bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Objective Optimization of Building Ventilation Systems Using Model Predictive Control: Integrating Air Quality, Energy Cost, and Environmental Impact
Authors: Andersen Andreas Hyrup , Jradi Muhyiddine
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a flexible heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) modeling framework developed for building digital twin implementation. The framework is showcased for the modeling and simulation of four ventilation systems in a 8500 m2 university building. The developed model includes multiple objective model predictive control (MPC) with three objectives: electricity cost, indoor air quality and CO2 emission attributed to electricity consumption. A control strategy comparison is conducted between several MPC solutions with different objective weightings and a rule-based control strategy, which emulates the current system control. A novel approach for air quality evaluation is proposed and used for the MPC modeling and strategy comparison in this study. In this comparison, a “balanced” MPC strategy reduces energy costs by 18% compared to rule-based control while also providing significantly better air quality. An economic strategy achieves 24% savings with some air quality reduction, while an air-quality-focused strategy provides nearly “perfect” air quality with 11% savings. Finally, an environmental strategy shows the potential for prioritizing CO2 emissions over electricity costs. In this way, the strategy comparison illustrates the potential of MPC for the efficient operation and flexible objective prioritization according to stakeholder interests.
Consideration of Rocking Wind Turbine Foundations on Undrained Clay with an Efficient Constitutive Model
Authors: Badrkhani Ajaei Behrouz , El Naggar Mohamed Hesham
Published: January 2025

The concept of rocking foundations has been successfully tested and promoted for building and bridge foundations. In this paper, the applicability of rocking foundations to wind turbines is investigated, specifically for wind turbines constructed on undrained clay. An efficient form of von Mises constitutive model with non-linear kinematic hardening is integrated with the ABAQUS finite element software by a computer code and validated against experimental data. A cohesive contact of foundation–soil with limited tension is applied to simulate suction stresses at the foundation bottom–soil interface, which better represented the rocking foundation behavior. The obtained finite element results demonstrate that by allowing minimal foundation uplift under operational loads, an existing foundation can be used to support loads from a larger wind turbine than it is designed for. Allowing such uplifts corresponds to a rocking foundation design that is demonstrated in this paper to be safe and functional for a wind turbine under both operational and extreme conditions.
Removing Land Subsidence Impact from GPS Horizontal Motion in Tianjin, China
Authors: Peng Zhao , Liu Wenbing , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2025

The phenomenon of land subsidence has been demonstrated to exert a considerable influence on GPS observations. However, to date, no study which has successfully removed the impact of land subsidence on GPS horizontal motion has been conducted. We developed an original sequence-to-sequence deep learning model for the elimination of the impact of land subsidence on GPS horizontal motion, employing gated recurrent units. The model is capable of predicting the horizontal motion of the target GPS station with the impact of land subsidence removed by learning the implicit relationship between the horizontal motion and vertical data of the station. A local model was constructed for each GPS station in the Tianjin subsidence area, and the corresponding dataset was generated for the purposes of model training and testing. The vertical data, with the impact of land subsidence removed, were employed as model inputs for the purpose of predicting the horizontal motion of the same station, with the impact of land subsidence similarly removed. The results demonstrate that following the removal of the impact of land subsidence, the dispersion of GPS horizontal motion within the Tianjin subsidence area is markedly diminished, and the horizontal motion trend exhibits greater consistency with that observed at neighboring stations in non-subsidence regions. The impact of land subsidence on GPS horizontal motion exhibits variability across different regions of the Tianjin subsidence area and among disparate stations.
An Experimental Study of Coal Gangue Pulverization for Slurry Making and a Field Test on Hulusu Coal Mine Overburden Grouting
Authors: Li Jian , Xuan Dayang , Xu Jialin , Xu Jianchao
Published: January 2025

Coal gangue is a solid waste produced in the coal mining process. During the mining process, mining-induced overburden fractures are a favorable place for the storage of coal gangue; therefore, coal gangue can be incorporated into filling materials for harmless disposal. Overburden isolated grout filling is a better technology for solid waste reduction, which is currently in development. This paper delves into the methodology of large-scale coal gangue disposal, utilizing this specific technology. With reference to fly ash granules and their slurry characteristics that have been previously applied successfully, raw gangue was pulverized and transformed into a slurry. This experiment then investigated the fundamental characteristics of the gangue powder solids and slurry. This study’s findings reveal that the composition types of granule oxides following gangue pulverization closely resemble those of fly ash, with minimal content differences observed between identical oxides. Regarding slurry characteristics, the plastic viscosity of fly ash slurry ranged from 0.45 to 145.2 mPa·s, whereas the plastic viscosity of gangue slurry varied between 2.1 and 56.4 mPa·s. Notably, the stability and fluidity of the gangue slurry surpassed those of the fly ash slurry. Furthermore, regarding the filling efficiency, the compaction coefficient of gangue slurry is less than that of fly ash. Consequently, under identical grouting conditions, a larger mass of solids can be disposed of using gangue slurry compared to fly ash. The research findings facilitate the implementation of a practice involving the overburden isolated grout filling of over million tons of coal gangue in the 21404 working face of the Hulusu coal mine, located in Inner Mongolia, China. This practice has demonstrated a daily filling capacity of up to 4000 t, accumulating to a total gangue filling mass of 1,068,000 t. This study’s findings present a viable and efficient approach to the large-scale, environmentally friendly disposal of coal gangue.
Carbon Footprint Management with Industry 4.0 Technologies and Erp Systems in Sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: Yurtay Yüksel
Published: January 2025

