bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Housekeeping in the Hydrosphere: Microbial Cooking, Cleaning, and Control under Stress
Authors: Biddanda Bopaiah , Dila Deborah , Weinke Anthony , Mancuso Jasmine , Villar-Argaiz Manuel , Medina-Sánchez Juan Manuel , González-Olalla Juan Manuel , Carrillo Presentación
Published: February 2021

Who’s cooking, who’s cleaning, and who’s got the remote control within the waters blanketing Earth? Anatomically tiny, numerically dominant microbes are the crucial “homemakers” of the watery household. Phytoplankton’s culinary abilities enable them to create food by absorbing sunlight to fix carbon and release oxygen, making microbial autotrophs top-chefs in the aquatic kitchen. However, they are not the only bioengineers that balance this complex household. Ubiquitous heterotrophic microbes including prokaryotic bacteria and archaea (both “bacteria” henceforth), eukaryotic protists, and viruses, recycle organic matter and make inorganic nutrients available to primary producers. Grazing protists compete with viruses for bacterial biomass, whereas mixotrophic protists produce new organic matter as well as consume microbial biomass. When viruses press remote-control buttons, by modifying host genomes or lysing them, the outcome can reverberate throughout the microbial community and beyond. Despite recognition of the vital role of microbes in biosphere housekeeping, impacts of anthropogenic stressors and climate change on their biodiversity, evolution, and ecological function remain poorly understood. How trillions of the smallest organisms in Earth’s largest ecosystem respond will be hugely consequential. By making the study of ecology personal, the “housekeeping” perspective can provide better insights into changing ecosystem structure and function at all scales.
Measurement and Analysis of Residual Stresses and Warpage in Fiber Reinforced Plastic and Hybrid Components
Authors: Wu Tao , Tinkloh Steffen , Tröster Thomas , Zinn Wolfgang , Niendorf Thomas
Published: February 2021

Glass/carbon fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP/CFRP) and hybrid components have attracted increasing attention in lightweight applications. However, residual stresses induced in the manufacturing process of these components can result in warpage and, eventually, negatively affect the mechanical performance of the composite structures. In the present work, GFRP, CFRP, GFRP/steel and CFRP/steel hybrid components were manufactured through the prepreg-press-technology always employing the same process parameters. The residual stresses of these components were measured through the hole drilling method (HDM), based on an adequate formalism to evaluate the residual stresses for orthotropic materials including the calculation of the calibration coefficients via finite element analysis (FEA). In FEA, the real material lay-up and mechanical properties of the samples were considered. The warpage induced by residual stresses was measured after the samples were removed from the tool. The measured residual stresses and warpage of four different types of samples were compared and results were analyzed in depth. The results obtained can be extended to other hybrid materials and even could be used for designing multi-stable laminates for application in adaptive structures. Moreover, the effects of the drilling process parameters of HDM, e.g., the drilling speed, the drilling increment and the zero-depth setting, on the resulting residual stresses of GFRP were investigated. The reliability of residual stress measurements in GFRP using HDM was validated through mechanical bending tests. The conclusions concerning the choice of optimal drilling parameters for GFRP could be directly applied for other types of samples considered in the present work.
The Metano Modeling Toolbox MMTB: An Intuitive, Web-Based Toolbox Introduced by Two Use Cases
Authors: Koblitz Julia , Will Sabine , Riemer S. , Ulas Thomas , Neumann-Schaal Meina , Schomburg Dietmar
Published: February 2021

Genome-scale metabolic models are of high interest in a number of different research fields. Flux balance analysis (FBA) and other mathematical methods allow the prediction of the steady-state behavior of metabolic networks under different environmental conditions. However, many existing applications for flux optimizations do not provide a metabolite-centric view on fluxes. Metano is a standalone, open-source toolbox for the analysis and refinement of metabolic models. While flux distributions in metabolic networks are predominantly analyzed from a reaction-centric point of view, the Metano methods of split-ratio analysis and metabolite flux minimization also allow a metabolite-centric view on flux distributions. In addition, we present MMTB (Metano Modeling Toolbox), a web-based toolbox for metabolic modeling including a user-friendly interface to Metano methods. MMTB assists during bottom-up construction of metabolic models by integrating reaction and enzymatic annotation data from different databases. Furthermore, MMTB is especially designed for non-experienced users by providing an intuitive interface to the most commonly used modeling methods and offering novel visualizations. Additionally, MMTB allows users to upload their models, which can in turn be explored and analyzed by the community. We introduce MMTB by two use cases, involving a published model of Corynebacterium glutamicum and a newly created model of Phaeobacter inhibens.
Novel Insights into Mice Multi-Organ Metabolism upon Exposure to a Potential Anticancer Pd(II)-Agent
Authors: Carneiro Tatiana J. , Araújo Rita , Vojtek Martin , Gonçalves-Monteiro Salomé , Diniz Carmen , Batista de Carvalho Ana L. M. , Marques M. Paula M. , Gil Ana M.
Published: February 2021

