bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Новации в налогообложении выплат дистанционным работникам
Authors: Крайнова И.М. , Артыкова С.Н.
Published: February 2024

В статье рассматривается особенности налогообложения у работодателя выплат в пользу дистанционных работников, в связи с компенсациями им за использование в работе личного имущества. Развитие трудовых отношений с дистанционными работниками обуславливает совершенствование налогового и трудового законодательства. В 2023 году изменился порядок признания таких компенсаций для целей налогообложения прибыли, налога на доходы физических лиц, страховыми взносами Авторы статьи обращают внимание на новые нормы НК РФ, которые уже частично действуют с 1 сентября 2023 года, и которые вступят в силу с 1 января 2024 года. Также в статье обращено внимание на некоторые важные аспекты трудовых отношений работодателей и дистанционных сотрудников, в том числе, по которым имеются нарушения требований законодательства РФ.
Спорные аспекты налогового учета расходов застройщика многоквартирного дома
Authors: Крайнова И.М. , Сурикова Е.А.
Published: February 2024

Застройщик многоквартирного дома, в соответствии с законодательством обязан вести налоговый учет и уплачивать в бюджет государства причитающиеся налоги. Однако, в настоящее время вопросы связанные с налогообложением прибыли организации-застройщика, как и признание операций в бухгалтерском учете проработаны недостаточно. Статья посвящена раскрытию наиболее безопасных действий, обобщению имеющегося опыта налогоплательщиков-застройщиков многоквартирных домов, рассмотрению порядка установления соответствующих норм в учетной политике. Приведенные аргументы помогут застройщикам избежать претензий со стороны налоговых органов, при необходимости - отстоять свою позицию в суде.
Оценка вероятности банкротства на примере ОАО «Ёлочка»
Authors: Кузьмин А.В.
Published: February 2024

В статье рассмотрен вопрос оценки вероятности банкротства Самарского предприятия ОАО «Ёлочка». Анализ проведен с использованием трех моделей, на основании которых сделаны основные выводы.
Будущее страхования: инновационные подходы и вызовы в современной индустрии
Authors: Кушелев И.Ю.
Published: February 2024

Статья анализирует ключевые аспекты инновационной деятельности в страховом бизнесе, охватывая историческое развитие, современные технологические тренды и будущие перспективы. Особое внимание уделяется влиянию искусственного интеллекта, блокчейна и больших данных на страховую индустрию. Рассматриваются успешные кейс-стади из разных стран, а также анализируются основные проблемы и вызовы, с которыми сталкивается отрасль при внедрении инноваций. Статья предоставляет ценные инсайты о том, как технологические новшества трансформируют страховой бизнес и какие стратегии могут быть эффективны в преодолении существующих барьеров.
Регулирование инновационной деятельности в системе экономического анализа
Authors: Лебедев К.А.
Published: February 2024

Показано регулирование инновационной деятельности в системе экономического анализа. Установлено, что применение показателей сравнительной эффективности капиталовложений или окупаемости дополнительных капиталовложений в рыночных условиях теряет смысл. Доказано, что не имеет смысла учитывать в расчетах стоимость действующего оборудования, ибо эти невозвратные расходы не имеют какого-либо отношения к экономике в современных условиях.
Неравномерность экономического развития стран
Authors: Маначкин Е.Н. , Дахно В.А. , Коробкова Ю.Ю.
Published: February 2024

В нашей общественной сфере наблюдается неравномерное экономическое развитие государств, что имеет огромное значение и оказывает влияние на все аспекты жизни. Экономика играет ключевую роль в определении пути развития страны, влияет на уровень жизни граждан, создает рабочие места и определяет уровень занятости. Чем выше уровень благосостояния в государстве, тем более образованным и адекватным становится общество. Это, в свою очередь, способствует прогрессу в политической и духовной сферах, помогает избежать серьезных конфликтов и потенциальных переворотов. Однако, стоит отметить, что неравномерное экономическое развитие может привести к негативным последствиям. Международные организации, такие как Всемирный банк и Международный валютный фонд, предоставляют финансовую поддержку и содействуют развитию стран с низким уровнем экономики. В целом, неравномерное экономическое развитие государств имеет глубокое влияние на все сферы общественной жизни. Оно определяет уровень благосостояния граждан, формирует политическую и духовную сферы, а также влияет на международные отношения.
Тенденции инвестиционной деятельности в России по отраслям производства в 2005–2022 гг.
Authors: Махова А.В. , Верченко Е.Е.
Published: February 2024

В данной статье будут рассмотрены показатели доли инвестиций, направленных на реконструкцию и модернизацию, в общем объеме инвестиций в основной капитал по субъектам Российской Федерации и по видам экономической деятельности в Российской Федерации, в том числе производство пищевых продуктов питания и напитков, производство текстиля, отрасль растениеводства и животноводства, охоты и предоставления соответствующих услуг в этих областях, сфера строительства и образования.
Цифровая трансформация
Authors: Обласов А.А.
Published: February 2024

Данная статья посвящена исследованию процесса цифровой трансформации и изучению мирового опыта еѐ реализации. Проведена работа по систематизации терминов в этой области. Приведены примеры практической реализации цифровых бизнес-моделей. Рассмотрена концепция цифровой трансформации в условиях глобальной цифровизации, а так же концепции киберфизических систем и индустриализации 4.0.
Использование инструментов маркетинга в деятельности кролиководческой и вермиводческой фермы К(Ф)Х «Надежда»
Authors: Осипова Д.А. , Краснов Н.Е.
Published: February 2024

В настоящее время, в условиях обострившейся конкуренции между предприятиями в условиях рыночной экономики в России встал вопрос об использовании маркетинговой концепции для оценки маркетингового потенциала компании, в формировании и продвижении необходимого имиджа.
Влияние прямых налогов на финансово-хозяйственную деятельность предприятия
Authors: Рахимов А.Р.
Published: February 2024

В современных условиях экономического развития прямые налоги играют важную роль в финансово-хозяйственной деятельности предприятий. Влияние этих налогов на компании может быть как положительным, так и отрицательным, в зависимости от специфики бизнеса и особенностей налогообложения. В данной статье будет рассмотрено влияние прямых налогов на финансово-хозяйственную деятельность предприятий.
Сравнительный анализ налоговых систем России и Германии
Authors: Сафронова Я.Д.
Published: February 2024

Роль государственного регулирования в формировании экономической структуры современного общества является ключевой и осуществляется посредством реализации экономической и налоговой политики. Важнейшим инструментом государства в области экономического и социального регулирования является финансовый механизм, включающий в себя налоговую систему. С помощью налогов государство формирует централизованные и децентрализованные фонды денежных средств, необходимых для выполнения государственных функций и воздействия на экономику. Налоги и государственный бюджет являются ключевыми инструментами мобилизации и распределения ресурсов, позволяющими государству стимулировать развитие приоритетных отраслей и оказывать социальную поддержку нуждающимся слоям населения.
Современные аспекты исследования состояния и роста производительности труда в сельском хозяйстве Алтайского края
Authors: Селиверстов М.В. , Миненко А.В.
Published: February 2024

Статья посвящена исследованию производительности труда в Алтайском крае, обозначена актуальность проведения исследований, обусловленная важностью данного сектора экономики в обеспечении продовольственной безопасности, улучшении условий труда работников сельскохозяйственных предприятий, а также внедрении новых технологий и методов труда в отрасли. Сказано о существующих методиках определения производительности труда. Произведено сравнение производительности труда в сельском хозяйстве со средними значениями по экономике. Отмечена разница в производительности труда между крупными агрохолдингами и фермерскими хозяйствами. Приведена статистика по производительности труда сельхозтоваропроизводителей региона. Сказано о реализации национального проекта «Производительность труда» в регионе. Отмечено положительное влияние цифровизации отрасли на производительность труда.
Роль налогов и налогообложения в экономике Российской Федерации
Authors: Синекопова И.В.
Published: February 2024

В современной экономической системе налоги играют важную роль в формировании государственного бюджета и обеспечении социально-экономического развития страны. От того, какие налоги взимаются, какие ставки устанавливаются, и какая часть доходов направляется на различные цели, зависит достижение финансовых целей государства. В данной статье мы рассмотрим роль налогов и налогообложения в экономике Российской Федерации, а также проанализируем основные проблемы и перспективы развития этой сферы.
Экономическое развитие российских производственных кормов для домашних животных
Authors: Усманов Д.Р. , Филина О.В.
Published: February 2024

Рынок промышленных кормов для домашних животных с каждым годом в России набирает обороты в общих продажах. На наших полках мы можем встретить готовое питание как импортного, так и отечественного производства. Но в последние года возникли трудности с поставками зарубежных кормов и для нашего потребителя необходима альтернатива. Ей отлично выступает готовое питание российского производства.
Анализ показателей рентабельности АО «Казанькомпрессормаш»
Authors: Фецюх Я.А. , Баглаева Э.А.
Published: February 2024

В данной статье рассматривается и анализируется финансовое состояние АО «Казанькомпрессормаш» на основе расчета показателя рентабельности.
Специальные режимы налогообложения для субъектов малого бизнеса
Authors: Хасанова С.С. , Орсаханов Д.У. , Сайдулгериева М.А.
Published: February 2024

Малый бизнес имеет незначительное влияние на финансирование бюджета государства и территорий, однако данный сектор остается одним из перспективных направлений хозяйствования как одно из составляющих развития экономики страны. Для поддержания субъектов малого бизнеса государством разработаны специальные налоговые режимы, создающие более комфортные условия функционирования малых предприятий.
Проблемы финансирования бюджетных образовательных организаций
Authors: Хмелева Е.В.
Published: February 2024

Статья представляет взгляд практика на основные проблемы финансирования бюджетных образовательных учреждений, а также меры позволяющие эффективно их решить
Инфляционные ожидания в РФ
Authors: Яковлев Р.О.
Published: February 2024

На формирование потребительское поведение влияет множество факторов, включая ожидания в отношении дальнейшего роста цен. Статья посвящена рассмотрению причин возникновения инфляционных ожиданий, а также мер по их снижению.
Подходы к экономической оценке интеллектуальной собственности
Authors: Яндарбаева Л.А. , Костоева А.А.
Published: February 2024

В статье рассмотрены как национальные, так и международные методы экономической оценки объектов интеллектуальной собственности, представляющие комплекс взаимосвязанных норм и правил, определяющих понятия и принципы оценки. Они включают в себя методы и методические рекомендации, основанные на стоимостном оценивании расходов на создание интеллектуальных объектов и доходов от их потребления.
Сущность рынка: функции и рыночная инфраструктура
Authors: Яндарбаева Л.А. , Костоева А.А.
Published: February 2024

Вопрос важности функционирования рынка в рамках глобализации мировой экономики достаточно актуален. В статье определено, что в экономической литературе до сих пор не существует единой точки зрения по поводу сущности рынка, а потому проведено исследование существующих толкований понятия «рынок». Проанализирован рынок как экономическая категория, детализирована структура рынка и предоставлена классификация рынков.
Characteristics and differences of news mass communication between China and Russia
Authors: Wang X.
Published: February 2024

Mass communications in China and Russia have unique characteristics and differences. Both countries have state media, but they differ in terms of censorship, propaganda and the level of government influence. China's media is tightly controlled by the Communist Party, which emphasizes censorship and promotes government ideology. However, Russian news communication may create more independent sectors, although government influence remains. Both countries use the media to shape public opinion and promote national interests, reflecting their different political agendas and historical contexts.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on News Production and Communication in the Smart Media Era
Authors: Wang X.
Published: February 2024

Modernization of the media and the advent of artificial intelligence have led to significant changes in the process of news production. AI plays an important role in improving the efficiency and accuracy of reporting. With the help of machine learning algorithms, AI can independently study and analyze information flows, automatically analyze and select the most relevant information. This allows journalists to save time searching and verifying data, while also providing accurate and timely information. With the development of AI, algorithms for automatic content creation were created. This is useful in cases where events such as fires or earthquakes need to be reported quickly and there is no time to wait for manual documentation. However, AI cannot completely replace humans in creating stories because it lacks love and aesthetic taste. AI algorithms can automatically check facts and structured information to create smarter, more readable content. This will improve the quality of the article and increase readers' confidence in the information. The use of artificial intelligence in journalism is an important part of modern journalism. The more efficient and accurate the reporting, the better the information for readers. It is also necessary to adhere to ethical and legal standards when using AI to avoid manipulation and falsification of information. Thus, artificial intelligence has a significant impact on the production and delivery of information, increasing efficiency and accuracy. However, ethical and legal considerations must be taken into account when using AI in communications.
EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL AGING ON THE CHANGE OF ROUGHNESS OF GLAZED AND POLISHED ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE SURFACE: IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Mordanov Oleg , Khabadze Zurab , Meremkulov Roman , Mordanova Anastasia
Published: February 2024

Aim: to evaluate the characteristics of glazed and polished surface during hydrothermal aging using different types of zirconium dioxide.

Materials and Methods. The same standardized samples from different types of zirconium dioxide with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 1 mm were used for all experiments. These types included Katana (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Japan) HTML (control) UTML, STML, and ZirCAD Prime (Ivoclar Vivadent). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the roughness and to visualize the surface morphology of the samples. The Bruker Innova instrument was used as an atomic force microscope. Image acquisition was carried out in semi-contact mode. The probe sensor was TESP-V2 with a triangular-shaped probe and a tip radius of 7 nm. The scanning area was 50 x 50 μm. Frequency 0.5 Hz. The study of roughness was reduced to the processing of AFM image data. For this purpose, three arbitrary sections were made in the height map channel and the necessary roughness parameters Ra, Rz were calculated using software.

Results. There was an increase in roughness during artificial aging of the control group of glazed surface, Prime group of polished surface, and Prime group of glazed surface. There is a decrease of roughness in the process of artificial aging of the control group of glazed surface, for STML and UTML groups of both glazed and polished surface. In the case of samples of group "polishing" it is possible to observe that roughness is formed by traces of abrasive material. From the results of the study of roughness it can be noted that for the samples of the group "Glaze" roughness is formed mainly by traces of brush or other tools used in the process of glaze application

Conclusion. Artificial aging affects the roughness of the glazed and polished surface of zirconium dioxide with cubic phase predominance depending on the amount of yttrium content.
MAIN AND ADDITIONAL SIGNS AT THE BASIS OF DIAGNOSIS OF DESCVAMATIVE GINGIVITIS IN LICHEN PLANUS OF ORAL MUCOSA
Authors: Griroriev Sergey , Yepishova Anna , Akmalova Guzel' , Chernyshova Nina , Kozmenko Anastasia , Gainetdinov Maksim
Published: February 2024

