bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbedaan Motivasi dan Keterampilan Belajar Peserta Didik Berprestasi Tinggi dan Rendah Serta Implikasi dalam Bimbingan dan Konseling
Authors: Edli Haffizah , Mudjiran Mudjiran
Published: July 2017

Motivation and learning skill are essential and mustbe owned by students to be successful in learning. But, the fact that are students with lack of learning motivation and learning skill. The aims from this research are: (1) to describing student’s learning motivation and learning skill which high achieving and underachieving, (2) to analyze student’s learning motivation and learning skill differences who high achieving and underachieving. This research using quantitative approach with comparative description type. This research conducted on students in VII and VIII grades at MTsN Salido Pesisir Selatan regency in 2013-2014 school year, with 258 students population, and 158 students as research sample using propotional random sampling techniques. Instrument for this research is questionnaire. Data analyzing for this research using descriptive statistic techniques and t-test using SPSS 16.00. Data analyzing revealed that (1) learning motivation students who is high achieving stand at high category, (2) learning motivation students who is underachieving stand at average category, (3) learning skill students who is high achieving stand at good category, (4) learning skill students who is underachieving stand at enough category, (5) there is a difference of learning motivation  between students with high achieving and underachieving, (6) there is a difference of learning skill between students with high achieving and underachieving. The implication from this research to guidance and counseling is forming guidance counseling treatment programme that concern to students with underachieving in order to reach good learning result..
Perbedaan Kematangan Karier Mahasiswa Tahun Masuk 2014 Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Padang ditinjau dari Gaya Pembuatan Keputusan dan Jenis Kelamin
Authors: Violina Erwita Ika , Daharnis Daharnis , Marjohan Marjohan
Published: July 2017

Career maturity is readiness of individuals to deal with the tasks of the development of his/her career. Student’s development career task is make his/her education as a career direction. This study aims to describe career maturity of the Faculty Education Universitas Negeri Padang students class 2014, according to decision making style and gender. Population of this research is 336 students of Faculty Education Universitas Negeri Padang, with samples are 183 students choosen by proportional random sampling. The instruments used in this research is the career maturity scale and Assessment of Career Decision Making of Harren (1979). The results of this research are: 1) student’s career maturity are different significantly according to decision making style, 2) student’s career maturity aren’t different according to gender, 3) there isn’t interaction of decision making style and gender in explaining student’s career maturity.
Efektivitas Layanan Informasi dengan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching And Learning dalam Meningkatkan Arah Perencanaan Karier Siswa SMK
Authors: Putri Ramtia Darma , S Neviyarni , Irianto Agus
Published: July 2017

Direction of career planning become very important because it can guidelines students in decisions making of his career in the future.  Direction of career planning should be prepared and improved considering that not all students have a mature direction of career planning. Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of West Sumatera in August 2014 recorded the open unemployment of about 6.99%  or reach 150 thousand people are more dominated by graduates SMK as much as 11.15%. In addition, the results of AUM umum in one of the SMK was indicated problems in careers and jobs as much to 33.56%. This demonstrates that students do not have a clear understanding about direction of career planning that will be chosen. One of the efforts to improve the students direction of career planning is the information service.  This research was intended to find out the effectiveness of information service with contextual teaching and learning approach to improve the direction of career planning student of SMK.This study uses quantitative methods. This type of research is Quasi Experiment with Nonrandomized Control Group Pretest-posttest Design. The subjects were students of SMK Padang Nusatama as an experimental group and the SMK Nasional Padang as a control group. The research instrument used Likert Scale models, and then analyzed using Paired Samples t-test and Independent Sample t-test with SPSS version 17.00.In general the study's findings that information service with contextual teaching and learning approach is effective in improving direction of career planning student of SMK. Specifically: (1) there was a significant differences between direction of career planning in the experimental group before and after the given information service with contextual teaching and learning approach, (2) there was a significant differences between direction of career planning in the control group before and after the given conventional information service, and (3) there was a significant differences between direction of career planning in the experimental group who were information service with contextual teaching and learning approach and those in the control group who were conventional information service.
Perbedaan Aspirasi Karier Siswa ditinjau dari Jenis Kelamin, Jurusan, dan Tingkat Pendidikan Orangtua serta Implikasinya terhadap Pelayanan Bimbingan dan Konseling
Authors: Febriani Rahmi Dwi , Yusuf A. Muri , Iswari Mega
Published: July 2017

