bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La educación de párvulos y la misión pedagógica, un contacto cultural entre Mexico y Estados Unidos, 1883-1910
Authors: Moctezuma Lucia
Published: June 2021

En este artículo, producto de una investigación más amplia, se analiza la adopción de una propuesta pedagógica para el sistema escolar mexicano en : la educación de párvulos, v. Vista desde la perspectiva histórica, donde la misión pedagógica, se convierte en una estrategia para conocer el sistema escolar que circula desde finales del siglo XIX en Europa y del que aprenderán las profesoras mexicanas por la mediación del sistema escolar norteamericano. Becadas para visitar diversos establecimientos escolares en los Estados Unidos, un grupo de profesoras cobrará visibilidad en un medio primordialmente masculino, gracias a sus informes, y sus escritos publicados en revistas pedagógicas y, libros escolares, así como en la práctica y a su ejercicio como profesoras y directoras, dirigiendo grupos o creando escuelas. En esta investigación se analizan además los reportes de sus visitas a las escuelas, sus expedientes personales, así como diversos artículos redactados y publicados en revistas pedagógicas de la época en las que se incluye la fotografía como una fuente de información.
Sistemas de fotoativação e seus impactos nas restaurações em resina composta: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Boaventura Raquel Sampaio , Basílio Mariana Almeida
Published: June 2021

As substâncias fotoiniciadoras e os aparelhos de fotoativação estão diretamente ligados ao desempenho físico-mecânico e químico das resinas compostas. Devido à coloração amarelada proveniente da canforoquinona (CQ), os fotoiniciadores alternativos têm sido usados de forma complementar ou substituta. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver uma revisão da literatura sobre os fotoiniciadores em correlação com a fotoativação e seus impactos nas restaurações em resina composta. A revisão da literatura foi conduzida a partir de buscas nas bases de dados Scielo, PubMed e Google Acadêmico através dos descritores: resinas compostas, polimerização e fotoiniciadores. Na busca realizada no período entre Março e Junho de 2020, dos 42 artigos encontrados, 37 artigos foram utilizados. Dentre as variações dos sistemas fotoiniciadores, observou-se que no geral, elas apresentaram pontos positivos como bom desempenho físico-mecânico e químico com a avaliação do grau de conversão, resistência flexural e microdureza. Assim como apresentaram também pontos negativos como alta toxicidade, formações de gaps e índices insatisfatórios de microinfiltração em dentina. Em relação aos sistemas de fotoativação, os diodos emissores de luz (LEDs), chamados de polywave trouxeram vantagens por possuírem alta irradiância, alto grau de colimação do feixe luminoso, e emitirem um espectro de onda maior, que atinge a cor violeta, necessária para ativar a reação química de polimerização dos fotoiniciadores alternativos. Pode-se concluir que o surgimento das novas substâncias fotoiniciadoras e os aparelhos polywave estabelecem certa harmonia com a capacidade de fornecimento de luz, a reação das substâncias e o alcance das propriedades físico-mecânicas fornecidas por elas.
University Students' Attitudes Towards Gender Roles Predicting Their Value Orientation
Authors: ÇİMEN Ömer Faruk , BULUT SERİN Nergüz
Published: June 2021

An individual's gender determines his position in the society he lives in. According to the social role theory, the differences between the behaviours of women and men can be explained by gender stereotypes and social roles. Value and attitudes go hand in hand. It is noteworthy that the individual has gained or possessed in the situation that causes these attitudes to occur. Therefore, in this research, the goal is to examine to what degree the attitudes of university students towards gender roles predict their value orientation. The participants are comprised 252 undergraduate students in a state university in Turkey and a private university in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus during the academic year 2020-2021. Using the required sampling process, which is one of the non-random sampling techniques, the test sample was calculated. The data of the study were collected in the Social "Gender Roles Attitude" Scale and the "Portrait Value Scale". In the data analysis of the research, in variables that do not show a normal distribution, t-test was used and the relationship of variables with each other was analysed using Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation. Later, based on this relationship, multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine whether the variables predicted each other and if yes, to what extent they do so. The attitudes towards gender roles subscales and meaning orientations were shown to have a statistically positive meaningful association. It was found that the relation between the traditional gender roles sub-dimension of attitude to gender roles and meaning orientations was positively significant. The explanatory perception of the deserving preference of university students towards "traditional gender role" is very strong. Within the framework of the study findings, the related literature was addressed and necessary recommendations were made.
Bioluminescence-based 24 well plate assay for screening fungi for activity against Mycobacterium marinum v1
Authors: Wiles Siouxsie , Grey Alex
Published: June 2021

