bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Learning Materials untuk E-learning Mata Kuliah Metodologi Penelitian
Authors: Dinar Nur Syifa  , Khaerudin  , Mulyadi
Published: January 2021

This development aims to produce a product in the form of learning materials for e-learning of Educational Research Methodology Course. The developed learning materials refer to the needs of the course and semester learning design that has been developed for the course, to facilitate learner in making more flexible and directed learning process. Development is carried out by Integrative Learning Design Framework Model with its three steps, they are, exploration information, enactment, and evaluation. The learning materials have gone through evaluation phase involving media experts, subject matter expert, instructional design expert, and users. Evaluation was carried out using open questionnaires to obtain descriptive data in the form of suggestions and input for product improvement. The follow up of the evaluation phase is some revisions of the product which include: color an text readability of the entire course site, changes in material display mode, formulation of learning objectives, concept map somponents, and learning object components.
The impact of camera angles in learning videos on the perception of teaching excellence and emotional connectedness of students in the creative industries
Authors: Olsen Dennis A
Published: January 2021

With the use of learning videos in higher education (HE) on the rise, and an increased importance assigned to the perception of teaching excellence by students in the United Kingdom (UK) and worldwide, this paper considers the impact of camera angles on students’ perception of teaching excellence and students’ emotional connectedness. Two focus groups comprising undergraduate students studying full time in subjects of the creative industries watched and discussed two videos with identical content (a presenter, presenting) but different camera angles – low-shot versus eye-level. The videos were provided as part of the course materials. The responses elicited in the focus groups suggest that an eye-level camera shot positively affects student perception of the presenter’s credibility, goodwill and professionalism in learning videos. At the same time, findings call into question the suitability of presenter-focused learning videos altogether for the teaching of creative industries subjects in HE, since students perceive that they lack sufficient presenter sparkle to enthuse, motivate and engage their audience.
Developing the Inclusive Course Design Tool: a tool to support staff reflection on their inclusive practice
Authors: Smith Susan Virginia , Pickford Ruth , Priestley Janice , Sellers Rebecca
Published: January 2021

Inclusivity is fundamental to higher education, its course design, its assessment and its delivery. The principles of inclusivity offer all students the opportunities to achieve to the best of their ability. The purpose of this case-study is to outline the context, process, development and initial evaluation of a newly generated tool designed for academic colleagues. The Inclusive Course Design Tool (ICDT) offers a series of questions for reflection with supporting guidance rooted in theory and research on inclusion, pedagogy, multiculturalism, universal design for learning and implicit and unconscious bias. This first version of the tool encourages course teams to reflect on and interrogate the nature of inclusive academic practice in their courses, in their course curricula, their classrooms (virtual or physical) and their approaches to student learning and support. The contextualised rationale for the tool, its design, the consultation process, its early evaluation and future considerations as an institutional tool are explored. This paper specifically explores its use to try to reduce the black, asian and minority ethnic (BAME) student award gap and enhance success and graduate outcomes, as well as academic practice and staff reflection.
Australian exemplars of sustainable and economic managed aquifer recharge
Authors: Vanderzalm Joanne , Naumann Bruce , Higginson Simon , Page Declan , Jones Andrew , Moscovis Vanessa , Hamilton Stacey , Gonzales Dennis , Dandy Graeme , Dillon Karen , Dillon Peter , Prommer Henning , Donn Mike
Published: January 2021

