bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evolution of musicality and cross-domain co-evolutionary interactions
Authors: Podlipniak Piotr
Published: June 2024

The evolution of human musicality has often been linked to the evolution of the faculty of language since the development of musical and linguistic abilities seems to share a common phase in their ontogenesis. Apart from that, both singing and speaking are, on the one hand, universal forms of human vocal expression and, on the other hand, consist of culturally specific elements. Such a probable co-occurrence of the predisposition to speak and sing, with the cultural variability of both these forms of communication, has prompted researchers to indicate gene–culture co-evolution as the probable mechanism responsible for the emergence of human musicality and the faculty of language. However, in most evolutionary scenarios proposed so far, the evolutionary paths of music and language followed independently after divergence from a common precursor. This article, based on observations of contemporary interactions between language and music, presents a different view in which musical and language-like forms of proto-communication interacted leading to the repurposing of some of their neural mechanisms. In this process, the Baldwinian interplay between plasticity and canalization has been proposed as the most probable evolutionary mechanism that shaped our musicality. The premises that support the presence of cross-domain co-evolutionary interactions in the contemporary communicative niche of Homo sapiens are indicated.
Moving Beyond Compliance and Toward Equity to Address Racial Disproportionality
Authors: Kramarczuk Voulgarides Catherine , Jacobs John , Lopez David , Barrio Brenda L.
Published: June 2024

The rights of approximately seven million students with disabilities in the United States are secured via the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Despite these protections, consequential inequities still need to be addressed. Racialized inequities in special education outcomes persist across classifications, placements, and disciplinary outcomes—often referred to as racial disproportionality. The disjuncture between the promises of IDEA and persistent racial disparities highlights an equity dilemma. We tackle this dilemma and provide recommendations for educators to move beyond IDEA compliance and toward equity when addressing racial disproportionality. We discuss how efforts to address the inequity can be re-imagined across personal, classroom, and system levels. We provide three broad recommendations responsive to IDEA provisions and the myriad of root causes contributing to racial disproportionality.
A Multilevel Analysis of Individual and Community Factors Associated With Case Dispositions Following Child Maltreatment Investigations
Authors: Barboza-Salerno Gia E. , Steinke Hannah , Meshelemiah Jacquelyn C.A. , Stanek Charis , Duhany Sharefa , Cash Scottye
Published: June 2024

Understanding service disposition pathways is critical to provide deeper insight into why certain subgroups of the population are at risk for recurrent Child Protective Services (CPS) involvement and may highlight disparities across groups or geographic areas. Using the Decision-Making Ecology Framework as a lens, the present study examines whether service disposition pathways are influenced by risk assessment, safety concerns, child age, maltreatment type, previous CPS involvement, and/or county-level structural vulnerability. We linked administrative data from New Mexico’s Department of Children, Youth and Families (DCYF) to data from the American Community Survey. Multilevel models examining associations between case ( N = 12,960) and county ( N = 33) characteristics revealed that both case (age, maltreatment type, risk/safety assessments, previous CPS involvement) and county-level factors (transportation and housing) were associated with service disposition. Additionally, we observed considerable variation at the county level in both the provision of services and the relationship between risk assessment and service provision. By linking different factors of the decision-making process in child welfare cases to intervention strategies, the analysis reveals that the perception of risk can vary based on geographical context resulting in different outcomes for families who have similar risks but different county-level vulnerabilities.
Neurodynamics of Relational Aesthetic Engagement in Creative Arts Therapies
Authors: Vaisvaser Sharon , King Juliet L. , Orkibi Hod , Aleem Hassan
Published: June 2024

Aesthetic experiences, emerging saliently in the arts, play a pivotal role in transformative learning and creative processes that elicit physiological, affective, and cognitive responses associated with mental health indices. Interactions between subjects and aesthetic objects (e.g., visual artwork, music, and moving bodies) often entail elements of surprise and uncertainty that drive the inference of the hidden causes in the subject’s internal and external environment. These generate dynamics that align with the action-oriented Predictive Processing framework of brain function. Creative Arts Therapies (CATs) harness these dynamics by cultivating relational engagement using the arts modalities, prompting affective and cognitive processing. In this manuscript, we offer a review and conceptual analysis of recent empirical findings and theoretical premises that underpin aesthetic experiences and their relation to the psychotherapeutic use of the arts with a broad spectrum of populations and mental health conditions. We present a neuroscience-based approach to aesthetic intra- and inter-personal experiences, integrating therapeutic change factors of externalization-concretization, embodiment, and symbolization with functional network configurations, and interpersonal brain-to-brain coupling, to support predictive processing, learning, and creativity. Present and future interdisciplinary collaborations are underlined to elucidate the neurodynamic mechanisms driving psychological transformations, bridging neuroaesthetics and CATs.
The affective toll of COVID-19 on queer joy: A study of young people in Toronto, Melbourne and New York
Authors: Attia Cheery-Maria , Flicker Sarah ,   4theRecord Research Team
Published: June 2024