There is a real and urgent need for new antibiotics which are able to kill Mycobacteria. This group of bacteria includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a deadly human pathogen that latently infects a third of the world’s population. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) and totally-drug resistant (TDR) isolates have also now evolved. Due to the difficulties and dangers involved in culturing M. tuberculosis, an airborne Biosafety Level 3 pathogen, faster-growing and less pathogenic mycobacterial species are routinely exploited for TB research and anti-mycobacterial drug discovery. M. marinum shares conserved virulence determinants with M. tuberculosis and is a pathogen of ectotherms (fish, amphibians and reptiles), as well as causing granulomatous skin infections in humans. Because of the slow growth of many mycobacterial species, we routinely use luciferase-tagged strains1 for our assays. As bacteria only produce light when alive, bioluminescence is an excellent non-destructive real-time reporter to assay for anti-mycobacterial activity in microtitre plate formats using a luminometer2-4or in vivo using sensitive imaging equipment.5 In this protocol, we describe a luminescence-based 24-well plate assay for medium throughput screening of fungal isolates grown on a variety of media for anti-mycobacterial activity against M. marinum. References: Andreu N, Zelmer A, Fletcher T, Elkington PT, Ward TH, Ripoll J, Parish T, Bancroft GJ, Schaible UE, Robertson BD, Wiles S (2010). Optimisation of bioluminescent reporters for use with Mycobacteria. PLOS One. 5(5):e10777 (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010777). Andreu N, Fletcher T, Krishnan N, Wiles S, Robertson BD (2012). Rapid measurement of antituberculosis drug activity in vitro and in macrophages using bioluminescence. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 67(2): 404-14 (doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr472). Dalton JP, Uy B, Phummarin N, Copp BR, Denny WA, Crosier PS, Swift S, Wiles S (2016). Effect of common and experimental anti-tuberculosis treatments on Mycobacterium tuberculosis growing as biofilms. PeerJ. 4:e2717 (doi: 10.7717/peerj.2717). Dalton JP, Uy B, Okuda K, Hall CJ, Denny WA, Crosier PS, Swift S, Wiles S (2017).Screening of anti-mycobacterial compounds in a naturally infected zebrafish embryo model. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 72(2):421-427 (doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw421). Andreu N, Zelmer A, Sampson SL, Ikeh M, Bancroft GJ, Schaible UE, Wiles S, Robertson BD (2013). Rapid in vivo assessment of drug efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an improved firefly luciferase. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 68(9):2118-27 (doi: 10.1093/jac/dkt155).
Assessment of an educational strategy and application of an oral health preventive protocol in early childhood
Authors: De La Roche Colorado Valentina , Franco Cortés Ángela María , Ochoa Acosta Emilia María , Bran Muñoz Vanessa
Published: June 2021

Introduction: in Colombia, educational and preventive strategies to improve oral health in early childhood have been developed, but few evaluative studies have been conducted to assess their results. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge on early childhood oral care acquired by education agents after participating in an educational strategy, and to evaluate the results of the implementation of the Ministry of Health’s preventive protocol “I am a more smiling generation” (Soy una generación más sonriente). Methods: this was a mixed-focus study. The qualitative component was a participatory assessment of learning. It involved 45 education agents registered in a state program, who participated in workshops and focus groups. The quantitative component was a longitudinal study with the participation of 54 mother-child pairs belonging to the same program. The preventive protocol was applied three times over a twelve-month period. It included educational reinforcement and application of fluoride varnish to the children, using oral examination and assessment of their dental caries risk, as well as a survey to identify the families’ social conditions. Results: after applying the preventive protocol, the average carious teeth in children decreased from 3.1 teeth in the first examination to 2.2 in the third one. Prior to application of the preventive protocol, 49% of children had a high risk of developing cavities and in the last visit 63% were at low risk while 5.6% were at high risk. A number of positive aspects result from this learning assessment, including the adoption of new pedagogical strategies to accompany children during oral care practices; there are also some aspects to improve in relation to the persistence of conflicting knowledge concerning children’s rights to oral health. Conclusion: following the application of the preventive protocol, the children’s average carious teeth decreased, as well as their risk for dental caries. Educational agents acquired new knowledge, but uniform knowledge in terms of children’s health rights is still lacking.
Space Law Reform
Authors: Tolstykh V. L.
Published: June 2021

In the past few years, the situation related to the exploration and use of space has changed dramatically. It has been proven that the extraction of space resources can be profitable; there is progress in the development of space technology; space has become an object of interest from private investors; there is a gap between the state of the space industry in the United States and in other countries. These changes resulted in a US-initiated reform aimed at legalizing the appropriation of extracted space resources, as well as, in the long term, at legalizing the appropriation of sites of celestial bodies and resources in situ by both individuals and states. Its instruments are proposals for the reinterpretation of key agreements, new US and Luxembourg law and the Artemis Accords signed on October 13, 2020 by eight states. The first part of the reform is almost complete: even now, we can talk about the emergence of an international custom that legalizes the appropriation of extracted resources. Some states and part of the doctrine, however, advocate the preservation of the regime of the common property and its strengthening through the creation of an international body authorized to issue permits for the extraction of resources and / or the lease of sites of celestial bodies. The reform of space law is important not only in itself, but also as a litmus of the development of general international law: it indicates that international law continues to develop; this process is carried out through the efforts of a narrow alliance of states outside the traditional convention mechanism. The diplomatic potential of Russia is very high: it could not only support a certain option for the development of space law, but also formulate its main parameters.
Characteristics of shell fragments after hitting triplex car glass with shots from a hunting “Saiga” carbine under the 5.45×39 cartridge
Authors: Leonov Sergey V. , Pinchuk Pavel V. , Suhareva Marina A. , Shakiryanova Juliya P.
Published: June 2021

Background: The article aims to assess the possibilities of innovative research methods in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersion analysis (EDS) forensic medicine. The described methods were used in experimental studies of a gunshot retrograde injury. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the particles formed during the destruction of a semi-shell shell and an obstacle (triplex car glass) when fired from a hunting Saiga carbine with 5.4539 cartridges. Material and methods: Triplex windshields from BMW and Mercedes-Benz cars were used as barriers. The shots were fired from a hunting Saiga carbine with a 5.4539 cartridge from a distance of 10 m. As targets, white calico with dimensions of 100150 cm was used, while stretched on a wooden frame or fixed on a chipboard. The distance between the target and the barrier was 100 cm, which approximately corresponded to the distance from the car windshield to the driver and the passenger in the front seat. The studies were conducted using the SEM Hitachi FlexSem1000 II and the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer Bruker Quantax 80. Results: Microscopy helped identify seven types of foreign bodies on the surface of the target, which were the products of destruction of the fire projectile and the barrier: glass fragments, glass fragments, crumbly depositions of glass particles, glass fragments caked with the projectile metal, fragments of the projectile, spherical metal particles, and overlays of molten metal in the form of puddles. EDS helped determine the elemental composition of the barrier particles, fire shell, and the overlap of target particles. Conclusion. The experimental study demonstrated that the use of SEM and EDS significantly increased the effectiveness and evidence-based expert research value while solving the problems of causing damage through the barrier-the windscreen of modern cars.
Pengembangan Media Podcast untuk Keterampilan Menyimak Mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Negeri Malang
Authors: Ilana Virlya Rahma , Hidayat Edy , Mardasari Octi Rjeky
Published: June 2021

