bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical stimulation plus biofeedback improves urination function, pelvic floor function, and distress after reconstructive surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lv Aiming , Gai Tianzi , Zhang Sichen , Feng Qing , Li Ye
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study is aimed at assessing the effect of postoperative electrical stimulation (ES) plus biofeedback therapy on patient rehabilitation after pelvic floor reconstructive surgery.

Methods

Patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) who had received pelvic floor reconstructive surgery were randomly allocated to the intervention group and the control group at a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the control group received routine postoperative nursing care. Patients in the intervention group underwent ES plus biofeedback therapy. The outcomes included the recovery of urination function, the improvement of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength, and the change of Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory Questionnaire-20 (PFDI-20) scores. The study outcomes were evaluated at pre-intervention (T0, 2 months after surgery), 3 months after surgery (T1), and 6 months after surgery (T2).

Results

A total of 60 patients with POP were included in this study. For the urination function evaluation, the intervention group had a higher recovered rate than the control group at the time point of T2 (p = 0.038). For the EMG results, the changes of flick-max and tonic-mean values from T0 to T2 were much higher in the intervention group comparing to the control group. Corresponding to the EMG results, digital palpation showed that intervention group had a much higher proportion of patients who had elevated PFM strength. Furthermore, the intervention group also had more significant PFDI-20 score improvements compared with control group.

Conclusions

Postoperative ES plus biofeedback therapy could significantly improve urination function, PFM strength, and patient’s reported QoL.

Trial registration

Clinical registration number: hiCTR2000032432.
Acute exposure to simulated nocturnal traffic noise and cardiovascular complications and sleep disturbance—results from a pooled analysis of human field studies
Authors: Hahad Omar , Schmidt Frank P. , Hübner Jonas , Foos Patrick , Al-Kindi Sadeer , Schmitt Volker H. , Hobohm Lukas , Keller Karsten , Große-Dresselhaus Christina , Schmeißer Julian , Koppe-Schmeißer Franziska , Vosseler Markus , Gilan Donya , Schulz Andreas , Chalabi Julian , Wild Philipp S. , Daiber Andreas , Herzog Johannes , Münzel Thomas
Published: September 2023

Objectives

A series of human field studies demonstrated that acute exposure to simulated nocturnal traffic noise is associated with cardiovascular complications and sleep disturbance, including endothelial dysfunction, increased blood pressure, and impaired sleep quality. A pooled analysis of these results remains to be established and is of tremendous interest to consolidate scientific knowledge.

Methods

We analyzed data from four randomized crossover studies (published between 2013 to 2021 and conducted at the University Medical Center Mainz, Germany). A total of 275 subjects (40.4% women, mean age 43.03 years) were each exposed to one control scenario (regular background noise) and at least to one traffic noise scenario (60 aircraft or train noise events) in their homes during nighttime. After each night, the subjects visited the study center for comprehensive cardiovascular function assessment, including the measurement of endothelial function and hemodynamic and biochemical parameters, as well as sleep-related variables.

Results

The pooled analysis revealed a significantly impaired endothelial function when comparing the two different noise sequences (0–60 vs. 60–0 simulated noise events, mean difference in flow-mediated dilation −2.00%, 95% CI −2.32; −1.68, p < 0.0001). In concordance, mean arterial pressure was significantly increased after traffic noise exposure (mean difference 2.50 mmHg, 95% CI 0.54; 4.45, p = 0.013). Self-reported sleep quality, the restfulness of sleep, and feeling in the morning were significantly impaired after traffic noise exposure (all p < 0.0001).

Discussion

Acute exposure to simulated nocturnal traffic noise is associated with endothelial dysfunction, increased mean arterial pressure, and sleep disturbance.
Projective lag quasi-synchronization of coupled systems with mixed delays and parameter mismatch: a unified theory
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Heiland Jan , Benner Peter
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates the projective lag quasi-synchronization by feedback control of a coupled dynamical system with delays and parameter mismatches on arbitrary time domains. Being formulated on time scales, our results are valid simultaneously for continuous- and discrete-time models as well as for any non-standard time domain. Furthermore, the controller design respects the structure of the equations so that we can characterize the stabilization by a limited controller action. Our proofs rely on the unified matrix-measure theory and the generalized Halanay inequality on time scales. We validate our theoretical results with several simulation examples on various time domains.
Solid-State $$\mathrm {^3He}$$ NMR of the Superconducting Rubidium Endofulleride $$\mathrm {Rb_3(^3He@C_{60})}$$
Authors: Soundararajan Murari , Bacanu George R. , Giustiniano Francesco , Walkey Mark C. , Hoffman Gabriela , Carravetta Marina , Lees Martin R. , Whitby Richard J. , Levitt Malcolm H.
Published: September 2023

A new variant of the superconducting fulleride Rb$$_3$$

3

C$$_{60}$$

60

is presented, with $$^3$$

3

He atoms encapsulated in the C$$_{60}$$

60

cages. The $$^3$$

3

He nuclei act as sensitive NMR probes embedded in the material. The superconducting and normal states are characterized by $$^3$$

