bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N and P as ultimate and proximate limiting nutrients in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Implications for hypoxia reduction strategies
Authors: Fennel Katja , Laurent Arnaud
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The occurrence of hypoxia in coastal oceans is a growing problem worldwide and clearly linked to anthropogenic nutrient inputs. While the need for reducing anthropogenic nutrient loads is generally accepted, it is costly and thus requires scientifically sound nutrient-reduction strategies. Issues under debate include the relative importance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and the magnitude of reduction requirements. The largest anthropogenically induced hypoxic area in North American coastal waters (of 15,000 ± 5,000 km2) forms every summer in the northern Gulf of Mexico where the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers deliver large amounts of freshwater and nutrients to the shelf. A 2001 plan for reducing this hypoxic area by nutrient management in the watershed called for a reduction of N loads. Evidence of P limitation during the time of hypoxia formation has arisen since then, and has opened up the discussion about single versus dual nutrient reduction strategies for this system. Here we report the first systematic analysis of the effects of single and dual nutrient load reductions from a spatially explicit physical-biogeochemical model for the northern Gulf of Mexico. The model has been shown previously to skillfully represent the processes important for hypoxic formation. Our analysis of an ensemble of simulations with stepwise reductions in N, P and N&P loads provides insight into the effects of both nutrients on primary production and hypoxia, and allows us to estimate what nutrient reductions would be required for single and dual nutrient reduction strategies to reach the hypoxia target. Our results show that, despite temporary P limitation, N is the ultimate limiting nutrient for primary production in this system. Nevertheless, a reduction in P load would reduce hypoxia because primary production in the region where density stratification is conducive to hypoxia development, but reduction in N load have a bigger effect. Our simulations show that, at present loads, the system is saturated with N, in the sense that the sensitivity of primary production and hypoxia to N load is much lower than it would be at lower N loads. We estimate that reduction of 63 % ± 18 % in total N load or 48 % ± 21 % in total N&P load are necessary to reach a hypoxic area of 5,000 km2, which is consistent with previous estimates from statistical regression models and highly simplified mechanistic models.
Changes in tropical cyclones under stabilized 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming scenarios as simulated by the Community Atmospheric Model under the HAPPI protocols
Authors: Wehner Michael F. , Reed Kevin A. , Loring Burlen , Stone Dáithí , Krishnan Harinarayan
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) invited the scientific community to explore the impacts of a world where anthropogenic global warming is stabilized at only 1.5 °C above preindustrial average temperatures. We present a projection of future tropical cyclone statistics for both 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C stabilized warming scenarios by direct numerical simulation using a high resolution global climate model. As in similar projections at higher warming levels, we find that even at these low warming levels the most intense tropical cyclones becomes more frequent and more intense, while simultaneously the frequency of weaker tropical storms is decreased. We also conclude that in the 1.5 °C stabilization, the effect of aerosol forcing changes complicates the interpretation of greenhouse gas forcing changes.
Assessments of the north hemisphere snow cover response to 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming
Authors: Wang Aihui , Xu Lianlian , Kong Xianghui
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The 2015 Paris Agreement has initialed a goal to pursue the global-mean temperature below 1.5 °C, and well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. As an important surface hydrology variable, the response of snow under different warming levels has not been well investigated. The community earth system model (CESM) project towards 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming targets, combined with CESM large Ensemble project (CESM-LE) brings an opportunity to address this issue. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of snow cover fraction (SCF) and snow area extent (SAE), and the associated Land Surface Air Temperature (LSAT) over North Hemisphere (NH) based on CESM-LE, CESM 1.5 °C and 2 °C projects, as well as CMIP5 historical, RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 products. Results show that the spatiotemporal variations of those modeled products are grossly consistent with the observation. The projected SAE magnitude change in RCP2.6 is comparable to that in 1.5 °C, but lower than that in 2 °C. The snow cover differences between 1.5 °C and 2 °C are prominent during the second half of 21st century. Changes in the LSAT and snow cover for 2071–2100 with respect to 1971–2000 exhibit the inconsistently spatial patterns. The contribution of increase in LSAT on the reduction of snow cover differs across seasons with the greatest in boreal autumn (49–55 %) and the lowest in boreal summer (10–16 %). The snow cover uncertainties induced by the ensemble variability show time invariant across CESM members, but increase with the warming signal among CMIP5 models. This feature reveals that the model physical parameterization plays a predominant role on the long-term snow simulations, while they are less affect by the climate internal variability.
Long-term ice phenology records from East Central Europe
Authors: Takács Katalin , Kern Zoltán , Pásztor László
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A data set of annual freshwater ice phenology was compiled for the largest river (Danube) and the largest lake (Lake Balaton) in East Central Europe, extending regular river and lake ice monitoring data through the use of historical observations and documentary records dating back to 1774 AD and 1885 AD, respectively. What becomes clear is that the dates of the first appearance of ice and freeze-up have shifted, arriving 12–30 and 4–13 days later respectively per 100 years. Break-up and ice-off have shifted to earlier dates by 7–13 and 9–27 days/100 years, except on Lake Balaton, where the date of break-up has not changed significantly. The data sets represent a great potential resource for (paleo)climatological research thanks to the strong, physically determined link between water and air temperature and the occurrence of freshwater ice phenomena. The derived centennial records of freshwater cryophenology for Danube and Balaton are readily available for detailed analysis of the temporal trends, large-scale spatial comparison or other climatological purposes. The derived dataset is publicly available via PANGAEA at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.881056.
Local tower-based merging of two land evaporation products
Authors: Jiménez Carlos , Martens Brecht , Miralles Diego M. , Fisher Joshua B. , Beck Hylke E. , Fernández-Prieto Diego
Published: November 2017

