bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smallholders’ Oil Palm Agroforestry: Barriers and Factors Influencing Adoption
Authors: Susanti Ari , Marhaento Hero , Permadi Dwiko Budi , Budiadi Budiadi , Imron Muhammad Ali , Hermudananto Hermudananto , Nurjanto Handojo Hadi , Susanto Denni , Santoso Heri , Bakhtiar Irfan , Maimunah Siti
Published: April 2021

Oil palm has become an important export commodity for Indonesia and has been cultivated by both smallholders and large scale companies mainly as monoculture plantations. Research suggests that this massive monoculture practice has led to adverse impacts on natural and social systems. Smallholders encounter difficulties to cope with extreme climate events such as long dry seasons, fluctuating commodity price and long-term tenure insecurity. We argue that oil palm agroforestry (OPAF) could become a promising and realistic alternative to deal with these problems under social forestry (SF) program. To date, OPAF has been adopted by merely small number of smallholders in Indonesia in a limited scale. This article aims at analysing the barriers and factors which influence the decision of smallholders in adopting OPAF. We employ a hybrid method which combines qualitative and quantitative analysis. Binary logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors influencing OPAF adoption. Our findings suggest that education, having side job and relative location of smallholders’ have significantly influenced smallholders’ decision in adopting OPAF. Knowledge gaps especially on the yields and management of OPAF have likely led to low OPAF adoption.
Penilaian Wisatawan Terhadap Komponen Destinasi Wisata: Atraksi, Amenitas, Aksesibilitas dan Pelayanan Tambahan Pada Objek Wisata Kebun Raya Liwa
Authors: Tsani Machya K. , Harianto Sugeng P. , Santoso Trio , Masruri Niskan W. , Winarno Gunardi D.
Published: April 2021

The development of a tourist attraction must pay attention to the tourists’necessity. To fulfill these needs there are 4 main components that must be fulfilled. This study aims to determine the assessment of tourists to the 4 main components (attraction, amenities, accessibility, and ancillary service) on the natural attractions of the Liwa Botanical Garden. This research was carried out in the Liwa Botanical Garden located in Kubu Perahu Village, Balik Bukit District, Liwa City, West Lampung Regency. Data was collected for 100 tourists by accidental sampling. Data analysis using a likert scale and data scoring. The results showed that of the 4 components of tourist destinations in the KRL object, only the attraction component had adequate value. The three other components (accessibility, safety and ancillary services) are in the sufficient category so that it would be better if there were improvements to the indicators of the 3 other variables such as: addition of public transportation, control of parking areas, addition of food stalls, procurement of lodging for public, improvement of central services information, the addition of public toilets, provided a special place to buy souvenirs, giving pictures of the types of rubbish in the trash, and need to add a communication network spot so that tourists feel more comfortable and enjoy their visit.
Retirees Beware!
Authors: Kochman Ladd , Bray David
Published: April 2021

None
Total irregularity strength of some cubic graphs
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad , Asim Muhammad Ahsan , Khan S. , Waseem Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Let G = (V;E) be a graph. A total labeling ψ : V ⋃ E → {1, 2, ....k} is called totally irregular total k-labeling of G if every two distinct vertices u and v in V (G) satisfy wt(u) ≠wt(v); and every two distinct edges u1u2 and v1v2 in E(G) satisfy wt(u1u2) ≠ wt(v1v2); where wt(u) = ψ (u) + ∑uv∊E(G) ψ(uv) and wt(u1u2) = ψ(u1) + ψ(u1u2) + ψ(u2): The minimum k for which a graph G has a totally irregular total k-labeling is called the total irregularity strength of G, denoted by ts(G): In this paper, we determine the exact value of the total irregularity strength of cubic graphs.
Hacer visible, hacer cine
Authors: Peláez Rodolfo
Published: April 2021

Dar espacio a la reflexión y la conversación alrededor del fenómeno cinematográfico es, sin duda, uno de los objetivos de un proyecto editorial como el que ha representado Estudios Cinematográficos a lo largo de más de veinticinco años. Con la transformación del Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos en Escuela Nacional de Artes Cinematográficas, la institución entró en una nueva etapa desde la cual repensar la investigación, la enseñanza y la difusión de las prácticas y de las culturas cinematográficas, en la que su revista Estudios Cinematográficos pretende mantenerse como un instrumento detonador del análisis y la crítica, desde sus dos plataformas: la impresa —con este número 40— y la digital, con el número dos, con el título de «Ética y visibilidad», al considerar que el cine todo lo visibiliza, incluso si no lo muestra, pues la elipsis, como la mirada, nos dirige fuera de la pantalla, al espacio, o el tiempo, que complementan el objeto fílmico, sea real o configurado, pero en todo momento ligado a nuestras certidumbres y creencias y la manera en que validamos lo que vemos. De estas inquietudes derivó la propuesta de conformar un número sobre la fusión de estos dos tópicos desde la perspectiva fílmica, ética y visibilidad, se trate de ficción o de documental, o del análisis sobre los fenómenos y productos cinematográficos.
De la traducción a la adaptación el mito y la obra literaria de Macunaíma
Authors: Del Rivera Herrera Antonio , Sánchez Meneses Iliana
Published: April 2021

La obra literaria de Mário de Andrade, Macunaíma. El héroe sin ningún carácter, publicada en 1928, está enmarcada en el modernismo brasileño que se originó durante los años veinte. En ella se muestra el multiculturalismo brasileño a través de la apropiación de las tradiciones orales de la amazonía y de la zona de São Paulo. Cabe destacar que el modernismo brasileño fue un movimiento crítico a las vanguardias europeas y que adaptó sólo algunos elementos que le sirvieron al contexto latinoamericano.

