bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bibliotecas universitárias e obras raras
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigues Marcia , Esperon Vian Alissa , Diniz Teixeira Heytor
Published: April 2022

Apresenta os resultados de pesquisa realizada entre os anos de 2017 e 2019, a qual buscou mapear os acervos bibliográficos raros pertencentes às universidades gaúchas. Quanto à metodologia, foi realizada revisão bibliográfica em fontes nacionais e estrangeiras para a construção do aporte teórico. No portal e-MEC, realizou-se levantamento das universidades gaúchas, o que resultou em 19 instituições. A partir dessa listagem e de pesquisa nos sites institucionais das mesmas, foram identificados os gestores das bibliotecas pertencentes a cada uma das instituições. Para a coleta de dados, elaborou-se um questionário contendo 16 questões semifechadas, o qual foi enviado aos gestores. A partir do retorno dos questionários, foi possível conhecer um pouco mais os acervos, sistematizando as respostas e evidenciando as características deste importante conjunto documental. Os resultados apontam que das 19 instituições gaúchas, 12 possuem obras raras em seus acervos bibliográficos. Destas, 11 participaram efetivamente da pesquisa. A investigação permitiu conhecer informações referentes aos acervos raros de universidades gaúchas até então desconhecidos pela academia, dos quais destacam-se os seguintes aspectos: sua formação se deu, predominantemente, por doações às instituições depositárias; em relação à segurança e à conservação destes acervos, constatou-se que as universidades adotam as medidas e procedimentos possíveis, de acordo com a sua realidade, porém fica evidente a necessidade de investimentos dessa natureza para assegurar a salvaguarda das coleções; quanto ao acesso aos acervos, observa-se a necessidade de elaboração de políticas de uso das coleções na maior parte das instituições participantes.
A P-Robustness Approach for the Stochastic Inventory Routing Problem
Authors: Franco Franco Carlos , Figueroa-García Juan Carlos , Tenjo-García Juan Sebastían
Published: April 2022

Context: Approaches to logistics solutions through mathematical optimization are widely studied in the literature given their importance for business operations and their computational complexity. In this way, studying the uncertainty associated to operations is a key factor in modeling and decision-making.
Method: A stochastic mathematical model is proposed for the Inventory Routing Problem (IRP), considering scenarios with variation in the demands. To obtain a suitable approach, a p-robustness approach and the reformulation of the classical IRP are presented.
Results: The performed experiments show the benefits of including uncertainty through a p-robust approach when they are analyzed within an instance of the IRP. Moreover, given the selected modeling, the benefits of combining the approaches can be analyzed.
Conclusions: The development of stochastic approaches for decision-making applied to the IRP allow analysts to handle uncertainty and also reduce the complexity of decision when combining different types of problems (Routing + Inventory) in the same model.
Capital Requirements to Cover Operational Risk in Financial Institutions of Emerging Markets. A Gaussian Copula Model
Authors: Garzon-Rozo Betty Johanna , Martín Bernal Claudia Paola , Rueda Velasco Feizar Javier
Published: April 2022

Context: Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) has been the umbrella to identify the models used for modeling the capital to cover Operational Risk (Total Operational Value at Risk, OpVaR) in financial institutions in developed countries. The Loss Distribution Approach (LDA) has been the most popular model used by international banks for OpVaR calculation. However, the operational losses frequently have multivariate dependences that are not accounted for in the LDA. This paper applies a Gaussian copula to model the multivariate dependences in operational losses. Method: Two models were compared to estimate capital requirement for operational risk. Model (i) is the standard LDA model (BCBS 2004). Model (ii) incorporates a multivariate Gaussian copula into the LDA to model multivariate dependence between operational losses (severities). This research analyzes an operational loss data set, SAS® Operational Risk Global Data (SAS OpRisk Global Data), in order to model operational risk at financial institutions in emerging markets between 1990 and 2013. Results: The impact of Model (ii) was evaluated on the estimates of the total regulatory capital for operational risk and compared with the one predicted by (i). The results confirm the existence of diversification benefit up to 33%. Conclusions: Modeling explicitly the multivariate dependence between operational losses has a clear impact on capital requirement for institutions in emerging markets. The implementation of a Gaussian copula into the LDA model provides a sophisticated tool to estimate operational risk capital in emerging markets, as well as the possibility for diversification benefit. Acknowledgements: To SAS for providing the database used in this research.
Cartografías e Imágenes de la Memoria: Una Ruta Hacia el Análisis de los Procesos de Recuerdo y Olvido de los Habitantes de la Zona Rural de Ciudad Bolívar
Authors: Rodríguez Arévalo Diego Mauricio
Published: April 2022

Los diferentes matices, transgresiones y proyecciones que establece la memoria en los es­pacios, usos, objetos y prácticas cotidianas observadas en los habitantes de la zona rural de Ciudad Bolívar, son analizados por medio de la imagen que, al ser entendida como un ins­trumento mental y gráfico que provoca procesos de recuerdo y olvido, es capaz de producir una serie de cartografías y narrativas que evidencian las formas particulares utilizadas por esta comunidad para hacer memoria. El tránsito a través del cual una imagen se convierte en memoria, y ésta a su vez encuentra en la narración u otros dispositivos la posibilidad de ser expresada y compartida, hace efectiva la posibilidad de construir una propuesta investigativa que instala los escenarios y herramientas necesarias para reflexionar sobre la memoria y la manera en que ésta se tramita por parte de la comunidad intervenida. Basado en lo anterior, el objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar las imágenes que configuran los procesos del recuerdo y el olvido de los habitantes de la vereda de Pasquilla, con el propósito de diseñar y desarrollar una cartografía que dé cuenta de las formas de la memoria que se manifiestan a través de la narración.
Encarar el dolor social: vidas que cuentan en escuelas afectadas por conflictividades urbanas
Authors: Areiza Pérez Erica Elexandra
Published: April 2022

