bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiphoton scaling of femtosecond laser-induced refractive index change (LIRIC) in hydrogels and rabbit cornea
Authors: Wozniak Kaitlin T. , Manning Zachary A. , Huang Ruiting , Cox Steven , Butler Sam C. , Ferlo Sebastian , Zheleznyak Len , Xu Lisen , Ellis Jonathan D. , Huxlin Krystel R. , Knox Wayne H.
Published: September 2024

To find optimal conditions for performing laser induced refractive index change (LIRIC) in living eyes with both safety and efficacy, we investigated multiphoton excitation scaling of this procedure in hydrogel and excised corneal tissue. Three distinct wavelength modalities were examined: high-repetition-rate (HRR) and low-repetition-rate (LRR) 405 nm systems, as well as 800 nm and 1035 nm systems, whose LIRIC-inducing properties are described for the first time. Of all the systems, LRR 405 nm-LIRIC was able to produce the highest phase shifts at the lowest average laser powers. Relative merits and drawbacks to each modality are discussed as they relate to future efforts towards LIRIC-based refractive error correction in humans.
Benchmarking framework for resource allocation algorithms in multicore fiber elastic optical networks
Authors: Pinto-Ríos Juan , Dumas Feris Bárbara , Vásquez Christofer , Saavedra Gabriel , Bórquez-Paredes Danilo , Jara Nicolás , Olivares Ricardo , Amjad Saquib , Leiva Ariel , Mas-Machuca Carmen
Published: September 2024

The lack of standards in the performance evaluation of new resource allocation algorithms in multicore fiber elastic optical networks (MCF-EONs) compromises the fairness when comparing them with the state of the art. This paper reviews the different transmission parameters, network parameters, performance metrics, and baselines used by the recent proposals to build a framework for future benchmarking of such algorithms according to the nature of the network operation, whether static or dynamic. This framework aims to provide standards regarding evaluation criteria, scenarios, and performance metrics, as well as recommendations concerning technology advances to promote methodology and reproducibility in further related studies.
Nonlinear dispersion of backward-wave four-wave mixing in a photorefractive semiconductor and its effect on group velocity
Authors: Shcherbin Konstantin , Mathey Pierre , Shumelyuk Alexander N. , Evans Dean R.
Published: September 2024

Photorefractive backward-wave four-wave mixing may be configured for the amplification of the phase conjugate output and the attenuation of the transmitted output. The nondegenerate-in-frequency interaction is studied in such a configuration, realized in a semiconductor CdTe crystal. The spectra measured at different outputs show the gain and attenuation resonances. The preliminary study of optical pulse propagation demonstrates that, due to different nonlinear dispersions at different outputs of the selected wave mixing configuration, a slowing down of light is observed at the phase conjugate output, while an acceleration of light is detected at the transmitted output for the same input pulse at the same interaction.
From the few main colors to their spectra: discussion on robustness or mutability of a material’s color
Authors: Ravet Hugo , Penin Nicolas , Chiron Anthony , Gaudon Manuel
Published: September 2024

The present work intends to bring a new approach to the creation of target colorations in pigment research and development. Rather than proposing a “chemist's” approach, i.e. based on knowledge of the accessible energy levels of the electrons in matter whose transfer will produce absorption phenomena, we propose here, “without any compositional guide”, to establish the spectra corresponding to the 6 main colors (red-green-blue-cyan-magenta-yellow): the created spectra for the modeling are created without trying to correspond to any specific composition. Hence, we propose herein a “process” which can be directly transferred to experimental spectra associated with experimental compounds, whatever their nature: organic or inorganic, metallic, semi-conducting or insulating, etc. Since “out of all compositional guide” does not mean “unrealistic”, we have first shown that inorganic pigments, which are made up of absorption phenomena associated with the three main types of electronic transfer, can be robustly simulated in absorbance space by a linear combination of Gaussian functions. Briefly, this work led us to show several interesting conclusions in successive stages:

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A single phenomenon can already create yellow, magenta, and blue colors with very good agreement,

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All colors can be created with two-Gaussian spectra,

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Very different spectra can lead to the same coloration (metamerism, which is already largely documented in literature). We showed that these “metameric” spectra then have properties of robustness (maintenance of coloration) for a change of the illuminant or a shift in the energy position of the absorption bands, which can be highly variable. Some colorations are intrinsically more robust than others to these environmental changes.
Bats generate lower affinity but higher diversity antibody responses than those of mice, but pathogen-binding capacity increases if protein is restricted in their diet
Authors: Crowley Daniel E. , Falvo Caylee A. , Benson Evelyn , Hedges Jodi , Jutila Mark , Ezzatpour Shahrzad , Aguilar Hector C. , Ruiz-Aravena Manuel , Ma Wenjun , Schountz Tony , Rynda-Apple Agnieszka , Plowright Raina K.
Published: September 2024

