bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A láthatatlan ember
Authors: Nagy Ádám , Szabó Beáta
Published: July 2016

Szöllősy Éva (2015): A férfiak és a nők képe modern értelmező szótárainkban. ELTE Eötvös Kiadó – Takács Etel Pedagógiai Alapítvány (TEPA), Budapest.
Szilasi Judit (2015): A visszailleszkedési kultúrsokk generálta akcidentális krízisek a jelenkori Magyarországon. ELTE Eötvös Kiadó – Takács Etel Pedagógiai Alapítvány (TEPA), Budapest.
A fiatalok XXI. századi kultúrája
Authors: Dóra László
Published: July 2016

Sanford, K., Rogers, T. and Kendrick, M. (eds., 2014): Everyday Youth Literacies. Springer, Singapore.
Investigating the management of unaccounted for water for Lilongwe Water Board, Malawi
Authors: Harawa Michael M. , Hoko Zvikomborero , Misi Shepherd , Maliano Sinos
Published: July 2016

Lilongwe Water Board (LWB) is currently unable to meet Lilongwe City's water demand as evidenced by low supply coverage (65%) and intermittent water supply in the city. One of the major challenges is high levels of unaccounted for water (UFW) reported at 37% (2012), higher than the recommended 23% for developing countries. This study, done in Lilongwe City (Areas 15, 18 and 28), investigated water losses and partitioned UFW into real and apparent losses. Data collection involved data logging for pressures and flows at selected points in the network, meter testing, and water audits. This study estimated an average UFW of 37.5% for Lilongwe City and 33%, 44% and 20%, respectively, in the specific study areas (Areas 15, 18 and 28). The UFW in Lilongwe City was higher than recommended and was also higher than recommended in Areas 15 and 18 but within the acceptable limit for Area 28. High UFW levels in Areas 15 and 18 were mainly driven by real losses. The LWB should consider partitioning of its UFW to establish the main drivers, implement active leak detection programme and active pressure management in areas with high pressures.
Three-phase approach to improve deep groundwater supply availability in the Elidar district of Afar region of Ethiopia
Authors: Godfrey S. , Hailemichael G.
Published: July 2016

This study provides new evidence on the effectiveness of a combined remote sensing and hydrogeological investigation method for deep groundwater development in complex geologic and geomorphologic situations in Ethiopia. The study was undertaken in the Elidar district of the Afar region of Northern Ethiopia. Due to the water availability and vegetation in this district, the majority of the population (total population of 79,000 people and 647,000 head of cattle) are dependent on pastoralist livelihoods. The current ratio of available water supply facilities to number of beneficiaries is 1:2,323 people and 1:19,029 head of cattle. A joint UNICEF-UNESCO groundwater investigation pilot project with the objective of improving drilling success rates in the Elidar district considered a three-phase approach. In phase 1 and 2, an overlay method was developed that combined data from radar, optical remote sensing and ground measurement (geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, hydro-meteorology, and geophysics). The overlay model identified the most promising site to undertake well drilling, considering a probability of drilling wells with sufficient amount of water and permissible water quality (defined as Q = >2 L/s and EC < 2,000 μms/cm²). In phase 3, three production boreholes were drilled and the results showed a 92% accuracy against the overlay model.
Domestic wastewater treatment with a decentralized, simple technology biomass concentrator reactor
Authors: Capodaglio Andrea G. , Callegari Arianna
Published: July 2016

A new type of membrane-like aerobic reactor initially designed for the degradation of hydrocarbon-derived groundwater contaminants was tested for treating domestic wastewater. The biomass concentrator reactor (BCR) consists of an enclosed, aerated tank containing a graded filtration medium with the function of solids separation, and was previously used to treat industrial wastewaters containing refractory substances, with good results. It is a small-footprint reactor that could be operated in remote areas with no long-range sewage connections, with few appropriate controls and little monitoring instrumentation. The BCR was run for 90 days in pilot conditions with domestic wastewater feed. Results of the application are illustrated in the paper.
Sustainability evaluation of a primary school rainwater demonstration project in Tanzania
Authors: Mwamila Tulinave Burton , Han Moo Young , Kum Soyoon
Published: July 2016

Water shortages are widely prevalent in developing countries, affecting lives of people including schoolchildren, who miss classes while fetching water for daily use. A typical case was that of Mnyundo Primary School in Tanzania, East Africa. A rainwater harvesting (RWH) system was then constructed because of easy adaptability of the technology. The purpose of this study is sustainability evaluation. The evaluation considered construction details, level of water supply service, potential for sustainability and replication. Coarse screen, first flush tank, and sedimentation tank were included for maintaining drinkable water quality through particle load reduction. The water level gauge incorporated enables easy monitoring of water usage, while the provided training and operational manual are a practical guide on system management for the users. Local labor, material and techniques used, are recommended for capacity building, sense of ownership, and cost reduction. Companies’ involvement is encouraged by providing financial support to the schools as their corporate social responsibility. RWH is thus suggested as a sustainable alternative for drinking water supply.
Low risk for helminth infection in wastewater-fed rice cultivation in Vietnam
Authors: Trang Do Thuy , van der Hoek Wim , Cam Phung Dac , Vinh Khuong Thanh , Van Hoa Nguyen , Dalsgaard Anders
Published: July 2016

