bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENDEKATAN KOMUNIKATIF DALAM PELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Anshori Taufiq
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe communicative approach in language learning emphasizes on the mastery of language proiciency. Communicative approach is based on some psychological theories of language and learning. The purpose of language learning, according to this approach, is factual communication, where students can use foreign language as a communication tool. In other words, the purpose of this approach is that students have the competence to communicate in a language they have learned in a variety of social situations. Communicative approach is also called the functional approach, in which the language is used as its functions. This article describes the application of communicative approach for teaching Arabic in Indonesian contexts.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL
Authors: Rohmasari Dewi Nuur
Published: March 2019

AbstractIndonesia as multicultural country facing internal issues such as weakening the spirit of nationality and waning of cultural values so as to lead to conflict SARA (ethnic, religion, race, group), inequity, and crisis identity. Plurality of Indonesia is powerful but in the other hand become vulnerable to conflict when there is no understanding, tolerance and mutual understanding in facing differences. Multicultural education is considered very strategic to build awareness. The early stages that need to be immediately carried out public awareness through socialization that is can be started at the school level, to get to know each other and to understand cultural diversity, thus fostering mutual respect ethnic identities in the same or different. Implementation of multicultural education at the school level are not done separately but integrated in the subjects, including mathematics. The model of mathematics teaching based on the five dimensions of multicultural education identified by James Banks, including culture integration into mathematics content, knowledge construction of mathematics through context and cultural understanding, equitable pedagogy, prejudice reduction and empowering school culture. Learning mathematics-based multicultural education aims to optimize the achievement of mathematics teaching and fosters awareness, understanding, tolerance, mutual understanding and a spirit of nationality of individual students as part of a multicultural community.
Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Semangat Kebangsaan dalam Menumbuhkan Semangat Revolusi Mental Mahasiswa
Authors: warsito
Published: March 2019

Revolusi (dari bahasa latin revolutio, yang berarti "berputar arah") adalah perubahan fundamental (mendasar) dalam struktur kekuatan atau organisasi yang terjadi dalam periode waktu yang relatif singkat. Mental atau tepatnya Mentalitas adalah cara berpikir atau kemampuan untuk berpikir, belajar dan merespons terhadap suatu situasi atau kondisi. Revolusi Mental dapat diartikan dengan perubahan yang relatif cepat dalam cara berpikir kita dalam merespon, bertindak dan bekerja. Makalah ini membahas penanaman nilai-nilai semangat kebangsaan di tengah krisisnya ideologi dan budaya bangsa. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan data kepustakaan sebagai sumber utama penelitian ini. Penulis menggunakan studi dalam konteks penanaman nilai-nilai wawasan kebangsan dalam menumbuhkan semangat revolusi mental mahasiswa sehingga dapat membentuk generasi muda bangsa yang berkarakter dengan semangat menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kebudayaan dan moralitas bangsa. Dalam penyusunan makalah ini, penulis menggunakan mahasiswa sebagai objek utama konsep penanaman nilai wawasan kebangsaan. Oleh sebab itu, dalam penulisannya penulis menggunakan pendekatan strategi penanaman nilai-nilai revolusi mental melalui mata kuliah pendidikan kewarganegaraan. Melalui pendekatan pendidikan kewarganegaraan diharapkan mahasiswa dapat menumbuhkan semangat dan kesadaran dalam menjunjung tinggi dan mengembangkan karakter manusia yang unggul dan bermoral serta menjaga nilai-nilai kebudayaan menuju perubahan bangsa yang berdaulat, mandiri dan berdaulat. Keyword: Penanaman, Nilai-nilai, wawasan kebangsaan, revolusi mental, mahasiswa
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR)
Authors: Maknuun Lu’ Lu’ IL
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis study was tested the influence of the firm characteristics to the Corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) of insurance companies in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of company characteristics such as profitability, firm size, leverage and board of commisioners size on the corporate social responsibilitydisclosure on all insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2009 until 2012.This research is an empirical study with purposive sampling techniques in data collection with the following criteria: 1. Insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2009 until 2012. 2. Completed annual reports published in 2009 until 2012. The data obtained from annual report of Insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data were analyzed bymultiple linear regressions to examine the influence of firm characteristics on the CSRD made by the firm.The hypothesis in this research is as follows, 1. Profitability of insurance company affect positively on the CSRD of the company, 2. Leverage of the insurance company affect negatively on the CSRD of the company, 3. Firm size affect positively on the CSRD of the company, 4. Board of commisioners size affect positively on the level of risk disclosure. The results from the test of hypothesis indicated that the firm’s size and company's board of commisioners’ size are significantly influenced on the CSR disclosure. Furthermore, leverage and profitabilityor the company does not significantly influence the level of CSR disclosure. The result of this study provides information for investor about the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure that company could have, and also useful to give information for decision making.
PENGARUH PENGUNGKAPAN PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Maknuun Lu’ Lu’ IL
Published: March 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara item-item di dalam pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan yang diukur menlalui Return On Assets dan Net Profit Margin. Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah regresi data panel. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data sekunder dengan menganalisis laporan tahunan dan laporan keuangan perusahaan pada tahun 2014 dan 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya terdapat satu item CSR yang memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Return On Assets (ROA) yaitu indikator masyarakat sosial. Sementara untuk variabel NPM hanya terdapat indikator kinerja lingkungan yang memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Net Profit Margin (NPM).
PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI DI KEDIRI
Authors: Anshori Taufiq
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the design of ICT-based Arabic learning model. This study was designed to find the best model of ICT-based Arabic learning. This study proposed that the integration of various fields of studies with ICT, including Arabic language learning, is undeniably vital to be enhanced in this digital era. However, the constraints experienced by some institutions, especially the educators, have not had a clear format of the use of ICT in the integration effort of the both disciplines. This study applied research and development model with a qualitative research method. This research was conducted through three phases, i.e. introduction, development and implementation. The research sampling technique was purposive sampling. The data were collected by conducting observation, interview and documentation. The data were analyzed using the techniques developed by Miles and Huberman. The results showed that the design of ICT-based Arabic learning model can be developed at MTs Negeri KEDIRI was the al-Hâsûb al-Ittishâlî model, i.e. a communicative computer-based Arabic learning model. In this model, the materials and other learning tools are designed using a computer program. Through this kind of learning models, a teacher served as learning motivator and mediator elaborating the materials that need clarification for the learners.
SISTEM TRANSAKSI DAN PERHITUNGAN BUNGA DEPOSITO PADA BANK NAGARI CABANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Diana Citra , Tanjung Mariani St.B
Published: March 2019

