bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Voltage Power Line Physical Topology Recognition Method Based on Data Drive
Authors: Huang Fu , Lin Junhong , Zhang Daolu , Wu Dan
Published: June 2023

The current traditional low-voltage power line physical topology identification method mainly detects the line pulse signal to identify the line topology, leading to poor identification effects due to the lack of correlation analysis of node voltage. A data-driven low-voltage power line physical topology identification method is proposed in this regard. The correlation between the node timing voltages is analyzed by exploring the voltage law to determine the connection between low-voltage power lines. The node resistance values are also calculated to convert the physical topology identification problem into a linear equation problem. In the experiments, the proposed method is verified for identification accuracy. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the proposed method has a low root-mean-square error and better recognition accuracy when recognizing the physical topology of low-voltage power lines.
Reliability Analysis of Power System Considering Flexibility Resources
Authors: Zhang Yuqiong , Chen Ziwei , Zhou Jinghong , Zhao Qiang , Liu Shiyi , Kang Junjie
Published: June 2023

Flexible resources are a critical resource in ensuring the security and steady running of a large percentage of electricity systems that use new sources of energy. The power system’s flexible resources participate in power regulation, improving the power system capability to absorb new energy and also the electricity system’s reliability. This paper calculates the dependability index of electricity system using the basic calculation method of the equivalent energy function. By flexibly handling the new power generation curve’s adjustable capacity and flexible resources, new energy generation and flexible resources count toward equivalent energy calculation, and the dependability index of the electricity system is calculated. The efficacy of this approach is illustrated by an example.
Analysis of the Different Schemas of Regenerative Power-Hydrogen System
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Zhou Linggang , Zhong Lei , Gao Qiang , Lin Ruixiao
Published: June 2023

In the process of rapid development of renewable energy, the hydrogen system will have a strong coupling relationship with the power system through the electrolysis of water and other links. To study the coupling modes of these two systems and the role of different links in the system is of great significance for the future planning and development of the power-hydrogen system. The research applied the regional power-hydrogen system collaborative optimization planning model to a net energy-importing province and obtained the capacity configuration and operation mode optimization results of five regenerative power-hydrogen system schemas. The impacts of hydrogen import, electrolysis of water, and power generation using hydrogen in the system were analyzed by comparing the optimization results of the five system schemas. The research results show that the above three links are all necessary to achieve the lowest total system cost. Among them, appropriate hydrogen import can avoid the rapid increase of hydrogen storage costs after hydrogen production from water electrolysis exceeds a certain amount. The appropriate amount of hydrogen from water electrolysis by utilizing surplus renewable electricity can replace part of hydrogen import at a lower marginal cost. Proper power generation using hydrogen can reduce the cost of power sources and energy storage.
Design and implementation of integrated high-speed wireless EEG/ECoG acquisition system
Authors: Li Ruikai , Zhang Yixing , Fan Guangwei , Li Ziteng , Lou Cunguang , Liu Xiuling
Published: June 2023

With the development and application of Brain-Computer
Interface (BCI), the demand for the portability, transmission
performance, sampling rate, and number of channels of
electroencephalogram (EEG) acquisition devices is increasing. The
high-performance acquisition devices used in current research are
generally large in size which limit its application scenarios, while
portable high-performance acquisition devices have a limited
wireless transmission bandwidth. To tackle these issues, a
high-performance multichannel wireless EEG acquisition system was
designed, the acquisition device is powered independently by a
battery, controls the bioelectric acquisition chip through FPGA
(filed-programmable gate array) to achieve high-speed and stable
processing of EEG data, and transmits it in real-time via Wi-Fi to
the host computer for display and recording. Standard signal source
tests and Electrocorticography (ECoG) acquisition experiments
demonstrate that the system performed well with 64 channels and a
maximum sampling rate of 30 kHz within a distance of
10 meters. This design provides a new solution for neuroscience
research scenarios.
A lionfish-inspired predation strategy in planar structured environments
*
Authors: Thompson Anthony A , Peterson Ashley N , McHenry Matthew J , Paley Derek A
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates a pursuit-evasion game with a single pursuer and evader in a bounded environment, inspired by observations of predation attempts by lionfish (Pterois sp.). The pursuer tracks the evader with a pure pursuit strategy while using an additional bioinspired tactic to trap the evader, i.e. minimize the evader’s escape routes. Specifically, the pursuer employs symmetric appendages inspired by the large pectoral fins of lionfish, but this expansion increases its drag and therefore its work to capture the evader. The evader employs a bioinspired randomly-directed escape strategy to avoid capture and collisions with the boundary. Here we investigate the trade-off between minimizing the work to capture the evader and minimizing the evader’s escape routes. By using the pursuer’s expected work to capture as a cost function, we determine when the pursuer should expand its appendages as a function of the relative distance to the evader and the evader’s proximity to the boundary. Visualizing the pursuer’s expected work to capture everywhere in the bounded domain, yields additional insights about optimal pursuit trajectories and illustrates the role of the boundary in predator-prey interactions.
Central pattern generators evolved for real-time adaptation to rhythmic stimuli
Authors: Szorkovszky Alex , Veenstra Frank , Glette Kyrre
Published: June 2023

