bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regionale Energiestrategie: juridisch instrumentarium en bestuurlijke praktijk
Authors: Poelwijk R. (Rick) , Neerhof A.R. (Richard)
Published: December 2021

Regionale Energiestrategie: juridisch instrumentarium en bestuurlijke praktijk

In deze bijdrage gaan de auteurs in op het juridische kader voor en de bestuurlijke doorwerking van de Regionale Energiestrategie (RES). De auteurs behandelen de juridische status van de RES en het instrumentarium onder de Omgevingswet ter effectuering ervan, en toetsen de RES aan de criteria effectiviteit, zorgvuldigheid en legitimiteit. De mate van binding aan en doorwerking van de RES in het gemeentelijk omgevingsplan wordt in sterke mate beïnvloed door de zorgvuldigheid bij de totstandkoming ervan.
GROUNDS (CRITERIA) OF DISCRIMINATION IN THE LIGHT OF THE AMENDMENT TO THE LABOUR CODE OF 16 MAY 2019 IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL AND EU LAW
Authors: Szewczyk Helena
Published: December 2021

On 7 September 2019, another amendment to the Labour Code entered into force, which introduced, among other things, an open catalogue of the grounds (criteria) of discrimination. De lege lata enumeration of the grounds of discrimination in the Labour Code is illustrative regardless of whether such criteria pertain to personal characteristics of an employee, an employee’s life choices unrelated to their job, job performed by an employee or a legal status of an employer, etc. It means that any unequal treatment of employees not justified by objective reasons is now regarded as discrimination in employment. However, the new grounds (criteria) of discrimination should be actual, specific and socially relevant. Employees’ claims in this respect should be based on a legitimate (well-balanced and objective) reason and make it objectively plausible. As a consequence, employees will be able to claim compensation under Article 183d of the Labour Code from the employer on various grounds of discrimination, and not only those referred to and specified in the Labour Code.
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYERS OF PUBLIC SERVANTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF CERTAIN ACTS
Authors: Witkowski Jarosław
Published: December 2021

In the present article the author discusses government employers of public servants on the example of certain acts. The aim of the present article is indication of government employers of public servants of Border Guard, Prison Service, Agency for Internal Security, Intelligence Agency, Marshal Service, Customs Service and Secret Service.
RETIREMENT AGE: JUSTIFIED DIFFERENTIATION OR DISCRIMINATION? COMMENTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL TRIBUNAL
Authors: Jaskulska Jagoda
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the issue of the differentiation of the retirement age in the Polish pension system. As part of it, the reasons for the differentiation of the retirement age among women and men were analyzed, as well as the justification for its continued maintenance in the pension system. The considerations primarily take into account the evolution of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal in this area and non-national regulations. Attention was also drawn to the doubts that may arise from the differentiation of the retirement age in the context of the inequalities observed against this background, and stressed the need for constant monitoring of the circumstances supporting the differentiation of the situation of women and men in this respect
Flood Forecasting and Disaster Risk Management – a Case Study of Danube River
Authors: Balatonyi Laszlo , Zwęgliński Tomasz
Published: December 2021

The Danube and its tributaries have been crossing mountains and plains in their
almost unchanged riverbeds for thousands of years, regardless of national and
administrative boundaries. Nevertheless, even decades ago, several countries provided
access to only limited data and information concerning the water level and
flood protection status of their rivers. In recent years, information was exchanged
mainly on the basis of bilateral agreements and on successful activities of basin-wide
organizations, but for others, information could only be obtained by browsing the
Internet, which is sometimes rather complicated and definitely time-consuming.
The EU Strategy for the Danube Region Environmental Risks Priority Area initiated a project aimed at developing the Danube Hydrological Information System, which
was supported by the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube
River. A comprehensive overview of the complex national flood and ice forecasting
systems, identification of the shortcomings of the existing forecasting practices as
well as an improvement of the exchange and availability of hydrological and meteorological
data between the involved countries constituted crucial fields of interests
for the project.
Hence the main aim of the article is to present and discuss key data and functionalities
of the system. The key findings show that all authorized meteorological
and hydrological data of the Danube River are stored in a central database and
made available online to all licensed hydrological and flood protection institutions
for further processing in virtually real time. At this moment 12 countries of the
Danube have joined forces to work out the proposals that are essential for the future,
for safer Danube.
Thermal Properties of Special New Generation Personal Protective Clothing for Firefighters-Rescuers
Authors: Rachwał Marzena , Majder-Łopatka Małgorzata , Węsierski Tomasz , Ankowski Artur , Młynarczyk Magdalena , Bralewski Adrian , Spławska Aleksandra , Piec Robert
Published: December 2021

Every day, firefighters put their health and life at risk by saving people and their property not only during fires, but by being always ready during all kinds of unfortunate events. Therefore, they need special personal protective equipment, including protective clothing. The purpose of the study was to compare thermal properties of new (PROTON and SYRIUSZ) and old (US-03) personal protective clothing for firefighters. Measurements of thermal insulation (total, effective and local) were carried out using a full body shape thermal manikin Newton consisting of 34 segments, in which temperature and heat flux were controlled independently. Results of the total thermal insulation of the entire clothing reveal differences between all three models. The lowest values were noticed for the model PROTON with light and shorter jacket and the highest values of thermal insulation for the new model SYRIUSZ, indicating that this model protect the user against heat most effectively. New models of personal protective clothing for firefighters should be recommended for use in everyday work, because they are characterized by better parameters than the previous type of protective clothing, both in terms of thermal protection and mobility.
Bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego w zakresie zdarzeń drogowych z udziałem pojazdów autobusowej komunikacji publicznej
Authors: GUDZBELER Grzegorz , Nepelski Mariusz , Bortkiewicz Alicja , Misiuk prof. dr hab. Andrzej , Dąbrowski Mariusz
Published: December 2021

Bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego, w tym zmniejszenie liczby zdarzeń drogowych
i ofiar, w szczególności śmiertelnych, jest jednym z priorytetów państw na całym
świecie. Wskazaną problematykę na poziomie państw narodowych monitorują
odpowiednie instytucje, niestety z różnym skutkiem. W Unii Europejskiej dzięki
zdecydowanym działaniom ukierunkowanym na bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
w latach 2001–2020 liczba śmiertelnych wypadków na drogach zmalała, podobnie
jak liczba ich ofiar śmiertelnych. To pokazuje, że konsekwentne i systematyczne
wprowadzanie czynników zmniejszających ryzyko zdarzenia drogowego przynosi
skutki. Niemniej niektóre ze wskazanych czynników są kosztowne, np. budowa,
rozbudowa i modernizacja infrastruktury drogowej.
Zgodnie z przyjętą przez Komisję Europejską polityką zmniejszania liczby
zdarzeń drogowych, tzw. „wizją zero”, do 2030 r. wdrażane jest podejście oparte
na „bezpiecznym systemie”. Wynika ono z konsultacji eksperckich i tak zwanych
dobrych praktyk, co oznacza wprowadzenie wielowarstwowej kombinacji środków
ukierunkowanych na zapobieganie zdarzeniom drogowym i ich ofiarom.
W podjętych badaniach zwrócono szczególną uwagę na pojazdy komunikacji
publicznej, na zdarzenia z ich udziałem. Skupiono się na błędzie ludzkim, błędzie
kierowcy, który, jak słusznie zauważyła Komisja Europejska, jest podstawowym
założeniem „bezpiecznego systemu”. Jego wyeliminowanie nie jest możliwe, lecz
wykształcenie pożądanych zachowań poprzez szkolenie kierowców już tak, w tym
odpowiednie podejście do szkolenia kandydatów na kierowców, a także ustawiczne
doskonalenie kierowców zwłaszcza zawodowych.
W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań została podjęta próba zaproponowania
zmian w systemie szkolenia kierowców autobusów, wpływająca na jego usprawnienie
i redukcję tzw. błędu ludzkiego.
Początki kształcenia zdalnego w warunkach COVID-19 w Szkole Głównej Służby Pożarniczej
Authors: Wróbel Rafał , Boroń Sylwia , Bralewski Adrian
Published: December 2021

Artykuł opisuje uwarunkowania związane z rozpoczęciem kształcenia zdalnego
w Szkole Głównej Służby Pożarniczej w sytuacji wprowadzenia czasowego ograniczenia
funkcjonowania uczelni wyższych w marcu 2020 r. W artykule zawarto
prawne podstawy działań wprowadzanych przez właściwych ministrów, stanowiące
wyznacznik do formalizowania w uczelni rozwiązań wewnętrznych na rzecz organizacji kształcenia na odległość. W artykule zaprezentowano również rekomendacje
wydane przez zespół dziekański, a także wyniki przeprowadzanych na bieżąco badań
ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród nauczycieli akademickich. Zakres artykułu
obejmuje okres do 25 maja 2020 r.
Analyzing novices' fun and programming behaviours while playing a serious blocks-based game
Authors: Vahldick Adilson , Marcelino Maria José , Mendes António José
Published: December 2021

Blocks-based environments have been used to promote programming learning mostly in elementary and middle schools. In many countries, isolated initiatives have been launched to promote programming learning among children, but until now there is no evidence of widespread use of this type of environment in Brazil and Portugal. Consequently, it is common that many students reach higher education with little or no programming knowledge and skills. NoBug’s SnackBar is a game designed to help promote programming learning. This study examined students' behavior and attitudes when playing the game on their initiative. It used a sample of 33 undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory programming course. The variables studied were students' performance and engagement, satisfaction, and problem-solving strategies. The main findings were (1) better performing students had a high level of perceived learning, (2) all the students had similar perceptions about their fun while playing, (3) the leader board was the most used game element not directly related to learning and (4) the top-ranked students access previous solutions to help them solve a new mission, while the others often use a trial-and-error approach.
Using ICT and Energy Technologies for Improving Global Engineering Education
Authors: Singh Pritpal
Published: December 2021

Information, communication, and energy technologies have the potential to improve engineering education worldwide. With the availability of low cost, open-source microcontrollers/microcomputers, such as the Arduino and Raspberry Pi platforms, and a wide variety of sensors and communication tools, a range of engineering applications and innovations may be developed at a low price. Furthermore, the cost of solar panels and LED lamps have also dropped dramatically in recent years and these also allow for improved energy support in regions that lack energy access or require autonomous monitoring/processing. Also, low-cost 3D printers are now widely available for making simple prototypes of hardware. Finally, low-cost educational software tools have also become available. Combining these technologies enables engineering education to be brought into traditionally inaccessible communities in the world. In this book chapter, examples of how ICT and energy technologies are being used to teach students engineering technologies in underserved communities will be described. Application areas to be described will include environmental monitoring, clean water systems, and remote learning.
Types of Specific Learning Disability
Authors: U. Muktamath Vinutha , R. Hegde Priya , Chand Samreen
Published: December 2021

