bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propagação vegetativa de Hyptis leucocephala Mart. ex Benth. e Hyptis platanifolia Mart. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Oliveira L.M , Nepomuceno C.F , Freitas N.P , Pereira D.M.S , Silva G.C , Lucchese A.M
Published: April 2011

O gênero Hyptis (Lamiaceae) apresenta metabolismo especial de notável variabilidade, possuindo predominância de óleos essenciais, que têm muito valor junto a diversas comunidades que utilizam essas plantas pelas propriedades terapêuticas. Diversos estudos com esse gênero têm demonstrado que os óleos essenciais apresentam propriedades antimicrobiana, antifúngica, citotóxica, antiinflamatória, anti-HIV e inseticida, entretanto, poucos são os estudos voltados para a exploração sustentável dessas espécies. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de estaca e diferentes concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) sobre a taxa de sobrevivência, crescimento e enraizamento de estacas de Hyptis leucocephala Mart. ex Benth. e Hyptis platanifolia Mart. ex Benth., espécies endêmicas do semi-árido nordestino cujo valor medicinal tem sido amplamente comprovado. O experimento teve duração de quatro meses. Foram utilizadas estacas apicais, médio-apicais, médio-basais e basais tratadas com soluções de 0, 1000, 2000 e 4000 mg L-1 de ácido indolbutírico (AIB), durante 5 minutos. A utilização de estacas apicais, médio/apicais e médio/basais induzidas com 2000 e 4000 mg L-1 de AIB possibilitaram melhores resultados para propagação vegetativa de Hyptis leucocephala. Para Hyptis platanifolia os melhores resultados foram obtidos com a utilização de estacas médio/basais e basais tratadas com AIB na concentração de 2000 e 4000 mg L-1.
Seasonal variation in the phenol content of Eugenia uniflora L. leaves
Authors: Santos R.M , Oliveira M.S , Ferri P.H , Santos S.C
Published: April 2011

Hydrolysable tannins, total phenols and flavonoids in Eugenia uniflora leaves were monthly analysed for one year. The results were correlated with climate conditions (rainfall, humidity, cloudiness and mean temperature) through chemometric methods. Principal component analysis revealed high levels of hydrolysable tannins in the rainy season, whereas flavonoids were mainly produced in the dry season. These facts suggest that climatic changes may be one of the factors affecting phenol levels in Eugenia uniflora.
Avaliação preliminar da atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. - Hil.) obtido por extração com CO2 supercrítico
Authors: Carelli G , Macedo S.M.D , Valduga A.T , Corazza M.L , Oliveira J.V , Franceschi E , Vidal R , Jaskulski M.R
Published: April 2011

Ilex paraguariensis A. St. - Hil. (erva-mate) é uma árvore pertencente à família Aquifoleaceae, nativa da região sul da América do Sul e de grande importância cultural e econômica para os três estados da região sul do Brasil. O presente trabalho determinou o potencial antimicrobiano do extrato de erva-mate obtido por fluido supercrítico, frente a alguns microrganismos. As folhas de Ilex paraguariensis foram coletadas na região norte do RS. O extrato bruto da planta desidratada foi obtido pelo método de extração com fluido supercrítico, utilizando dióxido de carbono (CO2) como solvente. Foi obtida a solução mãe desse extrato (100 mg mL-1) que a seguir foi diluído (50; 25; 12,5; 6,25 mg mL-1) para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana por meio da técnica de difusão do disco em ágar Müeller Hinton, sobre cepas de Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) e Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). As análises foram efetuadas em triplicata, utilizando como controle negativo disco estéril sem impregnação e como controle positivo discos de antibióticos comerciais variáveis de acordo com a espécie bacteriana. Após 16 a 24h de incubação a 35ºC os halos com significância foram medidos. Observou-se atividade antimicrobiana frente a S. aureus (halos de inibição variaram entre 7 e 18 mm) e para P. aeruginosa (halos entre 6 e 11 mm), ambos nas concentrações de 100 até 25 mg mL-1. O extrato obtido por extração em fluido supercrítico de Ilex paraguariensis apresentou atividade antimicrobiana frente a S. aureus e P. aeruginosa.
Comportamento germinativo de sementes de diferentes cores de pariparoba [Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq.]
Authors: Maia-Almeida C.I , Cavariani C , Oliveira P.F.C , Ming L.C , Mattana R.S , Lima L.P
Published: April 2011

A Pothomorphe umbellata (Piperaceae), é uma espécie medicinal nativa do Brasil, utilizada na indústria de cosméticos e protetores de pele contra raios UVA e UVB. Com o intuito de gerar informações aplicadas à propagação da espécie, o presente trabalho relacionou a coloração e a massa de sementes de P. umbellata a seu comportamento germinativo. A coloração e a massa de sementes de P. umbellata foram características adequadas para avaliar a homogeneidade fisiológica, o vigor, o potencial e o comportamento germinativo. Assim, conclui-se que, embora de germinação lenta, as sementes de coloração preta e mais densa devem ser as escolhidas quando de coleta ou de processo seletivo.
O ensino fundamental de nove anos e o direito à educação
Authors: Arelaro Lisete Regina Gomes , Jacomini Márcia Aparecida , Klein Sylvie Bonifácio
Published: April 2011

