bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Modified Technique for the Transconjunctival and Sutureless External Drainage of Subretinal Fluid in Bullous Exudative Retinal Detachment Using a 24-G i.v. Catheter
Authors: Peng Jie , Zhang Qi , Jin Haiying , Fei Ping , Zhao Peiquan
Published: September 2017

Purpose: To present the use of a 24-G Optiva® i.v. catheter for external drainage of subretinal fluid (SRF) in bullous exudative retinal detachment (RD). Methods: Thirteen eyes with bullous exudative RD were included in our study. SRF drainage was accomplished via a transconjunctival scleral incision with a 24-G catheter followed by laser treatment, vitrectomy, or anti-VEGF treatment, as needed. Data on age, indications, visual acuities, the number of drainage times, drainage duration, complications, and fundoscopy were collected. Results: Two females and 11 males, with a mean age of 4.2 ± 2.7 years, were included. Surgical indications included exudative RD caused by Coats disease (12 eyes) and Sturge- Weber syndrome (1 eye). Successful drainage was achieved in all cases. The mean duration of the SRF drainage procedure was 63.5 ± 16.9 s. Except for 1 case of localized subretinal haemorrhage, no complications were noted. Conclusions: External drainage of SRF using a 24-G Optiva® i.v. catheter is safe, efficient, and useful.
Observational Study of Perspectives of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Concerning the Use of Corticosteroids
Authors: Asl Baakhtari Sadaf , McCombie Andrew , ten Bokkel Huinink Sebastiaan , Irving Peter , Siegel Corey A. , Mulder Roger , Mulder Chris J. , Gearry Richard
Published: September 2017

Aim: We aimed to investigate the factors that make inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients more or less likely to be willing to take corticosteroids. Methods: Respondents completed a questionnaire. The primary outcome was whether the respondents would or would not use corticosteroids again to treat their IBD. Three separate univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine which variables predicted willingness to take steroids, including specific side effects. Results: Four hundred fifty three respondents (321 with Crohn's disease, 115 with ulcerative colitis; mean age 40 years, 297 [66%] female) completed the questionnaire. Corticosteroid efficacy (OR 6.83, 95% CI 3.67-12.7), lack of previous negative side effects (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.04-0.32), and positive side effects (OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.63-5.40) were associated with a willingness to use corticosteroids in the future. In multivariate analysis, weight gain (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29-0.98) and hallucinations (OR 0.28, CI 0.09-0.89) were associated with an unwillingness to use corticosteroids again, whereas increased energy (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.20-4.42) was the only significant positive side effect in a multivariate model. Conclusions: Past experiences with corticosteroids influence whether patients will take corticosteroids again. Clinicians should enquire about side effects and positive psychological symptoms associated with corticosteroid use.
Clinical Outcome for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia at the Age of 1 Year in the Era of Fetal Intervention
Authors: Van Ginderdeuren Eva , Allegaert Karel , Decaluwe Herbert , Deprest Jan , Debeer Anne , Proesmans Marijke
Published: September 2017

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an abnormal development of the diaphragm leading to high neonatal mortality and morbidity. Beyond the neonatal period, prospective data on overall long-term outcome in CDH survivors is scarce. In particular, for those treated with fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO), a promising new technique to increase survival chances for severe cases, the outcomes are even less documented. Aim: To prospectively document the clinical outcome of CDH at 1 year including FETO-treated infants in relation to ante- and postnatal variables. Methods: A single-centre prospective clinical follow-up at 1 year of age included a standardised respiratory questionnaire. Results: Thirty-four CDH survivors were included, 10 of which were FETO-treated infants. At 1 year, the median weight z score was -1.50 (interquartile range [IQR]: -2.45 to -0.88) and 10/34 were “failure to thrive” (FTT) cases. Gastro-intestinal (GI) problems at 1 year were mainly related to gastro-oesophageal reflux (16/34) with a high need for tube feeding in the first year (9/34). Tachypnoea was present in 10/29 (34%) and 8/34 (24%) were on chronic inhaled medication. The median total respiratory symptom score was 20 (IQR: 13-32) and correlated with the number of neonatal ventilation days (p = 0.048). Hospital re-admission occurred in 19/34 infants (56%), and was for respiratory problems in almost half of them (8/19). Conclusion: In this CDH cohort, morbidity at 1 year was determined more by GI problems and FTT than respiratory morbidity. The respiratory questionnaire may, however, have underestimated the respiratory morbidity since respondents had a 1-in-4 chance to have persistent tachypnoea and be on chronic inhalation therapy.
Association of Serum Potassium with All-Cause Mortality in Patients with and without Heart Failure, Chronic Kidney Disease, and/or Diabetes
Authors: Collins Allan J. , Pitt Bertram , Reaven Nancy , Funk Susan , McGaughey Karen , Wilson Daniel , Bushinsky David A.
Published: September 2017

