bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Audit of methods used to contact the duty doctor - Abraham Cowley Unit
Authors: Shanley Ivan , Thomas Jessica
Published: June 2021

Aims

The aim of this audit was to determine whether the duty doctor of a 4 ward inpatient psychiatric unit is contacted safely, effectively and in a manner that can be monitored. This is in line with trust protocol and the method stated is via switchboard. Should a deficit be found it was the aim to make an appropriate intervention.

Background

In the Abraham Cowley Unit, there is a Senior House Officer ‘on-call’ duty doctor 24/7. The shifts are 2 x 12.5 hours daily and at all times the duty doctor should be contacted via switchboard. Contacting via switchboard is important to ensure there is an audit trail of calls made. Issues that arise from using other methods of contact, e.g. calling direct extensions, include miscommunication and the doctor not being reached in a timely manner. This had been identified as an issue anecdotally by junior doctors on call and also highlighted following an untoward incident.

Method

The method by which the on call doctor was contacted was recorded in Excel for 5 consecutive 12.5 hour shifts in October 2019. The standard set for calls via switchboard was 80%. Following the initial results and the subsequent intervention, a repeat audit was performed using the same method.

Result

Initial Outcome

Initially it was found that only 25% of calls received where through the appropriate channel (5 out of 20 calls). This fell far below the 80% standard and an intervention was therefore devised.

Intervention

In order to ensure that all ward staff were aware of the trust policy posters were created and placed above all ward telephones and the telephone in the assessment suite office. This information was also handed over to the nurses in charge directly in order for it to be filtered through to other staff during handover.

Post Intervention Outcome

Following the intervention 88% of calls received where through the appropriate channels (7 out of 8 calls) and the 80% standard was achieved.

Conclusion

There has been a demonstrable improvement in the adherence to trust policy when contacting the duty doctor, with the percentage of calls made through the appropriate channel rising from 25% to 88%. This has now met the agreed standard of 80% and will improve the trust's ability to monitor contact of the duty doctor effectively.
Audit of appropriate consideration of anti-craving medication following alcohol detoxification in a north east addictions service
Authors: Thorne Joseph , Quarshie Sophie
Published: June 2021

Aims

NICE guidelines recommend that all patients who undergo a successful alcohol detoxification programme should be considered for treatment with acamprosate or oral naltrexone. This audit studied the proportion of patients considered for acamprosate or naltrexone treatment in a North-East Addictions Service.

Primary aim

To explore whether naltrexone/acamprosate had been considered for each patient completing alcohol detoxification.

Secondary aims

what proportion of those offered agreed to be prescribed acamprosate/naltrexone

whether these patients were being adequately followed up in terms of prescription

Background

There is a significant evidence base for both naltrexone and acamprosate in the maintenance of abstinence in patients with alcohol addiction. NICE recommends the consideration of both medications for patients following successful alcohol detoxification from alcohol. The addictions service at Plummer Court in Newcastle upon Tyne has a comprehensive pathway for alcohol detoxification patients, which involves multiple reviews by keyworkers and medics. The attendance at these appointments is often poor, and it is often unclear whether these patients have been offered anti-craving medication.

Method

A list of patients referred for inpatient or outpatient alcohol detoxification between June to August 2018 (n = 23) was curated. The progress notes were reviewed for any evidence that there had been clinical consideration of acamprosate/naltrexone. If evidence was found that the discussion had taken place, the notes were further scrutinised to assess if the client had accepted a prescription. The clinical documentation was further reviewed to see if follow-up for anti-craving medication was in place.

Result

There was evidence that anti-craving medication had been considered in 47% of patients during the treatment process

In all but one case, acamprosate was offered rather than naltrexone

In cases where medication was offered, it was accepted in all but one case

Anti-craving medication was universally well tolerated

There was considerable difficulty with assessing who was following up the prescription. On scrutiny of the notes, several GPs had contacted addictions services stating that they would not prescribe acamprosate because of local policy prohibiting its prescription from Primary Care (this policy is in fact no longer current)

Conclusion

Practice changed to offer patients monthly follow-up with addictions services for six months

Template letter sent out to GPs with discharge from addictions requesting acamprosate prescription, outlining current policy and offering support if GPs not comfortable

Audit presented to medical team. Treatment pathway amended to specify medical team's role in offering anti-craving medication at initial appointment

Re-audit in six months
ELPS helps!
Authors: Valaiyapathi Rajalakshmi , Marjanovic-Deverill Ksenia , Smith Kezia
Published: June 2021

Aims

This study aimed to identify whether contact with the Ealing Liaison Psychiatry Service (ELPS) improved patients’ mental health using the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale, and to understand the utility of this tool.

Background

CGI is a frequently used outcome measure in psychiatry and also forms part of the RCPsych Framework for Outcome Measures in Liaison Psychiatry (FROM-LP) across the NHS's LP Services. However, there is minimal literature discussing the meaning of the quantitative results of the questionnaire. What would be a cut-off point associated with the provision of good care? It is not possible to draw conclusions about the quality of service and care based on the proportion of the patients who report an improvement on CGI in the absence of a gold standard.