Bats are reservoirs of many zoonotic viruses that are fatal in humans but do not cause disease in bats. Moreover, bats generate low neutralizing antibody titers in response to experimental viral infection, although more robust antibody responses have been observed in wild-caught bats during times of food stress. Here, we compared the antibody titers and B cell receptor (BCR) diversity of Jamaican fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis; JFBs) and BALB/c mice generated in response to T-dependent and T-independent antigens. We then manipulated the diet of JFBs and challenged them with H18N11 influenza A-like virus or a replication incompetent Nipah virus VSV (Nipah-riVSV). Under standard housing conditions, JFBs generated a lower avidity antibody response and possessed more BCR mRNA diversity compared to BALB/c mice. However, withholding protein from JFBs improved serum neutralization in response to Nipah-riVSV and improved serum antibody titers specific to H18 but reduced BCR mRNA diversity.
The conserved protein adaptors CALM/AP180 and FCHo1/2 cooperatively recruit Eps15 to promote the initiation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in yeast
Authors: Sun Yidi , Yeam Albert , Kuo Jonathan , Iwamoto Yuichiro , Hu Gean , Drubin David G.
Published: September 2024

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a critical trafficking process that begins when an elaborate endocytic protein network is established at the plasma membrane. Interaction of early endocytic proteins with anionic phospholipids and/or cargo has been suggested to trigger CME initiation. However, the exact mechanism by which CME sites are initiated has not been fully elucidated. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, higher levels of anionic phospholipids and cargo molecules exist in the newly formed daughter cell compared to the levels in the mother cell during polarized growth. Taking advantage of this asymmetry, we quantitatively compared CME proteins in S. cerevisiae mother versus daughter cells, observing differences in the dynamics and composition of key endocytic proteins. Our results show that CME site initiation occurs preferentially on regions of the plasma membrane with a relatively higher density of endocytic cargo and/or acidic phospholipids. Furthermore, our combined live cell-imaging and yeast genetics analysis provided evidence for a molecular mechanism in which CME sites are initiated when Yap1801 and Yap1802 (yeast CALM/AP180) and Syp1 (yeast FCHo1/2) coordinate with anionic phospholipids and cargo molecules to trigger Ede1 (yeast Eps15)-centric CME initiation complex assembly at the plasma membrane.
Ambiguous landscapes: A framework for assessing robustness and uncertainties in archaeological point pattern analysis
Authors: Herrera Malatesta Eduardo , de Valeriola Sébastien
Published: September 2024

Landscape research in archaeology has greatly benefited from the increasing application of computational methods over the last decades. Spatial statistical methods such as point pattern analysis have been particularly revolutionary. Archaeologists have used point pattern analysis to explore spatial arrangements and relations between ‘points’ (e.g., locations of artefacts or archaeological sites). However, the results obtained from these techniques can be greatly affected by the uncertainty coming from the fragmentary nature of archaeological data, their irregular distribution in the landscape, and the working methods used to study them. Furthermore, the quantification of uncertainty in spatial data coming from non-systematic surveys has never been fully addressed. To overcome this challenge, archaeologists have increasingly relied on applying advanced methods from statistics, data science, and geography. While the application of advanced methods from formal sciences will provide robustness to models based on uncertain datasets, as with uncertainty, robustness must be assessed in relation to the case study, the regional context, and the methods used. These issues are of great importance when the models from advanced methods are directly used to create narratives about past landscapes. In this paper, we gather previous research on uncertainty quantification in archaeology and formalize its best practices into a framework to assess robustness and uncertainty in spatial statistical models, particularly focusing on one commonly used in the discipline, i.e., the Pair Correlation Function. This framework allows us to understand better how incomplete data affect a model, quantify the model uncertainties, and assess the robustness of the results achieved with spatial point processes.
Analysis of influencing factors of traffic accidents on urban ring road based on the SVM model optimized by Bayesian method
Authors: Wang Lei , Xiao Mei , Lv Jiliang , Liu Jian
Published: September 2024

Based on small scale sample of accident data from specific scenarios, fully exploring the potential influencing factors of the severity of traffic accidents has become a key and effective research method. In order to analyze the factors mentioned above in the scenario of urban ring roads, this paper collected data records of 1250 traffic accidents involving different severity on urban ring road of a central city in northwest China in the past 3 years. Firstly, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model of non-parametric method is utilized to analyze the data above, and three kernel functions of linear, inhomogeneous polynomial and Gaussian radial basis are constructed respectively. Considering comprehensively 16 potential influencing factors covering the driver-vehicle-road-environment integrated system, the SVM models of above three kernel functions are verified, accuracy reaches 0.771 and F1 reaches 0.841. Then, Bayesian Optimization (BO), Grids Search (GS) and Rough Set (RS) are utilized as optimizer to adjust the parameters of Gaussian radial basis function SVM model, the performance of BO-SVM is further improved and reaches the optimum, with an average accuracy of 0.875 on the test set and a F1 of 0.886, completely outperforming the benchmark models of GS-SVM, RS-SVM, Bilayer-LSTM and BP. Finally, the sensitivity analysis method is utilized to quantify the sensitivity of the potential influencing factors to the severity of road accidents, and the backward selection method is utilized to screen the core influencing factors that influence the severity of accident, concluded that core influencing factors are age, driving mileage and vehicle type. This paper will provide reference for the analysis of the significant influencing factors for road accidents severity, and to provide theoretical support for the precise formulation of accident improvement strategies.
El caleidoscopio de Sófocles: sobre Antígona y la filosofía del derecho
Authors: Sotomayor Trelles José Enrique
Published: September 2024

