bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new quantitative X‐ray system for micro‐PIXE analysis
Authors: Pallon Jan , De La Rosa Nathaly , Elfman Mikael , Kristiansson Per , Nilsson E.J. Charlotta , Ros Linus
Published: May 2017

Particle Induced X‐ray Emission is a well‐established technique for quantitative elemental analysis down to trace levels. During microbeam analysis, where the beam is collimated and focused into a small spot, the beam current reduces to nA or less. The generation of characteristic X‐rays is reduced in the same proportion, leading to long data‐acquisition times. This can partly be compensated for by using detectors with a large solid angle. In this work, the performance of an annular eight‐element silicon drift detector with a total solid angle of 261 msr is described. The initial calibration of the detector was performed using thin elemental standards. Charge measurement was carried out both in a Faraday Cup positioned after the sample and by a pre‐sample electrostatic deflection system sampling the beam charge into another Faraday Cup. The two methods were used in parallel and compared during the calibration measurements. A recently installed Versa Module Europe (VME) based data acquisition system equipped with, for example, multi‐hit time‐to‐digital converters, amplifiers, and 32‐channel scalers, was used to record data in event‐by‐event mode for simultaneous data evaluation on multiple computers. Off‐line dead time and pile‐up corrections were made on the event data that was sorted into spectra and fitted with the GeoPIXE software. The pre‐sample deflection charge measurement gave consistent values for the calibration, and this is an important observation implying that non‐conductive and thick samples will be able to quantify without the use of internal standards. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studying the effect of different parameters on stress resultant and moments distribution around non‐circular cutouts in unsymmetric laminates
Authors: Ashoori Savadkoohi H. S. , Jafari M.
Published: May 2017

In this study, using complex potential approach, the stress analysis of unsymmetric laminates with non‐circular cutouts is examined. In this study, using an appropriate mapping function the solution of perforated unsymmetric laminate with a circular cutout is extended to calculate stress distribution around non‐circular cutouts and the effect of some parameters such as lay‐up, cutout orientation and bluntness of cutouts on the stress resultants and moment resultants around them is studied. The results obtained are presented for two different lay‐ups [0/90]T and [45/–45]T. Finite element numerical solution is used to validate results obtained from the present analytical solution. The analytical solution is in conformity with the finite element solution. It is interesting to note that the unexpected results indicate that the stress resultants and moment resultants around circular cutout aren't less than other cutouts. Furthermore, if appropriate values are selected for bluntness and cutout orientation, the stress resultants and moments will be reduced in significant value.
Two‐dimensional analysis of the fully coupled rolling contact problem between a rigid cylinder and an orthotropic medium
Authors: Zakerhaghighi H. , Adibnazari S. , Güler M. A. , Faghidian S. A.
Published: May 2017

In this paper, the fully‐coupled rolling contact problem between a rigid cylinder and an orthotropic medium is investigated. The governing equations are developed analytically; then, a numerical method, the Gauss‐Chebyshev method, is used to solve the coupled integral equations. The rolling contact problem is solved by assuming a central stick zone accompanied with two slip regions. The main purpose of this study is to obtain the surface stresses in the contact area and investigate the effect of material orthotropic properties such as shear parameter and stiffness ratio and also the coefficient of friction on these contact stresses. In addition, the subsurface stresses in the orthotropic medium are determined and a parametric study, was subsequently executed. The current paper shows that the orthotropic parameters and the coefficient of friction significantly influence the contact surface stresses and the distribution of the interior field stresses. By appropriately choosing the values of these parameters, the stresses will decrease; thus, the failure behavior of the orthotropic medium improves.
High-yield production of mannitol by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides CTCC G123 from chicory-derived inulin hydrolysate
Authors: Zhang Min , Gu Lei , Cheng Chao , Zhu Junru , Wu Hao , Ma Jiangfeng , Dong Weiliang , Kong Xiangping , Jiang Min , Ouyang Pingkai
Published: May 2017

Chicory is an agricultural plant with considerable potential as a carbohydrate substrate for low-cost production of biochemicals. In this work, the production of mannitol by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides CTCC G123 from chicory-derived inulin hydrolysate was investigated. The bioconversion process initially suffered from the leakage of fructose to the phosphoketolase pathway, resulting in a low mannitol yield. When inulin hydrolysate was supplemented with glucose as a substrate for mannitol production in combination with aeration induction and nicotinic acid induced redox modulation strategies, the mannitol yield greatly improved. Under these conditions, significant improvement in the glucose consumption rate, intracellular NADH levels and mannitol dehydrogenase specific activity were observed, with mannitol production increasing from 64.6 to 88.1 g/L and overall yield increase from 0.69 to 0.94 g/g. This work demonstrated an efficient method for the production of mannitol from inulin hydrolysate with a high overall yield.
Total Knee Arthroplasty for Knee Osteoarthritis: Support for a Foregone Conclusion?
Authors: Steinhaus Michael E. , Christ Alexander B. , Cross Michael B.
Published: May 2017

