bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of peer support for people with severe mental health conditions in high-, middle- and low-income-countries: a theory of change approach
Authors: Hiltensperger Ramona , Ryan Grace , Ben-Dor Inbar Adler , Charles Ashleigh , Epple Ellen , Kalha Jasmine , Korde Palak , Kotera Yasuhiro , Mpango Richard , Moran Galia , Mueller-Stierlin Annabel Sandra , Nixdorf Rebecca , Ramesh Mary , Shamba Donat , Slade Mike , Puschner Bernd , Nakku Juliet
Published: April 2024

Background

Stakeholder engagement is essential to the design, implementation and evaluation of complex mental health interventions like peer support. Theory of Change (ToC) is commonly used in global health research to help structure and promote stakeholder engagement throughout the project cycle. Stakeholder insights are especially important in the context of a multi-site trial, in which an intervention may need to be adapted for implementation across very different settings while maintaining fidelity to a core model. This paper describes the development of a ToC for a peer support intervention to be delivered to people with severe mental health conditions in five countries as part of the UPSIDES trial.

Methods

One hundred thirty-four stakeholders from diverse backgrounds participated in a total of 17 workshops carried out at six UPSIDES implementing sites across high-, middle- and low-income settings (one site each in India, Israel, Uganda and Tanzania; two sites in Germany). The initial ToC maps created by stakeholders at each site were integrated into a cross-site ToC map, which was then revised to incorporate additional insights from the academic literature and updated iteratively through multiple rounds of feedback provided by the implementers.

Results

The final ToC map divides the implementation of the UPSIDES peer support intervention into three main stages: preparation, implementation, and sustainability. The map also identifies three levels of actors involved in peer support: individuals (service users and peer support workers), organisations (and their staff members), and the public. In the UPSIDES trial, the ToC map proved especially helpful in characterising and distinguishing between (a) common features of peer support, (b) shared approaches to implementation and (c) informing adaptations to peer support or implementation to account for contextual differences.

Conclusions

UPSIDES is the first project to develop a multi-national ToC for a mental health peer support intervention. Stakeholder engagement in the ToC process helped to improve the cultural and contextual appropriateness of a complex intervention and ensure equivalence across sites for the purposes of a multi-site trial. It may serve as a blueprint for implementing similar interventions with a focus on recovery and social inclusion among people with mental ill-health across diverse settings.

Trial registration

ISRCTN26008944 (Registration Date: 30/10/2019).
Multidrug-resistant pathogens and ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients: a prospective observational monocentric comparative study
Authors: Montrucchio Giorgia , Balzani Eleonora , Sales Gabriele , Vaninetti Anna , Grillo Francesca , Trompeo Anna Chiara , Zanierato Marinella , Fanelli Vito , Corcione Silvia , De Rosa Francesco Giuseppe , Curtoni Antonio , Costa Cristina , Brazzi Luca
Published: April 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among critically ill patients. However, a comparison of VAP incidence in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cohorts, particularly in a context with a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms, is lacking.

Material and Methods

We conducted a single-center, mixed prospective and retrospective cohort study comparing COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the “Città della Salute e della Scienza” University Hospital in Turin, Italy, between March 2020 and December 2021 (COVID-19 group), with a historical cohort of ICU patients admitted between June 2016 and March 2018 (NON-COVID-19 group). The primary objective was to define the incidence of VAP in both cohorts. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the microbial cause, resistance patters, risk factors and impact on 28 days, ICU and in-hospital mortality, duration of ICU stay, and duration of hospitalization).

Results

We found a significantly higher incidence of VAP (51.9% - n = 125) among the 241 COVID-19 patients compared to that observed (31.2% - n = 78) among the 252 NON-COVID-19 patients. The median SOFA score was significantly lower in the COVID-19 group (9, Interquartile range, IQR: 7–11 vs. 10, IQR: 8–13, p < 0.001). The COVID-19 group had a higher prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria-related VAP (30% vs. 9%, p < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of difficult-to-treat (DTR) or MDR bacteria. ICU and in-hospital mortality in the COVID-19 and NON-COVID-19 groups were 71% and 74%, vs. 33% and 43%, respectively. The presence of COVID-19 was significantly associated with an increased risk of 28-day all-cause hospital mortality (Hazard ratio, HR: 7.95, 95% Confidence Intervals, 95% CI: 3.10-20.36, p < 0.001). Tracheostomy and a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation were protective against 28-day mortality, while dialysis and a high SOFA score were associated with a higher risk of 28-day mortality.

Conclusion

COVID-19 patients with VAP appear to have a significantly higher ICU and in-hospital mortality risk regardless of the presence of MDR and DTR pathogens. Tracheostomy and a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation appear to be associated with better outcomes.
Detecting child sexual abuse in child and adolescent psychiatry: a survey study of healthcare professionals’ assessment practice
Authors: Halvorsen Margrethe Seeger , Stige Signe Hjelen , Halvorsen Jorunn E. , Binder Per-Einar , Måkestad Elida , Albaek Ane Ugland , Andersen Ann Christin
Published: April 2024

Background

Research shows that only around half of all survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) disclose the abuse during childhood and adolescence. This is worrying, as CSA is related to substantial suffering later in life. The proportion of children and adolescents who have been exposed to CSA is significantly higher in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) than in the general population. Healthcare professionals report that uncovering CSA is a complex and challenging task. However, we know little about how they proceed when uncovering CSA. More knowledge of healthcare personnel’s experience is therefore necessary to facilitate and increase CSA disclosure. The study aims to explore how CAP healthcare professionals in Norway proceed when assessing and detecting CSA, how they experience this work, and what hinders or facilitates their efforts.