Abstract: The purpose of this development is to develop podcast media in Mandarin learning that focuses on listening skill of Chinese Language Education Study Program students 2019, State University of Malang.The development model used is the ADDIE model with five development stages, including analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The media developed by the researcher of this present study has been validated by media experts and material experts and tested on the 2019 Chinese language education study program students who take Listening 1. Development data were obtained from validation questionnaires for media experts and material experts, observation sheets, and questionnaires for the student. The results showed that the use of this podcast media helps in improving students' listening skill and also explains vocabulary in easy-to-understand podcast media. In addition, this podcast media is suitable to be used as a learning resource in improving students' listening skill. Based on the above discussion, it can be concluded that this podcast media can be used to practice Chinese listening skills.

Keywords: development, podcast media, listening skill

Abstrak: Penelitian dan pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran podcast dalam pembelajaran bahasa Mandarin yang berfokus pada keterampilan Menyimak mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin angkatan 2019 Universitas Negeri Malang. Model penelitian dan pengembangan yang peneliti gunakan adalah model ADDIE yang berisi lima tahapan pengembangan, yaitu tahap analisis, tahap perancangan, tahap pengembangan, tahap implementasi, dan tahap evaluasi. Media yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti telah divalidasikan kepada ahli media dan ahli materi, serta telah melalui uji coba pada mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin angkatan 2019 yang mengambil mata kuliah Menyimak 1. Data pengembangan didapatkan dari lembar angket validasi ahli media dan ahli materi, lembar observasi, dan lembar angket mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media podcast yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti membantu dalam meningkatkan keterampilan Menyimak mahasiswa dan juga penjelasan kosakata dalam media podcast yang mudah dipahami. Selain itu media yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti sudah sesuai untuk digunakan sebagai sumber belajar dalam meningkatkan keterampilan Menyimak mahasiswa.  Berdasarkan pembahasan di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media podcast yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti dapat digunakan untuk melatih keterampilan Menyimak bahasa Mandarin.

Kata kunci: pengembangan, media podcast, keterampilan menyimak
History of the Ilizarovs wire-fixator, stages of hand surgery development at the Ilizarov Center
Authors:   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Shevtsov V.I. , Kirienko A.P. ,   Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy, Shikhaleva N.G. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Novikov K.I. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Introduction Hand surgery has its own history in each country which is done by outstanding doctors and scientists. Аcademician G.A. Ilizarov, the founder of transosseous osteosynthesis, is one of such personalities. Purpose of the work To analyze the stages of development and application of transosseous osteosynthesis in hand surgery, proposed by Academician G.A. Ilizarov. Methods The process of creation and development of transosseous osteosynthesis for short tubular bones was analyzed. We present the main designs and developers of the inventions related to extrafocal osteosynthesis of hand bones. The structural divisions of the Ilizarov Center, in which medical care was provided to the patients with hand pathology, were stated. Results The entire existence and active use of the Ilizarov mini-fixator can be represented by five periods, starting from the period of comprehending the need for its design. Currently, we are in the period of its combined use in conjunction with the reconstruction of hand soft tissues. Conclusion The names of scientists who have made a significant contribution to the development of the Ilizarov method of transosseous osteosynthesis for the hand surgery were given in the final summary. Thanks to the results of their work, we have the opportunity to further develop hand surgery in accordance with the contemporary scientific requirements
Outcomes using the Ilizarov external mini-fixator for Monteggia fractures in children
Authors:   The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China, Li K. , Rong S. ,   The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China, Zheng C. ,   The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China, Teng Y. ,   The General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi, China, Li H. ,   The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China, Liu L. ,   The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China, Zhen K. ,   The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China, Shen X. ,   The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China, Feng J. ,   The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China, Li F. ,   The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China
Published: June 2021

Objective To evaluate the use of Ilizarov external mini-fixation in the treatment of Monteggia fractures (dislocation of the radial head with an associated fracture of the proximal ulna) in children. Methods Children with proximal ulnar fracture were included and underwent fracture reduction surgery with Ilizarov external mini-fixators, followed by immobilization of the supinated forearm with plaster. The reduction was evaluated intra-operatively using arthrography. Mackay criteria were used to evaluate clinical outcomes at follow-up. Results A total of 15 children were included in the study. Mackay efficacy was 100 %, indicating excellent outcomes using the Ilizarov external mini-fixator. Conclusion Use of the Ilizarov external mini–fixator is particularly suitable in the treatment of children with comminuted and compression fractures of proximal ulna. It is easy to operate, low invasive and is worthy of promotion.
Is arthroplasty inevitable after Ilizarov hip reconstruction of unstable hip joints in adolescents and young adults? Long-Term Evaluation of 136 Cases
Authors:   Benha University, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt, Hosny G.A. , Ahmed A.-S. A.-A. ,   Benha University, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
Published: June 2021

