bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ONE DIMENSIONAL SEISMIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS AT THE NON-COMMERCIAL NUCLEAR REACTOR SITE, SERPONG - INDONESIA
Authors: Yuliastuti Yuliastuti , Syaeful Heri , Syahbana Arifan J. , Alhakim Euis E. , Sembiring Tagor M.
Published: March 2021

One dimensional seismic response analysis on the ground surface of the Non-Commercial Power Reactor (RDNK) site based on the mean uniform hazard spectrum (UHS) and disaggregation analysis has been conducted. The study’s objective was to perform an analysis on site-specific response spectra on the ground surface based on existing mean UHS and disaggregation data of the site that correspond to a 1,000 and 10,000 year return period of earthquakes in compliance with the national nuclear regulatory body requirements of Indonesia. Detailed site characterization was defined based on secondary data of a geotechnical drill-hole, seismic cross-hole, downhole data, and microtremor array data. The dynamic site characteristic analysis was presented along with strong motion selection and processing using two types of strong motion datasets. An investigation of strong motion selection, spectral matching, and scaling has been presented as an essential step in ground motion processing. One-dimensional equivalent linear analysis simulation was performed by computing the processed ground motions. A seismic design spectrum and ground surface response spectra from the two datasets of strong motion, both corresponding to a 10,000 and 1,000 year return period, are presented at the end of this study. This study has shown that in order to establish the appropriate seismic response design spectrum, site-specific data and seismic hazard analysis must be immensely considered.
DYNAMICS OF MOTION OF GASES FROM A SOURCE OF SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF COAL IN MINE WORKINGS
Authors: Kostenko Viktor , Gamiy Yuriy , Kostenko Tetiana , Tsvirkun Sergii , Udovenko Maksym
Published: March 2021

The object of this paper is to study the specificity of the dynamics of carbon monoxide in mining to determine the location of the source of coal self-heating or spontaneous combustion. The Fire Dynamics Simulator software package was used to model the gas hazard of coal mine workings. Given the typical details for the western coal basin of Donbas geo metric dimensions of workings, properties of coal, etc., a model of a fragment of emergency mining of a coal mine was created, which allows for the display of geometric and physical similarity to processes in actual mine workings. The results of the simulation for the studied scenarios with different air supply systems related to the detection and location of sources of self-heating or spontaneous combustion in the coal mine workings were obtained and analysed. It was established that low-density fire gases are concentrated in the vault of the workings, where they slowly dissolve in the air, with the dissolution process being linear. It was revealed that air velocity up to 0.67 to 0.7 m/s contributes to the formation of fire gas flows, which move towards the ventilation flow, almost without mixing, which is referred to as bifurcation. Numerical parameters of fire gas dynamics in near-real conditions were established, which can become a basis for the detection and location of sources of endogenous thermodynamic processes in mine workings.
Accuracy and Uncertainty Analysis of Selected Methodological Approaches to Earthquake Early Warning in Europe
Authors: Cremen Gemma , Zuccolo Elisa , Galasso Carmine
Published: March 2021

Earthquake early warning (EEW) is becoming an increasingly attractive real-time strategy for mitigating the threats posed by potentially devastating incoming seismic events. As efforts accelerate to develop practical EEW-based solutions for earthquake-prone countries in Europe, it is important to understand and quantify the level of performance that can be achieved by the underlying seismological algorithms. We conduct a conceptual study on EEW performance in Europe, which explicitly focuses on the accuracy and associated uncertainties of selected methodological approaches. Twenty-three events from four diverse European testbeds are used to compare the quality of EEW predictions produced by the Virtual Seismologist and PRobabilistic and Evolutionary early warning SysTem algorithms. We first examine the location and magnitude estimates of the algorithms, accounting for both bias and uncertainty in the resulting predictions. We then investigate the ground-shaking prediction capabilities of the source-parameter estimates, using an error metric that can explicitly capture the propagation of uncertainties in these estimates. Our work highlights the importance of accounting for EEW parameter uncertainties, which are often neglected in studies of EEW performance. Our findings can be used to inform current and future implementations of EEW systems in Europe. In addition, the evaluation metrics presented in this work can be used to determine EEW accuracy in any worldwide setting.
Discrimination of Seismic Events (2006–2020) in North Korea UsingP/LgAmplitude Ratios from Regional Stations and a Bivariate Discriminant Function
Authors: Tibi Rigobert
Published: March 2021