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is generally accepted as the definitive treatment for advanced knee arthritis after patients fail nonoperative treatments; however, the safety and efficacy of TKA compared to continued nonoperative treatment has never been proven in high-quality, randomized controlled trials. Recently, a 2015 Danish study published a 12-month follow-up on a cohort of patients randomized to either a TKA or continued nonsurgical management for advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA). The authors reported significantly greater improvement in the TKA group in functional outcome scores such as the overall Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS4 score), the KOOS subscales, EQ-5D descriptive index, and timed get up-and-go and 20-m walk tests; however, patients in the TKA did suffer significantly more serious adverse events (SAE). The authors concluded that TKA combined with additional nonoperative care postoperatively is more efficacious than nonsurgical treatment alone in terms of improving pain, function, and quality of life at 12 months but is associated with more SAE. The purpose of this review is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this trial, interpret its outcomes within the context of prior literature, and evaluate the validity of its conclusions.
Kilonovae
Authors: Metzger Brian D.
Published: May 2017

The mergers of double neutron star (NS–NS) and black hole (BH)–NS binaries are promising gravitational wave (GW) sources for Advanced LIGO and future GW detectors. The neutron-rich ejecta from such merger events undergoes rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis, enriching our Galaxy with rare heavy elements like gold and platinum. The radioactive decay of these unstable nuclei also powers a rapidly evolving, supernova-like transient known as a “kilonova” (also known as “macronova”). Kilonovae are an approximately isotropic electromagnetic counterpart to the GW signal, which also provides a unique and direct probe of an important, if not dominant, r-process site. I review the history and physics of kilonovae, leading to the current paradigm of week-long emission with a spectral peak at near-infrared wavelengths. Using a simple light curve model to illustrate the basic physics, I introduce potentially important variations on this canonical picture, including: $$\sim $$
∼
day-long optical (“blue”) emission from lanthanide-free components of the ejecta; $$\sim $$
∼
hour-long precursor UV/blue emission, powered by the decay of free neutrons in the outermost ejecta layers; and enhanced emission due to energy input from a long-lived central engine, such as an accreting BH or millisecond magnetar. I assess the prospects of kilonova detection following future GW detections of NS–NS/BH–NS mergers in light of the recent follow-up campaign of the LIGO binary BH–BH mergers.
Laboratory modeling and measurement of the electrical resistivity of hydrate-bearing sand samples
Authors: Permyakov M.E. , Manchenko N.A. , Duchkov A.D. , Manakov A.Yu. , Drobchik A.N. , Manshtein A.K.
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we describe a setup for modeling hydrate-bearing rock samples and measuring their electrical resistivity at different pressures and temperatures using an AMNB cylindrical four-electrode probe. Methods for modeling hydrate-bearing rock samples and measuring their resistivity are considered. The setup was used in a series of experiments to measure the resistivity of sand samples containing water, ice or tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate. It is shown that when the rock pores contain hydrates and a partially unfrozen aqueous solution of NaCl and THF, the electrical resistivity is determined by the high resistivity of the solution and increases with the formation of hydrate. The presence of THF hydrate in the experimental samples increased their resistivity by 180–320 Ohm·m at a temperature of about 0 °C. After the formation of hydrate and freezing of residual water, the resistivity of the sample is stabilized at 70–80 Ohm·m at a temperature of -15 °C.
RETURN TO FORT ROCK CAVE: ASSESSING THE SITE'S POTENTIAL TO CONTRIBUTE TO ONGOING DEBATES ABOUT HOW AND WHEN HUMANS COLONIZED THE GREAT BASIN
Authors: Connolly Thomas J. , Finley Judson Byrd , Smith Geoffrey M. , Jenkins Dennis L. , Endzweig Pamela E. , O'Neill Brian L. , Baxter Paul W.
Published: May 2017

Oregon's Fort Rock Cave is iconic in respect to both the archaeology of the northern Great Basin and the history of debate about when the Great Basin was colonized. In 1938, Luther Cressman recovered dozens of sagebrush bark sandals from beneath Mt. Mazama ash that were later radiocarbon dated to between 10,500 and 9350 cal B.P. In 1970, Stephen Bedwell reported finding lithic tools associated with a date of more than 15,000 cal B.P., a date dismissed as unreasonably old by most researchers. Now, with evidence of a nearly 15,000-year-old occupation at the nearby Paisley Five Mile Point Caves, we returned to Fort Rock Cave to evaluate the validity of Bedwell's claim, assess the stratigraphic integrity of remaining deposits, and determine the potential for future work at the site. Here, we report the results of additional fieldwork at Fort Rock Cave undertaken in 2015 and 2016, which supports the early Holocene occupation, but does not confirm a pre–10,500 cal B.P. human presence.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Women’s Entrepreneurship: Towards a More Adequate Theory of “Work”
Authors: Johnstone-Louis Mary
Published: May 2017

