bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2021, año de racionamiento en la compra de alimentos. Impacto de los incrementos de precios de los alimentos en la capacidad de compra de las familias salvadoreñas
Authors: López Infantozzi Miguel Ignacio
Published: May 2024

El presente artículo es un esfuerzo por dimensionar los efectos de la inflación en los precios de alimentos de la canasta básica de 2021 en la ya de por sí deteriorada economía familiar en El Salvador con base en los resultados de la Encuesta de Evaluación de Año 2021 del Iudop. La reacción a los incrementos de precios fue desigual; sólo 19 de cada 100 personas afirmaron que en sus hogares no se tuvo que reducir en las compras de ningún alimento, 23 de cada 100 personas afirmaron que tuvieron que reducir sus compras en todos o casi todos los alimentos y el resto, la mayoría, tuvo que sortear la inflación priorizando unos alimentos sobre otros. El racionamiento en las compras de alimentos está vinculado con otras situaciones que exponen el deterioro socioeconómico de las familias, como las reducciones en las compras de medicamentos o el abandono de los estudios. También, el padecimiento de estas situaciones, ha demostrado afectar también la opinión pública sobre el estado del país al cierre de año. 
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 78, No. 774, 2023: 21-49.
The Role of Traditional Leadership in Addressing Gender-Based Violence in Seke Community, Zimbabwe
Authors: Hodzi Blessing
Published: May 2024

This study examines the role of traditional leadership (village head and chiefs) in curbing gender-based violence (GBV) in rural communities. GBV disproportionately affects women in rural areas. The paper argues that traditional leaders have a role in addressing GBV in rural communities and posits that given the limited presence of formal institutions in rural communities, traditional leaders actively address and prevent GBV in their localities. This study is part of a 2022 Doctor of Philosophy thesis that explores the role of communal institutions in addressing GBV in Seke District, Ward 8, Zimbabwe. This study relies on qualitative research based on in-depth interviews and observations at the Chief's court. Findings from interviews with two officers and 10 village heads and chiefs and five observations that involved 14 participants indicate that traditional leaders use mediation, the traditional court system, referrals to the police, and awareness campaigns to address GBV. The study also indicates that food insecurity, infidelity, drug abuse, land ownership, and patriarchy are some of the drivers of GBV in the community. The paper recommends that the government, law enforcement, and private stakeholders use education on GBV to empower traditional leaders, who are essential players in addressing GBV in rural communities.
Integration of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points HACCP with Maintenance Practices: Enhancing Food Safety in the Food and Beverage Industry; A Review.
Authors: Uzoigwe Daniel Oluwasegun , Kongolo David
Published: May 2024

The integration of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) with maintenance practices represents a proactive approach to ensuring food safety in the food and beverage industry. HACCP is a systematic preventive approach to identify, evaluate, and control food safety hazards, while maintenance practices are essential for maintaining the reliability and cleanliness of equipment and facilities. This paper explores the principles of HACCP, the role of maintenance in food safety, and the benefits of integrating HACCP with maintenance practices. It discusses strategies for incorporating maintenance-related critical control points (CCPs) into HACCP plans, challenges, and best practices for implementation, and case studies illustrating successful integration efforts. The paper concludes with recommendations for organizations seeking to enhance food safety through the integration of HACCP with maintenance practices.
AGROTÓXICO NO DIREITO AGRÁRIO E AMBIENTAL: UMA ANÁLISE DAS NORMAS REGULADORAS EM 2023
Authors: Itoz Matheus Augusto Vieira de , Pereira Karita Carneiro
Published: May 2024

A agricultura é uma das principais atividades econômicas brasileiras, essencial principalmente para a segurança alimentar da população, sendo o mecanismo de sustento de milhares de produtores rurais, elevando o Brasil a um patamar significativo de exportação de produtos agrícolas. Por outro lado, o país se destaca negativamente pela utilização desmedida de agrotóxicos, fator este bastante questionado, uma vez que o excesso desses produtos pode causar danos irreversíveis ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. Por se tratar de tema controverso, este trabalho apresenta as normas legais que regulamentam a utilização, a fabricação e registro dos agrotóxicos em território nacional, bem como a normatização que envolve a aplicação destes produtos como objeto de regulamentação tanto pela legislação federal como também pela estadual, com destaque para a Nova Lei de Agrotóxicos, sancionada em dezembro do ano de 2023, responsável por adequar os dispositivos legais, aumentando o rigor legal de fiscalização, produção, comercialização e destinação final dos agrotóxicos. A pesquisa foi elaborada utilizando a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e o método de revisão de literatura, e inicia com contextualização sobre a regulamentação legal dos agrotóxicos no Direito Brasileiro; indica o debate sobre os danos; para ao final expor as normas em vigência no país, concluindo na exposição das leis que regulam os agrotóxicos e a forma como se dá a permissão para seu uso regular na agricultura.
COMO A RESSONÂNCIA MAGNÉTICA PODE AUXILIAR NO DIAGNÓSTICO NÃO INVASIVO DE PACIENTES PORTADORES DE CARDIOPATIAS
Authors: Silva Larissa Emmanuelle Costa , Stabelini Neto Isabela , Tinoco Camila de Oliveira Brito , Requeijo Márcio José Rosa
Published: May 2024