Two events of magnitude (mb) 3.6–3.8 occurred in southern North Korea (NK) on 27 June 2019 and 11 May 2020. Although these events were located ∼330–400  km from the known nuclear test site, the fact that they occurred within the territory of NK, a country with a recent history of underground nuclear tests, made them events of interest for the monitoring community. We used P/Lg ratios from regional stations to categorize seismic events that occurred in NK from 2006 to May 2020, including these two recent events, the six declared NK nuclear tests, and the cavity collapse and triggered earthquakes that followed the 3 September 2017 nuclear explosion. We were able to separate the cavity collapse from the population of nuclear explosions. However, based on P/Lg ratios, the distinction between the earthquakes and the cavity collapse is ambiguous. The performed discriminant analyses suggest that combining Pg/Lg and Pn/Lg ratios results in improved discriminant power compared with any of the ratio types alone. We used the two ratio types jointly in a quadratic discriminant function and successfully classified the six declared nuclear tests and the triggered earthquakes that followed the September 2017 explosion. Our analyses also confirm that the recent southern events of June 2019 and May 2020 are both tectonic earthquakes that occurred naturally.
Lessons Learned from Books about the Amish: Part II
Authors: Donnermeyer Joseph F.
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
Laparoscopic management in hydatid disease of liver: a series of 35 cases
Authors: Shaikh Aftab S. , Tandur Amarjeet E. , Pathrabe Yugal S. , Patil Dhiraj S. , Bhandarwar Ajay H. , Shaikh Nilofar A.
Published: March 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyse the sociodemographic factors & clinical features of hydatid disease of liver and to emphasize on the safety, efficacy and the role of laparoscopy in its management in the present scenario.  Methods: A prospective observational study was done for 35 patients who were diagnosed with and later underwent surgical intervention laparoscopically for hydatid disease of liver over a duration of 3 years from January 2017 to December 2019. Diagnosis was based on the history, clinical examination, ultrasonography of abdomen (USG) and contrast enhanced computed tomography scan of abdomen (CECT).Results: A slight female preponderance with most cases in the 4th decade of life and belonging to rural areas and low socio-economic status. A single cyst in the right lobe of the liver was most common lesion. The most common surgery performed was laparoscopic de-roofing of the cyst with omentoplasty. The most common complication was intra-operative spillage of cyst contents followed by post-operative biliary leak.  Conclusions: In the present era laparoscopic surgery is safe, efficacious and plays a crucial role in the management of hepatic hydatid disease with its proven benefits over the conventional surgeries including less morbidity and mortality and reduced rate of recurrence.
Ocular defect in children with cerebral palsy and its correlation with the types of cerebral palsy
Authors: Aumi Wasim Abed , Afroz Farhana , Maksud Shams Ibne , Alam Mohammad Mahbubul
Published: March 2021

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a group of permanent disorder of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbance that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication and behavior, by epilepsy, and secondary musculoskeletal problem. However, no known study has been found on this aspect. Objective of this study was to evaluate the ocular defect in children with cerebral palsy and to correlate with the types of CP.Methods: Study was done in the Paediatric Neurology unit of BSMMU from January 2012 to July 2012. One hundred thirty children with cerebral palsy were studied. The patients were randomly selected who full filled the inclusion criteria and ophthalmological examination was done.Results: Sixty four (64%) of CP patients had pathological finding and 36% percent had normal finding. Most of the abnormalities were squint (strabismus) (40%) and refractive error (36.9%). Most of the ocular defects were found in spastic cerebral palsy, mainly in spastic quadriplegia (34.6%) and spastic diplegia (29.2%).Conclusions: Ocular defect like squint and refractive error common associations of cerebral palsy. Spastic quadriplegic and diplegic children had more ocular defects.
Assessment of severity of illness on admission using SICK score and evaluation of the risk factors associated with mortality in children admitted in a paediatric urban tertiary care centre in south India
Authors: Rajeshwari N. , Savitha A. , Prahada J.
Published: March 2021

Background: “Signs of inflammation that can kill” (SICK) score is one of the severities scoring systems used for predicting outcome of children at admission. The aim of the present study was to study the clinical and demographic profile of children admitted to Paediatric ward, to assess the usefulness of SICK score in predicting the mortality and evaluate the risk factors in predicting mortality.  Methods: SICK scoring was done for 369 children on admission. The outcome was recorded as death or discharge. The associated factors were analysed using SPSS software package analysis. Receiver operating curve was used to arrive at the cut-off point of SICK score for predicting mortality. Quantitative data differences between children who died and children who were discharged from the hospital were analysed using student independent t test. Need for assisted ventilation, presence of shock, age less than 3 years, and SICK score>2 were studied to find their association with mortality. Statistical analysis was done using univariate analysis and those factors that were significantly associated with mortality were subjected multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: The performance of SICK score was “excellent” in discriminating between death and survival with area under the receiver operating characteristics curve 0.94. Age<3-year presence of shock, need for mechanical ventilation and SICK score>2 showed statistically significant association with mortality as evidenced by multivariate logistic regression model.  Conclusions: SICK score performed extremely well in predicting mortality on admission. Age<3 years, SICK score>2, Presence of Shock and need for assisted ventilation showed statistically significant association with mortality.
Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children
Authors: Shankaralingappa Arundhathi , Thirunavukkarasu Arun Babu
Published: March 2021