Introduction Whereas hip joint destroying trauma and diseases are difficult situations, the problem is more complex when it is complicated by hip instability. This could be a sequel of several hip affections such as trauma, septic or tuberculous arthritis, neglected developmental dysplasia of the hip, postoperative conditions, and neurologic pathologies (cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele, poliomyelitis). Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate long-term radiographic and clinical outcomes of the Ilizarov hip reconstruction for the treatment of painful and unstable hips in adolescents and young adults. Materials and methods The study included 136 patients with an average age of 18.3 years (range, 6 to 34 years); 75 patients were males (55.1%) and 61 females (44.9%). The primary causes of the hip instability were untreated or unsuccessfully treated cases of septic arthritis (40 cases; 29.4 %), congenital hip dislocation (28 cases; 20.6 %), paralytic hip dislocation (36 cases; 26.5 %), proximal femoral focal deficiency (14 cases; 10.3 %), neglected fracture of the femoral neck (10 cases; 7.4 %), osteoarthritis (6 cases; 4.4 %), and tuberculous hip arthritis (2 cases; 1.5 %). The intervention consisted in the performance of two osteotomies (proximal and distal) of the femur with pelviс support and placement of the Ilizarov apparatus of a specific assembly. Results The external fixation period ranged from 4 to 12 months (6.5 months on average). Patients were followed up for an average of 17.4 years (range, 5 to 27 years). Multiple clinical parameters at final follow-ups showed significant improvement, including pain relief, pain-free walking distance, lameness, hip flexion and abduction, hip contracture, and lumbar lordosis. Functionally, the mean Harris Hip Score improved with a statistically significant difference from 48 points (range, 35–65) before surgery to 83 points (range 70–90) after surgery. The pain disappeared in all patients, with the exception of six cases of pain in the early postoperative period. In all cases, supportive walking aids were no longer necessary, with the exception of two cases of persistent pain by physical activities. Walking ability and painless walking distance improved in all patients from an average of 35 m (range, 10 to 50 m) before surgery to 1,150 m (range, 1,000 to 1,500 m) after surgery, showing significant difference. Conclusion Ilizarov pelvic support osteotomy provided a multi-purpose solution to the complex challenging problem of hip instability in adolescents and young adults with variable primary etiologies. The improvements in the hip motion, mechanical axis, and correction of limb-length discrepancy lead to good functional outcomes over a long-term follow-up. This treatment modality might avoid or postpone the need for total hip arthroplasty for several years.
Tibial lengthening in achondroplasia patients aged 6–9 years as the first stage of growth correction
Authors:   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Menshchikova T.I. , Aranovich A.M. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Background Height increase and improvement of body proportions for achondroplasia patients normally require two or more stages of reconstructive treatment to be followed by rehabilitation between lengthening periods, and growth correction can take a significant part of life in the cohort of patients. What is the best age to start growth correction is an important question. The purpose of this paper was to present an argument for arranging the first stage of growth correction in achondroplasia patients aged 6–9 years based on the structural and functional muscle evaluation of tibiae to be lengthened. Material and methods Achondroplasia patients aged 6–9 years (n = 30) were examined preoperatively, during distraction, fixation and at 1.5 to 2 years of frame removal. Tibial lengthening was produced monofocally and bifocally. Contractile force of the dorsal and plantar flexion muscles of the foot was measured with dynamometer. Ultrasonography of tibial muscles was performed with HITACHI ultrasound imaging device (Japan). Results Achondroplasia patients aged 6–9 year who underwent tibial lengthening of at least 50% of the initial length developed neuropathy in 2.6 % of cases and soft tissue inflammation in 5.6 % of cases. Characteristic muscle striation of m. tibialis anterior and m. extensor digitorum longus appeared to restore at 1.5 to 2 years of tibial lengthening with clear contouring of the intermuscular septa and retained contractile force of the muscles. The contractile force restored to 96.15 % of preoperative level in the anterior tibial muscles, and to 101.92 % in the posterior muscles. Conclusion The comprehensive clinical, ultrasonographic and dynamometric evaluation of tibial muscles presented a good argument for tibial lengthening in achondroplasia patients aged 6–9 years. Regained muscle striation and spare capacity of m. tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus, the restored force of the anterior tibial muscles to 96.15 % of the preoperative level suggested the possibility for the next stage of growth correction.
The Benefits of Mindfulness for University Students
Authors: Maher Christina
Published: June 2021

Background: Mindfulness training is increasingly being adopted to address mental health concerns among university students (Kuyken et al., 2017). Previous research has supported mindfulness with empirical evidence as an autonomous, accessible, and cost-effective intervention for stress and anxiety (Flett, Conner, Rordan, Patterson, & Hayne, 2020).Aim: The purpose of this study was (1) to examine the prevalence of student stress and anxiety alongside student mindfulness interest and experience; (2) to examine the benefits of mindfulness training through the perspectives of cognitive neuroscience, population health, and behavioral economics; and (3) to examine the cost-effectiveness of mindfulness training for university students.Methods: To address these aims, an anonymous online survey incorporating both the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was administered to students at a liberal arts university in New England to quantify the prevalence of student stress and mindfulness. It was hypothesized that scores on the PSS would be inversely correlated with scores on the FFMQ .Results: The results demonstrated a significant negative correlation between FFMQ and PSS scores, r (107) = -.507, p < 0.01.Conclusion: The implications of this study are beneficial in establishing mindfulness training as an effective and cost-effective approach to promoting mental health in students. The study concluded with a data-informed recommendation for educational strategy based upon survey and research findings.
Board of Directors
Authors: BHAC Journal Building Healthy Academic Communities
Published: June 2021

No abstract available.
Lung damage caused by COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia in children: Сomparative clinical and laboratory analysis
Authors: Leshсhenko I. V. , Tsarkova S. A. , Lapshin M. A. , Aristarkhova A. M.
Published: June 2021

