bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the physical and mechanical properties of different biocompatible three‐dimensional resin materials in possible use of dental appliances: An in vitro study
Authors: Aksoy Merve , Topsakal Kübra Gülnur , Bal Cenkhan , Akdeniz Berat Serdar , Duran Gökhan Serhat
Published: May 2023

Objective

This study aimed to assess the colour stability, water sorption, microhardness and water contact angle of two different 3D printing systems (SLA and DLP) in a possible use of producing paediatric and orthodontic dental appliances.

Materials and Methods

SLA and DLP printer systems produced a total of 160 disk samples with a diameter of 15.00 mm and a height of 2.00 mm. Colour changes of 64 samples were assessed in distilled water, coffee, coke and cherry juice and Vicker's microhardness tests were also conducted. Solubility and water sorption were held following the water contact angle assessment. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software. Mann–Whitney‐U test, Friedman test and Bonferroni post hoc Multiple Comparison Test were performed.

Results

In DLP and SLA groups, coffee had a statistically significant colouring effect regarding the assessment periods (P = .001, 20.09 ± 2.96, 22.09 ± 3.51, respectively), and the discolouration effect of coffee was higher in the SLA group at all endpoints (P < .05). At the same time, DLP was more affected by coke solution in T0‐T1 and T0‐T7 (P < .05). The values of water sorption showed statistically significant differences in the group of DLP compared to the SLA (P = .01, 121.11 ± 10.54, 92.78 ± 8.70, respectively). No statistical significance was detected between the solubility values and water contact angle of SLA and DLP groups. The SLA printer's microhardness values revealed statistically significantly higher values than the DLP group (P = .001) and a decrease was detected following the immersion period in the microhardness values of the SLA group (P = .022).

Conclusion

The compared groups exposed to staining solutions revealed colour changes above the clinically acceptable values at all periods (ΔE00 = 2.25).
The Comparison between Cemented and Uncemented Hemiarthroplasty in Patients with Femoral Neck Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: He Yue , Tang Xiumei , Liao Yan , Liu Shihua , Li Lingli , Li Pengcheng
Published: May 2023

Background

Hemiarthroplasty is the standard treatment for patients with femoral neck fractures (FNFs). Controversy exists over the use of bone cement in hip fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty.

Objective

We performed an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty in patients with femoral neck fractures.

Methods

A literature review was conducted using Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wang Fang, and Sino Med databases. Studies comparing cemented with uncemented hemiarthroplasty for FNFs in elderly patients up to June 2022 were included. Data were extracted, meta‐analyzed, and pooled as risk ratios (RRs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results

Twenty‐four RCTs involving 3471 patients (1749 cement; 1722 uncemented) were analyzed. Patients with cemented intervention had better outcomes regarding hip function, pain, and complications. Significant differences were found in terms of HHS at 6 weeks (WMD 12.5; 95% CI 6.0–17.0; P < 0.001), 3 months (WMD 3.3; 95% CI 1.6–5.0; P < 0.001), 4 months (WMD 7.3; 95% CI 3.4–11.2; P < 0.001), and 6 months (WMD 4.6; 95% CI 3.3–5.8; P < 0.001) postoperatively. Patients with cemented hemiarthroplasty had lower rates of pain (RR 0.59; 95% CI 0.39–0.9; P = 0.013), prosthetic fracture (RR 0.24; 95% CI 0.16–0.38; P < 0.001), subsidence/loosening (RR 0.29; 95% CI 0.11–0.78; P = 0.014), revisions (RR 0.59; 95% CI 0.40–0.89; P = 0.012), and pressure ulcers (RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.23–0.82; P = 0.01) at the expense of longer surgery time (WMD 7.87; 95% CI 5.71–10.02; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis demonstrated that patients with cemented hemiarthroplasty had better results in hip function and pain relief and lower complication rates at the expense of prolonged surgery time. Cemented hemiarthroplasty is recommended based on our findings.
The Relation between the Dynamization of Hexapod Circular External Fixator and Tibial Mechanical Properties
Authors: Mao Yunsheng , Lin Qing , Yang Qinghua
Published: May 2023

Objective

Dynamization of the external fixator, defined as gradually decreasing construct‐stability of the fixator, is widely accepted as a method for treatment during the late phase of the bone healing process. However, the dynamization is mostly based on the subjective experience of orthopaedists at present, without unified standards and a clear theoretical basis. The objective of the study is to investigate the influence of the dynamization operations on the tibial mechanical properties with a hexapod circular external fixator and standardize the dynamization process.

Methods

A 3D‐printed tibial defects model with Young's modulus of 10.5 GPa and Poisson's ratio of 0.32 simulated the clinically fractured bone. A 10 × ∅ 45 mm silicone sample with Young's modulus of 2.7 MPa and Poisson's ratio of 0.32 simulated the callus in the fracture site. Furthermore, a hexapod circular external fixator whose struts were coded from #1 to #6 was fixed on the model with six half‐pins (5 mm diameter). Corresponding to the action of removing and loosening the struts, 17 dynamization operations are designed. For each construct after different dynamization operations, the mechanical environment changes in the fracture site were recorded by a triaxle forces sensor under gradually increasing external load from 0 to 500 N.

