bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low concentrations of sodium arsenite induce hepatotoxicity in prepubertal male rats
Authors: Samelo Ricardo R. , da Cunha de Medeiros Paloma , de Carvalho Cavalcante Deborah N. , Aranha Maria L. G. , Duarte Fabio A. , de Castro Ítalo B. , Ribeiro Daniel A. , Perobelli Juliana E.
Published: December 2019

Arsenic (As) can contaminate air, soil, water, and organisms through mobilization of natural mineralogical deposits or anthropogenic actions. Inorganic‐As compounds are more toxic and widely available in aquatic environments, including drinking water reservoir catchments. Since little is known about its effects on prepubertal mammals, the present study focused on it. Hence, As was administered through drinking water to male Wistar rats from postnatal day 23 to 53. Negative control group received vehicle only (filtered water); As 1 group received AsNaO2 at 0.01 mg L−1 and As2 group received AsNaO2 at 10 mg L−1. It was investigated hepatic and renal toxicity of AsNaO2 (ie, histopathology and apoptosis analysis), as well as its mutagenicity (ie, micronucleus test in liver and bone marrow), cytotoxicity (ie, frequency and type of erythrocytes in blood), and genotoxicity (ie, comet assay in blood). Also, As determination was performed in hepatic and renal tissues. Data obtained revealed that immature organisms present a pattern of arsenic accumulation similar to that observed in adults, suggesting similarity in metabolic processes. In addition, liver showed to be an important target tissue for As toxicity in these experimental conditions, exhibiting infiltrate of defense cells, DNA damages, and increased apoptosis rates.
Expression, purification, and characterization of N‐acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol de‐N‐acetylase (ScGpi12), the enzyme that catalyses the second step of GPI biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Chandraker Anupriya , Komath Sneha Sudha
Published: December 2019

ScGpi12 is a 304 amino residue long endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, which participates in the de‐N‐acetylation of N‐acetylglucosaminyl phosphatidylinositol to produce glucosaminyl phosphatidylinositol in the second step of GPI anchor biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ScGpi12 was cloned in a pMAL‐c2x vector and expressed heterologously in Rosetta‐gami (DE3) strain of E. coli. Affinity purification of the protein yielded low amounts of the MBP‐tagged enzyme, which was active. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful purification of full‐length Gpi12 enzyme, without the accompanying GroEL that was seen in other studies. The presence of the tag did not greatly alter the activity of the enzyme. ScGpi12 was optimally active in the pH range of 6.5–8.5 and at 30 °C. It was not sensitive to treatment with EDTA but was stimulated by multiple divalent cations. The divalent cation did not alter the pH profile of the enzyme, suggesting no role of the divalent metal in creating a nucleophile for catalysis. Divalent cations did, however, enhance the turnover number of the enzyme for its substrate, suggesting that they are probably required for the production of a catalytically competent active site by bringing the active site residues within optimum distance of the substrate for catalysis.
Quadratic Split Quaternion Polynomials: Factorization and Geometry
Authors: Scharler Daniel F. , Siegele Johannes , Schröcker Hans-Peter
Published: December 2019

We investigate factorizability of a quadratic split quaternion polynomial. In addition to inequality conditions for existence of such factorization, we provide lucid geometric interpretations in the projective space over the split quaternions.
A novel motion-model-free UWB short-range positioning method
Authors: Ayoobi Navid , Ghavami Mohammad , Rabiei Amir Masoud
Published: December 2019

In recent years, the number of location-based services is increasing and consequently, the researchers’ attentions are captivated in designing accurate real-time positioning systems. Despite having a good performance in outdoor environment, global positioning system is not capable of estimating an object’s position in an indoor environment precisely. In this paper, we present a novel tracking algorithm for indoor environment with a known floor plan. The object location is estimated by utilizing the information of the multipath components which are created by one physical and some virtual anchors. We will link this information to the floor plan by defining a channel model that has a combination of stochastic and deterministic traits. As we have used only one physical anchor in this paper, we would encounter several challenges such as lack of data association and existence of clutters amid real data. We dealt with these problems through random finite set methodology. Additionally, we will demonstrate that the proposed method is not restricted by the model of the motion and is capable to precisely track the trajectory. It will be shown that it provides a better accuracy, particularly in nonlinear trajectories, compared with two other relevant models which are adopting linear motion model.
Effect of essential oils on cattle gastrointestinal nematodes assessed by egg hatch, larval migration and mortality testing
Authors: Saha S. , Lachance S.
Published: December 2019