Career aspiration is an important for students, because needs to be done first when choosing one career is to have career aspiration. The fact in the field signified that the students do not have a career goal in the future. This is an indication that the students career aspiration are in the low category. The aim of this research was to: (1) describe students career aspiration is sighted of sex, majors, and parents educational level, (2) examined differences in students career aspiration of male and female, (3) examined differences in career aspiration of students majoring in science and social studies, (4) examined differences in students career aspiration is sighted of parents educational level, and (5) examined differences in students career aspiration is sighted of interaction of sex, majors, and parents educational level. The research methods applied in this research was ex post facto with factorial design 2 x 3 x 2. The population this research was consisted of 837 students in SMAN 7 Padang. The number of samples as much as 270 students were selected by propotional random sampling technique. The instrument of the research was career aspiration scale with reliability 0.885. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. The result of the research indicated that: (1) In general, career aspiration of students  is sighted of sex, majors, and parents educational level were in high category, (2) there is no significant differences between career aspiration of male and female students, (3) there is no significant difference between career aspiration of students majoring in science and social studies, (4) there was a significant difference between career aspiration of students having parents educational level of high, medium, and low, (5) there is no significant differences in students career aspiration is sighted of interaction of sex, majors, and parents educational level.
Kontribusi Dukungan Orangtua dan Persepsi Siswa tentang Disiplin Belajar terhadap Perilaku Membolos serta Implikasinya terhadap Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling
Authors: Khadijah Khairiyah , Marjohan Marjohan , Bentri Alwen
Published: July 2017

Truancy is an action of missing full day school or skipping certain classes during school hours. It is considered as a non-adaptive behaviour that needs serious attention. Truancy is affected by several factors. Some of the factors are (1) family in which parents give lack of support to their children in learning and, (2) individual involving the students’ perception on learning discipline. This research is intended to describe: (1) the parents’ support, (2) the students’ perception toward learning discipline, (3) truancy behaviour, and to test, (4) the contribution of the parents’ support toward truancy behaviour, (5) the contribution of the students’ perception on learning discipline toward truancy behaviour, and (6) the contribution of the parents’ support and the students’ perception on learning discipline simultaneously toward truancy behaviour. This research applied quantitative method and descriptive correlational design. The population of the research was 533 students in class X and XI of SMAN 8 Padang. Of the population, 229 were taken as the sample. They were chosen by using Proportional Stratified Random Sampling technique. The instrument of the research was a scale of Likert model. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic, simple regression and multiple regression. The research findings show that: (1) on average, the parents’ support is in high category, (2) the students’ perception on learning discipline is in positive category, (3) the truancy behaviour is in average category, (4) the parents’ support contributed 6,2% (R= 0.249 on significance level 0.000) toward truancy behaviour, (5) the students’ perception on learning discipline contributed 10.9% (R= 0.331 on significance level 0.000) toward truancy behaviour, and (6) simultaneously, the parents’ support and the students’ perception on learning discipline contributed 12.7% (R= 0.356 on significance level 0.000) toward truancy behaviour. The implication of the research findings is expected to be used as an analysis on the students’ need in designing Guidance and Counselling program at SMAN 8 Padang.
SEJARAH DAKWAH DI LEMBAH PALU
Authors: Syamsuri Syamsuri
Published: July 2017

There are three phases of the spread and development of Islam in Palu: mythological,  ideological and scientific phases. In this paper,  the figures of these three phases will be discussed.  At this phase,  the approach of  Muslim scholars (ulama is to show natural symbols in spreading and teaching Islam. Spiritual power becomes a key of the success of ulama. There are three ulama who play a  role in a  mythological phase, Abdullah Raqi "Datuk Karama", a son of Minangkabau coming to  Palu in  1650.  He was followed by  Pue  Imbatu "Syekh Lokiya",  a native Muslim scholar, and then followed by  Daeng  Konda  "Pue  Bulangisi", a noble man who is popular with his teaching "karaeng".  This teaching refers to a leading figure Syekh Yusuf Tuanta Salamaka Tajul Khalwati, a national hero of South Africa and Indonesia
EFEKTIFITAS PENGAJIAN RUTIN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU BERAGAMA MASYARAKAT
Authors: Suriati Suriati
Published: July 2017

Having a religion is one of the human natural tendencies. This natural tendency will grow and develop when this is fostered continously irrespective of time, age, race, sex and gender roles. Da'wah is regarded as an instrument to call people and foster them continously,  particularly  Muslim community,  in order to develop such a human natural tendency. Since the package of  da'wah  is important to attract people,  Majelis Taklim or Islamic study group as society based-organization is an alternative solution to that purpose.  With continous fostering,  society will have religious behaviour and good attitude which represents an ethics to  Allah, people and environment.
KOMUNIKASI POLITIK MUBALLIG DI KOTA PALU
Authors: Syamsuri Syamsuri , Suriati Suriati
Published: July 2017

