bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Outcome of Distal Humerus Intra-articular Fractures Treated with Pre-contoured Anatomical Locking Plates
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, Seth G. S. Medical College & K. E. M. Hospital, Parel, Maharashtra, India, Chitnavis Swapnil
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The most difficult therapeutic challenge is treating humerus fractures, which might result in a subpar functional outcome. It is anticipated that early mobilization, anatomic reduction, and internal fixation will enhance the functional results. The purpose of this study is to assess the functional result, intercondylar fixation rate, and anatomically pre-contoured locking plate treatment of a distal humerus fracture. Material and Method: This prospective research included patients with type 13-C2 distal humerus fractures, regardless of sex, who were hospitalized. Using the modified triceps tongue flap method, all patients received open reduction and internal fixation with anatomic pre-contoured locking plates and screws. Patients underwent 6 months of follow-up after surgery. They had follow-up evaluations using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) for clinical, radiological, and functional assessments. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the outcomes. Observations: Males accounted for the majority of injuries (66.7% vs. 33.3%). The age distribution was 36.93 ± 14.67. Traffic accidents were the most common cause of injuries (66.7%). The most frequently affected side was the right upper limb (76.7%). Eighty percent of the patients had MEPS scores that were excellent or good overall. At the fracture site, the radiological union took an average of 10.2 ± 2.11 weeks. In the 6th week, the mean extension-flexion arc was 32.06°–104.06°, and in the 6th month, it was 11.55°–124.16°. Early superficial infection (3.3%), malunion (3.3%), ulnar neuropraxia (3.3%), and chronic osteomyelitis (3.3%) were the consequences. In conclusion, the functional result of the elbow was effectively preserved in distal humerus fractures treated with anatomic pre-contoured locking plates. Keywords: Elbow joint, distal humerus intra articular fractures, bone plates, articular range of motion, osteomyelitis, MEPS, pre-contoured anatomical locking plate.
Current Concept Update on Robotic Technology in Arthroplasty- A Narrative review
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Deshmukh Shobit , Bagaria Vaibhav ,   Department of Orthopedics, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: June 2024

Ensuring precise prosthesis positioning is one of the key elements for improving long-term survival rates in knee arthroplasty. The evolution of Total knee arthroplasty surgeries from Computer assisted navigation to robotic assisted techniques has improved the precision of bone preparation, component positioning and has reduced alignment outliers and surgeon-related errors. The present article gives an overview of the existing robotic arthroplasty systems available. The present review describes the types of robots, their classification system, comparisons between various robotic assisted devices available in the market. This review highlights the key steps involved in using various systems, current concepts and the future scope of development in this field. This review also proposes the concept of intelligent alignment philosophy which is more patient specific combining different philosophies. Keywords– Robotic Assisted techniques, current updates, intelligent alignment, total knee arthroplasty
Open Reduction with Collateral Ligaments Reconstruction in Neglected Elbow Dislocation – A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, General Hospital Prof. IGNG Ngoerah, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia, Putra Made Winatra Satya , Asmara Anak Agung Gde Yuda ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, General Hospital Prof. IGNG Ngoerah, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
Published: June 2024

Neglected elbow dislocations pose a challenge to orthopedic surgeons, leading to contracture and functional limitations. This case involves a 51-year-old female patient experiencing pain and stiffness in her left elbow for the past 5 months due to neglected dislocation. Previous traditional treatment showed no improvement. Disuse atrophy was suspected, prompting open reduction, ligament reconstruction, and a 3-week temporary pinning. The intervention aimed to address the late-presenting unreduced elbow, utilizing autograft for ligament reconstruction. The subsequent supervised physiotherapy played a crucial role in restoring functional, stable, and painless elbow movement. This case underscores the importance of timely intervention in neglected elbow dislocations to prevent disability and enhance the quality of life for affected individuals. Keywords: Neglected elbow dislocation, ligament reconstruction, autograft.
Empathy and Trauma: A Cognitive Approach to Mrs. Dalloway
Authors: Brick Martin
Published: July 2024

Abstract: A popular (though not necessarily scientifically validated) theory holds that reading fiction builds empathy. Because literary characters are media representations, limited and defined by point-of-view, diction, and readers’ pre-existing stereotypes, they tend not to elicit empathy in a fair, even manner. This essay will explore such questions as whether certain characteristics elicit greater empathy than others and whether empathy is always genuine or the result of readers’ social pressure to react in a certain manner. To answer these questions, cognitive psychology theories are used to examine how empathy is created—or not created—for literary characters who experience trauma in Virginia Woolf’s novel Mrs. Dalloway . This analysis will involve two variables: the mental activity of readers and the mental activity of characters within a fictional text.
A Study of African Christianity in the Post-Colonial Context: Examining the Growth and Development of Quakerism in Kenya
Authors: Malande Oscar Lugusa
Published: June 2024

