bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A model for forming the degree of influence of the counterparty when making managerial decisions in mechanical engineering
Authors: Barkalov S A , Kurochka P N , Kalinina N Yu , Polovinkina A I
Published: May 2020

We consider an arbitrary set of counterparties, united either in a social network or in the field of joint activities, for example, top management of an engineering company. It is required to build a rating for each participant based on the results of mutual evaluation of the participants of the association in question, when the significance of the counterparty’s assessment will depend on how it was evaluated by other participants in the association. To solve this problem, the interaction between counterparties was modeled in the form of a graph. For each vertex, its potential was determined, and for each edge of the graph, the flow along it. Based on these data, ratings were obtained from participants in the scientific and technical council of a machine-building enterprise. It is shown that using a similar algorithm, it is possible to obtain estimates of the significance of agents in social networks when conducting marketing research.
Distribution method of different types of vehicles on the objects of internal works of the machine building enterprise
Authors: Selivanov A V , Belyakova E V , Ryzhaya A A
Published: May 2020

The process of distribution of vehicles of the machine-building enterprise for purpose of delivering goods from warehouses located on its production site is studied. A combined method of distribution of enterprise transport was proposed taking into account the joint transport work of different types of vehicles, which planned for shift delivery of goods declared by main and auxiliary divisions and the variability coordinates of cargo unloading points. The recommended method allows adjusting the joint operation of various types of vehicles, in order to choose a rational option for their operation in the current shift. It is preferable to choose a final option that reduces operating costs and provides traffic control in shifts.
Methods for synthesizing adaptive control with reference models using adaptive observers
Authors: Botirov T V , Latipov Sh B , Buranov B M , Barakayev A M
Published: May 2020

The article presents simple algorithms for adaptive control of an object with unknown parameters, based on the use of an adaptive observer as a control device. The observer does not identify the object, but immediately adjusts it so that the outputs of the object correspond to the reference model.
Radio-optical line for SCADA systems with relay
Authors: Krasnov R P , Ostankov A V , Malyshev I I , Maximov D A , Kondusov V A
Published: May 2020

Hybrid optical-radio communication systems provide high-speed access within the “last mile” and can act as highly reliable broadband channels of SCADA software and hardware systems. They use optical channels as the main communication lines, and radio channels as backup, since the transmission quality of atmospheric optical channels is largely determined by weather conditions. To reduce the effect of atmospheric turbulence, it is proposed to use the option of spatial diversity with line-of-sight channels and containing a repeater. When the signal-to-noise ratio decreases in the optical channel below the selected threshold, switching to the radio link is to be performed. The paper provides the results of modeling the operation of a hybrid radio-optical line in SCADA systems, in which a new switching system for optical and radio-frequency channels using a repeater is proposed. The dependences of the outage probability of the optical channel and the system as a whole are obtained.
On implementation of an approximating k-ary GCD algorithm
Authors: Amer Ismail F. , Najajra Mohammed H.
Published: May 2020

In our paper, we investigate some implementations of an approximating k-ary GCD algorithm (AKA) for calculating the greatest common divisor of natural numbers for given A and B. This task has a great importance in the development of parameters for cryptographic encryption methods.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 9 Jun 2020 to correct the author names.
Mathematical and algorithmic support for the early detection process automation of potentially dangerous content in Internet resources
Authors: Schwarzkopf E A , Choporov O N , Razinkin K A , Yurasov V G , Mazalov Alexander N
Published: May 2020

A mathematical formalization of procedures for the process of potentially dangerous content early detection by the degree of user responsiveness to the content is proposed. In this regard, a methodology for determining the list of resources scanned during monitoring and ranking them according to the degree of user involvement is recommended. The corresponding average daily metrics of commentability, approval and replication in terms of the content unit of the resource under study are proposed. Registration of potentially dangerous content is planned to be carried out in comparison with regular indicators of dynamics popularity acceleration for analyzed content unit. The proposed software can be successfully used in monitoring the Internet space in the context of struggling with destructive content.
Software implementation of the conjugate gradient method for shared and distributed memory multiprocessor systems
Authors: Rein T S , Karabtsev S N
Published: May 2020

The article examines different approaches to parallelizing the conjugate gradient algorithms for shared and distributed memory multiprocessor systems. We use the standards of MPI and OpenMP libraries of the C programming language for parallel programming. Testing the algorithms was carried out on the HP BLc3000 supercomputer, which contains 392 Intel cores and the InfiniBand network. The article presents the test results – acceleration and efficiency of parallel implementation for each type of multiprocessor systems depending on the dimension of a system of linear equations and the number of parallel processes. We present short descriptions of parallelization methods and excerpts of the code.
Some approaches for determining isomorphism of semigroups of small order
Authors: Korabelshchikova S Yu , Melnikov B F , Melnikova E A , Zyablitseva L V
Published: May 2020

