bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Plyometric and Whole-body Vibration on Physical Performance in Collegiate Basketball Players: A Crossover Randomized Trial
Authors: Munshi Pratyakshi , Khan Moazzam Hussain , Nuhmani Shibili , Anwer Shahnawaz , Li Heng , Alghadir Ahmad H
Published: December 2020

BackgroundWhile many studies suggested the effects of plyometric and whole-body vibration exercises on post-activation potentiation, few studies have compared the acute effects of plyometric and whole-body vibration on the occurrence of post-activation potentiation. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the acute effects of plyometric and whole-body vibration exercises on postactivation potentiation in collegiate basketball players.MethodsTwenty-four collegiate basketball players (Age 20.8 ± 2.02 Y, height 1.79 ± 0.7 m, weight 71.2 ± 7.6 kg, and body mass index 22.00 ± 1.49 kg/m2) participated in this randomized crossover study. Subjects were received both plyometric and whole-body vibration exercises after 48-hour washed-out period. Countermovement Jump height, sprint, and agility time were measured at baseline, 4- and 12-minute post-plyometric and whole-body vibration exercises. ResultsThe result suggests a positive effect of both the plyometric and whole-body vibration exercises on countermovement jump and agility time (p = 0.001). While the countermovement jump height and agility were higher in the plyometric group (mean difference 1.60 cm and 0.16 sec, respectively), the sprint performance was higher in the whole-body vibration group (mean difference 0.28 sec). However, these differences were statistically nonsignificant between the two groups (p > 0.05 ).ConclusionsThis study suggests that both plyometric and whole-body vibration exercises may improve postactivation potentiation, which leads to a better physical performance.Trial registrationCTRI/2019/05/019059. Registered with the Clinical trials registry, India on 10th May, 2019. http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/advsearch.php
Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Effect of Poor Blood Glucose Control on Left Ventricular Function and Ascending Aorta Elasticity
Authors: Song Xiang-Ting , Fan Li , Yan Zi-Ning , Rui Yi-Fei
Published: December 2020

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with high cardiovascular risk. Preclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and subclinical arterial stiffness have been documented in patients with T2DM. The aims of this study were to investigate whether there was any differences in LV function and ascending aorta elasticity between T2DM patients with controlled [defined as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5%] and uncontrolled (HbA1c ≥6.5%) blood glucose.Methods: We studied 86 T2DM patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF) whom be divided into two groups: 42 T2DM patients with controlled blood glucose (controlled T2DM group) and 44 T2DM patients with uncontrolled blood glucose (uncontrolled T2DM group), and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects as controls. They all underwent transthoracic echocardiography examination, LV systolic function was evaluated by global longitudinal strain (GLS) measured using three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. LV diastolic function was defined as the ratio of the early diastolic transmitral flow velocities (E) to average mitral annular velocity (ȇ), and E/ȇ >14 was determined as abnormal. Ascending aorta inner diameters and brachial blood pressure were measured to calculate ascending aorta elastic parameters: compliance (C), distensibility (D), strain (S), stiffness index (SI), Peterson’s elastic modulus (EM).Results: Compared to controls, patients with T2DM had reduced GLS, increased E/ȇ and impaired ascending aorta elasticity. Furthermore, LV function and ascending aorta elasticity were more severely damaged in uncontrolled T2DM group compared with controlled T2DM group. By Pearson correlation analysis, the level of HbA1c was independently associated with the parameters of the LV function and ascending aorta elasticity.Conclusions: T2DM can impair LV myocardial function and ascending aorta elastic properties. Poor blood glucose control can lead to further damage to LV function and elasticity of the ascending aorta.
Prenatal Transplantation of Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Could Improve Clinical Outcome of Type III Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Shaw Steven W. , Peng Shao-Yu , Liang Ching-Chung , Lin Tzu-Yi , Cheng Po-Jen , Hsieh T'sang-T'ang , Chuang Hao-Yu , Coppi Paolo De , David Anna L.
Published: December 2020

