bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Banking Transformation and Performance-Where Do We Stand?
Authors: HAKIZIMANA SAMUEL , Makau Charity Wairimu Muraguri- , Stephen Muathe
Published: March 2023

Every day an increasing number of business ventures are founded all over the world, however, these businesses require financial services to prosper. The conventional banking model though most relied upon by businesses the entry of digital banking is transforming the banking landscape. This paper focused on digital Banking Transformation and performance. Existing secondary data on Digital Banking Transformation and Performance was examined using scoping review by searching on Google Scholar and other respective online libraries for articles about digital banking transformation. The findings indicated that the vast majority of commercial banks have put in place various approaches to ensure trade and investment. Commercial banks pursue access to financial services with the primary goal of expanding their customer base and, as a result, enhancing funds and lending records. However, increased commercial enclosure clues to an increase in Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) which jeopardizes commercial bank solidity by increasing commercial bank credit danger. The study recommended that for appropriate bank lending survival and performance, banks should improve their use of digital access, digital channels, digital value and financial Inclusion as it has recently been proved that they have an impact on the financial efficiency and performance of banks. For proper commercial bank survival and prosperity, more focus should be placed on continuing to increase the application of Debit/Credit Cards and ATM financial services, especially when working with point-of-sale money transfers, particularly in supermarkets, stores, and retail locations. As it has been demonstrated, banks need to use debit cards through effective monitoring initiatives to reduce unnecessary operational and labour costs. The governments should also assist commercial banks in combating technological crimes, hinder not only the financial system but also other businesses, thereby influencing the banking system.

Keywords: Digital Access, Digital Banking Transformation, Digital Channels, Digital Value, Financial Inclusion, Regulatory policies and Performance.
A Unified Framework for Quantifying Privacy Risk in Synthetic Data
Authors: Giomi Matteo , Boenisch Franziska , Wehmeyer Christoph , Tasnádi Borbála
Published: March 2023

Synthetic data is often presented as a method for sharing sensitive information in a privacy-preserving manner by reproducing the global statistical properties of the original data without dis closing sensitive information about any individual. In practice, as with other anonymization methods, synthetic data cannot entirely eliminate privacy risks. These residual privacy risks need instead to be ex-post uncovered and assessed. However, quantifying the actual privacy risks of any synthetic dataset is a hard task, given the multitude of facets of data privacy. We present Anonymeter, a statistical framework to jointly quantify different types of privacy risks in synthetic tabular datasets. We equip this framework with attack-based evaluations for the singling out, linkability, and inference risks, which are the three key indicators of factual anonymization according to data protection regulations, such as the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to introduce a coherent and legally aligned evaluation of these three privacy risks for synthetic data, as well as to design privacy attacks which model directly the singling out and linkability risks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods by conducting an extensive set of experiments that measure the privacy risks of data with deliberately inserted privacy leakages, and of synthetic data generated with and without differential privacy. Our results highlight that the three privacy risks reported by our framework scale linearly with the amount of privacy leakage in the data. Furthermore, we observe that synthetic data exhibits the lowest vulnerability against linkability, indicating one-to-one relationships between real and synthetic data records are not preserved. Finally, with a quantitative comparison we demonstrate that Anonymeter outperforms existing synthetic data privacy evaluation frameworks both in terms of detecting privacy leaks, as well as computation speed. To contribute to a privacy-conscious usage of synthetic data, we publish Anonymeter as an open-source library (https://github.com/statice/anonymeter).
SoK: Differentially Private Publication of Trajectory Data
Authors: Miranda-Pascual Àlex , Guerra-Balboa Patricia , Parra-Arnau Javier , Forné Jordi , Strufe Thorsten
Published: March 2023

Trajectory analysis holds many promises, from improvements in traffic management to routing advice or infrastructure development. However, learning users' paths is extremely privacy-invasive. Therefore, there is a necessity to protect trajectories such that we preserve the global properties, useful for analysis, while specific and private information of individuals remains inaccessible. Trajectories, however, are difficult to protect, since they are sequential, highly dimensional, correlated, bound to geophysical restrictions, and easily mapped to semantic points of interest. This paper aims to establish a systematic framework on protective masking and synthetic-generation measures for trajectory databases with syntactic and differentially private (DP) guarantees, including also utility properties, derived from ideas and limitations of existing proposals. To reach this goal, we systematize the utility metrics used throughout the literature, deeply analyze the DP granularity notions, explore and elaborate on the state of the art on privacy-enhancing mechanisms and their problems, and expose the main limitations of DP notions in the context of trajectories.
Endeudamiento en las Pymes: ¿Qué paso durante la pandemia Covid-19?
Authors: Haro Sarango Alexander Fernando , Lema Quinga Lourdes Guadalupe , Alvarado Angamarca Josselyn Tatiana , Labre Salazar Anita Lucia , Pulla Auquilla María José
Published: March 2023