A ressonância magnética (RM) é um método de imagem que utiliza de um campo magnético para desalinhar os prótons de hidrogênio presentes no corpo humano. Sendo assim, o aparelho de RM emite um pulso de radiofrequência a qual será responsável por desalinhar os prótons de H+. Ao final do pulso gerado e desfeito o campo magnético, os prótons voltam para a posição inicial, gerando a energia que será captada pela antena do aparelho e transmitida aos computadores, fornecendo as imagens desejadas.  Dessa forma, esse método vem sendo utilizado com maiores frequências para diagnosticar, precocemente, doenças cardiovasculares e para facilitar procedimentos. Para tanto, tem-se utilizado novas técnicas para a obtenção de imagens mais precisas e detalhadas. De tais técnicas, destaca-se a utilização de mapas paramétricos, uma avaliação qualitativa de um mesmo segmento cardíaco por diversos pontos e com modulações variáveis.
O ACESSO À JUSTIÇA PENAL E A ATUAÇÃO DA DEFENSORIA PÚBLICA NA CONCRETIZAÇÃO DO DIREITO DE DEFESA
Authors: Mandarino Renan Posella
Published: May 2024

O objetivo do estudo é examinar a forma como a atuação da defensoria pública, no exercício da defesa dos direitos dos indivíduos hipossuficientes e marginalizados pelo sistema penal, pode viabilizar o seu acesso à justiça. A realidade jurídica brasileira apresenta um quadro seletivo de criminosos, vulneráveis ao exercício do direito de defesa técnica. O processo penal é um procedimento dialético, que exige a constante participação do defensor para consecução da demanda. Desenvolvem-se conceitos relativos ao direito de defesa e vulnerabilidade criminosa e encontra no acesso à justiça penal seu objeto de análise crítica e perspectiva metodológica.
A novel LiDAR-GNSS-INS Two-Phase Tightly Coupled integration scheme for precise navigation
Authors: Ai Mengchi , Asl Sabbaghian Hokmabad Ilyar , Elhabiby Mohamed , El-Sheimy Naser
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Recent advances in precise navigation have extensively utilized the integration of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS), particularly in the domain of intelligent vehicles. However, the efficacy of such navigation systems is considerably compromised by the reflection and multipath disruptions of non-light-of-sight (NLOS) signals. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-based odometry, an active perception-based sensor known for its precise 3D measurements, has become increasingly prevalent in augmenting navigation systems. Nonetheless, the assimilation of LiDAR odometry with GNSS/INS systems presents substantial challenges. Addressing these challenges, this study introduces a two-phase sensor fusion (TPSF) approach that synergistically combines GNSS positioning, LiDAR odometry, and IMU pre-integration through a dual-stage sensor fusion process. The initial stage employs an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to amalgamate the GNSS solution with IMU Mechanization, facilitating the estimation of IMU biases and system initialization. Subsequently, the second stage integrates scan-to-map LiDAR odometry with IMU mechanization to support continuous LiDAR factor estimation. Factor graph optimization (FGO) is then utilized for the comprehensive fusion of LiDAR factors, IMU pre-integration, and GNSS solutions. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is corroborated through rigorous testing on a demanding trajectory from an urbanized open-source dataset, with the system demonstrating a notable enhancement in performance compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms, achieving a translational Standard Deviation (STD) of 1.269 meters.
Assessing and Improving Automated Viewpoint Planning for Static Laser Scanning Using Optimization Methods
Authors: Noichl Florian , Stuecke Maximilian , Thielen Clemens , Borrmann André
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The preparation of laser scanning missions is important for efficiency and data quality. Furthermore, it is a prerequisite for automated data acquisition, which has numerous applications in the built environment, including autonomous inspections and monitoring of construction progress and quality criteria. The scene and potential scanning locations can be discretized to facilitate the analysis of visibility and quality aspects. The remaining mathematical problem to generate an economic scan strategy is the Viewpoint Planning Problem (VPP), which asks for a minimum number of scanning locations within the given scene to cover the scene under pre-defined requirements. Solutions for this problem are most commonly found using heuristics. While these efficient methods scale well, they cannot generally return globally optimal solutions. This paper investigates the VPP based on a problem description that considers quality-constrained visibility in 3D scenes and suitable overlaps between individual viewpoints for targetless registration of acquired point clouds. The methodology includes the introduction of a preprocessing method designed to simplify the input data without losing information about the problem. The paper details various solution methods for the VPP, encompassing conventional heuristics and a mixed-integer linear programming formulation, which is solved using Benders decomposition. Experiments are carried out on two case study datasets, varying in specifications and sizes, to evaluate these methods. The results show the actual quality of the obtained solutions and their deviation from optimality (in terms of the estimated optimality gap) for instances where exact solutions can not be achieved.
Structural Analysis of Glazed Tubular Tiles of Oriental Architectures Based on 3D Point Clouds for Cultural Heritage
Authors: Chan Ting On , Ling Yibo , Wang Yuli , Li Kin Sum , Shen Jing
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Laser scanning, along with its resultant 3D point clouds, constitutes a prevalent method for the documentation of cultural heritage. This paper introduces a novel workflow for the structural analysis of glazed tubular tiles that adorn the roofs of historical buildings in the Orient, utilizing 3D point clouds. The workflow integrates a robust segmentation algorithm utilizing the maximum principal curvature and normal vectors. Moreover, clustering algorithms, including DBSCAN, are incorporated to refine the clusters and thus increase segmentation accuracy. Structural analysis is enabled by cylindrical model fitting, which allows for the estimation of parameters and residuals. While the results exhibit commendable performance in individual tile segmentation, it is imperative to address the impact of substantial variations in scanning range and incident angles before engaging in the structural analysis fitting process. The results of experiment demonstrate that under conditions of significantly large scanning angles, the root mean square error (RMSE) for inadequately fitted tiles can extend to 0.066 m, surpassing twice the RMSE observed for well-fitted tiles. The proposed workflow proves to be applicable and exhibits significant potential to advance practices in cultural heritage documentation.
On-Orbit Geometric Calibration of the HJ-2 A/B Satellites' Infrared Sensors
Authors: Zhang Hao , Qin Wei , Wang Kaixin , Wang Qianying , Tao Pengjie
Published: May 2024