BackgroundType III spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a single gene disorder affecting motor function in uterus. Several types of stem cells were utilized to ameliorate SMA based on its capability of regeneration and differentiation. Amniotic fluid is an alternative source of stem cells and is safely sampled without ethical issues. Human amniotic fluid stem cell (hAFSC) shared common surface markers of mesenchymal stem cell. Therefore, this study aims to examine the therapeutic potential of hAFSC for SMA. MethodsOur SMA model mice were generated by deletion of exon 7 of Smn gene and knock-in of human SMN2. A total of 16 SMA model mice were injected with 1x105 hAFSC in uterus, and the other 16 mice served as the negative control. Motor function was analyzed by Rotarod maintenance test, tilting test and grasping test every two months. Twelve months after transplantation, all organs were extracted for post-mortem analysis. Engraftment of hAFSC in organs were assessed by flow cytometry and RNA scope. To observe the function of neuromuscular junction, frequency of myocytes, neurons and innervated receptors were estimated by H&E, methylene blue and immunocytochemistry staining. ResultsWith hAFSC transplantation, 15 fetuses from 5 dams survived (15 of 16, 93.75% survival) and showed better performance in all three motor function tests. Higher engraftment frequency in organs were observed in muscle and liver after hAFSC transplantation. Besides, the muscle of SMA mice with hAFSC transplantation expressed much laminin α and PAX-7. Significantly higher frequency of myocytes, neurons and innervated receptors were observed after hAFSC transplantation. ConclusionsIn our study, hAFSC engrafted on neuromuscular organs and improved cellular and behavioral outcomes of SMA model mice. This fetal therapy could preserve the time window and treat in the uterus to avoid irreversible damage.
Factors related to Pregnancy Outcome Among Lebanese Women During COVID-19 Confinement
Authors: Haddad Chadia , Malhab Sandrella Bou , Sacre Hala , Malaeb Diana , Azzi Joelle , Khachman Dalia , Lahoud Nathalie , Salameh Pascale
Published: December 2020

Background: During the coronavirus disease confinement, couples are likely to spend more free time together at home, which could have a positive impact on the amount and level of intimacy. However, home confinement and lockdowns have created challenges and vulnerabilities, causing relevant changes in sexual health and couple stability, particularly in women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the socio-economic and psychological factors related to current pregnancy status and unwanted pregnancy among a sample of Lebanese women during the COVID-19 lockdown.Methods: A cross-sectional online-based study was conducted between June 8 and August 1, 2020, among 369 Lebanese women. The questionnaire developed on Google Forms was distributed through social media and WhatsApp groups, using the snowball technique. The current pregnancy status and unwanted pregnancy were assessed using binary questions (Yes/No).Results: Our results showed that 11.1% of women were pregnant, of whom 22.0% reported unwanted pregnancies. Having children (ORa=0.183) and using contraceptives (ORa=0.231) were at lower odds of getting pregnant. Higher psychological violence would negatively affect pregnancy, but the association tended to significance (p=0.065). Also, regular visits to the physician for routine checkups (ORa=0.053) were significantly associated with lower odds of unwanted pregnancy. Higher psychological violence would affect unwanted pregnancy; however, the association tended to significance (p=0.056). Conclusion: Our main findings indicate that women of younger age, smoking less, and never working were at a higher probability of being pregnant. Furthermore, psychological violence tended to be an associated factor for current pregnancy status and unwanted pregnancy. More information and awareness are needed to encourage women to conceive and maintain their well-being during a pandemic.
Men’s Sheds as Community-based Health Promotion for Men Aged 50 Plus (MASH): Protocol for a Mixed-methods Systematic Review
Authors: Albrecht Birte , Foettinger Linda , Bammann Karin
Published: December 2020

Background Men are exposed to different health risks than women. For instance, older men have an increased risk of social isolation. At the same time, they are less likely to participate in health promotion interventions and there is a lack of men-specific interventions. Men’s sheds are a concept of community-based health promotion for older men where they can engage in joint activities. Prior research revealed various health-related effects of men’s sheds, such as reduced social isolation and improved psychological well-being. Yet, only two reviews conducted in 2013 are available which both found an insufficient evidence base. Since the wider implementation of men’s sheds is a recent phenomenon, and most of the literature on men’s sheds has been published after 2013, a mixed-methods systematic review will be conducted to strengthen the current evidence base of men’s sheds by analysing their effectiveness regarding self-rated health, subjective well-being, and social isolation. Moreover, information on how to successfully implement men’s sheds will be gathered. Methods This mixed-methods systematic review will follow the guidelines of The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The databases Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, OpenGrey, and the websites of men’s sheds associations will be searched for publications. Additionally, a hand-search in the reference lists of the included publications will be conducted. Qualitative and quantitative studies published in English, German, or French will be considered for inclusion. The quality of the selected studies will be assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklists. Following the convergent segregated approach, the data synthesis will be undertaken independently, and subsequently combined in a mixed-methods data synthesis.Discussion The results of this systematic review will lead to a comprehensive understanding of the current evidence base regarding the effectiveness of men’s sheds. Furthermore, they will provide useful implications for the implementation of men’s sheds. Systematic review registration The systematic review is registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number forthcoming).
Procedure and Patient-Related Risk Factors for Post-ERCP Pancreatitis Associated with Prophylactic Pancreatic Stent and Rectal Indomethacin
Authors: Ghalehnoei Hossein , Hormati Ahmad , Alizadeh Amir Houshang Mohammad , Ahmadpour Sajjad , Abedi Hassan
Published: December 2020

