bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable knowledge graph construction and inference on human genome variants
Authors:   , Prasanna Shivika
Published: November 2024

Harnessing the unlimited potential of RNA-sequencing data requires efficient and scalable solutions. In this research, we explore the power of knowledge graphs to analyze variant-level information extracted from RNA-sequences of COVID-19 patients. We propose a unified knowledge graph specifically tailored to the real-world relationships amongst entities obtained from Variant Call Format (VCF) files, annotated VCF files using the SnpEff tool, and associated CADD scores files while also maintaining a level of generality that permits future extrapolation and expansion. Utilizing available graph storage such as Blazegraph, we establish a large, scalable knowledge graph containing billions of nodes and edges that not only enables efficient storage, querying, and dataset creation but also serves as a foundation for several downstream tasks. To demonstrate its versatility, we present two compelling case studies using two different subsets of the graph, one containing 73 million nodes and 112 million edges and the other graph containing 1 million nodes and 2 million edges and employ graph machine learning techniques for node classification tasks. Several challenges, such as efficient scalability, capturing real-world knowledge at a large scale, and attaining a Graph Neural Network (GNN) with good performance and evaluation metrics, have been considered and dealt with. We compare two GNN models, GraphSAGE and Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), to identify the range of raw scores it can belong to and the GraphSAGE model to identify the deleteriousness of a variant using different model hyperparameter settings. Through the experiments conducted, we demonstrate that neighborhood knowledge can tremendously aid the model in learning and that the GraphSAGE model outperforms GCN for the CADD category node classification task. By seamlessly integrating a variety of RNA-seq genomic information into a coherent knowledge graph framework, our approach not only addresses the immediate challenges of accessing and parsing variant-level analysis but also lays the groundwork for future advancements using knowledge graphs in genomic research. Finally, we demonstrate the workings of our tool named VariantKG and present usage scenarios, namely, graph enrichment, graph creation, and graph machine learning and inference.
Confronting post COVID disciplinary policies : a qualitative case study of single sex all-male secondary education
Authors:   , Tricamo Amy Lynn
Published: November 2024

School disciplinary policies have struggled to accommodate the changing dynamics and needs in post Covid single sex institutions. The need for this research is significant, as discipline issues have increased in post Covid education, and males are uniquely dealing with behavioral and mental health related issues in the post Covid environment. To this date, there is a significant gap in research to address this specific and critical need. This dissertation employs a qualitative case study research approach to investigating post Covid disciplinary policies and behavior in an all-male high school academic environment in a midwest urban area. The literature explores and links the current behavioral needs in all-male educational institutions to the need for further research regarding discipline policies and practices in an all-male academic setting in 2023.. This study employed qualitative data collection by conducting surveys of teachers, an interview of an administrator in charge of discipline, and a focus group of administrator, teacher, and counselor that work closely with discipline policy and practices. Through the qualitative analysis and findings from the data collected, this study aims to contribute to effective disciplinary policies and practices in order to fully address the unique needs of adolescent males in a single sex educational environment. This will in turn enhance and better the overall learning environment in post Covid all-male educational environments.
A meta-analysis of behavioral and event predictors within 24 hours of suicide attempt
Authors:   , Valadka Jaclyn Sorelle
Published: November 2024

Despite much time, research, and resources dedicated to preventing suicide, the rates of suicide and suicide attempts in the United States are increasing. Progress in understanding and preventing suicide has been challenging because it is an extremely low base rate phenomenon. The vast majority of people who exhibit long-term risk factors and even short-term warning signs of suicide do not attempt or die by suicide. While existing studies on this topic have been synthesized through meta-analyses, their focus has largely been on identifying trait-like characteristics that may predict lifetime suicide attempt or death. Given the poor predictive ability of such long-term risk factors, coupled with the increasing rates of suicide and its societal impact, identification of shorter-term events and behaviors that warn of imminent suicide (i.e., over the next hours, days, weeks) is a public health imperative. The current study is a meta-analysis on the existent literature of behavioral and event warning signs that occurred within 24 hours of suicide attempt or death. The current search yielded 14 studies with 4992 total participants that met inclusion criteria from 19,545 references. The meta-analysis of included studies found that (1) the use of alcohol (OR = 4.16; 95 percent CI: 2.87, 6.04; p [less than] 0.001) and (2) the experience of a negative interpersonal life event (NLE; OR = 3.81; 95 percent CI: 2.83, 5.12; p [less than] 0.001) were each significantly associated with a suicide attempt in the following 24 hours. When these two broad categories were examined more closely, the following predictors are significantly associated with a suicide attempt in the subsequent 24 hours: heavy alcohol use ((OR = 11.79; 95 percent CI: 2.02, 68.95; p = 0.006), CNS depressant use (OR = 3.29; 95 percent CI: 1.41, 7.66; p = .006), a family NLE (OR = 3.70; 95 percent CI: 1.41, 9.69; p = 0.008), a marriage/love NLE (OR = 4.21; 95 percent CI: 3.09, 5.75; p [less than] 0.001), and a friend NLE (OR = 23; 95 percent CI: 3.11, 170.20; p = .002). These novel findings may help inform suicide prevention efforts by highlighting warning signs that an individual may be imminent risk of an attempt within the next day, thereby supporting the allocation of limited resources (e.g., increased monitoring and supervision, hospitalization, suicide prevention interventions) to those who are experiencing acute risk. Future research is needed to examine additional warning signs, to determine whether prediction can be further improved by combining both long-term risk factors and short-term warning signs, and to identify the most effective and efficient interventions for highest risk individuals.
Predictive analytics within the collegiate wrestling recruitment process
Authors:   , Mocco Peyton James
Published: November 2024