The most characteristic manifestations of desquamative gingivitis are bright hyperemia, the appearance of blisters of various sizes on the free and attached gum and erosion. This type of lesion can occur in diseases such as lichen planus, pemphigus, systemic lupus erythematosus. Despite the manifesting clinical picture, difficulties arise at the clinical reception in diagnosing both the symptom itself and the underlying disease. All this increases the interest in studying the main and additional clinical signs of specific gum lesions in lichen planus of the oral mucosa. In this paper, the manifestations of the signs of desquamative gingivitis observed by us in various forms of lichen planus are presented in detail, the main and additional signs of specific gingival lesions are highlighted, which make it possible to increase the effectiveness of the primary diagnosis of specific gingival lesions in patients with diseases of the oral mucosa.

Subject of the study. To systematize the main and additional signs of forms of desquamative gingivitis with lichen planus of the oral mucosa.

Purpose of the study. Identify and describe the main and additional clinical signs of forms of desquamative gingivitis in the red lichen planus of the oral mucosa.

Methodology. The analysis of complaints, anamnesis, results of clinical and laboratory examination methods was carried out, photographs of clinical manifestations on the mucous membrane and the red border of the lips of the main and additional signs of a specific lesion of the gum were studied in detail.

Results. The conducted clinical study made it possible to identify and describe in detail the main (bright hyperemia with sharp borders, uneven nature of the lesion, the spread of the process to the gum in the area of missing teeth, etc.) and additional clinical manifestations (papules, blisters, hemorrhages, dryness, epithelial atrophy) of desquamative gingivitis in all forms of red lichen planus of the oral mucosa.

Conclusions. Knowledge of the identified signs will increase the effectiveness of the primary diagnosis of specific gum lesions.
CLINICAL CASE OF BRAIN ABSCESS AND ACUTE ODONTOGENIC SEPSIS IN A PATIENT WITH DENTOPHOBIA
Authors: Korneeva Maria , Orlova Ekaterina , Kurbanmagomedov Islam , Tomilin Vadim , Ivanov Alexandr , Ishanova Daria
Published: February 2024

Background data. A clinical case of brain abscess that occurred as a complication of chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis of the mandible on the background of a severe form of dentophobia.

Subject. Chronic periodontitis is a possible cause of the development of potentially dangerous complications such as mediastinitis, thrombophlebitis, brain abscess, etc. Most often these complications arise due to untimely seeking medical help because of fear of dental intervention, the extreme manifestation of which is dentophobia. It is also known that odontogenic cause of cerebral abscess is foci of infection localised in the region of the maxilla.

Objective: to study and describe a case of brain abscess, which occurred as a complication of chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis of the mandible on the background of a severe form of dentophobia.

Materials and Methods. We analysed the medical records of a patient with odontogenic brain abscess resulting from a complication of chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis of the mandible on the background of severe dentophobia.

Results. A patient with brain abscess developed as a result of exacerbation of chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis of the lower jaw was urgently hospitalised to the maxillofacial surgery department of the Tyumen General Hospital No. 2.

From the anamnesis it is known that during 1.5 years the patient had repeatedly applied to the Tyumen General Hospital No. 2 for chronic apical periodontitis, however, he did not agree to surgical treatment because of fear of dental intervention. Further, despite the deterioration of his condition, he twice refused hospitalisation.

During his stay in hospital, the patient received surgical and intensive medical care. After treatment, he was discharged with residual neurological consequences. Psychocorrection of dentophobia was prescribed.

Conclusions. 1. The cause of brain abscess may be an odontogenic inflammatory process localised in the mandible. 2. Dentophobia leads to untimely medical care and may be the cause of serious complications.
NANOSTRUCTURED POROUS SILICA GLASS AS PROMISING MATERIAL FOR SENSORS (Review)
Authors: Doycho I. K. , Lepikh Ya. I.
Published: February 2024

The work is devoted to the study of additional possibilities of using slotted silicate glasses in sensors. These substances are promising because they are chemically stable, mechanically durable and have a very wide inner surface. But due to the very large energy gap, they can glow only in the far ultraviolet range, and, moreover, the intrinsic electrical resistance of standard-sized samples turns out to be quite large. This hinders the direct use of slotted glass in the development of both luminescent and resistive type sensors. However, due to the peculiarities of their structure, these glasses can be used as a matrix for the formation of ensembles of nanoparticles of suitable substances, which are able to form a conductive phase inside the porous sample, which will significantly reduce its resistance, or glow in the visible part of the spectrum, while changing the parameters of its luminescence when the properties change the environment The properties of slotted silicate glasses are systematized and methods of formation of ensembles of nanoparticles of substances suitable for use as an active element of some transmitters are described.
METHOD OF REDUCING THE LEVEL OF BACK RADIATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES OF APERTURE ANTENNAS
Authors: Lepikh Ya. I. , Karpenko A. O.
Published: February 2024

