bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BAIKALO-AMUR AND TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILWAYS WHEN TRANSPORTING ENERGY RESOURCES IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Golovschikov Vladimir
Published: May 2021

Plans for the expansion of the BAM and Transsib were considered in the framework

of the development of the Eastern range, aimed at a significant increase in the export supplies of Rus sian natural resources to Northeast Asia. The increase in the throughput capacity of the BAM and

Transsib also implies an increase in transcontinental container traffic from the countries of Northeast

Asia to Europe. The current situation in the BAM and Transsib zones, as well as the risks and threats

to the plans for the development of these railways, are considered.
INCREASE IN ENERGY INDICATORS OF COAL
Authors: Konovalov Yuriy , Poldneva Ol'ga
Published: May 2021

The results of the analysis of the directions for increasing the energy performance

of coal are presented, the most promising ones based on the combined use of flotation agents with the

possibility of using nanotechnologies are identified
PREDICTIVE REGULATORS FOR GAS TURBINE PLANTS
Authors: Nguen Van , Chan Zyuy
Published: May 2021

The efficient operation of gas turbine units (GTU) in isolated power supply systems

with variable load is impossible without the presence of coordinatedly tuned automatic regulators, the

adjustment of which requires calculations using complex algorithms. The use of predictive controllers

makes it possible to significantly simplify these calculations and quickly put the gas turbine into

operation
ON SOME APPLICATIONS OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: Sverdlova Ol'ga , Kondrat'eva Larisa
Published: May 2021

The paper deals with hyperbolic functions, the history of their origin, modern defini tion, properties and graphs. Examples of practical application of hyperbolic functions are given.
USING WORK SAFETY ANALYSIS WHEN ORGANIZING HIGH-RISK WORK
Authors: Berezovskaya Mariya , Krasnova Anzhela
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the use of ABVR in the organization of work with increased

risk.
BARRIER CHARACTERISTICS OF SANDS IN THE PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL WITH POLLUTION PETROLIUM PRODUCTS
Authors: Nguen Chung , Nguen Thi , Mai Thi
Published: May 2021

The efficiency of absorption of gasoline and motor lubricating oil through sand layers

is investigated. The influence of different heights of sand layers on the degree of retention of petrole um products is considered. The results obtained, which reached more than 80% at a layer height of 8

cm, allow assessing the barrier role of sand in preventing oil pollution of soils and reservoirs.
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF WORKING CONDITIONS IN THE WORKPLACE A SAWYER IN A WOODWORKING SHOP
Authors: Pankov Vladimir , Lufarenko Yana
Published: May 2021

The assessment of working conditions at the workplace of the sawyer in the wood working shop was carried out. The leading factors of the production environment are shown, their hy gienic assessment is given according to the degree of harmfulness and danger, the severity of the

labor process, and the final class of working conditions is determined
MOTIVATION AS A MAJOR FACTOR IN THE ACADEMIC ACTIVITY OF A MODERN STUDENT
Authors: Kompaniec Tat'yana
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the concepts of «motivation» and «motive» and their im portant role in the process of students' education in a higher educational institution at the present

stage of development of society. Functioning of external and internal motives in the educational moti vation, their differences and direct dependence as a factor of formation of successful training and in

further formation of a specialist.
HALOGENATION OF N-ARYLSULFONYL-3-POLYCHLOROMETHYL-2- AZABICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPT-5-ENES
Authors: Katerinich Maksim , Chernysheva Gul'nur
Published: May 2021

An approach to the preparation of new polyhalogenated N-sulfonylsubstituted

azanorbornane derivatives, which are of interest as valuable reagents and promising biologically ac tive substances, has been demonstrated
BUSINESS RISK MANAGEMENT: AN APPLIED ASPECT
Authors: Bychkova Gul'fira
Published: May 2021

Recommendations have been developed to supplement the information base of the

portal "Honest Business", providing the opportunity to develop and implement a business risk assess ment model.
ANALYSIS OF A SAMPLE OF DIHYDROQUERCETIN FOR CONTENT IMPURITIES
Authors: Kondrat'eva Larisa , Sverdlova Ol'ga , Dobrynina Nadezhda
Published: May 2021

A chromatographic analysis of a sample of dihydroquercetin obtained using mem brane purification was carried out for the content of impurities - quercetin, aroma-dendrin, naringenin,

and luteolin. According to the research data, the purity of the obtained dihydro-vercetin corresponds to

the standard sample.
DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM BUSINESS USING MOBILE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Zarubina Yuliya
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the prospects for the development of the tourism business

using mobile applications
RUSSIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS
Authors: Zarubina Yuliya
Published: May 2021

The article examines the effectiveness of the practice of applying sanctions against

certain states, the results of the adaptation of the Russian economy to the new regime of functioning

under sanctions. The problem of the deterioration of the investment climate and the loss of GDP is

considered.
FEATURES OF FORMING THE MISSION OF IT-COMPANY
Authors: Filimonova Yuliya
Published: May 2021

The value of the mission statement for the company is determined, the features of

the mission statement for the IT company are highlighted.
ELECTIONS OF VILLAGE COUNCILS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1920S. IN EASTERN SIBERIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE IRKUTSK DISTRICT)
Authors: Cubikova Lyubov'
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the electoral campaigns for the re-election of rural councils in

the second half of the 1920s. The paper analyzes the reasons for the turnout growth of the population in

the elections to village councils, their motives.
DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE STUDENTS
Authors: Yaroshevich Irina
Published: May 2021