3

He NMR. Evidence is found for coexisting vortex liquid and vortex solid phases below the superconducting transition temperature. A strong dependence of the spin–lattice relaxation time constant on spectral frequency is observed in the superconducting state, as revealed by two-dimensional NMR utilizing an inverse Laplace transform. Surprisingly, this phenomenon persists, in attenuated form, at temperatures well above the superconducting transition.
Quantifying Liquid-Solid Mass Transfer in a Trickle Bed Using $${T}_{2}-{T}_{2}$$ Relaxation Exchange NMR
Authors: Elgersma Scott V. , Zheng Qingyuan , Avrantinis Nikolaos , Sederman Andrew J. , Mantle Michael D. , Gladden Lynn F.
Published: September 2023

Measurement of the liquid-solid mass transfer coefficient within a trickle bed (i.e. gas-liquid flow within a packed bed) of porous silica pellets is achieved through the use of $${T}_{2}-{T}_{2}$$

T
2

-

T
2

relaxation exchange nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Compared to many conventional measurement techniques, the NMR method enables measurement of mass transport using pellets of real commercial interest. Mass transfer coefficients measured using the NMR technique over a range of liquid Reynolds number, 0.2 $$\le R{e}_{\mathrm{L}}\le $$

≤
R

e
L

≤

1.4, are compared to a number of literature correlations, with values measured using the NMR method falling within the range predicted by the correlations. The results demonstrate the importance of considering both the flow conditions and the type of pellets used to develop mass transport correlations in trickle beds. This novel NMR application may be utilized in the future to screen catalyst pellets in trickle beds for optimal mass transport properties.
Assessing the remaining carbon budget through the lens of policy-driven acidification and temperature targets
Authors: Avrutin Sandy , Goodwin Philip , Ezard Thomas H. G.
Published: September 2023

Basing a remaining carbon budget on warming targets is subject to uncertainty due to uncertainty in the relationship between carbon emissions and warming. Framing emissions targets using a warming target therefore may not prevent dangerous change throughout the entire Earth system. Here, we use a climate emulator to constrain a remaining carbon budget that is more representative of the entire Earth system by using a combination of both warming and ocean acidification targets. The warming targets considered are the Paris Agreement targets of 1.5 and 2 °C; the acidification targets are −0.17 and −0.21 pH units, informed by aragonite saturation states where coral growth begins to be compromised. The aim of the dual targets is to prevent not only damage associated with warming, but damage to corals associated with atmospheric carbon and ocean acidification. We find that considering acidification targets in conjunction with warming targets narrows the uncertainty in the remaining carbon budget, especially in situations where the acidification target is more stringent than, or of similar stringency to, the warming target. Considering a strict combination of the two more stringent targets (both targets of 1.5 °C warming and −0.17 acidification must be met), the carbon budget ranges from −74.0 to 129.8PgC. This reduces uncertainty in the carbon budget from by 29% (from 286.2PgC to 203.8PgC). This reduction comes from reducing the high-end estimate of the remaining carbon budget derived from just a warming target. Assuming an emissions rate held constant since 2021 (which is a conservative assumption), the budget towards both targets was either spent by 2019 or will be spent by 2026.

Plain language summary

The relationship between atmospheric CO2 and warming is uncertain, which means that we do not know precisely how much carbon we have left to emit until we reach the Paris Agreement warming targets of 1.5 and 2 °C. However, the relationship between atmospheric CO2 and ocean acidification is better understood, so by considering targets for acidification rather than warming alone, we can narrow down our estimate of how much emitted carbon is acceptable. Including acidification targets as well as warming targets means that we can directly address the issue of ocean acidification, which poses a threat to corals and the ecosystems reliant on them. By considering acidification and warming targets together, we can lower uncertainty in acceptable carbon emissions by 29%.
What is a heat(wave)? An interdisciplinary perspective
Authors: Boni Zofia , Bieńkowska Zofia , Chwałczyk Franciszek , Jancewicz Barbara , Marginean Iulia , Serrano Paloma Yáñez
Published: September 2023

Excessive summer heat is becoming people’s daily reality creating an urgency to understand heatwaves and their consequences better. This article suggests an interdisciplinary analytical framework of heat(waves) as multiple objects. It brings together data and perspectives from social anthropology, sociology, climate science, epidemiology, and meteorology to map the gaps in knowledge about heat(waves) and their impacts on one of the most vulnerable groups: older adults. Based on research in Poland and Spain, we look at heat(waves) as simultaneously individual experiences, biophysical changes, and socio-political phenomena. Climatologists and meteorologists define heat(waves) as prolonged episodes of abnormally high temperatures. Epidemiologists perceive heat(waves) through raising morbidity and mortality rates. For policymakers, they are an emergency defined by duration and temperature thresholds. Older adults living in Warsaw and Madrid recognize a heat(wave) when they feel it in their bodies, when they cannot sleep, or when they need to change their daily routines. Such differently situated scientific definitions and embodied knowledge stem not only from varied epistemological perspectives but demonstrate that heat(waves) are ontologically different. By looking at convergences and divergences between these perspectives, we see that the length of heat(waves) varies and that older adults often experience longer periods of excessive heat than climate measurements or policy alerts indicate; that the impact of nighttime temperatures is more important than daily temperatures; and that there is a discrepancy between heat(waves) as anomalies and as increasingly common events. The article addresses an important gap between biophysical definitions of heatwaves and the experiences of the most vulnerable groups.
Framed cohomological Hall algebras and cohomological stable envelopes
Authors: Botta Tommaso Maria
Published: September 2023