The aim of this research is to know whether the transaction system and the calculation of interest on Bank Nagari branch Pariaman villages have been effective in accordance with Regulation deposits contained in the legislation of Republic of Indonesia No. 10 of 1998 which represents a change of the Act No. 7 in 1992 and RI Law No. 4 of 2004 on the deposit insurance agency. This study uses qualitative descriptive method by describing the transaction and whether the system of calculation of interest on deposits at the bank branch pariaman villages have been effective. The data used are primary data in the form of interviews and secondary data in the form of the action plan of PT. Bank Nagari Branch Pariaman. The results showed that the policies and procedures and strategies implemented by PT. Bank Nagari Branch Pariaman in its deposit transaction has been effective in accordance with the minimum standards set by Bank Indonesia which is adapted to the scope of the bank's business.
Minerva and Virgil - a program (Notes on Karpathy et al. 2014)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: March 2019

Recent advances in machine learning and computer vision have resulted in the accurate and consistent identification of objects in images and videos. In this paper, a program named "Minerva and Virgil" is described whose purpose it is to counter State brutality, a term that we propose as the generalization of the already established "police brutality", by making use of these technologies.
DEMARCHOS - Um boletim do Grupo de Pesquisa DEMOS (Demografia, Saúde e Sociedade)
Authors: Guimarães Raphael M.
Published: March 2019

Este é o boletim do Grupo de Pesquisa 'Demografia, Saúde e Sociedade", liderado por pesquisadores da FIOCRUZ e UFRN, cujos objetos são demografia, saúde pública e políticas sociais.
PROSEDUR PEMBERIAN KREDIT MIKRO (KREASI) PADA PT. PEGADAIAN (PERSERO) UNIT PENGELOLA CABANG LUBUK BUAYA
Authors: Faramita Silfanni Ulfa , Tanjung Mariani St.B
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi prosedur pemberian kredit usaha mikro kecil dan menengah pada PT. Pegadaian ( Persero ) Unit Pengelola Cabang Lubuk Buaya. Subjek penelitian ini adalah staf karyawan dan pengelola PT. Pegadaian ( Persero ) Unit Pengelola Cabang Lubuk Buaya. Sedangkan objek penelitian nya adalah prosedur pemberian kredit usaha mikro kecil dan menengah pada PT. Pegadaian ( Persero ) Unit Pengelola Cabang Lubuk Buaya. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara dan dokumentasi yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosedur pemberian kredit usaha mikro kecil dan menengah yang ditetapkan oleh PT. Pegadaian ( Persero ) Unit Pengelola Cabang Lubuk Buaya telah dilaksanakan dengan baik mulai dari pengajuan permintaan kredit, penyelidikan berkasj aminan, melakukan survey, mempelajari berkas-berkas kredit, sampai dengan pencairan kredit. Selain itu pihak pegadaian telah melibatkan beberapa bagi antara lain : (1) Pimpinan cabang, (2) Pegawai fungsional, (3) Polres koto tangah, (4) Kuasa Pemutus Kredit (KPK), (5) Notaris, dan (6) Kasir.
AKTIVITAS CUSTOMER SERVICE DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PELAYANAN NASABAH PADA PT.BANK PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH SUMATERA BARAT,Tbk CABANG MENTAWAI
Authors: Saogo Bultman , Tanjung Mariani St.B
Published: March 2019