The analysis of the work of the physical performance of the students of AnGTU with

the help of functional tests of Ruffier for the study of general endurance and the Harvard step test is

considered
THE ROLE OF SPORTS IN THE ADAPTATION OF STUDENTS TO THE CONDITIONS
Authors: Yaroshevich Irina
Published: May 2021

The topic of daily academic work, twice – a-year examination sessions with an in tense load, training and production practices are considered-all this requires students to be in good

health, good physical fitness, and high efficiency.
METHODS OF QUANTUM-CHEMICAL CALCULATION OF INHIBITOR DESCRIPTORS
Authors: Matofonov Vladimir , Kovalyuk Elena
Published: May 2021

Methods of quantum-chemical calculation, comparison of their advantages and dis advantages, optimal objects for calculation are considered.
THE PROSPECTIVE USE OF METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE IN THE TREATING OF PROCESS GASES FOR HYDRIGEN SULFIDE REMOVAL ON THE DIESEL FUEL HYDROCLEANING UNIT JSC «ANHK»
Authors: Novichihin Dmitriy , Kuzora Igor'
Published: May 2021

It was considered the possibility of using methyldiethanolamine solution instead of

monoethanolamine solution for hydrogen sulfide removal from process gases in diesel fuel

hydrocleaning unit JSC «ANHK». It is demonstrated some advantages and disadvantages

methyldiethanolamine-based circulating absorbent in comparison of monoethanolamine-based absor bent.
ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBON BASE FOR DRILLING FLUIDS IN JSC «ANGARSK PETROCHEMICAL COMPANY» AND DEVELOP MENT OF MEASURES TO INCREASE THE VOLUME OF ITS PRODUC
Authors: Stadnik Aleksandr , Kuzora Igor'
Published: May 2021

JSC «ANHK» has developed and introduced into production a technology for pro duction the base for drilling fluids based on high conversion oil refining. The development of the tech nology included: analysis of the existing processes and the quality of the company's raw materials;

development of engineering models for producing the base for drilling fluids; laboratory tests; imple mentation of pilot industrial runs at installations; calculation of the economic effect; production launch

and development of normative documents. Also described are measures to increase the volume of

production of a new product
OPERATION OF OIL VACUUM DISTRIBUTION UNITS OF PRIMARY OIL REFINING UNITS ON A SINGLE COLUMN OPTION
Authors: Tomchak Margarita , Raskulova Tat'yana
Published: May 2021

Advantages and disadvantages of one and two-column operation schemes of vacu um distillation units of fuel oil of primary oil refining units are considered
HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF A COMBINED SINGLE-FLOW STRAINER PLATE WITH A MOVABLE BALL PACK
Authors: Ul'yanov Boris , Fereferov Mihail , Hortov Aleksandr
Published: May 2021

The report presents the method of experiments and the results of the study of the

hydrodynamics of the gas-liquid system on a strainer one-threaded plate with a movable ball pack

with different density of ball elements.
RESEARCH OF THE ADSORPTION OF OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS BY MODIFIED ADSORBENTS
Authors: Chugunov Aleksandr , Nikolaenko Rodion , Filatova Elena
Published: May 2021

RESEARCH OF THE ADSORPTION OF OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

BY MODIFIED ADSORBENTS
USE OF PYRAZOLE-CONTAINING ISOTHIURONIUM SALTS AS GLOSS FORMING ADDITIVES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL NICKEL PLATING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Shaferova Marina , Sosnovskaya Nina , Kobelevskaya Valentina , Korchevin Nikolay
Published: May 2021

The introduction of available pyrazole-containing isothiuronium salts as additives to

a standard nickel-plating sulfate electrolyte for the electrochemical production of shiny nickel coatings

is considered
New Discoveries: Manuscript of the Map of Bohemia by J. K. Müller, Manuscript of the Map of Moravia and Plates of the Map of Cheb's Environs
Authors: Kupčík Ivan
Published: May 2021

Valuable manuscripts of maps produced by outstanding 18th century cartographer Jan Kryštof Müller were discovered in Viennese archives. Copper plates of the Map of Cheb's Environs were found in the Municipal Museum in Cheb.
Results of an Instrumented Static Loading Test and Its Application to Design Compilation of an International Survey
Authors: Fellenius Bengt
Published: May 2021

Results of a static loading test were used together with soil exploration records in a survey comprising analysis of the test records and estimating settlement of piled foundation to support a pipe rack. The test pile was a strain-gage instrumented, 400-mm diameter, precast, prestressed concrete pile driven into a clay and silt deposit to 25 m embedment. Two main issues were expected to be addressed by the survey participants: First, realization that the strain records were affected by presence of residual force in the pile and, second, calculation of the settlement of the piled foundation expected from the foundation load. A total of 52 submissions were received from 20 different countries. Only 12 of the submissions realized the presence of residual force. Most submissions reported a calculated settlement of the piled foundations ranging from 10 mm through 50 mm; however, 11 reported values between 60 and 200 mm. Surprisingly, only 20 submissions reported ground surface settlement close to the 200-mm value resulting from text-book analysis based on the available information. The subsequent construction of the piled foundations coincided with placing a fill across the site and lowering of the groundwater table, thus, causing a general subsidence.
FPGA Implementation of high speed-low energy RNS based Reconfigurable-FIR Filter for Cognitive Radio Applications
Authors: Murthy C. Srinivasa , Sridevi K.
Published: May 2021