Pandemic restrictions shuttered educational, community and support spaces for queer youth. Despite the pervasive despair, many young, queer people found joy and opportunities for connection, empowerment and intimacy during this period. Through a qualitative thematic analysis of self-reported data from 270 young queer people in Toronto (82), Melbourne (90), and New York (98), this paper explores how queer joy is complicated by less positive and complex emotions such as fear and stress and is found in unexpected places such as school, friends/peers, sex/dating and coming out. We propose a definition of queer joy that attends to the myriad of complex and conflicting emotions that make joy possible. Queering understandings of joy allows educators and influential adults in young people’s lives to support queer youth in accessing joy.
Full scale testing of ultra-high performance concrete closure joint for prefabricated full-depth precast concrete bridge deck panel system
Authors: Stefaniuk Heather L , Semendary Ali A , Svecova Dagmar
Published: June 2024

The main objective of the transverse joint between prefabricated full-depth precast concrete deck panels is to prevent the relative vertical movement between the panels and to transfer the loads between adjacent panels without cracking. The most common failure mode for these types of joints during their service life are the interface cracks. Such cracks serve as a conduit for ingress of water into the superstructure, leading to further deterioration requiring frequent maintenance. UHPC is known for its high tensile and bond strengths and is often considered as a joint fill material that has the potential to make this connection more durable. This research has been initiated to investigate if closure joints cast using UHPC material can compete with the performance of monolithic deck systems. The experimental program consisted of two full-scale concrete bridge decks that were statically tested until failure. One bridge deck was a jointed panel deck (JPD) consisting of two half-size panels connected by UHPC closure joint, while the control deck was a full panel deck (FPD) cast as one monolithic specimen. Both decks were connected to the steel girders with UHPC shear pockets that contained four to six shear studs welded to the girder flange. The JPD had rectangular tapered shear pockets and the FPD had circular shaped pockets. The results indicated that the JPD and FPD reached the same ultimate loads, and both failed via concrete punching at the load point situated adjacent to the closure joint of JPD. The results demonstrated that using UHPC closure joint resulted in similar performance and behaviour under loading as the monolithic deck. The interfacial failure was not indicated even at ultimate loads. This confirms the ability of the UHPC closure joint to transfer the load to the adjacent panel. The results also indicated the use of circular or rectangular pockets led to similar behaviours.
Performance monitoring and diagnosis of bridge structures based on time multiscale divide and conquer strategy
Authors: Pan Ruiyang , Dan Danhui , Zeng Gang , Yan Xingfei
Published: June 2024

During the service life of bridge structures, they will be affected by various physical and environmental changes, which comprehensively manifest on different time scales. In other words, structural effects will have different variation patterns at different time scales, which will be reflected in the multi-scale characteristics of structural mechanical properties over time. However, most of the existing bridge performance indicators are defined on a time scale corresponding to a single factor. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze, process, and apply bridge monitoring signals differently at different time scales and components of different factors. This article proposes a signal decomposition and reconstruction method that extracts signals of different components from strain monitoring signals of bridge structures. On this basis, different feature extraction and indicator recognition are carried out for different extracted components. Among them, for component A related to bridge vibration, this paper proposes a strain mode identification method based on statistical stability. This method is based on the assumption that the strain mode under random noise has approximate time invariant characteristics, and noise is eliminated through statistical averaging. The component B of the vehicle induced effect is obtained through empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and bandpass filtering, and the lateral collaborative performance of the assembled beam bridge is characterized based on the correlation coefficient of component BA bridge hinge joint damage identification method based on temperature strain is proposed for component C of temperature effect. The effectiveness and feasibility of the above workflow were verified through real bridge data.
Design and validation of a preliminary instrument to contextualize interactions through information technologies of health professionals
Authors: López Luna José Fidencio , Armendáriz Mireles Eddie Nahúm , Nuño Maganda Marco Aurelio , Herrera Rivas Hiram , Machucho Cadena Rubén , Hernández Almazán Jorge Arturo
Published: June 2024