This study was done to assess the risk of helminth infection in association with wastewater-fed rice cultivation in an agricultural setting of Nam Dinh city, Vietnam. In a cross sectional survey data were collected for 202 households in a commune where wastewater was used for irrigation and for 201 households in a commune that used river water. Parasitological examination was conducted on single stool samples obtained from 1,088 individuals aged ≥15 years from the households. The irrigation water used in both communes was enumerated for helminth eggs and thermotolerant coliforms. The prevalence of infection with Ascaris spp., Trichuris spp., and hookworm was 42.2%, 19.9% and 10.5% respectively, with an overall prevalence of infection with any helminth of 53.4%. Surprisingly, the prevalence of infection with Ascaris and Trichuris was lower among people exposed to wastewater (containing 40–200 helminth eggs/l and 104 thermotolerant coliforms/100 ml) compared to people exposed to river water that contained lower worm egg and bacterial numbers. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices and not using protective measures were important independent risk factors for helminth infection. For hookworm infection, no significant difference was observed between the wastewater exposed and unexposed groups. Children living in the wastewater use area had a significantly better nutritional status than those in the area using river water. This suggests a generally higher welfare level of the wastewater use area. In conclusion, this study showed no evidence that rice cultivation with wastewater poses a risk for helminth infection. More detailed studies are needed on the reduction of fecal indicators and helminth eggs in peri-urban wastewater-irrigated rice culture systems and on the relative importance of wastewater irrigation compared to other risk factors for human helminth infection such as poor sanitation and poverty.
The health effects of flooding: social research results from England and Wales
Authors: Tunstall Sylvia , Tapsell Sue , Green Colin , Floyd Peter , George Carolyn
Published: July 2016

This paper presents interview survey data by social scientists using established health measures on the health effects of flooding for residents in 30 locations in England and Wales. Firstly, it examines the extent to which flooded residents reported suffering physical and psychological health effects during and after the event. Secondly, it explores the issue of whether these effects were long-lasting by comparisons with the general population and with those at risk but not flooded. In the study, about two thirds of the flood victims were found to have scores on the General Health Questionnaire-12 scale indicative of mental health problems (scores of 4+) at their worst time after flooding. The evidence of the study also suggests that some flood victims suffered long term mental health effects as a result of their experience of flooding. The study examines the influence of a wide range of factors: characteristics of the flood event, types of property, and socio-demographic and the intervening factors such as the extent of family or community support that may explain the health effects of flooding. It finds that a complex set of social and other factors are involved and that some factors susceptible to human intervention such as having adequate flood insurance cover are important factors in the stress experienced by flood victims.
Microbial quality and suitability of roof-harvested rainwater in rural villages for crop irrigation and domestic use
Authors: Jongman Mosimanegape , Korsten Lise
Published: July 2016

The study aimed at assessing the microbiological quality and suitability of roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) for crop irrigation and domestic use. In total, 80 rainwater tanks (246 samples) across three rural villages (Ga-Molepane, Jericho and Luthngele) were visited. Culture-based techniques were used to isolate bacterial microbes and identities were confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF-MS). Uncultured fungal populations were also identified using pyrosequencing. Salmonella spp. (3%), Listeria monocytogenes (22%), total coliforms (57.7%), Escherichia coli (30.5%), Enterococcus spp. (48.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (21.5%) were detected in RHRW samples after rainfall. Fungal sequences belonging to species known to cause fever, coughing and shortness of breath in humans (Cryptococcus spp.) were identified. This study indicates that RHRW quality can be affected by external factors such as faecal material and debris on rooftops. The use of untreated RHRW could pose a potential health risk if used for irrigation of crops or domestic use, especially in the case of a relative high population of immunocompromised individuals. This study does not dispute the fact that RHRW is an alternative irrigation water source but it recommends treatment before use for domestic purposes or for watering crops.
Aluminum–cerium double-metal impregnated activated carbon: a novel composite for fluoride removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Kalidindi Shreeya , Vecha Mounica , Kar Arkamitra , Raychoudhury Trishikhi
Published: July 2016