El presente ensayo ofrece una lectura contemporánea de la posición de cinco personajes de la tragedia sofoclea Antígona: Creonte, Antígona, Ismene, Hemón y Tiresias. Sostengo que en sus planteamientos podemos encontrar los ejes centrales de diversas discusiones de la filosofía del derecho, encarnada en problemas tales como la obediencia al derecho, los órdenes de normatividad del derecho positivo y de la ética, la relación entre derecho y poder, y entre derecho y razón práctica, en la forma de la prudencia y de la modulación en la aplicación de la ley y de sus sanciones. En ese sentido, el análisis es una prueba de la tesis central, es decir, que Antígona es una suerte de caleidoscopio para pensar asuntos centrales de la filosofía del derecho contemporánea y que, en consecuencia, su valor no es meramente histórico.
Sobre la supuesta «pureza epistemológica» de la valoración de la prueba: a propósito de una tesis de Jordi Ferrer Beltrán
Authors: Rovatti Pablo
Published: September 2024

En su caracterización de la prueba en el derecho, Jordi Ferrer Beltrán divide a la actividad probatoria en tres momentos: la formación del conjunto de elementos de elementos de juicio, la valoración de esa prueba y la adopción de la decisión sobre los hechos probados. Sobre esa base, sostiene que, en sistemas de libre valoración, el segundo momento estaría gobernado exclusivamente por las reglas de la lógica y la epistemología. A su ver, no jugarían allí particularidades propiamente jurídicas, a diferencia de lo que sucede en el primer y tercer momento. En este trabajo se argumenta que esa caracterización debería ser matizada. El argumento se desarrolla en dos pasos. Por un lado, se aborda la diferencia entre la corrección epistémica y la legitimidad moral/jurídica de las generalizaciones empíricas y se concluye que no toda generalización correcta desde el punto de vista empírico es aceptable para elaborar argumentos probatorios en los procesos judiciales. Por el otro lado, se describen tres técnicas que el derecho emplea para controlar el razonamiento justificativo de las decisiones judiciales: la advertencia, la exclusión y una tercera, que consiste en ordenar o prohibir el uso de ciertas líneas de razonamiento inferencial. A partir de estas premisas se concluye que la actividad probatoria en los procesos judiciales no sólo se ve constreñida por razones normativas cuando se trata de formar el conjunto de las pruebas que podrán ser utilizadas o de adoptar una decisión sobre los hechos probados. Pues, además, ciertas reglas jurídicas ordenan o prohíben a los encargados de decidir usar de cierto modo las pruebas de las que disponen, y lo hacen, con una frecuencia no desdeñable, por razones no epistémicas. Esta interferencia jurídica en la valoración de la prueba, buena parte de las veces, se justifica por remisión al contenido de las cláusulas de debido proceso, presentes en los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos y en las constituciones rígidas de los modernos Estados de derecho. Por ello, se afirma que el derecho no sólo interfiere a menudo en la valoración de la prueba, sino que lo hace por razones que no es deseable abandonar.
ANALYSIS OF MICROVASCULAR PATTERN ON HISTOLOGICAL SAMPLE OF MYOCARDIUM USING VORONOI SEGMENTATION
Authors: Šrámek Jaromír , Pierzynová Aneta , Kučera Tomáš , Melenovský Vojtěch
Published: September 2024

Remodeling of a microvascular network is common part of pathological changes associated with wide spectrum of diseases. Quantitative analysis of these alterations relies often on analysis of a point-pattern on the histological slide, i.e. on sections through the microvascular network only. Common techniques are based on the estimation of the average density of points representing section through microvessels on the histological image. This approach inherently omits the information about the regularity of the pattern. Thus, we used approach based on the Voronoi segmentation and chose the best statistical model of areas of Voronoi cells surrounding microvessels on 20 samples of human myocardium. The best model is based on the log-normal distribution. Parameters of the model for given data can be estimated as a mean and a standard deviation of logarithms of areas of Voronoi cells. Moreover, these parameters can be transformed to the widely used measure called the microvascular density.
THE PROCESS OF REPAIRING FLAGPOLES AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF WALL PAINT DRYING
Authors: Pipit Pratiwi Rahayu
Published: September 2024

