bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL CIRRHOSIS: LIVER MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTION
Authors: Datsko Vitalij А. , Fedoniuk Larisa Ya. , Ivankiv Yana I. , Kurylo Khristina I. , Volska Аlina S. , Malanchuk Sergij L. , Oleshchuk Оleksandra М.
Published: October 2020

The aim was to establish the morphofunctional changes of liver in the experimental cirrhosis.
Materials and methods: The research was conducted on 24 white male Wistar rats. Experimental cirrhosis of the liver was simulated by oral administration of CCl4 2 g/kg 2 times weekly for three months. From the selected fragments of the liver, histological specimens were done according to the conventional method and examined by light microscopy. The activity of the enzymes of cytolysis and cholestasis (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase), the content of components of bile (cholesterol, bilirubin and bile acids) were determined in the serum. In the blood and liver were determined the content of the final products of metabolism of nitric oxide: NO2 - and NO3 -; in the blood – the content of ceruloplasmin, lactate, pyruvate, middle molecular-weight protein MWP1 and MWP2. In the liver – the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) and cytochrome oxidase (CHO), N-demethylase and p-hydroxylase microsomal activity. The state of the system of prooxidants-antioxidants was judged by the content in the liver of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxide (LHP), concentration of sulfhydril group (GSH), catalase activities (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD). The content of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) NO synthases, the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by the enzyme immunoassay.
Results: Cirrhosis of the liver, which is morphologically confirmed by the presence of prominent sclerosis in the periportal zones and the formation of umbel, is accompanied by the development of cytolysis and cholestasis processes with an increase in the content of components of bile in the blood (cholesterol, bilirubin and bile acids). An increase in the content of lipoperoxidation products and disturbance of the state of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic units of the antioxidant system, decrease in the activity of mitochondrial (succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase) enzymes have been established. The activity of the detoxification processes decreases, namely the inhibition of N-demethylase and p-hydroxylase activity of the liver microsomes, so the manifestations of endotoxicosis increase. This is accompanied with decreased content of endothelial and an increased content inducible NO synthase, a concentration of a stable metabolite of nitric oxide nitrite anion in the blood increase and a decrease in the liver.
Сonclusions: Experimental CCl4 cirrhosis is characterized morphologically by sclerosis in the periportal zones and the formation of umbao. The metabolic and functional cirrhoticliver is characterized by cytolysis and cholestasis activation, inhibition of detoxication, prooxidant-antooxidant, including nitrooxidative, disbalance.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF URINE IN NEWBORN WITH RENAL DISTURBANCE DUE TO ASPHYXIA
Authors: Petrashenko Viktoriia O. , Loboda Andrii M. , Smiyan Oleksandr I. , Popov Sergii V. , Zaitsev Ihor E. , Redko Olena K. , Kasian Svitlana M. , Shkolna Iryna I. , Smiyan Svitlana A.
Published: October 2020

The aim is to increase the efficiency of diagnosis of renal injury in neonates with asphyxia by identifying of structural markers according to research facies of urine in newborns of different gestational ages.
Materials and methods: The study involved 150 full-term with signs of kidney damage due to asphyxia: 75 babies with severe asphyxia, and 75 children with moderateasphyxia and 100 preterm infants: 50 children with severe asphyxia and 50 children with moderate. Comparison groups: group 1 consisted of 20 full-term infants, group 2 which included 20 preterm neonates. Material for the study – morning portion of urine, which was collected at 8-10 a.m. on 1-2 and 7-8 days of life.
Results: morphological picture of facies of newborns with asphyxia depends on the severity of pathological changes in the urine (proteinuria) and urine output. Structure of facies in babies with renal distorbance due to severe asphyxia indicates a significant loss of organic and mineral substances in the urine. The width of the peripheral zone facies, the amount of solid particles transferred depends on the severity of asphyxia, the difference in morphology facies is maintained even at the end of the early neonatal period.
Conclusions: Analysis of dried drops of urine in infants with renal impairment on the background of asphyxia can be used as one of the criteria for assessing kidney function and have prognostic value.
DIAGNOSTIC CHEMORESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN THE TERNOPIL REGION OF UKRAINE
Authors: Klymnyuk Sergiy I. , Hryshchuk Leonid A. , Vynnychuk Mukola O. , Boiko Tetiana V. , Smachylo Iryna V. , Lykhatska Galyna V. , Smachylo Ivan I.
Published: October 2020

The aim: To analyze the changes in indicators of tuberculosis mycobacteria sensitivity to anti-mycobacterial drugs over the past nine years in Ternopol region (Ukraine) and to develop recommendations for the use of drug combinations in this region.
Materials and methods: The medical examinations were carried out in the Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory of Ternopil Regional Tuberculosis Hospital during 2007-2017. Sensitivity analysis was carried out on a solid Löwenstein-Jensen medium and in liquid Meedlebrook medium using automatic bacteriological BACTEC 1443 tests with addition to the media of first line anti-TB drugs.
Results: The sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to anti-TB drugs has decreased in 2017 comparing to 2007, both among new cases and relapses of the disease.During this period in newly diagnosed patients the number of M. tuberculosis sensitive to first-line anti-TB drugs has decreased by 6.1%.
Conclusions: Considering the increase in multi-resistant pathogens in newly diagnosed and relapsed of tuberculosis cases, it is necessary to use a modern express methods of diagnostics for the causative agents of tuberculosis and to study their sensitivity to antimycobacterial drugs, especially by using molecular genetics methods.
A RURAL-BASED MEDICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE RESULTS OF THE PRIMARY CARE REFORM
Authors: Potseluiev Volodymyr I. , Kostenko Andriana M. , Rudenko Lesia A. , Smiianova Olha I.
Published: October 2020

