bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Advertising Context with Reference to Print Advertising
Authors: Usmani Asad Kareem , Alam Prof. (Dr.) Aftab
Published: May 2016

Advertising context refers to the surrounding or the environment within which an advertisement is found. Context in the case of print advertisement includes other advertisement of related or similar products, or of unrelated products, news contents, articles and editorial content etc. A consumer or the reader do not assess the advertisement alone but assesses it along with its context. Thus, it is important that the advertiser take into consideration the role of context and design and place the advertisement in such a way that there are no chances of misinterpretation of the advertisement. Paper tries to find out what influences can a context have on the interpretation of a accompanying advertisements and how can the context be favorably used to ensure that desired result is achieved from the advertisement.
Academic Satisfaction among Students A Case Study of Business Schools in Gr. Noida
Authors: Malik Priyanka , Akash  , Raisurana Vyom
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine satisfaction of students from academics while pursuing higher education in the field of business in India, focusing on a variety of service quality factors such as, teaching methodology, delivery and assessment, quality of study material, understandability etc. Study relies on finding the relationship between service quality variables and student satisfaction at an academic institution. The motive behind conducting this research is to analyze, how academics play a crucial role in affecting satisfaction level of students, catering students in Noida region.
Project Expectation Management – A Quality Approach to Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Mishra Karuna Devi , Sudarsanam Dr.
Published: May 2016

This paper investigates the current challenges faced by the project managers in creating realistic expectations of customers in dynamic changing project environment which are created by rapid introduction of new unknowns, as they progress. One might say they are more akin to packing boxes of frogs without a cover, setting each thing right before a new challenge is faced. The difficulties posed by these projects are identified and the literature is reviewed for suitable approaches. Why do projects fail and what more is critical to the success of project? All projects are conceived with a vision to satisfy certain needs of the business. Hence, the beneficiary of these needs become key stakeholder. Appropriate participation of this key stakeholder in steering the project ensures the success of the project. Also businesses are impacted by competition and changing market place resulting in skewed expectation management. Managing expectations enhances the success of the project immensely. Now, goal of the project plays a pivotal role and hence respecting it, is an important task, in project management. Project governance is an important aspect which needs to change according to the requirements and requires a dynamic approach rather than a ‘rule book approach’.
A Study on Investment Decision of Investors With Reference to Penetration of Mutual Funds in India
Authors: Gupta Ratish C , Mittal Dr. Manish
Published: May 2016

The Indian mutual fund industry is one of the fastest growing and most competitive segments of the financial sector. The extent of under-penetration in the market is a sore point with the financial services industry, with a large amount of savings being channelized into fixed deposits, gold and real estate rather than the capital markets. The mutual fund industry is yet to spread its reach beyond Tier I cities. The top fifteen cities contribute to 85% of the pie, with the remaining 15% distributed among other cities. The study seeks to determine the impact of decision making of investors on current situation of mutual fund industry.
Pharmaceutical Marketing & Product Promotion: A Paradigm Shift in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI)
Authors: Nandy Mithun , Pal Dr. Brajaballav
Published: May 2016

The Indian pharmaceuticals' market is third largest in terms of volume and thirteen largest in terms of value, as per a pharmaceuticals sector analysis report by equity master. The market is dominated majorly by branded generics which constitute nearly 70 to 80 per cent of the market. Considered to be a highly fragmented industry, consolidation has increasingly become an important feature of the Indian pharmaceutical market. India has achieved an eminent global position in pharma sector. Country also has a huge pool of scientists and engineers who have the potential to take the industry to a very high level. Indian pharmaceutical industry is estimated to grow at 20 per cent compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the next five years, as per India Ratings, a Fitch Group company. Indian pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities registered with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as on March 2014 was the highest at 523 for any country outside the US. In Indian Pharmaceutical Industry detailing has always been an integral part of doctors' communication for over the last three to four decades. All the Health Care Providers (HCPs) are struggling to manage their time schedule, the print communication gets poor attention with hardly 5-10% of the total message delivered at time. Many a times, the doctor says that he has seen the medical representative over and over again and asks the sales representative to just name the brand and/or leave samples and move on. All the cumulative hard work of the brand manager, marketing manager and the sales representative goes for a toss when the doctor does that. A major complaint of the field people, including managers, is that they cannot talk beyond the brand name and one or two points; just because they had a bad experience with the doctor not being receptive or not allowing them to speak more and the same has become a common phenomenon. With the advent of technology, video content, graphics, motion and interactivity, and newer digital tools are challenging this visual aid and redefining communication. This version of detailing adds an ‘e’ of electronic to it, making it completely different from the current mode of communication, where the electronic detailing aid is used by the medical representatives in person-to-person call. In this paper the researcher has given his endeavour to identify the key factors influencing adoption of e-detailing as a Pharmaceutical Marketing Communication by incorporating the views of Health Care Providers (HCPs) of India.
A Study of Customer Satisfaction on Services Provided by International Gemological Institute (IGI) Surat
Authors: Chaurasia Mr. Swapnil , Sengupta Ms. Indrani
Published: May 2016

