bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced catalytic oxidation via nano Cu0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 embedded in CNTs for adsorption–reduction of hexavalent chromium
Authors: Zhang Pan , Wu Qiuying , Wang Wei , Yang Xiushan
Published: December 2023

A catalyst consisting of Cu0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 (CMF) supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which exhibits great potential as an adsorbent for treating Cr(VI)‐contaminated wastewater has been successfully prepared. The ferrite possesses excellent magnetic properties, while CNTs have the advantage of a large surface area. This composite material not only prevents the aggregation of magnetic materials and enhances the exposure of active sites but also effectively solves the recycling problem of CNTs. Our results show that the adsorption capacity of Cu0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4–carbon nanotubes (CMF‐CNTs) for Cr(VI) wastewater (45.60 mg/g) is 1.49 times higher than that of Cu0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 (30.48 mg/g). Compared to a single catalyst, CMF‐CNTs not only improve the dispersibility of magnetic materials but also exhibit synergistic effects between the composite materials, enhancing the chemical adsorption capacity. After five consecutive adsorption and desorption experiments, the adsorption capacity of CMF‐CNTs remains at 88% of its initial value. Furthermore, the study of the catalyst before and after adsorption by XPS reveals that the valence state transition of Fe3+/Fe2+ and Cu2+/Cu+ plays a crucial role in the adsorption process. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of using waste materials for effective wastewater treatment and provide insights into the development of new adsorbents for pollutant removal.
PROTOCOL: The effectiveness of skills training to increase employment among those experiencing and at risk of homelessness: A systematic review
Authors: Li Zijun , Ma Mina , Yang Yongqi , Li Yanfei , Guo Ke , Yang Minyan , Liu Guanghua , Yang Kehu
Published: December 2023

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. We will solve the following questions: (1) What are the characteristics of skills training services for individuals experiencing or at risk of homelessness? (2) How effectively do the different skills training programs improve employment status, work and life skills, or housing stability? (3) What factors are associated with the variation in the effectiveness of skills training services?
Animal‐to‐Human Dose Translation of ANTHRASIL for Treatment of Inhalational Anthrax in Healthy Adults, Obese Adults, and Pediatric Subjects
Authors: Beliveau Martin , Rubets Igor , Bojan Drobic , Hall Christine , Toth Derek , Kodihalli Shantha , Kammanadiminti Srinivas
Published: December 2023

Anthrax Immune Globulin Intravenous (AIGIV [ANTHRASIL]), was developed for the treatment of toxemia associated with inhalational anthrax. It is a plasma product collected from individuals vaccinated with anthrax vaccine and contains antitoxin IgG antibodies against Bacillus anthracis protective antigen. A pharmacokinetic (PK) and exposure–response model was constructed to assess the PKs of AIGIV in anthrax‐free and anthrax‐exposed rabbits, non‐human primates and anthrax‐free humans, as well as the relationship between AIGIV exposure and survival from anthrax, based on available preclinical/clinical studies. The potential effect of anthrax on the PKs of AIGIV was evaluated and estimates of survival odds following administration of AIGIV protective doses with and without antibiotic co‐treatment were established. As the developed PK model can simulate exposure of AIGIV in any species for any dosing scenario, the relationship between the predicted area under the concentration curve of AIGIV in humans and the probability of survival observed in preclinical studies was explored. Based on the simulation results, the intravenous administration of 420 U (units of potency as measured by validated Toxin Neutralization Assay) of AIGIV is expected to result in a > 80% probability of survival in more than 90% of the human population. Additional simulations suggest that exposure levels were similar in healthy and obese humans, and exposure in pediatrics is expected to be up to approximately seven‐fold higher than in healthy adults, allowing for doses in pediatric populations that ranged from one to seven vials. Overall, the optimal human dose was justified based on the PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of AIGIV in animals and model‐based translation of PK/PD to predict human exposure and efficacy.
Adaptation and plasticity of yield in hybrid and inbred sorghum
Authors: Otwani Daniel , Hunt Colleen , Cruickshank Alan , Powell Owen , Koltunow Anna , Mace Emma , Jordan David
Published: December 2023

Local adaptation and genotype by environment (G×E) interactions affect the expression of phenotypes in crop species. An investigation on the interplay between adaptation and G×E on sorghum heterosis phenotypes is lacking. To address this question, a set of 112 diverse grain sorghum hybrids and their 22 inbred parents of local and exotic origins, representing the primary female and male heterotic groups, were tested in five contrasting sorghum‐growing environments across 2 years in Queensland, Australia. Plant height, days to flowering, seed yield, grain weight, and grain number were measured and used in the estimation of heterosis. Midparent heterosis for yield ranged from –25% to 217% and was highly influenced by grain number. In contrast to observations in maize, the magnitude of heterosis for yield was not associated with site mean. Striking differences were observed in heterosis in hybrids from locally developed inbred parents compared with hybrids that were developed from exotic inbred parents developed in other countries. Heterosis in the latter combination was higher on average across all the test environments for the majority of traits. We hypothesize maladaptive phenotypic plasticity in the exotic parents contributed to the observed differences in heterosis estimates. These data confirm that heterosis estimates in sorghum must be obtained and interpreted in relevant genetic and environmental contexts. Breeders in developing countries with low sorghum hybrid seed uptake will find these insights useful when selecting hybrids for broader adaptation, improving efficiency of their breeding programs.
Natural habitat connectivity and organic management modulate pest dispersal, gene flow, and natural enemy communities
Authors: Novaes Danyelle R. , Sujii Patricia S. , Rodrigues Camila A. , Silva Karen M. N. B. , Machado Amanda F. P. , Inoue‐Nagata Alice K. , Nakasu Erich Y. T. , Togni Pedro H. B.
Published: December 2023

