bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Herbicide Resistances and Molecular Mechanisms Conferring Resistance in Missouri Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudisSauer) Populations
Authors: Schultz John L. , Chatham Laura A. , Riggins Chance W. , Tranel Patrick J. , Bradley Kevin W.
Published: January 2015

A survey of soybean fields containing waterhemp was conducted just prior to harvest in 2012 to determine the scope and extent of herbicide resistance and multiple herbicide resistances among a sample of Missouri waterhemp populations. Resistance was confirmed to glyphosate and to acetolactate synthase (ALS), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), photosystem II (PSII), and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, but not to 2,4-D. Of the 187 populations tested, 186 exhibited resistance to chlorimuron. The proportions of populations with atrazine or glyphosate resistance were similar, with 30 and 29% of the populations surviving the 3× rates. Lactofen resistance was observed in 5% of the populations, whereas mesotrione resistance was only found in 1.6% of the populations. All populations tested were susceptible to 2,4-D at the 3× rate. At least 52% of the waterhemp populations tested exhibited resistance to herbicides from two mechanism of action. Resistance to atrazine plus chlorimuron as well as glyphosate plus chlorimuron was present in 29% of the populations. Three-way resistance, primarily comprised of resistance to atrazine plus chlorimuron plus glyphosate, was present in 11% of the populations. Resistance to herbicides from four mechanisms of action was found in 2% of the populations, and one population exhibited resistance to herbicides from five mechanisms of action. DNA analysis of a subsample of plants revealed that previously documented mechanisms of resistance in waterhemp, including the ΔG210 deletion conferring PPO-inhibitor resistance, the Trp574Leu amino acid substitution conferring ALS-inhibitor resistance, and elevated 5-enolypyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase copy number and the Pro106Ser amino acid substitution resulting in glyphosate resistance, explained survival in many, but not all, instances. Atrazine resistance was not explained by the Ser264Gly D1 protein substitution. Overall, results from these experiments indicate that Missouri soybean fields contain waterhemp populations with resistance to glyphosate, ALS-, PPO-, PSII-, and HPPD-inhibiting herbicides, which are some of the most common mechanisms of action currently utilized for the control of this species in corn and soybean production systems. Additionally, these results indicate that slightly more than half of the populations tested exhibit resistance to more than one herbicide mechanisms of action. Managing the current resistance levels in existing populations is of utmost importance. The use of multiple, effective herbicide modes of action, both preemergence and postemergence, and the integration of optimum cultural and mechanical control practices will be vital in the management of Missouri waterhemp populations in the future.
Alectinib Induces a Durable (>15 Months) Complete Response in an ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient Who Progressed on Crizotinib With Diffuse Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius , Sommers Karen R. , Azada Michele C. , Garon Edward B.
Published: January 2015

This report describes a patient with ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer who developed diffuse leptomeningeal carcinomatosis as the only “site” of progression after a prolonged response to crizotinib and who has been treated successfully with a second-generation ALK inhibitor alone for >15 months.
The physical nature of thermal conduction in dry granular media
Authors: Nasirian A. , Cortes D. D. , Dai S.
Published: January 2015

This paper documents the results of a laboratory experimental study conducted to explore the relative contributions of phonon and electron heat conduction in an electrically conductive granular material under increasing confining stresses. The thermal conductivity of Ottawa sand under increasing confinement was also studied to offer a baseline for comparison. Simultaneous measurements of thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and p-wave velocity were used to develop a parallel conduction model capable of predicting the thermal conductivity of dry granular media. The results suggest that the thermal conductivity of dry granular media is governed by the stiffness of the packing, regardless of whether it is electrically conductive or not. Furthermore, p-wave velocity measurements can be used to estimate the thermal conductivity of electrically conductive (granular lead) and non-conductive (Ottawa sand) granular media.
Zoropelecinus zigrasi, a pelecinid wasp in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Grimaldi David A. , Ortega-Blanco Jaime
Published: January 2015

The proctotrupoid wasp family Pelecinidae (Proctotrupomorpha: Proctotrupoidea) is recorded in Early Cretaceous amber for the first time, previous amber inclusions being from the Late Cretaceous or Tertiary. Zoropelecinus zigrasi Engel & Grimaldi, new genus and species, is described and figured from an exquisitely preserved female in Albian-Cenomanian amber from Myanmar. The genus is similar to other fossil pelecinids of the genera Pelecinopteron Brues (Paleogene ambers of the Baltic and Siberia) and Henopelecinus Engel & Grimaldi (Turonian amber, New Jersey). Although two subfamilies have at times been recognized (or even as two families) the Iscopininae are clearly paraphyletic with respect to Pelecininae and therefore of no classificatory value and accordingly synonymized herein (new synonymy).
A fossil species of the primitive mymarid genus Borneomymar (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in Eocene Baltic amber
Authors: Engel Michael S. , McKellar Ryan C. , Huber John T.
Published: January 2015

