bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of DSM-5 Section III Personality Disorder Criterion A (Impairment) in accounting for psychopathology
Authors: Sleep Chelsea , Lynam Donald , Widiger Thomas A. , Crowe Michael L , Miller Josh
Published: July 2018

An alternative diagnostic model of personality disorders (AMPD) was introduced in DSM-5 that diagnoses PDs based on the presence of personality impairment (Criterion A) and pathological personality traits (Criterion B). Research examining Criterion A has been limited to date, due to the lack of a specific measure to assess it; this changed, however, with the recent publication of a self-report assessment of personality dysfunction as defined by Criterion A (Levels of Personality Functioning Scale – Self-report; LPFS-SR; Morey, 2017). The aim of the current study was to test several key propositions regarding the role of Criterion A in the AMPD including the underlying factor structure of the LPFS-SR, the discriminant validity of the hypothesized factors, whether Criterion A distinguishes personality psychopathology from Axis I symptoms, the overlap between Criterion A and B, and the incremental predictive utility of Criterion A and B in the statistical prediction of traditional PD symptom counts. Neither a single factor model nor an a priori four-factor model of dysfunction fit the data well. The LPFS-SR dimensions were highly interrelated and manifested little evidence of discriminant validity. In addition, the impairment dimensions manifested robust correlations with measures of both Axis I and II constructs, challenging the notion that personality dysfunction is unique to PDs. Finally, multivariate regression analyses suggested that the traits account for substantially more unique variance in DSM-5 Section II PDs than does personality impairment. These results provide important information as to the functioning of the two main components of the DSM-5 AMPD and raise questions about whether the model may need revision moving forward.Keywords: dysfunction, impairment, personality disorders, Section III, incremental validity Public Significance: The alternative model of personality disorders included in Section III of the 5th addition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) includes two primary components: personality dysfunction and maladaptive traits. The current results raise questions about how a new, DSM-5 aligned measure of personality dysfunction operates with regard its factor structure, discriminant validity, ability to differentiate between personality and non-personality based forms of psychopathology, and incremental validity in the statistical prediction of traditional DSM personality disorders.
Neuroscience & Education: A bridge astray?
Authors: Dougherty Michael R , Robey Alison
Published: July 2018

It is common to encounter the belief that neuroscience holds promise for advancing educational practice – a belief that is predicated on the assumption that neuroscientific findings can be scaled up to inform our understanding of behavior in complex educational settings. In this article, we argue that this belief is not just far fetched, but misdirected. Although we acknowledge the value of neuroscience for understanding brain mechanisms, we argue that it is largely unnecessary for the development of effective learning interventions. We demonstrate how neuroscience findings have failed to generalize to classroom contexts by highlighting the recent popularity and failed results from brain training research. We end by providing two recommendations for how future researchers and policy makers should address neuroscience and its potential for education applications.
Getting a Grip on Sensorimotor Effects in Lexical-Semantic Processing
Authors: Heard Alison , Madan Christopher R , Protzner Andrea B. , Pexman Penny M.
Published: July 2018

One of the strategies that researchers have used to investigate the role of sensorimotor information in lexical-semantic processing is to examine effects of words’ rated body-object interaction (BOI; the ease with which the human body can interact with a word’s referent). Processing tends to be facilitated for words with high BOI compared to words with low BOI, across a wide variety of tasks. Such effects have been referenced in debates over the nature of semantic representations, but their theoretical import has been limited by the fact that BOI is a fairly coarse measure of sensorimotor experience with words’ referents. In the present study we collected ratings for 621 words on seven semantic dimensions (graspability, ease of pantomime, number of actions, animacy, size, danger, and usefulness) in order to investigate which attributes are most strongly related to BOI ratings, and to lexical-semantic processing. BOI ratings were obtained from previous norming studies (Bennett, Burnett, Siakaluk, & Pexman, 2011; Tillotson, Siakaluk, & Pexman, 2008) and measures of lexical-semantic processing were obtained from previous behavioural megastudies involving the semantic categorization task (concrete/abstract decision; Pexman, Heard, Lloyd, & Yap, 2017) and the lexical decision task (Balota et al., 2007). Results showed that the motor dimension of graspability, ease of pantomime, and number of actions were all related to BOI and that these dimensions together explained more variance in semantic processing than did BOI ratings alone. These ratings will be useful for researchers who wish to study how different kinds of bodily interactions influence lexical-semantic processing and cognition.
Mixed evidence for transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation to improve the extinction and retention of fear.
Authors: Burger Andreas Michael , Verkuil Bart , Fenlon Holly , Thijs Lise , Cools Lisse , Miller Holly , Vervliet Bram , Van Diest Ilse
Published: July 2018