Method

Patients and their ELPS clinicians filled out a CGI questionnaire, rating the patient's mental health condition after contact with the clinician. The 1-7 rated CGI scale indicated the following: 1-3 signified varying degrees of improvement, 4 signified no change and 5-7 signified varying degrees of feeling worse. This study looked at all 205 patients with completed CGI questionnaires who had more than one face-to-face contact with a clinician in 2018 and 2019.

Patient and clinician ratings were compared for concordance and patient notes were reviewed to identify potential reasons for patients with low CGI scores.

Randomised sampling of patients who scored 1 ‘Very much improved’, 2 ‘Much improved’ and 3 ‘Minimally improved’ was conducted to identify differences in number of face-to-face contacts between the groups.

Result

59% of patients reported an improvement, 40% felt that there was no change and 1% (3 patients) indicated feeling worse. Of the latter, 2 patients had been admitted to a mental health unit.

91% of cases showed concordance between patient and clinician ratings.

Randomised sampling identified 9 patients scoring ‘1’, 22 patients scoring ‘2’ and 16 patients scoring ‘3’. The vast majority of patients had only two contacts with ELPS (77%).

Conclusion

ELPS intervention improves patients’ self-reported wellbeing in 59% of patients according to CGI.

There was no correlation between number of face-to-face contacts and the degree to which patients felt better. However, in the absence of a nationally-recognised gold standard, it is not possible to draw conclusions about whether care provided by ELPS is good compared to other services. Data from other centres are required to elucidate what constitutes a gold standard to aspire towards.
Self-Knowledge Requirements and Moore's Paradox
Authors: Barnett David James
Published: June 2021

Is self-knowledge a requirement of rationality, like consistency, or means-ends coherence? Many claim so, citing the evident impropriety of asserting, and the alleged irrationality of believing, Moore-paradoxical propositions of the form < p, but I don't believe that p>. If there were nothing irrational about failing to know one's own beliefs, they claim, then there would be nothing irrational about Moore-paradoxical assertions or beliefs. This article considers a few ways the data surrounding Moore's paradox might be marshaled to support rational requirements to know one's beliefs, and finds that none succeed.
Extensions of Perron-Frobenius Theory
Authors: Σάισι Τάνιπον
Published: June 2021

Από το 1907, ο Oskar Perron απέδειξε ένα θεώρημα για θετικούς πίνακες, το οποίο επεκτάθηκε από τον Georg Frobenius το 1912 για μη αναγώγιμους μη αρνητικούς πίνακες. Στη συνέχεια αναπτύχθηκε η γνωστή θεωρία Perron-Frobenius για μη αρνητικούς πίνακες. ́Ενας Mv-πίνακας γράφεται στην μορφή A=sI−B, όπου 0≤ρ(B)≤s και B είναι τελικά μη αρνητικός πίνακας. Ενας GM-πίνακας γράφεται στην μορφή A=sI−B, όπου οι B και B^T έχουν την ιδιότητα Perron-Frobenius (Perron-Frobenius property). Αυτές οι κλάσεις πινάκων είναι επεκτάσεις των γνωστών M-πινάκων. Στην διδακτορική διατριβή, διατυπώνουμε αρχικά τους ορισμούς και τα θεωρήματα που χρειάζονται για να γίνει κατανοητή η Θεωρία Perron-Frobenius σε σχέση και με τις επεκτάσεις των M-πινάκων. Στην συνέχεια, στο κεφάλαιο 2, μελετούμε τους Mv-πίνακες σε σχέση με τη Θεωρία Perron-Frobenius. Ειδικότερα, δίνουμε και αποδεικνύουμε ικανές και αναγκαίες συνθήκες τέτοιες ώστε ένας Mv-πίνακας να έχει θετικό αριστερό και δεξιό ιδιοδιάνυσμα που αντιστοιχεί στην απόλυτα μικρότερη πραγματική ιδιοτιμή, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη ότι (index_0 B)≤1 ή όχι. Επιπλέον, μελετώνται ανάλογες συνθήκες για τελικά μη αρνητικούς πίνακες ή Mv-πίνακες ώστε όλα τα υπόλοιπα ιδιοδιανύσματα ή γενικευμένα ιδιοδιανύσματα, εκτός από το ιδιοδιάνυσμα Perron, να μην είναι μη αρνητικά. Στη συνέχεια, παρουσιάζονται ισοδύναμες ιδιότητες τελικά εκθετικά μη αρνητικών πινάκων και Mv-πινάκων. Στο κεφάλαιο 3, μελετούμε ιδιότητες για Mv- και GM-πίνακες σε σχέση με το συμπλήρωμα Schur. Συγκεκριμένα, μελετούμε ικανές και αναγκαίες συνθήκες ώστε το συμπλήρωμα Schur διαφόρων τύπων Mv-πινάκων, να έχουν την Mv-ιδιότητα. Επίσης, μελετούμε το συμπλήρωμα Schur για διαταραγμένους Mv-πίνακες. Στη συνέχεια, αποδεικνύουμε την Mv-ιδιότητα του συμπληρώματος Schur οποιουδήποτε πίνακα, όταν ο υποπίνακας A22 είναι Mv-πίνακας. Μελετούμε επίσης ανάλογες συνθήκες για το συμπλήρωμα Schur των GM-πινάκων ώστε να έχουν την GM-ιδιότητα. Στο κεφαλαίο 4, παρουσιάζουμε εφαρμογές των επεκτάσεων της θεωρίας Perron-Frobenius σε άλλες επιστήμες, όπως η Θεωρία Δικτύου, η Βιολογία, η Οικονομία κ.λ.π. Στα κεφάλαια 2 και 3, παρουσιάζονται πολλά αριθμητικά παραδείγματα που υποστηρίζουν και επιβεβαιώνουν τα θεωρητικά αποτελέσματα.
Semiospherical understanding: Textuality
Authors: Torop Peeter
Published: June 2021