Methods

The study employed a mixed method approach. Data was collected through an anonymous online survey, generating both quantitative and qualitative data. The sample consisted of 111 healthcare professionals in CAP, of whom 84% were women, with a mean age of 40.7 years (range 24–72; sd = 10.8). Mean years of CAP clinical experience were 8.3 years (range 0–41; sd = 7.5). The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and independent sample t-tests, while the qualitative data was analysed using a team-based qualitative content analysis.

Results

The results showed that detection of CSA was viewed as an important, but complex task in CAP, and the existing procedures were deemed to be insufficient. The therapists mostly felt confident about how to proceed when they suspected or detected CSA, yet they seldom detected CSA. In their initial assessment they applied standardised procedures, but if their suspicion of possible CSA persisted, they seemed to rely more on clinical judgement. Specific challenges and facilitators for CSA detection were identified, both in the individual and in the organisation.

Conclusions

The study highlights the challenges and complexities healthcare professionals and the CAP system face when assessing CSA, which may account for the low detection rate. The results show that healthcare professionals believe room for clinical autonomy and targeted competence development may improve CSA detection. Additionally, the findings suggest a need for CAP to define roles and responsibilities within and between agencies.
Cellular ATP redistribution achieved by deleting Tgparp improves lignocellulose utilization of Trichoderma under heat stress
Authors: Li Tuo , Liu Yang , Zhu Han , Cao Linhua , Zhou Yihao , Liu Dongyang , Shen Qirong
Published: April 2024

Background

Thermotolerance is widely acknowledged as a pivotal factor for fungal survival across diverse habitats. Heat stress induces a cascade of disruptions in various life processes, especially in the acquisition of carbon sources, while the mechanisms by which filamentous fungi adapt to heat stress and maintain carbon sources are still not fully understood.

Results

Using Trichoderma guizhouense, a representative beneficial microorganism for plants, we discover that heat stress severely inhibits the lignocellulases secretion, affecting carbon source utilization efficiency. Proteomic results at different temperatures suggest that proteins involved in the poly ADP-ribosylation pathway (TgPARP and TgADPRase) may play pivotal roles in thermal adaptation and lignocellulose utilization. TgPARP is induced by heat stress, while the deletion of Tgparp significantly improves the lignocellulose utilization capacity and lignocellulases secretion in T. guizhouense. Simultaneously, the absence of Tgparp prevents the excessive depletion of ATP and NAD+, enhances the protective role of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and elevates the expression levels of the unfolded protein response (UPR)-related regulatory factor Tgire. Further investigations reveal that a stable MMP can establish energy homeostasis, allocating more ATP within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to reduce protein accumulation in the ER, thereby enhancing the lignocellulases secretion in T. guizhouense under heat stress.

Conclusions

Overall, these findings underscored the significance of Tgparp as pivotal regulators in lignocellulose utilization under heat stress and provided further insights into the molecular mechanism of filamentous fungi in utilizing lignocellulose.
Cardiac transplant rejection assessment with 18F-FDG PET-CT: initial single-centre experience for diagnosis and management
Authors: Dar Owais , Dulay Mansimran Singh , Riesgo-Gil Fernando , Morley-Smith Andrew , Brookes Paul , Lyster Haifa , Rice Alexandra , Underwood Stephen R. , Dunning John , Wechalekar Kshama
Published: April 2024

Background

Rejection is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in heart transplant (HTx) recipients. Current methods for diagnosing rejection have limitations. Imaging methods to map the entire left ventricle and reliably identify potential sites of rejection is lacking. Animal studies suggest FDG PET-CT (FDG PET) could have potential application in human HTx recipients.

Methods

Between December 2020 and February 2022, all HTx recipients at Harefield Hospital, London, with definite or suspected rejection underwent FDG PET in addition to routine work-up.

Results

Thirty HTx recipients (12 with definite and 18 with suspected rejection) underwent FDG PET scans. Overall, 12 of the 30 patients had FDG PET with increased myocardial avidity, of whom 2 died (17%). Eighteen patients of the 30 patients had FDG PET with no myocardial avidity and all are alive (100%, p = 0.15). All patients with definite rejection, scanned within 2 weeks of starting anti-rejection treatment, showed increased myocardial avidity. In 5 cases, FDG PET showed myocardial avidity beyond 6 weeks despite pulsed steroid treatment, suggesting unresolved myocardial rejection.

Conclusion

Preliminary findings suggest FDG PET may have a role in diagnosing cardiac transplant rejection. Future blinded studies are needed to help further validate this.
Frontal ghost tumour: a case report
Authors: Mathew Mesi , Gundu Isaac , Aruna Afeez Ajibade , Gana Samuel Isa , Mahmud Muhammad Raji , Jimoh Abdullahi Onimisi
Published: April 2024

Background

Ghost tumors spontaneously disappear or decrease to less than 70% before definitive diagnosis and treatment (other than steroid treatment). We report our experience with a patient who had not received steroids, and the challenges of managing a ghost tumor from a developing country.

Case presentation

A 71 year old female with frontal mass, right proptosis, and frontal headache. Mass was confirmed by cranial CT scan but entirely resolved while the patient was awaiting surgery. Further follow-up at 6 months revealed clinical and MRI evidence of recurrence. Ghost tumors are no myths and can recur!