There are multiple conjectures relating the cohomological Hall algebras (CoHAs) of certain substacks of the moduli stack of representations of a quiver Q to the Yangian $$Y^{Q}_\textrm{MO}$$

Y
MO
Q

by Maulik–Okounkov, whose construction is based on the notion of stable envelopes of Nakajima varieties. In this article, we introduce the cohomological Hall algebra of the moduli stack of framed representations of a quiver Q (framed CoHA), and we show that the equivariant cohomology of the disjoint union of the Nakajima varieties $${\mathcal {M}}_Q(\text {v},\text {w})$$

M
Q

(
v
,
w
)

for all dimension vectors $$\text {v}$$
v
and framing vectors $$\text {w}$$
w
has a canonical structure of subalgebra of the framed CoHA. Restricted to this subalgebra, the algebra multiplication is identified with the stable envelope map. As a corollary, we deduce an explicit inductive formula to compute stable envelopes in terms of tautological classes.
Candidate genes controlling alkaline-saline tolerance in two different growing stages of wheat life cycle
Authors: Mourad Amira M. I. , Farghly Khaled A. , Börner Andreas , Moursi Yasser S.
Published: September 2023

Background

Alkaline-saline (AS) stress threats crop development and productivity. Understanding the genetic control of AS tolerance in wheat is important to produce wheat cultivars that outstand such a severe stress condition.

Methods

A set of 48 cultivars were tested under controlled and AS stress conditions at seedling and maturity stages. The effect of AS on seedlings and kernel traits was measured to select tolerant and high-yielding genotypes. Single-marker-analysis (SMA) and gene enrichment were conducted to understand the genetic control of AS tolerance in both growth stages.

Results

AS stress decreased all kernel traits and most of the seedling traits. High correlations were found between the studied traits in each growth stage. The correlation between the traits related to both stages was non-significant. SMA identified a total of 292 and 52 markers significantly associated with the studied traits under controlled and AS stress conditions. Seven and 20 gene models were identified to control AS tolerance in each stage. Gene enrichment analysis identified one and six networks that control AS tolerance. Four genotypes were selected as superior genotypes.

Conclusion

The genetic control of the studied traits differs under control and AS conditions. Two genetic systems control AS tolerance in each growth stage. This study is the first one that unlocked the genetic control of AS tolerance in seedling and mature growth stages and identified the biological process that lead to this tolerance. Four genotypes were selected for crossing in future breeding programs to improve AS tolerance in spring wheat.
Efficient continuous kNN join over dynamic high-dimensional data
Authors: Ukey Nimish , Zhang Guangjian , Yang Zhengyi , Li Binghao , Li Wei , Zhang Wenjie
Published: September 2023

Given a user dataset$$\varvec{U}$$Uand an object dataset$$\varvec{I}$$I, a kNN join query in high-dimensional space returns the$$\varvec{k}$$knearest neighbors of each object in dataset$$\varvec{U}$$Ufrom the object dataset$$\varvec{I}$$I. The kNN join is a basic and necessary operation in many applications, such as databases, data mining, computer vision, multi-media, machine learning, recommendation systems, and many more. In the real world, datasets frequently update dynamically as objects are added or removed. In this paper, we propose novel methods of continuous kNN join over dynamic high-dimensional data. We firstly propose the HDR$$^+$$+Tree, which supports more efficient insertion, deletion, and batch update. Further observed that the existing methods rely on globally correlated datasets for effective dimensionality reduction, we then propose the HDR Forest. It clusters the dataset and constructs multiple HDR Trees to capture local correlations among the data. As a result, our HDR Forest is able to process non-globally correlated datasets efficiently. Two novel optimisations are applied to the proposed HDR Forest, including the precomputation of the PCA states of data items and pruning-based kNN recomputation during item deletion. For the completeness of the work, we also present the proof of computing distances in reduced dimensions of PCA in HDR Tree. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets show that the proposed methods and optimisations outperform the baseline algorithms of naive RkNN join and HDR Tree.
Novel Synthesis of SiC-SiO2 Nanotubes from Cinachyrella sp. and Its Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of Low Carbon Steel in 3.5% NaCl Water Solution
Authors: Barghout Nehal , Kashyout Abd El-Hady B. , Ibrahim Magdy A. M. , El Nemr Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Coat synthesis of silicon carbide and composites of Si derivatives is a challenge for high-quality thin film applications, including corrosion resistance industries. A novel fabrication process of silicon carbide-silicon dioxide nanotube composites (SCDNTs) was developed by a solid reaction of silicon-carbon (marine sponge Cinachyrella sp.) resources. Trimetallic catalyst (Fe/Ni/Zr) supported on different Al2O3 media with heating in an argon flow was used to prepare SCDNTs composite. A higher crystallinity degree of the nanocomposites is attained at a heating temperature of 1200 °C as a suitable starting temperature to have a reasonable degree of crystallinity. XRD analysis of the prepared composite showed the presence of polycrystalline silicon dioxide and two phases of silicon carbide; 3C-SiC and 6H-SiC. TEM analysis showed the presence of silicon carbide's cubic and hexagonal structures embedded into silicon dioxide nanotubes. FTIR analysis confirmed the XRD and TEM analyses through the presence of the functional groups related to Si-Si, Si-O and Si-C. The SCDNTs spin coating process on LWS was optimized at 1000 rpm. Varying thin coatings of up to 5 layers of SCDNTs were prepared low steel substrate to evaluate its corrosion behavior in a 3.5% NaCl solution. Five-layer SCDNTs composite coating on LCS was the favorable coating as obtained from the electrochemical measurements ensured a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 92.5% and corrosion rate of 63.98 mm/y. XRD spectra and stereomicroscope were used to evaluate the surface of LWS coated with SCDNTs before and after corrosion test.