For a robot to be both autonomous and collaborative requires the ability to adapt its movement to a variety of external stimuli, whether these come from humans or other robots. Typically, legged robots have oscillation periods explicitly defined as a control parameter, limiting the adaptability of walking gaits. Here we demonstrate a virtual quadruped robot employing a bio-inspired central pattern generator (CPG) that can spontaneously synchronize its movement to a range of rhythmic stimuli. Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms were used to optimize the variation of movement speed and direction as a function of the brain stem drive and the centre of mass control respectively. This was followed by optimization of an additional layer of neurons that filters fluctuating inputs. As a result, a range of CPGs were able to adjust their gait pattern and/or frequency to match the input period. We show how this can be used to facilitate coordinated movement despite differences in morphology, as well as to learn new movement patterns.
Integrated assessment of the net carbon footprint of small hydropower plants
Authors: Gómez-Gener Lluís , Gubau Marina , von Schiller Daniel , Marcé Rafael , Obrador Biel
Published: June 2023

Global assessments evaluating greenhouse gas emissions and climate benefits of hydropower rely on life cycle assessments (LCAs). However, small hydropower plants (i.e. installations with less than 10 MW; SHPs), are largely underrepresented in such schemes, despite their widespread proliferation and well-known ecological concerns. Here we quantified, partitioned, and compared the net carbon (C) footprint of four temperate SHPs with different operation designs over a 100 year time horizon. In contrast with previous hydropower LCAs studies, we followed an integrative net C footprint approach accounting for all potential sources and sinks of C within the life cycle of the studied SHPs, including both biogenic and non-biogenic sources, as well as for the pre- and post-impoundment stages involved in the flooding of the reservoir. We found that the areal and system-level C emissions were mostly driven by the residence time of the impounded water, which in turn was linked to the SHP operation type. The power installed in the SHPs did not have a relevant role on the net C fluxes. Accordingly, SHPs with smaller water storage capacity were almost neutral in terms of the C footprint. In contrast, SHPs with water storage facilities prolonged the water residence time in the reservoir and either acted as a source or sink of C. The long water residence time in these SHPs promoted either emission of biogenic gases from the surface or C storage in the sediments. Our work shows that integrative net C footprint assessments accounting for different operation designs are necessary to improve our understanding of the environmental effects of SHPs.
Eroding resilience of deforestation interventions—evidence from Brazil’s lost decade
Authors: Kuschnig Nikolas , Vashold Lukas , C Soterroni Aline , Obersteiner Michael
Published: June 2023

Brazil once set the example for curtailing deforestation with command and control policies, but, in the last decade, these interventions have gone astray. Environmental research and policy today are largely informed by the earlier successes of deforestation interventions, but not their recent failures. Here, we investigate the resilience of deforestation interventions. We discuss how the recent trend reversal in Brazil came to be, and what its implications for the design of future policies are. We use newly compiled information on environmental fines in an econometric model to show that the enforcement of environmental policy has become ineffective in recent years. Our results add empirical evidence to earlier studies documenting the erosion of the institutions responsible for forest protection, and highlight the considerable deforestation impacts of this erosion. Future efforts for sustainable forest protection should be aimed at strengthening institutions, spreading responsibilities, and redistributing the common value of forests via incentive-based systems.
Changes in the SST-precipitation relationship over the Indo-Pacific warm pool under a warming climate
Authors: Kim Hye-Ryeom , Ha Kyung-Ja , Lau William K-M
Published: June 2023

The Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) is a region known for its strong atmospheric convection, which plays a key role in global climate. However, in recent decades, the IPWP has experienced human-induced warming, and it has been observed to have a non-linear relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation. Despite the rising SSTs, the increase in precipitation is limited until a specific SST, which is defined as saturation threshold SST (STT). The STT indicates a distinct transition before and after the STT, highlighting the non-linear response of precipitation to SST. Nevertheless, the impact of warmer climates on the SST-precipitation relationship and STT remains uncertain. To investigate future changes in this relationship, we analyzed a joint distribution of SST and precipitation using the historical data and three different Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). We examined the near future (2041–2060), and far future (2081–2100). Our findings reveal that the STT increases with the shift in mean state due to the involvement of atmospheric stratification. This increase is observed across all three scenarios in both future periods, with the SSP5-8.5 scenario exhibiting the most substantial rise during the far future. The warming climate leads to a more pronounced warming in the upper troposphere than the surface, resulting in tropospheric stabilization. This process contributes to the increase in STT through moist-adiabatic lapse rate adjustment. Additionally, the weakening of vertical motion constrains the increase in precipitation, despite the availability of abundant moisture. This study sheds light on the changing SST-precipitation relationship and provides a possible mechanism for the limited increase in precipitation. Therefore, this study offers a background for a better understanding of the non-monotonic response of precipitation to SST in the context of climate change.
Quenched complexity of equilibria for asymmetric generalized Lotka–Volterra equations
Authors: Ros Valentina , Roy Felix , Biroli Giulio , Bunin Guy
Published: June 2023

