bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bacterial Sequential Markov Coalescent
Authors: De Maio Nicola , Wilson Daniel J
Published: March 2017

Bacteria can exchange and acquire new genetic material from other organisms directly and via the environment. This process, known as bacterial recombination, has a strong impact on the evolution of bacteria, for example, leading to the spread of antibiotic resistance across clades and species, and to the avoidance of clonal interference. Recombination hinders phylogenetic and transmission inference because it creates patterns of substitutions (homoplasies) inconsistent with the hypothesis of a single evolutionary tree. Bacterial recombination is typically modeled as statistically akin to gene conversion in eukaryotes, i.e., using the coalescent with gene conversion (CGC). However, this model can be very computationally demanding as it needs to account for the correlations of evolutionary histories of even distant loci. So, with the increasing popularity of whole genome sequencing, the need has emerged for a faster approach to model and simulate bacterial genome evolution. We present a new model that approximates the coalescent with gene conversion: the bacterial sequential Markov coalescent (BSMC). Our approach is based on a similar idea to the sequential Markov coalescent (SMC)—an approximation of the coalescent with crossover recombination. However, bacterial recombination poses hurdles to a sequential Markov approximation, as it leads to strong correlations and linkage disequilibrium across very distant sites in the genome. Our BSMC overcomes these difficulties, and shows a considerable reduction in computational demand compared to the exact CGC, and very similar patterns in simulated data. We implemented our BSMC model within new simulation software FastSimBac. In addition to the decreased computational demand compared to previous bacterial genome evolution simulators, FastSimBac provides more general options for evolutionary scenarios, allowing population structure with migration, speciation, population size changes, and recombination hotspots. FastSimBac is available from https://bitbucket.org/nicofmay/fastsimbac, and is distributed as open source under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Lastly, we use the BSMC within an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) inference scheme, and suggest that parameters simulated under the exact CGC can correctly be recovered, further showcasing the accuracy of the BSMC. With this ABC we infer recombination rate, mutation rate, and recombination tract length of Bacillus cereus from a whole genome alignment.
Annealing of Complementary DNA Sequences During Double-Strand Break Repair inDrosophilaIs Mediated by the Ortholog of SMARCAL1
Authors: Holsclaw Julie Korda , Sekelsky Jeff
Published: March 2017

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) pose a serious threat to genomic integrity. If unrepaired, they can lead to chromosome fragmentation and cell death. If repaired incorrectly, they can cause mutations and chromosome rearrangements. DSBs are repaired using end-joining or homology-directed repair strategies, with the predominant form of homology-directed repair being synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA). SDSA is the first defense against genomic rearrangements and information loss during DSB repair, making it a vital component of cell health and an attractive target for chemotherapeutic development. SDSA has also been proposed to be the primary mechanism for integration of large insertions during genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9. Despite the central role for SDSA in genome stability, little is known about the defining step: annealing. We hypothesized that annealing during SDSA is performed by the annealing helicase SMARCAL1, which can anneal RPA-coated single DNA strands during replication-associated DNA damage repair. We used unique genetic tools in Drosophila melanogaster to test whether the fly ortholog of SMARCAL1, Marcal1, mediates annealing during SDSA. Repair that requires annealing is significantly reduced in Marcal1 null mutants in both synthesis-dependent and synthesis-independent (single-strand annealing) assays. Elimination of the ATP-binding activity of Marcal1 also reduced annealing-dependent repair, suggesting that the annealing activity requires translocation along DNA. Unlike the null mutant, however, the ATP-binding defect mutant showed reduced end joining, shedding light on the interaction between SDSA and end-joining pathways.
Checklist of sand dune vegetation on the tropical southeastern Brazil coast
Authors: Castelo Antonio Janilson , Braga João Marcelo Alvarenga
Published: March 2017

Restingas are mosaics of plant communities living on marine sand deposits of the late Quaternary period, located between the sea and the Atlantic Forest. This study presents the diversity of the vegetation of coastal sand dunes in the southeastern coast of Brazil. A floristic survey and bibliographic review of the nine restinga regions of Rio de Janeiro state was carried out, and information is presented about the habit, life form, dispersion syndrome, distribution, and biome occurrence of each species. Ninety-eight species were recorded, distributed among 81 genera and 38 families, of which the most diverse are Asteraceae (12 species), Poaceae (12 species), Fabaceae (11 species), and Rubiaceae (6 species). The majority of species have herbaceous habits and predominantly are camephyte-autochoric species. They present wide geographical distributions or are restricted to just some Brazilian states and are more similar to the Atlantic Forest biome.
Melbourne popular music in the museum
Authors: Breen Marcus
Published: March 2017

An exhibition at RMIT University in 2013–2014, ‘Music, Melbourne and Me: 40 Years of Mushroom and Melbourne’s Popular Music Culture’, suggested that art museums can offer new ways of engaging with the complex world of popular creativity and commerce in its urban location. In an effort to move beyond established tropes of popular music representations featuring static displays of posters, album covers, costumes and photography, an audio-visual invention designed and built at RMIT called Morphos combined music video and design to noisy combinatory effect. As such, Morphos suggested that the exhibition connected with the rise of an ideologically-informed museum studies that foregrounds the way knowledge is assembled and that museum innovations have a critical role to play against popular music’s consumerist excesses, identifying as ‘bullshit’ popular music that is uninformed by the history and political economy of the place in which it is located. Furthermore, as popular music history becomes a regular part of museum exhibitions, the article argues that academics have a unique opportunity to critically inform the relationship between popular music and urban life, to generate a praxis that delivers the truth of lived experience in the urban sonic landscape.