The repair of the flagpole's place aims to beautify the garden on the roadside of Dusun Mredo, RT: 04, Bangunharjo, Sewon, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Repair of this flagpole requires special skills so that the results are good. In the drying process of painting the wall surface, the Moisture Ratio formula is obtained MR = 1- t/67, with ambient temperature 24 °C.
TESTING OF ADEQUACY OF MODELLING OF PROCESSES OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION BY A METHOD OF FINAL ELEMENTS. MODELLING OF THE MAJOR PARAMETERS OF PUNCHING
Authors: Vorontsov A. L. , Vlasov A. V.
Published: September 2024

Results of calculations by a method of final elements of height of the center of plastic deformation, temperature effect of deformation, distribution of normal pressure at an end face of a punch, a corner of an elastic deflection of a matrix, specific forces of expression by conic punches are resulted and drawn the general conclusions on the given cycle of articls.
THE PILLING – BEDWARDS CRITERION FOR THE SURFACE OXIDE OF STEEL CRNI65MWU AFTER VARIOUS MODES OF COMPLETE ANNEALING
Authors: Gostev S. D. , Gotz I. Y.
Published: September 2024

The article presents studies of the continuity of the protective surface oxide of corrosion-resistant stainless steel CrNi65MWU, evaluated according to the Pilling – Bedwards criterion. In the work, the interrelation of changes in the continuity of the surface oxide depending on the modes of preheat treatment is carried out, and the effect of premachining of the product on this property of the oxide film is determined. Optimal modes of complete annealing were found to obtain an surface oxide with maximum continuity.
WATERJET CUTTING IS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF CUTTING SHEET METAL
Authors: Zubarev Yu. M. , Weber A. W. , Bogdanov E. V. , Barsukov V. A.
Published: September 2024

The advantages of waterjet cutting when cutting sheet metal from various materials in shipbuilding are considered. It is shown how the technological parameters of the waterjet cutting process affect the main output indicators of the processing process. The possibility of import substitution of basic consumables and components of such installations is substantiated.
RADIAL PISTON PUMP WITH A COMPENSATING STATOR PROFILE FOR ELIMINATE FEED LOSSES DUE TO FLUID SUBSIDENCE
Authors: Nizhegorodov A. I.
Published: September 2024

In this work, we consider an unregulated radial piston pump with a compensating profile of the stator surface. This design eliminates feed losses due to dynamic compression and subsidence of liquid in the working chamber under the pressure formed in the operating hydraulic system. Radial piston hydraulic machines operate at pressures of 40 – 60 mPa and higher. At a pressure of 45 mPa, i.e., the case considered in the paper, the volume of liquid subsidence in the working chamber and the connecting channel reaches almost 3 %. This results in a hydraulic shock that reduces the volumetric efficiency of the pump. The level of linear subsidence, equivalent to the reduction of the plunger stroke, equals 2.54 mm at a working chamber diameter of 25 mm, which is more than 10 %. According to the level of linear subsidence, the stator inner surface correction parameter δst is set, which increases the plunger stroke and displaced fluid volume as if the pressure in the hydraulic system were zero. The dimensions of the plunger shank are calculated, at which the suction conditions do not deteriorate while the subsidence is reduced to 2.6 % due to decreasing the volume of the connecting channel of the pump working chamber.
MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL SYSTEMS LIGHTING DEVICES
Authors: Bayneva I. I. , Garina M. E. , Potyagova Yu. A.
Published: September 2024

The design of lighting devices, the properties of the materials and components used in them, as well as light sources determine the possibility of operating the lamps when exposed to certain environmental factors. All materials have different physical and chemical properties, knowing which, you can correctly determine under what operating conditions the device will function reliably. The choice of the optical system of a lighting device is the most important and one of the first stages of design, which largely determines the overall layout of the light fixture, its dimensions, weight and all the main characteristics. The basis for choosing an optical system of a joint venture is a set of requirements for quality indicators and parameters of the joint venture, primarily lighting, presented in the technical specifications for the design of the joint venture. In this case, external factors and their influence on the parameters of the lighting device must be taken into account, as well as the properties of materials, the specifics of the production technology and the features of using the lighting device in a lighting installation.
METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE FLOW-RATE CHARACTERISTICS OF A CHEMICAL INJECTION METERING (THROTTLE) VALVE WITH A LAMINAR AND TURBULENT STAGE OF A SHUT-OFF AND CONTROL ELEMENT
Authors: Dragunov A. I. , Trukhanov K. A.
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the methodology for calculation the flowrate-drop characteristic of chemical injecting valve with a laminar and turbulent stage of a locking and regulating element (LRE). Three types of chemicals widely used in the oil industry are used as input data. In addition, the calculation was made for three different flowrates of these types of chemicals. It is shown that, in contrast to the “cone to edge” valve type of reverse flowrate, with the use of two-stage LRE, a linear from of the flow-difference characteristic and the flow characteristic of the valve is achieved. The dependences of consumption of chemical reagents at various geometrical parameters of the valve for three standard sizes of valves are obtained and presented. The scientific novelty of the work includes the created methodology for calculating the flowrate-drop characteristic of metering valves (CIMV/CITV) with a laminar and turbulent stage of a locking and regulating element (shut-off and control element), the production and design of which is currently not available in the Russian Federation.
TO THE CALCULATION OF GRAVITY TRANSPORTERS FOR A SPEEDY DESCENT
Authors: Liberman Ya. L. , Danilov A. Yu. , Gorbunova L. N.
Published: September 2024

