bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on carbon capture characteristics of marine engine exhaust gas by activated potassium carbonate absorbent
Authors: Zhou Song , Ren Jianjun , Xi Hongyuan , Lu Shijian , Shreka Majed , Zhu Yunlong , Zhang Boyang , Hao Ze
Published: March 2023

Post-combustion carbon capture is a direct and effective way for onboard carbon capture. Therefore, it's important to develop onboard carbon capture absorbent that can both ensure a high absorption rate and reduce energy consumption of desorption process. In this paper, a K2CO3 solution was first established using Aspen Plus to simulate CO2 capture from the exhaust gases of a marine dual-fuel engine in diesel mode. The lean and rich CO2 loading results from the simulation were used to guide the selection and optimization of the activators used in the experiment. During the experiment, five amino acid salt activators including SarK, GlyK, ProK, LysK, and AlaK, and four organic amine activators including MEA, PZ, AEEA, and TEPA were used. Experiments only considered the activation effect of CO2 loading between lean and rich conditions. The results showed that after adding a small amount of activator, the absorption rate of CO2 by the absorbent was greatly improved, and the activation effect of organic amine activators was stronger than that of amino acid salts. Among the amino acid salts, the SarK-K2CO3 composite solution showed the best performance in both absorption and desorption. Amongst the amino acid salts and the organic amino activators, SarK-K2CO3 showed the best performance in strengthening the CO2 desorption while PZ-K2CO3 enhanced the CO2 absorption process the most. In the study of the concentration ratio, it was found that when the mass concentration ratio was 1:1 for SarK:K2CO3 and PZ:K2CO3, the CO2 absorption and desorption processes improved well.
Consumption of Green Tea Extract Tablets Improved Anticoagulant Proteins and Reduced Platelet Aggregation in Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia Patients
Authors: Petiwathayakorn Touchwin , Hantrakool Sasinee , Settakorn Kornvipa , Hutachok Nuntouchaporn , Tantiworawit Adisak , Chalortham Nopphadol , Koonyosying Pimpisid , Srichairatanak Somdet
Published: March 2023

Hypercoagulability and increased platelet activation have been associated with iron-overloaded β−thalassemia patients resulting in thrombosis. Iron chelators, antiplatelet and antithrombosis drugs are required to alleviate these complications. Epigallocatechin−3−gallate (EGCG)−rich green tea extract (GTE) is known to exert iron-chelating and antithrombotic activities. This study aimed to assess the effects of GTE tablet consumption on coagulation, platelet function and iron overload in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) patients. Each day, the subjects consumed a placebo, a single GTE tablet (50 mg EGCG equivalent) or GTE tablets (2x 50 mg EGCG equivalent) over a period of two months. Blood was then collected for analyses of platelet numbers, coagulation, platelet aggregation and iron parameters. Accordingly, GTE tablets significantly reduced the aggregation of platelets that had been induced ex vivo by ADP or collagen. The tablets also increased plasma protein C and protein S activities, as well as free protein S concentration levels depending upon the time course but not the GTE dosage. Surprisingly, plasma ferritin levels were decreased in both GTE tablet groups in a time-dependent manner, for which a significant difference was observed in the second month. In conclusion, EGCG−abundant GTE improved platelet aggregation and hypercoagulability in TDT patients by increasing the antithrombotic activity of protein C and protein S. Thus, GTE can be an adjuvant to reduce the risk of thrombosis associated with iron overload.
Factors governing the erythropoietic response to intravenous iron infusion in patients with chronic kidney disease; a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chukwu Chukwuma Austin , Gilbody Helen , Wickens Olivia , Carroll Craig , Bhandari Sunil , Kalra Philip A
Published: March 2023

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the erythropoietic response to parenteral iron in iron-deficient anaemic patients with normal and impaired kidney function and determine the factors that affect response.
Method
Recipients of parenteral iron from the CKD and pre-operative clinics of a tertiary kidney centre were evaluated. No patients were receiving erythropoiesis stimulating agents. The key outcome was the change in haemoglobin(∆Hb) defined as the difference between the pre-infusion and post-infusion haemoglobin(Hb) measured within 1- 3 months of iron infusion. Propensity-score matching, and multivariate linear regression adjusted for baseline demographics, comorbidities and iron indices were used to assess response to parenteral iron and the impact of kidney impairment versus the nature of iron deficiency (absolute iron deficiency [AID] vs functional iron deficiency [FID]) on response.
Results
732 subjects (834 infusions) were included (mean age 66±17years, 56% females and 87% White). Median haemoglobin rise was significantly lower with lower kidney function (CKD0-2, 13[IQR, 2-23]g/l; CKD3-5; 7[IQR,1-15]g/L, P<0.001). When groups with different degrees of renal impairment were propensity-matched according to whether iron deficiency was due to AID or FID, the severity of renal impairment was no longer a factor affecting haemoglobin response (unmatched [14.2 vs 8.3]g/l, matched[14.1vs13.6] g/L). However, comparing AID and FID after propensity matching for the degree of renal impairment showed a significantly lower response in those with FID (unmatched AID vs FID 16.0 vs 6.6 g/L, matched 14.2 vs 6.6g/L).
The multivariate analysis showed a positive association between ∆Hb and body mass index, total iron dose and glomerular filtration rate, whereas a negative association was observed between haemoglobin response and Black ethnicity, Asian ethnicity, diabetes, baseline Hb, mean corpuscular volume, and Functional iron deficiency
Conclusion
The nature of iron deficiency rather than the severity of CKD has a stronger impact on haemoglobin response with an attenuated response seen in functional iron deficiency irrespective of the degree of renal impairment
Preparation of N-halamine antimicrobial cotton fabric based on plasma treatment
Authors: Liu Chang , Li Rong , Li Zhiguang , Han Luyi , Shi Rongjin , Huang Yaxun , Kan Chi-wai , Zhang Qing , Li Huixia , Zhou Chang-E
Published: March 2023