We tested whether stimulating the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (transcutaneous VNS; tVNS) accelerates fear extinction and reduces spontaneous recovery of fear.
Exploring the Brain-to-Brain interaction at a distance: a global or differential relationship?
Authors: Giroldini William , Pederzoli Luciano , Bilucaglia Marco , Prati Elena , Tressoldi Patrizio
Published: July 2018

Backgound: The main objective of this exploratory study was a confirmation of the results obtained by Giroldini et al, 2016, relative to the possibility of identifying a long-distance connection between the EEG activities of two totally isolated subjects, one of whom was stimulated with light and sounds. In this new study we have used the method of the steady-state stimulus (visual and auditory) given at the frequencies of 10, 12 and 14 Hz in order to answer the following questions:- What is the relationship between the power of the EEG response in the stimulated partner and that of the other isolated partner?- Is the relationship between the EEG activities of the stimulated and the isolated partner global (i.e., an undifferentiated response), or is it differentiated and thus displays variations depending on the characteristics of the stimulation applied to the stimulated partner?Methods: Five adults chosen for their experience in mind control techniques and their mutual friendships took part in this study. Each participant took turns in being both the stimulated partner and the isolated non-stimulated partner with each of the others, making a total of 20 pair combinations.The stimulated partner received three blocks of 32 visual-auditory stimulations lasting 1 second modulated at 10 Hz, 12 Hz, and 14 Hz respectively, with a constant inter-stimulus interval of 4 seconds.The EEG activity of each pair was recorded at 128 samples/sec over 14 channels and analyzed by measuring traditional steady-state potentials and the Pearson’s linear correlation between all possible signal pairs with an innovative algorithm.Results: From the results of twenty pairs of subjects, we found an overall increase in the correlation among the EEG channels of the isolated partners, therefore confirming the previous research.Furthermore, we did not find any correlation between the correlation strength among the EEG channels of the stimulated partner and that observed in the non-stimulated partner, suggesting that this physical characteristic cannot be transferred between isolated partners; but we did find that the correlation among the EEG channels of the isolated distant partners changed not only globally, but also when the frequencies perceived by the stimulated partners were outside the Alpha band, suggesting that this neurophysiological mental connection at a distance may be differentiated.
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A Dimensional Alternative to Traditional Nosologies
Authors: Kotov Roman , Krueger Robert , Watson David , Achenbach Thomas , Althoff Robert , Bagby Michael , Brown Timothy , Docherty Anna , Miller Josh , Simms Leonard , South Susan Carol , Tackett Jennifer L
Published: July 2018

This paper introduces a new classification of mental illness, the Hierarchical Taxonomy Of Psychopathology (HiTOP). It aims to address several major shortcomings of traditional taxonomies and provide a better framework for researchers and clinicians.
Implementation Intentions Reduce Implicit Stereotype Activation and Application
Authors: Rees Heather , Rivers Andrew M
Published: July 2018

Research has found that implementation intentions, if-then action plans (e.g., “if I see a Black face, I will think safe”; Stewart & Payne, 2008), reduce stereotyping on implicit measures. However, it is unknown by what process(es) implementation intentions reduce implicit stereotyping. The present research examines the effects of implementation intentions on stereotype activation (e.g., extent to which stereotypic information is accessible) and stereotype application (e.g., extent to which accessible stereotypes are applied in judgment). Additionally, we assessed the efficiency of implementation intentions by manipulating cognitive resources (e.g., digit-span, restricted response-window) while participants made judgments on an implicit stereotyping measure. Across four studies, implementation intentions reduced implicit stereotyping. This decrease in stereotyping was associated with reductions in both stereotype activation and application. Additionally, these effects of implementation intentions were highly efficient and associated with reduced stereotyping even for groups for which people may have little practice inhibiting stereotypes (e.g., gender).
Assessing the Evidence for the Effect of “Hostile Priming” on Impression Formation Tasks
Authors: McCarthy Randy J.
Published: July 2018

Priming participants with hostility is believed to affect their subsequentjudgments that others are hostile: A so-called hostile priming effect(e.g., Srull & Wyer, 1979). Although hostile priming effects have beenresearched for decades by several different individuals, to-date, noresearch has quantitatively assessed the published evidence for hostilepriming effects. This lack of assessment seems especially critical giventhat several publications have recently been retracted from the literature(i.e., Otten & Stapel, 2007; Stapel & Koomen, 1997; Stapel, Koomen, & vander Pligt, 1997). The current study used *p*-curve analyses to assess theevidentiary value in publications studying hostile priming effects. Theevidentiary value for hostile priming effects was found across differentmethodological choices and was found to not be dependent on a fewindividual studies. From these analyses I conclude that the evidence forhostile priming effects on subsequent impressions of hostility is robust.
“I Know Things They Don’t Know!” The Role of Need for Uniqueness in Belief in Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Lantian Anthony , Muller Dominique , Nurra Cécile , Douglas Karen
Published: July 2018