Perth, unreal city
Authors: Stratton Jon
Published: March 2017

There are a surprising number of songs that reference Perth, Western Australia, written by artists who do not live there and who might have visited, usually on tour, or have never been there at all.  In this article I examine the reasons for this, suggesting that Perth is a city that has become very mythic.  This mythic investment is a consequence of Perth being in the west of Australia—California has some of the same mythic qualities in the United States—being (almost) on the coast, and on the coast of the ocean not a sea, and being constructed as isolated.  This article examines the impact of these mythic tropes through a reading of various song lyrics where Perth is either in the title or in the lyrics, or both.  These include songs by Gordon Lightfoot, Beirut, Bon Iver and Pavement among others.
On Hillsong’s continued reign over the Australian contemporary congregational song genre
Authors: Thornton Daniel
Published: March 2017

Australia’s popular music charts are not dominated by Australian music. However, in the popular music subgenre, contemporary congregational songs, a single Australian producer has a disproportionately high chart presence compared to international producers: Hillsong Music. This article offers an exploration of and explanation for this anomaly. It examines the extra musical and musical/lyrical components contributing to Hillsong Music’s dominance in the field based on a music semiological approach. Comparisons are made with the international competition within the genre, based on church usage. Finally, this article proposes ways of understanding Hillsong Music within the context of the contemporary congregational song genre both nationally and globally.
Watching them walk out taller than they walked in
Authors: Cloonan Martin
Published: March 2017

This article develops recent research in to the live music industry by examining the attitudes of Sydney venues towards the industry in which they work. Based on empirical research conducted on behalf of the City of Sydney Council, the article suggests that venues primarily see themselves as sites of cultural activity, rather than sites of commercial exploitation. The tension between artistic endeavour and commercial reality is evidenced throughout the article. In addition it is also shown that venues feel that politicians and the public have little understanding of this reality. It is further suggested that the notion of a live music ecology provides a useful means via which to understand the workings of the contemporary live music industry in Sydney.
Obtenção e caracterização de iogurtes elaborados com leites de ovelha e de vaca
Authors: Revers Ligia Maria , Danielli Angélica Jacobi , Iltchenco Sidiane , Zeni Jamile , Steffens Clarice , Steffens Juliana
Published: March 2017

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter e caracterizar (físico-química, reológica e microbiologicamente) iogurtes elaborados a partir de leite de ovelha (integral e semidesnatado) e de leite de vaca (integral e semidesnatado). Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas (pH, acidez, proteínas, lactose, gordura, cinzas e minerais) e microbiológicas (Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus coagulase positivas e coliformes a 35 °C), nos leites e nos iogurtes e, de sinérese, nos iogurtes, nos 1°, 15° e 35° dias de armazenamento. A partir das análises físico-químicas, verificou-se que o leite de ovelha, integral e semidesnatado, é mais rico, nutricionalmente, que o leite de vaca integral e semidesnatado, e que os iogurtes com leite de ovelha, tanto integral como semidesnatado, apresentaram os maiores valores de gordura, proteína, pH, lactose, minerais e maior sinérese que os iogurtes com leite de vaca, integral e semidesnatado.
Analysis of evapotranspiration and biomass in pastures with degradation indicatives in the Upper Tocantins River Basin, in Brazilian Savanna
Authors: Andrade Ricardo Guimarães , Teixeira Antônio Heriberto de Castro , Leivas Janice Freitas , Nogueira Sandra Furlan
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to apply the Simple Algorithm For Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER) with MODIS images together with meteorological data to analyze evapotranspiration (ET) and biomass production (BIO) according to indicative classes of pasture degradation in Upper Tocantins River Basin. Indicative classes of degraded pastures were obtained from the NDVI time-series (2002-2012). To estimate ET and BIO in each class, MODIS images and data from meteorological stations of the year 2012 were used. The results show that compared to not-degraded pastures, ET and BIO were different in pastures with moderate to strong degradation, mainly during water stress period. Therefore, changes in energy balance partition may occur according to the degradation levels, considering that those indicatives of degradation processes were identified in 24% of the planted pasture areas. In this context, ET and BIO estimates using remote sensing techniques can be a reliable indicator of forage availability, and large-scale aspects related to the degradation of pastures. It is expected that this knowledge may contribute to initiatives of public policies aimed at controlling the loss of production potential of pasture areas in the Upper Tocantins River Basin in the state of Goiás, Brazil.
