bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovation in Education a Project Based Learning Implemented in Engineering using Global Classroom Methodology
Authors: León-Pulido Jeffrey , Salgado-Escobar Irma , Robledo-Rella Víctor , Piñeiro-Cortes Leidy Lorena , Crissien-Castillo Billy
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, strategies have been developed to enable online international and multicultural collaboration experiences. The Global Classroom (GC) project represents an advanced educational strategy that promotes international online collaboration. This experience brought together students of Biotechnology Engineering from the Tecnológico de Monterrey in Mexico with students of Chemical Engineering from the Universidad EAN in Colombia. These groups participated jointly in the Analytical Chemistry with Product and Process Design courses during the semesters from August to December 2020 and from February to June 2021, in two cohorts. At the heart of this collaboration was the implementation of online Project-Based Learning (PBL), designed to deepen students’ intercultural and technical educational experience. The core project involved an experimental study of the heat of reaction in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide using an enzyme extracted from avocados at different stages of ripening. To evaluate the effectiveness of the GC program, three evaluation instruments were used: written reports, oral presentations, and anonymous surveys. The results of this assessment indicated a notable enrichment in several key competencies. Among them, teamwork stood out, where students learned to collaborate effectively despite cultural and location differences; problem-solving, encouraged by the challenging nature of the projects; and the exchange of ideas, which was enhanced by the diversity of perspectives and academic contexts. In addition, students showed an increase in the acquisition of new knowledge, successfully applied what they learned in previous scenarios, and optimized the use of computational and digital tools.
Valorization of acid whey through processing for use as substrate in lactic fermentation
Authors: González-Téllez Juan Carlos , Muvdi-Nova Carlos Jesús , Mantilla-Camacho Claudia Milena
Published: December 2024

In Colombia, whey substrate has great potential to produce lactic acid and its derivatives by fermentation. Moreover, it could contribute to the development of an emerging industry that takes advantage of by-products from the dairy industry and covers a market niche that today depends mostly on imports. In this research work, a scheme of valorization of acid whey (result of the production of string cheeses), based on stages of deproteinization, clarification, and concentration, for use in lactic fermentation was studied. The results obtained in this study show a reduction of 40 % of the protein (recovered for other uses), while concentrated whey was obtained up to a Volumetric Concentration Factor (VCF) of 4, increasing the concentration of lactose and other nutrients. Fermentations were carried out with whey: whole (untreated), deproteinized and concentrated/diluted, all at a VCF of 1, to evaluate the effect of the degree of processing on the performance of the bioprocess. Fermentations with lactose reagent grade were made as references. All the evaluated media presented complete consumption of lactose, with product/substrate yields (Yp/s) between 0.77 ± 0.03 g/g and 0.92 ± 0.03 g/g for whey media, and 0.88 ± 0.04 g/g for the reference medium. In general, it was observed that fermentations with whey reached higher productivity (between 1.25 ± 0.21 and 1.65 ± 0.35 g/L/h) compared with 0.95 ± 0.35 g/L/h for the reference medium. The statistical analysis, conducted using Tukey’s test, shows that the processing stages do not significantly affect the conversion of whey to lactate.
Sweet potato peel peroxidasemodified graphene oxide electrodes for detection of hydrogen peroxide via electrochemical sensing
Authors: Vega Miguel Ángel , Castillo John J.
Published: December 2024

The development of efficient and sensitive detection methods for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is crucial for various applications in biology, medicine, and environmental monitoring. Here, we present a novel approach utilizing batata peel peroxidase (BPP) extract-modified screen-printed graphene oxide electrodes (SPGOE) for the electrochemical sensing of H2O2. The BPP was characterized as having a specific activity of 478 U mg-1, an optimum pH of 8.0 and a thermostability at 60°C with a Kinact of 7.02x10-3 min-1. In this study, we systematically investigate the fabrication process of the peroxidase batata-modified SPGOE and characterize their electrochemical performance using cyclic voltammetry technique. The BPP-SPGOE demonstrates outstanding electrocatalytic performance for the reduction of H₂O₂, showing a linear response across the 250 μM to 5 mM concentration range and a detection limit of 4.6 mM. This novel sensor, created by incorporating BPP onto the GO electrode, offers a promising electrochemical detection system for measuring H₂O₂ in real-world samples, which has significant biomedical and environmental applications. Overall, this study presents a versatile and efficient strategy for electrochemical sensing of H2O2 using BPP-SPGOE, paving the way for advanced analytical methodologies with broad applications in biology and beyond.
Diseño y puesta en marcha de un sistema de pirólisis catalítica de poliestireno expandido
Authors: García-Sánchez Julieth , Arenas-Aguilar Alejandra , Cendales-Sánchez Lizeth , Baldovino-Medrano Víctor
Published: December 2024

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo diseñar y poner a punto un reactor semi-continuo de acero inoxidable 316 para el aprovechamiento de poliestireno expandido en la obtención de estireno mediante pirólisis catalítica. Se construyó un reactor de 1335 cm3 compuesto de un recipiente tubular con salida de vapores lateral, un horno de calentamiento, un condensador tipo serpentín y un rotámetro para el alimento de un gas de arrastre (N2). Para el proceso, se usó un catalizador industrial de craqueo catalítico fluidizado. Dentro de la metodología desarrollada para realizar las pruebas catalíticas se destaca que: (i) el catalizador fue mezclado con el poliestireno mediante molienda mecánica. (ii) Se determinaron los perfiles de temperatura del reactor y se comparó el comportamiento del catalizador con el observado en su ausencia. La eficiencia del proceso se evalúo en términos del rendimiento hacia estireno y la pureza del producto líquido. Finalmente, se determinaron las mejores condiciones de operación mediante un diseño factorial 32 usando como variables de entrada la temperatura (360 °C, 430 °C y 500 °C) y la altura del lecho (4, 6 y 8 cm). Se determinó que las variables afectan de forma similar a la pureza del líquido y el rendimiento hacia estireno, pero que el efecto generado depende de la interacción entre las dos variables estudiadas. Las mejores condiciones de operación del reactor obtenidas del diseño experimental fueron 430 °C y 4 cm de lecho obteniendo un rendimiento de 0,74 g de estireno/g poliestireno expandido y 89 % de pureza.
Effect of Different Doses of Ketamine on Fentanyl-Induced Cough
Authors: Honarmand Azim , Safavi Mohammadreza , Cheshmaviz Nasim
Published: December 2024