A method has been proposed and developed that allows you to significantly reduce the level of back radiation of electromagnetic waves of aperture-type antennas of any design. The essence of the method is the excitation of slowed surface waves on the outer side of the edge of the antenna aperture, which are in antiphase with electromagnetic waves of back radiation. Slowed surface waves are formed by an impedance metal comb, which performs the function of a retarding system, placed on the outer side of the opening edge of the antenna. The dependence of the formed characteristics of the electromagnetic field on the design parameters of the impedance comb is shown.
The method was tested on the horn-slot ship antenna of the “Mius” type navigation radar station. The results of modeling and calculation of the directional pattern (DP) of the antenna confirm that the proposed method allows to reduce the level of the rear lobe of the directional pattern of the horn-slit antenna with an impedance comb by approximately 1.4 times.
MORTALITY OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE, MODERN TRANSFORMATIONS, SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL FACTORS
Authors: Parkhomenko O. H. , Nefedova N. E. , Nikolayeva О. І.
Published: February 2024

The demographic situation in Ukraine remains extremely tense, the mortality rate of population is the largest in Europe. The aim of the research is to conduct a spatial – temporal analysis of the population’s mortality trend and identify the socio-economic reasons that set the direction for these trends. Mortality is an extremely informative indicator of public health in particular and level of socio-economic development of the country as a whole. For mortality affects the whole complex of factors: demographic, socio-economic, medical, natural biological, political, environmental, ethnic, etc. Ukraine is characterized by a relatively low life expectancy – 63 years for men and 74 years for women. There is an increase in morbidity in almost all types of diseases and insufficient level of development of medicine and health. In the modern mortality structure 82% of cases of deaths of Ukrainians are due to two reasons: diseases of the circulatory system and neoplasm. More than 53% of the population of Ukraine suffers from diseases of the circulation system, of which 9.3 million are persons of working age. The mortality rate from the disease of the circulatory system at the present stage has significant regional differences. The maximum level is observed in the South-Eastern industrial regions of Ukraine. The fight against premature mortality requires from the state of the target approach, understanding the regional specificity, inter-sectoral cooperation. The relevant national strategies should be developed; a number of necessary, possibly extraordinary, measures are required to overcome the above reasons for a high mortality rate.
OPTIMIZATION PRINCIPLES OF RURAL TOURISM ORGANIZATION
Authors: Terletska O. V. , Kushnir L. P. , Martyniuk U. A. , Perih T. V. , Bahriy M. V.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the theoretical substantiation of the optimization principles of the organization of rural tourism development. The urgency of rural tourism development in Ukraine is noted. It is emphasized that today the development of rural tourism is mainly spontaneous, which requires scientifically sound optimization of such activities. Its organizational structure, functional features and problems and prospects of development are shown. The author's interpretation of the concept of "optimization of rural tourism" as a process of organization of relevant tourism activities, which contributes to the provision of these activities the most efficiently, with appropriate unity of its structural components, minimizing resource costs and maximizing emotional and health effects for tourists. The issues of organizational functions are considered. Concerning rural tourism in particular, its organizational function is represented by such a ratio of internal and external organizational factors that ensure the existence of a relevant individual rural facility focused on the provision of tourist services. The structure of rural tourism organizations is analyzed. It should be understood as a set of organizationally integrated forms of activity that are implemented as sustainable processes and aimed at the connection between all organizational components. The unity of organizational structural components of rural tourism becomes the basis for its overall optimization. It should be noted that all organizational structural components of rural tourism are not only interconnected but also interpenetrating, mutually supportive and generally form a single organizational unit, which is a property of tourism-oriented rural systems, aimed at coordinated development of their structured basis. organizational mechanisms. Specific measures to further improve the development of rural tourism in Ukraine are presented.
OUR MEMORY ON LIFE AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY BY PROFESSOR DIMITROV PETKO STOYANOV
Authors: Shuisky Yu. D. , Yanko V. V. , Andrianova O. R.
Published: February 2024

Professor Dimitrov P. S. was well-known scientist by marine geology, oceanology and marine archaeology from Oceanology institute of BulgAS in Varna, Bulgaria. He did working within the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and other seas, in Pacific ocean, Atlantic ocean as a researcher of marine geologist. He had close scientific connections with Odessa University, geography and geology departments. The aim was sediment throw down to the Black sea. This essay is devoting for memory by Prof. Dimitrov, who was our gentle friend and good colleague.
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC EVENT “IMPACT OF THE DETERIORATION OF THE KAHOVKA RESERVOIR ON THE ECOLOGY AND ECONOMIES OF THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA REGION”
Authors: Buianovskyi A. O. , Krasiekha Ye. N.
Published: February 2024

