bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multigenre Narratives as a Healing Process
Authors: Bird Jennifer Lynne , Wanner Eric
Published: August 2013

This chapter uses the theory of narrative inquiry and the practice of multigenre writing to explain the implications of using writing to assist in healing from physical pain. Dr. Jennifer Bird has always used narratives and journal writing with the college students she teaches. During her physical therapy sessions with Dr. Eric Wanner, she realized a neck pain journal read by her physical therapist provided additional insights into pain recovery. In this chapter, Dr. Bird and Dr. Wanner share their perspectives of their collaborative narrative inquiry qualitative research project and advice of how writing can lead teachers to develop a stronger self-awareness of what they need both physically and emotionally.
Using Logic Models for Program Planning in K20 Education
Authors: Brown Carol Adamec
Published: August 2013

A well-designed logic model shows inter-connections within components of outreach programs, community projects, grant proposals, and even the design of a graduate internship. The logic model is a systematic display of inputs, outputs, outcomes, and impact on a community. One may define community as any group of people with a common vision, purpose, or problem. Relationships among people are the focal point for a community and the logic model can be used as a tool for fostering open communication within the community. The logic model is typically one of three approaches in design: 1) theoretical, 2) outcomes-based, or 3) activities approach. Use of a logic model ensures accountability for stakeholders, a tool for generating a common vision, and a method for reporting far-reaching impact as a result of activities identified for the model.
Online Learning
Authors: Reio Thomas G. , Ortega Cyntianna C. Ledesma
Published: August 2013

Online education continues to grow appreciably to meet both institutional needs for short- and long-term viability and student personal and professional needs for flexible delivery of course offerings. Faculty remains decidedly ambivalent, however, about the legitimacy of online course offerings. This doubt emerges from perceptions of: increased workloads as compared to face-to-face courses, inadequate compensation, lack of a fair reward system for promotion and tenure, and online course inferiority as a means of fostering optimal learning. After being identified through a structured review of recent empirical research, demotivators (e.g., questionable learning outcomes) and motivators (e.g., opportunity for personal growth) of faculty online teaching participation are examined through the lens of self-determination theory. Recommendations such as providing increased support are put forward to increase the likelihood of faculty online teaching.
Education Can be Gained from Errors
Authors: Tabor Erin L.
Published: August 2013

Plagiarism seems like a straightforward term that in institutions of higher education identifies an act of stealing ideas, usually in an assigned paper, without citing the author, and this type of incident usually results in the student who committed the infraction receiving a warning or a failing grade, and on the second infraction, the student usually receives a harsher form of punishment such as being dropped from the course or the incident is reported to the administration. These are the general positions that are described in many university policies. However, plagiarism can also be an accidental act on the part of a student because he or she has not learned how to properly cite a source yet and may not understand the importance of citing all information in a paper. For this reason, college students should not be immediately punished for something that may have been unintentional. Instead, when an infraction takes place, faculty members in higher education should facilitate understanding in students about citations so that incidences of plagiarism might decrease.
Andragogy around the World in K-20 Education
Authors: Henschke John A.
Published: August 2013

The author’s research in andragogy started in the late 1960s. More serious in-depth attempts were launched in 1997, just after Malcolm S. Knowles died—the author wanted to honor his legacy since he and his work in andragogy were influential in the author’s life. The author’s research yielded an instrument with the strongest factor being “teacher trust of learners”—a belief that applies all the way through K-20 Education. This is found to be so in doctoral dissertations, overarching trust behaviors, and threaded through the literature surrounding trust. Trust is found to be congruent between the author’s scholarship and practice. The foundation of this trust is rooted and reflected in the wisdom literature (Proverbs) of the Biblical Scriptures.
Assessing the Quality of Education for All
Authors: Vásquez-Colina María
Published: August 2013

Assessment of education has been identified as an important component of educational systems in South America and the Caribbean. Promoted and guided by UNESCO’s Education for All global initiative, a vast network of international organizations, government agencies, and nonprofit organizations to assess the quality of education in a significant number of countries in the region. This chapter attempts to answer why education should be evaluated, and how the quality of education is assessed in Latin American and the Caribbean. An overview of educational assessment processes, resources, networks, and issues within this reason are examined. Additionally, it proposes a value-based community partnership model for education.
The Driving Machine
Authors: Marcus Aaron
Published: August 2013

The Driving Machine seeks to provide an innovative vehicle dashboard that combines information design and persuasion design to change the driver’s behavior, promoting safety, fuel efficiency, and sustainability.
Experiences of an Online Doctoral Course in Teacher Education
Authors: Varnava-Marouchou Despina , Minott Mark A.
Published: August 2013

