bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skin and Mucosa Care in Systemic Sclerosis – Patients' and Family Caregivers' Experiences and Expectations of a Specific Education Programme: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kocher Agnes , Adler Sabine , Spichiger Elisabeth
Published: March 2013

Background

Skin and mucosal manifestations such as skin thickening, pruritus, reduced microvascular circulation, digital lesions, appearance‐related changes, and dryness of the eyes and mucosa are common in systemic sclerosis (SSc). A specific skin and mucosa care education programme for patients and their family caregivers should increase their self‐efficacy and improve coping strategies.

Aims

The aims of this qualitative study were to explore the participants' experiences of both everyday life with skin and mucosal manifestations and the programme itself, while identifying unmet needs for programme development.

Methods

Narrative interviews were conducted with eight SSc patients and two family caregivers of individuals with SSc. Using qualitative content analysis techniques, the transcribed interviews were systematically summarized and categories inductively developed.

Results

The findings illustrated participants' experiences of skin and mucosal symptoms and revealed them to be experts in finding the right therapy mix alone (before diagnosis) and also in collaboration with health professionals (after diagnosis). Participants emphasized that the programme gave them useful education on skin and mucosa care. They described how they had to cope alone with the lack of information on pathophysiology, people's reactions, and the impact on their family and working lives. Nevertheless, participants said that they maintained a positive attitude by not dwelling on future disabilities.

Conclusions

Patients and family caregivers benefited from the individualized and SSc‐specific education on skin and mucosa care. Future improvements to the programme should focus on imparting understandable information on SSc pathophysiology, dealing with disfigurement and seeking reliable disease information, as well as facilitating peer support. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors from age 9 to 19 and the influence of television viewing
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan A. , Pate Russell R. , Liese Angela D.
Published: March 2013

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine if time spent watching television is associated with changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors from age 9 to 19.

Design and Methods:

Participants were girls enrolled in the NHLBI Growth and Health Study (n = 1,702), and CVD risk factors were measured at ages 10, 12, 14, 16, and 19. Longitudinal quantile regression was used to determine if television viewing was associated with changes in CVD risk factors over time at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of the CVD risk factors.

Results:

In black girls, television viewing (h/wk) was positively associated with sum of skinfolds (mm) at the 75th (0.22, 99% CI, 0.06‐0.38) and 90th percentiles (0.21, 99% CI, 0.05‐0.36), but not at the 10th, 25th, or 50th percentiles. In white girls, television viewing (h/wk) was positively associated with sum of skinfolds (mm) with the strength of the associations progressively stronger toward the upper tail of the skinfold distribution, adjusting for physical activity and other covariates (10th percentile: 0.08, 99% CI, 0.03‐0.13; 90th percentile: 0.42, 99% CI, 0.24‐0.59). All associations were adjusted for physical activity, dietary factors, sleep, and maturation. No associations were observed between television viewing and changes in systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, or cholesterol levels in black or white girls.

Conclusion:

Girls who spent more time watching television had greater increases in sum of skinfolds from age 9 to 19, independent of physical activity levels and other covariates. The associations observed were stronger at the upper tail of the skinfold distribution.
Effects of taspoglutide on glycemic control and body weight in obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T‐emerge 7 study)
Authors: Hollander Priscilla , Lasko Ben , Barnett Anthony H. , Bengus Monica , Kanitra Linda , Pi‐Sunyer F. Xavier , Balena Raffaella
Published: March 2013

Objective:

Therapies that lower blood glucose and provide weight loss may provide meaningful benefits for obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study assessed the efficacy of taspoglutide compared with placebo on glycemic control and weight in obese patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.

Design and Methods:

In a 24‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter trial, obese adults with T2DM were randomized (1:1) to weekly subcutaneous taspoglutide 20 mg (10 mg for first 4 weeks) (n = 154) or placebo (n = 151) for 24 weeks. Efficacy measures included hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, body weight, percentage of patients achieving HbA1c ≤6.5 and ≤7.0%, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Adverse events (AEs) were assessed.

Results:

Mean baseline HbA1c was 7.55% and mean baseline BMI was 36.7 kg/m2. HbA1c reductions from baseline were significantly greater with taspoglutide than placebo (least square mean [LSMean], −0.81% vs. −0.09%; P < 0.0001). Weight loss at week 24 was significantly greater with taspoglutide than placebo (LSMean, −3.16 vs. −1.85 kg; P < 0.01). In the taspoglutide and placebo groups, target HbA1c levels (≤6.5%) were achieved by 49 and 16% of patients, respectively, while 72 and 36% achieved HbA1c levels ≤7%. Decreases in FPG were significantly greater with taspoglutide than placebo (−23.59 vs. 0.09 mg/dl; P < 0.0001). Nausea and vomiting were the most common AEs associated with taspoglutide, but tended to be transient and generally mild or moderate.

Conclusions:

In obese patients with T2DM, once‐weekly taspoglutide provided the combined benefits of glycemic control and weight loss.
The relationship between anthropometric indexes of adiposity and vascular function in the FATE cohort
Authors: Martin Billie‐Jean , Verma Subodh , Charbonneau Francois , Title Lawrence M. , Lonn Eva M. , Anderson Todd J.
Published: March 2013

Objective:

Numerous indexes of adiposity have been proposed and are currently in use in clinical practice and research. However, the correlation of these indexes with measures of vascular health remain poorly defined. This study investigated which measure of adiposity is most strongly associated with endothelial function.

