bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coping and Positive Body Image in Young Women with Breast Cancer: The Buffering Role of Social Support
Authors: Almeida Márcia , Griff Maria Inês , Brandão Tânia
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Considering the unique body image challenges faced by young women with breast cancer, this study aims to deepen our understanding of how coping strategies and perceived social support contribute to fostering positive body image in this population. This is an important issue as body image is capable of influencing women’s self-esteem and psychological adaptation to breast cancer. Methods: A sample of 157 young women with breast cancer (M age = 41.43; SD = 6.05; Min 26 years, Max 50 years), 43% of whom had undergone breast reconstruction, completed an online survey. The survey included measures of coping strategies, positive body image, and perceived social support. Results: No significant differences in coping strategies, perceived social support, or positive body image were observed based on reconstruction status. Moderation analyses revealed that both avoidant and problem-focused coping were significantly associated with positive body image at moderate and high levels of perceived social support, but not at low levels of perceived social support. Perceived social support moderated the relationship between coping strategies and positive body image in women with breast cancer. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of social support in enhancing the effectiveness of both avoidant and problem-focused coping strategies in promoting positive body image. Future interventions should prioritize strengthening social support networks to optimize psychological outcomes in this population.
Comparative Study of the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Plectranthus amboinicus from Different Sectors of Southern Ecuador
Authors: Blacio Susana , Avecillas Gabriela , Maldonado Jordy , Gadvay Katty , Porras Martha , León Wilson , Calva James
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the variability of essential oils (EOs) extracted from the culinary plant Plectranthus amboinicus in different locations, in order to determine their optimal utilization. The EO was extracted from fresh leaves by steam distillation at three locations in the south of Ecuador: Paccha (PAC), El Guabo (GUA), and Arenillas (ARE). Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and flame ionization detection (GC-FID). A total of 41 compounds were identified in Paccha (97.37%), 38 compounds in Arenillas (97.43%), and 41 compounds in El Guabo (98.31%). The most abundant compounds identified were germacrene D (17.60%, 14.59%, and 12.85%), alfa humulene (10.88%, 4.65%, and 5.08%), alfa-terpinene (10.66%, 13.85%, and 6.79%), and carvacrol (5.11%, 5.97%, and 9.13%), in PAC, ARE, and GUA, respectively. In addition, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS and DPPH assays, as well as the total phenol content of the EOs. Finally, a principal compound analysis (PCA) was performed in order to evaluate the variation in compounds using the geographical location of the samples as a variable.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Morocco Revealed by Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers
Authors: Ennami Mounia , Khouya Khadija , Taimourya Houda , Benbya Abdellah , Kaddi Mohamed , Khayi Slimane , Diria Ghizlan , Abdelwahd Rabha , Gaboun Fatima , Mentag Rachid
Published: February 2025

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is one of the most expensive spices in the world. Saffron, prized for its vibrant color, aroma, and taste, is essential in the food industry and traditional medicine. Its culinary uses, therapeutic benefits, and potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties highlight its significant importance. Its genetic diversity has significant implications for cultivation and quality. In this study, genetic diversity among 76 saffron accessions, collected from 13 localities of Taliouin region of Morocco, were evaluated using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. A total of 63 polymorphic fragments were produced with an average of total number and polymorphic bands per primer were of 10.5 and 10.16, respectively. Most of the variations among the localities, revealed by the Analysis of Molecular Variance, originated from the within accessions differentiation (81%; p < 0.010). Cluster Analysis, Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), and population structure confirmed the main groups and corroborated genetic homogeneity across accessions. In fact, close relationships were revealed between accessions from different locations, showing that there was no relationship between genetic divergence and geographical locality. This investigation represents a pivotal advance towards fostering sustainable development and bolstering the economic empowerment of the saffron farming communities in Morocco.
Effects of Inconsistency in Drought Event Definitions on Drought Characteristics
Authors: Wambura Frank Joseph
Published: February 2025

Drought, as one of the hazards exacerbated by climate change, has attracted the attention of many scientists. Many drought studies have used different drought event definitions (DEDs). However, little is known about the effects of these definitions on drought characteristics. This study investigated the effects of DEDs on drought characteristics using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in the Upper Pangani Basin in northeast Tanzania. First, rainfall and air temperature data from the Climatic Research Unit database were used to compute the SPEI. Then, four different types of DEDs were used to identify drought events in the SPEI time series. The identified drought events were examined for agreements and correlations using Kappa and Phi coefficients, respectively, and finally characterized. The findings show that different DEDs produced different types and frequencies of drought events. The patterns of drought events for these DEDs had agreements ranging from 52 to 78% and correlations ranging from 79% to 95%. Different DEDs also led to different drought intensities, ranging from mild to extreme, although the overall drought intensities were either mild or moderate. From this study, we can infer that using suitable DEDs is essential for identifying drought events, as they enable accurate comparisons of droughts across regions and periods, consequently reducing errors and biases in evaluating drought hazards.
Investigating the Water, Ecosystem, and Agriculture Nexus in Three Inland River Basins of the Arid Hexi Corridor, China, Using Integrated Hydrological Modeling
Authors: Chen Yuan , Tian Yong
Published: February 2025

