bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confronting Assumptions in Immigrant Multilingual Deaf Education
Authors: Musyoka Millicent Malinda
Published: December 2021

Within the American deaf community, multilingualism is evidence among deaf individuals who use three (or more) languages daily. Despite the linguistic diversity, limited research focuses on multilingualism, multilingual education, or multilingual development in this population. The increasing multilingual immigrant D/HH student population in the United States coupled with a scarcity of research on multilingual immigrant D/HH learners has triggered various assumptions about their education. This chapter will focus on addressing the assumptions surrounding the education of immigrant multilingual deaf learners.
Literacy and Deaf and Hard of Hearing Multilingual Learners
Authors: Appanah Thangi M. , Blum Arlene J.
Published: December 2021

Deaf and hard of hearing multilingual learners (DMLs) face challenges when acquiring literacy. This is compounded by issues such as immigration. Educators and school leaders face difficulties serving these students in a culturally responsive way. The authors highlight the barriers faced by these students and provide strategies that promote literacy. Evidence-based strategies that involve collaboration with other learners on how to provide literacy skills are provided. Vignettes that bring to light issues and strategies that provide solutions to achieving literacy with deaf and hard of hearing multilingual learners have been included. The benefits of family collaboration are presented and strategies included to engage the family in increasing student achievement in reading and writing. Resources and tools are included. This chapter supports the book's objective: to support teachers, teacher preparation professionals, and other stakeholders to acquire the knowledge, skills, and dispositions to teach this special population.
Wholistic Planning and Literacy Assessment for Bi/Multilingual and Bi/Multicultural DHH Students
Authors: Luft Pamela
Published: December 2021

This chapter presents Hornberger's *continua of biliteracy as a comprehensive and wholistic examination of diverse deaf and hard-of-hearing students' multilingual and multicultural abilities. The continua consist of four domains—development, content, media, and contexts—through which biliteracy is acquired. The continua are described then applied to three diverse immigrant DHH students and their families who are from Cambodia, Vietnam, and Chile. This results in unique insights into the students' current skill development and future needs including attainment of a positive dual minority identity and optimal academic skills. The final section utilizes the continua with a miscue analysis of an African American eighth grader. Miscue analysis provided a naturalistic, language-neutral means of assessing reading skills and identified a number of strengths not previously observed. This combination of tools more thoroughly examines the positive and negative influences on diverse DHH students with sensitive and insightful approaches for optimizing their educational experiences.
Universal Design for Learning and Technology in Deaf Education
Authors: Neild Nena Raschelle , Taylor Katie , Crecelius Amanda
Published: December 2021

Deaf students face challenges and barriers in US general education classrooms due to barriers of non-matched monolingual instruction. The demographics of deaf education classrooms have changed over the years and no longer are families encouraged to choose one modality. Multilingual DHH students face unique challenges and barriers that cannot be left unaddressed or overlooked. The following chapter outlines a literature review of the guiding principles of UDL specifically to address the challenges and needs of multilingual DHH. This chapter addresses the need for the three guiding principles, engagement, representation, and expression, along with the integration of technology. Practical application will guide current deaf educators in creating lessons and physical classrooms while implementing technology to meet deaf students' needs in general education classrooms.
International Standardization in Tourism Services
Authors: Houska Petr , Petru Zdenka
Published: December 2021

The aim of this chapter is to draw attention to the importance of international standardization in tourism services with a view to the elimination of barriers to free movement of tourism services and its importance for consumers: visitors in tourism, when the international standards encourage consumers responsibility, enforce their legitimate demands, expectations, safety, and security. This contribution also describes the basic guidelines to prevent the spread of coronavirus in the tourism industry. These measures will contribute to the recovery of the tourism sector and restore the confidence of the traveler. Furthermore, the measures emphasize the possibilities of greater acceptance of international standards for tourism services in the post-COVID-19 period. They will also contribute to faster renewal of individual sectors/tourism services. At the same time, they contribute to reopening and engaging individual destination/countries in international tourism.
Evidence-Based Virtual Reality Use for Mental Health Conditions
Authors: Bajaj Jagrika , Sahu Aparna
Published: December 2021

The advancements in immersive technologies have impacted various sectors, with mental healthcare being one of them. The subsequent interaction between immersive technologies, particularly virtual reality and mental health, has created interesting effects that call for a closer look. This chapter intends to provide a comprehensive picture of mental health conditions, namely anxiety and related disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder, as tackled by VR-based therapy. The focus is on its effectiveness and how the results compare to the traditional modes of treatment in terms of efficacy. The impact of user experience towards this approach of intervention and the importance of ethical consideration when VR intersects with the field of mental health are addressed.
Inclusive Formative Assessment for Diverse Pre-Service Foundation Phase Literacy Teachers
Authors: Nkomo Sibhekinkosi Anna , Charamba Erasmos
Published: December 2021

Many classrooms in South Africa are very diverse in terms of culture, gender, language, and intellectual ability. Thus, educators need to be inclusive in the way they plan for teaching and learning. This chapter attempts to show how teacher educators at one institution of higher education in South Africa implemented inclusive formative assessments in their initial teacher education programme. Traditional assessment practices like examinations, tests, and essays, which dominate many classrooms, have proven to be unable to capture the range and nature of the diverse learning outcomes sought from courses. In this study, students were given different assessment tasks to demonstrate their knowledge of the handwriting skills and pedagogy. Findings of the study show that teacher educators managed to accommodate all the students through their use of inclusive assessments. Teacher educators observed improvement in student's self-esteem, motivation, and engagement.
Management Education at Tier 2 Business Schools in India
Authors: Bohra N. S. , Rawat Navneet
Published: December 2021