En las últimas décadas, las disputas entre distintos grupos armados por el control del territorio han sembrado muerte, miedo y estigmatización en la Comuna 13 de Medellín. Las escuelas también han sido permeadas por distintas formas de violencia y desigualdad social. El artículo presenta resultados de una tesis doctoral realizada a partir de una Investigación Narrativa - (Auto)biográfica enfocada en el ejercicio de las subjetividades políticas de los maestros y en sus aportes a la formación de las nuevas generaciones en esta zona de la ciudad. Dentro de los hallazgos se destacan resistencias, creaciones, experiencias pacifistas y procesos de construcción de memoria histórica desarrollados en distintos escenarios educativos.
Demonios e historiadores en tiempos de “Juego de Tronos”: Los usos de la Edad Media
Authors: Serna-Dimas Adrián
Published: April 2022

Reseña de: Kaufman, A. y Sturtevant, P. (2020). The Devil’s Historians. How Modern Extremistsabuse the Medieval Past. University of Toronto Press.
Producción Científica Posterior al Acuerdo De Paz En Colombia: Un Análisis Bibliométrico
Authors: Salgado Chamorro Delio Luis
Published: April 2022

El acuerdo de paz entre el gobierno de Colombia y la guerrilla de Las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia configuran un paso histórico en la resolución de conflictos armados, convirtiéndose en tema de interés para la investigación académica. Sin embargo, no se ha encontrado un estudio que analice dicho interés a la luz de las publicaciones realizadas. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la producción científica sobre el proceso de paz y el posconflicto a partir de la firma del acuerdo final del año 2016, utilizando como metodología el análisis bibliométrico. Se analizaron 487 estudios científicos publicados entre 2016 y 2021. Los resultados muestran un creciente interés investigativo en el área, de autores, tanto nacionales como internacionales y exponen temáticas emergentes relacionadas con la mujer, el género, lo ambiental y los cultivos ilícitos en el posconflicto.
School-Based Improvement in VET: “The 1,000 Schools in Vocational Education and Training Project”
Authors: ÖZER Mahmut
Published: April 2022

Vocational education and training (VET) faces a significant transformation after the 2000s, due to the widespread use of automation and artificial intelligence-based production technologies. VET also have other struggles including higher student flow to academic track and higher rate of socioeconomically disadvantaged students in VET institutions. In this context, it is of great importance to improve the school climate of VET institutions. The “1,000 Schools in Vocational Education and Training Project” was initiated by the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) in order to extending the paradigm shift in recent years in VET. This study aims to evaluate how school-based improvements are made across Turkey in the project. The project, which is the largest-scale programme for the improvement of Turkish VET system, covered approximately 25% of VET high schools in Turkey. Within the scope of the project, 1,000 disadvantaged schools based on education indicators were selected. As a part of multi-stage support; more than one hundred thousand students attended academic support programs, and more than four hundred thousand students attended psychosocial support and coping with addiction trainings. The number of participants in pedagogical and leadership skill programme for teachers and school administrators has exceeded three hundred thousand. Parents’ participation in open secondary schools, open high schools and vocational courses was encouraged, and more than 11 thousand parents were ensured to attend these trainings. Within the improving of schools’ physical infrastructure, new laboratories and libraries were established and workshops in schools. The project proofs that the school climate can be improved via multi-stage support and it has become a practical model the "10,000 Schools in Primary Education Project".
Real hypersurfaces in ℂP
2 and ℂH
2 with constant scalar curvature
Authors: Wang Yaning
Published: April 2022

In this paper, Hopf hypersurfaces in a complex projective plane ℂP
2(c) or a complex hyperbolic plane ℂH
2(c) with constant scalar curvature are classified. For a non-Hopf hypersurface in ℂP
2(c) with constant scalar curvature r, it is proved that if the structure vector field is an eigenvector of the Ricci operator, then either r = 7c/2 or r = 3c/2. Moreover, these two cases are determined completely under an additional condition.
Counting isolated points outside the image of a polynomial map
Authors: Hilany Boulos El
Published: April 2022

We consider a generic family of polynomial maps f := (f
1, f
2) : ℂ2 → ℂ2 with given supports of polynomials, and degree deg f := max(deg f
1, deg f
2). We show that the (non-) properness of maps f in this family depends uniquely on the pair of supports, and that the set of isolated points in ℂ2 ∖ f(ℂ2) has a size of at most 6 deg f. This improves an existing upper bound (deg f – 1)2 proven by Jelonek. Moreover, for each n ∈ ℕ, we construct a dominant map f as above, with deg f = 2n + 2, and having 2n isolated points in ℂ2 ∖ f(ℂ2). Our proofs are constructive and can be adapted to a method for computing isolated missing points of f. As a byproduct, we describe those points in terms of singularities of the bifurcation set of f.
Boundary element analysis of rotating functionally graded anisotropic fiber-reinforced magneto-thermoelastic composites
Authors: Fahmy Mohamed Abdelsabour , Almehmadi Mohammed M.
Published: April 2022