La pandemia del COVID-19 ha tenido un gran impacto en las empresas de todo el mundo, y muchas han tenido que recurrir a la deuda para sobrevivir. El cierre de empresas y la disminución de las ventas han reducido los ingresos, mientras que los costos fijos, como el alquiler, los salarios y los suministros, han seguido siendo los mismos. Con dicha premisa, el estudio plantea como objetivo: determinar si la pandemia Covid-19 incidió en el nivel de endeudamiento en las empresas manufactureras de la zona 3 del Ecuador. El estudio recurre al análisis de varianza para comparar múltiples medias (ANOVA) y Prueba de Tukey. Como resultados se percibe que no existe un impacto de la pandemia en el endeudamiento en este grupo de empresas, pero esto no significa que en otros casos no exista dicho impacto. No es totalmente correcto afirmar que el COVID-19 no ha aumentado la deuda en las empresas. De hecho, la pandemia ha afectado significativamente a la economía mundial y ha obligado a muchas empresas a recurrir al endeudamiento para mantener sus operaciones en marcha, pero, es prioritario considerar la diversidad de los sujetos de estudio y sus escenarios.
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Student Teams Achievement Divisions Melalui Bantuan Alat Peraga Roda Integral
Authors: Mashuri Anwas , Syafita Dewi Nur Alya
Published: March 2023

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk mengembangkan pembelajaran STAD dengan bantuan alat peraga Roda Integral. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode literature review untuk mendapatkan rumusan masalah. Selain itu, tinjauan pustaka  digunakan untuk pengumpulan data, pembahasan, kesimpulan dan proposal. Hasil studi pustaka mengungkapkan Prosedur pembelajaran STAD menggunakan media roda Integral. Artinya, 1) tahap penyampaian materi dilakukan dengan menggunakan media roda integral. 2) Fase membagi kelompok dengan peserta yang heterogen terjadi setelah materi disampaikan. 3) Kegiatan presentasi kelompok dan pendidik mengamati setiap kelompok. 4) Tahap evaluasi hasil belajar, dengan bantuan media roda integral. 5) Setelah evaluasi selesai, kelompok terbaik akan diberikan penghargaan. Pembelajaran STAD dengan media pembelajaran bertujuan untuk menjadikan alternatif pembelajaran  lebih beragam, kreatif dan inovatif.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Abad 21 dengan Pendekatan Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas XI SMK N1 Moro’o Nias Barat Pada Materi Barisan dan Deret Aritmatika
Authors: Sijabat Oslen Parulian , Sihite Agustina Cahaya Berlian , Manao Maria Marta , Pangaribuan Firman , Naibaho Tutiarny
Published: March 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui adanya pengaruh pembelajaran abad 21 dengan pendekatan PBL terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI OTKP 1 SMK N1 Moro’o.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu, dengan sampel sebanyak 20 orang. Dari hasil penelitian perhitungan analisis regresi didapat persamaan regresinya: Y  = 67,43 + 0,45X. pada persamaan tersebut koefisien arah regresi linier (b) = 0,45 bertanda positif dengan Fhitung  F tabel  (17,99  4,14) tolak H0, artinya ada pengaruh pembelajaran abad 21 dengan pendekatan problem based learning (pbl) terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI SMK N1 Moro’o Nias Barat. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh thitung diperoleh sebesar 0,730 dan ttabel sebesar 0,688. Maka (-0,688 < 0,730 atau 0,730> 0,688) maka Ada hubungan yang berarti (signifikan) model pembelajaran PBL terhadap prestasi belajar siswa siswa kelas XI SMK N1 Moro’o Nias Barat.
Kepraktisan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Komik Pada Materi Kalor di SMP Negeri 1 Tapa
Authors: Umar Indah Parawangsa , Uloli Ritin , Jahja Mohamad
Published: March 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kepraktisan dari media pembelajaran berbasis komik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Tapa dan diujicobakan di kelas VII-6. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Research and Development (R&D) dengan model penembangan 4-D yang dikembangkan oleh Thigarajan yang terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu: pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan dan penyebaran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis komik sangat praktis digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dengan memperoleh rata-rata persntase keterlaksanaan pembelajaran adalah 98,13% dengan kategori sangat baik serta respon peserta didik memperoleh rata-rata persentae 90,17%. Dengan kriteria sangat baik dan respon dari guru memperoleh presentase 84,95% denan kategori baik.
Sedimentologika: a community-driven diamond open access journal in sedimentology
Authors: Thomas Camille , Privat Aurelia , Vaucher Romain , Spychala Yvonne , Zuchuat Valentin , Marchegiano Marta , Poyatos-Moré Miquel , Kane Ian , Chiarella Domenico
Published: March 2023

