bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A peer mentoring initiative across medical residency programs
Authors: Fournier Marie , Tourian Leon
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Several studies have shown benefits of peer mentoring on wellness among medical students and health care professionals. Peer mentorship has also been pointed as having interesting potential for International Medical Graduates. However, the literature on peer mentoring at the residency level is very limited. The purpose of this paper is to assess the benefits of a resident-led pilot peer-mentoring initiative at McGill University.

Design/methodology/approach

Over 2 years, 17 residents from various residency programs were put in contact with a volunteer peer mentor by e-mail. The structure of the mentorship was flexible. A survey using Likert scale and free text responses was sent to all the participants.

Findings

There were response rates of 65 percent for mentees and 59 percent for mentors. The majority of mentees thought the service was either moderately helpful (18 percent) or helpful (36 percent). Several residents noted that communication by e-mails and lack of in-person contacts were a limitation in the mentorship experience. The most frequent challenge that led to consult the service was immigration or arrival from another province.

Originality/value

The results show that the program can be helpful to medical residents, is cost-effective, flexible and could be adapted and replicated elsewhere. In the future, the program will adjust to tend toward a more structured frame, highlighting the importance of in-person contacts. The small sample size of participants and the recall bias are some limitations of our study.
Mental distress and “self-stigma” in the context of support provision: exploring attributions of self-stigma as sanism
Authors: Armstrong Victoria , Brandon Toby
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the findings from a detailed qualitative PhD study exploring experiences of stigma and discrimination in the lives of people in receipt of “mental health support” at two voluntary sector organisations in the North East of England.

Design/methodology/approach

Empirical material was collected during two periods of three-month long ethnographic periods of fieldwork from July to December of 2013 at two organisations providing support to their members who experience or have experienced mental distress. Along with field notes taken during and after periods of participant observation, the empirical material also included 30 interviews with staff (n=10) and members (n=20) across both organisations, along with a series of three focus groups at each organisation.

Findings

Staff at the organisations did not demonstrate obvious stigmatising or discriminatory attitudes or behaviours. However, they did attribute “self-stigma” to particular attitudes and behaviours of some of the members they support, referring to how they “made excuses”, “did not try” and/or “avoided situations”.

Originality/value

This paper argues that these attributions resulted from the misrecognition of members’ reactions to experiences of discrimination. The empirical material also suggests that these attributions of self-stigma may be indicative of the material limitations of the support environment, the consequent frustrations of well-intentioned staff, and, overall, as symptoms of neoliberalism. Drawing upon a Mad Studies approach and focussing on self-stigma and its attribution in contemporary mental health support, this paper provides a new perspective, which considers how stigma is linked to discrimination by rethinking what is thought of as “self-stigma”.
Does family come first? Family motivation-individual’s OCB assessment via self-efficacy
Authors: Umrani Waheed Ali , Siyal Imdad Ali , Ahmed Umair , Ali Arain Ghulam , Sayed Hassan , Umrani Sumera
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceptions of faculty members about the influence of family motivation on their self-efficacy and organizational citizenship behavior-individual (OCBI).

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed model was tested on a sample of 353 faculty members from different public and private universities of Pakistan. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze data.

Findings

Surprisingly, results reveal that family motivation was not positively related to faculty members’ OCBI; instead, this relationship is fully mediated by self-efficacy. The findings suggest that it is employees’ self-efficacy belief through which their family motivation translates to their increased OCBI. This study also finds that supporting the family is a powerful source of motivation to work, offering meaningful practical and theoretical implications for policy-makers, leaders, managers and researchers on the new dynamics of work and family engagements.

Originality/value

The study contributes to human resource management (HRM) and organizational behavior (OB) literatures by providing some useful practical implications for managers and HRM and OB consultants who are interested in understanding the underlying psychological mechanisms (i.e. self-efficacy) through which employees’ family motivation results in the increased OCBI.
Human resource management and innovation in SMEs
Authors: Adla Ludivine , Gallego-Roquelaure Virginie , Calamel Ludivine
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relation between human resource management (HRM) and innovation in small to medium size enterprises (SMEs) through gift/counter-gift exchanges.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the theory of the gift/counter-gift, the authors study the case of a French SME, specifically, a technological innovation project developed from 2013 to 2016. The authors structure the data and create a model using the Gioia method.

Findings

The results reveal that the logic of giving evolves in three key stages: freeing up gifts, mobilizing gifts and rethinking gifts.

