bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More Than Just Skill: Examining Mathematics Identities, Racialized Narratives, and Remediation Among Black Undergraduates
Authors: Larnell Gregory V.
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to shed light on the mathematics-learning experiences of students who were enrolled in non-credit-bearing remedial mathematics courses at a 4-year university. Non-credit-bearing remedial mathematics courses have a long curricular history in both 2-year and 4-year higher education institutions, but students' mathematics-learning experiences in these courses have been largely unexplored. Furthermore, other recent studies have evinced the otherwise anecdotal supposition that African American learners, particularly, are disproportionately placed in these courses. In this study, students' narratives are the primary unit of analysis, and the data are derived from semistructured interviews with then-enrolled students and observations in a noncredit-bearing remedial mathematics course at a public, 4-year university. The study's findings center on two psychosocial phenomena amid these students' mathematicslearning experiences: identity satisficing and racialized identity threat. The article closes with implications for future research regarding both non-credit-bearing remedial mathematics courses and mathematics-learning identities and experiences.
El turismo solidario como instrumento de desarrollo: un estudio de caso para analizar las principales motivaciones de los turistas solidarios
Authors: Fuentes-Moraleda Laura , Muñoz-Mazón Ana , Rodríguez-Izquierdo Sara
Published: May 2016

Este estudio se centra en el concepto y evolución del turismo solidario así como en las motivaciones del turista que lo realiza. Tras la revisión de la literatura y basado en un estudio cuantitativo de la cartera de clientes de una ONG española especializada en viajes solidarios, se concluye que la interactuación con otras culturas y el enriquecimiento personal son dos de las principales motivaciones de este tipo de viajero. Los resultados del estudio presentan algunas orientaciones para que las comunidades adapten su oferta actual hacia una mayor integración con el viajero.
Recuperación del pasado obrero e industrial del barrio de Patraix como oferta al turismo urbano de la ciudad de Valencia
Authors: Temes Cordovez Rafael
Published: May 2016

En este trabajo tratamos de profundiza sobre el valor y la oportunidad que supone hoy, para un turismo cultural y urbano creciente en la ciudad de Valencia, la lectura con perspectiva histórica, de la forma del territorio como anticipación de la ciudad construida. En concreto, los usos industriales que a finales del XIX y principios del XX fueron expulsados de la ciudad intramuros, hoy se sitúan en lugares estratégicos para interpretar la forma urbana actual de muchos barrios. El caso concreto del barrio de Patraix, con un paisaje cultural propio vinculado con la industria urbana y la vivienda obrera, se analiza para establecer dos itinerarios urbanos que fomenten el turismo interesado en el patrimonio industrial.
Neighbour murders in Rwanda and Poland: what mutilated bodies and killing methods tell us about historical imaginaries and imaginaries of hatred
Authors: NDiaye Sidi
Published: May 2016

This article describes the brutalisation of the bodies of Tutsi and Jewish victims in
1994 and during the Second World War, respectively, and contrasts the procedures adopted
by killers to understand what these deadly practices say about the imaginaries at work in
Rwanda and Poland. Dealing with the infernalisation of the body, which eventually becomes
a form of physical control, this comparative work examines the development of groups and
communities of killers in their particular social and historical context. Different
sources are used, such as academic works, reports from victims organisations and
non-governmental organisations, books, testimonies and film documentaries.
Microbial ecogenomics and forensic archaeology: new methods for investigating clandestine gravesites
Authors: Ralebitso-Senior T.K. , Thompson T.J.U. , Carney H.E.
Published: May 2016

In the mid-1990s, the crime scene toolkit was revolutionised by the introduction of
DNA-based analyses such as the polymerase chain reaction, low copy number DNA analysis,
short-tandem repeat typing, pulse-field gel electrophoresis and variable number tandem
repeat. Since then, methodological advances in other disciplines, especially molecular
microbial ecology, can now be adapted for cutting-edge applications in forensic contexts.
Despite several studies and discussions, there is, however, currently very little evidence
of these techniques adoption at the contemporary crime scene. Consequently, this article
discusses some of the popular omics and their current and potential exploitations in the
forensic ecogenomics of body decomposition in a crime scene. Thus, together with published
supportive findings and discourse, knowledge gaps are identified. These then justify the
need for more comprehensive, directed, concerted and global research towards
state-of-the-art microecophysiology method application and/or adaptation for subsequent
successful exploitations in this additional context of microbial forensics.
Avaliação da relação velocidade-precisão em função do nível de dificuldade no transtorno de Asperger
Authors: Silva Deise Mara Mota , Ribeiro Denise Cardoso , Rezende Gilda Pena de , Silva Talita Dias da , Monteiro Carlos Bandeira De Mello , Trevizan Isabela Lopes , Wajnsztejn Alessandra Bernardes Caturani , Massetti Thais
Published: May 2016

Introdução: O Transtorno de Asperger (TA) é considerado um distúrbio do neurodesenvolvimento, caracterizado por deficiências sociais, dificuldade de comunicação, padrões restritos e repetitivos de comportamento. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho motor na realização de tarefa computacional com base na relação velocidade e precisão, entre pessoas com desenvolvimento típico e com TA, por meio do tempo de movimento. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo oito meninos com diagnóstico de TA e oito meninos com desenvolvimento típico, pareados por idade e sexo, para compor o grupo controle. A tarefa que utilizamos avalia a relação velocidade e precisão de movimento, que consiste na realização de movimentos manuais direcionados a um alvo, em três índices de dificuldade (ID). O tempo de movimento foi obtido por meio da divisão entre segundos pré-estabelecidos para a tarefa (10) e o número de toques realizados no alvo. A ANOVA para medidas repetidas foi utilizada para a comparação entre os ID e entre os grupos. Resultados: Observamos que o tempo de movimento aumentou conforme o progresso dos ID. Conclusão: Os indivíduos com TA apresentaram um tempo de movimento significativamente maior quando comparados ao grupo controle, em todos os ID. Supõe-se que há dificuldades inerentes à doença, e condições motoras dos indivíduos com TA limitam o desempenho durante a tarefa.
Impacto do diabetes mellitus gestacional sobre a massa placentária humana
Authors: Reginatto Cleiton Jonei , Subtil Vinicius Mazzetti , Rodrigues Lisandra Vieira , Valenti Vitor Engrácia , Abreu Luiz Carlos de , Gomes Rayana Loch , Petenusso Marcio
Published: May 2016

