bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les bastides du bailliage de Nay (Pyrénées-Atlantiques)
Authors: Valois Jean-Paul
Published: April 2023

Le bailliage de Nay en Béarn (Pyrénées-Atlantiques) comporte sept bastides créées depuis la seconde moitié du XIIIe siècle et jusque vers 1350 dans une zone dominée par l’économie pastorale extensive. Sont étudiés dans cet article la localisation des implantations, le plan des zones d’habitat, les surfaces allouées pour la mise en culture, les redevances demandées. Suivent enfin quelques remarques sur le développement de la population après les créations. Ces approches suggèrent un aménagement du territoire où l’implantation des bastides se fait successivement selon plusieurs modèles, les relations avec les communautés rurales traditionnelles jouant probablement un rôle important. La date tardive d’implantation de ces bastides paraît notamment éclairée par ce contexte interprétatif.
Les représentants de l’autorité publique dans le Midi toulousain face à la Grande Peur de 1789
Authors: Vignolles Henri
Published: April 2023

Since the famous study of Georges Lefebvre, the Great Fear of 1789 symbolizes the entry of peasants in the Revolutionary process. Many historians consider that the terrifying rumors of the summer of 1789, deeply anti-aristocratic, mobilized peasants against lords and the old order. This study aims at showing that peasants were not the only actors of the Great Fear, a finding that has many consequences on its general
Les villas romaines des cités arverne et vellave. Bilan historiographique et archéologique
Authors: Sadourny Elliott
Published: April 2023

Une étude critique de la documentation archéologique et bibliographique menée dans le cadre d’un Master 2 a permis de réaliser un bilan historiographique de la recherche sur l’habitat rural en Auvergne et de constituer pour la première fois un inventaire méthodique des villas romaines des cités arverne et vellave. Le dépouillement de la documentation a mené à une classification empirique permettant de proposer une spatialisation du semis des villas. Parmi les études thématiques ébauchées à cette occasion, il a été possible de revenir sur le territoire proche d’Augustonemetum/ Clermont-Ferrand où se concentrent les recherches sur les villas.
Clinical, Endoscopic, Histopathological Characteristics Of Colorectal Polyps In Adults At Gastroenterology – Endoscopy Center, Hue University Of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital
Authors: Nguyen Van Thu Ha , Nguyen Phan Hong Ngoc
Published: April 2023

Background: Colorectal polyps are relatively common diseases in the group of lower gastrointestinal tract diseases. The prevalence of colorectal polyps ranges from 20 to 50%. Polyps are formed due to excessive hyperplasia of the mucosa and the malignancy rate of colorectal polyps is higher than other sites. Target: Describe some clinical, endoscopy and histopathology characteristics. Subjects: The patients aged 16 years old and older who were diagnosed colon polyps at the Center for Gastroenterology - Endoscopy at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from April 1st, 2020 to April 30th, 2021. Methods: Crosssectional, retrospective description. Results: The mean age was 55.8 ± 15.7 years old, the most common age was ≥ 45 years old, male/female was 2/1. The common clinical symptoms: abdominal pain (83.6%), diarrhea
(29.9%), constipation (28.4%), dysentery syndrome (13.4%), bloody stools (31.3%). The position of polyps: anus (1.5%), rectum (47.8%), sigmoid colon (40.3%), descending colon (31.3%), transverse colon (22.4%), ascending colon (28.4)%), cecum (13.4%). The proportion of patients ≥ 2 polyps (59.7%), 1 polyp (40.3%). Polyp sizes: 5 - < 10 mm (50.7%), < 5 mm (37.4%), ≥ 10 mm (11.9%). The percentage of sessile polyps was higher than that of pedunculated polyps at each locations. Histopathological types: adenomatous polyps (60.4%), hyperplastic polyps (35.4%), malignant polyps (4.2%). Polyps with dysplasia (64.6%), mild - grade dysplasia (56.3%), severe-grade dysplasia (8.3%). The differences were statistically significant between the grade of dysplasia and the polyp size groups, between the histopathology and the grade of dysplasia (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Colorectal polyps are more common in patients ≥ 45 years old, male are much more than female. Abdominal pain, bloody stools are common symptoms. Common polyp phenotypes are sessile polyps, ≥ 2 polyps, 5 - < 10 mm in size, mainly in the rectum. Adenomatous polyps are the most common histopathological type, with the high rate of dysplasia
Key words: clinical, endoscopy, histopathology, colorectal polyps
The Effect of COVID-19 Infection on Male Fertility: A Narrative Review
Authors: Taqvaee Elahe , Hesam Mohammad Javad , Hajeb Ali , Apourvari Amir Norouzi , Latifi Masoomeh , Fallahi Soghra
Published: April 2023