Background: Pancreatitis is one of the most crucial complications following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The purpose of the current study was to investigate a potential procedure and patient-related risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) in two groups: prophylactic pancreatic stent and rectal indomethacin.Methods: Two different prophylactic modalities were planned and complications were assessed based on defined inclusion criteria. In this study, the patients were evaluated for the procedure and patient-related risk factors in post-ERCP pancreatitis in the recipient groups of the prophylactic pancreatic stent or rectal indomethacin.Results: Pancreatitis was confirmed in 27 of all 175 selected patients after ERCP. By univariate analysis, two variables were significant with the development of PEP. Regarding the patient-related risk factors, unique subjects with common bile duct(CBD) dilated 10mm were more exposed to an increased chance of PEP (p=0. 015); meanwhile, other factors didn’t correlate with the increased possibility of PEP in both groups. The only procedure-related risk factor for PEP was deep cannulation of the pancreatic duct in both groups during the procedure with an incremental significant incidence of pancreatitis (p=0.005). Prophylactic pancreatic stent and rectal indomethacin showed no effects on reducing post ERCP pancreatitis. Additionally, there was no significant difference between these two strategies in the rate of PEP.Conclusion: Prophylactic pancreatic duct stents and administration of rectal indomethacin cannot have particular methods for reducing the occurrence of PEP. The increase in time of deep cannulation and the presence of CBD dilation <10mm could be considered as important risk factors.
Kirschner Wire as a Reference Marker for the Positioning of a Syndesmotic Screw: A Radiological Study
Authors: zhang congming , Wang Qian , Duan Ning , Ma Teng , Xuan Hangzhong , Zhang Kun , Li Zhong
Published: December 2020

Background: Without a reliable and static reference, the rate of eccentrically positioned distal syndesmotic screw trajectories is very high. Meanwhile, a malpositioned screw may result in poor outcomes and early osteoarthritis. As such, this article describes an additional method to improve surgeons’ ability to ideally place a screw trajectory. The purposes of our study were (1) to determine if an ideal space at 2.5 cm proximal to the plafond existed between the tibia and fibula for the placement of a Kirschner (K) wire and (2) to detect if it could act as a reliable and static fibular incisura plane reference.Methods: Computed tomography scans of 42 uninjured adult ankles with foot fractures were analysed to measure the tibiofibular vertical distance (TFVD) at 2.5 cm proximal to the tibial plafond on cross-sectional images. The TFVD was defined as the distance between two lines: Line 1 was tangent to the fibular incisura, and Line 2 was parallel to Line 1 along the medial border of the fibula. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to our TFVD data: 0–1, 1–2, 2–3, and 3–4 mm, and the number of patients in each group was counted.Results: The TFVD measured 2.23±1.01 mm (mean ± standard deviation) at 2.5 cm proximal to the plafond. According to our grouping, TFVD occurred at 25% of the distance from 2 to 3 mm in 47.6% of patients. Conclusions: Placing a 1.6-mm K-wire in the syndesmosis at 2.5 cm proximal to the tibial plafond is easy because of emerging TFVDs. The K-wire’s path is restricted to the anterior and posterior borders of the fibular incisura pass because of the limitation of the medial border of the fibula and syndesmosis tendon. Therefore, K-wire could be used as a reliable and static intraoperative reference of the fibular incisura plane through which surgeons can accurately place a screw trajectory.
Age Impacts the Local Immune Response to Tuberculin Skin Challenge in Mycobacterium Bovis BCG-vaccinated Baboons
Authors: Scordo Julia Marianna , Piergallini Tucker J. , Reuter Nicole D , Headley Colwyn A. , Hodara Vida L. , Gonzalez Olga , Giavedoni Luis D. , Papin James F. , Turner Joanne
Published: December 2020

Background - Individuals over the age of 65 are highly susceptible to infectious diseases, which account for one-third of deaths in this age group. Vaccines are a primary tool to combat infection, yet they are less effective in the elderly population. While many groups have aimed to address this problem by studying vaccine-induced peripheral blood responses in the elderly, work from our lab and others demonstrate that immune responses to vaccination and infectious challenge may differ between tissue sites and the periphery. To improve health outcomes in our aged population, we must study vaccine responses in the tissue. Here we established an in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity model of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination and tuberculin skin test (TST) in adult and aged baboons. Vaccination generates BCG-specific immune cells that are recruited to the skin upon tuberculin challenge. We tested short-term recall responses (8 weeks post-vaccination) and long term recall responses (25 weeks post-vaccination) by performing skin punch biopsies around the site of tuberculin injection. In parallel, we determined BCG-induced responses in the peripheral blood of vaccinated animals. Results - In short term recall responses, we found increased oxidation and decreased production of immune proteins in aged baboon skin at the site of TST challenge, in comparison to adult skin. Differences between adult and aged animals normalized in the long term response to tuberculin. Phenotypic analysis of aged peripheral blood cells found several age-related changes in immune cell populations, independent of BCG vaccination, and no impairment in functional responses. Moreover, aged peripheral blood mononuclear cells had increased migration in vitro, suggesting that age-related changes in the tissue in vivo impairs aged immune recall responses to antigenic challenge. Conclusions - These findings highlight the impact of age-associated changes in the local tissue environment in memory recall responses, which may be more broadly applied to the study of other tissues. Moreover, these findings should be considered in future studies aimed at understanding and improving aging immune responses to vaccination and tissue challenge.
A case report of triple primary malignant tumors including breast,cervical and thyroid cancers with CHEK2 and PIK3CA mutation
Authors: Xiao Ruoxi , Wang Shasha , Sun Libin , Zhang Yongchun , Li Hui , Wang Gongjun , Liu Zhao , Qi Weiwei , Qiu Wensheng
Published: December 2020