Abstract. An inverse-variance weighting of two terrestrial evaporation (ET) products from the WACMOS-ET project based on FLUXNET sites is presented. The two ET models, PT-JPL and GLEAM, share a common modeling framework based on the Priestley–Taylor evaporation formulation, although the stress factors to convert from potential to actual evaporation are calculated differently. Both data sets are daily at 25 km resolution and use common input data when possible. The weights are based on the variance of the difference between the tower ET and the modeled ET, and are made dynamic by estimating them using a 61-day running window centered on each day. Seasonal variability in these weights is observed over some stations, but the deviations from the 0.5 value assumed by the arithmetic mean of both products is typically small. Seasonal averaged statistics for three land cover groups confirm that the performance of the weighted product is very close to the arithmetic mean product. This implies that at a large number of stations the tower data was not informative enough to identify distinct error patterns between GLEAM and PT-JPL likely to result in more varying weights. Different factors can be responsible for this behavior. Concerning the model estimates, some of the shared modeling assumptions and the common inputs make the ET estimates from both models rather dependent, thus their errors are expected to be correlated. Regarding the tower data, the 84 selected tower sites are mostly at temperate regions. In these regions the models ET differences are mainly reflecting the variability in Priestley and Taylor estimates of potential ET, which translates in model ET differences smaller than in other places. The large mismatch between the model spatial resolution and the tower footprint is also likely to result again in common error patterns for the model estimates. Overall, this study suggests that merging tower observations and ET products at the time and spatial scales of this study is not straightforward, and that care should be taken regarding the dependence of the products to be merged, the tower spatial representativeness of their measurements at the products resolution, and the nature of the error in both towers and gridded data sets.
Forest impacts on snow accumulation and ablation across an elevation gradient in a temperate montane environment
Authors: Roth Travis R. , Nolin Anne W.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Forest cover modifies snow accumulation and ablation rates via canopy interception and changes in sub-canopy energy balance processes. However, the ways in which snowpacks are affected by forest canopy processes vary depending on climatic, topographic and forest characteristics. Here we present results from a 4-year study of snow–forest interactions in the Oregon Cascades. We continuously monitored snow and meteorological variables at paired forested and open sites at three elevations representing the Low, Mid, and High seasonal snow zones in the study region. On a monthly to bi-weekly basis, we surveyed snow depth and snow water equivalent across 900 m transects connecting the forested and open pairs of sites. Our results show that relative to nearby open areas, the dense, relatively warm forests at Low and Mid sites impede snow accumulation via canopy snow interception and increase sub-canopy snowpack energy inputs via longwave radiation. Compared with the Forest sites, snowpacks are deeper and last longer in the Open site at the Low and Mid sites (4–26 and 11–33 days, respectively). However, we see the opposite relationship at the relatively colder High sites, with the Forest site maintaining snow longer into the spring by 15–29 days relative to the nearby Open site. Canopy interception efficiency (CIE) values at the Low and Mid Forest sites averaged 79 and 76 % of the total event snowfall, whereas CIE was 31 % at the lower density High Forest site. At all elevations, longwave radiation in forested environments appears to be the primary energy component due to the maritime climate and forest presence, accounting for 93, 92, and 47 % of total energy inputs to the snowpack at the Low, Mid, and High Forest sites, respectively. Higher wind speeds in the High Open site significantly increase turbulent energy exchanges and snow sublimation. Lower wind speeds in the High Forest site create preferential snowfall deposition. These results show the importance of understanding the effects of forest cover on sub-canopy snowpack evolution and highlight the need for improved forest cover model representation to accurately predict water resources in maritime forests.
Debates y consensos en torno a la corrupción en la América hispana y portuguesa, siglos XVI-XVIII. Presentación
Authors: Ponce Leiva Pilar
Published: November 2017

Debates y consensos en torno a la corrupción en la América hispana y portuguesa, siglos XVI-XVIII. Presentación
La administración del Real Situado en tiempos del gobernador Tomás Marín de Poveda: corrupción en detrimento del Ejército de Chile (1692-1700)
Authors: Rodríguez Ridao Antonio Luis
Published: November 2017