Design and Methods:

Data from the Firefighters And Their Endothelium (FATE) study was used. The relationships between three measures of vascular function: flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), hyperemic velocity time integral (VTI), and hyperemic shear stress (HSS), and five measures of adiposity: BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), and body adiposity index (BAI) were tested. Univariate comparisons were made, and subsequently models adjusted for traditional risk factors were constructed.

Results:

A total of 1,462 male firefighters (mean age 49 ± 9) without cardiovascular disease comprised the study population. No measure of adiposity correlated with FMD; all five measures of adiposity were negatively correlated with VTI and HSS (P values <0.0001), with WHtR most strongly correlated with VTI, and WC most strongly correlated with HSS (both P < 0.05). In models including all five measures of obesity simultaneously, BMI, WC, and WHtR were all predictive of HSS (all P values <0.05), and BMI and WHR were both predictive of VTI (P values <0.05).

Conclusions:

Anthropometric measures of adiposity may help refine estimations of atherosclerotic burden. BMI was most consistently associated with endothelial dysfunction, but measures of adiposity that reflect distribution of mass were additive.
Structures and properties of thermoregulated acrylonitrile–methyl acrylate sheet containing microphase change materials
Authors: Han Na , Gao Xiyin , Zhang Rong , Zhang Xingxiang
Published: March 2013

A series of melt processable poly(acrylonitrile–methyl acrylate) copolymers with a feeding ratio of 85/15 mol% (abbreviated as 85/15 AN/MA below) containing 0–25 wt% of microencapsulated phase change materials (micro‐PCMs) were synthesized by aqueous precipitation polymerization. The number average sequence lengths (NASLs) and tacticity of 85/15 AN/MA were determined using 13C‐NMR. The results showed that the NASL of contiguous AN sequences is 10.00 and the tacticity is atactic with approximately 51% m and 49% r diads (the relative orientation of two adjacent cyanogroup). 85/15 AN/MA containing various contents of micro‐PCMs were processed into sheets in melt condition at 210°C and 20 MPa. The structures and properties of the copolymers and sheets containing micro‐PCMs were studied by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, X‐ray diffraction, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The composition of AN/MA copolymer agreed well with its monomer feed ratio. The melting enthalpy of the sheets containing 25 wt% of micro‐PCMs was approximately 25 J/g, which increased steadily as the micro‐PCMs content increased. The modulus of the sheets decreased with the micro‐PCMs content increased. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sheets was in the range of 79.7–81.7°C, which also increased with the micro‐PCMs content increasing. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mechanical, thermal and degradation properties of jute fabric – reinforced polypropylene composites: Effect of potassium permanganate as oxidizing agent
Authors: Khan Jahangir A. , Khan Mubarak A. , Islam Rabiul
Published: March 2013

Mechanical properties of jute fabrics‐reinforced polypropylene composites were measured with reference to fiber loading and found highest at 45% by the weight of jute fabrics. Jute fabrics were treated with potassium permanganate in acid (oxalic acid and sulphuric acid) and alkaline (KOH) media in order to investigate the oxidizing effect on the properties of the composites. Solutions of oxalic acid, sulphuric acid, and KOH were prepared in water as 1.0–10.0% w/v, 0.1–2.0% v/v, and 1.0–10.0% w/v, respectively, where percentage of KMnO4 was maintained at 0.01% w/v. Among the treatments, 5.0% oxalic acid treated jute composite showed better mechanical performance. Thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) data of PP, jute fabrics and composites showed that thermal degradation temperatures of composites shifted to higher temperature regions compared to PP or jute fabrics. The treatment of jute fabrics improves thermal stability of the composites. Treated jute composites were found less degradable in soil, water and simulated weathering conditions and also found less water sensible compared to control composite (45% w/w jute fabrics). POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Characterization and anticorrosive properties of poly(2,3‐dimethylaniline)/TiO2 composite synthesized by emulsion polymerization
Authors: Li Zhitao , Ma Li , Gan Mengyu , Yan Jun , Hu Haifeng , Zeng Jun , Chen Feifei
Published: March 2013

Poly(2,3‐dimethylaniline)/TiO2 composite (PTC) was prepared by emulsion polymerization using dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid as emulsifier and dopant. The structure of PTC was characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Effect of TiO2 content on the PTC properties was studied by tafel polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polymerization yield, and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The results showed that the anticorrosion property and electrochemical activity of PTC reached a maximum level when the content of TiO2 was 15%. Epoxy coatings containing poly(2,3‐dimethylaniline) (P(2,3‐DMA)) and PTC, respectively, were painted on steel and accelerated electrochemical corrosion tests were performed to evaluate the anticorrosion property of the coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results showed that the PTC coating had higher corrosion resistance than that of P(2,3‐DMA). POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT PREFERENCES FOR GRADUATE TRAINING IN PSYCHOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Stinnett Terry A. , Bui Levita , Capaccioli Kristen
Published: March 2013