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) é uma alteração patológica do metabolismo energético materno desencadeado pela incapacidade da gestante produzir quantidades suficientes de insulina para compensar a intolerância à glicose desencadeada pela ação do hormônio lactogênio placentário (HPL). Tendo em vista que os níveis plasmáticos do HPL são proporcionais à massa da placenta e que eles são máximos próximo ao período em que a placenta adquire seu maior tamanho e período que a hiperglicemia se manifesta na gestante com DMG, é possível inferir que talvez exista correlação entre a massa placentária e essa doença. Objetivo: Avaliar se existe correlação entre o DMG e a massa placentária. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva, transversal e com abordagem quantitativa, que foi realizada em um hospital público de Santa Catarina, Brasil. A pesquisa incluiu 20 mulheres grávidas, 10 com e 10 sem DMG, que concordaram em participar do estudo. Resultados: A média das massas das placentas do Grupo Controle foi de 505,63±12,18 g, enquanto a do grupo com DMG foi de 561,00 ±14,25 g. Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que a massa placentária das gestantes com DMG é significativamente maior do que a massa das placentas das gestantes hígidas.
Aptidão física relacionada à saúde de escolares com idade de 7 a 10 anos
Authors: Montoro Ana Paula Pietro Nobre , Leite Carina Raffes , Espíndola Janine Aryadine , Alexandre Juliano Maestri , Reis Monalisa Da Silva , Capistrano Renata , Lisboa Tailine , Beltrame Thais Silva
Published: May 2016

Introdução: A aptidão física relacionada à saúde refere-se às características físicas e fisiológicas que definem os perfis de morbimortalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar a aptidão física relacionada à saúde de escolares entre 7 e 10 anos. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 93 crianças de 7 a 10 anos de ambos os sexos. O instrumento utilizado foi a bateria de testes e medidas do Projeto Esporte Brasil (PROESP-BR) contendo teste de flexibilidade, resistência muscular, resistência cardiorrespiratória e índice de massa corporal (IMC), “peso/altura2”. Resultados: Percebe-se que os escolares apresentaram níveis desejados de aptidão física nos testes de flexibilidade e IMC; no entanto, nos testes de resistência muscular e cardiorrespiratória, os escolares obtiveram níveis indesejados, considerando risco à saúde. Conclusão: Os resultados observados não apresentam níveis satisfatórios de aptidão física relacionada à saúde em resistências muscular e cardiorrespiratória, revelando um risco de desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis aos escolares.
Allosteric modulation in monomers and oligomers of a G protein-coupled receptor
Authors: Shivnaraine Rabindra V , Kelly Brendan , Sankar Krishana S , Redka Dar'ya S , Han Yi Rang , Huang Fei , Elmslie Gwendolynne , Pinto Daniel , Li Yuchong , Rocheleau Jonathan V , Gradinaru Claudiu C , Ellis John , Wells James W
Published: May 2016

The M2 muscarinic receptor is the prototypic model of allostery in GPCRs, yet the molecular and the supramolecular determinants of such effects are unknown. Monomers and oligomers of the M2 muscarinic receptor therefore have been compared to identify those allosteric properties that are gained in oligomers. Allosteric interactions were monitored by means of a FRET-based sensor of conformation at the allosteric site and in pharmacological assays involving mutants engineered to preclude intramolecular effects. Electrostatic, steric, and conformational determinants of allostery at the atomic level were examined in molecular dynamics simulations. Allosteric effects in monomers were exclusively negative and derived primarily from intramolecular electrostatic repulsion between the allosteric and orthosteric ligands. Allosteric effects in oligomers could be positive or negative, depending upon the allosteric-orthosteric pair, and they arose from interactions within and between the constituent protomers. The complex behavior of oligomers is characteristic of muscarinic receptors in myocardial preparations.
Effect of reverse body bias on hot-electron-induced punchthrough reliability of pMOSFETs with thin gate dielectric at high temperatures
Authors: Kang YongHa , Kim JongKyun , Lee NamHyun , Oh MinGeon , Hwang YuChul , Moon ByungMoo
Published: May 2016

The effect of the reverse body bias V
SB on the hot-electron-induced punch-through (HEIP) reliability of pMOSFETs with a thin gate dielectric at high temperatures was investigated for the first time. Experimental results indicate that the reverse V
SB increased the HEIP degradation for a thin pMOSFET because of the increase in the maximum electric field E
m due to the increase in the threshold voltage V
th. The sensitivity of HEIP degradation to V
SB increased with increasing body effect coefficient γ at a given oxide thickness T
ox. However, a thin device (22 Å) showed a much stronger dependence of HEIP degradation on V
SB due to the decrease in the velocity saturation length l, although it had a smaller γ than a thick device (60 Å). These new observations suggest that the body bias technique for improving circuit performance can cause a reliability problem of nanoscale pMOSFETs at high temperatures and impose a significant limitation on CMOS device scaling.
Electrical and structural properties of TiO2−δ thin film with oxygen vacancies prepared by RF magnetron sputtering using oxygen radical
Authors: Kawamura Kinya , Suzuki Naoya , Tsuchiya Takashi , Shimazu Yuichi , Minohara Makoto , Kobayashi Masaki , Horiba Koji , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Higuchi Tohru
Published: May 2016

Anatase TiO2−δ thin film was prepared by RF magnetron sputtering using oxygen radical and Ti-metal target. Degrees of the TiO2−δ crystal orientation in the thin film depends of the oxygen gas pressure (

) in the radical gun. The (004)- and (112)-oriented TiO2−δ thin films crystallized without postannealing have the mixed valence Ti4+/Ti3+ state. The electrical conductivities, which corresponds to n-type oxide semiconductor, is higher in the case of (004)-oriented TiO2−δ thin film containing with high concentration of oxygen vacancy. The donor band of TiO2−δ thin film is observed at ∼1.0 eV from the Fermi level (E
F). The density-of-state at E
F is higher in (004)-oriented TiO2−δ thin film. The above results indicate that the oxygen vacancies can control by changing the

of the oxygen radical.
Characteristics of Cu-doped amorphous NiO thin films formed by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Sato Kazuya , Kim Sangcheol , Komuro Shuji , Zhao Xinwei
Published: May 2016