A new fossil species of fairyfly (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) is described and figured from a well-preserved female in middle Eocene (Lutetian) Baltic amber as Borneomymar pankowskiorum Engel, McKellar, & Huber, new species.  This species represents the fourth genus from Baltic amber whose extant species now occur only in southeastern Asia, Australia and Madagascar.
Invasive prey indirectly increase predation on their native competitors
Authors: Castorani Max C. N. , Hovel Kevin A.
Published: January 2015

Ecological theory predicts that invasive prey can interact with native prey directly by competing for shared resources or indirectly by changing the abundance or behavior of shared native predators. However, both the study and management of invasive prey have historically overlooked indirect effects. In southern California estuaries, introduction of the Asian nest mussel Arcuatula senhousia has been linked to profound changes in native bivalve assemblages, but the mechanisms of these interactions remain unclear. We performed three field experiments to assess the mechanisms of competition between Arcuatula and native bivalves, and evaluated the potential for Arcuatula to indirectly mediate native predator–prey dynamics. We found that Arcuatula reduces the diversity, abundance, and size of native bivalve recruits by preemptively exploiting space in surface sediments. When paired with native shallow‐dwelling clams (Chione undatella and Laevicardium substriatum), Arcuatula reduces adult survival through overgrowth competition. However, Arcuatula also attracts native predators, causing apparent competition by indirectly increasing predation of native clams, especially for poorly defended species. Therefore, invasive prey can indirectly increase predation rates on native competitors by changing the behavior of shared native predators, but the magnitude of apparent competition strongly depends on the vulnerability of natives to predation. Interestingly, our results indicate that the vulnerability of invasive prey to predation can greatly exacerbate impacts on their native competitors. Our findings suggest that consideration of both direct and indirect effects of invasive prey, as well as native predator–prey relationships, should lead to more effective invasive species management.
Psychometric Testing of the Modified Reminiscence Functions Scale
Authors: Shellman Juliette M. , Zhang Danjie
Published: January 2015

Background and Purpose: The Modified Reminiscence Functions Scale (MRFS) measures the patterns and functions of reminiscence. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of the MRFS in a sample of community-dwelling Black adults. Methods: A convenience sample (N= 335) of Black adults from the Northeast completed the 39-item MRFS. Seven- and 8-factor models were evaluated given the uncertainty regarding the number of factors in previous reminiscence research. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis established validity of the 7-factor model (relative chi-square [χ2/df] = 1.9, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = .919, comparative fit index [CFI] = .929, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .05). Reliability of the subscales ranged from .64 to .90. Conclusions: The MRFS is a reliable and valid measure of reminiscence patterns and functions in Black adults with similar characteristics.
A revision of Xinjiangchelys oshanensis (Ye, 1973), and new material from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Tong Haiyan , Dong Zhiming , Wang Tao
Published: January 2015

Xinjiangchelys oshanensis (Ye, 1973) was originally described as Plesiochelys oshanensisYe, 1973 from the Jurassic Upper Lufeng series of Eshan, Yunnan Province, China. The species was based on a single specimen (IVPP V4444), a damaged shell with articulated carapace and plastron. This species was later referred to as Xinjiangchelys? oshanensis and X. oshanensis respectively, but has never been revised and often overlooked in the studies of Asian Mesozoic turtles. In this paper, we provide the systematic revision of X. oshanensis (Ye, 1973) after new restoration of the specimen. Five additional shells from the Middle Jurassic Chuanjie Formation of Lufeng, Yunnan Province, China are referred to this species. Our study confirms the validity of the species and its assignment to the genus Xinjiangchelys. The study of the new material completes the shell morphology of X. oshanensis and provides additional information about its age.
SPE Annual Conference Highlights Global Challenge of Energy Sustainability
Authors: Henni Abdelghani , Rassenfoss Stephen , Parshall Joel , Jacobs Trent , Donnelly John , Wilson Adam
Published: January 2015

Conference Review - 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

More than 7,500 oil and gas professionals and 350 exhibitors gathered for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE) on 27–29 October in Amsterdam, the second time the conference has been held outside the United States.

“This year’s ATCE offered nearly 400 peer-selected technical papers representing all six SPE disciplines,” said Jeff Spath, 2014 SPE President. “Gathering here in Amsterdam provided a global perspective reflecting SPE’s success with its growing membership, increased technical content, and strong financial performance.”

Opening Session

At ATCE’s opening general session, panelists from ExxonMobil, the International Energy Agency (IEA), Pemex Exploration and Production, and Technip discussed the multidimensional challenge of providing and sustaining affordable energy for the world.

Asked about the single biggest challenge faced by the industry in the provision of affordable energy, panelist Neil Duffin, president of Exxon- Mobil Development Company, said the increasing capital intensity of projects is challenging the ability to bring in projects on time and on budget while using capital efficiently.

Chris Beeson, a senior energy analyst at IEA, discussed that challenge at different levels: for individuals, countries, the world economy, and the planet. “We should always remember that there are currently more than 1.3 billion people in the world without access to modern energy sources,” he said. It will take a continued international commitment to address this, he said.

