bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Talent Management on the Performance of Employees at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital (BDTH), Kaduna
Authors: Lawal Hafiz , Chidinma Okafor Jane , Chukwuemeka Okoye Augustine , Anyanwu Esther Chifurumnanya , Chinonso Anyanwu Ammielshaddai , Dennis Okwubanego Chiemelie , Ugochi Chike Comfort , Oyinkansola Animashaun Barakat
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The study's goal is to determine how talent management affects workers' productivity at Kaduna's Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital (BDTH). The study specifically looks at the impact of hiring talent, researches the impact of training and development, analyzes the impact of career growth, and investigates the impact of the performance management system. Despite the money poured into them, some organizations continue to perform poorly. The reality is most corporations just lack the qualified personnel needed to realize their desired goal. Poor hiring practices, the difficulty to recruit and retain suitable employees, and the absence of performance management tools have all harmed personnel management in various ways. 757 employees of the Kaduna Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital make up the study's population. 262 employees make up the study's sample.

Methodology: The study used a descriptive research design. The instrument for gathering data was a questionnaire. To analyze the data for the study, SPSS version 20 was used. The study's key findings showed that performance management (61%), training and development (62%), talent acquisition (71%), and employee performance all had positive and substantial relationships with each other.

Findings: The study did, however, find a tenuous link between career progression (11%) and worker performance. According to the report, organizations should integrate talent management systems into all facets of human resource management and connect their talent management systems with their business needs. The study suggested conducting additional research to learn more about the topic. As a result, the statistics and effects for generalization will have greater reliability.

Conclusion: A majority of the respondents said that improved employee performance resulted from identifying and training candidates to replace important people who leave a firm. The majority of respondents thought that having clearly defined succession plans that allow staff members to take on leadership responsibilities improved employee performance at BDTH. To improve employees' performance, systematic training is necessary. An appropriate work environment that fosters creativity in employees, according to the majority of respondents, is crucial for improving employees' performance.
Graduate Medical Education, 2021-2022
Authors: Brotherton Sarah E. , Etzel Sylvia I.
Published: September 2022

This Appendix presents 2021 National GME Census data detailing the numbers and types of ACGME-accredited training programs and the residents and fellows in them.
LRRK2 phosphorylation of Rab GTPases in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pfeffer Suzanne R.
Published: September 2022

Rab GTPases comprise a large family of conserved GTPases that are critical regulators of the secretory and endocytic pathways. The human genome encodes ~ 65 Rabs that localize to discrete membrane compartments and, when in their GTP‐bound state, bind to effector proteins to carry out diverse functions. Activating mutations in LRRK2 kinase cause Parkinson's disease, and subsets of Rab GTPases are important LRRK2 substrates. LRRK2 phosphorylates a conserved threonine residue that is essential for Rab interaction with guanine nucleotide exchange factors, effectors, and GDI that recycles Rabs between membrane compartments. This brief review will highlight new findings related to LRRK2‐mediated phosphorylation of Rab GTPases and its consequences. Remarkably, Rab phosphorylation flips a switch on Rab effector selection with dominant consequences for cell pathophysiology.
Overexpression of UCP3 decreases mitochondrial efficiency in mouse skeletal muscle in vivo
Authors: Codella Roberto , Alves Tiago C. , Befroy Douglas E. , Choi Cheol Soo , Luzi Livio , Rothman Douglas L. , Kibbey Richard G. , Shulman Gerald I.
Published: September 2022

Uncoupling protein‐3 (UCP3) is a mitochondrial transmembrane protein highly expressed in the muscle that has been implicated in regulating the efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Increasing UCP3 expression in skeletal muscle enhances proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane and increases oxygen consumption in isolated mitochondria, but its precise function in vivo has yet to be fully elucidated. To examine whether muscle‐specific overexpression of UCP3 modulates muscle mitochondrial oxidation in vivo, rates of ATP synthesis were assessed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and rates of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism were measured by assessing the rate of [2‐13C]acetate incorporation into muscle [4‐13C]‐, [3‐13C]‐glutamate, and [4‐13C]‐glutamine by high‐resolution 13C/1H MRS. Using this approach, we found that the overexpression of UCP3 in skeletal muscle was accompanied by increased muscle mitochondrial inefficiency in vivo as reflected by a 42% reduction in the ratio of ATP synthesis to mitochondrial oxidation.
Refractory‐Metal‐Based Chalcogenides for Energy
Authors: Özel Faruk , Arkan Emre , Coskun Halime , Deveci İlyas , Yıldırım Murat , Yıldırım Mehmet , Orak İkram , Erdal Mehmet Okan , Sarılmaz Adem , Ersöz Tugrul Talha , Koçyiğit Adem , Karabulut Abdulkerim , Özen Abdurrahman , Aljabour Abdalaziz , Kus Mahmut , Ersöz Mustafa
Published: September 2022