Programs aimed at increasing women’s entrepreneurship are a rapidly proliferating class of CSR initiatives across the globe with participation by many of the world’s largest corporations. The gendered nature of this phenomenon suggests that feminist approaches to CSR may offer a particularly salient mode of their analysis. In this article, I argue that insights from feminist economics regarding the historically prevalent—but narrow and gendered—definition of work, which artificially separates production from reproduction, provide fruitful tools for theory building when conceptualizing gender through the lens of CSR. I demonstrate that the gendered separation of production and reproduction is typicallytaken as givenin entrepreneurship, and that mainstream CSR research has not sufficiently challenged this perspective. I present a conceptual framework of what is to be gained by examining the CSR, entrepreneurship, and feminist economics literatures in combination, and demonstrate how researchers might use this framework for future research.
Winners and Losers in International Trade: The Effects on US Presidential Voting
Authors: Jensen J. Bradford , Quinn Dennis P. , Weymouth Stephen
Published: May 2017

International trade directly influences US presidential elections. We explore the electoral implications of the increasing tradability of services and the large US surplus in services trade. Our paper builds on prior work showing that job insecurity from import competition in manufacturing diminishes political support for incumbents. We construct novel measures of the tradability of an industry using establishment-level data covering nearly all US economic activity. We find increases in incumbent party vote shares in counties with large numbers of workers in high-skilled tradable services as well as goods, and decreases in counties with high employment in low-skilled manufacturing. Incumbent parties are particularly vulnerable to losing votes in swing states with many low-skilled manufacturing workers. In national-level models, we show for the first time that increasing imports (exports) are associated with decreasing (increasing) presidential incumbent vote shares. The national-level effects are large and politically consequential. We also find an Electoral College incentive to protect the manufacturing sector and to oppose trade agreements.
Rethinking the Regulation of Environment Impact Assessment and Precaution in Mauritius
Authors: Lim Tung Odile Juliette
Published: May 2017

As a small island developing state, Mauritius needs to manage its natural assets with a precautionary approach, especially as the tourism industry is one of the main pillars of its economy. While the precautionary principle has no statutory value in Mauritius, it serves as a guiding principle in environmental decision making. Since 1993, the assessment of impact has been mandatory under the Environment Protection Act (EPA) for major development activities, to avoid activities that may have a significant adverse impact on the environment and society. The local impact assessment procedure currently includes two categories of undertakings listed in the EPA, namely the environment impact assessment (EIA) and the preliminary environment report for undertakings with less environmental and socio-economic impact. This article examines the Mauritian EIA regulatory mechanism and seeks to strengthen the EIA process with a precautionary approach, to achieve more effective regulation and implementation.
Sleeping with one eye open: loneliness and sleep quality in young adults
Authors: Matthews T. , Danese A. , Gregory A. M. , Caspi A. , Moffitt T. E. , Arseneault L.
Published: May 2017

Background

Feelings of loneliness are common among young adults, and are hypothesized to impair the quality of sleep. In the present study, we tested associations between loneliness and sleep quality in a nationally representative sample of young adults. Further, based on the hypothesis that sleep problems in lonely individuals are driven by increased vigilance for threat, we tested whether past exposure to violence exacerbated this association.

Method

Data were drawn from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a birth cohort of 2232 twins born in England and Wales in 1994 and 1995. We measured loneliness using items from the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. We controlled for covariates including social isolation, psychopathology, employment status and being a parent of an infant. We examined twin differences to control for unmeasured genetic and family environment factors.

Results

Feelings of loneliness were associated with worse overall sleep quality. Loneliness was associated specifically with subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction. These associations were robust to controls for covariates. Among monozygotic twins, within-twin pair differences in loneliness were significantly associated with within-pair differences in sleep quality, indicating an association independent of unmeasured familial influences. The association between loneliness and sleep quality was exacerbated among individuals exposed to violence victimization in adolescence or maltreatment in childhood.

Conclusions

Loneliness is robustly associated with poorer sleep quality in young people, underscoring the importance of early interventions to mitigate the long-term outcomes of loneliness. Special care should be directed towards individuals who have experienced victimization.
The Triumph of Letters: Rewriting Cicero inad Fam. 15
Authors: Martelli Francesca
Published: May 2017

Readings of Cicero'sad Fam. 15 commonly focus on Cicero's bid for asupplicatioin 51b.c.e., which supplies this book of letters with one of its most dominant refrains. Yet this emphasis sits oddly with the book's position within the letter collection as a whole. This article argues that whoever organized the books of thead Fam.into sequence has invested the idea of thesupplicatio,and of Cicero's aspiration for a triumph, with a new metaphorical significance that it would not have had at the time of the letters’ writing. My reading attempts to locate this retrospective significance and to trace the portrait of Cicero that emerges from it.
Pragmatic prospection emphasizes utility of predicting rather than mere predictability
Authors: Baumeister Roy F. , Clark Cory J. , Kim JongHan
Published: May 2017

Contrary to one assumption of CLASH, we suggest that colder rather than warm climates are the harsh, unpredictable ones, thus requiring greater self-control. We propose shifting emphasis from predictability to utility of prediction. Northern climates may be less predictable than tropical ones, making predictions and planning far more important, insofar as they can prevent fatalities and promote other pragmatic benefits.
The CLASH model lacks evolutionary and archeological support
Authors: Fuentes Agustin , Kissel Marc , Oka Rahul , Sheridan Susan , Kim Nam , Piscitelli Matthew
Published: May 2017