Deposição da calda na cultura da soja em função de diferentes pressões de trabalho e pontas de pulverização
Authors: Cunha João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da , Marques Rodrigo Santos , Alves Guilherme Sousa
Published: March 2017

RESUMO A pressão de trabalho influencia as características da pulverização hidráulica de produtos fitossanitários e pode alterar a penetração da calda no dossel da cultura da soja. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da pressão na deposição de calda em plantas de soja, promovida por diferentes modelos de pontas de pulverização. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 + 1, sendo duas pontas de pulverização (jato cônico vazio - ATR e jato cônico vazio com indução de ar - TVI) e quatro pressões de trabalho (689, 1034, 1379 e 1724 kPa), com um tratamento adicional (ponta de jato plano - API, a 448 kPa). A deposição de calda, corrigida para uma mesma taxa de aplicação (200 L ha-1), pulverizada na cultura da soja (parte superior e inferior do cultivar Vila Rica, em estádio R6), por meio de um pulverizador de barra, foi analisada, empregando-se o traçador fluorescente Rodamina B, detectado por fluorimetria. Também foi avaliado o espectro de gotas, por meio da análise de papéis hidrossensíveis. Concluiu-se que a ponta ATR, que gerou gotas de menor tamanho e mais uniformes, propiciou maior deposição do traçador do que a ponta TVI. O aumento da pressão de trabalho acarretou diminuição da deposição nas folhas da parte inferior da planta. A deposição gerada pela ponta de jato plano (API) não diferiu das geradas pelas demais pontas avaliadas.
Drying kinetics and microbiological quality of green onions
Authors: Martinazzo Ana Paula , Correa Filho Luiz Carlos , Teodoro Carlos Eduardo de Souza , Berbert Pedro Amorim
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Green onion (Allium fistulosum L.) is widely consumed and traded in Brazil as condiment. Because of the high yields in the region of Volta Redonda - RJ and the alternative of drying as a method for preserving the excess production, the objective of this study was to evaluate the drying process of green onions, considering the microbiological quality, and to develop the mathematical modeling of this process. Mathematical models to describe the drying of agricultural products were used to predict the phenomenon. The modified Page equation gave the best fit to the data. Microbiological quality was evaluated using the analysis of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts. Dehydration at 60 ºC was the most indicated for green onions, with assured microbiological quality.
Probabilidade de transição e condicional para chuva mensal e extremos diários em Santa Catarina
Authors: Minuzzi Rosandro Boligon
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou obter matrizes de probabilidade, de transição e condicional, da chuva mensal, para o Estado de Santa Catarina, como forma de auxiliar a previsão climática. Foram utilizados dados diários de chuva do período de 1991 a 2013, de nove estações localizadas em diferentes regiões climáticas do Estado de Santa Catarina. Para obter as matrizes de probabilidades, as chuvas mensais foram divididas nas seguintes categorias: abaixo (-1), dentro (0) e acima (1) da normal climatológica. O enquadramento dos valores de chuva mensal nas referidas categorias foi baseado nos quantis Q0,35 e Q0,65. Quando a chuva observada fica abaixo da normal climatológica (categoria -1) há maior probabilidade de a chuva do mês seguinte passar para a categoria 1 em seis regiões, representadas pelos municípios de Vargem Bonita (40%), Saudades (47%), Curitibanos (36%), Lages (40%), Trombudo Central (40%) e Araranguá (45%). Situação semelhante ocorre quando, em dado mês, a chuva observada fica acima da normal climatológica, ou seja, há maior probabilidade de permanecer na categoria 1. Os valores probabilísticos mostram que as matrizes de probabilidade, de transição e condicional, podem ser usadas como auxílio para as previsões mensais e de eventos extremos diários de chuva para Santa Catarina.
Spatial variability of available water and micro-sprinkler irrigation in cambisol
Authors: Ferreira Larissa Luana Nicodemos , Filho Luis César de Aquino Lemos , Torres Marcílio Macêdo , Oliveira Júnior Raimundo Fernandes de , Vale Clara Nívea Costa do , Franco Mariuchy Sammara de Brito Paiva
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT The technology of irrigation is vital for agricultural production. Thus, description of spatial patterns of both water application and available water capacity in the soil, as well as their interactions, is essential to maximize efficiency of water use in irrigated areas. The objective of this study was to analyze spatial variability of available water capacity in the soil and water application via irrigation using geostatistics. The experiment was conducted in a commercial mango orchard in Cambisol irrigated by micro sprinkler system, in the municipality of Alto do Rodrigues, RN. Analyses of descriptive statistics and geostatistics were performed using the programs GeoR and GS+. Geostatistics was found suitable for describing the structure of spatial dependence of available water capacity in the soil and the flow rate distributed in the area by sprinklers. Moreover, even with good results for Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CU) and Distribution Uniformity Coefficient (DU), the area showed spatial variability of flow rate.