We consider the generalized Lotka–Volterra system of equations with all-to-all, random asymmetric interactions describing high-dimensional, very diverse and well-mixed ecosystems. We analyse the multiple equilibria phase of the model and compute its quenched complexity, i.e. the expected value of the logarithm of the number of equilibria of the dynamical equations. We discuss the resulting distribution of equilibria as a function of their diversity, stability and average abundance. We obtain the quenched complexity by means of the replicated Kac–Rice formalism, and compare the results with the same quantity obtained within the annealed approximation, as well as with the results of the cavity calculation and, in the limit of symmetric interactions, of standard methods to compute the complexity developed in the context of glasses.
2D Fluid Modeling of Light Pumped Na Containing Plasma to Develop a Prototype of a Photo Electromotive Force Converter
Authors: Mandour M M , Astashkevich S A , Kudryavtsev A A
Published: June 2023

The development of innovative technologies for direct solar energy conversion is one of the main trends of modernity. The use of solar semiconductor panels is well-known in solar photovoltaics. As an alternative to this, the use of gas photoplasma can be promising. However, research in this direction is still very fragmentary so far. This paper shows the results of a systematic study of photoplasma in mixtures of sodium and inert gases to obtain photo-EMF in a gas cell. A fluid modeling considering detailed plasma chemistry, radiation transfer, and charge diffusion processes and 2D simulation were fulfilled and main plasma parameters were obtained and analyzed. In particular, non-trivial dependence of EMF in a two-chamber gas cell containing sodium and argon on the pressure of the inert gas was obtained, reaching up to 1.3 eV by absolute value at 100 Torr of Ar and changing its sign near 5 Torr at the decrease of the pressure.
Practice of ecological remediation and restoration in plain river network -- a Case Study of Gehu Lake in Changzhou, China
Authors: Yu H L , Wang S Y , Cheng K Y , Huang S J , Lou Y F , Shentu H B , Wei J
Published: June 2023

This study provides a design diagram which involves a series of pragmatic strategies for ecological remediation and restoration of plain river networks in the Yangtze River Delta. The design diagram is composed of two stages: the first concerns the reduction of pollutants, including those from non-point sources, point sources, and river sediments; the second, the restoration of the biological habitat, including the riparian zone and aquatic habitat. A case study of Gehu Lake was used as an example for the implementation of the suggested design diagram, and further suggestions were provided for the improvement of remediation work in plain river network areas. This research provides valuable insights into the methods of ecological restoration, and demonstrates the potential for multidisciplinary collaboration to help improve the environmental health of plain river networks.
Scaffold-free human vascular calcification model using a bio-three-dimensional printer
Authors: Nagaishi Yukiko , Murata Daiki , Yoshizato Hiromu , Nonaka Toshihiro , Itoh Manabu , Hara Hideo , Nakayama Koichi
Published: June 2023

Morbidity and mortality rates associated with atherosclerosis-related diseases are increasing. Therefore, developing new research models is important in furthering our understanding of atherosclerosis and investigate novel treatments. Here, we designed novel vascular-like tubular tissues from multicellular spheroids composed of human aortic smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts using a bio-3D printer. We also evaluated their potential as a research model for Mönckeberg’s medial calcific sclerosis. The tubular tissues were sufficiently strong to be handled 1 week after printing and could still be cultured for 3 weeks. Histological assessment showed that calcified areas appeared in the tubular tissues within 1 week after culture in a medium containing inorganic phosphate (Pi) or calcium chloride as the calcification-stimulating factors. Calcium deposition was confirmed using micro-computed tomography imaging. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression of osteogenic transcription factors increased in calcified tubular tissues. Furthermore, the administration of Pi and rosuvastatin enhanced tissue calcification. The bio-3D printed vascular-like tubular structures, which are composed of human-derived cells, can serve as a novel research model for Mönckeberg’s medial calcific sclerosis.
SOLPS-ITER drift modeling of neon impurity seeded plasmas in EAST with favorable and unfavorable toroidal magnetic field direction
Authors: WANG Fuqiong , LIANG Yunfeng , XU Yingfeng , ZHA Xuejun , ZHONG Fangchuan , MAO Songtao , DUAN Yanmin , HU Liqun
Published: June 2023

To better understand divertor detachment and asymmetry in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), drift modeling via the comprehensive edge plasma code SOLPS-ITER of neon impurity seeded plasmas in favorable/unfavorable toroidal magnetic field (B
T) has been performed. Firstly, electrostatic potential/field (

