bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Tidal Volume in Newborns Through a Novel Three‐Dimensional Model: A Viability Study
Authors: de Figueiredo Araujo Ana Gabriela , Bastos de Souza Junior Nilson Willamy , de Oliveira Holanda Norrara Scarlytt , de Magalhães Fabrício Anicio , Guerra Azevedo Ingrid , Silveira Letícia de Paula , Marques Felcar Josiane , Alves Pereira Silvana
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Although noninvasive monitoring through quantifying rib cage movement has been useful in serial assessment of pulmonary function in newborns, measuring tidal volume (TV) is commonly performed invasively. As it is the most basic measure of pulmonary function, expanding its assessment to a noninvasive measure can contribute to clinical findings and interpretations in neonatal clinical practice.

Objective

(1) Create a noninvasive measurement tool for TV for neonatal clinical use; (2) Evaluate the agreement between measured TV and predicted TV.

Methods

Observational study with healthy newborns. Predicted TV was calculated based on the newborns’ weight using the mid‐range of the volumes usually set during mechanical ventilation of term infants (5 mL/kg). For measured TV, newborns were filmed in supine position using a digital camera, and their chest circumferences were measured with a nonelastic tape. Body markers delimited the segmentation of the area of interest, and a MATLAB software routine established their relationship with the area in cm² and generated a representative image of the thoracic and abdominal areas in a cylindrical, elliptical‐based format, as well as a three‐dimensional model to represent quantitative data of measured TV. Paired t‐test assessed the means of measured and predicted TV, Pearson's correlation assessed level of association, and Kappa coefficient assessed the agreement between them.

Results

Newborns' gestational ages ranged from 38 to 40 weeks and weights from 2190 to 4125 g. A total of 56 respiratory cycles were validated for analysis. The mean predicted TV according to weight was 5.06 mL/kg, and measured TV was 5 ml/kg (p = 0.31), with a correlation of 0.7 (p < 0.001) and a kappa coefficient of 0.39 (p = 0.01).

Conclusions

MATLAB software routine was a practical and easy‐to‐use tool to monitor noninvasive TV in a neonatal setting. There was no difference between predicted and estimated TV, with fair agreement between them.
Coconut Oil Mitigates the Effects of Aging on the Mongolian Gerbil Prostate
Authors: Guerra Luiz Henrique Alves , da Costa Castro Nayara Fernanda , Jubilato Fernanda Costa , Marques Letícia Aparecida , Leonel Ellen Cristina Rivas , Junior Stanislau Bogusz , Campos Silvana Gisele Pegorin , Rahal Paula , Taboga Sebastião Roberto , Calmon Marilia Freitas , Vilamaior Patrícia Simone Leite
Published: December 2024

Background

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease linked to the hormonal imbalance that occurs during aging and over the last decades, complementary and alternative medicines have come on the scene as a treatment option for BPH, such as herbal medicines. Coconut oil has been shown to be capable of interfering in testosterone‐induced BPH. However, until now there is no study of the effect of coconut oil during aging. The present study evaluated the effect of the intake of coconut oil on the prostate of aging gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

Methods

Two experimental groups were assigned: Gavage control (GC—animals subjected to gavage with water for 1 year, n = 11) and coconut oil (CO—animals subjected to gavage with coconut oil for 1 year, n = 11). Testosterone, and estradiol serum levels were determined by ELISA assay and histopathological analysis employed Hematoxylin–Eosin. Cell proliferation index was determined by PHH3 immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay and receptors of androgen (AR) and estrogen (ERα and ERβ) were evaluated on the prostate.

Results

The CO group exhibited a lower prostate weight (↓16.62%), decreased thickness of the prostate muscle stroma (↓18.27%), reduced expression of both AR (↓51.32) and ERα (↓14.26%) and reduced the percentage of BPH (↓1.53%) and intraepithelial neoplasms in the prostate (↓14.24%). Coconut oil intake mitigated age‐related changes and increased the rate of apoptosis in prostatic cells (↑54.32).

Conclusions

Coconut oil treatment throughout aging helped counteract the negative effects of aging on prostate health.
‘I am Here to Peidu’: Children's Education as a Motive for Women's Return Migration
Authors: Gao Yueyue , Adaawen Stephen , Haartsen Tialda
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the relationship between children's education and return migration patterns among Chinese migrant women through the practice of peidu (accompanying children during their studies). Drawing on in‐depth interviews with 11 mothers aged 30–55 and participant observations in Qianshan, we examined how and why migrant women shape their return migration decisions around their children's education. Our research is contextualised within the existing literature on circular migration, structural constraints, upward social mobility, and the challenges faced by both transnational and internal peidu mothers. The findings reveal that mothers' primary motivation for returning is their aspiration to enhance their children's life opportunities through education. We observed an intergenerational shift in parenting approaches, with peidu evolving from accompanying children through senior high school to supporting younger children's education, reflecting changing childcare norms in China. The study also highlights how internal peidu mothers navigate emotional pressures while balancing full‐time employment with childcare responsibilities and how their access to family support varies depending on their proximity to schools versus family networks. The post‐peidu period frequently triggers thoughts of spousal reunion, which can occasionally lead to renewed outmigration, suggesting that educational accompaniment plays a significant role in shaping circular migration patterns.
Density Dependence of the Phases of the v = 1 Integer Quantum Hall Plateau in Low Disorder Electron Gases
Authors: Huang Haoyun , Hussain Waseem , Myers Sean A. , Pfeiffer Loren N. , West Ken W. , Baldwin Kirk W. , Csáthy Gábor A.
Published: December 2024

Recent magnetotransport measurements in low‐disorder electron systems confined to GaAs/AlGaAs samples reveal that the v = 1 integer quantum Hall plateau is broken into three distinct regions. These three regions are associated with two phases with different types of bulk localization: the Anderson insulator is due to random quasiparticle localization, and the integer quantum Hall Wigner solid is due to pinning of a stiff quasiparticle lattice. Universal properties of the v = 1 plateau are highlighted: the structure of the stability diagram, the nonmonotonic dependence of the activation energy on the filling factor, and the alignment of features of the activation energy with features of the stability regions of the different phases are found to be similar in three samples spanning a wide range of electron densities. Quantitative differences between the samples are also discussed, such as the dependence of the onset temperature and the activation energy of the integer quantum Hall Wigner solid on the electron density. The findings provide insights into the localization behavior along the v = 1 integer quantum Hall plateau in the low disorder regime.
Quetiapine co‐administration with fluvoxamine and duloxetine
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: December 2024

Atypical antipsychotics are frequently used in conjunction with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and selective norepinephrine/serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), but data on potential pharmacokinetic interactions between specific combinations are limited.
A New Hybrid Control Scheme for Tracking Control Problem of AUVs With System Uncertainties and External Disruptions
Authors: Chaudhary Km Shelly , Kumar Naveen
Published: December 2024

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are highly nonlinear, coupled, uncertain, and time‐varying mechatronic systems that inevitably suffer from uncertainties and environmental disturbances. This study presents an intelligent hybrid fractional‐order fast terminal sliding mode controller that utilizes the positive aspects of a model‐free control approach, designed to enhance the tracking control of AUVs. Using a nonlinear fractional‐order fast terminal sliding manifold, the proposed control approach integrates intelligent hybrid sliding mode control with fractional calculus to guarantee finite‐time convergence of system states and provide explicit settling time estimates. The nonlinear dynamics of the AUVs is modeled using radial basis function neural networks, while bound on uncertainties, external disturbances, and the reconstruction errors are accommodated by the adaptive compensator. By using a fast terminal‐type sliding mode reaching law, the controller exhibits enhanced transient response, resulting in robustness and finite‐time convergence of tracking errors. Using fractional‐order Barbalat's lemma and the Lyapunov technique, the stability of the control scheme is validated. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is validated by a numerical simulation study, which also shows enhanced trajectory tracking performance for AUVs over existing control schemes. This hybrid technique addresses the complicated nature of AUV dynamics in unpredictable circumstances by utilizing the advantages of model‐free intelligent control and fractional calculus.
Design and Control Method of a Coupled Loading–Damping Mechanism of Cable‐Detecting Robots for Large Bridges
Authors: Xu Fengyu , Ma Kaiwei , Zhou Yangru , Zhang Shuai , Song Julong , Fan Baojie , Jiang Quansheng
Published: December 2024

The climbing stability of cable‐detecting robots holds important significance for bridge detection. To improve the climbing stability of robots under cable vibration, a loading mechanism coupling variable stiffness and damping and a control method were proposed for robots. At first, aiming at the slip of cable‐detecting robots during climbing, the influences of cable vibration on the climbing stability of the robot and the damping mechanism of the variable‐stiffness and variable‐damping mechanism were assessed. Then, a new coupled loading mechanism was designed, and a mechanical model was established. The damping and stiffness were adjusted according to cable vibration, thus automatically adjusting the loading force of the robot. Afterwards, a fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control strategy was devised and PID parameters were adjusted in accordance with cable vibration, thereby dynamically adjusting the clamping force of the coupled loading mechanism. Finally, a laboratory vibration test platform was established to conduct experiments on the output force of the coupled loading mechanism and on the robot climbing under vibration. Experimental results show that the maximum fluctuation amplitude of the climbing speed of the proposed robot decreases to 0.018 m/s, and the speed stability improves by 78.9% at the cable‐vibration frequency of 10 Hz and amplitude of 4 mm, when compared with the original common helical‐spring loading mechanism.
The future of money — seen from above
Authors: Merfield Annaliese Milano
Published: December 2024