The textile industry has a strong interest in the antibacterial properties of fabrics. In this research, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide (N-MA) was firstly finished on cotton fabric by pad-dry processes following with argon plasma treatment to initiate the graft copolymerization of N-MA on the fabric, and then, the fabric was chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite to impart it antimicrobial property. The presence of N-MA on the cotton fabric surface was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tearing strength, weight change, crystallinity and antimicrobial property of the modified fabric were also characterized. The results showed that the fabric completely inactivated S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 within 10 min of contact time and the antimicrobial property was rechargeable. This N-halamine antimicrobial cotton fabrics with superior antimicrobial properties exhibited potential for future application in the long term antimicrobial field.
HGMMEM Algorithm with Optimized DCNN Classification for Breast Cancer Image Screening and Detection
Authors: Babu Anu , Jerome S. Albert
Published: March 2023

Mammography is a safe diagnostic and painless procedure that uses low-dose x-rays for the early detection of breast cancer. Quality of mammogram images can be enhanced using digital image processing tools so as to assist physicians. A lot of researchers had worked on enhancing the quality and classification of mammogram images. Choosing appropriate prediction algorithm for the classification of mammogram images and proper decision support systems remains a major task in the research field. Here, in this research article of experimental analysis work, mammography images are taken from the both Public Digital Database of Screening Mammography (DDSM), and in-house clinical datasets from Metro scans and laboratories. The proposed work was carried out in four phases in which the first phase was the selection of suitable algorithm for denoising and contrast enhancement of the mammogram image by using Trilateral Filter with Histogram Equalization (TFHE). Second stage involved segmenting the denoise image and applying the Hierarchical Gaussian Mixture Model and Expectation-Maximization technique to detect the breast tumor accurately. Third stage entails extracting the GLCM features from the segmented ROI image. Finally, benign and malignant breast cancer images are classified using four different classifiers. Using TCKNN classifier, accuracy of 72.1% is obtained, DCNN classifier an accuracy of 89.4% is obtained, IMPA with TCKNN classifier an accuracy of 80.1% is obtained and IMPA with DCNN classifier an accuracy of 97.6% is obtained.
An Efficient Memristive Alternating Crossbar Array and The Design of Full Adder
Authors: Jiang Meiqi , Sun Jingru , Wang Chunhua , Liao Ziyao , Hong Qinghui , Zhang Jiliang
Published: March 2023

Memristor is one of the most promising emerging technology to solve the von Neumann bottleneck problem due to its non-volatile and binary characteristics. This paper studies the design method of high efficiency logic circuit based on memristor. First, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) logic circuit design scheme based on IMPLY and AND logic is proposed, which can derive multiple new efficient logic operation methods, and complete complex logic with fewer steps and memristors. Second, in order to perform rapid interactive operations between different rows, an alternating crossbar array structure is designed, which can quickly complete cross-row logic operations. Finally, a high-efficient Full Adder (FA) based on MIMO logic and alternating crossbar array is proposed. To accomplish 32-bit add operation, the proposed FA needs 160 memristors and only 41 steps. Compared with the state of art FA, our work has faster execution speed and fewer memristors.
Theoretical and numerical model to study the interlayer gap phenomenon during robotic one shot drilling of stacked materials
Authors: Panico Martina , Durante Massimo , Langella Antonio , Boccarusso Luca
Published: March 2023

Nowadays in different industrial fields, especially in aircraft manufacturing industry, the use of stacked material plays a relevant role. To allow the correct assembly of parts, one shot drilling is the best option to avoid misalignment and increase the productivity. In this context, the formation of the interlayer gap and its consequences in terms of final hole quality and structural integrity is a relevant aspect that need to be investigated and reduced. The growing push towards the implementation of automated drilling solutions offers the advantage of using the robot end effector for the minimization of this phenomenon, but few works offer a useful analytical study of the robot-workpiece interaction in terms of force based on real operating boundary conditions. This work aims to provide a simplified theoretical model to study the interlayer gap phenomenon and to predict the clamping force required for its reduction by using a robot end effector on metal stacked plates. Both experimental and finite element analyses were carried out in order to validate the results of the proposed theoretical model. The results obtained in this study showed that the proposed simplified one-dimensional theoretical model allow to obtain suitable results despite the complexity of the phenomenon studied.
Tribological Effects of Micromilling of Hardened Aisi D2 Steel on Tool Wear and Top Burr Formation
Authors: Santos Anderson Júnior dos , Medânha Bárbara Cristina , Pereira Natália Fernanda Santos , de Oliveira Diogo Azevedo , Rubio Juan Carlos Campos , Abrão Alexandre Mendes , Câmara Marcelo Araújo
Published: March 2023