IntroductionTo the best of our knowledge the combination of multiple synchronous primary malignant tumors which involves breast carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma and cervical carcinoma has not been previously reported.Case reportHerein, we report a 47-year-old female who was diagnosed with multiple synchronous primary malignancies: cervical squamous-cell carcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma of left breast, papillary carcinoma of the left thyroid gland and had a gene mutation of both CHEK2 and PIK3CA. We adopted a comprehensive treatment approach .ConclusionWhen a cancer patient presents with the clinical manifestation of another tumor, the possibility of synchronous occurrence of multiple primary malignant tumors, as well as tumor metastasis should be considered. In addition, the follow-up time of patients with malignant tumors should be extended, because timely detection and treatment of more primary malignancies may extend the survival time of patients and improve their quality of life.
Increasing Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibodies against Two Lineages of Type B Influenza Virus in 2017-2018 Winter Season in Beijing, China
Authors: Yao Yao , CHEN Lingling , ZHU Dong , LI Runqing , ZHAO Zhipeng , SONG Wenqi , Zhao Xiuying , Qin Kun
Published: December 2020

Influenza virus circulates every year with lower activity than that of influenza A virus in China. During 2017 to 2018 winter season, a sharp surge of influenza activity dominated by type B/Yamagata lineage virus caused unprecedented medical burden in Beijing. The research aimed to understand the underlying mechanism for this circulation and be prepared for epidemics in the future. Sera samples collected from the patients in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 flu seasons were tested for profiling hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) antibodies against both prevailing Victoria and Yamagata lineages of type B influenza viruses. It showed that the seroprevalence against both lineages of the virus in 2017-2018 winter was higher than that in 2016-2017, while no difference of the seroprevalence was observed between the two viruses. Meanwhile, significant elevated geometric mean titer (GMT) against both lineages of influenza B viruses was found in the specimens collected during 2017-2018 flu season than that from 2016-2017, suggesting the viruses might undergo antigenic changes. These results also suggested that lower GMT against both type B variants in 2016-2017 might serve as an immunological niche for the dominating of B/Yamagata virus in China during 2017-2018 winter season. Our findings have implication that there was a significantly elevation of HI antibodies to influenza viruses B in 2017-2018, compared in 2016-2017. On the other hand, the low level of HI antibodies to both B/Y and B/V in 2016-2017 could contribute to the severe B/Y epidemic in 2017-2018 to some extent.
Monitoring Treatment Response In Patients Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Uterine Cervical Carcinoma Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Imaging: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Qin Lan-hui , He Feng-yi , Wen Shuang , Xiang Yan-han , Wei Yan-sha , Liao Jin-yuan , Liu Jiaming
Published: December 2020

Background: To the best of our knowledge, there are no systematic reviews or meta-analyses on the use of IVIM to assess treatment response of cervical cancer patients undergoing CCRT. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the role and optimal parameters of intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) for evaluating treatment response in patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for uterine cervical cancer.Methods: We searched the PubMed, PMC, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Ovid databases. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction, checked patient inclusion criteria, conducted the imaging protocols and follow-up for treatment response, recorded IVIM parameters, and performed quality assessment.Results: Six studies with 237 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The mean patient age ranged between 47 and 69 years. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging varied from Ib1 to IVb. The pooled mean values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), tissue diffusion (D), and perfusion fraction (f) were 0.51, 0.18, and 6.24, respectively, in the complete response (CR) group, while the values were 0.38, 0.16, and 5.84, respectively, in the non-complete response (non-CR) group. In the subgroup meta-analysis, the ADC and D values in the CR group were higher compared to the non-CR group. Similarly, the incremental increase in f values in the CR group was higher compared to the non-CR groups (3.26, 5.84). All studies had a higher risk of bias in quality assessment due to study confounding and attrition.Conclusions: IVIM could be used to monitor the pre- and post-treatment response of cervical cancer patients undergoing CCRT. Early response assessment could begin 1 week after CCRT. However, we were unable to determine the optimal IVIM parameter from our analysis.
Normal Faulting Movement During the 2020 Mw 6.4 Yutian Earthquake: A Shallow Rupture in NW Tibet Revealed by Geodetic Measurements
Authors: Yu Jiansheng , Wang Dongzhen , Zhao Bin , Qi Li
Published: December 2020