The chapter “Specific Learning Disability and its Types” is an effort to educate the readers, specially the educators about a developmental disorder that begins by school age, although it may not be recognized until later. It involves on-going problems learning key academic skills, including reading, writing, and math. The chapter makes an attempt to bring about understanding of SLD, brief historical perspective and its classification. The chapter elaborately discusses the seven types of specific learning disability according to Learning Disabilities Association of America. The chapter centers around seven learning disabilities namely, dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, auditory processing disorder, language processing disorder, non-verbal learning disabilities, visual perceptual deficit; their causes and symptoms to give a holistic understanding about the disability for the teachers and parents to understand the individual differences.
Improving Maize Shelling Operation Using Motorized Mobile Shellers: A Step towards Reducing Postharvest Losses in Low Developing Countries
Authors: Nsubuga Denis , Kabenge Isa , Zziwa Ahamada , Kiggundu Nicholas , Wanyama Joshua , Banadda Noble
Published: December 2021

Maize shelling is still a challenge in low developing countries with more efforts required to advance this operation. In Uganda, motorized immobile maize shellers have been fabricated locally to enhance the shelling operation. However, their performance has not elated the farmers. The unsatisfactory performance is a result of these shellers being fabricated by local artisan with finite understanding of the maize grain characteristics and operation factors to optimize maize shelling. In addition, farmers in these countries have a deficiency of power to operate the motorized maize shellers available. Transportation of these motorized maize shellers is also still a challenge and it imposes an extra cost to the farmers hence reducing their profits from maize growing. In this chapter, we reviewed maize shelling process in low developing countries particularly the categories of maize shelling, maize sheller design requirements, use of equations to design sheller parts, modification of the motorized maize shellers and case studies on the mobile maize shellers, comparing them with immobile maize shellers. The study concluded that on addition to other sheller performance attributes, motorized mobile maize shellers can solve transportation challenges associated with motorized immobile maize shellers.
Vortex Dynamics in the Wake of Planetary Ionospheres
Authors: Pérez-de-Tejada Hector , Lundin Rickard
Published: December 2021

Measurements conducted with spacecraft around Venus and Mars have shown the presence of vortex structures in their plasma wake. Such features extend across distances of the order of a planetary radius and travel along their wake with a few minutes rotation period. At Venus, they are oriented in the counterclockwise sense when viewed from the wake. Vortex structures have also been reported from measurements conducted by the solar wind-Mars ionospheric boundary. Their position in the Venus wake varies during the solar cycle and becomes located closer to Venus with narrower width values during minimum solar cycle conditions. As a whole there is a tendency for the thickness of the vortex structures to become smaller with the downstream distance from Venus in a configuration similar to that of a corkscrew flow in fluid dynamics and that gradually becomes smaller with increasing distance downstream from an obstacle. It is argued that such process derives from the transport of momentum from vortex structures to motion directed along the Venus wake and that it is driven by the thermal expansion of the solar wind. The implications of that momentum transport are examined to stress an enhancement in the kinetic energy of particles that move along the wake after reducing the rotational kinetic energy of particles streaming in a vortex flow. As a result, the kinetic energy of plasma articles along the Venus wake becomes enhanced by the momentum of the vortex flow, which decreases its size in that direction. Particle fluxes with such properties should be measured with increasing distance downstream from Venus. Similar conditions should also be expected in vortex flows subject to pressure forces that drive them behind an obstacle.
Perspective Chapter: Fallout from the Pandemic – A Social and Psychological Description of COVID-19 Related Traumatic Sequelae
Authors: Collins Aishling , O’Driscoll Eleanor , Lyons Declan
Published: December 2021

Pandemics are not new phenomena in human history but in a globalised and interconnected planet the differential impact upon each generation may be distinctive. The concept of trauma has been widely discussed over the last 18 months with emphasis on a collective stress and distress but also in respect of those who are vulnerable to psychological adversity because of established prior mental health diagnoses. Much debate has centred on the impact of the pandemic on mental illness, both new and established, and this chapter will examine the utility of interpreting the psychological outcome at individual and societal level through the lens of collective trauma. At risk populations, such as healthcare workers and those recovering from infection will be a special focus of this chapter.
Association Between Maternal and Neonatal Serum Vitamin D Levels and the Incidence of Early-Onset Sepsis
Authors: Naseh Ali , Shabani Azade , Ghane Hanieh
Published: December 2021

Background: Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) is a systemic infection that occurs within the first week of life. Objectives: This study investigated the association of serum vitamin D levels in pregnant women and their neonates with the prevalence of EOS. Methods: This case-control study was performed among 50 term/late pre-term neonates admitted to our NICU due to EOS, alongside 50 healthy neonates matched for gestational age range and sex. Maternal and neonatal serum vitamin D levels were measured. The criteria for diagnosing EOS included any/combination of: respiratory, cardiovascular, hemodynamic, neurological, gastrointestinal, body temperature, or metabolic signs. For sepsis cases, CBC, CRP, blood type, blood culture, chest X ray, and in some cases, and CSF analysis and culture were tested. Mothers’ clinical history was collected. Results: Each group included 30 (60%) male and 20 (40%) female neonates. Birth weight averages were 2772 ± 667 and 3215 ± 349 grams in the case and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean serum vitamin D levels were 49.75 ± 25.53 and 56.41 ± 18.17 nmol/L in the case and control groups, respectively. The control group mothers had a significantly higher vitamin D level (68.24 nmol/L versus 55.01 in mothers of sepsis cases, p = 0.005) and showed a correlation with the vitamin D levels of their neonates (R = 0.731, P < 0.001), while the data failed to show a correlation between vitamin D level in mothers and their neonates in the sepsis group (R = 0.241, P = 0.115). C-section delivery was more prevalent among the sepsis cases (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Early-onset neonatal sepsis is associated with vitamin D deficiency in neonates and their mothers, low birth weight, and being delivered by C-section.
Realism against Legitimacy
Authors: Bagg Samuel ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: December 2021