The communication of e-Health has been transformed with the advancement of information technologies, therefore it is feasible to carry out studies in the context of health professionals’ interactions. Objective: This study aimed to design and validate a preliminary questionnaire to investigate the context of the communications of health professionals through information technologies considering three significant dimensions. Method: The stages provided by Hernández Sampieri guided the building, validation through Cronbach’s alpha and factorial analysis. The questionnaire was applied to 43 participants who simulated health professionals. Results: We obtained an instrument that includes a demographic data section and 20 items distributed into three factors. Internal consistency reliability with Cronbach’s alpha values generally of 0.848 and higher than 0.811 was obtained in each dimension. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin’s measure of sampling adequacy was regular, with 0.781, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: It is necessary to apply in real-world environments to reaffirm the results obtained.
Errors and Calibration in Mail Ballot Signature Rejections
Authors: Street Alex
Published: June 2024

Many U.S. states require election workers to check signatures on ballots returned by mail, causing tens of thousands of ballots to be rejected at each general election. This paper applies Bayes’ theorem, along with findings from prior research, to show how rejection rates are likely to vary under plausible assumptions about signature checker accuracy and the prevalence of invalid signatures. This approach yields a pair of predictions. On the one hand, given findings from research on handwriting forensics, the Bayesian analysis implies election workers are more likely to wrongly reject valid ballots for purported signature mismatch than to correctly reject invalidly signed returns. On the other hand, research on election workers as problem-solvers suggests they may try to minimize the wrongful rejection of ballots. I find empirical support for each prediction, including signs that election workers learn from past errors to calibrate signature rejection rates downwards. This suggests election worker discretion may be an unexpected source of resilience against laws otherwise liable to disenfranchise eligible voters, although I also discuss conditions under which such discretion may conflict with democratic norms.
The Sharing of Pandemic-Related Information From U.S. Government Twitter Accounts
Authors: Stone Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2024

The rapid onset of COVID-19 created a desire for information about the virus and government-directed response efforts. This study explores the sharing of Twitter posts from U.S. government officials and organizations during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study followed two paths of investigation. First, significant differences in the retweet frequency of government sources were determined based on the source (public officials and agencies, Republican- or Democrat-led states) and differentiated by equal time periods (40 days pre- or post-pandemic declaration). The study findings show that the frequency at which government accounts were retweeted in the U.S. was significantly impacted by the pandemic period, with the post-pandemic period significantly more active as governments wrestled with unprecedented economic, policy, and societal concerns related to the crisis. A greater reliance on public officials as opposed to public agencies or departments was seen, as was a greater tendency to retweet the posts of government officials from Democrat-led states. The second path examined the content of government tweets to determine the linguistic factors which predict retweet frequency. Study results found that both positive and negative emotional language in tweets predicted the frequency of retweeting government sources, though the results varied based on the source. The study results provide insight into the government-affiliated information sources users chose to share with their networks as well as the types of language that appeal to citizens during times of crisis.
Decentering and Rezoning: Podcasts as a DisCrit Method for Doing Disability Research
Authors: Treco Kadesha , Jordan Lorien S.
Published: June 2024

Due to the dominance of ableist narratives, there is a distinct lack of diversity of participants and geographies in education research with students with disabilities. To address this lack, we developed podcasting as a method for DisCrit-informed qualitative research in the form of a pilot project for the first author’s doctoral study on the experiences of acquired disability as intersected with policy, race, gender, sexuality, religion, and nationality. Using writing as method of inquiry, in this paper, we reflect on moments of questioning, tensions, challenges, and ethical ponderings that we encountered throughout the creation of the podcast project. These tensions include questions about what digging deep means in DisCrit research, the challenges of negotiating power, ethics, and care, questioning whose stories are worth telling and who gets to tell them and, finally, the epistemological provocations we rubbed against. Specifically, we argue that the creative, digital, and culturally specific properties of podcasting offer a counterstorying approach to ableism, by generating situated knowing about living with a disability. Podcasting, as a DisCrit-informed qualitative approach, may enable researchers’ abilities to develop rich, nuanced, and detailed understandings of experiences of disabilities, across geographies, identities, and contexts.
Tea and coffee consumption and risk of acute stroke: The INTERSTROKE Study
Authors: Smyth Andrew , Hankey Graeme J , Langhorne Peter , Reddin Catriona , Ryglewicz Danuta , Rosengren Annika , Xavier Dennis , Canavan Michelle , Oveisgharan Shahram , Wang Xingyu , Jaramillo Patricio Lopez , Damasceno Albertino , Czlonkowska Anna , Iversen Helle Klingenberg , Lanas Fernando , Yusuf Salim , O’Donnell Martin
Published: June 2024

Background:

Stroke is a leading global cause of death and disability. Daily tea/coffee intake is consumed by > 50% of populations and may represent an important population-level exposure. Therefore, it is first essential that we better understand the associations between the tea/coffee intake and stroke.

Aims:

This research aims to generate hypotheses about the global associations between tea and coffee intake and stroke. These insights will identify interventions for stroke prevention that can be further explored using alternative study designs.

