bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting DDoS Attacks in IoT Environment
Authors: Labiod Yasmine , Korba Abdelaziz Amara , Ghoualmi-Zine Nacira
Published: April 2021

With the great potential of internet of things (IoT) infrastructure in different domains, cyber-attacks are also rising commensurately. Distributed denials of service (DDoS) attacks are one of the cyber security threats. This paper will focus on DDoS attacks by adding the design of an intrusion detection system (IDS) tailored to IoT systems. Moreover, machine learning techniques will be investigated to distinguish the data representing flows of network traffic, which include both normal and DDoS traffic. In addition, these techniques will be used to help make a refined detection model for identifying different types of DDoS attacks. Furthermore, the performance of machine learning-based proposed solution is validated using N-BaIoT dataset and compared through different evaluation metrics. The experimental results show that the proposed IDS not only detects DDoS attacks types but also has a high detection rate and low false positive rate, which argues the usefulness of the proposed approach in comparison with several existing DDoS attacks detection techniques.
Adaptive Multi-Agent Control Strategy in Heterogeneous Countermeasure Environments
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Hui , Lin Wangqun
Published: April 2021

In the rapidly changing air combat environment, it is quite difficult for pilots to make speedy and reasonable decisions in a very short period due to lack of experience and the uncertainty of perception situation. Hence, the authors propose an intelligent cognitive tactical strategy framework of air combat on multi-source information in uncertain air combat situations for decision support. A fuzzy inferring tree method is proposed to simulate human intellection. Then, to further improve the accuracy of the reasoning results, a genetic algorithm is introduced to optimize the structure and parameters of fuzzy rules. The simulation results show that the proposed model is reasonable, fast, accurate, repeatable, and fatigue-free, which lays a good foundation for future high-end unmanned combat explorations.
E-Government Development at the Global Level
Authors: Alhassan Muftawu Dzang , Adam Ibrahim Osman , Musah Alhassan
Published: April 2021

This study examines the impact of ICT access and ICT skills on e-government development in 135 countries globally. Whilst extant studies in information systems research have examined the factors that lead to successful e-government development, these studies fail to view ICT access and skills as dual necessities such that without either, the success of e-government development can be derailed. Previous studies have also failed to consider the mediating effect of a country's political and regulatory environment on e-government development. The authors address these by relying on secondary data and partial least squares-structural equation modeling to test a model based on the technology-organization-environment framework. The results show that ICT skills positively influences e-government development, whilst ICT access and the political and regulatory environment do not. Furthermore, the political and regulatory environment was found to positively mediate the link between ICT access and e-government development. Whilst the findings make important contributions to e-government research at the global level, this research provides some implications for policy and practice.
Color Image Processing Under Uncertainty
Authors: Boutekkouk Fateh , Sahel Narimane
Published: April 2021

Most digital images have uncertainties associated with the intensity levels of pixels and/or edges. These uncertainties can be traced back to the acquisition chain, to uneven lighting conditions used during imaging or to the noisy environment. On the other hand, intuitionistic fuzzy hypergraphs are considered a useful mathematical tool for digital image processing since they can represent digital images as complex relationships between pixels and model uncertain or imprecise knowledge explicitly. This paper presents the approach for noisy color image segmentation and edge detection based on intuitionistic fuzzy hypergraphs. First, the RGB image is transformed to the HLS space resulting in three separated components. Then each component is intuitionistically fuzzified based on entropy measure from which an intuitionistic fuzzy hypergraph is generated automatically. The generated hypergraphs will be used for denoising, segmentation, and edges detection. The first experimentations showed that the proposed approach gave good results especially in the case of dynamic threshold.
A Top-K QoS-Optimal Service Composition Approach Based on Service Dependency Graph
Authors: Zhang Baili , Wen Kejie , Lu Jianhua , Zhong Mingjun
Published: April 2021

With the development of internet of things (IoT) technology, servitization of IoT device functions has become a trend. The cooperation between IoT devices can be equivalent to web service composition. However, current service composition approaches applied in the internet cannot work well in IoT environments due to weak adaptability, low accuracy, and poor time performance. This paper, based on service dependency graph, proposes a top-k QoS-optimal service composition approach suitable for IoT. It aims to construct the relationship between services by applying the service dependency model and to reduce the traversal space through effective filtering strategies. On the basis of a composition path traversal sequence, the generated service composition can be represented directly to avoid backtracking search. Meanwhile, the redundant services can be removed from the service composition with the help of dynamic programming. Experiments show that the approach can obtain the top-k QoS-optimal service composition and better time performance.
Phase Separation Effect in Gelation of 3DOM Bioactive Glass
Authors: Auniq Reedwan Bin Zafar , Boonyang Upsorn
Published: April 2021