This article challenges the association between realist methodology and ideals of legitimacy. Many who seek a more “realistic” or “political” approach to political theory replace the familiar orientation towards a state of (perfect) justice with a structurally similar orientation towards a state of (sufficient) legitimacy. As a result, they fail to provide more reliable practical guidance, and wrongly displace radical demands. Rather than orienting action towards any state of affairs, I suggest that a more practically useful approach to political theory would directly address judgments, by comparing the concrete possibilities for action faced by real political actors.
El miedo mítico y la redención cristiana en el teatro en verso de T. S. Eliot: The Family Reunion
Authors: Carbajosa Palmero Natalia
Published: December 2021

Con The Family Reunion (1939), Eliot ensaya por primera vez el método mítico de su poesía en el teatro en verso, más concretamente en un escenario burgués. De este modo, el miedo y la angustia del siglo XX se escenifican con el telón de fondo de Las Euménides de Esquilo, la historia intemporal de expiación que se relata en la trilogía La Orestíada. Este artículo se centra en el moderno Orestes de Eliot, Harry, quien, al igual que los personajes de la poesía temprana del autor (Sweeney, Prufrock o Gerontion) se enfrenta a la desesperación de un modo que Eliot irá afinando en sucesivas obras. Asimismo, subraya el papel principal de The Family Reunion como punto de inflexión en la producción dramática de Eliot, por cuanto la obra aborda novedosamente el malestar contemporáneo, relacionándolo con un relato cristiano de pecado, expiación y sacrificio. Por último, el artículo explora las semejanzas entre el teatro en verso de Eliot y la poesía de los Cuatro cuartetos, escritos durante los mismos años que su producción para la escena y, en gran medida, bajo idénticos parámetros.
Hackathons and Libraries
Authors: Longmeier Meris Mandernach
Published: December 2021

Libraries foster a thriving campus culture and function as “third space,” not directly tied to a discipline.[i] Libraries support both formal and informal learning, have multipurpose spaces, and serve as a connection point for their communities. For these reasons, they are an ideal location for events, such as hackathons, that align with library priorities of outreach, data and information literacy, and engagement focused on social good. Hackathon planners could find likely partners in either academic or public libraries as their physical spaces accommodate public outreach events and many are already providing similar services, such as makerspaces. Libraries can act solely as a host for events or they can embed in the planning process by building community partnerships, developing themes for the event, or harnessing the expertise already present in the library staff. This article, focusing on years from 2014 to 2020, will highlight the history and evolution of hackathons in libraries as outreach events and as a focus for using library materials, data, workflows, and content.

[i] James K. Elmborg, “Libraries as the Spaces Between Us: Recognizing and Valuing the Third Space,” Reference and User Services Quarterly 50, no. 4 (2011): 338–50.
Statistics Teaching Practice at Czech Universities with Emphasis on Statistical Software
Authors: Mazouchová Aneta , Jedličková Tereza , Hlaváčová Lucie
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to reveal the beliefs of students and fresh university graduates about teaching statistics during their university studies with focus on using statistical software. The objective is to detect the approach of faculties to statistics education and to find out which didactic materials and teaching methods are mainly used. Students’ opinions are captured by means of a questionnaire survey and analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show the increasing importance of quantitative research and the necessity of improving statistical thinking. Unfortunately, the teaching methods used in various statistical courses are outdated and unattractive for most students. They call for an active and modern approach. Teaching statistics with the statistical software support seems to be the right way to make statistics accessible to students. The recommendation is to take students’ notions into account when preparing statistical courses.
New therapies in atopic dermatitis
Authors:   University of Debrecen – Medical Center – Department of Dermatology, Steuer-Hajdu Krisztina , Szegedi Andrea
Published: December 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases. Despite of this, the pathomechanism of the disease is still not fully understood. In recent years, several scientific results led to the better understanding of the disease. Meantime, new therapeutical options have emerged which were developed specifically for AD patients. In this manuscript new therapies, namely dupilumab and baricitinib, which are already licenced in Hungary, are reviewed. A detailed description of therapies e.g. biological therapy, small molecular weight drugs, topical therapy and antipruritics which are currently in clinical research have been also summarized.
The clinical and (dermato) pathological signifcance of neural crest cells. Blaschko lines and dermatoses. Neurocristopathies
Authors:   University of Pécs Medical School Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Lengyel Zsuzsanna , Csernus Evelin , Schneider Imre , Gyömörei Csaba
Published: December 2021

In the course of their migration the neural crest cells reach all parts of the developing embryo. The frst wave of the derivatives of these cells the melanoblasts and melanocytes harbour in the epidermis and hair follicles during the dorsolateral migration. A number of signal molecules and proteases play an important role in the course of melanocyte migration through the extracellular matrix. The Mongolian spots appear as a consequence of the transient inhibition of melanocyte migration and in the case of fnal obstruction the Ota-, or. Ito nevuses. The Blaschko lines based on cutaneous mosaicism are of great diagnostic importance and on the ground of these lines the blaschkitises can appear under the exogenous factors. The blaschkolinear acquired infammatory skin eruption (BLAISE) is an acquired infammatory process. One of its variants is the lichen striatus and the other is the blaschkitis. The blaschkolinear dermatoses can appear usually as a nevoid disease. The pathological development of the neural crest cells can induce pathological processes in other tissues of the body as well, which may appear in the form of the so-called neurocristopathies including approximately ffty manifestations. The knowledge of the diferent pigmentation forms as well as the pathological symptoms of neurocristopathies is of great importance for the clinican from a diagnostic point of view.
Figura de bronce con representación de Hércules procedente de Málaga
Authors: Pérez-Malumbres Landa Alejandro , Martín Ruiz Juan Antonio
Published: December 2021