Some countries are paying more than others for energy, which affects their competitiveness and need to become more efficient. For the world economy, the key question is “what level of potential costs or prices can (it) support without going into … a bigger downturn than currently?” Beeson said. “And finally, we should not forget the issue of climate change, which is a big question of whether the planet can afford (its) energy.”

Gustavo Hernandez, general director and chief executive officer (CEO) of Pemex Exploration and Production, said that the biggest challenge for providing affordable energy is “meeting demand growth in a sustainable way.” The Mexican government’s framework for stable, secure, and environmentally sustainable energy is “what people have called the triple dilemma,” he noted.
EBPR Using Crude Glycerol: Assessing Process Resiliency and Exploring Metabolic Anomalies
Authors: Coats Erik R. , Dobroth Zachary T. , Brinkman Cynthia K.
Published: January 2015

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is predicated on exposing bacteria to cyclical anaerobic/aerobic environments while providing volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Combined, this environment enriches for phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) and induces metabolisms to ensure excess phosphorus removal. Crude glycerol (CG), a byproduct of biodiesel manufacturing, is an alternate waste stream that could be substituted to achieve excess phosphorus removal; research into the use of CG yielded unexpected findings. While CG was an excellent substrate to accomplish and/or help achieve excess phosphorus removal, CG‐fed bacteria did not consistently exhibit theoretical EBPR metabolisms. Specifically, anaerobic phosphorus release was not required for successful EBPR; however, carbon cycling patterns were consistent with theory. Analysis of results suggests that PAOs will first leverage carbon to generate energy anaerobically; only as needed will the bacteria utilize polyphosphate reserves anaerobically. Results also demonstrated that excess phosphorus removal can be achieved with a small fraction of PAOs.
Cytotoxic Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Human Gingival Fibroblasts In Vitro
Authors: Furukawa M , K-Kaneyama Jr , Yamada M , Senda A , Manabe A , Miyazaki A
Published: January 2015

In-office bleaching is a popular treatment in modern esthetic dentistry. However, bleaching agents sometimes accidentally adhere to the gingiva and peripheral tissues, even when applied by well-trained dentists. This can lead to transient pain and whitish changes in the gingiva. Although these symptoms disappear within several hours, the effects of bleaching agents on gingiva have not been well described in the literature. The present study aimed to elucidate the cytotoxic effects of a bleaching agent on cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

We performed a comprehensive analysis of the toxic effects of in-office bleaching agents on gingiva using cultured HGFs and DNA microarray. Survival rates of HGFs decreased with increases in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, which became significant at concentrations of 1.5 × 10−3% or higher at every time point. Concentrations lower than 1.5 × 10−3% did not affect survival rates of HGFs. Cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide was significantly weakened by the addition of vitamin E. Stimulation by in-office bleaching agents triggered the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α cascade in gingival fibroblasts. As the TNF-α cascade can be inhibited by vitamin E additives, treatment with vitamin E may protect gingival fibroblasts against the toxic effects of an in-office bleaching agent.

The present results suggest that local administration of vitamin E to gingiva before in-office bleaching may be useful for preventing gingival irritation due to accidental adhesion of a bleaching agent.
Reestablishing Biology, Function, and Esthetics for Fractured, Immature Incisors
Authors: Pini NIP , Nagata JY , Sundfeld-Neto D , Correr-Sobrinho L , Soares AdJ , Aguiar FHB , Lima DANL
Published: January 2015

A seven-year-old boy with enamel-dentin fractures on both maxillary central incisors presented to the Piracicaba Dental School–UNICAMP seven days after the trauma. At the clinical evaluation, there were no clinical signs of pulp exposure, neither tooth was mobile, and both affected teeth presented a positive response to sensitivity tests and a negative response for percussion and palpation. The radiographic examination showed an undeveloped root and opened apex for both teeth. Indirect pulp capping was performed on the left maxillary central incisor, followed by a direct restoration. After one month, the patient complained of pain in the left central incisor, which responded negatively to sensitivity testing. Pulp revascularization was performed only on this tooth and was followed for 18 months. During this period, the left maxillary central incisor did not recover sensitivity, although radiographic examination showed apical closure, a slight increase in root length, and the formation of a mineralized barrier between the root canal and sealing material. The technique achieved its goal of restoring biological aspects, function, and esthetics of traumatized teeth when using this multidisciplinary approach.
Does MAP2 have a Role in Predicting the Development of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis Associated with Benign Ovarian Teratoma? A Report of Six New Pediatric Cases
Authors: Cundiff Caitlin A. , Elawabdeh Nancy , Naguib Mina M. , Jactel Samuel N. , El Demellawy Dina , Abramowsky Carlos R. , Durham Megan M. , Youssef Lara , Wittkamp Michael L. , Shehata Bahig M.
Published: January 2015