Diamond industry, gems and jewelry sector, apart from being one of the fastest growing sectors in India is a major contributor to the GDP of the country. With an enormous market size and exceptional potential of expansion, the gem and jewelry sector is poised to become twice as huge as of now in coming five years. India accounts for 70-75 percent diamond exports of the world making it the largest cutting hub both in terms of value and employability. International Gemological Institute is the apex body in certifying gems and jewelry on the grounds such as authenticity, purity and alike is responsible for building confidence among the buyers as well as the seller community dealing in these rare gems and metals. The institute has a well webbed network of research laboratories in different parts of the world consisting of some of the prominent cities in India to carry out quality check and certification procedures. The paper reflects satisfaction level among the customers that avails the services provided by IGI that not only acts as certification of quality and authenticity but also as the prime element of trust among the trading group. The study has been conducted using a primary data collection tool and the data was collected from owners & staff of various firms who came for the authenticity evaluation of their diamonds, gems and jewelry, whose findings were later tested by chi square test and cross-tabulation. The findings give us an idea about the acceptance and rejections of various associations among the variables under study.
An Analysis on Recruitment and Selection Process of Agent adopted by Various Life Insurance Companies
Authors: Srivastava Rajesh , Shukla Dr. Sunil , Basma Dr. Puneet
Published: May 2016

In India, there is a throat cut competition in the market of life insurance that is why brand services adopt new strategies for sales. It can be said that people are much aware of the aspects of life insurance and also about the role and act of agent. That is why life insurance companies give more focus on recruitment process so that suitable candidate can be selected. Recruitment highlights each an applicant's skills, talent and experience. The recruitment activity done is the initial screening process, after which the prospective agents would have to undergo an intense training as well. They will have to clear a written exam as per the IRDA (Insurance Regulatory and Development authority) norms, before they get their license and begin selling policies. This paper is an attempt to find out the people who want to be agent and recruitment and the selection process adopted by the life insurance companies.
E Commerce — An Evolving Weapon amongst Business Strategists to Capture Blue Oceans in India
Authors: Pandey Palima
Published: May 2016

Modern approach defines e-commerce as creation and maintenance of web-based relations. It is about enabling retailers, brands and cataloguers to be more consumer-centric across channels. The Asia-Pacific region is proving to be the world's ecommerce market hub in 2015. Because of the growing influence of mobile-oriented search, more online marketplaces, consumer goods and F&B organizations are focusing on bettering their digital visibility. India is witnessing a huge upsurge in the growth figures of this industry. Today Corporate and business houses are facing immense problem of competition, changing customer's tastes and preferences and rising operating costs. Moreover, with the changing lifestyle, customers' demands are also changing. They are searching for easily accessible markets, apt information, greater services and a wide range of comparable items. E-Commerce may reduce many of the disadvantages associated with an isolated location by decreasing marketing, communication, and information costs and increasing access to lower cost suppliers and services. It also facilitates easy transactions between a company and its facilitating partners. E-Commerce may be involved in the design, finance, production, marketing, inventory, distribution, and service aspects of business activities. As such, the use of e-commerce by a firm has the potential to increase revenues from sales as well as significantly decrease costs through greater efficiencies of operation. It provides opportunities to companies to cater huge market segments and at the same time fulfill the emerging requirements of customers with greater ease. Indian e commerce market is in its nascent stage and is holding a good area of untapped markets. The paper presents careful evaluation of opportunities and threats present in the industry along with organisational capabilities essential for a player to exploit the opportunities emerging in the market. A big strategy carries several tactics behind it, which can only be implemented in the direction of environmental flow. Paper focuses on the role of e–commerce as emerging strategic platform for business houses to expand their presence with increased sales, lower cost and enhanced sustainability. Aggressive players smelling the demands of industry to join as a prospector but at the same time they have be aware of environmental changes and have to make experiments in the field.
Factors affecting the Sustainable Development of Tourism Sector in Uttarakhand
Authors: Mamgain Dr Pradeep
Published: May 2016

Tourism as an industry has evolved as one of the largest and lucrative industry in Indian economy. It is regarded as one of the most effective instrument for national integration and harmony. Thus, leading towards social transformation and upliftment of the rural poor. The success of the tourism sector is highly influenced by the supporting industries such as hotels, transportation, communication, banking and so on. Sustainable tourism takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, industry, environment and host communities. Importance of sustainable tourism is immense for poverty reduction, the protection of environment and preservation of cultural heritage. Various stakeholders of sustainable tourism in Uttarakhand call for increase in productivity and efficiency of existing land, water, flora and fauna resources in a planned manner without jeopardizing their future use. This paper primarily aims to enhance a common understanding and commitment about Sustainable Tourism, and to demonstrate how it is a vehicle to foster economic and social growth, through the achievement of development imperatives, while minimizing negative social, cultural and environmental impacts in the state of Uttarakhand. The conceptual paper comes to note that all of us have our own role to play in ensuring tourism as a catalyst for sustainable development.
Modelling flows in shallow (fluvial) lakes with prevailing circulations in the horizontal plane: limits of 2D compared to 3D models
Authors: Fenocchi Andrea , Petaccia Gabriella , Sibilla Stefano
Published: May 2016