The Finite impulse response (FIR) filter is prominently employed in many digital signal processing (DSP) systems for various applications. In this paper, we present a high-performance RNS based FIR filter design for filtration in SDR applications. In general, the residue number system (RNS) gives significant metrics over FIR implementation with its inherent parallelism and data partitioning mechanism. But with increased bit width cause considerable performance trade-off due to both residue computation and reverse conversion. In this paper optimized Residue Number System (RNS) arithmetic is proposed which includes distributed arithmetic based residue computation during RNS multiplication followed by speculative delay optimized reverse computation to mitigate the FIR filter trade-off characteristics with filter length. The proposed RNS design utilizes built-in RAMs block present in the devices of FPGA to accomplish the process of reverse conversion and to store pre-computational values. A distinctive feature of the proposed FIR filter implementation with core optimized RNS is to minimize hardware complexity overhead with the improved operating speed. Initially, fetal audio signal detection is carried out to validate the functionality of FIR filter core and FPGA hardware synthesis is carried out for various input word size and FIR length. From the experimental, it is proved that the trade-off exists in conventional RNS FIR over filter length is narrow down along with considerable complexity reduction with our proposed optimized RNS system.
PREVALENCE OF CROSSBITE IN SCHOOL CHILDREN OF SUNDAR INDUSTRIAL STATE AND RAIWIND, LAHORE: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Rabia Tabassum  , Nazish Amjad  , Faiza Malik  , Munazza Saleem
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Crossbite is a commonly occurring malocclusion. It may be anterior or posterior, and it may occur either unilaterally or bilaterally. This study determined the prevalence of crossbite in children of different schools of Sundar industrial state and Raiwind.

METHODOLOGY: Nine hundred (428 male and 472 female) children of various schools of Raiwind and Sundar Industrial State, Lahore, were examined. Information regarding age, sex, and crossbite were noted. The recorded data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Frequency distribution was used for the descriptive analysis. Statistical level of significance using student’s t-test was p< 0.05.

RESULTS: Out of 900 children, 117(13%) were noted to have at least one tooth in crossbite, which was more frequent in permanent (13.2%) than in mixed dentition (12.3%). The prevalence of crossbite was slightly greater in female subjects (16.1%) than in male subjects (9.1%).  Crossbite was seen more frequently in the posterior (6.3%) than the anterior region (5.9%). Combined anterior and posterior crossbite was found in 7(0.8%) children. Unilateral crossbite on the left side was found to be more frequent (6.6%) than on the right side (4.6%), and the bilateral crossbite was found to be in 1.9% of children. Buccal crossbite was more prevalent (6.8%) than lingual crossbite (5.8%). Combined lingual and buccal crossbite was found to be in 0.4% of children.

CONCLUSION: Crossbite is a frequently occurring malocclusion in school children of Sundar industrial state and Raiwind, Lahore. Posterior crossbite is more prevalent than anterior crossbite.
CORRECTION TO THE PAPER: AN ENERGY DISSIPATIVE SPATIAL DISCRETIZATION FOR THE REGULARIZED COMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES-CAHN-HILLIARD SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS
(IN MATH. MODEL. ANAL., 25(1): 110–129, HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.3846/MMA.2020.10577)
Authors: Balashov Vladislav , Zlotnik Alexander
Published: May 2021

We correct the proof of Theorem 2 in the mentioned paper concerning finite-difference equilibrium solutions.
Dissecting the Quadruple Binary Hyad vA 351 Masses for Three M Dwarfs and a White Dwarf*
Authors: Benedict G. Fritz , Franz Otto G. , Horch Elliott P. , Prato L. , Torres Guillermo , McArthur Barbara E. , Wasserman Lawrence H. , Latham David W. , Stefanik Robert P. , Latham Christian , Skiff Brian A.
Published: May 2021

We extend results first announced by Franz et al., that identified vA 351  = H346 in the Hyades as a multiple star system containing a white dwarf. With Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor fringe tracking and scanning, and more recent speckle observations, all spanning 20.7 years, we establish a parallax, relative orbit, and mass fraction for two components, with a period,

and total mass 2.1

. With ground-based radial velocities from the McDonald Observatory Otto Struve 2.1 m Telescope Sandiford Spectrograph, and Center for Astrophysics Digital Speedometers, spanning 37 years, we find that component B consists of BC, two M dwarf stars orbiting with a very short period (

days), having a mass ratio

/

 = 0.95. We confirm that the total mass of the system can only be reconciled with the distance and component photometry by including a fainter, higher-mass component. The quadruple system consists of three M dwarfs (A, B, C) and one white dwarf (D). We determine individual M dwarf masses

 = 0.53 ± 0.10

,

 = 0.43 ± 0.04

, and

 = 0.41 ± 0.04

. The white dwarf mass, 0.54 ± 0.04

, comes from cooling models, an assumed Hyades age of 670 Myr, and consistency with all previous and derived astrometric, photometric, and radial velocity results. Velocities from Hα and He i emission lines confirm the BC period derived from absorption lines, with similar (He i) and higher (Hα) velocity amplitudes. We ascribe the larger Hα amplitude to emission from a region each component shadows from the other, depending on the line of sight.
Revealing the Local Cosmic Web from Galaxies by Deep Learning
Authors: Hong 홍 Sungwook E. 성욱 , Jeong Donghui , Seong Hwang Ho , Kim Juhan
Published: May 2021