Santiago Mandirola's investment brochure describes a fictional world in which the collapse of the US dollar has transformed the global monetary landscape. This comment analyzes the brochure and its assumptions through the lens of the crypto community. It considers the highly centralized, technocratic vision of monetary governance put forth by the brochure against the crypto community's efforts to build decentralized, consensual alternatives to existing economic institutions. Highlighting crypto's engagement with issues such as inflation and distribution, the comment suggests that Mandirola's brochure overlooks important contemporary debates on economic governance and underestimates the growing significance of non‐state‐led monetary arrangements.
Austerity's implications: Parasitism and charity in an English village
Authors: Anyadike‐Danes Chima Michael
Published: December 2024

English political discourse has long featured accusations of parasitical behavior. In this article, I provide insight into how discussions of parasitism feature in English people's daily lives. Specifically, I discuss how more than a decade of austerity has informed perceptions of parasitical behavior. In exploring this, I make use of more than a dozen months of fieldwork conducted with residents of Lyon, a rural, postindustrial village in North East England. My specific focus is discussions of parasitism occurring in two fixtures of austerity‐era England: the food bank and the charity shop. After more than a decade of austerity, even those villagers volunteering at charity shops and food banks frequently engaged in conversations about parasitism. I draw on Michel Serres's scholarship on the parasite and place it in conversation with George Foster's various writings on the image of the limited good and the static economy to explain why this occurred. I suggest that the development of a worldview informed by a sense of limited good has encouraged beliefs about parasitism's contemporary prevalence.
Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Bridge Positions for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Propylene Under Visible Light Illumination
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , Chen Yizheng , Xie Xiangjing , Song Ting
Published: December 2024

The use of sunlight to convert CO2 into multi‐carbon fuels, particularly propylene, is considered a sustainable carbon cycle pathway, but propylene requires a multi‐electron‐coupled proton reaction process that has not been reported. Herein, two covalent organic frameworks (DA‐COF and DP‐COF) are prepared by varying the bridging positions of anthraquinone conjugated units. The experimental results show that the neighbouring bridge in DA‐COF forms a unique cleavage structure like an enzyme catalyst, which can provide an efficient microenvironment for the reduction reaction to trap protons. At the same time, the neighbor bridging in DA‐COF can form an electron donor‐electron acceptor structure to accelerate the photogenerated carrier migration. As a result, DA‐COF exhibits excellent visible light propylene production with a yield of 270.54 µmol g−1 and no C₃H₆ product is detected by the DP‐COF during the reduction process. This study presents a novel avenue for the production of high value‐added multi‐carbon products using photocatalysis.
Spatially Confined Construction of Ultrasmall Pd Clusters Within Nitro‐Bonded Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Alkyne Semihydrogenation
Authors: Ma Xujiao , Zhang Zhong , Zhao Die , Peng Jiahui , Xing Songzhu , Huang Rui , Li Shujun , Ma Nana , Liu Yiwei
Published: December 2024

Confinement of metal species in porous supports is an effective strategy to optimize hydrogenation performance ascribing to tunable nanopore environments. However, only focusing on the electronic structure modulation for metal species has limited the design of improved catalysts. Herein, spatial confinement strategy is reported for constructing ultrasmall metal clusters in nitro‐bonded COF (M@TpPa‐NO2, M = Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Ir). Thereinto, Pd@TpPa‐NO2 can achieve efficient co‐catalytic alkyne semi‐hydrogenation by the organic nitro units and the Pd clusters, with an outstanding phenylacetylene hydrogenation activity of TOF = 13756 h−1 and a high 94% styrene selectivity under 25 °C and 1 bar H2. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations confirm that the H2 dissociation occurs at Pd clusters and the nitro groups accept spilled H atoms for subsequent semi‐hydrogenation. The facile styrene desorption from TpPa‐NO2 support contributes to a high semi‐hydrogenation selectivity. This work provides new perspectives for designing efficient catalysts with overcoming the activity–selectivity trade‐off in selective hydrogenation reactions.
Tailorable Ionic Frameworks for Selective Gas Adsorption and Separation: Bridging Experimental Insights with Mechanistic Understanding
Authors: Xuan Luyun , Wang Hongxue , Wei Mingfeng , Li Bao , Wu Lixin
Published: December 2024

The selective adsorption and separation of gases using solid adsorbents represent a crucial method for the treatment of toxic gases and the preparation of high‐purity gases. The interaction forces between gas molecules and solid adsorbents are influenced by various factors, making precise design of adsorbents to achieve specific gas adsorption a pressing issue that requires urgent attention. In this study, a series of ionic frameworks constructed from Na+ and polyoxometalates (POMs) have been constructed through ionic interactions, and possess multiple adjustable parameters. These frameworks exhibit 3D open channels and demonstrate excellent thermal, humidity, and solvent stability. The synthesized ionic frameworks show strong adsorption capabilities for polar gas molecules such as SO2 and NH3, while exhibiting negligible adsorption for nonpolar or weakly polar gases like CO, O2, CH4, N2, and H2, thereby highlighting their significant gas selectivity. Theoretical calculations reveal that the interaction strength between the ionic frameworks and the polar gases is substantially stronger than that for other gaseous species, corroborating the experimental findings. This research not only provides a series of effective absorbents for polar gases but also elucidates key influencing factors on gas adsorption process, thereby inspiring new directions in the development of innovative gas adsorbents.
Neural Networks‐Based Software Development Effort Estimation: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Boujida Fatima Ezzahra , Amazal Fatima Azzahra , Idri Ali
Published: December 2024

