bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creation and execution of an effective critical care pharmacist collaborative in an academic health system
Authors: Derry Katrina L. , Duby Jeremiah J. , Firestone Rachelle L. , Li Fanny , Box Kevin , Atallah Steven , Eskandari Adonia , Huang Wan‐Ting , Park Jung Hoon , Schomer Kendra J. , Vu Lan , Bakas Mira L. , Nader Niousha , Gross Kendall , Caffarini Erica , Wimer Dexter , Lee Sue , Lichtmann Andrew , Grubbs John
Published: May 2023

Hospital systems continue to face significant pressure to mitigate medication costs, which may be achieved by effective pharmacy collaboration between medical centers. The purpose of this narrative is to discuss the essential elements, methods, obstacles, and solutions that were encountered in the formation and function of a successful multicenter pharmacy collaborative. The objective is to share the tools and examples that illustrate the framework and mechanics employed by a collaborative to execute initiatives that improved patient care and institutional processes. In 2018, five academic medical centers (AMCs) formed a critical care pharmacy collaborative team (PCT). The group's sustainable leadership structure allowed for equal voicing while avoiding individual burnout. Focused monthly working meetings allowed for comparison of each AMC's best practices to identify unexplored practice gaps and project planning. System goals with standardized metrics were set and parallel institutional approaches were implemented. Pooling use experience from five AMCs allowed for a larger sample size for data evaluation to assist in management of high impact medications. Additional benefits of group collaboration extended to research opportunities and incorporation of pharmacy learners for practice‐based learning. During this journey, barriers were uncovered including inconsistent access to a centralized secure platform for information sharing, data collection and analysis, overreliance of responsibilities on few individuals, and unpredictable dedicated project time for team leads and members. Overall, pharmacist led stewardship projects across five AMCs were leveraged to advance patient care through increased clinical guideline adherence, operational efficiency, and medication cost savings.
Multiple testing with covariate adjustment in experimental economics
Authors: List John A. , Shaikh Azeem M. , Vayalinkal Atom
Published: May 2023

This paper provides a framework for testing multiple null hypotheses simultaneously using experimental data in which simple random sampling is used to assign treatment status to units. Using general results from the multiple testing literature, we develop under weak assumptions a procedure that (i) asymptotically controls the familywise error rate—the probability of one or more false rejections—and (ii) is asymptotically balanced in that the marginal probability of rejecting any true null hypothesis is approximately equal in large samples. Our procedure improves upon classical methods by incorporating information about the joint dependence structure of the test statistics when determining which null hypotheses to reject, leading to gains in power. An important point of departure from prior work is that we exploit observed, baseline covariates to obtain further gains in power. The precise way in which we incorporate these covariates is based on recent results from the statistics literature in order to ensure that inferences are typically more powerful in large samples.
Green micellar stability‐indicating high‐performance liquid chromatography method for determination of rupatadine fumarate in the presence of its main impurity desloratadine: Oxidative degradation kinetics study
Authors: Amer Mona M. , Habib Ahmed A. , Hammad Sherin F. , Kamal Amira H.
Published: May 2023

A green micellar stability‐indicating high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed for rupatadine fumarate determination in existence with its main impurity desloratadine. Separation was attained using Hypersil ODS column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), the micellar mobile phase consisted of 0.13 M sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.1 M disodium hydrogen phosphate adjusted by phosphoric acid to pH 2.8 and 10% n‐butanol. The column was maintained at 45◦C and detection was carried out at 267 nm. A linear response was achieved over the range of 2–160 μg/ml for rupatadine and 0.4–8 μg/ml for desloratadine. The method was applied for rupatadine determination in alergoliber tablets and alergoliber syrup without the interference of methyl paraben and propyl paraben present as main excipients. Rupatadine fumarate revealed pronounced susceptibility to oxidation; further study of oxidative degradation kinetics was carried out. Rupatadine was found to follow pseudo‐first‐order kinetics when exposed to 10% H2O2 at 60 and 80°C and the activation energy was found to be 15.69 Kcal/mol. At a lower temperature (40°C), degradation kinetics regression was best fitted as a polynomial quadratic relationship, thus rupatadine oxidation at a lower temperature tends to adopt a second‐order kinetics rate. Oxidative degradation product structure was revealed using infrared and found to be rupatadine N‐oxide at all temperature values.
Overview of chromatographic and electrophoretic methods for the determination of branched‐chain amino acids
Authors: Yin Xiongwei , Adams Erwin , Van Schepdael Ann
Published: May 2023

The significance of branched‐chain amino acids in diseases was clearly shown over the years. This review aims to describe the available techniques for their analytical determination. The article provides examples of the use of various analytical methods. The methods are divided into two categories: derivatization and non‐derivatization approaches. Separation is achieved through different chromatography or capillary electrophoresis techniques and can be combined with different detectors such as flame ionization, ultraviolet, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry. It compares the application of various derivatization reagents or detection as such for different detectors.
Athermalization of the Lasing Wavelength in Vertical‐Cavity Surface‐Emitting Lasers
Authors: Persson Lars , Hjort Filip , Cardinali Giulia , Enslin Johannes , Kolbe Tim , Wernicke Tim , Kneissl Michael , Ciers Joachim , Haglund Åsa
Published: May 2023

