bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smile as Feedback Expressions in Interpersonal Interaction
Authors: Jensen Mikael
Published: November 2015

Introduction: the number of studies carried out to investigate the nature of smiling as communicative feedback are extremely small. Therefore, the study is aimed at investigating the nature of smiling as communicative feedback. The study is theoretically built on previous research about feedback expressions and the nature of smiles and laughter in general.

Method: the study is based on a video-recorded first acquaintance context. Different kinds of smiles were coded from the participants’ interaction and was thereafter statistically analysed.

Result: feedback smiles are compared with non-feedback smiles. Time measurement and variance within each category of expression are tested. About 30 % of the coded smiles are feedback expressions. Very few of the feedback expressions are pure laughter. The differences between feedback expressions and non-feedback expressions are presented in terms of time length and displayed variance.

Conclusion: feedback expressions are typically short and unobtrusive. This is also the case with feedback smiles and laughter. The time is short and the variance is low.
Non-High Risk PE in the Patients with Acute or Exacerbated Respiratory Disease: The Value of the Algorithm Based on D-Dimer Evaluation and Revised Geneva Score
Authors: Szturmowicz Monika , Kacprzak Aneta , Wyrostkiewicz Dorota , Lewandowska Katarzyna , Jędrych Małgorzata , Bartoszuk Iwona , Kober Jarosław , Burakowska Barbara , Barańska Inga , Małek Grzegorz , Kuś Jan
Published: November 2015

Introduction: The diagnostic algorithm of non-high risk pulmonary embolism (PE) is based on probability scoring systems and plasma D-dimer (DD) assessment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of Revised Geneva Scoring (RGS) and DD testing for the excluding of non-high risk PE, in the patients admitted to the hospital due to acute respiratory diseases. Materials and Methods: The consecutive patients, above 18 years of age, referred to the department of lung diseases, entered the study. The exclusion criteria were: the pregnancy and the suspicion of high risk PE. Plasma DD was measured with quick ELISA test, VIDAS D-dimer New, bioMerieux, France. Multislice computed tomography angiography was performed in all of the patients. Results: 153 patients, median age 65 (19−88) years entered the study. The probability of PE was: low—in 58 patients (38%), intermediate—in 90 (59%), high—in 5 (3%). DD < 500 ng/mL was found in 12% of patients with low and intermediate probability of PE. PE was recognized in 10 out of 153 patients (7%). None of the patients with DD < 500 ng/mL was diagnosed with PE (NPV 100%). Median DD value was significantly higher in PE patients comparing to non-PE (4500 ng/mL and 1356 ng/mL respectively, p = 0.006). Conclusion: In the group of the patients with acute respiratory symptoms, low or intermediate clinical probability scoring combined with normal DD had a high NPV in excluding PE. Nevertheless, such approach was not very effective, as the increased DD was noted in 88% of the examined population.
Jogos online: ferramentas nas Intervenções Psicopedagógicas
Authors: Corbellini Silvana , Real Luciane M. Corte , Michailoff Franceline
Published: November 2015

Este artigo trata de um recorte de uma pesquisa em uma Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Apresentam-se oito casos de alunos diagnosticados com dificuldades de aprendizagem em diversas instituições escolares. Foram utilizados jogos online como ferramentas psicopedagógicas visando auxiliar neste processo. A metodologia utilizada foi o Estudo de Caso (Yin, 2010). O objetivo deste trabalho é o de evidenciar a relação entre o uso dos jogos online e a melhora das dificuldades de aprendizagens de leitura e escrita diagnosticadas em alunos com idade entre cinco e dezessete anos pertencentes à Educação Infantil e Séries Iniciais. Os resultados mostram que o uso dos jogos online nas intervenções psicopedagógicas podem ser instrumentos profícuos para auxiliar no desenvolvimento destes sujeitos, aliando-se o lúdico à intervenções cognitivas.
Investigando dois formatos de videoaulas de programação de jogos digitais para alunos do ensino médio
Authors: Silva Thiago Reis da , Aranha Eduardo , Oliveira Wendell , Fernandes Kleber T. , Lucena Marcia J. N. R.
Published: November 2015

Nesse artigo relatamos um estudo de caso comparativo sobre o efeito da utilização de dois formatos de videoaulas para ensino de programação de jogos digitais com alunas do ensino médio realizado no primeiro semestre de 2015. Ficou evidenciada a aceitação das videoaulas no apoio à aprendizagem de programação e a necessidade de mais estudos para promover o desenvolvimento de jogos para introduzir conhecimentos de programação na educação básica através de videoaulas.
A utilização das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação nos projetos educacionais interdisciplinares
Authors: Baptista Bianca Trindade , Vieira Márcia de Freitas
Published: November 2015

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em duas escolas municipais, uma localizada em Vila Velha/ES e outra em Vitória/ES, com o intuito de investigar de que maneira as tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação têm favorecido a aprendizagem dos alunos quando utilizados nos projetos educacionais interdisciplinares. A investigação se deu a partir das aulas desenvolvidas nos laboratórios de informática com as turmas de 1º ao 5º ano entre os anos de 2014 e 2015. Como resultado deste estudo concluiu-se que a metodologia de projetos quando aliada às tecnologias contribui significativamente na aprendizagem e autonomia dos alunos e no seu processo de formação.
Ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem e o modelo TPACK: relato de experiência de oferta de cursos em diferentes plataformas de educação a distância
Authors: Nicolau Ricardo Marques , Araújo Vanda Arantes , da Silva Edson Moura
Published: November 2015