World health organization declared COVID-19 caused by SARS CoV-2 virus as a pandemic in early 2020. The target cells facilitating viral entry are ACE-2 receptor bearing cells like bronchial epithelial cells and pneumocytes.  Children pose a less risk compared to adults in acquiring this disease and mortality in them is low due to protective pathogenesis. Children with COVID-19 are also at risk of developing unique immunological phenomena, known as multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children. MIS-C is considered to be hyperimmune state resulting from cytokine storm and circulating immune complexes. This mini-review reflects the most recent understanding of the pathogenesis in children with special emphasis on MIS-C.
Reproductive toxicity potentials of methanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea in male rats: An experimental study
Authors: Azuka Okafor Izuchukwu , Somtochukwu Nnamah Uchenna , Ahiatrogah Selasie , Serwaa Dorcas , Nnaka Jude
Published: March 2021

Background: Purslane is an edible widely distributed shrub and one of the herbs used in decoctions for the treatment of different ailments including infertility. However, there is a shortage of evidence to validate its reproductive effects.
Objective: To investigate the effect of methanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea (MEPO) on the reproductive system of male rats.
Materials and Methods: Fifteen 10-wk old male Wistar rats with an average weight of 183 gr were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5/each). Group A (the control group) received distilled water only; group B received 400 mg/kg MEPO; and group C received 800 mg/kg MEPO for 14 days. The animals fasted overnight after the 14th day of administration and euthanized by cervical dislocation. Blood samples, sperm, testes, and epididymis were collected for serum hormones, sperm, and histological analyses.
Results: There was no significant change in the serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels across all groups when compared to the control. However, group C showed a significant increase (p = 0.020) in follicle-stimulating hormone levels when compared to the control. There was a significant reduction (p = 0.006) in the sperm count in group C when compared with the control group. There was also a significantly reduced (p = 0.003) sperm motility in MEPO-treated groups compared to the control. While the testis showed no abnormalities in its histoarchitecture across groups, the epididymis showed some blood congestion in MEPO-treated groups.
Conclusion: Portulaca oleracea showed the ability to reduce sperm count and motility at higher doses.
Key words: Portulaca oleracea, Purslane, Testis, Epididymis, Rat, Sperm motility.
The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Nigella Sativa seed on dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats: An experimental study
Authors: Khani Samira , Abdollahi Maasoume , Khalaj Azam , Heidari Hamid , Zohali Somaye
Published: March 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) seed as a plant, the consumption of which has been recommended in Islam, on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS rats.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out on 36 Wistar female rats (3 wk, 60 ± 10 gr). Then rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 6/each): control; PCOSinduced (DHEA 60 mg/kg/sc); PCOS + Metformine (30 mg/kg); and three experimental groups receiving DHEA + hydroalcoholic extract of N. sativa seeds in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Blood samples were taken for the evaluation of sexual hormones, oxidative stress, glucose, and insulin after 30 days of treatment. Ovarian tissue was used for histopathological study.
Results: The serum levels of luteinizing hormone, testosterone, glucose, insulin resistance, malondialdehyde, and insulin (p ≤ 0.001) and estrogen increased while the levels of progesterone (p = 0.01) and antioxidant enzymes in the PCOS group decreased (p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: The administration of the N. sativa extract to the PCOS rats resulted in remarkable changes in the serumic factors relative to the PCOS group. In addition, the extract improved the structure of the ovarian tissue in the PCOS rat. The histopathological results which are in accordance with biochemical findings imply that N. sativa seed could be useful in the treatment of PCOS, the higher doses of the extract being more effective.
Key words: Nigella sativa seed, Oxidative stress, Insulin resistance, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Rat.
Deformations of the Image of the World of Youth in the Process of Socialization
Authors: Bushai Igor
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes psychological peculiarities of the image of the world and personal manifestations of the character of students with different forms of behaviour disorders. The types of image of the world and the personal traits of the character are analyzed. The peculiarities of the worldview of schoolchildren with aggression, autoaggression, overpriced hobbies, and emotional disorders are revealed. The influence of the image of the world on defects of the self-image and behaviour disturbance is established. The influence of a negative emotional background of the image of the world on the formation of dependent forms of behaviour is determined. It has been proven that the psychological correction of students with adaptation problems should include programs to stimulate a positive experience of the world and to restore an internal equilibrium. The directions of further exploration of the problems of psychology of addictive behaviours are outlined.During puberty, significant behavioral abnormalities may occur in children. With timely psychological and pedagogical intervention, destructive manifestations are situational or episodic. If parents and pedagogues do not resort to psychological correction, negative models of interaction between the teenager and the world become unlikely to overturn, and the troublesome behaviour becomes irreversible.The results of the study of the image of the world and the personal traits of students with different behavioral abnormalities are presented in this article.For example, it has been found that the adolescents’ use of profanity in communication with peers is caused solely by mechanisms of imitation and identification of the image of the world inherent in their family or social environment. In other words, there is a negative stimulation of the development of the image of the world of the child, the outward manifestation of aggressive behaviour. This, in turn, testifies to emotional-volitional instability and accentuation of character. Thus, the teenager demonstrates his/her “adulthood”.The article analyzes the causes of different types of addictive behaviour of young people: tobacco, gaming, computer, and more.Psychological correction in such cases should be aimed at establishing a dynamic equilibrium of the system “Image of the world – image of I”. That is, the child’s consciousness tries to adapt to the external conditions of being in a certain space, and this affects his/her behaviour. Under these conditions, responses may differ from generally accepted social norms.Stimulating self-development of the person and helping the teenager to form a realistic, content-rich worldview will positively affect the development of personal reflection and rethinking of one’s self-image.
The Phenomenon of Resilience in the Context of Socio-Ecological Approach and Discourse
Authors: Chernobrovkina Vira , Chernobrovkin Volodymyr
Published: March 2021