In this study, we dive into the world of sports analytics, specifically focusing on wrestling. By harnessing data-driven insights, we aim to revolutionize student-athlete recruitment and development. The research focuses on Folkstyle wrestling at the high school and collegiate levels, where performance data is collected and analyzed. A new prediction model offers a fresh perspective on identifying promising wrestlers. Through rigorous statistical analysis, the model uncovered key factors that correlate with success on the mat. These insights empower coaches, recruiters, and student-athletes alike, providing a competitive edge in talent acquisition. However, the journey does not end here. We acknowledge the limitations of the study--namely, its applicability to other wrestling styles such as Freestyle and Greco-Roman. As we move forward, we encourage fellow researchers to build upon the foundation, expanding data collection and refining predictive models. In conclusion, this thesis bridges the gap between sports and data science, opening doors to transformative practices in wrestling. This study enables us to redefine how champions are discovered and nurtured.
An image-text model for effective retrieval of seventeenth-century Spanish American notary records
Authors:   , Syamala Chandrasekhar
Published: November 2024

Historical manuscripts are rich in information but challenging to search due to their physical format (e.g., poor image quality) and varied handwriting. The existing work on handwritten documents has predominantly utilized traditional optical character recognition (OCR) techniques, which struggle with the varied and complex handwriting styles. In this thesis, we investigate the potential of an image-text model that captures the semantic similarities between image and text pairs, for effective retrieval of documents in the seventeenth-century Spanish American notary records containing diverse writing styles. We propose a new technique using OpenAI's Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) model, using contrastive learning to understand and match images and text through high-dimensional embeddings. We fine-tuned the CLIP model using a specialized dataset of handwritten Spanish words, curated and annotated by paleography experts, focusing on maximizing the alignment between image and text embeddings. This fine-tuning involved adjusting the model to capture the nuances of historical handwriting better. We employed the fine-tuned OCR model in KGSAR, a previous retrieval technique for the notary records, to detect and extract word patches and the corresponding text from the documents. The extracted words were then converted into embeddings using the fine-tuned CLIP model and stored in a database. During retrieval, the query keyword was also transformed into its embedding using the fine-tuned CLIP model. The database of embeddings was queried using similarity search to find the top-k matching documents. We compared our technique with KGSAR, which built a knowledge graph for retrieval. The matching documents output by both techniques were reviewed by a paleography expert to mark a document as relevant or irrelevant for each query keyword. Our technique outperformed KGSAR for top-5 matching documents. It achieved a mean average precision (mAP) score of 0.80 compared to 0.26 by KGSAR. Our findings demonstrate that an image-text embedding model can enable effective retrieval of the Spanish American notary records.
Small mammal responses to prairie reconstruction and prescribed burns
Authors:   , Wimms Chantelle Marietta
Published: November 2024