The aim: To study the results of a medical and sociological research as to the attitude of rural population in amalgamated hromadas (AH), i.e. united territorial communities, of Sumy region to the results of primary care reform.
Materials and methods: The form of research – a survey with closed questionnaire. The study was conducted on a specially designed three-tier quota sample, which was calculated allowing for the territorial and socio-demographic indicators. A total of 320 respondents residing in the specified rural communities (hromadas) were surveyed with quota sampling. The theoretical sampling error makes 3%. The questionnaires were processed by the laboratory staff with the help of the “OСA” program.
Results: Among the surveyed in Nyzhniosyrovatska AH (amalgamated hromada), 23.5% of the population emphasized that their authorities neglected medical problems, while in Bezdrytska AH this indicator was 6.7%, as evidenced by the difference in the industry financing from own assets (274 thousand less than in Bezdrytska AH). The survey revealed that in the communities where the population knows their family doctors better and trusts them, the satisfaction with the quality of medical care and the attitude to prophylaxis (prevention) is much higher.
Conclusions: A significant part of the population demonstrates a low level of awareness of the course of the reforms, their goals and objectives. The specified trends may indicate a lack of communication or distortion of information on the implementation of medical reform. It is an information support that is one of the key instruments for effective introduction of medical reform. At the local level, this function is assigned to a family doctor who becomes a determining factor not only for providing medical services to patients, but also for communication, keeping the population informed and prophylaxis.
CANCER OF THE ORGANS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN WOMEN WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES. EFFECTS OF ANTIDIABETIC THERAPY
Authors: Vatseba Tamara S.
Published: October 2020

The aim: to investigate the prevalence of cancer of the reproductive system in women with type 2 diabetes, and to examine the impact of antidiabetic therapy on cancer risk of this localization.
Materials and methods: The study included a retrospective analysis of medical records of women with T2D with first diagnosed cancer during 2012-2016. The bases for the study were specialized medical institutions in Ivano-Frankivsk region. The obtained results were processed using statistical programs “Microsoft Excel” and “Statistika-12”.
Results: Breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer were detected in 202 postmenopausal women, 63.92% from the total number of cancer cases in women. An increased risk of breast [OR = 1.24; 95% CI (1.04 – 1.50) P = 0.019] and uterine cancer [OR = 1.32; 95% CI (1.02 – 1.69) P = 0.040] has been identified. Most often, before the detection of cancer, women received combination therapy with sulfonylurea and metformin (83 patients (57.64%)) with BMI 32.64 ± 3.69 kg/m2. The difference between risk of cancer on metformin monotherapy and on sulfonylurea monotherapy [OR = 2.17; 95% CI (0.88 – 5.36) P = 0.141] or on combination therapy [OR = 1.68; 95% CI (0.76 – 3.74) P = 0.276] was not found.
Conclusions: Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of breast and uterine cancer and are recommended to be screened for these diseases
THE IMPACT OF AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION ON DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE SKILLS FOR PREVENTION OF OBESITY IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Danylenko Heorhii M. , Sotnikova-Meleshkina Zhanna V. , Smiianov Vladyslav A.
Published: October 2020

The aim: To determine that nature of perception of an educational institution has on degree of risk as to development of bad habits in eating and daily routine.
Materials and methods: We have conducted surveys among 1015 students of educational institutions, residing in a large industrial center through special questionnaire was developed by SI «ICAHC NAMS». According to answer to the question about their attitude towards school, schoolchildren have been divided into 6 groups.
Results: Studying the health-shaping behavior of children has shown the greatest regularity of engagement in sports activities among students of the 1st group. Schoolchildren of the 4th group were characterized by the risk of development of obesity, due to the highest (among the other groups) level of consumption of chips, crackers, street food, sparkling water, against insufficient acquirement of key sources of protein and vitamins. The same groups also differed in self-esteem of their own health and perception of school environment.
Conclusions: The most safe group as to development of obesity and other diseases has been the 1st group, students of which attended an educational institution with pleasure and had a high level of physical activity and had certain eating habits. Children of the 4th group with indifferent attitude towards any occupation should be included into the risk group. Outstanding remains the issue in-depth study of prevalence of healthy lifestyle skills and bad habits among various gender groups of adolescents.
HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES OF ENDOGENIC INTOXICATION, NON-SPECIFIC REACTIVITY AND INFLAMMATION ACTIVITY INDICES IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Chemych Mykola D. , Sosnovenko Dmytro S. , Chemych Oksana M. , Berest Oleh B.
Published: October 2020

