bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel management of fibroid with Ulipristal
Authors: Hephzibah Kirubamani N
Published: February 2020

Fibroid with heavy menstrual bleeding and pain in pre and perimenopause women to reduce it, in reproductive women to relieve sympt oms in infertility and in preoperative conditions to reduce size of fibroid, now a days medical therapy is available.

To determine effectiveness and safety of Ulipristal in symptomatic fibroid by assessing reduction in heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, reduction in size of the fibroid and improvement in activity score

: This is a Prospective study. Women between 20- 45years both unmarried and married attending gynaec OPD of Saveetha Medical College and hospital with fibroid with symptoms of heavy menstrual bleeding, pain abdomen during period, with Infertility were recruited after ethical Clarence and informed consent. Study was conducted from September 2018 to Dec 2018 first week. Menstrual blood loss was assessed with pictorial blood loss chart (PBAC) and pain was assessed with short form Mc Gill pain questionnaire pain score. After routine investigation including LFT, USG abdomen and Pelvis were done for all subject and mapping of fibroid were done pretreatment and every month and at the end of treatment. Women were given10 mgs Ulipristal once daily for 13 weeks. Post treatment investigations and USG were repeated.

Women age group between 30-40 years were 86.5%, 20-25 were 6. 66% and Nulliparous were 6. 66%.Pretreatent 66.66% had PBAC score of 130 and above. None of the women had PBAC <100 before treatment. After 13 weeks treatment Perimenopause women 13.33 % developed amenorrhea. 20% women had PBAC score < 100, PBAC score 100-110, in 63.33% of women, PBAC between 111 -120 score in 3.33% PABC score between 120 and above were Nil. Fibroid volume reduced between >25 to < 50% in 53.33% of size and volume and 10% fibroid disappeared. There is considerable improvement in pain score with p value of 0.0001 and activity score significantly improved with p value of 0.0001.

In all age groups commonest gynaec condition is Fibroid. In the study Ulipristal resulted in, improvement in heavy men strual bleeding ,pain and considerable reduction in size of the fibroid and thereby improved quality of life
Evaluation of urinary oxidative stress markers, inflammatory sialoproteins and neopterin in pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Maithilikarpagaselvi Nachimuthu , Shyamsundar Muskan Agrawal , Pallavee Palai , Sathish Babu Murugaigaiyan , sathiya Ramasamy
Published: February 2020

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) represents major cause for perinatal morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress and altered inflammatory response may contribute to the pathogenesis of IUGR. The present study was aimed to investigate the urinary and blood levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in women with IUGR.

23 pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction and 30 healthy pregnant women were included in the present study. Detailed demographic data were collected. Total protein, albumin, total anti-oxidant status ( TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), malondialdehyde (MDA), neopterin and protein bound sialic acid (PBSA) were estimated in the blood. TOS, TAS and neopterin were measured in urine samples of women with IUGR.

Serum MDA (16.2 ± 1.8) and Sialic acid (2.5 ± 0.8) levels were significantly elevated in women with IUGR. Urinary TOS (20.4 ± 4.4) and OSI (5.4 ± 1.2) were significantly increased in pregnant women with IUGR. The cut off value in ROC analysis for urinary oxidative stress index was 4.6 for the diagnosis of IUGR.

Oxidative stress in maternal blood is positively associated with the development of IUGR in pregnant women. Estimation of these parameters in serum and urine could serve as screening tool for the early prediction and diagnosis of IUGR which will further aid in the better management of neonatal health.
Clinicopathological analysis of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive and post menopausal women in a tertiary care centre of south eastern part of India
Authors: Samal Rupal , Vaithy Anandraj , Shanmugasamy  , Habeebullah Syed
Published: February 2020

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common presentation of gynecologic disorder in Tropical countries like India. Though various underlying causes exists, endometrial pathology is the major reason for AUB and histopathological evaluation of endometrial biopsy samples remains main stay for diagnosis.

To analyse the clinico-pathological spectrum of abnormal uterine bleeding with associated endometrial lesions in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital in south eastern part of India

Patients presenting to gynaecology OPD with AUB as presenting complaints were evaluated with Dilatation & curettage and the endometrial samples obtained were analysed for histopathological evaluation

Among 153 cases studied for a period of 2 years duration, majority of cases were non-neoplastic lesions (n=93) followed neoplastic lesions (n=60). Proliferative and secretory endometrium was the common condition among reproductive age group. Malignancy was predominantly noted among post menopausal age group and adenocarcinoma (TypeI) was the common endometrial malignancy noted

The incidence of Abnormal uterine bleeding was higher than assumed among the study population and histopathological evaluation of endometrial biopsy samples serves as a mainstay in diagnosis and also in categorizing the underlying etiology.
An Exploration of the Knowledge Components of Spiritual Health Based on the Quran and Hadiths: A Qualitative Research
Authors: Zadeh Mohammad Sanagoei , Mesri Mehdi , Hosseini Seyed Morteza , Gooshki Hossein Shamsi , Ahmadi Majid
Published: February 2020