The emergence of a new coronavirus, officially referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 ), has challenged all healthcare workers and clinicians worldwide. The presence of the virus in biological fluids including the semen has raised some concerns about infertility treatment. There is evidence that SARS-CoV-2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can damage the male reproductive system following the inflammatory process caused by the cytokine storm. However, the direct and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on fertility and the reproductive capacity of the human testis are still open to controversy. The lasting presence of the virus, even after a complete recovery, can increase the risk of sexual transmission and adversely affect the male reproductive system, sexual function, and fertility. Therefore, there is a need for a careful assessment of reproductive organs and testicular function in male patients. This study aimed to evaluate the invasive effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the testis and male reproduction.
Effects of Intravenous Anesthesia on the Plasma Glucose Level During Cataract Surgery Among Patients With Type II Diabetes
Authors: Nasrollahi Kobra , Naghibi Khosrou , Rezaei Leila
Published: April 2023

Background: High blood sugar is a typical reaction to stress. In the diabetic population, hyperglycemia can be a serious issue and has been linked to higher mortality rates. Recent studies have shown that anesthetics reduced glucose tolerance; however, it is still unclear how propofol, ketamine, and thiopental of Na affect glucose metabolism. The present study compared the blood glucose levels of thiopental of Na, ketamine, and propofol among patients with cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: The study included 135 ASA II and III adult patients of both genders who were older than 65, known to have type II diabetes, receiving intravenous (IV) sedation, and scheduled for cataract surgery. The three groups were comparable with regard to patients, age, gender, weight, duration of the operation time, duration of recovery time, duration of diabetes, and anesthesiologist’s physical status (based on the American Society of Anesthesiology). Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups, including receiving IV thiopental of Na 5 mg/kg/h (group T), ketamine 2 mg/kg/h (group K), or propofol 2 mg/kg/h (group P) after the induction of IV sedation with 1-2 mic/kg fentanyl and 0.03 mg/kg midazolam. Changes in blood glucose levels were examined as dependent variables in patients with cataract surgeries while under the influence of these medications up to 6 hours after. Results: The results showed that blood glucose concentrations increased significantly over time in all groups. Moreover, blood glucose concentrations did not differ significantly between the groups receiving the thiopental of Na ketamine or propofol at any measurement time. During the first post-administrative hour, the thiopental of Na, ketamine, and propofol groups demonstrated blood glucose levels of 114.2±16.24 mg/dL, 136.2±12.28 mg/dL, and 122.2±13.84 mg/dL, which were not statistically significant (P=0.72). Regarding the frequency and severity of blood glucose level changes during or after surgery, the groups did not significantly differ at any point in time. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that the thiopental of Na, ketamine, and propofol have equal effects on glucose metabolism.
Prevalence of Obesity and its Associated Factors Among the 35-70-Year-Old Population of Bandare-Kong: A Cross-sectional Survey (Findings of the Persian Cohort Study)
Authors: Bahri Sara , Kheirandish Masoumeh , Rafati Shideh , Nejatizadeh Azim , Shahbazi Roghayeh , Zoghi Ghazal , Davoudi Seyed Hossein , Shareghi Brojeni Masoud , Hajiabdolrassouli Ladan
Published: April 2023

Background: Obesity is a major health problem in many countries such as Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their associated risk factors in Bandare-Kong, Hormozgan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey included 3921 participants of the Bandare-Kong Cohort Study (BKNCD). Their baseline data were used for analysis. General obesity was defined as the body mass index (BMI)≥30 kg/m2 and overweight as 25≤BMI<30. Central obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC)≥95 cm. Results: The prevalence of overweight, general, and central obesity was 39%, 24%, and 30.5%, respectively. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=5.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.74-6.96 and aOR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.34-2.16), hypertension (aOR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.81-3.26 and aOR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.52), and hypertriglyceridemia (aOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.31-2.38 and aOR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.05-1.51) were significantly associated with both general and central obesity. Higher WC (aOR=503.89, 95% CI: 331.76-765.32), higher calorie intake (aOR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04), and urban residency (aOR=2.99, 95% CI: 2.06-4.32) were correlated with general obesity. BMI≥25 kg/m² (aOR=46.81, 95% CI: 35.53-61.67), higher fasting plasma glucose (aOR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04), older age (aOR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04) and being unemployed (aOR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.18-1.89) were significantly associated with central obesity. Conclusion: Overall, a significant correlation was found among female gender, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia with general and central obesity in this study. Given the high prevalence of obesity in this population, regional public health authorities should take appropriate measures to reduce these rates in order to prevent obesity-associated complications.
Investigating Laboratory Biochemical Factors in Different Types of Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Bandani Tarashoki Zeinab , Kamyari Naser , Zahedi Atefeh , Hazbenejad Alireza , Ban Maryam , Kanani Khadijeh , Radmanesh Esmat
Published: April 2023