In the current research, we investigated whether belief in conspiracy theories satisfies people’s need for uniqueness. We found that the tendency to believe in conspiracy theories was associated with the feeling of possessing scarce information about the situations explained by the conspiracy theories (Study 1) and higher need for uniqueness (Study 2). A further two studies using two different manipulations of need for uniqueness (Studies 3 and 4), showed that people in a high need for uniqueness condition displayed higher conspiracy belief than people in a low need for uniqueness condition. This conclusion is strengthened by a small-scale meta-analysis. These studies suggest that conspiracy theories may serve people’s desire to be unique, highlighting a motivational underpinning of conspiracy belief.
Clinical Translation of Memory Reconsolidation Research: Therapeutic Methodology for Transformational Change by Erasing Implicit Emotional Learnings Driving Symptom Production
Authors: Ecker Bruce
Published: July 2018

After 20 years of laboratory study of memory reconsolidation, the translation of research findings into clinical application has recently been the topic of a rapidly growing number of review articles. The present article identifies previously unrecognized possibilities for effective clinical translation by examining research findings from the experience-oriented viewpoint of the clinician. It is well established that destabilization of a target learning and its erasure (robust functional disappearance) by behavioral updating are experience-driven processes. By interpreting the research in terms of internal experiences required by the brain, rather than in terms of external laboratory procedures, a clinical methodology of updating and erasure unambiguously emerges, with promising properties: It is applicable for any symptom generated by emotional learning and memory, it is readily adapted to the unique target material of each therapy client, and it has extensive corroboration in existing clinical literature, including cessation of a wide range of symptoms and verification of erasure using the same markers relied upon by laboratory researchers. Two case vignettes illustrate clinical implementation and show erasure of lifelong, complex, intense emotional learnings and full, lasting cessation of major long-term symptoms. The experience-oriented framework also provides a new interpretation of the laboratory erasure procedure known as post-retrieval extinction, indicating limited clinical applicability and explaining for the first time why, even with reversal of the protocol (post-extinction retrieval), reconsolidation and erasure still occur. Also discussed are significant ramifications for the clinical field’s “corrective experiences” paradigm, for psychotherapy integration, and for establishing that specific factors can produce extreme therapeutic effectiveness.
Thinking Outside the Master's House: New Knowledge Movements and the Emergence of Academic Disciplines
Authors: Arthur Mikaila Mariel Lemonik
Published: July 2018

This paper proposes a theoretical framework for understanding emergent disciplines as knowledge-focused social movement phenomena called New Knowledge Movements, or NKMs. The proposed theoretical framework is developed through a synthesis of new social movement theory and Frickel and Gross’s Scientific/Intellectual Movements (SIMs) model. In contrast to the SIMs model, this paper argues that many new disciplines emerge through contentious collective action on the part of political and intellectual outsiders rather than through the action of intellectual elites. The framework is demonstrated and tested through a narrative exploration based on secondary sources and scholar-activist tests of the emergence of two disciplines, women’s studies and Asian American studies, in the United States. Suggestions for future applications are provided.-- This email may be subject to disclosure under R.I. Gen. Laws § 38-2-2. Confidentiality cannot be assured.Mikaila Mariel Lemonik ArthurChair, Department of Sociology, Rhode Island CollegeCraig-Lee Hall Room 451marthur@ric.edu Phone: (401) 433-9633 Fax: (401) 456-8665http://www.mmlarthur.com
Urban informatics, governmentality and the logics of urban control
Authors: Kitchin Rob , Coletta Claudio , McArdle Gavin
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we examine the governmentality and the logics of urban control enacted through smart city technologies. Several commentators have noted that the implementation of algorithmic forms of urban governance that utilize big data greatly intensifies the extent and frequency of monitoring populations and systems and shifts the governmental logic from surveillance and discipline to capture and control. In other words, urban governmentality is shifting from subjectification – molding subjects and restricting action – to modulating affects, desires and opinions, and inducing action within prescribed comportments. We examine this contention through an examination of two forms of urban informatics: city dashboards and urban control rooms and their use in urban governance. In particular, we draw on empirical analysis of the governmental logics of the Dublin Dashboard, a public, analytical dashboard that displays a wide variety of urban data, and the Dublin Traffic Management and Incident Centre (TMIC) and its use of SCATS (Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System) to control the flow of traffic in the city. We argue that there is no one governmentality being enacted by smart city technologies, rather they have mutable logics which are abstract, mobile, dynamic, entangled and contingent, being translated and operationalized in diverse, context-dependent ways. As such, just as disciplinary power never fully supplanted sovereign power, control supplements rather than replaces discipline.
The Evolution and Consequences of Peer Producing Wikipedia’s Rules
Authors: Keegan Brian , Fiesler Casey
Published: July 2018