El presente texto realiza un análisis de la traducción de los mitos amazónicos compilados por el etnólogo alemán Theodor Koch-Grünberg (1872-1924) a la obra Macunaíma. El héroe sin ningún carácter, y a su vez la adaptación de ésta a la película con el mismo nombre realizada en 1969 por Joaquim Pedro de Andrade, producida en un contexto de dictadura militar. Proponemos la categoría de traducción intersemiótica de Peeter Torop (entre sistemas semióticos de distintos lenguajes), la cual ayudará al estudio de las similitudes y diferencias de la naturaleza formal de la obra.
Eliseo Subiela
Authors: Mora Catlett Juan
Published: April 2021

Entrevista al cineasta argentino Eliseo Subiela, quien creó un cine con tintes dramáticos y poéticos, entre los bordes del realismo mágico y el surrealismo. Perteneció a la Juventud Peronista y a los 17 años hizo su primer cortometraje titulado Un largo silencio (1963); continuó alternando su trabajo de cineasta con la publicidad. El nombre de Subiela resonó con Hombre mirando al sudeste (1986), que obtuvo diversos premios y, posteriormente con El lado oscuro del corazón (1992). Falleció en Argentina el 25 de diciembre de 2016.
Tragedia griega
Authors: Peláez Rodolfo , Merino Orlando
Published: April 2021

Reseña editorialTragedia griega: un estudio literario [Greek Tragedy: A Literary Study, 3rd edition], H. D. F. Kitto, tr. Miguel Bustos García, Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos : UNAM, México, 2018; 432 páginas. ISBN 978-607-30-1225-6
A vulnerability-based risk assessment of the threatened area surrounding Popocatépetl Volcano to support decision-making during a volcanic crisis
Authors: Ramos Jiménez Esteban
Published: April 2021

El volcán Popocatépetl, ubicado en la parte central de México, se encuentra rodeado por una región densamente poblada que excede los 20 millones de habitantes. Su actividad histórica de los últimos 500 años se ha limitado a varias erupciones de pequeñas a moderadas, análogas al episodio actual (1994 al presente). Sin embargo, desde la destrucción del cono ancestral hace unos 23 000 años B.P., el Popocatépetl ha dado lugar a una amplia gama de erupciones tanto en tamaño como en tipo, incluyendo eventos plinianos y colapsos masivos de sector. Muchas de de las erupciones mayores han dado lugar a grandes volúmenes de material de caída de tefra que se han extendido al menos unos 20 kilómetros hacia el sureste, entre 10 y 15 kilómetros al noreste y 15 a 18 kilómetros en el sector oeste. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los eventos plinianos cubrieron áreas más extensas con material de caída de pómez, flujos de piroclásticos y depósitos de lahar. Basados en la distribución actual de población y de los asentamientos humanos, y considerando la experiencia de evacuación efectuada durante los picos de actividad volcánica, en este trabajo se ha desarrollado una evaluación del riesgo basado en la vulnerabilidad de las áreas amenazadas alrededor del Popocatépetl, con la finalidad de apoyar la toma de decisiones ante una potencial crisis volcánica.
A method for a rapid measurement of geostrophic currents in coastal waters: A bay case study
Authors: Filonov Anatoliy Filonov , Pantoja Diego A. , Mireles-Loera Omar , Tereshchenko Iryna , Ladah Lydia Betty , Monzon Cesar
Published: April 2021

Mediante el método de CTD ondulante se calculan las corrientes geostróficas en un par de secciones paralelas cerca de la costa. Las componentes de la velocidad se estiman en cada cuadrilátero formado entre las secciones y las estaciones consecutivas. Con ésta metodología una campaña se puede realizar en tan solo 5 horas, si por ejemplo se considera un transecto de 20 km de longitud, con estaciones a cada 1 km y hasta una profundidad de 300 m. Para verificar esta metodología, se usaron datos de una campaña hidrográfica en Bahía de Banderas donde se tomaron hasta 120 perfiles en dos días de trabajo, con los cuales se realizó una malla regular con técnicas de mapeo objetivo de los campos hidrográficos que al final se compararon con las corrientes geostróficas calculadas mediante las rutinas GSW-TEOS10. La diferencia entre los resultados de la malla regular y las secciones paralelas resulto menor del 3.5%. En el presente estudio, la metodología se probó en una bahía, donde las corrientes observadas mostraron una estructura bien definida y persistente durante el muestreo, por lo que aplicar esta metodología en otras partes de la zona costera, por ejemplo en mar abierto, podría presentar más variabilidad en los resultados.
Awareness of COVID-19, Protective Measures and Attitude Towards Vaccination among University of Jeddah Health Field Community: A Questionnaire-Based Study
Authors: Hershan Almonther A.
Published: April 2021

