bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СТРАНОВЕДЕНИЕ РОССИИ В ПРАКТИКЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ГРУЗИНСКИХ УЧАЩИХСЯ РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ НА НАЧАЛЬНОМ ЭТАПЕ
Authors:   Академический доктор филологии, ассоц. проф. Горийского государственного университета, г. Гори, Грузия, Хинчагашвили Н. Ш.
Published: March 2021

The article is dedicated to the possibility of the usage of the lingvo-oriented method for the Georgia students in the teaching of Russian as a foreign language. The aim of the article is to promote the enrichment of knowledge in the field of the Russian language through a dialogue of cultural meanings the presented linguo-and methodological culture oriented model of teaching Russian developed and based on communicative and interactive technologies gives the foreign students opportunity to learn about the culture of Russia and to use the acquired knowledge in the process of intercultural communication. The types of interactive exercises discussed in the article can also be used in the study of the history of Russian literature.
IMPROVEMENT OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR COMPLETENESS AND TIMELINESS OF FORMATION OF RESERVES AT AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Trokhymenko Iryna
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the substantiation of scientific and theoretical provisions and recommendations for the improvement of accounting and analytical procedures for the formation of reserves at an agricultural enterprise to ensure the reliability of determining the financial results of their activities. The methodological approach to the formation of reserves in the traditional models of accounting in agricultural enterprises is analyzed. Generalized concepts of formation and use of reserves in national regulations (standards) of accounting and international standards of financial reporting. The conceptual direction in accounting provides economic information on costs, which is used in management functions, namely in planning, analysis, control, regulation, incentives, justification of decisions on strategic development and financial and economic security. Documentary provision of the reserve of vacations and the reserve of doubtful debts, the use of which is a priority of effective stable activity and management of the enterprise, is offered. The prepayment document is an alternative primary document for the correct calculation and generalization of the amount of the reserve at the agricultural enterprise.
Variations in the Effects of a Single Monetary Policy: The Case of Russian Regions
Authors:   Bank of Russia, Napalkov Vadim , Novak Anna ,   Bank of Russia, Shulgin Andrey ,   Bank of Russia
Published: March 2021

This research analyses regional heterogeneity in the reaction of core inflation to shocks of a single monetary policy on the example of Russia. We use a global vector autoregression model to reveal impulse response functions of core inflation in Russian regions to monetary policy shocks. The average 5-year cumulative response of regional core inflation to a MIACR shock of 1 percentage point (pp) is ‒0.74 pp. For 77 out of 80 regions, the 5-year cumulative core inflation response is found to be statistically significant. If we exclude three statistically insignificant responses and discard the four regions with the highest and lowest responses, we get a spread of ‒0.55 to ‒0.93 pp with a standard deviation of 0.12. We show that, over a one-year horizon, the heterogeneous response to monetary policy shocks can moderately reduce the heterogeneity of the response of regional inflation to exchange rate shocks. However, the magnitude of this effect is limited. According to the analysis of the regional heterogeneity factors, the higher are the share of extractive industries in the gross regional product of a region, the share of loans to manufacturing sector, the share of loans to small enterprises, as well as the unemployment rate, the stronger will be the reaction of the core inflation to the monetary policy shock. The degree of heterogeneity in the Russian regions’ core inflation response to monetary policy shocks, the set of factors explaining this heterogeneity, and the explained variation in the regional response (30–40% depending on the model specification) turn out to be comparable to similar indicators in other countries with pronounced regional heterogeneity.
Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Policy on the Armenian Economy
Authors:   Central Bank of Armenia, Igityan Haykaz
Published: March 2021

Whether inflation and output respond symmetrically or asymmetrically to the same size of contractionary and expansionary monetary policy shock has important policy implications. This paper shows the presence of asymmetric responses in Armenian inflation and output to positive and negative monetary policy shocks of the same size by employing econometric models. Contractionary policy decreases inflation less than expansionary policy increases it. Output reacts in the opposite way. An estimated small open economy DSGE model with sticky wages and investment adjustment costs explains about half of the asymmetry observed in the monetary policy transmission mechanism. This paper finds that the main part of inflation reaction asymmetry is a result of a highly convex Phillips curve for the importers. The nonlinearities of the internal economy explain the predominant part of the asymmetry in output reaction.
FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES FOR FUTURE BACHELORS OF TOURISM IN THE PROCESS OF TRAINING
Authors: Maslennikova Svetlana Fedorovna
Published: March 2021

The article reveals some aspects of mastering professional competencies by students studying in the direction of training 43.03.02. Tourism, in the process of studying the course "World culture and art". On the example of the work of the French impressionist artist E. Manet, the originality of the artistic direction "impressionism" and its characteristic features are shown.
Use of Masks as a Preventative Public Health Strategy to Limit the Spread of COVID-19
Authors: Bartfay Wally , Bartfay Wally , Ali Marina
Published: March 2021

SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease that has caused a global pandemic of unprecedented proportions. There has been a lot of discussion and debate in social media and by public health experts about the effectiveness of masks as a preventative strategy to decrease transmission of this virus. There are two modes in which mask may be beneficial: i) To serve as a physical barrier against the virus entering or leaving the oral-nasal passages of mask wearers, and ii) to decrease the risk that the person wearing the mask might pass the virus on to someone else (e.g., via coughing). The focus of this review is on the efficacy of different masks-types, and their demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating transmission from a global perspective. Our findings reveal that the use of commercially manufactured mask greatly decreases the distribution of COVID-19, whereas single layer homemade masks also provide protection by decreasing the viral dose of exposure and limit outward aerosol particle emissions. We argue that masks are a critical component in the arsenal of public health strategies to decrease transmission of viruses, including handwashing, maintaining social distancing (2 meters), limiting large gatherings of people, isolation of suspected cases, screening, and contact tracing.
مستوى رضا الطلبة عن معايير ومؤشرات معلمي العلوم في الحُكم على قدراتهم العلمية
Authors: موسى مصلح سامية , حسن بني خلف محمود
Published: March 2021