On July 27, in Odesa, the International Event “Impact of the Deterioration of the Kahovka Reservoir on the Ecology and Economies of the Northern Black Sea Region” took place in a hybrid format, organized by the Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (NAAS). Тhe international scientific event was held on the basis of the Faculty of Geology and Geography of the Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University in a mixed format (face-to-face and remotely in video-conference mode). The event was attended by representatives of the European Commission, the U. S. Embassy’s Attaché, representatives from NAAS Ukraine and other scientific research institutions, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Ukraine, FAO in Ukraine, government officials, leading experts, and scientific researchers. Participants shared their findings regarding the consequences of the reservoir’s deterioration on fishing, agriculture, tourism, transportation, and other sectors of the economy that rely on the resources provided by the reservoir. They also discussed possible solutions and strategies to minimize the negative impacts. The results of the event will lead to proposals for government authorities and regional administrations, discussions on the possibility of engaging donors, and the formation of a platform for leading scientists to discuss various forecasting models.
Asymptotic representation of some classes of solutions third-order differential equation
Authors: Sharai N. V. , Shinkarenko V. M.
Published: February 2024

The conditions for the existence of one class of solutions of a binomial non-autonomous differential equation of the third order with a nonlinearity close in some sense to a linear one are established. Using the a priori properties of the so-called Pω(λ0)-solutions, asymptotic at t↑ω(ω≤+∞) images were obtained for such solutions connections and their derivatives of the first and second order in the case λ0 = 0. The propositions proved for the nonlinear equation are transferred to linear differential equations of the third order with asymptotically small coefficients. This made it possible, to some extent, to supplement the known results regarding the asymptotic properties of solutions of linear differential equations of the third order.
Matrix representation of operations on graphs
Authors: Yakimova N. A. , Klishyn M. E.
Published: February 2024

This article considers the possibility of matrix execution of both unary and binary operations on graphs. Graphs, as an abstract mathematical construction, have a very wide range of practical applications. First of all, it is algorithmization and computer processing of information, electrical engineering, etc. Therefore, it is important to have a mathematical apparatus that allows you to transform the graphical presentation of information about objects into algebraic models for their further research using purely mathematical methods. If necessary, it is always possible to return from such an algebraic model to a graphical representation of the object (for example, to a graphical representation of a circuit diagram in electronics). For each of the considered operations on graphs, either a combination of algebraic operations or an easily programmable matrix processing algorithm is proposed, which can be used to represent any graph. Attention is also paid to the differences in such processing depending on the type of graphs involved in the considered operations. Some operations are more convenient to perform with adjacency matrices, and some - with incidence matrices. This article also considers these features of matrix execution of operations on graphs. All the proposed algorithms are illustrated with specific detailed examples. Thus, it is shown that for all operations on graphically presented objects, their matrix interpretation is possible. This result greatly facilitates the possibility of software implementation of work with such graphic objects.
Two-year agroecological testing of watermelon varieties selected by the Federal Research Center of Rice and Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station in various soil-climatic zones
Authors: Lazko V. E. , Varivoda E. A. , Yakimova O. V. , Kovaleva E. V. , Maslennikova E. S.
Published: February 2024

In different agro-climatic zones of melon growing, an assessment was carried out and two-year results of agro-ecological tests of watermelon varieties of the Kuban and Volgograd selection were obtained. The cultivars of the Federal Research Center of Rice and Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station, which can be grown and are guaranteed to receive high yields of watermelon in the Central zone of the Krasnodar Territory and the Middle Volga region, are distinguished by yield and quality. Growing varieties of the Kuban selection Nitsa and Yubilyar in the steppe zone of insufficient moisture of the Volgograd Trans-Volga region for two years ensured a high yield of watermelon fruits – 16.0-17.4 t/ha, with a content of dry soluble substances in the fruit pulp of more than 10%. When testing varieties of the Volgograd selection in the Central zone of the Krasnodar Territory, varieties of the late-ripening group Ikar and Rubin showed a stable yield. Under different weather conditions of the growing season, the maximum yield of fruits was obtained. The Volzhanin variety was highly rated for quality with a sugar content of more than 12%, but under extreme weather conditions it may be inferior in yield to the varieties of the Kuban selection. A two-year agro-ecological test of watermelon made it possible to evaluate and identify varieties that are recommended to farmers for a particular growing area.
Evaluation of new varieties of multi-tiered onion on economically useful grounds
Authors: Sachyuka (Sachivko) T. V. , Bosak V. N.
Published: February 2024

Relevance. Multi-tiered onion (Allium proliferum Schrad.) refers to valuable perennial spicy-aromatic and medical crops and is widely used in various sectors of the economy: coolies and food industry, traditional and folk medicine.

Methods. The aim of the research was to study the economically useful characteristics of new zoned varieties of multi-tiered onions. The objects of research were the local population and new zoned author's varieties of multi-tiered onions Uzgorak and Pachastunak selected by the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy. The studies were carried out in the field and laboratory according to generally accepted methods.