Wikipedia’s policies, guidelines, and other rules can be revised edited by anyone at any time, creating a rule environment that has changed substantially over its 15-year history. Wikipedia provides a remarkable benchmark for understanding the potential and pitfalls of self-governance in a knowledge commons and empirically informing theories of networked governance and institutional analysis. Using a corpus of 725,000 revisions made to 2,012 pages about rules and rule discussions since 2001, we explore the dynamics of English Wikipedia’s rule-making and maintenance over time. Our analysis reveals a policy environment marked by on-going rule-making and deliberation across multiple regulatory levels more than a decade after its creation. This dynamism is however balanced by strong biases in the attention and length towards older rules coupled with a diminishing flexibility to change these rules, declining revision activity over time, and a strong shift toward deliberation.
State Action Problems
Authors: Turner Christian
Published: July 2018

A paper proposing a two-step, institutionally focused state action theory that is a natural consequence of a broader public/private theory of legal systems
Intellectual Pan-Islamism and the New Islamic Civilization: The Reformist Vision of an Islamic Publisher in Beirut
Authors: Smolenski Natalie
Published: July 2018

The recently-deceased Shaykh Muhammad Hussain Fadlallah was one of the mostinfluential advocates of what anthropologist Lara Deeb has called“authenticated Islam,” an approach to textual interpretation which stressesthe individual pursuit of religious knowledge and the conscious assent toreligious injunctions. This approach has dovetailed historically with anincreased interest in and concern with the intellectual legacies of Islamon the part of ordinary Muslims, most of whom are living through thepostcolonial predicament of establishing the foundations of local politicalorder on the basis of structures of governance whose genealogy extends tothe European Enlightenment as well as to colonial legal regimes, localpractices, and even older imperial histories. Accordingly, the question ofwhat “Islamic civilization” has been or could be has gained politicalurgency for many Muslim intellectuals since the formal independence ofMuslim-majority nation-states. The Center of Civilization for theDevelopment of Islamic Thought is a Beirut-based Shi’a Islamist publishinghouse which has entered into this debate by putting forth a new view ofIslamic Civilization as a global, pan-Islamic endeavor by Muslimintellectuals to facilitate interconfessional intellectual exchange. Led bya reformist Lebanese cleric of Iranian heritage, Shaykh Yahya Mirzaei, theCenter’s employees hope their publishing will spur such intellectualcooperation, leading to research-based Islamic political theory thatneither rejects nor idealizes Western models.
Muelfried F., Sokolovskiy S. Introduction: Soviet Anthropology at the Empire's Edge // Exploring the Edge of Empire. Berlin: LIT Verlag, 2011. P.1-18
Authors: SOKOLOVSKIY Sergei V. , Muelfried Florian
Published: July 2018

In March 2009, the Chicago-based sociologist and fervent advocate of world systems theory Giorgi Derluguian gave a talk at the Georgian State University on 'How not to Stay Provincial'. Although Derluguian referred to the 'state of advanced social science' in general, we consider it no pure coincidence that he chose this title in a place like Tbilisi and in a country like Georgia. It is hard to disagree that, whatever we do as social scientists, we should not be provincial but rather cosmopolitan, addressing the important, timely issues and conversing with dominant theoretical discourses in our works. This seems to be all the more true in the field of regional sciences, which, according to some, are in decline or even in crisis, not least because of their inherent demand for specialization. So here we have the claim that if we want to know something about a region like the Caucasus or Central Asia, we should be guided by the dominant concerns of contemporary social science. This claim is put forward not only by social scientists like Derlugiuan but also by local students. At Tbilisi State University, for example, social anthropology students are eager to become acquainted with the main paradigms of social and cultural anthropology , and many of these students advocate their potential as explanatory tools for their own societies. They are thirsty for theory and hungry for methodology. This appetite for theory and method is often accompanied by a striking disinterest in, and occasionally even distaste for, knowledge generated locally and more than twenty years ago. In the case of Western scholars studying the Caucasus and Central Asia, this disinterest seems to be based on the following assumptions: reading texts by locals is time-consuming, demands a great deal of language proficiency, and the content of these works is oftentimes completely out of fashion. In the case of local students and some younger scholars, Soviet academic traditions are often dismissed in toto. Soviet anthropology in particular is often regarded as being of no value.
The Ongoing Confusion Over Ongoing Royalties
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

What are patentees entitled to if they don't get an injunction? Courts havetended to award reasonable royalties, but there is considerable – andunnecessary confusion about who awards those royalties and how they arecalculated. In this paper, I endeavor to answer those questions.
Increases in Sex with Same-Sex Partners and Bisexual Identity Across Cohorts of Women (but Not Men)
Authors: England Paula , Mishel Emma , Caudillo Monica L.
Published: July 2018