The primary goal of this article is to implement a dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) to analyze problems of rotating functionally graded anisotropic fiber-reinforced magneto-thermoelastic composites. To solve the governing equations in the half-space deformation model, an implicit–implicit scheme was utilized in conjunction with the DRBEM because of its advantages, such as dealing with more complex shapes of fiber-reinforced composites and not requiring the discretization of the internal domain. So, DRBEM has low RAM and CPU usage. As a result, it is adaptable and effective for dealing with complex fiber-reinforced composite problems. For various generalized magneto-thermoelasticity theories, transient temperature, displacements, and thermal stresses have been computed numerically. The numerical results are represented graphically to demonstrate the effects of functionally graded parameters and rotation on magnetic thermal stresses in the fiber direction. To validate the proposed method, the obtained results were compared to those obtained using the normal mode method, the finite difference method, and the finite element method. The outcomes of these three methods are extremely consistent.
A comprehensive study about low-cost and limited bandwidth FMCW bio-radar: detailed analyses on vital signs measurements
Authors: Seflek Ibrahim , Yaldiz Ercan
Published: April 2022

In this study, a bio-radar system has been constituted using a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar with low cost and limited bandwidth, taking into account of the lack of range the continuous wave (CW) radar. The displacement and vibration frequencies have been determined at a distance of 3.5–5 m for single and multiple targets via the help of the target test mechanism. Then, the detection of vital signs has been achieved with healthy human subject measurements. For a single human subject, respiration rate (RR) errors at 3.5 m and 5 m distances are 4% and 4.42%, respectively, and 13.25% and 15.16% for heartbeat rate (HR). In multiple targets measurements, although targets do not create an obstacle to each other, a slight deterioration has been observed in the signals and the error rates increase. The results show that bio-radar have a promising future to replace contact devices in medical applications.
Clinical instruction in mental health nursing: students’ perceptions of best practices
Authors: Wenzel Chris , Melrose Sherri , Lane Annette , Kent-Wilkinson Arlene
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Negative clinical educational experiences for student nurses are predictors of negative attitudes and perceptions towards mental health. In clinical education, instructors take on this important role often with little to no formal training. This study explored nursing students’ perceptions of instructional best practices in mental health clinical education.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive design was used, and 10 Canadian baccalaureate nursing (BN) students were interviewed. These students had completed a six-week practicum on an acute inpatient psychiatric unit in either their second, third or fourth year of study.

Results

Through thematic analysis, three themes were identified: (1) Students valued feeling prepared at the beginning of the clinical placement. (2) Students felt empowered when instructors encouraged self-direction. (3) Students appreciated positive role modeling by their instructors.

Conclusions

Suggestions for clinical teaching strategies are made to mitigate student stress, increase confidence, and address the influence of mental health stigma on learning.
An emerging scripta explains variation in the negative particlespasandmiein Old French
Authors: Balla-Johnson William
Published: April 2022

This study uses corpus data and analytical statistics to analyze the negative reinforcer particlespasandmiein medieval French. This paper first undertakes a survey of the chronological and geographical distribution of the particlespasandmie, and then a variation analysis of the use of these two negative reinforcer particles to better understand the use of reinforced French negation between 1100 and 1505. The historical findings, namely the loss of writtenmie, compared with the modern dialectal negation (spokenmiemaintained in the dialects of the northeastern francophone regions) suggest that the disappearance of writtenmiecorresponds with a shift in written norms during the fourteenth century rather than a change in the spoken language. Specifically, the observed written change in negative reinforcer particles is hypothesized as attributable to the fourteenth century expansion of a supra-regional scripta originating in Paris.
Genomic landscape of sporadic pediatric differentiated thyroid cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Satapathy Swayamjeet , Bal Chandrasekhar
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) in the paediatric population differ from that of their adult counterparts in terms of clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of various genetic alterations underlying the pathogenesis of sporadic paediatric DTCs.

Methods

This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Systematic searches were made on the PubMed and Embase databases using relevant keywords, and articles published until October 15, 2021 were selected. Data on the prevalence of various genetic alterations were extracted from the individual articles. Random-effects model was employed for meta-analysis to generate pooled estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results

Thirty-three articles comprising 1,380 paediatric patients were included. RET rearrangement (pooled prevalence: 24.4%, 95% CI: 19.1–30.1) was observed to be the most common genetic alteration in sporadic paediatric DTCs, closely followed by BRAF point mutation (pooled prevalence: 21.2%, 95% CI: 17.2–25.5). Other common alterations included: NTRK rearrangement (pooled prevalence: 13.5%, 95% CI: 9.5–17.9) and DICER1 mutation (pooled prevalence: 12.5%, 95% CI: 3.6–25.7). RAS and TERT mutations were observed to be relatively uncommon (pooled prevalence: 5.7%, 95% CI: 2.9–9.3, and 2.2%, 95% CI: 0.4–5.5, respectively). There was no evidence of publication bias.

