bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Changes in the Alveolar Bone and Root Length after Maxillary Anterior Tooth Retraction and the Factors Influencing Them
Authors: Harinarayanan S. , Somaiah Sanju , Goutham B. , Muddaiah Sunil
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

There is a scarcity of studies in which both alveolar bone remodeling and root resorption are simultaneously assessed and compared against possible influencing factors such as rate of retraction and change in inclination. The aim of our study was to assess the changes in the alveolar bone thickness and root length of the maxillary anterior teeth after retraction and correlate it to the potential influencing factors, namely rate of retraction and change in inclination.

Subjects and Methods:

Ten patients requiring upper premolar extraction as part of their treatment were included in the study. Alveolar bone and root length changes were measured using cone beam computed tomography and the rate of retraction and change in inclination were assessed using lateral cephalograms. Two readings: Preretraction and postretraction were taken. Statistical analysis was done using Paired rank t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation tests. Significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results and Conclusions:

The labial alveolar bone thickness showed an increase, whereas the palatal and total alveolar bone thickness showed a decrease. Root resorption was observed in all teeth. Alveolar bone changes showed a positive correlation to the rate of retraction and a negative correlation to the change in inclination. The root length change showed a positive correlation to the change in inclination.
Therapeutic Modulation of Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Suresh Mithil Gowda , Mohamed Safia , Yukselen Zeynep , Hatwal Juniali , Venkatakrishnan Abhinaya , Metri Aida , Bhardwaj Arshia , Singh Arshdeep , Bush Nikhil , Batta Akash
Published: December 2024

The cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a primary global health concern with significant mortality and morbidity. Recent findings suggest that gut microbiota, through its complex interactions with host metabolism, immune response, and inflammation, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of CVD. The mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome offer a novel perspective on heart health. Excitingly, interventions targeting the microbiome, such as dietary adjustments, probiotics, and prebiotics, hold promise in reducing CVD risks. Adopting personalized approaches to microbiome therapy, tailored to individuals’ unique microbial profiles, could usher in more effective treatments for CVD. As research continues to unveil the intricate role of the gut microbiome, the future of CVD treatment and prevention appears poised for significant transformation. Therefore, this burgeoning field promises to bring about a paradigm shift in cardiovascular health management, with a strong emphasis on personalized, microbiome-based therapeutic strategies, and preventive measures through diet and lifestyle modifications. This review aims to emphasize the potential of integrating the gut microbial insights into clinical practice and how it can be exploited to revolutionize the prevention and management of CVD in future.
Diagnostic Utility of Various Hormones across Different Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kumar Padala Ravi , Telagareddy Radha Krishna , Dash Deepak Kumar , Patro Debasish
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents a complex diagnostic challenge due to its heterogeneous nature.

Aim:

This study aimed to examine the diagnostic utility of various hormones across different PCOS phenotypes.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional study was carried out in 187 newly diagnosed PCOS women (18–40 years) attending the outdoor clinics of the department of endocrinology and obstetrics and gynaecology of a tertiary care centre in India.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and eighty-seven PCOS women based on revised Rotterdam 2003 criteria were recruited. Ninety-four age-matched healthy females were taken as controls. All PCOS women were categorised into four phenotypes (A, B, C and D) based on the National Institute of Health (2012) criteria. Detailed clinical examination and hormonal investigations including testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) were performed.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was generated to find the diagnostic utility of various hormones by using SPSS version 26.0 software.

Results:

The largest PCOS group was phenotype A (33.15%, n = 61) followed by phenotype B (28.6%, n = 52), phenotype D (23.9%, n = 44) and phenotype C (16.3%, n = 30). In ROC analysis, AMH and testosterone (except phenotype D) were good diagnostic parameters for PCOS. AMH cutoffs varied from 4.4 to 5.6 ng/mL with sensitivities and specificities ranging from 86% to 97% and 85% to 100%, respectively, across all PCOS phenotypes. In the entire PCOS cohort, AMH at an optimal cutoff of 5.28 ng/mL had sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 97%, respectively, for the diagnosis of PCOS. Optimal testosterone cutoffs were 29.3, 25.1 and 23.1 ng/dL for phenotypes A, B and C, respectively, with reasonable sensitivities and specificities but not in phenotype D. Luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH/FSH ratio, androstenedione and DHEAS had low-to-moderate sensitivity across all phenotypes.

Conclusion:

AMH is a useful hormonal diagnostic marker for PCOS across all phenotypes.
Sperm Morphology of Post-wash Sample and Its Association with Clinical Pregnancy among the Couples Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination: A Cohort Study
Authors: Prathyusha Syamala , Kubera NS , Murugesan Srimathi , Sharma Jitendar Kumar , Venkatraman Sujatha , Ram Anusuya
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is an effective and inexpensive method of managing patients with unexplained and male factor infertility. It is attempted before proceeding to more invasive assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Numerous semen parameters have been assessed to indicate successful outcomes with IUI. It is debatable to what extent morphological parameters influence the IUI success.