*Abstract:**We use data from the 2002-2013 National Surveys of Family Growth toexamine change across U.S. cohorts born between 1966 and 1995 in whetherindividuals have had sex with same-sex partners only, or with both men andwomen, and in whether they have a bisexual or gay identity. Adjusted forage, race/ethnicity, immigrant status, and mother’s education, we findincreases across cohorts in the proportion of women who report a bisexualidentity, who report ever having had sex with both sexes, or who reporthaving had sex with women only. By contrast, we find no cohort trend formen; roughly 5% of men in every cohort have ever had sex with a man, andthe proportion claiming a gay or bisexual attraction changed little. Inconcluding, we speculate that the gender difference is rooted in a broaderpattern of asymmetry in gender change in which departures from traditionalgender norms are more acceptable for women than men.*
Dequantifying diversity: affirmative action and admissions at the University of Michigan
Authors: Hirschman Daniel , Berrey Ellen , Greenland Fiona Rose
Published: July 2018

Preprint, final version in Theory and Society available at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11186-016-9270-2
Institutionalized Ambiguity in Legal Status: Managing Citizenship in the U.S. Imperial Rule of the Philippines
Authors: Quisumbing King Katrina
Published: July 2018

A perennial question in the scholarship of the state asks how states rule and expand their capacity to do so. Scholars have paid special attention to activities that rationalize and build administrative capacity, known as legibility projects. Alongside these projects, state actors also rule through ambiguous and unclear techniques that have been given less scholarly attention. I introduce the concept of institutionalized ambiguity in legal status to extend the study of state rule. I ask what generates ambiguity, what purposes it serves in law and policy, and what consequences it has for the management of populations. I propose an analytic approach that draws attention to equivocation in law as enabling classificatory debates and discretion in the political realm. To illustrate the purchase of institutionalized ambiguity in legal status, I analyze how, during the years of formal imperial rule (1898-1946), U.S. state actors debated the racial fitness and membership of Filipinos in the imagined U.S. nation. I consider the broader implications of this analysis for scholars of modern state formation and suggest that foundational conflicts over national identity can be institutionalized in law, in turn facilitating a range of contradictory, but co-existing, legally defensible policies.
Review of "The Power of Economists Within the State"
Authors: Hirschman Daniel
Published: July 2018

A review of Johan Christensen's "The Power of Economists Within the State."
Radical First Contact: Bridging Astrobiology and SETI
Authors: Oman-Reagan Michael P.
Published: July 2018

Abstract for SOCIA 2018: Accepted October 2017The astrobiological search for life in the universe is rarely discussed in terms of communicative first contact, a concept often reserved for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). What are the implications for astrobiology of inheriting historical conclusions that there is no value in attempting communication with seemingly non-intelligent life on Earth? By imagining a radical first contact protocol, to bridge work in astrobiology and SETI, this paper challenges the assumption that certain forms of life elsewhere (those we might categorize as like microbial, plant, insect, computer, geologic, or other non-human forms and systems) can be eliminated in advance from attempts at communicative or cultural first contact. A radical first contact protocol asks that we push the limits of both our astrobiological and anthropological imaginations beyond the traditional scope of anthropological subjects and functional SETI-focused definitions of intelligence. By drawing on anthropological theory, ontological anthropology, multispecies ethnography, decolonizing methodologies, speculative fiction, as well as from fieldwork with astrobiologists and SETI scientists (Wright and Oman-Reagan 2017), this paper proposes how and why a radical first contact protocol might approach any potential life, broadly defined, as though it is also a potential intelligence, culture, or agent inviting communicative contact and moral consideration. By drawing on expansions of contemporary anthropology along with other theory and practice this project also aims to help scientists “step out of our brains” (Cabrol 2016) to build methods and insights which successfully bridge key aspects of first contact and the search for life in astrobiology and SETI.Keywords: first contact, ontology, multispecies ethnography, decolonizing, astrobiology, SETI, anthropology
Working Class Fragmentation, Party Politics, and the Complexities of Solidarity in South Africa’s United Front
Authors: Paret Marcel
Published: July 2018

Recent scholarship laments the growing fragmentation of the working class due to flexible labour regimes and unemployment. This paper examines an emerging effort in South Africa to counter this fragmentation: the United Front project, initiated and led by the National Union of Metalworkers South Africa (NUMSA). Drawing on 74 interviews conducted at two different NUMSA-led protests in Johannesburg, the analysis unpacks two sets of tensions. One set of tensions revolves around class politics, which pertain to the divide between unionized workers in relatively stable employment, and impoverished communities ravaged by unemployment. The other set of tensions revolves around party politics, including divisions with respect to the United Front's opposition to the ruling party, the African National Congress (ANC). Each dimension reveals both crucial sources of solidarity and potential obstacles, showing that forging a broad working-class unity in the current period is complex, but not impossible.
RURAL-URBAN RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. CASE STUDY: CUEJDIU VALLEY BASIN, NEAMT COUNTY
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: July 2018