Pd(II)-compounds are presently regarded as promising anticancer drugs, as an alternative to Pt(II)-based drugs (e.g., cisplatin), which typically trigger severe side-effects and acquired resistance. Dinuclear Pd(II) complexes with biogenic polyamines such as spermine (Pd2Spm) have exhibited particularly beneficial cytotoxic properties, hence unveiling the importance of understanding their impact on organism metabolism. The present study reports the first nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics study to assess the in vivo impact of Pd2Spm on the metabolism of healthy mice, to identify metabolic markers with possible relation to biotoxicity/side-effects and their dynamics. The changes in the metabolic profiles of both aqueous and lipophilic extracts of mice kidney, liver, and breast tissues were evaluated, as a function of drug-exposure time, using cisplatin as a reference drug. A putative interpretation was advanced for the metabolic deviations specifically triggered by Pd2Spm, this compound generally inducing faster metabolic response and recovery to control levels for all organs tested, compared to cisplatin (except for kidney lipid metabolism). These results constitute encouraging preliminary metabolic data suggestive of potential lower negative effects of Pd2Spm administration.
Plant Long Noncoding RNAs: New Players in the Field of Post-Transcriptional Regulations
Authors: Fonouni-Farde Camille , Ariel Federico , Crespi Martin
Published: February 2021

The first reference to the “C-value paradox” reported an apparent imbalance between organismal genome size and morphological complexity. Since then, next-generation sequencing has revolutionized genomic research and revealed that eukaryotic transcriptomes contain a large fraction of non-protein-coding components. Eukaryotic genomes are pervasively transcribed and noncoding regions give rise to a plethora of noncoding RNAs with undeniable biological functions. Among them, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) seem to represent a new layer of gene expression regulation, participating in a wide range of molecular mechanisms at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In addition to their role in epigenetic regulation, plant lncRNAs have been associated with the degradation of complementary RNAs, the regulation of alternative splicing, protein sub-cellular localization, the promotion of translation and protein post-translational modifications. In this review, we report and integrate numerous and complex mechanisms through which long noncoding transcripts regulate post-transcriptional gene expression in plants.
Continuous Light Does Not Compromise Growth and Yield in Mini-Cucumber Greenhouse Production with Supplemental LED Light
Authors: Lanoue Jason , Zheng Jingming , Little Celeste , Grodzinski Bernard , Hao Xiuming
Published: February 2021

Continuous lighting (CL, 24 h) can reduce the light intensity/light capital costs used to achieve the desired amount of light for year-round greenhouse vegetable production in comparison to short photoperiods of lighting. However, growth under CL has led to leaf injury characterized by chlorosis unless a thermoperiod or alternating light spectrum during CL is used. To date, there is no literature relating to how cucumbers (Cucumissativus) respond to CL with LEDs in a full production cycle. Here, we evaluated a mini-cucumber cv. “Bonwell” grown under 4 supplemental lighting strategies: Treatment 1 (T1, the control) was 16 h of combined red light and blue light followed by 8 h of darkness. Treatment 2 (T2) had continuous (24 h) red light and blue light. Treatment 3 (T3) was 16 h of red light followed by 8 h of blue light. Treatment 4 (T4) was 12 h of red light followed by 12 h of blue light. All treatments had a supplemental daily light integral (DLI) of ~10 mol m−2 d−1. Plants from all treatments showed similar growth characteristics throughout the production cycle. However, plants grown under all three CL treatments had higher chlorophyll concentrations from leaves at the top of the canopy when compared to T1. The overall photosynthetic capacity, light use efficiency, and photosynthetic parameters related to light response curves (i.e., dark respiration, light compensation point, quantum yield, and photosynthetic maximum), as well as the quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII; Fv/Fm) were similar among the treatments. Plants grown under all CL treatments produced a similar yield compared to the control treatment (T1). These results indicate that mini-cucumber cv. “Bonwell” is tolerant to CL, and CL is a viable and economical lighting strategy for mini-cucumber production.
Unexpected Vulnerability to High Temperature in the Mediterranean Alpine Shrub Erysimum scoparium (Brouss. ex Willd.) Wettst
Authors: González-Rodríguez Águeda María , Pérez-Martín Eva María , Brito Patricia , Fernández-Marín Beatriz
Published: February 2021

Current understanding of the effects of extreme temperature on alpine evergreens is very limited for ecosystems under Mediterranean climate (characterised by a drought period in summer), despite being exceptionally biodiverse systems and highly vulnerable under a global change scenario. We thus assessed (i) seasonal change and (ii) effect of ontogeny (young vs. mature leaves) on thermal sensitivity of Erysimum scoparium, a keystone evergreen of Teide mountain (Canary Islands). Mature leaves were comparatively much more vulnerable to moderately high leaf-temperature (≥+40 and <+50 °C) than other alpine species. Lowest LT50 occurred in autumn (−9.0 ± 1.6 °C as estimated with Rfd, and −12.9 ± 1.5 °C with Fv/Fm). Remarkably, young leaves showed stronger freezing tolerance than mature leaves in spring (LT50 −10.3 ± 2.1 °C vs. −5.6 ± 0.9 °C in mature leaves, as estimated with Rfd). Our data support the use of Rfd as a sensitive parameter to diagnose temperature-related damage in the leaves of mountain plants. On a global change scenario, E. scoparium appears as a well-prepared species for late-frost events, however rather vulnerable to moderately high temperatures.
Didymo and Its Polysaccharide Stalks: Beneficial to the Environment or Not?
Authors: Ejaz Hurmat , Somanader Esther , Dave Uday , Ehrlich Hermann , Rahman M. Azizur
Published: February 2021