Some issues of designing gravity conveyors of rapid descent, used to transfer parts of various geometric shapes from one point to another under the influence of gravity, for example, in warehouse transport systems, production and automatic lines in mechanical engineering, are considered.
THERMAL CONDITION OF LIGHT DEVICES AND ACCOUNTING IN THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Authors: Bayneva I. I. , Borisov A. V. , Kozlov N. Yu. , Poroshkin D. I.
Published: September 2024

The thermal regime of a light device largely determines its reliability and safety, lighting and electrical characteristics. For better dissipation of the heat generated in the devices, thermal fittings are designed in the form of devices for the passage of convection flows, radiators, and circuit boards. The study of the thermal regime of lighting devices has always been and remains an urgent task, both for lighting devices with traditional light sources and with LEDs. If the thermal conditions of lighting devices do not match the temperature characteristics of components and materials, their service life is sharply reduced. This is especially important for luminaires intended for use in industrial premises with hazardous environmental conditions.
ISSUES OF OPTIMIZATION OF MONITORING OF WOODLANDS USING LOW-FLYING DRONES
Authors: Gumbatov D. Aziz oglu
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the optimization of the use of low-flying drones for monitoring forests. The adaptive mode of identification of trees in the forest using low-flying drones has been optimized. A target optimization functional has been formed that displays the average integral value of the frequency of alternation of image elements, i.e. black-and-white pixels in the field of view of the imaging radiometer. The adaptive control function is calculated, indicating the relationship between the flight altitude and the height of trees at which the target functional reaches a minimum. A recommendation is made to avoid this mode in the practice of using drones when monitoring forest areas.
TECHNOLOGY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MACHINE-GRAPHICS PROFILE OF A PARTS AND ASSEMBLY UNITS IN TRAINING SKETCHES
Authors: Leonova S. A. , Khotina G. K. , Arkhipova O. V. , Tarasenko O. S.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of studying the discipline “Engineering Graphics” is to acquire skills in working with engineering and graphic information: mapping spatial objects to orthogonal planes in the form of a drawing (direct task), reading a drawing (inverse task), ultimately solving spatial and logical problems. The necessity to start performing graphic works with a pencil, paper, using drawing and graphic tools is shown and justified, and only then to involve modern computer technologies for these purposes. Not the ability to work with a pencil; it is not understood that the use of computer graphics hardware and software at the initial stage leads to the loss of graphic competence of the graduate, and ultimately to a decrease in the competitive ability of specialists.
IMPROVEMENT OF EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY OF COAL DEPOSITS WITH COMPLEX STRUCTURE IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST
Authors: Shemyakin S. A. , Vasiljev D. A.
Published: September 2024

A description is given of the proposed advanced technology of selective coal extraction by layer-by-layer strip mining using surface miners, scrapers and dump trucks in the Russian Far East, which allows to eliminate the downtime of the surface miner when changing dump trucks, to partially reduce the downtime of dump trucks during loading, to increase productivity and thus to obtain a significant income. The economic forecast from the application of the proposed method is presented in comparison with the drilling and blasting mining.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF FRICTION PAIRS OF AN AXIAL PISTON PUMP BASED ON A REFINED DYNAMIC MODEL
Authors: Britsyn S. V. , Ryabinin M. V. , Volosatov A. A.
Published: September 2024

The article presents a method for testing the performance of the main friction pair of an axial piston pump. To describe the force interaction of the parts of a tribological pair, a precise dynamic model has been compiled, which provides a number of classical criteria for the operation of a friction pair under given conditions. The dynamic model used a calculated theoretical indicator diagram, the process of switching working fluids, the type of loaded pump and the force interaction of friction pair parts. Comparative results of calculating the performance of the main friction pairs developed using classical methods and a composite dynamic model are presented.
TO THE ISSUE OF AXIAL FORCE CONTROL IN THREADED JOINTS, MAINLY IN RAIL FASTENINGS TO RAILROAD SLEEPER PADS
Authors: Skripachev I. F. , Klementov A. S. , Skripacheva N. L. , Belous T. V.
Published: September 2024