Background: Due to the destructive effect of cardiovascular disease on vital organs, the study of laboratory biochemical factors in the most common heart diseases is essential to accelerate the treatment of cardiovascular patients. Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional and analytical. By referring to the hospital information system of educational hospitals of the Abadan University of Medical Sciences, the necessary information of 565 patients with cardiovascular diseases (e.g., demographic information and laboratory diagnostic markers) from March 21, 2019, to March 19, 2020, was extracted through the hospital information system and completed checklist. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22. Results: In this study, fasting blood sugar (FBS), international normalized ratio (INR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total bilirubin, creatine kinase (CK)- MB, and prothrombin time (PT) were higher than normal in patients with cardiovascular diseases. SGOT was significantly different between age groups (P=0.006), and the highest value was observed in the age group over 75 years. Moreover, FBS was significantly different between the male and female groups (P=0.002). Conclusion: FBS and some diagnostic markers such as renal markers, liver, coagulation, and inflammatory markers are abnormal in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Patients Referred to Sina Hospital in Hamadan in 2018
Authors: Khazaei Mojtaba , Ghasemi Fatemeh , Mazdeh Mehrdokht , Khanlarzadeh Elham , Ghiasian Masoud
Published: April 2023

Background and aims: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has several types, some of which damage myelin and some others cause axonal damage. Detecting the type of GBS is important in determining the type of treatment and its prognosis. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of GBS and its variants in patients referred to Sina hospital in Hamadan, Iran, in 2018. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 51 patients who were admitted to Sina hospital and diagnosed with GBS in 2018 were examined. Demographic data, GBS type, disease outcomes, and pre-clinical and clinical findings of patients were collected. Data were then analyzed using the Stata software version 12, and P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 51 investigated patients, 34 (66.66%) were male. The most common variant type was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) with 27.45% of cases followed by acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) with 19.61% of cases. Further, the highest average hospitalization days (11.1±11.7 days) were for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) patients, while the lowest (6.85±1.91 days) was for AIDP patients (P<0.001). All CIDP cases occurred in spring, and 71.43% of AIDP cases occurred in summer. Moreover, all 7 cases with acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) syndrome and the only case with the miller-fisher syndrome (MFS) occurred in fall (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, most variants of GBS in Hamadan province were AIDP in demyelinating form and AMAN variant in the axonal deterioration form. However, studies with a larger sample size are recommended in the west of Iran to better understand the epidemiology and to ensure common types of GBS.
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Patients With Urinary Tract Infection in Tehran, Iran, in 2021
Authors: Bokaie Saied , Fakhri Demeshghieh Aliasghar , Mosa Farkhani Ehsan , Shokri Abolghasem
Published: April 2023

Background and aims: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are intense public health problems and are precipitated by a variety of pathogens. This study was performed to determine the frequency of bacterial agents of UTIs and the antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli in urinary culture samples of patients at Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on all urinary tract cultures from January 2021 to January 2022 at Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani hospital in Tehran, Iran. Urine culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Statistical analyses were performed by appropriate descriptive and inferential tests such as the chi-square test using Stata version 17, and the level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of patients with E. coli was 50.2±1.8 (confidence interval=46.6-53.8) years, and their age range was between 6-87 years. The highest prevalence of infection occurred in men over 60 years of age and in women aged 40-60 years. Further, the highest resistance and the highest sensitivity were related to ceftazidime (CAZ) and cefotaxime (CTX), respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the highest resistance and sensitivity belonged to CAZ and CTX, respectively. In addition, CTX is the primary antibiotic prescribed to deal with UTIs in medical practice.
The Performance of Antigen-detecting Rapid Diagnostic Test Among COVID-19 Outbreaks in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Hatta Hazlienor , Fuzi Nik Mohd Hafiz Mohd , Sulaiman Suhaiza , Muhammad Abdul Haris , Hussin Zaini
Published: April 2023

Background and aims: Accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks. Antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) are easily accessible and affordable, producing rapid results. They are an alternative to the limited gold-standard real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) tests. This study assessed the performance of Ag-RDTs for COVID-19 outbreaks in institutional settings with high disease prevalence in Kelantan State, Malaysia. Methods: This study analyzed a total of 303 individuals from five institutional outbreaks with paired nasopharyngeal specimens tested for COVID-19 by Ag-RDTs and rRT-PCR. The diagnostic performance of Ag-RDTs was evaluated through rRT-PCR as the gold standard based on cycle threshold (Ct) value, disease prevalence, and manufacturers. Results: There was a moderate agreement between Ag-RDTs and RT-PCR (κ=0.603; 95% CI: 0.520- 0.686; P<0.001). The overall specificity was 97.9% (95% CI: 94.1%-99.6%), sensitivity was 63.3% (95% CI: 55.3%-70.8%), accuracy Ag-RDTs was 81.2% (95% CI: 76.4%-85.5%), while positive and negative predictive value was 96.6% (95% CI: 90.2%-98.9%) and 74.1% (95% CI: 70.0%-77.9%), respectively. Further, lower median Ct was reported in 100 (33.0%) true-positive cases compared to 58 (19.1%) false-negative cases (20.3 vs 31.4, P<0.001). The sensitivity was higher (P<0.001) in those with high viral load (Ct value≤25.0) with better performance and a prevalence>10%. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the studied manufacturers. Conclusion: The Ag-RDTs performed well in diagnosing COVID-19 among outbreaks with higher viral load and disease prevalence. High-risk cases tested negative by Ag-RDTs may have low viral load and require confirmation by rRT-PCR.
A Study on the Relationship Between Happiness and Health Behaviors in Adolescents: Shahrekord 2019
Authors: Rezaie Ghazal , Moezzi Masoumeh , Lotfizadeh Masoud , Fathollahi Dehkordi Fariba
Published: April 2023