As prairie reconstructions become more relevant, we must understand the impact of reconstruction and a common prairie management practice, prescribed burning, on small mammals. It is believed that small mammals may recover at different times after reconstruction or burning based on a vegetative cover threshold specific to each species. The goal of this study was to investigate whether small mammal abundance is affected by vegetation using deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), and prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). I first determined whether vegetation functional groups were affected by prescribed burns or reconstruction using vegetation species richness, Shannon H diversity, and percent cover. An Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was also used to determine whether changes in vegetation cover for each functional group influence small mammal abundance. Findings suggest vegetation was affected by restoration and prescribed fires. Shannon H diversity and richness were higher for the remnant prairie and generally increased with time postfire. Reconstruction had similar effects as fire, though less pronounced. Fire and reconstruction had little effect on small mammals and no vegetational functional group was found to influence small mammal abundance. There was also evidence of potential competition between grasses and forbs. I recommend burning more frequently as the effects of prescribed fires weaken at around two years.
Explainable linguistic characterizations of black boxes
Authors:   , Alvey Brendan
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] Recent breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have led to incredible new products and systems built off of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT. Linguistic models have the potential to communicate results much more effectively than graphical visualizations alone. Despite their undeniable power and usefulness, LLMs often hallucinate answers which makes them unsuitable for critical applications. This dissertation first presents work showing how advances in simulation and AI are used to improve explosive hazard detection (EHD) models. It then shows how to characterize those models through graphical visualizations. Next, a method for constructing accurate and deterministic linguistic summaries of black box (BB) models is developed and demonstrated on the EHD problem. Lastly, this foundation is extended to compare multiple BB systems. This opens the door for automated and explainable comparisons of BB, which could be used to make self-improving, closed-loop AI systems.
AI methods in unraveling EHR complexity for predicting diabetic complications
Authors:   , Islam Humayera
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] This dissertation presents a comprehensive exploration of predictive modeling for diabetesrelated complications using advanced machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies based on electronic health records (EHR) data. Phase I of the study addresses the challenges of data-sharing among healthcare systems by leveraging federated learning and transfer learning architectures, ensuring privacy protection while constructing robust predictive models. Notably, Phase II of the dissertation shifts towards harnessing the BERT framework's capabilities for EHR-specific complexities, proposing the taskoriented- predictive (Top)-BERT model. This model is uniquely designed for end-to-end training and evaluation on single-center EHR data, optimizing the predictive tasks for multiple complications simultaneously. The research underscores the obstacles posed by patient privacy laws and proprietary data rights that inhibit conventional data sharing and model sharing approaches. This study investigates whether BERT's capabilities can yield valuable predictions in a single medical center's dataset. The findings suggest that BERT can indeed manage EHR-specific complexities and provide interpretable predictions. Integrated Gradients (IG) is utilized to enhance the explainability of the models, offering clinically significant feature attributions. Moreover, Phase II investigates the integration of numerical features, such as blood pressure measurements and lab test values, into the BERT model to augment its predictive power for diabetic complications. These numerical features are considered crucial predictors in the augmentation process. The dissertation contributes to the field by advancing the understanding of ML and AI applications in predicting diabetes complications, and it addresses the pressing need for privacy-preserved, robust predictive models. Through its novel use of AI techniques such as federated learning and transfer learning, the research sets a new precedent for future studies, facilitating the use of expansive, multi-institutional EHR datasets while safeguarding patient privacy. Additionally, contributions from Phase II introduce an innovative approach utilizing the task-oriented-predictive (Top)-BERT model, which tailors end-to-end training and evaluation to single-center EHR data, improving the prediction of multiple complications simultaneously and integrating crucial numerical features. This phase exemplifies the potential of AI to incorporate a broader range of clinical data, pushing the boundaries of predictive accuracy and model interpretability in healthcare.
The vascular response to hypoxia and sympathetic activation : sex differences and the role of [beta]-adrenergic receptors and nitric oxide
Authors:   , Jacob Dain Ward
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] During hypoxia, systemic sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity is increased but peripheral vasodilation prevails -- suggesting vasodilatory factors outweigh sympathetically-mediated vasoconstrictor influences in the healthy state. Prior data from our lab show when the sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity is increased with exogenous stimulation, the vasoconstrictor response during hypoxia is blunted in females but not males. [beta]-adrenergic receptors both contribute to hypoxic vasodilation and have been reported to blunt sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction. [beta]-adrenergic receptors have also been shown to mediate greater dilation in females and arteries from females have greater vascular expression relative to males. We hypothesized pharmacological blockade of [beta]-adrenergic receptors would blunt hypoxic dilation and augment the vasoconstrictor response to acute sympathetic activation during hypoxia and this effect would be greater in females relative to males. Participants were studied twice in a randomized, placebo-controlled fashion undergoing two trials per visit: 1) steady state hypoxia and 2) steady state hypoxia and concomitant cold pressor test to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. In agreement with our hypothesis, under [beta]-adrenergic blockade, we observed a significantly greater attenuation of hypoxic dilation in females, with no effect in males. In contrast to our hypothesis, [beta]-adrenergic blockade during hypoxia had no effect on sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction, in males or females. These data advance our understanding of sympathetic vascular regulation in the context of hypoxia and may have clinical implications in conditions where hypoxia is observed (i.e., sleep apnea, COVID-19, heart failure).
Embodying an ethic of empathy : journalism's intersection with victims' families, survivors, and community members impacted by the mass shooting in Uvalde, Texas
Authors:   , Krantz Lisa
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] This dissertation explores the interactions that victims' families, survivors, and members of the community have with journalists after mass shootings that thrust private citizens into [EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] Two additional interviews were conducted with people who worked in a counseling capacity in Uvalde, bringing the total number of participants to 49. As a theoretical framework, I used an "ethic of empathy" (Blank-Libra, 2017, p. 13) as a lens to seek knowledge and understanding of these experiences impacting both the people experiencing the traumatic event and journalists. I also sought knowledge of how trust and relationships were built between the groups in the months after the shooting for long-term, in-depth journalism. I asked if embracing an ethic of empathy as a journalistic norm minimizes harm, and my findings show that it does. Despite some experiences that were perceived as harmful with journalists, primarily in the immediate aftermath, my findings show many journalists built trust and relationships through an ethic of empathy, care, compassion, and patience for intimate and nuanced storytelling beyond the breaking news headlines.
Investigating potential effects of the agricultural contaminants nitrogen and copper on high-elevation lake ecosystems in Sequoia National Park, California
Authors:   , Ruso Gabrielle
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] Benthic algae blooms in remote mountain lakes are an emerging concern, but there are many questions regarding what factors influence this phenomenon. In Sequoia National Park in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, previous research has shown that atmospheric deposition of the macronutrient nitrogen can increase algae growth. Drift modeling also indicates that this region likely receives deposition of copper, a micronutrient, from nearby agricultural pesticide use. As such, we designed a series of studies in the Tokopah Basin with the following objectives: 1) quantify concentrations of nitrogen and copper in high elevation lakes, and evaluate relationships with landscape variables and periphyton growth metrics, 2) investigate the potential for nitrogen and copper to fuel periphyton growth and modify community structure using an in-situ experiment, and 3) evaluate interactions of copper with Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla) tadpole development. We observed spatiotemporal trends in nitrogen and copper concentrations in lake media, but no detectable effect of these elements on periphyton growth. However, our in situ experimental study revealed that greater copper concentrations reduced periphyton growth and diversity, and that nitrogen and copper worked interactively to alter the algae community. Finally, we found that copper concentrations in tadpoles declined as they developed. This research provides baseline copper concentration and periphyton growth data for future studies, evidence that high nitrogen and low copper concentrations can promote the abundance of specific benthic algae taxa of concern, and evidence that developing tadpoles are unlikely to accumulate and transport copper from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems.
Exploring influences of sense of belonging among staff of identity centers
Authors:   , Sardis Katryna Rachel
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] The world of academia heavily focuses on a sense of belonging, research surrounding students is flourishing, and academic programs are following. Research and practice focusing on staff's sense of belonging are minimally studied. Especially given the current political climate on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) education, exploring positions within this field is imperative. This study aims to explore the influences of a sense of belonging among the staff of university identity centers--an identity center is a student-centered office designated to develop identity and culturespecific content. The data for this study was collected through a demographic survey and virtual semi-structured interview with eight staff members of identity-based centers. Interview transcripts were analyzed and found to fall within four themes based on Strayhorn's (2019) and Schlossberg's (1989) theories surrounding a sense of belonging: identity, the value of mattering, flexibility, and motivation. All themes are interconnected and showcase potential opportunities for a positive sense of belonging and potential threats towards a sense of belonging, which were generated into subthemes for each original theme. Participants addressed different influences that contributed to their sense of belonging, showcasing the extremes of mental health distress to flourishing in their position. Political influences surrounding DEI policy changes on campus played a significant role in the participant's responses. These findings indicate the need for changes in current policies and practices surrounding staff environments and further research regarding staff's sense of belonging.
A case study to develop an adaptive ski jacket for alpine recreational sit skier -- user-centered design method
Authors:   , Wu Jia
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] This study aims to develop an adaptive ski jacket tailored for alpine recreational sit skiers through a user-centered design approach. The research integrates 3D body scanning and virtual simulation to tailor designs that address the unique needs of sit skiers. Employing case study and qualitative interview research methods, data was collected from a series of semi-structured interviews and observations of a case study participant and six qualitative interview participants, enabling an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the physical and social-psychological apparel comfort requirements. Key findings suggest that the integration of a user-centered design framework, clothing comfort model, and 3D technologies significantly enhances the fit, comfort, and functionality of the ski jacket, contributing positively to the mobility and overall skiing experience of sit skiers. This research contributes to the fields of fashion design and adaptive clothing by demonstrating how advanced technology and a deep understanding of user needs lead to more effective apparel solutions for people with disabilities. It also proposes recommendations for future research and potential industry applications, emphasizing the importance of inclusivity and accessibility in activewear design.
Facile method for chemical vapor deposition of graphene under industrially safe conditions
Authors:   , Spies Martin
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] An experimental study was conducted to evaluate graphene deposition using a simple APCVD system. Low-cost Cu foil served as the catalytic substrate, facilitating graphene growth via methane decomposition at 1030 [degrees] C. Gas concentrations were maintained below their lower explosive limit to ensure safe processing conditions suitable for industrial production. An engineering approach was employed to enhance deposition quality and efficiency by increasing the deposition rate through optimized gas-phase fluid dynamics. Minimal Cu foil pre-treatment was implemented to support industrial-scale graphene growth using R2R manufacturing. The effects of various annealing times and backside oxidation of Cu foil were examined as a method for producing high-quality graphene efficiently. Results indicated the deposition of SLG, BLG, and FLG of varying quality across all samples. Higher hydrogen etching effects were noted for graphene flakes with more layers. Sample S8-BSO yielded the highest-quality single-layer graphene films, as evidenced by Raman peak intensities (I2D/IG [greater than or equal to] 2) and SEM imaging.
Covid-19 Deneyiminde Bilişsel Çarpıtmalar Ve Yaşam Doyumunun İncelenmesi
Authors: Özkan Beyza , Çetinkaya Bünyamin
Published: November 2024

