bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Denitration Simulation of SNCR System Nozzles at Different Layout Positions in Coal Powder Boilers
Authors: Li Haoyang , Cheng Zhihai , Li Fangqin , Zhou Hufei , Ren Jianxing
Published: May 2024

Building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system is an overall requirement for the modernization of the energy system, The nitrogen oxides produced by the combustion of fossil fuels need to be effectively treated. The selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification (SNCR) technology in the thermal power industry. It is widely used due to its low cost and mature technology. By using CFD software to simulate and study the coupling of flue gas temperature field and NO concentration field, the SNCR nozzle was set up to study the impact on denitrification efficiency. Simulate multiple layout methods, including sequential arrangement, staggered arrangement, concentrated in the middle and concentrated on both sides. The denitrification efficiency is highest among them, which is concentrated on both sides and further optimized through the NO concentration field in the furnace. After optimization, the denitrification efficiency reached 59.2%, which was 2.4% higher than the traditional uniform layout method. It has important practical guidance significance for energy conservation, emission reduction, and operational optimization.
The practice and knowledge of Maokou-Qixia Formation depth: Acid fracturing in the Hechuan Tongnan regione
Authors: Chu Chunbo
Published: May 2024

The Maokou Qixia Formation in the Hechuan Tongnan region is characterized by tight reservoirs, high pressure, high temperature, high sulfur content, multiple layers, and strong heterogeneity, Mainly using highly deviated wells in conjunction with general acidification to achieve production, although certain stimulation effects have been achieved, there are also problems such as uneven acid distribution, poor targeted acid fracturing technology, large production differences between wells, and rapid production decline. In order to improve the development effectiveness of the Hechuan Tongnan area, based on the physical characteristics of the Maokou Qixia Formation reservoir in the Hechuan Tongnan area, Combining the influencing factors and process research of deep acid fracturing transformation, through experimental evaluation of acid corrosion effect and crack simulation, a set of deep acid fracturing transformation process with alternating injection of “high and low viscosity gelling acid+turning acid” as the core has been explored and formed. This technological achievement has increased the volume of vertical and horizontal acid fracturing transformation, and has been applied in HS6 on-site for 5 levels, with a tested daily gas production of 118.2×104 m3, The production increase effect is significant, with 100% effective rate for deep acid fracturing transformation and 100% effective rate for production increase. This provides a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the deep acid fracturing transformation of the Maokou Qixia Formation in the Hechuan Tongnan region.
A coupling coordination development model of new energy electric vehicles and ecological environment
Authors: Shi Jiaqi , Li Xinman , Hu Zhimu
Published: May 2024

Analysing the degree of coupling and coordination between new energy electric vehicles and ecological environment in China is of great significance to optimize and enhance the development of new energy vehicles in China. This paper constructs the evaluation index system of China’s new energy development and ecological environment level respectively, and analyses the coupling and coordination level of the two based on the game theory combination empowerment method, the simulated annealing optimization projection tracing evaluation model and the coupling coordination degree model. The results show that the coupling degree of coordination gradually increases from 0.292 in 2010 to 0.828 in 2021, and the impact of the development of new energy electric vehicles on the ecological environment in China presents a positive and positive development year by year.
Research on Low-Carbon Energy Construction Scheme for Typical Parks in the Lancang-Mekong Region
Authors: Qin Yun , Liu Ping , Huang Yu , Dong Weitong , Zhong Xiaotao , Wu Zhi
Published: May 2024

Industrial parks serve as vital spatial carriers for economic and industrial development, exerting significant impacts on energy consumption and carbon emissions across nations. In order to promote green development in the Lancang-Mekong region, this research focuses on typical industrial parks in Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. It analyzes the primary conditions of energy system construction, the structure of energy consumption, energy demand, and carbon emission trends in these parks. By considering local policies, development plans, and energy transition goals, the study assesses the development needs of energy consumption in the parks. It proposes differentiated schemes for constructing low-carbon energy systems in industrial parks, aiming to serve as a reference and guidance for the low-carbon energy transformation of typical industrial parks in the Lancang-Mekong region.
Electromagnetic cloak design with mono-objective and bi-objective optimizers: seeking the best tradeoff between protection and invisibility
Authors: Aznavourian Ronald , Demesy Guillaume , Guenneau Sébastien , Marot Julien
Published: May 2024

We revisit the design of cloaks, without resorting to any geometric transform. Cancellation techniques and anomalous resonances have been applied for this purpose. Instead of a deductive reasoning, we propose a novel mono-objective optimization algorithm, namely a ternary grey wolf algorithm, and we adapt a bi-objective optimization algorithm. Firstly, the proposed chaotic ternary grey wolf algorithm searches three-valued spaces for all permittivity values in the cloak while minimizing the summation of a protection criterion and an invisibility criterion. Secondly, a bi-objective genetic algorithm is adapted to find pairs of optimal values of invisibility and protection.
Adherence to follow-up and resource use after abnormal FIT-screening: Evaluation of the Danish colorectal cancer screening program
Authors: Jørgensen Susanne Fogh , Larsen Pernille Thordal , Erichsen Rune , Andersen Berit , Rebolj Matejka , Njor Sisse
Published: May 2024

Background and study aims The effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening programs depends on adherence to surveillance protocols for screening-positive individuals. We evaluated adherence in the Danish population-based screening program and estimated the volume of diagnostic resources required to achieve this adherence.

