bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of graded exercise load on variations of certain physiological parameters in Lipizzan horses during riding – a pilot study
Authors: Čebulj-Kadunc N. , Turk A. , Kruljc P.
Published: February 2024

Scientifically sound studies investigating the influence of riders on the physiological responses of riding horses are rare. Therefore, this pilot study was aimed to investigate the physiological changes in 6 purebred Lipizzan horses during an exercise test (ExT) in an indoor arena performed by a male and a female rider with different body weights and experience levels. Respiratory rate, rectal and body surface temperature, lactate, creatinine, and cortisol concentrations were measured before (BEx) and after exercise tests (AEx) with a graded workload, while heart rate and speed were recorded telemetrically during the ExT. Measured values were within a range for warm-blooded animals and increased significantly ( to ) in both riders AEx. BST values were highest in the cranial regions of the horses, followed by the caudal and distal body regions (). The differences in values were insignificant () between the two ExTs, except the higher heart rate between the male and the female rider (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that there are no influences of rider characteristics on the physiological responses of riding horses and point to the importance of further research in the field of equine exercise testing, sports medicine, and animal welfare, which will also provide necessary knowledge for the conservation and development of the Lipizzan breed.
Reshaping the Anglo-Saxon Scop
Authors: Marmora Giuliano
Published: February 2024

This article identifies two frequently occurring motifs in novelistic adaptations of Beowulf that compellingly corroborate the fictional subversion of the narrative: the scop as the forger of the truth and personal profit as the catalyst for composition. Moreover, this article observes how these novels exist within a complex intertextual network, demonstrating how contemporary authors artfully recast Old English literary texts into their work and suggesting the influence of earlier retellings for the employment of either one or both motifs.
Revision of the rare Buprestis subgenus Akiyamaia Kurosawa, 1988 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Buprestinae), with description of two new species
Authors: QI ZHI-HAO , SU RONG-XIANG , LIAO ZHI-YU , AI HONG-MU , DING BI , SONG HAI-TIAN
Published: February 2024

In this paper, two new species of Buprestis subgenus Akiyamaia Kurosawa, 1988 are described: B. (A.) gengmini Qi & Song, new species from Yunnan Province, China and B. (A.) wenii Qi & Song, new species from Yen Bai Province, Vietnam. The descriptions and illustrations of two new species are provided, and the diagnostic characters are provided to distinguish the two new species from other related species. A key is given for identification of all Akiyamaia species.The holotype of B. (A.) costipennis (Fairmaire, 1891) and pictures of living individuals are illustrated for the first time.
Checklist and distribution of Nepomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from China
Authors: XIE TONG-YIN , HE FU-XIA , LIU GUO-QING
Published: February 2024

An updated catalog of the infraorder Nepomorpha from China is provided based on literature reports, museum specimens, and field collections. In total, 214 species of Nepomorpha are listed in 6 superfamilies, 11 families, and 37 genera, including: Aphelocheiridae (1 genus, 27 species), Belostomatidae (3 genera, 7 species), Corixidae (9 genera, 52 species), Gelastocoridae (1 genus, 3 species), Helotrephidae (5 genera, 25 species), Micronectidae (1 genus, 28 species), Naucoridae (7 genera, 12 species), Nepidae (5 genera, 21 species), Notonectidae (4 genera, 32 species), Ochteridae (1 genus, 2 species) and Pleidae (1 genus, 5 species). Paraplea liturata (Fieber, 1844) is reported from mainland China for the first time. Distribution maps are provided for most species and are based on museum specimens and our field collections.
Some taxonomic notes on Capila translucida (Leech, 1894) and C. hainana Crowley, 1900 (Hesperiidae, Pyrginae)
Authors: XUE GUOXI , INAYOSHI YUTAKA , LI MENG , ZOU ENKAI
Published: February 2024

Based on a comparison of the 658 bp COI gene sequence and adult morphology, the intraspecific variability of Capila translucida (Leech, 1894) is clarified, and both C. hainana hainana Crowley, 1900 syn. n. and C. hainana sinorientalis Huang & Ding, 1994 syn. n., of which the males are still unknown so far, are considered as junior subjective synonyms of C. translucida. The taxonomic history of the involved taxa is reviewed. Adults and genitalia of both sexes of C. translucida are illustrated.
Additional records of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Yunnan Province of China, with description of a new species
Authors: CHEN YINGWU , LI WENLIANG , WANG YING , LI WEIHAI
Published: February 2024

A new species of the genus Neoperla, N. donglaii sp. nov., is described from Yunnan Province of southwestern China. The new species is assigned to the N. lushana-complex of the N. (Formosita) subgenus due to the presence of paired, ventral spiny lobes of the aedeagus. The new species was compared with related species in the subgenus. Neoperla hamata Jewett, 1975 and N. idella Stark & Sivec, 2008 are newly recorded for China and N. quadrata Wu & Claassen, 1934 specifically from Yunnan Province, China. Neoperla quadrata had not been collected for 90 years.
New deep-water species of Augaptilidae (Multicrustacea, Copepoda, Calanoida) from the Arctic Ocean
Authors: ANDRONOV VLADIMIR N. , KOSOBOKOVA KSENIA N.
Published: February 2024