The Water–Ecosystem–Agriculture (WEA) relationship is pivotal to the sustainable development of arid and semi-arid areas. The WEA nexus in these areas is essential for making policies towards sustainable development. This study aims to explore the WEA nexus in three large inland river basins (Heihe River Basin, Shiyang River Basin, and Shule River Basin) in the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China, using an integrated hydrological modeling approach. The integrated model was calibrated and validated against observed streamflow data, achieving Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiencies ranging from 0.83 to 0.94 in the validation period. The major findings are as follows. First, altering the amount of irrigation water significantly affects hydrological and ecological processes in both midstream and downstream areas, influencing the WEA nexus. For example, a 20% reduction in irrigation demand led to a 0.46 billion m3/year recovery in midstream groundwater storage and a 4.3% increase in downstream ecosystem health, but resulted in a 5.4% decrease in midstream agricultural productivity. Second, intense trade-offs among agricultural productivity, ecosystem health, and groundwater sustainability were identified. These trade-offs are highly sensitive to water management strategies, particularly those affecting groundwater sustainability. Third, implementing stricter groundwater-level drawdown constraints significantly improved groundwater sustainability and ecosystem health. Fourth, this study highlighted unique WEA nexus characteristics in each of the three basins. This study provides insights into the understanding the complex WEA nexus, and the quantitative results underscore the trade-offs and synergies within the WEA nexus, providing a foundation for informed decision-making in water resource management.
Immune Alterations and Viral Reservoir Atlas in SIV-Infected Chinese Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Clain Julien A. , Picard Morgane , Rabezanahary Henintsoa , André Sonia , Boutrais Steven , Goma Matsetse Ella , Dewatines Juliette , Dueymes Quentin , Thiboutot Elise , Racine Gina , Soundaramourty Calaiselvy , Mammano Fabrizio , Corbeau Pierre , Zghidi-Abouzid Ouafa , Estaquier Jérôme
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Over the last decades, our projects have been dedicated to clarifying immunopathological and virological events associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Methods: By using non-human primate models of pathogenic and non-pathogenic lentiviral infections, we aimed at identifying the cells and tissues in which the virus persists, despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Indeed, the eradication of viral reservoirs is a major challenge for HIV cure. Results: We present a series of results performed in rhesus macaques of Chinese origin deciphering the virological and immunological events associated with ART that can be of interest for people living with HIV. Conclusions: This model could be of interest for understanding in whole body the clinical alteration that persist despite ART.
Enhancing Quality of Life: Key Factors from Long-Term Social Care Residents’ Perspectives
Authors: Borovika Agrita , Moors Martins , Zolovs Maksims
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to investigate the most important factors shaping the quality of life in a social care institution from the clients’ perspective. This study examines factors beyond direct care that affect the quality of life for clients in social care institutions, focusing on Riga Municipality’s Social Care Center “Gailezers”. Structured interviews with 95 clients assessed six domains: autonomy, relationships, activities, environment, food, and care quality. This study emphasizes the need to align services with clients’ views to enhance their well-being. Based on the results, this study aimed to develop practical proposals for adjusting the content and organization of social care services to better align with the clients’ understanding of the factors affecting their quality of life in the institution.
Interplay of Alternative Energy Sub-Sectors, Oil Prices, and Oil Volatility: Exploring Simultaneous Relationships
Authors: Dinh Minh Thi Hong
Published: February 2025

This study examines the simultaneous relationships among oil prices, oil volatility, and two sub-sectors within alternative energy stocks: renewable energy equipment (REE) and alternative fuels (AF). The results confirm the existence of a bidirectional relationship. While most alternative energy stocks with a long history on the stock exchange exhibit a bidirectional positive correlation with oil prices, they demonstrate a bidirectional negative correlation with oil volatility. In particular, a majority of REEs, as opposed to a minority of AFs, demonstrate a bidirectional positive correlation with oil prices. Conversely, the majority of REEs, contrasted with a minority of AFs, exhibit a bidirectional negative correlation with oil volatility. Notably, newly listed alternative energy stocks show no significant relationship with either oil prices or oil volatility. This suggests that these emerging entities may be influenced by factors beyond traditional energy market dynamics, such as technological innovation, regulatory frameworks, or investor sentiment. Furthermore, the findings highlight that REEs tend to have a more substantial relationship with both oil prices and oil volatility compared to AFs. Recognizing the distinct sensitivities and market behaviours of these sub-sectors can enable more informed decision-making and resource allocation.
Histology of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract, Morphometry and Lymphocyte Subpopulations of the Duodenal Mucosa: Insights from Healthy Individuals
Authors: Martín-Cardona Albert , Carrasco Anna , Ferrer Carme , González-Mínguez Clarisa , Luizaga-Velasco Luis , Tarroch Xavier , Gonzalez-Puglia Gerardo , Tristán Eva , Cardozo-Rembado Natalia Berenice , Pallarès Natàlia , Tebé Cristian , Arau Beatriz , Salvador Isabel , Fajardo Ingrid , Rifà Raimon , Ruiz Laura , Ruiz-Ramírez Pablo , Fernández-Herrera Sònia , Raga Agnès , Aceituno Montserrat , Zabana Yamile , Loras Carme , Fonolleda Mireia , Roigé Jordi , Fernández-Bañares Fernando , Esteve Maria
Published: February 2025

