bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cadomian protolith ages of exotic mega blocks from Bugaj and Andrychów (Western outer Carpathians, Poland) and their palaeogeographic significance
Authors: Burda Jolanta , Woskowicz-Ślęzak Beata , Klötzli Urs , Gawęda Aleksandra
Published: February 2019

This study presents the first zircon U-Pb LA-MC-ICP-MS ages and whole-rock Rb/Sr and Sm/Nd data from exotic blocks (Bugaj and Andrychów) from the Western Outer Carpathians (WOC) flysch. The CL images of the zircon crystals from both samples reveal typical magmatic textures characterized by a well-defined concentric and oscillatory growth zoning. A concordia age 580.1 ± 6.0 Ma of the zircons from the Bugaj sample is considered to represent the crystallization age of this granite. The zircon crystals from the Andrychów orthogneiss yield an age of 542 ± 21 Ma, interpreted as the uppermost Proterozoic, magmatic crystallization age of the granitoid protholith. The initial (at ca. 580 Ma) 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Bugaj granitoids (0.72997 and 0.72874) are highly radiogenic, pointing to the assimilation of an older, possibly strongly Rb enriched source to the Bugaj melt. The Nd isotope systematics (εNd580 –1.4 and 0.4) also point to a significant contribution of such a distinct mantle source. On the basis of the sequence of magmatic events obtained from U-Pb zircon ages, we suggest that exotic mega blocks deposited to the WOC basins were related to the Brunovistulicum Terrane. They belong to the group of Vendian/Cambrian granitoids representing the latest, posttectonic expression of the Cadomian cycle.
The effect of therapy on plasma ghrelin and leptin levels, and appetite in children with iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Kucuk Nuran , Orbak Zerrin , Karakelloglu Cahit , Akcay Fatih
Published: February 2019

Background

It is known that iron deficiency anemia effects appetite and growth negatively. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of iron therapy on appetite, growth and plasma ghrelin and leptin levels in children aged between 12 and 24 months with isolated nutritional iron deficiency anemia.

Methods

Iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed by clinic and laboratory findings. All 19 cases were given 5 mg/kg/day iron therapy for 3 months.

Results

The mean plasma ghrelin level was 936.7±428.8 pg/mL before therapy and it increased to 1284.7±533.3 pg/mL (p<0.001) while the mean plasma leptin level decreased from 3.4±1.6 ng/mL to 1.9±1.0 ng/mL (p<0.01) after therapy. The amount of daily caloric intake, carbohydrate and protein intake were significantly increased after therapy (p<0.001). Δ body weight was correlated with plasma ghrelin levels before and after therapy significantly.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that plasma ghrelin level increases and leptin level decreases and growth accelerates because of an increase in appetite and daily calories, carbohydrate and protein amount in children with nutritional iron deficiency anemia after iron therapy. The increase in appetite and acceleration on growth in iron deficiency anemia might result from decreased leptin and increased plasma ghrelin levels. The most important finding of this study is significantly increased plasma ghrelin levels after iron therapy, and this finding might be related to both the improved appetite and catch-up growth.
Experimental Study on the Buckling of Subsea Pipe-in-Pipe Systems
Authors: Zechao Zhang , Jinghai Yu , Zhihua Chen , Jinchao Huang , Zhe Wang , Hongbo Liu
Published: February 2019

Global buckling often occurs in high-temperature and high-pressure subsea pipe-in-pipe (PIP) systems. However, only a few studies, especially experimental studies, have been conducted on the lateral buckling of PIP systems. An experimental study on the lateral buckling of a PIP system was carried out in this article. The experimental device for the global buckling of oil temperature-loaded PIP system was designed, and the lateral buckling experiment was carried out for nine groups of PIP systems. The working mechanism of the PIP system was obtained through the experiment, and the critical point for pipeline buckling was determined according to the sum of the axial forces of the outer and inner pipes. The experimental results indicated that the lateral buckling response were related to the wavelength l0, whereas the effect of amplitude Vm was relatively small.
FARKLI KAYNAKLARDAN İZOLE EDİLMİŞ LAKTİK ASİT BAKTERİLERİNİN EKZOPOLİSAKKARİT ÜRETİMİ VE KOLESTEROL ASİMİLASYON YETENEKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: ALP Duygu , KULEAŞAN Hakan
Published: February 2019

Bağırsak sistemimizde yer alan yararlı
mikroorganizmaların önemli özelliklerinden birisi gastrointestinal sistemdeki
farklı koşullara karşı direnç gösterebilmeleridir. Bu koşullar arasında safra
tuzlarına karşı direnç ve düşük pH’da gelişim yer almaktadır. Gastrointestinal
sistemde canlılıklarını sürdürebilmek için yararlı bakteriler spesifik enzim
sentezi veya ekzopolisakkarit üretimi gibi çeşitli savunma mekanizmaları
geliştirmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada çeşitli fermente gıdalardan ve bitkilerden
izole edilmiş laktik asit bakterilerinin safra tuzu dirençleri, düşük pH’da
gelişim özelliklerinin yanı sıra, ekzopolisakkarit üretimleri ve kolesterol
asimilasyon yetenekleri belirlenmiştir. Ekzopolisakkarit (EPS) üretimlerinin
11.9 ile 1.1 mg/L arasında değiştiği belirlenirken toplam kolesterol
asimilasyon yüzdeleri % 60.71 ile % 16.71 arasında değişim göstermiştir.
Kolesterol asimilasyon yetenekleri ile EPS üretimleri arasında bir bağlantı
bulunamamıştır.
Sri Lanka in 2018
Authors: Padma Sree
Published: February 2019