O presente artigo traz uma reflexão sobre desafios e possibilidades da Educação a Distância a partir da experiência de gestão de cursos online em três diferentes plataformas de ensino a distância - Docebo, eFront e Ilias -, realizada por grupos de mestrandos e doutorandos em disciplina ministrada em programa de pós-graduação no ano de 2014. Os dados foram obtidos por observação participante durante o desenvolvimento do curso e pesquisa documental dos relatórios de conclusão da disciplina elaborados pelos pós-graduandos. Os resultados revelam que os cursos online apresentaram diferentes articulações dos conhecimentos tecnológico, pedagógico e do conteúdo definido no modelo TPACK.
Inclusão Digital e o Ensino de Matemática em Escolas Públicas: Vivências no Programa Infomat/Proext
Authors: Alves Edileide dos Santos , Assis Cibelle de Fátima Castro de , Martins Fagner Silva
Published: November 2015

A tecnologia está cada vez mais presente nas escolas. Este fato temprovocado a necessidade de adaptá-las à esta realidade uma vez que essas ferramentas podem colaborar para os processos de ensino e aprendizagem motivando os docentes a mudarem seu método tradicional de ensino e incentivando ointeresse dos alunos pelos estudos. O presente artigo discute ações de extensão universitária para inclusão de recursos digitais no ensino de matemática a partir da experiência de dois alunos no âmbito do PROEXT com o projeto InfoMat - Inclusão Digital no Ensino de Matemática em Escolas Públicas do Litoral Norte da Paraíba, realizado no ano de 2014. Traz contribuições sobre a realidade escolar e desafios de um processo de inclusão nesses espaços.
Formação continuada de educadores e as tecnologias digitais da informação e da comunicação em escolas de governo: conceitos e práticas do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Alves Ana Panzani , Silva Maria da Graça Moreira da
Published: November 2015

Este artigo versa sobre as políticas públicas nacionais de formação continuada de educadores e o papel e uso das tecnologias digitais da informação e da comunicação. Analisa o caso da Escola de Formação e Aperfeiçoamento dos Professores do Estado de São Paulo "Paulo Renato Costa Souza" da Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo. Para a análise, foram coletados os dados documentais de 125 ações de formação ofertadas pela EFAP, entre 2009 e 2013. O estudo indica convergências entre as práticas desta escola de governo e as políticas públicas educacionais, bem como a promoção da apropriação das tecnologias pelos educadores e a realização de ações que privilegiam a formação no contexto.
Apresentação e Avaliação do Jogo "Trânsito Consciente": Um Jogo Educacional Móvel de Auxílio à Conscientização sobre os Riscos de se Dirigir sob Efeito de Álcool
Authors: Faria Vinícius Pereira , Santos Marcos Alves dos , Inocêncio Ana Carolina Gondim , Parreira Júnior Paulo Afonso
Published: November 2015

Atualmente, é visível o crescimento da quantidade de veículos que transitam todos os dias nas ruas das cidades. Aliado a isto, infelizmente, há o aumento da quantidade de acidentes de trânsito. A mistura álcool e direção, além de ser responsável pela maioria dos acidentes de trânsito, provoca acidentes mais graves, com maior probabilidade de serem fatais. Neste artigo, apresenta-se um jogo educacional móvel para a plataforma Android, denominado Trânsito Consciente, cujo enfoque está na conscientização dos indivíduos (não apenas motoristas), quanto aos riscos de se dirigir sob efeito de álcool. A partir da avaliação realizada com o jogo, notou-se boa aceitação por parte dos trinta e oito avaliadores, com respeito à utilidade do jogo e à facilidade de uso do mesmo.
Análise dos Fatores Críticos para o Sucesso de Cursos de Graduação em Computação: um estudo de caso na Região Amazônica
Authors: Andrade Marisa C. M. A. de , Sampaio Neto Nelson C. , Sousa Decíola F. de , Chaves Rafael O. , Carvalho Glaucio H. S. de
Published: November 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) de cursos de graduação em Computação na ótica dos alunos. Os FCS foram pesquisados e agrupados em quatro categorias: Instituição, Docente, Aluno e Serviços de Apoio da Instituição. Cada categoria é composta de vários indicadores. Utilizou-se o questionário Likert de cinco pontos para gerar descrições quantitativas. Participaram da pesquisa 284 alunos de duas universidades federais da Amazônia. Os resultados foram determinados pela análise estatística dos itens Likert em cada categoria. A confiabilidade do questionário foi de 0,975 segundo o coeficiente alpha de Cronbach. Os resultados apontaram que o FCS mais relevante foi o FCS Docente.
Low-Carbon Development Strategy and CCS/CCUS Practices of Sinopec
Authors: Meng Xian Ling
Published: November 2015

In responding to the challenges of climate change and in order to meet the carbon emissions peak goal in China around 2030, the petroleum and petrochemical industries in China have been taking great efforts in carbon reduction and achieving sustainable development. As one of the major operators in China's petroleum and petrochemical industries, Sinopec has been carried out low-carbon development strategy and tactics, such as optimizing industries structure, developing low-carbon energy, improving energy efficiency, carbon asset management and CCU/CCUS practicing etc.. Besides the low-carbon development strategy, the paper also introduces the progress and effects of CCS/CCUS practices in Sinopec, such as CO2-based EOR, conversion of CO2 into fuels and chemicals, mineralization of CO2, bio-utilization of CO2 etc.
GHG Mitigation Strategies (Kyoto Protocol)
Authors: Nwaka Nnamdi A.
Published: November 2015