The numerical modelling of circulations in shallow lakes is a relevant tool for all environmental applications in which flow advection processes are of interest, e.g. for studies on nutrients, microorganisms, pollutants and sediment dynamics. While three-dimensional (3D) models are needed to properly describe the flow fields of basins with the main circulations in the vertical plane, two-dimensional (2D) models are commonly deemed to yield adequate results for lakes with prevailing horizontal circulations. However, the depth-averaged approximation is more limiting for wind-driven flows than for gravity-driven ones, such as rivers, as the driving force is a surface rather than a volume one, distributed along the depth through turbulence. In this work, the effects of such inaccuracy on the reproduction of circulation layouts are evaluated through compared simulations between a 2D Shallow Water solver and a 3D Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes one. The models are first applied to a simple enclosed elliptical test basin and then to the real case of the Superior Lake of Mantua, a shallow fluvial lake in Northern Italy, thereby also investigating the influences of the interaction of wind with a riverine current and of a complex bathymetry on the compared results.
‘Everyone is exhausted and frustrated’: exploring psychosocial impacts of the lack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation in Usoma, Kenya
Authors: Bisung Elijah , Elliott Susan J.
Published: May 2016

The lack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation pose significant health challenges for many individuals and communities in low and middle-income countries. Aside from direct health issues, the lack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation is increasingly associated with psychosocial concerns that affect the wellbeing of individuals and communities. However, the nature of these concerns has received little attention in peer-reviewed literature. This paper draws on environmental stress and ecosocial theories to explore psychosocial concerns related to water and sanitation in Usoma, a lakeshore community in Western Kenya. The study used qualitative key informant interviews (n = 9) and focus group discussions (n = 10). Results reveal deep feelings of anxiety and frustration, embarrassment, negative identity, feelings of marginalization, and lack of self-efficacy. These stressors were a byproduct of daily lived experiences associated with lack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation, as well as the coping strategies people adopted. The paper suggests that benefits of water interventions transcend disease reduction to improved wellbeing through complex social pathways. The findings contribute to knowledge gaps within the water–health nexus and direct policy responses toward largely unexplored psychosocial concerns associated with water and sanitation.
Removal of boron from aqueous solution using cryptocrystalline magnesite
Authors: Masindi Vhahangwele , Gitari Mugera W.
Published: May 2016

The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of using cryptocrystalline magnesite to remove boron ions from aqueous systems. Batch experimental protocols were used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of magnesite for boron. Parameters optimized included: time, dosage, chemical species concentration and pH. Optimum conditions were observed to be 30 min of agitation, 1 g dosage of magnesite per 100 mL of aqueous solution and 20 mg/L initial boron concentration. Removal of boron from aqueous solution was observed to be independent of initial pH of the aqueous solution. The adsorption of boron onto magnesite was observed to fit better to pseudo-second-order kinetics than pseudo-first-order kinetics hence proving chemisorption. The intra-particle diffusion model revealed that the adsorption of boron from aqueous system occurs through multiple reaction phenomena. Adsorption isotherms proved that the removal of boron by magnesite fitted well to both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms hence proving that both mono- and multi-site adsorption processes are taking place. Under optimized conditions, magnesite was able to attenuate the boron concentration to <0.01 mg/L which is below levels stipulated in World Health Organization guidelines. It was concluded that this comparative study will be helpful for further application of magnesite in remediation of boron-contaminated aqueous systems.
Inclure des ressources délaissées
Authors: Ranjatoelina Tantely Jérémy , Zaoual Anne-Ryslène
Published: May 2016

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le courant de la théorie des ressources étendue et instruit empiriquement l’inclusion de ressources négativement perçues en l’appliquant au cas de ressources humaines. L’étude du cas Vitamine T, groupe emblématique de l’insertion par l’activité économique, met en lumière six ressources et compétences clés : une gouvernance hybride, des partenariats, un accompagnement social individuel, un institut de formation, un portefeuille d’activités diversifié et une compétence entrepreneuriale. Impliquant une capacité d’orchestration spécifique, l’inclusion de ressources humaines délaissées intervient à chaque niveau stratégique de l’organisation.
Literary Anthropology
Authors: Craith Máiréad Nic , Fournier Laurent Sebastian
Published: May 2016

This special issue on anthropology and literature invited proposals for
original contributions focusing on relationships between anthropology
and literature. We were especially interested in the following questions:
what role does literature play in anthropology? Can literature be considered
as ethnography? What are the relationships between anthropology
and literature, past and present? Are anthropology and
anthropological motives used in literature? We also looked for critical
readings of writers as anthropologists and critical readings of anthropologists
as writers. Moreover, we wanted to assess the influence of
literature on the invention of traditions, rituals and cultural performances.
All these different questions and topics are clearly connected
with the study of literacy, illiteracy and popular culture. They also lead
to questions regarding potential textual strategies for ethnography and
the possibilities of bringing together the field of anthropology (more
associated with the social sciences) and literary studies (traditionally
part of the humanities).
Flow stealing: A well-timed redirection attack
Authors: Kreitz Gunnar
Published: May 2016

In this work, we present a Flow Stealing attack, where a victim's browser is redirected in the middle of a browsing session. We detail two attack scenarios. The first is redirecting the victim's browser as it moves from a store to a payment provider, and the second redirects the victim to a phishing page, when she navigates to one of a set of target sites.