Results

The results show that the bone axial load‐sharing ratio of each construct in the removal group was generally higher than that in the loosening group. The ratio increased from 92.51 ± 0.74% to 102.68 ± 0.27% with the number of operated struts rising from 2 to 6. Besides, the constructions with the same number of operated struts but with different strut codes such as constructions 3–5, had similar bone axial load‐sharing ratios. In addition, the proposed dynamization method of the hexapod circular external fixator can gradually increase the bone axial load‐sharing ratio from 90.73 ± 0.19% to 102.68 ± 0.27% and maintain the bone radial load‐sharing ratio below 8%.

Conclusion

The laboratory study verified the effects of the type of operations and the number of operated struts on the bone axial load‐sharing ratio, as well as the slight influence of the choice of the strut code. Besides, a dynamization method of the hexapod circular external fixator was proposed to increase the bone axial load‐sharing ratio gradually.
Modified Total en Bloc Spondylectomy with Self‐Made Intervertebral Hook Blade in Spinal Tumors: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yang Wangzhe , Zhang Kun , Lv Jia , Bai Junjun , Li Jian , Tian Qiaoqiao , Wang Yushan , Lv Zhi , Feng Yi
Published: May 2023

Objective

Total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) is an important surgical treatment for spinal tumors that can achieve en bloc resection of the affected vertebral body by using the T‐saw. However, the conventional TES process and the surgical instruments currently in use have some inconveniences, which may lead to longer operative times and a higher incidence of complications. To address these obstacles, we developed a modified TES technique using a homemade intervertebral hook blade. The objectives of this study were to describe our modified total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) using a homemade intervertebral hook blade and to assess its clinical effects in patients with spinal tumors.

Methods

Twenty‐three consecutive patients with spinal tumors were included from September 2018 to November 2021. Eleven patients underwent a modified TES using an intervertebral hook blade, and 12 patients underwent a conventional TES using a wire saw. Details of the modified technique for TES were depicted, and the intraoperative blood loss, operative time, and improvement in pain symptom and neurological function measured by visual analog score (VAS) and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score of all patients was reviewed and analyzed. Nonparametric analysis of covariates (ANCOVA) was performed to compare the clinical outcomes between patients treated with modified TES and conventional TES.

Results

The modified TES significantly reduced operative time (F = 7.935, p = 0.010) and achieved favorable improvement of neurological function (F = 0.570, p = 0.459) and relief of pain (F = 3.196, p = 0.088) compared with the conventional TES group. The mean intraoperative blood loss in the modified TES group (2381.82 ml) was lower than that in the conventional TES group (3558.33 ml), although the difference was not statistically significant (F = 0.677, p = 0.420).

Conclusions

Modified TES using the intervertebral hook blade can effectively reduce the operation time and intraoperative bleeding, and meanwhile ensure the improvement of neurological function and relief of pain symptoms, suggesting that this modified technique is feasible, safe, and effective for spinal tumors.
Characteristics of Sagittal Alignment in Patients with Severe and Rigid Scoliosis
Authors: Zhang Zhuang , Wang Liang , Li Jing‐chi , Liu Li‐min , Song Yue‐ming , Yang Xi
Published: May 2023

Objective

There has been increasing concern about the importance of sagittal alignment in the evaluation and treatment of spinal scoliosis. However, recent studies have only focused on patients with mild to moderate scoliosis. To date, little is known about the sagittal alignment in patients with severe and rigid scoliosis (SRS). This study was performed to evaluate the sagittal alignment in patients with SRS, and to analyze how it was altered after corrective surgery.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we included 58 patients with SRS who underwent surgery from January 2015 to April 2020. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were reviewed, and the sagittal parameters mainly included thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacrum slope (SS), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA). The sagittal balance state was evaluated according to whether the PI minus the LL (PI‐LL) was less than 9°, and the patients were divided into thoracic hyperkyphosis and normal groups based on whether the TK exceeded 40°. The Student's t test, Pearson's test, and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to compare related parameters between the different groups.

Results

The mean follow‐up duration was 2.8 years. Preoperatively, the mean PI was 43.6 ± 9.4°, and the mean LL was 65.2 ± 13.9°. Sixty‐nine percent of patients showed sagittal imbalance, and they showed larger TK and LL values and smaller PI and SVA values than those with sagittal balance. Additionally, most patients (44/58) presented with thoracic hyperkyphosis; this group had smaller PI and SVA values than the normal patients. Patients with syringomyelia‐associated scoliosis were more likely to present with thoracic hyperkyphosis. The TK and LL values were significantly decreased, and 45% of patients with preoperative sagittal imbalance recovered after surgery. These patients had a larger PI (46.4 ± 9.0° vs 38.3 ± 8.8°, P = 0.003) and a smaller TK (25.5 ± 5.2° vs 36.3 ± 8.0°, P = 0.000) at the final follow‐up.