The study is devoted to the challenge of interpreting the lung damage associated with COVID-19 in children and the necessity for antimicrobial therapy in this disease. The aim of the research was a comparative analysis of clinical, radiological and laboratory signs in children with COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods. The observational comparative study included medical records of 53 children with the lung damage at the age of 1 year 4 months up to 17 years old, hospitalized for the period from June to August 2020. All children were tested for Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 34 patients with SARS-CoV-2+ were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 19 children with SARS-CoV-2– were diagnosed with CAP. The assessment included medical history, clinical, laboratory and radiological changes. Results. Distinctive reliable clinical, laboratory, and X-ray signs of lung damage in COVID-19 compared to CAP were olfactory impairment (26%), bilateral lung damage (23%), erythrocytosis, leukopenia (20.6%), granulocyto- and monocytopenia, lower levels of reactive protein (CRP). Irrational prescribing of antibiotics (94%) was detected in the group of patients with COVID-19. Conclusion. We established the reliable clinical, laboratory and radiological features of COVID-19 in children, which indicate the viral nature of lung damage.
Toll-like receptors in pathophysiology of asthma
Authors: Kytikovа O. Yu. , Novgorodtseva T. P. , Denisenko Yu. K. , Antonyuk M. V. , Gvozdenko T. A.
Published: June 2021

In the last decade, significant research has been focused on Toll-like reseptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. The presented data show that TLR-mediated signaling can be directed both at the successful alleviation of the inflammatory reaction in the respiratory tract, and at its development and aggravation. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract caused by genetic factors, allergens, or microbial agents. TLRs play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. TLRs recognize a wide range of microbial molecules, endogenous molecules, and air allergens and modulate the allergic sensitization. An important feature of TLRs is their participation in the development of an immune response to viral and bacterial infections that cause severe exacerbations of asthma. TLRs are expressed on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic airway cells, which play an immunomodulatory role in the development of asthma when activated by TLRs agonists. Due to the involvement of TLRs in innate and adaptive immunity and the ability to regulate adaptive Th-response, these receptors are currently being used as possible targets for drug development. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms and ways in which TLRs are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma may suggest new strategies for controlling the disease.
Cough in the post COVID period: clinical examples
Authors: Fesenko O. V.
Published: June 2021

Among the extensive list of manifestations of post COVID syndrome, cough is often found. Most researchers interpret its character as post infection. In some patients, post infection cough becomes productive, and combined mucoactive therapy is required for effective treatment. Since the onset of the pandemic, clinical descriptions of spontaneous pneumothorax have accumulated in the literature. The risk of this complication is present even in patients who are not burdened with chronic lung diseases, as well as those who are breathing spontaneously. The study of the mechanisms of development of spontaneous pneumothorax in COVID-19 is necessary for the development of further therapeutic and preventive measures. Traction bronchiectasis occurs in 27 – 52.5% of cases of new coronavirus infection. Changes in the structure of the bronchi predispose to chronic cough and recurrent infections. Respiratory viral infection has been considered in the past as a trigger for bronchial asthma. There is controversy over the new coronavirus. Asthma has been suggested as a protective factor in COVID-19, due to the specific inflammation profile that protects patients. In some patients who have had COVID-19, the cough is due to hyperventilation syndrome. To explain it, a hypothesis of impaired respiratory control was proposed. The paper presents clinical examples illustrating a wide range of pathological conditions accompanied by cough. Possible relationships between cough and previous coronavirus infection are discussed.
Educar en tiempos de pandemia: Un nuevo impulso para la transformación digital del sistema educativo en la Argentina
Authors: Cardini Alejandra , Bergamaschi Andrea , D'Alessandre Vanessa , Ollivier Agustina
Published: June 2021

La incorporación de tecnologías digitales a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje tiene un enorme potencial para ampliar las oportunidades de que los niños, niñas, adolescentes y jóvenes desplieguen trayectorias escolares completas, extensas y densas en aprendizajes. Desde mediados de 2020, debido a las medidas para la contención de la circulación del COVID-19, el sistema educativo migró masivamente al espacio digital para impulsar respuestas de emergencia para sostener la continuidad pedagógica. Desde entonces, las políticas educativas digitales, en marcha desde hacía más de dos décadas, recibieron un impulso insospechado. La nota hace foco en las respuestas educativas de emergencia vinculadas con la digitalización del sistema educativo argentino en el 2020. Su propósito es ofrecer información relevante para caracterizar las tendencias recientes e identificar su potencial y áreas de mejora para consolidar políticas digitales sistémicas que contribuyan, en el corto plazo, a potenciar los modelos de educación híbrida y, en el mediano plazo, a transformar el tiempo escolar en una experiencia más disfrutable y enriquecedora que impulse el aprendizaje dialógico, crítico y en profundidad para cada estudiante.
Frame Detection with Deep Learning
Authors: YILDIRIM Mete , SOKULLU Radosveta İvanova
Published: June 2021

Deep learning has become a way of solution for the realization of complex computations. As electronic communication starts to use more complex channels, the systems need to handle tough computations. For this reason, research on the use of deep learning in communication has increased recently. These researches aim to realize many applications used in communication with deep learning. Frame detection is one of the first things a receiver must handle and it may require a lot of hard computations. Deep learning-based frame detection can be an alternative approach. This study aims to build models that perform frame detection with deep learning. The proposed models provide the performance of correlation-based frame receivers commonly used for frame detection. The mean square root error of the prediction deviation is used as an evaluation metric to compare the proposed model to classic systems.
The effectiveness of Hymes’ ethnography of communication model in teaching English learners reading comprehension
Authors: Farrokh Parisa
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a discoursal approach on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ reading comprehension ability. A Quick Placement Test (QPT) was used to select 60 intermediate EFL learners as the participants of this study. Then, they were divided into experimental and control groups. Each group consisted of 30 learners. Prior to the treatment, the participants of both groups were given a pre-test to determine their reading comprehension levels. The experimental group was exposed to the Hymes’ model. In the control group the researcher used a traditional approach for teaching the reading skill. Then a post-test was administered to both groups. An independent samples t-test between post-tests of the study and a paired-samples t-test between the pre-test and post-test of the groups of the study were run. The results of the study indicated that applying Hymes’ model improved the learners’ reading comprehension while the traditional approach did not.