The efficacy of eight essential oils (EOs) (Solidago canadensis,Eucalyptus globulus,Pelargonium asperum,Ocimum basilicum,Thymus vulgaris,Mentha piperita,Cymbopogon citratusandCymbopogon martinii) against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) was evaluated using eggs collected from naturally infected cattle and cultured infective larvae (L3). The larvae species cultured from the faecal samples and subjected to twoin vitrotests wereHaemonchusspp. (55.5%),Trichostrongylusspp. (28.0%),Cooperiaspp. (15.0%) andOesophagostomumspp. (1.5%). The genus of EOCymbopogon(C. citratusandC. martinii) showed the highest anthelmintic activity at the dose of 8.75 mg/ml, for the egg hatch, the larval migration and mortality assays. All of the EOs tested reduced egg hatching to rates <19.0%, compared to the controls (water and water + Tween 20) that had rates >92.0%.Cymbopogon citratusandC. martiniitreatments resulted in 11.6 and 8.1% egg hatch, had the lowest migration of larvae through sieves, 60.5 and 54.9%, and the highest mortality rates, 63.3 and 56.3%, respectively. Dose–response tests showed that EO fromC. citratushad the lowest larval LC50and migration inhibition concentration (IC50) values of 3.89 and 7.19 mg/ml, respectively, compared to two other EOs (C. martiniiandO. basilicum). The results suggest that EOs from the genusCymbopogoncan be interesting candidates for nematode control in cattle, although it may prove challenging to deliver concentrations to the gastrointestinal tract sufficient to effectively manage GINs.
Vietnam's trillion-dong attempt to reform English education
Authors: Ngo Xuan Minh
Published: December 2019

In Vietnam, English has been held in high regard since the country embarked on its economic reform known as Doi Moi (Renewal) in 1986 (Ngo, 2018a; Nguyen, 2016). Yet, over the past decades, the country's English teaching sector has consistently been underperforming (Le, in press; Ngo, 2018a, 2018b; Nguyen, 2016; Nguyen & Nguyen, 2019).
Hard to Bear
Authors: Miao Peng , Li Xilin , Xie Xiaofei
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Establishing a causal relationship between state boredom and risk taking is contributory to understand the nature of boredom and its influences. This research examines how and why state boredom influences financial risk taking. Across multiple inductions of state boredom, we found that state boredom increased participants’ preference for engaging in financial risk-taking behavior (Studies 1, 2, and 3) and actual financial risk-taking behavior (Studies 2 and 4). An internal meta-analysis verified the robustness of this effect. We also assessed four potential mediators and found motivation to seek stimulation as the best explicable mediator (Studies 3 and 4). Overall, the current research signified the role of state boredom in predicting financial risk taking as a function of motivation to seek stimulation.
Differential DAMP release was observed in the sputum of COPD, asthma and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) patients
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Tan Xiaoyu , Liang Yue , Hou Changchun , Qu Dongming , Li Mengze , Huang Qinghua
Published: December 2019

Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) has been under intensive focus; however, the levels of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can activate the innate and adaptive immune responses of ACO are unknown. The present study aimed to examine the levels of some DAMPs in asthma, COPD, and ACO and to identify the associations between clinical characteristics and DAMPs in ACO. Sputum from subjects with asthma (n = 87) or COPD (n = 73) and ACO (n = 68) or from smokers (n = 62) and never-smokers (n = 62) was analyzed for high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), LL-37, S100A8, and galectin-3 (Gal-3). The concentration of HMGB1, HSP70, LL-37, and S100A8 proteins in sputum from ACO patients was significantly elevated, whereas that of Gal-3 was reduced, compared to that of smokers and never-smokers. The levels of HMGB1 and Gal-3 proteins in ACO patients were elevated compared to those in asthma patients. The sputum from ACO patients showed an increase in the levels of LL-37 and S100A8 proteins compared to that of asthma patients, whereas the levels decreased compared to those of COPD patients. The concentrations of HMGB1, HSP70, LL-37, and S100A8 proteins in the sputum of 352 participants were negatively correlated, whereas the levels of Gal-3 were positively correlated, with FEV1, FEV1%pred, and FEV1/FVC. Sputum HMGB1 had a high AUC of the ROC curve while distinguishing ACO patients from asthma patients. Meanwhile, sputum LL-37 had a high AUC of the ROC curve in differentiating asthma and COPD. The release of sputum DAMPs in ACO may be involved in chronic airway inflammation in ACO; the sputum HMGB1 level might serve as a valuable biomarker for distinguishing ACO from asthma, and the sputum LL-37 level might be a biomarker for differentiating asthma and COPD.
Highly effective photon-to-cooling thermal device
Authors: Tian Yanpei , Qian Lijuan , Liu Xiaojie , Ghanekar Alok , Xiao Gang , Zheng Yi
Published: December 2019

Photon-to-cooling phenomenon relies on the atmospheric transparency window to dissipate heat from the earth into outer space, which is an energy-saving cooling technique. This work demonstrates a highly effective aluminized Polymethylpentene (PMP) thin-film thermal structure. The emissivity of aluminized PMP thin films matches well to the atmospheric transparency window so as to minimize parasitic heat losses. This photon-to-cooling structure yields a temperature drop of 8.5 K in comparison to the ambient temperature and a corresponding radiative cooling power of 193 W/m2 during a one-day cycle. The easy-to-manufacture feature of an aluminized PMP thin film makes it a practically scalable radiative cooling method.
Low-threshold Sheet Optical Parametric Oscillator by Triply-resonant Cavity Phase Matching
Authors: Wei Xing , Lv Xinjie , Zhu ShiNing
Published: December 2019

