bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
45‐3: Late‐News Paper: Homogeneous Alignment LCDs Could be Prime Candidate for Multiple Scene Interactive Interface and Devices
Authors: Yang Ruizhi , You Yang , Wu Jun , Ma Shiqing , Yan Guang , Shi Guangdong , Qu Lianjie , Xu Xiaoling , Zhao Hebin , Qiu Yun , Wang Dan
Published: September 2020

When more and more display devices are used as interaction interface, touch has been essential function integrated in display devices. Homogeneous alignment LCDs and full in cell touch technology has been developed and applied on mobile phone, tablet PC, notebook PC, Monitor and even TV scale. In this paper, we made a comparison on different display technology in the point of not only display specification but also human experience. ADS type homogeneous alignment LCDs would keep its major position in small and middle size market and expand share on big size in furtherfollowing the development of interaction devices.
46‐2: A Novel Hybrid Frame Rate Driving Method for Low frequency OLED Displays
Authors: Xiong Nana , Wu Tianyi , Fu Jujian , Xia Xingda , Hu Yuqi , Xie Mengmeng
Published: September 2020

We propose a novel hybrid frame rate driving method for optimizing low frequency OLED display flicker metrics. Each frame cycle contains two neighboring frames, the odd frames refresh half of the RIB pixels and all of the G pixels, and the even frames refresh the other half of the RIB pixels and all of the G pixels. This approach supports lower frequency refresh rates for mobile OLED displays while minimizing display driver power consumption with optimized flicker optical properties.
46‐4: Novel OLED Low Frame Frequency Driving Method with Minimized Flicker
Authors: Li Jieliang , Yuan Yong , Ding Yuan , Huang Wanming , Ke Zhoulin , Zhang Yuheng , He Shui , Lai Qingjun , Xu Yuping
Published: September 2020

We analyzed flicker of OLED and minimized it under low frame frequency with changing the emit pulse width and frequency. We also report a novel low frame frequency driving method for minimzing image flicker under ‐50dB although the average brightness is 450nit with attenuation ‐30nit during emission.
47‐3: Invited Paper: High Brightness and RGB Integration of Eu‐doped GaN‐based Red LEDs for Ultrahigh‐resolution Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Fujiwara Yasufumi , Ichikawa Shuhei , Timmerman Dolf , Tatebayashi Jun
Published: September 2020

A nitride‐based ultra‐small‐size, full‐color, and high‐resolution micro‐LED display is one of key devices for “a smart society”. The ongoing search for an efficient red LED based on GaN is pivotal to the realization of the display. We have worked on the development of semiconductors intracenter photonics. This novel photonics uses the intra‐4f shell transitions of rare‐earth ions doped in semiconductors. In 2009, we invented a narrow‐band red LED using Eu‐doped GaN (GaN:Eu). By continued optimization of the device processing, the output power of the LED is approaching the practical stage. Furthermore, the red LED can be integrated monolithically with conventional blue and green LEDs on the same sapphire substrate. Current status of the GaN:Eu LED and strategies toward further enhancement of its output power using the control of photon fields are reported.
47‐4: Fiber‐Scanning Technology with Rectangular Display Area for Projection Unit
Authors: Onoe Shinsuke , Matsuda Takahiro , Seo Yoshiho , Ouchi Satoshi
Published: September 2020

We are developing a projection unit in a three‐step process involving our previously proposed fiber‐scanning methods (first two steps, which have been completed) and another fiber‐scanning method, called cross‐limit (X‐Limit), we propose for this paper that provides high resolution, uniform brightness, and a rectangular display area, which are difficult with previous methods. The development of X‐Limit is the third and final step in developing this projection unit.
50‐2: Distinguished Paper: Measuring the Color Capability of Modern Display Systems
Authors: Smith Euan C. , Heckaman Rodney L. , Lang Karl , Penczek John , Bergquist Johan
Published: September 2020

Historically displays used three colorants in an additive system. The CIE chromaticity diagram adequately illustrated color capability. Modern displays are not constrained by this additive architecture and the diagram can fail in its purpose. The “gamut rings” diagram provides a solution to illustrate color capability that directly correlates to color gamut volume.
51‐1: Invited Paper: Charge Injection Control of Cadmium‐Free Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Baek Hyun , Acharya Krishna P. , Desireddy Anil , Titov Alex , Tang Eric , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ying Chen , Hyvonen Jake , Holloway Paul
Published: September 2020

Within recent years, cadmium‐free quantum dots have been gaining attention in order to produce large‐scale environment‐friendly displays. Here, we present high performance, electroluminescent Cd‐free quantum dot light‐emitting diode designs that enhance stability, and efficiencies between 1.6‐3.5 times through novel charge carrier transport layers compared to references.
51‐2: High Efficiency and Long Lifetime InP‐based Red Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lampande Raju , Shin Dong Hyun , Naik Mude Nagarjuna , Yeom Ji Eun , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: September 2020

We report high efficiency and long lifetime indium phosphide‐based inverted red quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED). Our optimized QLED with sol‐gel processed electron transport layer (ZnMgO) and new organic hole transport layers with deep HOMO and high mobility exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of ~18% and operational lifetime (T50) of 650 hours at the initial brightness of 1000 cd/m2.
52‐1: Invited Paper: Liquid Crystal Materials and Devices for Displays and Photonics
Authors: Chigrinov Vladimir G.
Published: September 2020