Results. As a result of the research, the main morphological, morphometric and phenological characteristics, yield and quality of marketable products (green mass) of the local population and new zoned varieties of multi-tiered onions were studied. The multi-tiered onion variety Uzgorak formed a yield of green mass of 180–190 c/ha, Pachastunak – 185–195 c/ha with a dry matter content of 12.4 and 12.9 %, respectively, crude protein – 17.4 and 17.5% upon reaching technological ripeness in 24–27 and 20–25 days. New author's varieties of multi-tiered onions Uzgorak and Pachastunak are included in the State Register of Varieties of Agricultural Plants of the Republic Belarus and are recommended for home gardening.
Productivity of onion depending on the seeding fraction and feeding with water-soluble complex mineral fertilizers
Authors: Ivanova T. E. , Lekomtseva E. V. , Tutova T. N. , Sokolova E. V.
Published: February 2024

The productivity of agricultural crops is determined by the choice of varieties, planting material, the optimal time of sowing and planting depending on the climatic conditions of the region, the use of organic and mineral fertilizers, and care methods. Planting material plays an important role in the growth and development of onions and the formation of yield. Onions are very demanding in terms of nutrition, this is due to the length of the growing season, growth rates and poorly developed root system. To obtain high and high-quality onion yields, it is necessary to use fertilizers in an accessible form. Water-soluble complex mineral fertilizers quickly and evenly penetrate deep into the soil. Fertilizers improve the growth and development of plants, regulating nutrition processes, increase the yield and quality of the resulting products. As a result of many years of research, it was found that optimizing the mineral nutrition of onions through the use of fertilizers in active form provides a significant increase in the yield of onions. A comparative assessment of the productivity of onions when grown from sets of different fractions using water-soluble complex mineral fertilizers in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic has been little studied.

Materials and methods. The purpose of the research: to improve the technology of cultivating onions depending on the fraction of the set and fertilizing with water-soluble complex mineral fertilizers. In 2020–2021 On onions of the Stuttgarter Riesen variety, a two-factor experiment was carried out to study the effect of fertilizing with Aquarin and Rastvorin fertilizers when using different fractions of sets for planting. The studies were carried out using generally accepted methods.

Results and its discussion. In the Udmurt Republic, the optimal for planting Stuttgarten Riesen onions is the medium and large fraction of the set, and the positive effect of water-soluble complex mineral fertilizers Aquarin and Rastvorin on the yield and its structure has been revealed. However, it is more economically profitable to use the fine fraction of sets when growing onions.
Establishing the in vitro culture of and micropropagating edible honeysuckle
Authors: Khoruzheva T. I. , Borovaya S. A. , Boginskaya N. G.
Published: February 2024

Edible honeysuckle is a popular fruit crop. Its therapeutic and health-promoting effects are attributed to a high content of bioactive compounds in the fruits. Unlike the traditional plant multiplication methods, thein vitropropagation allows scientists to obtain high-quality planting material of honeysuckle in a great quantity and within a short time. The research was carried out at the Laboratory of Breeding and Genetic Research on Field Crops of the Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki. Honeysuckle variety Podarok amurchanam created by the Far Eastern State Agrarian University was used as the research object. The research materials were sterilized according to the methodology of N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources with some modifications. Several products were used as chemical agents for sterilization in the following sequence: a 5% solution of surfactants, fungicide Fundazol, EC (1 g/l), the bleaching agent ACE freshly diluted with distilled water in the proportion 1:9 (0.50% of NaOCl in the working solution), and 70% ethanol. The primary explants were cultured on an MS containing 20 g/l sucrose and 6 g/l agar (hereafter – MS) and supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.7-5.8 using 1N КОН. The explants (microcuttings with one-two internodes) were subcultured on an MS supplemented with BA (0.5 mg/l). The morphometric parameters of the plants were measured on the 35th day of cultivation. The sterilization of the explants with Fundazol (1 g/l) and the ACE diluted with distilled water in the proportion 1:9 allowed us to obtain a high number of viable microclones (50%). The elimination of leaves from the honeysuckle microcuttings drastically decreased the survival rate and led to the death of the microclones in most cases (the mortality rate was 98.7 %). Subculturing the microcuttings on the MS supplemented with BA at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l facilitated the normal growth and development of the regenerated honeysuckle plants (the average reproduction rate was 4.65).
Cucumber breeding for spring film greenhouses for resistance to real powdery mildew
Authors: Korottseva I. B. , Belov S. N. , Sletova M. E.
Published: February 2024

Relevance. Powdery mildew is one of the most common and harmful diseases of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in open and protected ground. Moreover, in the closed ground, the harmfulness is higher than in the field. The yield of cucumber, due to the defeat of plants by powdery mildew, decreases by 30-50%, and in some cases by more than 70%. The creation of modern cucumber hybrids is impossible without the constant involvement in the breeding process of new sources of economically useful traits, including resistance to real powdery mildew. It is very important to combine in one line both a high degree of parthenocarpy, and the female type of flowering, and resistance to the most harmful diseases. We tried to solve this problem in our work.