The urgency of addressing climate change has amplified the need for sustainable manufacturing practices. This review explores the integration of carbon footprint management and energy efficiency strategies within Industry 4.0 technologies and ERP systems, emphasizing their role in achieving environmental sustainability. Despite the increasing interest in these domains, the literature reveals critical gaps, particularly in the application of Industry 4.0 technologies—such as IoT, big data analytics, and AI—for effective carbon management and sustainable manufacturing. Furthermore, the limited exploration of ERP systems in tracking, analyzing, and optimizing carbon emissions across supply chains highlights another under-researched area. This paper systematically reviews recent advancements, methodologies, and implementation challenges, categorizing findings under energy efficiency strategies, green supply chain management, and digital transformation for carbon reduction. The study identifies opportunities for real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and cross-sector collaborations while addressing obstacles such as high initial costs, data integration complexities, and the lack of regulatory frameworks. By bridging these research gaps, this paper contributes a comprehensive understanding of how Industry 4.0 technologies and ERP systems can transform carbon footprint management, providing actionable insights for academia, policymakers, and industry practitioners aiming to align with global sustainability goals.
Linearly Polarized γ Photon Generation from Unpolarized Electron Bunch Interacting with Laser
Authors: He Yang , Yakup Burabigul , Bake Mamat Ali
Published: January 2025

Highly polarized high-energy γ photons demonstrate potential application in the efficient detection of strong-field quantum electrodynamics effects. Currently, polarized γ-rays are mostly generated in conventional particle accelerators, which are typically huge and expensive. This study proposes a scheme for generating linearly polarized γ photons from the interaction of a GeV-level unpolarized electron bunch with currently available laser pulses at moderate intensity. We investigate the scheme by considering the electron bunch of various initial energies and various laser intensities using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation and the theory of quantum electrodynamics. Results show that GeV-level linearly polarized γ photons were generated from the interaction with a high polarization degree of 63% and brightness of 1.8×1021photons/(smm2mrad20.1%bandwidth(BW)) at 1 GeV. Moreover, it is also shown that the photon generation rate was enhanced with higher laser intensity and electron bunch energy, whereas the polarization degree decreased with higher laser intensities. Our scheme can be realized experimentally at currently available laser wakefield electron acceleration facilities.
Bilinear Optimal Control for a Nonlinear Parabolic Equation Involving Nonlocal-in-Time Term
Authors: Mophou Gisèle , Fournier Arnaud , Jean-Alexis Célia
Published: January 2025

We study a bilinear optimal control problem for an evolution equation with a nonlinear term that depends on both the state and its time integral. First, we establish existence and uniqueness results for this evolution equation. Then, we derive weak maximum principle results to improve the regularity of the state equation. We proceed by formulating an optimal control problem aimed at steering the system’s state to a desired final state. Finally, we demonstrate that this optimal control problem admits a solution and derive the first- and second-order optimality conditions.
Efficient Degradation of Industrial Biowaste via In-Vessel Composting—Technical and Microbial Assessments
Authors: Tan Jamie Jean Minn , Keng Zi Xiang , Chong Siew Hui , Pan Guan-Ting , Singh Ajit , Supramaniam Christinavimala , Khoiroh Ianatul
Published: January 2025

In this study, a pilot-scale in-vessel composter was used to treat a mixture of industrial biowaste, with soybean curd residue and saw dust as the major substrates. The composter is capable of treating up to 350 tons/month of waste, producing up to 150 tons/month of high-quality compost within a retention time of 7–10 days. The final compost has an average nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium content of 6%, moisture content of 28%, pH of 6.1, organic matter of 68%, and carbon–nitrogen ratio of 19:1. It also has a good amount of humic acid and macronutrients. Composts from all stages of the composting process—pre-mix, directly after discharge, after one-month of curing, and right before packaging—were evaluated with metagenomic analysis to identify the microbes that may add value to the compost.
An Effective Methodology for Diabetes Prediction in the Case of Class Imbalance
Authors: Toleva Borislava , Atanasov Ivan , Ivanov Ivan , Hooper Vincent
Published: January 2025