Customer Service represent a part of organizational unit which reside in front of office functioning as source of medium and information to client and bank which wish to get bank products and also services. Customer Service have to have ability serve client precisely and quickly and also have ability communicate which good to taking care of that relation remain to goodness. This matter of course must be done because taking care of good relation with client also mean to take care of bank image to be earn increasing at client eyes. This research aim to be can give the understanding of to society about activity of customer service in upgrading service of client. Research type the used is research of field. Research of field is research with aim to study intensively situation and background now and environmental interaction that happened at one particular set of social like individual, group, community or institute.
PROSIDING NARASI SEMINAR NASIONAL BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA (Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Responsif Budaya untuk Penguatan Karakter Bangsa di Era Industri 4.0)
Authors: Sakaria Sakaria
Published: March 2019

Narasi merupakan kegiatan yang pertama kali diselenggarakan oleh Himpunan mahasiswaprogram studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Dewan Mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasadan Sastra Indonesia Fakutas Bahasa dan Sastra Universitas Negeri Makassar. Kali inimerupakan seminar bahasa dan sastra Indonesia dengan mengangkat tema Bahasa dan SastraIndonesia Responsif Budaya untuk Penguatan Karakter Bangsa di Era Industri 4.0. Tema inisedang hangatnya diperbincangan oleh dunia. Seminar ini didukung oleh Program Studi PendidikanBahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Bahasa dan Sastra Universitas Negeri Makassar.Makalah yang dimuat dalam prosiding ini melalui seleksi yang ketat dan dipresentasikandalam seminar. Para pemakalah dari berbagai Provinsi, baik dosen, mahasiswa, danpemerhati telah mencurahkan ide dan gagasannya yang berkaitan dengan bahasa, sastra, danpengajarannya.Terima kasih kepada panitia, sekelompok tenaga dan pikiran yang senang hati, rela, sertabertenaga telah menjadi tameng perkasa bagi terlaksananya Narasi 2018. Akhir kata, bahasamenjadi bagian dalam mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Bahasa sebagai sinarsegala ilmu.
Review Meningkatkan Daya Saing Pabrik Gula di Indonesia era Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN
Authors: Jonathan Edward
Published: March 2019

Review tugas individu Tayibnapis
Time after time: support for memory accounts of temporal preparation.
Authors: Butler Joe , Ngabo Samuel , Missal Marcus
Published: March 2019

Complex biological systems build up temporal expectations to facilitate adaptive responses to environmental events, in order to minimise costs associated with incorrect responses, and maximise the benefits of correct responses. In the lab, this is clearly demonstrated in tasks which show faster response times when the period between warning (S1) and target stimulus (S2) on the previous trial was short and slower when the previous trial foreperiod was long. The mechanisms driving such higher order effects in temporal preparation paradigms are still under debate, with key theories proposing that either i) the foreperiod leads to automatic modulation of the arousal system which influences responses on the subsequent trial, or ii) that exposure to a foreperiod results in the creation of a memory trace which is used to guide responses on the subsequent trial. Here we provide data which extends the evidence base for the memory accounts, by showing that previous foreperiod exposures are cumulative with reaction times shortening after repeated exposures; whilst also demonstrate that the higher order effects associated with a foreperiod remain active for several trials.
Holarchic Psychoinformatics: A Mathematical Ontology for General and Psychological Realities
Authors: Sood Suraj
Published: March 2019

This article builds upon a formal person-situation framework by offering formalisms for its subcomponents, as well as for reality more generally. More specifically, a system of mathematical formalisms is offered relating the following constructs: holarchy, reality, and psychological reality. Psychological reality is offered a portmanteau in the neologism, “psychologicality”. Psychologicality denotes mind and behavior, both of which are subcomponents of Sood’s person-situation formula. The mathematics offered is woven into a broader, subjective-objective ontology that is required for any truly representative virtual world.The result from above, when synthesized with informatics, is a novel “holarchic informatics” and more specific holarchic psychoinformatics (HPI). Holarchic psychoinformatics is related with Sood’s psychoinformatic complexity (PIC) paradigm. The aim of this article is to build upon “third force”—i.e., existential-humanistic (E-H)—psychology. We depart from more traditional approaches in defining E-H psychology as the study of the existence of human minds and behaviors as emergent, interdependent properties of people’s interactions with situations. This definition results from the enactive person-situation framework as situated within PIC.
How Decisions and the Desire for Coherency Shape Subjective Preferences Over Time
Authors: Hornsby Adam N , Love Bradley C.
Published: March 2019