The upper oesophagogastrointestinal (UEGI) tract histology, intestinal morphometry and lymphocyte subpopulations of healthy people is scarcely known. In research studies of inflammation involving the UEGI tract, there is a lack of adequate healthy controls. Aims: To evaluate the histology of the UEGI tract and the duodenal lymphocyte subpopulations of healthy volunteers and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the latter to assess if it could replace healthy subjects. Healthy individuals were excluded if they had symptoms, comorbidities, pregnancy, toxics, medications or abnormal blood analysis. Subjects in both groups with abnormal duodenal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) counts were also excluded. A total of 280 subjects were assessed, and 37 were included (23 healthy and 14 with GERD). The GERD group showed a higher IEL count (median [IQR]: 19.5 [17–22]), than healthy group: (15 [12–18]), p = 0.004. Eosinophils, mast cells and intestinal morphometry were similar in both groups. In the lamina propria, CD4+ T cells decreased (p = 0.008), and CD8+ T cells increased (p = 0.014). The total innate lymphoid cells (ILC) and CD3− cells decreased (p = 0.007) in GERD group compared to healthy controls. At the intraepithelial level, NKT cells increased (p = 0.036) and ILC3 decreased (p = 0.049) in the GERD group. This is the first study to comprehensively map the histology, morphometry and duodenal subpopulations of healthy volunteers to help define a “gold standard” of normality. The differences found between both groups suggest that, whenever possible, healthy subjects should be included in research studies. Alternatively, we can consider a well-defined homogenous group with GERD to serve as the control group.
Structural Characteristics and Properties of the RNA-Binding Protein hnRNPK at Multiple Physical States
Authors: Le Quang D. , Lewis Amanda , Dix-Matthews Alice , Ringler Philippe , Duff Anthony , Whitten Andrew E. , Atkin Rob , Brunner Manuel , Ho Diwei , Iyer K. Swaminathan , Marshall Andrew C. , Fox Archa H. , Bond Charles S.
Published: February 2025

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) is an RNA-binding protein containing low-complexity domains (LCDs), which are known to regulate protein behavior under stress conditions. This study demonstrates the ability to control hnRNPK’s transitions into four distinct material states—monomer, soluble aggregate, liquid droplet, and fibrillar hydrogel—by modulating environmental factors such as temperature and protein concentration. Importantly, the phase-separated and hydrogel states are newly identified for eGFP-hnRNPK, marking a significant advancement in understanding its material properties. A combination of biophysical techniques, including DLS and SEC-LS, were used to further characterize hnRNPK in monomeric and soluble aggregate states. Structural methods, such as SANS, SAXS, and TEM, revealed the elongated morphology of the hnRNPK monomer. Environmental perturbations, such as decreased temperature or crowding agents, drove hnRNPK into phase-separated or gel-like states, each with distinct biophysical characteristics. These novel states were further analyzed using SEM, X-ray diffraction, and fluorescence microscopy. Collectively, these results demonstrate the complex behaviors of hnRNPK under different conditions and illustrate the properties of the protein in each material state. Transitions of hnRNPK upon condition changes could potentially affect functions of hnRNPK, playing a significant role in regulation of hnRNPK-involved processes in the cell.
Understanding the Role of Exercise and Probiotic Interventions on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Alleviation in Zebrafish: Dialogue Between the Gut and Liver
Authors: Gu Xueyan , Yuan Liyan , Gan Long , Zhang Zehui , Zhou Shibiao , Fu Zhenliang , Liu Yu , Xin Zaijun , Cheng Shaohang , Zhou Xinyou , Yan Hualong , Wang Qiyu
Published: February 2025

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most prevalent chronic liver illness, is characterized by hepatic steatosis. Exercise and probiotics can regulate the gut microbiota to treat NAFLD; however, their combined effects and the mechanisms of gut-liver communication remain unclear. Inconsistent results on probiotic efficacy further warrant investigation. In this study, zebrafish fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for six weeks were subjected to swimming exercise (HFDE), probiotic intervention (HFDP), or a combination of both (HFDEP) for 10 weeks to explore their effects on NAFLD and the corresponding mechanism. The results showed that NAFLD alleviation followed the order HFDEP > HFDE > HFDP. HFDEP and HFDE treatments effectively reduced Body Mass Index (BMI), relative liver weight, liver vacuolation density, lipid droplets in liver sections, triglyceride, free fatty acid, glucose, and pyruvic acid. In contrast, a single probiotic treatment had limited impact, suggesting a complementary role in NAFLD treatment. Glucose and fatty acid metabolism were central to the “gut–liver” axis. The reduced conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid, decreased fatty acid synthesis and esterification, and accelerated fatty acid transformation to CO2 contributed to NAFLD improvement under HFDE and HFDEP treatments. This study provides promising theoretical groundwork for potential prevention and treatment strategies for NAFLD.
Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Factors and Mechanisms
Authors: Tasouli-Drakou Vasiliki , Ogurek Ian , Shaikh Taha , Ringor Marc , DiCaro Michael V. , Lei KaChon
Published: February 2025

Atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the accumulation of lipids and a culprit behind cardiovascular events, has long been studied. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in interest in its initiation, with researchers shifting focus from traditional pathways involving the vascular infiltration of oxidized lipids and towards the novel presence of chronic inflammatory pathways. The accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in combination with the activation of transcription factors, creates a positive feedback loop that drives the creation and progression of atherosclerosis. From the upregulation of the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the Notch and Wnt pathways to the increased expression of VEGF-A and the downregulation of connexins Cx32, Cx37, and Cx40, these processes contribute further to endothelial dysfunction and plaque formation. Herein, we aim to provide insight into the molecular pathways and mechanisms implicated in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques, and to review the risk factors associated with their development.
Aspirin Foliar Spray-Induced Changes in Light Energy Use Efficiency, Chloroplast Ultrastructure, and ROS Generation in Tomato
Authors: Moustaka Julietta , Sperdouli Ilektra , Panteris Emmanuel , Adamakis Ioannis-Dimosthenis S. , Moustakas Michael
Published: February 2025

Aspirin (Asp) is extensively used in human health as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and anti-thrombotic drug. In this study, we investigated if the foliar application of Asp on tomato plants has comparable beneficial effects on photosynthetic function to that of salicylic acid (SA), with which it shares similar physiological characteristics. We assessed the consequences of foliar Asp-spray on the photosystem II (PSII) efficiency of tomato plants, and we estimated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the chloroplast ultrastructural changes. Asp acted as an osmoregulator by increasing tomato leaf water content and offering antioxidant protection. This protection kept the redox state of plastoquinone (PQ) pull (qp) more oxidized, increasing the fraction of open PSII reaction centers and enhancing PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII). In addition, Asp foliar spray decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, decreasing the excess excitation energy on PSII. This resulted in a lower singlet oxygen (1O2) generation and a lower quantum yield for heat dissipation (ΦNPQ), indicating the photoprotective effect provided by Asp, especially under excess light illumination. Simultaneously, we observed a decrease in stomatal opening by Asp, which reduced the transpiration. Chloroplast ultrastructural data revealed that Asp, by offering a photoprotective effect, decreased the need for the photorespiration process, which reduces photosynthetic performance. It is concluded that Asp shares similar physiological characteristics with SA, having an equivalent beneficial impact to SA by acting as a biostimulant of the photosynthetic function for an enhanced crop yield.
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Bioactive Compounds in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Roşian Ştefan Horia , Boarescu Ioana , Boarescu Paul-Mihai
Published: February 2025

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids and immune cells within arterial walls, remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are central to its pathogenesis, driving endothelial dysfunction, foam cell formation, and plaque instability. Emerging evidence highlights the potential of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to mitigate these processes and promote vascular health. This review explores the mechanisms through which bioactive compounds—such as polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, and other natural compounds—modulate oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis. It examines their effects on key molecular pathways, including the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and modulation of inflammatory cytokines. By integrating current knowledge, this review underscores the therapeutic potential of dietary and supplemental bioactive compounds as complementary strategies for managing atherosclerosis, paving the way for future research and clinical applications.
Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models for Dengue Diagnosis Prediction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Andrade Girón Daniel Cristobal , Marín Rodriguez William Joel , Lioo-Jordan Flor de María , Ausejo Sánchez Jose Luis
Published: February 2025

The global crisis triggered by the dengue outbreak has increased mortality and placed significant pressure on healthcare services worldwide. In response to this crisis, there has been a notable increase in research employing machine learning and deep learning algorithms to anticipate diagnosis in patients with suspected dengue. To conduct a comprehensive systematic review, a detailed analysis was carried out to explore and examine the machine learning methodologies applied in diagnosing this disease. An exhaustive search was conducted across numerous scientific databases, including Scopus, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, ACM, ScienceDirect, Wiley, and Sage, encompassing studies up to May 2024. This extensive search yielded a total of 2723 relevant articles. Following a rigorous evaluation, 32 scientific studies were selected for the final review, meeting the established criteria. A comprehensive analysis of these studies revealed the implementation of 48 distinct machine learning and deep learning algorithms, showcasing the heterogeneity of methodological approaches employed in the research domain. The results indicated that, in terms of performance, the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was the most efficient, being reported in 25% of the analyzed studies. The Random Forest algorithm was the second most frequently used, appearing in 15.62% of the 32 reviewed articles. The PCA-SVM algorithm (poly-5), a variant of SVM, emerged as the best-performing model, achieving 99.52% accuracy, 99.75% sensitivity, and 99.09% specificity. These findings offer significant insights into the potential of machine learning techniques in the early diagnosis of dengue, underscoring the necessity to persist in exploring and refining these methodologies to enhance clinical care in cases of this disease.
Prothrombotic States in Transcatheter Heart Valve Leaflet Thrombosis (PROSTHESIS): Rationale and Early Results of the Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Grodecki Kajetan , Pawlak Katarzyna , Grodecka Matylda , Rymuza Bartosz , Scislo Piotr , Ciepiela Olga , Kochman Janusz , Huczek Zenon
Published: February 2025