Abstract: My upcoming thesis on Kenyan Quakerism updates the existing scholarship on Quakerism and situates it in the African Christian context in the post-missionary/colonial era. The scholarship on African Christianity in the post-missionary/colonial era has only briefly touched on Kenyan Quakerism. Again, a few of what has been written by Africans on Quakerism are not academic and situated within the African Christian Quaker context. It is against this background that key texts on Kenyan Quakerism are used to determine what needs to be updated in situating Kenyan Quakerism in the African Christian context. An overview of these texts is explored in this writing, highlighting the importance of this research to Quaker scholarship.
Effects of house-cultivated edible bird’s nest on immunoglobulin and cytokine release in vitro
Authors: Choong Mel June , Dewadas Hemaniswarri Dewi , Lim Lay Cheng , Sukuru Sheela Devi , Tan Chee Hong , Cheong Soon Keng , Lim Yang Mooi
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim: Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is known as the “Caviar of the East” because of its high nutritional and medicinal values. Nevertheless, its effect on human immunity is yet to be explored. This study examined the effects of EBN’s aqueous extract (EBNE) on human immunity through the modular immune in vitro construct (MIMIC) model consisting of peripheral tissue equivalent (PTE) and lymphoid tissue equivalent (LTE) modules.

Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty mL of full blood was obtained from four healthy human volunteers. The human immune system was simulated using an in vitro model, called MIMIC. Under EBNE treatment, monocyte transendothelial migration through reversed endothelial layers was observed. Using PTE and LTE modules, monocytes were differentiated into dendritic cells with lipopolysaccharide, then co-cultured with T- and B-cells for cytokine and immunoglobulin (Ig) production. The human cytokine array G2000 and quantitative human Ig isotyping array were used to identify the cytokine profile and Ig isotypes, respectively.

Results: IgE, IgA, and IgG3 levels were significantly raised by EBNE. These cytokines, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derivative neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4, were generated.

Conclusion: For the first time, this work uses a MIMIC model to illustrate the impact of EBNE on human immune response. This new understanding of EBN’s immunoregulatory effect allows for further exploration of how EBN interacts with the human immune system.

Keywords: cytokines, edible bird’s nest, immunoglobulins, modular immune in vitro construct model, swiftlets.
Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and leptin concentrations in Black Bengal goats at different ages and gestation periods and their relationship to kid growth performance
Authors: Buranakarl Chollada , Chamsuwan Sumonwan , Nuntapaitoon Morakot
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim: The impact of maternal hormone concentration on kid growth performance in relation to insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and leptin is minimal. This study examined IGF-1 and leptin levels at varying ages and gestation periods for their correlation with Black Bengal goat kids’ growth during the preweaning phase.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 43 dams with different reproductive cycles and 28 prepubertal goats to measure serum concentrations of IGF-1 and leptin. Among dams, both hormones were investigated in different age ranges (<2, 2–3, 3–4, and >4 years old) and reproductive cycles (non-pregnancy, early gestation (1–50 days), mid-gestation (51–100 days), late gestation (101–135 days), and the last 15 days before delivery). After delivery, 65 kids from 34 dams were weighted weekly for 8 weeks to calculate average daily weight gain (ADG) at 0–4 weeks (ADG0–4 W) and 4–8 weeks (ADG4–8 W) and growth performance, including weight (W), height (H), length (L), chest girth (C) measured at birth (W0, H0, L0, and C0) and at 10 weeks of age (W10, H10, L10, and C10) were related to hormone serum concentrations in their dams at different gestation periods including the last 15 days before delivery.

Results: Dams had higher mean serum IGF-1 (p < 0.001) and leptin (p < 0.05) than prepubertal goats. Dams at late gestation had higher IGF-1 concentrations than those at early and mid-gestation and during the last 15 days before delivery. However, it was consistent with non-pregnant goats. The kid’s growth performance correlated positively with IGF-1 concentration, which was collected in the last 15 days before delivery. Multivariate analysis showed that ADG0–4 W was higher in kids born from dams with high IGF-1 than those with low IGF-1 measured during the last 15 days of delivery, whereas leptin tended to have a similar effect.

Conclusion: Serum IGF-1 and leptin concentrations of dams measured during the last 15 days before delivery were associated with kid’s growth during the preweaning period.