Influence of the main stem pruning and fruit thinning on quality of melon
Authors: Ferreira Rafaella Martins de Araújo , Aroucha Edna Maria Mendes , Paiva Cristiane Alves de , Medeiros José Francismar de , Barreto Flavinicíus Pereira
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Among many management practices used in melon crops, those that change source: sink relationship, such as pruning and fruit thinning, directly influence production, affect fruit size and its composition, including sugar and vitamin contents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pruning of the main stem and time of fruit thinning in melon postharvest quality. Thus, two experiments were set up in Mossoró, state of Rio Grande do Norte, each with a melon hybrid (Amaregal and Banzai). Each experiment was conducted in a randomized block, in a (2 x 4) + 1 factorial design, 2 pruning management (with and without pruning), 4 levels of fruit thinning (3, 6, 9 and 12 DARB - days after removal agro textile blanket) and a control (without pruning and thinning), and four replications. Fruits were harvested at commercial maturity and transported to the Laboratory of Food Technology of UFERSA, where they were evaluated for the following characteristics: weight, diameter, length, flesh thickness, flesh firmness, soluble solids, pH, and titratable acidity, soluble solids: titratable acidity ratio and vitamin C. No interaction between factors in any of the experiments was found. Titratable acidity (0.077%) and vitamin C content (3.4 mg/100 g) in Amaregal melon and soluble solids (10.2%) in Banzai melon were lower in the treatments with stem pruning. In Amaregal melon, fruits showed longer length (134 mm) and greater flesh firmness (40 N) when thinning was carried out on 6 DARB, and as thinning was delayed, it found a decrease in the values of soluble solids, SS: TA ratio and pH. In Banzai melon, fruits showed greater flesh thickness (33.5 mm) and SS: TA (247.5) ratio when thinning was carried out on 6 DARB. However, delay in thinning promoted an increase in pH and vitamin C content of the fruits. Pruning of the main stem and thinning season had effect on the quality of Amaregal and Banzai melons in different ways.
Agronomic performance of transgenic and isogenic corn hybrids in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul1
Authors: Prado Wesley Souza , Estevão William Leonello , Maeda Arthur Kenji Mendes , Carlesso André , Gonçalves Manoel Carlos , Davide Livia Maria Chamma
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Theoretically, isogenic hybrids should not present any differences in their genetic makeup due to recombinant DNA technology. However, these materials may behave differently in relation to adaptability and stability. This study aimed at evaluating the agronomic performance of transgenic corn and their isogenic hybrids in two locations in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Three isogenic simple hybrids and two transgenic varieties of each hybrid were evaluated. The first and second corn crop of 2013/14 were simultaneously analyzed in Dourados and Caarapó, two locations in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, totaling four environments x season conditions that were evaluated.. A randomized complete block design with three replicates per location was used, and the treatments were arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design (three genetically modified and three conventional hybrids), with three replicates per site. Characteristics such as plant height, ear height, male flowers, female flowers, and grain yield were evaluated. The parameters adaptability and stability were estimated using the Eberhart and Russell model. In all environments, transgenic hybrids showed higher average grain yield. Considering the environments, AG 7000, a conventional isogenic hybrid, obtained the highest average grain yield. The most stable and productive hybrids were DKB 390 VT PRO and AG 7000 YG, both transgenic. All assessed hybrids exhibited greater average plant height, ear height, and grain yield in Caarapó during the second corn crop, demonstrating that the environment at that site and time was more favorable.
Effect of different alternative roughages on the profitability of milk production systems with F1 Holstein x Zebu cows
Authors: Teixeira Júnior Fernando Etiene Pinheiro , Ruas José Reinaldo Mendes , Lopes Marcos Aurélio , Costa Maria Dulcinéia da , Pires Daniel Ananias de Assis , Rocha Júnior Vicente Ribeiro
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT It was analyzed, by means of simulation, the effect of using four different rougahge alternatives during the dry period on the yield of milk production system using F1 Holstein x Gir cows. The rougahge alternatives were, as follows: 1) use of fresh sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) for three months and corn silage (Zea mays L.) for three months, 2) use of corn silage for six months, 3) use of sorghum silage for six months, and 4) use of fresh sugar cane enriched with urea and ammonium sulfate for six months. The F1 Holstein x Gir herd of the Experimental Farm Felixlândia (FEFX) of the Agricultural Research Corporation of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), located in the municipality of Felixlândia, state of Minas Gerais, central region of the state was used as reference. The inventory expenses, revenue and other data were registered in CUSTO BOVINO LEITE 1.0 software, aiming to generate the results for the profitability analysis. Fresh sugar cane was the rougahge alternative with the best profitability in milk production system with F1 Holstein x Gir cows, even with a smaller volume of milk produced.
Biomass and nutrient cycling by winter cover crops
Authors: Koefender Jana , Schoffel André , Manfio Candida Elisa , Golle Diego Pascoal
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Cover crops are of fundamental importance for the sustainability of the no-tillage system, to ensure soil coverage and to provide benefits for the subsequent crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of biomass and the content and accumulation of nutrients by winter cover crops. The experimental design used in the experiment was a randomized complete block with four replications and six treatments: oilseed radish, vetch, black oats, vetch + black oats, vetch + oilseed radish and fallow. Black oat, oilseed radish in single cultivation and black oat + vetch and vetch + oilseed radish intercroppings showed higher dry matter production. Vetch + oilseed radish intercropping demonstrates higher performance regarding cycling of nutrients, with higher accumulations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, Na and B.