The semiospherical approach to semiotics and especially to semiotics of culture entails the need of juxtaposing several terminological fields. Among the most important, the fields of textuality, chronotopicality, and multimodality or multimediality should be listed. Textuality in this paper denotes a general principle with the help of which it is possible to observe and to interpret different aspects of the workings of culture. Textuality combines in itself text as a well-defined artefact and textualization as an abstraction (presentation or definition as text). In culture, we can pose in principle the same questions both to a concrete and to an abstract text, although an abstract text is only an operational means for defining, with the help of textualization, a certain phenomenon in the interests of a holistic and systemic analysis. The practice of textualization in turn helps us to understand the necessity of distinguishing between articulation emerging from the textual material itself and articulation ensuing from textuality or textualization — the former provides for comparability between texts made from the same material, the latter makes comparable all textualized phenomena irrespective of their material. Textuality is a possibility that culture offers to its analyser, and at the same time it is an ontological property of culture and an epistemological principle for investigating culture.
Translation and semiotics
Authors: Torop Peeter
Published: June 2021

Translation and semiotics
FÉLIX JOSÉ WEIL: UN LATINOAMERICANO EN LA FUNDACIÓN DE LA ESCUELA DE FRANKFURT
Authors: Corona Omar García
Published: June 2021

La primera Escuela de Frankfurt es conocida como una de las más importantes expresiones del marxismo occidental desarrollada en Europa y los Estados Unidos a lo largo el siglo XX. Autores como Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer o Herbert Marcuse son conocidos por sus investigaciones sociales y su crítica a la modernidad. No obstante, la pregunta clave en este ensayo es la siguiente: ¿Qué relación guarda América Latina con aquella primera generación de jóvenes intelectuales interesada en abrir un instituto para la investigación social? O más específicamente ¿Qué relación guarda América Latina con la primera Escuela de Frankfurt? Descubrimos en la figura de Félix José Weil, nacido en Argentina, un pensador de formación marxista de amplios alcances que jugaría un papel central para la formación, en sentido teórico y económico, de la afamada Escuela; personaje, sin embargo, marginado y casi desconocido en los estudios de la filosofía crítica.
Asymmetric support technology for gob side entry retaining with high water material
Authors: Shan Qiyuan
Published: June 2021

The gob side entry retaining with high water material is often used in coal mines. To study the stress evolution characteristics of surrounding rock and asymmetric support control technology of gob side entry retaining with high water material, the evolution law of stress and deformation of surrounding rock in gob side entry retaining during working face mining is studied by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement. According to the stress variation of overlying strata during the mining process of the working face, the mechanical models before and after the basic roof fracture were established respectively. The stress and deformation of the filling body and the roof on the side of the filling body are larger, and the stress and deformation of the solid coal and the roof on the side of solid coal are smaller. The maximum stress is at 3 m away from the roadway. The first weighting step distance is 40 m and the periodic weighting step distance is 30 m. Based on the stress and deformation characteristics of the roadway surrounding, the roadway surrounding support is divided into filling bodyside, solid coal side, and middle part of roadway roof. The asymmetric support technology of "filling body+ double row hydraulic prop+ I-beam+ high-strength pretension anchor cable+ high-strength bolt" is proposed. The field engineering practice shows that the surrounding rock control effect of asymmetric support technology with high water material is good.
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein sequence variations in ASEAN countries
Authors: Negara Mochammad Rajasa Mukti , Krissanti Ita , Pradini Gita Widya
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Nucleocapsid (N) protein is one of four structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2  which is known to be more conserved than spike protein and is highly immunogenic. This study aimed to analyze the variation of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein sequences in ASEAN countries, including Indonesia. METHODS Complete sequences of SARS-CoV-2 N protein from each ASEAN country were obtained from Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID), while the reference sequence was obtained from GenBank. All sequences collected from December 2019 to March 2021 were grouped to the clade according to GISAID, and two representative isolates were chosen from each clade for the analysis. The sequences were aligned by MUSCLE, and phylogenetic trees were built using MEGA-X software based on the nucleotide and translated AA sequences. RESULTS 98 isolates of complete N protein genes from ASEAN countries were analyzed. The nucleotides of all isolates were 97.5% conserved. Of 31 nucleotide changes, 22 led to amino acid (AA) substitutions; thus, the AA sequences were 94.5% conserved. The phylogenetic tree of nucleotide and AA sequences shows similar branches. Nucleotide variations in clade O (C28311T); clade GR (28881–28883 GGG>AAC); and clade GRY (28881–28883 GGG>AAC and C28977T) lead to specific branches corresponding to the clade within both trees. CONCLUSIONS The N protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 across ASEAN countries are highly conserved. Most isolates were closely related to the reference sequence originating from China, except the isolates representing clade O, GR, and GRY which formed specific branches in the phylogenetic tree.
EEG in game user analysis: A framework for expertise classification during gameplay
Authors: Hafeez Tehmina , Umar Saeed Sanay Muhammad , Arsalan Aamir , Anwar Syed Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad Usman , Alsubhi Khalid
Published: June 2021