There continues to be a critical shortage of school psychologist practitioners and academicians. Undergraduate students in psychology, education, and other majors (N = 674) from a large comprehensive university in the southwest completed an examiner‐made web‐based questionnaire designed to assess their attitudes and preferences for choosing graduate training in psychology. There were differences among the participants on Interest in Graduate School, Child Interests, Attitude toward Research, and Exposure to School Psychology. Psychology majors were more interested in graduate school than all other majors in the sample and were more interested in research than “other” majors. Psychology majors reported significantly less exposure to school psychology than “other” majors. Examination of the endorsement patterns of the participants indicated the following. Generally, misconceptions about school psychology were not endorsed at high levels. Sixty seven percent of the sample indicated they would attend graduate school. And 77% of the participants also endorsed items indicating they had interests in focusing on children and child related problems. The participants did specify there were some geographic restraints related to choice of graduate school. Fifty to 60% of the participants agreed they had personal qualifications which would make them highly competitive for graduate school admission. Implications for school psychology recruitment are offered.
Network views for personalized medicine
Authors: Vlahou Antonia
Published: March 2013

Clinical Proteomics has traveled a long way pinpointing potential biomarkers for a variety of diseases. However, the absence of clinical implementation of proteomics findings has led to a frank evaluation and reconsideration of applied practices in biomarker discovery, recruitment of technological tools for biomarker verification and generation of new guidelines for data reporting. Nevertheless, considering the need for vast clinical resources for biomarker validation, the frequent lack of clear definitions of contexts of use, in combination to the biomarker “high offer,” progress toward biomarker implementation will even more require the adoption of an extensive open‐minded approach: disease‐focused networks are needed to ensure rapid exchange of information, initiation of appropriate studies, parallel validation of multiple biomarkers and sharing of valuable clinical resources. This viewpoint article targets to reflect on these issues and advocates the added value of multidisciplinary networks in biomarker development using bladder cancer as a paradigm.
Humanin binds MPP8: mapping interaction sites of the peptide and protein
Authors: Maximov Vadim V. , Martynenko Alina V. , Arman Inga P. , Tarantul Vyacheslav Z.
Published: March 2013

Humanin (HN), a 24‐amino acid peptide encoded by the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, was discovered by screening a cDNA library from the occipital cortex of a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD) for a protection factor against AD‐relevant insults. Earlier, using the yeast two‐hybrid system, we have identified the M‐phase phosphoprotein 8 (MPP8) as a binding partner for HN. In the present work, we further confirmed interaction of HN with MPP8 in co‐immunoprecipitation experiments and localized an MPP8‐binding site in the region between 5 and 12 aa. of HN. We have also shown that an MPP8 fragment (residues 431–560) is sufficient to bind HN. Further studies on functional consequences of the interaction between the potential oncopetide and the oncoprotein may elucidate some aspects of the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2013 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Over 550 V breakdown voltage of InAlN/GaN HEMT on Si
Authors: Saito Hisashi , Takada Yoshiharu , Kuraguchi Masahiko , Yumoto Miki , Tsuda Kunio
Published: March 2013

InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) on Si substrate with a high breakdown voltage is reported. The observed off‐state breakdown voltage was over 550 V and the specific on‐state resistance was 0.7 mΩcm2 in the fabricated device with the spacing between the gate and drain (Lgd) of 8 µm. After the measurement, the device was found not to be broken when it was observed by an optical microscope. The off‐state breakdown voltage might be about 550 V in the device with Lgd of 5 µm, because the increase of the off‐state leakage current was observed at the drain voltage of 550 V. If the off‐state breakdown voltage was proportional to Lgd, the speculated off‐state breakdown voltage from this result was 880 V in the device with Lgd of 8 µm. Therefore, InAlN/GaN HEMTs have potential for application as power electronics devices. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Multinomial‐Poisson Models: A Generalization of Birch's Numerical Invariance Results
Authors: LANG JOSEPH B.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. This study gives a generalization of Birch's log‐linear model numerical invariance result. The generalization is given in the form of a sufficient condition for numerical invariance that is simple to verify in practice and is applicable for a much broader class of models than log‐linear models. Unlike Birch's log‐linear result, the generalization herein does not rely on any relationship between sufficient statistics and maximum likelihood estimates. Indeed the generalization does not rely on the existence of a reduced set of sufficient statistics. Instead, the concept of homogeneity takes centre stage. Several examples illustrate the utility of non‐log‐linear models, the invariance (and non‐invariance) of fitted values, and the invariance (and non‐invariance) of certain approximating distributions.
Die neue Neckarbrücke zwischen Kirchheim und Gemmrigheim
Authors: Saul R. , Hanke R. , Kusch G.
Published: March 2013

Die neue Neckarbrücke Kirchheim‐Gemmrigheim ist ‐ nach einer Bogenbrücke und einem SKR‐Fachwerk ‐ der dritte Brückenschlag an dieser Stelle. Sie führt die zweispurige Kreisstraße K 1625 über den Neckar und eine zweigleisige Bahnlinie. Die 11,50 m breite und insgesamt 217 m lange Brücke besteht im wesentlichen aus dem Verbundfachwerk‐Überbau über dem Fluß, dem Verbundträgerrost über der Bahnlinie, zwei Fluß‐ und einem Landpfeiler sowie drei Widerlagern. Die erforderliche Aufrechterhaltung des Bahn‐, Straßen‐ und Schiffsverkehrs machte die Herstellung des Neckar‐Überbaus in provisorischer Lage, den Querverschub auf die ertüchtigten Unterbauten und den Einsatz von drei Behelfsbrücken erforderlich.
Erfahrungen mit alten Stahlkonstruktionen
Authors: Bucak Ö. , Mang F.
Published: March 2013

