bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SASTERA NASIONAL: ANTARA SASTERA INGGERIS DAN SASTERA MELAYU
[NATIONAL LITERATURE: BETWEEN THE ENGLISH LITERATURE AND MALAY LITERATURE]
Authors: Ismail Hashim
Published: June 2018

Malay literature is hoped to unite the multi-racial Malaysian through the use of Malay Language which is the national language of the country. However, the recognition of Malay literature as national literature is not free from criticsm. This national identity began to be contested with the arrival of postmodernism. This qualitative research employed descriptive and comparative methods to provide insights into the importance of having national literature that is written in Malay language. This paper also discusses whether literature written in English should be recognized as the national literature since the language emerges as the global language used by people from different backgrounds. The main data sources are the views of two national poets -Muhmamad Haji Salleh and Wong Phui Nam - which were critically compared and synthesized. This paper concludes that Malay literature should remain as national literature whilst literature written in other languages should be allowed to flourish in their own unique ways. Keywords: National literature, Malaysian literature, sectional literature, Malay literature, contemporary Malay literatureCite as: Ismail, H. (2017). Sastera nasional: Antara sastera Inggeris dan sastera Melayu [National literature: Between the English literature and Malay literature]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 178-187. AbstrakSastera Melayu sebagai sastera yang menyatukan semua kaum sama ada kaum bumiputera atau bukan bumiputera adalah sudah jelas, namun pandangan untuk mencabar kedudukan sastera Melayu sebagai sastera kebangsaan sentiasa muncul dalam bentuk polemik. Setelah globalisasi menjadi satu bentuk perubahan pemikiran pascamoden, persoalan berteraskan satu kaum dipertikaikan atau mula disemak kembali. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah deskripsi dan perbandingan untuk membincangkan kepentingan penggunaan Bahasa Melayu dalam sastera kebangsaan.  Kajian ini juga membincangkan sama ada kita wajar menerima sastera berbahasa Inggeris yang dipandang oleh setengah pihak sebagai bahasa penyatuan baharu dunia sastera. Sumber data utama adalah hujah-hujah yang dilontarkan oleh dua orang ahli sastera negara iaitu Muhmamad Haji Salleh dan Wong Phui Nam. Kajian ini menegaskan bahawa Sastera Melayu perlu kekal sebagai sastera kebangsaan manakalan sastera bukan berbahasa Melayu boleh berkembang dengan sendirinya mengikut acuan masing-masing.Kata Kunci: Sastera kebangsaan, sastera Malaysia, sastera etnik, sastera Melayu, sastera Melayu mutakhir
HELICOPTERS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF WAR DURING THE MALAYAN EMERGENCY 1948-1960
Authors: Sulaiman Nor Ibrahim
Published: June 2018

Helicopter as an instrument of war in counter insurgency warfare in Malaysia had its origin during the Malayan emergency 1948-1960. Three helicopters, the Dragonfly, made an entry into Malaya in March 1950 at the request of the Commander-in-Chiefs Committee of the Far East Land Forces on 8 March 1949. The primary role of these helicopters then was for casualty evacuation of wounded troops sustained during operations against the communist terrorists (CTs). Their ability to operate from unprepared areas expanded their roles as an ideal platform for air mobility of troops, supplies, and search and rescue. The flexibility of transporting the troops made the CTs no longer invincible in their own safe havens. More importantly, the morale of the troops was kept high knowing that they would be evacuated fast for medical treatment in the event they were wounded. This article discusses the roles of helicopter during the Malayan emergency. Most of the references are records from the Royal Air Force (RAF), books, and online information. This paper highlights the contributions of helicopters towards the successful ending of the emergency. Keywords: Counter insurgency, Commander-in-Chief of Far East Land Forces, communist terrorists, Malayan emergency, Royal Air Force helicopter squadronsCite as: Sulaiman, N.I. (2017). Helicopters as an instrument of war during the Malayan emergency 1948-1960. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 188-197.
NIGERIAN POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE AND PERCEIVED COMPETENCE IN USING ICT RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH PURPOSE
Authors: Bichi Ado Abdu , Embong Rahimah , Ab. Rashid Radzuwan
Published: June 2018

The study aims to investigate the attitudes of Nigerian postgraduate students towards information and communication technology (ICT) and their perceived competence in using ICT resources for research purpose. The influence of field of studies on their competence and attitude were also examined. A total of 77 Nigerian postgraduate students at a university in Malaysia were randomly selected for the study. Data collected through questionnaires were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistic approaches. The analysis reveals that majority of the postgraduate students have positive attitude towards ICT and they perceive that they are competent in using several basic ICT tools. There is no significant difference between science and non-science based postgraduate students’ attitudes, however, there is significant difference in their perceived competence. This paper concludes that the postgraduate students require more hands-on experiences and special training programs so that they can maximize the use of ICT for research purpose. It is hoped that the findings revealed in this study will help the policy makers in designing necessary courses to improve the quality of postgraduates in the country.Keywords: Information and communication technology, Malaysia, Nigerian student, postgraduate, students’ attitudeCite as: Bichi, A.A., Embong, R., & Rashid, R.A. (2017). Nigerian postgraduate students’ attitude and perceived competence in using ICT resources for research purpose. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 224-230.
SELF-EFFICACY, SCIENTIFIC REASONING, AND LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN THE STEM PROJECT-BASED LEARNING LITERATURE
Authors: Jamali Seyedh Mahboobeh , Md Zain Ahmad Nurulazam , Samsudin Mohd Ali , Ale Ebrahim Nader
Published: June 2018