Sedimentologika is a community-driven Diamond Open Access scientific journal for the publication of work in the broad area of sedimentology and stratigraphy. The journal aims to provide a platform to the academic community and broader society, offering and guaranteeing permanent free publication and free access to peer-reviewed scientific studies focusing on all types of sedimentary processes, deposits, and environments across all spatial and temporal scales, on Earth or any other planetary body. It will publish high-quality research that will advance the field of sedimentary science (through multidisciplinarity, new teaching practices, tools and methods, and progress in accessibility to science). Sedimentologika is part of an ongoing broader Diamond Open Access movement in geosciences aspiring freedom from the financial barriers and pressures of private publishing houses, to provide direct and equal access to science for all citizens, scientists, and institutions worldwide. The published material will include research, review, methodology and opinion articles, which will be free to share, as the authors will retain the copyright on all the submitted material. Manuscripts will be published in English. Authors can attach a second abstract in the language of their choice, further allowing local communities, students, or decisional bodies to access, at least, a summary of the latest research, thus reducing potential language barriers. Sedimentologika follows Open Science principles to promote ethical dissemination and accessibility of science and knowledge, following high equity, diversity and inclusion standards. Sedimentologika emerged as a solution for the scientific community to sidestep structural inequality of the academic publishing system that is becoming financially unsustainable to its payers (authors, funding agencies), and to commit to bibliodiversity. The objective is to ensure that scientific findings remain accessible to all in order to keep advancing research and informing society on how we understand sedimentology and stratigraphy in the world around us. Sedimentologika is driven by the academic and scientific community for the community and society, promoting self-governance and adapting to the needs expressed by the community.
The Role of Cognitive Dysfunction and Health Literacy on the Quality of Life in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Keshmiri Nasrabadi Fatemeh , Rahimzadeh Susan , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil
Published: March 2023

Background: Cancer disease is considered one of the basic health problems in the world, which threatens the health of human life. It causes numerous personal, family and social damages in physical, psychological, and social dimensions. Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating health literacy and cognitive dysfunction on the quality of life of cancer survivors to make better decisions for the daily functioning, quality of life, and work capacity of cancer survivors so that their lives can be spent with more peace and less stress. Methods: With a descriptive correlational design, 350 cancer survivors of the Cancer Research Cancer, Shahid Beheshti University of Madical Sciences (Shohaday Tajrish Hospital) from September 2021 to November 2021, who had been treated for at least one year, volunteered online and in person. In this study, a Cognitive Failure Questionnaire, Cancer Health Literacy Test, and the Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors were used. Results: Pearson correlation showed a negative relationship between cognitive dysfunction and quality of life; so, path analysis showed that 25% of the quality of life is predicted by cognitive dysfunction, but cancer health literacy was not correlated with the quality of life of cancer survivors. Conclusions: According to the findings, the optimization of cognitive functions after treatment was emphasized to increase the quality of life of cancer survivors.
Brachial Plexopathy After Modified Radical Mastectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Azizifarsani Hamidreza , Khorasanizadeh Shayesteh , Arefian Nour Mohammad , Behnaz Faranak , Makeh Afsaneh Sadat , Tafrishinejad Arash
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Brachial plexus injury (BPI) is not a common complication of surgery and anesthesia, which may happen with varied mechanisms like over-abduction, no appropriate positioning, and upper limb stretching. The overall prognosis of BPIs is commonly satisfactory, but the poor function of the upper limb may not be fully recovered in all cases and may end in the permanent sequel in serious injuries. Case Presentation: This study reported a woman with breast cancer. She developed a right brachial plexopathy following a modified radical mastectomy. Upon conservative treatment, full recovery was achieved and normal function of the right upper limb was observed 3 months following the operation. Conclusions: The arm's extremely abnormal positioning during intraoperative manipulation and axillary retraction or hyper abduction can lead to BPI. Nerve injury can occur even in diabetic patients, whose blood glucose is well controlled and have no other risk factors. If the nerve structure is intact, spontaneous recovery can be expected with conservative management.
Effect of Family Psychological Education Program on Positive and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fereidooni Samad , Mehryar Amir Hoshang , Javidi Hajjotollah , Afshari Ramin
Published: March 2023

Background: Familial psycho-education is a training model dedicated to providing essential information and educating families with a psychiatric patient to work with mental health professionals as part of a treatment plan for their ill family members. Objectives: Our aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the family psychological didactic program as an adjunctive treatment to medication in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia to reduce negative and positive symptoms. Methods: In this clinical trial, we included 49 Iranian inpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia hospitalized at Shiraz Psychiatric Hospital from September 2016 to May 2017. They were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 24) and control (n = 25) groups. All groups were prescribed their usual pharmacological treatments. Additionally, in the experimental group, a psychological education intervention was planned for their families. This intervention consisted of six 90-minute sessions that lasted for three weeks. Before the intervention, after the intervention, and two months after the intervention, all subjects completed the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: This study was undertaken on 50 hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Most were male (72%). The mean PANSS scores at the pretest and posttest were 82.5 ± 12.594 and 84.72 ± 9.629 for the intervention group and 50.08 ± 11.477 and 51.92 ± 9.823 for the control group, respectively. Based on the ANCOVA, all groups showed the same decrease in the posttest PANSS score, although there was no considerable difference among the groups (F = 0.049; P = 0.825) in the posttest. Nevertheless, eight weeks after the completion of the intervention program, the severity of symptoms was significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control group. (F = 165.931; P = 0.001). Conclusions: The family psychological training intervention as an additional treatment for hospitalized patients with schizophrenia can increase the effectiveness of drug treatment. Of course, we must consider the small research sample when generalizing the results.
Factores afectivos y la producción oral en estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera: Alcances y limitaciones para un aprendizaje eficaz
Authors: Quevedo Lezama Christian Rafael
Published: March 2023