Background and aims: Recently, positive psychology has received increasing importance, and research has shown that higher levels of happiness reduce the risk of mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between happiness and health behaviors in adolescents in Shahrekord. Methods: In this cross-sectional-analytical study conducted in 2018-2019, 428 first and second cycle secondary school students were enrolled and filled out the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Health Behavior Questionnaire. Then, data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: The mean age of the participants was 15.42±1.59 (range: 12-18) years, and 158 (36.9%) of them were boys. The mean score of happiness was 48.34±18.98 out of 87 (range: 0-87), which is high. The mean score of health behaviors was calculated to be 12.21±1.66 out of 16 (range: 8-16), which is moderate. In addition, the mean happiness score was significantly associated with gender (P=0.001), education level (P=0.01), family income (P=0.001), living status with parents (P=0.015), and personal estimate of happiness status (P=0.001). Moreover, the mean score of health behaviors had a significant association with gender, educational district, education level, parents’ education level, birth order, income, and personal estimate of happiness (P<0.05). Further, scores on happiness and health behaviors were positively correlated with each other (r=0.391, P=0.001) and negatively correlated with age (r=-0.139, P=0.004). Conclusion: The levels of happiness among adolescent students were relatively good, their levels of health behaviors were moderate, and both of them were associated with each other and with demographic and socioeconomic variables. Accordingly, happiness should be promoted in society, particularly in students, to achieve a higher level of health-promoting behaviors.
Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life of Tuberculosis Patients in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Madukoma Ezinwanyi , Olayemi Olalekan Moses
Published: April 2023

Background and aims: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health disease threat in the world, particularly in Nigeria. The burden of TB infection could have a far-reaching effect on the psychological, physical, and social well-being of patients and consequently deterioration in their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Accordingly, this study examined the HRQOL of TB patients in directly observed therapy (DOT) centers in Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods: The survey design was used for the study, and a total of twelve public DOT Centers were chosen as the study sites. A sample size of 310 was obtained using the Taro Yamane formula. A structured and validated questionnaire was applied to collect data. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-BREF tool was employed to assess HRQOL. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software, version 23. Results: Based on the results, the overall status of the HRQOL of the studied TB patients was moderate (average weighted mean=2.48) on a 4-point scale. The finding of the study also highlighted the significant effect of TB on several domains of HRQOL. The psychological domain had the highest HRQOL score (x̅=2.60±0.64), while the environmental domain represented the lowest HRQOL score (x̅=2.31±0.63). Conclusion: Overall, the HRQOL of TB patients was at a moderate level. The disease had no negative impact on the HRQOL of TB patients across all domains. This finding calls upon strategies to ensure a healthy lifestyle and a conducive living physical environment.
Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines in Different Variants and Doses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Delam Hamed , Moghaddam Sara , Zare Reza
Published: April 2023

Background and aims: Today, with the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, we have witnessed many efforts by different countries to produce a vaccine for this disease. Each vaccine has been marketed with different efficiencies, thus this research was designed to determine the efficacy of different types of these vaccines in 2022. Methods: The present research was a systematic review. Researchers surveyed six international databases, including Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and the ISI Web of Science, in January 2022. After reviewing the titles and abstracts of articles, 60 articles entered the final stage, and their full texts were reviewed based on the study purpose. All the vaccines included in the study were approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) or the Ministry of Health of the manufacturer country in the third phase of the clinical trial. Results: All current vaccination platforms provide adequate protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARC-CoV-2) infection and significantly reduce the risk of serious infection. In addition, people who receive two vaccine doses have higher efficacy than those who only receive one dose of each vaccine. The results of the studies demonstrated that the effectiveness of vaccines is different in various groups and countries. According to the results of the reviewed studies, the Pfizer vaccine had an overall effect of 100% on the age group of 12-15 years. The overall effect of the Moderna vaccine varied from 78.6% to 97% in different groups. In general, the available vaccines for COVID-19 are less effective in the Omicron variant. On the other hand, it seems that the COVID-19 vaccines had better efficacy on the alpha variant. Conclusion: Overall, the vaccines used in the COVID-19 pandemic have acceptable efficacy. Although serious side effects caused by the injection of the vaccine have been rarely reported in some studies, it seems that the safety of these vaccines is acceptable in general.
Online Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: A Wake-up Call on the Educational Sector
Authors: Ajagbe Abayomi Oyeyemi , Akanji Onigbinde Oluwanisola , Oyeniran Oluwatosin Imoleayo , Chia Terkuma
Published: April 2023