The aim: To establish changes in hematological parameters of endogenous intoxication, nonspecific reactivity, activity of inflammation in HIV-infected persons, to improve verification of the clinical stage of the disease.
Materials and methods: Anamnestic, clinical, laboratory data. The statistical processing was performed in the Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistic 23 computer software, variational statistics processing (Student’s t-criteria).
Results: 51 HIV-infected were examined (main group) and 44 clinically anamnestic healthy blood donors (comparison group). The study included 46 patients (5 were withdrawn due to failure to meet criteria – severe septic condition). All patients were divided into three groups: A1 – all patients, 46 persons, men 76.0%, women – 24.0%; A2 – 11 people with I-III stages of HIV infection, men 72,7%, women – 27,3%; A3 – 35 HIV infected with stage IV disease, men 76.0%, women – 24.0%. All patients had an increase in intoxication indices and sex-dependent changes. Nonspecific reactivity indices in group A1 were above the norm, independent of gender except the index of neutrophils and lymphocyte (NLR). Below the norm is the immunoreactivity index (IR), the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio index (LMR), the lymphocyte index (Ilymph), the index of allergization (IA). Indices of nonspecific reactivity of A2 patients exceeded the norm and were independent of sex, with the exception of IR, Ilymph, IA, which were reduced. Non-specific reactivity indices are increased in HIV-infected group A3. Below the norm were IR, LMR, Ilymph, IA. Analyzing the activity indexes of inflammation, it became clear that the Krebs index (KI) was increased in all groups of patients; lymphocyte-granulocyte index (ILG) in groups A1 and A3 is less than normal, unlike patients in group A2, where it remained within the normal range. The leukocyte ratio and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ILESR) in A1 and A3 have increased rates, unlike in A2, where the index is smaller.
Conclusions: Men are predominantly HIV positive. The systemic immune response is more pronounced in women. There is a progressive impairment of immunological reactivity, indicating an immunodeficiency of the cell type with a decrease in nonspecific anti-infective protection. Patients with stage IV of HIV infection have moderate and severe inflammatory reactions, impaired reactivity, and are more pronounced in women.
TRANSPERITONEAL URETERCUTANEOSTOMY WITH USE OF MESOSIGMOID COLON PERITONEUM IN PATIENTS WITH BLADDER CANCER AFTER RADICAL CYSTECTOMY
Authors: Stakhovskyi Oleksandr E. , Pikul Maksym V. , Semko Sofia L. , Vitruk Iuriy V. , Voylenko Oleg A. , Kononenko Oleksiy A. , Grechko Bogdan V. , Stakhovsky Eduard O.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to we describe the new surgical approach of constructing single site transperitoneal cutaneostomy with the use of sigmoid colon accompanied by skin modified fixation technique and its clinical outcomes.
Materials and methods: 89 patients were included in a single center study from January 2015 to May 2019. All patients underwent single-site modified transperitonial ureterocutanesotomy. Clinical and surgical data were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0.
Results: Majority of the patients had a low performance status and rationale for cystectomy was palliative cytoreduction. Almost half of the patients had upper tract obstruction at diagnosis with 40% of patients presenting with a decreased kidney function. Surgical procedure was safe taking to account locally advanced. All the surgeries were performed with acceptable complications rate. Blood loss didn’t exceeded 1000 ml and median operation time was 194 minutes. Early and late postoperative complications were analyzed and stomal stenosis that needed continuous restenting or reoperation was seen in 20% of cases.
Conclusions: Single-site modified transperitonial ureterocutanesotomy is safe and effective surgical approach with acceptable complication rates and duration. Such surgery may be used as a major urinary diversion approach in advanced bladder cancer patients with severe symptoms and low-performance status. Further external validation studies needed to evaluate efficacy of the proposed technique.
THE MAIN LEITMOTIFS OF CHINESE MEDICINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SCIENCE
Authors: Sniehyrov Ihor A. , Plakhtiienko Inna А. , Kurhanska Viktoriia O. , Smiianov Yurii V.
Published: October 2020

The aim: To demonstrate the limitations of pharmacological (chemical) therapy and the atomistic paradigm of science (in particular medicine) on the methodological basis of modern interdisciplinary directions (the theory of dissipative structures, chaos, autopoiesis), quantum mechanics, as well as the basic patterns of oriental medicine.
Materials and methods: The principles used in the article include self-organization, emergence, quantum mechanics (the Heisenberg uncertainty principle), the principle of consistency; principles of using coherent millimeter waves of low power, etc. Theoretical methods of analysis and synthesis, idealization, abstraction, induction and deduction are also used.
Сonclusions: The concept of “integrable system” is equivalent to the concept of “integral quantum-mechanical system”; Integral quantum-mechanical systems (nuclei, atoms, molecules, living objects) in the ground state are described by periodic wave functions of the type exp (jwt); The traditional paradigm, for the most part, eliminates the qualitative difference between living and dead matter; Any living system functioning as a whole is simultaneously a macroscopic quantum-mechanical object and a millimeter-wave laser.
SPECIFICITY OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN AND ANIMAL BILIARY SYSTEM (ANALYTICAL LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Riabushko Olena B.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the paper was the study of the structure of the basic parts of the gallbladder wall of humans and animals of different classes in a comparatively anatomical aspect using the bibliographic analysis of literature sources. Materials and methods: of the study was the contemporary publications on the anatomical and histological structure of the human and animal gallbladder wall mucosa, studied using the analysis, synthesis and summarizing of the obtained information. Conclusions: Basically, the structure of the gallbladder wall mucosa in humans and animals of different classes has much in common; however there are also significant differences depending on the natural type of nutrition. Structural organization of the gallbladder wall in animals in comparison with humans has individual features and depends on the type of nutrition.
IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON MALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Authors: Nykolaichuk Roksolana P. , Fedoruk Oleksandr S. , Vizniuk Volodymyr V.
Published: October 2020

