bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiscale modeling of cavitation around high-speed object based on Euler-Lagrange model and overset mesh
Authors: Li Linmin , Chen Mingming , Zhu Zuchao , Zhang Junhao
Published: October 2024

Cavitation is a common phenomenon, which usually occurs inside the high-speed liquid or at the liquid-solid interface. The unsteady behaviors of cavitating flow, such as shedding and collapse, can cause intense pressure fluctuations and reduce the stability of devices such as under-water high-speed vehicles. In addition, cavitating flow changes the dynamic characteristics of the liquid and causes vibration of the structure as well, making it extremely difficult in achieving precise control. Using OpenFOAM, the present work employs the large eddy simulation (LES) approach to investigate the characteristics of the unsteady cavitating flow around a high-speed under-water object with using the overset mesh technology. The volume of fluid (VOF) approach jointed with the Lagrangian discreate bubble model (DBM) is used for capturing the multiscale cavitation features. The Schnerr & Sauer model is applied for the mass transfer between water and vapor in macroscale, while the Reynolds-Pel equation is incorporated for the growing and collapsing of microscale bubbles. Due to the difficulty in incorporating the multi-scale method into the problems with mesh motion, the present work employs the overset mesh method. Compared with the published small-scale water tank experiment, the LES simulation results fit well with the experimental phenomena, and the DBM can capture the small bubbles accurately. On the basis of model verification, the mechanisms of cavitation forming and collapsing is investigated and the effect of cavitation shedding on the motion of the object is also studied. Moreover, the nucleation, growth, collapse of bubbles, and the interaction between discrete bubbles and large cavities can be well revealed. Further, the multi-scale Euler-Lagrange model is also applied in the rotating propeller, the generation of tip vortex cavitation which is hard to be captured by traditional models is well presented.
Comparative analysis of performance of different types of Tesla valves
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Zhang Xinchen , Cao Zhengqing , Fang Kaiyue , Yang Xuelong
Published: October 2024

The Tesla valve is a valve with no moving parts. Its special configuration also allows the pressure drop of fluid passing through the Tesla valve from the reverse inlet to be much greater than the pressure drop of fluid passing through the Tesla valve from the forward inlet. Therefore, the Tesla valve has a certain degree of single pilot connectivity and pressure reduction capability. This article selected 8 common types of Tesla valves, By using numerical calculation method through Fluent simulation, the differences of resistance coefficient, pressure drop and Di value of 8 types of single-stage Tesla valves under three different working conditions were compared. In order to explore the performance of 8 kinds of Tesla valves under the three working conditions. At the same time, the relationship between the flow state and the structure of each part of the fluid before and after passing through the distributary pipe is analyzed. The simulation results show that due to the different structure of various Tesla valves, the flow rate, pressure and turbulent kinetic energy of the fluid inside the valve also have different changes. At the same time, there are many similarities in the flow state of some Tesla valves with similar structural types. Finally, according to the calculation results, the advantages and disadvantages of various types of Tesla valves and their applications are analyzed.
The impact of installation deviation on the lubricating characteristics of a 1000 MW giant hydropower unit’s tilting-pad journal bearing
Authors: Shi Yishu , Wang Zhengwei
Published: October 2024

With the trend towards larger and higher capacity units, tilting-pad journal bearings are being increasingly used in hydropower units. Through thermo-hydrodynamic (THD) analysis, it is possible to establish pressure differential equations that consider the change in oil viscosity with temperature, which is essential to ensure safe operation of the bearing. Further research on the flowing characteristics of tilting-pad journal bearings, especially about installation deviations, is essential for giant hydropower unit. This study establishes a three-dimensional model of a 1000 MW hydropower unit’s turbine journal bearing to investigate temperature, pressure distribution, and load under various installation deviation scenarios. The findings aim to optimize the design and engineering practices of tilting-pad bearings in rotating machinery, meeting the evolving needs of the power industry.
Investigation of Surge Phenomena in a Centrifugal Compressor by 3D-1D Coupling Approach
Authors: Li Peize , Katayama Yusuke , Miyagawa Kazuyoshi
Published: October 2024

Critical instability, such as surge phenomena, can occur at low flow rates for a compressor system, leading to flow rate fluctuations and potential damage. To study this, traditional numerical analysis requires a comprehensive approach encompassing the compressor and its piping system. This demands extensive computational resources and time due to the complexity of capturing internal flow during surge, including separation and vortex generation. To overcome these limitations, this research proposes a computational strategy combining 3D and 1D analysis for enhanced efficiency and reduced computational demands, which employs 1D analysis for more straightforward flow regions like piping and 3D analysis for the more complex compressor section. This approach is facilitated using AMESim for 1D and STAR-CCM+ for 3D simulations, enabling seamless integration and data exchange between different dimensional analyses. The method improves computational efficiency and reasonably approximates surge phenomena compared to experimental data. The 3D and 1D coupled analysis closely aligns with experimental data, providing a viable and more effective alternative method for surge analysis in compressor systems. This methodology promises to streamline the study of compressor surge phenomena, providing a practical tool for engineers and researchers.
Research on Purely Azimuth Passive Localization Model for UAV Formation Flight
Authors: Tang Chenchong , Ying Beining , Gu Ruoxuan , Yang Shengying
Published: October 2024

The practical applications of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formation passive localization demand high accuracy and anti-interference ability. In this paper, a novel passive localization model based on analytical geometry and improved damped Gauss-Newton optimization method is proposed, which incorporates the improved damped Gauss-Newton algorithm and the error-based iterative algorithm for real-time coordinate correction of formation. Through Matlab simulation experiments, the proposed error-based iterative algorithm can stabilize the flight formation after only 24 iterations, and the distance error between each UAV and the specified position is only 1.2%. Moreover, in the case of signal loss, only four UAVs are required to transmit signals to localize a circular flying formation consisting of 10 UAVs. The model provides a theoretical method for passive localization and control of UAV formations in purely azimuthal flights.
Buried Dielectric Modulation in Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor
Authors: Su Chonghao , Jei Liou Juin , Yang Shanglin
Published: October 2024

The tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) with gate-on-source-only and n+ pocket configurations achieves both a low subthreshold swing (SS) and a high drain-source current. In this brief, the buried dielectric modulation effect in such a tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) is investigated by using TCAD simulation. It is observed that the characteristic of the proposed TFET is modulated by the buried dielectric. Using a low-k dielectric material the electric field near the tunneling junction is increased, the band-to-band tunneling is enhanced and the drain-source current is increased. The simulation results show that with a low-k buried dielectric the drain-source current can be increased by more than one order of magnitude. The impact of the key parameters on the device performance is also discussed.
Fault Detection of Rolling Bearings using Real NVP Transformation
Authors: Wu Zhenpeng , Lin Chunyu , Zhang Rongchang , Zhang Liangwei
Published: October 2024

The scarcity of rolling bearing fault data and the difficulty in annotating fault types prompt us to employ unsupervised fault detection methods. However, existing unsupervised fault detection methods rely on manual feature extraction or use indirect approaches such as reconstruction error or density approximation for fault detection. To address this issue, this paper proposes an unsupervised rolling bearing fault detection method based on a Normalizing flow model, namely the Real-Valued Non-Volume Preserving (Real NVP) model. Compared to existing methods, this approach utilizes vibration data from normal bearings for model training. It transforms the complex distribution of normal bearing data into a simple prior distribution through the Real NVP transformation. Subsequently, fault detection indicators are constructed within this simple prior distribution to achieve rolling bearing fault detection. Experiments on the benchmark bearing dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively identify the fault states of rolling bearings and achieve fault detection results superior to other fault detection methods.
Advancements in marine atmospheric parameters measurement: integrated dual-channel LIDAR for temperature, humidity, and wind speed estimation
Authors: Cui Haipeng , Zhu Shilong
Published: October 2024

In the realm of marine meteorology, accurate measurement of sea surface temperature, humidity, and wind speed is crucial for understanding weather patterns and climate change and ensuring maritime safety. Traditional methods for these measurements face challenges in accuracy and adaptability to extreme conditions. This study introduces an innovative approach using an integrated dual-channel Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system, which combines Pure Rotational Raman LIDAR and Coherent LIDAR. This method significantly improves the precision and reliability of data under various atmospheric conditions. By employing advanced algorithms for temperature and humidity retrieval and Doppler analysis for wind speed, the study demonstrates enhanced capabilities in atmospheric data collection and analysis. The findings indicate a substantial advancement over existing methods, offering promising applications in weather forecasting, climate research, and marine navigation.
Tower and power line segmentation method based on RandLA-Net
Authors: Zhu Sha , Li Lu , Zhao Jianwei , Zhang Chunguang , Ni Shaofeng , Chen Yiping
Published: October 2024

The scale of the power grid of China has gradually expanded, and the number of long-distance and high-level transmission lines has also increased. However, it is very hard to detect the power infrastructure transmission lines because of the complex laying environment and various ground features. Lines and towers in the power system are important components of power transmission, and their safety directly affects the operation of the entire power system. Reasonable management of lines and towers can reduce the occurrence of faults and system safety risks. At present, both manual inspection efficiency and visual inspection processing accuracy are low. An airborne LiDAR point cloud has become a key means for monitoring towers and power lines. In response to the above problems, we propose a tower and power line segmentation algorithm based on RandLA-Net. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method gets precise detection of power poles and lines, and enhances the efficiency in identifying hazardous areas along power lines. The highest Mean Intersection over Union (mloU) recorded is 95.34%, establishing a clear correlation between power towers and lines. Power line data holds significant importance for the power sector, facilitating the monitoring and management of transmission lines.
Realization of (400∼950) nm detector-based spectral radiance scale at NIM
Authors: Nan Xu , Zhiwei Liu , Yandong Lin , Weiqiang Zhao , Wende Liu , Haiyong Gan
Published: October 2024

Detector-based radiometric measurement is advantageous in terms of measurement uncertainty. National Institute of Metrology China (NIM) has developed a facility for detector-based spectral radiance scale realization in the range of (400∼950) nm. The scale is realized based on a tunable-laser coupled integrating sphere source using galvanometer-driven mirror, and a silicon trap reference standard detector calibrated directly against NIM’s primary standard for spectral power responsivity and NIM’s effective area calibration facility for apertrue area. Sources and transfer standards are characterized, and spectral radiance responsivity can be measured with uncertainties at the (0.2∼0.4) % level.
Primary realization of spectral responsivity in the near infrared using a laser-driven light source
Authors: Gamouras A
Published: October 2024

The National Research Council (NRC) Canada has realized the spectral responsivity scale from 900 nm to 1600 nm using a Xe-based laser driven light source, double subtractive monochromator system, and an absolute cryogenic radiometer. An NRC-designed InGaAs sphere transfer standard radiometer was calibrated with combined relative standard uncertainties below 0.135 % (k=1). The scale realization was also performed with a 100 W tungsten lamp, as previously done at NRC. Calibration results and uncertainties in spectral responsivity measurements with each broadband light source are compared and presented.
Virtual energy dispatching method for hybrid microgrid demand response based on Lyapunov optimization
Authors: Gebrie Jember Adugna , Bao Ruiyu , Wu Wenqing , Wang Zhao , Zhou Zhenyu
Published: October 2024

The hybrid microgrid (HMG) possesses power generation, storage, and distribution capabilities, serving as an integrated foundational structure for advanced localized distribution networks. However, due to significant discrepancies in load demands and energy consumption among different users, the photovoltaic (PV) generation output and end-user load requirements exhibit unpredictability, resulting in relatively low self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) and self-consumption ratio (SCR) of the HMG PV system. To address this issue, this study proposes a virtual energy dispatching method for hybrid microgrid demand response based on Lyapunov optimization. Initially, a bidirectional virtual energy dispatching system model based on energy provider/buyer classification is constructed, optimizing load demands and energy management of both the load side and the main utility grid (MUG) while considering demand response. Subsequently, a Lyapunov optimization-based bidirectional virtual energy dispatching algorithm (LOBVED) is introduced, optimizing queueing systems in stochastic networks based on drift-plus-penalty technique to resolve the dynamic interactions among stability, performance, and energy self-sufficiency in the HMG environment, aiming to maximize the PV SSR and SCR of the HMG while ensuring the reliability of battery energy storage (BES) energy queues. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through MATLAB simulations.
Integrated thermo-optic phase shifters for laser-written photonic circuits operating at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Ceccarelli Francesco , Rakonjac Jelena V , Grandi Samuele , Riedmatten Hugues de , Osellame Roberto , Corrielli Giacomo
Published: October 2024

Integrated photonics offers compact and stable manipulation of optical signals in miniaturized chips, with the possibility of changing dynamically their functionality by means of integrated phase shifters. Cryogenic operation of these devices is becoming essential for advancing photonic quantum technologies, accommodating components like quantum light sources, single photon detectors and quantum memories operating at liquid helium temperatures. In this work, we report on a programmable glass photonic integrated circuit (PIC) fabricated through femtosecond laser waveguide writing (FLW) and controlled by thermo-optic phase shifters both in a room-temperature and in a cryogenic setting. By taking advantage of a femtosecond laser microstructuring process, we achieved reliable PIC operation with minimal power consumption and confined temperature gradients in both conditions. This advancement marks the first cryogenically-compatible programmable FLW PIC, paving the way for fully integrated quantum architectures realized on a laser-written photonic chip.
Machine-learning-based diabetes classification method using blood flow oscillations and Pearson correlation analysis of feature importance
Authors: Jung Hanbeen , Yeo Chaebeom , Jang Eunsil , Chang Yeonhee , Song Cheol
Published: October 2024

Diabetes is a global health issue affecting millions of people and is related to high morbidity and mortality rates. Current diagnostic methods are primarily invasive, involving blood sampling, which can lead to infection and increased patient stress. As a result, there is a growing need for noninvasive diabetes diagnostic methods that are both accurate and fast. High measurement accuracy and fast measurement time are essential for effective noninvasive diabetes diagnosis; these can be achieved using diffuse speckle contrast analysis (DSCA) systems and artificial intelligence algorithms. In this study, we use a machine learning algorithm to analyze rat blood flow signals measured using a DSCA system with simple operation, easy fabrication, and fast measurement for helping diagnose diabetes. The results confirmed that the machine learning algorithm for analyzing blood flow oscillation data shows good potential for diabetes classification. Furthermore, analyzing the blood flow reactivity test revealed that blood flow signals can be quickly measured for diabetes classification. Finally, we evaluated the influence of each blood flow oscillation data on diabetes classification through feature importance and Pearson correlation analysis. The results of this study should provide a basis for the future development of hemodynamic-based disease diagnostic methods.
Green Superpowers
Authors: Prontera Andrea
Published: October 2024