When it is asked, “where can refractory metals be used?,” the possible shortest answer is, “where cannot they be used?” The uses of refractory‐metal‐based compounds in research and industry are too many to be enumerated; nevertheless, some outstanding examples are briefly mentioned here. Essentially, chalcogenide forms of refractory metals are preferred in the fabrication of high‐performance structures. Therefore, expanding the current studies that usually focus on tungsten‐ and molybdenum‐based structures to other materials may open new opportunities. Moreover, research on ternary and quaternary structures can also be a keystone in creating high‐performance products. The rationale of the present review is to give a brief overview of the recent history of refractory‐metal‐based chalcogenides (RMCs). Initially, the framework is confined to the general design and approaches for the synthesis of refractory metal chalcogenides. The assay is continued by extending with characteristic features of materials from crystalline properties to thermoelectric attributes and examining device fabrication processes. Taken together, the device fabrication part where RMCs are mainly used is extensively focused upon. Finally, outlook and future perspectives are given on the design and construction of RMCs to enable future inspiration and innovation.
Revealing the Impact of Cl Substitution on the Crystallization Behavior and Interfacial Stability of Superionic Lithium Argyrodites
Authors: Liu Yu , Su Han , Zhong Yu , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Gu Changdong , Tu Jiangping
Published: September 2022

All‐solid‐state batteries are believed to be the next‐generation energy storage device that can meet the ever‐growing market demand for high energy density and safety. The ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of the solid electrolyte are two crucial properties that can affect battery performance. Herein, with an optimized crystallization process, the Cl‐rich argyrodite possesses high ionic conductivity, good dendrite inhibition capability, as well as enhanced interfacial stability against decomposition. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation and radial distribution function analysis are utilized to probe into the interfacial phenomenon between argyrodite electrolyte and lithium metal. LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2‐based all‐solid‐state battery using the Cl‐rich argyrodite electrolyte also delivers more stable cyclic performance. This study shows the multiple enhancements of argyrodite electrolyte brought by Cl doping, which provides important guidance in selecting electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries.
Flexible Accelerated‐Wound‐Healing Antibacterial MXene‐Based Epidermic Sensor for Intelligent Wearable Human‐Machine Interaction
Authors: Li Mingkun , Zhang Yunfei , Lian Lishuyi , Liu Kuo , Lu Ming , Chen Youbai , Zhang Liqun , Zhang Xingcai , Wan Pengbo
Published: September 2022

Flexible epidermic sensors made from conductive hydrogels are holding bright potential in personalized healthcare, multifunctional electronic skins, and human‐machine interfaces. However, it is still a great challenge to simultaneously realize conductive hydrogel‐based epidermic sensors with reliable self‐healing ability and remarkable sensing performances in high‐performance healthcare (especially electrophysiological signals) sensing for wearable human‐machine interaction, as well as accelerated wound healing for subsequent medical treatment together. Herein, a flexible healable high‐performance epidermic sensor is assembled from the facilely prepared antibacterial MXene hydrogel with efficiently accelerated wound healing for sensitively wearable human‐machine interaction. The as‐prepared hydrogel possesses enhanced mechanical performance, outstanding healable capability, reliable injectability, facile degradability, excellent biocompatibility, and robust antibacterial ability, which is capable of being assembled into a multifunctional epidermic sensor to sensitively monitor human movements for rehabilitation training, to detect tiny electrophysiological signals for the diagnosis of cardiovascular‐ and muscle‐related diseases, and to be employed for wearable human‐machine interaction. In addition, the hydrogel can be utilized to treat wound infection and can effectively accelerate wound healing. Thus, it sheds light on preparing flexible healable epidermic sensors with multifunctional integration of personal health diagnosis and smart medical treatment for wearable human‐machine interaction and next‐generation artificial skins.
Bioinspired Chromotropic Ionic Skin with In‐Plane Strain/Temperature/Pressure Multimodal Sensing and Ultrahigh Stimuli Discriminability
Authors: Zhang Heng , Chen Haomin , Lee Jeng‐Hun , Kim Eunyoung , Chan Kit‐Ying , Venkatesan Harun , Adegun Miracle Hope , Agbabiaka Okikiola Ganiu , Shen Xi , Zheng Qingbin , Yang Jinglei , Kim Jang‐Kyo
Published: September 2022

Electronic skins (e‐skins) mimic multimodal sensing capabilities of various tactile receptors in natural skin. Herein, a stretchable chromotropic ionic skin is rationally designed to simultaneously detect and decouple multiple stimuli, including in‐plane strain, temperature, and pressure. The mutually discriminating trimodal ionic skin consists of mechanochromic, thermoresistive and triboelectric layers that individually function as strain, temperature and pressure sensors, respectively. These three distinct capabilities are integrated into the ionic skin which demonstrates highly sensitive responses to selective external stimuli while upholding high insensitivity to unwanted ones. The structural colors derived from mechanochromic photonic crystals of magnetic ferroferric oxide‐carbon nanoparticles respond to strains by color‐switching in the full visible spectrum, exhibiting appealing potential in interactive stress visualization. The temperature detection with an exceptional sensitivity of 20.44% per °C is enabled by the thermoresistive effect of ionic hydrogel, while oriented polymer chains embedded in the hydrogel decouple temperature from extraneous stimuli. The multilayer structure consisting of an ionic hydrogel film, a wrinkle‐patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film with gradient modulus design and a carbon nanotubes/PDMS electrode displays an extraordinary triboelectric effect with a strain‐ and temperature‐insensitive pressure sensing capability. The chromotropic ionic skin facilitates simultaneously accurate measurements, high discriminability and quantitative mapping of complex stimuli, offering new insights into emerging E‐skins.
Versatile Hole Selective Molecules Containing a Series of Heteroatoms as Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Efficient p‐i‐n Perovskite and Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ullah Asmat , Park Keun Hyeong , Lee YoungWan , Park Sujung , Faheem Abdullah Bin , Nguyen Hieu Dinh , Siddique Yasir , Lee Kyung‐Koo , Jo Yimhyun , Han Chi‐Hwan , Ahn SeJin , Jeong Inyoung , Cho Shinuk , Kim BongSoo , Park Young S. , Hong Sungjun
Published: September 2022