Graphical Abstract
A Solution to the Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Transducer Placement Conundrum in Neurointensive Care? The Dual Transducer
Authors: Mikkonen Era , Blixt Jonas , Ercole Ari , Alpkvist Peter , Sköldbring Robert , Bellander Bo-Michael , Weitzberg Eddie , Nelson David W.
Published: September 2023

Intracranial pressure is routinely monitored in most intensive care units caring for patients with severe neurological insults and, together with continuous arterial blood pressure measurement, allows for monitoring of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). CPP is the driving pressure of blood flow to the brain and is used to guide therapy. However, there is considerable inconsistency in the literature regarding how CPP is technically measured and, more specifically, the appropriate placement of the arterial pressure transducer. Depending on patient positioning and where the arterial pressure transducer is placed, the mean arterial pressure used for CPP calculation can vary widely by up to 15 mm Hg, which is greater than the acceptable variation in target ranges used clinically. Physiologically, the arterial pressure transducer should be placed at the level of the foramen of Monro for CPP measurement, but it is commonly set at the level of the right atrium for systematic measurement. Mean arterial pressure measurement at the level of the right atrium can lead to overestimation and potentially critically low actual CPP levels when the head is elevated, and measurement at the level of the foramen of Monro will underestimate systemic pressures, increasing the risk of excessive and unnecessary use of vasopressors and fluid. At the Karolinska University Hospital neurointensive care unit, we have used a split dual-transducer system, measuring arterial pressure both at the level of the foramen of Monro and at the level of the right atrium from a single arterial source. In doing so, we work with constants and can monitor and target optimum arterial pressures to better secure perfusion to all organs, with potentially less risk of cerebral ischemia or overuse of vasopressors and fluids, which may affect outcome.
Enhancing European Management of Analgesia, Sedation, and Delirium: A Multinational, Prospective, Interventional Before-After Trial
Authors: Paul Nicolas , Grunow Julius J. , Rosenthal Max , Spies Claudia D. , Page Valerie J. , Hanison James , Patel Brijesh , Rosenberg Alex , von Haken Rebecca , Pietsch Urs , Schrag Claudia , Waydhas Christian , Schellongowski Peter , Lobmeyr Elisabeth , Sander Michael , Piper Sophie K. , Conway Daniel , Totzeck Andreas , Weiss Björn
Published: September 2023

Background

The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of a structured educational intervention on the implementation of guideline-recommended pain, agitation, and delirium (PAD) assessment.

Methods

This was a prospective, multinational, interventional before-after trial conducted at 12 intensive care units from 10 centers in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and the UK. Intensive care units underwent a 6-week structured educational program, comprising online lectures, instructional videos, educational handouts, and bedside teaching. Patient-level PAD assessment data were collected in three 1-day point-prevalence assessments before (T1), 6 weeks after (T2), and 1 year after (T3) the educational program.

Results

A total of 430 patients were included. The rate of patients who received all three PAD assessments changed from 55% (107/195) at T1 to 53% (68/129) at T2, but increased to 73% (77/106) at T3 (p = 0.003). The delirium screening rate increased from 64% (124/195) at T1 to 65% (84/129) at T2 and 77% (82/106) at T3 (p = 0.041). The pain assessment rate increased from 87% (170/195) at T1 to 92% (119/129) at T2 and 98% (104/106) at T3 (p = 0.005). The rate of sedation assessment showed no signficiant change. The proportion of patients who received nonpharmacological delirium prevention measures increased from 58% (114/195) at T1 to 80% (103/129) at T2 and 91% (96/106) at T3 (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression revealed that at T3, patients were more likely to receive a delirium assessment (odds ratio [OR] 2.138, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.206–3.790; p = 0.009), sedation assessment (OR 4.131, 95% CI 1.372–12.438; p = 0.012), or all three PAD assessments (OR 2.295, 95% CI 1.349–3.903; p = 0.002) compared with T1.

Conclusions

In routine care, many patients were not assessed for PAD. Assessment rates increased significantly 1 year after the intervention.

Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03553719.
TGN-020 Alleviate Inflammation and Apoptosis After Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Mice Through Glymphatic and ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Xie Zhuoxi , Zhou Qian , Tan Xiaoli , Meng Weiting , Pang Yeyu , Huang Lizhen , Ding Zhihao , Hu Yuanhong , Li Ruhua , Huang Guilan , Li Hao
Published: September 2023

Post-stroke acute inhibition of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is known to exacerbate inflammation and apoptosis, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the specific mechanism of inflammation and apoptosis following cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury using the AQP4-specific inhibitor, N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) pyridine-3-carboxamide dihydrochloride (TGN-020). Ischemic stroke was induced in mice using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. The C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into three groups as follows: sham operation, I/R 48 h, and TGN-020 + I/R 48 h treatment. All mice were subjected to a series of procedures. These procedures encompassed 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, neurological scoring, fluorescence tracing, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The glymphatic function in the cortex surrounding cerebral infarction was determined using tracer, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), AQP4 co-staining, and beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) staining; differential genes were detected using RNA-seq. The influence of TGN-020 on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) 1/2 pathway was confirmed using the ERK1/2 pathway agonists Ro 67–7467. Additionally, we examined the expression of inflammation associated with microglia and astrocytes after TGN-020 and Ro 67–7467 treatment. Compared with I/R group, TGN-020 alleviated glymphatic dysfunction by inhibiting astrocyte proliferation and reducing tracer accumulation in the peri-infarct area. RNA-seq showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the activation of astrocytes and microglia and in the ERK1/2 pathway. Western blot and immunofluorescence further verified the expression of associated inflammation. The inflammation and cell apoptosis induced by I/R are mitigated by TGN-020. This mitigation occurs through the improvement of glymphatic function and the inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway.
Exploring the news media-dark personality nexus: Linking television news consumption, the Dark Triad, and perceived refugee threat
Authors: De Coninck David , Swinnen Manou
Published: September 2023

We examine the intricate relationship between media usage, personality traits, and perceived threat towards refugees. Using a diverse sample from six European countries (N = 9,085), we explore the moderating impact of Dark Triad traits on television news consumption. Our findings align with prior studies, indicating that public television news consumption is associated with lower perceived threat, while commercial news consumption shows the opposite pattern. These results likely stem from the divergent framing of migration in the media: public outlets emphasize compassion and integration, while commercial outlets lean towards sensationalism and fear-inducing narratives. Additionally, our study uncovers intriguing insights into the Dark Triad traits. While psychopathy is linked to heightened perceived threat, Machiavellianism and narcissism exhibit a negative association. Surprisingly, the positive relationship between commercial news consumption and perceived threat weakens among individuals high in Machiavellianism. These individuals, driven by self-interest and strategic thinking, may view refugees as potential resources rather than threats. Notably, we find no moderation effect of Dark Triad traits on public service news consumption. This suggests that sensationalized content resonates more with individuals high in these traits, while public service news, focusing on diverse perspectives, has a weaker impact on threat perceptions.
Production of laccase enzyme from Curvularia lunata MY3: purification and characterization
Authors: Hamed Ahmed A. , Abd-Elaziz Ahmed M. , Ghanem Manal M. E. , ElAwady Mohamed E. , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed S.
Published: September 2023

Laccase-producing fungus (MY3) was successfully isolated from soil samples collected from Mansoura Governorate, Egypt. This fungal isolate has shown a high laccase production level over other isolated fungi. The identity of this isolate was determined by the molecular technique 18SrRNA as Curvularia lunata MY3. The enzyme purification was performed using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by Sephacryl S-200 and DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. The denatured enzyme using SDS-PAGE had a molar mass of 65 kDa. The purified laccase had an optimum temperature at 40 °C for enzyme activity with 57.3 kJ/mol activation energy for 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) oxidation. The enzyme had an optimum pH of 5.0, and it has shown a high stability at the acidic range (4.5 to 5.5). Mn2+ and Mg2+ ions enhanced the enzyme activity, while most of the enzyme activity was inhibited by Hg2+. Some compounds such as 2-mercaptoethanol, L-cysteine, and sodium azide at a concentration of 10 mmol/L had shown a high suppression effect on the enzyme activity. The enzyme strongly oxidized ABTS and syringaldazine and moderately oxidized DMP and guaiacol. The antimicrobial activity of the purified enzyme towards three pathogenic strains (Escherichia coli ATCC-25922, Staphylococcus aureus NRRLB-767, and Candida albicans ATCC-10231) was evaluated for the potential use as an antimicrobial therapeutic enzyme.
Perceptions of Assistive Robots at Work: An Experimental Approach to Social Influence
Authors: Latikka Rita , Savela Nina , Oksanen Atte
Published: September 2023