ϕ

/E) distribution has been analyzed, to make sure that

ϕ

and E are correctly described and to better understand drift-driven processes. After that, drift effects on divertor detachment and asymmetry have been focused on. In accordance with the corresponding experimental observations, simulation results demonstrate that in favorable B
T the onset of detachment is highly asymmetric between the inner and outer divertors; and reversing B
T can significantly decrease the magnitude of in-out asymmetry in the onset of detachment, physics reasons for which have been explored. It is found that, apart from the well-known
E
 × 
B
drift particle flow from one divertor to the other through the private flux region, scrape-off layer (SOL) heat flow, which is much more asymmetrically distributed between the high field side and low field side for favorable B
T than that for unfavorable B
T, is also a critical parameter affecting divertor detachment and asymmetry. During detachment, upstream pressure (P
u) reduction occurs and tends to be more dramatical in the colder side than that in the hotter side. The convective SOL heat flow, emerging due to in-out asymmetry in P
u reduction, is found to be critical for understanding divertor detachment and asymmetry observed in EAST. To better understand the calculated drastic power radiation in the core and upstream SOL, drift effects on divertor leakage/retention of neon in EAST with both B
T directions have been addressed for the first time, by analyzing profile of poloidal neon velocity and that of neon ionization source from atoms. This work can be a reference for future numeric simulations performed more closely related to experimental regimes.
Estimating aging sensitivity of bitumen using FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate evaluation
Authors: Weigel Sandra
Published: June 2023

In this work, a methodology based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and multivariate evaluation is presented to estimate the aging sensitivity of bitumen based on the unaged samples and thus without the need for time- and material-consuming aging simulations. For this purpose, factor analysis and linear discriminant analysis are used to develop a statistical model based on the FTIR spectra of unaged bitumen samples, which can be used fast and simple in everyday laboratory work and allows to assign the bitumen to a low, moderate, or strong aging sensitivity. The evaluation of the aging sensitivity is based on the complex shear modulus |G*| and the phase angle δ from the measurement with a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), whose aging-related changes were captured as the slope in the Black diagram. A relevant influence on the classification concerning the aging sensitivity has the oxygen-containing compounds (sulfoxide, hydroxyl and partly carbonyl compounds), whereby lower contents and thus less preaged bitumen tend to have a stronger aging sensitivity. However, in addition to the oxygen-containing compounds, the structure of the aliphatic and aromatic compounds and, in particular, the interaction of the different structures are decisive for the aging sensitivity.
Scaling of nuclear numbers and their spatial arrangement in skeletal muscle cell size regulation
Authors: Hansson Kenth-Arne , Eftestøl Einar
Published: June 2023

Many cells display considerable functional plasticity and depend on the regulation of numerous organelles and macromolecules for their maintenance. In large cells, organelles also need to be carefully distributed to supply the cell with essential resources and regulate intracellular activities. Having multiple copies of the largest eukaryotic organelle, the nucleus, epitomizes the importance of scaling gene products to large cytoplasmic volumes in skeletal muscle fibers. Scaling of intracellular constituents within mammalian muscle fibers is, however, poorly understood, but according to the myonuclear domain hypothesis, a single nucleus supports a finite amount of cytoplasm and is thus postulated to act autonomously, causing the nuclear number to be commensurate with fiber volume. In addition, the orderly peripheral distribution of myonuclei is a hallmark of normal cell physiology, as nuclear mispositioning is associated with impaired muscle function. Because underlying structures of complex cell behaviors are commonly formalized by scaling laws and thus emphasize emerging principles of size regulation, the work presented herein offers more of a unified conceptual platform based on principles from physics, chemistry, geometry, and biology to explore cell size–dependent correlations of the largest mammalian cell by means of scaling.
Advanced Preservation Rhinoplasty in the Era of Osteoplasty and Chondroplasty: How Have We Moved Beyond the Cottle Technique?
Authors: Ferreira Miguel Gonçalves , Toriumi Dean M , Stubenitsky Bart , Kosins Aaron M
Published: June 2023

Background

Over the last 10 years, many new papers on innovative strategies from different surgeons worldwide have elevated the philosophy of preservation rhinoplasty (PR) to a different level: advanced preservation rhinoplasty.

Objectives

The goal of this article was to illustrate how 4 experienced surgeons approach important anatomical and functional issues related to PR.

Methods

M.G.F., A.M.K., B.S., and D.M.T. were asked about how they approach classical problems and relative contraindications for dorsal PR with different modern advanced preservation rhinoplasty techniques.

Results

The answers of each surgeon make clear a new reality in dorsal PR that did not exist in the recent past. These advances in dorsal PR techniques are due to many surgeons’ contributions, leading this practice to a different level: advanced preservation rhinoplasty.