The aim of our work was to make analysis of world literature that develops a problem of impact of environment on male reproductive health.
Materials and methods: We analyzed the bibliography available, until January 2020, about influence of different exogenic factors on male reproductive system.
Conclusions: The biggest influence of ionizing radiation on mankind was reached after two big catastrophes: Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in April 1986 and an accident on the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011. However, impact of ionizing radiation on male reproductive in literature still remains controversy that needs more detailed study. Lead influences on such sperm parameters, as sperm morphology, count, motility, semen volume. So, specific attention should be paid to the type of work routinely performed by man. Another one environmental factor that has negative influence is a heat. It effects on sperm morphology and motility.
PROFESSOR VOLODYMYR FAVRE: PUBLIC HEALTH PERSONALITY AND CITIZEN (ON THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS DEATH)
Authors: Robak Ihor Yu. , Alkov Volodymyr A. , Demochko Hanna L. , Chernukha Oleksandr V.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the research is to create a chronological outline of the life and work of V. Favre, highlighting the most important facts. His medical and social activity in practical health care is emphasized as well.
Materials and methods: The research is based on methodological approaches used for systematic analysis of the historical process and the medicine representative as an integral part of historical and medical knowledge. A biographical approach is the main approach used herein. Phenomenological and paradigmatic approaches provide the necessary scientific tools to recreate the atmosphere of the relevant time period, to reconstruct V. Favre’s outlook, to summarize his views, to determine his impact on public health development.
Conclusions: V. Favre was a prominent organizer and a scientist, a talented teacher and a public figure. He based his activity on promoting science in the wider circles. The doctor firmly believed that the future belonged to prophylactic medicine. For his short life span V. Favre managed to do many things to deserve an uncreated monument in the history of the city and public health of the whole country.
THREATENED MISCARRIAGE AND PREGNANCY LOSS: CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: Nepyivoda Oksana M. , Ryvak Tetiana B.
Published: October 2020

The aim is to examine the state of a miscarriage of pregnancy problem and approaches to its solution based on current Ukrainian and international experience; to investigate a relevant set of terms and their interpretations that are tangible to the above-mentioned problem.
Materials and methods: modern information sources available for miscarriage and pregnancy loss. System analysis, bibliographic, bibliosemantic, comparative-and-analytical methods were used.
Conclusions: A relevant set of terms and their interpretations tangential to the identified problem (n=13) have been researched. It was found that the achievement of rational pharmacotherapy in patients with the threat of miscarriage is complicated mainly by the presence of 4 factors: extragenital pathology, burdened obstetric-gynecological anamnesis, lack of adequate drugs and possibilities of their prescription, especially in the 1st half of pregnancy. Disregarding these factors when prescribing medicines increases the risk of drug-related problems occurrence, prolongation of hospitalization and the adverse outcome of treatment (miscarriage). The results of the analysis of available information flow have shown the existence of terminological ambiguity related to the threat of miscarriage, in particular, there are often the following terms: spontaneous abortion, threatened abortion etc. instead of miscarriage, the threatened miscarriage which are recommended by international experts both in native Ukrainian and foreign researches. Unintended use of inadequate terms, in particular, «pregnancy failure» may form negative influence on women, cause the exaggeration of their condition, induce the feeling of despair, guilt, uncertainty associated with loss of the pregnancy.
REVERSE BREECH EXTRACTION AT CESAREAN SECTION IN SECOND STAGE OF LABOR
Authors: Markin Leonid B. , Rachkevych Olena S. , Zhemela Olena M.
Published: October 2020