Diabetes causes an increase in the level of blood sugar, which leads to damage to various parts of the human body. Diabetes data are used not only for providing a deeper understanding of the treatment mechanisms but also for predicting the probability that one might become sick. This paper proposes a novel methodology to perform classification in the case of heavy class imbalance, as observed in the PIMA diabetes dataset. The proposed methodology uses two novel steps, namely resampling and random shuffling prior to defining the classification model. The methodology is tested with two versions of cross validation that are appropriate in cases of class imbalance—k-fold cross validation and stratified k-fold cross validation. Our findings suggest that when having imbalanced data, shuffling the data randomly prior to a train/test split can help improve estimation metrics. Our methodology can outperform existing machine learning algorithms and complex deep learning models. Applying our proposed methodology is a simple and fast way to predict labels with class imbalance. It does not require additional techniques to balance classes. It does not involve preselecting important variables, which saves time and makes the model easy for analysis. This makes it an effective methodology for initial and further modeling of data with class imbalance. Moreover, our methodologies show how to increase the effectiveness of the machine learning models based on the standard approaches and make them more reliable.
Varroa Volatiles Offer Chemical Cues to Honey Bees for Initial Parasitic Recognition
Authors: Zhao Qinglong , Wang Xinning , Mustafa Ahsan , Wang Ying , Wang Hongfang , Chi Xuepeng , Xu Baohua , Liu Zhenguo
Published: January 2025

Olfaction mediated by the antennae is a vital sensory modality for arthropods and could be applied as a tool in pest control. The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor poses a significant threat to the health of the honey bee Apis mellifera worldwide and has garnered global attention. To better understand the chemical ecology of this host–parasite relationship, we collected and characterized the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from V. destructor and used electroantennography (EAG) to record the responses of honey bee (A. c. cerana and A. m. ligustica) antennae to the different VOCs. Fifteen VOCs were detected from V. destructor using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which mainly contained ethyl palmitate, followed by isoamyl alcohol, nonanal, and ethyl oleate. The EAGs for ethyl palmitate were higher at the lowest stimulus loading (5 μg/μL in liquid paraffin) in A. c. cerana compared to A. m. ligustica, suggesting that A. c. cerana may have acute sensitivity to low concentrations of some VOCs from V. destructor. After exposure to ethyl palmitate for 1 h, the relative expression levels of AcerCSP1 and AcerOBP21 in A. c. cerana significantly increased, as well as the level of AmelCSP1 in A. m. ligustica, while AmelOBP8 showed no significant changes. The results indicate that the EAG response was influenced by the VOC composition and concentration. A. c. cerana tended to be more responsive than A. m. ligustica to the VOCs of V. destructor. Our findings offer a deeper understanding of how bees recognize V. destructor, potentially using ethyl palmitate as a chemical cue.
An Open-Source 3D Printed Three-Fingered Robotic Gripper for Adaptable and Effective Grasping
Authors: Yumbla Francisco , Quinones Yumbla Emiliano , Mendoza Erick , Lara Cristobal , Pagalo Javier , Terán Efraín , Algabri Redhwan , Doh Myeongyun , Luong Tuan , Moon Hyungpil
Published: January 2025

This research focuses on the design of a three-finger adaptive gripper using additive manufacturing and electromechanical actuators, with the purpose of providing a low-cost, efficient, and reliable solution for easy integration with any robot arm for industrial and research purposes. During the development phase, 3D printing materials were employed in the gripper’s design, with Polylactic Acid (PLA) filament used for the rigid mechanical components and Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) for the flexible membranes that distribute pressure to the resistive force sensors. Stress analysis and simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the components under load and to gradually refine the design of the adaptive gripper. It was ensured that the mechanism could integrate effectively with the robotic arm and be precisely controlled through a PID controller. Furthermore, the availability of spare parts in the local market was considered essential to guarantee easy and cost-effective maintenance. Tests were conducted on an actual robotic arm, and the designed gripper was able to effectively grasp objects such as a soda can and a pencil. The results demonstrated that the adaptive gripper successfully achieved various types of grasping, offering a scalable and economical solution that represents a significant contribution to the field of robotic manipulation in industrial applications.
Selection and Engineering of Novel Brighter Bioluminescent Reporter Gene and Color- Tuning Luciferase for pH-Sensing in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Bevilaqua Vanessa R. , Pelentir Gabriel F. , Hausen Moema A. , Duek Eliana A. R. , Viviani Vadim R.
Published: January 2025

Firefly luciferases have been extensively used for bioanalytical applications, including their use as bioluminescent reporters, biosensors, and for bioimaging biological and pathological processes. Due to their intrinsic pH- sensitivity, in recent years we have demonstrated that firefly luciferases can also be harnessed as color- tuning sensors of intracellular pH. However, it is known that mammalian cells require temperatures higher than 36 °C, which red-shift the bioluminescence spectra of most firefly luciferases, decreasing their activities and the resolution of ratiometric pH analysis. Therefore, we prospected and engineered novel pH-sensitive firefly luciferases for mammalian cells. We humanized the luciferases of Amydetes vivianii (Amy-Luc) and Cratomorphus distinctus (Crt-Luc) fireflies, inserted them into the pCDNA3 vector, and compared their bioluminescence and pH-sensing properties with those of Macrolampis firefly luciferase (Mac-Luc) inside fibroblasts. The transfected COS-1 with Mac-Luc and Crt-Luc displayed lower bioluminescence activity and considerably red-shifted spectra (611 and 564 nm, respectively) at 37 °C, whereas Amy-Luc displayed the highest bioluminescence activity and spectral stability at 37 °C inside cells, displaying the most blue-shifted spectrum at such temperatures (548 nm) and the best spectral resolution at different pH values, making it possible to ratiometrically estimate the pH from 6.0 to 8.0. These results show that Amy-Luc is a novel brighter reporter gene and suitable pH- indicator for mammalian cells. Furthermore, whereas at pH 8.0 the spectrum was thermally stable, at pH 6.0 Amy-Luc showed higher temperature sensitivity, raising the possibility of using this luciferase as an intracellular temperature sensor. Thus, the improved bioluminescence properties as compared to existing luciferases could offer advantages for in vivo imaging and pH- sensing for the study of mammalian cellular physiology.
Advancing Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Research: Insights from Transgenic Animal Models and Innovative Therapies
Authors: Huang Xinyuejia , Xiao Linglong , Wang Mengqi , Wu Yang , Deng Hao , Wang Wei
Published: January 2025