Neste artigo são analisadas as consequências das Leis Federais nº. 11. 114/05, que instituiu o início da obrigatoriedade do ensino fundamental aos 6 anos de idade, e a de nº 11. 274/06, que ampliou a duração do ensino fundamental para nove anos, mantido o início aos 6 anos. As análises ora apresentadas são baseadas em documentos e dados empíricos da pesquisa Avaliando políticas educacionais: um estudo sobre a implantação do ensino fundamental de nove anos no Estado de São Paulo, de caráter qualitativo, realizada em redes de ensino municipal e estadual, que envolveu diferentes segmentos: profissionais da educação, pais e crianças de 6 anos matriculadas no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental. As entrevistas e os questionários permitiram o levantamento de opiniões dos sujeitos sobre diversos aspectos da implantação do ensino fundamental de nove anos e a comparação com as intenções anunciadas nos documentos oficiais à luz de três princípios educacionais: direito à educação, gestão democrática e qualidade de ensino. Constatou-se a permanência de práticas que desconsideram tanto os preceitos legais quanto a importância da participação dos envolvidos no processo educativo para a realização de uma educação de qualidade. Da mesma forma, o currículo do primeiro ano reflete somente uma adaptação simplista do antigo currículo da primeira série, com pequenas adequações metodológicas que não incorporam o lúdico como específico da infância. Ficou evidente a insuficiência de recursos materiais e financeiros, a não orientação aos professores, bem como a não discussão do futuro da pré-escola na nova organização escolar.
Ampliação do ensino fundamental: a que demandas atende? A que regras obedece? A que racionalidades corresponde?
Authors: Marcello Fabiana de Amorim , Bujes Maria Isabel Edelweiss
Published: April 2011

O objetivo deste texto é analisar, a partir de um conjunto de materiais oficiais e sob a luz de um referencial foucaultiano, como o ensino fundamental de 9 anos (e a nova organização curricular a ele implicada) torna-se efeito emblemático de um processo de "mudança de ênfases" (Saraiva, Veiga-Neto, 2009) acerca dos tipos de racionalidade que orientam as práticas sociais voltadas para a criança pequena. Para tanto, num primeiro momento, mostra-se de que maneiras outras "mudanças de ênfases" foram operadas em outros contextos nacionais. Ou seja, a partir dos trabalhos de Hultqvist (1998) e Baker (1998), descreve-se como se deram, na Suécia e nos Estados Unidos (respectivamente), profundas modificações no cuidado e atendimento à criança pré-escolar, bem como na proposta e mesmo na forma de organização da escola infantil. Em seguida, e tomando tais autores como base, a discussão analítica empreendida se dá a partir de três tópicos fundamentais: inicialmente, descrevemos a captura da infância em nome de algo que se denomina e se apresenta sob a égide da qualidade; em seguida (e daí decorrente), voltamos nosso olhar para a relação entre Estado e o conceito de criança-projeto (relação da qual parte uma fórmula criança-ideal - sociedade-ideal) e, por fim, tratamos do conceito de criança-capaz, na qualidade de objeto discursivo que emerge, a um só tempo, do espaço deixado pela lógica de resgate (Baker, 1998) e das tensões mutuamente constitutivas entre educação infantil e ensino fundamental.
Infância e crianças de 6 anos: desafios das transições na educação infantil e no ensino fundamental
Authors: Kramer Sonia , Nunes Maria Fernanda R. , Corsino Patrícia
Published: April 2011

A inserção das crianças de 6 anos no ensino fundamental tem provocado indagações tanto para a educação infantil quanto para o ensino fundamental, especialmente no que tange às políticas e práticas pedagógicas e sua adequação à faixa etária das crianças. O objetivo deste texto é analisar e discutir questões que atravessam essas etapas a partir de pesquisa desenvolvida em creches, escolas de educação infantil e escolas de ensino fundamental. Pesquisar as práticas com crianças na educação infantil permitiu problematizar o trabalho com as crianças de 6 anos no ensino fundamental. Mais do que conceber as duas etapas de modo dicotômico, trata-se - na ótica deste texto - de pensar, para além, transições e desafios na organização dos sistemas de ensino e em termos de políticas e gestão pública, de propostas curriculares e de formação de professores e de todos os profissionais envolvidos neste trabalho. Com este objetivo, o primeiro item analisa as políticas da educação básica no contexto da expansão da obrigatoriedade e os desafios para trabalhar com as crianças de 6 anos. O segundo apresenta e problematiza a pesquisa no que diz respeito às práticas de leitura e escrita observadas. O terceiro sugere prioridades para o trabalho com a leitura e a escrita na educação infantil e nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, a formação e as transições.
Violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes: identificação, manejo e conhecimento da rede de referência por fonoaudiólogo em serviços públicos de saúde
Authors: Acioli Raquel Moura Lins , Lima Maria Luiza Carvalho de , Braga Maria Cynthia , Pimentel Fernando Castim , Castro Adriana Guerra de
Published: April 2011