Rural and urban development in sustainable context is a complex processthat requires an improvement of the existing situation and a removing ofthe dysfunctions. Over time, the rural area was not addressed as much asurban area, rural analysis is often fragmentary explained and incompleteargued. The system of values owned by rural area is overshadowed by aneconomic, social and cultural subordination to the city. The connectionthat is established is asupport for the systems analysis of settlements and is the consequence ofthe functional differentiation between cities and villages, evidenced bythe natural, social and economic aspects representative for each system.Our researchhighlights the relationship, to the social, economic and cultural level,between the municipality of Piatra Neamţ and Gârcina commune, situated inproximity. The dependence of rural areas to the city is evident due to thevery smalldistance between them, the existing phenomena causing significant changesin both sides. The population is an important indicator of sustainabledevelopment, the demographic relationship between urban and rural areaconsistingintake of labor resources and sources of supply organic food. Thedemographic, economic, administrative, educational, cultural and sanitaryrelations will be highlighted based on statistical data, through graphs andmaps, their interpretation referring in the same time to the situation ofcounty level. The partnership established between rural and urban areaslead to the development of urban system and a rural preservation, so newconcepts of sustainable development is essential in the exploitation oflocal resources.
Submarine Statutes
Authors: Turner Christian
Published: July 2018

I define as “submarine statutes” a category of statutes that affect the meaning of later-passed statutes. A submarine statute calls for courts to apply future statutes differently than they would have otherwise. An example is the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, which requires, in some circumstances, exemptions for religious exercise from otherwise compulsory statutory requirements. A new statute can only be understood if its interaction with RFRA is also understood. While scholars have debated the constitutionality of some statutes like these, mainly analyzing the legitimacy of their entrenching quality, I argue that submarine statutes carry an overlooked cost. Namely, they add complexity to the legal background of which a legislator must be aware if he or she is sensibly to express an intention in a new piece of legislation. The thicker the legislative waters are with submarines, the more legislatures are called to make common-law-like surveys of the legal landscape in order to understand the legislation they draft. I discuss several options for controlling the cognitive cost submarines impose on future legislation, including quasi-constitutionalization, super-statutization, and segregation.
Gender and Homosexuality Attitudes across Religious Groups from the 1970s to 2014: Similarity, Distinction, and Adaptation
Authors: Schnabel Landon
Published: July 2018

This study uses General Social Survey data to compare gender and homosexuality across American religious groups from the 1970s to 2014, examining three possible patterns for how evangelical attitudes relate to those of other groups: (1) they are similar; (2) they are different, but move together over time; (3) they are different and converge or diverge over time. Evangelical gender attitudes regarding work and family issues are more conservative than those of all other groups, but are adaptive to broad trends, changing at a rate similar to those of other groups. Evangelical attitudes toward the morality of homosexuality and same-sex marriage are more conservative than those of all other religious groups, and their rate of change is slower over time. Separate trends on the two issues suggest that gender and sexuality attitude change is decoupled, especially among evangelicals who are adapting more on gender while increasingly distinguishing themselves on same-sex relationships. A three-stage process of religious tension appears to characterize evangelical identity-building: (1) similarity, (2) distinction, and (3) adaptation.
Institutional logics
Authors: Haveman Heather A. , Gualtieri Gillian
Published: July 2018

*Abstract: *We survey research on institutional logics, which are systems of cultural elements (values, beliefs, and normative expectations) by which people, groups, and organizations make sense of and evaluate their everyday activities, and organize those activities in time and space. Although there were scattered mentions of this concept before 1990, this literature really began with the 1991 publication of a theory piece by Roger Friedland and Robert Alford. Over the past twenty years, it has become a large and diverse area of organizational research. Several books and thousands of papers and book chapters have been published on this topic, addressing institutional logics in sites as different as climate change proceedings of the United Nations, local banks in the United States, and business groups in Taiwan. Next, we review this literature, beginning with a detailed explanation of the concept and the theory surrounding it. To show how this literature developed over time within the broader framework of theory and empirical work in sociology, political science, and anthropology, we evaluate several intellectual precursors to institutional logics. We then sample papers published in ten major sociology and management journals in the United States and Europe between 1990 and 2015, and analyze this sample of papers to identify trends in theoretical development and empirical findings. After we detail these trends, we conclude by suggesting three gentle corrections and potentially useful extensions to this literature to guide future research: (1) limiting the definition of institutional logic to cultural-cognitive phenomena, rather than including material phenomena; (2) recognizing both “cold” (purely rational) cognition and “hot” (emotion-laden) cognition; and (3) developing and testing a theory (or multiple related theories), meaning a logically interconnected set of propositions concerning a delimited set of social phenomena, derived from assumptions about essential facts (axioms), that details causal mechanisms and yields empirically testable (falsifiable) hypotheses, by being more consistent about how we use concepts in theoretical statements; assessing the reliability and validity of our empirical measures; and conducting meta-analyses of the many inductive studies that have been published, to develop deductive theories.
Do Cities and Counties Attempt to Circumvent Changes in their Autonomy by Creating Special Districts?
Authors: Goodman Christopher B , Leland Suzanne M.
Published: July 2018