Patients and methods In this register- and population-based study, we included individuals with a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening from 2014 to 2017 and followed them until mid-2022. All endoscopic, imaging, and surgical procedures performed at public and private hospitals were identified. Adherence to national protocols was reported in terms of proportions and timeliness. Use of diagnostic and surveillance procedures was estimated during a 4-year post-screening period.

Results Among 82,221 individuals with a positive FIT test, 84% had a baseline colonoscopy within 1 month. After removal of intermediate or high-risk adenomas, 12% and 6%, respectively, did not have any follow-up. Only ~50% had timely surveillance. Approximately 10% to 20%, depending on their referral diagnosis, did not have a second surveillance colonoscopy. In addition, 12% with a negative colonoscopy had a second colonoscopy within 4 years.

Conclusions High adherence to baseline colonoscopy after positive FIT-screening is followed by lower adherence throughout the adenoma surveillance program. Better adherence to the guidelines could potentially improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the screening program.
The Effect of Hyperemesis Gravidarum on Macular Thickness, Corneal
Thickness, and Intraocular Pressure in Pregnancy
Authors: Okuyan Erhan , Akgül Ozlem , Baysal Zeki , Mangan Mehmet Serhat , Bayramoglu Denizhan , Tureyici Lena
Published: May 2024

Aim Physiological changes in intraocular pressure as well as in the cornea
and macula may occur during pregnancy. Therefore, we decided to investigate the
effect of hyperemesis gravidarum on macular thickness, corneal thickness and
intraocular pressure (IOP).

Material and Methods A total of 110 people, 55 of whom were diagnosed with
hyperemesis gravidarum and 55 of whom were in the control group, were included
in the study. The inclusion criteria for the study were as follows: first
trimester (8–14 weeks of gestation) pregnancy with positive fetal heartbeat and
no history of systemic disease, no continuous use of medication, diagnosis of
hyperemesis gravidarum (ketonuria and weight loss of more than 3 kilograms or 5%
of body weight), body mass index (BMI) within normal limits, age between 18 and
40, no alcohol use or smoking.

Results In the HG group compared to the control group, there was a
difference between the CCT values of both the right and left eyes (p<0.01).
There was a difference in both right and left IOP values in patients in the HG
group compared to the control group (p<0.05), and there was no correlation
between ketonuria scores and right and left eye CCT values, right and left eye
macular thickness, and right and left eye pressure in patients diagnosed with HG
(p>0.05).

Conclusion In hyperemesis gravidarum, changes occur in IOP, corneal
thickness, and macular thickness. In ophthalmic examinations in the
pregestational period, especially for women with systemic disease, it may be
important for clinicians to take the necessary precautions in this regard.
Associations between Parental Engagement in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Wallace Lisa S. , Okito Ololade , Mellin Kelsi , Soghier Lamia
Published: May 2024

Objective This study aimed to (1) determine the effect of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES), which considers the social and physical environment where a person lives, on parental engagement in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and (2) compare the relationships between parental engagement and individual versus neighborhood-level measures of SES.

Study Design In this cohort study, parents (n = 45) of premature neonates ≤34 weeks' gestation were assessed at 2 and 6 weeks after birth from December 2017 to October 2019. Neighborhood-level SES was determined using census data per the Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs' methodology, and parents self-reported their education level as an individual-level measure of SES. Data on frequency of engagement in NICU activities, including telephone updates, visitation, providing expressed breastmilk, and participating in kangaroo care, were collected from the electronic medical record. Parent psychosocial factors were assessed using validated surveys. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test, t-test, and logistic regression.

Results In multivariate regression analysis, disadvantaged neighborhood-level SES was associated with decreased odds of kangaroo care (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: [0.03–0.89]) and visitation (OR = 0.14, 95% CI: [0.02–0.87]), while lower individual-level SES was not significantly associated with kangaroo care, visiting, calling, or pumping (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Parental engagement was more consistently and significantly associated with neighborhood-level SES than with individual-level SES. Therefore, neighborhood-level SES measures may be more explanatory than individual-level SES measures. Further studies and targeted interventions are needed to address disparities in the frequency of kangaroo care and visitation according to SES.

Key Points
Organocatalytic [3+2] Annulation of β-Tetralones with α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Zhang Huiwen , Yu Xinhong , Li Zheyao , Zhang Xinzhe , Yu Jiawei
Published: May 2024

The NBS-mediated organocatalytic cascade synthesis of 4,5-dihydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan-1-carbaldehydes from α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and 2-tetralones have been developed. In this synthesis strategy, the C1 of in situ generated brominated 2-tetralone was used as identical twin electron donor–acceptor, and the Cβ and Cα of enals were used as the heterogeneous twin electron acceptor–donors. The process has been realized by a synergistic amine/p-TSA catalyzed one-pot cascade Michael addition–cyclopropanation–ring opening–oxa-Michael addition under mild conditions and without the use of transition metals.
Fracturas de la extremidad proximal de húmero en tres y cuatro fragmentos en el anciano: ¿Tratamiento conservador o artroplastia reversa?
Authors: Lopez María del Coro Solans , Conde Carlos Rodríguez , González José Carlos Álvarez , Mombiela Fausto López , Martín Ángel Pérez , Bernardo Mikel Aburto
Published: May 2024

Objetivo Comparar los resultados funcionales obtenidos en dos cohortes de pacientes ancianos tratados de forma quirúrgica (artroplastia reversa de hombro) versus tratamiento conservador.