Conclusion

Preoperative sagittal imbalance appears in the majority of SRS patients, accounting for approximately 69% of our cohort. Patients with small PI values or syringomyelia‐associated scoliosis were more likely to present with thoracic hyperkyphosis. Sagittal imbalance can generally be corrected by surgery, except in patients with a PI less than 39°. To achieve good postoperative sagittal alignment, we recommend controlling the TK to within 31°.
Identification of two novel rice S genes through combination of association and transcription analyses with gene‐editing technology
Authors: Xu Yuchen , Bai Lu , Liu Minghao , Liu Yanchen , Peng Shasha , Hu Pei , Wang Dan , Liu Qi , Yan Shuangyong , Gao Lijun , Wang Xuli , Ning Yuese , Zuo Shimin , Zheng Wenjing , Liu Shiming , Xiang Wensheng , Wang Guo‐Liang , Kang Houxiang
Published: May 2023

Traditional rice blast resistance breeding largely depends on utilizing typical resistance (R) genes. However, the lack of durable R genes has prompted rice breeders to find new resistance resources. Susceptibility (S) genes are potential new targets for resistance genetic engineering using genome‐editing technologies, but identifying them is still challenging. Here, through the integration of genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and transcriptional analysis, we identified two genes, RNG1 and RNG3, whose polymorphisms in 3′‐untranslated regions (3′‐UTR) affected their expression variations. These polymorphisms could serve as molecular markers to identify rice blast‐resistant accessions. Editing the 3′‐UTRs using CRISPR/Cas9 technology affected the expression levels of two genes, which were positively associated with rice blast susceptibility. Knocking out either RNG1 or RNG3 in rice enhanced the rice blast and bacterial blight resistance, without impacting critical agronomic traits. RNG1 and RNG3 have two major genotypes in diverse rice germplasms. The frequency of the resistance genotype of these two genes significantly increased from landrace rice to modern cultivars. The obvious selective sweep flanking RNG3 suggested it has been artificially selected in modern rice breeding. These results provide new targets for S gene identification and open avenues for developing novel rice blast‐resistant materials.
Genomic analyses provide insights into the polyploidization‐driven herbicide adaptation in Leptochloa weeds
Authors: Chen Ke , Yang Haona , Peng Yajun , Liu Ducai , Zhang Jingyuan , Zhao Zhenghong , Wu Lamei , Lin Tao , Bai Lianyang , Wang Lifeng
Published: May 2023

Polyploidy confers a selective advantage under stress conditions; however, whether polyploidization mediates enhanced herbicide adaptation remains largely unknown. Tetraploid Leptochloa chinensis is a notorious weed in the rice ecosystem, causing severe yield loss in rice. In China, L. chinensis has only one sister species, the diploid L. panicea, whose damage is rarely reported. To gain insights into the effects of polyploidization on herbicide adaptation, we first assembled a high‐quality genome of L. panicea and identified genome structure variations with L. chinensis. Moreover, we identified herbicide‐resistance genes specifically expanded in L. chinensis, which may confer a greater herbicide adaptability in L. chinensis. Analysis of gene retention and loss showed that five herbicide target‐site genes and several herbicide nontarget‐site resistance gene families were retained during polyploidization. Notably, we identified three pairs of polyploidization‐retained genes including LcABCC8, LcCYP76C1 and LcCYP76C4 that may enhance herbicide resistance. More importantly, we found that both copies of LcCYP76C4 were under herbicide selection during the spread of L. chinensis in China. Furthermore, we identified another gene potentially involved in herbicide resistance, LcCYP709B2, which is also retained during polyploidization and under selection. This study provides insights into the genomic basis of the enhanced herbicide adaptability of Leptochloa weeds during polyploidization and provides guidance for the precise and efficient control of polyploidy weeds.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi trigger danger‐associated peptide signaling and inhibit carbon‒phosphorus exchange with nonhost plants
Authors: Wang Yutao , Chen Hanwen , Shao Meishuang , Zhu Ting , Li Shaoshan , Olsson Pål Axel , Hammer Edith C.
Published: May 2023

In soil, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) meet the roots of both host and presumed nonhost plants, but the interactional mechanisms of AMF with and functional relevance for nonhost plants is little known. Here we show AMF can colonize an individually grown nonhost plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and suppress the growth of Arabidopsis and two nonhost Brassica crops. This inhibitory effect increased with increasing AMF inoculum density, and was independent of AMF species or nutrient availability. 13C isotope labeling and physiological analyses revealed no significant carbon‒phosphorus exchange between Arabidopsis and AMF, indicating a lack of nutritional function in this interaction. AMF colonization activated the danger‐associated peptide Pep‐PEPR signaling pathway, and caused clear defense responses in Arabidopsis. The impairment of Pep‐PEPR signaling in nonhost plants greatly compromised AMF‐triggered defensive responses and photosynthesis suppression, leading to higher colonization rates and reduced growth suppression upon AMF inoculation. Pretreatment with Pep peptide decreased AMF colonization, and largely substituted for AMF‐induced growth suppression in nonhosts, confirming that the Pep‐PEPR pathway is a key participant in resistance to AMF colonization and in mediating growth suppression of nonhost plants. This work greatly increases our knowledge about the functional relevance of AMF and their mechanisms of interactions with nonhost plants.
How nonviolent movements in the Caribbean influenced Pan‐Africanism
Authors: Presbey Gail M.
Published: May 2023