The study of micromilling of quenched and tempered AISI D2 steel is of utmost importance due to the accelerated wear of the micromilling cutting tool edge that intensifies the formation of top burrs, which is detrimental to the micromilled surfaces because requires further surface finishing. In this work, the effect of tooth feed per tooth and depth of cut on machining forces and top burr formation after dry micromilling of slots in quenched and tempered AISI D2 steel was evaluated. The results show that the passive force is approximately 32% higher than the radial and feed forces. Regarding burr formation, axial depth of cut was the most relevant parameter. Doubling depth of cut burr height increased by approximately 400%. Increasing feed per tooth reduces burr formation. The down cutting direction presented top burr heights approximately 23% higher when compared with up cutting. Abrasion and adhesion were the predominant tool wear mechanisms. Tool wear increases progressively with machining length raising the milling force components. which leads to rounding and increase the radius of the cutting edge. Consequently, a negative rake angle is generated, inducing size effect and intensifying the material ploughing mechanism.
Identifying the regulatory network of microRNAs and mRNAs to clarify molecular mechanisms in stroke by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Cen Gengyu , Xia Yumei , Chen Shijian , Liu Liuyu , Wang Jun , Wang Xue , Song Yiting , Liang Zhijian
Published: March 2023

To identify the regulatory network of microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs to clarify molecular mechanisms in stroke. Four miRNA datasets and two mRNA datasets of stroke were downloaded from the GEO database. R-Studio was utilized to analyze differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) in the blood of stroke and control patients. FunRich software was utilized to conduct GO and biological pathway analysis on DEmiRNAs, and to search for transcription factors (TFs) of DEmiRNAs. Subsequently, we used miRDB, miRTarBase, and TargetScan to identify DEmiRNAs target genes and intersected with DEmRNAs to find common target genes. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network of common target genes was constructed by using the Cytoscape. The biological and functional roles of target genes in the regulatory network were predicted using GO and KEGG pathway analyses. 464 DEmiRNAs and 329 DEmRNAs were screened, respectively. The top ten TFs (SP1, SP4, EGR1, TCF3, NKX6-1, ZFP161, RREB1, MEF2A, NFIC, POU2F1) were visualized. 16747 target genes of DEmiRNAs were predicted. Target genes were intersected with DEmRNAs, 107 common target genes and 162 DEmiRNAs regulating these common genes were obtained, and then a regulatory network was constructed. Target genes of the regulatory network were primarily enriched in VEGF signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, T cell receptor signaling pathway. This study found that VEGF signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, T cell receptor signaling pathway are implicated in the biological process of stroke by constructing the regulatory network of miRNAs-mRNAs, which may have guide significance for the pathogenesis and treatment of stroke.
Climate Change Hotspots for Türkiye
Authors: An Nazan , Turp Tufan M. , Bayındır Elif , Akverdi Yagmur , Mirza Zeynep Nur , Kurnaz Levent M.
Published: March 2023

Globally, each region will be affected by climate change at different risk levels depending on various indicators (e.g., increased average temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and extreme climate events such as floods, droughts, and wildfires). Therefore, identifying the “hotspots” that will be the most affected areas by climate change in the future is a crucial step for the rapid adaptation of these regions to the changing climate. A region’s vulnerability to climate change also depends on the change in fundamental variables, i.e., temperature and precipitation, and the variability and frequency of these parameters. The study estimated the Standard Euclidean Distance (SED) for Türkiye using high-resolution climate data and examined which regions would be the most affected in the near (2024-2049), medium (2049-2074), and distant (2074-2099) future. The projections were made using the RegCM4.4 driven by MPI-ESM-MR under the pessimistic (RCP8.5) scenario. The results indicate that the Mediterranean, Eastern Anatolia, and Southeastern Anatolia are the hotspot regions in Türkiye. In line with the findings, it is necessary to minimize the possible damage by taking the required precautions in these regions.
Translation and Psychometrics of Persian Version of the Stress Index in Nursing Students
Authors: Hamzehpour Hero , Ebadi Abbas , Abbasi Saeed , Mohammadi Marziye
Published: March 2023

Background and Purpose: Stress is caused by the nature of nursing education and is a psychological factor that affects academic performance and well-being of students. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the psychometric characteristics of Persian version of the Nursing Student Stress Index (SNSI).
Methodology: The SNSI questionnaire was translated into Persian using the standard method of translation and re-translation. Then, in a cross-sectional study, it was distributed among 408 nursing students of different levels using available sampling method. Reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest repeatability. Construct validity was determined by exploratory (n=208) and confirmatory (n=200) factor analyses.
Findings: The Persian version of this questionnaire has 19 items and three factors of "expectations, communication and health", "factors related to university" and "free time". The total content validity index score (S-CVI) was 0.88. The fitness indices in this three-factor questionnaire were in the order: RMSEA=0.11, CMIN/DF[1]=3.7, CFI=0.93, GFI=0.79, AGFI=0.73. The intra-cluster correlation index (ICC) was 0.881 and Cronbach's alpha was 0.863.
Conclusion: SNSI has good validity and reliability in nursing students in Iran and this version can be used in future researches in the field of stress measurement of nursing students.
1Minimum Discrepancy Function by Degrees of Freedom divided
Multiparametric prediction of glioma grade and IDH status using 18F-FET PET/CT dynamic and texture analysis
Authors: Hajri Rami , Nicod-Lalonde Marie , Hottinger Andreas F. , Prior John O. , Dunet Vincent
Published: March 2023