Two new species of the calanoid copepod family Augaptilidae are described from specimens collected from bathypelagic depths of the Arctic Ocean. The female of Euaugaptilus verae sp. nov. can be distinguished from other congeneric species by 1) the Md tooth arrangement, 2) the structure of Mx1, and 3) the lack of external spines on Re2 and 3 of the female P5. The female of Alrhabdus antjeboetiusae sp. nov. can be distinguished from the only species of this genus, A. johrdeae Grice, 1973, by 1) the shape of the rostrum, 2) absence of paired spinal protrusions at the posterior corners of the last pedigerous somite, 3) position of spermatheca on the genital double-somite, 4) the Md tooth arrangement, and 5) P5 endopod 1-2 lacking modified medial setae. Both species were collected in the deepest regions of the Eurasian and Canadian Basins of the Arctic Ocean in the water layers between 1000 m and the seafloor.
Design and Implementation of Temperature Sensor Based on Dynamic Current Gain Compensation Technology
Authors: Shaomin Ou , Chenlin Wei
Published: February 2024

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) temperature sensors are widely used in on-chip systems for their low cost, high integration and low power consumption. A temperature sensor based on parasitic transistor front-end and dynamic current compensation technology is proposed
in this paper, which is used to detect temperature in CMOS bipolar junction transistor. In this paper, the parasitic bipolar junction transistor (BJT) device in CMOS process and its temperature sensing principle are introduced, and a temperature sensor based on BJT temperature sensing front-end
and dynamic current compensation technology is proposed. In this scheme, the high-resolution current comparator dynamic current compensation technology is used instead of the large capacitance which is necessary in the traditional current domain temperature sensor, which not only ensures the
accuracy of the temperature sensor, but also ensures the accuracy of the temperature sensor, it also saves area and power consumption. The sensor’s control circuit uses a novel bucket search algorithm that allows current measured temperature values to be obtained by comparing as few
times as possible. In addition, threshold setting technology is adopted to further improve the temperature sensing accuracy with lower power consumption and area cost. In the end, the test results and analysis are introduced. The CMOS temperature sensor proposed in this paper has been used
in the standard 55 nm CMOS process. The test results show that the temperature range from −15 °C to 90 °C, the temperature measurement error is ± 0.5 °C and the area is only 0.021 mm2 after single point calibration.
Tailoring Microwave Absorption Performance Using Tunable Core–Shell CoNi Alloy Nanospheres
Authors: Yu Junjian , Qiu Jiahang , Umar Ahmad , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Zhang Mu , Sun Shuchen , Sui Chengfu , Yu Kuopei
Published: February 2024

In contemporary research endeavors, we have successfully synthesized a composite material endowed with extraordinary microwave absorption properties through a meticulously designed process involving the encapsulation of transition metal nanoparticles with a phenolic resin layer. This
innovative material, centered around a core–shell architecture, boasts the incorporation of transition metals Co and Ni, presenting a systematic exploration of their compositional influence on the material’s wave absorption characteristics. Our investigation unravels a sophisticated
interplay between alloy composition and microwave absorption performance. Noteworthy observations reveal a non-linear correlation between nickel content and absorption efficiency, where an initial decline precedes a subsequent augmentation. Intriguingly, this dynamic behavior is accompanied
by a gradual shift in the absorption peak towards lower frequencies, elucidating the tunable nature of the material’s performance. Crucially, the pinnacle of absorption efficiency is attained at a precisely tuned Co:Ni ratio of 2:1, underscoring the significance of alloy composition
in tailoring the material’s electromagnetic response. At an absorber thickness of 2.1 mm, our engineered material achieves a remarkable minimum reflection loss (RL) of −46.1 dB at a frequency of 13.5 GHz. This achievement is coupled with an impressive effective absorption bandwidth
spanning 5.5 GHz, indicative of the material’s versatility and applicability across a wide frequency range. The results not only highlight the efficacy of the core–shell CoNi alloy composites but also emphasize the importance of meticulous composition control in achieving optimal
microwave absorption performance. The work reported here presents a notable advancement in the synthesis of tunable microwave-absorbing materials, showcasing the potential for tailored electromagnetic responses. The intricate relationship between alloy composition and absorption characteristics
elucidated in this study opens avenues for the development of radar-absorbing materials that meet the evolving demands of reduced thickness, light weight, and enhanced absorption performance across diverse frequency ranges.
Adsorption Performance of Fe3O4/CS/HNTs Magnetic Composites on Methylene Blue
Authors: Feng Huihong , Liu Jingwen , Li Quanzhen , Feng Huixia
Published: February 2024