Photoalignment materials can be effectively used in LC alignment and patterning for new generations of LC devices with extremely high resolution and optical quality both in glass and plastic substrates. Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals based on photoalignment are very promising for new display and photonics devices.
52‐4: Late‐News‐Paper: Development of 240Hz Refresh Rate ADS Mode Gaming Product
Authors: Chen Dongchuan , Liu Bingyang , Wang Kaixuan , Zhan Hongming , Chen Xi , Yun Xiawei , Yang Weifan , Liu Lei , Wang Zhangtao , Xue Hailin , Shao Xibin
Published: September 2020

The ADS display mode shows significant advantages of high transmittance, wide viewing angle, small color shift at large view angle, etc., and thus has been widely used in all kinds of display product such as mobile phone, tablet, notebook, monitor and television. However, ADS mode shows shortcomings of slow response speed. In this work, we made extreme optimization research and breakthroughs in improving ADS mode response speed from the aspects of LC material, cell gap, and pixel ITO slit angle. Based on the research, 27 inch FHD 240Hz refresh rate gaming product was successfully developed. It has been achieved gray to gray average response time 1.9ms with over driving as well as contrast ratio 1214:1 fulfilling static CR requirements of VESA HDR standard.
53‐2: Composite Films with Ultra‐Thin Glass and Polymer for Novel Optically Functional Films
Authors: Murashige Takeshi , Inagaki Junichi , Sato Keisuke , Kishi Atsushi , Miyatake Minoru , Mori Hiroki , Hasegawa Yoshinori
Published: September 2020

We have developed a mass‐production technology for laminating an ultra‐thin glass and a polymer film. The resulting composite film possesses unique features that neither the ultra‐thin glass nor the polymer can achieve alone. With our technology, the composite film can be wound up 1,000 m by a roll‐to‐roll process.
53‐3: CdSe/CdS Nanorod Enhancement Film for Blue‐Laser Based Visible Light Communication Systems
Authors: Cheng Chun-Hin , Kang Jian , Gupta Swadesh K. , Yue C. Patrick , Kwok H.S. , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: September 2020

To verify the performance of photoluminescence effect of nanorod‐based materials in laser based visible light communication systems. We present a blue‐laser based communication system with photoluminescence of CdSe/CdS Nanorod Enhancement Film (NREF).
53‐4: Dielectric Metasurfaces: Design for Manufacturability
Authors: Ahmed Khaled
Published: September 2020

Metasurface systems are enabling new classes of optical elements through spatial‐phase engineering. Prior works focused on the role of refractive index of the material used to build the metasurface on efficiency and numerical aperture of metasurface lenses. In this work we focus on the issue of manufacturing tolerances of metasurfaces for infrared and visible optical waves, and specifically on the role the dielectric refractive index plays. A simple model system represented by simple analytical equations is used to extract proxy parameters that have an impact on the tolerance to manufacturing errors. These proxy parameters include rate of change of phase with particle size. It is found that although higher refractive index materials (e.g. Si) can provide better performance than lower refractive index materials (e.g. Si3N4), the relative tolerance to manufacturing errors is better for smaller index materials. This poses a challenge to the manufacturability of metasurfaces using relatively high refractive index, and brings attention to materials with medium refractive index (e.g. TiO2) to strike a balance between high performance and manufacturability of metasurface devices.
54‐1: Improved Polarizing Film for PBS Applications in HMDs
Authors: Aastuen David J.W. , Yun Zhisheng , Le John D.
Published: September 2020

We present a high‐performing polarizing beam splitter for augmented reality applications using newly developed 3M™ Polarized Beam Splitter (PBS) film. It has very low light leaks which are largely independent of light incident side. At the same time, high efficiency is maintained with 96% transmission and 98% reflection integrated over an f/2 cone. Comparisons are made to a wire‐grid PBS.
54‐3: Digitally Switchable Micro Lens Array for Integral Imaging
Authors: Wang Xuan , Hua Hong
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the design of a digitally switchable multi‐focal micro lens array to extend the depth of field without sacrificing the spatial resolution in integral imaging systems. The switchable multi‐focal micro lens array consists of a customized freeform micro lens array and a programmable spatial light modulator. A prototype with two foci was fabricated and focus tuning functionality was demonstrated using an LCoS together with a relay system.
54‐4: Prediction of Saccadic Eye Movement for Foveated Rendering
Authors: Kruchinina Anna , Chertopolokhov Viktor , Grigoryan Grigory , Belyaev Victor
Published: September 2020

One of the problems of the foveated rendering technique is timely prediction of the next gaze fixation point. Visual perception is a complex stochastic process. In the paper we propose a method for the early detection of changes in fixation points by using a mathematical model to estimate the coordinates of the new gaze fixation point. The model was used to obtain the prerequisites for an eye tracker's frequency. A head mounted display with an eye tracker is also described.
55‐4: Novel Methodology for Reproducibility of OLED Lifetimes and Identification of Killer Impurities
Authors: Fujimoto Hiroshi , Nakamura Toshimitsu , Nagayoshi Kaori , Harada Kentaro , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Kurata Takaomi , Kiyota Junya , Adachi Chihaya
Published: September 2020

A new method to investigate the influence of vacuum chamber impurities on OLED lifetime is demonstrated. By combining deposition from a novel‐design crucible with in‐situ exposure to impurity sources, and by controlling the amount of water impinging, we show that the influence of water and impurities can be separately examined.
57‐3: Characterizing Image Retention for HDR OLED Displays
Authors: Kam Kevin , Yu Tiantong , Behrman Keith , Yu Caroline , Kymissis Ioannis
Published: September 2020

