bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Qingjin Huatan decoction on pulmonary function and inflammatory mediators in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Xuqin , Chen Yong , Zhang Ruodai , Shi Lipeng , Ren Yi
Published: October 2024

Background

The inflammatory response is the main pathophysiological basis of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and is a key factor leading to frequent exacerbations and disease progression. Suppressing the inflammatory response can improve pulmonary function, prognosis, and quality of life in AECOPD patients.

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of Qingjin Huatan decoction (QHD) on pulmonary function and inflammatory mediators in AECOPD patients.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of AECOPD with QHD were retrieved from eight Chinese and English electronic databases up to 31 May 2024. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the modified Jadad scale. Statistical analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessment were performed using Stata 17.0 software.

Results

A total of 40 RCTs involving 3,475 AECOPD patients were included. Compared to conventional treatment, QHD significantly improved pulmonary function, with increases in FEV1 (MD = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.34, p = 0.000), FVC (MD = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.41, p = 0.000), FEV1/FVC (MD = 6.07, 95% CI: 5.55 to 6.58, p = 0.000), and PaO2 (MD = 7.20, 95% CI: 4.94 to 9.47, p = 0.000), and a decrease in PaCO2 (MD = −5.37, 95% CI: 7.99 to −2.74, p = 0.000). QHD also significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α (MD = −10.87, 95% CI: 12.51 to −9.23, p = 0.000), IL-1β (MD = −13.63, 95% CI: −16.31 to −10.95, p = 0.000), IL-6 (MD = −7.58, 95% CI: −10.10 to −5.06, p = 0.000), IL-8 (MD = −9.45, 95% CI: −12.05 to −6.85, p = 0.000), CRP (MD = −5.62, 95% CI: −6.60 to −4.65, p = 0.000), and PCT (MD = −0.84, 95% CI: −1.07 to −0.62, p = 0.000). Additionally, QHD improved clinical efficacy (RR = 4.16, 95% CI: 3.26 to 5.30, p = 0.000) without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.61, p = 0.000).

Conclusion

Existing evidence suggests that QHD can significantly improve pulmonary function, suppress the expression of inflammatory mediators, and enhance clinical efficacy in AECOPD patients, with a good safety profile. Given the limitations of this study, more high-quality studies are needed to provide reliable evidence.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=559436, identifier CRD42024559436
A cross-sectional study of factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Dai Guokui , Cai Xiangsheng , Ye Chuanjiang , Zhang Yuzhen , Guan Ruoping
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of this work was to study the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and several indexes and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Methods

There were 11,028 adults who underwent physical examination at the Guangzhou Cadre and Talent Health Management Center from January 2023 to December 2023 and were selected as research subjects. Retrospective analysis was used to understand the carotid atherosclerosis of the examined population and analyze its relationship with sex, age, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, renal function, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, neutrophil to lymphocyte count ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte count ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), monocyte count to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), triglyceride glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), insulin resistance metabolic index (METS-IR), and other indicators.

Results

Among 11,028 subjects, the detection rate of carotid atherosclerotic thickening (CAT) was 12.00% and carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) was 25.11%. The CAT and CAP detection rates in men were 13.32% and 28.78%, respectively, which were higher than the CAT detection rate of 8.28% and CAP detection rate of 14.80% in women, and the differences were statistically significant (both p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis using TyG-BMI and METS-IR as two indicators was modeled separately, and the results showed that CAS was associated with men, increasing age, and systolic blood pressure. The area under the curve (AUC) was analyzed using the subject’s work characteristic (ROC) curve in the descending order of METS-IR, TyG-BMI, and MHR. The combination of the three indexes of sex, age, and METS-IR predicted atherosclerosis with the highest AUC values.

Conclusion

Carotid atherosclerosis is highly prevalent in men. Elevation of systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, MHR, and TyG-BMI (or METS-IR) with age are independent influences on carotid atherosclerosis. The three indexes of MHR, TyG-BMI, and METS-IR, respectively, in combination with sex and age, can be used as a new and effective index to predict CAS.
Carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry across plant–soil system accounts for the degradation of multi-year alfalfa grassland
Authors: Wang Wei , Tian Tao , Li Meng-Ying , Wang Bao-Zhong , Mei Fu-Jian , Li Ji-Yuan , Wang Ning , Yang Yu-Miao , Zhang Qiang , Tao Hong-Yan , Zhu Li , Xiong You-Cai
Published: October 2024