Background: Reflex cough is a common complication after fentanyl injection during anesthesia. Several studies have tried different medications to control fentanyl-induced cough (FIC).
Aim: Our study evaluated the effect of different ketamine dosage on preventing fentanyl induced cough.
Methods: We randomly assigned 80 participants into four groups. Group 1 was administered 0.15 mg/kg, Group 2 received 0.2 mg/kg, Group 3 was given 0.25 mg/kg of intravenous ketamine one minute prior to fentanyl injections, while Group 4 received an equivalent volume of 0.9% normal saline.
Results: The incidence and severity of cough was evaluated by FIC score. The incident of cough was significantly lower in Groups 3, 2 and 1 in comparison to Group 4 (0, 5, 30 respectively vs 85, p<0.001). The cough severity was significantly lower in Groups 3, 2 and 1 in comparison to Group 4 (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Intravenous ketamine 0.25 mg/kg, significantly decreased the severity and frequency of cough compared with 0.20 and 0.15 mg/kg IV ketamine.
Comparison of the Effect of Intravenous Atropine and Hyoscine on the Frequency of Oculocardiac Reflex in Scleral Buckling Surgery: A Triple-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gilani Mehryar Taghavi , Dabbaghi Babak , Sheybani Shima , Mashhadi Leila
Published: December 2024

Background: Oculocardiac reflex is a trigeminovagal reflex that occurs following mechanical manipulation of the orbital cavity. The current study evaluated the preventive effect of atropine and hyoscine on the Oculocardiac reflex in scleral buckling surgery.
Methods: In this triple-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial, a total of 75 patients candidated for scleral buckling surgery were divided into three groups. Intravenous atropine (0.02 mg/kg up to a maximum of 0.5 mg), hyoscine (0.2 mg/kg), and distilled water were injected after intubation for each group respectively with standard monitoring. Heart rate, blood pressure and/or cardiac dysrrythmia were recorded immediately before/after injection and every 10 minutes. Decrease of heart rate more than 20%, or any cardiac dysrrythmia were defined as OCR. P-value <0.05 was significant.
Results: Demographic parameters were not different in three groups. Oculocardiac reflex was observed in hyoscine (34.8%), atropine (31.6%) and control (35.3%) groups (p=0.27). Additive atropine was injected only in two patients of control group. Oculocardiac reflex occurred more in the first ten minutes (35%) and in 30 minutes (55%), and was not observed after 90 minutes. Moreover, atropine and hyoscine increased the heart rate of patients more than control group (P=0.02), but in atropine group was longer than hyoscine group (P=0.03). Systolic blood pressure was not significantly different among the groups.
Conclusion: In this study had been showed that in scleral buckling surgery, atropine is more effective than hyoscine in heart rate increase, but did not reduce oculocardiac reflex more significant than hyoscine and control group. And also oculocardiac reflex was more in first 30 minutes.
Assessing Patients’ Knowledge and Attitude Toward Anesthesia and Its Complications in a Tertiary Center: An Original Study
Authors: Koohsari Parisa , Montaseri Alireza , Vahedi Atefeh , Samadi Shahram , Sahebi Leyla , Jafarnejad Behzad , Hajipour Asghar
Published: December 2024

Background: Anesthesia is a significant development of modern medicine that makes diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with unbearable pain or discomfort feasible. Like most medical procedures, anesthesia is not free of complications. It is shown that many patients suffer from anxiety due to fear of anesthesia complications before operation. Increasing patients’ knowledge of these complications can help them reduce their anxiety. This study aimed to assess the patients’ knowledge and attitude toward anesthesia complications and their relationship with demographic features and previous anesthesia experience to ensure a helpful and informative preoperative visit.
Methods: This is an original study conducted on patients referred to our anesthesia clinic for a preoperative visit, completing a questionnaire about demographic features, previous anesthesia experience, knowledge, and attitude toward anesthesia complications. The results were expressed as frequencies and percentages. T-test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression were used to find the significance of the study parameters.
Results: Four hundred patients entered the study. Patient demographics were as follows: 260 (65.0%) female, 251 (62.75%) high school-graduated or below, mean (SD) age 42.75± 13.62 years. 260(65.0%) patients had previous anesthesia experience. Patients’ mean (SD) knowledge score was 6.83 ± 4.18 out of 19 questions and the mean (SD) attitude score was 54.26 ± 6.59. The patients were most aware of postoperative delirium (72.8%), nausea and vomiting (66.0%), feeling pain during surgery (59.5%), and death (52.3%) as general anesthesia complications. There was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the female sex (p-value= 0.03). University education had a significant relationship with knowledge and attitude (both p-values ≤ 0.001). There was a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude (Pearson correlation= 0.461, p-value ≤ 0.001), as well.
Conclusion: Unfortunately, the knowledge about anesthesia complications in outpatients referring to our tertiary care center was poor. Women and university-educated patients had a higher level of knowledge. In contrast, most patients had a positive attitude toward anesthesia which was significantly higher in university-educated patients. It is shown that with the increase in the level of knowledge, attitude scores increased as well.
Comparison of Electronic Learning Versus Discussion-Based Learning Methods on Learning Rate of Medical Students about Sedation in the Emergency Room: An Analytical Descriptive Prospective Study
Authors: Zeinaly Aidin , Kelvanagh Afsaneh Mouseli , Soleimanpour Maryam , Esfanjani Robab Mehdizadeh , Soleimanpour Hassan
Published: December 2024

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of two teaching models (e-learning and discussion-based learning) on the learning process of emergency department interns in relation to the use of the sedatives.
Methods: In this study, 129 interns introduced to the emergency medicine department were included in the study. These interns were randomly divided into two groups, I and II. For both groups, a pre-test based on standard parallel multiple-choice questions (MCQs) was prepared. Then, the electronic software which was prepared was distributed to the first group. For people of group II, six hours of discussion-based training was conducted for 3 consecutive weeks. At the end of the course (after 1 month), a post-test, which was the same questions as the pre-test, was obtained from interns in both groups.
Results: At the end of the study, we found a significant improvement in the learning rate of both groups all aspects of the knowledge including: science related to the use of narcotics in sedation (P=0.01 for e-learning group and P<0.001 for discussion based group), knowledge related to the use of intravenous anesthetics for sedation(P=0.025 for e-learning group P<0.001 for discussion based group), Knowledge related to definition and clinical judgments in sedation and Knowledge related to the use of Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) for sedation (P<0.001 for both groups). However, for all the investigated results, the learning rate was significantly better in the discussion-based learning group compared to the e-learning group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, we found using either e-learning or discussion-based learning methods increase the acquisition of sedation knowledge for emergency department students. However, the discussion-based method have better results on the learning process of the interns.
Evaluation of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scores in Patients with Covid-19: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abdollahi Hamed , Tavakoli Hassan , Mojtahedi Yousef , Sedighiyan Mohsen , Abdolahi Mina , Jamshidi Mohammad Sadegh , Rezvankhah Boshra , Soleimani Leila , Gandomkar Hossein , Ali Nazemian Nader , Asanjarani Behzad , Manouchehri Masoumeh , Ilkhani Shirin , Ghanioun Aram , Shakeri Khosro , Khah Amir Sobhrakhshan , Yousefi Abolghasem
Published: December 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic event with a global impact, predicted to increase depression, anxiety, substance use, sadness, and loneliness. This study was conducted to evaluate the scale of depression, anxiety, and stress among patients infected with the COVID-19 virus.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2019 and April 2022. According to the conditions of the study space, available sampling was selected. In addition to demographic characteristics, a questionnaire related to stress, anxiety, and depression (DASS-21) was used to collect data. Then, the collected data were entered into SPSS software for analysis, and Pearson's correlation was used to check the relationship between the variables, with the significance level (P-value) reported.
Results: Out of a total of 714 participants, 26.1% had higher scores in depression, 37.5% in anxiety, and 15.7% in stress. In this way, two-thirds of the studied population on the depression and anxiety scale and almost half of the studied population on the stress scale experienced degrees of these disorders from mild to very severe during the period of COVID-19 infection. The scores of each subcategory of depression, anxiety, and stress are significantly correlated with each other, which shows that people who have a higher score in one subcategory also have a higher score in two subcategories.
Conclusion: It seems that COVID-19 has an obvious effect on the mental health of people. Thus, more policies and attention are needed in this field to manage the disease.
Can Cerebral Oximetry Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Strategy in Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Congenital Cardiac Surgery be Considered an Advanced Nursing Practice?
Authors: Shakiba Maryam , Hosseinzadeh Maleki Mahmood , Khademian Ghazaleh , Ghanbari Amene , Hajipour Fatemeh , Younessi Heravi Mohamad Amin , Moghaddam Saeideh Imani , Yaghubi Mohsen
Published: December 2024

Background: The importance of cerebral perfusion during congenital cardiac surgery, especially after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) strategy, has remained a debate. In this study, we evaluated the effect of mild hypothermic CPB strategy on cerebral oximetry near-infrared spectroscopy in congenital heart defects surgery.
Methods: In a randomized prospective study, the pediatrics aged two months and six years with RACHS categories I-Ⅱ for congenital heart defects surgery were randomly divided into normothermic and mild hypothermic CPB groups. The NIRS was measured in all patients via the INVOS ™ cerebral oximetry system. The perfusion and anesthesia strategies during the study were followed as standard methods. A p-value below 0.05 is considered to be a significant level.
Results: Regarding cerebral oximetry, the results showed no significant difference between normothermic and mild hypothermic CPB groups.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that optimizing cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring during congenital cardiac surgery can improve patient outcomes as a protective strategy.
The Effect of Training Based on the SCORPIO Model on the Knowledge and Skills of Airway Management Peri-Anesthesia Induction in Undergraduate of Nursing Anesthesiology Students
Authors: Albooghobeish Masoumeh , Mohamadi Zinat , Khalafi Ali , Moghadam Morteza Habibi
Published: December 2024

Background: Using novel educational methods in teaching medical sciences is very important. The SCORPIO model is one such method that can be used as an interactive educational station and a combination of other educational methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the SCORPIO model in the acquisition of knowledge and skills of airway management during peri-anesthesia induction among undergraduate nursing anesthesia students.
Methods: The present study was a randomized controlled study with a pre-test-post-test design including an intervention and a control group. The participants were undergraduate nursing anesthesia students studying in the 3rd and 5th semesters. Sixty students were selected using convenience method and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the students’ knowledge and an OSCE test to assess their skills. The intervention group attended three 2-hour training sessions where the knowledge and skills of airway management during peri-anesthesia induction was taught using the SCORPIO model. The control group, on the other hand, received the same content through conventional teaching methods including lectures and the use of manikins in three 2-hour sessions.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics (p<0.05). The mean score of students' knowledge of airway management during peri-anesthesia induction before the intervention was (1.83) 12.47 in the intervention group and (1.71) 12.63 in the control group. Also, the mean score of students' skill of airway management during peri-anesthesia induction before the intervention was (1.44) 12.07 in the intervention group and (1.43) 12.43 in the control group, which indicated no statistically significant difference according to independent t-test (p=0.71 and p=0.32, respectively). After the intervention, however, the results of the paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the knowledge and skill scores, with the students in the intervention group obtaining higher scores of knowledge and skills (p<0.001), while this was not the case in the control group (p=0.26 and p=0.64, respectively).
Conclusion: The SCORPIO model improves the knowledge and skills of airway management peri-anesthesia induction in undergraduate nursing anesthesia students.
Insecure Attachment to Father After a Panic Attack in 5/5 Year-Old Child
Authors: Pilehroud Maghsoud Nader , Maddahi Mohammad Ebrahim
Published: December 2024

The impact of anxiety and injuries caused by severe stress can contribute to the manifestation of more severe disorders in children. The authors of this article have reported a case involving a five-and-a-half-year-old child who formed an insecure attachment or reliance on his father after experiencing several instances of anxiety attacks (panic attacks). The child was assessed utilizing the Conner’s QEEG test (Conner Rating Scale-Revised) parent version and the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS). Subsequently, a treatment plan incorporating drug administration, Loretta neurofeedback, and psychological counseling was implemented. Notably, session three of QEEG demonstrated a decline in anxiety levels. However, no changes were observed in the child’s insecure attachment and reliance on the father. Hence, adopting a trans-diagnostic and dimensional approach is crucial when assessing uncommon cases and developing treatment protocols tailored to each disorder.
Delayed Diagnosis of Crigler-Najjar Disease: A Case Report of a 17-Year-Old Man with Progressive Jaundice
Authors: Beigvand Pedram , Moradi Niloofar , Ramezani Sepehr , Firuzpour Faezeh
Published: December 2024

Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II is a metabolic disorder stemming from mutations in the UGT1A1 gene, resulting in heightened levels of unconjugated bilirubin. Here is a case report of a 17-year-old male patient with minor thalassemia and G6PD deficiency who was referred due to worsening jaundice. He has had a history of lifelong jaundice, which has intensified over the past year and a half. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with Crigler-Najjar type II based on his medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory findings. Furthermore, the patient’s positive response to phenobarbital treatment confirmed the diagnosis. Consequently, it is imperative to consider Crigler- Najjar syndrome in cases of unexplained unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Comparison of Canal Transportation by Two Rotary Systems, Neoniti vs. Wave One, Both Used with Reciprocal Motion
Authors: Aminsobhani Mohsen , Rezaei Avval Arvin , Hamidzadeh Fatemeh
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Preserving the original canal morphology is the ideal goal during root canal preparation. This study aimed to compare canal transportation at various cross-sections using the Neoniti and Wave One Gold rotary systems, both applied with reciprocal motion.
Materials and Methods: Forty acrylic S-shape canal simulator endo-blocks were used in this study. Two preparation protocols were applied: (1) Proglider (#16/0.02) followed by Wave One Gold (#20/0.07) and (2) GPS followed by A1#20 (reciprocal motion). The canals were dyed before and after preparation, and images were captured from both stages using blocks. These images were then superimposed using Adobe Photoshop to assess differences, and measurements were taken with Digimizer image analysis software. The data was analyzed using an independent samples T-test, with statistical significance set at P<0.05.
Results: Transportation was significantly greater in the middle third of the canal simulator in the group that was treated with Proglider (#16/0.02) followed by Wave One Gold (#20/0.07). However, no significant differences were observed in the coronal or apical thirds.
Conclusion: While the manufacturer of Neoniti recommends using this system with continuous rotational motion, it can also be effectively utilized with reciprocal motion, yielding satisfactory results while respecting the canal anatomy.
Comparison of Machine Learning Models for Stress Detection from Sensor Data Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Networks and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
Authors: Jain Mohit , Srihari Arjun
Published: December 2024

Stress has become one of the serious concerns in modern society and affects health, both mentally and physically, influencing productivity and quality of life. Chronic stress has grave health consequences, including cardiovascular diseases, anxiety, depression, and suppression of immune responses. Early detection and management are thus of utmost importance for mitigating its adverse effects. The increased popularity of wearable devices and physiological sensors now allows the detection of stressors using real-time data. The presented research is targeted at the study and comparison of the performance of two leading deep learning architectures: LSTM networks and CNN, based on stress detection according to physiological sensor data.
This research is based on a dataset of three important physiological parameters: Heart Rate Variability, Galvanic Skin Response, and Skin Temperature, recorded using wearable devices. All these data are filtered for noise and normalized for quality and consistency. In this paper, LSTM and CNN models have been designed, trained, and tested on the same datasets so that a fair comparison can be performed. Accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and computational efficiency were the metrics considered to evaluate the model's effectiveness.
These results emphasize the fact that LSTM networks outperform CNNs in terms of extracting temporal dependencies in time-series data, yielding high accuracy, recall, and F1-score. This underlines the fact that LSTMs are much more appropriate in applications such as detection of stress, which requires the deeper understanding of sequential patterns. On the other hand, CNNs do have more computational efficiency and multi-dimensional feature extraction capability, useful in cases where real-time performance is required using limited resources.
This comparative analysis not only points out the trade-offs of the two models but also serves as a pointer to the potential hybrid approaches which integrate the strengths of LSTM and CNN architectures. The findings of this study give practical insights to the researchers, developers, and practitioners in the domain of health monitoring and stress detection. It therefore enhances the knowledge to date on the ability and limits of the models in the general domain of the application of machine learning in mental health, hence more accurate, scalable, yet efficient automatic stress detection systems are enabled.
Creation of Aerial Arecanut Dataset and Aerial Arecanut Ripeness Level Detection using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Aparanji V.M. , Chaitanya M. , Gurukiran M.T. , Guruprasad A.S. , Manjunath T.M. , Aradhya Sumalatha , Ravi H.K.
Published: December 2024

Background: Arecanut, a commercially significant crop grown across various regions of the country and contributes significantly to India’s global ranking as the second-largest producer. Harvesting arecanut at precise stages is paramount to achieve optimal yields. Typically, this task requires minimum of two skilled individuals: a professional tree climber proficient in nut plucking and another adept at assessing ripeness. Before proceeding to harvest all the arecanuts, the climber picks one or two nuts and indicates the other person to check it for ripeness assessment. The assessor verifies ripeness by peeling the nut with teeth and uses roti/dhoti (an equipment used to harvest arecanut) to harvest arecanut if it is ripened. Inaccurate predictions can lead to significant crop losses. Manual harvesting, while effective, presents challenges such as labour shortages, time consumption, and potential for life-threatening circumstances. Methods: To address these challenges this paper presents the creation of aerial arecanut dataset and accurate ripeness detection of arecanut using Deep Neural Networks (DNN) such as AlexNet and VGG-16. Images of Arecanut bunch are fed as input to the DNN. The features like colour, shape, texture, etc., will be extracted and given as input features to the classifier. The classifier will categorize the arecanut into three classes: unripened, intermediate and ripened. Result: The accuracy of classification of arecanut ripeness level is 94.58% and 96.87% using AlexNet and VGG-16 respectively. If this model is integrated in roti/dhoti, the life of the human being can be saved. Or if this model is integrated with the climber unit and cutter unit, it will transform the arecanut harvesting system into a fully automated harvesting system and further it reduces the man power required to harvest the arecanut, overcomes the life threats during harvesting and arecanut harvesting process becomes faster compared to the conventional method.
Impact of Three Cultivation Methods on Quality Characteristics of Camarosa Strawberries Grown under Punjab Conditions
Authors: Chauhan Nidhi , Bakshi Manish , Sharma Jyoti Bharti , Khalangre Atul , . Shaifali , Chaudhuri Madhurima , Jabroot Khan
Published: December 2024

Background: In recent years, there has been growing interest in sustainable and organic farming practices due to concern about environmental impacts and food quality associated with conventional agriculture. Organic farming (OF) has gained popularity for its emphasis on natural inputs and ecological balance. Subhash Palekar natural farming (SPNF), an innovative approach developed in India, promotes low-cost, chemical-free farming using locally available resources. Methods: This study investigated the effects of three cultivation methods - Organic farming (OF), Subhash Palekar natural farming (SPNF) and conventional farming (CF) on the quality characteristics of strawberry cv. Camarosa grown in Punjab conditions. Field trials were conducted in Lovely Professional University, Punjab from 2022 to 2024 to evaluate physicochemical properties, bioactive compound levels and antioxidant activity. Result: Results revealed that OF and SPNF practices yielded higher quality fruits compared to CF. Organically grown strawberries exhibited significantly higher total sugars (7.56%), reducing sugars (6.04%), non-reducing sugars (1.51%), total phenolics (266.54 mg/100 g), total flavonoids (167.46 mg/100 g), ascorbic acid (38.78 mg/100 g), total anthocyanins (53.42 mg/100 g) and total antioxidant capacity (86.58%). SPNF produced results comparable to OF in most parameters, consistently outperforming CF. These findings suggest that organic and natural farming methods can intensify the nutritional quality along with bioactive compound content of strawberries while potentially offering more sustainable cultivation practices.
AL-NISWIYAH FI RIWAYAH NAWAL AL-SA’DAWI "IMRA'AT ‘INDA NUQTAH AS-SHIFR"
Authors: Ilmia Miftahul , Naf'an Abdul Wahab
Published: December 2024

This study describes the form of movement and resistance of the main female character in Nawal El Saadawi's novel Imra'at 'inda nuqtah as-shifr against the oppression of a patriarchal society. The aims of this study are to 1) Define the portrayal of the heroine in the novel imra'at 'inda nuqtah as-shifr. 2) Define the form of female resistance in the post-colonial period. 3) Analyze the form of expression of women's rights in Nawal El Saadawi's imra'at 'inda nuqtah as-shifr from the perspective of Anya Loomba. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research approach to analyze the actions and resistance of the female protagonist portrayed through the narrative. The data in this study are in the form of quotes describing women's resistance to the patriarchal cultures they encounter. The findings of this study are: 1) The protagonist, Firdaus, is portrayed as a woman who suffers from acts of injustice in the patriarchal culture. Firdaus is described as a strong woman in the face of her difficult life. 2) Firdaus' actions reflect the female resistance that the main character undertakes to protect herself. 3) The expression of women's rights in imra'at 'inda nuqtah as-shifr in the post-colonial period depicts courageous women demanding the rights they deserve, such as education, work, and success. Women can express their rights among patriarchal races.
Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches to Chemo Brain
Authors: Helvacı Çelik Fatma Gül , Puşuroğlu Meltem , Köse Sefanur , Hocaoğlu Çiçek
Published: December 2024

Advancements in cancer treatment and the consequent increase in post-treatment survival have brought the challenges associated with cancer therapy into sharper focus. Many treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy, are administered systemically, leading to significant systemic side effects. Cognitive impairments, including deficits in executive functions, attention, memory, word finding difficulties, and the inability to acquire new skills, can arise during and after cancer treatment, a phenomenon known as "chemo brain." Post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment can be observed at high rates and may persist long-term in nearly one-third of cases, resulting in a decline in quality of life and functional impairment. Proposed mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of chemo brain include disruption of blood-brain barrier integrity leading to increased permeability and brain susceptibility, DNA damage and associated deficiencies in DNA repair, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuroinflammation-neurotoxicity, neuronal genetic susceptibility and epigenetic changes, post-chemotherapy hormonal alterations, reactive oxygen radicals and effects, loss of spinal and dendritic arborization, microtubule disintegration, reduced neurogenesis, neurotransmitter alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and loss of spinal density. This review aims to evaluate the characteristics, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and options for prevention or treatment of chemo brain, accompanied by current literature findings, thereby contributing to the existing body of knowledge.
Erratum to 'Acoustic performance of mesoporous charcoal: A comparative study using impedance tube, anechoic chamber, and mass law'
Authors: Khrystoslavenko Olga , Sikandar Muhammad Usman
Published: December 2024

This is an Erratum to 'Acoustic performance of mesoporous charcoal: A comparative study using impedance tube, anechoic chamber, and mass law' by Olga Khrystoslavenko, Muhammad Usman Sikandar published in Ecocycles, 10(2), 80-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19040/ecocycles.v10i2.490.
Adalet Partisi’nin AET’ye Yönelik Yaklaşımı
Authors: Efe Haydar , Kemahlı Garipoğlu Funda
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Demokrat Parti’nin kapatılmasının ardından, onun mirasını devralan, liberal ekonomi ve serbest piyasa ilkelerini savunan ve diğer sağ partileri marjinalleştirerek ülkenin ana merkez sağ partisi durumuna gelen Adalet Partisi’nin (AP) zaman içinde değişen Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu’na yönelik yaklaşımını ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda, Türk siyasal hayatının temel aktörlerinden biri olan ve yaklaşık olarak 20 yıl süren siyasi ömrü boyunca Türkiye’nin Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu’na üye olmasını savunan partinin AET’ye yönelik politikaları iki farklı dönemde incelenmektedir. Partinin kuruluşundan 1971 Askeri müdahaleye kadar olan dönem birinci dönemi oluştururken, ikinci dönem 1971’den 1980 yılındaki Adalet Partisi’nin kapatılmasına da neden olan askeri müdahaleye kadar olan dönemi kapsamaktadır.
Birinci dönemde, Adalet Partisi, AET ile ilişkilere programlarında, seçim bildirgelerinde ve söylemlerinde geniş yer vermiş, AET ile ilişkilerin geliştirilmesi için büyük çaba harcamıştır. 1965 yılında iktidara gelmesiyle birlikte AET ile ilişkileri geliştirmek ve hazırlık döneminden geçiş dönemine geçişi düzenleyen Katma Protokol’ü hayata geçirmek için ciddi çabalar harcamıştır. İkinci dönemde ise Adalet Partisi, ülkede artan ekonomik, siyasal istikrarsızlığın da etkisiyle dışa açık ve rekabete dayalı bir ekonomi ilkesini savunmak yerine ithal ikameci ve sanayiyi korumaya öncelik veren bir anlayış benimsemeye başlamıştır. AP, bu dönemde tek başına iktidar olamamış, AET ile ilişkilere karşı çıkan partilerle koalisyon hükümetleri kurmak zorunda kalmış ve AET ile ilişkileri ihmal etmiştir.
Avrupa Birliği’nin Gelişen Orta Asya Politikası: Ekonomi ve Güvenlik Stratejisinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi (1991-2023)
Authors: Emir Mehmet
Published: December 2024

Soğuk Savaşın bitişinden sonra Avrupa Birliği’nin Orta Asya devletleri ile kurduğu ilişkiler özellikle ekonomi ve güvenlik stratejileri çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. Orta Asya tarihsel süreçte Avrupa Birliği’nin yanı sıra Rusya, Çin ve ABD gibi aktörler için de stratejik ve vazgeçilemez bir bölgedir. Bu makale Soğuk Savaş sonrasında Orta Asya bölgesindeki büyük güç mücadelelerine rağmen Avrupa Birliği’nin kararlı ve istikrarlı bir şekilde sürdürdüğü çıkar motivasyonunu analiz etmektedir. Çalışmada Avrupa Birliği’nin gerek bölgesel aktörler gerekse de büyük güçlerle ekonomi ve güvenlik odağındaki stratejik ilişkileri kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmektedir. Makale Realist Teori çerçevesinde bölgesel ekonomi ve güvenlik stratejilerini analiz ederek Avrupa Birliği’nin Orta Asya politikası hakkında Uluslararası İlişkiler alanına özgün katkılar sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.
Çağdaş Uluslararası İlişkiler Yazınında Anarşist Teori: Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Çaliş Şaban Halis , Söker Çağlar
Published: December 2024

Anarşizm, Uluslararası İlişkiler (Uİ) disiplininde müstakil bir teori olarak uzun bir süre gündeme gelmemiş ve incelenmemiştir. Anarşizmle ilgili ilk çalışmalar 1970’lerde yayımlanmıştır ancak onlar da istisnai niteliktedir. Anarşizmin ihmali konusunda disiplin özelinde bir farkındalığın oluşması ve anarşist teori literatüründe canlanma ise ancak 2000’li yıllarda gerçekleşmiştir. Bu makale, disiplinin kısa süre önce oluşmaya başlayan anarşist teori külliyatına ışık tutmayı; mevcut literatüre eleştirel bir açıdan yaklaşarak eksikleri ve problemleri sorgulamayı hedeflemektedir. Makalede birkaç sonuca ulaşılmıştır. Öncelikle Uİ’de anarşizme dair çizilen yüzeysel, eksik ve yanıltıcı resimlerin, pedagojik açıdan sorun(lar) yaratabileceği ve bu teori üzerinde yapılabilecek farklı çalışmaları da olumsuz etkileme riski taşıdığı öne sürülmüştür. İkinci olarak anarşizmin belirli versiyonlarının baskınlık kazanmasının veya farklı anarşist yaklaşımların tahfif edici bakışla ele alınmasının, anarşizmin çoğulcu karakterine zarar verdiği gibi bir imkân olarak anarşizmin uluslararası ilişkilerin analizine yapacağı katkılara da ket vuracağı vurgusu yapılmıştır. Üçüncü temel sonuç ise literatürdeki göreli genişlemeye rağmen hâlâ yapılacak çok iş olduğudur. Klasiklerin ele alınmasından, disiplinin temel kavramlarının anarşist analizine; anarşizmin küresel sorunlara yaklaşımından küresel ilişkilerin tarihine yönelik anarşist okumalara kadar birçok alanda eksikler ve boşluklar bulunmaktadır. Makale bu alanlara dikkat çekmeyi ve nihayetinde anarşist teorinin Türkçe literatürde de canlanmasını teşvik etmeyi hedeflemektedir.
Liberalizmden İlliberalizme: Orban’ın Siyasal Dönüşümü ve COVID-19 Pandemisindeki Sağ Popülist Stratejileri
Authors: İyiekici Burak
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, 1990’lardan itibaren geçirdiği ideolojik dönüşümleri temel alarak Macaristan Başbakanı Viktor Orban ve partisi Fidesz’in, COVID-19 pandemisi süresince izlediği politikaların, sağ popülist bir ideolojiyle nasıl örtüştüğünü ve pandeminin illiberal demokrasi inşası için nasıl bir fırsat olarak kullanıldığını incelemektedir. Araştırmada Fidesz’in 1988’deki kuruluşundan 2010 sonrası dönemde yaşadığı ideolojik dönüşüme kadar olan süreç ele alınarak, Orbán’ın sağ popülist stratejilerinin pandemi dönemindeki yönetimiyle kesişen noktaları tartışılmaktadır. Araştırmanın temel argümanı, Fidesz ve Orbán’ın COVID-19’u, sağ popülist politikalarını derinleştirme doğrultusunda tarihi bir fırsat olarak gördüğüdür. Bu bağlamda çalışma, COVID-19 salgını döneminde siyasi ve idari gücünü artırmayı ülkenin bekası ‘zorunlu’ bir istikamet olarak gösteren Orbán’ın, pandemi süresince sağ popülist ideolojisinin pekiştirilmesi adına ortaya koyduğu politika setine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 krizini, Orbán Hükümetinin sağ popülist yönelimleri ve illiberal demokrasi anlayışı çerçevesinde değerlendirmek ve bu sürecin Macaristan Hükümetinin baskıcı eğilimlerini nasıl
güçlendirdiğini göstermektir.
Dilenciliği Yönetmek: 19. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Merkezinde Suç, Sapma ve Sosyal Kontrol Kavramları Bağlamında Dilencilik
Authors: Örki Hülya , Pulat Hayrettin
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma temel olarak 19. yüzyıl Osmanlı merkezinde dilencilik olgusunu sapma, suç ve sosyal kontrol kavramları çerçevesinde irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda kronolojik kesit olarak Osmanlıda dilencilikle ilgili düzenlemelerin arttığı bir dönem olan 19. yüzyıl tercih edilirken, çalışma mekânsal anlamda merkeze odaklanmıştır. Böylesi bir tercihte etkili olan temel faktör, dilencilikle ilgili resmî belgelerin 17. yüzyıl sonrasına dayanması ve 19. yüzyıla ait belgelerin daha fazla olması, bahsi geçen belgelerin büyük oranda merkeze odaklanmasıdır. Bu çalışmanın önemi, Osmanlıda dilencilik olgusunu suç, sapma ve sosyal kontrol kavramları çerçevesinde ele almasıdır. Yöntemsel açıdan örnek vaka incelemesine dayanan bu çalışma 19. yüzyıl Osmanlı merkezinde dilencilikle ilgili yayımlanan arşiv belgelerinin analizini temel almaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında seçilen kronolojik döneme ait 42 adet arşiv belgesi incelenmiş olup bu belgeler arasından seçilen 30 adet belge kullanılmıştır. İncelenen belgeler doğrultusunda, araştırma kapsamında Osmanlı merkezinde gerçek anlamda dilenciliğin bir suç olmadığı ancak 19. yüzyıl sonrasında dönüşen algıyla birlikte dilenciliğin toplumsal ve ahlaki bir sorun olarak görüldüğü ve engellenmesi yönünde çalışmalar yapıldığı, bu amaçla darülaceze kurumu kurularak dilencilerin buralara kapatıldıkları görülmüştür.
Balkan Savaşlarının Osmanlı Taşrasına Yansıması ve Etkisi: Diyarbakır Vilayeti Örneği
Authors: Asan Hakan
Published: December 2024