Didymosphenia geminata diatoms, or Didymo, was first found to be an invasive species that could have negative impacts on the environment due to the aggressive growth of its polysaccharide-based stalks. The stalks’ adhesive properties have prompted park officials to alert the general public to limit further spread and contamination of this algae to other bodies of water. Although the negative effects of Didymo have been studied in the past, recent studies have demonstrated a potential positive side to this alga. One of the potential benefits includes the structural component of the polysaccharide stalks. The origin of the polysaccharides within stalks remains unknown; however, they can be useful in a waste management and agricultural setting. The primary purpose of this study was to describe both the harmful and beneficial nature of Didymo. Important outcomes include findings related to its application in various fields such as medicine and technology. These polysaccharides can be isolated and studied closely to produce efficient solar power cells and batteries. Though they may be harmful while uncontained in nature, they appear to be very useful in the technological and medical advancement of our society.
MFANet: A Multi-Level Feature Aggregation Network for Semantic Segmentation of Land Cover
Authors: Chen Bingyu , Xia Min , Huang Junqing
Published: February 2021

Detailed information regarding land utilization/cover is a valuable resource in various fields. In recent years, remote sensing images, especially aerial images, have become higher in resolution and larger span in time and space, and the phenomenon that the objects in an identical category may yield a different spectrum would lead to the fact that relying on spectral features only is often insufficient to accurately segment the target objects. In convolutional neural networks, down-sampling operations are usually used to extract abstract semantic features, which leads to loss of details and fuzzy edges. To solve these problems, the paper proposes a Multi-level Feature Aggregation Network (MFANet), which is improved in two aspects: deep feature extraction and up-sampling feature fusion. Firstly, the proposed Channel Feature Compression module extracts the deep features and filters the redundant channel information from the backbone to optimize the learned context. Secondly, the proposed Multi-level Feature Aggregation Upsample module nestedly uses the idea that high-level features provide guidance information for low-level features, which is of great significance for positioning the restoration of high-resolution remote sensing images. Finally, the proposed Channel Ladder Refinement module is used to refine the restored high-resolution feature maps. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance 86.45% mean IOU on LandCover dataset.
Terahertz Emitter Using Resonant-Tunneling Diode and Applications
Authors: Asada Masahiro , Suzuki Safumi
Published: February 2021

A compact source is important for various applications utilizing terahertz (THz) waves. In this paper, the recent progress in resonant-tunneling diode (RTD) THz oscillators, which are compact semiconductor THz sources, is reviewed, including principles and characteristics of oscillation, studies addressing high-frequency and high output power, a structure which can easily be fabricated, frequency tuning, spectral narrowing, different polarizations, and select applications. At present, fundamental oscillation up to 1.98 THz and output power of 0.7 mW at 1 THz by a large-scale array have been reported. For high-frequency and high output power, structures integrated with cylindrical and rectangular cavities have been proposed. Using oscillators integrated with varactor diodes and their arrays, wide electrical tuning of 400–900 GHz has been demonstrated. For spectral narrowing, a line width as narrow as 1 Hz has been obtained, through use of a phase-locked loop system with a frequency-tunable oscillator. Basic research for various applications—including imaging, spectroscopy, high-capacity wireless communication, and radar systems—of RTD oscillators has been carried out. Some recent results relating to these applications are discussed.
Fault Injection Emulation for Systems in FPGAs: Tools, Techniques and Methodology, a Tutorial
Authors: Ruano Óscar , García-Herrero Francisco , Aranda Luis Alberto , Sánchez-Macián Alfonso , Rodriguez Laura , Maestro Juan Antonio
Published: February 2021

Communication systems that work in jeopardized environments such as space are affected by soft errors that can cause malfunctions in the behavior of the circuits such as, for example, single event upsets (SEUs) or multiple bit upsets (MBUs). In order to avoid this erroneous functioning, this kind of systems are usually protected using redundant logic such as triple modular redundancy (TMR) or error correction codes (ECCs). After the implementation of the protected modules, the communication modules must be tested to assess the achieved reliability. These tests could be driven into accelerator facilities through ionization processes or they can be performed using fault injection tools based on software simulation such as the SEUs simulation tool (SST), or based on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) emulation like the one described in this work. In this paper, a tutorial for the setup of a fault injection emulation platform based on the Xilinx soft error mitigation (SEM) intellectual property (IP) controller is depicted step by step, showing a complete cycle. To illustrate this procedure, an online repository with a complete project and a step-by-step guide is provided, using as device under test a classical communication component such as a finite impulse response (FIR) filter. Finally, the integration of the automatic configuration memory error-injection (ACME) tool to speed up the fault injection process is explained in detail at the end of the paper.
Cleaning Up Our Act: Systems Engineering to Promote Business Model Innovation for the Offshore Exploration and Production Supply Chain Operations
Authors: Czachorowski Karen V.
Published: February 2021