Subclinical leaflet thrombosis is an imaging phenomenon observed after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and characterized by hypoattenuating leaflet thickening (HALT) on computed tomography angiography. The clinical implications and underlying causes remain uncertain. Hypercoagulability, a component of Virchow’s triad, may contribute to thrombus formation on bioprosthetic leaflets, but data on hypercoagulable disorders in TAVI patients and their impact on HALT are limited. The PROSTHESIS study (Prothrombotic States in Transcatheter Heart Valve Subclinical Leaflet Thrombosis) is a single-center observational cohort study aiming to include 130 TAVI patients. This pilot study aimed to (i) assess the effect of hypercoagulable disorders on HALT prevalence and (ii) evaluate their impact on the natural history of HALT. Patients were screened for common hypercoagulable disorders using genetic and functional assays and underwent multimodal imaging one year after TAVI to detect HALT. In patients with HALT, post-implant imaging was repeated after three months to assess its progression. Early results comparing 52 TAVI patients with 52 matched controls undergoing coronary angiography showed similar thrombophilia prevalence between the groups (16% vs. 12%, p = 0.565). HALT occurred in 15% of TAVI patients, more extensively in those with thrombophilia (712 mm3 vs. 135 mm3, p = 0.036). However, thrombophilia was not an independent predictor of HALT. One-year follow-up CTA revealed spontaneous HALT resolution in 63%, stability in 25%, and progression in 12%. This study aims to provide insights into HALT and its mechanisms, which may help prevent complications and improve bioprosthesis durability.
Isolated Cecal Necrosis as a Cause of Acute Abdomen
Authors: Sunamak Oguzhan , Corbaci Kadir , Akyuz Cebrail , Gul Mehmet Onur , Besler Evren , Donmez Turgut , Ekiz Feza
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Isolated cecum necrosis (ICN) is a rare disease and there are few reports on it in the literature. We retrospectively analyzed the patients with acute abdomen who had ICN, in terms of etiology, demographic findings, surgery, and prognosis to determine the best treatment approach. Methods: Seven patients with per-operative diagnosis of isolated cecal necrosis were included in the study. Age, gender, comorbidities, symptoms, laboratory data, imaging modalities, time from symptoms to surgery, surgical procedure, hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The median age of the patients and the F/M ratio were 61 years and 2/5, respectively. The most common comorbidity was chronic renal failure, followed by hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease. The median time from symptom onset to surgery was 1 day. The ileocolic anastomosis was performed in 4 patients and terminal ileostomy in three patients. The morbidity and mortality rates were 28.5% and 14.3%, respectively. The median length of hospital stay was 12 days. Conclusions: ICN should be suspected in elderly patients with comorbidities presenting to the emergency department with an acute abdomen. Computed tomography is an important diagnostic tool. Diagnostic laparoscopy is a good option for definitive diagnosis and end ileostomy is better than anastomosis in patients with bleeding tendency or hypotensive patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis, coronary artery disease, and in the presence of purulent peritonitis to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Early Sacral Neuromodulation: A Promising Opportunity or an Overload for Patients with a Recent Spinal Cord Injury? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bauer Sophina , Grassner Lukas , Maier Doris , Aigner Ludwig , Lusuardi Lukas , Peters Julia , Mach Orpheus , Roider Karin , Beyerer Evelyn , Kleindorfer Michael , Wolff Andreas , Leister Iris , Keller Elena E.
Published: February 2025