En la actualidad, los factores afectivos han obtenido un mayor protagonismo en el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje del inglés debido a las deficiencias percibidas a través del tiempo y como consecuencia de los nuevos enfoques que ha ido adoptando la educación. El objetivo de esta investigación se basó en describir la relación entre los factores afectivos y la producción oral del inglés. La metodología fue realizada mediante la revisión sistemática de literatura científica indexada aplicando el método de revisión documental, donde se consideraron artículos de los últimos años, en diferentes idiomas y países, recuperados de bases de datos confiables, donde se logró obtener el total 60 artículos, que posterior a los criterios considerados por el autor, se consideraron 49, los que, finalmente, se analizaron y formaron parte del presente. Se concluyó que, en efecto, existe un vínculo entre el estado afectivo del estudiante con la producción oral del idioma inglés, especialmente en factores como la motivación, nerviosismo, inhibición y estrés, los cuales son principales limitantes para el dominio eficiente del estudiante, ya que estos afectan considerablemente en sus capacidades y desempeño.
Evolución de las remuneraciones de los docentes en una universidad pública peruana y la desigualdad en su distribución
Authors: Céspedes Aguirre Lourdes Lucila , Tello Cornejo Janeth Leynig , Cuadros Ojeda Víctor Pedro , Martel Carranza Christian Paolo , Narvaez del Aguila Miguel Bryan
Published: March 2023

La desigualdad económica hace referencia a la diferenciación de los estándares de vida de la población, en este caso, el de los docentes universitarios. En el estudio se describió la evolución del número de docentes y de sus remuneraciones durante el período 2000-2020, y se determinó la desigualdad existente. Para lo cal, se utilizó el Coeficiente de Gini y la Curva de Lorenz. La data del período de análisis, muestra un incremento considerable del número de docentes de las categorías asociados y principales a partir del 2010; y en el caso de las remuneraciones, la categoría de principal tuvo un incremento considerable a partir del año 2011 y manteniéndose constante hasta el 2016. Los Coeficientes de Gini reflejan valores de 0.47, 0.56 y 0.75 para las categorías de auxiliar, asociado y principal respectivamente. En conclusión, la categoría principal; es la que más se acerca a la línea de la perfecta desigualdad.
СУЩНОСТЬ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ И УСЛОВИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА
Authors: Астахова Юлия Николаевна
Published: March 2023

В современных условиях развития российской экономики одним из драйверов ее роста является внедрение цифровых технологи в различные отрасли, в частности - сельское хозяйство. Более низкий уровень информационного, технического и экономического развития сельского хозяйства по сравнению с другими отраслями и специфика системы аграрного производства требуют исследования перспектив повышения эффективности хозяйственной деятельности на основе цифровой трансформации сельского хозяйства.
Understanding Ice Cream
Authors: Smith Earl ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: March 2023

What is the root cause of political polarization? In this philosophical short story, Professor Gault is having a rough day. His graduate-level class on the growing polarization in politics is just as heated and polarized as the subject they're discussing. He thinks his students are the bugs trapped in the web of rhetoric, instead of being the spider. In a daze after class, a strange woman strikes up a conversation with him and presents an alternate theory. Perhaps, she argues, the underlying foundation of our time is narcissism. Maybe politics is just fertile ground for those who want to feel like gods in a fantasy world of their own creation, where only they can fight the eternal battle of good versus evil. Perhaps polarization isn't genuine, but merely the result of narcissists attempting to wage epic battles to avoid realizing that, outside of the world they've imagined, they don't really matter.
Metaphors
Authors: Anderson Marie ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: March 2023

Is it possible to overcome societal pressures and interact genuinely with neighbors? In this philosophical short story, an elderly white woman who lives as a minority in a predominantly black neighborhood is targeted with a urine-filled water balloon in front of her home. The message is clear: she is no longer welcome in this racially charged environment. Zion, the young black boy who lives next door, has known her his entire life and they have been friends. He has helped her with small chores around the house. Zion advises her to leave the neighborhood. As time passes, Zion visits less frequently, and eventually returns the pile of sweaters she had knitted for him over the years. A "good metaphor," she says. This story is a part of our legacy-of-excellence program, first printed in After Dinner Conversation - December, 2020 issue.
The Dialectic of Aristotle’s Rhetoric
Authors: Davis Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2023