Background
Gliomas are the most frequent malignant brain tumors and are heterogeneous in histology, genetics, and outcome. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) have been described by several studies as an independent predictor of better survival. We aimed at evaluating the respective value of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) PET/CT dynamic and texture analysis in patients with untreated glioma to assess grade and IDH mutation status.
Methods
In total, 73 patients (male: 48, median age: 47 [36–59]) who underwent an 18F-FET PET/CT for initial glioma evaluation were retrospectively included. Twenty patients had a WHO grade II and forty-one a grade III-IV glioma. IDH status was available in 61 patients. Time-activity-curve (TAC) type and 20 parameters (conventional, texture, shape and histogram derived) obtained from static analysis using the LIFEx© software were recorded. Respective performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and stepwise multivariate regression analysis.
Results
TAC type and several texture parameters derived from static parameters showed satisfactory to good performance to predict glioma grade and IDH status. Both TAC type (stepwise OR: 28.8 [95%CI: 4.73-175.14], p < 0.001) and NGLDM coarseness (stepwise OR: 9.7 x 1019 [95%CI: 1.47–6.5 x 1039], p = 0.048) were independent predictors of glioma grade. However, only TAC type was an independent predictor of IDH status (OR: 3.74 [95%CI: 1.17-12.0], p = 0.026).
Conclusions
18F-FET PET/CT dynamic and texture analysis may help predict both glioma grade and IDH status, especially in low-grade tumors.
Newly detected pediatric melioidosis cases in a single referral children’s hospital in Ho Chi Minh City indicate the probable under-recognition of melioidosis in South Vietnam
Authors: Pham Thai Son , König Elisabeth , Bui The Trung , Vu Thi Ngoc Anh , Nguyen Tran Nam , Do Chau Viet , Lichtenegger Sabine , Bui Nguyen Hai Linh , Trinh Huu Tung , Steinmetz Ivo , Trinh Thanh Trung
Published: March 2023

Purpose.The epidemiology of melioidosis in Vietnam, a disease caused by the soil bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, remains unclear. This study aimed to detect pediatric melioidosis in South Vietnam and describe clinical features and the geographical distribution.
Methods. We introduced a simple laboratory algorithm for detecting B. pseudomallei from clinical samples at Children’s Hospital 2 in Ho Chi Minh City in July 2015. B. pseudomallei culture isolates were confirmed by molecular methods. A retrospective observational study of children aged < 16 years with culture-confirmed melioidosis between July 2015 and August 2019 was undertaken.
Results.Thirty-five pediatric cases of melioidosis were detected, with cases originating from 13 out of 32 provinces and cities in South Vietnam. The number of pediatric melioidosis cases detected from a certain region correlated with the overall number of inpatients originating from the respective geographical area. Suppurative parotitis (n = 15; 42.8 %) was the most common clinical presentation, followed by lung infection (n = 10; 28.6 %) and septicemia (n = 7; 20 %). Fourteen (40 %) children had disseminated disease, including all cases of lung infection. Four (11.4 %) deaths occurred in the disseminated disease group.
Conclusions. We report here the first series of pediatric cases of melioidosis from Vietnam detected in a single big referral children’s hospital in Ho Chi Minh City. The patients’ origin indicates a wide distribution of melioidosis in South Vietnam. It seems probably that cases not only in children but also in adults remain grossly undiagnosed. Further awareness raising and laboratory capacity strengthening are needed in this part of the country.
Serum exomiR content in perimenopausal women with hot flashes-effects of hormone replacement therapy
Authors: Han Ruxue , Ge Xiaofen , Yang Xin
Published: March 2023

Objective
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the most effective treatment for hot flushes, which is the most common symptom of the climacteric. This study aims to explored whether estrogen can relieve the hot flushes of menopause by regulating the secretion of exosomal miRNA.
Methods
For perimenopausal women with obvious symptoms of hot flashes, miRNAs in plasma exosomes were extracted and sequenced before and after HRT, miRNA expression profiles were analyzed, and target gene prediction and functional analysis of miRNAs with large differences in expression were performed.
Results
The symptoms of hot flashes improved significantly after HRT. 22 significantly differential expressed exosomal miRNAs were screened after HRT, of which 14 were down-regulated and 3 up-regulated, and 5 were newly annotated differential miRNAs. Target gene prediction and functional analysis of miRNA also suggest that it may have a certain relationship with vasomotor symptoms.
Conclusion
The types and quantity of miRNA in plasma after HRT improves the symptoms of hot flashes are different from those before treatment. More specific ways of action still need to be experimentally verified.
Ventilator management and risk of air leak syndrome for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a single-center, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Miyake Nodoka , Igarashi Yutaka , Nakae Ryuta , Mizobuchi Taiki , Masuno Tomohiko , Yokobori Shoji
Published: March 2023

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia is reportedly associated with air leak syndrome (ALS), including mediastinal emphysema and pneumothorax, and has a high mortality rate. In this study, we compared values obtained every minute from ventilators to clarify the relationship between ventilator management (VM) and risk of developing ALS.