Software development effort estimation (SDEE) is a key task in managing software projects. Among the existing SDEE models, artificial neural networks (ANN) have garnered considerable attention from the software engineering community because of their ability to learn from previous data and yield acceptable estimates. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no systematic literature review (SLR) has been carried out with focus on the use of ANNs in SDEE. This work aims to analyze ANN‐based SDEE studies from five view‐points: estimation accuracy, accuracy comparison, estimation context, impact of combining ANN‐based SDEE models with other techniques, and ANNs parameters. To find relevant ANN‐based SDEE studies, we carried out an automated search using four electronic databases. The quality of the relevant papers was assessed to determine the set of papers to include in our review. We identified 65 papers published in the period 1993–2023 with acceptable quality score. The results of our systematic review revealed that ANN‐based SDEE models perform better than 11 machine learning (ML) and non‐ML SDEE models. Further, the estimation accuracy is improved when neural networks are used in combination with other techniques such as fuzzy clustering techniques. This study found that the use of ANN models in SDEE is promising to get accurate estimates. However, the application of ANN models in industry is still limited. Therefore, it is recommended that practitioners cooperate with researchers to encourage and facilitate the application of ANN models in industry.
The Utility of Critical Systems Practice: A Supply Chain Practitioner Perspective
Authors: Wilden Daniell , Hopkins John , Sadler Ian
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the application of critical systems practice (CSP) in the context of supply chain management to address disruptions caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study examined the theoretical application of CSP to a real‐world food supply chain case, reviewing how systems thinking can enhance resilience by addressing systemic issues. The case analysis reveals the tactical approaches taken in response to the disruptive effects caused by the pandemic. A causal analysis reveals the presence of unreconciled elements, for example, a lack of inventory transparency between firms, classified as unresolved systemic issues that negatively affect the ability of the wider supply chain to manage the discontinuity of the supply chain. A conceptual framework and retrospective theoretical application articulate CSP's utility in addressing unreconciled systemic issues. This paper is one of the first applications of CSP in a supply chain context, providing a novel lens for examining resilience. Limitations include the research approach (retrospection), with further longitudinal studies, suggested to empirically assess the conceptual framework postulated in this paper.
Analysis and Simulation Research on Static Softening Mechanism Following Multistage Hot Deformation of 1.3 GPa Grade Bulb Flat Steel
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Ziqi , Wang Fuxing , Yu Hao
Published: December 2024

In this study, the flow stress behavior of 1.3 GPa grade bulb flat steel (BFS) is studied under different deformation temperature and strain rate using the Gleeble‐3800 thermomechanical simulator, and the Arrhenius‐type constitutive equation is established. A static recrystallization kinetics model of 1.3 GPa grade BFS is established based on double‐pass hot compression tests. The established constitutive equation and static recrystallization kinetics model are embedded into the finite‐element model of the hot‐rolling process, and the static recrystallization and residual stress distribution between each pass are analyzed. In the results, it is indicated that static softening happens rapidly after the end of the pass, and then the speed gradually slows down. Reasonably controlling the interval time between each pass helps to fully utilize the effect of static softening relaxation residual stress. After the K12–K8 and K7–K2 passes, the rolled pieces can undergo fully static recrystallization after being heated for 5 and 8–11 s, respectively, eliminating residual stresses during hot rolling and reducing the impact on plate shape. The results give data support for the optimization of the hot‐rolling process of 1.3 GPa grade BFS. It provides a new way to control the shape accuracy of hot‐rolling‐section steel.
Sustainable strategies for sea locks: An LCA study on reinforcement corrosion prevention methods
Authors: Cassiani Hernandez Juan Daniel , Rahimi Amir , Wünsch Julia , Freitag Nancy , Klessing Vincent , Kessler Sylvia
Published: December 2024