Video games have become a ubiquitous part of demographically diverse cultures. Numerous studies have focused on analyzing the cognitive aspects involved in game playing that could help in providing an optimal gaming experience by improving video game design. To this end, we present a framework for classifying the game player’s expertise level using wearable electroencephalography (EEG) headset. We hypothesize that expert and novice players’ brain activity is different, which can be classified using frequency domain features extracted from EEG signals of the game player. A systematic channel reduction approach is presented using a correlation-based attribute evaluation method. This approach lead us in identifying two significant EEG channels, i.e., AF3 and P7, among fourteen channels available in Emotiv EPOC headset. In particular, features extracted from these two EEG channels contributed the most to the video game player’s expertise level classification. This finding is validated by performing statistical analysis (t-test) over the extracted features. Moreover, among multiple classifiers used, K-nearest neighbor is the best classifier in classifying game player’s expertise level with a classification accuracy of up to 98.04% (without data balancing) and 98.33% (with data balancing).
Occupational exposure to blood/body fluid splash and its predictors among midwives working in public health institutions at Addis Ababa city Ethiopia, 2020. Institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Shitu Solomon , Adugna Getachew , Abebe Haimanot
Published: June 2021

Background

Blood/body fluid splash are hazards to health care professionals in their working area. Around twenty bloodborne pathogens are known to be transmitted through these occupational injuries. This problem alters the health status of health care professionals in different ways, including physically, mentally, and psychologically. Even though health professionals especially midwives who are working in delivery rooms are highly affected, little is known about the exposure. So, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of exposure to blood/body fluid splash and its predictors among midwives working in public health institutions of Addis Ababa city.

Methods

Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 438 study participants in public health institutions in Addis Ababa. Data was collected from March 1–20, 2020 by a self-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. All variables with P<0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in a final model and statistical significance was declared at P< 0.05.

Results

In this study, a total of 424 respondents respond yielding a response rate of 97%. The prevalence of blood and body fluid splashes (BBFs) was 198 (46.7%). Not training on infection prevention, working in two shifts (> 12 hours), not regularly apply universal precautions, job-related stress, an average monthly salary of 5001–8000 were independent predictors of blood and body fluid splashes.

Conclusion

The study revealed that nearly half of midwives were exposed to BBFS. This highlights the need for key stakeholders such as policymakers and service providers to design appropriate policies to avert this magnitude and making the environment enabling to comply with standard precautions. We recommend that this study may be done by including rural setting institutions and by including other health professionals that are susceptible to BBFS at work. Formal training on infection prevention and safety practice to apply universal precautions will be needed from the concerned bodies to prevent exposures to blood/body fluid splash.
Inter-hospital transfer of polytrauma and severe traumatic brain injury patients: Retrospective nationwide cohort study using data from the Swiss Trauma Register
Authors: Hasler Rebecca M. , Rauer Thomas , Pape Hans-Christoph , Zwahlen Marcel
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Polytrauma and traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients are among the most vulnerable patients in trauma care and exhibit increased morbidity and mortality. Timely care is essential for their outcome. Severe TBI with initially high scores on the Glasgow Coma (GCS) scores is difficult to recognise on scene and referral to a Major Trauma Center (MTC) might be delayed. Therefore, we examined current referral practice, injury patterns and mortality in these patients.

Materials and methods

Retrospective, nationwide cohort study with Swiss Trauma Register (STR) data between 01/012015 and 31/12/2018. STR includes patients ≥16 years with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) >15 and/or an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) for head >2. We performed Cox proportional hazard models with injury type as the primary outcome and mortality as the dependent variable. Secondary outcomes were inter-hospital transfer and age.

Results

9,595 patients were included. Mortality was 12%. 2,800 patients suffered from isolated TBI. 69% were men. Median age was 61 years and median ISS 21. Two thirds of TBI patients had a GCS of 13–15 on admission to the Emergency Department (ED). 26% of patients were secondarily transferred to an MTC. Patients with isolated TBI and those aged ≥65 years were transferred more often. Crude analysis showed a significantly elevated hazard for death of 1.48 (95%CI 1.28–1.70) for polytrauma patients with severe TBI and a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.82 (95%CI 1.58–2.09) for isolated severe TBI, compared to polytrauma patients without TBI. Patients directly admitted to the MTC had a significantly elevated HR for death of 1.63 (95%CI 1.40–1.89), compared to those with secondary transfer.

