bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Approach to Evaluate the Correspondence Between Wear Facet Position and Occlusal Movements
Authors: Kullmer Ottmar , Schulz Dieter , Benazzi Stefano
Published: March 2012

The position of dental wear facets depends on crown morphology, antagonistic relation, and occlusal movements. The correspondence between specific directions of movements and the position of wear facets cannot be easily evaluated in vivo and has never been tested experimentally. An experimental analysis was carried out to provide evidence that explicit occlusal movements are responsible for the spatial position of wears facets. Unworn dental stone replicas of modern human prosthetic molar were mounted in a physical dental articulator, and the upper dental arch was ground against the lowers to create a wear facet pattern. The relief guided movements were constrained sequentially by means of three different condyle box setups: (1) experienced‐based mean values for sagittal condyle inclination, lateroretrusion, Benett angle, and transversal condyle inclination were used; (2) pure retrusion and immediate side shift movements were added; (3) retrusion and immediate side shift were increased. Finally, the upper and lower first molars were surface scanned and macrowear facets were quantified in four wear stages. The results show that a wear facet pattern was created similar to what is seen on human molars in vivo occlusion. Some facets only developed if specific directions of movement were carried out. Therefore, we posit that an analysis of wear facet patterns is useful in recreating the individual occlusal movements. This information can be used not only to guide reproducible functional reconstructions of crown relief and dental arches but also to deduce jaw movements when, for example, isolated primate teeth are discovered in paleontological contexts. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conditional activation of β‐catenin signaling in mice leads to severe defects in intervertebral disc tissue
Authors: Wang Meina , Tang Dezhi , Shu Bing , Wang Baoli , Jin Hongting , Hao Suyang , Dresser Karen A. , Shen Jie , Im Hee‐Jeong , Sampson Erik R. , Rubery Paul T. , Zuscik Michael J. , Schwarz Edward M. , O'Keefe Regis J. , Wang Yongjun , Chen Di
Published: March 2012

Objective

The incidence of low back pain is extremely high and is often linked to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The mechanism of this disease is currently unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of β‐catenin signaling in IVD tissue function.

Methods

β‐catenin protein levels were measured by immunohistochemical analysis of disc samples obtained from patients with disc degeneration and from normal subjects. To generate β‐catenin conditional activation (cAct) mice, Col2a1‐CreERT2–transgenic mice were bred with β‐cateninfx(Ex3)/fx(Ex3) mice. Changes in disc tissue morphology and function were examined by micro–computed tomography, histologic analysis, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays.

Results

β‐catenin protein was up‐regulated in disc tissue samples from patients with disc degeneration. To assess the effects of increased β‐catenin levels on disc tissue, we generated β‐catenin cAct mice. Overexpression of β‐catenin in disc cells led to extensive osteophyte formation in 3‐ and 6‐month‐old β‐catenin cAct mice, which were associated with significant changes in the cells and extracellular matrix of disc tissue and growth plate. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that activation of β‐catenin enhanced runt‐related transcription factor 2–dependent Mmp13 and Adamts5 expression. Moreover, genetic ablation of Mmp13 or Adamts5 on the β‐catenin cAct background, or treatment of β‐catenin cAct mice with a specific matrix metalloproteinase 13 inhibitor, ameliorated the mutant phenotype.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the β‐catenin signaling pathway plays a critical role in disc tissue function.
Life cycle assessment of biomethane from offshore‐cultivated seaweed
Authors: Langlois Juliette , Sassi Jean‐François , Jard Gwenaelle , Steyer Jean‐Philippe , Delgenes Jean‐Philippe , Hélias Arnaud
Published: March 2012

Algae are a promising source of industrial biomass for the future. In order to assess if aquacultured seaweed (macroalgae) could be considered an environmentally friendly source of biomass for bioenergy, life cycle assessments were performed for European countries, comparing methane as a biofuel from the anaerobic digestion (A) of whole seaweeds, (B) of alginate extraction residues, and (C) natural gas as a fossil fuel reference.

These results clarify that the sources of electricity and energy used to heat the anaerobic digesters have an important impact. Recycling of materials and use of greenhouses at the nursery stage also allow environmental improvements for system (A). Ecodesign can make algal biomethane competitive in several categories compared to natural gas: a decrease of 21.9% and 54.2% in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and 58.6% and 68.7% in fossil depletion for systems (A) and (B), respectively, decrease in ozone depletion, and last but not least, improvement in the marine eutrophication index for system (A). For system (B), benefits are more arguable and dependent on the allocation. To conclude, seaweed could become competitive with terrestrial feedstock for biofuel production in the near future. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Development and Testing of an Abbreviated Numeracy Scale: A Rasch Analysis Approach
Authors: Weller Joshua A. , Dieckmann Nathan F. , Tusler Martin , Mertz C. K. , Burns William J. , Peters Ellen
Published: March 2012