Methods

This single-center, retrospective, observational study took place at a tertiary care hospital in Tokyo, Japan, over a 21-month period. Patient background, ventilator data, and outcomes were collected from adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia on VM. Patients who developed ALS within 30 days of VM initiation (ALS group) were compared with those who did not (non-ALS group).

Results:

Of the 105 patients, 14 (13%) developed ALS. The mean positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) difference was 0.33 cmH2O (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31 to 0.33), and was higher in the ALS than in the non-ALS group (9.18 ± 2.20 vs. 8.85 ± 2.63, respectively). For peak pressure, the mean difference was − 0.18 cmH2O (95% CI, -0.20 to -0.15) (20.70 ± 5.30 in ALS vs. 20.87 ± 5.65 in non-ALS group) and the mean pressure difference of -0.05 cmH2O (95% CI, -0.04 to -0.07) (12.80 ± 3.13 vs. 12.85 ± 3.55, respectively) was also higher in the non-ALS group. The difference in single ventilation volume per ideal body weight was 0.65 mL/kg (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.66) (7.83 ± 3.16 vs. 7.18 ± 2.96, respectively), and the difference in dynamic lung compliance was 8.57 mL/cmH2O (95% CI, 8.43 to 8.70) (50.32 ± 31.68 vs. 49.68 ± 15.16, respectively); both were higher in the ALS group.

Conclusions:

There was no association between higher ventilator pressures and the development of ALS. The ALS group had higher dynamic lung compliance and higher tidal volumes, which may indicate a pulmonary contribution to ALS. VM that limits tidal volume may prevent the development of ALS.
Upregulated spinal histone deacetylases induce nociceptive sensitization by inhibiting the GABA system in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathy in rats
Authors: Wen Zhi-Hong , Chen Nan-Fu , Cheng Hao-Jung , Kuo Hsiao-Mei , Feng Chien-Wei , Yao Zhi-Kang , Chen Wu-Fu , Sung Chun-Sung
Published: March 2023

Neuropathic pain (NP) affects countless people worldwide, but there is no effective treatment. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) participate in epigenetic modifications, which are involved in neuropathy-induced nociceptive sensitization. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter that can inhibit NP. HDACs regulate glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 and the production of its downstream metabolite GABA. However, the role of HDACs and their possible cellular mechanisms in the spinal cord in neuropathy remains unclear. We found Hdac3, Hdac4, and Hdac6 gene upregulation in the lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats by RT-qPCR analysis. By western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, we further confirmed that the HDAC3, HDAC4, and HDAC6 proteins were significantly upregulated, and GAD65 and GABA production decreased dramatically. Intrathecal administration of panobinostat, a non-selective HDAC inhibitor, attenuated nociceptive behavior (thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia) and restored to downregulated spinal GAD65 and GABA in CCI rats. Thus, the upregulation of HDAC expression might induce nociception through GAD65 and GABA inhibition in CCI-induced neuropathy. These findings strongly suggest that HDACs regulate inhibitory neurotransmitters as a potential therapeutic strategy for an epigenetic approach to managing NP.
Comparison of fishy substances of soybean isolates treated with different deodorization methods based on headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Zhang You bang , Li Run , Xiang Dong
Published: March 2023

Soybean isolate protein has very important advantages including high nutritional quality, good functionality and low cost. However, it contains fishy substances that tend to give unpleasant sensory experience to consumers. For this reason, the application of soybean isolate protein in food products is limited. In this study, commercially available soybean isolates were deodorized by four different methods (including 75% ethanol, gluconolactone, lactic acid precipitation washing and dry heat). GC-IMS technique, in combination with the spectral analysis, was then employed to detect fishy substances in the samples. The results of the experimental analysis showed that 75% ethanol treatment could most effectively remove the characteristic fishy substances, such as 1-octen-3-ol, 1-hexanol and 1-pentanol.In addition, the experimental result were confirmed by simulated results using a validation model. Further, we explored the mechanism of action of ethanol deodorization and found that ethanol, which is a polar solvent, may dissolve the fishy substances in soybean isolate protein and interfere with their binding to protein; as a result, they were eluted with water during the washing step. The use of ethanol not only is safer, but also can lead to the maximum deodorization effect; thus, it should be developed to become a new deodorizer of soybean products in the future.
In-depth comparison of human serous cavity resident macrophages and dendritic cells to their murine counterparts
Authors: Randolph Gwendalyn , Han Jichang , Gallerand Alexandre , Erlich Emma , Helmink Beth , Mair Iris , Li Xin , Eckhouse Shaina , Dimou Francesca , Shakhsheer Baddr , Phelps Hannah , Chan Mandy , Schilling Joel , Finlay Conor , Allen Judith , Jakubzick Claudia , Else Kathryn , Onufer Emily , Zhang Nan
Published: March 2023

