bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering Dynamical Nonlinearities in Short Time Series Using Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Nagarajan Radhakrishnan
Published: October 2019

Surrogate testing techniques have been used widely to investigate the presence of dynamical nonlinearities, an essential ingredient of deterministic chaotic processes. Traditional surrogate testing subscribes to statistical hypothesis testing and investigates potential differences in discriminant statistics between the given empirical sample and its surrogate counterparts. The choice and estimation of the discriminant statistics can be challenging across short time series. Also, conclusion based on a single empirical sample is an inherent limitation. The present study proposes a recurrent neural network classification framework that uses the raw time series obviating the need for discriminant statistic while accommodating multiple time series realizations for enhanced generalizability of the findings. The results are demonstrated on short time series with lengths (L = 32, 64, 128) from continuous and discrete dynamical systems in chaotic regimes, nonlinear transform of linearly correlated noise and experimental data. Accuracy of the classifier is shown to be markedly higher than ≫50% for the processes in chaotic regimes whereas those of nonlinearly correlated noise were around ~50% similar to that of random guess from a one-sample binomial test. These results are promising and elucidate the usefulness of the proposed framework in identifying potential dynamical nonlinearities from short experimental time series.
Biological importance of podoplanin expression in chorionic villous stromal cells and its relationship to placental pathologies
Authors: Onak Kandemir Nilufer , Barut Figen , Barut Aykut , Birol İsmail Eren , Dogan Gun Banu , Ozdamar Sukru Oguz
Published: October 2019

Podoplanin, a reliable marker of lymphatic endothelium, is a mucin-type transmembrane protein. Although the human placenta is devoid of a lymphatic system, chorionic villous stromal (CVS) cells express podoplanin. In this study, the pattern of podoplanin expression in normal and pathological placental tissues and the biological role of podoplanin were investigated. In total, 198 placental tissues belonging to 184 patients, seen at the Department of Pathology of Bulent Ecevit University Education and Research Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey, were evaluated histopathologically and determined to meet the study criteria. The tissues were assigned to control, cisternal placental disorders, inflammation and hypoxic-ischemic pathology groups. Podoplanin expression in CVS cells was graded from 0 to 3 depending on the staining intensity, as determined by an immunohistochemical evaluation of chorionic villi in the most intensively stained tissue region. Podoplanin levels in control CVS cells increased in parallel with placental maturation, whereas in molar pregnancies podoplanin expression was lower than in control tissues. In the acute placental inflammation group, podoplanin immunoreactivity was similar to that in the control group, whereas in the preeclampsia group, podoplanin expression was higher than in all other groups. Our study showed an increase in podoplanin expression in CVS cells during pregnancy. In preeclamptic patients, the increase in podoplanin expression may be a response to hypoxic-ischemic conditions, whereas in molar pregnancies the decrease in podoplanin levels may cause villous swelling by disrupting intercellular fluid homeostasis.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activation in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Frinchi Monica , Nuzzo Domenico , Scaduto Pietro , Di Carlo Marta , Massenti Maria F. , Belluardo Natale , Mudò Giuseppa
Published: October 2019

Recently we found that acute treatment with Oxotremorine (Oxo), a non-selective mAChRs agonist, up-regulates heat shock proteins and activates their transcription factor heat shock factor 1 in the rat hippocampus. Here we aimed to investigate: a) if acute treatment with Oxo may regulate pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus; b) if chronic restraint stress (CRS) induces inflammatory or oxidative alterations in the hippocampus and whether such alterations may be affected by chronic treatment with Oxo. In the acute experiment, rats were injected with single dose of Oxo (0.4 mg/kg) and sacrificed at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. In the CRS experiment, the rats were exposed for 21 days to the CRS and then were treated with Oxo (0.2 mg/kg) for further 10 days. The acute Oxo treatment showed an ability to significantly reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), singlet oxygen (1O2), pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (IL-1β and IL-6) and phosphorylated NF-κB-p65. Acute Oxo treatment also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 protein levels and stimulated SOD activity. No differences were detected in the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, including IL-10 and TGF-β1. In the group of rats exposed to the CRS were found increased hippocampal IL-1β and IL-6 levels, together with a reduction of SOD activity level. These changes produced by CRS were counteracted by chronic Oxo treatment. In contrast, the upregulation of ROS and 1O2 levels in the CRS group was not counteracted by chronic Oxo treatment. The results revealed a hippocampal anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of Oxo treatment in both basal conditions and anti-inflammatory in the CRS rat model.
Development of experimental silicosis in inbred and outbred mice depends on instillation volume
Authors: Mayeux Jessica M. , Kono Dwight H. , Pollard Kenneth Michael
Published: October 2019

There is considerable variation in methods to induce experimental silicosis with the effects of dose and route of exposure being well documented. However, to what extent the volume of silica suspension alters the dispersion and severity of silicosis has not been adequately investigated. In this study, the optimal volume of a crystalline silica suspension required to obtain uniform distribution and greatest incidence and severity of silicosis was determined in inbred and outbred mice. Silica dispersal, detected by co-inspiration with India ink and polarized light microscopy, was highly dependent upon volume. Furthermore, although peribronchitis, perivasculitis, and increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell numbers were detected a lower doses and volumes, significant alveolitis required exposure to 5 mg of silica in 50 μl. This dose and volume of transoral instillation led to a greater penetrance of silicosis in the genetically heterogeneous Diversity Outbred strain as well as greater alveolar inflammation typical of the silicosis in human disease. These findings underscore the critical importance of instillation volume on the induction, severity, and type of inflammatory pathology in experimental silicosis.
Comparative modulation of lncRNAs in wild-type and rag1-heterozygous mutant zebrafish exposed to immune challenge with spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV)
Authors: Valenzuela-Muñoz Valentina , Pereiro Patricia , Álvarez-Rodríguez Margarita , Gallardo-Escárate Cristian , Figueras Antonio , Novoa Beatriz
Published: October 2019