Global warming and climate change have become major concerns to the Global Community over the past two decades. The aftermath of these two adverse phenomena pose a threat to human existence and the entire Biological Ecosystem. Over 150 years of industrialization have produced significant levels of waste gases (greenhouse gases) from fossil fuels use. The greenhouse effect, resulting from these emissions (chiefly CO2), have led to drastic upsurge in temperatures and other adverse climate changes.This paper, as part of the global efforts to curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, reviews the already set out GHG mitigation strategies by the Kyoto Protocol and its consequences. It seeks to apply the ideas of the protocol to Nigeria, as a case study, for more energy and environmental security and economic development. Global successes and challenges of the protocol are highlighted also and the concept of carbon credits is concisely discussed. This paper shows that the protocol has generally been successful and could be more successful. It also shows that the application of the strategies in a country would provide better living conditions.
A Combined Cooling and Power System Based on Compressed CO2 Energy Storage
Authors: Zheng Dewen , Tang Ligen , Wang Jieming , Guo Kai , Bai Fengjuan
Published: November 2015

In order to use and storage of greenhouse gas CO2, compressed CO2 energy storage system(CCSE) was designed by using model of Compressed Air Energy Storage(CASE) and with the advantage of high compressibility and big specific heat capacity. The system (CCSE) in question, located in the seaside and consisted of Wind power generator/Compressors/Underground salt cave/Expander and power generator/Refrigeratory for fish, was designed to realize the function of storage wind power and reuse cold energy. When power grid was in low load, such as in the nighttime, power generated from wind was used to compress CO2 from low pressure into high pressure, and CO2 with high pressure was injected into underground salt cave for power grid becoming peak load, then CO2 was withdrew to generate power to peak shaving and generate cold energy to maintain fish refrigerator in low temperature. CO2 carried cold energy have another name as dry ice, solid state of CO2 is easy to preservation and transportation, when transfer the cold energy to fish refrigerator, dry ice become as CO2 in gas phase and flow into another underground salt caves to prepare for next CO2 cycle. Energy efficiency and economic feasibility of the CCSE above was calculated using thermal physics knowledge, and results show that, total energy efficiency exceeds 50%, moreover, the output power price is about 1/3 of peak price when input price is 0.2CHY/kw.h. Key world: CO2 cycle; compressed CO2 energy storage system; wind power storage; cold energy; salt cave;
Gouvernance urbaine et rassemblements de jeunes à Montréal-Nord. Autour de la notion de gang de rue
Authors: González Castillo1 Eduardo , Goyette Martin
Published: November 2015

Cet article consiste en une réflexion sur la notion de gang de rue. Il aborde le contexte historique de sa construction et de sa « popularisation » en Amérique du Nord. L’article s’attarde plus précisément sur la façon dont les transformations expérimentées par les sociétés capitalistes contemporaines (l’immigration, la perte d’espaces publics, le changement du système de justice) expliquent sa diffusion. Le but de l’article n’est certainement pas de nier l’existence de la criminalité juvénile (individuelle ou collective), mais plutôt de réfléchir sur les limites associées à l’un des concepts les plus utilisés pour la comprendre. En ce sens, il est possible de dire que le texte cherche à déconstruire la notion de gang de rue. Le cas utilisé pour illustrer notre réflexion est celui de Montréal-Nord, arrondissement montréalais qui a été souvent associé aux gangs de rue par les médias et par les services de sécurité publique au Québec, Canada.
Les gangs et la violence dans leur quartier tels que perçus par les jeunes
Authors: Kelly Sarah , Dubois Florence
Published: November 2015

La violence des gangs est un problème de société en pleine croissance. La présente étude a pour but de se pencher sur la perception qu’ont les adolescents, non membres de gangs, à propos des gangs, de la violence qui y est associée et de l’influence qu’elle exerce, selon eux, sur leur quartier. Vingt adolescents ont participé à des groupes de discussion sous forme d’entretiens semi-dirigés, ce qui a permis de dégager quatre thèmes principaux : 1) un sentiment d’appartenance ; 2) un prix à payer ; 3) l’incompréhension ; et 4) l’évitement actif. Les perceptions à propos des gangs et de la violence diffèrent d’un adolescent à l’autre. Comprendre leurs points de vue pourrait aider à la conception de programmes de santé publique visant à éduquer les jeunes sur les gangs et sur les conséquences d’une implication dans de tels groupes.
RNA binding protein Caprin-2 is a pivotal regulator of the central osmotic defense response
Authors: Konopacka Agnieszka , Greenwood Mingkwan , Loh Su-Yi , Paton Julian , Murphy David
Published: November 2015

In response to an osmotic challenge, the synthesis of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) increases in the hypothalamus, and this is accompanied by extension of the 3′ poly(A) tail of the AVP mRNA, and the up-regulation of the expression of RNA binding protein Caprin-2. Here we show that Caprin-2 binds to AVP mRNAs, and that lentiviral mediated shRNA knockdown of Caprin-2 in the osmotically stimulated hypothalamus shortens the AVP mRNA poly(A) tail at the same time as reducing transcript abundance. In a recapitulated in vitro system, we confirm that Caprin-2 over-expression enhances AVP mRNA abundance and poly(A) tail length. Importantly, we show that Caprin-2 knockdown in the hypothalamus decreases urine output and fluid intake, and increases urine osmolality, urine sodium concentration, and plasma AVP levels. Thus Caprin-2 controls physiological mechanisms that are essential for the body's response to osmotic stress.
Interseismic coupling and refined earthquake potential on the Hayward‐Calaveras fault zone
Authors: Chaussard E. , Bürgmann R. , Fattahi H. , Johnson C. W. , Nadeau R. , Taira T. , Johanson I.
Published: November 2015