Method of attaching rails to railway sleeper pads and devices to implement the method refers to the field of mechanization of railway transport and can be used in the assembly, repair and maintenance of railroad track. The purpose of the study is to develop a method of attaching the rail to sleeper pads, which would guarantee the standard rail-to-sleeper pads pressure with minimal variation of its nominal value. The method of applying a vertical load to the nut of the terminal bolt and, therefore, to its stem in two stages makes it possible to apply a vertical force at the first stage that is less than the required and, to start screwing the nut with minimum resistance in the thread and complete absence of end resistance of the nut relative to the spring washer. Applying at the second stage to the nut, and therefore to the terminal bolt, a vertical load corresponding to the required force of pressing the rail to the pad, allows at the beginning of the stage to screw the nut with minimum friction in the thread, and at the end of the stage to stop screwing the nut when the torque corresponding to the applied force is reached, determined, for example, by the increasing current in the current relay. The technical result of the research is to ensure the required standard effort to clamp the rail to the pad with a minimum variation of their value due to a simple and reliable control of the achieved effort by the torque corresponding to it.
PATENT ANALYSIS OF EXOSKELETON MECHANISMS AND WAY TO IMPROVE THEIR COMFORT
Authors: Borisov A. V. , Arshinenko I. A. , Arshinenko A. O. , Konchina L. V. , Novikova ( M. A. , Borisova V. L.
Published: September 2024

The issue of creating robotic anthropomorphic mechanisms called exoskeletons for humans is relevant. The exoskeleton design became practically possible due to technological developments, creating powerful computers, sensors, and detectors, collecting info about human movements, and advances in control theory. Introduction of available achievements in the domain of exoskeleton engineering and design, as well as exoskeleton parts and their control methods, protected by patents, to a general audience is the objective of the article. The research methods are analysis of patents and scientific publications on the topic of exoskeletons, and graphical processing of research results. The result of the conducted research is the survey of the patented exoskeletons available in the scientific world. It has been found that the available exoskeleton models are still not user-friendly enough. Therefore, the authors of the article developed and patented a model of an exoskeleton with variable-length links. The model of practical implementation of variable-length link based on using magneto-rheological fluid and adjusting the link stiffness by applying an external magnetic field has been proposed. The proposed model augments the exoskeleton user experience. It has been found that intense publication growth in scientific journals on researched topics started after 2011. The number of published exoskeleton patents increased almost tenfold in the past ten years by 2021. All these demonstrate significant interest in exoskeletons design.
FEATURES OF THE AUTOMATIC MACHINE LEARNING TOOLS IN THE TASKS OF FRACTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Boldyrev P. A. , Kaskinov I. Z.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the development of an information system for analyzing the mechanisms of metal destruction based on automatic machine learning (AutoML). The theoretical foundations of AutoML are investigated, a number of tasks and AutoML tools suitable for them are presented, and the characteristics of their application in the analysis of fractographic images in the framework of quantitative metallography are given. The principles of creating an information system for analyzing the mechanisms of metal destruction based on AutoML, using modern software development tools and tools, are described. Attention is paid to the collection and preparation of fractographic images for further analysis, as well as the development of machine learning algorithms for automatic analysis and classification of damage characteristics and causes of destruction of metal materials. Various AutoML tools are compared through the prism of the tasks they solve, and the choice of the tool is justified Liner.io as an optimal option in solving problems of automation of fractographic analysis. The practical results of using the most suitable automatic machine learning tool for the analysis of fractographic images Liner.ai are presented, and also an assessment of the prospects of using this tool to solve problems both in metallographic research and in other industries is given. The examples are provided with visualization of the learning results of the neural network model and comparative analysis of the marked-up fractographic image and the prediction result of the neural network model.
SOFTWARE PACKAGE THAT IMPLEMENTS THE FUNCTIONS OF FORMING AN ELECTRONIC ARCHIVE OF THE DEPARTMENTAL CERTIFICATION CENTER
Authors: Onufriev K. N.
Published: September 2024

The article considers an approach to automating the process of forming an electronic archive of the departmental certification center, by developing a software package that will implement poorly automated processes, the daily activities of departments of the departmental certification center. The analysis of research in this and related topics is carried out and emphasis is placed on the fact that domestic software should be used in the departmental certification center, which justifies the significance and relevance of this article. The paper analyzes existing approaches and research in this field, identifies the main classes and functions necessary for successful application in everyday activities. The main tasks of developing a domestic software package that implements the functions of forming an electronic archive of the departmental certification center are substantiated and set. Special attention is paid to the allocation of subprocesses of the formation of the electronic archive of the departmental certification center, which helps to optimize the operating time of the electronic archive system of the certification center. Processes are structured and highlighted, those in which the share of manual labor is a significant part. The problem is formulated, assumptions and limitations are introduced, which allows us to consider the task of forming an electronic archive of the departmental certification center using the mathematical apparatus of dynamic programming. A multi-user system that does not require special skills has been implemented, with a graphical interface and support for decision-making by the operator issuing the electronic signature. The article presents the main entities that were highlighted during the development of the software package, as well as its screen forms.
IMPROVING THE PROCESSES OF ENSURING THE AIRWORTHINESS OF AIRCRAFT BY CREATING A HIGH-SPEED HETEROGENEOUS INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Buryak Yu. I. , Nikonov Yu. Yu.
Published: September 2024