Background: The relationship between serum potassium, mortality, and conditions commonly associated with dyskalemias, such as heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) is largely unknown. Methods: We reviewed electronic medical record data from a geographically diverse population (n = 911,698) receiving medical care, determined the distribution of serum potassium, and the relationship between an index potassium value and mortality over an 18-month period in those with and without HF, CKD, and/or DM. We examined the association between all-cause mortality and potassium using a cubic spline regression analysis in the total population, a control group, and in HF, CKD, DM, and a combined cohort. Results: 27.6% had a potassium <4.0 mEq/L, and 5.7% had a value ≥5.0 mEq/L. A U-shaped association was noted between serum potassium and mortality in all groups, with lowest all-cause mortality in controls with potassium values between 4.0 and <5.0 mEq/L. All-cause mortality rates per index potassium between 2.5 and 8.0 mEq/L were consistently greater with HF 22%, CKD 16.6%, and DM 6.6% vs. controls 1.2%, and highest in the combined cohort 29.7%. Higher mortality rates were noted in those aged ≥65 vs. 50-64 years. In an adjusted model, all-cause mortality was significantly elevated for every 0.1 mEq/L change in potassium <4.0 mEq/L and ≥5.0 mEq/L. Diuretics and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors were related to hypokalemia and hyperkalemia respectively. Conclusion: Mortality risk progressively increased with dyskalemia and was differentially greater in those with HF, CKD, or DM.
Formação dos partidos políticos no Brasil da Regência à Conciliação, 1831-1857
Authors: Needell Jeffrey D.
Published: September 2017

Os partidos se originaram de facções da Câmara lideradas por oradores que representavam oligarquias rurais e comerciais, bem como grupos urbanos mobilizados. Suas origens, evidentes na Assembléia Constituinte de 1823, consolidaram-se na "oposição liberal" de 1826-31. A maioria moderada dominou os primeiros anos da Regência, mas dividiu-se a respeito do aprofundamento da reforma liberal. Um movimento de reação levou a um novo partido majoritário em 1837, privilegiando um estado forte equilibrado com parlamento e gabinete representativos. Esse partido, posteriormente conhecido como os Conservadores, enfrentou uma oposição, depois conhecida como os Liberais que, embora compartilhassem algumas crenças liberais, inicialmente compuseram uma aliança de ocasião. Após assumir o poder, o imperador, que se mostrou desconfiado das lealdades e ambições partidárias, passou a dominar progressivamente o gabinete, aumentando seu poder, limitando os partidos e o parlamento e aumentando a autonomia do Estado, como se percebe na Conciliação e em sua herdeira, a Liga Progressista. Essas tensões explicam o significado da crise política de 1868, da Lei do Ventre Livre de 1871 e do legado de ceticismo para com o governo representativo que se seguiu.
Derradeiras transações: O comércio de escravos nos anos de 1880 (Areias, Piracicaba e Casa Branca, província de São Paulo)
Authors: Motta José Flávio
Published: September 2017

Estudamos o tráfico interno de cativos no período 1881-1887, com base em livros de registro das escrituras de transações envolvendo escravos. Selecionamos para exame as localidades paulistas de Areias, Piracicaba e Casa Branca. Todas foram municípios onde se desenvolveu a produção cafeeira e, nos anos de 1880, vivenciavam situações distintas no tocante à continuada expansão da cafeicultura pelo território de S. Paulo. Analisamos o comércio de cativos nessas situações díspares, tendo em vista o impacto, sobre ele, da proximidade crescente da abolição, do imposto proibitivo à entrada de escravos na província (desde janeiro de 1881) e da Lei dos Sexagenários (1885). Todos esses elementos, decerto, exerceram sua influência sobre o tráfico da mercadoria humana, mas não foram suficientes para encerrá-lo, ao menos até os meses finais de 1887. Características econômicas e demográficas das transações, dos contratantes e dos cativos comercializados compõem o conjunto de tópicos por nós tratados.
Notas de um debate: Comentários sobre o texto de Jeffrey Needell Formação dos partidos políticos no Brasil da Regência à Conciliação, 1831-1857
Authors: Salles Ricardo
Published: September 2017

Estas observações sobre o texto de Jeffrey Needell buscam situar suas colocações no contexto mais geral da produção historiográfica clássica sobre o Estado imperial no século XIX. Particularmente, elas se referem às potencialidades e possíveis lacunas que o texto apresenta no que diz respeito às relações entre este Estado e sua base social de sustentação.
Crônicas e cartas como laboratório multidisciplinar: a infância como tópos e o esboço de um éthos da província no Modernismo brasileiro
Authors: Dias Silvana Moreli Vicente
Published: September 2017

Pretende-se, aqui, discutir como a “infância” é dimensionada como tópos literário e se entrelaça com as perspectivas provinciana e brasileira a partir da correspondência pessoal e da obra publicada de escritores regionalista- modernistas nordestinos, tais como Gilberto Freyre, Jorge de Lima, José Lins do Rego e Manuel Bandeira. Arquivos da vida privada abrangem documentos plurais e heterogêneos, em meio aos quais as cartas ocupam espaço privilegiado como centro irradiador de relações intertextuais amplas. Veremos, assim, dispositivos afetivos e intelectuais na construção de imagens contraditórias da infância, da família e da província,  sedimentadas a partir de um diálogo tenso, por exemplo, entre rural e urbano, público e privado, província e metrópole, tradição e vanguarda.
Treze cartas inéditas de Mário de Andrade
Authors: Moraes Marcos Antonio De , Neves Rodrigo Jorge Ribeiro
Published: September 2017

Em 1946, Antonio Candido divulga, na Revista do Arquivo Municipal de São Paulo, “Mário Andrade”, homenagem ao escritor falecido em 25 de fevereiro de 1945. O crítico literário avalia a importância das cartas do criador de Macunaíma: “a sua correspondência encherá volumes e será porventura o maior monumento do gênero em língua portuguesa: terá devotos fervorosos e apenas ela permitirá uma vista completa da sua obra e do seu espírito”.
“eu estou cada vez menos sabendo o que é o Brasil”
Authors: Rodrigues Leandro Garcia
Published: September 2017