Conclusions

A high initial GCS does not exclude the presence of severe TBI and triage to an MTC should be seriously considered for elderly TBI patients.
Virtual nature, inner forest: Prospects for immersive virtual nature art and well-being
Authors: Williams Jessica Laraine , Langley Susannah , Borda Ann
Published: June 2021

Over a number of decades, studies have revealed compelling relationships between experiences of the natural environment and positive health outcomes in adult communities. These psychosocial health benefits have typically been described via key theoretical frameworks in the health sciences, such as the biophilia hypothesis. Despite the body of evidence for nature design and well-being, propositions for immersive virtual nature experiences are still emerging across the fields of creativity and health. In this article, we identify the potential for immersive virtual nature art as a creative well-being intervention, articulated through a discussion of background literature and concepts leading to the development of our artwork, Inner Forest (2020–21). This article incorporates a transdisciplinary suite of perspectives across three key parts; in the first section, we review key health and design research around beneficial nature experiences, with particular emphasis on designing technological nature. Secondly, we propose considerations for immersive virtual nature experiences, as distinct from prior iterations of technological nature; these considerations are framed through discussion of our artistic and well-being rationale for designing the collaborative artwork Inner Forest. This extended reality (XR) project was developed in response to well-being challenges such as social isolation and restricted nature access- of particular valence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The artwork incorporates multisensory, aesthetic elements drawn from biophilic design guidelineswhich support creative, evidence-based approaches to designed nature and societal health. To conclude this article, we report on prospects for further scaling of the Inner Forest artwork, with ongoing scope to contribute to both nature-health design and immersive virtual nature art practices.
Evoke, don’t show: Narration in cinematic virtual reality and the making of Entangled
Authors: Weaving Simon
Published: June 2021

Over the past three years, cinematic virtual reality (CVR) has emerged as a form of media storytelling that takes advantage of the immersive properties of VR technology. However, as a practice it poses a number of challenges for the writer–director used to controlling the frame through which the viewer experiences the narrative. This research outlines the making of Entangled (a live-action, stereoscopic, VR experience incorporating ambisonic audio) and reflects on concept development and production decision-making with reference to the emerging body of academic knowledge about cinematic VR, in particular ideas about the position of the viewer and the nature of narration. The research addresses some of the gaps in knowledge in these areas, reconciling theoretical positions with a deep understanding of the realities of production processes.
ABC-Diário de Angola – um baluarte da oposição possível na imprensa colonial portuguesa dos anos 1960
Authors: Rocha João Manuel
Published: June 2021

Em vésperas da guerra colonial, em Luanda, o ABC-Diário de Angola explorava o distanciamento possível face ao regime de Salazar e à sua política ultramarina. Com uma abordagem inspirada em análise de conteúdo e de discurso de noticiário cruzada com pesquisa em arquivo, neste artigo identificam-se opções editoriais e propõe-se uma caraterização de um diário que chegou a ser visto no Ministério do Ultramar como uma «perigosa 5ª coluna». Reflete-se também sobre a singularidade que o jornal conseguiu ter no quadro do regime autoritário do Estado Novo. Sem o seu fundador, Machado Saldanha, o jornal evoluiria no final da década de 1960 para um alinhamento com as autoridades, tornando-se um arauto do marcelismo.
Bibliografia de António Sérgio: actualização (1983-2020)
Authors: Matos A. Campos
Published: June 2021

Trata-se de uma nova versão da "Bibliografia de António Sérgio" publicada na Revista da História das Ideias, nº5, 1983, agora actualizada para o período que vai de 1983 a 2020. Entre muitas outras novidades, incluem-se agora numerosas fontes para o estudo do pensamento e acção do ensaísta (ou sobre a obra dele), dispersas por vários arquivos e bibliotecas:  ANTT, Arquivo da Marinha,  CASES-Cooperativa António Sérgio para a Economia Social  e Fundação Mário Soares; e o inventário de  dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutoramento que lhe foram dedicadas.
Writing History under the «Dictatorship of the Proletariat»: Yugoslav Historiography 1945–1991
Authors: Antolović Michael
Published: June 2021

This paper analyzes the development of the historiography in the former socialist Yugoslavia (1945–1991). Starting with the revolutionary changes after the Second World War and the establishment of the «dictatorship of the proletariat», the paper considers the ideological surveillance imposed on historiography entailing its reconceptualization on the Marxist grounds. Despite the existence of common Yugoslav institutions, Yugoslav historiography was constituted by six historiographies focusing their research programs on the history of their own nation, i.e. the republic. Therefore, many joint historiographical projects were either left unfinished or courted controversies between historians over a number of phenomena from the Yugoslav history. Yugoslav historiography emancipated from Marxist dogmatism, and modernized itself following various forms of social history due to a gradual weakening of ideological surveillance from the 1960s onwards. However, the modernization of Yugoslav historiography was carried out only partially because of the growing social and political crises which eventually led to the dissolution of Yugoslavia.
A Academia Portuguesa da História durante o Estado Novo (1937-1974)
Authors: Araújo Christophe
Published: June 2021

