bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Endogenous Retroviruses in the Subfamily of Caprinae
Authors: Moawad Ali Shoaib , Wang Fengxu , Zheng Yao , Chen Cai , Saleh Ahmed A. , Hou Jian , Song Chengyi
Published: March 2024

The interest in endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) has been fueled by their impact on the evolution of the host genome. In this study, we used multiple pipelines to conduct a de novo exploration and annotation of ERVs in 13 species of the Caprinae subfamily. Through analyses of sequence identity, structural organization, and phylogeny, we defined 28 ERV groups within Caprinae, including 19 gamma retrovirus groups and 9 beta retrovirus groups. Notably, we identified four recent and potentially active groups prevalent in the Caprinae genomes. Additionally, our investigation revealed that most long noncoding genes (lncRNA) and protein-coding genes (PC) contain ERV-derived sequences. Specifically, we observed that ERV-derived sequences were present in approximately 75% of protein-coding genes and 81% of lncRNA genes in sheep. Similarly, in goats, ERV-derived sequences were found in approximately 74% of protein-coding genes and 75% of lncRNA genes. Our findings lead to the conclusion that the majority of ERVs in the Caprinae genomes can be categorized as fossils, representing remnants of past retroviral infections that have become permanently integrated into the genomes. Nevertheless, the identification of the Cap_ERV_20, Cap_ERV_21, Cap_ERV_24, and Cap_ERV_25 groups indicates the presence of relatively recent and potentially active ERVs in these genomes. These particular groups may contribute to the ongoing evolution of the Caprinae genome. The identification of putatively active ERVs in the Caprinae genomes raises the possibility of harnessing them for future genetic marker development.
Understanding Low Vaccine Uptake in the Context of Public Health in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Etowa Josephine , Beauchamp Sheryl , Fseifes Manal , Osandatuwa Glory , Brenneman Paul , Salam-Alada Kudirat , Sulaiman Rasheedaht , Okolie Emmanuella , Dinneh Ihechi , Julmisse Samora , Cole Victoria
Published: March 2024

Although the COVID-19 pandemic has caused the need for the largest mass vaccination campaign ever undertaken to date, African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) populations have shown both a disproportionately high degree of negative impacts from the pandemic and the lowest willingness to become vaccinated. This scoping review aims to investigate low vaccine uptake in ACB populations relative to public health in high-income countries. A search was conducted in MEDLINE(R) ALL (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), APA PsycInfo (OvidSP), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (OvidSP), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (OvidSP), the Allied and Complimentary Medicine Database (Ovid SP), and the Web of Science following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework for scoping reviews, supplemented by PRISMA-ScR. Theoretical underpinnings of the intersectionality approach were also used to help interpret the complexities of health inequities in the ACB population. The eligibility criteria were based on the population, concept, context (PCC) framework, and publications from 2020–19 July 2022 which discussed vaccine uptake amongst ACB people in high-income countries were included. Analysis was carried out through thematic mapping and produced four main themes: (1) racism and inequities, (2) sentiments and behaviors, (3) knowledge and communication, and (4) engagement and influence. This study has contributed to the identification and definition of the issue of low vaccine uptake in ACB populations and has illustrated the complexity of the problems, as vaccine access is hampered by knowledge, psychological, socioeconomic, and organizational barriers at the individual, organizational, and systemic levels, leading to structural inequities that have manifested as low vaccine uptake.
Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Responses in a Vaccinated COVID-19-Naive Population
Authors: Pitiriga Vassiliki C. , Papamentzelopoulou Myrto , Konstantinakou Kanella E. , Vasileiou Irene V. , Konstantinidis Alexandros D. , Spyrou Natalia I. , Tsakris Athanasios
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Exploring T cell response duration is pivotal for understanding immune protection evolution in natural SARS-CoV-2 infections. The objective of the present study was to analyze the T cell immune response over time in individuals who were both vaccinated and COVID-19-naive and had undetectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies at the time of testing. Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive analysis using data extracted from the electronic medical records of consecutive adult individuals who underwent COVID-19 immunity screening at a private healthcare center from September 2021 to September 2022. The study participants were divided into three groups according to the post-vaccination time period, as follows: group A (up to 3 months), group B (3–6 months), and group C (>6 months). T cell response was evaluated using the IGRA methodology T-SPOT®.COVID. Results: Of the total number of subjects (n = 165), 60/165 (36.4%) had been vaccinated in the last 3 months (group A), 57/165 (34.5%) between 3 and 6 months (group B), and 48/165 (29.1%) at least 6 months prior to the examination day (group C). T cell positivity was reported in 33/60 (55.0%) of group A, 45/57 (78.9%) of group B, and 36/48 (75%) of group C (p < 0.007). No statistically significant differences were revealed in the spot-forming cell (SFC) count among groups, with mean SFC counts of 75.96 for group A, 89.92 for group B, and 83.58 for group C (Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.278). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cellular immunity following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may endure for at least six months, even in the presence of declining or absent IgG antibody levels.
Effect of the Season on Blood Changes of Oxidative Stress Index in the Italian Mediterranean Buffalo (Bubalis bubalis)
Authors: De Matteis Giovanna , Flores-Villalva Susana , Rossi Emanuela , La Mantia Maria Chiara , Steri Roberto , Barile Vittoria Lucia , Meo Zilio David
Published: March 2024