A relação entre Mário de Andrade e Augusto Frederico Schmidt (1906-1965) pode ser caracterizada pela tensão e pelo desencontro, especialmente por conta das ideologias díspares e dos projetos literários que cada um realizava: Mário na revisão da tradição e numa constante evolução estilística e formal, enquanto Schmidt insistia em manter (e até ressuscitar) fórmulas antigas da expressão poética, principalmente o seu declarado apreço pela forma parnasiana e pela temática simbolista. Ideologicamente, uma outra tensão: o conservadorismo político e religioso de Schmidt versus o ceticismo de Mário em relação não apenas à religião (católica) institucionalizada, mas também aos rumos políticos do Brasil na década de 1930.
Catete em ré menor: tensões da música na Primeira República
Authors: Nascimento Rafael
Published: September 2017

Este artigo trata do imbricamento entre cultura e política nas primeiras décadas da República tomando as disputas em torno da categoria “música popular” como um elemento privilegiado de investigação socioantropológica. Partindo de um episódio bastante conhecido entre os historiadores da música – a “Noite do Corta-jaca”, ocorrida em 26 de outubro de 1914 – e sua repercussão na imprensa, proponho entender de que modo noções como “erudito” e “popular” (ou, ainda, “alta” e “baixa” cultura) foram gestadas por uma intelectualidade obstinada a validar o novo regime perante a população.
Differentiation and Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Maguire Eithne Margaret , Xiao Qingzhong , Xu Qingbo
Published: September 2017

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a role in the development of vascular disease, for example, neointimal formation, arterial aneurysm, and Marfan syndrome caused by genetic mutations in VSMCs, but little is known about the mechanisms of the disease process. Advances in induced pluripotent stem cell technology have now made it possible to derive VSMCs from several different somatic cells using a selection of protocols. As such, researchers have set out to delineate key signaling processes involved in triggering VSMC gene expression to grasp the extent of gene regulatory networks involved in phenotype commitment. This technology has also paved the way for investigations into diseases affecting VSMC behavior and function, which may be treatable once an identifiable culprit molecule or gene has been repaired. Moreover, induced pluripotent stem cell–derived VSMCs are also being considered for their use in tissue-engineered blood vessels as they may prove more beneficial than using autologous vessels. Finally, while several issues remains to be clarified before induced pluripotent stem cell–derived VSMCs can become used in regenerative medicine, they do offer both clinicians and researchers hope for both treating and understanding vascular disease. In this review, we aim to update the recent progress on VSMC generation from stem cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms of VSMC differentiation. We will also explore how the use of induced pluripotent stem cell–derived VSMCs has changed the game for regenerative medicine by offering new therapeutic avenues to clinicians, as well as providing researchers with a new platform for modeling of vascular disease.
Large-Scale Analysis of Determinants, Stability, and Heritability of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity
Authors: Koekemoer Andrea L. , Codd Veryan , Masca Nicholas G.D. , Nelson Christopher P. , Musameh Muntaser D. , Kaess Bernhard M. , Hengstenberg Christian , Rader Daniel J. , Samani Nilesh J.
Published: September 2017

Objective—

Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) has emerged as a biomarker of coronary artery disease risk beyond plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) level. However, the determinants of CEC are incompletely characterized. We undertook a large-scale family-based population study to identify clinical, biochemical, and HDL particle parameter determinants of CEC, characterize reasons for the discordancy with HDL-C, quantify its heritability, and assess its stability over 10 to 12 years.

Approaches and Results—

CEC was quantified in 1988 individuals from the GRAPHIC (Genetic Regulation of Arterial Pressure of Humans in the Community) cohort, comprising individuals from 2 generations from 520 white nuclear families. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were determined by ultracentrifugation or nuclear magnetic resonance and HDL particle size and number quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance. Ninety unrelated individuals had repeat CEC measurements in samples collected after 10 to 12 years. CEC was positively correlated with HDL-C (
R
=0.62;
P
<0.0001). Among clinical and biochemical parameters, age, systolic blood pressure, alcohol consumption, serum albumin, triglycerides, phospholipids, and lipoprotein(a) were independently associated with CEC. Among HDL particle parameters, HDL particle number, particle size, and apolipoprotein A-II level were independently associated with CEC. Serum triglyceride level partially explained discordancy between CEC and HDL-C. CEC measurements in samples collected 10 to 12 years apart were strongly correlated (
r
=0.73;
P
<0.0001). Heritability of CEC was 0.31 (
P
=3.89×10
−14
) without adjustment for HDL-C and 0.13 (
P
=1.44×10
−3
) with adjustment.

Conclusions—

CEC is a stable trait over time, is influenced by specific clinical, serum, and HDL particle parameters factors beyond HDL-C, can be maintained in persons with a low plasma HDL-C by elevated serum triglyceride level, and is modestly independently heritable.
Variability in Total Cholesterol Is Associated With the Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Kim Mee Kyoung , Han Kyungdo , Koh Eun Sil , Kim Hun-Sung , Kwon Hyuk-Sang , Park Yong-Moon , Yoon Kun-Ho , Lee Seung-Hwan
Published: September 2017

Objective—

Recent data suggest that visit-to-visit variability of cholesterol is associated with cardiovascular events. We evaluated the role of lipid variability as a determinant of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Approach and Results—

Using nationally representative data from the Korean National Health Insurance System, 8 493 277 subjects who were free of ESRD and who underwent ≥3 health examinations during 2005 to 2010 were followed to the end of 2015. Total cholesterol (TC) variability was measured using the coefficient of variation, SD, and the variability independent of the mean. The primary outcome was the development of ESRD, defined as a combination of the relevant disease code and the initiation of renal replacement therapy. There were 11 247 cases of ESRD during a median follow-up of 6.1 years. There was a graded association between a higher TC variability and incident ESRD. In the multivariable adjusted model, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals comparing the highest versus lowest quartiles of coefficient of variation of TC were 2.66 (95% confidence interval, 2.52–2.82). The results were consistent when the variability of TC was modeled using SD and variability independent of the mean and were independent of preexisting chronic kidney disease.