Waterway structures' planning, construction, and maintenance demand an intricate balance between technical excellence, durability, cost‐effectiveness, and other sustainability criteria, like ecological aspects. This study focuses on sea locks, which are crucial for coping with water level differences and ensuring smooth shipping. Sea lock structures, requiring high durability, pose challenges regarding environmental impacts, resource conservation, and social considerations. To address these challenges, this study compares three design approaches for sea locks over a target service life of 100 years: Conventional (including repair measures by replacing parts of the structural element), as well as preventive measures by using stainless steel and Cathodic Protection (ICCP) with both preventive (ICCP A) and reactive (ICCP B) approaches. The analysis reveals that major repairs significantly escalate environmental impacts and life cycle costs of reinforced concrete sea locks. Cement and steel manufacturing emerge as major contributors to environmental burdens, emphasizing the need for reduction measures. The preventive ICCP A method shows promise in reducing environmental footprints while keeping construction costs relatively low, although ongoing maintenance is required. The choice of stainless steel type significantly influences environmental impacts, highlighting the importance of lifecycle considerations. Multicriteria decision‐making aids in selecting the most balanced option based on stakeholder preferences, with sensitivity analysis proving beneficial. Incorporating weighing factors into tender processes could optimize decision‐making, while social indicators should be integrated into future assessments. Overall, this study sheds light on the complexities of balancing durability and sustainability in waterway structures, providing valuable insights for future planning and decision‐making.
A study of sheep scab in Northern Ireland including detection and identifying barriers to control
Authors: Crawford Paul , Verner Sharon , Strain Sam , Adenuga Adewale Henry , Aubry Aurélie , Burgess Stewart
Published: December 2024

Background

Sheep scab, caused by the highly infectious Psoroptes ovis mite, is considered to be endemic in Northern Ireland, although little investigation has been reported. A pilot project was undertaken to engage farmers, confirm cases with diagnostic methods and identify specific barriers to control, with the aim of informing future control programmes.

Methods

Through farmers self‐reporting suspected outbreaks, on‐farm risk assessments and clinical investigations were carried out by the farm's veterinary surgeon, who utilised light microscopy and serological testing to diagnose scab. Treatment was then provided and where macrocyclic lactones (MLs) were utilised, follow‐up testing was attempted.

Results

Sheep scab was identified in 60 flocks across all six counties of Northern Ireland. Serological testing proved essential in uncovering scab infestation where light microscopy failed to identify mites, or where no suitable lesions existed to scrape. Where MLs were used, follow‐up was incomplete. Furthermore, four of six resampled flocks still showed a positive result. Barriers to better scab control included poor quarantine arrangements and preventative treatment strategies that ultimately proved ineffective.

Conclusions

The project demonstrated that farmers were willing to engage in control efforts, they appreciated the support provided in managing outbreaks and they recognised the need for a coordinated effort to control scab. Greater awareness of biosecurity is needed among farmers. Facilitation of farmer‐driven scab control activities is urgently needed, alongside greater understanding of the scale of the disease and the impact that ML treatment failure can have on scab dissemination through the national Northern Ireland flock.
State Labour Control and Women’s Resistance in Austro-Hungarian Transylvania Tobacco Manufacturing (1897–1918)
Authors: Ghiț Alexandra
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores women’s labour activism and labour organising practices in Austria-Hungary, with a focus on two major labour conflicts, in 1897 and 1911, in the state tobacco factory in the Transylvanian city of Kolozsvár/Cluj Napoca/Klausenburg. In Europe, Hungary was a key producer of tobacco leaf but it exported little beyond Austria; most of its finished products were destined for internal consumption. Since the end of the nineteenth century, numerous new tobacco manufactories had been established in Hungary by the state tobacco monopoly organisation. During this era, women tobacco workers became more willing to engage in labour conflicts and had stronger links than before with the regional and national labour movement. The chapter documents their labour activism—rooted in their gendered experiences as low-paid women workers—and shows how their demands were countered and neutralised through site-specific forms of paternalistic benefits alongside discipline and control. The chapter shows that the labour activism of the women workers in Transylvania was closely linked to processes of capital accumulation as well as the social and political movements developing in Austria-Hungary after the 1890s. It demonstrates how the state tobacco factory became increasingly less a site for negotiation and rather one of confrontation that met with hard-line employer retribution, and that this reconfiguration ultimately weakened Kolozsvár tobacco women’s organising.
Introduction: Collective Memory, Marginality, and Spatial Politics in Urban Indonesia
Authors: Budiman Manneke , Kusno Abidin
Published: December 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the urban turn in the social sciences and humanities in Indonesia, and how it has been influenced by and contributing to the currents of thoughts in postcolonial urban studies. It outlines the mission of the research program represented by the book that is to contribute from the perspective of humanities to the field of Indonesian urban studies, which has largely been dominated by social sciences. It discusses such a contribution by introducing issues covered by each chapter in the book and shows how they are tied together by the theme of “collective memory, marginality, and spatial politics” that is central to Indonesian urban studies.
The Mobility of Orkes Dangdut Gerobak in the Urban Space: Commodification of Female Sexuality and Patriarchal Capitalism
Authors: Munir Muhammad Syahrul , Gietty Tambunan Shuri Mariasih
Published: December 2024