Studies in cattle have shown that high temperatures increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing an imbalance between ROS and the ability of antioxidant systems to detoxify and remove the reactive intermediates. As such studies remain limited in buffalo, the effect of temperature on oxidative stress was investigated through the oxidative stress index (OSi). Blood samples were collected from 40 buffaloes over 12 time points distributed over two years (2021, 2022). Samples were taken monthly during the hot and cold seasons. Plasma free oxygen radicals were determined using the d-ROMs test (Diacron, Italy), modified for a microplate procedure, and the results were expressed in arbitrary Carratelli Units (U.CARR). Plasma antioxidants were determined by using the BAP test (Diacron) in a dedicated spectrophotometer (Carpe Diem Free, Diacron). The OSi parameter was calculated as d-ROMs/BAP × 100. Temperature and humidity were recorded daily during the trial to calculate the Temperature Humidity Index (THI). For statistical analysis, year and season and their interactions were included in the model. The results of this study showed for the first time the effect of season on the oxidative stress in buffalo. The minimum and maximum THI values for the hot and cold season recorded during the experimental period were 79.27 ± 2.20 and 63.42 ± 3.20, respectively. Levels of d-ROMs and BAP were affected by the seasons (133.0 vs. 145.1 U.CARR, p = 0.0189, and 2489.19 vs. 2392.43 mml/L, p = 0.033, in the hot and cold season, respectively). A significant year × season interaction was found both for d-ROMs and BAP (p = 0.06 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Moreover, OSi was affected by season, showing a growing trend from hot to cold season (5.35 vs. 6.17, p < 0.0001), but, interestingly, it was unaffected by annual variation. Therefore, Osi could be considered a better and independent marker of oxidative status in buffalo, with respect to the evaluation of single determinations of d-ROMs and BAP. Lastly, there were no differences in the plasma 25OHD levels between seasons; concentrations were 12.24 and 10.26 ng/mL in the hot and cold season, respectively.
How Environmental Regulation Affects Rural Residents’ Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Domestic Sewage Treatment: Mediating and Interaction Effects
Authors: Jiao Jian , Yang Zihong , Shi Boyang , Dogot Thomas , Azadi Hossein , Xu Ke , Yin Changbin
Published: March 2024

Exploring the construction of effective payment mechanisms for rural residents could break the dilemma of the value of a single investment by the government in environmental governance and promote the process of sustainable rural domestic sewage treatment (RDST). The effects of environmental regulations have been roughly approved; however, their influence mechanisms on rural residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) and payment level for sustainable RDST have not been fully revealed. Based on a database of 744 respondents, an integrated model was developed to verify the heterogeneous effects of three environmental regulations on rural residents’ WTP and further explore their interaction effects and impact mechanisms. In addition, there is an urgent necessity to explore the effectiveness of implementing different combinations of environmental regulations. Our results indicated that, firstly, the guiding regulation and incentive regulation promoted rural residents’ WTP and payment level, whereas the binding regulation had a limited impact on individuals. Secondly, rural residents’ cognition mediated the effect of the environmental regulations on their WTP and payment level. Lastly, the guiding and incentive regulations showed a substitution relationship, while both guiding and binding regulations as well as incentive and binding regulations revealed a complementary relationship. The implications of these results indicate the importance of strengthening the public attention on the environmental and health hazards of rural domestic sewage and effectively raising rural residents’ environmental cognition and environmental protection awareness, thereby increasing their WTP and payment level for sustainable RDST. This study provides credible references and recommendations for environmental regulations’ formulation and policy optimization for RDST, as well as for the construction of payment systems for rural residents, and inspiration for rural environment management in other developing countries.
Operating Force Characteristics of Sector Gates Based on Prototype Testing
Authors: Zhang Shouyuan , Wang Xin , Ma Haitao
Published: March 2024

With the widespread use of sector gates in tidal river locks, there is a growing interest in the operating force during the gate operation. This study investigates the characteristics of operating forces in a sector gate hydraulic cylinder system using prototype testing and focuses on the effects of different heads and flow velocities under the operating forces. The results reveal significant differences in the opening processes between normal and reverse heads, with head differentials and direction playing crucial roles in determining the operating force under flowing conditions. In still water, both gate opening and closing processes are divided into four and three stages, respectively, with the operating force remaining stable during the low-force operation stage. In particular, during gate closure under flowing conditions, flow velocity emerges as a key factor influencing the operating force, with the force during the small gate opening stage exhibiting a parabolic relationship with flow velocity. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and selection of hydraulic gate control systems, contributing to the safe operation of gates and efficient navigation of waterways.
Time Series Analysis of Water Quality Factors Enhancing Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs): A Study Integrating In-Situ and Satellite Data, Vaal Dam, South Africa
Authors: Obaid Altayeb A. , Adam Elhadi M. , Ali K. Adem , Abiye Tamiru A.
Published: March 2024