The highlight of Maithripala Sirisena’s presidency came in its very beginning when he ended a decade of autocracy by restoring democracy. And when rivalry with his own prime minister, Ranil Wickremesinghe, devolved into a constitutional crisis, Sirisena was forced to abide by the democratic norms he had restored.
Bangladesh in 2018
Authors: Fair C. Christine
Published: February 2019

Sheikh Hasina stole victory in the December 2018 election by hobbling the opposition, stifling criticism, stacking the courts and election commission with her lackeys, using a “war on drugs” to target rivals, and co-opting Islamists. Meanwhile, a million immiserated Rohingyas, who fled Myanmar after a brutal crackdown, still languish in desolate camps.
Malaysia in 2018
Authors: Izzuddin Mustafa
Published: February 2019

After decades of rule by the Barisan Nasional, spearheaded by the United Malays National Organisation, 2018 witnessed a change in government when the Pakatan Harapan opposition secured a stunning victory in the general election. The incumbent prime minister, Najib Razak, was defeated by his political nemesis, Mahathir Mohamad. Malaysia’s economy was stable but sluggish, growing slower than expected in 2018.
The Philippines in 2018
Authors: Atienza Maria Ela L.
Published: February 2019

Two and a half years into the Duterte administration, the country is facing high inflation rates, weak political institutions, and political uncertainty. While there are efforts toward political reform as well as peaceful settlement of conflicts, the country remains divided, with no clear strategy for reforms or nation-building being offered.
China in 2018
Authors: Breslin Shaun
Published: February 2019

President Xi Jinping dominated the Chinese stage during 2018, continuing to consolidate his power as the CCP sought to reassert its primacy. China flexed its muscles as a great power in a pitch for global leadership. Xi pushed constantly to portray China as the promoter of an open global economy, even as his own continued to slow incrementally amid the widening trade war with the US.
VIP activates primordial follicles of rat through ERK-mTOR pathway in tissue culture
Authors: Li Song , Fan Qi , Xie Yanqiu , Lin Haiyan , Qiu Qi , Liang Yihua , Zhang Qingxue
Published: February 2019

In vitro activation of primordial follicles is becoming more essential in assisted reproductive technologies. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is one of the members of the neurotrophin family which has demonstrated to have an impact on follicle development in recent years. This study aims to investigate the effect of VIP on the activation of primordial follicles in neonatal rat in an in vitro culture system and to determine the relevant molecular mechanism of their activation. Ovaries of 4-day-old rats were examined for the expression of VIP receptors and were cultured in mediums containing VIP with or without inhibitors of the ERK–mTOR signalling pathway. They were then collected for histological analysis or measurement of the molecular expression of this pathway. The receptors of VIP were found in granular cells and oocytes of primordial and early-growing follicles in neonatal ovary. The ratio of growing follicle increased in the presence VIP at different concentrations, with the highest level of increase being observed in the 10−7 mol/L VIP-treated group. The ratio of PCNA-positive granular cells was also increased, while that of the apoptotic oocytes were decreased, and protein analysis showed increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, mTOR and RPS6 in the VIP-treated group. However, the effect of VIP on the activation of primordial follicle became insignificant with the addition of MEK inhibitor (U0126) or mTORC1 inhibitor (rapamycin). This study indicated that VIP could activate neonatal rat primordial follicle through the ERK-mTOR signalling pathway, suggesting a strategy for in vitro primordial follicle recruitment.
Admiring All We Accomplish
Authors: Bulmer Alex
Published: February 2019

In this podcast, Eliza Chandler interviews artist Alex Bulmer about her experience as a blind audience member of Deirdre Logue’s exhibition Admiring All We Accomplish at the Tangled Art Gallery.
Own Your Cervix
Authors: Dion-Fletcher Vanessa
Published: February 2019

Images from Vanessa Dion-Fletcher's exhibit at Tangled Art Gallery. Images are accompanied with descriptions.
Early Use of Anti-influenza Medications in Hospitalized Children With Tracheostomy
Authors: Miyakawa Ryo , Barreto Nicolas B. , Kato Roberta M. , Neely Michael N. , Russell Christopher J.
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND:

Early administration of anti-influenza medications is recommended for all children hospitalized with influenza. We investigated whether early use of anti-influenza medications is associated with improved outcomes in children with tracheostomy hospitalized with influenza.

METHODS:

We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study through the Pediatric Health Information System database for patients aged 30 days to 19 years who were discharged between October 1, 2007, and September 30, 2015 with diagnostic codes for both influenza and tracheostomy. Our primary predictor was receipt of anti-influenza medications on hospital day 0 or 1. We used propensity score matching to adjust for confounding by indication. Primary outcomes were length of stay (LOS) and 30-day all-cause revisit rate (emergency department visit or hospital admission).