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can improve water security by using aquifers to store water when it is abundant until required for future use and can increase the use of urban stormwater and treated wastewater to reduce the demand on traditional surface water and groundwater supplies. Recently, two Australian examples were showcased internationally as sustainable and economic MAR: Perth’s groundwater replenishment scheme (GWRS) with recycled water to increase security of urban water supply and a multi-site urban stormwater MAR scheme for suburban non-potable water supply in Salisbury, Adelaide. This paper provides a synopsis of these Australian exemplars of sustainable and economic MAR.
KOTAK INFAK DI NU-CARE LAZISNU KABUPATEN SRAGEN: IMPLEMENTASI DAN PENGELOLAAN
Authors: Huda Miftahul , Kasanah Nur
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhilanthropy is all voluntary activities of individuals and communities, both in the form of objects and services used for public purposes. Philanthropy has a broader range of meanings than charity. In Islam, philanthropy can be in the form of zakat, donation, alms, and endowments. In Sragen Regency, Central Java, the local Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) through the NU Amil Zakat Institute is known as the NU Care LAZISNU initiated the realization of Islamic philanthropy which is unique namely, philanthropic activity based on infaq coins or coins called the NU Coin Movement, this paper shows that the implementation of the management of the NU Coin Movement in NU Care LAZISNU Sragen Regency consists of fund-raising management, distribution management, and utilization and reporting management has progressed well as modern management as evidenced by the results of distribution to the people who need it.Keywords: Philanthropy, Alms giving, Waqf, Charity AbstrakFilantropi adalah semua kegiatan pemberian sukarela dari individu dan masyarakat, baik berupa benda maupun layanan yang digunakan untuk kepentingan umum. Filantropi memiliki cakupan makna yang lebih luas dari amal (charity). Dalam Islam, filantropi dapat berupa zakat, infak, sedekah dan wakaf. Di Kabupaten Sragen Jawa Tengah, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) setempat melalui Lembaga Amil Zakat NU yang dikenal dengan nama NU Care LAZISNU menginisiasi terwujudnya filantropi Islam yang cukup unik yaitu, aktivitas filantropi berbasis kotak infak uang koin atau receh yang disebut Gerakan Koin NU, tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan manajemen Gerakan Koin NU di NU Care LAZISNU Kabupaten Sragen terdiri dari manajemen fundraising, manajemen distribusi dan pendayagunaan dan manajemen pelaporan telah berkembang dengan baik sebagaimana menejemen modern yang dibuktikan dengan hasil penyaluran kepada masyarakat yang memerlukan.
KEADILAN HUKUM DALAM PERATURAN PERLAKUAN BAGI TAHANAN DAN NARAPIDANA LANJUT USIA
Authors: Pahlevi Farida Sekti
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe existence of norms in the social life of the community becomes a joint responsibility in maintaining sustainable moral and ethical values by the environmental conditions of the community itself, the aim is to build a society of values with the principles of justice and goodness. Sanctions are given as the final verdict of any violations committed by citizens as a form of responsibility for all their actions. In principle, the sanctions given are as guidance, empowerment, and education for citizens who provide lessons and experience so that it will be a good thing in the future. The issuance of Permenkumham No. 32 of 2018 is an effort to uphold the law and provide clarity on the status of detainees and elderly prisoners. On one side related to the regulation also caused anxiety, whether the issuance of the Permenkumham is by the nature of legal justice. Given the high number of detainees and elderly prisoners, it provides a reality that an elderly person is still very vulnerable to committing unlawful acts or actions.Keywords: Legal Justice, Prisoners, Prisoners, Elderly AbstrakKeberadaan norma dalam kehidupan sosial masyarakat menjadi tanggung jawab bersama dalam mempertahankan nilai-nilai moral dan etika yang berkelanjutan sesuai dengan kondisi lingkungan masyarakat itu sendiri, tujuannya untuk membangun masyarakat yang bertata nilai dengan prinsip keadilan dan kebaikan. Sanksi diberikan sebagai putusan akhir dari setiap pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh warga negara sebagai wujud tanggung jawab atas segala perbuatannya. Pada prinsipnya, sanksi yang diberikan adalah sebagai pembinaan, pemberdayaan, dan pendidikan bagi warga negara yang memberikan pelajaran dan pengalaman agar kiranya menjadi sebuah kebaikan dikemudian hari. Penerbitan permenkumham no 32 tahun 2018 tersebut sebagai upaya penegakan hukum dan memberikan kejelasan terhadap status tahanan dan narapidana lanjut usia. Disatu sisi terkait dengan peraturan tersebut juga menimbulkan kegelisahan, apakah dengan diterbitkannya permenkumham tersebut benar-benar sudah sesuai dengan hakikat keadilan hukum. Mengingat jumlah tahanan dan narapidana lanjut usia yang begitu tinggi, memberikan suatu kenyataan bahwa sesorang yang sudah lanjut usia masih sangat rentan melakukan perbuatan atau tindakan yang melanggar hukum.
PERAN SUAMI ISTRI DALAM MEGELOLA KEUANGAN KELUARGA MANTAN BURUH MIGRAN DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN PONOROGO
Authors: Kususiyanah Anjar
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini mengekplorasi tentang peran antara suami istri mantan buruh migrant yang berada di wilayah ponorogo dalam hal pengelolaan keuangan keluarga. Karena wilayah ponorogo merupakan penyumbang tertinggi buruh migrant dan penyumbang angka tertinggi dalam hal perceraian yang di latar belakangi faktor ekonomi. Kondisi anggota keluarga dapat mempengaruhi peran dalam sebuah keluarga, peran suami istri didasarkan pada kewajiban masing-masing, adapun untuk mengatur tanggung jawab antara suami istri merupakan hal yang lazim dilakukan agar kehidupan berkeluarga menjadi harmonis dan terarah. Secara garis besar, suami istri memiliki hak dan kewajiban yang seimbang. Namun, demikian bentuk konkrit dalam setiap keluarga peran suami istri berbeda, tergantung kesepakatan yang dibuat oleh keduanya. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi peran buruh migrant dalam mengatur keuangan keluarga. Ketika mantan keluarga buruh migrant menyadari dan menjalankan peran sesuai dengan pola keluarga yang dipilih maka keluarga akan berjalan secara harmonis. Akan tetapi yang membedakan beberapa informan yang terkait penegelolaan keuangan keluarga adalah: Pertama, Planing; keluarga yang harmonis adalah keluarga buruh migrant yang memiliki rencana pemanfaatan hasil kerja sebagai buruh migrant untuk keperluan produktif. Kedua, actuating; keluarga yang harmonis adalah keluarga buruh migrant yang mengalokasikan hasil kerja sesuai dengan planing yang sudah di buat. Ketiga, Controling; Keluarga yang harmonis adalah keluarga buruh migrant yang sama-sama memiliki control dalam mengelola penghasilan kerja sesuai dengan porsi yang ditentukan saat penentuan pola keluarga.
ANALISIS YURIDIS TENTANG HADA >NAH (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Madiun 0646/ Pdt.G/2015/PA.Kab.Mn)
Authors: Indriyani Asit Defi
Published: January 2021