Drying time and post-harvest quality of onion bulbs submitted to artificial curing
Authors: Cardoso Deise Silva Castro Pimentel , Pereira Ariana Mota , Correia Teresa Drummond , Finger Fernando Luiz
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT After harvest, onion bulbs are submitted to curing, whose objective is to provide loss of moisture in leaves and drying of outer layers (peel) of bulbs, reaching attractive external coloration and reduction in the intensity of rottenness. The objective of this study was to use an air treatment unit (ATU) - known as heat pump - as an alternative drying method, and to evaluate drying time and preservation of the chemical and physical characteristics. The experiment was carried out in a complete random design with ten replicates and three treatments, which were the following: T1- (control) natural curing in shed; (2) T2- (aeration with air artificially heated by propane burning); and (3) T3- (aeration with artificially dehydrated and heated air using ATU). Curing completion time, relative water content (RWC) of the skin and inner layers, pulp color and skin coloring, total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), visual index of dormancy breaking (VID), and fresh weight loss (FWL) were evaluated in this study. No significant difference (p < 0.05) were found for TTA, TSS, VID, FWL, and pulp color among treatments. It can be concluded that T3 promoted a faster curing (12 hours) of bulbs, which provided bulbs with drier skin and intense yellow color.
Etefom e épocas de poda no crescimento de videira rústica
Authors: Abreu Camila Meira de , Campos Luiz Fernandes Cardoso , Ascheri Diego Palmiro Ramirez , Seleguini Alexsander
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Em regiões tropicais, a videira necessita de cuidados diferentes daqueles exigidos nas regiões de clima temperado por causa do seu crescimento contínuo. Técnicas como a aplicação de reguladores de crescimento e a alternância de podas tornam-se essenciais para uma exploração satisfatória da viticultura, proporcionando duas ou mais colheitas por ano. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes épocas de poda, aliadas a doses de Etefom, no crescimento da videira ‘Isabel’ em dois ciclos de produção. Dois experimentos foram realizados utilizando delineamento em blocos casualizados, compostos de 16 tratamentos, dispostos no esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se quatro épocas de poda em duas safras: inverno (08/março, 22/março, 05/abril e 19/abril de 2013) e verão (25/agosto, 8/setembro, 22/setembro e 06/outubro de 2013). O segundo fator de variação consistiu das quatro doses de Etefom (0, 720, 1.440, 2.160 mg L-1). As variáveis avaliadas foram a duração do ciclo produtivo da videira, o diâmetro da base dos ramos, o comprimento de ramos, a percentagem de brotação e o número de brotos por gema. O fator época de poda foi avaliado pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade, e o fator concentrações de Etefom, por análise de regressão. Na safra de inverno, a videira Isabel apresentou os menores ciclos, enquanto na safra de verão os ciclos foram mais longos. Na safra de verão, poda realizada no início de outubro proporcionou maior comprimento de ramos, enquanto na safra de inverno isso ocorre nas podas realizadas em abril. As concentrações de Etefom influenciaram o crescimento da videira apenas na safra de verão, com efeito linear positivo para comprimento dos ramos e efeito quadrático, aumentando a brotação até a dose de 1440 mg L-1.
Produção e qualidade de fruto de bananeiras ‘Pacovan Ken’ e genótipo PA94-01 por dois ciclos produtivos
Authors: Silva Marlon Jocimar Rodrigues da , Santos Laise de Sousa , Pereira Marcelo de Campos , Gomes Ildenio dos Santos , Machado Marilza , Ribeiro Valtemir Gonçalves
Published: March 2017

RESUMO A avaliação de genótipos tetraploides, oriundos de cruzamentos entre cultivares comerciais triploides e diploides, melhorados ou selvagens, tem sido feita visando a solucionar os problemas tradicionais dos cultivares tipo Prata, como a susceptibilidade à pragas e doenças. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção e a qualidade de frutos de bananeiras ‘Pacovan Ken’ e do genótipo PA94-01, durante o primeiro e o segundo ciclos de produção, no Submédio do Vale do São Francisco. As mudas foram produzidas pelo processo de cultura de tecidos e transplantadas para o campo com seis meses de idade, tendo sido cultivadas no espaçamento de 3 m x 3 m. Nos dois ciclos foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: número de dias entre plantio e colheita, altura de planta, perímetro do pseudocaule, número de folhas adultas, massa fresca do cacho, número de pencas e de frutos por cacho, massa fresca da segunda penca, número, comprimento e diâmetro de frutos da segunda penca, relação polpa/casca, firmeza, pH, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT) e relação SS/AT. O genótipo PA94-01 apresentou plantas mais vigorosas e com melhores características produtivas nos dois ciclos de produção. Todavia a duração do ciclo e as características físicas e químicas de frutos foram semelhantes às dos frutos da ‘Pacovan Ken’.
Qualitative performance of lettuce cultivars in four seasons in Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil
Authors: Silva Otaciana Maria dos Prazeres da , Negreiros Maria Zuleide de , Santos Elizangela Cabral dos , Lopes Welder de Araújo Rangel , Lucena Rafaella Rayane Macedo de , Soares Alinne Menezes
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT The major challenge in producing good quality lettuce in the semiarid region is the climatic factors such as high temperature, high luminosity and low air relative humidity, which affect the quality characteristics of leafy vegetables. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of lettuce cultivars of Crisphead (Angelina, Amelia and Taina), Mimosa (Mila, Mimosa and Lavinia), Green-leaf (Scarlet, Vera, Isabella and Vanda) and Loose-leaf (Elisa and Regiane) in four seasons: summer (12/21/2012), autumn (3/21/2013), winter (06/21/2013) and spring (09/23/2013) in the conditions of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte state. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with four replications. The following characteristics were quantified: pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids (SS) and total soluble sugars. The quality of the lettuce was influenced by the cultivar and environmental conditions. Lower titratable acidity was recorded for Green-leaf and Loose-leaf groups in the summer and for Crisphead groups in the autumn. The highest content of soluble solids were achieved in autumn for cultivars Vera, Vanda, Isabela, Elisa and Regiane; to Lavinia, Angelina, Amelia and Tainá, and summer and autumn stood out from the other growing seasons for this trait. Cultivars Scarlet, Angelina and Amelia had higher levels of total soluble sugars in the summer; Mila and Lavinia in spring; Elisa and Regiane in winter and Tainá in spring.