RESULTS:

Of 1436 discharges screened, 899 met inclusion criteria. The median admission age was 5 years (interquartile range: 2–10). The majority had multiple complex chronic conditions (median 3; interquartile range: 3–4) and technology dependence, such as gastrostomy tube (73.6%). After matching 772 unique admissions by propensity score, LOS was shorter for the cohort receiving early anti-influenza medications (6.4 vs 7.5 days; P = .01) without increase in revisit rate (27.5% vs 24.1%; P = .28). More than 80% in both cohorts received empirical antibiotics, and the duration of antibiotic therapy was similar (5.0 vs 5.6 days; P = .11).

CONCLUSIONS:

Early use of anti-influenza medications in children with tracheostomy hospitalized with influenza is associated with shorter LOS, but these children continue to receive antibiotics despite identification and treatment of their viral infections.
The Prevalence of People With Restricted Access to Work in Man-Made Electromagnetic Environments
Authors: Bevington Michael
Published: February 2019

Some surveys have identified people who have restricted access to work in environments with man-made electromagnetic exposures. This study attempts to determine their prevalence, an aspect not previously investigated in its own right. It is based on analyses of the two different types of surveys of people with Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance attributed to Electromagnetic Fields (IEI-EMF), or Electromagnetic Hyper-Sensitivity (EHS), either of the general population or of people with IEI-EMF/EHS. In addition, there are different definitions of IEI-EMF/EHS, with a range of subconscious, mild, moderate or severe symptoms, potentially leading in three stages to hyper-sensitivity. The current evidence is assessed as indicating that, in addition to subconscious sensitivity, the prevalence of IEI-EMF/EHS is between about 5.0 and 30 per cent of the general population for mild cases, 1.5 and 5.0 per cent for moderate cases and < 1.5 per cent for severe cases. The prevalence of people restricted in their access to work in a man-made electromagnetic environment is estimated at 0.65 per cent of the general population, at about 18% of the general population with moderate IEI-EMF/EHS. The estimate of 0.65% equates to 435,500 people in the UK’s population of 67 million. Some reasons for possible under-reporting are discussed. Adjustments can enable some people with this disability to remain in employment, suggesting that rates of restriction in access to work may fall as employers become aware of what adjustments are needed.
Does Student-Led Faculty Development Have A Place in Health Professions Education?
Authors: Wright David Benjamin , Mullen Ashley , Gardner Aimee
Published: February 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Instructors at health sciences universities typically transition directly from the clinical to academic setting, limiting their ability to formally develop proficiency in the science of teaching. We assess the effectiveness of a student-led faculty development course and faculty perceptions of the program. Methods: Faculty from a clinical graduate program participated in a longitudinal student-led faculty development course. The course was offered in four separate 90-minute modules led by a student facilitator. Faculty completed course evaluations after each module, a knowledge assessment before and after the course, and a comprehensive evaluation upon completion of the course. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the effectiveness of the course and faculty perceptions. Results: Faculty (N=5) exhibited increased knowledge in teaching and learning principles after the course (p < 0.01). The highest-rated area on the module evaluations was the relevance of the topics to the participants' roles as instructors (4.31 ± 0.22). The lowest-rated area was pace of the modules (3.55 ± 0.62). The final course evaluation results showed that faculty rated the overall curriculum delivery very high (4.20 ± 0.46). Overall, faculty rated the student's instructional quality at or above what they would expect from a peer faculty member (3.80 ± 0.72). Faculty expressed that the most valuable parts of the curriculum were applicable content, the introduction to evidence-based learning and teaching concepts, and the group discussions. Conclusions: A student-led faculty development course improved faculty knowledge of learning, teaching, and assessment principles.
An independent appraisal of an electronic OSCE management software system in a Psychiatry examination
Authors: Fernandez Colin , Guerandel Allys
Published: February 2019

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. BackgroundThe Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) is a method of assessment in psychiatry but is high in expenditure, requiring large amounts of staff time and an extensive paper trail. The Online Management Information System (OMIS) for OSCEs is a software system that proposes to reduce these drawbacks.AimsThe aim of this study was to independently evaluate the use of OMIS through feedback from all key stakeholders involved in developing, administering and implementing an OSCE in a medical school. MethodThe independent appraisal of the system was done by an anonymous survey of four major participants in an OSCE; examiners, students, the academic team in charge of preparing and implementing the OSCE and an independent Information Technology (IT) team from the university who appraised the software. ResultsFeedback from examiners, academic team and IT experts was positive indicating a preference for OMIS over the typical paper format. Students mostly indicated a neutral response stating that OMIS had neither a positive nor negative effect on them during the exam. A few participants expressed concerns over data security, difficulty with some software features and the system not being optimised for hand-held devices. ConclusionIn general, OMIS is presents as a promising tool to enhance the implementation and delivery of an OSCE exam over the typical paper format of the exam.
Antioxidant activity of essential oils from condiment plants and their effect on lactic cultures and pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Farias Paula Karoline Soares , Silva Júlio César Rodrigues Lopes , Souza Cintya Neves de , Fonseca Francine Souza Alves da , Brandi Igor Viana , Martins Ernane Ronie , Azevedo Alcinei Mistico , Almeida Anna Christina de
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: Studies about preservative and antioxidant activity of essential oils have been encouraged in recent years, given their importance to food industry. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of essential oils deriving from Syzygium aromaticum, Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia alba against lactic and pathogenic bacteria responsible for food-borne diseases. Essential oil antibacterial activity was assessed through disc diffusion and macrodilution tests conducted in a mixed lactic culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (YF-L903) and of Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 6017) strains. Based on the chromatographic analysis results, the essential oils shown to be composed of eugenol (79.41%) which was the prevalent compound in S. aromaticum, geranial (31.89%), neral (24.52%) and β-myrcene (25.37%) in C. citratus, as well as of geranial (33.80%) and neral (25.63%) in L. alba. The observed antibacterial activity confirmed the dose-dependent effect of these three oils on all the assessed bacteria; there was halo inhibition at concentration 20μL mL-1. The essential oil of S. aromaticum presented better antioxidant activity, with IC50 equal to 5.76μg mL-1 and antioxidant activity index of 6.94, and it was considered strong (AAI>2.0) in comparison to the other evaluated oils. This essential oil also presented excellent antioxidant activity at concentrations lower than the one required to inhibit lactic cultures. Based in this outcome, the essential oil from S. aromaticum can be used as preservative agent in processed food whose formulation presents lactic cultures.
Psychometric properties of the Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale in Portuguese community and forensic samples
Authors: Cruz Ana Rita , Pasion Rita , Castro Rodrigues Andreia , Zabala Carmen , Ricarte Jorge , Barbosa Fernando
Published: February 2019