Pemeliharaan anak adalah kewajiban orang tua, tetapi untuk penguasaan anak harus mengikuti salah satu dari orang tuanya baik ayah ataupun ibunya. Pengasuhan anak bukan merupakan permasalahan jika masing-masing orang tua merelakannya untuk di asuh bersama, Akan tetapi bila timbul perselisihan mengenai hak asuh anak maka akan di putus melalui pengadilan untuk mementukan siapa yang memegang hak asuh pasca perceraian. Menengok pada aturan dalam KHI Pasal 105 bilamana anak belum mumayyiz maka hak asuh ada pada ibunya. Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Madiun adalah salah satu lembaga peradilan yang mempunyai wewenang dalam menerima, memeriksa dan memutuskan perkara dari akibat perceraian salah satunya adalah hak asuh anak. Pada tahun 2015 ada satu gugatan yang dilanjutkan perebutan hada>nah yang diberikan kepada ayahnya, sedangkan secara normative seharusnya hak asuh anak diberikan pada ibunya yakni dalam putusan nomor : 0646/Pdt.G/2015/PA.Kab.Mn
MASYARAKAT MILENIAL MELEK HUKUM AKSELERASI PRODUK HALAL BERJAYA DI PENTAS DUNIA
Authors: Safira Martha Eri , Roihanah Rifah , Hasanah Uswatul , Mufidah Lailatul
Published: January 2021