Data from archaeology and paleoanthropology directly challenge the validity of the basic assumptions of the CLASH model. By not incorporating a “deep time” perspective, the hypothesis lacks the evolutionary baseline the authors seek to infer in validating the model.
Climate is not a good candidate to account for variations in aggression and violence across space and time
Authors: Mell Hugo , Safra Lou , Baumard Nicolas , Jacquet Pierre O.
Published: May 2017

We agree with Van Lange et al. that climate is likely to affect individuals' social behavior in many ways. However, we suspect that its impact on physiology and psychology is so remote that its predictive power disintegrates almost completely through the causal chain underlying aggression and violence.
Hell on earth? Equatorial peaks of heat, poverty, and aggression
Authors: Van de Vliert Evert , Daan Serge
Published: May 2017

Van Lange et al.'s global CLASH model overemphasizes climatic origins and underemphasizes economic origins of aggression. Our 167-country analysis of latitudinal gradients of heat, poverty, and aggression finds that heat-induced aggression is mediated by poverty and that heat tempers rather than fuels poverty-induced aggression. More importantly, the CLASH model hints at latitudinal, equatorial, and hemispheric upgradings of climato-economic modeling of human behavior.
Sociocultural discourse in science: Flawed assumptions and bias in the CLASH model
Authors: Van Voorhees Elizabeth E. , Wilson Sarah M. , Calhoun Patrick S. , Elbogen Eric B. , Beckham Jean C. , Kimbrel Nathan A.
Published: May 2017

In this commentary, we contest Van Lange and colleagues' central claim that “countries closer to the equator are generally more violent.” We point to the lack of credible empirical evidence for this assertion and suggest that the CLASH model uses the language of science to lend false credibility to a problematic sociocultural discourse.
Why the CLASH model is an unconvincing evolutionary theory of crime
Authors: Boutwell Brian B. , Winegard Bo
Published: May 2017

The CLASH model is not convincing for two reasons. First, it ignores prior research proposing very similar ideas in a more compelling fashion. Second, it dismisses the role of genetic factors in shaping criminal propensities across population groups, opting for a facultative view of life history evolution that does not seem to square with current evidence.
Russian data refute the CLASH model
Authors: Prudkov Pavel N. , Rodina Olga N.
Published: May 2017

We examined the CLASH model using the data on climate and violence from the Russian Federation. The Russian Federation is a huge country with dramatic climatic differences between regions. Our results are absolutely inconsistent with the model. We consider there are a range of climates in which the human organism functions optimally. Deviations from the range cause impulsiveness and aggression.
Mapping multiple drivers of human obesity
Authors: Bentley R. Alexander , O'Brien Michael J.
Published: May 2017

The insurance hypothesis is a reasonable explanation for the current obesity epidemic. One alternative explanation is that the marketing of high-sugar foods, especially sugar-sweetened beverages, drives the rise in obesity. Another prominent hypothesis is that obesity spreads through social influence. We offer a framework for estimating the extent to which these different models explain the rise in obesity.
Emerging approaches in literature-based discovery: techniques and performance review
Authors: Sebastian Yakub , Siew Eu-Gene , Orimaye Sylvester O.
Published: May 2017

Literature-based discovery systems aim at discovering valuable latent connections between previously disparate research areas. This is achieved by analyzing the contents of their respective literatures with the help of various intelligent computational techniques. In this paper, we review the progress of literature-based discovery research, focusing on understanding their technical features and evaluating their performance. The present literature-based discovery techniques can be divided into two general approaches: the traditional approach and the emerging approach. The traditional approach, which dominate the current research landscape, comprises mainly of techniques that rely on utilizing lexical statistics, knowledge-based and visualization methods in order to address literature-based discovery problems. On the other hand, we have also observed the births of new trends and unprecedented paradigm shifts among the recently emerging literature-based discovery approach. These trends are likely to shape the future trajectory of the next generation literature-based discovery systems.
Edwards valve-in-valve implantation in tricuspid position
Authors: Álvarez-Fuente Maria , Haas Nikolaus A. , del Cerro Maria Jesus
Published: May 2017

We present two cases of percutaneous Sapien XT valve-in-valve implantation in the tricuspid position: a 20-year-old man with severe congenital pulmonary stenosis and percutaneous valvuloplasty, who required surgical implantation of two protheses, pulmonary and tricuspid, and a 12-year-old boy with CHD and a degenerated tricuspid prosthesis. We implanted three Sapien XT valve-in-valves, two in the tricuspid position and one in the pulmonic position. Sapien XT valve-in-valve implantation in the tricuspid position is feasible and can decrease the number of surgeries in CHD patients.
Prichard on Causing a Change
Authors: Dancy Jonathan
Published: May 2017

This paper starts by considering an interesting argument of H.A. Prichard’s against the view that to act is to cause a change; the argument is that causing is not an activity. The argument is important because of the recent emergence of an ‘agent-causation’ view according to which actions are the causing of changes by agents. I suggest a way of responding to Prichard’s argument, and then, profiting from one of his own conclusions, turn to consider the relation between neurophysiological changes and the causation of bodily movement by the agent. I make a suggestion about the proper way to understand the relation between the neurophysiological changes, the bodily movements and the action.
Motor Skill and Moral Virtue
Authors: Fridland Ellen
Published: May 2017

Virtue ethicists often appeal to practical skill as a way of understanding the nature of virtue. An important commitment of a skill account of virtue is that virtue is learned through practice and not through study, memorization, or reflection alone. In what follows, I will argue that virtue ethicists have only given us half the story. In particular, in focusing on outputs, or on the right actions or responses to moral situations, virtue ethicists have overlooked a crucial facet of virtue: namely, that through practice, virtuous agents develop a cache of perceptual skills that allow them to attend to, detect, and identify the relevant features of a perceptual array, the selection of which is central to recognizing and categorizing a situation as a moral situation of a particular type. In order to support this claim, I will appeal to empirical studies of motor expertise, which show that an expert's capacity to attend to and recognize relevant perceptual inputs differs in important respects from the layperson's. Specifically, I will argue that performing the right action in the right circumstances improves an agent's ability to attend to and identify the morally relevant features of a moral situation.
Action as Downward Causation
Authors: Steward Helen
Published: May 2017

In this paper, I try to argue that the recognition that non-human animals are relevant to the free will problem delivers interesting new ways of thinking about the central metaphysical issues at the heart of that problem. Some such dividends, I suggest, are the following: (i) that the problem of free will can be considered to be just a more specific version of a general question concerning how agency is to be fitted into the natural world; (ii) that action can be usefully regarded as an especially interesting form of downward causation; and that (iii) the metaphysical possibility of downward causation, and hence, indirectly, also of free will, can be illuminated in valuable ways by thinking about the hierarchical structure of, and systems of functioning within, biological organisms.
Why do we find ourselves around a yellow star instead of a red star?
Authors: Haqq-Misra Jacob , Kopparapu Ravi Kumar , Wolf Eric T.
Published: May 2017

M-dwarf stars are more abundant than G-dwarf stars, so our position as observers on a planet orbiting a G-dwarf raises questions about the suitability of other stellar types for supporting life. If we consider ourselves as typical, in the anthropic sense that our environment is probably a typical one for conscious observers, then we are led to the conclusion that planets orbiting in the habitable zone of G-dwarf stars should be the best place for conscious life to develop. But such a conclusion neglects the possibility that K-dwarfs or M-dwarfs could provide more numerous sites for life to develop, both now and in the future. In this paper we analyse this problem through Bayesian inference to demonstrate that our occurrence around a G-dwarf might be a slight statistical anomaly, but only the sort of chance event that we expect to occur regularly. Even if M-dwarfs provide more numerous habitable planets today and in the future, we still expect mid G- to early K-dwarfs stars to be the most likely place for observers like ourselves. This suggests that observers with similar cognitive capabilities as us are most likely to be found at the present time and place, rather than in the future or around much smaller stars.
Methyl isonicotinate – a non-pheromone thrips semiochemical – and its potential for pest management
Authors: Teulon D.A.J. , Davidson M.M. , Perry N.B. , Nielsen M.-C. , Castañé C. , Bosch D. , Riudavets J. , van Tol R.W.H.M. , de Kogel W.J.
Published: May 2017

Methyl isonicotinate is one of several patented 4-pyridyl carbonyl compounds being investigated for a variety of uses in thrips pest management. It is probably the most extensively studied thrips non-pheromone semiochemical, with field and glasshouse trapping experiments, and wind tunnel and Y-tube olfactometer studies in several countries demonstrating a behavioural response that results in increased trap capture of at least 12 thrips species, including the cosmopolitan virus vectors such as western flower thrips and onion thrips. Methyl isonicotinate has several of the characteristics that are required for an effective semiochemical tool and is being mainly used as a lure in combination with coloured sticky traps for enhanced monitoring of thrips in greenhouses. Research indicates that this non-pheromone semiochemical has the potential to be used for other thrips management strategies such as mass trapping, lure and kill, lure and infect, and as a behavioural synergist in conjunction with insecticides, in a range of indoor and outdoor crops.
Evaluation of onion (Allium cepa) germplasm entries for resistance to onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) in Tanzania
Authors: Njau Gabriel Michael , Nyomora Agnes M. S. , Dinssa Fekadu Fufa , Chang Jian-Cheng , Malini P. , Subramanian S. , Srinivasan R.
Published: May 2017