Oil and gas offshore exploration and production (E & P) will remain necessary to meet increasing global energy demands. However, appraising and exploring these resources has a major impact on sustainability and faces many challenges. Improving the supply chain operations that support E&P activities presents opportunities to contribute to the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but relies on organizations being able to adopt new strategies and technology and, innovate their current business models. Business model innovation (BMI) has not been actively pursued in this industry, partially due to the traditional operation management and due to the complexity in changing established models or adopting full-fledged archetypes. Thus, the present study proposes a more flexible and granular approach to BMI by defining elements to be adopted rather than proposing business models archetypes. To define the elements, an application of systems engineering (SE) is adopted through a morphological analysis (MA). They are presented in morphological boxes in three dimensions—technology, organization, and the human element—inspired by sustainable business model (SBM) literature. The elements are proposed as “bricks” for BMI where they can be adopted and re-arranged as necessary, providing granularity and flexibility to facilitate BMI for organizations of varying sizes.
Green Strategy Effect on Financial and Environmental Performance: A Mediation Analysis of Product Quality
Authors: Olayeni Akintunde , Ogbo Anastasia , Okwo Henry , Chukwu Benjamin , Ifediora Chuka , Ezenwakwelu Charity
Published: February 2021

The dilemma of firms in developing economies was the crux of this study. In probing whether the adoption of organization-wide green strategy would enhance the product quality and the firm’s financial lifeline, while also improving the environment, we developed a mediation model. The specific objectives were to ascertain the direct effect of green strategy on both environmental and financial performance and its total effect on both environmental and financial performance through product quality. With data collated and analyzed from 648 respondents, using the Hayes mediation approach, results show that while environmental performance is strongly predicted by green strategy and product quality (as a mediator), financial performance is also positively predicted, but by a smaller effect. The import of the findings of this study is that the adoption of green strategy mediated by product quality improves both environmental and financial performance, implying that firms can remain financially viable while adopting product-focused green strategy.
Genetic Improvement of Local Cattle Breeds in West Africa: A Review of Breeding Programs
Authors: Ouédraogo Dominique , Soudré Albert , Yougbaré Bernadette , Ouédraogo-Koné Salifou , Zoma-Traoré Bienvenue , Khayatzadeh Negar , Traoré Amadou , Sanou Moumouni , Mészáros Gábor , Burger Pamela Anna , Mwai Okeyo Ally , Wurzinger Maria , Sölkner Johann
Published: February 2021

Cattle are one of the most important livestock species in West Africa, providing multiple services to farmers and contributing to national economies. Various breeding strategies have been implemented to enhance their productivity and have improved farmer livelihoods. This review describes cattle breeding experiences across West Africa, spanning the N’Dama breed in Mali, Senegal, and The Gambia to the breeds Azawak Zebu, Fulani Zebu, and taurine Baoulé in Burkina Faso. The main objectives of most breeding programs have been to optimize meat and milk performance of taurine and Zebu cattle as well as trypanotolerance of taurine cattle. In some cases, “closed nucleus” schemes have proven limited and so have evolved into “open nucleus” schemes. Recent community-based breeding programs have shown promise. The major challenges of breeding programs remain defining realistic breeding objectives and securing the involvement of stakeholders. All the strategies reviewed here have been funded externally within development or research projects that are often too short to yield tangible genetic improvement, and whether they will continue beyond those projects is uncertain. This review highlights the need for continuing government support to ensure the sustainability of local cattle breeding programs.
Distributing Enterprise Value to Stakeholders in the Range of Sustainable Development on the Basis of the Energy Industry in Poland
Authors: Lorenc Sylwia , Kustra Arkadiusz
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyse and compare the process of distributing value to stakeholders in energy industry enterprises in the range of sustainable transition. The analysis focuses on the four largest energy companies in Poland: ENEA Group, ENERGA Group, PGE Group and TAURON Polish Energy. Directions of value distribution in these companies have been presented for the years 2009–2018. The paper identifies the main groups of stakeholders of the above companies, i.e., owners, employees, suppliers, capital providers, the state budget and the budgets of local government units. The value dedicated to these stakeholders was estimated based on the free cash flow (FCF) methodology. According to the presented analysis, in the years 2009–2018, the energy industry in Poland realised a total of 236.2 billion PLN for selected stakeholders. PGE Group generated the most financial benefits, providing nearly 120 billion PLN. The smallest value was realised by ENERGA Group in the amount of over 28 billion PLN. Identification of added value according to the proposed methodology may support the process of making decisions related to the continuation or cessation of energy-related activities in the light of continued or lost potential stakeholder benefits.
Analysis of the Optimal Application of Blockchain-Based Smart Lockers in the Logistics Industry Based on FFD-SAGA and Grey Decision-Making
Authors: Wang Shen-Tsu , Li Meng-Hua , Lien Chun-Chi
Published: February 2021

Blockchain technology has been applied to logistics tracking, but it is not cost-effective. The development of smart lockers has solved the problem of repeated distribution to improve logistics efficiency, thereby becoming a solution with convenience and privacy compared to the in-store purchase and pickup alternative. This study prioritized the key factors of smart lockers using a simulated annealing–genetic algorithm by fractional factorial design (FFD-SAGA) and grey relational analysis, and investigated the main users of smart lockers by grey multiple attribute decision analysis. The results show that the Web application programming interface (API) concatenation and money flow provider are the key success factors of smart lockers, and office workers are the main users of the lockers. Hence, how to better meet the needs of office workers will be an issue of concern for service providers.
Survey of the nothogenus xElyhordeum, with the description of a new nothospecies
Authors: Wilcox Michael P. , Desjardins Stuart , Stace Clive
Published: February 2021

The occurrences in Denmark, Britain and Ireland of ×Elyhordeum langei (Elymus repens × Hordeum secalinum) are documented, and the variation in this hybrid is described. The French hybrid ×E. rouxii is also briefly covered. The discovery, distribution and characters of a new hybrid, E. caninus × H. secalinum, first found in North Lincolnshire, England, in 2014, are described and discussed. Cytological and molecular studies are included. The latter is described as ×E. kirbyi M.P.Wilcox, hybr. nov.
Conservation of Britain’s biodiversity: Distribution and status of the Welsh endemic Hieracium breconicola, Beacons Hawkweed (Asteraceae)
Authors: Lee Sarah J. , Rich Timothy C.G.
Published: February 2021

Hieracium breconicola P.D. Sell, Beacons Hawkweed, is a Welsh endemic plant confined to the Brecon Beacons. Field surveys 2009-2020 indicate only one plant survives in one of its three sites. The IUCN threat status is ‘Critically Endangered’; unless conservation action is undertaken soon, this species will soon be extinct in the wild.
Scotland’s heritage of naturalised medicinal plants
Authors: Braithwaite Michael E.
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Although much has been written about Scottish plants, there has been no Flora of Scotland as such since Hooker’s Flora Scotica of 1821. Instead British Floras and distribution Atlases have been published. When BSBI’s New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora was published in 2002, introduced plants were subdivided into archaeophytes and neophytes for Britain as a whole, but British natives that were considered to be introductions in Scotland were not subdivided. As a result the specifically Scottish archaeophyte heritage has been neglected. Taken together, Sutherland’s Hortus Medicus Edinburgensis 1683 and Sibbald’s Scotia Illustrata 1684 provide a baseline from which to investigate the history of many species now considered to be naturalised introductions in Scotland. This has enabled them to be divided between archaeophytes and neophytes giving perspective to their heritage, particularly that of former medicinal plants. A table of such species is presented with detailed comment.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ACCURACY OF EARTH OBSERVATION BY SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS IN HIGH ELLIPTICAL ORBITS
Authors: GUNCHENKO Mikhail Yu.
Published: February 2021

The paper provides results of estimated accuracy comparisons for applied satellite constellations (ASC) in Molniya-type high elliptical orbits based on a previously presented criterion for analysis of accuracy parameters of ASC that observe targets on the Earth surface and/or in the layer above the surface, which is not dependent on specific features of the onboard equipment, but rather on the structure and dynamics of the ASC. The paper provides an algorithm for numerical simulations of ASC. The paper discusses accuracy parameters for ASC in high elliptical orbits in various orbital configurations, as well as a combined option involving spacecraft in geostationary orbit. It defines key trajectory design parameters driving the ASC accuracy. The results can be used for selecting the initial ASC configuration in high elliptical orbits during preliminary design phase.
Key words: observation satellite systems, high elliptical orbits, accuracy criterion, satellite constellation analysis.
OBJECTIVES AND STRUCTURE OF SMART MONITORING OF SPACECRAFT STATUS IN THE COURSE OF MISSION CONTROL
Authors: SOLOVYEV Sergey V.
Published: February 2021

The paper discusses objectives and structure of smart monitoring of spacecraft status in the course of mission control. It defines the place of the monitoring and the notion of analysis used in the context of solving mission control problems. It summarizes the current state of monitoring techniques used in the course of controlling the missions of modern spacecraft and orbital complexes. It provides data on the results of the use of computerized data analysis techniques for our country’s space assets that are currently in operation. It articulates major drawbacks in the monitoring process, which are getting more exacerbated with the current trends in space programs development. It proposes a remedy for the drawbacks by means of development and introduction of procedures that will make telemetry data analysis smarter. The paper introduces the notion of smart analysis and its key advantages in technical applications. It identifies the key prerequisites for expanding the computerization of the monitoring process involved in the spacecraft mission control. It outlines basic operational principles of a smart monitoring system taking into account its operational peculiarities.
Key words: spacecraft, mission control, introduction of smart technologies, status analysis, monitoring system.
Indoor Air Quality in a Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) under Different Ventilations
Authors: Salman Abdulhadi , A. Monem Ali , A. Khazal Emad
Published: February 2021

A proper ventilation offered warranty for a perfect indoor environment. Indoor air environment includes indoor thermal environment and indoor air quality (IAQ). In this paper a numerical investigation of the indoor environment in different ventilations was accomplished. The Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) in Al-Rifai hospital in Thi-Qar governorate was chosen to be investigated, and its thermal achievement and indoor air quality in the hot summer weather were simulated. For the numerical study, the fluent technique used to set up the physical and numerical model of CCU. An attention has been paid carefully to considerate the distributions of the temperature and the velocity fields, followed by an argument of two different ventilation patterns; up-in and up-out ventilation (UV) and displacement ventilation (DV). After making the comparison, it was noticed that the displacement ventilation (DV) is clearly super than that of the up-in and up-out ventilation (UV) due to improvement in the indoor air quality.
Parametric Study of the Intermediate External Bracing System of Composite Steel Box Girder Bridges
Authors: Sami Malik Hawraa , A. M. Jawad David
Published: February 2021

During the pouring of concrete deck, the installation of external bracing between the inner and outer girders may be necessary when the bridge has sharp curve in order to control the deflection and rotation of the girders. However, it is important to minimize the number of external bracing members, as they have expensive cost and they also have opposite effects for the fatigue features of the steel tub girders. The analysis of curved box girder bridges is carried out numerically by the use of finite element method through (ANSYS 19.2) software. The curved box girder with the intermediate external diaphragms was modeled and the analysis was carried out for many parameters like external bracing sections, girders with or without concrete deck, girders with end diaphragms or without them. The study concluded that ANSYS program has a good ability in evaluating the external bracing force comparing with code equations.
RANCANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA (RUU KUHP) DI INDONESIA PERSPEKTIF TEORI PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM
Authors: Haryadi Wahyu
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK

 

Perubahan materil yang terdapat dalam RUU KUHP merupakan penyempurnaan dari KUHP yang substansi perubahannya cukup signifikan sehingga sangat menarik perhatian para ahli hingga para akademisi untuk turut sumbangsih pemikiran mengenai RUU KUHP sehingga penulis tertarik untuk dapat menulis dari perspektif teori hukum pembaharuan dalam RUU KUHP tersebut.

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja yang menjadi pilar-pilar pembaharuan hukum pidana dalam merancang RUU KUHP dan mengetahui ketentuan yang mengatur tindak pidana korupsi dalam Buku II KUHP. Dalam penulisan ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder.

Pembaharuan hukum pidana yang ada di Indonesia memang sarat dengan banyak pihak yang berkepentingan, tentunya kepentingan yang dapat merugikannya sehingga dalam perjalannya banyak sekali hambatan sedangkan hukum yang berlaku sudah tidak sesuai dengan dinamika perkembangan jaman. namun upaya pembaharuan hukum pidana tetap berlanjut

 

Kata Kunci : Hukum Pidana, Pembaharuan Hukum
LEGAL REVIEW OF THE NUCLEAR ENERGY REGIME
Authors: Taufiq Donni , Mardha Amil
Published: February 2021

During the second term of his administration, President Joko Widodo is planning to launch the Omnibus Law as solution to revise hundreds of conflicting articles in numerous existing laws and regulations simultaneously, not only at the central government level but also at the regional levels. This is a good opportunity for the Indonesian nuclear community to rearrange its nuclear energy regime, which can be seen, especially in the field of the energy sector, does not make significant progress. In the upcoming policy, more parties must be involved in the utilization of nuclear energy, especially in terms of financing and investment, for benefits to the greatest prosperity of the Indonesian people.
Perovskite Solar Cells toward Eco-Friendly Printing
Authors: Chang Xiaoming , Fan Yuanyuan , Zhao Kui , Fang Junjie , Liu Dongle , Tang Ming-Chun , Barrit Dounya , Smilgies Detlef-M. , Li Ruipeng , Lu Jing , Li Jianbo , Yang Tinghuan , Amassian Aram , Ding Zicheng , Chen Yonghua , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Huang Wei
Published: February 2021

Eco-friendly printing is important for mass manufacturing of thin-film photovoltaic (PV) devices to preserve human safety and the environment and to reduce energy consumption and capital expense. However, it is challenging for perovskite PVs due to the lack of eco-friendly solvents for ambient fast printing. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time an eco-friendly printing concept for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Both the perovskite and charge transport layers were fabricated from eco-friendly solvents
via
scalable fast blade coating under ambient conditions. The perovskite dynamic crystallization during blade coating investigated using
in situ
grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) reveals a long sol-gel window prior to phase transformation and a strong interaction between the precursors and the eco-friendly solvents. The insights enable the achievement of high quality coatings for both the perovskite and charge transport layers by controlling film formation during scalable coating. The excellent optoelectronic properties of these coatings translate to a power conversion efficiency of 18.26% for eco-friendly printed solar cells, which is on par with the conventional devices fabricated
via
spin coating from toxic solvents under inert atmosphere. The eco-friendly printing paradigm presented in this work paves the way for future green and high-throughput fabrication on an industrial scale for perovskite PVs.
About the Concept of the Second Symphony by Galina Ustvolskaya
Authors: Григорьева Г.В.
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена анализу Второй симфонии Г. Уствольской, исследованию особенностей композиции и драматургии. Для интерпретации художественной идеи привлекается канонический источник ее поэтического текста. Впервые рассматривается возможность влияния философских работ Якова Друскина.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Second Symphony by G. Ustvolskaya, the study of compositional and dramatic features. The author draws on the canonical source of poetic text to interpret an artistic idea, for the first time considering the possibility of the influence of Jacob Druskin philosophical works.
Music at the Court of Catholic Kings of Spain (the Turn of the 15-16 Centuries)
Authors: Кряжева И. А.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматривается придворная музыкальная культура Испании рубежа XV-XVI веков, структура, функции (политические и статусные), а также репертуар придворной капеллы, которая формировалась и выстраивалась под влиянием капелл бургундских герцогов. Среди композиторов, создававших репертуар капеллы, выделяется Франсиско Пеньялоса, успешно ассимилировавший и переработавший франко-фламандский полифонический стиль. Область светского музицирования связана с полифонической песней (вильянсико, романс и другие жанры), представленной в рукописных сборниках (Cancionero). Особое внимание уделяется новациям музыкально-поэтического стиля Хуана дель Энсины, осуществлявшимся в русле европейской гуманистической традиции. В работе применяются методы исторического исследования, основывающиеся на анализе документальных источников (хроник, документов церковных капитулов и т. д.), позволяющих воссоздать относительно достоверную картину. Новизна работы определяется не только ее материалом, практически неизвестным в русскоязычной литературе, но и ракурсом рассмотрения, акцентирующим ведущую роль властных структур (аристократического двора) в развитии музыкального искусства и укреплении авторитета композитора.

The article discusses the court musical culture of Spain at the turn of the 15th16th centuries, its structure, functions (political and status), as well as the repertoire of the court chapel, which was formed and built under the influence of the chapels of the Burgundian dukes. Among the composers who created the choirs repertoire is Francisco Pealosa, who successfully assimilated and reworked the Franco-Flemish polyphonic style. The field of secular music is connected with polyphonic song (villanсiсo, romance, etc.), presented in manuscript collections (Cancionero). Particular attention is paid to the innovations of the musical-poetic style of Juan del Encina, carried out in line with the European humanistic tradition. The author of the article uses the methods of historical research based on the analysis of documentary sources (chronicles, documents of church chapters, etc.), allowing to recreate a relatively reliable picture. The novelty of the work is determined not only by its material, unknown in Russian-language literature, but also by the consideration angle taken, emphasizing the leading role of power structures (the aristocratic court) in the development of musical art and strengthening the authority of the artist.
Peer Review of Vera Val’kova’s Article “Microthematicism: Metamorphoses and Scientific Resources of the Musicological Concept”
Authors: Лыжов Г.И.
Published: February 2021

Рецензия на статью Веры Вальковой «Микротематизм: метаморфозы и научные ресурсы музыковедческого понятия»

Peer Review of Vera Valkovas Article Microthematicism: Metamorphoses and Scientific Resources of the Musicological Concept
La persistente amenaza del extractivismo minero. Actores y escenarios de resistencia en la Argentina actual
Authors: Hadad María Gisela
Published: February 2021

El siguiente artículo analiza las implicancias del modelo económico extractivista y su materialización en la implantación de la minería a gran escala, o megaminería, como política de Estado en la Argentina. Propone un abordaje retrospectivo y situado de la forma en que se ha instalado la actividad conceptualizada como “nueva minería” en el país, así como de las múltiples acciones de resistencia que ha generado. Esto último se ubica en el centro de la reflexión, considerando la relevancia que adquieren en la disputa territorial las organizaciones sociales, asambleas y comunidades que se conforman para contrarrestar el impulso depredatorio que conlleva este paradigma económico. De este modo, se procura caracterizar el escenario nacional y algunos casos de la escena provincial, donde multiplicidad de actores sociales –Estado en sus distintos niveles, corporaciones, elites locales, por un lado; asambleas socioambientales, pueblos indígenas, campesinos, comunidades, por el otro– pugnan por hegemonizar su propia territorialidad. Territorios de muerte vs. territorios de vida, el dilema que aquí se presenta.
Una verdad estética para la teoría de la historia
Authors: Gay Eugenia
Published: February 2021

En este ensayo intentamos proporcionar una definición de la teoría de la historia que contemple su función como ordenadora y productora de la tradición historiográfica. Mediante este procedimiento proponemos que, dado el fin de la certeza unánime sobre la conveniencia del paradigma científico para el conocimiento histórico, es necesario rediscutir el significado del concepto de verdad que lo subyace. Tal redefinición se impone debido al carácter identitario que el compromiso con la verdad comporta para la historiografía, pero resulta incomprensible desde el interior del paradigma epistemológico. En el sentido de dar un nuevo inicio a ese debate, proponemos la aproximación estética de la hermenéutica filosófica como alternativa a la noción de verdad científica de la epistemología.
En la retaguardia con aire de copla. La Junta Central Pro Socorro y Reconstrucción de España en el sur de Santa Fe 1936-1939
Authors: Merayo Sebastián
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo se propone un estudio preliminar de la Junta Central Pro Socorro y Reconstrucción de España en tanto organización dedicada a la solidaridad con el bando republicano durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936 – 1939) en espacios locales del sur santafesino. El abordaje analítico recupera el herramental metodológico propuesto por la historia regional o local bajo una mirada que intenta complejizar la categoría de antifascismo en tanto desarrollo de nuevas prácticas y discursos que le dan contenido a la conformación de una amplia red de entidades por fuera de los ámbitos tradicionales como partidos políticos o sindicatos. El objetivo es ubicar el foco en el novedoso dinamismo que el conjunto de actores sociales le imprimió a esta Junta dando lugar a un unificado activismo social crítico y heterogéneo en tensión con los sectores conservadores del gobierno provincial y de la sociedad civil.
“Hasta que valga la pena vivir”: violencia y reproducción social como claves de la emergencia feminista contemporánea en América Latina
Authors: Follegati Montenegro Luna , Ferretti Pierina
Published: February 2021

El artículo ofrece una lectura sobre la emergencia feminista contemporánea en América Latina. La hipótesis que se plantea es que los feminismos actuales en el continente se aglutinan en torno al tema de la violencia contra las mujeres y cuerpos feminizados. Esta centralidad de la violencia se debería, por una parte, a la importancia de la trayectoria histórica que ha tenido esta temática en la historia reciente vinculada a las dictaduras y procesos autoritarios, y, por otra, a las condiciones de recrudecimiento de la violencia contra las mujeres y cuerpos feminizados en un escenario de neoliberalismo avanzado y crisis de la reproducción social. Se recorre el tratamiento que el movimiento feminista ha dado a la problemática de la violencia contra las mujeres y cuerpos feminizados tanto en su sentido específico como en sus dimensiones estructurales, destacando el rol articulador a nivel histórico y contemporáneo. Además, se aborda la reflexión sobre la violencia en clave estructural y el problema de la reproducción social en un contexto de crisis de los cuidados y de luchas y conflictos asociados a estas dimensiones de la vida social. En la conclusión se plantean perspectivas críticas y aperturas que presenta el movimiento en la actualidad.
La problemática etno-identitaria en sociedades escribales extinguidas: Mesopotamia en el III milenio a.C. Cuestiones historiográficas y metodológicas
Authors: Di Bennardis Cristina
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a esclarecer las bases metodológicas necesarias para estudiar los procesos etno-identitarios en la antigua Mesopotamia. Se desarrollarán posicionamientos teóricos y categorías que se entienden esenciales para esta tarea, tales como etnia y alteridades, entre otras. Para ello se realizará una reseña historiográfica, a partir de diversos autores y trazando un recorrido sobre sus trabajos, de conceptos clave en el ámbito de aplicabilidad histórica. Todo este análisis tenderá a un enfoque pluridisciplinar histórico-antropológico para comprender los procesos etno-identitarios en las sociedades escribales extinguidas, del III milenio a.C. en el valle aluvional de la cuenca del Eufrates y el Tigris y sus zonas de contacto.
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Retroalimentación en los talleres de intervención de Trabajo Social:
Authors: Navarrete Avaria Oscar , Hernández Mary Natalia
Published: February 2021

La discusión del artículo se enmarca en la retroalimentación docente en los Talleres de Intervención Social de la carrera de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Alberto Hurtado (UAH). Se aborda, en particular, uno de los principales hallazgos de la investigación realizada por los autores: la tensión que se produce entre retroalimentación y calificación de la evaluación desde una crítica a la relación lineal que ahí ocurre. Tomando como punto de partida una crítica al modelo tradicional de retroalimentación comprendido como una ‘trasmisión de información’, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica donde se presentan diversas ideas sobre este concepto, y su interpretación desde la formación en Trabajo Social en general. Posteriormente, situamos esta discusión en las actividades curriculares, denominadas “talleres de intervención social”, los que se asocian a las prácticas de las y los estudiantes. A través de entrevistas y grupo de discusión, se exploraron los significados que docentes y estudiantes de estos talleres le otorgaban a la retroalimentación en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Dentro de los principales resultados, se vislumbran múltiples significados a la retroalimentación. Para este artículo, nos centramos en un eje clave de este proceso: planteamos que es posible transitar a una idea (de retroalimentación) que no quede atrapada solamente en la evaluación y que, a través del fortalecimiento de las confianzas, la comprensión de la heterogeneidad de aprendizajes y trayectorias de los distintos actores, sea posible pensar en una idea más dinámica de la retroalimentación, donde formar, informar y transformar juegan un papel clave en el desarrollo de los aprendizajes que se despliegan en la formación disciplinar.
Proximidad y afectividad en las instituciones contemporáneas
Authors: Sierra Noelia Alejandra
Published: February 2021

En el presente artículo proponemos introducir reflexiones en torno a los desafíos que implica recomponer la institucionalidad argentina haciendo foco en el vínculo que se construye con las y los usuarios. Estas ideas generan inquietudes y obligan a analizar la intervención social en tensión entre las subjetividades actuales, la demanda de atención y los modos de acceso y efectivización de derechos. Para abordar el análisis en un primer momento desarrollaremos el concepto de institución. Luego analizaremos cierta afirmación que habla de crisis y ocaso de lo institucional para, y por último, darle lugar a dos dimensiones que pueden aportar herramientas para construir instituciones más sensibles a los cambios propios del devenir contemporáneo, nos referimos a lo que denominaremos la dimensión institucional de la afectividad y la dimensión institucional de la proximidad.