Zahlreiche Stahlbauwerke des 19. Jahrhunderts ‐ insbesondere Eisenbahnbrücken ‐ stehen seit ihrer Entstehung ununterbrochen in Betrieb. Diese Bauwerke sollen teils aus denkmalpflegerischen und teils aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen noch in Betrieb bleiben. Die Kenntnisse damals eingesetzter Stähle und der Niettechnik als wichtigste Verbindungstechnik werden heute nur noch von wenigen Fachleuten beherrscht. Mit dem Aufsatz sollen diese Erkenntnisse einem größeren Kreis von Kollegen vermittelt werden. Deshalb wurden im vorliegenden Aufsatz Inhalte aus Kapitel 18 des Stahlbau‐Handbuches (Teil 1b) als Kurzfassung mit einigen Ergänzungen wiedergegeben. Im vorliegenden ersten Teil wird nach einer kurzen Schilderung der Werkstoffkenndaten über Niettechnik berichtet und es wurden einige neue Erkenntnisse mitgeteilt. In einem weiteren Aufsatz wird über das Ermüdungsverhalten, über Verstärkungsmaßnahmen und auch über den Korrosionsschutz alter Bauwerke berichtet.
Globales Brandsicherheitskonzept
Authors: Schleich J.‐B.
Published: March 2013

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt den gegenwärtigen Entwicklungsstand auf dem Gebiet der Brandsicherheit. Unter Beachtung der im Jahre 1989 herausgegebenen Richtlinie für bautechnische Erzeugnisse sowie deren maßgeblicher Forderung "Sicherheit im Brandfall" aus dem Jahr 1994 wird zunächst näher auf die globale statische Analyse im Brandfall, die Kombinationsregel für die im Brandfall auftretenden Einwirkungen sowie die den Bedingungen eines Naturbrandes entsprechende Bemessung eingegangen. Da sich das globale Brandsicherheitskonzept, GBSK, mit der Beurteilung der Sicherheit von Gebäudenutzern und Feuerwehrleuten, des Schutzes von Eigentum und Umwelt, der erforderlichen realen Feuerwiderstandsdauer und der realistischen Brandschutzbemessung von Bauwerken einschließlich der aktiven Brandsicherheit befaßt, sind die für die Evakuierung der Gebäudenutzer benötigte Zeit, die Folgen eines Konstruktionsversagens, die Auswirkungen aktiver Brandsicherheits‐ und Brandbekämpfungsmittel sowie die Gefahr der Brandauslösung zu untersuchen. Dieses globale Brandsicherheitskonzept bietet einen konkreten Schutz der von einem Brand betroffenen Personen und gewährleistet gleichzeitig die notwendige Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit der Konstruktion unter realen Bedingungen.
Nachweis der Betriebsfestigkeit exzentrisch beanspruchter Ringflanschverbindungen
Authors: Petersen Ch.
Published: March 2013

Für die Montagestöße von Stahlschornsteinen und ähnlichen Konstruktionen werden häufig geschraubte, einseitig liegende Ringflanschverbindungen gewählt. Infolge des sukzessiven Klaffens der gedrückten Kontaktfläche ist das elastostatische Verhalten nichtlinear, was beim Betriebsfestigkeitsnachweis zu berücksichtigen ist. Als Ergebnis von 32 Dauerschwingversuchen wird die Wöhler‐Linie für vorgespannte Schrauben M20 10.9 dieser Verbindungsform gewonnen; auf der Basis der Versuchsbefunde wird ein Konzept für einen realistischen Betriebsfestigkeitsnachweis entwickelt.
Glaskuppel für die Flußpferde im Zoo Berlin
Authors: Schlaich J. , Schober H.
Published: March 2013

Der Berliner Zoo erhielt 1997 ein neues Flußpferdehaus. Beide Becken der Anlage werden von einer verglasten Netzkuppel frei überspannt. Mit Hilfe vorgespannter Seildiagonalen konnte ein äußerst filigranes einlagiges Schalentragwerk geschaffen werden. Trotz der doppelt gekrümmten, fließenden Form war es möglich, das Dach mit einem gleichmaschigen Netz aus ebenen Vierecksmaschen herzustellen, das sich mit ebenen Vierecksscheiben direkt verglasen läßt.
Zur Berechnung von sattelgelagerten unversteiften Behältern und Rohren
Authors: Krupka V.
Published: March 2013

In sattelgelagerten, unversteiften, horizontalen, kreiszylindrischen Behältern treten die größten Schalenbeanspruchungen in der Regel in der Umgebung des Sattels auf. Diese können die Ursache für Versagen infolge Materialermüdung oder für Beulversagen oder für Versagen infolge plastischen Eindrückens des Sattels in die Schale sein. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden vereinfachte Bemessungsregeln gegen die drei genannten Versagensarten vorgestellt und mit Hilfe eines Anwendungsbeispiels erläutert.
Zur Berechnung von Verbundrahmen mit nachgiebigen Verbundknoten
Authors: Tschemmernegg F. , Bergmann J. , Marcher St.
Published: March 2013