A concept for vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) is proposed and demonstrated to obtain a lasing wavelength with unprecedented temperature stability. The concept is based on incorporating a dielectric material with a negative thermo‐optic coefficient, dn/dT, in the distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) to compensate the positive dn/dT of the semiconductor cavity. In a short cavity, the optical field has a significant overlap with the DBRs, and the redshift of the lasing wavelength caused by the semiconductor cavity can be compensated by the negative dn/dT of the DBRs. Here, proof of this concept is presented for optically‐pumped VCSELs emitting at 310 nm, demonstrating a lasing wavelength that even blueshifts by less than 0.1 nm over an 80 °C range with a maximum slope of –3.4 pm K−1. This is to be compared with a redshift of 1–1.5 nm over the same temperature range reported for III‐nitride blue‐emitting VCSELs. Furthermore, this method can also be implemented in VCSELs with longer cavity lengths by including a dielectric layer between the semiconductor and the DBR. The approach used here to obtain a temperature‐stable lasing wavelength is generic and can therefore be applied to VCSELs in all material systems and lasing wavelengths.
Recombinant Multi‐l‐Arginyl‐Poly‐l‐Aspartate (Cyanophycin) as an Emerging Biomaterial
Authors: Tseng Wen‐Chi , Fang Tsuei‐Yun
Published: May 2023

Multi‐l‐arginyl‐poly‐l‐aspartate (MAPA) is a non‐ribosomal polypeptide which synthesis is directed by cyanophycin synthetase, and its production can be achieved using recombinant microorganisms carrying the cphA gene. Along its poly‐aspartate backbone, arginine or lysine links to each aspartate via an isopeptide bond. MAPA is a zwitterionic polyelectrolyte full of charged carboxylic, amine, and guanidino groups. In aqueous solution, MAPA exhibits dual thermal and pH responses similar to those stimuli‐responsive polymers. Being biocompatible, the films containing MAPA can support cell proliferation and elicits minimal immune response in macrophages. Dipeptides from MAPA after enzymatic treatments can provide nutritional benefits. In light of the increasing interest in MAPA, this article focuses on the recent discovery of the function of cyanophycin synthetase and the potentials of MAPA as a biomaterial.
Adolescent BMI trajectory and associations with adult metabolic syndrome and offspring obesity
Authors: Frank Darren M. , Bradshaw Patrick T. , Mujahid Mahasin , Epel Elissa , Lararia Barbara A.
Published: May 2023

Objective

This study examined the association of adolescent BMI trajectory with adult metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and with intergenerational obesity.

Methods

This study used data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Growth and Health Study (1987–1997). Data from the 20‐year follow‐up (2016–2019) study were included from the original participants (N = 624) and their children (N = 645). Adolescent BMI trajectories were identified using latent trajectory modeling. Mediation analysis using logistic regression models was performed to estimate confounder‐adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI between adolescent BMI trajectory and adult MetSyn. Using similar methods, the association between BMI trajectory and offspring obesity was examined.

Results

Latent trajectory modeling identified four patterns: “weight loss then gain” (N = 62); “persistently normal” (N = 374); “persistently high BMI” (N = 127); and “weight gain then loss” (N = 61). Women who had a persistently high BMI trajectory had twice the odds of having children who met the definition for obesity compared with the persistently normal group, adjusting for adult BMI (OR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.39–5.46). None of the trajectory groups was associated with adult MetSyn compared with the persistently normal group.

Conclusions

Intermittent adolescent obesity may not confer MetSyn risk during adulthood. However, maternal adolescent BMI trajectories that are persistently high may increase the odds of intergenerational obesity among offspring.
Intrapleural findings of pulmonary light‐chain deposition disease
Authors: Yamashita Takashi , Takei Kensuke , Matsubayashi Yuta , Mizuno Kiyomichi , Asai Katsuyuki
Published: May 2023

Key message

Light‐chain deposition disease is accompanied not only by characteristic CT findings but also by characteristic gross findings of the visceral pleura. Medical thoracoscopy could diagnose LCDD by the findings of the thoracic cavity.
Almost output tracking control for switched positive systems: A hysteresis switching strategy
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Hehong , Sang Hong , Niu Ben
Published: May 2023

This work studies the almost output tracking control problem via the co‐design of controllers and a switching strategy for switched positive systems. For devising a hysteresis switching strategy, the nonnegative state space is divided into some subdomains, where each subdomain corresponds to an activated subsystem. The main advantage of the proposed methodology is that the switching frequency can be reduced in contrast to the min‐switching based designs, and the almost output tracking control problem is allowed to be unsolvable for each subsystem. The almost output tracking criteria, based on multiple linear copositive Lyapunov functions are established in linear vector inequalities form, which ensures asymptotic convergence of the output tracking error to zero, the positivity as well as a prescribed ‐gain index in presence of disturbances. Finally, the theoretical findings are applied to the output tracking control of the boost converter circuit.
Role of Curvature‐Sensing Proteins in the Uptake of Nanoparticles with Different Mechanical Properties
Authors: Montizaan Daphne , Saunders Catherine , Yang Keni , Sasidharan Sajitha , Maity Sourav , Reker‐Smit Catharina , Stuart Marc C. A. , Montis Costanza , Berti Debora , Roos Wouter H. , Salvati Anna
Published: May 2023

Nanoparticles of different properties, such as size, charge, and rigidity, are used for drug delivery. Upon interaction with the cell membrane, because of their curvature, nanoparticles can bend the lipid bilayer. Recent results show that cellular proteins capable of sensing membrane curvature are involved in nanoparticle uptake; however, no information is yet available on whether nanoparticle mechanical properties also affect their activity. Here liposomes and liposome‐coated silica are used as a model system to compare uptake and cell behavior of two nanoparticles of similar size and charge, but different mechanical properties. High‐sensitivity flow cytometry, cryo‐TEM, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy confirm lipid deposition on the silica. Atomic force microscopy is used to quantify the deformation of individual nanoparticles at increasing imaging forces, confirming that the two nanoparticles display distinct mechanical properties. Uptake studies in HeLa and A549 cells indicate that liposome uptake is higher than for the liposome‐coated silica. RNA interference studies to silence their expression show that different curvature‐sensing proteins are involved in the uptake of both nanoparticles in both cell types. These results confirm that curvature‐sensing proteins have a role in nanoparticle uptake, which is not restricted to harder nanoparticles, but includes softer nanomaterials commonly used for nanomedicine applications.
Bifunctional Onium and Potassium Iodides as Nucleophilic Catalysts for the Solvent‐Free Syntheses of Carbonates, Thiocarbonates, and Oxazolidinones from Epoxides
Authors: Shirakawa Seiji
Published: May 2023

The catalytic potential of organo‐onium iodides as nucleophilic catalysts is aptly demonstrated in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide (CO2), as a representative CO2 utilization reaction. Although organo‐onium iodide nucleophilic catalysts are metal‐free environmentally benign catalysts, harsh reaction conditions are generally required to efficiently promote the coupling reactions of epoxides and CO2. To solve this problem and accomplish efficient CO2 utilization reactions under mild conditions, bifunctional onium iodide nucleophilic catalysts bearing a hydrogen bond donor moiety were developed by our research group. Based on the successful bifunctional design of the onium iodide catalysts, nucleophilic catalysis using a potassium iodide (KI)‐tetraethylene glycol complex was also investigated in coupling reactions of epoxides and CO2 under mild reaction conditions. These effective bifunctional onium and potassium iodide nucleophilic catalysts were applied to the solvent‐free syntheses of 2‐oxazolidinones and cyclic thiocarbonates from epoxides.
Distributive justice and the global emissions budget
Authors: Schulan Alexander , Tank Lukas , Baatz Christian
Published: May 2023

In order not to significantly overshoot maximum levels of warming like the 1.5 and 2°C target we must stay within a fixed emissions budget. How to fairly distribute the entitlements to emit within such a budget is perhaps the most intensely discussed question in all of climate justice. In our review we discuss the most prominent proposals in moral and political philosophy on how to solve this question and put a special emphasis on scholarly contributions from the last decade. We canvass the arguments for and against emissions egalitarianism, emissions sufficientarianism, and emissions grandfathering as well as the debates surrounding them. These are how to deal with non‐compliance, how to split emissions between producers and consumers, how to best account for terrestrial carbon sinks, and whether emissions from having children should be subtracted from parents' emissions budgets. From the viewpoint of justice, it matters not only that we act against climate change but also how we do so. This review aims to elucidate one of the major ways in which our reaction to climate change could be just or unjust.

This article is categorized under:

Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice

Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change
Holographic light dilaton at the conformal edge
Authors: Rojas Jesús Cruz , Hong Deog Ki , Im Sang Hui , Järvinen Matti
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We study a simple holographic model for gauge theories near the conformal edge to show that the dilaton can be parametrically lighter than any other composite states. The masses of all composite states, except the Nambu-Goldstone bosons like dilaton, are bounded by the infrared scale or the dynamical mass. The parametric dependence of the dilaton mass is controlled by the closeness of the anomalous dimension of the quark bilinear, that breaks spontaneously the scale symmetry, to the conformality. We also show in the holographic dual that under certain assumptions, the dilaton saturates at low energy the anomalous Ward identity for the dilatation currents.
Take-Home Naloxon: Ein Baustein der Drogennotfallprophylaxe auch in Deutschland
Authors: Fleißner Simon , Stöver Heino , Schäffer Dirk
Published: May 2023

Das Medikament Naloxon ist ein Opioidantagonist, der innerhalb von Minuten die (atemlähmende) Wirkung von Opioiden im Körper aufhebt. Naloxon kann dadurch zur Reduktion von Todesfällen bei Opioidüberdosierung beitragen. „Take-Home Naloxon“ (THN) ist eine Maßnahme, die vom European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) und der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) empfohlen wird. Dabei werden Opioidkonsumierende und deren Angehörige, Freunde oder Bekannte im Umgang mit Naloxon geschult und für den Notfall mit dem Medikament ausgestattet.