A project centering Black people across the African continent and diaspora, Pan‐Africanism has been both a local and a global force since the late eighteenth century. Its history of people, ideas, and networks is rich with connections. My article explores the relationship between Pan‐Africanism and nonviolence. I examine the place of nonviolence in popular struggles in the British Caribbean colony of Trinidad in the 1930s. Against the divide‐and‐rule of the colonial authorities, Afro‐ and Indo‐Trinidadian activists and communities converged around Gandhian and labor styles of mass nonviolent organizing and protest in the 1930s. Led by activists like Elma Francois, Tubal Uriah Butler, and Adrian Cola Rienzi, these struggles made an impact on two great Pan‐Africanists from the island, C.L.R. James and George Padmore. I argue that the influence of nonviolent organizing and protest on Pan‐Africanist thought between the 1930s and 1950s has been underappreciated.
Sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology and biopsy for a diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A comparative analysis
Authors: Sugiyama Tomoko , Tajiri Takuma , Kurata Makiko , Hiraiwa Shinichiro , Fujita Hirotaka , Machida Tomohisa , Ito Hiroyuki , Muraki Takashi , Yoshii Hisamichi , Izumi Hideki , Suzuki Takayoshi , Mukai Masaya , Nakamura Naoya
Published: May 2023

The utility of endoscopic ultrasound fine‐needle aspiration cytology (EUS‐FNAC) or endoscopic ultrasound fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (EUS‐FNAB) for diagnosis of small and large pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) remains in question. We addressed this by analyzing 97 definitively diagnosed cases of PDAC, for which both EUS‐FNAC and EUS‐FNAB had been performed. We subclassified the 97 solid masses into small (n = 35) or large (n = 62) according to the maximum tumor diameter (<24 mm or ≥24 mm) and compared the diagnostic sensitivity (truly positive rate) of EUS‐FNAC and of EUS‐FNAB for small and large masses. Diagnostic sensitivity of EUS‐FNAC did not differ between large and small masses (79.0% vs. 60.0%; p = 0.0763). However, the diagnostic sensitivity of EUS‐FNAB was significantly higher for large masses (85.5% vs. 62.9%; p = 0.0213). Accurate EUS‐FNAC‐based diagnosis appeared to depend on the degree of cytological atypia of cancer cells, which was not associated with quantity of cancer cells. The accuracy of EUS‐FNAB‐based diagnosis appeared to depend on cancer cell viability in large masses and cancer volume in small masses. Based on the advantages or disadvantages in each modality, both modalities play an important role in the qualitative diagnosis of PDAC as a complementary procedure.
COVID‐19 emergency policies, financial security, and social equity: Worldwide evidence
Authors: An Brian Y. , Porcher Simon , Tang Shui‐Yan , Maille‐Lefranc Oriane
Published: May 2023

Using worldwide country‐level panel data of COVID‐19 emergency policies and aggregated survey responses of 46 million randomly sampled Facebook users, we study the impact of public health and economic measures on household financial worries among various demographic groups. The analysis reveals that public health interventions with stringent mobility restrictions—domestic lockdowns and international travel restrictions—increase the proportion of households with financial stress within countries. However, economic policies with immediate disposability, like wage support and in‐kind transfers, counteract the negative impacts. Notably, younger working‐age groups are particularly sensitive to such public health and economic emergency policies in their assessment of financial security. Our results also show that a country's social safety net coverage and poverty rate moderate the financial impact. As governments face challenges in containing the pandemic, this study highlights the need to create policy packages balancing differential tradeoffs between health and economic interventions while enhancing equity objectives.
Death managers, public health, and COVID‐19: An exploratory study
Authors: Zavattaro Staci M.
Published: May 2023

The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has exacerbated cracks in the United States' healthcare systems—along with its deathcare systems. The pandemic as an ongoing mass fatality incident highlights the need to understand the public servants engaged in deathcare work, as they are a vital part of the emergency response equation. This exploratory, descriptive study focuses on the ways in which medical examiners and coroners (ME/Cs) in the United States provide core emergency management services to communities, relying on findings from interviews with 18 ME/Cs throughout the country. Findings indicate how COVID‐19 cases are counted is difficult, the pandemic changed how ME/Cs operate in response, and burnout is eminent for these public servants.
A robust model averaging approach for partially linear models with responses missing at random
Authors: Liang Zhongqi , Wang Qihua
Published: May 2023

In this paper, with an assumed parametric model for the selection probability function, a robust model averaging estimation method is proposed for partially linear models with responses missing at random. The method is based on a weighted Mallows‐type criterion. The method is robust in the sense that the asymptotic optimality holds true as long as the true model of the selection probability function is some measurable function of its assumed model. The optimal weight vector for model averaging is obtained by minimizing the weighted Mallows‐type criterion. It is shown that the robust model averaging method achieves the lowest possible squared error asymptotically. Some simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the proposed method. An application to two real examples are provided as illustration.
Healthcare resource utilization of maribavir versus investigator‐assigned therapy in transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus infection refractory (with or without genotypic resistance) to prior treatment: Exploratory analysis of the Phase 3 SOLSTICE trial
Authors: Hirji Ishan , Cocks Kim , Moreno‐Koehler Alejandro , Sundberg Aimee
Published: May 2023

Background

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a common post‐transplant infection, is associated with increased healthcare resource utilization. In the Phase 3 SOLSTICE trial, maribavir was superior to investigator‐assigned therapy (IAT; valganciclovir/ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir) for CMV viremia clearance at Week 8 in transplant recipients with confirmed refractory CMV infection with/without resistance. This exploratory analysis evaluated hospital admissions of patients during the SOLSTICE trial.

Methods

Patients were randomized to maribavir (400 mg twice daily) or IAT for an 8‐week treatment phase with a 12‐week follow‐up. After ≥3 weeks of treatment, patients on IAT who met pre‐specified criteria could enter a maribavir rescue arm (8‐week maribavir treatment, 12‐week follow‐up). Adjusted hospitalization rates and length of hospital stay (LOS) were estimated using negative binomial models adjusting for the time in the relevant study phase. Subgroup analysis for the maribavir rescue arm was conducted.