Conclusions

Fusion oncogenes are noted to be the major oncogenic drivers in sporadic paediatric DTCs and underlie their unique behaviour. However, despite the relatively lower frequency of BRAF point mutation compared to adults, it remains a major player in childhood DTCs.
Maneuvering through the treacherous terrains of America’s Colleges/Schools of Education
Authors: Obi Sunday O.
Published: April 2022

Some aspiring African students prefer to travel “abroad” or overseas for example, the United States, Canada, Germany, France, and other developed countries to further their careers. This was a common practice for well-to-do families. To be more specific, some rich families in Nigeria tend to overlook higher institutions in their country. In my case, my dad inspired me, many decades ago, about travelling overseas to study. I was probably 12 years old when he hinted to me that his wish was for me to study overseas even though he did not mention any particular country. Ever since my dad indicated that desire, I accepted his wish until it came into fruition 20 years later. Specifically, in August 1979, I began my journey to the United States of America. However, while in the foreign land many African students confront multidimensional problems that range from prejudicial perceptions to illusory generalizations. For many Africans, problems include difficulty adjusting to a new cultural environment, xenophobia, misrepresentation, and miscategorization. Despite such problems, they are able to succeed and excel in their chosen professions. In this article, I discuss my experiences while maneuvering the treacherous terrain of America’s Colleges/School of Education.
N-dimensional quintic B-spline functions for solving n-dimensional partial differential equations
Authors: Raslan K. R. , Ali Khalid K. , Al-Jeaid Hind K.
Published: April 2022

In continuation to what we started from developing the B-spline functions and putting them in n-dimensional to solve mathematical models in n-dimensions, we present in this article a new structure for the quintic B-spline collocation algorithm in n-dimensional. The quintic B-spline collocation algorithm is shown in three different formats: one, two, and three dimensional. These constructs are critical for solving mathematical models in different fields. The proposed method’s efficiency and accuracy are illustrated by their application to a few two- and three-dimensional test problems. We use other numerical methods available in the literature to make comparisons.
Solution of two-dimensional fractional diffusion equation by a novel hybrid D(TQ) method
Authors: Devshali Pratiksha , Arora Geeta
Published: April 2022

This work is an experiment to solve the fractional diffusion equation in two dimensions with a novel hybrid method. The method involves an amalgamation of the well-known differential transform method and the differential quadrature method. This work is not about the superiority of one method over the other, instead this is an idea that can be worked upon for possible greatness. Numerical examples are discussed with tables and figures.
Robust synthesis of a composite phase of copper vanadium oxide with enhanced performance for durable aqueous Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Cheng Haoyan , Li Xuerong , Hu Hao , Yuan Tongtong , Zhou Shiqian , Dai Shuge , Zhang Di , Pan Kunming
Published: April 2022

Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted much interest as next-generation power sources due to their economical, safe, and capacity superiorities. However, the cathodes used in AZIBs always suffer from sluggish kinetics, inducing inadequate rate performance and poor cycle ability. Pre-intercalating transition metal element in the cathode materials offers an effective strategy for improving diffusion kinetics of Zn2+ and thus the electrochemical activity. In this work, different proportions of Cu pre-intercalated V2O5 were synthesized to form a composite phase of Cu0.4V2O5 and VO2·nH2O nanosheets through the hydrothermal method. The reversible redox reaction of Cu2+ and Cu0, accompanied by the phase changes of copper vanadate and zinc vanadate, contributes to an excellent battery performance. When the molar ratio between Cu precursor and commercial V2O5 in the reaction solution is 1:2, the obtained material presents an outstanding electrochemical performance with the initial discharge capacity of 332 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. The enlarged lattice distance together with the high conductivity leads to a high Zn ions diffusion rate of 10−5 cm2 s−1. Even after 1,000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1, the capacity attenuation is only 0.035% per cycle, exhibiting distinctive activities toward AZIBs.
Growth of Rucola on Mars soil simulant under the influence of pig slurry and earthworms
Authors: Wamelink Gerrit Willem Wieger , Schug Line , Frissel Joep Yolanda , Lubbers Ingrid
Published: April 2022

To feed humans on a future Mars settlement, a sustainable closed agricultural ecosystem is a necessity. On Mars, both the faeces of astronauts as well as any plant residues or other organic waste needs to be (re)used to fertilise the present regolith. The activity of earthworms may play a crucial role in this ecosystem as they break down and recycle the dead organic matter. The contribution of worms to Mars regolith forming is yet an unexplored territory. The first goal of our research was to investigate whether earthworms (Caligonella genus and Dendrobaena veneta) can survive in Mars soil simulant. The second goal was to investigate whether earthworm activity on Mars soil simulant can stimulate the growth of crops, in our case Rucola. The third goal was if earthworm activity can enhance the effect of pig slurry on the growth of Rucola. In a 75-day greenhouse experiment, we sowed Rucola in Mars soil simulant as well as in silver sand as an Earth control, amended with pig slurry, plant residues, and earthworms. During the experimental period, we observed worm activity. At the end of the experiment, the worms had propagated both in the Mars soil simulant and Earth control. However, we found no significant effect of worm activity on plant biomass production. This was probably due to the relative short duration of the experiment, being one life cycle of Rucola. Adding pig slurry stimulated plant growth significantly as expected, especially for the Mars soil simulant.
Present status and prospects of value addition industry for agricultural produce – A review
Authors: Al Hinai Alaa , Jayasuriya Hemantha , Pathare Pankaj B. , Al Shukaili Talal
Published: April 2022