Originality/value

These stages highlight the importance of an enabling organizational environment, gift/counter-gift relationships and the role of a number of HRM practices.
Abusive supervision and intention to quit: exploring multi-mediational approaches
Authors: Pradhan Sajeet , Srivastava Aman , Jena Lalatendu Kesari
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Based on the unfolding theory of voluntary turnover, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the linkage between abusive supervision (a shock) and subordinate’s intention to quit (withdrawal cognition). The study also explores the multi-mediation routes by testing the abusive supervision-intention to quit relationship via psychological contract breach and via burnout.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the proposed hypotheses, the study draws cross-sectional data from Indian employees working in various MNCs in the country. Data were collected using an electronic data collection method. The online form link was send to 600 employees, out of which 246 valid and complete responses were received (n=246). Partial least square (PLS–SEM) was used for the analysis.

Findings

Results showed that abusive supervision is positively related to intention to quit. Similarly, psychological contract breach and burnout partially mediates the abusive supervision-intention to quit linkage.

Originality/value

First, the current study has conceptualized and tested abusive supervision as a shock that triggers various adverse cognitions including withdrawal cognition (intention to quit). Second, the study also empirically investigated multi-mediational routes via psychological contract breach and burnout that explained the indirect effect between abusive supervision and intention to quit.
Perceived diversity and employee well-being: mediating role of inclusion
Authors: Jaiswal Akanksha , Dyaram Lata
Published: December 2019

Purpose

While literature cites several distinct studies on workforce diversity and employee well-being (EWB), attention to their combined significance has been limited. Extant work highlights cognitive outcomes of diversity, while its impact on affect-related outcomes is underexplored. The purpose of this paper is to examine how employee perceptions of diversity (based on surface and/or knowledge attributes) influence their well-being and how perception of inclusion mediates this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 248 full-time employees from large organizations across varied industries in India have participated in this survey-based study.

Findings

Structural equation modeling results indicate surface and knowledge diversity to significantly impact EWB. Surface diversity adversely affected well-being, while knowledge diversity had favorable impact. Besides, inclusion was found to be a significant mediator between knowledge diversity and well-being but not between surface diversity and well-being.

Research limitations/implications

Present study explores the diversity–well-being link through the lens of perceived inclusion. Future research should consider contextual factors that will influence these relationships.

Practical implications

Managerial nudging can enhance employee self-control, intrinsic motivation and well-being. Further, managers should note how knowledge diversity aids in well-being toward constructive cross-functional synergy building.

Originality/value

Study conceptualizes diversity from Indian social and employment perspectives, while incorporating inclusion as a contextual factor currently under-researched empirically in the Indian context. Further, the authors contribute to the limited literature on affect-related effects of diversity.
Determinants of the continuance intention of Airbnb users: consumption values, co-creation, information overload and satisfaction
Authors: Sthapit Erose , Del Chiappa Giacomo , Coudounaris Dafnis N. , Bjork Peter
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationships among the dimensions of consumption values (functional, social and emotional), co-creation, information overload, satisfaction and continuance intention derived from the use of the Airbnb platform.

Design/methodology/approach

A Web-based survey was conducted among Italians, and a valid sample of 259 persons was obtained for data analysis.

Findings

The survey results indicated that only functional value and social value are strong predictors of satisfaction in the use of the Airbnb website for accommodation booking. Co-creation and absence of information overload also contribute to satisfaction with using the Airbnb website for accommodation booking, which in turn affects continuance intention.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study are highly destination-specific, given that the authors collected the data only from Italian residents. The sample was based on a snowball sampling technique; thus, the study findings could be misrepresented because of sampling selection bias. Moreover, the study was limited to the use of three dimensions of consumption values, co-creation, information overload and satisfaction to predict continuance intention. Furthermore, the present study adopted a Web-based survey questionnaire.

Practical implications

Managerial implications include recommendations for hosts to emphasise their prices when listing accommodations on the Airbnb website and to focus on active interaction with potential guests. Information on the website should also be organised to avoid information overload.

Originality/value

This study allows a deeper understanding of users’ continuance intention with regards to the Airbnb website by exploring the possible determinants.
Prototyping public friction: Exploring the political effects of design testing in urban space
Authors: Tironi Martín
Published: December 2019

The use of prototypes as testing instruments has become a common strategy in the innovation of services and products and increasingly in the implementation of “smart” urban policies through living labs or pilots. As a technique for validating hypotheses about the future performance of products or policies, prototyping is based on the idea of generating original knowledge through the failures produced during the testing process. Through the study of an experimentation and prototyping project developed in Santiago de Chile called “Shared Streets for a Low‐Carbon District,” I analyse the technique of prototyping as a political device that can make visible (or invisible) certain entities and issues, determining what the experimental entities can do and say. I will show how the technique of prototyping defines modes of participation, what is visible and thinkable, what can be spoken and what is unspeakable. In this sense, I examine two ambivalent capacities of prototyping: as a mechanism of management and enrolment that seeks to prescribe normativities (problem‐validating prototype) and as an event that can make frictions tangible, articulating matters of concern and ways to open up alternative scenarios (problem‐making prototype).
Advance directives of lung cancer patients and caregivers in China: A cross sectional survey
Authors: Feng Chenchen , Wu Juan , Li Junying , Deng Han Yu , Liu Jiewei , Zhao Shuzhen
Published: December 2019

Background

This study aimed to investigate lung cancer patients and attitudes of their caregivers toward advance directives (ADs) in China.

Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oncology outpatient clinic in West China Hospital, Sichuan University. A questionnaire was used to survey the attitudes of lung cancer patients and caregivers toward ADs.

Results

A total of 148 lung cancer patients and 149 caregivers were enrolled into the study. Of these, 94.6% and 89.9% of patients and caregivers had not heard of AD and none of those in the study had ever signed an AD. A total of 79.7% patients and 75.2% caregivers were willing to sign ADs after they were provided with information. Patients who preferred the end of life period to sign ADs were 5.4 times more likely to have ADs than patients who chose to sign ADs when their disease was diagnosed (P < 0.05, 95%CI [1.27–22.93]). Caregivers who were reluctant to undergo chemotherapy when diagnosed with cancer were 2.16 times more likely to sign ADs than those willing to receive chemotherapy (P < 0.05, 95%CI [1.20–3.90]).

Conclusions

In China, lung cancer patients and their caregivers showed lack of knowledge about ADs, and the completion rate of ADs was extremely low. However, participants were positive about ADs and public education on ADs may help to increase the completion rate of ADs in China.
Phase II study of ramucirumab and docetaxel for previously treated non‐small cell lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion: Protocol of PLEURAM study
Authors: Takemoto Shinnosuke , Fukuda Minoru , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Ikeda Takaya , Akagi Kazumasa , Tomono Hiromi , Umeyama Yasuhiro , Dotsu Yosuke , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Gyotoku Hiroshi , Senju Hiroaki , Kitazaki Takeshi , Nakatomi Katsumi , Nagashima Seiji , Fukuda Masaaki , Kinoshita Akitoshi , Soda Hiroshi , Mukae Hiroshi
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy has been shown to be effective in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE); however, there are no data to suggest that ramucirumab has the same effects.

Methods

We therefore decided to conduct a phase II study of ramucirumab plus docetaxel for NSCLC patients with MPE. The MPE control rate at eight weeks after the start of treatment will be the primary endpoint, and the objective response rate, progression‐free survival, one‐year survival rate, overall survival, and toxicity profile will be secondary endpoints.

Discussion

A previous study indicated that administering chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab was effective at controlling pleural effusion in patients with NSCLC with carcinomatous pleurisy. It is expected that ramucirumab will have a similar effect to the same group.
Prolonged quiescence delays somatic stem cell‐like divisions in Caenorhabditis elegans and is controlled by insulin signaling
Authors: Olmedo María , Mata‐Cabana Alejandro , Rodríguez‐Palero María Jesús , García‐Sánchez Sabas , Fernández‐Yañez Antonio , Merrow Martha , Artal‐Sanz Marta
Published: December 2019

Cells can enter quiescence in adverse conditions and resume proliferation when the environment becomes favorable. Prolonged quiescence comes with a cost, reducing the subsequent speed and potential to return to proliferation. Here, we show that a similar process happens during Caenorhabditis elegans development, providing an in vivo model to study proliferative capacity after quiescence. Hatching under starvation provokes the arrest of blast cell divisions that normally take place during the first larval stage (L1). We have used a novel method to precisely quantify each stage of postembryonic development to analyze the consequences of prolonged L1 quiescence. We report that prolonged L1 quiescence delays the reactivation of blast cell divisions in C. elegans, leading to a delay in the initiation of postembryonic development. The transcription factor DAF‐16/FOXO is necessary for rapid recovery after extended arrest, and this effect is independent from its role as a suppressor of cell proliferation. Instead, the activation of DAF‐16 by decreased insulin signaling reduces the rate of L1 aging, increasing proliferative potential. We also show that yolk provisioning affects the proliferative potential after L1 arrest modulating the rate of L1 aging, providing a possible mechanistic link between insulin signaling and the maintenance of proliferative potential. Furthermore, variable yolk provisioning in embryos is one of the sources of interindividual variability in recovery after quiescence of genetically identical animals. Our results support the relevance of L1 arrest as an in vivo model to study stem cell‐like aging and the mechanisms for maintenance of proliferation potential after quiescence.
Commentary: advances in the pharmacotherapy of NASH—anti‐diabetic drugs and beyond
Authors: Horn Paul , Newsome Philip N.
Published: December 2019

