bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RTF1 mediates epigenetic control of Th17 cell differentiation via H2B monoubiquitination
Authors: Galan Carolina , Lu Guangqing , Gill Richard , Li Dun , Liu Yifang , Huh Jun R. , Hang Saiyu
Published: November 2024

A gene encoding the transcription factor RTF1 has been associated with an increased risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, we investigated its function in modulating T cells expressing interleukin-17A (Th17 cells), a cardinal cell type promoting intestinal inflammation. Our results indicate thatRtf1deficiency disrupts the differentiation of Th17 cells, while leaving regulatory T cells (Treg) unaffected. Mechanistically, RTF1 facilitates histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1), which requires its histone modification domain (HMD), for supporting Th17 cell function. Impaired Th17 differentiation was also observed in cells lacking the H2Bub1 E3 ligase subunit RNF40, an enzyme known to physically interact with RTF1. Thus, our study underscores the essential role of RTF1 in H2Bub1-mediated epigenetic regulation of Th17 cell differentiation. Understanding this process will likely provide valuable insights into addressing Th17-associated inflammatory disorders.

Key Points

RTF1 is crucial for Th17 cell differentiation via histone H2B monoubiquitination

RTF1 deficiency impairs Th17 differentiation, similar to H2Bub1 ligase RNF40 deficiency

RTF1 and H2Bub1 colocalize on genes regulating Th17 cells, indicating an epigenetic role
Field EPSPs of dentate gyrus granule cells studied by selective optogenetic activation of hilar mossy cells in hippocampal slices
Authors: Bernstein Hannah L. , Lu Yi-Ling , Botterill Justin J. , Duffy Áine M. , LaFrancois John J. , Scharfman Helen E.
Published: November 2024

Glutamatergic dentate gyrus (DG) mossy cells (MCs) innervate the primary DG cell type, granule cells (GCs). Numerous MC synapses are on GC proximal dendrites in the inner molecular layer (IML). However, field recordings of the GC excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSPs) have not been used to study this pathway selectively. Here we describe methods to selectively activate MC axons in the IML using mice with Cre recombinase expressed in MCs. Slices were made after injecting adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding channelrhodopsin (ChR2) in the DG. In these slices, we show that fEPSPs could be recorded reliably in the IML in response to optogenetic stimulation of MC axons. Furthermore, fEPSPs were widespread across the septotemporal axis. However, fEPSPs were relatively weak because they were small in amplitude and did not elicit a significant population spike in GCs. They also showed little paired pulse facilitation. We confirmed the extracellular findings with patch clamp recordings of GCs despite different recording chambers and other differences in methods. Together the results provide a simple method for studying MC activation of GCs and add to the evidence that this input is normally weak but widespread across the GC population.

KEY POINTS

We describe a method to activate the MC input to GCs selectively using optogenetics in hippocampal slices

MC excitation is weakly excitatory but so common among GCs that a field EPSP is generated at the site of MC synapses on GCs

MC excitation of GCs is consistent across the septotemporal axis and contralaterally

Using the characteristics of optogenetically-evoked fEPSPs, electrical stimulation of the MC input to GCs can be optimized.
Pion photoproduction of nucleon excited states with Hamiltonian effective field theory
Authors: Zhuge Yu , Liu Zhan-Wei , Leinweber Derek B. , Thomas Anthony W.
Published: November 2024

We refine our previous calculation of multipole amplitude E0+ for pion photoproduction process, γN→πN. The treatment of final-state interactions is based upon an earlier analysis of pion-nucleon scattering within Hamiltonian effective field theory, supplemented by incorporating contributions from the N*(1650) and the KΛ coupled channel. The contribution from the bare state corresponding to the N*(1650) significantly enhances our results. Additionally, we also compute the multipole amplitude M1−, which is of direct relevance to the Roper resonance. The results are comparable with other dynamical coupled-channel models, even though the contribution from the bare state (interpreted as a 2s excitation) in this channel is small because of its large mass.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Novel first-order phase transition and critical points in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory with spatial compactification
Authors: Fujii Daisuke , Iwanaka Akihiro , Kitazawa Masakiyo , Suenaga Daiki
Published: November 2024

We investigate the thermodynamics and phase structure of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory on T2×R2 in Euclidean spacetime in an effective-model approach. The model incorporates two Polyakov loops along two compactified directions as dynamical variables, and is constructed to reproduce thermodynamics on T2×R2 measured on the lattice. The model analysis indicates the existence of a novel first-order phase transition on T2×R2 in the deconfined phase, which terminates at critical points that should belong to the two-dimensional Z2 universality class. We argue that the interplay of the Polyakov loops induced by their cross-term in the Polyakov-loop potential is responsible for the manifestation of the first-order transition.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Search for the
Σ(1380)1/2−
state in
Λc+→γπ+Λ
decay by triangle singularity
Authors: Wang Ke , Wang Yu-Fei , Liu Bo-Chao , Huang Fei
Published: November 2024