Postharvest losses contribute to food shortages and ongoing food insecurity. Value addition in each aspect of agricultural produce creates more quality and adequate demand for the products. However, the growing market demand for quality and consistency in supply requires resources and necessary technical skills. There is a poor linkage between Research and Development institutions and the agro-value addition industry. Shortage of postharvest and value addition technical specialists and inefficient knowledge transfer from research stations to extension services are some constraints for needed outreach activities. Effective extension and training play a vital role in building capacity along the value chain by encouraging proper postharvest activities. In this article, the current postharvest value addition challenges are discussed with a specific focus on Oman. Furthermore, the strategies to be undertaken to enhance value addition processing and the need for increased institutional capacity building and technology transfer to achieve sustainability are discussed. It was recommended that targeted involvement be aimed at for better support for agricultural value addition in Oman.
Fake news during the pandemic times: A Systematic Literature Review using PRISMA
Authors: Awan Tahir Mumtaz , Aziz Mahroz , Sharif Aruba , Ch Tehreem Raza , Jasam Taha , Alvi Yusra
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this systematic literature review is to review the major studies about misinformation and fake news during COVID-19 on social media. A total of 144 articles studies were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and 20 relevant articles were selected using the PRISMA technique. It was found that altruism, instant news sharing, self-promotion, and socialization are predictors of fake news sharing. Furthermore, the human mind plays a significant role in spreading misinformation while the role of critical thinking of individuals is very much important in controlling the flow of misinformation.
The EU policy in the South Caucasus states: democracy, prosperity, security?
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ayvazyan Anna
Published: April 2022

The author examines possibilities and limits of the EU’s normative power as a part of the EU foreign policy, using the specific example of the South Caucasus region. The study touches upon theoretical understanding of norms as important components of foreign policy, spheres of normative influence and criteria for its evaluation. The author raises the question, whether the EU influences political processes in Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan through the formation of the values of democratic governance, welfare growth, and peaceful resolution of conflicts in these states. The experience of the EU is especially relevant for the region with a high conflict potential and unstable political institutions.
Cone-Driven Retinal Responses Are Shaped by Rod But Not Cone HCN1
Authors: Lankford Colten K. , Umino Yumiko , Poria Deepak , Kefalov Vladimir , Solessio Eduardo , Baker Sheila A.
Published: April 2022

Signal integration of converging neural circuits is poorly understood. One example is in the retina where the integration of rod and cone signaling is responsible for the large dynamic range of vision. The relative contribution of rods versus cones is dictated by a complex function involving background light intensity and stimulus temporal frequency. One understudied mechanism involved in coordinating rod and cone signaling onto the shared retinal circuit is the hyperpolarization activated current (Ih) mediated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 1 (HCN1) channels expressed in rods and cones.Ihopposes membrane hyperpolarization driven by activation of the phototransduction cascade and modulates the strength and kinetics of the photoreceptor voltage response. We examined conditional knock-out (KO) of HCN1 from mouse rods using electroretinography (ERG). In the absence of HCN1, rod responses are prolonged in dim light which altered the response to slow modulation of light intensity both at the level of retinal signaling and behavior. Under brighter intensities, cone-driven signaling was suppressed. To our surprise, conditional KO of HCN1 from mouse cones had no effect on cone-mediated signaling. We propose thatIhis dispensable in cones because of the high level of temporal control of cone phototransduction. Thus, HCN1 is required for cone-driven retinal signaling only indirectly by modulating the voltage response of rods to limit their output.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHyperpolarization gated hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 1 (HCN1) channels carry a feedback current that helps to reset light-activated photoreceptors. Using conditional HCN1 knock-out (KO) mice we show that ablating HCN1 from rods allows rods to signal in bright light when they are normally shut down. Instead of enhancing vision this results in suppressing cone signaling. Conversely, ablating HCN1 from cones was of no consequence. This work provides novel insights into the integration of rod and cone signaling in the retina and challenges our assumptions about the role of HCN1 in cones.
A River Again
Authors: DeGiovanni Miller Mark E.
Published: April 2022

This article details the successful campaign to decommission two hydroelectric plants and a dam on Fossil Creek in Arizona—a rare perennial stream in the Southwest. Beginning in 1991, American Rivers, the Sierra Club, and community service groups utilized the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission’s recommissioning process to force the removal of the dam and plants. They faced opposition from the plants’ owner, the historical community, and citizens concerned over the loss of a seemingly “green” source of renewable energy. This study argues that Fossil Creek was a pioneering achievement in the larger movement to remove dams in the United States. After Edwards Dam in Maine, it was only the second dam taken down to restore fish species. In Maine—and in later dam removals in Washington and Oregon—valuable salmon and other anadromous species were the focus of conservation efforts; but in Fossil Creek, the effort was unique in that it centered on helping to save several species of rare desert fishes that had little or no sport or commercial value. The Fossil Creek victory represents an important example of the complex intersection of ecological restoration and environmental politics in the late twentieth century.
Determination of The Change of Maxillary Sinus Size in Orthodontic Treatment of Different Malocclusions
Authors: YÜZBAŞIOĞLU ERTUĞRUL Betül
Published: April 2022