THIS IS A SPECIAL COMMENTARY ON “METFORMIN IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH NON‐ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS” BY UYGUN, A., KADAYIFCI, A., ISIK, A.T., OZGURTAS, T., DEVECI, S., TUZUN, A., YESILOVA, Z., GULSEN, M., AND DAGALP K., ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN AP&T IN 2004. DOI:10.1111/J.1365-2036.2004.01888.x
Commentary: tegaserod and IBS, two decades on
Authors: Vakil Nimish
Published: December 2019

THIS IS A SPECIAL COMMENTARY ON “TEGASEROD, A 5‐HT4 RECEPTOR PARTIAL AGONIST, RELIEVES SYMPTOMS IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME PATIENTS WITH ABDOMINAL PAIN, BLOATING AND CONSTIPATION” BY MÜLLER‐LISSNER, S.A., FUMAGALLI, I., BARDHAN, K.D., PACE, F., PECHER, E., NAULT, B., AND RÜEGG, P., ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN AP&T IN 2008. DOI:10.1046/J.1365-2036.2001.01094.x
Editorial: the emergence of non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules on Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Crane Harry G. , Davison Scott A. , Levy Miriam T.
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Toyoda et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15490 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15546.
Editorial: better outcomes for Crohn's disease—more than just the drugs?
Authors: Benson‐Pope Samantha J. , Gearry Richard B.
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Rahman et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15511.
Editorial: rapid disease progression in hepatitis delta—can we turn the tide? Authors' reply
Authors: Palom Adriana , Riveiro‐Barciela Mar , Buti Maria ,   all authors
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Palom et al and Sonneveld and de Knegt papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15521 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15549.
Letter: should we intensify infliximab in acute severe ulcerative colitis? Author's reply
Authors: Sebastian Shaji
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Sebastian et al and Laharie and Rivière papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15456 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15520.
Letter: is measurement of faecal biomarkers helpful for the early diagnosis and prediction of pouchitis after proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis? Authors' reply
Authors: Kayal Maia , Ungaro Ryan
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kayal et al and Yamamoto et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15505 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15566.
When agility meets open innovation: two approaches to manage inbound projects
Authors: Pellizzoni Elena , Trabucchi Daniel , Buganza Tommaso
Published: December 2019

Open Innovation is a leading paradigm in the current landscape, and scholars have been highly focused on defining the characteristics and capabilities that firms need to implement it successfully. This research aims to understand how organizations may implement inbound OI projects. Relying on a multiple case study approach and based on primary and secondary sources, this research highlights two main approaches: team‐centred and individual‐centred. The two approaches are discussed according to previous studies, highlighting how the first one is particularly coherent with previous research on Open Innovation, while the second one offers great insights from an Agile Project Management perspective. In particular, this research suggests how the Open Innovation literature can be enriched by considering the recent advancements in the Agile literature, valuing the individual and its autonomy to embrace external ideas from an OI perspective.
Performance management of public–private collaboration in innovation
Authors: Cheah Sarah Lai‐Yin , Yoneyama Shigemi , Ho Yuen‐Ping
Published: December 2019

The open innovation literature has highlighted that more focus should be placed on non‐pecuniary sources such as public research institutes (PRIs) and their performance management (PM), while innovation network studies have highlighted the growing importance of universities and PRIs in public‐private research partnerships. Building on PM capability and portfolio management perspectives, this research aims is to examine the relationship between knowledge resources and collaboration outcome in such public‐private collaborations, and the mediating role of senior management team's (SMT) ability to govern project portfolio approval and management processes. Examining 153 innovation commercialization collaboration projects between PRIs and firms in Singapore, our study has made several significant contributions to the existing research on innovation and performance in public‐private partnership. First, we empirically demonstrate that there is a direct positive relationship between PRIs' knowledge resources and collaboration outcome. Second, our findings establish that the PRIs' SMT ability to govern project portfolio processes mediates this positive relationship. Third, this research highlights that the SMT ability to govern project portfolio processes fully mediates the conversion of market knowledge into innovation. Only partial mediation is observed in the case of technological knowledge, which directly creates value by virtue of generating discoveries or breakthroughs.
Histopathologic findings characteristic of CARD14‐associated papulosquamous eruption
Authors: Ring Nan G. , Craiglow Brittany G. , Panse Gauri , Antaya Richard J. , Ashack Kurt , Ashack Richard , Faith Esteban F. , Paller Amy S. , McNiff Jennifer M. , Choate Keith A. , Ko Christine J.
Published: December 2019

Background

Pathogenic mutations in caspase recruitment domain‐containing protein 14 (CARD14) lead to CARD14‐associated papulosquamous eruption, which shares clinicopathologic findings with psoriasis and pityriasis rubra pilaris. We aimed to describe distinguishing histopathologic features of CARD14‐associated papulosquamous eruption.

Methods

This retrospective study examined the histopathologic features of specimens from patients with confirmed CARD14‐associated papulosquamous eruption and adult patients with plaque psoriasis and pityriasis rubra pilaris.