There are three social levels of  Islamic preacher in  Palu, ulama, ustaz and  guru mengaji. The emergence of 'ulama (muslim  scholars)  on the political stage is an epicenter  of social, cultural and economic dynamics. 'Ulama felt that they must interfere to guide Muslim community in politics in order to implement  Islamic  shari'a  according to the  Quran and Hadith. Political communication of Muslim preachers in Palu includes three steps: negotiation of political opportunity, consolidation  of supports for candidates, and image building of da'wah  message.  Muslim preachers such as ulama, ustaz and guru mengaji are always drawn into politics at the season of political glamour,  because they are considered as having loyal and pious mass basis.
PERAN PESANTREN AS’ADIYAH SENGKANG DALAM MEMBANGUN MODERASI ISLAM DI TANAH BUGIS
Authors: Darlis Darlis
Published: July 2017

Strengthening moderate Islam in the Archipelago is necessary today. Tug of war between religious radicalism and religious liberalism is one of the reasons that underlies this idea. In the middle of this feud, pesantren is expected to play an important role in strengthening religious ideas which are in accordance with the culture of Archipelago that is full of mercy. In this paper, I explore the role of Pesantren of As’adiyah Sengkang in building a moderate Islam in Bugis land. This paper shows that this pesantren has built and developed a moderate Islam in South Sulawesi through two ways; first, a pesantren network and Bugis Muslim scholars as  graduates of As’adiyah pesantren, who have been scattered  throughout Sulawesi island; second, religious doctrines of As’adiyah which are coloured with Ahlussunnah wal jama’ah either in faith, Islamic law, Islamic mysticism or method of preaching that promotes the principles of moderation (tawassuth), tolerance (tasamuh) and equilibrium (tawazun).
DEMOKRASI DAN MULTI KULTURALISME DALAM KONTESTASI DAKWAH ISLAM
Authors: Ahmad Rusdin
Published: July 2017

The essence of democracy is justice and equality in all aspects of life, including rights as the individual, citizen, and the God’s creatures. The plurality of God’s creatures is a part of natural law, which is called multiculturalism. Cultural pluralism is not separated from democracy. Democracy is a system of state which is regulated constitutionally and legitimizes all interests and rights of the individuals.
TOLERANSI BERAGAMA SEBUAH KENISCAYAAN BAGI MUSLIM DALAM HIDUP BERMASYARAKAT
Authors: Pangeran Ismail
Published: July 2017

Indonesia is a nation that has various religions. Therefore, tolerance is essential to build a harmonious society. However, tolerance is not about faith, but social encounters. Cultural and religious differences must be an inspiration in building a nation to continue the ideals of the the founding fathers of this nation. Pancasila, Bhineka Tunggal Ika, NKRI, the 1945 Constitution is a fixed price that cannot be changed because it is the result of the agreement of the entire Indonesian people that must be maintained. To ensure the continuity of the Indonesian nation, the awareness of all religious people is needed to maintain it, because each religion teaches brotherhood, cooperation, affection, and tolerance in life. The difference is law of nature (sunnatullah) as evidence of the power of God, not leading into a conflict
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI KEGIATAN TUTOR SEBAYA DALAM PENGAJARAN REMEDIAL MATERI GETARAN DAN GELOMBANG DI KELAS VIII C SEMESTER GENAP TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015/2016 SMP NEGERI 1 PANGKAH KABUPATEN TEGAL
Authors: Ritaningsih Ritaningsih
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah tutor sebaya dalam pengajaran remedial dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa dan untuk mengetahui apakah tutor sebaya dalam pengajaran remedial dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah  penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Pangkah Kabupaten Tegal. Subyek yang diteliti adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII C di SMP Negeri 1 Pangkah tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Siswa yang mendapat nilai kurang dari 76 sebagai peserta remedial. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasn nilai rata- rata kelas pada siklus I adalah 79,0 dan nilai rata-rata kelas pada siklus II adalah 89,5.Sedangkan partisipasi siswa dalam pembelajaran, kekompakan dan keberanian siswa bertanya dapat ditumbuh kembangkan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari pengamatan aktifitas siswa pada siklus I adalah 40,74 % atau kategori aktif dan siklus II adalah 80 % atau kategori sangat aktif. Jadi dapat disimpulkan melalui kegiatan tutor sebaya dalam pengajaran remedial materi getaran dan gelombang di kelas VIII C tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 SMP Negeri 1 Pangkah Kabupaten Tegal dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa. Kata Kunci: motivasi, pengajaran remedial, metode tutor sebaya
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NIAT PENGGUNAAN APPROWEB OLEH ACCOUNT REPRESENTATIVE DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PAJAK
Authors: Santoso Wakhid Nanang , Setiawan Doddy
Published: July 2017

This study aims to investigate the effect of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, web self efficacy, perceived security controls, and perceived enjoyment on the intention to use the approweb by account representative at the Directorate General of Taxation.The study employ web survey to collect data from account representative throughout Indonesia. There are 417 questionaire return from web survey.The results show that the performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, perceived security control, and perceived enjoyment positively effect on the intention to use approweb, whereas the web self efficacy has no effect on the intentions to use approweb by account representative at the Directorate General of Taxation. The higher performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, perceived security control, and perceived enjoyment will increase intention to use Approweb.
Problem Solving Skill Science on Junior High School for Different Academic
Authors: Retnowati Arini Dwi Larasatining , Suratno Suratno , Yushardi Yushardi
Published: July 2017