Conclusion

It is imperative to closely follow up with patients who have complete resolution of brain tumors prior to definitive treatment.
Biological characteristics of two pathogens causing brown blotch in Agaricus Bisporus and the toxin identification of Cedecea neteri
Authors: Huang Zaixing , Huang Yiyun , Nie Yulu , Liu Bin
Published: April 2024

Brown blotch disease in Agaricus bisporus reduces its commercial value, resulting in significant economic losses. The pathogens of brown blotch disease are diverse. Current research on the biological characteristics and toxins has been limited to Pseudomonas tolaasii but lacks understanding of other pathogens. Understanding the biological characteristics of the pathogens and identifying their toxins are essential prerequisites for disease prevention and control. This study isolated two pathogens from brown discoloration in A. bisporus in Guangxi, China, and identified them as Pseudomonas tolaasii and Cedecea neteri. C. neteri exhibited stronger resistance to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and H2O2 and a broader pH adaptation range than P. tolaasii. P. tolaasii showed higher swimming motility than C. neteri. C. neteri produces two toxins identified as phenylacetic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, causing browning symptoms in A. bisporus at 20 μg and 10 μg, respectively. The present study compared various biological characteristics between P. tolaasii and C. neteri. The toxins produced by C. neteri were extracted and identified, and their toxicity to A. bisporus was evaluated, which is the first report on C. neteri toxins. These discoveries have enhanced our understanding of the biological characteristics and biotoxins of C. neteri. The research findings offer new insights for developing novel disease prevention and control strategies.
Women Weavers and Their Agency
Authors: Pishkhani Golnesa Rezanezhad
Published: April 2024

This article explores women’s agency in the production of handwoven rugs in both rural and urban areas of contemporary northern Iran. It examines research data through an intersectional lens to understand how various factors render subjects able or unable to apply a specific form of agency in relation to the handweaving tradition in northern Iran. This study is the result of empirical research in two villages, Sakineh-abaad and Anbarran, and two cities, Rasht and Tehran. While for one group of women weaving is incompatible with modern ideals of womanhood and provides no means of class mobility, for the other group weaving is an empowering tool and a resource for gaining economic and cultural capital. Each group of research participants shows a specific form of agency and multiple experiences of subjecthood embedded in its weaving practices.
Muslim Women and Social Activism
Authors: Ghafournia Nafiseh
Published: April 2024

Despite the increasing inclusion of intersections of sexual, racial, and class differences in contemporary feminist theory, there remains an omission in the scholarship in terms of exploring the intersections of religion (Islam), gender, and sexual violence. This article addresses this gap in the literature by focusing on the #MosqueMeToo movement. Using an intersectional lens, the article provides an overview of this movement from current literature as well as content analysis of a number of Twitter (now X) posts. It examines the potential, strength, and impact of the movement and explores how it provides Muslim women with an accessible way to share their lived experiences. Moreover, the article elucidates the current backlash and self-reflections in response to the movement.
Αξιολόγηση της υπολογιστικής σκέψης στις Α΄ και Β΄ τάξεις δημοτικού στα πλαίσια της διδασκαλίας των φυσικών επιστημών μέσω τη δημιουργίας ψηφιακών παιχνιδιών
Authors: Κανάκη Καλλιόπη
Published: April 2024

Στη διατριβή αυτή, παρουσιάζουμε ένα καινοτόμο εργαλείο αξιολόγησης βασικών δεξιοτήτων της υπολογιστικής σκέψης, το οποίο είναι αναπτυξιακά κατάλληλο για μαθητές της Α΄ και Β΄ τάξης του Δημοτικού. Ο βασικός πυλώνας του είναι το υπολογιστικό περιβάλλον PhysGramming (ακρωνύμιο του Physical Science Programming), που παρέχει στους χρήστες τη δυνατότητα να δημιουργήσουν τα δικά τους ψηφιακά παιχνίδια (στο κείμενο χρησιμοποιείται το αρσενικό γραμματικό γένος για λόγους συντομίας). Η έρευνά μας επικεντρώθηκε σε τρία βασικά σημεία: 1.Στον έλεγχο της αξιοπιστίας και της εγκυρότητας των αποτελεσμάτων που προκύπτουν από την εφαρμογή του προτεινόμενου εργαλείου αξιολόγησης. 2. Στην εφαρμογή του εργαλείου αξιολόγησης στη σχολική τάξη, με σκοπό την ανάδειξη των επιπέδων βασικών δεξιοτήτων της υπολογιστικής σκέψης μαθητών πρώτης σχολικής ηλικίας. 3. Στον έλεγχο της συσχέτισης των επιπέδων δομικών δεξιοτήτων της υπολογιστικής σκέψης με την κατανόηση του περιεχόμενου του μαθήματος της Μελέτης του Περιβάλλοντος. Με άλλα λόγια, ο στόχος ήταν να ελέγξουμε εάν υπάρχει συσχέτιση των υψηλών μαθησιακών επιδόσεων σε επιστημονικά πεδία, με τα υψηλά επίπεδα βασικών δεξιοτήτων της υπολογιστικής σκέψης. Όσον αφορά στην υλοποίηση της ερευνητικής διαδικασίας, όλα τα στάδιά της πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε σαφώς καθορισμένο και ισχυρό πλαίσιο δεοντολογίας. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 435 μαθητές Δημοτικών σχολείων στο Ηράκλειο της Κρήτης, στα πλαίσια του μαθήματος της Μελέτης του Περιβάλλοντος. Σχετικά με την αναγκαιότητα της έρευνάς μας, αυτή προκύπτει από την επισκόπηση της διεθνούς βιβλιογραφίας, όπου αναδεικνύεται η έλλειψη εργαλείων αξιολόγησης της υπολογιστικής σκέψης, ιδιαίτερα στην προσχολική και πρώτη σχολική ηλικία. Η πρωτοτυπία της έρευνάς μας αφορά στην κατασκευή εργαλείου αξιολόγησης, του οποίου η «καρδιά» είναι το PhysGramming, που ικανοποιεί τις ανάγκες των σύγχρονων μαθητών, που ως ψηφιακοί αυτόχθονες δεν αρκούνται στην παθητική χρήση της ψηφιακής τεχνολογίας, αλλά αρέσκονται στην κατασκευή προϊόντων της. Επιπλέον, απ’ όσο γνωρίζουμε, δεν έχει ελεγχθεί αν υπάρχει συσχέτιση των μαθησιακών επιδόσεων σε επιστημονικά πεδία, με τα επίπεδα βασικών δεξιοτήτων της υπολογιστικής σκέψης. Σημαντική καινοτομία συνιστά και η αξιολόγηση των επιπέδων βασικών δεξιοτήτων της υπολογιστικής σκέψης, ανεξάρτητα από εκπαιδευτικές δραστηριότητες που αποσκοπούν στην ενδυνάμωσή της. Θεωρούμε ότι η ερευνητική μας πρόταση θα συνεισφέρει στην εξέλιξη του επιστημονικού πεδίου που αφορά στην καλλιέργεια της υπολογιστικής σκέψης, εφόσον η ύπαρξη έγκυρων και αξιόπιστων εργαλείων αξιολόγησης επιτρέπει: (α) την αξιολόγηση των επιπέδων της υπολογιστικής σκέψης, ώστε να σχεδιαστούν στοχευμένες διδακτικές παρεμβάσεις για την ανάπτυξή της και (β) την αξιολόγηση της αποτελεσματικότητας των εν λόγω διδακτικών παρεμβάσεων, όσον αφορά στην επίτευξη των μαθησιακών στόχων που θέτουν.
Στατιστική διερεύνηση της συμβολής και της επίδρασης των νέων τεχνολογιών στην εκμάθηση παιδιών ηλικίας 4-8 ετών και της ειδικής αγωγής
Authors: Καλτσίδου Δέσποινα
Published: April 2024