In this work, we investigate the resonance production in Λc+→γπ+Λ decay through the triangle singularity (TS) mechanism, within an effective Lagrangian approach. We find that the appropriate loop decay process could develop a triangle singularity in the invariant mass MπΛ around 1.35 GeV, with the shape depending on the quantum numbers of Σ* states that couple to the final πΛ system. Especially, the Σ(1380)1/2− state newly predicted in the pentaquark model, if exists, significantly enhances the TS contribution and sharpens the TS peak due to the S-wave Σ*πΣ vertex in the loop. Therefore, the existence of the Σ(1380)1/2− state can be examined by measuring the TS signal in Λc+→γπ+Λ. Considering also possible tree-level diagrams, we additionally obtain the branching ratio Br(Λc+→γπ+Λ)≃1.5×10−5. We suggest the investigation of this reaction by future BESIII, LHCb, and Belle experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Laboratory X-ray powder micro-diffraction in the research of painted artworks
Authors: Švarcová Silvie , Bezdička Petr , Hradilová Janka , Hradil David
Published: November 2024

Painted artworks represent a significant group of cultural heritage artifacts, which are primarily admired because of their aesthetic quality. Nevertheless, the value of each particular painting depends also on what is known about it. Material investigation of paintings is one of the most reliable sources of information. Materials in painted artworks (i.e. panel, easel and miniature paintings, wall paintings, polychromed sculptures etc.) represent an extensive set of inorganic and organic phases, which are often present in complicated mixtures and exhibit characteristics reflecting their geological genesis (mineral pigments), manufacturing technology (artificial pigments), diverse biological nature (binders or dyes) or secondary changes (degradation or intentional later interventions). The analyses of paintings are often made challenging by the heterogeneous nature and minute size of micro-samples or, in some cases, even by the impossibility of sampling due to the preciousness, fragility or small dimensions of the artwork. This review demonstrates the successful implementation of laboratory X-ray powder micro-diffraction for material investigation of paintings, illustrating its efficiency for mineralogical analysis of (i) earth-based materials indicating the provenance of paintings, (ii) copper-based pigments pointing to their origin, and (iii) products of both salt corrosion and saponification enabling one to reveal the deterioration and probable original appearance of artworks.
Small-angle scattering and dark-field imaging for validation of a new neutron far-field interferometer
Authors: Wolf Caitlyn M. , Bajcsy Peter , Chen Wei-Ren , Dalgliesh Robert M. , Daugherty M. Cyrus , de Campo Liliana , Funama Fumiaki , He Lilin , Huber Michael G , Jacobson David L. , Kienzle Paul , Kim Youngju , King Hubert , Klimov Nikolai N. , LaManna Jacob M. , Li Fankang , Long Alexander M. , Murphy Ryan , Nagy Gergely , Robinson Sarah M. , Sathe Pushkar , Smith Gregory N. , Sokolova Anna , Vogel Sven C. , Watkins Erik B. , Zhang Yuxuan , Hussey Daniel S. , Weigandt Katie M.
Published: November 2024

The continued advancement of complex materials often requires a deeper understanding of the structure–function relationship across many length scales, which quickly becomes an arduous task when multiple measurements are required to characterize hierarchical and inherently heterogeneous materials. Therefore, there are benefits in the simultaneous characterization of multiple length scales. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology, a new neutron far-field interferometer is under development that aims to enable a multi-scale measurement combining the best of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron imaging and tomography. Spatially resolved structural information on the same length scales as SANS (0.001–1 µm) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS, 0.1–10 µm) will be collected via dark-field imaging simultaneously with regular attenuation radiography (>10 µm). The dark field is analogous to the polarization loss measured in spin-echo SANS (SESANS) and is related to isotropic SANS through a Hankel transform. Therefore, we use this close relationship and analyze results from SANS, USANS, SESANS and dark-field imaging of monodisperse spheres as a validation metric for the interferometry measurements. The results also highlight the strengths and weaknesses of these neutron techniques for both steady-state and pulsed neutron sources. Finally, we present an example of the value added by the spatial resolution enabled by dark-field imaging in the study of more complex heterogeneous materials. This information would otherwise be lost in other small-angle scattering measurements averaged over the sample.
An analysis of the effects of aging society on global stock markets
Authors: Pankwaen Kansuda , Yamaka Woraphon , Maneejuk Paravee
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The primary purpose of this study is to explore the effects of demographic transition toward aging populations on the performance of stock market indices across various economic developments. The research aims to provide valuable insights into the life-cycle hypothesis on savings patterns, investment behavior and the potential reverberations on global financial markets.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts a comprehensive global perspective, scrutinizing the effects of aging populations on stock market indices across developed, developing and transitional economies through the panel data analysis. Using annual data spanning the period from 1991 to 2020, encompassing a sample of 10 countries from each economic development level, the study employs the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model with fixed effect estimation.