This research discusses the phenomenon of orkes dangdut gerobak (cartwheeled dangdut orchestra), whose meanings have been constructed by mainstream media to be associated with eroticism, sexual harassment, and criminality. According to the mainstream paradigm, goyangan (dance movement) in dangdut tends to be understood as an activity contributing to male dominance over women. This chapter aims to analyze the representation of patriarchal capitalism in several online media writings regarding orkes dangdut gerobak. The results reveal that the narrations constructed by online media are not similar to the everyday narratives of the orkes dangdut gerobak as represented by the group Orkes Selvina. Moreover, the research findings uncover that city officials interpret the governmentality of the repressive and rigid local regulations of the Special Capital Region (DKI) of Jakarta in a flexible and fluid manner.
Gangsters, Music, and Aremania: Modernity and the Dynamics of Arek Malang to Defend their Existence (1970–2000)
Authors: Maulida Faishal Hilmy
Published: December 2024

The 30-year period of 1970 to 2000 in Malang, East Java, was characterized by the self-actualization of the local residents in the form of Arek Malang, a cultural identity that encompassed elements of gangster and rock music culture until Aremania, the Arema FC supporters, superseded it as a form of self-actualization. This study aims to analyze the influence of modernity and the dynamics of Arek Malang to defend their existence during that period. This research contributes to local history in the contemporary era, particularly research about gangsters, music, and football fans. It also attempts to account for why this phenomenon developed in Malang, a renowned cosmopolitan city of the early twentieth century characterized by quests to form cross-cultural conceptions of the self and community (and proto-nationalist) among local politicians, artists, and Chinese and Indonesian populations.
Poverty, Criminality, and Prostitution: Impacts of the Development of Batam as an Industrial City (1971–1998)
Authors: Ahmad Anita , Pradjoko Didik
Published: December 2024

In 1971, under a presidential decree, Batam was designated an industrial area, and implementing the 1971 development plan resulted in Batam becoming an industrial city in the early 1980s. Its location was Batu Ampar, which is where economic activities and the population were concentrated. Following its growth as an industrial city, Batam attracted immigrants seeking employment. However, at the peak of its population, Batam experienced high unemployment rates and other social problems, which led to widespread poverty, illegal settlements, slums, crime, and prostitution. This study considers Batam’s urban social problems from 1971 to 1998 when the industrial city experienced its peak development. This study contributes to the expansion of the sociological study of urban societies in Southeast Asia, especially Indonesian urban historiography.
Lebesgue constants for the Walsh system and the discrepancy of the van der Corput sequence
Authors: Dick Josef , Pillichshammer Friedrich
Published: December 2024

In this short note, we report on a coincidence of two mathematical quantities that, at first glance, have little to do with each other. On the one hand, there are the Lebesgue constants of the Walsh function system that play an important role in approximation theory, and on the other hand, there is the star discrepancy of the van der Corput sequence that plays a prominent role in uniform distribution theory. Over the decades, these two quantities have been examined in great detail independently of each other and important results have been proven. Work in these areas has been carried out independently, but as we show here, they actually coincide. Interestingly, many theorems have been discovered in both areas independently, but some results have only been known in one area but not in the other.
On the scalability of truss geometry and topology optimization with global stability constraints via chordal decomposition
Authors: Weldeyesus Alemseged Gebrehiwot , Gondzio Jacek , Anjos Miguel F.
Published: December 2024

Geometry optimization was recently introduced to existing truss topology optimization with global stability constraints. The resulting problems are formulated as highly nonlinear semidefinite programming problems that demand extensive computational effort to solve and have been solved only for small problem instances. The main challenge for effective computation is the positive semidefinite constraints which involve large sparse matrices. In this paper, we apply several techniques to tackle the challenge. First, we use the well-known chordal decomposition approach to replace each positive semidefinite constraint on a large sparse matrix by several positive semidefinite constraints on smaller submatrices together with suitable linking constraints. Moreover, we further improve the efficiency of the decomposition by applying a graph-based clique merging strategy to combine submatrices with significant overlap. Next, we couple these techniques with an optimization algorithm that fully exploits the structure of the smaller submatrices. As a result, we can solve much larger problems, which allows us to extend the existing single-load case to the multiple-load case, and to provide a computationally tractable approach for the latter case. Finally, we employ adaptive strategies from previous studies to solve successive problem instances, enabling the joints to navigate larger regions, and ultimately obtain further improved designs. The efficiency of the overall approach is demonstrated via computational experiments on large problem instances.
Dermal penetration of 2-phenoxyethanol in humans: in vivo metabolism and toxicokinetics
Authors: Eckert Elisabeth , Jäger Thomas , Leibold Edgar , Bader Michael , Göen Thomas , Hiller Julia
Published: December 2024