A total of 80% of the matter in the universe is in the form of dark matter that composes the skeleton of the large-scale structure called the cosmic web. As the cosmic web dictates the motion of all matter in galaxies and intergalactic media through gravity, knowing the distribution of dark matter is essential for studying the large-scale structure. However, the cosmic web’s detailed structure is unknown because it is dominated by dark matter and warm−hot intergalactic media, both of which are hard to trace. Here we show that we can reconstruct the cosmic web from the galaxy distribution using the convolutional-neural-network-based deep-learning algorithm. We find the mapping between the position and velocity of galaxies and the cosmic web using the results of the state-of-the-art cosmological galaxy simulations of Illustris-TNG. We confirm the mapping by applying it to the EAGLE simulation. Finally, using the local galaxy sample from Cosmicflows-3, we find the dark matter map in the local universe. We anticipate that the local dark matter map will illuminate the studies of the nature of dark matter and the formation and evolution of the Local Group. High-resolution simulations and precise distance measurements to local galaxies will improve the accuracy of the dark matter map.
A Single Pulse Study of a Millisecond Pulsar PSR J0621+1002
Authors: Wang S. Q. , Wang J. B. , Wang N. , Feng Y. , Zhang S. B. , Lee K. J. , Li D. , Lu J. G. , Xie J. T. , Zhou D. J. , Zhang L.
Published: May 2021

We present radio observation of a millisecond pulsar PSR J0621+1002 using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope. The pulsar shows periodic pulse intensity modulations for both the first and the third pulse components. The fluctuation spectrum of the first pulse component has one peak of 3.0 ± 0.1 pulse periods, while that of the third pulse component has two diffused peaks of 3.0 ± 0.1 and 200 ± 1 pulse periods. The single pulse timing analysis is carried out for this pulsar and the single pulses can be divided into two classes based on the post-fit timing residuals. We examined the achievable timing precision using only the pulses in one class or bright pulses. However, the timing precision improvement is not achievable.
The Effects of Magnetic Boundary on the Uniform Distribution of Energetic Particle Intensities Observed by Multiple Spacecraft
Authors: Wang Yang , Lyu Dan , Qin Gang , Xiao Boxi
Published: May 2021

In the decay phase of solar energetic particle (SEP) events, particle intensities observed by widely separated spacecraft usually present comparable intensities (within a factor of 2–3) that evolve similarly in time. The phenomenon of SEP events is called a reservoir, which could be observed frequently in intensive gradual SEP events. In this work, we find the effects of the magnetic boundary could help to form the reservoir phenomenon in energetic proton and electron events. In the 1978 January 1 and the 2000 November 8 SEP events, we find the effects of the magnetic boundary associated with the reservoir phenomenon were observed simultaneously in the sheath of magnetic cloud/interplanetary coronal mass ejection. Based on the observations, we suggest that the effects of the magnetic boundary could be due to the magnetic mirrors and/or the small diffusion coefficients in the sheath region and they could help to form the reservoir phenomenon in both the energetic proton and electron events in some large SEP events.
A new genus and four new species in the /Psathyrella s.l. clade from China
Authors: Bau Tolgor , Yan Jun-Qing
Published: May 2021

Based on traditional morphological and phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, tef-1α and β-tub) of psathyrelloid specimens collected from China, four new species are here described: Heteropsathyrella macrocystidia, Psathyrella amygdalinospora, P. piluliformoides, and P. truncatisporoides. H. macrocystidia forms a distinct lineage and groups together with Cystoagaricus, Kauffmania, and Typhrasa in the /Psathyrella s.l. clade, based on the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Thus, the monospecific genus Heteropsathyrella gen. nov. is introduced for the single species. Detailed descriptions, colour photos, and illustrations are presented in this paper.
La gestion des parcours patients en Onco-sénologie : une approche exploratoire à partir de l’expérience partagée de la maladie sur les médias sociaux
Authors: Rochette Corinne , Cherif Emna , Martin-Verdier Elisabeth
Published: May 2021

Dans un contexte où le cancer constitue la première cause de mortalité en France, il y a un véritable intérêt à identifier la perception que les patients ont de leur parcours de soin afin d’améliorer la qualité perçue de leur expérience et finalement agir positivement sur l’acceptation d’une situation difficile à vivre et désormais abordée comme chronique. A partir d’une analyse de 956 discours de patientes atteintes de cancer du sein postés sur un forum de discussion, l’objectif de cette recherche est de reconstituer le parcours vécu par les patientes dans leur expérience de la maladie. Ce travail explore les trois étapes clés du parcours de ces patientes, étape de découverte, étape d’examen et étape de suivi ainsi que celle de contrôle. Il met en évidence des points de contact critiques qui sont la source d’une altération de la perception de la prise en charge et auxquels les institutions de santé doivent porter une attention particulière. Cette recherche met également en évidence deux importantes étapes extra-parcours : l’étape pré-parcours et l’étape post-parcours.
Objectivité, régularité, accessibilité : quel rôle pour un observatoire public dans le champ des drogues et des conduites addictives ?
Authors: Morel d’Arleux Julien
Published: May 2021