The quaternary phase bioactive glasses (SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5) were synthesized by the sol-gel process. Pluronic P123, using surfactant as structure-directing agents as well as phase separation inducers. The obtained bioactive glasses were characterized regarding morphology by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Polymer colloidal crystals (CCTs) as the template component yielded either three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structure or hollow spheres shaped bioactive glass. The other type of morphology generation is related to the polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS) in the gelation process. The heterogeneous precursor i.e. silica-rich regions caused the microspheres and solvent-rich areas produced micrometer-scale void space in bicontinuos structure. While the lower pH of starting precursor in 45S4P showed stronger precursor-template interactions than the 53S4P by generating the completely hollow spheres structure.
STING Agonist Mitigates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Stimulating Type I IFN–Dependent and –Independent Immune-Regulatory Pathways
Authors: Johnson Brandon M. , Uchimura Toru , Gallovic Matthew D. , Thamilarasan Madhan , Chou Wei-Chun , Gibson Sara A. , Deng Meng , Tam Jason W. , Batty Cole J. , Williams Jonathan , Matsushima Glenn K. , Bachelder Eric M. , Ainslie Kristy M. , Markovic-Plese Silva , Ting Jenny P.-Y.
Published: April 2021

The cGAS–cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP)–stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway induces a powerful type I IFN (IFN-I) response and is a prime candidate for augmenting immunity in cancer immunotherapy and vaccines. IFN-I also has immune-regulatory functions manifested in several autoimmune diseases and is a first-line therapy for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. However, it is only moderately effective and can induce adverse effects and neutralizing Abs in recipients. Targeting cGAMP in autoimmunity is unexplored and represents a challenge because of the intracellular location of its receptor, STING. We used microparticle (MP)–encapsulated cGAMP to increase cellular delivery, achieve dose sparing, and reduce potential toxicity. In the C57BL/6 experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, cGAMP encapsulated in MPs (cGAMP MPs) administered therapeutically protected mice from EAE in a STING-dependent fashion, whereas soluble cGAMP was ineffective. Protection was also observed in a relapsing–remitting model. Importantly, cGAMP MPs protected against EAE at the peak of disease and were more effective than rIFN-β. Mechanistically, cGAMP MPs showed both IFN-I–dependent and –independent immunosuppressive effects. Furthermore, it induced the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-27 without requiring IFN-I. This augmented IL-10 expression through activated ERK and CREB. IL-27 and subsequent IL-10 were the most important cytokines to mitigate autoreactivity. Critically, cGAMP MPs promoted IFN-I as well as the immunoregulatory cytokines IL-27 and IL-10 in PBMCs from relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Collectively, this study reveals a previously unappreciated immune-regulatory effect of cGAMP that can be harnessed to restrain T cell autoreactivity.
Clinical effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on patients with ulcerative colitis may improve via the regulation of IL-23-IL-17 axis and the changes of the proportion of intestinal microflora
Authors: Wang Zhengjun , Chen Jinhua , Chen Zhiping , Xie Longke , Wang Wen
Published: April 2021

Background:

We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of additional ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with mesalazine, compared to mesalazine alone in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The mechanism was evaluated by monitoring the changes of IL-23-IL-17 axis and the intestinal microflora.

Methods:

In this prospective, single center study, patients with UC were randomly assigned to the Mesalazine group (n=20) or the UDCA + Mesalazine group (n=20). Mayo score and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), and fecal samples for 16S rRNA sequencing and blood samples for IL-23 and IL-17 ELISA were collected for analysis.

Results:

Mayo scores and IBDQ score of the UDCA + Mesalazine group were significantly better than those of the Mesalazine group (P = 0.015 and P < 0.001, respectively). At post-treatment week 4, IL-23 and IL-17 levels were significantly lower in the UDCA + Mesalazine group compared to those in the Mesalazine group (both P < 0.038). In patients with UC after treatment, Firmicutes in the UDCA + Mesalazine group was higher than those in the Mesalazine group (P < 0.001). The UDCA + Mesalazine group showed lower percentage of Proteobacteria compared to those in the Mesalazine group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Additional UDCA could provide better therapeutic effects than mesalazine alone, possibly due to the change of IL-23 and IL-17 and the proportional distribution of intestinal microflora.
Temporal Fusion Approach for Video Classification with Convolutional and LSTM Neural Networks Applied to Violence Detection
Authors: Jean Phelipe de Oliveira Lima  , Carlos Maurí­cio Seródio Figueiredo
Published: April 2021

In modern smart cities, there is a quest for the highest level of integration and automation service. In the surveillance sector, one of the main challenges is to automate the analysis of videos in real-time to identify critical situations. This paper presents intelligent models based on Convolutional Neural Networks (in which the MobileNet, InceptionV3 and VGG16 networks had used), LSTM networks and feedforward networks for the task of classifying videos under the classes "Violence" and "Non-Violence", using for this the RLVS database. Different data representations held used according to the Temporal Fusion techniques. The best outcome achieved was Accuracy and F1-Score of 0.91, a higher result compared to those found in similar researches for works conducted on the same database.
Potentiation of the Anticancer Effects by Combining Docetaxel with Ku-0063794 against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Jeon Ye-Won , Kim Ok-Hee , Shin Jin Sun , Hong Ha Eun , Kim Cho Hee , Kim Say-June
Published: April 2021