Anti- N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a potentially fatal neurologic syndrome in which patients present with a spectrum of central nervous system deficits. Sixty percent of the cases can be attributed to the presence of tumors, most often ovarian teratomas. This report examines 6 pediatric patients who presented with neurologic deficits associated with the presence of such tumors. These cases illustrate a perplexing phenomenon, where benign teratomas could have a possible association with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The purpose of this study was to compare the histology and immunohistochemistry of tumors associated with this syndrome to ovarian teratomas found in patients presenting with no neurologic symptoms. After obtaining institutional review board approval, 57 cases of ovarian teratomas were identified at our institution over 12 years. Six patients were identified with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. A panel of immunostains, including S100, GFAP, MAP2, and NeuN was applied to patients' tumor sections as well as the 6 controls from age-matched patients. No qualitative histologic or immunohistochemical differences were seen between the study cases and control group. Because no qualitative differences were identified between the study cases and the control group, testing of paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid remains the best method for diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Tumor banking with molecular analysis of ovarian teratomas, including whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic hybridization between ovarian tissue saved from patients with and without anti-NMDAR encephalitis, is necessary to fully understand the etiopathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
Safety Risk Management In Large Scale Engineering Based On Model Predictive Control
Authors: Jianfeng Qiao
Published: January 2015

Safety risk during the construction of a Large Scale Engineering (LSE) project can be avoided through safety education, following a correct procedure and using an engineering method. In order to ensure that LSE works in a safe state, some parameters need to be restricted to a certain range. Besides, in order to apply the former control for the predictive values, a Model Predictive Control (MPC) theory is suggested to be used for safety risk controlling. We share a MPC work flow and detail calculation steps of the rolling optimization, feedback correlation and constraint control, and a mean time gradient decent method is used during the optimization calculation iteration steps. At the end, regarding the resource allocation issue in the ship-lift engineering construction area of “Three Gorges” we verify how MPC works; and the numeric results show MPC’s efficiency. We can see that MPC might have important future in safety risk management of LSE, because as long as the model can be predictive, regardless of an accurate mathematical model of the system, MPC can control a dynamic and uncertain system very well, which is also a characteristic of the safety risk of LSE.
Research Of Two Class Confidence Classification Based On One Class Classifier
Authors: Fangchun Jiang , Shengfeng Tian
Published: January 2015

To have simple and efficient confidence machine learning is an important focus in confidence machine researches. Using one class classifier as a tool, the paper applies it twice for two-class classification problems. Setting reject options and a multi-layer ensemble learning method are used in this study. In this method there is no necessity to set up a specific threshold and the confidence computation is omitted. Realizing five experiments, the study proves it as efficient.
Knowledge Acquisition Approach Based On Svm In An Online Aided Decision System For Food Processing Quality And Safety
Authors: Peng Liu , Wen Liu , Li Yang , Qiang Li , Min Duan , Yue Dai
Published: January 2015

In connection with the problem that the food processing information system is poor due to the absence of knowledge acquisition and a knowledge selfupdating function, a knowledge acquisition approach, based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM) is proposed. First, the approach establishes a set of predicted samples for the relationship between the food processing parameters and product quality; then it uses discretization of the continuous attributes, attributes reduction and a rule extraction algorithm of SVM to automatically acquire predicted knowledge from a large number of predicted sample sets. After that it saves the predicted knowledge in the knowledge base of an expert system; finally, the method realizes extraction of the knowledge about the food processing process based on the inference engine, which greatly enhances the efficiency and applicability of the acquired knowledge in an online aided decision system of food processing quality and safety.
Homogeneous Magnetic Field Source For Attenuated Total Reflection
Authors: Lesňák Michal , Staněk František , Pištora Jaromír , Procházka Jan
Published: January 2015

The paper is focused on the study of two-dimensional magnetic field distribution used for an analysis of samples containing magnetically active films by means of the Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) method. The design of a proposed electromagnet and the magnetic field model computation are presented together with the results obtained from magnetic field distribution measurement. The ATR method can provide information about a thin film thickness, refractive index, and attenuation in addition to the perfunctory coupling of an optical wave into and off a waveguide [1, 2]. The prism coupling conditions are determined for magnetic structures with induced anisotropy.

The prism - a film coupler is located in the central cavity of a magnetic yoke. By current switching in the coils, we can change the amplitude and magnetic field direction in order to modulate the induced anisotropy in a thin film with magnetic ordering. By the in-plane modulation of the magnetization direction in the samples, we can change the rotation and elasticity of outgoing light.
Maximal subsemigroups containing a particular semigroup
Authors: Koppitz Jörg , Musunthia Tiwadee
Published: January 2015