Recent findings suggest a bidirectional relationship between preferences and choices such that what is chosen can become preferred. Yet, it is still commonly held that preferences for individual items are maintained, such as caching a separate value estimate for each experienced option. Instead, we propose that all possible choice options and preferences are represented in a shared, continuous, multidimensional space that supports generalization. Decision making is cast as a learning process that seeks to align choices and preferences to maintain coherency. We formalized an error-driven learning model that updates preferences to align with past choices, which makes repeating those and related choices more likely in the future. The model correctly predicts that making a free choice increases preferences along related attributes. For example, after choosing a political candidate based on trivial information (e.g., they like cats), voters' views on abortion, immigration, and trade subsequently shifted to match their chosen candidate.
Interdisciplinary Research in Public Health: Not quite straightforward
Authors: Van Teijlingen Edwin Roland , Regmi Pramod R. , Adhikary Pratik , Aryal Nirmal , Simkhada Padam
Published: March 2019

Over the past few years the practice of disciplines collaborating in interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary research has grown in popularity and not just in the health field. In a multi-faceted discipline such as Public Health, interdisciplinary approaches are a welcome addition to the research field. Interdisciplinary research can bring new insights and understanding across disciplinary boundaries. Novel interdisciplinary research can transcend disciplinary boundaries to address sophisticated and so-called wicked problems in society. However, there are potential difficulties arising from researchers trained in different individual disciplines attempting to work together. We have highlighted some of these issues which interdisciplinary research in Public Health needs to consider and, where necessary, address before they become barriers.
Federal governance and the undying parade for universal health coverage in Nepal
Authors: Khanal Pratik , Mishra Shiva Raj
Published: March 2019

Not required (Editorial)
Occupational risk factors as causes of deaths among 15-49 years population in Nepal
Authors: Pant Puspa Raj
Published: March 2019

No abstract.
Optimizing Health and Safety Inspections in Canada
Authors: Bouchard St-Amant Pier-André
Published: March 2019

Background: Each year, the Canadian government assigns inspectors to visit firms and ensure compliance to the occupational health and safety provisions of the Canada Labour Code. This paper presents evidence supporting the hypothesis that assignments reduce the number of disabling injuries. It also presents a mathematical technique improving the performance of how firms are chosen for inspection.

Methods: By combining two administrative databases covering worksites under federal jurisdiction, the impact of assignments on injuries is estimated using instrumental variables. The instruments are the exogenous part of the government’s assignment rule for inspectors.

Results: The impact of one assignment on injuries is estimated to be -0.33 in the year following the assignment. Furthermore, by introducing a measure of diminishing marginal returns of assignments by sector, a more efficient assignment rule to help further minimize the number of injuries resulting from non-compliance with the Labour Code is suggested. This improved rule includes a reallocation of assignments across industries compared to the current allocation. In particular, assignments are transferred from the sectors of Air Transport and Road Transport to the sectors of Banking, Postal Contractors and Crown Corporations.

Conclusions: A counterfactual experiment with the new allocation of assignments suggests an 18% decrease in the number of injuries for the same yearly average number of assignments. Based on available estimates of the cost of injuries, the suggested change in the targeting tool would lead to annual savings of 72 million dollars in workers’ compensation claims.
Evaluation of Ovsynch Protocol on Reproductive Performance of Anestrous Buffaloes during Breeding Season in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Kharel C.N. , Devkota B. , Sah S.K. , Karki R.K.
Published: March 2019

This study evaluated the effectiveness of Ovsynch/FTAI protocol (day 0 fertirelin inj. 100μg I/M, day 7 cloprostenol inj. 500μg I/M, day 9 fertirelin inj. 100μg I/M, and day 10 fixed time artificial insemination 18 hours after second injection of fertirelin) in anestrous buffaloes of Chitwan, Nepal (n=14). Protocol was evaluated in terms of estrus characteristics, ovulation and pregnancy rate. Responses were analyzed by grouping the buffaloes based on type of anestrus, length of anestrus, body condition score (BCS), milking status, parity, age, management condition, follicle count on day of second GnRH treatment and site of semen deposition. Intensity of estrus characteristics on day of AI was mild. Major estrus signs observed were uterine tonicity, alertness, mucus discharge on rectal manipulation of internal genitalia, swelling of vulva and teat engorgement. Mucus discharge on rectal manipulation of internal genitalia and teat engorgement were clearly noticed in 50 % buffaloes. There was higher tendency (P=0.08) of estrus expression by buffalos with anestrous period of 10 months or lower compared to those with anestrous period longer than 10 months. Overall ovulation rate was 85.7%. Pregnancy rate to FTAI was 28.6% (22.2% and 40% in true anestrous and silent estrus buffaloes). 64.3% (66.7% and 60% of true anestrous and silent estrus) buffaloes were pregnant when checked at 102 days of FTAI including subsequent breeding. Although Ovsynch/FTAI seems to be alternative breeding technique in silent estrus buffaloes, further study with increased sample size is recommended. This protocol can potentially be used for resumption of ovarian cyclicity in true anestrus buffaloes.
Effect of Breed and Gender on Hematological Parameters and Some Serum Biochemical Profiles of Apparently Healthy indigenous Sheep of Nepal
Authors: Amatya Gorkhali N. , Khanal S. , Sapkota S. , Prajapati M. , Shrestha Y.K. , Khanal D.R.
Published: March 2019

