bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPORTANCE OF THEATRE AND PERFORMANCE IN THE HISTORY AND FORMATION OF IDENTITY IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Chakroborthy Sudip
Published: April 2024

Theatre activities play an important role in the history as well as the daily lives of Bangladesh, and have contributed crucially towards both national and other senses of identity. The study shall now briefly address the notable performances and theatrical traditions that have interacted with Bangalee, the Bangladeshi nation and nationalism since the British colonial era. There are ambivalent, paradoxical, and complementary genealogies to be traced, all of which have “imagined” or “narrated” or “performed” in the nation in multiple ways. Whether as part of a postcolonial project in the reconstruction of the “collective imagination” or, on the other hand, as the creation of a new aesthetic, mirroring an emergent intercultural heterogeneity, or proposing intervention for social transformation, Bangladeshi performance has formed part of a vivid tableau of complex, shifting live spectacle in Bangladesh. This study will examine theatre and performance in Bangladesh both from the point of view of artistic practice, and as an agent for change.
CRITICAL TERRORISM STUDIES: A BRIEF STUDY
Authors: Islam Md. Didarul
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on the general understanding and stand points of the Critical Terrorism School which emerged with a view to understanding terrorism from a different perspective partially denying the traditional concepts and explanations of the Orthodox Terrorism Schools. This article attempts to critically examine the arguments of the Critical Terrorism Schools and the feasibility of their key arguments. In addition, a key discussion has focused on the debate whether state should be categorised as terrorist. In this article, it has been argued that state should not be categorised as terrorist and crimes committed by states should be studied as state violence. But this study corresponds to the position of the school to discuss terrorism from a critical lens. Finally, a set of interventions have been proposed for bridging the gaps between the Orthodox and Critical Terrorism Schools.
THE ROLE OF ISLAM AND SIKHISM IN CHECKING RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE
Authors: Reza Md. Mohshin
Published: April 2024

In recent times, the biggest obstacle to ensuring the security and dignity of human beings is the rise of religious intolerance. The problem needs a broad explanation. There have been several reasons behind the increase in this problem. This study explores misconceptions and lack of knowledge about different religions as one of the principal reasons for the rise of religious intolerance. Misconceptions about secularism and pluralism also accelerate the problem. The present researcher considers that violations of human rights and lack of religious freedom are the root causes of the rise of intolerance and religious extremism. Religious norms and values, and the objective study of different religious faiths play a significant role in establishing a peaceful society. The present research tries to find out the notion of Islam and Sikhism, in resisting religious intolerance on the one hand and establishing communal harmony on the other. Human beings do not live only for material necessities. There is a strong need for the spiritual nourishment of every human being. In this perspective, religions convey the universal messages of peace, security, tolerance and the protection of human rights and dignity among all, irrespective of class, race, and caste. The current paper deals with liberal approaches of Islam and Sikhism that encompass the spirit of brotherhood, catholicity, equality, pluralism, tolerance, and peaceful coexistence among the followers of different faiths.
PIRATES IN HAMLET AND HAMLET AS PIRATE: PIRATE POLITICS IN EARLY-MODERN ENGLAND
Authors: Simanto Md. Mehedi Karim
Published: April 2024

This paper argues that William Shakespeare's Hamlet reveals prince Hamlet to be capable of liaising with criminals like pirates for personal gain. In the play, Hamlet fought with a gang of pirates who surprisingly turned friend from foe. Critics have long understood this fight as a dramatization of Hamlet’s transformation from a meek prince to a daring adventurer who, after his sea journey, returned with renewed courage to challenge his actual enemies. Many researches, nevertheless, have found in this episode an allusion to early modern England’s policy regarding maritime piracy and security. How that policy can seem to have directly influenced Hamlet, however, has not been discussed adequately. Records confirm that early modern English kings have a history of hiring pirates as henchmen cum pseudo soldiers. This research aspires to show a link between this historical unethical practice of English monarchy and the adoption of evil means by Hamlet, a fictional prince of Denmark. In the play, for example, though the pirates kidnapped Hamlet, Hamlet’s attitude remained uncannily patronizing towards them. He even befriended the looters and had them do him services, i.e., transporting him to his country safely from a perilous travel so that he can avenge his father. Upon further investigation, Hamlet’s pirate-incident can be shown to have made Hamlet wanting to be a Danish king after the English model. To show this, a secondary research has been conducted. The result of this research is that, contextualized in the history of early modern sea robbery, Hamlet can appear to be legitimizing piracy just like contemporaneous English monarchy did.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Existing Businesses and the Global Economy
Authors:   Team Leader,Smart Leadership Academy, Bangladesh
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the business landscape and the global economy. This paper explores the multifaceted impact of AI on existing businesses, focusing on both opportunities and challenges. It analyzes how AI is enhancing productivity, optimizing decision-making, and creating new business models. The paper also examines the potential for job displacement and the need for workforce retraining. Furthermore, it discusses the broader economic implications of AI, including its contribution to economic growth, potential for inequality, and the importance of ethical considerations.
Impact of Recent Heat Wave on Public Health in Bangladesh
Authors:   Team Leader , Smart Leadership Academy, Bangladesh
Published: April 2024