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which emanated from Wuhan, China, and its successive spread across the globe had a tremendous impact on virtually all spheres of human endeavors such as economy, health, livelihood, and education amongst others. The widespread restrictions currently placed on movement and mass gatherings have made educational and academic activities to be grounded globally. In recent years, the concept of learning has gradually transformed from traditional classroom methods to online learning where students acquire knowledge through invisible classrooms. Most learning institutions in Africa may encounter difficulties in turning to this new form of learning due to the lack of information and communication technology (ICT) facilities of international standards. Although many students today possess internet-enabled devices, they cannot access the internet due to unaffordable data subscriptions, which have made most learners use their devices for non-educational purposes. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the African continent, the possibility to re-open the schools remains bleak. Thus, governments, authorities, and regulatory bodies in individual countries must improve their existing ICT infrastructures for a better online learning experience. This paper serves as a wake-up call for Africa and its educational sector to transit to online learning.
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of PLGA-Based Nanoparticles Modified With Chitosan-Folic Acid for Delivering Artemisia vulgaris Essential Oil
Authors: Alirezaei Mohadese , Ghobeh Maryam , Yousefi Ehsan , Es-haghi Ali
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Many diseases associated with oxidative stress threaten human health, exaggerated by antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections due to the increasing use of antibiotics. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of a nanoemulsion prepared from Artemisia vulgaris essential oil (EO). Methods: Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in this study. The disk diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were used to investigate the antibacterial properties of the synthesized NPs. In addition, the microdilution method was utilized to examine the antimicrobial properties of the synthetic substance. Inhibitory concentrations (MIC and MBC) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the nanoemulsion was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazyl biochemical method. Results: The findings of this study demonstrated that the synthesized NPs had significant growth inhibitory effects against Gram-positive bacteria with considerable inhibition of growth being observed for S. aureus and M. luteus. Conclusion: In general, Artemisia EO seems to be beneficial for treating bacterial infections owing to its antimicrobial properties and antioxidant effects. Further therapeutic applications of this EO as a potential drug carrier are yet to be divulged in future studies.
Notch-regulated Ankyrin Repeat Protein Is Overexpressed in Different Subtypes of Breast Cancer
Authors: Nazarian Parsa , Rajabibazl Masoumeh , Poodineh Jafar
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease that has been classified into several subtypes at the molecular level, each with a distinct outcome. Recently, Notch-regulated ankyrin-repeat protein (NRARP), a gene expressed followed by Notch signal activation, has attracted interest due to its aberrant expression in different types of cancer. Accordingly, this study evaluated the expression levels of NRARP in different subtypes of BC. Methods: The MCF-7, SKBR3, MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-231 human BC cell lines, which represent the luminal, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, basal A, and basal B subtypes, respectively, as well as MCF-10A as a normal breast epithelial cell for comparison, were selected and grown in the appropriate medium. The relative expression of NRARP in BC cell lines was then determined using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: The results of the qRT-PCR demonstrated that the expression level of NRARP in all BC cell lines was significantly higher than that of the normal breast epithelial cells (P<0.05). However, the significance was more noteworthy in luminal, HER2-overexpressing, and basal A (7.72, 5.81, and 4.6 folds, respectively). Conclusion: NRARP is a potential target gene for further interventional studies due to its abnormal expression in different subtypes of BC.
Therapeutic Aspects on Mycobacterium: Mycobacterial Cell-Envelope as a Target for Drug Development
Authors: Ghazaei Ciamak
Published: April 2023

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative factor of tuberculosis (TB) infections, has an atypical outer membrane mostly consisting of lipids with long-chain and branched fatty acids termed mycolic acids. These lipids establish a permeability barrier that inhibits numerous environmental solutes from entering the bacteria, making them acid-fast and enabling them to thrive in harsh environments. To meet their target, anti-TB drugs need to penetrate this layer. This review focuses on drug development initiatives that have contributed to TB drug development, lipids’ roles in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis, and recently made fresh remarkable progress in developing novel lead chemical compounds that target their biosynthesis metabolisms. Selective bacterial membrane targeting as a promising therapeutic approach against persistent infectious diseases such as TB has been proposed in this review study.
Recent Applications of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles as Cancer Theranostic Agents
Authors: Rezaei Masoud , Khoshgard Karim , Mohammadi Sara
Published: April 2023