Bilişsel çarpıtma ve yaşam doyumu pek çok unsurdan etkilenebilen ve aynı zamanda insanların yaşam kalitelerini de önemli derecede etkileyebilen iki faktördür. Bu faktörleri etkileyen önemli olaylardan biri de 2020 yılının başlarından itibaren dünya gündemine gelen COVID-19 virüsünün neden olduğu pandemi dönemidir. Öyle ki, COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle tüm dünyada insanların yaşam biçimlerinin değişmek zorunda kaldığı ve her yaştaki bireylerin bilişsel çarpıtma düzeylerinin yükselip, yaşam doyum düzeylerinin azaldığı düşünülmektedir. Bundan hareketle, bu araştırmada COVID-19 pandemisinde bilişsel çarpıtmalar ve yaşam doyumunu incelenmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama tekniği kullanılmış ve Türkiyede yaşayan 20- 60 yaş aralığında bulunan katılımcılara ulaşılmıştır. Kartopu örnekleme yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen araştırmada, “Google Form” kullanılarak araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 807 kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Katılımcıların 492’si kadın, 315’i erkeklerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında kullanılan verilere “Genel Bilgi Formu”, “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği” ve “Bilişsel Çarpıtma Ölçeği” ile ulaşılmıştır.
Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların cinsiyetine göre, bilişsel çarpıtma düzeyleri ve yaşına göre, yaşam doyumu düzeyleri arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. Yaşam doyum düzeyleri ile bilişsel çarpıtma düzeyleri arasında negatif yönde ilişki saptanmıştır. COVID-19 hastalığına yakalanma durumuna göre, bilişsel çarpıtma ölçeği alt boyutlarından çaresizlik alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ulaşılan veriler kapsamında, bireylere yönelik psikolojik ve eğitsel destek çalışmalarının yapılması, toplumsal farkındalığın arttırılması önerilmektedir.
Ziya Gökalp'in Düşüncelerinin Felsefi Pozisyonu Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Ünal Mehmet Fatih
Published: November 2024