A key issue in flow stealing is correctly timing the redirect. The main way to accomplish this is to leverage a history detection attack to test whether the victim has visited a target. By repeatedly polling, an attacker learns when the victim navigates to a tested target page. With this application, we demonstrate that the impact of history detection is greater than previously known. Our primary history detection mechanism is a cache timing attack, measuring the time it takes to load an element to determine if it was served from the browser cache. This attack works with present browser versions.

We also discuss CSS history detection, based on detecting the styling of visited links, which has been solved in most browsers. Lastly, we also consider a network-based attacker who can mount a man-in-the-middle attack on the victim's network traffic.

We discuss several countermeasures against flow stealing. These include two new proposed policies on JavaScript window navigation which can be implemented by browser vendors. We also present mitigations which can be implemented by individual stores or payment providers.
Can Jannie verify? Usability of display-equipped RFID tags for security purposes
Authors: Kobsa Alfred , Nithyanand Rishab , Tsudik Gene , Uzun Ersin
Published: May 2016

The recent emergence of RFID tags capable of performing public key operations enables a number of new applications in commerce (e.g., RFID-enabled credit cards) and security (e.g., ePassports and access-control badges). While the use of public key cryptography in RFID tags mitigates many difficult security issues, certain important usability-related issues remain, particularly when RFID tags are used for financial transactions or bearer identification.

In this paper, we focus exclusively on techniques with user involvement for secure user-to-tag authentication, transaction verification, reader expiration and revocation checking, as well as pairing of RFID tags with other personal devices. Our approach is based on two factors: (1) recent advances in hardware and manufacturing have made it possible to mass-produce inexpensive passive display-equipped RFID tags, and (2) high-end RFID tags used in financial transactions or identification are attended by a human user (typically, their owner). Our techniques rely on user involvement coupled with on-tag displays to achieve better security and privacy. Since user acceptance is a crucial factor in this context, we conducted comprehensive user studies to assess usability of all considered methods. This paper reports on our findings.
Omega-3 fatty acids transport through the placenta
Authors: Islam Ariful , Kodama Takanori , Yamamoto Yui , Ebrahimi Majid , Miyazaki Hirofumi , Yasumoto Yuki , Kagawa Yoshiteru , Sawada Tomoo , Owada Yuji , Tokuda Nobuko
Published: May 2016

The placenta is a temporary vital organ for sustaining the development of the fetus throughout gestation. Although the fatty acid composition delivered to the fetus is largely determined by maternal circulating levels, the placenta preferentially transfers physiologically important long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), particularly omega-3 (n-3) FAs. The precise mechanisms governing these transfers were covered in a veil, but have started to be revealed gradually. Several evidences suggest fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs), placental specific membrane bound fatty acid binding proteins (pFABPpm) and fatty acid translocases (FAT/CD36) involved in LC-PUFAs uptake. Our studies have shown that the placental transfer of omega-3 FAs through the trophoblast cells is largely contributed by fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3). Recently there are considerable interests in the potential for dietary omega-3 FAs as a therapeutic intervention for fetal disorders. In fact, prenatal supply of omega-3 FAs is essential for brain and retinal development. Recent findings suggest a potential opportunity of omega-3 FA interventions to decrease the incidence of type 2 diabetes in future generations. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism of transportation of omega-3 FAs through the placenta and how omega-3 FAs deficiency/supplementation impact on fetal development.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 1-8
Evaluation of nutritive value and shelf life of strawberry genotypes
Authors: Chowhan Sushan , Roni Md Shyduzzaman , Ahmed Shaikh Shakib , Uddin Hanif , Hasan Md Mahmudul
Published: May 2016

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value and shelf life of five strawberry genotypes. It was found that under fresh condition the highest ascorbic acid (45.76 mg/100g) was obtained by Rabi-3 and the highest ?-carotene (15.09 IU/100g) by Festival. The maximum amount of reducing sugar (6.373 g/100g) and non-reducing sugar (2.947 g/100g) was recorded in Camarosa and Festival respectively. The maximum amount of calcium (0.480%) in BADC Strawberry, iron (93.50 ppm) in Rabi-3, phosphorus (0.081%) and potassium (0.854%) in BARI Strawberry-1 was recorded. Under different temperature and packaging conditions, polyethylene package at 40C proved to be superior to others in all respects. The highest shelf life (47.00 days) and ascorbic acid (42.76 mg/100g) after four days of storage was obtained by Camarosa in this condition; whereas the lowest shelf life (2.33 days) and ascorbic acid (10.12 mg/100g) was recorded in BADC Strawberry in plastic punnet package at 250C.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 19-26
Sero-surveillance and sero-monitoring of locally produced PPR vaccine in the field and experimental level
Authors: Kabir Md Ehsanul , Hossain Md Mokbul , Ershaduzzaman Md , Yousuf Md Abu , Islam Md Rafiqul
Published: May 2016