Results

Lesional skin biopsies from patients with CARD14‐associated papulosquamous eruption consistently showed alternating checkerboard parakeratosis and orthokeratosis, acanthosis without acantholysis, and dilated vessels in the dermal papillae, with some cases also showing follicular plugging.

Conclusion

CARD14‐associated papulosquamous eruption has a range of findings, with a predominance of features typically associated with pityriasis rubra pilaris.
Medical and surgical management of obesity and diabetes: what's new?
Authors: Ammori B. J. , Skarulis M. C. , Soran H. , Syed A. A. , Eledrisi M. , Malik R. A.
Published: December 2019

We conducted a narrative review of the medical and surgical management of people with obesity and diabetes. Results of this review showed that a 5–10% loss in body weight can be achieved with a change in lifestyle, diet and behaviour and with approved pharmacological therapies in people with obesity and diabetes. New targeted therapies are now available for patients with previously untreatable genetic causes of obesity. Compared to medical treatment, metabolic and bariatric surgery is associated with significantly higher rates of remission from type 2 diabetes and lower rates of incident macrovascular and microvascular complications and mortality. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and the American Diabetes Association endorse metabolic and bariatric surgery in obese adults with type 2 diabetes and there may also be a role for this in obese individuals with type 1 diabetes. The paediatric committee of the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery have recommended metabolic and bariatric surgery in obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Earlier and more aggressive treatment with metabolic and bariatric surgery in obese or overweight people with diabetes can improve morbidity and mortality.
A Democratic Measure of Household Income Growth: Theory and Application to the United Kingdom
Authors: Aitken Andrew , Weale Martin
Published: December 2019

We show that when a nominal household income variable is constructed as the geometric mean of household income and is deflated using a price index whose weights are calculated as the average of each household's expenditure shares, the growth rate of the resulting volume indicator is the average of the growth rate of the real income of each household. This indicator, which treats the income growth experience of a high‐earning household the same as that of a low‐earning household, can be described as democratic. Conventional measures computed from arithmetic means of household incomes and deflated using indices based on aggregate expenditure shares are, in contrast, plutocratic, in the sense that the experience of high‐income households contributes more towards the growth in total income than does the experience of low‐income households. We show that in the UK over the interval 2005/6 to 2015/16, democratic real equivalized household income after housing costs grew by 0.20% per annum while the plutocratic equivalent grew by 0.52% per annum.
Early left atrial dysfunction is associated with suboptimal cardiovascular health
Authors: Ocaranza María Paz , Bambs Claudia , Salinas Manuel , Matamala Cristian , Garcia Lorena , Troncoso Rodrigo , Pedrozo Zully , Huidobro Andrea , Venegas Pia , Paredes Fabio , Giacaman Arturo , Zalaquett Ricardo , Chiong Mario , Verdejo Hugo E. , Ferreccio Catterina , Lavandero Sergio , Castro Pablo F. , Gabrielli Luigi
Published: December 2019

Aims

Two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography can assess left atrial (LA) function by measuring atrial volumes and deformation parameters (strain, strain rate). This cross‐sectional analysis explores the association between ideal CV health (CVH), LA function, and systemic biomarkers in healthy individuals from the Chilean MAUCO Cohort.

Methods

We enrolled 95 MAUCO participants with different levels of CVH (mean age: 51 ± 8 years). We categorized participants into low or high CVH groups: A: 0‐2, or B: 3‐6 CVH risk factors. 2D echocardiography, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, proBNP, hsCRP, insulin resistance index (HOMA), and right and left atrial strain (RASs and LASs, respectively) were determined.

Results

LASs was lower in Group A, while systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), insulin, HOMA, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LV and RV end‐diastolic volume were significantly higher in Group A than Group B (P < .01). Change in LASs was inversely correlated with insulin (P = .040), HOMA (P = .013), total cholesterol (P = .039), glycemia (P = .018), and BMI (P = .0.037).

Conclusion

LASs during the reservoir phase was diminished in subjects with a lower level of CVH. Higher insulin, HOMA, total cholesterol, glycemia, and BMI values were associated with decreased LA deformation during the reservoir phase. Morphofunctional alterations of the LA were also identified in the group with suboptimal CVH, as well as BP values in the range of hypertension. LA dysfunction in an asymptomatic population, along with metabolic syndrome, could be an early event in the continuum of CV damage.
Components of Legal Concepts: Quality of Law, Evaluative Judgement, and Metaphorical Framing of Article 8 ECHR
Authors: Slosser Jacob Livingston
Published: December 2019