The Fe3O4/CS/HNTs magnetic composites with ternary embedding structure were prepared by optimizing the experimental process conditions using halloysite (HNTs) as the carrier. The effects of the amount of the composite, the reaction time and the pH of the solution
on the adsorption performance of methylene blue (MB) were also investigated. The adsorption results showed that the adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB) was up to 48.74 mg/g at pH = 8, 0.10 g of adsorbent, 50 mg/L of methylene blue (MB) and 60 min. Using the Langmuir isothermal model,
the quasi-secondary kinetic model and this calculation, it can be determined that the adsorption process is a heat absorption process that can be carried out spontaneously.
Application of Targeted Nano-Bubble Ultrasound Contrast Agent in the Detection of Arterial Intima Inflammation in Rats
Authors: Chen Jianmei , Hao Yuanyuan , Lang Jiyan , Wu Yumei , Li Songyan , Li Xinyu , Sun Yunfei
Published: February 2024

Tumor-specific antibodies or ligands were connected to the surface of nano-bubbles to form a targeted nano-bubble ultrasound contrast agent (UCA), which can accumulate in tumor tissues, enhance tumor tissue visualization, and realize extravascular disease detection and ultrasound molecular
imaging. In this research, the positive and negative charges were attracted to promote the self-assembly connection between the targeted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody and the envelope surface of the nano-bubble, thereby obtaining a tumor-specific targeted nano-bubble UCA.
Then, from the basic characterization, in vivo and in vitro ultrasound contrast performance analysis, a rat model of arterial intima inflammation in vivo was constructed. 16 Wistar rats were screened and divided into a control group and a contrast-enhanced ultrasound group.
The imaging performance of the targeted molecules was analyzed by preparing an UCA. in vitro contrast-enhanced ultrasound found that the contrast intensity of self-made targeted nano-bubbles was greatly affected by concentration, but there was no linear relationship between the two.
in vivo experiments were performed to observe rat liver contrast. The results showed that the contrast intensity and contrast time of the targeted nano-bubbles in vivo were greatly affected by the dose, and the stability in vivo was lower than the stability in vitro.
Immunohistochemical tests found that P-selectin was expressed in large amounts in the intima of damaged blood vessels. Compared with ordinary contrast agents, the prepared targeted nano-UCA after modeling can enhance the video intensity of the inner membrane (P <0.05) and prolong
the imaging time (P <0.05). It suggested that the contrast agent can specifically bind to P-selectin on the surface of vascular endothelial cells, and it was expected to be used for the detection of early inflammatory lesions in atherosclerotic diseases.
Strategies of Integrated Analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq Data
Authors: Wang Hengtao , Liang Meiling , Wu Jiajia , Peng Xia , Zhu Kuangzheng , Zheng Zhuqing
Published: February 2024

The ATAC-seq and RNA-seq have been widely used in the epigenomes analysis of mammals. However, there is a lack of comprehensive integrated analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data. Here, we explored two effective strategies for analyzing ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data using proliferation and
differentiation myoblast cells as model. One strategy is a joint analysis by integrating Hi-C data with ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data. The other strategy is to investigate the association between ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data only based on genome physical distance in the case of no availability of
Hi-C data. Hi-C data-based integrated analysis showed a strong correlation between genes and distal enhancers, particularly between genes and promoters, within the topologically associated domains (TADs) and chromatin loops. In the absence of Hi-C data, the integrated analysis based on 500
kb physical distance between genes and associated peaks revealed a strong positive correlation between gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Moreover, the function enrichment analysis indicated that both integrated analysis results could reflect the cellular states. Our proposed two
integrated analysis strategies combine ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data, which lay a foundation for subsequent epigenetics studies.
Precise Synthesis of Tetrablock Copolymers of Different Acrylamide Derivatives via Iterative Aqueous Cu(0)-Mediated Polymerization
Authors: Alsubaie Fehaid M. , Alminderej Fahad M. , Khitouni Mohamed , Mostafa Mohamed S. , Alshmmri Issa S. , Albishi Hassan S.
Published: February 2024

The accessibility of specific synthesis of tetrablock copolymers is reported. In a specific synthesis, four acrylamide monomers are gradually added using an iterative aqueous Cu(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) method. Essential to the success of this
approach is the ability to design and polymerize ABCD copolymer sequence with no need for immediate purification steps. The simple in-situ sequential polymerization method allowed for essentially perfect control of accurately well-defined tetrablock copolymers, which are composed of
four tiny blocks, each of which contains an average of ten functional monomer units of acrylamide derivatives, resulting in a variety of functional groups. While the final molecular weight distributions have very narrow despersities (Đ < 1.10), the efficient successive chain extension
polymerization proceeded with high monomer conversions (>99%), delivering excellent block purification in a short period of time. The tetrablock poly(NIPAM-DMA-HEAA-DEA) was characterized by NMR and GPC and showed beneficial end-group fidelity, allowing quantitative monitoring of the system’s
alive nature after each synthetic cycle. Importantly, these one-pot syntheses are carried out at a below temperature of 0.0 °C in water as the solvent and can be implemented for applications of molecular biology. We also investigate the potential for a copper-amide complex to develop with
acrylamide monomer, which could have an adverse effect on the end group’s functioning. Finally, we believe that this approach makes it easier to create a novel category of advanced polymeric materials.
Fabrication of Double Antireflection Layer of SiO2/SiNx via Spin Coating and Brush Painting for Enhanced Performance of Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Choi Jaeho , Shah Deb Kumar , Shaheer Akhtar M. , Umar Ahmad , Fouad Hassan , Jung In-Sung
Published: February 2024