We characterize maximal subsemigroups of the monoid T(X) of all transformations on the set X = ℕ of natural numbers containing a given subsemigroup W of T(X) such that T(X) is finitely generated over W. This paper gives a contribution to the characterization of maximal subsemigroups on the monoid of all transformations on an infinite set.
Some new results for the multivariable Humbert polynomials
Authors: Aktaş Rabıa
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we present some miscellaneous properties of the multivariable Humbert polynomials whose special cases include some well-known multivariable polynomials such as Chan-Chyan-Srivastava, Lagrange-Hermite and Erkus-Srivastava multivariable polynomials. We give recurrence relations, addition formula and integral representation for them. Then, we obtain some partial differential equations for the products of the multivariable Humbert polynomials and some other multivariable polynomials. Furthermore, some special cases of the results presented in this study are also indicated.
“Die hart ’n droë blaar”: Verlies, rou en melancholie in Olga Kirsch se Afrikaanse poësie / “The heart a dry leaf”: Loss, Mourning and Melancholia in Olga Kirsch’s Afrikaans Poetry
Authors: Viljoen Louise
Published: January 2015

Reading Olga Kirsch’s Afrikaans poetry, one is struck by the important role that the experience of loss occupies in her oeuvre. It is evident in the first two volumes of poetry she published while still living in South Africa, as well as in the five volumes she published after emigrating to Israel in 1948. Because her poetry, especially the volumes written in Israel, exudes an air of melancholy, this article uses Freud’s writings on loss, mourning and melancholia, as well as the historical tradition preceding his work, as a guideline in exploring the way in which the experience of loss, mourning and melancholy is portrayed in Kirsch’s oeuvre. The article focusses on the way in which loss is portrayed in her poetry: her sense that the Jewish experience of loss over the centuries forms part of her history and identity, the way in which she experiences the loss of South Africa and the language Afrikaans in which she is best able to express herself poetically when she emigrates to Israel, the way in which the loss of her father and mother at different times in her life affected her, her feeling that her experience of loss and the ensuing melancholy are carried over to her children.
Jan Greshoff se ‘aanval’ op Olga Kirsch as een van die hoofredes vir haar emigrasie: ’n Psigoanalitiese beskouing / Jan Greshoff’s ‘Attack’ on Olga Kirsch as One of the Main Causes of Her Emigration: A Psychoanalytical Point of View
Authors: Minnaar Thomas
Published: January 2015

The poet Olga Kirsch left South Africa permanently for Israel in 1948. It is evident from her poetry that her Zionism, opposition to the racism of the National Party and a failed love played a role in her decision. This article focuses on another reason - a public attack by the Dutch critic Jan Greshoff in an Afrikaans literary magazine in 1946. Using concepts from psychoanalytical theories around borderline and narcissistic personalities, as well as the effect of emigration, Kirsch’s actions are examined as a reaction to narcissistic wounding. Investigating Greshoff’s criticism gives insights into the poet’s actions and explains the hiatus before she started publishing again in Afrikaans from 1971. It is stated that the poet is not considered to be a narcissist as her oeuvre is a testimony to her empathy with others, but the healthy narcissism needed in building one’s self-esteem underwent a severe blow when Kirsch lost the man she loved and was humiliated so devastatingly by the great Dutch critic.
Olga Kirsch se posisie in die Afrikaanse literêre sisteem (1900-1978) / Olga Kirsch’s Position in the Afrikaans Literary System (1900-1978)
Authors: Senekal Burgert
Published: January 2015

Centrality and marginality are important concepts in polysystem theory, and also in network theory. This article examines Olga Kirsch’s position in the Afrikaans literary system by taking into account data spanning from 1900 to 1978. Overall centrality is discussed from the perspective of network theory and related to polysystem theory, and the concept is also applied to the literary system through the use of the Fruchterman and Reingold (1991) force-directed layout algorithm. It is indicated that Kirsch is positioned on the edge of the core or in the semicore, mainly because there are not so many people from the core who had paid attention to her works, but also because she, according to this data set, did not write on the works of others. It is also indicated which important critics, literary scholars and literary historians paid attention to her works, which contributes to her not being positioned on the periphery.
Nomadic Concepts
Authors: Surman Jan , Stráner Katalin , Haslinger Peter
Published: January 2015

This article introduces a collection of studies of biological concepts crossing over to other disciplines and nonscholarly discourses. The introduction discusses the notion of nomadic concepts as introduced by Isabelle Stengers and explores its usability for conceptual history. Compared to traveling (Mieke Bal) and interdisciplinary (Ernst Müller) concepts, the idea of nomadism shifts the attention from concepts themselves toward the mobility of a concept and its effects. The metaphor of nomadism, as outlined in the introduction, helps also to question the relation between concepts' movement and the production of boundaries. In this way conceptual history can profit from interaction with translation studies, where similar processes were recently discussed under the notion of cultural translation.
Pushing the Radical Nature Development Policy Concept in the Netherlands: An Agency Perspective
Authors: Verduijn Simon , Ploegmakers Huub , Meijerink Sander , Leroy Pieter
Published: January 2015