Inverted type perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently emerged as a major focus in academic and industrial photovoltaic research. Their multiple advantages over conventional PSCs include easy processing, hysteresis‐free behavior, high stability, and compatibility for tandem applications. However, the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted PSCs still lags behind those of conventional PSCs because suitable charge‐selective materials for inverted PSCs are limited. In this study, excellent hole‐selective materials for inverted PSCs are introduced. A series of tricyclic aromatic rings containing O, S, or Se, respectively, as a core heteroatom, along with a phosphonic acid anchor, form a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) that directly contacts the perovskite absorber. The influence of heteroatoms in the aromatic structure on the molecular energetics and operating characteristics of the corresponding inverted PSCs is investigated using complementary experimental techniques as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that all of the SAMs formed an energetically well‐aligned interface with the perovskite absorber. The interaction energy between the Se‐containing SAM and perovskite absorber is the strongest among the series and it reduces the interfacial defect density, in turn leading to an extended charge carrier lifetime. As a result, PSCs incorporating the Se‐containing SAM achieves a PCE of 22.73% and retains ≈96% of their initial efficiency after a maximum power point tracking test of 500 h without encapsulation under ambient conditions. All of the SAMs are then employed in organic solar cells (OSCs). Again, the Se‐containing SAM‐based OSCs demonstrates the highest PCE of 17.9% among the three molecular SAM‐based OSCs. This study demonstrates the great potential for precisely engineered SAMs for use in high‐performance solar cells.
Polarization Topology at the Nominally Charged Domain Walls in Uniaxial Ferroelectrics
Authors: Tikhonov Yurii , Maguire Jesi R. , McCluskey Conor J. , McConville James P. V. , Kumar Amit , Lu Haidong , Meier Dennis , Razumnaya Anna , Gregg John Martin , Gruverman Alexei , Vinokur Valerii M. , Luk'yanchuk Igor
Published: September 2022

Ferroelectric domain walls provide a fertile environment for novel materials physics. If a polarization discontinuity arises, it can drive a redistribution of electronic carriers and changes in band structure, which often result in emergent 2D conductivity. If such a discontinuity is not tolerated, then its amelioration usually involves the formation of complex topological patterns, such as flux‐closure domains, dipolar vortices, skyrmions, merons, or Hopfions. The degrees of freedom required for the development of such patterns, in which dipolar rotation is a hallmark, are readily found in multiaxial ferroelectrics. In uniaxial ferroelectrics, where only two opposite polar orientations are possible, it has been assumed that discontinuities are unavoidable when antiparallel components of polarization meet. This perception has been borne out by the appearance of charged conducting domain walls in systems such as hexagonal manganites and lithium niobate. Here, experimental and theoretical investigations on lead germanate (Pb5Ge3O11) reveal that polar discontinuities can be obviated at head‐to‐head and tail‐to‐tail domain walls by mutual domain bifurcation along two different axes, creating a characteristic saddle‐point domain wall morphology and associated novel dipolar topology, removing the need for screening charge accumulation and associated conductivity enhancement.
Small‐Scale Robotics with Tailored Wettability
Authors: Wang Ben , Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Shen Jie , Zhou Xuechang , Guo Zhiguang , Liu Weimin , Pumera Martin , Zhang Li
Published: September 2022

Small‐scale robots (SSRs) have emerged as promising and versatile tools in various biomedical, sensing, decontamination, and manipulation applications, as they are uniquely capable of performing tasks at small length scales. With the miniaturization of robots from the macroscale to millimeter‐, micrometer‐, and nanometer‐scales, the viscous and surface forces, namely adhesive forces and surface tension have become dominant. These forces significantly impact motion efficiency. Surface engineering of robots with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic functionalization presents a brand‐new pathway to overcome motion resistance and enhance the ability to target and regulate robots for various tasks. This review focuses on the current progress and future perspectives of SSRs with hydrophilic and hydrophobic modifications (including both tethered and untethered robots). The study emphasizes the distinct advantages of SSRs, such as improved maneuverability and reduced drag forces, and outlines their potential applications. With continued innovation, rational surface engineering is expected to endow SSRs with exceptional mobility and functionality, which can broaden their applications, enhance their penetration depth, reduce surface fouling, and inhibit bacterial adhesion.
Natural Product Zanthoxylum bungeanum Based Multi‐Functionalized Self‐Polishing Interface for Sustainable Marine Antifouling
Authors: Sun Li , Wang Wei‐Feng , Li Mouji , Zhang Jianbin , Chai Tian , Cao Wenhao , Yan Tao , Zhao Xiaoduo , Yang Wufang , Yu Bo , Huang Guowei , Yang Jun‐Li , Zhou Feng
Published: September 2022