Bisher wird THN in Deutschland überwiegend von einzelnen Einrichtungen der Suchthilfe umgesetzt. Damit das Potenzial von THN voll genutzt werden kann, ist es notwendig, die Maßnahme in Deutschland flächendeckend zu etablieren. Insbesondere in (niedrigschwelligen) Suchthilfeeinrichtungen, psychiatrischen Einrichtungen, im Rahmen von Opioidsubstitutionsbehandlungen und im Justizvollzug kann THN in das Angebot aufgenommen werden.

Dieser Diskussionsartikel greift die bisherige Entwicklung von THN in Deutschland seit 1998 auf, zeigt die Schwierigkeiten und Hindernisse einer flächendeckenden Umsetzung und stellt dar, wie THN als wirkungsvolle Public-Health-Maßnahme auch in Deutschland gelingen kann. Besonders relevant ist dies angesichts der seit 10 Jahren steigenden Zahl von Drogentodesfällen.
Fine mapping of a Fusarium crown rot resistant locus on chromosome arm 6HL in barley by exploiting near isogenic lines, transcriptome profiling, and a large near isogenic line-derived population
Authors: Gao Shang , Jiang Yunfeng , Zhou Hong , Liu Yaxi , Li Huihui , Liu Chunji , Zheng Zhi
Published: May 2023

Key message

This study reported validation and fine mapping of a Fusarium crown rot resistant locus on chromosome arm 6HL in barley using near isogenic lines, transcriptome sequences, and a large near isogenic line-derived population.

Fusarium crown rot (FCR), caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, is a chronic and serious disease affecting cereal production in semi-arid regions globally. The increasing prevalence of this disease in recent years is attributed to the widespread adoption of minimum tillage and stubble retention practices. In the study reported here, we generated eight pairs of near isogenic lines (NILs) targeting a putative QTL (Qcrs.caf-6H) conferring FCR resistance in barley. Assessing the NILs confirmed the large effect of this locus. Aimed to develop markers that can be reliably used in incorporating this resistant allele into breeding programs and identify candidate genes, transcriptomic analyses were conducted against three of the NIL pairs and a large NIL-derived population consisting of 1085 F7 recombinant inbred lines generated. By analyzing the transcriptomic data and the fine mapping population, Qcrs.caf-6H was delineated into an interval of 0.9 cM covering a physical distance of ~ 547 kb. Six markers co-segregating with this locus were developed. Based on differential gene expression and SNP variations between the two isolines among the three NIL pairs, candidate genes underlying the resistance at this locus were detected. These results would improve the efficiency of incorporating the targeted locus into barley breeding programs and facilitate the cloning of causal gene(s) responsible for the resistance.
Starch-dependent sodium accumulation in the leaves of Vigna riukiuensis
Authors: Noda Yusaku , Hirose Atsushi , Wakazaki Mayumi , Sato Mayuko , Toyooka Kiminori , Kawachi Naoki , Furukawa Jun , Tanoi Keitaro , Naito Ken
Published: May 2023

This research provides insight into a unique salt tolerance mechanism of Vigna riukiuensis. V. riukiuensis is one of the salt-tolerant species identified from the genus Vigna. We have previously reported that V. riukiuensis accumulates a higher amount of sodium in the leaves, whereas V. nakashimae, a close relative of V. riukiuensis, suppresses sodium allocation to the leaves. We first suspected that V. riukiuensis would have developed vacuoles for sodium sequestration, but there were no differences compared to a salt-sensitive species V. angularis. However, many starch granules were observed in the chloroplasts of V. riukiuensis. In addition, forced degradation of leaf starch by shading treatment resulted in no radio-Na (22Na) accumulation in the leaves. We performed SEM–EDX to locate Na in leaf sections and detected Na in chloroplasts of V. riukiuensis, especially around the starch granules but not in the middle of. Our results could provide the second evidence of the Na-trapping system by starch granules, following the case of common reed that accumulates starch granule at the shoot base for binding Na.
Improving landslide inventories by combining satellite interferometry and landscape analysis: the case of Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain)
Authors: Reyes-Carmona Cristina , Galve Jorge Pedro , Pérez-Peña José Vicente , Moreno-Sánchez Marcos , Alfonso-Jorde David , Ballesteros Daniel , Torre Davide , Azañón José Miguel , Mateos Rosa María
Published: May 2023