This research investigates the optical, structural, and photovoltaic attributes of a dual antireflection (AR) layer deposition on crystalline silicon (c–Si) solar cells using second SiO2 layer on SiNx AR. The second SiO2 AR layer on a SiNx
AR-based c–Si solar cell was fabricated utilizing both spin coating and brush painting techniques, resulting in a unique double (SiO2/SiNx) AR layer. The initial SiNx AR layer was deposited on the c–Si solar cell through plasma-enhanced chemical
vapor deposition (PECVD), while the SiO2 layer was subsequently applied using two different methods such as spin coating at 5000 rpm for 20 s and brush painting, separately, on Si solar cell. The double (SiO2/SiNx) AR layer on the Si wafer exhibited a substantial
reduction in average reflectance, approximately 6.02% through spin coating and 5.17% through brush painting, within the wavelength range of 400–1000 nm when compared to a textured silicon wafer. The fabricated solar cell featuring the double (SiO2/SiNx) AR layer,
achieved a power conversion efficiency of 15.21% and 17.57% for spin coating and brush painting, respectively. The utilization of the double (SiO2/SiNx) AR layer through brush painting on the Si solar cell not only provided low reflectance but also demonstrated excellent
surface properties, making it a promising candidate for the cost-effective fabrication of high-performance Si solar cells.
Insight into the Influence of Ag Contents on Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Performance of MoN-Ag Coatings
Authors: Lu Kun , Bian Shunuo , Wu Xinmeng , Zhao Lijun , Han Haiwei , Hussain Shahid , Yu Lihua , Han Peixian , Fouad Hassan , Asiri Faisal Ali , Xu Junhua
Published: February 2024

In this document, RF magnetron sputtering to generate a set of composite coatings comprising MoN and Ag, exhibiting diverse concentrations of silver (Ag). Comprehensive investigations were conducted to scrutinize the coatings, encompassing an examination of their microstructure, mechanical
attributes, and tribological performance. This multi-faceted analysis leveraged state-of-the-art techniques, such as XRD, SEM, HRTEM, EDS, etc. Our research findings suggest that the MoN-Ag coatings revealed a composite composition, comprising structures of fcc-Mo2N and fcc-Ag.
As the Ag content was elevated, the coating’s hardness initially exhibited a gradual augmentation before subsequently declining after reaching its zenith, with the highest hardness recorded at 26.7 GPa. At room temperature, the MoN-Ag coating displayed a distinctive tribological behavior,
where the average friction coefficient experienced an initial rapid reduction followed by a gradual increment. Notably, the coefficient reached its nadir at 0.38 with an Ag content of 3.90 at.%. Moreover, the wear rate of the coatings exhibited a similar trend, registering a slight decline
followed by an increase as the Ag content was augmented, with the lowest recorded value being 1.63×10−8 mm3N−1mm−1 at an Ag content of 1.61 at.%. In the case of MoN-Ag coatings, the average friction coefficient initially exhibited
an increase, followed by a swift decline as the temperature rose from ambient to higher levels. This coefficient reached its lowest value, 0.29, at 600 °C. In contrast, the wear rate showed a steady escalation in line with the temperature increase, peaking at a maximum of 2.77×10−7
mm 3 N−1mm−1 at 600 °C.
The impact of COVID-19 on clinical forensic medicine and forensic psychiatry: A literature review
Authors: Xu Yangqi , Parkin Jo Ann , Cunningham Nicola
Published: February 2024

Purpose:The COVID-19 pandemic prompted significant challenges in clinical forensic medicine and forensic psychiatry and emphasised the need for sustainable service delivery. Both fields faced difficulties in maintaining services due to COVID-19 precautions and limited referrals. This review examined the changes in forensic practices, aiming to understand their impact and learn from them to inform future strategies. Methods: A search was conducted across Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid Emcare and PubMed, and webpages of governments and other organisations. Studies were included if they assessed any change that occurred in clinical forensic medicine or forensic psychiatry during the pandemic. A narrative review with a systematic approach was undertaken. Results: A total of 27 articles were included. There was a notable decrease in the volume of forensic assessments in early 2020. The numbers gradually rebounded with the easing of restrictions yet have not fully returned to pre COVID-19 levels. Telemedicine and COVID-19 precautions were widely incorporated into forensic services, which were seen to disrupt the patient–doctor dynamics, restrict the setting of examinations and complicate work processes and sample handling steps. Conclusion: This is the first review that describes the pandemic-driven changes in clinical forensic medicine and forensic psychiatry in respect of case trends and incorporation of COVID-19 precautions. The pandemic emphasised the need for adaptability and adoption of new assessment approaches in forensic services. Technology, like telemedicine, emerged as a valuable tool, enhancing accessibility for individuals in remote or high-risk areas. It is necessary to review the changes and re-evaluate their impacts in the post COVID-19 era.
Abductive Cross-Case Comparison in Qualitative Research: Methodological Lessons from the Teamwork Study of Professional Change
Authors: Pedersen Inge Kryger , Blok Anders
Published: February 2024