Research has demonstrated that individual differences in numeracy may have important consequences for decision making. In the present paper, we develop a shorter, psychometrically improved measure of numeracy—the ability to understand, manipulate, and use numerical information, including probabilities. Across two large independent samples that varied widely in age and educational level, participants completed 18 items from existing numeracy measures. In Study 1, we conducted a Rasch analysis on the item pool and created an eight‐item numeracy scale that assesses a broader range of difficulty than previous scales. In Study 2, we replicated this eight‐item scale in a separate Rasch analysis using data from an independent sample. We also found that the new Rasch‐based numeracy scale, compared with previous measures, could predict decision‐making preferences obtained in past studies, supporting its predictive validity. In Study, 3, we further established the predictive validity of the Rasch‐based numeracy scale. Specifically, we examined the associations between numeracy and risk judgments, compared with previous scales. Overall, we found that the Rasch‐based scale was a better linear predictor of risk judgments than prior measures. Moreover, this study is the first to present the psychometric properties of several popular numeracy measures across a diverse sample of ages and educational level. We discuss the usefulness and the advantages of the new scale, which we feel can be used in a wide range of subject populations, allowing for a more clear understanding of how numeracy is associated with decision processes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A protein‐stabilizing technology for enhanced antibody stability and antibody‐binding profiles in a microchip array
Authors: Scholz Martin , Lüking Angelika
Published: March 2012

The stability of therapeutic antibodies during downstream processing and storage is important for functionality and quality. To determine functional antibody performance, the UNIchip® high‐density protein microarray with 384 recombinant antigenic targets was developed; this allows characterization of antibody specificity by generating standardized quantitative binding profiles. In this study, we used UNIchip® to test the efficacy of a novel protein stabilizing and protecting solution (SPS) to preserve the binding specificity and binding strength of a therapeutic anti‐TNF‐α antibody (Adalimumab; Humira). Our results show that reconstituted SPS‐formulated and lyophilized Adalimumab elicits significantly less off‐target activity after reconstitution and preserves binding strength even after six weeks of storage at 40°C compared with Adalimumab that underwent the same treatment with the original formulation. By means of UNIchip®, we were able to confirm the protein stabilizing effects of SPS as shown by preserved antibody functionality.
Structured three‐dimensional co‐culture of mesenchymal stem cells with meniscus cells promotes meniscal phenotype without hypertrophy
Authors: Cui Xiaofeng , Hasegawa Akihiko , Lotz Martin , D'Lima Darryl
Published: March 2012

Menisci play a crucial role in weight distribution, load bearing, shock absorption, lubrication, and nutrition of articular cartilage within the knee joint. Damage to the meniscus typically does not heal spontaneously due to its partial avascular nature. Partial or complete meniscectomy is a common clinical treatment of the defective meniscus. However, this procedure ultimately leads to osteoarthritis due to increased mechanical stress to the articular cartilage. Meniscus tissue engineering offers a promising solution for partial or complete meniscus deficiency. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have the potential to differentiate into meniscal fibrochondrocyte as well as deliver trophic effects to the differentiated cells. This study tested the feasibility of using MSC co‐cultured with mature meniscal cells (MC) for meniscus tissue engineering. Structured cell pellets were created using MC and MSC at varying ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) and cultured with or without transforming growth factor‐beta 3 supplemented chondrogenic media for 21 days. The meniscal and hypertrophic gene expression, gross appearance and structure of the pellets, meniscus extracellular matrix (ECM), histology and immunohistochemistry of proteoglycan and collagen were evaluated. Co‐culture of MC with MSC at 75:25 demonstrated highest levels of collagen type I and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) production, as well as the lowest levels of hypertrophic genes, such as COL10A1 and MMP13. All co‐culture conditions showed better meniscus ECM production and hypertrophic inhibition as compared to MSC culture alone. The collagen fiber bundles observed in the co‐cultures are important to produce heterogenic ECM structure of meniscus. In conclusion, co‐culturing MC and MSC is a feasible and efficient approach to engineer meniscus tissue with enhanced ECM production without hypertrophy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 2369–2380. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human mesenchymal stem cell position within scaffolds influences cell fate during dynamic culture
Authors: Yeatts Andrew B. , Geibel Elyse M. , Fears Fayola F. , Fisher John P.
Published: March 2012

Cell‐based tissue engineering is limited by the size of cell‐containing constructs that can be successfully cultured in vitro. This limit is largely a result of the slow diffusion of molecules such as oxygen into the interior of three‐dimensional scaffolds in static culture. Bioreactor culture has been shown to overcome these limits. In this study we utilize a tubular perfusion system (TPS) bioreactor for the three‐dimensional dynamic culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in spherical alginate bead scaffolds. The goal of this study is to examine the effect of shear stress in the system and then quantify the proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs in different radial annuli of the scaffold. Shear stress was shown to have a temporal effect on hMSC osteoblastic differentiation with a strong correlation of shear stress, osteopontin, and bone morphogenic protein‐2 occurring on day 21, and weaker correlation occurring at early timepoints. Further results revealed an approximate 2.5‐fold increase in cell number in the inner annulus of TPS cultured constructs as compared to statically cultured constructs after 21 days. This result demonstrated a nutrient transfer limitation in static culture which can be mitigated by dynamic culture. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in mineralization in the inner and outer annuli of bioreactor cultured 4 mm scaffolds occurred on day 21 with 79 ± 29% and 53 ± 25% mineralization area, respectively, compared to 6 ± 4% and 19 ± 6% mineralization area, respectively, in inner and outer annuli of 4 mm statically cultured scaffolds. Surprising lower mineralization area was observed in 2 mm bioreactor cultured beads which had the highest levels of proliferation. These results may demonstrate a relationship between scaffold position and stem cell fate. In addition the decreased proliferation and matrix production in statically cultured scaffolds compared to bioreactor cultured constructs demonstrate the need for bioreactor systems and the effectiveness of the TPS bioreactor in promoting hMSC proliferation and differentiation in three‐dimensional scaffolds. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 2381–2391. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diffusion‐based extraction of DMSO from a cell suspension in a three stream, vertical microchannel
Authors: Hanna Jacob , Hubel Allison , Lemke Erin
Published: March 2012