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στη μελέτη του πώς η διδασκαλία με τη χρήση των Νέων Τεχνολογιών μπορεί να συμβάλλει στην επίδοση των μαθητών έναντι της παραδοσιακής διδασκαλίας. Σκοπός της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι να διερευνηθεί σε ποιον βαθμό μπορούν οι Νέες Τεχνολογίες να συμβάλλουν στη βελτίωση της επίδοσης των μαθητών των πολύ χαμηλών βαθμίδων εκπαίδευσης (νήπια και Α’ Δημοτικού). Επιπρόσθετα, θα διερευνηθεί η γνώμη των γονέων των μικρών μαθητών σχετικά με τη συμβολή των Νέων Τεχνολογιών, και θα αποτυπωθεί η αντίληψή τους ως προς τις θετικές και τις αρνητικές επιπτώσεις των Νέων Τεχνολογιών. Στους επιμέρους στόχους της διδακτορικής διατριβής περιλαμβάνονται η αξιολόγηση του δείκτη νοημοσύνης ανά ηλικιακή ομάδα, η διαφοροποίηση των επιδόσεων και του επιπέδου νοημοσύνης ανά φύλο και ηλικιακή ομάδα, και η ενδεχόμενη σχέση της επίδοσης των μαθητών με το μορφωτικό επίπεδο των γονέων. Στους γονείς που δέχτηκαν και συμμετείχαν στην έρευνα, διανεμήθηκε ένα ερωτηματολόγιο με στόχο να διερευνηθεί η γνώμη τους σχετικά με τη θετική και αρνητική επίδραση των Τεχνολογιών Πληροφοριών και Επικοινωνίας (Τ.Π.Ε.). Διερευνήθηκε, επίσης, αν η γνώμη τους επηρεάζεται από τα προσωπικά τους χαρακτηριστικά (φύλο, μορφωτικό επίπεδο, εθνικότητα, εμπειρία στη χρήση Η/Υ και διαδικτύου). Τέλος, διερευνήθηκε η άποψη των γονέων ως προς τα διαδικτυακά μαθήματα κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας Covid-19.
Συγκριτική μελέτη της έκφρασης γονιδίων που σχετίζονται με την πολυδυναμικότητα των βλαστικών κυττάρων σε μεσεγχυματικά κύτταρα προερχόμενα απο ομφαλίδες φυσιολογικών και παθολογικών εμβρύων με υπολειπόμενη ενδομήτρια ανάπτυξη (Ιntra-Uterine growth restriction, IUGR)
Authors: Φωτεινόπουλος Παναγιώτης
Published: April 2024