The authors argue that hitherto separate methodological conversations about abduction and comparison can be fruitfully brought together to generate novel, well-founded insights and retheorize an object of study in multiple-case qualitative inquiry. The authors call this abductive cross-case comparison and illustrate it by way of a collective study of how professional boundary work is changing under transnational conditions. In this study, the authors faced a common challenge in qualitative-comparative research: what to do when initial observations generate “surprises” that seem to confound the theoretical frameworks undergirding the comparison? To discuss how abductive inferences supported the authors’ response to this challenge, they explicate the acts of discovery and (re)conceptualization involved through various steps in a team-based research process. Building on the existing qualitative comparison literature, the authors suggest that such procedures fill a methodological gap and may hold great promise for overcoming obstacles in designing and implementing comparative research. Overall, the authors explicate and illustrate the method of abductive cross-case comparison, including their work as a research team. The aim of this article is thus to help sociologists implement better qualitative research that leverages a fuller potential of comparative designs to push beyond established knowledge and frameworks.
Age and Chronic and Temporary Criminality: Associations With Implicit and Explicit Criminal Identities
Authors: Veysey Bonita M. , Rivera Luis M.
Published: February 2024

This cross-disciplinary study investigates how and why age may be related to explicit and implicit criminal identity (ICI). The current study replicates previous research and investigates the effect of an experimental manipulation of making criminality temporarily salient on implicit and explicit identity, and whether this effect is moderated by the age of the participant. Study 1 replicated the results of the original study. Study 2 found that, among those in the control condition, older participants had a stronger ICI than younger participants. However, younger participants in the experimental condition had a significantly stronger ICI compared to younger participants in the control condition (and older participants in the experimental and control conditions did not differ). When criminality was made salient, the strength of the ICI among younger participants was similar to that of older participants. These findings add to the discussion of the criminality onset, persistence, and desistance across age groups.
Historical Evolution of Trade Fairs against Urban Evolution: Divergence and Convergence of Thessaloniki Fair with International Practice
Authors: Kourkouridis Dimitris , Frangopoulos Ioannis , Kapitsinis Nikolaos
Published: February 2024

This paper conceptualizes trade fairs as complex socio-spatial phenomena, which are constantly transformed, following socio-economic change, and reflect aspects of social and urban life. Methodologically, we apply a longitudinal systematic comparative analysis of historical fair evolution between international practice and the case of the city of Thessaloniki, exploring convergence and divergence, throughout the historical evolution of the city. It is shown that Thessaloniki fair exhibits similarities and differences vis-à-vis the international practice, with these linking to the socio-economic conditions of the city. Fair activity in Thessaloniki exhibits a time lag in integration of international practices while incorporating economic, social, cultural, and political dimensions. Particularly within the conditions of the 2008 global economic crisis, Thessaloniki fair emerges as a hybrid model that combines fairs’ strategies and social and urban practices with aspects of pre-modern, modern, and post-modern fair forms, significantly influenced by the historical evolution of the urban context.
CFO Accounting Expertise and SEC Comment Letter Process
Authors: Kwon Soo Young , Lim Jee-Hae , Park Jongwon
Published: February 2024

In this study, we explore the expanded role of chief financial officers (CFOs) in facilitating corporate disclosure by examining how their accounting expertise influences the resolution process of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) comment letters issued on 10-K reports. Using CFO professional profile data collected extensively through EDGAR, Lexis-Nexis, and several online searches, we find that CFO accounting expertise improves the resolution of SEC comment letters by reducing the remediation costs and the likelihood of unfavorable resolution outcomes. We also show that the effect of CFO accounting expertise is more pronounced when the CFO’s involvement in the resolution process is greater, and the SEC comment letter includes comments on accounting topics. Our findings are robust to a battery of robustness tests. Overall, this study highlights the importance of CFOs’ role and function in regulatory compliance.

