bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do people in authoritarian countries have lower standards when evaluating their governments? An anchoring vignettes approach
Authors: Zhou Yingnan Joseph
Published: January 2023

Why do people in authoritarian countries think more positively of their governments than people in democratic countries? Existing research suggests three explanations: (1) people in authoritarian countries lie; (2) people in authoritarian countries are indoctrinated; and (3) authoritarian governments have better performance than their democratic counterparts. In this study, I explore a fourth explanation – people in authoritarian countries apply lower standards. To test it, I apply the anchoring vignettes method developed by Gary King and others to original data from China, Vietnam, Russia, Mexico, and the United States, and from the cities of Beijing and Taipei. Adding a case study of Taiwan’s economic trajectory as a robustness check, I conclude that people in authoritarian countries tend to use lower standards when reporting political trust and government responsiveness, but the lower standards are likely to be caused by fast economic growth rather than authoritarianism.
Demystifying neuroblastoma malignancy through fractal dimension, entropy, and lacunarity
Authors: Donato Irene , Velpula Kiran K , Tsung Andrew J , Tuszynski Jack A , Sergi Consolato M
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Neuroblastoma is a pediatric solid tumor with a prognosis associated with histology and age of the patient, which are the parameters of the well-established current classification (Shimada classification). Despite the development of new treatment options, the prognosis of high-risk neuroblastoma patients is still poor. Therefore, there is a continuous need to stratify the children suffering from this tumor. A mathematical and computational approach is proposed to enable automatic and precise cancer diagnosis on the histological slide.

Methods:

We targeted the complexity of neuroblastoma by calculating its image entropy ( S), fractal dimension (FD), and lacunarity (λ) in a combined mathematical code. First, we tested the proposed method for patient-derived glioma images. It allowed distinguishing between normal brain tissue, grade II, and grade III glioma, which harbor different outcomes.

Results:

In neuroblastoma, our analysis of image’s FD, S, and λ combined with a machine learning algorithm automatically predicted tumor malignancy with a receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82. FD, S, and λ distinguish between neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma, but they only partially differentiate between the normal samples and the other classes. Ganglioneuroma, the most differentiated form, and poorly-differentiated neuroblastoma display different values of FD, S, and λ.

Conclusions:

FD, S, and λ of imaging recognize groups in neuroblastic tumors. We suggest that future studies including these features may challenge the current Shimada classification of neuroblastoma with categories of favorable and unfavorable histology. It is expected that this methodology could trigger multicenter studies and potentially find practical use in the clinical setting of children’s hospitals worldwide.
When Neo-Gramscians Engage the Postcolonial: Insights into Subaltern Consent and Dissent in the Re/Unmaking of Hegemonic Orders
Authors: Obamamoye Babatunde F
Published: January 2023

The neo-Gramscian scholarship locates the agency of common sense in the reproduction of the hegemonic world order but under-theorises the underpinnings for dissimilar subaltern responses to common sense. This article draws on insights from Gramsci and anti-colonial thinkers to unpack three analytical categories for investigating subaltern consent and dissent in hegemonic orders. These analytical categories offer a tripartite framework which maintains the central theoretical argument that the key underlying rationale why some subaltern social groups consent to the hegemonic order while others dissent from the same order could be found in the subaltern past experience, (non)commitment to alternative ideologies and level of socio-political consciousness. Essentially, the article contributes to the theoretical discussion of the re/unmaking of hegemony and demonstrates how neo-Gramscian analysts could further reconnect with Gramsci and engage the postcolonial literature to enhance our understanding of the continuity and disruption of hegemonic orders in the world periphery.
Quantitative MRI Biomarkers to Predict Risk of Reinjury Within 2 Years After Bridge-Enhanced ACL Restoration
Authors: Barnes Dominique A. , Badger Gary J. , Yen Yi-Meng , Micheli Lyle J. , Kramer Dennis E. , Fadale Paul D. , Hulstyn Michael J. , Owens Brett D. ,   The BEAR Trial Team, Flannery Sean W. , Ecklund Kirsten , Sanborn Ryan M. , Costa Meggin Q. , Chrostek Cynthia , Proffen Benedikt L. , Sant Nicholas , Murray Martha M. , Fleming Braden C. , Kiapour Ata M.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) methods were developed to establish the integrity of healing anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs) and grafts. Whether qMRI variables predict risk of reinjury is unknown.

Purpose:

To determine if qMRI measures at 6 to 9 months after bridge-enhanced ACL restoration (BEAR) can predict the risk of revision surgery within 2 years of the index procedure.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Originally, 124 patients underwent ACL restoration as part of the BEAR I, BEAR II, and BEAR III prospective trials and had consented to undergo an MRI of the surgical knee 6 to 9 months after surgery. Only 1 participant was lost to follow-up, and 4 did not undergo MRI, leaving a total of 119 patients for this study. qMRI techniques were used to determine the mean cross-sectional area; normalized signal intensity; and a qMRI-based predicted failure load, which was calculated using a prespecified equation based on cross-sectional area and normalized signal intensity. Patient-reported outcomes (International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score), clinical measures (hamstring strength, quadriceps strength, and side-to-side knee laxity), and functional outcomes (single-leg hop) were also measured at 6 to 9 months after surgery. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) for revision surgery based on the qMRI and non-imaging variables. Patient age and medial posterior tibial slope values were included as covariates.