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of some factors such as breed and sex on biochemical and serum parameters as well as to establish normal physiological reference values for indigenous breed of sheep of Nepal. Blood sample were collected from 25 apparently healthy sheep (11 males and 14 females) from on station flock at Khumaltar, Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC) were used. In case of serum biochemical parameters, overall LS mean for total Protein (TP) was less than physiological range while Albumin (Alb) was recorded higher than normal physiological range. The breed differences were observed in TP where Lampuchhre sheep (lowland sheep) showed the lower value than hill sheep breeds (Baruwal and Kage sheep) taken in the study. The same breed exhibited gender variation in the same parameter with values in males were significantly higher (P<0.05) than females. Comparing LS Mean for Alb and Phosphrous (P) for Nepalese sheep, value recorded for females were found to be significantly higher P (<0.05) than males in case of serum Alb while serum P was significantly lower (P<0.05) in females. For RBC indices, Nepalese sheep exhibited higher Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) was higher than normal physiological range. LYM and NE value was significantly higher in Kage breed in comparison to Lampuchhre and Baruwal. The highly significant gender variation for Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) (P<0.01) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin MCH (P<0.05) where female showed the higher value than males. The result of the preliminary study revealed the breed and sex variation in case of hematological and biochemical indices Further research with more number of samples is warranted for concrete information which could be used to monitor animal health status to improve the management and conservation of these breeds.
Status of Brucellosis in Dairy Cattle of Kapilvastu and Bhaktapur Districts of Nepal
Authors: Ghimire B. , Thapa Chhetri S. , Khanal D.R.
Published: March 2019

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes abortion in dairy cattle. To find out its status, serological tests were conducted, during June-July 2013, in 48 sera samples from dairy cattle (23 from Kapilvastu and 25 from Bhaktapur districts) having the recent history of abortion. Out of 48 samples 6 (12.5%) were positive on Rose Bengal Plate Test. Among 6 positive samples, 2 (8.69%) were from Kapilvastu and 4 (16%) from Bhakhtapur. Considering the positive cases of brucellosis in the dairy pocket areas and its threat of transmission to other animals and human, a suitable preventive and control measures including the regular test and segregation of sero-positive animals, effective quarantine, legislative measures and awareness programs for farmers, veterinarian, technicians and stakeholders are recommended.
Study of Tuberculosis in Rhesus macaques of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha S.P. , Shrestha D. , Prajapati M. , Shrestha S.P.
Published: March 2019

Tuberculosis is one of the prioritized zoonotic diseases in Nepal producing severe health hazard in humans and animals including both wildlife species and livestock species. It is also one of the most important bacterial diseases of nonhuman primates, especially macaques which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis. A study was conducted from 2010 to 2012 in macaques of Nepal to find out the status of tuberculosis. Altogether 326 macaques were tested for tuberculosis by Intradermal Skin test on the eyelid and M. tuberculosis/M. bovis antibody testkit. Out of 326 macaques tested, 62 were found positive for the tuberculosis. So, the overall prevalence rate of tuberculosis in rhesus macaques was found to be 19.02%. From the study it is concluded that not only humans, but the monkeys are also equally vulnerable to this disease condition and produce more severe health hazards, resulting even in death. These macaques should also be given priority concerning this as they may pose risk to other wild life species and humans. More researches should be directed towards exploring disease condition and status in these animals to protect other wildlife species and human contacting this disease.
First Record of Argulus japonicus (Crustacea: Branchiura) on Cyprinus carpio in Nepal, with Additional Notes on Morphology and Prevalence of A. Japonicus and Its Treatment
Authors: Rayamajhi A. , K.C. S. , G.C. S. , Kunwor P.
Published: March 2019

The present study recorded the parasite Argulus japonicus (Crustacea: Branchiura) as the first discovery in Nepal. The description was based on using 11 males (4.12 mm average TL) and 5 females (4.18 mm average TL) of Argulus japonicus which were collected from Godawari fish farm, Lalitpur. Biological behavior of one summer old common carp (Cyprinus carpio) infected with Argulus japonicuswere sluggish movement, jumping and poor growth grown in earthen pond in winter at water temperature 15.5 ºC and pH 7.4. Heavily infected fishes showed brown-grey to reddish points throughout their body surface, especially on the caudal fins and on the body portion. Prevalence rate of this parasite was 80% in infected common carp fish with an average weight 261.80±85.12 g and length 22.9±4.9 cm. Argulus mean intensity count was averaged 10.2 per infected fish with relatively high infestation in body surface (2.8±3.9) followed by caudal fin (1.8±4.5) and dorsal fin (1.1±1.5). Prevalence rate of this parasite in treated common carp reduced by 95% and Argulids assembled in several regions of the fish was in average 0.1/treated fish by feeding Duroclean treated feed. Duroclean, an aquaculture drug was found effective to control this parasite. The effective dose of the drug was 0.3 g per kg fish feed and fed for 3 days consecutively with one day off and then again for 2 days.
Plant Bio-resources used in Ethno-veterinary Practices in Jumla District
Authors: Gyawali R.R. , Paudel H.R.
Published: March 2019