Background: A solid rationale exists for early sacral neuromodulation in the form of causal therapy that improves neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction after complete spinal cord injury. However, the short and early time frame for minimally invasive therapy poses a series of ethical and medical issues, which has impeded clinical realisation thus far. Objectives: We performed a cross-sectional study on patients with chronic spinal cord injury to learn about patients’ attitudes towards early treatment to prepare for large randomised controlled trials. Methods: A cohort of patients (n = 86, mixed genders) with spinal cord injury over two years was analysed. Their lower urinary tract-related quality of life was assessed using the Qualiveen-30 tool. The extent of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, patients’ awareness of it, and their attitude towards early sacral neuromodulation were explored with a specific questionnaire. Results: A total of 61.9% (n = 52) of patients declared that, in retrospect, they would have agreed to early treatment prior to the emergence of their autonomic dysfunction. Of these patients, 51.8% (n = 29) would have also consented to early sacral neuromodulation. Quality of life had no impact on their decision. More than half of the patients (n = 49, 57.0%) stated they had not grasped the momentous nature of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction when being informed about it. This finding was subsequently correlated with a decreased lower urinary tract-related quality of life. Conclusion: Patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction are likely to agree to an early therapeutic approach. Clinical implementation requires knowledge and acceptance of the procedure on the part of patients and their caregivers.
An Initial Scoping Review of Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome (DYMERS) Regarding Burnout in Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19
Authors: Nash Carol
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome (DYMERS) characterizes the poor regulation of biological (sleep/waking), social, and behavioral rhythms that affected the level of burnout in healthcare professionals during the pandemic in particular. The aim is to provide an initial scoping review of publications on this topic. Methods: The keywords “Stress Rhythms Dysregulation Bipolar Disorder Burnout DYMERS Healthcare professionals COVID-19” were searched on 9 December 2024 following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using five primary databases (OVID, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science), one register (Cochrane COVID-19 register), and one supplementary database (Google Scholar). Included were peer-reviewed publications. Excluded were duplicates, reports lacking either a research study or any keywords, or including irrelevant information regarding them. Results: The returns for all the databases were (n = 0) except for ProQuest (n = 4) and Google Scholar (n = 14). Of these, three ProQuest returns were duplicates of the Google Scholar search. The remaining report contained irrelevant information on healthcare professionals. The Google Scholar search results produced two relevant reports—neither duplicated with ProQuest. The excluded contained a duplicate in the search itself, three that did not mention healthcare professionals, two that contained irrelevant information concerning them, four returns that were not a research study, and three that were not peer-reviewed. Conclusions: The two studies published on this topic are by various members of the same investigating institution. DYMERS has provided valuable insights regarding burnout in healthcare professionals. The suggestion is for further DYMERS research by this team and others, anticipating future pandemics.
Underwater Target Localization Method Based on Uniform Linear Electrode Array
Authors: Shang Wenjing , Gao Feixiang , Liu Jiahui , Pang Yunhe , Volvenko Sergey V. , Olshanskiy Vladimir M. , Xu Yidong
Published: February 2025

The underwater electric field signal can be excited by underwater vehicles, such as the shaft-rate electric field and the corrosion electric field. The electric field signature of each vehicle exhibits significant differences in time and frequency domain, which can be exploited to determine target positions. In this paper, a novel passive localization method for underwater targets is presented, leveraging a uniform linear electrode array (ULEA). The ULEA manifold along the axial direction is derived from the electric field propagation in an infinite lossy medium, which provides the nonlinear mapping relationship between the target position and the voltage data acquired by the ULEA. In order to locate the targets, the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is applied. Then, capitalizing on the rotational invariance of matrix operations and exploiting the symmetry inherent in the ULEA, we streamline the six-dimensional spatial spectral scanning onto a two-dimensional plane, providing azimuth and distance information for the targets. This method significantly reduces computational overhead. To validate the efficacy of our proposed method, we devise a localization system and conduct a simulation environment to estimate targets. Results show that our method achieves satisfactory direction and reliable distance estimations, even in scenarios with low signal-to-noise ratios.
Residential Proximity Land Use Characteristics and Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds’ Impact on Pulmonary Function in Asthmatic Children
Authors: Hsiao Bo-Yu , Huang Chun-Sheng , Wu Chang-Fu , Chien Kuo-Liong , Yang Hsiao-Yu
Published: February 2025

Background: Urban air pollution adversely affects children’s respiratory systems, but the impact of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on children’s pulmonary function remains unclear. This study aims to identify exhaled VOCs linked to land use characteristics and reduced pulmonary function in asthmatic children, as well as to explore environmental thresholds influencing VOC exposure levels. Methods: We enrolled 97 asthmatic children, aged 7 to 20, from Changhua County, Taiwan, and collected personal and residential data, collected exhaled VOC samples, and conducted pulmonary function tests. Land use characteristics were derived from the children’s residential addresses. This study used two models to explore the relationships between land use, VOC levels, and pulmonary function. Results: Our results show that m/p-xylene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were key contributors to FEV1/FVC and significantly predicted FEV1/FVC < 90% (AUC = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.79). These VOCs were also linked to major road areas within a 300 m buffer around children’s homes. Conclusions: This study fills a research gap on low-level outdoor VOC exposure and pediatric respiratory health, examining 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and m/p-xylene as potential biomarkers for impaired pulmonary function in children.
Hypercalcemia: A Practice Overview of Its Diagnosis and Causes
Authors: Calabrese Vincenzo , Messina Roberta M. , Cernaro Valeria , Farina Alessandra , Di Pietro Ylenia , Gembillo Guido , Longhitano Elisa , Casuscelli Chiara , Taverna Giovanni , Santoro Domenico
Published: February 2025