In this study, we examined human reactions to other people’s experiences of using assistive robots at work. An online vignette experiment was conducted among respondents from the United States (N = 1059). In the experiment, participants read a written scenario in which another person had started using assistive robots to help with a daily work-related task. The experiment manipulated the closeness of the messenger (familiar versus unfamiliar colleague) and message orientation (positive versus negative). Finding out positive user experiences of a familiar or unfamiliar colleague increased positive attitude toward assistive robots, perceived robot usefulness, and perceived robot use self-efficacy. Furthermore, those who reported higher perceived robot suitability to one’s occupational field and openness to experiences reported more positive attitude toward assistive robots, higher perceived robot usefulness, and perceived robot use self-efficacy. The results suggest that finding out other people’s positive user experiences has a positive effect on perceptions of using assistive robots to help with a daily work-related task. Perceptions of assistive robots at work are also associated with individual and contextual factors such as openness to experiences and perceived robot suitability to one’s occupational field. This is one of the first studies to experimentally investigate the role of social influence in the perceptions of assistive robots at work.
Wetting Transition of Liquid Tin on the Surfaces of Initially Oxidized Steels
Authors: Aldawoudi K. , Varanasi D. , Baumli P. , Kaptay G.
Published: September 2023

Experiments were carried out to investigate the wetting behaviour of liquid tin on two different steel substrates EN1.4301 stainless steel and 42CrMo4 low-alloyed steel. The experiments were carried out in a vacuum furnace at residual pressure (10−8 bar) with the temperature raised till 1233 K (960 °C). The transition of the liquid tin droplet from a non-wetting to a wetting state was achieved on the surface of both steels after the spontaneous oxide removal. The transition temperatures in the Sn/EN1.4301 and Sn/42CrMo4 systems were nearly identical, 1140 K and 1130 K, respectively. SEM images showed the formation of the Fe–Sn intermetallic compounds at the Sn/steel interfaces above the transition temperature. Tin penetration into the grain boundaries of EN1.4301 and 42CrMo4 steels was also observed.

Graphical abstract
A novel in silico Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum patients
Authors: Lim Beop-Yong , Ryu Dongman , I Hoseok , Lee Chiseung
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to suggest a novel in silico Nuss procedure that can predict the results of chest wall deformity correction. Three-dimensional (3D) geometric and finite element model of the chest wall were built from the 15-year-old male adolescent patient’s computed tomography (CT) image with pectus excavatum of the mild deformity. A simulation of anterior translating the metal bar (T) and a simulation of maintaining equilibrium after 180-degree rotation (RE) were performed respectively. A RE simulation using the chest wall finite element model with intercostal muscles (REM) was also performed. Finally, the quantitative results of each in silico Nuss procedure were compared with those of postoperative patient. Furthermore, various mechanical indicators were compared between simulations. This confirmed that the REM simulation results were most similar to the actual patient’s results. Through two clinical indicators that can be compared with postoperative patient and mechanical indicators, the authors consider that the REM of silico Nuss procedure proposed in this study is best simulated the actual surgery.
Effectiveness of data augmentation to predict students at risk using deep learning algorithms
Authors: Fahd Kiran , Miah Shah J.
Published: September 2023

The academic intervention to predict at-risk higher education (HE) students requires effective data model development. Such data modelling projects in the HE context may have common issues related to (a) adopting small-scale modelling that gives limited options for early intervention and (b) using imbalanced data that hinders capturing effective details of poorly performing students. We address the issues going beyond the distribution-based algorithm, using a multilayer perceptron classifier which shows better on confusion metric, recall, and precision measures for identifying at-risk students. Our proposed deep learning-based model, which uses data augmentation techniques to supplement the data instances and balance the dataset, aims to improve the prediction accuracy of whether the student will fail or not based on their interaction with the learning management systems to prevent struggling students from evasion.
Assessment of Building Physical Vulnerability in Earthquake-Debris Flow Disaster Chain
Authors: Zheng Hao , Deng Zhifei , Guo Lanlan , Liu Jifu , Liu Lianyou , Li Tiewei , Zheng Huan , Zheng Tao
Published: September 2023

Large earthquakes not only directly damage buildings but also trigger debris flows, which cause secondary damage to buildings, forming a more destructive earthquake-debris flow disaster chain. A quantitative assessment of building vulnerability is essential for damage assessment after a disaster and for pre-disaster prevention. Using mechanical analysis based on pushover, a physical vulnerability assessment model of buildings in the earthquake-debris flow disaster chain is proposed to assess the vulnerability of buildings in Beichuan County, China. Based on the specific sequence of events in the earthquake-debris flow disaster chain, the seismic vulnerability of buildings is 79%, the flow impact and burial vulnerabilities of damaged buildings to debris flow are 92% and 28% respectively, and the holistic vulnerability of buildings under the disaster chain is 57%. By comparing different vulnerability assessment methods, we observed that the physical vulnerability of buildings under the disaster chain process is not equal to the statistical summation of the vulnerabilities to independent hazards, which implies that the structural properties and vulnerability of buildings have changed during the disaster chain process. Our results provide an integrated explanation of building vulnerability, which is essential for understanding building vulnerability in earthquake-debris flow disaster chain and building vulnerability under other disaster chains.
Surfaces in Non-flat 3-Space Forms Satisfying $$\square \vec {\textbf{H}}=\lambda \vec {\textbf{H}}$$
Authors: Alías Luis J. , García-Martínez S. Carolina , Ramírez-Ospina H. Fabián
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we locally classify the surfaces immersed into the non-flat (Riemannian or Lorentzian) 3-space forms satisfying the condition $$\Box \vec {\textbf{H}}=\lambda \vec {\textbf{H}}$$