OBJETIVOS: descrever o perfil e a conduta dos fonoaudiólogos das redes pública, filantrópica e privada conveniada com o SUS da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, diante dos casos suspeitos e/ou confirmados de violência contra crianças e adolescentes, de agosto a outubro de 2008. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo de corte transversal que envolveu os fonoaudiólogos da rede do SUS com mais de um ano de formação. Constituíram variáveis do estudo as características sociodemográficas, área de atuação profissional, informações sobre o perfil acadêmico dos profissionais e dos casos suspeitos e/ou confirmados de violência por eles relatados, obtidas a partir da utilização de questionário estruturado, analisados posteriormente através de frequências simples e sumarizadas pelo teste de quiquadrado e teste Exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: dos 89 fonoaudiólogos, 43,8% (39)atenderam casos suspeitos e/ou confirmados de violência, sendo a violência física a mais frequente (35%). Dos 70 casos relatados, 2,9% (2) foram denunciados aos órgãos competentes. A maioria encaminhou os casos para atendimento pelo serviço social ou psicológico (34,3%). Cerca de 50% dos casos abandonou o tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: verificou-se um reduzido número de notificações de violência ocasionado, possivelmente, pela pouca informação dos fonoaudiólogos sobre as medidas a serem tomadas, o que sugere a necessidadede capacitação profissional para uma melhor identificação e conduta frente aos casos de violência.
Internações pediátricas por condições sensíveis à atenção primária em Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Caldeira Antônio Prates , Fernandes Viviane Braga Lima , Fonseca Walysson Pereira , Faria Anderson Antônio
Published: April 2011

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados às internações pediátricas por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (CSAP). MÉTODOS: realizouse inquérito hospitalar ao longo de um ano, com amostra representativa ealeatória de crianças internadas em um município do norte de Minas Gerais. Enfermarias pediátricas foram visitadas uma vez por semana em dias diferentes. Foram investigadas variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e relacionadas às condições de saúde. Para a definição das afecções sensíveis a atenção primária utilizou-se a relação oficial publicada pelo Ministério da Saúde. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para avaliação conjunta das variáveis associadas às internações por CSAP. RESULTADOS: foram entrevistadas 365 famílias e a prevalência de internações por CSAP foi de 41,4%(n=151). O modelo final revelou que, em uma análise conjunta, as variáveis se mantiveram estatisticamente associadas com as internações por CSAP foram: residir em área da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (RP=1,19; IC95%=1,03-1,61) e idade menor que dois anos de idade (RP=1,42; IC95%=1,35-1,51). CONCLUSÕES: a prevalência observada é semelhante à encontrada em outros estudos e salienta a necessidade de melhoria dos cuidados ambulatoriais para a faixa etária estudada.
Exclusive breast feeding and prevention of diarrheal diseases: a study in Qatar
Authors: Bener Abdulbari , Ehlayel Mohammad S. , Abdulrahman Hatim M.
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE: to explore the relationships between breast feeding and diarrhea and to assess the effect of exclusive breast feeding (EBF) on reducing the risk of diarrhea in Qatar. METHODS: this is a cross sectional survey carried out at the Well baby clinics and Pediatric clinics in the 11 Primary Health Care Centers and Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, in Qatar. A multistage sampling design was used and a representative sample of 1500 Qatari infants and preschool children with an age range of 0-3 years and mothers agedbetween 18 to 47 years were surveyed during the period from October 2006 to September 2008 in Qatar. Out of the 1500 mothers, 1278 agreed to participate in this study, with a response rate of 85.2%. Questionnaires were administered to women who were attending Primary Health Care (PHC) Centers for child immunization. Data about the child gathered included date of birth, gender, birth order, consanguinity, socio-economic conditions, age of mother, level of education of mother, occupation, mode of breast feeding, sterilization of bottle and incident of diarrhea during the interview. Univariate statistical methods were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: of the 1278 infants studied, more than half (59.3%) were exclusively breastfed, and the mean duration was11.4 (SD=6.7). The risk for presenting diarrhea was higher in formula fed (48.7%) and partiallybreastfed children (37.3%) when compared to EBF(32.5%). CONCLUSION: EBF plays an important role in reducing the incidence and severity of infantile diarrhea.
Yield traits as selection indices in seedling populations of cassava
Authors: Ojulong Henry Fred , Labuschagne Maryke Tine , Herselman Liezel , Fregene Martin
Published: April 2011

The cassava breeding scheme currently used is long, because initial stages concentrate mainly on improving yield, with root quality selection following later. To shorten the scheme, yield and root quality should be selected simultaneously, starting at the seedling nursery. In this study, a nursery comprising of eight cassava families and 1885 seedlings developed from parents adapted to three major agro-ecologies, were evaluated for yield related traits in Colombia. Percentage dry matter content (DMC) and harvest index produced similar ranking of the parents. Tuber yield, weight, and number showed potential of increasing yield through conventional breeding. A selection index including fresh root yield, percentage DMC, root weight and roots per plant, with heavier weights being assigned to root weight and roots per plant, should be used.
Characterization of soybean genotypes for Asian soybean rust reaction
Authors: Araujo Milena Moura de , Vello Natal Antonio
Published: April 2011

Our objective was to characterize soybean experimental lines for Asian soybean rust reaction. In the 2004/2005 growing season, three experiments were conducted with middle-cycle and three with late-cycle genotypes, designed in randomized blocks with four replications. Twelve experimental lines and two cultivars of each cycle were used. In each experiment the plant management differs as follows: three applications of carbendazim or three of flutriafol or without applications. The experimental lines with high yield, low notes to the symptoms and resistance to lodging, were selected and tested again in the 2005/2006 growing season. Genotypes with high severity and yield were considered tolerant to rust and the low severity and high yield ones as moderately resistant. Among the medium-cycle genotypes, there was moderate resistance to rust in one line and tolerance in five. Among the late-cycle genotypes, the six lines showed moderate resistance. The line USP 97-08135 is more tolerant to rust.
Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of potato cultivars using SSR and RAPD markers
Authors: Rocha Elizângela Almeida , Paiva Luciano Vilela , Carvalho Humberto Henrique de , Guimarães Claudia Teixeira
Published: April 2011