Hypercalcemia is defined as a serum calcium concentration higher than 10.5 mg/gL or 2.6 mmol/L. Only 50% of serum calcium is active, presented as ionized calcium. The remaining half is bound to albumin, phosphate, and other serum anions, and their changes can affect the serum calcium concentration. Thus, to discriminate true hypercalcemia from pseudo hypercalcemia, an ionized calcium concentration higher than 1.3 mmol/L might be more appropriate. Many variables can lead to hypercalcemia, and managing them is necessary to treat this ion disorder. Indeed, it can be caused by malignancies, hematologic disorders, or genetic diseases such as familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, or it can be related to hormone disorders involving parathormone or vitamin D. For this condition, the correct diagnostic algorithm should be followed. In this review, we summarize the diagnostic steps to follow and detail each clinical pathway is involved in hypercalcemia.
Climate Influences on Day and Overnight Use at California State Beaches and Coastal Parks
Authors: Jenkins Jeffrey S. , Young Terence G. , Petersen Alexander M. , Arroyave Felber J. , Medina-Chavarría Maria E.
Published: February 2025

State beaches and parks provide access to coastal environments for recreational activities that rely on access to the ocean, coastal climate, and scenic amenities. Approximately 46 million people visit state beaches in California annually, and another 20 million people visit other types of state park units located in the Coastal Zone, which together constitute 72% of overall visitation to the state parks system. We utilized monthly attendance estimates available between 2001 and 2020 to assess the influence of extreme drought or wet conditions on visitation to state beaches and coastal parks for day use and overnight use. State beaches include direct access to the ocean for water-dependent recreation activities from swimming to scenery, while coastal park types range from coastal forests to historical sites and may include some ocean access but are not directly dependent on water. State park unit climate conditions were analyzed by coastal region according to seasonal variability between moderate and extreme drought and wet categories using the Palmer Drought Severity Index. We found that visitation to state beaches is more sensitive to climate than coastal parks, particularly during times of extreme drought, and that overall day use visitation is more sensitive to climate than overnight use.
The Perception of the Diaphragm with Ultrasound: Always There Yet Overlooked?
Authors: Möller Kathleen , Saborio Max , Gottschall Heike , Blaivas Michael , Borges Adrian C. , Morf Susanne , Möller Burkhard , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: February 2025

Diaphragm ultrasound makes it possible to diagnose diaphragmatic atrophy and dysfunction. Important indications include unclear dyspnea; diaphragmatic elevation; assessment of diaphragm dysfunction in pulmonary, neuromuscular and neurovascular diseases; and in critically ill patients before noninvasive and mechanical ventilation and follow-up of diaphragm thickness and function during mechanical ventilation with potential prediction of prolonged weaning. In patients with respiratory insufficiency and potential diaphragm dysfunction, it is possible to objectify the contribution of diaphragm dysfunction. In addition, assessment of diaphragmatic hernias, tumors and diaphragmatic dysfunction in COVID-19 and diaphragmatic ultrasound in sports medicine have been described. This narrative review includes the sonomorphology of the diaphragm, standardization of ultrasonographic investigation with transducer positions and ultrasound techniques, normal findings and diagnostic criteria for pathological findings. The correct sonographic measurement, calculation and evaluation can ultimately influence further therapeutic procedures for the patient suffering from diaphragm dysfunction in various diseases.
Epigenetic Modulation Directs Recovery Post LASIK and SMILE Surgery: An Experimental Study
Authors: Shetty Rohit , Khamar Pooja , Kannan Ramaraj , Thacker Puja , Kumar Nimisha Rajiv , Ghosh Arkasubhra , Deshpande Vrushali
Published: February 2025

Purpose: refractive surgery, such as LASIK and SMILE, induces a wound healing response that leads to significant corneal stromal remodeling. We have shown that the protein profile in the stroma changes dramatically immediately post-surgery. However, the methylation status of the DNA post-refractive surgery remains unknown. Design/Participants: DNA methylation study. Refractive surgery (SMILE/LASIK) performed on donor eye globes. Method: we investigated the epigenetic changes post-surgery in relation to long term ECM remodeling in an experimental ex vivo study design. Donor globes (n = 19) were obtained from the eye bank. Three globes served as non-surgical controls while SMILE (-6DS) and LASIK surgery (-6DS) were performed on eight globes each and incubated for 3 days and 2 weeks (n = 4 per group per time point). Here, we compared the DNA methylation landscapes of LASIK and SMILE stroma using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 850 EPIC array (HM850). Results: significant changes in DNA methylation patterns were observed post-operatively in both LASIK and SMILE groups. Specific genes involved in the activation of actin cytoskeleton and inflammation (smad3, prkca and ssh2) showed hypomethylation in LASIK after 2 weeks and LASIK SMILE after 3 days, respectively, suggesting their active role in corneal repair. The genes (gaa, gstm1, mgat1, galnt9 and galnt5) involved in sphingolipid metabolism and mucin biosynthesis showed hypomethylation in SMILE after 3 days. Conclusions: our results suggest that altered DNA methylation patterns may have relevance to the development of complications of haze post-refractive surgery. It also presents the opportunity to utilize drugs that regulate chromatin remodeling for optimal outcomes.
Cohort-Based Evaluation of the Risk of Low Back Pain After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Long-Term Study
Authors: Gallego-Peñalver Francisco , Chaure-Pardos Armando , Romero-de-la-Higuera Silvia , Gómez-Trullén Eva
Published: February 2025