دفت هذه الدراسة إلى استقصاء مستوى رضا الطلبة عن معايير ومؤشرات معلمي العلوم في الحُكم على قدراتهم العلمية. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم جمع البيانات من خلال مقابلة أجريت مع (44) معلماً ومعلمة، واستبانة مكونة من (28) فقرة تم اشتقاق فقراتها من المعايير والمؤشرات التي ذكرها المعلمين في مقابلاتهم وعددها (28) مؤشراً، ووُزعت على (675) طالباً وطالبة من طلبة الصف العاشر في المدارس الحكومية في قصبة إربد. أظهرت النتائج أن هناك ثلاثة معايير أساسية هي (المعيار العلمي؛ ويتضمن (15) مؤشراً فرعياً، والمعيار الشخصي؛ ويتضمن (9) مؤشرات فرعية، والمعيار الاجتماعي؛ ويتضمن (4) مؤشرات فرعية)، يستخدمها معلمو العلوم في الحكم على قدرات الطلبة العلمية. وكان مستوى رضا الطلبة عن معايير ومؤشرات معلمي العلوم في الحكم على قدراتهم العلمية منخفض بشكل عام. وفي ضوء النتائج قدم الباحثان عدداً من التوصيات أبرزها عقد دورات تدريبية للمعلمين لتعزيز فهمهم لمعايير التقييم، وتوعيتهم بأهمية توضيح هذه المعايير للطلبة.
مدارس علمية عُمانية رائدة- مدرسة الشيخ حبيب بن سالم أمبوسعيدي (ق12هـ/ 18م)
Authors: بن سالم البوسعيدي خلفان , بن راشد الصوافي سعيد , بن ناصر السالمي محسن , بن سالم الوهيبي مسلم
Published: March 2021

يزخرُ المجتمعُ العماني بمدارسَ رائدة، وذات قيمةٍ علميةٍ كبيرة، كانت ولا تزال بمثابة جامعات وكليات يتخرجُ منها أفواجٌ مِنَ الطلبة، مُزودين بمناهل الشريعة الغراء، ومُرتوين مِنْ حياض الدِّين الإسلامي وأصول شريعته وفروعها المختلفة، وقد ظهرتْ عبر حِقب التاريخ كثيرٌ مِنْ تلك المدارس العلمية التي ازدانت بحلق الذِّكرِ واستوعبتْ العديد مِنْ طلاب العلم الشريف. وقد تناولتْ هذه الدراسة مدرسةً عزَّ مثيلها وندر نظيرها، أمَّها كثيرٌ مِنْ طلبة العلم، وتخرّج من بين أروقتها مجموعة من العلماء الكبار، إنها مدرسة الشيخ العلامة حبيب بن سالم بن سعيد أمبوسعيدي، التي أنشأها في بداية منتصف القرن الثاني عشر الهجري في مَحَلة عقْر نزوى، والتي تُعنى بجوانب كثيرةٍ مِنَ المعرفة، لاسيما اللغة العربية والفقه وأصوله، وهذه الدراسة تعتمدُ اعتماداً كلياً على المنهجين الاستقرائي والوصفي، في بيان مظاهر هذه المدرسة التي استمرتْ أكثر مِنْ نصف قرن، وكان أثرُها كبيراً وتخرَّج منها دعاةٌ وعلماء، وقادةٌ وأدباء، كان لهم القِدح المُعلَّى في ميدان العلم والمعرفة.
الضغوط النفسية وعلاقتها بالإستراتيجيات المعرفية لتنظيم الانفعال لدى طالبات الجامعات المقبلات على التخرج بمدينة الرياض
Authors: بنت فهد بن دايل أفنان
Published: March 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف إلى الضغوط النفسية وعلاقتها بالإستراتيجيات المعرفية لتنظيم الانفعال لدى طالبات الجامعات المقبلات على التخرج، وقد استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي بشقيه الارتباطي والمقارن، وتكونت العينة من (242) طالبة مقبلة على التخرج، واستخدمت الباحثة: مقياس الضغوط النفسية، ومقياس الإستراتيجيات المعرفية لتنظيم الانفعال. وأظهرت أهم النتائج أن هناك علاقة طردية ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.01) بين الضغوط النفسية وكل من (لوم الذات- ولوم الآخرين- واجترار الأفكار السلبية- والتهويل) لدى طالبات الجامعات المقبلات على التخرج، وبينت النتائج أن هناك علاقة عكسية ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.01) بين الضغوط النفسية وكل من (إعادة التركيز الإيجابي- والتركيز على الخطط- وإعادة التقييم الإيجابي- ووضع الأمور في نصابها) لدى طالبات الجامعات المقبلات على التخرج، وأظهرت أيضًا أن هناك فروقًا ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.05) فأقل بين متوسطات درجات طالبات الجامعات المقبلات على التخرج من المتأخرات دراسيًّا والمتفوقات دراسيًّا في الدرجة الكلية للضغوط النفسية وأبعادها الفرعية المتمثلة في (الضغوط الأسرية- والضغوط الدراسية- وضغوط أوقات الفراغ) وذلك في اتجاه الطالبات المتأخرات دراسيًّا، وأظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.05) فأقل بين متوسطات درجات طالبات الجامعات المقبلات على التخرج من المتأخرات دراسيًّا والمتفوقات دراسيًّا في إستراتيجيات التنظيم الانفعالي المتعلقة بالتهويل وذلك في اتجاه الطالبات المتأخرات دراسيًّا.
أثر توظيف استراتيجيات التعلم النشط في تنمية مهارات التفكير الناقد في مادة الفيزياء لدى طلبة المرحلة الأساسية العُليا في الأردن
Authors: علي الزبون ماجد , خطايبة عبدالله , توفيق السعدي عماد
Published: March 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن أثر توظيف ثلاث استراتيجيات للتعلم النشط في تنمية مهارات التفكير الناقد في مادة الفيزياء لدى طلبة المرحلة الأساسية العُليا في الأردن. تكونت عينة الدراسة من(99) طالباً من طلبة الصف العاشر الأساسي في مدرسة منشية بني حسن الثانوية للبنين، تم توزيعهم في أربع مجموعات وعدد أفراد كل منها(25) طالباً، تم اختيارها بالطريقة القصدية، وزعت الشعب عشوائياً على استراتيجيات التدريس. إحداهما ضابطة والثلاث الأخرى تجريبية درست المجموعة الأولى بإستراتيجية الخرائط الذهنية، ودرست المجموعة الثانية بإستراتيجية التعلم التعاوني، أما المجموعة الثالثة فقد درست بإستراتيجية التعلم بالنمذجة، وأما المجموعة الضابطة فقد درست بالطريقة الاعتيادية، واستخدم في الدراسة مقياس مهارات التفكير الناقد بعد التأكد من صدقه وثباته. وأظهرت النتائج وجود أثر إيجابي في تنمية مهارات التفكير الناقد لصالح المجموعات التجريبية لدى الطلبة، وتمت التوصية بإجراء المزيد من الدراسات للتعرف على أثر توظيف إستراتيجيات التعلم النشط في تنمية مهارات أخرى من مهارات القرن الحادي والعشرين لدى طلبة المرحلة الأساسية العُليا في الأردن.
أثر استخدام استراتيجية تدريسية قائمة على عادات العقل في تطوير الكفاءة الرياضية لدى طلبة المرحلة الأساسية في الأردن
Authors: اسماعيل المفلح روان , محمد الشناق مأمون , يوسف جوارنة طارق
Published: March 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة أثر استخدام استراتيجية تدريسية قائمة على عادات العقل في تطوير الكفاءة الرياضية لدى طلبة المرحلة الأساسية في الأردن. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف؛ أعد الباحثون اختباراً في الكفاءة الرياضية وتحققوا من صدقه وثباته. تم اختيار عينة متيسرة تتكون من (47) طالبة من الصف الثامن في إحدى المدارس التابعة لمديرية التربية والتعليم للواء قصبة المفرق. تم تقسيم العينة إلى مجموعتين. تم تعيين مجموعة واحدة تتكون من (25) طالبة بشكل عشوائي كمجموعة تجريبية، وتم تدريسها وحدة الجبر باستخدام استراتيجية تدريسية قائمة على عادات العقل. أما المجموعة الأخرى والتي تتكون من (22) طالبة تم تعيينها كمجموعة ضابطة وتم تدريسها وحدة الجبر باستخدام الطريقة الاعتيادية. تم تطبيق اختبار الكفاءة الرياضية على المجموعتين الضابطة والتجريبية قبل وبعد تنفيذ التجربة. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في الكفاءة الرياضية لدى الطالبات تعزى إلى طريقة التدريس لصالح طالبات المجموعة التجريبية التي تم تدريسها باستخدام استراتيجية تدريسية قائمة على عادات العقل. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة أوصى الباحثون بتعريف معلمي الرياضيات بعادات العقل واستخدامها في تدريس الرياضيات.
Technology of primary knapping in the complex of layer 5 at the Eiopleistocene site of Bayraki in the Dniester region
Authors:   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, N. Anisyutkin
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with technological analysis of the complex of the Early Palaeolithic of Transnistria from layer 5 at the site of Bayraki dating from the Eiopleistocene (Jaramillo event, 1 mil. BP). Among the collection (888 items), all the categories of lithics are represented including nuclei, flakes and chips, while the pebble forms are tools on flakes. The stone industry is based on large pebble forms from sandstone and abundant small flint artefacts. Comparison of the industry from layer 5 with Oldowan complexes demonstrates their marked similarity. These nonsimultaneous industries can be attributed to a single technocomplex of Mode 1.
Methods of stable isotopes in investigations of archaeological objects (application and last results)
Authors:   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G. Zaytseva , N. Burova ,   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Rishko ,   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A. Sementsov ,   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, O. Lokhova ,   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

This paper demonstrates the possibilities of isotope methods and the prospects of their application for analyses of archaeological materials. This information may be helpful for archaeologists in order to correct the direction of their investigations and to develop the optimal methodological approach to solution of particular problems.
Interdisciplinary investigation of jet buckles of the Xiongnu epoch with inlay
Authors:   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, N. Kurganov ,   Saint-Petersburg State Universiry, S. Havrin ,   The State Hermitage Museum, I. Grigor'yeva ,   The State Hermitage Museum, K. Chugunova ,   The State Hermitage Museum, A. Povolotskaya ,   Saint-Petersburg State Universiry, D. Pan'kin ,   Saint-Petersburg State Universiry, A. Kurochkin ,   Saint-Petersburg State Universiry
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the results of natural science studies of the base and colour inlay of four buckles of the Xiongnu period: three from the burial ground of Ala-Tey 1 (Tuva) and one from the cemetery of Kamenka V (Khakassia). Buckles with many-coloured incrustation and the best preserved inserts were selected for examination. The base of the buckles was made from fossilized coal, probably of the boghead type. Among the inlay materials of the buckles, cornelian, moganite, turquoise, fuchsite and nacre were identified.
Archaeological complexes of the steppe type and the problem of absolute dating of the Chust culture of the FerganaValley
Authors:   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yu. Kutimov , I. Tutaeva ,   The State Hermitage Museum
Published: March 2021