The ENE striking Longmu Co fault and the North Altyn Tagh left-lateral slip fault have led to the complex regional structure in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau, resulting in a series of normal faulting and strike slip faulting earthquakes. Using both the ascending and descending Sentinel-1A/B radar images, we depict the coseismic deformation caused by the 2020 Yutian Mw 6.4 earthquake with a peak subsidence of ~20 cm. We determine the seismogenic fault geometry by applying the Bayesian approach with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling method, which enables us to find the posterior probability density functions of the source model parameters. The estimation results reveal that the earthquake have dominantly by normal slip with moderate strike slip component. Based on the optimal fault geometry model, we extend the fault plane and invert for the finite fault model dislocation, which indicate that the slip is mainly concentrated at a shallow focal depth of 3–10 km with a maximum slip of ~1.0 m. Our preferred geodetic coseismic model exhibits no surface rupture, which may likely due to the shallow slip deficit in the uppermost crust. We calculate the combined loading effect of the Coulomb failure stress changes induced by the coseismic dislocations and postseismic viscoelastic relaxation of the 2008 Mw 7.1 and 2014 Mw 6.9 Yutian events. Our study demonstrates that the two preceding major Yutian shocks were insufficient to trigger the 2020 Yutian earthquake, which we consider perhaps reflects the natural release of elastic strain accumulated mainly through localized tectonic movement. We attribute the 2020 Yutian event to the release of extensional stress in a stepover zone controlled by the Longmu Co and the North Altyn Tagh sinistral strike slip fault systems. The seismic risk in the southwest end of the North Altyn Tagh fault has been elevated by the Yutian earthquake sequences, which require future attention.
The use of inappropriate anal douching tool associates with increased HIV infection among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in Shenyang, China
Authors: Chu ZhenXing , Shen Guangquan , Hu Qinghai , Wang Hongyi , Zhang Jing , Dong Willa , Jiang Yongjun , Geng Wenqing , Shang Hong , Xu Junjie
Published: December 2020

Background: Rectal douching (RD) is widely practiced by men who have sex with men (MSM), and is associated with increased risk of HIV infection. However, the mechanism of how RD increases the risk of HIV infection is not well understood, and there is limited data on RD behavior in MSM practicing anal sex in China. We examine the purpose of RD, its timing in relation to anal sex, the types of RD products used, and risky sexual behaviors among MSM reporting anal sex.Methods: Between August 2017 and December 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted among adult MSM in Shenyang, China. Data were collected on demographics, sexual behaviors, and RD for the most recent sexual intercourse by means of interviewer-administered face-to-face questionnaires. Blood samples were collected to test for antibodies to HIV and syphilis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors associated with HIV infection.Results: A total of 515 eligible MSM participated in this survey (median age: 31 years). During the most recent anal intercourse, 28.3% (146/515) had condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI), 21.4% (110/515) practiced serosorting, and more than half (61.6%, 317/515) reported RD before or after anal sex. Of those practicing RD, 96.8% (307/317) conducted RD before sex, while 62.5% (198/317) conducted RD after sex. The douching devices used were primarily shower hoses (85.3%, 262/307), and relatively few MSM used commercial RD products (8.1%, 25/307) before sex. The prevalence of HIV-1 and syphilis was 11.7% and 13.2%, respectively. HIV infection was positively associated with RD (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-5.5), practicing RD before sex (AOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2–4.3), practicing RD after sex (AOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0–3.1), using a shower hose for RD (AOR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1–13.0), CRAI (AOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6–5.5), and an interaction effect of RD and CRAI (AOR = 4.2; 95 % CI, 2.2- 8.1) in the most recent anal intercourse.Conclusions: RD is popular among Chinese MSM. Improper noncommercial RD tools use (such as shower hose), the interaction effect between RD and CRAI associated with HIV infection. Public health workers and the MSM community should publicize scientific knowledge and prevention approaches relating to RD and HIV transmission to MSM. We recommend that further studies should be conducted to understand the detailed mechanism between RD and increased HIV prevalence.
Masculinity and Mental Health Treatment Initiation for Former Political Prisoners in Yangon, Myanmar – A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Lakin Daniel Paul , Win Kyaw Soe , Aung Htin , Soe Khin Nyein Chan , Kyi Bo , Marcell Arik V. , Tol Wietse A , Bass Judith K
Published: December 2020

Background Men living in low- and middle-income countries are unlikely to seek mental health care, where poor healthcare infrastructure, differences in illness conceptualization, and stigma can impact treatment seeking. Vulnerable groups, such as former political prisoners, are more likely than others to experience potentially traumatic events that may lead to negative mental health outcomes. To improve the likelihood of successful engagement of vulnerable men in psychotherapy, it is necessary to identify factors that influence treatment adherence, and to better understand men’s attitudes surrounding decisions to seek and initiate care. The purpose of this investigation was to explore themes of masculinity, treatment seeking, and differences between male former political prisoners who accepted and declined therapy in an urban low-income context. Methods We conducted a qualitative, interview-based investigation with 30 former political prisoners in Yangon, Myanmar who were eligible to receive mental health counseling provided by the non-governmental organization (NGO), Assistance Association for Political Prisoners. Men were initially screened using a composite questionnaire with items related to depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptom severity. After screening, if potential clients were identified as having probable mental health problems, they were asked if they would like to participate in a multi-session cognitive behavioral therapy program. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with 15 participants who accepted and 15 participants who declined therapy. Interviews were transcribed and translated by local partners and thematically coded by the authors. We used thematic analysis to identify and explore differences in treatment-seeking attitudes between men who accepted and men who declined the intervention.Results Men described that being a community leader, self-reliance, morality, and honesty were defining characteristics of masculinity. A focus on self-correction often led to declining psychotherapy. A general lack of familiarity with psychological therapy and how it differed from locally available treatments (e.g. astrologists) was connected to stigma regarding mental health treatment.Conclusions Masculinity was described in similar terms by both groups of participants. The interpretation of masculine qualities within the context of help-seeking (e.g. self-reliance as refusing help from others versus listening to others and applying that guidance) was a driving factor behind men’s decision to enter psychotherapy.
Transcriptome sequencing and metabolome analysis of food habits domestication from live prey fish to artificial diets in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)
Authors: He Shan , You Jun-Jie , Liang Xu-Fang , Zhang Zhi-Lu , Zhang Yan-Peng
Published: December 2020

Background: As economical traits, food habits domestication can reduce production cost in aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanism underlying food habits domestication has remained elusive. Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) only feed on live prey fish and refuse artificial diets. In the present study, we domesticated mandarin fish to feed on artificial diets. The two groups were obtained, the fish did not eat artificial diets or ate artificial diets during all of the three domestication processes, named Group W or X, respectively. Results: Using transcriptome and metabolome analysis, we investigated the differentially expressed genes and metabolites between the two groups, and found three common pathways related to food habit domestication, including retinol metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathways. Furthermore, the western blotting and bisulfite sequencing PCR analysis were performed. The gene expression of TFIIF and histone methyltransferase ezh1 were significantly increased and decreased in the fish of Group X, respectively. The total DNA methylation levels of TFIIF gene and tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) were significantly higher and lower in the fish of Group X, respectively. Conclusion: It was speculated that mandarin fish which could feed on artificial diets, might be attributed to the lower expression of ezh1, resulting in the decreased level of H3K27me3 and increased level of DNA methylation of TFIIF gene. The high expression of TFIIF gene might up-regulate the expression of genes in retinol metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism and glycerophosphoric metabolism pathways. Our study indicated the relationship between the methylation of DNA and histone and food habits domestication, which might be a novel molecular mechanism of food habits domestication in animals.
Implementation fidelity of nutritional counselling, Iron and Folic Acid supplementation guidelines and associated challenges in rural Uasin Gishu County Kenya
Authors: Riang'a Roselyter Monchari , Nangulu Anne Kisaka , Broerse Jacqueline E.W.
Published: December 2020

Background Implementation fidelity which is defined as the degree to which programmes are implemented as intended is one of the factors that affect programme outcome, thus requiring careful examination. This study aims to acquire insight into the degree to which nutritional counselling and Iron and Folic Acid supplementation (IFAs) policy guidelines during pregnancy have been implemented as intended and the challenges to implementation fidelity. Methods Data were collected in rural Uasin Gishu County in the western part of Kenya through document analysis, questionnaires among intervention recipients (n=188) and semi-structured interviews with programme implementers (n=6). Data collection and analysis were guided by an implementation fidelity framework. We specifically evaluated adherence to intervention design (content, frequency, duration and coverage), exposure or dosage, quality of delivery and participant responsiveness. Results Coverage of nutritional counselling and IFAs policy is widespread. However, partial provision was reported in all the intervention components. Only 10% accessed intervention within the first trimester as recommended by policy guidelines, only 28% reported receiving nutritional counselling, only 18% and 15% of the respondents received 90 or more iron and folic acid pills respectively during their entire pregnancy period, and 66% completed taking the IFAs pills that were issued to them. Late initial bookings to antenatal care, drug stock shortage, staff shortage and long queues, confusing dosage instructions, side effects of the pills and issuing of many pills at one go, were established to be the main challenges to effective implementation fidelity. Anticipated health consequences and emphasis by the health officer to comply with instructions were established to be motivations for adherence to nutritional counselling and IFAs guidelines. Conclusions Implementation fidelity of nutritional counselling and IFAs policy in Kenya is generally weak. There is need for approaches to enhance early access to interventions, enhance stock availability, provide mitigation measures for the side effects, as well as intensify nutritional counselling to promote the consumption of micronutrient-rich food sources available in the local environment to substitute for the shortage of nutritional supplements and low compliance to IFAs.
Plant Community Analysis along Environmental Gradients in Moist Afromontane Forest of Gerba Dima, South-western Ethiopia
Authors: Hundie Abyot Dibaba , Urgessa Teshome Soromessa , Dullo Bikila Warkineh
Published: December 2020

Background: This study was carried out in Gerba Dima Forest, South-Western Ethiopia, to determine the floristic composition, species diversity and community types along environmental gradients. Ninety sample plots having a size of 25 X 25m (625m 2 ) were laid by employing stratified random sampling. Nested plots were used to sample plants of different sizes and different environmental variables. All woody plant species with Diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 2.5 cm and height ≥ 1.5m were recorded in 25 m X 25 m plots. Within the major plots, five 3m x 3m subplots (9m 2 ) was used to collect shrubs with dbh < 2.5 cm and > 1.5m height. Within each 9m 2 subplots, two 1m 2 subplots were used to collect data on the species and abundance of herbaceous plants. Hierarchical (agglomerative) cluster analysis was performed using the free statistical software R version 3.6.1 using package cluster to classify the vegetation into plant community types. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) ordination was used in describing the pattern of plant communities along an environmental gradient. Result: One hundred and eighty plant species belonging to 145 genera, 69 families and comprising of 15 endemic species were recorded. Cluster analysis resulted in five different plant communities and this result was supported by the ordination result. RDA result showed altitude was the main environmental variable in determining the plant communities. The ANOVA test indicated that the five community types differ significantly from each other with regard to EC and K. Conclusions: The studied forest can play a significant role in biodiversity conservation since it harbours high species diversity and richness. Thus, all Stakeholders including Oromia Forest and wildlife enterprise (OFWE) and the regional government should work to designate the forest as a biosphere reserve and being registered under UNESCO. Keyword s: Gerba Dima; Indicator species; Moist Afromontane Forest; Species diversity
Genome-wide association analysis reveals genetic variations and candidate genes associated with salt tolerance related traits in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Xu Peng , Guo Qi , Meng Shan , Zhang Xianggui , Xu Zhenzhen , Guo Wangzhen , Shen Xinlian
Published: December 2020

Background: Cotton is more resistant to salt and drought stresses as compared to other field crops, which makes itself as a pioneer industrial crop in saline-alkali lands. However, abiotic stresses still negatively affect its growth and development significantly. It is therefore important to breed salt tolerance varieties which can help accelerate the improvement of cotton production. The development of molecular markers linked to causal genes has provided an effective and efficient approach for improving salt tolerance. Results: In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of salt tolerance related traits at seedling stage was performed based on two years of phenotype identification for 217 representative upland cotton cultivars by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) platform. A total of 51,060 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) unevenly distributed among 26 chromosomes were screened across the cotton cultivars, and 25 associations with 27 SNPs scattered over 12 chromosomes were detected significantly (-log10p>4) associated with three salt tolerance related traits in 2016 and 2017. Among these, the associations on chromosome A13 and D08 for relative plant height (RPH), A07 for relative shoot fresh matter weight (RSFW), A08 and A13 for relative shoot dry matter weight (RSDW) were expressed in both environments, indicating that they were likely to be stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs). A total of 12 salt-induced candidate genes were identified differentially expressed by the combination of GWAS and transcriptome analysis. Three promising genes were selected for preliminary function verification of salt tolerance. The increase of GH_A13G0171-silenced plants in salt related traits under salt stress indicated its negative function in regulating the salt stress response. Conclusions: These results provided important genetic variations and candidate genes for accelerating the improvement of salt tolerance in cotton.
Estimating malaria incidence from routine health facility-based surveillance data in Uganda
Authors: Epstein Adrienne , Namuganga Jane Frances , Kamya Emmanuel Victor , Nankabirwa Joaniter I , Bhatt Samir , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Staedke Sarah G , Kamya Moses R , Dorsey Grant , Greenhouse Bryan
Published: December 2020

Background Accurate measures of malaria incidence are essential to track progress and target high-risk populations. While health management information system (HMIS) data provide counts of malaria cases, quantifying the denominator for incidence using these data is challenging because catchment areas and care-seeking behaviours are not well defined. This study’s aim was to estimate malaria incidence using HMIS data by adjusting the population denominator accounting for travel time to the health facility. Methods Outpatient data from two public health facilities in Uganda (Kihihi and Nagongera) over a 3-year period (2011-2014) were used to model the relationship between travel time from patient village of residence (available for each individual) to the facility and the relative probability of attendance using Poisson generalized additive models. Outputs from the model were used to generate a weighted population denominator for each health facility and estimate malaria incidence. Among children aged 6 months to 11 years, monthly HMIS-derived incidence estimates, with and without population denominators weighted by probability of attendance, were compared with gold standard measures of malaria incidence measured in prospective cohorts. Results A total of 48,898 outpatient visits were recorded across the two sites over the study period. HMIS incidence correlated with cohort incidence over time at both study sites (correlation in Kihihi=0.64, p <0.001; correlation in Nagongera=0.34, p=0.045). HMIS incidence measures with denominators unweighted by probability of attendance underestimated cohort incidence aggregated over the 3 years in Kihihi (0.5 cases per person-year (PPY) vs 1.7 cases PPY) and Nagongera (0.3 cases PPY vs 3.0 cases PPY). HMIS incidence measures with denominators weighted by probability of attendance were closer to cohort incidence, but remained underestimates (1.1 cases PPY in Kihihi and 1.4 cases PPY in Nagongera). Conclusions Although malaria incidence measured using HMIS underestimated incidence measured in cohorts, even when adjusting for probability of attendance, HMIS surveillance data are a promising and scalable source for tracking relative changes in malaria incidence over time, particularly when the population denominator can be estimated by incorporating information on village of residence.
The Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hypertensive Patients in Primary Care in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xu Shaowei , Li Yim Chu , Chen Catherine Xiaorui
Published: December 2020

BackgroundTo identify the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in Chinese hypertensive population managed in a local public primary care clinic and to explore its associated risk factors. MethodsMedical records of Chinese adult hypertensive patients (> 18 years of age) who had been followed up in a public general outpatient clinic (GOPC) from 1 Jan 2018 to 30 Jun 2018 were retrieved and reviewed, and a sample group was randomly selected. Demographic, clinical parameters including age, gender, smoking status, body weight, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, biochemical data, and comorbidities were collected from the Computer Management System (CMS). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 and staged according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 criteria. Student's t-test was used to analyze continuous variables and the Chi-squared test was used for categorical data. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to examine the association between CKD and variable associated factors. All statistical tests were two-sided, and a P-value of <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsAmong the 993 Chinese hypertensive patients included in the final analysis, 152 were found to have CKD, with overall prevalence being 15.3%. In addition, the prevalence of CKD increased with the ageing of the population. In multivariate analysis, associated factors for CKD included age (OR 4.3 for every 10 years increase), history of congestive heart failure (OR 7.2), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.8), gout (OR 3.2), number of anti-hypertensive medications (OR 1.6) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (OR 0.38). Conclusions15.3% of Chinese adult hypertensive patients have CKD. Associated factors for CKD include older age, concomitant cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, gout, and lipid disorder. Family physicians should make a concerted effort in early recognition of these risk factors for CKD among HT patients.
RUS6, a DUF647-Containing Protein, is Essential for Early Embryonic Development in Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Perry Nathaniel , Leasure Colin , Tong Hongyun , Duarte Elias Michael , He Zheng-Hui
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe Arabidopsis RUS (ROOT UV-B SENSITIVE) gene family contains six members, each of which encodes a protein containing a DUF647 (domain of unknown function 647) that is commonly found in eukaryotes. Previous studies have demonstrated that RUS1 and RUS2 play critical roles in early seedling development. All six RUS genes are expressed throughout the plant, but little is known about the functional roles of RUS3, RUS4, RUS5 and RUS6. ResultsWe used a reverse-genetic approach to identify knockout mutants for RUS3, RUS4, RUS5 and RUS6. Each mutant was confirmed by direct DNA sequencing and genetic segregation analysis. No visible phenotypic differences were observed in rus3, rus4, or rus5 knockout mutants under standard growth conditions, but rus6 knockout mutants displayed a strong embryo-lethal phenotype. Two independent knockout lines for RUS6 were characterized. The rus6 mutations could only be maintained through a heterozygote, because rus6 homozygous mutants did not survive. Closer examinations of homozygous rus6 embryos from rus6/+ parent plants revealed that RUS6 is required for early embryo development. Loss of RUS6 resulted in embryo lethality, specifically at the mid-globular stage. The embryo-lethality phenotype was complemented by a RUS6::RUS6-GFP transgene, and GFP signal was detected throughout the embryo. Histological analyses with the β-glucuronidase reporter gene driven by the RUS6 promoter showed tissue- and development-specific expression of RUS6, which was highest in floral tissues. ConclusionOur data revealed that RUS6 is essential for early embryo development in Arabidopsis, and that the RUS gene family functions in multiple stages of plant development.