Results

Overall, 352 patients were randomized (maribavir: 235; IAT: 117); 22 entered the maribavir rescue arm. After adjusting for treatment exposure, patients on maribavir had a 34.8% reduction in hospitalization rate and 53.8% reduced LOS (days/person/year) versus IAT during the treatment phase. No significant differences between treatments were observed during the follow‐up phase, although in both arms, hospitalization rates were lower than in the treatment phase. In the maribavir rescue arm, hospitalizations were 60.6% lower on/after maribavir rescue versus pre‐rescue treatment (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

In patients requiring post‐transplant CMV treatment, hospitalization rate and LOS were lower for maribavir than IAT, and hospitalization rates were lower on/after maribavir rescue than pre‐rescue. Reducing hospitalizations can alleviate the burden on patients and healthcare systems.

image
Contribution of Radio Musical Broadcasting to National Development in Nigeria: A Media Practitioners and Audience-Based Survey in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Okpeki Philo Igue , Erubami Joshua Aghogho , Ugwuoke Joel Chinedum , Onyenye Temaba Peace
Published: May 2023

Music is an essential feature of most broadcasting programmes, and research indicates that the appropriate use of music by broadcasting organisations could actuate significant national renaissance and promote development efforts. This study examines the contributions of radio musical broadcasting to national development efforts as perceived by two distinct cohorts comprising media practitioners and media audiences. Anchored on the Uses and Gratification Theory, the study utilises the survey research method and multisampling technique to recruit 500 study participants in two major cities in Delta State. The outcome of the study shows that there is a high level of exposure to radio musical broadcasting on national development-related issues among the two cohorts, and such broadcasting content is widely perceived to contribute to national development efforts in Nigeria by serving as a platform for nationalists to preach the principles of justice, equality, unity, national integration, freedom, democracy, and genuine social change in Nigeria. However, the study also found a significant discrepancy in the rating of the benefits arising from music broadcast between the two cohorts with the media practitioners group tending to overrate the influence of music broadcasting on national development. The study recommends that radio broadcasting stations should regularly conduct audience surveys to understand the actual influence of their content on the audience to ensure better programming.
Arraigo laboral: un modelo explicativo basado en prácticas organizacionales, comportamiento innovador y satisfacción laboral
Authors: Salessi Solana Magalí
Published: May 2023

El arraigo laboral se define como una combinación de factores organizacionales y extra-organizacionales que evitan que una persona abandone su trabajo. Los antecedentes del arraigo no están claramente establecidos en la literatura. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el interjuego entre las prácticas organizacionales, el comportamiento innovador y la satisfacción laboral como posibles variables explicativas. Se realizó una verificación empírica cuantitativa, correlacional-explicativa y transversal sobre una muestra no probabilística de 381 trabajadores argentinos. Se aplicaron escalas validadas para medir las variables bajo estudio. Los resultados señalan que el comportamiento innovador actúa como mediador, y la satisfacción como moderadora, en las relaciones entre prácticas y arraigo. Los hallazgos muestran la importancia de las conductas innovadoras para incrementar el bienestar laboral.
A Modified Model to Predict Liquid Loading in Horizontal Gas Wells
Authors: Luo Chengcheng , Gao Lirong , Liu Yonghui , Xie Chuan , Ye Changqing , Yang Jianying , Liu Zhongbo
Published: May 2023

Liquid loading is inevitable during mature gas-well production, leading the liquids to accumulate at the bottomhole and additional pressure loss. Accurately predicting the liquid-loading initiation is crucial to gas-well production optimization. Significant efforts have been made to model liquid-loading behavior. However, few mechanistic models are capable of easily and accurately tackling the complicated non-uniform liquid-film distribution in the slanted section of horizontal wells. Based on liquid-film inversion, this study developed a simple and comprehensive model to calculate liquid-loading initiation for horizontal gas wells. First, the models for film thickness and critical velocity in the vertical pipe are developed. Then, considering the effect of inclination and velocity difference in liquid-film thickness and liquid-holdup distribution between vertical and inclined pipes, the relationship in vertical and inclined pipes between liquid holdup, liquid-film thickness, and angle correction term is established based on the liquid-holdup correlation for horizontal and inclined pipes described in the empirical model developed by Beggs and Brill, so that the thickness of the film and the corresponding critical velocity at any inclination can be calculated. Finally, the new modified model has been evaluated against both experimental and field-measured data set. In comparison to the Luo et al.’s model, the proposed model has been proven to be simple, accurate, and well-performed in predicting the liquid-accumulation initiation in horizontal wells.
Nurses’ experiences in a rural interprofessional simulation course
Authors: Van Asperen Amanda Margaret , Lesa Raewyn , Seaton Philippa
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The Rural Inter-Professional Simulation Course (RiSC) in New Zealand is a 3-day immersive course that brings rural doctors and nurses together to practise emergency and trauma skills using workshops and a simulation-enhanced interprofessional experience (SEIPE). The course aims to increase practitioners’ psychomotor skills, communication, teamwork and leadership skills through simulation-based learning and translate this into the management of trauma in rural settings.
Methods: This study employed an exploratory, descriptive design to explore transfer of learning from RiSC into clinical practice 8 months post course participation. Six registered nurses who participated in RiSC took part in semi-structured interviews. The transcribed interviews were analysed using a general inductive approach.
Results: The nurses valued the learning experience in RiSC and used the skills they learnt in clinical practice, however factors such as their perception of the authenticity of the scenario and performance anxiety impacted the SEIPE. The nurses also observed interprofessional dynamics playing out during the SEIPE.
Conclusions: RiSC is effective for rural trauma team training, however some aspects of the use of simulation in interprofessional education could be further enhanced.
future role of healthcare mentors and coaches in navigating workplace culture
Authors: Martin Romany Anne , Copley Jodie , Dunwoodie Ruth , Forbes Roma , Joyce Laura , Mandrusiak Allison , Noble Christy , Pearson Anne , Radford Jan , Wilkinson Tim , Sheehan Dale
Published: May 2023