JEL codes: G14; G30; M40; M41; M48
Knowledge, Application, and Self-Efficacy in Implementing Behavior Management Strategies: A Brief Report on Preliminary Findings From Secondary Data
Authors: McGuire Stacy N. , Xia Yan , Meadan Hedda
Published: February 2024

Students with mental health needs, behavioral support needs, and/or emotional disturbance can engage in internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, or both. Preservice and induction phase elementary general education teachers are reported to have limited education in providing evidence-based behavior management strategies, especially for students who engage in internalizing and/or externalizing behaviors. There is little understanding as to the differences in elementary general education teachers’ knowledge, application, and self-efficacy in applying evidence-based behavior management strategies between preservice teachers, first-year teachers, second-year teachers, and third-year teachers. The purpose of this preliminary secondary data analysis was to examine differences in U.S. elementary general education teacher knowledge, application, and self-efficacy in evidence-based behavior management strategies from preservice to induction phase teaching. Results indicated third-year teachers had significantly less behavior management knowledge than preservice teachers. All other results were nonsignificant; however, there were practical differences when comparing the four groups on the knowledge and application measures. Implications for findings indicate the need for induction programs to focus on evidence-based behavior management strategies to support the development of behavior management for induction phase elementary education teachers as they progress through their first 3 years of teaching.
The Transaction Costs of the Administrative Presidency: Evidence From a Trump-Era Clean Water Act Enforcement Reduction
Authors: Barnes Jesse L. , Farmer Jayce L.
Published: February 2024

Over the last two decades, political polarization has gridlocked federal congressional capacity to meet environmental regulatory demands. As a result, presidential authority has expanded to overcome this legislative impediment leading to a new era of “administrative presidency.” In this new era, presidents have increasingly used their administrative authority to meet politically driven environmental goals. Yet, we still know little about how federal-level executive political actions impact the outcomes and operations of local regulatory environmental systems. This study fills this scholarly void by empirically testing the effect of a federal COVID-19 Clean Water Act (CWA) enforcement reduction on Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) implementation outcomes for local community water systems (CWSs) sourcing from surface waters (SWs). Using a framework grounded in transaction cost federalism, we argue that a politically motivated executive reduction in federal CWA enforcement is associated with poor local SDWA implementation outcomes. We test this assumption with a differences-in-differences econometric approach using data drawn from the federal Safe Drinking Water Information System database. Our findings suggest that the CWA enforcement reduction resulted in an over 50% increase in SDWA health violations by CWSs sourcing from SWs. The implications of this study extend to U.S. water policy and environmental federalism, highlighting the need for better coordination between the CWA and SDWA and the potential risks associated with relying on broadened executive actions to drive U.S. environmental policy. Further research is warranted to understand the consequences of administrative policy changes on U.S. environmental governance.
Determinants of State Infrastructure Spending: Testing Punctuated Equilibrium and Social Vulnerability Theories
Authors: Nukpezah Julius A. , Ahmadu Aisha S.
Published: February 2024

Subnational U.S. governments retain the primary responsibility of constructing and preserving the public infrastructure that connects communities and businesses, enhances public service delivery, and promotes economic development in their jurisdiction. Drawing from punctuated equilibrium and social vulnerability theories for context, the present study investigates the determinants of state infrastructure spending, specifically roads and highways and transit systems. It utilizes balanced panel data on 50 U.S. states over 17 time periods and fixed-effects regressions with year dummies in its investigation. Evidence shows that state infrastructure spending is influenced by disaster events as well as social vulnerability factors. However, the effects of disasters and social vulnerability factors on state infrastructure spending depend on the infrastructure categories, suggesting that the determinants are more nuanced than extant studies indicate.
The Nature of Labor’s Vulnerability to Exploitation
Authors: Eswaran Mukesh
Published: February 2024

I identify a hitherto unrecognized contribution of labor to production stemming from an innate sense of psychological ownership of the fruits of one’s labor. This is rooted in the consciousness accompanying all human activities and is distinct from legal ownership. Consciousness is inalienable; it cannot be contracted on. Labor’s psychological ownership generates quasi-rents, which can be appropriated by capitalist firms with market power. Monopsony power, now empirically seen to be ubiquitous in labor markets, has more serious efficiency and equity consequences than recognized. In a neoclassical framework, I also show why labor is uniquely vulnerable to exploitation—reconciling it with Marxian views. If capitalist owners are taken to be unaware of their workers’ psychological ownership, this exploitation occurs even in competitive labor markets.

JEL Classification: P12, J22, J3, J42, D41
The Social Negotiations of “Girls Like Us”: What Text-Messaging Dyadic Interactions Reveal About the Lives of Queer, Lesbian, and Bisexual Girls Living in the United States
Authors: Saewyc Elizabeth , MacIntosh Lori , Burton Cayley , Nath Ronita , Millar Shannon , Ybarra Michele
Published: February 2024