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious, economically important viral disease of goats with high morbidity and mortality. To control the disease effectively a live attenuated vaccine is available in Bangladesh which is produced by Livestock Research Institute (LRI), Mohakhali, Dhaka. The study was carried out to determine the immune status and immune response against PPR in field and experimental Black Bengal goats. Sero-surveillance of PPR was conducted by using c-ELISA in non-vaccinated 240 goats in Gazipur, Sirajgonj and Barisal. Out of the 240 goats tested, of which only 39 (20.31%) goats had positive level of PPR antibodies while 16.25% (13 out of 80 goats) in Gazipur, 28.75% (23 out of 80 goats) in Barisal and 3.75% ((3 out of 80 goats)) in Sirajgonj. In case of sero-monitoring of PPR, the result revealed that vaccinated goats from Rajshahi showed high positive result and have higher seroprevalence where 75% (60 out of 80 goats) were seropositive and only 25% (20 out of 80 goats) are seronegative. These result indicated that vaccinated Rajshahi goats is more resistant for PPR virus than non vaccinated goats. In experimentally to perform sero-monitoring, 10 seronegative goats were selected and divided into two equal groups (A and B).The immunization study against PPR with a commercial PPR vaccine was conducted on 5 goats of group A by inoculating @ 1.0 ml vaccine / animal subcutaneously and group B kept as non-vaccinated. The antibody titres against PPR in goats were determined at 0 day on vaccination and after 21DPV, 180DPV and 365DPV. The results found that 100% (5 out 5goats) seronegative in both vaccinated goats of group A and non-vaccinated goats of group B at 0 day on vaccination. The mean negative titres± SD were 79.285±13.921 and 76.707±9.265 in vaccinated group A and group B, respectively. The mean positive titers ±SD were 20.201±2.480, 8.630±4.970 and 11.382±1.419 at 21DPV, 180DPV an 365DPV, respectively in group A (100% seropositive). In case of non-vaccinated group B, the mean negative titres±SD were 74.258±7.793, 77.726±9.142 and 82.965±7.492 at 21DPV, 180DPV and 365DPV, respectively (100% seronegative). As it is observed, the antibody titres remain at the level over the period of time that indicates the immune response against PPR. From this finding, it is said that PPR vaccine could produce immune response in goats for about one year or 365 days.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 33-37
Effect of arsenic trioxide along with tannic acid, di-sodium hydrogen phosphate, alum and effects of sand-charcoal-iron-filter bed filtrated water along with alum on body weight and some hematological parameters in rabbit
Authors: Ahmed Shaifuddin , Siddiqui Md Saiful Islam , Islam Kamrul , Gani Mohammad Usman , Moonmoon Sharifunnessa , Rashid Md Harun Or , Awal Md Abdul
Published: May 2016

The effect of arsenic trioxide along with tannic acid, di-sodium hydrogen phosphate (DSHP), alum and effects of sand-charcoal-iron-filter (SCIF)-bed filtrated water along with alum on body weight and some hematological parameters were carried out on a total of 30 (01 month old) adult Newzealand white rabbits. The Rabbits were randomly divided in to 6 equal groups (A,B,C,D,E & F) at the ratio of three males and two females in each group, rats of group A was kept as control without giving any treatment, rabbits of group B received arsenic trioxide@100 ppm, group C received arsenic trioxide @ 100 ppm plus tannic acid @100 ppm, group D received arsenic trioxide @ 100 ppm plus di-sodium hydrogen phosphate @100 ppm, group E received arsenic trioxide @100 ppm plus alum @100 ppm orally daily for 60 days in all cases and group F received alum @100 ppm in SCIF-bed filtrated water orally daily for 60 days. The result showed that body weight gain of control group (A) per week per rabbit was found to increase but in treated group B (arsenic trioxide@100ppm orally daily) the mean body weight of group B were decreased gradually and significant (P<0.05) decrease in body weight was observed at 40 days of feeding and at day 60 it was highly significant (P<0.01). Rabbits of group C, D and E were apparently normal and mild body weight reductions were observed which was statistically insignificant. No body weight loss was observed in rabbit of group F. TEC, Hb and PCV were slightly reduced in group C, D, E and F but highly significant (P< 0.01) reduction of TEC, Hb and PCV were observed in group B. ESR values were slightly increased in group C, D, E and F but highly significant (P< 0.01) increased of ESR value was observed in group B. Leukocytosis was observed in rabbits of group B. In this study, it was concluded that treatment with arsenic oxide at low doses has harmful effects on experimental animals including hematological alterations.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 38-47
Effects of saline water on health status of pregnant women in coastal regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Rony Zohirul Islam , Khan Md Shafiqul Islam , Asgar Md Ali , Begum Musammet Rasheda , Kibria ASM Golam
Published: May 2016