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent, chronic, and severe neuropsychiatric disorder that leads to illness-related disability. Despite the availability of several treatments, many OCD patients respond inadequately, because the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear, necessitating the establishment of many animal models, particularly mouse models, to elucidate disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies better. Although the development of animal models is ongoing, there remain many comprehensive summaries and updates in recent research, hampering efforts to develop novel treatments and enhance existing interventions. This review summarizes the phenotypes of several commonly used models and mechanistic insights from transgenic models of OCD, such as knockout mouse models. In addition, we present the advantages and limitations of these models and discuss their future in helping further understand the pathophysiology and advanced treatment. Here, we highlight current frontline treatment approaches for OCD, including neuromodulation and surgical interventions, and propose potential future directions. By studying gene mutations and observing phenotypes from available OCD animal models, researchers have classified the molecular signatures of each model reminiscent of changes in brain areas and neural pathways, with the hope of guiding the future selection of the most appropriate models for specific research in the OCD field.
Non-Rigid Cycle Consistent Bidirectional Network with Transformer for Unsupervised Deformable Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Registration
Authors: Wang Yingying , Feng Yu , Zeng Weiming
Published: January 2025

Background: In neuroscience research about functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), accurate inter-subject image registration is the basis for effective statistical analysis. Traditional fMRI registration methods are usually based on high-resolution structural MRI with clear anatomical structure features. However, this registration method based on structural information cannot achieve accurate functional consistency between subjects since the functional regions do not necessarily correspond to anatomical structures. In recent years, fMRI registration methods based on functional information have emerged, which usually ignore the importance of structural MRI information. Methods: In this study, we proposed a non-rigid cycle consistent bidirectional network with Transformer for unsupervised deformable functional MRI registration. The work achieves fMRI registration through structural MRI registration, and functional information is introduced to improve registration performance. Specifically, we employ a bidirectional registration network that implements forward and reverse registration between image pairs and apply Transformer in the registration network to establish remote spatial mapping between image voxels. Functional and structural information are integrated by introducing the local functional connectivity pattern, the local functional connectivity features of the whole brain are extracted as functional information. The proposed registration method was experimented on real fMRI datasets, and qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the quality of the registration method were implemented on the test dataset using relevant evaluation metrics. We implemented group ICA analysis in brain functional networks after registration. Functional consistency was evaluated on the resulting t-maps. Results: Compared with non-learning-based methods (Affine, Syn) and learning-based methods (Transmorph-tiny, Cyclemorph, VoxelMorph x2), our method improves the peak t-value of t-maps on DMN, VN, CEN, and SMN to 18.7, 16.5, 16.6, and 17.3 and the mean number of suprathreshold voxels (p < 0.05, t > 5.01) on the four networks to 2596.25, and there is an average improvement in peak t-value of 23.79%, 12.74%, 12.27%, 7.32%, and 5.43%. Conclusions: The experimental results show that the registration method of this study improves the structural and functional consistency between fMRI with superior registration performance.
The Particularities of Employees’ Green Ethical Behavior in the Oil and Gas Sector
Authors: Burlea-Schiopoiu Adriana , Timpa Camelia Olivia
Published: January 2025

The article aims to evaluate the particularities of the green, ethical behavior of employees from the oil and gas sector in light of climate change and sustainable development. We employed a quantitative research approach and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS4 software (version 4.1.0.9) to test our conceptual model. The results demonstrate that employees’ green, ethical behavior influences how the rules of conduct contribute to an organization’s sustainable development, and employees’ green, ethical behavior is influenced by the ethical values assumed by an organization through its code of ethics and integrity. Moreover, employees’ green, ethical behavior and ethical values mediate the relationships between other factors, such as, for example, employees’ knowledge of the particularities of a company’s ethical values, their degree of compliance with the rules of conduct within the organization, and how their compliance with the rules of conduct is reflected in the organization’s sustainable development. The reflection of ethical issues in an organization’s sustainable development depends on a systemic approach to the formal and informal behavior of managers and employees. The theoretical implications of our research represent a starting point for extending our knowledge of employees’ green ethical behavior in terms of their acceptance and application of rules and ethical principles in close connection with the sustainable development of an organization. This study’s practical implications consist of awareness of the role that managers play in developing certain internal instruments (i.e., codes of ethics and integrity) to be understood and accepted by employees, with power of their personal example in motivating employees to improve their green ethical behavior. In conclusion, the manifestation of green, ethical behavior in employees does not automatically lead to sustainable development if it is not based on a set of ethical values and rules of conduct clearly understood and accepted by these employees.
Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study on the Mechanical Properties of Integrated Sleeve Mortise and Tenon Steel–Wood Composite Joints
Authors: Wang Zhanguang , Yang Weihan , Gao Zhenyu , Shao Jianhua , Li Dongmei
Published: January 2025

