bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cluster Roots Are Common in Daviesia and Allies (Mirbelioids; Fabaceae)
Authors: NGE FRANCIS J. , CAMBRIDGE MARION L. , ELLSWORTH DAVID S. , ZHONG HONGTAO , LAMBERS HANS
Published: February 2025

Cluster roots are best known in the Proteaceae, but also occur in other plant families. Cluster roots are produced by Viminaria juncea and some species of Daviesia, which belong to the Australian Mirbelioids (Fabaceae). We searched for cluster roots in a number of species in Daviesia and its close allies Gompholobium and Sphaerolobium and found them in all studied species of these three genera. Daviesia incrassata subsp. incrassata, collected at an unusually waterlogged habitat, had no cluster roots, but they were present in D. incrassata subsp. reversifolia in a drier habitat. Cluster roots are pervasive in the Daviesia group of the Fabaceae, allowing them to persist on low-phosphorus soils.
Turning to Narrative: Generosity, Giving, and Gratitude in Tolstoy’s “Anna Karenina”
Authors: Gunderman Richard
Published: February 2025

Quantitative approaches to the study of philanthropy often overshadow narrative approaches, especially in the professional literature. Quantitative approaches tend to speak in generalities and narrative approaches in particularities. When it comes to understanding why persons give and receive, narrative approaches have an edge. To illustrate this advantage, this article explores a single, especially thoughtful and beautiful act of generosity in perhaps the greatest novel ever written, Leo Tolstoy’s "Anna Karenina".
Progress in Medical AI: Reviewing Large Language
Models and Multimodal Systems for Diagonosis
Authors: Tong Ran , Xu Ting , Ju Xinxin , Wang Lanruo
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has significantly enhanced diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making processes. This review examines four pivotal studies that highlight the integration of large language models (LLMs) and multimodal systems in medical diagnostics. BioBERT demonstrates the efficacy of domain-specific pretraining on biomedical texts, improving performance in tasks such as named entity recognition, relation extraction, and question answering. Med-PaLM, a large-scale language model tailored for clinical question answering, leverages instruction prompt tuning to enhance accuracy and reduce harmful outputs, validated through the MultiMedQA benchmark. DR.KNOWS integrates medical knowledge graphs with LLMs, enhancing diagnostic reasoning and interpretability by grounding model predictions in structured medical knowledge. Medical Multimodal Foundation Models (MMFMs) combine textual and imaging data to improve tasks like segmentation, lesion detection, and automated report generation. These studies demonstrate the importance of domain adaptation, structured knowledge integration, and multimodal data fusion in developing robust and interpretable AI-driven diagnostic tools.
Analysis of some consequences of protecting the right to justice in disputes related to sanctioned transactions
Authors: Bezborodov Alexander Yur'evich
Published: February 2025

Within the framework of the article, the author analyzes the conditions of application of the provision of Article 248.1 of the Arbitral Code of the Russian Federation regarding the justification of the exclusive jurisdiction of Russian courts in disputes involving persons affected by sanctions restrictions, as well as the conditions of application of Article 11 (a) of Regulation (EU) 833/2014, which grants citizens of the European Union and legal entities incorporated in the European Union the right to damages and court costs related to the consideration of a dispute related to a sanctioned transaction in a jurisdiction outside the European Union and, in particular, in Russian state courts in the case of a Russian court substantiating jurisdiction on the basis of Article 248.1 of the APC RF. The author examined the prerequisites for the application of relevant norms, taking into account current judicial practice, highlights differences and common approaches to the implementation of relevant powers.The author used a comparative legal method and compared legal approaches to the application of Article 248.1 of the Code of Arbitration Procedure of the Russian Federation with the prerequisites for the application of Article 11 (a) Regulation (EC) 833/2014. The research topic seems relevant to the author due to the need to analyze the judicial approaches being developed to the application of Article 248.1 of the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, the legal positions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation aimed at protecting the constitutional right to judicial protection. Also of scientific interest are the approaches of foreign states aimed at protecting foreign persons and transferring legal disputes to a foreign jurisdiction in order to guarantee maximum protection for foreign citizens and legal entities, regardless of the possibility of providing equal jurisdictional and organizational guarantees to Russian participants in the dispute. A comparative analysis of the prerequisites for the application of relevant legal norms in the Russian Federation and the European Union makes it possible to identify both similar approaches to legal regulation and differences, as well as to assess the impact of the application of these norms on the legal and economic situation of the parties to the dispute.
Bridging the Gap in Cancer Cell Behavior Against Matrix Stiffening: Insights from a Trizonal Model
Authors: Torki Mohammad E , Liu Fan , Xu Rongguang , Chen Yunfeng , Fredberg Jeffery , Chen Zi
Published: February 2025