Anhand eines Beispieles wird die Berechnung eines unverschieblichen Verbundrahmens mit nachgiebigen Knoten im Bau‐ und Endzustand gezeigt. Dabei kann das nichtlineare Knotenverhalten mit Hilfe von entsprechenden Tabellenwerten für Steifigkeit und Tragfähigkeit dargestellt werden. Die Rahmenberechnung kann mit konventionellen EDV‐Programmen durchgeführt werden, wobei das Verhalten der Knoten durch entsprechende Ersatzstäbe simuliert wird. Die Deckungslinien für Riegel, Stützen und Knoten für verschiedene Lastsituationen werden dargestellt. Ein wesentliches Ergebnis ist auch, daß bei unverschieblichen Rahmen mit "schwachen" Riegeln ‐ "starken" Stützen, unter der Voraussetzung, daß in den Knoten die Schubtragfähigkeit nicht maßgebend ist, in der Systemberechnung die Schubnachgiebigkeit der Knoten vernachlässigt werden kann.
Das Düsseldorfer Stadttor ‐ ein 19geschossiges Hochhaus in Stahlverbundbauweise
Authors: Lange J. , Ewald K.
Published: March 2013

Am Beispiel eines außergewöhnlichen Bauwerkes werden die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des modernen Verbundbaus gezeigt. Enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Architekten und Ingenieuren führte zu einem Tragwerk, daß die ganze Breite der zur Verfügung stehenden Verbundbauteile nutzt und sie als architektonisches Element sichtbar macht. Ein optimiertes Brandschutzkonzept ist dabei wichtig für den Erfolg des Projekts.
Einfluß der Biegung einer Eisenbahnbrücke auf die Schiene in Längsrichtung
Authors: Pahnke U.
Published: March 2013

Die Schubkopplung zwischen Schiene und Tragwerksdeck bei vertikaler Belastung wird auf ein geometrisches Randwertproblem zurückgeführt. Die Lösung dieses Randwertproblems erfolgt mit Hilfe einer Integralgleichung, deren Kern aus Versetzungsdichten in der Schiene aufgebaut wird. Die Lösung gibt die Verläufe von Schienenlängskraft, ‐absolutverschiebung und ‐relativverschiebung gegenüber dem Tragwerksdeck in Längsrichtung für symmetrische Lagerung bei Aufbringung einer Streckenlast an. Vergleiche mit numerischen Ergebnissen und einer anderen analytischen Näherungslösung werden angestellt.
Vorschlag für das neue Lastbild des Internationalen Eisenbahnverbandes (UIC)
Authors: Quoos V. , Fila R.
Published: March 2013

Es wird der vom Sachverständigenausschuß D 192 des European Rail Research Institute (ERRI) erarbeitete Vorschlag zum neuen Lastbild des Internationalen Eisenbahnverbandes (UIC) nebst zugehörigem Schwingfaktor Phi und Teilsicherheitsfaktor Ypsilon F vorgestellt. Ausführliche Hintergrundinformationen vermitteln einen Eindruck zum gegenwärtigen Verkehr sowie zur prognostizierten Verkehrsentwicklung auf internationalen Strecken in Europa und verdeutlichen die zweispurige Bearbeitungsstrategie (deterministische Grenzwertbetrachtungen; probabilistische Lösungsansätze).
Vom Einfluß hoher Geschwindigkeiten auf den Entwurf von Eisenbahnbrücken am Beispiel der Stahlbrücken auf der Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecke (HGS) des TGV Méditerrannée
Authors: Ramondenc Ph.
Published: March 2013

Neben den rein technischen Konsequenzen für den Entwurf hinsichtlich Bemessung und baulicher Durchbildung von Brücken für hohe Geschwindigkeiten ist die Frage interessant, ob der Ingenieur neuerdings gezwungen ist, das Entwerfen seiner Brücken besser zu beherrschen. Es wird die Notwendigkeit gezeigt, auf einfache und natürliche Formen zurückzugreifen. Die aktuellen Trends sind oft an Neuheiten orientiert, die zwar mit Hilfe der EDV umsetzbar sind, die Konstruktionen aber komplizieren.
Schwingbeiwerte und sogenannte "dynamische Beiwerte" ("Schwingfaktoren") von Eisenbahnbrücken
Authors: Weber W.
Published: March 2013

In der Abhandlung werden metrische Definitionen der sogenannten "dynamischen Beiwerte" bei Eisenbahnbrücken begründet und vorgestellt. Der Begriff "Schwingbeiwert" von Eisenbahn‐Überbauten wird für den deutschsprachigen Raum im historischen Kontext analysiert und dokumentiert. Die onomasiologischen Mängel der eingebürgerten Mehrfachbenennungen von Phi werden aufgedeckt und behoben: Die vorgeschlagene deckende Benennung "Anpassungsfaktor" für Phi genügt auch sprachwissenschaftlichen Anforderungen.
Plattenbrücken aus Grobblechen
Authors: Reber J.‐J. , Toledano L. , Pernet Ch.
Published: March 2013

Die Schweizerischen Bundesbahnen haben einige kleine Brücken durch einfache dicke Stahlplatten ersetzt. Solche Konstruktionen sind dort zweckmäßig, wo die zur Verfügung stehenden Bauhöhen knapp sind. Die Auflagerbänke und Randborde aus Stahlbeton werden vorgefertigt, so daß der Ersatz einer Brücke in einer nächtlilchen Zugpause erfolgen kann.
Die Stauseebrücke Zeulenroda. Ein Schadensfall und seine Lehren für die Idee der Ingenieurverantwortung
Authors: Ekardt H.‐P.
Published: March 2013