Material y Métodos Estudio ambispectivo, no aleatorizado. Se incluyeron pacientes de 75 años o más, 15 tratados de forma quirúrgica y 16 siguieron tratamiento conservador. Seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses. A los 3, 6 y 12 meses de la fractura evaluamos las escalas ASES, Constant-Murley and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (DASH) y EVA. Además evaluamos los resultados radiológicos y las complicaciones.

Resultados No encontramos diferencias significativas para las escalas ASES, DASH, ni EVA .El grupo tratado de forma quirúrgica obtuvo a los 12 meses una puntuación media en la escala Constant mayor, diferencia estadísticamente significativa(75.1 +/-10.3 vs. 51.9 +/-12.4 p = 0.001). Además presentaban mayor rango de movilidad para flexión y rotación externa (128.9 +/-17 versus 99.3 +/-20.1 p = 0.001, and 35.7 +/-13.9 vs. 23.4 +/-15.5 p = 0.032). El 43% de los pacientes tratados mediante artroplastia reversa presentaban tuberosidades normoposicionadas y mejores resultados en las escalas versus pacientes con tuberosidades ausentes o malposicionadas. El grupo sometido a cirugía no presentó mayor tasa de complicaciones.

Conclusiones El tratamiento conservador en las fracturas de EPH en tres y cuatro fragmentos en pacientes ancianos ofrece buenos resultados en cuanto a dolor y funcionalidad en la mayoría de pacientes. Falta por definir qué pacientes por tener alta demanda funcional serían candidatos a tratamiento quirúrgico de entrada.

Nivel de Evidencia Nivel III
The New Delivery Method for Cardioplegic Solution in Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Rosseikin Evgeny V. , Kobzev Evgeny E. , Gornostaev Alexander A.
Published: May 2024

Adequate myocardial protection is crucial for a successful cardiac surgery. In type A aortic dissection, standard methods of delivery of cardioplegic solution may not be adequately effective. Ineffectiveness may happen due to both features of the anatomy of the dissection and to peculiarities of the delivery method itself. We present a new method of delivering a cardioplegic solution using a Foley catheter through the orifice of the brachiocephalic trunk or the left common carotid artery.
The Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients: An Overview of the Literature
Authors: Dolmaci Onur B. , Hilhorst Tijmen L. , Malekzadeh Arjan , Mertens Bart J.A. , Klautz Robert J.M. , Poelmann Robert E. , Grewal Nimrat
Published: May 2024

The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients is a debatable topic. Several studies have indicated that BAV patients have a lower prevalence of CAD compared with patients with a tricuspid aortic valve (TAV), but the effects of age and gender have not always been considered. This systematic review provides an overview of articles which report on CAD in BAV and TAV patients. Searches were executed in April 2021 and January 2022 according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines in three online databases: Medline, Embase, and Scopus. Screening and data extraction was done by two investigators separately. Primary and secondary outcomes were compared between BAV and TAV patients; a fixed effects model was used for correcting on confounders. Literature search yielded 1,529 articles with 44 being eligible for inclusion. BAV patients were younger (56.4 ± 8.3 years) than TAV patients (64 ± 10.3 years, p < 0.001). All CAD risk factors and CAD were more prevalent in TAV patients. No significant difference remained after correcting for age and gender as confounders. BAV patients have a lower prevalence of CAD and CAD risk factors compared with TAV patients. However, when the age differences between both groups are considered in the analyses, a similar prevalence of both CAD and CAD risk factors is found.
To Study Perioperative Changes in Plasma Phenytoin Levels in Patients with Brain Tumor Undergoing Craniotomy and Its Correlation with Postoperative Seizures
Authors: Kumawat Manjulata , Singh Amanpreet , Kumar Prashant , Johar Sanjay , Singh Ishwar
Published: May 2024

Introduction Phenytoin, although commonly used for postoperative seizure prophylaxis, exhibits variable results in mitigating seizure frequency following craniotomy. These discrepancies may be linked to a reduction in plasma phenytoin levels subsequent to the surgical intervention.

Aims This prospective study aims to characterize changes in plasma phenytoin levels after craniotomy and their relationship with intraoperative blood loss.

Methods Fifty consecutive patients were enrolled in this study after obtaining written informed consent. These patients had either been on oral phenytoin for at least 7 days or had received an intravenous loading dose before undergoing craniotomy. Serum phenytoin levels were measured 24 hours preoperatively, immediately before craniotomy (prior to skin incision), postcraniotomy (after skin closure), and 24 hours postcraniotomy. Additionally, intraoperative blood loss was calculated using a modified Gross formula.