The Vaal Dam catchment, which is the source of potable water for Gauteng province, is characterized by diverse human activities, and the dam encounters significant nutrient input from multiple sources within its catchment. As a result, there has been a rise in Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) within the reservoir of the dam. In this study, we employed time series analysis on nutrient data to explore the relationship between HABs, using chlorophyll-a (Chl−a) as a proxy, and nutrient levels. Additionally, Chl−a data extracted from Landsat-8 satellite images was utilized to visualize the spatial distribution of HABs in the reservoir. Our findings revealed that HAB productivity in the Vaal Dam is influenced by the levels of total phosphorus (TP) and organic nitrogen (KJEL_N), which exhibited a positive correlation with chlorophyll-a (Chl−a) concentration. Long-term analysis of Chl−a in-situ data (1986–2022) collected at a specific point within the reservoir showed an average concentration of 11.25 μg/L. However, on certain stochastic dates, Chl−a concentration spiked to very high values, reaching a maximum of 452.8 μg/L, coinciding with elevated records of TP and KJEL_N concentrations on those dates, indicating their effect on productivity levels. The decadal time series and trend analysis demonstrated an increasing trend in Chl−a productivity over the studied period, rising from 4.75 μg/L in the first decade (1990–2000) to 10.51 μg/L in the second decade (2000–2010), and reaching 16.7 μg/L in the last decade (2010–2020). The rising averages of the decadal values were associated with increasing decadal averages of its driving factors, TP from 0.1043 to 0.1096 to 0.1119 mg/L for the three decades, respectively, and KJEL_N from 0.80 mg/L in the first decade to 1.14 mg/L in the last decade. Satellite data analysis during the last decade revealed that the spatial dynamics of HABs are influenced by the dam’s geometry and the levels of discharge from its two feeding rivers, with higher concentrations observed in meandering areas of the reservoir and within zones of restricted water circulation.
The Applicability of the Drought Index and Analysis of Spatiotemporal Evolution Mechanisms of Drought in the Poyang Lake Basin
Authors: Gui Zihan , Qi Heshuai , Gui Faliang , Zheng Baoxian , Wang Shiwu , Bai Hua
Published: March 2024

Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, is an important regional water resource and a landmark ecosystem. In recent years, it has experienced a period of prolonged drought. Using appropriate drought indices to describe the drought characteristics of the Poyang Lake Basin (PLB) is of great practical significance in the face of severe drought situations. This article explores the applicability of four drought indices (including the precipitation anomaly index (PJP), standardized precipitation index (SPI), China Z-index (CPZI), and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI)) based on historical facts. A systematic study was conducted on the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of meteorological drought in the PLB based on the optimal drought index. The results show that SPI is more suitable for the description of drought characteristics in the PLB. Meteorological droughts occur frequently in the summer and autumn in the PLB, with the frequency of mild drought being 17.29% and 16.88%, respectively. The impact range of severe drought or worse reached 22.19% and 28.33% of the entire basin, respectively. The probability of drought occurrence in the PLB shows an increasing trend in spring, while in most areas, it shows a decreasing trend in other seasons, with only a slight increase in the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River (UGR). One of the important factors influencing drought in the PLB is atmospheric circulation. The abnormal variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High was one of the key factors contributing to the severe drought in the PLB in 2022. This study is based on a long-term series of meteorological data and selects the drought index for the PLB. It describes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and evolution patterns of drought and investigates the developmental path and influencing factors of drought in typical years. This study provides a reliable scientific basis for similar watershed water resource management.
NHS national data opt-outs: trends and potential consequences for health data research
Authors: Tazare John , Henderson Alasdair D , Morley Jessica , Blake Helen A , McDonald Helen I , Williamson Elizabeth J , Strongman Helen
Published: March 2024

Background

The English NHS data opt-out allows people to prevent use of their health data for purposes other than direct care. In 2021, the number of opt-outs increased in response to government-led proposals to create a centralised pseudonymised primary care record database.

Aim

To describe the potential impact of NHS national data opt-outs in 2021 on health data research.

Design & setting

We conducted a descriptive analysis of opt-outs using publicly available data and the potential consequences on research are discussed.

Method

Trends in opt-outs in England were described by age, sex, and region. Using a hypothetical study, we explored statistical and epidemiological implications of opt-outs.

Results

During the lead up to a key government-led deadline for registering opt-outs (from 31 May 2021–30 June 2021), 1 339 862 national data opt-outs were recorded; increasing the percentage of opt-outs in England from 2.77% to 4.97% of the population. Among females, percentage opt-outs increased by 83% (from 3.02% to 5.53%) compared with 76% in males (from 2.51% to 4.41%). Across age groups, the highest relative increase was among people aged 40–49 years, which rose from 2.89% to 6.04%. Considerable geographical variation was not clearly related to deprivation. Key research consequences of opt-outs include reductions in sample size and unpredictable distortion of observed measures of the frequency of health events or associations between these events.

Conclusion

Opt-out rates varied by age, sex, and place. The impact of this and variation by other characteristics on research is not quantifiable. Potential effects of opt-outs on research and consequences for health policies based on this research must be considered when creating future opt-out solutions.
Diagnóstico, estadiamento e tratamento de Canis familiares lupus com doença renal crônica atendidos em um hospital veterinário privado em Belém, Pará no ano de 2022
Authors: Brito Flávia Maiara da Silva , Oliveira Ana Carla Alcântara , Bernal Marcella Katheryne Marques , Santo Iara Fernanda Lima do Espírito , Ribeiro Breno Berg Farias , Santos Danielly da Silva , Da Silva Hertel Barros
Published: March 2024