This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and identify potato cultivars by RAPD and SSR markers. The genomic DNA of 16 potato cultivars was amplified with 25 RAPD primers that generated 92 polymorphic bands and 20 SSR primer pairs that produced 136 polymorphic bands. The dendrograms generated by cluster analysis distinguished the cultivars genetically although the dendrograms were not correlated in the comparison of the two markers used. The PIC values demonstrated the high information content of the primers used and 16 potato varieties were identified based on six RAPD primers and three SSR primer pairs. Thus, by means of RAPD and SSR markers the genetic diversity was assessed and the 16 commercial potato cultivars analyzed in this study were identified.
Agronomic, physical and chemical characterization of banana fruits
Authors: Mattos Lorenna Alves , Amorim Edson Perito , Cohen Kelly de Oliveira , Amorim Tamyres Barbosa de , Silva Sebastião de Oliveira e
Published: April 2011

The purpose of this study was to characterize 26 banana accessions of the active genebank of Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruits (Brazil) for agronomic, physical and physicochemical characteristics. The plant height of the diploid 028003-01 and triploid Walha was short. Regarding the number of fruits and bunch weight, the triploids Caipira, Thap Maeo and the tetraploids Ambrósia and Calipso performed particularly well. Total carotenoid contents were highest in the diploids Jaran and Malbut. The total contents of flavonoid and polyphenol, two natural antioxidants, were highest in tetraploid Teparod. Wide genetic variability was detected for most agronomic, physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits of the banana accessions, enabling the planning of breeding for the development of hybrids with short stature, high yield, pest resistance and high carotenoid, flavonoid and/or polyphenol contents.
Genetic variation of Indian potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes using chromosomal and RAPD markers
Authors: Das Anath Bandhu , Mohanty Iswar Chandra , Mahapatra Dawanidhi , Mohanty Suprava , Ray Ashutosh
Published: April 2011

Genetic diversity in thirty Indian potatoes were analyzed employing karyotype, genome size and RAPD markers. Chromosome analysis revealed 2n = 4x = 48 except cv. K. Chandramukhi (2n = 4x + 2 = 50). Total genomic chromosome length and chromosome volume varied from 21.14µm in cv. K. Pukhraj to 31.91µm in cv. MS/89-60 and 14.31µm³ in cv. MS/92-1090 to 33.16µm³ in cv. JW-160 respectively. 4C DNA content was significantly varied from 3.640 pg (~891 Mbp) in cv. MS/92-1090 to 11.12 pg (~2747 Mbp) in cv. K. Chandramukhi. RAPD revealed 131 amplified DNA fragments (300 to 2200 bp) with 79 unique bands (7 to 71% polymorphism) among the genotypes. Similarity coefficients (ranged from 0.29 to 0.93) and cluster analysis reflected the expected trends in relationships of the full and half-sib potato genotypes. Genetic distances obtained from a dendrogram could help breeders to choose the diverse parents for a breeding program aimed at varietal improvement.
Evaluation of maize hybrids and environmental stratification by the methods AMMI and GGE biplot
Authors: Oliveira Rogério Lunezzo de , Von Pinho Renzo Garcia , Balestre Márcio , Ferreira Denys Vitor
Published: April 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate yield stability, adaptability and environmental stratification by the methods AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis) and GGE (Genotype and Genotypes by Environment Interaction) biplot and to compare the efficiency of these methods. Data from the evaluation of 20 experimental single-cross and three commercial hybrids and 11 locations, in two growing seasons, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 were used. Analyses of variance, adaptability, stability and environmental stratification were performed. A better combination of adaptability and stability was observed in the hybrids 10 and 16, according to the graphics of AMMI and GGE biplot methods, respectively. The number of locations could be reduced by 28% based on stratification. The predictive correlation of the AMMI and GGE methods was 0.88 and 0.86, respectively. The results showed that it is possible to reduce the number of evaluation sites; AMMI tended to be more accurate than GGE analysis.
Variability in Macadamia integrifolia by RAPD markers
Authors: Machado Neto Nelson Barbosa , Moryia Adriano Takashi
Published: April 2011

Macadamia is one of the most valuable commercial nuts and its culture is a good alternative for small farmers or for large properties with a low capacity for the mechanization of its areas. Macadamia clones, due to their morphological proximity exhibited some difficulties in field identification that could difficult the right plant distribution. The objective of this work was to genetically characterize, by RAPD markers, different macadamia clones under cultivation. Leaves from 'HAES-741', 'HAES-660', 'IAC-920BX', 'IAC-920', 'HAES-344', 'IAC-420', 'HAES-816', 'IAC-1.21', 'Shimada', 'IAC - Campinas B', 'IAC - Campinas A' and 'HAES-Aloha' were donated by Queen Nut Macadâmia. DNA was extracted and amplified with 15 primers and the binary data (presence/absence of bands) collected was used and dendrograms constructed. Clone identification, via RAPD was possible using primers Op G18, C19 and C7. Most of the genetic variation is inside the Brazilian or Hawaiian groups rather than between the groups and could allow inbreeding or crossing between distant clones.
Magnitude of the genetic base of commercial popcorn and in recommendation in Brazil
Authors: Paula Thiago Otávio Mendes de , Gonçalves Leandro Simões Azeredo , Amaral Júnior Antonio Teixeira do , Oliveira Érica Cristina de , Silva Vanessa Quitete Ribeiro da , Scapim Carlos Alberto , Lopes Ana Daniela
Published: April 2011