A burn‐in measurement technique was realized and tested for both standard and high dynamic range (HDR) organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays. The proposed measurement targets analyze wide color gamut, non‐RGB primary, and HDR displays. The system was implemented in commercial OLED displays to validate the proposed measurement system.
58‐2: Distinguished Paper: Active Matrix QD‐LED with Top Emission Structure by UV Lithography for RGB Patterning
Authors: Nakanishi Yohei , Takeshita Tomohiro , Qu Yang , Imabayashi Hiroki , Okamoto Shota , Utsumi Hisayuki , Kanehiro Masayuki , Angioni Enrico , Boardman Edward A. , Hamilton Iain , Zampetti Andrea , Berryman-Bousquet Valerie , Smeeton Tim M. , Ishida Takeshi
Published: September 2020

We have developed full colour top emitting quantum dot light emitting diode (QD‐LED) display driven by a 176 ppi active matrix of metal oxide thin film transistors. Red, green and blue (RGB) QD‐LED sub pixel emission layers are patterned by our original UV photolithography process and materials. We also demonstrate the potential to achieve high resolution such as 528 ppi using this process.
60‐3: Invited Paper: Machine Learning Approaches to Active Stylus for Capacitive Touch Screen Panel Applications
Authors: Nam Hyoungsik , Seol Ki-Hyuk , Park Seungjun
Published: September 2020

This paper introduces machine learning approaches on adding the stylus‐touch to the capacitive touch screen technology. The proposed schemes can discriminate the stylus‐touch from finger‐touch as well as no‐touch by means of classification algorithms using support vector machine and anomaly detection. The high frequency pulses are sent from a stylus to a touch screen and the receiver classifies the received sample sequences into three classes of no‐touch, finger‐touch, and stylus‐touch. In addition, some possible applications of data transmission and user authentication are demonstrated.
61‐1: FMM Pixel Patterning for Various OLED Displays
Authors: Kim Chiwoo , Kim Kisoo , Kwon Ohseob , Jung Jaehoon , Park Jong Kab , Kim Doh Hoon , Jung Kiro
Published: September 2020

Fine metal mask (FMM) patterning is the key technology for realizing the RGB side‐by‐side OLED displays for smartphone and notebook panels. We believe this FMM patterning can be used for high resolution augmented reality (AR) as well as large size TV displays. We have developed the state‐of‐the‐art material and processing technologies to achieve large size high resolution FMMs.
61‐3: Distinguished Paper: Vertically Integrated, Double‐Stack Oxide‐TFT Layers for High‐Resolution AMOLED Backplane
Authors: Lee Suhui , Chen Yuanfeng , Kim Jeonggi , Jang Jin
Published: September 2020

We developed a novel vertically integrated, double stack oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane for high resolution organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays. The 1st TFT layer is bulk‐accumulation mode and 2nd TFT layer is a single gate with back‐channel etched structure. The extracted mobilities and threshold voltages are higher than 10 cm2/Vs and 0~1V, respectively. Both TFTs are found to be extremely stable under the bias and temperature stress. The gate driver with width of 530 µm and a pitch of 18.6 µm was developed exhibiting well shifted signal up to the last stage of 900‐stages without output degradation, which could be used for 1360 ppi, TFT backplane.
62‐1: Invited Paper: Understanding Degradation Processes of Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: You Youngmin , Moon Yu Kyung
Published: September 2020

The short operation lifetime of organic light‐emitting devices originates from irreversible degradation of organic materials, but the mechanism by which degradation initiates has been insufficiently understood. We discovered that degradation is triggered by electron‐transfer interactions between a dopant and a host exciton. A numerical model predicting operational stability has been developed.
63‐1: Numerical Study on Module Stacking Design of Flexible Panel with Water‐Drop Folding Shape
Authors: Dong Liming , Li Zhao , Shi Shiming , Liu Lu , Zhao Lijuan
Published: September 2020

Numerical simulation was performed to investigate module stacking design and optimization in inner‐folding water‐drop flexible panel. Some influencing factors on module stacking design, such as the thickness and the modulus of cover, optical clear adhesive (OCA), bottom film (BF) and bending device were analyzed and designed. The result shows that, in the inner‐folding water‐drop module, the strain of optical clear adhesive (OCA) increases significantly which occurs in the cohesive failure area during the bending test, and the touch sensor plane (TSP) top surface and the display function layers (AMOLED) bottom surface are the locations where cracks occurred easily. Cover with the characteristics of thicker and higher modulus will increase the OCA deformation and function film strain. Adopting a type of thicker OCA will be help for solving the cohesive failure occurred in OCA1 but will not increase the failure risks occurred in OCA2 and function films. Both of OCA2 and display function film strains decrease fast with the increasing of BF modulus, meanwhile, thicker BF will increase the peeling risk. Optimized bending device not only could improve the bending ability but also could provide larger space for the design of terminal products.
63‐2: Continuous Observation of Neutral‐Plane Splitting throughout the Folding Process of Foldable Displays Using Optical Microscopy and Digital Image Correlation Method
Authors: Hishinuma Masatomo , Nishimura Masumi , Yamaguchi Hajime , Murayama Akio
Published: September 2020

Strain control with neutral‐plane splitting is an essential technology in designing foldable displays. We established a method for analyzing continuous changes in cross‐sectional strain distribution throughout the folding process. Digital image correlation (DIC) method with an optical microscope successfully revealed that the neutral‐plane position changes with the folding radius.
63‐3: Translating 2 Point Bend with Step Stress Methodology
Authors: Gerber Kurt E. , Noni Douglas M. , Westbrook Jamie T
Published: September 2020