A doença renal crônica acomete a morfofisiologia renal pelo intervalo mínimo de três meses até lesionar 60% dos rins e manifestar os primeiros sinais clínicos. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de relacionar as alterações encontradas nos exames de hemograma, bioquímicos e ultrassonografia abdominal de cães renais crônicos atendidos no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2022 em um Hospital veterinário privado em Belém/Pará. Os animais foras estadiados seguindo as diretrizes da International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) conforme o valor de creatinina e Dimetilarginina (SDMA) separadamente.Apresentando 31,3% (27/86) animais no estádio 1, 13,9% (12/86) animais no estádio 2, 24,4% (21/86) no estádio 3 e 24,4% (21/86) no estádio 4. Durante a análise dos dados foram considerados 66,6% (54/81) animais azotêmicos, 66,07% (37/56) com acidose metabólica, 66,6% (34/51) proteinúricos, 44,8% (35/78) hipertensos ou severamente hipertensos e 81,48% (66/81) manifestaram anemia. Os principais sintomas clínicos foram gastrointestinais e o tratamento foi voltado para as sintomatologias. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 0,29% (25/86).
Riscos e efeitos adversos de suplementos alimentares e medicamentos utilizados para perda de peso
Authors: Moreira Eduardo Vinicius França , Nogueira Felipe Chalella
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Analisar os riscos e efeitos adversos associados a suplementos alimentares e medicamentos comumente utilizados para perda de peso. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão abrangente da literatura científica, incluindo artigos, revisões sistemáticas e diretrizes de organizações de saúde, através de bases de dados como PubMed, ScienceDirect e Google Scholar. Não foram estabelecidos critérios temporais rígidos, priorizando-se a relevância e atualidade das informações. Resultados: Suplementos Alimentares: Termogênicos como cafeína e extrato de chá verde mostraram efeitos adversos, incluindo problemas cardiovasculares e hepáticos. Outros, como o Ácido Linoleico Conjugado (CLA) e fibras solúveis, apresentaram resultados mistos em termos de eficácia e segurança. Medicamentos: Fármacos como Orlistat, Liraglutida e Semaglutida demonstraram eficácia na perda de peso, mas acompanhados de efeitos colaterais, incluindo desconforto gastrointestinal, risco de pancreatite e, em alguns casos, problemas cardiovasculares. Discussão: A eficácia e segurança dos suplementos e medicamentos para emagrecimento variam. Enquanto alguns podem oferecer benefícios, outros apresentam riscos significativos. A individualização do tratamento e a supervisão médica são cruciais. Conclusão: A seleção de métodos para perda de peso deve ser cuidadosa, com ênfase na consulta e acompanhamento por profissionais de saúde. Embora existam opções eficazes, a avaliação dos riscos e benefícios é essencial para um tratamento seguro e efetivo.
Análise dos suplementos alimentares de alto risco utilizados para ganho de massa muscular
Authors: Flores Rogger Miguel Salazar , Peixoto Paulo Henrique Alves , Grassi Andrei , Amado Wadih Rodrigues Assunção Vilela , Lopes Valeria Leal Braulio , De Simone Thays Valentim
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo empreende uma análise profunda e crítica da atual literatura científica referente à utilização de suplementos alimentares de alto risco, frequentemente buscados para acelerar o ganho de massa muscular. Em um mercado de suplementos alimentares que se expande vertiginosamente, a proliferação de produtos que garantem progressos notáveis no que tange à hipertrofia muscular tem sido uma constante. No entanto, é alarmante notar que uma proporção significativa destes produtos apresenta uma correlação com uma miríade de perigos para a saúde, tanto física quanto psicológica. Esta revisão tem como escopo desvelar, com base em evidências científicas sólidas, a verdadeira extensão dos riscos embutidos na utilização desses suplementos, destacando particularmente a segurança, ou a falta dela, e a eficácia desses produtos. O trabalho enfatiza a necessidade urgente de uma abordagem mais consciente e informada por parte dos consumidores, além de uma regulamentação mais rígida no setor de suplementos alimentares, para garantir que a saúde e o bem-estar não sejam comprometidos em nome de ganhos musculares rápidos. Conclui-se que é imperativo promover práticas mais seguras e éticas na indústria de suplementos, com uma consideração meticulosa dos potenciais prejuízos que esses suplementos podem infligir, incentivando assim uma busca mais segura e saudável pelo desenvolvimento físico.
Evolução dos métodos diagnósticos na tuberculose: impacto na detecção e gestão da doença
Authors: Franco Carlos José Matos , De Macedo Ana Glace Magalhães , Ferreira Antonia Roberlene Ribeiro , De Sá Argentina Santos , Ximenes Eloide de Sousa Duarte , Moreira Ismênia Maria Marques , Gomes Lucineide Pires , Leão Vinicius Diniz , Laudelino Jadson Soares
Published: March 2024

A tuberculose (TB), causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continua sendo uma das principais doenças infecciosas e causas de mortalidade em todo o mundo. Este artigo oferece uma análise detalhada dos avanços significativos no diagnóstico da TB ao longo das últimas décadas, enfatizando como essas inovações transformaram o panorama da detecção e gestão da doença. A revisão abrange desde os métodos diagnósticos convencionais, como a baciloscopia e cultura, até os avanços tecnológicos mais recentes, como o teste molecular Xpert MTB/RIF e os testes de liberação de interferon-gama (IGRA). Além disso, discute-se o impacto desses avanços no aprimoramento da precisão diagnóstica, redução do tempo para o início do tratamento, e suas implicações em termos de saúde pública global, como a melhoria do controle da doença e redução da transmissão da TB.
Fatores envolvidos no sucesso da intubação orotraqueal na faixa etária pediátrica: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Pereira Larissa Brito , Pereira Lorena Brito , Pereira Lidianny Brito , E Silva Lorahana Silvestre Pereira Vilas Bôas
Published: March 2024