Felsefi olarak, Batı modernleşmesinin kurucu babaları olarak görülebilecek Descartes ve Kant'tan yüzyıllar sonra hala, modernleşme; ilmi hayatın en dikkat çekici konularından biri olmaya devam etmektedir. Artık tartışma, genelden özele hareket etmiş ve toplumların müstakil modernleşme serüvenlerine odaklanmıştır. Bu noktada Türk modernleşmesi, Tanzimat'tan başlayarak, Meşrutiyet ve Cumhuriyet ile devam eden, Türk siyasal ve sosyal hayatının büyük dönüşümlerinin eşliğinde; Türk aydınlarının bazılarınca bir kurtarıcı, bazılarınca bir sorun, bazılarınca da bir sonuç olarak görülmüştür. Türk modernleşmesinin, entelektüellerin mütalaalarında yer edip yoğunlaştığı dönemler, aynı zamanda sanayi inkılabı, ekonomik büyüme, askeri sıçramalar, siyasi gelişmeler ve değişimlerin sonuçlarının hissedildiği dönemlerle paralellik gösterir. I. Meşrutiyetin ilan edildiği yıl dünyaya gelen ve Cumhuriyetin ilanından hemen sonra hayata gözlerini kapayan Ziya Gökalp ise tam bu tartışmaların ortasında, ilmi kişiliğini oluşturmuştur. Ziya Gökalp'te 'muasırlaşmak' çok temel bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıksa da o, istikametimizi ve fikriyatımızı tümüyle Batı'ya çevirmemiz gerektiğini savunan birçok fikir insanıyla aynı kanıyı taşımaz. Biz de çalışmamızda, Ziya Gökalp'in; yaşadığı dönemin duygu ve düşünce karmaşasında boğulmadan, özgün bir yaklaşım geliştirebildiği düşüncesi ve müstakil ve orijinal bir Türk felsefesinin olanağına kapı araladığı sezisiyle, görüşlerini ele alacağız. Ziya Gökalp'in görüşlerini serimledikten sonra, ortaya koyduğu düşünsel performansın, gerçekten felsefi ve gerçekten özgün bir düşünce geleneğinin önceli olup olmadığı değerlendirmesi; mütevazı çalışmamızın odağını teşkil edecektir.
Penyerangan terhadap Pasukan UNIFIL oleh Israel dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional
Authors: Veriandy Mochamad Valri , Abidin Alie Zainal , Cahyandari Dewi
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini menganalisis penyerangan terhadap pasukan UNIFIL di Libanon Selatan pada 10 Oktober 2024 dari perspektif hukum internasional. Insiden tersebut mengakibatkan cedera pada dua personel asal Indonesia dan merusak fasilitas misi. Studi ini menegaskan bahwa serangan tersebut melanggar Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel (1994) serta dapat dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan perang menurut Statuta Roma. Selain itu, serangan ini juga melanggar prinsip hukum humaniter internasional, seperti prinsip pembedaan dan proporsionalitas. Kendala penegakan hukum mencakup keterbatasan kapasitas negara tuan rumah, keterlibatan aktor non-negara seperti Hizbullah, dan dinamika politik di Dewan Keamanan PBB. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, studi kasus, dan analisis konseptual untuk memahami kerangka hukum internasional dan mekanisme perlindungan pasukan perdamaian. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan efektivitas misi PBB dan perlindungan hukum bagi personel perdamaian
Women's Empowerment through Umi Shohib's Home Industry Soy Milk Business to Improve the Welfare of Housewives in Deli Tua District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra
Authors: Abus Nurul Adilla Alatas , Rahmah Yulia Nur , Seniati  , Berlianti
Published: November 2024