Background: Craniofacial growth-development has a complex and multifactorial structure. According to functional matrix theory, soft tissues change the development direction of hard tissues and affect the sinus cavities within the cranial structure. The objective of this study is to determine the change in the maxillary sinus dimensions after orthodontic treatments according to malocclusion groups.
Methods: Our study comprises 51 individuals who have met the admission criteria. Our study was carried out retrospectively. The individuals included in the study have been analyzed in terms of malocclusion groups by comparing their maxillary sinus dimensions on panoramic films.
Results: The intended base length, planar length of the maxillary sinus, and the area measurements of the maxillary sinus have been found to be different at pre-treatment and post-treatment in terms of malocclusion. In Class I, the post-treatment maxillary sinus indentation base length has decreased, and the average planar base length and the maxillary sinus area has increased, and in Class II, the post-treatment maxillary sinus indentation base length and the average planar base length has increased, the maxillary sinus area has decreased, and in Class III, The post-treatment maxillary sinus indentation base length and the average planar base length has decreased, and the maxillary sinus area has increased compared to the pre-treatment.
Conclusion: There have been changes in the sinus dimensions of Class I, II, and Class III patients who have received orthodontic treatment compared to the pre-treatment. The changes in the possible craniofacial structures before orthodontic treatments should be taken into consideration carefully, and the dental treatments to be applied should be decided after such considerations.
Is there any correlation between features of face parts and orthodontic malocclusion? Part I: Frontal view
Authors: ÖZKALAYCI Nurhat , MAYA Çağla
Published: April 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate frontal facial features of individuals and analyze their relevance to orthodontic problems.
Methods: Frontal photographs were taken and cephalometric data of 250 patient were collected. Photographs were used to evaluate facial dimensions, general symmetry, forehead, trichion anatomical landmark position, nostril visibility, nasal root breaking point, glabella position, cantus positions, eyeball symmetry, sclera visibility, nose symmetry and shape, nose widths, mouth width, lip vermillion areas and chin. Correlation between photographic data and malocclusion groups was statistically evaluated.
Results: Forehead shape, nostril visibility, mouth width and chin symmetry differences were statistically significant due to type of skeletal malocclusion. Conversely, there are significant correlations between forehead shape, nose symmetry, upper lip vermillion, and chin symmetry and dental malocclusions. Chin asymmetry is mostly seen with skeletal Class III malocclusion, while nasal asymmetry with dental Class III malocclusion. Asymmetry is mostly seen in lower third of the face. In dental Class III malocclusion patients, forehead was mostly "wide". In front view, skeletal Class I and II individuals have increased nostril visibility and Class III decreased nostril visibility.
Conclusions: The photographic analyzes add perspective to orthodontics. Skeletal class III patients are prone to asymmetries especially in lower third of the face.
REDÜKSİYONLU DİSK DİSLOKASYONUNDA ANTERİOR REPOZİSYONE PLAK TEDAVİSİ
Authors: KAYA Nurcan , SARIDAĞ Serkan
Published: April 2022

Temporomandibular eklem (TME) problemlerinin en yaygın düzensizliği redüksiyonlu disk dislokasyonudur ve toplumda oldukça yaygın görülen bir problemdir. Redüksiyonlu disk dislokasyonunda varolan eklem sesleri ve ağrı semptomu rutin olarak kullanılan stabilizasyon plaklarıyla beraber okluzal temasların uyumlanması ve dikey boyutun arttırılmasıyla ortadan kaldırılamayabilir. Semptomların giderilemediği bu durumlarda anterior repozisyone plak (ARP)’lar kullanılabilmektedir. TME’deki ağrının azaldığı ve eklem seslerinin gelmediği nokta tespit edilerek mandibula minimum protrüzyonda konumlandırılır. Bu sayede ARP’ler retrodiskal yapılar üzerine gelen kuvveti azaltarak ağrı semptomumun giderilmesine ve bu dokuların rejenerasyonuna imkan tanımaktadır. Aynı zamanda kondilin diski yakalaması sağlanarak yeni ve daha stabil bir kondil-disk ilişkisi oluşturulabilmektedir. Ancak kondil adapte olmuş retrodiskal yapıların üzerinde işlev gördüğü için asemptomatik eklem sesleri devam etmektedir. ARP tedavisi sonucunda eklem sesleri tamamen ortadan kalkmasa bile eklem seslerinin azaldığı görülmüştür. Bu derlemede amaç redüksiyonlu disk dislokasyonunda ARP’nin eklem sesleri ve ağrı semptomunun ortadan kaldırılmasındaki etkilerinin ve kullanım süresinin yapılan önceki çalışmalar ışığında ortaya konmasındır.
Covid-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Diş Çekim Endikasyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AYRANCI Ferhat , TORUL Damla , AKPINAR Hasan
Published: April 2022