In view of the application status and technical challenges of steel–wood composite joints in architecture, this paper proposes an innovative connection technology to solve issues such as susceptibility to pry-out at beam–column joints and low load-bearing capacity and to provide various reinforcement methods in order to meet the different structural requirements and economic benefits. By designing and manufacturing four groups of beam–column joint specimens with different reinforcement methods, including no reinforcement, structural adhesive and angle steel reinforcement, 4 mm thick steel sleeve reinforcement, and 6 mm thick steel sleeve reinforcement, monotonic loading tests and finite element simulations were carried out, respectively. This research found that unreinforced specimens and structural adhesive angle steel-reinforced joints exhibited obvious mortise and tenon compression deformation and, moreover, tenon pulling phenomena at load values of approximately 2 kN and 2.6 kN, respectively. However, the joint reinforced by a steel sleeve showed a significant improvement in the tenon pulling phenomenon and demonstrated excellent initial stiffness characteristics. The failure mode of the steel sleeve-reinforced joints is primarily characterized by the propagation of cracks at the edges of the steel plate and the tearing of the wood, but the overall structure remains intact. The initial rotational stiffness of the joints reinforced with angle steel and self-tapping screws, the joints reinforced with 4 mm thick steel sleeves, and the joints reinforced with 6 mm thick steel sleeves are 3.96, 6.99, and 13.62 times that of the pure wooden joints, while the ultimate bending moments are 1.97, 7.11, and 7.39 times, respectively. Using finite element software to simulate four groups of joints to observe their stress changes, the areas with high stress in the joints without sleeve reinforcement are mainly located at the upper and lower ends of the tenon, where the compressive stress at the upper edge of the tenon and the tensile stress at the lower flange are both distributed along the grain direction of the beam. The stress on the column sleeve of the joints reinforced with steel sleeves and bolts is relatively low, while the areas with high strain in the beam sleeve are mainly concentrated on the side with the welded stiffeners and its surroundings; the strain around the bolt holes is also quite noticeable.
The Effect of Recycled Crushed Brick Aggregate on the Physical–Mechanical Properties of Earth Blocks
Authors: Casapino-Espinoza Carlos Alberto , Gómez-Soberón José Manuel , Gómez-Soberón María Consolación
Published: January 2025

The use of different components, such as alternative aggregates, represents an innovation in construction. According to various studies, these components improve certain properties of the elements that incorporate them. Specifically, recycled construction aggregates (RCAs)—such as crushed ceramic bricks (CCBs)—offer several benefits, including reducing landfill waste, enhancing the mechanical properties of the elements that integrate them, and ensuring availability. This research focuses on utilizing these waste materials and determining their feasibility and compatibility (in the short term) for manufacturing traditional earth blocks (EBs). This is achieved by studying the physical and mechanical properties of CCBs in matrices for EB construction, adhering to performance standards, emphasizing the advantages these aggregates provide for mechanical properties in sustainable construction and applying them in the context of traditional construction. Correlations were established through a statistical study of experimental data, graphically indicating the relationship between the different properties of CCBs, the mix design process, and the structural behavior of the resulting EB. Based on the key variable of the CCB replacement percentage, properties such as the elastic module by ultrasound, porosity, and expansion by hygroscopicity were analyzed, alongside mechanical properties like compressive and flexural strength. The results show that EBs with CCBs increases porosity by up to 21.59%. These blocks exhibit dimensional shrinkage of up to 14.5%, correlating with the increase in the CCB content. This aggregate replacement leads to a reduction in compressive strength (up to −23%) and flexural strength (up to −17.43%); however, all CCB content levels studied met the requirements of the applied standards. It is concluded that CCBs satisfactorily modifies the properties of the EBs and is suitable for use in construction.
Integrated Analysis of Single-Cell and Bulk RNA Data Reveals Complexity and Significance of the Melanoma Interactome
Authors: Diaz Michael J. , Tran Jasmine T. , Samia Arthur M. , Forouzandeh Mahtab , Grant-Kels Jane M. , Montanez-Wiscovich Marjorie E.
Published: January 2025