Although the modulation of immune-related genes after viral infection has been widely described in vertebrates, the potential implications of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in immunity are still a nascent research field. The model species zebrafish could serve as a useful organism for studying the functionality of lncRNAs due to the numerous advantages of this teleost, including the existence of numerous mutant lines. In this work, we conducted a whole-transcriptome analysis of wild-type (WT) and heterozygousrag1mutant (rag1+/−) zebrafish after infection with the pathogen spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). WT andrag1+/−zebrafish were infected with SVCV for 24 h. Kidney samples were sampled from infected and uninfected fish for transcriptome sequencing. From a total of 198,540 contigs, 12,165 putative lncRNAs were identified in zebrafish. Most of the putative lncRNAs were shared by the two zebrafish lines. However, by comparing the lncRNA profiles induced after SVCV infection in WT andrag1+/−fish, most of the lncRNAs that were significantly induced after viral challenge were exclusive to each line, reflecting a highly differential response to the virus. Analysis of the neighboring genes of lncRNAs that were exclusively modulated in WT revealed high representation of metabolism-related terms, whereas those fromrag1+/−fish showed enrichment in terms related to the adaptive immune response, among others. On the other hand, genes involved in numerous antiviral processes surrounded commonly modulated lncRNAs, as expected. These results clearly indicate that after SVCV infection in zebrafish, the expression of an array of lncRNAs with functions in different aspects of immunity is induced.
Binding to medium and long chain fatty acyls is a common property of HEAT and ARM repeat modules
Authors: Li Tie-Mei , Coan John P. , Krajewski Krzysztof , Zhang Lichao , Elias Joshua E. , Strahl Brian D. , Gozani Or , Chua Katrin F.
Published: October 2019

Covalent post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins with acyl groups of various carbon chain-lengths regulates diverse biological processes ranging from chromatin dynamics to subcellular localization. While the YEATS domain has been found to be a prominent reader of acetylation and other short acyl modifications, whether additional acyl-lysine reader domains exist, particularly for longer carbon chains, is unclear. Here, we employed a quantitative proteomic approach using various modified peptide baits to identify reader proteins of various acyl modifications. We discovered that proteins harboring HEAT and ARM repeats bind to lysine myristoylated peptides. Recombinant HEAT and ARM repeats bind to myristoylated peptides independent of the peptide sequence or the position of the myristoyl group. Indeed, HEAT and ARM repeats bind directly to medium- and long-chain free fatty acids (MCFA and LCFA). Lipidomic experiments suggest that MCFAs and LCFAs interact with HEAT and ARM repeat proteins in mammalian cells. Finally, treatment of cells with exogenous MCFAs and inhibitors of MCFA-CoA synthases increase the transactivation activity of the ARM repeat protein β-catenin. Taken together, our results suggest an unappreciated role for fatty acids in the regulation of proteins harboring HEAT or ARM repeats.
The impact of patient sex on intensive care unit admission: a blinded randomized survey
Authors: Zettersten Erik , Jäderling Gabriella , Larsson Emma , Bell Max
Published: October 2019

The gender distribution in intensive care units is consistently found to be around 60% men and 40% women. This might be medically sound. Our main purpose with this study was to investigate if physicians admit men and women to the intensive care unit equally. We sought to answer this question using a blinded randomized survey study. We used an online survey tool, with a hyperlink on European society of intensive care medicine webpage. Responders were randomized to either a critical care case Jane or a critical care case John, otherwise identical. The responders were asked if they would admit Jane/John to an intensive care unit, yes or no. Possible differences in admittance rate on the basis of the gender of the patient were analysed. In addition, we analysed if the gender of the responder affected admittance rate, regardless of the gender of the patient. 70.1% of the responders randomized to the John case opted to admit, vs. 68.3% of the responders randomized to the Jane case, p = 0.341. Regardless the gender of the patient, 70.1% of male responders opted to admit the patient, vs. 69.7% of female responders, p = 0.886. In this blinded randomized multicentre survey study, we could not demonstrate any difference in willingness to admit a patient to ICU, solely based on the gender of the patient. Patient gender as a factor for ICU admittance. A blinded randomized survey.
A nano-sized chitosan particle based electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive detection ofP. aeruginosa
Authors: Sarabaegi Masoumeh , Roushani Mahmoud
Published: October 2019

In this research, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with nano-sized chitosan particles (NCs) by the drop-casting method for ultrasensitive detection ofPseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa).
Direct synthesis of an anionic 13-vertex closo-cobaltacarborane cluster
Authors: Maier Thomas M. , Coburger Peter , van Leest Nicolaas P. , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie , Wolf Robert
Published: October 2019

Reaction of 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ortho-carborane (L) with [K(thf){(MesBIAN)Co(η4-cod)}] (1, MesBIAN = bis(mesityliminoacenaphthene)diimine, cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) affords an anionic 13-vertex closo-cobaltacarborane cluster (2) in one step.
In situ transformation of hydraulic fracturing surfactants from well injection to produced water
Authors: McAdams Brandon C. , Carter Kimberly E. , Blotevogel Jens , Borch Thomas , Hakala J. Alexandra
Published: October 2019