Findings

The findings unveil a statistically significant positive impact of the elderly population proportion on global stock market indices. However, the magnitude and contours of this impact exhibit considerable heterogeneity across different country groups. Specifically, the study finds that while the aging population significantly influences stock market performance in developed nations, its effect is overshadowed by other economic factors, such as consumer price indices and interest rates, in developing countries and economies in transition.

Originality/value

The originality and value of this study lie in its comprehensive global perspective, which encompasses a diverse array of economies at varying developmental stages. The research contributes to an understanding of the effects of demographic transitions on stock market performance on a global scale. The insights derived from this study hold significant implications for policymakers, financial institutions and investors seeking to navigate the challenges and opportunities posed by aging societies in an increasingly interconnected global economy. Additionally, the findings highlight the need for specific strategies and policies that account for the unique economic characteristics and developmental stages of different nations.
Small green housing makes a big difference: the impact of natural environmental uncertainty on consumers' willingness to purchase green housing
Authors: Duan Zhaoping , Ding Zhihua , Mou Yupeng , Deng Xueling , Zhang Huiying
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The residential sector is a principal contributor to global energy consumption, underscoring the critical importance of promoting green housing initiatives to mitigate energy use and environmental degradation. The prevalence of uncertainty in the natural environment, exemplified by phenomena like extreme weather events, highlights the urgent need for adaptive strategies and sustainable practices to mitigate the impact on human communities and ecosystems. Against this backdrop, this paper presents a theoretical framework examining the influence of natural environmental uncertainty on consumers' willingness to purchase green housing.

Design/methodology/approach

Through three experiments, this study modeled the mechanism by which the natural environment uncertainty affects consumers' willingness to purchase green housing, and then verified the mediating effect of the threat of ontological security and the moderating effect of the degree of consumers' natural connectedness.

Findings

This paper concludes (1) natural environmental uncertainty exerts a significant positive impact on the willingness to purchase green housing, with the threat to ontological security serving as a pivotal mediating variable; (2) the degree of natural connectedness significantly moderates the effect of ontological security threats on the purchasing intent for green housing.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the marketing literature by offering a novel perspective on the impact of natural environmental uncertainty on consumer behavior, augmenting the body of knowledge concerning the determinants of green housing purchase intentions, and provides new ideas for marketers.
Analytical skills for accounting students in a data-driven job market: Australian evidence
Authors: Askary Saeed , Askarany Davood
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the essential analytical skills required by accounting students to succeed in a rapidly evolving data-driven job market. Specifically, the study explores the role of data analytics, visualisation and software proficiency (e.g. Excel, Power BI) in the contemporary Australian accounting industry. The scope extends to providing recommendations for academia, professional bodies and employers on how accounting education can better align with the dynamic needs of the business environment by integrating these skills into curricula and professional development programmes.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected from Australian job listings incorporating accounting and data analytics tasks from popular job advertisement websites such as Seek, Indeed and Monster. Using the keyword “Data Analyst”, information was gathered on skills demanded, technology proficiency, industry sectors, professional qualifications and salary expectations. The data set comprised 73 observations across various job requirements and characteristics variables.

Findings

Critical analytical skills sought by accounting professionals in the current job market include extracting insights from big data, solving complex business problems, effective communication and data visualisation. Proficiency in tools like Microsoft Excel, SQL and Power BI is paramount.

Originality/value

This study enriches the literature by providing comprehensive insights into the contemporary demands for accounting analytics skills. It highlights the importance of integrating technology into accounting education and the varying skill requirements across industries. Additionally, it offers implications for professional qualifications and underscores the necessity for continuous monitoring and adaptation of accounting curricula to meet evolving industry needs.
Implementation outcomes of disaster risk reduction (DRR) policy in public facilities (PFs): Aceh perspective, Indonesia
Authors: Sufri Sofyan , Elvin Said Devi
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Aceh province has established various infrastructure and regulations related to disaster risk and management after the Indian Ocean Tsunami (IOT) hit the province. Hence, this study investigates the implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in Public Facilities (PFs) in Banda Aceh municipality using implementation outcome variables (acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, compliance, implementation cost, coverage and sustainability).

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and document reviews, were applied to collect data for this study. The data were then analysed thematically using NVivo 12 software.

Findings

The lack of public communication regarding DRR in PFs to all involved stakeholders resulted in poor acceptability, adoption, coverage and compliance with the policy implementation among public facilities’ chiefs, owners or managers. Additionally, they were reluctant to implement DRR plans and activities within their facilities due to limited DRR funds.