In medicine, the application of nanotechnology is related to the use of nanoscale materials to improve and develop new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Due to the unique physicochemical and optical characteristics of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), such as high biocompatibility, surface properties, and relative stability, they have been widely investigated for medical purposes, particularly as a theranostic agent in cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review concentrates on current progress in the applications of TiO2 nanostructures in cancer diagnosis and treatment domains. Studies have shown that TiO2 NPs can be promising in various medical imaging techniques. In the field of cancer treatment, researchers have evaluated the ability of TiO2 NPs in up-to-date therapeutic approaches, including drug delivery, sonodynamic, photodynamic, photothermal, and ionizing radiation therapies. In the current review, we focus on the ability of TiO2 NPS as a radiation sensitizer to improve the efficiency of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Finally, according to the studies that have been conducted on controlling and optimizing the factors involved in the TiO2 NP radiosensitization, the mechanism of TiO2 NPs in producing the radiosensitivity effect has been discussed.
Effects of Ethanol on Contraction Strength of Chick Neck Striatum Muscle Following Electrical Stimulation of the Nerve
Authors: Poorheidari Gholamreza , Mashhadi Akbar Boojar Mahdi
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Ethanol is a suitable solvent for many in vivo and ex vivo studies. However, it can interfere with normal muscle contraction and make variations in the results. Contrary to the present study, previous investigations revealed the suppressant effect of ethanol on muscle contraction. Methods: This study was based on an isolated chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle using the twitch tension recording technique. Nerve and muscle complexes were exposed to several concentrations of ethanol (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM), and impulses were recorded. Results: Twitch height increased in time and dose-dependent manner, and the concentration of 500 mM of ethanol after 30 minutes revealed the most elevation of muscle impulses. Conclusion: The potential effects of ethanol on striated muscle contraction are important and should be considered in studies using ethanol as a solvent.
Premarital Screening for Thalassemia Among Young Adults: A Study in Zabol, Sistan and Baluchistan Province of Iran
Authors: Sargazi-Aval Omolbanin , Shahraki Hojat , Khiabani Alireza , Rahgoshay Mahsa , Rahimi Ghahroudi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: April 2023

Introduction: There is a high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies, including thalassemia, in Sistan and Baluchistan province of Iran. It is important to appropriately screen young adults to control the birth of new cases of thalassemia. In many less-equipped centers, this practice only relies on cell blood count. This study investigated the hematological parameters of young adults referring to the Central Laboratory of Sistan, Zabol, for premarital screening for thalassemia. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Zabol, Sistan and Baluchistan province of Iran from August 2020 to August 2021. Complete blood count (CBC) parameters of 2926 young adults were collected using a Sysmex KX-21 device and were compared with available reference intervals according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Results: The means of women’s and men’s age were 38.84±16.32 and 36.64±14.14 years, respectively. The average values for each parameter in the studied population were red blood cell (RBC) (4.78±0.55), hemoglobin (13.19±2.46 g/dL), hematocrit (40.11±3.57%), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (85.16±28.33), neutrophil (52.12±9.98), lymphocyte (37.84±9.03), mixed leukocytes (10.00±3.51), platelets (244.02±62.32). The mean values of hemoglobin (14.48±5.17 vs. 12.69±1.39 g/dL), hematocrit (43.01±3.89 vs. 38.97±3.45%), serum ferritin (115.4±74.3 vs. 69.20±12.36 g/dL), total iron-binding capacity (316.84±1.38 vs. 320.95±41.01, P=0.01), and serum iron (85.05±28.51 vs. 76.25±28.22, P=0.02) were significantly lower in women than in men. Out of 2,926 people who entered this study, 195 (6.66%) were suspected of having thalassemia because of their low MCV (71.61±7.33 fL) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (23.67±2.66 pg). Conclusion: The relatively low hemoglobin in females referring for premarital screening for thalassemia awakens healthcare experts to carefully examine these cases for the possibility of thalassemia minor after excluding other common possible reasons such as iron deficiency anemia using iron studies and hemoglobin electrophoresis.
Correlation of CD40 and DPP-4 Concentration With Corrected TIMI Frame Count in Patients With Coronary Slow Flow
Authors: Elyasi Sepideh , Shamsara Jamal , Dastani Mostafa , Sadoughi Maedeh , Jafari Fatemeh , Akbarzadeh Mahdi , Mohammadpour Amir Hooshang
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Microvascular and endothelial disorders play a significant role in the pathophysiology of coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP). However, according to previous studies, the etiology of CSFP is not completely understood. As CD40 and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) are reported to play an important role in atherosclerosis process as well as microvascular and the endothelial dysfunction, this study evaluated the role of these two biomarkers in the pathophysiology of CSFP. Methods: One-hundred twenty-nine volunteers who were candidates for angiography and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected, including 29 patients with coronary artery diseases (CADs) which had less than 50% stenosis (CAD+,<50%) and without CSF, 22 CAD+patients which had 50-90% stenosis (CAD+, 50%-90%) without CSF, 16 CAD+patients with CSF, 22 patients with CSF without stenosis in their arteries, and 40 healthy individuals as controls. The serum levels of CD40 and DPP-4 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: There was no significant correlation between the serum concentration of CD40 and the thrombosis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (P=0.571). However, the serum concentration of CD40 in CAD+patients with CSF was significantly higher than the values in patients without CSF (P=0.022). Moreover, the concentration of DPP-4 in different coronary vessels did not exhibit any significant relation with TIMI score (P=0.763). Conclusion: In the present study, no significant correlation was found between the serum concentrations of CD40 and DPP-4 and the mean corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC). Accordingly, further studies with larger population sizes are needed to investigate the correlation between CD40 and DPP-4 serum levels and CSFP.
The Effect of Resistance Training with Tribulus terrestris on Liver Enzymes in Rats Exposed to Stanozolol
Authors: Kiani Najmeh , Keshavarz Saeed , Hosseini Seyyed Ali , Banai Jamshid
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Today, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and growth hormone are widely used in men and women to increase strength and muscle mass in athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistance training (R) and Tribulus terrestris (TT) on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in rats exposed to stanozolol (S). Methods: In this experimental study, 49 male Sprague Dawley rats with an age range of 8-10 weeks and an approximate weight of 180-200 g were randomly divided into 7 groups of seven animals, including: (1) sham, (2) stanozolol (5 mg/kg/day) (S), (3) 50 mg/kg T. terrestris extract (TT50), (4) 100 mg/kg T. terrestris extract (TT100), (5) resistance training (RT), (6) RT+TT50, and (7) RT+TT100. Resistance training was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test in SPSS version 22.0 (P≥0.05). Results: AST, ALT, and ALP levels in the RT, TT50, TT100, RT+TT50, and RT+TT100 groups were significantly lower compared to the S group (P≥0.05). AST and ALP levels in the TT100 group were lower compared to the TT50 group (P≥0.05). Moreover, ALT and ALP levels in the RT+TT100 group were lower compared to the RT+TT50 group (P≥0.05). Conclusion: It seems that resistance training together with TT consumption synergistically improves liver enzymes in rats exposed to stanozolol. In addition, the effect of resistance training+100 mg/kg T. terrestris extract (RT+TT100) is much more favorable than RT+TT50, TT50, and TT100.
The Effect of Probiotics on Changes in Serum Levels of Liver Enzymes Induced by Margarine Butter in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Rahmati Samaneh , Jafari Parvaneh , Mohajerani Hamid Reza
Published: April 2023