Aim:

We aimed to study the association of sperm morphology and other semen parameters in post-wash inseminated samples with clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) among the couples undergoing IUI.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective cohort study conducted between March 2022 and January 2024 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women and Children’s Hospital, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 127 couples presenting with infertility (underwent 246 IUI cycles) were included after written informed consent from study participants, semen collection was done and pre-wash and post-wash semen were analysed as per the World Health Organization Sixth Edition Laboratory Manual for sperm morphology.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Demographic data, semen analysis parameters and CPR results were compared and analysed using SPSS version 19.0.

Results:

Among 246 IUI cycles, post-wash sperm morphology was normal in 47.6% and teratozoospermia was noted in 52.4%. Clinical pregnancy was reported in 10.6% (n = 26) of couples, of which 6.1% (n = 15) had post-wash normal sperm morphology and 4.5% (n = 11) had post-wash teratozoospermia. When categorised by strict morphology ≤1%, 2%–3%, 4%–5% and ≥5%, the CPR was 0.0%, 12.0%, 12.6% and 12.9%, respectively. Even though clinical pregnancy was noted only with >1% sperm morphology, there was no significant association between sperm morphology and CPR.

Conclusion:

No significant differences in CPR were noted following IUI in couples with post-wash normal and abnormal sperm morphology. Hence, the current study findings suggest that sperm morphology should not be a criterion to exclude couples from undergoing IUI.
Robotic versus laparoscopic intersphincteric resection for patients with low rectal cancer: Short-term outcomes
Authors: Ge Wei , Shao Li-Hua , Qiu Yu-Dong , Chen Gang
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

This study aimed to evaluate the short-term outcomes between laparoscopic intersphincteric resection (L-ISR) and robotic intersphincteric resection (R-ISR) for low rectal cancer.

Patients and Methods:

We performed a retrospective clinical analysis between August 2018 and August 2021 at the Department Of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.

Results:

A total of 28 patients were recruited in this research. Among these patients, there were 12 patients who underwent L-ISR and assigned to L-ISR group, and the remaining 16 patients underwent R-ISR and assigned to R-ISR group. The time to start oral fluids, time to start soft diet and time to first motion in R-ISR group were earlier than those in L-ISR group (P < 0.05). The hospital stay in R-ISR group was shorter than that in L-ISR group (P < 0.05). However, the operation time of R-ISR was longer compared to L-ISR group (P < 0.05). Most important of all, the Kelly score in R-ISR group was 5.1 ± 0.9, which was higher than that in L-ISR group (P = 0.004).

Conclusion:

R-ISR is safe and feasible for patients with low rectal cancer. R-ISR is superior to L-ISR despite the operation time of R-ISR is longer. A randomised controlled trial will be performed to confirm the conclusion further.
Prognostic accuracy of Whole Lung Perfusion Blood Volume as a predictor of 28-day Mortality in Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism – A prospective study
Authors: Reddy N Krishna , Adithan Subathra , Gantait Shubhamoy , Ramanathan Venkateswaran , Rajaram Manju
Published: December 2024

Background:

The estimated incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) is around 60–70 cases per 100,000 people annually. The overall mortality rate for massive PE is substantial, ranging from 18% to 65%. We can utilise changes in lung perfusion to stratify patients with PE acutely based on risk, highlighting its diagnostic and prognostic value.

Objectives:

To calculate the whole-lung perfused blood volume (PBV) and right-to-left ventricular diameter ratio from dual-energy computed tomography thorax in patients with acute PE and find its association with 28-day all-cause mortality.

Methods:

This was a prospective diagnostic accuracy study at the Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research. We included suspected acute PE patients. A dual-energy chest CT was performed on all these patients, and iodine maps were generated using the Syngo dual-energy workstation. Whole-lung PBVs were then calculated. Patients were followed up for 28 days, and all-cause mortality data were collected. The prognostic accuracy of PBVs in predicting mortality among acute PE patients was analysed using the ROC curve using SPSS version 19.0.

Results:

The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.696, indicating a moderate discriminatory power in distinguishing between patients who experienced mortality and those who did not. An empirical cut-off value of 0.945 corresponds to a sensitivity of 63.2% and a specificity of 67.6%.

Conclusion:

The prognostic accuracy of total perfused lung volume/total lung volume revealed a moderate discriminatory power, indicating 70% accuracy in predicting 28-day mortality based on standardised total PBVs.
Comparing standard treatment of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea to add-on acetazolamide treatment: An open-label randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tripathi Anurag , Prakash Ved , Kumar Hemant , Arif Mohammad , Tiwari Atul , Kumar Sachin , Singh Mrityunjaya , Sharma Deepak , Srivastava Shubhra
Published: December 2024

Background and Objective:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition, featured by repetitive upper airway collapse during sleep manifested with poor quality of life and co-morbidities. Although continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the recommended therapy, lack of patient compliance and persistent symptoms often preclude its success. The present study evaluates the effect of acetazolamide in combination with CPAP, and compares this treatment strategy to single therapy using CPAP in moderate to severe OSA.

Materials and Methods:

A parallel-group, open-label randomized controlled trial consisted of 95 subjects diagnosed with moderate to severe OSA. Subjects were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to CPAP plus acetazolamide (C+D) and CPAP alone (C). The baseline characteristics and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) metrics were comparable. Following four weeks of intervention, the outcomes measured involved changes in AHI (apnea hypopnoea index), sleep architecture, ODI (oxygen desaturation Index), and other sleep parameters.