Εισαγωγή και σκοπός της μελέτης: Η υπολειπόμενη ενδομήτρια ανάπτυξη (Intrauterine growth restriction, IUGR) συνιστά ένα παγκόσμιο πρόβλημα υγείας. Τα άτομα που γεννιούνται με υπολειπόμενη ανάπτυξη αποκτούν με επιγενετικό τρόπο μια σειρά από γονιδιακές προσαρμογές "λιτού φαινοτύπου" σύμφωνα με την υπόθεση του Barker και είναι επιρρεπή να αναπτύξουν στη ζωή τους μια σειρά από μεταβολικά νοσήματα. Τα μικρά για την ηλικία κύησης έμβρυα (Small for Gestational Age, SGA) συνιστούν μια μεταβατική ομάδα ανάμεσα στα IUGR και στα έμβρυα με φυσιολογική ανάπτυξη (Appro-priate for Gestational Age, AGA). Στην παρούσα βιβλιογραφία υπάρχει περιορισμένη γνώση σχετικά με το εάν η IUGR ή SGA κατάσταση μπορεί να επηρεάσει την πλειοδυναμικότητα των μεσεγχυματικών βλαστικών κυττάρων προερχομένων από ομφαλίδες (Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells, UC-MSCs) αναφορικά με την γονιδιακή έκφραση σε διάφορες καλλιεργητικές σειρές. Μέθοδοι και υλικό: Στην παρούσα μελέτη μελετήσαμε την έκφραση δεικτών πλειοδυναμικότητας σε UC-MSCs από συνολικά 21 AGA, IUGR, και SGA έμβρυα. Μελετήθηκε σε σειρές κυτταροκαλλιέργειών Ρ0 και Ρ1 η σχετική έκφραση των κρίσιμων γονιδιών IGF2BP1, CMYC, GLI1, P21, NANOG, OCT4, και SOX2 που εμπλέκονται στην πλειοδυναμικότητα, τον κυτταρικό πολλαπλασιασμό και την διατήρηση του βλαστικού χαρακτήρα των UC-MSCs με τη χρήση κυτταρομετρίας ροής και qPCR. Αποτελέσματα: Βρέθηκαν μειωμένα επίπεδα έκφρασης της IGF2BP1 στην ομάδα IUGR (P=0.044) και της P21 στην ομάδα SGA (P=0.024) στην σειρά P0 σε σχέση με την ομάδα ελέγχου. Τα GLI1 και OCT4 παρουσιάσαν μικρότερη έκφραση στην ομάδα IUGR ως προς την ομάδα AGA στην σειρά Ρ1 (P=0.0434 και P=0.0343 αντίστοιχα). Η διάμεση έκφραση της NANOG διέφερε στατιστικά μεταξύ AGA και IUGR στην P0 (P=0.034) και P1 (P=0.0205). Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν σημαντικές αλλαγές της μέσης έκφρασης των SOX2 και CMYC ανάμεσα στις διάφορες ομάδες στις σειρές Ρ0 και Ρ1. Συμπεράσματα: Η συγκριτική ανάλυση της έκφρασης γονιδιακών δεικτών πλειοδυναμικότητας και του βλαστικού χαρακτήρα UC-MSCs από τις προαναφερθείσες αναπτυξιακές ομάδες αποτελεί ένα καινοφανές περιγραφικό στοιχείο της παρούσης μελέτης που προσθέτει νέες προοπτικές στην υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία.
Συμβολή στην μελέτη επιγενετικών μεταβολών στο ακανθοκυτταρικό καρκίνωμα της στοματικής κοιλότητας
Authors: Χατζηβασιλείου Απόστολος
Published: April 2024

Η μεθυλίωση του DNA έχει αποδειχτεί ότι διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στην ανάπτυξη διαφόρων τύπων καρκίνου, μέσω μηχανισμών όπως η απενεργοποίηση ογοκατασταλτικών γονιδίων. Το DCC(18q21.2) είναι ένα δυνητικά ογκοκατασταλτικό γονίδιο και η μεθυλίωση του έχει συσχετιστεί με διάφορα νεοπλάσματα, όπως το καρκίνωμα από πλακώδη κύτταρα του στόματος (ΚΠΕ). Στην παρούσα μελέτη, διερευνήθηκε η DCC μεθυλίωση σε 20 περιστατικά Ομαλού λειχήνα, 62 λευκοπλακίας, 39 ΚΠΕ καθώς και 12 φυσιολογικού ιστού. Εφαρμόστηκε η τεχνική της δισουλφιδικής τροποποίησης/κατεργασίας του DNA σε συνδυασμό με την αλυσιδωτή αντίδραση πολυμεράσης ειδική στη μεθυλίωση. Επιπλέον εκτιμήθηκε ανοσοιστοχημικά και η έκφραση του DCC μορίου. Η DCC μεθυλίωση βρέθηκε αυξημένη στα περιστατικά ΚΠΕ εν συγκρίσει με τη λευκοπλακία και τους φυσιολογικούς ιστούς με στατιστική σημαντικότητα. Αντιθέτως δεν διαπιστώθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά στη γονιδιακή έκφραση του DCC στα διάφορα περιστατικά. Τα αποτελέσματα επιβεβαιώνουν το ρόλο του DCC ως ογκοκατασταλτικού γονιδίου που αδρανοποιείται μέσω μεθυλίωσης στις περιπτώσεις ΚΠΕ, εύρημα που θα μπορούσε να συσχετιστεί με τη διάγνωση και πρόγνωση του καρκινώματος.
A cross-sectional study on the impact of bedside echocardiography in critically ill pediatric patient’s management in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Sai Priya K Sri Sita Naga , Taksande Amar
Published: April 2024

Background Bedside echocardiography has emerged as a valuable diagnostic tool in intensive care units, aiding the prompt evaluation of cardiovascular function in critically ill patients. However, its application in the pediatric population, particularly within rural healthcare settings, still needs to be explored. This study aims to assess the influence of bedside echocardiography on the management and outcomes of critically ill pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary care center in rural Maharashtra, India. Methods A cross-sectional study will be conducted in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital from July 2022 to July 2024 on 88 participants. The study will enroll critically ill pediatric patients aged one month to 18 years who meet the inclusion criteria. Data collection will involve comprehensive clinical assessments, echocardiography performed by pediatric cardiologists, and documentation of demographic information, clinical history, interventions, and outcomes. Statistical analyses will encompass descriptive statistics, correlation assessments, and significance testing. Expected results This study aims to elucidate the indications and necessity of echocardiography in pediatric patients, correlate echocardiographic findings with clinical interventions, and assess their impact on patient outcomes. It seeks to contribute valuable insights into the utility of bedside echocardiography in rural PICUs and its potential to inform clinical decision making.
Determinants of immediate postpartum long acting reversible contraceptive utilization among women who gave birth in public health facilities in northwest Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study design
Authors: Adella Getachew Asmare , Abtew Getiye Kibret , Gellaw Mihiret Tesfaw , Kassie Gizachew Ambaw , Gesese Molalegn Mesele , Abebe Endeshaw Chekol , Mengstie Misganaw Asmamaw , Seid Mohammed Abdu , Feleke Sefineh Fenta , Dejenie Tadesse Asmamaw , Bantie Berihun , Solomon Yenealem , Zemene Melkamu Aderajew , Dessie Anteneh Mengist , Anley Denekew Tenaw , Bayih Wubet Alebachew , Tesfa Natnael Amare , Gebeyehu Natnael Atnafu
Published: April 2024