Conclusions—

Increasing TC variability was associated with an increasing incidence of ESRD.
Exercise-Induced Changes in Glucose Metabolism Promote Physiological Cardiac Growth
Authors: Gibb Andrew A. , Epstein Paul N. , Uchida Shizuka , Zheng Yuting , McNally Lindsey A. , Obal Detlef , Katragadda Kartik , Trainor Patrick , Conklin Daniel J. , Brittian Kenneth R. , Tseng Michael T. , Wang Jianxun , Jones Steven P. , Bhatnagar Aruni , Hill Bradford G.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Exercise promotes metabolic remodeling in the heart, which is associated with physiological cardiac growth; however, it is not known whether or how physical activity–induced changes in cardiac metabolism cause myocardial remodeling. In this study, we tested whether exercise-mediated changes in cardiomyocyte glucose metabolism are important for physiological cardiac growth.

Methods:

We used radiometric, immunologic, metabolomic, and biochemical assays to measure changes in myocardial glucose metabolism in mice subjected to acute and chronic treadmill exercise. To assess the relevance of changes in glycolytic activity, we determined how cardiac-specific expression of mutant forms of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase affect cardiac structure, function, metabolism, and gene programs relevant to cardiac remodeling. Metabolomic and transcriptomic screenings were used to identify metabolic pathways and gene sets regulated by glycolytic activity in the heart.

Results:

Exercise acutely decreased glucose utilization via glycolysis by modulating circulating substrates and reducing phosphofructokinase activity; however, in the recovered state following exercise adaptation, there was an increase in myocardial phosphofructokinase activity and glycolysis. In mice, cardiac-specific expression of a kinase-deficient 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase transgene (Glyco
Lo
mice) lowered glycolytic rate and regulated the expression of genes known to promote cardiac growth. Hearts of Glyco
Lo
mice had larger myocytes, enhanced cardiac function, and higher capillary-to-myocyte ratios. Expression of phosphatase-deficient 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase in the heart (Glyco
Hi
mice) increased glucose utilization and promoted a more pathological form of hypertrophy devoid of transcriptional activation of the physiological cardiac growth program. Modulation of phosphofructokinase activity was sufficient to regulate the glucose–fatty acid cycle in the heart; however, metabolic inflexibility caused by invariantly low or high phosphofructokinase activity caused modest mitochondrial damage. Transcriptomic analyses showed that glycolysis regulates the expression of key genes involved in cardiac metabolism and remodeling.

Conclusions:

Exercise-induced decreases in glycolytic activity stimulate physiological cardiac remodeling, and metabolic flexibility is important for maintaining mitochondrial health in the heart.
High Perforin‐Positive Cardiac Cell Infiltration and Male Sex Predict Adverse Long‐Term Mortality in Patients With Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Escher Felicitas , Kühl Uwe , Lassner Dirk , Stroux Andrea , Gross Ulrich , Westermann Dirk , Pieske Burkert , Poller Wolfgang , Schultheiss Heinz‐Peter
Published: September 2017

Background

The authors analyzed the effects of perforin‐dependent infiltration on long‐term mortality in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy (
CM
i). We previously demonstrated that left ventricular function deteriorates and progresses to substantial cardiac dysfunction in patients with perforin‐positive cardiac cell infiltration.

Methods and Results

Between 2003 and 2013, 2389 consecutive patients with clinically suspected
CM
i who underwent endomyocardial biopsies were enrolled. Endomyocardial biopsies were performed at first admission after exclusion of ischemic or valvular heart disease, and
CM
i was confirmed in 1717 patients. Follow‐up was up to 10.1 years (median 0.47 years; interquartile range, 0.03–2.56 years) and information on vital status was obtained from official resident data files. Multivariable statistical analysis was conducted for all patients with CMi regarding significant predictors of all‐cause mortality or need for heart transplantation. Multiple Cox regression analysis revealed perforin above the calculated cutoff point of 2.9 cells/mm² as a strong predictor of impaired survival with a hazard ratio of 1.881 (95%
confidence interval
, 1.177–3.008;
P
=0.008), independent of left ventricular function and other myocardial inflammation markers (
CD
3, macrophage‐1 antigen, leukocyte function–associated antigen‐1, human leukocyte antigen‐1, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1). Unexpectedly, male sex emerged as another strong adverse predictor of survival in
CM
i (hazard ratio, 1.863;
confidence interval
, 1.096–3.168 [
P
=0.022]). Whereas left ventricular ejection fraction course is adversely affected by myocardial perforin, multivariate analysis indicates that left ventricular ejection fraction explains only part of the observed overall mortality.