The main goal of education is to prepare students for future job opportunities and civic responsibilities, and this is one of the biggest challenges in the 21st century. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Project-Based Learning (PjBL) prepare students to master their new role as a global citizen with greater responsibilities. This systematic review analyzed 265 papers that are related to the STEM PjBL. The papers were collected from well-known databases such as Web of Science® and SCOPUS by using the quality assessment and relevant criteria. This study inspected the top 48 distinguished papers by covering three dimensions, Search result, Subject, and Research methodology. STEM and PjBL come together, due to the natural overlap between the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and PjBL. The fully integrated STEM with PjBL can increase the effectiveness of teaching. Nonetheless, this inspection uncovered that previous research has not fully integrated STEM with PjBL. Thus, despite the wealth of existing research, there are still significant opportunities for future research on STEM PjBL in high schools to prepare students for 21st century challenges.Keywords: Enhanced teaching and learning, 21st century skills, project-based learning STEM, systematic literature reviewsCite as: Jamali, S.M., Md Zain, A.N., Samsudin, M.A., & Ebrahim, N.A. (2017). Self-efficacy, scientific reasoning, and learning achievement in the STEM project-based learning literature. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 29-43.
THE CONCEPT OF PANGAWINAN IN THE MUSIC PERFORMANCE OF TALEMPONG RENJEANG ANAM SALABUHANIN LUHAK NAN TIGO MINANGKABAU
Authors: Sastra Andar Indra , Anwar Od.M. , Ibrahim Mohd Nazir
Published: June 2018

This article discusses the concept of Pangawinan in the performance of talempong Renjeang Anam Salabuhan in Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau. As a concept, there are two different understandings of pangawinan, namely: (1) pangawinan with a small ‘p’, which is the philosophical basis for the formation of a pair of talempong as a musical system – implemented through the methods lipek duo and dipatukakan (doubling and interchanging); (2) Pangawinan with a capital ‘P’, which is used to refer to a pair of talempong, Pangawinan – Paningkah duo. As a musical system, talempong renjeang consists of three pairs of talempong instruments, known as the talempong Jantan, talempong Paningkah or Paningkah Satu, and talempong Pangawinan or Paningkah Duo. This research employed a theoretical concept based on the philosophy tali tigo sapilin, tungku nan tigo sajarangan – a three-way pattern; a trilogy of reasoning in the Minangkabau community. The formation of the three-way pattern begins with a two-way or bipolar pattern, and the third position emerges as a counterbalance to create harmony. The main data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentations. The findings show that the concept of pangawinan in the performance of talempong renjeang anam salabuhan functions to provide a certainty in the creation of the talempong melody (guguah) in order to achieve raso batalun (aesthetical pleasure).Keywords: Indonesia, Luhak Nan Tigo, Minangkabau, pangawinan, talempong renjeang anam salabuhanCite as: Sastra, A.I., Anwar, Od.M.  Ibrahim, M.N. (2017). The concept of Pangawinan in the music performance of Talempong Renjeang Anam Salabuhanin Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 333-347.
WHEN SCIENCE BECOMES AN APPROACH IN EARLY LEARNING: KNOW IT, UNDERSTAND IT AND DO IT!
Authors: , Qonita , Syaodih Ernawulan , Mulyana Edi Hendri
Published: June 2018

This review paper aims to explain and reinforce the view of how to teach science in early childhood education. Cuurrently, the need and interest of the community towards science are quite high. Science provides many contributions to various aspects of life including aspects of child development. Essentially, science is the process of discovering new knowledge through empirical experience. Science learning for children begins when the child shows interest and curiosity to the world around them. Science can be used as an approach by involving three components that is content, process, and attitudes that are holistically packaged and integrated into a series of learning processes and daily life of children because science can bedone almost in all activities. However, educators still understand science partially, they regard science as a branch of science that only focuses on mastering the concept of theory, whereas science includes how to work, to think, and to solve problems. Through a learning approach developed from a science process approach, children are encouraged to actively observe, question, collect information, reason, and communicate their new knowledge. Although this approach is based on constructivism, educators still have an important role in supporting learning by having sufficient science ability.Keywords: Early childhood, Indonesia, science, 21st century education, pedagogyCite as: Qonita, Syaodih, E., & Mulyana, E.H. (2017).  When science becomes an approach in early learning: Know it, understand it and do it!. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 98-106.
Edgardo Antonio Vigo. Del arte plástico a la estética del proceso creativo
Authors: Aguerre Natalia
Published: June 2018

Este artículo presenta la trayectoria del artista experimental platense Edgardo Antonio Vigo con el propósito de visualizar y estudiar cómo sus creaciones problematizaron la cuestión de la imagen plástica, a partir de la concepción del objeto plástico como un puente hacia la estética del proceso creativo.
Al margen del orden: Anotaciones sobre Bandoleros y Cine Imagen
Authors: Oroz Silvia
Published: June 2018

Los bandoleros latinoamericanos generaron tal desorden entre finales del siglo XIX y a hasta los años cincuenta del siglo pasado, que hasta la actualidad funcionan en el imaginario popular. La imagen está produciendo una revolución en las formas de estar en el mundo. Ambos, metafóricamente, enfrentan la autoridad. Mientras los bandoleros lo hacen con el poder constituido, la imagen lo hace con los saberes conocidos.
Urban Requalification Policies and Periphery: Notes on the Italian Case
Authors: Paone Sonia
Published: June 2018

The impoverishment and vulnerability that characterize the European urban periphery in the transition from the Fordist production to the flexible accumulation regimes has started a new season of programs of urban renewal trough intervention related to the revitalization of specific part of the city. The European Union strongly supports these new policies and forecast a complex program with the intersection of physical, economic and social types of interventions. This article considers specifically the case of Italy, retracing the steps of planning changes that led to the creation of these new tools, and highlighting some limitations of this type of intervention.
The place of community values within community-based conservation: The case of Driftsands Nature Reserve, Cape Town
Authors: Kotze Shelley
Published: June 2018