Results:

The combination of CPAP and acetazolamide significantly reduced total AHI (34.69 ± 18.91 events/hour) compared to CPAP alone (45.47 ± 19.09 events/hour, p = 0.0044). AHI also observed significant improvements during non-REM sleep (p = 0.0014). Although no significant difference was found in AHI during REM sleep between the groups (p = 0.6284), the C+D group demonstrated a notable decrease in severe OSA cases and an increase in mild and moderate OSA classifications. Compliance-adjusted AHI was significantly lower in the C+D group (5.67 ± 3.45) compared to the C group (7.67 ± 3.41, p = 0.0034). The C+D group exhibited improved sleep architecture with lower percentages of N1 and N3 sleep stages, and a trend towards increased REM sleep percentage (p = 0.0704). Significant reductions in WASO (p = 0.0404) and ODI (p = 0.0301) were also observed. Both groups reported minimal and comparable side effects, indicating the safety and tolerability of the combination therapy.

Conclusion:

The addition of acetazolamide to CPAP therapy improves efficacy in OSA treatment parameters among moderate-to-severe OSA, reduces total and NREM AHI as well as ODI without an increase in adverse effects. With added pharmacotherapy, the combination therapy represents a potential adjunctive treatment for managing OSA.
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Due to Lentil Aspiration in Children: A Case Series
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sachdev Anil , Ghuman Samarjit Singh , Gupta Dhiren
Published: December 2024

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in children is a common cause of interstitial lung disease. HP has been seen in the patient due to the inhalation of different bacteria, fungi, and other particles, such as feathers of various types of birds. In our study, we observed that children who were forced to feed themselves with lentil-based weaning food had respiratory symptoms and radiology similar to HP. Here, we are reporting nine patients admitted over 13 months with symptoms of persistent cough, breathing difficulty, not responding to antibiotics, and persistent radiological changes in chest radiographs and computerized tomography. The median age of the cases was 12 months, with male predominance. Flexible bronchoscopy was done to rule out any structural anomalies in the airways and to obtain broncho-alveolar lavage, which yielded no results for pyogenic and tubercular infections. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for lentils ranges from 17.6 to > 200 mgA/L. All children received oral steroids for up to 8 weeks and showed remarkable improvement in clinical and radiological status. In conclusion, lentil-induced HP in infants during weaning should be considered in cases with persistent cough and non-resolving pneumonia.
Coercion in Mental Health Care around the World: How Far Have We Come?
Authors: Molodynski Andrew , Giacco Domenico
Published: December 2024

All systems of mental health care around the world involve coercion and always have done. This can involve legal structures, the use of forced or covert medication, or indeed the absence of care rendering people with severe mental illness vulnerable to long term physical restrictions. There has been an increased focus on coercion over recent decades and international organizations such as the World Health Organization, the World Psychiatric Association, and the World Association of Social Psychiatry have produced guidance and position statements. Some practices show promise at reducing coercion, but implementation is difficult and they are not relevant in large parts of the world where mental health services are poorly funded and developed. Much more international dialogue, research, and practice development is urgently needed to level the playing field and improve the lives of those who use mental health services.
Analysis and Determinants of Restraint Practices in Psychiatry Inpatients from a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Singh Vijender , Pakhre Ashish , Sutar Roshan , Laha Poulami , Pandita K. K. , Mandal Debayan
Published: December 2024

Background:

Restraint practice has been employed in psychiatry setting to manage patients with risk of aggression and violence. The restraint practice is also linked with the ethical, legal, and human rights of individuals and regulation has seen policies and laws on it across the globe. It is critical to assess the factors associated with restraints and its relationship with clinical variables in the Indian scenario.

Materials and Methods:

It was a retrospective chart review design study. It was conducted in the psychiatry department of a tertiary care hospital. The duration of the study considered from January 2024 to October 2024. We have considered purposive sampling (n = 68). We have included all patients with h/o restraints in ward stay will be included (restraint register) and excluded ward patients with no h/o any restraint and those with h/o medications given for sedation but not restraint.

Results:

This hospital has a 9.25% prevalence of restraint use. The main diagnoses found were alcohol use disorder presenting with delirium tremens (46.9%), mood disorder with manic or mixed episode (31.3%), schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (9.4%), other psychotic disorder (9.4%), and severe depression with psychotic symptom (3.1%). The main reasons for restraint were agitation/disorientation (46.9%), actual violence (46.9%), and threats of violence (6.3%).

Conclusion:

According to this study, receiving chemical and/or physical restraint was more frequently linked to male gender, young age, lower and middle socioeconomic status, alcohol use disorder diagnosis presenting with delirium tremens, and mood disorders presenting with mania or mixed episodes.
Ohranjeni kronikalni zapisi jezuitskega kolegija v Ljubljani
Authors: Deželak Trojar Monika
Published: December 2024