For a given set of graphs or graph generation algorithm, it is possible to determine a set of invariants whose computational complexity will be low, and this set will work effectively in solving the problem of determining the non-isomorphism of graphs on this set of graphs. We described and investigated in detail two invariants of semigroups, reducing them to invariants of graphs, and then compared the effectiveness of these invariants for algorithmizing the problem of determining the non-isomorphism of semigroups. The comparison results are given in the article.
Wavelet transform for the identification of P300
Authors: Bulanov V A , Zakharov A V , Khivintseva E V
Published: May 2020

The reliability of a newly developed algorithm for the identification of the P300 component of event-related potentials based on a continuous wavelet transform was investigated. The electroencephalogram records of one participant made by using a three-stimulus paradigm (a kind of the odd-ball paradigm) were analyzed. The accuracy of identification of certain wavelet types for the detection of P300 was from 76.32 to 86.84%. Thus, relatively simple algorithms for processing and classifying the electroencephalogram record signal show acceptable results in terms of the accuracy of identification of the P300 component of event-related potentials based on randomly selected data.
A study of the correctness of the execution of a class file with an embedded digital watermark in different environments
Authors: Sharikov P I , Krasov A V , Volkogonov V N
Published: May 2020

In this work, the authors set a goal of carrying out a complex study. Preparation of different types of environments and operating systems of different bit version is made. After that, preparation, creation, and embedding of a digital watermark in a class file of the program module written in Java take place. Creation and embedding of a digital watermark are carried out according to the method, previously developed by the authors and associated with the use of undocumented features of Java virtual machine. After all the steps, we execute the file on various platforms with different presets, and then we check if a digital watermark in a class file is nor overwritten nor destroyed and if the class file itself functions in the same way on all platforms. Among other things, the checks are performed to ensure that the digital watermark meets the previously defined criteria.
On an algorithm for generating inhomogeneous porous media
Authors: Egorov A A , Gavrilenko T V , Grigorenko V V , Shaitorova I A , Nazina N B
Published: May 2020

In the article, the results of the development of an algorithm for creating inhomogeneous three-dimensional porous media based on stochastic fractals are presented. The issues of estimating the parameters of porosity of the media are considered. It has been shown that the fractal dimension of porous media is preserved for any slice scales and the size of the fractal grid used to build porous media, as well as the fractal dimension of matrices and porous media depends on the binary filtration parameter that forms the given porosity by changing the ratio of matrices, open and closed pores, to the total sample volume.
Geo-integration bases of services generation for the Multipurpose aerospace system for forecasting monitoring of disasters
Authors: Alekseev O A , Perminov A N , Serebriakov V B , Razumova N V , Linkov A D
Published: May 2020

The article describes the principles for development of information services for disaster monitoring and forecasting within the Multipurpose Aerospace System for Forecasting Monitoring (MAKSM) of Natural and Man-Caused Disasters in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States in the context of the MAKSM main target tasks at the initial stage of its development and with reference to the status and functions of information services in the system. It defines the target tasks addressed by the services to implement the main information conversion of estimates of disaster precursor parameters into parameters of disaster forecasts. The article explains the geo-integration functional for communication of the services with monitoring data sources and the functional for thematic processing, data storage and presentation of forecast results to consumers. The authors describe implementation patterns of the geo-information functional of the services at the current stage of remote monitoring system development.
Improving the reliability of the results of automated forecasting of emissions in geotechnical systems based on the bifurcation approach
Authors: Dorofeev N V , Romanov R V , Grecheneva A V , Pankina E S
Published: May 2020

To improve the reliability of the results of automated forecasting of anthropogenic emissions into the geological environment, an adaptive algorithm for spatial and temporal information processing of geotechnical monitoring data is developed in this article. The algorithm allows us to assess the trend in the stability of the geotechnical system during the bifurcation. For early detection of negative changes and identification of mechanisms for assessing the transformation of the geotechnical system during the bifurcation period, the parameters of the data collection and processing are changed in the algorithm. These parameters change depending on the selected key zones of components of the geotechnical system, where tehnogenic emissions occur, and when the values of controlled parameters of the technical condition of construction objects exceed the limits.
Development of the formal model for the presentation of poorly structured and unstructured information
Authors: Rabin A V , Petrushevskaya A A
Published: May 2020