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grassland is prone to degradation following multi-year maintenance. Yet, its mechanism regarding the stoichiometry of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) across plant–soil system is still unclear. To address this issue, the method of space-for-time sampling was employed to investigate alfalfa grasslands with five planting years (5-, 8-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year periods) in the semiarid Loess Plateau. The results showed that the alfalfa above- and underground biomass decreased steadily decrease after the fifth to eighth years, showing a degradation tendency with the extension of planting duration. The mean weight diameter of aggregate registered an increase with planting years. However, the C and N stocks decreased with planting years in five soil aggregate fractions. Specifically, they were the highest in the fifth year and then started to gradually decrease along the 8th, 10th, 15th, and 20th year. Redundancy and correlation analysis confirmed that the C and N stocks of soil aggregates were closely positively associated with those of plant. Overall, the highest stability of soil physical structure was found during the period from the fifth to eighth year, and, afterward, the stability declined. In conclusion, alfalfa plantation improved soil structure stability but aggravated soil C and N stocks, and biomass and soil aggregate indicators accounted for alfalfa field degradation after a certain year of plantation.
Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: further examining and validating an English language version of the work-related basic need satisfaction scale
Authors: Tiffin Paul A. , Cabrera Ray , Dexter-Smith Sarah , Van den Broeck Anja
Published: October 2024

Self-Determination Theory (SDT) maintains that the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness is associated with optimal individual functioning, including in the workplace. A self-report instrument, the Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction scale (W-BNS), has previously been developed and validated in Dutch and Italian. We aimed to validate an English version of the W-BNS. We also evaluated a bifactor model to assess the extent to which the item responses could be explained by a single, underlying general latent trait. A Rasch calibration was also carried out to assess the extent to which the scores conformed to the assumptions of ‘fundamental measurement’ and could be converted to a common metric. We used data from 141 staff employed by a large UK-based mental health service provider. The postulated three-factor structure provided a good fit to the data. However, a bifactor model, introducing an underlying general factor, provided a superior fit. The items generally conformed to the Rasch measurement model. Evidence of convergent/divergent validity was observed via the correlations between the W-BNS scores and those for the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNFS). Regarding construct validity, both the separate needs and total W-BNS scores statistically significantly predicted an individual’s reported intention to leave the current employer. Our findings foster research with the WBNS and have implications for how the W-BNS is optimally implemented in practice as a useful brief tool for assessing staff work-related need satisfaction.
Developing a specific model to exploring the determinant of individuals’ attitude toward forest conservation
Authors: Maleknia Rahim , Azizi Reza , Hălălișan Aureliu Florin
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In the context of forest conservation, individuals’ attitude can significantly influence their intentions and subsequent behaviors towards conserving forests. However, there is a research gap when it comes to understanding the determinants of individuals’ attitude towards forests conservation. To address this gap, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of variables associated with values from value-belief-norm theory, awareness of consequences, and ascription of responsibility from norm activation model on individuals’ attitudes as main determinant of behavior intention.

Methods

The Data of study was collected from a sample of 200 students from Behbahan University, Iran. through a questionnaire designed specifically for this purpose. The validity and reliability of questionnaire were confirmed. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the collected data.

Results

The findings of the study revealed that the examined variables were able to describe 88.6% of the variance in individuals’ attitude towards forest conservation. Specifically, it was found that biospheric (ƛ= 0.097) and altruistic (ƛ= 0.385) values, ascription of responsibility (ƛ= 0.150), and awareness of consequences (ƛ= 0.380) had significant and positive effects on individuals’ attitude towards forest conservation. On the other hand, egoistic values exhibited a significant and negative impact (ƛ= –0.071) on individuals’ attitude.

Discussion

These research findings hold significant implications for planners and policymakers involved in forest conservation efforts. By understanding the factors that shape individuals’ conservation attitudes, decision-makers can develop targeted strategies and interventions to strengthen positive attitudes towards forest conservation. Given the positive influence of biospheric values and awareness of consequences, developing awareness-raising programs to enhance individuals’ environmental knowledge and the awareness of outcomes of their conservation actions can be considered as strategy to strengthen public’s attitude and improvement their participation in forest conservation projects.
Mental health impairment and recovery after a road traffic injury: where do we stand in Europe?
Authors: Papadakaki M. , Strukcinskiene B. , Alves T. , Lund J.
Published: October 2024