Chemical changes to hydraulic fracturing fluids within fractured unconventional reservoirs may affect hydrocarbon recovery and, in turn, the environmental impact of unconventional oil and gas development.
Crocin-I ameliorates the disruption of lipid metabolism and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota induced by chronic corticosterone in mice
Authors: Xie Xiaoxian , Xiao Qingfeng , Xiong Ze , Yu Chunan , Zhou Jiafeng , Fu Zhengwei
Published: October 2019

Crocin-I mitigates the side effects of glucocorticoids treatment, mainly in reducing hepatic lipid metabolism disorder and dysbiosis of gut microbiota.
Isolation of strawberry anthocyanin-rich fractions and their mechanisms of action against murine breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Mazzoni Luca , Giampieri Francesca , Alvarez Suarez Jose Miguel , Gasparrini Massimiliano , Mezzetti Bruno , Forbes Hernandez Tamara Yuliett , Battino Maurizio Antonio
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of strawberry anthocyanin extract treatment on twoin vitromodels of murine breast cancer cell lines, in an attempt to detect a specific pathway through which strawberries exert anticancer activity.
A dual factor activated metal–organic framework hybrid nanoplatform for photoacoustic imaging and synergetic photo-chemotherapy
Authors: Zhu Wenxiang , Chen Mei , Liu Yongchun , Tian Yueyue , Song Zhiling , Song Guosheng , Zhang Xiaobing
Published: October 2019

A dual factor activated metal–organic framework hybrid nanoplatform encapsulating with 2D Pd nanosheets and DOX was developed for photoacoustic imaging and synergetic photo-chemotherapy.
Eu-based coordination polymer microrods for low-loss optical waveguiding application
Authors: Song Meina , Dang Yangyang , Dong Jie , Zhang Xiaotao , Lei Shengbin , Hu Wenping
Published: October 2019

Eu-based coordination polymers with one-dimensional microrod crystal morphology exhibit a typical optical waveguiding behavior with a low loss coefficient (0.00894 dB μm−1) during propagation.
Palladium-catalyzed direct C2-arylation of azoles with aromatic triazenes
Authors: Liu Can , Wang Zhiming , Wang Lei , Li Pinhua , Zhang Yicheng
Published: October 2019

An efficient palladium-catalyzed arylation of oxazoles, thiazoles, imidazoles, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and oxazolines at the C2-position using 1-aryltriazenes as aryl reagents was developed.
A three-component approach to isoxazolines and isoxazoles under metal-free conditions
Authors: Wang Dahan , Zhang Feng , Xiao Fuhong , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: October 2019

A 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 2-methylquinoline, tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) and alkynes or alkenes for the synthesis of biheteroaryls containing both isoxazoline/isoxazole and quinoline motifs has been developed.
Self-assembly of chiral supra-amphiphiles
Authors: Ouyang Guanghui , Liu Minghua
Published: October 2019

The concept, design strategy and self-assembly of chiral supra-amphiphiles were summarized in this review article.
Exploration of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions to construct the core skeleton of Calyciphylline A-type alkaloids
Authors: Zhong Jiaxin , He Haibing , Gao Shuanhu
Published: October 2019

Nitrone induced 1,3-dipolar [3 + 2] cycloadditions were studied to construct the core structure of Calyciphylline A-type Daphniphyllum alkaloids.
Selective removal of silver(i) using polymer inclusion membranes containing calixpyrroles
Authors: Nowik-Zajac Anna , Zawierucha Iwona , Kozlowski Cezary
Published: October 2019

The transport of Ag(i) across polymer inclusion membranes is reported with derivatives of calixpyrroles with methyl (KP1) and carboxyl (KP2) groups as ion carriers, o-nitrophenyl pentyl ether as a plasticizer and cellulose triacetate as support.
Pt and RhPt dendritic nanowires and their potential application as anodic catalysts for fuel cells
Authors: Kehoe Daniel K. , McCarthy Sarah A. , Romeral Luis , Lyons Michael G. , Gun'ko Yurii K.
Published: October 2019

Fuel cells have a number of benefits over conventional combustion-based technologies and can be used in a range of important applications, including transportation, as well as stationary, portable and emergency backup power systems.
Kinetics and pathways of diclofenac degradation by heat-activated persulfate
Authors: Shi Hongle , Zhou Gaofeng , Liu Yiqing , Fu Yongsheng , Wang Hongbin , Wu Peng
Published: October 2019

In this study, the degradation of diclofenac (DCF) by heat-activated persulfate (HAP) was investigated.
Recyclable carbon fibre composites enabled by cystine containing epoxy matrices
Authors: Henriksen Martin L. , Friis Jakob E. , Voss Astrid , Hinge Mogens
Published: October 2019

Carbon fiber composites are recyclable under mild conditions by using a bio-based additive in an epoxy system. Optimal conditions are investigated and even low additive amounts render the composite recyclable proven by multiple dismantling cycles.
Synthesis of ethanol from aryl methyl ether/lignin, CO2 and H2
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Qian Qingli , Wang Ying , Asare Bediako Bernard Baffour , Yan Jiang , Han Buxing
Published: October 2019

Ethanol is produced from aryl methyl ether/lignin, CO2 and H2, which is a new and promising route.
Micropores-in-macroporous gel polymer electrolytes for alkali metal batteries
Authors: Khani Hadi , Kalami Somayyeh , Goodenough John B.
Published: October 2019