This book analyses, compares, and explains the emerging green foreign energy policies and green power strategies of China, the European Union, and the United States. Fossil fuels have long been key to major powers’ foreign policies and international affairs. In the context of the current global energy transition, renewables and low-carbon technologies are emerging as elements that can have a similarly important impact. By combining insights from international political economy, comparative public policy, international relations, and energy policy scholarship, this book presents an original framework for studying these dynamics. It then uses this framework to shed light on the recent green foreign energy policies and green power strategies of the three green superpowers. In doing so, it illustrates the links between the domestic green approaches that these major actors are promoting and their external actions regarding renewables and low-carbon technologies. It also draws attention to the limits and potential of Chinese, European, and US green foreign energy policy as well as to the influence of their competitive interactions on twenty-first-century world politics.
A comparison of drug information question responses by a drug information center and by ChatGPT
Authors: Triplett Samantha , Ness-Engle Genevieve Lynn , Behnen Erin M
Published: October 2024

Purpose

A study was conducted to assess the accuracy and ability of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) to systematically respond to drug information inquiries relative to responses of a drug information center (DIC).

Methods

Ten drug information questions answered by the DIC in 2022 or 2023 were selected for analysis. Three pharmacists created new ChatGPT accounts and submitted each question to ChatGPT at the same time. Each question was submitted twice to identify consistency in responses. Two days later, the same process was conducted by a fourth pharmacist. Phase 1 of data analysis consisted of a drug information pharmacist assessing all 84 ChatGPT responses for accuracy relative to the DIC responses. In phase 2, 10 ChatGPT responses were selected to be assessed by 3 blinded reviewers. Reviewers utilized an 8-question predetermined rubric to evaluate the ChatGPT and DIC responses.

Results

When comparing the ChatGPT responses (n = 84) to the DIC responses, ChatGPT had an overall accuracy rate of 50%. Accuracy across the different question types varied. In regards to the overall blinded score, ChatGPT responses scored higher than the responses by the DIC according to the rubric (overall scores of 67.5% and 55.0%, respectively). The DIC responses scored higher in the categories of references mentioned and references identified.

Conclusion

Responses generated by ChatGPT have been found to be better than those created by a DIC in clarity and readability; however, the accuracy of ChatGPT responses was lacking. ChatGPT responses to drug information questions would need to be carefully reviewed for accuracy and completeness.
Development and implementation of an advanced pharmacy technician leadership program
Authors: Craynon Ryan , Thomas Mark , Rose Robert , Squibb Bailey
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To develop administrative and leadership skills in pharmacy technicians through the implementation of a 6-month advanced technician leadership program.

Health-system pharmacy administrative and leadership (HSPAL) residency programs have been established to develop administrative and leadership skills in pharmacists for more than 60 years. Similar opportunities for pharmacy technicians do not exist despite technicians being placed in leadership positions. Our pharmacy department developed a 6-month advanced pharmacy technician leadership program utilizing the pharmacist HSPAL residency framework and adapting it to focus on pharmacy technicians. Rotations span inpatient and ambulatory leadership, with both pharmacist and technician leaders serving as preceptors. The training program has been established for over 3 years and has produced a total of 6 graduates, of whom 5 have assumed technician leadership roles within our department. The training program has built a pipeline of highly trained technician leaders and decreased the time required to fill technician supervisor openings by 80%. Program graduates have reported the most improvement in management skills, functional skills and knowledge, and communication skills.

Conclusion

Creation of an advanced, pharmacy technician–specific leadership program focusing on development of leadership and administrative skills provides short- and long-term benefits to health-system pharmacy departments.
Functional quantile principal component analysis
Authors: Méndez-Civieta Álvaro , Wei Ying , Diaz Keith M. , Goldsmith Jeff
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces functional quantile principal component analysis (FQPCA), a dimensionality reduction technique that extends the concept of functional principal components analysis (FPCA) to the examination of participant-specific quantiles curves. Our approach borrows strength across participants to estimate patterns in quantiles, and uses participant-level data to estimate loadings on those patterns. As a result, FQPCA is able to capture shifts in the scale and distribution of data that affect participant-level quantile curves, and is also a robust methodology suitable for dealing with outliers, heteroscedastic data or skewed data. The need for such methodology is exemplified by physical activity data collected using wearable devices. Participants often differ in the timing and intensity of physical activity behaviors, and capturing information beyond the participant-level expected value curves produced by FPCA is necessary for a robust quantification of diurnal patterns of activity. We illustrate our methods using accelerometer data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and produce participant-level 10%, 50%, and 90% quantile curves over 24 h of activity. The proposed methodology is supported by simulation results, and is available as an R package.
Patients with delusional infestation are being given conflicting advice by pharmacy colleagues
Authors: Pathmarajah Pirunthan , Gkini Maria-Angeliki , Taylor Ruth E , Bewley Anthony
Published: October 2024

