bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Lipophilic Drugs and
Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Bhatia Tanuja , Gupta Ghanshyam Das , Kurmi Balak Das , Singh Dilpreet
Published: August 2022

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an uncommon condition marked by elevated pulmonary artery pressure that leads to right ventricular failure. The majority of drugs are now been approved by FDA for PAH, however, several biopharmaceutical hindrances lead to failure of the therapy. Various novel drug delivery systems are available in the literature from which lipid-based nanoparticles i.e. solid lipid nanoparticle is widely investigated for improving the solubility and bioavailability of drugs. In this paper, the prototype phytoconstituents used in pulmonary arterial hypertension have limited solubility and bioavailability. We highlighted the novel concepts of SLN for lipophilic phytoconstituents with their potential applications. This paper also reviews the present state of the art regarding production techniques for SLN like High-Pressure Homogenization, Micro-emulsion Technique, and Phase Inversion Temperature Method, etc. Furthermore, toxicity aspects and in vivo fate of SLN are also highlighted in this review. In a nutshell, safer delivery of phytoconstituents by SLN added a novel feather to the cap of successful drug delivery technologies
Importance of Afʻāl Nafsāniyya (Psychic Functions) in Survival of Individual:
A Review in Context of Unani Medicine
Authors: Tauleha Sayed , Zulkifle Mohammad , Ahmed Waqar
Published: August 2022

Background:

Every living creature needs special Afʻāl (functions) in order to stay alive. Therefore, as a result Afʻāl are the most important fundamental of the living body. Afʻāl are thought to be the principal target of an individual's existence. In terms of Afʻāl the two states of the body, Ṣiḥḥat and Maraḍ (health and sickness) are represented. All movements voluntary or involuntary, sensations, thoughts and memories are included in Afʻāl Nafsāniyya. Some psychic attributes are unique to humans whereas others are also exhibited by some higher species of animals and any brain function can be interfered to cause disease state.

Methods:

As much as literature was available regarding the same was collected, evaluated and summarised.

Results:

For the continuation and maintenance of life all faculties play their role, none of the faculty can keep the body completely functional through their own. Afʻāl Nafsāniyya (psychic functions) are performed by Quwā Nafsāniyya (psychic faculty). Afʻāl Nafsāniyya equip the body and protect it from hazards, thus plays an important role in survival of an individual.

Conclusion:

When Quwwat Nafsāniyya gets compromised, it affects Quwwat Haywāniyya (vital faculty) and Quwwat Ṭabī'iyya (natural faculty) making survival challenging and as a matter of fact, it may be stated that Afʻāl Nafsāniyya play a crucial part in the survival of species directly and in continuation of species indirectly. The motive of this paper is to explore the importance of Afʻāl Nafsāniyya (psychological functions) in survival of an individual.
Q-Marker: An Integrative Approach and Scientific Validation in the Indian System of Medicine
Authors: Sharma Alok , Akanksha  , Islam Atiqul , Singh Harjeet , Singh Amrat Pal
Published: August 2022

The prevalence of plant-based medicine has risen worldwide, not only as part of conventional treatment but also for health care management. The authenticity and quality of herbal medicines impact these medications' safety and effectiveness in clinical treatment. So, it is necessary to identify the chemical composition and quality of pharmacologically active ingredients in the plants as there is no pertinent data regarding the exact dose of the Herbal based medicine. Similarly, the Indian system of Medicine (ISM) based products may vary in composition and properties, and increasing reports of adverse reactions have drawn the attention of many regulatory agencies for the quality evaluation of traditional formulations. Moreover, ISM's quality control has always been an important domain, and its current quality standards have a complex effect to assure clinical efficacy. The Quality marker (Q-marker) technique is a new approach in Chinese traditional medicines to enhance and empower Chinese herbal drugs by focusing on each step of the plant processing from its growing phases to the marketed product formulation. The present review highlights the application of Q-marker and its tools for the establishment of quality standards of herbal drugs. Besides, this work also highlighted complies few Q-marker-based traditional Chinese medicines case studies. We expect that it would benefit the manufacturing process control and quality management of the Indian system of medicine. This work could provide a new direction for Q marker in the Indian system of medicine and contribute in the modernization and globalization of the Indian system of Medicine.
Formulation and Evaluation of Letrozole Nanosuspension By Probe
Sonication Method using Box-behnken Design
Authors: Sailaja Abbaraju Krishna , Alekhya Amand
Published: August 2022

Background:

Letrozole (LTZ), is an aromatase inhibitor used for the treatment of hormonally positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Letrozole is categorized as a BCS class I drug. It has poor water solubility, rapid metabolism and a range of side effects.