While there is emerging literature addressing the gendered nature of digital communication between youth, research about the everyday communications, friendships, and social relations of LGBTQ+ youth remains sparse. This study explores how 14 to 18-year-old, cisgender lesbian, bisexual, and queer girls living in the United States come to understand themselves and others in dyadic text messaging conversations of girls who were previously unknown to each other. Using grounded theory, this secondary data analysis identified the pervasiveness of heteronormative frameworks in participants’ communications with each other. Findings indicate that both digitally-mediated expressions of selfhood and queer identity are dynamic processes significantly shaped by normative discourses and participants’ desire to connect. Drawing on and contributing to girlhood and youth studies, this research provides insight into how queer cisgender girls construct literacies of self, sexuality, and gender, and establish connection, and how they resist heteronormativity to validate their own and each other’s sexual identities.
“Our Social Lives Were Kind of Ruined”: Challenges and Sources of Support During COVID-19 Distance Learning Among Latinx High School Students
Authors: Espinoza Guadalupe , Mariano JudelMay E. , Blanco Allyson N.
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to better understand Latinx adolescents’ experiences during the pandemic and the transition to distance learning. Guided by the community cultural wealth framework, this study focuses on the key challenges and the sources of support that Latinx adolescents relied on during this unique period. Participants included 40 Latinx high school students from Southern California (28 female, 12 male; 75% Mexican or Mexican-American) between the ages of 14 and 17. A semi-structured interview was conducted with each participant; a thematic analysis approach was used to identify the key themes. Five themes emerged as the prominent challenges Latinx adolescents faced during the transition to distance learning. These challenges included disrupted peer relations, academic and motivation difficulties, home distractions, distant teacher relations, and poor mental health. In terms of the sources of support and coping resources to manage these challenges, the four key themes were supportive teacher relations, positive friend interactions, future aspirations, and supportive family relations. The findings provide insights into Latinx adolescents’ experiences and sources of stress and support during distance learning. The findings have implications for how schools can best support Latinx youth with the transition to in-person schooling.
The Impact of Pupil Constriction on the Relationship Between Melanopic EDI and Melatonin Suppression in Young Adult Males
Authors: Schöllhorn Isabel , Stefani Oliver , Lucas Robert J. , Spitschan Manuel , Epple Christian , Cajochen Christian
Published: February 2024

The pupil modulates the amount of light that reaches the retina. Not only luminance but also the spectral distribution defines the pupil size. Previous research has identified steady-state pupil size and melatonin attenuation to be predominantly driven by melanopsin, which is expressed by a unique subgroup of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) that are sensitive to short-wavelength light (~480 nm). Here, we aimed to selectively target the melanopsin system during the evening, while measuring steady-state pupil size and melatonin concentrations under commonly experienced evening light levels (<90 lx). Therefore, we used a five-primary display prototype to generate light conditions that were matched in terms of L-, M-, and S-cone-opic irradiances, but with high and low melanopic irradiances (~3-fold difference). Seventy-two healthy, male participants completed a 2-week study protocol. The volunteers were assigned to one of the four groups that differed in luminance levels (27-285 cd/m2). Within the four groups, each volunteer was exposed to a low melanopic (LM) and a high melanopic (HM) condition. The two 17-h study protocols comprised 3.5 h of light exposure starting 4 h before habitual bedtime. Median pupil size was significantly smaller during HM than LM in all four light intensity groups. In addition, we observed a significant correlation between melanopic weighted corneal illuminance (melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance [mEDI]) and pupil size, such that higher mEDI values were associated with smaller pupil size. Using pupil size to estimate retinal irradiance showed a qualitatively similar goodness of fit as mEDI for predicting melatonin suppression. Based on our results here, it remains appropriate to use melanopic irradiance measured at eye level when comparing light-dependent effects on evening melatonin concentrations in healthy young people at rather low light levels.
Prevalence of Parental Violent Discipline Toward Children: Findings From A Portuguese Population
Authors: Abrahamyan Armine , Soares Sara , Fraga Sílvia , Barros Henrique
Published: February 2024

Despite recognizing the detrimental impact of parental violence on children’s mental and physical health throughout their lives, violence remains an all-too-real part of life for many children around the globe. However, data on the child-reported prevalence of experienced family violence are scarce and primarily based on parental reports. This study aimed to broaden the body of evidence and measure the lifetime prevalence of child-reported experience of violent disciplinary practices perpetrated by parents and to identify its associated sociodemographic and economic factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from 5,281 Generation XXI participants recruited from 2005 to 2006 in Porto, Portugal. Parental disciplinary practices were reported by 7-year-old children using the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale. Pearson’s Chi-squared test was used to compare differences in child-reported frequencies of violent disciplinary practices by sociodemographic variables. We observed statistically significant differences in rates of violent disciplinary practices according to the child’s and parent’s gender. Specifically, fathers exhibited a higher likelihood than mothers to engage in psychological aggression and corporal punishment, while mothers were more prone to engage in severe and very severe physical assault. When fathers were the perpetrators, boys were more inclined than girls to report all forms of violent disciplinary measures, and when mothers were the perpetrators, boys were particularly susceptible to severe and very severe physical assault compared to girls. In our study, children reported being frequently subjected to violent parental disciplinary practices, independently of family socioeconomic background. Children were more likely to experience psychological aggression and corporal punishment if they were born into high-income families, while severe and very severe physical assaults were more common among children whose parents had lower educational levels. National public awareness of the negative effects of violent disciplinary practices is urgently needed, promoting child-friendly and nonviolent approaches to discipline.
Strategic Change in Family Firms: A Review From an Institutional Environment and Firm Size Perspective
Authors: Skorodziyevskiy Vitaliy , Sherlock Chelsea , Su Emma , Chrisman James J. , Dibrell Clay
Published: February 2024