Članek prinaša podroben pregled kronikalnih zapisov, nastalih v okviru nekdanjega jezuitskega kolegija v Ljubljani, ki je deloval v letih 1597–1773. Med njimi so jezuitski letopisi, dnevniki in kongregacijske knjige, pogojno pa tudi prepis dokumentov jezuitskega kolegija v Ljubljani. V prvem delu prispevka so predstavljeni ohranjeni letopisi, in sicer prvi in tretji del letopisa jezuitskega kolegija v Ljubljani. Prvi del letopisa (Historia annua Collegii Societatis Iesu Labacensis) vsebuje zgodovino kolegija v letih 1596–1691, drugi del je izgubljen, tretji del (Annua collegii Labacensis) pa opisuje dogajanje v kolegiju v letih 1722–1773. V drugem delu so orisani ohranjeni jezuitski dnevniki, in sicer devet rokopisnih zvezkov Dnevnika patra ministra (Diarum p. ministri, 1651–1772) in en rokopisni zvezek dnevnika šolske prefekture, tj. jezuitske gimnazije v Ljubljani (Diarium praefecturae scholarum, 1650–1718). Tretji del sestavljajo ohranjene vpisne knjige (tj. matrikule) kongregacij, ki so delovale v okviru jezuitskega kolegija v Ljubljani (Kongregacija Marijinega vnebovzetja, Kongregacija Marije Brezmadežne in Kongregacija Kristusovega smrtnega boja). Sklepni del prispevka opozarja na pomen ohranjenih prepisov pri dokumentih nekdanjega jezuitskega arhiva v Ljubljani, ki so se ohranili v t. i. arhivski knjigi (Liber archivii collegii Labacensis S. I.).
Diarium patra Žige Škerpina: Kronika potovanja iz Ljubljane v Valladolid leta 1740
Authors: Vidmar Luka
Published: December 2024

In 1740, Father Žiga Škerpin (Sigismundus Skerpin, 1689‒1755) attended the General Chapter of the Franciscan Order in Castile as a represent­ative of the Croatian and Carniolan Province of the Franciscan Order. During the journey from Ljubljana to Valladolid and back, which lasted from 24 January to 10 September, he recorded his experiences. After the return, he completed the manuscript Diarium oder Kurze beschreibung der Raiß, which is kept in the Franciscan Monastery in Kamnik. The text is in German, except for a few passages in Latin. Škerpin travelled through Carniola, Carinthia, and Tyrol, along the border between the Holy Roman Empire and the Swiss Confederation, and then through Alsace and Burgundy to the south, as he wanted to see as much of France as possible. He also stayed in France for a long time on his way home: from Valladolid he travelled through southwestern France and stopped for several days in Paris and Versailles. In the Habsburg hereditary lands, the journey went smoothly: Škerpin spent the night in Franciscan and other monasteries, and he was also received kindly by the secular authorities. When he travelled along Lake Constance and the Rhine, he often found himself in a politically and religiously different environment, for example in the Protestant areas of the Swiss Confederation (e.g. Basel). He encountered the greatest difficulties in France, partly because he did not know French. He regularly com­plained about the lack of respect of the French towards the clergy, their general inhospitality and high prices. Regardless, he was taken by the orderliness of French ecclesiastical, state, and city institutions, especially monasteries, universities, and hospitals, and the grandeur of architectural and engineering achievements, such as roads, bridges, forts, water pumps, and canals. He felt more accepted in Spain, where he noticed a great respect for priests, especially the Franciscans.
Korespondenca kot kronikalni vir – primer pisem Franca Franza
Authors: Preinfalk Miha
Published: December 2024

Josef Kalasanz Baron Erberg (1771–1843), a wealthy collector and patron who even had connections with the Imperial Court of Vienna, spent the last years of his life in voluntary solitude in his manor house in Dol near Ljubljana. Nevertheless, he wanted to be kept informed, so he hired an Austrian army captain named Franz Franz (1779–1840), who was spending his retirement years in Ljubljana, as an informant. Franz sent almost daily letters to Erberg between 1832 and 1840, thus creating a kind of chronicle of Biedermeier Ljubljana. Although we do not usually associate letters or correspondence with chronicles, Franz’s correspondence can be classified as a chronicle-type source, as his reports are texts in bound form, which provide historical testimony of events in a particular place and are often marked by the writer’s personal viewpoint.
In terms of content, Franz’s letters to Erberg contain mostly local news about Ljubljana and its inhabitants, mainly about Ljubljana’s high society (nobility and high bourgeoisie), which Erberg knew personally, but Franz himself was also a member of it and was able to report first-hand. The lower classes are mentioned less frequently, usually in connection with accidents, crimes, or violent deaths. Franz reported extensively on illnesses, social events in Ljubljana, theatrical performances, and, with the help of correspondents from abroad, also on events in other parts of the monarchy.
If the content of Franz’s letters is to be summarized in terms of newspaper columns, one finds a lot of culture, social life, yellow press, and black chronicles, but there is much less politics, economy, and welfare.
Župnijske kronike — kdaj slovenščina prevlada nad nemščino?
Authors: Ogrin Matija
Published: December 2024