Transparent conducting Cu-doped NiO thin films were deposited on quartz glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron spattering. The fabricated thin films were all in amorphous phase. A relatively high transmittance of 73% was achieved. The density ratio of Ni3+/(Ni2+ + Ni3+) ions in the films decreased with increasing O2 gas pressure in the fabrication chamber, which caused a decrease in the carrier concentration of the films. The increasing pressure also led to the increase in Hall mobility. By controlling the chamber pressure and substrate temperature, p-type transparent conducting NiO films with reasonable electrical properties were obtained.
Surface fluorination of rutile-TiO2 thin films deposited by reactive sputtering for accelerating response of optically driven capillary effect
Authors: Kobayashi Taizo , Maeda Hironobu , Konishi Satoshi
Published: May 2016

We report the acceleration of photoresponsive wettability switching by applying surface fluorination to rutile-TiO2 thin films deposited by reactive sputtering. Photoresponsive wettability switchable surfaces can be applied to optically driven liquid manipulation to enable the elimination of the electrical wiring and pneumatic tubing from fluidic systems. In this work, surface fluorination using CF4 plasma treatment is applied to rutile-TiO2 thin films, which exhibit a wider switching range of wettability than that of anatase-TiO2 thin films. Fluorine termination of TiO2 thin films increases the surface acidity and enhances its photocatalytic performance. TiO2 thin films with and without surface fluorination respectively exhibited the transition of contact angles ranging from 73.7 to 12.3°, and from 70.2 to 32° under UV irradiation for 15 min. Liquid introduction into a microchannel is also demonstrated, utilizing the developed TiO2 surface, which can generate a negative capillary pressure difference under ultraviolet light irradiation.
Toward efficient light diffraction and intensity variations by using wide bandwidth surface acoustic wave
Authors: Lee Young Ok , Chen Fu , Lee Kee Keun
Published: May 2016

We have developed acoustic-optic (AO) based display units for implementing a handheld hologram display by modulating light deflection through wide bandwidth surface acoustic wave (SAW). The developed AO device consists of a metal layer, a ZnS waveguide layer, SAW inter digital transducers (IDTs), and a screen for display. When RF power with a particular resonant frequency was applied to IDTs, SAW was radiated and interfered with confined beam propagating along ZnS waveguide layer. The AO interacted beam was deflected laterally toward a certain direction depending on Bragg diffraction condition, exited out of the waveguide layer and then directed to the viewing screen placed at a certain distance from the device to form a single pixel. The deflected angles was adjusted by modulating the center frequency of the SAW IDT (SAW grating), the RF power of SAW, and the angles between propagating light beam path along waveguide and radiating SAW. The diffraction efficiency was also characterized in terms of waveguide thickness, SAW RF input power, and aperture length. Coupling of mode (COM) modeling was fulfilled to find optimal device parameters prior to fabrication. All the parameters affecting the deflection angle and efficiency to form a pixel for a three-dimensional (3D) hologram image were characterized and then discussed.
Detection of Intraneural Median Nerve Microvascularity Using Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography
Authors: Volz Kevin R. , Evans Kevin D. , Kanner Christopher D. , Dickerson Jennifer A.
Published: May 2016

Objectives

Demonstrating vascularity within the human median nerve may be difficult using power Doppler sonography. To this end, a pilot study documenting contrast‐enhanced vascularity of the median nerve was conducted.

Methods

Patients undergoing contrast‐enhanced transthoracic echocardiography were recruited for this study (n = 24). During echocardiography, a simultaneous contrast‐enhanced sonographic examination of the median nerve was conducted. The study and study protocol were built from preclinical evidence. Image analysis was based on the power Doppler pixel intensity within a defined region of interest to obtain quantitative data representing the average pixel intensity, maximum pixel intensity, and power Doppler pixel dot count. Semiquantitative data representing the power Doppler dot count grading were also obtained.

Results

Spearman correlations between analytical methods showed strong positive, statistically significant (P< .05) correlations between the average pixel intensity and maximum pixel intensity and between the power Doppler dot count and dot count grading. Statistically significant increases in the average pixel intensity and power Doppler dot count were seen at all but 1 time point throughout the contrast‐enhanced sonographic examination when compared to precontrast administration. Statistically significant increases in the maximum pixel intensity were seen at all but 4 time points.

Conclusions

These pilot results represent early evidence that contrast‐enhanced sonography can be used to image median nerve vascularity. In this convenience sample, median nerve contrast‐enhanced sonographic data collection was feasible, safe, and consistent.
Ultrasound‐Guided Cervical Facet Joint Injections
Authors: Freire Veronique , Grabs Detlev , Lepage-Saucier Marianne , Moser Thomas P.
Published: May 2016

Objectives

To evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound (US)‐guided cervical facet injections and to identify the potential obstacles to routine use of this technique.

Methods

After Institutional Review Board approval, 4 cadavers were used in this study. Age, sex, body mass index, and neck circumference were recorded. A total of 40 facet injections were performed from C2–C3 to C6–C7 under US guidance with radiodense colored latex. Visibility of cervical tissues and the needle was graded as complete, partial, or null (no injection was performed in this case). Frontal and lateral radiographs were taken, followed by cadaveric dissection to assess contrast and the latex distribution, which were recorded as intra‐articular (success), peri‐articular (success), or absent (failure). A 2‐tailed Fisher exact test and Pearson χ2test were used to evaluate difference between success and failure rates for qualitative variables.

Results

Seventy‐eight percent (31 of 40) of US‐guided facet joint injections were successful. No statistically significant differences were found regarding body mass index, neck circumference, needle caliber, operators, and between left and right sides. All failures involved C2–C3 and C6–C7 levels, and this result was statistically significant (Pearson χ2 = 20.645; P < .001).