The article describes the tasks of data mining, data modeling, presents a classification of data models, and also develops a formal model for representing various types of weakly structured and unstructured information resources. The developed formal model for representing various types of weakly structured and unstructured information resources within the framework of the software environment represents the theoretical basis for creating tools for solving the applied problem of automatic analysis of documentation on paper and digital media for the subsequent cataloging of poorly structured information.
Authentication control algorithm for long-term keeping of digital data
Authors: Solovyev A V
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to solving the problem of keeping the authenticity of digital data during long-term keeping in the digital economy. The study gives a brief description of the problem stated in the topic of the article. The existing methods of confirming the authenticity of digital data, their advantages and disadvantages are described. Definitions of authenticity, long-term keeping and other concepts and definitions are given. The article describes an algorithmic method for solving the problem of keeping of the authenticity of digital data during their long-term storage. An algorithm for inventory of electronic signatures is described, which is the key to solving the problem of authenticity of digital data using electronic signatures. An assertion is made that the proposed algorithm, which has been tested by practice, will solve the problem posed in the article. The prospects of practical application of the algorithm are considered.
Composite method of sewage treatment for chromium ion (VI)
Authors: Mostalygina L V , Kamaev D N , Elizarova S N
Published: May 2020

The sewage, containing hexavalent chromium, appears at the different productions, where the main component of technological process is chromic acid. The influence curve has been constructed showing the dependence of the value of the sorption of chromium ions (III) on native bentonite clay. Maximum degree of the treatment is 96.25 % (original concentration is 0.024 mg/ml, minimum degree is 37.63 % (original concentration is 0.481 mg/ml). All the values of residual concentration exceed maximum permissible concentration according to chromium ions. A composite method of sewage treatment of galvanic production for chromium ion (VI) by means of pre-transforming it to chromium ion (III) and adding of bentonite clay and ferric chloride (III) in model solutions has been studied. Ferrum ions after the treatment are not detected in the solution. Optimal mass ratio of metal coagulant to clay in both cases is 1:4000.
Model for calculating the characteristics of fuel injection and atomization in diesel when working on alcohol-fuel emulsions
Authors: Likhanov V A , Lopatin O P
Published: May 2020

The solution to the problem of air pollution can be the transfer to alternative mixed fuels based on alcohol with the specified physical and chemical characteristics of power engines installed on vehicles and running on oil fuel, which will significantly expand the raw material base for obtaining motor fuels. The mechanisms of crushing a drop burning in an open atmosphere are considered, taking into account the repeated crushing of an emulsion drop as a result of boiling of intra-phase water inclusions and the model of evaporation of the drop in the absence of intensive internal circulation, when the rate of fractional evaporation of each component is determined by its mass fraction.
Atmospheric dispersion modelling in ecological engineering problems
Authors: Ravshanov N , Akhmedov D , Kravets O Ja
Published: May 2020

The applied problems of hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer often claim the use of numerical solution techniques in curvilinear coordinates. Such an approach is quite natural and common for flows modelling, particularly in atmosphere dynamics. The paper deals with development of atmospheric dispersion model and numerical algorithm using approximations in curvilinear coordinate systems. The approach allowed significantly simplifying the formulas and reducing the amount of computations during experiments on forecasting the air pollutants concentration nearby existing industrial plants.
Phytotoxic properties of electrically-cleaned oil-contaminated soils (the use of Lepidium sativum L. biotest)
Authors: Shulaev N S , Pryanichnikova V V , Kadyrov R R , Bykovsky N A , Damineva R M , Ovsyannikova I V
Published: May 2020

The changes in the properties of contaminated soil during electrochemical cleaning is very important. The results of research of phytotoxicity of soil contaminated with oil and mineralized formation water after electrochemical treatment are presented in this paper. A biotesting methodic with Lepidium sativum L. allowed to do complex assessment of the hazardous properties of contaminated soil. Lepidium sativum L is one of the most useful test object because of its high responsiveness to the presence of pollutants and ability to quickly germination. The most presentative parameters of this methodic are the percentage of seed germination and the total length of seedlings (sum of underground and aboveground parts length). A statistical analysis of the experimental data was carried out too.
Methods of computer thermodynamic analysis of chemical reactions in ecological systems
Authors: Mileshko L P , Telesh A D , Dmitrieva I A , Borisova A A , Sakharova O N
Published: May 2020

The technique for constructing a thermodynamic model of chemical transformations that occur in ecological systems, which can be used to study the course of ecology, is proposed. The information necessary for students studying environmental disciplines for the independent implementation of thermodynamic calculations is presented.
Granular nitrogen and nitrogen-potassium fertilizers containing sulfur from the spent acid mixture of nitrocellulose production
Authors: Fazullin R Kh , Khalitov R A , Khuziahmetov R Kh , Matuhin E L , Fazullina A A
Published: May 2020

In the production of cellulose nitrates, waste is formed of mixtures of sulfuric and nitric acids. Regeneration of these mixtures involves large capital, energy costs and emissions of toxic substances in the air. To solve the environmental problem and improve the efficiency of nitrocellulose production, a method for obtaining granular nitrogen and nitrogen-potassium fertilizers with a sulfur content from spent acid mixtures has been developed. Six variants of fertilizer compositions from the spent acid mixture of nitrocellulose production and two samples of a simple salt mixture with an elemental composition identical to the composition of two samples from spent acids were obtained at the laboratory facility. A complex of studies of the obtained granular fertilizers without adding binders was carried out. To improve the quality characteristics of the granulated fertilizer, repeated preparation of fertilizers with the addition of bentonite clay to the salt mixture before granulation was carried out. As a result, strong, moisture-resistant granules of nitrogen and nitrogen-potassium fertilizer with a sulfur content with low acidity and high bulk density were obtained. The qualitative characteristics of granules obtained from the spent acid mixture showed better results in all experiments, compared to samples of a similar elemental composition obtained by simple mixing of salts.
Reactive power balancing transformers in control systems for electric drives of direct and alternating current
Authors: Sidorenko E V , Kozhin A S , Danilov A D , Burkovsky V L , Burkovsky A V
Published: May 2020

The features of the application of the balancing transformers with artificial switching as regulated power sources of the process plants are considered. The proposed approach makes it possible to convert AC to DC to supply the load and simultaneously generate reactive power of a capacitive nature, which is aimed at meeting the current Russian and foreign standards for electromagnetic compatibility of the consumer with the supply network. The characteristics obtained as a result of computer simulation in the MATLAB Simulink environment and its SimPowerSystems application confirmed the main positive features of compensation converters. It is shown that the main advantage of controlled compensation converters is the possibility of creating a frequency-controlled asynchronous electric drive with separate frequency and voltage control, which will significantly improve the energy characteristics of an asynchronous motor by reducing losses, increasing the service life of insulation, and significantly improving electromagnetic compatibility.
Wildfires and the spread of smoke from forest fires in the Krasnoyarsk territory in summer 2019
Authors: Gosteva A A , Yakubailik O E , Shaparev N Y
Published: May 2020

Forest fires in the Siberian regions of Russia received significant attention in the media and social networks in the summer months of 2019, much more than in previous years. There was an impression of a significant increase in their number and area. However, satellite monitoring data showed that this is just half the truth. The forest areas covered by fires were indeed significant, but at the same time comparable in values with a number of previous seasons. And a strong increase was not observed. Moreover, a significant part of the summer period in the territories where firefighting is carried out (firefighting zone), the area of fires was about half as much as in the previous year. Our research has shown that, most likely, the reason for the increased attention to this topic is associated with significant smoke from forest fires in the territory of Siberia due to unique meteorological conditions such as the distribution of areas of high pressure, lack of precipitation, and so on. This hypothesis has been confirmed by the results of analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the ultraviolet aerosol index calculated from the data of OMPS instrument of the Suomi-NPP meteorological satellite.
Methods for detection of antibiotics in urban wastewater
Authors: Abramova A A , Isakov V G , Grakhova E V , Nepogodin A M
Published: May 2020

This review provides analysis of existing methods for detection antibiotics in wastewater. Special attention is paid to the classification of methods for the detection of antibiotics and the possibility of these methods during antibiotics formation with separate components of wastewater complex compounds. According to the classification and a review of detection methods, preference was given to the analysis of the antibiotic content in dust on a solid-state polarograph, analyzing a sample of the solution using a KORIAN-3 analyzer, and differential spectroscopy.
Tribology of carbon-containing materials in the carbon dioxide environment at high temperatures
Authors: Roshchin M N , Markachev N A , Bogachev V A
Published: May 2020

The work is devoted to high-temperature tribological testing of carbon-containing materials during friction on 40X13 steel in the temperature range from plus 20 to plus 800 ° C in a carbon dioxide environment. The choice of temperature and test environment is due to the prospects of creating spacecraft drives for operation without lubrication in the atmosphere of Venus. Studies have shown that the friction process in a carbon dioxide environment at a temperature of plus 300 ° C reduces the coefficient of friction, so at a load of 0.5 MPa, the friction coefficient is lower by 67%, and at a temperature of plus 600 ° C the coefficient of friction is lower by 38%. At a load of 1.0 MPa and a temperature of plus 300 ° C, the friction coefficient in a carbon dioxide environment is lower by 55%, and at a temperature of plus 600 ° C the friction coefficient is lower by 45%. In the range of operating temperatures from plus 300 to plus 600 ° C at a speed of 0.16 m/s and a load of 0.5 MPa and 1.0 MPa, the friction coefficient does not exceed the value of 0.3. The friction coefficient decreases with increasing load. At a temperature of plus 500 ° C and a load of 0.5 MPa, the coefficient of friction in a carbon dioxide medium is 1.9 times less than the carbon-carbon composite materials in an air atmosphere, and at a load of 1.0 MPa it is 2.1 times less than a carbon-carbon composite materials in the air atmosphere.
Influence of methanol use in diesel fuel on energy and economic indicators
Authors: Chuvashev A N , Chuprakov A I
Published: May 2020

