bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny and divergence time estimation of Chamaecrista ser. Rigidulae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: de Souza Alessandro Oliveira , Lewis Gwilym Peter , Telles Mariana Pires Campos , da Silva Marcos José
Published: April 2019

Chamaecrista is a monophyletic genus, but most of its infrageneric categories have been shown to be paraphyletic, including series Rigidulae which currently comprises 30 species, all endemic to Brazil and most occurring in the cerrado vegetation of the central highlands of the country. This molecular phylogenetic study tests the monophyly of C. ser. Rigidulae based on a broad sampling, considers its relationship with members of C. sect. Absus subsect. Absus, and estimates its divergence time in relation to the age of the genus. For that, individual and combined analyses were performed by the parsimony and Bayesian methods using chloroplast (trnL‐F) and nuclear (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2) markers and a matrix containing 75 taxa of Chamaecrista (29 belonging to series Rigidulae), 6 of Senna and 1 of Cassia. The analyses showed that series Rigidulae, as traditionally circumscribed, is polyphyletic. When C. brachyblepharis and C. ciliolata are excluded and C. botryoides and C. sincorana included, the series is resolved as monophyletic, comprising 30 species here designated as the Rigidulae clade. This clade is further subdivided into two geographically and genetically structured subclades, the first containing 23 species, mostly from the highlands of Goiás State, and the second with 6 species from the Espinhaço Range, running north to south through central Bahia and Minas Gerais States. Divergence time analyses suggest that the Rigidulae clade originated about 5 million years ago. The recent radiation of the series repeats that seen in other species‐rich genera in the Cerrado Biome, thus corroborating previous hypotheses about the recent age of the biome. The Rigidulae clade, as here circumscribed, has the following morphological synapomorphies: asymmetric flowers with their posterior petals similar to a typical papilionoid standard petal, and leaflets divaricate along the leaf rachis.
A systematic review of women's entrepreneurship and internationalization literature
Authors: Moreira Joana , Marques Carla Susana , Braga Alexandra , Ratten Vanessa
Published: April 2019

There has been an increased interest in women's entrepreneurship research due to the changing sociocultural conditions in the global marketplace. Despite this trend, there is still a lack of understanding about the role women entrepreneurs play in the internationalization process of firms. The aim of this article is to systematically review the literature on women's entrepreneurship and internationalization by examining the trends in the research. A bibliometric analysis is conducted on articles in the Web of Science databases to understand which researchers are publishing the most and how they are related to other researchers in the field. In addition, a content analysis of the articles from the bibliometric analysis is conducted that reveals three main clusters from the research: (a) epistemological position and gender, (b) cultural and social reasons for the creation of businesses, and (c) motivations, business characteristics, and performance. From the bibliometric and content analysis, implications for policy makers and future research directions for women's entrepreneurship and internationalization patterns are stated.
Rewriting Abstract Structures: Materialization Explained Categorically
Authors: Corradini Andrea , Heindel Tobias , König Barbara , Nolte Dennis , Rensink Arend
Published: April 2019

The paper develops an abstract (over-approximating) semantics for double-pushout rewriting of graphs and graph-like objects. The focus is on the so-called materialization of left-hand sides from abstract graphs, a central concept in previous work. The first contribution is an accessible, general explanation of how materializations arise from universal properties and categorical constructions, in particular partial map classifiers, in a topos. Second, we introduce an extension by enriching objects with annotations and give a precise characterization of strongest post-conditions, which are effectively computable under certain assumptions.
Partial and Conditional Expectations in Markov Decision Processes with Integer Weights
Authors: Piribauer Jakob , Baier Christel
Published: April 2019

The paper addresses two variants of the stochastic shortest path problem (“optimize the accumulated weight until reaching a goal state”) in Markov decision processes (MDPs) with integer weights. The first variant optimizes partial expected accumulated weights, where paths not leading to a goal state are assigned weight 0, while the second variant considers conditional expected accumulated weights, where the probability mass is redistributed to paths reaching the goal. Both variants constitute useful approaches to the analysis of systems without guarantees on the occurrence of an event of interest (reaching a goal state), but have only been studied in structures with non-negative weights. Our main results are as follows. There are polynomial-time algorithms to check the finiteness of the supremum of the partial or conditional expectations in MDPs with arbitrary integer weights. If finite, then optimal weight-based deterministic schedulers exist. In contrast to the setting of non-negative weights, optimal schedulers can need infinite memory and their value can be irrational. However, the optimal value can be approximated up to an absolute error of $$\epsilon $$ in time exponential in the size of the MDP and polynomial in $$\log (1/\epsilon )$$.
The Impatient May Use Limited Optimism to Minimize Regret
Authors: Cadilhac Michaël , Pérez Guillermo A. , van den Bogaard Marie
Published: April 2019

Discounted-sum games provide a formal model for the study of reinforcement learning, where the agent is enticed to get rewards early since later rewards are discounted. When the agent interacts with the environment, she may realize that, with hindsight, she could have increased her reward by playing differently: this difference in outcomes constitutes her regret value. The agent may thus elect to follow a regret- minimal strategy. In this paper, it is shown that (1) there always exist regret-minimal strategies that are admissible—a strategy being inadmissible if there is another strategy that always performs better; (2) computing the minimum possible regret or checking that a strategy is regret-minimal can be done in "Equation missing", disregarding the computational cost of numerical analysis (otherwise, this bound becomes "Equation missing").
Same-Sex Parents and Children’s School Progress: An Association That Disappeared Over Time
Authors: Boertien Diederik , Bernardi Fabrizio
Published: April 2019

Research is divided as to whether children living in same-sex parent families achieve different outcomes compared with their peers. In this article, we improve on earlier estimates of such differences and subsequently study whether and why the association between parental union sex composition and children’s school progress changed over time. Data from the American Community Survey waves 2008–2015 (N = 1,952,490 including 7,792 children living with a same-sex couple) indicate that children living with same-sex couples were historically more likely to be behind in school but that this association disappeared over time. Changes in socioeconomic characteristics of same-sex couples played a minor role. In 2008, it was only in areas with unfavorable laws and attitudes toward same-sex couples that children living with same-sex couples were more likely to be behind in school. This was especially the case for adopted children. In more recent periods, no effect of parental union sex composition on school progress is observed within any area or among any group studied. Based on where and when these changes took place, it is suggested that changing attitudes toward same-sex couples might have played an important role in equalizing school progress across groups.
Slow Archaeology, Punk Archaeology, and the ‘Archaeology of Care’
Authors: Caraher William
Published: April 2019

This article considers the impact of both historical and digital transhuman practices in archaeology with an eye towards recent conversations concerning punk archaeology, slow archaeology, and an ‘archaeology of care’. Drawing on Ivan Illich, Jacques Ellul, and Gilles Deleuze, the article suggests that current trends in digital practices risk alienating archaeological labour and de-territorializing archaeological work.
If Boilerplate Could Talk: The Work of Standard Terms in Sovereign Bond Contracts
Authors: Gelpern Anna , Gulati Mitu , Zettelmeyer Jeromin
Published: April 2019

Standard contract terms are “sticky”: they rarely change, even if change appears to be in the parties’ interest. Multiple theories to explain stickiness do not reach consensus on its causes. We investigate the role of stickiness in sovereign bond contracts, where it would be especially costly and therefore puzzling. In our interviews with more than a 100 officials responsible for the bond contracts of twenty-eight countries, they linked reluctance to change non-financial contract terms and the imperative of following a “market standard” for such terms. When a term could be described as standard for the government’s debt stock or borrower cohort, its content often came across as secondary. Sovereign debt managers seemed willing to forgo some of the benefits of contract terms for dealing with contingencies and revealing private information to avoid negative signals and maintain the liquidity of primary and secondary debt markets. Interviews with investors suggested a similar focus on standard form and a limited engagement with contract substance.
A clinical audit of the growth of preterm infants fed predominantly pasteurised donor human milk v. those fed mother’s own milk in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Lloyd Megan L. , Malacova Eva , Hartmann Ben , Simmer Karen
Published: April 2019

Preterm infants whose mothers are unable to produce sufficient breast milk are increasingly being supplemented with pasteurised donor human milk (PDHM) instead of commercial preterm infant formula. Concerns have been raised that this practice can result in reduced growth. This retrospective clinical audit collected data from the medical records of a cohort of preterm infants (≤30 weeks gestational age) receiving either ≥28 d of PDHM (n 53) or ≥28 d of their mother’s own milk (MOM, n 43) with standard fortification supplied to both groups during admission. Weight growth velocity was assessed from regained birth weight to 34+1 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA); and weight, length and head circumference were compared at discharge and 12 months (corrected age). At 34+1 weeks’ PMA, the weight growth velocity (g/kg per d) was significantly lower in the PDHM group (15·4 g/kg per d, 95 % CI 14·6, 16·1) compared with the MOM group (16·9 g/kg per d, 95 % CI 16·1, 17·7, P=0·007). However, the increase was still within clinically acceptable limits (>15 g/kg per d) and no significant difference was observed in the weight between the two groups. There was no significant difference in weight between the groups at discharge or at the 12-month corrected gestational age review. Although we demonstrated a significant reduction in the weight growth velocity of preterm infants receiving PDHM at 34 weeks’ PMA, this difference is not present at discharge, suggesting that the growth deficit is reduced by supplementation before discharge.
The Eleazar Miracle and Solomon's Magical Wisdom in Flavius Josephus'sAntiquitates Judaicae8.42–49
Authors: Duling Dennis C.
Published: April 2019

The fascinating legend of Solomon's magical wisdom was widespread in Late Antiquity, and new evidence for it has surfaced in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Nag Hammadi texts. Yet the key literary text for understanding the legend remains the miracle story of Eleazar in Josephus'sAntiquitates Judaicae8.42–49. In this article, I would like to examine the story's form, content, and function. First, it is necessary to clarify the story by a formal analysis and by relating its form to other miracles within the corpus of Josephus, and to similar accounts of miracles in Late Antiquity. Next, I shall examine the way in which this miracle functions in theAntiquitatesfrom the perspective of Josephus's overall apologetic purpose, his view of miracle and magic, his portrait of Solomon, his knowledge of the Jewish legend of Solomon's magical wisdom, and his immediate context for the story. Finally, I shall propose a modest hypothesis about Josephus's treatment of the Eleazar miracle in relation to his social location as a Jewish apologist to educated Greco-Roman readers in the first century CE.
Apophasis in Plotinus: A Critical Approach
Authors: Sells Michael
Published: April 2019

Is apophasis dead? Can there be a contemporary apophatic theology, or critical method, or approach to comparative religion and interreligious dialogue? If such approaches are possible, then a resource of virtually unfathomable richness lies largely untapped. I suggest that apophasis has much to offer to contemporary thought and that, in turn, classical apophasis can be critically reevaluated from the perspective of contemporary concerns.
Childhood trauma and the impact of deployment on the development of mental disorder in military males
Authors: Syed Sheriff Rebecca , Van Hooff Miranda , Malhi Gin , Grace Blair , McFarlane Alexander
Published: April 2019

Background

Childhood adversity is associated with mental disorder following military deployment. However, it is unclear how different childhood trauma profiles relate to developing a post-deployment disorder. We investigated childhood trauma prospectively in determining new post-deployment probable disorder.

Methods

In total, 1009 Regular male ADF personnel from the Australian Defence Force (ADF) Middle East Area of Operations (MEAO) Prospective Study provided pre- and post-deployment self-report data. Logistic regression and generalised structural equation modelling were utilised to examine associations between childhood trauma and new post-deployment probable disorder and possible mediator pathways through pre-deployment symptoms.

Results

There were low rates of pre-deployment probable disorder. New post-deployment probable disorder was associated with childhood trauma, index deployment factors (combat role and deployment trauma) and pre-deployment symptoms but not with demographic, service or adult factors prior to the index deployment (including trauma, combat or previous deployment). Even after controlling for demographic, service and adult factors prior to the index deployment as well as index deployment trauma, childhood trauma was still a significant determinant of new post-deployment probable disorder. GSEM demonstrated that the association between interpersonal childhood trauma and new post-deployment probable disorder was fully mediated by pre-deployment symptoms. This was not the case for those who experienced childhood trauma that was not interpersonal in nature.

Conclusions

To determine the risk of developing a post-deployment disorder an understanding of the types of childhood trauma encountered is essential, and pre-deployment symptom screening alone is insufficient
The unfinished business of Trinitarian theorizing
Authors: TUGGY DALE
Published: April 2019

In recent years, many resourceful thinkers have brought a new clarity to the issues surrounding the doctrine of the Trinity. Two incompatible families of Trinitarian doctrine have been clearly distinguished: Social Trinitarianism and Latin Trinitarianism. I argue here that no theory in either camp has yet evaded the triune pitfalls of inconsistency, unintelligibility, and poor fit with the Bible. These two main approaches appear to be hopeless, and I argue that appeals to ‘mystery’ are no way to avoid the difficulties at hand. Thus, the Trinitarian project is as yet unfinished.
American policy orientalized
Authors: Wehrle Edmund F.
Published: April 2019

America's Miracle Man in Vietnam presents a prime example of the controversial new cultural trend in U.S. diplomatic history. On the surface, the author's depiction of the process whereby Ngo Dinh Diem became America's candidate to head the new country of South Vietnam is familiar (see, for instance, George Herring, America's Longest War, Temple University Press, 1986, 50–69). Echoing others, Jacobs argues that the U.S. promotion of Diem ultimately led to severe setbacks in Southeast Asia. So blatant were Diem's flaws, Jacobs insists, virtually any prescient observer could have predicted his unsuitability to lead nascent South Vietnam. Diem had no political base, was “undeniably an autocrat,” and appeared to be an eccentric loner by virtually all accounts (38). Once in office, Diem predictably launched his “reign of terror and error,” alienating legions of his countrymen and strengthening his opposition, which emerged officially as the National Liberation Front in 1960 (17).
Ambivalent assimilation
Authors: Richards David A. J.
Published: April 2019

Legal philosophy as a discipline, was, at best, a marginal topic of philosophical inquiry before H. L. A. Hart turned his attention to it. It may be said of Hart that no philosopher after Hart's work in the philosophy of law could ever reasonably regard legal philosophy as marginal again. Before Hart, legal positivism had, of course, its important advocates, but Hart's The Concept of Law showed that its earlier proponents had been wedded either to a command theory of law that was clearly indefensible (Hobbes, Bentham, and Austin) or a conception of norms that was inadequately defended (Kelsen, Hagerstrom, Alf Ross). In the place of the foundational concepts of command or norm, Hart rigorously defended a sociologically informed account of the operation of legal systems (marked by certain indicia of observance and acceptance) and an illuminating distinction between primary and secondary rules that explained important distinctions in law, for example, between the criminal and civil law and the constitutional law establishing the scope and limits of the competence of officials. On this basis, Hart offered an account of law as a subset of social rules, marked by its monopoly of coercive power over a well-defined territory and the finality of its authority over matters involving the scope and limits of such power. Since truth claims about law are made on the basis of ascertaining such rules, determined by observance and acceptance, such claims in law truthfully can be and are made without knowing whether such rules are substantively just according to a philosophically defensible theory of justice. For this reason, Hart argued that legal positivism is the better philosophy of law, since law can be known without knowing its justice, and positivism makes clear the responsibility of independent ethical criticism of law's sometime amorality and immorality. No one after Hart wrote about these matters, would ever think of law in the same way, and the case for legal positivism, as a philosophy of law, had been placed on an altogether sounder philosophical basis.
Facing up to Our Nature
Authors: Yenor Scott
Published: April 2019

Mark Blitz's Duty Bound is a penetrating treatment of responsibility. Unlike the work of many political theorists, Blitz's work transcends textual interpretation toward the realm of philosophy as such. Responsibility is the phenomenon, and Blitz is the rigorous scientist.
Countering the divisions
Authors: Dietrich Donald J.
Published: April 2019

Araujo and Lucal have written a lucid and scholarly history of papal diplomacy from the medieval period to the end of the League of Nations as the first volume in their projected two-part study. Both Jesuits have served on the Permanent Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations and so have developed the ability to read the documents with a critical eye as they parse the meaning of what is sometimes fairly vague diplomatic language that, in reality, is framing an agenda. In the nine chapters of this book, the reader will be immersed into the ongoing attempts of the Holy See to fulfill the church's commitment to maximize the dignity of each person through the diplomacy that it has conducted since the Middle Ages. In the course of their analysis, the authors probe how the diplomats of the Holy See have developed the appropriate conditions that have made possible meaningful negotiations, how they have tried to insert the social teachings of the Catholic Church into each diplomatic agenda, and how they have tried to safeguard the exercise of each person's religious conscience.
The medieval and the modern
Authors: Heyking John von
Published: April 2019

Bettina Koch has written an important book that challenges the traditional typologies of medieval versus modern political thought. She provides extended comparisons of Marsilius of Padua, Johannes Althusius, and Thomas Hobbes on a number of key topics and shows that their differences point to a common, central concern for medieval Christendom: the relationship of temporal and spiritual powers, the so-called Gelasian two swords. In arguing for continuity between medieval and modern thought (where Marsilius is ostensibly medieval, Hobbes is modern, and Althusius is often seen as a hybrid), she follows the path laid out by scholars including Brian Tierney, James H. Burns, J. G. A. Pocock, Antony Black, and Cary Nederman. However, she draws on an eclectic range of thinkers, including Eric Voegelin, Michael Oakeshott, Norbert Elias, Hans Blumenberg, and Jacob Taubes to articulate both the continuity and discontinuity between medieval and modern thought. The result, as indicated by her title, is that the categories of “medieval” and “modern” cannot be completely useful except as a sort of shorthand, because medieval elements can be found in modern thought and vice versa. There is continuity but also discontinuity, and her book provides a subtle analysis of how both work.
THE PARADOX OF GROUP AUTONOMY
Authors: Wellman Christopher Heath
Published: April 2019

This essay explores the prospects of developing a satisfying account
of group autonomy without rejecting value-individualism. That is, I will
examine whether one can adequately explain the moral reasons to respect a
group's claim to self-determination while insisting that only
individual persons are of ultimate moral value.
THE IMPACT OF TAX POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH, INCOME DISTRIBUTION,
AND ALLOCATION OF TAXES
Authors: Gwartney James D. , Lawson Robert A.
Published: April 2019

Using a sample of seventy-seven countries, this paper focuses on
marginal tax rates and the income thresholds at which they apply to
examine how the tax changes of the 1980s and 1990s have influenced
economic growth, the distribution of income, and the share of taxes paid
by various income groups. Many countries substantially reduced their
highest marginal rates during the 1985-1995 period. The findings indicate
that countries that reduced their highest marginal rates grew more rapidly
than those that maintained high marginal rates. At the same time, the
income distribution in several of the tax cutting countries became more
unequal while there was little change or even a reduction in income
inequality in most countries that maintained high marginal rates. Finally,
the evidence suggests that there was a shift in the payment of the
personal income tax away from those with low and middle incomes and toward
those with the highest incomes.
HOUSEHOLDS AND THE FISCAL SYSTEM
Authors: Shaviro Daniel N.
Published: April 2019

One of the most vexed issues in income tax policy is how family or
household status should affect tax liability. This article suggests a
general approach for thinking about the treatment of households in the
fiscal system generally under a utilitarian social welfare norm. The
United States fiscal rules considered include those not only in the income
tax but under Social Security, Medicare, and safety net programs. Among
the recommendations that emerge from the analysis are (1) recognizing
couples for tax and transfer purposes without limitation to those that are
married, (2) reducing the fiscal system's current distributional bias in
favor of one-earner couples and its discouraging work by secondary
earners, and (3) providing significantly more favorable treatment of
households with children than of those with similar resources but no or
fewer children, without limiting this more favorable treatment, in the
manner of present U.S. law, to relatively poor households.
CHOICE, CATALLAXY, AND JUST TAXATION: CONTRASTING ARCHITECTONICS FOR
FISCAL THEORIZING
Authors: Wagner Richard E.
Published: April 2019

Contemporary fiscal theorizing largely assimilates the activities of
government to that of some choosing agent. This paper explores an
alternative approach where government is assimilated to an emergent
process of complex interaction, as a form of complex adaptive system.
Within this alternative vision, governments are treated not as objects of
intervention into a market economy but as arenas of organized
participation within it. While recent developments in computational
modeling are starting to provide tools for probing such a vision, the
roots of that vision can be traced back to the spontaneous order theorists
of the 18th century. After sketching some contours of this alternative
vision, the remainder of the paper explores some possible implications of
this change in vision for mapping the relationship among taxation,
prosperity, and justice.
Immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using truncated nucleoproteins of Reston Ebola virus
Authors: IKEGAMI T. , SAIJO M. , NIIKURA M. , MIRANDA M. E. , CALAOR A. B. , HERNANDEZ M. , MANALO D. L. , KURANE I. , YOSHIKAWA Y. , MORIKAWA S.
Published: April 2019

We developed an immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using partial recombinant nucleoproteins (rNP) of Reston Ebola virus (EBO-R) and Zaire Ebola virus (EBO-Z). We examined the reaction of 10 sera from cynomolgus macaques naturally infected with EBO-R to each of the partial rNP in the IgG ELISA. All the sera reacted to the C-terminal halves of the rNP of both EBO-R and EBO-Z. Most of the sera reacted to the RΔC (amino acid (aa) 360–739), and RΔ6 (aa 451–551) and/or RΔ8 (aa 631–739) at a higher dilution than to the corresponding truncated rNPs of EBO-Z. The results indicate that this IgG ELISA is useful for detecting EBO-R specific antibody, and may have a potential to discriminate EBO-R infection from other subtypes.
Epidemiology and molecular characterization of co-circulating influenza A/H3N2 virus variants in children: Houston, Texas, 1997–8
Authors: O'DONNELL F. T. , MUNOZ F. M. , ATMAR R. L. , HWANG L. Y. , DEMMLER G. J. , GLEZEN W. P.
Published: April 2019

Co-circulating variants of influenza A/H3N2 viruses in children were studied in Houston, Texas between October 1997 and March 1998 to assess the effects of a new variant strain on the severity of clinical illness. Influenza A virus was isolated from the nasal wash or nasal aspirate specimens collected from children at two tertiary care hospitals, and 271 isolates were available for variant-specific subtyping using RT–PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. We classified 124 (46%) influenza viruses as A/H3N2/Wuhan/359/95-like and 137 (50%) as A/H3N2/Sydney/05/97-like. Ten (4%) virus isolates could not be classified. Ill contacts in the household were reported more frequently in patients infected with A/Sydney-like viruses than in those infected with A/Wuhan-like viruses (85% vs. 71%, respectively, P=0·02). There were no differences in other demographic variables among children infected with these strains. This study found no increase in illness severity in children infected with a newly emerging strain.
A national outbreak of infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage types 5c and 6a associated with Chinese food businesses in Scotland, summer 2000
Authors: COWDEN J. , HAMLET N. , LOCKING M. , ALLARDICE G.
Published: April 2019

An outbreak of salmonellosis, involving cases of infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage types (PT) 5c and 6a, occurred across Scotland between May and August 2000. In total, 70 outbreak cases were microbiologically confirmed. Preliminary investigation suggested that consumption of food, especially chicken dishes, from Chinese restaurants or take-aways (food businesses) was a risk factor for infection. A matched case-control study demonstrated a statistically significant association (OR 22·4, P=0·0024) between infection and consumption of food from Chinese food businesses. A cohort study of novel design suggested that chicken was an important vehicle of infection. However the result did not reach statistical significance (OR 1·7, P=0·3). Extensive environmental investigation was unable to identify the source of the suspected contaminated chicken.
Erratum
Authors: ZHOU Z. , OGASAWARA J. , NISHIKAWA Y.
Published: April 2019

Epidemiol. Infect. 128 (2002), 363–371

An outbreak of gastroenteritis in Osaka, Japan due toEscherichia coliserogroup O166[ratio ]H15 that had a coding gene for enteroaggregativeE. coliheat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1)

Tables 1 and 2 were omitted
Long-term outcome after tricuspid valvectomy in a neonate with Candida endocarditis: a case report
Authors: Vanhie Ellen S. I. , Bogers Ad J. J. C. , Helbing Willem A.
Published: April 2019

Tricuspid valvectomy is a rare surgical intervention, and knowledge regarding long-term outcome in children is lacking. We report a favourable outcome 11 years after tricuspid valvectomy in early infancy without subsequent surgery or other cardiac interventions. Specific criteria for timing of re-intervention are lacking. Application of adult tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation recommendations is helpful but has limitations.
Sudden cardiac death associated with cardiac catheterization in Williams syndrome: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Abu-Sultaneh Samer , Gondim Mercia J. , Alexy Ryan D. , Mastropietro Christopher W.
Published: April 2019

Williams syndrome is a rare genetic disease that affects elastin production, leading to medium and large vessel stenoses and other abnormalities. Cardiac manifestations of Williams syndrome are the most life-threatening, occurring in 80% of children. Children with Williams syndrome are known to be at risk for sudden cardiac death. These tragic events are often precipitated by diagnostic or therapeutic procedures requiring anaesthesia or sedation, such as cardiac catheterisation. We present the case of a 3-month-old infant with Williams syndrome who suffered sudden cardiac arrest during cardiac catheterisation and subsequent arrest approximately 48 hours after the procedure. We also review the current literature focused on children with Williams syndrome who have suffered sudden cardiac arrest during or after cardiac catheterisation procedures.
The genusAfzeliaand the Belitung ship
Authors: HAW STEPHEN G.
Published: April 2019

It has been claimed that the ninth-century shipwreck found near the island of Belitung, Indonesia, is that of an Arabian ship. The evidence for this is examined in detail, and found to be less than convincing. The identifications of samples of wood from the wreck are shown to be unreliable at species level. The construction technique of the ship appears to resemble that of the eastern Indian Ocean, not the western Indian Ocean. Various items from the wreck connect it with Southeast Asia: a piloncito coin probably came from Java. Very little from the ship suggests any link at all with the western Indian Ocean. Overall, the strongest probability is that the ship was built in Southeast Asia.
The Neoliberal Production of Deserving and Undeserving Poor: A Critique of the Australian Experience of Microfinance
Authors: Mackenzie Catherine , Louth Jonathon
Published: April 2019

Neoliberalism as economic orthodoxy has facilitated the onset of social and public policy that is required to ‘fit’ with the common sense of our times. This article critiques the growth of government-supported financial capability programs in Australia. We explore the experiences of a sample of rural South Australians who have accessed microcredit. We found that microcredit provides an avenue for poverty survival by reducing the stresses associated with financial shocks through consumption smoothing, yet that the extent to which microcredit contributes to addressing poverty and inequality is questionable. We critique how the discourse of financial resilience aims to produce deserving neoliberal citizens who are moving toward self-reliance. We conclude that effort should be directed at developing a structural, proportionate universal approach that does not rely on financially vulnerable individuals navigating a regulatory environment that rewards and punishes in accordance to a market logic.
Late Pleistocene sediments, landforms and events in Scotland: a review of the terrestrial stratigraphic record
Authors: MERRITT Jon W. , HALL Adrian M. , GORDON John E. , CONNELL E. Rodger
Published: April 2019

Lithostratigraphical studies coupled with the development of new dating methods has led to significant progress in understanding the Late Pleistocene terrestrial record in Scotland. Systematic analysis and re-evaluation of key localities have provided new insights into the complexity of the event stratigraphy in some regions and the timing of Late Pleistocene environmental changes, but few additional critical sites have been described in the past 25 years. The terrestrial stratigraphic record remains important for understanding the timing, sequence and patterns of glaciation and deglaciation during the last glacial/interglacial cycle. Former interpretations of ice-free areas in peripheral areas during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are inconsistent with current stratigraphic and dating evidence. Significant challenges remain to determine events and patterns of glaciation during the Early and Middle Devensian, particularly in the context of offshore evidence and ice sheet modelling that indicate significant build-up of ice throughout much of the period. The terrestrial evidence broadly supports recent reconstructions of a highly dynamic and climate-sensitive British–Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS), which apparently reached its greatest thickness in Scotland between 30 and 27ka, before the global LGM. A thick (relative to topography) integrated ice sheet reaching the shelf edge with a simple ice-divide structure was replaced after the LGM by a much thinner one comprising multiple dispersion centres and a more complex flow structure.
Convergent Evidence for the Validity of a Performance-Based ICT	Skills Test
Authors: Engelhardt Lena , Naumann Johannes , Goldhammer Frank , Frey Andreas , Wenzel S. Franziska C. , Hartig Katja , Horz Holger
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The goal of this study was to investigate sources of evidence of convergent validity supporting the construct interpretation of scores on a simulation-based information and communication technology (ICT) skills test. The construct definition understands ICT skills as reliant on ICT-specific knowledge as well as comprehension and problem-solving skills. On the basis of this, a validity argument comprising three claims was formulated and tested. (1) In line with the classical nomothetic span approach, all three predictor variables explained task success positively across all ICT skills items. As ICT tasks can vary in the extent to which they require construct-related knowledge and skills and in the way related items are designed and implemented, the effects of construct-related predictor variables were expected to vary across items. (2) A task-based analysis approach revealed that the item-level effects of the three predictor variables were in line with the targeted construct interpretation for most items. (3) Finally, item characteristics could significantly explain the random effect of problem-solving skills, but not comprehension skills. Taken together, the obtained results generally support the validity of the construct interpretation.
Faking-Good Behavior in Self-Favorable Scales of the	MMPI-2
Authors: Roma Paolo , Mazza Cristina , Mammarella Simona , Mantovani Beatrice , Mandarelli Gabriele , Ferracuti Stefano
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Speeded answering to items on a personality test has long been considered a factor in the validity of the results obtained. In this study, to better understand the utility of time pressure in the evaluation of faking-good behavior, we assessed four groups of volunteers in “honest versus faking-good” and “without time pressure versus speeded” conditions. We compared respondents’ T-point scores in the three self-favorable scales of the MMPI-2 (L, K, and S), their response latencies in these scales, and the number of pathological items they endorsed. Data from 102 males ( M = 25.5, SD = 2.16 years) showed that the faking-good condition required more time and the speeded condition increased T-point scores. Comparisons with previous research are discussed, and ideas for further study are generated.
Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations of ULF Waves and Correlated Low‐Energy Ion Monoenergetic Acceleration
Authors: Li B. , Han D.‐S. , Hu Z.‐J. , Hu H.‐Q. , Liu J.‐J. , Dai L. , Liu H. , Escoubet C. P. , Dunlop M. W. , Ergun R. E. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T.
Published: April 2019

Low‐energy ions of ionospheric origin with energies below 10s of electron volt dominate most of the volume and mass of the terrestrial magnetosphere. However, sunlit spacecraft often become positively charged to several 10s of volts, which prevents low‐energy ions from reaching the particle detectors on the spacecraft. Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft (MMS) observations show that ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves drive low‐energy ions to drift in the E × B direction with a drift velocity equal to VE × B, and low‐energy ions were accelerated to sufficient total energy to be measured by the MMS/Fast Plasma Investigation Dual Ion Spectrometers. The maximum low‐energy ion energy flux peak seen in MMS1's dual ion spectrometer measurements agreed well with the theoretical calculation of H+ ion E × B drift energy. The density of ions in the energy range below minimum energy threshold was between 1 and 3 cm−3 in the magnetosphere subsolar region in this event.
Southwest Pacific Vertical Structure Influences on Oceanic Carbon Storage Since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Clementi Vincent J. , Sikes Elisabeth L.
Published: April 2019

Lower atmospheric CO2 concentrations during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 23.0–18.0 ka) have been attributed to the sequestration of respired carbon in the ocean interior, yet the mechanism responsible for the release of this CO2 during the deglaciation remains uncertain. Here we present calculations of vertical differences in oxygen and carbon isotopes (∆δ18O and ∆δ13C, respectively) from a depth transect of southwest Pacific Ocean sediment cores to reconstruct changes in water mass structure and CO2 storage. During the Last Glacial Maximum, ∆δ18O indicates a more homogenous deep Pacific below 1,100 m, whereas regional ∆δ13C elucidates greater sequestration of CO2 in two distinct layers: enhanced CO2 storage at intermediate depths between ~940 and 1,400 m, and significantly more CO2 at 1,600 m and below. This highlights an isolated glacial intermediate water mass and places the main geochemical divide at least 500 m shallower than the Holocene. During the initial stages of the deglaciation in Heinrich Stadial 1 (17.5–14.5 ka), restructuring of the upper ~2,000 m of the southwest Pacific water column coincided with sea‐ice retreat and rapid CO2 release from intermediate depths, while CO2 release from the deep ocean was earlier and more gradual than waters above it. These changes suggest that sea‐ice retreat and shifts in Southern Ocean frontal locations contributed to rapid CO2 ventilation from the Southern Ocean's intermediate depths and gradual ventilation from the deep ocean during the early deglaciation.
New Method for Computing Postseismic Deformations in a Realistic Gravitational Viscoelastic Earth Model
Authors: Tang He , Sun Wenke
Published: April 2019

After extensive development of the dislocation theories regarding static deformations that are due to earthquakes, coseismic deformations can be well explained by the present elastic dislocation theories. However, it is difficult to separate and interpret the contributions from interseismic and postseismic deformations, because various mechanisms are involved, including the coupling of the fault interface, aftershock activity, porous‐elastic rebound, and viscoelastic relaxation. It is only possible to infer the dominant mechanism for an earthquake via multiobservation of postseismic deformations in regions that have a dense geodetic network. Accurately simulating a process in a realistic Earth model is a unique way to overcome this difficulty. Here, we present a new robust, accurate, and antioscillational method for modeling the postseismic deformations that are due to viscoelastic relaxation in a realistic gravitational spherical Earth model with linear viscoelastic rheological models. The viscoelastic dislocation Love numbers are evaluated by comparing the results of Sun and Okubo (1993, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB03536), those of Tanaka et al. (2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02821.x, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03486.x), and our newly derived analytical results. The satisfactory consistency between our new results and previous ones demonstrates that our proposed method is highly accurate. This robust and accurate forward modeling approach is helpful for investigating and separating the major mechanism of the postseismic deformations and will greatly benefit the inverse investigation of the ground viscoelastic parameters from geodetic observations.
Cytokine-induced translocation of GRP78 to the plasma membrane triggers a pro-apoptotic feedback loop in pancreatic beta cells
Authors: Vig Saurabh , Buitinga Mijke , Rondas Dieter , Crèvecoeur Inne , van Zandvoort Marc , Waelkens Etienne , Eizirik Decio L. , Gysemans Conny , Baatsen Pieter , Mathieu Chantal , Overbergh Lut
Published: April 2019

The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is an ubiquitously expressed endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, with a central role in maintaining protein homeostasis. Recently, an alternative role for GRP78 under stress conditions has been proposed, with stress-induced extracellular secretion and translocation of GRP78 to the cell surface where it acts as a multifunctional signaling receptor. Here we demonstrate translocation of GRP78 to the surface of human EndoC-βH1 cells and primary human islets upon cytokine exposure, in analogy to observations in rodent INS-1E and MIN6 beta cell lines. We show that GRP78 is shuttled via the anterograde secretory pathway, through the Golgi complex and secretory granules, and identify the DNAJ homolog subfamily C member 3 (DNAJC3) as a GRP78-interacting protein that facilitates its membrane translocation. Evaluation of downstream signaling pathways, using N- and C-terminal anti-GRP78 blocking antibodies, demonstrates that both GRP78 signaling domains initiate pro-apoptotic signaling cascades in beta cells. Extracellular GRP78 itself is identified as a ligand for cell surface GRP78 (sGRP78), increasing caspase 3/7 activity and cell death upon binding, which is accompanied by enhanced Chop and Bax mRNA expression. These results suggest that inflammatory cytokines induce a self-destructive pro-apoptotic feedback loop through the secretion and membrane translocation of GRP78. This proapoptotic function distinguishes the role of sGRP78 in beta cells from its reported anti-apoptotic and proliferative role in cancer cells, opening the road for the use of compounds that block sGRP78 as potential beta cell-preserving therapies in type 1 diabetes.
Monomethyltransferase SET8 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma growth by enhancing aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Chen Xiangyuan , Ding Xiaowei , Wu Qichao , Qi Jie , Zhu Minmin , Miao Changhong
Published: April 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers worldwide. Despite such a public health importance, efficient therapeutic agents are still lacking for this malignancy. Most tumor cells use aerobic glycolysis to sustain anabolic growth, including HCC, and the preference of glycolysis often leads to a close association with poorer clinical outcomes. The histone methyltransferase SET8 plays crucial roles in controlling cell-cycle progression, transcription regulation, and tumorigenesis. However, it remains largely undefined whether SET8 affects the glucose metabolism in HCC. Here, we report that upregulation of SET8 is positively correlated with a poor survival rate in HCC patients. Both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SET8 deficiency conferred an impaired glucose metabolism phenotype and thus inhibited the progression of HCC tumors. By contrast, SET8 overexpression aggravated the glycolytic alterations and tumor progression. Mechanistically, SET8 directly binds to and inactivates KLF4, resulting in suppression of its downstream SIRT4. We also provided further evidence that mutations in SET8 failed to restrain the transactivation of SIRT4 by KLF4. Our data collectively uncover a novel mechanism of SET8 in mediating glycolytic metabolism in HCC cells and may provide a basis for targeting SET8 as a therapeutic strategy in HCC.
B7-H3 promotes aerobic glycolysis and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells by regulating HK2
Authors: Shi Tongguo , Ma Yanchao , Cao Lei , Zhan Shenghua , Xu Yunyun , Fu Fengqing , Liu Cuiping , Zhang Guangbo , Wang Zhenxin , Wang Ruoqin , Lu Huimin , Lu Binfeng , Chen Weichang , Zhang Xueguang
Published: April 2019

Accumulating evidence suggests that aerobic glycolysis is important for colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. B7-H3, an immunoregulatory protein, is broadly overexpressed by multiple tumor types and plays a vital role in tumor progression. In this study, we found that overexpression of B7-H3 effectively increased the rate of glucose consumption and lactate production, whereas knockdown of B7-H3 had the opposite effect. Furthermore, we showed that B7-H3 increased glucose consumption and lactate production by promoting hexokinase 2 (HK2) expression in CRC cells, and we also found that HK2 was a key mediator of B7-H3-induced CRC chemoresistance. Depletion of HK2 expression or treating cells with HK2 inhibitors could reverse the B7-H3-induced increase in aerobic glycolysis and B7-H3-endowed chemoresistance of cancer cells. Moreover, we verified a positive correlation between the expression of B7-H3 and HK2 in tumor tissues of CRC patients. Collectively, our findings suggest that B7-H3 may be a novel regulator of glucose metabolism and chemoresistance via controlling HK2 expression in CRC cells, a result that could help develop B7-H3 as a promising therapeutic target for CRC treatment.