ﻛﺎ ن اﻟ ﮭد ف ﻣ ن ھذه اﻟ د را ﺳﺔ ھو اﻟﺗﺣ ﻘﯾ ق ﻓ ﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﯾ ر اﻟﻧﮭ ﺞ اﻟﺗد ر ﯾﺑ ﻲ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﻗد ر ة اﻟ ط ﻼ ب ا ﻹ ﯾ ر اﻧ ﯾﯾ ن ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﺗ ﻌﻠ م اﻟﻘ ر ا ءة واﻟ ﻛﺗﺎﺑ ﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠ ﻐﺔ ا ﻹﻧ ﺟﻠﯾ زﯾﺔ ﻛﻠ ﻐﺔ أ ﺟﻧﺑﯾﺔ. ﺗم ا ﺳﺗ ﺧدام ا ﺧﺗﺑﺎ ر ﺗ ﺣدﯾد اﻟ ﻣ ﺳﺗ و ى اﻟ ﺳرﯾ ﻊ (QPT) ( ﻟﻠﺗﺄ ﻛد ﻣ ن ﺗ ﺟﺎﻧ س ﻣﺗ ﻌﻠ ﻣ ﻲ اﻟﻠ ﻐﺔ اﻹ ﻧ ﺟﻠﯾ زﯾ ﺔ ﻛﻠ ﻐﺔ أ ﺟﻧﺑﯾ ﺔ اﻟذﯾ ن ﻛﺎﻧ وا ﻓ ﻲ ﻓ ﺻ ﻠﯾ ن د را ﺳﯾﯾ ن. ﺛم، ﺗم ﺗﻘ ﺳﯾ ﻣﮭم ﺑ ﺷﻛل ﻋﺷواﺋ ﻲ إﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺟﻣوﻋﺎ ت ﺗ ﺟرﯾﺑﯾ ﺔ وﻣراﻗﺑ ﺔ. ﻛل ﻣ ﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﺗﺗﺄﻟ ف ﻣ 30 ﻣﺗ ﻌﻠ ﻣﺎ. ﻗﺑ ل اﻟ ﻌ ﻼج، ﺗم إ ﻋطﺎ ء اﻟ ﻣ ﺷﺎ رﻛﯾ ن ﻣ ن ﻛ ﻼ اﻟ ﻣ ﺟﻣوﻋﺗﯾ ن ﻗﺑ ل ا ﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎ ر ﻟﺗ ﺣدﯾد ﻣ ﺳﺗ وﯾﺎ ت اﻟ ﻔ ﮭم اﻟ ﻘ ر ا ءة ﻟ دﯾ ﮭم. ﺗ ﻌر ﺿ ت اﻟﻣ ﺟ ﻣو ﻋ ﺔ اﻟ ﺗ ﺟ ر ﯾﺑﯾ ﺔ ﻟﻧ ﻣو ذ ج اﻟ ﺗ ر اﺗﯾ ل . ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻣ ﺟ ﻣو ﻋ ﺔ اﻟ ﺿ ﺎﺑ ط ﺔ، ا ﺳ ﺗ ﺧ دم اﻟ ﺑﺎ ﺣ ث اﻟﻣﻧ ﮭ ﺞ اﻟ ﺗﻘﻠﯾد ي ﻟﺗد ر ﯾ س ﻣﮭﺎ ر ة اﻟ ﻘ ر ا ءة. ﺛم ﺗدا ر ﺑ ﻌد ا ﻻ ﺧ ﺗﺑﺎ ر ﻟ ﻛ ﻼ اﻟ ﻔ ر ﯾﻘﯾ ن . ﺗم إ ﺟ ر ا ء ا ﺧ ﺗﺑﺎ ر ﻣ ﺳ ﺗﻘ ل ﻟ ﻌﯾﻧﺎ ت t ﺑﯾن ا ﻻ ﺧ ﺗﺑ ﺎ ر ﯾ ن اﻟﻼ ﺣ ﻘﯾ ن ﻟﻠد ر ا ﺳ ﺔ و ا ﺧ ﺗﺑﺎ ر t اﻟﻣﻘﺗ ر ن ﺑﺎﻟ ﻌﯾﻧﺎ ت ﺑﯾ ن ا ﻻ ﺧ ﺗﺑﺎ ر اﻟﻣ ﺳ ﺑ ق و ا ﻻ ﺧ ﺗﺑﺎ ر اﻟﻼ ﺣ ق ﻟ ﻣ ﺟ ﻣو ﻋ ﺎ ت اﻟد ر ا ﺳ ﺔ. أ ﺷ ﺎ ر ت ﻧﺗﺎﺋ ﺞ اﻟد ر ا ﺳ ﺔ إﻟﻰ أ ن ﺗ ط ﺑﯾ ق ﻧ ﻣو ذ ج ھ ﺎﯾ ﻣز ﻗد ﺣ ﺳ ن ﻣ ن ﻓ ﮭم اﻟ ﻘ ر ا ءة ﻟﻠﻣﺗ ﻌﻠ ﻣﯾ ن ﻓ ﻲ ﺣ ﯾ ن أ ن اﻟ ﻧ ﮭ ﺞ اﻟ ﺗﻘﻠﯾد ي ﻟ م ﯾﻔ ﻌل ذﻟ ك
Using Turnitin to help students understand plagiarism
Authors: Waigand Angela Unger
Published: June 2021

The use of plagiarism detection software such as Turnitin or SafeAssign has become common in higher education. While frequently used to catch plagiarism, some institutions have used it as a learning tool to help students better understand plagiarism and the conventions of academic writing. In an international branch campus in the Middle East, a survey was given to undergraduate students, primarily second language students, on the use of Turnitin to help with their writing. Most participants found that the software helped them improve their paraphrasing skills, understand the use of citations, avoid plagiarism and, to a lesser extent, improve their language skills.