Bangladesh, a country already grappling with a challenging climate, recently experienced a severe heat wave. This study investigates the impact of this heat wave on public health. We conduct a comprehensive literature review to understand the established health risks associated with heat waves. Next, we describe the methodology employed for data collection and analysis. This includes gathering data on hospital admissions, emergency department visits, and mortality rates during the heat wave period compared to historical controls. Additionally, we explore sociodemographic factors that might have exacerbated health risks. Statistical analysis will be performed to identify correlations between heat wave intensity and health outcomes. The findings will be presented, highlighting the prevalence of heat-related illnesses, vulnerable populations, and potential long-term health consequences. Finally, the study will discuss limitations and propose recommendations for future heat wave preparedness and response strategies in Bangladesh.
Macro and micro morphological features of Citrus reticulata Blanco cultivated in eastern Libya
Authors:   Botany department, Faculty of art and science, Al-Marj  Benghazi University- Libya, Ahmed Wafa
Published: April 2024

Citrus reticulate Blanco is economically and medically important and cultivated in Al-Marj city (Libya). In this study, the morphological, epidermal and anatomical characteristics of Citrus reticulate were considered in a laboratory experiment through staining of cut sections and microscope visualization with the aim of providing detailed description of characteristics of this plant species. Morphological characteristics of leaves, fruits, and seed are very important in comparing between Citrus species. Epidermal attributes such as a variety of cell shapes, hypostomatic, anamocytic stomata, and the presence of secretory cavities on the upper surface of the epidermis are valuable characteristics in distinguishing Citrus species. Also, the mesophyll structure, the shape of vascular bundle, the presence of druses and the secretory cavities features have taxonomic value in the Citrus genus. Additionally, the petiole features, the presence of trichomes and druses and characteristics of the vascular bundles are important for determining phylogenetic relationships between Citrus species. Key words: Citrus reticulata, morphology, anatomy, secertory cavities and druses, Al- Marj (Libya).
Design and simulate a rectangular microstrip patch antenna operating at 2.45 GH
Authors:   The college of Electrical & Electronic Technology  Benghazi –Libya, Elsitiy Waffa Mohamed , Muftah Mohanad Muftah ,   The college of Electrical & Electronic Technology  Benghazi –Libya
Published: April 2024

Design and simulation of a 2.45GHz Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA) are presented in this paper. Duroid (RT\5880), a dielectric material with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a substrate height of 1.6 mm, was chosen for our design. After the simulation was finished, the results showed a 4.746dBi directivity gain and a (-3dB) half power bandwidth of 91.60 at the E-plane and 114.90 at the H-plane. It was found that the return loss (S11) was -8.38dB. It was found that the voltage standing wave ratio, or VSWR, was 2.23. Keywords: Rectangular microstrip patch antenna, Duroid (RT\5880), Return loss, directivity, Half Power Bandwidth, Voltage standing wave ratio, CSTSTUDIO SUITE Software
Morphological Character and Percentage of Hotate Clams (Patinopecten Yessoensis) Meat Weight in the Growing Phase, in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan.
Authors: Faza  , Hary Tjahja Soedibya Petrus , Listiowati Emyliana , Gyogyo Iriyama
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on the growth and meat weight percentage of Hotate clams (Patinopecten yessoensis) during the rearing phase in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. Japan, as a major producer of seafood, including Hotate clams, plays a significant role in global seafood consumption. The objective of this study was to analyze the length-weight relationship of Hotate scallops and assess their meat weight percentage during the rearing phase. The research method involved observations using a random sampling technique during the period from August to October 2022. Samples were taken in Funka Bay, with coordinates between 42°20'-42°40' North and 140°00'-141°00' East at a depth of 43 meters. Results showed that the length-weight relationship of Hotate clams during August to October exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern, with the highest constant reaching 2.640. This means that length growth is faster than body weight. The percentage of Hotate clam (P. yessoensis) meat weight during the rearing phase ranged from 31.03% to 35.70%. This study provides important insights into the growth and meat composition of Hotate clams during critical phases in their culture in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. It can serve as a valuable information foundation for the management and maintenance of sustainable and productive Hotate clam aquaculture in the future.
The addition of personality measures to ability measures for predicting and understanding school achievement
Authors: Watterson David G. , Schuerger James M. , Melnyk George I.
Published: May 2024

This study attempts to validate the findings of previous research predicting academic achievement from intelligence measures with the addition of objective personality factors. Regression analysis was used to affirm: (a) better predictions can be made utilizing both personality and intelligence measures than either alone; (b) there appears to be a change across time in the importance of each predictor; and (c) difference achievement areas are best predicted by unique combinations of personality variables.
Psychological factors and blood chemistries as disease outcome predictors for cancer patients
Authors: Achterberg Jeanne , Lawlis G. Frank , Simonton O. Carl , Simonton Stephanie
Published: May 2024

The relationship between blood chemistries and psychological variables was studied in a population of cancer patients, the majority of whom had been diagnosed with incurable disease. An intensive batter of psychodiagnostics was administered (including MMPI, BEM Sex Role Inventory, FIRO-B, IMAGE-CA, POMS), was blood analyses (CBC, LDH, Alkaline Phosphatase, Cortisol, Cholesterol, FFA) were conducted. Various criterion variables (i.e., median life expectancy, disease and rehabilitation status) were included in the analyses. Initially, blood chemistries were clustered according to common variance via factor analysis and the factors were used to predict present and follow-up disease status. Psychological variables were utilized to predict respective variances within the blood chemistries. Psychological variables were then factor analyzed and utilized to determine wheter disease processes were related. The results of the analysis yield at least three basic conclusions: (1) Blood chemistries tend to reflect ongoing or concurrent disease state; (2) there is a statistical relationship between psychological variables and blood chemistries; and (3) psychological factors are predictive of subsequent disease status. However, these relationships are multidimensional and too complex to be considered either causative or reactive at this time. The results are impressive in that blood chemistries offer information only about the current state of the disease, whereas the psychological variables offer future insights.
Transiciones desiguales a la educación superior: Expectativas educativas y condicionantes socioeconómicos en alumnos del nivel secundario
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Tan Tarrillo Marisol
Published: April 2024

En las últimas décadas, el consumo cultural formativo se ha incrementado considerablemente, a la par que la educación se valoriza como medio de movilidad social y reducción de las desigualdades. Sin embargo, han prevalecido transiciones desiguales hacia la educación superior, la cual, al no tener un carácter obligatorio promovido por políticas educativas nacionales, hace que la decisión de insertarse en este nivel educativo recaiga específicamente en los jóvenes. No obstante, esta decisión se enmarca en las condiciones y factores propios de su contexto social. Es por ello que esta investigación se orientó a determinar la relación entre los condicionantes socioeconómicos y las expectativas educativas de alumnos del quinto grado de secundaria del colegio San Lorenzo, distrito Sócota, departamento Cajamarca. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa con tipo de investigación descriptivo-correlacional. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existe una relación positiva significativa entre los sub-condicionantes familiar, escolar y geográfico, y las expectativas educativas. En tanto, las transiciones juveniles en el ámbito escolar se fundamentan en condiciones sociales propias de su marco de convivencia, lo cual genera expectativas educativas heterogéneas y oportunidades educativas desiguales, pero que a la vez toman impulso por el valor social que se otorga a la educación
Exploring the Influence of Word Exposure via Facebook on Young EFL Learners’ Written Form of Word Knowledge
Authors: Ponsamak Noppadon , Sukying Apisak
Published: April 2024

This quantitative study aimed to investigate the impact of word exposure via Facebook on thevocabulary knowledge of Thai EFL primary school learners. Additionally, it sought to examinedifferences in receptive and productive written forms of word knowledge between differenteducation levels. It explored the relationship between participants’ vocabulary size and wordknowledge. Forty students from grades four and six participated in the study, which involveddesigning and validating tests to measure receptive and productive written forms of wordknowledge. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze quantitative data.The findings indicated significant improvements in students’ receptive and productivevocabulary knowledge, with noticeable development in their understanding of word spelling.Furthermore, grade six learners performed better than grade four learners on receptive andproductive written form measures. Correlational analysis revealed a relationship betweenvocabulary size and knowledge of written forms, indicating their interdependency. Overall, thisstudy suggests that exposure to words through Facebook positively influences vocabularyacquisition, underscoring the importance of word exposure experiences in learning vocabulary.Additionally, it highlights the predictive role of vocabulary size in the written form of wordknowledge. This study offers implications for practitioners and provides suggestions for futureresearch directions.
Lead News Coverage of Buddhist Monks in The Nation Online Newspaper: A Syntactic Analysis
Authors: Endoo Pisutpong
Published: April 2024

This research conducts Lead News Coverage of Buddhist Monks in The Nation Online Newspaper: A Syntactic Analysis. It delves into syntactic sentence types, phrase-level structures in subjects and predicates, and word-level structures within the same context. The qualitative study utilizes data collected from The Nation's website over a decade (2013–2023) to analyze sentence types categorized into simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex, revealing a preference for simple (51.79%) and complex sentences (39.29%), indicating a journalistic inclination towards clarity and in-depth information presentation. Phrase-level analysis highlights a dominance of Noun Phrases (43.26%) and Prepositional Phrases (32.01%), underscoring their role in establishing relational context and subjects in sentences. Word-level analysis uncovers a significant use of determiners (44.07%) and nouns (38.45%), emphasizing their essential roles in conveying meaning and specifying noun phrases. The study's findings suggest a strategic balance in The Nation's syntactic choices, reflecting a nuanced approach to ensuring readability while providing comprehensive information, aligning with broader trends in digital journalism. This research contributes to understanding the syntactic strategies in journalism, particularly in the context of online media and its representation of religious figures.
Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Dengan Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien tentang Swamedikasi Batuk
Authors: Arini Heny Dwi , Yuliawati Agustina Nila , Dewi Ni Putu Ayu Mita Permata
Published: April 2024

Batuk merupakan salah satu keluhan yang sering diobati dengan cara swamedikasi. Swamedikasi adalah pengobatan pada diri sendiri dengan membeli obat atas inisiatif sendiri tanpa nasehat dokter. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan seseorang adalah tingkat pendidikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan pasien tentang swamedikasi batuk dan mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan dengan pengetahuan pasien tentang swamedikasi batuk di Apotek Kimia Farma Sempidi. Penelitian analitik observasional dilakukan dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purvosive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi pasien tidak buta huruf, melakukan swamedikasi batuk, berusia 17-64 tahun. Pasien yang beprofesi sebagai tenaga kesehatan dieksklusikan dari penelitian. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan sebanyak 66 responden tentang swamedikasi batuk dengan tingkat pengetahuan terbanyak dalam kategori cukup dan pada tingkat pendidikan SMA/SMK (38%). Uji statistika menyatakan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan pengetahuan pasien tentang swamedikasi batuk (p=0,350).
Optimasi Komposisi Emulgator Formulasi Lotion Dengan Bahan Aktif Ceramide dan Vitamin C Menggunakan Metode SLD
Authors: Sawiji Repining Tiyas , Valtina Ni Putu , Putri Kadek Mita Wulandari , Dewi Ni Made Ayu Sukma , Nurjana Novia Hayyu , Adityawan Putu Agus Rama
Published: April 2024

Kulit merupakan bagian tubuh yang memiliki peranan penting, permasalahan kulit yang sering terjadi yaitu kusam, kering hingga hiperpigmentasi sehingga diperlukan perlindungan agar tidak menyebabkan kerusakan berlebih pada kulit. Body lotion adalah salah satu kosmetika untuk perawatan kulit yang memiliki fungsi mengurangi dehidrasi pada kulit dan sebagai sumber lembab bagi kulit. Setil alkohol dan CMC-Na adalah agen emulgator yang sering digunakan dalam body lotion. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi proporsi emulgator dalam formulasi sediaan lotion dan menguji karakteristik fisik sediaan lotion serta uji hedonik yang berkaitan dengan kepuasan dan kenyamanan responden terhadap sediaan lotion yang telah dioptimasi.
Optimasi formula dilakukan menggunakan metode simplex lattice design (SLD) pada software Design Expert 10.0.3. Desain D-optimal mixture akan digunakan untuk mengoptimasi konsentrasi dari emulgator berdasarkan karakteristik fisiknya yaitu viskositas dan daya sebar. Formulasi lotion optimum menggunakan campuran setil alhokol dan CMC-Na sebagai emulgator kemudian dievaluasi kembali terkait sifat-sifat fisik seperti homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, daya lekat, serta dilakukan uji hedonik.
Komposisi setil alkohol dan CMC-Na sebagai emulgator berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik fisik sediaan lotion. Hasil formula optimum menggunakan software Design Expert yaitu formula 5 dengan kombinasi setil alkohol 1,75% dan CMC-Na 2,25% sebagai emulgator yang memliki daya sebar 5,03; pH 6,5; dan viskositas 2900 sebagai syarat suatu sediaan body lotion.
Profil Pelayanan Resep di Apotek Wilayah Kecamatan Denpasar Barat
Authors: Tri Sutrisna I Nyoman Gede
Published: April 2024

Apotek merupakan sarana pelayanan kesehatan dalam membantu mewujudkan tercapainya derajat kesehatan yang optimal bagi masyarakat. Kegiatan pelayanan kefarmasian semula hanya berfokus pada pengelolaan obat berlalih menjadi pelayanan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Apoteker atau tenaga teknis kefarmasian harus mampu berinteraksi dengan tenaga kesehatan lain maupun pasien. Bentuk interaksi tersebut salah satunya adalah pelayanan resep yang dilakukan. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian mengenai profil pelayanan resep di apotek di wilayah Kecamatan Denpasar Barat. Penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data dari pelelitian ini diperoleh dari kuesioner yang diberikan dan diawab oleh apoteker dan tenaga teknis kefarmasian pada masing masing apotek yang terpilih. Kuesioner tersebut berisi sebelas indikator pelayanan resep di apotek yaitu pemberian nomor resep, pemeriksaan skrining administratif, pemeriksaan skrining farmasetik, pemeriksaan skrining terapetik, validasi penerimaan resep, pemeriksaan penyiapan obat, validasi penyiapan obat, pemeriksaan penyerahan obat, validasi penyerahan obat, pemeriksaan pengarsipan resep dan validasi pengarsipan resep. Dari hasil perhitungan dan analisis data diperoleh skor rata-rata pada setiap indikator sebagai berikut; indikator pemberian nomor resep 2,67 dengan klasifikasi baik, pemeriksaan skrining administratif 2,73 dengan klasifikasi baik, pemeriksaan skrining farmasetik 2,92 dengan klasifikasi baik, skrining terapetik 2,67 dengan klasifikasi baik, validasi penerimaan resep 2,98 dengan klasifikasi baik, pemeriksaan penyiapan 2,96 obat dengan klasifikasi baik, validasi penyiapan obat 3,00,  pemeriksaan penyerahan obat 3,00 dengan klasifikasi baik, validasi penyerahan obat 2,79 dengan klasifikasi baik, pengarsipan resep 2,77 dengan klasifikasi baik, validasi pengarsipan resep 2,75 dengan klasifikasi baik.
Gambaran Distribusi Obat Indikator di Instalasi Farmasi Kabupaten Klungkung
Authors: Kharisma Anom Eka
Published: April 2024

Obat indikator adalah obat-obat yang dipilih sebagai obat pendukung program kesehatan ibu, kesehatan anak, penanggulangan dan pencegahan penyakit, pelayanan kesehatan dasar esensial. Agar obat indikator dapat diterima oleh unit pelayanan, maka dilaksanakan distribusi obat oleh Instalasi Farmasi Kabupaten. Pendistribusian obat yang efektif dapat menjamin ketersediaan jenis dan jumlah obat indikator dari Instalasi Farmasi secara merata dan teratur untuk memenuhi kebutuhan unit pelayanan.Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif-retrospektif. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dari SBBK, LPLPO Puskesmas bulan Januari sampai dengan Maret 2020 dan kartu stok gudang Instalasi Farmasi Kabupaten Klungkung. Hasil penelitian, diperoleh bahwa distribusi obat indikator di Instalasi Farmasi Kabupaten Klungkung belum terlaksana secara maksimal. Diantaranya ketepatan distribusi obat indikator diperoleh hasil sebesar 88,89% yang menunjukkan belum sesuainya distribusi yang dilakukan IFK Klungkung dengan standar yaitu 100%. Tingkat ketersediaan obat yang sudah baik dan memenuhi standar yaitu sebesar 93,24% serta rata-rata waktu kekosongan obat yang memperoleh hasil sebesar 1,68% dan belum memenuhi standar yaitu 0%. Simpulan penelitian adalah gambaran distribusi obat indikator di Instalasi Farmasi Kabupaten Klungkung belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal dan harus diperbaiki ke depannya untuk menjamin ketersediaan jenis dan jumlah obat indikator di unit pelayanan.
Kajian Pola Penggunaan Obat Pada Penderita Traveller’s Diarrhea Dengan Infeksi di Sebuah Klinik di Ubud - Bali
Authors: Tri Sutrisna Nyoman Gede , Dhrik Mahadri , Sintya Dewa Ayu
Published: April 2024

Traveller’s Diarrhea adalah salah satu jenis diare yang sering dialami oleh para wisatawan yang dapat terjadi karena adanya infeksi bakteri, virus, parasit dan malabsorbsi. Pada pengobatan traveller’s diarrhea yang disebabkan oleh infeksi umumnya menggunakan antibiotik yang disertai obat penunjang lainnya. Tingginya penggunaan antibiotik pada penderita traveller’s diarrhea merupakan salah satu faktor resiko terjadinya resistensi antibiotik yang semakin meningkat. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian untuk menganalisis pola penggunaan obat pada penderita traveller’s diarrhea dengan infeksi di UbudCare Clinic.
Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross - sectional dan jenis penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang dilakukan secara restropektif dengan menganalisis resep pada rekam medis yang tersedia. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dilakukan secara non random, purposive sampling yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dari bulan Januari 2019 – Februari 2020.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh sampel penelitian sebanyak 54 penderita dengan hasil yaitu penyebab infeksi utama pada penderita traveller’s diarrhea adalah amoebiasis + bakteri (59,26%). Antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ciprofloxacin (70,37%), kombinasi ciprofloxacin+metronidazole (16.66%), azithromycin (5,56%) dan cefixime (5.56%). Sedangkan, sebagai terapi simtomatis yang paling banyak diberikan adalah antidiare seperti loperamid HCL (40.74%) dan attapulgit (22,22%), antipiretik yaitu paracetamol (31,48%), antiemetik yaitu ondansentron (44,44%), hyoscine-butylbromide tunggal (1,85%), dan terapi suportif seperti oralit (53,70%) dan probiotik (35,19%). Berdasarkan studi pemeriksaan literatur, penggunaan obat diatas telah sesuai dengan pedoman pengobatan diare.
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Gelling Agent (Xanthan Gum dan Carbopol) pada Sediaan Serum dengan bahan Aktif Retinoic Acid
Authors: Sawiji Repining Tiyas
Published: April 2024

Aktivitas dari retinoic acid atau vitamin A dapat mengatasi jerawat, kerutan, noda hitam, dan kerusakan kulit akibat paparan matahari. Formulasi serum biasanya sering ditambahkan vitamin E sebagai zat aktif sebagai aktivitas antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membandingkan konsentrasi gelling agent yang terdapat pada setiap formula. Lima formula serum tersebut menggunakan xanthan gum dan karbopol dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda tiap formula dari formula 1 hingga formula 5. Uji organoleptis masing-masing formula menunjukkan sediaan berwarna kuning pucat, kuning pekat, dan kuning buram, aroma khas kenanga, dan terbentuk tekstur yang kurang kental hingga sangat kental karena perbedaan konsentrasi gelling agent. Uji pH dari semua formula sudah memenuhi syarat yaitu 4,5-6,5 yaitu hasilnya ada pada rentang 4,5-6. Semua formula serum memenuhi persyaratan uji viskositas, daya sebar, dan daya lekat yang baik serta menunjukkan serum tipe M/A. Berdasarkan hasil uji hedonik yang didapat menyatakan bahwa formulasi F3 memiliki nilai kesukaan yang relatif tinggi dibandingkan dengan formula lainnya, hal tersebut dikarenakan tekstur yang tidak terlalu kental ataupun cair dibandingkan dengan yang lain.
Penetapan Kadar Proantosianidin Ekstrak Etanol Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis
Authors: Safitri Sela , Jubaidah Siti , Nurhasnawati Henny
Published: April 2024

Biji alpukat memiliki kandungan zat yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam mengobati sakit gigi, maag kronis, hipertensi dan diabetes melitus. Ekstrak etanol biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, dan proantosianidin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar proantosianidin ekstrak etanol biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dimulai dengan pengumpulan biji buah alpukat yang diperoleh dari kebun alpukat jalan Berambai Kota Samarinda, pengolahan simplisia, pembuatan ekstrak dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95%, skrining fitokimia, dan penetapan kadar proantosianidin menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan pembanding katekin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biji alpukat mengandung sejumlah besar alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid, tanin dan proantosianidin. Ekstrak yang positif mengandung proantosianidin dengan penambahan pereaksi Vanilin-HCl pekat yang spesifik bereaksi pada polifenol dengan inti flavan-3-ol, kemudian dibaca pada panjang gelombang 499 nm, dan diperoleh rata-rata kadar proantosianidin dalam ekstrak etanol biji alpukat sebesar 2,41 mgCE/ g Ekstrak ± 0,88096.
Penanganan Pada Pasien Yang Mengalami Gangguan Otot Akibat Pemberian Obat Golongan Statin (SAMS): Review
Authors: Putri Warrantia Citta Citti , Sari Murtiyana , Wahyuni Fitri Ayu , Suryani Nining
Published: April 2024

Pengobatan dislipidemia adalah proses pengobatan jangka panjang yang bertujuan menurunkan dan menjaga kadar lipid dalam darah. Dalam hal ini, obat golongan statin menjadi pilihan utama karena efektivitasnya dalam mengurangi risiko kematian dan morbiditas. Meskipun efek sampingnya relatif dapat ditoleransi, nyeri otot adalah efek samping yang sering muncul dan perlu diperhatikan. Jika nyeri otot berlangsung lama dan semakin parah, dapat menyebabkan gangguan otot yang memerlukan penanganan khusus. Banyak pasien dewasa yang berhenti mengonsumsi statin karena efek samping ini, yang berdampak signifikan pada kesehatan. Berhenti mengonsumsi statin juga berhubungan dengan peningkatan kadar LDL (kolesterol jahat) dan mengurangi peluang mencapai target LDL. Intoleransi terhadap statin juga dikaitkan dengan risiko infark miokard berulang, penyakit jantung koroner, dan kematian yang lebih tinggi. Oleh karena itu, strategi pengelolaan dan pengobatan yang optimal harus mempertimbangkan dosis statin yang dapat ditoleransi dan kombinasi dengan terapi penurun lipid non-statin untuk mencapai target LDL yang diinginkan.
Pengaruh Penyaluran Zakat Oleh Baznas Terhadap Jumlah Mustahik Miskin Di Kota Jambi Periode 2014-2018
Authors: Riskawati Eri
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine how the development of zakat distribution in BAZNAS and the number of poor mustahik in Jambi city during 2014-2018 and how the influence of zakat distribution by BAZNAS on the number of poor mustahik in Jambi City during 2014-2018. The method used in this research is In this study the authors conducted research with qualitative methods. Qualitative method is a research approach used to understand social phenomena or human behavior from an in-depth and complex perspective. In contrast to quantitative methods that focus more on measuring numbers and statistics, qualitative methods emphasize the collection and analysis of data that is descriptive, contextual, and interpretative. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the receipt and distribution of zakat funds by BAZNAS Jambi City from 2014 to 2018. This shows the efforts of the Jambi City government in increasing the distribution of zakat funds as a way to overcome poverty. The number of poor mustahik who receive zakat from BAZNAS Jambi City has also increased significantly every year. This shows that the increase in the distribution of zakat funds has succeeded in reaching the target population in need.
PENGARUH LABELISASI HALAL DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK MAKANAN IMPOR DALAM KEMASAN (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa FEBI Uin Sts Jambi)
Authors: Anggraini Dwi Sinta
Published: April 2024

This study aims to reveal the effect of halal labeling and prices on purchasing decisions for imported food products in packaging (a case study of FEBI UIN STS Jambi students). As a goal, among others, to determine the effect of halal labeling on purchasing decisions of imported food products in packaging, and to determine the effect of prices on purchasing decisions of imported food products in packaging. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach with questionnaire data collection methods (questionnaires), interviews, and documentation. The population in this study were students of FEBI UIN STS Jambi and samples as research respondents will be taken using non-probability sampling techniques with the Slovin formula of 100 students found at the time of the study. Data obtained in this study were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the SPSS 21 program.The results of this study indicate that the calculated F value of 31.724 is greater than the F table of 3.09, which means that simultaneously there is an influence on the labeling of halal (X1) and price (X2) on the purchase decision for imported food products in packaging. Partially, it can be seen that all independent variables influence the purchasing decision, namely the halal labeling variable (X1) of 7,554 is greater than t table of 1.984 and the price (X2) of 2.074 is greater than the value of t table 1.984. Based on the results seen from the beta coefficient, the variable that most influences the Purchase Decision variable is the Halal Labeling variable which has a beta coefficient of 0.597 which is greater than the beta coefficient of the price variable which is only 0.164.
Peran Koperasi Syariah Dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian Masyarakat Desa Harapan Makmur
Authors: Siyamsih Dwi
Published: April 2024

The purpose of writing this research is to find out the role of Sharia Cooperatives in improving the economy of Harapan Makmur Village Community. This type of research is qualitative research. Research reveals phenomena or events by explaining, describing / describing in clear and detailed words through language that is not aimed at numbers / numbers. Qualitative research is research that solves problems using empirical data. This research technique uses inductive techniques based on specific facts, then analyzed and finally found a general problem solving. The result of the research is that the existence of a Sharia Cooperative in Harapan Makmur Village is very helpful as a solution to the wheels of the community economy. With this Sharia Cooperative, the income of members of the Harapan Makmur Village Sharia Cooperative has increased. Harapan Makmur Village Sharia Cooperative has a positive influence on Cooperative members, because in addition to being a capital provider, Sharia Cooperatives also make people avoid practices that are prohibited in Islam such as Maysir, Gharar, and Riba.
Electrochemical and Quantum Chemical Investigations of novel pyrazole derivatives as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Stainless Steel in 2M H2SO4 medium
Authors: CHAHMOUT Hoyam , OUAKKI Moussa , SIBOUS Sarra , ECH-CHIHBI Elhachmia , BENZEKRI Zakaria , BOUKHRIS Saïd , SOUIZI Abdelaziz , CHERKAOUI Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Stainless steels play a crucial role in diverse industrial domains. However, due to their exposure to acidic environments, stainless steels undergo the corrosion phenomenon, leading to the deterioration of the material and its properties. Thus, the objective of this work is to study the corrosion inhibition of stainless steel in an H2SO4 2M medium by using two organic compounds, namely Py-3:{1-amino-5,10-dioxo-3-(p-tolyl)-5,10-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b] phthalazine-2-carbonitrile} and Py-4:{1-amino-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-2carbonitrile}. This study was conducted using transient electrochemical methods in conjunction with a theoretical approach. The obtained results demonstrate that the addition of pyrazole compounds in the corrosive medium H2SO4 exhibits excellent inhibitory power against steel corrosion, with an inhibitory efficiency reaching 98%. The tested inhibitors are adsorbed into the surface of the metal by chemical bonds, Moreover, the adsorption of these compounds follows the Langmuir adsorption model. Theoretical calculations based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT) provide a better understanding of the reactivity of tested inhibitor towards stainless steel which they are in good agreement with the experimental findings.
Role of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in Assessment and Follow-up of Gastrointestinal Tract Malignancies
Authors: Nabil Ghada Mohamed , Osman Heba A. , Khalifa Mai Sayed , Wahman Mohamed Mostafa Ali
Published: April 2024

Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) is a highly advanced imaging method that has several uses in oncology, such as determining the stage of cancer, evaluating the effectiveness of treatment, reevaluating the stage of cancer, and monitoring for the return of cancer over time. PET advancement has brought out a new capacity in medical diagnosis: being able to non-invasively examine the physiological condition of interior tissues. The integration of PET with simultaneous CT combines two procedures that enable the diagnosis of metabolic or receptor-specific abnormalities together with precise anatomical localization. In comparison to PET alone, the PET/CT combination is more effective in accurately identifying the location of abnormalities and distinguishing between normal and abnormal uptake of FDG along with additional tracers. PET/CT has become an essential component of management guidelines in many diseases such as lung, breast, and lymphoproliferative malignancies. The ability to image metabolic processes like glucose metabolism adds to the information provided by structural imaging, especially in the context of treatment monitoring, where metabolic changes can often precede structural changes.
Ninety Days complications rate in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with enhanced recovery protocol
Authors: Hasan Ahmed M , AbdelRazek Mostafa , Elamir Shehab E , AbdelKader Mohammed S , Mohamed Omar , Fathi Atef , Mahmoud Osama , Abolyosr Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Bladder cancer is a carcinoma of the urothelial, or “umbrella,” cells that line the lumen of the urinary bladder. Technically, urothelial carcinoma includes tumors of the bladder, upper urinary tract (renal pelvis and ureters), and proximal urethra. Bladder cancer accounts for approximately 90% to 95% of urothelial carcinoma; bladder cancer comprises 75% pure urothelial carcinoma and 25% “variant” histology, adding complexity to the management of this disease. Bladder cancer can be categorized in several way, almost all bladder cancers originate in the urothelium, which is a 3- to 7-cell mucosal layer within the muscular bladder. Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder can involve multiple sites; however, the lateral wall and trigone are more commonly involved by this tumor. All small cell carcinomas of the urinary system identified so far have been located in the urinary bladder, most commonly in the dome and vesical lateral wall. Radical cystectomy is a crucial surgical technique in managing MIBC, high-risk NMIBC, and treatment-refractory NMIBC. Despite a high perioperative mortality rate (5-10%), it now carries a 1-2% mortality rate due to improvements in surgical technique, intensive care medicine evolution, and antibiotic availability.
Comparison of 2 Days versus 5 Days of Octreotide after Endoscopic Therapy in Preventing Early Esophageal Varices Rebleed: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: El Sawaf Mennat-Allah Mohamed , Soliman Hanan Hamed , Elfert Asem Ahmed , Ali Lobna Ahmed Abo , Soliman Samah Mosaad , Hussein Boshra Elsayed Talha
Published: April 2024

In esophageal varices bleeding, following the initial endoscopic hemostasis, it is recommended to administer vasoactive medications for a period of 2-5 days in order to avoid early rebleeding. Octreotide is the preferred vasoactive medication for treating variceal bleeding due to its favorable safety profile. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a 2-day octreotide infusion against a 5-day octreotide infusion following endoscopic intervention in avoiding early rebleeding of esophageal varices in individuals with cirrhosis. This study was a prospective, parallel, randomised controlled experiment conducted on a cohort of 184 subjects who were recruited from the endoscopy unit of the Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department at Tanta University Hospital in Egypt. The five days rate of rebleeding was 16.85% in the 2-days group against 15.91% in the 5- days group without significant difference (P= 0.865). In cirrhotic individuals with bleeding esophageal varices, a 2-day regimen of octreotide is equally efficacious as a 5-day regimen in avoiding rebleeding over a 5-day period, following successful control of bleeding with endoscopic intervention.
Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (MAPSE) as a Predictor of Weaning Failure in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Authors: Al-Amir Nashwa Abed Mohamed , El-Shishtawy Mohamed Shawky , Mowafy Ahmed Hossam Ahmed , Abdel Bary Akram Mohamed , Magdy Khaled Hussein
Published: April 2024

Weaning failure is multifactorial in nature; it can result from diaphragmatic dysfunction, excess mechanical load, weaning-induced cardiovascular dysfunction, or a reduced ability to clear secretions. To investigate mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) by using M-mode echocardiography as a predictor of weaning failure and its relation to length of intensive care unit stay, and to hospital mortality, and correlation of MAPSE with APACHE II and SOFA scores as predictors of outcome. This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted on 50 patients admitted to Critical Care Medicine Department, Cairo University Hospitals (Kasr Al-Aini Hospitals), with a diagnosis of acute respiratory failure who required mechanical ventilation, from January 2019 to December 2020. There was significant relation between weaning from mechanical ventilation and APACHE II score, we found highly significant difference with SOFA score. ROC curve for detection of weaning using MAPSE showed Area Under the Curve of 0.918 with highly statistically significant relation with cut off value is 13.9 with Sensitivity 83.3% and Specificity 92.3%; and thus, MAPSE could be a good indicator for successful weaning. We concluded that; Low Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) could be a good predictor of weaning failure and mortality, The higher MAPSE values are correlated with lower ICU stay duration. We found that RSBI and SOFA score are predictors for successful weaning, also SOFA and APACHE II scores are indicators of mortality.
Manganese 11 Complexes of Salycilhydroxamix Acid with Aniline and Ammonia with Its Properties the Effect on Microorganism
Authors: Salith Hauwa S. , Aliyu Haruna D. , Abdulhadi Jamila S.
Published: April 2024

The salicylichyroxamic acid (SHA) its complex of Mn (II) along with their mixed ligand complexes of ammonia and aniline were prepared in high yields. Both the ligands and complexes were both soluble in methanol, DMSO but are insoluble in chloroform and distilled water. Their melting point were high and falls between 1910C - 400 0C. The IR spectra of the synthesized compound showed the coordination of the ligand through the oxygen of the phenolic NOH and C=O functional groups to the metals.  The electronic spectra of the complexes in methanol showed some observable absorption bands of the following transitions; for Mn(SHA) complex transition is at 6A1g(s)→ 4T2g, that of Ammonia mixed complex 6A1g(s)→ 4T2g  and that of Aniline mixed complex 6A1g(s)→ 4T2g. All the transitions were in the range of those observed for octahedral complexes. The antimicrobial activity of the ligand SHA (C7H7NO3), the complexes and reference drug was study against two bacterial species staphylococcus auerus and Escherichia coli, and one fungi species candida albicans. This was done using agar disc diffusion method measuring the diameter of inhibitions zone for each compound. The Mn (II) complexes produced in this study  showed significant activity against the used micro-organisms.  Therefore, they have potential application as anti-microbial agent.
Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs) Among HIV Sero-Positive Patients Attending Selected Hospitals at Otukpo Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Enokela M. O. , Gberikon G. M. , Ichor S. T.
Published: April 2024

Prevalence of uropathogenic bacteria among HIV sero-positive Patients attending selected Hospitals at Otukpo Benue State Nigeria was investigated. A total of 392 mid-stream urine samples from Patients with HIV infection attending St. Daniel Hospital, Royal Specialist Hospital, General Hospital and St. Charles Hospital was collected and analyzed using standard Microbiological and biochemical methods for isolation and identification of organisms. Prevalence of the infection was also determined. Socio-demographic variables were obtained using a pre-designed structured questionnaire. Data were entered into a data base designed using SPSS Statistical software version 20 and analyzed using Chi square. Out of 392 samples, 115 were tested positive for urinary tract infections and five different types of bacteria were isolated. The bacteria isolated and their prevalence were Escherichia coli 42(36.5%), Proteus mirabilis 32(27.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 17(14.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 12(10.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 12(10.4%). The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection in HIV patients was 29.3%.The female had prevalence of 30.9%, while the male had 27.4%. The age group 16-25years had the highest occurrence 16(33.3%). Based on occupation, business people had the highest positivity rate of 38(31.1%). The married had 43(30.7%) positivity rate. The prevalence of urinary tract infections among the HIV negative individuals was 26.9%. The information provided in this report is useful in the clinical management of urinary tract infections among HIV sero-positive patients in the study area