The simplification and fragmentation of agricultural landscapes generate effects on insects at multiple spatial scales. As each functional group perceives and uses the habitat differently, the response of pest insects and their associated natural enemies to environmental changes varies. Therefore, landscape structure may have consequences on gene flow among pest populations in space. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of local and landscape factors, at multiple scales, on the local infestation, gene flow and broad dispersion dynamics of the pest insect Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Middle East‐Asia Minor 1 (MEAM‐1, former biotype B) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its associated natural enemies in a tropical agroecosystem. We evaluated the abundance of B. tabaci populations and their natural enemy community in 20 tomato farms in Brazil and the gene flow between farms from 2019 to 2021. Landscapes dominated by agriculture resulted in larger B. tabaci populations and higher gene flow, especially in conventional farms. A higher density of native vegetation patches disfavored pest populations, regardless of the management system. The results revealed that whitefly responds to intermediate spatial scales and that landscape factors interact with management systems to modulate whitefly populations on focal farms. Conversely, whitefly natural enemies benefited from higher amounts of natural vegetation at small spatial scales, while the connectivity between natural habitat patches was beneficial for natural enemies regardless of the distance from the focal farm. The resulting dispersion model predicts that the movement of whiteflies between farms increases as the amount of natural vegetation decreases. Our findings demonstrate that landscape features, notably landscape configuration, can mediate infestation episodes, as they affect pest insects and natural enemies in opposite ways. We also showed that landscape features interact with farm traits, which highlights the need for management strategies at multiple spatial scales. In conclusion, we demonstrated the importance of the conservation of natural areas as a key strategy for area‐wide ecological pest management and the relevance of organic farming to benefit natural enemy communities in tropical agroecosystems.
Facilitating the recovery of insect communities in restored streams by increasing oviposition habitat
Authors: Dilworth Samantha , Taylor Brad W.
Published: December 2023

Recruitment limitation is known to influence species abundances and distributions. Recognition of how and why it occurs both in natural and in designed environments could improve restoration. Aquatic insects, for instance, rarely reestablish in restored streams to levels comparable to reference streams even years after restoration. We experimentally increased oviposition habitat in five out of 10 restored streams in western North Carolina to test whether insect egg‐laying habitat was limiting insect populations in restored streams. A main goal was to test whether adding oviposition habitat in the form of rocks that partially protrude above the water surface could be used to increase the abundance and richness of stream insect eggs and larval insects in restored streams. Adding egg‐laying habitat enhanced several response variables (e.g., protruding rocks, number of eggs, egg masses, egg morphotype richness, and oviposition habitat stability) to levels similar to those found in reference streams. Following the addition of protruding rocks, egg mass abundance increased by 186% and richness by 77% in restored‐treated streams. Densities of larval insects that attached their eggs to protruding rocks showed an overall pattern consistent with treatment effects due to the combination of nonsignificant and significant increases of several taxa and not just one taxon. Our results indicate that these stream insect populations are limited by oviposition habitat and that adding egg‐laying habitat alleviated this component of recruitment limitation. However, the weaker larval response indicates that additional post‐recruitment factors, such as egg or larval mortality, may still be limiting a full recovery of larval insect abundances in these restored streams. This study shows the importance of integrating information from animal life histories, ecology, and geomorphology into restoration practices to improve the recovery of aquatic insects, which are commonly used to assess water quality and the biological efficacy of stream restoration.
Proximity‐sensors on GPS collars reveal fine‐scale predator–prey behavior during a predation event: A case study from Scandinavia
Authors: Tallian Aimee , Mattisson Jenny , Stenbacka Fredrik , Neumann Wiebke , Johansson Anders , Støen Ole Gunnar , Kindberg Jonas
Published: December 2023