The problem of finding and using alternative energy carriers in transport has arisen since the invention of the internal combustion engine. It is possible to expand the raw material base of automobile fuels and at the same time reduce their negative impact on the environment by using non-traditional or alternative fuels. Among them, compressed natural gas and alcohols are most widely used in road transport. In the Vyatka agricultural Academy, work is underway to study the features of the use of alcohols in diesels when they are fed using a dual fuel supply system.
Metrological parameters of semiconductor sensors of hydrogen sulfide SCS-H2S with membrane coatings based on tungsten and copper oxides
Authors: Abdurakhmanov I E , Begmatov R Kh , Abdurakhmanov E , Kholboev O N , Kholmirzaev F F
Published: May 2020

The paper shows the possibility of using metal oxides W and Cu as a gas-sensitive material of a semiconductor hydrogen sulfide sensor. The results of studying the following metrological parameters of SCS-H2S are presented: calibration characteristic, selectivity, measurement range and basic error, the effect of pressure on the values of the input signal and the sensor’s resistance to concentration overloads. The principle of operation of the developed semiconductor hydrogen sulfide sensor is to change the electrical conductivity of the gas-sensitive layer as a result of sorption of hydrogen sulfide.
Impact of a reactor design features on wood raw materials torrefaction parameters
Authors: Safin R R , Salimgaraeva R V , Safina A V , Mukhametzyanov Sh R , Kraysman N V
Published: May 2020

We have studied the impact of a disc type reactor design features on the uniformity of different-fraction wood raw materials heat treatment before granulation. It was found that a uniform distribution of the pine chips density is provided by using plates with different hole diameters across the height of the device at the blades rotation rate of 12 rpm. These parameters ensure the efficiency of the process and contribute to production of torrefied pellets with improved calorific characteristics.
Investigation of particular parameters of a semiconductor ammonia gas analyzer
Authors: Kuchkarov O A , Abdurakhmonov I E , Begimkulov Zh N , Mamirzaev M A , Khamraeva D A , Abdurakhmanov E
Published: May 2020

Selective methods and a highly sensitive automatic semiconductor gas analyzer VG-NH3 have been developed for detecting ammonia in a mixture of toxic, flammable and explosive gases. The basic metrological and operational characteristics of the developed selective automatic ammonia analyzer are estimated. These devices allow determining ammonia in a wide range of its concentrations and have the best metrological and operational characteristics that meet the requirements of the GOST (National State Standard).
Development and research of metrological characteristics of selective thermocatalytic methane (natural gas) sensor
Authors: Sidikova Kh G , Abdurakhmanov I E , Mumunova N I , Kholboev O N , Abdurakhmanov E
Published: May 2020

In this work, the catalyst (0.75In2O3-0,25 Ag2O и 0,25Fe3O4-0,75 Ni2O3) for selective and highly sensitive methane sensor was selected. Selective natural gas thermochemical sensors have been developed using selected catalysts. In a wide range of parameters, the influence of various parameters was studied and optimal conditions providing the highest thermochemical sensor signal were established.
Influenza and Embodied Sociality in Early Twentieth-Century American Literature
Authors: Bracken Rachel Conrad
Published: May 2020

This article reads two early twentieth-century American novels, William Maxwell’s They Came Like Swallows (1937) and Katherine Anne Porter’s Pale Horse, Pale Rider (1939), in relation to the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918–19 and the history of public health. Beyond serving as a literary record of “America’s forgotten pandemic,” it interprets these novels as experiments in what I term “embodied sociality”: a biocultural model of social life encompassing both the abstract, symbolic dimensions of community belonging and the concrete, biological contours of collective living made visible through the spread of infectious disease. I argue that Swallows and Pale Horse challenge the logic of “modern health citizenship,” which prioritized personal hygiene measures to prevent the spread of influenza through a community, that was promoted in turn-of-the-century public health efforts. Instead, these novels destabilize perceptions of the body as a discrete and potentially impermeable entity, revealing how to belong to a community is to be susceptible to the unseen agents of disease that move between bodies in close proximity, as well as to be, albeit unwittingly, a potential carrier of disease. Attending to embodied sociality as made visible by the flu, these novels necessitate a new way of writing pandemic—one that blends the narrative conventions of plague writing and autopathography. In so doing, I contend, Pale Horse and Swallows invite us to reimagine embodiment and community belonging by holding the local and global, personal and political, individual and collective dimensions of pandemic together.

When we recognize pandemic as simultaneously individual and communal, the boundaries that differentiate proximal bodies from one another and from a collective social body blur. And this knowledge, in turn, transforms the way we write pandemic.
The cognitive aftermath of COVID-19
Authors: Lleó Alberto , Alcolea Daniel
Published: May 2020

This scientific commentary refers to ‘The cognitive consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic: collateral damage?’, by Ritchie et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa069).
Maximum Daily Temperature, Precipitation, Ultraviolet Light, and Rates of Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in the United States
Authors: Sehra Shiv T , Salciccioli Justin D , Wiebe Douglas J , Fundin Shelby , Baker Joshua F
Published: May 2020

Background

Previous reports have suggested that transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is reduced by higher temperatures and higher humidity. We analyzed case data from the United States to investigate the effects of temperature, precipitation, and ultraviolet (UV) light on community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

Daily reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 across the United States from 22 January 2020 to 3 April 2020 were analyzed. We used negative binomial regression modeling to determine whether daily maximum temperature, precipitation, UV index, and the incidence 5 days later were related.