Low back pain (LBP) is a potential complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, some studies suggest that THA not only alleviates joint pain but also resolves LBP in up to 88.2% of patients. Most of these observations are limited to short-term follow-ups. This study investigates the long-term relationship between THA and LBP, challenging the notion that THA resolves LBP. A retrospective review was conducted on 236 patients who underwent THA (2010–2020). Multiple statistical models were applied, including unadjusted unmatched, adjusted unmatched, adjusted matched, and target trial emulation with 7887 subjects, to evaluate LBP incidence. Of the 236 patients, 119 developed postoperative LBP. The unadjusted unmatched analysis showed a relative risk (RR) of 2.23 (95%CI: 1.5–3.2). Adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and recruitment period reduced the RR to 1.64 (95%CI: 1.0–2.6). The adjusted matched analysis showed an RR of 1.09 (95%CI: 0.4–3.0), while the target trial emulation simulated an RR of 1.03 (95%CI: 0.7–1.8), indicating no significant differences. Despite an apparent initial association, adjusted analyses do not support a significant long-term relationship between THA and LBP. No reduction in postoperative LBP incidence was observed, suggesting THA is safe regarding LBP risk but lacks a curative effect. Rigorous confounding adjustment is essential in retrospective studies.
2-(Heptylthio)pyrimidine-4,6-diamine
Authors: Salieva Gulrukh , Uktamova Malokhat , Torikai Kohei , Kholikov Tursunali
Published: February 2025

Thiopyrimidines represent one of the most active classes of compounds, possessing a wide spectrum of biological activities. Herein, we report the synthesis of 2-(heptylthio)pyrimidine-4,6-diamine (HPDA) via S-alkylation. The structure of HPDA was elucidated using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), high resolution mass (HRMS), and infrared (IR) spectroscopies.
Boosting Electrooxidation of Ethanol by Nickel Addition to Metallic Glass Ribbon Precursors
Authors: Song Jingjing , Zhang Bo , Chen Yu , Hu Qingzhuo , Zhang Fabao , Zhong Langxiang
Published: February 2025

A CuNiCe-O nanocomposite was fabricated on the Cu40Ni20Al10Ce26Pt3Ru1 metallic glass (MG) ribbon surface by dealloying. The influences of Ni and dealloying time on the morphology and EOR performance were analyzed. The results suggest that the catalytic activity and stability of the dealloyed MG ribbon could be significantly enhanced owing to the alloying of Ni to the Cu60Al10Ce26Pt3Ru1 MG ribbon precursor. The activated D-Cu40Ni20Al10Ce26Pt3Ru1 ribbon obtained at an etching time of 3 h had a better electrochemical ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) performance than other dealloyed samples due to the formation of abundant active sites and the presence of defects within the CuNiCe-O composite.
Auger Recombination and Carrier-Surface Optical Phonon Interaction in Van Der Waals Heterostructures Composed of Graphene and 2D Transition Metal Chalcogenides
Authors: Mahdouani Mounira , Bourguiga Ramzi , Gardelis Spiros
Published: February 2025

We perform a theoretical investigation of the electron–surface optical phonon (SOP) interaction in Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) formed by monolayer graphene (1LG) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), using eigenenergies obtained from the tight-binding Hamiltonian for electrons. Our analysis reveals that the SOP interaction strength strongly depends on the specific TMDC material. TMDC layers generate localized SOP modes near the 1LG/TMDC interface, serving as effective scattering centers for graphene carriers through long-range Fröhlich coupling. This interaction leads to resonant coupling of electronic sub-levels with SOP, resulting in Rabi splitting of the electronon energy levels. We further explore the influence of different TMDCs, such as WS2, WSe2, MoS2, and MoSe2, on transport properties such as SOP-limited mobility, resistivity, conductivity, and scattering rates across various temperatures and charge carrier densities. Our analysis confirms that at elevated temperatures and low carrier densities, surface optical phonon scattering becomes a dominant factor in determining resistivity. Additionally, we investigate the Auger recombination process at the 1LG/TMDC interface, showing that both Auger and SOP scattering rates increase significantly at room temperature and higher, ultimately converging to constant values as the temperature rises. In contrast, their impact is minimal at lower temperatures. These results highlight the potential of 1LG/TMDC-based vdWHs for controlling key processes, such as SOP interactions and Auger recombination, paving the way for high-performance nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices.