bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient–Clinician Diagnostic Concordance upon Hospital Admission
Authors: Lam Alyssa , Plombon Savanna , Garber Alison , Garabedian Pamela , Rozenblum Ronen , Griffin Jacqueline A. , Schnipper Jeffrey L. , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Bates David W. , Dalal Anuj K.
Published: September 2024

Objectives This study aimed to pilot an application-based patient diagnostic questionnaire (PDQ) and assess the concordance of the admission diagnosis reported by the patient and entered by the clinician.

Methods Eligible patients completed the PDQ assessing patients' understanding of and confidence in the diagnosis 24 hours into hospitalization either independently or with assistance. Demographic data, the hospital principal problem upon admission, and International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes were retrieved from the electronic health record (EHR). Two physicians independently rated concordance between patient-reported diagnosis and clinician-entered principal problem as full, partial, or no. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Descriptive statistics were used to report demographics for concordant (full) and nonconcordant (partial or no) outcome groups. Multivariable logistic regressions of PDQ questions and a priori selected EHR data as independent variables were conducted to predict nonconcordance.

Results A total of 157 (77.7%) questionnaires were completed by 202 participants; 77 (49.0%), 46 (29.3%), and 34 (21.7%) were rated fully concordant, partially concordant, and not concordant, respectively. Cohen's kappa for agreement on preconsensus ratings by independent reviewers was 0.81 (0.74, 0.88). In multivariable analyses, patient-reported lack of confidence and undifferentiated symptoms (ICD-10 “R-code”) for the principal problem were significantly associated with nonconcordance (partial or no concordance ratings) after adjusting for other PDQ questions (3.43 [1.30, 10.39], p = 0.02) and in a model using selected variables (4.02 [1.80, 9.55], p < 0.01), respectively.

Conclusion About one-half of patient-reported diagnoses were concordant with the clinician-entered diagnosis on admission. An ICD-10 “R-code” entered as the principal problem and patient-reported lack of confidence may predict patient–clinician nonconcordance early during hospitalization via this approach.
Catheter-Directed Therapies for Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: Nationwide Trends in Medicare Part B Patients from 2015 to 2021
Authors: Thomas Alex G. , Ahmed Osman S. , Yu Qian , Kumari Divya , Patel Mikin V.
Published: September 2024

Background Nationwide trends in the utilization of catheter-directed therapies for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in the Medicare population are essential as they represent a major health care challenge. The annual incidence and mortality with venous thromboembolism are around 900,000 and 60,000 to 100,000 patients, respectively, in the United States.

Methods Data were acquired from the Data.CMS.gov website on Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary with a list of Medicare Part B fee-for-service claims from 2015 to 2021. Current Procedural Terminology codes 37187 (percutaneous venous mechanical thrombectomy) and 37212 (thrombolytic venous therapy) were queried for deep vein thrombosis. Similarly, Current Procedural Terminology codes 37184 (percutaneous arterial mechanical thrombectomy) and 37211 (thrombolytic arterial therapy) were queried for pulmonary embolism. Annual procedure counts, site of service, and self-reported specialty of the operator were recorded.

Results Overall, there was a trend toward increasing utilization of thrombectomy and decreasing utilization of thrombolysis procedures for both deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Radiologists performed the majority of the catheter-directed therapy interventions for deep vein thrombosis, while radiologists and surgeons performed a similar number of catheter-directed therapy procedures for pulmonary embolism. Cardiologists were third in the catheter-directed therapy procedure count for both deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

Conclusion An analysis of nationwide trends from 2015 to 2021 suggests increasing utilization of thrombectomy starting in 2020 when compared to thrombolysis for catheter-directed therapies for both deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism procedures. Newer thrombectomy technologies may be one of the drivers of this shift from thrombolysis to thrombectomy.
Evaluation of Mechanical and Elemental Properties of Bioceramic-Coated Orthodontic Brackets and Enamel Surface
Authors: Khan Abdul Samad , AlAbdali Ahlam , Irshad Nadia , AlMusayyab Othoob , AlQahtani Norah , Shah Asma Tufail , Akhtar Sultan , Slimani Yassine
Published: September 2024

Objective The aim is to coat orthodontic brackets with two different bioactive materials and to compare the mechanical and morphological properties of coated brackets and tooth surfaces.

Materials and Methods A total of 120 stainless steel brackets were divided equally into three groups, that is, the uncoated brackets and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA)-coated, and nanobioactive glass (nBG)-coated brackets using a spin coater machine. The brackets were bonded on the enamel surface and underwent remineralization/demineralization cycles for days 1, 7, 14, and 30. At each time interval, the bond strength of the brackets was assessed using mechanical loading. An optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for surface evaluation, and the adhesive remanent index (ARI) values were obtained and quantified.

Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance using Tukey's test was used to compare the differences among the groups.