Translating 2‐point bend with step stress was developed to increase thin brittle specimen area tested under peak stress. The benefits include improved weakest link defect detection and readily extractable survivor data. Highly censored Weibull distributions can be obtained for life modeling applications. A description of the method, it's validation, and an example safe lifetime stress determination follow.
65‐3: Green Top‐emission Quantum Dot Light‐emitting Diodes (TE‐QLED) with Normal and Inverted Structure
Authors: Lin Kun-Rong , Lee Chun-Yu , Ding Wen-Cheng , Chen Chia-Hsun , Chien Da-Chen , Kuo Ya-Pei , Chen Peng-Yu , Lu Hsueh-Hsing , Chiu Tien-Lung , Lin Bo-Yen , Lee Jiun-Haw
Published: September 2020

In this work, green top emission quantum dot light‐emitting diodes with different structure, that are normal and inverted structure, were demonstrated. The device characterization of these two device are compared. The QLED with inverted structure exhibits better device performance than normal one. Current efficiency is improved from 26.9 to 42.5 cd/A, as well as the external quantum efficiency is improved from 5.32 to 9.42 %. Operational lifetime of inverted structure is longer and more reliable than normal structure by ~10‐times.
66‐4: Reactive Monomers Optimized for Fast Response Liquid Crystals with High Reliability
Authors: Chena Mei , Song Qi , Wei Hongquan , Chen Xingwu , Tseng Te-Jen , Hsieh Chung-Ching , Xiao Juncheng , Li Dongze , Chen Lixuan , Zhang Xin , Meng Hong
Published: September 2020

The demand for fast response liquid crystals (LC) with high reliability for high performance liquid crystal displays (LCD) is increasingly urgent. In this work, the relationships between the conditions of the UV process and the reliability of fast response LC were investigated. By the application of novel reactive monomers (RM) with faster polymerization rate and longer reaction wavelength, a kind of fast response LC with high voltage holding ratio (VHR) and low ion concentration has been obtained. This work provides new insights for the improved reliability of fast response LC without electro‐optical performance loss.
68‐3: A Super‐Multiview Display with Horizontal and Vertical Parallax by Time Division and Color Multiplexing
Authors: Watanabe Yuta , Kakeya Hideki
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes a super‐multiview display with horizontal and vertical parallax by time division and color multiplexing. By using a pair of Fresnel lenses and two LCD panels, 4 x 3 viewpoints are generated around the eye. By showing 3 different views with 3 colors using time‐division quadruplexing, 12 views are generated. Focal effect given by the proposed system is confirmed with a prototype system.
68‐4: Late‐News‐Paper: 3D/2D Partially Convertible Integral Imaging Display Using Geometric Phase Lens Array
Authors: Watanabe Hayato , Omura Takuya , Okaichi Naoto , Sasaki Hisayuki , Kawakita Masahiro , Javidi Bahram
Published: September 2020

A novel integral imaging display that can partially convert between 3D and 2D images by using a dedicated lens array consisting of geometric phase lenses to control the state of the backlight is presented. We prototyped a display system and confirmed that 3D and 2D images can be reproduced simultaneously.
69‐1: Invited Paper: Trap‐dependent Electrical Characteristics of Organic Semiconductor Devices
Authors: Ko Donghyun , Lee Jaesang
Published: September 2020

Trap states strongly affect the electrical characteristics of organic semiconductor devices. Here, we report how the spatial distribution of the traps affects the current density‐voltage (J‐V) characteristics of single‐charge carrier devices. We found that when the traps are located near a charge‐injecting electrode, the electric field and thus the operating voltage of a device increase, leading to an increased device resistivity. We analyzed the J‐V characteristics vs. position of the traps by assuming that the devices are space‐charge‐limited and the energy levels of the traps follow a Gaussian distribution.
69‐4: Late‐News‐Paper: High‐Transparency Adhesive‐Encapsulation Film for OLED Device
Authors: Ohashi Satoru , Baba Eiji , Okuno Manami , Hosoi Mai , Shindo Yuki , Takada Motoyuki
Published: September 2020

We have developed pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) as adhesive encapsulation film for OLED device. The developed PSAs are found to bring high reliability on OLED encapsulated with “face seal” method without inorganic passivation under 85°C and 85%RH over 500hr. The developed PSAs are also designed to satisfy both barrier ability and high transparency, allowing simple lamination without any heating.
72‐4: Spectrum Narrowing and Efficiency Enhancement of Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes by Microcavity
Authors: Shihao Ding , Rui Cai , Xiangtian Xiao , Zhenghui Wu , Bing Xu , Kai Wang , Wei Sun Xiao
Published: September 2020

We have studied the spectrum narrowing of a microcavity quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (MQLEDs), and observed enhancement in external quantum efficiency and luminance. Our results show that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of electroluminescent is reduced by one‐third using a distributed bragg reflector (DBR) and metal mirror to form a Fabry‐Perot cavity. The narrowed spectrum also contributes to an ultrawide color gamut. In addition, the resonant cavity improves the light coupling efficiency of the devices, which exhibits a twenty percent enhancement of the external quantum efficiency.
73‐2: Invited Paper: Effects of Displays on Myopia and Possible Countermeasures Based on Epidemiology in Japan
Authors: Kawamorita Takushi
Published: September 2020

Recently, the prevalence of myopia has increased significantly in Asia. One of the possible etiologies for the same may be partly related to the amount of work requiring the use of screens. Therefore, I will present possible causes and countermeasures with regard to the display and its effect on the progression of myopia.
75‐1: Invited Paper: Digital Out of Home Displays: Advances, Requirements and Solutions
Authors: Schmid Michael
Published: September 2020