Conclusions

Although US‐guided cervical facet joint injections are feasible, substantial obstacles may prevent their routine use. The main obstacle is to effectively identify and target the correct cervical level in a prone position.
Glucose transporter type 10—lacking in arterial tortuosity syndrome—facilitates dehydroascorbic acid transport
Authors: Németh Csilla E. , Marcolongo Paola , Gamberucci Alessandra , Fulceri Rosella , Benedetti Angiolo , Zoppi Nicoletta , Ritelli Marco , Chiarelli Nicola , Colombi Marina , Willaert Andy , Callewaert Bert L. , Coucke Paul J. , Gróf Pál , Nagy Szilvia K. , Mészáros Tamás , Bánhegyi Gábor , Margittai Éva
Published: May 2016

Loss‐of‐function mutations in the gene encoding GLUT10 are responsible for arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS), a rare connective tissue disorder. In this study GLUT10‐mediated dehydroascorbic acid (DAA) transport was investigated, supposing its involvement in the pathomechanism. GLUT10 protein produced by in vitro translation and incorporated into liposomes efficiently transported DAA. Silencing of GLUT10 decreased DAA transport in immortalized human fibroblasts whose plasma membrane was selectively permeabilized. Similarly, the transport of DAA through endomembranes was markedly reduced in fibroblasts from ATS patients. Re‐expression of GLUT10 in patients’ fibroblasts restored DAA transport activity. The present results demonstrate that GLUT10 is a DAA transporter and DAA transport is diminished in the endomembranes of fibroblasts from ATS patients.
Comment on “Climate and agricultural land use change impacts on streamflow in the upper midwestern United States” by Satish C. Gupta et al.
Authors: Schottler Shawn , Ulrich Jason , Engstrom Daniel
Published: May 2016

We challenge the assertions of the study by Gupta et al. (doi:10.1002/2015WR017323) that land use, land cover change (LULC) has had minimal or no effect on hydrology in Minnesota's rivers. Statistical analyses actually demonstrate that something other than changes in precipitation (and soil moisture) must be contributing to increases in runoff ratio and flow. The analysis presented by Gupta et al. (doi:10.1002/2015WR017323) fails to directly address the fundamental purpose and mechanism of artificial drainage, which is to reduce water residence time on the landscape, thereby reducing ET (and soil wetness) and routing this water to rivers instead.
Using stochastic dual dynamic programming in problems with multiple near‐optimal solutions
Authors: Rougé Charles , Tilmant Amaury
Published: May 2016

Stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP) is one of the few algorithmic solutions available to optimize large‐scale water resources systems while explicitly considering uncertainty. This paper explores the consequences of, and proposes a solution to, the existence of multiple near‐optimal solutions (MNOS) when using SDDP for mid or long‐term river basin management. These issues arise when the optimization problem cannot be properly parametrized due to poorly defined and/or unavailable data sets. This work shows that when MNOS exists, (1) SDDP explores more than one solution trajectory in the same run, suggesting different decisions in distinct simulation years even for the same point in the state‐space, and (2) SDDP is shown to be very sensitive to even minimal variations of the problem setting, e.g., initial conditions—we call this “algorithmic chaos.” Results that exhibit such sensitivity are difficult to interpret. This work proposes a reoptimization method, which simulates system decisions by periodically applying cuts from one given year from the SDDP run. Simulation results obtained through this reoptimization approach are steady state solutions, meaning that their probability distributions are stable from year to year.
Wavelet‐based time series bootstrap model for multidecadal streamflow simulation using climate indicators
Authors: Erkyihun Solomon Tassew , Rajagopalan Balaji , Zagona Edith , Lall Upmanu , Nowak Kenneth
Published: May 2016

A model to generate stochastic streamflow projections conditioned on quasi‐oscillatory climate indices such as Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation (AMO) is presented. Recognizing that each climate index has underlying band‐limited components that contribute most of the energy of the signals, we first pursue a wavelet decomposition of the signals to identify and reconstruct these features from annually resolved historical data and proxy based paleoreconstructions of each climate index covering the period from 1650 to 2012. A K‐Nearest Neighbor block bootstrap approach is then developed to simulate the total signal of each of these climate index series while preserving its time‐frequency structure and marginal distributions. Finally, given the simulated climate signal time series, a K‐Nearest Neighbor bootstrap is used to simulate annual streamflow series conditional on the joint state space defined by the simulated climate index for each year. We demonstrate this method by applying it to simulation of streamflow at Lees Ferry gauge on the Colorado River using indices of two large scale climate forcings: Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation (AMO), which are known to modulate the Colorado River Basin (CRB) hydrology at multidecadal time scales. Skill in stochastic simulation of multidecadal projections of flow using this approach is demonstrated.
Mechanical and Tribological Peculiarity of Nano‐TiO2‐Augmented, Polyester‐Based Homogeneous Nanocomposites and Their Functionally Graded Materials
Authors: Singh Akant Kumar , Vashishtha Siddhartha
Published: May 2016

Fillers play an important role in determining the properties and behavior of particulate‐filled composites. The objective of this work is to find out the demeanor of nano‐TiO2 filler‐augmented nanocomposites on the mechanical and wear tract. Nano‐TiO2 (Titanium Oxide)‐filled, polyester‐based homogeneous nanocomposites and functionally graded materials (FGMs) are developed by a mechanical stirring and vertical centrifugal casting technique, respectively. Filler content, 5 wt% and 10 wt%, is used to fabricate homogeneous nanocomposites and FGMs. Neat polyester is also prepared for comparative analysis. The sliding wear test is performed on a pin‐on‐disc tribometer with the nanocomposite pin sliding over a disc comprising hardened ground steel. Nano‐TiO2‐filled FGMs have superior mechanical properties and wear resistance. FGM filled with 10 wt% of nano‐TiO2 has minimum specific wear rate among all the fabricated nanocomposites. The measured Young's moduli of neat polyester, homogeneous nanocomposites, and FGMs are compared to standard theoretical prediction models. The measured moduli values showed good harmony with those predicted from Kerner and Halpin–Tsai models. The wear mechanism is studied in correlation with a micrograph of the worn‐out surface of nanocomposites. Performance optimization of nanocomposites is done using “technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution” (TOPSIS) method.
Development of Novel Amphiphilic Pyrazole‐g‐PolyGlycidyl methacrylate‐Based Polymers with Potential Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Mohy Eldin Mohamed Samir , Elazzazy Ahmed Mohamed , Saleh Tamer Saied , Mekky Ahmed Eltaher Mahmoud , Al‐Bogami Abdullah Saad
Published: May 2016