Several studies have focused on the application of layered double hydroxide or nanoparticle based adsorbent for removing fluoride. The objectives of this study are to impregnate aluminum (Al) and cerium (Ce) within the pore spaces of activated carbon (AC) for removal of fluoride from water and to evaluate the partitioning behavior of fluoride by the double-metal-AC composite. To achieve the objectives, combined oxides/hydroxides of Al and Ce were impregnated within the pore spaces of AC under varying pH, metal concentration, and synthesis temperature. The fluoride removal by different composite was evaluated, and the best performing composite was selected for equilibrium sorption experiments and kinetic tests. The effect of pH on fluoride removal was assessed. Overall it was observed that impregnation of a small amount of metal (0.05 mol/L Al-Ce) can enhance the fluoride removal efficiency, compared to unmodified AC. Sorption of the best performing composite follows the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum fluoride sorption capacity was estimated as 3.05 mg F−/g of composite. The rate of sorption by the selected composite is reasonably fast (3.6/h). Furthermore, within a wide range of pH (5–10), removal of fluoride was observed to be consistent.
Attitudes Towards Traffic Safety Worldwide
Authors: Sucha Matus , Viktorova Lucie , Risser Ralf
Published: July 2016

Background:

There is agreement that road user behaviour is the most important contributing factor for traffic accidents. It is therefore essential to understand better the causes of accidents and design remedies that can efficiently treat them. The fatality rate per 10,000 people is about 30 times higher in developing countries than in high-income countries These differences, beside other factors, can be explained in terms of different traffic safety cultures.

Objective:

The general mission of this work was to contribute to traffic safety by gaining an understanding of the differences in traffic culture in countries worldwide. Furthermore, we sought to explore and understand the needs and beliefs concerning traffic safety in different countries worldwide and the implications for the objective traffic safety situation (Traffic Safety Index – TSI) and for the stage of the economic development of the country (Gross Domestic Product – GDP).

Methods:

A simple questionnaire with three questions focused on beliefs and opinions about traffic safety was used. Altogether, 142 respondents from 36 countries filled in the questionnaire. The data was analysed using both statistical methods and qualitative analysis of the responses.

Results:

The results indicated major differences in the traffic safety cultures embraced by different countries. In general, two approaches to traffic safety culture can be identified. In the first case, traffic safety culture is viewed as an objective reality which the respondents conceive of as leading to greater safety. The second case involves the emphasis being placed particularly on the elimination of a threat to life and health.

Conclusion:

People from countries with a poorer traffic safety record tend to underline the importance of traffic safety. No evidence of a relationship between the economic performance of the country (GDP), the traffic safety culture standard, and the Traffic Safety Index was found. Finally, the implications of the results for practice are discussed with a view to the practical implementation of measures to improve traffic safety.
Prevalence of Supernumerary Teeth in a Nigerian Population
Authors: Anibor Ese , Mabiaku Yvonne , Inikoro Charity
Published: July 2016

IntroductionSupernumerary teeth are those which appear in addition to the regular number of teeth. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of supernumerary teeth in the Nigerian population.Materials and MethodsThe multi-stage sampling technique was employed in this cross sectional study. Intra – oral examination of 1004 students of Delta State University, Abraka was conducted between May and June 2015. The oral examination involved 579 males and 425 females. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20). The difference in the prevalence of supranumerary teeth between the two gender was determined with the chi-square test (p < 0.05 was considered significant).ResultsOne hundred and twenty- seven supernumerary teeth were recorded in this study (prevalence of supernumerary teeth was 12.70%). Supernumerary teeth were located mostly in the mandibular region (84.00%), compared to the maxillary region and commonly around the incisor teeth. It was observed that 58 supranumerary teeth were between 2 central incisors, 64 in the lateral incisor region and 5 in the premolar and molar region. The ratio of males to females with supernumeraries was found to be 1.4:1 (p > 0.05).Conclusion This study showed a higher prevalence of supernumeraries than previously reported. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was more in males than their female counterparts.
EFFECT OF LEAD NITRATE ON THE TESTIS OF ADULT WISTAR RATS AT DIFFERENT DOSAGE
Authors: EHIMIGBAI Richard Agbonluai
Published: July 2016

Introduction The aim of this study was aimed at evaluating the effects of lead nitrate on adult wistar rats.Methodology A total of 32 adult wistar rats weighing between 200 and 240g were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats per group. The control groups (group A) were placed on normal diet, while Group B rats received 35mg/ kg body weight / day of lead nitrate via orogastric tube. Group C rats received 45mg / kg body weight/ day of lead nitrate via orogastric tube. Group D rats received 50 mg/ kg body weight/ day of lead nitrate via orogastric tube and all the dosage were given for 40 days.Results The results in group A, B, C and D showed normal histologic testicular architecture as evidenced by normal seminiferous tubules and interstitial spaces in figure 1, 2, 3 and 4.Conclusion It was concluded that lead nitrate at 35mg/kg, 45mg/kg and 50mg/kg body weight/day was not toxic to the testis of an adult Wistar rats.
Spatial and Temporal Clustering of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease
Authors: Canney Mark , O’Hara Paul V. , McEvoy Caitriona M. , Medani Samar , Connaughton Dervla M. , Abdalla Ahad A. , Doyle Ross , Stack Austin G. , O’Seaghdha Conall M. , Clarkson Michael R. , Griffin Matthew D. , Holian John , Dorman Anthony M. , Niland Aileen , Keogan Mary , Wallace Eleanor M. , Conlon Niall P. , Walsh Cathal , Kelly Alan , Little Mark A.
Published: July 2016