Results Immediately following craniotomy, there was a statistically significant mean decline of 28.16% in serum phenytoin levels. Furthermore, the analysis revealed a robust positive correlation between the decrease in phenytoin concentration level and several factors, including blood loss during surgery, the duration of the surgical procedure, intravenous fluids administered during surgery, and the occurrence of postoperative seizures.

Conclusion This study underscores the potential utility of routinely measuring perioperative serum phenytoin levels in high-risk patients to prevent postcraniotomy seizures. Moreover, it suggests that patients with substantial intraoperative blood loss may benefit from an additional bolus dose of phenytoin toward the end of the surgical procedure.
Evaluation of Clinical and Laboratory Features of Rhinovirus Infections in Children
Authors: Yilmaz Naci , Ozkaya-Parlakay Aslinur , Yigit Metin , Gulhan Belgin , Yuksek Saliha Kanik , Bayhan Gulsum Iclal , Dinc Bedia , Korukluoglu Fatma Gulay
Published: May 2024

Objective Our aim in this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients afflicted with rhinovirus (RV) infections, compare their laboratory findings with a healthy population, determine the features of the clinical course of the illness in individuals with a chronic disease, and set out the risk factors involved in the need for mechanical ventilation (MV).

Methods The study was conducted on 318 pediatric patients aged 0 to 18 years diagnosed with RV infection. Patients were divided into two main groups, those with and without a chronic disease. The group with chronic disease was divided into four subgroups. Children with RV were compared with a control group of 231 healthy children.

Results The most common symptoms and signs were wheeze (65.4%), cough (65.1%), and tachypnea (50.3%). Compared with the healthy population, RV-positive patients showed significant increases in their white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, and platelet counts, and in their delta neutrophil index and C-reactive protein values (all p < 0.001). The most important risk factors in terms of the need for MV were elevated WBC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.404, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.059–1.862), chronic lung disease (CLD) (OR = 5.196, 95% CI: 2.296–11.762), reticular involvement (OR = 3.132, 95% CI: 1.259–7.793), and lobar involvement (OR = 10.575, 95% CI: 13.434–32.564).

Conclusion It is of vital importance that individuals with asthma and CLD are closely monitored and protected during RV seasonal periods as they are most at risk of severe infection, which can require high-flow nasal cannula and MV.
Tendencias en la cirugía de artroplastía total de rodilla en Chile. ¿Cómo las estamos operando?
Authors: Edwards Diego , Casas-Cordero Juan Pablo , Marín Felipe , Alonso Julián , Cerda Daniel , Acosta Manuel , Zelaya Gerardo
Published: May 2024

Introducción La artroplastía total de rodilla (ATR), que ha tenido un aumento importante en la población en las últimas décadas, presenta una gran variación en su estudio y técnica entre los distintos países. En la actualidad no hay datos nacionales registrados que evalúen la forma de su implementación.

Objetivo Registrar las tendencias respecto de la ATR en distintos aspectos en Chile y compararlas con los registros de otros países.

Materiales y Métodos Se realizó una encuesta vía email a cirujanos de rodilla en Chile considerando cuatro aspectos: generalidades, estudio preoperatorio, técnica quirúrgica y técnica de cementación. Se excluyeron las encuestas que no rellenadas por completo. Se analizaron los datos generales y separados según años de experiencia (ADE). Se compararon los datos con los obtenidos en estudios internacionales.

Resultados Se obtuvieron 87 encuestas completas. La mayoría de los encuestados realizaba entre 25 y 50 ATR en 1 año (44%), y el 16%, más de 75. Sólo un 20% utilizaba la modalidad ambulatoria, y un 43% creía que siempre deben ser hospitalizadas (mayor frecuencia en los cirujanos con más de 10 ADE). Un 18% utilizaba algún sistema robótico, con mayor frecuencia en cirujanos con más de 10 ADE; los sistemas más usados fueron ROSA y CORI. El 90% creía que la ATR debería ser parte del programa de Garantías Explícitas de Salud (GES), sin diferencias según ADE. El 81% usaba sistema estabilizado posterior (posterior-estabilized, PS, en inglés), 96% realizaba un abordaje parapatelar medial, 82% usaba guía extramedular tibial, 41% tendía a recambiar la patela, y un 35% no usaba torniquete (ninguna de las variables mostró diferencias según ADE). Sólo un 31% utilizaba cementación al vacío (mayor frecuencia en el grupo con menos de 10 ADE), 95% colocaba el cemento en componentes y en hueso, 75% colocaba en la quilla, y 56% utilizaba el dedo para colocarlo (sólo 22% con pistola). La secuencia más frecuente de cementación fue tibia-fémur-patela. En la mayoría de los aspectos evaluados, se observaron diferencias importantes con estudios de otros países.