Purpose mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibition by Ku-0063794 could confer profound anticancer effects against cancer cells because it eliminates feedback activation of Akt. Herein, we aimed to determine anticancer effects of docetaxel and Ku-0063794, individually or in combination, against breast cancer cells, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells.Materials and Methods MCF-7 breast cancer and MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell lines for in vitro studies and mouse xenograft model for in vivo studies were used to investigate the effect of docetaxel, Ku-0063794, or their combination.Results In the in vitro experiments, combination therapy synergistically reduced cell viability and induced higher apoptotic cell death in breast cancer cells than the individual monotherapies (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis and flow cytometric analysis showed that the combination therapy induced higher apoptotic cell death than the individual monotherapies (p < 0.05). In the in vivo experiment, docetaxel and Ku-0063794 combination therapy reduced the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells xenografted in the nude mice better than in the individual monotherapies (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the combination therapy induced the highest expression of cleaved caspase-3 and the lowest expression of Bcl-xL in the MDA-MB-231 cells xenografted in the nude mice (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence, incorporating both in vitro and in vivo experiments, consistently validated that unlike individual monotherapies, docetaxel and Ku-0063794 combination therapy significantly inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy (p < 0.05).Conclusion These data suggest that docetaxel and Ku-0063794 combination therapy has higher anticancer activities over individual monotherapies against MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells through a greater inhibition of autophagy and EMT.
Effect of Temperature on Host Preference in Two Lineages of the Brown Dog Tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Authors: Backus Laura H. , López Pérez Andrés M. , Foley Janet E.
Published: April 2021

Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a species complex of ticks that vector disease worldwide. Feeding primarily on dogs, members of the complex also feed incidentally on humans, potentially transmitting disease agents such as Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia conorii, and Ehrlichia species. There are two genetic Rh. sanguineus lineages in North America, designated as the temperate and tropical lineages, which had occurred in discrete locations, although there is now range overlap in parts of California and Arizona. Rh. sanguineus in Europe are reportedly more aggressive toward humans during hot weather, increasing the risk of pathogen transmission to humans. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of hot weather on choice between humans and dog hosts among tropical and temperate lineage Rh. sanguineus individuals. Ticks in a two-choice olfactometer migrated toward a dog or human in trials at room (23.5°C) or high temperature (38°C). At 38°C, 2.5 times more tropical lineage adults chose humans compared with room temperature, whereas temperate lineage adults demonstrated a 66% reduction in preference for dogs and a slight increase in preference for humans. Fewer nymphs chose either host at 38°C than at room temperature in both lineages. These results demonstrate that risk of disease transmission to humans may be increased during periods of hot weather, where either lineage is present, and that hot weather events associated with climatic change may result in more frequent rickettsial disease outbreaks.
Nonparametric Binary Classification to Distinguish Closely Related versus Unrelated Plasmodium falciparum Parasites
Authors: Plucinski Mateusz M. , Barratt Joel L. N.
Published: April 2021

Assessing genetic relatedness of Plasmodium falciparum genotypes is a key component of antimalarial efficacy trials. Previous methods have focused on determining a priori definitions of the level of genetic similarity sufficient to classify two infections as sharing the same strain. However, factors such as mixed-strain infections, allelic suppression, imprecise typing methods, and heterozygosity complicate comparisons of apicomplexan genotypes. Here, we introduce a novel method for nonparametric statistical testing of relatedness for P. falciparum parasites. First, the background distribution of genetic distance between unrelated strains is computed. Second, a threshold genetic distance is computed from this empiric distribution of distances to demarcate genetic distances that are unlikely to have arisen by chance. Third, the genetic distance between paired samples is computed, and paired samples with genetic distances below the threshold are classified as related. The method is designed to work with any arbitrary genetic distance definition. We validated this procedure using two independent approaches to calculating genetic distance. We assessed the concordance of the novel nonparametric classification with a gold-standard Bayesian approach for 175 pairs of recurrent P. falciparum episodes from previously published malaria efficacy trials with microsatellite data from five studies in Guinea and Angola. The novel nonparametric approach was 98% sensitive and 84–89% specific in correctly identifying related genotypes compared with a gold-standard Bayesian algorithm. The approach provides a unified and systematic method to statistically assess relatedness of P. falciparum parasites using arbitrary genetic distance methodologies.
Advanced Information Technologies under Manifold Coordinate Systems
Authors: Riznyk Volodymyr
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we regard information technologies under manifold coordinate systems, namely the concept of Ideal Ring Bundles (IRBs), which can be used for configure of the system with the minimized basis for vector data coding and processing designs. The concept involves establishing harmonious mutual penetration of symmetry and asymmetry law as the remarkable property of real space, which allows optimize information technologies based on the law for finding optimal solutions for wide classes of technological problems in informatics, using novel designs based on combinatorial configurations such as the IRBs and their manifold topological transformations. These design techniques make it possible to configure big vector data information systems with fewer numbers of code words than at present, while maintaining or improving on transformation content and the other operating characteristics of the system by means of combinatorial optimization.
m-ark-Support Vector Machine for Early Detection of Parkinson’s Disease from Speech Signals
Authors: Parisi Luca , Zaernia Amir , Ma Renfei , Youseffi Mansour
Published: April 2021