This cross-sectional study aimed to measure the awareness, and attitude towards COVID-19 disease as well as new vaccine acceptance, among health field community (healthcare workers, health fields teaching staff and students) at the University of Jeddah, Jeddah Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was designed in English language and included a set of 44 multiple-choice close-ended questions that covered demographic profile of participants, awareness of symptoms and practice against COVID-19. It also included a set of questions that attempted to investigate the attitudes and perceptions towards the uptake of vaccine. Out of the total 186 who participated in this study, 48.4% were 24 years old or younger and 55.9% were health field students. The results showed that majority of participants were aware of most common symptoms and causes of COVID-19 and had positive attitude toward the protective measures against the disease. Regarding the acceptability of vaccination against COVID-19, around 44% of the total participants showed hesitancy to uptake the vaccine of whom, 68.3% were concerned about the adverse effects of the vaccine. Significant differences were found between gender and current position at university of Jeddah in term of vaccine acceptance with p-values of < 0.001. Despite this high level of awareness, health field community at the university of Jeddah have medium acceptance level of disease vaccine. Thus, health educational programs are important to increase the acceptance level among such societies which will contribute to increase the acceptance level among the whole society.
Medical Education in Internal Medicine
Authors: Brandt Vegas Daniel , Martin Leslie , Ma Irene W.Y. , Hui Philip , Bursey Ford
Published: April 2021

The 2019 CSIM national meeting included a workshop focused on current topics related to medical education across Canada. The workshop topics included leadership in education, teaching point of care ultrasound, teaching clinical reasoning, and using competency based medical education to design a maintenance of competency program for practicing specialists. This article reflects the experience and discussions from the session, with the goal of stimulating national conversations and collaborations betweenCSIM members.
Rheumatoid Vasculitis Following Change to Naturopathic Remedies
Authors: Prosperi-Porta Graeme , Wilson Ben John
Published: April 2021

A 66-year old femal with longstanding seropositive rheumatoid arthritis was admitted to the internal medicine service with bilateral foot pain and new painless raised fluid filled black lesions on her feet. Two weeks prior she underwent a right great toe amputation for "gangrene" by podiatric surgery. Five months prior, the patient discontinued all disease modifying therapies to pursue naturopathic remedies. The patient was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis vasculitis and despite immunosupressive therapies, the patient ultimately underwent bilateral transmetatarsal amputations for progression disease progression. This case reinforces the imporance for physicians to strongly discourage only using naturopathic remedies in rheumatoid arthritis and to consider vasculitis in any patient with rheumatoid arthritis presenting with new skin lesions as late detection can have severe implications.
Postoperative Pain Management
Authors: Mazda Yusuke , Jadin Sandra , Kahn James S.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTAfter surgery, over 80% of people experience moderate-to-severe acute pain. Poorly controlled postoperative pain limits recovery and is associated with detrimental short- and long-term morbidity. While surgeons have traditionally been responsible for postoperative pain management, all clinicians providing care for surgical patients have a basic understanding of common pharmacologic and interventional pain management strategies. In this review, we discuss the consequences of acute pain, approaches to pain assessment, and an overview of commonly used therapies to manage postoperative pain.
RÉSUMÉAprès une opération, plus de 80 % des gens ressentent des douleurs aiguës modérées à intenses. Une douleur postopératoire mal maîtrisée limite le rétablissement et est associée à une morbidité défavorable à court et à long terme. Bien que les chirurgiens soient habituellement responsables du traitement de la douleur postopératoire, il est impératif que tous les cliniciens qui soignent des patients ayant subi une intervention chirurgicale aient une connaissance de base des stratégies pharmacologiques et interventionnelles courantes relatives au traitement de la douleur. Dans cette revue, nous abordons les conséquences de la douleur aiguë, les approches de l’évaluation de la douleur et un aperçu des traitements couramment utilisés pour traiter la douleur postopératoire.
Aplicación de un modelo de competitividad para las zonas francas permanentes en Colombia
Authors: Echeverry Gutiérrez Paola Andrea , Valencia Salazar Jesús David
Published: April 2021

This article aims to show the importance of determining the level of competitiveness of the Permanent Free Trade Zones (PFTZ) in Colombia, from the applicability of a business competitiveness model that seeks to analyze their competitive potential and establish strategies for the optimal development in this sector. A diagnosis of the permanent free trade zones in Colombia was carried out, in which aspects such as: the subsectors in which the free trade zones are focused, percentage of participation, number of industrial users of goods or services, promotion of free trade zones through electronic means, types of certifications they have, among others; Immediately afterwards, the Business Competitiveness Model of Manuel Humberto Jiménez was applied to 10 PFTZ of Colombia, which allowed determining the level of competitiveness of these, it should be noted that for the application of the model, a questionnaire of 22 questions was designed that were applied to some of the senior managers ...
Effectiveness of posterior aortopexy for the left pulmonary vein obstruction between the left atrium and the descending aorta
Authors: Choi Kwang Ho , Kim Hyungtae , Sung Si Chan , Lee Hyoung Doo , Ko Hoon , Byun Joung-Hee
Published: April 2021