Results

A maximum temperature above 52°F on a given day was associated with a lower rate of new cases at 5 days (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.85 [0.76, 0.96]; P = .009). Among observations with daily temperatures below 52°F, there was a significant inverse association between the maximum daily temperature and the rate of cases at 5 days (IRR, 0.98 [0.97, 0.99]; P = .001). A 1-unit higher UV index was associated with a lower rate at 5 days (IRR, 0.97 [0.95, 0.99]; P = .004). Precipitation was not associated with a greater rate of cases at 5 days (IRR, 0.98 [0.89, 1.08]; P = .65).

Conclusions

The incidence of disease declines with increasing temperature up to 52°F and is lower at warmer vs cooler temperatures. However, the association between temperature and transmission is small, and transmission is likely to remain high at warmer temperatures.
Management of patients with a failed kidney transplant: what should we do?
Authors: Fiorentino Marco , Gallo Pasquale , Giliberti Marica , Colucci Vincenza , Schena Antonio , Stallone Giovanni , Gesualdo Loreto , Castellano Giuseppe
Published: May 2020

The number of kidney transplant recipients returning to dialysis after graft failure is steadily increasing over time. Patients with a failed kidney transplant have been shown to have a significant increase in mortality compared with patients with a functioning graft or patients initiating dialysis for the first time. Moreover, the risk for infectious complications, cardiovascular disease and malignancy is greater than in the dialysis population due to the frequent maintenance of low-dose immunosuppression, which is required to reduce the risk of allosensitization, particularly in patients with the prospect of retransplantation from a living donor. The management of these patients present several controversial opinions and clinical guidelines are lacking. This article aims to review the leading evidence on the main issues in the management of patients with failed transplant, including the ideal timing and modality of dialysis reinitiation, the indications for an allograft nephrectomy or the correct management of immunosuppression during graft failure. In summary, retransplantation is a feasible option that should be considered in patients with graft failure and may help to minimize the morbidity and mortality risk associated with dialysis reinitiation.
Complement C5 inhibition reverses bleomycin-induced thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Salhi Sofiane , Ribes David , Faguer Stanislas
Published: May 2020

Whether C5 blocking may improve the outcomes of patients developing chemotherapy-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) remains elusive. Lung fibrosis is a well-known complication of bleomycin, whereas TMAs are very rare (<20 cases described). Here, we report an exceptional case of a male patient that developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and TMA following administration of bleomycin, cisplatin and etoposide . Refractoriness to plasma exchanges prompted us to use eculizumab as salvage therapy. Eculizumab led to complete remission of the TMA before Day 2. However, the patient progressed towards refractory respiratory failure, suggesting that pathophysiological mechanisms of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and TMA differ.
Utility of repeated therapeutic endoscopies for pediatric esophageal anastomotic strictures
Authors: Yasuda Jessica L , Taslitsky Gabriela N , Staffa Steven J , Clark Susannah J , Ngo Peter D , Hamilton Thomas E , Zendejas Benjamin , Jennings Russell W , Manfredi Michael A
Published: May 2020

Anastomotic stricture is a common complication of esophageal atresia (EA) repair. Such strictures are managed with dilation or other therapeutic endoscopic techniques such as steroid injections, stenting, or endoscopic incisional therapy (EIT). In situations where endoscopic therapy is unsuccessful, patients with refractory strictures may require surgical stricture resection; however, the point at which endoscopic therapy should be abandoned in favor of repeat thoracotomy is unclear. We hypothesized that increasing numbers of therapeutic endoscopies are associated with increased likelihood of stricture resection. We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with EA who had an initial surgery at our institution resulting in an esophago-esophageal anastomosis between August 2005 and May 2019. Up to 2 years of post-surgery endoscopy data were collected, including exposure to balloon dilation, intralesional steroid injection, stenting, and EIT. Primary outcome was need for stricture resection. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed. There were 171 patients who met inclusion criteria. The number of therapeutic endoscopies was a moderate predictor of stricture resection by ROC curve analysis (AUC = 0.720, 95% CI 0.617–0.823). With increasing number of therapeutic endoscopies, the probability of remaining free from stricture resection decreased. By Youden’s J index, a cutoff of ≥7 therapeutic endoscopies was optimal for discriminating between patients who had versus did not have stricture resection, though an absolute majority of patients (≥50%) remained free of stricture resection at each number of therapeutic endoscopies through 12 endoscopies. Significant predictors of needing stricture resection by univariate regression included ≥7 therapeutic endoscopies, Foker surgery for long-gap EA, fundoplication, history of esophageal leak, and length of stricture ≥10 mm. Multivariate analysis identified only history of leak as statistically significant, though this regression was underpowered. The utility of repeated therapeutic endoscopies may diminish with increasing numbers of endoscopic therapeutic attempts, with a cutoff of ≥7 endoscopies identified by our single-center experience as our statistically optimal discriminator between having stricture resection versus not; however, a majority of patients remained free of stricture resection well beyond 7 therapeutic endoscopies. Though retrospective, this study supports that repeated therapeutic endoscopies may have clinical utility in sparing surgical stricture resection. Esophageal leak is identified as a significant predictor of needing subsequent stricture resection. Prospective study is needed.
Laminin-111 protein therapy after disease onset slows muscle disease in a mouse model of laminin-α2 related congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Barraza-Flores Pamela , Bukovec Katherine E , Dagda Marisela , Conner Brandon W , Oliveira-Santos Ariany , Grange Robert W , Burkin Dean J
Published: May 2020