Micropores-in-macroporous polymer membranes containing an immobilized-liquid electrolyte enable dendrite-free alkali metal batteries.
Pickering nano-emulsions stabilized by solid lipid nanoparticles as a temperature sensitive drug delivery system
Authors: Dieng Sidy Mouhamed , Anton Nicolas , Bouriat Patrick , Thioune Oumar , Sy Papa Mady , Massaddeq Nadia , Enharrar Said , Diarra Mounibé , Vandamme Thierry
Published: October 2019

The development of biomaterials with low environmental impact has seen increased interest in recent years.
The influence of device handles in single-molecule experiments
Authors: Bellino Luca , Florio Giuseppe , Puglisi Giuseppe
Published: October 2019

We deduce a fully analytical model to predict the artifacts due to the stiffness of device handles in single molecule force spectroscopy experiments.
Enhanced cluster lensing models with measured galaxy kinematics
Authors: Bergamini P. , Rosati P. , Mercurio A. , Grillo C. , Caminha G. B. , Meneghetti M. , Agnello A. , Biviano A. , Calura F. , Giocoli C. , Lombardi M. , Rodighiero G. , Vanzella E.
Published: October 2019

We present an improved determination of the total mass distribution of three massive clusters from the Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble and Hubble Frontier Fields, MACS J1206.2−0847 (z = 0.44), MACS J0416.1−2403 (z = 0.40), Abell S1063 (z = 0.35). We specifically reconstructed the sub-halo mass component with robust stellar kinematics information of cluster galaxies, in combination with precise strong lensing models based on large samples of spectroscopically identified multiple images. We used integral-field spectroscopy in the cluster cores, from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer on the Very Large Telescope, to measure the stellar velocity dispersion, σ, of 40−60 member galaxies per cluster, covering four to five magnitudes to mF160W ≃ 21.5. We verified the robustness and quantified the accuracy of the velocity dispersion measurements with extensive spectral simulations. With these data, we determined the normalization and slope of the galaxy L–σ Faber–Jackson relation in each cluster and used these parameters as a prior for the scaling relations of the sub-halo population in the mass distribution modeling. When compared to our previous lens models, the inclusion of member galaxies’ kinematics provides a similar precision in reproducing the positions of the multiple images. However, the inherent degeneracy between the central effective velocity dispersion, σ0, and truncation radius, rcut, of sub-halos is strongly reduced, thus significantly alleviating possible systematics in the measurements of sub-halo masses. The three independent determinations of the σ0 − rcut scaling relation in each cluster are found to be fully consistent, enabling a statistical determination of sub-halo sizes as a function of σ0, or halo masses. Finally, we derived the galaxy central velocity dispersion functions of the three clusters projected within 16% of their virial radius, finding that they are well in agreement with each other. We argue that such a methodology, when applied to high-quality kinematics and strong lensing data, allows the sub-halo mass functions to be determined and compared with those obtained from cosmological simulations.
Exoplanet characterisation in the longest known resonant chain: the K2-138 system seen by HARPS
Authors: Lopez T. A. , Barros S. C. C. , Santerne A. , Deleuil M. , Adibekyan V. , Almenara J.-M. , Armstrong D. J. , Brugger B. , Barrado D. , Bayliss D. , Boisse I. , Bonomo A. S. , Bouchy F. , Brown D. J. A. , Carli E. , Demangeon O. , Dumusque X. , Díaz R. F. , Faria J. P. , Figueira P. , Foxell E. , Giles H. , Hébrard G. , Hojjatpanah S. , Kirk J. , Lillo-Box J. , Lovis C. , Mousis O. , da Nóbrega H. J. , Nielsen L. D. , Neal J. J. , Osborn H. P. , Pepe F. , Pollacco D. , Santos N. C. , Sousa S. G. , Udry S. , Vigan A. , Wheatley P. J.
Published: October 2019

The detection of low-mass transiting exoplanets in multiple systems brings new constraints to planetary formation and evolution processes and challenges the current planet formation theories. Nevertheless, only a mere fraction of the small planets detected byKeplerand K2 have precise mass measurements, which are mandatory to constrain their composition. We aim to characterise the planets that orbit the relatively bright star K2-138. This system is dynamically particular as it presents the longest chain known to date of planets close to the 3:2 resonance. We obtained 215 HARPS spectra from which we derived the radial-velocity variations of K2-138. Via a joint Bayesian analysis of both the K2 photometry and HARPS radial-velocities (RVs), we constrained the parameters of the six planets in orbit. The masses of the four inner planets, from b to e, are 3.1, 6.3, 7.9, and 13.0M⊕with a precision of 34, 20, 18, and 15%, respectively. The bulk densities are 4.9, 2.8, 3.2, and 1.8 g cm−3, ranging from Earth to Neptune-like values. For planets f and g, we report upper limits. Finally, we predict transit timing variations of the order two to six minutes from the masses derived. Given its peculiar dynamics, K2-138 is an ideal target for transit timing variation (TTV) measurements from space with the upcoming CHaracterizing ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) to study this highly-packed system and compare TTV and RV masses.
Lässt sich eine dauerhafte Katheterversorgung bei geriatrischen Patienten mit Harnverhalt oder chronischer Harnretention durch eine 180-W-XPS-Greenlight-Lasertherapie der Prostata vermeiden?
Authors: Knoblauch Matilda , Wiedemann Andreas , Heppner Hans-Jürgen
Published: October 2019

Hintergrund Geriatrische, multimorbide, immobile Patienten erhalten nach Harnverhalt oder bei signifikanter Restharnbildung häufig einen suprapubischen Katheter (SPK) auf Lebenszeit. Eine transurethrale Prostataoperation erscheint bei diesen Patienten einerseits zu risikoreich, andererseits wird die Chance auf die Restitution der Spontanmiktion als gering erachtet.