The intricate interplay between actomyosin contractility and extracellular matrix (ECM) strain stiffening is pivotal in cancer invasion. Despite the admitted impact of such feedback, current models are inadequate in predicting the largely overlapping ranges of cell shapes and their corresponding motility levels at intermediate ranges of collagen density. To address this gap, we introduce a free energy-based, trizonal model for cell shape transition under ECM stiffening, which delineates two distinct and one overlapping motility zones entitled with their implications for cancer progression: a low-motility zone with minimal invasiveness, a high-motility zone indicative of significantly invasive cells, and a mesoregion which harbors cells at crossroads of both states. This model integrates critical factors influencing the bidirectional interaction between the cell and ECM, thereby offering a deeper grasp of cancer cell behavior. Our findings reveal that the combined effects of ECM strain stiffening and cellular contractility are key drivers of cell population heterogeneity and invasiveness. This model goes beyond existing paradigms by accurately determining the optimal cell elongation at matrix-driven steady-state equilibrium, factoring in collagen density, contractility density, stress polarization, membrane-cortical tension, and integrin dynamics through the lens of total free energy minimization. The model’s predictive capability is further validated against measured cell shapes from histological sections. Altogether, this research not only bridges a crucial knowledge gap, but also provides a robust computational framework for predicting and replicating cell shape transitions observed in human functional tissue assays, thereby enhancing our ability to understand and potentially combat cancer invasion.
Probing the role of synaptic adhesion molecule RTN4RL2 in setting up cochlear connectivity
Authors: Karagulyan Nare , Überegger Maja , Qi Yumeng , Babai Norbert , Hofer Florian , Johnson Chacko Lejo , Wang Fangfang , Luque Maria , Glueckert Rudolf , Schrott-Fischer Anneliese , Hua Yunfeng , Moser Tobias , Bandtlow Christine
Published: February 2025

Sound encoding depends on the precise and reliable neurotransmission at the afferent synapses between the sensory inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). The molecular mechanisms contributing to the formation, as well as interplay between the pre- and postsynaptic components remain largely unclear. Here, we tested the role of the synaptic adhesion molecule and Nogo/RTN4 receptor homolog RTN4RL2 (also referred to as NgR2) in the development and function of afferent IHC-SGN synapses. Upon deletion of RTN4RL2 in mice (RTN4RL2
-/-
), presynaptic IHC active zones showed enlarged synaptic ribbons and a depolarized shift in the activation of Ca
V
1.3 Ca
2+
channels. The postsynaptic densities (PSDs) of SGNs were smaller and deficient of GluA2/3 despite maintained Gria2 mRNA expression in SGNs. Next to synaptically engaged PSDs we observed “orphan” PSDs located away from IHCs. They likely belong to a subset of SGN peripheral neurites that do not contact the IHCs in RTN4RL2
-/-
cochleae as found by volume electron microscopy reconstruction of SGN neurites. Auditory brainstem responses of RTN4RL2
-/-
mice showed increased sound thresholds indicating impaired hearing. Together, these findings suggest that RTN4RL2 contributes to the proper formation and function of auditory afferent synapses and is critical for normal hearing.
Compound Mutations in the Abl1 Kinase Cause Inhibitor Resistance by Shifting DFG Flip Mechanisms and Relative State Populations
Authors: Monteiro da Silva Gabriel , Lam Kyle , Dalgarno David C , Rubenstein Brenda M
Published: February 2025

The intrinsic dynamics of most proteins are central to their function. Protein tyrosine kinases such as Abl1 undergo significant conformational changes that modulate their activity in response to different stimuli. These conformational changes constitute a conserved mechanism for self-regulation that dramatically impacts kinases’ affinities for inhibitors. Few studies have attempted to extensively sample the pathways and elucidate the mechanisms that underlie kinase inactivation. In large part, this is a consequence of the steep energy barriers associated with many kinase conformational changes, which present a significant obstacle for computational studies using traditional simulation methods. Seeking to bridge this knowledge gap, we present a thorough analysis of the “DFG flip” inactivation pathway in Abl1 kinase. By leveraging the power of the Weighted Ensemble methodology, which accelerates sampling without the use of biasing forces, we have comprehensively simulated DFG flip events in Abl1 and its inhibitor-resistant variants, revealing a rugged landscape punctuated by potentially druggable intermediate states. Through our strategy, we successfully simulated dozens of uncorrelated DFG flip events distributed along two principal pathways, identified the molecular mechanisms that govern them, and measured their relative probabilities. Further, we show that the compound Glu255Lys/Val Thr315Ile Abl1 variants owe their inhibitor resistance phenotype to an increase in the free energy barrier associated with completing the DFG flip. This barrier stabilizes Abl1 variants in conformations that can lead to loss of binding for Type-II inhibitors such as Imatinib or Ponatinib. Finally, we contrast our Abl1 observations with the relative state distributions and propensity for undergoing a DFG flip of evolutionarily-related protein tyrosine kinases with diverging Type-II inhibitor binding affinities. Altogether, we expect that our work will be of significant importance for protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor discovery, while also furthering our understanding of how enzymes self-regulate through highly-conserved molecular switches.
Unraveling the Power of NAP-CNB’s Machine Learning-enhanced Tumor Neoantigen Prediction
Authors: Méndez-Pérez Almudena , Acosta-Moreno Andrés M , Wert-Carvajal Carlos , Ballesteros-Cuartero Pilar , Sánchez-García Rubén , Macías José R , Sanz-Pamplona Rebeca , Alemany Ramon , Sorzano Carlos Óscar S , Muñoz-Barrutia Arrate , Veiga Esteban
Published: February 2025

In this study, we present a proof-of-concept classical vaccination experiment that validates the
in silico
identification of tumor neoantigens (TNAs) using a machine learning-based platform called NAP-CNB. Unlike other TNA predictors, NAP-CNB leverages RNAseq data to consider the relative expression of neoantigens in tumors. Our experiments show the efficacy of NAP-CNB. Predicted TNAs elicited potent antitumor responses
in vivo
following classical vaccination protocols. Notably, optimal antitumor activity was observed when targeting the antigen with higher expression in the tumor, which was not the most immunogenic. Additionally, the vaccination combining different neoantigens resulted in vastly improved responses compared to each one individually, showing the worth of multiantigen-based approaches. These findings validate NAP-CNB as an innovative TNA-identification platform and make a substantial contribution to advancing the next generation of personalized immunotherapies
Evaluation of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Varietal Responses to Foot and Stem Rot Caused by Phytophthora parasitica var. sabdariffae
Authors: B Swathi , Y Rajasekhar , G Sreenivas , M Srinivas Rao , Y Sandhya Rani , G Chitti Babu
Published: February 2025