Construction of an anti‐biofouling coating on the surface has been proven to be an effective way to guarantee long‐last anti‐biofouling performance. However, amounts of heavy metal ions will be released, causing irreversible damage to the marine environment. In this work, a series of active components are extracted and isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Z. bungeanum), and their anti‐biofouling characteristic and non‐toxic to organisms are demonstrated with anti‐barnacle larvae experiments and anti‐algae tests. Furthermore, a novel resin contained with triclosan is prepared, and different self‐polishing coatings are obtained by combining the pulverized materials of the Z. bungeanum fruit/seeds/leaves with the resin. The surface morphology, mechanical properties and anti‐biofouling performance of the coatings are shown that incorporating the triclosan into self‐polishing acrylic resin can improve broad‐spectrum anti‐biofouling properties, the algae adhesion densities (Amphora sp. and Porphyridium sp.) on the resin are almost to zero. According to the results of surface wettability, water resistance and anti‐biofouling properties tests, it can be concluded that the coating with pulverized Z. bungeanum seeds (CWS) has a hydrophobic surface, it can continuously release antifoulant under seawater, exhibiting excellent anti‐biofouling performances. This work therefore suggests Z. bungeanum can be used as a potential agent for developing environmentally friendly antifouling coatings.
Solvent‐Driven Biomimetic Soft Sensors and Actuators
Authors: Sun Quan , Ayela Cédric , Thuau Damien
Published: September 2022

The emergence of soft actuators that exhibit large, complex, programmable, and reversible shape deformation is of fundamental interest having potential applications in optics, medicals, and robotics fields. However, existing soft actuators are generally driven by only few given external stimuli such as temperature, humidity, or light which limit their interactions with their surroundings. Here, biomimetic soft actuators that respond to a variety of solvent vapors via programmable motion studied by Finite Element Modeling (FEM) are presented. A versatile micromachining process is used to fabricate these biomimetic soft actuators able to bend, curve, and twist in different manners according to their designs mimicking stamen, seed pots, and petals of Bauhinia variegate and Dendrobium orchids. The kinetic parameters of the transient response and recovery actuation are taken as the input feature in principal component analysis (PCA) to discriminate analyte molecules. Finally, to broaden the accessible 3D motions and thus functions of these smart actuators, an origami approach is employed to provide further flexibility and novel controlled structural changes in continuum structures such as snake‐like soft actuators, walkers, and grippers.
Characterization and Biomedical Application Opportunities of the Nanoparticle's Protein Corona
Authors: Li Lu , Jiang Xinchi , Gao Jianqing
Published: September 2022

Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in a variety of biomedical fields, such as drug delivery systems, novel theragnostic strategies, bioimaging, and biosensing. The protein corona formed by the contact between NPs and biological liquids changes the physicochemical nanoparticle characteristics, including size, shape, and surface statement. Moreover, it affects the biological fate of NPs in organisms, for instance, pharmacokinetic processes and therapeutical efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively identify and quantify the properties of the nanoparticle protein corona. This review focuses on screening the milestones and latest advances of the protein corona, the interaction between NPs and the protein corona, the detection and characterization of the protein corona, and the application of the protein corona in biomedicine. The application section mainly includes three aspects: 1) novel NPs targeting design based on protein corona; 2) personalized protein corona powered precision medicine by integrating multiple strategies, i.e., proteomics and computer science; and 3) opportunities for protein coronas in nanomedicine applications. Collectively, these summaries reveal the significance of the protein corona in nanomedicine and highlight the challenges of studying protein coronas based on nanoparticle properties.
Sodiophilic Current Collectors Based on MOF‐Derived Nanocomposites for Anode‐Less Na‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Huihua , Zhang Huang , Wu Fanglin , Zarrabeitia Maider , Geiger Dorin , Kaiser Ute , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano
Published: September 2022

“Anode‐less” sodium metal batteries (SMBs) with high energy may become the next‐generation batteries due to the abundant resources. However, their cycling performance is still insufficient for practical uses. Herein, a metal organic frameworks (MOF)‐derived copper‐carbon (Cu@C) composite is developed as a sodiophilic layer to improve the Coulombic efficiency (CE) and cycle life. The Cu particles can provide abundant nucleation sites to spatially guide Na deposition and the carbon framework offer void volume to avoid volume changes during the plating/stripping process. As a result, Cu@C‐coated copper and aluminum foils (denoted as Cu‐Cu@C and Al‐Cu@C foil) can be used as efficient current collectors for sodium plating/stripping, achieving, nearly 1600 and 240 h operation upon cycling at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2, respectively. In situ dilatometry measurements demonstrate that Cu@C promotes the formation of dense Na deposits, thereby inhibiting side reactions, dendrite growth, and accumulation of dead Na. Such current collectors are employed in Na metal cells using carbon‐coated Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP/C) and copper selenides (Cu2‐xSe@C) cathodes, achieving outstanding rate capability and improved cycling performance. Most noticeably, “anode‐less” Na batteries using Al‐Cu@C as anode and NVP/C as cathode demonstrate promising CE as high as 99.5%, and long‐term cycling life.
Trifunctional Rare‐Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts Prepared Entirely from Biomass
Authors: Ishibashi Kosuke , Grewal Manjit Singh , Ito Koju , Shoji Naoki , Matsuo Yasutaka , Yabu Hiroshi
Published: September 2022