This paper looks at the use of metaphor and its effect on the interpretation of the ‘quality of law’ in Art. 8 cases of the European Court of Human Rights. It demonstrates the Court's reproduction of specific metaphorical frames ‐ a finding consistent with the use of metaphor in judgment experiments in cognitive linguistics. The Court employs metaphors conceptually coherent with those used in their cited precedent, in their representation of the successful pleadings within their judgments and insists (implicitly) on different metaphors in dissent. This paper argues that the use of congruent metaphors may be indicative of metaphor as a contributing factor in how judges reason. In the least, it is a significantly understudied phenomenon and this paper provides evidence for the salience of its approach for understanding judicial reasoning.
Quantitative relationship between microstructure characteristics and fatigue parameters of A319 casting alloy
Authors: Ge Bin , Liu Xiaoshan , He Guoqiu , Le Peiwen , Wen Zhenzhen , Wang Qigui
Published: December 2019

This paper describes a microstructure‐based uniaxial strain‐controlled fatigue life prediction model applied to A319 aluminum alloy which is widely used in automobile industry. The materials made with different casting conditions are characterized and quantified in terms of secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), size, and aspect ratio of eutectic Si particles. Uniaxial low cycle fatigue tests have been performed on four groups of A319 alloy under different casting conditions in which cooling rate and Sr addition are variables. It is shown that the effect of various degrees of microstructure on the fatigue life and fatigue behavior is obvious. The first part of the paper is quantitatively characterizing the microstructure of samples to identify the influence of different casting conditions. With regard to mechanic properties, the tensile properties and fatigue behavior of samples are analyzed combining with microstructure. Finally, a microstructure‐based Manson‐Coffin‐Basquin model is proposed to predict fatigue life of Al‐Si alloy.
CogEvo, a cognitive function balancer, is a sensitive and easy psychiatric test battery for age‐related cognitive decline
Authors: Ichii Sadanobu , Nakamura Takumi , Kawarabayashi Takeshi , Takatama Masamitsu , Ohgami Tetsuya , Ihara Kazushige , Shoji Mikio
Published: December 2019

Aim

We examined whether a newly developed computer‐aided neuropsychiatric series of test, CogEvo, is necessary and sufficient for the evaluation of cognitive function in older people.

Methods

A total of 272 participants in worthwhile life activity for the prevention of decline in mobility and cognitive function were administered tests every week at 33 locations in Fukaura‐machi, Japan. Basic profile information, a Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), a CogEvo and a clock drawing test were used in the present study.

Results

Our results are summarized as: (i) the total score of the CogEvo and MMSE tests decreased significantly according to age and in age group analysis; (ii) scores from the CogEvo and MMSE tests showed a significant correlation; (iii) MMSE scores showed marked ceiling effects; (iv) analysis of cognitive domains, such as orientation, attention, memory and executive function, and spatial cognition using CogEvo showed significant age‐dependent impairment; (v) CogEvo discriminated three score groups of MMSE results with sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 60% in the <23 score group, 78% and 54% in the 24–26 score group, and 85% and 70% in the >27 score group, respectively; (vi) CogEvo memory tests reflected more detailed recall function than registration function; and (vii) CogEvo spatial cognition test results were correlated with test items of the MMSE and clock drawing tests.

Conclusions

CogEvo is an easy and potentially useful computer‐aided test battery that can be used to evaluate age‐related or pathological decline in cognitive function from middle age and in preclinical stages of dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; ••: ••–••.
Promoting oral HIV self‐testing via the internet among men who have sex with men in China: a feasibility assessment
Authors: Wang X , Tang Z , Wu Z , Nong Q , Li Y
Published: December 2019

Objectives

The HIV prevalence among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) is high, while the HIV testing rate is low. HIV self‐testing (HIVST) is a promising means of scaling up HIV testing among MSM in China, as the ability to test in private is appealing to many individuals. We evaluated the feasibility of promoting oral HIVST via the internet in the MSM population.

Methods

From April 2013 to April 2014, MSM in two major cities in China were recruited for an observational study with assessment at baseline and follow‐up. Data were collected via questionnaire, oral HIVST, and clinic‐based HIV confirmatory testing.

Results

A total of 510 MSM were recruited at baseline and 279 (54.7%) returned for a clinic follow‐up visit. Compared to MSM recruited via peer referral, those recruited via the internet were better educated, had a higher monthly income, sought and met male sex partners online more frequently, had less often tested or orally tested for HIV before, and being more likely to seek HIV knowledge or HIV intervention information online. The sensitivity of oral HIVST among MSM recruited via the internet was 92.9%, and the specificity was 96.8%. A total of 19.0% of MSM sought both male sex partners and HIV intervention programmes online. The associated factors were > 10 past male sex partners and ever testing for HIV using an oral self‐test kit. All MSM who were followed up re‐administered oral HIVST, yet fewer MSM recruited via the internet accepted blood retesting than other MSM.