The rapid of education today requires empowerment skills to construct a science, one of the ways is adapting and training in a skill of problem-solving to face more advanced through learning and teaching materials. The purpose of this research is to know the difference skill of problem-solving based on learning science in junior high school in the different academic. Collecting data using rubric problem-solving skill given to students with academic distinction on April. The instrument of this research is a rubric problem-solving skill validated by the experts. The data were analysed with descriptive quantitative using Microsoft Exel. The result of data analysis of this research, there are some differences in problem-solving skills science of a junior high school of difference academic. A student who got the high score in academic tends to have better problem-solving skills.
De la catedral al oratorio. Nuevas formas de fruición cinematográfica
Authors: Serrano Rojas Eduardo
Published: July 2017

Históricamente el cine ha sido entendido como un espectáculo colectivo y el éxito de sus producciones ha sido determinado por el volumen de su taquilla. Poco más de un siglo después de su invención, las grandes salas, verdaderas catedrales del séptimo arte, han desaparecido dando lugar a nuevos y pequeños espacios fuertemente ligados a las dinámicas del consumo. La tecnología de vídeo digital ha transformado, no sólo las dinámicas y técnicas de producción, sino también los modos de…… exhibición. El espectador cinematográfico de hoy puede disfrutar de un nuevo espacio de goce, ya no13 tan grande ni majestuoso como el gran teatro, pero igualmente sagrado.
Wage differentials of males and females in same-sex and different-sex couples in Canada, 2006–2010
Authors: Mueller Richard
Published: July 2017

This paper utilizes five cycles of the General Social Survey in consecutive years from 2006 through 2010 to address the issue of differential wages amongst members of same-sex couples compared to their counterparts in different-sex couples. We find that men in gay couples have wages that are statistically indistinguishable from those of males in heterosexual relationships. By contrast, a sizeable and statistically significant earnings premium exists for lesbians in same-sex couples.
Developments in Australian Migration
Authors: Smith David , Payne Dan , Horne Mathew , Claridge Debbie
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this paper is to make a comprehensive assessment of recent developments in international migration to Australia.  In doing so we will be discussing changes in the scale and composition of migration into Australia, the dispersal of migrants throughout Australia and also the influence of policy-decisions and various departmental programmes on this movement.
The Iraqi civil registration system and the test of political upheaval
Authors: Bah Sulaiman
Published: July 2017

An in-depth situation analysis was carried out on the Iraqi civil registration system in 2011, years after the end of the military operation of 2003. The study was done using a combination of methods, including interviews with key role players in the Iraqi civil registration system, observation, study of documents, triangulation, and gap analysis. The study found the civil registration system in Iraq to be largely intact and functional, in spite of the wars experienced in Iraq over the past three decades. Given that civil registration systems generally get destroyed through wars, the paper discusses the reasons for the resilience in the Iraqi civil registration system and draws lessons from them.
Regional disparities in Canadian adult and old-age mortality: A comparative study based on smoothed mortality ratio surfaces and age at death distributions
Authors: Ouellette Nadine , Bourbeau Robert , Camarda Carlo G.
Published: July 2017

This paper examines adult and old-age mortality differentials in Canada between 1930 and 2007 at the provincial level, using theCanadian Human Mortality Database and the flexible smoothing P-spline method in two-dimensions well-suited to the study of smallpopulations. Our analysis reveals that provincial disparities in adult mortality in general, and among the elderly population in particular,are substantial in Canada. Moreover, based on the modal age at death and the standard deviation of ages at death above the mode,provincial disparities at older ages have barely reduced over time, despite the great mortality improvements in all provinces since the early 20th century. In the last few years studied, evidence of the shifting mortality regime was found among females in most Western and Central provinces, while all males were still undergoing an old-age mortality compression regime.
Impact of "ethnic mobility" on socio-economic conditions of Aboriginal peoples
Authors: Siggner Andrew J.
Published: July 2017

For the first time data from the1986 and 1996 censuses have been organized in
an historical manner with a consistent set of definitions and geographies.
Guimond (1999) has established that the Aboriginal population, both in terms
of origin and identity, has grown rapidly and that an important component of
that growth has come from personal changes in the ethnic affiliation. This
finding begs the question: what are the characteristics of the people changing
their affiliation? Using census data, this study will focus on the highest level of
schooling variable for the populations reporting Aboriginal origins and
Aboriginal identity and show how this characteristic is changing in a selected
age cohort over the ten year period 1986-96.
The Washington State Census Board and Its Demographic Legacy
Authors: Yacyshyn Alison
Published: July 2017