Background: Despite significant strides in anti-melanoma therapies, resistance and recurrence remain major challenges. A deeper understanding of the underlying biology of these challenges is necessary for developing more effective treatment paradigms. Methods: Melanoma single-cell data were retrieved from the Broad Single Cell Portal (SCP11). High-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA), CellChat, and ligand-receptor relative crosstalk (RC) scoring were employed to evaluate intercellular and intracellular signaling. The prognostic value of key regulatory genes was assessed via Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis using the ‘SKCM-TCGA’ dataset. Results: Twenty-seven (27) gene co-expression modules were identified via hdWGCNA. Notable findings include NRAS Q61L melanomas being enriched for modules involving C19orf10 and ARF4, while BRAF V600E melanomas were enriched for modules involving ALAS1 and MYO1B. Additionally, CellChat analysis highlighted several dominant signaling pathways, namely MHC-II, CD99, and Collagen-receptor signaling, with numerous significant ligand-receptor interactions from melanocytes, including CD99-CD99 communications with cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, NK cells, and T-cells. KM analysis revealed that higher expression of SELL, BTLA, IL2RG, PDGFA, CLDN11, ITGB3, and SPN improved overall survival, while higher FGF5 expression correlated with worse survival. Protein-protein interaction network analysis further indicated significant interconnectivity among the identified prognostic genes. Conclusions: Overall, these insights underscore critical immune interactions and potential therapeutic targets to combat melanoma resistance, paving the way for more personalized and effective treatment strategies.
Long-Term Outcomes and Quality of Life of High-Risk Neuroblastoma Patients Treated with a Multimodal Treatment Including Anti-GD2 Immunotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Flaadt Tim , Rehm Jonas , Simon Thorsten , Hero Barbara , Ladenstein Ruth L. , Lode Holger N. , Grabow Desiree , Nolte Sandra , Crazzolara Roman , Greil Johann , Ebinger Martin , Abele Michael , Holzer Ursula , Döring Michaela , Schulte Johannes H. , Bader Peter , Schlegel Paul-Gerhardt , Eyrich Matthias , Lang Peter , Klingebiel Thomas , Handgretinger Rupert
Published: January 2025

Background: The incorporation of anti-GD2 antibodies such as ch14.18/SP2/0 into the multimodal treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) patients has improved their outcomes. As studies assessing the long-term outcomes, long-term sequelae, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of this treatment are limited, this retrospective analysis aimed to explore these. Patients and Methods: Between 1991 and 2002, 65 children received a multimodal treatment, including ch14.18/SP2/0, for primary HR-NB. All received chemotherapy according to the NB90/NB97 trial, 51 received high-dose chemotherapy, and all received ch14.18/SP2/0 treatment. We analyzed the long-term sequelae and HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30), and evaluated overall and event-free survival (OS/EFS). Results: Twenty-five survivors were evaluated for HRQoL and long-term effects. All reported long-term sequelae, including ototoxicity in 16/25 (64%), cardiac toxicity in 6/25 (24%), and endocrine toxicity in 19/25 (76%) patients. Chronic diarrhea was reported in 20% of female patients. Seven patients developed autoimmune diseases. HRQoL scores were better across multiple scales than those of the matched German general population. Twenty-five-year OS and EFS were 50.8% (95% confidence interval: 31–55) and 43% (30.1–55.3), with 33 (50.8%) long-term survivors. Thirty-two patients died: 28 (43.1%) because of progression/relapse and 4 (6.2%) because of secondary neoplasms. Conclusions: Multimodal treatment, including ch14.18/SP2/0, can achieve long-term survival in HR-NB patients, with a substantial proportion of survivors reporting better HRQoL compared to the general population. All patients reported long-term side effects mostly attributable to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The relatively high prevalence of autoimmune diseases and persistent diarrhea warrants additional longitudinal research on individuals treated with anti-GD2 antibodies.
Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for the Rapid Removal of RhB
Authors: Yin Jinyue , Ren Yuting , Sun Xuejiao , Gao Yu , Tian Zhongzhen , Li Dongmei
Published: January 2025

Two thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole(TzTz)-based donor(D)-acceptor(A) COFs (TPTZ-COF and TBTZ-COF) are synthesized for the photocatalytic degradation of RhB in water. The D-A structure COFs with the weak deficient electron TzTz as an acceptor promotes the separation of photo-generated charge carriers. The rigid structure of TzTz can enhance the π–π and dipole–dipole interactions, which improve the mobility of charge carriers and result in the enhancement of the photocatalytic performance of COFs. Optical and electrical tests show that TBTZ-COF has more efficient electron–hole separation and transfer performance and degrades 99.76% of RhB (10 mg/L) in 60 min under visible light irradiation, while the hydroxyl groups on the TPTZ-COF surface enable the formation of a large number of hydrogen bonds with RhB, so TPTZ-COF exhibits excellent adsorption ability for RhB. Furthermore, TBTZ-COF maintains high photocatalytic activity after five consecutive cycles, making it a promising photocatalyst for the rapid removal of RhB.
Metal Foam as Surface-Extended Catalyst Support Structure for Process Intensification in the Dehydrogenation of Perhydro-Dibenzyltoluene on a Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Musavuli Kyatsinge Cedric , Modisha Phillimon , Everson Raymond Cecil , Malakhov Alexander , Bessarabov Dmitri
Published: January 2025