The purpose of this study was to quantify the genetic diversity among popcorn genotypes on the market and in the final test phase, suitable for three environments in Brazil, based on 11 agronomic traits and ISSR markers. In the environment Campos dos Goytacazes a more reliable group formation was observed than in the other environments. The molecular data indicated the presence of cultivars recommended in the same group, as in the case of UFVM2 Barão de Viçosa, IAC 125, Zélia and Jade. This result is an appeal to the few popcorn breeders in Brazil to pay particular attention to increase the genetic diversity among breeding programs conducted by public and private institutions in the country. There was virtually no correlation between the distance matrix obtained by the ISSR marker and the matrices obtained by the agronomic data.
Evolution of the response of segregating populations of plums and the association with microsatellite markers of leaf scald
Authors: Dalbó Marco Antonio , Klabunde Gustavo Henrique Ferrerro , Nodari Rubens Onofre , Fernandes Denise , Basso Marcos Fernando
Published: April 2011

The evolution of leaf scald (Xylella fastidiosa) resistance was evaluated in individuals of seven plum segregating populations, consisted of seedling progenies originating from crosses involving nine plum cultivars, with varied levels of resistance. Plants were submitted to artificial inoculation in 2001 and evaluated annually from 2002 to 2007 for the evolution of leaf scald symptoms. All populations showed an evolution of symptom severity during the evaluated period. The population Amarelinha x Carazinho was the most resistant while populations Chatard x Santa Rosa and Chatard x Simka were the most susceptible ones. The populations Chatard x Harry Pickstone and Chatard x Angeleno exhibited an intermediate behavior. The analysis of genetic segregation of microsatellite markers and disease resistance curves in different populations indicated that inheritance to leaf scald resistance is polygenic and predominantly recessive, with an eventual presence of major QTLs in susceptible parents.
Stability and adaptability of upland rice genotypes
Authors: Balestre Marcio , Santos Vanderley Borges dos , Soares Antonio Alves , Reis Moisés Souza
Published: April 2011

The aim of this study was to identify upland rice genotypes with high stability and adaptability by the GGE biplot method based on the predicted genotypic and phenotypic values. Of the 20 genotypes evaluated, 14 were lines developed by the cooperative program for rice improvement of Minas Gerais and six were controls. The GGE biplot analysis showed that cultivar BRS Pepita and MG1097 were closest to the ideal genotype. In the comparison of the fixed with the random models (% G + GE, prediction error sum of squares and correlation), it was observed that the use of phenotypic means in all comparative parameters indicated a lower predictive potential under simulated imbalance than the use of predicted genotypic values. The conclusion was drawn that BRS Pepita and MG1097 are ideal genotypes for southern Minas Gerais and that the predictive power of the phenotypic means underlying the study of stability and adaptability is lower than of genotypic means.
Genetic similarity of Jatropha curcas accessions based on AFLP markers
Authors: Santos Carlos Antonio Fernandes , Drumond Marcos Antonio , Rodrigues Marciene Amorim , Evangelista Marcio Rannieri Viana
Published: April 2011

The genetic relationships between accessions of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) were determined based on AFLP marker. A set of 50 plants from 12 accessions of J. curcas was analyzed with molecular data from 164 loci generated from 17 AFLP primer combinations. Molecular variance of data was analyzed by total decomposition between and within accessions. An UPGMA dendrogram was constructed based on genetic distances estimated by Jaccard's similarity coefficient. The well-defined dendrogram showed a cophenetic value of 0.91. Groups of plants were observed in six of the 12 accessions studied with similarity of over 30 %, indicating high genetic variability. The variation among accessions was estimated to be 0.275, also indicating high variability. These results show that the genetic variability of the studied J. curcas accessions is structured according to the origin and that a greater number of populations should be sampled to increase the genetic diversity of the studied genebank.
Introducing the Infrastructure Transitions Research Consortium
Authors: Hall Jim
Published: April 2011

The UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council has launched a £4·7 million, 5-year research programme to model the interaction of national infrastructure systems – one of the largest research programmes in civil engineering. Research consortium leader Jim Hall of Oxford University explains.
Government support is vital to close UK infrastructure funding gap
Authors: Severs Paul
Published: April 2011

Paul Severs of law firm Berwin Leighton Paisner reports on the findings of a recent research report on financing UK infrastructure projects. He concludes that while investors still have an appetite for such projects, government support is needed to close the funding gap.
ICE's restructured learned society – an update
Authors: Brown Alison
Published: April 2011