Spiritual health is one dimension of human health, but the concept and its components are still a subject of discussion. The purpose of this study was to identify the components of spiritual well-being based on the Quran and hadiths. This was a qualitative study conducted as thematic analysis. Qualitative data were extracted by studying the Quran and hadiths, and then coded and categorized. The categories were re-examined and refined, and the main themes were discovered afterward. The findings of this study showed that spiritual well-being has cognitive, emotional and behavioral levels with the four components of patience, certainty, justice and jihad, while spiritual illness entails doubt, impatience, oppression and weakness. In the processes of achieving spiritual health, each component undergoes the stages of self-awareness, God’s knowledge, certainty of heart, and attachment to God. By contrast, in the process of the formation of each component, there is a spiritual illness that includes ignorance of self or God, doubt, and attachment to non-God. The results of the current study are useful for evaluating spiritual health and planning for education in order to enhance spiritual well-being and elaborating an Islam-based spiritual health pattern.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA TECNOLOGIA INFORMATIZADA PARA A FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICA EM LÍNGUA ESPANHOLA
Authors: Prates Luciana Pitwak Machado Silva
Published: February 2020

Esta pesquisa, ainda em desenvolvimento, visa refletir sobre as possibilidades de aproximar mais o acadêmico de licenciatura em língua espanhola, à língua-cultura a que deseja sua formação, para isto, o uso de  tecnologias pode ser um aliado valioso, propiciando-lhe uma oportunidade ímpar de projetar-se para diferentes ambientes linguísticos onde este idioma é realizado, ampliando assim, o seu amadurecimento sobre os aspectos socioculturais da língua estudada e, reconhecendo algumas especificidades dessa língua, de modo que, ao atuarem efetivamente em sua profissão,  consigam transmitir com maior eficiência os conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo de sua formação.
O ARCABOUÇO DOS SISTEMAS SOCIOECOLÓGICOS COMO FERRAMENTA PARA A ANÁLISE DOS IMPACTOS DAS BARRAGENS HIDRELÉTRICAS NO SISTEMA PESQUEIRO AMAZÔNICO
Authors: Brasil Walterlina
Published: February 2020

A instalação de hidrelétricas na Amazônia ameaça a sustentabilidade da pesca, afetando milhares de famílias de baixa renda. Os estudos que medem os impactos das barragens parecem não ser suficientes para orientar tomadas de decisão adequadas para a conservação dos recursos pesqueiros. Assim, este estudo partiu da abordagem dos Sistemas Socioecológicos (SSE) para propor um arcabouço interdisciplinar de avaliação do Sistema Pesqueiro Amazônico (SSESPA), que possibilite um melhor dimensionamento dos impactos. O SSESPA foi aplicado para as hidrelétricas de Estreito e Santo Antônio, mostrando-se adequado para embasar tomadas de decisão. Contudo, observou-se também que os documentos dessas hidrelétricas têm conseguido produzir dados mínimos sobre a configuração desses sistemas, necessitando de aprofundamento. Para tal, de forma a tornar essa ferramenta acessível, propõe-se um guia de cinco passos para a adoção do SSESPA, por parte dos tomadores de decisão, como requisito para a emissão de licenças ambientais de hidrelétricas.
O BANQUEIRO DA RESISTÊNCIA: UMA ANÁLISE FÍLMICA
Authors: Maia Fabrício Simplício , MARTINI GESSICA MIRIAN , DE BARROS PAULA GONÇALVES , VIEIRA ARIANA
Published: February 2020

As decisões estão presentes no cotidiano, tanto para questões fáceis quanto para as complexas, sendo que para a tomada de decisão alguns aspectos são mais relevantes que outros, um exemplo disso são as preferências. O presente estudo possui como objetivo a análise fílmica do filme O Banqueiro da Resistência, de modo a identificar tais aspectos de processo decisório. O presente estudo foi realizado se utilizando de pesquisa bibliográfica para trazer os conceitos de processo decisório e racionalidade limitada, seguido pela observação crítica das cenas do filme para identificar os aspectos estudados e por fim realizou-se a análise do filme tendo como contraponto os conceitos inicialmente explicados. Após a finalização do estudo, notou-se que as decisões são tomadas principalmente com base nas preferências individuais, além do grande peso do viés emocional. Isso se deve também à racionalidade limitada que cada indivíduo possui.
CAUSATIVE ASPECTS OF TRADE TURNOVER: A MANAGERS AND EMPLOYEES’ PERCEPTION
Authors: Felix Júnior Luiz Antonio , Santos Geraldo Luiz Valle dos , Souza Gustavo Henrique Costa , Guimarães Luciana Gondim de Almeida , Feitosa Wlly Karen Meira
Published: February 2020

The objective of this study was to identify the causes of the turnover process in the city of Viçosa-AL. For this, it was held a descriptive and qualitative study aiming to identify, by means of the perception of managers and contributors, the reasons for process of turnover of micro and small businesses in the commercial sector. It was identified that elements of professional qualification, existence of new job opportunities, quality of life at work, perception of success in the career and the process of recruitment and selection influence on the process of turnover. The age element has demonstrated not to be an influencer on this process. Findings of the study also identified that the satisfaction at work, dissatisfaction with the manager, bad resourcefulness as a professional and discontinuity in the rhythm of work also contribute to the turnover process. A  managers' contribution to this study was helping to elencare the main flaws of controlling the process of turnover in trade in a vision from collaborators and managers, showing both sides of the working relationship. From an academic point of view, this study collaborates with the understanding of the turnover process, offering two visions - supposedly antagonistic -, besides conducting a research in trade without restriction of business branches. As a contribution to future studies, there is a suggestion of deeping the question embracing other sectors to verify if there is a difference in the managers and employees’ perception from different sectors.
INOVAÇÃO NOS CANAIS DE COMUNICAÇÃO COMO FORMA DE COMERCIALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Maia Bruno Inacio , De Oliveira Marco Aurelio , Futami Andre Hideto
Published: February 2020