This chapter outlines the benefits and challenges experienced by two students who had completed an online doctoral programme at a popular United Kingdom university. Benefits include accessing courses from anywhere in the world, engaging in synchronous and asynchronous communication, and the development of creative thinking and reflective skills. The most important benefit was the fact that the online programme allowed the students to fulfill the dream of achieving a doctoral degree in teacher education while maintain family and work commitments. Some challenges of online learning include feelings of isolation, balancing family commitment with study, managing time, and coping with additional workload brought on by course requirements. The conclusion was made that the online environment is an excellent way of placing students at the centre of the learning experience, allowing them to have total control of their time and the process of learning. This, however, required an alteration in their thinking and a willingness to change certain attitudes about learning.
Plagiarism
Authors: Usoof Hakim , Hudson Brian , Lindgren Eva
Published: August 2013

Plagiarism has gained much public attention with media, corporations, and researchers leading the way. The general public’s perception is that plagiarism is a “plague” spreading without control within our educational institutes. Furthermore, a social perception has been created that the Internet is the “catalyst” of modern-day plagiarism. This chapter explores the domain of plagiarism, taking into consideration some definitions of plagiarism, the recent history, the cultural context, the view of students and teachers, and the situation in Distance Education. The chapter goes on to discuss the actual catalysts of plagiarism and methods used to detect plagiarism. Finally, the chapter forwards some good practices that may help prevent and act as deterrents of plagiarism and addresses challenges faced in tackling the problem of plagiarism.
Culturally Responsive Online Learning for Asian/Pacific Islanders in a Pacific Island University
Authors: Stoicovy Catherine E.
Published: August 2013

This chapter examines the socio-cultural contexts of Asian/Pacific islanders in a Western Pacific island to identify key components for culturally responsive online course development. A model for constructing an online learning environment is proposed using McLoughlin and Oliver’s (2000) principles as design frameworks for designing a culturally inclusive instructional design that will support Asian/Pacific islanders’ learning in blended courses.
Advances in FCA-based Applications for Social Networks Analysis
Authors: Aufaure Marie-Aude , Le Grand Bénédicte
Published: August 2013

Concept lattices have been widely used for various purposes in many different applications since the 1980s. Recent applications of Formal Concept Analysis include extensions of traditional FCA applications such as data and text mining, machine learning and knowledge management. Progress has also recently been made in software engineering, Semantic Web and databases. New applications have also emerged in the fields of healthcare, ecology, biology, agronomy, business and social networks. This article presents example of successful applications of FCA for Social Networks Analysis. We show the benefit of FCA solutions, as well as their combination with semantics and topology-based approaches. We conclude by presenting FCA-based visualization solutions and open challenges for FCA in the context of large and dynamic data.
Reducing Costs of Knowledge Transfer in Tourism Development using Historical Materials
Authors: Sawada Ayako , Yoshida Taketoshi , Horii Hiroshi , Horii Misato , Hayashi Masaharu
Published: August 2013

Recently, discovering local resources and utilizing them have been underway for the purpose to revitalize regional economies. The authors have conducted some activities for regional activation using historical materials such as old documents and maps. For these activities historians play an important role to discover and utilize local resources from historical materials. The cost of transferring historians’ knowledge about such resources to tour developers is high. In this study, a tour developer who is also a volunteer tour guide designed two tour courses featuring local historical material with the aid of a proposed information system. They clarify the role of the information system and the factors of reducing the costs of knowledge transfer in tourism development using historical materials from the view points of the sticky information.
Streamlining Efficient Behaviors for Knowledge Creation in Collaboration
Authors: Zhang Qi , Kosaka Michitaka , Nakamori Yoshiteru
Published: August 2013

Collaboration activities for knowledge creation have become popular, due to competition and marketplace demands. Most knowledge management (KM) has focused on organizational knowledge application and development. There is a lack of a framework on KM to discuss how people have efficient behaviors to cooperate with others for knowledge creation. This paper presents a service communication process based on a service-centered view to describe how people streamline behaviors for knowledge creation to reach a joint goal in collaboration through communications. The proposed framework is demonstrated by business-to-business collaboration cases.
Long-Term IgG Response to Porcine Neu5Gc Antigens without Transmission of PERV in Burn Patients Treated with Porcine Skin Xenografts
Authors: Scobie Linda , Padler-Karavani Vered , Le Bas-Bernardet Stephanie , Crossan Claire , Blaha Josef , Matouskova Magda , Hector Ralph D. , Cozzi Emanuele , Vanhove Bernard , Charreau Beatrice , Blancho Gilles , Bourdais Ludovic , Tallacchini Mariachiara , Ribes Juan M. , Yu Hai , Chen Xi , Kracikova Jitka , Broz Ludomir , Hejnar Jiri , Vesely Pavel , Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Varki Ajit , Soulillou Jean-Paul
Published: August 2013

Acellular materials of xenogenic origin are used worldwide as xenografts, and phase I trials of viable pig pancreatic islets are currently being performed. However, limited information is available on transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) after xenotransplantation and on the long-term immune response of recipients to xenoantigens. We analyzed the blood of burn patients who had received living pig-skin dressings for up to 8 wk for the presence of PERV as well as for the level and nature of their long term (maximum, 34 y) immune response against pig Ags. Although no evidence of PERV genomic material or anti-PERV Ab response was found, we observed a moderate increase in anti-αGal Abs and a high and sustained anti–non-αGal IgG response in those patients. Abs against the nonhuman sialic acid Neu5Gc constituted the anti–non-αGal response with the recognition pattern on a sialoglycan array differing from that of burn patients treated without pig skin. These data suggest that anti-Neu5Gc Abs represent a barrier for long-term acceptance of porcine xenografts. Because anti-Neu5Gc Abs can promote chronic inflammation, the long-term safety of living and acellular pig tissue implants in recipients warrants further evaluation.
Skills required for the management of Black-owned small enterprises in Soweto
Authors: Nkosi Ellen , Bounds Maria , Thomas Adele , Goldman Geoff
Published: August 2013

Orientation: This study sought to identify which business and management skills are present amongst Black small-business owners in Soweto, as small businesses are not always aware of the skills needed in order to be successful in business endeavours.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the most pertinent business and management skills required for the management of small enterprises in Soweto.Motivation for the study: Small-business creation is viewed as being a major contributor to economic growth. The motivation of the study was to foster understanding with regard to which business and management skills are essential to the longevity of a small business and to foster growth in small-business creation.Research design, approach and method: A qualitative survey was conducted amongst 25 Black-owned small enterprises in Soweto. Data were gathered by means of semi-structured interviews. Content analysis, using literature as basis for common themes forthcoming from the interviews, was employed as the means of data analysis.Main findings: The findings indicated that most enterprise owners lack management and business skills, that there is no single key success factor in managing small enterprises, that competitive advantage is seemingly overlooked and that small-enterprise owners seem to be driven by non-monetary rewards.Practical/managerial implications: The study affirmed that a contextualised approach to management is crucial, irrespective of the scope of the business and that strategy is considered in a different light in a small business.Contribution/value-add: Although the findings did not suggest anything contrary to the literature relating to skills, they did highlight the uniqueness of strategic management aspects in small enterprises and also alluded to the communal outlook of Black small-enterprise owners.
Mothers’ expectations of midwives’ care during labour in a public hospital in Gauteng
Authors: Sengane Malmsey
Published: August 2013

Background: Mothers develop expectations regarding midwives’ care during labour and when these are not met mothers become dissatisfied and eventually have negative experiences of their labour. It is only when mothers’ voices are heard by midwives in the labour ward that efficient and quality care will be provided. To ensure mothers have a positive experience of labour, midwives should include mothers’ expectations when caring for them.Objective: The purpose of the study on which this article is based was to determine mothers’ expectations of midwives’ care during labour. To achieve this purpose the researcher sought to explore and describe mothers’ expectations of midwives’ care during labour in a specific public hospital in Gauteng.Method: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual study design was used. Face-to-face, in-depth individual interviews were conducted with mothers about their expectations of midwives’ care during labour. Data were then analysed with an open descriptive method of coding (Tesch’s eight steps) that is appropriate for qualitative research to identify categories. The data was also analysed by an independent coder. The categories were subsequently placed within a holistic health promotive nursing theory that encompasses body, mind and spirit.Results: The findings revealed the provision of comfort and support as the two main aspects that the mothers expected from the midwives’ care. The mothers expected midwives to improve their communication skills with them (mothers) as well as with fathers or partners if they were available. The mothers expected midwives to facilitate bonding between mother, father and baby, and also encouraged the midwives to improve their (midwives’) knowledge, skills and morale.Conclusion: The results of this study should assist midwives in providing holistic quality care to mothers during labour, thus providing satisfaction and positive experiences of the mothers’ labour.
Shifts and continuities in Zulu personal naming practices
Authors: Ngubane Sihawukele , Thabethe Nompumelelo
Published: August 2013

It is widely accepted that, in all societies, personal naming practices and culture are intertwined. Given that culture is not static, but dynamic and ever changing, personal names have undergone a major transformation due to socio-cultural and political factors. This article reflects on shifts and continuities in the practice of personal naming amongst the Zulu people. Emerging data demonstrate the evolution from pre-colonial Africa to the post-1994 period in South Africa. It is further illustrated that the reclaiming of indigenous names in the new democratic dispensation is perceived as a way for Africans to re-define and re-affirm their identities, thus de-stigmatising their culture. Ultimately, this article makes a strong argument that personal naming, in any society, is not detached from the socio-cultural environment. Rather, personal naming and culture are inextricably linked to socio-political conditions at any historical moment. This is demonstrated in the shift from personal naming practices greatly inspired by communal values to those steeped in contradictions within the epoch of neo-liberal capitalism. It is, therefore, concluded that shifts in people’s consciousness lead to fundamental shifts in personal naming practices.
Delayed breast cancer presentation: hospital data should inform proactive primary care
Authors: Marcus Tessa S. , Lunda Samy , Fernandez Leticia
Published: August 2013

Background: Breast (and cervical) cancer affects a growing proportion of women in South Africa. Although treatable, where health literacy is low, women typically seek medical attention only when their condition is at an advanced stage and difficult to contain.Objectives: To understand the sociodemographic characteristics of women who present with advanced breast cancer in order to intervene proactively in primary care.Method: A retrospective analysis of women with advanced breast cancer (Stage IIb and higher) at a Level 2 regional hospital in South Africa (2007–2010).Results: The average age amongst the 103 women enrolled in this study was 59. One-third of the women had secondary education, 35% were unemployed and two-thirds were notmarried. Nearly 11% (n = 11) of the women had previously had cancer. Lumps (n = 87) werethe most common reason for seeking healthcare and were, together with axillary lymphnode abnormalities (84.5% and 19.4% respectively), the most common clinical symptoms. Symptoms were noticed by 52% (n = 54) of the women more than six months prior to their first consultation. A personal history of cancer increased threefold the odds of presenting within three months. Middle-aged women were twice as likely as those < 45 and > 65 to report within three to six months. Secondary education increased the odds of presenting within three to six months by 56%. Employment and marital status were not significant.Conclusion: The women most at risk for delayed detection and treatment were those without a history of breast cancer, aged < 45 and > 65, with low education. They can best be reached through low-cost community orientated primary care that proactively provides health education and promotes self- and clinical examination at the individual, family, clinic and general practitioner level.
Antigenic Variation in H5N1 clade 2.1 Viruses in Indonesia from 2005 to 2011
Authors: Setiawaty Vivi , Pratiwi Eka , Pawestri Hana A. , Ibrahim Fera , Soebandrio Amin
Published: August 2013

Influenza A (H5N1) virus, has spread to several countries in the world and has a high mortality rate. Meanwhile, the virus has evolved into several clades. The human influenza A (H5N1) virus circulating in Indonesia is a member of clade 2.1, which is different in antigenicity from other clades of influenza A (H5N1). An analysis of the antigenic variation in the H5 hemagglutinin gene (HA) of the influenza A (H5N1) virus strains circulating in Indonesia has been undertaken. Several position of amino acid mutations, including mutations at positions 35, 53, 141, 145, 163, 174, 183, 184, 189, and 231, have been identified. The mutation Val-174-Iso appears to play an important role in immunogenicity and cross-reactivity with rabbit antisera. This study shows that the evolution of the H5HA antigenic variation of the influenza A (H5N1) virus circulating in Indonesia from 2005 to 2011 may affect the immunogenicity of the virus.
Trends in emissions and concentrations of air pollutants in the lower troposphere in the Baltimore/Washington airshed from 1997 to 2011
Authors: He H. , Stehr J. W. , Hains J. C. , Krask D. J. , Doddridge B. G. , Vinnikov K. Y. , Canty T. P. , Hosley K. M. , Salawitch R. J. , Worden H. M. , Dickerson R. R.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Trends in the composition of the lower atmosphere (0–1500 m altitude) and surface air quality over the Baltimore/Washington area and surrounding states were investigated for the period from 1997 to 2011. We examined emissions of ozone precursors from monitors and inventories as well as ambient ground-level and aircraft measurements to characterize trends in air pollution. The US EPA Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) program reported substantial decreases in emission of summertime nitrogen oxides (NOx) from power plants, up to ∼80% in the mid-Atlantic States. These large reductions in emission of NOx are reflected in a sharp decrease of ground-level concentrations of NOx starting around 2003. The decreasing trend of tropospheric column CO observed by aircraft is ∼0.8 Dobson unit (DU) per year, corresponding to ∼35 ppbv yr−1 in the lower troposphere (the surface to 1500 m above ground level). Satellite observations of long-term, near-surface CO show a ∼40% decrease over western Maryland between 2000 and 2011; the same magnitude is indicated by aircraft measurements above these regions upwind of the Baltimore/Washington airshed. With decreasing emissions of ozone precursors, the ground-level ozone in the Baltimore/Washington area shows a 0.6 ppbv yr−1 decrease in the past 15 yr. Since photochemical production of ozone is substantially influenced by ambient temperature, we introduce the climate penalty factor (CPF) into the trend analysis of long-term aircraft measurements. After compensating for inter-annual variations in temperature, historical aircraft measurements indicate that the daily net production of tropospheric ozone over the Baltimore/Washington area decreased from ∼20 ppbv day−1 in the late 1990s to ∼7 ppbv day−1 in the early 2010s during ozone season. A decrease in the long-term column ozone is observed as ∼0.2 DU yr−1 in the lowest 1500 m, corresponding to an improvement of ∼1.3 ppbv yr−1. Our aircraft measurements were conducted on days when severe ozone pollution was forecasted, and these results represent the decreasing trend in high ozone events over the past 15 yr. Back trajectory cluster analysis demonstrates that emissions of air pollutants from Ohio and Pennsylvania through Maryland influence the column abundances of downwind ozone in the lower atmosphere. The trends in air pollutants reveal the success of regulations implemented over the past decades and the importance of region-wide emission controls in the eastern United States.
Nematode diversity patterns at different spatial scales in bathyal sediments of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Bianchelli S. , Gambi C. , Mea M. , Pusceddu A. , Danovaro R.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Understanding biodiversity patterns and how they are driven at different spatial scales is a crucial issue in ecological studies. This is particularly evident for the deep sea, the largest biome of the biosphere, where information on the scales of spatial variation is very scant. Here, we investigated deep-sea nematodes species richness, turnover and functional diversity, and life strategies at different spatial scales (from local to macro-regional) to identify the factors that shape regional (γ) and macro-regional (ε) deep-sea diversity. This study was conducted in several deep-sea habitats (canyons, open slopes, deep-water corals, and bathyal plains) over > 2000 km across the whole Mediterranean Basin, at a bathymetric range comprised between ca. 600 and 1300 m. Our results indicate that the patterns of local (α) diversity across the deep Mediterranean follow the gradients of the trophic conditions, which decrease from the western to the eastern basins. For all of the sites and habitats, the α diversity is generally low. Conversely, the turnover diversity changes significantly among habitats (β diversity) and between regions (δ diversity), showing values of dissimilarity (based on species presence/absence matrixes) between 59 and 90% for β diversity and between 81 and 89% for δ diversity. This suggests that patterns and values of γ and ε diversities in the deep Mediterranean Sea are related to turnover diversity among habitats and between regions (β and δ diversities), rather than to the local biodiversity (α diversity). These results indicate also that the differences in β and δ diversities are even more important than those in α diversity for the comprehension of the drivers of biodiversity in the deep Mediterranean Sea. We conclude that the presence of different habitats and gradients in environmental conditions, by promoting a high turnover diversity across the Mediterranean Sea, may play a crucial role in the levels of γ diversity of deep-sea nematodes.
Cesium, iodine and tritium in NW Pacific waters – a comparison of the Fukushima impact with global fallout
Authors: Povinec P. P. , Aoyama M. , Biddulph D. , Breier R. , Buesseler K. , Chang C. C. , Golser R. , Hou X. L. , Ješkovský M. , Jull A. J. T. , Kaizer J. , Nakano M. , Nies H. , Palcsu L. , Papp L. , Pham M. K. , Steier P. , Zhang L. Y.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Radionuclide impact of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident on the distribution of radionuclides in seawater of the NW Pacific Ocean is compared with global fallout from atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons. Surface and water column samples collected during the Ka'imikai-o-Kanaloa (KOK) international expedition carried out in June 2011 were analyzed for 134Cs, 137Cs, 129I and 3H. The 137Cs, 129I and 3H levels in surface seawater offshore Fukushima varied between 0.002–3.5 Bq L−1, 0.01–0.8 μBq L−1, and 0.05–0.15 Bq L−1, respectively. At the sampling site about 40 km from the coast, where all three radionuclides were analyzed, the Fukushima impact on the levels of these three radionuclides represents an increase above the global fallout background by factors of about 1000, 50 and 3, respectively. The water column data indicate that the transport of Fukushima-derived radionuclides downward to the depth of 300 m has already occurred. The observed 137Cs levels in surface waters and in the water column are compared with predictions obtained from the ocean general circulation model, which indicates that the Kuroshio Current acts as a southern boundary for the transport of the radionuclides, which have been transported from the Fukushima coast eastward in the NW Pacific Ocean. The 137Cs inventory in the water column is estimated to be about 2.2 PBq, what can be regarded as a lower limit of the direct liquid discharges into the sea as the seawater sampling was carried out only in the area from 34 to 37° N, and from 142 to 147° E. About 4.6 GBq of 129I was deposited in the NW Pacific Ocean, and 2.4–7 GBq of 129I was directly discharged as liquid wastes into the sea offshore Fukushima. The total amount of 3H released and deposited over the NW Pacific Ocean was estimated to be 0.1–0.5 PBq. These estimations depend, however, on the evaluation of the total 137Cs activities released as liquid wastes directly into the sea, which should improve when more data are available. Due to a suitable residence time in the ocean, Fukushima-derived radionuclides will provide useful tracers for isotope oceanography studies on the transport of water masses during the next decades in the NW Pacific Ocean.
Effective heat transport of Gulf Stream to subarctic North Atlantic during Miocene cooling: evidence from "Köppen signatures" of fossil plant assemblages
Authors: Denk T. , Grimm G. W. , Grímsson F. , Zetter R.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Shallowing of the Panama Sill and the closure of the Central American Seaway initiated the modern Loop Current/Gulf Stream circulation pattern during the Miocene but no direct evidence has yet been provided for effective heat transport to the northern North Atlantic during that time. Climatic signals from 11 precisely-dated plant-bearing sedimentary rock formations in Iceland, spanning 15–0.8 million years (Myr), resolve the impacts of the developing Miocene global thermohaline circulation on terrestrial vegetation in the subarctic North Atlantic region. "Köppen signatures" were implemented to express climatic properties of fossil plant taxa and their potential modern analogues using the principal concept of the generic Köppen–Geiger climate system, which is based on plant distribution patterns. Using Köppen signatures and the correlation between Köppen climate zones and major global vegetation zones, fossil assemblages were used to trace major vegetation shifts. This evidence was combined with evidence from tectonics and palaeoceanography. In contrast to the global climatic trend, the vegetation record reveals no cooling between ~ 15 and 12 Myr, whereas periods of climatic deterioration between 12–10 Myr, 8–4 Myr, and in the Pleistocene are in phase with increased pulses of ice-rafted debris in the Northern Hemisphere. The observed sequence of climate change in the northern North Atlantic can only be explained by an effective Gulf Stream-mediated heat transport from the middle Miocene onwards.
Modelling pesticide leaching under climate change: parameter vs. climate input uncertainty
Authors: Steffens K. , Larsbo M. , Moeys J. , Kjellström E. , Jarvis N. , Lewan E.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The assessment of climate change impacts on the risk for pesticide leaching needs careful consideration of different sources of uncertainty. We investigated the uncertainty related to climate scenario input and its importance relative to parameter uncertainty of the pesticide leaching model. The pesticide fate model MACRO was calibrated against a comprehensive one-year field data set for a well-structured clay soil in south-west Sweden. We obtained an ensemble of 56 acceptable parameter sets that represented the parameter uncertainty. Nine different climate model projections of the regional climate model RCA3 were available as driven by different combinations of global climate models (GCM), greenhouse gas emission scenarios and initial states of the GCM. The future time series of weather data used to drive the MACRO-model were generated by scaling a reference climate data set (1970–1999) for an important agricultural production area in south-west Sweden based on monthly change factors for 2070–2099. 30 yr simulations were performed for different combinations of pesticide properties and application seasons. Our analysis showed that both the magnitude and the direction of predicted change in pesticide leaching from present to future depended strongly on the particular climate scenario. The effect of parameter uncertainty was of major importance for simulating absolute pesticide losses, whereas the climate uncertainty was relatively more important for predictions of changes of pesticide losses from present to future. The climate uncertainty should be accounted for by applying an ensemble of different climate scenarios. The aggregated ensemble prediction based on both acceptable parameterizations and different climate scenarios could provide robust probabilistic estimates of future pesticide losses and assessments of changes in pesticide leaching risks.
Seabed topography beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf from seismic soundings
Authors: Brisbourne A. M. , Smith A. M. , King E. C. , Nicholls K. W. , Holland P. R. , Makinson K.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Seismic reflection soundings of ice thickness and seabed depth were acquired on the Larsen C Ice Shelf in order to test a sub-shelf bathymetry model derived from the inversion of IceBridge gravity data. A series of lines were collected, from the Churchill Peninsula in the north to the Joerg Peninsula in the south, and also towards the ice front. Sites were selected using the bathymetry model derived from the inversion of free-air gravity data to indicate key regions where sub-shelf oceanic circulation may be affected by ice draft and sub-shelf cavity thickness. The seismic velocity profile in the upper 100 m of firn and ice was derived from shallow refraction surveys at a number of locations. Measured temperatures within the ice column and at the ice base were used to define the velocity profile through the remainder of the ice column. Seismic velocities in the water column were derived from previous in situ measurements. Uncertainties in ice and water cavity thickness are in general <10 m. Compared with the seismic measurements, the root-mean-square error in the gravimetrically derived bathymetry at the seismic sites is 162 m. The seismic profiles prove the non-existence of several bathymetric features that are indicated in the gravity inversion model, significantly modifying the expected oceanic circulation beneath the ice shelf. Similar features have previously been shown to be highly significant in affecting basal melt rates predicted by ocean models. The discrepancies between the gravity inversion results and the seismic bathymetry are attributed to the assumption of uniform geology inherent in the gravity inversion process and also the sparsity of IceBridge flight lines. Results indicate that care must be taken when using bathymetry models derived by the inversion of free-air gravity anomalies. The bathymetry results presented here will be used to improve existing sub-shelf ocean circulation models.
Assessing the Economic Impact of Three Major Sport Events in China: The Perspective of aTtendees
Authors: Huang Haiyan , Mao Luke Lunhua , Kim Suk-Kyu , Zhang James J.
Published: August 2013

This study assesses the economic impact of three major sport events – the Formula One Grand Prix (F1), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 (ATP), and the Shanghai International Marathon (SIM) – on the host city in China. To that end, the authors estimate the amount of different types of attendees at the events, calculate the total expenditures generated by attendees, assess the new money inflow into the host economy and conduct an economic impact assessment via an input–output model using computer software. The results of this study confirm the notion that major sport events can be used as tools to increase the economic activities of the hosts. Furthermore, the study proposes a useful method of assessing the economic impact of sport events in non-consumer-driven economies, such as China.
Converting a Political Goal to Reality: The First Steps to Materialize Mongolia’s Nuclear-Weapon Free Status
Authors: Enkhsaikhan Jargalsaikhan
Published: August 2013

In this article the author documents chronologically the initial steps taken by Mongolia to promote its initiative to turn its territory into a nuclear-weapon-free zone by having the General Assembly of the United Nations acknowledge and express support for such a status. This is not an analytical but a chronologically descriptive article that is based on the materials available to the Mongolian side only. It does not cover the discussions that the five nuclear-weap­ons States (the P5)1 had when preparing responses to Mongolia’s various substan­tive or procedural proposals, nor the discussions held in their capitals on either how to respond bilaterally to Mongolia’s suggestions or as P3 (US, UK and France) or P5. As with achieving durable peace, establishing a credible nuclear-weapon-free zone status is both a goal and a process. In this case the goal can be achieved through collective efforts and gradually. The process will continue until a viable status is established that would form part of an internationally agreed nuclear-weapon-free regime. To achieve this goal close cooperation is needed. The article will describe the Mongolian example of how multilateralism and mutual under­standing are essential in addressing the challenges that the international commu­nity is facing in this increasingly interdependent world. Competition, cooperation and compromise are the indispensable approaches and tools to address these and other international goals and challenges. When undertaking this chronology of the measures taken to have the General Assembly of the United Nations adopt in 1998 its first resolution on Mongolia’s nuclear-weapon-free status, the author, as still public servant, deliberately refrained from making in-depth analysis or value judgments of the positions taken by Mongolia or the P5 separately or as a group with respect to the substance of the issues involved or procedures followed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i17.80 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs, No.17 2012: 18-58
Politics and Religion in Inner Mongolia: Japan’s Plans for the 9th Jebtsundamba “Living Buddha”
Authors: Hyer Paul
Published: August 2013

Chinggis Khan is the single most important icon or historical figure of Mongolia but the next most important icon, for many generations was the Jebtsundamba khutukhtu (hubilgan, incarnation or “Living Bud­dha”) of Urga.1 The 8th Jebtsundamba, as a symbol of both religious and secular power or unity in Mongolia, weathered the storm of China’s 1911 Revolution, and Russia’s 1917 Revolution. Then during the early period of the Communist Revolution in Mongolia (1921), northern Mongolia became the first satellite of the Soviet Union and because the Jebtsundamba wielded enormous traditional influ­ence among the people he was retained by communist leaders during a transition in the revolution in Mongolia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i17.82 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs, No.17 2012: 64-74
Stability under Destabilization The Current State of the Chinese Communist Party
Authors: Hishida Masaharu
Published: August 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i17.85 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs, No.17 2012: 85-96
Dark Mirrors and Dead Ringers: Music for Suspense Films about Twins
Authors: Bowman Durrell
Published: August 2013

This paper compares the modernist musical-narrative separations of The Dark Mirror (Robert Siodmak, 1946), Dead Ringer (Paul Henreid, 1964), and Sisters (Brian De Palma, 1973) with the postmodernist musical-narrative fusions of the Canadian film Dead Ringers (David Cronenberg, 1988). The two earlier films (starring Olivia de Havilland and Bette Davis, respectively) mainly conform to the aesthetic of film noir or "suspense-thriller," whereas the two later films (starring Margot Kidder and Jeremy Irons, respectively) also contain substantial elements of "horror." The musical scores of these four films (by Dimitri Tiomkin, André Previn, Bernard Herrmann, and Howard Shore) feature, in varying degrees, the meaningful placement and development of leitmotifs and titles music, changes in meaning by altering instrumentation and/or mode, gender representations, and issues of cultural hierarchy and class distinctions.
La télévision française et les « voix québécoises » populaires : le trompe-l’oeil d’un étiquetage médiatique
Authors: Rudent Catherine
Published: August 2013

La télévision et d’autres médias français ont pris l’habitude, entre 2001 et 2004, de parler de « voix québécoises », comme s’il s’agissait d’un ensemble homogène dans les chansons d’aujourd’hui. Mais cette étiquette est trompeuse : sous son apparence unificatrice on constate la dispersion des réalités musicales. L’analyse de deux chansons le montre : entre « Parle-moi » par Isabelle Boulay et « Chéri tu ronfles » de Lynda Lemay, les contrastes se multiplient, concernant la forme, le langage harmonique, les techniques vocales utilisées et le rapport entre texte et voix.
Un entretien avec Diane Labrosse
Authors: Cornell Andrea-Jane
Published: August 2013

Cet entretien avec Diane Labrosse a été réalisé à Montréal en décembre 2004 dans les locaux de Productions SuperMusique, dans le cadre du projet Dedans/Dehors du studio coordonné par Dre Andra McCartney de l’Université Concordia.