Three years ago the Institution of Civil Engineers restructured its learned society activities, putting them at the heart of everything it did. Innovation manager Alison Brown reviews progress and successes to date, including current initiatives to get members more involved.
Carbon dioxide from earthworks: a bottom-up approach
Authors: Hughes Lynsay , Phear Alan , Nicholson Duncan , Pantelidou Heleni , Soga Kenichi , Guthrie Peter , Kidd Alex , Fraser Niall
Published: April 2011

Concerns over climate change mean engineers need to understand the greenhouse gas emissions associated with infrastructure projects. Standard coefficients are increasingly used to calculate the embodied emissions of construction materials, but these are not generally appropriate to inherently variable earthworks. This paper describes a new tool that takes a bottom-up approach to calculating carbon dioxide emissions from earthworks operations. In the case of bulk earthworks this is predominantly from the fuel used by machinery moving materials already on site. Typical earthworks solutions are explored along with the impact of using manufactured materials such as lime.
Super subterranean hub: updating King's Cross St Pancras
Authors: Evans Peter , Turzynski John , Oag Robert , Sindle Andy
Published: April 2011

An £810 million, 10-year project to update London's oldest and busiest underground railway station was completed in 2010. Enabled by the Channel Tunnel Rail Link Act 1996 , the redevelopment of King's Cross St Pancras station has doubled its capacity and provided step-free access to all platforms. This paper focuses on the design and construction of the spacious northern ticket hall and associated access tunnels to the three deepest Tube lines. Construction of the 21 m deep excavations and 300 m of tunnels had to be undertaken with great care to minimise disruption to what is now a state-of-the-art national and international transport hub.
The Barker Crossing: Royal Engineers reconnect Workington
Authors: Livesey Caroline
Published: April 2011

The British military routinely provides assistance to the emergency services during UK disasters. Since it was officially established in 1852, The Corps of Royal Engineers has constructed hundreds of bridges to aid civil communities worldwide, but the bridge at Workington was unusual in its expediency. The team delivered a 52 m span footbridge across the River Derwent, converting a greenfield site into a working crossing within 13 days. This paper illustrates some of the difficulties faced during the design, and highlights how familiarity with the equipment and concurrency of design and construction activities resulted in successful installation of the crossing in such a short time-frame.
Effect of rice husk ash fineness on the chemical and physical properties of concrete
Authors: Abu Bakar B. H. , Ramadhansyah P. J. , Megat Azmi M. J.
Published: April 2011

The influence of grinding on the physical properties of rice husk ash (RHA) and Portland cement is examined. The optimum rice husk ash grinding time (i.e. to produce a highly reactive product with minimum grinding energy) was determined. Eight different fineness grades of rice husk ash were examined and it was found that rice husk ash ground for the optimum grinding time had a median particle size of 9·52 μm. A rice husk ash dosage of 15% by weight of binder was used throughout the experiments. It was found that the specific gravity and the fineness of the rice husk ash increase with an increase in grinding time. However, the morphology of the rice husk ash changed with grinding. There appears to be an optimum grinding time of approximately 90 min, during which time the compressive strength and strength activity index increase significantly. The use of rice husk ash ground for 90 min (to 9·52 μm particle size) produced concrete with good strength and low porosity.
Failure lifetime of concrete structures under creep and fracture
Authors: Barpi F. , Valente S.
Published: April 2011

The paper summarises research about the behaviour of concrete in the case of quasi-static fracture and presents some new results about size effects on failure lifetime. The interaction between strain-softening and time-dependent behaviour is examined by means of a viscous rheological element (based on a fractional order rate law) coupled with a micromechanical model for the fracture process zone. Creep fracture in mode I conditions is analysed through the finite-element method and the cohesive crack model. Creep tests executed on three-point bending conditions (at different load levels) are investigated to assess the influence of specimen size on failure lifetime.
Water vapour desorption variability of in situ concrete and effects on drying simulations
Authors: Trabelsi A. , Belarbi R. , Turcry P. , Aït-Mokhtar A.
Published: April 2011

This study assesses the variability of the water vapour desorption isotherm of concrete under site conditions. Knowledge of the distribution law of this property is necessary for probabilistic modelling of the drying of concrete elements. Desorption experiments were carried out on samples of concrete mixtures, taken weekly from a construction site over a 5-month period, by means of the saturated salt solution method. Three theoretical models, used to provide physical descriptions of the measured desorption isotherms, were compared. It was found that a Gaussian law can be used to model variability of the desorption isotherm due to in situ hazards. In order to assess the effect of this statistical variability on predictions of a drying model, numerical simulations were carried out using a finite-element scheme. The results show that desorption isotherm variability has a great influence on the prediction of moisture transfer.
Smart E&P Collaboration Centers: Design, Technology Support and Lessons Learned
Authors: Al-Qahtani Adel A. , Hogg Martin F. , Lau Kenneth K. , Al-Naser Naser A.
Published: April 2011

The application and adoption of collaboration centers in the E&P industry has increased significantly in the past decade. The benefits of collaboration center utilization have been clearly identified including the delivery of cost-effective and fully integrated multidiscipline field, reservoir and well management decisions.

Saudi Aramco has established a number of collaboration centers that directly capitalize on large scale, multidiscipline, value added technical and business collaborations. These centers, for instance, cover areas of Exploration, Geosteering, Real-time Drilling, Field Development, Production and Intelligent Field Management. Tangible economic and technical benefits of such collaboration encompasses: improved recovery, improved technical workflows, technology innovation, enhanced staff skill set development, and significant reduction of critical field development study cycle times. This paper outlines Saudi Aramco's experience from 5 years of utilizing multidiscipline collaboration workrooms with a focus on facility design, technology (software and hardware) support and lessons learned.