Cells are routinely cryopreserved for investigative and therapeutic applications. The most common cryoprotective agent (CPA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), is toxic, and must be removed before cells can be used. This study uses a microfluidic device in which three streams flow vertically in parallel through a rectangular channel 500 µm in depth. Two wash streams flow on either side of a DMSO‐laden cell stream, allowing DMSO to diffuse into the wash and be removed, and the washed sample to be collected. The ability of the device to extract DMSO from a cell stream was investigated for sample flow rates from 0.5 to 4.0 mL/min (Pe = 1,263–10,100). Recovery of cells from the device was investigated using Jurkat cells (lymphoblasts) in suspensions ranging from 0.5% to 15% cells by volume. Cell recovery was >95% for all conditions investigated, while DMSO removal comparable to a previously developed two‐stream device was achieved in either one‐quarter the device length, or at four times the flow rate. The high cell recovery is a ∼25% improvement over standard cell washing techniques, and high flow rates achieved are uncommon among microfluidic devices, allowing for processing of clinically relevant cell populations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 2316–2324. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rectal perforation with life-threatening peritonitis following stapled haemorrhoidopexy
Authors: Faucheron J-L , Voirin D , Abba J
Published: March 2012

Background

Stapled haemorrhoidopexy is a well recognized alternative to haemorrhoidectomy, and is associated with reduced pain and earlier return to normal activity. This paper reports all published cases of life-threatening sepsis following stapled haemorrhoidopexy, identifies causative factors and makes recommendations.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching the major electronic databases. All relevant references were reviewed for possible inclusion. All references of the relevant articles were screened for any further articles that were not identified in the initial search.

Results

From 2000 to the present, 29 articles reporting complications in 40 patients were identified. Thirty-five patients underwent laparotomy with faecal diversion and a further patient was treated by low anterior resection. A specific complication was rectal perforation with peritonitis. Factors that led to life-threatening sepsis were identified in 30 patients. Despite surgical treatment and resuscitation, there were four deaths.

Conclusion

Severe sepsis can complicate stapled haemorrhoidopexy. Rectal perforation and peritonitis are a particular risk of this technique and the associated mortality rate is high.
Friable but treatable
Authors: Zago Alexandre C. , Matte Bruno S.
Published: March 2012

Vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome is a rare connective tissue disorder associated with arterial dissection or rupture. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is often critical in patients with this syndrome because their coronary arteries are prone to dissection, enhancing the risk of stent borders dissection when conventional stent deployment pressures are used. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) treatment for these patients may also raise concerns because the left internal mammary artery is probably friable. Therefore, coronary artery revascularization in vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome either using PCI or CABG is challenging due to the arteries friability. A small number of cases have been published describing the friability of the vessels and associated complications; nevertheless, the optimum treatment remains unclear. We report the case of a 54‐year‐old woman treated successfully with PCI and CABG in two different acute coronary syndrome episodes, in which specific technical issues related to both procedures were decisive. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intracoronary ECG ST‐segment recovery during primary percutaneous intervention for ST‐segment myocardial infarction: Insights from a cardiac MRI study
Authors: Wong Dennis T.L. , Leung Michael C.H. , Das Rajiv , Puri Rishi , Liew Gary Y.H. , Teo Karen S.L. , Chew Derek P. , Meredith Ian T. , Worthley Matthew I. , Worthley Stephen G.
Published: March 2012

Background

ST‐segment‐resolution (STR) on surface electrocardiogram (ECG) is a good surrogate for myocardial reperfusion in patients with acute ST‐segment‐elevation‐myocardial‐infarction (STEMI). We sort to determine the optimal criteria of measuring STR on intracoronary‐ECG (IC‐ECG) for prediction of myocardial injury evaluated by cardiac MRI (CMR).

Methods

Measurements of IC‐ECG ST‐segments were performed at baseline, immediately after (early) and 15 min (late) after achieving TIMI‐3 flow during primary‐PCI. The degree of ST‐segment‐shift from baseline noted upon the IC‐ECG was divided into four groups: (group 1) ST‐segment‐resolution >1 mm, (group 2) <30% resolution, (group 3) >50% resolution, (group 4) >70% resolution at both early and late time points. Patients had CMR at days 3 and 90 postprimary‐PCI.

Results

Fifty two patients (aged 60 ± 11 years; 43 males) were evaluated. Early intracoronary‐ECG ST‐segment resolution (early IC‐STR >1 mm) correlated with smaller scar mass (P = 0.003), nonviable myocardial mass (P < 0.001), and microvascular obstruction (MVO) (P = 0.004) on CMR at day 3. Ejection fraction (EF) was also better at day 3 (P = 0.026) and 90 (P = 0.039). Patients with poor early IC‐STR (IC‐STR <30%) conversely is associated with larger scar mass (P = 0.017), nonviable myocardial mass (P = 0.01), and MVO (P = 0.021) at day 3. This was also associated with worse EF at day 90 (P = 0.044). Neither group 3 or 4, or the late measurements of late IC‐STR correlated with CMR markers of myocardial injury.