In murine peritoneal and other serous cavities, Gata6 drives identity of the major resident cavity macrophage population, with a smaller subset of cavity macrophages dependent upon Irf4. Here we show that Gata6+ macrophages in the human peritoneum are rare, regardless of age. Instead, many aligned with CD206+LYVE1+ mouse cavity macrophages from a differentiation stage just preceding expression of Gata6. The comparatively low abundance of CD206+ converting macrophages in healthy C57BL/6J mice was sustained after high-fat diet feeding or in mice capture from the wild, suggesting that the major resident macrophages between the species share overlapping differentiation programs but differing predispositions to distinct differentiation stages. Irf4-dependent mouse serous cavity macrophages aligned closely with CD1c+CD14+CD64+ human peritoneal dendritic cells (DCs) that, in turn, resembled CD1c+CD14-CD64- peritoneal cDC2. Peritoneal DC1 and plasmacytoid DCs were rare in both species. This cross-species resource comparing mouse and human serous cavity immune cells will facilitate translational research.
Influence of silicon and growth regulator on leaf, whorl and cob damage of maize fall armyworm in vivo
Authors: Sriniva Chinnadurai , Periyakaman Chandramani , Mookiah Shanthi , Paraman Mahendran Peyandi , Raman Renuka , Ramiah Nalini
Published: March 2023

Microplot field experiment was conducted to study the effect of silicon sources and growth regulator against maize fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda at Thoppur village of Virudhunagar district during Rabi, 2021-22. Basal application of different doses of calcium silicate and foliar application of silicic acid and potassium silicate were carried out. The results revealed that basal application of 150 kg of calcium silicate/ha + 0.2% silicic acid @ 15 DAS + 50 ppm GA @ 30 DAS was found to be effective in reducing leaf damage (42.88% per plant), whorl damage (36.05% per plot ) and cob damage (26.92% per plot) followed by treatment with 75 kg of calcium silicate/ha + 0.2% silicic acid @ 15 DAS + 50 ppm GA @ 30 DAS with leaf, whorl and cob damage of 44.74 per cent/plant, 39.24 per cent/plot and 26.92 per cent/plot respectively. Regarding yield, maximum yield of 7, 287 kgs/ha was recorded in the treatment with basal application of 150 kg of calcium silicate/ha + 0.2% SA @ 15 DAS + 50 ppm GA @ 30 DAS followed by treatment with 75 kg of calcium silicate + 0.2% SA @ 15 DAS + 50 ppm GA @ 30 DAS (7, 092 kg/ha). Hence in the present study, the basal application of calcium silicate 150 kg/ha combined with foliar application of silicic acid (0.2%) and gibberellic acid (50 ppm) at 15 and 30 DAS reduced the leaf, whorl and cob damage level of fall armyworm on maize at field condition.
Engineering Yeasts to Grow Solely on Methanol or Formic acid coupled with CO2 fixation
Authors: Guo Yuanke , Zhang Rui , Wang Jing , Qin Ruirui , Feng Jiao , Chen Kequan , Wang Xin
Published: March 2023

Synthetic microorganisms capable of using one-carbon compounds, such as methanol, formic acid or carbon dioxide, are of increasing interest. In this study, we converted the yeasts of Pichia pastoris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to both synthetic methylotroph and formatotroph, allowing them to grow on methanol and formic acid alone coupled with CO2 fixation through a synthetic C1-compound assimilation pathway (MFORG pathway). This pathway consists of a methanol-formic acid oxidation module and the reductive glycine pathway. We first assembled the MFORG pathway in P. pastoris using only native enzymes, followed by overexpression of genes in the reductive glycine pathway, blocking the native methanol assimilation pathway, and compartmentalizing the methanol oxidation module. These modifications successfully redesigned the native methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris to grow on both methanol and formic acid, where higher growth rate and yield on methanol was obtained compared to the wild-type strain. We then introduced the MFORG pathway from P. pastoris into the model yeast S. cerevisiae, establishing full synthetic methylotrophy and formatotrophy in this organism. The resulting strain was able to successfully grow on methanol or formic acid alone with consumption rates of 24 mg/L*h and 15.2 mg/L*h, respectively. The CO2 fixation ability of synthetic P. pastoris and S. cerevisiae through the MFORG pathway was confirmed by 13C-tracer analysis. Finally, production of 5-aminolevulinic acid and lactic acid with methanol as the sole carbon source was demonstrated using synthetic P. pastoris and S. cerevisiae, indicating the potential of yeasts as promising hosts for biochemical production from various one-carbon compounds.
Understanding Emotions: A PoliEMO Datasetand Multi-label Classification in Indian Elections
Authors: Surolia Anuradha , Mehta Shikha , Kumaraguru Ponnurangam
Published: March 2023

In recent years, multi-label emotions of user tweets have beenexplored to identify user opinion, sentiment, stance, and preferences.Many studies and datasets are available to identify and analyze useremotions. Most benchmark corpora designed for user emotion analysisinclude news websites, blogs and user tweets. However, there is little exploration of political emotions in the Indian context for multi-label emotion classification problems. This paper presents the PoliEMO dataset -a novel benchmark corpus of political tweets in a multi-label setup forIndian elections, consisting of over 3.5K tweets annotated manually. Wegenerate 6,792 labels of six emotion categories: anger, insult, joy, neutral,sadness, and shameful. We utilize the PoliEMO dataset to understandemotions in a multi-label context using state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms with multi-label classifier (BR,CC, LP, MkNN with GBand LR), deep learning (CNN, LSTM and Bi-LSTM) and transformerbased method (BERT). Our experiments show Bi-LSTM outperformswith micro-averaged F1-score of 83%, macro-averaged F1-score of 78%,and accuracy 68% as compared to state-of-the-art approaches.
Phytochemical analysis, antioxidants, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and Toxicity Evaluation of Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extract
Authors: Ahda Mustofa , Jaswir Irwandi , Khatib Alfi , Ahmed Qamar Uddin , Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah , Ardini Yunita Dewi , Mohamad Sharifah Nurul Akilah Syed , Anwar Muslih , Hernawan Hernawan
Published: March 2023