أﺻﺑ ﺢ ا ﺳﺗ ﺧدام ﺑ رﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻛﺷ ف ﻋن ا ﻻﻧﺗ ﺣﺎ ل ﻣﺛ ل Turnitin أو SafeAssign ﺷ ﺎ ﺋ ﻌًﺎ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟ ﺗ ﻌ ﻠ ﯾ م ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺎ ﻟ ﻲ . ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟ ر ﻏ م ﻣ ن ا ﺳ ﺗ ﺧ د ا ﻣ ﮭ ﺎ ﺑ ﺷ ﻛ ل ﻣﺗ ﻛرر ﻟﻠﻘﺑ ض ﻋﻠ ﻰ ا ﻻﻧﺗ ﺣﺎ ل ، ﻓﻘد ا ﺳﺗ ﺧدﻣﺗ ﮫ ﺑ ﻌ ض اﻟ ﻣؤﺳﺳﺎ ت ﻛﺄداة ﺗ ﻌﻠﯾ ﻣﯾ ﺔ ﻟ ﻣ ﺳﺎ ﻋدة اﻟ طﻼب ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻓ ﮭم ا ﻻﻧﺗ ﺣﺎ ل ﺑ ﺷﻛل أﻓ ﺿ ل واﺗﻔﺎ ﻗﯾﺎ ت اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑ ﺔ ا ﻷ ﻛﺎدﯾ ﻣﯾ ﺔ. ﻓ ﻲ ﺣ ر م ﻓ ر ع دو ﻟ ﻲ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺷ ر ق ا ﻷ و ﺳ ط ، ﺗم إ ﺟ ر ا ء د ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ا ﺳ ﺗﻘ ﺻ ﺎﺋﯾ ﺔ ﻟ ط ﻼ ب اﻟﻣر ﺣ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟﺟ ﺎ ﻣﻌﯾ ﺔ ، و ﺧ ﺎ ﺻ ﺔ ط ﻼ ب اﻟﻠ ﻐﺔ اﻟ ﺛﺎﻧﯾ ﺔ ، ﺣ و ل ا ﺳ ﺗ ﺧ دا م Turnitin ﻟﻠﻣ ﺳ ﺎ ﻋ دة ﻓ ﻲ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎﺗ ﮭم. و ﺟ د ﻣﻌ ظ م اﻟﻣ ﺷ ﺎ ر ﻛﯾ ن أ ن اﻟ ﺑ ر ﻧﺎ ﻣ ﺞ ﺳ ﺎ ﻋ دھ م ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﺗ ﺣ ﺳ ﯾ ن ﻣﮭﺎ ر ا ت إ ﻋ ﺎدة اﻟ ﺻ ﯾﺎ ﻏ ﺔ وﻓ ﮭم ا ﺳﺗ ﺧدام ا ﻻﺳﺗ ﺷﮭﺎدا ت وﺗ ﺟﻧ ب ا ﻻﻧﺗ ﺣﺎ ل وﺗ ﺣﺳﯾ ن ﻣﮭﺎ راﺗ ﮭم اﻟﻠ ﻐوﯾﺔ إﻟ ﻰ ﺣد أﻗ ل.
Barriers to Technology Integration in a Technology-Rich Environment
Authors: Schoepp Kevin
Published: June 2021

This paper reports on one segment of a research project which investigates what faculty members perceive to be acting as barriers in their attempts to integrate [information and communication] technology into their teaching at a laptop university. A web-based questionnaire was used to collect information from 69/288 (24%) faculty members from a small U.A.E. university. From the data gathered, patterns and associations emerged from which the researcher is able provide recommendations as to what type of interventions and programs could be provided to increase current levels of teaching with technology.
Fuerza Aérea Colombiana: motor propulsor hacia el espacio ultraterrestre del país hacia un triple desarrollo
Authors: Barrero Barrero David
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre el enfoque cualitativo a partir del análisis documental, con el fin de demostrar la oportunidad que tiene un país como Colombia, al participar con su Fuerza Aérea en una estructura estatal llamada Comisión Colombiana del Espacio (CCE), y que ha buscado por años alcanzar y consolidar el espacio ultraterrestre para los nacionales. Esa oportunidad se denominó triple desarrollo, debido a los beneficios que tiene actualmente incluir otro escenario como el espacial para aumentar las posibilidades de desarrollo humano. A partir de un análisis documental cualitativo, la pregunta por responder es ¿existen beneficios para Colombia con el uso del espacio ultraterrestre? En ese sentido, los hallazgos del triple desarrollo encontrados fueron: en primer lugar, el factor sostenible, pues organizaciones como Naciones Unidas (UN por sus siglas en inglés) promueven las posibilidades de reducir las brechas de desigualdad y pobreza con el uso del espacio como fuente de logro; en segundo lugar, la oportunidad económica y social, ya que el espacio genera fuentes de ingreso y eliminación de gastos para Colombia al pagar a otros países el suministro de servicios espaciales; y la tercera oportunidad es el desarrollo tecnológico y la industria. Si Colombia logra consolidar capacidades en estos sentidos, el salto cualitativo hacia la solución de la problemática nacional permitirá hacer un cambio en la historia del país, una nueva hoja de ruta donde el desarrollo y la supervivencia puedan ser moldeables. Lo anterior es parte de la principal conclusión a la cual se espera llegar.
Paramagnetic contrast enhancement in MRI imaging of liver using an original hepatotropic high-affinity agent GDOF-Mn-DTPA
Authors: Podyablonsky A. S. , Belyanin M. L. , Borodin O. Yu. , Belousov M. V. , Brazovskiy K. S. , Krivoshchekov S. V. , Ussov W. Yu. , Shimanovskii N. L.
Published: June 2021