Métodos de enxertia na produção de mudas de tamarindeiro
Authors: Góes Glêidson Bezerra de , Melo Isabel Giovanna Costa e , Mendonça Vander , Dantas Django Jesus , Leite Grazianny Andrade
Published: March 2017

RESUMO O tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) vem despertando interesse da população sul-americana por suas propriedades medicinais. Contudo, estudos com técnicas agronômicas para a espécie são ainda escassos. Com o objetivo de determinar o melhor método de enxertia para a produção de mudas de tamarindeiro, foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, em Mossoró, RN. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, constituído por cinco tratamentos, que foram os métodos de enxertia (garfagem no topo em fenda cheia, garfagem no topo à inglesa, simples, garfagem no topo à inglesa, complicada, garfagem em fenda lateral e borbulhia em placa), com sete repetições, sendo cada parcela composta por 14 mudas. Foram avaliados: percentagem de pegamento dos enxertos, comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento do sistema radicular, comprimento de ramos, número de folhas, número de ramos, diâmetro do colo, matéria seca da parte aérea, matéria seca do sistema radicular, matéria seca total. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparados pelo teste Tukey, a 5% de significância. Garfagem no topo em fenda cheia, garfagem no topo à inglesa complicada e garfagem no topo à inglesa simples foram os melhores métodos de enxertia para o tamarindeiro.
Substratos e ácido indol-3-butírico na produção de mudas de pitaia vermelha de polpa branca
Authors: Galvão Elaine Cristina , Ramos José Darlan , Pio Leila Aparecida Salles , Laredo Ranieri Reis , Silva Fábio Oseias dos Reis , Miranda João Marcos de Sousa
Published: March 2017

RESUMO A pitaia é uma cactácea frutífera originária das florestas tropicais da América do Sul e Central. Produz frutos não convencionais muito apreciados, com grande potencial para diversificação do setor. É propagada preferencialmente por estaquia, proporcionando aumento na precocidade e uniformidade dos pomares. Com o intuito de maximizar a produção de mudas, objetivou-se avaliar diferentes concentrações de ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) e de três tipos de substratos na produção de mudas de pitaia (Hylocereus undatus). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 5x3 (concentrações de AIB: 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 e 4000 mg L-1 x substratos: areia, areia + solo, solo), com três repetições. Após 120 dias avaliaram-se: número e comprimento de cladódios e a biomassa fresca e seca de raízes e parte aérea. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, as médias dos substratos agrupadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott e o efeito do AIB foi avaliado pela análise de regressão. Verificou-se efeito significativo da interação entre doses de AIB e tipos de substratos apenas para a variável número de cladódios. A imersão das estacas em solução com AIB resultou em diferenças significativas nas características fitotécnicas: número e comprimento dos cladódios, biomassa fresca das raízes e parte aérea. A significância dos substratos ocorreu para as variáveis biomassa fresca e seca das raízes. A faixa compreendida entre 1776,33 e 2299 mg L-1 de AIB proporciona maior crescimento de mudas de pitaia. O substrato areia promove maior enraizamento das mudas.
Intervalo hídrico ótimo e densidade crítica de um Latossolo Amarelo coeso sob diferentes usos no ecossistema Tabuleiro Costeiro
Authors: Dias Camila Brasil , Rocha Genelício Crusoé , Assis Igor Rodrigues de , Fernandes Raphael Bragança Alves
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Os impactos do uso e do manejo na qualidade física do solo têm sido quantificados, utilizando-se o intervalo hídrico ótimo e a densidade crítica do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO) e a densidade crítica de um Latossolo Amarelo coeso, dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Recôncavo da Bahia, submetido a diferentes usos e manejo do solo. Foram selecionadas três áreas, sobre solo coeso típico, submetidas aos seguintes usos e manejos: mata nativa (Mata Atlântica); pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, em estado de degradação, e cana-de-açúcar, com subsolagem no sulco de plantio. Foram retiradas em cada área 40 amostras com estrutura indeformada, na porção central de cada horizonte (A e AB). Foram determinados nessas amostras, após serem submetidas a dez valores de tensão e pressão, a umidade, a resistência à penetração e a densidade do solo. Na área cultivada com cana, a coleta das amostras foi feita nas linhas de plantio, onde foi realizada a subsolagem. O intervalo hídrico ótimo do horizonte A, da mata, e do Ap, da cana-de-açúcar foram semelhantes e, ambos, maiores que na pastagem. Já no horizonte AB, o IHO da cana-de-açúcar foi maior que o da mata e, o desta, maior que o da pastagem. Os horizontes A e Ap apresentaram valores de densidade crítica maiores que os de AB para todos os usos avaliados. O uso que apresentou maior frequência de valores de densidade do solo acima da densidade crítica foi a pastagem.