The potency of O. stamineus as a herbal candidate has been evaluated by previous studies. The goal of this study is to compare water and a 100% ethanolic extract of O. stamineus to see which one is more effective as an α-glucosidase inhibitor and antioxidant. However, these parameters are critical in the development of herbal medicines. Furthermore, the toxicity of this herb is assessed. According to this study, water extract of O. stamineus leaves has a better inhibition activity of α-glucosidase, ABTS, and DPPH, with IC50 values of approximately 43.623±0.039 µg/mL, 27.556±0.125 µg/mL, and 95.047±1.587 µg/mL, respectively. The major active compounds are fatty acid groups such as Ethyl myristate (Tr: 20.8 min); 6-(Stearoyloxy)octadecanoic acid (Tr: 20.75 min); Linoleic acid (Tr: 23.09 min); Oleic acid (Tr: 23.22 min); and phenolic groups including D-(-)-Quinic acid (Tr:1.3 min) and Caffeic acid (Tr: 5.2 min); and carboxylic acid groups and its derivate including 2-(Benzoyloxy)-3-hydroxysuccinic acid (Tr: 7.85 min) and Tuberonic acid (Tr: 9.67 min). Therefore, this study also found that the water extract of this herb is non-toxic to zebrafish embryos and has no effect on zebrafish larvae development at concentrations less than 500 g/mL.
The Ship’s Propeller Rotation Threshold in Initiating Erosion and Sedimentation on Coastal Water
Authors: Kadir Abdul , Istadi Istadi , Subagio Agus , Iskendar Iskendar , Waluyo Waluyo , Muis Abdul , Kartikasari Dewi , Sadiah Siti , Widagdo A.B , Helios M.P , Nasir Mochammad , Nurhadi Nurhadi
Published: March 2023

Seabed particles with low shear stress limits are prone to erosion and sedimentation, affecting the balance of aquatic ecosystems. The water flow velocity triggered by the rotation of the ship's propellers can reach the seabed and exert significant pressure on elementary particles. However, by setting the propeller rotation threshold, the process of erosion and sedimentation of the seabed can be controlled. This study determines the propeller rotation threshold of the Landing Craft Tank (LCT) ship based on the water flow velocity it produces. The water flow velocity was investigated at several variations of propeller rotation (rpm) and variations of water depth using numerical and empirical approaches. Then, scale model experiments were carried out in the laboratory. Analysis based on the general standard criteria for erosion and sedimentation shows that an LCT vessel with a propeller diameter of 1.5 meters can use a propeller rotation of 25 rpm in all water depths. The propeller rotation of 75 rpm is safe if the propeller shaft distance to the seabed is at least 1Dp (Dp is the propeller's diameter). A 120 rpm propeller rotation is safe to use at a minimum distance of 1.5Dp, and a 230 rpm propeller rotation is safe for a minimum distance of 2Dp. Threshold values vary based on the particle type and the water depth. The propeller rotation threshold criteria are essential in determining the new under-keel clearance (UKC) to realize environmentally friendly ship operations.
A Qualitative Study on an Ebola Outbreak in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: Community Perceptions and Burial Workers’ Barriers and Support Systems
Authors: Zwick Hana , Asobee Marc Salama , Milton Beaux Kennedy , Headley Jennifer , Eagle David
Published: March 2023