□

H
→

=
λ

H
→

for a real number $$\lambda $$
λ
, where $$\vec {\textbf{H}}$$

H
→

is the mean curvature vector field and $$\Box $$
□
denotes the Cheng–Yau operator of the surface. We obtain the classification result by proving, at a first step, that the mean curvature function must be constant and, in a second step, we complete the classification.
Vitamin D: Ein historischer Bogen von der Rachitisprophylaxe bis zum Hochdosis-Hype
Authors: Zittermann Armin
Published: September 2023

Seit nunmehr 100 Jahren ist die Vitamin-D-Prophylaxe zur Ausmerzung der früher in Europa bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern endemisch aufgetretenen Rachitis eine Erfolgsgeschichte. In den letzten drei Jahrzehnten kam es dann aber beim Vitamin D zu einem regelrechten Hype, nachdem Daten zu potenziellen Effekten, die über die Wirkungen am Knochen hinausgehen, erkannt wurden. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen Hype in dreifacher Hinsicht, und zwar um einen Publikations-Hype in Wissenschaft und Medien, einen Mess-Hype im medizinischen Bereich sowie einen Supplementierungs-Hype bei Patienten und in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Während nichtklassische Vitamin-D-Wirkungen im multifaktoriellen Geschehen mancher Erkrankungen tatsächlich eine Rolle zu spielen scheinen, werden die aus Beobachtungsstudien abgeleiteten hohen Zielwerte für Vitamin-D-Blutspiegel sowie daraus resultierende hohe Dosierungsempfehlungen von vielen offiziellen Stellen als nicht notwendig und sogar schädlich angesehen, da nicht selten als sicher angesehene Zufuhrmengen überschritten werden. Im Analytikbereich wird derzeit versucht, neue, allerdings noch nicht ausgereifte Parameter wie das freie, nicht-proteingebundene 25-Hydroxyvitamin D sowie das 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D im Blut zur Bestimmung der Versorgungslage heranzuziehen. Als Fazit bleibt festzuhalten, dass eine niedrigdosierte tägliche Vitamin-D-Zufuhr ausreichend ist, um auch bei Risikogruppen in Bezug auf einen Vitamin-D-Mangel eine adäquate Versorgung sicherzustellen. Blutanalysen sind bei entsprechender Anamnese in der Regel nicht notwendig.
Efficient Iterative Arbitrary High-Order Methods: an Adaptive Bridge Between Low and High Order
Authors: Micalizzi Lorenzo , Torlo Davide , Boscheri Walter
Published: September 2023

We propose a new paradigm for designing efficient p-adaptive arbitrary high-order methods. We consider arbitrary high-order iterative schemes that gain one order of accuracy at each iteration and we modify them to match the accuracy achieved in a specific iteration with the discretization accuracy of the same iteration. Apart from the computational advantage, the newly modified methods allow to naturally perform the p-adaptivity, stopping the iterations when appropriate conditions are met. Moreover, the modification is very easy to be included in an existing implementation of an arbitrary high-order iterative scheme and it does not ruin the possibility of parallelization, if this was achievable by the original method. An application to the Arbitrary DERivative (ADER) method for hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is presented here. We explain how such a framework can be interpreted as an arbitrary high-order iterative scheme, by recasting it as a Deferred Correction (DeC) method, and how to easily modify it to obtain a more efficient formulation, in which a local a posteriori limiter can be naturally integrated leading to the p-adaptivity and structure-preserving properties. Finally, the novel approach is extensively tested against classical benchmarks for compressible gas dynamics to show the robustness and the computational efficiency.
Challenges for district heating in Poland
Authors: Talarek Karolina , Knitter-Piątkowska Anna , Garbowski Tomasz
Published: September 2023

Currently, the district heating (DH) in Poland is facing many challenges. The business model used hitherto was very simple—in most cities, heating plants produced heat, and centralized heating systems supplied the "product" at a price approved annually by the president of the Energy Regulatory Office (URE). However, recent years have brought significant changes on the market. EU regulations force the elimination of old coal-fired plants that were still built in the Polish People's Republic (PRL), moreover, high prices of CO2 emission allowances aggravate the financial situation of companies. In addition, in the heating sector, the trend observed in the power sector is becoming increasingly visible—limiting the role of large sources in favor of energy generated locally, closer to the customer. One of the biggest challenges is achieving the targets set by the EU for the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the heating sector. The present conflicts and problems with the supply of coal and gas are an additional impulse to turn to RES. Thus, the development of sustainable and innovative solutions for energy production and supply at the level of urban networks is currently one of the main technical challenges. The purpose of the paper is to present the current situation and perspectives of development of district heating systems in Poland with a view to the status of district heating in the world, and some deeper insight into European conditions. The review presents energy sources with particular emphasis on renewable energy sources (RES) and their cogeneration for heat production. The examples of existing heating network solutions using renewable energy sources, based on the selected published case studies, are also discussed.
Applications and Techniques of Machine Learning in Cancer Classification: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yaqoob Abrar , Musheer Aziz Rabia , verma Navneet Kumar
Published: September 2023