Conclusion

The degree of early IC‐STR (defined by IC‐STR > 1 mm or <30%) successfully predicts myocardial damage following primary‐PCI for an acute STEMI. Further studies are required to investigate its potential utility. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy secondary to left pulmonary artery stent in a child
Authors: Kobayashi Daisuke , Turner Daniel R. , Humes Richard A.
Published: March 2012

We report a 10‐year‐old girl who developed persistent hoarseness after stent placement for the treatment of left pulmonary artery stenosis. Laryngoscopy performed 21 months after stent placement revealed left vocal cord paralysis, presumed secondary to compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve by the stent. Pediatric cardiologists should be reminded of this possible rare complication after stent placement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Excimer laser with adjunctive balloon angioplasty and heparin‐coated self‐expanding stent grafts for the treatment of femoropopliteal artery in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Laird John R. , Yeo Khung Keong , Rocha‐Singh Krishna , Das Tony , Joye James , Dippel Eric , Reddy Bhagat , Botti Charles , Jaff Michael R.
Published: March 2012

Objectives

The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of treating femoropopliteal in‐stent restenosis (ISR) with debulking with excimer laser followed by implantation of a VIABAHN endoprosthesis.

Background

The optimal treatment strategy for femoropopliteal ISR is unclear.

Methods

The SALVAGE study is a multicenter prospective registry involving nine US centers. Patients with femoropopliteal ISR with moderate to severe intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia (Rutherford categories 2–5) and an ankle‐brachial index (ABI) =0.8 were treated with excimer laser and the VIABAHN endoprosthesis. The primary efficacy endpoint is primary patency at 12 months as measured by duplex ultrasonography. The primary safety endpoint is the major adverse event (MAE) rate at 30 days.

Results

Twenty‐seven patients were enrolled. The mean lesion length was 20.7 ± 10.3 cm. The majority of lesions were TASC (TASC I) C and D (81.4%). All lesions were pretreated with excimer laser and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) prior to VIABAHN implantation. Technical success was achieved in 100% of cases. There were no MAE at 30 days. Primary patency at 12 months was 48%. The ankle brachial index increased from 0.58 ± 0.24 at baseline to 0.90 ± 0.17 at 12 months. There was improvement in all quality‐of‐life parameters. The 12‐month TLR rate was 17.4%.

Conclusions

The strategy of excimer laser atherectomy and PTA followed by implantation of a self‐expanding stent graft for the treatment of femoropopliteal ISR is safe and associated with high procedural success. Primary patency rate at 12‐months was suboptimal; however, the TLR rate was low. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Symptomatic right ventricular ischemia secondary to a critical stenosis in a nondominant right coronary artery
Authors: Flynn Shawn E. , Sachdeva Rajesh , Uretsky Barry F.
Published: March 2012

Stable angina pectoris owing to isolated right ventricular ischemia from a critical stenosis in a nondominant right coronary artery is a rare entity and documentation of isolated right ventricular ischemia even rarer. We present a case of isolated right ventricular ischemia documented by fractional flow reserve (FFR) and resolution of symptoms after percutaneous coronary intervention. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
THEME‐SEER: a multidimensional exploratory technique to analyze a structural model using an extended covariance criterion
Authors: Bry Xavier , Redont Patrick , Verron Thomas , Cazes Pierre
Published: March 2012

In this work, we present a new approach to path modeling based on an extended multiple covariance criterion: system extended multiple covariance (SEMC). SEMC is suitable to measure the quality of any structural equations system. We show why SEMC may be preferred to criteria based on usual covariance of components and also to criteria based on residual sums of squares. We give a pursuit algorithm ensuring that SEMC increases and converges. When one wishes to extract more than one component per variable group, a problem arises of component hierarchy. To solve it, we define a local nesting principle of component models that makes the role of each component statistically clear. We then embed the pursuit algorithm in a more general algorithm that extracts sequences of locally nested models. We finally provide a component backward selection strategy. The technique is applied to cigarette data to model the generation of chemical compounds in smoke through tobacco combustion. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of six multiclass classifiers by the use of different classification performance indicators
Authors: Szöllősi Dániel , Dénes Dénes Lajos , Firtha Ferenc , Kovács Zoltán , Fekete András
Published: March 2012

Classification problems are very important, and generally, the question is which is the best model. Several classification performance indicators including the classification accuracy value (ACC), Cohen's kappa (KAPPA), or the area under the ROC curve (AUC) are used to answer this question. There are non‐parametric comparative methods such as the sum of ranking differences method. The objective of this work was to find the best classification method to classify four soft drink samples and four model samples, which differ from each other only in the sweetener composition. Model samples were used to be basic samples for comparison with the commercial soft drinks. Six different classification methods were compared according to their classification performance. A corrected classification accuracy value (corrected ACC) was developed for the purpose and was introduced. This value takes into account the similarities between the classes. The results showed that the ACC value and the KAPPA values give similar results in our case. The best three models according to the ACC, KAPPA, and AUC were “K‐nearest neighbor,” “random forest,” and “discriminant analysis.” However, the corrected ACC value showed a bit different ranking, and the random forest model was neglected from the good models. The confusion matrices of the models confirmed the ranking according to the corrected ACC value. The results showed that the best classification model was the K‐nearest neighbor for the available samples, and the corrected ACC value is a useful classification performance indicator. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resolution of spectrally rank‐deficient multivariate curve resolution: alternating least squares components in comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatographic analysis
Authors: Tistaert Christophe , Bailey Hope P. , Allen Robert C. , Heyden Yvan Vander , Rutan Sarah C.
Published: March 2012