Berichtet wird über einen Schadensfall beim Bau einer Stahlhohlkastenbrücke vor 25 Jahren in der frühen DDR. Dieser Fall stellte ähnlich denen in Wien, Melbourne, Milford Haven, Koblenz einen Markstein der Entwicklung im Stahlbrückenbau dar. Staatssicherheitsdienst und Justiz gestalteten die Untersuchungen und den Prozeß bereits als Strafmaßnahme und als Tribunal gegen den Tragwerksplaner und den Prüfer. Deren Schicksal wie auch die couragierte Hilfe vieler Stahlbau‐Kollegen sind es wert, erinnert zu werden. Auch an diesem Beispiel innovativer Ingenieurpraxis kann die Bedeutung verantwortlichen Umgangs mit dem technischen Regelwerk und mit überkommenden Entwurfsmaximen studiert werden.
Die dreiseitig gelagerte Platte in der Methode der wirksamen Breiten
Authors: Brune B.
Published: March 2013

Eurocode 3, DIN 18800, Teil 2, und DASt‐Ri. 016 geben wirksamen Breiten für dreiseitig gelagerte Stahlbleche unter Druckbeanspruchung an. Untersuchungen an zusammengesetzten Querschnitten, bei denen dreiseitig gelagerte Beulfelder Biegebeanspruchung um ihre starke Achse erfahren, haben Zweifel an den vorliegenden Ansätzen für die wirksamen Breiten aufkommen lassen. In diesem Beitrag werden neue wirksame Breiten für dreiseitig gelagerte Platten unter Druckbeanspruchung vorgestellt, die über in diesen Blechen im ausgebeulten Zustand auftretenden Elementschnittgrößen hergeleitet wurden. Ferner wurden Untersuchungen zur Gebrauchsfähigkeit durchgeführt. Der Vergleich zeigt die Güte des neuen Ansatzes für die wirksamen Breiten.
What Really Matters When Working With Struggling Readers
Authors: Allington Richard L.
Published: March 2013

We now have an evidence base that documents that we could teach every child by the end of first grade. However, most schools have almost none of the key aspects of instruction that have been available in the research to ensure we achieve this goal. In this paper I argue that this failure is not the result of inadequate funding but rather primarily results from an aged system of beliefs about the inevitability that some students will always fail to learn to read. That belief system along with a lack of familiarity with what researchers have demonstrated in the past decade perpetuate schooling where far too many children fail to thrive as readers. In the end, it is up to us, the adults in the school system, to alter our efforts such that every child becomes a reader.
Children's Voices: Reactions to a Criminal Justice Issue Picture Book
Authors: Oslick Mary Ellen
Published: March 2013

This article examines the issue of children with incarcerated parents within the broader topic of criminal justice in multicultural children's literature. The sheer magnitude of culture of children with incarcerated parents makes it necessary for their stories to be included in children's literature. Children with an incarcerated parent need to see their experiences mirrored in books. Other children need to use books on this topic as windows into the experiences of other children. And finally, all children need to use books on this topic as doors for examining issues of criminal justice in their immediate communities and society as a whole. Authentic student voices, ranging from first graders to fourth graders, are shared and ideas for using these texts in classrooms are included.
Looking at Children's Literature From Two Perspectives
Authors: Serafini Frank , Layne Steven
Published: March 2013

Although the worlds of professors and author‐illustrators of children's and young adult literature are closely related, they rarely intersect in practice. In this column, readers are provided with a new perspective that crosses this divide. The authors are both professor of children's and young adult literature, as well as accomplished authors and illustrators or trade books. Their unique vantage point allows the authors to share insights gained from working in these related but separated worlds. Teachers will enjoy the suggestions for classroom instruction and the look “behind the scenes” that emerges from this intersection.
Mind the Comprehension Iceberg: Avoiding Titanic Mistakes With the CCSS
Authors: Hollenbeck Amy Feiker , Saternus Kara
Published: March 2013

As teachers and leaders move forward in implementing the Common Core State Standards within classrooms across 46 states, it is essential to consider the question of what knowledge is included in the English Language Arts Standards, and what knowledge is not present. The authors of the Common Core delineate an increasingly complex body of knowledge across K‐5 to support their vision of developing engaged and critical readers. However, missing in this document are the cognitive and comprehension strategies that expert readers use to construct meaning of text. In this article, we review the extensive body of research supporting explicit comprehension strategy instruction, and then illustrate the limited alignment between this knowledge base and the concepts articulated within the Common Core. Implications for instruction and planning are discussed in conclusion.
The Braer storm revisited
Authors: Odell Luke , Knippertz Peter , Pickering Steven , Parkes Ben , Roberts Alexander
Published: March 2013

The Braer storm of January 1993 was the deepest ever recorded cyclone outside of the Tropics with a minimum core pressure of 914mbar, but due to its track between Scotland and Iceland it caused little damage and was never intensively examined. Here we present a study of the dynamics of the storm using modern re‐analysis data from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and sensitivity studies with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to quantify influences of diabatic heating and Greenland's topography on the track and rapid deepening of the storm.
Intercellular and systemic spread of RNA and RNAi in plants
Authors: Nazim Uddin Mohammad , Kim Jae‐Yean
Published: March 2013

Plants possess dynamic networks of intercellular communication that are crucial for plant development and physiology. In plants, intercellular communication involves a combination of ligand–receptor‐based apoplasmic signaling, and plasmodesmata and phloem‐mediated symplasmic signaling. The intercellular trafficking of macromolecules, including RNAs and proteins, has emerged as a novel mechanism of intercellular communication in plants. Various forms of regulatory RNAs move over distinct cellular boundaries through plasmodesmata and phloem. This plant‐specific, non‐cell‐autonomous RNA trafficking network is also involved in development, nutrient homeostasis, gene silencing, pathogen defense, and many other physiological processes. However, the mechanism underlying macromolecular trafficking in plants remains poorly understood. Current progress made in RNA trafficking research and its biological relevance to plant development will be summarized. Diverse plant regulatory mechanisms of cell‐to‐cell and systemic long‐distance transport of RNAs, including mRNAs, viral RNAs, and small RNAs, will also be discussed. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:279–293. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1160

The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.