Book Review
Dynamic model for population distribution and optimum immigration and job creation policies
Authors: Ahmed N. U. , He Yongjuan
Published: July 2017

In this paper we demonstrate that by use of modern Systems and Optimal
Control theory, it is possible to formulate optimum immigration and job creation strategies while maintaining population level close to certain pre-specified targets. With this objective in mind, we consider a simplified dynamic model based on a previous model developed in (Ahmed and Rahim, 2001:325-358) to describe the population distribution in Canada. Numerical results demonstrate that the model population is in close agreement with the actual population. This model was then used to formulate a control problem with immigration and job creation rates being the decision (control) variables. Using optimal control theory, optimum immigration and job creation policies were determined. Results are illustrated by numerical simulation and they are found to be very encouraging.
Projected Population Size and Age Structure for Canada and
Provinces: With and Without International Migration
Authors: Loh Shirley , George M. V.
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the effect of net international migration on prospective
population growth and age structure in Canada for the next 50 years. It also
examines the impact of international migration on provincial growth and
distribution. The procedure used in this study is by comparing two projected
population scenarios, one with international migration and the other without
international migration, based on the latest 2005-based population projections. The analysis of the scenarios shows that the assumed level of international migration which is higher than the current level contributes to a continuous increase in population over the next 50 years, but has limited effect to prevent or offset the overall aging trend.
Income management strategies of older couples in Canada
Authors: Laporte Christine , Schellenberg Grant
Published: July 2017

In this study, the income management strategies of Canadian couples are examined using data from the 2007 General Social Survey. The extent to which “older” couples, in which at least one spouse or partner is aged 45 or older, employ an allocative, pooled, or separate strategy is explored.Results show that the income management strategies used by these couples are correlated with relationship characteristics, such as common-law status, duration of relationship, and presence of children. As well, the likelihood of using a separate approach is positively correlated with levels of educational attainment and with the amount of income received by wives or female partners.
Canadian mortality in perspective: a comparison with the United States and other developed countries
Authors: Bourbeau Robert
Published: July 2017

The purposes of this paper is to compare mortality patterns in Canada to the
United States and to other industrialised countries to give support to the
existence of a “North American Mortality Pattern” (NAMP), and to try to
explain this pattern in the context of the specific features of Canadian society.
Using data from the WHO mortality database for total and cause-specific mortality, we applied a decomposition method to explain the changes in mortality rate ratios during the 1950-1995 period. Our findings show that Canada has experienced a general increase of its mortality rate ratios compared to other developed countries. There is no evidence that the NAMP fits for Canada. In fact, Canadian mortality below age 65 is quite comparable to mortality in other developed countries. However there is a contrasting low mortality level for the oldest-old (80+).
Population forecasting in Canada: conceptual and methodological developments
Authors: George M. V.
Published: July 2017

After introducing the value and interest in population forecasting, the thrust of the paper is on conceptual issues and methodological developments in population forecasting. It provides an historical overview of population projections by Statistics Canada and is presented for the periods before and after the 1970s, covering a seventy-year history. The evolution of the current regional cohort component projection model is articulated by describing the methodological developments by components in each of the six sets of population projections from the 1970s to the beginning of the new century. Also presented is a brief account of the main special/customized projections prepared. Finally, the paper provides a brief evaluation of the accuracy of selected past projections.
The Probabilistic Life Table and Its Applications to Canada
Authors: Li Nan
Published: July 2017

Traditionally, life-table variables are assigned certain values at all ages, and hence are treated as deterministic. But the survival process of the hypothetic cohort is uncertain; hence, the nature of life tables is probabilistic. This paper introduces a newly developed method to produce the probabilistic life table, in which each variable has a probability distribution rather than a sample value, at all ages except the first one. Applying the probabilistic life table to Canada, it concludesthat the recent changes in mortality are statistically significant mostly at old ages, which cannot be estimated by the traditional life table.
Status of Women and Fertility in Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Ali , Fernando Rajulton
Published: July 2017

As argued, low status of women is associated with high fertility. Yet, it is the
most neglected area in fertility studies because of measurement complications. The concept itself needs clarification since there is no universal definition. Despite these complications, utilizing fourteen theory driven indicators, this study attempts to measure the status of women in Pakistan and examines its relationship with fertility. Structural Equation Models are used to measure status and Path Models to examine its association with fertility. The results confirm a negative association between status of women and fertility in Pakistan.
Stability and Change: Illustrations with Categorical and Binary Responses
Authors: Rajulton Fernando , Ravanera Zenaida R.
Published: July 2017