Conclusión Existe una gran variabilidad en la realización de ATR en Chile, con tendencias distintas a las de otros países. En general, en relación con los distintos ADE, no hay grandes diferencias en la técnica quirúrgica, sí habiendo diferencias en la técnica de cementación y en el uso de sistemas robóticos.
The Effect of Different Anesthesia Depths on Postoperative Cognitive Function of Tumor Patients Monitored by Narcotrend
Authors: Zhao Xueli , Guo Ruina , Ma Xizhong , Hu Zhixun , Liu Jianghong
Published: May 2024

Objectives The study aimed to examine the influence of different anesthesia depths monitored by Narcotrend on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing radical resection of gastrointestinal malignancies.

Methods Individuals in the control group (n = 40) maintained the Narcotrend index (NTI) at 50 to 59 monitored by Narcotrend, whereas the experimental group at 30 to 39. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale and serum S100β concentration were used to evaluate the cognitive function. Cerebral oxygen metabolism and inflammation were evaluated, presenting as regional oxygen saturations of brain (rSO2) and cerebral oxygen uptake rate (CERO2), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Results Experimental group presented prominently high levels of rSO2 and low levels of CERO2 relative to controls, meanwhile with reduced serum TNF-α and IL-6. Individuals receiving deep anesthesia owned low levels of S100β and enhanced MMSE score, which showed negative correlation. Low incidence rate of POCD was detected in the experimental group. Both age (hazard ratio = 5.219, 95% confidence interval = 1.813–15.025) and NTI score (hazard ratio = 3.707, 95% confidence interval = 1.292–10.633) were independent influence factors for the onset of POCD.

Conclusion NTI maintained at 30 to 39 can reduce the incidence of POCD in the early postoperative period for elderly patients receiving gastrointestinal tumors surgery, the contribution might be attributed to the improvement of perioperative cerebral oxygen metabolism and inflammatory stress response.
The influence of enterprise dormitories on the urban integration of migrant workers in China: an exploration of two distinct migration stages of individual and family migration and the differences between them
Authors: Wei Wanqing , Zhang Li
Published: May 2024

The role of enterprise dormitories as the main living arrangements of Chinese migrant workers who are registered as rural residents but make their living in cities in pursuit of urbanisation cannot be ignored. However, the existing research on living spaces and the urban integration of migrant workers lacks sufficient focus on enterprise dormitories. Using the logit model to examine representative data on the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta areas and applying a national dataset taken from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey, we analyse how enterprise dormitories affect the urban integration of migrant workers across the different migration stages in this paper. The research results reveal that there are two migration stages in the urban integration of migrant workers. In the individual migration stage, based on the production target, enterprises accommodate migrant workers as a means of reducing their labour costs by increasing the labour time input of migrant workers. Moreover, in the family migration stage, enterprise dormitories are conducive to the low-cost integration of migrant workers into urban society, but they negatively affect further family migration because of the insufficient family living space that they provide. This research offers the intellectual foundation required for not only resolving the contradiction between the family reunification of migrant workers and their employment situation but also for the optimisation of housing policy.
Investigation of microfriction properties of graphene/AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy
Authors: Li Youhua , Ma Qianli , Yu Hechun , Zhang Suxiang , Zhang Guoqing , Wang Wenbo
Published: May 2024

Applying graphene (Gr) coatings to high-entropy alloys (HEA) is anticipated to enhance their tribological characteristics. The current understanding of the mechanism by which the Gr/HEA is enhanced at the atomic level is still limited. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the mechanical behavior and strengthening mechanism of the Gr/AlCoCrFeNi HEA during nanoindentation and nanoscratch. The results demonstrate a substantial increase in the indentation hardness of the Gr/AlCoCrFeNi HEA by about 2.4 times. When Gr changed from a single layer to three layers, it further improved (3.2 times for a double layer and 3.9 times for three layers). At the same time, the friction coefficient is effectively reduced. Furthermore, the elevated in-plane stiffness of the Gr coating leads to an expansion of the effective loading area, resulting in increased Shockley dislocation and stair-rod dislocation density within the Gr/AlCoCrFeNi HEA, thereby amplifying the strain hardening effect and reducing subsurface damage. Qualitative experiments confirmed the excellent wear resistance of the Gr/HEA, and coating Gr increased the width of scratches, effectively confirming our simulation results. These findings provide valuable insights for the development and design of Gr/HEA composite coatings with enhanced mechanical properties.
Named entities, naming practices, and their meanings – linguistic types and cultural contexts
Authors: Völkel Svenja
Published: May 2024

Although names exist in all languages of the world, their formal and functional manifestations show great
diversity. Due to their embeddedness in socio-cultural and historical contexts, an anthropological-linguistic approach that brings
together linguistic and cultural facts is required to capture the full meaning of names and naming practices. Overall, names are
given to entities of cultural importance and of significance for humans in social life; name usage and name-giving practices
reflect social beliefs and cultural values; and their meaning is strongly shaped by cultural and historical contexts. This paper
provides a typological, cross-linguistic overview of named entities, kinds of naming practices, and types of meanings associated
with names, name giving, and name usage, which are illustrated with numerous examples from Australia, Europe, and Africa.
Therefore, it also offers a structural framework for the contributions in this issue.
The dialectics of sport and history
Authors: Makaudze Godwin , Magongo Vusi Musa
Published: May 2024