El “mérito del dinero” facultó a Tomás Marín de Poveda para ejercer los cargos de gobernador y capitán general del reino de Chile entre 1692 y 1700. El ejército creado para la defensa de la frontera chilena, así como el Real Situado destinado a financiarlo, se convirtieron en unas de las formas de amortización de aquella considerable inversión -y fuente de otros ingentes beneficios- por parte del referido gobernador, a partir de la ejecución en torno a ellos de negocios ilícitos que convergieron en corrupción. Marín de Poveda, en complicidad con los situadistas y de buena parte de la oficialidad militar y financiera, malversó gran parte de la ayuda destinada a los soldados, los endeudó y les obligó a comprar en sus tiendas, y provocó, así mismo, el fallo en los controles de la administración mediante el uso de la violencia y la coacción sobre las instituciones. Todo ello, en definitiva, en perjuicio de las guarniciones militares chilenas y de la propia estabilidad imperial. En cualquier caso, la omisión en la remisión de varios Situados desde Potosí durante el período de gobierno de Tomás Marín de Poveda, imposibilitó que el ejército se constituyese en la única y gran vía para forjar su fortuna particular.
Luzes e sombras: a censura de livros na capitania da Bahia (1811-1821)
Authors: Iglesias Magalhães Pablo Antonio
Published: November 2017

Luzes e sombras: a censura de livros na capitania da Bahia (1811-1821)
L’experiència del I Curs d’Arquitectura per a futurs arquitectes
Authors: Bardí Milà Berta , García-Escudero Daniel , Marcos Padrós Carlos
Published: November 2017

L’estiu del 2012 va tenir lloc a l’ETSAV (UPC) la primera edició del "Curs d’arquitectura per a futurs arquitectes". Aquesta iniciativa docent, dintre del programa d’orientació universitària de la UPC, neix amb la voluntat de convertir-se en una eina per ajudar a decidir als alumnes de 4t ESO, Batxillerat o Cicle Formatiu sobre el seu futur universitari. Durant cinc dies, es mostra en què consisteix estudiar arquitectura mitjançant un conjunt d’exercicis pràctics que recullen a grans trets els eixos temàtics fonamentals de la carrera. Així, els alumnes poden acabar de decidir amb més informació si volen o no estudiar aquesta carrera.

The summer of 2012 took place in ETSAV (UPC) the first edition of “The course of architecture for future architects”. This teaching initiative, within the university orientation program of UPC, is intended to become a tool to help students of 4th ESO, Bachelor or Cicle Formatiu decide on their academic future. For five days, they can study architecture through a series of exercises that include broadly the fundamental themes of the career. Thus, students may end up with more information to decide if they want or not to study this career.
The Design Studio: a case study in teaching and learning practical knowledge
Authors: Solà-Morales Serra Pau de
Published: November 2017

¿Qué es el taller de diseño? ¿Cómo funciona? ¿Cuáles son sus fundamentos psicológicos y cognitivos? ¿Está actualizado y adaptado al s.XXI, a sus delirios tecnológicos y a sus cambios pedagógicos? El taller de diseño se puede entender como un constructo que en
parte actualiza y en parte continúa el sistema pedagógico que se creó en la Académie Royale en el siglo XVII, y que ha sobrevivido a través de la École de Beaux-Arts, las Escuelas Politécnicas y la Bauhaus , hasta nuestros días. Este artículo trata de estudiar y reunir la bibliografía existente sobre el design thinking y actualizarla a los conocimientos de nuestros días. Se trata de una
primera aproximación para explorar y exponer las esencias del taller de diseño de hoy en día; para ver si se adapta como sistema pedagógico a nuestros métodos académicos modernos basados en competencias y al EEES; y para evaluar su relevancia en la actualidad en el
aprendizaje de nuestra (y sobre todo de otras) disciplinas, que están buscando desesperadamente formas de capturar y transmitir sus conocimientos prácticos.

What is the design studio? How does it function? What are its psychological and cognitive foundations? Is it updated and adapted to the 21st c., its technological frenzies and its
pedagogical changes? The design studio can be understood as a construct that in part updates, and in part continues, the pedagogical system that was set up at the Académie Royale in the 18th century, and that has survived through the Beaux Arts, the polytechnic and the Bauhaus schools, to our days. This paper seeks to study and pull together the literature on design thinking and update it to current-day knowledge. It is a first approach to explore and expose the essence of the design studio today; to see if it is adapted as a pedagogical system to our modern academic competence-based apprenticeships, and to the EEES; and to evaluate its relevance today in the learning of our and especially of other disciplines, which are desperately looking for ways to capture and convey their practical knowledge.
How to make classrooms creative and open spaces: ARIS games, digital artifacts and storytelling
Authors: Adam Fred , O'Brian Mauricio , Mazzeo Arianna , Perales Verónica
Published: November 2017

As part of long-term research into interviewing users and visualizing digital artifacts, we have created a parallel archives of projects in our classroom. Ethnography helps us to discover the temporal trends of interactions with students and with the virtual environment.
The outcomes expected motived us to repurpouse stories we co-create with students in a new form, retelling motivations, design, narratives, into a gaming scenario where the use of experiences become more digital and less tangible but always snapshots of their social existence.
Escalas y paradigmas instrumentales en el aprendizaje del urbanismo
Authors: Elinbaum Pablo , Vall Casas Pere , Cuellar Álvaro , Benages Marta
Published: November 2017

La escala se refiere comúnmente a la sucesión de acercamientos modulados para visualizar un mismo objeto, o bien al tamaño en el que se reproduce una imagen. Sin embargo, en urbanismo, la escala no da la medida de las cosas, sino el carácter de los fenómenos. Siendo una cuestión relativa, resulta esencial identificar los temas y los elementos estructurales propios de cada escala y tratarlos simultáneamente. El objetivo de esta comunicación radica en explorar la potencialidad de una metodología para abordar el problema de la escala en el aprendizaje del urbanismo mediante la implementación combinada e iterativa de cuatro paradigmas instrumentales. Con este fin, nos apoyamos en el estudio de caso de los cursos 2012-2013 de la asignatura Urbanística III, realizada en la Escuela de Arquitectura (ESARQ) de la UIC.

Scale usually refers to the sequence of modulated approaches to the same object, or to the size in which an image is reproduced. However, in urbanism, scale does not measure things but the character of phenomena. Thus, it is essential to identify the themes and the structural
elements of each scale and treat them simultaneously. The aim of this paper resides in exploring the potential of a methodology for addressing the problem of scale in urbanism’s learning by the combined and iterative implementation of five instrumental paradigms. For this purpose we conducted a case study for the third course of Urbanism 2012-2013, at the School of Architecture (ESARQ - UIC).
ToSCA, a workshop on architectural building solutions: changing the way building product innovation is taught
Authors: Zamora i Mestre Joan-Lluís
Published: November 2017

Innovation is humans' way to find new solutions to new problems. To make innovation a reality, new ideas must take shape and be tried out. Most polytechnic university students' daily focus on solving technical problems by applying existing and verified solutions: a repertoire of technical construction solutions typified by good practice and approved by the regulatory framework. But today there are some boundary conditions in the building industry that bring about changes in the way we educated on construction technology:
- New requirements for sustainable technical development.
- Social, production and climate changes that are affecting the entire planet
- New forms of production management and technical knowledge.
- New professional roles.
All these changes are developing quickly and causing the obsolescence of the current production range of industrial construction model:
- Characteristics of existing building products are no longer suited to current
needs.
- Professional services that are currently provided no longer reflect social dynamics.
- Current flows of extraction, manufacturing and transportation of building products, construction, maintenance and demolition is not in line with biosphere cycles.
One response to these challenges has been to introduce the ToSCA workshop, which is an academic space for building product innovation. The aim of this optional subject is to open the minds of architecture students. Annual ToSCA exercises can be consulted at: http://ocw.upc.edu/curs/47052-2012/4 and also at the next web issue
Mr. Wataru
Authors: Arribas Pérez Irma
Published: November 2017

Mr. Wataru es una propuesta pedagógica para la asignatura de Dibujo 1 de la ETSAB, que responde a la naturaleza del dibujar en el quehacer proyectual.
Mr. Wataru defiende la acción del dibujar como un desplazarse por lugares desconocidos, permitiendo mediante tanteos y gestos que el dibujo aloje el proyecto y a su vez lo configure.
La acción del dibujar por encima del dibujo y como habilitador del proyecto es una naturaleza intensa que merece ser planteada en los inicios de los estudios
de arquitectura, con la intención de formar a expedicionarios que conquisten, dígale innovar.
Experimentar es la naturaleza de la acción del dibujar que a su vez es proyectar, y que de una manera reflexiva y crítica puede llevar a la innovación.

Mr. Wataru is a pedagogical approach to the ETSAB Drawing 1 Course which reflects the nature of the projective drawing tasks.
Mr. Wataru advocates for the action of draw as a navigation through unfamiliar places, allowing scores and gestures where drawing hosts and configures the project.
The action of drawing over the drawing and as a project enabler is an intense nature that deserves to be raised in the early studies of architecture, with the intention of training explorers to conquer, say innovate.
Experience is the nature of the action of drawing which in turn is projecting, and a reflective and critical manner that can lead to innovation.
Una experiència d’ensenyament de la sostenibilitat en l’arquitectura mitjançant debats transversals d’accés obert com a eines d’aprenentatge online
Authors: Cornadó Bardón Còssima , Ramos Sanz Anna Alexandra
Published: November 2017

El present article descriu una experiència d’aprenentatge en els cursos online a càrrec de la University Network for Architecture and Sustainability (UNAUS) vinculada a l’Escola Tècnica Superior d’Arquitectura de Barcelona (ETSAB): Restauració Sostenible, Edificació i Sostenibilitat i Tècniques SIG i Ecologia Urbana.
En present article es descriu el mètode docent dels cursos, prenent com a eix vertebrador una de les eines que els caracteritza: el debat transversal organitzat
en cada edició dels cursos, i els beneficis que aquest aporta. Es descriu i analitza el criteri metodològic bàsic adoptat per a l’organització del debat: el paper del moderador, a càrrec d’un expert convidat, l’elecció d’un tema que uneix transversalment els tres cursos, i l’accés obert al debat. La reflexió sobre una experiència docent d’aquestes característiques i els resultats obtinguts
permeten arribar a conclusions que enriqueixen i amplien l’horitzó dels cursos online centrats en temes tècnics específics.