An updated and complete landslide inventory is the starting point for an appropriate hazard assessment. This paper presents an improvement for landslide mapping by integrating data from two well-consolidated techniques: Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) and Landscape Analysis through the normalised channel steepness index (ksn). The southwestern sector of the Sierra Nevada mountain range (Southern Spain) was selected as the case study. We first propose the double normalised steepness (ksnn) index, derived from theksnindex, to remove the active tectonics signal. The obtainedksnnanomalies (or knickzones) along rivers and the unstable ground areas from the DInSAR analysis rapidly highlighted the slopes of interest. Thus, we provided a new inventory of 28 landslides that implies an increase in the area affected by landslides compared with the previous mapping: 33.5% in the present study vs. 14.5% in the Spanish Land Movements Database. The two main typologies of identified landslides are Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations (DGSDs) and rockslides, with the prevalence of large DGSDs in Sierra Nevada being first revealed in this work. We also demonstrate that the combination of DInSAR and Landscape Analysis could overcome the limitations of each method for landslide detection. They also supported us in dealing with difficulties in recognising this type of landslides due to their poorly defined boundaries, a homogeneous lithology and the imprint of glacial and periglacial processes. Finally, a preliminary hazard perspective of these landslides was outlined.
Reference isotherms for water vapor sorption on nanoporous carbon: results of an interlaboratory study
Authors: Nguyen Huong Giang T. , Toman Blaza , van Zee Roger D. , Prinz Carsten , Thommes Matthias , Ahmad Riaz , Kiska David , Salinger Jamie , Walton Ian M. , Walton Krista S. , Broom Darren P. , Benham Michael J. , Ansari Humera , Pini Ronny , Petit Camille , Adolphs Jürgen , Schreiber Andreas , Shigeoka Toshihiro , Konishi Yuko , Nakai Kazuyuki , Henninger Matthias , Petrzik Thomas , Kececi Can , Martis Vladimir , Paschke Thomas , Mangano Enzo , Brandani Stefano
Published: May 2023

This paper reports the results of an international interlaboratory study sponsored by the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) and led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on the measurement of water vapor sorption isotherms at 25 °C on a pelletized nanoporous carbon (BAM-P109, a certified reference material). Thirteen laboratories participated in the study and contributed nine pure water vapor isotherms and four relative humidity isotherms, using nitrogen as the carrier gas. From these data, reference isotherms, along with the 95% uncertainty interval (Uk=2), were determined and are reported in a tabular format.
Universum parametric $$\nu $$-support vector regression for binary classification problems with its applications
Authors: Moosaei Hossein , Bazikar Fatemeh , Hladík Milan
Published: May 2023

Universum data sets, a collection of data sets that do not belong to any specific class in a classification problem, give previous information about data in the mathematical problem under consideration to enhance the classifiers’ generalization performance. Recently, some researchers have integrated Universum data into the existing models to propose new models which result in improved classification performance. Inspired by these Universum models, an efficient parametric$$ \nu $$ν-support vector regression with Universum data ($$ {\mathfrak {U}} $$UPar-$$ \nu $$ν-SVR) is proposed in this work. This method, which finds two non-parallel hyperplanes by solving one optimization problem and considers heteroscedastic noise, overcomes some common disadvantages of the previous methods. The$$ {\mathfrak {U}} $$UPar-$$ \nu $$ν-SVR includes unlabeled samples that don’t belong to any class in the training process, which results in a quadratic programming problem. Two approaches are proposed to solve this problem. The first approach derives the dual formulation using the Lagrangian function and KKT conditions. Furthermore, a least squares parametric$$ \nu $$ν-support vector regression with Universum data (named LS-$$ {\mathfrak {U}} $$UPar-$$ \nu $$ν-SVR) is suggested to further increase the generalization performance. The LS-$$ {\mathfrak {U}} $$UPar-$$ \nu $$ν-SVR solves a single system of linear equations, instead of addressing a quadratic programming problem in the dual formulation. Numerical experiments on artificial, UCI, credit card, NDC, and handwritten digit recognition data sets show that the suggested Universum model and its solving methodologies improve prediction accuracy.
Probabilistic Modeling and Uncertainty Quantification of Detailed Combustion Simulation for a Swirl Stabilized Spray Burner
Authors: Enderle Benedict , Rauch Bastian , Grimm Felix , Eckel Georg , Aigner Manfred
Published: May 2023

To enable risk informed decisions in the simulation-based design and development of novel combustors, uncertainties in the simulation results must be considered. However, due to the high computational costs for their quantification, these uncertainties are commonly not taken into account. Therefore, this work aims at applying an efficient methodology for uncertainty quantification based on Polynomial Chaos Expansion to a semi-technical spray burner reflecting characteristics typically found in modern aeroengine combustors. This requires accurate treatment of the multicomponent liquid fuel, a combustion model relying on finite rate chemistry and a scale resolving hybrid turbulence model to account for highly unsteady flow features and combustion. To overcome the need for costly experimental data for the spray boundary conditions, an algebraic primary breakup model is utilized. The resulting reduction in a priori information is compensated through probabilistic modeling and uncertainty quantification. Due to their importance in the design process, temperature distribution in the gas phase as well as the flame position are considered as the primary quantities of interest. For these quantities of interest, moderate uncertainties are found in the probabilistic simulation results. Further, the predictive capability of the simulation model under uncertainties is quantitively assessed by defining accurary metrics for the gas phase temperature prediction. The study further reveals that the imposed input uncertainties affect quantities of interest in both the dispersed and the gas phase through phase coupling effects.
Degradation of MYC by the mutant p53 reactivator drug, COTI-2 in breast cancer cells
Authors: Tang Minhong , Crown John , Duffy Michael J
Published: May 2023