This article explores the link between sport and history. It engages the linguistic landscaping and etymological analysis approaches to trace the origins of the names of stadia and their socio-historical significance. In-depth interviews and document analysis are used in the examination of five names of stadia: Somhlolo National Stadium, Mavuso Trade Centre Stadium, King Sobhuza II Memorial Stadium, Prince Wales Stadium, and Simunye Park Stadium. The findings show that the names of these stadia are a heritage, as past history and heroes are commemorated through them. Moreover, these self-given names, most of which are in the Swati indigenous language, make sense in the context of decoloniality theory. These observations have implications for further research as well as for onomastics.
A chameleonic evolution of a people’s wishes, identity, and
aspirations
Authors: Dube Liketso
Published: May 2024

Highlanders Football Club is the oldest football club in
Zimbabwe. The formation of the club is intertwined with the history of the
Ndebele nation. The club has changed names in response to various environments
over the years, starting from being called Lions Football Club to acquiring its
current name. The football club has always been associated with Ndebele royalty,
an issue that excites varied responses to its presence. The supporters of
Highlanders Football Club have given it quite a number of nicknames that are,
mainly, endearments. The names and nicknames both bear the wishes and
aspirations of the football team and its supporters. Highlanders Football Club has
become a form of identity, culture, and ideology to its supporters. This chapter
discusses messages that are conveyed by the names and nicknames of Zimbabwe’s
oldest football club from an onomastic perspective. Bearing in mind the fact
that onomastics is an interdisciplinary field, the chapter appreciates the
deep-seated social and political issues that these names and nicknames raise and
the aim is to bring them to the surface. It is also the aim of the chapter to
unravel the myth around the craze that seems to engulf the supporters of this
football club by examining the messages carried by its names and nicknames that
have kept changing over the years.
La fractocomposición
Authors: Solivellas Ivan
Published: May 2024

La fractocomposición es un proceso de formación de palabras que ha generado diferentes incógnitas y que,
generalmente, se ha estudiado desde la afijación o desde la composición culta. Por ello, este trabajo consiste en una aproximación
a los fractoconstituyentes y a las construcciones que generan. Así pues, el objetivo principal es analizar las propiedades de
estas unidades y definir qué es la fractocomposición como proceso de formación de palabras. Así, el trabajo ofrece una revisión
bibliográfica de diferentes aportaciones teóricas y un estudio empírico a partir de un corpus de unidades de la lengua catalana.
Además, el trabajo pone énfasis en el carácter fronterizo de los fractoconstituyentes, que se sitúan entre los afijos y los
elementos cultos.
Reconfigurable water-based metamaterial with hybrid mechanism for backward-scattering reduction
Authors: Li Shangru , Ding Fan , Yang Yuejie , Cheng Houyuan , Fu Yang , Yang Helin
Published: May 2024

A hybrid mechanism water-based metamaterial (HMWM) with polarization conversion, absorption and phase cancellation mechanisms is proposed in this paper. The absorption and polarization conversion mechanisms are integrated by combining the water layer with polarization conversion structure, and the absorption conversion rate reaches more than 90% in the dual band (4.0–4.7 GHz and 8.2–15.7 GHz). Based on the above mechanism, the phase cancellation mechanism makes use of the opposite phase between HMWM and its mirror structure for checkerboard configuration to reduce the wideband radar cross section (RCS) by 3–18 GHz, achieving wide-angle RCS reduction and polarization insensitivity. In addition, the model realizes stealth control by adjusting RCS reduction capability under different water layer conditions. The results of simulation and experiment agree well, which fully demonstrates that the HMWM has scattering suppression capability and has potential application in multifunctional metamaterial.
Ammonia synthesis by nonthermal plasma catalysis: a review on recent research progress
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Niu Jiangqi , Chen Shaowei , Chen Yi , Chen Huanhao , Fan Xiaolei
Published: May 2024

Ammonia is one of the most important industrial chemicals which is commonly used for producing fertilizers and cleaning solutions, as the refrigerant gas, and as the precursors for making various chemicals. With the goal of sustainable development, ammonia is also proposed as the clean fuel for decarbonized transportation. The current the Haber–Bosch process for ammonia synthesis has large footprint and operates under harsh conditions using fossil fuels as the feedstock, being recognized as the major carbon emission source. Accordingly, call for sustainable production of green ammonia using renewable energies is proposed. Ammonia synthesis assisted by nonthermal plasmas has emerged in recent years as a novel and mild electrified technology, which can potentially be coupled with intermittent renewable energies and green hydrogen. Although being promising, significant development is still needed to advance the technology towards practical applications at scales. Hence, this review comments the progression of key aspects of the plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis such as catalyst and reactor design, mechanistic understanding, and process parameters. The snapshot of the current developments and proposed perspectives hope to provide guidance for the future research efforts to drive the technology towards higher technology readiness levels.
Mitigation of reentry blackout via gas injection in arc-heating facility
Authors: Miyashita Takashi , Sugihara Yuji , Takahashi Yusuke , Nagata Yasunori , Kihara Hisashi
Published: May 2024