This study uses forty years of data from the US Census of Governments to examine the impact of changes in local autonomy on the creation of the fastest growing form of local governments, special districts. Using fixed effects regression specified at the urban county and metropolitan statistical area level, we find that restrictions of fiscal autonomy of cities is associated with creation of new special districts. When the limits on fiscal autonomy interacts with grants of functional autonomy, amplification occurs. We find no analogous effects for county governments. These two findings are consistent with the circumvention argument made in the local autonomy literature.
Takedown and Today’s Academic Digital Library
Authors: Urban Jennifer
Published: July 2018

*Abstract: *Fueled by recent public and private efforts to improve access to scholarly works, academic libraries and archives are increasingly digitizing their special collections and creating online repositories for scholarly works. This enhanced online presence has increased libraries’ exposure to takedown requests from rightsholders and other concerned parties. Using survey questions and interviews, we examined academic libraries’ interaction with both Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”) and non-DMCA takedown notices. We found that academic libraries most commonly receive non-DMCA takedown requests that are based on non-copyright issues (such as privacy) or that target materials the library itself has placed online. In general, libraries have well-developed norms and practices in place to manage these types of requests to remove material. We also found, however, that formal DMCA notices directed to libraries have historically been rare, but that this may be changing as open access repositories hosted by libraries grow. In tracing the recent experience of academic libraries that have received DMCA takedown notices targeting material in their open access repositories, we found that libraries have not yet developed norms and practices for addressing these requests. We discuss why this might be, and suggest steps libraries, publishers, and authors can take to best manage copyright conflicts while supporting libraries’ missions to preserve and provide access to knowledge.Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2694731
Innovation assessment: governing through periods of disruptive technological change
Authors: Hasselbalch Jacob Adam
Published: July 2018

Current regulatory approaches are ill-equipped to address the challenges of governing through periods of disruptive technological change. This article hones in on the use of assessment regimes at the level of the European Union, particularly in the work of the Commission, to argue for a missing middle between technology assessment and impact assessment. Technology assessment focuses on the upstream governance of science and technology, while impact assessment focuses on the downstream governance of the impacts of specific policy options. What is missing is a form of midstream governance, which I label innovation assessment, to steer polities through periods of disruptive technological change, during which innovations have taken concrete forms and are beginning to diffuse, but still exhibit much scope for rapid, unexpected change and alternative trajectories of development. By juxtaposing these three forms of assessment regimes, I define the main dimensions along which they vary.
Structural Property Losses from Tornadoes in Florida
Authors: Elsner James B. , Ryan Emily , Strode Georgianna
Published: July 2018

Property losses from tornadoes in Florida are estimated by combining a one-km spatial grid of structural values from the Department of Revenue's 2014 cadastral database with historical tornado events since 1950. There are 91,180 cells in the state with at least some structural value. Total and residential structural values total \$942 Billion and \$619 Billion, respectively. Over the period 1950 through 2015 there were 3,233 individual tornado reports in the state with a peak frequency during July. Property value exposed to tornadoes is estimated using a geometric model for the path. Annual statewide total and residential structural property exposure to tornadoes is estimated at \$171 Million and \$103 Million, respectively. Property exposure to tornadoes peaks in February although the number of tornadoes peaks in September. A regression model quantifies the relationship between actual losses since 2007 and exposures. A doubling of the residential exposure increases actual recorded losses by 26\% since 2007 and a doubling of non-residential exposure increases losses by 21\% controlling for changes over time. Randomization of the historical tornado paths provides alternative exposure scenarios that are used to determine the probability of extreme loss years. Results from the Monte Carlo algorithm indicate a 1\% chance that the annual loss will exceed \$430 Million and a .1\% chance that it will exceed \$1 Billion. These findings, and the procedure to obtain them, should help property insurance and reinsurance companies gauge their risk of losses and prioritize their management actions.
Journal of the History of Economic Thought Preprints - "Keynes, Mill and Say's Law: A Comment on Professor Ahiakpor's Mistaken Defence of Mill"
Authors: Grieve Roy H
Published: July 2018