Onion thrips,Thrips tabaci(Lindeman), is a prominent species infesting onion and tomato in the northern highlands of Tanzania. It causes considerable leaf damage by direct feeding and also transmits theIris yellow spot virus(IYSV). Hence, one of the objectives of this study was to identify the most resistant onion entries againstT. tabaci.One highly resistant (VI038552) and two resistant onion entries (VI038512 and AVON 1067) were identified againstT. tabaci. Besides thrips resistance, the bulb size of VI038512 was also equivalent to one of the commercial varieties, Texas. The highly resistant VI038552 recorded the highest yield, followed by the resistant entry, VI038512. However, the yield of AVON 1067 was significantly lower. Elucidation of the biophysical bases of resistance revealed that there was a significant negative correlation between leaf angle as well as leaf toughness and thrips damage. The total epicuticular wax content in the leaves had a weak and non-significant negative relationship with thrips damage. The scanning electron microscopic study confirmed that the wax crystals occurred as filaments, rods, platelets, tubes and complex dendritic structures, and that they were densely arranged in resistant or moderately resistant entries. Studies on the biochemical basis of resistance confirmed that there was a significant negative relationship between total phenol content and thrips damage. Similarly, the relationship between total foliar amino acids or total sugars and thrips damage was inversely correlated and non-significant. Hence, entries VI038552 and VI038512 could be promising candidates for breeding programmes aimed at developing onion varieties that are resistant to thrips and that are high yielding, which will help to enhance the productivity of onions in sub-Saharan Africa.
Dizzy à la Mimi: Jazz, Text, and Translation
Authors: GIVAN BENJAMIN
Published: May 2017

This article addresses issues of translation and transnational exchange, taking as a case study the two-pronged collaborative relationship between the French jazz singer, lyricist, and translator Mimi Perrin (1926–2010) and the African American trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie (1917–1993), whose memoir Perrin translated into French and with whom she collaborated on a 1963 jazz album. Perrin, who is the article's principal focus, founded the successful vocalese singing group Les Double Six in 1959 and then, after abandoning her musical career for health reasons in 1966, forged a new career as a literary translator. The article begins by examining her work as a translator of African American literature and demonstrates that her French edition of Gillespie's autobiography lacks some of the original's connotative cultural signification, in particular meanings conveyed through the book's use of black dialect. The article then turns to Perrin's work as a vocalese lyricist, which is notable in that she conceived of her lyricization of jazz improvisations as a sort of translation process, one that involved carefully selecting words in order to mimic the sounds of musical instruments. Her musical innovations are exemplified by a series of original French texts, set to Gillespie's music, on science fiction themes.
Porch and Playhouse, Parlor and Performance Hall: Traversing Boundaries in Gottschalk'sThe Banjo
Authors: PRUETT LAURA MOORE
Published: May 2017

This article reconsiders the cultural significance and historical impact of the well-known virtuosic piano compositionThe Banjoby Louis Moreau Gottschalk. Throughout the early nineteenth century, the banjo and the piano inhabited very specific and highly contrasting performance circumstances: black folk entertainment and minstrel shows for the former, white middle- and upper-class parlors and concert halls for the latter. InThe Banjo, Louis Moreau Gottschalk lifted the banjo out of its familiar contexts and placed it in the spaces usually privileged for the piano. Taking its inspiration from both African American and minstrel banjo playing techniques, Gottschalk's composition relaxed and muddled the boundaries among performance spaces, racial and class divisions, and two conspicuously different musical instruments in an egalitarian effort to demonstrate that, contrary to the opinions of some mid-nineteenth-century musical critics and tastemakers, both the piano and the banjo have a place in the shaping of American music culture.
Flame Weeding at Archaeological Sites of the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Kanellou Electra , Economou Garyfalia , Papafotiou Maria , Ntoulas Nikolaos , Lyra Dionyssia , Kartsonas Epameinontas , Knezevic Stevan
Published: May 2017

Archaeological sites of the Mediterranean region are widely colonized by weed species causing various problems both to the monuments and the functionality of the sites. Due to recent regulatory restrictions for herbicide use at archaeological sites, flame weeding was studied as an alternative weed management method. The objective of the study was to test two propane doses (99 kg ha−1 and 129 kg ha−1) applied two, three, or four times at three archaeological sites of Greece (Kolona, Ancient Messene and Early Christian Amfipolis). Percent weed control and weed heights were significantly affected by flaming treatments. Visual evaluation of percent weed control suggested that the propane dose of 129 kg ha−1 applied four times provided excellent weed control (>90%) for over 2 months. Annual broadleaf weeds were controlled better with flaming than grasses and perennial broadleaf species. The high propane dose applied four times reduced average vegetation height to about 10 cm, which was the desirable vegetation height wanted by the managers of the archeological sites suggesting that flame weeding has the potential to be used effectively for weed management in archaeological sites of the Mediterranean region.
Unraveling the History of the India-Asia Collision
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: May 2017

A study of deformed and metamorphosed rocks exposed in Tibet’s Lopu Range suggests that episodes of crustal shortening and extension during the evolution of the Himalaya are related to subduction processes.
Microbial contributions to the persistence of coral reefs
Authors: Webster Nicole S , Reusch Thorsten B H
Published: May 2017