Interseismic strain accumulation and fault creep is usually estimated from GPS and alignment arrays data, which provide precise but spatially sparse measurements. Here we use interferometric synthetic aperture radar to resolve the interseismic deformation associated with the Hayward and Calaveras Faults (HF and CF) in the East San Francisco Bay Area. The large 1992–2011 SAR data set permits evaluation of short‐ and long‐wavelength deformation larger than 2 mm/yr without alignment of the velocity field to a GPS‐based model. Our time series approach in which the interferogram selection is based on the spatial coherence enables deformation mapping in vegetated areas and leads to refined estimates of along‐fault surface creep rates. Creep rates vary from 0 ± 2 mm/yr on the northern CF to 14 ± 2 mm/yr on the central CF south of the HF surface junction. We estimate the long‐term slip rates by inverting the long‐wavelength deformation and the distribution of shallow slip due to creep by inverting the remaining velocity field. This distribution of slip reveals the locations of locked and slowly creeping patches with potential for a M6.8 ± 0.3 on the HF near San Leandro, a M6.6 ± 0.2 on the northern CF near Dublin, a M6.5 ± 0.1 on the HF south of Fremont, and a M6.2 ± 0.2 on the central CF near Morgan Hill. With cascading multisegment ruptures the HF rupturing from Berkeley to the CF junction could produce a M6.9 ± 0.1, the northern CF a M6.6 ± 0.1, the central CF a M6.9 ± 0.2 from the junction to Gilroy, and a joint rupture of the HF and central CF could produce a M7.1 ± 0.1.
Mode‐independent H∞ filtering for discrete‐time Markov jump linear system with parametric uncertainties and quantized measurements
Authors: Niu Yingjun , Dong Wei , Ji Yindong
Published: November 2015

This paper is concerned with the problem of H∞ filtering for discrete‐time Markov jump linear system with parametric uncertainties and quantized measurements, when the jumping mode information is not accessible. By converting the quantized errors into a sector‐bounded nonlinearity, the parametric uncertainties and measurements quantization are dealt with in a unified framework. The mode‐independent H∞ filter is designed, and sufficient conditions are established via Lyapunov function approach, such that for all possible uncertain parameters and quantization errors, the resulting filtering error system is robustly stochastically stable and achieves a guaranteed H∞ filtering error performance index. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective Vinylogous Michael/Cyclization Cascade Reaction of Acyclic β,γ‐Unsaturated Amides with Isatylidene Malononitriles: Asymmetric Construction of Spirocyclic Oxindoles
Authors: Li Tian‐Ze , Xie Jin , Jiang Yu , Sha Feng , Wu Xin‐Yan
Published: November 2015

The first direct and enantioselective vinylogous Michael/cyclization cascade reaction between acyclic β,γ‐unsaturated amides and isatylidene malononitriles has been developed. Optically active spirocyclic oxindoles have been obtained in good‐to‐excellent yields (84–96%) and enantioselectivity (79–97% ee) in the presence of 2 mol% (DHQD)2PYR [2,5‐diphenyl‐4,6‐bis(9‐O‐dihydroquinyl)pyrimidine].

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Blunt pancreatic duct injury in children
Authors: Yamamoto Hirotaka , Ochi Takanori , Miyazaki Eiji , Machida Hiromichi , Tobayama Shigeo , Suzuki Kazufumi
Published: November 2015

Case

A 10‐year‐old boy sustained a blunt injury to the pancreatic neck with complete transection of the main pancreatic duct. Because endoscopic catheterization across the rupture site was not possible, an endoscopic nasopancreatic drain was inserted through the proximal pancreatic duct into the retroperitoneum. An emergency laparotomy was carried out, during which time the tube was used as a guide for identifying disrupted pancreatic ducts. Damaged tissue was removed, the proximal pancreatic duct was ligated, and a Roux‐en‐Y distal pancreaticojejunostomy was carried out.

Outcome

The patient was discharged 49 days after surgery.

Conclusion

Preoperative catheterization of the transected pancreatic duct is an option for detecting a disrupted main pancreatic duct.
A novel approach for extracting cellulose nanofibers from lignocellulosic biomass by ball milling combined with chemical treatment
Authors: Nuruddin Md. , Hosur Mahesh , Uddin Md. Jamal , Baah David , Jeelani Shaik
Published: November 2015

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were isolated from kenaf fibers and wheat straw by formic acid (FA)/acetic acid (AA), peroxyformic acid (PFA)/peroxyacetic acid (PAA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment; and subsequently through ball milling treatment. Characterization of extracted cellulose and cellulose nanofibers was carried out through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM images showed that extracted cellulose nanofibers had diameter in the range of 8–100 nm. FTIR and XRD results implied that hemicellulose and lignin were mostly removed from lignocellulosic biomass with an increase in crystallinity, and isolation of cellulose nanofibers was successful. The TGA results showed that decomposition temperature of cellulose nanofibers increased by about 27°C when compared with that of untreated lignocellulosic biomass. No significant change was observed in the decomposition temperature of bleached celluloses after ball milling. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42990.
Surface and wetting characteristics of textured bisphenol‐A based polycarbonate surfaces: Acetone‐induced crystallization texturing methods
Authors: Owais Ahmed , Khaled Mazen M. , Yilbas Bekir S. , Abu‐Dheir Numan , Varanasi Kripa K. , Toumi Kamal Y.
Published: November 2015

Polycarbonate (PC) sheet is a promising material for facile patterning to induce hydrophobic self‐cleaning and dust repelling properties for photovoltaic panels’ protection. An investigation to texture PC sheet surfaces to develop a self‐cleaning structure using solvent induced‐crystallization is carried out using acetone. Acetone is applied in both liquid and vapor states to generate a hierarchically structured surface that would improve its contacts angle and therefore improve hydrophobicity. The surface texture is investigated and characterized using atomic force microscopy, contact angle technique (Goniometer), optical microscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The findings revealed that the liquid acetone‐induced crystallization of PC surface leads to a hierarchal and hydrophobic surface with an average contact angle of 135° and average transmittance <2%. However, the acetone vapor induced‐crystallization results in a slightly hydrophilic hierarchal textured surface with high transmittance; in which case, average contact angle of 89° and average transmittance of 69% are achieved. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43074.
Assessment of risk of peripheral vascular disease and vascular care capacity in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Gyedu A , Stewart B T , Nakua E , Quansah R , Donkor P , Mock C , Hardy M , Yangni-Angate K H
Published: November 2015

Background

This study aimed to describe national peripheral vascular disease (PVD) risk and health burden, and vascular care capacity in Ghana. The gap between PVD burden and vascular care capacity in low- and middle-income countries was defined, and capacity improvement priorities were identified.

Methods

Data to estimate PVD risk factor burden were obtained from the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE), Ghana, and the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease (IHME GBD) database. In addition, a novel nationwide assessment of vascular care capacity was performed, with 20 vascular care items assessed at 40 hospitals in Ghana. Factors contributing to specific item deficiency were described.

Results

From the SAGE database, there were 4305 respondents aged at least 50 years with data to estimate PVD risk. Of these, 57·4 per cent were at moderate to risk high of PVD with at least three risk factors; extrapolating nationally, the estimate was 1 654 557 people. Based on IHME GBD data, the estimated disability-adjusted life-years incurred from PVD increased fivefold from 1990 to 2010 (from 6·3 to 31·7 per 100 000 persons respectively). Vascular care capacity assessment demonstrated marked deficiencies in items for diagnosis, and in perioperative and vascular surgical care. Deficiencies were most often due to absence of equipment, lack of training and technology breakage.

Conclusion

Risk factor reduction and management as well as optimization of current resources are paramount to avoid the large burden of PVD falling on healthcare systems in low- and middle-income countries. These countries are not well equipped to handle vascular surgical care, and rapid development of such capacity would be difficult and expensive.
Apply business‐world techniques to athletics department leadership
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: November 2015

College athletics administrators tend to spend more time in meetings than they'd like. But they also understand how important it is for everyone to have a voice.
Furospinosulin‐1, Marine Spongean Furanosesterterpene, Suppresses the Growth of Hypoxia‐Adapted Cancer Cells by Binding to Transcriptional Regulators p54nrb and LEDGF/p75
Authors: Arai Masayoshi , Kawachi Takashi , Kotoku Naoyuki , Nakata Chiaki , Kamada Haruhiko , Tsunoda Shin‐ichi , Tsutsumi Yasuo , Endo Hiroko , Inoue Masahiro , Sato Hiroki , Kobayashi Motomasa
Published: November 2015

Hypoxia‐adapted cancer cells in tumors contribute to the pathological progression of cancer. Cancer research has therefore focused on the identification of molecules responsible for hypoxia adaptation in cancer cells, as well as the development of new compounds with action against hypoxia‐adapted cancer cells. The marine natural product furospinosulin‐1 (1) has displayed hypoxia‐selective growth inhibition against cultured cancer cells, and has shown in vivo anti‐tumor activity, although its precise mode of action and molecular targets remain unclear. In this study, we found that 1 is selectively effective against hypoxic regions of tumors, and that it directly binds to the transcriptional regulators p54nrb and LEDGF/p75, which have not been previously identified as mediators of hypoxia adaptation in cancer cells.
The Use of (−)‐Sparteine/Organolithium Reagents for the Enantioselective Lithiation of 7,8‐Dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene: Single and Double Kinetic Resolution Procedures
Authors: Doulcet Julien , Stephenson G. Richard
Published: November 2015

The effect of organolithium reagent (RLi: R=nBu, iPr, sBu, tBu), solvent (diethyl ether, diethyl ether/THF and MTBE), and stoichiometry on the (−)‐sparteine‐mediated silylation of 7,8‐dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene shows that, unusually, substantially more than 0.5 equivalent of RLi (R=iPr, sBu, tBu) and a large excess of (−)‐sparteine (R=nBu, sBu) is often needed to achieve substantial conversions and good ee values. With nBuLi, however, just one equivalent of the organolithium reagent is sufficient to obtain high conversions. Our best results were obtained using the convenient tBuLi/(−)‐sparteine adduct with which the need for a high (−)‐sparteine/RLi ratio can be avoided. Single‐ and double‐kinetic resolution (KR) procedures give enantiopure samples of 2‐trimethylsilyl‐ and 2,13‐di(trimethylsilyl)‐7,8‐dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene and two‐step double‐KR combining (−)‐sparteine/sBuLi and chiral formamides affords the synthetically valuable 2‐formyl‐7,8‐dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene. This is the first use of (−)‐sparteine for the enantioselective lithiation of helicenes and the first report of tBuLi outperforming sBuLi in a (−)‐sparteine‐mediated procedure.
Quinoidal Oligo(9,10‐anthryl)s with Chain‐Length‐Dependent Ground States: A Balance between Aromatic Stabilization and Steric Strain Release
Authors: Lim Zhenglong , Zheng Bin , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Liu Ye , Wu Jishan
Published: November 2015