Background: Disorders in the burning and making of fatty acids in the liver under the influence of one or more environmental or genetic stimuli lead to inflammation and the destruction of liver cells. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the changes in serum levels of liver enzymes derived from margarine butter and the possible effect of probiotics on this enzyme. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Negative control group receiving normal food, positive control group receiving fatty food, test group 1 receiving fatty food with probiotics, and test group 2 receiving normal food with probiotics. In the positive control group, fatty food was given to the animals for 2 weeks, and in the test group, one intake of probiotics was administered simultaneously with the administration of greasy food lasting for 8 weeks, and then the number of liver enzymes was determined by drawing blood. Results: Margarine butter led to an increase in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Taking probiotics with margarine butter caused margarine butter to compensate for the increase in these enzymes. The average count of colonies of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Clostridium in the margarine butter consumer group increased significantly compared with the negative control group, and the prescription of simultaneous probiotics compensated for this increase. Conclusion: In general, it was found that the consumption of probiotics along with margarine butter can simultaneously reduce inflammation of the liver due to high levels of ALT and AST. A probiotic prescription with the consumption of margarine butter led to a decreasing number of bacteria E. coli and Clostridium from margarine butter alone.
Assessment of Spring Leaf Extract of Artemisia aucheri Effects on Leishmania tropica/infantum
Authors: Dalimi Abdolhossein , Moghadamizad Zeinab , Jafari Mohammad Mahdi , Karimipour-Saryazdi Amir , Pirestani Majid
Published: April 2023

Background: Leishmania infection is a serious worldwide health concern that is caused by various types of Leishmania parasite genus. Current therapies for this disease, including pentavalent antimonial complexes, are not safe and do not have enough efficacy. The Artemisia aucheri spring leaf extract has been reported to have antimicrobial effects on a variety of pathogens. Objective: This study aimed to find how a spring leaf extract of A. aucheri affects Leishmania tropica and infantum. Materials and Methods: After culturing macrophages and L. tropica and infantum in enriched the Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 culture medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), the impacts of different dosages of A. aucheri spring extracts on L. tropica, as well as L. infantum promastigotes were evaluated in vitro. In addition, 2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was used to assess the cytotoxicity of the extract on parasites and macrophages. Eventually, flow cytometry with annexin staining was performed to evaluate the potential of apoptosis induction in L. tropica/infantum. Results: The flow cytometry test results showed the amount of apoptosis was 22.28% for L. tropica and L. infantum parasites. The spring leaf extract of A. aucheri inhibitory concentration was 15.17 and 9.13 for L. tropica and L. infantum, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, A. aucheri spring extracts revealed a good in-vitro anti-leishmania effect on L. tropica and L. infantum promastigotes.
Toxocariasis and Co-infection With COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Moflah Nebras , Zibaei Mohammad , Bakhshipour Fatemeh , Firoozeh Farzaneh , Miahipour Abolfazl , Moshki Leila
Published: April 2023