This note is a reply to James Ahiakpor's critical blast against my 2016 paper on the subject of Keynes, Mill and Say's Law. Professor Ahiakpor has apparently missed the point I was trying to make: his slings and arrows hit no targets.
Get Up, Stand Up: The Role of Music as a Driver for Political Change in Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Genovese Taylor R.
Published: July 2018

This paper will explore the correlation between music and political change with a focus on South Africa. It will examine the resistance against apartheid through the lens of musical contributions without falling victim to oversimplifying the situation by describing it as a music revolution. By examining music as a form of uniting a people in opposition against, and the eventual dismantling of, the apartheid regime, one can begin to understand the power music can hold within a political context.
A Modest Proposal for Expediting Manuscript Selection at Less Prestigious Law Reviews
Authors: Miller Joseph Scott
Published: July 2018

The matching market in unsolicited manuscripts, submitted to general law reviews, suffers from far too much wasted student effort. This is especially so among the less prestigious law review staffs, which scramble to read submissions they cannot land in the misguided belief they owe authors serious scholarly engagement with the drafts they submit. If they set aside this quaintly artisanal view—an apparent relic of the “Paper Chase” era that ill suits the age of ExpressO and Scholastica—students can process manuscripts far more efficiently. They need only update their manuscript-review systems according to the same market imperatives that drive the professors who submit the manuscripts, thus putting their respective interests on the same self-directed footing. For less prestigious journals, key moves include short-fuse automated offers and targeted categorical rejections of requests for expedited review.
Uncovering Patterns Among Latent Variables: Human,Rights and De Facto Judicial Independence
Authors: Crabtree Charles
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we reexamine the relationship between judicial independence and staterespect for human rights by taking advantage of new latent measures of both constructs.In our analysis, we demonstrate a simple method for incorporating the uncertaintyof these latent variables. Results provide strong support for theoretical andempirical claims that independent courts are associated with human rights. Thoughwe show that independent courts influence state behavior, the strength of the estimatedrelationship depends upon whether and to what degree empirical models account foruncertainty in the measurement of the latent variables.
Venter, J. Craig (1946–)
Authors: Calyx Cobi
Published: July 2018

J. Craig Venter is an entrepreneurial scientist who has made international headlines for his work sequencing the human genome, discovering new microorganisms and genes in the ocean, and, more recently, engineering synthetic life. Patents on his discoveries caused international concern and speculation about intellectual property rights relating to DNA.
Kant and real numbers
Authors: van Atten Mark
Published: July 2018

Kant held that under the concept of √2 falls a geometrical magnitude, but not a number. In particular, he explicitly distinguished this root from potentially infinite converging sequences of rationals. Like Kant, Brouwer based his foundations of mathematics on the a priori intuition of time, but unlike Kant, Brouwer did identify this root with a potentially infinite sequence. In this paper I discuss the systematical reasons why in Kant's philosophy this identification is impossible.
Quantifying the Linguistic Landscape: A Study of Spanish-English Variation in Pilsen, Chicago
Authors: Lyons Kate , Rodriguez Itxaso
Published: July 2018

Study of speech and written texts has provided significant insight regarding linguistic variation and its social correlates. Variation in the representation or display of language, however, remains a relatively understudied phenomenon. With this in mind, we present a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the variation observed in the Linguistic Landscape (LL) of Pilsen, Chicago. A community undergoing perceived processes of gentrification, Pilsen is an active site of economic, sociocultural change as well as newly intensified language contact. To investigate Pilsen’s displayed language variation, we implement a series of logistic regression models that analyze the distribution of both language and contextual framing observed on signs in four key areas in Pilsen. In doing so, we present an informed means with which to understand the sociolinguistic context of Pilsen as a community undergoing change and provide a replicable framework for future study of LLs that experience similar dynamics.
The European Roots of Postwar U.S. Development Economics
Authors: Gilman Nils
Published: July 2018

The postwar field of development economics was heavily informed by interwar debates among economists about welfare and the deveiopment of the European periphery.Note that this paper was composed in 1997, and has never been submitted for publication.
Three Models of Ethnographic Transparency: Naming Places, Naming People, and Sharing Data
Authors: Reyes;Reyes Victoria
Published: July 2018

Ethnographic research consists of multiple methodological approaches, including short- and/or long-term participant observation, interviews, photographs, videos, and group field work, to name a few. Yet, it is commonly practiced as a solitary endeavor and primary data is not often subject to scholarly scrutiny. In this paper, I suggest a model in which to understand the different ways in which ethnographies can be transparent—naming places, naming people, and sharing data—and the varied decisions ethnographers have made with regard to them: whether to name a region, city or specific neighborhood, name primary participants or public officials, and to share interview guides, transcripts, or different kinds of field notes. In doing so, this paper highlights how decisions regarding transparency are part of an ethnographer’s methodological toolkit, and should be made on a case-by-case basis depending on the who, what, where, when and why of our research.