Results A uniform distribution of nanoparticles occurred on the surfaces of brackets. The shear bond strength (SBS) showed no significant differences in any tested groups on days 1, 7, and 14. However, control and nBG showed a significant difference from nHA at day 30. On days 7, 14, and 30, the nHA group showed the highest SBS values among the groups. For ARI, most samples showed an adhesive nature of failure at the enamel–brackets interface. The images confirmed the presence of coated particles on brackets and remnants of adhesives after SBS.

Conclusion This study confirmed that the nHA- and nBG-coated brackets have a high potential for application in orthodontics regarding structural and mechanical properties.
Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets to Resin-Infiltrated Enamel
Authors: Insee Kanlaya , Boonyanitchayakul Natanan , Temprasert Chotirot , Klaisiri Awiruth
Published: September 2024

Objectives This study aims to evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to enamel after resin infiltration pretreatment using different adhesive systems.

Materials and Methods Sixty extracted maxillary first premolars were divided into five groups (n = 12). Group I: sound enamel + Transbond XT; group II: resin-infiltrated enamel (ICON) + Transbond XT; group III: ICON + Scotchbond Universal Plus; group IV: ICON + Assure PLUS; group V: ICON + Transbond Plus Self Etching. The SBS was measured using universal testing machine and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) score after debonding was determined under stereomicroscope with a 10× magnification.

Statistical Analysis A one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test were used to compare the data. Further, the ARI scores were evaluated using a chi-squared test. The level of significance was set at p = 0.05.

Results SBS of group I, II, III, IV, and V were 11.70 ± 3.17, 11.23 ± 3.06, 9.52 ± 1.73, 8.97 ± 1.12, and 9.14 ± 0.70 MPa, respectively. SBS of group IV and V was significantly lower than group I and II (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the ARI scores among the five groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion The SBS of enamel resin infiltration pretreatment depends on the adhesive system. The SBS of all groups was within adequate SBS range in clinical use. The most common ARI score was 2, which indicated lower risk of enamel fractures when debonding.
Comparison of Water Sorption and Water Solubility Properties of Current Restorative Materials with Different Contents
Authors: Kazak Magrur , Toz Akalin Tugba , Esen Fevzi
Published: September 2024

Objectives This study aimed to investigate and compare water sorption and solubility properties of current restorative materials with different contents.

Materials and Methods Alkasite, self-adhesive restorative material (Cention N, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), bulk-fill glass hybrid restorative material (EQUIA Forte HT, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan), nanohybrid universal composite material (OptiShade, Kerr Dental, United States), and bulk-fill composite material (Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States) were used. Samples (n = 6) were prepared (2 × 10 mm) according to the ISO 4049 standards. Water sorption and solubility values were calculated according to the ISO 4049 standards.

Statistical Analysis One-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc, Tamhane's T2 post-hoc, Pearson's correlation, and independent samples t-tests were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).

Results Group EQUIA Forte HT significantly showed the highest water sorption values (57.278 ± 3.174), while Group Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative exhibited the lowest (4.429 ± 0.174; p < 0.05). The water sorption values for Group Cention N were 5.000 ± 0.542. Group EQUIA Forte HT significantly had the lowest water solubility values (−99.799 ± 1.909), while Group Cention N (−2.966 ± 0.402) significantly exhibited the highest (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between water sorption and solubility values for each material (p > 0.05).

Conclusion The bulk-fill nano-filled composite resin material was successful in terms of water sorption while the bulk-fill glass hybrid restorative system in terms of water solubility. Alkasite can be recommended to be used as a base material due to its high solubility feature. Monomer, filler type, and amount had an impact on the water sorption and solubility properties of the tested materials.
Dynamics of Thrombogenicity and Platelet Function and Correlation with Bleeding Risk in Patients Undergoing M-TEER Using the PASCAL System
Authors: Euper Miriam , Schreieck Jürgen , Bladt Mareike , Zdanyte Monika , Goldschmied Andreas , Sigle Manuel , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Gorog Diana A. , Jacobsen Mia Ravn , Sørensen Rikke , Rath Dominik , Gawaz Meinrad , Geisler Tobias
Published: September 2024

Background Transcatheter mitral valve repair is performed in a patient population at risk for thrombotic and bleeding events. The effects on platelet function and reactivity and their association with bleeding events after mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge therapy (M-TEER) have not been systematically examined.

Objectives We sought to investigate the association of different parameters of platelet function and thrombogenicity with bleeding events post M-TEER.

Methods In this single-center study, 100 consecutive patients with mitral regurgitation receiving TEER were analyzed. Blood was taken directly from the guide-catheter in the left atrium before and after placing the device. Blood samples were analyzed using impedance aggregometry (Multiplate) and TEG6s. The results were compared pre- and postprocedural. The primary outcome was any bleeding complication according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium classification within 6 months.

Results A total of 41 patients experienced bleeding events. TEG analysis showed a significant decrease in ADP aggregation and increase in ADP inhibition. In ROC-analysis, TEG ADP aggregation and inhibition and Multiplate ADP aggregation showed moderate predictive values for bleeding events. The delta-ADP-Test (Multiplate) showed the strongest prediction of bleeding (area under the curve: 0.69). Adding platelet function and TEG markers to a model of clinical bleeding risk factors improved the prediction for bleeding events.