Depuis 1996, l’Observatoire français des drogues et des toxicomanies (OFDT) a développé un dispositif d’enquêtes et de collecte d’information permettant de documenter de la manière la plus transversale possible le champ des drogues et des conduites addictives. L’OFDT est un opérateur public spécifique constitué sous la forme d’un groupement d’intérêt public (GIP) associant l’État (12 départements ministériels et la Mission interministérielle de lutte contre les drogues et les conduites addictives) et la Fédération nationale des observatoires régionaux de santé (FNORS). Cet article permet de revenir sur l’histoire de l’OFDT, après vingt-cinq ans d’exercice, afin de tirer un bilan de la mise en œuvre d’un dispositif d’observation original, en France comme en Europe, mais également de réfléchir aux missions d’un observatoire public dans le cadre des politiques publiques de mobilisation contre les conduites addictives.
Retour sur 20 ans de quantification des usages de drogues chez les adolescents
Authors: Spilka Stanislas , Beck François
Published: May 2021

Il faut attendre la fin des années 1990 pour que la France se dote d’un dispositif d’observation statistique des comportements d’usages de drogues en population générale. Ces enquêtes vont, dès le départ, viser l’ensemble de la population française et notamment les plus jeunes eu égard à l’enjeu de santé publique que constitue l’initiation précoce aux substances psychoactives aux premiers rangs desquelles on trouve les boissons alcoolisées, les cigarettes et le cannabis. Initier une enquête auprès des adolescents sur des comportements illicites n’allait pas de soi mais, en innovant tout en s’inspirant des enquêtes réalisées aux États-Unis, comme l’enquête Monitoring the future (MTF) ou l’ European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) menée dans d’autres pays européens, l’Observatoire français des drogues et des toxicomanies (OFDT) va concevoir en 2000 la première enquête ESCAPAD auprès des adolescents âgés de 17 ans, enquête dont le 9 e  exercice se déroulera en 2022. À partir de quelques exemples de résultats emblématiques de l’enquête, cet article revient sur les apports spécifiques d’un dispositif d’observation quantitatif et s’interroge sur son adaptation aux nouveaux enjeux méthodologiques comme à l’évolution du champ de l’addictologie.
Christine de Pizan et Le Livre du Corps de policie
Authors: Toureille Valérie
Published: May 2021

Le Livre du Corps de policie de Christine de Pizan (1406-1407) s’inscrit dans une trilogie, entre le Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V (1404), qui est un miroir du bon gouvernement et le Livre de la Paix (1412-1413), dédié au prince Louis de Guyenne, qui énumère les sept vertus du prince. Après un rappel contextuel (politique et littéraire) nécessaire à l’analyse de l’œuvre, qui s’inscrit dans la tradition de l’exposé des vertus du prince, il ressort que la particularité et la modernité de Pizan se situent dans son usage de la théorie organiciste, soit la représentation (classique) de l’État en un corps humain politique qui forme ce « corps de policie », comme entité abstraite. Il appartient au roi de maintenir l’ordre social établi et l’unité dans ce corps politique, non sans s’appuyer particulièrement sur les fidèles officiers, le tiers ordre (les villes et les bourgeois précisément) et les assemblées représentatives nouvelles. Le roi « n’est que le dépositaire d’un office », dans une vision moderne de la souveraineté. Pizan est non seulement la première femme – engagée – à écrire un miroir au prince mais aussi celle qui réussit à faire de son miroir un traité de science politique de son temps expliqué à un enfant.
Le conservatisme nié et déguisé d’Eric Voegelin
Authors: Lecoutre François
Published: May 2021

Après son exil outre-Atlantique, Eric Voegelin (1901-1985) a toujours nié systématiquement son appartenance à la tradition conservatrice (1), mais il a tout de même été très largement reçu par les conservateurs américains, surtout les théoconservateurs, qui ont trouvé en lui un allié pour mener à bien leur critique de la modernité sécularisée (2). Selon nous, cette réception voegelinienne par les conservateurs américains ne dénature pas l’œuvre de Voegelin comme celui-ci le prétendait. Elle présente même, au contraire, l’intérêt de jeter la lumière sur son appartenance à la tradition conservatrice d’avant-guerre qu’il avait pourtant pris le soin aux États-Unis de dissimuler à travers une reformulation de sa philosophie politique autoritaire en une « théologie politique » (3).
L'énergie éolienne en Europe
Authors: Guyet Rachel
Published: May 2021

Le cas de la procédure d’octroi d’un permis de construire pour un parc éolien dans le South Lanarkshire en Écosse montre que, quand bien même un projet bénéficie d’un discours politique positif et de règles d’aménagement favorables au déploiement éolien et respecte l’ensemble des normes légales et réglementaires, l’acceptabilité n’est pas acquise. La dynamique de construction de l’acceptabilité sociale de ce projet renvoie d’abord à la capacité de l’acteur privé à garantir des arènes de dialogue avec les autorités et les communautés locales. Elle découle ensuite du rapport de force entre autorités locales et gouvernement central, ce dernier l’emportant pour aboutir à une conciliation d’intérêts a priori divergents mais encadrés par la loi. Enfin, elle dépend de la capacité d’un secteur énergétique actuellement dominé par les intérêts de quelques grands énergéticiens à entendre les revendications des communautés locales, à partager les bénéfices issus de la production éolienne et à s’adapter à l’émergence de projets indépendants et communautaires.
L'énergie éolienne en Europe
Authors: Bafoil François
Published: May 2021

L’émergence des énergies renouvelables est concomitante de l’approfondissement des gouvernances décentralisées en Europe et surtout des conflits locaux dont les enjeux se sont déplacés vers une demande de participation accrue de la part des citoyens concernés. Ce constat permet de différencier les enjeux énergétiques, les acteurs, l’action publique et privée d’aujourd’hui par rapport à ceux du passé, tout en laissant ouverte la question de l’évolution interne des secteurs énergétiques qui demeurent centralisés.
Rivalités linguistiques et efforts de promotion du français à l’Unesco de 1945 à 1970
Authors: Maurel Chloé
Published: May 2021