Mendapatkan produk-produk yang aman, higinis dan sesuai dengan syariat juga merupakan hak asasi manusia. Segala produk yang sudah terjamin kehalalannya sudah jelas produk tersebut aman dan sehat.Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal (selanjutnya disingkat UUJPH), maka sudah barang tentu produksi barang-barang harus memiliki label halal, baik makanan, minuman, obat-obatan, vaksin, suplemen makanan, dan kosmetik. Bila dilihat dari pengertian pelaku usaha dalam UUJPH Pasal 1 point 10 dijelaskan bahwa pelaku usaha adalah orang perseorangan atau badan usaha berbentuk badan hukum atau bukan badan hukum yang menyelenggarakan kegiatan usaha di wilayah Indonesia. Dari pengertian tersebut jelas bahwa semua pelaku usaha yang menghasilkan suatu barang atau produk wajib mendaftarkan produknya untuk mendapatkan sertifikasi halal. Sedangkan yang dimaksud produk yang harus mendaftarakan produknya untuk memperoleh sertifikasi halal berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 1 point 1 UUJPH adalah barang dan/atau jasa yang terkait dengan makanan, minuman, obat, kosmetik, produk kimiawi, produk rekayasa genetic, serta barang gunaan yang dipakai, digunakan atau dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Pengertian masyarakat mencakup orang perorangan atau konsumen sebagai pemanfaat akhir dari suatu produk secara keseluruhan, tidak ada spesifikasi khusus untuk umat Islam. Kemudian ditegaskan pula dalam Pasal 4 UUJPH bahwa produk yang masuk, beredar, dan diperdagangkan di wilayah Indonesia wajib bersertifikat halal. Maka dari sini timbul pertanyaan sudahkah masyarakat milenial saat ini paham dan mengerti tentang produk halal, manfaatnya dan keamanannya, bagaimana upaya pemerintah dalam memperkenalkan arti penting produk halal bagi masyarakat milenial saat ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahamkan kepada masyarakat akan arti penting mengkonsumsi produk yang halal.
REINTERPRETASI KONSEP KAFĀ’AH (Pemahaman Dan Kajian Terhadap Maqaṣid Sharīʻah)
Authors: MAHASIN ASHWAB
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK ; Perkawinan merupakan salah satu aplikasi sosial dari konsep maqashid syari’ah yaitu sebagai kelanjutan dari hifdz an-nasl dengan cara menyatukan antara laki-laki dan perempuan dalam satu ikatan yang sah untuk membentuk keluarga yang bahagia. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan sebelum berlangsungkan ikatan perkawinan yaitu perlu diupayakannya mencari calon yang baik dan sesuai, maka konsep kafā’ah sangat penting untuk diketahui. Dalam konsep ini, masih terjadi perbedaan wacana dan pemahaman dalam menerapkan secara konkret dalam masyarakat antara teks dan konteks maupun normatifisme dengan historisitasnya. Walaupun kafā’ah bukan perkara yang baru dan para ulama telah banyak yang mengkaji dan ada beberapa kesepakatan tetapi dalam prakteknya perlu dikembangkan atau direorientasikan seiring perkembangan zaman dengan tetap mengacu pada tujuan syari’ah. Pemahaman konsep ini perlu adanya perpaduan teori yang pada intinya dapat diambil sebuah garis tengah bahwa konsep kafā’ah memandang pentingnya nilai kesepadanan yang dijadikan sebagai cara untuk mencari calon pasangan yang sesuai dan serasi dalam membentuk rumah tangga. Akan tetapi, konsep kafā’ah tidak boleh dijadikan sebagai langkah untuk mengetahui seseorang dengan maksud mendiskriminasi perbedaan dan melebihkan seseorang dalam hal tertetu. Dengan demikian, pensyari’ahan kafā’ah dalam perkawinan merupakan langkah antisipasi rusaknya hubungan suami-isteri setelah berlangsungkan aqad nikah sehingga dapat terbentuk keluarga yang sakinah, mawaddah wa rohmah baik dari segi sosial, ekonomi, maupun agama. Dan kafā’ah yang semula merupakan suatu ukuran kesepadanan yang mempertimbangkan agama, harta, keturunan, pekerjaan dapat dipertegas menjadi kesesuaian yang berdasarkan kecocokan dalam hati tanpa paksaan dengan diperkuatkan keserasian berkeyakinan dalam beragama untuk membangun rumah tangga yang bahagia.
KAJIAN PERATURAN MENTERI AGAMA RI NOMOR 52 TAHUN 2014 TERHADAP PENDAYAGUNAAN ZAKAT PRODUKTIF BAZNAS KOTA MADIUN
Authors: Abidah Atik , Rosyida Yuniar Fathiyyatur
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK : Islam tumbuh dengan banyak kepedulian positif terhadap realitas suatu permasalahan, termasuk fenomena perekonomian, salah satunya adalah nilai filantropi dalam kewajiban zakat. Pengembangan pengelolaan zakat salah satunya adalah dengan produktifitas zakat, yang seharusnya mampu berperan dalam mengatasi pelbagai permasalahan ekonomi. Salah satu lembaga zakat yang menerapkan metode pendayagunaan zakat secara produktif adalah Baznas Kota Madiun yaitu dengan melalui program Bisafari. Begitu juga pemerintah melalui Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 52 tahun 2014 telah mengatur mengenai pendayagunaan zakat produktif tersebut. Salah satu syaratnya adalah bahwa kebutuhan dasar mustahik sudah terpenuhi, memenuhi ketentuan Syariah, dan menghasilkan nilai tambah ekonomi. Demikian juga halnya terkait pembuatan laporan tentang produktifitas zakat, dalam aturan tersebut, laporan dilakukan setiap 6 bulan sekali dan harus mencantumkan perkembangan Mustahiq. Hasil dari penelitian tentang pendayagunaan zakat di BAZNAS Kota Madiun, Pertama, tentang kriteria Mustahik dalam Program Bisafari belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan peraturan Menag No. 52 Tahun 2014, dalam praktiknya, di Kota Madiun masih terdapat mustahiq yang tidak bisa mengembangkan usahanya dengan bantuan tersebut, artinya belum bisa berdaya secara ekonomi. Kedua, kajian Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 52 Tahun 2014 terhadap pelaporan zakat produktif di Baznas Kota Madiun dengan program bisafarinya adalah belum sesuai dengan Pasal 35 ayat (4) yaitu Baznas Kota Madiun hanya membuat laporan keuangan Baznas setiap setahun sekali, dan dalam pembuatan laporan tersebut tidak dicantumkan mengenai perkembangan para mustahiq, sehingga tidak diketahui apakah ada perubahan dari pemberdayaan dana zakat tersebut.
STRATEGI DAN ADVOKASI PONDOK PESANTREN DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH KONFLIK SOSIAL (Studi Analisis Pondok Pesantren Al-Ittihad Jabung Lampung Timur)
Authors: Hilmawan Tedi
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK : Konflik sosial dengan melibatkan tindak kekerasan masa masih sering terjadi Lampung, Salah satunya di Jabung, Lampung Timur. Secara umum, konflik disebabkan karena persoalan politik, ekonomi, sosial budaya antar umat beragama, suku etnis, masyarakat dengan pelaku usaha dan distribusi sumber daya alam yang tidak seimbang. Pondok Pesantren  sebagai bagian dari gerakan Civil Society selain melaksanakan institusi pendidikan, pada dasarnya dapat memberikan kontribusi besar dalam upaya menjaga keharmonisan simpul sosial kemasyarakatan dalam upaya mecegah konflik sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Strategi dan Advokasi Pondok Pesantren Al-Ittihad dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Konflik Sosial di Jabung? Bagaimana relasi dalam penyelesaian konflik?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan  adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan data melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dalam implementasinya strategi  dan advokasi yang  dilakukan Pondok Pesantren Al-Ittihad adalah strategi persuasi dan edukasi. Strategi persuasi dilakukan dengan melakukan rapat, lokakarya, koalisi, lobi, media, dan demo. Upaya perdamaian yang dilakukan adalah menggelar dialog publik bekerjasama HPJ (Himpunan Pemuda Jabung) dan Gerakan Pemuda Ansor melibatkan pemerintah dan tokoh masyarakat. Selanjutnya, Strategi Edukasi Pondok pesantren dilakukan dengan kegiatan pengajian seperti solawat (Masbroan), istigotsah dan thoriqoh. Dalam upaya penyelesaian konflik, Pondok pesantren lebih dominan bertindak langsung ke masyarakat.
Survive, Revive, Thrive: Chapter 5: Steering by the Stars
Authors: Blasingame Tom
Published: January 2021

The purpose of life is to discover your gift. The work of life is to develop it. The meaning of life is to give your gift away. - David S. Viscott, American psychiatrist

Steering by the Stars

History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. History is who we are and why we are the way we are. - David McCullough, American historian

I recently read a “thought piece” in a major magazine that was a fictional account of how a new CEO would address his or her company’s employees while simultaneously restructuring the company’s units to deal with the pandemic. The fictitious CEO focused on prioritizing two things: treating the employees with respect while rewarding their loyalty and contributions and taking the necessary actions to maintain and improve engagement and sales for the company’s customers.

This story is a reminder of the effect the pandemic has on businesses - all businesses. When the need to hire, utilize, and retain the very best talent is absolutely essential, do talented people really need to be micromanaged and endlessly evaluated? Or should we have the confidence to let them do their jobs?

As I have mentioned in past columns, we (the big we - the oil and gas industry) will emerge leaner and a lot meaner when this storm finally passes. Employment, promotions, career mobility, and access to capital will become much more competitive. Our next generation, the students, need to understand and accept this. Young professionals need to realize that being a best-in-class performer may not be an option, and yes, layers of management will disappear as we rely on people to self-motivate and self-optimize their performance.

We must also focus on what our customers want, namely energy security, diversity of access to energy, a lower-carbon future, and assurances that we are “walking the walk” on ESG issues. ESG stands for environmental, social, and corporate governance, in case you forgot. Each of these is both desirable and achievable - and need I restate that this is what our customers want?

So how do we “steer by the stars?” Start with the obvious: If you can’t see the stars, you may want to wait until you do. Most importantly, this method works - crudely perhaps, and certainly not with the precision or reliability of GPS, but we aren’t trying to thread a needle. We are trying to ensure the significance of our industry and the livelihoods of our people. Understanding how to get where we need to be is the most essential element to getting there. We have the talent, technology, and infrastructure to provide a vital energy component. We need to make sure that we are “steering” toward our customers and toward a future where we continue to make a significant social and economic impact on the global economy.
SPE Technical Directors’ Outlook - The Industry’s Transformation in 2020 and What It Means for the Future
Authors: Feder Judy
Published: January 2021

For an industry in which terms like “first ever,” “unparalleled,” “unprecedented,” and “novel” are often over-used to the point of losing their meaning, 2020 hit hard with the true meaning of those words as the COVID-19 pandemic exploded onto the world and disrupted almost everything about life as we knew it.

The oil and gas industry, which had begun showing signs of recovery from a generational downturn, was hit particularly hard. Jobs were lost, companies shuttered, and supply chains upended. But the same combination of audacity and ingenuity that has driven the industry for over a century took hold quickly.

Oil and gas people love - and need - to network, share ideas, transfer and apply technology, and gather intelligence. So, when in-person conferences, workshops, and tradeshows were suddenly canceled or indefinitely postponed, entities such as the Society of Petroleum Engineers scrambled to use digital technology to take those events online and make them virtual. While not a perfect replacement, virtual online events offer some unique advantages, as SPE technical directors pointed out in their annual roundup.

Digitalization, long a controversial topic among many in the upstream sector, is now being called essential by the directors across the six SPE technical disciplines they lead. Automation is mentioned frequently in the directors’ comments as a growing contributor to efficiency and risk reduction.

Capital discipline, balance sheet management, and cash flow are seen as crucial, as are collaboration (both internal and external) and value - ranging from core values to value-driven data, to provable, value-based outcomes.

Agility and the ability to comply with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria have taken on new importance. So has work - how and where we do it, and how we balance it with other aspects of life. Knowledge dissemination is considered more important than ever.

Uncertainty continues to characterize the upstream sector, even more so than before the pandemic, but at least one thing is certain: The work of the industry, and the way in which people who comprise it work, is forever changed.

The SPE technical disciplines and the directors who lead them are as follows.

Completions - Terry Palisch, CARBO Ceramics

Data Science and Engineering Analytics - Silviu Livescu, Baker Hughes

Drilling - David Reid, NOV

HSE and Sustainability - Annamaria Petrone, Eni

Production and Facilities - Robert Pearson, Glynn Resources

Reservoir - Erdal Ozkan, Colorado School of Mines

Here, they reflect on a truly unprecedented year and share their outlooks for their disciplines going forward.
Mud-Gas Breakthrough Equinor Develops Real-Time Reservoir-Fluid Identification
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: January 2021

For all that logging-while-drilling has provided since its wide-spread adoption in the 1980s, there is one thing on the industry’s wish list that it could never offer: an accurate way to tell the difference between oil and gas.