The article provides a brief overview of resilience research and presents the main issues and problems in this field of science. Particular attention is paid to the issues of determining resilience by various researcher and the analysis of debatable issues in understanding this phenomenon. A more detailed analysis is provided regarding the views of authors who interpret resilience in the context of socio-ecological approach. There is a large body of empirical research on the resilience of children and adults, as well as social groups, in the context of the impact of various risk factors, stress and trauma, which allowed researchers to form insights into protective factors and assets that are powerful adaptation resources in difficult situations. The formation of the field of psychology aimed at the development of resilience as a holistic direction requires the definition of common theoretical and methodological foundations for its determination and construction of empirical procedures for its study in the context of different challenges and different cultures. Systemic and socio-environmental approaches can be distinguished among modern approaches to the definition and understanding of resilience. In the context of these approaches, resilience appears as a phenomenon and the process of interaction of internal and external factors, which is carried out under the determining influence of environmental factors. The environment contains the resources needed by people and groups, forms an idea of the effects of positive development and coping through the discourses it creates, and also regulates people’s access to these resources. The resilience considered in this way is not so much the property and the result of individual’s efforts (although this factor is important) as a manifestation of the ability of the social environment and social support networks to provide resources whose importance is recognized by culture.
PROMISING METHODS FOR PRODUCTION OF ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES BASED ON NANOSTRUCTURED COATINGS (review)
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Shchur P.A. , Solovyanchik L.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Kondrashov S.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: March 2021

Paper presents the most common materials for nanostructured inorganic electrochromic coatings, describes the methods of their formation. The prospects for the use of electrochromic materials in various industries – construction, auto and aircraft construction are considered. The analysis of modern methods for the formation of nanostructured electrochromic materials used in various fields of science and technology is presented. The prospects for the use of tungsten oxide, as well as the possibility of its modification in order to improve its functional electrochromic properties, are shown.
Is Health Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic a Cause of Agricultural Commodity Prices? New Evidences From Bootstrap Fourier Causality Test
Authors: KARAGÖL Erdal Tanas , AKYÜZ Mert , KARUL Çağın
Published: March 2021

Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have included negative consequences both in health management and economic life at national and international level. The aim of this research is to examine the causal relationship between COVID-19 pandemic and agricultural commodity prices for the world.
Material and Methods: To this end, we employ Toda-Yamamoto and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality tests for the period of January 24, 2020 to January 22, 2021. Before testing the causal relationship between variables, we apply augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Fourier ADF unit root tests to each series to determine maximum order of integration.
Results: The findings show that all variables are stationary in their first difference and the maximum order of integration is determined as 1. The results obtained from causality tests show that COVID-19 new cases Granger cause to coffee, sugar, cotton, corn, and soybean prices while COVID-19 new cases do not cause wheat and oats prices. It was also concluded that new deaths based on COVID-19 Granger cause to coffee, sugar, and cotton whereas COVID-19 new deaths do not cause to corn, soybean, wheat and oat prices.
Conclusion: In this study, time series analysis based on Toda-Yamamoto and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality tests highlight that the COVID-19 total new cases and total new deaths in the world has predictive power to predict further prices of agricultural commodities. Therefore, in terms of health management, policy makers should give substantial significance to the implementation of COVID-19 related health policies and agricultural policies together during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
FAMILISMO E POLÍTICA SOCIAL: aproximações com as bases da formação sócio-histórica brasileira
Authors: Moraes Patricia Maccarini , Nunes Renata , Horst Claudio Henrique Miranda , Mioto Regina Célia Tamaso
Published: March 2021