Dès la création de l’Unesco en 1945, une concurrence s’y développe entre ses deux langues officielles, l’anglais et le français. Deux groupes d’États aux intérêts linguistiques et culturels divergents s’opposent : le « clan latin » autour de la France, et le « clan anglo-saxon » autour des États-Unis et du Royaume-Uni. La nationalité des dirigeants et du personnel, la langue utilisée dans les réunions et dans les projets de terrain, deviennent l’objet de vives luttes d’influence qui se déploient en marge des enjeux officiels de l’organisation. Au-delà de la dimension linguistique, ces luttes d’influence ont une portée culturelle, politique et économique. De 1945 à 1948, l’Unesco est divisée entre l’influence anglo-saxonne et l’influence francophone. Ensuite, sous la direction du Mexicain francophile Jaime Torres Bodet, de 1948 à 1952, l’influence francophone augmente. Après une tentative de restauration de l’influence anglo-saxonne de 1953 à 1958, la langue française et les conceptions culturelles francophones gagnent du terrain tout au long des années 1960 pour devenir prépondérantes vers 1970. Cette évolution peut s’expliquer à la fois par l’importance et le dynamisme des réseaux d’intellectuels francophones qui gravitent autour de l’Unesco, par l’action volontariste des réseaux diplomatiques et politiques français, et par le rôle individuel des personnalités placées à la tête de l’Unesco, notamment le Français René Maheu pendant les années 1960.
L’émergence de la conscience francophone au Congo-Kinshasa
Authors: Kasende Jean-Christophe L. A.
Published: May 2021

La place de la RDC dans la francophonie internationale aujourd’hui est l’abou-tissement d’un processus historique aléatoire allant de retentissants échos, à Léopoldville, du discours de Brazzaville du général De Gaulle, à l’imaginaire congolais nourri par l’aura senghorienne des années 60, en passant par l’attitude contreproductive du système colonial belge.Le refus de l’administration coloniale belge de généraliser l’enseignement du français au Congo contraste, en la matière, avec « l’humanisme » et « la générosité culturelle » du système colonial français. La France a en effet encouragé le développement de l’enseignement dans ses territoires d’outre-mer jusqu’à faire de Senghor le premier Africain noir professeur de français en France. La prise de conscience par l’élite congolaise de son retard par rapport à ses homologues des colonies françaises est le fondement de « l’émergence du domaine et du monde francophones » en RDC. Ainsi donc, bien que le Congo-Léopoldville soit devenu francophone grâce à la colonisation belge, la Belgique est plutôt accusée de n’avoir facilité ni l’acquisition du français ni sa maîtrise par les autochtones.Cette conscience collective du refus de la Belgique d’ouvrir sa colonie au monde extérieur justifie, semble-t-il, l’adoption par les Congolais de la RDC du français parisien. En effet, au Congo-Kinshasa on dit « soixante-dix » et « quatre-vingt-dix » au lieu de « septante » et « nonante » comme en Belgique. Il faut reconnaître enfin qu’outre tous ces aléas historiques, avec ses quelques centaines des langues ethniques, toutes fonctionnelles, la RDC, aujourd’hui premier pays francophone du monde en nombre d’habitants, semblait avoir son destin profondément enraciné dans la francophonie : langue officielle, mais aussi langue de l’enseignement et de l’administration publique, le français y est surtout la langue de cohésion nationale.
Figures de l’émergence de la francophonie dans les manuels scolaires pour l’Afrique et Madagascar (1960-1970)
Authors: Verdelhan-Bourgade Michèle
Published: May 2021

Le français est resté après les indépendances la langue principale d’enseignement dans de nombreux pays d’Afrique, et des manuels ont été créés pour cela. On recherchera ici si la francophonie sous ses différents aspects apparaît dans les manuels scolaires destinés à l’enseignement du français en Afrique francophone, dans la tranche de temps située entre 1960 et 1970, après les indépendances, mais avant le développement de la francophonie institutionnelle. On observera la difficulté à distinguer textes français et textes traduits, et donc une sorte d’uniformisation de la littérature, qui laisse par ailleurs très peu de place aux langues nationales. Les auteurs francophones autres que français représentent environ un quart de l’ensemble, mais sont rarement situables dans un pays ou une époque. L’Afrique est traitée comme une entité, que ce soit au plan des thèmes abordés ou des valeurs exaltées. C’est ainsi à une émergence ambiguë et confuse qu’on assiste dans ces manuels, en matière de francophonie.
Trois langues d’enseignement en compétition : bulgare, français, hébreu. Le cas de classes primaires d’une école de l’Alliance israélite universelle en Bulgarie (fin du 19e)
Authors: Omer Danielle
Published: May 2021

A partir de 1862, l’Alliance israélite universelle crée un réseau d’écoles afin de contribuer à l’occidentalisation des communautés juives orientales, jugées retardataires. Les communautés juives de Bulgarie en font partie. Dans cette configuration, le bulgare, le français ou l’hébreu ont vocation à devenir sinon LA seule langue d’enseignement, du moins la principale dans les écoles primaires de ces communautés. Le cas de l’école communautaire juive de garçons de Sofia sert ici d’exemple pour comprendre comment l’enseignement de (et dans) ces trois langues évolue et sous quels effets l’une ou l’autre prend plus d’importance, ou en perd ou en regagne.
De la nécessité d’une analyse conceptuelle en éducation relative à l’environnement - Réflexions sur le langage de la durabilité
Authors: Jickling Bob
Published: May 2021