Osmanlı Devleti’ni birçok açıdan ve muhtelif noktalardan etkileyen Balkan savaşları, özellikle toplumu kültürel, ideolojik ve bölgesel bağlamda derinden yaralamıştır. Ayrıca söz konusu süreç, dağılma belirtilerinin netliği ile tanımlanabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte motivasyon, sosyal dayanışma ile teşkilatlanma açısından zıtlıkları da içermekte ve devletin geneline etki eden olaylar zincirini meydana getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada; söz konusu savaşların, Balkan coğrafyasının uzağındaki bir bölgede yer alan Diyarbakır Vilayeti’ne nasıl yansıdığı, bunun sonucunda etkisinin ne olduğu ve tepki mahiyetinde hangi tür faaliyetlerin yürütüldüğüne yönelik soruların cevapları aranmıştır. Özellikle Balkan savaşları çerçevesinde yerel yetkililerin üretmeye çalıştığı politikalar, ahalinin yaşananlara karşı bakış açısı ve bu gelişmelerin sonucundaki göç hareketleri, asayiş problemleri ile ekonomik durum değerlendirilmiştir. Bu hedefler doğrultusunda arşiv kaynakları ve merkezi ile yerel basın incelenmiştir. Ayrıca döneme ve konuya ilişkin literatürden de istifade edilmiştir.
Alevi-Bektaşi Kültüründe Kadının Yeri: Bulgaristan’da Tekkesi ve Türbesi Olan Kadın Bir Derviş Olarak Kızana ve Kızana Tekkesi Örneği
Authors: Karagöz Senem
Published: December 2024

Kızana Tekkesi on altıncı yüzyılda Eskicuma’da Sait Baba köyünde kurulmuştur. Tekkenin postuna oturduğu düşünülen ilk şeyhi Kızana adlı bir kadın derviştir, tekke ismini de buradan almıştır. Kızana hakkında bilgiler ilk olarak Demir Baba Velâyetnamesi’nde görülmektedir. Kızana; velayetnamede anlatıldığı üzere Demir Baba’nın babası Hacı Dede ve annesi Zahide Başu’nun düğününde gelinin sağdıcı konumundadır. Bu düğünde Kızana’ya El-Hac Dede ve Tursun Baba ile Kademli Baba tarafından hilat giydirilmiştir. Sözlü gelenekte Kızana hakkında anlatılan epey hikâye bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri Manisa’da yer alan Sarıkız ile benzer özellikler taşımaktadır. Anlatıların ortak noktası ermiş vasfındaki kadının zamanla halk arasında muteber bir yere gelmiş olması, halka hizmet etmeye başlamasıdır. Bu anlatıların hareket noktası ise Alevi-Bektaşi geleneğine dayandırılmaktadır. Alevi-Bektaşi geleneğinde kadının konumu ile örtüşen değerler Kızana’yı bir kadın derviş olarak tekkenin şeyhlik makamına getirmiş, tekkeye adını verdirtmiştir. Günümüzde hala varlığını koruyan tekkenin misafirlerinin olması, saygınlığını ve Alevi-Bektaşi geleneğinde yerini koruması bakımından önemlidir. Çalışma hazırlanırken arşiv belgelerinden hareketle geçmişten günümüze konumu ve hizmet alanı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Beş farklı fondan tedarik edilen belgeler tekkenin farklı özelliklerine dikkat çekmektedir. Kızana Tekkesi kuruluşu ve işlevi ile ortaya
konulduktan sonra sözlü gelenekteki yeri anlatılmıştır. Alevi-Bektaşi geleneğindeki kadının konumunu göstermesi ve Balkanlar’da erken bir tarihte kurulan tekkenin şeyhinin bir kadın olması bakımından önemlidir.
21 Kasım 1939 Tercan Depremi ve Etkileri
Authors: Tosun Ulvi Ufuk
Published: December 2024

Erzincan’a bağlı Tercan ilçesinde 21 Kasım 1939’da 5.9 şiddetinde bir deprem meydana gelmiştir. Bu depremde, birçok can kaybı, yaralanma ve önemli ölçüde maddi hasar oluşmuştur. Adı geçen deprem; Trabzon, Tokat, Elazığ ve Erzurum gibi illerde de hissedilmiştir. Tercan’ın Mans (Çayırlı) ve Karakulak (Otlukbeli) ile Erzincan’ın merkez kazasına bağlı Başköy nahiyelerinde büyük tahribat ve kayıplara yol açmıştır. Birçok ev yıkılırken önemli bir kısmı da oturulamaz hâle gelmiştir. Köylerde de çok ciddi hasarlar oluşmuştur. Başköy nahiyesinde 16, Mans nahiyesinde 4 ve Karakulak nahiyesinde de 13 köyde büyük bir yıkıma yol açmıştır. Tercan Depremi, aynı zamanda ciddi boyutlarda mali kayıplara neden olmuştur. Önemli ölçüde eşya, tohumluk ve yiyecek zayiatı ile sonuçlanmıştır. Bunun yanında çok sayıda hayvan telef olmuştur. Deprem bölgesinde afetzedelerin yaralarının sarılması için sorumluluk mevkiindeki devlet görevlileri ve Kızılay harekete geçerek yardım çalışmalarını başlatmıştır. Hafif yaralılar, olay mahallinde tedavi edilmiş, durumu ağır olanlar ise Erzincan Devlet Hastanesi’ne gönderilmiştir. Bölgeye para, iaşe ve çadır yardımı yapılmıştır. Bu iş için gerekli para ile birtakım araç gereç bölgeye ulaştırılmıştır. Depremin yaşandığı tarih, söz konusu bölgede kış koşullarının kendisini hissettirmeye başladığı bir takvime rastlamıştır. Bu sebeple mevsim dikkate alınıp, çadırda barınmanın zorluğu düşünülerek deprem sahasına geçici iskân için
zeminliklerin (kulübe/barınak) yapılması çalışmaları başlatılmıştır.
Bu çalışma, 27 Aralık 1939 Büyük Erzincan Depremi’nin gölgesinde kalan ve şimdiye kadar literatürde müstakil bir başlık altında ele alınmayan, dolayısıyla da pek fazla bilinmeyen 21 Kasım 1939 Tercan Depremi’nin sosyal ve ekonomik etkileri ile devletin depremzedelerin yaralarını sarmak için yürüttüğü faaliyetler hakkında bilgi vermeyi amaçlamıştır.