Background The aftermath of childbirth plays a vital role in addressing unmet family planning requirements and is instrumental in mitigating the risks associated with pregnancies that are closely spaced. Recognizing factors that indicate immediate postpartum utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptives is essential for crafting focused initiatives. This helps meet unaddressed family planning needs and contributes to the reduction of maternal and child mortality rates in the country. Therefore, this research aimed to pinpoint factors influencing the utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptives immediately after childbirth among women delivering in public health facilities in northwest Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based unmatched case-control study was carried out, involving 342 postpartum women (comprising 108 cases and 216 controls) who delivered in public health facilities in northwest Ethiopia. Data collection involved employing a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, and binary logistic regression analysis was conducted. The statistically significant association between independent factors and the outcome variable was assessed using the adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval, considering a p-value less than 0.05. Result The educational status of women at secondary level and above (AOR=2.314, 95% CI=1.645-5.043), adherence to ANC follow-up (AOR=2.930, 95% CI=1.829-4.769), lack of desire to have a child (AOR=1.421, 95% CI=1.026-2.006), receiving counseling (AOR=3.029, 95% CI=2.085-5.988), and possessing knowledge (AOR=1.642, 95% CI=1.086-3.186) were identified as significantly correlated with immediate postpartum LARC utilization at p <0.05. Conclusion In this investigation, the utilization of immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) was significantly linked to women’s educational attainment, attendance at antenatal care (ANC), their desire for additional children, counseling, and knowledge about immediate postpartum LARC. To promote family planning in the postnatal phase, it is recommended to prioritize maternal education, offer comprehensive counseling and health education, and enhance adherence to targeted ANC services.
A data set of Japanese corporates’ green transformation technologies patents
Authors: Jiang Jiaming , Zhao Yu , Feng Junshi
Published: April 2024

Abstract* In 2020, the Government of Japan declared 2050 “carbon neutral” and launched a long-term strategy to create a “virtuous cycle of economy and environment.” Japanese corporations possess many technologies that contribute to decarbonization, which is important for expanding investments in green transformation technology inventory (GXTI) development. Patent data are the most reliable measure of business performance for applied research and development activities when investigating knowledge domains or technological evolution. Our paper describes a Japanese patent dataset of Japanese corporations’ green transformation (GX) patent applications on the Japan Platform for Patent Information, using a search method of bombinating International Patent Classification (IPC) codes and keywords. The dataset contains 37,476 GX patent applications from 298 corporations during the period 1999–2022.
‘Almost nothing is firmly established’: A History of Heredity and Genetics in Mental Health Science
Authors: Chaney Sarah , Marks Sarah , Wynter Rebecca
Published: April 2024

Background For more than a century, scientists have tried to find the key to causation of mental ill health in heredity and genetics. The difficulty of finding clear and actionable answers in our genes has not stopped them looking. This history offers important context to understanding mental health science today. Methods This article explores the main themes in research on genetics and inheritance in psychiatry from the second half of the nineteenth century to the present day, to address the question: what is the history of genetics as a causative explanation in mental health science? We take a critical historical approach to the literature, interrogating primary and secondary material for the light it brings to the research question, while considering the social and historical context. Results We begin with the statistics gathered in asylums and used to ‘prove’ the importance of heredity in mental ill health. We then move through early twentieth century Mendelian models of mental inheritance, the eugenics movement, the influence of social psychiatry, new classifications and techniques of the postwar era, the Human Genome Project and Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and epigenetics. Setting these themes in historical context shows that this research was often popular because of wider social, political and cultural issues, which impacted the views of scientists just as they did those of policymakers, journalists and the general public. Conclusions We argue that attempting to unpick this complex history is essential to the modern ethics of mental health and genetics, as well as helping to focus our efforts to better understand causation in mental ill-health.
El videojuego en la periferia. Prácticas culturales desde los márgenes del OCIO digital
Authors: Navarrete Cardero José Luis , Ramírez-Moreno Carlos
Published: April 2024

Este libro examina el mundo de los videojuegos desde distintos ángulos. El contenido comprende análisis de juegos específicos, como en el caso de Horizon: Zero Dawn, donde se estudian las tensiones estructurales imaginarias del juego. También aborda temáticas sociales, como la inclusión de identidades periféricas en el mundo de los videojuegos y el impacto de los estereotipos en la representación de personajes o roles. Se analiza la evolución y situación actual del mercado de videojuegos, y reflexiona sobre la relación entre tecnología y educación artística y lúdica. Además, el autor destaca la importancia de la investigación académica en el sector, y cómo esta puede ayudar a entender el impacto de los videojuegos no sólo en la cultura popular, sino también en la sociedad en general.
Crisis en Ecuador. La revocatoria de mandato entre otras vías (fallidas) de salida anticipada del presidente Guillermo Lasso (2022-2023)
Authors: Eberhardt María Laura , Basabe-Serrano Santiago
Published: April 2024

La revocatoria de mandato es un mecanismo constitucional que habilita una salida anticipada de los gobernantes por parte de la ciudadanía. En Ecuador alcanza al presidente. Allí, su diseño legal sufrió importantes y contradictorias modificaciones, que afectaron su poder de accountability vertical. Tan es así que, hasta el momento, ningún proceso revocatorio fue votado contra un presidente ecuatoriano. Un intento cercano, aunque fallido, ocurrió en 2022, cuando un colectivo social presentó una solicitud contra el presidente Guillermo Lasso. Este trabajo da cuenta de su fracaso y repasa otras vías de cese prematuro del Ejecutivo que se activaron simultáneamente. En definitiva, se busca dilucidar el potencial y límites de la revocatoria para resolver graves crisis asociadas a la figura del presidente.
Gestión de la Agencia Nacional de Tierras en la implementación del deslinde en ciénagas del sur de Bolívar (años 2015-2022)
Authors: Quinche Roa Juan Manuel
Published: April 2024