On contemplating the adaptive capacity of reef organisms to a rapidly changing environment, the microbiome offers significant and greatly unrecognised potential. Microbial symbionts contribute to the physiology, development, immunity and behaviour of their hosts, and can respond very rapidly to changing environmental conditions, providing a powerful mechanism for acclimatisation and also possibly rapid evolution of coral reef holobionts. Environmentally acquired fluctuations in the microbiome can have significant functional consequences for the holobiont phenotype upon which selection can act. Environmentally induced changes in microbial abundance may be analogous to host gene duplication, symbiont switching / shuffling as a result of environmental change can either remove or introduce raw genetic material into the holobiont; and horizontal gene transfer can facilitate rapid evolution within microbial strains. Vertical transmission of symbionts is a key feature of many reef holobionts and this would enable environmentally acquired microbial traits to be faithfully passed to future generations, ultimately facilitating microbiome-mediated transgenerational acclimatisation (MMTA) and potentially even adaptation of reef species in a rapidly changing climate. In this commentary, we highlight the capacity and mechanisms for MMTA in reef species, propose a modified Price equation as a framework for assessing MMTA and recommend future areas of research to better understand how microorganisms contribute to the transgenerational acclimatisation of reef organisms, which is essential if we are to reliably predict the consequences of global change for reef ecosystems.
Joint morphogenetic cells in the adult mammalian synovium
Authors: Roelofs Anke J. , Zupan Janja , Riemen Anna H. K. , Kania Karolina , Ansboro Sharon , White Nathan , Clark Susan M. , De Bari Cosimo
Published: May 2017

The stem cells that safeguard synovial joints in adulthood are undefined. Studies on mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have mainly focused on bone marrow. Here we show that lineage tracing of Gdf5-expressing joint interzone cells identifies in adult mouse synovium an MSC population largely negative for the skeletal stem cell markers Nestin-GFP, Leptin receptor and Gremlin1. Following cartilage injury, Gdf5-lineage cells underpin synovial hyperplasia through proliferation, are recruited to a Nestin-GFPhigh perivascular population, and contribute to cartilage repair. The transcriptional co-factor Yap is upregulated after injury, and its conditional ablation in Gdf5-lineage cells prevents synovial lining hyperplasia and decreases contribution of Gdf5-lineage cells to cartilage repair. Cultured Gdf5-lineage cells exhibit progenitor activity for stable chondrocytes and are able to self-organize three-dimensionally to form a synovial lining-like layer. Finally, human synovial MSCs transduced with Bmp7 display morphogenetic properties by patterning a joint-like organ in vivo. Our findings further the understanding of the skeletal stem/progenitor cells in adult life.
Injection and controlled motion of conducting domain walls in improper ferroelectric Cu-Cl boracite
Authors: McQuaid Raymond G.P. , Campbell Michael P. , Whatmore Roger W. , Kumar Amit , Gregg J. Marty
Published: May 2017

Ferroelectric domain walls constitute a completely new class of sheet-like functional material. Moreover, since domain walls are generally writable, erasable and mobile, they could be useful in functionally agile devices: for example, creating and moving conducting walls could make or break electrical connections in new forms of reconfigurable nanocircuitry. However, significant challenges exist: site-specific injection and annihilation of planar walls, which show robust conductivity, has not been easy to achieve. Here, we report the observation, mechanical writing and controlled movement of charged conducting domain walls in the improper-ferroelectric Cu3B7O13Cl. Walls are straight, tens of microns long and exist as a consequence of elastic compatibility conditions between specific domain pairs. We show that site-specific injection of conducting walls of up to hundreds of microns in length can be achieved through locally applied point-stress and, once created, that they can be moved and repositioned using applied electric fields.
Tuning colloidal quantum dot band edge positions through solution-phase surface chemistry modification
Authors: Kroupa Daniel M. , Vörös Márton , Brawand Nicholas P. , McNichols Brett W. , Miller Elisa M. , Gu Jing , Nozik Arthur J. , Sellinger Alan , Galli Giulia , Beard Matthew C.
Published: May 2017

Band edge positions of semiconductors determine their functionality in many optoelectronic applications such as photovoltaics, photoelectrochemical cells and light emitting diodes. Here we show that band edge positions of lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, specifically quantum dots (QDs), can be tuned over 2.0 eV through surface chemistry modification. We achieved this remarkable control through the development of simple, robust and scalable solution-phase ligand exchange methods, which completely replace native ligands with functionalized cinnamate ligands, allowing for well-defined, highly tunable chemical systems. By combining experiments and ab initio simulations, we establish clear relationships between QD surface chemistry and the band edge positions of ligand/QD hybrid systems. We find that in addition to ligand dipole, inter-QD ligand shell inter-digitization contributes to the band edge shifts. We expect that our established relationships and principles can help guide future optimization of functional organic/inorganic hybrid nanostructures for diverse optoelectronic applications.
A bioprosthetic ovary created using 3D printed microporous scaffolds restores ovarian function in sterilized mice
Authors: Laronda Monica M. , Rutz Alexandra L. , Xiao Shuo , Whelan Kelly A. , Duncan Francesca E. , Roth Eric W. , Woodruff Teresa K. , Shah Ramille N.
Published: May 2017

Emerging additive manufacturing techniques enable investigation of the effects of pore geometry on cell behavior and function. Here, we 3D print microporous hydrogel scaffolds to test how varying pore geometry, accomplished by manipulating the advancing angle between printed layers, affects the survival of ovarian follicles. 30° and 60° scaffolds provide corners that surround follicles on multiple sides while 90° scaffolds have an open porosity that limits follicle–scaffold interaction. As the amount of scaffold interaction increases, follicle spreading is limited and survival increases. Follicle-seeded scaffolds become highly vascularized and ovarian function is fully restored when implanted in surgically sterilized mice. Moreover, pups are born through natural mating and thrive through maternal lactation. These findings present anin vivofunctional ovarian implant designed with 3D printing, and indicate that scaffold pore architecture is a critical variable in additively manufactured scaffold design for functional tissue engineering.
Plastic roles of pericytes in the blood–retinal barrier
Authors: Park Do Young , Lee Junyeop , Kim Jaeryung , Kim Kangsan , Hong Seonpyo , Han Sangyeul , Kubota Yoshiaki , Augustin Hellmut G. , Ding Lei , Kim Jin Woo , Kim Hail , He Yulong , Adams Ralf H. , Koh Gou Young
Published: May 2017

The blood–retinal barrier (BRB) consists of tightly interconnected capillary endothelial cells covered with pericytes and glia, but the role of the pericytes in BRB regulation is not fully understood. Here, we show that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B/PDGF receptor beta (PDGFRβ) signalling is critical in formation and maturation of BRB through active recruitment of pericytes onto growing retinal vessels. Impaired pericyte recruitment to the vessels shows multiple vascular hallmarks of diabetic retinopathy (DR) due to BRB disruption. However, PDGF-B/PDGFRβ signalling is expendable for maintaining BRB integrity in adult mice. Although selective pericyte loss in stable adult retinal vessels surprisingly does not cause BRB disintegration, it sensitizes retinal vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to VEGF-A, leading to upregulation of angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) in ECs through FOXO1 activation and triggering a positive feedback that resembles the pathogenesis of DR. Accordingly, either blocking Ang2 or activating Tie2 greatly attenuates BRB breakdown, suggesting potential therapeutic approaches to reduce retinal damages upon DR progression.
Nanogenerator-based dual-functional and self-powered thin patch loudspeaker or microphone for flexible electronics
Authors: Li Wei , Torres David , Díaz Ramón , Wang Zhengjun , Wu Changsheng , Wang Chuan , Lin Wang Zhong , Sepúlveda Nelson
Published: May 2017

Ferroelectret nanogenerators were recently introduced as a promising alternative technology for harvesting kinetic energy. Here we report the device’s intrinsic properties that allow for the bidirectional conversion of energy between electrical and mechanical domains; thus extending its potential use in wearable electronics beyond the power generation realm. This electromechanical coupling, combined with their flexibility and thin film-like form, bestows dual-functional transducing capabilities to the device that are used in this work to demonstrate its use as a thin, wearable and self-powered loudspeaker or microphone patch. To determine the device’s performance and applicability, sound pressure level is characterized in both space and frequency domains for three different configurations. The confirmed device’s high performance is further validated through its integration in three different systems: a music-playing flag, a sound recording film and a flexible microphone for security applications.
A hybrid cloud read aligner based on MinHash and kmer voting that preserves privacy
Authors: Popic Victoria , Batzoglou Serafim
Published: May 2017

Low-cost clouds can alleviate the compute and storage burden of the genome sequencing data explosion. However, moving personal genome data analysis to the cloud can raise serious privacy concerns. Here, we devise a method named Balaur, a privacy preserving read mapper for hybrid clouds based on locality sensitive hashing and kmer voting. Balaur can securely outsource a substantial fraction of the computation to the public cloud, while being highly competitive in accuracy and speed with non-private state-of-the-art read aligners on short read data. We also show that the method is significantly faster than the state of the art in long read mapping. Therefore, Balaur can enable institutions handling massive genomic data sets to shift part of their analysis to the cloud without sacrificing accuracy or exposing sensitive information to an untrusted third party.
Anthropogenic iron oxide aerosols enhance atmospheric heating
Authors: Moteki Nobuhiro , Adachi Kouji , Ohata Sho , Yoshida Atsushi , Harigaya Tomoo , Koike Makoto , Kondo Yutaka
Published: May 2017

Combustion-induced carbonaceous aerosols, particularly black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC), have been largely considered as the only significant anthropogenic contributors to shortwave atmospheric heating. Natural iron oxide (FeOx) has been recognized as an important contributor, but the potential contribution of anthropogenic FeOx is unknown. In this study, we quantify the abundance of FeOx over East Asia through aircraft measurements using a modified single-particle soot photometer. The majority of airborne FeOx particles in the continental outflows are of anthropogenic origin in the form of aggregated magnetite nanoparticles. The shortwave absorbing powers (Pabs) attributable to FeOx and to BC are calculated on the basis of their size-resolved mass concentrations and the mean Pabs(FeOx)/Pabs(BC) ratio in the continental outflows is estimated to be at least 4–7%. We demonstrate that in addition to carbonaceous aerosols the aggregate of magnetite nanoparticles is a significant anthropogenic contributor to shortwave atmospheric heating.