TP53 (p53) and MYC are amongst the most frequently altered genes in cancer. Both are thus attractive targets for new anticancer therapies. Historically, however, both genes have proved challenging to target and currently there is no approved therapy against either. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the mutant p53 reactivating drug, COTI-2 on MYC. Total MYC, pSer62 MYC and pThr58 MYC were detected using Western blotting. Proteasome-mediated degradation was determined using the proteasome, inhibitor MG-132, while MYC half-life was measured using pulse chase experiments in the presence of cycloheximide. Cell proliferation was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Treatment of 5 mutant p53 breast cancer cell lines with COTI-2 resulted in dose-dependent MYC degradation. Addition of the proteasome inhibitor, MG132, rescued the degradation, suggesting that this proteolytic system was at least partly responsible for the inactivation of MYC. Using cycloheximide in pulse chase experiments, COTI-2 was found to reduce the half-life of MYC in 2 different mutant p53 breast cancer cell lines, i.e., from 34.8 to 18.6 min in MDA-MB-232 cells and from 29.6 to 20.3 min in MDA-MB-468 cells. Co-treatment with COTI-2 and the MYC inhibitor, MYCi975 resulted in synergistic growth inhibition in all 4 mutant p53 cell lines investigated. The dual ability of COTI-2 to reactivate mutant p53 and degrade MYC should enable this compound to have broad application as an anticancer drug.
Novel nontarget LC-HRMS-based approaches for evaluation of drinking water treatment
Authors: Nováková Petra , Švecová Helena , Bořík Adam , Grabic Roman
Published: May 2023

A conventional evaluation methodology for drinking water pollution focuses on analysing hundreds of compounds, usually by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. High-resolution mass spectrometry allows comprehensive evaluation of all detected signals (compounds) based on their elemental composition, intensity, and numbers. We combined target analysis of 192 emerging micropollutants with nontarget (NT) full-scan/MS/MS methods to describe the impact of treatment steps in detail and assess drinking water treatment efficiency without compound identification. The removal efficiency based on target analytes ranged from − 143 to 97%, depending on the treatment section, technologies, and season. The same effect calculated for all signals detected in raw water by the NT method ranged between 19 and 65%. Ozonation increased the removal of micropollutants from the raw water but simultaneously caused the formation of new compounds. Moreover, ozonation byproducts showed higher persistence than products formed during other types of treatment. We evaluated chlorinated and brominated organics detected by specific isotopic patterns within the developed workflow. These compounds indicated anthropogenic raw water pollution but also potential treatment byproducts. We could match some of these compounds with libraries available in the software. We can conclude that passive sampling combined with nontargeted analysis shows to be a promising approach for water treatment control, especially for long-term monitoring of changes in technology lines because passive sampling dramatically reduces the number of samples and provides time-weighted average information for 2 to 4 weeks.
Explainability, Public Reason, and Medical Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Da Silva Michael
Published: May 2023

The contention that medical artificial intelligence (AI) should be ‘explainable’ is widespread in contemporary philosophy and in legal and best practice documents. Yet critics argue that ‘explainability’ is not a stable concept; non-explainable AI is often more accurate; mechanisms intended to improve explainability do not improve understanding and introduce new epistemic concerns; and explainability requirements are ad hoc where human medical decision-making is often opaque. A recent ‘political response’ to these issues contends that AI used in high-stakes scenarios, including medical AI, must be explainable to meet basic standards of legitimacy: People are owed reasons for decisions that impact their vital interests, and this requires explainable AI. This article demonstrates why the political response fails. Attending to systemic considerations, as its proponents desire, suggests that the political response is subject to the same criticisms as other arguments for explainable AI and presents new issues. It also suggests that decision-making about non-explainable medical AI can meet public reason standards. The most plausible version of the response amounts to a simple claim that public reason demands reasons why AI is permitted. But that does not actually support explainable AI or respond to criticisms of strong requirements for explainable medical AI.
University students’ opinion on gamete donor identification regimes
Authors: Nogueira Ana , Ammar Omar , Bilir Enes , Iftene Lavinia , Torrero Ignácio , Ceschin Nathan , Nogueira-Silva Cristina , Brandão Pedro
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the opinion of university students about the identification or nonidentification of gamete donation and the probability of donation according to the different regimes.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional observational study based on an online anonymous survey including questions about sociodemographic data, reasons for considering donations, information about the donation process and legislation, and their opinions about the different regimes and how they would influence donations.

Results

In total, 1393 valid responses were obtained, with a mean age of 24.0 years (SD = 4.8), most of the respondents being female (68.5%), living in a relationship (56.7%), and without children (88.4%). The main reasons for considering donation would be altruism and monetary compensation. Overall, it was found that participants were poorly informed about the donation procedure and legislation. Students revealed preference for nonidentified donation, and they were less likely to donate in an open identity regime.