The domain of Machine learning has experienced Substantial advancement and development. Recently, showcasing a Broad spectrum of uses like Computational linguistics, image identification, and autonomous systems. With the increasing demand for intelligent systems, it has become crucial to comprehend the different categories of machine acquiring knowledge systems along with their applications in the present world. This paper presents actual use cases of machine learning, including cancer classification, and how machine learning algorithms have been implemented on medical data to categorize diverse forms of cancer and anticipate their outcomes. The paper also discusses supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, highlighting the benefits and disadvantages of each category of Computational intelligence system. The conclusions of this systematic study on machine learning methods and applications in cancer classification have numerous implications. The main lesson is that through accurate classification of cancer kinds, patient outcome prediction, and identification of possible therapeutic targets, machine learning holds enormous potential for improving cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review offers readers with a broad understanding as of the present advancements in machine learning applied to cancer classification today, empowering them to decide for themselves whether to use these methods in clinical settings. Lastly, the paper wraps up by engaging in a discussion on the future of machine learning, including the potential for new types of systems to be developed as the field advances. Overall, the information included in this survey article is useful for scholars, practitioners, and individuals interested in gaining knowledge about the fundamentals of machine learning and its various applications in different areas of activities.
Value-added recycling of sludge and sludge ash into low-carbon construction materials: current status and perspectives
Authors: Xia Yan , Liu Yue , Wang Lei , Song Zhenhao , Sun Chen , Zhao Yading , Lu Shengyong , Yan Jianhua
Published: September 2023

Sludge as the by-product of wastewater treatment usually accumulates toxic substances that require specific treatment before disposal. With the increase of sludge production, the safe and economic treatment of sludge has become a global issue. Construction filed provides a solution for consuming huge volumes of sludge and sludge ash owing to the similar chemical composition with cementitious materials. This paper critically reviewed the current status of recycling sludge and sludge ash into low-carbon construction materials and highlighted the future perspectives of sludge-derived construction materials. Furthermore, the immobilization mechanisms of heavy metals in sludge-derived construction materials were elaborated to promote the actualization of sustainable management of sludge and sludge ash.

Graphical Abstract
“Kind regards”: negotiating connection to Country and place through collective storying
Authors: Somerville Wendy , McKenzie Vahri , Fuller Lisa , Godden Naomi Joy , Harrison Ashley , Isaacs-Guthridge Renae , Turner Bethaney
Published: September 2023

Within this paper we explore the process and outcomes of a year-long exchange that investigates how active learning can emerge through collective place-based storying. Beginning with Country as our guide, we shared, responded, yarned, listened and revisited one another’s contributions. Using the “threads” of an extended email exchange and online yarning sessions, we wove together this collaborative work to present findings generated from the creative practice of storying and sharing knowledge. This work required ongoing openness to vulnerability; we resisted the urge to remain silent and risked being wrong. Our responses, and the writing styles reflecting them, incorporate both academic and creative approaches. As we negotiated connection to Country and place through collective storying, six key themes emerged: Country and personal sites of significance, honouring children and childhood, relationality, the significance of sensory engagement, the significance of vulnerability, and acknowledging Earth violence. This collaborative paper explores a practical approach, grounded in kindness, to negotiating connections to Country and place. We reflect on how we carefully nurtured the conditions that enabled the work to occur, sharing our experiences to help guide others navigating their own collective research practices.
When Are Norms Prescriptive? Understanding and Clarifying the Role of Norms in Behavioral Ethics Research
Authors: Scharding Tobey K. , Warren Danielle E.
Published: September 2023

Research on ethical norms has grown in recent years, but imprecise language has made it unclear when these norms prescribe “what ought to be” and when they merely describe behaviors or perceptions (“what is”). Studies of ethical norms, moreover, tend not to investigate whether participants were influenced by the prescriptive aspect of the norm; the studies primarily demonstrate, rather, that people will mimic the behaviors or perceptions of others, which provides evidence for the already well-substantiated social proof theory. In this review article, we delineate three streams of norms research in business ethics: behavioral, perceptual, and prescriptive. We argue that by properly categorizing norms, and designing studies to investigate when prescriptions, more than mere mimicry, improve ethical outcomes in organizations, researchers can enhance managers’ efforts to promote ethical outcomes in organizations.
Responsibility Skeptics Should Be More Skeptical
Authors: Vaidyanathan Aarthy
Published: September 2023

Menges (2022) seeks to identify the kind of blame that should be at issue in debates between skeptics and anti-skeptics about responsibility. Menges argues that such blame is constituted by responses that the target has a claim against, and by the blamer’s thought that they have forfeited this claim due to their bad action and state while engaged in that action. I identify a class of blame responses that Menges mistakenly excludes and offer an alternative, more general, account in which the distinctive feature of controversial blame isn’t claim forfeiture, but the defeat of reasons grounded in the target’s interests.