Keywords: Black Bengal goat, growth performance, insulin-like growth factor 1, leptin.
Occurrence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in upper Southern Thailand
Authors: Karaipoom Pathom , Saengsawang Phirabhat , Bromnavej Arisa , Sangsong Supattra , Waseewiwat Pinkamon , Bunsanong Bunrit , Nissapatorn Veeranoot , Pereira Maria de Lourdes , Mitsuwan Watcharapong
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim: Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes global concern with tuberculosis (TB). Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) pose additional challenges, as they resist multiple first-line drugs. This study investigated the occurrence of TB, antibiotic resistance due to inhA and katG gene mutations, and multidrug resistance in M. tuberculosis during fiscal years 2020–2022.

Materials and Methods: Samples were gathered from hospitals in seven provinces of upper Southern Thailand. The study investigated the correlation between inhA and katG gene mutations in M. tuberculosis and the development of antimicrobial resistance and isoniazid resistance.

Results: A total of 19,186 samples were sent to the Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 11st, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. The results showed that 51% of the samples were obtained from patients located in Nakhon Si Thammarat, followed by Surat Thani provinces. Regarding the spatial distribution of TB-infected cases, the incidence of TB was high in the province, which has a moderate to high population density. The highest average occurrence of TB in this study was found in Phuket province (9.75/100,000 risk person-year). The detected isoniazid resistance was 394, 255, and 179 cases in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. A total of 99 isolates were MDR, whereas four isolates were XDR. The antimicrobial resistance associated with the inhA mutation was 192, 142, and 105 isolates, respectively, whereas the resistance associated with the katG mutation was 249, 182, and 120 cases in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively.

Conclusion: These findings contribute to the understanding of the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant TB that could lead to use as data for preventing MDR-TB.

Keywords: inhA and katG genes, isoniazid, multi-drug resistance, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, upper Southern of Thailand.
Penélope Bloom
Authors: Mastroberti Paula
Published: July 2024

Disponho as ideias disparadoras de duas abordagens transcriativas das personagens Penélope, da obra "Odisseia", de Homero (VIII a. C, aprox.) e Marion/Molly Bloom, da obra "Ulysses", de James Joyce (1920). Elas culminaram num livro ilustrado e na elaboração de um objeto poético tridimensional. Ambos subvertem o livro como espaço-tempo narrativo, ao trabalhar sua forma através do uso de metalinguagem e da sua transformação em corpo significativo. Em Retorno de Ulisses (Rocco, 2007), recrio Penélope como artista plástica e autora ficcional das ilustrações que se entrelaçam ao texto de minha autoria. No objeto "Penélope Bloom" (2020), o conhecido monólogo da esposa de Leopold Bloom surge transcrito à mão a partir do original em inglês, sobre 2600 metros de folhas de papel costuradas entre si. Este volume é comprimido pela capa de uma edição brasileira da obra joyceana, sugerindo um espartilho. Meu principal objetivo foi questionar o lugar da mulher em ambas as narrativas consagradas como parte do cânone literário e o livro como símbolo cultural de uma civilização patriarcal.
RESIST(IR)
Authors: Moreira Camila
Published: July 2024

Nessa entrevista, Shirley Paes Leme apresenta seu percurso de artista pontuando questões da tridimensionalidade onde desenho, escultura, objeto e instalação são colocados em diálogo. Em uma constante ação de resistir ao seu tempo e ir em direção a matéria, a artista apresenta apontamentos essenciais para pensarmos a tridimensionalidade a partir de um hibridismo de linguagens, sob o olhar contemporâneo da arte.
Isolation and Characterisation of Essential oils of Mango (M. indica) Leave
Authors: Abubakar Auwal , Shagal Mohammed Hassan , Milan Charles
Published: July 2024

This research work aimed at isolation and characterisation of essential oils of Mangifera. indica (M. indica) leaves. Phytochemical screening was carried out to determine the bioactive components present in the leaf sample as well as the antimicrobial activity of the crude ethanolic extract. The percentage yield of essential oils (colourless) of the leaf was 0.19%. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, glycoside, flavonoid, saponin and tannin.  Steroids was absent in the extract. The antimicrobial evaluation of the essential oil of M. indica leaf revealed a significant activity (zone of inhibition). The percentage (%) of Diphenyl picryl hydrazine (DPPH) scavenged of antioxidant activities for the essential oils of M. indica at different concentration of 5µl, 10µl, 25µl and 100 µl showed a significant antioxidant activity. In concluded results, it’s clearly observed that, when the concentration of both ethanolic extract and essential oils leaf sample increases, the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties increases when compared to the standard (Amoxicillin) and that of essential oils has a significant property than other extracts. Considering the results of phytochemical screening, it’s also a potential source of cost-effective food supplements, nutritive ingredients and antibacterial agent for improving human health and curing acute and chronic diseases. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oils for the leaf sample revealed fifty two (52) different chemical compounds which include Alloaromadendrene, Humulene, Bicyclo[4,4,0]dec-1-ene, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene, Bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene,4,11,11,-trimethyl 8-methylene-,[1R-(1R*,4Z,9S*)].
Assessment of the Phytochemical Constituents of Methanol Extract of Ereromastax Polysperma Leaves and its Effect on the Hematological Indices in Albino Rats
Authors: Idung Victor Hogan , Okon Grace Asukwo , Asiwe Nicholas
Published: July 2024