Conclusions

High perforin‐positive cardiac cell infiltration and male sex are independent adverse predictors of long‐term mortality in
CM
i. Furthermore, exact quantification of immunohistochemically detected infiltrates is necessary to assess the prognosis.
Childhood Age and Associations Between Childhood Metabolic Syndrome and Adult Risk for Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Carotid Intima Media Thickness: The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium
Authors: Koskinen Juha , Magnussen Costan G. , Sinaiko Alan , Woo Jessica , Urbina Elaine , Jacobs David R. , Steinberger Julia , Prineas Ronald , Sabin Matthew A. , Burns Trudy , Berenson Gerald , Bazzano Lydia , Venn Alison , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Hutri‐Kähönen Nina , Raitakari Olli , Dwyer Terence , Juonala Markus
Published: September 2017

Background

There is paucity of knowledge concerning the specific age in youth when the associations of metabolic syndrome (MetS) begin to be operative. Thus, we investigated the relation of age to the associations of childhood MetS with adult MetS, type 2 diabetes mellitus and high carotid intima‐media thickness.

Methods and Results

Five thousand eight‐hundred three participants were analyzed in 4 cohort studies (Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns, Bogalusa Heart Study, Princeton Lipid Research Study, Insulin Study). International cutoffs and previously used 75th percentile cutoffs were used for children to define MetS and its components. Mean follow‐up period was 22.3 years. Logistic regression was used to calculate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Childhood MetS and overweight were associated with over 2.4‐fold risk for adult MetS from the age of 5 years onward. Risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus was increased from the age of 8 (risk ratio, 2.6–4.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.35–6.76 and 1.12–7.24, respectively) onward for the 2 childhood MetS criteria based on international cut‐off values and for childhood overweight. Risk for high carotid intima‐media thickness was significant at ages 11 to 18 years in relation to childhood MetS or overweight (risk ratio, 2.44–4.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.55–3.55 and 2.55–5.66, respectively). Continuous childhood MetS score was associated with adult MetS from the age of 5, with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the age of 14 and with high carotid intima‐media thickness from the age of 11 years onward.

Conclusions

Adult MetS was predicted by MetS in childhood beginning at age 5. However, adult type 2 diabetes mellitus and subclinical atherosclerosis were not predicted by childhood data until after age 8. Body mass index measurement alone at the same age points provided similar findings.
Predictors of Intramyocardial Hemorrhage After Reperfused ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Amier Raquel P. , Tijssen Ruben Y. G. , Teunissen Paul F. A. , Fernández‐Jiménez Rodrigo , Pizarro Gonzalo , García‐Lunar Inés , Bastante Teresa , van de Ven Peter M. , Beek Aernout M. , Smulders Martijn W. , Bekkers Sebastiaan C. A. M. , van Royen Niels , Ibanez Borja , Nijveldt Robin
Published: September 2017

Background

Findings from recent studies show that microvascular injury consists of microvascular destruction and intramyocardial hemorrhage (
IMH
). Patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) with
IMH
show poorer prognoses than patients without
IMH
. Knowledge on predictors for the occurrence of
IMH
after
STEMI
is lacking. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence and extent of
IMH
in patients with STEMI and its relation with periprocedural and clinical variables.

Methods and Results

A multicenter observational cohort study was performed in patients with successfully reperfused
STEMI
with cardiovascular magnetic resonance examination 5.5±1.8 days after percutaneous coronary intervention. Microvascular injury was visualized using late gadolinium enhancement and T2‐weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for microvascular obstruction and
IMH
, respectively. The median was used as the cutoff value to divide the study population with presence of
IMH
into mild or extensive
IMH
. Clinical and periprocedural parameters were studied in relation to occurrence of
IMH
and extensive
IMH
, respectively. Of the 410 patients, 54% had
IMH
. The presence of
IMH
was independently associated with anterior infarction (odds ratio, 2.96; 95%
CI
, 1.73–5.06 [
P
<0.001]) and periprocedural glycoprotein
II
b/
III
a inhibitor treatment (odds ratio, 2.67; 95%
CI
, 1.49–4.80 [
P
<0.001]). Extensive
IMH
was independently associated with anterior infarction (odds ratio, 3.76; 95%
CI
, 1.91–7.43 [
P
<0.001]). Presence and extent of
IMH
was associated with larger infarct size, greater extent of microvascular obstruction, larger left ventricular dimensions, and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (all
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Occurrence of
IMH
was associated with anterior infarction and glycoprotein
II
b/
III
a inhibitor treatment. Extensive
IMH
was associated with anterior infarction.
IMH
was associated with more severe infarction and worse short‐term left ventricular function in patients with STEMI.
Serum Neprilysin and Recurrent Admissions in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Núñez Julio , Núñez Eduardo , Barallat Jaume , Bodí Vicent , Miñana Gema , Pastor M. Cruz , Sanchis Juan , Lupón Josep , Bayes‐Genis Antoni
Published: September 2017

Background

Our aim was to evaluate the association between the soluble form of neprilysin (
sNEP
) levels and long‐term all‐cause, cardiovascular, and acute heart failure (
AHF
) recurrent admissions in an ambulatory cohort of patients with heart failure.
sNEP
has emerged as a new biomarker with promising implications for prognosis and therapy in patients with heart failure. Reducing the recurrent admission rate of heart failure patients has become an important target of public health planning strategies.