Methode Es wurde bei 48 Patienten aus dem Zeitraum von 1/2015 und 6/2016, die ursprünglich einen SPK als lebenslange Harnableitung erhalten sollten und bei denen zusätzlich eine 180-Watt-XPS™-Greenlight-Laserung vorgenommen wurde, eine retrospektive Analyse vorgenommen. Geklärt werden sollte, wie oft und wann eine spätere Entfernung des SPKs möglich war und welche Einflussfaktoren die erfolgreiche spätere Entfernung vorhersagen.

Ergebnisse Die untersuchten Patienten mit einem mittleren Alter von 75,46 Jahren hatten bei Aufnahme einen ISAR-Punktwert von 2,5 (0 – 6). Dies weist auf einen geriatrischen Handlungsbedarf hin. Die Patienten wiesen im Mittel 7,676 Diagnosen lt. Entlassungsbrief (2 – 27) und 14,85 Diagnosen (1 – 27) lt. DRG-Datensatz auf. Sie nahmen 6,77 Medikamente ein (0 – 14). Das mittlere Restharnvolumen betrug 600 (300 – 2 800) ml, das mittlere Prostatavolumen betrug 38 ccm (35 – 75 ccm). Bei 63,2 % dieser Patienten war nach einer mittleren Zeit von 52,39 Tagen (3 – 365) die Entfernung des simultan angelegten suprapubischen Katheters unter ambulanten Bedingungen möglich. Faktoren, die die erfolgreiche spätere Katheterentfernung vorhersagten, waren „geriatrische Gesichtspunkte“ wie der ISAR-Punktwert bei Aufnahme (p = 0,001), die Anzahl der Diagnosen im Entlassungsbrief (p = 0,023) und im DRG-Datensatz (p = 0,002), die Anzahl der Medikamente im Entlassungsbrief (p = 0,015), der Hilfebedarf (p = 0,001) und der Unterbringungsstatus im Heim (p = 0,008). Jede zusätzliche Medikation über den Mittelwert von 6,77 Substanzen hinaus verschlechterte die Chance auf eine erfolgreiche Katheterentfernung um 50 %).

Schlussfolgerung Bei 63,2 % der ursprünglich nur für eine suprapubische Katheteranlage vorgesehenen Patienten konnte eine simultan durchgeführte 180-Watt-XPS-Greenlight-Laserung der Prostata die lebenslange Katheteranlage vermeiden. Dies hat positive Einflüsse auf die Lebensqualität, die Vermeidung von Katheterkomplikationen und nicht zuletzt die entstehenden Kosten. Faktoren, die die erfolgreiche Katheterentfernung vorhersagen, sind entgegen der Erwartung nicht urologische Messwerte wie Restharnvolumen oder Prostatagröße, sondern geriatrische Aspekte wie der ISAR-Score, die Multimorbidität oder Multimedikation. Diese sollten in eine entsprechende Therapieentscheidung Eingang finden.
Hüftgelenkdysplasie beim Hund – Chancen und Risiken
Authors: Zohmann Andreas , Grußendorf Carsten , Diekmann Hanna , Büning Veit Kleine
Published: October 2019

In Deutschland leiden rund 250 000 Hunde an Hüftgelenkdysplasie (HD). Je früher man die Krankheit erkennt und tätig wird, desto größer ist die Chance, Folgeschäden zu verhindern und ein weitgehend schmerzfreies Leben zu ermöglichen. Mit Physiotherapie können sowohl prophylaktisch unterstützend als auch postoperativ gute Erfolge erzielt werden. Doch welche physiotherapeutischen Maßnahmen sind wann sinnvoll? Was ist postoperativ zu beachten?
Time Trends in Prevalence of Anemia in Preschool Children in India
Authors: Kalaivani K. , Ramachandran Prema
Published: October 2019

Introduction Anemia is a major public health problem in Indian children. India introduced iron-folic acid supplementation for preschool children in the 1970s. In 1990, the component of detection and treatment of anemia was added. It is important to assess the impact of these programs on the prevalence of anemia in preschool children.

Materials and Methods Prevalence of anemia in preschool children at the national and state level was tabulated from National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2, 3, and 4 national and state reports. Raw data from NFHS 2, 3, 4; District Level Household Survey (DLHS) 2 and 4; and Annual Health Survey and its Clinical Anthropometric and Biochemical component (AHS CAB) were analyzed to find out the changes in mean Hb, prevalence of anemia, and frequency distribution of Hb.

Results Compared with NFHS 2, there was a 5% increase in prevalence of anemia, 0.3 g/dL fall in mean Hb levels, and a small shift to the left in frequency distribution of Hb levels in NFHS 3. There was a 10% reduction in prevalence of anemia in NFHS 4 as compared with NFHS 3. Comparison between DLHS 2, DLHS 4, and AHS CAB showed that there was a 15 to 20% reduction in prevalence of anemia, approximately 1 g/dL increase in mean Hb and a shift to the right in distribution of Hb levels.