Methods:

INTERSTROKE is a large international matched case–control study of first stroke from 32 countries. Participants were asked “how many cups do you drink each day?” of coffee, green tea, black tea, and other tea. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between intake and stroke.

Results:

We included 13,462 cases and 13,488 controls from INTERSTROKE; mean age was 61.7 (13.4) years and 59.6% (n = 16,010) were male. Overall, 19.4% (n = 5239) did not consume tea/coffee, 47.0% (n = 12,666) consumed tea only, 14.9% (n = 4024) consumed coffee alone, and 18.6% (n = 5021) consumed both, with significant regional variations. After multivariable adjustment, there was no association between low/moderate coffee intake and stroke, but high consumption (> 4/day) was associated with higher odds of all stroke (OR = 1.37 (95% CI = 1.06–1.77)) or ischemic stroke (OR = 1.32 (95% CI = 1.00–1.74)). Tea consumption was associated with lower odds of all (OR = 0.81 (95% CI = 0.69–0.94) for highest intake) or ischemic stroke (OR = 0.81 (95% CI = 0.68–0.98) for highest intake).

Conclusions:

High coffee consumption was associated with higher odds of all or ischemic stroke; low–moderate coffee had no association with stroke. In contrast, tea consumption was associated with lower odds of stroke. These associations suggest that individuals consider avoiding high coffee consumption (⩾ five cups/day) to impact future stroke risk.

Data Access Statement:

The design and rationale of INTERSTROKE was published previously. Individual participant data, or other documents are not available.
Wardian case, glass, and fountain: A reflection on the history of shopping malls in Hong Kong
Authors: Wang Bo , Pan Lu
Published: June 2024

This article examines the history of Hong Kong's shopping malls by exploring the complex relationship between colonialism, capitalism, and localism, which shape the temporary nature of these malls. We trace the origins of modern retail spaces to the colonial practice of transporting plants using Wardian cases, revealing how colonial influences are embedded in mall design. By analyzing the use of glass, we demonstrate how it facilitates the flow of desire and capital. Using a music fountain in a Sha Tin mall as a case study, we highlight the tension between malls as nonplaces and the local community's desire for meaningful experiences, resulting in malls becoming spaces for political protests in recent years in Hong Kong.
Digital Twins in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cappon Giacomo , Facchinetti Andrea
Published: June 2024

Digital twin is a new concept that is rapidly gaining recognition especially in the medical field. Indeed, being a virtual representation of real-world entities and processes, a digital twin can be used to accurately represent the patients’ disease, clarify the treatment target, and realize personalized and precise therapies. However, despite being a revolutionary concept, the diffusion of digital twins in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is still limited. In this systematic review, we analyzed structure, operating conditions, and characteristics of digital twins being developed for T1D. Our search covered published documents until March 2024: 220 publications were identified, 37 of which were duplicated entries; in addition, 173 publications were removed after inspection of titles, abstracts, and keywords; and finally, 11 publications were fully reviewed, of which 8 were deemed eligible for inclusion. We found that all eight methodologies are not comprehensive multi-scale virtual replicas of the individual with T1D, but they all focus on describing glucose-insulin metabolism, aiming to simulate glucose concentration resultant from therapeutic interventions. In this review, we will compare and analyze different factors characterizing these digital twins, such as operating principles (mathematical model, twinning procedure, validation and assessment) and the key aspects for practical adoption (inclusion of physical activity, data required for twinning, open-source availability). We will conclude the paper listing which, in our opinion, are the current limitations and future directives of digital twins in T1D, hoping that this article can be helpful to researchers working on diabetes technologies to further develop the use of such an important instrument.
Reconceptualizing Journalists as a Fractured Interpretive Community: Updating the Journalistic Interpretive Community Framework for the 21st Century
Authors: Zirugo Danford
Published: June 2024

Taking a discursive approach, this study applies the concept of metajournalistic discourse to the study of press freedom debates in a postcolonial context stretching from 1993 to 2023 between the Zimbabwean public and private press. Based on a textual analysis of press freedom debates, combined with interviews with various news media stakeholders held between December 2022 and January 2023 in Harare, the study finds support for the previous argument that the idea of journalistic interpretive communities does not really hold under contested contexts beyond liberal Western democracies. The study extends this idea by reconceptualizing journalistic communities beyond liberal Western democracies as fractured interpretive communities. The study further argues that rising polarization and epistemic contests under liberal Western democracies now threaten journalistic interpretive communities as previously understood. This is especially so for those journalists who operate under a contested and polarized news media and political environment, without a single dominant national ideology.
Cortical Venous Thrombosis Caused by Venous Compression by Arachnoid Cyst
Authors: Jones Andrea A. , Peacock Dakota J. S. J. , Guest William , Wilson Laura K. , Zhou Lily W.
Published: June 2024

Clinical Problem

Identification, work-up and treatment approach of isolated cortical venous thrombosis (ICVT) in the absence of traditional risk factors.