V članku se lotevamo vprašanja, kdaj je v župnijskih kronikalnih besedilih nemščino nasledila slovenščina in nad njo postopoma prevladala ter v katerih zvrsteh kronik se je to v slovenskih deželah dogodilo prej, v katerih pozneje? Za ta namen smo upoštevali širši nabor kroniških besedil, med njimi tudi oznanilne knjige. V oznanilih je župnik oziroma njegov namestnik neposredno sporočal svojemu občestvu vesti, ki so bile namenjene vsem in so jih morali razumeti vsi. Ker je velika večina vernikov razumela samo slovensko, so morale biti razne vrste oznanil dejansko vedno podane v slovenščini – seveda ustno, medtem ko je pisna podlaga tega ustnega sporočila še dolgo ostala zapisana v nemščini.
Naš prikaz prodora slovenščine v cerkvena kroniška besedila podpirajo tri vrste virov, ki hkrati predstavljajo tri stopnje prehoda od nemščine k slovenščini, to so: 1) Ženitni oklici v slovenščini ljubljan­ske stolne župnije sv. Nikolaja za obdobje 1737–1759. 2) Najzgodnejša župnijska oznanila v slovenščini najdemo po dosedanjih raziskavah v oznanilni knjigi ljubljanskih frančiškanov, in sicer v vpisih iz let od 1831 do 1835, ko slovenščina popolnoma prevlada. 3) Nasprotno kot oznanilne knjige, ki beležijo prihajajoče dogodke, pa župnijske kronike v pravem pomenu besede vsebujejo podatke o izvršenih dogodkih, ki so za pripovedovalca že preteklost. Ena od zgodnjih župnijskih kronik, kjer moremo opazovati prehod iz nemščine v slovenščino, je kronika župnije Dovje – Mojstrana, ki sta jo v letih 1878–1925 zapored pisala župnika Janez Ažman in Jakob Aljaž (žpk. 1889–1927). Še zgodnejši vir je kronika župnije sv. Danijel nad Prevaljami, kjer je vikar Jožef Skrbinc uvedel slovenščino kot edini jezik kronike že 15. avgusta 1873, kar je doslej najzgodnejši znani primer te vrste.
La distopía cotidiana
Authors: Gallardo-Saborido Emilio J.
Published: December 2024

La modernidad en Hispanoamérica se puede leer a partir de la tensión entre los discursos utópicos y distópicos. Este artículo arranca con un breve recorrido por algunas de las contribuciones que signaron y signan, en este sentido, los siglos XX y XXI latinoamericanos. A partir de ahí se centra en la novela del escritor nicaragüense Sergio Ramírez titulada Tongolele no sabía bailar (2021) y la inserta dentro de la tradición distópica hispanoamericana, al tiempo que la encuadra en el seno de la literatura neopolicial producida en español a partir de las últimas décadas de la pasada centuria. Esta novela constituye la tercera entrega de la trilogía encabezada por el policía/inspector Dolores Morales y en ella se retratan las manifestaciones que agitaron Nicaragua en 2018 y se denuncia su represión por el Gobierno de Daniel Ortega y Rosario Murillo. De este modo, se analiza el tema central de la tiranía a través de la revisión del tratamiento de la violencia y la paranoia como elementos que sirven para sostener al poder político hegemónico. Para ello, se recurre a herramientas conceptuales provenientes de la antropología política, particularmente, a los hallazgos de F. G. Bailey en Stratagems and Spoils (1969). Finalmente, se concluye constatando la capacidad del régimen gobernante de perpetuarse en el poder.
Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine: organizacijsko-formacijske promjene i neke naznake razvoja 1992‒1995 / The Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Organizational and Formation Changes Along With Some Indications of its Development from 1992 to 1995
Authors: Šadinlija Mesud
Published: December 2024

In the persistent attempts to strengthen the various interpretative constructions of the post-Yugoslav armed conflicts, which are occasionally and on different sides presented not only through attempted scientific legitimation, but also with the pretentious character of national strategies, we often encounter theses about the discontinuity regarding the functioning and legitimacy of the state organs of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as of the constitutional structures intended for its defence from 1992 to 1995. This paper attempts to present the facts and indicators of the continuity of the development of the Territorial defence of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, demonstrating its most important phases, which were substantially and dynamically determined by the specific needs of pursuing armed conflict, the general military and political circumstances and the situation on the battlefield of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We have tried to emphasize the most important characteristics and some indicators of the substance of certain periods and phases of this development.
Operacija NATO-a u Bosni i Hercegovini “Deny Flight” / The NATO Operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina “Deny Flight”
Authors: Dedović Mustafa
Published: December 2024

The operation “Deny Flight” represented NATO’s response to the conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, starting on April 12, 1993, with the aim of enforcing the UN’s no-fly zone. Over the course of more than two years, the operation evolved, expanding its mission to provide close air support to UN troops and conduct coercive air strikes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. With 12 NATO member states involved and 100,420 flights completed by its conclusion on December 20, 1995, “Deny Flight” played a crucial role in shaping the Bosnian War and the NATO alliance itself. This operation marked NATO’s first combat engagement in history, demonstrating the alliance’s adaptability in the post-Cold War era. While the cooperation between the UN and NATO, though laying the groundwork for future joint operations, also caused tensions, especially after the taking of UN peacekeeping forces as hostages in response to NATO bombing. “Deny Flight” successfully prevented significant use of air power in the Bosnian war, paving the way for the subsequent key NATO operation, “Deliberate Force,” which played a role in ending the conflict.
Pusino innocentissimo! Odnos prema smrti najmlađih u zajednicama južnog Ilirika: epigrafska, arheološka i ikonografska svjedočanstva / Pusino Innocentissimo! Attitude to the Death of the Youngest in the Communities of Southern Illyricum: Epigraphic, Archaeological and Iconographic Evidence
Authors: Cvijetić Jelena
Published: December 2024

The paper is dedicated to the relationship between the communities of the south Illyricum according to the death of its youngest members. The focus is on epitaphs, tombstones, and rare relief representations, as well as funerary practices, the inventory and grave forms from the best-researched Roman-era necropolises in this area. Ancient sources will be analyzed with special attention, concerning attitudes towards the death of children at different ages, as well as the process and length of “official” mourning for the youngest.
Narativ o osvajanju Bosne iz hronike HAŠT BIHIŠT / Narrative of the Conquest of Bosnia from The Chronicle of Hasht Bihish
Authors: Gačanin Sabaheta
Published: December 2024

Although the chronicle Hasht Bihisht by Idrīs Bidlīsī was very well-known, it has not been presented in a comprehensive approach in the light of modern science. Only some events and questions he raised were often presented in the historical and political context of other studies. Among the historical events that Idrīs Bidlīsī includes in his chronicle are the conquests of the Balkan lands, including Bosnia, or more precisely Bosnia and Croatia as he stated. This paper will present his historical narrative about that dramatic event, which until now has not been presented as an isolated historical narrative, but was mentioned sporadically in the framework of wider studies. As a source for this article was used a direct copy of Hasht Bihisht from an autograph from 1571, belonging to the Ottenfels collection (No. 2), which is kept in the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb.
Sandžak-beg Valone Mustafa-beg Milivojević / Mustafa-bey Milivojevic, the Sandjak-bey of Valona
Authors: Zilić Adis
Published: December 2024

The aim of the paper is to present Mustafa-bey Milivojevic, a nobleman of Bosnian origin, as the Ottoman governor of the sanjak of Valona in Albania. The people of Dubrovnik maintained contact with him even in distant Valona, and sent him selectedintelligence informations due to his previous merits while he was the sandjak bey of Herzegovina, as well as the importance of his new position, and the fact that his recognizible political career was on the upward trajectory. Due to the timely arrival of informations, which was partly a result of their mediation, he was up to date with current political events. The paper explores the connections and correspondence of the people of Dubrovnik with Mustafa-bey in the political context of preparation and unfolding of the Ottoman-Venetian military conflict for supremacy on the Adriatic-Ionian coast. The Sandjak-bey of Valona retained a significant role in the naval war, in which he showed himself as a capable statesman. Attention is also drawn to the direction of Mustafa-bey’s possible later career ascent, since he subsequently acquired the title of pasha. The view of Mustafa Bey’s governorship is from a medieval perspective, based on archival materials in Latin and Old Italian. Extensive holdings of this type of material, especially the State Archives in Dubrovnik, although they contain a lot of information of a regional character, have been neglected and generally unused in Ottoman studies.
Repeatability of Nest Site Selection of Green Turtles on Samandağ Beach
Authors: Sönmez Bektaş
Published: December 2024

Nest site selection is a maternal effect on hatchling survival in species without parental care. Sea turtles depend on sandy beaches for nesting, and females perform nest site selection on the beach for the successful development of their embryos. This study investigated the repeatability of nest site selection on Samandağ beach, a major green turtle nesting beach in the Mediterranean. During the 2013 nesting season, the distance to the sea, distance to vegetation, horizontal distance, and nest depth of the first and second nests of females were recorded using a tagging method. Repeatability analysis was performed using the rtpR package in R. A total of 91 turtles were tagged, of which 36 were observed during their first and second nests. The highest repeatability was found for horizontal distance, followed by distance to vegetation and distance to the sea. In contrast, nest depth showed insignificant repeatability. This suggests that green turtles select nesting sites that are close to the vegetation line but far from the sea and sites that are very close in horizontal distance. The results of this study include the results of a single year nesting season. It is recommended that future studies be conducted in consecutive years to see the results of repeatability of nest site selection from year to year.
Yumurtalık Koyu (Adana/Türkiye) Kıyısal Bölgesinde Levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax) Avında Kullanılan Bırakma Olta Takımının Hedef Dışı Av ve Kayıp Av Aracı Bakımından İncelenmesi
Authors: Ozyurt Caner Enver
Published: December 2024

Yumurtalık koyunda (Adana/Türkiye), Ekim 2020 ile Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, 40 ticari balıkçılık operasyonu takip edilmiştir. Bu saha çalışmalarında, ticari balıkçılar tarafından yakalanan türlerin boy ve ağırlıkları ölçülmüş, ayrıca her bir operasyonda denize atılan bırakma oltası sayısı ile kaybolan olta sayısı kaydedilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, levrek dışında sadece 6 tür yakalandığını, hedef dışı türlerin ağırlıkça oranın %4,64 olduğunu göstermiştir. Yakalanan 859 levrek bireyinin sadece 88 tanesinin, ülkemiz balıkçılık mevzuatında belirtilen avlanabilir asgari boydan (25cm) küçük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, yöntemin tür ve boy seçiciliği açısında çevre dostu olduğu fikrini vermektedir. Takip edilen operasyonlarda toplam 4791 adet bırakma olta denize atılırken, bu oltalardan 198 tanesi (%4.13) kaybolmuştur. Tüm filonun bir sezonda kaybettiği bırakma olta sayısı yaklaşık 2800 adet olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Av araçlarının kaybolma nedenleri olarak; av araçları arasında çatışma, kötü hava koşulları, operasyonel hatalar, deniz trafiği ve vandalizm gibi nedenler görülmekte ise de bu çalışmada kayıp nedenleri konusunda herhangi bir tespit yapılmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, daha önce yapılan çalışmalar dikkate alınarak olası kayıp nedenleri hakkında çıkarımda bulunulmuştur.
Community Structure of Gurnards in Relation to Different Environmental Variables in Antalya Gulf
Authors: Mutlu Erhan , De Meo Ilaria , Miglietta Claudia , Deval Mehmet Cengiz
Published: December 2024

Fish assemblages have not been studied at the family level using comprehensive environmental variables. Ecological studies focusing on spatiotemporal density (abundance and biomass) and morphometry (size and inter-traits relationships) of fish species have been highly limited in the Mediterranean Sea, particularly in the Turkish Levant coast. Gurnards (Family: Triglidae) have received little attention in ecological research. In the present study, in order to outline the spatiotemporal dynamic of density and morphometry in space (region and bottom depth) and time (season) alongside environmental parameters, gurnards collected seasonally from a study conducted on shelf/shelf break of the Antalya Gulf in 2014-2015 (de Meo et al. 2018) were studied. A total of 79 stations were sampled in year period (22 stations in May, 17 in August, 21 in October and 19 in February). Of the total stations, occurrence of the gurnards in stations varied between 4 (Trigla lyra) and 34 (Lepidotrigla cavillone). The gurnards were represented by six species in Antalya Gulf. In general, the small-sized specimens (L. cavillone and L. dieuzeidei < 15 cm) outnumbered the larger specimens (Chelidonichthys lucerna, C. cuculus, C. lastoviza and T. lyra) in the gurnard population. The species were significantly differentiated by the bottom depth, followed by the depth-gradient environment. Shallow water, middle shelf and deeper water species were distinguished among the six species. The gurnards avoided the seagrass meadows. Only Chelidonichthys lastoviza was found close to the meadow beds. Small-sized species had more abundance than large-sized species on bare bottoms. Large-sized species exhibited greater sizes in eutrophic areas compared to those in oligotrophic areas, whereas small-sized species had similar sizes in both trophic states, leading to differences in their growth types. Overall, females outnumbered the males for all species and the species exhibited a size-dependent sexual dimorphism with the females being longer and heavier than the males. Assemblage of six gurnard species was correlated with depth, thus bottom type (coarse to fine material of sediment from coast to open water) and chl-a and fine bioseston. With respect to fish-epibenthic fauna relation, the gurnard community was correlated primarily with Decapoda and Holothuroidea and secondarily with Crinoidea, followed by Ophiuroidea. The gurnards were distributed specifically at different depths of the shelf/break, preferring bare bottoms in general with depth-graded environment in space and time.
Changes on the Temporal Patterns of Ichthyoplankton Assemblages in the Çanakkale Strait, Türkiye
Authors: Daban İsmail Burak , Ayaz Oğuzhan , İşmen Ali
Published: December 2024