Conclusion There has been some improvement in Hb levels in preschool children in the last decade, but prevalence of anemia continues to be very high. Effective implementation of the comprehensive package of interventions recommended in National Iron Plus Initiative (NIPI) guidelines is urgently needed to achieve rapid and sustained reduction in anemia.
The Experiences of Medical Graduates to Peer Teaching in a Large Group
Authors: Dixit Shilpi G. , Singh Brijendra , Potaliya Pushpa , Ghatak Surajit
Published: October 2019

Medical education is persisting to be chiefly structured around faculty authority and didactic lectures. This upholds idiosyncratic spirited milieu rather than the two-way ones desirable for the relevance in current clinical practice. The present study was set to refurbish the at hand scenario by the assimilation of active learning strategy as seminars in human anatomy curriculum of medical undergraduate program. The underlying purpose of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of varied modalities of active learning stratagem. The aim was also to construct an interactive two-way classroom prospects for thorough understanding, conceptualizing, problem solving, and utilizing student oriented presentations to elucidate multifarious subject concepts in an easy and de novo approach. The study was conducted on First Professional MBBS students in the Department of Anatomy at the Institute by a seminar activity for active comprehension followed by student feedback. A qualitative and quantitative analysis was done where close-ended questions were concerned with the usefulness of the activity and significant aspects related to the understanding of anatomy. The scores for student feedback were graded in a five-point Likert's scale. The institutional experience of facilitators of this tertiary care institution and their efforts in successful implementation of seminar activity have set an example and responsibility for the medical educators all over the globe to use more and more of such instructional approaches.
Quantitative compensation design for prosthetic socket based on eigenvector algorithm method
Authors: Li Sujiao , Lan He , Luo Xueqin , Lv Yongbing , Gao Lin , Yu Hongliu
Published: October 2019

The incidence of lower limb amputation has increased in recent years. Prosthesis is the most important assistive device to compensate for limb defects in amputation patients and restore their abilities. The prosthetic socket is a key component connecting the residual limb and the prosthesis, with a direct effect on the function of the prosthesis and the patient’s comfort. As prosthetic socket design relies on the personal experience of prosthetists, this study explored an optimized prosthetic socket design method that combined the experiences of multiple prosthetists. The eigenvector algorithm was adopted to optimize the factors influencing prosthetic socket design and their quantitative compensations based on the design experience of prosthetists. Clinical assessments indicated that the proposed socket design method substantially improved fitting effects. This quantitative compensation design for prosthetic sockets will help overcome the limitations of traditional prosthetic socket design, which will be of great importance in improving the design accuracy and efficiency of prosthetic sockets.
On the limitations of hybrid particle-in-cell for ion thruster plume simulations
Authors: Wang Joseph , Hu Yuan
Published: October 2019

A commonly used approach to simulate ion thruster plumes is a hybrid particle-in-cell (PIC) with the Boltzmann relation to model electrons. The limitations of such an approach are investigated by benchmarking hybrid PIC against fully kinetic PIC simulations using the real Xe+ to electron mass ratio (mi/me = 241073). The results show that both full PIC and hybrid PIC lead to similar plume density structures but very different plume potentials. If one could ignore the ion beam neutralization region near the thruster exit, the main physics missing from a hybrid PIC plume model is that from the anisotropic electron characteristics. Including the beam neutralization region leads to further changes in electron temperature and plume potential. Compared to full PIC simulations, the hybrid PIC model results in an overestimation of the plume potential by about 30%–40% in the transverse direction for the simulations considered. Since the electrons in the plume are nonequilibrium and anisotropic, simply replacing the Boltzmann relation with the more general polytropic thermodynamic relation for electrons in a hybrid PIC plume model will not lead to a significant improvement in accuracy.
Enhanced magneto-electric coupling and energy storage analysis in Mn-modified lead free BiFeO3-BaTiO3 solid solutions
Authors: Dabas Samiksha , Kumar Manish , Chaudhary Prachi , Thakur O. P.
Published: October 2019

The present study pertains to magnetoelectric coupling and energy storage analysis of (1 − x)BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3-xBaTiO3 (BFMO-BT) with x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 lead free solid solutions. BFMO-BT solid solutions possessed a cubic structure as confirmed from powder XRD and the Rietveld refinement. A maximum ferroelectric polarization of 0.82 μC/cm2 was observed in BFMO-0.3BT. BFMO-0.3BT exhibited a maximum energy storage density (WU) of 1.97 J/cm3 and an energy conversion efficiency of 81.7%. Enhanced bulk magnetization was associated with the lattice defects; however, it decreased with increased BT content. For BFMO-0.3BT, temperature dependent susceptibility, dielectric measurement, and differential scanning calorimetry measurement revealed the magnetic transition temperature to be 275 °C, 293 °C, and 223 °C, respectively. The linear magnetoelectric coupling coefficient was measured by quantifying change in maximum polarization with respect to the applied magnetic field and was found to be 28.55 mV cm−1 Oe for BFMO-0.3BT. Conductivity measurements of BFMO-0.3BT revealed a maximum value of activation energy, i.e., 0.21 eV at 1 kHz.
Surface chemistry and electrochemistry of an ionic liquid and lithium on Li4Ti5O12(111)—A model study of the anode|electrolyte interface
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Weber Isabella , Buchner Florian , Schnaidt Johannes , Behm R. Jürgen
Published: October 2019