Abstract Introduction Aggression can be defined according to impulsive or premeditated features. Impulsivity is defined as an uncontrolled and unplanned form of aggression. On the contrary, premeditation requires planning and is goal-oriented. Objective The purpose of this study was to validate the basic psychometric properties of the Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale (IPAS) into European Portuguese. The scale evaluates aggression according to impulsive and premeditated features, which are considered the predominant forms of aggressive behavior, and can be used in community, forensic and clinical settings. Methods Participants from a community sample (n = 957; 424 male) and incarcerated individuals (n = 115, all male) completed the IPAS. Results Internal consistency and reliability indicated that the scale has good psychometric properties in both samples. Data from a principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated similarities to previous structures reported in the literature. Conclusions The scale demonstrated to be sensitive to the bimodal classification of aggression in community and forensic samples, indicating its utility in the characterization of aggressive patterns.
Atuação interdisciplinar em grupos de qualidade de vida para pacientes com Lesões por esforços repetitivos/Distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho - LER/DORT
Authors: Paula Elaine Antonia de , Amaral Rosa Maria Monteiro Ferreira do
Published: February 2019

Resumo Introdução: o atendimento isolado de pacientes com lesões por esforços repetitivos/distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (LER/DORT) por profissionais de diferentes áreas é insuficiente para contemplar todos os aspectos sociais e de saúde afetados por esses agravos. Objetivo: relatar o trabalho conjunto interdisciplinar entre Fisioterapia e Psicologia, desenvolvido por meio de grupos de qualidade de vida (GQV) para pacientes com LER/DORT atendidos no Centro de Referência de Saúde do Trabalhador de Guarulhos-SP. Métodos: foram analisados os relatórios dos GQV desenvolvidos de 2009 a 2014 e as gravações das reuniões dos dois grupos mais recentes. Discussão: as identidades pessoais e profissionais dos pacientes afetados pelas LER/DORT estavam abaladas com o adoecimento, a invisibilidade da doença, os longos períodos de tratamento e de afastamento do trabalho e com a exclusão social decorrente desse quadro. O GQV propiciou um espaço de reflexão e socialização para os trabalhadores adoecidos, auxiliando-os no resgate da sua identidade e cidadania. A atuação conjunta interdisciplinar da Fisioterapia e da Psicologia nos grupos se mostrou fundamental para enfrentar a complexidade e a multifatorialidade desses agravos, ampliando a visão e a experiência dos profissionais e instrumentalizando-os para um olhar mais integrado e humanizado voltado ao trabalhador adoecido.
Política de avaliação do desempenho docente nas redes estaduais de ensino do Brasil
Authors: Zatti Antonio Marcos , Minhoto Maria Angélica Pedra
Published: February 2019

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma análise dos dispositivos legais que instituem a Avaliação do Desempenho Docente (ADD) nas redes públicas estaduais de educação básica no Brasil, obtidos em uma pesquisa de mestrado, e a relação dessa iniciativa com a remuneração dos professores. Para tanto, procedeu-se um levantamento da legislação, em vigor no ano de 2015, tanto nos sítios oficiais das secretarias de educação, como por meio do envio de correspondência a esses órgãos. Constatou-se a existência dessa iniciativa em 24 estados brasileiros, porém apenas em 14 a política estava efetivamente em vigor em 2015. Os efeitos da ADD na remuneração docente foram então classificados em progressão na carreira e bonificação. Já os critérios para avaliar o desempenho docente foram ordenados e analisados segundo sua frequência nos diferentes Estados. As bases teóricas que orientaram as análises foram alguns dos estudos desenvolvidos por Herbert Marcuse, acerca da lógica de desenvolvimento da sociedade industrial moderna e suas contradições, e as análises desenvolvidas por Robert Castel, a respeito das transformações mais recentes nas relações de trabalho e a sua precarização na sociedade contemporânea. O texto apresenta os contextos nacional e internacional nos quais foram sedimentadas as recomendações para a adoção da ADD, analisa a legislação e finaliza expondo limites e contradições da avaliação do desempenho docente para a valorização do magistério e o reconhecimento social dessa atividade, ao estimular o individualismo, a adaptação, a responsabilização, o controle sobre o comportamento e o raciocínio tecnológico entre esses profissionais.
A PARADIGM OF CREATIVE ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL CHALLENGES
Authors: Mazurenko V. , Kopiika D.
Published: February 2019