This paper deepens in the educational methodology of the e-learning experience conducted by the University Network for Architecture and Sustainability (UNAUS) in its online courses which are focussed on: Repair and Restoration for
Sustainable Architecture, Building and Sustainability and GIS Techniques for Sustainable Development.
This paper describes one of the learning tools that characterize them, a transversal debate organized in each edition of the courses, and the benefits it provides. Thus, we describe and analyze the basic methodological criteria
adopted for the organization of the debate: the role of the moderator, conducted by an invited expert, the choice of a theme that cuts across the three courses and the open access to the debate, which are extremely enriching facts. The integrated and cross reflection on such a teaching experience and the results obtained allow important conclusions that expand the horizons of specific technical issues focused online courses.
Descobrint i transformant un àmbit proper: un arbre i un recer
Authors: Toldrà Domingo Jose Maria , Farreny Morancho Jaume , Lorenzo Almeida Daniel , Cifuentes Utrero Francisco , Miralles Jori Roger
Published: November 2017

Presentem la nostra experiència al primer curs de l’Escola Tècnica Superior d’Arquitectura de Reus de la Universitat Rovira i Virgili, durant el qual introduïm als alumnes en el dibuix i els projectes arquitectònics a través d’un exercici en el que han de registrar gràficament una realitat, proposar una transformació i materialitzar-la. L’estructura del curs obliga a l’alumne a estar en contacte amb la
realitat a escala 1:1 de forma progressiva: des de l’estudi d’una parcel·la de l’àmbit d’actuació general (els jardins del deganat de la Facultat d’Econòmiques), passant per l’arbre on recolzarà la seva proposta, per arribar, finalment, al recer que ha de projectar i construir. L’abstracció d’aquesta realitat s’ha de traslladar al
paper a una mida menor, assimilant les tècniques de la representació arquitectònica i, al mateix temps, començant a articular un llenguatge gràfic propi, adequat a la seva mirada i els seus interessos de treball.

We are introducing our experience in the first year of the Reus School of Architecture at the Rovira i Virgili University. During the academic program the students are introduced to architectural design and projects through an exercise where they have to register graphically the reality, propose a transformation and materialize it. The course organization requires the students to be gradually in
touch with a 1:1 scale: starting the work within one plot part of a more general area (the gardens of the Faculty of Economics), to study in detail a tree object of their proposal, to finally reach the refuge they have to design and build. The abstraction of this reality should be transferred to paper on a smaller scale, assimilating architectural representation techniques and, at the same time, articulating a personal graphic language, reflection of their looking and working interests.
Ús eficient de programes informàtics en arquitectura: Designbuilder i Dialux
Authors: Roset Calzada Jaime , Vásquez Paredes Rodrigo Antonio , Barajas Saldaña Luis Matías
Published: November 2017

Utilizar eficientemente un programa informático no es tan inmediato como puede parecer leyendo lo que nos anuncia la propaganda o si se tiene un conocimiento
"por encima" de algunos de ellos. Especialmente en el campo de la Arquitectura se produce una dicotomía importante entre el bajo nivel inicial de conocimientos
del usuario novel y la exigencia de la necesaria calidad de los resultados.
Particularmente se analizará esta situación por medio de dos programas que tratan dos aspectos que, en nuestra opinión, están llamados a ser de uso habitual entre nuestros estudiantes. El primero es el del comportamiento térmico (DesignBuilder) y, el segundo, el tema de la iluminación (Dialux).
Comenzaremos por un análisis de ambos por separado. A continuación, discutiremos las posibles interrelaciones entre ellos y finalmente analizaremos la gran dificultad que, tenemos en el campo de la Arquitectura para la
implementación de nuevas herramientas informáticas.

Efficiently use a computer software is not as immediate as it seems reading what marketing tells us or if you have a knowledge "above" some of them. Especially in the field of architecture an important dichotomy between the low initial level of knowledge of the new user and the requirement of the necessary quality of the results produced.
Particularly this situation is analyzed through two softwares that address two aspects which, in our opinion, are called to be in common use among our students. The first is the thermal behavior (DesignBuilder) and, second, the issue
of lighting (Dialux).
We begin with an analysis of both separately. Then discuss the possible interrelationships between them and finally analyze the great difficulty we have in the field of architecture for the implementation of new software tools.
Metodología e innovación docente del Proyecto Arquitectónico: la experiencia del Departamento de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Zaragoza
Authors: Labarta Aizpún Carlos , Bergera Serrano José Ignacio
Published: November 2017

No hay una disciplina más necesitada de reformulación pedagógica que la arquitectura y, particularmente, el área de Proyectos Arquitectónicos en la que trabajamos un grupo de profesores de la nueva titulación de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Zaragoza. La construcción desde cero de los contenidos docentes ha permitido una formulación menos condicionada y más unitaria. Se
han llevado acabo un conjunto de Proyectos de Innovación Docente que han posibilitado un marco de reflexión sobre diversas metodologías, constatándose como una necesidad para contrarrestar ciertas inercias académicas que, en el pasado, no advirtieron esta importancia. Se ha establecido una metodología docente integrada con las materias técnicas haciendo de la materia, y su relación con la técnica, un elemento constitutivo del proyecto desde su origen. El objetivo de esta comunicación es presentar estos resultados –plasmadas en las
correspondientes publicaciones– como ensayos de una nueva manera de afrontar los retos de la docencia arquitectónica.