Gender inequality is a complex problem because it affects an individual's chances of getting a job. It is difficult for women to find work compared to men, making tough and creative women try home industry businesses to continue to carry out their role as housewives. Umi Shobib's soy milk business is an example of a home industry business by women. This business owner has unknowingly empowered women among housewives near his house. This article describes the feasibility of home industry businesses as a form of women's empowerment. The research location is in Deli Tua District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data was then analyzed using SWOT analysis to see the feasibility of home industry businesses as a form of empowering women and supporting their development. The research results show that empowering women through home industry businesses is quite effective because housewives who find it difficult to find work can increase their independence through working in home industry businesses. The problem experienced by Umi Shohib's soy milk as a home industry business is the lack of knowledge of how to use machines to make soy milk into UHT packaged milk so that it lasts longer. This problem shows that women's empowerment still requires professional experts to act as brokers to help connect clients with professional experts.
VolcTopoDeformation
Authors: Campbell Megan , Furst Severine , Urlaub Merlia
Published: November 2024

Implementation of Nikkhoo and Walter (2015) Triangular Dislocation software for volcano deformation problems. These scripts combine adjacent triangular elements to represent magmatic bodies in the subsurface and a topographic surface to compute the resultant deformation field
An Enhancement of Grid Integration in Renewable Energy Systems Using Multi- Objective Multi-Verse Optimization
Authors: Abdul Nabi Mullan , Kumari J. Surya
Published: November 2024

Going by the recent trends, the application of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) has grown significantly across the world. Still, the integration of grid with photovoltaic (PV), wind and battery, remains a critical challenge as it results into power quality issues. To address the increasing need for electricity caused by industrialization and growing population, hybrid PV, wind, and battery combinations are used in this study. To accomplish an optimal energy management, this research proposes the multi- objective multi-verse optimization (MOMVO) approach, along with the modified perturb and observe (MP&O) technique. The proposed MOMVO-MP&O controller operates between the wind turbine and the battery storage system, for providing optimal power distribution and stability. The suggested model is evaluated alongside three other popular controller combinations that are, multi-verse optimization-perturb and observe (MVO-P&O), MVO-MP&O, and MOMVO-P&O. A comparative analysis is conducted, with existing methods namely, Modified-Fuzzy Direct Power Control (MF-DPC) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) also. From the analyzed results of this comparison, the proposed MOMVO-MP&O achieves lesser Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of 1.86%, which demonstrates its efficiency in addressing power quality issues using hybrid RES systems.
DESIGN OF TAPERED WIND TURBINE USING VARIOUS NACA 24112 AIRFOILS IN SEMAYAN VILLAGE CENTRAL LOMBOK REGENCY
Authors: Tira Hendry Sakke , Zulfikar Muhammad Ponco
Published: November 2024

This research focuses on designing and optimizing a tapered wind turbine employing NACA 24112 airfoils, specifically tailored for Semayan Village in Central Lombok West Nusa Tenggara province. Given the escalating global energy demand and the depletion of fossil fuels, the study aims to explore alternative energy solutions. The chosen horizontal axis turbine, equipped with an increased number of blades, seeks to maximize the power coefficient and overall efficiency. The NACA airfoil model, coupled with Q-Blade v0.963 software, was employed for simulations after conducting wind speed measurements in Semayan Village. The collected data indicated moderate wind speeds, aligning with the selection of the Taper blade design. The blade design process involved comprehensive system efficiency calculations and twist angle optimizations to enhance overall turbine performance and extend its lifespan. Rotor simulations revealed a noteworthy peak in the power coefficient (Cp), reaching 45% at Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) 7, indicating an optimal point for power generation. However, the study emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate TSR, as efficiency diminishes at higher TSR values. This research highlights the potential of wind energy as a viable and sustainable solution, particularly for regions with limited access to electricity. It advocates for the broader adoption of renewable energy sources to address the evolving energy landscape.
KAJI EKSPERIMEN PERBAIKAN CACAT RONGGA BENDA CORAN MATERIAL FC 250 MELALUI PROSES PENGELASAN BERBASIS ELEKTRODA NIKEL
Authors: Hidayat Reza Yadi , Soetopo Antonius Adi , Muslim Dede Buchori , Nahrowi Muhammad , Khairani Syifa
Published: November 2024