O artigo problematiza a construção do familismo no Brasil como elemento estruturante da política social na formação sóciohistórica brasileira. Destaca a necessidade de entender a vinculação orgânica entre política social e família para afrontar sua naturalização na esfera da proteção social. Ao recorrer à formação sócio-histórica observa repercussões do período colonial e imperial na configuração da cultura política na fase republicana. Aponta que tais repercussões incidem sobre a proteção social e revelam a posição estratégica da família no desenvolvimento do capitalismo. O recuo histórico é fundamental para explicar a arquitetura do familismo e demonstrar sua atualidade na estruturação da política social. Ressalta, ainda, que perdura no país uma concepção de família conectada às bases de sua formação social e econômica e com papel fundamental na reprodução ideológica da sociedade brasileira.Palavras–chave: Familismo. Política social. Formação sócio-histórica.FAMILISM AND SOCIAL POLICY: approaches with the bases of Brazilian socio-historical formationAbstractThe article discusses the construction of familism in Brazil as a structuring element of social policy in Brazil’s socio-historical formation. It highlights the need to understand the link between social policy and family to confront its naturalization in the sphere of social protection. By resorting to socio-historical formation, it is observed the repercussions of colonial and imperial periods in the configuration of political culture in the republican period. Such repercussions affect social protection and reveal the family's strategic position in the development of capitalism. The historical recap is key to explain the architecture of familism and to demonstrate its relevance in social policy. It is argued that persists in the country a concept of family connected to the basis of its social-economic formation and with a key role in the ideological reproduction of the brazilian society.Keywords: Familism. Social policy. Socio-historical formation.
ISWIMAN – Integrated Sustainable Wildlife Management – Principles, Criteria and Indicators for Hunting, Forestry, Agriculture, Recreation
Authors: Reimoser Friedrich
Published: March 2021

Tools for an integral sustainability assessment of four different land user groups have been developed in the Austrian model region “Vienna-Woods Biosphere Reserve”. Focusing on the cross-cutting issue of wildlife management, the step from sector-specific towards cross-sectoral integrated assessment of sustainable use has been taken for the first time. The assessment tools are also suitable for wider application if indicators are adapted to the specific regions.
ECTOPARASITES DIVERSITY OF MICROCHIROPTERA BATS SUBORDER IN JEPANG CAVE, PLAWANGAN HILL, SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Poerwanto Soenarwan Hery , Ridhwan Luqman Rasyid , Giyantolin Giyantolin , Ginawati Dhea , Paramitha Desak Putu Raka
Published: March 2021

Ectoparasites in bats can cause a decrease in health and can be a disease vector. Ectoparasites found in bats are generally members of the Insect Class and Arachnida Class. This study was aim to determine the diversity of ectoparasites in bats of the Microchiroptera suborder in Jepang Cave, Plawangan Hill, Sleman, Yogyakarta and knowing various factors that influence the existence of these ectoparasites in bats. Catching bats is done by mist net, bats are anesthetized and morphometric measurements are carried out. Descriptive methods are used to identify bats and their ectoparasites and analyze the abundance of ectoparasites using prevalence and intensity. Identification of ectoparasites were carried out in the Animal Systematic Laboratory of the Parasitology Section of the Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, by using the book of ectoparasites identification. Bat species were ound include Miniopterus schreibersii and Rhinolopus pusillus. The results showed that ectoparasite species were found in the bats of the Microchiroptera Suborder from the Subclass Acarina and the Insect Class. The species of Subclass Acarina found were Periglischrus sp., Spinturnix plecotinus, Blattisocius sp., And Glycyphagus sp. Species of the Insect Class found include Megastrebla sp., Stylidia caudata, Basilia sp., and Brachytarsina sp. The prevalence of R. pussilus in Jepang Cave, was 66.67% and it is frequent. The ectoparasite intensity category of Periglischrus sp. was 0.72, meanwhile Glycyphagus sp. and Stylidia caudata were 0.06, which is very low.
DEPENDENCE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS URINE EXCRETION FROM ALIMENTARY IN TAKE OF MACRO- AND MICRONUTRIENTS OF THE FIRST COURSE STUDENTS-FEMALES FROM RUDN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Skalny А.А. , Galchenko A.V. , Yakovlev M.Y. , Barinov A.V. , Titov N.V. , Tkachenko B.D. , Chernyavka A.I. , Orlova O.Yu. ,   ITMO Universit, Lobanova Yu.N.
Published: March 2021

One of the most significant ways of removing chemical elements from the body is the urinary route. Thus, knowing the concentration of chemical elements in the urine, as well as the chemical composition of the diet, an attempt can be made to assess the dependence of the degree of excretion of macro- and micronutrients on the consumption of nutrients. The aim of the study was to identify the dependence of the excretion of chemical elements in urine on the nutritional intake of macro- and micronutrients using the example of first-year students of RUDN University. 75 first-year students of RUDN University, aged 20 to 50, took part in the study. The morning urine samples were taken from the subjects for analysis on chemical elements by the method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, and their nutritional status was evaluated by frequency analysis. A positive correlation was revealed between the urinary concentration of Cr and Fe with the nutritional intake of all macronutrients, the total energy value of the diet, the consumption of cholesterol, K, Na, Mg, S, I, Se, Cu, Zn, Fe, vitamins B2, B5, B12, D. Concentration Cr in urine, in addition, was higher in women with a high consumption of Mn, and the concentration of iron was higher with a high intake of Si. Al concentrations were inversely correlated with all the same indicators, except for Mn, I, Se, Si, K, S. With an increase in total fat intake, Al concentrations in urine increased. The most universal dependences of the degree of excretion of chemical elements on nutrients were found for aluminum, chromium, and iron.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK FRUIT LEATHER KENITU (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN CMC DAN KARAGENAN
Authors: Herlina Herlina , Belgis Maria , Wirantika Lufi
Published: March 2021