The problem of forming the appearance of a high-speed heterogeneous information system for monitoring airworthiness during the operation of aviation equipment is considered. A mixed-integer model has been formed for forming the optimal data transmission path for verifying the authenticity of airway components, where integer variables determine the set of external systems from where and where data is transmitted, a set of data warehouses and connections between them, and continuous variables – characteristics of data transfer rates by web services and bandwidth of data transmission channels. The criterion for choosing the optimal solution is proposed – the time of data transfer between external data source systems and external data consumer systems, taking into account data warehouses. An algorithm for optimizing the structure and parameters of a heterogeneous information system has been developed, which ensures the organization of information interaction between heterogeneous data sources/consumers in a minimum time. It is shown that the problem under consideration relates to difficult combinatorial optimization problems, that is, there is no polynomial algorithm for solving it in a reasonable time. However, taking into account the specifics of the task, in some cases, allows you to build calculation schemes that provide sufficient accuracy of the solution and an acceptable time. After conducting a brief analysis of possible solutions, including Dijkstra, Johnson, Floyd – Warshall, the authors implemented computational procedures based on the Bellman – Ford method, the main advantages of which are the possibility of obtaining an accurate solution, no restrictions when working with negative edges of the network graph, low value of the algorithm execution time. The results of calculations are presented and the possibility of reducing the data transfer time by 20,2 % is shown by choosing the optimal connections between data sources and consumers, taking into account the data formats of the sources used and the compatibility of web services providing their processing.
ABDALAMEER. DEVELOPMENT OF AUTONOMOUS MOBILE ROBOTS CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: Al-Khafaji Israa M.
Published: September 2024

The development of an efficient control system for mobile autonomous robots is explored. It delineates key stages in this process, starting with the necessity of precise trajectory planning followed by the creation of a mathematical model for controlling the robotic device. Subsequently, the implementation of navigation algorithms in the management system is emphasized. The importance of conducting comprehensive error analysis to address discrepancies during robot movement is underscored. Post the primary phase of control system creation, evaluating the cost-effectiveness and ensuring workplace safety are deemed crucial management steps. Localization emerges as a pivotal factor enabling the robot's effective autonomous movement relative to its target position. This, in turn, aids in orienting the robot within its external environment. Spatial information acquisition is underscored through the significance of traffic planning, cartography and specialized robotics sensors. Furthermore, the article delves into proprioceptive sensors, detailing their components, such as optical and electrical conductor sensors operating via the Hall effect discovered in 1879. It provides a formula to accurately ascertain conductivity state, involving parameters like hole and electron concentration, electron and hole mobility and elementary charge. In essence, the control system parallels the human brain, requiring a recognition system, action planning and execution functions. Navigation is identified as a critical element facilitating the robot's movement in three-dimensional space. The article integrates technical intricacies about proprioceptive sensors, highlighting their pivotal role within robot control systems.
Anton Vavrinec Ottmayer – administrácia, advokácia, správa a vzdelávanie
Authors: Halász Ivan
Published: September 2024

The study deals with an important Slovak lawyer, university lecturer and writer Anton Vavrinec Ottmayer who lived and worked in the capital of the Hungarian Kingdom for the first two thirds of the 19th century. The paper deals mainly with the lesser-known aspects of his career, in particular his scientific career within the Faculty of Law, where he was Dean for two years (1832–1834). He lectured on statistics, mining law and also published on the law of substitution. His literary works were written in Slovak, his professional legal works in Latin and German. In addition, he worked as an attorney and agent (lawyer) at the military court. In 1849 he was accused of insulting the majesty by the Austrian authorities, he was convicted and spent one year in prison. This put an end to his previous university career and he therefore started his own business. His aim was to build a waterworks in Pest. His activities were not always successful, he lost his house at auction and tax lawsuits were also brought against him. To this day, it is not entirely clear exactly when he died. Ottmayer’s life well documents the developments of Hungarian capital, the existential dilemmas, professional and political challenges for lawyers at the time. It also documents the university world and the professional issues that resonated in the professional press of the first half of the 19th century.
Inmate Assistance Programs
Authors: Friehe Tim , Mungan Murat C.
Published: September 2024

This paper analyzes the deterrence implications of different inmate assistance programs (IAPs), carefully distinguishing between deterrence of first offenses and recidivism. All IAPs considered in our model reduce recidivism, and we identify IAPs that also reduce the first offense rate. However, IAPs which increase work opportunities, improve the reintegration of exiting inmates, and moderate individual’s self-control issues may lower the deterrence of first offenses, if this possibility is not adequately anticipated when designing these IAPs.
Impact of Financial Stress on Academic Performance of University Students in South East Nigeria
Authors: Ogbuagu Anuli R. , Ohalete Precious I. , Nwaoga Chinyere T. , Uroko Favour C. , Onyeanuna Ahamba Kenneth
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine how financial stress affects academic performance among university students in South East Nigeria. By using descriptive statistics and the Chi-Square model, we examined the relationship between financial stress and academic outcomes among 250 participants from five South Eastern universities. Several key factors contributing to financial stress were examined such as students’ monthly income, medical bills cost, ability to save, academic materials cost, student borrowing levels, and cost of feeding. The findings indicate that students’ monthly income and the cost of medical bills are the key determinants of financial stress among students. Based on the second objective, the study revealed that inability to pay bills as student, the inability to purchase required academic materials (books, course packs, supplies) due to their high costs, difficulties in paying school fees, and work schedules are the most significant factors that contribute to financial stress which negatively affect academic performance for students. Therefore, we recommend that government should enhance its financial assistance programs to alleviate financial stress among university students as this will improve their academic performance. Also, Collaboration with external stakeholders, can further enhance the resources available to students in need. Finally, this study illustrates the detrimental effects of financial stress on academic performance among university students in southeast Nigeria and should be interpreted with caution as its limited to South-East Nigeria.
Signal Detection Theoretic Estimates of the Murine Absolute Visual Threshold Are Independent of Decision Bias
Authors: LaMagna Sam , Umino Yumiko , Solessio Eduardo
Published: September 2024