Materials and methods. The experience was laid in 2018-2022 in the Odintsovo district of the Moscow region on the basis of the head institution of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC) in the conditions of a spring ground greenhouse of the Block type, on a natural infectious background. On the basis of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of pumpkin crops, 27 collectible and about 50 breeding samples of parthenocarpic cucumber were studied. The article presents an assessment of the resistance to this powdery mildew of 36 of the most aligned and most valuable cucumber breeding samples in terms of a complex of economically useful features. 2-3 families, 6 plants in each, were evaluated for each sample for 2 years. During the entire growing season, the intensity of powdery mildew damage was assessed on a four-point scale and the spread of the disease in %.

Results. Among the collection samples of cucumber, on a natural infectious background, two hybrids of the agrofirm BEJO ZADEN B.V. were not affected by powdery mildew: Amur 1801 F1, Artist F1, a hybrid without a name of the agrofirm MONSANTO HOLLAND B.V., conventionally named – Semenis F1 and hybrid Kibria F1 of the agrofirm RIJK ZWAAN. To a small extent, less than one point, they were amazed: Orpheus F1, Merengue F1, Marinda F1, Masha F1, Othello F1, List F1, Adam F1, SV 4097 F1 and Krasotka F1. 11cucumber breeding samples selected in previous years of research on a complex of economically useful signs that were not affected by this disease during 2 years of research were identified. Work will continue to evaluate these lines for resistance to real powdery mildew on an artificial infectious background.
Plant viruses in the system of seed potato production
Authors: Sobko O. A. , Fisenko P. V. , Kim I. V.
Published: February 2024

Solanum tuberosum L. is susceptible to 40 different virus species and 2 viroids. To prevent plant viruses from spreading in field conditions, it is necessary to have reliable data on the species composition of plant reservoirs of viral infection, the total activity of insect vectors, and possible ways of virus transmission in a particular territory of seed material production. Attention should be paid to the factors that facilitate and hinder the disease development in crops and to disease symptoms in different potato varieties. Manifestations of viral infections were monitored on every plant from the sample at the stages of initial growth, bud formation, and flowering and before the removal of potato haulms. Insects were collected using standard entomological method. The total RNA was isolated employing commercial kits for the extraction of nucleic acids from plant material “PhytoSorb” (Syntol Llc) and the benchtop automated extraction instrument KingFisher Flex (ThermoScientific) with magnetic particles. Plant viral infection was observed to accumulate if potato planting material was not renewed. The tested potato plants contained mixed viral infection, which consisted of viruses from mosaic group: PVY, PVX, PVM, PVS PVA, as well as PSTVd and PLRV. Without the renewal of seed potatoes, the concentration of plant viruses in an agroecosystem rises and causes secondary infections in potato plants. The research identified the main insect-vectors in the agroecosystem of potato fields: insects from genera Cicadella, Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata, Dolycoris baccarum, Mythimna separata, Lygus pratensis, and Rhopalosiphum padi. Many wild weeds serve as fodder plants for insect vectors facilitating the accumulation of plant viruses in agroecosystems. It was established that perennial weeds were the main plant reservoirs of dangerous viral infections, e.g. Sonchus arvensis and Taraxacum officinale. We determined that Trifolium pratense typus L., Chenopodium album L., Plantago major L., Barbarea vulgaris W.T. Aiton, and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. were the reservoirs of PVY. All these factors can lead to an epiphytotic situation.
Effect of integrated use of Zircon and Siliplant on productivity of Echinacea purpurea roots in Western Caucasus
Authors: Thaganov R. R. , Sidelnikov N. I.
Published: February 2024

Echinacea purpurea L. – is a perennial medicinal plant, from the herb of which dozens of preparations have been created that are used to strengthen the immune system, in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. At present, oxyconic acids and alkamides have been found in the plant’s root system, and the preparations «Anginol» and «Prostanov» have been created on their basis. The production and creation of new medicinal products from the roots and rhizomes of the Echinacea purpurea depends on a stable raw material base, which can be ensured by obtaining maximum yields of roots. As a result of studies to determine the timing of harvesting, methods to increase the yield of the underground mass in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory, it was revealed that the high yield of roots and rhizomes of Echinacea purpurea was determined on plantations III-IV years of growing, which averaged 10 c/ha, they had an oxyconic acid content of 3,9%. In the future, there is a decrease in yield to 8 c/ha, and active substances to 2.1%. Dual treatments treatments Zircon (0.04 l/ha) and Siliplant (0.5 l/ha) both separately and in the mixture gave the opportunity to increase the yield for III and IV years to 28–30% and improve the quality of raw materials, the content of active substances increased by 5–7%. The complex use of these drugs in the V year of vegetation allows to increase the yield of roots to 10.3 c/ha with a high content of oxidic acids – 2.55%. It was revealed that foliar fertilization of vegetative plants with two-component system Siliplant + Zircon promotes the adaptation of Echinacea purpurea to dry weather conditions and makes it possible to obtain stable yields of medicinal raw materials with high quality regardless of weather conditions.