Este artículo analiza los primeros siete años de gestión de la Agencia Nacional de Tierras en la implementación del deslinde, como se conoce al procedimiento agrario que busca delimitar las tierras que son propiedad de la nación, como las ciénagas y los playones. Tras revisar su escasa ejecución en el sur del departamento de Bolívar, este trabajo sostiene que para el año 2022, las reformas introducidas con ocasión del Acuerdo de Paz negociado entre el Estado colombiano y la guerrilla de las FARC no habían dinamizado los deslindes. Por el contrario, la revisión de comunicaciones, actas y expedientes oficiales, evidencia que continúan problemas endémicos de la autoridad agraria, como son la falta de capacidad institucional y la escasa coordinación interinstitucional.
El régimen de inmunidades y privilegios diplomáticos en derecho internacional: ¿una mera costumbre internacional o una realidad progresiva y conflictiva en la actualidad?
Authors: Riaño Tovar Camilo Elías
Published: April 2024

Dentro del desarrollo del derecho internacional público, el tema del régimen de inmunidades y privilegios diplomáticos; con cuestiones más relevantes al interior del derecho internacional público, surge a raíz de una serie de ejercicios relacionados con el derecho internacional público. Este tema ha tenido avances significativos y, a su vez, grandes controversias a lo largo de la historia y evolución misma del área. Lo anterior tiene una estrecha vinculación con el accionar de la diplomacia a nivel internacional. Se han utilizado en las relaciones internacionales, la conducción de las relaciones diplomáticas y de forma conexa; el uso de los ejercicios diplomáticos entre sujetos del derecho internacional. Desde principios del siglo XX, su importancia solo ha crecido gracias a la globalización y la constante interacción dentro de nuestro planeta. Así mismo, es posible realizar dentro de un ejercicio sinalagmático, un análisis fundamentado principalmente en el derecho internacional consuetudinario, los tratados internacionales de 1961 y 1963 sobres misiones diplomáticas; haciendo énfasis particularmente con la consolidación de nuevos sujetos del derecho internacional público, para determinar si su aplicación es absoluta y de forma trasversal a quienes son considerados en su momento, los sujetos estelares del derecho internacional público actual. Lo anterior, sin lugar a dudas, puede representar el surgimiento de nuevas controversias alrededor de su carácter especial dentro del sistema jurídico internacional, que por momentos debe ser bastante cuidadoso y limitado a la naturaleza misma de la controversia sobre la aplicación de las inmunidades. El objetivo de este escrito es la realización de un análisis sobre los fundamentos del derecho internacional acerca del régimen de inmunidades y privilegios diplomáticos con las particularidades que han surgido a través de la aparición de nuevos sujetos del derecho internacional público; particularmente vinculado con las organizaciones internacionales, y dar una aproximación conceptual hacia algunas conclusiones basada en los análisis recopilados en el desarrollo del texto, además de una conclusión sobre la situación actual de este tema en el derecho internacional público.
¿Cómo ha evolucionado la noción de garantías de no repetición en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos?
Authors: Bazán Abanto Victoria , Carranza Sotomayor Lucía , Pillco Nina Xiomara
Published: April 2024

El artículo comienza analizando la obligación de reparar y las formas de reparación integral contempladas en el ámbito del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos: 1) restitución; 2) compensación o indemnización; 3) rehabilitación; 4) medida de satisfacción; y 5) garantía de no repetición. A continuación, se analizan las garantías de no repetición desde la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos; luego se enfatiza su fundamento normativo para después ahondar en su evolución agrupándolas en: 1) adopción de normativa internacional en el derecho interno; 2) programas en materia de educación; y 3) medidas para frenar la impunidad. Finalmente, las autoras hacen una reflexión importante del surgimiento de las garantías de no repetición como parte de la reparación integral y como puente de creación y transformación de un Estado reivindicador de derechos humanos.
Biogénesis del derecho internacional ambiental: el principio de bioconservación como mecanismo de protección ecológica
Authors: Guerrero Gutiérrez Juan Sebastián
Published: April 2024

La comunidad global contemporánea presencia una era de incertidumbre en la que los riesgos ambientales han mutado convirtiéndose en peligros reales y latentes, desencadenando el conflicto más complejo de nuestros tiempos. La degradación ecológica pone en peligro las condiciones de habi- tabilidad a tal punto que amenaza la subsistencia del género humano, lo cual ha despertado la conciencia antropolítica de la comunidad planetaria, influyendo en los principales actores de derecho internacional para establecer mecanismos globales de protección ecológica. Así, los Estados empezaron a adoptar diferentes instrumentos multilaterales y de vocación universal, con el objetivo de conservar la biodiversidad, la ecósfera, y sus ciclos vitales en interdependencia con el derecho humano al medio ambiente. La biogénesis del derecho internacional ambiental es un acercamiento sistémico al origen de la conservación de la vida, para contribuir en la estructuración del interés jurídico universal de protección biótica, que ha sido plasmado difusamente en declaraciones, principios y acuerdos internacionales, entre otros instrumentos, y que por su ímpetu ha reformulado los intereses comunes planetarios, e integrado preceptos ecológicos ampliamente reconocidos en el corpus iuris del derecho internacional, expandiendo el imperativo ambiental en todos los ámbitos internacionales, principalmente en los sistemas regionales de derechos humanos, que por su fin y ámbito de aplicación fungen como auténticos mecanismos de protección ecológica.
Apparent Modulus of Honeycomb Structure: A Guideline for Porous Structure Implant Design
Authors:   Department of Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat Universitry, Thailand, Sanpanyawai Pornpon , Inglam Samroeng ,   Department of Oral Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat Universitry, Thailand, Chantarapanich Nattapon ,   Digital Industrial Design and Manufacturing Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Thailand, Poomparnich Kopchai ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Thailand
Published: April 2024