Background: Left pulmonary vein (PV) obstruction can occur due to
compression between the left atrium (LA) and the descending aorta (DA).
One of the effective solutions for this problem is posterior aortopexy.
In this study, we have reported five cases of posterior aortopexy to
relieve left PV obstruction between the LA and the DA. Methods: Since
August 2012, five patients have undergone posterior aortopexy for
compression of the left PV between the LA and the DA. The median age and
weight of the patients at the time of operation were 5.5 months (range,
1-131 months) and 5.2 kg (range, 4.2-29.5 kg), respectively. The left PV
obstruction was initially diagnosed on echocardiography in four patients
and computed tomography angiography in one patient. The median peak
pressure gradient across the obstructed left PV was 7.3 mmHg (range,
4-20 mmHg). Concomitant procedures were ventricular septal defect
closure in one patient and patent ductus arteriosus ligation in one
patient. Results: There was no PV obstruction on echocardiography in any
of the patients after the operation except in the case of one patient
who had diffuse pulmonary vein stenosis. The median follow-up duration
was 34 months (range, 14-89 months), and during follow-up no incidence
of the left PV obstruction was observed in any of the surviving
patients. Conclusions: The posterior aortopexy technique could be a good
surgical option for the left PV obstruction caused by compression
between the LA and the anteriorly positioned DA.
Larger body size leads to greater female beluga whale reproductive activity at the southern periphery of their range
Authors: Ferguson Steven , Yurkowski David , Hudson Justine , Edkins Tera , Willing Cornelia , Watt Cortney
Published: April 2021

Identification of phenotypic characteristics in reproductively
successful individuals provides important insights into the evolutionary
processes that cause range shifts due to environmental change. Female
beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Baffin Bay region (BB) of
the Canadian Arctic in the core area of the species’ geographic range
have larger body size than their conspecifics at the southern range
periphery in Hudson Bay (HB). We investigated the mechanism for this
north and south divergence as it relates to reproductive activity (RA =
total corpora) that combines morphometric data with ovarian corpora
counted from female reproductive tracts. Based on the previous finding
of reproductive senescence in older HB females, but not for BB whales,
we compared RA patterns the of the two populations’ with age and body
length. Female beluga whale RA increased more quickly with age (63%
partial variation explained) in BB than in HB (41%). In contrast, body
length in HB female beluga whale accounted for considerably more of the
total variation (12 vs 1%) in RA compared to BB whales. We speculate
that female HB beluga whale RA was more strongly linked with body length
due to higher population density resulting in food competition that
favors the energetic advantages of larger body size during seasonal food
limitations. Understanding the evolutionary mechanism of how RA, and
potentially fitness, varies across a species’ range will assist
conservation efforts in anticipating and mitigating future challenges
associated with a warming planet.
Open Spaces and Elements Designed to the Landscape of Hortobágy National Park
Authors: Garzón Fernando Arturo Mendez
Published: April 2021

The project arises from problems found it in the poor dissemination of information, low identity with the surrounding, limited resistance and deficient quality of materials, impossibility of non-Hungarian speakers to access the information, difficulty of recognition and identification of the places by the visitors and the inexistence of a common morphologic language in the elements and spaces for the network of National Parks including for the Hortobágy case. From the academy, the proposal is planned to be inserted within the project of renewal and enhancement of the network of National Parks of Hungary. The project's methodological framework is composed of a nonlinear axis, which covers different levels of the process; Beginning with related worldwide cases data collection and literature review as well as Hungarian National Parks data, then data analysis and evaluation to identify the landscape character, the establishment of design parameters, experimentation into the study area, design alternatives formulation, assessment, and qualifying, finally design in detail and validation of the results.
The paper seeks to show a unique system of elements and spaces, designed in the framed of the Hungarian National Parks, in this study case, specifically for the Hortobágy National Park located at east Hungary materialized in a group of pre-set areas, outdoor furniture and signalling elements that fit harmoniously into the landscape. Thus, integrating concepts such as landscape character, local identity, sustainability, high technology, and universality result in a proposal of high-quality design for the improvement of the competitiveness and to enhance people´s experience in the Hortobágy NP and the enjoyment of its landscape through the formulation of a viable and comprehensive design proposal.
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Nacionālā parka Hortobágy projekts pierādīja, ka ainavas uztveri ir iespējams optimizēt un pārveidot, izmantojot unikālu morfoloģisko koncepciju, izveidojot vienotu un standartizētu identitāti starp parku un elementiem. Vienlīdz uzlabojot katras teritorijas vietas identitāti, elementu dizainu ar specifiskām un unikālām vietas īpašībām. Rezultātā iegūta ekonomiski izdevīga un pamatota parka attīstības vīzija, veidojot parku par tūrisma vidi, radot ekonomisku, sociālu un videi ilgtspējīgu elementu sistēmu, panākot harmonisku un integrētu līdzsvaru starp vietni, funkcijām un lietotājiem. Nacionālā parka publiskā ārtelpa ir jāsaprot kā dzīves vide sabiedrībai, kas ļauj piesavināties un kolektīvi izmantot parka teritoriju. Projekta risinājumi parādīja, ka publiskā ārtelpa nosaka iedzīvotāju mijiedarbību, tūrisma pieredzes baudīšanu, identifikācijas līmeni un apropriācijas formas, kas tiek noteiktas līdzvērtīgos parkos.
Diurnal photoperiods and rhythmicity of the phototropic bending response in hypocotyls of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. seedlings
Authors: Vinterhalter Dragan , Vinterhalter Branka
Published: April 2021