Aristotle writes the Art of Rhetoric rhetorically. His actions sometimes speak louder than his words. At first, he presents rhetoric as concerned with a species of logos, but gradually makes clear that all logos is somehow rhetorical. To understand human beings, the animals with logos, one must first understand logos, thinking through its dyadic structure as at once communication and articulation—a structure that guarantees its failure fully to articulate and fully to communicate. Now, persuasion proceeds “by speaking either examples or enthymemes, and besides these nothing.” To understand the enthymeme proves to require an understanding of topos—topic. But topos becomes clear only by way of a long series of examples. Finally, then, it is owing to the example, its strange mixture of the universal and particular, that we understand what Aristotle is doing. The example, itself exemplary of the power logos is the key to understanding human nature.
Molecular Approach of Vascular Functions to Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy: A Report
Authors: Bhunia Snehasis
Published: March 2023

Integrated approach of yoga therapy (IAYT) is defined as the use of yoga practices for the prevention and treatment of medical conditions. Beyond the physical elements of yoga, this incorporates appropriate breathing techniques, mindfulness, and meditation in order to achieve the maximum benefits. The practice of yoga (IAYT) is not easy or as quick as taking medication, but mounting evidence suggest it is worth the effort and investment. This is based on Pancha kosha concept, helps one to reconnect with oneself. This can ultimately help to relieve one from the pressures and stressors which we receive almost daily. Neuroendocrine involvement is brought here and interactions between regulatory bodies and vascular functions have been elaborated. Only physical exercise or yoga did not show much beneficial. It is also should be noted that the field of yoga research encompasses the inherent dilemma of the wide variety of yogic practices used as interventional therapies. It has also been shown to have psychological benefits, as the practice can help to increase mental energy, positive feeling and decrease negative feeling of aggressiveness, depression and anxiety. Keeping these in minds it is very much essential to understand the regulatory involvement and their basic interactions with vascular physiology in IAYT.
Neoplastic Progression in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Luchini Claudio , Scarpa Aldo
Published: March 2023

Context.—

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) represent a heterogeneous group of epithelial tumors of the pancreas showing neuroendocrine differentiation. These neoplasms are classified into well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), which include G1, G2, and G3 tumors, and poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs), which are G3 by definition. This classification mirrors clinical, histologic, and behavioral differences and is also supported by robust molecular evidence.

Objective.—

To summarize and discuss the state of the art regarding neoplastic progression of PanNENs. A better comprehension of the mechanisms underpinning neoplastic evolution and progression of these neoplasms may open new horizons for expanding biologic knowledge and ultimately for addressing new therapeutic strategies for patients with PanNENs.

Data Sources.—

Literature review of published studies and the authors' own work.

Conclusions.—

PanNETs can be seen as a unique category, where G1-G2 tumors may progress to G3 tumors mainly driven by DAXX/ATRX mutations and alternative lengthening of telomeres. Conversely, PanNECs display totally different histomolecular features more closely related to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, including TP53 and Rb alterations. They seem to derive from a nonneuroendocrine cell of origin. Even the study of PanNEN precursor lesions corroborates the rationale of considering PanNETs and PanNECs as separate and distinct entities. Improving the knowledge regarding this dichotomous distinction, which guides tumor evolution and progression, will represent a critical basis for PanNEN precision oncology.
Իրանի ճանապարհային քարտեզը որպես նոր այլընտրանք տարածաշրջանում / The Road Map of Iran as a New Alternative in the Region
Authors: Vardazaryan Yerem M. , Hakobyan Erik A.
Published: March 2023

From the 80s of the 20th century until today, Iran is under sanctions imposed by the United States, which does not allow the country to develop international economic ties with American and European countries and enter the world market. In an attempt to counterbalance and avoid domestic economic collapse in the face of imposed sanctions,
Iran made a decision and since the last decades of the 20th century began to engage in a higher level of cooperation with regional countries, which was reflected in the policy of connecting its railway network with neighboring and other regional countries, most famously is called "railway policy".
Iran also wants to have a second, alternative option in addition to having a railway connection with any country, because that road may cease to be operational for various reasons, as a result of which the countries will lose this vital path between them. In order to prevent this, Iran wants to have alternative versions of all its interstate railways with its
projects, which mainly operate or are being designed through the territory of other states.
ՀՀ երիտասարդների սոցիալական ադապտացիան հետպատերազմյան իրականությունում. սոցիոլոգիական վերլուծություն / Social adaptation of Armenian youth in the post-war reality. Sociological analysis
Authors: Galstyan Marina K.
Published: March 2023

The problem and features of adaptation of Armenian youth in crisis situations is represented in the article. In the frames of the article the main theoretical concepts on social adaptation are discussed (Piaget, Spencer, Parsons, Merton, Toffler). In the meantime, necessary parallels are drawn between psychological and sociological approaches of social adaptation. The article presents the meaning the definitions of social adaptation. The aim of the article is to point out the level of adaptation of young people in the socio-economic sphere in the post-war reality and to highlight the influence of factors related to post-war conditions on the social adaptation of young people. The sociological understanding of social adaptation makes it possible to discover what adaptation models young people have used in the post-war reality. Deprivation and imitative type adaptations are among the dominant models: deprivation and imitative type adaptations are mostly common among unemployed, war-participating youth. And among students, employed young people, a compensatory type of adaptation is noticeable. The topic can be considered as a base for clarifying and solving a number of current issues on youth in Armenia. It is also helpful for political decision-making process.
Grounds for Territorial Changes in International Law
Authors: Martirosyan Lilit G.
Published: March 2023