Conclusions

Dorsal preservation is making a dramatic resurgence and is fueled by the many very talented surgeons who are demonstrating outstanding outcomes with preservation techniques. The authors believe that this trend will continue, and a mutual collaboration between structuralists and preservationists going forward will continue to advance rhinoplasty as a specialty.
Single fathers sacrifice their broods and re-mate quickly in a socially monogamous cichlid
Authors: Zimmermann Holger , Sefc Kristina M , Bose Aneesh P H
Published: June 2023

When one of two parents disappears in the midst of caring for offspring, the remaining parent is left with several options. They can either (1) desert the brood, (2) continue caring on their own and reject propositions from new potential partners, or (3) continue caring but remain receptive to re-mating opportunities. The presence of a brood may increase re-mating success of single parents, either because brood care is perceived as a signal of partner quality, or because prospective mates perceive the brood as potential energy source. In this field experiment, we used the socially monogamous, biparental cichlid fish Variabilichromis moorii to examine the re-mating strategy of males with or without dependent offspring after the loss of their female partner. Partner vacancies were filled quickly by new females, and these females engaged in high levels of affiliative behavior with the males. The new females engaged in territorial defense, but focused primarily against intruding conspecifics, likely as a means to repel rivals. The males, in turn, took over the majority of territorial defense against intruding heterospecifics. Interestingly, males that still had offspring from their previous partnerships did not show aggression toward their new female partners, even when those females were infanticidal and cannibalizing the males’ current offspring. Overall, our experiment shows that single fathers of a biparental species will re-mate quickly even at the detriment to their current offspring.
O-Fucosylation of BMP1 promotes endometrial decidualization by activating BMP/Smad signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Yu , Liang Juan , Chen Siyi , Zhang Aihui , Li Yaqi , Liu Shuai , Yan Qiu
Published: June 2023

Endometrial decidualization is critical to successful uterine receptivity and embryo implantation. Dysfunction of decidualization is associated with some pregnancy-related disorders, including miscarriage. Protein glycosylation is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (poFUT1) is a key enzyme responsible for O-fucosylation biosynthesis on glycoproteins. Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) is an essential glycoprotein in reproduction. However, the role and molecular mechanism of fucosylated BMP1 in endometrial stromal cell decidualization are still unknown. In the current study, we found that BMP1 contains a potential O-fucosylation site. Moreover, poFUT1 and BMP1 levels in the secretory phase are higher than those in the proliferative phase, and the highest level was observed in the human uterine tissues of early pregnancy, while a decrease of poFUT1 and BMP1 in the decidua was observed in miscarriage patients. Using human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs), we demonstrated that O-fucosylation of BMP1 was elevated after induced decidualization. Moreover, the increase of BMP1 O-fucosylation by poFUT1 promoted BMP1 secretion to the extracellular matrix, and more actively binds to CHRD. The binding of BMP1 and CHRD further released BMP4 originally bound to CHRD, and activated BMP/Smad signaling pathway, thereby accelerating the decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. In summary, these results suggest that BMP1 O-fucosylation by poFUT1 could be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target to predict miscarriage in early pregnancy examinations.
Responding Wisely to Persistent Pain: Insights from Patristic Theology and Clinical Experience
Authors: Curlin Farr A
Published: June 2023

For most of the past generation, clinicians have been taught to treat patients' pain until the patient says it is relieved. The opioid crisis has forced both clinicians and patients to reconsider that approach. This essay considers how Christians in particular might assume and seek to overcome their experiences of persistent pain. Wise and faithful responses to pain, especially chronic pain, can take their bearings from how early Christians made sense of the place of both medicine and suffering in a faithful life. This results in not asking medicine to resolve persistent pain, especially not through the use of opioids. Resisting the impulse to medicalize chronic pain will require patience on the part of those who suffer, and both patience and fortitude on the part of the clinicians to whom they present.
Expanded Multivariable Models to Assist Patient Selection for Long-Acting Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine Treatment: Clinical Utility of a Combination of Patient, Drug Concentration, and Viral Factors Associated With Virologic Failure
Authors: Orkin Chloe , Schapiro Jonathan M , Perno Carlo F , Kuritzkes Daniel R , Patel Parul , DeMoor Rebecca , Dorey David , Wang Yongwei , Han Kelong , Van Eygen Veerle , Crauwels Herta , Ford Susan L , Latham Christine L , St. Clair Marty , Polli Joseph W , Vanveggel Simon , Vandermeulen Kati , D’Amico Ronald , Garges Harmony P , Zolopa Andrew , Spreen William R , van Wyk Jean , Cutrell Amy G
Published: June 2023

Background

Previously reported post hoc multivariable analyses exploring predictors of confirmed virologic failure (CVF) with cabotegravir + rilpivirine long-acting (CAB + RPV LA) were expanded to include data beyond week 48, additional covariates, and additional participants.

Methods

Pooled data from 1651 participants were used to explore dosing regimen (every 4 or every 8 weeks), demographic, viral, and pharmacokinetic covariates as potential predictors of CVF. Prior dosing regimen experience was accounted for using 2 populations. Two models were conducted in each population—baseline factor analyses exploring factors known at baseline and multivariable analyses exploring baseline factors plus postbaseline model-predicted CAB/RPV trough concentrations (4 and 44 weeks postinjection). Retained factors were evaluated to understand their contribution to CVF (alone or in combination).

Results

Overall, 1.4% (n = 23/1651) of participants had CVF through 152 weeks. The presence of RPV resistance-associated mutations, human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype A6/A1, and body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 were associated with an increased risk of CVF (P < .05 adjusted incidence rate ratio), with participants with ≥2 of these baseline factors having a higher risk of CVF. Lower model-predicted CAB/RPV troughs were additional factors retained for multivariable analyses.

Conclusions

The presence of ≥2 baseline factors (RPV resistance-associated mutations, A6/A1 subtype, and/or body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) was associated with increased CVF risk, consistent with prior analyses. Inclusion of initial model-predicted CAB/RPV trough concentrations (≤first quartile) did not improve the prediction of CVF beyond the presence of a combination of ≥2 baseline factors, reinforcing the clinical utility of the baseline factors in the appropriate use of CAB + RPV LA.
Geographical evolutionary political economy: linking local evolution with uneven and combined development
Authors: Essletzbichler Jürgen , Scholz-Wäckerle Manuel , Gerdes Lena , Wieland Hans-Peter , Dorninger Christian
Published: June 2023

This contribution argues that evolutionary economic geography needs to widen its conceptual apparatus in order to engage with the grand challenges of our times. Instead of understanding evolution as a gradual, path-dependent and geographically localized process, the current challenges result from various global political-economic transformations requiring an understanding of evolution as a outcome of variational and transformational change, the incorporation of macro-scale analysis, the augmentation of territorial with relational conceptualizations of space and a focus on historical analysis of political-economic development rather than ahistorical descriptions of regional outcomes of a generalized evolutionary process. We illustrate the potential impact of globalization on the competitive advantage of US metropolitan areas through an analysis of relations of unequal exchange between the USA and the Global South. The estimated value drain constitutes a potential source of revenue for producers in the North that complements the competitive advantages of cities based on superior localized technological performance.
Upper thermal limits of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) pupae and pteromalid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) inside fly puparia
Authors: Yee Wee L
Published: June 2023

Determining upper thermal limits of tephritid fly pupae can have practical implications for disinfesting soils and for predicting differential impacts of global warming on flies and their parasites. Here, upper thermal limits of Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae) pupae and pteromalid wasps (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) inside puparia were determined. Puparia receiving sufficient chill to terminate pupal diapause were exposed to temperatures ramped linearly over 6 h from 21 °C to 47.8, 49.4, 51.1, 55.0, or 60.0 °C for a 0-h hold time. Flies eclosed when pupae were exposed to 47.8 °C but not to 49.4, 51.1, 55.0, or 60.0 °C nor in a separate test to 47.8 °C for 1–3 h hold times. All fly pupae in treatments where no eclosion occurred were dead based on puparial dissections. In contrast, adult wasps eclosed when puparia were exposed to 49.4 and 51.1 °C for 0 h and to 47.8 °C for 1- and 2-h hold times. Despite the greater upper thermal limits of wasps, heat delayed eclosion times of both adult flies and wasps, in 47.8 and 51.1 °C treatments, respectively. In separate tests, longevity of flies exposed as pupae to 47.3–48.6 °C was greater than of control flies, while longevity of control wasps and wasps exposed as immatures to 47.8–51.1 °C did not differ. Flies exposed as pupae to 47.2–48.6 °C produced as many eggs and puparia as control flies. Results suggest heat could be used to disinfest soils of puparia while sparing parasitoids. In addition, extreme heat waves due to global warming might be more detrimental to fly pupae than immature wasps.
Comparison of phenprocoumon with direct oral anticoagulants in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Gjermeni Diona , Saglam Nertila Poci , Olivier Christoph B , Kühlkamp Volker
Published: June 2023

Aims

In patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are as effective and safe as the vitamin K antagonist (VKA) warfarin. Phenprocoumon has a different pharmacokinetic profile compared with warfarin and is the most used VKA in Germany. The aim of the study was to compare DOAC with phenprocoumon.

Methods and results

In this retrospective single-centre cohort study, 1735 patients who underwent 2219 consecutive catheter ablations for AF between January 2011 and May 2017 were included. All patients were in-hospital for at least 48 h after catheter ablation. The primary outcome was defined as peri-procedural thrombo-embolic events. The secondary outcome was any bleeding according to the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH). The mean age of the patients was 63.3 years. Phenprocoumon was prescribed in 929 (42%) of the cases, and in 697 (31%) dabigatran, 399 (18%) rivaroxaban, and 194 (9%) apixaban. During hospitalization, 37 (1.6%) thrombo-embolic events occurred, including 23 transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs). Compared with the use of phenoprocoumon, the use of DOAC was significantly associated with a lower thrombo-embolic risk [16 (1.2%) vs. 21 (2.2%), odds ratio (OR)], 0.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2–0.9], P = 0.04. No statistically significant association with bleeding risk was observed [phenprocomoun: 122 (13%); DOAC: 163 (12.6%); OR 0.9 (95% CI 0.7–1.2); P = 0.70]. Interruption of oral anticoagulation (OAC) was associated with an increased risk for thrombo-embolic complications [OR 2.2 (1.1–4.3); P = 0.031], and bleeding [OR 2.5 (95% CI 1.8–3.2), P = 0.001].

Conclusion

In patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF, the use of DOAC was associated with a reduced risk of thrombo-embolic events compared with phenprocoumon. Non-interrupted oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy was associated with a reduced risk of peri-procedural thrombo-embolic and any bleeding complications.
A holistic view of innovation incentives and pharmaceutical policy reform
Authors: Sachs Rachel , Adler Loren , Frank Richard
Published: June 2023

The Inflation Reduction Act is set to transform how Medicare pays for prescription drugs, most notably by enabling Medicare to negotiate for the prices of certain high-cost medications. The pharmaceutical industry argues it will drastically reduce innovation, but a full analysis of its impacts on innovation requires considering not merely the number of new drugs produced but their clinical value. Several features of the negotiation process aim to minimize its impacts on innovation, particularly for drugs with high clinical value. The Biden Administration has also implemented several policies alongside the Inflation Reduction Act, such as the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health and a National Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Initiative, that are designed to reward and promote clinically valuable innovation. Taken together, these policies should go a long way toward mitigating any negative impacts on new drug development and may even better promote the development of higher-value drugs.
A race to net zero—early lessons from healthcare's decarbonization marathon
Authors: Lakatos Kyle , Teherani Arianne , Thottathil Sapna E , Gandhi Seema , Weiser Sheri D , Brindis Claire D
Published: June 2023

Climate change poses a threat to healthcare systems; at the same time, healthcare systems contribute to a worsening climate. Climate-induced disasters are predicted to increase both the demand for healthcare services while also posing a threat to the integrity of healthcare systems' infrastructures and supply chains. Many healthcare organizations have taken initiatives to prepare for such disasters through implementing carbon emission–reduction practices and infrastructure reinforcement, through globally recognized frameworks and strategies known as Scopes 1, 2, and 3, and decarbonization. We explored the efforts of these early adopters to understand how they are thinking about and addressing climate change's impacts on healthcare. Through a process of reviewing the peer-reviewed literature, publicly available published documents, annual sustainability reports, conference presentations, and participation in a national decarbonization collaborative, we (1) provide a diverse set of examples showcasing the variety of ways healthcare systems are responding; (2) identify a set of emergent key themes to implementing decarbonization practices, such as the role of an organizational culture of iterative improvement and building systems of cross-organizational collaboration; and (3) synthesize the identifiable set of driving factors for long-term sustainability of these decarbonization efforts.
Older adults’ and service providers’ experiences of a settings-based health promotion initiative in English football
Authors: Jackman Patricia C , Lane Aoife , Allen-Collinson Jacquelyn , Henderson Hannah
Published: June 2023

The study was undertaken to explore the experiences of older adults and service providers in a settings-based health promotion initiative in a football club. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 older adults attending an ‘Extra Time Hub’ (ETH) and two staff delivering the initiative. Our reflexive thematic analysis generated six themes. Findings revealed the brand of the sports club attracted some to join the ETH, but through partnerships with local agencies, the initiative was also successful in widening participation beyond older adults with an interest in football. Participants perceived that the ETH was beneficial for their mental health, helped them develop social connections, and promoted positive physical activity experiences. Moreover, the variety of pleasures derived from participation were also discussed. Our findings also illustrate the central role of staff in older adults’ experiences of this form of health promotion. Overall, this study contributes to understandings of settings-based health promotion activities in sports clubs, and also demonstrates the potential for sports clubs to widen engagement with the local community through health promotion for older adults.
Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy is not related to adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies
Authors: Cozzolino Mauro , Cecchino Gustavo Nardini , Garcia Velasco Juan Antonio , Pellicer Nuria , Galliano Daniela , Pellicer Antonio
Published: June 2023

STUDY QUESTION

What is the potential impact of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) on obstetric and neonatal outcomes?

SUMMARY ANSWER

PGT-A is not associated with increased rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies following IVF/ICSI cycles.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY

PGT-A pregnancies may be associated with increased risks of lower birthweight, preterm delivery, and hypertensive disorders compared with natural pregnancies. In a recent meta-analysis, the overall obstetric and neonatal outcomes of PGT-A pregnancies were favorable compared with those of IVF/ICSI pregnancies, although PGT-A pregnancies were associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION

A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed in University-affiliated infertility centers. Single live births following IVF/ICSI between October 2016 and January 2021 were included in the study.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS

A total of 7146 live births after single embryo transfers with (n = 3296) or without (n = 3850) PGT-A were included. The primary outcome was pre-eclampsia and secondary outcomes included gestational diabetes, low birthweight and very low birthweight, cesarean section delivery, emergency cesarean section, as well as preterm birth, birthweight, congenital abnormalities, neonatal sex, Apgar score at 5 min, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. In a subgroup analysis, were included only blastocysts screened with next-generation sequencing (NGS).