Case Presentation

A 66-year-old previously well male presenting with two episodes of left-sided spreading sensory symptoms, found to be secondary to ICVT from extrinsic compression by an arachnoid cyst.

Key Teaching Points

Early identification of structural abnormalities causing extrinsic venous compression and ICVT or cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is important for alternative treatment options and to avoid unnecessary testing.
Global Crisis Frame Matters for Unity: Resource Threat Hampers While Safety Threat Promotes Intergroup Cooperation
Authors: Miao Xiaoyan , Liu Li , Dang Jianning , Li Chao , Liu Zhen , Jiang Xinying , Huang Lingling
Published: June 2024

Realistic global crises trap humanity in common threats requiring intergroup unity to combat them. How do common threats shape intergroup cooperation? Previous studies have focused on the impact of threat severity on intergroup cooperation and yielded mixed results. We proposed that framing common threat based on two key aspects (resource vs. safety threats) has opposing effects on intergroup cooperation. We conducted three studies ( N = 840) to test our assumptions. Across scenarios of combating wars (Study 1), reducing air pollutant emissions (Study 2), and mitigating climate change (Study 3), framing a crisis as resource threat hampered intergroup cooperation, whereas framing it as safety threat promoted intergroup cooperation. These effects were mediated by the pursuit of ingroup interests (Study 3). Our findings provide new insights into the complex effects of common threat on intergroup interactions and have practical implications for facilitating unity during global crises.
Statutory leave for early pregnancy loss: A comparative study
Authors: Kelly-Harrington Ruadh , Murray Claire , Hennessy Marita , Leitao Sara , O’Sullivan Maeve , Dalton-O’Connor Caroline , Nuzum Daniel , O’Donoghue Keelin , Donnelly Mary
Published: June 2024

Pregnancy loss prior to fetal viability is a common experience for women worldwide – 1 in 4 pregnancies end in miscarriage. Increased recognition of the impact of such loss has put the issue of statutory leave in this context on the policy and legislative agenda in an increasing number of jurisdictions. This article seeks to help inform these debates by presenting the findings of a comparative study of jurisdictions which have introduced such leave. From this, the article identifies two main approaches: leave based on the sick leave model and leave based on the compassionate leave model. The article argues that both models have strengths and limitations. What works in each individual jurisdiction will depend, among other factors, on the way in which the jurisdiction in question addresses the issue of leave more broadly. However, regardless of the model adopted, the article argues that some form of statutory leave for miscarriage and other pregnancy loss should be introduced on the basis that such leave serves to reinforce the equality agenda, provides a chance for care and recovery following pregnancy loss, and serves an important expressive and educative goal in ensuring better understanding of the impact of pregnancy loss on those who experience such loss.
Prison work in law and reality: Comparative perspectives from Brazil, the UK, and the US
Authors: Jarman Ben , Heard Catherine
Published: June 2024

International law provides that work by sentenced prisoners ought to prepare them for life after release. Yet reliable data on the nature, extent and impacts of prison work is lacking in much of the world, and what there is suggests that much prison work is far from voluntary, is unpaid or poorly paid, is unskilled or low-skilled, and does little to improve employment prospects on release. This article compares how prison work is defined and governed in law and shaped by policy, and how it is organised in practice. It describes the operationalisation of key legal provisions relating to prison work in three countries, and compares the purposes for prison work defined in law, the protections available to working prisoners, and the incentives or penalties used to secure participation. It also summarises the limited data available showing how many prisoners perform which kinds of work in each country. Finally, it argues that efforts to bring prison work provision into closer compliance with international standards should be sensitive to local variation, and suggests clarifying questions which could be used in such a reform process.
Critical Muslim geographies through a critical geography of Islamophobia
Authors: Najib Kawtar
Published: June 2024

In this commentary, I focus on James Sidaway's contribution to critical Muslim geographies and his suggestions for moving beyond decoloniality that do not hesitate to take a stand against the current direction of mainstream studies on Islam and Muslims. While I agree with many of his points, I detail three critical thoughts around (i) the idea of integrating terminologies specific to Islam and Muslims into the scholarship of Muslim geographies to transcend existing colonial logics; (ii) the need to give a greater voice to Muslim geographers as Black and feminist geographies have done; and (iii) the difficulty of measuring the Muslim identity of geographers. Drawing on my critical thinking about the geographies of Islamophobia, I highlight how normalized structural practices have led to silencing the voices of even the greatest geographers in human history.
Assessing the information provided regarding oral cancer by dental practice websites within the Greater Manchester area
Authors: Patel Roshni , Sainuddin Sajid
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

With increasing numbers of oral cancer diagnoses and guidance recommending that patients approach their doctors or dentists for assessments, when searching for information regarding mouth cancer, patients may first look to their dental practice website. This study aimed to evaluate the variance of patient information provided regarding oral cancer on dental practice websites.