The study investigated the effects of chronic administration of methanol extract of Eremomastax polysperma on the hematological parameters of albino rats. The rats were administered daily and orally for 14 days, with water as a control. On day 15, they were anesthetized using chloroform and blood was withdrawn from the heart through cardiac puncture into ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) specimen bottles. The phytochemical screening of crude methanolic extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, and cardiac glycosides. The statistical test employed was Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), with a predetermined significance level of p<0.05 and p<0.01. The ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB) percentages among the control group and the treatment groups of 500mg/kg and 1500mg/kg. The hematological evaluation showed a significant difference in RBC, HGB, and HCT, and a significant decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) with increasing doses of the extract. The results suggest that E. polysperma has anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antispasmodic, and pharmacological effects, potentially aiding in disease treatment.
The Impact of Sport on Disaster, Development and Humanitarian Aid
Authors: ORHAN Rüstem , AKAY Buğra
Published: June 2024

This study descriptively investigated how humanitarian aid can be provided through sports in cases such as natural disasters, migration, war and conflict, which can affect people physiologically, psychologically and economically. In addition to the literature review on the subject, an attempt was made to explain the financial and moral support provided by the sports community to the disaster that occurred because of the earthquakes that deeply affected Kahramanmaraş and its surroundings on February 6, 2023, which was described as the disaster of the century. In the modern world, sports are not considered just as sports. Sports is considered an essential tool in many areas, from health to the economy, from gender to the cosmetics industry, from the development of countries to climate change, and from humanitarian aid to the solution of social problems. As a result of this research, it was seen that sports is one of the tools preferred by countries in foreign policy and diplomatic relations. In addition, it has been determined that it is among the tools used by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and international organizations in carrying out their educational, psychological, health, missionary and economic activities and creating their image and social perception. In the research, sports philanthropy, sports aid campaigns, and the effects of sports on humanitarian aid were stated, and how the sports world should act in case of future disasters, how aid should be provided, and the measures to be taken within this framework were tried to be stated.
An Analysis of the Potential of Philippine Sports as a Tool for Public Diplomacy
Authors: PONIO Christoper
Published: June 2024

With the growing lapses of sports-based strategies in the Philippine setting, the gap between its theoretical foundation and its praxis has ballooned, predominantly attributed to the need for more academic work in this area. Correspondingly, this study provides implications for sports-related strategies for predicting a positive public image of the Philippines and harboring peaceful state cooperation through the merits of soft power. To achieve this, this paper has contrived the objectives, including (1) identifying the implications of hosting the SEA Games 2019 for the country by examining the management of the Philippine government, (2) determining the implications of the elite sporting success of Filipino athletes in sports tournaments, and, lastly, (3) identifying the potential of sports through the implementation of sports-related strategy by the Philippines. Moreover, this paper implements qualitative methods, including document review and key informant interviews, to gather pertinent testimonials from various sub-sectors in sports, including national elite athletes, professional coaches, and sports experts, to assess the state of Philippine sports and significantly determine its potential as a serious form of public diplomacy, particularly in achieving its intended outcomes. This study infers that Philippine sports have the capability to influence the country's stature with consideration of the global media as well as advance its foreign policy of international cooperation.
One Journal, Different Practices: A Corpus-Based Study of Interactive Metadiscourse in Applied Linguistics
Authors: Lu Sitong , Jiang Feng (Kevin)
Published: July 2024

Research articles are a primary medium for scholars to communicate with disciplinary community, but there is little evidence suggesting how much writing practices on different research subjects within a discipline diverge in a single journal. This study remedies the oversight by comparing the use of interactive metadiscourse in the papers of Applied Linguistics on language acquisition and discourse analysis. Based on a corpus of 30 research articles on each research subject, results show that writers in language acquisition make a significantly more frequent use of additive and consequential transitional markers, reformulators, and non-integral citations. However, discourse analysts prefer to invest in exemplifiers, linear and non-linear references and topic shifts. All the differences can be attributable to the characteristics of disciplinary research paradigms, which lead to different knowledge-making and interactive patterns in academic writing. The findings offer empirical evidence to the rhetorical function of metadiscourse in constructing disciplinary knowledge, and raise pedagogical implications for EAP instructors to help scholars in applied linguistics increase international publications.
Microwave-supported one-pot reaction for the synthesis of 5-alkyl/arylidene-2-(morpholin/thiomorpholin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one derivatives over MgO solid base
Authors: Nguyen Thi Son , Nguyen Van Duc , Thuy Linh Nguyen Nhat , Nam Anh Pham , Luu Van Boi , Do Huy Hoang
Published: July 2024