Using a framework that intersects strategic management and institutional economics, we show how differences in institutional environments and firm resources influence different types of strategic change (i.e., internationalization, innovation, and diversification) in family firms. We review 193 quantitative and qualitative articles to identify differences in strategic change and their performance consequences among family firms and between family and nonfamily firms. We conclude that institutional environments and firm resources impact not only the extent family firms engage in different types of strategic change but also their performance and long-term survival.
Governance modes, mayoral leadership and transitions to public sector co-creation across Europe
Authors: Regal Britt , Ferlie Ewan , Aagaard Peter , Vrbek Sanja
Published: February 2024

Increasing interest in ‘co-creation’ raises an intriguing question about the role that political leaders can play. This role may have changed as wider models of public governance have evolved from Traditional Public Administration and New Public Management to more collaborative and networked approaches. With growing recognition that local solutions to complex public policy problems are needed, the role of mayors as important political leaders has come into sharp focus, yet few have considered how governance context influences political leadership of co-creation. Drawing on strands of theory on public governance and leadership, we specify how extant governance models can influence political leaders’ attempts to inspire co-creation. We illustrate these proposals by showing how mayors performed leadership to inspire co-creation in two contrasting cases drawn from Roskilde, Denmark, and Ljubljana, Slovenia. We demonstrate, counterintuitively, that an embedded form of TPA that coincided with a hierarchical approach to leadership better supported the adoption of co-creation. Thus, we propose that mayors may resourcefully adapt co-creation to local contexts. Political leaders may find these conclusions insightful for understanding how governance context may impact their co-creation efforts.
Empirical investigation on controlled porosity level and dry sliding wear behavior of Al7075-(T6) doped with SiC+MoS2 based hybrid composites via advanced vacuum-assisted stir casting
Authors: Singh Nikhilesh , Deepika Deepika
Published: February 2024

This paper investigated Al-based hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) comprised of Al7075-(T6) base metal matrix doped with SiC+MoS2 reinforced particles for high-strength, lightweight, and wear-resistant applications. Taguchi’s design of L9 orthogonal array (OA) with three process variables having different levels (such as SiC particle (2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 wt.%), MoS2 particle (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 wt.%), and stirring speed (580, 600, and 620 rpm)) has been selected for fabrication of Al-based HMMCs via an advanced vacuum-assisted stir casting route. The controlled porosity level and dry sliding wear behavior (i.e. wear loss) of fabricated hybrid composites at an ambient temperature of 35°C have been conducted. Besides, metallographic evaluation was inspected through optical microscopy, high-resolution FESEM, and SEM-EDS techniques. Furthermore, experimental outcomes obtained from Taguchi’s design of experimentation were optimized by analysis of variance (ANOVA); and also validated through an artificial neural network (ANN) modeling with a network topology of 3-10-2. The results concluded that a homogeneous dispersion of reinforced particles over the base metal matrix (with controlled both abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms of worn surfaces). Moreover, a significant reduction in porosity level (up to 29.41%) and wear loss (up to 4.94%) of the proposed hybrid specimen (S4) as compared with an unreinforced specimen (S0). In addition, the predicted values obtained from the ANN model were confirmed in close proximity to Taguchi’s experimental outcomes (with less percentage error), which in turn certified the authentication of the constructed ANN model for the Al-based HMMCs.
Examining the reliability of selected materials for the Indonesian small satellite by electron beam machine
Authors: Pratomo Bina , Budiantoro Poki Agung , Karim Abdul , Tahir Andi Mukhtar , Fitrianingsih Ery , Nasser Eriko Nasemudin , Ahmad Nizam , Mayditia Hasan , Darsono  , Slamet Widodo , Saefurrochman  , Nuraini Elin
Published: February 2024

The interaction of charged particles and satellites can result in partial or total loss, leading to the satellite’s inoperable. Charging on the satellite is the dominant cause of malfunctions and failures of satellite components. Damage mitigation can be done through a series of experiments in which materials and satellite components are bombarded with high- energy electrons. In this study, electrons are generated and accelerated using an electron beam machine (EBM). The test material and electronic components are placed beneath the EBM’s beam window, where a 300 keV electron beam bombards them uniformly. The experimental results show that the electron beam can penetrate all the test materials used as shields within 20 s, and the absorbance levels range between 67% and 98%. The penetration depths span between 0.16 and 0.46 mm and agree with the Kanaya-Okayama calculation. The values of stopping power for most materials show the ineffectiveness of materials for shielding. However, increasing the thickness, such as in the MLI case, can reduce the level of electron radiation absorption. This experiment provides recommendations on the selection of materials used for equatorial satellite shielding, particularly the next Indonesian LEO equatorial satellite, both in terms of material and size.