Although the advent of high‐resolution GPS tracking technology has helped increase our understanding of individual and multispecies behavior in wildlife systems, detecting and recording direct interactions between free‐ranging animals remains difficult. In 2023, we deployed GPS collars equipped with proximity sensors (GPS proximity collars) on brown bears (Ursus arctos) and moose (Alces alces) as part of a multispecies interaction study in central Sweden. On 6 June, 2023, a collar on an adult female moose and a collar on an adult male bear triggered each other's UHF signal and started collecting fine‐scale GPS positioning data. The moose collar collected positions every 2 min for 89 min, and the bear collar collected positions every 1 min for 41 min. On 8 June, field personnel visited the site and found a female neonate moose carcass with clear indications of bear bite marks on the head and neck. During the predation event, the bear remained at the carcass while the moose moved back and forth, moving toward the carcass site about five times. The moose was observed via drone with two calves on 24 May and with only one remaining calf on 9 June. This case study describes, to the best of our knowledge, the first instance of a predation event between two free ranging, wild species recorded by GPS proximity collars. Both collars successfully triggered and switched to finer‐scaled GPS fix rates when the individuals were in close proximity, producing detailed movement data for both predator and prey during and after a predation event. We suggest that, combined with standard field methodology, GPS proximity collars placed on free‐ranging animals offer the ability for researchers to observe direct interactions between multiple individuals and species in the wild without the need for direct visual observation.
The effect of self‐management techniques on relevant outcomes in chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Scholz C. , Schmigalle P. , Plessen C. Y. , Liegl G. , Vajkoczy P. , Prasser F. , Rose M. , Obbarius A.
Published: December 2023

Background and Objective

Among many treatment approaches for chronic low back pain (CLBP), self‐management techniques are becoming increasingly important. The aim of this paper was to (a) provide an overview of existing digital self‐help interventions for CLBP and (b) examine the effect of these interventions in reducing pain intensity, pain catastrophizing and pain disability.

Databases and Data Treatment

Following the PRISMA guideline, a systematic literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Cochrane databases. We included randomized controlled trials from the last 10 years that examined the impact of digital self‐management interventions on at least one of the three outcomes in adult patients with CLBP (duration ≥3 months). The meta‐analysis was based on random‐effects models. Standardized tools were used to assess the risk of bias (RoB) for each study and the quality of evidence for each outcome.

Results

We included 12 studies (n = 1545). A small but robust and statistically significant pooled effect was found on pain intensity (g = 0.24; 95% CI [0.09, 0.40], k = 12) and pain disability (g = 0.43; 95% CI [0.27, 0.59], k = 11). The effect on pain catastrophizing was not significant (g = 0.38; 95% CI [−0.31, 1.06], k = 4). The overall effect size including all three outcomes was g = 0.33 (95% CI [0.21, 0.44], k = 27). The RoB of the included studies was mixed. The quality of evidence was moderate or high.

Conclusion

In summary, we were able to substantiate recent evidence that digital self‐management interventions are effective in the treatment of CLBP. Given the heterogeneity of interventions, further research should aim to investigate which patients benefit most from which approach.

Significance

This meta‐analysis examines the effect of digital self‐management techniques in patients with CLBP. The results add to the evidence that digital interventions can help patients reduce their pain intensity and disability. A minority of studies point towards the possibility that digital interventions can reduce pain catastrophizing. Future research should further explore which patients benefit most from these kinds of interventions.
Research on the Optimal Output Power of Proton‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Based on Improved Model Predictive Control Strategy
Authors: Qin Hao , Qi Zhidong , Sun Chengshuo , Chu Kaihui , Shan Liang
Published: December 2023

To achieve optimal power output of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) under load variation and noise disturbance, this article proposes a recursive subspace model predictive control based on Laguerre function (RSMPCL) strategy. First, a fractional PEMFC identification model is established, and an optimal power setter is introduced to provide an optimal power value corresponding to the current load. Second, during the predictive process, a subspace predictor is updated in real time where a Householder transformer is applied to decrease the computation time of the frequent QR decomposition, and a variable forgetting factor is introduced to enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of predictive control. In the control process, a Laguerre function is employed to transform the problem of computing the input increment at the next step into calculating the coefficients of the input variables. This transformation reduces the computation time of the control quantities. Finally, load and disturbance tests conducted on a dSPACE semiphysical simulation platform indicate that compared with constrained subspace model predictive control, the proposed RSMPCL strategy can help the fuel cells achieve the optimal power point with control accuracy, robustness, and calculation speed.
Earthworm‐Inspired Triboelectric Nanogenerator with O‐Shaped Multilayer Structure for Marine Ranching
Authors: Yang Hanxiao , Miao Xue , Li Zekun , Cui Weiqi , Zhao Yilin , Cheng Meifei , Yu Aifang , Zhai Junyi
Published: December 2023

In view of the characteristics of small wave amplitude, stable direction, and low frequency near marine ranching, an energy‐harvesting device is designed and produced through an O‐shaped multilayer earthworm‐like triboelectric nanogenerator (OME–TENG) to provide a self‐sufficient energy supply for sensors without relying on batteries. Under the same conditions, O‐shaped multilayer TENG structure can carry out a fuller contact‐separation movement due to its unique O‐shaped structure, thus the peak power of the O‐shaped multilayer TENG structure can reach 10.4 mW, which is more than twice that of the Z‐shaped multilayer TENG structure. When the water wave frequency is 0.5 Hz and the wave amplitude is about 7.5 cm, the open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, and transferred charge of the left units of the OME–TENG device can reach 300 V, 25 μA, and 900 nC, respectively, and can directly light up 107 light emitting diode. After rectification and parallel connection, the energy collected by the OME–TENG can easily power a digital hygrograph to monitor marine temperature and humidity. Therefore, the OME–TENG shows great application prospects in the energy supply of marine ranching.
Research progress on the influencing factors and enhancement mechanism of CH4/CO2 mixture separation process by hydrate‐based technology: A review
Authors: Zhang Xuemin , Yin Shaoqi , He Jiajing , Liu Qingqing , Li Jinping , Wang Yingmei
Published: December 2023

The separation of mixed gas by hydrate method can realize the efficient separation of CO2 gas from biological gas. However, the long period, slow rate, and low selectivity of hydration reaction have become the critical problems restricting the efficient separation of the gas mixture by hydrate method. In this review, the formation characteristics of CH4/CO2 mixed gas hydrate are systematically summarized, and the kinetic process and influencing factors of CH4/CO2 mixed gas hydrate formation are comprehensively analyzed. On this basis, the influence mechanism and law of temperature, pressure, gas–liquid ratio, gas component ratio, additives, and other factors on the CH4/CO2 mixed gas hydrate formation progress were described in detail, and the enhancement mechanism of CH4/CO2 mixed gas hydrate formation under the influence of different factors was analyzed. Finally, the shortcomings and future development directions of the purification and separation technology of CH4/CO2 mixed gas by hydrate method are pointed out. Further research is needed to understand the kinetic mechanism and enhancement mechanism of the CH4/CO2 mixture separation process by hydrate method. The relative results will provide valuable guidance for the separation of mixture gas by a hydrate‐based method.
Variation in seizure risk increases from antiseizure medication withdrawal among patients with well‐controlled epilepsy: A pooled analysis
Authors: Terman Samuel W. , Slinger Geertruida , Koek Adriana , Skvarce Jeremy , Springer Mellanie V. , Ziobro Julie M. , Burke James F. , Otte Willem M. , Thijs Roland D. , Lossius Morten I. , Marson Anthony G. , Bonnett Laura J. , Braun Kees P. J.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Guidelines suggest considering antiseizure medication (ASM) discontinuation in seizure‐free patients with epilepsy. Past work has poorly explored how discontinuation effects vary between patients. We evaluated (1) what factors modify the influence of discontinuation on seizure risk; and (2) the range of seizure risk increase due to discontinuation across low‐ versus high‐risk patients.

Methods

We pooled three datasets including seizure‐free patients who did and did not discontinue ASMs. We conducted time‐to‐first‐seizure analyses. First, we evaluated what individual patient factors modified the relative effect of ASM discontinuation on seizure risk via interaction terms. Then, we assessed the distribution of 2‐year risk increase as predicted by our adjusted logistic regressions.

Results

We included 1626 patients, of whom 678 (42%) planned to discontinue all ASMs. The mean predicted 2‐year seizure risk was 43% [95% confidence interval (CI) 39%–46%] for discontinuation versus 21% (95% CI 19%–24%) for continuation. The mean 2‐year absolute seizure risk increase was 21% (95% CI 18%–26%). No individual interaction term was significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] risk increase across patients was 19% (IQR 14%–24%; range 7%–37%). Results were unchanged when restricting analyses to only the two RCTs.

Significance

No single patient factor significantly modified the influence of discontinuation on seizure risk, although we captured how absolute risk increases change for patients that are at low versus high risk. Patients should likely continue ASMs if even a 7% 2‐year increase in the chance of any more seizures would be too much and should likely discontinue ASMs if even a 37% risk increase would be too little. In between these extremes, individualized risk calculation and a careful understanding of patient preferences are critical. Future work will further develop a two‐armed individualized seizure risk calculator and contextualize seizure risk thresholds below which to consider discontinuation.

Plain Language Summary

Understanding how much antiseizure medications (ASMs) decrease seizure risk is an important part of determining which patients with epilepsy should be treated, especially for patients who have not had a seizure in a while. We found that there was a wide range in the amount that ASM discontinuation increases seizure risk—between 7% and 37%. We found that no single patient factor modified that amount. Understanding what a patient's seizure risk might be if they discontinued versus continued ASM treatment is critical to making informed decisions about whether the benefit of treatment outweighs the downsides.
A red blood cell‐derived bionic microrobot capable of hierarchically adapting to five critical stages in systemic drug delivery
Authors: Zhu Ya‐Xuan , Jia Hao‐Ran , Jiang Yao‐Wen , Guo Yuxin , Duan Qiu‐Yi , Xu Ke‐Fei , Shan Bai‐Hui , Liu Xiaoyang , Chen Xiaokai , Wu Fu‐Gen
Published: December 2023

The tumour‐targeting efficiency of systemically delivered chemodrugs largely dictates the therapeutic outcome of anticancer treatment. Major challenges lie in the complexity of diverse biological barriers that drug delivery systems must hierarchically overcome to reach their cellular/subcellular targets. Herein, an “all‐in‐one” red blood cell (RBC)‐derived microrobot that can hierarchically adapt to five critical stages during systemic drug delivery, that is, circulation, accumulation, release, extravasation, and penetration, is developed. The microrobots behave like natural RBCs in blood circulation, due to their almost identical surface properties, but can be magnetically manipulated to accumulate at regions of interest such as tumours. Next, the microrobots are “immolated” under laser irradiation to release their therapeutic cargoes and, by generating heat, to enhance drug extravasation through vascular barriers. As a coloaded agent, pirfenidone (PFD) can inhibit the formation of extracellular matrix and increase the penetration depth of chemodrugs in the solid tumour. It is demonstrated that this system effectively suppresses both primary and metastatic tumours in mouse models without evident side effects, and may represent a new class of intelligent biomimicking robots for biomedical applications.
Construction and application of standardized training effect evaluation system for new nurses in operating room
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Wei Yanshu , Pei Jin , Wu Xiaozhou
Published: December 2023

Background

This study aims to develop and validate a Structured Training Effectiveness Evaluation (STEE) tool based on the Kirkpatrick model for newly graduated registered nurses in the operating room in China.

Methods

The first phase will involve focus group and individual interviews with nursing educators and newly graduated registered nurses selected using purposive sampling. The data will be analyzed thematically to identify key components necessary to develop the STEE tool. The second phase will develop and validate the STEE tool through a panel of experts using the Delphi method. The item weights will be determined with the analytic hierarchy process technique. The third phase will involve implementation and evaluation of the STEE tool with an exploratory, nonexperimental, and comparative analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses will be performed with SPSS version 23.

Results

The STEE tool for newly graduated registered nurses in the operating room will be useful for evaluating training effectiveness during standardized training. The results obtained with this tool will clarify the effectiveness of training, thereby helping transform nursing students into competent nurses.

Conclusion

In this way, this study will provide practical guidance for improving standardized training programs and help newly graduated nurses manage their transition to the clinical work environment and remain in their posts.
Sedentary behaviour in Australian university students: The contribution of study‐related sedentary behaviour to total sedentary behaviour
Authors: Sutherland Casey A. , Cole Rachel L. , Kynn Mary , Gray Marion A.
Published: December 2023

Issue Addressed

Seated activities are attributed to increased sedentary behaviour (SB) and adverse health effects, but little is currently known about university students' SB, particularly study‐related SB. This study describes the sociodemographic variations of domain‐specific SB in regional Australian university students and the contribution of study‐related SB to total SB.

Methods

Self‐reported daily SBs from a cross‐sectional survey of 451 students were used. Domain‐specific and total SB were described within sub‐groups, and differences examined using independent t‐tests. Multinomial regression was used to examine the association of tertiles of duration in study‐related SB with total and other domain‐specific SBs.

Results

Study participants were a median age of 21 (19–25 years), mostly female (76%) and represented different years of study. On average, students spent 882 ± 292 min/day in total SB, with most SB occurring in the study, screen time and ‘other activity’ domains. No sociodemographic variations were found in total SB, but significantly higher study‐related SB were reported by students studying full time (p < .001) and who moved from their family home to study (p < .022). Study‐related SB contributed 36% of total SB, with students most sedentary during study having the highest total SB.

Conclusions

This study suggests university students have high levels of SB, primarily in the domains of study, screen time and other activities. SB reduction strategies in universities and targeting screen time, across various sociodemographic groups (e.g., gender, university enrolment status, and living arrangements), may be important in reducing SB in university students.

So What?

University students are highly sedentary and should be included in SB programs especially students studying full time and those who moved from their family home in the study domain.
A systematic review of early phase studies for children and young people with relapsed and refractory rhabdomyosarcoma: The REFoRMS‐SR project
Authors: Evans Connor , Shepherd Lucy , Bryan Gemma , Fulbright Helen , Crowther Scott , Wakeling Sara , Stewart Andy , Stewart Claire , Chisholm Julia , Gibson Faith , Phillips Bob , Morgan Jessica E.
Published: December 2023

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the commonest soft tissue sarcoma in children. Around one‐third of children with rhabdomyosarcoma experience relapse or have refractory disease, which is associated with a poor prognosis. This systematic review of early phase studies in pediatric relapsed/refractory rhabdomyosarcoma was conducted to inform future research and provide accurate information to families and clinicians making difficult treatment choices. Nine databases and five trial registries were searched in June 2021. Early phase studies of interventions for disease control in patients under 18 years old with relapsed/refractory rhabdomyosarcoma were eligible. No language/geographic restrictions were applied. Studies conducted after 2000 were included. Survival outcomes, response rates, quality of life and adverse event data were extracted. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment (Downs and Black Checklist) were conducted by two researchers. Owing to heterogeneity in the included studies, narrative synthesis was conducted. Of 16,965 records screened, 129 published studies including over 1100 relapsed/refractory rhabdomyosarcoma patients were eligible. Most studies evaluated systemic therapies. Where reported, 70% of studies reported a median progression‐free survival ≤6 months. Objective response rate was 21.6%. Adverse events were mostly hematological. One‐hundred and seven trial registry records of 99 studies were also eligible, 63 of which report they are currently recruiting. Study quality was limited by poor and inconsistent reporting. Outcomes for children with relapsed/refractory rhabdomyosarcoma who enroll on early phase studies are poor. Improving reporting quality and consistency would facilitate the synthesis of early phase studies in relapsed/refractory rhabdomyosarcoma (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021266254).
Poly(lactic acid/caprolactone) bilayer membrane achieves bone regeneration through a prolonged barrier function
Authors: Abe Gabriela L. , Sasaki Jun‐Ichi , Tsuboi Ririko , Kohno Tomoki , Kitagawa Haruaki , Imazato Satoshi
Published: December 2023

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a treatment strategy used to recover bone volume. Barrier membranes are a key component of GBR protocols, and their properties can impact treatment outcomes. This study investigated the efficacy of an experimental, slow‐degrading, bilayer barrier membrane for application in GBR using in vivo animal models. A synthetic copolymer of poly(lactic acid/caprolactone) (PLCL) was used to prepare a slow‐degrading bilayer membrane. The biodegradability of PLCL was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation in a rat model. The barrier function of the PLCL membrane was investigated in a rat calvaria defect model and compared with commercially available membranes composed of type I collagen (Col) and poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA). An alveolar bone defect model in beagle dogs was used to simulate GBR protocols to evaluate the bone regeneration ability of the experimental PLCL membrane. The PLCL membrane showed slow biodegradation, resulting in an efficient and prolonged barrier function compared with commercial materials. In turn, this barrier function enabled the space‐making ability of PLCL membrane and facilitated bone regeneration. In the alveolar bone defect model, significantly greater regeneration was achieved by treatment with PLCL membrane compared with Col and PLGA membranes. Additionally, a continuous alveolar ridge contour was observed in PLCL‐treated bone defects. In conclusion, the PLCL bilayer membrane is a promising biomaterial for use in GBR given its slow degradation and prolonged barrier function.
Engaging with the unknown: How Judaism enabled Freud's psychological discoveries
Authors: Jennings Jerry L.
Published: December 2023

A large literature has formed around the question of how Freud's Jewishness and/or Judaism influenced his psychological discoveries and development of psychoanalytic theory and methods. The article organizes the literature into several core theses but brings new clarity and insight by applying two essential criteria to demonstrate an impact of Judaism on Freud's thinking: direct content and historical timing. First, there should be evidence that Freud incorporated actual content from Jewish sources, and second, this incorporation must have occurred during the most crucial period of Freud's early discovery, conceptualization, and development of psychoanalysis, roughly 1893–1910. Thus, for example, Bakan's well‐known theory that Freud studied Kabbala is completely negated by the absence of any evidence in the required time period. Part I reviews the literature on the influence of Freud's ethnic/cultural Jewish identity. Part II introduces the Judaic sacred literature, explores Freud's education in Judaism and Hebrew, and presents evidence that Freud had the motive, means, and resources to discover and draw from the “Dream Segment” of the Talmud—along with the traditional Judaic methods and techniques of textual exegesis. Freud then applied these same Judaic word‐centered interpretive methods—used for revealing an invisible God—to revealing an invisible Unconscious in four successive books in 1900, 1901, and 1905.
Harvest graft substitute for soft tissue volume augmentation around existing implants: A randomized, controlled and blinded multicenter trial
Authors: Clem Donald S. , McClain Pamela K. , McGuire Michael K. , Richardson Chris R. , Santarelli Greg A. , Schallhorn Rachel A. , Scheyer E. Todd , Gunsolley John C. , Morelli Thiago
Published: December 2023

Background

Using a single‐blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter, practice‐based clinical trial, a volume‐stable collagen matrix (VCMX) was compared with connective tissue graft (CTG) for soft tissue augmentation around existing dental implants.

Methods

Sixty patients (31 VCMX and 31 CTG) were included. The primary outcome was a soft tissue thickness change 3 mm below the gingival margin (GM). Secondary outcomes included clinical measures, such as keratinized tissue widths (KTw), probing pocket depths, and pink esthetic scores, and patient‐reported outcomes (PRO).

Results

There were no significant differences between test and control patient demographics or clinical measures throughout the 1‐year study. VCMX “grafts” were by design larger than CTG, and surgery time was less (27% less, p = 0.0005). Three millimeters below the GM (primary endpoint), tissue thickness increase was noninferior for VCMX compared with CTG (0.93 ± 0.80 mm vs. 1.10 ± 0.51 mm, respectively), inferior (by 0.25 mm) at 1 mm, and noninferior at 5 mm. Postoperative pain was significantly less for VCMX patients (p < 0.0001), but all other PRO measures, including esthetics and satisfaction, improved similarly for both therapies.

Conclusions

Given the inclusion criteria for this study, namely soft tissue augmentation around existing implants with some evidence of KTw and minimal recession, VCMX provided soft tissue thickness and volume increases similar (noninferior) to CTG. Clinical measures and PRO were similar between therapies—site sensitivity and esthetics improved similarly for both therapies—but surgery time and pain following surgery were significantly less for VCMX.
The interaction between organizational communication and knowledge management: A systematic literature review
Authors: Cidade Daniela Firmino , Oliveira Mírian
Published: December 2023

The advance of digital technology has made it easier for organizations to connect with their stakeholders and increased the importance of communication departments, which are responsible for managing the knowledge held by the organization. This systematic review aims to explore how organizational communication (OC) and knowledge management (KM) intersect. In this research, a systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA recommendations. The collected data underwent content analysis using open and axial coding. The indicators show that internal communication and knowledge sharing (KS) processes are the most frequently studied areas in relation to the interaction between OC and KM. However, a few studies have explored any other processes, highlighting the need for more research in this area. The few studies that examine the interaction between KM and OC tend to focus solely on KS within companies. However, this study reveals the potential for KS to be applied to the communication and relationships between organizations and their stakeholders.
Can biochar conserve soil moisture and improve soil properties for sustainable intensification of acid soils in the Eastern Indian Himalayas?
Authors: Idapuganti Ramkrushna Gandhiji , Das Anup , Sungoh Heipormi , Layek Jayanta , Mandal Sandip , Verma Bibhash Chandra , Lal Rattan , Rangappa Krishnappa , Babu Subhash , Hazarika Samarendra
Published: December 2023

The marginal Himalayan ecosystems have great potential for biochar application for conserving soil moisture, ameliorating soil acidity, improving soil fertility, and thus, contributing to sustainable intensification. Thus, the efficacy of biochar was tested along with nutrient management practices (NMP) on the performance of maize (Zea mays L.)‐French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as the emerging cropping system in an acid soil under rainfed hill ecosystem. The rainy season maize was grown with three levels of biochar (0, 2.5, and 5 Mg ha−1, applied only once in the first year), and four NMP (100% recommended dose of fertilizer [RDF] [80:60:40 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha−1], 75% RDF, 75% RDF + 4 Mg ha−1 farm yard manure [FYM], and 50% RDF) under minimum tillage. After harvesting of maize, French bean was grown under no‐till with four NMP (100% RDF [50:60:40 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha1], 75% RDF, 75% RDF + 4 Mg ha−1 FYM, and 50% RDF). The soil properties after 3 years viz., soil moisture, soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, and available N, P, and K status were significantly improved under 5 Mg ha−1 biochar than no biochar. Among the NMP, 75% RDF + FYM and 100% RDF had higher soil moisture, water infiltration, pH, SOC concentrations, and available N, P, and K status than others. The interaction effect of 5 Mg ha−1 biochar and 75% RDF + 4 Mg ha−1 FYM registered the highest SOC content (15.7 g kg−1). Available N was the highest in soil under 75% RDF + 4 Mg ha−1 FYM whereas, available P in soil under 100% RDF. Application of 5 Mg ha−1 biochar produced significantly the highest mean grain yield of maize and succeeding French bean. The combined application of 100% RDF and biochar 5 Mg ha−1 produced the highest maize equivalent yield. Thus, 5 Mg ha−1 biochar and application of recommended fertilizers are suggested for sustaining soil fertility and sustainable intensification of rainfed hill agriculture under acidic soil.
Effect of spatial and temporal “drought legacy” on dust sources in adjacent ecoregions
Authors: Eibedingil Iyasu G. , Gill Thomas E. , Kandakji Tarek , Lee Jeffrey A. , Li Junran , Van Pelt R. Scott
Published: December 2023

Drought affects the occurrence and intensity of aeolian dust events in many ecoregions. This study investigated the effects of “drought legacy” (the cumulative temporal persistence of drought's consequences on the earth system) on dust generation, a topic which had not previously been evaluated. We investigated the potential dust/drought legacy relationship in the USA's Southern Great Plains and Chihuahuan Desert ecoregions over 14 years, including the 2011–2012 extreme drought, at spatial distances up to 100 km around dust point sources and for up to 5 years' drought history. At every temporal and spatial scale, drought levels associated with dust initiation points in the two ecoregions were significantly different. Chihuahuan Desert dust sources concentrated in areas of severe to extreme drought, while those in the Southern Great Plains, which experiences greater land use, spanned wider ranges of drought conditions. At short temporal scales of drought (1 week and 1 year), dust initiation in the Chihuahuan Desert was associated strongly with severe to exceptional drought conditions at all spatial extents, while Southern Great Plains dust sources were linked to lower drought intensities. For longer drought histories (the past 2 and 5 years), Chihuahuan Desert dust sources were connected with moderate to severe drought, while Southern Great Plains dust sources were linked to moderate drought, at all spatial extents. Drought's legacies, extending over multiple years and kilometer scales, are shown to have roles in subsequent dust events at regional scales, though they can be regionally modulated by land use practices and ecosystem characteristics.
Impediments to efficient land reallocation in agriculture: Multi‐agent simulation model of transaction costs and farm retirement
Authors: Ito Junichi
Published: December 2023

This study examines the effect of land exchanges among farm households (FHs) on agricultural sustainability and viability using a multi‐agent simulation model. The initial values of the model are fixed so that the simulation results might reproduce the sequence of land use pattern in Japanese agriculture. The novelty of this study is three‐fold. First, it quantitatively assesses the extent to which transaction costs incurred by lessors and lessees impede the sound development of land rental markets. Second, the simulation model considers inter‐regional heterogeneity in land use patterns and the interactive behavior of FHs regarding land exchanges. Third, the model elucidates the mechanisms by which the equilibrium land rent reaches zero and farmland is abandoned when some FHs retire from farming. Farmland abandonment has become a global phenomenon that has profoundly altered the traditional agricultural landscape in various countries. The present study suggests that the development of land rental markets associated with farm retirement alone does not strengthen agricultural production capacity at the national level. Particularly, if FH retirement progresses to the point where the equilibrium land rent drops to zero, farmland abandonment occurs, which threatens agricultural sustainability and viability. This study concludes that preventing farmland abandonment is a policy issue of the highest priority to ensure global food security and the sustainable development of agriculture.
Preparation of Thermoresponsive Microgels from Acrylamide and Diacetone Acrylamide with Adjustable Responsive Temperature and Size via Precipitation Polymerization
Authors: Chen Yuzhu , Li Xingdi , Zheng Chao
Published: December 2023

Thermoresponsive microgels are a kind of soft and wet material exhibiting various potential applications such as smart windows. As a concept of proof, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) based thermoresponsive microgel shows excellent promise in thermochoromic smart windows. While relatively expensive monomers lead to an unacceptable cost when they are used as building materials. In this work, efforts are made to exploration of an alternative for poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) reducing the cost of thermoresponsive microgels. For this purpose, industrial chemicals acrylamide (AM) and diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) are employed to synthesize microgels through free radical precipitation polymerization. Although both homopolymers of acrylamide and diacetone acrylamide are not thermoresponsive. Their copolymers exhibit typical lower solution temperature solution (LCST) behaviors, which confirm the feasibility of the envisaged. Further, the influence of synthetic conditions including monomer ratio, concentration of surfactant, and polymerization temperature, on the size and responsive temperature of microgels is investigated. Ultimately, cost‐effective thermoresponsive microgels are prepared with adjustable diameters from 1.6 to 4.5 µm and responsive temperature from 19.3 to ≈70.0 °C.
Label‐free Raman spectroscopy for the assessment of liver fibrosis
Authors: Cao Huiying , Ma Chen , Wu Zhitao , Sun Lin , Liu Wenjing , Ma Chenhui , Chen Feihong , Peng Zhaoliang , Xuan Lijiang , Huang Ruimin , Pan Guoyu
Published: December 2023

The enormous incidence and dire consequences of liver fibrosis highlight the need for biologically plausible markers as readouts of pathology and drug efficacy. The classic reference standard for diagnosis of liver fibrosis is histopathological examinations. However, it is burdened by time‐consuming steps, subjectivity, and the static nature of information. Raman spectroscopy is a rapid, objective, and label‐free analytical tool that provides numerous molecular information. Thus, we utilized Raman spectroscopy to characterize the pathological features of liver fibrosis and to evaluate the efficacy of drugs (obeticholic acid [OCA] and gigantol [YS30]). Principal component analysis with subsequent linear discriminant analysis could basically discriminate between fibrotic mice and healthy controls and showed that animals with OCA or YS30 treatment resembled those with vehicle treatment. Moreover, we identified several potential biomarkers, including cytochrome C, for liver fibrosis development based on their Raman “fingerprints.” Raman imaging provided quantitative and spatial distribution of collagen and cytochrome C in situ. In addition, we demonstrated the role of OCA or YS30 in revitalizing mitochondrial function to alleviate liver fibrosis using Raman spectroscopy. Collectively, Raman spectroscopy succeeded in tracking liver fibrosis progression, assessing drug efficacy, and yielding significant molecular information useful for quantitatively linking pathological assessment and mechanism of drug action.
APA poll: Demand for care, worker burnout, putting strain on psychologists
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2023

Patients presenting with worsening symptoms, increased length of treatment course and longer wait lists are some of the challenges many psychologists are facing, according to a new survey conducted by the American Psychological Association (APA). Additionally, more than one‐third of psychologists report that they are burned out, despite engaging in self‐care.
BH apps seen as way to support workforce, good outcomes
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2023

Behavioral health apps are emerging as an essential way of supporting mental health and well‐being in patients, along with increasing care access and improving outcomes, according to presenters during a webinar hosted last month by The College for Behavioral Health Leadership. The use of such apps is increasing in importance, especially given the current workforce crisis, they agreed.