Soil chemical characteristics, biomass production and levels of nutrient and heavy metals in corn plants according to doses of steel slag and limestone
Authors: Caetano Luiz Carlos Santos , Prezotti Luiz Carlos , Pacheco Bevaldo Martins , Guarçoni Rogério Carvalho
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Steel slag presents potential for neutralizing the soil acidity instead of limestone and for supplying nutrients for plants. The objective of this work was to study the effect of steel slag on soil chemical characteristics, biomass production, and contents of nutrients and of heavy metals on dry matter of corn plants. The levels of P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Si, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni were determined in steel slag and limestone (for comparison purposes) and the growth of corn plants under increasing doses of slag and limestone (0 to 10 t ha-1) was evaluated. Steel slag presented higher levels of P, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Si when compared with limestone. No difference was found in the content of heavy metals of slag and limestone, except for Cr, which was higher in the slag. Limestone provided the greatest increase of soil pH over time. Slag increased the content of P, Si, and soil micronutrient, while limestone was more efficient in increasing the content of Mg. The levels of heavy metals in the soil increased with the application of slag, but they remained below critical level within agricultural parameters. Slag and limestone presented a similar effect on the increase of the initial production of corn biomass. The levels of heavy metals in dry matter of corn plants under increasing doses of slag and limestone were below the critical levels of the toxicity of these elements on most plants.
Yield performance of taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) cultivated with topdressing nitrogen rates at the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais
Authors: Vidigal Sanzio Mollica , Lopes Iza Paula de Carvalho , Puiatti Mário , Sediyama Maria Aparecida Nogueira , Ribeiro Marcelo Resende de Freitas
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Response of taro to amount of nitrogen applied and time of application has been the subject of discussion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen topdressing on taro yield. Two experiments were conducted in Oratórios - MG from September 2010 to July 2011 (Year 1) and from September 2011 to July 2012 (Year 2). Both experiments were arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five N rates (0; 40; 60; 80 and 160 kg ha-1) applied as topdressing at urea form. The corms of Japanese clone (BGH 5925) were planted in the 0.90 x 0.30 m spacing. In the two experimental years, yield increased in almost all corm classes with the increase in N rates. The estimated maximum yields of marketable corms were 22.23 Mg ha-1 in Year 1 and 9.81 Mg ha-1 in Year 2, with 109 and 118 kg ha-1 of N, respectively. The total number of corms per plant was similar in both years (16.45 corms/plant in Year 1 and 17.76 corms/plant in Year 2). Unmarketable corms represented 35.32 and 46.51% of the total per plant, in Year 1 and Year 2, respectively, indicating less corm growth in Year 2. The curve of taro response to topdressing N rates was similar in the two years and, the estimates were influenced by the difference in rainfall between the years. With the management of nitrogen fertilization, the maximum yield of marketable taro corms was achieved with N rates varying from 109 to 118 kg ha-1.
Inspeção de distribuidores de fertilizantes sólidos na região centro sul do Estado do Paraná
Authors: Reynaldo Étore Francisco , Machado Thiago Martins
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Os distribuidores centrífugos são máquinas indispensáveis na agricultura moderna, graças às diversas funções que podem realizar. Na maioria das vezes, porém, a regulagem e a manutenção desses equipamentos são insatisfatórias e podem trazer prejuízos, como a perda de produtividade, por problemas como a necessidade de sobreposição das passadas, ocasionada pelo déficit de fertilizantes nas fileiras de plantio. Com base nessas premissas, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, identificar os pontos críticos relacionados aos distribuidores de fertilizantes a lanço, na região centro-sul do Estado do Paraná. Para isso foi desenvolvida uma lista de verificações, com a qual, em visitas a campo, eram inspecionados os distribuidores centrífugos. As máquinas apresentaram, em 59% das inspeções, vários problemas de manutenção e de regulagem, principalmente a do ângulo das aletas. Todos os distribuidores inspecionados foram reprovados, por apresentarem o coeficiente de variação acima dos 20%. O programa de inspeção de distribuidores de fertilizantes é de grande valia e deveria ser obrigatório, nos estados de maior produção agrícola do Brasil.
PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF ‘FUJI’ APPLE TREES ON ‘JM’ SERIES ROOTSTOCKS, IN SÃO JOAQUIM/SC
Authors: PASA MATEUS DA SILVEIRA , BRIGHENTI ALBERTO FONTANELLA , KATSURAYAMA JOSÉ MASANORI , SILVA CARINA PEREIRA DA , CIOTTA MARLISE NARA , CARRA BRUNO
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Worldwide, research has developed new apple rootstocks that induce higher yields, pest resistance and adaptation to different climatic and soil conditions. Thus, the performance of these new rootstocks in the conditions of the main regions that grow apples should be investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of ‘Fuji’ trees on different rootstocks of JM series and M.7 in the region of São Joaquim, SC. The experiment was performed from 2010 to 2015. Plant material consisted on the cultivar Fuji grafted on the rootstocks JM.2, JM.3, JM.5, JM.7, JM.8 and M.7, planted as single axis trees in the winter of 2002, and spaced at 5 x 1.5m. Trees were trained in a central-leader system and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The number of fruits per tree, production per tree, yield, yield efficiency, fruit weigh, and trunk cross sectional area were evaluated. The results showed that the yield of ‘Fuji’ apple trees is greater with the rootstocks JM.3, JM.7, JM.8, and M.7. The rootstocks JM.2, JM.5, JM.7 and JM.8 induce similar vigor as M.7. The results also show that fruit weight is little affected by rootstock.
QUALITY CHARACTERISTIS OF FRUITS AND OILS OF PALMS NATIVE TO THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON
Authors: SANTOS MARY DE FÁTIMA GUEDES DOS , ALVES RICARDO ELESBÃO , BRITO EDY SOUSA DE , SILVA SILVANDA DE MELO , SILVEIRA MARCIA RÉGIA SOUZA DA
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Native palm trees are highly important plant resources for the Amazon region; however, despite the great diversity and utilities, few species have been studied, requiring more comprehensive studies on quality and composition for species not yet explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of fruits and oils of palm trees from the Brazilian Amazon and to identify potential uses. Fruits from five palm trees (bacaba, buriti, inajá, pupunha, and tucumã) were evaluated for total mass, length, diameter, and yield, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, SS/TA ratio, total soluble sugar (TSS), reducing sugar (RS), total pectin (TP) soluble pectin (SP), and starch. The oils from the edible portion of fruits were evaluated for acidity and peroxide indexes, oxidative stability, unsaponifiable matter, polar compounds and fatty acids composition analyzed by gas chromatography. Pupunha showed the highest yield of the edible portion (76.38%) and starch content (24.89%). The mesocarp of palm fruits showed SS values between 7.5 and 14.3 ºBrix, low acidity (0.30%), pH (4.2 to 6.3), higher content of total sugars in tucuma and reducing sugars in bacaba and 0.81% for total pectin. The content of lipids was high, ranging from 17.0% for pupunha to 38.3% for bacaba in dry basis. In buriti, tucuma, and bacaba oils, high content of unsaturated fatty acids was found, with more than 83, 75, and 61%, respectively. Therefore, not only fruits but also oils showed excellent quality and great nutritional potential.
PRE-GERMINATIVE TREATMENTS IN POMEGRANATE SEEDS (Punica granatum L.):EFFECT ON PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY
Authors: SILVA JOSEANO GRACILIANO DA , LOPES KILSON PINHEIRO , CAVALCANTE JERFFESON ARAÚJO , PEREIRA NATALI ALMEIDA EVANGELISTA , BARBOSA ROBERTA CHAIENE ALMEIDA
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different removal methods of sarcotesta and their effects on the physiological quality of the seeds. We applied the following treatments: T1 - friction in coarse sand on a sieve; T2 and T3 - immersion in sulfuric acid (98%) for 30 minutes and washing in water, with and without a vernalization for 48 hours in a refrigerator at 4 °C, respectively; T4 and T5 - natural fermentation for 72 hours, with seeds submitted and not submitted to drying in shade for seven days; and T6 - seeds with intact sarcotesta as control. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design. For the analysis of the viability and vigor, we used the germination test, germination on first count, germination speed index, accelerated aging, emergence test, emergence speed index, number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, and root length. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test. Seeds submitted to fermentation showed the highest germination and emergence values. However, it was not statistically different from the control, probably due to the sensitivity to desiccation or seed dormancy, which was shown in the accelerated aging test.
CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION IN MANGO LEAVES UNDER SALT STRESS
Authors: VECCELLI JULIANA CRISTINA , SIQUEIRA DALMO LOPES DE
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of mango plants ( L) ‘Mangifera indicaTommy Atkins’ cultivar to different NaCl concentrations. In this experiment, plants were grown in pots with washed sand and nutrient solution with 0, 10, 20 and 30 mM NaCl for 120 days. After this period, young leaves from the last growth spurt were harvested in a randomized block design, dried at 65 °C for 72 h and ground in a ball mill. Samples were dried again in an oven at 60 °C for 24 h and then the relative abundance of 13C and 12C isotopes was determined using mass spectrometer Sercon 20-20 isotope ratio model. Data were used to determine the carbon isotopic discrimination (?). It was concluded that ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango trees submitted to 30 mmol L-1 NaCl discriminated less 13C, which may be an indication of salt stress in these plants.
‘SCS421 CAROLINA’, FIRST JAPANESE PEAR CULTIVAR DEVELOPED IN BRAZIL
Authors: FAORO IVAN DAGOBERTO
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT The new SCS421 Carolina cultivar, belonging to the Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta species, is classified as an Asian pear type or more specifically Japanese pear type. It was obtained from the Kousui x Osanijisseiki crossing made at Epagri / Caçador Experimental Station. Its flowering occurs from the second half of September to mid-October, similarly to Housui cultivar. According to preliminary results, ‘Yali’ and ‘Housui’ may be used as pollinators. The harvest takes place in the first half of February and production is above 20 t / ha. Plants produce more rounded and symmetrical fruits compared to Housui cultivar. The fruit skin is golden, the pulp is crispy, soft, sweet, very juicy and slightly aromatic. Fruits can be stored for up to four months in conventional cold storage. The incidence of scabies and dry branch diseases in the field has not been recorded. It is recommended for cultivation at colder regions of southern Brazil.