AMAÇ 2019 yılı sonlarında Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Wuhan eyaletinde diş hekimliği uygulamalarını da önemli ölçüde etkileyen pnömoni salgını görülmüştür. Salgının 2020 yılında hızla küresel ölçekte yayılmasıyla beraber Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından pandemi ilan edilmiştir. Sağlık hizmetine ihtiyacın arttığı pandemi döneminde, sağlık merkezleri bulaş riskine açık yerler haline geldiğinden elektif işlemler ertelenmiş, sağlık merkezleri pandemi koşullarına uygun şekilde çalışmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle diş hekimliği; aerosol oluşumu ve yakın temas nedeniyle yüksek bulaş riskiyle karşı karşıya olan meslek grubu olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı pandemi dönemindeki diş çekim endikasyonlarını 2019’un aynı dönemindeki diş çekim endikasyonları ile karşılaştırarak pandemi koşullarının diş hekimliğine etkisini araştırmaktır. GEREÇ-YÖNTEMLER Çalışmamıza 15 Mart 2019 – 15 Haziran 2019 ile 15 Mart 2020 – 15 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında Ordu Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ağız Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi kliniğinde diş çekimi yapılan hastalar dahil edilmiştir. 3 aylık dönemdeki hasta sayısı, cinsiyet, yaş verileri istatiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan diş çekimlerinin sebepleri sınıflandırılarak aylık ortalamalar hesaplanmıştır. Diş çekim endikasyonları; kron çürüğü, kök çürüğü, kök, endodontik başarısızlık, restoratif başarısızlık, periodontal kayıp, lokal patoloji ve travma olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. BULGULAR Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 40.59 ± 17.56 olan 1114 (511 kadın, 603 erkek) hastanın radyografik ve klinik verileri dahil edilmiştir. Pandemi öncesi ve pandemi dönemi karşılaştırıldığında çekim sayısı (p <0.001) ve yaş (p = 0.041) açısından önemli farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Cinsiyet açısından da pandemi öncesi ve pandemi dönemi arasında anlamlı farklılık gözlenmiştir (p = 0.045) (Şekil 3). SONUÇ Pandemi nedeniyle aerosollü işlemler sınırlı sayıda yapılabildiğinden kronik sorunlar ertelenmekte, diş çekim kararları daha radikal şekilde verilmektedir.
Farklı Ağız İçi Tamir Sistemlerinin Ni-Cr Alt Yapılara Bağlanma Dayanımının İncelenmesi
Authors: AL-HMADİ Sirageddin , EROL Funda , ÇELİK GÜVEN Melahat
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Protetik dişhekimliği uygulamalarında en sık karşılaşılan komplikasyonlardan biri porselen kırıklarıdır. Çalışmamızın amacı; farklı ağız içi tamir sistemlerinin nikel-krom alt yapı tamirindeki bağlanma dayanımlarını incelemek ve meydana gelebilecek kırılma tiplerini belirlemektir.

Yöntem ve Gereçler: Çalışmada kullanılması için; 10 mm çapta 3 mm kalınlığında 50 adet nikel-krom disk şeklinde örnek oluşturulmuştur. Örnekler kullanılacak tamir sistemlerine göre 5 alt gruba ayrılmıştır. 1. Clearfil tamir sistemi, 2. Bisco tamir sistemi, 3. Ultradent tamir sistemi, 4. Ivoclar tamir sistemi ve 5. Single Bond. Örnekler 24 saat boyunca 37 ° C distile suda bekletilmiş ve ardından 1200 termal siklus uygulanmıştır. Makaslama bağlanma dayanım değerleri ölçümleri Instron cihazında yapılmıştır. Grupların karşılaştırılmasında istatiksel analizler yapılmıştır. Örneklerde meydana gelen ayrılmalar belirlenmiştir.

Bulgular: En yüksek makaslama bağlanma dayanımı değeri NB grubunda (20,93) MPa belirlenirken en düşük değer ise; NU grubunda (8,17 MPa) belirlenmiştir. Uygulanan tamir sistemleri makaslama bağlanma dayanım değerleri açısından karşılaştırıldığında; en düşük makaslama bağlanma dayanım değeri NU örneklerinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Meydana gelen ayrılma tipleri incelendiğinde Ivoclar, Clearfil ve Bisco tamir sistemlerine ait bütün örneklerin ayrılma tipleri adeziv yada adeziv ve kohezivin aynı anda belirlendiği miks ayrılmalardır. Single bond ve Ultradent tamir sistemlerinde ise sadece adheziv tip ayrılma saptanmıştır.

Tartışma ve Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sınırlamaları dahilinde; makaslama bağlanma dayanımı açısından tamir sistemleri metal alt yapıların tamirinde oldukça başarılı sonuçlar vermektedir. Tamir sistemlerinde meydana gelen ayrılmaların daha yüksek oranda adeziv ayrılmalar olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar kelimeler: Tamir sistemleri, metal alt yapılar, makaslama bağlanma dayanımı.
İmplant Tedavisi Gören Hastalarda Ağız Sağlığı Etki Profili ile Hasta Memnuniyeti ve Bilgi Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi: 13 yıllık Retrospektif Çalışma
Authors: ÖZGÜR Engin , ALPTEKİN Nilgün , ÇIRAKOĞLU Okan Cem
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı implant tedavisi gören hastalarda memnuniyet ve dental implant tedavisine yönelik bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi ve Ağız Sağlığı Etki Profili (OHIP-14) ile Hasta Memnuniyet ve Bilgi Ölçeklerinin kıyaslanmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: İmplant tedavileri 2008 – 2018 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilmiş hastaların klinik ve radyografik değerlendirmeleri yapılmış ve hastalara implant tedavisine yönelik memnuniyetlerini ve tedaviyle ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin ölçüldüğü anketlerle birlikte OHIP-14'ü doldurmaları istenmiştir. Anketlerden elde edilen veriler arasındaki korelasyon düzeyleri değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Bu retrospektif çalışmada, 128 hastada toplam 435 implantın klinik ve radyografik analizi yapılmıştır. İmplantların % 57.24’ü peri-implant sağlık, % 25.74’ü peri-implant mukositis ve % 17.01’i peri-implantitistir. Hastaların tedaviye yönelik memnuniyet skorları yüksektir. Hastaların % 81.2’si gerekirse tekrar implant tedavisine başvuracağını bildirmiştir. Hastaların % 88.9’u tedavinin beklentilerini karşıladığını belirtmiştir. Diğer taraftan implant sayısı arttıkça OHIP-14 skorunun da artış eğiliminde olduğu gözlenmiştir. OHIP-14 skoru ile memnuniyet arasında negatif, bilgi düzeyi arasında pozitif korelasyon tespit edilmiştir. Yaşla birlikte sistemik hastalıklar ve peri-implant hastalıkların görülme sıklığı da artış göstermektedir.
Sonuç: Çalışmaya katılan hastaların büyük bölümü tedaviden yüksek memnuniyet göstermesinin yanında bu memnuniyetin OHIP-14 skorlarının arttığı durumda düştüğü gözlenmiştir. Bunun tersine OHIP-14 skoru arttıkça tedaviye dair bilgi düzeyi de artmıştır. Dental implantlardan duyulan yüksek memnuniyete rağmen bir sorunla karşılaşıldığında oluşabilecek hayal kırıklığını ortadan kaldırmak için tedavinin başında hastaların tedaviyle ilgili bilgilendirilmesinin önemli olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Prevalence of Mandibular Second Premolar Agenesis in Individuals and Associated Factors: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: ÜSTÜN Nilüfer , ÖZÜKOÇ Can
Published: April 2022