There is no a discipline more needed of pedagogical reformulation than Architecture and, particularly, the area of Architectural Projects in which a group of teachers work, within the new degree of Architecture at the University of
Zaragoza. The construction from scratch of the teaching content has allowed a less conditioned and more unified formulation. We have carried out a set of Teaching Innovation Projects that have enabled a framework for discussion on various methodologies, confirming it as a necessity to counterbalance a certain academic inertia that, in the past, did not realize this importance. A teaching
methodology has been established, integrated with technical subjects making matter, and its relationship to technique, a k-component of the project since its
inception. The aim of this paper is to present these results –reflected in the related publications– like tests of a new way of addressing the issues of architectural teaching.
Metodología de investigación aplicada a trabajos de final de carrera en arquitectura
Authors: Blanco Agüeira Silvia
Published: November 2017

El módulo "Research & Innovation" impartido en la titulación de Arquitectura del
Centro Superior de Estudios de Galicia, adscrito a la University College Dublin,
permite al alumno realizar un trabajo de investigación vinculado a la temática del
proyecto final. De este modo, la investigación es paralela al diseño
arquitectónico, evoluciona con él, lo alimenta, y deriva en una conexión total con
el mismo, que puede aportar teorías o perspectivas originales de interés para el
área profesional. Dado que en España, la redacción de una tesina no es un
requisito obligatorio para obtener la titulación de arquitecto, en la presente
comunicación se expone y comprueba su utilidad como indudable ejercicio
fomentador del sentido crítico y de la capacidad analítica del alumno.

The "Research & Innovation" module running in Cesuga (Centro Superior de
Estudios de Galicia), in alliance with the School of Architecture at University
College Dublin, allows students to make a dissertation related to the topic of the
final project. Thus, research is parallel to the architectural design and evolves
with it, feeds it, and leads to a total connection with it, which can bring unique
perspectives or useful theories to the professional area. As in Spain, writing a
dissertation is not required to obtain the degree in Architecture, this paper seeks
to demonstrate its usefulness as an indubitable exercise of critical thinking and
analytical ability of the student.
¿Cómo conectar hoy con la necesidad de la arquitectura? Acciones ante el programa
Authors: Martínez Rodríguez José Manuel , Gil Jiménez Paloma
Published: November 2017

¿Cómo conectar hoy con la necesidad de la arquitectura? Enseñándola de tal modo que sea útil. Establecer que el concepto de utilidad no es la instalación en el beneficio
inmediato. Que la utilidad va unida al desarrollo de acciones posibles, no al programa como organización instantánea y convencional de usos.
Las situaciones cambian. Hace tiempo que la arquitectura dejó de ser sólo una necesidad, para constituirse como forma que refleja posturas sentimentales. Buscar en
lo mínimo para no caer en los engaños de lo contemporáneo, que confunde necesidad con frivolidad, supone defender como más práctico para el avance de la sociedad, que la arquitectura es creación y no sólo un saber técnico o de gestión. Que el final del proceso que se va desvelando desde la imaginación y el deseo, hasta llegar a la mejor forma posible para los usuarios, es el proyecto arquitectónico.

Connecting today with the need for architecture? Teaching it in a way that is useful. To establish that the concept of utility is not installing on the immediate benefit. That utility
is linked to the development of possible actions, not flash and the program as conventional organization uses.
Situations change. Architecture has long ceased to be just a necessity, as a way to become reflecting emotional states. Search in the least to avoid falling into the deceptions of the contemporary, that confuses need with frivolity, is defended as more convenient for the advancement of society, that architecture is not only creation and technical knowledge or management. The end of the process that unfolds from the imagination and desire to reach the best possible way for users, is the architectural project.
El panteón de la familia Soriano Manzanet
Authors: Vegas Fernando , Mileto Camilla
Published: November 2017

Esta bóveda nace como un homenaje tanto a la tradición ceramista de la zona, como a la técnica de la bóveda tabicada, tan arraigada y propia de la historia del Levante. El diseño del panteón ha requerido trabajar con programas de ordenador especiales de diseño tridimensional y la solución final se ha decantado solamente después de realizar 23 variantes consecutivas del mismo, que perseguían un resultado óptimo a nivel estético y estructural. Todas las curvas presentes en el panteón responden a perfiles de catenaria, unas curvas con una extraordinaria dificultad de expresión matemática y gráfica, que permiten sin embargo optimizar el funcionamiento estructural del conjunto.