Longitudinal data consist of time-sequences of measurements, counts or categorical responses from the same experimental units. Thus, they have a distinct advantage over cross-sectional data in that they provide us the information on both stability and change. It is recommended therefore that any longitudinal study should tap this information through available techniques. In social science research, the use of categorical and binary responses is more frequent than the use of continuous-time responses. This paper aims to show that more detailed and sophisticated analysis can be done even with categorical and binary sequences collected through longitudinal surveys. After proposing two paradigms that may be used in the explanations of stability and change, the paper presents two illustrations for the analysis of categorical and binary sequences.
Proximate determinants of declining fertility in Oman in the 1990s
Authors: Islam M. Mazharul , Dorvlo Atsu S.S. , Al-Qasmi Ahmed M.
Published: July 2017

The current fertility rate in Oman declined dramatically from a very high rate of 8.6 births per woman in 1988 to 4.8 births per woman in 2000, a decline of nearly four births per woman or a decline of 44 per cent of total fertility over a period of twelve years. This decline has occurred in the absence of any official national level family planning programme. Using recent national level survey data and the Bongaarts framework of the proximate determinants of fertility, in this study an attempt has been made to identify the factors responsible for such remarkable decline in fertility in Oman. The results indicate that a decrease in the age-specific proportions of women who are married, followed by an increase in contraceptive use are the most important mechanisms by which fertility has declined in Oman. Women education and employment are likely factors that encourage couples to delay marriage and use modern family planning methods and thus reduce marital fertility.
Academic performance and educational pathways of young allophones: A comparative multivariate analysis of Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver
Authors: Ledent Jacques , Aman Cheryl , Garnett Bruce , Murdoch Jake , Walters David , McAndrew Marie
Published: July 2017

Using several local and provincial data banks enabling one to follow the school progression of the cohort of students who, in Canada’s three main immigration-destination cities, were expected to graduate secondary school in 2004, this article examines the academic performance and educational pathways of those students who at home use a language other the main language of schooling: non-French speakers in Montreal and non-English speakers in Toronto and Vancouver. First, after accounting for differences in characteristics, those students (target group) are shown to succeed better than the remaining students (comparison group), especially in Vancouver. However, within the target group, there appear to be substantial differences in performance between linguistic subgroups, which are far from being similar in all three cities. Second, the individual and contextual factors that influence the academic performance of the students in the target group appear to be similar for some and different for others in the three cities, while presenting some more-or-less large discrepancies with the corresponding factors pertaining to the comparison group. The article concludes with a few policy implications.
The Role of Microsimulation in Longitudinal Data Analysis
Authors: Wolf Douglas A.
Published: July 2017

Microsimulation is well known as a tool for static analysis of tax and transfer
policies, for the generation of programmatic cost estimates, and dynamic
analyses of socio-economic and demographic systems. However,
microsimulation also has the potential to contribute to longitudinal data analysis in several ways, including extending the range of outputs generated by a model, addressing several defective-data problems, and serving as a vehicle for missing-data imputation. This paper discusses microsimulation procedures suitable for several commonly-used statistical models applied to longitudinal data. It also addresses the unique role that can be played by microsimulation in longitudinal data analysis, and the problem of accounting for the several sources of variability associated with microsimulation procedures.
Contraceptive sterilization among Canadians, 1984-1995
Authors: Krishnan Vijaya , Martin Kelly
Published: July 2017

Prior to early 1970s, traditional methods were the principal means of controlling the number and spacing of births. Today, an estimated 57 per cent of the world’s married women use contraceptives and half use modern methods such as medical sterilizations. Recent statistics suggest that Canada has the highest sterilization rate in the Western world. This paper presents findings of research examining sterilization trends in Canada with respect to changing patterns in the use of modern contraceptives, using data from the 1984 Canadian Fertility Survey (CFS) and the 1995 General Social Survey (GSS). The main finding is that there is a decrease in the use of tubal ligation and an increase in the use of hysterectomy over the period 1984-1995. Less educated women are more likely to be in the forefront of modern methods of contraception.
The early life courses of Canadian men: analysis of timing and sequences of events
Authors: Ravanera Zenaida R. , Fernando Rajulton , Burch Thomas K. , Le Bourdais Celine
Published: July 2017

This paper focuses on the transition to adulthood of Canadian men born from 1916 to 1975. Through a life course framework, six early life events - school
completion, work start, home-leaving, cohabitation, first marriage, and first birth - are examined using data from the 1995 Canadian General Social Survey of the Family. The trends in the timing and spread of each event, the length of transition to adulthood, and the trajectories to marriage indicate that the early life courses of Canadian men have changed tremendously with more diversified family behaviours and significant increases in ages at school completion and at start of regular work.
Population Aging, Intergenerational Transfers, and the Macroeconomy
Authors: McDaniel Susan A.
Published: July 2017

Population Aging, Intergenerational Transfers, and the Macroeconomy
The pure relationship and below replacement fertility
Authors: Hall David R.
Published: July 2017