A constante mudança tecnológica impõe ás industrias novos desafios e necessidades de adaptações, a maneira de se relacionar com os clientes se renova frequentemente com o desenvolvimento de novos canais de comunicação. Esse artigo fará uma abordagem prática sobre a efetividade dos canais de comunicação: Google AdWords, e-mail marketing e Facebook integrados com o e-commerce no aspecto de prospecção de clientes. Em sequência avalia-se o comportamento da conversão dos clientes prospectados em venda efetivamente. Foram utilizados dados de 27 meses de campanha de marketing de uma indústria metalúrgica em cada um dos 3 canais de comunicação. Posteriormente foi feito a análise do índice de correlação de Cohen e inferido análises de regressão linear e one-way ANOVA que explicassem estatisticamente a dinâmica das campanhas de marketing nos diferentes canais de comunicação com a atração de clientes. Comprovadamente, conclui-se que as campanhas de marketing possuem efeito positivo nos
ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DO CULTIVO DE BATATA DOCE NA AMAZÔNIA: UM ESTUDO EM CASTANHEIRAS, ESTADO DE RONDÔNIA
Authors: De Souza Valdinei Leones , Rodriguês Letícia Barbosa , Loose Cleberson Eller , Piacentini Marcos Tadeu Simões , Piacentini Alexandre Leonardo Simões
Published: February 2020

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo mensurar os gastos no cultivo da batata doce assim como apurar os principais indicadores econômicos da atividade. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma pequena propriedade localizada na região amazônica, especificamente na linha 176, quilometro 19, no município de Castanheiras, estado de Rondônia. Assim, este estudo de caso caracterizou-se como pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa e com aspectos quantitativos. Os dados para formação dos custos, apuração das despesas e receitas foram obtidos através de anotações realizadas pelo produtor, bem como por meio de entrevista utilizando-se de um formulário semiestruturado. Desta forma, considerando as receitas e gastos gerais da atividade – especialmente a mão de obra, insumos, depreciações e despesas - obteve-se um índice de lucratividade de 34,24% na safra estudada; o custo médio foi de R$ 1.179,99 por toneladas; 16 toneladas é o ponto de equilíbrio; houve uma taxa de retorno sobre os investimentos de 4,72% na safra; e consequentemente um payback de 21 semestres. Os indicadores econômicos obtidos foram considerados satisfatórios ao se comparar com outras pesquisas relacionadas ao cultivo de batata doce, já que um dos indicadores econômicos mais relevantes, a taxa de retorno de investimento, apresentou taxa maior do que a maioria das produções em outras regiões do país.
Analysis of Methylation and Expression Profile of Foxp3 Gene in Patients with Behçet’s Syndrome
Authors: Farhadi Jafar , Nouri Mohammad , Khabbazi Alireza , Samadi Nasser , Babaloo Zohreh , Azad Mahdi , Abolhasani Somayeh , Alipour Shahriar , Jadideslam Golamreza , Seydi Shirvani Sam , Sakhinia Ebrahim
Published: February 2020

Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) gene is an important means in the Treg cells function, in both maintenances of immune tolerance and regulation of response. Epigenetic modifications of the foxp3 gene at its regulatory regions control the chromatin accessibility for the transcription factors and other transcriptional regulators in order to control Foxp3 expression. In addition, the methylation status of CpG islands within the Foxp3 promoter and regulatory elements regulate the expression of Foxp3. This study was performed to assess the role of the foxp3 gene in patients with Behçet’s syndrome (BS).
Venous blood samples were collected from all participants and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were extracted through Ficoll-Hypaque method. Genomic DNA was randomly sheared by sonication and immunoprecipitated with a monoclonal antibody. The status methylation of the foxp3 gene was estimated in 108 blood samples of active BS patients and healthy individuals (controls); using methylation DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) technique. Expression analysis was carried out; using Real-time PCR.
The expression of foxp3 gene in the patients' group (mean±SD: 1.79±1.12) was significantly lower than the healthy group (mean±SD: 2.73±1.33) (p<001). Also, the methylation levels of Foxp3 promoter showed that its level in patients (mean±SD: 2.3±1.16) was higher than the healthy group (mean±SD: 1.85±0.59). However, this increase was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Also, these results indicated that increasing the amount of methylation of the foxp3 gene by reducing its expression leads to an increase and intensifying of the disease.
The decrease in Foxp3 expression is possibly associated with hypermethylation of the gene, and it can be considered as a risk factor for BS. Future studies may be needed to identify the capability of specific DNA methylation alterations in this syndrome.
Inflammatory and T Helper 17/ Regulatory T Cells Related Cytokines Balance in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE)
Authors: Yazdani Mohammad-Reza , Aflaki Elham , Gholijani Nasser
Published: February 2020

The cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a common manifestation among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Malar rash and discoid lupus (DLE) are in the category of acute and chronic CLE, respectively.
The pathogenesis of CLE is multifactorial, and cytokine imbalances contribute to immune dysfunction and the induction of organ damage. Many aspects of cytokine dysregulation are still unclear in SLE and in particular CLE. Therefore, we concurrently measured the inflammatory [Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin (IL)-6)], T helper (Th)-17 (IL-17 and IL-23) and regulatory T cells [Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) and IL-10)]-related cytokines in patients with CLE (patients with malar rash and/or DLE) and compared them with SLE patients and healthy individuals (n=25 in each group, a total of 75 patients). The serum levels of cytokines were assessed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method.
IL-6 cytokine was significantly higher in SLE, DLE, and malar rash patients compared to those in healthy controls (p=0.025) and in patients with arthralgia (p=0.038), and gastrointestinal involvement (p=0.048). IL-17 was significantly higher in malar rash patients compared to normal individuals (p=0.023), SLE (p=0.008) and DLE patients (p=0.019) and in patients with oropharyngeal ulcer (p=0.05) but, IL-23 was significantly higher only in DLE patients than healthy controls (p=0.019).
In conclusion, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 involved in inflammation and differentiation of Th17 cells are probably responsible in part for Th17 activity in CLE. IL-17, IL-23, and IL-6/IL-6R (IL-6 receptor) inhibitors may be good treatments for CLE patients. So targeting these cytokines activity pathways can improve the CLE treatment strategy and may open a novel guideline for SLE and CLE treatment.
Evaluation of Serum Substance P Level in Chronic Urticaria and Correlation with Disease Severity
Authors: Fadaee Javad , Khoshkhui Maryam , Emadzadeh Maryam , Hashemy Seyed Isaac , Farid Hosseini Reza , Jabbari Azad Farahzad , Ahanchian Hamid , Lavi Arab Fahimeh
Published: February 2020

Substance P (SP) is a neurotransmitter emitted from neurons that plays a role in the pathogenesis of itching conditions including chronic urticarial (CU). The present research aims to investigate the serum level of S.P among CU patients and compare them with healthy subjects and explore how it correlates with the severity of urticaria.
The present research was conducted on 87 CU patients who visited the allergy clinic of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran from October 2017 to June 2018. Besides, 86 healthy subjects were recruited as the control group. Background information of patient was collected including age, sex, duration of the disease and the co-occurrence of angioedema. S.P serum level was measured in two groups by ELISA method. In the patients group, the autologous serum skin test (ASST) was performed along with the urticaria evaluation questionnaire include Urticaria Activity Score 7 (UAS7), Urticaria Control Test (UCT) and Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life (CU-Q2OL).
Among the patients, the SP serum level showed to be about two times higher than the healthy subjects (p˂0.001). SP showed to be increased as patients’ age grew (p=0.010). In patients with a positive ASST, SP level was higher (p=0.012). No correlation was found between SP and the presence of angioedema among patients. There was no correlation between the SP serum level and the scores obtained from urticaria evaluation questionnaires.
SP among CU patients was higher than healthy subjects. SP was also higher among female, older and positive ASST patients. The SP value was not correlated with the severity of urticaria, angioedema. In conclusion, Using SP antagonist drugs could be a potential treatment for chronic urticaria.
Comparison of Diagnostic Tests with Oral Food Challenge in a Clinical Trial for Adult Patients with Sesame Anaphylaxis
Authors: Salari Fereshteh , Bemanian Mohammad Hassan , Fallahpour Morteza , Tavakol Marzieh , Shokri Sima , Baniadam Leila , Khoshmirsafa Majid , Seif Farhad , Nabavi Mohammad , Arshi Saba
Published: February 2020

Sesame food allergy (SFA); especially anaphylaxis, is a life-threatening condition. The accurate diagnosis of SFA is done by skin prick test (SPT), skin prick to prick (SPP) or specific IgE (sIgE) and is confirmed by oral food challenge (OFC). Since there are few studies evaluating and comparing the utility of these methods for diagnosis of sesame anaphylaxis in adult patients, we aimed to compare OFC with diagnostic tests, including SPT, SPP, and sesames IgE; using ImmunoCAP considering the sensitivity and specificity issues in patients with sesame anaphylaxis.
Twenty patients with sesame anaphylaxis were diagnosed based on OFC. Then SPT, SPP, and sIgE were evaluated.
Sixteen patients had positive OFC; while 4 patients had negative results. Out of 16 OFC+ patients, 7 patients were SPT+, 15 patients were SPP+, and 2 patients had detectable sIgE. A positive SPT indicated 44% sensitivity and 50% specificity. A positive SPP showed 87.5% sensitivity and 75% specificity. A positive ImmunoCAP test demonstrated 12.5% sensitivity and 75% specificity. The AUC of SPP was significant for the diagnosis of sesame anaphylaxis (p=0.038).
In conclusion, when the OFC is not possible, the SPP test with natural sesame seed may be applicable in patients with a convincing history instead of the artificial or commercial extracts of sesame used for SPT. Positive SPP is a good alternative diagnostic method for patients with sesame anaphylaxis. Also, the poor sensitivity of SPT and sIgE may indicate the poor discriminative capability of these tests.
Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Subsets in C57BL/6J Mice by Different Injection Modes of α-galactosylceramide
Authors: Meng Ming , Chen Shengde , Gao Xiang , Liu Huifang , Zhao Huijuan , Zhang Jingnan , Zhang Jinku , Chen Dongzhi
Published: February 2020