Materials and methods:

Dental practices within the Manchester area with an active website were included with assessment of whether there was any information provided regarding reducing oral cancer risk factors, signs to look out for and if oral cancer screening was included as part of the general check-up, using a three-point score based on the joint statement from the British and Irish Society for Oral Medicine (BISOM) and Cancer Research UK (CRUK) regarding oral cancer diagnosis and prevention.

Results:

In total, 66.6% (n=60) of practices provided no accessible information regarding oral cancer screening and prevention on their websites. Only 12.2% (n=11) discussed all three factors of oral screening, symptoms and reducing risk factors. Screening as part of routine examination was most frequently mentioned at 27% (n=24), risk factors were discussed by 23% (n=21) of practices and symptoms to be aware of by 13% (n=12).

Discussion:

There is a lack of information available to patients on dental practice websites regarding oral cancer. To overcome lack of quality assurance on the internet, dentists can provide factual information via their dental practice websites. This could help with improving patient awareness and therefore aiding in early detection, improving patient outcomes.
Silver modified atraumatic restorative treatment: a paradigm shift in dental caries management
Authors: Hegde Damodar , Suprabha Baranya Shrikrishna , Rao Arathi
Published: June 2024

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) are treatment modalities that are minimally invasive and used for the prevention and control of dental caries. The amalgamation of these two techniques has led to the development of silver modified atraumatic restorative treatment (SMART). In this approach the carious lesion is restored with glass-ionomer cement (GIC) after SDF application. SMART effectively arrests caries without removing additional tooth structure, making it a promising option for caries management in children who lack cooperative ability.

This article reviews the literature on SMART, the evidence regarding its applications in dental practice, its advantages, drawbacks, the scope for research, and clinical use.
Evidence-based clinical management of localised tooth wear and a repeatedly dislodged posterior crown utilising the Dahl Concept
Authors: Ong Joshua Ee Xin , Blum Igor R.
Published: June 2024

This clinical case report demonstrates the use of the Dahl Concept in the management of the repeated dislodgement of a posterior full coverage crown associated with a reduced restorative space. The described technique harnesses the addition of resin composite and a temporarily cemented provisional full coverage crown to create sufficient restorative space for the cementation of a definitive posterior full coverage crown restoration at the six-month review.
Knowledge Mapping of Tourism Footprint: A Bibliometric Review Based on CiteSpace
Authors: Chen Siying , Tan Zhixiong , Chen Maozhi , Han Jingwei
Published: June 2024

Sustainable tourism plays an important role in enhancing economic benefits, promoting the transformation of development methods, and strengthening international communication. And the tourism footprint is gaining research attention as an essential means for evaluating the sustainability of tourism. However, there have been few attempts to draw a scientific investigation map of the tourism footprint. With the purpose of reviewing systematically the research status and providing ideas for future research in this field, this study conducts a scientometric analysis of 517 academic publications on tourism footprint with CiteSpace. We find that tourism footprint is gaining attention and promotion on a worldwide scale which is becoming a popular multidisciplinary study area. China, the United States, and England have the most productive institutions. There is a marked trend of cross-fertilization of research in this field with other disciplines. And we summarize three predominant research themes: the economic impacts of tourism development, the assessment of tourism footprint, and the promotion of sustainable tourism. Developing a consensus model for tourism footprint accounting and establishing a dynamic monitoring mechanism may get more attention in the future.
Factors Associated With Reporting Attitudes of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Direct Care Workers in South Korea
Authors: Kyung MinJung , Lee Soo-Jeong , Wagner Laura M. , Harris-Adamson Carisa , Hong OiSaeng
Published: June 2024

Background:

Workers’ reporting of work-related injuries or illnesses is important for treatment and prevention, yet research often focuses on reporting barriers. This study aimed to identify factors related to work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD) reporting attitudes and their connection to reporting intention and behavior.

Methods:

We analyzed data from 377 direct care workers employed in 19 long-term care facilities in South Korea. A self-administered questionnaire collected demographics, job characteristics, physical and psychosocial factors, musculoskeletal symptoms, reporting attitudes, and WRMSD reporting intentions and behavior between May and August 2022. We used a generalized linear mixed model with a random intercept by employers to identify factors influencing reporting attitudes. To explore the relationship between reporting attitude and reporting intention and behavior, simple logistic regression was also conducted.