Individuals sustaining road traffic injuries (RTIs) have been shown to run an increased risk of impaired mental health over time and delayed recovery. It is often the case that mental health symptoms get less clinical attention among individuals sustaining RTIs and therefore psychological support tends to be delayed. Effective management of these aspects in a clinical setting is still challenging in Europe due to health systems’ unpreparedness to predict the risk of poor mental health outcomes among survivors and appropriately intervene. Although a considerable amount of research is available in Australia, Canada and the US, the problem is still under-investigated in Europe. This paper reports on a review of the literature, which aims at identifying and presenting the latest research on the predisposing risk factors of poor mental health recovery among individuals sustaining an RTI in Europe. The review identified a huge mental health burden remaining long after the road traffic incident and a complex interplay of factors affecting mental health recovery after an RTI. Several challenges have been identified including the lack of a consistent definition for mental health recovery, the use of heterogeneous instruments and non-consistent epidemiological approaches and the lack of data collection mechanisms in Europe to capture the true impact of injuries. The paper concludes that existing efforts to fully understand the mental health outcomes of RTI patients remain inconsistent in Europe and offers evidence-based solutions to guide public health research and policy.
Systematic analysis and prediction of the burden of lower respiratory tract infections attribute to non-optimal temperature, 1990–2019
Authors: Shi Yu , Zhang Liping , Wu Di , Yilihamu Yilipa , Wang Lei
Published: October 2024

Background

Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) remain one of the most deadly infectious diseases in the world, and non-optimal temperature is a risk factor for LRIs. The aim of this study was to analyze the global burden of LRI attribute to non-optimal temperature and its trends from 1990 to 2019, and to project long-term trends.

Methods

Excerpts from the release of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, which analyses the burden of lower respiratory infections due to non-optimal temperatures from 1990 to 2019 using data on deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs); explores differences across regions, populations and seasons, and projects future trends in burden.

Results

Between 1990 and 2019, there is a significant downward trend in the global burden of deaths and DALYs, but it remains high in infants and young children, the older adult, African countries and LOW SDI regions. Differences in geographical risk factors and economic levels lead to heterogeneous disease burdens across regions. In 2019, low SDI regions will have the highest burden, but high SDI regions will have the highest number of deaths. In addition, increasing SDI values were associated with decreasing trends in age-standardized mortality rates and disability-adjusted life years. BAPC model projections suggest a downward trend in the future burden of death and DALYs from the disease, but the improvement in the burden of death for women was not significant.

Conclusion

Our study comprehensively elucidates the distribution and dynamic trends in the burden of lower respiratory tract infections due to non-optimal temperatures from 1990 to 2019 along multiple dimensions. The burden of deaths and DALYs showed an overall decreasing trend, but the improvement was uneven in different regions. In addition, the results suggest that efforts should be made to reduce lower respiratory health losses in infants, young children, and older adult populations. Effective public health policies and interventions to reduce the burden of lower respiratory tract infections should be sustained globally.
Remote science at sea with remotely operated vehicles
Authors: Mirmalek Zara , Raineault Nicole A.
Published: October 2024

Conducting sea-going ocean science no longer needs to be limited to the number of berths on a ship given that telecommunications, computing, and networking technologies onboard ships have become familiar mechanisms for expanding scientists’ reach from onshore. The oceanographic community routinely works with remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and pilots to access real-time video and data from the deep sea, while onboard a ship. The extension of using an ROV and its host vessel’s live-streaming capabilities has been popularized for almost 3 decades as a telepresence technology. Telepresence-enabled vessels with ROVs have been employed for science, education, and outreach, giving a greater number of communities viewing access to ocean science. However, the slower development of technologies and social processes enabling sustained real-time involvement between scientists on-ship and onshore undermines the potential for broader access, which limits the possibility of increasing inclusivity and discoveries through a diversity of knowledge and capabilities. This article reviews ocean scientists’ use of telepresence for ROV-based deep-sea research and funded studies of telepresence capabilities. The authors summarize these studies findings and conditions that lead to defining the use of telepresence-enabled vessels for “remote science at sea.” Authors define remote science at sea as a type of ocean expedition, an additional capability, not a replacement for all practices by which scientists conduct ocean research. Remote science for ocean research is an expedition at-sea directed by a distributed science team working together from at least two locations (on-ship and onshore) to complete their science objectives for which primary data is acquired by robotic technologies, with connectivity supported by a high-bandwidth satellite and the telepresence-enabled ship’s technologies to support the science team actively engaged before, during, and after dives across worksites. The growth of productive ocean expeditions with remote science is met with social, technical, and logistical challenges that impede the ability of remote scientists to succeed. In this article, authors review telepresence-enabled ocean science, define and situate the adjoined model of remote science at sea, and some infrastructural, technological and social considerations for conducting and further developing remote science at sea.
Kyasanur Forest Disease: An Epidemiological Investigation and Case-Control Study in Shivamogga, Karnataka, India-2022
Authors: Vedachalam Srividya K. , Rajput Bhavesh L. , Choudhary Sushma , Narayanaswamy Darshan , Chandra Sharath , D. M. Pallavi , Rajagopal Padma M. , Dikid Tanzin
Published: October 2024

Objective

Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a viral zoonosis reported from Karnataka, India. We investigated cases in the Shivamogga district, Karnataka, to describe the epidemiology and identify risk factors in the affected block in 2022.