Whether different injection modes of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) affect the activation of different subsets of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in different tissues and organs of mice is unclear.
This study included healthy control, subcutaneous injection, and intraperitoneal injection groups (n=10 in each group). The subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection groups were injected with α-Galcer (0.1 mg/kg weight), and then the changes in thymus, spleen, and liver iNKT cell frequencies and subsets were observed.
The intraperitoneal injection of α-GalCer could increase the frequency of splenic iNKT cells, but the subcutaneous injection did not affect the frequency. Neither injection had any effect on the frequency of iNKT cells in the thymus and liver. The subcutaneous injection of α-GalCer increased the rate of iNKT2 subsets in the thymus but did not affect the rate of iNKT1 subsets. However, the intraperitoneal injection of α-GalCer did not affect thymus iNKT1 and iNKT2 subsets. Interestingly, the subcutaneous injection of α-GalCer significantly increased the proportion of iNKT1 in the spleen and liver but did not significantly change the proportion of iNKT2. The intraperitoneal injection of  α-GalCer significantly increased the rate of iNKT2 in spleen and liver but decreased the rate of iNKT1.
Subsets of iNKT1 or iNKT2 cells in the spleen and liver were selectively activated by the subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection of α-GalCer. It provides a valuable means for treating tumors and certain autoimmune diseases. Further exploration of the activation mechanism may provide new ideas about the development of related vaccines.
Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Opium on the Expression of CD9, CD36, and CD68 at mRNA and Protein Levels in Human Macrophage Cell Line THP-1
Authors: Momeni-Moghaddam Mohammad Amin , Asadikaram Gholamreza , Nematollahi Mohammad Hadi , Esmaeili Tarzi Mojdeh , Faramarz-Gaznagh Sanaz , Mohammadpour-Gharehbagh Abbas , Kazemi Arababadi Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Cigarette smoking and opium use are risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). It has been known that scavenger receptors such as CD36 and CD68 play critical roles in the pathogenesis of CAD. CD9, as a member of the tetraspanin, has been shown to interact with scavenger receptors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these risk factors on expression levels of CD9, CD36, and CD68 on the THP-1 cell line.
The THP-1 cell line treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE( and opium, both individually and combinatory, in 24 h incubation. The protein and mRNA levels of CD9, CD36, and CD68 were evaluated by flow cytometry and quantitative reverse transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) techniques, respectively.
CD36 and CD68 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased in the cells treated with cigarette smoke extract compared to the control (p<0.001 in mRNA expression levels and p=0.016 and p=0.012 in protein expression levels, respectively). The CSE increased the level of CD9 protein expression compared to the control group (p=0.041) on the human macrophage cell line THP-1. No significant differences were observed in the CD9, CD36, and CD68 gene expression and at the protein levels between opium-treated THP-1 cells and controls.
In conclusion, cigarettes by increasing the levels of CD36, CD68, and CD9 can be a risk factor in the development of many inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung carcinoma.
The Association between Inflammatory Cytokines and miRNAs with Slow Coronary Flow Phenomenon
Authors: Danaii Shahla , Shiri Sadaf , Dolati Sanam , Ahmadi Majid , Ghahremani-Nasab Leila , Amiri Atefeh , Kamrani Amin , Samadi Kafil Hossein , Chakari-Khiavi Forough , Hojjat-Farsangi Mohammad , Malek Mahdavi Aida , Mehdizadeh Amir , Yousefi Mehdi
Published: February 2020

Slow coronary flow (SCF) is a coronary artery disorder. Several inflammatory mediators have been reported to be associated with vascular homeostasis and endothelial dysfunction.
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cytokines and miRNAs in patients with SCF compared to the controls. In this regard, blood samples were acquired from 45 SCF patients and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated. Expression levels of miRNAs and cytokines in PBMCs were measured by real-time PCR. As a final point, serum levels of cytokines were quantified by ELISA.
Expression levels of miR-1, miR-133, miR-208a, miR-206, miR-17, miR-29, miR-223, miR-326, and miR-155 as considerable indicators of inflammatory function significantly increased in SCF patients while the expression levels of miR-15a, miR-21, miR-25, miR-126, miR-17, miR-16 and miR-18a as considerable indicators of anti-inflammatory function significantly decreased in patients with SCF compared to the control group. Additionally, serum IL-1β, IL‐8, and TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in the SCF group than controls. However, no significant differences were observed in IL-10 production in SCF patients compared to the controls.
This study provided the potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers for SCF diagnosis as well as suitable markers for monitoring coronary artery disease (CAD) development in these patients. More investigations are still necessary to unravel the detailed essential mechanisms of circulating miRNA levels in patients with heart failure and SCF.
Comparing the Frequency of CD4+T Cells in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion Women with and without Anti-thyroid Peroxidase (TPO)
Authors: Basimi Parya , Akbari Asbagh Firouzeh , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Asadi Mojgan , Dabbagh Ali , Najafi Arbastan Farangis , Rajaei Samira
Published: February 2020