The digitalization of the displays out of home (DOOH) business is changing the whole traditional business. Major challenges are to choose the adequate display technology for the right location and to develop completes systems around the display to fulfill all individual location‐based requirements.
75‐4: All‐Glass Light‐Guide Plate with Tapered Lenticular Lens Array by Mask and Etch
Authors: Li Shenping , Sullivan Andrew J. , Li Ying , Senaratne Wageesha
Published: September 2020

We propose the use of microstructure features to enable local dimming and light extraction in edge‐lit LGPs and demonstrate 115X305 mm2 BLU with 70% uniformity (455‐points) and 19100 nits luminance by using all‐glass 1.1 mm thickness Corning Iris® glass LGP with tapered lenticular lens array fabricated using a mask and etch process.
76‐2: Distinguished Paper: A High‐Image‐Quality OLED Display with Motion Blur Reduction for Ultra‐High Resolution and Premium TVs
Authors: Shin Hong-Jae , Choi Soo-Hong , Kim Sung-Joong , Park Jae-Kyu , Yun Seong-Ho , Seo Jeong-Rim , Choi Jae-Yi , Bae Sung-Joon , Kim Han-Seop , Oh Chang-Ho
Published: September 2020

We have developed a high image quality OLED Display with motion blur reduction technology. Our latest work includes driving method which reduces motion blur using an adaptive black data insertion, brightness compensation technology, the simple structure pixel with low capacitance coupling for horizontal noise, and the multi‐function integrated gate driver. The MPRT value of the OLED display panel with a fast response time was significantly affected by the frame frequency and the compensation driving method. The decrease in the MPRT value originated from the turning of the emitting pixels off in advance resulting from providing black data. The integrated gate drivers were designed to achieve the normal display, the black data insertion, and the compensation mode. The MPRT value of the 65‐inch UHD OLED panels was decreased to 3.4ms by using an integrated gate driver circuit. The motion blur of large‐size OLED display panels was significantly reduced due to a decrease in the MPRT value.
76‐4: Late‐News‐Paper: Aromatic Hydrocarbon Macrocycles for Highly Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Devices with Simple‐Layer Architectures
Authors: Izumi Tomoo , Taka Hideo , Kita Hiroshi , Xue Jing Yang , Yoshii Asami , Tian Yi , Ikemoto Koki , Sato Sota , Isobe Hiroyuki
Published: September 2020

Unique and innovative devices, simple‐layer OLEDs, are currently being developed by designing multirole base materials. The multirole molecules, however, inevitably require elaborate design and multiple processes to synthesize. We show that the multirole base material for a highly efficient simple‐layer OLED can be designed with very simple aromatic hydrocarbon macrocycles.
77‐2: Stretchability Improvement of stretchable OLED by Pillar Array Substrate and Rotation Plate Structure
Authors: Nam Minwoo , Son Young Hyun , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: September 2020

We demonstrated stretchable OLEDs on patterned substrate by relieving stress through the substrates during stretching states. First, we demonstrated OLEDs with stress‐relief substrates composed of pillar structures and patterned substrate and it exhibited stable performance. We analyzed the role of the pillars with a mechanical simulation tool. Furthermore, we proposed new serpentine bridge structure by designing rotational plate to reduce stress onto the bridges.
78‐3: Distinguished Paper: Vein Detection with Near‐infrared Organic Photodetectors for Biometric Authentication
Authors: Tordera Daniel , Peeters Bart , Delvitto Ezequiel , Shanmugam Santhosh , Maas Joris , de Riet Joris , Verbeek Roy , van de Laar Robert , Bel Thijs , Haas Gerard , Ugalde Leslye , van Breemen Albert , Katsouras Ilias , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk , Akkerman Hylke , Meulenkamp Eric , Gelinck Gerwin
Published: September 2020

We combine a near‐infrared (NIR) sensitive organic photodetector with a high‐resolution 508 ppi oxide TFT backplane to create a large‐area thin NIR detector. Using a NIR light source the detector is capable of imaging the (pattern of) veins under the skin in reflection, leading to improved biometric authentication.
78‐4: IGZO‐based Identification Tags Communicating with Everyday Touchscreens
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Celiker Hikmet , Qiu Weiming , Ameys Marc , Smout Steve , Willegems Myriam , Deroo Filip , van der Steen Jan-Laurens , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk , Dehouwer Marco , Mityashin Alexander , Gehlhaar Robert , Dehaene Wim , Myny Kris
Published: September 2020

In this work, we demonstrate a capacitive coupled data transfer with flexible thin‐film electronics using touchscreen as ubiquitous reader interface. The capacitive communication to the touchscreen is proven using a 64‐bit metal‐oxide thin‐film capacitive‐coupled identification tag. The tag is powered by a thin film battery or thin‐film photovoltaic cell that is converting the light of the screen. The thin‐film integrated tag has on‐chip monolithic electrodes (0.8cm2), and the integrated circuit employs 409 transistors and dissipates only 140nW of power at 600mV supply voltage. The asynchronous data rate of the chip is up to 35bps, strictly limited by the touchscreen readout electronics.
79‐1: Invited Paper: A New Generation of QD‐Diffusion Plate Technology for TV
Authors: Ji Honglei , Xu Huaishu , Guo Junqiu
Published: September 2020