Quinoidal π‐conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons have attracted intensive research interest due to their unique optical/electronic properties and possible magnetic activity, which arises from a thermally excited triplet state. However, there is still lack of fundamental understanding on the factors that determine the electronic ground states. Herein, by using quinoidal oligo(9,10‐anthryl)s, it is demonstrated that both aromatic stabilisation and steric strain release play balanced roles in determining the ground states. Oligomers with up to four anthryl units were synthesised and their ground states were investigated by electronic absorption and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, assisted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The quinoidal 9,10‐anthryl dimer 1 has a closed‐shell ground state, whereas the tri‐ (2) and tetramers (3) both have an open‐shell diradical ground state with a small singlet–triplet gap. Such a difference results from competition between two driving forces: the large steric repulsion between the anthryl/phenyl units in the closed‐shell quinoidal form that drives the molecule to a flexible open‐shell diradical structure, and aromatic stabilisation due to the gain of more aromatic sextet rings in the closed‐shell form, which drives the molecule towards a contorted quinoidal structure. The ground states of these oligomers thus depend on the overall balance between these two driving forces and show chain‐length dependence.
Ruthenium Complex “Light Switches” that are Selective for Different G‐Quadruplex Structures
Authors: Wachter Erin , Moyá Diego , Parkin Sean , Glazer Edith C.
Published: November 2015

Recognition and regulation of G‐quadruplex nucleic acid structures is an important goal for the development of chemical tools and medicinal agents. The addition of a bromo‐substituent to the dipyridylphenazine (dppz) ligands in the photophysical “light switch”, [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+, and the photochemical “light switch”, [Ru(bpy)2dmdppz]2+, creates compounds with increased selectivity for an intermolecular parallel G‐quadruplex and the mixed‐hybrid G‐quadruplex, respectively. When [Ru(bpy)2dppz‐Br]2+ and [Ru(bpy)2dmdppz‐Br]2+ are incubated with the G‐quadruplexes, they have a stabilizing effect on the DNA structures. Activation of [Ru(bpy)2dmdppz‐Br]2+ with light results in covalent adduct formation with the DNA. These complexes demonstrate that subtle chemical modifications of RuII complexes can alter G‐quadruplex selectivity, and could be useful for the rational design of in vivo G‐quadruplex probes.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acidity of Si6Cl12 and Its Role as Convenient SiCl2 Source.
Authors: Tillmann Jan , Moxter Maximilian , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Wagner Matthias
Published: November 2015

Crystals of the free cyclohexasilane Si6Cl12 (I) are obtained by decomplexation of [Bu4N]2[Si6Cl12]Cl2 using 2.5 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Bridging Nonaselenium Ring in [Se9(IrBr3)2], and Three Modifications of the Mononuclear Complex [IrBr3(SeBr2)3].
Authors: Stolze Karoline , Ruck Michael
Published: November 2015

Three different modifications of (IV) are obtained under similar conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Radical Alkynylation of C(sp3)—H Bonds Using Sulfoximine as a Traceless Chiral Auxiliary.
Authors: Nagatomo Masanori , Yoshioka Shun , Inoue Masayuki
Published: November 2015

The title reaction is achieved using only a chiral sulfoximine (II) and benzophenone under photo‐irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Chitosan: Highly Efficient, Green, and Reusable Biopolymer Catalyst for the Synthesis of Alkylaminophenols via Petasis Borono—Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Reddy Sirigi Reddy Sudharsan , Reddy Bhoomireddy Rajendra Prasad , Reddy Peddiahgari Vasu Govardhana
Published: November 2015

A facile protocol for the three‐component condensation of o‐hydroxy benzaldehydes, boronic acids, and amines to form the title products in high yields is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Dithiocarbamate‐Substituted gem‐Difluorinated Silicon Reagent: Generation and Addition to Aldehydes.
Authors: Maslov Anton S. , Smirnov Vladimir O. , Struchkova Marina I. , Arkhipov Dmitry E. , Dilman Alexander D.
Published: November 2015

A fluorinated silicon reagent generated in situ from substrates (II) and (III) undergoes nucleophilic addition to aldehydes and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Construction of Spirooxindoles by Organocatalytic Multicomponent Reactions Using Diazooxindoles.
Authors: Wu Ming‐Yue , He Wei‐Wei , Liu Xin‐Yuan , Tan Bin
Published: November 2015

This highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective method to give various spirooxindoles is realized using a newly developed hydrogen‐bond catalyst, for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Dehydrogenative Diels—Alder Reactions of 2‐Methyl‐3‐alkylindoles with Dienophiles: Rapid Access to Tetrahydrocarbazoles, Carbazoles, and Heteroacenes.
Authors: Zhou Liejin , Xu Bing , Zhang Junliang
Published: November 2015

A wide range of indole‐based ortho‐quinodimethanes is generated in situ by a DDQ‐ or benzoquinone‐mediated dehydrogenation process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Mechanistic Study of Cyclic Oxoguanidines via Zn(OTf)2‐Catalyzed Guanylation/Amidation from Readily Available Amino Acid Esters and Carbodiimides.
Authors: Chi Yue , Xu Ling , Du Shanshan , Yan Haihan , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: November 2015