Laminin-α2 related congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD) is a fatal muscle disease caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene. Laminin-α2 is critical for the formation of laminin-211 and -221 heterotrimers in the muscle basal lamina. LAMA2-CMD patients exhibit hypotonia from birth and progressive muscle loss that results in developmental delay, confinement to a wheelchair, respiratory insufficiency and premature death. There is currently no cure or effective treatment for LAMA2-CMD. Several studies have shown laminin-111 can serve as an effective protein-replacement therapy for LAMA2-CMD. Studies have demonstrated early treatment with laminin-111 protein results in an increase in life expectancy and improvements in muscle pathology and function. Since LAMA2-CMD patients are often diagnosed after advanced disease, it is unclear if laminin-111 protein therapy at an advanced stage of the disease can have beneficial outcomes. In this study, we tested the efficacy of laminin-111 protein therapy after disease onset in a mouse model of LAMA2-CMD. Our results showed laminin-111 treatment after muscle disease onset increased life expectancy, promoted muscle growth and increased muscle stiffness. Together these studies indicate laminin-111 protein therapy either early or late in the disease process could serve as an effective protein replacement therapy for LAMA2-CMD.
Characterizing uncertainty in climate impact projections: a case study with seven marine species on the North American continental shelf
Authors: Morley James W , Frölicher Thomas L , Pinsky Malin L
Published: May 2020

Projections of climate change impacts on living resources are being conducted frequently, and the goal is often to inform policy. Species projections will be more useful if uncertainty is effectively quantified. However, few studies have comprehensively characterized the projection uncertainty arising from greenhouse gas scenarios, Earth system models (ESMs), and both structural and parameter uncertainty in species distribution modelling. Here, we conducted 8964 unique 21st century projections for shifts in suitable habitat for seven economically important marine species including American lobster, Pacific halibut, Pacific ocean perch, and summer flounder. For all species, both the ESM used to simulate future temperatures and the niche modelling approach used to represent species distributions were important sources of uncertainty, while variation associated with parameter values in niche models was minor. Greenhouse gas emissions scenario contributed to uncertainty for projections at the century scale. The characteristics of projection uncertainty differed among species and also varied spatially, which underscores the need for improved multi-model approaches with a suite of ESMs and niche models forming the basis for uncertainty around projected impacts. Ensemble projections show the potential for major shifts in future distributions. Therefore, rigorous future projections are important for informing climate adaptation efforts.
Regional and stock-specific differences in contemporary growth of Baltic cod revealed through tag-recapture data
Authors: McQueen Kate , Casini Michele , Dolk Bodo , Haase Stefanie , Hemmer-Hansen Jakob , Hilvarsson Annelie , Hüssy Karin , Mion Monica , Mohr Thomas , Radtke Krzysztof , Schade Franziska Maria , Schulz Norbert , Krumme Uwe
Published: May 2020

The use of growth estimation methods that depend on unreliable age data has previously hindered the quantification of perceived differences in growth rates between the two cod stocks inhabiting the Baltic Sea. Data from cod tagged in different regions of the Baltic Sea during 2007–2019 were combined, and general linear models were fit to investigate inter-regional (defined as area of release) and inter-stock (assigned to a subset of recaptures using genetic and otolith shape analyses) differences in individual growth. An average-sized cod (364 mm) caught in the western Baltic Sea and assigned to the western Baltic cod stock grew at more than double the rate (145 mm year−1) on average than a cod of the same size caught in the eastern Baltic Sea and assigned to the eastern Baltic cod stock (58 mm year−1), highlighting the current poor conditions for the growth of cod in the eastern Baltic Sea. The regional differences in growth rate were more than twice as large (63 mm year−1) as the stock differences (24 mm year−1). Although the relative importance of environmental and genetic factors cannot be fully resolved through this study, these results suggest that environmental experience may contribute to growth differences between Baltic cod stocks.
Low-carbon design for product packaging: a case study on wineglass
Authors: Xu Feng , Pan Jiao-Jing
Published: May 2020