Introdução: A intubação orotraqueal (IOT) é uma intervenção comumente executada nos centros cirúrgicos tanto em adultos como em crianças. O difícil manejo das vias aéreas pediátricas promovem um maior risco de hipoxemia e outras complicações durante o período pré-anestésico. Objetivos: Avaliar quais são os fatores relacionados a um adequado manejo de vias aéreas na faixa etária pediátrica. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa na base de dados PUBMED utilizando os descritores “Anesthesia and pediatric and Intubation’’ para artigos publicados entre 2018 e 2024. Resultados: o sucesso na abordagem de via aérea pediátrica envolve tanto o período pré como intra anestésico. A escolha do tubo orotraqueal adequado é um dos fundamentos essenciais para o sucesso na consolidação da via aérea. As vias aéreas devem ser classificadas antes da abordagem de fato. A videlolaringoscopia favorece maiores taxas de sucesso. Conclusão: A abordagem do anestesista deve ocorrer conhecendo as especificidades do paciente, bem como as dificuldades inerentes ao procedimento. A educação e treinamento continuados é fator elementar para aumento das taxas de sucesso.
Effect of light curing units on color stability and mechanical properties of resin cements after aging
Authors: Farina Morgana Fernandes de Freitas , Moda Mariana Dias , Fagundes Ticiane Cestari , Briso André Luiz Fraga , Dos Santos Paulo Henrique
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the color stability, Martens hardness (HMV), and modulus of elasticity (Eit*) of resin cements light-cured using two types of light-emitting diodes (LED) subjected to ultraviolet (UV) aging. Two resin cements were used: light-cured (RelyX Veener) and dual-cured (Variolink II). Forty discs were confectioned for each resin cement (with a diameter of 5 mm and thickness of 1.5 mm). Half of the samples were light-cured by a Radii-cal singlewave and the other half by a Valo® polywave. The specimens were then stored at 37 °C and 100% relative humidity for 24 h to ensure complete polymerization. Baseline evaluations of the color alteration, HMV, and Eit* were performed. The specimens were aged for 252 h in an UV-accelerated aging chamber. Then, a final analysis was performed. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed on the color changes. Meanwhile, three-way repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Tukey´s test was performed on HMV and Eit* to compare the means (α = 0.05). With regard to the color alteration (ΔE), there was no statistically significant difference between the materials or between the light curing units (p > 0.05). With regard to the mechanical properties, Valo® promoted high values of HMV and Eit* compared with Radii-cal (p < 0.05). With regard to the resin cements, Variolink II showed higher HMV and Eit* values than RelyX Veneer (p < 0.05), except for Eit* after UV aging. The light-curing unit influenced the mechanical properties but not the color stability of the resin cements.
Superbactérias: sistema imunológico, mecanismos de defesa e o consumo indiscriminado de antibióticos
Authors: Caires Laryssa Thompson Vieira , Tavares Antonio José Pompeu de Campos Neto , Calmo Bianca , Servin Daniella Pimenta Noguera , Servin Gabrielle Pimenta Noguera , Vian Jhonatan Negri , Machado Joao Felipe Tavares , Garcia Luiza Fernandes , Galindo Mateus Eduardo Pereira , Alshami Paula , Mendonça Tarso Braz , Mendonça Thiago Braz , Mendonça Thiago Braz , Oliveira Verônica da Costa , Sponchiado Vitória Sari
Published: March 2024

A partir do momento em que os microrganismos exercem total influência no contexto de uma sociedade, torna-se necessário um conhecimento mais amplo da microbiologia. Os referidos microrganismos são seres vivos, conhecidos como bactérias. O sistema imune se divide entre inato e adaptativo respondendo de forma especializada e diferenciada a partir da apresentação de cada tipo de microrganismo. A utilização de antibióticos/antimicrobianos é conhecida desde a descoberta da penicilina, uma classe específica de fármaco. Quando se trata de bactérias mais resistentes, tal fato exige uma necessidade urgente da promoção de uso racional de antimicrobianos. A questão de resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos tornou-se atualmente um problema de saúde pública preocupante e relevante, onde uma média de 10 milhões de mortes irão ocorrer até o ano de 2050. No geral as doenças infecciosas são provocadas por determinados microrganismos que se multiplicam no corpo após sua invasão, por meio das mucosas, contato sexual, ferimentos abertos ou contaminação de dispositivos médicos. Bactéria resistente é o termo utilizado quando não acontece uma inibição apropriada dos microrganismos a partir da concentração farmacológica habitual que o sangue ou tecido consegue absorver adequadamente. Estudos evidenciam que a resistência de bactérias vem da utilização dos antimicrobianos, principalmente quando é analisado dentro do um contexto de altas doses consumidas.
Associação entre o uso de substâncias psicoativas e transtornos de ansiedade e depressão
Authors: Da Paz Ayana Cavalcante , Barros Artur Bandeira Cardoso , Melo Juliana Carcará Franco de Sá , Lima Maurílio Batista
Published: March 2024