As part of ongoing efforts to realize a low‐carbon and hydrogen‐based society, there is an increasing demand for high‐performance electrocatalysts, which are key materials for fuel cells and water electrolysis systems. Although platinum group metals exhibit high catalytic activity, increasing production costs due to resource constraints, limited countries of production, and geopolitical supply issues are threatening their use. Therefore, it is crucial to make substantial changes in resource utilization for the sustainable production of electrochemical catalysts. Herein, the preparation of trifunctional biomass‐derived electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions by the pyrolysis of cellulose nanofibers from ascidian tunicates, dried blood meal, and cyanocobalamin is reported. The combination of N, P, FeN4, and CoN4 structures incorporated in the carbon network leads to high electrochemical performance comparable with rare‐metal‐based electrocatalysts and other carbon alloy electrocatalysts. This work provides a possible strategy for fabricating high‐capacity energy storage devices from biomass resources such as industrial waste without the need for rare metals or other harmful heavy metals.
Rotor orientation direction controls geometric curvature and chirality for assemblies of motor amphiphiles in water
Authors: Yang Yun‐Han , Qin Yang , Zhang Yang , Zhang Ling
Published: September 2022

Control over geometric curvature and chirality of assemblies in pure aqueous media is key to the design of responsive materials and molecular machines. Here we show how aggregate geometric curvature and chirality of motor amphiphiles could be switched from bicontinuous calabashes to nanoribbons or from vesicles to nanoribbons by modulating rotor orientation direction with dual light/heat stimuli to influence spontaneous curvature in assemblies. The photoisomerization and thermal helix inversion processes of molecular motors have been studied at the molecular level, and the transformation of supramolecular assemblies has been investigated at the microscopic level. The morphological evolution of the calabash‐shaped assembly can be kinetically captured, suggesting that the bicontinuous calabash‐shaped structures are different from the bowl‐shaped aggregates based on solvent‐driven assembly upon the addition of non‐solvent or solvent. The investigation of dual optical/thermal control of rotor orientation can provide a new strategy for tuning the geometric curvature and chirality of nanoassemblies at the nanoscale, arriving ultimately the clusteroluminescence through‐space electronic communication at responsive supramolecular nanosystems.
Chilean reference of length at birth
Authors: Figueroa Marcelo Isidro , Martínez Jorge Iván , Román Estela María , Maury‐Sintjago Eduard , Lomaglio Delia Beatriz , Dipierri José Edgardo
Published: September 2022

Background

To generate a reference of length at birth (LB) according to sex and gestational age (GA) of the Chilean population.

Methods

This cross‐sectional observational study used public pooled Chilean newborn (NB) population data registered by the Civil Registry and Identification Service in Chile from 2000 to 2016. Multiple births, entries without information for LB, GA, and sex, and birth lengths <−4SD and > 4SD, were excluded. After applying the selection and randomization criteria, the final sample was made up of 5 010 963 NB (2 560 310 boys; 2 450 653 girls). Length at birth centiles by sex and GA (24–42 weeks) were calculated using the GAMLSS method and then compared with the INTERGROWTH‐21st standard.

Results

Girls had a lower LB than boys. For most GA and in both sexes, the absolute and percentage differences of percentiles as compared with INTERGROWTH‐21st were lower than 1 cm and 1%, respectively.

Conclusions

We present a reference for LB by sex and GA in the Chilean population, developed following updated methodological criteria for neonatal anthropometry, which is acceptably consistent with the INTERGROWTH‐21st standard. The reference we propose may be used in clinical and epidemiological studies to identify either Chilean individuals or populations, respectively, at higher risk of perinatal and infant adverse events related to LB.
Remotely supervised ultrasound‐guided peripheral intravenous cannulation training: A prospective cohort study examining success rates and patient experience
Authors: Peters Nathan , Thomas Joel , Woods Christine , Rickard Claire , Marsh Nicole
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Ultrasound‐guided peripheral intravenous cannulation (USGPIVC) benefits patients with difficult intravenous access (DIVA) through visualising otherwise non‐visible and non‐palpable veins. Supervised live‐case training is an important component of learning this skill, but supervisor availability can present a barrier limiting or delaying staff completing their training.

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine the first‐attempt success rate of newly trained USGPIVC inserters using remote supervision and timely written feedback based on app‐based screen recordings taken during insertion. Secondary aims were overall procedural success, and inserter and patient experiences.

Methods

This study is an observational cohort study carried out between October and December 2021. Fourteen newly trained junior medical officers (JMOs) were eligible to utilise USGPIVC on a minimum of five consenting patients while simultaneously recording the ultrasound screen during insertion to capture their technique. Feedback was generated following expert review of these recordings against a standardised feedback tool.

Results

Average first‐attempt success was 71% (n = 72) in the 102 patients recruited. The average time for JMOs to receive feedback was 30 h, and 13 JMOs (93%) felt well supported and completed the remote training pathway. The majority of patients were female (n = 59; 58%), were aged 41–80 years (n = 75; 74%) and had ≥2 risk factors for DIVA (n = 57; 56%).

Conclusions

First‐attempt success rates were similar when comparing remote supervision used in this study to direct supervision used by other studies.This finding supports incorporating remote supervision into training guidelines for USGPIVC as an alternative method of supervision, particularly when supervisor availability is limited.
Young female with abdominal pain and intra‐abdominal free fluid: The risk of confirmation bias associated with point‐of‐care ultrasound
Authors: Joyce Laura , Loubser Jacques , de Ryke Rex , McHaffie Alexandra
Published: September 2022

Confirmation bias is an ever‐present risk to the rapid decision‐making required in emergency departments (EDs). We present a case of a young woman who was brought to ED by ambulance with hypotension, syncope and vaginal bleeding, with a presumptive pre‐hospital diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. On arrival in ED, she was found to have intra‐abdominal free fluid on bedside ultrasound. This finding could have been used by clinicians to confirm their suspicion of a ruptured ectopic; however, with further investigations, it was found that anaphylaxis was the most likely cause of the patient's symptoms. This case highlights that point‐of‐care ultrasound findings can play a potentially dangerous role in confirmation bias and that we should maintain an open mind when making a diagnosis by treating the patient, rather than the ultrasound picture.
Siloxane‐Based Organosilicon Materials in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Wang Hualan , Zhang Xiaogang , Li Yan , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: September 2022

Siloxane‐based molecular material, by virtue of its unique chemical structure, thermal and electrochemical properties, has triggered tremendous research interest and sparked a revolution for energy storage in the past years. Siloxanes and their analogues are generally demonstrated to be more environmentally friendly, durable, and safer when employed to reconstruct the nano‐micro surface structure of electrodes, separators, and their interfaces with electrolytes. To better understand the recent and comprehensive achievement of siloxane‐based materials in energy storage, a systematic summary is necessary to provide important clues, aiming at achieving better electrochemical properties. In this Minireview, siloxane materials are presented comprehensively and systematically in terms of molecule design, functionality, and unique superiority for lithium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors. The challenges, perspectives, and future directions of siloxane‐based organosilicon materials are put forward for higher performance and wider application in electrochemical energy storage devices.
Bacterial Avenalumic Acid Biosynthesis Includes Substitution of an Aromatic Amino Group for Hydride by Nitrous Acid Dependent Diazotization
Authors: Kawai Seiji , Hagihara Ryota , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Katsuyama Yohei , Ohnishi Yasuo
Published: September 2022

The diazo group is an important functional group that can confer biological activity to natural products owing to its high reactivity. Recent studies have revealed that diazo groups are synthesized from amino groups using nitrous acid in secondary metabolites of actinomycetes. However, genome database analysis indicated that there are still many diazo group‐biosynthesizing enzymes for unknown biosynthetic pathways. Here, we discovered an avenalumic acid biosynthesis gene cluster in Streptomyces sp. RI‐77 by genome mining of enzymes involved in diazo group formation. Through heterologous expression, the gene cluster was revealed to direct avenalumic acid (AVA) biosynthesis via 3‐aminoavenalumic acid (3‐AAA). In vitro enzyme assays showed that AvaA6 and AvaA7 catalyzed the diazotization of 3‐AAA using nitrous acid and substitution of the diazo group for hydride to synthesize AVA, respectively. This study revealed an unprecedented pathway for amino group removal via diazotization.
Ion recognition by 1,2,3‐triazole moieties synthesized via “click chemistry”
Authors: Singh Gurleen , George Nancy , Singh Riddima , Singh Gurjaspreet , Sushma  , Kaur Gurpreet , Singh Harminder , Singh Jandeep
Published: September 2022

1,2,3‐Triazole‐based ligands obtained through copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) have been exploited in vast array of research domains owing to the stitching of simpler molecules through a needle of Cu(I) catalyst. The numerous reports on ion(s) detection capabilities of synthesized 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole ligands using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy are accessible. This review enlists substituted 1,2,3‐triazole‐based sensor probes, since 2010, synthesized selectively by CuAAC, having the ability to sense either a single ion or multiple ions under specific set of conditions along with their detection limits. The review also apprehends the different techniques and sensing mechanisms involved in the detection of ions by chemosensor probes.
Simply and effectively control the shell thickness of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles by polyethylene glycol for drug delivery applications
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Hoi , Tran Dieu Linh , Truong‐Thi Ngoc‐Hang , Nguyen Cuu Khoa , Tran Cam Tu , Nguyen Dai Hai
Published: September 2022

This study reports for the first time the usage of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the capping agent to control mesoporous shell thickness of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN)—a promising nanocarrier. HMSN was synthesized with hard template method and PEG with different molecular weights and concentrations would be added at the mesoporous coating. The samples dSiO2@MSN synthesized with and without PEG were analyzed DLS, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda to characterize their mesoporous shells. Meanwhile transmission electron microscope, Zeta potential, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared, loading capacity, release profile and cytotoxicity analysis was conducted to characterize HSMNs. As PEG's molecular weight or concentration increased, the mesoporous shell thickness gradually raised. Particles synthesized in the presence of 2% PEG 6000 retained the monodispersed spherical morphology with a particle diameter of 95.40 nm and a mesoporous shell thickness of 14.40 nm, which was about 7.0 nm thicker. dSiO2@MSN‐P owned equal mesopore diameter and higher surface area compared to dSiO2@MSN‐0. HMSN‐P showed similar loading capacity but better sustained release profile than HMSN‐0. Moreover, both HMSN‐0 and HMSN‐P performed as biocompatible materials. This study would contribute a simple and effective method to control the shell thickness of HMSN with PEG for drug delivery applications.
Polyacrylic acid ultra‐thin films: Influence of cross‐linking structure via hyperthermal hydrogen‐induced cross‐linking
Authors: Liang Mengfan , Zhu Yan , Xu Run , Wang Junqiang , Cui Jian , Yang Dequan , Nie Heng‐Yong , Lau Woon‐Ming
Published: September 2022

The facile technology of hyperthermal hydrogen‐induced cross‐linking (HHIC) has recently been employed to efficiently cross‐link the typical surface modification material of poly acrylic acid (PAA) on polymer substrates, such as polylactic acid substrates, parylene C substrates and hydrophobic polypropylene substrates. This paper systematically studied the HHIC induced self‐cross‐linking of PAA without polymer substrates. It was found that the H was cleaved not only from the CH, but also from the surface functional group COOH, evidenced by both X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement and the water contact angle test. We explained the self‐cross‐linking process as a result of both CC bonding and COOC bonding. Meanwhile, it was also found that PAA on different substrates can also be cross‐linked by secondary electron generated by X‐ray radiation during XPS analysis, which could be the main reason for wide variations of different reported XPS results.
A new large‐sized species ofChelonoidis(Testudinidae) without gibbosities from the middle Miocene of Aguada Escondida (NWChubut, Patagonia, Argentina)
Authors: Vlachos Evangelos , de la Fuente Marcelo S. , Sterli Juliana
Published: September 2022

Previously, only one small‐sized species of Testudinidae (Chelonoidis gringorum) was named from Lower‐Middle Miocene of Central Patagonia. In this short article, we describe a new large Testudinidae, here namedChelonoidis meridianasp. nov. This large new species (carapace up to 80 cm) differs from other large species of the southern South American fossil record by the absence of gibbosities on neural and costal carapacial bones, a short and wide entoplastron with a humeropectoral sulcus that was placed well behind its posterior end, and pectoral scutes that are medially longer, approximately one‐third of the medial length of the hyoplastra. The discovery of this new species in the Middle Miocene increases the raw turtle diversity in Chubut, permitting to reduce the gap between the raw and phylogenetic diversity previously proposed. This occurrence is also important from both a temporal and geographic point of view. It permits fixing the presence of large‐sized tortoises in the continent since ~15 million years ago (Middle Miocene). This occurrence predates all other large and giant tortoises from Argentina and South America and it is older than the giantChelonoidisfrom the Langhian–Tortonian of Colombia. This is also the southernmost occurrence of a large‐sized testudinid in the world.
Re‐evaluating the evidence for late‐surviving megafauna at Nombe rockshelter in the New Guinea highlands
Authors: Prideaux Gavin J. , Kerr Isaac A. R. , van Zoelen Jacob D. , Grün Rainer , van der Kaars Sander , Oertle Annette , Douka Katerina , Grono Elle , Barron Aleese , Mountain Mary‐Jane , Westaway Michael C. , Denham Tim
Published: September 2022

The causes of the Late Pleistocene extinction of most larger‐bodied animals on the Australian continent have long been controversial. This is due, in no small part, to inadequate knowledge of exactly when these species were lost from different ecosystems. The Nombe rockshelter in the highlands of Papua New Guinea is one of very few sites on Sahul with as‐yet‐unrefuted evidence for the survival of megafaunal species until more recently than 40 thousand years (ka) ago. However, our understanding of the age of this site has been based on radiocarbon dating. Here we present new U–Th ages on large marsupial specimens from the deposit and identify a range of postcranial elements to species that include the diprotodontid Hulitherium tomasettii, kangaroo Protemnodon tumbuna and thylacine Thylacinus cynocephalus. Direct U–Th ages of 27–22 ka ago on faunal remains of Protemnodon tumbuna and another large unidentified macropodid are consistent with the existing radiocarbon chronology, yet are minimum ages due to the potential for post‐depositional uptake of 238U and stratigraphic reworking. Pollen analyses indicate perhumid, montane forests dominated by Nothofagus persisted, with minimal human disturbance from at least c.26–20 ka ago up to the terminal Pleistocene. Collagen fingerprinting (ZooMS) demonstrates the potential of protein‐based identification of megafaunal remains at Nombe in the future. This study leaves open the possibility of extended coexistence between some megafaunal species in the montane rainforests of New Guinea and intermittently visiting groups of people, and underscores the need for further investigation of the Nombe deposit. Although preliminary, these findings reinforce the view that debates regarding megafaunal extinctions on Sahul require a greater appreciation of species‐specific temporalities and the degrees of human impact on diverse habitats across the continent.
Coping‐resilience profiles and experiences of stress in autistic adults
Authors: Muniandy Melanie , Richdale Amanda L. , Lawson Lauren P.
Published: September 2022

Emerging studies allude to high stress in autistic adults. Considering the detrimental impact of stress on health outcomes, examining individual resources which may influence the extent to which stress is experienced (e.g., coping and resilience) is vital. Using a person‐focused approach, this study aimed to identify coping‐resilience profiles, and examine their relations to general perceived stress and daily hassles in a sample of autistic adults (N = 86; aged 19–74 years). Cluster analysis identified four coping‐resilience profiles (i.e., high cope/ low resilience, low cope/ high resilience, engage cope/ high resilience, and disengage cope/ low resilience). The high cope/ low resilience and disengage cope/ low resilience groups had significantly higher general perceived stress than the remaining groups. No significant group differences were noted in relation to daily hassles. Jointly addressing coping and resilience may be beneficial on the perceived stress experienced in autistic adults. The use of coping‐resilience profiles may also allow for the personalization of stress management and support options in the autistic adult population.
Viewing teratogens through the lens of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
Authors: Mark Paul R. , Dunwoodie Sally L.
Published: September 2022

Background

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion is associated with numerous diseases in humans. Recently it was revealed that genetic blockage of the NAD+ synthesis pathway in humans causes birth defects in multiple organ systems and miscarriage. Additionally, mice with NAD+ deficiency created through dietary restriction of tryptophan and vitamin B3 were shown to have congenital anomalies affecting virtually every organ system along with miscarriage. Perturbations in NAD+/NADH affect mechanisms of teratogenesis presented by Wilson and others, including genetic alterations, altered energy sources, and lack of precursors and substrates needed for biosynthesis.

Methods

Medical literature was evaluated to demonstrate how perturbations in NAD+/NADH affect mechanisms of teratogenesis. In addition, literature describing several different teratogens of various types (infectious, physical, maternal health factors, drugs) was reviewed showing the impact of these teratogens on NAD+ and NAD+/NADH ratios.

Result

Many teratogens affect NAD+ by altering its metabolism, decreasing its intracellular availability, or decreasing its production, which in turn is a plausible mechanism for the creation of birth defects.

Conclusion

Looking at teratogens through the lens of their impact on NAD+ could provide valuable insight into the mechanism by which some teratogens cause birth defects and miscarriage.
The uses and abuses of boredom in the classroom
Authors: Yacek Douglas W. , Gary Kevin
Published: September 2022

Although the educational and psychological hazards of boredom are well documented, an increasing number of researchers have argued that boredom may be a helpful, rather than harmful, emotion for the growing individual. In this paper, we engage with this re‐conception of boredom and explore its implications for contemporary education: Can boredom enhance student learning, or support certain forms of it? Can it be put to use in the classroom? What are the risks involved? In addressing these questions, we show that boredom can fulfil several important psychological functions under certain special conditions. At the same time, we argue that careful attention to the moral psychology of boredom reveals that it has significant disadvantages for helping students to develop a meaningful and fulfilling relationship to subject matter in the classroom. Against the backdrop of this analysis, we discuss the concept and experience of aspiration as a potential way of tempering and eventually obviating the psychological pitfalls of boredom. In the final section, we draw out several principles of an aspirational approach to grappling with boredom in education.
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of a novel green‐emitting LiYGeO4:Tb3+ long afterglow phosphor
Authors: Ou Guangjin , Song Hongqing , Gong Xinyong , Cui Ruirui , Deng Chaoyong
Published: September 2022

A new green luminescent phosphor, Li(Y1‐xTbx)GeO4, was prepared using a high‐temperature solid‐phase method. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measured spectrum agreed well with the standard card JCPDS No. 02‐3479, indicating that it is a quaternary compound belonging to the space group of Pnma(62) with an orthogonal crystalline phase; the excitation and emission spectra measured using the phosphor spectrometer showed that it can be effectively excited by near‐ultraviolet light at 378 nm and blue light at 482 nm, and produced excellent strong emission of green light at 550 nm. The afterglow test results show that the sample had a good long afterglow effect at lower doping concentrations; the thermal stability test results showed that its thermal burst activation energy ΔE ≈ 0.37 eV had its excellent thermal stability. The rare earth Tb3+‐doped green phosphor, LiYGeO4:Tb3+, has potential applications in household lighting, medical therapy, and optical storage.