Damos a conocer una figura de bronce con la representación de Hércules hallada en las excavaciones realizadas en los números 57 a 61 de la calle Granada en Málaga, donde se pudo documentar una zona de carácter industrial relacionada con la actividades piscícolas. Restaurada por el Instituto Andaluz de Patrimonio Histórico, donde se realizaron análisis metalográficos, esta pieza puede fecharse en el siglo I a. C., por lo que resulta ser uno de los escasos bronces con la imagen del héroe griego que pueden datarse de los localizados en los antiguos asentamientos coloniales repartidos por el Estrecho de Gibraltar. Al haberse descubierto en una antigua colonia fenicia, como es Malaca, se estudia también su vinculación con el dios fenicio Melqart, cuyo sincretismo con Hércules es bien conocido, así como la posible existencia de su culto en esta ciudad.
Un nou fragment d'àmfora africana del tipus Statio 48 d’Ostia, amb marca M·(PALMA)·C, trobada a la costa de Tarraco
Authors: Colom Mendoza Enric , López Vilar Jordi
Published: December 2021

En el present treball donem a conèixer un nou exemplar de la coneguda marca M·(palma)·C, que fou trobada a principis de 2020 a la costa tarragonina, procedent d’un possible context arqueològic de fondejador, o menys probablement, d’un derelicte naufragat en aquestes contrades. Aprofitant la troballa, recuperem l’estat de la qüestió sobre aquest segell epigràfic i la forma amfòrica a la qual va associat, el tipus Statio 48 d’Ostia, representada a un dels mosaics de la plaça de les Corporacions d’aquella ciutat. La manca d’estudis recents fent-hi referència ha provocat que el debat sobre l’origen de la marca i la tipologia amfòrica, s’hagi esvaït lleugerament en els darrers anys, encara que l’estat de la qüestió no estigui conclòs. Per aquest motiu, volem presentar noves hipòtesis per tal de reanimar la discussió entorn a l’origen de les àmfores africanes del tipus Statio 48.
No solo cuerpos: la cultura material exhumada de las fosas del franquismo en Paterna
Authors: Moreno Martín Andrea , Mezquida Fernández Miguel , Ariza Jiménez Eloy
Published: December 2021

Este artículo pretende destacar cómo, desde la arqueología forense, se puede abordar el análisis de las prácticas de represión y violencia política sobre la población civil y, al mismo tiempo, estudiar a las víctimas y el contexto de sus asesinatos desde un enfoque social. Para abordar este reto partimos de la cultura material documentada en las fosas del cementerio municipal de Paterna (Valencia) como ejemplo paradigmático en las exhumaciones de víctimas del franquismo del territorio valenciano. A partir de esta materialidad nos planteamos algunas cuestiones sobre el futuro de los objetos asociados a las víctimas que se recuperan en las fosas comunes y, especialmente, reflexionamos sobre estos objetos exhumados, pues dadas las casuísticas y los escenarios jurídicos y procedimentales en los que se ven inmersos, permanecen a menudo en un limbo patrimonial y jurídico.
La constitución pasiva de sí o la paciencia de sí
Authors: Mena Malet Patricio Andrés
Published: December 2021

El siguiente texto tiene por objetivo interrogar de qué modo el sí-mismo se constituye pasivamente o, lo que es equivalente, se busca indagar cuáles son los fundamentos afectivos de la ipseidad. Para ello, se lleva a cabo una lectura atenta de Le volontaire et l’involontaire (1950) de Paul Ricoeur, obra que permitirá a su vez reinterrogar lo que es la ipseidad con los recursos que aporta una fenomenología del “yo puedo” y “yo quiero”. Así, si la ipseidad es abordada propiamente en Soi-même comme un autre (1990), el libro de 1950 aporta, por su parte, elementos conceptuales y descriptivos valiosos que pueden esclarecer el carácter afectivo y pasivo que constituye a la ipseidad.
Entre a República dos Modernos e a Autoridade dos Antigos (considerações sobre o fenômeno da autoridade)
Authors: Bach Augusto
Published: December 2021

O artigo pretende iluminar algumas das perplexidades enfrentadas pelas instituições políticas, na modernidade ou em tempos antigos, para garantir um espaço próprio onde as pessoas possam exercer seu poder de liberdade. Começando com os revolucionários americanos, passando pelos modos gregos e romanos de lidar com o problema, nós abordamos as análises de Hannah Arendt na tentativa de estruturar uma possível resposta de sua obra para este desafiante convite ao pensamento.
Schopenhauer, Horkheimer e o sofrimento social
Authors: Debona Vilmar
Published: December 2021

Há atualmente um debate interdisciplinar profícuo sobre a noção de sofrimento social (social suffering). Pensadores e pensadoras como Barrington Moore Jr., Emmanuel Renault e Rahel Jaeggi desenvolvem o assunto a partir de um pressuposto elementar: sofrimento social diferencia-se de sofrimento individual na medida em que as causas do primeiro não são naturais (desejos básicos insatisfeitos, doenças, catástrofes naturais), mas resultam do agir humano; e, mais ainda, não resultam tanto de relações interpessoais imediatas, mas de relações sociais mais amplas, como a guerra, a pobreza, a exploração etc. No artigo Schopenhauer e a sociedade, Horkheimer afirmou que “no intransigente nominalismo de Schopenhauer em relação à sociedade estriba a raiz de sua grandeza” (p. 47). Para o pai da Teoria Crítica, a acepção schopenhaueriana de que apenas os indivíduos e o curso de suas vidas são reais, enquanto os povos são meras abstrações, não implicaria contrapor a sociedade e o Estado à pessoa singular ou esta àqueles. A sociedade se origina e se transforma a partir de indivíduos socialmente vinculados; o indivíduo não é uma ilha. Com essa chave de leitura, Horkheimer, como discípulo herético, consegue destacar e valorizar em Schopenhauer o aparato social da noção metafísica de sofrimento. O objetivo deste artigo é (i) mostrar em que medida a diferenciação entre sofrimento individual e social estaria implicitamente indicada em Schopenhauer e (ii) até que ponto a leitura de Horkheimer sobre o nominalismo de Schopenhauer em relação à sociedade permitiria sugerir elementos schopenhauerianos para os debates contemporâneos sobre sofrimento social.
O “lamarckismo” de Freud e a polarização das interpretações
Authors: Galletti Ferretti Marcelo
Published: December 2021

Frequentemente se aponta o “lamarckismo” de Freud. Nas poucas vezes em que foi empreendida com algum rigor historiográfico, a investigação desse traço se prestou ora a denunciar o caráter pseudocientífico da psicanálise, ora a defender o lugar periférico, tardio e, por conseguinte, dispensável de tal “lamarckismo” na obra freudiana. Essas posições devem ser matizadas. Este artigo pretende realizar essa tarefa procurando desfazer os anacronismos que o termo “lamarckismo” abriga e remontar às influentes visões de Ernest Jones, Frank Sulloway e Lucille Ritvo sobre a questão.
PREVENCIJA KAO FAKTOR UNAPREĐENJA KVALITETA ŽIVOTA ZANEMARENE I ZLOSTAVLJANE DJECE U PORODICI
Authors: Šćepović Dragana
Published: December 2021

Apstrakt: Iako postoje teškoće u davanju jedne opšteprihvaćene definicije pojma nasilje nad djecom, većina autora se slaže da su osnovni oblici nasilja nad djecom u porodici zanemarivanje i fizičko, psihičko i seksualno zlostavljanje. Centri za socijalni rad imaju javna ovlaštenja i zadatak da štite djecu, njihova prava i interese, ali i da pružaju podršku i pomoć roditeljima, s ciljem unapređenja kvaliteta života djece u porodici. U slučajevima zanemarivanja i zlostavljanja djece u porodici, centri intervenišu mjerama socijalne i porodičnopravne zaštite i preduzimaju mjere za sprečavanje daljeg nasilja. Pored centara za socijalni rad i drugi subjekti zaštite (policija, tužilaštva, sudovi, zdravstvene i obrazovne ustanove), čiji je zadatak ne samo zaštita žrtava i procesuiranje nasilja, već i sprečavanje i suzbijanje nasilja u porodici, predstavljaju ključne aktere u implementaciji svih oblika i mjera prevencije. S ciljem izgradnje sistema i ostvarivanja boljeg preventivnog djelovanja, u radu su analizirani standardi prevencije sadržani u Konvenciji Savjeta Evrope o sprečavanju i suzbijanju nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici (podizanje nivoa svijesti o nasilju kao društenom problemu, uvođenje sadržaja o nasilju u programe obrazovnih ustanova, stručno usavršavanje, senzibilizacija profesionalaca i njihovo osposobljavanje za međusektorsku saradnju i preventivni rad sa počiniocima nasilja). S obzirom na to da preventivne aktivnosti nisu u značajnoj mjeri zastupljene u okviru redovnih aktivnosti subjekata zaštite, u radu se ukazuje na njihove obaveze i mogućnosti provođenja preventivnih mjera na lokalnom nivou. Provođenje preventivnih aktivnosti, koje su usmjerene na sprečavanje, suzbijanje, ali i zaustavljanje daljeg nasilja, podrazumijeva interdisciplinaran pristup i multisektorsku saradnju svih subjekata zaštite. U tom smislu, posebna pažnja je posvećena koordinisanom djelovanju svih subjekata koji su uključeni u proces prevencije, čiji je cilj usaglašavanje postupaka i aktivnosti, i povećanje odgovornosti svih učesnika.
ВАСПИТНИ РАД СА ДЕЦОМ ПРЕДШКОЛСКОГ УЗРАСТА
Authors: Рајчевић Петар Ђ.
Published: December 2021

Васпитно-образовни рад одраслих са децом, према Закону о предшколском васпитању и образовању у Републици Србији, посматра се као део јединственог система образовања и васпитања а односи се на децу од шест месеци до поласка у основну школу. У том периоду се уз родитеље који подижу децу од рођења, придружују и стручно оспособњени васпитачи чија улога и утицај се остварује у предшколским установама, уз могућност реализације програма и у школи. Нагласак савремених, пре свега, хуманистичких теорија учења, подразумева де се дете и његове развојне потребе постављају у први план. При томе се води рачуна о квалитету интеракције са другом децом (не само вршњацима), васпитачем, родитељима, стручним сарадницима и другима. Наглашавају се потребе тимског приступа у раду и програмирања активности на нивоу сваке конкретне васпитне групе на основу познавања њихових могућности и потреба. Стручни рад свих учесника васпитно-образовног процеса са децом предшколског васпитања несумњиво доприноси ефикасном припремању деце за полазак у школу и преузимање одговорности за задатке и дужности које их очекују.
ZNANJE U STAVOVI STUDENATA FAKULTETA ZDRAVSTVENIH STUDIJA SVEUČILIŠTA U MOSTARU O CJEPIVU POTIV COVID-19
Authors: Mišković Ana , Ljevak Ivona , Lozančić Antonela
Published: December 2021