The present study aims to develop a conceptual framework of the scope and challenges of Tier 2 Business Schools in India. Management education has seen a drastic change in the recent past with a huge inflow of students, and this gave management institutes an edge to grow. Besides taking this opportunity, some institutes have compromised on various parameters which is degrading quality education. In this study, strategic analysis has been done by using the past review. For strategic analysis on challenges and future scope of Tier 2 Business Schools (T2BS) in India, challenges-scope matrix has been carefully developed and evaluated. Research procedure adopted in this study is professionally framed, and systematic review of literature has been done before concluding the study.
Building a Bridge for Inclusive Assessment of Newly-Arrived Migrants' Knowledge in Science and Mathematics
Authors: Sofianidis Angelos , Stylianidou Nayia , Meletiou-Mavrotheris Maria , Vryonides Marios , Chalatsis Xenofon , Xylouri Ourania , Giannakoudakis Panagiotis
Published: December 2021

The Erasmus+/KA3 project Augmented Assessment “Assessing newly arrived migrants' knowledge in Science and Math using augmented teaching material” aims to address the gap that exists in assessing newly arrived migrant students' prior knowledge in the fields of science and mathematics caused by the linguistic obstacle between them and the teachers. To address this gap, the project will develop the Augmented Assessment Library as well as a teachers' training course focusing on inclusive assessment and augmented reality. The chapter outlines the theoretical orientations of the project (augmented assessment bridges) and discusses the elements that comprise them focusing on the connections among inclusive pedagogy, visual representations in science and math education, multimodality, and augmented reality. It also describes the pedagogical framework underpinning the design of the Augmented Assessment Training Course as well as the main innovation of the project which is the Augmented Assessment Library and its pedagogical value for assessment.
Alternative Evaluation as a Means of Inclusion
Authors: Ventouris Antonios , Rousoulioti Thomais , Iliopoulou Konstantina
Published: December 2021

The present study concerns a field research aiming to investigate the stances of primary and secondary school teachers in Greece about alternative assessment methods (AAM). For this purpose, 181 language teachers answered an e-questionnaire. In addition, the curricula for Greek and foreign language courses taught in compulsory state education were analysed in order to explore the type and the extension of references to AAM in them. Data analysis showed that teachers of secondary education use AAM on a more frequent basis and a larger variety of them than those of primary education. Furthermore, from data analysis resulted a strong preference of the respondents for self-assessment, portfolio, and project methods. The curricula analysis revealed extensive reference to AAM in foreign language curricula, mainly to portfolio and project. As the regression analysis indicated, teaching experience was not related to the AAM usage. However, teachers' training on AAM appeared correlated with their positive stances towards it.
Promoting Inclusivity Through a Culturally Responsive Approach to Classroom Assessment Practices
Authors: Mills Michael S.
Published: December 2021

Culturally responsive pedagogy is an approach to teaching that attempts to address the learning needs of students from marginalized or non-majority populations. While the concept of culturally responsive pedagogy has been practiced in various forms in educational institutions around the world, there is still a gap in how the principles of cultural responsiveness are authentically embedded in assessment practices, particularly in a way that encourages all students to actively engage in the learning process. The purpose of this chapter is to argue the necessity for culturally responsive teaching and to articulate specific ways in which teachers can integrate practices that promote anti-racism, encourage student voice, facilitate community discourse, eliminate inherent bias in grading practices, and mitigate barriers to accessibility.
Self-Care Skills of Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Authors: Tuna Ayşe
Published: December 2021

Self-care skills are the everyday tasks undertaken so children are ready to participate in life activities. While they are typically supported by parents or carers in young children, it is expected that children develop independence while getting older and maturing. Self-care skills are assumed as precursors for most school-related tasks, are expected to be performed independently, and usually it becomes inappropriate for others to assist for tasks related to these. Assistive technology enhances to strengthen children's ability to participate in eating, dressing, bathing, and personal hygiene routines. As a self-management tool, assistive technology helps children with pervasive developmental disorders or mild intellectual disabilities promote to perform daily tasks involved in activities related to self-care skills. In this chapter, first, information about self-care problems with a focus on children with pervasive developmental disorders is given. Then, opportunities, challenges, and assistive tools are presented. Finally, future research directions in this domain are stated.
Utilizing the Intersectional Perspective to Shift Individual and Systems Practices
Authors: McCall Chynna S. , Romero Monica E. , Yang Wenxi , Weigand Tanya
Published: December 2021

The chapter aims to help practitioners create more equitable learning environments and student outcomes using an intersectionality lens. The chapter first discusses what the intersectionality lens is and why it is essential. Then it discusses the impact of using an intersectional approach on exceptional education practitioners' abilities to understand better their students' lived experiences and needs, leading to more accurate and comprehensive decision making and subsequently providing more effective student placement, instruction, and support. The chapter provides guidance to practitioners concerning how to work with their teams and the school to create a continual commitment to cultural competence, reassessing structures and making necessary adjustments to maintain and enhance their utilization of culturally responsive practices.
Redesigning Deficit-Laden Assessments for Neurodivergent Students
Authors: Choi Sunghee , Schuck Rachel K. , Imm Kara
Published: December 2021