Practical implications

This study’s results can contribute to reviewing the policy and practices of Aceh government authorities and other involved stakeholders to improve policy implementation of DRR activities comprehensively across eight groups of public facilities in Banda municipality, other districts in Aceh province, and local areas in Indonesia. Further, the methods used in this study to assess DRR regulations’ progress towards the eight implementation outcome variables can be applied widely to other settings.

Originality/value

No research was found on examining the policy implementation of DRR in PFs in Aceh province, which motivated the author to conduct this work.
Demographics, social norms, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention: a social cognitive perspective on secondary students
Authors: Ho Chun Sing Maxwell , Man Thomas Wing Yan , Chiu Ming Ming
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Framed by social cognition theory, this study examines the impact of environmental factors (e.g. social norms) on students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ES) and entrepreneurial intention (EI).

Design/methodology/approach

We obtained responses to a survey from 811 senior secondary students in Hong Kong. We then employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed hypothesis. We removed non-significant parameters in testing the model and obtained the final SEM.

Findings

Among these students, those who were male or spoke English at home showed stronger social norms of entrepreneurship and greater entrepreneurial SE, which was linked to greater EI. Among students perceiving stronger social norms of entrepreneurship, those who lived in private housing or spoke English at school showed greater entrepreneurial intention.

Originality/value

The study provides a new social cognitive perspective for examining EI that emphasizes learning and development through the interaction of environmental and cognitive factors. It supplements previous research by demonstrating the significant influence of social norms and the conditional role of parental influence, adding complexity to our understanding of how these factors' interplay.
Tribological properties of dual-freedom sliding roller pairs with a loss of lubrication
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Yue Jiawei , Chen Wei , Liu Zhe , Liu Ang
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to design a novel test device and study the wear properties and the thermal mechanisms of roller pairs in dual-freedom sliding contacts.

Design/methodology/approach

On the transition process of lubrication regimes, experiments were conducted with various values of running speed and slip ratio obtained by two motorized spindles. Temperature and surviving time would be obtained of GCr15/GCr15 and DLC/GCr15 friction pairs. Micro photography was obtained with a PGI 3D stylus profiler and a confocal microscopy OLS4000-3D. An empirical mode decomposition method was used to eliminate measure errors.

Findings

Results showed that, even with little initial lubricant, rolling/sliding pairs still rotated for a certain time. With the synthetic actions of the dual-freedom sliding, the loss of lubrication and the tilt, interesting helical grooves appeared. Sliding speeds had remarkable effects on survive time, temperatures and surface topographies. In addition, the equilibrium values of the temperature and the surface roughness were obtained in sufficient oil supply. Extreme wear-out conditions were obtained with starved lubrication. Diamond-like carbon coatings showed better heat resistance and better wear resistance.

Originality/value

This work would be critical for the life design and the heat treatment of rolling bearings in the full flood lubrication and the starved lubrication.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-05-2024-0164/
Generalist CFO and corporate debt finance: evidence from the Chinese market
Authors: Zhou Zhiying , Xiang Ziwei
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study examines the relationship between chief financial officer (CFO) general ability and corporate debt financing, using all Chinese listed companies as the sample. It has significant implications for corporate shareholders and investors. Companies aiming to increase the proportion of external capital should prioritise the CFO's general ability. Similarly, investors can consider this a valuable sign before making investment decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study follows Custódio et al.'s (2013) approach to measuring the CFO general ability index (GAI) in five dimensions, while the D/E ratio is treated as the primary proxy of corporate debt financing. This study investigates the linear relationship between CFO general ability and corporate debt financing by using the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with controlling year and industry fixed effect simultaneously.

Findings

Based on a sample dataset of all listed firms in China from 2008 to 2023, this paper identifies a significant positive correlation between CFOs' general management skills and corporate debt financing. This finding underscores that generalist CFOs prefer debt financing over equity financing. The paper also suggests that corporate innovation could be a potential mechanism through which CFOs' comprehensive management skills influence debt financing.

Originality/value

This study expands upon prior research by establishing a positive correlation between generalist CFOs and debt financing. Previous studies investigating the influence of CFO demographic characteristics have predominantly concentrated on singular dimensions, such as educational background, varied professional experiences and career trajectories, often overlooking the significance of past work experience. Secondly, this paper enriches the financial literature by introducing a novel determinant that substantially impacts debt financing.
The protection and development of marine resources under the perspective of the sustainable development concept
Authors: Wang Wei Jian
Published: November 2024

Purpose

In this study, suggestions on the protection and development of marine resources, sea area use and management, improvement of laws and regulations, monitoring of marine resources and impact assessment of marine environment are put forward.

Design/methodology/approach

Literature research method.

Findings

A major factor contributing to the decline in fishery resources is excessive fishing. At present, there are many problems to be solved in the exploitation and utilization of marine mineral resources in China. The pollution problem of marine tourism resources is becoming increasingly serious. Overmining of coastal sea resources has led to planning and management failures.