Background and objectives

An environmental trigger has been proposed as an inciting factor in the development of anti-GBM disease. This multicenter, observational study sought to define the national incidence of anti-GBM disease during an 11-year period (2003–2014) in Ireland, investigate clustering of cases in time and space, and assess the effect of spatial variability in incidence on outcome.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We ascertained cases by screening immunology laboratories for instances of positivity for anti-GBM antibody and the national renal histopathology registry for biopsy-proven cases. The population at risk was defined from national census data. We used a variable-window scan statistic to detect temporal clustering. A Bayesian spatial model was used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for each of the 26 counties.

Results

Seventy-nine cases were included. National incidence was 1.64 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.82 to 3.35) per million population per year. A temporal cluster (n=10) was identified during a 3-month period; six cases were resident in four rural counties in the southeast. Spatial analysis revealed wide regional variation in SIRs and a cluster (n=7) in the northwest (SIR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.02 to 3.06). There were 29 deaths and 57 cases of ESRD during a mean follow-up of 2.9 years. Greater distance from diagnosis site to treating center, stratified by median distance traveled, did not significantly affect patient (hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% CI, 0.87 to 3.77) or renal (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.13) survival.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first study to report national incidence rates of anti-GBM disease and formally investigate patterns of incidence. Clustering of cases in time and space supports the hypothesis of an environmental trigger for disease onset. The substantial variability in regional incidence highlights the need for comprehensive country-wide studies to improve our understanding of the etiology of anti-GBM disease.
Comparison of the mineralogy and microstructure of EAF stainless steel slags with reference to the cooling treatment
Authors: Loncnar M. , Mladenovic A. , Zupancic M. , Bukovec P.
Published: July 2016

TIn the present study the differences in the mineralogical composition and
microstructure of various types of EAF stainless steel (EAF S) slag with
regard to the cooling path, the operation practice in an EAF (electric arc
furnace) and environmental ageing reactions were evaluated. It was shown that
the mineralogy of the investigated EAF S slags varied from one slag to
another, depending on the quality of the produced stainless steel. The
production process of the treated steel also has a strong influence on the
mineralogy of the slags. The conditions during water cooling were not
sufficient to prevent the crystallization of primary mineral phases, which
occurs predominantly in air-cooled EAF S slags, probably due to the high
basicity of the investigated slags. However, the water cooling of hot slag
leads to the absence of ?-CaSiO4 and the formation of secondary mineral
phases predominantly calcite, portlandite, ettringite, calcium aluminate
hydrate and calcium silicate hydrate. It has been shown that during the
environmental ageing test (down-flow column test) secondary mineral phases
were formed, which were the same as those formed during the water cooling of
slags.
Phase relationships in the Al-rich region of the Al-Y-Zr system
Authors: Bao X. , Liu L. , Huang S. , Jiang Y. , Wang X. , Zhang L.
Published: July 2016

The phase relations in the Al-Y-Zr ternary system at 873 K have been
investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in
backscattered electron imaging (BSE) modes. Six three-phase equilibria are
determined and no ternary compound is observed. In the meantime, first
principle calculations are used to provide theoretical guidance to understand
the experimental results.
Anatomical and functional factors influencing the results of scleral buckling procedure for macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachments
Authors: Kovacevic Igor , Radosavljevic Aleksandra , Stefanovic Ivan , Radovic Bojana , Karadzic Jelena , Kovacevic-Pavicevic Dragana , Djurkovic-Djakovic Olgica
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is a potentially blinding condition of the posterior segment of the eye. Currently, the only treatment modality is surgery and surgical options include scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy and pneumoretinopexy. Many factors may influence the outcome of the surgery. Well defined indications are essential for achieving the best postoperative results. The aim of this study was to assess anatomical and functional outcome of treatment with scleral buckling for macula- off rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Methods. This prospective, nonrandomized, interventional study included consecutive patients underwent scleral buckling for macula-off retinal detachment in the tertiary centre for vitreoretinal surgery. Results. A total of 168 consecutive patients (mean age 58.2 ? 13.9 years) were included in the study. Postoperatively, anatomical success was achieved in 152 (90.5%) of the patients. Parameters that influenced the anatomical success included the number of retinal breaks (p = 0.040), lens status (p = 0.041), preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy (p < 0.001), patients? age (p = 0.049), and marginally, the presence of typical symptoms (p = 0.057). Duration of macular detachment, previous ocular trauma and refraction of the eye did not affect the anatomical result. Functional success was evaluated using the postoperative visual acuity and depended mainly on the duration of macular detachment prior the surgery. Visual acuity 0.4 or better was significantly more often achieved if duration of macular detachment was up to seven days (p < 0.001). Refraction and patients? age did not influence the functional result. Conclusion. Scleral buckling is an efficient surgical procedure for treatment of patients with retinal detachment. Optimal results are achieved if operation is performed within the first seven days of duration of macular detachment.
Most common bacterial agents in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kolarov Violeta , Zvezdin Biljana , Djuric Mirna , Hadnadjev Mirjana , Hromis Sanja , Nikoletic Katarina , Trivic Bojana
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim. Infection is the major cause of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The aim of the study was to establish the most common bacterial agents of AE-COPD in patients hospitalized in a tertiary medical care institution. Methods. This retrospective study included the patients hospitalized due to infective AE-COPD in the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica in a 12-month period. We evaluated clinical data, spirometry, pathogen etiology in the patients with positive sputum findings and disease outcome. Results. The study included a total of 81 patients, 47 (58.02%) males and 34 (41.97%) females of the mean age of 65.7 years. The mean history of the disease was 14.5 years. The median forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 30.12%. The most common isolated pathogens was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 36; 38.29%), followed by Haemophilus influenzae (n = 25; 26.59%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 16; 17.02%). Coinfections were present in 9 (9.57%) of the patients. The median FEV1 values of 28.67%, 37.23%, and 42.26% were registered in the patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenza, and Streptococcus pneumonia induced infection, respectively. The case fatality rate (CFR) was 6.2%. Of the deceased, 100% had Pseudomonas aeruginosa- induced infection. A statistically significant difference in FEV1 values was registered between the patients with and without Pseudomonas aeruginosa in their sputum finding (p = 0.016). Conclusion. The most common pathogens in patients with AE-COPD were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumonia. The CFR was 6.2%. All (100%) deceased patients had the infection induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Modified technique of the treatment for proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation
Authors: Gvozdenovic Nemanja , Gvozdenovic Katarina , Obradovic Mirko , Stankovic Milan
Published: July 2016

Introduction. Dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) is a rare injury. The diagnosis requires an accurate history of the mechanism and symptoms of the injury, and adequate clinical and radiographic evaluation of both knees. In the literature there is no larger series, only several cases of PTFJ dislocation treated by different methods have been published so far. The aim of the study was to present a modified technique for the treatment of the unstable PTFJ that results in faster recovery of the patient. Case report. A 24-year-old football player was injured at the beginning of training; when tackling the ball he felt a sharp pain in his right knee. He was immediately brought to the Emergency Center of Vojvodina and diagnosed with anterolateral dislocation of the PTFJ. Close reduction in general anesthesia was tried but we failed and then open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) were performed with a single three cortical screw. We preferred not to immobilise the knee after the procedure and immediately employed passive and active exercises in the knee, without bearing weight to the injured leg. After 6 weeks we removed the screw and gave full weight support to the leg and continued physical treatment. Conclusion. In case of acute PTFJ dislocation, the first method of choice is closed reduction in sedation or general anesthesia. If closed reduction fails, ORIF must be performed. ORIF without immobilization and early start of physical therapy lead to the rapid return to sports activities
Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in combination with irinotecan and capecitabine in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal carcer
Authors: Jungic Sasa , Tubic Biljana , Gajanin Radoslav , Gojkovic Zdenka , Rakita Ivanka
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim. The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab (BEV) in combination with capecitabin and irinotecan in first-line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) were studied. In order to improve safety and efficacy of chemotherapy, as well as to reduce adverse reactions to a minimum, doses of active agents applied were changed in relation to previously employed schedules. Methods. Patients with histologically documented mCRC with no previously received chemotherapy or with received adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which ended 6 months before capecitabin treatment (1000 mg/m2 per os from the 2nd to 8th day of each cycle), irinotecan (175 mg/m2 iv every 2 weeks), plus bevacizumab (5 mg/kg iv every 2 weeks) were observed. Results. This prospective study included 35 patients of both sexes. The overall response rate (ORR) of 28.6%, partial response (PR) of 28.6%, progressive disease (PD) of 28.6% and stable disease (SD) of 42.8% were found. The progressionfree survival (PFS) of the analyzed patients was 11.3 (95% CL: 9.1?12.9) months while overall survival (OS) of the included patients was 25.2 (95% CL: 17.4?28.4) months and 117 adverse effects were recorded in 24 patients. Alopecia, nausea and vomiting, hemorrhage, hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, abdominal pain, proteinuria, and hypertension (51.4%, 37.1%, 37.1%, 25.7%, 22.8%, 20.0%, 20.0% and 17.1%, respectively) were most frequently observed adverse effects. Conclusion. The results of this clinical trial support and recommend the use of bevacizumab plus capecitabin and irinotecan in the doses and schedule applied throughout this study as the first-line treatment of mCRC patients.
Artificial intelligence in clinical medicine and dentistry
Authors: Miladinovic Milan , Mihailovic Branko , Mladenovic Dragan , Duka Milos , Zivkovic Dusan , Mladenovic Sanja , Subaric Ljiljana
Published: July 2016

nema
Burkitt lymphoma as a cause of intussusceptions: The significance of positron emission tomography scan in the follow-up
Authors: Radovanovic Zoran , Slavkovic Andjelka , Marjanovic Zoran , Zivanovic Dragoljub , Djordjevic Ivona
Published: July 2016