Methods and Results

We measured
sNEP
levels in 1021 consecutive ambulatory heart failure patients. End points were the number of all‐cause, cardiovascular, and
AHF
hospitalizations during follow‐up. We used covariate‐adjusted incidence rate ratios to identify associations. At a median follow‐up of 3.4 years (interquartile range: 1.8–5.7), 391 (38.3%) patients died, 477 (46.7%) patients had 1901 all‐cause admissions, 324 (31.7%) patients had 770 cardiovascular admissions, and 218 (21.4%) patients had 488
AHF
admissions. The medians for
sNEP
and amino‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide were 0.64 ng/mL (interquartile range: 0.39–1.22) and 1248 pg/mL (interquartile range: 538–2825), respectively. In a multivariate setting, the adjusted incidence rate ratios for the top (>1.22 ng/mL) versus the bottom (≤0.39 ng/mL) quartiles of
sNEP
were 1.37 (95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.82),
P
=0.032; 1.51 (95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.06),
P
=0.010; and 1.51 (95% confidence interval: 1.05–2.16),
P
=0.026 for all‐cause, cardiovascular, and
AHF
admissions, respectively.

Conclusions

Elevated
sNEP
levels predicted an increased risk of recurrent all‐cause, cardiovascular, and
AHF
admissions in ambulatory patients with heart failure.
A Systems Biology Approach to Investigating Sex Differences in Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Harrington Josephine , Fillmore Natasha , Gao Shouguo , Yang Yanqin , Zhang Xue , Liu Poching , Stoehr Andrea , Chen Ye , Springer Danielle , Zhu Jun , Wang Xujing , Murphy Elizabeth
Published: September 2017

Background

Heart failure preceded by hypertrophy is a leading cause of death, and sex differences in hypertrophy are well known, although the basis for these sex differences is poorly understood.

Methods and Results

This study used a systems biology approach to investigate mechanisms underlying sex differences in cardiac hypertrophy. Male and female mice were treated for 2 and 3 weeks with angiotensin
II
to induce hypertrophy. Sex differences in cardiac hypertrophy were apparent after 3 weeks of treatment.
RNA
sequencing was performed on hearts, and sex differences in
mRNA
expression at baseline and following hypertrophy were observed, as well as within‐sex differences between baseline and hypertrophy. Sex differences in
mRNA
were substantial at baseline and reduced somewhat with hypertrophy, as the
mRNA
differences induced by hypertrophy tended to overwhelm the sex differences. We performed an integrative analysis to identify
mRNA
networks that were differentially regulated in the 2 sexes by hypertrophy and obtained a network centered on
PPAR
α (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α). Mouse experiments further showed that acute inhibition of
PPAR
α blocked sex differences in the development of hypertrophy.

Conclusions

The data in this study suggest that
PPAR
α is involved in the sex‐dimorphic regulation of cardiac hypertrophy.
Three‐dimensional Integrated Functional, Structural, and Computational Mapping to Define the Structural “Fingerprints” of Heart‐Specific Atrial Fibrillation Drivers in Human Heart Ex Vivo
Authors: Zhao Jichao , Hansen Brian J. , Wang Yufeng , Csepe Thomas A. , Sul Lidiya V. , Tang Alan , Yuan Yiming , Li Ning , Bratasz Anna , Powell Kimerly A. , Kilic Ahmet , Mohler Peter J. , Janssen Paul M. L. , Weiss Raul , Simonetti Orlando P. , Hummel John D. , Fedorov Vadim V.
Published: September 2017

Background

Structural remodeling of human atria plays a key role in sustaining atrial fibrillation (
AF
), but insufficient quantitative analysis of human atrial structure impedes the treatment of
AF
. We aimed to develop a novel 3‐dimensional (3D) structural and computational simulation analysis tool that could reveal the structural contributors to human reentrant
AF
drivers.

Methods and Results

High‐resolution panoramic epicardial optical mapping of the coronary‐perfused explanted intact human atria (63‐year‐old woman, chronic hypertension, heart weight 608 g) was conducted during sinus rhythm and sustained
AF
maintained by spatially stable reentrant
AF
drivers in the left and right atrium. The whole atria (107×61×85 mm
3
) were then imaged with contrast‐enhancement
MRI
(9.4 T, 180×180×360‐μm
3
resolution). The entire 3D human atria were analyzed for wall thickness (0.4–11.7 mm), myofiber orientations, and transmural fibrosis (36.9% subendocardium; 14.2% midwall; 3.4% subepicardium). The 3D computational analysis revealed that a specific combination of wall thickness and fibrosis ranges were primarily present in the optically defined
AF
driver regions versus nondriver tissue. Finally, a 3D human heart–specific atrial computer model was developed by integrating 3D structural and functional mapping data to test
AF
induction, maintenance, and ablation strategies. This 3D model reproduced the optically defined reentrant
AF
drivers, which were uninducible when fibrosis and myofiber anisotropy were removed from the model.

Conclusions

Our novel 3D computational high‐resolution framework may be used to quantitatively analyze structural substrates, such as wall thickness, myofiber orientation, and fibrosis, underlying localized
AF
drivers, and aid the development of new patient‐specific treatments.
Sirtuin 3 Deficiency Accelerates Hypertensive Cardiac Remodeling by Impairing Angiogenesis
Authors: Wei Tong , Huang Gaojian , Gao Jing , Huang Chenglin , Sun Mengwei , Wu Jian , Bu Juan , Shen Weili
Published: September 2017

Background

Emerging evidence indicates that impaired angiogenesis may contribute to hypertension‐induced cardiac remodeling. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide–dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (
SIRT
3) has the potential to modulate angiogenesis, but this has not been confirmed. As such, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between
SIRT
3‐mediated angiogenesis and cardiac remodeling.