O ensejo deste artigo é mostrar como o poder político ditatorial do Estado Novo institucionalizou um tipo de discurso historiográfico próximo do seu ideário, através da regeneração de uma defunta academia voltada para a história, desaparecida durante a época moderna. A criação da Academia Portuguesa da História, num momento de estabilização e de reforço dos alicerces do regime autoritário, inscreve-se numa dinâmica de concordância de uma grande parte dos historiadores na matriz conservadora do Estado Novo. Apoderando-se desta remota história institucional, o núcleo de fundadores da instituição, a convite do governo, seguiu entusiasta a linha traçada por ele. Mas rapidamente, a conquista de uma relativa autonomia desta instituição patenteou certas dificuldades, que se multiplicaram ao longo das décadas, devido a um pontual interesse por parte do governo que outrora a criou, provocando um desnorteamento na Academia Portuguesa da História.
Estado Novo e as comemorações do duplo centenário nas colónias
Authors: Barros Víctor
Published: June 2021

Este artigo pretende indagar sobre a forma como o Estado Novo manejou nas colónias a comemoração do Duplo Centenário da Fundação e da Restauração da Independência de Portugal, amplamente solenizada em 1940. Num primeiro momento, o artigo sonda os arranjos formais dessa operação comemorativa, assim como os diversos entendimentos conexos produzidos. A segunda parte escrutina as diferentes feições da discursividade comemorativa aplicada nas colónias. A hipótese deste estudo pode ser enunciada simplesmente assim: em contexto de dominação colonial e imperial, as comemorações históricas elucidam muito mais sobre o colonialismo e o regime político que o administra do que sobre a memória dos eventos que as próprias comemorações evocam.
António Sérgio e a história que gostaria de ver escrita
Authors: Príncipe João
Published: June 2021

Os ensaios de António Sérgio propõem uma história escrita por um cidadão-filósofo, crítica das perspetivas nacionalistas e da história erudita que sacraliza os factos e deprecia as hipóteses teóricas. Opositor do regime, o seu projeto de uma História de Portugal em nove tomos foi abortado pela apreensão do tomo 1 em 1941. O historiador Alfredo Pimenta, com o apoio de Salazar, atacou essa publicação e Sérgio respondeu a Pimenta com aprofundadas reflexões sobre a epistemologia da História, mostrando como o papel das interpretações é fundamental, geminando a história com os outros saberes, sob um ideal científico totalizante e transdisciplinar. Expõem-se os contornos da polémica e analisam-se essas reflexões, integrando-as no todo da obra do autor e mostrando a inspiração recolhida nas obras de John Dewey (função da história), de Henri Berr (síntese científica) e de alguns historiadores e filósofos do virar do século.
A formação da intelectualidade operária nos fins do Oitocentos. Autodidatismo e erudição em Ernesto da Silva (1893-1903)
Authors: Peralta García Beatriz
Published: June 2021

A educação dos operários foi um dos temas fortes do movimento operário. Neste sentido, os historiadores têm mostrado o seu interesse pelas iniciativas geradas no seio das suas organizações, como a criação das escolas para as crianças. Trata-se de iniciativas de caráter privado fora da precária rede do ensino primário e secundário do Estado. Porém, tem-se prestado muito menos atenção à formação académica desta intelectualidade, talvez porque deixou escasso rasto na documentação. Uma das razões para esta insuficiência de fontes tem a ver com o facto dessa formação ser autodidata. Este artigo visa reconstituir e analisar a formação académica da intelectualidade socialista tomando como exemplo Ernesto da Silva (1868-1903), compositor tipógrafo, jornalista e dramaturgo, cuja obra reflete uma vasta cultura em vários os níveis: profissional, ideológico e literário. Avançar no conhecimento da personalidade deste autor permitir-nos-á aprofundar na história do Partido Socialista Português através da biografia de um dos seus vultos mais significativos.
Ameliorative effect of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) peel infusion on the histopathological structures of the liver and kidney of rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) after H2O2 induction
Authors: Rusman J. R. A. , Sundari S. A. , Nuriliani A. , Saragih H. T.
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a free radical, widely use as a food preservative, may cause adverse effects to the body. Mangosteen contains various antioxidants may scavenge free radical produced by H2O2. This study examined the effects of mangosteen peel infusion on the liver and kidney of rats after H2O2 induction.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-six female Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Negative control, positive control (1% H2O2), as well as mangosteen peel infusion groups at a concentration of 0.25; 0.5; 1, and 2%. H2O2 induction was administered orally every day for 2 months followed by mangosteen peel infusion treatment (1 month) after H2O2 induction for 1 month. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed. The liver and kidney of each rat were collected for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and histopathological examinations. Furthermore, blood was collected for creatinine examination.

Results: H2O2 induction caused the highest ROS level elevation in the positive control group which was treated with H2O2 only. Meanwhile, 2% of mangosteen peel infusion returned the ROS levels to normal. It was also observed that mangosteen peel infusion restored creatinine levels to normal. Furthermore, 2% of mangosteen peel infusion improved the histopathological structure of the liver and kidneys after H2O2 induction.