Advances in interactive, high performance technology solutions (hardware and software) and easy to use visual communication technologies present additional opportunities to extend and enhance the value added impact of collaboration centers, including virtual collaboration. The need for physical, localized centers will be discussed, compared and evaluated in the context of virtual collaboration center potential. The paper presents a "checklist" methodology for collaboration center design, layout, support and maintenance incorporating the challenges of continuous technology advancement and multidiscipline project complexity.
Effects of Maturity, Genotypic Background, and Temperature on Seed Mineral Composition in Near‐Isogenic Soybean Lines in the Early Soybean Production System
Authors: Bellaloui Nacer , Smith James R. , Gillen Anne M. , Ray Jeffery D.
Published: April 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maturity, genotypic background, and maximum temperature 20 d before maturity on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed mineral concentrations. A field experiment was conducted in Stoneville, MS, in 2004 and 2005, using two sets of near‐isogenic soybean lines that differed in maturity genes. One set of isolines derived from cultivar Clark and the other from cultivar Harosoy. The maturity of each line within a set varied, but all had a common genotypic background. For Clark isolines, there were positive correlations (P < 0.05) between maturity and N with r = 0.83 in 2004 and r = 0. 62 in 2005, and between maturity and Ca (r = 0.59 in 2004 and r = 0.89 in 2005). For Harosoy isolines, there were positive correlations (P < 0.05) between maturity and Ca with r = 0.60 in 2004 and r = 0.83 in 2005, and between maturity and B (r = 0.48 in 2004 and r = 0.72 in 2005). There was a highly significant genotypic background effect (P < 0.01) on seed N, S, Ca, K, Mg, P, and B concentrations, and maturity gene (E‐gene) effect (P < 0.01) on Ca and B. Generally the contribution of genotypic background or maturity to total variation of nutrient concentrations was greater than that of temperature. This information may be useful when developing soybean germplasm with higher seed mineral content by using genotypes with a higher nutrient uptake efficiency trait as either parental lines or source material to improve existing varieties for the seed nutrition trait.
Exotic Scab Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci Effects on Soft Red Winter Wheat
Authors: Kang Jing , Clark Anthony , Van Sanford David , Griffey Carl , Brown‐Guedira Gina , Dong Yanhong , Murphy J. Paul , Costa Jose
Published: April 2011

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a disease that periodically strikes the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States. Breeding for resistant wheat varieties is an effective method of disease control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exotic FHB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL), singly and in combination, on FHB resistance in soft red winter wheat (SRWW). Three FHB resistance QTL on chromosomes 3BS (Fhb1), 2D, and 5A were introgressed from nonadapted Chinese cultivar Ning7840 into the adapted SRWW cultivar McCormick. Eight near‐isogenic lines (NIL) were developed by marker‐assisted backcrossing. The NIL that combined 3BS and 2DL expressed the highest resistance and lowest deoxynivalenol (DON) content in four environments that included three field and one greenhouse studies. These results indicate that the combination of just two QTL (3BS and 2DL) would be useful to breed for improved FHB resistance in SRWW in the mid‐Atlantic region.
Results of 25 Years of Upland Rice Breeding in Brazil
Authors: Breseghello Flavio , de Morais Orlando Peixoto , Pinheiro Patrícia Valle , Silva Ana Carolina Simões , da Maia de Castro Emilio , Guimarães Élcio Perpétuo , de Castro Adriano Pereira , Pereira José Almeida , de Matos Lopes Altevir , Utumi Marley Marico , de Oliveira Jaison Pereira
Published: April 2011

The objective of this study was to estimate the results of the upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding program conducted by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) and collaborators over the period of 1984 to 2009 covering 25 annual steps of improvement. The best lines generated by this program are evaluated in “value for cultivation and use (VCU) trials.” This study used data from 603 VCU trials conducted in seven Brazilian States. The group of lines entering VCU in each year was taken as a sample of the elite program in that year. Best linear unbiased estimates (BLUEs) of the means of groups were computed, and the regression of the BLUEs on years was taken as an estimate of the efficiency of the breeding program. Traits studied were grain yield (GY), days to flowering (DTF), and plant height (PH). For GY, three phases were described: from 1984 to 1992, the gain for GY was nonsignificant, from 1992 to 2002, the yearly gain was 15.7 kg ha−1 (0.53%), and from 2002 to 2009, the yearly gain was 45.0 kg.ha−1 (1.44%). No evidence of yield plateau was observed. There was a reduction of 0.25 d yr−1 in DTF and 0.52 cm yr−1 in PH, reflecting the change from traditional to modern cultivars. Factors influencing the results of the breeding program in this period are discussed.
Allele Mining of Exotic Maize Germplasm to Enhance Macular Carotenoids
Authors: Burt Andrew J. , Grainger Christopher M. , Smid Matthew P. , Shelp Barry J. , Lee Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2011