Drinking water from natural sources in coastal region of Bangladesh has been contaminated by varying degrees of salinity which have detrimental effects on the health. Pregnancy itself is a crucial time for women and the salinity increases its vulnerability regarding the raising of blood pressure. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of saline water intake on the health status of pregnant women at Barguna and Patuakhali districts, Bangladesh. Sodium (Na) concentration in urine samples was analyzed and corresponding blood pressure was taken in the diagnostic laboratory. Descriptive statistical analysis showed that Na concentration, systolic and diastolic pressure (BP) was the highest in 2nd trimester followed by 3rd trimester and 1st trimester. Water intake and urine production were the highest in 3rd trimester and increased with age. Na concentration, systolic and diastolic pressure (bp) was the highest in 3rd parity followed by 2nd parity. Water intake and urine production did not very among parities. Correlation matrix express that sodium concentration has the significant association with the age and the highly significant association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In Logistic Regression Model, odds ratio (OR) estimate showed that women with systolic bp?120 had 1.109 times greater sodium concentration than with systolic blood pressure of <120 and, with diastolic bp ? 80 contain 1.064 times greater sodium concentration than with diastolic blood pressure of < 80.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 55-61
A surveillance study on dairy farmers selected in Baghabari milk pocket area of Bangladesh
Authors: Munsi Md Nuruzzaman , Talukder Md Azharul Islam , Rahman Md Zillur , Hemayet Md Abu
Published: May 2016

This study was carried out to reveal the animal agriculture status of the dairy farmers. The survey was conducted by random sampling on 100 dairy farmers (50 from Shahzadpur upazila and 50 from Bera upazila). A pretested questionnaire was developed and multiplied for data collection. The data collected were brought to the headquarters of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka for analysis. After analysis it was found that the education level of the farmers of Shahzadpur upazila was better than that of Bera upazila, where 74% farmers of Shahzadpur and 66% farmers of Bera were engaged in agriculture. The average annual income and expense of the farmers of Shahzadpur were greater than that of Bera. The average total land, cultivable land and total livestock population per farmer were also higher in Shahzadpur upazila than in Bera upazila. In case of diversity of different genotypes of dairy cattle, except Jersey cross the number of Pabna, Sindhi cross, Shahiwal cross and H-F cross was much greater in Shahzadpur than in Bera. Most of the farmers purchase concentrate feeds and produce roughages in both the locations, where feed scarcity was seen mostly during rainy season. About 56% farmers treat their cattle with the help of veterinary surgeon and 44% farmers provide treatment with the help of veterinary field assistant in Shahzadpur, while the scenery was almost opposite in Bera. About 90% farmers of Bera upazila and 95% of Shahzadpur upazila used anthelminitics to deworm their animals. Most of the farmers in both sites dewormed their cattle every three months. About 78% farmers of Shahzadpur and 76% of Bera vaccinated their animals. About 85% farmers of Shahzadpur had been found to properly dispose the carcasses, where as only 48% farmers had been found to do it in Bera. Almost all the farmers washed their hands, equipment and udders of the cows with clean water before milking in both Shahzadpur and Bera. Approximately, all the farmers of both the locations milked their cows twice a day, did not perform milk testing and sold the raw fresh milk to the cooperative societies. All farmers used cow dung as fuel. Overall, it was revealed that Shahzadpur upazila was more advanced than Bera upazila in almost all aspects of animal agriculture.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 62-66
Socio-economic condition of fishermen and intermediaries involved in marine fish marketing chain in Coxs Bazar area, Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan Md Khabirul , Runa Nusrat Sultana , Ghosh Subrata Kumar , Hasan Muhammad Mehedi , Kamal Md
Published: May 2016

Study was conducted to know the socio-economic condition of the fishermen and intermediaries of fish marketing chain in Coxs Bazar area, Bangladesh. Socio-economic condition of the fishermen and intermediaries were not so good in the study area. It was found that about 35% fishermen and intermediaries were illiterate, 16% fishermen and intermediaries were semiliterate who only could write their names. 55% household of the fishermen and intermediaries had tin shed house with tin wall. Average income for most of fishermen and intermediaries was about Tk. 400-500 and 66% were found to borrow money from different source for continuing their business. Poor road and transport facilities, lack of credit facilities, insufficient supply of ice, inadequate training facilities and large number of intermediaries in the chain were the main problems of the marine fish marketing chain. It is therefore necessary to provide institutional and organizational support, government support, extension service and training facilities to the market operators for sustainable fish marketing systems.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 67-73
Epidemic behavior of the etiological agent of infectious coryza in layer chicken of Bangladesh with isolation, identification and pathogenicity study
Authors: Akter Mir Rowshan , Khan Md Shahidur Rahman , Rahman Md Mostafizer , Kabir SM Lutful , Khan Md Abu Sayed
Published: May 2016