The article examines the evolution of the paradigm of a creative economy in the context of contemporary global challenges. The distinction between interpretations in different countries and the change of paradigm in time are singled out. Since the emergence and formation of the paradigm of the creative economy, a short period of time has elapsed. However, there have been significant changes in the structure of the economies of the world due to the dictation, informatization and implementation of the fourth industrial revolution, which led to a change in the paradigm of the creative economy. The development of this paradigm is influenced by the processes caused by global challenges. Among the contemporary global challenges to the creative economy, societal challenges are the most influenced: forced migration, terrorist attacks, etc., which relate to human capital and the labor market. Because forced migration causes an increase in the cultural and educational differentiation of the population, which leads to fluctuations in the labor market, blurring and distortion of creative clusters and creative environment. The necessity of purposeful influence of the state on the formation and development of a creative economy is determined.
Alcance del derecho al olvido en el tratamiento de datos personales en Colombia
Authors: Galvis Cano Lucero , Salazar Bautista Rafael Leonardo
Published: February 2019

Colombia es uno de los países latinoamericanos que establece dentro de su ordenamiento jurídico, el tratamiento de datos personales como un derecho de naturaleza constitucional que faculta a todas las personas al conocimiento, actualización y rectificación de la información del individuo que se recaude sobre él en cualquier base de datos. (Ley 1581, 2012, Art. 1) Su reconocimiento constitucional radica en ser un derecho autónomo, cuya correlación garan-tista desarrolla “ el derecho a la intimidad personal y familiar, el derecho al buen nombre y el derecho a la información ”. (Constitución, 1991, artículos 15 y 20) En este ámbito de protección de la privacidad de la información personal surge la necesidad de acoplar el sistema social y el ecosistema digital frente a la diversidad de dilemas jurídicos relacio-nados con la vulneración de los Derechos Fundamentales. El presente artículo, hace una aproximación del tratamiento del derecho al olvido en el contexto de la protección de datos personales que ha dado el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano; tanto en su conceptualización: el derecho que tiene todo individuo “a suprimir, modificar, cancelar o borrar sus datos personales ” que se encuentren en bases de datos de empresas, otras personas, organizaciones, y entes estatales entre otros; dada su inexactitud, de falta de veracidad, e incongruencia que afecta su imagen entre otros múltiples derechos que se vulneran a diario con ocasión de la información personal de millones de seres humanos que circulan alrededor del mundo sin control en diversidad de plataformas tecnológicas. Así como su internacionalización e identificación de los avances normativos propios de un instrumento jurídico que amerita su acoplamiento al ecosistema digital y al principio de la dignidad humana.
Ablación genital en las comunidades indígenas de Chocó, Colombia
Authors: Chavarro Anturi Maritza
Published: February 2019

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad hacer una revisión bibliográfica de diferentes documentos para determinar los derechos se les han vulnerado a las mujeres Emberá Chamí de las comunidades indígenas del Choco, Colombia, con la ablación genital femenina y así mismo indicar si estos derechos están por encima de la protección de la diversidad étnica. Esta técnica consiste en la extirpación total o parcial de los órganos externos de la mujer. La ablación es un rito ancestral considerado normal en las comunidades indígenas. Se practica la mutilación genital por las siguientes razones: La primera se realiza para evitar el crecimiento de clítoris dado que se considera que si no se corta puede llegar a desarrollarse como un órgano copulador masculino y la segunda evita la infidelidad y la promiscuidad. Si no se realiza la ablación a la niña o a la mujer va a ser rechazada por la comunidad. Sin embargo, estas tradiciones atentan contra la figura de la mujer dentro de una sociedad patriarcal en el que la mujer carece de todo tipo de derechos ya que, la mutilación genital femenina ha sido reconocida a nivel internacional como una práctica inhumana y nociva que vulnera los Derechos Humanos de las niñas y de las mujeres.
La mercadotecnia y su eficiencia estratégica en la toma de decisiones
Authors: López Pizaña Luis Roberto , Vargas Hernández José G.
Published: February 2019

El principal objetivo de esta investigación reside en denotar la importancia en el manejo de la información de mercadotecnia para el establecimiento de estrategias que permitan una eficiente toma de decisiones en ambientes laborales de empresas del sector industrial. Lo anterior se logrará usando el método de análisis documental, cualitativo y análisis de datos de estadística descriptiva. Mediante la integración de las teorías, se obtendrá un modelo de toma de decisiones basado en sistemas de información orientados al éxito en la resolución de la planeación estratégica.
Modelos presupuestales de costeo aplicados en la producción de una hectárea de piña oro miel (MD2)
Authors: Mina Viveros Masby Haisury , Hincapié Mejía Juan Pablo
Published: February 2019

El objetivo de este documento se centra en diseñar un modelo de presupuestos para la óptima producción de una hectárea de piña oro miel (MD-2) en la vereda Alegrías (Santander de Quilichao, Cauca), utilizando el costeo total o absorbente. Se consideran dos alternativas de producción: la primera, realizando control de malezas con herbicidas y la segunda, de manera manual; cada alternativa conjuga siete diferentes posibilidades para la determinación de los costos de producción. En lo metodológico, la investigación es de tipo descriptiva; testimonial; documental; inductiva; realiza un estudio de caso y su enfoque es mixto. Debido a las condiciones del terreno y a las prácticas realizadas por los agricultores en los procesos de pre-siembra, siembra, mantenimiento-sostenimiento y cosecha, el trabajo concluye que la alternativa metodológica de costeo y presupuestos para la producción eficiente de una hectárea de piña oro miel es la labranza mínima realizando control de malezas con herbicidas.
Influence of Season, Variety and Phosphorus Fertilization on Herbage Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Bauchi State Nigeria
Authors: Shuaibu Yunusa Muhammad , Kawure Sani , Bala Rashida Abdulmumini
Published: February 2019

An experiment was conducted at teaching and research farm of the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, during the dry and rainy seasons of 2016 to evaluate the influence of variety and phosphorus fertilization on herbage yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The treatment consisted of two groundnut varieties (Samnut 24 and Samnut 25) and two levels of phosphorus fertilizer (25kg and 50kg/ha and a control) factorially combined to give six treatment combinations. These treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Data was collected on number of branches, 100 pod weight, Harvest index, biomass yield and stover yield. All data collected were subjected Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and DMRT was adopted in separating the means. The result of the experiment revealed a significant (P = 0.05) difference in both seasons on all the parameters observed. The results further revealed that, application of 25 and 50 kgP/ha gave statistically (P = 0.05) similarly result but all the treatments were better than the control. Variety on the other hand, samnut 25 gave significantly (P = 0.05) higher herbage yield than samnut 24. Based on the result of this findings, application of 25 kg P/ha to Samnut 25 should be adopted by farmers for groundnut herbage production in the study area.
Influence of Plantain and Sprouted Soybean Pastes on the Nutrient and Proximate Composition of Two Species of Cocoyam Puddings as a Complementary Food
Authors: Okwunodulu Innocent N. , Uluocha Daniel M. , Okwunodulu Felicia U.
Published: February 2019

The authors evaluated the nutrients and proximate composition of the puddings prepared from ede-ocha (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and ede-cocoindia (Colocasia esculenta) pastes. Each paste was separately blended with firm ripe plantain, sprouted soybean pastes in the ratio of 100% cocoyam, 90% cocoyam:10% soybean, 25% cocoyam:65% plantain:10%soybean, and 45% cocoyam: 45% plantain 10% soybean and mixed with equal quantities of seasonings. The formulated blends were wrapped in plantain leaves and boiled for 30 minutes. Samples from ede-ocha were marked 101 to 104 and ede-cocoindia from 105 to 108. Values obained showed that pudding from ede-ocha had a higher moisture content (56.25%), protein (4.47%), fat (1.84%), ash (2.57%), crude fiber (2.46%), iron (0.58mg), and calcium (5.12mg) than ede-cocoondia. which had 5.52%, 4.29%, 1.49%, 2.45%, 2.11%, 0.36% and 5.01% respectively. Also, ede-cocoindia had higher carbohydrate {39.28%}, vitamin A precursor {62.90μg}, vitamin C (33.05mg) and zinc (0.35mg) than ede-ocha which had 35.46%, 60.80 μg, 20.50 mg, and 0.32mg respectively. The ede-ocha therefore made a better nutritious pudding than ede-cocoindia.
Nutritional Benefit of Soybean and Its Advancement in Research
Authors: Saha Anupam , Mandal Suprodip
Published: February 2019

Like different beans the soya bean i.e,Glycinemaxdevelops in units encasing palatable seeds and they are normally green yet can be yellow, dark colored or dark and the surface is adaptable to the point that soyabeans are regularly handled into an assortment of sustenance’s. Soya beans – otherwise called edamame beans when eaten straight from the unit which are expended as an option in contrast to meat and they are the premise of soya-milk, tofu, miso, tempeh and soya protein. The key advantages of soya are its high protein content, vitamins, minerals and insoluble fiber and this essential survey is away to give an information and to bring it into worry for instructive reason and may help in further research. Soybean is viewed as equivalent to creature nourishments in protein quality yet it is believed that plant proteins are prepared diversely to creature proteins. The aim of this work is an endeavor to outline up into a chart of various gainful perspectives and the progression of soybean and compounding subjective into a diagram.
Profile of tuberculous pneumothorax and comparison with pulmonary tuberculosis without pneumothorax
Authors: Yellapu Gayatri D. , Vipparthi Surya K. , Vangara Rohini K.
Published: February 2019

Background: Tuberculosis is the most common cause of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) in India. The prevalence of SSP in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is between 1- 3%. There were only few studies in the literature that specifically analyze tuberculous PNTX. In a study from this hospital, author found PTB was the most common cause of SSP. Now, author aimed at studying the clinical profile of tuberculosis associated PNTX cases and compared with pulmonary tuberculosis cases without PNTX.Methods: This was a single centre prospective observational case control study done at a tertiary care hospital. Fifty patients of tuberculous pneumothorax as cases, and 100 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis without pneumothorax were taken as control. The demographic data, clinical presentation, and radiologic presentation, outcomes after treatment were recorded in both the groups. The data was analyzed using statistical software (SPSS) using appropriate statistical tools.Results: The mean age of patients in the PNTX group was 38.18±14.132, where as in the control group it was 45.29±14.89 (p-value of 0.0052). Past history of tuberculosis was present in 27 (54%) cases of PNTX group and in 41 (41%) cases in the control group (p-value of 0.091). The mean duration of length of hospital stay in PNTX group was 16.5±11.865 days and in non-pneumothorax group was 6.2±2.54 days (p-value was 0.0001).Conclusions: Tuberculous pneumothorax was more common between 30-40 yrs age group. Gender and smoking have no association with PNTX. Tuberculous pneumothorax was more common in previously treated cases of TB. Patients with tuberculous PNTX have prolonged hospital stay and complications resulting in increased morbidity, financial burden and mortality.
A prospective study on drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in a tertiary care teaching hospital of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Pankaj Chaudhary K. , Satendra Singh P. , Dhananjay Pandey , Kumud Ranjan , Rajmangal Chaudhary , Bhanu Pratap
Published: February 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with common denominator of hyperglycemia, arising from a variety of pathogenic mechanisms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in diabetic patients and observe adverse drug events (ADEs) associated with anti-diabetic therapy in a prospective way.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in diabetic patients visiting the Departments of General Medicine in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Demographic data, drug utilization pattern and ADEs due to Anti-diabetic drugs were summarized.Results: In the present study, 153 (54%) of the 282 diabetic patients were males and 129 (46%) were females. Majority of patients were in the age group of 51-60 years (31.20%) and most of the patients (31.56%) had a diabetic history of 11-15 years. Metformin was the most commonly prescribed drug (64.89%). Majority of the patients (36.87%) were on multidrug therapy. Co-morbid condition was found in 232 patients (82.26%) where hypertension (22.69%) being the most common co-morbid condition. 32 ADRs were observed with Nausea being the most common ADR reported.Conclusions: The present study helps to find out current prescribing pattern of oral diabetic medications with different co-morbidities with respect to diagnosis, cost of treatment and it also highlight the need for comprehensive management of diabetic patients, including life style changes, dietary control, hypoglycemic agents, cardiovascular prevention, treatment of complications and co-morbidity. Therefore, through the existing prescribing patterns, attempts can be made to improve the quality and efficiency of drug therapy.
Music: an effective anxiolytic during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia
Authors: Bansal Gopal L. , Kaur Harpreet , Shukla Veena , Harsh Harsh Kumar , Gupta Anshul
Published: February 2019

Background: Parturient undergoing repeat caesarean section (CS) under spinal anaesthesia usually experience anxiety due to unpleasant operative environment. Music therapy has been found to have positive psychological impact to relieve anxiety, improve patient satisfaction and provide stable haemodyanamics.Methods: Sixty patients without any co morbidity having history of previous CS, scheduled for another caesarean under spinal anaesthesia were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group(M) patients were subjected to hearing music of their choice with the help of headphones after administration of spinal anaesthesia till the end of surgery. Group(N) patients were not made to listen to any music but headphones were applied. Haemodyanamic parameters including mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), visual analogue score for anxiety (VASA) after administering spinal block and at the end of surgery, patient satisfaction score (PSS) and comparison of anxiety with previous CS were observed and recorded.Results: Both MAP and HR in Group M started falling after 10 minutes of spinal anaesthesia as compared to Group N and difference was significant (P <0.005), VASA 2 (2.2±1.8) in Group M was significantly lower than VASA 1 (5.4±1.7). PSS was also in favour of music group (Group M) and difference was highly significant as compared to group N (p=0.018). Patient’s anxiety as compared to anxiety with previous CS was lesser in Group M as compared to Group N(p=0.009).Conclusions: Music is a non-invasive tool to relieve anxiety during intraoperative period along with higher patient satisfaction and stable haemodyanamics.
An observational study to analyze predisposing factors, causality, severity and preventability of adverse drug reactions among multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients treated under RNTCP program in Northern India
Authors: Lakhani Preet , Singh Divya , Barua Shireen , Jain Suchi , Kant Surya , Verma Ajay , Sachan Amod K. , Nath Rajendra , Dixit Rakesh K.
Published: February 2019

Background: There were 4.1% of all new cases and 19% of previously treated patients were diagnosed with either multidrug resistant or rifampicin resistant tuberculosis in 2016. In the state of Uttar Pradesh, there were 2.16 new cases and 44,531 previously treated cases. The objectives of the study were to assess the predisposing factors, causality assessment, severity grading and avoidability of the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of the antitubercular drugs in MDR-TB patients in a tertiary care hospital of northern India.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted for 12 months at a tertiary care hospital. The patients with MDR tuberculosis on treatment with DOTS Plus regimen under RNTCP and who met the inclusion exclusion criteria were recruited after informed consent. ADRs were monitored daily till the patients remained admitted and thereafter monthly. Predisposing factors were recorded. Causality assessment was performed by Naranjo scale and WHO UMC scale, severity by Hartwig’s scale and avoidability by Halla’s scale.Results: There were 115 patients were recruited, 70 developed at least one ADR. 98 ADRs were reported. The commonest ADR reported were – gastrointestinal (38.76%), neurological (21.24%) and hepatobiliary (8.16%). Diabetes and HIV predisposed to development of ADRs. 58.18% ADRs were classified as possible and 37.5% as probable by Naranjo’s scale. 51.02% ADRs were classified as probable and 42.83% as possible by WHO-UMC. 56% were classified as mild, 36% moderate, and 6% severe via Hartwig’s scale. 51 ADRs were classified as avoidable and 40 ADRs were possibly avoidable.Conclusions: Monitoring and assessment of ADRs is necessary to promote awareness, curb resistance and maintain adherence.
Association of different socio-economic factors with hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in India: a demographic analysis of NFHS-4
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Kaushik , Mukherjee Sonali , Barkandaj Bikramjit , Chatterjee Chandan
Published: February 2019