Conclusion This study indicates that thrombogenicity might be affected immediately after M-TEER probably due to changes in flow conditions. In particular, platelet aggregation involving the ADP receptor pathway significantly correlated with postprocedural bleeding events. Whether these results could guide peri-interventional antithrombotic therapy and improve peri- and postprocedural outcome requires further investigation.
Potential of Sulodexide in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy and Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Böhm Elsa Wilma , Buonfiglio Francesco , Korb Christina A. , Dauth Alice , Pfeiffer Norbert , Bręborowicz Andrzej , Gericke Adrian
Published: September 2024

Retinal vascular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion, are common causes of severe vision loss. Central to the pathophysiology of these conditions are endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, capillary leakage, ischemia, and pathological neoangiogenesis. Capillary damage leads to leakage and the development of macular edema, which is associated with vision loss and requires complex treatment. Sulodexide, a glycosaminoglycan composed of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate with high oral bioavailability, exhibits several favorable pharmacologic properties, including antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and endothelium-protective effects. Additionally, treatment with sulodexide has been associated with the reduction of oxidative stress and decreased expression of angiogenic growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. This review aims to provide an overview of the pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic effects of sulodexide. Furthermore, its potential for clinical application in venous and diabetic diseases, such as venous thromboembolism, chronic venous insufficiency, peripheral artery disease, or diabetic nephropathy, is summarized. We also present experimental and clinical studies evaluating the potential of sulodexide in ocular conditions and discuss its therapeutic implications for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases.
The market timing ability of bond mutual funds
Authors: Yin Zhengnan , O’Sullivan Niall , Sherman Meadhbh
Published: September 2024

We apply the nonparametric methodology of Jiang (Journal of Empirical Finance 10:399–425, 2003) to examine whether bond mutual funds can time the bond market by adjusting their portfolios' market exposure based on anticipated market movement. This approach offers several advantages over the widely used regression-based tests such as Treynor and Mazuy (Harvard Business Review 44(4):131–136, 1966) and Henriksson and Merton (The Journal of Business 54(4):513–533, 1981). In a comprehensive study covering the USA, UK, and China, we find some evidence of positive market timing of bond funds at the individual fund level. On average, bond funds show neutral to slightly negative market timing abilities. After controlling for public information, we find that a smaller number of bond funds successfully time the market based on private timing signals. In terms of categories, we find strong evidence of positive market timing for Government bond funds as a group, consistent with the findings of Huang and Wang (Management Science 60:2091–2109, 2014).
Industrial policy, green challenges, and international business
Authors: Benito Gabriel R. G. , Meyer Klaus E.
Published: September 2024

Nation-states are designing their industrial policies increasingly to not only enhance national competitiveness, but also to simultaneously address “Green Challenges”, concerns about the natural environment that require concerted action among different actors in society, including domestic and foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs). This blending of global and national policy objectives is leading to a new wave of industrial policies in advanced economies that are informed by scholarly discourses in evolutionary economics, innovation systems, and 'wicked problems'. We discuss the implications of these sustainability-oriented industrial policies for MNEs. They operate in increasingly diverse local ecosystems shaped by local actors and local policies as we illustrate for two such ecosystems in Nordic countries: circular economy and energy transition. Many MNEs face a tension between capabilities they could use to help nations achieve their sustainability goals and incentives to protect existing rents and business models. They may thus engage pro-actively or reactively in both market and nonmarket realms in each country in which they operate. We discuss the interactions between MNEs, governments, and other actors in host countries pursuing both sustainability and competitiveness objectives, and outline how ensuing tensions create new challenges and opportunities for international business scholarship.
Foreign-origin managers and FDI location choice
Authors: Coda Zabetta Massimiliano , Miguelez Ernest , Lissoni Francesco , Hegarty Sarah
Published: September 2024

Building upon the upper echelons theory of organizations as applied to internationalization strategies, we investigate the impact of foreign-origin top management team (TMT) members on their companies’ location choice. We propose that a manager-from-target effect may exist, by which a manager’s knowledge of their country of origin increases the likelihood of choosing that country as a target. We expect it to be stronger for acquisitions than for greenfield investments, the inputs of foreign-origin managers being more relevant in the first case. Based on a large sample of foreign direct investment from 2013 to 2019, and using name analysis to identify TMT members’ origins, we find that the effect is present in both establishment modes but larger and more robust for acquisitions. It is also larger in companies with less diverse TMTs, for which targeting one manager’s country of origin instead of others’ may be less likely to cause conflict. Future research should explore whether investments in locations suggested by managers from the target country outperform others. If this is the case, it implies that recruiting foreign-origin top managers can improve a company’s internationalization strategy via better location choices.
“Th’oppressor’s wrong,” or, what’s Hamlet to the Borderlands?
Authors: Santos Kathryn Vomero
Published: September 2024