In this study, we synthesized 5-alkyl/arylidene-2-(morpholin/thiomorpholin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one through a one-pot reaction using all starting materials in a microwave oven. The presence of the solid base MgO catalyzed the reaction in the eco-friendly solvent of ethanol as a green chemistry approach owing to the noticeable advantages of short reaction times to save energy and less toxic starting materials for environmental friendliness. This indicates that the one-pot reaction makes the process simpler, in which the reaction time (1 h) is shorter than that of conventional methods (10 h). The yield of the reactions reached 55–76% for 18 final products consisting of 17 derivatives of morpholine or thiomorpholine with various aldehydes and one extended moiety of the primary amine, of which 13/18 final compounds were new. The purification procedure was performed without using polluting solvents. The structures were confirmed using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and MS analyses.
SAĞLIK HARCAMALARI VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: OECD ÜLKELERİNDEN KANITLAR
Authors: Geyik Osman , Şeren Gamze Yıldız , Iliman Tarık
Published: June 2024

Toplumların sürdürülebilir bir yaşam standardı sağlamasında elzem olan sağlık hizmetleri, meydana getirdiği pozitif dışsallıklarla refahı artırıcı bir rol oynamaktadır. Bununla bağlantılı olarak sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumunun etkin gerçekleşebilmesi için sağlık harcamaları oldukça önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Literatürde yer alan çalışmalar mercek altına alındığında sağlık harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisinin dikkat çekici bir konu olduğu görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda söz konusu çalışma odak noktasına sağlık harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme arasında nasıl bir ilişki olduğu hususunu almaktadır. 35 OECD ülkesi özelinde gerçekleştirilen çalışmada panel veri analizi kullanılmış ve 2001-2020 dönemi ele alınmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre sağlık harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme arasında kısa dönemde bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır. Bununla beraber orta ve uzun vadede anlamlı/pozitif bir ilişki söz konusudur. Bu bulgulara ek olarak yaşlı bağımlılık oranı ve nüfus yoğunluğu ekonomik büyüme ile negatif bir ilişki içerisindedir. İstihdam gücü açısından ekonomik büyüme ile pozitif/anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
ZANIECZYSZCZENIA ŻYWNOŚCI – CHARAKTERYSTYKA I REGULACJE PRAWNE. CZĘŚĆ II
Authors: GAŁKOWSKA DOROTA , KAPUŚNIAK KAMILA , PYCIA KAROLINA , JUSZCZAK LESŁAW
Published: June 2024

Background: Appropriately shaped food law and food safety policy pursued by European Union institutions, covering all stages of the food chain, are intended to guarantee consumers safe food and access to appropriate information related to food safety, including withdrawals of dangerous products. In addition to microbiological threats, chemical threats are a key issue, including: mycotoxins, plant toxins, heavy metals, persistent halogenated organic pollutants, process pollutants and others. The original legal act establishing maximum levels of certain contaminants in foodstuffs was Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006, which, after numerous amendments, was repealed and replaced by Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 of 25 April 2023. The first part of the work characterized plant toxins including erucic acid, tropane and pyrrolizidine alkaloids and opium alkaloids, hydrogen cyanide and cyanogenic glycosides, and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol equivalents as food contaminants. The aim of the second part of this study was to characterize other food contaminants, the maximum permissible levels of which were introduced by amendments to Regulation EC 1881/2006 and included in the current EU Regulation 2023/915. Results and conclusions: Numerous amendments to Regulation 1881/2006 and, consequently, Regulation 2023/915, in addition to the maximum permissible levels of plant toxin residues, have introduced the highest permissible levels for red valgus spores and ergot alkaloids – in the category of mycotoxins, for arsenic – in the category of metals and other elements, for perfluoroalkyl substances – in the group of persistent halogenated organic pollutants, for the sum of 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) and 3-MCPD fatty acid esters, expressed as 3-MCPD and glycidyl fatty acid esters, expressed as glycidol – in the process pollutant category and for melamine and perchlorate, classified as other pollutants. The list of chemical hazards is, of course, not exhaustive and, in accordance with the recommendations of the European Commission, the traces of brominated flame retardants, the presence of nickel, hydrocarbons of mineral oils and the presence of furan and alkylfurans in food are subject to monitoring.
DETERMINANTS OF ENSURING FOOD SECURITY OF MANUFACTURERS OF THE GRAIN AND OIL GROUP OF UKRAINE ON THE EUROPEAN
Authors: SVYNOUS NADIIA , HOLUB NATALIIA , DATSENKO IHOR , SYTNYK VALERII , KAPELISTA IRYNA
Published: June 2024