A new technology created by petrotechnicals at Equinor, however, has made this possible.

The innovation could be thought of as a pseudo-log, but Equinor is describing it as a reservoir-fluid-identification system. Using an internally developed machine-learning model, it compares a database of more than 4,000 reservoir samples against the real-time analysis of the mud gas that flows up a well as it is drilled.

Crunched out of the technology’s various hardware and software components is a prediction on the gas/oil ratio (GOR) that the rock being drilled through will have once it is producing. Since this happens in real time, it boils down to an alert system for when drillers are tapping into uneconomic pay zones.

“This is something people have tried to do for 30 years - using partial information to predict entire oil and gas properties,” said Tao Yang. He added that “the data acquisition is rather cheap compared with all the downhole tools, and it doesn’t cost you rig time,” highlighting that the mud-gas analyzer critical to the process sits on a rig or platform without interfering with drilling operations.

Yang is a reservoir technology specialist at Equinor and one of the authors of a technical paper (SPE 201323) about the new digital technology that was presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition in October.

He and his colleagues spent more than 3 years building the system which began in the Norwegian oil company’s Houston office as a project to improve pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) analysis in tight-oil wells in North America. It has since found a home in the company’s much larger offshore business unit in Stavanger.

Offshore projects designed around certain oil-production targets can face harsh realities when they end up producing more associated gas than expected. It is the difference between drilling an underperforming well full of headaches and one that will pay out hundreds of millions of dollars over its lifetime.

By introducing real-time fluid identification, Equinor is trying to enforce a new control on that risk by giving drillers the information they need to pull the bit back and start drilling a side-track deeper into the formation where the odds are better of finding higher proportions of oil or condensates.

At the conference, Yang shared details about some of the first field implementations, saying that in most cases the GOR predictions made by the fluid-identification system were confirmed by traditional PVT analysis from the trial wells.

Unlike other advancements made on this front, he also said the new approach is the first of its kind to combine such a large database of PVT data with a machine-learning model “that is common to any well.” That means “we do not need to know where this well is located” to make a GOR prediction, said Yang.
Technology Focus: Seismic (February 2021)
Authors: Egan Mark S.
Published: January 2021

It was gratifying to see that, despite the challenges inflicted by the pandemic this past year, technologies in the seismic world continued to advance. As an example, the machine-learning theme again received considerable focus.

As I reviewed all the SPE seismic papers this time, the most noticeable thing was the diversity of themes and case histories that were covered.

Thus, in addition to selecting three papers to be synopsized this year, I expanded the list of recommended readings to showcase that diversity. For instance, gravity and electromagnetics (and their integration with seismic) are also featured. I hope you will find this broad range of topics useful.
Drones Move From "Nice To Have" to Strategic Resources for Projects
Authors: Feder Judy
Published: January 2021

While drones have been used on oil and gas facilities for video inspections and other tasks, they have been operated by an on-site pilot or one positioned on a bobbing workboat adjacent to an offshore platform. Now a proof-of-concept study conducted by TechnipFMC has tested the feasibility of a global drone system with drones operated remotely by pilots based anywhere in the world. The study is the subject of a paper (OTC 30241) presented at the Offshore Technology Conference Asia in Kuala Lumpur in November.

Construction supervision and health, safety, and environmental (HSE) monitoring were the main drivers of the study. The construction supervision application is part of a larger digitalization ambition to monitor and manage construction activities with data generated from the drone ultimately feeding an internal software dedicated to this business process. Potential HSE applications include crisis management, human safety, evacuation assistance, hazardous-area identification, traffic control, carbon-footprint reduction, and environmental surveys.

One of the study’s main objectives was to move from traditional unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAV) to resident systems and to investigate the possibilities they could offer. Aerial views have been used extensively to reduce personnel exposure in specific situations such as difficult access or potentially dangerous inspection areas like active flares, confined spaces, or high structures. In these cases, the drones are controlled by an on-site pilot who is either within their line of sight or a short distance away.

Combining AUV technology with embedded and associated intelligence from the internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and cloud and edge computing should enable drones to fly safely in complex and dynamic environments, resulting in integrated, resident systems that are permanently deployed at construction sites and available 24/7 without the need for an on-site certified pilot. Implementing these technologies will make data accessible and available in real time to people working on the project worldwide and it will also generate new work processes for project management and execution.