In this chapter, the authors deconstruct the deficit views inherent in special education assessment wherein marginalized, neurodivergent students receive stigmatizing labels and are often deprived of opportunities for quality instruction. The authors examine how eligibility criteria based on deficit views of disability are culturally biased and scientifically invalid. Then, the deficit perspective of Individualized Education Programs are analyzed to demonstrate how neurodivergent students and their families are isolated and objectified through this legal process. Lastly, as an alternative to the current assessment system, universally designed assessment is recommended to provide more accessible and flexible platforms for demonstrating students' knowledge and skills and to restore the lost connection between assessments and daily instruction.
Assistive Technology Interventions and Equity Within Literacy Instruction
Authors: Lipson Catherine
Published: December 2021

This study examines ways to provide assistive technology interventions within literacy courses for adolescents and young adults with disabilities. Instead of separating students from their peers during reading and writing assignments, literacy teachers who implement assistive technology can support equitable access to school curricula and technology-based learning resources. Unresolved questions about teacher training and accessibility led to the problem statement: What technology resources have special education service providers found useful during literacy instruction for students with support needs? Research reporting findings from intervention studies and/or interviews with educators showed differences between activity systems in secondary and post-secondary environments. Teachers' beliefs and expectations about student characteristics and the need for individual assistance could contribute to inequities in access to literacy instruction. The thematic analysis revealed practices within literacy classes that can decrease or maintain inequities for students with support needs.
Accelerated Learning Is Possible for Special Education Students
Authors: Lipp Jamie , Elzy JaNiece
Published: December 2021

Accelerated learning has been historically absent in conversations driving the instruction of students being served in special education. A prevailing deficit mindset commonly exists within the special education community leaving expectations of increased student learning to chance. This chapter aims to share data from a large-scale, national sample of special education students receiving the powerful literacy intervention, Literacy Lessons. These data detail the possibility of accelerated student learning by measuring the text reading level of students at entry and exit of the intervention, and even more, compared to their rate of progress before entering the intervention.
Re-Mediating Narratives
Authors: Švigelj Melissa Marini
Published: December 2021

This chapter draws from the experiences of a veteran educator teaching and learning with youths in a public high school located within a juvenile detention center between 2014-2018. Integrating the discourse of five young people who graduated from high school while in the juvenile detention center, the author demonstrates how the young people confront and re-mediate deficit-based narratives laden with the stereotypes that often surround students with exceptionalities in simultaneous, intersectional ways. Research specifically focused on young people who manage to graduate from high school while attending schools in JDCs (especially youth who identify as disabled or have been identified as having a disability) is significantly sparse. Furthermore, disability is often missing during analyses of incarceration and resistance. This chapter seeks to contribute to this understudied domain.
Spirituality and the Negotiating Ability of Leaders
Authors: Shabir Sana , Gani Abdul
Published: December 2021

Since the early 1980s researchers have shown increased interest in integrating spirituality and leadership. Spirituality has emerged as a discrete construct underlying the essence of effective leadership, and the negotiating ability has been regarded as one of its core descriptors. The study, on which the present chapter is based, attempts to ascertain the relationship between spirituality and leaders' negotiating ability. The sample for this study consisted of 450 leaders and 904 subordinates working across different service and manufacturing sectors in India. With the help of a mixed-method research design, data was gathered employing several tools. Leaders' spirituality has been measured through MacDonald's spirituality inventory and their negotiating ability through Rai's model. The study reveals that leaders' negotiating ability is a function of spirituality, and a proper understanding of spirituality improves negotiating abilities of leaders. It offers workable suggestions and outlines the implications of the results for policy and practice.
Leadership Styles
Authors: Al-Aali Ebtihaj , Alazali Ralla Mohammed
Published: December 2021

This research investigates leadership styles. It is an endeavor to point out unique features of leadership in Islamic banks. The research employs qualitative research. Leaders participating in this research are chief executive officers from Islamic banks. Interview is the research method used. The research is argued to enhance the understanding of leadership in Islamic banks. The understanding can shed light on applications of leadership theories in different contexts than the Western contexts. The later contexts are the situations at which theories of leadership have been developed. The research aims to illustrate whether different contexts can initiate leadership to transform or not. This in turn can help to have a better knowledge concerning human behaviour in organizations. The issue of sources of power utilised by interviewees is scrutinised as well. This is to investigate compatibility between leadership styles and sources of power employed.
A miséria do conspiracionismo brasileiro.
Authors: Dos Reis Cruz Natalia
Published: December 2021