Background. In the article, the directions of food security of Ukraine were developed, which, based on the principles of sustainable development of agricultural producers, ensure the stability of their food system, which is integrated into the synergized logistics chains of the supply of high-quality agricultural raw materials of the grain and oil group on the European market. The methods of diagnosing the state of food security of the state (rural territory or region) through the resource component of simple or extended reproduction of the food system of agricultural producers were determined. Results and conclusions. Mathematical models of outsourcing (transportation service of commodity producers of grain and oil group) were identified in order to improve the forecasting of indicators of the technological process of production (sale) of products. The process of re-producing the potential of the food system of commodity producers of the grain and oil group in the logistics chains of the agro-raw material segment of the European market was formed. A comparative analysis of the production and sales of grain and oil group commodity producers on the Ukrainian and European markets was conducted, as well as the volume of grain stocks in the state resources of Ukraine was assessed.
WPŁYW WYSOKIEGO CIŚNIENIA NA WYBRANE WŁAŚCIWOŚCI MLEKA KOZIEGO
Authors: JANKOWSKA AGNIESZKA , KIEŁCZEWSKA KATARZYNA , WACHOWSKA MARIA , MARCINIAK DAMIAN
Published: June 2024

Background. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the pressure of 200 ÷ 500 MPa/20 oC/15 min. on the selected characteristics of goat’s milk. The total bacterial count (OLD), psychrotrophic bacterial count, acidity, protein, casein and free fatty acid (FFA) content were determined and microscopic images of the milk were analyzed. The analyses were performed immediately after pres sure application and during 14 days of storage at 4 oC. Results and conclusions. The application of the pressure of 200 ÷ 400 MPa resulted in a significant (p ≤ 0.05) pressure-dependent reduction in OLD. Applying the pressure of 500 MPa resulted in a complete reduction of OLD. Psychrotrophic bacteria were not found immediately after the application of the pres sure of 300 ÷ 500 MPa; however, an increase of these bacteria was observed during storage. The applica tion of the pressure of 200 ÷ 500 MPa had no effect on acidity immediately after pressurization and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the increase in milk acidity during storage. Pressurization resulted in an increase of casein content, while no significant change of protein content was found (p > 0.05), which may be due to the interaction of casein with whey proteins. The effect of the pressure of 200 ÷ 500 MPa resulted in an increase in FFA content. During storage, the FFA content was lower in the pressurized milk compared to the control milk. Differences were found in the microscopic images of control and pressure-treated milk immediately after pressurization and after storage. These changes were due to the aggregation of fat glob ules immediately after pressurization and the formation of clusters of fat globules and coagulated protein during storage.
THE DETERMINANTS OF NEUTRALIZING THE INFLUENCE OF THE PRODUCTION RISKS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE PROCESSING INDUSTRY
Authors: YAVORSKA TETIANA , KOSTYUK OKSANA , KOSTIUK MYKOLA , TSVILIY SERGIY , OGLOBLINA VIKTORIIA
Published: June 2024

Background. The article explores the impact of production risks in agricultural enterprises on the competitiveness of the processing industry, considering information asymmetry in an unpredictable environment. The paper identifies key production-stimulating elements crucial for the processing industry competitiveness using the theory of value. Economic ties between agricultural enterprises and processing industry subjects aim to integrate production and technological cycles for enhanced competitiveness. The article characterizes quasi-crisis pressures in the processing industry, providing indicators for economic relations between agricultural enterprises and processing industry subjects. The paper analyzes Ukraine's grain, oil and animal-origin raw material production for the processing industry and assesses the country's processing industry competitiveness crisis level. The financial processes of meat-processing agricultural holdings in Ukrainian regions, excluding occupied territories, were studied, considering private foreign investments in the pre-war and war period. Results and conclusions. In summary, the methods employed in this research encompass a combination of an economic analysis, risk management techniques, a theoretical synthesis, diagnostic tools, a stakeholder analysis and a resource system analysis. These methods would be tailored to address the specific challenges faced by the agricultural and processing industry. Changes in the competitiveness crisis level of meat-processing agroholdings were calculated, taking into account the production and technological cycle. The article concludes with anti-crisis scenarios for cross-industry interaction to neutralize competitiveness crisis factors.
Land commoning in deagrarianized contexts: Potentials for agroecology?
Authors: Wach Elise , Hall Ruth
Published: July 2024