Conclusions

Promoting oral HIVST via the internet could be a feasible and promising approach to facilitate HIV testing among MSM in China.
Internal Mobility and Family Commitment of Foreigners in Italy
Authors: Rimoldi S.M.L. , Barbiano di Belgiojoso E. , Terzera L.
Published: December 2019

The internal movements of migrants are less frequently studied than international migration, although they have important labour, social, welfare and immigrant policy implications. By assuming the family as the unit of analysis, this paper examines the mechanism of selection between the foreigners who move internally and who do not, in Italy. Hypotheses are that having a family, improved economic performance, incorrect information about the first location, and discrimination, increase the propensity to move. Data come from the Italian survey “Social Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizens” (Istat 2011–2012). Results of the models show that internal migration is positively associated with family commitment, scant knowledge of the first destination, and no welcoming network. The paper enlarges the literature by stressing the intertwines between internal and international migration and the family commitment as the main driver of internal mobility of foreigners in Italy.
Effects of photoelectric therapy on proliferation and apoptosis of scar cells by regulating the expression of microRNA‐206 and its related mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Song , Zhao Zhen‐Min , Xue Hong‐Yu , Nie Fang‐Fei
Published: December 2019

Human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells were irradiated with different energy lasers to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of microRNA‐206 and protein, and to further summarise the therapeutic effect of laser on scar cells. Human scar cell line HSF cells were cultured in three groups. The control group was not irradiated by laser, the low‐energy group was irradiated by 10 J/cm2 laser, and the high‐energy group was irradiated by 20 J/cm2 laser. After irradiation, HSF cells were cultured for 20 hours. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Transwell migration assay was used to detect cell migratory ability. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to detect miR‐206 and mTOR gene levels. The levels of MMP‐9, Bax, Bcl‐2, cyclin D1, and mTOR signalling pathway proteins were detected by Western blotting assays. The results showed that after laser irradiation, the proliferation of cells decreased, and the difference between the control group and the experimental group was significant (P < .05). The higher the energy was, the greater the upregulation of apoptosis was. Apoptosis and cell migration increased (P < .05). The expressions of microRNA‐206, MMP‐9, and Bax were upregulated, while the expressions of mTOR, Bcl‐2, and cyclin D1 were downregulated. To sum up, laser irradiation can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HSF cells, affect cell cycle, and increase cell apoptosis and migratory ability.
A decision‐making model for performance evaluation and profit sharing in a diagnostic laboratory network
Authors: Ghafari Someh Niloufar , Pishvaee Mir Saman , Sadjadi Seyed Jafar , Soltani Roya
Published: December 2019

Rationale, aims, and objectives

Creating networked business models is one of the innovative approaches that have the ability and potential for meeting market needs. The purpose of this study is to provide a decision‐making model for a fair profit sharing among the members of a diagnostic laboratory network while providing a distinctive value for the patients.

Methods

To identify the members of the network of laboratories, a suitable approach to calculate members' efficiency scores is proposed. Then, the network members are classified into three groups based on their performance scores. The three groups help administrators identify eligible members, members who need to improve their performance in order to meet the minimum requirements, and members who do not qualify for admission to the network. Since the performance of the members should play a significant role in the fair profit‐sharing mechanism, the fair allocation of profits among network members is done by the use of Shapely value based on the efficiency scores of members.

Results

The results show that for such a fair mechanism, the efficiency and sample size (the number of samples [blood and urine] taken from the patients by the laboratories), as the two effective factors, have a decisive role in the share of profit of laboratory units of the network. In the Laboratory Services Network, members receive a number of samples according to their performance. As a result, the sample size received has a direct impact on the net income of each member.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is evident that the use of Shapely value may help managers in the process of sharing profits among network members in a fair way, thereby improving network performance. In this way, incentive strategies may be created for the members of the network, and long‐term survival of the network may be achieved.
Employment and attendance in day care centres for people with mild intellectual disabilities – do age, gender, functional level or hospital admissions matter?
Authors: Engeland J. , Strand B. H. , Innstrand S. T. , Langballe E. M.
Published: December 2019

Background

Workforce inclusion is an important political goal in many countries. However, nearly 70% of Norwegians registered with mild intellectual disabilities (IDs) are not registered employed or attending in day care centres. This study investigates the association between age, gender, functional level and hospital admissions with employment or attendance in public financed, community‐based day care centres for adults with mild IDs in Norway.

Method

This study is based on data from a linkage of the national population‐based registries from 2013 to 2015: Statistics Norway (SSB), the Norwegian Information System for the Nursing and Care Sector (IPLOS) and the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR). The sample consisted of 2370 adults registered with a mild ID, receiving disability pension in Norway, aged 18–67 years. Binary and multinomial logistic analyses, adjusted for age, gender, functional level and hospital admissions, were performed.