Introduction. Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a high-grade, highrisk type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by a very rapid cell progression. Although BL is a rare cause of intussusceptions, it must arouse suspicion if the intussusception occurs outside the characteristic peak. Case report. A previously healthy 7-year-old boy was hospitalized for recurrent abdominal pain, loss of appetite and body weight, a fever of up to 38?C, persistent vomiting and with soft tumefaction ileocecally. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed intussusceptions due to a tumor mass, which was followed by a surgical procedure (right hemicolectomy and terminoterminal anastomosis). Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of primary abdominal Burkitt lymphoma. In spite of the subsequent oncologic treatment lasting for four months, an undifferentiated mass was detected in the retroperitoneal space below the lower pole of the right kidney. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan was performed in order to detect the metabolic activity of the deposit in the retroperitoneal space. A high metabolic activity of Burkitt lymphoma confirmed its presence, as well as the need for additional surgical intervention for tumor extirpation. PET scan undoubtedly contributed to distinguishing the visibility of tumor cells and to the detection of the subcentimeter tumor mass. Conclusion. The timely diagnosis, high tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy as well as the great importance of PET scan in the early detection of tumor recurrence, significantly increase the survival rate in patients with BL.
Disordered eating and sexual insecurities in young women
Authors: Dunkley Cara R. , Gorzalka Boris B. , Brotto Lori A.
Published: July 2016

There has long been a proposed clinical link between sexuality and eating disorders; however, little empirical evidence exists regarding this relationship. The limited body of research on sexuality in eating disorders supports the occurrence of considerable sexual concerns. The aim of the present study was to expand on the dearth of empirical literature exploring altered sexuality in relation to disordered eating. This research examines disordered eating in relation to sexual insecurities. Undergraduate female UBC students (n=789) completed a series of online questionnaires assessing sexual insecurities and eating habits. Several domains of sexual insecurities were associated with disordered eating symptom severity. Mean differences in sexual self-efficacy, as well as body- and performance-based cognitive distractions during sexual activity emerged among women categorized as being at elevated, typical, or low eating disorder risk, with those at greater risk reporting greater sexual difficulties. Sexuality is rarely considered in the context of eating disorder treatment unless a history of sexual abuse is present. The results of this study suggest that sexual insecurities should be addressed during eating disorder care.
Borderline personality disorder traits and sexuality: Bridging a gap in the literature
Authors: Northey Lynnaea , Dunkley Cara R. , Klonsky E. David , Gorzalka Boris B.
Published: July 2016

Extant research connecting borderline personality disorder (BPD) to sexuality is sparse. The current study aimed to expand the limited body of research on borderline personality traits and human sexuality, and to shed light on the personality features that contribute specifically to sexual sensation seeking, sexual compulsivity, and sexual risk-taking behaviours. Undergraduate students (n=955) completed an online questionnaire containing scales assessing BPD symptoms (affective instability, identity disturbance, negative relationships, and self-harm), sexual sensation seeking, sexual compulsivity, and sexual risk-taking. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted and revealed no significant gender X symptom interaction predictors. Results did indicate links between specific BPD symptoms and specific sexuality variables. Total sexual compulsivity and compulsive sexual control behaviours were positively predicted by all four BPD symptoms, whereas compulsive sexual violence was predicted by all symptoms except for identity disturbance. Sexual sensation seeking was positively predicted by negative relationships and self-harm. Sexual risk taking was not significantly predicted by any BPD symptoms. These findings improve our understanding of how individuals with borderline personality traits experience romantic and sexual relationships, and may inform the future development of therapeutic interventions.
Economic Insecurity and the Weight Gain of Canadian Adults: A Natural Experiment Approach
Authors: Watson Barry , Osberg Lars , Phipps Shelley
Published: July 2016

Using four cycles of longitudinal National Population Health Survey (NPHS) data from 1994 to 2001, we examine whether increasing economic insecurity causes weight gain and obesity. In July 1996, Bill C-12 reduced Canadian unemployment insurance benefits considerably, arguably increasing the economic insecurity of Canadians exposed to unemployment risk. Using a difference-in-difference methodology, this paper compares the change in weight gain of adults 25 to 64 before and after this policy shift. For poorly educated males, the onset of unemployment in the post-policy change era is predicted to increase their body mass index (BMI) by 3.2 points.
Allocation of Rehabilitation Services for Older Adults in the Ontario Home Care System
Authors: Armstrong Joshua J. , Sims-Gould Joanie , Stolee Paul
Published: July 2016