This article offers a critical analysis of two poetic appropriations of Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” soliloquy: “El Hamlet Fronterizo” by Guillermo Gómez-Peña and “To be a Pocha or not to be” by Iris De Anda. Both poets use the languages, geographies, and ontological concerns of the US–Mexico Borderlands to reimagine the Danish prince’s famously introspective speech as a performance text that reflects their lived experiences and consciousnesses as border subjects. For Gómez-Peña and De Anda, the figure of Hamlet becomes a means through which to reject Western colonial worldviews, to refuse assimilation, and to center Borderlands ways of knowing, being, and doing. When Hamlet’s soliloquy is reimagined in these ways, the most urgent question is not whether or not to be but rather what it means to be someone whose existence is made vulnerable precisely because it exceeds the increasingly policed boundaries of nation, language, race, and gender.
Research progress of gene therapy combined with tissue engineering to promote bone regeneration
Authors: Chu Xiangyu , Xiong Yuan , Lu Li , Wang Yiqing , Wang Jing , Zeng Ruiyin , Hu Liangcong , Yan Chenchen , Zhao Zhiming , Lin Sien , Mi Bobin , Liu Guohui
Published: September 2024

Gene therapy has emerged as a highly promising strategy for the clinical treatment of large segmental bone defects and non-union fractures, which is a common clinical need. Meanwhile, many preclinical data have demonstrated that gene and cell therapies combined with optimal scaffold biomaterials could be used to solve these tough issues. Bone tissue engineering, an interdisciplinary field combining cells, biomaterials, and molecules with stimulatory capability, provides promising alternatives to enhance bone regeneration. To deliver and localize growth factors and associated intracellular signaling components into the defect site, gene therapy strategies combined with bioengineering could achieve a uniform distribution and sustained release to ensure mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis. In this review, we will describe the process and cell molecular changes during normal fracture healing, followed by the advantages and disadvantages of various gene therapy vectors combined with bone tissue engineering. The growth factors and other bioactive peptides in bone regeneration will be particularly discussed. Finally, gene-activated biomaterials for bone regeneration will be illustrated through a description of characteristics and synthetic methods.
Interframe-tunable ultrafast differential-displacement holography
Authors: Hutchinson T. M. , Righi G. , Celliers P. M. , Ali S. J. , McGuire C. P. , Perez T. , Rasmus A. M.
Published: September 2024

We describe the details of a digital holographic microscopy diagnostic capable of quantifying both the topography and velocity of a km/s object with adjustable temporal sensitivity. This technique involves spatially multiplexing a double pulse reflected from a target with reference beams of precisely known temporal separation.
An UHF band planar resonator temperature sensor constructed from high-performance titanium dioxide system microwave dielectric ceramics: Toward integrated ceramic-based sensor devices
Authors: Wang Yaoxing , Du Mingkun , Li Lingxia
Published: September 2024

With the rapid fusion of temperature sensing technology and microwave technology, microwave temperature sensors have become the protagonist of competing research. We propose a planar resonator temperature sensor that combines substrate material modifications with sensor structure design. To realize this concept, high-performance TiO2-xwt. % ZnO (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) microwave dielectric ceramics are prepared. The various factors influencing dielectric properties, including crystal structure, phase composition, Raman vibration, microstructure, element valence, and oxygen vacancy, are completely investigated. The TiO2-0.7 wt. % ZnO ceramic exhibiting exceptional properties (εr = 106.6, Qf = 46 000 GHz, τf = 426.0 ppm/°C) is selected for substrate fabrication. The frequency and temperature dependence of εr and tan δ are analyzed at 2–4.5 GHz from −50 to 100 °C, revealing a good linearity between εr and temperature. A CSRR temperature sensor employing this substrate material is designed, simulated, fabricated, and validated from −50 to 90 °C. This sensor generates two resonance frequencies (around 0.5 and 1.4 GHz) in the UHF band, demonstrating sensitivities of 2.2 MHz/10 °C and 6.3 MHz/10 °C at the first and second resonance frequencies, along with an outstanding normalized sensitivity of approximately 0.045. Through a comprehensive analysis of the physical mechanisms affecting the sensor's sensitivity and quality factor, the design of the sensor is strengthened from the perspective of optimizing the performance of microwave dielectric ceramics. The regulation mechanism of dielectric characteristics is enriched and clarified, thereby achieving a synergistic improvement in sensor performance. This work expands the application scope of microwave dielectric ceramics and provides an innovative approach to environmental monitoring.
Analytical model of a Hall thruster
Authors: Lafleur Trevor , Chabert Pascal
Published: September 2024