2-Phenoxyethanol (PhE) is an amphiphilic organic compound frequently used as a broad-spectrum preservative in cosmetic products and other consumer goods. PhE is also used as a biocidal component in occupational settings. A previous volunteer study by our working group following oral exposure to PhE showed that PhE is almost completely taken up into the human body followed by an extensive metabolization and fast urinary elimination. However, with respect to the importance of transdermal uptake, we now conducted another volunteer study applying dermal PhE exposure: five volunteers were dermally exposed with 0.4 mg/kg body weight of PhE each on a specified 800 cm2 skin area using non-occlusive conditions. Subsequently, blood and urine samples were collected up to 48 h post-exposure. The present study illustrates the fast transdermal uptake of PhE. Following systemic resorption, PhE was extensively metabolized and rapidly eliminated in urine mainly in form of the metabolites PhAA (phenoxyacetic acid) and 4-OH-PhAA (4-hydroxyphenoxyacetic acid) accounting together for over 99% of the renally excreted PhE dose. The absolute urinary recovery rate of PhE was observed to be significantly lower following dermal exposure compared to oral uptake indicating a dermal resorption rate of PhE of about 45% in humans. The present study provides for the first time detailed insights into human biotransformation and toxicokinetics of PhE after dermal exposure, thus establishing a reliable strategy for human biomonitoring of PhE. The here presented results may thus be useful for further toxicokinetic modeling and forward dosimetry.
Remission induction therapies and long-term outcomes in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis: real-world data from a European cohort
Authors: Krämer Stefan , Vogt Kristian , Schreibing Theresa Maria , Busch Martin , Schmitt Tobias , Bergner Raoul , Mosberger Sebastian , Neumann Thomas , Rauen Thomas
Published: December 2024

To explore disease characteristics, renal involvement and induction treatment strategies over the last decades and evaluate relapse rates and renal outcomes in ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV). We retrospectively analyzed remission, relapse rates and the occurrence of the composite endpoint (comprising death and renal failure) in newly diagnosed AAV cases in four tertial referral centers in Germany and Switzerland diagnosed between 1999 and 2022. Hazard ratios were computed by Cox proportional hazard and Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted to compare therapeutic strategies after propensity-matching. In our cohort of 358 AAV patients, 203 (58.1%) were classified as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) based on the novel 2022 ACR/EULAR criteria, 139 (38.8%) as microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). The proportion of MPA cases among all AAV patients increased from 28.9% between 1999 and 2013 up to 46.7% thereafter. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) was chosen most frequently for remission induction (74.8% before 2013 and 57.3% thereafter), whereas the use of rituximab (RTX) increased from 5 to 26% within these periods. GPA patients had a higher relapse rate as compared to MPA patients (41.3% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.006). However, in AAV patients with renal involvement, renal events (i.e. end-stage kidney disease or a persistent drop in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 15 ml/min/1.73 m2) occurred more frequently in MPA patients, particularly under RTX treatment as compared to matched CYC counterparts (11.8% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.011). In our cohort, GPA patients exhibited frequent relapses, advocating for a more intense and extended treatment. MPA patients had lower relapse rates, however, RTX was less effective to prevent renal endpoints in MPA as compared to CYC, highlighting the need to further investigate additional treatment strategies.
Effects of macro vs. micro initialization and ocean initial-condition memory on the evolution of ensemble spread in the CESM2 large ensemble
Authors: Deser Clara , Kim Who M. , Wills Robert C. J. , Simpson Isla R. , Yeager Steve , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Rodgers Keith , Rosenbloom Nan
Published: December 2024

“Single Model initial-condition Large Ensembles” (SMILEs) conducted with Earth system models have transformed our ability to quantify internal climate variability and forced climate change at local and regional scales. An important consideration in their experimental design is the choice of initialization procedure as this influences the duration of initial-condition memory, with implications for interpreting the temporal evolution of both the ensemble-mean and ensemble-spread. Here we leverage the strategic design of the 100-member Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) SMILE to investigate the dependence of ensemble spread on the method of initialization (micro- vs. macro- perturbations) and the effects of ocean initial-condition memory. We find that the evolution of ensemble spread in 10-year low-pass filtered data is relatively insensitive to the method of initialization beyond the second decade, with the notable exception of the tropical Indo-Pacific in the 4th decade, when macro-initialization significantly enhances ensemble spread, possibly as a result of a state-dependent response to major volcanic activity. Initial-condition memory associated with the chosen Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) states unfolds in two stages: First, in the North Atlantic lasting 4–5 decades, and subsequently, in the Indo-Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean appearing 35-years after initialization and lasting 3–4 decades. Known AMOC dynamics explain the first stage, but the role of AMOC and the mechanisms responsible for the delayed appearance of initial-condition memory in the Southern Ocean remain to be fully elucidated. Implications and recommendations for the design of future SMILEs are provided.
Influence of biopsychosocial factors on a functionally delayed ageing process
Authors: Theis Susanne , Bitterlich Norman , Moser Mirjam , von Wolff Michael , Stute Petra
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Increasing life expectancy and rising populations create new challenges for science, economy, politics, society and each individual. The bio-functional status (BFS) as a theoretical model incorporates the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) and the concept of active and healthy ageing (AHA). This study addresses the question of which the strengths and resources have the greatest positive impact on bio-functional age (BFA) and might be influencable.