Of the many changes which have characterized the second demographic
transition, shifts in fertility and union formation have attracted a great deal of
interest from demographers. Despite the fact that researchers have extensively modeled recent demographic changes such as skyrocketing divorce rates, rising common-law union formation, delayed childbearing, and the decline to belowreplacement fertility levels, our understanding of the causes of these trends, and the possible connections between them remains theoretically fragmented and incomplete. The goal of this paper is to advance our understanding in this area by exploring the insights on modern family formation of prominent sociologist Anthony Giddens. Specifically, this study examines whether Giddens’ “pure relationship” concept can shed light on the trend toward very low fertility. The results of this inquiry suggest that couples in both marriages and common-law unions who conform to key aspects of Giddens pure relationship are more likely to have uncertain or below-replacement fertility intentions, and less likely to embrace above-replacement fertility goals.
A Life Space Perspective to Approach Individual Demographic Processes
Authors: Lelièvre Éva , Robette Nicolas
Published: July 2017

The concept of life space refers to the different locations with which individuals interact along their life course. In this article we present several methodological proposals to describe and measure various territories to which individuals relate over time, taking advantage of a rich data source, the Biographies et entourage survey. We produce relevant indicators which can be used in the study of different demographic processes and demonstrate how this perspective elegantly formalizes the linked dynamics of interactive non-independent trajectories in the case of the couples’ activity space.
Evaluation of small area population estimates produced by Housing Unit, Ratio-correlation and Component Method II compared to 2000 Census counts
Authors: Hoque Nazrul
Published: July 2017

This paper evaluates small area population estimates produced by the Housing Unit Method, Ratio-correlation Method, Component Method II, and the average of all three methods compared to the 2000 Census counts for the 254 counties and 1,279 places in Texas. This evaluation of three estimation methods shows the expected patterns of error by population size and population change. Of the three methods tested, no single method produced more accurate estimates than the average of two or three methods. The assessment of the accuracy of the place-level estimates show substantially higher levels of errors than those found for counties.
The impact of future demographic change on overweight and obesity, and the economic cost associated with this phenomenon, in Georgia (USA), 2000–2040
Authors: Hoque Nazrul
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the impact of future demographic changes on overweight and obesity, and the cost associated with overweight and obesity in Georgia, a rapidly growing and diversifying U.S. state. The number of overweight and obese adults is projected to increase from 3.7 million in 2000 to 10.2 million in 2040, an increase of 178.6 per cent. The annual costs associated with overweight and obesity is projected to increase from $6.8 billion to $21.1 billion, an increase of 209.8 per cent. The changes in overweight and obesity are predominantly driven by population growth, aging, and diversification of population.
Evolution of Daily Activity Patterns from 1971 to 1981: A Study of the Halifax Activity Panel Survey
Authors: Harvey Andrew S. , Wilson Clarke
Published: July 2017

Episode sequences from diaries are the richest source of information about daily activities of individuals and households available to social scientists. Their use has been advocated as an approach to urban planning that incorporates explicit consideration of the demands made by daily life on the built environment. The paper examines sequences of daily activities and activities augmented by data on their settings (including location and the presence of other people) to measure change in daily behaviour from 1971 to 1981. Diaries were supplied by respondents to the Halifax panel study carried out at Dalhousie University. Episode sequences are analysed using alignment methods, also called optimal
matching, developed in molecular biology. These are implemented through the ClustalG multiple alignment program package. Alignment methods define
similarity measures between character strings, which can be used to measure the similarity of two persons’ daily activities, to measure change over time, or to determine the relative similarity of three or more activity diaries. The results of the research showed that both pure activities and activity-settings identified broadly the same behvioural groupings: employed workers, domestic workers, and weekend activities. The similarity of activity patterns of individuals was greater over the ten-year analysis period than the average similarity of the sample in either 1971 or 1981. The average similarity of activity and activitysetting patterns rose from 1971 to 1981, which contradicts observations that daily routines are becoming more complex and diverse.
The changing impact of conjugal status and motherhood on employment across generations of Canadian women
Authors: Pacaut Philippe , Le Bourdais Céline , Laplante Benoît
Published: July 2017

We use event history analysis and retrospective data from the 2001 General Social Survey to study the changing relationships between conjugal life and motherhood and the employment behaviour of Canadian women who were born between 1937 and 1976. Our results show thedecreasing importance of marriage to explain the rhythm of entry and return into the labour market among younger generations of women. However, marriage still appears to increase the rate of work interruption for those who had started working. The effect of motherhood on the key stages of women’s working lives was also found to vary across generations.
Job matching for Chinese and Asian Indian immigrants in Canada
Authors: Fong Eric , Jiao Peter Shi
Published: July 2017