The advancements in comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatographic systems have led to more efficient and effective analyses of complex biological samples. Correspondingly, there has been an increase in the data complexity. Several chemometric techniques have been proposed to extract the maximum amount of information and to overcome the numerous challenges associated with data analysis. However, quantification remains troublesome, especially when dealing with spectrally rank‐deficient peaks. To this end, a new constraint for multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) is proposed for the separation of chromatographic peaks appearing within the same MCR‐ALS component and dividing them among additionally created components with highly similar spectral characteristics. Application of the constraint to every sample individually leads to two important advantages: the need for the selection of an overall dividing point for all samples is avoided, and the serious issue of retention time shifting is handled by the algorithm. Manual quantification of the compounds of interest is facilitated because the peaks in the second‐dimension chromatograms can be attributed to a single compound, but it leads to comparable percent relative standard deviations (% RSD) prior to and after application of the constraint. Nonetheless, the presence of a single compound in each component allows for automated quantification by simple summation of the second‐dimension chromatograms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multielectron Redox Chemistry of a Neutral, NIR‐Active, Indigo‐Pillared ReI‐Based Triangular Metalloprism
Authors: Bhattacharya Dibyendu , Chang Che‐Hao , Cheng Yu‐Hsiang , Lai Long‐Li , Lu Hsiu‐Yu , Lin Ching‐Yao , Lu Kuang‐Lieh
Published: March 2012

Self‐assembled, hexarhenium(I), triangular metalloprism compound [{(CO)3Re(μ‐2)Re(CO)3}3(μ3‐1)2] (3) featuring three bis‐chelating pillarlike indigo dianions (μ‐2), each of which connects two fac‐Re(CO)3 cores, which are interconnected by a tritopic N donor, that is, a 2,4,6‐tris(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (μ3‐1, tPyTz) ligand, has been synthesized in high yield and characterized. Metalloprism 3 exhibits a strong absorption in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. The reversible, multielectron redox properties of the electrogenerated 3n species, where n=3+, 0, 3−, 4−, 5−, 8−, in the visible and especially in the NIR region were investigated in THF solution by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronocoulometry, EPR spectroscopy, and thin‐layer UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry (SEC). Stepwise, site‐specific electrochemical reductions lead to the formation of a series of highly stable ion (radical) species in which electrons associated with μ‐2 or μ3‐1 components of the molecule can be clearly distinguished. An EPR investigation revealed interaction of unpaired electrons with the metal nuclei (185,187Re, I=5/2) in the reduced intermediates. The framework has C2 symmetry, and accidental degeneracies suffice. Detailed theoretical calculations by structure‐based DFT confirm that the triply degenerate HOMO has ≥70 % indigo character with a sizable dπ‐Re character, while the LUMO is dominated by the triply degenerate indigo ligands, and the LUMO+1 by doubly degenerate tPyTz ligands. A comparison of 3 and previously reported 2,2′‐bis‐benzimidazolate‐ (BiBzlm) or alkoxy‐pillared ReI metalloprisms indicates a very low switching potential with a potential window of less than 1 V and reversibly accessible optical properties with higher stability of the intermediates. The properties exhibited by 3 appear to be due to the slight tuning of the bridging ligand from N,N− to N,O−.
Asymmetric Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution with Recyclable Macrocyclic CoIII–Salen Complexes: A Practical Strategy in the Preparation of (R)‐Mexiletine and (S)‐Propranolol
Authors: Sadhukhan Arghya , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Roy Tamal , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Bajaj Hari C.
Published: March 2012

A chiral cobalt(III) complex (1 e) was synthesized by the interaction of cobalt(II) acetate and ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate with a chiral dinuclear macrocyclic salen ligand that was derived from 1R,2R‐(−)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane with trigol bis‐aldehyde. A variety of epoxides and glycidyl ethers were suitable substrates for the reaction with water in the presence of chiral macrocyclic salen complex 1 e at room temperature to afford chiral epoxides and diols by hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR). Excellent yields (47 % with respect to the epoxides, 53 % with respect to the diols) and high enantioselectivity (ee>99 % for the epoxides, up to 96 % for the diols) were achieved in 2.5–16 h. The CoIII macrocyclic salen complex (1 e) maintained its performance on a multigram scale and was expediently recycled a number of times. We further extended our study of chiral epoxides that were synthesized by using HKR to the synthesis of chiral drug molecules (R)‐mexiletine and (S)‐propranolol.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alkoxido‐Tin‐Substituted Polyoxometalate [(MeO)SnW5O18]3‐: The First Member of a New Family of Reactive {SnW5} Lindqvist‐Type Anions.
Authors: Kandasamy Balamurugan , Wills Corinne , McFarlane William , Clegg William , Harrington Ross W. , Rodriguez‐Fortea Antonio , Poblet Josep M. , Bruce Peter G. , Errington R. John
Published: March 2012

Compound (IV), which represents the first member of a family of {SnW5} Lindqvist anions with reactive Sn—X groups, is characterized by NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Oleum and Sulfuric Acid as Reaction Media: The Actinide Examples UO2(S2O7)‐lt (Low Temperature), UO2(S2O7)‐ht (High Temperature), UO2(HSO4)2, An(SO4)2 (An: Th, U), Th4(HSO4)2(SO4)7 and Th(HSO4)2(SO4).
Authors: Betke Ulf , Wickleder Mathias S.
Published: March 2012

The crystal structures of the new title compounds are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Intermolecular Cycloaddition of Diazodiketoester‐Derived Carbonyl Ylides with Indoles Using Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxylates.
Authors: Shimada Naoyuki , Oohara Tadashi , Krishnamurthi Janagiraman , Nambu Hisanori , Hashimoto Shunichi
Published: March 2012

Under conditions A), the corresponding cycloadducts (III) and (V) are formed in good yields and high levels of enantio‐ and exo diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions with Dimethylamine Borane.
Authors: Nixon Tracy D. , Whittlesey Michael K. , Williams Jonathan M. J.
Published: March 2012

The reduction of a variety of organic substrates is achieved by Ru‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation with Me2NH·BH3.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic Substitution on Cyclopentene and ‐hexene Rings with Alkynylcopper Reagents.
Authors: Wang Qian , Kobayashi Yuichi
Published: March 2012

Substitution of cyclic allylic picolinates (I) and (IV) with a Cu(acac)2‐derived reagent is found to be highly regio‐ and diastereoselective to afford the corresponding SN2′ products (III) and (V) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydroacylation as an Approach to Homoaldol Products.
Authors: Murphy Stephen K. , Petrone David A. , Coulter Matthew M. , Dong Vy M.
Published: March 2012

The intermolecular hydroacylation of homoallyl alcohols (II) and (IV) with salicylaldehydes (I) to furnish homoaldol products (III) and (V) in good yields is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Esters: Nucleophilic Addition to Iminium Salts Generated from Amino Ketene Silyl Acetals.
Authors: Hata Shingo , Koyama Hiroshi , Shimizu Makoto
Published: March 2012

A straightforward method to prepare a number of α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino esters is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Procedure for the Polymer‐Supported N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Rhodium Complex via Click Chemistry: A Recyclable Catalyst for the Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Aldehydes.
Authors: He Ying , Cai Chun
Published: March 2012

A novel polymer‐supported N‐heterocyclic carbene‐rhodium complex is synthesized and used as a catalyst for the addition of arylboronic acids (II) to aryl aldehydes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Free Palladium Catalytic System for the Selective Direct Arylation of Furans or Thiophenes Bearing Alkenes and Inhibition of Heck‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Chen Lu , Roger Julien , Bruneau Christian , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Doucet Henri
Published: March 2012

It is found that Pd(O‐Ac)2 and PdCl(allyl)(dppb) in combination with KOAc efficiently promote direct C‐5 arylation of furans and thiophenes containing alkene units.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Catalyst‐Free Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide into 2‐Oxazolidinones under Supercritical Condition.
Authors: Xu Jing Xiu , Zhao Jin Wu , Jia Zhen Bin
Published: March 2012

Supercritical carbon dioxide is used as solvent and reactant in the three‐component reaction with propargylic alcohols and amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Additions to Oxocarbenium Ions: Alkynylation of Isochroman Acetals.
Authors: Maity Prantik , Srinivas Harathi D. , Watson Mary P.
Published: March 2012

The alkynyl group can easily be hydrogenated to give the corresponding 1‐alkylisochromans such as (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Boronate Additions to N‐Acyl Quinoliniums Catalyzed by Tartaric Acid.
Authors: Kodama Tomohiro , Moquist Philip N. , Schaus Scott E.
Published: March 2012

The title reaction affords highly enantioenriched dihydroquinolines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Halonium‐Initiated Electrophilic Cascades of 1‐Alkenoylcyclopropane Carboxamides: Efficient Access to Dihydrofuropyridinones and 3(2H)‐Furanones.
Authors: Wei Ying , Lin Shaoxia , Zhang Juan , Niu Zaihai , Fu Qiang , Liang Fushun
Published: March 2012

The title reaction affords dihydrofuropyridinones (III) and/or 3(2H)‐furanones (IV) depending on the properties of the substituent on the enone moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Inhibition Study of Monoamine Oxidase, Indoleamine 2, 3‐Dioxygenase and Tryptophan 2,3‐Dioxygenase by 3,8‐Substituted 5H‐Indeno[1,2‐c]pyridazin‐5‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Reniers J. , Meinguet C. , Moineaux L. , Masereel B. , Vincent S. P. , Frederick R. , Wouters J.
Published: March 2012

New 5H‐indeno[1,2‐c]pyridazines are synthesized and their inhibitory potency against human monoamine oxidase (MOA) A and B is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Some Novel Fluorinated Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives Containing 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole as Potential Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Song Xin Jian , Shao Yu , Dong Xing Gao
Published: March 2012

Some products exhibit a good anticancer activity against HL‐60.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Naphtho[1,2‐e]pyrazolo[5,1‐b][1,3]oxazines.
Authors: Osyanin V. A. , Nakushnov V. Y. , Klimochkin Y. N.
Published: March 2012

The title compounds (III), representatives of a previously unknown heterocyclic system, are obtained by condensation of 1‐dimethylaminoethyl‐2‐naphthols (I) with bromopyrazoles (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphomolybdic Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2,4,5‐Tetraoxanes.
Authors: Yan Xing , Chen Jinglei , Zhu Yun‐Ting , Qiao Chunhua
Published: March 2012

The condensation of dihydroperoxides and carbonyl compounds is achieved using phosphonomolybdic acid as the catalyst and anhydrous magnesium sulfate as water scavenger to yield spirocyclic tetraoxanes as subunits of antimalarial drugs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophosphonylation of Alkenes or Nitriles by Double Radical Transfer Mediated by Titanocene/Propylene Oxide.
Authors: Midrier Camille , Lantsoght Mathias , Volle Jean‐Noel , Pirat Jean‐Luc , Virieux David , Stevens Christian V.
Published: March 2012

Under optimized conditions, the reaction affords aminobisphosphonates (III) or alkylphosphonates (V) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Novel Phytochemicals. Part 76. New Bioactive Macrocyclic Diterpenoids from Jatropha multifida.
Authors: Kanth Boddu Shashi , Kumar Avula Satya , Shinde Digambar Balaji , Babu Kothapalli Hari , Raju Tuniki Venugopal , Kumar Chityal Ganesh , Sujitha Pombala , Das Biswanath
Published: March 2012

Two new diterpenoids, multifidanol (I) and multifidenol (II), are isolated together with several known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: New Pyranonaphthoquinones and a Phenazine Alkaloid Isolated from Streptomyces sp. IFM 11307 with Trail Resistance‐Overcoming Activity.
Authors: Abdelfattah Mohamed S. , Kazufumi Toume , Ishibashi Masami
Published: March 2012

Four new pyranonaphthoquinones (I)—(III) and one new phenazine derivative (IV) are isolated from the liquid culture of Streptomyces sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion Doped Binary Oxides, SnO2, TiO2 and ZnO: Fabrication Procedures, Fascinating Properties and Future Prospects
Authors: Nagarajan R. , Kumar Vinod , Ahmad Shahzad
Published: March 2012

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Activities of Synthetic Oligosaccharides and Glycolipids from Mycobacteria
Authors: Hutacharoen Panatpong , Ruchirawat Somsak , Boonyarattanakalin Siwarutt
Published: March 2012

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hierarchised Luminescent Organic Architectures: Design, Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, Self‐Oranisation and Functions
Authors: Maggini Laura , Bonifazi Davide
Published: March 2012

Review: 215 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐Based Liquid Crystals: Art and Science
Authors: Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Kumar Sandeep
Published: March 2012

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Chemistry of Benzoxazines: From Simple, Selective, Effective, and Efficient Macrocyclization Pathways to Host—Guest Properties
Authors: Chirachanchai Suwabun , Phongtamrug Suttinun , Tashiro Kohji
Published: March 2012

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Utilization of Non‐coding RNA—Small Molecule Interactions
Authors: Georgianna Wesleigh E. , Young Douglas D.
Published: March 2012

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nb3Ru5B2 — The First Fully Characterized Ternary Phase in the Nb—Ru—B System: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Bonding Analysis.
Authors: Hermus Martin , Geier Daniel , Fokwa Boniface P. T.
Published: March 2012

The title compound is prepared by arc‐melting of the elements and characterized by single crystal XRD and LMTO scalar‐relativistic electronic structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Reductive Dehydroxylation of Benzylic Alcohols Using Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS).
Authors: Chan Li Yan , Lim Jazreel Seh Kai , Kim Sunggak
Published: March 2012

The method allows the selective dehydroxylation of secondary benzylic alcohols in the presence of carbonyl groups and primary benzylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: TBHP‐Mediated Oxidative Thiolation of an sp3 C—H Bond Adjacent to a Nitrogen Atom in an Amide.
Authors: Tang Ri‐Yuan , Xie Ye‐Xiang , Xie Yi‐Li , Xiang Jian‐Nan , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: March 2012

The oxidative thiolation of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (IIa) leads to a variety of sulfides (V) as sole reaction products, while the analogous reaction of N,N‐dimethylformamide (VI) and 1‐methylpyrrolidin‐one (IX) gives rise to a mixture of 2 derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Scope of the Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Ketones with Trichlorosilane.
Authors: Gautier Francois‐Moana , Jones Simon , Li Xianfu , Martin Stephen J.
Published: March 2012

A highly active organocatalyst is shown in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐Based Lewis Acid Assisted Cinchona Alkaloid Catalysis: Highly Enantioselective Aza‐Michael Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Yang Hua‐Meng , Li Li , Li Fei , Jiang Ke‐Zhi , Shang Jun‐Yan , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: March 2012

The reaction of anilines with chalcones is best catalyzed by cinchonine in combination with TmsI or TmsCl.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Allylation and Crotylation of in situ Generated β,γ‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: McCubbin J. Adam , Maddess Matthew L. , Lautens Mark
Published: March 2012

Treatment of vinyloxiranes with catalytic amounts of scandium triflate provides β,γ‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Amino Acid Amides: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Amination of α‐Hydroxy Amides.
Authors: Zhang Min , Imm Sebastian , Baehn Sebastian , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: March 2012

The process can be carried out with aromatic and aliphatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Brominated Resorcinol Dimers.
Authors: Bouthenet Elise , Oh Ki‐Bong , Park Seungil , Nagi Navjeet K. , Lee Hyi‐Seung , Matthews Susan E.
Published: March 2012

The dehalogenation of compound (IIIa) also leads to a fully dehalogenated dimer.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition/Hydrolytic Michael Addition/Retro‐Aldol Reactions of Propargylic Esters Tethered to Cyclohexadienones.
Authors: Cai Shunyou , Liu Zheng , Zhang Weibin , Zhao Xinyang , Wang David Zhigang
Published: March 2012

Under strictly dry conditions, cyclohexadienones (I) and (III) rearrange to tricyclic products, whereas under air in the presence of usual moisture bicyclic furans of type (VI) and (VIII) are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metals in Organic Synthesis. Part 97. Silver‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Hexahalogenated 2,2′‐Bipyrroles.
Authors: Martin Rene , Jaeger Anne , Knoelker Hans‐Joachim
Published: March 2012

The short synthesis of the title compounds is based on the silver‐catalyzed cyclization of the homopropargylamine derivative (II).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Pyrrole Synthesis via Silaphenylmercuric Triflate‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Homopropargyl Azides.
Authors: Yamamoto Hirofumi , Sasaki Ikuo , Mitsutake Mizuho , Karasudani Ayumi , Imagawa Hiroshi , Nishizawa Mugio
Published: March 2012

A simple procedure is developed to give pyrrole derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Substituted 11H‐Benzo[a]carbazole‐5‐carboxamides as Novel Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Wang Yu‐Qin , Li Xiao‐Hua , He Qian , Chen Yi , Xie Yu‐Yuan , Ding Jian , Miao Ze‐Hong , Yang Chun‐Hao
Published: March 2012

A series of novel 11H‐benzo[a]carbazole‐5‐carboxamide derivatives (V) is designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antitumor effects against human cancer A549 and HCT‐116 cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Significant Rate Acceleration in Carbonate Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide and Oxiranes Using Dimethyl Carbonate as a Recyclable Medium.
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Jain Suman L. , Sain Bir
Published: March 2012

The solvent has a promoting effect on the Bu4NBr‐catalyzed reaction to give cyclic carbonates in high yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted (Hetero)aryl Fused Imidazoles with Tunable Fluorescent Emission.
Authors: Zhao Dongbing , Hu Junyi , Wu Ningjie , Huang Xiaolei , Qin Xurong , Lan Jingbo , You Jingsong
Published: March 2012

Twofold amination of 1,2‐dihalo(hetero)arenes with amidines, 2‐aminopyridines or guanidines renders possible the construction of a library of heteroaryl‐fused imidazoles with complete regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 5‐Carboxamide‐oxazolines via a Passerini 3CC—Staudinger—aza‐Wittig Sequence.
Authors: Wu Jing , Liu Jian‐Chao , Wang Long , Ding Ming‐Wu
Published: March 2012

A modified sequence for the preparation of the title compounds (V) uses α‐chloro aldehyde (I) instead of unstable α‐azido aldehydes as substrate for the Passerini reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation of 2‐Bromobenzyl Propargyl Ethers: A New Access to Exocyclic Isochromans.
Authors: Nandakumar Avanashiappan , Balakrishnan Krishnamoorthy , Perumal Paramasivan Thirumalai
Published: March 2012

A stereo‐ and regioselective Pd‐catalyzed 6‐exo‐dig cyclization by intramolecular hydroarylation of propargyl ether gives functionalized isochromans in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,6‐Conjugated Addition of Nitromethane to (E)‐2‐Styrylchromones: A New Synthesis of Novel 2‐Substituted 4‐Arylpyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: Silva Eduarda M. P. , Silva Artur M. S. , Cavaleiro Jose A. S.
Published: March 2012

A successful 1,6‐conjugate addition of nitromethane to (E)‐2‐styrylchromones is achieved using DBU as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Promoted Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐6‐(arylthio)‐4‐arylpyridine‐3,5‐dicarbonitriles Using ZrOCl2·8H2O/NaNH2 as the Catalyst in the Ionic Liquid [bmim]BF4 at Room Temperature.
Authors: Heravi Mohammad Reza Poor , Fakhr Farnazalsadat
Published: March 2012

The novel protocol allows the synthesis of various pharmaceutically important pyridine products in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Tandem Reaction Involving Acid Chlorides, Terminal Alkynes, and 2‐Aminoindole Hydrochlorides: Synthesis of α‐Carboline Derivatives in Aqueous Conditions via Regioselective [3 + 3] Cyclocondensation.
Authors: Gupta Sahaj , Kumar Brijesh , Kundu Bijoy
Published: March 2012

Starting from aliphatic acid chlorides, only low yields or no α‐carbolines are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Tetrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines by Cyclization Reaction of Dihydropyrimidine‐2‐thiones with Sodium Azide.
Authors: Wang Xi‐Cun , Wei Ying , Da Yu‐Xia , Zhang Zhang , Quan Zheng‐Jun
Published: March 2012

Compared to established methods, the approach provides lower temperatures, higher yields, and shorter reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of C‐Substituted Morpholine Derivatives Using Reductive Etherification Reaction: Total Synthesis of Chelonin C.
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Prasad J. V. K.
Published: March 2012

A new and stereoselective approach to polysubstituted morpholines and fused analogues is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydroazamacrosphelides: Synthesis and Apoptosis Inducing Activities.
Authors: Sugimoto Kenji , Kobayashi Yuta , Kondo Takashi , Toyooka Naoki , Nemoto Hideo , Matsuya Yuji
Published: March 2012

Compounds (II) and (VII) induce apoptosis on lymphoma cells although the activity is rather moderate.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Syntheses of Substituted, Conformationally Constrained Benzoxazocines and Benzazocines via Sequential Multicomponent Assembly and Cyclization.
Authors: Sahn James J. , Martin Stephen F.
Published: March 2012

The diol (I) is developed as central intermediate for the synthesis of bicyclic benzoxazocines and a variety of related compounds including O‐substituted derivatives and non‐bridged compounds.