Amid socially and ecologically failing food systems, land commoning has been proposed as a pathway to align food systems with agroecology and food sovereignty. This article aims to contribute to nascent understandings of land commoning movements in relatively deagrarianized contexts by presenting two distinct and complementary case studies in England and South Africa. We show how commoning imaginaries in both contexts are informed by racial justice politics. These movements offer some potential to change food provisioning yet are also limited by tensions with other strategies for both racial justice and agroecology that reinforce individualized property relations. We argue that the nuances and potentials of land commoning movements in deagrarianized contexts merit further research.
Peculiarities of preschool children’s usage of digital gadgets determined by adults
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Kalabina Inna Aleksandrovna , Nikitina Ekaterina Alexandrovna ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Nikolaeva Elena Ivanovna ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The study raises the problem of preschool children’s actions with gadgets and the mediation of this behavior by parents. The use of various gadgets by preschool children is a widespread practice. It is known that the effectiveness of a preschool child’s cognitive activity is largely determined by adult involvement. There is still no sufficient basis to conclude how effectively parents can use the gadget when interacting with their child. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to analyze what exactly 4-6 year-old-children do when they receive a gadget and how this activity is controlled by adults. Materials and Methods. A semi-structured interview with preschoolers was conducted in a psychologist’s office in a kindergarten. The psychologist had a list of compulsory questions, but if necessary, clarifying questions were asked so that the child’s answer was as complete as possible. The sample included 69 children aged between 5 and 7 years attending kindergartens in St. Petersburg. Informed consents were obtained from their parents. The ethical committee of the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia (IRB 00011060 Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia IRB#1) approved the study (protocol No. 24 dated November 27, 2023). The interview included questions related to the child's use of gadgets at home. Children explained what gadgets they use, how long they can do it, what they do when they receive a gadget, under what conditions this happens (the child uses a gadget alone / the adult comes up from time to time/ the adult is constantly with the child at this moment/ an adult discusses with the child what he/she was doing with the gadget). Results. The main result is that, having received the gadget, the vast majority of children are left alone with it. When the usage time is over, adults do not discuss the content of this activity. If something scares a child while playing or watching video content on YouTube, he/she does not tell the adult about it because he/she is afraid that he/she will no longer receive the gadget. Conclusions. When most parents offer their child a gadget, they do not use its potential for communication with the child and joint cognitive activity. The gadget allows the parent to get time for their needs in socially acceptable conditions.
The effectiveness of metacognitive strategies for online reading in a foreign language at university
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Gertsen Svetlana Mikhailovna , Babich Olga Andreevna ,   University of Tyumen, Shutova Elena Yurievna ,   University of Tyumen, Ozhgibesova Nina Yurievna ,   University of Tyumen
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The authors addressed the problem of using metacognitive strategies as an effective way to develop students’ lexical knowledge when reading online in foreign language classes at a university. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of using metacognitive strategies when students read online and to evaluate their impact on the success of learning reading and vocabulary. Materials and Methods. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the authors used theoretical (analysis, comparison) and empirical (observation, survey) methods. The experimental groups of students completed an electronic survey, which included a set of questions distributed into sections covering adapted questionnaires to assess the reasons for students performing certain actions in the process of reading, planning, monitoring and evaluating what they read, as well as a set of factors that can influence the improvement of students’ lexical knowledge. Results. The authors analyzed and summarized the results of students’ work with texts, exercises and vocabulary in three experimental groups of students, divided according to the degree of using metacognitive strategies in teaching online reading, and came to the conclusion that students of the first experimental group who took a course in metacognitive strategies surpassed students in the other two groups in terms of their ability to plan, control and evaluate reading (according to questionnaire data). Students of the first experimental group showed the best results in mastering lexical skills. Thus, the use of metacognitive strategies in teaching online reading has contributed to better results for students when working with texts and vocabulary. Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrate that teaching students metacognitive strategies for online reading is an effective way to work with texts and vocabulary in foreign language classes.
Principles of instructional design in adult education: Vectors of change and modelling opportunities based on educational technologies
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Kicherova Marina Nikolaevna , Trifonova Irina Sergeevna ,   University of Tyumen, Payusova Tatyana Igorevna ,   University of Tyumen