According to the results of natural-scientific methods of dating, the lower boundary of the absolute chronology of the Chust culture of the Fergana Valley of the Late Bronze Age — Early Iron Age is presently dated to the 15th–14th century BC. However, this date runs contrary to stratigraphic and comparative-typological evidence from the sites of the “Community of painted pottery” of Central Asia. Analysis of the mutual occurrence of Chust and steppe components at sites of the Fergana Valley allows archaeologists to define the time of the existence of the Chust culture to within the 12th–9th century BC.
“Criminal case no. 2782-31 charged against counter-revolutionary activities of Repnikov N. I. and a group of individuals”
Authors:   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, N. Abramova
Published: March 2021

In March of 1931, the archaeologist Nikolay I. Repnikov was arrested. The causes and circumstances of his detention have been unknown for many years. The judicial inquiry is here described basing on the rather not easily accessible documents from the Archives of the Russian FSB of the city of Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast. Records of the interrogations of the scholar are presented and information on the organisation and activities of the Eski-Kermen expedition is published.
Personal archives of V. A. Gorodtsov and the experience of their scientific use (after materials of registration and inquiry of OPI SHM)
Authors:   The State Historical Museum, N. Demirova
Published: March 2021

Since 1989, documents of the prominent Russian archaeologist Vasiliy A. Gorodtsov are available for scientific studies. Registration of various documents conducted at the Department of Written Sources of the State His- torical Museum (OPI SHM) allows the researchers to analyse and systemize the practice of the scientific usage of the museum’s documentary collection. In the present paper, summary data are presented on the academic belonging of the researchers who studied materials from these archives, the geography of the scientific centres which they represented and analysis of the subjects of the investigations carried out. This study has resulted in sketching the general situation of the historiographic use of documents from V. A. Gorodtsov’s archives and outlining of the presumable directions of the fur- ther examination of the scholar’s archives and, particularly, of the study of the system of the archaeologist’s professional communications and of his ‘creative laboratory’.
On the problem of the boundaries of the distribution of Tagar sites in the Minusinsk Depressions
Authors:   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A. Subbotin
Published: March 2021

This paper describes the dynamics of the evolution of the Tagar culture at the early and advanced stages of its existence in the area of the Minusinsk Depressions. Opinions of a number of researchers concerning the expansion of the zone of settlement of Tagar tribes as well as the transformation of their burial tradition are analysed in detail. The main vector of the Tagar infiltration was directed to the forest-steppe zone of the Sayan region, while the initial oc- cupation of this territory by the Tagar people began not earlier than the 6th century BC. Here the stages and peculiarities of settlement of the northernmost depression, i. e. the Nazarovo one, by the Tagarians are considered.
Role and place of levofloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Dmytriiev D V , Nazarchuk O A , Babina Yu M
Published: March 2021

Lower respiratory tract infections are the third mortality cause in the world and the first mortality cause in low-income countries. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a dangerous infectious pathology, especially in children younger than 5 years, elderly people and patients with compromised immunity. Antibiotic therapy is a standard treatment method for CAP. But an increase in antibiotics use caused a development of resistance in bacteria and onset of adverse events in humans. A new class of fluorchinolones is widely used nowadays in clinical practice. They have good activity against Gram-negative bacteria, as early chinolones, as well as against Gram-positive bacteria, such as pneumococci and atypical bacteria. An increasing amount of penicillin-resistant streptococcal pneumonia leads to more intensive studies of the use of new chinolones. In this review the data of 750 mg levofloxacin is presented. It is used in short courses for the treatment of severe and moderate CAP. Taking into account the broad spectrum of activity of levofloxacin ad bactericidal activity of this antibiotic, it can be a potential alternative therapy for the treatment of children and adults with CAP, especially with a tendency of an increase in antibiotic resistance of pneumococcus.
On the Touch-Event
Authors: Napolitano Valentina
Published: March 2021

This article addresses the ‘touch-event’ as a mediated affective encounter that pivots around a tension between intimacy and distance, seduction and sovereignty, investment and withdrawal. Through a rereading of the Pauline event of conversion to Christianity, it argues that an analysis of the evolving significance of touch-events for Catholic liturgy and a religious congregation shows the theopolitical as always already constituted within an economy of enfleshed virtues. Focusing on contemporary examples of touch-events from the life of Francis, the first pope from the Americas, as well as from fieldwork among a group of female Latin American Catholic migrants in Rome, I argue for a closer examination of touch-events in order to grasp some of their theopolitical, radical, emancipatory, and, in some contexts, subjugating effects.
Spelling Performance of Phonemes /F/ and /P/ among Pashto Speaking Students in Mardan, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Palwasha , Qureshi Abdul Waheed , Tariq Nimra
Published: March 2021

This study is about the spelling performance of phonemes /f/ and /p/ among Pashtun students. It analyzes the role of the position of the target phonemes, the role of the level of education and that of gender on the spelling performance of the students. A questionnaire of 30 words was developed and was surveyed in a sample of 64 students equally divided between male and female respondents. 16 students (8 male and 8 female) were randomly selected from SSC, Intermediate, Graduate and Post Graduate classes, and their responses were analyzed. The results show that the Pashtun students find it difficult to differentiate between /f/ and /p/; however, with an increase in the level of education of the students, the spelling performance improves. Moreover, the position of the phoneme in words has less effect on the spelling performance of the students but, gender plays a significant role, and the male students have more difficulty in spelling the target phonemes than the female students.
Exposure to Social Media Advertisements and Youth's Response
Authors: Iqbal Ashraf , Hussain Tanveer , Aslam Rashid
Published: March 2021

The major purpose of this study is to examine the effects of social media advertising on the purchase behaviour of young university students. The study employed an exploratory research design and cross-sectional survey technique. On the basis of a comprehensive literature review, research hypotheses were formulated to investigate the relationship between study variables. The primary data were collected using questionnaires from students of public sector universities operating in the city of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Non-probability and convenience sampling were adopted in the selection of target respondents, which were 283 students, both day-scholars and boarding students. The findings reveal that social media advertising affects the purchasing behaviour of social media users. The recommendations of the study are that the companies should concentrate more on promotional activities using social networks as this is more effective, less costly and accessible to a large number of target audiences.
Impact of the conjugation construction of the apron section structure with the tailrace on water flow kinematics
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Tishchenko A. I.
Published: March 2021

Purpose: to determine the impact of the conjugation construction of the apron section structure with the downstream on the water flow kinematics with the use of the performed field and laboratory studies data and their processing. The relevance of this issue lies in the fact that in case of unsatisfactory conjugation of the apron with the discharge canal slopes, negative phenomena are formed in it in the form of faulty currents, whirlpools at the canal slopes, etc., affecting the stability of the apron conjugation, creating a threat to the stability of the structure itself. Materials and Methods: the materials were the data of field studies carried out on a number of hydraulic structures of irrigation systems in Stavropol Territory, as well as on models in laboratory conditions with the identification of the impact of conjugation structures of the apron with the discharge canal slopes on the water flow distribution in tailrace. The measurement of velocities in natural conditions was carried out by observing the integrating floats movement in the discharge canals. On the model, the velocities were measured using a miniflowmeter, and the trajectories were traced using luminous floats. Results: graphs of the dependence of the sought factors on the known parameters were built on the basis of the information obtained, and using the methods of mathematical statistics, the coefficient of the conjugation of the apron structure with the canal slopes in tailrace was obtained. The result of the research was an empirical dependence for determining the flow velocity along its dynamic axis, which is the scientific novelty of the research performed. Conclusions: the type of conjugation of the apron of the structure with the distribution canal slopes has a great influence on the hydraulic flow regime on the apron and in the discharge canal. Each type of conjugation creates a sudden expansion of the flow on the apron, which affects the value of the average flow velocity along the dynamic axis, on which the deformation of the discharge canal depends.
To issue of gorges and ice jams in the Kuban river basin
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Ponomarenko T. S. , Breeva A. V. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: March 2021

Purpose: analysis of quantitative indicators of actual сongestion and ice jams in the Kuban river basin with subsequent intra-basin zoning of the parameters studied. Materials and Methods: data from hydrometeorological observations of ice phenomena were used. The summary calculation of the quantitative indicators of gorges and ice jams along the river Kuban, as well as for each basin of tributaries of the first order was carried out. Results: as a result of the analysis, it was found that the cases of maximum ice jams above the “0” graph in the river Kuban basin were observed more often than the maximum gorge rises. On the river Kuban the number of jams was 90, gorges – 64; in the river Belaya basin number of jamming phenomena was 96, gorges – 9; in the river Laba basin – 43 ice jams and 18 gorges; on the river Pshish the number of jams – 31, gorges – 6; in the river basin Urup the number of jams is 10, and the number of gorges is 20; the river Bolshoi Zelenchuk basin has 25 jams, and 5 gorges. The maximum rise in the water level during jams was 248 cm on the river Pshish at the Bzhedukhovskaya gauging station. The highest water level during gorge events was also recorded on the river Pshish in the aul Teuchezhkhabl and amounted to 386 cm. Most of the recorded cases of water level rise in the presence of gorge phenomena occur at the end of December and the second decade of February. There are no observational series of gorge events at most gauging stations, but, according to available data, most gorge events occur at the end of January and the second decade of February. Conclusions: gorges and ice jams are very dangerous natural phenomena and therefore require promptness and accuracy of forecasting. The solution of such problems is impossible without a network of hydrological posts and observation points, which is currently underdeveloped. Therefore, thickening and improving the existing observational network is one of the main solutions to this issue.
Faith and Disbelief of Friedrich Nietzsche
Authors: Иванов Михаил Степанович
Published: March 2021

В статье анализируются феномены веры и неверия в миросозерцании знаменитого немецкого философа Фридриха Ницше. При этом отмечается, что их специфика обнаруживает себя на фоне тотального пессимизма всего творчества философа, доходящего до того, что автором отрицается не только Бог, религиозная вера, но и все вообще формы мировоззрения и даже существование самой истины, а его вера в сверхчеловека оказывается абсолютно утопической, ибо своё основание она находит в культе силы по ту сторону добра и зла. Внимание читателя статьи обращается также на то, что Ницше при всех неоспоримых достоинствах его литературного стиля в своих суждениях и выводах не всегда последователен, а иногда даже и противоречив. Печальный религиозно-философский опыт, в котором немецкий философ хотя и пытался, по выражению Е. Трубецкого, «осмыслить свой атеизм», сделал тем не менее из Ницше «бесприютного скитальца мысли».

The article analyzes the phenomena of faith and disbelief in the worldview of the famous German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. At the same time, it is noted that their specificity reveals itself against the background of total pessimism of all the creativity of the philosopher, reaching the point that the author denies not only God, religious faith, but all forms of worldview and even the existence of the truth itself, and his faith in the Superman is absolutely utopian, because it finds its basis in the cult of power on the other side of good and evil. The attention of the reader is also drawn to the fact that Nietzsche, despite all the undeniable advantages of his literary style in his judgments and conclusions, is not always consistent, and sometimes even contradictory. The sad religious and philosophical experience in which the German philosopher though tried, in E. Trubetskoy’s expression, «to comprehend the atheism», made nevertheless of Nietzsche «the homeless wanderer of thought».
IMPLEMENTASI NASKAH AKADEMIK DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DAERAH NOMOR 15 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PENYERTAAN MODAL PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA KEPADA PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA
Authors: Syuhada Otong , Ariyanti Nita
Published: March 2021

Tahap perencanaan merupakan tahap pertama yang dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan pembentukan peraturan daerah yang baik. Salah satu kegiatan perencanaan pembentukan peraturan daerah adalah penyusunan naskah akademik. Melalui kajian dan penyusunan naskah akademik diharapkan peraturan daerah yang dibentuk dapat memenuhi pencapaian tujuan pembentukan, dapat dilaksanakan dan ditegakan. Namun dalam pembentukan Pearaturan Daerah Kabupaten Majalengka Nomor 15 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyertaan Modal Pemerintah Kabupaten Majalengka Kepada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Kabupaten Majalengka tidak disertai naskah akademik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pembentukan peraturan daerah dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan tidak adanya naskah akademik dalam pembentukan peraturan daerah di Kabupaten Majalengka. Berbagai teori yang dipakai untuk mengkaji penelitian ini adalah teori negara hukum, teori hukum murni, teori otonomi daerah, teori pembagian kekuasaan, teori legislasi, teori produk hukum daerah dan teori naskah akademik.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif karena dalam pelaksanaannya meliputi data, analisis dan interprestasi tentang arti dan data yang diperoleh. Penelitian deskriptif merupakan penelitian yang berusaha mengdePenelitiankan dan menginterprestasikan sesuatu, misalnya kondisi atau hubungan yang ada, pendapat yang berkembang, proses yang sedang berlangsung, akibat atau efek yang terjadi, atau tentang kecenderungan yang sedang berlangsung.

Hasil penelitian Penulis menunjukan bahwa Peraturan Daerah Nomor 15 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyertaan Modal Pemerintah Kabupaten Majalengka Kepada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Kabupaten Majalengka dibentuk diluar prolegda Kabupaten Majalengka dan mengalami cacat prosedur atau tidak sesuai dengan sistem hukum nasional karena dalam pembentukannya tidak disertai naskah akademik. Hal ini merupakan kemunduran dalam pembentukan peraturan daerah.
KAJIAN YURIDIS PENGGUNAAN GANJA SEBAGAI METODE KESEHATAN DIKAITKAN DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 36 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG KESEHATAN JO UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG
Authors: Kurniawati Rani Dewi , Fadilah Fahmi Ihwani
Published: March 2021

Sebagian masyarakat di Indonesia saat ini berpendapat kalau ganja adalah tanaman yang bisa menjerumuskan manusia dalam hidup yang penuh dosa, penyakit dan kecanduan. Ganja juga dikenal secara negatif oleh masyarakat sebagai tanaman yang mendekatkan kematian, tanaman yang dicari dan diburu oleh pemakainya hanya untuk kesenangan sesaat. Sehingga yang terjadi tidak sesuai dengan yang di harapkan oleh masyarakat ketika mereka berupaya mempertahankan hidup dengan memanfaatkan ganja untuk kesehatan, mereka justru terhalang oleh beberapa paradigma negatif yang menyebutkan bahwa ganja sepenuhnya tanaman yang berbahaya. Masalah yang akan dituangkan adalah bagaimana proses penggunaan ganja sebagai metode kesehatan serta bagaimana akibat hukum jika pemanfaatan tanaman ganja dijadikan sebuah metode atau alternatif untuk kesehatan.Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari studi literatur. Setelah data terkumpul, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif.Masyarakat sampai saat ini masih menggunakan ganja untuk berbagai kebutuhan termasuk di dalamnya untuk metode pengobatan. Dalam literatur kebudayaan di Indonesia, ganja digunakan sejak dahulu kala dan turun-temurun. Akan tetapi banyaknya penyalahgunaan ganja, sehingga penggunaan ganja di Indonesia masih harus dihadapkan dengan hukum yang di dalam undang-undang tersebut tidak disebutkan bahwa ada izin penggunaan ganja untuk segi medis karena alasan belum adanya riset bahwa ganja aman dikonsumsi.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP GURU DALAM MELAKSANAKAN TUGAS KEPROFESIONALANNYA DIKAITKAN DENGAN PUNISHMENT DALAM MENDISIPLINKAN SISWA
Authors: Sudibyo Ateng , Kiyamudin Eki
Published: March 2021

Tindakan hukuman disiplin yang dilakukan oleh guru, yang pada waktu dulu dianggap biasa-biasa saja, kini telah bergeser dan dinilai melanggar HAM. Akibatnya, guru seperti menghadapi dilema, di satu sisi guru harus menegakkan disiplin dan tata tertib sekolah, sementara disisi lain, khawatir dikriminalisasi oleh orang tua atau LSM pembela anak atas tuduhan melakukan kekerasan terhadap anak. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi perlindungan hukum terhadap guru dalam memberikan punishment untuk mendisiplinkan Siswanya. Untuk merumuskan konsep perlindungan hukum terhadap guru dalam melaksanakan tugas keprofesionalannya di masa yang akan datang.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tertier sebagai data utama. Setelah data sekunder dan primer terkumpul, kemudian diadakan analisis secara kualitatif

Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 14 tahun 2005 tentang guru dan dosen secara tegas telah melindungi profesi guru dan dosen, namun dalam tataran implementasi kekuatan undang-undang tersebut masih belum terlihat berkontribusi terhadap nasib guru sebagai tenaga pendidik. Tindakan yang dilakukan guru untuk mendisiplikan murid  dalam batasan-batasan tertentu dan  dipandang mempunyai tujuan yang baik oleh semua orang, dapat mengesampingkan sanksi pidana. Hal ini bertujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi guru dalam melaksanakan tugas keprofesionalannya.
Comparative assessment of the possibilities of multispiral computer tomography and ultrasound dopplerography in the verification of atherosclerotic lesions of major vessels
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, PRASKURNICHIY E. A. , KNYAZEV A. N. ,   Clinical and Diagnostic Center of the Federal Clinical Center of High Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, BEGUNOVA I. I. ,   Kaluga Regional Clinical Hospital
Published: March 2021

The purpose — to compare the diagnostic potential of multispiral computer tomography and ultrasound dopplerography in the assessment of atherosclerotic lesions of the cerebral arteries in metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. The study included 78 patients. The group consisted of 44 men (56,4%) and 34 women (43,6%); the average age was 62 ± 1,2 years. Coronary heart disease was detected in 54 (69,2%), and no signs were registered in 24 (30,8%). Anamnestically, 19 (24,4%) people were diagnosed with a stroke, and 18 (23%) people had a myocardial infarction. 42 people (53,8%) had verified dyscirculatory encephalopathy of various degrees. 34 (43,6%) people suffered from hypertension. 42 people had disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: 12 (15,3%) — type 2 diabetes, 30 (38,4%) — metabolic syndrome. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) persons without metabolic syndrome — 48 people (61.5% of the total number of examined); 2) persons with metabolic syndrome without type 2 diabetes — 18 people (23,1% of the total number of examined); 3) persons with type 2 diabetes — 12 people (15,4% of the total number of examined). Results. Atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries were detected in 78 people by multispiral computer tomography and in 51 patients by ultrasound dopplerography of these vessels. Conclusions. In general, the use of multispiral computer tomography to detect atherosclerotic lesions of the vascular bed is the most preferable in comparison with ultrasound dopplerography, especially in patients with a high risk of cardiovascular events. While for patients who do not belong to this group, ultrasound dopplerography (a simple, accessible, informative technique) can be used as the primary screening.
Character of clinical and metabolic disorders caused by acetylsalicylic acid acute poisoning
Authors:   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, YATSINYUK B. B. , SOKOLOVA A. A. ,   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, GAVRIKOV P. P. ,   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, LAPTEV A. M. ,   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy
Published: March 2021

Acute poisonings with non-opioid and analgesic antipyretics are the most frequent among other nosological groups of poisonings. The purpose. To evaluate the incidence of acute chemical trauma caused by acetylsalicylic acid poisoning in the structure of poisoning in the territory, as well as the functional systems’ disorders in the toxigenic period of poisoning and options of pathogenic therapy depending on the severity of condition and results of diagnostic methods. Materials and methods. Epidemiological analysis of poisoning in the territory was held according to the report form 64. In 2 groups (intermediate degree — n = 17; severe degree — n = 10) we assessed the functional system disorders to structure the intensive therapy options. Results. The number of poisonings caused by acetylsalicylic acid in 2008–2017 did not exceed 0,84 cases per 100 thousand population. The intermediate severity group with 32,2 (6,1) mg% toxicant volume had neurotoxic effect, metabolic acidosis — рН 7,28 (0,05), НСО3 — 19,8 (3,7) mmol/l, BE — 6,5 (3,9) mmol/l, respiratory alkalosis — раСО2 32,6 (2,6) mm Hg, plasma osmolarity — 302 (11,1) mmol/l and glucose level — 7,06 (0,53) mmol/l. In case of serious poisoning while plasma toxicant volume is higher than 41 мg%, neurotoxic disorders were more expressed, indicators of acid-alkaline condition — рН 7,2 (0,07), раСО2 — 31,8 (2,8) mm Hg, НСО3 — 18,4 (4,7) mmol/l, BE — 10,5 (3,9) mmol/l, lactate — 3,6 (0,7) mmol/l, aniongape > 18 m.e/l, hyperglycemia was observed — 8,78 (5,11) mmol/l and plasma osmolarity changed — 309 (8,0) mmol/l. In case of intermediate and severe poisoning, intensive therapy should be aimed for removing the unabsorbed poison: washing of stomach, enterosorption, intestinal lavage, toxicant and its metabolites elimination (completion of OTsK — volume of blood circulation), forced diuresis, acid-alkaline balance correction (1–2 mmol/kg while toxigenic period with maintaining 7,0–7,5 urine рН gap. When using therapy options, it is necessary to consider possible development of acute renal and liver failure, coagulopathies and change of glucose level in blood. Conclusions. Definition of acute poisoning severity on the basis of violations of functional systems is the key factor in prescribing the pathogenetic therapy.
Pharmacokinetics of levodopa and personalized therapy in Parkinson’s disease
Authors:   M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Institute of Medicine, TAPPAKHOV A. A. , POPOVA T. E. ,   Yakutsk Scientific Center for Complex Medical Problems, GOVOROVA T. G. ,   M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Institute of Medicine, KHABAROVA Yu. I. ,   Yakutsk Scientific Center for Complex Medical Problems, SHNAYDER N. A. ,   V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology
Published: March 2021

The article provides a review of the pharmacokinetics of levodopa and personalized therapy for Parkinson’s disease. We analyzed the methods used to prolong the action of levodopa using peripheral inhibitors of DOPA decarboxylase, catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors. The influence of levodopa metabolites with their own biological activity in the possible progression of the disease is emphasized. The role of determining the concentration of levodopa in blood plasma is discussed, as well as the concept of «continuous dopamine stimulation» for the prevention and treatment of side effects of long-term levodopa therapy, such as drug dyskinesias, motor and non-motor fluctuations. The article also provides an overview of the modern forms of levodopa that are currently being investigated.
Multiple sclerosis in the Republic of Tatarstan: epidemiological and clinical characteristics
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy, KHABIROV F. A. , KHAYBULLIN T. I. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, GRANATOV E. V. ,   Republican Clinical Neurological Centre, AVERIANOVA L. A. ,   Republican Clinical Neurological Centre, BABICHEVA N. N. ,   Republican Clinical Neurological Centre, SABIROV Zh. F. ,   Republican Clinical Neurological Centre, SHIKHOVA V. A. ,   Republican Clinical Neurological Centre, YAKUPOV M. A. ,   Republican Clinical Neurological Centre
Published: March 2021

The purpose — to clarify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT). Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the register of MS patients in RT from 2015 to 2019 was carried out. The sample size was 2351 patients. The type of MS course, disease duration, clinical characteristics, including EDSS and MSSS scores, used by disease modifying therapies (DMT) were analyzed. Results and conclusions. The prevalence of MS in RT continues to grow and has increased by 29% over a 5-year period (from 46,6 to 60,3 per 100,000 population in 2015 and 2019, respectively). The incidence has relatively stabilized and averages 4,2 cases per 100,000 population per year. The dominant type of MS course in RT is remitting (51,3%), patients with progressive forms account for 48,7%, including those with primary progressive MS (6,9%). In RT, a positive tendency towards a more favorable course of the disease with a decrease in the degree of patients’ disability was traced, mainly due to early diagnosis and timely prescription of adequate treatment with DMT. The problem of timely diagnosis of MS in children and adolescents and in the primary progressive course of MS remains.
Comorbidity of tic hyperkineses with impulsive disorders
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, MUNASIPOVA S. E. , ZALYALOVA Z. A. ,   Republic Clinical and Diagnostic Center for Movement Disorders and Botulinum Therapy of the Republic of Tatarstan, KHASANOVA D. M. ,   Republic Clinical and Diagnostic Center for Movement Disorders and Botulinum Therapy of the Republic of Tatarstan
Published: March 2021

Tourette’s syndrome, the most common cause of tics, manifests itself in a wide range of motor and behavioral disorders and is found in men about three times more often than in women. The purpose — to establish the comorbidity of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with tic hyperkinesis. Material and methods. The study included 111 patients with tic hyperkinesis of various ages and sex, who were outpatiently observed at the Clinical and Diagnostic Center for Movement Disorders and Botulinum Therapy of the Republic of Tatarstan from 2011 to 2014. Results and conclusions. In the group of patients we studied, tics were more common in males (in 71.6% of cases), and patients with Tourette’s syndrome were numerically predominant, taking into account the visits to the Clinical and Diagnostic Center for Movement Disorders and Botulinum Therapy of the Republic of Tatarstan. Clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorders were found not only in patients with Tourette’s syndrome, but they are characteristic of 53.2% of patients with tic hyperkinesis of various severity and phenomenology. Also, regardless of the structural and phenomenological characteristics of tic hyperkinesis, they were almost always associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with a predominance of hyperactivity.
Zur Förderung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses in der haushaltsbezogenen Bildung. Situationsbeschreibung aus einer Perspektive der HaBiFo-NEO Nachwuchsgruppe
Authors: Müller Heike , Oliva Guzmán Renán A. , Hinz Carsten
Published: March 2021

Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs ist bedeutsam für den Erhalt und Ausbau jeder Disziplin. Aktuell gibt es nur wenige empirische Erkenntnisse zur Situation in der haushaltsbezogenen Bildung. Im Beitrag werden ausgewählte Aspekte zur Situation der Nachwuchsförderung skizziert und Anknüpfungspunkte für die haushaltsbezogene Bildung vor dem Hintergrund erster Erfahrungen aus der 2019 gegründeten Nachwuchsgruppe HaBiFo-NEO diskutiert.
Professionalisierung für die Ernährungspraxis: Inanspruchnahme und Durchführungsrahmen in der Grundschule
Authors: Oliva Guzmán Renán A. , Schröder Ines , Dohnke Birte , Lührmann Petra
Published: March 2021

Non-formale Fortbildungsangebote für die Ernährungspraxis werden zunehmend angeboten und in Anspruch genommen. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden die Teilnehmenden eines bundesweiten Fortbildungsangebots, die Ernährungspraxis in der Grundschule aufgreifen möchten, hinsichtlich ihrer Qualifikation und Kompetenzen sowie den jeweiligen Rahmenbedingungen ihrer Tätigkeit in der Grundschule untersucht.
Gemüseverzehr von Hochschulangehörigen: Vom Wissen und Handeln
Authors: Nössler Carolin , Lührmann Petra
Published: March 2021

Obwohl Hochschulangehörige die Empfehlung für den Gemüseverzehr größtenteils kennen, wird diese im Mittel deutlich unterschritten. Ein Großteil ist unmotiviert, die Empfehlung zu erreichen. Zudem zeigt sich eine Diskrepanz zwischen tatsächlichem und selbsteingeschätztem Gemüseverzehr. Es ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit nach einer lebensweltbezogenen praxisorientierten Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema Gemüse sowie einer Umsetzung von verhältnispräventiven Maßnahmen.