Introdução: O transtorno por uso de substância psicoativa (SPA) envolve a incapacidade de moderar ou suspender uso. Além dos comprometimentos sociais, provoca agravos como depressão e ansiedade. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre os usuários de substâncias psicoativas e a presença de transtornos psiquiátricos de ansiedade e depressão. Métodos: A pesquisa é de abordagem quantitativa, transversal e descritiva. Foi realizada com os usuários de SPA internados na Unidade Integrada de Saúde do Mocambinho, Teresina-PI, no período de setembro de 2022 a setembro de 2023. Resultados: No período analisado, houve 67 pacientes usuários que ficaram em regime de internação. Sendo que 58 destes compuseram a amostra do estudo. Dentre eles, houve uma prevalência de 89,65% de consumo de álcool, 56,89% de maconha, 67,24% de crack e cocaína, e 12,06 % de heroína. A frequência de consumo da maioria dos participantes foi durante todos os dias, respondendo a 44,82% da amostra, e o maior tempo de uso foi de 38 anos. O principal motivo do consumo se deu a partir da influência de amigos próximos, e os agravos mentais possíveis e prováveis aos pacientes foram observados em 87,94% da amostra.Conclusão: Indivíduos que fazem uso de SPA, apresentam forte incidência de sintomas ansioso e depressivos, devido potencial depressor dessas drogas, devido aos quadros de abstinência, como também as repercussões sociais causadas na vida desses pacientes por conta do uso abusivo dessas substâncias.
Biomechanical modifications of the musculoskeletal system: the stepping stone towards human evolution
Authors: De Oliveira Felipe Alves , Chemin Renan Nogueira , Freitas Rafael Bringe
Published: March 2024

The evolutionary sequence of our ape ancestors resulted in a series of morphologic, developmental, physiologic, and behavioral changes in the human body. In this sense, no other system underwent such deep changes in the development of the human species as the musculoskeletal system. This article aims to understand how bones, muscles, and other soft tissues have evolved around the hip, limbs, and spine in the human lineage, and how this can be helpful to better understand injuries by overuse patterns.
Transplantation of Stem Cell Spheroid-Laden 3-Dimensional Patches with Bioadhesives for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jeon Hye Ran , Kang Jeon Il , Bhang Suk Ho , Park Kyung Min , Kim Dong-Ik
Published: March 2024

Myocardial infarction (MI) is treated with stem cell transplantation using various biomaterials and methods, such as stem cell/spheroid injections, cell sheets, and cardiac patches. However, current treatment methods have some limitations, including low stem cell engraftment and poor therapeutic effects. Furthermore, these methods cause secondary damage to heart due to injection and suturing to immobilize them in the heart, inducing side effects. In this study, we developed stem cell spheroid-laden 3-dimensional (3D) patches (S_3DP) with biosealant to treat MI. This 3D patch has dual modules, such as open pockets to directly deliver the spheroids with their paracrine effects and closed pockets to improve the engraft rate by protecting the spheroid from harsh microenvironments. The spheroids formed within S_3DP showed increased viability and expression of angiogenic factors compared to 2-dimensional cultured cells. We also fabricated gelatin-based tissue adhesive biosealants via a thiol-ene reaction and disulfide bond formation. This biosealant showed stronger tissue adhesiveness than commercial fibrin glue. Furthermore, we successfully applied S_3DP using a biosealant in a rat MI model without suturing in vivo, thereby improving cardiac function and reducing heart fibrosis. In summary, S_3DP and biosealant have excellent potential as advanced stem cell therapies with a sutureless approach to MI treatment.
Acerca de la Importancia del Pensamiento Rizomático en la Educación para la Sostenibilidad e Inteligencia Artificial
Authors: Sandoval Jorge Lescano , Sena Lucia Emperatriz Valdéz , Valdez Lucia Emperatriz Lescano , García José Tomas Mendoza , Reyes Juan Carlos Urcariegui , Vega Marlitt Florinda Naupay
Published: March 2024

El presente trabajo pretende demostrar la intrínseca relación entre el pensamiento rizomático y la educación para la sostenibilidad e inteligencia artificial. Determina la importancia, aplicación de los principios del pensamiento rizoma en la educación para la sostenibilidad y en la inteligencia artificial. Señala las coincidencias entre la lógica neuronal y la lógica rizomática. Presenta una serie de conclusiones y recomendaciones en la que se destaca la oficialización legal en todos los sistemas de educación y niveles la Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible – EDS.
Influência da gripe aviária (H5N1) sobre o ecossistema marinho: uma avaliação ecológica
Authors: Ferreira Ana Luisa Coimbra , Almeida Ana Luiza Gregório , Da Silva Camila Emanuelle Pereira , Silva Herick Henrique Souza , Casali Agnes , Negreiros Daniel
Published: March 2024

A Gripe Aviária, causada pelo vírus H5N1, tem despertado preocupação global devido aos seus impactos na avicultura e na saúde pública. Recentemente, sua influência no ecossistema marinho também tem sido observada, instigando uma investigação mais profunda sobre seus efeitos nesse ambiente.