Dibenzyltoluene/perhydro-dibenzyltoluene (H0DBT/H18DBT) is considered a promising liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) pair for the storage and transportation of green hydrogen (H2). However, at the point of use, the catalytic dehydrogenation of H18DBT is still limited by mass transport limitations. To address this issue, the dehydrogenation of H18DBT was successfully conducted on Pt/Al2O3-coated foams in both an unstirred tank reactor and a fixed-bed reactor (FBR). A performance comparison between coated foams and pellets in the tank reactor revealed that H2 productivities were 12–59% higher in the foam-based reactor than in the pellet-based reactor. Since the textural properties of the foam-supported and pellet-based catalysts were similar, the higher degree of dehydrogenation (DoD) and H2 productivity achieved by the former were attributed to the geometric properties of the foam structure. Long-term tests performed in the FBR demonstrated the ability of the coated foams to maintain steady activity for >16 h on stream. However, the single-pass DoDs achieved were 34–38%. By recycling the partially dehydrogenated products three times into the FBR, the DoD improved to 63%. The results of this study demonstrated the capabilities of the coated foams in the process intensification of LOHC dehydrogenation reactors.
Photocatalytic Oxidation of Pesticides with TiO2-CeO2 Thin Films Using Sunlight
Authors: Pérez Tania Arelly Tinoco , Gerónimo Evaristo Salaya , Torres José Gilberto Torres , del Angel Montes Gloria Alicia , Vázquez Israel Rangel , García Adrian Cordero , Uribe Adrian Cervantes , Pavon Adib Abiu Silahua , Pérez Juan Carlos Arevalo
Published: January 2025

TiO2 thin film coatings significantly improve catalyst separation in photocatalytic processes. They can be applied in heterogeneous photocatalysis under sunlight by mixing TiO2 with other oxides, such as CeO2, for the removal of pollutants in water. Here, TiO2-CeO2 thin films deposited on borosilicate slides were analyzed and applied in solar heterogeneous photocatalysis for the oxidation of pesticides. The films were synthesized by the sol-gel method with spin coating. The waste solutions from the synthesis were used to prepare TiO2 and TiO2-CeO2 powders. These were analyzed by XRD and XPS to explain the behavior of the films. The thin films were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy with transmittance, UV-Vis spectroscopy with RDS, profilometry, AFM and SEM. The addition of CeO2 to TiO2 caused a decrease in the average crystal size and an increase in the strain index. The addition of a second layer made the TiO2-CeO2 thin films thinner. The CeO2 created surface and electronic defects in the titania films, which enhanced their photocatalytic properties under sunlight in the mineralization of diuron and methyl parathion. The TiO2-CeO2-5.0% single-layer thin film samples were the most active in this study and will undoubtedly be applied in larger-scale reaction systems.
Optimizing Chloride and Calcium Ion Extraction from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash from Zhoushan, China: Effects of Leaching Conditions and Industrial Applications
Authors: Zhang Kaicheng , Xue Yecheng , Liu Dongyan , Zhao Jianfu , Sibhat Marta , Tong Yang
Published: January 2025

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash, containing substantial amounts of calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), and other valuable elements, offers promising potential as a raw material for carbon capture, utilization (CCU), and alkali production. Despite numerous approaches being explored to enhance calcium ion leaching from fly ash, the combined effects of salt and leaching conditions on ion extraction have not been thoroughly investigated. This study provides a comprehensive examination of various leaching conditions, including primary leaching—optimal for efficiency—secondary leaching, which achieved the highest leaching rate, and reverse secondary leaching, focusing on their impact on calcium extraction efficiency. Considering optimal leaching efficiency and resource utilization, this study identifies the most favorable industrial conditions as a 15 min leaching time, a stirring speed of 200 rpm, a temperature of 25 °C, and a 1:10 liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S ratio). The application of a 6% NaCl solution in salt-assisted leaching elevated the calcium ion concentration from 4101.5 mg/L to 4662.6 mg/L, indicating a substantial improvement in leaching performance. Additionally, in carbonate-assisted and ultrasound-assisted leaching, the introduction of CO2 further increased calcium extraction amounts, but it did not enhance efficiency, while ultrasonic intervention had minimal impact. This research investigates enhanced efficiencies through multiple optimized and assisted leaching conditions, advancing MSWI fly ash utilization in carbon capture applications while paving new pathways for sustainable industrial practices that could revolutionize waste management and support global environmental objectives.
A Case of Hypophosphatasia Started Enzyme Replacement Therapy Since Babyhood Stage
Authors: Akitomo Tatsuya , Niizato Noriko , Kaneki Ami , Ogawa Masashi , Nishimura Taku , Kametani Mariko , Usuda Momoko , Iwamoto Yuko , Mitsuhata Chieko , Nomura Ryota
Published: January 2025

Background: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited disease caused by low activity of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. Dental characteristics include premature loss of primary teeth, enlarged pulp chambers, and enamel hypoplasia. Although enzyme replacement therapy with asfotase alfa was approved in 2015, there are few reports about the dental outcomes of this treatment. Case presentation: A 1-year-old girl referred to our hospital had already lost two primary teeth at the time of her initial visit. She started enzyme replacement therapy 6 days after birth, and genetic analysis later confirmed the diagnosis of HPP. At the age of 4 years and 7 months, 11 primary teeth had been lost, and some of the exfoliated teeth showed inflammatory root resorption or root fracture. There was also a history of abscess formation in a non-carious primary molar. Conclusions: This report suggests that early enzyme replacement therapy may prevent traditional tooth loss in patients with HPP. It also highlights the new challenges posed for dental professionals in providing infection control in large pulp cavities and receding periodontal tissue.
Identification of Potential Selective PAK4 Inhibitors Through Shape and Protein Conformation Ensemble Screening and Electrostatic-Surface-Matching Optimization
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxuan , Zhang Meile , Li Yihao , Deng Ping
Published: January 2025

P21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) plays a crucial role in the proliferation and metastasis of various cancers. However, developing selective PAK4 inhibitors remains challenging due to the high homology within the PAK family. Therefore, developing highly selective PAK4 inhibitors is critical to overcoming the limitations of existing inhibitors. We analyzed the structural differences in the binding pockets of PAK1 and PAK4 by combining cross-docking and molecular dynamics simulations to identify key binding regions and unique structural features of PAK4. We then performed screening using shape and protein conformation ensembles, followed by a re-evaluation of the docking results with deep-learning-driven GNINA to identify the candidate molecule, STOCK7S-56165. Based on this, we applied a fragment-replacement strategy under electrostatic-surface-matching conditions to obtain Compd 26. This optimization significantly improved electrostatic interactions and reduced binding energy, highlighting its potential for selectivity. Our findings provide a novel approach for developing selective PAK4 inhibitors and lay the theoretical foundation for future anticancer drug design.
Phytochemicals in Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Wali Adil Farooq , Pillai Jayachithra Ramakrishna , Talath Sirajunisa , Shivappa Pooja , Sridhar Sathvik Belagodu , El-Tanani Mohamed , Rangraze Imran Rashid , Mohamed Omnia Ibrahim , Al Ani Nowar Nizar
Published: January 2025

Extensive investigation has been conducted on plant-based resources for their pharmacological usefulness, including various cancer types. The scope of this review is wider than several studies with a particular focus on breast cancer, which is an international health concern while studying sources of flavonoids, carotenoids, polyphenols, saponins, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and glycosides apart from focusing on nursing. Important findings from prior studies are synthesized to explore these compounds’ sources, mechanisms of action, complementary and synergistic effects, and associated side effects. It was reviewed that the exposure to certain doses of catechins, piperlongumine, lycopene, isoflavones and cucurbitacinfor a sufficient period can provide profound anticancer benefits through biological events such as cell cycle arrest, cells undergoing apoptosis and disruption of signaling pathways including, but not limited to JAK-STAT3, HER2-integrin, and MAPK. Besides, the study also covers the potential adverse effects of these phytochemicals. Regarding mechanisms, the widest attention is paid to Complementary and synergistic strategies are discussed which indicate that it would be realistic to alter the dosage and delivery systems of liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and films to enhance efficacy. Future research directions include refining these delivery approaches, further elucidating molecular mechanisms, and conducting clinical trials to validate findings. These efforts could significantly advance the role of phytocompounds in breast cancer management.
Emergency Airway Management: A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Cognitive Aids in Improving Outcomes and Provider Performance
Authors: Chowdhury Raisa , Orishchak Ostap , Mascarella Marco A. , Aldriweesh Bshair , Alnoury Mohammed K. , Bousquet-Dion Guillaume , Yeung Jeffrey , Nguyen Lily Ha-Nam P.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Emergency airway management is a critical skill for healthcare professionals, particularly in life-threatening situations like “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate” (CICO) scenarios. Errors and delays in airway management can lead to adverse outcomes, including hypoxia and death. Cognitive aids, such as checklists and algorithms, have been proposed as tools to improve decision-making, procedural competency, and non-technical skills in these high-stakes environments. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive aids in enhancing emergency airway management skills among health professionals and trainees. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted from February to March 2024. Studies examining the use of cognitive aids, such as the Vortex method, the ASA difficult airway algorithm, and visual airway aids, in emergency airway scenarios were included. Outcomes assessed included decision-making speed, procedural success rates, and non-technical skills. Data were extracted using standardized protocols, and the quality of included studies was appraised. Results: Five studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing randomized controlled trials, controlled studies, and mixed-methods research. Cognitive aids improved decision-making times (reduced by 44.6 s), increased procedural success rates, and enhanced non-technical skills such as teamwork and crisis management. Participants reported reduced anxiety and improved confidence levels (self-efficacy scores increased by 1.9 points). The Vortex method and visual cognitive aids demonstrated particular effectiveness in simulated scenarios. Conclusions: Cognitive aids significantly enhance emergency airway management skills, improving performance, reducing errors, and increasing provider confidence. Integrating cognitive aids into training programs has the potential to improve patient safety and outcomes. Further research is needed to validate these findings in clinical settings and optimize cognitive aid design and implementation.