This paper reports a novel QD diffusion plate for liquid crystal display by using a three‐layer co‐extrusion method without any expensive barrier film. Quantum dots were homogeneous embedded in the polymeric matrix of the middle layer, and the upper and lower layer act as protective layers to avoid the destruction of external environment to quantum dots. The QD diffusion plate can realize 105% NTSC1931 color gamut with the same brightness as the backlight using conventional QD film. Reliability tests demonstrate that the quantum dot diffusion plate shows satisfactory stability comparable to the conventional quantum dot films under conditions of blue‐LED irradiation, high temperature and high humidity.
79‐3: Invited Paper: The past, the present and the future of perovskite QDs
Authors: Luechinger Norman A
Published: September 2020

We give insight into the promises and challenges of perovskite QDs and will explain why it took a while to make them viable for commercial use in displays. Moreover we will show how the perovskite stability at Avantama evolved over the past 5 years and which development strategies resulted in this progress. Green perovskite QDs will hit the market in 2020 in the form of QD backlight films enabling unprecedented display performance.
80‐3: Immanent Dichromaticity in Trichromatic Observer: 2nd Coordinate in MDS Analyses of R‐G Neutral‐ and Y‐B Only Changed‐Stimuli Reflects Chromatic Saliency
Authors: Hira Shoko , Endo Rei , Mochihara Kanta , Ohkoba Minoru , Ishikawa Tomoharu , Ayama Miyoshi , Ohtsuka Sakuichi
Published: September 2020

We investigate immanent dichromaticity in trichromatic observers by using MDS (Multidimensional‐Scaling). The results show that color‐constellations yielded when observing R‐G neutral‐ and Y‐B only changed‐stimuli provides strong evidence of concave‐shaped dichromic. The results of additional paired comparison tests on subjective saliency reveal that the second coordinate of MDS reflects perceived chromatic saliency.
81‐4: Array Defect Detection and Repair Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Guo Kai , Li Xiaolong , Niu Yanan , Qin Wei , Peng Kuanjun , Liu Weixing , Xu Zhiqiang , Teng Wanpeng , Wang Tieshi , Zhang Chunfang , Qin Bin , Wang Wei
Published: September 2020

Defect detection is a common task in industry production, array defect is an undesirable phenomenon in array substrate production process due to the environment, production conditions and so on. Array defect detection is very important for the quality performance of final product. Compared with other defects, array defects have a more complex background, make the detection logic is more advanced and difficult to judge. In this paper, we propose a convolution neural network (CNN) for array defect detection based on Faster‐RCNN architecture. On the basis of VGG16 network, we add cross‐connection layer in feature extracted layer to improve the accuracy of small‐size defect detection. On the other hand, we use ROIAlign layer instead of ROI pooling layer to offset the position migration caused by downsampling. The experimental results show that our strategies have a good performance in array defect detection. The precious of defect recognition is more than 95%, and the recall rate is more than 86%, while the defects are divided into 10 categories and the marking image is about 1400 for each type of defect. At the same time, a defect repair scheme based on generating adversarial network (GAN) were proposed: a) input an array defect image and GAN can be used to generate the image without defect or after defect repair, b) the defect repair template can be obtained by compare the generated result with original image, c) this defect repair template can provide reference for practical repair of array defect. In addition, the GAN can be used to optimize array repair scheme and even take the place of manual array defect repair in the future, which can promote the intelligent repair of array defect.
81‐5: Image Quality Predication System in Display Fabrication Process
Authors: Lee Yong Woo , Lee Gi Chang , Choi Hyun Young , Yoo Dong Il , Ahn Kyu Soo , Kim Cheol Ho , Park Hae Ryung , Ko Min Jae , Kim Yong Jo
Published: September 2020

A Mura has been one of the most important defects in the display since Samsung Display Co., Ltd. was founded. Due to the variation in fabrication (FAB) process, the Mura is occurred. The only way of detecting Mura until now is judging by the human's recognizing after the panel is created. In the respect of manufacturing, late detection of it is a huge problem. In this research, we developed the system which predicts the Mura index in early step. This system extracts the Thin Film Transistor (TFT) characteristics, Resistance and Capacitance (RC) parameters and Optic information from images through image processing; to enhance the quality of images, upscaling method is introduced. High speed is essential for this monitoring system to be applied to manufacturing process; however it takes long time when using simulation. Therefore, we introduced machine learning (ML) for TFT characteristics and Optics as well as gradual meshing for RC extraction. Attributed to the system, the lead time for Mura detection is decreased from 10 days to 4days in OLED device (in LCD device, from 15 days to 2 days). And accuracy for the predictions is achieved over 0.80.
82‐2: Invited Paper: Latest Progress of Laser Phosphor Projection Display
Authors: Hu Fei , Zhang Cuiping , Guo Zuqiang , Chen Chen , Li Yi
Published: September 2020

In recent years, the laser phosphor technology is becoming a mainstream one in the industry of projection display. In this paper, we first review the development of different light source technologies used in projectors. Thereafter, we review the evolution of our laser phosphor technology and then present its latest progress ‐ RGB laser phosphor.
83‐2: Reliability Characterization of Luminance Degradation of OLED Mobile Display Considering Color Difference Index Based on Usage Patterns
Authors: Kim Heejin , Choi Yoonsuk , Kim Sangkil , Chung Sam , Park Jongwoo
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we delve into reliability characterization for the luminance degradation of OLED device considering color difference index based on the usage patterns. Accelerated aging tests were conducted and then the usage patterns (viewing contents) were taken accounted for the power model to evaluate lifetime. This method enables to provide a practical lifetime prediction on color shifts induced display image degradation at different Gray levels, since different individual components of Red (R), Green (G), and Blue (B) have different degradation rate associated with the usage patterns. Using the color coordinate CIE 1931 (Δx, Δy), the just‐noticeable difference (JND) index is adopted to quantitatively assess color difference as an objective judgment with a perceivable recognition. Such approach will render a consistent management over color difference and, thus, facilitate product color performance and field reliability.
84‐1: Invited Paper: 30‐inch 4K Rollable OLED Display
Authors: Sonoda Tohru , Murashige Shogo , Tanaka Kohhei , Takase Kenji , Katoh Hiromi , Kataoka Yoshiharu , Usui Takenobu , Okada Takuya , Shimizu Takahisa
Published: September 2020