Conclusion

Most university students consider themselves poorly informed about gamete donation, express a preference for nonidentified gamete donation, and would less likely donate on an open identity basis. Thus, an identified regime may be less attractive to potential donors and lead to a decrease in the availability of gamete donors.
A multi-task learning-based optimization approach for finding diverse sets of microstructures with desired properties
Authors: Iraki Tarek , Morand Lukas , Dornheim Johannes , Link Norbert , Helm Dirk
Published: May 2023

Optimization along the chain processing-structure-properties-performance is one of the core objectives in data-driven materials science. In this sense, processes are supposed to manufacture workpieces with targeted material microstructures. These microstructures are defined by the material properties of interest and identifying them is a question of materials design. In the present paper, we addresse this issue and introduce a generic multi-task learning-based optimization approach. The approach enables the identification of sets of highly diverse microstructures for given desired properties and corresponding tolerances. Basically, the approach consists of an optimization algorithm that interacts with a machine learning model that combines multi-task learning with siamese neural networks. The resulting model (1) relates microstructures and properties, (2) estimates the likelihood of a microstructure of being producible, and (3) performs a distance preserving microstructure feature extraction in order to generate a lower dimensional latent feature space to enable efficient optimization. The proposed approach is applied on a crystallographic texture optimization problem for rolled steel sheets given desired properties.
Early Warning Software for Emergency Department Crowding
Authors: Tuominen Jalmari , Koivistoinen Teemu , Kanniainen Juho , Oksala Niku , Palomäki Ari , Roine Antti
Published: May 2023

Emergency department (ED) crowding is a well-recognized threat to patient safety and it has been repeatedly associated with increased mortality. Accurate forecasts of future service demand could lead to better resource management and has the potential to improve treatment outcomes. This logic has motivated an increasing number of research articles but there has been little to no effort to move these findings from theory to practice. In this article, we present first results of a prospective crowding early warning software, that was integrated to hospital databases to create real-time predictions every hour over the course of 5 months in a Nordic combined ED using Holt-Winters’ seasonal methods. We show that the software could predict next hour crowding with an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91-0.97) and 24 hour crowding with an AUC of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.74-0.84) using simple statistical models. Moreover, we suggest that afternoon crowding can be predicted at 1 p.m. with an AUC of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74-0.91).
Facile synthesis of thermally stable anatase titania with a high-surface area and tailored pore sizes
Authors: Sui Ruohong , Jacobs John H. , Chou Nancy , Deering Connor E. , Lavery Christopher B. , Marriott Robert A.
Published: May 2023

Both affordability and stability are important for commercial-scale production and industrial applications of TiO2. In addition, the ability to tailor nanostructure and physicochemical properties can provide advantages for future applications. Herein a facile sol‒gel process was investigated by using titanyl sulfate as an inexpensive feedstock reacting with water in the media of acetic acid and isopropanol. An anatase phase was readily produced at 65 °C, followed by drying at 80 °C. The anatase was stable up to 800 °C due to the residual sulfate and nitrogen, where sulfate and ammonium slowly decomposed when heating beyond 400 °C. The monolithic TiO2 xerogels were composed of agglomerated TiO2 spherical particles with diameters of ca. 50 or 100 nm. The TiO2 spherical particles were built by anatase crystallites with a diameter of ca. 5 nm. As a result, the TiO2 exhibited both bimodal mesopores and macropores: Large mesopores (10‒30 nm) were present due to the void spaces between the TiO2 spherical particles, while the smaller mesopores (ca. 3 nm) were due to the void spaces between the anatase crystallites within each TiO2 particle. There were also larger macropores (a few micrometers), which were caused by gas bubbles generated during the sol‒gel reactions. From a mass transfer viewpoint, these large pores within TiO2 xerogels could have advantages in their potential applications for catalysis and/or filtration processes.

Graphical Abstract
Where is the brand growth potential? An examination of buyer groups
Authors: Trinh Giang Tue , Dawes John , Sharp Byron
Published: May 2023

Practitioners and academics have long discussed strategies for brand sales growth. A recent example is an industry debate in which different brand growth strategies were argued: https://www.mmaglobal.com/thegreatdebate (MMA Global & Neustarr, 2021). A central question in this arena is whether a brand should focus on its heavy, light, or non-buyers in its efforts to grow its sales. This study contributes to our knowledge about how sales growth can occur by investigating the potential contribution these three buyer groups can make to any sales gain. Using both, a simulation study and an empirical study of purchases of approximately 12,400 households in the UK, across different brands and categories, we show that almost any brand’s headroom growth potential lies mostly in light or non-buyers of that brand. Even for large brands with high penetration the growth potential of light brand buyers eclipses heavy brand buyers.
Nonlinear energy localisation in a model of plane metamaterial
Authors: Coclite Giuseppe Maria , De Tommasi Domenico , Maddalena Francesco , Romano Marzia , Trentadue Francesco
Published: May 2023