Este artigo analisa a obra de Heitor de Paola, O Eixo do Mal Latino-Americano e a Nova Ordem Internacional, produto do movimento Mídia Sem Máscara, liderado por Olavo de Carvalho. A obra afirma que o comunismo domina o mundo e, com base no anticomunismo e na apologia do capitalismo liberal, o autor apropria-se de Marx e Gramsci, distorcendo as ideias desses autores, e manipula os conceitos de comunismo, capitalismo, metacapitalismo e imperialismo, para legitimar a tese conspiracionista, inspirada na visão binária do mundo, na qual o capitalismo representaria o “bem” e o comunismo o “mal”, pois pretenderia o domínio mundial.
“La vida es un combate interminable”. Nuevas configuraciones de lo nacional en la narrativa boliviana contemporánea.
Authors: González Almada Magdalena
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo analiza dos novelas de autores contemporáneos que tematizan ciertos eventos de la historia boliviana: Hablar con los perros (2011) de Wilmer Urrelo (1975) revisita la Guerra del Chaco (1932-1935); En el cuerpo una voz (2017), Maximiliano Barrientos (1979) configura un espacio y tiempo alternativos basados en los acontecimientos de la disputa separatista de los años 2008-2009. La pregunta por las nuevas configuraciones de lo nacional en la narrativa boliviana contemporánea, guiará este artículo a los fines de advertir la intersección de los discursos literarios e históricos y las posibilidades de análisis que proyectan.
O fim do bipartidarismo e o retorno do pluripartidarismo no Paraná (1979-1982).
Authors: Batistella Alessandro
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo pretende analisar o epílogo da ARENA e do MDB no Paraná e o retorno do pluripartidarismo, com as organizações dos novos partidos políticos no estado. Desse modo, em um primeiro momento pretende-se analisar a reforma político-partidária de 1979 e o fim do bipartidarismo. Em seguida, abordaremos os processos de organização do Partido Democrático Social (PDS), sucedâneo da ARENA, e do Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (PMDB), herdeiro do MDB, no estado. Em um terceiro momento, serão analisadas a gênese e a breve trajetória do Partido Popular (PP) no Paraná. Posteriormente, serão estudados os processos de reorganização do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) e de organização do Partido Democrático Trabalhista (PDT) e do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) no estado. Por fim, analisaremos as eleições de 1982, o primeiro pleito ocorrido após o fim do bipartidarismo, no Paraná.
A emergência do transporte ferroviário no Brasil e na Argentina: uma abordagem na perspectiva da economia política dos sistemas-mundo.
Authors: Lins Hoyêdo Nunes
Published: December 2021

O artigo aborda a constituição da estrutura ferroviária do Brasil e da Argentina, entre meados do século XIX e o início do século XX, à luz do debate sobre o capitalismo histórico na perspectiva analítica dos sistemas-mundo. O objetivo do estudo é analisar, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a formação do referido sistema ferroviário considerando-a como uma reverberação, nessas latitudes do sistema mundial capitalista, de movimentos protagonizados nas zonas centrais deste.
“Incessantes desgostos vinham todos os dias aumentar os meus sofrimentos”: as disputas entre um médico ofendido e o presidente da Província de Pernambuco (1856).
Authors: Ferreira Alexandre Jucieldo , Fontes Cadena Paulo Henrique
Published: December 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os conflitos que envolveram o médico Joaquim de Aquino Fonseca e José Bento da Cunha Figueiredo, presidente da Província de Pernambuco. Em meio a uma grave epidemia de cólera, em 1856, as duas autoridades se indispuseram ao ponto da Comissão de Higiene Pública pedir afastamento coletivo. O artigo tem por base um manuscrito, de cinquenta e duas páginas, aparentemente ainda não explorado pela historiografia, no qual Aquino Fonseca – falando ao Ministro dos Negócio do Império, Luiz Pedreira do Couto Ferraz – desferiu vinte e quatro acusações ao chefe do executivo provincial, dando a entender que Figueiredo atuou contra os ordenamentos sanitários imperiais, atentando contra a salubridade pública, a autoridade dos médicos e favorecendo a ação de charlatões durante a crise epidêmica. Por meio do artigo, é possível perceber as tensões decorrentes dos projetos higienistas no oitocentos.
Editorial
Authors: Moraes dos Santos Christian Fausto
Published: December 2021

Editorial para o Dossiê "As doenças têm História"
Raça e reencarnação no Espiritualismo norte-americano: uma visão a partir da crítica de Allan Kardec (1857-1869).
Authors: Farias de Sousa Rodrigo , Gulão Pimentel Marcelo
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo discute o tratamento da questão racial no Espiritualismo Moderno norte-americano, a partir da hipótese de Allan Kardec, na Revue Spirite, de que a rejeição dos espiritualistas à crença na reencarnação se deveria ao forte preconceito racial presente nos Estados Unidos. A análise se dá em dois planos: primeiro, apresenta-se o estado atual do assunto na recente historiografia do Espiritualismo; em seguida, descreve-se a maneira como Kardec tratou essa divergência doutrinária entre espíritas e espiritualistas, tomando como estudo de caso os espiritualistas francófonos de Nova Orleans.
HLA-H*02:07 Is a Membrane-Bound Ligand of Denisovan Origin That Protects against Lysis by Activated Immune Effectors
Authors: Hubert Lucas , Paganini Julien , Picard Christophe , Chiaroni Jacques , Abi-Rached Laurent , Pontarotti Pierre , Di Cristofaro Julie
Published: December 2021