Thyroid autoimmunity, being recognized by the presence of auto-antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin, has known to be associated with increased risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), even in euthyroid subjects. There was no robust evidence regarding T cell deviations in anti-TPO positive RSA patients. The aim of this study was to investigate if the numbers of different CD4+T  subsets were different in women who experienced RSA and have an anti-TPO antibody from those without autoantibody and normal fertile women or not.
In this study, peripheral blood samples were obtained from three groups of women (age: 20-35 years) including RSA anti-TPO positive (n=17), RSA anti-TPO negative (n=27), and fertile (n=29) groups. The frequency of T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and also, the proportions of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg were measured by flow cytometry and compared between groups in different menstrual phases.
The findings indicated elevated levels of Th1 in anti-TPO+ RSA in comparison with those without anti-TPO (p-value: 0.004), exclusively in the luteal phase. Other T cell subsets were different only between RSA and control groups. Also, the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios were increased in both RSA groups compared to fertile women.
The only subset of CD4+ T cell different between RSA groups (i.e. with and without anti-TPO) was Th1 cells. Other CD4+ T cells’ deviations including Th2, Th17, and Treg cells could be related to the presence of abortion, regardless of the underlying thyroid autoimmunity state.
Assessment of miR-181b-5p, miR-23a-3p, BCL-2, and IL-6 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Autistic Patients; Likelihood of Reliable Biomarkers
Authors: Atwan Hossein , Assarehzadegan Mohammad-Ali , Shekarabi Mehdi , Jazayeri Seyed Mohammad , Barfi Shahram , Shokouhi Shoormasti Raheleh , Chimeh Narges , Pouretemad Hamid Reza , Tayebi Behnoosh
Published: February 2020

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is recognized by stereotypic and repetitive behaviors after 2 years of old. Dysregulation of the immune system, especially inflammation which is mostly regulated by IL-6, imposes a deficit in CNS development. Along with this crucial biomarker, researchers have proposed BCL-2, micro RNA-23a-3p (miR-23a-3p), miR-181b-5p as other probable biomarkers involved in inflammation and apoptosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the alteration in the expression of these biomarkers in a group of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 37 autistic patients. After RNA extraction with precipitation method, the Syber green qReal-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed in order to evaluate the possible alteration in the expression of IL-6, BCL-2, miR-181b-5p, and miR-23a-3p. The results were compared with healthy controls.
IL-6 was significantly upregulated in ASD patients (p=0.003). On the other hand, miR-23a was upregulated and BCL-2 downregulated in ASD patients but the changes were not significant. In initial evaluations, expression changes of miR-181b-5p were not statistically significant. However, when Patients were divided into two groups of upregulated and downregulated, re-evaluation showed that both up- (p=0.005) and down-regulation (p=0.004) (i.e. changes regardless of the direction) of miR-181b were significant in autistic children.
IL-6 and miR-181b-5p can have proper diagnostic values and are reliable biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. On the other hand, PBMC can be utilized for such studies and also evaluation of patients' condition instead of brain tissue as it is less accessible.
Serum Levels of Interleukin 18 and Interleukin 10 in Iranian Patients with Bullous Pemphigoid and their Correlation with BP180-NC16a and BP230
Authors: Esmaili Nafisseh , Mortazavi Hossein , Ansari Mahshid Sadat , Nasimi Maryam , Ardalan-rad Yasaman , Teimourpour Amir
Published: February 2020

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Expression of changes in NT3 gene after rat's sciatica nerve compression in the presence of hydroalcoholic extract of mountain tea (Stachyslavandulifolia)
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Fariba , Tehranipour Maryam , Nezhad Shahrokhabadi Khadijeh
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Neurotrophic factors change in response to nerve damage. Stachyslavandulifolia belongs to the Laminaceae family and since tea has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of mountain tea and its effect on NT3 gene expression after compression.
Methods: In this experimental study, at first the hydro-alcoholic extract of stachys was prepared by the Soxhlet method. In this study, 36 Wistar male rats , 250-300 gr, were randomly divided into 9 groups, 4 rats in each group, and included control, compression (1, 7, 14 and 21 days) and experimental (1, 7, 14 and 28 days) groups. Experimental groups were treated by 75 mg / kg of hydro-alcoholic extract of stachys and to induce the stress in the control group, saline serum was injected. In compression and experimental groups , the sciatic nerve of right leg was compressed for 60 seconds. The first injection of extract in experimental group was performed intraperitoneally and immediately after the compression and the second one was injected 7 days later. Then the sampling was performed of lumbar spinal cord on 1, 7, 14 and 28 days in compression and experimental groups and the total RNA was extracted from the spinal cord segments, cDNA was synthesized and after that the alteration of gene expression of NT3 samples was studied in both samples, without treatment and treated with hydro-alcoholic extract.Data were analyzed using MxPro software and Anova test with a significant level of p <0.05 and Excel software was used for drawing graphs.
Results: The results showed that NT3 gene expression was significantly increased in the compression and treatment groups (p <0.001). Although, the NT3 gene expression was decreased in the treatment group compared to the compression group.
Conclusion: It seems that hydroalcoholic extract of Stachyslavandulifolia shoots did not affect NT3 gene expression.
Effect of One-Way Blunt Testis on Sperm Parameters in Acute and Chronic Periods after Injury in Mice
Authors: Pourentezari Majid , Dehghan Maryam , Ashoorzadeh Sare , Talebi Ali Reza
Published: February 2020