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The issue of instructional design development is examined, with a particular focus on the potential for developing variable models based on technological solutions which facilitate the synchronisation of adult learning with the demands of the labour market. The aim of this article is to determine the principles of the instructional design for adults, and to identify the key vectors of change influenced by educational technology (EdTech). Materials and Methods. The methodology was based on ecosystem and socio- environmental approaches, as well as the methods of content analysis, expert interviews and modelling. The method of a qualitative content analysis was used to examine scientific sources with a search depth of 10 years. The selection of experts for interviews was carried out on a criterion sample: work experience in adult education, continuing professional development, consulting, and EdTech. The data were analysed on 15 expert interviews. The authors employed the modelling method to construct a conceptual model of instructional design. Results. The authors have identified and revealed the differences between instructional design and classical didactics, presented in the educational paradigm shift towards a greater learner agency, an open multidimensional learning environment, and ecosystem connections. As a result, the authors have pointed out three stages of instructional design development, revealed its peculiarities, and identi-fied potential avenues for change. The authors have summarised and formulated the principles of a modern data-driven instructional design, based on the examples of EdTech companies Skillbox, Skyeng, Stepik, Synergy, SkillFactory, Universalium, Synchronisation. The principles are as follows: personali-sation, customisation, variability, reduction of a feedback loop, analysis of group and individual educational experiences, immersion in practice and social context. Furthermore, the authors have con-structed and described a conceptual model of the instructional design for adults. Conclusions. In conclusion, the authors present a summary of the principles identified in the field of the modern data-driven instructional design for adult education. Instructional design is regard-ed as a scientific discipline and practice. The model of instructional design developed by the authors provides adaptability and the capacity for redesigning educational programmes for adults in continuing professional development and EdTech, thereby contributing to the creation of a lifelong learning eco-system.
Sustainable dynamics of neural connections: A new concept of the emergence of cognition
Authors:   Kuban State Technological University, Trofimov Victor Maratovich
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The problem of describing cognition as a result of the biological evolution of neural processes in the brain is especially difficult due to the need to involve a whole range of sciences and the competencies accumulated in them. The aim of this work is to identify and substantiate such dynamics of interaction processes in the neural network of the brain which explains their high intensity and maximum stability in the band of physical limitations of the existence of protein bodies. An important aspect of this goal is the need to substantiate the stages of biological evolution leading to the emergence of cognition (mind). Materials and Methods. The work mainly used heuristic methods: analogy, hypothetical-deductive method, modeling and thought experiment. The analogy involved the exact results of the theory of turbulence obtained from the variation principle. The modeling used the ideas of the similarity and dimensionality method, as well as the hydrodynamic laminar-turbulent transition. The hypothetical-deductive method used the ideas of the evolutionary method of the origin of species. Results. The author formulated and substantiated the concept of dynamics of high-intensity and maximally sustainable processes of interaction of neurons of the brain. The main results include the following: the analogy is revealed between information processes in living and inanimate nature with a reasonable common key for their understanding; within the framework of hydrodynamic analogy, a continuum model of the environment of neural interactions is proposed for the first time and the stages of the evolution of the nervous network are substantiated; the hypothesis of the transition to cognition as a consequence of the biological evolution of the neural network is formulated. Conclusions. The principle of sustainable dynamics allows us to consider cognitive processes from elementary acts of cognition to the emergence of reflection as a whole as an act of consciousness from a single point of view.
Characteristic features of brain development and remedial methods for autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Review of current research
Authors:   Federal State University of Education, Khaustov Sergei Anatolyevich , Dubynin Vyacheslav Albertovich ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Deep understanding of neurobiological processes in normal and abnormal children is crucially important for developing remedial procedures for mental development disorders and using inclusive learning methods. The purpose of this article is to summarize modern and most relevant information about the brain structure and functioning features in connection with disorders of neural structures, pathways and networks, as well as psychosocial and educational remedial methods for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Materials and Methods. The work is based on a comprehensive experimental research results analysis in the field of cognitive sciences and related areas affecting the issues of neurodivergent states. Research articles published between 2003 and 2024, mainly between 2021 and 2024, were used as materials. Results. Within the framework of this study, the authors identified key common and distinctive features of pathogenesis, epidemiology, and the neurobiological foundations of the ASD and ADHD development. Examples of disorders observed at the level of brain anatomical structures and functioning of individual neural networks are demonstrated. The spread of a symptomatic manifestations variety, concomitant disorders (comorbidity), the difficulty in differentiating the concepts of norm and pathology in a wide range of neurodivergent conditions are emphasized. Summarizing the data on various methods of therapy and treatment, the authors justified the key role of psychosocial adaptation within the framework of school education, which requires teachers’ understanding the peculiarities of mental development and techniques for interacting with neurodivergent children. Transmission of carefully selected information about the peculiarities of mental development to children seems to be relevant in order to help them understand their own problems and find solutions to them. These topics can be integrated into in the biology course given by appropriately prepared teachers. Conclusions. Rehabilitation and integration into society of children with ASD and ADHD is the main and practically the only way to solve the problem, requiring an understanding of the neurodevelopment peculiarities, conscious and tolerant attitude on the part of teachers, psychologists, parents and peers. The article is addressed to specialists in the field of psychology, special and inclusive education, pediatricians, educators, teachers, parents.