The biological relevance of genes initially categorized as “pseudogenes” is slowly emerging, notably in innate immunity. In the HLA region on chromosome 6, HLA-H is one such pseudogene; yet, it is transcribed, and its variation is associated with immune properties. Furthermore, two HLA-H alleles, H*02:07 and H*02:14, putatively encode a complete, membrane-bound HLA protein. Here we thus hypothesized that HLA-H contributes to immune homeostasis similarly to tolerogenic molecules HLA-G, -E, and -F. We tested if HLA-H*02:07 encodes a membrane-bound protein that can inhibit the cytotoxicity of effector cells. We used an HLA-null human erythroblast cell line transduced with HLA-H*02:07 cDNA to demonstrate that HLA-H*02:07 encodes a membrane-bound protein. Additionally, using a cytotoxicity assay, our results support that K562 HLA-H*02:07 inhibits human effector IL-2–activated PBMCs and human IL-2–independent NK92-MI cell line activity. Finally, through in silico genotyping of the Denisovan genome and haplotypic association with Denisovan-derived HLA-A*11, we also show that H*02:07 is of archaic origin. Hence, admixture with archaic humans brought a functional HLA-H allele into modern European and Asian populations.
Computed tomography severity scoring of COVID 19 infected young patients: Is the second wave affecting the young lungs more than the first wave in India?
Authors: Shah Omair , Maqsood Shadab , Shera Tahleel , Bhat Mudasir , Choh Naseer , Shah Aamir , Shaheen Feroze , Gojwari Tariq
Published: December 2021

We evaluated the High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) findings in young patients (< 40 years) infected with the COVID 19 virus and tried to find out any difference in the severity of lung involvement between the first and second wave of the pandemic and whether the notion of young population being more severely affected by the second wave holds true.Two-hundred (200) young patients (<40 years) with RT PCR documented COVID infections undergoing HRCT chest at our institute were included. Group A included young patients infected in the first wave (up to 28 February 2021) while Group B included patients beyond this date. Demographic and clinical data was obtained from the medical records department. HRCT scans were retrieved from the archive and were assessed by two radiologists or CT severity scoring. The mean severity scores were calculated and any statistical difference between Group A and B was sought. CT scans of four fully vaccinated patients were also evaluated.The age and gender distribution among the two groups was comparable. A greater number of patients in group B required hospital admission compared to group A (74% VS 53%). In group A, the mean severity score was 10.1±2.1 with 34 patients (34%) in mild category, 46 patients (46%) in moderate group and 20 patients (20%) in the severe group. In group B, the mean CT severity score was 12.6±2.3 with 20 patients (20%) in mild category, 42 patients (42%) in moderate group and 38 patients (38%) in the severe group.Lung involvement in young patients in the second wave is more severe requiring more hospital admissions. Vaccinated population may well have a milder form of the disease.
The Scavenger Hunt: An Educational Technique for Preceptors and Athletic Training Students
Authors: Mazzoli Linda Fabrizio , Moffit Dani M. , Mansell Jamie L.
Published: December 2021

Context

Entry-level athletic trainers (ATs) often lack tools necessary to help build confidence and professional networks, especially if they are the only clinicians in their facility. One-way athletic training education can help is to encourage preceptors to assist in mentoring athletic training students (ATSs) as they navigate the shift from student to AT.

Objective

To describe 1 educational technique developed by a preceptor that showcases effective mentoring, networking, volunteer opportunities, and communication.

Background

Mentorship is important for all entry-level ATs. By providing opportunities before graduation and assisting ATSs in learning how to network and communicate with potential mentors, future ATs can then continue the mentoring pipeline as they accept preceptor positions.

Description

This activity was developed by a preceptor while the ATS was in her immersive setting. It provided the ATS an opportunity to develop networking skills while still having support from the preceptor as mentor and while also growing the number of colleagues in her network. By providing a self-discovery activity, the ATS learned how to effectively maneuver through a large conference while gaining confidence, contacts, and a better understanding of the profession.

Clinical Advantage(s)

The preceptor developed a mentoring relationship with the ATS while also giving her the opportunity to build connections and identify characteristics that she would like to have in future mentors.

Conclusion(s)

Networking is often a difficult skill for new professionals. By creating this scavenger hunt, the preceptor demonstrated effective mentoring in addition to pushing the ATS outside of her comfort zone to develop her own professional network and observe how professionals can give back to their association.
Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Pulmonary Tuberculosis among People Deprived of Liberty in Colombian Prisons
Authors: Herrera Mariana , Keynan Yoav , López Lucelly , Marín Diana , Arroyave Luisa , Arbeláez María Patricia , Vélez Lázaro , Rueda Zulma Vanessa
Published: December 2021

People deprived of liberty (PDL) are at high risk of acquiring Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (latent tuberculosis infection [LTBI]) and progressing to active tuberculosis (TB). We sought to determine the incidence rates and factors associated with LTBI and active TB in Colombian prisons. Using information of four cohort studies, we included 240 PDL with two-step tuberculin skin test (TST) negative and followed them to evaluate TST conversion, as well as, 2,134 PDL that were investigated to rule out active TB (1,305 among people with lower respiratory symptoms of any duration, and 829 among people without respiratory symptoms and screened for LTBI). Latent tuberculosis infection incidence rate was 2,402.88 cases per 100,000 person-months (95% CI 1,364.62–4,231.10) in PDL with short incarceration at baseline, and 419.66 cases per 100,000 person-months (95% CI 225.80–779.95) in individuals with long incarceration at baseline (who were enrolled for the follow after at least 1 year of incarceration). The TB incidence rate among PDL with lower respiratory symptoms was 146.53 cases/100,000 person-months, and among PDL without respiratory symptoms screened for LTBI the incidence rate was 19.49 cases/100,000 person-months. History of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination decreased the risk of acquiring LTBI among PDL who were recently incarcerated. Female sex, smoked drugs, and current cigarette smoking were associated with an increased risk of developing active TB. This study shows that PDL have high risk for LTBI and active TB. It is important to perform LTBI testing at admission to prison, as well as regular follow-up to control TB in prisons.
Güneş Enerjisi Kaynaklı Absorbsiyonlu Soğutma Sisteminin Farklı Eriyik Çiftleri İle Termodinamik Analizi
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Ali Haydar , CİMSİT Canan
Published: December 2021