In the 1990s, Dutch nature policy adopted a new policy concept, ‘nature development', whereas, until then, ‘nature preservation’ had largely dominated both the discourses and practices of nature policy-making. Nature development can be regarded as the Dutch counterpart of concepts such as ecological restoration, emerging simultaneously in other national nature policies. This paper argues that the rise of the nature development concept in the Netherlands is mainly due to the entrepreneurial strategies of a relatively small group of individuals. To study the impact of the latter's entrepreneurial strategies on the adoption and implementation of the new concept, we first made a content analysis of nature-policy documents issued between 1977, when the concept of nature development was coined for the first time, and 2012. Next, we analysed newspaper articles covering the debate on Dutch nature policy. Third, we conducted semi-structured interviews with the key individuals involved. This article deliberately takes an agency perspective, emphasising the complementary roles that policy entrepreneurs played in the different phases of the policy change process, with concept developers, early adopters and translators, and early implementers. Their success is to be attributed to a smart combination of discursive and network strategies.
Naturalness or Biodiversity: Negotiating the Dilemma of Intervention in Swedish Protected Area Management
Authors: Steinwall Anders
Published: January 2015

Whether and how to intervene in nature to maintain or restore values is a contested issue among scholars within ecological restoration, protected area management and environmental ethics, but also among the practitioners and public officials who shape how nature is actually managed. This article analyses how the issue of intervention is debated in the case of protected forest area management in Sweden, a country with a traditionally strong preservationist discourse centred on maintaining areas as ‘untouched’ as possible. The analysis shows how this traditional view is challenged by a more interventionist discourse centred on adaptive management for biodiversity, but also how there are still attempts to reaffirm a preservationist discourse and practice. The implications of this as-yet-unsettled debate are discussed, concluding by pointing to a need to examine critically not only the older preservationist discourse and ‘naturalness', but also the ascendant interventionist discourse and ‘biodiversity'.
Mammary Tuberculosis : A Clinical Experience on 50 Cases
Authors: Khan Md Matiar Rahaman , Barua Anupam , Nuruddin Tarek Md , Abdur Rouf Md , Ahsanul Karim ASM , Bhuiyan Md Nur Hossain , Bhattacharjee Tapan , Nizamuddin Md
Published: January 2015

Mammary tuberculosis is a rare entity in western countries but a continuing problem in endemic areas like Bangladesh. Its clinical patterns and treatment strategies are changing day by day. In this study we showed our clinical experience on 50 cases of mammary tuberculosis. This is a prospective nonrandomized observational descriptive study. A total of 50 consecutive adult female patients with no other co morbid diseases and who were diagnosed cytologically or histologically as case of mammary tuberculosis were enrolled in the study over a period of 04 years since 2006 to 2010 in general surgical unit of Chittagong Medical College Hospital and Chittagong general hospital. The average ages of presentation were 38 years. Ten(20%) patients were lactating at the time of presentation and six(12%) patients were nulliparious. 40(80%) patients had breast lump at presentation. Among them 20(40%) presented with multiple sinuses with lump,10(20%) had abscess with lump,05(10%) had abscess drainage scar with underlying lump and 05(10%) presented with isolated breast lump. 06(12%) presented with multiple sinuses with abscess formation. Another 04(8%) patients had multiple sinuses only at presentation. Ten (20%) had constitutional symptoms in the form of fever, weight loss and night sweat. Twenty (40%) had axillary lymphaedenopathy in association with breast lesion. Diagnosis were confirmed by cytological and or histological findings of epitheloid granulomas.All patients were given antitubercular chemotherapy ( 9 months regimen) in combination with surgical intervention (45 out of 50 cases) as necessary in the form of excision of masses, incision and  drainage of abscess and sinectomy. Mammary tuberculosis is a continuing problem in developing countries. Presentation may mimic benign lesion or carcinoma of the breast. Diagnosis can be made on high index of suspicion in endemic areas. Cytological or histological findings of granulomatous inflammation consisting of caseation necrosis, epitheloid cell and Langhans giant cell can give definitive diagnosis. Treatment is by anti tubercular chemotherapy with or without surgical intervention where necessary.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i2.21063
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Cervical Disc Herniation: Comparison with Peroperative Findings
Authors: Morshed Tarannum , Haque Shahara , Awwal Md Abdul , Abedin Naffisa , Sultana Sadia
Published: January 2015

The present method comparison study was carried out in the Radiology and Imaging Department of Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka during the period of January 2012 to December 2013 to evaluate the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the diagnosis of cervical disc herniation. A total of 40 patients having clinical features of cervical disc herniation with neck pain referred to the Department of Radiology & Imaging for MRI of their cervical spine were included in the study. At first all the patients were evaluated by detail history and clinical examination with special emphasis on clinical features. Then subsequently MRI of cervical spine was performed in all cases. The MRI report was checked by a competent radiologist of the department of Radiology and imaging DMCH. Among these 40 patients 11 were operated in department of neurosurgery, DMCH and 29 were operated in spine surgery unit, Department of Orthopaedic, BSMMU, Dhaka. The MRI and peroperative findings of these 40 patients were analyzed for the study. MRI findings correlated well in most of the cases with preoperative findings. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis of cervical disc herniation were 94.12%, 83.33%, 96.97%, 71.43% and 92.5% respectively. Therefore it can be concluded that MRI may be used as a reliable tool with which we can assess the level, type and position of cervical disc herniation and can plan the subsequent appropriate management in majority of cases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i2.21071
Tumor Markers: Precision, Accuracy, Validity and Statistical Matters of Concern
Authors: Rahman Md Mahamudur , Haque Md Monoarul , Mian Md Mahmuduzzaman , Shahi Md Shah Jalalur Rahman
Published: January 2015