Objectives: To investigated the apparent modulus of honeycomb to be used as a guideline for facilitating porous structure implant design. Methods: Apparent modulus of each honeycomb model was developed based on finite element analysis. Geometry of honeycomb structures included circumcircle radius of 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm with wall high of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.0 mm. Results: Hexagonal shape of honeycomb structure with circumcircle radius 2 mm was compared with circle with 2 mm diameter, both with wall thickness of 1 mm. The relationship is beset described by logarithm equation with coefficient of correlation above 0.99. It was found that reduction of modulus for circular shape is 60 percents. The value is greater than hexagonal pattern which is 50 percents of reduction. Conclusions: The relationship between height of honeycomb and reduction of apparent modulus of each specific circumcircle radius of honeycomb is beset described in logarithm equation and as a guideline for facilitating porous structure implant design.
Comparison of the Shear Bond Strength of Compomer Bonding on Different Enamel Surface Preparations
Authors:   Master Student, Master of Science Program in Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Gesama Chadamat , Khemaleelakul Wikanda ,   Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Sirabanchongkran Supassara ,   Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Published: April 2024

Objectives: To compare the effects of etching time and bonding agent application on the shear bond strength of compomer bonding in orthodontic bite raising. Methods: Seventy-five sectioned crown of maxillary premolar teeth were embedded in acrylic rings. The samples were divided into 5 groups according to enamel surface preparation before applying Ultra Band-Lok® (Reliance Orthodontic Products). Group 1: without surface preparation, Group 2: etched with 37% phosphoric acid (Kerr Gel Etchant, Kerr®) for 15 seconds, Group 3: etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds, then apply bonding (OptiBond™ FL), Group 4: etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds and Group 5: etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds, then apply bonding. All samples were put through the thermocycling procedure and then shear bond strength was tested using the Universal Testing Machine. The mean and standard deviation of shear bond strength were statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA and the enamel surface was observed by scanning electron microscope at 10,000x magnifications. Result: In Group 1, all Ultra Band-Lok® dislodged from the enamel surface during the thermocycling process. Consequently, shear bond strength testing could not be conducted for Group 1. The mean shear bond strength of Groups 2-5 were 19.80±7.06, 18.97±4.60, 18.04±5.09 and 16.80±5.47 MPa respectively. The mean shear bond strength of each group was not statistically significant difference (p=0.887). Conclusions: Varying enamel etching times (15 and 30 seconds) did not affect the compomer shear bond strength. Furthermore, the application of a bonding agent during tooth surface preparation did not significantly improve the bond strength between the compomer and the tooth surface.
Studies on the fatigue failure behaviour of novel carbon nanotube–glass composites
Authors:   CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Ghosh Sujan , Ghosh Arnab , Mukherjee Jonaki , Banerjee Rajat ,   University of Engineering and Management Kolkata,   Arka Jain University
Published: April 2024

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) based glass composites were fabricated through a melt-quench process and their fatigue failure properties were studied using a repeated indentation technique. The SWCNT–glass composites were found to exhibit significantly reduced damage in comparison to their respective base glasses, as corroborated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The fatigue resistance parameter (n) of the samples was determined where considerable increment in ‘n’ values in case of composites than that of the base glasses was observed. Moreover, a mathematical equation was also proposed for the theoretical estimation of the percentage enhancement in fatigue resistance parameter (In) of the composites and it was found to be in good agreement with the experimental values. Finally, the superior fatigue resistant behaviour of the SWCNT-glass composites was well elucidated with the help of cushioning effect and enhanced plasticity of the nanotube bundles embedded within the glass structure.
AVALIAÇÃO DO CONTROLE GLICÊMICO DE PACIENTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2
Authors: Da Silva Santos Maria Eduarda , Albuquerque Viol Livia , Rodrigues Beatriz , Roque Obreli Neto Paulo , Resende da Silva Luanna Gabriella , Oliveira Baldoni Andre , Rodrigues Coimbra Juliano
Published: April 2024

Introdução: O controle rígido da concentração sanguínea de glicose previne o surgimento e a progressão de complicações microvasculares relacionadas ao diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência de pacientes com DM2 atendidos na atenção primária à saúde (APS) do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) que apresentam controle glicêmico adequado. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com duração de cinco meses, na APS do SUS dos municípios de Bernardino de Campos e Salto Grande, SP. Os critérios de inclusão foram: diagnóstico médico de DM2, idade > 18 anos, ter realizado exames de glicemia de jejum e hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) há menos de 12 meses da coleta de dados, ser atendido nas unidades de saúde do estudo. Resultados:1313 pacientes possuíam idade > 18 anos, e diagnóstico médico de DM2; entretanto, 547 destes pacientes tinha realizado exame de glicemia de jejum e HbA1c há mais de 12 meses da coleta de dados, e consequentemente, não atenderam a todos os critérios de inclusão. Seiscentos e três pacientes atenderam a todos os critérios de inclusão e aceitaram participar do estudo. Foi verificado que 190 pacientes (31,5%) apresentaram glicemia de jejum e HbA1c dentro da meta recomendada pelas diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD). Conslusões: Os resultados mostraram que número elevado de pacientes com DM2 não alcança controle glicêmico adequado, e não realiza exames de glicemia de jejum e HbA1c na frequência recomendada pela SBD, sendo necessário a adoção de novas estratégias para mudar este cenário.