Originality/value

This paper discusses the current situation of marine resource exploitation and protection in China and analyzes the reasons for excessive resource exploitation from three aspects of marine concept, laws and regulations and marine management.
Comparison of vibration values of rotating discs with variable parameters obtained by finite element analysis modeling with different machine learning algorithms
Authors: Callioglu Hasan , Muftu Said , Koplay Candaş Nuri
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Rotating functionally graded (FG) disks of variable thickness generates vibration. This study aims to analyze the vibration generated by the rotating disks using a finite element program and compare the results obtained with the regression methods.

Design/methodology/approach

Transverse vibration values of rotating FG disks with variable thickness were modeled using different regression methods. The accuracies of the obtained models are compared. In the context of comparing regression methods, multiple linear regression (MLR), extreme learning machine (ELM), artificial neural networks (ANNs) and radial basis function (RBF) were used in this study. The error graph between the observed value and the predicted value of each regression method was obtained. The error values of the regression methods used with scientific error measures were calculated.

Findings

The analysis of the transverse vibration of rotating FG disks with the finite element program is consistent with the studies in the literature. When the variables and vibration value determined on the disk are modeled with ELM, MLR, ANN and RBF regression methods, it is concluded that the most accurate model order is RBF, ANN, MLR and ELM.

Originality/value

There are studies on the vibration value of rotating discs in the literature, but there are very few studies on modeling. This study shows that ELM, MLR, ANN and RBF, which are machine learning methods, can be used in modeling the vibration value of rotating discs.
Magnetized wastewater treatment using Williamson’s triple hybrid nanofluid with variable viscosity and internal heat generation on a permeable surface
Authors: Alarabi Taghreed H. , Elgazery Nasser S.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Try to find a way to treat wastewater and achieve its purification from suspended waste, which was removed by examining the magneto-Williamson fluid on a horizontal cylindrical tube while taking advantage of solar radiation and nanotechnology.

Design/methodology/approach

The effect of Cattaneo–Christoph law of heat transfer, solar radiation, oblique magnetic field, porosity and internal heat generation on the flow was studied. The control system was solved by the numerical technique of Chebyshev pseudospectrum (CPS) with the help of the program MATHEMATICA 12. The tables comparing the published data results with the existing numerical calculation match exactly.

Findings

The tables comparing the published data results with the existing numerical calculation match exactly. The current simulation results indicate that when using variable viscosity, the Nusselt number and surface friction decrease significantly compared to their value in the case of constant viscosity, and variable viscosity has a significant effect on flow, which reduces speed. Curves and increasing temperature profiles.

Originality/value

Developing a theoretical framework for the problem of sewage turbidity in a healthier and less costly way, by studying the flow of Williamson fluid with variable viscosity (to describe the intensity of sewage turbidity) on a horizontal cylindrical tube, and taking advantage of nanotechnology, solar radiation, Christoph’s thermal law and internal heat generation to reach water free of impurities. Inclined magnetic force and porous force were used, both of which played an effective role in the purification process.
Festivals and digitalisation: a critique of the literature
Authors: Chen Zhe , Yu Tianqi
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to a systematic literature review followed by a critical synthesis to unveil the underlying knowledge that shapes our understanding of festivals in the digital era. Findings reveal a diverse range of digital applications, such as social media, virtual technologies and event apps, used in festival contexts. Analysis also highlights the digital-influenced experiences of various stakeholders involved, particularly concerning brand, place, destination image and cocreation. The study emphasises the pressing need to investigate the role of generative artificial intelligence-based applications in festivals, pinpointing areas ripe for research such as representation and authenticity, community engagement and participation, memories and storytelling, as well as power and accessibility. By demonstrating how digital technologies intersect with festivity, this research opens new avenues for exploring the dynamic relationship between technology and cultural expression, advocating for a deeper understanding of their integration in the digital age.
Uncertainty in underground mining operations: a bibliometric and systematic literature review analysis
Authors: Polo Salinas Junior , Marquina Araujo Jairo Jhonatan , Cotrina Teatino Marco Antonio
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature on uncertainty in underground mining operations, using a bibliometric and systematic analysis covering the period from 1975 to 2024.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this, the following questions were addressed using a mixed-method approach involving bibliometrics, text mining and content analysis: How has the field of uncertainty research in underground mining operations evolved? What are the most prominent research topics and trends in uncertainty in underground mining operations? and What are the possible directions for future research on uncertainty in underground mining operations?

Findings

As a result, bibliometric networks of 327 journal articles from the Scopus database were created and examined, the main research topics were underground mining management; rock mechanics; operational optimization; and stochastic systems. Finally, the inclusive investigation of uncertainty in underground mining operations and its prominent patterns can serve as a basis for real-time direction for new research and as a tool to improve underground mining activities by implementing advanced technology for innovative practices and optimizing operational efficiency. This is fundamental to identify unknown variables that impair the planning, operation, safety and economic viability of underground mines.