Absorbsiyonlu soğutma sistemlerinde kullanılan soğutucu akışkan çiftlerinin küresel ısınmaya ve ozon tabakasına zararlı etkilerinin olmamaları absorbsiyonlu soğutma sistemlerini buhar sıkıştırmalı soğutma sistemlerine göre avantajlı kılar. Bu çalışmada LiCl-H2O, LiBr-H2O ve NH3-H2O eriyik çiftleri ile çalıştığı kabul edilen absorbsiyonlu soğutma sisteminin sistem elemanlarının farklı çalışma sıcaklıklarına göre Termodinamiğin 1. ve 2. kanunu kapsamında karşılaştırmalı analizi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada Antalya ili için absorbsiyonlu soğutma sisteminin güneş enerjisi kaynaklı çalıştığı kabul edilerek aylara göre gelen güneş ışınımı değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada üç farklı vakum tüplü kolektörü ve LiCl-H2O çifti ile çalışan absorbsiyonlu soğutma sisteminin analizi yapılmıştır. Analizde kolektör verimleri, gerekli kolektör alanları ve ekonomik olarak çalışabilmesi için gerekli olan solar fraksiyon değerleri ve kolektör alanları hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar tablolar ve grafikler halinde verilmiştir.
Best Practice Guidelines and Recommendations for Health Care Providers
Authors:   , Portillo Bernadette
Published: December 2021

Human trafficking (HT) is a federal and international crime and is regarded as one of the most pressing human rights issues. Adult and minor victims are trafficked by force (rape, beatings, confinement), fraud, and coercion resulting in profound physical and psychological injuries (Chisolm-Straker et al., 2019, p. 72; Department of Homeland Security, 2020; Vera Institute of Justice, 2014, p. 6). Most clinicians fail to recognize HT victims (Egyud et al., 2017; Leslie, 2018; Mason, 2018; McDow & Dols, 2020; Mostajabian et al., 2019; Patient Safety Monitor Journal, 2017; Stevens & Dinkle, 2020). This policy brief’s purpose is to provide health care providers with a validated HT screening tool and best practice guidelines and recommendations to aid in victim identification. The strategies outlined are those published by the Vera Institute of Justice’s HT Victim Identification Tool and are endorsed by the Emergency Nurses Association and the International Association of Forensic Nurses (Chisolm-Straker et al., 2019; Egyud et al., 2017; Leslie, 2018; McDow & Dols, 2020; Mostajabian et al., 2019; Peck, 2020; Stevens & Dinkle, 2020, p. e1; Vera Institute of Justice, 2014). These proposals will increase the likelihood that patients experiencing sexual and labor exploitation will be identified (Chisolm-Straker et al., 2019; Egyud et al., 2017; Leslie, 2018; McDow & Dols, 2020; Mostajabian et al., 2019; Peck, 2020; Stevens & Dinkle, 2020, p. e1; Vera Institute of Justice, 2014)
Salgında Bir Din Adamı: Papaz Paneloux ve Dini Şüpheleri
Authors: FERAH Nimet
Published: December 2021