Hall thrusters are one of the most successful and prevalent electric propulsion systems for spacecraft in use today. However, they are also complex devices and their unique E×B configuration makes modeling of the underlying plasma discharge challenging. In this work, a steady-state model of a Hall thruster is developed and a complete analytical solution presented that is shown to be in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements. A characterization of the discharge shows that the peak plasma density and ionization rate nearly coincide and both occur upstream of the peak electric field. The peak locations also shift as the thruster operating conditions are varied. Three key similarity parameters emerge that govern the plasma discharge and which are connected via a thruster current–voltage relation: a normalized discharge current, a normalized discharge voltage, and an amalgamated parameter, α¯, that contains all system geometric and magnetic field information. For a given normalized discharge voltage, the similarity parameter α¯ must lie within a certain range to enable high thruster performance. When applied to a krypton thruster, the model shows that both the propellant mass flow rate and the magnetic field strength must be simultaneously adjusted to achieve similar efficiency to a xenon thruster (for the same thruster geometry, discharge voltage, and power level).
The manipulation of spin angular momentum for binary circular Airy beam during propagation
Authors: Zhang Guang-Bo , Gao Xu-Zhen , Li Qing-Lu , Kong Ya-Ning , Zhao Tian-Fei , Xu Shi-Tong , Ma Ren-De , Lü Jia-Qi , Pan Yue
Published: September 2024

The Airy beam has attracted great attention since it was proposed in 2007 due to its novel properties, such as non-diffraction, self-healing, and self-acceleration. However, the spin angular momentum (SAM), which is an intrinsic nature of light, has rarely been studied by the Airy beam. Here, we propose a kind of binary circular Airy beam (BCAB) with space-variant polarizations and vortex phases and study the SAM evolution of the BCAB during propagation. We find the effects of appearance and annihilation of SAM during the propagation of BCAB, and the SAM can be further manipulated by adjusting the initial phase and polarization distribution of BCAB. Moreover, the optical tube, optical needle, and optical cage carrying different SAMs are achieved in propagation, which can be applied in various regions, such as optical trapping and manipulation. The BCAB significantly enriches the family of structured light and provides a flexible control scheme of SAM, which can further promote the application of SAM in many fields.
First spectroscopic studies in the plasma-beam installation
Authors: Chektybayev B. , Zhunisbek S. , Kashikbayev Ye , Duisen A. , Sokolov I. , Tulenbergenov T.
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the results of spectroscopic measurements of plasma in a linear simulator of a plasma-beam installation (PBI) for conducting materials science research. For the first time, non-contact optical diagnostic methods were employed to measure the plasma parameters in the PBI. These measurements were allowed for the clarification of the PBI plasma parameters and the identification of transition zones in different operational modes. Analysis of the plasma emission spectrum enabled the identification of impurity spectral lines and the estimation of key plasma parameters under varying experimental conditions. The spectra were recorded using two optical spectrometers covering a wavelength range of 200–800 nm. The experimental conditions varied in terms of electron beam accelerating voltage (1–5 kV), working gas pressure (1–6 mTorr), and target bias voltage (from −500 to −100 V). The Boltzmann plot method and Stark broadening of the Balmer lines were used to estimate electron temperature and density. Based on the obtained spectroscopic data, the electron density and the electron temperature were determined. The methods described in this study are applicable to linear plasma devices.
The effect of slip parameter in an axisymmetric oscillatory Stokes flow
Authors: Dimple S. S. Dadi , Sri Padmavati B.
Published: September 2024

A general solution of Stokes equations for the problem of an axisymmetric oscillatory flow of an incompressible, viscous fluid past a sphere satisfying general boundary conditions is obtained. The behavior of the magnitude of drag is observed with the variation of the slip parameter. Some more interesting behaviors are detailed, and several existing results pertaining to steady flows and flows with rigid and shear free boundary conditions are recovered as special cases. The corresponding results are discussed for four different axisymmetric oscillatory Stokes flows, namely, uniform flow, flows generated due to a dipole, a source, and a Stokeslet. A few interesting streamline patterns like formation, elongation, and disappearance of viscous eddies in the vicinity of the sphere with a periodic reversal of the flow are observed at different frequencies for different values of the slip parameter.
Spatiotemporal Koopman decomposition of second mode instability from a hypersonic schlieren video
Authors: Ghannadian Arman C. , Gosse Ryan C. , Roy Subrata , Lawless Zachary D. , Miller Samantha A. , Jewell Joseph S.
Published: September 2024

Data-driven modal analysis methods provide a powerful way to decompose data into a sum of modes. The spatiotemporal Koopman decomposition (STKD) enables the computation of modes defined by global frequencies and growth rates in various spatial dimensions and time. The method is an extension of the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and higher-order dynamic mode decomposition (HODMD) that represents the data as a sum of standing and traveling, possibly growing or decaying, waves. In this paper, the STKD with HODMD is applied to schlieren video highlighting second mode instability waves traveling down the length of a 3-degree half-angle cone and a 7-degree half-angle cone, both at a freestream Mach number of 6. The HODMD is able to compute dominant modes and frequencies that align with those from associated experimental measurements of unsteady pressure fluctuations, and whose mode shapes clearly show the intensifying wavepacket structure of the waves. The STKD algorithm is used to compute streamwise wavenumbers, spatial growth rates, and wave speeds. The spatial growth rates from the STKD and the magnitudes of the HODMD mode shapes are used to compute the N-factor for waves of several frequencies. Overall, the STKD with HODMD is shown to be a useful tool for extracting spatiotemporal disturbance growth from a schlieren video.
Axisymmetric phase-field-based lattice Boltzmann model for incompressible two-phase flow with phase change
Authors: Zhang Chunhua , Hou Wenyuan , Lou Qin , Wang Liang , Liu Hantao , Guo Zhaoli
Published: September 2024