In this work, we report 30‐inch 4K rollable AMOLED display, featuring IGZO‐TFT backplane and side by side evaporation process with etching fine metal mask. Adaptive temporal aperture control is used to improve motion image quality. Roll‐up mechanics have various parts to get its flatness, quietness and stability. Finally, we demonstrate a large rollable display, showing motion images clearly and rolling up compact with a radius of 20 mm.
85‐5: Late‐News‐Paper: Real Time Dynamic Holographic Display Based on Perovskite Doped Liquid Crystal
Authors: Wu Siyao , Xu Dingyan , Yan Zekun , Xu Xinglei , Wang Yunfeng , Li Yan , He Gufeng
Published: September 2020

Holographic display, which can completely reconstruct phase and amplitude information, is considered as an ideal true three‐dimensional display technology. In this work, liquid crystal doped with perovskite (CsPbBr3) works as the photorefractive material and forms diffraction grating under the interference light beams. The dependences of diffraction efficiency and response time on doping concentration, recording beam power and applied voltage are investigated. A maximum first‐order diffraction efficiency of 18% has been achieved under a low electric field intensity of ~0.5 V/μm and the shortest grating build up time is as low as 5.5 ms. The system can realize a real‐time dynamic display with 60 Hz refresh rate.
P‐5: Compact Modeling of Independent Dual Gate TFTs and OLED for Display Panel Circuit Simulations
Authors: Kang Jiahao , Guan Ximeng , Wang Shaowen , Yuan Ze , Yu Xiaojun
Published: September 2020

This work presents a universal and comprehensive compact model for three‐ and four‐terminal thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The DC and AC behaviors of TFTs with independent bottom gate or light shield layer are modeled. A threshold‐voltage‐based capacitance model is built to meet the requirements of charge conservation and Gummel capacitance symmetry in order to illuminate spurious voltage shift and current discontinuity that are found in conventional TFT models such as RPI. Stress models are implemented in a stretched‐exponential form. In addition, a compact model for OLED is included in the build.
P‐15: Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide Thin Films Utilizing Three‐Omega Method
Authors: Khan Rauf , Chang-Hoon Shim , Hattori Reiji
Published: September 2020

The temperature dependence of cross‐plane thermal conductivity of Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide (IGZO) thin film was measured using a differential three‐omega method. The IGZO thin films were deposited on Al2O3 substrate by DC sputtering in room temperature. The thermal conductivities were observed to be 1.6, 1.8 and 2.6 W/(m·K) at some different oxygen partial pressures, 0%, 10%, and 65%, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of IGZO thin film is decreasing with increasing the measurement ambient temperature according to the crystalline material typical characteristics. These results notify that a crystallinity exists inside the IGZO films and this crystalline phase governs the heat conduction into IGZO films.
P‐16: Homojunction Indium–Gallium–Zinc Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors by Selective Simultaneous UV and Thermal Treatment
Authors: Kim Hyung Tae , Yoo Hyukjoon , Park Jeong Woo , Kim Won-Gi , Choi Dong Hyun , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: September 2020

Indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) based thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated via selective simultaneous UV and thermal treatment (SSUT). SSUT is one‐step deposition process with activation and patterning for an active layer region of homojunction IGZO TFTs. As a result, the IGZO TFTs via SSUT showed the improved electrical characteristics.
P‐17: Low‐Temperature, Solution‐Processed Inorganic p‐Channel Cu‐based Thin‐Film Transistors and Circuits
Authors: Liu Ao , Zhu Huihui , Noh Yong-Young
Published: September 2020

Developing p‐type transparent semiconductors has attracted great interest over the past decades to realize complementary p‐n junction devices and circuits by cost effective graphic art processes. Here we report two kinds of transparent p‐type Cu‐based transistors (CuI and CuxO), which can be synthesized using solution process at plastic‐compatible temperatures.
P‐19: A Study of Oxide TFT Vth Shift Behavior by Characterizing with Nano‐scale SIMS
Authors: Park Jung Hwa , Han Jae Bum , Jeong Soo Im , Park Young Gil , Ahn Nari
Published: September 2020

In the present work we developed advanced nano‐scale SIMS technology and investigated oxide TFTs Vth shift behavior. Not only vertical but also lateral resolutions were improved by modification of geometry factors and optimized the impact energy. By applying developed method, we found that a halogen element was directly modulated electrical property of oxide TFTs by generating free electrons. Both the patterning and post‐fabrication annealing processes had to be precisely controlled.
P‐21: A New Perceptual‐driven Approach to Foveated Head‐Mounted Displays
Authors: Lyu Pengyinjie , Hua Hong
Published: September 2020

We explore a new perceptual‐driven static approach to design a foveated head‐mounted display potentially offering nearly imperceptible degradation of image quality and potentially realizes large field of view and high resolution without eye tracker and scanning mechanisms. We presented the general method and further experimentally demonstrated the method with a 4K monitor.
P‐24: The Visual Effect Evaluation of High Frame Rate Gaming LCD
Authors: Chen Jianyou , Zhou Ting , Zhong Caijiao , Zhou Ting , Li Junyi
Published: September 2020