Methods

A case was defined as a laboratory-confirmed KFD-positive resident of Shivamogga from 1 January-31 May 2022. We extracted the records of KFD cases from district surveillance. We conducted a 1:3 case-control study in the Thirthahalli block. We enrolled laboratory-confirmed KFD-positive Thirthahalli residents from January to May 2022 as cases, and residents without “fever with myalgia” as controls. We reported adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Shivamogga reported 35 cases, with a median age of 46 (4–75) years, of which 51% were men, and one death. Among 25 cases and 90 controls, knowledge of avoiding recent monkey death sites was low (cases = 0%, controls = 11%). Monkey death sites within 500 m [aOR = 8.6 (1.8–41.9)] and household tick exposure [aOR = 3.7 (1.3–10.7)] were independent risk factors.

Conclusion

This was a laboratory-confirmed cluster of KFD cases in Thirthahalli, with residence near a monkey death site and household tick exposure considered significant risk factors. We recommend evaluating monkey carcass disposal procedures and increasing awareness of tick protective measures.
Development and Validation of the Defending Behavior Scale of Cyberbullying for Adolescents
Authors: Chen Hong , Chen Chuan , Li Yunduan , Fan Cuiying
Published: October 2024

In the context of cyberbullying, bystanders engage in a diverse array of defending behaviors, employing a range of strategies tailored to the specific forms of bullying they encounter. These defending behaviors have been demonstrated to effectively mitigate the adverse effects of cyberbullying on victims. This study involved the development of the defending behavior scale of cyberbullying for adolescents and a subsequent assessment of the scale’s reliability and validity. Firstly, the structure of defending behavior was explored based on the results of in-depth interviews and previous studies in the literature. The defending behavior scale of cyberbullying for adolescents was then developed, and 550 middle school students were selected for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Secondly, 526 middle school students were selected for a series of reliability and validity analyses, including tests of convergent validity, discriminant validity, and structural validity, to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. The final version of the scale comprises 24 items distributed across four dimensions: emotional support, reporting authority, aggressive defending, and problem-solving. The four factors collectively account for 66.26% of the total variance. The internal consistency coefficient α of the scale was 0.92, with the internal consistency coefficients α of the dimensions being 0.88, 0.92, 0.92, 0.92, and 0.87, respectively. The scale demonstrated good convergent validity, discriminant validity, structural validity, and criterion validity. Finally, the scale has measurement equivalence across genders. The defending behavior scale of cyberbullying for adolescents was demonstrated to possess good reliability and validity, to meet the requirements of psychometrics, and to be suitable for use in measuring defending behavior in adolescent cyberbullying.
‘Between Inner Strength and Fighting Prejudice’: Psycho-Social Processes Implemented by Women with Leukemia Along the Illness Trajectory: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Artioli Giovanna , Taffurelli Chiara , Camacho Victoria Cervantes , Botti Stefano , Lupo Roberto , Conte Luana , Ferri Paola , Bonacaro Antonio
Published: October 2024

Background: Disease trajectories in leukemia are often unpredictable and recurrent, and patients’ experiences can impact their quality of life. Studies in the literature often do not explore gender-related illness experiences from an intersectional approach and throughout the illness trajectory. This comprehensive study aims to explore the full spectrum of experiences lived by women with leukemia throughout the disease trajectory, from diagnosis to treatments and post-stem cell transplant follow-up. Method: A grounded theory approach was meticulously developed to analyze semi-structured interviews with 13 women with leukemia in the post-transplant follow-up phase at a hospital in Northern Italy. The data analysis was an iterative process, conducted concurrently using a constant comparative method. Data collection concluded when data saturation was reached. Results: The core category identified is women’s inner strength during the disease trajectory, which was identified for its recurrence and cross-cutting nature, according to the women. This core category interconnects with five main categories: 1. Facing the disease: Between resistance and surrender. 2. Living for today and moving forward. 3. Unexpected elements in relationships. 4. Changes that shape women. 5. Demystifying the body and embracing ‘diminished beauty’. Conclusions: An explanatory model of the disease trajectory of women with leukemia was defined as: ‘Women with leukemia, between inner strength and fighting prejudice’. An in-depth analysis of the disease experiences revealed aspects that are not easily understood through a purely biological perspective of gender differences, often overlooking the psycho-social and relational peculiarities of women.
Recurrence Multilinear Regression Technique for Improving Accuracy of Energy Prediction in Power Systems
Authors: Sias Quota Alief , Gantassi Rahma , Choi Yonghoon , Bae Jeong Hwan
Published: October 2024