Mesta or Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is one of the most important commercial fibre crops after Cotton and Jute. Foot and stem rot is one of the major devastating diseases affecting mesta plants caused by the fungus Phytophthora parasitica var. sabdariffae. Field trials were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Amadalavalasa for two consecutive years during Kharif 2022-23 and 2023-24 to evaluate Advanced Varietal Trial (AVT) entries against foot and stem rot in roselle under sick plot conditions. Same Six set of entries were screened under Advanced Varietal Trial (AVT I) during 2022-23 and Advanced Varietal Trial (AVT II) during 2023-24 against foot and stem rot disease of mesta under field (sick plot) conditions. Each treatment replicated thrice in a randomized block design and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out on the data to test for differences using MS Excel. In AVT I entries, the disease incidence of foot and stem rot ranged from 23.0% (AHS-340) to 42.3% (AHS-342) and the susceptible checks HS 4288 and AMV 5 recorded disease incidence of 46.1% and 47.6% respectively. Among the six AVT II entries screened under sick plot conditions, foot and stem rot incidence ranged from 24.1% (AHS-340) to 50.6% (AHS-342). The susceptible checks HS 4288 and AMV 5 recorded disease incidence rates of 50.2% and 60.0% respectively.
Ethnobotanical Survey of Cerrado Plants Used as Antihypertensives for the Elderly in Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
Authors: Santos Gleyciany Stefany Alves dos , Piza Paulo Adaias , Toniasso Isabela Monteiro , Sanchez Maryland , Melo Laura Valdiane Luz , Silva Marcondes Alves Barbosa da
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the traditional use of medicinal plants for hypertension treatment by elderly communities in Rondonópolis-MT, Brazil. Ethnobotany studies the aspects by plant utilization by societies, encompassing principally the medicinal utility. Consequently, it helps in the development bioactive natural products. This ethnobotanical study was focused medicinal plants to the Cerrado, as used by elderly in Rondonópolis-MT, Brazil for hypertension treatment. Initially, two institutions supporting elderly in Rondonópolis were chosen: Recanto do Idosos and the Associação de Apoio à Terceira Idade. A questionnaire, comprising open and closed questions covering personal data, general plant-use information, and knowledge about species with anti-hypertensive properties, was used. Plants cited as anti-hypertensive and originating from the Cerrado were collected and submitted for taxonomic classification. A total of 41 elderly participated in the study, with 60.08% women, and 39.02% having incomplete elementary education. Notably, mothers played a prominent role, accounting for approximately 38.71% of the influence on plant use. Among the respondents, 58.06% believed that plants exhibit a moderate effect, while 100% claimed that plants do not cause adverse effects, and 93.5% affirmed the transmission of this knowledge to younger generations. In conclusion, 11 medicinal plants with anti-hypertensive activity were identified, with only 4 classified as belonging to the Cerrado post-bibliographic research. Following collection and botanical classification, the scientific names obtained were: Costus arabicus L.; Solanum paniculatum L.; Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Ex Mart.; and Bixa orellana L. The limited number of plants mentioned raises concerns about the potential loss of traditional knowledge about plant among elderly. Hence, undertaking new ethnobotanical investigations becomes crucial for documenting this culturally significant knowledge.
Quality of Fresh Pork Packed in Biodegradable Material in Comparison with Conventional Packaging Material under Frozen Storage
Authors: Fanai Lalzarzova , Rajagaopal Kavitha , Babu Aparna C. , Nayar Renuka , T. Sathu , Vergis Jess , K Asha , P.B. Aswathi , Roy Deepika , R Hariharan
Published: February 2025

Aims: To develop and evaluate biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) packaging films incorporated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and assess their effects on the physico-chemical characteristics as well as the shelf life of pork chops under frozen condition
Study design:  It is a controlled experiment where different treatments (types of packaging) are applied to the pork chops, and their effects are measured at multiple time points.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad District, Kerala State, India between June 2024 and December 2024.
Methodology: Plain PLA pouches and PLA pouches incorporated with ZnO were prepared. Pork hind leg chops were used as samples and were procured from a local butcher, cut into 200-250g and then packaged into Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE), plain PLA and PLA pouches incorporated with 2.5 per cent and 5 per cent concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles. Samples packed in LDPE were labelled as control while samples packed in PLA, 2.5 per cent PLA/ZnO pouches and 5 per cent PLA/ZnO pouches were labelled as treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2 (T2) and treatment 3 (T3) respectively. All samples were kept under frozen storage (-18 ± 2 oC) and analysis was done on the 0th, 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th day of storage. The samples were analysed for their physico-chemical properties such as pH, cooking loss, water holding capacity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) number and tyrosine value. Four trials of the experiment were conducted.
Results: A significant decrease in pH was observed in all the samples across the storage period except in T2 and the water holding capacity of all samples significantly (P ≤0.01) reduced with time. Corresponding to the trend in pH values over storage, was a significant decrease (P<0.01) could be observed in the cooking loss as well as water holding capacity. The TBARS (P<0.01) and tyrosine values P<0.05) increased significantly with time. However, there was no significant difference observed between the samples in any day of analysis indicating that PLA is equally effective as LDPE for the frozen storage of pork. The incorporation of nanoparticles, however did not exert a significant change in the quality of frozen pork.
Conclusion: PLA is equally effective as LDPE as a packaging material for the frozen storage of pork and can offer a sustainable solution to the packaging of muscle foods. The incorporation of nanoparticles, however did not exert a significant change in the quality of frozen pork.
Pengembangan Komik Instagram “Toomis Booncis” Bertemakan Leisure bagi Remaja
Authors: Husada Agnes Delicia , Anggrianto Christian
Published: February 2025

Leisure time merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam perkembangan sosial remaja. Sebenarnya konsep leisure sangat menarik untuk dibahas dan diketahui oleh remaja, namun ternyata studi mengenai leisure di Indonesia masih kurang banyak dibahas. Sehingga melalui hal ini, munculah sebuah ide untuk membuat suatu hiburan bagi remaja bertemakan leisure time yang menarik dan mudah diakses. Dirancanglah komik digital “Toomis Booncis” yang bertujuan sebagai hiburan bagi remaja bertemakan leisure time dengan konten cerita mengenai aktivitas keseharian remaja yang berhubungan dengan leisure activity mereka. Komik ini ditargetkan untuk remaja yang berusia 17-22 tahun yang aktif menggunakan media sosial Instagram. Unik mengembangkan komik yang cocok untuk remaja, dilakukan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan survei. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana membuat konten cerita komik di media sosial dengan baik dan menerapkan konsep leisure dengan cara yang menyenangkan dan menghibur.
Analisis Tipografi dalam Konten Instagram @disbudparkotasemarang sebagai Penguatan City Branding Semarang “Simpul Ekonomi Jawa”
Authors: Widiantoro Bayu , Hardjana Alfons Christian , Senasaputro Bonifacio Bayu
Published: February 2025

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat kesesuaian antara branding yang dicanangkan dengan proses branding yang diaplikasikan melalui tipografi pada desain visual tampilan unggahan @disbudparkotasemarang. Data diambil dari akun Instagram yang diunggah sejak city branding Semarang, “Simpul Ekonomi Jawa”, dimunculkan. Analisis dilakukan dengan melihat pada jumlah bentuk huruf yang digunakan dan jenis tipografi yang ada di dalamnya. Hal ini kemudian dikaitkan dengan bentuk tipografi yang ada di dalam logo city branding Semarang. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kesesuaian antara bentuk huruf dan jenis tipografi dengan bentuk dan jenis tipografi yang ada pada logo city branding  Semarang “Simpul Ekonomi Jawa”. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi pada pembuatan standarisasi penggunaan tipografi dan huruf pada unggahan Instagram untuk memperkuat city branding Semarang “Simpul Ekonomi Jawa”.
Analisis Visual Branding Suplemen Herbal Sinargi Menggunakan Metode Komparatif dalam Upaya Membangun Citra Modern
Authors: Vienna Elissa , Muljosumarto Cindy
Published: February 2025

Sinar Herba Radix adalah perusahaan obat herbal Cina di Tangerang, yang memiliki komitmen untuk terus berinovasi dan mengolah pemberian terbaik alam untuk kebaikan hidup manusia. Setelah beberapa tahun beroperasi, Sinar Herba Radix berinisiasi untuk lebih fokus pada target market berusia muda yang sebagian besar masih skeptis dengan khasiat bahan-bahan herbal. Maka dari itu, dibangunlah brand baru bernama Sinargi. Sinargi memproduksi obat-obatan herbal berbentuk suplemen yang aman dikonsumsi rutin dan diharapkan bisa menjadi bagian dari gaya hidup anak muda.  Berbeda dari obat-obat herbal Sinar Herba Radix yang kemasannya klasik dan menggunakan visual yang sangat tradisional, Sinargi melakukan branding dengan tujuan membangun citra modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif komparasi yang membandingkan visual branding antara Sinar Herba Radix dan Sinargi. Hasil dari penelitian ini memaparkan faktor-faktor pembentuk citra modern dalam visual branding Sinargi.
Analisis Ketidakpastian pada Wisatawan Mancanegara dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata di Biak Numfor Papua
Authors: Derek Ryand Christian , Darmastuti Rini
Published: February 2025

Biak Numfor merupakan Kabupaten yang menempati posisi 10 dari bawah di provinsi Papua sebagai kabupaten dengan tingkat kemiskinan tertinggi di Indonesia. Suatu kondisi yang ironis, karena Biak Numfor memiliki potensi wisata yang tinggi baik dari sumber daya alam maupun dari sisi budaya. Hanya saja, dalam beberapa waktu terakhir ini sektor pariwisata di Biak Numfor terjadi penurunan jumlah wisatawan asing. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah terjadinya ketidakpastian pada saat berkomunikasi antara wisatawan asing dengan penduduk asli. Berdasarkan dari latar belakang diatas yang menjadi pertanyaan adalah ketidakpastian apa saja yang dihadapi wisatawan asing di kabupaten Biak Numfor berdasarkan teori ketidakpastian Gudykunst dan bagaimana solusinya? Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah mengindentifikasi dan mendiskripsikan ketidakpastian yang terjadi antara wisatawan dengan penduduk asli dan solusi dalam mengatasi ketidakpastian tersebut. Analisa pada tulisan ini didasarkan pada teori ketidakpastian Gudykunst, dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan kasus pariwisata di Kabupaten Biak Numfor, Papua. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pertama, wisatawan asing di Biak Numfor mengalami ketidakpastian informasi, ketidakpastian budaya dan bahasa. Ketidak pastian informasi terkait dengan informasi situasi kegiatan, informasi atraksi wisata, informasi fasilitas pendukung, informasi akomodasi serta akesibilitas. Kedua, solusi dalam mengatasi ketidakpastian bagi wisatawan asing di Biak Numfor adalah dengan membuat pusat informasi terpadu berbentuk website maupun blog yang terintegrasi dengan pihak terkait dan didukung optimalisasi mesin pencari.
Anti-Asian Hate and the Health of Older Asian Individuals
Authors: Li Lingsheng , Kang Jasmine , Ho Maxwell , Li Andrew T. , Shih Jonathan J. , Yeh Jarmin , Smith Alexander
Published: May 2024