Microcavity laser represents a novel type of integrated platform potentially allowing low-threshold and high-efficiency lasing behavior. Phase matching is a key parameter to achieve efficient lasing processes. Here we report a study on a triply-resonant phase-matching process in a sheet optical parametric oscillator. The oscillator contains an x-cut KTiOPO4 crystal, and the triply-resonant phase-matching was achieved by temperature tuning of the cavity. The measured oscillation threshold is as low as 13 μJ at 243.6 °C temperature along with a slope efficiency of 17.5% at 65.3 °C. Experimental results show that under some temperatures, triply-resonant sheet optical parametric oscillator can realize a limited number of longitudinal modes (n ≤ 3). Our results represent the first observation of triply-resonant phase-matching process in an on-chip optical parametric oscillator, opening up the possibilities on future applications including quantum chips, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and narrow-band two-photon sources.
Preparation and luminescence properties of a M16 heterometallic coinage metal chalcogenide cluster
Authors: Polgar Alexander M. , Franzke Yannick J. , Lebedkin Sergei , Weigend Florian , Corrigan John F.
Published: December 2019

A hexadeca-nuclear, N-heterocyclic carbene stabilized gold(i)–copper(i)-sulfido cluster is reported, which emits yellow-orange in the solid state.
Polymerization-induced emission
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhang HaoKe , Liu ShunJie , Sun JingZhi , Zhang XingHong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2019

Polymerization-induced emission: a chemical route for uniting nonluminescent monomers into luminescent polymers.
Magnetic field impact on nanofluid convective flow in a vented trapezoidal cavity using Buongiorno's mathematical model
Authors: Benzema Mahdi , Benkahla Youb Khaled , Boudiaf Ahlem , Ouyahia Sief-Eddine , El Ganaoui Mohammed
Published: December 2019

Numerical study for the effect of an external magnetic field on the mixed convection of Al2O3–water Newtonian nanofluid in a right-angle vented trapezoidal cavity was performed using the finite volume method. The non-homogeneous Buongiorno model is applied for numerical description of the dynamic phenomena inside the cavity. The nanofluid, with low temperature and high concentration, enters the cavity through the upper open border, and is evacuated through opening placed at the right end of the bottom wall. The cavity is heated from the inclined wall, while the remainder walls are adiabatic and impermeable to both the base fluid and nanoparticles. After validation of the model, the analysis was carried out for a wide range of Hartmann number (0 ≼ Ha ≼ 100) and nanoparticles volume fraction (0 ≼ ϕ0 ≼ 0.06). The flow behavior as well as the temperature and nanoparticles distribution shows a particular sensitivity to the variations of both the Hartmann number and the nanofluid concentration. The domination of conduction mechanism at high Hartmann numbers reflects the significant effect of Brownian diffusion which tends to uniform the distribution of nanoparticles in the domain. The average Nusselt number which increases with the nanoparticles addition, depends strongly on the Hartmann number. Finally, a correlation predicting the average Nusselt number within such geometry as a function of the considered parameters is proposed.
Modeling of hall mobility for In2O3 thin film by metal organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Qiang Lei , Pei Yanli , Yao Ruohe
Published: December 2019

In the light of variable temperature (4.2–300 K) Hall-effect measurements a physics-based model for Hall mobility of indium oxide (In2O3), thin film processed by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been established. It illustrates the relation among Hall mobility, scattering mechanisms and carrier concentrations exhaustively. Dependence of the potential barrier between grain boundaries on the carrier concentration has been factored in. Concomitantly, account have been taken of exponential tails and the degeneracy in In2O3 film. The proposed model reassured by a comparison of the experimental and theoretical calculated data is feasible and reliable. Results demonstrate that under low carrier densities, the prevailing scattering mechanism would be grain boundary scattering, nevertheless, upon exceeding the concentration of 1019cm−3, Hall mobility is chiefly confined to scattering by ionized impurities.
Development of Composite Propeller Blade Model for High Velocity Impacts on Aircraft Fuselage using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Votsios Vasilis , Martino-Gonzalez Esteban , Lopez-Puente Jorge
Published: December 2019

An open rotor blade failure and release event can result in a high energy impact on an aircraft fuselage that can reduce the strength of the structure and challenge the safe continuation of the flight and landing. This work highlights the development of a numerical approach and methodology in order to improve the assessment of the damage predictions of a composite propeller blade impact against the fuselage of an aircraft to be able to estimate a minimum thickness of shielding for the full protection of the airframe. A number of dynamic simulations were carried out, from rigid up to deformable and frangible projectiles at different angles of incidence, varying the material and the thicknesses using Abaqus/Explicit. The finite element (FE) models for blade and target were calibrated and validated separately allowing to capture the right behavior and failure modes. Impact tests of partial blade fragments against stiffened composite panels were correlated with simulations and the obtained results show a good agreement regarding deformations and delaminated area. Finally, a full blade FE model was generated and used for the fuselage impact numerical analysis. This was done within the frame of the Open Rotor project funded by Clean Sky European research programme.
Computation of mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of CNT/polymer multifunctional nanocomposites using numerical and analytical models
Authors: Tserpes Konstantinos , Tzatzadakis Vasileios
Published: December 2019

In the present work, the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of CNT/polymer nanocomposites are computed using numerical and analytical models as functions of material parameters (CNT aspect ratio, CNT waviness, presence of the interphase) and processing factors (CNT volume fraction, formation of agglomerates and the number and arrangement of CNTs in the agglomerates). The computation is performed using representative unit cells (RUCs) of CNT agglomerates. The RUCs are solved numerically using the FE method and analytically using the Mori-Tanaka method. At the same time, homogenization is applied in the RUCs. The results from the parametric study reveal that the considered parameters and factors govern the reinforcement effectiveness and, under specific combinations, might counterbalance the multifunctionality of nanocomposites.
New Criterion for Aircraft Multiaxial Fatigue Analysis
Authors: Maslak Tetiana , Karuskevich Mikhail , Pejkowski Łukasz
Published: December 2019

The complexity of analytical and experimental estimation of aircraft components fatigue life is determined by the irregular character of the load’s sequence, a number of stress concentrators, multiaxial stress state. Proposed early multiaxial fatigue criteria are aimed to reduce the complex multi axial loading to an equivalent uniaxial loading. These criteria cover different categories of metals but taking into account the wide variety of constructional materials, modes of loading, environmental conditions, the instrumental structural health monitoring looks a reasonable alternative or at least a strong complement to existing multiaxial fatigue analysis procedures. The new criterion has been proposed as a result of multi-scale levels study of metal surface transformation under fatigue.
The Project “Parsifal”: Prandtlplane Architecture For The Sustainable Improvement Of Future Airplanes
Authors: Cipolla Vittorio , Frediani Aldo , Abu Salem Karim , Picchi Scardaoni Marco , Binante Vincenzo
Published: December 2019

The activities reported in this paper are part of the project “PARSIFAL” (Prandtlplane ARchitecture for the Sustainable Improvement of Future AirpLanes), funded by the European Community under the Horizon 2020 program and coordinated by the University of Pisa (Italy); the other partners of the project are: Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands), ONERA (France), Arts et Métiers ParisTech-ENSAM (France), DLR (Germany) and SkyBox Engineering (Italy). The paper presents a summary of preliminary design activities, carried out with the project PARSIFAL in order to study the introduction of box-wing aircraft, known as “PrandtlPlane”, in the air transport system. PARSIFAL aims to investigate the adoption of the PrandtlPlane over short-to-medium routes, where aircraft compliant with the ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code “C” operate. According to such ICAO standard, the PrandtlPlane developed in PARSIFAL has a wingspan limited to 36m but, if compared to reference aircraft such as B737 and A320 families aircraft, it can improve the passenger capacity from about 200 to more than 300 units. This paper presents the design steps performed for the definition of a “baseline configuration” of the PrP, introducing the requirements and describing both the conceptual and preliminary design phases, including the high fidelity investigations CFD and FEM analyses.
To the issue of evaluating sonic boom overpressure and loudness
Authors: Bashkirov Igor G. , Chernyshev Sergey L. , Gorbovskoy Vladlen S. , Kazhan Andrey V. , Kazhan Vyacheslav G. , Kovalenko Victor V.
Published: December 2019

At present, in the world there is a growing interest in the development of a new generation of supersonic passenger aircraft. One of the main problems of creating such aircraft is to ensure both an acceptable sonic boom level and high aerodynamic characteristics in the supersonic cruising mode. This requires the development of reliable methods for obtaining the near field under the plane with taking into account the influence of the boundary layer, calculation of overpressure signature on the ground and evaluation of sonic boom loudness. In this work four variants of the equivalent body of revolution of minimum sonic boom with different nose sharpening were investigated for an aircraft weighing 19 tons in supersonic cruising flight at Mach number of 1.7 and altitude of 15.5 km using the software package for solving the Reynolds–averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) ANSYS CFX. A macro for calculating the overpressure signature on the ground for the distribution of disturbances in the near field under the aircraft and a program for evaluating the sonic boom loudness in various metrics were developed. Computational mesh verification of the results was carried out, the obtained overpressure signatures were compared with theoretical data and calculation results from the software package for the integration of complete system of Euler equations by finite–difference method X–CODE. The effect of the sharpening of the nose part on aerodynamic drag and sound boom characteristics was shown. The work was done in the interests of the international project RUMBLE (RegUlation and norM for low sonic Boom LEvels).
Evaluation of vortex-blade interaction utilizing flow feature detection techniques
Authors: Vinha Nuno , Vallespin David , Valero Eusebio , de Pablo Valentin , Cuesta Santiago
Published: December 2019

The extraordinary growth in computational capabilities over the last few decades has enabled the numerical simulation of massive and complex flow problems with high accuracy. Not surprisingly, CFD has become a crucial tool in the design of pioneering aircraft engine architectures, such as CROR engines. Noise and performance requirements lead the design process from a very early stage, thus requiring deep investigation of the acoustic and aerodynamic behaviour. Monitoring the trajectory of the vortices generated at the tip of the front rotating blades is of critical importance to understand and prevent vortex-blade interaction with subsequent stages, as this non-linear flow topology strongly influences the aerodynamic performance and acoustic footprints of the engine. This manuscript follows a flow feature-based approach to visualize and track these coherent structures, for the particular case of CROR. The paper starts by evaluating the suitability and performance of four typical region-based (RB) vortex detection criteria, which delimit rotating flow regions, and one line-based (LB) method that allows the reconstruction of the imaginary centre lines of the vortices. Then, two novel methodologies are introduced that improve the original assortment of seeds required by the tested LB method, as they increase the probability of these seeds to grow into a tip vortex line, providing faster and more accurate answers during the design-to-noise iterative process.
Parametric Design Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Variable Pitot Inlets for Transonic and Supersonic Civil Aviation
Authors: Kazula Stefan , Wöllner Mark , Grasselt David , Höschler Klaus
Published: December 2019

This paper reveals the influence of selected geometric parameters on the aerodynamic performance of circular variable aero engine inlets in transonic and supersonic civil aviation. The trade-off in inlet design and aerodynamic evaluation parameters are presented. The approach to investigate the dependencies between the aerodynamic and geometric parameters at different flight conditions by means of a parametric design study is introduced. The dependencies of inlet drag and efficiency from geometric parameters at flight speeds of Mach 0.95 up to Mach 1.6 are identified. Although entailing additional weight, the inlet length represents the parameter with the highest potential for drag reduction by up to 50% in the selected design space. Ideal geometries for variable pitot inlets are determined. After considering weight, their potential range benefit nearly disappears for subsonic applications, but remains above 20% for supersonic flight at Mach 1.6.
Dynamic performance simulation and control of an aeroengine by using NARX models
Authors: De Giorgi Maria Grazia , Ficarella Antonio , Quarta Marco
Published: December 2019

Dynamic aeroengine model plays a key role in the design of engine control systems. Moreover, modelling of the engine using performance simulations is an important step in the design process in order to reduce costs, decrease risks and shortening development period. Parameters such as engine spool speeds, vibration, oil temperature, exhaust gas temperature, and fuel flow are often used to estimate performance in gas turbine engines. In this study, two artificial neural network methods were used for the prediction, under transient operations, of one of the most important engine parameters, the Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT).

The data used for model training are time series datasets of several different flight missions, which have been created using a gas path analysis, and that allow to simulate the engine transient behaviour. The study faces the challenge of setting up a robust and reliable Nonlinear Input-Output (NIO) and a Nonlinear AutoRegressive with eXog nous inputs (NARX) models, by means of a good selection of training.

At the end of the study, two network that predicts the engine EGT in transient operations with the smallest error have been identified.
Linked Data Architecture for Assistance and Traceability in Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Friedemann Marko , Wenzel Ken , Singer Adrian
Published: December 2019

Traceability systems and digital assistance solutions are becoming increasingly vital parts of modern manufacturing environments. They help tracking quality-related information throughout the production process and support workers and maintenance personnel to cope with the increasing complexity of manufacturing technologies. In order to support these use cases, the integration of information from different data sources is required to create the necessary insights into processes, equipment and production quality.

Common challenges for such integration scenarios are the various data formats, encodings and software interfaces that are involved in the acquisition, transmission, management and retrieval of relevant product and process data.

This paper proposes a Linked Data based system architecture for modular and decoupled assistance software. Its web-oriented approach allows to connect two usually disparate data sets: semantic descriptions of complex production systems on the one hand and high-volume and high-velocity production data on the other hand. The proposed concept is illustrated with a typical example from the manufacturing domain. The described End-of-Line quality assessment on forming machines is used for traceability and product monitoring.
FASTEN: EU-Brazil cooperation in IoT for manufacturing. The Embraer use
Authors: Reis Ricardo , Diniz Flávio , Mizioka Luciana , Yamasaki Rosana , Lemos Gléverson , Quintiães Marta , Menezes Ruben , Caldas Narciso , Vita Roberto , Schultz Ralph , Arrais Rafael , Pereira Ariane
Published: December 2019

FASTEN is an H2020 project under a bilateral call UE-Brazil. Embraer is a global aerospace company, with manufacturing and assembly lines in Europe, Brazil and USA. FASTEN aims to advance IoT and IoT enabled applications to support Industry 4.0 concepts, namely in the area of automation and additive manufacturing. The project results will be demonstrated through two pilots: one in Brazil, lead by a ThyssenKrupp use case, and the other in Europe, at Embraer facilities in Portugal. The project results for the Embraer use case will be presented, with emphasis on bilateral collaboration gains provided by exploiting common frameworks for development and open architecture, and future opportunities for exploitation discussed.
GICS, a new concept to enhance in-flight safety and security of commercial aviation
Authors: Lesturgie Marc , Chan Hian Lim , Azarian Sylvain
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a new concept of aircraft tracking based on a LEO constellation of small satellites, each of them carrying receiving and transmitting devices in order to check the integrity of the ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast) positioning information and proceed with a non-cooperative independent localization of the aircraft, if a flight anomaly comes out. To do so, on side of the conventional ADS-B processing, authors propose to add a multilateration process and two active radar modes, able to perform a finer and reliable localization of the aircraft, as well as a first information on the nature of the flight anomaly. The paper deals with a preliminary system analysis, although underpinned by some illustrations of existing sensor technologies, already or nearly operational in space. The concept has been patented [1].
The Pilot Influence on the Flutter Velocity of the Lightweight Plane
Authors: Sommer Tomáš , Steinbauer Pavel , Slavík Svatomír , Vilímek Miloslav , Kratochvíl Aleš
Published: December 2019

Flutter of the airplane is serious problem which is carefully investigated during design and testing both computationally and experimentally. The lightweight plane dynamics is however influenced by pilot, by his muscular transfer function. This study shortly describes results of experimental investigation of pilot's modal characteristics from 1 Hz up to 70 Hz. Next discusses the pilot influence on modal parameters of longitudinal flight control system of lightweight airplane. The change is aimed on the natural frequency and damping. This study also discusses the change of flutter velocity with dependence of new modal parameters influenced by pilot. Including a comparison with the current methodology - free and blocked longitudinal flight control system.
Towards the harmonisation of Just Culture across organisations: the London Luton Airport case
Authors: Kirwan Barry , Bettignies-Thiebaux Beatrice , Bolger Liam
Published: December 2019

Organisations at an airport, including the airport authority, airlines, air traffic management, ground handling and other services, must all have a Just Culture policy and system in place, according to EC regulation 376/2014. This is to protect employees and also to promote reporting and learning from safety-related events or hazards. However, there may be differences in such policies and the ways in which they are enacted, including the openness of the culture, the investigation processes, and the degree of authentic support from senior and middle management. As part of the H2020-funded Future Safety Sky project, and in collaboration with London Luton Airport (LLA), a Just Culture Framework has been developed which acts as an over-arching Just Culture policy for all companies operating at the airport. This paper shows how this framework was developed and ratified, with input from a number of companies based at LTN.
COTS based GNSS Receiver with Precise Point Positioning for CubeSats
Authors: Pandele Alexandru , Cherciu Costel , Trușculescu Marius , Drăgășanu Claudiu , Mihai Sergiu-Ştefan
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the work towards developing a COTS based GNSS receiver and integrating Precise Point Positioning algorithms to facilitate close proximity operations for CubeSats in formation flying and during docking or rendezvous manoeuvres. We initially present the driving requirements identified for these types of missions. Besides fitting a standard CubeSat, the receiver has to weigh less than 0.3 kg, consume less than 5 W and be multi-frequency and multi-onstellation. Next, follows the identification of a commercial off the shelf GNSS receiver that can be easily customized to fit the basic requirements of a GNSS space receiver and on which Precise Orbit Determination (POD) algorithms can be implemented. For the start of the activity three commercial receivers were selected as proposed candidates to be traded off regarding the degree to which they fulfil the requirements, the degree of openness and of manufacturer support. A COTS microcontroller shall be then selected to control the operation of the COTS receiver. We then expand on the proposed general architecture of the system from COTS modules to their integration philosophy, with a discussion on the means of delivering the correction factors to the receiver. PPP corrections are expected to be delivered either via ground stations or via the geostationary satellite based commercial services. The PPP algorithms are to be implemented on the microcontroller, which will also try to maximize the availability of a precise PVT solution by incorporating a neural network fed by an orbit propagator and the PPP algorithm. The neural network shall estimate a precise position whenever PPP corrections are not available. The training of the neural network shall be done on the ground, allowing for a small footprint on board. A preliminary design of the hardware and the planned qualification plan is concluding the work.
Improving GNSS Positioning of Satellites using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Mihai Sergiu-Stefan , Selaru Dan , Ion Mihnea , Pandele Alexandru , Balan Mugurel
Published: December 2019

Small and nanosatellites have a very limited energy budget and their precise positioning capacity is limited in time as positioning sensors are, in general, power demanding. In this context, the article aims to present a comparison between the positioning results of a power demanding Precise Point Positioning (PPP) algorithm and the ones provided as the output of a low-power consumption Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The data that is to be processed with PPP and ANN consists of GNSS measurements. In order to validate the results, we compare the outputs with a valid set of data containing the real positions and velocities, which will be referred to as control data. The novelty of this article consists of the ANN architecture, which is designed to better exploit information coming from both an Orbit Propagator (OP) and GNSS measurements. The idea behind the OP is to estimate the Earth-orbiting satellite’s position and velocity at any moment in time. Its main disadvantage comes from the finite precision of the machine that performs the computations. Thus, numerical errors accumulate in time and the estimation becomes less and less accurate. Simultaneously, the GNSS measurements alone are not sufficiently precise to allow complex orbital maneuvers such as inspection and controlled flight formation, giving only approximations of the actual satellite’s position and velocity. The ANN is trained to compensate for the errors that the OP and the GNSS receiver intrinsically have. Two main approaches are to be tested, considering that the OP gives estimated positions and velocities with a sufficiently large frequency, as follows: (i) the GNSS data is queried at the same frequency with the OP; this approach is expected to give satisfactory results, because the estimation can be improved faster by the ANN, having constant available GNSS data. (ii) the GNSS data is acquired at a much slower frequency; the challenge for the ANN is now to better improve the predictions with limited GNSS readings. Theoretical aspects regarding the development of the ANN and its training phase are, too, described in the current paper, followed by the comparison with the control data which reveals the performance of PPP algorithms and ANN.
Wind Influence on Miro-launcher Dynamics Model
Authors: Chelaru Teodor-Viorel , Pana Valentin , Onel Alexandru Iulian , Afilipoae Tudorel-Petronel , Cojocaru Andrei Filip , Vasile Ionut Cosmin
Published: December 2019

The paper presents aspects regarding wind influence in dynamics of the three stages micro-launcher. The work is focus on atmospheric turbulence, with dedicated linear model based on characteristics correlation functions, that can be attached to the rigid body model with six degrees of freedom. The results analyzed will be the flight parameters of the launcher, with the wind influence. The novelty of the paper consists in dedicated wind models developed and their implementation in six degrees of freedom micro-launcher model.
Les applications de la microdissection laser en histologie
Authors: Legrès Luc G.
Published: December 2019

La microdissection laser permet d’isoler des cellules, phénotypiquement identiques, à partir d’une lame de microscope portant un tissu biologique, dans l’optique de réaliser des analyses moléculaires différentielles, spécifiques de ces populations isolées. La technologie s’applique notamment en oncologie, pour préciser des mécanismes moléculaires qui permettent d’adapter un traitement lié au diagnostic et à la recherche en biologie, mais aussi en criminalistique, pour la sélection tissulaire, en neurologie pour des études post-mortem sur des patients atteints de maladie d’Alzheimer, pour des études de clonalité à partir de cultures cellulaires, et en cytogénétique, pour décrypter les réarrangements chromosomiques. C’est le chaînon manquant entre observations cliniques et mécanismes physiologiques intrinsèques des tissus biologiques. Nous aborderons dans cette revue ses applications majeures.
Plötzlicher, unerwarteter Tod bei Epilepsie
Authors: Nass Robert Daniel , Surges Rainer
Published: December 2019

Der plötzliche, unerwartete Tod eines Menschen mit Epilepsie wird mit dem englischen Akronym SUDEP bezeichnet (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy). Etwa einer von 1000 Epilepsiepatienten stirbt hieran, vor allem jene mit häufigeren nächtlichen generalisierten konvulsiven Anfällen. Die Mehrzahl der SUDEP-Fälle ist durch postiktuale Störungen der Atem- und Kreislauffunktion mit primärer zentraler Apnoe und sekundärer Asystolie verursacht. Die beteiligten zellulären Pathomechanismen sind jedoch noch ungeklärt. Die Aufklärung aller Patienten und Angehörigen wird durch angloamerikanische Fachgesellschaften empfohlen und von den meisten auch gewünscht. Entscheidend für die Prävention ist eine konsequente Anfallskontrolle. Zudem kann eine nächtliche Supervision das Risiko für SUDEP relevant mindern, dafür stehen klinisch geprüfte alltagstaugliche Anfallsdetektionssysteme zur Verfügung.
Bildgebung bei Epilepsie
Authors: Marquetand Justus , Bender Benjamin , Focke Niels K
Published: December 2019

In der Diagnostik der Epilepsien sind bildgebende Verfahren ein wesentlicher Bestandteil. Neben bildgebender Notfalldiagnostik und verschiedener MRT-Protokolle nach erstmaligem epileptischem Anfall werden häufige epileptogene Läsionen und deren bildgebende Charakteristika dargestellt. Darüber hinaus werden bildgebende Verfahren (VBM, DTI, Quellenlokalisation, nuklearmedizinische Verfahren, etc.) erläutert und deren Nutzen in der prächirurgischen Epilepsiediagnostik aufgezeigt.

In diesem Übersichtsartikel wollen wir einen Überblick über das wachsende Feld der bildgebenden Verfahren bei Epilepsie und klinisch relevante neue Entwicklungen geben.
Monsters and near-death experiences in Eric McCormack’s First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women
Authors: Kuester Martin
Published: December 2019

Following Linda Hutcheon’s definition of parody as “repetition with a difference”, this essay exposes how a contemporary Canadian novel parodically responds to seminal Early Modern English pre-texts. Eric McCormack is not only a Canadian postmodernist (and postcolonial) writer born in Scotland but also a specialist in Early Modern English literature and thus an ideal representative of the intertextual situation of Canadian writing between literary tradition and the challenges of postmodern/postcolonial writing. The essay interprets McCormack’s sexual gothic novel First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women discussing the way in which a literal or even literalist—rather than metaphorical—interpretation of literary and religious texts of the Early Modern period can make an important and sometimes harrowing difference in the lives of somewhat unsophisticated literary characters. McCormack’s ominously named character Andrew Halfnight literally interprets religious and literary texts he sees as signposts and guidelines of his personal behavior, thus showing how a literal interpretation of “canonical” texts limits the character’s ability to lead a self-determined happy life. The texts he refers to include the pamphlet The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women by Scottish reformer John Knox, Robert Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy and John Milton’s Paradise Lost, and these subtexts are more than challenged through their intertextual transfer into erotic or perhaps even pornographic contexts which probably would have shocked the Early Modern authors (although, for example, Milton was at least not unwilling or unable to include eroticism in his work). Towards the end of the novel, the imagined reversal of the life-giving act of birth turns into a monstrous sexual act, which coincides with the protagonist’s near-death experience in an automobile accident on a snow-covered road in northern Ontario. This experience cum sexual act leads to the “un-birth” or “re-birth” of the novel’s main character into what he takes to be a happier and more fulfilled life in a paradise found or regained in Camberloo, Ontario.
Systematic quantitative analyses reveal the folk-zoological knowledge embedded in folktales
Authors: Nakawake Yo , Sato Kosuke
Published: December 2019

Researchers have argued that folktales have the pedagogical function of transmitting adaptive information about the environment. Folk-zoological knowledge, such as the predator-prey relationship among wild animals or the relationships between wild and domesticated animals, is important knowledge for foraging and pastoral societies. Here, we analysed the descriptions of the 382 animal folktales listed in a worldwide tale type index (Aarne-Thompson-Uther type index) using natural language processing (NLP) and descriptive statistics. Our analyses suggested that first, the predator-prey relationship frequently appeared in a co-occurrent animal pair within a folktale (e.g., cat and mouse or wolf and pig), and second, the motif of ‘deception’, describing the antagonistic behaviour among animals, appeared relatively higher in ‘wild and domestic animals’ and ‘wild animals’ than in other types. Furthermore, the motif of ‘deception’ appeared more frequently in pairs, corresponding to the predator-prey relationship. These results corresponded with the hypothesis that the combination of animal characters and what happens in stories represent relationships in the real world. This study makes a new contribution by demonstrating that using a combination of quantitative methods and qualitative data to study folktales broadens our understanding of the evolutionary aspects of human cultures.
Mechanics unlocks the morphogenetic puzzle of interlocking bivalved shells
Authors: Moulton Derek E. , Goriely Alain , Chirat Régis
Published: December 2019

Significance

A striking feature in bivalved seashells is that the 2 valves fit together perfectly when closed. This trait has evolved in 2 phyla from a common shell-less ancestor and has been described for hundreds of years. While its functional advantage is clear, there is no understanding of how this feature is generated. A mathematical model of the shell growth process explains how geometry and mechanics conspire to generate an interlocking pattern. This model provides a physical explanation for a prominent example of convergent evolution. By showing how variations in the mechanism create a wide variety of morphological trends the model provides insight into how biophysical processes, probably modulated by genetic factors, are manifest across scales to produce a predictable pattern.
Impact of a six weeks training program on postural stability in adolescents
Authors: Christensen Ida Kolind , Sakthivel Sukanya , Paiwand Gillah Sharif , Devantier Louise , Ovesen Therese
Published: December 2019

Introduction:

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six weeks balance training program on postural regulation in healthy adolescents aged 13–16 years.

Methods:

30 pupils from Skåde Skole participated in this study. Subjects were tested for 32 seconds in eight trials (eyes open/eyes closed, on stable ground/foam pads, head neutral/head turned) by using a Tetrax platform before and after completing a six week balance training program.

Results:

The test subjects had statistically significantly lower sway scores in position PC. The same trend was seen for position NC, PO and HR, however, this was not statistically significant. For position NO, HL, HB and HF a non-significant increase in sway value was observed.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that balance training improves vestibular function since position PC only tests the function of this system.A similar improvement was seen in the subgroup with motion sickness, however, this improvement was not statistically significant.
Flat cutoff probe for real-time electron density measurement in industrial plasma processing
Authors: Yeom H J , Kim J H , Choi D H , Choi E S , Yoon M Y , Seong D J , You Shin Jae , Lee Hyo-Chang
Published: December 2019

The microwave cutoff probe (CP) is an accurate diagnostic technique to measure absolute electron density even in processing gas plasmas. Because this technique needs the installation of two probe tips and a probe body in the plasma chamber, it may cause plasma perturbation in semiconductor plasma processing; this may increase the uncertainty of the measured value. In this work, a flat CP, which is embedded in the substrate chuck or chamber wall, is proposed to measure electron density without plasma perturbation and to monitor processing plasma in real-time. We first evaluated the performance of various types of flat CPs, such as the point CP, ring CP, and bar cutoff probe (BCP), through electromagnetic (EM) field simulation. The BCP showed better performance with clearer cut-off signal characteristics and minimization of noise signals compared with the other probe types. Therefore, we focused on the characteristics of the BCP through experiments and/or EM simulations and concluded the followings: (i) the measured electron densities of the BCP agree well with those of the conventional CP; (ii) the BCP measures the plasma density near the plasma-sheath boundary layer, which is very closely adjacent to the chamber wall or wafer; (iii) it was demonstrated for the first time that the plasma density can be measured, even though the processing wafers such as un-doped silicon, P type silicon, amorphous carbon, or amorphous carbon/SiO2 patterned wafers were placed on the flat CP; and (iv) we performed real-time measurements of the electron density using the BCP covered with the wafers in plasmas with various process gases, such as Ar, NF3, and O2. These results indicate that the chuck-embed-type or wall-type flat CP can be used as a real-time electron density measurement (monitoring) tool during industrial plasma processing, such as during etching, deposition, sputtering or implantation, and the chuck-embed-type flat CP can measure the plasma density impinging on the wafer in real-time without stopping the processing.