Labrosse se définit comme musicienne, même si elle considère que ce titre ne couvre pas vraiment l’ensemble des rôles assumés dans divers ensembles et projets depuis 25 ans quelle exerce ce métier. L’essentiel de son activité est à titre de conceptrice sonore, en particulier dans les projets pour le théâtre, les concerts « live » et les performances de musique improvisée avec d’autres musiciens, danseurs ou acteurs de théâtre. Avec son instrument de prédilection, un échantillonneur, Diane crée des ambiances sonores composées de sons inhabituels, de bruits et de textures, avec un certain penchant pour des modifications brusques de hauteurs.
In & Out of the Classroom: Reflections on Identity, Technology, and the Radio Project
Authors: Marsh Charity
Published: August 2013

In this article I share my reflections on the radio project, a pedagogical tool that I incorporated in my upper-level seminars while teaching at University of Regina from 2004 to 2006. My analysis interrogates the merits (and disappointments) of the radio project as a productive (and potentially transgressive) pedagogical tool. I draw on theorists Spivak and Britzman in order to think about how social bonds are mediated by a technological environment outside the conventional university classroom. Furthermore, I explore how, through alternative pedagogies such as the radio project, social bonds may develop through processes of identification rather than identity politics.
Music, Drinking and Dance at Aristocratic Russian Weddings under Peter the First as Witnessed by Friedrich Wilhelm von Bergholz
Authors: Sander Elizabeth
Published: August 2013

Dance and related rituals as practised at aristocratic wedding ceremonies in Russia at the end of the reign of Peter I ("the Great," 1672-1725) are examined in this article. The central source employed in this research is a diary written in Russia by the Holstein nobleman Friedrich Wilhelm von Bergholz (1699-1765) between 1721 and 1725. Dancing on the first day of the aristocratic Petrine wedding ceremony was evidently governed by a stable formal plan consisting of formal reverences, ceremonial dancing and free dancing. Minuets, as well as dances identified as Polish and English, were danced.
Novák's Lucerna and the Historiographical Problem of "Czech Modernism"
Authors: Locke Brian
Published: August 2013

The operaLucerna(premièred 1923) by the Czech composer Vitězslav Novák demonstrates the problematic position of Czech music in the historiography of the early twentieth century, since neither "avant-garde" nor "antimodernist" suffice for it as stylistic labels. A leader of Czech modernism during the fin de siècle, Novák's music embodies the aesthetic crisis his generation faced after 1918.Lucerna'sscore reveals a complex negotiation of multiple stylistic influences, including impressionism, folklore, and Strauss, paralleling the Czech community's hesitant acceptance of international modernism in the early interwar period. The opera's lack-lustre finale echoes the contemporaneous return to Czech traditional values, using Smetana as an anachronistic model for modernist opera.
Tonal and Rhythmic-Metric Process in Brahms's Early C-Minor Scherzos
Authors: McClelland Ryan
Published: August 2013

The scherzos Brahms composed for his Piano Quintet in F Minor, Op. 34 (1862; rev. 1864) and for the Dietrich-Schumann-Brahms F-A-E violin sonata (1853) are dramatic, C-minor pieces that allude to works of Beethoven's middle period. Both scherzos open with tonal and rhythmic-metric dissonance and end with tonal and rhythmic-metric consonance, yet there are significant refinements in Brahms's handling of these global progressions in the piano quintet scherzo. The piano quintet scherzo engages a smaller network of interrelated dissonances, intensifies these dissonances throughout the movement, and resolves them convincingly near the end of the scherzo.
La réception des productions culturelles rock : étude comparée entre la presse musicale québécoise et française
Authors: Hein Fabien
Published: August 2013

À partir d’une étude comparative chiffrée, cet article vise à porter un regard croisé sur la réception accordée par la presse musicale française aux productions rock québécoises/canadiennes, et inversement, à la réception accordée par la presse musicale québécoise aux productions rock françaises. À condition de ne pas séparer les données obtenues des réalités du travail de la réception critique tout comme de la circulation des productions culturelles, cette démarche permet d’évaluer la dynamique des échanges culturels entre les deux aires francophones.
"We Shall Be Better Canadians by Being Conscious Jews": Multiculturalism and the Construction of Canadian Identity in the Toronto Jewish Folk Choir
Authors: Wolters-Fredlund Benita
Published: August 2013

Using the texts from concert programme notes, this paper describes the growing Canadian identity of Toronto Jewish Folk Choir during and after World War II. During this period the choir used rhetoric similar to what we would today call multiculturalism to argue for their place in Canadian culture. The choir's claims to Canadian identity are juxtaposed with colonialist and assimilationist attitudes toward culture at the time, demonstrating that through musical performance and discourse, the choir members were able to construct a positive Canadian identity for themselves despite their position as an ethnic minority outside the political mainstream.