Le domaine de l’éducation relative à l’environnement (ERE) est constitué de concepts complexes et je crois que nous n’avons pas suffisamment cherché à approfondir ces idées fondamentales qui sous-tendent notre travail. L’analyse conceptuelle est un champ de recherche important et rigoureux qu’il importe de développer en ERE. Dans cet article, le concept et le langage de la « durabilité » ou « viabilité » (sustainability) servent d’exemples pour illustrer ce qu’est l’analyse conceptuelle. Il apparaît que le concept de durabilité confond un vaste éventail d’idées et de valeurs. Si nous consentons à inscrire notre travail d’éducateurs dans un tel langage, nous risquons de désamorcer notre capacité de clarification, de compréhension et de recherche des bases philosophiques liées aux enjeux contemporains.
Transducers as Gates to the Universe
Authors: Dan Ciulin Adam
Published: May 2021

The ‘main structure and performances’ of any physical system may be (nearly) maintained for a given time interval only if this system is kept inside a kind of ‘shell’ that protects it and only, if the necessary (desired) exchange of energy-mass with its environment is realized through some transducers. The subsystem constituted by the shell and transducers constitutes a kind of ‘barrier’ between this physical system and its environment. Then, humans can exchange energy, mass, and then information with their environment only though their available transducers. The paper presents the chapters: about Plank energy, about inertia in rotation, translation, about waves and space dimensions, all based on classical physics and mathematics. These chapters present in a different manner some very well-known physical phenomena. Associated with a new and convenient technology, all these models may be considered as innovation strategy importance. Applications may be found in interplanetary telecommunications and treks but also for every day earth vehicles and life.
Clot Characterization by Multidisciplinary Approach: Biochemical and Imaging Parameters in A Hypocoagulative Setting. A Pilot Study
Authors: Marongiu Francesco , Ntoukas Dimitrios Marco , Barberini Luigi , Ruberto Maria Filomena , Piras Maria Sebastiana , Conti Maria , Di Martino Maria Luisa , Mura Mario , Marongiu Silvia , Vannini Maria Luigia , Lillu Mattia , Piras Monica , Fanni Daniela , Fenu Lara , Porcu Carmen , Barcellona Doris , Faa Gavino , Congiu Terenzio
Published: May 2021

Background

Clot characterization is, to the present days, a multimodal approach: scanning the clot by electron microscopy (SEM) is helpful for the visualization of fibrin structure along with laboratory parameters such as the clot waveform analysis (CWA) and thrombin generation in different settings of clot abnormalities. This study aimed to assess whether the coagulative parameters were consistent with the clot images texture acquired by SEM, and therefore to propose a more generalist and integrative approach to clots classification.

Design and methods

In this pilot study, the examined population consists of eight healthy subjects, seven patients affected by Acquired Hemophilia A (AHA) and seven patients treated with Vitamin K Antagonists (VKAs), similar for age and gender. We studied the velocity and acceleration (1st and 2nd derivative of the aPTT) of clot formation (CWA), the thrombin generation, and the clots’ scanning by SEM. Images acquired with SEM were then analyzed with the MATLAB software with the “Texture Analysis” methods to perform classification. Among the various texture parameters, we reported Contrast and Energy.

Results

Significant differences among healthy subjects, patients with AHA and those treated with VKAs were detected for the coagulative parameters. We found no differences between VKAs and AHA patients. Contrast and energy highlighted a significant difference among the three groups in agreement with the laboratory's parameters. We found no significant differences between VKAs and AHA patients.

Conclusions

The use of SEM, CWA and thrombin generation parameters may be a starting point for studies aimed to demonstrate the general characteristics of clot formation in different clinical conditions with a multiparametric approach.
Combining Anthropometry and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Predict Body Fat in Female Athletes
Authors: Foote Douglas M. , Berkelhammer Max , Marone Jane , Horswill Craig A.
Published: May 2021

Context

Accurate methods for predicting the percentage of body fat (%Fat) in female athletes are needed for those who lose weight before competition. Methods mandated by sport governing bodies for minimal weight determination in such athletes lack validation.

Objective

To (1) determine whether combining anthropometry using skinfold (SF) thicknesses and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in a 3-compartment (3C) model would improve the prediction of %Fat in female athletes and (2) evaluate the Slaughter SF equation.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Laboratory-based study during the preseason for collegiate sports.

Participants

A total of 18 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes were recruited from swim and gymnastics teams.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

We measured %Fat based on a 4-compartment (4C) criterion incorporating body density (air-displacement plethysmography), total body water (D2O dilution), and bone mineral mass (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) compared with predicted %Fat using SF alone (Slaughter equation), BIA (single frequency for total body water estimate), and combined SF and BIA (3C model).

Results

For the %Fat determined using the 4C criterion, the highest adjusted coefficient of determination and lowest prediction error (r2; ±standard error of estimate) were for the 3C model (r2 = 0.87; ±2.8%), followed by BIA (r2 = 0.80; ±3.5%) and SF (r2 = 0.76; ±3.8%; P values < .05 for all). Means differed for the %Fat determined using BIA (26.6% ± 7.5%) and the 3C (25.5% ± 7.2%) versus 4C model (23.5% ± 7.4%; analysis of variance and post hoc analyses: P values < .05). The SF estimate (24.0% ± 7.8%) did not differ from the 4C value.