Este estudo tem como objetivo principal realizar um levantamento abrangente sobre como a Gripe Aviária está afetando o ecossistema marinho, examinando os surtos esporádicos do vírus desde sua identificação em 1996 na China até os casos mais recentes na América do Sul, com ênfase nas interações biológicas e nos impactos na biodiversidade marinha.

Para isso, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica detalhada, abrangendo estudos sobre os efeitos da Gripe Aviária no ambiente marinho, além de analisar dados epidemiológicos e relatos de casos de infecção em aves marinhas e mamíferos marinhos.

Nossos resultados destacam a capacidade do vírus H5N1 de afetar não apenas aves, mas também a fauna marinha, incluindo mamíferos marinhos, como leões-marinhos e golfinhos. Observamos também uma relação entre a distribuição global do vírus e as rotas de migração das aves, evidenciando o papel das aves migratórias como reservatórios naturais do vírus.

Concluímos que a Gripe Aviária representa uma ameaça significativa para o ecossistema marinho, exigindo a implementação urgente de medidas preventivas e de conservação da biodiversidade marinha, sendo crucial entender esses impactos para mitigar os efeitos negativos da doença sobre a vida marinha e garantir a saúde dos ecossistemas oceânicos no futuro.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Business Operations
Authors: Bruno Zuo
Published: March 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is driving a significant and positive change in how businesses operate, fundamentally changing established models and pushing enterprises towards a more efficient and innovative future. This concise abstract explores the intricate influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on several aspects of corporate operations. It thoroughly analyses the development and present uses of AI, as well as successful cases, obstacles, and forthcoming trends.
1. An Examination of the Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Operations of Businesses.
The introduction provides a comprehensive overview of the development of AI and its incorporation into business operations. The text explores the role of AI in transforming decision-making processes, highlighting its versatility in optimizing operations across various industries. It covers topics such as automation and predictive analytics.
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being Increasingly Utilized in Several Aspects of Business Operations.
An extensive examination of AI applications includes the enhanced efficiency of automation, the predictive capabilities of analytics, the transformative influence of AI in Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and its effects on Supply Chain Management. The passage emphasizes the essential role of AI in improving operational efficiency.
Sosialisasi Implementasi Undang-Undang No. 33 Dan 34 Tahun 1964 Tentang Pertanggung Jawaban Risiko Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas PT. Jasa Raharja Perwakilan Meulaboh, Cabang Aceh
Authors: Safrida Safrida , Marefanda Nodi , Maulida Desi , Lestari Rachmatika , Muzakkir Muzakkir , Trisna Nila , Syahputri Veni Nella , Agussalim Agussalim , Dewi Risna
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman activities are inseparable from various risks, such as road activities that often cause accidents and deaths. Therefore the government established Law No. 33 and 34 of 1964 concerning liability for accident risk carried out by PT. Jasa Raharja . PT. Jasa Raharja is a state-owned enterprise (BUMN) that guarantees traffic accident insurance through compulsory contributions from passengers and mandatory donations from vehicle owners. But many people do not know yet, when an accident occurs the victims blame each other, burden each other or bear all the risks of the accident. Furthermore, many people do not yet clearly know the procedures, requirements and other provisions for obtaining accident compensation. PT. Jasa Raharja, representative of Meulaboh as the institution responsible for providing accident compensation, has carried out a coding program related to the delivery of information or the socialization of the insurance business. This service program was attended by 40 participants from State Administration Science Teuku Umar University students. This dedication targets all participants to understand the material well delivered and be able to be a liaison to the public related to accident recovery information.
Training on Milkfish Processing for the Community Seumadu Island, Lhokseumawe
Authors: Anismar Anismar , Ali Muhammad , Subhani Subhani
Published: March 2024

Milkfish Processing Training for the Seumadu Island Community, Batuphat Barat Village, Muara Satu District, Lhokseumawe City is important to carry out, because nowdays Lhokseumawe - Aceh, is experiencing the Covid-19 pandemic which affects almost all sectors of the community's economy, including the tourism sector, so that it can boost the community's economy, especially the family economy, because milkfish has been a side sector for the people on Seumadu Island in addition to the tourism sector. There is also a method that is designed in this presto milkfish processing training to involve two groups of people who live in the tourism area of Seumadu Island, including: a group of housewives, and a youth group of Karang Taruna. Then these activities are also trained by experts in their fields who have experience in conducting fish processing training outside Aceh. Among the various types of fish, milkfish is one of the fish that is easy to find and has a lot of nutrition, because it contains many spines so that it is less attractive to the public. Then, milkfish also smells of earth, so many people do not like it. The smell of earth in fish can be caused by the presence of geosmin compounds produced by the fungus Actinomycetes and blue algae Oscillatoria tenus. This often occurs in ponds that are shallow and located far from the sea (land ponds), with this training, it can make milkfish taste more delicious and odorless, so that it can be liked by the general public.
Sosialisasi Manfaat Proses Daur Ulang Sampah Plastik di SMA Negeri 2 Darul Makmur
Authors: Farizal Teuku , Febrianti Dian , Hartati Rita , Safriani Meylis , Munawir Al , Yasrizal Yasrizal
Published: March 2024