Results:

We achieved an 86% response rate. The majority of the study participants were female (87.2%), married (95.9%), and non-immigrant (72.8%). Of the study participants, 48.9% had no intention to report WRMSDs, and 44.3% held negative reporting attitudes. Among 200 workers with WRMSDs, 86.5% did not report them. Attitudes were associated with work duration, safety training, management safety priority, WRMSD experience, and symptom severity and frequency. Management safety priority did not moderate this relationship. Significant links existed between attitudes and reporting intention and behavior.

Conclusions/Applications to Practice:

This study highlights the vital influence of workers' attitudes on reporting work-related injuries and illnesses. Occupational health providers should employ strategies, such as tailored safety training and management commitment, with a focus on addressing the unique needs of long-tenured and musculoskeletal-exposed workers. Fostering a safety culture that promotes open and timely reporting is crucial, and implementing these strategies can significantly enhance workplace safety and health.
‘We are willing, but we have challenges’: Qualitative enquiry on midwives’ views on factors influencing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B program
Authors: Mumuni Atoko Adiza , Naab Florence , Adjei Charles Ampong , Senoo-Dogbey Vivian Efua
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B infection is one of the major routes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Africa. Amusingly, Africa is the only region yet to meet the World Health Organization's target of reducing the prevalence of HBV infection to less than 1% among children under 5 years of age by 2020. In Ghana, little has been documented about midwives’ views on the factors impacting the successful implementation of mother-to-child transmission via HBV prevention programs.

Objective

This study explored midwives’ views on the challenges associated with the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV infection in the La-Nkwantanang municipality.

Methods

The study adopted an exploratory descriptive qualitative design and involved 14 midwives who were purposively recruited from a primary-level health facility in the La-Nkwantanang Municipality, Accra. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted using an in-depth interview guide. The data were content analyzed using the six steps recommended by Braun and Clark.

Results

Three main themes, namely, health professional or midwife factors and patient and health facility factors, negatively impacted the prevention of maternal-to-child transmission program. The five subthemes identified in this study included lack of awareness, financial constraints, and unavailability of logistics and protocols. The study recognized that midwives face many challenges even though they have a strong desire to prevent vertical transmission of HBV.

Conclusion

The implementation of a mother-to-child transmission program is negatively impacted by many intrinsic, client, and health facility factors. Midwives who act as major stakeholders need to be periodically trained on the components and protocols for managing pregnant women living with HBV. The necessary logistics and management protocols need to be urgently provided. The skills and education obtained from the training will empower midwives to be knowledgeable about how to deliver quality care and provide education and support for HBV-infected pregnant women. The provision of logistics needed for the successful implementation of the program could avert delays associated with the administration of the hepatitis B birth dose vaccine and immunoglobulin to exposed newborns.
Changing the Clock in Medical Education: Addressing Physician Shortages and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Alexander Seth McKenzie , Gilleskie Donna , Díaz-González de Ferris Maria
Published: June 2024

Despite the shortage of physicians in the United States, there is no consensus among medical educators as to how to address the nation's unmet needs. A growing but unfulfilled argument is to revisit the configuration of medical education and the time required to complete medical training. Pilot programs, such as shortened programs or advancement-in-place structures to accelerate the practice capability of trainees, have been attempted. This manuscript addresses underlying economic and human considerations that medical educators must reconcile, drawing on lessons from international educational structures, as we advance toward a system that supports the needs of the communities that our graduates will serve.
An interactive method for generating and evaluating urban design alternatives in early design stages
Authors: Talmor Blaistain Anat , Fisher-Gewirtzman Dafna
Published: June 2024

The field of generative design strives to enable the automated generation of multiple suitable urban design alternatives. However, quantitative analysis is typically conducted in the later design stages, when options are limited, and modifications are costly. Generative methods enable the creating of designs that bridge traditional methods, through systematic examination of numerous options during the early design stages. Yet their utilization in architectural practices is limited, partly due to antagonism that stems from the perceived lack of involvement of urban designers in such methods (which often behave like black boxes). The objective of this study was to develop a generative design process that combines rule-based automated algorithmic processes with the active involvement of urban designers, thereby offering a wide range of design alternatives during the planning phase. Additionally, the study aims at ensuring the key involvement of urban designers throughout the design process. The methodology employed in this study is comprised of both quantitative and subjective evaluations that the urban designers can conduct themselves. This result is an interactive process that utilizes generative tools and computerized analytical measures for creating, evaluating, and screening multiple urban design options at the urban neighborhood level, with an emphasis on residents’ well-being, and based on the designers’ preferred parameters. This parametric workflow could assist designers in the early decision-making process and may be integrated into current urban design processes.
STXBP1: fast-forward to a brighter future – a patient organization perspective
Authors: Goss James R. , Prosser Benjamin , Helbig Ingo , Son Rigby Charlene
Published: June 2024