Research on phototropic (PT) bending in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Kondi (Syngenta)) seedling hypocotyls presented herein focused on a comparison of diurnal and free-running photoperiods with the aim of explaining the development of diurnal rhythmicity. PT bending magnitudes and lag phase duration exhibited strong daily rhythmicity in all diurnal photoperiods, contrasting with the uniform PT bending response to constant light (CL) conditions. Plants had a daytime maximum for PT bending magnitudes in experiments starting around midday and a minimum in the dark period in those starting 4 h after dusk. Plants could compensate for large differences in the daytime duration of diurnal photoperiods. They required the first 4 h of darkness to recover and synchronize the PT bending and to start increasing the magnitudes of PT bending. The daily pattern of lag phase duration changes was similar but inverted, showing that synchronization also occurred during nighttime. Darkness was not required for PT bending under CL conditions, however, during diurnal photoperiods it enabled the establishment of diurnal rhythmicity and synchronized changes in PT bending capacity to occur when needed, providing maximal values at midday and minimal during the nighttime. Under prolonged duration of daytime corresponding to the start of CL condition, plantlets rapidly abandoned circadian regulation, their PT bending response becoming arrhythmic.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease Exacerbations Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Albogami Yasser , Cusi Kenneth , Daniels Michael J. , Wei Yu-Jung J. , Winterstein Almut G.
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

Emerging data from animal and human pilot studies suggest potential benefits of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) on lung function. We aimed to assess the association of GLP-1RA and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) exacerbation in a population with comorbid type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CLRD.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A new-user active-comparator analysis was conducted with use of a national claims database of beneficiaries with employer-sponsored health insurance spanning 2005–2017. We included adults with T2D and CLRD who initiated GLP-1RA or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4I) as an add-on therapy to their antidiabetes regimen. The primary outcome was time to first hospital admission for CLRD. The secondary outcome was a count of any CLRD exacerbation associated with an inpatient or outpatient visit. We estimated incidence rates using inverse probability of treatment weighting for each study group and compared via risk ratios.

RESULTS

The study sample consisted of 4,150 GLP-1RA and 12,540 DPP-4I new users with comorbid T2D and CLRD. The adjusted incidence rate of first CLRD admission during follow-up was 10.7 and 20.3 per 1,000 person-years for GLP-1RA and DPP-4I users, respectively, resulting in an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.52 (95% CI 0.32–0.85). For the secondary outcome, the adjusted incidence rate ratio was 0.70 (95% CI 0.57–0.87).

CONCLUSIONS

GLP-1RA users had fewer CLRD exacerbations in comparison with DPP-4I users. Considering both plausible mechanistic pathways and this real-world evidence, potential beneficial effects of GLP-1RA may be considered in selection of an antidiabetes treatment regimen. Randomized clinical trials are warranted to confirm our findings.
Alcohol Abstinence and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Choi You-jung , Han Kyung-Do , Choi Eue-Keun , Jung Jin-Hyeung , Lee So-Ryoung , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y.H.
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effects of alcohol abstinence on prevention of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 1,112,682 patients newly diagnosed with T2DM between 2011 and 2014 were identified from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. After excluding those with a history of AF, 175,100 patients were included. The primary outcome was new-onset AF.

RESULTS

During a mean follow-up of 4.0 years, AF occurred in 4,174 patients. Those with heavy alcohol consumption (alcohol intake ≥40 g/day) before T2DM diagnosis had a higher risk of AF (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.22; 95% CI 1.06–1.41) compared with patients with no alcohol consumption. After T2DM diagnosis, those with moderate to heavy alcohol consumption (alcohol intake ≥20 g/day) who abstained from alcohol had a lower risk of AF (aHR 0.81; 95% CI 0.68–0.97) compared with constant drinkers. Alcohol abstinence showed consistent trends toward lower incident AF in all subgroups and was statistically significant in men (aHR 0.80; 95% CI 0.67–0.96), those aged >65 years (aHR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52–0.91), those with CHA2DS2-VASc score <3 points (aHR 0.71; 95% CI 0.59–0.86), noninsulin users (aHR 0.77; 95% CI 0.63–0.94), and those with BMI <25 kg/m2 (aHR 0.68; 95% CI 0.53–0.88).

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, alcohol abstinence was associated with a low risk of AF development. Lifestyle modifications, such as alcohol abstinence, in patients newly diagnosed with T2DM should be recommended to reduce the risk of AF.
A Randomized, Open-Label Comparison of Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec Titration Strategies Versus Once-Daily Insulin Glargine U100
Authors: Lingvay Ildiko , Buse John B. , Franek Edward , Hansen Melissa V. , Koefoed Mette M. , Mathieu Chantal , Pettus Jeremy , Stachlewska Karolina , Rosenstock Julio
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

Insulin icodec is a novel once-weekly basal insulin analog. This trial investigated the efficacy and safety of icodec using different once-weekly titration algorithms.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a phase 2, randomized, open-label, 16-week, treat-to-target study. Insulin-naive adults (n = 205) with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c 7–10% while treated with oral glucose-lowering medications initiated once-weekly icodec titrations A (prebreakfast self-measured blood glucose target 80–130 mg/dL; adjustment ±21 units/week; n = 51), B (80–130 mg/dL; ±28 units/week; n = 51), or C (70–108 mg/dL; ±28 units/week; n = 52), or once-daily insulin glargine 100 units/mL (IGlar U100) (80–130 mg/dL; ±4 units/day; n = 51), all titrated weekly. Percentage of time in range (TIR) (70–180 mg/dL) during weeks 15 and 16 was measured using continuous glucose monitoring.