Uvod: Novi koronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, prvi put se pojavio u Wuhanu, u prosincu 2019. godine. Bolest koju uzrokuje SARS-CoV-2 naziva se COVID-19. Kako bi se spriječilo daljnje širenje zarazne bolesti potrebno je provoditi preventivne mjere. Kolektivni imunitet ključni je koncept za kontrolu epidemije. Samo dio populacije mora biti imun na zarazne agense, a to se može postići putem prevladavanja postojeće infekcije ili cijepljenjem. Učinkovito cjepivo najsigurniji je način za postizanje kolektivnog imuniteta. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati znanja i stavove studenata Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru o cjepivu protiv COVID-19. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 181 studenata, među kojima je 84% ženskih i 16% muških ispitanika. Ispitanici su bili studenti Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru različitih studijskih smjerova i godina. Anketa je anonimna i ista je provedeno preko Google Forms koji je sastavni dio Google Drive-a (Google Diska). Rezultati: Istraživanjem smo utvrdili da postoji statistički značajna razlika u znanju između studenata preddiplomskog i diplomskog studija. Utvrdili smo da je veći postotak ženskih ispitanica koje prihvaćaju cjepivo protiv COVID-19. Ovim istraživanjem utvrdili smo da studenti diplomskog studija pokazuju pozitivnije stavove o cjepivu u odnosu na studente preddiplomskog studija. Studenti koji odbijaju primiti cjepivo, kao razlog navode nedovoljnu ispitanost istog. Zaključak: Ovim istraživanjem otkrili smo da na stav studenata ne utječe samo razina zdravstvenog znanja, nego i drugi čimbenici. Daljnja istraživanja trebala bi uključivati pitanja o strahu od nuspojava i drugih čimbenika koji utječu na negativan stav studenata o cjepivu protiv COVID-19.
PRIMJENA DRUŠTVENIH MEDIJA U FUNKCIJI SAVREMENOG OBRAZOVANJA MLADIH
Authors: Macanović Nebojša , Bobrek Macanović Kristina
Published: December 2021

Društveni mediji su danas nezamjenjiv faktor u razvoju djece i formiranju njihovih stavova, ali posmatrajući obrazovanje, još uvijek nedovoljno iskorišten alat, iako nudi ogromne mogućnosti u usvajanju novih znanja i vještina. Djeca u najvećoj mjeri medije koriste kao izvor zabave, a najmanje u obrazovne svrhe. S obzirom da nove generacije učenika odrastaju u sasvim novom informatičko komunikacionom okruženju njima su društveni mediji sastavni dio svakodnevnice i najviše vremena provode upravo uz njih. Ovim pitanjem se najviše bave medijska pedagogija i didaktika. Cilj ovog rada jeste da ukažemo na značaj i primjenu društvenih medija u obrazovanju mladih, kao i ulogu koju mogu imati u realizaciji nastavnog procesa. Upotrebom društvenih medija u obrazovanju mi zapravo stvaramo novu kulturu učenja kojem teži društvo znanja. Savremenim pristupom i upotrebom društvenih mreža stvaramo “socijalno ogledalo” koje je nepresušan izvor informacija i znanja, ali i pokazatelj razine i efikasnosti obrazovnog sistema svake zemlje.
CYBER BULLYING I CYBER CRIMINAL - NASILJE PUTEM INTERNETA
Authors: Ramić Anel
Published: December 2021

Nasilje preko interneta, u svijetu poznato kao cyber bullying, pojam je za svaku komunikacijsku aktivnost računarskom tehnologijom, koja se može smatrati štetnom, kako za pojedinca, tako i za opšte dobro. Ovaj oblik nasilja nad djecom obuhvata situacije kad je dijete izloženo napadu nekog drugog djeteta, tinejdžera ili grupe djece ili odrasle osobe, putem interneta ili mobilnog telefona. Zbog često nedovoljne medijske pismenosti roditelji i učenici ne poznaju dovoljno sve moguće opasnosti koje internet i društvene mreže mogu uzrokovati. Upravo i cilj ovoga rada jeste da ukažemo koliko nepoznavanje ovog problema može negativno uticati na socijalizaciju i odrastanje djece, ali i uticati da djeca postanu žrtve nasilja putem interneta. Fokus ovog rada je na roditeljima i njihovom poznavanju cyber bullyinga, kao i cyber kriminala, te njegovim posljedicama.
ОБИЉЕЖЈА НОВЕ ГЕНЕРАЦИЈЕ МЛАДИХ И ВАЖНОСТ НЕФОРМАЛНОГ ОБРАЗОВАЊА
Authors: Казимировић Ранка
Published: December 2021