Contemporary approaches to biodiversity conservation within South Africa depart from community-based initiatives which seek to combine biodiversity conservation with socio-economic development. This paper employs a grounded theory approach to discuss the values of local communities and the management body (CapeNature), with regards to Driftsands Nature Reserve, Cape Town, by way of exploring the ways in which community-based conservation is being achieved within this case study. The findings conclude that the support and environmental education provided by CapeNature is going some way to addressing the needs of community-based conservation. Although the geographical location and demographics of the area produce a number of challenges for this approach, this research outlines the pathways for these challenges to be turned into benefits through even greater involvement with community-based conservation.
Territorialisation dynamics for Italian farms adhering to Alternative Food Networks
Authors: Marino Davide , Mastronardi Luigi , Giannelli Agostino , Giaccio Vincenzo , Mazzocchi Giampiero
Published: June 2018

The demographic processes of the last decades have led to variations in urban and peri-urban territorial configurations, questioning the patterns of traditional productive localisation. They have begun to outline new perspectives related to proximity to trading and commerce sites as well as to the services offered by the city. Business strategies, such as multifunctionality and diversification, have begun to consider these new possibilities that, at a larger scale, have triggered the process of territorialisation. The study analyses the influence of proximity to the city on the strategies of farms diversifying income through short food chains, with the aim of identifying the prevailing behaviours adopted in three different concentric areas at the urban centre of gravity: peri-urban, belt and rural. The study involves a dataset constituted by 217 farms, where each farm has been associated with a set of explanatory variables that outline some structural, social and economic characteristics. The sample has been segmented through a hierarchical cluster analysis, which allowed us to identify 5 groups of farms, after having reduced the number of variables through PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The results show that short food chains and, more generally, AFNs, are based on strategies alternative to those of traditional chains, and which involve a different economic dimension of the same chains and the construction of a different place-based agro-food system, also envisaging a re-localisation of space near the final market.
Empowered Community vs Dependent Community: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Implications by Mining Companies in South Sumatra Province
Authors: Resnawaty Risna ,   Rivani
Published: June 2018

Mining business actors have an obligation to maintain the sustainability of the surrounding environment, both in the physical and the social environment. Coal mining extraction activities are closely related to the exploration and exploitation of natural resources. This activity is in contact with the interests of the surrounding community, in particular with the negative impact caused. Mining companies in Indonesia are bound by the Mineral and Coal Mining Act no. 4 of 2009 to carry out community development and empowerment. Under the law, the companies are required to implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Through the implementation of CSR is expected the company can provide a positive change for the survival of communities around the mining area. PT BARA is one of mining companies that had been implementing CSR since 1983. As a state-owned company PT. BARA has various binding regulations in the implementation of CSR. The regulation comes from the central government as well as the local government in which PT. BARA does its mining business. Every year PT BARA releases an enormous amount of CSR funds, but the surrounding community is still in a state of poverty. It turns out that the problem does not stop on poverty at all. The community becomes very dependent on the company's assistance. The purpose of the CSR program is to develop and empower the community has not been able to achieve the goal. This dependence is caused by various reasons such as CSR policies of companies as well as government and CSR implementation on society.
Public Policy Instruments and Dynamics of Economic Development Indicators in Rural Nigeria
Authors: Oghenekohwo Jonathan E. , Berezi Irene U.
Published: June 2018

This paper focuses on rural economic development that seems grossly reported, neglected and underinvested in Nigeria despite various acclaimed public policies that the sector holds the key to sustainable economic development of the nation. Analysis of the 55 years of sectoral performance appraisal of the Nigerian economy in relation to sustainability is not comprehensive and instructive if it is devoid of a review of development policies that are public and rural driven. This paper therefore, addresses the dynamics, challenges and prospects of public policy instruments as indicative of rural economic development and performance indicators in the overall discourse on sustainable rural economic development in Nigeria. The paper adopted a qualitative approach to show evidences of performance indicators in rural areas in Nigeria. It concludes that public policies have assisted in accelerating the pace of rural development in Nigeria and the impact cannot be wished away for whatever reasons. The paper recommended that, public policies on rural economic development must be community driven, environmental friendly in implementation, social capital impacted and guided by deliberative civic engagement to enhance the buy-in attitude of rural dwellers.
Peningkatan Motivasi dan Kemampuan Kognitif IPA melalui Penerapan Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Jigsaw
Authors: Sari Nursina , Rahman Nanang
Published: June 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Rerata peningkatan motivasi (2) Rerata peningkatan kemampuan kognitif, dan (3) Keterlaksanaan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif dengan tipe jigsaw dalam pembelajaran IPA pada peserta didik PGSD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang mengadaptasi model Kurt Lewin yang dilakukan dalam tiga siklus pembelajaran. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar angket dan lembar observasi motivasi, dan lembar soal serta lembar observasi keterlaksaana pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran IPA dengan menerapkan pembelajaran kooperatif  tipe jigsaw dapat (1) Peserta didik lebih termotivasi dalam prose pembelajaran ditinjau dari hasil angket yaitu pada rerata gain skor tiap siklus I, II, dan III yaitu 0.32, 0.58, 0.63 dengan kategori sedang, dan (2) Efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar kemampuan kognitif peserta didik ditinjau dari perolehan rerata gain skor pada tiap siklus I, II, dan III sebesar 0.49, 0.53, dan 0.6, dengan kategori sedang, (3) Penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dalam pembelajaran IPA terlaksana dengan baik.Kata Kunci: Motivasi, kognitif, Pembelajaran kooperatif, jigsaw
FAAH Inhibitor Improves Function of Inflamed Bladders by Modulation of Anandamide and Palmitoylethanolamide
Authors: Charrua Ana , Matos Rita , Marczylo Tim , Nagy Istvan , Cruz Francisco
Published: June 2018

Introduction: We aim to study the effect of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) blockade on bladder hyperactivity and on fatty acid amides levels during cystitis.