Jumla is one of the districts in high mountain region of Nepal from where the medicinal and aromatic plants, their parts and products are exported annually. A study was carried out from March to June 2014 to document the plant resources used in ethno veterinary practice by local people. Focal group discussions and key informant interviews were carried out to enlist plant bio resources used as ethno veterinary medicines. It was revealed that people used 42 plant resources to correct 28 different ailments in animals. Among the listed plant resources, about 87% were the home products of the district. Hence, the study led to the conclusion that there is opportunity to explore the locally found medicinal plants as ethno veterinary medical practice and commercial veterinary herbal medicine.
Impact of Climatic Variability on Sheep Husbandry Practices at Lamjung District
Authors: Ghimire S. , Yadav J.L. , Devkota N.R. , Singh S.
Published: March 2019

This study was done with 70 households of Uttarkanya and Bhujung VDC of Lamjung district to assess the impacts of climatic variability on sheep production and to document their adaptation practices to mitigate this variability. Household interview with structured-questionnaire were used to collect primary information, and secondary data was collected from District Livestock Service Office, Lamjung, Central Bureau of Statistics and Department of Hydrology and Meteorology. This study found that more than 80% of the farmer's perception about climatic parameters matched to those recorded by department of hydrology and meteorology. Similarly, the trend of sheep rearing in Lamjung district was found in decreasing whereas youths are least attracted to sheep farming, posing serious threat to the sustainability of sheep farming in the area. The study found that the climate change has affected sheep production and livelihood of farmers since many years. Analysis of climate data of Khudi region of Lamjung district showed increase in maximum temperature from 28.32°C to 28.63°C with an average change of 0.002°C per year and increase in minimum temperature from 15.03°C to 16.38°C with an average change of 0.015°C per year in past 20 years, resulting in hotter summer and warmer winter. Similarly, rainfall has shown decreasing trend associated with erratic patterns. Most important risk factor affecting sheep farming was increase in occurrence of different types of diseases due to climate change which was significantly different (P<0.01). Farmers perceived decreased availability of grasses and pasture species in most cases in comparison to 10 years ago which was statistically significant (P<0.01). Farmers have started adaptation measures that include shifting grazing zones to increase in access to pasture; preserve the forages and grasses for dry season; using regular vaccination and deworming against diseases and parasites; and constructed dipping tank to remove external parasites. These activities have helped sheep farming to adapt to climatic variability.
Alternatives to Fight Against Coccidiosis: A Review
Authors: Acharya K.P. , Acharya N.
Published: March 2019

Coccidiosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases of poultry with economic losses. The loss is mainly due to the poor feed conversion and increased mortality. Nowadays, farmers rely heavily on prophylactic and therapeutic use of chemical compounds for the management of coccidiosis. The conventional anti-coccidials, however, are associated with residual effects and increased resistance. Similarly, increasing consumer awareness and their pressure for natural food has increased governmental pressure basically. Because of regulatory change, there is increasing pressure to phase out the chemical anticoccidials in diet of farm animals. Moreover, there are renewed management practices as alternatives that are safe, little/no residual effects, and economical. Non-conventional compounds such as Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), organic acids, phyto-chemicals, probiotics and essentials oils have shown encouraging result against coccidian growth in intestinal mucosa of chicken and turkey. But, comprehensive studies on chemical structure, modes of action and residual effects is needed to unravel their applicability and effectiveness in the field conditions.
Business Process Re-Engineering: Phases and Change Methodologies
Authors: Ahmed Mustafa Shiraz , Janjua Naeem
Published: March 2019

Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) does not merely represent change — it means dramatic change. BPR necessitates a complete change in organizational structures, management systems, employee responsibilities and performance measurements, incentive systems, skill development, and the use of Information Technology (IT). It affects every single aspect of doing business. At one level, BPR can be regarded as the difference between complete failure and enviable success. The following discussion includes the methods commonly employed by BPR experts and optional activities proposed by management consulting firms. BPR methods, procedures, and tasks are being identified to assist those organizations that are determined to face the unique challenges facing their respective industry, people and culture.
Online Financial Trading System Management
Authors: Rizvi Syed Mohsin Mujtaba , Zahid Asher
Published: March 2019