Background: Toxocara infection is one of the most neglected tropical diseases that has remained undiagnosed in developing countries. The disease leads to many signs and symptoms such as fever, coughing or wheezing, belly pain, hepatomegaly, loss of appetite, rash, lymphadenopathy, red and painful eyes, strabismus, blurred or cloudy vision, and the like. Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the seroprevalence and other demographic parameters of toxocariasis among hospitalized patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in Karaj district, Alborz province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was undertaken between March and September 2021. Ninety-two sera samples obtained from COVID-19 patients and 56 seemingly healthy individuals were tested for anti-Toxocara immunoglobulin G via an immunological assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA). The demographic characteristics of the participants were collected through a questionnaire. Results: The findings indicated that during the study period, the seroprevalence of toxocariasis in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group (15.2% vs. 3.6%). Among the 92 seropositive COVID-19 patients, 35.7% (5/14) were males and 64.3% (9/14) were females. No deaths were observed in the Toxocara-positive individuals with COVID-19. Conclusion: Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonotic parasitic infection in developing countries. The findings of the present study revealed the importance of Toxocara spp. infection screening in COVID-19 patients, and simple empirical treatment can be life-saving in such positive cases.
Comparison of Physical Activity Before and During COVID-19 and Its Relationship With Mental Well-being of People in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Authors: Rahimi Mostafa , Aghababa Alireza , Mardaniyan Ghahfarrokhi Majid , Faramarzi Mohammad
Published: April 2023

Background and aims: Due to the widespread prevalence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to overcome and understand these conditions, it is necessary to survey the physical and psychological implications on individuals within the community to uncover effective solutions. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the level of physical activity and psychological well-being due to quarantine induced by COVID-19 in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study during the first peak of COVID-19 disease (April 10 to May 10, 2020). The International Online Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Short Mood Assessment Questionnaire were used to assess physical activity (before and during outbreak) and mood status (during outbreak), respectively, among 627 people in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Results: The samples consisted of male (20%) and female (80%) subjects. Upon comparing the physical activity before the disease outbreak and during the initial outbreak, it was demonstrated that the intensity (P<0.001), duration (P<0.001), and frequency (P<0.001) of physical activity significantly decreased after the outbreak of COVID-19. However, there was no difference between men and women in intensity, duration, and frequency of physical activity as well as psychological status (P=0.099). Further, no significant relationship was observed between physical activity variables (intensity, P=0.214, duration, P=0.386, and repetition, P=0.122) and psychological status. However, a significant positive relationship was found between adherence to quarantine and mental wellbeing (P=0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, the level of physical activity of the subjects decreased during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to before the outbreak, but the decrease in physical activity did not affect their mental state. However, the individuals who adhered to quarantine conditions experienced a worse negative mood compared to other groups. It seems that in addition to observing social distancing measures and adherence to quarantine, individuals’ overall health and physical activity levels are effective factors that can improve the body’s physiological systems and the psychological state and influence the positive mood of people.
Comparing Factors Influencing Fertility Desire Among Urban and Rural Families Referring to Healthcare Centers in Ferdows, Iran, in 2020
Authors: Arasteh Azadeh , Akbariyan Amirhossain , Asadi Fariba
Published: April 2023

Background and aims: Fertility is among the major components of the population, the reduction of which can cause irreparable socioeconomic damage to the country. Unfortunately, the fertility rate is declining, and it is lower than the critical level in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors influencing fertility desire in order to reveal more aspects of this issue. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study included all the rural and urban families referring to healthcare centers in Ferdows, Iran, in 2020. The participants were selected using a multi-stage sampling method. Finally, 400 married men and women referring to the centers were assessed by the fertility desire scale (FDS). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as the Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests by SPSS 19.0. Results: In this study, 81.2% of the participants were female, 52.5% of who aged 25-35 years old. The mean scores of fertility desire among urban and rural households were 66.69±9.61 and 65.06±9.08, respectively (P=0.03). In all dimensions of the questionnaire except for childbearing worries, significant differences were observed between urban and rural households. These dimensions included positive childbearing motivations (P=0.05), social beliefs (P=0.04), and preferences (P=0.004). Conclusion: The results obtained from this study can be used in population policies in order to build culture, support parents, and increase childbearing desire, especially in rural areas.