Background: Physiotherapy and occupational therapy services can play a critical role in maintaining or improving the physical functioning, quality of life, and overall independence of older home care clients. Despite their importance, however, there is limited understanding of the factors that influence how rehabilitation services are allocated to older home care clients. The aim of this pilot study was to develop a preliminary understanding of the factors that influence decisions to allocate rehabilitation therapy services to older clients in the Ontario home care system, as perceived by three stakeholder groups. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 key informants from three stakeholder groups: case managers, service providers, and health system policymakers. Results: Drivers of the allocation of occupational therapy and physiotherapy for older adults included functional needs and postoperative care. Participants identified challenges in providing home care rehabilitation to older adults, including impaired cognition and limited capacity in the home care system. Conclusions: Considering the changing demands for home care services, knowledge of current practices across the home care system can inform efforts to optimize rehabilitation services for the growing number of older adults. Further research is needed to advance the understanding of, and optimize rehabilitation service allocation to, older frail clients with multiple morbidities. Developing novel decision-support mechanisms and standardized clinical care pathways for older client populations may be beneficial.
Completeness of Outcomes Description Reported in Low Back Pain Rehabilitation Interventions: A Survey of 185 Randomized Trials
Authors: Gianola Silvia , Frigerio Pamela , Agostini Michela , Bolotta Rosa , Castellini Greta , Corbetta Davide , Gasparini Monica , Gozzer Paolo , Guariento Erica , Li Linda C. , Pecoraro Valentina , Sirtori Valeria , Turolla Andrea , Andreano Anita , Moja Lorenzo
Published: July 2016

Purpose: To assess reporting completeness of the most frequent outcome measures used in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of rehabilitation interventions for mechanical low back pain. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of RCTs included in all Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) published up to May 2013. Two authors independently evaluated the type and frequency of each outcome measure reported, the methods used to measure outcomes, the completeness of outcome reporting using a eight-item checklist, and the proportion of outcomes fully replicable by an independent assessor. Results: Our literature search identified 11 SRs, including 185 RCTs. Thirty-six different outcomes were investigated across all RCTs. The 2 most commonly reported outcomes were pain (n=165 RCTs; 89.2%) and disability (n=118 RCTs; 63.8%), which were assessed by 66 and 44 measurement tools, respectively. Pain and disability outcomes were found replicable in only 10.3% (n=17) and 10.2% (n=12) of the RCTs, respectively. Only 40 RCTs (21.6%) distinguished between primary and secondary outcomes. Conclusions: A large number of outcome measures and a myriad of measurement instruments were used across all RCTs. The reporting was largely incomplete, suggesting an opportunity for a standardized approach to reporting in rehabilitation science.
Operational Performance at Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections
Authors: Early Marci , Dixon Karen , Avelar Raul , Zhou Yanfen
Published: July 2016

When two cars approach the stop-controlled legs of a two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) intersection at the crossing of a major and a minor roadway, driver perception concerning which vehicle should be granted the right-of-way is often unclear. This confusion can increase if one of the drivers intends to execute a left turn. The research described in this paper was performed primarily to identify any safety issues with driver perception or understanding in the case of one left-turning vehicle with an opposing right-turning or straight-through vehicle at the stop-controlled legs of a TWSC intersection. The data collection involved filming and observing vehicle interactions at seven TWSC intersections in the cities of Bryan and College Station, Texas. The way left-turning vehicles responded to the TWSC intersection when an opposing vehicle was present was specifically evaluated. This scenario occurred 113 times for the seven intersection locations during a total evaluation period of approximately 25 h. For these 113 observations, the researchers performed statistical analyses and determined that the minor roadway volume and the first vehicle to approach the intersection significantly influenced driver behavior. The overall study findings confirm the hypothesis that drivers do not fully understand the appropriate (legal) maneuver protocols when stopped at TWSC locations.
Right-Turn Traffic Volume Adjustment in Traffic Signal Warrant Analysis
Authors: Zhou Cui , Tian Zong
Published: July 2016

An intersection with heavy right-turn volumes, without any reduction, might mislead a signal warrant analysis, and a different conclusion may be reached on whether a signal is warranted. Previous right-turn volume reduction methods based mostly on engineering judgment lack specific theoretical backgrounds. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method with theoretical justification. The method focuses on traffic operation principles centered on finding the delay equivalent relationship between right-turn and through traffic, that is, to equate the right-turn volume to through vehicles to produce the same control delay on a minor street. Equivalent factor tables were constructed on the basis of four geometric configurations. Combining with the various traffic volume distributions, more than 12,000 scenarios were analyzed. The volume ratio in the two directions of the main street was especially considered. The analysis showed that the uneven volume distribution in the main street had a greater effect on the minor-street right-turn movement. To use the equivalent factors efficiently, statistical regression models were developed. Last, the proposed method was applied to one signal warrant case and demonstrated promising results for its practical application in traffic signal warrant analysis.
Comparison of Above-Sign and Below-Sign Placement of Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacons
Authors: Fitzpatrick Kay , Avelar Raul , Lindheimer Tomas , Brewer Marcus A.
Published: July 2016