Berdasarkan studi kasus dilapangan ditemukan produk hasil pengecoran yang mengalami cacat permukaan berupa rongga dan kemudian dilakukan perbaikan dengan metoda pengelasan berbasis elektroda nikel. Perbaikan ini dilakukan untuk menutup cacat rongga sehingga didapatkan bentuk benda coran yang sempurna. Material yang telah dilakukan proses pengelasan memiliki kekerasan yang berbeda dengan base materialnya sehingga menyulitkan dalam proses pemesinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh pengelasan terhadap kemampuan material besi tuang kelabu yang dilakukan pengelasan ditinjau dari aspek keausan cutting tools dan chip formation. Sampel yang digunakan berbahan besi tuang kelabu yang diberi kampuh las pada permukaannya. Pengelasan menggunakan elektroda nikel CIN-1 dengan metode pengelasan SMAW (shielded metal arc welding). Pemotongan dilakukan dengan proses milling konvensional menggunakan dovetail cutter HSS. Pengamatan dilakukan melalui pengujian kekerasan pada base material, PMZ (partially melted zone), dan weld metal yang dilanjutkan dengan pengujian struktur mikro, pengukuran keausan serta chip yang terbentuk. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan material FC 250 yang dilakukan proses pengelasan pada based material terlihat struktur mikro yang terbentuk berupa perlit dengan grafit berupa flake (serpih) yang tipis dan panjang. Struktur mikro pada PMZ terbentuk martensit dan karbida, sedangkan struktur mikro pada weld metal terdiri dari matriks austenit dengan persebaran partikel grafit yang merata. Struktur mikro yang terbentuk mempengaruhi nilai kekerasan pada material. Dari pengamatan, kekerasan antara weld metal dan based material tidak jauh berbeda yaitu 219 HV dan 224 HV. Kekerasan pada PMZ sebesar 385 HV.
PENGUJIAN CUTTER ENDMILL HSS DIAMETER 12 MM DENGAN PEMOTONGAN DEPT OF CUT TERHADAP BAJA AMUTIT DI MESIN MILLING LAGUN FU 100 (LFR 25)
Authors: Adi S. Antonius Adi S Thopo , Diratama Mohamad Yazid , Daniswara Wandi
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze the relationship between machining parameters and tool wear (flank wear) in the milling process of amutite steel (SKS3) using a 12 mm diameter High-Speed Steel (HSS) endmill cutter. The machining parameters studied included cutting speed (Vc = 14 m/min and 18 m/min), feed rate (F = 30 mm/min and 75 mm/min), and depth of cut (Doc = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mm). The linear regression method was used to build a mathematical model relating these parameters to tool wear. Experimental data were obtained through a series of machining tests with predetermined parameter variations. The regression analysis results showed that tool wear or flank wear (Vb) was significantly affected by cutting speed (Vc), feed rate (F), and depth of cut (Doc), with constant and exponent values obtained through logarithmic transformation and regression analysis. The regression model obtained has a good level of accuracy in predicting tool wear, although there is a difference between the theoretical and actual Vb values. This discrepancy may be caused by factors not measured in the experiment, such as variations in workpiece material or environmental conditions. This research also provides that the 12 mm diameter HSS endmill cutter is proven to be capable of carrying out the depth-of-cutting process on amutite steel material in the Lagun FU 100 milling machine with the specified depth-of-cut.
Centrality in Collaboration: Community Detection for Oncology Researchers
Authors: Smith Benjamin , Pittman Tyler , Xu Wei
Published: November 2024

Background: Cancer patients who do not respond to standard treatments often become candidates for clinical trials. It is known that the collaboration networks between oncologists is a primary factor for further engagement in subsequent trial enrollment. Social network analysis (SNA) and community detection algorithms can be used to explore collaboration patterns using data from the Princess Margaret Clinical Research Record and Cancer Registry.  
Objectives: The data consists of 2970 patients in 515 clinical trials between January 2016 to December 2018. We are interested in the referral patterns among patients enrolled in multiple trials. Among 389 patients enrolled in more than one of 288 trials, we aim to identify collaboration networks based on intervention type.  
Methods: We applied community detection algorithms, including Girvan-Newman and Louvain, and compared them to an author-developed algorithm that utilizes degree centrality and directionality in participant enrollments to identify influential interventions. Community detection was assessed by superimposing sociograms and visualizing the contrast between the in-degree/out-degree distribution of participant enrollments.  
Results: Application of Girvan Newman, which incorporates edge betweenness but not degree centrality, and Louvain, which does not consider directionality, did not yield informative structure for oncology collaboration networks. The algorithm developed by the authors found intuitively descriptive communities that were supported by the sociograms and visualized in-degree/out-degree distribution.  
Conclusions: SNA approaches utilizing a combination of degree centrality and edge betweenness can interpret oncology collaboration networks. With this perspective, it is possible to delve deeper into patient engagement and improve the organizational design of clinical trial referrals.
Semiparametric Inference for Two-Phase Studies with Ordinal Outcomes
Authors: Fahimi Mohammad Reza , Mitani Aya , Espin-Garcia Osvaldo
Published: November 2024