Originality/value

This research is 100% original because there is no review research on the uncertainty present in underground mining operations.
Nutrients, isolation and lack of grazing limit plant diversity in restored wetlands
Authors: Baumane Marta , Baastrup‐Spohr Lars , Sand‐Jensen Kaj , Goldberg Irina , Thorø Martinsen Kenneth , Bruun Hans Henrik
Published: November 2024

Agricultural intensification has led to the loss of most natural wetlands from human‐dominated landscapes but, in recent decades, wetland restoration has gained traction worldwide. Restoration of suitable habitat conditions is hampered by nutrient residues from decades of high‐input farming, by continued input of nutrients from surrounding farmland and by incomplete restoration of natural hydrology.

We assessed the effect of wetland restoration and disturbance (grazing) on vascular plant and bryophyte diversity in restored wetlands in Denmark at plot and landscape scales.

Compared to near‐natural wetlands, we found a lower species richness and community uniqueness in restored wetlands, but we also found that grazing had a positive effect on vascular plant richness in restored wetlands. The size of the local species pool, presence of near‐natural habitat prior to restoration and near‐natural restored hydrology all had positive effects on plant diversity, whereas high soil iron and nitrogen had negative effects.

Synthesis and applications: Restoration of plant diversity in wetlands is challenging, but our results point to potential remedies: plan restoration areas near colonisation sources of the target biota, restore hydrology to near‐natural conditions, discontinue nutrient loads from surrounding arable land and restore near‐natural grazing regimes. Bryophytes may be particularly useful as indicators for successful restoration of wetlands.
Do Titans Deliver the ESG Promise? Societal Recognition and Responsible Corporate Decisions
Authors: Farag Hisham , Koirala Santosh , Luo Di , Rao Sandeep
Published: November 2024

Distinguished societal recognition can influence corporate decision‐makers to act responsibly. We exploit this unique sociological attribute of UK firm board members and examine the impact of honorary titles on the firm's environmental, social and governance (ESG) performances. Using the peerage and honorific titles of board members of public UK firms from 2002 to 2020, we demonstrate that firms wherein board members have a title of honour are associated with higher ESG performance. We also document a positive contagion effect of titleholders on other board members, which contributes to firms’ ESG performance. Our findings align with theories of resource dependence, upper echelons and peer effects postulations and highlight the importance of societal recognition in shaping corporate decisions towards sustainability.
Clinical and immunological features of four patients with activation‐induced cytidine deaminase deficiency: Renal amyloidosis and other presentations
Authors: Meshaal Safa S. , El Hawary Rabab E. , Abd Elaziz Dalia S. , Eldash Alia , Darwish Rania , Erfan Aya , Lotfy Sohilla , Saad Mai M. , Chohayeb Engy A. , Nagy Mohamed S. , Alkady Radwa , Boutros Jeannette A. , Galal Nermeen M. , Elmarsafy Aisha M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of immunity (IEI) characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, and/or autoinflammation. AID plays an important role in immunoglobulin class switching and somatic hypermutation. AID deficiency patients have very low or absent levels of IgG, IgA, and IgE, while IgM level is elevated. The disease is designated as type 2 hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome (HIGM‐2). To date, around 130 patients with HIGM‐2 have been reported, none from Egypt.

Methods

Four patients from three different consanguineous families with elevated serum IgM and low IgG and IgA were included in the study. After the exclusion of CD40 and/or CD40L deficiency by flow cytometry, patients’ samples were tested by a panel covering 452 genes (four bases PID‐Pro) on the Illumina Miseq platform.

Results

All patients suffered repeated infections since childhood. Patients 1–3 had inflammatory bowel disease‐like (IBD‐like) symptoms, while patient 4 did not have autoimmune manifestations. Patient 1 is the first HIGM‐2 patient to be reported to have renal amyloidosis as part of the autoinflammation. Patients 1–3 had the same pathogenic variant (NM_020661.4 (AID):c.406del, p.Ile136Ter), while patient 4 had another pathogenic variant (NM_020661.4 (AID):c.374G > A, p.Gly125Glu). The variant p.Ile136Ter was not reported before in any of the documented HIGM‐2 patients.

Conclusion

HIGM‐2 is a rare IEI that can be overlooked; hence, patients’ diagnosis is delayed. Autoimmune and autoinflammatory manifestations develop later in the disease course leading to significant morbidities. The diagnosis can be suspected after exclusion of CD40/CD40L deficiencies by flow cytometry, and the diagnosis can be confirmed by genetic testing.
Examining the Impact of Leadership Coaching Behavior on Team‐Level Knowledge Creation and Environmental Performance: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective
Authors: Khan Naseer Abbas , Bahaudur Waseem , Akhtar Maria , Maialeh Robin , Pravdina Natayla
Published: November 2024

This study examines the relationship between leadership coaching behavior and team knowledge creation, and its subsequent impact on team environmental performance in the tourism sector. Moreover, this study investigates the moderating role of organizational learning culture in the relationship between team knowledge creation and team environmental performance. Data were collected from 356 employees and their immediate supervisors, nested in 78 teams. The analysis employed moderated mediation model utilizing SPSS and AMOS. The findings indicate that leadership coaching behavior exerts a significant direct positive influence on knowledge creation, which, in turn, positively affects team environmental performance. Additionally, the results reveal that the organizational learning culture moderates the relationship between leadership coaching behavior and knowledge creation, as well as the indirect relationship between leadership coaching behavior and team environmental performance via knowledge creation. The theoretical framework of social exchange theory provides support for this study. The insights generated from this research offer valuable guidance for managers and policymakers seeking to enhance their team's environmental performance through leadership coaching and knowledge creation.
Does 60‐ to 72‐Month‐Old Children's Attachment Predict Their Resilience?
Authors: Düzyol Türk Endam , Yıldırım R. Günseli
Published: November 2024

In this study, the attachment and resilience levels of 60‐ to 72‐month‐old Turkish girls and boys were examined in terms of certain demographic characteristics, and the predictive role of attachment on resilience was investigated while controlling for these characteristics. The study was structured as a descriptive study within the scope of quantitative research methods of the survey model. Participants consisted of 361 children and 73 teachers. We collected the data for the study administering the Incomplete Stories with Doll Family Scale to each child for approximately 20 min by the researcher and having teachers complete the Preschool Period Resilience Scale. Independent samples t‐tests, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis were applied. In the study, the least observed attachment style in children was negative, followed by secure, with avoidance the most prevalent. While the child's gender, parental education level and socio‐economic status explained 14% of resilience, it was determined that the attachment variable explained 57.9% of the variance in resilience when common independent variables were controlled. The results of the study highlight the significance of the impact of attachment styles on the resilience of young children.
Collective PES Contracts Can Motivate Institutional Creation to Conserve Forests: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Grillos Tara , Cook Nathan J. , Andersson Krister P.
Published: November 2024

Incentives are a widely used tool for addressing deforestation and are often implemented as collective contracts. Local institutions are crucial to the solution of collective action problems associated with forest conservation, but we still have little knowledge of how to encourage institutional creation through policy. Since collective contracts do not eliminate freeriding incentives, we argue that their success hinges on their ability to stimulate the creation of institutions for collective action. To test these ideas, we analyze data from an incentivized lab‐in‐the‐field experimental collective action game played with natural resource users in four developing countries. The experiment simulates management of a common forest, and groups were randomly assigned to a conservation incentive payment condition. We observe how much group members attempt to coordinate on the creation of institutional rules and find experimental evidence that an external incentive program can stimulate the endogenous creation of informal institutions.
Does endemic mammal conservation in Jamaica conflict with maintaining biocultural heritage?
Authors: Turvey Samuel T. , Robinson Orlando F. , Duncan Clare , Kennerley Rosalind J. , Otuokon Susan
Published: November 2024

Understanding human–wildlife interactions within biocultural systems is essential to support evidence‐based conservation and Indigenous cultural integrity, and to identify inclusive “win‐win” options for coexistence with threatened species. Jamaica's Blue and John Crow Mountains contain a population of the Endangered Jamaican hutia or coney (Geocapromys brownii), one of the last surviving Caribbean mammals, as well as Maroon communities that practice hunting as a traditional cultural activity. An interview survey was conducted in two Maroon communities within this conservation‐priority landscape to understand local knowledge and attitudes toward coneys, and the cultural importance and dynamics of interactions with coneys. Experience of coney consumption is relatively widespread through small‐scale local trade in hunted animals, but few respondents consider hunting to be of cultural or economic importance, very few people specifically hunt coneys, and most respondents support coney conservation. Conversely, crop damage caused by coneys is considered a substantial problem and is associated with decreased conservation support. Although we estimate that almost 530 coneys were killed during the previous year by our respondent sample, local perceptions suggest that hunting may not be having a negative impact on the coney population, and coney conservation can hopefully be integrated equitably with Maroon cultural values and needs.
Role of Targeted Sequencing in Routine Diagnostics of Spitz Melanocytic Neoplasms—An Analysis of 70 Cases
Authors: Šekoranja Daja , Zupan Andrej , Matjašič Alenka , Boštjančič Emanuela , Calonje Eduardo , Pižem Jože
Published: November 2024

Background

There is growing evidence that the Spitz group of melanocytic neoplasms should be restricted to those harboring kinase receptor fusions and HRAS mutations/11p15 amplification. The presence of genomic alterations characteristic of conventional melanomas (BRAF and NRAS mutations) precludes a diagnosis of a Spitz neoplasm. It is often challenging to distinguish Spitz neoplasms from conventional melanomas with spitzoid morphology on histopathological grounds alone.

Methods

We report a series of 70 consecutive melanocytic tumors in which targeted sequencing was indicated to distinguish Spitz from spitzoid neoplasms and to classify Spitz neoplasms along the biological spectrum.

Results

Final diagnoses incorporating molecular results included 12 conventional melanomas (nine of which with NRAS mutations), five Spitz melanomas, 35 atypical Spitz tumors, eight Spitz nevi, three melanocytic tumors with a MAP2K1 mutation, and seven desmoplastic Spitz nevi/tumors. There were significant discrepancies between initial diagnoses and final diagnoses after incorporating molecular results in 24 (34%) cases, including nine conventional melanomas favored to be Spitz neoplasms and nine Spitz neoplasms favored to be conventional melanomas.

Conclusions

It is often not possible to reliably distinguish Spitz neoplasms from spitzoid melanocytic tumors without identifying their driver genomic alterations. Applying next‐generation sequencing in diagnostically problematic tumors improves diagnostic accuracy.
The association between android‐to‐gynoid lean mass ratio and all‐cause and specific‐cause mortality in US adults: A prospective study
Authors: Fan Yuxin , Ding Li , Li Wei , Li Wei , Sun Longhao , Li Xin , Chang Lina , He Qing , Hu Gang , Wang Bo , Liu Ming
Published: November 2024

Objective

The associations of lean mass distribution with mortality risk are not fully elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a new lean mass distribution indicator‐android/gynoid lean mass ratio (AGLR) evaluated by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) on the risk of all‐cause and specific‐cause mortality in a NHANES cohort.

Methods

This was a population‐based cohort study, which included 18 542 subjects aged 20 years and older from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (US NHANES, 2003–2006 and 2011–2018). The primary outcomes of our study were all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular (CVD) mortality and cancer mortality, which were obtained from the linkage to registries. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to investigate the association between lean mass distribution and mortality risk among the US NHANES general population. Restricted cubic spline nested in Cox regression was also used to test whether there was a non‐linear association of AGLR as a continuous variable with the risk of mortality.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 6.9 years, 1412 participants died, of whom 435 were due to CVD and 340 were due to cancer. The multivariable‐adjusted (Model 4) hazard ratios (HRs) for each SD increase in AGLR were 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–1.67) for all‐cause mortality, 1.56 (95% CI 1.30–1.87) for cancer mortality and 1.64 (95% CI 1.47–1.84) for CVD mortality. The associations were robust in sensitivity analyses and present in most subgroups.

Conclusions

AGLR evaluated by DXA was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause and specific‐cause mortality among the general population from the US NHANES cohort.
Mode II Fracture Properties and Microscopic Damage Characteristics of Granite Under Freeze–Thaw Cycles: Laboratory Testing
Authors: Liang Yuanjie , Li Xia
Published: November 2024

Rock masses in alpine regions inevitably undergo freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles, which affects the safety of infrastructure such as slopes, with shear failure being a significant concern. This study investigates the Mode II fracture behavior of F–T treated granite via the short core in compression (SCC) test, analyzing the related physical properties and mechanical properties while also discussing F–T damage mechanism at a microscopic level. Results reveal that as F–T cycles increase, the dynamic elastic modulus and P‐wave velocity decrease, whereas porosity and backbone fractal dimension of pore scale increase, indicating a transition towards a large‐scale pore. Mode II fracture toughness decreased by 31.19% and fracture process zone width increased by 248.49% with F–T cycles rising from 0 to 80, and related fractal dimension of surface morphology also increased by 11.17%. Microscopic observation reveals the microstructure deterioration induced by F–T treatment, indicating the correlation between microscopic damage and macroscopic fracture properties.
Probability weighting and equity premium prediction: Investing with optimism
Authors: Azimi Mehran , Ghazi Soroush , Schneider Mark
Published: November 2024

Empirically motivated theoretical models of probability weighting which overweight tail events are finding many applications in finance. However, probability weighting has not yet been applied to equity premium prediction or to constructing optimal market timing investment strategies. We show that a measure of market optimism from a representative agent asset pricing model with probability weighting can be used to construct optimal dynamic investment strategies that outperform the buy‐and‐hold strategy and strategies generated by 17 leading equity premium predictors. We further show that this theory‐based measure of market optimism predicts the equity premium and market Sharpe ratio in‐sample and out‐of‐sample. The predictability is not subsumed by disaster probabilities, market sentiment, or market skewness. Our results indicate that our theory‐based measure provides a distinct channel for predicting aggregate stock returns.