A core value of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Health Professional Educators (ANZAHPE) is to be a nurturing organisation that enshrines the value of mentorship. In this paper we explore the roles of mentors and coaches and how these might adapt over the next 50 years towards assisting a novice to understand the culture within their own workplace, to enable them to function, survive, and thrive within this context. We further propose that the respective roles of mentors and coaches will become increasingly distinct from each other, to optimise the support that is available for new health professionals, educators, and researchers as they enter the workforce and prepare for lifelong learning and scholarship.
Sharpening reflexive practice in health professional education research
Authors: Denniston Charlotte
Published: May 2023

This paper focuses on the methodological practice of reflexivity. It critically explores previous works within and outside the field of health professional education research that seek to guide and inform researchers about reflexivity. Using illustrative scenarios, this paper will describe what reflexivity might look like in practice and ways in which reflexivity may contribute to strengthening future work. To finish, challenges of reporting reflexivity, including achieving a balance of credibility and vulnerability with respect to researcher reflexivity will be discussed. In sum, this work seeks to provide readers who are new to reflexivity, and those with experience, with some new ways of thinking about reflexivity that they might take forward into their research.
Why thermal laser epitaxy aluminum sources yield reproducible fluxes in oxidizing environments
Authors: Smart Thomas J. , Hensling Felix V. E. , Kim Dong Yeong , Majer Lena N. , Suyolcu Y. Eren , Dereh Dominik , Schlom Darrell G. , Jena Debdeep , Mannhart Jochen , Braun Wolfgang
Published: May 2023

Aluminum plays a central role in the world of electronic oxide materials. Yet, aluminum sources are very difficult to handle during oxide molecular-beam epitaxy, the main reason for which is the high oxidization potential of aluminum. In this work, we present a thorough study of the behavior of aluminum sources during oxide thermal laser epitaxy. We identify two distinct operating regimes. At high laser-beam fluences, the source emanates reproducible fluxes independent of an applied oxygen pressure of <10−1 hPa. At lower beam fluences, the flux increases with increasing oxygen pressure (<10−1 hPa) due to suboxide formation. We demonstrate reproducible rate control over a flux range of 5 orders of magnitude, which can be expanded further. These results demonstrate that thermal laser epitaxy does not present the challenges associated with the evaporation of aluminum during oxide molecular-beam epitaxy.
Effect of functional electric stimulation on phonation in an ex vivo aged ovine model
Authors: Jakubaß Bernhard , Peters Gregor , Kniesburges Stefan , Semmler Marion , Kirsch Andrijana , Gerstenberger Claus , Gugatschka Markus , Döllinger Michael
Published: May 2023

With age, the atrophy of the thyroarytenoid muscle (TAM), and thus atrophy of the vocal folds, leads to decreased glottal closure, increased breathiness, and a loss in voice quality, which results in a reduced quality of life. A method to counteract the atrophy of the TAM is to induce hypertrophy in the muscle by functional electric stimulation (FES). In this study, phonation experiments were performed with ex vivo larynges of six stimulated and six unstimulated ten-year-old sheep to investigate the impact of FES on phonation. Electrodes were implanted bilaterally near the cricothyroid joint. FES treatment was provided for nine weeks before harvesting. The multimodal measurement setup simultaneously recorded high-speed video of the vocal fold oscillation, the supraglottal acoustic signal, and the subglottal pressure signal. Results of 683 measurements show a 65.6% lower glottal gap index, a 22.7% higher tissue flexibility (measured by the amplitude to length ratio), and a 473.7% higher coefficient of determination (R2) of the regression of subglottal and supraglottal cepstral peak prominence during phonation for the stimulated group. These results suggest that FES improves the phonatory process for aged larynges or presbyphonia.
Association Between Domain-Specific Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Factors in a Multiethnic Asian Population: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ge Lixia , Hilal Saima , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk , Tan Chuen Seng
Published: May 2023