This paper demonstrates how artificial intelligence can be implemented in order to predict the energy needs of daily households using both multilinear regression (MLR) and single linear regression (SLR) methods. As a basic implementation, the SLR makes use of one input variable, which is the total amount of energy generated as an input. The MLR implementation involves multiple input variables being taken from various energy sources, including gas, coal, geothermal, wind, water, biomass, oil, etc. All of these variables are derived from detailed energy production data from the various energy sources. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to analyze energy demand and supply directly together as a way to produce a more in-depth analysis. By analyzing energy production data from previous periods of time, a prediction of energy demand can be made. Compared to the SLR implementation, the MLR implementation is found to perform better because it is able to achieve a smaller error value. Furthermore, the forecasting pattern is carried out sequentially based on a periodic pattern, so this paper calls this method the recurrence multilinear regression (RMLR) method. This paper also creates a pre-clustering using the K-Means algorithm before the energy prediction to improve accuracy. Other models such as exponential GPR, sequential XGBoost, and seq2seq LSTM are used for comparison. The prediction results are evaluated by calculating the MAE, RMSE, MAPE, MAPA, and time execution for all models. The simulation results show that the fastest and best model that obtains the smallest error (3.4%) is the RMLR clustered using a weekly pattern period.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liberona Andrés , Jones Natalia , Zúñiga Karen , Candia Garrido Verónica , Zelada Mario , Silva Hernán , Nieto Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potential biomarker of response to treatment in psychiatric disorders. As it plays a role in the pathophysiological development of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it is of interest to study its role in predicting therapeutic responses in both conditions. We carried out a systematic review of the literature, looking for differences in baseline BDNF levels and the Val66Met BDNF polymorphism in these disorders between responders and non-responders, and found information showing that the Val/Val genotype and higher baseline BDNF levels may be present in patients that respond successfully to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. However, there is still limited evidence to support the role of the Val66Met polymorphism and baseline BDNF levels as predictors of treatment response.
Natural Products and Their Neuroprotective Effects in Degenerative Brain Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Lim Dong Wook , Lee Jung-Eun , Lee Changho , Kim Yun Tai
Published: October 2024

As the global population ages, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s is rapidly rising. These diseases present a significant public health challenge, as they severely impair cognitive and motor functions, ultimately leading to a substantial reduction in quality of life and placing a heavy burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Although several therapeutic agents have been developed to manage the symptoms of these diseases, their effectiveness is often limited, and there remains an urgent need for preventive strategies. Growing evidence indicates that bioactive compounds from natural products possess neuroprotective properties through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, modulating key pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B–cAMP response element-binding protein (BDNF-TrkB-CREB), which are crucial for neuronal survival. These compounds may also reduce amyloid-beta and tau pathology, as well as enhance cholinergic neurotransmission by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity. By targeting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration, natural products offer a promising approach for both prevention and treatment. These findings suggest that natural products may be promising for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to explore the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, the limitations of current therapies, and the potential role of natural products as therapeutic agents.
Septic Hip Revision Arthroplasty—A Perioperative and Follow-Up Risk Analysis
Authors: Borkens Julius , Götze Christian , Migliorini Filippo , Sönmez Cueneyt , Koettnitz Julian
Published: October 2024

Background: Septic hip revision arthroplasty is a complex procedure associated with significant perioperative risks. This study aimed to analyze perioperative and follow-up risk factors in patients undergoing septic hip revision arthroplasty. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 96 patients who underwent septic revision total hip arthroplasty between 2018 and 2021 at a university hospital. Demographic data, surgical details, pathogen analyses, and complication data were collected and analyzed. The first and second hospitalizations were investigated. Data analyses were conducted with SPSS Version 29.0. Results: The mean age of patients was 69.06 ± 11.56 years, with 59.4% being female. On average, 1.3 ± 0.8 pathogens were detected per patient. Staphylococcus species were the most common pathogens. Women experienced significantly more complications during the first revision hospitalization (p = 0.010), including more surgical (p = 0.022) and systemic complications (p = 0.001). Anemia requiring transfusion was more common in women (70.1% vs. 43.5%, p = 0.012). A higher BMI was associated with a higher count of pathogens (p = 0.019). The number of pathogens correlated with increased wound healing disorders (p < 0.001) and the need for further revision surgeries (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study identifies gender as a significant risk factor for complications in septic hip revision arthroplasty. Female patients may require more intensive perioperative management to mitigate risks. The findings underscore the need for personalized approaches in managing these complex cases to improve outcomes.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in Pancreatic Surgery: The Surgeon’s Point of View
Authors: Longo Fabio , Panza Edoardo , Rocca Lorenzo , Biffoni Beatrice , Lucinato Chiara , Cintoni Marco , Mele Maria Cristina , Papa Valerio , Fiorillo Claudio , Quero Giuseppe , De Sio Davide , Menghi Roberta , Alfieri Sergio , Langellotti Lodovica
Published: October 2024