In the past, territories were often acquired through war and conquest, but modern international law offers other methods for gaining territory without using force. The UN Charter, which serves as evidence of this, includes a principle that prohibits the use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state and
also includes the right of self-defense for nations in the event of an armed attack. This is outlined in Article 2 point 4 and Article 51 of the Charter.
Small Business Management for Online Business - Web Development, Internet Marketing, Social Networks
Authors:   Multimedia SRL, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: March 2023

A guide for home business and small business companies to develop online strategies for online presence, using the advantages of Web 2.0, web development, online promotion and social media. Web 2.0 is the evolution of the Web towards greater simplicity (requiring no technical knowledge or computer for users) and interactivity (allowing everyone, individually or collectively, to contribute, share and collaborate in various forms). Crowdsourcing, or participatory production, one of the emerging areas of knowledge management, is the use of creativity, intelligence and know-how of a large number of people, outsourcing, to perform certain tasks traditionally performed by an employee or contractor. Web development can take different forms: from a simple static page to dynamic pages with a connection to a database. Agile methods are groups of practices for the development of projects in IT (software design) that can be applied to various types of projects. They involve the maximum the applicant (client) and allow greater responsiveness to requests. They aim to real customer satisfaction a priority under a development agreement. A succesful web development is primarily based on iterative refinement of needs implemented in functionality in progress and even already completed. The marketing strategy aims to put the company in question in line with the implicit or explicit requirements of the market in which it operates. The foundations of the strategy are to discover and especially to influence the needs of potential customers and identify products and services. E-marketing, or Internet marketing, is used to manage a web presence and a report to the user and to the communities it represents. The challenge here is to disseminate a consistent image of brand and company regardless of the communication media. Marketing 2.0 refers to a new generation of emerging marketing concepts of the Internet age. A social network is a set of brands, such as individuals or organizations, interconnected by links created during social interactions. It is represented by a structure or a dynamic form of a social group. The analysis of social networks is based on network theory, the use of graphs, and sociological analysis. Pnline social networking services are used to build a social network by connecting friends, associates, and generally individuals together using a variety of tools in order to facilitate, for example, management of professional careers, distribution and artistic visibility, or private meetings. Social commerce is a subset of e-commerce. It involves social media, and other digital media that support social interaction and user contributions, to assist in buying and selling products and services online. Simply put, social commerce is the use of social networks for e-commerce transactions.
Bedömning och sambedömning i förskola enligt förskollärares, chefers och rektorers skriftliga beskrivningar
Authors: Vallberg Roth Ann-Christine
Published: March 2023

In Swedish preschools teachers seem to struggle with the concept of assessment in their day-to-day practices. The aim with this article is to build knowledge of how preschool teachers and managers/principals from eight Swedish municipalities characterise assessment and co-assessment in Swedish preschools. The material was generated in a 2018 survey completed by 240 respondents (85% response rate). A didaktik-oriented textual analysis was conducted. The results identify eight distinctive traces between the rejection and recognition of assessment in preschool. Assessment is preferably focused on learning in previous preschool studies. Co-assessment is repeatedly highlighted as an equality marker: "Co-assessment is for me that we are moving towards a more equal activity". Although assessment is preferably focused on learning, traces of teaching-oriented assessment also emerge. The concept of didaktik assessment is tested in relation to Learning-oriented assessment, LOA.
Fritidspedagogisk undervisning: En fråga om intentionalitet, situations-styrning och inbäddning
Authors: Ackesjö Helena , Haglund Björn
Published: March 2023

The aim of this article is to contribute with knowledge about how teachers in school-age educare describe their teaching. Teachers in school-age educare move between two different value systems as they are in a field of tension between tradition and new educational policy intentions. Written reflections from 48 teachers at 31 schools in four municipalities have been analyzed based on what has been described as necessary teaching elements; intentionality, interactivity and intersubjectivity.