Results

In 2015, 45.7% and 19.6% of the samples aged 20–31 and 52–63 years, respectively, were registered as employed or in day care centres. Participation in day care is a public service registered in IPLOS, which requires registration of functional level, while attendance in employment support is registered in SSB, where functional level is not registered. Compared with people registered with a high functional level, the probability of being employed or in day care centres was lower for people without registration of functional level. People with hospital admissions were less likely to be employed, especially if they had both psychiatric and somatic hospital admissions. People were less likely to attend day care and open employment only if they had a combination of both types of hospital admissions. Attendance in day care centres was less likely for men than women.

Conclusions

Older people with mild ID, without registered functional level (meaning not receiving public community‐based services) and with a history of hospital admissions were significantly less likely to be employed or participate in day care centres. The clear association between not being employed or attending day care centres and not having one's functional level registered implies there is a need for increased focus on how to enhance work participation among people with mild IDs who are not within the system of receiving public services.
Using Nudges to Promote Healthy Food Choices in the School Dining Room: A Systematic Review of Previous Investigations
Authors: Marcano‐Olivier Mariel I. , Horne Pauline J. , Viktor Simon , Erjavec Mihela
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

There is a growing interest in low‐cost interventions that modify obesogenic environments and encourage positive behavior change. We conducted a systematic review of studies that used behavioral nudges to promote a healthy school cafeteria environment.

METHODS

A literature search was conducted using 5 databases; of 381 papers noted, we included 25 and assessed them using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.

RESULTS

Most studies used relatively small, convenience samples and data collection methods that could not be described as robust, necessitating cautious interpretation of their results. A range of behavioral nudges were employed. Seventeen studies reported positive effects on children's selection and 11 studies reported improvements in their consumption of target foods, effected by changing the order of serving; increasing the convenience, attractiveness, and normativeness of selecting healthy options; increasing the variety available; and attractive target food labeling.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, this review identified the requirement for well‐designed and well‐controlled investigations into the effects of changing the choice architecture in school cafeterias, assessing short‐, medium‐, and long‐term changes in individual children's consumption, utilizing validated measures, and conducted across a variety of settings, including dining rooms of schools outside the United States.
Toward Trans Reproductive Justice: A Qualitative Analysis of Views on Fertility Preservation for Australian Transgender and Non‐binary People
Authors: Riggs Damien W. , Bartholomaeus Clare
Published: December 2019

This article draws on three Australian studies focused on views about fertility preservation among (1) parents of transgender and non‐binary children, (2) transgender and non‐binary adults, and (3) healthcare professionals working with transgender and non‐binary people. The first two studies were undertaken concurrently given the dearth of research on the topic in the Australian context, and the third study was then undertaken given a primary focus on healthcare professionals in responses to the first two studies. For the present article, a deductive thematic analysis framed by a reproductive justice lens was undertaken on qualitative data from each study. Findings from the first study suggest that while some parents may be supportive of their child's reproductive wishes, other parents may insist upon their child undertaking fertility preservation. In the second study, transgender and non‐binary adults emphasized that gamete retrieval may be framed in cisgenderist ways by healthcare professionals, and that professionals may endorse pronatalism. Finally, healthcare professionals reported normative views about gamete retrieval and framed fertility preservation as an “insurance policy.” This article concludes by considering what the findings have to suggest for the continued development of trans reproductive justice.
Paediatric clinicians' experiences of parental online health information seeking: A qualitative study
Authors: Shervington Lily , Wimalasundera Neil , Delany Clare
Published: December 2019

Aim

The aim of this research was to explore clinicians' experiences of parents' online health information seeking (OHIS) behaviour about selective dorsal rhizotomy for the management of cerebral palsy.

Methods

Using qualitative methodology, clinicians likely to have had experience with parents requesting selective dorsal rhizotomy were invited to participate in semi‐structured interviews. Interviews with 13 clinicians were recorded, transcribed and inductive content analysis was used to identify, code and organise the data into themes.

Results

Participants highlighted how parental OHIS was changing clinical communication. Negative effects included a shift in clinicians' attention from giving advice and guidance to spending time discussing online findings, justifying how this information applies to a particular child and managing parents' judgments about clinical views. Positive effects included more collaboration and sharing of ideas. These results are presented in three main themes: (i) the informed parent; (ii) the clinicians' role; and (iii) a new clinical dynamic.

Conclusion

This research reinforces the notion that OHIS is changing the communication dynamic and clinicians' and parents' roles within the clinical encounter. Of significance was the number of challenges clinicians are facing as a result of online information, including managing parental understanding of non‐evidenced information and responding to negative feedback about their practice. This research suggests a need for educational support and ongoing professional development for clinicians to assist them to adjust to new goals and expectations of clinical interactions with ‘informed’ parents.