Star apple is a seasonal local fruit that is commonly found in East Java, Indonesia. This fruit contains high fiber and antioxidants, however the utilization was not optimal specially at the harvest season, so it requires for further processing. Star fruit apple processing into fruit leather would expected to resolve this problem. Plasticity is an important parameter in fruit leather quality which can be influenced by binding agent, sugar, and acid composition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the best concentration of binding agent that can produce star apple fruit leathers with good characteristics and preferred by consumers. The concentration of CMC and carrageenan used in this study were 0.1%; 0.3%; 0.5%. Physicochemical data were analyzed by ANOVA (α = 5%) and DMRT, while preference were analyzed using Chi-square test (α = 5%). The best treatment determination was using scoring analysis. The result showed that 0.3% carrageenan was the best treatment to produce star apple fruit leather with 54.48 lightness; 348 g/ 2 mm texture; 17.99 KPa tensile strength; 9.03% elongation; 2.68% syneresis; 22.49% water content; and 6.11% crude fiber content. While the color, aroma, texture, taste, and overall preference were as follows 73.33%; 63.33%; 73.33%; 60%; and 66.67% respectively.

Keywords: CMC, carrageenan, fruit leather, star apple
APLIKASI STABILISASI RICE BRAN DALAM FOOD BAR BERBASIS TEPUNG SORGUM SEBAGAI PANGAN DARURAT
Authors: Rahmawati Lufi Karisma , Karseno Karseno , Aini Nur
Published: March 2021

Indonesia is a country that is prone to natural disasters. In emergency situation, a special food design for disaster victims that is practical and nutritional is needed. Food bar is one example of practical food that is suitable for consumption in emergencies. The basic ingredients of food bars can be made from sorghum flour which is rich in nutritional value. So that its function as an emergency food is more optimal then a food bar is applied using a stabilized rice bran. The purpose of this research was to determine the process condition of rice bran stabilization to produce rice bran with good taste and aroma, the organoleptic character of food bars and the physical and chemical characteristics of the five best food bar products. The method used is an experimental method with RBD (Randomized Group Design). The factors studied consisted of two factors: the use of roasted temperatures (T) and food bar formulations (P). The results obtained were stable rice bran with the use of a temperature of 120oC and a stabilization time of 6 minutes, which will later be used in the process of making food bars. The best food bar product formulation was food bar with the ratio of sorghum flour and rice bran stabilizing flour as much as 85%: 15% (P4) which was baked at 130oC (T4). This formulation showed a total protein value of 14.99%, 30.08% fat, 40.27% carbohydrate and 246.01 kcal energy and has physical characteristics in the form of a hardness value of 1597.56 g force.

Keywords: food bar, sorghum flour, stabilized rice bran
KARAKTERISTIK AMPLANG IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus) HASIL VARIASI RASIO DAGING IKAN LELE DAN TAPIOKA
Authors: Priyanto Priyanto , Wibowo Yuli , Jayus Jay
Published: March 2021

The demand for amplang crackers is now increasing. However, the price of its raw material, mackerel fish, is generally higher compare to other fishes, causing the higher cost of this type crackers production. Effort to explore other fish as an alternative raw material is required to overcome the problems. Catfish is one of the choices to be used as raw material since this fish is more available in a market in a lower price, but the protein properties of this fish is different to mackarel, which will be possible to affect the nature of the crackers obtained. To produce catfish amplang crackers to be similar to common amplang product, it is necessary to find out the right composition of catfish and tapioca flour used. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to characterize physico-chemically and organoleptically, the catfish amplang crackers made under different ratio of fish flesh and starch. The experiment was designed using completely randomized design. Physico-chemical data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, while the organoleptic test data were examined using chi-square method. The effectiveness test was carried out to find the proper ratio of raw materials composition used. The results showed that the higher the ratio of the fish flesh and the starch composition, the lower the texture value of the crackers as an indication of the decrease of its crispness. Although the lightness of the crackers was lowered by the addition of more starch to the dough, its linear expansion and hygroscopicity were not affected. The results of organoleptic test showed that the panelist was prefer to a higher crispness of crackers. The most preferable cracker was the one with 1:2.25 ratio of catfish flesh and starch, showing the characteristic of 1.80% moisture, 2.08% ash, 5.75% protein, 23.55% fat, and 66,93% carbohydrate.