Flight and Operations Testing

According to the paper’s primary author, Nicolas Tcherniguin, manager of offshore business and technology with TechnipFMC, digital tools such as image recognition, machine learning, and simulation of digital twins based on the drone’s flight have been tested. Remaining bottlenecks have been identified, and some have been addressed while others will require additional efforts. AI development will offer additional features, especially if they can be integrated with other ground monitoring devices.
SafeOCS Industry Safety Data Program: An Industrywide Safety Data Management Framework
Authors: Collia Demetra V. , Moreau Roland L.
Published: January 2021

Introduction

In the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the oil and gas industry, regulators, and other stakeholders recognized the need for increased collaboration and data sharing to augment their ability to better identify safety risks and address them before an accident occurs. The SafeOCS program is one such collaboration between industry and government. It is a voluntary confidential reporting program that collects and analyzes data to advance safety in oil and gas operations on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). The US Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) established the program with input from industry and then entered into an agreement with the US Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) to develop, implement, and operate the program. As a principal statistical agency, BTS has considerable data-collection-and-analysis expertise with near-miss reporting systems for other industries and the statutory authority to protect the confidentiality of the reported information and the reporter’s identify. Source data submitted to BTS are not subject to subpoena, legal discovery, or Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests.

Solving for the Gap

Across industries, companies have long realized the benefits of collecting and analyzing data around safety and environmental events to identify risks and take actions to prevent reoccurrence. These activities are aided by industry associations that collect and share event information and develop recommended practices to improve performance. In high-reliability industries such as aviation and nuclear, it is common practice to report and share events among companies and for the regulators to identify hidden trends and create or update existing recommended practices, regulations, or other controls.

The challenge for the offshore oil and gas industry is that industry associations and the regulator are typically limited to collecting data on agency-reportable incidents. With this limitation, other high-learning-value events or observed conditions could go unnoticed as a trend until a major event occurs. This lack of timely data represented an opportunity for the industry and the offshore regulator (BSEE) to collaborate on a means of gathering safety-event data that would allow for analysis and identification of trends, thereby enabling appropriate interventions to prevent major incidents and foster continuous improvement. The SafeOCS Industry Safety Data (ISD) program provides an effective process for capturing these trends by looking across a wider spectrum of events, including those with no consequences.
Technology Focus: Reserves Management (December 2020)
Authors: Pribyl Barbara , Horton Greg
Published: January 2021

“This, too, shall pass.” The exceptional year that has been 2020 highlights the fact that the world can change quickly, and a challenging macroenvironment brings into focus the need to maximize the use of our natural resources and the value that can be derived from them. Even without the black swan event of COVID-19, the industry must critically examine the technical, commercial, and operational bases of the projects it pro-poses and executes. A logical, reasonable, ethical, and philosophical approach is critical to underpin good decision making and value creation.

Paper SPE 196252 delivers a comprehensive discussion of the issues to consider in the management of mature oil fields that are becoming increasingly important as older fields decline and approach abandonment. The discussion makes direct reference to assessing the late-life economic limit within the context of the Petroleum Resources Management System. Mitigations such as infield drilling, workovers, and facility management can extend production, improve the economics of the project, and increase reserves. Other considerations around minimizing the cost and optimal planning in respect to abandonment and decommissioning will be required to ensure environmental safeguards and minimize cost liabilities.

Paper URTeC 198318 considers a timely look back on the delivery of unconventional projects, the failure of many to meet expectations, and likely causation. A disciplined and systematic approach is proposed to mature the project through four stages of success in discovery, deliverability, demonstration, and development. It is important to obtain sufficient information to underpin each decision point and provide confidence in the commercial evaluation. The paper also stresses the importance of clear guidelines and work flows, independent assurance, and thorough post-appraisal of activities and projects to ensure accountability and improve delivery of value.

Paper SPE 196362 describes a philosophical approach to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and provides an extensive review of the topic and projects, supported by a comprehensive reference list. As with the previous paper, a logical, reasoned, and systematic analysis is recom-mended when confirming the technical and commercial viability of EOR. A creative and innovative approach coupled with experience and expertise is critical to success.

2020 will be remembered as a particularly challenging year in many respects, but, as Tom Hanks’ character Chuck Nolan observes in the movie Cast Away, “I gotta keep breathing. Because tomorrow the sun will rise. Who knows what the tide could bring?”

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 199522 A Global Push for Circular Economy Projects by Dawson Lindauere, Repsol, et al.

SPE 201556 Appropriately Characterizing Uncertainty in Estimated Ultimate Recovery for Unconventional Type Wells by Patrick Miller, Petronas, et al.
Management of Reserves in Mature Oil and Gas Fields
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 196252, “Management of Reserves in Mature Oil and Gas Fields,” by Douglas Peacock, SPE, and Andrew Duncan, SPE, Gaffney, Cline, and Associates, prepared for the 2019 SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Bali, Indonesia, 29-31 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

As production of fields declines, revenues will eventually no longer cover costs. As defined by the Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS), the Reserves class of resources is limited by the earliest truncation of either technical, license, or economic limit. If no technical or license restrictions exist, the economic limit, defined as the time when the maximum cumulative net cash flow occurs for a project, defines the date up to which Reserves may be booked. The complete paper outlines some of the challenges involved in late-life field management and how Reserves assessment may be affected.

Extending Field Life

Oil and gas fields can have lives much longer than initially envisioned. Fields may be relinquished or proposed for abandonment when the operator’s perspective does not allow the full potential of the field to be exploited. Organizational barriers, regulatory or commercial issues, capital- or manpower-allocation constraints, technology limitations, cost structures, and other factors may exist that, if resolved, can extend the productive life of a field or production area.