Introduction: So far, the effects of blunt trauma on sperm parameters and reproductive capacity have not been firmly established and different reports have been presented. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of unilateral blunt testis on sperm parameters in acute and chronic periods after injury in mice.
Methods: In this study, 40 adult male NMRI mice with a weight of 35-30 gr were selected randomly and divided into 3 groups control, sham and experimental (blunt). Then sperm samples were examined microscopically in terms of motility, number, viability (eosin stain color and Hypoosmotic Swelling) in two acute and chronic.
Results: In experimental groups, there was a significant decrease in sperm motility and viability compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was also a significant reduction in the number of sperm in the chronic group compared to the control (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Results showed that mice testicular trauma has adverse effects on sperm viability, number and progressive motility. Therefore, it can be concluded that testicular blunt trauma may impair the fertility of males.
Analysis of SEPT9 Gene Promoter Methylation Status in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mirza Aghasi Aida , Ghorbian Saied
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The changes in the level of SEPT9 gene promoter methylation can contribute to the formation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of changes in the level of SEPT9 gene promoter methylation in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Methods: In the present case-control study, we collected 75 paraffin blocks of esophageal cancer tissues and 75 paraffin blocks healthy tissues, which were referred to the Noor-E-Nejat and Tabriz International Hospitals during 2013-2017. After DNA extraction and treatment with sodium metabisulfite, the changes of SEPT9 gene promoter methylation assessed using high resolution melting (HRM) technique. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and Chi-square test.
Results: Our findings did not show a statistically significant difference between the changes of SEPT9 gene promoter methylation in cancer tissues compared to the healthy tissues (P=0.106).
Conclusion: This study shows that SEPT9 gene promoter methylation cannot contribute to the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cancerogenesis.
Narration the Lived Experiences of Career Couples of Family Function, Health Dimension
Authors: Rahimi Rohollah , Salimi Bajestani Hossien , Farahbakhsh Kiumars , Asgari Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Family function has been changed by the couple's simultaneous employment and presents particular problems for the family and the couples. One of the dimensions that is strongly influenced by the functioning of the working couple's family is the health dimension. The purpose of this study was to extract living experiences of career couples from the health aspect of family functioning.
Methods: This research was done by qualitative approach and by the method of interpretive phenomenology. In this study, the researchers selected and interviewed 12 career couples with snowball sampling and 12 career couples with marital conflicts through purposeful sampling. Interviews were analyzed using the Dicklman, Allen, and Turner methods, which are team-based and common in interpretive phenomenology. The MAXQDA12 software was also used for these operations.
Results: The analysis of the data from the interviews resulted in the identification of two main themes, including healthy functioning (with sub-themes: psychological functions of employed women, psychological functions of career couples, social functions of employed women, social functions of career couples, and spiritual health) and unhealthy functioning. (with sub-themes: physical damage, psychological damage, social damage, spiritual damage).
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that simultaneous employment of couples has a two-way effect on their health. On the negative side, this threatens the overall physical, psychological, social and spiritual health of the couple. On the positive side, the desirability of work conditions, couples' perceptions and attitudes have the greatest impact on health as one of the important dimensions of family function of career couples.
Effect of Donepezil on Cognitive Disorders Due to the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in the Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Hosseini Fatemeh , Nadi Mohammad , Kiani Mina , Shahzeidi Saeid
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Many factors cause cognitive impairment, including medication, such as selective serotonine reuptake inhibitor drugs use. On the other hand, many drugs are used in cognitive impairment therapy, including donepezil, which act by inhibiting the cholinesterase enzyme and increase brain acetylcholine.
Methods: This study was a double-blind controlled randomized controlled clinical trial on the 73 numbers of 20-50 years-old patients treated with selective serotonine reuptake inhibitor drugs using Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test. They were randomly divided into two groups: placebo recipient and donepezil recipient.
The Montreal Cognitive Test- reliability 92% and IC 83% - was performed two months after drug administration in both groups.The results were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, Chi-Square, T-test and has been reviewed by SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; Version 16.
Results: There was a significant difference in the Montreal Cognitive Test score before and after the intervention in the Donepezil group as the score increased. (Paired-T Test & P-Value < 0.0001). There was also a significant difference in Montreal Cognitive Test scores before and after the intervention in the placebo group (Paired-T Test & P-Value < 0.0001) as the score dropped.Conclusion: Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil, have had beneficial effects in improving cognitive impairment caused by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs compared to placebo.
Spiritual Health in the Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers and Its Relation with General Health
Authors: Khairy Yousof , Hoseiniefard Hosein , Nasiri Farideh
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Today, issues related to meaning and spirituality are accepted as essential parts of chronic diseases’ experience as they may seriously affect people's attitude towards their ego, illness and future. The present study was conducted to investigate the spiritual health of the patients with gastrointestinal cancers and its association with general health.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 128 patients with gastrointestinal cancer ≤54 years with knowledge of their disease type at Imam Reza Hospital and Shahid Madani Hospital in Tabriz, Iran. Samples were selected using the simple sampling method. The spiritual status of the patients was evaluated using the Paloutzian & Ellison (1982) questionnaire & General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the checklist designed by the researchers, containing demographic characteristics. Data analysis, including the descriptive analytic statistics, independent t-test, correlation coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression model were done using SPSS V16 software.
Results: Regarding Pearson correlation coefficient, there was a significant association between general health and spiritual well-being (p=0.003, r=0.71). Also, there was a direct and significant association between spiritual health in the religious section (p=0.01, r=0.51) and spiritual well-being in the existential (p=0.001, r=0.68) with general health.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that most cancer patients have high spiritual health, this makes the patient more adaptable to their illness.
A CORRELATIONAL STUDY BETWEEN LEARNING MOTIVATION AND SATISFACTION IN ONLINE COURSES
Authors: Maqbool Saima , Malik Muhamed Ismail Abdul , Maqbool Saira
Published: February 2020