Conclusion: Mangosteen peel infusion especially at a concentration of 2% has the potential to improve liver and kidney structure and functions after H2O2 induction.
How the Convolutional Neural Network Work to Identify Numbers?
Authors: Jiang Guanlin
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the Machine Learning field becomes more and more popular. Convolutional Neural Network becomes a famous and beginner level's Neural Network of Machine Learning. This document provides the knowledge of introduces Convolutional Neural Network and Machine Learning, processes and layers of Convolutional Neural Network and using Convolutional Neural Network to training the model to identify numbers.
Institutional Metadata and the Problem of Context
Authors: Birkin Jane
Published: June 2021

The traditional archive catalogue constitutes a form of structural and descriptive metadata that long precedes the internet; and the cataloguing of photographs is just one part of a process of archival administration. The application of keywords to images contrasts with archival prose description, which is based on the visual content of the image and is predominantly context-free; a remediation of the image itself. At the heart of this lies the notion that the single photograph is itself devoid of context; it is a discrete embodiment of shutter time and there is nothing certain either side of that. Thus, one can only speculate at its context, and institutional description techniques actively avoid such speculation. Yet context in the archive is ever-present and key to the function of images as objects of information and evidence. It is built through static relationships, through the situating of photographs in accordance with the concept of original order, and it is replicated through storage systems and hierarchical catalogue entries. Such orders, hierarchies and relationships are absent within sets of images that are brought together by keyword search, including through the websites of archival institutions that struggle to reconcile archival principles and identity with network culture. Images are transported to places where contextual information is at best difficult to access, especially for those unfamiliar with archival interfaces. In contrast to the controlled stasis of archival storage and interconnected recordkeeping systems, network storage is messy, unstable and poorly described. However, we must accept that context is not a prerequisite for many users, and for them the networking of archival images denotes a freedom; a democratisation of the archive. But in a media-driven society that is becoming more and more indifferent to the evidential value of documents of any kind, the context-free image is left predisposed to exploitation.
Oh, bendito o que semeia livros, livros a mão cheia!
Authors: Gregolin Maria do Rosario
Published: June 2021

A pandemia de COVID 19, durante o ano de 2020, exigiu o enfrentamento de situações inusitadas, como a suspensão de aulas presenciais nas escolas brasileiras. Os alunos mais vulneráveis foram os mais atingidos, na medida em que não tem acesso à internet e ficaram sem atividades escolares. Esse afastamento aprofunda as desigualdades históricas do nosso país. O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar a exclusão social, por meio da visada histórica sobre o letramento, acompanhando a instalação do dispositivo escolar republicano e seus prolongamentos na escola atual, com suas práticas de ensino da escrita e da leitura. Nossa abordagem adota a perspectiva foucaultiana arqueogenealógica, isto é, a investigação se faz por meio da análise dos discursos sob a ótica histórico-crítica das relações entre saberes, poderes e processos de subjetivação. A discussão sobre o letramento na Escola Republicana nos mostra que as práticas são orientadas por um forte nacionalismo ufanista, cujo efeito é o ocultamento das contradições e segregações para a manutenção da ordem desigual. O prolongamento dessa segregação, no momento atual, no programa Conta pra mim (MEC, 2019), ocorre na ausência de políticas afirmativas e aprofunda o abismo entre aqueles que tem acesso ao letramento pela via digital e outros que são alijados dessa conquista social.
O discurso midiático sobre a ansiedade em tempos de Covid-19
Authors: Fernandes de Oliveira Geilson
Published: June 2021

Objetiva-se, neste artigo, refletir sobre os discursos em torno da ansiedade, especialmente, aqueles que versam sobre modos para o seu controle e superação, os quais tiveram sua emergência e circulação no contexto de irrupção da pandemia da Covid-19. Para tanto, são selecionados discursos midiáticos produzidos em portais de notícias. Com efeito, a descrição, interpretação e análise toma como base os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise de Discurso (doravante AD) francesa, especialmente aquela desenvolvida na esteira dos estudos foucaultianos. As análises apontam para um redimensionamento em torno dos sentidos de ansiedade no contexto de pandemia, ao mesmo tempo em são discursivizados saberes para lidar com os seus efeitos, reforçando o viés pedagógico e as relações de saber-poder dos discursos midiáticos.
Discursos e subjetividades
Authors: Ayala Melo Di Alencar Bianca , Guimarães de Assis Leonardo , Divino Nascimento Lima Maurício
Published: June 2021

Esta pesquisa problematiza, no campo dos estudos discursivos, os enunciados do Presidente do Brasil, Jair Bolsonaro, sobre a pandemia, que foram veiculados na mídia, entre outubro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. A presente proposta tem como objetivo geral fazer uma breve história do presente, com escopo na análise do discurso de Jair Bolsonaro, no contexto pandêmico. Para tal, considerando, no fio da história, as relações de poder, saber e verdade, esta pesquisa se fundamenta nos estudos discursivos de matriz foucaultiana e, portanto, tem como estratégia metodológica a arqueogenealogia. Os dados obtidos demonstram que as estratégias e táticas produzidas no e pelo discurso de Bolsonaro confrontam verdades científicas, e incidem diretamente nos processos de subjetivação de milhões de apoiadores desse governo. Palavras-chave: Estudos discursivos; arqueogenealogia; subjetivação; Bolsonaro; pandemia
Undergraduate Research as an Institutional Ethos-A Case Study Examining a Faculty Sponsored Research Symposium
Authors: Settlage Daniel M. , Settlage Latisha A.
Published: June 2021