Syntaxin-binding protein 1 related disorder (STXBP1-RD) is a rare neurologic disorder associated with global neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability, early-onset epilepsy, motor abnormalities, and autism. The underlying pathophysiology stems from a de novo mutation in the STXBP1 gene, which codes for the STXBP1 protein. The STXBP1 protein is involved in synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release. Pathogenic variants in the STXBP1 gene generally result in haploinsufficiency, an impairment in neurotransmitter release, and subsequent dysfunction in neuronal communication. The STXBP1 Foundation was founded in 2017 to support families of children with STXBP1-RD and accelerate the development of effective therapies and, ultimately, a cure for the disorder. The Foundation initially supported research aimed at better understanding the complex phenotypic presentation of the disease as well as the development of animal and cellular models usable by the research community to more fully characterize STXBP1 function and disease pathogenicity. In 2023, the Foundation embarked on its STXBP1 Fast Forward Strategic Plan, which includes a prospective natural history study and substantive biomarker work to drive forward the development of new precision therapies for STXBP1-RD.
Objects as knowledge: A case study of outsight
Authors: Vallée-Tourangeau Frédéric , Green Anna , March Paul L. , Vork Steffensen Sune
Published: June 2024

A laboratory procedure employing insight problems allows researcher to capture how new ideas are discovered or constructed. Insight problems are relatively simple riddles designed to encourage an initially incorrect interpretation of the problem that leads to an impasse: Researchers are then poised to capture the moment the impasse is overcome, that is when a new productive interpretation of the problem is developed resulting in the solution. Researchers call this process ‘restructuring’: while the term describes the phenomenon, it is not clear how it explains it nor how restructuring comes about. The case study we describe here reveals the micro-processes involved in restructuring by using an interactive problem-solving procedure involving matchstick arithmetic problems. Originally developed by Knoblich et al., these problems present a simple but false arithmetic expression using Roman numerals: Participant must discover which matchstick can be moved and where to turn it into a true expression. The participant can manipulate matchsticks, and in doing so creates a dynamic object, the behaviour of which triggers new actions and cues new hypotheses about the solution. We present the case-study data in the form of a video of a participant instructed to narrate hunches and hypotheses as she interacts with a physical model of the solution, over three separate problems. On the basis of a granular coding of the participant’s verbal protocol along with an equally granular coding of the changes to the object (using ELAN; https://archive.mpi.nl/tla/elan ), the case study is the first to clearly reveal the restructuring process that results in the phenomenon of ‘outsight’, that is when the behaviour and polymorphic changes to the object qua model of the solution guides the participant to the solution.
Work Systems Factors Associated With Burnout in Sonographers Working in the United States and Canada
Authors: Walsh Ryan J. , Evans Kevin D. , Sommerich Carolyn M. , Roll Shawn C.
Published: June 2024

Objective:

Burnout in sonographers is a prevalent and complex professional hazard associated with poorer quality of work life, productivity, and patient outcomes. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of and work systems factors associated with burnout among a large sample of sonographers.

Materials and Methods:

Research study registry participants (n = 3659) were invited to complete a follow-up survey about personal and work environment factors, including work hours, break time, coworker and supervisor support, and job satisfaction, overall health, and sleep quality. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory assessed personal, work-related, and client burnout. Simple and multiple linear regressions were used to identify work systems factors associated with burnout.

Results:

Of 1389 respondents, over half reported moderate-to-severe personal and work-related burnout, while one-quarter reported moderate-to-severe client burnout. Higher work-related burnout was associated with younger age, working in the Western United States, working full-time, taking fewer weekly break hours, poorer overall health and sleep quality, and lower supervisor support and job satisfaction. Client burnout was associated with poorer sleep quality and lower job satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Burnout was prevalent in a large sample of sonographers. Multilevel work systems factors are associated with burnout, suggesting collaboration among sonographers, administrators, and organizations is needed to address burnout.
Cholangiocarcinoma With Liver Metastasis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Type: A Case Report
Authors: Chiang Jane
Published: June 2024

A cholangiocarcinoma is a cancerous growth that originates within the biliary tree and spans from the bile ductules, in the intrahepatic region, to the ampulla of Vater. Most of these tumors are adenocarcinomas, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bile duct and are considered a rare finding. Published literature on these types of malignancies is limited. This case report provides an example of cholangiocarcinoma in SSC type with liver metastasis. Computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were performed, and the results showed a necrotic mass throughout the central liver. Finally, a liver biopsy was completed and yielding a diagnosis of an SSC of the bile duct.