The aim: Taking into consideration the increase in the frequency of urgent C-sections in the second stage of labor and significant technical difficulties in the extraction of deeply impacted fetal head during this operation, the aim of our work was to analyze the current published biomedical data to identify the optimal technical strategies for conducting this type of surgical interventions.
Materials and methods: The search and analysis of current clinical data available in PubMed was performed. We analyzed 9 retrospective and randomized prospective studies with collected data from a total of 974 women (2002-2019).
Conclusions: Analysis of nine prospective and retrospective studies, comparing reverse breech extraction with abdominovaginal technique, revealed a significant advantage and safety of reverse breech extraction. This procedure has been associated with the decrease of traumatic uncontrolled extension of uterine incisions in 2.3-10 times, the time of surgical intervention decreased by 6.5-33 minutes, and intraoperative blood loss was less by 149.5-444 ml as compared with abdominovaginal delivery. Moreover, less intra- and postoperative complications were observed. In conclusion, reverse breech extraction during cesarean section with impacted fetal head is a safe delivery technique that helps to significantly decrease the incidence of maternal complications.
STATE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROBLEM OF ORAL CAVITY ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM
Authors: Dobrovolska Oksana V. , Hasiuk Nataliia V. , Klytynska Oksana V. , Zaliznyak Marta S. , Antonyshyn Iryna V. , Pogoretska Khrystyna V. , Patskan Ludmila A.
Published: October 2020

The aim: Analysis of literary sources with the study of modern views on the problem of the immune status of the oral mucosa.
Materials and methods: The review and analysis of scientific and medical literature for the years 2013-2019, based on Scopus databases, Web of Science, Med Line, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RIC.
Conclusions: Bacterial wall antigens are able to affect the local immune response of the oral mucosa. In particular, suppression of lymphocytes and macrophages proliferation, alteration of adhesion molecules expression and homing of the immune system cells to the inflammation site, inhibition of cytokine secretion by contact of the immune system cells with gram-positive bacteria is revealed. Therefore, studying the changes in the differentiation of the oral mucosa epithelium and periodontal tissues under the influence of environmental factors is of relevance. The conception of the oral cavity as a complex ecological system has not only theoretical but also practical value. Summarizing the data, we can say that at the current stage of science development the interaction of all structures should be considered, focusing on epitheliocytes of the oral mucosa, as a closing chain, which initiates changes that can affect the condition of the oral cavity and the results of pathological processes treatment of the oral cavity mucous membrane and periodontal tissues.
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS SURROUNDING SURROGACY IN UKRAINE
Authors: Reznik Oleg M. , Yakushchenko Yuliia M.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study is to analyze the legal framework regulating surrogacy relations in Ukraine, its main loopholes and collisions, and provide suggestions to improve the Ukrainian legislation on surrogacy.
Materials and methods: The methodological framework of the research consists of general methods of analysis and synthesis, formal logical method and formal legal method.
Conclusions: The procedure for the implementation of surrogacy in Ukraine is enshrined in several regulatory acts. Ukrainian legislation has some loopholes and collisions, representing the challenges that have to be addressed in the nearest future. It is necessary to reconsider the existing legal acts to strengthen state control and supervision in this area for proper protection of the rights and responsibilities of subjects entering surrogate agreements.
Mannheim Partner Curves According to Darboux Frame in the Euclidean 3-space E^3
Authors: YILDIRIM Abdullah , KAYA Feryat
Published: October 2020

In this study, we consider Mannheim partner curves according to Darboux Frame. Characterization of Mannheim partner curves lying on the surface are examined, and some curves are obtained. The characteristics of these curves are given by the geodesic curvatures, normal curvatures and geodesic torsions of these curves..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Why you should Mini-Med School: Mini-Med School as an intervention to increase health literacy
Authors: Shatenko Sergiy , Harder Samuel , Gair Jane
Published: October 2020

Background: Health literacy is an increasingly important topic in healthcare given that low health literacy is widely prevalent and linked to poorer health outcomes and higher healthcare costs. We sought to determine if a Mini-Med School delivered by medical students could prove to be an effective intervention to improve health literacy in the elderly.
Methods: This study took place in the context of the University of British Columbia Medical Doctorate Undergraduate Program’s Flexible and Enhanced Learning course. It aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Mini-Med School lecture series as an intervention to increase health literacy in 24 volunteer participants from the University of Victoria Retirees Association. This was a cross sectional study comparing health literacy pre- and post-intervention using the validated Health Literacy Questionnaire.
Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in 7 of 9 scales of health literacy when participants repeated the Health Literacy Questionnaire 6 weeks post-intervention as well as positive outcomes from both a student learning and community outreach perspective.
Discussion: This study demonstrates that a Mini-Med School program is an effective way to increase health literacy; adds to the minimal research surrounding Mini-Med Schools; and should further encourage Canadian medical schools to use Mini-Medical Schools as method of engagement and advocacy with their communities.
Journey into the unknown: Considering the international medical graduate perspective on the road to Canadian residency during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Gutman Arlene , Tellios Nikoleta , Sless Ryan Taylor , Najeeb Umberin
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous effect on education programs worldwide, including medical education. Particularly, International Medical Graduates (IMGs) planning to pursue residency training in Canada have been profoundly impacted. Cancellation of away electives, as well as changes to the format, timeline, and requirements of mandatory medical licensing exams has left IMG residency applicants in uncharted territory. Given that IMGs comprise up to 25% of the Canadian healthcare force, and often are based in underserviced areas, the licensure and eligibility of IMGs to continue to enter the Canadian healthcare force is of the utmost importance in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the pandemic evolves, it is imperative that key decision makers and stakeholders continue to consider the downstream effect for IMGs and their eligibility to practice in Canada.
Medical education advances and innovations: A silver lining during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mehta Nishila , Sayed Céline , Sharma Rishi , Do Victor
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare processes substantially including medical education, necessitating several changes along the spectrum of medical training. While this crisis presents major challenges to medical education, it is also an immense opportunity for innovation. In this commentary, Canadian medical students cast a spotlight on four domains of Canadian medical education which have seen substantial changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: medical school admissions, pre-clerkship content delivery, virtual care and telemedicine curricula, and the residency matching process. Using the 10 recommendations noted in the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada (AFMC) 2010 Future of Medical Education in Canada report as a guiding framework, we discuss why these changes represent key steps forward that should be preserved in medical education beyond the pandemic, and advocate for a continuous quality improvement approach to evaluate and implement these innovations.
El hombre y la familia: Su matrimonio y organización político-social en Q'ero
Authors: Núñez del Prado Óscar
Published: October 2020