Results:

In total, 119 patients (97%), with a median age of 17.6 years, underwent MRI between 6 and 9 months postoperatively. Sixteen of 119 patients (13%) required revision ACL surgery. In univariate analyses, higher International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score at 6 to 9 months postoperatively (OR = 1.66 per 10-point increase; P = .035) and lower qMRI-based predicted failure load (OR = 0.66 per 100-N increase; P = .014) were associated with increased risk of revision surgery. In the multivariable model, when adjusted for age and posterior tibial slope, the qMRI-based predicted failure load was the only significant predictor of revision surgery (OR = 0.71 per 100 N; P = .044).

Conclusion:

Quantitative MRI-based predicted failure load of the healing ACL was a significant predictor of the risk of revision within 2 years after BEAR surgery. The current findings highlight the potential utility of early qMRI in the postoperative management of patients undergoing the BEAR procedure.
Evaluation of the Potential of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cell–Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles to Improve Rotator Cuff Healing: A Pilot Ovine Study
Authors: Jenner Florien , Wagner Andrea , Gerner Iris , Ludewig Eberhard , Trujanovic Robert , Rohde Eva , von Rechenberg Brigitte , Gimona Mario , Traweger Andreas
Published: January 2023

Background:

Despite significant advancements in surgical techniques to repair rotator cuff (RC) injuries, failure rates remain high and novel approaches to adequately overcome the natural biological limits of tendon and enthesis regeneration of the RC are required. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from the secretome of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to modulate inflammation and reduce fibrotic adhesions, and therefore their local application could improve outcomes after RC repair.

Purpose:

In this pilot study, we evaluated the efficacy of clinical-grade human umbilical cord (hUC) MSC-derived sEVs (hUC-MSC-sEVs) loaded onto a type 1 collagen scaffold in an ovine model of acute infraspinatus tendon injury to improve RC healing.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

sEVs were enriched from hUC-MSC culture media and were characterized by surface marker profiling. The immunomodulatory capacity was evaluated in vitro by T-cell proliferation assays, and particle count was determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Twelve skeletally mature sheep were subjected to partial infraspinatus tenotomy and enthesis debridement. The defects of 6 animals were treated with 2 × 1010 hUC-MSC-sEVs loaded onto a type 1 collagen sponge, whereas 6 animals received only a collagen sponge, serving as controls. Six weeks postoperatively, the healing of the infraspinatus tendon and the enthesis was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hard tissue histology.

Results:

CD3/CD28-stimulated T-cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by hUC-MSC-sEVs ( P = .015) that displayed the typical surface marker profile, including the presence of the MSC marker proteins CD44 and melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. The local application of hUC-MSC-sEVs did not result in any marked systemic adverse events. Histologically, significantly improved Watkins scores ( P = .031) indicated improved tendon and tendon-to-bone insertion repair after sEV treatment and lower postcontrast signal of the tendon and adjacent structures on MRI suggested less residual inflammation at the defect area. Furthermore, the formation of osteophytes at the injury site was significantly attenuated ( P = .037).

Conclusion:

A local, single-dose application of hUC-MSC-sEVs promoted tendon and enthesis healing in an ovine model of acute RC injury.

Clinical Relevance:

Surgical repair of RC tears generally results in a clinical benefit for the patient; however, considerable rerupture rates have been reported. sEVs have potential as a cell-free biotherapeutic to improve healing outcomes after RC injury.
Status of open access scholarly journal publishing in Pakistan
Authors: Raza Muhammad Zahid , Rafiq Muhammad , Saroya Saira Hanif
Published: January 2023

Open access (OA) scholarly journal publishing is a recently emerged phenomenon of scholarly publishing in Pakistan. This study has been designed to find out the current status of open access (OA) scholarly journal publishing in Pakistan. A quantitative research method was used to evaluate the contents of the websites of 329 Pakistani journals on a checklist of 12 items. OA publishing paradigm has emerged in Pakistan as a majority (90%) of Pakistani scholarly journals are following the OA publishing paradigm. More than two-thirds (69%) of journals are following the Diamond OA model, followed by Gold OA (26%) and Crowdfunding OA (3%). The majority (97%) of journals belongs to the Y (the lowest) category of journals and the majority (97%) of journals do not have an impact factor. Indexing in Scopus and Web of Science is 24 (16%) and 20 (13%), respectively. Average article processing charges (APCs) per article in Sciences and Social Sciences journals of Pakistan are 46 $ and 90 $, respectively. In terms of ranking, Pakistani journals are in the stage of infancy. The present study is the first comprehensive exploration to explore the current status of OA scholarly journal publishing in Pakistan. This study may help to come up with recommendations to strengthen the credibility of OA journals in Pakistan. This study may be generalized to developing countries that have similar circumstances to Pakistan.
Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Digoxin Loading Doses Based on Ideal Body Weight
Authors: Clark Jessi L. , Jacobs Joshua A. , Watanabe Alexandre H. , Catino Anna B. , Dechand John A.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Intravenous digoxin loading dose recommendations differ between clinical guidelines and Food and Drug Administration packaging for acute rate control.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of intravenous digoxin loading in patients who received ≤12 µg/kg and >12 µg/kg of digoxin using ideal body weight (IBW).

Methods:

This single center retrospective cohort study with exempt status from the local Institutional Review Board included patients who received intravenous digoxin and had a serum digoxin concentration (SDC) drawn. Digoxin doses >36 hours after the first dose were excluded. Patients who received a total of >12 µg/kg and ≤12 µg/kg IBW were compared. The primary endpoint was frequency of SDCs ≥1.2 ng/mL, which have been shown to be associated with increased mortality.

Results:

A total of 244 patients were included (144 receiving >12 µg/kg and 100 receiving ≤12 µg/kg). There were significantly more SDC ≥1.2 ng/mL in the >12 µg/kg group than the ≤12 µg/kg group (50.6% vs. 30.0%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.79-5.84), with no difference in rate control failure. Major limitations of the study include retrospective nature and possible selection bias.

Conclusion and Relevance:

Compared to patients who received digoxin doses ≤12 µg/kg IBW, patients who received >12 µg/kg IBW had higher rates of SDC ≥1.2 ng/mL. This suggests that appropriate weight-based dosing with 8 to 12 µg/kg IBW has the potential to be a safer approach to digoxin loading, rather than frequently used dosing strategies that result in doses >12 µg/kg.
Psychometric Properties of the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview–Short Form Among U.S. Active Duty Military Service Members and Veterans
Authors: Stanley Ian H. , Marx Brian P. , Fina Brooke A. , Young-McCaughan Stacey , Tyler Hannah C. , Sloan Denise M. , Blankenship Abby E. , Dondanville Katherine A. , Walker James L. , Boffa Joseph W. , Bryan Craig J. , Brown Lily A. , Straud Casey L. , Mintz Jim , Abdallah Chadi G. , Back Sudie E. , Blount Tabatha H. , DeBeer Bryann B. , Flanagan Julianne , Foa Edna B. , Fox Peter T. , Fredman Steffany J. , Krystal John , McDevitt-Murphy Meghan E. , McGeary Donald D. , Pruiksma Kristi E. , Resick Patricia A. , Roache John D. , Shiroma Paulo , Taylor Daniel J. , Wachen Jennifer Schuster , Kaplan Alexander M. , López-Roca Argelio L. , Nicholson Karin L. , Schobitz Richard P. , Schrader Christian C. , Sharrieff Allah-Fard M. , Yarvis Jeffrey S. , Litz Brett T. , Keane Terence M. , Peterson Alan L.
Published: January 2023

We assessed the interrater reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Short Form (SITBI-SF) in a sample of 1,944 active duty service members and veterans seeking services for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related conditions. The SITBI-SF demonstrated high interrater reliability and good convergent and discriminant validity. The measurement properties of the SITBI-SF were comparable across service members and veterans. Approximately 8% of participants who denied a history of suicidal ideation on the SITBI-SF reported suicidal ideation on a separate self-report questionnaire (i.e., discordant responders). Discordant responders reported significantly higher levels of PTSD symptoms than those who denied suicidal ideation on both response formats. Findings suggest that the SITBI-SF is a reliable and valid interview-based measure of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors for use with military service members and veterans. Suicide risk assessment might be optimized if the SITBI-SF interview is combined with a self-report measure of related constructs.
Using SBIRT (Screen, Brief Intervention, and Referral Treatment) Training to Reduce the Stigmatization of Substance Use Disorders Among Students and Practitioners
Authors: Gomez Efren , Gyger Matthew , Borene Stephanie , Klein-Cox Amanda , Denby Ramona , Hunt Sara , Sida Oscar
Published: January 2023

Negative attitudes and stigmatization of substance-using patients lead to treatment avoidance and poor physical and health outcomes. Research suggests that training in substance use disorders is a vital tool to abate negative attitudes among health workers. The present longitudinal study trained students and experienced practitioners from various disciplines on the evidence-based Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) model. The study found significant improvements in the attitudes of students—but not practitioners—who were trained during the program. The paper discusses policy and implementation implications to support and complement sustained impact of training on models such as SBIRT.
Impact of a Single Dose of a Probiotic Nutritional Supplement (AB001) on Absorption of Ethylalcohol: Results From a Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Study
Authors: Pfützner Andreas , Pfützner Anke , Hanna Mina , Demircik Filiz , Sachsenheimer Daniela , Wittig Tobias , de Faire Johan
Published: January 2023

Background:

We conducted a prospective placebo-controlled double-blind randomized Study to assess the impact of a single dose of a nutritional Supplement (AB001) on alcohol absorption in healthy subjects. Other objectives were the impact on breath alcohol content, cognitive function 1 hour after alcohol uptake and tolerability.

Method:

A total of 24 healthy volunteers were enrolled into the study (12 male, 12 female, age: 28.3 ± 10.8 years, BMI: 23.5 ± 5.7 kg/m²). On the experimental day, they ingested a light breakfast together with a single dose (2 capsules) of AB001 (or placebo) and drank 2 moderate glasses of spirit (a total of 0.6 g/kg body weight). Breath alcohol tests and blood draws for determination of blood alcohol levels were performed for up to 6 hours. After crossover, the experiment was repeated in the following week. Areas under the curves were calculated to determine alcohol absorption rates.

Results:

There was a significant reduction of blood alcohol by 10.1% ( P < .001) with AB001, when compared to placebo. There was a less pronounced but also significant reduction of alcohol in the breath test by 7.2% ( P < .05). No difference in the cognitive function test between AB001 and placebo could be observed 60 minutes after alcohol ingestion (22.6 ± 8.0 seconds vs 23.0 ± 11.2 seconds, n.s.). The supplement uptake was well tolerated and there were no adverse events related to the study intervention.

Conclusion:

Uptake of a single dose of AB001 shortly before drinking alcohol significantly reduced plasma alcohol and breath alcohol concentrations, but the effect was less pronounced compared to chronic uptake as shown previously.
A Cortisol-Secreting Adrenal Adenoma Combined With a Micro-Pheochromocytoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sakai Kimiko , Asano Mai , Hamaguchi Masahide , Taniguchi Hidefumi , Ukimura Osamu , Fukui Michiaki
Published: January 2023

Cushing’s syndrome and pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are associated with endocrine hypertension. Cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas are a major cause of Cushing’s syndrome. Simultaneous occurrence of cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas and PCCs is rare. Additionally, a PCC generally produces catecholamines in proportion to its size; therefore, micro-PCCs are rarely found in clinical practice. It is unknown whether micro-PCCs produce excess catecholamines during the pre-biochemical phase. Herein, we report the case of a 53-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital for further evaluation of left adrenal incidentaloma. She had been suffering from hypertension for 7 years. Endocrine tests indicated autonomous cortisol secretion, and she was diagnosed with cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma. A laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was performed. The final pathological examination revealed an adrenocortical adenoma measuring 26 × 24 mm. In addition, a micro-PCC measuring 3 × 2 mm was incidentally found near the cortisol-secreting adrenal adenoma in the ipsilateral adrenal gland. All catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase, aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase, dopamine β-hydroxylase, and phenyl ethanolamine N-methyltransferase, were detected in this micro-PCC by immunohistochemical analyses. Although catecholamine levels were not biochemically elevated, the PCC expressed catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes. This is the first immunohistochemical report to show that a micro-PCC produces excess catecholamines in the pre-biochemical phase.
Verbalization of Rating Scales Taking Account of Their Polarity
Authors: Menold Natalja
Published: January 2023

While numerical bipolar rating scales may evoke positivity bias, little is known about the corresponding bias in verbal bipolar rating scales. The choice of verbalization of the middle category may lead to response bias, particularly if it is not in line with the scale polarity. Unipolar and bipolar seven-category rating scales in which the verbalizations of the middle categories matched or did not match the implemented polarity were investigated in randomized experiments using a non-probabilistic online access panel in Germany. Bipolar rating scales exhibited higher positivity bias and acquiescence than unipolar rating scales. Reliability, validity, and equidistance tended to be violated if the verbalizations of the middle category did not match scale polarity. The results provide a rationale for rating scale verbalization.
Social Participation and Navigation: Formative Evaluation of a Remote Intervention for Autistic Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Lamash Liron , Gal Eynat , Bedell Gary
Published: January 2023

Remote interventions can uniquely benefit and significantly increase the motivation/engagement of autistic adolescents and young adults (AYA) in intervention processes. The evidence-based, technology-based Social Participation and Navigation (SPAN), originally a remote intervention for AYA with traumatic brain injuries, shows great promise for autistic AYA. This formative evaluation aimed to inform SPAN adaptations for autistic AYA. Fifteen researcher and clinician stakeholders provided feedback and modification recommendations via a semistructured interview. Stakeholders described potential participants who might benefit, intervention goals, intervention delivery procedures, and additional program-content and technology suggestions, including original components to preserve or adjust. Findings provided a basis for developing a new SPAN-ASD website and intervention manual. The next steps include assessing website usability and feasibility and a pilot implementation study of SPAN-ASD with autistic AYA.
Generating program theories for a trauma consultancy service in early learning settings: Insights on using realist methodology
Authors: Blewitt Claire , Bajayo Rachael , Cameron Lee , Sun Yihan , Morris Heather , Skouteris Helen
Published: January 2023

Realist research is increasingly used to evaluate complex interventions. However, it can be challenging to codify and implement, with few examples to guide the process. This article describes how a team of social care leaders, practitioners and researchers developed initial program theories for the Trauma Consultancy Service (TraCS) in early learning settings, as the first phase of a realist evaluation. It explores conceptualisation of realist terminology, design and facilitation of realist interviews, and data coding and analysis using retroductive reasoning. Qualitative interviews with the TraCS team focused on understanding contextual factors, resources provided by TraCS consultants, changes in educators’ reasoning and how components interacted to generate educator and child outcomes. Eight program theories capture how TraCS supports educators to develop a trauma-informed lens and practice. This research contributes to understanding of the benefits of welfare sector-driven consultancy in early childhood.
A Systematic Review of Isokinetic Muscle Strength in a Healthy Population With Special Reference to Age and Gender
Authors: Schindler Ingara Fernanda S.R. , Pontes Sarah S. , Bertoni Mariana B.M. , Junior Grimaldo F. , Júnior Balbino R.N. , de Jesus Fábio L.A. , Neto Mansueto G.
Published: January 2023

Context:

Despite increasing use of reference values in isokinetic measurements and increasing importance, there is no systematic review of the reference values for lower and upper limb isokinetic muscle strength.

Objective:

A systematic review to analyze studies on the reference values and protocols for the measurement for upper and lower limb isokinetic muscle strength in an untrained and noninjured healthy population.

Data Sources:

MEDLINE, Scopus, Scielo, and CINAHL (from the earliest date available to June 2020).

Study Selection:

Studies that measured a set of reference values for isokinetic muscle strength.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Data Extraction:

Two reviewers selected studies independently. Data related to participants characteristics, outcomes of interest, isokinetic parameters, reference values for isokinetic muscle strength, and quality of evidence assessment were systematically reviewed independently by 2 authors.

Results:

A total of 31 studies met the study criteria. The included studies were used to synthesize the isokinetic muscle strength data according to age-group and sex. We extracted 1845 normative data related to isokinetic strength. Of these, 1181 items referred to lower limbs and 664 items to upper limbs.

Conclusion:

In general, agonist muscle groups are stronger than antagonist muscles, and the men tend to obtain higher strength values than women. The angular velocity varied from 10 to 300 deg/s. The reference values identified can be useful for professionals to obtain during the isokinetic evaluation of the diagnostic parameters of muscle deficiency.
About Sex, Open-Mindedness, and Cinnamon Buns: Exploring Sexual Social Media
Authors: Paasonen Susanna , Sundén Jenny , Tiidenberg Katrin , Vihlman Maria
Published: January 2023

General purpose social media platforms—often incited by American legislation—increasingly exclude sex from acceptable forms of sociality in the abstract name of user safety. This article analyzes interview data (four developer interviews and 56 user interviews) from three North European sexual platforms (Darkside, Alastonsuomi, and Libertine.Center) to explore what follows from including sexual sites in definitions and analyses of social media and, by extension, in including sex in definitions of “the social” itself. We found that instead of context collapse, the users and developers of the studied sites operate with what we call context promiscuity, blending boundaries, but maintaining their structural integrity. This allows for a particular silosociality to emerge based on experiences of safety, risk, and consent. Building on this, we propose thinking of sexual expression as something not contained by, but put in motion across platforms, user cultures, content policies, and sexual norms. Rather than framing sexual social media exchanges in terms of their perceived risks and harms, we would do well to also inquire after the risks and harms involved in ousting sex from networked forms of sociality. Deplatforming of sex truncates our ways of understanding what interests, forces, and attachments drive our sociality. Yet, when analyzing social media as if the socio-sexual matters, platforms designed to support sexual displays and connections become vital nodal points in social media ecologies.
The relationship between maternal death due to COVID-19 and the human development index in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Budi , Laksana Muhammad Ardian Cahya , Tjokroprawiro Brahmana Askandar , Dewi Erni Rosita , Izza Alifina , Prasetyo Muhammad Rizkinanda , Prastika Ardelia Bertha , Sukarjiyah Waritsah
Published: January 2023

Background:

Maternal mortality rates and human development indexes can reflect a country’s quality of health services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these two achievement indicators are predicted to experience significant changes, and both have an interrelated relationship.

Objectives:

To find the relationship between maternal death due to COVID-19 and the Human Development Index (HDI) in East Java, Indonesia.

Design and methods:

A cross-sectional analytic study was carried out by processing secondary data from the provincial department of health regarding maternal mortality due to COVID-19 in East Java in 2020 and the HDI data from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency. After that, the data were analyzed statistically using SPSS Statistics.

Results:

The number of maternal deaths due to East Java’s COVID-19 during 2020 was 793 out of 1280. Furthermore, the HDI reached 2744.6, the first dimension contains life expectancy reaching 2725.3, and the number of health workers 100,021. In the second dimension, the literacy rate reaches 3482.9, and the average length of schooling is 134,341. Moreover, the last dimension contains a total population density of 40,878,789, and a poverty rate of 4572.7. Statistical analysis results show a positive relationship between maternal mortality due to COVID-19 and HDI, with a p-value of 0.008.

Conclusion:

There is a significant relationship between maternal mortality due to COVID-19 and HDI. However, the link between maternal mortality and COVID-19 related to the detailed dimensions contained in the HDI is not statistically related.
Dissimilarities in Access to Sanitation Facilities by Caste and Region in India and States
Authors: Sivanandan Vini
Published: January 2023

In India, most people have been finding it challenging to maintain their quality of life, such as standard housing, access to basic minimum drinking water facilities, sanitation, public hygiene, etc. This study attempts to study the availability of housing and household amenities among social groups and identify the inter-rural−urban differences in basic sanitation facilities. Data from the Census of India, 2011, H-Series household amenities and assets, was used to measure the dissimilarity between inter-rural−urban differences by social groups. The present study aimed to explore the differentials across the region and social groups by the availability of different basic sanitation facilities. Analysis shows striking dissimilarities in rural areas of states such as Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand, Tripura and the union territory of Daman and Diu. Moreover, the intensity of dissimilarities is prominently observed between caste Others and ST in rural areas. However, in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, the dissimilarity in the availability of bathrooms without a roof is observed uniformly across regions and among social groups. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that although dissimilarity may not be visible at an aggregate level, it is very much visible at the sub-aggregate level across regions and between castes. Hence, it is proposed to conduct and collect data based on a holistic approach incorporating people’s behaviour, attitudes, cultural norms and biases while providing sanitation facilities and those who are availing them. Such research studies will provide a deeper insight into the root causes of such dissimilarities, which may be due to geographical location, the non-availability of water, cultural practices, biases, etc., or the intersection of all these factors. Identifying hotspots at the micro level will help accelerate the success of government schemes such as the Swachh Bharat Mission.
Multimorbidity in bronchiectasis: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Marsland Imogen , Sobala Ruth , De Soyza Anthony , Witham Miles
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Multimorbidity, the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions, has been extensively studied in certain disease states. Bronchiectasis aetiology is complex and multimorbidity is insufficiently understood. We performed a scoping review, summarising the existing literature and identifying deficits.

Method

A literature search of the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Observational, interventional, qualitative, randomised control trials and systematic reviews were included. The main objective was to identify prevalence, prognosis, symptoms, quality of life and management in bronchiectasis multimorbidity. Key findings were analysed descriptively.

Results

40 studies (200 567 patients) met the inclusion criteria, the majority (68%) being cohort studies. Study size ranged from 25 to 57 576 patients, with mean age 30–69 years. 70% of studies investigated the prognosis of comorbidities and 68% prevalence; 70% analysed multiple comorbidities in bronchiectasis. The most frequent comorbid diseases evaluated were COPD (58%), cardiovascular disease (53%) and asthma (40%). COPD and hypertension were the most prevalent conditions (pooled mean 35% and 34% respectively). Multimorbidity was associated with increased mortality, exacerbations and hospitalisation rates. It had a negative impact on lung function. Mortality increased in the following comorbidities: COPD, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusion

Bronchiectasis multimorbidity is common. Research focuses on a few key aspects and favoured comorbidities (e.g.COPD). There is a deficit of research into symptoms, quality of life, interactions and management. High-resolution computed tomography diagnosis is not consistent, and there is no agreed multimorbidity screening questionnaire. Bronchiectasis multimorbidity is of importance; it is associated with morbidity and mortality.
Surface Integrity of Inconel 738LC Parts Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting Followed by High-speed Milling
Authors: Ren Guanhui , Guo Sai , Zhang Bi
Published: January 2023

This study is concerned with the surface integrity of Inconel 738LC parts manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) followed by high-speed milling (HSM). In the investigation process of surface integrity, the study employs ultra-depth three-dimensional microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffractometry, and energy dispersive spectroscopy to characterize the evolution of material microstructure, work hardening, residual stress coupling, and anisotropic effect of the building direction on surface integrity of the samples. The results show that SLM/HSM hybrid manufacturing can be an effective method to obtain better surface quality with a  thinner machining metamorphic layer. High-speed machining is adopted to reduce cutting force and suppress machining heat, which is an effective way to produce better surface mechanical properties during the SLM/HSM hybrid manufacturing process. In general, high-speed milling of the SLM-built Inconel 738LC samples offers better surface integrity, compared to simplex additive manufacturing or casting.
Genomic diversity, pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry in the southern United States
Authors: Feng Aijing , Akter Sadia , Leigh Spencer A. , Wang Hui , Pharr G. Todd , Evans Jeff , Branton Scott L. , Landinez Martha Pulido , Pace Lanny , Wan Xiu-Feng
Published: January 2023

Escherichia coli (E. coli) are typically present as commensal bacteria in the gastro-intestinal tract of most animals including poultry species, but some avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strains can cause localized and even systematic infections in domestic poultry. Emergence and re-emergence of antimicrobial resistant isolates (AMR) constrain antibiotics usage in poultry production, and development of an effective vaccination program remains one of the primary options in E. coli disease prevention and control for domestic poultry. Thus, understanding genetic and pathogenic diversity of the enzootic E. coli isolates, particularly APEC, in poultry farms is the key to designing an optimal vaccine candidate and to developing an effective vaccination program. This study explored the genomic and pathogenic diversity among E. coli isolates in southern United States poultry. A total of nine isolates were recovered from sick broilers from Mississippi, and one from Georgia, with epidemiological variations among clinical signs, type of housing, and bird age. The genomes of these isolates were sequenced by using both Illumina short-reads and Oxford Nanopore long-reads, and our comparative analyses suggested data from both platforms were highly consistent. The 16 s rRNA based phylogenetic analyses showed that the 10 bacteria strains are genetically closer to each other than those in the public database. However, whole genome analyses showed that these 10 isolates encoded a diverse set of reported virulence and AMR genes, belonging to at least nine O:H serotypes, and are genetically clustered with at least five different groups of E. coli isolates reported by other states in the United States. Despite the small sample size, this study suggested that there was a large extent of genomic and serological diversity among E. coli isolates in southern United States poultry. A large-scale comprehensive study is needed to understand the overall genomic diversity and the associated virulence, and such a study will be important to develop a broadly protective E. coli vaccine.
Pregnancy in the time of COVID-19: towards Fetal monitoring 4.0
Authors: Kahankova Radana , Barnova Katerina , Jaros Rene , Pavlicek Jan , Snasel Vaclav , Martinek Radek
Published: January 2023

On the outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic, high-risk and vulnerable groups in the population were at particular risk of severe disease progression. Pregnant women were one of these groups. The infectious disease endangered not only the physical health of pregnant women, but also their mental well-being. Improving the mental health of pregnant women and reducing their risk of an infectious disease could be achieved by using remote home monitoring solutions. These would allow the health of the mother and fetus to be monitored from the comfort of their home, a reduction in the number of physical visits to the doctor and thereby eliminate the need for the mother to venture into high-risk public places. The most commonly used technique in clinical practice, cardiotocography, suffers from low specificity and requires skilled personnel for the examination. For that and due to the intermittent and active nature of its measurements, it is inappropriate for continuous home monitoring. The pandemic has demonstrated that the future lies in accurate remote monitoring and it is therefore vital to search for an option for fetal monitoring based on state-of-the-art technology that would provide a safe, accurate, and reliable information regarding fetal and maternal health state. In this paper, we thus provide a technical and critical review of the latest literature and on this topic to provide the readers the insights to the applications and future directions in fetal monitoring. We extensively discuss the remaining challenges and obstacles in future research and in developing the fetal monitoring in the new era of Fetal monitoring 4.0, based on the pillars of Healthcare 4.0.
Comparison of CT derived body composition at the thoracic T4 and T12 with lumbar L3 vertebral levels and their utility in patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Arayne Aisha A , Gartrell Richard , Qiao Jing , Baird Paul N , Yeung Justin MC
Published: January 2023

Background

Computed tomography (CT) derived body composition measurements of sarcopenia are an emerging form of prognostication in many disease processes. Although the L3 vertebral level is commonly used to measure skeletal muscle mass, other studies have suggested the utilisation of other segments. This study was performed to assess the variation and reproducibility of skeletal muscle mass at vertebral levels T4, T12 and L3 in pre-operative rectal cancer patients. If thoracic measurements were equivalent to those at L3, it will allow for body composition comparisons in a larger range of cancers where lumbar CT images are not routinely measured.

Research methods

Patients with stage I – III rectal cancer, undergoing curative resection from 2010 – 2014, were assessed. CT based quantification of skeletal muscle was used to determine skeletal muscle cross sectional area (CSA) and skeletal muscle index (SMI). Systematic differences between the measurements at L3 with T4 and T12 vertebral levels were evaluated by percentile rank differences to assess distribution of differences and ordinary least product regression (OLP) to detect and distinguish fixed and proportional bias.

Results

Eighty eligible adult patients were included. Distribution of differences between T12 SMI and L3 SMI were more marked than differences between T4 SMI and L3 SMI. There was no fix or proportional bias with T4 SMI, but proportional bias was detected with T12 SMI measurements. T4 CSA duplicate measurements had higher test–retest reliability: coefficient of repeatability was 34.10 cm2for T4 CSAvs76.00 cm2for T12 CSA. Annotation time (minutes) with L3 as reference, the median difference was 0.85 for T4 measurements and -0.03 for T12 measurements. Thirty-seven patients (46%) had evidence of sarcopenia at the L3 vertebral level, with males exhibiting higher rates of sarcopenia. However, there was no association between sarcopenia and post-operative complications, recurrence or hospital LOS (length of stay) in patients undergoing curative resection.

Conclusions

Quantifying skeletal muscle mass at the T4 vertebral level is comparable to measures achieved at L3 in patients with rectal cancer, notwithstanding annotation time for T4 measurements are longer.
Characteristics of hypertension in the last 16 years in high prevalence region of China and the attribute ratios for cardiovascular mortality
Authors: Zheng Wenlong , Wang Xiaohe , Xue Xiaodan , Li Wei , Fan Lili , Zhang Shuang , Li Changkun , Wang Zhuo , Xie Meiqiu , Xin Peng , Jiang Guohong
Published: January 2023

Background

Tianjin is one of the cities with the highest prevalence of hypertension in China and one of the first regions to develop community management of hypertension. Our aim was to analyze the characteristics of hypertension in the last 16 years, and estimate the population attributable fraction for cardiovascular mortality in Tianjin, China.

Methods

We compared the epidemiological characteristics of hypertension between 2002 and 2018 by analyzing data from the National Nutrition and Chronic Disease Risk Factor Survey. Subsequently, we obtained the cause-specific mortality in the same year from the Tianjin All Cause of Death Registration System (CDRS), and the population attributable fraction was used to estimate the annual cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths caused by hypertension.

Results

In 2002 and 2018, the crude prevalence, awareness, treatment rate in diagnosed, control rate in treated, and overall control rate of hypertension were 36.6% and 39.8%, 36.0% and 51.9%, 76.0% and 90.1%, 17.4% and 38.3%, 4.8% and 17.9%, respectively (P < 0.05). The mean SBP for males between the ages of 25 and 50 was significantly higher in 2018 than in 2002. The number of CVD deaths attributed to hypertension was 13.8 thousand in 2002 (account for 59.1% of total CVD deaths), and increased to 21.7 thousand in 2018 (account for 58.8% of total CVD deaths). The population attributable fraction have increased in the age groups of 25–44 and 75 and above, and decreased in the age group of 45–74 from 2002 to 2018.

Conclusions

Compare to 2002, the proportion of CVD deaths attributed to hypertension remains high, particularly among younger and older people, despite a very significant increase in treatment and control rates for hypertension in 2018.
Are the different cut-off points for sitting time associated with excess weight in adults? A population based study in Latin America
Authors: de Victo Eduardo Rossato , Kovalskys Irina , Fisberg Mauro , Gómez Georgina , Rigotti Attilio , Cortés Lilia Yadira , García Martha Yépez , Pareja Rossina G. , Herrera-Cuenca Marianella , Solé Dirceu , Drenowatz Clemens , Marques Adilson , Ferrari Gerson
Published: January 2023

Background

Excess weight is increasing worldwide, and in Latin America more than half of the population is excess weight. One of the reasons for this increase has been excessive sitting time. Still, it remains to be seen whether there is an excessive amount of that time in Latin American adults. This study aimed to associate different sitting time cut-off points with the excess weight.

Methods

Data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a cross-sectional population-based survey conducted in eight Latin American countries, were used. The excess weight indicators used were body mass index, and waist and neck circumferences. Sitting time was obtained using questionnaires and categorized at different cut-off points. Differences between sitting time categories (< 4 or ≥ 4; < 6 or ≥ 6; and < 8 or ≥ 8 hours/day) and excess weight were obtained by Student’s t test for independent samples and the association between sitting time categories and different indicators of excess weight were obtained by logistic regression.

Results

The median of the sitting time was 420 min/day (IQR: 240–600). There were no significant differences between body mass index (kg/m2) and waist circumference (cm) with categories of sitting time. The mean values of neck circumference (cm) were significantly higher in ≥4, ≥6 and ≥ 8 hours/day than < 4, < 6, and < 8 hours/day of sitting time in the pooled sample. Some distinct differences by country were observed. There were significant differences among excess weight by body mass index (63.2% versus 60.8) with < 8 vs ≥8 hours/day of sitting time. The proportion of excess weight by neck circumference was higher in participants who reported ≥4, ≥6, and ≥ 8 hours/day compared to < 4, < 6, and < 8 hours/day of sitting time. Considering ≥8 hours/day of sitting time, higher odds of excess weight were found evaluated by body mass index (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.20) and neck circumference (OR: 1.13; CI 95%: 1.03, 1.24) overall.

Conclusions

Sitting time above 8 hours/day was associated with higher odds of excess weight, even though there were no differences in waist circumference between sitting time categories.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials NCT02226627. (27/08/2014).