In this work, novel amphiphilic pyrazole‐g‐polyglycidyl methacrylate‐based polymers have been prepared, characterized, and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. The pyrazole derivative (4‐(4‐chlorophenyl) azo‐1H‐pyrazole‐3, 5‐diamine) is grafted to the epoxy rings of polyglycidyl methacrylate and poly (glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate) copolymers. The structure verification was performed using FT‐IR and TGA analyses. Finally, the novel pyrazole‐g‐polyacrylates copolymers were tested against different gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria strains. All the derivatives show antimicrobial activity against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria strains with varying degrees. Pyrazole‐g‐PolyGlycidyl methacrylate shows the most potential antibacterial activities followed by pyrazole‐g‐poly (glycidyl methacrylates‐co‐methyl methacrylate) copolymers where the polymethyl methacrylate content show a determining effect. Minimum inhibition and biocide concentrations were determined and compared with gentamicin and ketoconazole antibiotics.
Synthesis of Rapamycin Derivatives Containing the Triazole Moiety Used as Potential mTOR‐Targeted Anticancer Agents
Authors: Xie Lijun , Huang Jie , Chen Xiaoming , Yu Hui , Li Kualiang , Yang Dan , Chen Xiaqin , Ying Jiayin , Pan Fusheng , Lv Youbing , Cheng Yuanrong
Published: May 2016

Rapamycin, a potent antifungal antibiotic, was approved as immunosuppressant, and lately its derivatives have been developed into mTOR targeting anticancer drugs. Structure modification was performed at the C‐42 position of rapamycin, and a novel series of rapamycin triazole hybrids (4a–d, 5a–e, 8a–e, and 9a–e) was facilely synthesized via Huisgen's reaction. The anticancer activity of these compounds was evaluated against the Caski, H1299, MGC‐803, and H460 human cancer cell lines. Some of the derivatives (8a–e, 9a–e) appeared to have stronger activity than that of rapamycin; however, 4a–d and 5a–e failed to show potential anticancer activity. Compound 9e with a (2,4‐dichlorophenylamino)methyl moiety on the triazole ring was the most active anticancer compound, which showed IC50 values of 6.05 (Caski), 7.89 (H1299), 25.88 (MGC‐803), and 8.60 μM (H460). In addition, research on the mechanism showed that 9e was able to cause cell morphological changes and to induce apoptosis in the Caski cell line. Most importantly, 9e can decrease the phosphorylation of mTOR and of its downstream key proteins, S6 and P70S6K1, indicating that 9e can effectively inhibit the mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, it may have the potential to become a new mTOR inhibitor against various cancers.
A dynamic unreliability assessment and optimal maintenance strategies for multistate weighted k‐out‐of‐n:F systems
Authors: Khorshidi Hadi Akbarzade , Gunawan Indra , Ibrahim Yousef
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a dynamic evaluation of the multistate weighted k‐out‐of‐n:F system is presented in an unreliability viewpoint. The expected failure cost of components is used as an unreliability index. Using failure cost provides an opportunity to employ financial concepts in system unreliability estimation. Hence, system unreliability and system cost can be compared easily in order to making decision. The components' probabilities are computed over time to model the dynamic behavior of the system. The whole system has been assessed by recursive algorithm approach. As a result, a bi‐objective optimization model can be developed to find optimal decisions on maintenance strategies. Finally, the application of the proposed model is investigated via a transportation system case. Matlab programming is developed for the case, and genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian prediction of crack growth based on a hierarchical diffusion model
Authors: Hermann Simone , Ickstadt Katja , Müller Christine H.
Published: May 2016

A general Bayesian approach for stochastic versions of deterministic growth models is presented to provide predictions for crack propagation in an early stage of the growth process. To improve the prediction, the information of other crack growth processes is used in a hierarchical (mixed‐effects) model. Two stochastic versions of a deterministic growth model are compared. One is a nonlinear regression setup where the trajectory is assumed to be the solution of an ordinary differential equation with additive errors. The other is a diffusion model defined by a stochastic differential equation where increments have additive errors. While Bayesian prediction is known for hierarchical models based on nonlinear regression, we propose a new Bayesian prediction method for hierarchical diffusion models. Six growth models for each of the two approaches are compared with respect to their ability to predict the crack propagation in a large data example. Surprisingly, the stochastic differential equation approach has no advantage concerning the prediction compared with the nonlinear regression setup, although the diffusion model seems more appropriate for crack growth. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐MI free wall rupture syndrome. Case report, literature review, and new terminology
Authors: Che Jingjin , Li Guangping , Chen Kangyin , Liu Tong
Published: May 2016

Key Clinical Message

Common clinical features of subacute rupture left ventricular free wall after acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction are: (1) recurrent or persistent chest pain; (2) recurrent or persistent ST segment elevation; (3) hypotension. Integrating these signs into a syndrome can increase the clinician's awareness to the fatal complication.
Modified Mo/V/W‐Mixed Oxides for Catalytic Tar Removal from Biosyngas via Oxidation
Authors: Schmidt Sabine , Dörr Timo B. , Drochner Alfons , Vogel Herbert
Published: May 2016

In view of the growing energy demand and the current climate problems, renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly popular. The so‐called biosyngas obtained from the gasification of dry biomass can be used to synthesize fuels and basic chemicals. Besides gaseous by‐products and salts, this gas contains tar which needs to be removed before downstream processing. Catalysts like Mo/V/W‐oxides were found to be inert towards the oxidation of CO and H2 but are able to activate the tar model compound naphthalene highly selective. Unfortunately, besides the total oxidation, the partial oxidation to the undesired intermediates phthalic acid anhydride and maleic acid anhydride takes place. Modification of the catalyst with bases leads to synergetic effects on the catalyst surface, the total oxidation is promoted, and the formation of intermediates decreases.
Fluorinated Musk Fragrances: The CF2 Group as a Conformational Bias Influencing the Odour of Civetone and (R)‐Muscone
Authors: Callejo Ricardo , Corr Michael J. , Yang Mingyan , Wang Mingan , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , O'Hagan David
Published: May 2016

The difluoromethylene (CF2) group has a strong tendency to adopt corner over edge locations in aliphatic macrocycles. In this study, the CF2 group has been introduced into musk relevant macrocyclic ketones. Nine civetone and five muscone analogues have been prepared by synthesis for structure and odour comparisons. X‐ray studies indeed show that the CF2 groups influence ring structure and they give some insight into the preferred ring conformations, triggering a musk odour as determined in a professional perfumery environment. The historical conformational model of Bersuker and co‐workers for musk fragrance generally holds, and structures that become distorted from this consensus, by the particular placement of the CF2 groups, lose their musk fragrance and become less pleasant.
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSED PYRIDAZINES. II. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 5‐PHENYLPYRIDO(2,3‐D)PYRIDAZINE 7‐OXIDE
Authors: OISHI E. , NAKAMURA K. , HAYASHI E.
Published: May 2016

Das durch Spaltung des Tosylhydrazinopyridopyridazins (I) mit NaOH erhaltene Pyridopyridazin (II) wird von m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure (III) zum N‐Oxid (IV) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZOCYCLOHEPTENES AND HETEROCYCLIC ANALOGS AS POTENTIAL DRUGS. XIX. POTENTIAL HYPNOTICS AND ANXIOLYTICS IN THE 4H‐S‐TRIAZOLO(4,3‐A)‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINE SERIES: 8‐CHLORO‐6‐(2‐CHLOROPHENYL)‐1‐(4‐(2‐METHOXYETHYL)PIPERAZINO)‐4H‐S‐TRIAZOLO(4,3‐A)‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINE AND SOME RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: POLIVKA Z. , RYSKA M. , HOLUBEK J. , SVATEK E. , METYS J. , PROTIVA M.
Published: May 2016

Durch basische Kondensation des Piperazins (I) mit Alkoxy‐ bzw. Alkylthiohalogeniden werden die Derivate (IIa) bis (IId) erhalten, die weiter zu den Pipereizinderivaten (III) verseift werden.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDRATED OXOCARBONS. III. STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS ON SOLID STATE POLYMERIZATION AND DEPOLYMERIZATION OF THERMOCHROMIC 2,6‐DIORGANO‐1,3,5,7‐TETRAOXA‐2,6‐DIBORA‐4,8‐OCTALINDIONES
Authors: YALPANI M. , BOESE R. , BLAESER D. +
Published: May 2016

Die Struktur der thermochromen Verbindung (Ia) im "heißen" (>40°C) und "kalten" (<‐3O°C) Zustand wie auch die des nicht thermochromen Phenylderivats (Ib) werden röntgenographisch ermittelt (RG: P21/c; Z=2 für alle drei Strukturen).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES WITH ANHYDRO SUGARS. XXXIII. PREPARATION OF 2‐AMINO‐2,4‐DIDEOXY‐D‐LYXO‐HEXOPYRANOSE (4‐DEOXY‐D‐MANNOSAMINE) FROM 1,6‐ANHYDRO‐β‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSE
Authors: CERNY I. , TRNKA T. , CERNY M.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Epoxid (I) wird über das Iodderivat (IIa) die Anhydro‐xylo‐hexopyranose (IIb) erhalten und mit Benzylisocyanat in das N‐Benzylderivat (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐ARYL‐6‐AMINOCYCLOHEX‐2‐ENOL DERIVATIVES
Authors: ITOH K. , OKA Y.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Cyclohexenonen (I) werden auf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg die Aminoalkohole (IV), (VI) und (VII) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION AND SOME REACTIONS OF TRICYCLO(4.4.4.0)TETRADECANE‐2,7‐DIONE ((4.4.4)PROPELLANE‐2,7‐DIONE): X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 2,7‐BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYLOXY)TETRACYCLO(4.4.4.0.02,7)TETRADECANE
Authors: ALDER R. W. , ARROWSMITH R. J. , BRYCE M. R. , EASTMENT P. , ORPEN A. G.
Published: May 2016

Durch reduktive Alkylierung des bicyclischen Dions (I) wurde die Tricyclo‐Titelverbindung (II) erhalten, die in zwei all‐chair‐Konformationen vorliegt, die durch thermodynamische Werte und Dipolmomente charakterisiert sind.
ChemInform Abstract: DISILENE SYSTEM (R2SI:SIR2). THE TETRA‐TERT‐BUTYL DERIVATIVE
Authors: MASAMUNE S. , MURAKAMI S. , TOBITA H.
Published: May 2016

Niedertemp.‐Photolyse des aus Di‐tert.‐butylsilyldichlorid und Li‐naphthalinid synthetisierten Tricyclus (I) ergibt zusätzlich zu Naphthalin und dem (I)‐Isomeren (IV) Tetra‐tert.‐butyldisilen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed Anhydrides in Peptide Synthesis. Reduction of Urethane Formation and Racemization Using N‐Methylpiperidine as the Tertiary Amine Base.
Authors: CHEN F. M. F. , STEINAUER R. , BENOITON N. L.
Published: May 2016

Die aus den Aminosäuren (I) mit Chlorkohlensäureester (II) erhaltenen gemischten Anhydride (III) werden zu Peptiden (VI) kondensiert, wobei die Verwendung von N‐Methylpiperidin (V) im Vergleich zu anderen Basen die Racemisierungstendenz sowie die Bildung von Urethangruppen reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: ANELASTIC RELAXATION PROCESSES BEFORE AND DURING CRYSTALLIZATION OF SOME ELECTROLESS DEPOSITED AMORPHOUS ALLOYS
Authors: BONETTI E. , EVANGELISTA E. , LANZONI E.
Published: May 2016