In this work, a phase-field-based lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) model for axisymmetric two-phase flow with phase change is proposed. Two sets of discrete particle distribution functions are employed to match the conserved Allen–Cahn equation and the hydrodynamic equations with phase change effect, respectively. Since phase change occurs at the interface, the divergence-free condition of the velocity field is no longer satisfied due to mass transfer, and the conserved Allen–Cahn equation needs to be equipped with a source term dependent on the phase change model. To deal with these, a novel source term in the hydrodynamic LBE is delicately designed to recover the correct target governing equations. Meanwhile, the LBE for the Allen–Cahn equation is modified with a discrete force term to model mass transfer. In particular, an additional correction term is added into the hydrodynamic LBE to reduce the spurious velocity and improve numerical stability. Several axisymmetric benchmark multiphase problems with phase change, including bubble growing in superheated liquid, D2 law, film boiling, bubble rising in superheated liquid under gravity, and droplet impact on a hot surface, have been conducted to test the performance of the proposed model. Numerical results agree well with analytical solutions and available published data in the literature.
Influence of N2 admixture on mode transition of discharge in N2–Ar helicon plasma
Authors: Zhang Tianliang , Xia Zhangyu , He Feng , Zheng Bocong , Ouyang Jiting
Published: September 2024

Effects of N2 admixture on multiple wave modes and transitions were investigated in N2–Ar helicon plasma under fixed input power and magnetic field. The structures of helicon waves were measured by a B-dot probe to verify the different eigenmodes. The experimental results show that the plasma morphology, emission spectrum, and spatial profile change significantly during mode transitions with the N2–Ar ratio. The calculated results from the pressure balance model indicate that the densities of species N2, N+, Ar, and Ar+ will change largely during mode transition around some specific N2 percentages, which will help to improve the application of N2–Ar helicon plasma in material processing greatly.
Wetting and pressure gradient performance in a lattice Boltzmann color gradient model
Authors: Sedahmed M. , Coelho R. C. V.
Published: September 2024

An accurate implementation of wetting and pressure drop is crucial to correctly reproduce fluid displacement processes in porous media. Although several strategies have been proposed in the literature, a systematic comparison of them is needed to determine the most suitable for practical applications. Here, we carried out numerical simulations to investigate the performance of two widely used wettability schemes in the lattice Boltzmann color gradient model, namely, the geometrical wetting scheme by Leclaire et al. [Phys. Rev. E 95(3), 033306 (2017)](scheme-I) and the modified direction of the color gradient scheme by Akai et al. [Adv. Water Resour. 116, 56–66 (2018)] (scheme-II). We showed that scheme-II was more accurate in simulating static contact angles of a fluid droplet on a solid surface. However, scheme-I was more accurate in simulating a dynamic case of a binary fluid flow in a horizontal capillary tube described by the Washburn equation. Moreover, we investigated the performance of two popular pressure gradient implementation types. Type-I used the so-called Zou–He pressure boundary conditions at the inlet and the outlet of the domain, while type-II used an external body force as a pressure gradient. We showed that the type-I implementation was slightly more accurate in simulating a neutrally wetting fluid in a horizontal capillary tube described by the Washburn equation. We also investigated the differences between the two types of pressure gradient implementation in simulating two fluid displacement processes in a Bentheimer sandstone rock sample: the primary drainage and the imbibition displacement processes.
Convective heat transfer in Brinkman–Darcy–Kelvin–Voigt fluid with couple stress and generalized Maxwell–Cattaneo law
Authors: P Saravanan , Mahajan Amit
Published: September 2024

This article investigates thermal convection in Kelvin–Voigt fluids saturating a Brinkman–Darcy-type porous medium. We examine the linear (stationary and oscillatory), nonlinear, and unconditional nonlinear stability of this fluid under the generalized Maxwell–Cattaneo law with couple stress effects. Using the normal mode technique, we calculate the critical Rayleigh number for the linear stability under stress-free boundary conditions for both stationary and oscillatory convection. Additionally, we employ the energy method to determine the critical Rayleigh number for nonlinear and unconditional nonlinear stabilities under the same boundary conditions. All critical values were determined numerically, and various graphs were plotted to illustrate the results. Our findings reveal that a higher couple stress parameter leads to increased critical Rayleigh numbers for stationary, oscillatory, and nonlinear stability, indicating greater fluid stability and reduced susceptibility to convection. Additionally, the Kelvin–Voigt parameter significantly affects oscillatory convection, though it remains crucial within the nonlinear stability framework. These findings provide a detailed understanding of the stability behavior in this complex fluid system.
Impact of closed pores on gas transport and its implication for optimizing drainage borehole design
Authors: Xu Hexiang , Liu Ting , Zhai Cheng , Xu Jizhao , Zheng Yangfeng , Zhu Xinyu , Wang Yu , Huang Ting
Published: September 2024