Communication blackouts during atmospheric reentry pose significant challenges to the safety and adaptability of spacecraft missions. This phenomenon, caused by the attenuation of electromagnetic waves by the plasma surrounding the spacecraft, disrupts communication with ground stations or orbiting satellites. Therefore, it is crucial to decrease the plasma density in the vicinity of the spacecraft to ensure an unobstructed electromagnetic wave communication path. This study proposes a methodology that involves the injection of gas from the vehicle’s wall to create an insulating layer near the surface. This thin layer maintains lower temperatures and reduced plasma density, enabling electromagnetic wave propagation without attenuation. Practical experiments were conducted in an arc-heating facility to simulate atmospheric reentry conditions. The results of the experiments provided empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the technique in mitigating communication blackout phenomena. Numerical fluid analysis within the wind tunnel chamber validated the formation of an air film layer near the experimental model owing to the injected gas. Schlieren imaging revealed distinctive jet shapes, which corroborated the findings of the numerical analysis. The wind tunnel tests that simulated atmospheric reentry environments confirmed the formation of an air film layer through gas injection, which substantiates the reduction in communication blackout. These results have the potential to improve communication reliability in space transport.
All-dielectric achromatic hole-array metasurfaces
Authors: Deng Fusheng , Jiang Jie , Guo Zhiwei , Su Xiaoqiang , Dong Lijuan , Liu Yanhong , Jiang Haitao , Shi Yunlong , Yang Yaping , Chen Hong
Published: May 2024

Metalens, an ultra-thin optical element composed of subwavelength structure, offers a new path for the development of miniaturized device imaging. Through the design of subwavelength units, arbitrary modulation of the phase, amplitude, and polarization of electromagnetic waves can be achieved. However, current metalenses generally suffer from the disadvantages of narrowband and Ohmic losses, which limits the development of high-quality imaging. In this work, using all-dielectric hole-array structure within the framework of effective medium theory, we demonstrate the achromatic focusing effect based on the basic Huygens principle. Moreover, by changing the position of the point source, this metalens can also achieve directional refraction with flexible angles. Our results provide a new solution for the practical application of miniaturized integrated high-quality imaging, and may open up avenues for constructing efficient artificial metasurface with metamaterials for energy harvesting and other wave manipulation.
Tensor renormalization group for fermions
Authors: Akiyama Shinichiro , Meurice Yannick , Sakai Ryo
Published: May 2024

We review the basic ideas of the tensor renormalization group method and show how they can be applied for lattice field theory models involving relativistic fermions and Grassmann variables in arbitrary dimensions. We discuss recent progress for entanglement filtering, loop optimization, bond-weighting techniques and matrix product decompositions for Grassmann tensor networks. The new methods are tested with two-dimensional Wilson–Majorana fermions and multi-flavor Gross–Neveu models. We show that the methods can also be applied to the fermionic Hubbard model in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions.
Concentration effects on the local structures and electronic properties of Er
x
BaY2−
x
F8: a first-principles study
Authors: Xiao Yang , Tang Bin , Wu Zhen-hai , Ju Meng , Yang Jin-ni
Published: May 2024

Er3+ doped barium yttrium fluoride (BaY2F8) crystal has gained long-term attention due to its great potential in laser and medical device applications. However, the local structures of Er3+ doped BaY2F8 system (Er:BYF) remain uncertain, and the effect of doping concentration on structures and properties is unknown. Therefore, in this study, the first-principles study of the structural evolution of Er
x
BaY2−x
F8 (x = 0.125, 0.25) crystals was carried out. By means of density functional theory and particle swarm optimization algorithm, the stable structures of Er:BYF crystals with two different concentrations are shown as standard monoclinic structures with P2 symmetry for the first time. The impurity Er3+ ions successfully enter the main lattice, replacing the Y3+ ions, and forming a [ErF8]5− polyhedron with C
2 point group symmetry. By calculating the electronic properties, the band gap values of the two structures are significantly reduced compared with that of pure BaY2F8 crystal. However, the conduction band does not break through the Fermi level, and the crystals still maintain the insulation characteristic. According to the calculation of the electron local density function, we conclude that Er–F and Y–F in Er:BYF are connected by ionic bonds. These results fill a theoretical gap in the study of Er:BYF crystals and provide inspiration for structural evolution and material design at different doping concentrations.
Results of round robin form measurements of optical aspheres and freeform surfaces
Authors: Fortmeier Ines , Asfour Jean-Michel , Beisswanger Rolf , Beutler Andreas , Dresel Thomas , Fleischmann Friedrich , Gregory Michael , Henselmans Rens , Klawitter Heiko , Kometer Ronald , Liebl Johannes , Meeß Rudolf , Messelink Wilhelmus A C M , Pruss Christof , Schulz Michael , Weidner Frank , Wendel Marc , Windemuth Reinhard , Löffler Frank
Published: May 2024