An chemisch abgeschiedenen amorphen Ni‐B‐ und Ni‐P‐Legierungen in Eutektikum‐Nähe (Ni81B19, Ni78B22 und Ni80P20) wurden innere Reibung und dynamischer Modul gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF COOLING RATES ON THE STRUCTURE OF SILVER‐SILICON ALLOYS
Authors: CIRILLI V. , GIANOGLIO C.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Untersuchung des Ag‐Si‐Phasendiagramms wurde festgestellt, daß die Geschwindigkeit der Abkühlung der Schmelze die Zusammensetzung des Eutektikums beeinflusst.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TUNGSTEN OXIDE CHLORIDE
Authors: ELISEEV S. S. , MALYSHEVA L. E.
Published: May 2016

Durch Erhitzen einer stöchiometrischen Mischung aus WCl3 und Sb2O3 auf 250°C in zugeschmolzener Ampulle wird die Titelverbindung dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SIDEROPHILIN METAL COORDINATION. 3. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THE COBALT(III), GALLIUM(III), AND COPPER(II) COMPLEXES OF ETHYLENEBIS((O‐HYDROXYPHENYL)GLYCINE)
Authors: RILEY P. E. , PECORARO V. L. , CARRANO C. J. , RAYMOND K. N.
Published: May 2016

Die Strukturen der als Modelle für die Metallbindungsstellen im menschlichen Eisentransportprotein Transferrin verwendeten Komplexe (I)‐(III) werden mittels Einkristall‐Röntgendiffraktionsuntersuchungen bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: (DIMETHYLAMINO)ALANES, H3‐NAL(N(CH3)2)N, N = 1, 2, 3; CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AND MOLECULAR SPECTRA
Authors: OUZOUNIS K. , RIFFEL H. , HESS H. , KOHLER U. , WEIDLEIN J.
Published: May 2016

Die Röntgenstrukturanalysen von Dimethylaminoalan (I) (RG P21/c mit Z=4), Bis‐[dimethylamino]‐alan (II) und Tris‐[dimethylamino]‐alan (III) (beide Verbindungen RG P‐1 mit Z=1) werden mitgeteilt und deren Molekülspektren diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLVATION EFFECTS IN THE ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF DIPHENYLPICRYLHYDRAZYL
Authors: KALINOWSKI M. K. , KLIMKIEWICZ J.
Published: May 2016

Die voltammetrisch ermittelte Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit der Differenz zwischen Oxidations und Reduktionspotential in z.B. CH3NO2, Benzonitril, CH3OH, DMF, DMSO wird auf zusätzliche Wechselwirkungen zwischen Titelradikal und Lösungsmittel entsprechend einem Lewis‐Säure‐Base‐Modell zurückgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: INVESTIGATIONS ON INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF PHOTOCHEMICALLY GENERATED CARBONYL YLIDES
Authors: BROKATZKY‐GEIGER J. , EBERBACH W.
Published: May 2016

Während die Epoxide (I) und (IV) keine oder nur sehr geringe Mengen (VII) als Produkte einer intramolekularen Cyclisierung liefern, entstehen aus (VIII) eine Reihe derartiger Cyclisierungsprodukte wie z.B. (IX) und (X).
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATIONS OF 3,4‐BIS(DIPHENYLMETHYLENE)‐1,2‐CYCLOBUTANEDIONE WITH O‐PHENYLENEDIAMINE UNDER IONIC AND RADICAL REACTION CONDITIONS
Authors: RO Z. , TANAKA K. , TODA F.
Published: May 2016

Durch Reaktion des Cyclo‐butandions (I) mit o‐Phenylendiamin (II) in CCl4 entstehen die Kondensationsprodukte (III) und (IV) in der angegebenen Verteilung.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIZATION REACTIONS OF β,Γ‐UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES. VIII. CYCLOFUNCTIONALIZATION OF N‐CYCLOHEXENYL‐ OR N‐CINNAMYLURETHANES TO OXAZOLIDIN‐2‐ONES OR 1,3‐OXAZIN‐2‐ONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: MUEHLSTAEDT M. + , OLK B. , WIDERA R.
Published: May 2016

Aus den N‐Cyclohexenyl‐(thio)urethanen (I) erhält man mit Brom in hoher Ausbeute die Cyclisierungsprodukte (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOLYSIS OF ALKOXYACETIC ACIDS IN THE PRESENCE OF MERCURY(II) OXIDE AND IODINE
Authors: GLOVER S. A. , GOLDING S. L. , GOOSEN A. , MCCLELAND C. W.
Published: May 2016

Die durch Kondensation der Alkohole (I) (bei Wasserunlöslichkeit in Benzol) mit den α‐Chlorsäuren (II) erhältlichen α‐Alkoxysäuren (III) werden über ihre Hg(II)‐Salze in die entsprechenden Hypoiodite übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: A METHOXY SUBSTITUENT EFFECT AND TOPOTACTIC ASSISTANCE BY A METHYLENE CHAIN ON PHOTOCYCLIZATION OF N‐METHYLENEDICINNAMATES
Authors: KUZUYA M. , TANAKA M. , OKUDA T.
Published: May 2016

Die photolytische Cyclisierung der Bis‐zimtsäureester (I) führt zu den Truxilsäurederivaten (II).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE INVESTIGATIONS OF IMINIUM ION INTERMEDIATES. PART 10. MULTINUCLEAR AND KINETIC STUDY OF THE REACTION BETWEEN LEWIS ACIDS AND UREAS
Authors: GAUVREAU J.‐F. , MARTIN G.‐J.
Published: May 2016

Als Intermediat der Reaktion der Harnstoffe (I) mit den Lewissäuren Phosgen oder POCl3 werden die Iminiumsalze (II) vorgeschlagen.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATIVE DECARBOXYLATION OF CLAVULANIC ACID AND ITS 9‐METHYL ETHER
Authors: BROOKS G. , HUNT E.
Published: May 2016