The title reaction is used for the preparation of a series of imidazole and quinazoline structures where in most cases an ammonium salt is used as substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐N‐heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Promising Anticancer Compounds
Authors: Mohamed Heba A. , Willans Charlotte E.
Published: November 2015

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Photocatalysts for Selective and Efficient Organic Transformations
Authors: Munir Shamsa , Dionysiou Dionysios D. , Khan Sher Bahadar , Shah Syed Mujtaba , Adhikari Bimalendu , Shah Afzal
Published: November 2015

Review: 145 refs.
Integrated power saving for relay node and user equipment in LTE‐A
Authors: Yang Chun‐Chuan , Chen Jeng‐Yueng , Mai Yi‐Ting , Liu Hsieh‐Hua
Published: November 2015

By introduction of relay nodes, LTE‐Advanced can provide enhanced coverage and capacity at cell edges and hot‐spot areas. The authors have been researching the issue of power saving in mobile communications technology such as WiMax and Long Term Evolution (LTE) for some years. Based on the previous idea of load‐based power saving, two strategies each with associated schemes to integrated relay nodes and user equipment in power saving are proposed in the paper. Simulation study shows the benefit of the proposed schemes in terms of better power saving than the standard‐based scheme at the cost of moderately increased delay. Extended discussion about the impact of different load distribution among user equipments and the impact of a worse backhaul link on power saving is also presented in the paper. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensing throughput trade‐off for an energy efficient cognitive radio network under faded sensing and reporting channel
Authors: Bhowmick Abhijit , Roy Sanjay Dhar , Kundu Sumit
Published: November 2015

The trade‐off between sensing time and throughput is investigated in the context of an energy‐efficient cognitive radio network considering both the sensing and reporting channels are Rayleigh faded, while the existing literature considered the fading in sensing channel only. In this paper, such a trade‐off is re‐examined under Rayleigh faded sensing as well as reporting channel. Novel analytical expressions for overall detection probability and false alarm probability are developed under such scenario. The performance is investigated in terms of detection probability, false alarm probability, throughput and energy efficiency of the network for different sensing parameters such as sensing time, number of samples, sensing channel signal‐to‐noise ratio and reporting channel signal‐to‐noise ratio. Our analysis shows that the quality of the reporting channel significantly affects the trade‐off performance of the network. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD40 ligand‐expressing recombinant vaccinia virus promotes the generation of CD8+ central memory T cells
Authors: Trella Emanuele , Raafat Nermin , Mengus Chantal , Traunecker Emmanuel , Governa Valeria , Heidtmann Swantje , Heberer Michael , Oertli Daniel , Spagnoli Giulio C. , Zajac Paul
Published: November 2015

Central memory CD8+ T cells (TCM) play key roles in the protective immunity against infectious agents, cancer immunotherapy, and adoptive treatments of malignant and viral diseases. CD8+ TCM cells are characterized by specific phenotypes, homing, and proliferative capacities. However, CD8+ TCM‐cell generation is challenging, and usually requires CD4+ CD40L+ T‐cell “help” during the priming of naïve CD8+ T cells. We have generated a replication incompetent CD40 ligand‐expressing recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV40L) to promote the differentiation of human naïve CD8+ T cells into TCM specific for viral and tumor‐associated antigens. Soluble CD40 ligand recombinant protein (sCD40L), and vaccinia virus wild‐type (VV WT), alone or in combination, were used as controls. Here, we show that, in the absence of CD4+ T cells, a single “in vitro” stimulation of naïve CD8+ T cells by rVV40L‐infected nonprofessional CD14+ antigen presenting cells promotes the rapid generation of viral or tumor associated antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells displaying TCM phenotypic and functional properties. These observations demonstrate the high ability of rVV40L to fine tune CD8+ mediated immune responses, and strongly support the use of similar reagents for clinical immunization and adoptive immunotherapy purposes.
Complex mixtures, complex responses: Assessing pharmaceutical mixtures using field and laboratory approaches
Authors: Schoenfuss Heiko L. , Furlong Edward T. , Phillips Pat J. , Scott Tia-Marie , Kolpin Dana W. , Cetkovic-Cvrlje Marina , Lesteberg Kelsey E. , Rearick Daniel C.
Published: November 2015

Pharmaceuticals are present in low concentrations (<100 ng/L) in most municipal wastewater effluents but may be elevated locally because of factors such as input from pharmaceutical formulation facilities. Using existing concentration data, the authors assessed pharmaceuticals in laboratory exposures of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and added environmental complexity through effluent exposures. In the laboratory, larval and mature minnows were exposed to a simple opioid mixture (hydrocodone, methadone, and oxycodone), an opioid agonist (tramadol), a muscle relaxant (methocarbamol), a simple antidepressant mixture (fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine), a sleep aid (temazepam), or a complex mixture of all compounds. Larval minnow response to effluent exposure was not consistent. The 2010 exposures resulted in shorter exposed minnow larvae, whereas the larvae exposed in 2012 exhibited altered escape behavior. Mature minnows exhibited altered hepatosomatic indices, with the strongest effects in females and in mixture exposures. In addition, laboratory-exposed, mature male minnows exposed to all pharmaceuticals (except the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor mixture) defended nest sites less rigorously than fish in the control group. Tramadol or antidepressant mixture exposure resulted in increased splenic T lymphocytes. Only male minnows exposed to whole effluent responded with increased plasma vitellogenin concentrations. Female minnows exposed to pharmaceuticals (except the opioid mixture) had larger livers, likely as a compensatory result of greater prominence of vacuoles in liver hepatocytes. The observed alteration of apical endpoints central to sustaining fish populations confirms that effluents containing waste streams from pharmaceutical formulation facilities can adversely impact fish populations but that the effects may not be temporally consistent. The present study highlights the importance of including diverse biological endpoints spanning levels of biological organization and life stages when assessing contaminant interactions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:953–965. © 2015 SETAC
Landfill leachate as a mirror of today's disposable society: Pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern in final leachate from landfills in the conterminous United States
Authors: Masoner Jason R. , Kolpin Dana W. , Furlong Edward T. , Cozzarelli Isabelle M. , Gray James L.
Published: November 2015