Background
Community Health Workers (CHWs) provide vital services during disease outbreaks. Appropriate burials of those who died from an infectious disease outbreak is a critical CHW function to prevent infection and disease spread. During an Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in Beni Town, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, we sought to understand the nature of the community response to the outbreak, the barriers burial works faced in their health work and its impact on local burial workers and other CHWs.
Methods
12 EVD burial CHWs in Beni Town completed an hour-long qualitative in-depth interview on their experiences. They were recruited from a local counseling center. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and translated into English. A team of 3 researchers identified structural and emergent themes using applied thematic analysis.
Results
Workers reported major misconceptions in the community surrounding the initiation of the outbreak. Community misconceptions were based on widespread governmental mistrust as well as a belief system that intertwines traditional and scientific understandings of the world. EVD burial workers identified violence directed at them and community misinformation as the two largest barriers to effectively carrying out their work. They named several important support systems including family and friends, personal relaxation techniques, and a local counseling center.
Conclusions
As with other disease outbreaks globally, we found that government mistrust and religious beliefs strongly impacted community perceptions of the EVD outbreak. Previous studies have demonstrated clinic-based medical personnel are often the targets of violence, our research also shows that burial workers were also targeted and exposed to extreme levels of violence in their work. Along with their ability to effectively respond to the outbreak, violence has a negative impact on their own mental wellbeing. Burial workers found group counseling sessions to be an effective tool for managing the stress associated with their work. Further developing and testing of group-based interventions for CHWs is a priority for future research.
Partners’ Experiences of Breastfeeding: A Qualitative Evaluation of an Intervention
Authors: Blixt Ingrid , Axelsson Ove , Funkquist Eva-Lotta
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe World Health Organization states that women and their families need breastfeeding support from the healthcare system. However, knowledge about the most effective way to involve the partner in breastfeeding is lacking. A qualitative evaluation can provide insight and knowledge about the partner’s experiences towards a breastfeeding support intervention and thus contribute to how forthcoming breastfeeding support policies are designed. The aim of this study was to explore partners’ experiences regarding breastfeeding.MethodsAn exploratory, longitudinal and qualitative design.Partners in an intervention group (IG) and control group (CG) participated in interviews or wrote diaries during pregnancy and two months after birth. The intervention was performed in line with the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. A purposive sample was recruited from March to December 2021. Interviews and diary entries from 16 Swedish partners (8 IG and 8 CG) were analysed by content analysis, in accordance with the COREQ guidelines.ResultsPartners’ experiences can be summarised under the main category of ‘Striving to be part of the family and important that the family’s everyday life was well-functioning’. IG partners experienced that both parents were involved and cooperated in the breastfeeding process and that guidance from healthcare professionals (HCPs) helped them to feel secure. CG partners experienced that they felt excluded and that they did not receive support from HCPs.ConclusionsBoth parents need to be targeted in breastfeeding support policies to meet the support needs. Midwives at antenatal care and child healthcare nurses at the child healthcare centre have important roles to play in providing structured breastfeeding support and a breastfeeding plan. Both IG and CG partners strived to become a part of the infant’s life and to make family life work. Midwives should involve both parents in a reflective dialogue on how the partner can be involved apart from just feeding the infant.Trial registration:Registered prospectively in the Swedish database on the 06thFebruary 2020: Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Sweden: https://www.researchweb.org/is/foudll. The project has nr. 273762. Retrospectively registered in Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry on the 10thMarch 2023 (We have receive the submit number 385535, Additional files 1 and added the clinical trial nr when we receive it).
‘Single-Seed-SpeedBulks:’ a protocol that combines ‘speed breeding’ with a cost-efficient modified single-seed descent method for rapid-generation-advancement in oat (Avena sativa L.)
Authors: Kigoni Milcah , Choi Megan , Arbelaez Juan David
Published: March 2023

Background
In plant breeding, one of the most cost-effective and efficient ways to increase genetic gain is to reduce the breeding cycle time. In general, modern breeding methods for self-pollinated crops should strive to develop fixed lines at the lowest possible cost and in the minimum possible amount of time. Previous studies on spring oat (Avena sativa L.) showed that combining high plant density with limited soil fertility and moisture levels in a media like sand effectively decreases the time and cost of generating fixed single-seed descent lines. More recently, ‘speed breeding’, or the exposure of prolonged photoperiod regimes of 22 hours, has been shown to decrease flowering time in oat significantly. The goal of this study was to combine ‘speed breeding’ with high-density planting in a limited soil fertility media to reduce further the costs and time required to develop oat single-seed-descent lines.
Results
We grew oat plants at low density in potting-mix (control), high density in potting-mix (HD-soil), and high density in sand (HD-sand) under 16 and 22 hours of day length. We observed that oat plants grown in HD-sand and exposed to 22 hours day length reduced their flowering time by around 20 and 5 days on average compared to those grown in control conditions at 16 and 22 hours, respectively. We also observed that 85% of plants grown at high density in sandproduced a single seed when grown in bulk conditions. In contrast, only 40% of plants grown at high density in potting-mix produced a single seed.
Conclusions
Our novel protocol showed that oat plants grown in high-density bulks, using sand media and 22-hour day length reduced their flowering time by 20 days compared to control conditions and produced plants with single seeds, following closely single-seed descent assumptions while significantly reducing labor costs and greenhouse space. This methodology can be deployed in oat breeding programs to help them accelerate their rate of genetic grain for multiple traits.
Epidemiological and phylogenetic investigation of Babesia spp. in dogs of Hainan province/island, China
Authors: Wang Kaidong , Zu Haiyue , Upadhyay Archana , Zhao Jianguo , Liao Chenghong , Guan Qingfeng , Wang Jinhua , Han Qian
Published: March 2023

Babesiosis is a significant tick borne disease, which is widely prevalent globally. Many research studies have discussed the presence of Babesia gibsoni, Babesia vogeli and Babesia canis in dogs in China. In the present study, we have used molecular approaches to detect the presence of Babesia spp. in dogs of Hainan province/island, China. A total of 1106 dog blood samples were collected from Hainan Island, of which 61 samples were found to be positive for Babesia vogeli. The highest infection rate was 56.7% (17/30) detected from Tunchang, followed by 25.0% (3/12) from Baisha and 10.4% (5/48) from Wenchang. There was only one positive case of Babesia gibsoni, and the infection rate was 0.1% (1/1106). The sequencing results showed that the subjected sample sequences were identical to Babesia vogeli and Babesia gibsoni. The results derived from this study will be helpful for planning the effective treatment, control and prevention of babesiosis in dogs of Hainan province/island.