Methods and Results

Our experiments were performed on
SIRT
3 knockout and age‐matched wild‐type mice infused with angiotensin
II
(1400 ng/kg per minute) or saline for 14 days. After angiotensin
II
infusion,
SIRT
3 knockout mice developed more severe microvascular rarefaction and functional hypoxia in cardiac tissues compared with wild‐type mice. These events were concomitant with mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced collagen I and collagen
III
expression, leading to cardiac fibrosis. Silencing
SIRT
3 facilitated angiotensin
II
–induced aberrant Pink/Parkin acetylation and impaired mitophagy, while excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation limited angiogenic capacity in primary mouse cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Moreover,
SIRT
3 overexpression in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells enhanced Pink/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy, attenuated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, and restored vessel sprouting and tube formation. In parallel, endothelial cell–specific
SIRT
3 transgenic mice showed decreased fibrosis, as well as improved cardiac function and microvascular network, compared with wild‐type mice with similar stimuli.

Conclusions

Collectively, these findings suggest that
SIRT
3 could promote angiogenesis through attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction caused by defective mitophagy.
Mortality Implications of Appropriate Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy in Secondary Prevention Patients: Contrasting Mortality in Primary Prevention Patients From a Prospective Population‐Based Registry
Authors: Almehmadi Fahad , Porta‐Sánchez Andreu , Ha Andrew C. T. , Fischer Hadas D. , Wang Xuesong , Austin Peter C. , Lee Douglas S. , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy
Published: September 2017

Background

We sought to examine the mortality impact of appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (
ICD
) therapy between patients who received
ICD
for primary versus secondary prevention purposes.

Methods and Results

From a prospective, population‐based registry, we identified 7020 patients who underwent de novo
ICD
implantation between February 2007 and May 2012 in Ontario, Canada. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics and analyzed the mortality impact of first appropriate
ICD
therapy (shock and antitachycardia pacing [
ATP
]) as a time‐varying covariate. There were 1929 (27.5%) patients who received
ICD
s for secondary prevention purposes. The median follow‐up period was 5.02 years. Compared with those with secondary prevention
ICD
s, patients with primary prevention
ICD
s had more medical comorbidities, and lower ejection fraction. Patients who experienced appropriate
ICD
shock or
ATP
had greater risk of death compared with those who did not, irrespective of implant indication. In the primary prevention group, the adjusted hazard ratios of death for appropriate shock and
ATP
were 2.00 (95%
CI
: 1.72–2.33) and 1.73 (95%
CI
: 1.52–1.97), respectively. In the secondary prevention group, the adjusted hazard ratios of death for appropriate
ICD
shock and
ATP
were 1.46 (95%
CI
: 1.20–1.77) and 1.38 (95%
CI
: 1.16–1.64), respectively.

Conclusions

Despite having a more favorable clinical profile, occurrence of appropriate
ICD
shock or
ATP
in patients with secondary prevention
ICD
s was associated with similar magnitudes of mortality risk as those with primary prevention
ICD
s. A heightened degree of care is warranted for all patients who experience appropriate
ICD
shock or
ATP
therapy.
Cardiovascular Adverse Events in Patients With Cancer Treated With Bevacizumab: A Meta‐Analysis of More Than 20 000 Patients
Authors: Totzeck Matthias , Mincu Raluca Ileana , Rassaf Tienush
Published: September 2017

Background

The monoclonal antibody bevacizumab effectively inhibits angiogenesis in several types of cancers by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor. However, life‐threatening cardiovascular adverse effects could limit its use and may warrant specific follow‐up strategies.

Methods and Results

We systematically searched MEDLINE, Cochrane,
EMBASE
, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials published until November 2016 that assessed patients with cancer treated with or without bevacizumab in addition to standard chemotherapy. A total of 20 050 patients with a broad range of cancer types from 22 studies were included in this analysis (10 394 in the bevacizumab group and 9656 in the control group). The risks of arterial and venous adverse events were higher in the bevacizumab groups (relative risk [RR], 1.37; 95%
CI
, 1.10–1.70 [
P
=0.004] and
RR
, 1.29; 95%
CI
, 1.12–1.47 [
P
<0.001], respectively), and more arterial adverse events occurred in patients taking high‐dose bevacizumab regimens. Bevacizumab treatment was associated with the highest risk of cardiac and cerebral ischemia in the high‐dose bevacizumab groups (
RR
, 4.4; 95%
CI
, 1.59–12.70 [
P
=0.004] and
RR
, 6.67; 95%
CI
, 2.17–20.66 [
P
=0.001], respectively). In addition, the risk of bleeding and arterial hypertension were higher in the bevacizumab groups (
RR
, 2.74; 95%
CI
, 2.38–3.15 [
P
<0.001] and
RR
, 4.73; 95%
CI
, 4.15–5.39 [
P
<0.00001], respectively), with higher values for patiens taking high‐dose regimens.