La expedición debía estar integrada casi en su totalidad, por especialistas de la Universidad Nacional del Cuzco, y es así cómo, salió de esta ciudad, con el personal siguiente: Un Geógrafo, el Doctor Marino Escobar Moscoso. Un Folklorista, el Doctor Efraín Morote Best; Un Arquéologo, el Dcotor Manuel Chávez Ballón; Un Musicólogo, el señor Josafat Roel Pineda; Un Ayudante de Arqueología, el señor Luis Barreda Murillo; Un Ayudante de Folklore, el señor Demetrio Roca; Un Fotógrafo, el señor Malcolm K. Burke; Un Redactor de "La Prensa", el señor Demetrio Tupac Yupanqui; Un Antropólogo Social, Jefe de la Expedición, el que os habla.
El cambio de la suerte
Authors: Lira Jorge A.
Published: October 2020

Nuestro patrimonio cultural peruano sigue disperso en todo el área territorial. Aún no se hace una recopilación sistemática ni en escala nacional. Necesitamos urgentemente movilizarnos todos los estudiosos a fin de no permitir que se pierda nuestra fisonomía como país y como cultura. Precisa conversar, a toda costa, la identidad popular indígena que da sello peculiarísimo a todo lo valioso que sobrevive en nuestros grupos étnicos, incontaminados, pues una serie de amenazas le rodea, pugnando por su desfiguración. Preservar esa rica herencia de nuestra población aborigen es nuestra obligación, bajo pena de responsabilizarnos cada uno que sentimos a lo peruano los valores del Perú, despojándonos de prejuicios exclusivistas. Primero está nuestra auténtica personalidad nacional enjoyada del precioso caudal de valores espirituales y tradicionales.
La novena al Señor de Qoyllur R'iti
Authors: Ramírez Juan Andrés
Published: October 2020

En las estancias de Ocongate, por el sector de Mahuayani, vivía un indígena apellidado Mayta, propietario de un buen número de ganado auquénido. Su estancia estaba situada en las hoyadas del nevado de Sinakara, al pie del majestuoso nevado de Qolqepunku, brazos de las elevadas y frías crestas del Ausangate, donde el pastor indómito y tímido compone sus tristes huaynos con las notas doloridas de su qena.
Valores culturales de los Aymaras
Authors: Llanque Chana Domingo
Published: October 2020

Desde que el hombre blanco ha llegado al Nuevo Mundo ha considerado al hombre americano como un ser raro y enigmático.
Temible Ñapaq?
Authors: Manya Juan Antonio
Published: October 2020

En la historia de los pueblos, existen ciertas creencias, que se arrastran, desde los tiempos del incario, como legendaria tradición, que en las más de las veces, son ficticias, que atribuyen cualidades físicas, intelectuales y técnicas extraordinarias, a seres creados por la imaginación. Es así, que el "Ñak'aq", los condenados, aukis, diablo, sirenas, etc., son temas que ciertas personas han sabido aprovechar y darle el colorido de acuerdo a las circunstancias, aunque hacen sufrir constantemente modificaciones, unas veces mutilaciones y otras agregaciones a la narración primigenia.
El Despacho
Authors: Dalle Luis
Published: October 2020

En los Departamentos de la Sierra del Perú: Apurimac, Cuzco, Puno, en el campo, perdura el rito llamado: Servicio a la Pachamama o pago a la tierra o mesakuy o alcanzo. Consiste esencialmente en pagar tributo a la Madre Tierra en consideración por los frutos que nos dá, ofreciéndole artículos de primera necesidad así como bebidas alcohólicas.
Framing of Pak-Afghan Relations by Elite Pakistani and American Press during PMLN Government (2013-2018)
Authors: Yousaf Dr. Zahid , Sarwar Dr. Muhammad Haseeb , Ali Ehtisham
Published: October 2020