Final leachates (leachate after storage or treatment processes) from 22 landfills in 12 states were analyzed for 190 pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which were detected in every sample, with the number of CECs ranging from 1 to 58 (median = 22). In total, 101 different CECs were detected in leachate samples, including 43 prescription pharmaceuticals, 22 industrial chemicals, 15 household chemicals, 12 nonprescription pharmaceuticals, 5 steroid hormones, and 4 animal/plant sterols. The most frequently detected CECs were lidocaine (91%, local anesthetic), cotinine (86%, nicotine degradate), carisoprodol (82%, muscle relaxant), bisphenol A (77%, component of plastics and thermal paper), carbamazepine (77%, anticonvulsant), and N,N-diethyltoluamide (68%, insect repellent). Concentrations of CECs spanned 7 orders of magnitude, ranging from 2.0 ng/L (estrone) to 17 200 000 ng/L (bisphenol A). Concentrations of household and industrial chemicals were the greatest (∼1000–1 000 000 ng/L), followed by plant/animal sterols (∼1000–100 000 ng/L), nonprescription pharmaceuticals (∼100–10 000 ng/L), prescription pharmaceuticals (∼10–10 000 ng/L), and steroid hormones (∼10–100 ng/L). The CEC concentrations in leachate from active landfills were significantly greater than those in leachate from closed, unlined landfills (p = 0.05). The CEC concentrations were significantly greater (p < 0.01) in untreated leachate compared with treated leachate. The CEC concentrations were significantly greater in leachate disposed to wastewater treatment plants from modern lined landfills than in leachate released to groundwater from closed, unlined landfills (p = 0.04). The CEC concentrations were significantly greater (p = 0.06) in the fresh leachate (leachate before storage or treatment) reported in a previous study compared with the final leachate sampled for the present study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:906–918. Published 2015 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and as such, is in the public domain in the United States.
Analytical performance estimation of network‐assisted D2D communications in urban scenarios with rectangular cells
Authors: Samuylov Andrey , Ometov Aleksandr , Begishev Vyacheslav , Kovalchukov Roman , Moltchanov Dmitri , Gaidamaka Yuliya , Samouylov Konstantin , Andreev Sergey , Koucheryavy Yevgeni
Published: November 2015

The aggressive spatial reuse of radio resources is considered today as one of the most promising avenues to achieve significant cellular capacity improvements in future fifth‐generation networks. Accordingly, device‐to‐device (D2D) communications are an emerging paradigm that promises to offer these much expected gains without the need for additional investments into the network infrastructure. However, before this attractive technology can be deployed ubiquitously, the research community has to fully understand the extent of its potential performance benefits across typical scenarios of interest. In this work, we consider one such use case of rectangular cells (common for offices, shopping malls, dormitories, etc.) and develop the corresponding analytical methodology for D2D performance evaluation. As our target metric, we employ the signal‐to‐interference (SIR) ratio experienced by a D2D user. To this end, we propose two relatively simple approximations for SIR distribution and hence capture the related parameters, including user throughput. Further, we carefully investigate the most interesting numerical results by making important conclusions on the envisioned operation of our chosen scenario. In particular, we demonstrate that under certain conditions, the SIR behaviour is insensitive to the dimensions of cells, while different propagation exponents ‘scale’ its density function thus allowing to simplify the characterisation of SIR in a wide range of input parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A limited feedback based network coding retransmission scheme for machine‐to‐machine wireless broadcasting
Authors: Wang Jian , Xu Youyun , Wang Cong , Xu Kui
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we focus on network coding based wireless broadcasting problem in a machine‐to‐machine (M2M) scenario where massive M2M devices (MDs) exist. On the finding that numerous feedback messages are required in traditional full feedback based network coding schemes, which imposes a heavy feedback load to the system, we propose a Limited Feedback based Network Coding Retransmission (LFNCR) scheme on the purpose of achieving a practical coverage rate CR (CR < 100%). Instead of the accurate feedback‐by‐packet mechanism, in LFNCR, a feedback‐by‐stage mechanism is applied, that is, each MD feeds back a generation for pseudo‐random network coded packets in a next retransmission stage; thus, feedback load is significantly decreased. In order to maximise broadcast efficiency, we further propose a two‐step generation optimization procedure. In particular, in the first step, each MD determines a local optimal generation and sends it to the base station; in the second step, base station selects a global optimal generation among local optimal generations corresponding to the target coverage rate. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that in the proposed LFNCR, only extreme few feedback is required, compared with traditional full feedback based network coding retransmission schemes, meanwhile acceptable broadcast efficiency could be achieved. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.