Aims: To examine the association between domain-specific physical activity (PA) and cardiometabolic factors with longitudinal data, which is limited in current literature. Methods: Participants who attended the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort and follow-up surveys were included in this study (N = 3950, mean age: 44.7 y, female: 57.9%). Self-reported moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) for each domain (leisure-time, transportation, occupation, and household) was categorized into 4 levels: no, low, middle, and high MVPA. The longitudinal associations of domain-specific MVPA with cardiometabolic factors including systolic and diastolic blood pressures, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols, triglycerides, and body mass index were examined using Generalized Estimating Equations, accounting for confounding factors and repeated measurements. Results: There were 5.2% participants who had no MVPA. For each domain, this rate ranged from 22.6% (household) to 83.3% (occupation). Leisure-time and occupation MVPAs had positive and linear associations with high-density lipoprotein cholesterols, corresponding to 0.030 (95% confidence interval, 0.015 to 0.045) mmol/L (leisure-time) and 0.063 (95% confidence interval, 0.043 to 0.083) mmol/L (occupation), when compared high with no respective MVPA. Occupation and household MVPAs were associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Transportation and occupation exhibited a positive and linear relationship with diastolic blood pressure. None of the domains were associated with body mass index, systolic blood pressures, or triglycerides. Conclusions: This study showed that each domain had differential association with individual cardiometabolic risk factors. As occupation, transportation, or household PA had unfavorable associations with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or diastolic blood pressure, the overall beneficial impact of higher PA levels may not necessarily hold in the context of domain-specific PA and cardiovascular health. Further investigation is needed to corroborate our findings.
The Influence of Athletic Identity on Mental Health Symptoms During Retirement From Sport
Authors: Roberts Kylie , Kuhlman Kiersten , Byrd Megan , Hunt Tamerah
Published: May 2023

Clinical Scenario: Athletic identity (AI) can be defined as, “the degree to which an individual identifies with an athlete role, and the values, and social networks associated with that identity,” and can pose a problem when athletes do not explore themselves outside of sport. This lack of identity development beyond athletics has the potential to lead to the development of a high AI. High AI in athletes can have positive effects in areas such as performance, however, high AI may also pose negative consequences. The development of such an identity can limit the adaptive responses to substantial life changes such as retirement from sport. This inability to adapt may thereby contribute to mental health problems during the transition. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to better understand the relationship between athletic identity and mental health symptoms so clinicians may provide support to enable positive outcomes after retirement from sport. Clinical Question: What is the influence of athletic identity on mental health symptoms in athletes retiring from sports? Summary of Key Findings: (1) High athletic identity contributes to increased mental health symptoms following retirement. (2) Athletic identity had no relationship to mental health symptoms during the preretirement phase of an athlete’s career Clinical Bottom Line: The findings suggest that there is high-quality evidence to support that AI has no relationship with mental health symptoms during the preretirement phase and that athletes with high AI are more likely to experience mental health symptoms during their transition out of or retirement from sport. Strength of Recommendation: The grade of B is recommended by the Strength of Recommendation taxonomy for consistent, limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence that high AI has a strong relationship to mental health symptoms following retirement in athletes.
Carbon Monoxide-Sensing Transcription Factors: Regulators of Microbial Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Pathway Gene Expression
Authors: Dent Matthew R. , Weaver Brian R. , Roberts Madeleine G. , Burstyn Judith N.
Published: May 2023

Carbon monoxide (CO) serves as a source of energy and carbon for a diverse set of microbes found in anaerobic and aerobic environments. The enzymes that bacteria and archaea use to oxidize CO depend upon complex metallocofactors that require accessory proteins for assembly and proper function.
Identification and Characterization of Nanobodies from a Phage Display Library and Their Application in an Immunoassay for the Sensitive Detection of African Swine Fever Virus
Authors: Zhao Yaru , Yang Jifei , Niu Qingli , Wang Jinming , Jing Mengyao , Guan Guiquan , Liu Meng , Luo Jianxun , Yin Hong , Liu Zhijie
Published: May 2023

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most lethal and devastating diseases of domestic and wild swine. The continual spread and frequent outbreaks of ASF have seriously threatened the pig and pig-related industries, causing great socioeconomic losses at unprecedented proportions.
The pUL51 Tegument Protein Is Essential for Marek’s Disease Virus Growth
In Vitro
and Bears a Function That Is Critical for Pathogenesis
In Vivo
Authors: Pasdeloup David , Chuard Aurélien , Rémy Sylvie , Courvoisier-Guyader Katia , Denesvre Caroline
Published: May 2023

Viruses usually spread from cell to cell through two mechanisms: cell-released virus and/or cell-to-cell spread (CCS). The molecular determinants of CCS and their importance in the biology of viruses during infection of their natural host are unclear.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pedococcus
sp. Strain 5OH_020, Isolated from California Grassland Soil
Authors: Green Myka A. , Alvarez-Aponte Zoila I. , Trotter Valentine V. , Taga Michiko E.
Published: May 2023

The draft genome sequence of the soil bacterium
Pedococcus
sp. strain 5OH_020, isolated on a natural cobalamin analog, comprises 4.4 Mbp, with 4,108 protein-coding genes. Its genome encodes cobalamin-dependent enzymes, including methionine synthase and class II ribonucleotide reductase. Taxonomic analysis suggests that it is a novel species within the genus
Pedococcus
.
Genome Sequence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A/Chicken/North Kazakhstan/184/2020 (H5N8)
Authors: Baikara B. , Seidallina A. , Baimakhanova B. , Kasymbekov Y. , Sabyrzhan T. , Daulbaeva K. , Nuralibekov S. , Khan Y. , Karamendin K. , Sultanov A. , Kydyrmanov A.
Published: May 2023