MPRT (Motion Picture Response Time) has been put forward to characterize the key performance of gaming display, however, it is more about objective effect. This paper introduces a visual effect evaluation method of high frame rate gaming display. It shows that the luminance of foreground and background in a moving picture both can affect the sensitivity of our visual sense. Furthermore, it provides a new way to lower the motion blur in displays.
P‐33: A High Current‐Drive, Step‐Up Capacitive Power Converter for Display Driver
Authors: Li Chenglin , Zhang Dewei , Zeng Weiling , Lin Hesheng , Zhang Min
Published: September 2020

In this work, we propose a step‐up switched‐capacitor (SC) power converter for the display driver ICs. Based on available topology with full voltage‐conversion‐ratio, it achieves voltage‐conversion‐ratios (VCRs) from 1 to 2n with only n (minimized number) flying capacitors. We focus on control scheme of the SC converter, and try to reduce the number of the power switches. Based on 0.18 μm HVBCD process, a 3‐stage SC converter has been designed, and the number of power switches has been reduced from 18 to 13. It has demonstrated performance improvements by 20% to 230% in the current‐drive‐capacity of the full VCRs, respectively. The maximum output current can be 12.2 mA, and the achieved peak efficiency is 93%.
P‐35: Applying HVS Model to Construct SPR Algorithm for PenTile RGB Display
Authors: Wang Baojun , Jin Yufeng , Lai Ching-Hong , Chen Yin-Hung , Jou Ming-Jong , Zhao Bin , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2020

This paper focuses on the design and simplification computation of the optimal filter based on the HVS model for PenTile RGB. After simplifying, the proposed method is also easy to implement in hardware. Simulation results show that the optimal filter obtained by mathematical optimization can suppress the color fringing artifacts and improve apparent resolution.
P‐36: Highly Reliable a‐IGZO TFT Gate Driver Circuit to Prevent Leakage Path in Depletion Mode Operation
Authors: Lee Jungwoo , Oh Jongsu , Jung Eun Kyo , Park KeeChan , Lee Soo-Yeon , Kim Yong-Sang
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes new gate driver circuit to prevent VOUT ripple voltage by boosting‐down effect of pull‐up unit. Using only one pull‐down TFT with 50% turn‐on duty ratio, the proposed circuit can obtain high reliability for continuous bias stress and fully cut‐off ripple voltage by negative VGS for pull‐up TFT.
P‐40: Glass substrate charging in flat panel display manufacturing
Authors: Manley Robert G. , Smith Nicholas J. , Zhelev Nikolay , Bhattacharyya Indrani , Thelen Dean , Streltsova Elena , Walczak Wanda , Mis Jonathan , Agnello Gabriel
Published: September 2020

As technology in the arena of flat panel display progresses, panels are becoming larger, with higher pixel density and smaller device geometries. The glass sheets utilized in said panel fabrication processes are getting larger in area with Gen 10.5 (2940 mm × 3370 mm × 0.5 mm) sheets currently in mass production. With the increase in glass substrate size and decrease in the dimensions of devices fabricated on them, the continued trend will be towards greater sensitivity to electrostatic charge and possible failure. In this discussion, the role of glass charging in FPD manufacturing is presented, and its characterization is discussed.
P‐44: Polysulfide Elastomers as Highly Elastic Materials for Flexible Displays
Authors: Vega Abraham , Yang Kejia , Reit Radu
Published: September 2020

In this study, we will discuss the design of polysulfide thermosets (PSTs) with elastomeric properties, namely low Young's modulus (< 10 MPa), high elastic strains to failure (> 25%) and other challenging properties needed for the new dynamic form‐factor displays. We focus specifically on the elastic requirements of these low‐modulus materials and the need for a lack of irreversible strain after multiple cycles of loading and unloading. These PST materials yield films with low hysteretic behavior (<8% in the highest‐strain compositions vs. >35% for standard OCA films) and virtually no irreversible strain after cyclic loading (<1% in all compositions vs. >30% in current commercial alternatives). These results show the promise that PST materials will to satisfy the challenging mechanical needs of deformable displays and discuss how future elastomeric research and development should aim to address these challenges.
P‐46: Fabrication and characterization of thick Cu films deposited on G8.5 LCD glass substrates for 8k and large TV panels
Authors: Li Guo , Hui Xia , Zhiwei Tan , Juncheng Xiao , Hang Zhou
Published: September 2020

The deposition of thick Cu films on large glass substrates, for instance G8.5 and G10.5 is challenging but essential for large size and 8k TV sets. The inevitable temperature rising during metal deposition results in a series of severe issues such as film oxidation and glass bending, which have been seldom investigated. In the paper, the process issues leading by thick Cu film deposition have been disclosed and solutions have been discussed. Film properties as surface roughness, grain size and electrical resistivity have been characterized and the results will help improve the performance of thick Cu wires.
P‐48: Study of ITO Electrode on the White Color Uniformity of TFT‐LCD
Authors: An Hui , Cao Binbin , Lv Yanming , Ye Chengzhi , Li Fangfang , Ma Li , Duanmu Qingyong , Yang Zengqian , Peng Junlin , Liu Zengli , Li Fajie , Peng Hongyong , Lu Xiangwan , Li Hengbin
Published: September 2020

This paper makes a research on the relationship between TFT transmittance and white color uniformity, which based on 1st ITO process optimization. The results show that the better TFT transmittance uniformity leads to better white color uniformity, and the ITO oxidation is an important factor for TFT transmittance uniformity improvement. Annealing and increase oxygen flow during ITO sputtering when annealing is skipped are both the effective methods to obtain an excellent white color uniformity.