Pancreatic surgery is complex and associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality compared to other abdominal surgeries. Over the past decade, the introduction of new technologies, such as minimally invasive approaches, improvements in multimodal treatments, advancements in anesthesia and perioperative care, and better management of complications, have collectively improved patient outcomes after pancreatic surgery. In particular, the adoption of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) recommendations has reduced hospital stays and improved recovery times, as well as post-operative outcomes. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the surgeon’s perspective on the ERAS program for pancreatic surgery, with a focus on its potential advantages for perioperative functional recovery outcomes.
Utilization of Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Pulmonary Rehabilitation for a Patient with Ambulatory Dysfunction Post-Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report
Authors: Lee June Sung , Ahn Jung Hoon , Lee Jang Woo , Baek Chang Yoon
Published: October 2024

Background: Severe COVID-19 can lead to a decline in pulmonary and physical functions simultaneously. Patients experiencing significant ambulatory dysfunction often face restrictions in participating in gait training, resulting in insufficient benefits from cardiopulmonary rehabilitation. This underscores the need for tailored rehabilitation approaches that address their specific conditions. Method: This study presents a case examining the impact of combining pulmonary rehabilitation with robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) on pulmonary and physical functions in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. A 56-year-old male patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia exhibited impaired pulmonary function, reduced lower extremity strength, compromised balance, and significant limitations in functional ambulation. He underwent an inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program combined with RAGT for 5 weeks, participating in 30 min RAGT sessions a total of 22 times. The patient showed improvements in his pulmonary function, lower extremity strength, balance, exercise capacity, and functional mobility, along with a reduction in symptoms such as dyspnea and fatigue. Conclusions: The combination of RAGT with pulmonary rehabilitation is a treatment method that can be applied without complications and has the potential to improve pulmonary and physical functions in patients with ambulatory dysfunction due to COVID-19.
Welcome to Modern Mathematical Physics: A Note from the Editorial Office
Authors: Li Lin
Published: October 2024

On 6 June 2024, we had the privilege of visiting Professor Chang-Pu Sun at the China Academy of Engineering Physics [...]
Renal Health Through Medicine–Food Homology: A Comprehensive Review of Botanical Micronutrients and Their Mechanisms
Authors: Zhao Yi , Song Jian-Ye , Feng Ru , Hu Jia-Chun , Xu Hui , Ye Meng-Liang , Jiang Jian-Dong , Chen Li-Meng , Wang Yan
Published: October 2024

Background: As an ancient concept and practice, “food as medicine” or “medicine–food homology” is receiving more and more attention these days. It is a tradition in many regions to intake medicinal herbal food for potential health benefits to various organs and systems including the kidney. Kidney diseases usually lack targeted therapy and face irreversible loss of function, leading to dialysis dependence. As the most important organ for endogenous metabolite and exogenous nutrient excretion, the status of the kidney could be closely related to daily diet. Therefore, medicinal herbal food rich in antioxidative, anti-inflammation micronutrients are ideal supplements for kidney protection. Recent studies have also discovered its impact on the “gut–kidney” axis. Methods: Here, we review and highlight the kidney-protective effects of botanicals with medicine–food homology including the most frequently used Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, concerning their micronutrients and mechanism, offering a basis and perspective for utilizing and exploring the key substances in medicinal herbal food to protect the kidney. Results: The index for medicine–food homology in China contains mostly botanicals while many of them are also consumed by people in other regions. Micronutrients including flavonoids, polysaccharides and others present powerful activities towards renal diseases. Conclusions: Botanicals with medicine–food homology are widely speeded over multiple regions and incorporating these natural compounds into dietary habits or as supplements shows promising future for renal health.
Tumour Heterogeneity and Disease Infiltration as Paradigms of Glioblastoma Treatment Resistance
Authors: Malhotra Pulkit , Rahman Ruman
Published: October 2024

Isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma, a Grade 4 malignant brain neoplasm, remains resistant to multimodal treatment, with a median survival of 16 months from diagnosis with no geographical bias. Despite increasing appreciation of intra-tumour genotypic variation and stem cell plasticity, such knowledge has yet to translate to efficacious molecular targeted therapies in this post-genomic era. Critically, the manifestation of molecular heterogeneity and stem cell biological process within clinically relevant infiltrative disease is little understood. Here, we review the interactions between neural plasticity, intra-tumour heterogeneity and residual infiltrative disease, and we draw upon antibiotic resistance as an insightful analogy to further explain tumour heterogeneity.
New Method for Tomato Disease Detection Based on Image Segmentation and Cycle-GAN Enhancement
Authors: Yu Anjun , Xiong Yonghua , Lv Zirong , Wang Peng , She Jinhua , Wei Longsheng
Published: October 2024

A major concern in data-driven deep learning (DL) is how to maximize the capability of a model for limited datasets. The lack of high-performance datasets limits intelligent agriculture development. Recent studies have shown that image enhancement techniques can alleviate the limitations of datasets on model performance. Existing image enhancement algorithms mainly perform in the same category and generate highly correlated samples. Directly using authentic images to expand the dataset, the environmental noise in the image will seriously affect the model’s accuracy. Hence, this paper designs an automatic leaf segmentation algorithm (AISG) based on the EISeg segmentation method, separating the leaf information with disease spot characteristics from the background noise in the picture. This algorithm enhances the network model’s ability to extract disease features. In addition, the Cycle-GAN network is used for minor sample data enhancement to realize cross-category image transformation. Then, MobileNet was trained by transfer learning on an enhanced dataset. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method achieves a classification accuracy of 98.61% for the ten types of tomato diseases, surpassing the performance of other existing methods. Our method is beneficial in solving the problems of low accuracy and insufficient training data in tomato disease detection. This method can also provide a reference for the detection of other types of plant diseases.
Evaluating Mobile LiDAR Intensity Data for Inventorying Durable Tape Pavement Markings
Authors: Brinster Gregory L. , Hodaei Mona , Eissa Aser M. , DeLoach Zach , Bruno Joseph E. , Habib Ayman , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: October 2024

Good visibility of lane markings is important for all road users, particularly autonomous vehicles. In general, nighttime retroreflectivity is one of the most challenging marking visibility characteristics for agencies to monitor and maintain, particularly in cold weather climates where agency snowplows remove retroreflective material during winter operations. Traditional surface-applied paint and glass beads typically only last one season in cold weather climates with routine snowplow activity. Recently, transportation agencies in cold weather climates have begun deploying improved recessed, durable pavement markings that can last several years and have very high retroreflective properties. Several dozen installations may occur in a state in any calendar year, presenting a challenge for states that need to program annual repainting of traditional waterborne paint lines, but not paint over the much more costly durable markings. This study reports on the utilization of mobile mapping LiDAR systems to classify and evaluate pavement markings along a 73-mile section of westbound I-74 in Indiana. LiDAR intensity data can be used to classify pavement markings as either tape or non-tape and then identify areas of tape markings that need maintenance. RGB images collected during LiDAR intensity data collection were used to validate the LiDAR classification. These techniques can be used by agencies to develop accurate pavement marking inventories to ensure that only painted lines (or segments with missing tape) are repainted during annual maintenance. Repeated tests can also track the marking intensity over time, allowing agencies to better understand material lifecycles.
Optimization and Evaluation of a Stand-Alone Hybrid System Consisting of Solar Panels, Biomass, Diesel Generator, and Battery Bank for Rural Communities
Authors: Lata-García Juan , Zamora Cedeño Néstor , Ampuño Gary , Jurado Francisco , Swarupa M. Lakshmi , Maliza Wellington
Published: October 2024