Ever since the dotcom bubble burst and the world economy slowed down, financial IT product companies have found it hard to survive. This paper discusses the marketing strategy and company profile that is required to survive these uncertain times. The most difficult of the products to sell and market in these times would be a web- based product for the financial industry. The events § 9/11 provided a ray of hope for such products in the expanding markets of the Middle East and North Africa. In this paper, marketing plan of one such software development company, that designs and develops financial products, is outlined for the Middle East financial industry.
Study of Pakistan Election System as “Intelligent e-Election”
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Laghari Javaid
Published: March 2019

The proposed election system lies in ensuring that it is transparent and impartial. Those who rule must be true representative of people. Thus while the electoral svstem may vary from country to country, It has to take into account the peculiarities of every society while at the same time incorporating remedies to problems prevailing in the system. The Electoral process expressed serious concerns regarding the independence of the Election Commission of Pakistan, the restrictions on political parties and their candidates, the misuse of state resources, some unbalanced coverage in the state media, deficiencies in the compilation of the votin register and significant problems relating to the provision of ID cards. The holding of a general election does not in itself guarantee the restoration of democracy. The unjustified interference with electoral arrangements, as detailed above, irrespective of the alleged motivation, resulted in serious flaws being inflicted on the electoral process. Additionally, questions remain as to whether or not there will be a full transfer of power from a military to civilian administration. The Independent study has following modules:Login/Subscription Module, Candidate Subscription Module, Vote casting Module, Administration Module and Intelligent decision data analysis Module.
Buffer Overflow Exploits
Authors: Farooq Khurram , Ugaili Ayaz
Published: March 2019

The focus of this Study is on providing an understanding of buffer overflows, the ways they are exploited, and ways to prevent attackers from abusing them. Although this problem has been around for decades, the devastating effects have been downplayed by the commercial organizations due to the fact that they require a lot of effort to trace and to fix. This has led to a flood of software on the market which claims to be secure, yet can be exploited by wily hackers. As our reliance on closed-source and proprietary systems increases, we have to face the facts that there could be a myriad of security vulnerabilities in the very tools we use to protect critical data. To be informed is to be better armed.
A Marketing Mix Model for Pharmaceutical Industry — A Pakistani Perspective
Authors: Sattar Irfan , Maqsood Azra
Published: March 2019

This study attempts to create a model, which explain the relationship between different elements of marketing mix with special reference to pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan. All the four P’s have been discussed at length to understand the unique characteristics of pharmaceutical marketing mix, and the differences they possess as compared to general marketing. This study forms the basis of developing more detailed text for pharmaceutical marketing.
Grid Technology: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations
Authors: Khan Imran , Tauheed Nasir
Published: March 2019

“Grid” computing has emerged as an important new field, distinguished from conventional distributed computing by its focus on large-scale resource sharing, innovativeapplications, and, in some cases, high-performance orientation. In this report, we define this new field. First, we review the “Grid problem,” which we define as flexible,secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamiccollections of individuals, institutions, and resources—what we refer to as virtual organizations. We describerequirements that we believe any such mechanisms must satisfy and we discuss the importance of defining a compact set of intergrid protocols to enable interoperability among different Grid systems. Finally, we discuss how Gridtechnologies relate to other contemporary technologies,including enterprise integration, application serviceprovider, storage service provider, and peer-to-peer computing. We maintain that Grid concepts and technologies complement and have much to contribute to these otherapproaches.
Significance of Sharing Information using Websites for Educational Institutions in Pakistan
Authors: Jamil Muhammad Kamran , Hussain Syed Asad
Published: March 2019

Technology is now a key factor in driving the economies of the world. Whether it is the field of pure or medical sciences; management or social science; technology’sinvolvement and influence is there. Technology and its fast adoption have not only changed the traditional way ofdoing businesses but also directly affected the individual personalities, societies and nations. It has increased the efficiency, horizon the span of knowledge andstrengthened the medium of information seeking. Websites being an essential tool of information technology haveaffected all industries. As web technology facilitatesinformation and knowledge sharing therefore very much relevant and most applicable to educational institutions. Educational institutions use websites to share information with prospective students, existing students, researcherand else whosoever is interested to know about theinstitution. Likewise website of other organizations where organizations try to promote and introduce their product and services, educational websites also make efforts to transfer institution’s related information to the public specially those mentioned above. As InformationTechnology has changed the way of doing business,similarly, it has changed the traditional way of seeking knowledge. Unlimited educational information is available through Internet, which does not only facilitate students and researchers to get online information but also help them to share information and views across the borders. With the innovation of Internet technology and its wide usage, there is no physical barrier to information and knowledge. Due to removal of this barrier organizations’ emphasis towards hiring and employing “knowledge workers” has been increased.
The Role of Digital Image Processing in Telecommunications
Authors: Haider Najmi G.
Published: March 2019