The role of pharmacists in psychodermatology includes counselling patients on psychotropic medications, ensuring adherence and providing guidance that complements the advice of dermatology healthcare professionals. This pilot study is the first to highlight discrepancies in counselling effectiveness between clinicians and pharmacists. We found that patients were provided with suboptimal, conflicting or contradictory advice. It is essential that training is given to specialized pharmacists with prescribing privileges and that specific information on psychotropic medications is provided.
Improvement in palmoplantar keratoderma–congenital alopecia type 2 treated with topical simvastatin–cholesterol ointment
Authors: Yang Fang , Luo Wanting , Wang Huijun , Li Qian , Hu Shuanghai , Lin Zhimiao
Published: October 2024

We report the successful treatment of two patients with palmoplantar keratoderma–congenital alopecia type 2 (PPKCA2) using topical compound ointment containing 2% simvastatin and 2% cholesterol.
Public Health Benefits of Applying Evidence-Based Best Practices in Managing Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19
Authors: Kalil Andre C , Chandak Aastha , Moore Luke S P , Ahuja Neera , Kolditz Martin , Casciano Roman , Kadambi Ananth , Yaghoubi Mohsen , Tsiodras Sotirios , Malin Jakob J , Mozaffari Essy , Bartoletti Michele
Published: October 2024

Background

As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related mortality remains a concern, optimal management of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 continues to evolve. We developed a population model based on real-world evidence to quantify the clinical impact of increased utilization of remdesivir, the effectiveness of which has been well established in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods

The PINC AI healthcare database records for patients hospitalized for COVID-19 from January to December 2023 were stratified by those treated with or without remdesivir (“RDV” and “no RDV”) and by supplemental oxygen requirements: no supplemental oxygen charges (NSOc), low-flow oxygen (LFO), and high-flow oxygen/non-invasive ventilation. Key vulnerable subgroups such as elderly and immunocompromised patients were also evaluated. The model applied previously published hazard ratios (HRs) to 28-day in-hospital mortality incidence to determine the number of potential lives saved if additional no RDV patients had been treated with remdesivir upon hospital admission.

Results

Of 84 810 hospitalizations for COVID-19 in 2023, 13,233 no RDV patients were similar in terms of characteristics and clinical presentation to the RDV patients. The model predicted that initiation of remdesivir in these patients could have saved 231 lives. Projected nationally, this translates to >800 potential lives saved (95% confidence interval, 469–1126). Eighty-nine percent of potential lives saved were elderly and 19% were immunocompromised individuals. Seventy-six percent were among NSOc or LFO patients.

Conclusions

This public health model underscores the value of initiating remdesivir upon admission in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, in accordance with evidence-based best practices, to minimize lives lost because of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
The Emboless® venous chamber efficiently reduces air bubbles: a randomized study of chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Forsberg Ulf , Jonsson Per , Stegmayr Bernd
Published: October 2024

Background

When blood passes the extracorporeal circuit, air microbubbles (MBs) contaminate the blood. Some MBs will end up as microemboli in the lung, heart, and brain. MB exposure has no medical purpose and is considered to be bio-incompatible. Selecting venous chambers with a high removal rate of MBs is warranted to reduce the risks of air bio-incompatibility. The primary aim was to compare the Fresenius 5008 (F5008-VC) and the Emboless® (Emboless-VC) venous chambers regarding the elimination of MBs in the return bloodline during hemodialysis (HD).

Methods

Twenty patients underwent 80 sessions of cross-over HD using both the F5008-VC and the Emboless-VC randomized such that half started with the F5008-VC and half with the Emboless-VC. For 32 of the 80 sessions, measurements were also performed during hemodiafiltrations (HDF) after the initial HD. MBs were measured with an ultrasound device (within the size range of 20–500 µm) at the “inlet” and “outlet” bloodline of the venous chambers. The Wilcoxon pairwise test compared the percentage of MB elimination between venous chambers.

Results

During HD, the median reduction of MBs for the outlet was 39% with the F5008-VC and 76% with the Emboless-VC (P < .001). During HDF, the reduction was 28% with the F5008-VC and 70% with the Emboless-VC (P < .001).

Conclusion

Fewer MBs and subsequently fewer microemboli entered the bloodline of the patient using the Emboless-VC compared to the F5008-VC venous chamber during HD and during HDF. Venous chambers with a high removal rate of MBs will reduce the extent of air emboli.
Error and attack vulnerability of Apollonian networks
Authors: Safaei Farshad , Kouchak Mohammad Mahdi Emadi
Published: October 2024

This article examines the resilience of different Apollonian network (AN) types—deterministic, random, and evolutionary—to systematic attacks. ANs, members of the family of maximal planar graphs, possess unique properties such as high clustering coefficients, small-world properties, scale-free behavior, Euclidean and space-filling properties, and modularity. These peculiarities require a thorough investigation of their robustness. This work presents a novel approach to studying ANs by implementing evolutionary Apollonian networks (EANs). These EANs include various probabilities distribution functions, including exponential, degenerate, logistic, Pareto, and stable (Cauchy, Lévy, Normal) distributions. To improve the robustness of these networks, we propose a novel edge rewiring mechanism using a genetic algorithm (GA). The GA aims to optimize a combined metric that includes the Flow Robustness of Degree (SFRD), Betweenness (SFRB), and Dangalchev's closeness (SFRC) centralities while preserving the original degree distribution and structural properties of the network. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, we use various robustness measures to assess the resilience of different AN types. The results show that SFRB, SFRD, and SFRC effectively rank ANs based on their robustness.
Advances in myocardial energy metabolism: metabolic remodelling in heart failure and beyond
Authors: Sun Qiuyu , Karwi Qutuba G , Wong Nathan , Lopaschuk Gary D
Published: October 2024

The very high energy demand of the heart is primarily met by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, with glycolysis providing a smaller amount of ATP production. This ATP production is markedly altered in heart failure, primarily due to a decrease in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Although an increase in glycolytic ATP production partly compensates for the decrease in mitochondrial ATP production, the failing heart faces an energy deficit that contributes to the severity of contractile dysfunction. The relative contribution of the different fuels for mitochondrial ATP production dramatically changes in the failing heart, which depends to a large extent on the type of heart failure. A common metabolic defect in all forms of heart failure [including heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), heart failure with preserved EF (HFpEF), and diabetic cardiomyopathies] is a decrease in mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate originating from glucose (i.e. glucose oxidation). This decrease in glucose oxidation occurs regardless of whether glycolysis is increased, resulting in an uncoupling of glycolysis from glucose oxidation that can decrease cardiac efficiency. The mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids by the heart increases or decreases, depending on the type of heart failure. For instance, in HFpEF and diabetic cardiomyopathies myocardial fatty acid oxidation increases, while in HFrEF myocardial fatty acid oxidation either decreases or remains unchanged. The oxidation of ketones (which provides the failing heart with an important energy source) also differs depending on the type of heart failure, being increased in HFrEF, and decreased in HFpEF and diabetic cardiomyopathies. The alterations in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and glycolysis in the failing heart are due to transcriptional changes in key enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways, as well as alterations in redox state, metabolic signalling and post-translational epigenetic changes in energy metabolic enzymes. Of importance, targeting the mitochondrial energy metabolic pathways has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to improving cardiac function and cardiac efficiency in the failing heart.
Improvement in patient selection, management and outcomes in infant heart transplant from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Endo Toyokazu , Trivedi Jaimin , Kozik Deborah , Alsoufi Bahaaldin
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

The study’s primary outcome was to evaluate if post-transplant survival has improved over the last 2 decades. Secondary outcomes were the infant’s waitlist mortality, waitlist time and identifying factors that affected the infant’s survival.

METHODS

United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was queried for infants (age ≤ 1) who were listed for heart transplantation between 2000 and 2020. The years were divided into 3 eras (Era 1 2000–2006, Era 2 2007–2013 and Era 3 2014–2020). Non-parametric tests, Chi-Squared, Log-Rank test and Cox-Proportional hazard ratio were used for analysis (α = 0.05).

RESULTS

4234 infants were listed for heart transplants between 2000 and 2020. At the time of listing, Infants in era 3 were more likely to be heavier [in kg (P < 0.001)] and had better renal function (P < 0.001). Additionally, they were less likely to be on dialysis (P < 0.001), on a ventilator (P < 0.001) and on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (P < 0.001). There has been a significant increase in left ventricular assist device use (P < 0.001), though there was no difference in waitlist (0.154) or post-transplant survival (0.51). In all 3 eras, waitlist survival (P < 0.001) and post-transplant survival (P < 0.001) have improved significantly. Congenital heart disease and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were associated with worse waitlist survival in all 3 eras (P < 0.05). Infants are now waiting longer on the waitlist (in days) (33 Era 1 vs 46 Era 2 vs 67 Era 3, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Infant heart transplant outcomes have improved, but they are now waiting longer on the waitlist. Further improvement in increasing the donor pool, expert consensus on listing strategies and donor utilization is needed to improve outcomes.
Adults with congenital heart disease: what every cardiologist should know about their care
Authors: Budts Werner , Prokšelj Katja , Lovrić Daniel , Kačar Polona , Gatzoulis Michael A , Brida Margarita
Published: October 2024

As patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) continue to enjoy longer lives, non-congenital cardiologists and other healthcare professionals are increasingly encountering them in their practice and are challenged by their specific needs. Most under- and post-graduate medical training tends to overlook this common pathology, resulting in insufficient awareness of post-repair or post-palliation residual lesions and sequelae from previous interventions. In a strive towards improving the quality of care for this ever-growing cardiovascular patient cohort, it is prudent to outline the areas of concern and specific management needs pertaining to adult patients with CHD and share it with non-CHD professionals. The purpose of this paper is to offer essential guidance to physicians, including cardiologists, when they encounter a patient with CHD in a non-congenital healthcare setting.
Comparison of exercise training modalities and change in peak oxygen consumption in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a secondary analysis of the OptimEx-Clin trial
Authors: Mueller Stephan , Kabelac Marina , Fegers-Wustrow Isabel , Winzer Ephraim B , Gevaert Andreas B , Beckers Paul , Haller Bernhard , Edelmann Frank , Christle Jeffrey W , Haykowsky Mark J , Sachdev Vandana , Kitzman Dalane W , Linke Axel , Adams Volker , Wisloff Ulrik , Pieske Burkert , van Craenenbroeck Emeline , Halle Martin
Published: October 2024

Aims

Exercise training (ET) is an effective therapy in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but the influence of different ET characteristics is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the associations between ET frequency, duration, intensity [% heart rate reserve (%HRR)] and estimated energy expenditure (EEE) with the change in peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2) over 3 months of moderate continuous training (MCT, 5×/week) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 3×/week) in HFpEF.

Methods and results

ET duration and heart rate (HR) were recorded with a smartphone application. EEE was calculated using the HR data during ET and the individual HR-V̇O2 relationships during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Differences between groups and associations between ET characteristics and peak V̇O2 change were assessed with linear regression analyses. Peak V̇O2 improved by 9.2 ± 13.2% after MCT and 8.7 ± 15.9% after HIIT (P = 0.67). The average EEE of 1 HIIT session was equivalent to ∼1.42 MCT sessions and when adjusted for EEE, the mean difference between MCT and HIIT was –0.1% (P = 0.98). For both MCT and HIIT, peak V̇O2 change was positively associated with ET frequency (MCT: R2 = 0.103; HIIT: R2 = 0.149) and duration/week (MCT: R2 = 0.120; HIIT: R2 = 0.125; all P < 0.05). Average %HRR was negatively associated with peak V̇O2 change in MCT (R2 = 0.101; P = 0.034), whereas no significant association was found in HIIT (P = 0.234). Multiple regression analyses explained ∼1/3 of the variance in peak V̇O2 change.

Conclusion

In HFpEF, isocaloric HIIT and MCT seem to be equally effective over 3 months. Within each mode, increasing ET frequency or duration/week may be more effective to improve peak V̇O2 than increasing ET intensity.
Health perceptions of adverse weather in older adults in England: analysis of 2019/20 survey data
Authors: Turner Grace Anne , Moreira de Sousa Agostinho , O’Connell Emer , Kovats Sari , Brooks Katya , Landeg Owen , Ismail Sharif , Rajamani Anusha , Hajat Shakoor
Published: October 2024

Risks to older adults (OA) (aged 65+ years) associated with hot and cold weather in the UK are well-documented. The study aim is to explore OA perception of health risks from high and low temperatures, health-protective measures undertaken, and implications for public health messaging. In 2019/20, Ipsos MORI conducted face-to-face surveys with OA in England (n = 461 cold weather survey, n = 452 hot weather survey). Participants reported temperature-related symptoms, risk perceptions for different groups, and behaviours during hot and cold weather. Analysis involved binomial logistic regression models to assess potential factors (demographics, vulnerability, behaviours) associated with older adults’ health risk perception in hot and cold weather. Less than half of OA in both surveys agreed that hot or cold weather posed a risk to their health. OA with higher education, annual income >£25 000 or home ownership were less likely to perceive their health at risk during cold weather and regional differences in hot weather were identified. OA who recognized those the same age or living alone as at an increased risk were more likely to perceive their own health as at risk. OA were more likely to self-identify health risks when reporting those aged 65 yrs+ to be at an increased risk in cold weather. Various temperature-related protective behaviours were associated with older adults’ risk perception in hot and cold weather. These findings provide evidence for public health agencies to target high risk individuals, and modify temperature-related public health messaging to protect OA.
Drosophila ring chromosomes interact with sisters and homologs to produce anaphase bridges in mitosis
Authors: Lin Ho-Chen , Golic Mary M , Hill Hunter J , Lemons Katherine F , Vuong Truc T , Smith Madison , Golic Forrest , Golic Kent G
Published: October 2024

Ring chromosomes are known in many eukaryotic organisms, including humans. They are typically associated with a variety of maladies, including abnormal development and lethality. Underlying these phenotypes are anaphase chromatin bridges that can lead to chromosome loss, nondisjunction, and breakage. By cytological examination of ring chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster, we identified 5 causes for anaphase bridges produced by ring chromosomes. Catenation of sister chromatids appears to be the most common cause, and these bridges frequently resolve during anaphase, presumably by the action of topoisomerase II. Sister chromatid exchange and chromosome breakage followed by sister chromatid union also produce anaphase bridges. Mitotic recombination with the homolog was rare, but was another route to generation of anaphase bridges. Most surprising was the discovery of homolog capture, where the ring chromosome was connected to its linear homolog in anaphase. We hypothesize that this is a remnant of mitotic pairing and that the linear chromosome is connected to the ring by multiple wraps produced through the action of topoisomerase II during establishment of homolog pairing. In support, we showed that in a ring/ring homozygote, the 2 rings are frequently catenated in mitotic metaphase, a configuration that requires breaking and rejoining of at least 1 chromosome.
CoCoPyE: feature engineering for learning and prediction of genome quality indices
Authors: Birth Niklas , Leppich Nicolina , Schirmacher Julia , Andreae Nina , Steinkamp Rasmus , Blanke Matthias , Meinicke Peter
Published: October 2024

Background

The exploration of the microbial world has been greatly advanced by the reconstruction of genomes from metagenomic sequence data. However, the rapidly increasing number of metagenome-assembled genomes has also resulted in a wide variation in data quality. It is therefore essential to quantify the achieved completeness and possible contamination of a reconstructed genome before it is used in subsequent analyses. The classical approach for the estimation of quality indices solely relies on a relatively small number of universal single-copy genes. Recent tools try to extend the genomic coverage of estimates for an increased accuracy.

Results

We developed CoCoPyE, a fast tool based on a novel 2-stage feature extraction and transformation scheme. First, it identifies genomic markers and then refines the marker-based estimates with a machine learning approach. In our simulation studies, CoCoPyE showed a more accurate prediction of quality indices than the existing tools. While the CoCoPyE web server offers an easy way to try out the tool, the freely available Python implementation enables integration into existing genome reconstruction pipelines.

Conclusions

CoCoPyE provides a new approach to assess the quality of genome data. It complements and improves existing tools and may help researchers to better distinguish between low-quality draft and high-quality genome assemblies in metagenome sequencing projects.
Three-Year Efficacy and Safety of Mirikizumab Following 152 Weeks of Continuous Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis: Results From the LUCENT-3 Open-Label Extension Study
Authors: Sands Bruce E , D’Haens Geert , Clemow David B , Irving Peter M , Johns Jordan T , Gibble Theresa Hunter , Abreu Maria T , Lee Scott D , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Kobayashi Taku , Dubinsky Marla C , Vermeire Severine , Siegel Corey A , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Moses Richard E , Milata Joe , Panaccione Remo , Dignass Axel
Published: October 2024

Background

Mirikizumab, a p19-directed interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated induction of clinical remission at week 12 with maintenance through week 104 in patients with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). Results are presented from the LUCENT-3 open-label extension study through week 152.

Methods

Of 868 LUCENT clinical trial program mirikizumab-treated induction patients, 544 were responders of whom 365 were rerandomized to mirikizumab maintenance. Of these, 324 completed week 52 and 316 entered extension treatment (286 week 52 responders; 179 week 52 remitters). Efficacy and safety outcomes are reported for mirikizumab-treated LUCENT-3 participants, including biologic-failed patients, with data for week 52 maintenance responders/remitters. Discontinuations or missing data were handled by nonresponder imputation, modified nonresponder imputation (mNRI), and observed cases.

Results

Using mNRI, 81.6% of week 52 responders demonstrated clinical response at week 152. Week 152 remission rates for week 52 responders included clinical (56.1%), corticosteroid-free (CSF; 54.5%), endoscopic (61.0%), histologic-endoscopic mucosal remission (HEMR; 52.6%), symptomatic (74.9%), and bowel urgency (BU; 58.6%). At week 152, 53.3% of week 52 responders achieved histologic-endoscopic mucosal improvement (HEMI) and 74.3% achieved BU clinically meaningful improvement (CMI). Among week 52 remitters, 85.4% showed a clinical response at week 152, with clinical (70.1%), CSF (68.9%), endoscopic (72.0%), HEMR (63.4%), symptomatic (81.4%), and BU (60.8%) remission. At week 152, among week 52 remitters, 64.0% of patients achieved HEMI and 75.6% achieved BU CMI. Stool frequency, rectal bleeding, BU, and abdominal pain score reductions from induction baseline to maintenance week 52 were sustained through week 152 for week 52 completers. Overall, in the safety population, 7.4% of patients reported severe adverse events (AEs); 5.3% discontinued treatment due to AEs. AEs of special interest included opportunistic infection (1.8%), hepatic disorders (3.2%), cerebrocardiovascular events (1.5%), and malignancy (0.3%). Patients with antidrug antibodies reduced over time from 23.6% in year 1 to 3.2% in year 3.

Conclusions

Symptomatic, clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and quality-of-life outcomes support long-term sustained benefit of mirikizumab treatment up to 152 weeks in patients with UC, including biologic-failed patients, with no new safety concerns.

Clinical Trial Registry

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03518086; NCT03524092; NCT03519945.