RESULTS

TIR improved from baseline (means: A, 57.0%; B, 55.2%; C, 51.0%; IGlar U100, 55.3%) to weeks 15 and 16 (estimated mean: A, 76.6%; B, 83.0%; C, 80.9%; IGlar U100, 75.9%). TIR was greater for titration B than for IGlar U100 (estimated treatment difference 7.08%-points; 95% CI 2.12 to 12.04; P = 0.005). No unexpected safety signals were observed. Level 2 hypoglycemia (<54 mg/dL) was low in all groups (0.05, 0.15, 0.38, 0.00 events per patient-year of exposure for icodec titrations A, B, and C and IGlar U100, respectively), with no episodes of severe hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS

Once-weekly icodec was efficacious and well tolerated across all three titration algorithms investigated. The results for icodec titration A (80–130 mg/dL; ±21 units/week) displayed the best balance between glycemic control and risk of hypoglycemia.
OS ENTRAVES DO ENSINO REMOTO PARA FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICA NO CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS - BIOLOGIA E QUÍMICA NO IEAA/UFAM
Authors: Marques de Freitas Felipe Augusto , Silva Santos Erinéia da
Published: April 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os impactos das aulas remotas no ensino e aprendizado de discentes do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências - Biologia e Química, do Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente (IEAA), da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM). O método para a coleta dos dados foi através de um questionário semiestruturado com questões abertas e fechadas destinado aos alunos matriculados a partir do 8º período, assumindo uma abordagem de cunho qualitativo. Os resultados apontaram que 82,8% dos participantes consideram que a proposta de ensino, embora seja boa como uma medida paliativa para sanar lacunas ocasionadas pela suspensão das aulas presenciais, ocasionará interferência no aprendizado por não comtemplar todas as áreas de ensino. Ao considerar os resultados das análises se percebe que ainda deve-se pensar em ações que possam ampliar esse novo modelo de ensino para que possa minimizar as perdas no ensino e aprendizado da comunidade acadêmica.
Experimental Study of the Use of Phase Change Materials as Cooling Media on Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: Thaib Razali , Umar Hamdani , Rizal T. Azuar
Published: April 2021

Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) is a combination of electrical technology from photovoltaic solar panels (PV) with building construction. The PV panel was mounted onto the frames attached to the building's main outer wall. When solar radiation energy comes into contact on the PV surface, some part is reflected in the surroundings while mostly absorbed in the PV panel. The energy absorbed is converted into electricity while the rest dissipates into thermal energy, which increases the surface temperature of PV. The increases in the panels' surface temperature negatively impact the electrical output and PV panels' long-term reliability. One of them is the use of phase change materials (PCM) as heat storage materials. This research also emphasizes the use of beeswax as a material for storing heat energy. Using the T-History method by fusing beeswax, show that the temperature range between 49,40 to 57.15 oC with latent enthalpy 151.65 kJ/kg. In this research, we tested the use of PCM as a heat storage material for PV panels. Two types of containers to accommodate PCM are used, triangular containers and semicircular containers. From the test results, it was found that beeswax can function well as a heat storage so that the surface temperature of the PV + PCM panel is lower than that of standard PV. So that the voltage generated is higher than standard PV panels.
The first GM crop in Bangladesh – Bt Eggplant
Authors: Quamruzzaman AKM
Published: April 2021

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) commonly called Brinjal is the most popular vegetable in Bangladesh. It is extensively cultivated around homesteads and in commercial fields throughout the year. It is estimated that nearly 67 percent of the eggplant crop yield in Bangladesh is lost due to the damage caused by Leucinodes orbonalis also known as eggplant fruit and shoot borer (EFSB). EFSB is reportedly the most serious pest of eggplant. To overcome this EFSB problem Bt eggplant project has been initiated in 2004. The Agricultural Biotechnology Support Project II (ABSPII) is a USAID-supported project that has funded the development of Bt eggplant in Bangladesh under the Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) received the Event EE-1 eggplant in Mahyco and backcrossed into nine popular eggplant varieties of Bangladesh selected based on the regional consumer preference. The efficacy of cry1Ac gene in providing effective resistance to the target pest was also assessed in terms of productively (fruit yield increase) which was studied in 9 Bt eggplant lines for a period of 7 years from 2008 to 2015. To launch the best 4 varieties, BARI applied to the National Technical Committee on Crop Biotechnology (NTCCB). For release of GM crop variety, first of all follow the recommendation of NTCCB, then submitted to the National Technical Committee on Crop Biotechnology (NTCCB) Core Committee and then to the National Committee on Biosafety (NCB). The Bangladesh government approved four varieties namely, BARI Bt Begun-1 (Uttara), BARI Bt Begun-2 (Kazla), BARI Bt Begun-3 (Nayantara) and BARI Bt Begun-4 (BARI Begun-6 or ISD006) on 30 October 2013 and these got momentum countrywide. On 22 January 2014, Bt seedlings were distributed among 20 farmers in four districts of Bangladesh as the first genetically modified (GM) crops. After the government of Bangladesh approved the cultivation of Bt eggplant in 2013, its popularity is increasing day by day and the socio-economic condition of the farmers is also improving. Bt eggplant started its journey in 2014 with only 20 farmers, in seven years it has grown to about 27012 farmers and from 8 acres to about 5,000 acres. This advancement of Bt eggplant has also faced opposition from different quarters at different times. Today, the progress of Bt eggplant continues by overcoming all obstacles. Field days, trainings, various publications, documentary making, use of mass and social media, observations, workshops, stewardship activities are acting as important regulators of this progress.
The Impact of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa Food Security and Human Development
Authors: Guina José , Ferrão Jorge , Bell Victoria , Fernandes Tito
Published: April 2021