Dini şüphe, din psikolojisinin temel araştırma alanları arasında yer alan bir konudur. Bu makalede Albert Camus’nun kurgusal romanı Veba’da bir din adamı olarak karakterize edilen Papaz Paneloux’un salgın sürecinde yaşadığı dini şüpheler ele alınacaktır. Papaz Paneloux’un yaşadığı sorgulamalar, manevi buhranlar ve dini şüpheler; salgın gibi zorlu yaşam olayları karşısında insanın psikolojisini anlamak adına önemlidir. Kurgusal karakter Papaz Paneloux, nitel araştırma desenine uygun bir şekilde örnek olay yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve din psikolojisinin verileri ışığında yorumlanmıştır. Başlangıçta ateşli vaazlar veren Papaz Paneloux salgınla mücadele için sağlık ekiplerine katıldığında dini şüphelere kapılıp inancını sorgulamak zorunda kalmış ve tam bir araftalık hali yaşamıştır. Bu durum, insanı aşan ve zorlayan olaylar karşısında anlam ve kontrol duygusunu sağlamak adına yaşanan doğal psikolojik bir süreç içerisinde ortaya çıkan özgün bir durumu betimlemektedir. Gerek Camus’nün zihnindeki soruları gerekse Paneloux’u karakterini yansıtan ve “felsefi-varoluşsal dini şüphe” olarak isimlendirilebilecek bu sorgulamaların inancı sarsıcı ve inançsızlığa evrilebilecek bir dini şüphe çeşidini oluşturduğu, buna rağmen Paneloux’nun bir inanan olarak kalmayı başarabildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
YDS Arapça Sınavına Dair Bazı Tespit ve Öneriler (2013-2018)
Authors: HACIBEKİROĞLU Abdullah , ASUTAY Muhammet Mücahit
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada ÖSYM’nin yapmış olduğu yabancı dil sınavlarından biri olan YDS Arapça sınavı ele alınmıştır. Bu inceleme ÖSYM’nin resmî internet sitesinde yayınladığı 2013-2018 arasındaki YDS Arapça sınav soruları ile sınırlandırılmıştır. 2013-2018 yılları arasında toplam on iki sınav yer almaktadır. Bu sınavdaki sorular önce harekelenen kelimeler açısından incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Harekelemenin hangi ölçütlere göre yapıldığı araştırılmıştır. Hangi kelimelerin harekelenmesi gerektiğine dair öneriler sunulmuştur. Daha sonra sorular yazım hataları açısından incelenmiş ve tespit edilen hususlara dikkat çekilmiştir. Sorulardaki bazı dilbilgisi hatalarına da vurgu yapılmıştır. Çeviri sorularıyla ilgili bazı değerlendirmeler sunulmuştur. Adayın yabancı dil düzeyini yeteri kadar ölçmediği düşünülen bazı sorularla ilgili eleştiriler yöneltilmiştir. Soru kitapçığındaki biçimsel kusurlara da işaret edilmiştir. YDS sınavına lisansüstü eğitime başvurmak isteyen adaylar, yabancı dil tazminatı almak isteyen kamu personelleri, doçent adayları, doktora ve sanatta yeterlik çalışmasına başvuracak olanlar, tıpta uzmanlık yapmak isteyen doktorlar, öğretmenlik atamalarında kullanmak üzere bazı yabancı dil öğretmen adayları, öğretim üyesi dışındaki öğretim elemanı kadrosuna başvurmak isteyen adaylar girmektedir. Bu yüzden sınavdaki hataların asgari düzeye indirilmesi gerekir. Bu çalışma yukarıda zikredilen hususlar çerçevesinde YDS Arapça sınavına içerik ve şekil bakımından bazı standartların belirlenmesine katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir.
The Effects of an Authentic Collaborative Project on University Directing Students’ Learning Experiences
Authors: Ramli Nur Hilyati , Suhaimi Safia Najwa , Kabilan Muhammad Kamarul
Published: December 2021

This phenomenological study reports an authentic collaborative project between students of acting and directing (AD) and students of Teaching English as Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) in University Sains Malaysia (USM). The project, which is integrated and infused with features of authentic learning and creative drama education, aims to provide the AD students with new learning experiences that are authentic in nature and that focuses on their abilities to direct a full theatre performance. Using qualitative data collection methods (i.e., online reflections and open-ended items), the study identified and determined six meaningful learning experiences that the 29 AD students gained: (i) constructing, sharing, and utilizing knowledge; (ii) understanding roles as directors; (iii) identifying and solving problems; (iv) creating and building teamwork; (v) developing creativity in directing; and (vi) practising professionalism in directing. The paper also provides some guidelines for other practitioners and researchers to undertake similar projects in future and in other settings.
SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF THE MONOFUNCTIONAL GOLD(III) COMPLEX AND SULPHUR-DONOR BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT LIGANDS
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Kesić Ana S. , Radisavljević Snežana , Petrović Biljana V.
Published: December 2021

Gold(III) complexes have found application in catalysis, materials science and medical inorganic chemistry. Considering that the right choice of inert ligands in the structure of Au(III) complexes is crucial for their properties and reactivity toward biomolecules, we have studied the substitution reactions between monofunctional Au(III) complex, [Au(Cl-Ph-tpy)Cl]Cl2 (Cl- Ph-tpy = 4′-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2′:6′, 2″-terpyridine) and sulfur-donor biomolecules, glutathione (GSH) and L-methionine (L-Met), in 25 mM Hepes buffer (pH = 7.2) and 40 mM NaCl. The reactions were followed under the pseudo-first-order conditions as a function of ligand concentration and temperature, using the stopped-flow technique. Calculations were made by Microsoft Excel 2019 and Origin2019b 64Bit. Observed kinetics traces follow a single exponential function, suggesting that the process of the substitution undergoes as one reversible step. Also, L-Met was more reactive than GSH. This order is related to the positive inductive effect of the methyl group, which increases the nucleophilicity of the thioether. According to the values of the activation parameters, the reactions follow an associative model. These results demonstrate the strong connection between the reactivity of Au(III) complexes and the structural and electronic characteristics of the biologically important ligands.
PHENOLIC CONTENT AND POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF „LYSIMACHIA VULGARIS“ L. AERIAL PART AND ROOT EXTRACTS
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Srećković Nikola Z. , Katanić Stanković Jelena S. , Mihailović Vladimir B.
Published: December 2021