Material and Methods: Cystitis was induced in female Wistar rats using 5 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Control group were intravesical instilled with saline. LPS and control groups received intravenously (caudal vein) during cystometry: URB 937 (URB; FAAH antagonist) in doses of 0.007, 0.07, 0.7 and 7 mg/kg (cumulative, with 10 minutes interval). Using the maximal effective dose of URB (0.7 mg/kg, see below) animals received 10 uM MJ15 (CB1 receptor antagonist) or 0.3 mg SR144528 /kg (SR; CB2 receptor antagonist). At dose of 7 mg/kg, animals receive 1.4 μg SB366791/kg (SB; TRPV1 antagonist). Control and inflamed (without and with 0.7 and 7 mg/kg URB) group were euthanized and the bladder was harvested for the determination of anandamide (AEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) by mass spectrometry.

Results: Frequency of control was not changed by URB treatment at any dose. LPS increase bladder frequency. 0.007 mg and 0.07 mg URB decrease bladder frequency of LPS-inflamed rats. 0.7 URB reversed LPS-induced bladder hyperactivity. At 7 mg, URB was unable to reverse or reduce LPS-induced bladder hyperactivity. The administration of CB1, CB2 and TRPV1 antagonists did not change the frequency of voiding contractions of naïve animals. CB1 antagonist reversed the effect of 0.7 URB while TRPV1 antagonist reduced the effect of 7 URB. AEA levels increase during inflammation. Treating LPS-inflamed animals with 0.7 mg URB brought AEA levels to control levels. Treating LPS-inflamed animals with 7 mg URB did not change AEA levels, compared to LPS-inflamed animals. PEA levels decrease during inflammation. Treating LPS-inflamed animals with 0.7 mg URB brought AEA levels to control levels. Treating LPS-inflamed animals with 7 mg URB, decreased PEA levels to values similar to the ones observed in LPS- -inflamed animals.

Conclusion: During cystitis, the FAAH inhibitor raises the levels of PEA and reverses the urinary frequency by a CB1 receptor- mediated mechanism. When used in very high doses, the FAAH antagonist raises the levels of AEA and increases the urinary frequency by a TRPV1-dependent mechanism. Therefore, the choice of FAAH inhibitor dosage to be used in the clinics should consider the putative effects over the endocannabinoid levels in the system.
Iraqi Kurdistan Referendum and its Implications
Authors: Mirkhan Hemin H.
Published: June 2018

The Kurds in Iraq have won the international community’s trust as they have been part of the solution to the issues facing the region. Dissatisfied with Baghdad and overconfident that the regional countries will not backlash due to the referendum, the KRG proceeded with the referendum for independence in the Kurdistan region including the disputed areas. The KRG decision-makers were vigilant enough to avoid playing the nationalist card and make the case exclusively as a domestic affair. Neither neighboring countries, in which many Kurds are residents, nor the international community supported the referendum. In this article, I would like to bring certain aspects of the Kurdistan Independence Referendum into a better light of appreciation. It will be argued that it is not about the process rather the structure of the international regime of recognition. The international community has opted for the already dysfunctional Iraq.
Pengembangan video tematik sebagai pengantar pembelajaran kurikulum 2013 di sekolah dasar
Authors: Krissandi Apri Damai Sagita
Published: June 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berupa video tematik kelas V SD kurikulum 2013 yang digunakan untuk pengantar pembelajaran tematik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development atau R&D). Penelitian ini menggunakan lima tahap. (1) analisis kebutuhan, (2) kajian standar kompetensi dan materi pembelajaran, (3) pengembangan program pembelajaran, (4) memproduksi media video tematik, (5) uji coba dan revisi produk. Validasi dilakukan dengan triangulasi data. Uji coba terdiri dari dua tahap: uji coba perorangan oleh 3 siswa dan uji coba kelompok kecil oleh 10 siswa. Data yang dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk video tematik yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran tema 2 subtema 2 pembelajaran 3 kelas V SD. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh: (1) Penilaian dari ahli media termasuk dalam kriteria sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata skor sebesar 3,33. (2) Penilaian dari guru kelas termasuk dalam kriteria sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata skor 3,1. (3) Uji coba perorangan dengan kriteria tinggi, rata-rata skor 2,68. (4) Hasil uji coba kelompok kecil menujukkan bahwa produk pembelajaran termasuk dalam kriteria sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata skor sebesar 3,1.
Penerapan model think pair share dengan pendekatan saintifik melalui lesson study pada mata kuliah evaluasi pembelajaran SD
Authors: Yustitia Via , Rusminati Susi Hermin , Sulistyawati Ida
Published: June 2018

Penelitian ini berawal dari masih rendahnya kualitas dan kompetensi dosen dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran.Salah satuupaya untuk meningkatkan kompetensi pendidik adalah dengan menerapkan lesson study.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan lesson study menggunakan model Think Pair Share dengan pendekatan saintifik dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran mata kuliah Evaluasi Pembelajaran SD.Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa PGSD kelas 2016 E  dan 2016 A. Data penelitian ini adalah pelaksanaan plan, do, dan see.Keabsahan data dilakukan melalui teknik triangulasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan lesson study menggunakan model TPS dengan pendekatan saintifik dilaksanakan sesuai tahapan-tahapan dalam  lesson study yaitu plan, do,dan see. Lesson study membuat proses perencanaan pembelajaran lebih matang sehingga dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran dosen model merasa lebih siap. Lesson Study secara efektif dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Lesson Study  yang dirancang dengan baik akan menjadikan dosen model menjadi lebih profesional dan inovatif
HAVAALANI GÜVENLİK SÜREÇLERİNDEKİ PROBLEMLER VE HAVAALANI KULLANICILARI: HAVAALANI GÜVENLIK GÖREVLİSİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN TÜRKİYE’DEKİ ÜÇ HAVAALANINDA BIR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ERGÜN Nalan
Published: June 2018