Aiming at a detailed molecular understanding of the initial stage of the solid|electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in Li-ion batteries, we have investigated the interaction of the battery-relevant ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSI]) (solvent/electrolyte) and Li (Li+ ion shuttle) on well-defined Li-poor Li4Ti5O12(111) and Li-rich Li4.3Ti5O12(111) surfaces/electrodes in a combined surface science and electrochemical model study. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements reveal that postdeposition of Li0 under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions on a Li-poor Li4Ti5O12(111) surface precovered with a molecularly adsorbed [BMP][TFSI] adlayer leads to little IL decomposition at 80 and 300 K. We assume that most of the Li diffuses through the IL adlayer and rapidly inserts into the Li4Ti5O12(111) bulk. More pronounced IL decomposition was obtained upon IL deposition on a Li-rich Li4.3Ti5O12 phase at 80 K and subsequent heating to 300 K. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) recorded on the Li4Ti5O12(111) electrodes in Li-TFSI/[BMP][TFSI] indicate an almost reversible Li (de-)insertion, with a slight decay of the amount of (de-)inserted Li with increasing cycle number. XPS measurements performed on the electrode after potential cycling show low intensity signals of IL decomposition products, in addition to dominant signals from residual IL electrolyte, which are related to reaction of the adsorbed IL with Li inserted into/extracted from Li4Ti5O12 during the CV. The results indicate a close similarity between IL decomposition products formed under UHV and under electrochemical conditions, underlining the validity of this experimental approach and the potential of such kind of model studies for obtaining detailed understanding of the SEI formation.
Frequency compensation for resistive voltage divider using specially shaped inner conductor
Authors: Shi Huantong , Chen Ziwei , Wu Jian , Li Xingwen
Published: October 2019

The main factor that slows down the high-frequency response of a resistive voltage divider (RVD) is the distributed stray capacitance (Cg) between the high-voltage-arm (HVA) and the grounded conductors, due to the charging and discharging of Cg through the high resistance RH of the HVA with characteristic time RHCg. Based on a RVD consisted of ceramic tube resistors, a compensation method utilizing the distributed capacitance between a specially shaped inner conductor and the HVA was proposed in this paper, which is more compact than grading rings and can work well with grounded shielding. The method was verified by electromagnetic simulation, which indicated a bandwidth improvement from 3 MHz to more than 1 GHz for the prototype RVD with grounded shielding. Experimental results showed that the 10%–90% rise time for a step input was improved by the compensating electrode from ∼90 ns to 1.25 ns. The main drawback of the method is the possible degradation of insulation when precise compensation is required.
Extension of the subgrid-scale gradient model for compressible magnetohydrodynamics turbulent instabilities
Authors: Viganò Daniele , Aguilera-Miret Ricard , Palenzuela Carlos
Published: October 2019

Performing accurate large eddy simulations in compressible, turbulent magnetohydrodynamics (MHDs) is more challenging than in nonmagnetized fluids due to the complex interplay between kinetic, magnetic, and internal energy at different scales. Here, we extend the subgrid-scale gradient model, so far used in the momentum and induction equations, to also account for the unresolved scales in the energy evolution equation of a compressible ideal MHD fluid with a generic equation of state. We assess the model by considering box simulations of the turbulence triggered across a shear layer by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, testing cases where the small-scale dynamics cannot be fully captured by the resolution considered, such that the efficiency of the simulated dynamo effect depends on the resolution employed. This lack of numerical convergence is actually a currently common issue in several astrophysical problems, where the integral and fastest-growing-instability scales are too far apart to be fully covered numerically. We perform a priori and a posteriori tests of the extended gradient model. In the former, we find that, for many different initial conditions and resolutions, the gradient model outperforms other commonly used models in terms of correlation with the residuals coming from the filtering of a high-resolution run. In the second test, we show how a low-resolution run with the gradient model is able to quantitatively reproduce the evolution of the magnetic energy (the integrated value and the spectral distribution) coming from higher-resolution runs. This extension is the first step toward the implementation in relativistic MHDs.
Real-time density-matrix coupled-cluster approach for closed and open systems at finite temperature
Authors: Shushkov Philip , Miller Thomas F.
Published: October 2019

We extend the coupled-cluster method to correlated quantum dynamics of both closed and open systems at finite temperatures using the thermofield formalism. The approach expresses the time-dependent density matrix in an exponential ansatz and describes time-evolution along the Keldysh path contour. A distinct advantage of the approach is exact trace-preservation as a function of time, ensuring conservation of probability and particle number. Furthermore, the method avoids the computation of correlated bra-states, simplifying the computational implementation. We develop the method in a thermal quasiparticle representation, which allows seamless connection to the projection method and diagrammatic techniques of the traditional coupled-cluster formalism. For comparison, we also apply the thermofield framework to the density-matrix renormalization-group method to obtain reference results for closed and open systems at finite temperature. We test the singles and doubles approximation to the density-matrix coupled-cluster method on the correlated electronic dynamics of the single-impurity Anderson model, demonstrating that the new method successfully captures the correlated dynamics of both closed systems at finite temperature and driven-dissipative open systems. This encouraging performance motivates future applications to nonequilibrium quantum many-body dynamics in realistic systems.
Structural effects of cap, crack, and intrinsic curvature on the microtubule catastrophe kinetics
Authors: Lee Cheng-Tai , Terentjev Eugene M.
Published: October 2019

Microtubules (MTs) experience an effect called “catastrophe,” which is the transition from the MT growth to a sudden dramatic shrinkage in length. The straight guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-tubulin cap at the filament tip and the intrinsic curvature of guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulins are known to be the key thermodynamic factors that determine MT catastrophe, while the hydrolysis of this GTP-cap acts as the kinetic control of the process. Although several theoretical models have been developed, assuming the catastrophe occurs when the GTP-cap shrinks to a minimal stabilizing size, the structural effect of the GTP-cap and GDP-curvature is not explicitly included; thus, their influence on catastrophe kinetics remains less understood. To investigate this structural effect, we apply a single-protofilament model with one GTP-cap while assuming a random hydrolysis mechanism and take the occurrence of a crack in the lateral bonds between neighboring protofilaments as the onset of the catastrophe. Therein, we find the effective potential of the tip along the peel-off direction and formulate the catastrophe kinetics as a mean first-passage time problem, subject to thermal fluctuations. We consider cases with and without a compressive force on the MT tip, both of which give a quadratic effective potential, making MT catastrophe an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process in our formalism. In the free-standing case, the mean catastrophe time has a sensitive tubulin-concentration dependence, similar to a double-exponential function, and agrees well with the experiment. For a compressed MT, we find a modified exponential function of force that shortens the catastrophe time.
Mining for protein S-sulfenylation in
Arabidopsis
uncovers redox-sensitive sites
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Willems Patrick , Wei Bo , Tian Caiping , Ferreira Renan B. , Bodra Nandita , Martínez Gache Santiago Agustín , Wahni Khadija , Liu Keke , Vertommen Didier , Gevaert Kris , Carroll Kate S. , Van Montagu Marc , Yang Jing , Van Breusegem Frank , Messens Joris
Published: October 2019

Hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) is an important messenger molecule for diverse cellular processes. H
2
O
2
oxidizes proteinaceous cysteinyl thiols to sulfenic acid, also known as S-sulfenylation, thereby affecting the protein conformation and functionality. Although many proteins have been identified as S-sulfenylation targets in plants, site-specific mapping and quantification remain largely unexplored. By means of a peptide-centric chemoproteomics approach, we mapped 1,537 S-sulfenylated sites on more than 1,000 proteins in
Arabidopsis thaliana
cells. Proteins involved in RNA homeostasis and metabolism were identified as hotspots for S-sulfenylation. Moreover, S-sulfenylation frequently occurred on cysteines located at catalytic sites of enzymes or on cysteines involved in metal binding, hinting at a direct mode of action for redox regulation. Comparison of human and
Arabidopsis
S-sulfenylation datasets provided 155 conserved S-sulfenylated cysteines, including Cys181 of the
Arabidopsis
MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE4 (AtMAPK4) that corresponds to Cys161 in the human MAPK1, which has been identified previously as being S-sulfenylated. We show that, by replacing Cys181 of recombinant AtMAPK4 by a redox-insensitive serine residue, the kinase activity decreased, indicating the importance of this noncatalytic cysteine for the kinase mechanism. Altogether, we quantitatively mapped the S-sulfenylated cysteines in
Arabidopsis
cells under H
2
O
2
stress and thereby generated a comprehensive view on the S-sulfenylation landscape that will facilitate downstream plant redox studies.
Superintegrability of the Dunkl–Coulomb problem in three-dimensions
Authors: Ghazouani Sami , Insaf Sboui
Published: October 2019

The superintegrability of the Dunkl–Coulomb model in three-dimensions is studied. The symmetry operators generalizing the Runge–Lenz vector operator are given. Together with the Dunkl angular momentum operators and reflection operators they generate the symmetry algebra of the Dunkl–Coulomb Hamiltonian which is a deformation of

by reflections for bound states and is a deformation of

by reflections for positive energy states. The spectrum of the Hamiltonian is derived algebraically using this symmetry algebra. The analog of the functional relation between the Coulomb Hamiltonian, Runge–Lenz operator and the angular momentum is given.
Production of methanol from biogas using methanotrophs for the application in a microbial fuel cell
Authors: Kumar Alok , Ramanathan Anand
Published: October 2019

Methane is available in abundance as natural and renewable gas. Methane-rich biogas has low power density so cannot be considered as a good substrate for the microbial fuel cell. The power density of methane-rich biogas can be increased by its conversion to methanol. Two-step strategy has been followed for the production of methanol from methane-rich biogas and its utilization in a microbial fuel cell. Methanol production using methanotrophs is an attractive way for the valorisation of waste-derived biogas. Besides this, methanotrophs have been used in converting the methane-rich biogas into a variety of bioproducts which include single cell protein, polyhydroxyalkanoate bioplastics, biodiesel, extracellular polysaccharides, propylene oxide, and human health supplements. This paper focusses on the biological conversion of methanol in which solid-state anaerobic digestate can be used for the isolation of methanotrophic bacterium. A fresh isolate possesses the characteristics which resembled to constrained methanotrophs from the methylocaldum genus. This freshly new isolated methanotroph evolved on purified methane or biogas and successful production of methanol is accomplished from the biogas. This study also deals with the effect of formate and various inhibitors of methanol dehydrogenase for the biological conversion of methanol and where the formate act as an electron donor. But isolate produced methanol without any electron donor with the help of phosphate. Moreover, isolate also produced methanol without methanol dehydrogenase inhibitor by the use of formate. The maximum quantity of methanol consists of an optimum quantity of formate and phosphate as a growth medium. This study reveals an efficient conversion of methanol from biogas using solid-state anaerobic digestate. The produced methanol will not go for the purification process and can be used directly in a microbial fuel cell for the power generation purpose.