This qualitative study assesses the association of anti-Asian hate with older Asian individuals’ health and the clinician’s role in addressing hate incidents.
Health Service Use and Costs During Pregnancy Among Privately Insured Individuals With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Agarwal Anushree , Duan Rong , Sobhani Nasim C. , Sabanayagam Aarthi , Marcus Gregory M. , Gurvitz Michelle
Published: May 2024

Importance

Individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD) are increasingly reaching childbearing age, are more prone to adverse pregnancy events, and uncommonly undergo recommended cardiac evaluations. Data to better understand resource allocation and financial planning are lacking.

Objective

To examine health care use and costs for patients with CHD during pregnancy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study was performed from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2016, using Merative MarketScan commercial insurance data. Participants included patients with CHD and those without CHD matched 1:1 by age, sex, and insurance enrollment year. Pregnancy claims were identified for all participants. Data were analyzed from September 2022 to March 2024.

Exposures

Baseline characteristics (age, US region, delivery year, insurance type) and pregnancy-related events (obstetric, cardiac, and noncardiac conditions; birth outcomes; and cesarean delivery).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Health service use (outpatient physician, nonphysician, emergency department, prescription drugs, and admissions) and costs (total and out-of-pocket costs adjusted for inflation to represent 2024 US dollars).

Results

A total of 11 703 pregnancies (mean [SD] maternal age, 31.5 [5.4] years) were studied, with 2267 pregnancies in 1785 patients with CHD (492 pregnancies in patients with severe CHD and 1775 in patients with nonsevere CHD) and 9436 pregnancies in 7720 patients without CHD. Compared with patients without CHD, pregnancies in patients with CHD were associated with significantly higher health care use (standardized mean difference [SMD] range, 0.16-1.46) and cost (SMD range, 0.14-0.55) except for out-of-pocket inpatient and ED costs. After adjustment for covariates, having CHD was independently associated with higher total (adjusted cost ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.57-1.84) and out-of-pocket (adjusted cost ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.22-1.58) costs. The adjusted mean total costs per pregnancy were $15 971 (95% CI, $15 480-$16 461) for patients without CHD, $24 290 (95% CI, $22 773-$25 806) for patients with any CHD, $26 308 (95% CI, $22 788-$29 828) for patients with severe CHD, and $23 750 (95% CI, $22 110-$25 390) for patients with nonsevere CHD. Patients with vs without CHD incurred $8319 and $700 higher total and out-of-pocket costs per pregnancy, respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study provides novel, clinically relevant estimates for the cardio-obstetric team, patients with CHD, payers, and policymakers regarding health care and financial planning. These estimates can be used to carefully plan for and advocate for the comprehensive resources needed to care for patients with CHD.
Physicians and Specialties in the Veterans Health Administration’s Community Care Network
Authors: Feyman Yevgeniy , Griffith Kevin N. , Dorneo Allison , Simmons Sandra F. , Roumie Christianne L. , Mattocks Kristin M.
Published: May 2024

This cross-sectional study of data from the US Veterans Health Administration examines the availability of services provided through community care networks by specialty and clinical characteristics.
Zoey’s First Haircut
Authors: Stallman Eunice
Published: May 2024

This essay describes the author’s experience with her daughter’s brain cancer and her reflections on her responsibilities as a physician.
Safe and Equitable Pediatric Clinical Use of AI
Authors: Handley Jessica L. , Lehmann Christoph U. , Ratwani Raj M.
Published: May 2024

This Viewpoint provides recommendations and stakeholder actions to support safe and equitable use of artificial intelligence (AI) in pediatric clinical settings.
US Immigration Policy Stressors and Latinx Youth Mental Health
Authors: Roche Kathleen M. , White Rebecca M. B. , Partovi Roushanac , Vaquera Elizabeth , Little Todd D.
Published: May 2024

Importance

The youth mental health crisis is exacerbated for Latinx adolescents, a group whose families are targets of anti-immigrant rhetoric and policy.

Objective

To investigate how immigration-related stressors are associated with disruptions in parent-child relationships and, in turn, the mental health symptoms of Latinx adolescents.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Data for this prospective cohort study of adolescent-mother dyads were derived from surveys completed at 3 time points spanning 4 years (time 1 [T1] in 2018, time 2 [T2] in 2020, and time 3 [T3] in 2022). Mediation analyses estimated paths from immigration-related stressors to parent-child relationship qualities to mental health symptoms from early to late adolescence. Multivariable and multivariate linear models within a structural equation modeling framework regressed mediators and outcome variables on their own T1 values, offering a scientifically rigorous test of mediation. The setting was a school district in suburban Atlanta, Georgia, and included Latinx adolescents (ages 11-16 years) randomly selected from grade and gender strata. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to March 2024.

Exposures

The primary independent variables were T1 mother reports of anti-immigrant worry and behavioral modification and adolescent reports of family member detention or deportation. Mediating variables were the reports of parental support and parent-child conflict of T2 adolescents.

Main Outcomes and Measures

T3 adolescent reports of past 6-month internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

Results

A total of 547 Latinx adolescents (mean [SD] age, 13.3 [1.0] years; 303 female [55.4%]; 244 male [44.6%]) were included in this study. Response rates were 65.2% (547 of 839) among contacted parents and 95.3% (547 of 574) among contacted adolescents with parental permission. Four-year retention rates were 67% (366 of 547 adolescents) and 65% (177 of 271 mothers). Structural model results showed that T1 anti-immigrant worry and behavioral modification was associated with T3 increases in externalizing symptoms indirectly through T1 to T2 increases in parent-child conflict (β = 0.03; SE = 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.08). For girls, T1 family member deportation or detention was associated with T1 to T3 increases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms indirectly through T1 to T2 declines in parental support (internalizing: β = 0.04; SE = 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.08; externalizing: β = 0.03; SE = 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.07). Sensitivity analyses supported structural model findings.

Conclusion and Relevance

Results of this cohort study suggest that legislative bodies, the health care system, and educational institutions should implement safeguards to mitigate potential harm conferred by anti-immigrant environments for parent-child relationships and, in turn, Latinx adolescents’ mental health.
Recurrent and novel fusions detected by targeted RNA sequencing as part of the diagnostic workflow of soft tissue and bone tumours
Authors: Zago Baltazar Rafael , Claerhout Sofie , Vander Borght Sara , Spans Lien , Sciot Raphael , Schöffski Patrick , Hompes Daphne , Sinnaeve Friedl , Wafa Hazem , Renard Marleen , van den Hout Mari FCM , Vernemmen Astrid , Libbrecht Louis , De Roo An‐Katrien , Mazzeo Filomena , van Marcke Cédric , Deraedt Karen , Bourgain Claire , Vanden Bempt Isabelle
Published: May 2024

The identification of gene fusions has become an integral part of soft tissue and bone tumour diagnosis. We investigated the added value of targeted RNA‐based sequencing (targeted RNA‐seq, Archer FusionPlex) to our current molecular diagnostic workflow of these tumours, which is based on fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) for the detection of gene fusions using 25 probes. In a series of 131 diagnostic samples targeted RNA‐seq identified a gene fusion, BCOR internal tandem duplication or ALK deletion in 47 cases (35.9%). For 74 cases, encompassing 137 FISH analyses, concordance between FISH and targeted RNA‐seq was evaluated. A positive or negative FISH result was confirmed by targeted RNA‐seq in 27 out of 49 (55.1%) and 81 out of 88 (92.0%) analyses, respectively. While negative concordance was high, targeted RNA‐seq identified a canonical gene fusion in seven cases despite a negative FISH result. The 22 discordant FISH‐positive analyses showed a lower percentage of rearrangement‐positive nuclei (range 15–41%) compared to the concordant FISH‐positive analyses (>41% of nuclei in 88.9% of cases). Six FISH analyses (in four cases) were finally considered false positive based on histological and targeted RNA‐seq findings. For the EWSR1 FISH probe, we observed a gene‐dependent disparity (p = 0.0020), with 8 out of 35 cases showing a discordance between FISH and targeted RNA‐seq (22.9%). This study demonstrates an added value of targeted RNA‐seq to our current diagnostic workflow of soft tissue and bone tumours in 19 out of 131 cases (14.5%), which we categorised as altered diagnosis (3 cases), added precision (6 cases), or augmented spectrum (10 cases). In the latter subgroup, four novel fusion transcripts were found for which the clinical relevance remains unclear: NAB2::NCOA2, YAP1::NUTM2B, HSPA8::BRAF, and PDE2A::PLAG1. Overall, targeted RNA‐seq has proven extremely valuable in the diagnostic workflow of soft tissue and bone tumours.
When Structured Light Encounters Liquid Crystals
Authors: Zhou Le , Zhong Tingjun , Liu Yuanfeng , Yu Taoyuan , Neyts Kristiaan , Luo Zhiyou , Wang Huihui , Sun Jingbo , Zhou Ji , Shen Yang
Published: May 2024

Structured light refers to the light field tailored by various degrees of freedom including intensity, phase, and polarization states in both spatial and temporal domains, which may greatly vitalize the technologies in both optics, such as the next‐generation optical communication as well as subwavelength imaging and the materials science in both fabrication and characterization. The structured characteristics of the structure light need materials also with structured optical properties that can generate or manipulate structured light in a straightforward way, which can be well satisfied by liquid crystals, a soft mater that can self‐assemble into tunable ordered structures through external stimuli. This review summarizes the research progress of the liquid crystal‐based devices used in structured light generations and modulations, including the well‐established techniques in the market, like the spatial light modulator, q‐plate and the liquid crystal integrated optical metasurfaces. Especially, light‐matter interactions are discussed from the topological view of both the structured light and the liquid crystal structures. Such a perfect matching in topology makes the liquid crystal a promising star together with structured light in future optic and photonic technologies.
All‐Oxide Metasurfaces Formed by Synchronized Local Ionic Gating
Authors: Han Hyeon , Sharma Arpit , Yoon Jiho , Wang Zhong , Körner Chris , Deniz Hakan , Sharma Ankit K. , Li Fan , Sturm Chris , Woltersdorf Georg , Parkin Stuart S. P.
Published: May 2024

Ionic gating of oxide thin films has emerged as a novel way of manipulating the properties of thin films. Most studies are carried out on single devices with a three‐terminal configuration, but, by exploring the electrokinetics during the ionic gating, such a configuration with initially insulating films leads to a highly non‐uniform gating response of individual devices within large arrays of the devices. It is shown that such an issue can be circumvented by the formation of a uniform charge potential by the use of a thin conducting underlayer. This synchronized local ionic gating allows for the simultaneous manipulation of the electrical, magnetic, and/or optical properties of large arrays of devices. Designer metasurfaces formed in this way from SrCoO2.5 thin films display an anomalous optical reflection of light that relies on the uniform and coherent response of all the devices. Beyond oxides, almost any material whose properties can be controlled by the addition or removal of ions via gating can form novel metasurfaces using this technique. These findings provide insights into the electrokinetics of ionic gating and a wide range of applications using synchronized local ionic gating.
Linearly Polarized Broadband Emission and Multiwavelength Lasing in Solution‐Processed Quantum Dots
Authors: Wang Jiaxuan , Zhou Yifei , Huang Dapeng , Liao Chuan , Zhou Haifeng , Guo Peng , Li Zexin , Zhou Guangjun , Yu Xiaoqiang , Hu Jifan
Published: May 2024

A miniature laser with linear polarization is a long sought‐after component of photonic integrated circuits. In particular, for multiwavelength polarization lasers, it supports simultaneous access to multiple, widely varying laser wavelengths in a small spatial region, which is of great significance for advancing applications such as optical computing, optical storage, and optical sensing. However, there is a trade‐off between the size of small‐scale lasers and laser performance, and multiwavelength co‐gain of laser media and multicavity micromachining in the process of laser miniaturization remain as significant challenges. Herein, room‐temperature linearly polarized multiwavelength lasers in the visible and near‐infrared wavelength ranges are demonstrated, by fabricating random cavities scattered with silica in an Er‐doped Cs2Ag0.4Na0.6In0.98Bi0.02Cl6 double‐perovskite quantum dots gain membrane. By regulating the local symmetry and enabling effective energy transfer in nanocrystals, multiwavelength lasers with ultralow thresholds are achieved at room temperature. The maximum degree of polarization reaches 0.89. With their advantages in terms of miniaturization, ultralow power consumption, and adaptability for integration, these lasers offer a prospective light source for future photonic integrated circuits aimed at high‐capacity optical applications.
Solar‐Driven Drum‐Type Atmospheric Water Harvester Based on Bio‐Based Gels with Fast Adsorption/Desorption Kinetics
Authors: Zhou Hao , Yan Li , Tang Dexi , Xu Ting , Dai Lin , Li Chenyu , Chen Wenshuai , Si Chuanling
Published: May 2024

Sorption‐based atmospheric water harvesting is an attractive technology for exploiting unconventional water sources. A critical challenge is how to facilitate fast and continuous collection of potable water from air. Here, a bio‐based gel (cellulose/alginate/lignin gel, CAL gel), resulting from the integration of a whole biomass‐derived polymer network with lithium chloride is reported. A fast adsorption/desorption kinetics, with a water capture rate of 1.74 kg kg−1 h−1 at 30% relative humidity and a desorption rate of 1.98 kg kg−1 h−1, is simultaneously realized in one piece of CAL gel, because of its strong hygroscopicity, hydrophilic network, abundant water transport channels, photothermal conversion ability, and ≈200‐µm‐thick self‐supporting bulky structure caused by multicomponent synergy. A solar‐driven, drum‐type, tunable, and portable harvester is designed that can harvest atmospheric water within a brief time. Under outdoor conditions, the harvester with CAL gels operates 36 switches (180°) per day realizes a water yield of 8.96 kg kggel−1 (18.87 g kgdevice−1). This portable harvester highlights the potential for fast and scalable atmospheric water harvesting in extreme environments.
Comparative Study of Silver and Gold Source/Drain Contacts for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors with Low Contact Resistance
Authors: Wollandt Tobias , Letzkus Florian , Burghartz Joachim N. , Klauk Hagen
Published: May 2024

Flexible low‐voltage organic thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with Ag source/drain contacts are fabricated, and the contact resistance is measured using the transfer length method. The TFTs are fabricated in the inverted coplanar (bottom‐gate, bottom‐contact) device architecture, using the vacuum‐deposited small‐molecule semiconductor dinaphtho[2,3′b:2′,3′‐f]thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (DNTT). Prior to the semiconductor deposition, the contact surface is functionalized with a chemisorbed monolayer of pentafluorobenzenethiol (PFBT). For comparison, TFTs with PFBT‐functionalized Au source/drain contacts are fabricated on the same substrate. Overall, the performance of the TFTs with the Ag contacts is very similar to that of the TFTs with the Au contacts, and the contact resistance of the TFTs with the Ag contacts (377 Ωcm) is the smallest reported to date for p‐channel organic TFTs with a contact material other than Au or Pt.
Establishing Co‐Continuous Network of Conjugated Polymers and Elastomers for High‐Performance Polymer Solar Cells with Extreme Stretchability
Authors: Lee Jin‐Woo , Nguyen Trieu Hoang‐Quan , Oh Eun Sung , Lee Seungbok , Choi Jaeyoung , Kwon Hyun Soo , Wang Cheng , Lee Seungjin , Lee Jung‐Yong , Kim Taek‐Soo , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: May 2024

High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and mechanical robustness are prerequisites for wearable applications of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, stretchability of present active systems (i.e., crack‐onset strain (COS) < 30%) should be improved. While introducing elastomers into active systems is considered a simple method for improving stretchability, the inclusion of elastomers typically results in a decrease in PCE of the OSC with a limited enhancement in the stretchability due to lack of interconnected electrical and mechanical pathways. In this study, it is developed efficient and intrinsically stretchable (IS)‐OSCs with exceptional mechanical robustness, by constructing co‐continuous networks of conjugated polymers (D18) and elastomers (SEBS) within active layers. It is demonstrated that the blend film with a specific ratio (40:60 w/w) of D18:SEBS is crucial for forming co‐continuous structures, establishing well‐connected mechanical and electrical channels. Consequently, D180.4:SEBS0.6/L8‐BO OSCs achieve 16‐times higher stretchability (COS = 126%) than the OSCs based on D18/L8‐BO (COS = 8%), while achieving 4‐times higher PCE (12.13%) compared to the OSCs based on SEBS‐rich active layers (D180.2:SEBS0.8/L8‐BO, PCE = 3.15%). Furthermore, D180.4:SEBS0.6‐based IS‐OSCs preserve 86 and 90% of original PCEs at 50% strain and after 200 stretching/releasing cycles with 15% strain, respectively, demonstrating the highest mechanical robustness among reported IS‐OSCs.
DFT Studies on the Rh‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Cyclization of 2,3‐Allenols
Authors: Yang Laidi , Yang Fangling , Wu Xiaoyan , Zhang Xue
Published: May 2024

The mechanism of the Rh‐catalyzed oxidative coupling cyclization of 2,3‐allenols has been studied by DFT calculations. The whole process of the current reaction involves the nucleophilic cyclic oxyrhodation/ stereodefined carborhodation/ β‐H elimination/ reductive elimination. Calculated results reveal that the carborhodation step is not only the rate‐limiting step but also determines the stereo‐selectivity.
Patterns of virtual reality and Fitbit wearable activity device use after skull base surgery
Authors: Pandrangi Vivek C. , Araujo Ana , Buncke Michelle , Olson Brennan , Jorizzo Matthew , Said‐Al‐Naief Nasser , Sanusi Olabisi , Ciporen Jeremy , Shindo Maisie , Schindler Joshua , Colaianni C. Alessandra , Clayburgh Daniel , Andersen Peter , Flint Paul , Wax Mark K. , Geltzeiler Mathew , Li Ryan J.
Published: May 2024

Key points

Virtual reality (VR) and Fitbit devices are well tolerated by patients after skull base surgery.

Postoperative recovery protocols may benefit from incorporation of these devices.

However, challenges including patient compliance may impact optimal device utilization.
Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging Fluid‐Attenuated Inversion Recovery Mismatch on Portable, Low‐Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Among Acute Stroke Patients
Authors: Sorby‐Adams Annabel , Guo Jennifer , de Havenon Adam , Payabvash Seyedmehdi , Sze Gordon , Pinter Nandor K. , Jaikumar Vinay , Siddiqui Adnan , Baldassano Steven , Garcia‐Guarniz Ana‐Lucia , Zabinska Julia , Lalwani Dheeraj , Peasley Emma , Goldstein Joshua N. , Nelson Olivia K. , Schaefer Pamela W. , Wira Charles R. , Pitts John , Lee Vivien , Muir Keith W. , Nimjee Shahid M. , Kirsch John , Iglesias Juan Eugenio , Rosen Matthew S. , Sheth Kevin N. , Kimberly W. Taylor
Published: May 2024

Objective

For stroke patients with unknown time of onset, mismatch between diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can guide thrombolytic intervention. However, access to MRI for hyperacute stroke is limited. Here, we sought to evaluate whether a portable, low‐field (LF)‐MRI scanner can identify DWI‐FLAIR mismatch in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

Eligible patients with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke underwent LF‐MRI acquisition on a 0.064‐T scanner within 24 h of last known well. Qualitative and quantitative metrics were evaluated. Two trained assessors determined the visibility of stroke lesions on LF‐FLAIR. An image coregistration pipeline was developed, and the LF‐FLAIR signal intensity ratio (SIR) was derived.

Results

The study included 71 patients aged 71 ± 14 years and a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale of 6 (interquartile range 3–14). The interobserver agreement for identifying visible FLAIR hyperintensities was high (κ = 0.85, 95% CI 0.70–0.99). Visual DWI‐FLAIR mismatch had a 60% sensitivity and 82% specificity for stroke patients <4.5 h, with a negative predictive value of 93%. LF‐FLAIR SIR had a mean value of 1.18 ± 0.18 <4.5 h, 1.24 ± 0.39 4.5–6 h, and 1.40 ± 0.23 >6 h of stroke onset. The optimal cut‐point for LF‐FLAIR SIR was 1.15, with 85% sensitivity and 70% specificity. A cut‐point of 6.6 h was established for a FLAIR SIR <1.15, with an 89% sensitivity and 62% specificity.

Interpretation

A 0.064‐T portable LF‐MRI can identify DWI‐FLAIR mismatch among patients with acute ischemic stroke. Future research is needed to prospectively validate thresholds and evaluate a role of LF‐MRI in guiding thrombolysis among stroke patients with uncertain time of onset. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:321–331
A General Strategy for Sustainable 3D Printing Based on A Multifunctional Photoinitiator
Authors: Xiong Dajun , Ruan Pengfei , Li Zongan , Yi Wenbin , Wang Jieping
Published: May 2024

A multifunctional photoinitiator is presented, offering precise control over light‐induced polymerization initiation at 450 nm and material degradation at 365 nm. This is accomplished by covalently linking photoactive bis(acyl)phosphane oxide and photocleavable o‐nitrobenzyl ether moieties onto the surface of γ‐cyclodextrin. Upon degradation, the resulting linear polymers can be easily re‐dissolved in their corresponding monomer and re‐cured, exhibiting superior mechanical properties compared to the pristine material. Moreover, this photoinitiator enables the successful 3D printing of intricate and precise structures, representing a promising general strategy for developing recyclable photoresins for 3D printing applications.