Background: The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence and patterns of mandibular second premolar agenesis in individuals by meta-analysis methodology.Methods: Two investigators conducted a literature search independently by inclusion criteria to reveal articles on mandibular second premolar agenesis. PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline, Web of Science Core Collection databases were scanned and a total of 3,988 studies were initially extracted from all databases, then 12 articles were selected which met inclusion and exclusion criteria for the meta-analysis.Results: The estimated overall prevalence of mandibular second premolar in individuals was 3.26 %. No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence of mandibular second premolar agenesis by gender [95 % Cl: 1.18 (0.96, 1.45); p>0.05]. Males were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of unilateral mandibular second premolar agenesis than females (combined OR 0.69; 95 % CI: 0.38-1.25; p<0.05). However, females had a significantly higher prevalence of bilateral mandibular second premolar agenesis than males (combined OR 1.57; 95 % Cl: 0.91-2.72; p<0.05). No difference was found in the prevalence of mandibular second premolar agenesis between the right and left mandibular region [95 % Cl: 1.04 (0.91-1.20); p>0.05].Conclusion: This study supports some previous findings regarding mandibular second premolar agenesis and presents new observations on gender differences, inter-maxillary patterns of mandibular second premolar agenesis in the mandible—including unilateral and/or bilateral occurrence and jaw site.
PARTIAL PULPOTOMY TREATMENT IN YOUNG PERMANENT TEETH
Authors: TOZAR Kamile Nur , ERKMEN ALMAZ Merve
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Partial pulpotomy is a treatment method used to reach healthy pulp tissue by removal of the inflamed pulp tissue in 1-3 mm depth from the caries exposed teeth. Pulpal bleeding should be controlled using bactericidal agents, such as sodium hypochlorite or chlorhexidine, and then the pulp tissue should be covered with a biocompatible material, such as MTA. MTA should be placed on the exposed area and the surrounding dentate with a thickness of at least 1.5 mm and resin modified glass ionomer cement should be applied on it. The tooth must be restored permanently.
The remaining pulp tissue after partial pulpotomy should be vital and no adverse signs or symptoms, such as swelling, pain, or tenderness, should be observed after treatment. Radiographically, internal or external root resorption, periapical radiolucency, abnormal calcification, or other pathological changes should not be observed, root development in immature teeth should continue, and the apex should be closed.
Yer Tutucular İle İlgili Türkçe YouTubeTM Videoları Ne Düzeyde Yararlı?
Authors: SEZER Berkant
Published: April 2022

Amaç: YouTubeTM video paylaşım platformu, bireylerin sağlıkla ilgili bilgilere erişmek için kullandıkları birincil kaynaklardan biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı YouTubeTM’da Türkçe olarak bulunan ‘yer tutucu’ konulu videoların içeriklerinin değerlendirilmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: YouTubeTM’da ‘yer tutucu’ sözcük çifti ile Türkçe olarak arama yapılarak erişilen ilk 140 video uzman bir çocuk diş hekimi tarafından değerlendirildi. Video süresi, görüntülenme, beğenme ve beğenmeme sayıları ve yüklenme kaynakları kaydedildi. Videoların içeriği Amerikan Çocuk Dişhekimliği Akademisi’nin belirlediği kriterlere göre değerlendirildi. Yarar düzeyine göre gruplar arasındaki ortalama farklar normal dağılım gösteren veriler için bağımsız örneklem t-testi, normal dağılım göstermeyen veriler için Mann-Whitney U testi; video yükleme kaynakları ile video içerik parametrelerini değerlendirmek için ise Fisher-Exact testi ile ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır. Video özellikleri ile skorları arasındaki ilişki Spearman Korelasyon Analizi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: 140 videonun 25’i (%17.9) değerlendirme kriterlerine uygun bulunaran analiz edilmiştir. Ortalama video süresi 215.16±409.5 saniye, video görüntülenme sayısı 13834.52±37821.35, beğenme sayısı 54.08±137.54, beğenmeme sayısı 5.36±18.37 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 9 (%36) videonun az yararlı, 16 (%64) videonun ise orta düzeyde yararlı olduğu görülmüştür. Ortalama skor 3.88±1.39 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Toplam video skoru ile video özellikleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı gözlenmiştir (p>0.05).
Sonuç: YouTubeTM video paylaşım platformunda ‘yer tutucu’ ile ilgili Türkçe videoların sayısının oldukça az, mevcut içeriklerin ise yetersiz olduğu görülmüştür. Yer tutucular ile ilgili olarak kullanıcıları doğru ve eksiksiz bilgilendirmek amacıyla daha fazla sayıda ve daha kapsamlı video içeriklerinin üretilmesi gerekmektedir.