This article is categorized under:

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Receiving Enzyme Replacement Therapy for a Lysosomal Storage Disorder: A Preliminary Exploration of the Experiences of Young Patients and Their Families
Authors: Freedman R. , Sahhar M. , Curnow L. , Lee J. , Peters H.
Published: March 2013

Medical intervention for lysosomal storage disorders becomes part of life, shaping the reality of the condition for affected individuals and families. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available to treat some lysosomal storage disorders. ERT is costly and time consuming, requiring frequent hospital visits to receive intravenous infusions. This qualitative study sought to explore the impact of receiving ERT for a lysosomal storage disorder on the health related quality of life (HRQoL) of young patients and their families. Fifteen semi–structured interviews were conducted with young people and parents and siblings of young people accessing ERT for Pompe disease, Gaucher disease or mucopolysaccharidosis types I or II living in Victoria, Australia. Interviews were transcribed then analyzed thematically. The biopsychosocial model assisted in interpreting themes. Findings revealed positive attitudes towards ERT, with noticed improvements in physical and psychosocial well‐being. Participants prioritised intervention over other activities and provided suggestions for improving current service delivery. Communication with family members and professionals was deemed important, especially in respect to information provision. Participants described challenges associated with living with a lysosomal storage disorder and receiving ERT and coping strategies, such as positive thinking and ways to manage uncertainty. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of living with a chronic genetic condition and receiving intensive treatment on HRQoL.
Erratum to: Carpal Coalition
Authors: DeFazio Michael V. , Cousins Benjamin J. , Miki Roberto Augusto , Cardoso Roy
Published: March 2013

The name of one of the authors, Roberto Augusto Miki Jr., was misspelled. We regret the error.

The online version of the original article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11552-013-9498-5 .
Enhancement of biophoton emission of prostate cancer cells by Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Hossu Marius , Ma Lun , Zou Xiaoju , Chen Wei
Published: March 2013

Ultraweak intrinsic bioluminescence of cancer cell is a noninvasive method of assessing bioenergetic status of the investigated cells. This weak biophoton emission generated by prostate cancer cells (PC3) was measured in the presence of Ag nanoparticles and its correlation with singlet oxygen production was investigated. The comparison between nanoparticles concentration, bioluminescence intensity, and cell survival showed that Ag nanoparticles do not significantly affect cell survival at used concentration but they increase cell bioluminescent processes. It was also confirmed that singlet oxygen contributes to biophoton emission, that Ag nanoparticles increase this contribution, and that there are secondary mechanisms independent of singlet oxygen by which Ag nanoparticles contribute to increased cellular bioluminescence, possibly through plasmon resonance enhancement of intrinsic fluorescence.
Adolescents' domain‐specific judgments about different forms of civic involvement: Variations by age and gender
Authors: Metzger Aaron , Ferris Kaitlyn
Published: March 2013

Domain‐specific judgments about different forms of civic engagement were assessed in a sample 467 primarily White adolescents (M age = 15.26, range = 11–19). Adolescents reported on the obligatory nature and social praiseworthiness (respect) of different forms of civic involvement. Adolescents distinguished among four different categories of civic involvement in their judgments: community service, standard political involvement (e.g., voting), social movement involvement (e.g., protesting), and community gathering activities. These mean differences were moderated by adolescent age (early, middle, and late adolescents) and gender. With increasing age, adolescents judged community service to be more worthy of respect but less obligatory. Compared to early adolescents, late adolescents prioritized standard political involvement as an activity in which US citizens should be engaged, but judged community gathering activities to be less obligatory. Across all age groups, girls judged community service and community gathering activities to be more obligatory than boys.
Persuasibility and the Self – Investigating Heterogeneity among Consumers
Authors: Koller Monika , Floh Arne , Zauner Alexander , Rusch Thomas
Published: March 2013

This article investigates unobserved heterogeneity in the relation between self-related variables and susceptibility to interpersonal influence. We test a structural model explaining susceptibility to interpersonal influence through self-concept clarity and self-esteem. As the degree of interpersonal persuasibility can vary significantly across individuals, we apply finite mixture modeling to identify unobserved heterogeneity and, hence, different customer segments, based on a database of n=1013. We find two different groups for which the path coefficients in the structural model partly differ. These groups can be described in terms of personality-related characteristics like materialism, the need for uniqueness and persuasion knowledge, as well as by demographics. It is crucial for both retailers and e-tailers to understand which consumer segments are more prone than others to interpersonal influence. The findings of the present study contribute to the understanding of fundamental phenomena in consumption choice behavior and provide guidance for psychographic segmentation.
The Effect of ‘Green’ Messages on Brand Purchase and Brand Rejection
Authors: Wheeler Meagan , Sharp Anne , Nenycz-Thiel Magda
Published: March 2013