Conclusions

Combining SF and BIA might improve the prediction and lower the prediction error for determining the %Fat in female athletes compared with using SF or BIA separately. Regardless, the Slaughter equation for SF appeared to be accurate for determining the mean %Fat in these female athletes.
Uptake and outcomes of early infant male circumcision services in four counties in Western Kenya
Authors: Okwaro Andale Thomas , Gachuno Onesmus , Awuor Theresa Odero Mary
Published: May 2021

Background: Early Infant Male Circumcision (EIMC) is part of sustainable HIV prevention strategies in Kenya. The goals of the national EIMC program are to circumcise at least 40% of all newborn male infants delivered at hospitals offering the service and keep the rate of moderate and adverse events below 2%.

Objectives: To determine the proportion of early male infants (age less than 60 days) born at hospitals in four counties of western Kenya who got circumcised and document the prevalence of adverse events (AEs) among those circumcised.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study involving all records for EIMC from 1st March 2014 through 31st March 2018 in four counties of western Kenya. Data analysis was done using EXEL to document proportion of facilities offering EIMC and compare EIMC uptake and outcomes in the four counties against the national goals for the program.

Results: A mean of 4.3% of total health facilities offer EIMC in the region. Siaya had the highest proportion of facilities offering EIMC while Migori had the lowest proportion. Uptake of EIMC was low at 17.4% for all male infants born, far less than the anticipated target of 40%. Average adverse event rates were 0.3%.

Conclusion: EIMC uptake remains low in this region of Kenya due to small number of health facilities offering the service. The proportion of circumcised early male infants born at the target health facilities is below the national target of 40% even though the rate of adverse events among those circumcised is acceptable.

Keywords: Adverse event; circumcision; early male infant; uptake; western Kenya.
Antiretroviral therapy outcomes among adolescents and young adults in a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya
Authors: Mburugu Patrick , Muiruri Peter , Opiyo Nelly , Simba Justus , Adunda Jane , Kawira Rosemary , Gachuno Onesmus
Published: May 2021

Background: Limited data is available on the treatment outcomes of HIV infected adolescents and young adults (AYA) in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV-infected adolescents and young adults (AYA) are at high risk of developing antiretroviral treatment failure.

Objective: To determine the clinical, immunological and virologic outcomes of AYA at a tertiary hospital in Kenya.

Methodology: A longitudinal study was conducted among AYA age 10-24 years attending Kenyatta National Hospital comprehensive care center. Clinical data was abstracted from electronic medical records for study participants with at least 6 months of follow-up using a structured data abstraction sheet.

Results: A total of 250 AYA age 10 to 24 years were included. The median age was 16 years. The median CD4 cell count was 650.6 cells/mm3 (IQR 350.7-884.0). More than half (60.6%) of AYA had a CD4 cell count higher than 500 cells/mm3. Overall, 76.9% of AYA had achieved viral suppression (viral load <1000 copies/ml). There was a significant increase in virologic failure with higher age and late adolescents and young adults were more likely to have a viral load > 1000 copies/ ml p<0.012.

Conclusion: The overall virologic suppression in this cohort of AYA was sub-optimal. Both immunological and virologic outcomes were worse among late adolescents (18-19 years) and young adults (20-24 years).

Keywords: Adolescents; HIV; Kenya; virologic suppression; young adults.
Predictors of antiretroviral therapy interruptions and factors influencing return to care at the Nkolndongo Health District, Cameroon
Authors: Nsoh Marius , E Tshimwanga Katayi , A Ngum Busi , Mgasa Avelina , O Otieno Moses , Moali Bokwena , Sirili Nathanael , S Atanga Ndeso , Edie Halle-Ekane Gregory
Published: May 2021

Background: Antiretroviral therapy is a lifelong commitment that requires consistent intake of tablets to optimize health outcomes, attain and maintain viral suppression. Objective: We aimed to elicit predictors of treatment interruption amongst PLHIV and identify motivating factors influ- encing return to care. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a mixed-method approach in four hospitals in Yaoundé. Sociodemo- graphic and clinical data were collected from ART registers. Using purposeful sampling, thirteen participants were enrolled for interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using Epi-Info and Atlas-TI for qualitative analysis. Ethical clearance ap- proved by CBCHS-IRB. Results: A total of 271 participants records were assessed. The mean age was 33 years (SD±11years). Private facilities CASS and CMNB registered respectively 53 (19.6%) and 14 (5.2%) participants while CMA Nkomo and IPC had 114 (42.1%) and 90 (33.2%) participants. Most participants (75.3%) were females [OR 1.14; CI 0.78-1.66] compare with males. 78% had no viral load test results. Transport cost and stigmatization constituted the most prominent predictors of treatment interruption (47.5%) and (10.5%) respectively. Belief in the discovery of an eminent HIV cure and the desire to raise offspring motivated 30% and 61%, respectively to resume treatment. Conclusion: Structural barriers like exposed health facility, and dispensing ARVs in open spaces stigmatizes clients and increases odds of attrition. Attrition of patients on ART will be minimized through implementation of client centered ap- proaches like multiplying proxy ART pick points, devolving stable clients to community ARV model.

Keywords: ART interruption; attrition; return to care; predictors; motivating factors; Cameroon.
Non communicable diseases persist despite being overshadowed by Covid-19 globally
Authors: K Tumwine James
Published: May 2021

Nil