Methods

A monocenter, cross-sectional, observational, non-interventional trial was performed from 2012 to 2014 at Inselspital Bern to evaluate the BFS, a complex, generic, non-invasive, sex- and age-validated assessment tool. A standardized battery of assessments was performed on 464 females and 166 males, aged 18 to 65 years (n = 630). We aimed to statistically identify BFS items that might be influenceable to support healthy ageing and vitality.

Results

341 participants of the original cohort were included. After carrying out regression analysis, 10 parameters (T = 8.992; p < 0.001) remained as possible variables that can be influenced (R2 = 0.758). Of those identified parameters, one can be assigned to subcategory I of BFS (pulse performance index), two to II (tapping frequency part I and II), two to III (strategy building and verbal reaction time) and three to IV [sense of coherence, social potency, complaint questionnaire (BFB total)]. Age and sex, nevertheless, have an influence on the BFA and the BFA-Index.

Conclusion

The most promising approach to support vitality, is to support low social stress, high social integration, a good sense of coherence and maintaining a good mental and cognitive status.
Effects of postoperative physical exercise rehabilitation on cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity and quality of life in patients with colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Beyer Mailin , Bischoff Christian , Lässing Johannes , Gockel Ines , Falz Roberto
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and functional capacity following surgical procedures and during cancer treatments is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality among patients with cancer. We aimed to assess the impact of endurance and combined resistance exercise interventions during the postoperative rehabilitation period for patients with colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE Pubmed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until October 2023 for randomized controlled trials that assessed exercise interventions (aerobic/endurance; resistance or combined training) on postoperative patients with cancer. The trials evaluated the change in oxygen uptake (VO2max), six-minute walking distance (6MWD), quality of life (QoL), and fatigue.

Results

Twelve studies, including 1298 patients, were part of this systematic review, and ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. Postoperative exercise interventions led to improvements in CRF and functional capacity (VO2max: MD 1.46 ml/kg/min; 95%-CI 0.33, 2.58; p  = 0.01; 6MWD: MD 63.47 m; 95%-CI 28.18, 98.76; p = 0.0004, respectively) as well as QoL (0.91; 95%-CI 0.06, 1.76; p = 0.04). The quality of evidence was moderate to low.

Conclusion

Postoperative exercise interventions could effectively improve CRF, functional capacity and QoL as shown in this meta-analysis. However, there is a lack of high-quality trials with a higher number of participants examining the effects of postoperative exercise in patients with colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer. There is an obvious need for long-term, cancer-specific exercise therapies and their evaluation in cancer care.
Effect of D-amino acid metabolic enzyme deficiency on cancer development—diffuse large B-cell lymphoma onset and gene expression analyses in DASPO-knockout mice
Authors: Nakade Yusuke , Iwata Yasunori , Harada Kenichi , Sato Yasuharu , Mita Masashi , Hamase Kenji , Konno Ryuichi , Hayashi Mayo , Kobayashi Taku , Yamamura Yuta , Toyama Tadashi , Tajima Atsushi , Wada Takashi
Published: December 2024

The relationship between D-AA metabolic enzymes and cancer development remains unclear. We aimed to investigate this relationship using mice deficient in D-AA-related metabolic enzymes. We examined mice lacking these enzymes for approximately 900 days and the effects of altered D-AA metabolism on cancer development based on lifespan, pathological findings, and gene expression. The lifespan of female DASPO -knockout (DASPO−/−) mice was shorter than that of the other group mice; furthermore, these mice showed tumor-like masses in the liver, spleen, and small intestine. A pathological diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was made. RNA sequencing of the liver samples showed specific alterations in the expression of 71 genes in DASPO−/− mice compared with that in wild-type B6 mice; RGS 1, MTSS1, and SMARCD 1 were identified as DLBCL-related genes. Patients with DLBCL exhibiting low DASPO expression demonstrated a shorter survival period than those showing high expression. However, the role of DASPO in DLBCL development is unclear. Therefore, future research should focus on B cells. DASPO may serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer.

Graphical abstract
First recorded food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by enteroinvasive Escherichia coli serotype O8:H19 in Thailand
Authors: Okada Kazuhisa , Roobthaisong Amonrattana , Nakkarach Atchareeya , Hearn Suthida Muangnoicharoen , Saenharn Adirek , Naksen Lalada , Doung-Ngern Pawinee , Okada Pilailuk Akkapaiboon , Iida Tetsuya
Published: December 2024

An enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) outbreak affecting 154 individuals was identified among attendees at a wedding in Loei Province, Thailand. The median time to symptom onset was 18 h (range: 7–72 h). The epidemiological evidence suggested that larb-neua-dib (spicy minced raw beef salad) was the probable source of the outbreak. The O8:H19 isolates identified in this study closely resemble the O8:H19 strains from the United States and the United Kingdom, but not the O96:H19 strains from Europe. This is the first EIEC outbreak documented in Thailand. Complexities in identifying EIEC contribute to its underreporting.