Poverty, malnutrition, food insecurity, and hunger are social determinants of health, well-being, and when associated with other resource-related hardships (e.g., housing instability, energy insecurity) are serious and costly constraints to human development. Sub-Saharan Africa is home to the world’s poorest countries and most family farmers do not have access to markets, important determinant for economic development. African traditional eating has been related to sustainability and positive health outcomes although the scenario is shifting to modern occidental foods. Food fortification with micronutrients may not be the right solution when there is no data on basic dietary intake. Further to the long existing housing, energy and water crisis, family farmers living at subsistence level, their livelihoods and communities, are now facing deeper worries and sufferings on food supplies. Sub-Saharan Africa was faced with a myriad of hurdles, where climate change was considered the greatest challenge, until COVID-19. Urgent priority call for high-impact initiatives and recommendations that are feasible in each of the national contexts. Success will only be achieved through strong public investment on health sectors, agricultural extension services, irrigation, and rural infrastructures.
THE INFLUENCE OF CODIFICATION OF LEGISLATION ON THE CHOICE OF FORMS OF COURT PROCEEDINGS: ADMINISTRATIVE OR CIVIL
Authors: VELICHKO M.B.
Published: April 2021

The problem of the correct choice of forms of legal proceedings in this article will be considered in a narrow aspect, through the influence of the codification of legislation, analysis of the nature of such rules of law as аrt. 11 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the procedure for judicial protection of civil rights, art. 12 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on how to protect civil rights, art. 13 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the invalidation of acts of subjects of public authority. The relevance of the research topic is due to the practical tasks of correctly determining the type of legal proceedings, as well as determining the place and role of administrative proceedings as an independent element of legal regulation and a form of judicial activity, the need to increase its effectiveness in achieving the goals of protecting the rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests of citizens and organizations. The rationale for the existence of the problem in this aspect is that many procedural scientists assign the role of the “life form of material industries” to the procedural branches, as a result of which one of their criteria for differentiating civil and administrative proceedings is the branch affiliation of the method of protection chosen by the plaintiff. In the literature, there are judgments that cases considered in the order of administrative proceedings are clearly defined by law in the Special Part of the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation and cannot be expanded and supplemented without introducing appropriate changes to the legislation.
SOME ASPECTS OF DETERMINING HOW TO PROTECT THE OWNERSHIP OF REAL ESTATE
Authors: KOVAL V.N.
Published: April 2021

The issues of choosing and determining the best ways to protect property rights to real estate remain relevant at the present time, the constant and rapid development of social relations and legal norms that are a reaction to social changes. At the same time, the mechanisms of legal regulation are being transformed in a significant way in order to effectively restore violated rights. As a result of the described protsesses, a situation occurs when it is difficult to determine not only the norm to be applied, but also the methods of restoring the violated law and order in relation to a specific person. This article is devoted to the problem of determining the appropriate ways to protect the ownership of real estate, based on the analysis of the law enforcement practice of arbitration proceedings and doctrinal developments on this topic. The author, using the example of specific court decisions, presents the approaches of a law enforcement officer in assessing the correctness of the chosen methods of protecting rights. The work done in the course of the study makes it possible to assess the importance of the correct choice of the type of claim that should be applied to the competent authorities in the combination of certain circumstances, for the effectiveness of judicial protection, the role of the first instance court in helping the parties to determine the correct and effective method of protection in specific circumstances. violated or contested right. The paper considers examples of the practice of courts considering economic disputes, according to the types of methods for protecting the rights to real estate of business entities, public law entities and other participants in arbitration proceedings. In addition, the article analyzes general and special rules for choosing the appropriate ways to protect subjective rights and legitimate interests.
PELATIHAN ANALISIS SWOT BAGI PENGURUS DAN KETUA UNIT USAHA KOPERASI UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KOPERASI BMT TRANS MEKAR SARI MANDIRI DI KECAMATAN TANJUNG LAGO KABUPATEN BANYUASIN
Authors: Sriati Sriati , Priyanto Gatot , Junaidi Yulian
Published: April 2021