Decision bias influences estimates of the absolute visual threshold. However, most psychophysical estimates of the murine absolute visual threshold have not taken bias into account. Here we developed a one-alternative forced choice (1AFC) assay to assess the decision bias of mice at the absolute visual threshold via the theory of signal detection and compared our approach with the more conventional high-threshold theoretic approach. In the 1AFC assay, mice of both sexes were trained to signal whether they detected a flash stimulus. We directly measured both hit and false alarm rates, which were used to estimated′. Using the theory of signal detection, we obtained absolute thresholds by interpolating the intensity whered′ = 1 fromd′-psychometric functions. This gave bias-independent estimates of the absolute visual threshold which ranged over sixfold, averaging ∼1 R* in 1,000 rods (n = 7 mice). To obtain high-threshold theoretic estimates of the absolute visual threshold from the same mice, we estimated threshold intensities from the frequency of seeing curves, corrected for guessing. This gave us thresholds that were strongly correlated with decision bias, ranging over 13-fold and averaged ∼1 R* in 2,500 rods. We conclude that the theory of signal detection uses false alarms to overcome decision bias and narrow the range of threshold estimates in mice, providing a powerful tool for understanding detection behavior near absolute visual threshold.
Sense of Agency during Encoding Predicts Subjective Reliving
Authors: Meyer Nathalie Heidi , Gauthier Baptiste , Potheegadoo Jevita , Boscheron Juliette , Franc Elizabeth , Lance Florian , Blanke Olaf
Published: September 2024

Autonoetic consciousness (ANC), the ability to re-experience personal past events links episodic memory and self-consciousness by bridging awareness of oneself in a past event (i.e., during its encoding) with awareness of oneself in the present (i.e., during the reliving of a past event). Recent neuroscience research revealed a bodily form of self-consciousness, including the sense of agency (SoA) and the sense of body ownership (SoO) that are based on the integration of multisensory bodily inputs and motor signals. However, the relation between SoA and/or SoO with ANC is not known. Here, we used immersive virtual reality technology and motion tracking and investigated the potential association of SoA/SoO with ANC. For this, we exposed participants to different levels of visuomotor and perspectival congruency, known to modulate SoA and SoO, during the encoding of virtual scenes and collected ANC ratings 1 week after the encoding session. In a total of 74 healthy participants, we successfully induced systematic changes in SoA and SoO during encoding and found that ANC depended on the level of SoA experienced during encoding. Moreover, ANC was positively associated with SoA, but only for the scene encoded with preserved visuomotor and perspectival congruency, and such SoA–ANC coupling was absent for SoO and control questions. Collectively, these data provide behavioral evidence in a novel paradigm that links a key subjective component of bodily self-consciousness during encoding, SoA, to the subjective reliving of those encoded events from one's past, ANC.
25 lat działalności Katedry Teologii Prawosławnej Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Authors:   Katedra Teologii Prawosławnej, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Polska, Misijuk Włodzimierz
Published: September 2024

The twenty-fifth anniversary of the Chair of Orthodox Theology at the University of Białystok (KTP) prompts not only memories of its inauguration, but also deeper reflection on its mission. In his inaugural speech Metropolitan Sawa (Hrycuniak), the founder and head of the Chair, clearly pointed to the history of Orthodox theological studies in Poland, emphasized the role of the Faculty of Orthodox Theology at the University of Warsaw, which operated in the years 1924-1939, and the need to continue its work. Formally and in many other respects, it was ensured by the Section of Orthodox Theology of the Christian Theological Academy in Warsaw, established after World War II, but there are many arguments in favor of ascribing the continuity to the activity of the Faculty also at the Chair of Orthodox Theology of the University of Białystok. The article contains a broad overview of various areas of activity of the KTP, prepared on the basis of annual reports on the Chair’s activities, as well as materials available in it's archives. The scope and diversity of individual spheres of activity suggest that the Chair’s activities to date are not only a continuation, but also a significant development of the work initiated by the Faculty of Orthodox Theology at the University of Warsaw.