Çalışmanın amacı güvenlik görevlilerine
sıkıntı verdiği düşünülen havaalanı kullanıcısı profile ile güvenlik
prosedürlerinin belirlenmesi ve bu doğrultuda gerek insan kaynakları yönetimi
gibi yönetsel süreçlere gerekse güvenlik prosedürlerinin geliştirilmesine katkı
sağlanmasıdır.  Bu amaçla yapılan
araştırmada anket formu kullanılmıştır. Anket İstanbul Atatürk Havalimanı,
Ankara Esenboğa Havalimanı ve İstanbul Sabiha Gökçen Havalimanı olmak üzere, üç
havaalanın iç ve dış hatlar terminali kontrol noktasında görev yapmakta olan
özel güvenlik görevlisine uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere frekans analizi
uygulanarak betimlenmiştir. Yolcu profiline yönelik yapılan analiz sonucunda
her üç havaalanında da terminal personelinin süreçlerde büyük oranda sıkıntı yarattığı
belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra yabancı yolculara oranla T.C. uyruklu ve tek
başına seyahat eden yolculara oranla aileleri ile seyahat eden yolcuların
güvenlik süreçlerinde daha fazla sıkıntıya neden olduğu her üç havaalanı
verilerinde de saptanmıştır. En fazla sıkıntı yaşanmasına neden olan güvenlik
sürecine yönelik bulguda ise havayolu ile taşınması yasaklı maddelerin tespiti,
ayakkabı çıkarma uygulaması ve kapı detektöründen tekrar geçilmesi ilk üç
sırada yer almıştır.
MARX’TA İDEOLOJİ ELEŞTİRİSİ VE KAVRAMIN FARKLILAŞAN GÖRÜNÜMLERİ
Authors: TUNÇ SUBAŞI Selda
Published: June 2018

İdeoloji, -Marx’ın Alman İdeolojisi eserinden önce-
Hegel’in “mutlak tin” düşüncesi ve Feuerbach’ın din eleştirisi ile birlikte
Marx’ın materyalist teorisinin oluşumunda başlıca rolü üstlenmiştir. İdeoloji
kuramının oluşumu Hegel ve Feuerbach’ın düşünce izleğine, din eleştirisinden
materyalizm eleştirisi ve bu minvaldeki argümanlara kadar uzanır. Parekh’in
(1982)’de dediği gibi, Marx, maddi gerçeklikle düşünce arasında diyalektik bir
ilişkiyi göstermeye çalışarak keskin ve sistematik düşüncelerin karşısında
konumlanmıştır. Klasik Marksist teoride ideoloji kavramı, “üstyapı” ya dahil,
din, ahlak ya da siyasi kurumlara atfedilir bir şekilde ve bu yapılarla
eşdeğerlik kurulmaya çalışılarak açıklanmıştır. Bu çalışma “üstyapı” metaforu
ile ideoloji arasındaki eşdeğerlik ilişkisine karşı çıkmaktadır. İdeoloji,
psikolojik bir düzlemden başlayarak, maddi gerçekliğin “yanılsama” ya da
“yanlış bilinç” içeren pozitif anlamından negatif anlama gelecek şekilde
kullanılmıştır. Larrain, bu gibi geçişlerde ideolojinin yanlış bilinç,
yanılsama ya da egemen sınıfa referans verilerek değerlendirildiğini belirtir.
Fakat Marx, özellikle ideoloji sorunsalının detaylı olarak ele alındığı Alman
İdeolojisi eserinde, ideolojiyi farklı bir fenomenle eşdeğer oluşumdan
kaçınarak ideolojinin kurumlarla diyalektik ilişkisine önem vermiştir.
Larrain’i takip ederek, bu çalışmada ideoloji kavramı dönemlere ayrılarak
kavramın zaman içinde nasıl farklılaştığı sorunsallaştırılmaktadır. Marx’ta
ideoloji kavramı nasıl değişip dönüşüme uğramıştır? Kavram, farklı dönemlerde
hangi anlamlara gelecek şekilde kullanılmıştır? Bu çalışmada dönemleştirme
yoluyla Marx’ta ideoloji kavramının basitçe yanlış bilinç, yanılsama ya da
egemen güç anlamına gelmediğinin altı çizilmektedir.
EXTRADITION – EU, KOSOVO AND ALBANIA REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Authors: OSMANİ Nuhi , HOTİ Afrim
Published: June 2018

Extradition
as legal concept as well as legal phenomenon at the international law has been
and is becoming one of the most important aspects to push states cooperates in
order to contribute to peace and security in the world today. As such, it is
broadly known phenomenon in the today’s world. Countries worldwide are going
through serious attempts to consolidate and design it in the best possible
model aiming strengthening of peace and security by coordinating the activities
and mechanism in order to ensure detention, put in trial or suffer the
punishment of each and every perpetrator. Extradition today appears one of the
most important mechanism and instruments within the framework of European
Union. It is also becoming an important mechanism beyond Europe, namely in
countries aspiring to be members of the European Union like Republic of Albania
and Republic of Kosova. Thus this paper attempts to present and analyze the
approaches that, first of all EU is doing and in the following Republic of
Albania and Republic of Kosovo, 
institutions are using to improve the process and consolidate the
institute of Extradition, through which an rule of law, respect of human
rights, transparency and democratic life is promoted. Different from the usual
practices at EU level as well as countries like Albania with no contested
statehood, in Kosovo case there are some “extra” obstacles as those of mutual
cooperation between states which are still refusing the recognition of the
country.
ARKEOLOJİK ÇAĞLARDA ANADOLU'DA MÜZİK
Authors: KARAAĞAÇ Burak
Published: June 2018