Пандемија вируса COVID-19, познатији као Корона вирус, натјерала је људе свих узраста да се више окрену дигиталном свијету. Такође, велики број људи све више уписује разне курсеве и на тај начин се усавршава, учи посао и касније са тим дипломама тражи запослење. Поред формалног образовања, све више послодаваца на разговорима за посао тражи доказе о завршеним додатним едукацијама или обукама и исте вреднује додатним бодовима. Такође, млади људи све мање пажње и концентрације усмјеравају на формално образовање. Интернет, нове технологије, друштвене мреже, све је ово довело до доступности и брзог протока информација. Неформално образовање има за циљ да на један опуштен начин, са мањом групом људи гдје су сви једнаки учесници, пружи едукацију из одређених области, која је више прилагођена времену у којем живимо. Млади људи се све више окрећу неформалном образовању, које им поред учења кроз кориштење нових технологија, даје прилику и путовања, дружења, упозунавања и откривања нових људии култура. Неформално образовање постаје више прихваћено и у школама, које подстичу младе људе на учешће у разним семинарима и едукацијама. У овом раду покушаћемо да покажемо обиљежја нових генерација младх и значај неформалног образовања данас, кроз примјере добре праксе, који су показали да млади људи након што заврше различите семинаре и курсеве, лакше добијају запослење и буду препознатљивији на тржишту рада.
UPOTREBA DROGA KAO OBLIK DEVIJANTNOG PONAŠANJA MEĐU MLADIMA – SOCIOLOŠKA PERSPEKTIVA
Authors: Kahrimanović Šahim
Published: December 2021

Devijantnost, a samim tim korištenje droga, objašnjava se i tumači iz nekoliko teorijskih uglova. Veliki značaj na polju razumijevanja ove pojave i njenu prisutnost, korištenje i upotrebu među mladima, učinjen je na polju medicinskih, društvenih, psiholoških, bioloških i drugih nauka. Naš interes u ovom radu je usmjeren na sociološki diskurs, odnosno, na razumijevanje uzroka i posljedica devijantnosti i društvenog karaktera konzumiranja droge. Sociologija, kao nauka ali i kao praksa, ne fokusira se na pogreške pojedinaca i lične konsekvence koje iz tih grešaka proizlaze, kako bi se objasnili fenomenološki aspekt ove pojave i socijalni problemi koji iz je proizilaze. Ona istražuje strukturne i kulturne faktore koji dovode do takvih oblika ponašanja i problema, najčešće među mlađom populacijom. U radu ćemo objasniti najvažnije sociološke perspektive, kao i sociološke teorije, koje tretiraju devijantne oblike ponašanja, ovu vrstu društvene patologije, odnosno, korištenje droga i ovisnost.
МЕЂУНАРОДНОПРАВНА ЗАШТИТА ПРАВА ДЕТЕТА
Authors: Јанковић Предраг
Published: December 2021

Гледајући по старосној структури људи, деца представљају најрањивију групу, физички слабију и психички незрелију од одраслих лица. Због тога су често објекат злоупотреба, физичких, психичких и правних. Деца су често предмет трговине људима, сексуалног искориштавања и злостављања, радног израбљивања, злоупотребљавања у ратне сврхе. Поред тога налазе се и у мигрантским групама. Све такве ситуације код деце која се у њима нађу изазивају трауме, нарушавање психичког и физичког здравља, интегритета и развоја, и на крају крајева често и смрт. Разумљиво је да то захтева изналажење решења којима би се спречавала и отклањала таква стања а то се само може постићи стварањем правног оквира кроз који се остварује заштита детета. Тај проблем је одавно препознат и на нивоу међународне заједнице. Међународно право људских права је до данас исходовало велики број уговора и других међународних правних аката, у којима и дете, потпуно оправдано, има посебно место. Из тих међународних правних аката проистичу правно обавезујуће норме којима се штите права, личност и интегритет детета као јединке друштва. У овом раду ће бити представљена достигнућа међународног права у стварању правног оквира за заштиту права детета.
Phenotypic differentiation of the slow worm lizards (Squamata:Anguis) across their contact zone in Central Europe
Authors: Benkovský Norbert , Moravec Jiří , Gvoždíková Javůrková Veronika , Šifrová Helena , Gvoždík Václav , Jandzik David
Published: December 2021

Background

The application of molecular-phylogenetic approaches to taxonomy has had a dramatic effect on our understanding of the diversity of reptiles. These approaches have allowed researchers to reveal previously hidden lineages as well as taxonomic overestimation in morphologically plastic taxa. Slow worms, legless lizards of the genusAnguis(Squamata: Anguidae), were previously considered to comprise either one or two species, and morphology-based intraspecific taxonomy ofAnguis fragilisremained controversial throughout the 20th century. After the discovery of deep genetic divergences within the genus, its taxonomy was reconsidered, and as a result, five extant species have been recognized. In order to better understand the patterns of their interspecific differentiation, here we studied phenotypic differences between the two most widespread of them—A. fragilisandA. colchica, and their putative hybrids across the contact zone of both species in Central Europe.

Methods

We used multivariate and univariate statistics and analyzed ten metric, eleven meristic, and six categorical phenotypic variables in material comprising a total of 326 individuals. We also genotyped individuals from the contact zone for one mitochondrial and two nuclear DNA fragments in order to delineate the distribution of individuals of hybrid and non-hybrid origin. The clines in morphological traits were studied using HZAR.

Results

We show that the two species are morphologically differentiated.Anguis fragilishas a less robust head, fewer scales covering the body, lower frequency of the external ear opening presence, lower frequency of separated prefrontal scales, higher frequency of prefrontal scales in contact with each other, and body coloration more similar to the juvenile coloration thanA. colchica.Slow worms from the contact/hybrid zone are characterized by an intermediate morphology, with more similarities toA. fragilisthan toA. colchica.

Discussion

None of the analyzed characters alone proved to be fully diagnostic, although more than 90% of all individuals could be successfully assigned to one or another species based on numbers of scales around the body. Our results indicate concordant, coincident, and steep clines in character states change. We present several hypotheses on the origin and evolutionary maintenance of the morphological divergence between both species and suggest that different evolutionary histories of the taxa rather than recently acting selection explain the observed morphological variation.