This article describes a high-impact, institutional approach of embedding undergraduate research. Using a regional, teaching-focused state university as a case study, the article documents the formation of a campus-wide annual undergraduate research symposium (URS) and examines changes in the institution’s culture toward student research. The URS has played the dual role of increasing undergraduate involvement with research and increasing faculty involvement in collaborative research. Key to the effectiveness of the URS is its openness to a wide variety of disciplines and promotion of faculty-student research mentoring. This case study provides background and direction to those wishing to replicate the transformative impact of integrating undergraduate research at their own institutions by forming a high-impact, campus-wide undergraduate research symposium.
The Impact of Continual Reflection Students as Partners: Becoming a/r/tographers
Authors: Gregory Diana , Fisher Jonathan , Leavitt Hayley
Published: June 2021

Abstract: In this reflective essay we chronicle working together from fall 2017 through spring of 2020 to discover what Rita Irwin (2013) delineated as “becoming a/r/tography” (p. 198). Our goals are to delineate how undergraduate research as a high impact practice effected the experience of an undergraduate art and design major as she matriculated through the “sticky curriculum” (Orr & Shreeve, 2018, p. 5), and how a/r/tography as a research methodology influenced our collaborative creativity research projects during this three-year period.
The Impact of Applied Research: Student Research as a High Impact Practice in Freshman Environmental Science
Authors: Morris Billy
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Non-STEM-majors in a freshman elective Science course, Environmental Science 1, were given the opportunity to identify a research question using the course objectives as a guideline. Their research questions and investigations served to fulfill the lab component of the course in lieu of a lab manual. Students were asked to choose a question of interest that could be researched on campus. Student partnerships were encouraged, and a class of 17 students produced 11 research projects. Frequent interactions with the Instructor and peers resulted in lively discussions, new questions, and high levels of student engagement and performance. This approach to laboratory work in a non-science major course can be duplicated when access to resources and instructor/student ratio allows.
Undergraduate Research Embedded Across Course Levels and Types Through Scaffolded Projects
Authors: Evans Sara Z , Evans Jocelyn
Published: June 2021

This article explores how to embed an undergraduate research project within a course and summarizes the student experience in courses including undergraduate research. The authors specifically focus on how to modify and alter materials to fit with different course foci and different course levels. We have been leading an interdisciplinary, multi-year research project for the past four years. During that time, we have scaffolded a research project from year to year. Each piece of the project has been embedded within a course. However, the specific course level and content focus has changed from year to year.  By embedding a research project within a class, faculty members have a unique opportunity to give their students a high-impact experience and further their own research simultaneously. We have successfully mentored and supervised students in the following formats: a freshman interdisciplinary honors course, two different undergraduate criminal justice courses made up of 5-10 students that were focused around criminological theory testing, individual directed study projects with graduate students, a 30-40 person upper level criminology research methods course, and a freshman individual directed study research project. Throughout all of these modalities, we have kept a core type of course design and course requirements but modified the components and grading criteria as needed for the type and level of course. We will summarize and discuss student assessment data both on their experience in the course as well as their achievement of student learning outcomes.
Effectivity of Holothuria scabra and Spirulina platensis extract combination as an Antiinflammatory Agent Measured by Carrageenan-induced Rat Paw Edema
Authors: Yuniati Renni , Sulardiono Bambang
Published: June 2021

Sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, can be found abundantly in Indonesian seas, which is also known to possess several medicinal properties. Spirulina platensis is another marine resources that has recently been extensively researched for its medicinal ability, such as anti-inflammatory effect. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of H. scabra extract combined with S. platensis extract in reducing inflammation. This study uses male Wistar rats as the study animal. Inflammation was induced by injecting carrageenan solution into the mice paw. Combination of H. scabra and S. platensis extract with various combination ratio (1:1; 1:2; and 2:1) was applied to the mice paw. Diclofenac sodium was used as the standard control therapy. Edema inhibition rate and anti-inflammatory efficacy were measured by analyzing the edema size and calculating the edema difference. Combination of H. scabra and S. platensis with 1:1 ratio has the largest edema inhibition volume compared to the other treatments. H. scabra and S. platensis combination outperforms the positive diclofenac sodium control group in terms of edema inhibition. The highest anti-inflammatory effect is obtained in the combination of H. scabra and S. platensis with 1:2 ratio, however, the anti-inflammatory efficacy is not as potent as the positive control. The effectivity of Holothuria scabra and Spirulina platensis extract in reducing the edema might be caused by their ability to reduce the levels of several inflammatory markers, including IL-6, NO, MMP9, and COX-2. This result suggests that H. scabra and S. platensis combination has anti-inflammatory effect shown in mice paw edema model.
Leibniz on the Grounds of the Principle of Sufficient Reason
Authors: Pikkert Owen
Published: June 2021

I examine several alleged grounds of the principle of sufficient reason in Leibniz’s philosophy. These include the nature of a requisite and a sufficient condition, the nature of truth, and the nature of harmony. I argue that Leibniz does not ground the PSR in any of these ways. Instead, he is committed to a value-based grounds of the PSR: God creates the best possible world, and the fact that the PSR obtains in this world contributes to it being the best. I conclude by considering some objections to this way of grounding the PSR.