20. yüzyılın ortalarında
başlayarak günümüze kadar geçen süreç içinde yürütülen arkeolojik kazı
çalışmaları;  Türkiye’de müzik tarihi açısından
çok önemli belge ve bilgilere ulaşılmasını sağlamıştır. Elde edilen çok sayıda
ve çeşitlilikteki yazılı ve görsel materyaller, bilinen müzik tarihini
değiştirecek niteliktedir. Anadolu’da elde edilen belge ve
bilgilerin tarihsel derinliği ve çeşitliliği, müzik tarihi açısından dünyada
eşine az rastlanan bir merkezin varlığını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu belgelerin
ışığında yazdığım bu makalede topladığım veriler kaynak kitapların yansıra
müzelerde sergilenen parçalar ve sergi alanında bulunmayıp müze envanterlerinde
bulunan ve müze depolarına izinle inerek teker teker yaptığım araştırmalar
sonucu oluşmuştur. Fakat en büyük sorun bu müzelerin depolarına inmek için T.C.
Kültür Bakanlığı Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü'nün desteği ile olmuştur. Bu izinler
alındıktan sonra bulduğum enstrümanların nasıl çalındığı fikri de Yanımda müze
depolarında inerken yardımcı olan arkeolog uzmanlar ya da müze müdürleri
tarafından çözülmüştür. Bu makalede yer alan bilgiler yaklaşık M.Ö.12 bin yıl
öncesi Arkeolojik çağlardaki Türkiye’nin, müzik kültürünü, M.S.395 yılına kadar dört farklı başlık altında incelemesi üzerine oluşmuştur.
Makale; Neolitik - Kalkolitik Çağlar(M. Ö. 10 000 / 12 000 – 3.000),
Eski Tunç Çağı(M.Ö. 3.000–2.000), Asur Ticaret Kolonileri – Hitit
Çağları(M.Ö. 2.000 – 1.190), Demir ve Roma Çağları(M.Ö. 1.190 – M.S. 395) üzerine
yapılan çalışmalarla, görsel resimler ve elde edilen veriler de kullanılarak
bilimsel ölçüde tarihe ışık tutmak amaçlanmıştır.
Revisión de: Laparoscopic Lavage Is Feasible and Safe for the Treatment of Perforated Diverticulitis With Purulent Peritonitis. The First Results From the Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Guillaumes Salvador
Published: June 2018

El objetivo de esta sección no es el comentar o revisar estudios de rabiosa actualidad. Mostramos  los ejercicios de lectura crítica que realizamos a lo largo del curso en el Master de Coloproctología de la Universidad de Zaragoza, con el objetivo es diseminar los hábitos de lectura crítica. La  idea que queremos transmitir es que "no es sensato leer crédulamente la evidencia publicada y, en consecuencia, la lectura crítica de la evidencia emerge como una habilidad básica para la clínica del siglo XXI" (1). A lo largo del año, publicaremos diferentes ejercicios, realizados por los alumnos del master, priorizando, dentro de lo posible, temas controvertidos de coloproctología. En las lecturas utilizaremos, en general, plantillas CASPe (2) y la metodología GRADE (3,4), para determinar la calidad de la evidencia y la fuerza de la recomendación que se puede realizar en base al estudio analizado.
Антибиотикорезистентность нозокомиальных штаммов Staphylococcus aureus в хирургических стационарах Украины: результаты многоцентрового исследования (2015 - 2016 гг.)
Authors: Salmanov А. G. , Usenko А. Yu.
Published: June 2018

Цель. Изучить активность противомикробных препаратов в отношении клинических штаммов S.aureus, выделенных от пациентов, госпитализированных в хирургические стационары в различных регионах Украины.
Материалы и методы. В исследование включен 26 501 клинический штамм S.aureus, выделенный в 2015 - 2016 г. от пациентов, госпитализированных в 23 хирургических стационара 17 регионов Украины. Чувствительность к 23 антибактериальным препаратам определяли с помощью автоматизированного анализатора Vitek 2 Compact. В некоторых тестах использовали диско - диффузионный метод Kирби-Бауэра (Kirby - Bauer). Результаты чувствительности к антибиотикам оценивали в соответствии с рекомендациями Института клинических и лабораторных стандартов США (CLSI).
Результаты. Наибольшей активностью к S.aureus обладал линезолид, к которому были чувствительны все исследованные штаммы. Также высокую активность продемонстрировали нитрофурантоин (99,1%), фузидиевая кислота (98,2%), ко-тримоксазол (98,6%), мупироцин (97,2%), триметоприм/сульфаметоксазол (98,6%), тейкопланин (96,3%), тигециклин (96,1%), ванкомицин (95,4%) и фосфомицин (95,3%). Частота выделения штаммов MRSA составила 38,7%, которая в хирургических стационарах разных регионов колебалась в пределах от 7,3 до 69,7%.
Выводы. Тактику применения антибиотиков в каждом хирургическом стационаре следует определять в зависимости от локальных данных резистентности к ним. Учитывая постоянные изменения и существенные отличия резистентности S. aureus, что наблюдали в разных регионах, необходимо проводить постоянный мониторинг в каждом хирургическом стационаре и на основании полученных локальных данных разрабатывать больничный формуляр антибиотиков.
Десятилетний опыт пневматической баллонной дилатации пищеводно-желудочного перехода
Authors: Malynovskyi A. V. , Majorenko М. N. , Chernov N. N. , Shigimaga M. J. , Kudinov D. V.
Published: June 2018

Цель. Выбор оптимального режима пневматической баллонной дилатации (ПБД) пищеводно-желудочного перехода под рентгенологическим контролем при ахалазии (АП) и стенозе (СП) пищевода после пластики пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы (ПОД) и фундопликации.
Материалы и методы. С 2007 по 2017 г. ПБД выполнена 34 пациентам: 7 пациентам с I-II стадией АП; 13 – с рецидивом после лапароскопической кардиомиотомии (ЛКМТ); 14 – с функциональной дисфагией или СП после пластики ПОД и фундопликации.
Результаты. Осложнений ПБД не было. У всех пациентов достигнута ремиссия на протяжении разных сроков, зависевших от причины дисфагии. Возникшие рецидивы проанализированы и соотнесены с результатами повторных операций.
Выводы. ПБД высокоэффективна и не сопровождается осложнениями при тщательном соблюдении методики. Оптимальный режим ПБД предполагает постепенное повышение давления от 20 до 26,7 кПа (от 150 до 200 мм рт. ст.), экспозицию от 30 до 60 с, которые соизмеряют со степенью расправления баллона и болевой реакцией пациента. ПБД помогает установить уровень и причину как стеноза при рецидивах АП после ЛКМТ, так и стеноза после пластики ПОД и фундопликации, и таким образом определить показания к повторной операции и ее объем.
Оцінка показників коагулограми у пацієнтів з тромбозом системи нижньої порожнистої вени
Authors: Rusin V. І. , Popovich Ya. М.
Published: June 2018

Мета. Оцінити зміни показників коагулограми у пацієнтів з тромбозом глибоких вен (ГВ) системи нижньої порожнистої вени (НПВ) залежно від виду лікування.
Матеріали і методи. Проведена кількісна оцінка показників коагулограми у 615 пацієнтів із тромбозом у системі НПВ. Залежно від методу лікування хворі розподілені на дві групи: 1-ша – 380 (61,8%) хворих, яким провели хірургічне лікування з наступним призначенням антикоагулянтної терапії; 2-га – 235 (38,2%) хворих, яким призначали лише антикоагулянтну терапію.
Результати. Оцінка більшості показників коагулограми показала більш виражену гіпокоагуляцію у пацієнтів 1-ї групи порівняно з 2-ю групою: рівень D-димеру був нижче на 14,1%, середня концентрація тромбокриту (СКТ) - на 7,8%, протромбіновий індекс (ПІ) - на 7,1%, міжнародне нормалізоване співвідношення (МНС) - на 3,8%, рівень гематокриту - на 2,4%, кількість тромбоцитів - на 1,9%. У пацієнтів 1-ї групи спостерігали більш виражене подовження активованого часткового тромбопластинового часу (АЧТЧ), активованого часу рекальцифікації (АЧР) та протромбінового часу (ПЧ) порівняно з пацієнтами 2-ї групи: на 37,9, 10,6 та 4,8% відповідно. Водночас рівень фібриногену у 1-й групі був на 9,1% вище порівняно з 2-ю групою.
Висновки. Гіпокоагуляційні зміни гемостазу у пацієнтів, яким застосували хірургічне лікування тромбозу ГВ системи НПВ, порівняно з пацієнтами, яким призначали лише антикоагулянтну терапію, дають підстави припустити, що механічне видалення тромботичних мас сприяє більш швидкій нормалізації показників гемостазу.
Порівняльна характеристика ехогенної структури післяопераційних нормотрофічних та атрофічних рубців шкіри
Authors: Аvetikov D. S. , Bukhanchenko О. P. , Lokes K. P. , Yatsenko І. V. , Lokes-Кrupka Т. P.
Published: June 2018

Мета. Вивчити можливості диференціальної діагностики нормотрофічних і атрофічних післяопераційних рубців (ПОР) з використанням ультразвукового дослідження (УЗД).
Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 50 пацієнтів з рубцями голови та шиї. Ехогенні відмінності патологічних рубців встановлювали за допомогою УЗД.
Результати. Ехокартина атрофічних рубців характеризувалась меншою глибиною залягання рубцевої тканини, ніж товщина інтактної шкіри (мінімальне значення – 0,92 мм, максимальне – 2,14 мм). Власна зона рубця мала середній ступінь ехогенності з досить рівномірним розподілом волокон сполучної тканини.
Висновки. Застосування УЗД дає можливість визначити належність патологічного рубця до певного типу, що спрощує складання алгоритму лікування ПОР шкіри.
Хірургічне лікування вторинного гіперпаратиреозу у пацієнтів з хронічною хворобою нирок
Authors: Тkachenko R. P. , Кuryk О. G. , Golovko А. S.
Published: June 2018

Мета. Дослідити ефективність оперативного лікування вторинного гіперпаратиреозу (ВГПТ) у пацієнтів з хронічною хворобою нирок (ХХН).
Матеріали і методи. Проведено ретроспективне дослідження результатів оперативних втручань на прищитоподібних залозах (ПЩЗ) та оцінено клініко-лабораторні показники у пацієнтів з ВГПТ.
Результати. Шляхом дослідження операційного матеріалу ПЩЗ 62 пацієнтів дифузну гіперплазію встановлено у 8 (12,9%, 95% довірчого інтервалу (ДІ), 4,6 - 21,2%), мікроаденоматоз – у 14 (22,6%, 95% ДІ 12,2 – 33,0%); макроаденому – у 40 (64,5%, 95% ДІ 52,6 - 76,4%). Із 40 пацієнтів з макроаденомами пухлини з головних клітин діагностовано у 32 (80%, 95% ДІ 67,9 – 92,4%), онкоцитарні пухлини – у 8 (20%, 95% ДІ 7,6 – 32,4%). Відношення шансів (OR) – 16,0; χ2 – 26,45; р < 0,0001.
Порівняння клініко-лабораторних показників через 1, 6 і 12 міс після оперативного втручання на ПЩЗ, а також з показниками у пацієнтів, яким не виконували оперативного втручання, виявило статистично достовірні результати нормалізації рівнів паратиреоїдного гормону (ПТГ), кальцію (Са), фосфору (Р) і лужної фосфатази (ЛФ) у крові.
Висновки. Хірургічна операція при ВГПТ є ефективним методом лікування, який сприяє нормалізації лабораторних показників і попереджає важкі ускладнення.
Роль генетических исследований в диагностике заболеваний височно-нижнечелюстного сустава
Authors: Semenov К. А. , Denga О. V. , Gorokhivsky V. N.
Published: June 2018