Tumor markers are often very helpful to diagnose, staging, treatment planning and following up of the cancer patients. But still deluge of tumor markers often presents an unethical excess laboratory experience of the patients which is neither helpful nor necessary. So this is the appropriate time to think again about the accuracy of the tests to measure the parameters without error, the precision of the tests to measure the parameter they intend to measure. Our acceptance or rejection of a tumor marker testing must be guided by statistical validity of the test with an appropriate and knowledge based cut-off value determination. Statistical  analysis of the tumor marker should be proportional to the empirical judgments of the clinicians. For the clinicians it is a duty to advise not only for all the tests needed for appropriate treatment but also advise only the tests those are direly needed. Otherwise tumor markers which should be an important weapon to fight against cancer will be another burden over the cancer patients. In this article we intended to focus on the technical and statistical side of different tumor marker test most concentrated around the breast cancer tumor markers. But still this review may be concerned relevant and universal for each and every cancer type and tumor markers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i2.21080
Health and Nutritional Profile of Working and Non-Working Slum Children
Authors: Haque Md Monoarul , Uddin A K M Majbah , Khan Md Zahid Hasan , Islam Khaleda
Published: January 2015

Background: The nutritional status of children does not only directly reflect the socioeconomic status of the family and social wellbeing of the community, but also the efficiency of the health care system, and the influence of the surrounding environment. Objective: The present study is an attempt to assess the health and nutritional profile of working and non working slum children in selected slum in Dhaka. Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study. The subjects were selected purposively. The study was conducted among 200 slum children in three slum area of Dhaka city. Anthropometric data such as height and weight of the study subjects were collected by using standard techniques. Nutritional status was measured according to WHO guideline. Result: Most of children came from around 12 year age group and male, female distribution was equal. Most of them was Muslim and their income was <5000 taka per month. Underweight (50%, 35%), normal (38%, 49%), overweight (8%, 10%) and obese (4%, 6%) were among working and non working children respectively. Around 50% of children did not think food for his own, later and need not cook for his own. Almost all took rice 2- 3times/day. Milk, meat, egg, fruits, noodles and soft drinks did not take 2- 3times/day. Vegetables and pulses were taken randomly. Conclusion: Tackling malnutrition in urban slums requires a holistic approach, especially when targeting populations of school-age children.Recommendation: Intervention programs related to health and nutritional status may be arranged.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i3.21016
Determinants of Infertility Among Couples Seeking Treatment in A Selected Clinic in Dhaka City
Authors: Chowdhury Mossamat Afroza , Haque Md Monoarul , Chowdhury Shahanaz , Prodhania Md Shafiullah
Published: January 2015

Background: Infertility is a global health issue affecting approximately 8-10% of couples and has multidimensional problem with social, economic and cultural implications, which can take threatening proportions in countries with strong demographic problems. Objective: To investigate the determinants of infertility among couples seeking treatment. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in selected private clinic of Dhaka city among 196 infertile couple by face to face interview using pretested semi structured questionnaire.Results: The sample studied consisted of 196 infertile couple. One third (38%) aged 26-30 years, majority Muslims (96%), housewives (72%) and one fourth (24%) had education level of secondary to higher secondary. Slightly more than half of their family income was taka 5361-21270. More than three fourth (66%) had primary infertility. Concerning the determinants of infertility polycystic ovary, hormonal imbalance, and fallopian tube blockage was 19%, 16% and 7% respectively but unexplained factors (28%) crossed the other factors. Only male factor was 10% and combined male and female factors were 10% among study subjects. Regarding the daily habits of the male participants, 18% were smokers.Conclusions: The determinants of female infertility are problems in the fallopian tubes and the uterus, disorders of menstruation, sexual disorders, age and ovarian failure. Female infertility is a complex problem that should be considered carefully by the government and stakeholders in each country in order to find effective interventions and solutions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i3.21021
The Diagnosis & Management of Orthopaedic Birth Trauma
Authors: Salam Sarwar Ibne , Paul Swapan Kumar , Rahman Florida , Alam Md Khurshed , Milad Fazley Elahi , Hossain Md Mobarak , Begum Bilkis
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Fractures & Orthopaedic trauma to the new born baby during birth are not uncommon. Immediate unavailability of an Orthopaedic surgeon adds to the embarrassment of the Obstetrician, and creates tension of the parents. Simple early measures can be taken to ease the situation. This paper is prepared with the intention of discussing some of the more common situations & their immediate management.Materials & Methods: Few patients with different birth trauma were treated in Dhaka Medical College Hospital & some other government & non government hospitals during January 2009 to June 2014. Different types of fractures, epiphyseal separation, Obstetric brachial Plexus palsy, Congenital Muscular Torticolis were treated by traction, splinting, plasters, physiotherapy & other conservative methods. Patients were followed up for long term  assessment.Results: Results of fracture management were excellent with early union of all the cases. Soft tissue trauma, like Congenital Muscular Torticolis & Obstetric brachial plexus palsy treatment yielded variable results owing to the depth of their involvement. Conclusion: Despite all the measures, trauma to the newborn baby still happens worldwide. Situation in Bangladesh is probably still worse. Early management of birth trauma is essential to avoid a lifelong disability. Immediate management may be started by the obstetrician before referring the patient, which will improve the final outcome.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i3.21025
A Large Left Atrial Myxoma Obstructing the Mitral Valve Orifice
Authors: Hasan Md Nazmul , Adhikary Dipal Krishna , Parvin Tanjima
Published: January 2015