The paper considers consumer brand rejection of ‘green’ and non-green brands. We find empirically that ‘green’ brands are not considered largely because they are unfamiliar, rather than being consciously rejected. Consumers do not think about these brands in a buying situation, suggesting that their single ‘green’ message is not enough to make it into the shoppers’ consideration set. Additionally, not being ‘green’ was not a reason for rejection of non-green brands. These findings highlight the importance of brand advertising to build multiple, relevant memory structures for any brand, thereby increasing the probability of being thought of during a buying occasion.
Alcohol exposure during development: Impact on the epigenome
Authors: Perkins Amy , Lehmann Claudia , Lawrence R. Charles , Kelly Sandra J.
Published: March 2013

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders represent a wide range of symptoms associated with in utero alcohol exposure. Animal models of FASD have been useful in determining the specific neurological consequences of developmental alcohol exposure, but the mechanisms of those consequences are unclear. Long‐lasting changes to the epigenome are proposed as a mechanism of alcohol‐induced teratogenesis in the hippocampus. The current study utilized a three‐trimester rodent model of FASD to examine changes to some of the enzymatic regulators of the epigenome in adolescence. Combined pre‐ and post‐natal alcohol exposureresulted in a significant increase in DNA methyltransferase activity (DNMT), without affecting histone deacetylase activity (HDAC). Developmental alcohol exposure also caused a change in gene expression of regulators of the epigenome, in particular, DNMT1, DNMT3a, and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). The modifications of the activity and expression of epigenetic regulators in the hippocampus of rodents perinatally exposed to alcohol suggest that alcohol's impact on the epigenome and its regulators may be one of the underlying mechanisms of alcohol teratogenesis.
Technology and Collective Action: The Effect of Cell Phone Coverage on Political Violence in Africa
Authors: PIERSKALLA JAN H. , HOLLENBACH FLORIAN M.
Published: March 2013

The spread of cell phone technology across Africa has transforming effects on the economic and political sphere of the continent. In this paper, we investigate the impact of cell phone technology on violent collective action. We contend that the availability of cell phones as a communication technology allows political groups to overcome collective action problems more easily and improve in-group cooperation, and coordination. Utilizing novel, spatially disaggregated data on cell phone coverage and the location of organized violent events in Africa, we are able to show that the availability of cell phone coverage significantly and substantially increases the probability of violent conflict. Our findings hold across numerous different model specifications and robustness checks, including cross-sectional models, instrumental variable techniques, and panel data methods.
Phytochemicals and biofunctional properties of buckwheat: a review
Authors: AHMED A. , KHALID N. , AHMAD A. , ABBASI N. A. , LATIF M. S. Z. , RANDHAWA M. A.
Published: March 2013

A growing trend for nutraceutical and gluten-free cereal-based products highlights the need for development of new products. Buckwheat is one of the potential candidates for such products and the present paper reviews the functional and nutraceutical compounds present in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). The vital functional substances in buckwheat are flavonoids, phytosterols, fagopyrins, fagopyritols, phenolic compounds, resistant starch, dietary fibre, lignans, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, which make it a highly active biological pseudocereal. Cholesterol-lowering effects that lessen the problems of constipation and obesity are important health benefits that can be achieved through the functional substances of buckwheat.
VARIATION IN HEIGHT AND BMI OF ADULT INDIANS
Authors: SOM SUPARNA , ULIJASZEK STANLEY , PAL MANORANJAN , BHARATI SUSMITA , BHARATI PREMANANDA
Published: March 2013

It is well known that height and weight are interrelated, and that both are related to socioeconomic variables. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of socioeconomic variables on the heights and weights of different groups of people, formed according to different levels of heights and weights, and to see whether there are sex differences in the variations in heights and weights. Data for adults aged 15–49 years were taken from the India National Family Health Survey-3 and descriptive studies and multiple linear regression analyses carried out. A clear positive association was found for height and BMI with economic level (except for overweight females in the case of BMI). In the case of BMI, it is age that seems to be the most influential factor. Surprisingly, the observed changes in height and BMI are not as expected for short and tall or underweight and overweight people; these sometimes behave in the opposite directions to that of normal height and weight people. The basic assumption of multivariate normality is not valid due to changing relations at different height and BMI levels.
Thyroid involvement by laryngeal cancer among Iranian patients
Authors: Naghibzadeh B , Razmpa E , Amiri N , Naghibzadeh GH , Bandarian F
Published: March 2013

Objective:

Asian patients with laryngeal cancer have been reported to have a high prevalence of thyroid involvement. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid invasion in Iranian patients with laryngeal cancer.

Methods:

Hospital records for all patients with a definite diagnosis of laryngeal cancer between 1996 and 2009 (351 patients) were reviewed, and the prevalence of thyroid invasion was established based on the pathology report at the time of surgery.

Results:

Thyroid invasion was found in 16 patients (4.55 percent), and was limited to one thyroid lobe in two-thirds of cases. All instances of thyroid invasion occurred in patients with stage III (81.25 percent) or IV (18.75 percent) cancer. No case of metastasis was reported. The glottic region was identified as the tumour origin in most cases of thyroid invasion (56.25 percent).

Conclusion:

Most cases of thyroid invasion by laryngeal cancer occurred in cancer stage III, at grades G1 and G2, among male patients, and arose from tumours of the glottic region.