The deductive analysis resulted in four themes; Play-oriented teaching, Subject-related teaching, Situation-based teaching and Value-based teaching. The results, based on the study's analyzing concepts, show that the teacher's control is central to whether the activities that the teachers carry out can be called teaching or not. The results also show that teaching in school-age educare still centers around a historical core of play, child focus and adaptation to the situation, even though this has been supplemented with new educational policy intentions that emphasize teaching and evaluation of childrens’ learning. However, the analyzes also show that teachers in school-age educare can move flexibly between the two value systems.
Alla läser! Empiriska perspektiv på frågan om litteraturens samhälleliga relevans
Authors: Nordberg Olle
Published: March 2023

Imaginative literature in Swedish schools is beset by a conflict of goals. It is initially and generally presented in the curriculum as a resource for personal development, insights into the mindset of other people, and the strengthening of democratic values. However, going further in the official school guidelines this literary orientation is supplanted by an instrumental orientation emphasizing technical reading skills, linguistic proficiency, fact-finding and precise grading criteria. This conflict has been subject to considerable research on a theoretical level. The reading project presented here, by contrast, studies an exceptionally large corpus of 25 teachers and 1 200 students empirically to see how they react to the conflict of goals in five major areas: Legitimation, Learning, Gender and age, Teaching and Valorisation. In this paper, the project design is grounded, presented and combined with a discussion about the relevance – and potential – of literary fiction based on some preliminary results.
Redaktören har ordet: Forskning om och genom möten mellan människor, praktiker och fenomen
Authors: Irisdotter Aldenmyr Sara
Published: March 2023

Årets första nummer av Utbildning & Lärande publiceras under en tid då Högskolan Dalarnas lokaler åter igen börjar fyllas med människor efter pandemiårens folktomma tillvaro. Med hjälp av olika digitala redskap har vi dock bibehållit och vidareutvecklat våra möteskulturer, på lärosäten och i andra pedagogiska verksamheter runtom i landet och världen. Vi har lärt oss att skapa dynamik och hantera turtagning över nätet, vi har skapat mötespraxis som gör att geografiska avstånd inte längre uppfattas som ett hinder för samtal – och vi har också insett vilka kvalitéer som möten i samma fysiska rum möjliggör. Samtidigt har livet i andra pedagogiska praktiker pågått som vanligt, med skillnaden att möten med barns och elevers vårdnadshavare förlagts till nätet eller utomhusmiljöer.
One size fits all – utveckling av lärmiljöer för nyanlända elever i behov av specialpedagogiska stödinsatser
Authors: Johansson Anna
Published: March 2023

This study aims to increase the understanding of how learning environments have been developed for newly arrived immigrant pupils in need of special educational support measures according to special educators. In this way, knowledge can be deepened about obstacles and opportunities in the school system regarding the development of learning environments, which can have an impact on these pupils' learning. Free text responses from an e-questionnaire were analyzed through conventional content analysis. The analysis revealed varied descriptions of what characterizes the development of learning environments at schools. For example, many respondents described what characterizes as general adaptations as a kind of one size fits all solutions. Special educators also described support for language learning and language understanding in small groups, training for school staff and enhanced collaborations. The characterization of special educators´ descriptions is deepened and discussed with regard to obstacles and opportunities in the school system. To deepen the understanding, the results from this study are analyzed together with previous research and Skrtic's (1991; 2005) concept of the school system, reflecting school bureaucracies and adhocracy. The obstacles in the development of learning environments are found in special solutions, lack of efforts and unclear areas of responsibility, while successes are found in training for school staff and enhanced collaborations in joint professional work.
Food Literacy: Matens betydelse för hälsa som undervisningsinnehåll
Authors: Oljans Emma
Published: March 2023

The aim of the present article is to analyse and discuss how teachers speak about goals and content of food literacy in teaching about food and health in Home Economics (HE). More specific, what different constructions of food literacy can be identified in teachers' talk about the drive and content of teaching food and health? Six focus group discussions were held in four different cities with a total of 27 HE teachers. Different visions of scientific literacy are used as a framework to analyse and discuss food literacy in education. Three different categories were identified, including different visions regarding students’ opportunities to develop awareness of how food influences health. Food literacy in HE includes disciplinary learning of specific knowledge and skills. Teaching HE is a multidisciplinary task, in which a number of disciplines are involved. The article examines what each vision refers to and what overarching purpose is expected to motivate a student to learn and to develop in a specific direction. Each vision therefore provides altered constructions of educational orientation in terms of meaning-making.
Gamificación en la evaluación del aprendizaje: valoración del uso de Kahoot!
Authors: Marín Suelves Diana , Vidal Esteve Mª Isabel , Peirats Chacón José , López Marí María
Published: March 2023

En estas líneas se presenta un trabajo descriptivo, de índole cualitativa, con el que se pretende analizar la valoración que un grupo de estudiantes del Grado de Magisterio de la Universitat de València realizan de la utilización de la aplicación Kahoot!, en las clases de segundo curso de la asignatura de Necesidades Educativas Especiales. Esta herramienta fue utilizada de forma espontánea por el alumnado para evaluar a sus compañeros y compañeras tras las exposiciones de los trabajos grupales. De los 30 alumnos y alumnas matriculados, tan sólo 18 acudían regularmente a las clases y 11 completaron todo el curso. Por tanto, los participantes en el estudio fueron 11 alumnos del grupo 21R, 4 chicos y 7 chicas. El instrumento de recogida de información empleado fue un cuestionario elaborado ad hoc con la herramienta de Google, en el que se les preguntó sobre las ventajas, inconvenientes, razones de la elección de esta herramienta y usos de Kahoot! A partir de la realización de un análisis narrativo (Kvale, 2011), los resultados indican una valoración general positiva, siendo las principales ventajas de la herramienta la motivación, feedback inmediato, facilidad de uso y accesibilidad. En cuanto a los inconvenientes indicados, menor en número que las ventajas, destacan la necesidad de acceso a Internet y la velocidad necesaria de respuesta. Por último, las razones que señalan los participantes para justificar la utilización de esta herramienta son las siguientes: gratuidad, diversión, utilidad y facilidad de manejo.
Desafios de los docentes para educar en derechos humanos y democracia
Authors: Gallardo Fernández Isabel María
Published: March 2023