Several classes of activity can be considered to extend field life while maintaining safe and profitable operations. These include the following:

Cost management

Incremental or alternative production

Operational improvements

Fiscal and commercial improvements

Cost Management. A detailed understanding of operating costs, and where and why they are incurred in a production system, allows uneconomic elements of the production system to be abandoned, improving the economics of the remaining system. This can take place at the well level (high-water-cut wells) or the satellite-production-system level by consolidating production streams into a single processing facility. The overall objective is to reduce costs by ceasing uneconomic activities. This approach also may require decommissioning activities to be carried out to remove redundant infrastructure (e.g., wellhead platforms) where the continued existence of these facilities would incur costs to maintain a minimum level of structural integrity and safety. The unit costs of essential activities or services can be reduced by contract renegotiation; furthermore, alternative and lower-cost approaches to deliver the same production service may exist.
How to Make Better Investment Decisions in Unconventional Projects
Authors: Feder Judy
Published: January 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper URTEC 198318, “How Not to Squander Billions on Your Next Unconventional Venture,” by Creties Jenkins, SPE, and Mark McLane, SPE, Rose and Associates, prepared for the 2019 SPE/AAPG/SEG Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 18-19 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

During the past decade, hundreds of unconventional oil and gas projects have failed to deliver the value sought by shareholders. Two common mistakes have been focusing on production attainment instead of value creation, and incorrectly thinking that enough was understood about a given reservoir to proceed with development. Companies must implement a staged approach that exposes capital incrementally in a responsible fashion and an assurance process that provides a framework for conducting and reviewing work so that mistakes may be analyzed to influence future decisions. The complete paper provides a work flow for making better decisions about investing in unconventional projects.

Introduction

In 2019, an analysis of 16,000 unconventional wells operated by 29 of the largest producers in Texas and North Dakota revealed that these companies spent $112 billion more in cash over the past 10 years than they generated from operations. A primary contributor to this shortfall was optimistic production forecasts based on a small number of early wells. These types of projections lead companies to commit to development projects before they understand the true variability in well performance and, most importantly, whether the average well will be commercial (i.e., able to pay for the cost to drill, complete, and tie in). Commercial is defined here as attaining a present value greater than zero at the corporate discount rate. If this is 10%, a net present value (NPV) of zero equates to a 10% rate of return.

The Challenge

More than 50 shale plays across North America have been tested for their production potential. Of these, only a dozen or so (approximately 25%) have been commercially developed. Thus, the first order of business is to focus on the right play in the right basin. But even within a productive basin, operators need to be in the commercial fairway, which is commonly a fraction of the total basin area regardless of play type.

The probability of commercializing a new unconventional play in a frontier basin is low. Although a well can be drilled practically anywhere in the basin and encounter mobile hydrocarbons, this does not reduce the commercial risk relative to conventional plays. Instead, it transfers the risk (threat of fiscal loss) to later stages, in which it must be shown that unconventional wells can produce at sufficient rates, costs can be reduced to make these wells commercially viable, and results are repeatable.
Eutherian comparative genomic analysis protocol
Authors: Premzl Marko
Published: January 2021

The eutherian genomics momentum greatly advanced biological and medical sciences. Yet, future revisions and updates of eutherian genomic sequence data sets were expected, due to potential genomic sequence errors and incompleteness of genomic sequences. The eutherian comparative genomic analysis protocol was established as guidance in protection against potential genomic sequence errors in public eutherian genomic sequence assemblies. The protocol revised, updated and published 14 major eutherian gene data sets, including 2615 complete coding sequences deposited in European Nucleotide Archive as curated third party data gene data sets under accession numbers: FR734011-FR734074, HF564658-HF564785, HF564786-HF564815, HG328835-HG329089, HG426065-HG426183, HG931734-HG931849, LM644135-LM644234, LN874312-LN874522, LT548096-LT548244, LT631550-LT631670, LT962964-LT963174, LT990249-LT990597, LR130242-LR130508 and LR760818-LR761312.
Experiences of women in the COVID-19 context: A phenomenological study
Authors: Raman Janaki , Prabhu Sphoorthi , Rani Akanksha , G.G. Gopika , Antony Sojan , A Thirumoorthy
Published: January 2021

The pandemic COVID-19 has undoubtedly affected every section of the population equally and women are no exception. It will be interesting and beneficial to study the experiences of women in the current COVID-19 situation in the Indian context taking into account the gender differences in role expectations allocation and fulfilment. With this background the current study is proposed. Exploratory research design (Hermeneutic phenomenological approach) will be used. Women residing in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, will be the sample. The sample will be selected from Non-Governmental Organizations working for women in difficult circumstances and from Women’s Associations. The sample size is tentatively decided as 60 which will be reviewed after initial data collection. An interview guide prepared by the research team will be used for data collection. Telephonic interviews will be conducted. Data will be transcribed and analysed. The study has received clearance from institutional ethics committee [NIMHANS/25th IEC (BEH.SC.DIV.)/2020-21].