Keywords: cracker, catfish, tapioca starch
Dynamics of students’ physical development indicators in the course of Nordic walking classes
Authors: Sokolova Inna V.
Published: March 2021

We discuss the use of Nordic walking as a health technology in physical education classes at the university. Students who have abnormalities in their health and are medically assigned to special and preparatory medical groups were engaged in Nordic walking during the fall semester. Before the start of classes, students’ level of physical development was determined using functional diagnostics methods based on the following indicators: Brock index, Quetelet index, body mass index, Stange test, Genchi test, Romberg test. At the end of the semester, these tests were repeated. Analysis of the results obtained using mathematical statistics methods revealed positive dynamics of changes in the indicators above. The data obtained testified that Nordic walking classes, used in training sessions with students in the disciplines “Physical Education and Sports” for the 1st year and “Elective Courses in physical Education and Sports” for the 2nd year, have a positive effect on the level of physical development. These data confirm the data of scientific literature about the health-improving effect of Nordic walking and the possibility of its use in educational institutions of higher professional education.
Governor-general and ruler of the viceroyalty in the system of the administrative and territorial structure of the Russian Empire in 1775–1796
Authors: Shutov Ruslan N.
Published: March 2021

The research is devoted to the study of the emergence and evolution of the institution of governorship. We consider the place and role, the specifics of the division of powers of the gover-nor-general and the ruler of the viceroyalty in the system of government of the Russian state in 1775–1796. Catherine II, from the beginning of her reign, made many efforts to strengthen the authority and power of the sovereign’s representative at local level – the governor. The governor-general and the governor were representatives of the central government and carried out its in-structions. In the newly created viceroyalties, the governor served as the direct ruler of the vice-royalty, and the role of the governor–general was to oversee the local administration and the com-munication between it and the central government. The inconsistency of the administrative and territorial reform led to the fact that one governor-general was appointed to several governorates, and the governor remained in each. The vertical structure of executive power built by Catherine II led to the high authority and quite successful activity of the governors. After becoming emperor, Paul I brought the reform carried out by Catherine II to its logical conclusion. During the reform of the governorate administration, the institution of the governor-general was abolished, and the governor became the main type of governor of the governorate.
Der „Paradigmenwechsel“ zur Einführung des Elterngeldes und seine Fehlkonstruktionen
Authors: Mayer Tilman , Rösler Wiebke
Published: March 2021

The article analyses the political process concerning the implementation of the parental allowance (“Elterngeld”) and its currently measurable successes. It shows which players, political parties and scientists brought the income-based parental allowance on its way. A clear paradigm shift towards supporting working mothers cannot be observed due to the rather slight expansion of public child care and the implementation of care money (“Betreuungsgeld”) in 2013. Subsequently statistical records on the enlargement of public child care arrangements, the parental allowance, and the birth register are discussed. The period birth rate is stagnating at 1.4 children per woman, further postponement of births takes place and the number of late mothers increases.

Zusammenfassung

Der Beitrag analysiert den Politikprozess zur Einführung des Elterngeldes. Dargelegt wird, welche Akteure, Parteien und Wissenschaftler die Einführung des Elterngeldes vorantrieben. Von einem wirklichen Paradigmenwechsel kann jedoch nicht die Rede sein: nicht nur, dass das einkommensabhängige Elterngeld in Westdeutschland verspätet eingeführt wurde; auch der Ausbau der öffentlichen Kinderbetreuung für unter 3-Jährige stockt. Das neu eingeführte Betreuungsgeld stellt aufgrund seiner geringen Höhe keinen Ausgleich der Opportunitätskosten. Der Beitrag diskutiert anschließend die Elterngeldstatistik und die Geburtenstatistik. Ein angemessenes Elterngeld beziehen vorrangig über 30-jährige Mütter sowie Frauen, die ihr erstes Kind bekommen. Die Geburtenrate stagniert bei 1,4 Kindern pro Frau, der Anteil der Spätgebärenden steigt.
Väterzeit – das Elterngeld als Beschleuniger von Gleichstellung?
Authors: Trappe Heike
Published: March 2021

This contribution centres on men who claim parental leave benefits in the federal states of Bavaria, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Schleswig-Holstein. The analyses are based on register data collected by local authorities for children born between 2007 and 2009. First, it is asked about the determinants underlying the take-up of fathers’ parental leave benefits. Then, couples with different durations of fathers’ parental leave are investigated more closely. Fathers’ decision to take any parental leave follows essentially economic considerations within the couple. Female partners’ employment and their relative earnings have a positive impact. Couples where fathers’ parental leave exceeds the “daddy quota” represent quite a select group that has become smaller over time. Living in a non-marital union or in a large city, having more children as well as female partners’ particular situation (e.g., self-employment, in education) facilitate a longer parental leave of fathers.

Zusammenfassung

Im Zentrum des vorliegenden Beitrags steht der Elterngeldbezug von Vätern im Kontext der Partnerschaft in den Bundesländern Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Schleswig-Holstein. Grundlage der Analysen sind von den Elterngeldstellen erhobene Daten für zwischen 2007 und 2009 geborene Kinder. Es wird danach gefragt, welche Paare überhaupt einen Partnerantrag stellen und wodurch sich Paare mit unterschiedlicher Dauer des Elterngeldbezugs durch Väter voneinander unterscheiden. Die Entscheidung für einen Partnerantrag folgt im Wesentlichen aus ökonomischen Theorien abgeleiteten Erwartungen, denn eine Erwerbstätigkeit und ein hohes Einkommen der Frau begünstigen diese. Väter, bei denen der Elterngeldbezug mit einer über die „Bonusmonate“ hinausgehenden Elternzeit einhergeht, sind eine sehr selektive Gruppe, die im Zeitverlauf sogar kleiner geworden ist. Ein nichteheliches Zusammenleben, das Leben in einer Großstadt, eine höhere Anzahl von Kindern sowie eine spezifische Lebenssituation der Partnerin (z.B. selbstständige Tätigkeit, Beendigung einer Ausbildung) wirken sich positiv auf eine längere Elternzeit des Vaters aus.
Family involvement in the context of chronic diseases: The role of social support in treatment decision-making for surgical procedures
Authors: Link Elena , Reifegerste Doreen , Klimmt Christoph
Published: March 2021

If medical decision-making about complex treatment options (such as surgical procedures) is challenging for patients, family members can provide them with advice and health information. Previous research about family involvement in health communication has largely focused on cancer patients. Thus, it lacks an examination of family involvement in surgery decision-making in the context of non-life-threatening chronic diseases like arthrosis. In particular, we focus on the role of social support for family involvement in these situations. Against this background, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with arthrosis patients and their family members (n = 32 patients; n = 8 relatives). To better understand family involvement in surgery decision-making, three research questions were analyzed: (1) What are the perceived characteristics of the arthroplasty decisional process? (2) Which patterns of family involvement exist with regard to social support? (3) What general circumstances are relevant for family involvement? Our results demonstrate that social support plays an important role in the patterns of family decision-making. Instrumental, emotional, and informational support can indirectly enhance family involvement in decision-making. In addition, relatives are also directly involved in decision-making processes and may instigate the decision. The type of family involvement is influenced by characteristics of the decision-making situation. In addition to personal factors and the relationship with the physician, which is perceived as less supportive, the need for familial decisional support intensifies.
Warum Pendeln nicht alle Probleme löst: Präferenzen für unterschiedliche Mobilitätsformen in „dual career“-Partnerschaften
Authors: Abraham Martin , Schönholzer Thess
Published: March 2021

Dual career couples are facing the problem to coordinate the locations of their jobs and their residence. Especially if one person receives a job offer in a new region, the question of whether to move or to stay arises. In order to solve this problem, couples may decide to establish a commute routine for one partner. Increasing commuter ratios indicate that couples try to balance interests this way. We examine whether commuting is really a valid strategy to reduce the potential for conflicts in a partnership. Data from a factorial survey is used in which dual career couples were asked about identical experimentally varied situations. Results suggest that both individuals’ preferences for the commuting solution are influenced by the same factors, but that the potential commuter prefers the commuting solution less. Hence, commuting seems not to balance interests but, on the contrary, holds potential for new conflicts in dual career couples.

Zusammenfassung

Paare, in denen beide Partner einer Erwerbstätigkeit nachgehen, stehen grundsätzlich vor dem Problem, ihre Erwerbskarriere zeitlich wie örtlich koordinieren zu müssen. Insbesondere neue Arbeitsangebote in anderen Regionen erfolgen in der Regel nur für einen Partner und stellen für das Paar einen potenziellen Mobilitätskonflikt dar. Dieser könnte gelöst werden, indem zu der neuen Stelle gependelt und so der Haushaltsumzug vermieden wird. Wir untersuchen in diesem Beitrag, ob eine solche Strategie das Potenzial für eine einvernehmliche Lösung in einer Partnerschaft besitzt oder inwieweit sich daraus neue Interessenskonflikte ergeben können. Für die empirische Analyse dieser Frage wird auf ein faktorielles Design zurückgegriffen, mit dem beide Partner in „dual career“-Partnerschaften im Hinblick auf identische, experimentell variierte Situationen befragt werden. Es zeigt sich, dass der Wunsch nach einer Pendellösung zwar für beide Partner von denselben Einflussfaktoren beeinflusst wird, der pendelnde Partner aber deutlich schwächer ausgeprägte Präferenzen für diese Mobilitätsform besitzt. Der potenzielle Konflikt in der Paarbeziehung kann somit nicht einfach durch die Erhöhung des täglichen Arbeitsweges gelöst werden.