Цель. По результатам генетического исследования и их числового выражения подтвердить клинические диагнозы пациентов для дальнейшего составления плана лечебно–профилактической помощи.
Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 10 пациентов: 5 женщин и 5 мужчин в возрасте от 25 до 50 лет. Анализ проводили в лаборатории молекулярно–генетических исследований – ООО «Гермедтех», г. Одесса. Для выделения и очистки дезоксирибонуклеиновой кислоты (ДНК) из буккальных клеток использовали метод Деллапорта.
Результаты. На основании результатов анализа генов GSTM1, CoL2A1, MMP1, ER, IL1B, TNF, участвующих в метаболизме костно-хрящевой ткани сустава, определен генетический риск развития заболеваний височно-нижнечелюстного сустава (ВНЧС).
Выводы. На основе генетического исследования по определенному набору генетических маркеров и их анализу уточнены и подтверждены клинические диагнозы. Определенный набор генетических маркеров и их цифровые значения позволяют составить прогноз течения патологического процесса и на основании этого проводить лечебные и профилактические мероприятия, разработать индивидуальный протокол лечения пациентов с заболеваниями ВНЧС.
Effects of zinc and aprotinin on the healing of ulnar diaphyseal fractures in rabbits
Authors: İzci Celal , Çelik İlhami , Erol Muharrem
Published: June 2018

The effects of zinc and aprotinin on fracture healing in experimentally induced fractures were investigated by means of histometric analyses and alkaline phosphatase histochemistry. Healthy 54 adult New Zealand White female rabbits were separated into three groups as control, zinc, and aprotinin treatment. The control animals did not receive any medicament; zinc sulphate was given orally to the rabbits in the Zn group for 15 days. Aprotinin was postoperatively infiltrated into the fracture area at the 3rdand 24thh following operation. Immobilization of fracture ends of all groups was similar throughout the experiment. The zinc administered group displayed the highest alkaline phosphatase positive cell level through the experiment. By day 30 after the operation, fibrocartilage and osseous tissues reached the highest levels in the zinc treated group. Based on the observation of augmented osseous tissue formation and increased alkaline phosphatase positive osteoblastic cell activity in the callus, it was conluded that Zn sulphate is a potent stimulator of bone formation by increasing mineralization in the fractured bone segments.
Effects of agmatine on chlorpromazine-induced neuronal injury in rat
Authors: Dejanovic Bratislav , Vukovic-Dejanovic Vesna , Ninkovic Milica , Lavrnja Irena , Stojanovic Ivana , Pavlovic Milos , Begovic Vesna , Mirkovic Dusko , Stevanovic Ivana
Published: June 2018

This study was aimed to study the potentially beneficial effects of agmatine on oxidative/nitrosative stress development in the brain of Wistar rats during subacute chlorpromazine treatment. The animals were divided into control (0.9% saline), chlorpromazine (38.7 mg/kg b.w.), chlorpromazine+agmatine (agmatine 75 mg/kg b.w. immediately after chlorpromazine, 38.7 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) and agmatine (75 mg/kg b.w.) groups. All the tested substances were administered intraperitoneally for 15 consecutive days and the rats were sacrificed by decapitation on day 15. Subacute administration of chlorpromazine resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide concentration and superoxide anion production, while completely damaging the antioxidant defence system in the cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. However, the combined treatment with chlorpromazine and agmatine significantly attenuated the oxidative/nitrosative stress indices and restored the antioxidant capacity to the control values in all of the examined brain regions. Western blot analysis supported biochemical findings in all groups, but the most notable changes were found in the hippocampus. Our results suggest potentially beneficial effects of agmatine, which may be useful in the modified antioxidant approach in chlorpromazine-therapy.
Quantitative assessment of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris present in artisanal raw cow’s milk cheese
Authors: Stachelska Milena Alicja
Published: June 2018

Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris belongs to lactic acid bacteria that play a crucial role in cheese production and it is known to be beneficial to human health. The aim of the study was to establish a rapid and accurate quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method to detect and enumerate L. lactis subsp. cremoris in artisanal raw cow’s milk cheese. Artisanal raw cow’s milk cheese samples were used to check for presence and number of L. lactis subsp. cremoris strains. The method applies a set of target-specific PCR (polymerase chain reaction) primers and a fluorogenic probe, and amplifies a part of the LACR_RS01280 gene that encodes the aminoacetone oxidase family flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding enzyme. All 5 L. lactis subsp. cremoris strains examined were found to be qPCR positive. There was no signal recorded for 8 strains which belong to closely related species. The limit of detection amounted to ten copies per reaction and the assay indicated a linear dynamic range of seven logs. This method may be applied in detection and enumeration of L. lactis subsp. cremoris in cheese during its ripening. Moreover, it may be applied to examine the distribution of L. lactis subsp. cremoris during the cheese production and ripening.
Децентралізація управління місцевими фінансами в розвинутих федеративних та унітарних країнах: досвід для України
Authors: Karlin Mikola
Published: June 2018

У статті проаналізовано досвід децентралізації управління місцевими фінансами в сучасних умовах у таких країнах, як США, Канада, Німеччина, Франція, Велика Британія. На основі вивчення цього досвіду обґрунтовано потребу розширення фінансових повноважень як укрупнених територіальних громад, так і регіонів України.
Міжнародне кредитування ЄБРР як джерело фінансування розвитку підприємств України
Authors: Rudyk Natalia
Published: June 2018

У статті розглянуто сутність й особливості кредитування Європейського банку реконструкції та розвитку, проаналізовано динаміку розвитку відносин між ЄБРР й Україною, пакет профінансованих проектів та окреслені проблеми й перспективи подальшої співпраці підприємств України та ЄБРР.