Several methods have been used to emphasize the presence of a pedestrian crossing, including supplementing signing with beacons. A device that has received national attention is the rectangular rapid-flashing beacon (RRFB). A question being asked is whether the position of the beacons above or below the pedestrian crossing sign influences the effectiveness of the treatment. A closed-course study found that at night RRFBs located above the crossing sign offered advantages compared with LEDs located within or below the sign. To determine if the position of the beacons affected driver yielding, RRFBs were installed above and below the pedestrian crossing sign at 13 sites in four locales. A staged pedestrian protocol was used to collect driver yielding to ensure a consistent presentation of approaching pedestrians. Preliminary findings showed only minor, if any, differences between the above and below positions (average daytime yielding for staged pedestrians was 64% for above and 61% for below), and the statistical test showed no significant difference. The open-road study found that the position of the RRFB did not affect a driver’s decision to yield. With apparent benefits identified from the closed-course study—i.e., lower discomfort and improved ability to detect the pedestrian as measured by identifying the direction a cutout photo of a pedestrian is traveling—and the lack of difference in driver yielding as a result of position, locating the beacons above the warning sign could improve the overall effectiveness of this treatment. As a result of these findings, FHWA plans to issue an official interpretation permitting placement of the beacons above the crossing warning sign.
Modeling Risky Driver Behavior Under the Influence of Flashing Green Signal with Vehicle Trajectory Data
Authors: Wang Fen , Tang Keshuang , Xu Yanqing , Sun Jian , Li Keping
Published: July 2016

In China, a 3-s flashing green (FG) indication followed by a 3-s yellow (Y) indication is commonly applied to end the green phase at signalized intersections regardless of speed limits. Past research has indicated that the FG may bring more uncertainty and dynamics to drivers’ stop–go decisions at the end of the green phase, particularly at high-speed intersections. Hence, the objective of this study was to propose a probabilistic model for interpreting drivers’ dynamic decision-making processes in response to the combination of FG and Y at rural high-speed intersections, which could help quantitatively analyze the safety effects of FG. The inputs of the proposed model included mainly the acceleration and deceleration rate and the perception-and-reaction time. The outputs were the frequencies of risky behavior, including abrupt stop and aggressive pass on the basis of the cycle. The trajectories of 1,186 vehicles, collected at three rural high-speed intersections in Shanghai, China, with a speed limit of 80 km/h were used for the uncertainty analysis of input variables and model validation. On the basis of the proposed model, three typical scenarios of phase transition periods—3-s FG + 3-s Y, 0-s FG + 5-s Y, and 0-s FG + 3-s Y—were valuated. Results showed that the proposed model was capable of producing an average error of less than 10%. In addition, the scenario of 0-s FG + 5-s Y performed best in reducing risky behavior. It is recommended that a 5-s Y be implemented for high-speed intersections when most of the traffic consists of passenger cars.
A revolution in preventing fatal craniovertebral junction injuries: lessons learned from the Head and Neck Support device in professional auto racing
Authors: Kaul Anand , Abbas Ahmed , Smith Gabriel , Manjila Sunil , Pace Jonathan , Steinmetz Michael
Published: July 2016

Fatal craniovertebral junction (CVJ) injuries were the most common cause of death in high-speed motor sports prior to 2001. Following the death of a mutual friend and race car driver, Patrick Jacquemart (1946–1981), biomechanical engineer Dr. Robert Hubbard, along with race car driver and brother-in-law Jim Downing, developed the concept for the Head and Neck Support (HANS) device to prevent flexion-distraction injuries during high-velocity impact. Biomechanical testing showed that neck shear and loading forces experienced during collisions were 3 times the required amount for a catastrophic injury. Crash sled testing with and without the HANS device elucidated reductions in neck tension, neck compression, head acceleration, and chest acceleration experienced by dummies during high-energy crashes. Simultaneously, motor sports accidents such as Dale Earnhardt Sr.'s fatal crash in 2001 galvanized public opinion in favor of serious safety reform. Analysis of Earnhardt's accident demonstrated that his car's velocity parallel to the barrier was more than 150 miles per hour (mph), with deceleration upon impact of roughly 43 mph in a total of 0.08 seconds. After careful review, several major racing series such as the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) and Championship Auto Racing Team (CART) made major changes to ensure the safety of drivers at the turn of the 21st century. Since the rule requiring the HANS device in professional auto racing series was put in place, there has not been a single reported case of a fatal CVJ injury.