Die 3‐Carboxyl‐Gruppe von Clavulinsäure (Ia) wird bei der kathodischen Reduktion in Gegenwart von MeOH [Hauptprodukt der Elektrolyse ist das Oxazolin (III)], durch oxidative Decarboxylierung mit Pb‐tetraacetat bzw. bei der Reaktion mit MCPBA durch die Methoxy‐Gruppe, die Acetoxy‐Gruppe bzw. die m‐Chlor‐benzoyloxy‐Gruppe ersetzt: Bildung der Clavam‐Derivate (IIa), (IVa) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYTIC PHASE TRANSFER CARBONYLATION OF BENZYL HALIDES WITH IRON PENTACARBONYL
Authors: TANGUY G. , WEINBERGER B. , DES ABBAYES H.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Benzylhalogeniden (I) erhält man unter Phasentransfer‐Bedingungen mit Metallcarbonylen (II) und CO (III) im wesentlichen die Carbonsäuren (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: APPLICATION OF AZIRINES AND AZIRIDINES AS SYNTHONS
Authors: LAURENT A.
Published: May 2016

Reaktionen einer Reihe von Azirinen und Aziridinen mit Nucleophilen werden durchgeführt und an allgemeinen Beispielen, wie.im Formelschema aufgeführt, erklärt und diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS INVOLVING FLUORIDE ION. PART 29. REACTIONS OF PERFLUORO‐2,3‐DIMETHYLBUTA‐1,3‐DIENE
Authors: BRYCE M. R. , CHAMBERS R. D. , LINDLEY A. A. , FIELDING H. C.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) gibt mit Methanol, Phenol bzw. Na‐methoxid die Substitutionsprodukte (III), (IV) und (V) [mit Methanol auch das 1,2‐Additionsprodukt (II)], während die Reaktionen von (I) mit den Enolat‐Anionen von Acetessigester (VIa) bzw. Acetylaceton (VIb) zu dem Pyran (VIIa) und dem Oxepin (VIII) bzw. zu (VIIb) fuhren und Diazomethan mit (I) das Addukt (IX) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF TERTIARY FORMAMIDES WITH SULFUR TETRAFLUORIDE. DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF (TRIFLUOROMETHYL)AMINES
Authors: DMOWSKI W. , KAMINSKI M.
Published: May 2016

Die tertiären Formamide (Ia)‐(Id) liefern nach Umsetzung mit SF4 in Gegenwart von Kaliumfluorid die entsprechenden Trifluormethylamine (IIa)‐(IId).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF α‐METHYLENE CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: ONO N. , MIYAKE H. M. , FUJII M. , KAJI A.
Published: May 2016

α‐Nitroketone wie (I) werden in Gegenwart von Basen mit Formaldehyd und Acetanhydrid in Acetoxymethylverbindungen wie (II) übergeführt, mit Tributylzinn zu (III) reduziert und durch Eliminierung von Eisessig in die Methylencarbonylderivate (IV) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: AZO ANIONS IN SYNTHESIS. TERT‐BUTYLHYDRAZONES AS ACYL ANION EQUIVALENTS
Authors: ADLINGTON R. M. , BALDWIN J. E. , BOTTARO J. C. , PERRY M. W. D.
Published: May 2016

Die tert.‐Butylhydrazone (I) reagieren über ihre Lithiumsalze mit Aldehyden und Ketonen zu den Addukten (II), deren Hydrolyse die instabilen Azoalkohole (III) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: SIMPLE, STEREOSPECIFIC PREPARATION OF Z‐3‐IODOACRYLIC ACID FROM PROPIOLIC ACID AND METHYLMAGNESIUM IODIDE
Authors: JUNG M. E. , HAGENAH J. A. , ZENG L. M.
Published: May 2016

Propiolsäure (I) reagiert mit Methylgrignardreagenz definiert zur Z‐3‐Iod‐acrylsäure (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CHALCOGENOLATES. 126. STUDIES ON N‐(CYANOFORMAMIDINO)DITHIOCARBIMIDIC ACID. 2. THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF POTASSIUM N‐(CYANOFORMAMIDINO)DITHIOCARBIMIDATE IN SOLUTION
Authors: HLAWATSCHEK H. , GATTOW G.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindung liefert durch thermische Cyclisierung das Triazinderivat (II), das als Hemihydrat isoliert wurde.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT, STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF EITHER E‐ OR Z‐1,3‐DIENES
Authors: UKAI J. , IKEDA Y. , IKEDA N. , YAMAMOTO H.
Published: May 2016

Aus Allyldiphenylphosphin erhält man mit tert.‐Butyllithium und Titan‐tetraisopropylat Ti‐enthaltende Zwischenstufen (II), die mit den Aldehyden (I) über Zwischenstufen wie nach Methylierung über (IV) zu Dienen (V) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: SILAFUNCTIONAL COMPOUNDS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. XVIII. OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE OF THE SILICON‐CARBON BOND IN ALKENYLFLUOROSILANES TO CARBONYL COMPOUNDS: SYNTHETIC AND MECHANISTIC ASPECTS
Authors: TAMAO K. , AKITA M. , KUMADA M.
Published: May 2016

Die aus Acetylen (I) durch Hydrosilylierung und Austausch des Chlors gegen Fluor bei der Umsetzung der Trichlorsilyl‐alkene (III) mit Zinkfluorid hergestellten Alkenyltrifluorsilane (IV) und ähnliche Verbindungen werden durch m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure selektiv zu entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen gespalten.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL, KINETIC, AND SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE FOR THE REACTION OF 1‐NAPHTHYLCARBENE WITH ACETONITRILE TO FORM A NITRILE YLIDE
Authors: BARCUS R. L. , WRIGHT B. B. , PLATZ M. S. , SCAIANO J. C.
Published: May 2016

1‐Brom‐naphthalin (I) wird in die Acetylverbindung (II) und weiter in ein Aziren (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE, STEREOSELECTIVE, ROOM‐TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS OF CIS‐VINYLOXIRANES AND TRANS‐1‐PHENYL‐1,3‐BUTADIENE
Authors: AUGE J. , DAVID S.
Published: May 2016

Aldehyde (I) und 1‐Chlor‐3‐iod‐propen (II), das aus dem Dichlorid mit NaI hergestellt wird, reagieren in Gegenwart von Zinn(II)‐chlorid über ein Addukt (III) zu den stereoisomeren Vinyl‐oxiranen (IV) und (V).