Pelatihan  tentang Analisis SWOT dalam Pengembangan koperasi ini  bertujuan  meningkatkan motivasi, pengetahuan,   ketrampilan dan kemampuan   Pengurus, Ketua Unit Usaha, dan ketua KUBE BMT Trans Mekar Sari Mandiri di  Desa Muliasari Kecamatan Tanjung Lago Kabupaten Banyuasin,  dalam  manajemen dan pengembangan usaha koperasi. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan  dengan presentasi materi, tanya jawab dan diskusi kelompok (FGD) tentang strategi pengembangan  usaha dengan analisis SWOT.  Materi pelatihan  meliputi : Analisis SWOT, manajemen koperasi, pengelolaan usaha koperasi,  nilai-nilai  manajemen koperasi, dan strategi pengembangan usaha.  Peserta pelatihan sebanyak 20 orang, terdiri atas Pengurus dan Ketua Unit Usaha Koperasi KSU BMT Trans Mekar Sari Mandiri. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan melakukan pre tes  dan post tes tentang materi, dan  penilaian terhadap hasil Diskusi Kelompok “perumusan strategi pengembangan usaha koperasi dengan  analisis SWOT. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa 77 persen peserta menyatakan terdapat banyak peningkatan pengetahuan, sedangkan 23 persen menyatakan cukup peningkatan  pengetahuan, motivasi, ketrampilan dan kemampuan dalam manajemen dan strategi pengembangan usaha koperasi.   Peserta merespon baik  terhadap materi yang disampaikan, terutama  materi tentang  strategi pengembangan usaha melalui Analisis SWO. Hasil diskusi kelompok, strategi yang dirumuskan untuk pengembangan usaha koperasi adalah : Strategi SO (memperluas pasar, memperluas usaha); Strategi WO (pembinaan dan pengkaderan, ,mengajukan KUR);  strategi ST (mengikuti pelatihan, memanfaatkan peluang dikala pandemi, mencari tambahan dana); Strategi WT  (meningkatkan promosi). Peserta antusias menambah pengetahuannya tentang menentukan prioritas strategi yang bisa dilakukan melalui pengembangan usaha kelompok  dan mengusulkan diadakan pelatihan lanjutan tentang Analisis SWOT dan materi lain terkait perkoperasian. Kata kunci : Koperasi,  Manajemen,  Pelatihan ,  SWOT, Strategi Pengembangan
Informatization of Education. Media Education and Media Literacy
Authors: ANTONYAN Lilit
Published: April 2021

Recent studies have shown that education in the 21st century cannot be imagined without using information and communication technologies, digital and media tools. As a result of teachers’ training, it has become clear that there is a need to promote teachers, ICTs, media education and media literacy.

The article presents the informatization of education, which will promote the development of professional abilities and skills of teachers, lecturers, raising public awareness and improving the quality of education.
Formation of Media Literacy of Future Media Educators
Authors: MANUKYAN Armenuhi
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the results of a survey of students of the Faculty of Primary Education of Khachatur Abovian Armenian State University in order to find out the level of media competence of the respondents. The data obtained confirm the general trend that usually less than a quarter of students reveal a high level of development of the motivational index of media competence. A significant majority of respondents demonstrate a low level of the motivational index. The analysis of the received data proves that a high degree of media contact frequency and a high level of media competence’s motivational index are not directly linked with an ability level to analyze a media text comprehensively. Nevertheless, the levels of evaluation parameters of the audience's media competence to a large extent reflect the ranks of their informational and motivational descriptors. Moreover, it turns out that the high level of the informational index does not necessarily correlate to the level of media competence’s evaluation index. On the whole, the survey shows that the media competence of modern students needs to be developed.
Extent and progression of atherosclerosis in carotid and subclavian arteries: the Carotid Artery Subclavian Artery study
Authors: Pescetelli Irene , Zimarino Marco , Basso Cristina , Ghirarduzzi Angelo , Thiene Gaetano , De Caterina Raffaele
Published: April 2021

Aims

To define the prevalence, progression, and the relationship between carotid and subclavian artery atherosclerosis and to identify factors associated with disease progression in a population of asymptomatic patients.

Methods

Among all consecutive patients without a history of cardiovascular disease admitted to our hospital for duplex ultrasound examinations of the supra-aortic arteries, from January to December 2012, we retrospectively identified 530 patients with two evaluations at least 3 years apart. Each artery was graded according to stenosis degree, as absent or less than 20%, 20–49%, 50–69%, 70–99% and total occlusion. Disease progression was defined for any class increase at any time interval. Patients were grouped according to the presence of a more than 20% stenosis of the supra-aortic district at baseline, as controls, without atherosclerosis: n = 111, 21%; isolated carotid artery disease: n = 390, 74%; concomitant subclavian artery-carotid artery disease: n = 29, 5%. There were no cases with isolated subclavian artery atherosclerosis.

Results

The mean time-lapse between the two evaluations was 3.1 ± 0.3 years; we documented disease progression in 32 patients (6%), all limited to the carotid artery (P = 0.009 vs. controls, with no differences between isolated carotid artery disease and concomitant carotid and subclavian artery disease). Hypertension was significantly (P < 0.001) associated with disease progression, regardless of the single or double district involvement.

Conclusion

The subclavian artery is far less prone to atherosclerosis than the carotid artery, and features lesser disease progression. Understanding factors for the different susceptibility to atherosclerosis in these two close arterial districts provides insight into local factors prompting vascular disease.
Being Dark is Better: A Feral Pigeon Plumage Polymorphism as a Response to Urban Environments in Slovakia
Authors: Csanády Alexander , Duranková Silvia
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution and plumage phenotypes of the feral pigeon, Columba livia forma urbana (Gmelin, 1789), in Slovakia. Censuses carried out in the built-up areas of 16 towns and cities from November to February (2012–2018) counted and evaluated 3,123 individual birds. The most frequent were melanic colored birds (checker, T-pattern and spread phenotypes), which predominated in the population (51.6%, n = 1,613), followed by paler ones (42.1%, n = 1,316) and other types (6.2%, n = 194). A statistically significant difference was confirmed among the melanic and paler plumage phenotypes (χ2 = 81.49, df = 15, p < 0.0001). Correlation confirmed the different importance of city area and human density on the maintenance of dark and/or pale pigeons living in cities.