The study on carbon emissions in packaging industry is a very important but easily overlooked field. In order to explore carbon emissions of the packaging life cycle, the wineglass is used as the packaging object to discuss the difference between carbon emissions and costs caused by two new packaging structures and a common packaging structure on the market. The measurement boundary includes raw material collection, raw material processing, packaging manufacturing, transportation and end of life. It was found that reasonable packaging structure instead the buffer function of expanded polyethylene can effectively reduce the carbon emissions and costs.
The flare cumulative frequencies of UV Ceti stars from different spectral types
Authors: Dal H A
Published: May 2020

In this study, as a result of the photometric observations continued on nine UV Ceti type stars, examining the parameters obtained from the models of distributions of the flare equivalent durations in the logarithmic scale versus flare total durations, it is found that the highest flare equivalent durations occurring on the stars (Plateau values) are varying with the B − V colour indexes of those stars in agreement with the variations of both the magnetic field strength (B) of the magnetic loop and especially the electron density of its plasma (ne). The distributions of flare cumulative frequencies were derived by using the flare equivalent durations, instead of the flare energy. The main result of this study is a secondary variation, which can be just modelled with the damping sine waves, behind the main exponential variation of the flare cumulative frequency. The models indicate that this secondary variation in the flare cumulative frequency distributions is in the same shape with the periodic or quasi-periodic oscillations detected in the light curves of the stellar and solar flares. This caused to ask new questions about the flare mechanism working on stellar atmospheres.
VLA and ALMA observations of the lensed radio-quiet quasar SDSS J0924+0219: a molecular structure in a 3 μJy radio source
Authors: Badole Shruti , Jackson Neal , Hartley Philippa , Sluse Dominique , Stacey Hannah , Vives-Arias Héctor
Published: May 2020

We present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) observations of SDSS J0924+0219, a z = 1.524 radio-quiet lensed quasar with an intrinsic radio flux density of about 3 $\, \mu$Jy. The four lensed images are clearly detected in the radio continuum and the CO(5–4) line, whose centroid is at z = 1.5254 ± 0.0001, with a marginal detection in the submillimetre continuum. The molecular gas displays ordered motion, in a structure approximately 1–2.5 kpc in physical extent, with typical velocities of 50–100 km s−1. Our results are consistent with the radio emission being emitted from the same region, but not with a point source of radio emission. SDSS J0924+0219 shows an extreme anomaly in the flux ratios of the two merging images in the optical continuum and broad emission lines, suggesting the influence of microlensing by stars in the lensing galaxy. We find the flux ratio in the radio, submillimetre continuum and CO lines to be slightly greater than 1 but much less than that in the optical, which can be reproduced with a smooth galaxy mass model and an extended source. Our results, supported by a microlensing simulation, suggest that the most likely explanation for the optical flux anomaly is indeed microlensing.
Hippo-YAP signaling controls lineage differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells through modulating the formation of super-enhancers
Authors: Sun Xiang , Ren Zhijun , Cun Yixian , Zhao Cai , Huang Xianglin , Zhou Jiajian , Hu Rong , Su Xiaoxi , Ji Lu , Li Peng , Mak King Lun Kingston , Gao Feng , Yang Yi , Xu He , Ding Junjun , Cao Nan , Li Shuo , Zhang Wensheng , Lan Ping , Sun Hao , Wang Jinkai , Yuan Ping
Published: May 2020

Hippo-YAP signaling pathway functions in early lineage differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, but the detailed mechanisms remain elusive. We found that knockout (KO) of Mst1 and Mst2, two key components of the Hippo signaling in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), resulted in a disruption of differentiation into mesendoderm lineage. To further uncover the underlying regulatory mechanisms, we performed a series of ChIP-seq experiments with antibodies against YAP, ESC master transcription factors and some characterized histone modification markers as well as RNA-seq assays using wild type and Mst KO samples at ES and day 4 embryoid body stage respectively. We demonstrate that YAP is preferentially co-localized with super-enhancer (SE) markers such as Nanog, Sox2, Oct4 and H3K27ac in ESCs. The hyper-activation of nuclear YAP in Mst KO ESCs facilitates the binding of Nanog, Sox2 and Oct4 as well as H3K27ac modification at the loci where YAP binds. Moreover, Mst depletion results in novel SE formation and enhanced liquid-liquid phase-separated Med1 condensates on lineage associated genes, leading to the upregulation of these genes and the distortion of ESC differentiation. Our study reveals a novel mechanism on how Hippo-YAP signaling pathway dictates ESC lineage differentiation.