The study Framing of Pak-Afghan Relations by Pakistani and American Press during PMLN Government (2013-2018) is focused to analyze the Pak-Afghan relations as both countries are neighbors sharing a long border on one hand and is focus of the international powers since decades due to cold war and the war on terrorism after 9/11 attacks in the United States. The study is focused to analyze that how the elite Pakistani and American press frames the relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan during the PMLN government that is from June 2013 to May 2018. For the study the elite English newspapers of the two countries Pakistan and United States were selected. Dawn and The News were selected from Pakistan and The Washington Post and The New York Times were selected from US. The editorials of selected newspapers were analyzed in this study using content analysis method. The study is supported by agenda setting theory focusing on the media agenda and the framing concept.Four categories discussing terrorism, US as factor in Pak-Afghan relations; the Pakistani and American stance on the Pak-Afghan bilateral relations are analyzed in three directions positive, negative and neutral. The study concludes that the elite Pakistani press has given more coverage to Pak-Afghan relations than US press whereas both Pakistani and US press has framed Pak-Afghan relations negatively.
Analysis of Perception of the listeners of BBC and VOA on the Pak-Afghan Border
Authors: Rahman Dr. Syed Inam ur
Published: October 2020

The study evaluated perception and opinion of the listeners of international radio services – British Broadcast Corporation (BBC) and Voice of America (VOA) – for Pakistan and Afghanistan listeners in their regional language i.e. Pushto. Similarly, Focused Group Discussions were held to analyze the nature of reporting of these two broadcasters and to eke out a strategy for constructive coverage of the war on terror. The results of the study showed that that majority of population living in border areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan, do not appreciate the involvement of outsiders in their matter but still there is a great scope for international broadcasters to shape the opinion of local as less than fifty percent population is still in the favor of West and perceived it as friendly. It was revealed that radio listeners of BBC and VOA in Pakistan and Afghanistan are in favor of using force against terrorism and militant groups. Contrary to that, they do believe the content of the BBC and VOA radio is leading them astray because the ground realities are different and these channels are portraying it differently. The researchers identified an array of issues that characterize reporting of these two broadcasters. These include serving the strategic interests of US and UK, propaganda and mass persuasion. The experts agreed that due to lack of alternative source of information in the border regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan was the key reason for the popularity of both BBC and VOA
Turkish Television Drama in Pakistan:
Effects on University Students
Authors: Hameed Muhammad Basharat , Niaz Dr. Babrak , Adnan Dr. Malik
Published: October 2020

This study attempts to investigate the effects of Turkish drama on University students. Drama plays influential role in changing life style of its audience. Through drama viewers come to know the diverse values of different cultures and it has a different effect on different audience. University level students are more expose to media especially with television drama and current study is an attempt to gauge the effects of Turkish drama on youth. The students of Punjab University Lahore, GC University Faisalabad, University of Gujrat and The Islamia University of Bahawalpur are selected as respondents. The study is qualitative and quantitative in nature and non-probability sampling technique is used for data collection. Questionnaires were distributed in 400 respondents and hypotheses were also constituted to envisage the general perception. The data collected through questionnaire accepted two hypothesis while on of the hypothesis was rejected. The study finding states that Turkish dramas are good source of entertainment but these dramas are not challenging basic teachings of Islam and it has made no effects on our norms. On the basis of findings, suitable recommendations are suggested.
ANALISIS ADVERSITY QUOTIENT DAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DENGAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI SEBAGAI INTERVENING TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KARYAWAN
Authors: Syamsuri Abd. Rasyid , Halim Abd. , Darvita Dilla
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh adversity quotient dan komunikasi interpersonal dengan komitmen organisasi sebagai Intervening terhadap produktvitas karyawan. Penelitian ini kami lakukan di PT. Gloria Jaya Sejahtera Medan-Indonesia dengan pengumpulan data melalui pendekatan survei yang menyebar kuesioner kepada 40 karyawan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, kuesioner dan observasi. Alat analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan software Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) dan Stuctural Equation Model (SEM) dengan SmartPLS (Partial Least Square). Pengujian dengan model struktural (inner model) dapat diperoleh bahwa nilai R square untuk variabel komitmen organisasi (Z) dan produktivitas karyawan (Y) dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel adverstiy quotient (X1), dan komunikasi interpersonal (X2), sebesar 75,3%, dan 83,3 % sedangkan sisanya dijelaskan oleh varibel lain. Untuk uji kesesuain model (uji goodness of fit) dapat diketahui bahwa nilai Q2 = 0,958 > 0 yang berarti model penelitian adversity quotient (X1), komunikasi interpersonal (X2), komitmen organisasi (Z), dan produktivitas karyawan (Y) di PT. Gloria Jaya Sejahtera Medan memiliki kesesuaian. Hasil penelitian dengan uji-t dapat diketahui bahwa adversity quotient berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi dengan nilai t satistik sebesar 1,069 lebih kecil dari t-tabel 1,96, komunikasi interpersonal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi dengan nilai t satistik sebesar 4,259 lebih besar dari t-tabel 1,96, adversity quotient berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap produktvitas karyawan dengan nilai t satistik sebesar 2,632 lebih besar dari t-tabel 1,96, komunikasi interpersonal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produktvitas kerja karyawan dengan nilai t satistik sebesar 2,900 lebih besar dari t-tabel 1,96, komitmen organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produktvitas karyawan dengan nilai t satistik sebesar 4,399 lebih besar dari t-tabel 1,96.
Percepções e crenças de autoeficácia no trabalho com matemática e Resolução de Problemas na Educação Infantil
Authors: Tortora Evandro , Pirola Nelson Antonio
Published: October 2020

Este estudo teve por objetivo interpretar as crenças de autoeficácia de professoras da Educação Infantil e suas percepções sobre resolução de problemas frente ao trabalho com conhecimentos matemáticos nas práticas com as crianças. Por meio de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos, fez-se a análise das respostas das docentes frente a uma escala de autoeficácia (respondida por 115 professoras) e de um questionário aberto (respondido por 55 professoras). Os resultados apontaram que as professoras têm crenças de autoeficácia positivas com relação ao trabalho com matemática na Educação Infantil e com o trabalho com a resolução de problemas, porém, apresentaram percepções sobre resolução de problemas que divergem do referencial teórico, as quais se aproximam do senso comum, indicando a necessidade do desenvolvimento de programas de formação continuada que abordem diferentes formas de se trabalhar com resolução de problemas na Educação Infantil.
Differentiated Support of the EU Enlargement in the Public Opinion: A Multivariate LISREL Analysis
Authors: Tománková Veronika
Published: October 2020

This paper provides an analysis of the public opinion in the EU countries concerning further enlargement. Public opinion plays an important role in the current integration processes and is an integral part of the research concerning the European Union. The differentiation in the support for the EU enlargement across 25 countries can be explained by the multivariate LISREL (linear structural equations) analysis that makes possible to identify a causal system through the explanatory model. The model includes structural and public opinion variables in the set of the twenty-five EU member states. Multivariate statistical analysis shows a low public opinion support for the EU enlargement in rich states and, on the other hand, a clear support in a group of post-communist member states.
Regional dimension of fiscal policy on the example of public investment expenditures in Czechia
Authors: Macešková Marie
Published: October 2020

This article deals with a relatively new theme - that ofterritorial impacts analysis of fiscal policy, or more precisely of implicit regional policy. The nature of public finance regional distribution within fiscal policy has essential regional impacts and implications for regional development. The reason for this statement embodies in the fact that the volume of finance allocated within fiscal policy is several times higher than the one distributed within explicit regional policy. A unique database, including the investment expenditures of the state budget during the period 1995-2003, is used for the purpose of regional analysis. A hypothesis on extremely uneven regional distribution of public capital expenditures in favour of the most socioeconomically developed regions is tested. Furthermore, it is presumed that regional allocation of these financial resources is in accordance with principles of the strategic form of regional policy. Finally, regional analysis of expenditures of the selected state extra-budget funds is undertaken.
Geoecological regularities of landscape use. Case study from the source area of the Konopišťský Potok brook
Authors: Brabec Pavel , Lipský Zdeněk
Published: October 2020

The paper deals with the topic of landscape use and its relations to natural and societal conditions of the landscape. The problem has been solved as a case study on the example of the upper part of the catchment of the Konopišťský Potok brook in the Central Bohemian Highland. The catchment under investigation of the total area of about 15 sq. km is situated 60 km south of Prague. Land use ofthe whole model territory has been mapped in the field on the scale 1:10 000. Based on the detailed mapping and knowledge of the natural (physicogeographic) conditions, geoecological regularities and relations of present land use to natural conditions valid in the model area have been derived. Consequently, geological, geomorphological, soil, hydrological and biotic factors influencing current land use have been assessed and described both separately and in mutual combinations and relations.
Impact of selected political and institutional factors on Czech agriculture and landscape
Authors: Kabrda Jan , Jančák Vít
Published: October 2020

In this article, we focused on the influence of two institutional factors - EU subsidies and supports, and system of ownership and lease of agricultural land - on the state and changes of agriculture and land use in Czechia after its accession to the EU in 2004. This assessment was based on a series of questionnaires and interviews with farmers and other actors involved, conducted recently in two model regions: Český Brod in the fertile lowland of Central Bohemia; and Sněžné in less favoured natural conditions of the Bohemian-Moravian Highland. Firstly, we concentrated on market conditions, economic viability and effects of and problems related to the system of supports and subsidies destined for the Czech agricultural sector after 2004. Special attention was devoted to grassing. Secondly, we discussed the contrast between ownership and use of land - the fact that most of the Czech agricultural land is currently leased. We tried to define negative effects of this fact, both for farming and for landscape - e.g. uncertainty about the future, unwillingness to invest into leased plots, or weak relationship of farmers to land.
Landscape typology in Czechia and abroad: State of the art, methods and theoretical basis
Authors: Lipský Zdeněk , Romportl Dušan
Published: October 2020

The main goal of this paper is to introduce the importance of landscape typology in present times when many landscapes are exposed to dynamic human impacts such as land use changes, urbanization, intensive agriculture, forestry or industrialization. Different approaches to landscape typology in Czechia and other European countries as well as relations of landscape typology to landscape character assessment and the European Landscape Convention are discussed. A requirement of a new exact and applicable landscape typology is a great challenge for Czech geographers.