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE

Univariate analysis showed that pre-eclampsia, cesarean section incidence, and low Apgar score were higher in women undergoing PGT-A. However, after performing multivariate logistic and linear regression models accounting for many possible confounders, pregnancies that had been conceived after embryo biopsy showed no increase in adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. The subgroup analysis including patients with blastocysts screened by NGS showed a decreased risk of preterm birth in the group undergoing PGT-A.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION

Caution should be used when interpreting the data because of its limitations, mainly related to its retrospective design. Although this is a large multicenter study, data acquisition included self-reporting questionnaires, and the deliveries occurred in different institutions with distinct protocols.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS

The current study does not show any major adverse clinical outcomes after PGT-A. Efforts should be made to promote good quality research on embryo biopsy in terms of neonatal and obstetric outcomes, as well as its long-term consequences.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)

No specific funding was obtained for this study. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

N/A.
It Pays to Be Bumpy: Drag Reducing Armor in the Pacific Spiny Lumpsucker, Eumicrotremus orbis
Authors: Hoover R C , Hawkins Olivia H , Rosen Jack , Wilson Conrad D , Crawford Callie H , Holst Meghan M , Huie Jonathan M , Summers Adam P , Donatelli Cassandra M , Cohen Karly E
Published: June 2023

Synopsis

Armor is a multipurpose set of structures that has evolved independently at least 30 times in fishes. In addition to providing protection, armor can manipulate flow, increase camouflage, and be sexually dimorphic. There are potential tradeoffs in armor function: increased impact resistance may come at the cost of maneuvering ability; and ornate armor may offer visual or protective advantages, but could incur excess drag. Pacific spiny lumpsuckers (Eumicrotremus orbis) are covered in rows of odontic, cone-shaped armor whorls, protecting the fish from wave driven impacts and the threat of predation. We are interested in measuring the effects of lumpsucker armor on the hydrodynamic forces on the fish. Bigger lumpsuckers have larger and more complex armor, which may incur a greater hydrodynamic cost. In addition to their protective armor, lumpsuckers have evolved a ventral adhesive disc, allowing them to remain stationary in their environment. We hypothesize a tradeoff between the armor and adhesion: little fish prioritize suction, while big fish prioritize protection. Using micro-CT, we compared armor volume to disc area over lumpsucker development and built 3D models to measure changes in drag over ontogeny. We found that drag and drag coefficients decrease with greater armor coverage and vary consistently with orientation. Adhesive disc area is isometric but safety factor increases with size, allowing larger fish to remain attached in higher flows than smaller fish.
New Insights into the Roles of p53 in Central Nervous System Diseases
Authors: Li Haili , Zhang Ze , Li Huixin , Pan Xinyu , Wang Yue
Published: June 2023

The transcription factor p53, a widely accepted tumor suppressor, regulates the expression of many oncogenes and their downstream signaling pathways, resulting in a series of biological outcomes. Mutations and deletions of the p53 gene often occur in tumor tissues and are involved in their development. In addition to its role in tumors, p53 has a widespread expression in the brain and participates in most cell processes, such as dendrite formation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, DNA repair, and cell cycle arrest. Therefore, abnormalities in p53 and its related signaling pathways play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system diseases. This review mainly discusses the latest findings regarding the role of p53 in some central nervous system diseases, such as brain tumors, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, autism, epilepsy, spinocerebellar ataxia, and so on, to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the treatment of neurological diseases from a new perspective.
RethinkingDiasporain the American Hindu Landscape: The Translocal Śaktiscape of the Hindu Goddess in Pontiac, Michigan
Authors: Pintchman Tracy
Published: June 2023

The omnipresence of the diaspora frame in naming forms of Hinduism that arise and perdure outside of India often functions to erase the uniqueness and creativity that mark many Hindu and Hindu-influenced spaces, communities, and practices worldwide. This article aims to interrogate and unsettle the ubiquitous deployment of the term diaspora, drawing on the author’s experience with one particular Hindu community. The article suggests a need for more nuanced and layered frames of analysis in thinking about not just this community, but also a broad range of Hindu practices and institutions that exist worldwide. Many Hindu institutions and forms of practice that emerge outside of India are not just iterative but also deeply creative, existing in dynamic tension with both Indian Hindu traditions and the non-Indian worlds in which they are suspended. This article calls us to push our understanding of the complexities and diversities of diaspora Hinduism by invoking more layered and complex frames of analysis and interpretation beyond the diaspora frame.