Mining disturbances can rupture the closed pores, releasing the gas and potentially triggering gas accidents. The pre-drainage of gas via boreholes is the primary measure for preventing coal and gas outbursts. Nevertheless, the influence of closed pores on gas migration remains unclear, leading to suboptimal borehole spacing and radius. Therefore, a gas–solid coupled model incorporating closed pores was developed to investigate the influence of closed pores on gas migration during gas drainage (GD). Subsequently, response surface methodology was employed to investigate the input parameters and their interactions on residual gas content (RGC) and pre-drainage time (PDT). Finally, an optimization methodology for borehole spacing/radius was presented. The results show that both RGC and PDT exhibit a positive correlation with the ratio of closed porosity to total porosity (λ) and the ratio of closed pore diffusion coefficient to that of the open pore (Do/Dc). Initially, the total gas production is primarily extracted from fractures and open pores, followed by closed pores in the later stages. Single-factor analysis demonstrates that λ, permeability, and Do/Dc have a more significant impact on RGC and PDT compared to borehole spacing and borehole radius. Borehole spacing interacts more strongly with λ, permeability and Do/Dc than borehole radius. An optimization method for borehole spacing and borehole radius, constrained by PDT, RGC, and the number of boreholes, is proposed using response surface optimization maps. This method provides guidance for borehole construction to optimize GD efficiency and minimize RGC.
The p53 target DRAM1 modulates calcium homeostasis and ER stress by promoting contact between lysosomes and the ER through STIM1
Authors: Wang Xiying , Geng Ji , Rimal Suman , Sui Yuxiu , Pan Jie , Qin Zhenghong , Lu Bingwei
Published: September 2024

It is well established that DNA Damage Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1 (DRAM1), a lysosomal protein and a target of p53, participates in autophagy. The cellular functions of DRAM1 beyond autophagy remain elusive. Here, we show p53-dependent upregulation of DRAM1 in mitochondrial damage–induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) models and exacerbation of disease phenotypes by DRAM1. We find that the lysosomal location of DRAM1 relies on its intact structure including the cytosol-facing C-terminal domain. Excess DRAM1 disrupts endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure, triggers ER stress, and induces protective ER-phagy. Mechanistically, DRAM1 interacts with stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) to tether lysosomes to the ER and perturb STIM1 function in maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. STIM1 overexpression promotes cellular health by restoring calcium homeostasis, ER stress response, ER-phagy, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling in cells with excess DRAM1. Thus, by promoting organelle contact between lysosomes and the ER, DRAM1 modulates ER structure and function and cell survival under stress. Our results suggest that DRAM1 as a lysosomal protein performs diverse roles in cellular homeostasis and stress response. These findings may have significant implications for our understanding of the role of the p53/DRAM1 axis in human diseases, from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases.
Measurement of adhesion and traction of cells at high yield reveals an energetic ratchet operating during nephron condensation
Authors: Liu Jiageng , Prahl Louis S. , Huang Aria Zheyuan , Hughes Alex J.
Published: September 2024

Developmental biology-inspired strategies for tissue-building have extraordinary promise for regenerative medicine, spurring interest in the relationship between cell biophysical properties and morphological transitions. However, mapping gene or protein expression data to cell biophysical properties to physical morphogenesis remains challenging with current techniques. Here, we present
m
ultiplexed
a
dhesion and
t
raction of
c
ells at
h
igh
y
ield (MATCHY). MATCHY advances the multiplexing and throughput capabilities of existing traction force and cell–cell adhesion assays using microfabrication and a semiautomated computation scheme with machine learning–driven cell segmentation. Both biophysical assays are coupled with serial downstream immunofluorescence to extract cell type/signaling state information. MATCHY is especially suited to complex primary tissue-, organoid-, or biopsy-derived cell mixtures since it does not rely on a priori knowledge of cell surface markers, cell sorting, or use of lineage-specific reporter animals. We first validate MATCHY on canine kidney epithelial cells engineered for rearranged during transfection (RET) tyrosine kinase expression and quantify a relationship between downstream signaling and cell traction. We then use MATCHY to create a biophysical atlas of mouse embryonic kidney primary cells and identify distinct biophysical states along the nephron differentiation trajectory. Our data complement expression-level knowledge of adhesion molecule changes that accompany nephron differentiation with quantitative biophysical information. These data reveal an “energetic ratchet” that accounts for spatial trends in nephron progenitor cell condensation as they differentiate into early nephron structures, which we validate through agent-based computational simulation. MATCHY offers semiautomated cell biophysical characterization at >10,000-cell throughput, an advance benefiting fundamental studies and new synthetic tissue strategies for regenerative medicine.
The androgen receptor in mesenchymal progenitors regulates skeletal muscle mass via
Igf1
expression in male mice
Authors: Sakai Hiroshi , Uno Hideaki , Yamakawa Harumi , Tanaka Kaori , Ikedo Aoi , Uezumi Akiyoshi , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Imai Yuuki
Published: September 2024

