bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Radiant Gist
Authors: Bremen Brian A
Published: November 2023

As Burke himself would say at this point, “And now where are we?” ln the previous chapters l have tried to show how the mechanism that Williams establishes in his writing between prose and poetry attempts to distinguish between a use of language that relies on a previously established grammar to determine meaning and one that attempts to create a new grammar, what Wittgenstein would call a ‘‘new form of life,’’ in a moment of discovery. This act of discovery relies on a process analogous to an empathic identification with people, things, words, or ideas in an act of self-creation that maintains the integrity of both self and object. In using this mechanism both to re-create and to demonstrate an act of discovery, Williams also attempts to restructure cognitive, epistemological, psychological, medical, and political conventions by opposing what I have called a “grammar of transference” with a ‘‘grammar of translation.’’
Development-Amplification of Latent Image
Authors: Tani Tadaaki
Published: November 2023

Photographic development is a process that amplifies a latent image formed according to the mechanisms of photographic sensitivity described in the previous chapters, and is important in relation to photographic sensitivity and image quality from the following viewpoints.
Spies Between the Wars: 1930-1939
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

The Great Depression brought the political, economic, and social turmoil that was instrumental in Hitler’s rise to power and the worldwide tragedy that followed. Developments in the world of intelligence reflected these events. German and Japanese intelligence expanded to meet the requirements of their nations’ aggressive foreign policies. As Germany and Japan became more obviously a world menace, the intelligence establishments of the United States, Great Britain, and France expanded their operations to cope with the increasingly hostile international environment.
The Year of the Spy
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

Between late November and early December, following a bizarre week in which three major spy arrests were made, the American media began referring to 1985 as the “year of the spy.” The arrests followed several major spy cases earlier in the year. In September a former CIA employee suspected of having revealed CIA operations to the KGB had escaped an FBI dragnet. And in June there had been arrests associated with a naval spy ring, which reportedly did devastating damage to the U.S. Navy.The year was made all the more unusual by the defection and redefection, in a matter of months, of a KGB official. He left behind clues that resulted in one of the November arrests and a controversy over whether there had indeed been a defection. Meanwhile, another KGB official’s defection represented a clear triumph for the West.
The Changing Status of Negro Labor
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

I am down to speak on the changing status of Negro labor. It might be well, in a dozen words, to trace the change in the status of the Negro during his history in this country, because it has a bearing on what I wish to say on the topic assigned to me. The Negro in America has passed through four distinct and well marked epochs. The first began with the landing of twent-odd naked savages on the shores of Virginia in 1619. The second had for its duration the great war in which he gained his physical freedom. The third was marked by the change in the organic law of the land which conferred upon him the rights of citizenship. And today he is going through a fourth epoch, an epoch which began with the hurling of the German armies through Belgium; an epoch in which he sees the beginning of his economic and industrial emancipation; an epoch which !’8 big with spiritual meanings for him, because in it must be answered more fully than ever before the question, “Can full and unlimited democracy be realized for all the people, or is the hope of it a mere dream?” We shall not attempt to review these epochs historically, or to trace the course of opinion regarding the Negro from the time when it was a question as to whether or not he had a human soul and could be made susceptible to religious teaching, or whether or not he had sufficient gray matter in his skull to master the rudiments of learning and the intricacies of English speech, or whether or not he would revert to barbarism if given his freedom,
Our Democracy and the Ballot
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Ladies and Gentlemen: For some time since I have had growing apprehensions about any subject-especially the subject of a speech-that contained the word “democracy.” The word “democracy” carries so many awe-inspiring implications. As the key-word of the subject of an address it may be the presage of an outpour of altitudinous and platitudinous expressions regarding “the most free and glorious government of the most free and glorious people that the world has ever seen.” On the other hand, it may hold up its sleeve, if you will permit such a figure, a display of abstruse and recondite theorizations or hypotheses of democracy as a system of government. In choosing between either of these evils it is difficult to decide which is the lesser.
The Gentlemen’s Agreement and the Negro Vote
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

There are twelve million Negroes in the United States, born American citizens, yet they constitute the least influential and least effective political unit in the whole country. The Negro demands less by his ballot, not only in actual results but even in mere respect for himself as a voter than any of all the groups that go to make up the American citizenry; although some of these groups are far smaller in numbers and even weaker economically. For all his mass of numbers and his increase in education and wealth, the Negro remains as near being a political nonentity as is possible for a group of citizens in a country with anything that resembles a democratic form of government. This is a condition that demands analysis and study. This is emphatically true, since the Negro, more than any other group, needs whatever benefits the ballot is able to gain. There are, of course, reasons why this condition exists, and these reasons ought to be found and the facts faced. It is only by such a process that the situation can be changed and remedied. Why is it that twelve million colored Americans are, in a positive sense, a political nonentity? I say in a positive sense because, negatively, the Negro has been for a hundred years a dominant factor in politics. In the twelve states of the real South the whole structure of politics and all political activities are based on the Negro. In these states the Negro constitutes the prime and, often, the only political issue; indeed, he is the reason for politics. From each of these states men have been elected to the governorship
The legal Status of Negro Americans
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: In the few observations that I am going to try to make I want to be as clear as I possibly can, as simple and direct as I can. I want to avoid anything like heat. I am afraid it would just create a cloud in my own mind, and as far as I possibly can I want to avoid anything approaching sheer rhetoric. I think we might start out by getting back to some sort of definition. We are all concerned with what we in no better terms call the race problem. I think we ought first to consider what that is or what it is not. I think we often start with an unexpressed idea, if not an expressed idea, that the race problem is and has been always a static situation, something fixed to be worked out by some rigid factors involved, some definite conclusion. I don’t think that the race problem is that or ever has been, but the race problem rather is a very fluid thing, a very unstable thing. We might get a definition like this, instead of being a static thing, it has consisted of a series of shifting interracial situations, continually shifting, continually changing, perhaps never the same thing in any two generations, shifting today under our very eyes. We can’t recognize the shifts that are going on just before our eyes, but when we look back, we can get the perspective. Now the Negro has been-we use the term “problem” because it is the easiest, stereotyped term we can handle. The Negro has been the interrogation point in American civilization for three centuries. That was the question mark say two hundred and fifty years ago and man discussed the question quite seriously. Many books were written about it. Men talked of it on the platform. It was as to whether or not the Negro was actually a human being, whether he had a soul that was capable of religious teaching and development.
The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Preface to the Original Edition of 1912 This vivid and startlingly new picture of conditions brought about by the race question in the United States makes no special plea for the Negro, but shows in a dispassionate, though sympathetic, manner conditions as they actually exist between the whites and blacks to-day. Special pleas have already been made for and against the Negro in hundreds of books, but in these books either his virtues or his vices have been exaggerated. This is because writers, in nearly every instance, have treated the colored American as a whole; each has taken some one group of the race to prove his case. Not before has a composite and proportionate presentation of the entire race, embracing all of its various groups and elements, showing their relations with each other and to the whites, been made. It is very likely that the Negroes of the United States have a fairly correct idea of what the white people of the country think of them, for that opinion has for a long time been and is still being constantly stated; but they are themselves more or less a sphinx to the whites. It is curiously interesting and even vitally important to know what are the thoughts of ten millions of them concerning the people among whom they live. In these pages it is as though a veil had been drawn aside: the reader is given a view of the inner life of the Negro in America, is initiated into the “freemasonry,” as it were, of the race. These pages also reveal the unsuspected fact that prejudice against the Negro is exerting a pressure which, in New York and other large cities where the opportunity is open, is actually and constantly forcing an unascertainable number of fair-complexioned colored people over into the white race.
Race Prejudice and the Negro Artist
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

What Americans call the Negro problem is almost as old as America itself. For three centuries the Negro in this country has been tagged with an interrogation point; the question propounded, however, has not always been the same. Indeed, the question has run all the way from whether or not the Negro was a human being, down-or up-to whether or not the Negro shall be accorded full and unlimited American citizenship. Therefore, the Negro problem is not a problem in the sense of being a fixed proposition involving certain invariable factors and waiting to be worked out according to certain defined rules. It is not a static condition; rather, it is and always has been a series of shifting interracial situations, never precisely the same in any two generations. As these situations have shifted, the methods and manners of dealing with them have constantly changed. And never has there been such a swift and vital shift as the one which is taking place at the present moment; and never was there a more revolutionary change in attitudes than the one which is now going on.
Introduction
Authors: Fisch Audrey A , Mellor Anne K , Schor Esther H
Published: November 2023

In 1979, George Levine and U. C. Knoepflmacher’s The Endurance of Franken stein gave serious critical attention to the metaphorical and mythical meanings of Frankenstein. Interpreting the novel from a variety of perspectives—biographical, social, psychoanalytic, literary historical, generic, cinematic—the essays in The Endurance of Frankenstein strongly suggest that Franken stein, in the editors’ words, “belongs to a prophetic tradition open only, one would have thought, to mature literary imaginations. “ Despite aligning Fran—kenstein with the prophetic, philosophical fictions of Faust, Prometheus Unbound, The Brothers Karamazov, and Middlemarch, however, The Endurance of Frankenstein remains consistently circumspect about its claims for Mary Shelley.
Hot Rhythm
Authors: Collier James Lincoln
Published: November 2023

It has always been understood that the central characteristics of jazz, the sine qua non that distinguishes it from all other known kinds of music, is the rhythmic quality generally called “swing.” Jazz can be played in all sorts of harmonic systems-the standard European diatonic scheme, modes of various kinds, the pentatonic blues scale with its microtonal blue notes. It can be played on virtually any combination of instruments you want to name, employing the available range of instrumental timbres, including a number that were developed specifically for jazz music; and it can be played in almost any kind of metric system the musicians can master. But if it doesn’t swing, it isn’t jazz.
Irrationality
Authors: Mele Alfred R
Published: November 2023

Although much human action serves as proof that irrational behaviour is remarkably common, certain forms of irrationality-most incontinent action and self-deception-pose such difficult problems that philosophers have rejected them as logically or psychologically impossible. Here, Alfred Mele shows that incontinent action and self-deception are indeed possible.
The Common Touch, Or, One Size Fi1s All
Authors: Fish Stanley
Published: November 2023

When Robert Penn Warren died in the fall of 1989 the New York Times printed a lengthy and admiring obituary in which it was noted, among other things, that Warren was greatly influenced by John Crowe Ransom. No doubt the Ransom influence extended to many matters, but the Times chose to highlight only one. Ransom, it informed us with authoritative solemnity, “once pointed out the impoverishment of modem life and the handicap to a writer in the destruction of commonly held myths that had been the heritage of the Western world” (16 September 1989, p. 11). What is curious is not that Ransom’s observation (if it is his; there is no reference) is remarked, but that it has almost no relationship to what the rest of the article goes on to say about Warren, and indeed it is only by way of an obviously strained transition that the journalist is able to return to his or her putative subject. If this is a puzzle, it is a small one that registers only on someone like me who is watching for signs. The puzzle becomes less puzzling and the signs more foregrounded when one turns to another vehicle of high middlebrow journalism, The New Yorker magazine, and finds in the 21 August 1989 issue two reviews that appear on consecutive pages.
Speaking in Code, Or, How To Turn Bigotry and Ignorance Into Moral Principles
Authors: Fish Stanley
Published: November 2023

“I have a dream that one day my four little children will live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” Martin Luther King, Jr., spoke this famous sentence in his most famous speech on August 28, 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial. I wonder how he would feel if he knew that in 1992 those words and others from his various speeches and writings are being employed in the service of the racism he spent his life combating. In saying this, I might seem to impugn the motives of many who would protest that it could hardly be racism to insist on the color-blind application of the law, but of course the proof is in the pudding, and as one piece of proof let me offer the following statement: “What we want in this country is equal opportunity for everyone, not affirmative action for a few.” The author of this statement is David Duke, and everyone knows that he doesn’t mean it. That is, he isn’t really concerned with the rights and opportunities of everyone; he is concerned that people previously denied equal opportunity are now in the pro cess of gaining it, and he speaks from the position of those who fear that the efforts to empower disadvantaged minorities are being made at their expense. What he’s really saying is: “Those niggers and kikes and faggots have come far enough; it’s time to stop them before they take our jobs, cheat our children out of a place in college, and try to move in next door.” He delivers what is known as a “coded” message, but the code is not difficult to crack, and in fact it is so transparent that for all intents and purposes it is literal.
Play of Surfaces: Theory and The Law
Authors: Fish Stanley
Published: November 2023

Legal theory today circles around a set of distinctions that are more or less its content: originalism versus nonoriginalism (or originalism plus), determinacy versus indeterminacy, interpretivism versus noninterpretivism, historical versus ahistorical interpretation, etc. It is assumed by those who wield these terms (l) that the positions they name are conceptually discrete and (2) that there is a strong correlation between the stances one takes (as in “I am an originalist” or “I choose to interpret historically”) and the shape of one’s practice. Thus, for example, Michael Perry cites the recent (mis)fortunes of Robert Bork, who, he says, was “rejected as unfit for membership on the Supreme Court principally because of his positionoriginalist-on issues contested in constitutional theory.” Perry’s point is complex and involves three claims: (1) that Bork’s originalism was regarded by his opponents as a reason for rejecting him; (2) that in their eyes the relationship between his originalism and his position on specific issues was strong and even inevitable; and (3) that the relationship was in fact strong and inevitable. (“Given his originalism,” says Perry, Bork’s “deep skepticism about . . . due-process doctrine regarding reproductive rights is easy to understand.”) The first and second claims may or may not be true; what is certainly true is that originalism was something Bork avowed, and (not necessarily “therefore”) he was rejected.
Paul Deman The Poetics of Collaboration
Authors: Morrison Paul
Published: November 2023

“The Resistance to Theory,” Paul de Man’s widely influential 1982 essay, begins by noting the resistance the essay originally encountered. Commissioned by the Committee on Research Activities of the Modern Language Association for its volume Introduction to Scholarship in Modern Languages and Literatures, the piece was nevertheless judged inappropriate by the editors, who declined to print it. De Man characterizes the decision, in the version of the essay since published in the volume that shares its name, as “altogether justified, as well as interesting in its implications for the teaching of literature.” The latter point seems to me plausible; in a rather oblique fashion I shall address some of those implications here.
Comedy and Jazz: Two Sui Generis
Authors: Stokes W Royal
Published: November 2023

I became aware of good music, fortunately, in early childhood,” Steve Allen told me about fifteen years ago. We were talking in the New York NBC radio studios after his short-lived show had concluded for that afternoon. He had reentered the world of radio a few months before but soon had to give up the program because of other commitments. During the show’s run he had many jazz artists as guests, including Mel Powell, Joe Williams, Ann Jillian, Bobby Enriquez, Terry Gibbs, Adam Makowicz, and Sven Asmussen.
The Preface To The Reader
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

The Book, which has been the occasion of the insuing Poem, was presented to me by its Author, of whom, notwithstanding he has been pleas’d to treat us with the utmost Severity and Neglect, I think my self oblig’d in Justice to say, that he is a Person of Learning. What his Reasons were for using us so roughly, I know not; perhaps he did it to let us see his Wit, who has had the ill Fortune to converse with Women of ungovernable Tempers, whose Passions have got the Ascendant of their Reason; such I think cannot be too harshly treated, and the greatest kindness that can be done ‘em, is to bring ‘em (if ‘tis possible) to the Knowledge of themselves, and their Duty, and by shewing them their Faults, indeavour to depress those towring Imaginations. But ‘tis hard that all should suffer for the Failures and Indiscretions of some; that those who are willing to give up themselves intirely to the Conduct of Reason, who make it their Study to live according to the strictest Rules of Vertue, and are so far from indulging themselves in their Follies, that they esteem Reproofs as the greatest Favours that can be shown ‘em, and are contented that all Mankind should be Judges of their Actions; whom Passions cannot byass, nor Interest tempt, nor Ill Usage provoke to do or say any thing unworthy of themselves, should be rank’d with Criminals, and have no Deference pay’d ‘em: ‘Tis for their Sakes alone I have made the following Remarks. I have done it by way of Dialogue, and those Expressions which I thought would be indecent in the Mouth of a Reverend Divine, are spoken by Sir john Brute, who has all the extraordinary Qualifications of an accomplish’d Husband; and to render his Character compleat, I have given him the Religion of a Wit, and the good Humour of a Critick.
The Ladies Defence: Or, a Dialogue Between Sir john Brute, Sir William Loveall, Melissa,and a Parson
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Sir john. Welcome, thou brave Defender of our Right; ‘Till now, I thought you knew not how to Write: Dull heavy Morals did your Pens imploy; And all your business was to pall our Joy: With frightful Tales our Ears you still did grate, And we with awful Reverence heard you prate; Heard you declaim on Vice, and blame the Times, Because we impudently shar’d your Crimes; Those darling Sins you wholly wou’d ingross: And when disturb’d, and fretting at your loss, With whining Tones, and a pretended Zeal, Saw you the Rancour of your Minds Reveal: Till now, none of your Tribe were ever kind, Good Humour is alone to you confin’d; You, who against those Terrours of our Lives, Those worst of Plagues, those Furies call’d our Wives, Have shew’d your Anger in a Strain Divine, Resentment sparkles in each poignant Line.
On the Death of his Highness the Duke of Glocester
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

I’le take my Leave of Business, Noise and Care, And trust this stormy Sea no more: Condemn’d to Toil, and fed with Air, I’ve often sighing look’d towards the Shore: And when the boistrous Winds did cease, And all was still, and all was Peace, Afraid of Calms, and flatt’ring Skies, On the deceitful Waves I fixt my Eyes, And on a sudden saw the threatning Billows rise: Then trembling beg’d the Pow’rs Divine, Some little safe Retreat might be for ever mine: give, I cry’d, where e’er you please, Those Gifts which Mortals prize, Grown fond of Privacy and Ease, I now the gaudy Pomps of Life despise.
On the Vanities of this Life: A Pindarick Ode
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

What makes fond Man the trifle Life desire, And with such Ardor court his Pain? ‘Tis Madness, worse than Madness, to admire What brings Ten thousand Miseries in its Train: To each soft moment, Hours of Care succeed, And for the Pleasures of a Day, With Years of Grief we pay; So much our lasting Sorrows, our fleeting Joys exceed.
Song
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Why Damon,why, why, why so pressing? The Heart you beg’s not worth possessing: Each Look, each Word, each Smile’s affected, And inward Charms are quite neglected: Then scorn her, scorn her, foolish Swain, And sigh no more, no more in vain. Beauty’s worthless, fading, flying; Who would for Trifles think of dying? Who for a Face, a Shape, wou’d languish, And tell the Brooks, and Groves his Anguish, Till she, till she thinks fit to prize him, And all, and all beside despise him? Fix, fix you Thoughts on what’s inviting, On what will never bear the slighting: Wit and Virtue claim your Duty, They’re much more worth than Gold and Beauty: To them, to them, your Heart resign, And you’ll no more, no more repine.
To Eugenia
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Methinks I see the Golden Age agen, Drawn to the Life by your ingenious Pen: Then Kings were Shepherds, and with equal Care ‘Twixt Men and Sheep, did their Concernments share: There was no need of Rods and Axes then, Crooks rul’d the Sheep, and Virtue rul’d the Men: Then Laws were useless, for they knew no Sin, From Guilt secur’d by Innocence within: No Passion but the noblest, fill’d each Breast, They were too good to entertain the rest Love, which is now become an Art, a Trade, It self to them with all its Sweets convey’d; Indulgent Nature their kind Tutress prov’d, And as she taught, without Deceit, they lov’d: Thus did they live; thus they employ’d their Hours; Beneath cool Shades, on Banks of fragrant Flow’rs, They sat and listen’d, while their Poets sung The Praises of the Brave, the Wise, the Young;
Song: To Lerinda
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Cease, Dear Lerinda,cease admiring Why Crouds and Noise I disapprove; What e’er I see abroad is tiring; let us to some Cell remove; Where all alone our selves enjoying, Enrich’d with Innocence and Peace, On noblest Themes our Thoughts employing, Let us our inward Joys increase: And still the happy Taste pursuing, Raise our Love and Friendship higher, And thus the sacred Flames renewing, In Extasies of Bliss expire.
Song
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

When Daphne first her Shepherd saw, A sudden Trembling seiz’d her; Honour her wandring Looks did awe, She durst not view what pleas’d her. When at her Feet he sighing lay, She found her Heart complying; Yet wou’d not to her Love give way, To save her Swain from dying. The little God stood laughing by To see her dextrous feigning; He bid the blushing Fair comply, The Shepherd leave complaining.
The Wish
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Would but indulgent Fortune send To me a kind, and faithful Friend, One who to Virtue’s Laws is true, And does her nicest Rules pursue; One Pious, Lib’ral, Just and Brave, And to his Passions not a Slave; Who full of Honour, void of Pride, Will freely praise, and freely chide; But not indulge the smallest Fault, Nor entertain one slighting Thought: Who still the same will ever prove, Will still instruct, and still will love: In whom I safely may confide, And with him all my Cares divide: Who has a large capacious Mind, Join’d with a Knowledge unconfin’d; A Reason bright, a Judgment true, A Wit both quick, and solid too: Who can of all things talk with Ease, And whose Converse will ever please: Who charm’d with Wit, and inward Graces, Despises Fools with tempting Faces; And still a beauteous Mind does prize Above the most enchanting Eyes: I would not envy Queens their State, Nor once desire a happier Fate.
Friendship
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Friendship is a Bliss Divine, And does with radiant Lustre shine: But where can that blest Pair be found That are with equal Fetters bound? Whose Hearts are one, whose Souls combine, And neither know or Mine, or Thine; Who’ve but one Joy, one Grief, one Love, And by the self same Dictates move; Who’ve not a Frailty unreveal’d, Nor yet a Thought that is conceal’d; Who freely one another blame, And strive to raise each other’s Fame; Who’re always just, sincere, and kind, By Virtue, not by Wealth, combin’d; Whose Friendship nothing can abate, Nor Poverty, nor adverse Fate, Nor Death it self: for when above, They’ll never, never, cease to love, But with a Passion more refin’d, Become one pure celestial Mind.
The Resolution
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Yes, dear Philistris,in my lov’d Retreat I will the Malice of my Stars defeat: I’ve not deserv’d my Fate, and therefore dare To brave my Fortune when ‘tis most severe: While Innocence and Honour guard my Breast, I shall in spite of my worst Foes be blest: In spite of all the Rage the Furies can inspire, When into mortal Breasts they breath infernal Fire, With Eyes that dart malignant Horrors round, And Voices which affright with their tremendous Sound, They fiercely may the cruel Fight begin, And hope by Violence the Day to win; But all in vain; I’ll smiling ward each Blow, And where my Duty calls undaunted go: Secure within, their Shock I dare sustain, My Souls impassive, and can feel no Pain: I’ve secret Joys, Delights to them unknown, In Solitude I never am alone: Books are the best Companions I can find, At once they please, at once instruct the Mind.
Song
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

ABvainly wishing, gazing, dying, The fond Narcissuslay, Kind Echo, to his Sighs replying, These words was heard to say; Ah! wretched Swain, by Pride betray’d: That Pois’ner of the Mind; That Voice by none but Fools obey’d, That Test of Souls design’d: That dang’rous Ill which ne’er is found, In such as with Minerva’sGifts are crown’d. What will you do when Time decaying That lovely beauteous Face, And you the Laws of Fate obeying, Must to old Age give place? Old Age, which comes with Swiftness on: Your hasty Minutes fly; Some part of what you were is gone, Deforming Death is nigh: When Time and Pain your Charms abate, How will you then this Chrystal Mirror hate?
A Dialogue between Virgiland Mavius
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Mawius.Where are those sacred Lawrels now Which did above adorn thy Brow? And where the mighty Mara’sFame? Here Maviusis as great a Name. Virgil.Tho’ me the Ghosts will not obey, Yet those Above due Honours pay: There I’m by all the Wits rever’d, And still by ev’ry Maviusfear’d. Mine, and Homer’sawful Shade, By the learn’d World supreme are made; There, like th’ infernal Judges, we Can punish, or Rewards decree. Mavius.Can this a real Good bestow? Or make you happier here below? A starving Man may dream of Meat, May in his Sleep choice Viands eat: And Beggers, shivering with Cold, May dream of Robes, of Fires, and Gold: And Men, when tost on raging Seas, May dream of Safety, Calms, and Ease: But when they wake, are still the same, Their Bliss from Sportive Fancy came.
The Observation
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

No State of Life’s from Troubles free, Grief mixes with our vital Breath: AI;soon as we begin to be, From the first moment of our Birth, We have some tast of Misery: With S[ghs and Tears our Fate we mourn, AI;if our Infant Reason did presage Th’ approaching Ills of our maturer Age, And wish’d a quick Return. When Souls are first to their close Rooms confin’d, 10 Nothing of their Celestial Make is seen, Obscuring Earth does interpose between: Like Tapers hid in Urns they shine. The Life of Sense and Growth we only see, Which Beasts enjoy as well as we: But th’active Mind Which bears the Image of the Pow’r Divine, Cannot exert its Energy:, The streiten’d Intellect immur’d does lie, Shut up within a narrow place, Till Nature does enlarge the Space, And by degrees the Organs fit, For those great Operations which are wrought by it.
On the Death of my Honoured Mother Mrs. Lee: A Dialogue between Lucinda and Marissa
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Lucinda.What, my Marissa,has Lucindadone, That thus her once lov’d Company you shun? Why is’t from her you thus unkindly fly, From her, who for your Sake cou’d freely die? Who knows no Joy but what your Sight does give, And in your Heart alone desires to live? I beg you by that Zeal I’ve shewn for you, That Tenderness which is to Friendship due, By those dear sacred Bonds our Souls have ty’d, Those Bonds, which Death it self shall ne’er divide; Marissa.Yes, my dear Friend, I your Advice will take, Dry up my Tears, and these lov’d Shades forsake: I can’t resist, when Kindness leads the Way; I’m wholly yours, and must your Call obey: With you to hated Crouds and Noise I’ll go, And the best Proofs of my Affection show: But where soe’er I am, my troubl’d Mind Will still to my Philindabe confin’d; Her Image is upon my Soul imprest, She lives within, and governs in my Breast: I’ll strive to live those Virtues she has taught, They shall employ my Pen, my Tongue, my Thought: Where e’er I go her Name my Theme shall prove, And what soe’er I say, shall loudly speak my Love.
The Offering
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Accept, my God, the Praises which I bring, The humble Tribute from a Creature due: Permit me of thy Pow’r to sing, That Pow’r which did stupendous Wonders do, And whose Effects we still with awful Rev’rence view: That mighty Pow’r which from thy boundless Store, Out of thy self where all things lay, This beauteous Universe did call, This Great, this Glorious, this amazing All! And fill’d with Matter that vast empty Space, Where nothing all alone Had long unrival’d sat on its triumphant Throne. See! now in every place The restless Atoms play: Lo! high as Heav’n they proudly soar, And fill the wide-stretch’d Regions there; In Suns they shine Above, in Gems Below, And roll in solid Masses thro’ the yielding Air: In Earth compacted, and diffus’d in Seas; In Corn they nourish, and in Flow’rs they please: In Beasts they walk, in Birds they fly, And in gay painted Insects croud the Skie: In Fish amid the Silver Waves they stray, And ev’ry where the Laws of their first Cause obey: Of them, compos’d with wondrous Art, We are our selves a part: And on us still they Nutriment bestow; To us they kindly come, from us they swiftly go, And thro’ our Veins in Purple Torrents flow.
The Fifteenth Psalm Paraphras’d
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Who on thy Holy Hill, my God, shall rest, And be with everlasting Pleasures blest? The Man who blameless is, and still sincere, And who no Judge do’s but his Conscience fear: Whose Practice is a Transcript of thy Law, And whom thy Omnipresence keeps in awe: Who speaks the Truth, and wou’d much sooner die, Than owe his Life to the loath’d Refuge of a Lie. Whose Soul is free from Falshood and Design, And in whose Words Integrity do’s shine: Who scorns to flatter, and by little Arts To purchase Treasures, or inveagle Hearts: Who to his Neighbour has no Mischief done, Do’s spiteful Actions with Abhorrence shun, And cannot be to what’s Inhuman won:
To Her Royal Highness The Princess Sophia
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

The Greatness of your Birth, the Sublimity of your Station, the vast Extent of your Knowledge, and all those other shining Qualities which have rais’d you to an elevated Height, and given you an undisputed Title to the Respect and Wonder of Mankind; all this stops every Approach to your Royal Highness, and makes you to be view’d only at an awful Distance: But just Reflections on the inviting Sweetness of your Temper, the charming Humility of your Mind, and that condescending Goodness you are pleas’d to express on all Occasions, puts a pleasing Force on all to whom your Fame has reach’d, (and to whom has it not?) powerfully attracts them, and throws your Admirers with a delightful Trem- io bling at your Royal Highness’s Feet; where, together with my self, I beg Leave to lay the following essays.
To The Reader
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

That the Pleasures of the Mind are infinitely preferable to those of Sense, intellectual Delights, the Joys of Thought, and the Complacencies arising from a bright and inlarg’d Understanding, transcendently greater and more satisfactory than those of the Body, than those that owe their Original to the Animal Life, has, through all Ages, been an acknowledg’d Truth, a Truth that comes attended with all the convincing Evidences that can be desired, and will soon be found to be undeniably so by all such as will be at the Pains of making the Experiment.
Of Life
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Would we accustom our selves to speak the strict Language of Truth, to fix Idea’s to our Words, we should not talk so improperly as generally we do, should give Things their true Appellations, call them by their right Names, learn to distinguish between our selves and our Instruments of Action, betwixt immortal Souls and perishing Bodies, betwixt Life and Death, and appropriate each to its proper Subject. We should then know, that to live is essential to a rational Soul; and that when we speak of Dying, we do not understand what we mean. Socrateswas much in the right, when he derided Critofor asking him how he would be buried? What can be more pleasant than to hear him answer, Just as you please, ifyou can but catch me, and if I do not give you the Slip;and then to see him turn to his lamenting Friends, and, smiling, tell them, He fancies thisSocrates, who now discourses with you, is the Thing that shall see Death by and by; he confounds me with my Corps.
Of Self-Love
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

We are born with a strong Desire of being happy; ‘tis a Principle coeval with our Souls, it grows with us, and will prove as lasting as our Beings; ‘tis the Centre to which all our Motions tend, it gives a Byass to our Actions, a sort of Fermentation to our Spirits, makes us press forward, keeps our Thoughts bent, and always ready, with a precipitous Eagerness, a violent Impetuosity to rush on every Appearance of Good, to grasp whatever has but the Resemblance of Happiness, or, what is infinitely more deplorable, too often obtrudes upon us real Evils for seeming Goods:
Of Love
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

As there is a Scale of Beings, so there are Degrees of Perfection, Beauties continually flowing from their divine Source in various Measures and Proportions, and dilating themselves through the whole Creation: Wherever we cast our Eyes, we may see them displaying their Charms; by Day shining in the glorious Fountain of Light, by Night glittering in ten thousand Stars; sparkling in Gems, pleasing the Sight in Gold, delighting the Eye in lofty Trees, in the admirable Colours of Fruits and Flowers, in the florid Green of Plants and Grass, and in the amazing Mechanism of Insects and Reptils, those surprizing and inimitable Finenesses which by the help of Glasses are discoverable in their minute Bodies, usefully entertaining it with the exact Proportion of Parts, and the wonderful Variety of Shapes in Birds, Beasts, and Fishes:
The Pleasures of Babel
Authors: Clayton Jay
Published: November 2023

Jay Clayton’s new book offers a lucid cutting-edge explication of the often stormy relationship between contemporary literature and criticism. Repudiating the jargon of theory, Clayton systematically makes sense of the movements of the last two decades: deconstruction, feminism. In a wholly original fashion Clayton succeeds in fusing a layman’s guide to recent criticism with a scholarly work that directly engages theories of narrative by applying them to some of the most prominent American writers of our time.
The Story of Deconstruction
Authors: Clayton Jay
Published: November 2023

Song of Solomon (1977), Toni Morrison’s novel about a young black man growing up in the middle of the United States in the middle of the twentieth century, dwells on politics and poetics with equal fervor. The novel dramatizes some pressing contemporary problems racial — inequality, class conflict, terrorism, the oppression of women, and the division between generations; but it also explores some perennial aesthetic topics — the value of oral traditions, the magic of names, the nature of myth and ritual, the power of story and song. This fusion of contemporary politics and traditional narrative forms has created much satisfying fiction, not only in Morrison’s hands but also in those of many other contemporary writers. So perhaps I should ask how Morrison mediates between her interest in storytelling and her political concerns. What link does her novel establish between the narrative forms it celebrates and structures of social, economic, or political power?
Rituals of Change: Ethnography on the Border
Authors: Clayton Jay
Published: November 2023

Such reflections trouble Lupe, the narrator of “Bien Pretty,” a Chicana artist whose U.S. education left her Spanish “sounding like the subtitles to a Bunuel film” (153). The stories in Sandra Cisneros’s new collection capture the joys and pains and sorrows of living in two cultures (at least two), in a style that often flits between languages in the same sentence. Her work fleshes out the latest abstraction, “multiculturalism.” It embodies the wonderful, vertiginous, at times terrifying truth that many people in this nation live in more than one culture.
Feminism and the Politics of Community
Authors: Clayton Jay
Published: November 2023

One of the last novels I read while completing this study was Gail Godwin’s Father Melancholy’s Daughter (1991). This moving, intellectually rich narrative has many similarities to a highly praised novel of the late seventies, Mary Gordon’s Final Payments (1978). Both concern young women who have spent years as their father’s primary companion; both explore the influence of religion on the narrators; and both attend to unfashionable topics such as responsibility, tradition, and self-sacrifice.
Brood Care and Social Behavior
Authors: Mahsberg Dieter
Published: November 2023

Brood care is generally considered to be “any form of parental behavior that appears likely to increase the fitness of a parent’s off spring” (Clutton-Brock, 1991, p. 8). Sociality is defined as the temporary or permanent cooperation in a group of communicating conspecifics (Wilson, 1971). An extension of parent-offspring interactions beyond the age when young can feed themselves may lead to a social system. Such a scenario, with its roots in parental care, occurs along the subsocial route in the evolution of social behavior.
Evolution of Geographic Variation in Body Size and Life-History Traits
Authors: Myers Chris
Published: November 2023

Body size is a fundamental trait affecting virtually every aspect of an organism’s biology. Size influences the metabolic and structural characteristics of individuals and their ability to accommodate cold, heat, water, and other environmental stresses (Bergmann, 1847; Oliver et al., 1979; Calder, 1984), size is often linked to life-history traits of organisms such as fecundity, age at maturity, and life span (Cole, 1954; Gadgil and Bossert, 1970; Oliver et al., 1979; Roff, 1981; Rose and Charles worth, 1981a,b; Speiss and Speiss, 1986), and size influences ecological interactions by affecting an individual’s status as potential competitor, predator, or prey (Morse. 1974; Wilbur, 1975; Peters, 1983; Polis, 1984; Werner and Gilliam, 1984; Ebenman and Persson, 1988). It is no accident that a rich tradition of theoretical and empirical science continues to grow around questions of how body size influences an individual’s life history, population structure, and community organization.
Paleontology
Authors: Jeram Andrew J
Published: November 2023

Today’s scorpion fauna reaches its peak of diversity in desert habitats (Polis, 1990), but fossil evidence indicates that the earliest scorpions were fully aquatic. Around 410 MYA the scorpions began a dramatic shift in biology, successfully making the transition from water to land. Once on land they proceeded to colonize a wide range of terrestrial environments, although this took place over tens of millions of years, culminating in the desert scorpions of the present day.
Radioresistance of Scorpions
Authors: Goyffon Max , Roman Vincent
Published: November 2023

The first indication that scorpions had unusually high resistance to ionizing radiation came in 1960 from nuclear weapons testing by France in the Sahara; near ground-zero the only animals to survive the detonations were scorpions (Androctonus sp.) and some Coleopteran beetles (Pimelia sp.). The resistance of these animals to irradiation was soon confirmed in laboratory tests (Vachon et al., 1963, 1964), and repeated in the field by Allred (1973) at the Nevada test site in the United States. Since that time several studies have sought to identify the characteristics of animals that determine susceptibility to ionizing radiations (Goyffon, 1975, 1983).
Cavalieri’s Geometry of Indivisibles and Guldin’s Centers of Gravity
Authors: Mancosu Paolo
Published: November 2023

The passage from classical Greek mathematics to seventeenth-century mathematics is marked by two dramatic events: the widespread use of infinitary techniques in geometry and the algebraization of geometry. At first independent, they show a close interaction later in the century. In this chapter I shall begin the analysis of the relevance of the use of infinitistic techniques for the philosophy of mathematics, and in later chapters I shall deal with the issue of analytic techniques.

It is often said that the Greeks avoided recourse to the infinite in their mathematics. However, one should be careful here. The remark is correct only if referred to the formal expositions found in Greek mathematical texts. Indeed, it is quite well known that heuristically the Greeks appealed to infinitistic techniques, as witnessed by Archimedes’ Method, a short treatise rediscovered in 1906 which contains, in the form of a letter from Archimedes to Eratosthenes, an explanation of Archimedes’ heuristic strategies for the discovery of theorems in geometry concerning areas, volumes, and centers of gravity. Archimedes explains in his Method how to exploit in geometrical investigations mechanical considerations and indivisibilist techniques, where the latter denomination refers to the idea of considering a plane figure (or a solid) as being “constituted” by lines (or planes).
The Problem of Continuity
Authors: Mancosu Paolo
Published: November 2023

In chapter 1 I mentioned that one important issue in the historiography of mathematics is whether there is a continuity or a discontinuity between the mathematics practiced by seventeenth-century mathematicians and the previous developments. In particular, the issue has been dealt with extensively in connection with Descartes’ achievements vis-à-vis the Greek mathematical tradition. By bringing into the picture the epistemology of mathematics two further problems can be raised. In the introduction to chapter 1 I have already pointed out the connection of such problems to the debates on continuity and discontinuity in the history and epistemology of physics.

The first problem, which has already been raised in the literature, is that of the continuity between the Renaissance epistemology of mathematics and later, especially seventeenth-century, epistemologies of mathematics. Since we have established that the Quaestio enjoyed considerable success in the seventeenth-century we are now in a position to deal with the problem of continuity between Renaissance and seventeenth-century epistemologies of mathematics. The most basic level at which continuity can be claimed is simply by remarking that many seventeenth-century scholars involved in debates on the nature of mathematics did so within the framework provided by the Renaissance Quaestio.