Recent advances in the state-of-the-art open-source kernel functions for support vector machines (SVMs) have widened the choices of benchmark kernels for Machine Learning (ML)-based classification. However, it is still challenging to achieve margin maximisation in SVM, and further evidence is required to ensure such novel kernel functions can have translational applications with tangible impact. Noteworthily, m-arcsinh, freely available in scikit-learn, was preliminarily proven as a benchmark kernel function on 15 datasets in its seminal paper. Quantifying the benefit from leveraging this kernel in a specific application is essential to provide further evidence of its accuracy and reliability on real-life supervised ML-aided tasks. Thus, the predictive capability of SVM, including that with Lagrange multipliers for the first time coupled with m-arcsinh (m-ark-SVM with soft margin; m-arK-SVM with hard margin), is hereby assessed in aiding early detection of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) from speech data. This is important to leverage the m-arcsinh kernel ‘trick’ to maximise the margin width and, therefore, the linear separability of input speech features via automated pattern recognition. In this study, we demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of m-ark-SVM to aid early diagnosis of PD, evaluated against other gold standard kernel functions. Two benchmark datasets from the University of California-Irvine (UCI) database, pre-processed solely via min-max normalisation, were used to discriminate between speech patterns of 72 healthy subjects and 211 patients with PD. Overtraining was avoided via cross validation and the models were developed and tested in Python 3.7. The supervised model (m-ark-SVM) could detect early Parkinson’s Disease with 87.18% and 86.9% classification accuracy from the two datasets respectively (F1- scores: 85 and 86.2% correspondingly). Furthermore, the model achieved high precision (89.2% and 86.8%) and specificity (87% and 86.8%). Thus, this study validates the application of m-arcsinh to aid real-life supervised ML-based classification, in particular early diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease from speech data.
A Blind Parameter Estimation Method of Frequency Hopping Signal with Low SNR
Authors: Wang Zengke , Li Yi , Xu Wei
Published: April 2021

In order to effectively estimate the parameters of the frequency hopping signals under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a blind parameter estimation method based on the modified discrete time Wigner-Ville distribution (MDTWVD) is proposed. We choose a low order Chebyshev polynomial as the kernel function for reducing the cross-term. Then, the parameters of the frequency hopping signals are finally obtained from the MDTWVD. The simulation experiment results show that the method used in this paper can effectively and accurately estimate frequency hopping signals parameters, especially under low SNR condition compared with other estimating methods.
Campus Attitudes Toward Academic and Social Inclusion of Students with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Carothers Douglas , Aydin Hasan , Halpern Clarisse
Published: April 2021

Empirical evidence suggests that college attendance by students with intellectual disability (ID) results in numerous short- and long-term academic and social benefits. However, insufficient literature has explored the attitudes of constituent groups of universities toward the social and academic inclusion of students with ID before introducing these students to educational programs on campus. This paper reports on the results of a survey applied to administrators, faculty, staff, and students of a Southeastern public university to examine their attitudes toward students with ID in college academics and social activities on campus. The differences in attitudes were also examined based on the participants’ academic discipline, gender, and role within the academic community. The results indicate that all constituencies on campus had positive attitudes toward the participation of students with ID in college academics. However, significant differences were found based on their academic disciplines; participants from the College of Education had the most positive attitudes, while those from the College of Business had the least positive responses. Recommendations for future research are included. The article emphasizes the benefits of planning inclusive post-secondary programs to include students with ID and create a welcoming education environment to provide the best possible education to all students.
OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION IN ENGINEERING: THE NEED FOR QUALITY AND TRANSFORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Onyeka Nkeriuka , Onyeka Okezuo
Published: April 2021

The paper studied the assessment practices in Engineering faculties in Nigerian Universities under the outcome based education system. The aim is to determine the quality and transformative nature of the assessment. Four research questions were used for the study. Ninety five (95) engineering lecturers from the Imo State University and the Federal University of Technology all in Owerri, were used for the study. Conscious effort was made to ensure that all disciplines available in the two institutions were represented. A questionnaire with a rating scale was used to obtain the data. The data were analysed using mean rating. It was found that the lecturers are aware of the demand of assessment under the OBE system and in fact, practice some of the strategies. However, the facilities are in short supply, especially electricity. The paper recommends among other things that proprietors of universities and other institutions of higher learning should endeavour to provide needed facilities.
Роль общественности в тюремных преобразованиях ХIХ в. в России
Authors: Беляева Лариса И.
Published: April 2021

Введение: в статье рассматриваются обстоятельства, способствовавшие активизации в ХIХ в. общественных сил в вопросах улучшения тюремной жизни и ресоциализации лиц, освободившихся из мест заключения; дается характеристика направлений деятельности общественности по преобразованию тюрем Российской империи и определяется влияние этой деятельности на совершенствование исполнения наказания в виде лишения свободы; анализируется работа Общества попечительного о тюрьмах, обществ патроната и других общественных структур; оценивается роль общественности в развитии отечественного законодательства и правоприменительной практики; раскрываются имевшие место в этой сфере ошибки и упущения. Методы: методологическую основу данного исследования составляет аксиологический подход. Решению исследовательской задачи способствовало использование общефилософских принципов диалектики и специальных методов познания: систематического, формально-юридического, социологического и др. Результаты: идеи эпохи Просвещения способствовали проявлению общественной активности, в общественном сознании возникла мысль об отказе от жестокости наказания. Организация патроната – необходимое условие преобразования мест заключения. Обсуждение: примечательно, что в работах разных исторических периодов сохраняется общность взглядов и отрицательных оценок деятельности общественных образований дореволюционного периода, связанных с тюремным ведомством. Выводы: деятельность общественности в области преобразования мест заключения нельзя признать безупречной, однако число ее критических оценок столь велико, что нет нужды добавлять к этому что-либо. Значительно важнее с аксиологических позиций выявить то, что является ценным для социальной практики, а именно стимулирование общественной инициативы в решении вопросов, связанных с наказанием и его исполнением, учреждением новых общественных формирований, направлявших свою деятельность на оказание помощи освободившимся из мест заключения, организацию исполнения наказания в отношении несовершеннолетних, вывод из тюрем детей арестантов и устройство для них приютов и др

Ключевые слова: общественность; эпоха Просвещения; Общество попечительное о тюрьмах; общества патроната; общества земледельческих колоний и ремесленных приютов; научная общественность; тюрьма; тюремные преобразования; тюремная реформа; заключенные; исправление; несовершеннолетние правонарушители; международные конгрессы.
Prótesis colónicas en el tratamiento paliativo del cáncer colónico. Nuestra evaluación tras 10 años de experiencia.
Authors: Jury Gaston , Lopez Fagalde Rafael , Amieva Leandro , Ramacciotti Gonzalo , Manzotti Leandro , Dolan Martin , Sayanes Victoria , Naiderman Diego , Ruiz Nicolas , Miconi Diego
Published: April 2021

Resumen:

Introducción: La colocación de stent/prótesis colónicas metálicas autoexpansibles por vía endoscópica surge como opción terapéutica para la obstrucción colónica neoplásica en dos situaciones: tratamiento paliativo y puente a la cirugía. Este procedimiento permite evitar cirugías en dos tiempos y disminuir la probabilidad de colostomía definitiva con el consecuente deterioro de la calidad de vida y complicaciones asociadas la misma.

Objetivos: Comunicar nuestra experiencia en la colocación de prótesis colónicas en la obstrucción neoplásica como tratamiento paliativo en nuestro medio, tras 10 años de experiencia.

Diseño: Prospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo y observacional.

Material y métodos: Desde agosto de 2008 a diciembre de 2019, se analizaron todos los pacientes a quienes el mismo grupo de endoscopistas colocaron PAE con intención paliativa por CCR avanzado. Fueron analizadas las variables demográficas, clínicas, el éxito técnico, el éxito clínico, la sobrevida, las complicaciones tempranas y tardías, así como su resolución.

Resultados: Se colocaron un total de 54 prótesis autoexpansibles. La media de edad fue 71 años. El 85% de las lesiones se localizaron en colon izquierdo. El 58% de los casos (31 pacientes) se realizaron en forma ambulatoria. El éxito técnico y clínico fue del 92% y 98% respectivamente. Con una sobrevida promedio de 209 días.

Conclusiones: Estos 10 años de experiencia nos permiten concluir que la colocación de prótesis metálicas autoexpansibles como tratamiento paliativo de la obstrucción neoplásica colónica es eficaz, segura, se puede realizar tanto en forma ambulatoria como con internación breve, permitiendo la externación y alimentación oral temprana, mejorando las condiciones para afrontar un eventual tratamiento quimioterapéutico paliativo.
Riscos sociais e as motivações dos territórios intencionalmente de risco: percepções sobre o rio de janeiro e o distrito federal
Authors: Ferrer Ma. Érica
Published: April 2021

A criminalidade e a insegurança são uma grande preocupação sentida nas cidades. Tal medo tem sido manipulado por empresas de segurança pública, lançamentos imobiliários e programas de governo para gerar lucro e votos. No entanto, tal insegurança coletiva deve ser trazida para o meio científico para que sejam estudados quais fatores causam o aumento do índice de homicídios, por exemplo. A falta de infraestrutura neste estudo se mostra como um causador desse aumento, porém o governo tem esse conhecimento e, em muitos casos, não o aplica. Assim, o conceito do território intencionalmente de risco visa propor uma reflexão acerca desse descaso governamental em certas áreas e o grande investimento em infraestrutura em outras regiões. Ainda, aborda as motivações que podem levar o governo a não direcionar políticas públicas em determinados territórios com risco social. Neste estudo são utilizados três bairros da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e três regiões administrativas do Distrito Federal.
Utilização de fibras nanoestruturadas de TiO2 como fotocatalisadores para a geração de hidrogênio
Authors: Da Silva Luana Góes Soares , Alves Annelise Kopp
Published: April 2021

A fotocatálise amplamente empregada no tratamento de efluentes, descontaminação ambiental, degradação de poluentes e purificação de água residuária, vem surgindo também como uma alternativa para a geração de hidrogênio, como fonte de energia limpa. O seu mecanismo de ação reside na geração de radicais hidroxila (•OH), com alto poder oxidante, e na completa mineralização de diversos compostos orgânicos através da reação com este radical. O seu princípio de funcionamento consiste na ativação de um semicondutor (normalmente TiO2) por luz solar ou artificial. Sua utilização tem despertado a atenção de pesquisadores, devido a possibilidade de degradação completa dos compostos orgânicos sem a geração de subprodutos. A aplicação do TiO2, na qualidade de semicondutor mais comumente utilizado em fotocatálise heterogênea adquire relevância, devido à sua eficiência na decomposição de poluentes da água, do ar, bactérias, células cancerígenas e na degradação de compostos orgânicos tóxicos. Dentro deste contexto, neste trabalho, foram obtidas através da técnica de electrospinning fibras nanoestruturadas de TiO2 e, tratadas termicamente entre 650 ºC e 800 ºC. Estas fibras foram caracterizadas por difração de raios X (DRX) para a determinação das fases presentes e da estrutura cristalina formada, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e de transmissão (MET) para análise microestrutural. os métodos de Brunnauer Emmet e Teller (BET) e Barret Joyner Halenda (BJH), foram utilizados para avaliação da área superficial, e, a fotocatálise heterogênea, empregada nos ensaios de fotodegradação, mediante a observação da descoloração com o tempo de 125 mL de uma solução 20 ppm do corante alaranjado de metila na presença das fibras nanoestruturadas de TiO2 (fotocatalisadores).  Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as fibras de TiO2, tratadas termicamente a 650 ºC, contendo a fase anatase possuem elevada atividade fotocatalítica e podem ser aplicadas à geração de energia. A produção de hidrogênio através de fontes renováveis, além de oportunizar a obtenção de energia de forma limpa, também permite a redução dos impactos ambientais gerados.
A marcha da liberdade e as redes de protesto
Authors: De Oliveira Mariana Freitas Gomes
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a Marcha da Liberdade, orientando-nos,  principalmente, pelas informações produzidas pela imprensa. Em seguida, buscaremos  interpretá-la articulando os conceitos de acontecimento político e movimentos pós- socialistas de Maurizio Lazzarato, com uso de teorias complementares. Procuraremos, a  partir das noções de redes interativas e fluxos de Manuel Castells, evidenciar o papel  das cidades como nós para a organização deste tipo de protesto, materializando em suas  ruas e praças a reunião de um coletivo de pessoas que já estavam previamente reunidas  na internet. Concluímos com a ideia que este tipo de organização de protesto evita a  cristalização da agência coletiva em uma entidade burocratizada que se quer unificada,  promovendo a diversidade de pessoas e bandeiras.
Tecnologías de la web semántica para el desarrollo de una memoria organizacional en la atención de usuarios en un departamento de tecnología
Authors: Perez-Soltero Alonso , Lopez-Muñoz Miguel Enrique , Valenzuela Mario Barcelo
Published: April 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es proponer un modelo de memoria organizacional basado en tecnologías de la Web semántica, para gestionar el conocimiento originado por la atención a usuarios de un departamento de tecnología de una Institución de Educación Superior en el Noroeste de México. El modelo propuesto representa de manera global las actividades de atención de las diversas áreas del departamento y propone una visión conceptual para el desarrollo de una memoria organizacional que favorezca la gestión de dicho conocimiento. Esta memoria, incluye la organización, almacenamiento y recuperación del conocimiento generado por los técnicos al atender las órdenes de servicio, la interacción con los usuarios y dispositivos, además del que obtienen de las capacitaciones recibidas. Lo anterior contando con una plataforma soportada en tecnologías de la web semántica.
Identidade e os profissionais de comunicação: Aproximações teóricas entre o processo de identificação e a comunicação nas organizações
Authors: Carramenha Bruno
Published: April 2021

A partir do estudo da prática da comunicação no âmbito das organizações por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica da área de Relações Públicas, o presente artigo pretende relacionar os conceitos de identidade e identificação, advindos da sociologia, com as posições que os profissionais de comunicação corporativa têm assumido nas organizações. Por meio de um olhar histórico, objetiva-se investigar o processo de identificação do profissional no realizar de suas atividades, seja na gestão dos processos midiáticos organizacionais ou na liderança estratégica dos departamentos de comunicação, com base nas interpelações dos executivos com quem se relaciona profissionalmente ou da própria categoria da qual faz parte.
Factors affecting the outcome of neonates with anorectal malformation in a developing country
Authors: Umar Nisar Muhammad , Iqbal Asad , Javed Noshela , Sikander Samer , Burki Sadia Asmat , Chaudhry Muhammad Amjad
Published: April 2021

Background: The survival and outcome of neonates with anorectal malformations (ARM) have much improved in the developed countries due to optimal perioperative and postoperative care but in developing countries, sepsis, low birth weight, delayed presentation, and lack of intensive care for neonates are still important in affecting the outcome. This study was carried out to evaluate factors of poor outcome (mortality) in neonates with ARM.
Method: This is a prospective analytical study. A total of 44 consecutive neonates with Anorectal malformations (ARM) presenting to the Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children’s Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, were included. Variables studied included age at presentation, gender, birth weight, type of malformation, sepsis at presentation, type of surgery performed, postoperative complications, and their relationship to the outcome. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.
Results: A total of 44 neonates with ARM were included in the study. In the study population, 56.8 % (25) were males and 43.2% (19) were females. The mean age at presentation was 2.1 ± 0.5 days. The mean birth weight was 2.5 ± 0.6 kg. Overall mortality was 29.5% (13) with 13.63% (6) patients died pre-operatively. The most common cause of death in postoperative patients was sepsis (40%). There was a statistically significant relationship between low birth weight (P= <0.01) and sepsis at presentation (P=0.001) with mortality. No statistically significant association was found when the outcome was compared with age at presentation (P=0.21) and postoperative complications (P=0.16).
Conclusion: In developing countries, the lack of resources, lack of trained midwives/LHVs, intensive care are contributing factors to sepsis and delayed presentation, and ultimately mortality. Good antenatal care, awareness of the midwives/Lady Health Visitors to refer such patients in time, and provision of adequate intensive care can improve the outcome of surgery in ARMs.
Metodologías dinámicas en Educación Infantil. Propuesta didáctica: los deportes
Authors: Alonso Jose María Rabal , Cano Andrea Ganga , Zárate Marta Bermejo
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo de investigación consiste en una secuencia de enseñanza dirigida a alumnos y alumnas de un aula de 5 años. La temática principal de este serán los deportes, pero incluidos dentro del área de las ciencias sociales. El objetivo más importante que queremos conseguir es potenciar el conocimiento de esta materia a través de un tema que el propio alumnado ha seleccionado, por tanto, será de gran interés para ellos y la puesta en práctica les producirá un alto grado de motivación y participación. Además, es un tópico bastante actual y habitual, pues lo encontramos en el día a día de los más pequeños, pero la novedad es que no suele ser trabajado en el colegio fuera de la asignatura de psicomotricidad.

No obstante, es un tema recurrente que nos ayudará a trabajar diversas partes del currículo del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil, no solo el apartado de ciencias sociales, por lo que diríamos que es globalizador.

La elección del eje central surge directamente de la propia aula como consecuencia de una lluvia de ideas en la que implicamos al alumnado. La secuencia, titulada “los deportes”, tendrá una duración de un mes y estará compuesta por veinticuatro sesiones.
Restricciones del subsistema comercial de la quinua peruana de exportación
Authors: Herrera David Salcedo , Herrera Abel Salcedo , Rios-Campos Carlos , Trujillo Jury Yesenia Aquino , Torres Antero Alexander Cabrera
Published: April 2021

La inserción de los productos agrícolas en el mercado internacional, es una condición necesaria para superar restricciones, generar nuevas oportunidades comerciales, elevar la eficiencia y promover el desarrollo especialmente en aquellos productos cuyo consumo doméstico es bajo. La quinua es uno de los productos que en la actualidad evidencia un mayor dinamismo en el comercio mundial, produciéndose principalmente en Perú, Bolivia y Ecuador. En el Perú, la producción y comercialización de la quinua se ha incrementado, por ser un alimento de gran demanda, representando un buen potencial de oportunidades comerciales, a la vez genera empleo. El trabajo tuvo como objetivo: Identificar las principales restricciones institucionales, organizacionales y tecnológicas del subsistema comercial de la quinua peruana de exportación. Para el logro del objetivo, se utilizó una herramienta de diagnóstico aplicada al subsistema comercial de la quinua en Perú, como el Análisis Estructural Discreto (AED). Del análisis AED, se obtuvo que el ambiente institucional del subsistema comercial apalancó su crecimiento mediante los tratados comerciales firmados entre Perú y sus principales socios. Sin embargo, se ha omitido realizar acciones internas y externas necesarias, como los protocolos no arancelarios, para aprovechar estos acuerdos. También, se evidenció un bajo enforcement que restringe el crecimiento de este subsistema comercial. Desde el ambiente organizacional, se halló que los actores presentan una heterogeneidad del nivel cultural, económico, social y educativo, los cuales son restricciones que incrementaron el nivel de oportunismo, informalidad, información asimétrica y contratos incompletos. En el ambiente tecnológico, se evidenció que las restricciones fueron la falta de valor agregado en los granos de exportación y los altos costos en logística y en certificaciones.
La ecuación de la recta en la ergonomía
Authors: Estrada María de Lourdes Olivares , Rosa Omar García de la , Rosa Héctor García de la , Leonardo Ceciliano Hernández , Ramirez Francisco García
Published: April 2021

Se presenta un estudio basado en un análisis ergonómico, para proponer una adaptación de las condiciones de operación con la innovación de prácticas del sistema productivo. utilizando para ello las metodologías sugeridas en la Guía Técnica Española, OWAS y RULA. Se realizó la evaluación por los métodos propuestos, contrastando sus resultados con un modelo virtual generado en Autocad y un modelo analítico resultado del análisis de variables de la guía técnica española. Esto es un hallazgo importante dado que con una ecuación de la recta obtenida a partir de un modelo de regresión lineal, permite determinar el porcentaje de protección o el nivel de daño de un trabajador sometido a cargas sobre el aparato musculo esquelético, de los cuales se encontró un nivel de riesgo elevado para el trabajador en el desempeño de sus tareas. Por consiguiente se pensó en alternativas sustentables para abatir tal problemática.
La orientación vocacional y profesional como estrategia en la comunicación educativa universitaria
Authors: Sardi Gustavo Adolfo Santana , Santana Jhimmy Andrés Gutiérrez , Cevallos Francisco Antonio Mawyin , Palma Pedro Alejandro Escobar
Published: April 2021

Este documento tiene como propósito influenciar las intenciones vocacionales que la persona requiere, el conocimiento de sí mismo, para poder implementarlos en sus planes de estudio, de las propuestas de trabajo, de las competencias que debe desarrollar para alcanzar un buen desempeño lo cual le permitirá tomar las decisiones que considere de acuerdo a sus capacidades y aptitudes para ubicarse en el contexto social-laboral. La orientación vocacional y profesional adquieren un significado muy alto en las actividades académicas dando paso a adquirir estrategias en una comunicación educativa adecuada en estudiantes, siendo este el dinamismo que estas presentan para ir respondiendo a los cambios sociales, y que se reflejan en el ambito profesional, además porque se debe considerar el carácter solidario y humanista que encierra cualquiera de sus perfiles profesionales. Para esto se realiza un análisis teórico acerca de la orientación vocacional y profesional como estrategia en la comunicación educativa en el contexto de la formación profesional, de tal forma que hace énfasis de que dicho enfoque se ubica en la formación integral del individuo, expresado en las capacidades conceptuales, procedimentales y actitudinales que han de construirse en el estudiante para ser considerado una persona competitiva.
Recurso hidrico en peligro: Sistema Acuífero Guaraní
Authors: Rodriguez Facundo
Published: April 2021

Abordar Geopolítica hoy en Sudamérica, nos lleva a hablar sobre una temática relevante y crucial de cara al futuro inmediato, el Acuífero Guaraní (S. A. G.) uno de los reservorios de agua subterránea más grande del mundo, con aproximadamente 1.190.000 kilómetros cuadrados. Es compartido por cuatro países Brasil, Argentina, Paraguay y Uruguay. Hay una gran problemática a nivel mundial, la escasez de agua dulce en el planeta. El eje de esta investigación abordará este recurso natural no renovable y vital desde dos aspectos la protección ambiental y los tratados y acuerdos internacionales que rigen en la región.

Más de 1,4 billones de personas viven en cuencas hidrográficas, donde toda el agua dulce, está comprometida o excesivamente comprometidas, casi el 80% de la población mundial habita en zonas donde las aguas de las cuencas están amenazadas, exhibiendo un riesgo inminente para el uso y consumo humano.

Desde la óptica ambiental el acuífero Guaraní, se encuentra con dos severos inconvenientes, en primer medida la contaminación del agua, por distintos motivos que ponen en grave peligro al ecosistema y segundo, la extracción por bombeo es mayor a la cantidad de agua que ingresa en las recargas. El acuífero ha llevado millones de años en formarse y ahora se ve en un serio riesgo.

Esta investigación intenta plantear dos ejes de discusión partiendo del concepto que el agua es un Recurso de Stock, y que es un vital elemento para el desarrollo de la vida humana, no solo para su consumo sino también para la producción industrial, agrícola, generación de energía, entre otros usos. Por un lado como reducir el impacto de la contaminación ambiental, la sustentabilidad del recurso, el acceso al agua potable de calidad e instalaciones sanitarias que son un derecho indispensable para el pleno gozo de la vida. Así mismo la otra preocupación radica en analizar si está lo adecuadamente protegido desde una perspectiva jurídica, con los tratados transfronterizos tanto en un contexto internacional, como las legislaturas nacionales y provinciales con los principios de dependencia multilateral.

Para ello tendremos que averiguar si cada uno de los países involucrados de manera individual o en conjunto como bloque regional, poseen los instrumentos necesarios, la capacidad para establecer la intervención, usufructo, y mantenimiento con normativas claras y adecuadas para garantizar a las futuras generaciones dicho recurso compartido por las cuatro naciones  sudamericanas.
Didáctica de los órganos del sistema digestivo en niños de 4 años. Importancia de una correcta evaluación inicial en educación infantil
Authors: Alonso Jose María Rabal , Gallego Laura Martínez
Published: April 2021

Desde nuestro punto de vista, resulta fundamental que desde edades tempranas los niños comiencen a conocer su cuerpo, las partes que lo forman y en concreto, tal y como muestra este trabajo,  los distintos sistemas, aunque nosotras nos centremos en el digestivo. El motivo por el que hemos elegido este sistema, es porque consideramos que su comprensión resulta más sencilla para los niños, dado que, manifiestan mayor curiosidad por diversos conceptos relacionados con el mismo.  Por otro lado, se trata de un tema que está presente en sus vidas, y que los pequeños ven de forma natural, frente a la opinión de algunos adultos que intentan censurarlo o tratarlo sin naturalidad. Consideramos que resulta positivo que determinados aspectos vinculados a este sistema como es el caso de la expulsión de residuos del cuerpo humano, se traten desde un comienzo en la etapa educativa, ya que al iniciar sus estudios preescolares, generalmente, los alumnos todavía no tienen un total control de esfínteres. Además, existen otras concepciones sobre este sistema que pueden resultar más familiares para el alumnado, aunque no lleguen a comprender del todo qué es, cómo en el caso del estómago.