The present study was selected as infectious coryza is one of the major problems affecting poultry industry in the developing country like Bangladesh and the reports regarding infectious coryza are yet not be documented considering epidemiological investigation, proper isolation, identification and pathogenicity study. The epidemic behavior of the etiological agent of this disease were studied based on age, sex, breed, spatial and temporal differences after collection of samples suspected to be infected with infectious coryza in layer chicken of Bangladesh. The incidence rate of infectious coryza from field cases were recorded as per information received from farmers by using a structured questionnaire and also clinical signs and symptoms. The disease was very high in laying hen (18.38%) in Sylhet and growing birds (7.25%) in Khulna in comparing with prelaying stage (2.07%) also in Sylhet region of Bangladesh. In this study no significant differences was observed as their location variation except Sylhet (9.2%) in comparison with other areas (Rangpur  8.76%, Rajshahi -8.82%, Khulna - 8.83%, Dhaka  8.72 and Chittagong - 8.65% respectively) of Bangladesh but significant differences was observed as their age group. However, the incidence rate of this disease was found to be very high during winter (8.77%) in compare with summer (0.42%) season. Moreover, during investigation a total of 122 samples were collected from different areas of Bangladesh for the period of March 2011 to February 2014. The higher rate of incidence of A. paragallinarum was found in Sylhet (66.66%) and lowest in Dhaka (43.75%). The association of A. paragallinarum with different seasons revealed that higher incidence rate was found in winter season (52.26%) in comparison with summer season (1.85%). The suspected positive isolates were subjected to experimental pathogenicity study in natural host for there  isolation of A. paragallinarum was done as per Kotch postulates.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 82-94
Prevalence of poultry diseases in Gazipur district of Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Md Kamrul , Kabir Md Humayun , Hasan Md Abdullah Al , Sultana Shobnom , Khokon Md Shohidul Islam , Kabir SM Lutful
Published: May 2016

This study was designed with a view to investigate the prevalence of poultry diseases in Gazipur district of Bangladesh. A total of 679 poultry birds (313 layers, 338 broilers and 28 cockrels) either dead or live were brought for diagnosis of diseases at Gazipur Sadar Upazilla Veterinary Hospital. The diseases were diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical signs and post-mortem findings. The diseases encountered in layers were bacterial diseases 52.29% (salmonellosis 38.56%, colibacillosis 6.7%, fowl cholera 4.79% and necrotic enteritis 1.60%), viral diseases 23.95% (avian influenza 2.56%, Newcastle disease 16.61%, infectious bronchitis 3.19% and avian leucosis 0.64%), mycoplasmal disease (mycoplasmosis 14.70%) and protozoal disease (coccidiosis 5.75%). Salmonellosis was most prevalent disease in age group of >20 weeks, while Newcastle disease most common in 8 to 20 weeks of age group. In case of broiler, bacterial diseases 28.99% (salmonellosis 21.30% and colibacillosis 7.69%), viral diseases 53.24% (infectious bursal disease 28.99%, Newcastle disease 8.87% and infectious bronchitis 15.38%), mycoplasmal disease (mycoplasmosis 7.1%) and protozoal disease (coccidiosis 6.5%). In cockrels, the most prevalent disease was colibacillosis 35.71% followed by salmonellosis 28.57%, Newcastle disease 14.28% and mycoplasmosis14.28%. So among the diseases, salmonellosis is most prevalent disease followed by infectious bursal disease and mycoplasmosis in different kinds of poultry of Gazipur district of Bangladesh.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 107-112
Impact of wastewater irrigation on major nutrient status in soil near Bhaluka industrial area of Bangladesh
Authors: Zabir Abdullah Al , Zaman MW , Hossen Md Zakir , Uddin Md Nizam , Biswas Md Jamil Hossain , Asif Abdulla Al
Published: May 2016

The population increase has not only increased the fresh water demand but also increased the volume of wastewater generated. Treated or recycled wastewater (RWW) appears to be the only water resource that is increasing as other sources are dwindling. Increasing need for water has resulted in the emergence of domestic wastewater application for agriculture and its relative use. The present study was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2013 to evaluate the contribution of wastewater to major soil nutrients (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B and Na) and fluctuation in physicochemical properties of soil (soil pH and Ec) from waste carrying canal at 10 selected sites of Bhaluka Upazila. Three (3) soil samples were collected at 0, 30 and 60 m distances from the waste discharging canals. The pH, EC, N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B and Na in soil samples decreased gradually with the increase of distance from waste discharging canal. Maximum concentrations of N at 60 and 0m distance varied from 8400 to 9700, P from 1850 to 5000, K from 4600 to 6000, S from 2000 to 4000, Ca from 7500 to 28800, Mg from 7500 to 7800, B from 90 to 2800 and Na from 2300 to 3100 ?g g-1 in test soil.The results showed better nutrient status of the soil along waste discharge canals. The findings give applicable advice to commercial farmers and agricultural researchers for proper management and use of treated industrial wastewater for agricultural purpose.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 131-137
Prevalence of canine parvo virus and canine influenza virus infection in dogs in Dhaka, Mymensingh, Feni and Chittagong districts of Bangladesh
Authors: Sen Soumitra , Rahman Md Siddiqur , Nag Minakshi , Rahman Mohummad Muklesur , Sarker Roma Rani , Kabir SM Lutful
Published: May 2016

Canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine influenza virus (CIV) are highly contagious virus infecting members of the canine family including dogs, coyotes, foxes and wolves. The research work was carried out to determine the prevalence of CPV and CIV in dogs (stray and pet dogs) in Dhaka, Mymensingh, Feni and Chittagong Districts by using Rapigen CPV and CIV Ag test kit. Fecal samples were collected from 50 dogs of different age and sex from different spots of Dhaka and Chittagong District. Nasal fluid samples were collected from 50 dogs of different age and sex from different spots. The samples were tested with Rapigen canine parvovirus Ag test kit and Rapigen canine influenza Ag test kit. Overall prevalence of CPV in pet dogs was 22% and in stray dogs was 30%. The prevalence of canine parvovirus in relation to age was gradually decreasing with higher age group and the prevalence was 28% in 1-6 months age, 16.66% in 7-12 months age group 11.11%o ver 18 months age group. The prevalence of canine parvovirus was significantly higher in male (24.13%) than that in female (19.04%). All samples showed negative test result for canine influenza virus. Prevalence of canine influenza virus infection were 00.00% in all age groups and sex. Overall prevalence of CIV in all pet and stray dogs were 00.00%.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 138-142
Residency Program A new era in postgraduate medical education in Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiqui Md Tosaddeque Hossain
Published: May 2016

Abstract not availableJ. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 6(1): 1-2, 2015 (Jan)
Effectiveness of Dexamethasone compared with Prednisolone in Induction Therapy of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Hossain Tofazzal , Mannan MA , Nahar Shamsoon , Morshed AKM Amirul , Islam Shahnoor , Helaly Laila
Published: May 2016

Background: Corticosteroids are an essential component of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Prednisolone is the most commonly used steroid. There is increasing evidence that, even in equipotent dosage for glucocorticoid effect, dexamethasone has enhanced lymphoblast cytotoxicity and penetration of central nervous system compared with prednisolone.Objectives: To determine the effect of dexamethasone and prednisolone and to compare them in induction therapy of ALL in Children.Material & Methods: A total of 60 newly diagnosed cases of ALL confirmed by bone marrow study, children of either sex with age >1 year were included in this study. Variables studied were age, sex, presenting features, neutrophil count, blast cell count, platelet count, bone marrow status at diagnosis, on D15 & D29 of induction and side effects.Results: Mean age of the patients of group A was 6.28 years & that of group B was 7.2 years. Out of all patients of group A 19 (63.3%) were male and 11 (36.7%) were female. In group B 21 (70.0%) patients were male and rests 9 (30.3%) were female. No statistically significant difference was observed in both groups in terms of age, sex & presenting features. After induction significant difference was observed in liver & spleen size at day 7 and day 15. All patients of both groups had M3 marrow status at diagnosis. Overall, in group A 93.3% patients achieved M1 marrow status (fewer than 5% blasts) and 6.7% had M2 marrow status (5-25% blasts) at day 15 of induction. On the other side 66.7% patients of group B achieved M1 status and 33.3% M2 status at day 15. Statistically significant difference was observed between groups on day 15 in term of achieved marrow status (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between groups in term of infection in difference days of induction. On day 16 of induction maximum incidence of infection was observed in both groups.Conclusion: Dexamethasone may be an effective alternative option to prednisolone for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 6(1): 3-9, 2015 (Jan)
Constipation in Children
Authors: Hasina Kaniz
Published: May 2016

Abstract not availableJ. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 6(1): 20-23, 2015 (Jan)
Combined MACE & Mitrofanoff Procedure for Total Neurogenic Feco-urinary Incontinence  A Case Report
Authors: Islam KM Didarul , Amin Md Ruhul , Oliullah Abu Saleh Md , Basher AKM Khairul , Biswas Amitava , Islam Nazrul
Published: May 2016

Intractable fecal and urinary incontinence, often associated with myelomeningocele (MMC), usually prevents children from achieving physical and social independence. The Malone Antegrade Continence Enema (MACE) procedure, often performed in conjunction with a Mitrofanoff procedure to gain fecal & urinary continence, can help these patients to attain a better quality of life. In patients, who underwent the combined Mitrofanoff and MACE procedures simultaneously, the success rate is- 83% satisfactory for both bowel & urinary continence. With this procedure we report here, for the first time in Bangladesh, to the best of our knowledge, an association between two previously described techniques (the Mitrofanoff principle and MACE), that can solve the problem of dual incontinence in children with MMC. The case involved a 14 years old boy with total neurogenic feco-urinary incontinence following excision & repair of MMC at the age of 4 months. After the surgery, the boy is continent with normal renalfunction.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 6(1): 28-31, 2015 (Jan)