This vault was created as a tribute both to the region’s

rich ceramic-making tradition and to the characteristic

tile vault technique, historically widespread throughout

the East of Spain. Special 3D programs were required

to design the pantheon and the final solution was

only agreed on after 23 consecutive variations aiming

for optimum aesthetic and structural results. All the

curves in the pantheon were produced using catenary

profiles. These curves are incredibly difficult to express

mathematically and graphically to successfully optimise

the construction’s overall structural operation.
Dos notas sobre el Noti
Authors: Bianco Coque , Martí Arís Carlos
Published: November 2017

Con motivo del reciente centenario del

nacimiento de Josep Maria Sostres y del

medio siglo de vida de su edificio para

El Noticiero Universal, recuperamos dos

textos de los profesores Coque Bianco y

Carles Martí Arís publicados en 1980.

On the occasion of the recent Sostres’ birth centenary

and of the 50 years of his building for “El Noticiero

Universal” we review two articles by professors Coque

Bianco and Carles Martí Arís originally published in 1980.
Matemáticas, Arquitectura y Creatividad
Authors: Alsina Català Claudi
Published: November 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre las aportaciones que las Matemáticas, y en particular

la Geometría, pueden hacer a la educación en la creatividad de los estudiantes de Arquitectura. Es deseable que la formación matemática

pueda contribuir no solo a dar conocimientos básicos

sino también al desarrollo de capacidades tales como

el sentido común, la imaginación o la creatividad. El primer gran objetivo de aprender matemáticas debe ser pensar mejor.

The aim of the article is to reflect on the contribution

that Mathematics, especially Geometry, can make to the

education in the creativity of students of Architecture.

It is desirable that the formation in mathematics can

contribute not only to give a basic knowledge but also to

the development of capabilities such as common sense,

imagination or creativity.

The first major objective of learning mathematics should

be to think better.
Introducció a l'arquitectura i el projecte
Authors: Riera Pañellas Pere
Published: November 2017

El curs 1978-79 es va posar en pràctica a l’ETSAV el programa d’una assignatura que responia al nom pràctic de Projectes “0” i que tenia com a finalitat demostrar la viabilitat i la bondat d’iniciar a l’estudiant en els projectes d’arquitectura des del primer curs de la carrera.La primera etapa del curs s’inscrivia en la voluntat d’aprendre a pensar constructivament; la segona part perseguia educar el desig en pensar poèticament. El curs acabava sempre amb una festa, que amb els anys es va convertir en un esdeveniment comarcal.Els dos objectius prioritaris del curs eren el següents: retornar a l’estudiant el seu caràcter de productor de coneixement, i buscar una articulació entre assignatures capaç de superar la fragmentació dels diversos coneixements rebuts per l’estudiant.

In the 1978-79 academic year, a new course syllabus was put into practice at ETSAV, under the name “Projectes 0”, whose purpose was to prove the viability and benefits of introducing first-year students to architectural design right

from the start.

The objective of the first phase of the course was to teach students to think with a constructive mindset; the second part sought to encourage the desire to think poetically. The course always ended with a party, which over

the years became a regional scale event.

The two main objectives of the course were the following: to restore the student’s role as a producer of knowledge, and to pursue an articulation between subjects capable of overcoming the fragmentation of the different fields of knowledge acquired by the student.
De habitar a morar: el tiempo en la arquitectura
Authors: Galmés Cerezo Álvaro
Published: November 2017

El concepto de “Habitar” sufrió una importante transformación en el transcurso del siglo xx. La arquitectura de la modernidad ha estado muy preocupada por involucrar en su discurso muchos de los aspectos que emanan de este concepto. Aun así, ya bien entrado el siglo XXI, algunos de estos principios han quedado obsoletos.El presente artículo intenta poner al día el significado de habitar, buscando un vocablo que se adecúen mejor a lo que se entiende en la actualidad por esa acción ciudadana que repercute de un modo transcendente en la arquitectura y en especial en la vivienda.A través del vocablo “Morar” se establecen unos nuevos vínculos entre el individuo y su entorno, vínculos que van más allá del espacio y que se manifiestan en la relevancia que tiene el tiempo para la experiencia del morador. Por otro lado, se analizan las transformaciones que se han dado en aspectos relacionados con el “qué”, el “cómo” y el “donde” entre el antiguo termino de “habitar” y está nueva acepción. Por último, se redefine el concepto de “Morar” en para acercarse a las ideas del pensamiento fenomenológico actual.

The concept of “inhabiting” has been one of the most influential ideas in the development of Modern Architecture. However, a hundred years after the beginning of that period,

the premises that supported that notion have changed, which calls for a necessary revision of the concept. The present article analyzes the main ideas towards which this concept of inhabiting gravitated in the past, and how

they have been subsequently replaced by new ones.