Applying the concepts of nonlinear normal modes and limiting phase trajectories introduced by Manevitch in Manevitch (Arch Appl Mech 77:301–312, 2007) to a two-dimensional mass–spring system, the authors propose a generalised method to tune a plane metamaterial and get the desirable resonant behaviour at short wavelengths. Indeed, the account of nonlinear coupling between the oscillators enables the localisation of energy leading the origin of a bandgap at short wavelengths regardless the existence of external disturbances. Moreover, further restrictions on the modes amplitude allow the observation of Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou recurrence and super-recurrence in the two-dimensional metamaterial. These findings can open the way to further research in order to improve efficiency and performance of resonant metamaterials.
Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on neurological complications of diabetes
Authors: García-Casares Natalia , González-González Guillermo , de la Cruz-Cosme Carlos , Garzón-Maldonado Francisco J , de Rojas-Leal Carmen , Ariza María J , Narváez Manuel , Barbancho Miguel Ángel , García-Arnés Juan Antonio , Tinahones Francisco J.
Published: May 2023

Emerging evidence suggests that treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) could be an interesting treatment strategy to reduce neurological complications such as stroke, cognitive impairment, and peripheral neuropathy. We performed a systematic review to examine the evidence concerning the effects of GLP-1 RAs on neurological complications of diabetes. The databases used were Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane. We selected clinical trials which analysed the effect of GLP-1 RAs on stroke, cognitive impairment, and peripheral neuropathy. We found a total of 19 studies: 8 studies include stroke or major cardiovascular events, 7 involve cognitive impairment and 4 include peripheral neuropathy. Semaglutide subcutaneous and dulaglutide reduced stroke cases. Liraglutide, albiglutide, oral semaglutide and efpeglenatide, were not shown to reduce the number of strokes but did reduce major cardiovascular events. Exenatide, dulaglutide and liraglutide improved general cognition but no significant effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathy has been reported with GLP-1 RAs. GLP-1 RAs are promising drugs that seem to be useful in the reduction of some neurological complications of diabetes. However, more studies are needed.
Burrow emergence rhythms of deep-water Mediterranean Norway lobsters (Nephrops norvegicus) revealed by acoustic telemetry
Authors: Aguzzi J. , Vigo M. , Bahamon N. , Masmitja I. , Chatzievangelou D. , Robinson N. J. , Jónasson J. P. , Sánchez-Márquez A. , Navarro J. , Company J. B.
Published: May 2023

N. norvegicus supports one of the most commercially-important fisheries in the Mediterranean, and there is considerable interest in developing non-invasive sampling stock assessment methods. Currently, stock assessments are conducted via trawling or by UnderWater TeleVision (UWTV) surveys with limited capacity to provide direct population data due to the burrowing behavior of the species. Here, we used acoustic telemetry to characterize the burrow emergence and movement patterns of N. norvegicus in relation to internal tides and inertial currents in deep-sea habitats of the northwestern Mediterranean. We deployed acoustic tags on 25 adults between May and June 2019, and collected up to 4 months of detection data from each tag. Tagged lobsters spent approximately 12% of their time in door-keeping (i.e., detections at burrow entrance with no displacements) but differences existed among the different behavioral rhythms identified. We observed that mixed day-night, tidal and inertial rhythms in field settings were similar to those observed in laboratory tests. The presence of mixed day-night and tidal periodicity poses the question of why N. norvegicus exhibits flexible responses to environmental cues other than photoperiod. It is possible that tidal regulation of locomotor activity could reduce energy expenditure in relation to hydrodynamic drag. Inertial periodicity occurs in animals with no clear burrowing-oriented activity (always present on the seabed). Possibly, inertial-related movements are the result of a disruption of the biological clock. Our results are discussed in the context of how burrow emergence rhythms may bias UWTV surveys and how novel in situ monitoring approaches address these biases.
Minimizing incident response time in real-world scenarios using quantum computing
Authors: Serrano Manuel A. , Sánchez Luis E. , Santos-Olmo Antonio , García-Rosado David , Blanco Carlos , Barletta Vita Santa , Caivano Danilo , Fernández-Medina Eduardo
Published: May 2023

The Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) are global and risk-driven processes that allow companies to develop their cybersecurity strategy by defining security policies, valuable assets, controls, and technologies for protecting their systems and information from threats and vulnerabilities. Despite the implementation of such management infrastructures, incidents or security breaches happen. Each incident has associated a level of severity and a set of mitigation controls, so in order to restore the ISMS, the appropriate set of controls to mitigate their damage must be selected. The time in which the ISMS is restored is a critical aspect. In this sense, classic solutions are efficient in resolving scenarios with a moderate number of incidents in a reasonable time, but the response time increases exponentially as the number of incidents increases. This makes classical solutions unsuitable for real scenarios in which a large number of incidents are handled and even less appropriate for scenarios in which security management is offered as a service to several companies. This paper proposes a solution to the incident response problem that acts in a minimal amount of time for real scenarios in which a large number of incidents are handled. It applies quantum computing, as a novel approach that is being successfully applied to real problems, which allows us to obtain solutions in a constant time regardless of the number of incidents handled. To validate the applicability and efficiency of our proposal, it has been applied to real cases using our framework (MARISMA).