In a broad sense, the management of plastic waste can be approached through the implementation of the 3R framework, which encompasses the principles of Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle. In this endeavor, a process of socialization was undertaken with students from SMA Negeri 2 Darul Makmur pertaining to the issue of waste management, specifically focusing on the potential for recycling and reusing waste materials to generate substantial value. The utilization of waste is facilitated through the implementation of the 3R concept, thereby offering enhanced educational opportunities for participating students. Students will gain a deeper understanding of the recycling process for high-value waste, which is integral to effective waste management. Additionally, they will have the opportunity to witness firsthand the tangible outcomes of transforming plastic waste into liquid fuels. The engagement of students from SMA Negeri 2 Darul Makmur in socialization activities pertaining to the utilization of plastic waste has facilitated a deeper comprehension of waste management processes and the advantages associated with such endeavors. Conversely, students have the potential to utilize plastic waste for practical purposes that are deemed essential in their daily lives.
Beach Clean Up: Sebuah Pemasaran Sosial Guna Meningkatkan Kesadaran Pengelolaan Lingkungan Pesisir
Authors: Husna Asmaul , Fahrimal Yuhdi , Effida Dara Quthni , Ramadhani Ramadhani , Fitri Ainal
Published: March 2024

Batee Puteh Beach, West Aceh Regency is a beach tourism object that has historical value, but in recent years this beach has had quite a serious problem with trash around its coast. Therefore it is deemed necessary to carry out a community service program in the form of joint action to clean up the Batee Puteh Beach area by knowing Beach Clean Up which can involve various elements including students, tourists, the youth community who are environmentalists, and local residents who are willing to be involved as volunteers. The implementation of this service began with the delivery of material on social marketing, the concept of Coastal Cleanup, followed by dividing the participants into several small groups consisting of 6 people and distributing them to several points around the coast of Batee Puteh Beach. Each group will clear the area for 30 meters. After the activity, service participants understood the importance of cleanliness and management of the coastal environment, and as many as 90 percent of participants also stated that the quantity of waste and pollution had been visibly reduced.
Pengembangan Program Kegiatan dan Pendampingan Penyusunan Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah (RPJMDes) Tahun 2023-2028 Desa Ulak Kembahang II
Authors: Mardalena Mardalena , Subardin Muhammad , Rohima Siti , Imelda Imelda , Sagita Ayu , Nida Rahma , Harunurrasyid Harunurrasyid
Published: March 2024

Community Service Activities are one of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education that must be carried out, so the Service Team of the Faculty of Economics, Sriwijaya University hold a service activity in 2021 in Ulak Kembahang II Village, Pemulutan Barat District, Ogan Ilir Regency. This service activity is the provision of focus group discussion  (FGD) and training in the preparation of the RPJMDes using the lecture, discussion, and questionnaire methods. The implementation of this activity is rooted in the problems faced by the Ulak Kembahang II village officials, namely the village officials still do not quite understand the importance of preparing the RPJMDes due to the lack of knowledge, skills and creativity, especially in the preparation of village programs and activities. Thus, the purpose of this activity is to carry out education and training for village officials in making RPJMDes so that village officials have knowledge and skills about making RPJMDes Ulak Kembahang II Village. The results of the questionnaire regarding the evaluation of participants' understanding of the material that had been delivered showed the participants' understanding level with an average of 82.33 percent. Thus, 29 participants in the activity consisting of 11 village officials, 4 BPD administrators, 3 LPM administrators, 4 PKK women, and 7 BUMDes administrators are expected to be able to prepare the RPJMDes of Ulak Kembahang Village II for the next period independently and participate fully in accordance with government guidelines or regulations.
Pengaruh Jenis ZPT dan Jenis Bahan Stek terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Batang Tanaman Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.)
Authors: Salmah Salmah , Putra Iwandikasyah , Maulidia Vina , Jalil Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Kelor merupakan tanaman tropis yang sudah tumbuh dan berkembang di Indonesia memiliki banyak manfaat dan bernilai gizi tinggi sehingga banyak diminati. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pembibitan untuk memperbanyak tanaman kelor. Upaya perbanyakan tanaman kelor secara vegetatif stek dengan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh dan pemilihan bagian stek yang tepat agar diperoleh hasil yang cepat dan jumlah yang banyak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis ZPT dan jenis bagian stek yang tepat agar di peroleh pertumbuhan stek tanaman kelor yang optimal. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2021 di Desa Padang kecamatan Manggeng kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya, menggunakan rancangan faktorial 4 x 3. Faktor pertama jenis ZPT yaitu kontrol, ekstrak bawang merah, Growtone 3.75 SP, Atonik, serta faktor kedua jenis bagian stek yaitu bagian pangkal, bagian tengah, bagian pucuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis ZPT berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap panjang tunas umur 4 MST, berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tangkai daun umur 2 dan 4 MST. Namun, berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap panjang tunas umur 2 MST, jumlah tunas umur 2 dan 4 MST. Jenis ZPT terbaik dijumpai pada jenis ZPT ekstrak bawang merah. Bagian stek berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap panjang tunas umur 2 dan 4 MST serta jumlah tangkai daun umur 2 MST. Namun, berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap jumlah tunas umur 2 dan  4 MST serta jumlah tangkai daun umur 4 MST. Bagian stek terbaik dijumpai pada bagian pangkal dan tengah batang. Terdapat interaksi yang tidak nyata antara jenis ZPT dan bagian stek terhadap pertumbuhan stek tanaman kelor yang diamati.