Abstract. With the advancement of China's satellite technology, the HuanJingJianZai-2 A/B (HJ-2 A/B) satellites, equipped with whisk-broom infrared sensors, represent a significant leap forward in environmental monitoring and Earth observation capabilities. This technological leap, however, introduces new challenges in calibration. The unique structure of the HJ-2 A/B infrared spectroradiometer (IRS) necessitates innovative calibration techniques, as traditional methods primarily focused on exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) and often overlooked the importance of interior orientation accuracy, which is essential for accurate multispectral band registration and color rendering. Addressing this gap, we introduce an innovative multi-focal-plane-array joint calibration method specifically designed for whisk-broom cameras. Our method involves selecting a master band from each focal plane array for accurate focal length calibration and deriving ground control points from image matching and altitude interpolation for comprehensive bundle adjustment. This adjustment refines EOPs and interior orientation parameters (IOPs), ensuring globally optimal EOPs and enhanced IOPs calibration stability. The application of our method to the HJ-2 A/B IRS yielded substantial improvements in georeferencing and band registration accuracies, surpassing traditional methods. This paper details the multi-focal-plane-array joint calibration method, describes the IRS and experimental setup, presents the experimental results, and concludes with the implications and potential applications of our findings.
Few-shot SAR vehicle target augmentation based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: Gao Dan , Wu Xiaofang , Wen Zhijin , Xu Yue , Chen Zhengchao
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The study of few-shot SAR image generation is an effective way to expand the SAR dataset, which not only provides diversified data support for SAR target classification, but also provides a high-fidelity false image template for SAR deceptive jamming. In this paper, we have constructed a multi-frequency and multi-target type SAR vehicle imagery dataset that encompasses frequencies such as X, Ka, P, and S bands. The vehicle types are coaster, suv and cabin. Subsequently, we utilized various Generative Adversarial Networks for image generation from the SAR vehicle dataset. The experimental result indicates that the images generated by the DCGAN and the LSGAN models are of superior quality. Furthermore, we employed different recognition networks to evaluate the classification accuracy of the generated images. Of all the frequency bands, the Ka band generated images achieved the highest recognition rate, with an accuracy of up to 99%. Under conditions of a limited number of samples, the LSGAN model performed the best, reaching a classification recognition rate of 71.48% with a dataset of only 20 samples. Finally, we use a conditional network generation model to generate conditions based on target categories and frequency bands, providing high fidelity samples for SAR deception jamming.
Assessment of the Alignment Acceleration of the Lower Incisors Using a Single Aligner Appliance Modified with Nickel-Titanium Coils: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in Adults.
Authors: Alhafi Ziad Mohamad , Rajeh Nada , Jumaa Zaher , Alasfar Zuhir
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single aligner appliance modified with nickel-titanium coils in accelerating the alignment of crowded lower incisors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 36 patients with mild crowding of their lower incisors were randomly divided into two groups: one group received a modified aligner appliance with nickel-titanium coils (Experimental group), while the other group received traditional orthodontic brackets (Control group). The degree of irregularity in the alignment of the incisors was measured every 2 weeks using Little's irregularity index, and this was done at different time points throughout the study: before treatment (T0), after 2 weeks (T1), after 4 weeks (T2), after 6 weeks (T3), after 8 weeks (T4).
RESULTS: A total of 87 patients with anterior mild crowding in the lower dental arch were initially assessed for eligibility. Out of these, 64 patients met the inclusion criteria. Eventually, 36 participants were assigned to receive the treatment. Accordingly, the data from 36 patients were analyzed statistically. There was no significant difference when comparing the two groups at T0, T1, T3, and T4. However, the difference was significant at T2 (p = 0.037). The differences were statistically significant at all time periods within each group (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The use of a modified aligner appliance with nickel-titanium coils effectively treats lower incisors crowding, but it does not accelerate the alignment process compared to the traditional fixed orthodontic appliance.
Abordaje de la esteatosis hepática en atención primaria
Authors: Bitler Julieta , Risso Agostina , Sguiglia Sebastian , Terceiro Diego , Botargues Maria Marcela
Published: May 2024

Desde fines de 2023, la denominación hígado graso no alcohólico cambió por esteatosis hepática asociada a disfunción metabólica (MASLD, por sus iniciales en inglés), ya que el nombre anterior era considerado estigmatizante para los pacientes. No está recomendado rastrear esta entidad en la población general. Sin embargo, si por algún motivo se solicitó una ecografía y esta informa esteatosis hepática, se recomienda evaluar el riesgo de progresión a fibrosis hepática mediante el puntaje FIB-4. Los pacientes con puntaje mayor a 1,3 requieren mayor evaluación y se les solicita una elastografía transicional (Fibroscan®). El tratamiento de esta entidad apunta, en general, al descenso de peso mediante la actividad física y la dieta hipocalórica.
Transforming academic libraries through strategic partnerships: The Caribbean case of the UWI, Cave Hill Campus
Authors:   , Knight Jennine Arlette V
Published: May 2024

Challenged by being under-resourced, with an unsupportive institutional and library culture, and inadequate and outdated library spaces, this case study explores opportunities for transformation of Campus Libraries, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus. 70 participants comprising students and staff responded to the LibQUAL+™ survey. The resultant data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Nine participants comprising administrators and academic librarians participated in semi-structured interviews. Their responses were analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis. This thesis offers recommendations for transforming Campus Libraries from warehouses of knowledge to places and spaces for wider stakeholder engagement and strategic partnerships.
Content and Language Integrated Learning in primary schools in Andalusia: A qualitative study on teachers’ perceptions
Authors: Szczesniak Anna
Published: May 2024

Despite the unanimous endorsement of the Content and Language Integrated Learning in mainstream education, the bilingual programme is not free from challenges. Hence, the main objective of the study was to examine the primary school teachers’ perceptions of the dual-focused approach to detect the major limitations and determine if there were potential differences within each cohort of teachers. Data were obtained from a questionnaire sent to all bilingual primary schools in Andalusia (Spain). For the purpose of the present study qualitative data were analysed using the software NVivo. The results of the study revealed that teachers’ needs have not been addressed sufficiently as they expressed deep concern over the scarcity of teacher training schemes, insufficient time for coordination, inappropriate design of the materials, little or no support provided to them and increased workload. Furthermore, with regards to the within-cohort comparisons, content teachers seem to be in greatest need of more assistance and training initiatives. These outcomes merit further attention and should feature on the agenda of educational policymakers as not addressing these issues properly might threaten the viability of the bilingual project.
Influencia del manual de aprendizaje en la suficiencia léxica de estudiantes taiwaneses universitarios de ELE A1 a partir de la disponibilidad léxica
Authors: Rubio Lastra Miguel
Published: May 2024

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es descubrir la posible influencia del material de aprendizaje ELE en la suficiencia léxica de estudiantes taiwaneses de universidad con un nivel A1 de español a partir de la disponibilidad léxica como instrumento de evaluación léxica. En primer lugar, evaluamos cuantitativamente la competencia léxica de dos grupos de estudiantes con el mismo nivel de español (A1), pero que han usado dos manuales diferentes en la clase. El primer grupo, que consta de 52 individuos, ha trabajado con ELE actual, de la editorial SM, mientras que el segundo grupo, formado por 67 estudiantes, ha empleado Espacio Joven, de la editorial Edinumen. En segundo lugar, desvelamos la influencia del manual de aprendizaje sobre la competencia léxica a partir del análisis cuantitativo de las convergencias y divergencias entre las unidades léxicas extraídas de ambos grupos de estudiantes y las recogidas en el inventario de nociones específicas que el Instituto Cervantes propone en su Plan Curricular (PCIC) (2009) para un nivel A1. Para la cuantificación y edición de estos datos utilizamos Dispogen II (Eveverría et al., 2005), un programa informático desarrollado en MatLab que mide los índices empelados tradicionalmente en el ámbito de la Disponibilidad Léxica, tales como el índice de cohesión o el porcentaje de convergencias y divergencias en las unidades léxicas de los tres grupos.
El análisis de resultados muestra que los sujetos ofrecen respuestas muy diferentes entre sí y que los dos grupos obtienen unos resultados similares con respecto al PCIC. Esto implica que no sea posible obtener una conclusión firme. Sin embargo, se pueden extraer otras interpretaciones relativas a la actuación de los sujetos que nos serán de gran utilidad en trabajos posteriores.
Las funciones informativas de las construcciones focalizadoras con lo de carácter valorativo [lo bueno es que + indicativo/subjuntivo]: estudio de la percepción de hablantes nativos del español de España
Authors: Loporcaro Fabio , Guijarro Ojeda Juan Ramón , Bermejo Calleja María Felisa
Published: May 2024

Este estudio aborda las funciones informativas de las oraciones focalizadoras encabezadas por lo de matiz valorativo. En este marco, se ha constatado la existencia de teorías mutuamente excluyentes: unas plantean una variación de la lectura informativa en función del modo del verbo subordinado. En cambio, según otras, el rema siempre está constituido por la oración subordinada, sin importar el modo de su verbo. Para corroborar una u otra especulación, se han sometido diez oraciones con lo al juicio de 338 hablantes nativos de España, pidiéndoles que identificaran la información focal. Los resultados demuestran que la mayoría absoluta de los informantes ha identificado la información más importante en el fragmento subordinado de todas las oraciones, independientemente del modo de su verbo. En este sentido, se descarta la asociación entre plano informativo y modo y se valida la conjetura por la que el rema siempre está representado por el segmento subordinado.
Interdiscursividad, intertextualidad y plagio en la primera “guía turística” española: La Guía del viajero en España de Francisco de Paula Mellado
Authors: López Mora Pilar
Published: May 2024

A lo largo del siglo XIX, el afianzamiento de los viajes por placer conlleva la necesidad de una publicación que responda a las exigencias de un nuevo tipo de viajero. En este contexto, el editor Francisco de Paula Mellado publica la Guía del viajero en España (1842), considerada la primera guía de viajes moderna española por apuntar ya todas las características esenciales de este género. El análisis de este exitoso manual pone de relieve, además de una acentuada relación de interdiscursividad o intertextualidad constitutiva (Fairclough 1995) con textos de diversas tipologías, una intertextualidad manifiesta con alguno de ellos, a veces de manera encubierta y con copia de fragmentos, hasta tal punto que, en su redacción, se incurre en el plagio de varias obras contemporáneas
La trata de seres humanos con fines de explotación sexual en los diarios digitales españoles: las imágenes más allá de las palabras
Authors: Antolínez Merchán Pilar , Cabrera Rodríguez Elvira Carmen , Cañamero Alvarado Cristina
Published: May 2024

Introducción y objetivos. Esta investigación aborda la representación visual de la trata de seres humanos con fines de explotación sexual en los principales diarios digitales en España durante los años 2019-2020 (finalizado el Plan Integral de lucha contra la trata de mujeres y niñas con fines de explotación sexual 2015-2018 del Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad). Objetivo. Analizar el tratamiento fotográfico que los diarios digitales españoles aplican en materia de trata de seres humanos con fines de explotación sexual. Metodología. Se basa en un análisis de contenido de las fotografías publicadas por los diarios digitales con mayor audiencia en el periodo mencionado, centrándose en: aspectos generales de la noticia donde se ubica la fotografía; aspectos descriptivos de la fotografía; espacio de la representación; aspectos de contenido de la fotografía; elementos morfológicos y elementos sintácticos o compositivos. Resultados. Se destaca que solo un 10,5% de las fotografías muestra a los hombres demandantes de prostitución y a los proxenetas que se lucran y/o delinquen a través de la trata, poniendo el foco en las mujeres como prostitutas o víctimas o en los Cuerpos y Fuerzas de Seguridad del Estado. Así mismo, los medios siguen mostrando representaciones estereotipadas de las víctimas, sexualizadas a través de su pose o vestimenta. Conclusión. Puede afirmarse que, de las recomendaciones realizadas por las entidades, a pesar de los esfuerzos desplegados al respecto, todavía se está lejos de conseguir que dichas recomendaciones sean atendidas y aplicadas.
Pełnomocnictwo procesowe do złożenia skargi kasacyjnej a stosunek pracy pełnom
Authors: Węgrzynowski Łukasz
Published: May 2024

Pełnomocnictwo procesowe jest konstrukcją prawną stosowaną powszechnie, jednak jego szczegółowa charakterystyka napotyka trudności w doktrynie i orzecznictwie sądowym. Jedną z kwestii spornych jest ocena dopuszczalności zastrzeżenia w pełnomocnictwie do złożenia skargi kasacyjnej, że pełnomocnictwo jest ważne przez czas trwania stosunku pracy łączącego mocodawcę z pełnomocnikiem. W niektórych orzeczeniach Sądu Najwyższego można spotkać stanowisko, że takie zastrzeżenie jest dopuszczalne, jednak konieczne jest badanie, czy umocowanie do działania w sprawie nadal istnieje w czasie dokonywania przez pełnomocnika poszczególnych czynności procesowych. W innych orzeczeniach wskazywano na ogólną niedopuszczalność omawianego zastrze-żenia z uwagi na jego warunkowy charakter. W doktrynie można spotkać pogląd, że takie zastrzeżenie jest dopuszczalne, jednak należy do niego zastosować art. 94 §1 k.p.c. w drodze analogii. Szczegółowa ocena zagadnienia powinna uwzględniać naturę pełnomocnictwa, treść przepisów k.p.c., a także interes wymiaru sprawiedliwości.
Zasady rozliczeń stron w razie nieważności umowy zawierającej niedozwolone postanowienia umowne. Glosa do wyroku TSUE z 16 marca 2023 r., C-6/22
Authors: Węgrzynowski Łukasz
Published: May 2024

Glosowany wyrok porusza szereg istotnych zagadnień związanych z wykładnią dyrektywy 93/13. Trybunał omawia dopuszczalność wyłączenia nieważności umowy i zastąpienia niedozwolonego postanowienia umownego przepisem prawa jak też zasady rozliczeń stron w razie nieważności umowy zawierającej niedozwolone postanowienia umowne. Zwłaszcza to ostatnie ma bardzo duże znaczenie praktyczne, odpowiedź Trybunału również wymaga zaś szerszego omówienia w kontekście regulacji polskiego prawa.
Modeling of Water Table Behaviour in District Ludhiana A Case Study
Authors: Madhusudan  , Y. Khadatare  , M. R Kaushal
Published: May 2024

There is a major emphasis on increasing the agricultural production in order to meet the increased food and fibre demand for increasing population of our country. In Punjab the surface water has almost been fully exploited and additional demand is being met by tube wells. During the period 1983-84 to 2002-03 the average rate of fall of water table was 18 cm per year. For efficient utilization and management, there is a need to predict the water table behaviour. A multiple regression model has been developed to predict the behaviour of water table based on area under paddy, wheat, total cropped area, rainfall and number of tube wells. The model fits well, having coefficient of determination (R2) 0.93 and the standard error 01'0.39. Close agreement was found between the observed and the model-predicted water levels.
Modelling of Annual Stream Flows by Autoregressive Models
Authors: R. N. Wagh  , Devendra Kumar
Published: May 2024

The main aim of the present study was to develop a autoregressive model for annual streamflow of Godavari river. Autoregressive models of order 1,2.3.4 and 5 were tried. AR (I) model was found suitable based on Box- Pierce Portmonteau test and Akaike Information Criterion test. The mean and skewness of generated series were found close to historical values. The mean forecast error. mean relative error and integral square error indicates a high degree of model fitness to the observed data series.
Performance of Light Weight Rotary Tiller for Different Agricultural Operations
Authors: Jagvir Dixit
Published: May 2024

Light weight rotary tiller (Amar) was evaluated for seed bed preparation, interculture operation, puddling operation and basin preparation around the trees for finding its suitability. Overall discomfort rating of light weight rotary tiller was also measured during above operations. The average effective field capacity of rotary tiller was 0.042 ha/h for seedbed preparation under clay loam and silt clay loam soils. The average clod mean weight diameter (MWD) was observed 7.3 mm during seed bed preparation which was far below than the average clod size of 12 to 14 mm generally found in the final seed bed. The average depth of tilling (94 mm) achieved with this light weight rotary tiller may not be sufficient for sowing! planting of deep rooted crops. The overall discomfort rating on the IO-point VAD scale for operating duration of45 min was 3.36. The high slippage was observed during seed bed preparation due to low traction of iron wheel provided in light weight rotary tiller. The effective field capacity of rotary tiller during interculture operation was 0.04 ha/h, which was 85% more than manual system of interculture operation. The weeding efficiency was 84% with light weight rotary tiller during interculture operation in apple orchards. The mean overall discomfort ratings on a 1O-point VAD scale for an operating duration of35 min was 4.6, 5.4 and 7.6 for light weight rotary tiller, wheel hand hoe and manual system using spade, respectively. The interculture operation with light weight rotary tiller was found less tiring in comparison to interculture operation with wheel hand hoe and manual system. The average time required for basin preparation with rotary tiller was 4 min/basin, which was 1/3rd of time required in traditional system of basin preparation. However, cost of basin preparation was 5% higher with rotary tiller compared to traditional system due to involvement of high initial investment. The mean overall discomfort ratings recorded with rotary tiller after preparation of five basins was 5.5 in comparison to 7.9 with manual system
Ergonomic Evaluation of Hand Tools Injuries among Indian Farmers
Authors: Adarsh Kumar  , J. K. Singh  , Dinesh Mohan  , Mathew Varghese
Published: May 2024

There are 800 million hand tools used on Indian farms by 260 million farm workers. This study was done in survey of two phases. In the first phase, data on agricultural related injuries was collected from nine contiguous villages in a total population of 19,723 persons. In the second phase of study 21 more villages were added and population covered in was 78,890. A total of576 and 282 agricultural injuries were reported in Phase-I and Phase-II respectively. Hand tools accounted for 332 (58%) and 54 (19%) of total agricultural injuries in the two phases of survey respectively. Most of the injuries i.e. 98% and 91% of the hand tool injuries caused were AIS I (45% and 17% of the total AIS I injuries) in Phase I and II. 70% of AIS I hand tool injuries had a recovery time of more than 7 days in Phase I. In phase II, all AIS I injuries took more than 7 days to recover. The mechanism of injuries was slippage of tool from hand or hitting a hard surface in impact type soil interactive tools (spade). The foot and legs were the body part injured most frequently in these tools. In case of harvesting tools (sickle), amputations of fingers and in weeding fork abrasions on under side of little finger because of ground contact were common injuries. In case of axe and sugar cane cutter injuries, higher severity injuries were sustained on upper extremities. There are 1700 injuries related to hand tools per hundred thousand farm workers per year in rural India. Productivity is impaired to the tune of24,000 days per hundred thousand population because of injuries caused by hand tools on farms.
Peristaltic Pumping System for Metering Aqueous Fertilizer
Authors: A. K. Dey  , Indra Mani  , J.S. Panwar
Published: May 2024

In dryland areas, an aqueous fertilizer seed drill helps in proper germination of seed and good establishment of crops by providing soil moisture during sowing time. Until now a suitable pumping unit to meter and disperse aqueous fertilizer is not available. The objective of the present work is to optimize the design values of the pump variables for different discharge rates suitable for different dryland winter crops. A prototype pump was developed and evaluated with two levels of reel diameter (0.30 and 0.16 m); four levels of roller spacing (15.7,8.4 ; 6.29, 11.8 cm); three levels of liquid head (0.51, 0.46, and 0.41 m); three levels of rpm (50, 100, and ISO); and three flexible tube diameters (12.7,9.6, and 6.4 mm). Discharge data was collected from the flexible tubes mounted on the rollers of the pump at a particular rpm and for the given levels of other pump variables. At ISO rpm, an individual tube of 12.7 mm diameter gave highest discharge of441 I/h. For 0.1 m variation of head, discharge varied by a maximum of50 1/ h. An increase of 3.9 cm roller spacing affected the discharge by a maximum of 160 I/h at 150 rpm. The developed pumping system with nine rows is capable of delivering a discharge range of212 I/h to 396911h, which satisfies the water requirement of many dryland winter crops.
Fluidized Bed Drying of Ginger Flakes
Authors: K.K. Singh  , D. Tiroutchelvame  , S. Patel
Published: May 2024

Drying of ginger (Zingiber officinale) flakes was studied under fluidized bed conditions in the temperature range of 50 to 80°C and pretreatment of calcium oxide in the range of I to 2.5%. Drying rate at 60°C air temperature decreased from 0.43 to 0.17 gls with the change in moisture content from 300 to 10% d.b. The volatile oil in dried flakes decreased from 1.2 to 0.99% with increase in drying temperature from 50 to 80°C. The effect of drying temperature and concentration of calcium oxide on colour L*(lightness) value and drying ratio was non-significant at P>0.05, however, these had significant effect on rehydration ratio.
Relationship between G protein level with left ventricular systolic function in children with acyanotic heart disease
Authors: Dimiati Herlina , Srikandi Mira , Haypheng Te , Sovira Nora , Herdata Heru N. , Bakhtiar Bakhtiar , Edward Eka D.
Published: May 2024

Heart failure is a pediatric emergency caused by the heart's inability to adequately meet the body metabolic needs and the most common cause is congenital heart disease (CHD). The G protein is the most prominent family of membrane-bound protein known to act in major regulatory events of the cardiovascular system, one of which is heart failure. The aim of this study was to determine the level of G protein and its relationship with left ventricular systolic function in children with acyanotic CHD. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dr. Zaionel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The patients aged 0 to 18 years and had acyanotic CHD diagnosis by echocardiography were included. Anthropometry measurement was performed according to standard WHO procedures and G protein level was measured using the ELISA method. The Chi-squared test was used to measure the relationship between G protein level and left ventricular systolic function. Out of a total of 38 children with acyanotic CHD, the mean level of G protein was 36.25 ng/mL and the mean of left ventricular systolic function was 73.1%. There was no relationship between G protein and left ventricular systolic function in children with acyanotic CHD. However, further study with a larger sample size and considering other variables are needed to confirm this finding.
Browntop Millet (Brachiaria ramosa): An Overview of the Underutilized Miraculous Multifunctional Millet
Authors: Srivastav Shubhangi , Chauhan Ekta Singh
Published: May 2024

Millets are the crops that flourish magnificently even with minimum input requirements and adverse climatic conditions. These gluten-free ingredients stand out from other ingredients in terms of high nutritive value and low price point. The consumption of millets not only provides superior nutrients but also embarks an important role in agricultural stability. Browntop millet (BTM) is a characteristic member of the Poaceace (millet) family which possesses nutritional properties like high protein, iron, phosphorus and fibre content. The nutrient load of this small millet could be positively increased by applying processing methods like soaking, germination, extrudation and sundrying which therefore gives a tough competition to its family members in terms of nutritional and phenolic load. This is a comprehensive review which aims to provide information about ethnobotanical characteristics, nutritional profile, pharmacological benefits and culinary importance of Brown top millet. The health promoting benefits such as anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, detoxification and anti-ulcerogenic helps to qualify browntop millet as an efficacious functional food. It may prove as a great alternative to wheat for people with gluten sensitivity and those suffering from obesity issues.

Key words: Gluten-free, Agricultural stability, Soaking, Nutritional profile, Culinary, Functional food.
Use of Robotic Assisted Mirror Therapy for Hand Rehabilitation in Post-stroke Patients: A Narrative Review of Literature
Authors: N. Vekariya Hemanshi , H. Ramanandi Vivek , A. Pathan Rumana Khatun
Published: May 2024

Background: Recovery of hand function is very important for the independence of patients with stroke. Standard mirror therapy is a well-established therapy regime for severe arm paresis after acquired brain injury. Soft robotic glove along with mirror therapy (i.e., robotic assisted mirror therapy) have been employed recently to assist the recovery of hand function during activities of daily living (ADLs) in stroke patients. This study aims to review available literature related to use of robotic assisted mirror therapy for hand rehabilitation in post stroke patients.
Methodology: Full texts of scientific literature published in English language between 2011 to 2022 were searched on various online databases. Total 3 publications related to use of robotic assisted mirror therapy for hand rehabilitation were found. Based upon the selection criteria, 2 full texts were included for review. Randomized control trials (RCTs), pre-test/post-test, pilot & non-RCTs were included.
Result: Both articles reported that combining effect of mirror therapy with robotic glove therapy was more beneficial when compared to the conventional mirror therapy alone to improve glove functions.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that clinically combination of mirror therapy with robotic glove will be promoted for better outcomes related to hand rehabilitation in post-stroke patients.

Key words: Hand Rehabilitation, mirror therapy, robot glove, robotic hand, stroke.
proceso de formación para la orientación de la creatividad en los estudiantes de la carrera licenciatura educación preescolar
Authors: Lago Jiménez Lisandra , Lazo Fernández Yurien , Ferragut Reinoso Ekaterina
Published: May 2024

La formación para la orientación de la creatividad en estudiantes de educación preescolar es un proceso de construcción del conocimiento que se lleva a cabo a través de la interacción social y que permite desarrollar la competencia creativa en los niños. La creatividad es una competencia que se puede desarrollar en los estudiantes de educación inicial (0-6 años) a través del juego. Los factores sociales que influyen en el desarrollo de la creatividad, como la familia, el entorno familiar y la escuela, interactúan en la historia del niño como elementos esenciales de su desarrollo. El enfoque personológico plantea el valor que tiene la creatividad para la persona y lo visualiza como una exigencia de la pedagogía para la efectividad de los procesos de aprendizaje, asumiendo la concepción de la personalidad como una configuración holística, sistémica, consciente, activa que se desarrolla en los procesos de socialización y comunicación. Analizar el valor que tiene la orientación de la creatividad como contenido esencial en la formación de estos profesionales de la Educación preescolar constituye el objetivo de este trabajo.
Development of Whey Beverages from Paneer Preparation Using Fruit Coagulants: A Comparative Study on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties
Authors: A. Amina , B. Usha
Published: May 2024

Whey is a by-product of milk generated during the preparation of coagulated milk products. However, whey disposal results in serious environmental pollution due to its high biological oxygen demand. Therefore, whey generated from the preparation of Indian soft cheese (paneer) by coagulating heated milk with 2% citric acid solution (control) lemon or Indian gooseberry (amla) extracts was collected and mixed with sugar, colour, and flavour were used to develop whey beverages. The whey and whey beverages were analysed for physicochemical and sensory properties. Whey from lemon extract contained higher total solids, fat and protein content than citric acid and amla extract. The ascorbic acid content was higher in amla (56.5 mg/100g) than in lemon whey (6.76 mg/100g) and was not detected in control. The total phenols (GAE mg/100g) and tannins (mg/100g) respectively were higher in amla (550; 394.45) than in lemon (69.23; 4.08) and citric acid (5.86; 0.00). The antioxidant activity was higher in whey from lemon extract (88.77%) than amla (81.38%) and citric acid (14.39%). The whey beverages from both fruit extracts were highly acceptable. Therefore, whey generated from paneer preparation can be used to make beverages with improved health benefits, hence minimising environmental pollution.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Socialisation in the Knowledge Society
Authors: S. D. Edinyang , B. G. Ele , J. D. Odey
Published: May 2024

This paper addresses socialisation in the knowledge society, focusing on the usefulness of socialisation for the knowledge society. In the educational knowledge society, the processes of socialisation are increasingly understood as the accumulation of social and cultural capital, related to the functions of educational development. The aim of the research is to critically perform a comprehensive analysis of socialisation in the knowledge society by carefully examining socialisation, knowledge, knowledge society, knowledge economy, education and social studies. The features, types and stages of socialisation, the concept of knowledge and its types, the consequences of knowledge society, knowledge society as academic concept and stage of development as well as the analysis of socialisation for the knowledge society were thoroughly discussed in this study. The conceptualization of the knowledge society, which emerged between 1940 and 1960, is examined in this paper along with its significance. The knowledge of society's cognitive role structure and the spiritual qualities that influence creativity are discussed as essential components of socialisation. Under the broad technological field, and circumstances of modern knowledge culture, the potential of early socialisation is described by the dynamics of the professional maturation period. In order to understand the substance of modern education in accordance with its cultural mission, the study develops the theoretical groundwork and offers practical justification for socialisation as a concept, which is vital to the growth of the knowledge society. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the governments, political and economic elites, as well as businesses, civil society, news media, and academic communities should embrace the usefulness of socialisation in the knowledge society.
Enhancing Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Efficiency through Absorber Tube Rotation: A Computational Study
Authors: Mohan Das A N, Sudeep Kumar T Umamaheshwar Hebbal, Bhimasen Soragaon, Abdulrajak buradi,
Published: May 2024

This work uses CFD simulations to examine how absorber tube rotation affects parabolic trough solar collector performance, including output temperature, thermal efficiency, and surface temperature distribution. Simulation results are closely matched to experimental data, with variances ranging from 0.54% to 4.63%. It examines how mass flow rates (0.01 kg/s, 0.015 kg/s, and 0.02 kg/s) and input temperatures (32°C to 38°C) affect system performance in stationary and rotational modes at 1 and 2 rpm. Tube rotation considerably improves thermal mixing in the heat transfer fluid (HTF), resulting in more equal temperature distribution and possibly improved heat transfer efficiency. Increased rotational speed causes complicated dynamics that slightly impair thermal efficiency due to centrifugal forces affecting fluid flow patterns. The study shows that thermal efficiency peaks in the morning, emphasizing the importance of climatic and operational factors on collector performance.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.276