The influenza virus strain A/chicken/North Kazakhstan/184/2020 (H5N8) was isolated in North Kazakhstan during a highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in 2020. This study aimed to obtain the complete genome sequence of the isolate.
Detection and Characterization of Two Phenotypes of Candida parapsilosis in South Korea: Clinical Features and Microbiological Findings
Authors: Byun Jung-Hyun , Won Eun Jeong , Cho Hae Weon , Kim Daewon , Lee Hyukmin , Kim Soo Hyun , Choi Min Ji , Byun Seung A. , Lee Ga Yeong , Kee Seung-Jung , Kim Tae Yeul , Kim Mi-Na , Choi Jun Yong , Yong Dongeun , Shin Jong Hee
Published: May 2023

We believe that this is the first study describe the microbiological and molecular characteristics of bloodstream isolates of
C. parapsilosis
in Korea exhibiting two phenotypes (sinking and floating). An important aspect of our findings is that the sinking phenotype was observed predominantly in isolates harboring a Y132F substitution in the
ERG11
gene (92.9%), fluconazole-nonsusceptible (FNS) isolates (86.7%), and clonal BSI isolates (74.4%) of
C. parapsilosis
.
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus suis Isolates from Swine and Humans in China
Authors: Wang Chang-Zhen , Wang Min-Ge , Chu Yue-Fei , Sun Ruan-Yang , Li Jian-Guo , Li Xian-An , Sun Jian , Liu Ya-Hong , Zhou Yu-Feng , Liao Xiao-Ping
Published: May 2023

S. suis
is a serious zoonotic pathogen. In this study, we investigated the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of 96
S. suis
isolates from 10 different provinces of China from 2008 to 2019.
The Rice Endophyte-Derived α-Mannosidase ShAM1 Degrades Host Cell Walls To Activate DAMP-Triggered Immunity against Disease
Authors: Bu Zhigang , Li Wei , Liu Xiaoli , Liu Ying , Gao Yan , Pei Gang , Zhuo Rui , Cui Kunpeng , Qin Ziwei , Zheng Heping , Wu Jie , Yang Yutong , Su Pin , Cao Meiting , Xiong Xianqiu , Liu Xuanming , Zhu Yonghua
Published: May 2023

The specific biological niche inside host plants allows endophytes to regulate plant disease resistance effectively. However, there have been few reports on the role of active metabolites from endophytes in inducing host disease resistance.
The Small Protein ScrA Influences Staphylococcus aureus Virulence-Related Processes via the SaeRS System
Authors: Wittekind Marcus A. , Briaud Paul , Smith Jayanna L. , Tennant Julia R. , Carroll Ronan K.
Published: May 2023

Staphylococcus aureus
is the cause of several potentially life-threatening infections. An assortment of toxins and virulence factors allows such a wide range of infections.
Fast exhumation of Earth’s earliest ultrahigh-pressure rocks in the West Gondwana orogen, Mali
Authors: Ganade Carlos E. , Rubatto Daniela , Lanari Pierre , Hermann Joerg , Tesser Lucas R. , Caby Renaud
Published: May 2023

Did exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks proceed at comparable rates in the Neoproterozoic and in modern collisional orogens? We address this question with a multimineral geochronological study of UHP rocks from the Gourma fold-and-thrust belt in Mali. Integrated petrology and zircon U-Pb geochronology reveal peak metamorphic conditions of 820–740 °C and 3.3–3.4 GPa at 611.7 ± 3.6 Ma, providing evidence for subduction of the passive margin of the West African craton to ~125 km depth in the West Gondwana orogen. Rutile U-Pb cooling ages indicate further exhumation of the Gourma UHP unit to mid-crustal levels (~35 km) at 601.7 ± 3.2 Ma. These two ages provide a time lag between peak conditions and exhumation to 35 km of 10 ± 3.1 m.y., constraining an average vertical exhumation rate of 0.9 ± 0.3 cm/yr. Our data indicate a fast exhumation rate for the oldest known UHP rocks, comparable to that reported for modern collisional orogens. We argue that exhumation of the deeply subducted UHP rocks along the West Gondwana orogen contributed to significant changes in the Neoproterozoic atmosphere and biosphere.
Collapse of terrestrial ecosystems linked to heavy metal poisoning during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event
Authors: Baranyi Viktória , Jin Xin , Dal Corso Jacopo , Shi Zhiqiang , Grasby Stephen E. , Kemp David B.
Published: May 2023

The Early Jurassic Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE, ca. 183 Ma) was accompanied by a major biotic turnover in the oceans and substantial vegetation change on land. The marine biotic crisis has been attributed to several triggers, e.g., anoxia, warming, ocean acidification, yet the processes underlying the collapse of the terrestrial ecosystem are poorly understood. New high-resolution geochemical and palynological data across the T-OAE from a lacustrine succession in North China reveal elevated occurrences of spore dwarfism, asymmetrical Classopollis tetrads, and aberrant spores coeval with increases in heavy metal (Hg, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, As) abundances. The occurrence of teratological spores and pollen in multiple plant groups suggests overall vegetation-scale ecological pressure. Our data indicate that the combination of a widespread floral crisis with higher terrestrial organic matter oxidation and decomposition, enhanced hydrological cycle, and coeval large-scale volcanism resulted in higher concentrations of toxic heavy metals in terrestrial ecosystems. These heavy metals could poison plants, causing mutations and disrupting their reproductive cycle, and making them more vulnerable to secondary stresses such as climatic extremes and/or habitat shifts, eventually leading to widespread collapse across all terrestrial trophic levels.