Image processing involves the use of techniques developed for manipulating images with the objective of enhancing some aspect of interest in the image. The type of image depends on the sensor used to capture the image, ie. camera, spectral, radar, sonar, thermal. This paper considers the role of image processing in applications in telecommunications involving the acquisition and transmission of images from large distances. These images are processed using algorithms developed on computers to enable the interpretation of the data. Such applications include images of distant planets transmitted by space probes, remote sensing applications of which there are several specialized areas such as monitoring and exploration of the earth’s natural resources (eg. vegetation, oceanography, mineral exploration, atmospheric ozone layer etc.), weather forecasting, map making, military intelligence. Image processing vastly adds to the effective use of these applications. Cellular phones now have the capability to capture and transmit images. Though it would require substantially more processing power than is present in cellular phones now, it is suggested given the developments in information technology, it should become possible to build lip reading capability and speech recognition capability in cellular phones. The cellular phone has all the hardware requirements for acquisition of both the audio and visual data. Designing lip reading capability in cell phones could make it possible for the mute persons to communicate with others via cell phone. Combined with speech recognition, this would enable voice communication to be made over low bandwidth channels. However, the present state of audio and visual speech recognition technology will need to attain significantly better performance than what is achievable today. This paper reviews the applications of image processing, its implementation, and image processing algorithms.
Development of TFC Market in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Yousfani Abdul Majid , Hussain Syed Asad
Published: March 2019

This paper discusses the need for corporate debt market in the financial structure of a country with a view to find a rationale through the use of cost-benefits analysis framework. An analysis of the corporate debt market of Pakistan has been included to develop models, identify problem areas / factors inhibiting its growth and recommend measures for facilitating solid, sound and strong market in the country. It also includes a financial market maturity model that can be applied to the developing and emerging economies of the world.
Transforms for Speech Recognition
Authors: Haider Najmi G.
Published: March 2019

In speech processing applications the microphone acts as a transducer to convert sound to an electrical signal which is further converted to a sequence of discrete samples for digital processing. In this raw form the signal does not show readily discernable useful features, and therefore mathematical transformations have been developed to obtain further information that clearly demonstrates characteristics that can be attributed to various types of sounds comprising speech. This is fundamental to the front-end design of all speech recognizers. The importance of an effective and efficient transform for the speech signal is of prime importance since weaknesses at this foundation stage will undoubtedly impair the performance of the following stages. This paper discusses transforms for the speech signal with application to Automatic Speech Recognition. It reviews commonly used representations and modifications made to enhance their performance, and other transforms developed for speech processing and recognition.
Marketing Strategies in Rural India – Lessons for Asian Nations
Authors: Sharma Sandhir
Published: March 2019

A vast majority of India lives in villages. With the change in the size of demand of products, based on the geographical factors, the corporate circle of India has been compelled to give their attention to the markets in the rural India. The markets which were hitherto, ignored and untapped by the corporate world, gained prominence because of the simple reason of its vast potentiality and the run away success of certain consumer goods which were targeted to the consumers in the urban markets for several decades. Much confusion has been associated, in fact with the word rural as there is no accepted definition for the term and the perceptions of many do for significantly. For some, rural means the places with less than one lakh population. National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) considered income as a basis to establish the rural segment. It has taken the groups with income levels of less than Rs. 11,000 per annum as representatives of rural segments. To some, it is smaller towns and areas having population of less than 10,000 persons. Likewise, the definitions of rural markets vary from company to company. This confusion leads to distorted understanding of the problems of rural marketing, poor diagnosis and more often than not poor prescription. The paper contributes the different perspectives and ideas containing various marketing strategies for the corporates planning to enter into the rural markets.
Potential Barriers in Management of Refurbishment Projects
Authors: Arain Faisal
Published: March 2019

The study presents the sources of the barriers in management of refurbishment projects that may cause delays and escalate costs. To achieve the study objectives, the information was acquired through personal interviews and in-depth discussions with the architects and contractors of the seven refurbishment projects selected in eastern province of Saudi Arabia. It addresses issues often overlooked by the management team in a refurbishment project during the design, document preparation, and construction stages. The twelve most important sources of barriers were the degradation of undamaged materials over time, formidable variations to original structure, salvaged materials, conflict between responsibilities and liabilities, missing design information, illogical imposed conditions, selecting contract types, improper site survey, concurrent operation by owners, selection of contractor, escalated costs and delays during refurbishment, and underpayment for architect’s services were revealed from the in-depth interviews and discussion with the architects and the contractors of the refurbishment projects. Reasons for these problems of management are reviewed with emphasis on the role of the architect in avoiding underestimation of required work during the stages of the project. Recommendations are given to minimize ambiguities in the scope of the work and avoid disputes among the parties to the contract. This can be achieved by employing an experienced architect and by making sound prompt decisions through out the project lifecycle.