Monitoring studies in a particular area after a long period of time can provide opportunities to understand environmental, physical and biological events that have occurred over time. From this point of view, we aimed to reveal ichthyoplankton assemblages in the Çanakkale Strait after 10 year period. Our findings indicated a 3 oC difference in sea surface termperature in the late spring and early winter compared to earlier studies. As expected, the highest mean abundance and biodiversity of ichthyoplankton were found in the late spring-early summer period but they showed rapid fluctuations even in consecutive weeks. Coastal resident species such as Diplodus annularis, Gobius niger, and Spicara maena were found to be abundant. In Çanakale Strait, larvae of mesopelagic species were sampled for the first time in this study. The occurrence of mesopelagic species far from their natal habitat in the northern Aegean deep sea trench may indicate a change in the region's hydrodynamics.
Risk factors for recurrenсe of hydronephrosis in children
Authors: Petrova Aysel F. , Kovarskiy Semen L. , Menovshchikova Lyudmila B. , Matveenko Ekaterina N.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Relapse after radical correction of congenital hydronephrosis (CH) in children occurs in 5–11% of cases. However, the predictors of repeated obstruction of the pyeloureteral segment (PUS) have not yet been sufficiently evaluated, which determines the relevance of the topic.
Aim: to detect the risk factors for recurrence of hydronephrosis in children to develop methods for its prevention.
Materials and methods. There were examined one hundred children with hydronephrosis divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 50 patients with recurrent hydronephrosis (RH), group 2 (control) — 50 children without RH with a comparable functional condition of the affected kidney. The analysis of the influence of pre-, intra- and postoperative parameters on the outcome of the primary intervention was carried out.
Results. During primary intervention in CH patients from group 1, we identified the following significant differences compared with patients of group 2: the use of non-resection pyeloplasty; a more extended stricture of the PUS; an indentation of less than
5 mm from the edge of stenosis; tension of the edges of the anastomosis due to insufficient mobilization; acute pyelonephritis during the early postoperative period. When the anastomosis tissues were stretched, only one type of urine drainage (internal or external) was performed in patients from group 1, and combined drainage was provided in patients of group 2.
Conclusion. To prevent recurrence of hydronephrosis in children, it is necessary to perform exclusively resection ureteropyeloplasty with adequate tissue mobilization and a wide margin from the edge of stenosis, use combined drainage when stretching the edges of the anastomosis and ensure the observation of operated children before moving to the adult network.
A nomogram to determine the effectiveness of remote shock wave lithotripsy in children with urolithiasis
Authors: Lobanova Antonina D. , Zorkin Sergey N. , Bayazitov Rimir R. , Shakhnovskiy Dmitry S.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The method of choice in the treatment of urolithiasis in children is remote shock wave lithotripsy (RSWL). Due to the vastness of the indications, the effectiveness of this method does not correspond to the expected one, which led to the search for predictive factors of the success of the RSWL and the creation of nomograms to determine its effectiveness.
The aim of the work is to identify significant factors influencing the success of remote shock wave lithotripsy and to develop a nomogram to determine its effectiveness in children with urolithiasis.
Materials and methods. Two hundred seventy nine patients (305 renal units) with renal urolithiasis were examined. The median age of the patients was 119 (44–175) months. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination. The RSWL is completed. The criterion for the effectiveness of RSWL was the absence of fragments of concretions > 3 mm in the urinary tract during a control ultrasound performed after 3 months. The data of patients between groups with successful and ineffective RSWL were compared according to the following parameters: gender, age, body mass index, presence of surgical interventions, distance from skin to stone, side of the lesion, two-sidedness of the process, exact localization of concretions, their number, size, volume, and density.
Results. The parameters that have a positive effect on the outcome of RSWL are: female gender, two-sided process, location in one renal compartment, smaller size, volume and density of the stone. The effect of lithotripsy is advers affected by the age of patients from 6 to 14 years, the location of the stone in the lower group of cups. To create a nomogram, variables were selected using logistic regression analysis in accordance with the clinical and statistical significance of each of factors with a deviation of less effective signs. The final nomogram included the following variables: gender, age, exact location, multiplicity of location, and average density, size and volume of stones according to computed tomography (CT) data.
Conclusion. The developed by us nomogram to determine the effectiveness of RSWL is a preoperative planning tool that allows for a personalized and objective approach to the treatment of sick children with urolithiasis. The introduction of such tools into clinical practice for evaluating the effectiveness of operations will optimize the choice of an adequate method of treating patients, increase the effectiveness of operations, reduce the number of additional surgical and anesthetic aids and the duration of the child’s stay in the hospital.
Diagnosis, course, and prognostic outcomes of pyelonephritis in children
Authors: Smirnova Anastasiya I. , Zokirov Nurali Z. , Sytkov Valentin V. , Fedorova Elena V. , Sukhodolsky Andrey A. , Kolosova Polina A. , Ranshakov Aleksey S.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Timely diagnosis of various forms of pyelonephritis in children requires special attention and knowledge concerning clear clinical and laboratory criteria, since pyelonephritis tends to become chronic and contributes to the formation of chronic renal failure. The aim of the review is to establish the leading factors of formation, diagnosis, and prognosis determining the features of the course and outcomes of pyelonephritis in children. Pubmed, Google Scholar, Medline, and eLIBRARY.RU databases were used in the review. Pyelonephritis has been established to be a variant of endogenous infection caused by opportunistic bacteria that can live in the body for a long time and lead to infection only under certain conditions. Hematogenous and direct invasion is relatively rare. The clinical picture of pyelonephritis in children is quite diverse and depends on various factors. Given that insufficiently examined patients have a high risk of chronization of the course of the disease with the subsequent formation of foci of nephrosclerosis, an accurate diagnosis of the location of lesions in pyelonephritis is necessary. After receiving urine test data, determining biomarkers of the activity of the process and the presence of clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis in children, it is necessary to immediately prescribe empirical antibacterial therapy with prior urine culture and mandatory determination of antibiotic resistance, which will significantly reduce the risks of complications and nephrosclerosis.
Central hypersomnias in children
Authors: Lebedev Vladislav V. , Kozhevnikova Olga V. , Gazaryan Andrey A.
Published: December 2024

Increased daytime sleepiness is an important symptom of disturbed night sleep, which should not be neglected. Hypersomnia reduces the quality of life, complicates socialization, can provoke insomnia, impulsive behaviour, and even depression or suicidal tendencies. The causes of increased daytime sleepiness may be non-compliance with sleep hygiene, nighttime sleep disorders (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, etc.). If these conditions are excluded, you need to pay attention to rare forms of sleep pathology included in the group of central hypersomnia.
Aim of the review: to determine the prevalence, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, and treatment of hypersomnia in children.
Among the central hypersomnia, narcolepsy is more common than the rest in the population. Idiopathic hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin syndrome are more rare forms of pathology. The pathogenesis of central hypersomnia has not yet been sufficiently studied, disorders of the immune system are of key importance, but there may be other causes. The leading clinical manifestation is daytime sleepiness, which worsens the child’s quality of life. In the diagnosis of hypersomnia, polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test (MTLS) are of key importance, in some cases other diagnostic methods (MRI) should be used. Pharmacotherapy relieves the condition in sick children, but does not completely eliminate the symptoms. New medicines are being developed. Treatment of hypertension should be comprehensive, not limited to drug therapy.