Lutein and zeaxanthin are commonly referred to as the macular carotenoids, as they are localized to ocular tissues and their loss is associated with age‐related macular degeneration. Thirty‐four high‐carotenoid (HiC) lines exhibiting uniquely high concentrations of carotenoids resulted from allele mining of the Orange Flint race using traditional breeding techniques and visual selection for deep orange endosperm color. Total carotenoid concentrations of the HiC lines ranged from 50 to 101 μg g−1 dry weight (DW) with lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations as high as 66 and 65 μg g−1 DW, respectively, levels higher than reported in previous germplasm surveys. The HiC lines fall into three classes based on the accumulation of the major carotenoid: “high‐lutein,” “high‐zeaxanthin,” and “balanced.” Significant year effects were observed for carotenoid concentrations but not for profiles. During kernel development the pattern of carotenoid accumulation in the HiC lines did not appear to be different than in yellow corn belt dent lines. Collectively, the HiC lines represented only one y1 haplotype, 10 unique haplotypes of lcyE, and two unique haplotypes at crtRB1 Interestingly, previously identified diagnostic polymorphisms within lcyE did not appear to be useful in distinguishing between high‐lutein and high‐zeaxanthin HiC lines, and high β‐carotene levels were achieved despite the presence of a suboptimal crtRB1 allele. The HiC lines illustrate the utility of mining allelic variation from exotic sources coupled with the power of simple visual selection and the potential limitations of diagnostic polymorphisms.
Broiler Litter vs. Ammonium Nitrate as Nitrogen Source for Bermudagrass Hay Production: Yield, Nutritive Value, and Nitrate Leaching
Authors: Woodard Kenneth R. , Sollenberger Lynn E.
Published: April 2011

The Lower Suwannee River Basin (LSRB) in northern Florida is environmentally sensitive. This study evaluated two surface‐applied N sources for ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) hay production and associated risk of nitrate contamination of groundwater. The study was conducted at two locations in the LSRB where soils are deep, sandy Entisols. During a 2.5‐yr period, bermudagrass received sole N source ammonium nitrate (AN), applied at 42, 84, 126, and 168 kg N ha−1 per growth interval, or sole N source broiler (chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus) litter (BL), applied at 84 and 126 kg N ha−1 Plots were arranged using a randomized block design with three or four replications depending on the location. Suction‐cup lysimeters were installed at a 1.4‐m soil depth to monitor nitrate movement from the primary rooting zone. For AN, dry matter yield and crude protein (CP) concentration increased with an increase in N level, while forage P declined and in vitro digestible organic matter increased. Forage yield with BL was 64, 48, and 67% of yield with AN applied at common levels in 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively. Forage CP was mostly less for BL than for AN, but forage P was greater for BL. A potential risk to groundwater quality due to nitrate leaching below the primary rooting zone was observed only with AN applied at 168 kg N ha−1 Probable ammonia emissions from surface‐applied BL, however, likely resulted in poorer bermudagrass production and could impact nearby surface waters.
Three Cycles of Full‐Sib Reciprocal Recurrent Selection in Two Spanish Maize Populations
Authors: Romay M. Cinta , Ordás Bernardo , Revilla Pedro , Ordás Amando
Published: April 2011

Spanish maize (Zea mays L.) populations can be useful for enhancing adaptation and stress tolerance of commercial varieties. Two improved Spanish maize populations, one from the northwest and the other from the southeast of Spain, that represent an alternative heterotic pattern have been subjected to three cycles of full‐sib reciprocal recurrent selection to increase the performance of the population cross. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of selection on grain yield and on the correlated responses in the populations and their crosses and to investigate changes in heterosis and inbreeding depression during selection. Ten populations per se (S0), selfed (S1), and intercrossed were evaluated at six environments. Yield significantly increased with selection in the population cross (4.1% per cycle) and in the northwestern population (6.7% per cycle). Yield of the southeastern population did not change with selection. Correlated responses in other important agronomic traits were also in the desired direction. Mid‐parent and high‐parent heterosis increased significantly with selection (2 and 1.5%, respectively). The third cycle of selection of both populations is an interesting source for new inbred lines that could be the foundation for new adapted hybrids. The cross between the improved cycles could be useful for sustainable or organic agriculture as population hybrids, but more importantly, the reciprocal recurrent selection program can continue improving the population cross.
Foliar Nitrogen Uptake Following Urea Application to Putting Green Turfgrass Species
Authors: Stiegler J. Chris , Richardson Michael D. , Karcher Douglas E.
Published: April 2011

Foliar fertilization often comprises a significant portion of the total annual N applied to putting greens. This study was initiated to evaluate the efficiency of this practice under field conditions. 15N‐labeled urea was used to quantify seasonal uptake of foliar‐applied N by creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera var. L. palustris (Huds.) Farw. ‘Penn A1’) and hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy ‘Tifeagle’) managed as putting greens. Urea was spray‐applied monthly, May through September, at rates of 0.5 and 1.25 g N m−2 Both species absorbed urea rapidly, with 24 to 67% of the fertilizer N entering the foliage within 1 h following treatment; peak foliar absorption was generally observed at 4 h after treatment. Percentage of foliar uptake was significantly reduced at higher application rates for both species. In addition, absorption of urea‐N by foliage of both species was affected by month of application and year. When averaged across all sampling times and N rates, foliar absorption percentages were similar between the two species, ranging from 36 to 69% for creeping bentgrass and 38 to 62% for bermudagrass. Overall, foliar absorption efficiency was variable and there were no consistent seasonal trends associated with these differences.