Conclusions

Treatment with bevacizumab increases the risk of arterial adverse events, particularly cardiac and cerebral ischemia, venous adverse events, bleeding, and arterial hypertension. This risk is additionally increased with high doses of bevacizumab. Further studies should determine the appropriate options for cardio‐oncology management.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk
. Unique identifier:
PROSPERO
(
CRD
42016054305).
Effect of Multifactorial Treatment Targets and Relative Importance of Hemoglobin A1c, Blood Pressure, and Low‐Density Lipoprotein‐Cholesterol on Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population‐Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Fung Colman Siu Cheung , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Chin Weng Yee , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Chan Anca Ka Chun , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen
Published: September 2017

Background

The relative effect of hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (
LDL
‐C) (“
ABC
” factors) on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (
CVD
) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the association of key clinical parameters on
CVD
risk using a multifactorial optimal control approach in Chinese primary care patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods and Results

A population‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted on 144 271 Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus primary care patients, aged 18 to 79 and without prior clinical diagnosis of
CVD
in 2008–2011. Cox regressions were conducted to examine the association between the combinations of
ABC
targets (hemoglobin A1c <7%, blood pressure <130/90 mm Hg, and
LDL
‐C <2.6 mmol/L) and risks of
CVD
(overall), coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Achieving more
ABC
targets incrementally reduced the incidence of total
CVD
and individual disease including coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure, irrespective of other patient characteristics. Compared with suboptimal control in all
ABC
levels, achieving any 1, 2, and all 3
ABC
targets reduced the relative risk of
CVD
by 13% to 42%, 31% to 52%, and 55%, respectively. Among those achieving only 1
ABC
target,
LDL
‐C reduction was associated with the greatest
CVD
risk reduction (42%), followed by blood pressure reduction (18%), and hemoglobin A1c reduction (13%).

Conclusions

To achieve the greatest risk reduction for the incidence of
CVD
, the ultimate goal of treatment should be to achieve target control of hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, and
LDL
‐C. If it is not possible to achieve all 3 targets, efforts should be prioritized on treating the
LDL
‐C to minimize
CVD
risk.
Stones in the Landscape: Memory and Postmemory in the Yiddish Poems of David Fram
Authors: Frankel Hazel
Published: September 2017

Until the Holocaust in Lithuania annihilated 90% of its community between 1941 and 1944, Yiddish was a fully lived language with its own rich history and literature. David Fram escaped the genocide, having left his shtetl, the market town of Ponevezh in 1927. Once in South Africa, committed to the preservation of his mameloshn, his mother tongue, he created a rich body of Yiddish poetry. Though little known, his poems offer insights into the understanding of a particular Jewish survivor testimony as well as into the Lithuanian Holocaust more generally. Through detailed analysis of specific poems, this paper argues for their continued relevance, providing a valuable space for an account of aspects of memory and postmemory. In making them available to a wider audience through my own translations and transliterations in this small act of retrieval, my hope is to preserve a literary heritage and to memorialize a lost world.
Erratum: Eberhard Fischer, Dorothee Killmann, Damien Ertz & Emmanuël Sérusiaux (2017) Heterodermia pindurae (Physciaceae)—a new foliose lichen from Rwanda. Phytotaxa 311 (3): 277–282.
Authors: FISCHER EBERHARD , KILLMANN DOROTHEE , ERTZ DAMIEN , SÉRUSIAUX EMMANUËL
Published: September 2017

Due to an error, the Mycobank registration was not included in the paper. Here we add the registration and repeat the diagnosis and description.
Two New Species of Myrcia (Myrtaceae) from Brazil
Authors: FARIA JAIR E. Q. , LUCAS EVE J. , SOBRAL MARCOS
Published: September 2017

Two new species of Myrcia from the Brazilian Cerrado are described: Myrcia occulta and Myrcia matogrossensis. Notes on species morphology, phenology and conservation status are provided as well as illustrative plates and distribution maps.
Philodendron melloi (Araceae), a new species from central Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: IRUME MARIANA VICTÓRIA , SOARES MARIA DE LOURDES , MAYO SIMON J. , De CARVALHO RANGEL BATISTA , ZARTMAN CHARLES E.
Published: September 2017

A new species of Philodendron in central Amazonia, Manaus-AM, Brazil, is described and illustrated. Philodendron melloi belongs to the subgenus Philodendron and is possibly a representative of the section Tritomophyllum. This newly described species is similar to P. barrosoanum and P. hyleae, but differs Its preference for terrestrial habitats, persistence of the prophyll, intermediate-sized width of leaf base at the anterior division (1.5–5.6 cm), oblong sinus, floral sympodium with 1–4 inflorescences, 3–6 locules per ovary, and a large number (15–25) of ovules per locule, inserted along the entire length of the placenta.The other two species only have 5 (4–6) and 2 ovules per locule respectively.
Epibionts on Hydraena species (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) from high mountain rivers of Pyrenees (Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park), with the description of a new species
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ-LEBORANS GREGORIO , VALLADOLID MARÍA , ARAUZO MERCEDES , MILLÁN ANDRÉS , GABILONDO REGINA , GALLARDO MANUELA , JIMÉNEZ LUIS , RAMÍREZ-BALLESTEROS MIREYA
Published: September 2017

Macroinvertebrate samples collected during spring-summer 2013 in high mountain rivers of the Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park (Pyrenees) contained several Hydraena species (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) where we found two genera of suctorian ciliates as epibionts: Tokophrya and Discophrya. The individuals of the genus Tokophrya probably belong to species Tokophrya stenostyla, being the first time that this species is observed attached on arthropods. Suctorians of the genus Discophrya were identified as a new species called Discophrya ordesae sp. n. The presence and abundance of epibionts was discussed in the frame of the biological and ecological characteristics of the species of Hydraena where they were found.
Halosbaena okinawaensis, a new species of Thermosbaenacea (Crustacea) from submarine cave on Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan
Authors: SIHMOMURA MICHITAKA , FUJITA YOSHIHISA
Published: September 2017

A new thermosbaenacean, Halosbaena okinawaensis sp. nov. is described from a submarine cave in Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. The species differs from its congeners in having a subtrapezoidal exopod segment 1 of pereiopods 2–6, a curved penial lobe, and a telson with a pair of simple macrosetae subdistally on dorsal surface.