Background. The use of modern hepatotropic contrast compounds is associated with the risk of side-effects, like accumulation of metal ions in tissues and the development of systemic pathological reactions. Therefore, currently, obtaining of high-affinity hepatotropic drugs is under investigation.Objective. There was studied the dependence of specific contrast properties of the paramagnetic complex 2-(2-carboxymethyl-(4-hexa-decyloxyphenyl-carbamoyl-methyl))-aminoethyl-(4-hexadecyl-oxyphenylcarbamoyl methyl)-aminoacetic acid with manganese — GDOF-Mn-DTPA — in magnetic resonance imaging from the administered dose of the drug. Design and methods. The dynamics of changes in the liver contrast ratio over time at different dosages of the contrast compound GDOF-Mn-DTPA was evaluated, and changes in the T1 relaxation time of liver and kidney tissue of laboratory animals (Wistar rats, more than 300 g) at different dosages of GDOF-Mn-DTPA were calculated.Results. Visual analysis of contrast-enhanced MRI scans with GDOF-Mn-DTPA already at a dose of 0.025 mmol/kg reliably visualized the accumulation of paramagnet in the liver, while further concentration of the drug in the bile ducts of animals was noted, with the actual absence of visually detectable kidney contrast. When evaluating the T1 relaxation time for the liver and kidneys, a persistent decrease in the T1 time for liver tissue was obtained for doses of 0.1, 0.05 and 0.025 mmol/kg, in particular for 0.025 mmol/kg from the initial 760 (747–755) MS to 488 (474–505) MS (p < 0.02). On the contrary, the obtained values of T1 relaxation time for kidney tissue showed no significant accumulation of the paramagnetic contrast compound GDOF-Mn-DTPA to the renal parenchyma at a dosage of 0.025 mmol / kg or lower. GDOF-Mn-DTPA showed a high degree of hepatoselectivity, with a pronounced reduced excretion through the kidneys.Conclusion. The GDOF-Mn-DTPA complex is a stable compound with a high degree of selective contrast of the hepatic parenchyma, with minimal or no renal excretion, a reliable basis for a hepatoselective contrast agent for imaging and functional studies of the liver with MRI and clinical use in the near future.
Left ventricle longitudinal strain of the endocardial and epicardial layers and left ventricle remodelling in children born with low and extremely low body weight aged from one to five years old
Authors: Pavlyukova E. N. , Kolosova M. V. , Neklyudova G. V. , Karpov R. S.
Published: June 2021

Background. In last decades, the number of babies born preterm has increased significantly. Premature newborns are more susceptible to cardiovascular disease in the long-term. To identify subclinical myocardial impairment in premature infants, an assessment of of the left ventricle (LV) deformation could be used.Objective. The aim of the study was to study the left ventricle (LV) Longitudinal Strain of the endocardial, middle and epicBardial layers in children born with very low and extremely low body weight, at the age from one to five years.Design and methods. The study included 88 children aged from one to 5 years old, born very premature with very low and extremely low body weight. The comparison group consisted of 43 healthy children of the same age, born full-term. The LV Longitudinal Strain of the endocardial, middle and epicardial layers was studied using the Speckle Tracking Imaging-2D Strain.Results. In children aged 1 to 5 years, born with very low and extremely low body weight, changes in the gradient of transmural wall Strain and a decrease in LV segments longitudinal strain were detected in 15.90 % and 14.77 % of cases, respectively. Mothers of children born prematurely and who subsequently registered disturbance of the transmural gradient of left ventricular strain in 10 cases (71.43 %) had a history of threatened termination of pregnancy. The threat of termination of pregnancy was noted in all women whose children had a decrease in LV segmental strain. In children who have normal of LV segmental strain, the threat of termination of pregnancy in mothers was registered in 16 cases (26.23 %). LV remodeling is observed in children with a change in the gradient of transmural wall strain or and with a decrease in LV longitudinal segment strain. Conclusion. Changes in the transmural gradient of wall deformation or reduction of segmental LV deformation in the longitudinal direction in premature infants require correction of the conventional algorithm of dispensary observation in an outpatient setting.
Approaches to modeling pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in rodents and medium-sized laboratory animals
Authors: Karpov A. A. , Smirnov S. S. , Shilenko L. A. , Plisko G. A. , Krotova N. V. , Vaulina D. D.
Published: June 2021

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease. It is still associated with high hospital mortality, as well as with the development of acute and chronic complications. Treatment and prevention of PE and its complications requires high-tech approaches aimed at improving the prognosis of patients. In this regard, experimental studies aimed at studying the pathogenesis, improving diagnostic methods and searching for new pharmacological substances for the prevention and treatment of PE are in demand from the point of view of clinical practice. Considering the current trends in preclinical research, experimental work on rodents — mice, rats, hamsters, as well as on medium-sized laboratory animals (rabbits) is becoming more and more common. The use of these animal species is ethically acceptable and economically viable. The choice of a specific type of animal and a method for modeling PE is primarily determined by the objectives of the study. This article provides an overview of the main approaches to modeling PE, as well as discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Special attention is paid to the modeling of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) as one of the most dangerous complications of PE. The work analyzed publications from 1978 to 2020, in which PE was simulated in rodents and medium laboratory animals.