High-quality aspherical and freeform surfaces are in high demand, and the high-accuracy form measurement of such surfaces is a challenging task. To explore the current status of form measurement systems for complex surfaces such as aspheres and freeforms, interlaboratory comparison measurements are performed. This study presents the pseudonymized results obtained using three different surfaces (metal asphere, glass asphere, toroidal surface) in a total of six different round robins. These results were taken from a total of 13 different measurement instruments based on 9 different measurement principles and operated at 12 different laboratories. They were analyzed using a sophisticated procedure that was first developed in 2018 and then refined and tested on simulated data in 2022 to address the challenges of such a comparison at this level of accuracy. In the current study, we applied these refined methods to data acquired from tactile and optical point measurements as well as from optical areal measurements. As there are no absolutely measured and very well characterized reference standard aspherical and freeform surfaces available at the accuracy level of a few tens of nanometers root-mean-square, the approximated true forms of the surfaces were derived from the measurements and indicate the manufacturing accuracy of the surface forms. Then, the measurement’s differences to the approximated true forms were analyzed, which directly indicate the systematic measurement errors of the instruments. By also comparing the approximated true forms from the two different round robins for each surface, additional insights into the reliability and stability of these so-called virtual reference topographies were gained.
Photoelectrochemical properties of self-powered corundum-structured Ga2O3 nanorod array/fluorine-doped SnO2 photodetectors modulated by precursor concentrations
Authors: Zheng Zhi-Yuan , Fan Ming-Ming
Published: May 2024

Herein, corundum-structured Ga2O3 (α-Ga2O3) nanorod array/fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO) structures have been fabricated by hydrothermal and thermal annealing processes with different precursor concentrations from 0.01 to 0.06 M. The diameter and length of the nanorod arrays are much larger with increasing precursor concentrations due to more nucleation sites and precursor ions participating in the reaction procedures. The optical bandgap decreases from 4.75 to 4.47 eV because of the tensile stress relieving with increasing the precursor concentrations. Based on self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) photodetectors, the peak responsivity is improved from ∼0.33 mA W−1 for 0.06 M to ∼1.51 mA W−1 for 0.02 M. Schottky junctions can be formed in PEC cells. More photogenerated carriers can be produced in wider depletion region. From Mott–Schottky plots, the depletion regions become much wider with decreasing the precursor concentrations. Therefore, the enhance responsivity is owing to the wider depletion regions. Due to the reduced possibility of photogenerated holes captured by traps ascribed from fewer green and yellow luminescence defects, smaller charge transfer resistance, and shorter transportation route, the decay time becomes much faster through decreasing the precursor concentrations. Compared with the other self-powered α-Ga2O3-nanorod-array-based PEC photodetectors, it shows the fastest response time (decay time of 0.005 s/0.026 s) simply modulated by precursor concentrations for the first time without employing complex precursors, seed layers or special device designs. Compared with other high-responsivity monoclinic Ga2O3 (β-Ga2O3) self-powered photodetectors, our devices also show comparable response speed with simple control and design. This work provides the realization of fast-speed self-powered Ga2O3 based solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors by simple modulation processes and design, which is a significant guidance for their applications in warnings, imaging, computing, communication and logic circuit, in the future.
The regulation and its application of the charge decay rate in triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Zheng Jiahe , Lin Cheng , Zhao Jiajia , Wang Kaibin , Liu Jinmei , Cui Nuanyang , Gu Long
Published: May 2024

The decay rate of charge in the friction layer is one of the key factors affecting the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). Reducing the decay rate of the triboelectric charge can increase the charge-carrying capacity of the friction layer and improve the output current and voltage of the TENG. This makes a friction generator more suitable for discontinuous driving environments. In contrast, increasing the decay rate of the charge in the friction layer can greatly improve the recovery time of the device, although it reduces the output performance of the generator. This is conducive to the application of friction generator in the field of sensors. In this study, polystyrene (PS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers to adjust the charge decay time in the friction layer, thereby regulating the output performance of the friction generator and sensor. When the amount of added PS in the PVDF nanofiber reached 20%, the charge density on the friction surface increased by 1.9 times, and the charge decay time decreased by 64 times; when 0.1 wt% CNTs were added in the PVDF nanofiber, the charge decay time increased by more than 10 times. The former is more conducive to improving the power generation performance of the TENG, and the latter significantly improves the stability and repeatability of TENG-based sensors.
A reduced kinetic method for investigating non-local ion heat transport in ideal multi-species plasmas
Authors: Mitchell N T , Chapman D A , McDevitt C J , Read M P , Kagan G
Published: May 2024

A reduced kinetic method (RKM) with a first-principles collision operator is introduced in a 1D2V planar geometry and implemented in a computationally inexpensive code to investigate non-local ion heat transport in multi-species plasmas. The RKM successfully reproduces local results for multi-species ion systems and the important features expected to arise due to non-local effects on the heat flux are captured. In addition to this, novel features associated with multi-species, as opposed to single species, cases are found. Effects of non-locality on the heat flux are investigated in mass and charge symmetric and asymmetric ion mixtures with temperature, pressure, and concentration gradients. In particular, the enthalpy flux associated with diffusion is found to be insensitive to sharp pressure and concentration gradients, increasing its significance in comparison to the conductive heat flux driven by temperature gradients in non-local scenarios. The RKM code can be used for investigating other kinetic and non-local effects in a broader plasma physics context. Due to its relatively low computational cost it can also serve as a practical non-local ion heat flux closure in hydrodynamic simulations or as a training tool for machine learning surrogates.