Este trabajo se inserta en un Proyecto de Investigación más amplio que indaga sobre el Desarrollo Profesional Docente. En este capitulo analizamos el trabajo docente desde una mentalidad investigadora y crítica que fomenta el diálogo entre profesionales y la ciudadanía permitiendo un intercambio y gestión de las relaciones humanas y sociales. Asumimos que los profesionales de la enseñanza tenemos que ir construyendo la escuela del siglo XXI. Una escuela que enseñe a pensar y a descubrir la cultura y la verdad. Una escuela que haga hombres y mujeres pensantes y sensibles a la diversidad y no meros intendentes. La infancia, en primer lugar, y el resto de las etapas de la vida se han de desarrollar envueltas en un clima de convivencia, de autonomía personal y de desarrollo de la personalidad, de tolerancia, de reflexión y dialogo, de conflictos y soluciones. La Educación desde los Derechos Humanos enseña la importancia de conocer, valorar y respetar los derechos de las personas como exigencia de su condición de seres humanos y como pautas de convivencia social inclusiva, justa, pacífica y solidaria. Consideramos que la metodología cualitativa es la más adecuada para mostrar evidencias de los procesos de reflexión de los docentes y también de lo que acontece en las aulas ya que supone un acercamiento naturalista e interpretativo al mundo. Somos conscientes de la complejidad de las situaciones educativas, de su imprevisibilidad, de su constante cambio y reorganización. En cuanto a resultados y conclusiones es un trabajo abierto en proceso de elaboración.
Desarrollo de una hoja de cálculo para clases de climatización
Authors: Sarabia Escriva Emilio José , Soto Francés Víctor Manuel
Published: March 2023

El artículo presenta el desarrollo de una hoja de cálculo con fines didácticos para la estimación de cargas térmicas en climatización. Durante las clases teóricas de las asignaturas de climatización se explican las bases para el cálculo de cargas térmicas de refrigeración y de calefacción en los edificios. Para ilustrar mejor estos conceptos y poder hacer algunos cálculos de forma rápida y sencilla se ha desarrollado una hoja de cálculo que posee todos los datos y los cálculos necesarios de forma visible para el usuario, sin macros ni cálculos interiores. La herramienta contiene una hoja principal donde se detallan los distintos pasos del cálculo de cargas y otra hoja de ayuda para el cálculo de la transmitancia térmica de los cerramientos, así como el cálculo de condensaciones en los mismos. Para ello se dispone de una base de datos de materiales constructivos y sus características, basados en los datos proporcionados por el Ministerio de Industria en las herramientas de certificación energética de edificios. Los ejercicios que se proponen a los alumnos en clase mientras están relacionados con el cálculo de la transmitancia térmica y la comprobación del cumplimiento del código técnico por parte de los cerramientos y en la estimación de cargas térmicas teniendo en cuenta diferentes supuestos.
La formación docente del profesorado universitario principiante en España: una mirada actual
Authors: Moll Noguera Rafael
Published: March 2023

La formación docente de los profesores principiantes en la enseñanza universitaria sigue siendo el flanco más débil del sistema de educación superior. Todavía hoy sigue sin existir una red institucionalizada de formación integral docente para los que se inician en la profesión universitaria. Como consecuencia de ello se siguen produciendo algunos efectos negativos en el conjunto del sistema como la mimetización de metodologías tradicionales y desfasadas, la desatención en términos de incentivos y materiales de la preparación de la docencia en beneficio de las tareas investigadoras, o el incoherente sistema de asignación de docencia. El presente trabajo además de abordar todos estos factores señalados, pretende dar un paso más allá y realizar un análisis actual de la situación desde una perspectiva normativa. Como se sabe, desde hace más de 7 años, existe un programa estatal de formación del profesorado universitario, conocido bajo el acrónimo FPU. La finalidad de este es la financiación de estudiantes de Doctorado para que adquieren formación investigadora (en forma de tesis doctoral) y la adquisición de competencia docentes universitarias. Sin perjuicio de los programas autonómicos y universitarios equivalentes, que tienden a copiar al estatal, si se analiza las respectivas convocatorias desde el 2011 hasta el 2017, así como la Ley de la Ciencia, el Estatuto del Personal Investigador en Formación y la Orden general que enmarca todas las convocatorias, se descubre que solo a partir de 2015 se inicia tímidamente a establecerse un proceso de formación docente.