Purpose of the study: The current study was carried out to find out the correlation between Learning Motivation and Learning Satisfaction of graduate students enrolled in English online courses in Alama Iqbal Open University which is one of the oldest distance education institutes of Pakistan having 1.7 million enrolments every year.

Methodology:  Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) measuring four types of motivation. The scale consists of 16 items. 150 students were selected through a convenient sampling method from the two-degree programs studying English Language as a compulsory offered online by the University. The data collected was quantitative in nature and it was analysed through Pearson correlation.

Main Findings: Pearson correlation of the data reveals that there exists a strong positive correlation between different types of Learning Motivation and Learning Satisfaction. The data reveal a strong correlation between motivation and satisfaction and tutor and tutorial and weak correlation Course content and organization.

Applications of this study: The study suggests that through the use of more advanced technology and more integrated technology these educational goals for distance learners can be achieved. Therefore, while preparing lessons teachers should keep in mind the maximum utility of resources, use of internet and multimedia in the most effective way to relate them to course contents for the attainment of objectives of the course.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Online distance education is not a very common research area in Pakistan. Only a handful of studies have been conducted especially considering the motivation and satisfaction of these students. Hence it is a first-hand study of its kind, and the results will be useful for Higher Education Institutes.
Wprowadzenie do filozofii matematyki
Authors: Nowaczyk Adam
Published: February 2020

Treść tej niedużej książki pokrywa się w zasadzie z treścią wykładów, które od kilku lat prowadzę dla doktorantów Wydziału Matematyki Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, wybierających w swoim przewodzie doktorskim jako dodatkowy, egzamin z filozofii. Nie są to wykłady z filozofii matematyki w pełnym tego słowa znaczeniu. Zgodnie z tytułem, stanowią one właśnie rodzaj takiego wprowadzenia do filozofii matematyki, które mogłoby ułatwić lekturę pozycji obszerniejszych, poważniejszych i źródłowych.
РАЗРАБОТКА МЕТОДИКИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ МЕСТА ОДНОФАЗНОГО ЗАМЫКАНИЯ НА ЗЕМЛЮ ВОЗДУШНОЙ ЛИНИИ ЭЛЕКТРОПЕРЕДАЧИ НАПРЯЖЕНИЕМ 6(10) кВ С УЧЕТОМ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ
Authors: Сидоров Сергей Владимирович , Сушков Валерий Валентинович , Сухачев Илья Сергеевич
Published: February 2020

Актуальность. Одной из основных причин высокой аварийности и отключений в распределенных системах электроснабжения 6(10) кВ кустов нефтяных скважин являются повреждения воздушных линий электропередачи вследствие однофазных замыканий на землю. Широко проводимые исследования по определению места возникновения однофазного замыкания на землю установили корреляцию между точностью определения и большим количеством изменяющихся факторов, таких как параметры режима работы, параметры воздушной линии электропередачи, вид повреждения, величина переходного сопротивления, сопротивление грунта и прочие, принимая их усреднённые значения, не зависимо от изменения климатических условий. Нормирование технических средств определения места возникновения однофазного замыкания на землю по инструментальным погрешностям без учёта методической составляющей обуславливает погрешность определения места повреждения, достигающую 30 %. Таким образом, актуальны исследования, направленные на определение первичных параметров ЛЭП и минимизацию методической погрешности определения места повреждения ЛЭП с учётом климатических факторов. Цель исследования заключается в повышении точности определения места возникновения однофазного замыкания на землю линии электропередачи 6(10) кВ путём разработки методики, учитывающей влияние климатических факторов. Методы. Учтены основные физические процессы распространения электромагнитной волны в линии электропередачи. Использованы основные положения теории электрических цепей и электромагнитного поля; алгоритмы пакета MATLAB Simulink. Результаты. Разработан алгоритм, позволяющий определить расстояние от понижающих подстанций 6(10)/0,4 кВ до места возникновения однофазного замыкания на землю в распределительных сетях кустов нефтяных скважин с учетом конструктивных особенностей линии электропередачи и климатических факторов. Разработана в среде MATLAB Simulink имитационная модель распределительной сети 10 кВ, питающей кусты нефтяных скважин, учитывающая зависимость первичных параметров линии электропередачи от климатических факторов и удельного сопротивления грунта.