Background: The two-phase design is an increasingly used approach in health research. In Phase 1, broad data are collected on a large sample size, and in Phase 2, the correlation of auxiliary variables with an expensive variable is used to select a small but more informative sample.  
Objectives: Previous research on two-phase design has primarily focused on binary, continuous, and time-to-event outcomes. Recognizing the lack of research on ordinal outcomes, we propose a novel approach for three logit models with proportional odds: cumulative logit (CL), adjacent category (AC), and stopping ratio (SR). Additionally, we examine the validity of our method through four simulation scenarios with various outcome distributions.  
Methods: We have developed a semiparametric maximum likelihood model to incorporate Phase 1 data. An expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm was used to obtain the estimates while the Louis method was employed to calculate the covariance matrix. We compare the results estimated by our method with those obtained using only Phase 2 data under both simple random sampling and balanced outcome-dependent sampling (ODS).  
Results: In all experiments, balanced ODS led to reduced bias and higher relative efficiency, and the advantage was more noticeable with higher variability in sampling probability between the outcome categories. The EM method led to improved results in balanced ODS for the CL and SR models, but it was not as effective for the AC model.  
Conclusions: These findings suggest the efficacy of our method in incorporating Phase 1 data to enhance the quality of statistical estimates when used with balanced ODS.
What’s Your Aging Story? How Digital Storytelling Can Change the Way We Look at Aging.
Authors: Goonasekera Michelle , Goonasekera Shanuki
Published: November 2024

Ageism has far-reaching consequences on the health of older individuals, affecting multiple dimensions of well-being. It not only reduces life expectancy but also has detrimental effects on physical and mental health. Furthermore, ageism amplifies feelings of social isolation and loneliness while restricting older people's access to employment, education, and healthcare services, all of which play a significant role in determining overall health. As the global population ages, addressing ageism becomes increasingly important. Digital storytelling can be a powerful tool to dismantle ageism by amplifying stories of aging, challenging stereotypes, and increasing education and awareness while reaching a large audience.  
The Age Collective, an online platform, was developed to share diverse stories of aging, encompassing both challenges and triumphs across different age groups in order to raise awareness of and dismantle ageism. 
We recruited participants through word of mouth in Edmonton, Alberta and the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario. We conducted interviews using audio or video equipment. Interview questions were tailored to the participant to reveal their unique story. Participants were also photographed. These interviews were condensed into short stories or videos with participant input and published on the project’s Instagram page (@theagecollective), YouTube (@TheAgeCollective) and website (theagecollective.com). Educational infographics on aging and ageism were also created and shared on Instagram.
From Feb 2022 - Aug 2024, we have shared stories from 33 participants and created 27 educational infographics. We have 930 followers and received 4,272 likes on the Instagram page. The website, established in June 2023, has achieved a unique viewership of 1,562 in the past 30 days. 
In the digital age, initiatives like digital storytelling can reach global audiences, crossing cultural barriers and sparking international movements. By sharing personal aging stories, digital storytelling can humanize aging, dismantle ageism, and foster connections across generations in order to positively affect the health and well-being of older adults.
“It’s a Low-key Thing of Eugenics”: Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening and Disability Reproductive Justice for People with Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liu Kyara , Brown Hilary K , Rego Alexandra , Ogbonna Nkem , Evans Meredith
Published: November 2024

Breast and cervical cancer screening is essential to the sexual and reproductive health of women and transgender people, resulting in reduced cancer incidence, improved outcomes, and lower mortality risk. However, previous studies have found lower rates of cancer screening among people with disabilities compared to those without disabilities, and increased rates of adverse associated outcomes, including later-stage cancer diagnosis and lower survival rates (Cuypers et al., 2022; Hughes et al., 2022). As such, this paper aims to mobilize the disability reproductive justice framework as a relevant lens for examining disparities in breast and cervical cancer screening that have a detrimental impact on people with disabilities. A mixed deductive and inductive approach was used to analyze 32 interviews with people who self-identified as having a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual and/or developmental disability. This study was grounded in community- based research and was guided by peer researchers with lived experiences of disability and community partners. Our findings revealed that disparities in breast and cervical cancer screening for disabled women are present and ongoing. Themes that emerged included intersectional injustices, inaccessible spaces and systems, barriers to the right to reproductive health care, lack of autonomy and self-determination, and recommendations from people with disabilities. We conclude that this inaccessibility to cancer screening is a form of modern-day eugenics. The lack of accommodation for people with disabilities and recognition of them as sexual beings has contributed to these evident health inequities. While cancer screening services were delayed and disrupted for the entire population during COVID-19, there needs to be a consideration for the heightened vulnerability of this group, as well as the existing marginalization that creates barriers to access in the first place.