Lysimachia vulgaris L., also known as yellow loosestrife, is an herbaceous perennial flowering plant from the family Primulaceae. Traditionally, L. vulgaris has been commonly used in Chinese medicine to increase urination, reduce fever, and treat sexually transmitted ailments. This study aimed to investigate phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial potential of L. vulgaris aerial part (LVA) and root (LVR) methanol extracts. Based on the spectrophotometric determination, both extracts possessed a high level of phenolic compounds. The content of total phenolic compounds (130.14 mg GAE/g) and condensed tannins (120.58 mg GAE/g) was higher in LVR, while total flavonoid (206.93 mg QUE/g) and flavanol (17.02 RUE/g) contents were higher in LVA. DPPH and ABTS assays were used to estimate the antioxidant activity of the extracts, whereby LVR showed better antioxidant potential in both applied methods. The extracts inhibited the growth of most of the tested bacterial and fungal strains with minimal inhibitory concentration values (MICs) ranged between (˂ 0.3125 to 20 mg/mL), whereby the significantly higher antimicrobial activity of LVR was observed. Based on the obtained results, the significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of L. vulgaris root extract may be a basis for its further research and potential application in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
THERMODYNAMICS OF THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HUMULONES AND OTHER ANTIOXIDANTS FROM BEER – A MOLECULAR MODELING APPROACH
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Cvijetić Ilija , Bigović Miljan , Ristivojević Petar , Vitorović-Todorović Maja , Zloh Mire , Milojković-Opsenica Dušanka
Published: December 2021

Recent experimental study identified eight potent antioxidants in German beers, including isoxanthohumol, (R)- and (S)-adhumulone, cis– and trans-iso-adhumulone, cis– and trans-iso- n-humulone, and desdimetyhyl-octahydro-iso-cohumulone. To provide insights into the structural basis of their radical scavenging activity, we calculated the thermodynamic feasibility of two common antioxidant mechanisms, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), using the density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6-311g++(2d,2p) method in the gas phase and implicit solvation model of water. The calculated bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) and ionization potential (IP) of all compounds were compared with the corresponding values for resveratrol, a highly potent antioxidant found in red wine. The fully reduced humulone isomer, desdimetyhyl-octahydro-iso-cohumulone, could scavenge free radicals via HAT as revealed by BDEs 5.1 and 23.9 kJ/mol lower than the values for resveratrol in gas phase and water, respectively. Furthermore, the enolic –OH group was identified as the pharmacophoric hotspot for the interaction of humulones with the reactive free radicals. The HAT potency of this group is significantly reduced through the formation of strong intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) with the β-keto group. Moreover, the SET-PT mechanism was thermodynamically favorable for isoxanthohumol. These results strongly suggest higher antioxidant activity of beers with the increased content of the reduced forms of humulones and their isomers.
DESCRIPTION OF CHITOSANE GRAFTED ACRYLIC ACID BASED HYDROGEL SWELLING KINETICS AND THEIR USE IN NEW DESIGNED SYSTEM
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Erceg Tamara , Brakus Gaja , Kojić Dejan , Vukić Nevena , Teofilović Vesna , Tanasić Jelena , Ristić Ivan
Published: December 2021

Chitosan based hydrogel was synthesized via free-radical polymerization in a two-step procedure, after modification of chitosan by acrylic acid. Dynamic swelling test was carried out in distilled water at room temperature. Swelling kinetics was modeling using the principle of assuming the equation for a swelling ratio-time empirical dependence. Using regression analysis in this way gives the possibility for simpler determination of swelling ratio-time empirical dependence, knowing the graph functions. Obtained hydrogel was used for preparation of new bilayer hydrogel system which has potential application in wound dressing systems and other fields where pH sensitivity and improved mechanical properties of biopolymers are required in framework of green, cost-effective process.
Intellectual Property versus soziale Interessen von Entwicklungsländern - Das Patenrecht und seine Auswirkung auf die Ernährungssicherheit - Diplomarbeit
Authors: Fricke Claudia
Published: December 2021

Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Zeitraum August bis November 2009 erstellt und befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen des Patentrechtes auf die Ernährungssicherheit in Entwicklungsländern am Beispiel von gentechnisch verändertem Saatgut. Die Thematik der Biopatentierung hat seit der Erstellung dieser Arbeit an Bedeutung gewonnen nicht zuletzt durch die im Dezember ergangene Vorentscheidung zum „Brokkoli“-Patent1 der großen Beschwerdekammer des Europäischen Patentamtes (EPA). Es wurde festgelegt, dass Patente auf „im wesentliche(n) biologischen Verfahren“ (Art. 2a PatG/ Art. 53b EPÜ) nicht zulässig sind. Auch die Verwendung von technischen Verfahrensschritten - in diesem Fall markergestützte Selektion – führt nicht zu einem Patent. Bezugnehmend auf die eingangs gestellte Frage, inwiefern Patente auf Saatgut die Ernährungssicherheit bedrohen, ist festzustellen, dass die Patentierung des Saatgutes nicht im direkten Zusammenhang mit der Ernährungssicherheit steht. Jedoch hat die Patentierung von Saatgut den Anbau landwirtschaftlicher Nutzpflanzen in Monokulturen zu folge, weil Bauern – aufgrund der durch Lizenzgebühren verursachten hohen Kosten – nur noch bestimmte Sorten anbauen und die Sortenwahl durch die Unternehmen vorgegeben wird. Die Folgen der Monokulturen liegen besonders unter dem Aspekt der genetischen Verarmung, also der Abnahme der biologischen Vielfalt, in der Gefährdung der Ernährungssicherheit und der finanziellen Abhängigkeit der Bauern von den Saatgutunternehmen. Dabei ist auf lange Sicht auch die Ernährungssicherheit in den Industrieländern gefährdet, denn auch deren Volkswirtschaften und insbesondere deren Nahrungs- und Futterindustrie sind abhängig von der biologischen Vielfalt des Südens.