Cardiac tumors represent a relatively rare, yet challenging diagnosis. Secondary tumors are far more frequent than primary tumors of the heart. The majority of primary cardiac tumors are benign in origin, with primary malignant tumors accounting for 25% of cases. Left atrial myxoma is the most common intracardiac tumor. It could be seen in patients between 383 years of age, with the majority presenting in fifth decade of life as sporadic cases (90%) and second decade as familial cases (10%)1. It is an important source of central nervous system embolism2. Elderly patients often present with nonspecific symptoms that are often overlooked in the absence of a supporting cardiac history which makes an early diagnosis challenging. This case report discusses an unusual presentation of a large left atrial myxoma in a 35 years old patient which almost completely obstructing the mitral valve orifice during diastole.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i3.21043
Benefits of Transgenic Insect Resistance in Brassica Hybrids under Selection
Authors: Sagers Cynthia , Londo Jason , Bautista Nonnie , Lee Edward , Watrud Lidia , King George
Published: January 2015

Field trials of transgenic crops may result in unintentional transgene flow to compatible crop, native, and weedy species. Hybridization outside crop fields may create novel forms with potential negative outcomes for wild and weedy plant populations. We report here the outcome of large outdoor mesocosm studies with canola (Brassica napus), transgenic canola, a sexually compatible weed B. rapa, and their hybrids. Brassica rapa was hybridized with canola and canola carrying a transgene for herbivore resistance (Bt Cry1Ac) and grown in outdoor mesocosms under varying conditions of competition and insect herbivory. Treatment effects differed significantly among genotypes. Hybrids were larger than all other genotypes, and produced more seeds than the B. rapa parent. Under conditions of heavy herbivory, plants carrying the transgenic resistance were larger and produced more seeds than non-transgenic plants. Pollen derived gene flow from transgenic canola to B. rapa varied between years (5%–22%) and was not significantly impacted by herbivory. These results confirm that canola-weed hybrids benefit from transgenic resistance and are aggressive competitors with congeneric crops and ruderals. Because some crop and crop-weed hybrids may be competitively superior, escapees may alter the composition and ecological functions of plant communities near transgenic crop fields.
Biodegradable Chitosan Nanoparticle Coatings on Titanium for the Delivery of BMP-2
Authors: Poth Nils , Seiffart Virginia , Gross Gerhard , Menzel Henning , Dempwolf Wibke
Published: January 2015

A simple method for the functionalization of a common implant material (Ti6Al4V) with biodegradable, drug loaded chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) nanoparticles is developed in order to enhance the osseointegration of endoprostheses after revision operations. The chitosan used has a tailored degree of acetylation which allows for a fast biodegradation by lysozyme. The degradability of chitosan is proven via viscometry. Characteristics and degradation of nanoparticles formed with TPP are analyzed using dynamic light scattering. The particle degradation via lysozyme displays a decrease in particle diameter of 40% after 4 days. Drug loading and release is investigated for the nanoparticles with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), using ELISA and the BRE luciferase test for quantification and bioactivity evaluation. Furthermore, nanoparticle coatings on titanium substrates are created via spray-coating and analyzed by ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Drug loaded nanoparticle coatings with biologically active BMP-2 are obtained in vitro within this work. Additionally, an in vivo study in mice indicates the dose dependent induction of ectopic bone growth through CS-TPP-BMP-2 nanoparticles. These results show that biodegradable CS-TPP coatings can be utilized to present biologically active BMP-2 on common implant materials like Ti6Al4V.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Computation in 2014
Authors: Computation Editorial Office
Published: January 2015

The editors of Computation would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2014:[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Dentistry Journal in 2014
Authors: Dentistry Journal Editorial Office
Published: January 2015

The editors of Dentistry Journal would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2014:[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Econometrics in 2014
Authors: Econometrics Editorial Office
Published: January 2015

The editors of Econometrics would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2014:[...]