Androgens exert their effects primarily by binding to the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor. While androgens have anabolic effects on skeletal muscle, previous studies reported that AR functions in myofibers to regulate skeletal muscle quality, rather than skeletal muscle mass. Therefore, the anabolic effects of androgens are exerted via nonmyofiber cells. In this context, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AR in mesenchymal progenitors, which play a crucial role in maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis, remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated expression of AR in mesenchymal progenitors and found that targeted AR ablation in mesenchymal progenitors reduced limb muscle mass in mature adult, but not young or aged, male mice, although fatty infiltration of muscle was not affected. The absence of AR in mesenchymal progenitors led to remarkable perineal muscle hypotrophy, regardless of age, due to abnormal regulation of transcripts associated with cell death and extracellular matrix organization. Additionally, we revealed that AR in mesenchymal progenitors regulates the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) and that IGF1 administration prevents perineal muscle atrophy in a paracrine manner. These findings indicate that the anabolic effects of androgens regulate skeletal muscle mass via, at least in part, AR signaling in mesenchymal progenitors.
The Pentamer glycoprotein complex inhibits viral Immediate Early transcription during Human Cytomegalovirus infections
Authors: Ohman Michael S. , Albright Emily R. , Gelbmann Christopher B. , Kalejta Robert F.
Published: September 2024

The Pentamer complex of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) consists of the viral glycoproteins gH, gL, UL128, UL130, and UL131 and is incorporated into infectious virions. HCMV strains propagated extensively in vitro in fibroblasts carry UL128, UL130, or UL131 alleles that do not make a functional complex and thus lack Pentamer function. Adding functional Pentamer to such strains decreases virus growth in fibroblasts. Here, we show that the Pentamer inhibits productive HCMV replication in fibroblasts by repressing viral Immediate Early (IE) transcription. We show that ectopic expression of the viral IE1 protein, a target of Pentamer-mediated transcriptional repression, complements the growth defect of a Pentamer-positive virus. Furthermore, we show that the Pentamer also represses viral IE transcription in cell types where HCMV in vitro latency is studied. Finally, we identify UL130 as a functional subunit of the Pentamer for IE transcriptional repression and demonstrate that cyclic AMP Response Element (CRE) and NFkB sites within the Major Immediate Early Promoter that drives IE1 transcription contribute to this repression. We conclude that the HCMV Pentamer represses viral IE transcription.
Study of quantum nonlocality by CHSH function and its extension in disordered fermions
Authors: Kuno Yoshihito
Published: September 2024

Quantum nonlocality is an important concept in quantum physics. In this work, we study the quantum nonlocality in a fermion many-body system under quasi-periodic disorders. The Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality is systematically investigated, which quantifies quantum nonlocality between two sites. We find particular behaviors of the quantifiers of quantum nonlocality around the extended and critical phase transitions in the system and further that the CHSH inequality is not broken in the globally averaged picture of the maximum value of the quantum nonlocality, but the violation probability of the CHSH inequality for two site pairs in the system becomes sufficiently finite in the critical phase and on a critical phase boundary. Further, we investigate an extension of the CHSH inequality, Mermin–Klyshko–Svetlichny (MKS) polynomials, which can characterize multipartite quantum nonlocality. We also find a similar behavior to the case of CHSH inequality. In particular, in the critical regime and on a transition point, the adjacent three-qubit MKS polynomial in a portion of the system exhibits a quantum nonlocal violation regime with a finite probability in the critical phase.
Non-contact measurement of conveyor belt speed based on fast point cloud registration of feature block
Authors: Hou Chengcheng , Qiao Wei , Gao Xuefeng , Dong Huijie , Qiao Tiezhu
Published: September 2024

Non-contact, real-time measurement of conveyor belt speed is critical for energy-saving speed regulation and efficient development of coal mine conveyor systems. Existing speed measurement technologies for conveyor systems are often limited by the slippage and wear in contact measurement and complex environmental disturbance. This study introduces three-dimensional point cloud technology into coal flow information detection and innovatively presents a non-contact measurement method of conveyor belt speed based on fast point cloud registration of feature blocks. In the proposed method, a three-dimensional camera is used to capture point cloud data of the dynamically running conveyor belt, and the raw point cloud is preprocessed and segmented into blocks. Then, the C-MANV (curvature and mean angle of normal vectors) features of block point clouds are constructed based on the point cloud neighborhood curvature and the mean angle of neighborhood normal vectors. Finally, an improved block point cloud registration method based on C-MANV features is adopted to achieve the accurate measurement of the dynamic running speed of conveyor belt. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an average relative error of less than 1.8% in high-speed conveyor belt operation with an average processing time of less than 35 ms, which fulfils the accuracy and real-time requirements for conveyor belt speed detection in coal mines. This study provides an effective technical solution for the speed monitoring of coal mine conveyor systems.