In a modern and globalized world, the advances in technology are rapid, especially in terms of energy generation through renewable sources, which is intended to mitigate global warming and reduce all the ravages that are currently occurring around the world. Photovoltaic and biomass generation sources are attractive for implementation due to the abundant energy resources they offer; however, the intermittency of these sources is a disadvantage when it comes to the needs of the load, decreasing the reliability of the system. Therefore, it is essential to use a backup and storage system such as a diesel generator and a battery bank to continuously supply the load demand. This work presents a case study to meet the energy needs of a community made up of 17 low-income homes on an island in the Gulf of Guayaquil in Ecuador. The optimization and economic evaluation of the hybrid system is achieved using specialized software, resulting in the optimized architecture of the renewable energy system based on the available resources of the locality. The architecture is made up of a 22 kW photovoltaic generator and a 1.5 kW biomass generator, while the diesel generator is 12 kW, the battery bank is made up of 58 units of 111 Ah, and the dispatch strategy is load tracking. The results of the economic evaluation indicate that the total cost of the system (TNPC) is USD 96,033, the initial cost for the implementation of the system is USD 36,944, and the levelized cost of energy is USD 0.276, which makes it attractive for implementation. The importance of this research lies in its practical approach to solving electrification challenges in isolated and low-income communities through a hybrid renewable energy system. By demonstrating how intermittent sources like solar and biomass can be effectively combined with backup and storage systems, the study provides a reliable, economically viable, and implementable solution, addressing both the global need to mitigate climate change and the local need for accessible energy in vulnerable regions.
Parameter Estimation of Uncertain Differential Equations Driven by Threshold Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Process with Application to U.S. Treasury Rate Analysis
Authors: Li Anshui , Wang Jiajia , Zhou Lianlian
Published: October 2024

Uncertain differential equations, as an alternative to stochastic differential equations, have proved to be extremely powerful across various fields, especially in finance theory. The issue of parameter estimation for uncertain differential equations is the key step in mathematical modeling and simulation, which is very difficult, especially when the corresponding terms are driven by some complicated uncertain processes. In this paper, we propose the uncertainty counterpart of the threshold Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process in probability, named the uncertain threshold Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, filling the gaps of the corresponding research in uncertainty theory. We then explore the parameter estimation problem under different scenarios, including cases where certain parameters are known in advance while others remain unknown. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate our method proposed. We also apply the method to study the term structure of the U.S. Treasury rates over a specific period, which can be modeled by the uncertain threshold Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process mentioned in this paper. The paper concludes with brief remarks and possible future directions.
Analysis of Flow Loss Characteristics of a Multistage Pump Based on Entropy Production
Authors: Meng Qi , Li Guidong , Mao Jieyun , Zhao Danhua , Luo Yutong , Hou Tengfei
Published: October 2024

To reveal the internal flow loss characteristics of a multi-stage pump, the unsteady calculation of the internal flow field of a seven-stage centrifugal pump was carried out, and the entropy production theory and Q criterion were utilized to analyze the unsteady flow characteristics of each flow component under different flow rates. The research results show that as the flow rate increases, the entropy production value and the energy loss inside the flow components also increase accordingly. The viscous dissipation entropy production caused by fluid viscosity is very small, and the turbulent dissipation entropy production caused by turbulent fluctuations and wall dissipation entropy production are the main sources of energy loss. The impellers, diffusers, and outlet chamber are the main regions of energy loss in the multistage pump. The entropy production value of the first-stage impeller is significantly higher than that of other impellers, while the entropy production value of the first-stage diffuser is significantly lower than that of other diffusers. Through vortex structure analysis, it is found that the high entropy production regions in the impeller are concentrated in the impeller inlet area, the blade suction surface, and the impeller outlet area.
Contribution to the Study of Malagasy Orchids. XXXIX. Two New Species of Bulbophyllum from Madagascar
Authors: Verlynde Simon , Ramandimbisoa Brigitte , Fischer Gunter A. , Stévart Tariq
Published: October 2024

Two new species of Bulbophyllum Thouars, B. psittacinum Verlynde & Ramand. and B. vespertilioides Verlynde & Ramand. (Orchidaceae), are recognized and described. Both species are endemic to Madagascar and were found in the Ankerana forest, part of the Ankeniheny-Zahamena corridor (CAZ) protected area in the eastern escarpment forests. These two species belong to section Pantoblepharon Schltr.; B. psittacinum differs from the rest of the section by its conjoined lateral sepals and B. vespertilioides by its larger pseudobulbs, longer inflorescence, and number of flowers. Taxonomic treatments of both species with descriptions, illustrations, distribution, and habitat information as well as preliminary IUCN Red List assessments are provided.
Calculation of Macroscopic Effects of Quantum Gravity in General Static Isotropic Gravitational Fields
Authors: Lee Gang
Published: October 2024

In this paper we calculated the self-interaction of the gravitational field in coordinate space by approximate method, and find the functional relationship between gravitational source and distance and self-interaction of quantum gravity. The calculation result shows that the self-interaction of quantum gravity can explain the gravitational effects of dark matter. In the solar system, the self-interaction is extremely weak, but it is enough to explain the the Pioneer anomaly.