Using recently collected data from Toronto, a major city in Canada, we explored job mismatch among Chinese and Asian Indian immigrants. Our study shows that a relatively small percentage of Chinese immigrants, and an even lower percentage of Asian Indian immigrants, work in the same industry and occupation as they did before immigrating. The multivariate analysis suggests that higher education before immigration does help immigrants secure first jobs that match their jobs before immigration. Though other studies have noted that foreign education has a discount effect on earnings and on securing jobs, our findings show that foreign higher education improves the matching of jobs held before and after immigration. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Canadian Provincial Population Growth: Fertility, Migration, and Age Structure Effects
Authors: Edmonston Barry
Published: July 2017

The effect of changes in rates of mortality, fertility, and migration depend not only on the age-specific patterns and levels of these rates, but on the age structure of the population. In order to remove the influences of the age structure and concentrate on the impact of the demographic rates themselves, a common practice is to analyze the influences of the rates for a standard age structure. This paper adapts the general approach of using a standard age structure to a stationary population equivalent (SPE) model, and analyzes current population change, using the SPE model, for provinces of Canada. Below-replacement fertility levels are only partially offset by net immigration. The SPE model evidences the decrease in the eventual provincial populations brought about by the below replacement fertility. Out-migration for some provinces to other areas of Canada accentuates their eventual population decreases.
Demography of a man-made human catastrophe: The case of massive famine in Ukraine 1932-1933
Authors: Rudnytskyi Omelian , Levchuk Nataliia , Wolowyna Oleh , Shevchuk Pavlo , Kovbasiuk (Savchuk) Alla
Published: July 2017

Estimates of 1932–34 famine direct losses (excess deaths) by age and sex and indirect losses (lost births) are calculated, for the first time, for rural and urban areas of Ukraine. Total losses are estimated at 4.5 million, with 3.9 million excess deaths and 0.6 million lost births. Rural and urban excess deaths are equivalent to 16.5 and 4.0 per cent of respective 1933 populations. We show that urban and rural losses are the result of very different dynamics, as reflected in the respective urban and rural age structures of relative excess deaths.
Sequence Analysis in Demographic Research
Authors: Billari Francesco C.
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the salient features of sequence analysis in demographic
research. The new approach allows a holistic perspective on life course analysis, and is based on a representation of lives as sequences of states. Some of the methods for analysing such data are sketched, from complex description to optimal matching to monothetic divisive algorithms. After a short illustration of a demographically relevant example, the needs in terms of data collection and the opportunities of applying the same approach to synthetic data are discussed.
Fertility in Islamic Republic of Iran: Levels, Trends and Differentials during Three Decades (1967-1996)
Authors: Mohammad Kazem , Farahani Farideh Khalaj Abadi , Rahgozar Mehdi , Farahani Mahmood Mahmoodi
Published: July 2017

This study focuses on the fertility levels and trends of Iranian women aged 10-
49 years during three decades, 1967-1996. Information was collected by
interviewing a systematic cluster sample of 13,253 households. The basic date
of concern was the date of each live born child for a sample of women in
reproductive age and whether the live born was alive at the time of the study.
The detailed nature of these data collected for each birth enabled fertility rates to be calculated for exact periods before the survey, for exact calendar years. Higher fertility rates were found for the period 10-15 and 15-20 years preceding the survey. These high fertility levels are probably due to some socio-economic changes in favor of higher level of fertility immediately after the 1979 revolution. However the results of the present survey show during 1967-1996, the TFR1 had dropped from 6.38 to 2.88 (an expected TFR based on fertility behavior during 1992-96). This decline was probably due to delay in marriage and policy changes in favor of population control particularly since 1987. Despite this potential fertility decline in recent years, Iran is expected to face a baby boom as the offspring who were born during the 1976-86 reach to the reproductive age in the coming decades.
Aging amongst immigrants in Canada: population drift
Authors: Durst Douglas
Published: July 2017

In Canada, two interesting demographic trends have been underway: an aging
population and a growth based upon immigration. These patterns combine to
form a new group that seems to have evaded notice. According to the 2001
Census of Canada, immigrants are older than the national average and almost
31% of the immigrants from Europe are over 65 years of age. Of the total senior
population, 28.4% are immigrants with 5% of Asian descent. Overall, 7.2% of
the senior’s population is a visible minority. These patterns have implications
for policy development and service delivery. As immigrants age in Canada, they will have very different expectations for services than non-immigrants and immigrants who aged in their home country. This paper offers recommendations for policy planners and service providers in health and social welfare services.
The Visible Minority Population in Canada: A Review of Numbers, Growth and Labour Force Issues
Authors: Samuel John , Basavarajappa Kogalur
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the Visible Minority Population in Canada: Numbers, Growth and Labour Force Issues, the characteristics of the visible minority population and labour force are examined including those employed by firms under the Legislated Employment Equity Program and the Federal Contractors Program. The future growth of the visible minority labour force and the socio-economic impact of the findings are discussed along with their implications.