Background: National Family Health Survey (NHFS) is a periodically conducted survey, which delivers data on health and healthcare of a representative sample of households of India. Studies that have evaluated hypertension awareness, treatment and control and its association with patient level socioeconomic factors are limited in India. The objectives of this study were to determine association of demographic variables like age, sex, habitat, wealth, religion and educational status with prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among rural and urban subjects in different states and union territories of india from NFHS-4 data.Methods: Data of 803211 subjects were taken from NFHS survey in 36 states and union territories of india, in 2015-2016. Prevalence of hypertension and its awareness, treatment, and control status and their association with age, sex, habitat, wealth, religion and educational status were determined. Logistic regression was carried out to evaluate the impact of different predictor variables.Results: Data of 803211 subjects were taken from NFHS survey voluntarily given by them for our project, of which 565705 (70.43%) came from rural population. 103525 of them were male which comprised of 12.89% and rest 87.11% were female volunteers in 36 states and union territories of india. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control level in India was 17.69%, 20.44%, 34.37% and 13.64% respectively. In general, these parameters were much better in urban population and in female.  Although variations were observed between different study sites, they were low with poor education and wealth index.Conclusions: Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control were mostly low among the male, rural, poor and less educated individuals with large state wise variations.
Relationship of thyroid function with body fat, waist circumference, sub-cutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in eu-thyroid female subjects
Authors: Mukherjee Sanhita , Deoghuria Debasis , Mukhopadhyay Diptakanti
Published: February 2019

Background: The relationship between thyroid function, body weight and central obesity in euthyroid individuals has been given a great medical concern. Central abdominal adiposity can be divided into adipose tissue present in subcutaneous areas (SCAT) and visceral areas (VAT). The type of adiposity may be implicated in the associations of thyroid function parameters with obesity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate thyroid function and its possible relationship with BMI, body fat percent, waist circumference, SCAT and VAT in eu-thyroid female subjects.Methods: Randomly selected eu-thyroid female subjects were included in this study. Their BMI was estimated by metric method, body fat percent was measured by Harpenden skin fold caliper. Ultrasound (US) was used to assess regional adiposity. Serum TSH was measured from fasting serum sample by Enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbant (ELISA) Assay. Data was analysed by SPSS (version 18).Results: A positive linear association was found between serum TSH level and BMI, body fat percent, waist circumference and VAT. (r=0.342, p <0.002, r=0.628, p <0.00, r=0.289, p <0.009, r=0.375, p <0.000). No significant association was found with SCAT and TSH. There is gradual increase in serum TSH values among three BMI groups i.e. normal weight (BMI <23 kg/m2), over-weight (BMI 23.00-24.99 kg/m2), and obese (BMI >25 kg/m2) females. Body fat percentage, BMI and VAT were found to be significant independent predictors of TSH.Conclusions: Selective reduction of visceral fat may induce greater beneficial effects on the parameters of thyroid hormones than subcutaneous fat reduction.
Evaluation of the analgesic activity of the water soluble extract of stem of Tinospora cordifolia in experimentally induced pain in albino rats
Authors: . Sumanlata , Suman Akanksha , Sharma Rajeev Kumar , Jindal Meenakshi , Khan Adnan
Published: February 2019

Background: Pain and pyrexia are the warning signals, primarily protective in nature, that cause discomfort and suffering and may even be unbearable and incapacitating. The modern drugs (like opioids, NSAIDs, corticosteroids) currently used for the management of pain, fever and inflammatory conditions, present with many known adverse effects. Tinospora cordifolia known as Giloe, widely used in folk medicine due to its property to cure a number of diseases. Hence the present study was undertaken to explore the analgesic activity of water-soluble extract of stem of T. cordifolia in albino rats in experimentally induced pain.Methods: Present study was done in the department of pharmacology, albino rats were used to study the analgesic activity of T. cordifolia aqueous extract at the dose of 1.25g/kg,2.5g/kg and 5g/kg p.o. Various methods like Eddy’s hot plate, tail flick test and acetic acid induced writhing were used for the anti- nociceptive study.Results: In Eddy’s hot plate and tail flick test an increase in reaction time was observed with peak effect at 90min. Results were similar to the standard drug Tramadol in acetic acid induced writhing increase in time of onset, decrease in number and duration of writhing was observed.Conclusions: Aqueous extract of T. cordifolia was effective in all the three models of pain suggesting its possible action by central and peripheral mechanisms. Activity of T. cordifolia can be attributed to various phytoconstituents viz. protoberberine alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides and polysaccharides. It can be developed as potent analgesic agent in future.