According to that, it is necessary to redefine its meaning so that it adapts to the current thinking, as well as, in our opinion, to change its designation and replace the old term

“inhabiting”, charged with a static and eminently functional connotation, with the term “dwelling”, which, due to its etymology, allows for a more up-to-date comprehension of that idea, by referring to the time factor as well as to diverse experiences of spatial interaction.
Sensor impedimétrico para la detección de bacterias patogénicas mediante péptidos antimicrobianos
Authors: Hoyos-Nogués M. , Brosel-Oliu S. , Abramova N. , Bratov A. , Mas-Moruno C. , Gil F.J.
Published: November 2017

La peri-implantitis, una inflamación causada por la formación del biofilm, es una de las causas más importantes de la fallida de los implantes en odontología. Por esto, la detección de bacterias patogénicas al inicio del proceso de formación de biofilms, representa una estrategia muy potente para la prevención de las infecciones en los implantes. Entre los diferentes métodos para la detección de bacterias patogénicas, los biosensores electroquímicos, especialmente los sistemas basados en impedancia (EIS), presentan una serie de ventajas como la miniaturización, la mejora en sensibilidad y el bajo coste. En este sentido, los péptidos antimicrobianos (AMPs), conocidos como componentes del sistema inmune y con actividad hacia las bacterias, pueden ser usados para desarrollar elementos de bioreconocimiento altamente efectivos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es la combinación del uso de EIS y la habilidad de los AMPs para obtener biosensores con alta sensibilidad, especificidad y límites de detección muy bajos para la detección de bacterias patogénicas.
A Diabetes and Obesity Crisis: Preliminary Study of Lifestyle, Diet, Knowledge and Attitude of Malaysian Pharmacy Undergraduates Towards Type-2 Diabetes
Authors: Shariza Sahudin  , Mumtaz Hussain  , Nor Farhah Abdul Ghaffar  , Azyyati Mohd Suhaimi
Published: November 2017

Background: Patient education and self-care are important not only for diabetes prevention but also chronic disease management. Community pharmacists are an ideal position to play a role in providing medicines management, lifestyle and preventative advice specific to type-2 diabetes care, Malaysian pharmacists must be ready and willing to firmly establish such clear roles and as such, undergraduate pharmacy students need to be equipped with the skills and mind-set to accept such a challengeObjective: To explore knowledge and awareness of pharmacy undergraduate students at Universiti Technology MARA (UiTM) towards diabetes risk factors. To identify potential diabetes risk factors by evaluating dietary intake and to determine students’ attitude towards their future roles as health care providers.Method: 159 Malaysian third-year undergraduate pharmacy students were provided a questionnaire and a two-day food diary. The questionnaire consisted of four sections to examine demographics, lifestyle and diet, together with knowledge of diabetes and the perception of pharmacists’ role.Results: A total of 113 completed questionnaires were received. 20% of the respondents were overweight or obese and 21% had elevated blood pressure. 95% of students consumed only 50% of the recommend daily calorie intake for adults. Students however possessed good knowledge of diabetes with a positive attitude towards pharmacist roles in healthcare.Conclusion: Overall, the health status of Malaysian pharmacy students is very similar to the general population, displaying similar risk factors and dietary habits despite their status as future healthcare professionals. Students do however display a good knowledge of diabetes and appear positive towards their roles as future pharmacists.
3D visualization of mitochondrial solid-phase calcium stores in whole cells
Authors: Wolf Sharon Grayer , Mutsafi Yael , Dadosh Tali , Ilani Tal , Lansky Zipora , Horowitz Ben , Rubin Sarah , Elbaum Michael , Fass Deborah
Published: November 2017

The entry of calcium into mitochondria is central to metabolism, inter-organelle communication, and cell life/death decisions. Long-sought transporters involved in mitochondrial calcium influx and efflux have recently been identified. To obtain a unified picture of mitochondrial calcium utilization, a parallel advance in understanding the forms and quantities of mitochondrial calcium stores is needed. We present here the direct 3D visualization of mitochondrial calcium in intact mammalian cells using cryo-scanning transmission electron tomography (CSTET). Amorphous solid granules containing calcium and phosphorus were pervasive in the mitochondrial matrices of a variety of mammalian cell types. Analysis based on quantitative electron scattering revealed that these repositories are equivalent to molar concentrations of dissolved ions. These results demonstrate conclusively that calcium buffering in the mitochondrial matrix in live cells occurs by phase separation, and that solid-phase stores provide a major ion reservoir that can be mobilized for bioenergetics and signaling.
3rd Nordic NJF Conference on Reindeer Husbandry Research – “Reindeer husbandry in a Globalizing North - resilience, adaptations and pathways for actions”
Authors: Åhman Birgitta , Wiklund Eva
Published: November 2017

The Nordic Conference on Reindeer Husbandry Research 2017 was held from 29 to 31 May in Jukkasjärvi, Kriuna, Sweden, hosted by the Reindeer section of NJF (Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists) in collaboration with the Nordic Centre of Excellence ReiGN - Reindeer husbandry in a Globalizing North – resilience, adaptations and pathways for actions. This was the third conference on reindeer husbandry research arranged within NJF.