Objective:

Nanosuspension is a technique which enhances the drug's solubility and bioavailability, resulting in a faster start of effect. The present study was aimed, to formulate nanosuspension using probe sonication method for the enhancement of solubility of Letrozole using poloxamer-188 as stabilizer. The formulation scheme was generated by using Box-Behnken design which is a statistical tool of design of experiments (DOE).

Results:

Total seventeen formulations were performed for letrozole nanosuspension as suggested by Box-Behnken design by employing probe sonication method. The selected formulations are characterized for particle size and zeta potential. The formulations were checked on percentage of bias in between predicted value and observed value and evaluated for drug content and invitro dissolution study. The formulation was optimized using Box-Behnken design based on invitro cumulative drug release. Among all the formulations NS4 (500mg poloxamer-188, 100mg Letrozole and sonication time of 20mints) was considered to be best with minimum Particle size of 923.5nm, Zeta potential value of -28.7mV, 96.36% of drug content and 94.02% of drug release within 2 hours. Solubility was determined by shake flask method. The solubility of pure drug was found to be only 10%. The solubility studies were performed for the optimized formulation of NS4 showed that the solubility has enhanced up to 90% when compared to pure drug.

Conclusion:

Thus, the present results revealed that Letrozole nanosuspension solubility has enhanced up to 90% when compared to pure drug by using poloxamer-188 as stabilizer.
Epidemiology of COVID-19
Authors: Kumar Khatri Dharmendra , Sriram Anitha , Bhor Yojana , Mahajan Srushti , Kumar Rahul , Srivastava Saurabh , Bala Singh Shashi , Kumar Singh Pankaj
Published: August 2022

The epidemiology of COVID-19 infection will be understood by the
relationship between the intensity of action on public well-being and the rate of its
transmission control. The virus is a chemical substance that is vulnerable until it
invades the living body. The molecular assembly of the virus contains RNA genome
and proteins. When 2019-nCoV enters the host cell of the living body, it continues its
progeny by the replication process. It starts to make molecular assemblies for every
new virion produced through replication and transcription. Though the incubation time
is accounted for to range between 1 to 14 days, the median incubation period is 5 days.
According to a recent survey on COVID-19 patients, 80 percent of patients are
asymptomatic. This book chapter describes the life cycle and spread of 2019-nCoV,
CFR, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prevention of COVID-19.
Developments in Solar PV Cells, PV Panels, and PVT Systems
Authors: Deepak  , Srivastava Shubham , Panda Sampurna , Malvi C. S.
Published: August 2022

With the advancement in technology and manufacturing techniques,
various solar cell materials evolved, and their practical implementation led to
modification in the design and installation of photovoltaic panels. Different solar cells
are compared in this chapter considering their efficiency, performance, temperature
coefficient, etc. Developments in PV panel and photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems
are outlined with their respective applications and advantages. It was found that the
cost and efficiency of any solar cell are crucial parameters for deciding its
implementation in PV panels. Additionally, the solar panel's temperature deflates its
efficiency and lowers the thermal conversion. In order to overcome this problem, a
PV system was incorporated with different thermal storage materials and cooling
mediums, such as air, water, oil, fluids, etc., lowering the temperature of solar panels
and making them able to store the excess solar thermal energy to use it during the sunoff
period. It was concluded that thin solar cells, such as perovskite and DSSC solar
cells, are widely used where flexibility is important and thermal storage materials are
utilized with nanoparticles for better thermal efficiency.
“Chronic” Abdominal Pain in the Acute Setting: Functional Bowel Diseases, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Cancer-related Pain
Authors: KARCIOGLU Ozgur , YENİOCAK Selman , HOSSEINZADEH Mandana , Bahar SEZGIN Seckin
Published: August 2022

Chronic abdominal pain is a very common condition all over the world. Although not expected to present emergently, acute exacerbations of chronic pain or the slightest change that worsens the patient's condition (e.g, acute-onset diarrhea, vomiting, or loss of appetite) will trigger admissions to ED. Functional bowel diseases include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS, a.k.a. spastic colon), functional bloating, functional constipation, functional diarrhea, and unspecified functional bowel disorders. Epidemiologic, pathophysiologic and therapeutic studies of functional bowel diseases, employed the Rome Criteria with universal validity. Patients with malignancy can experience different types of cancer-related pain at any time during the disease process, perceived by the organs or systems involved.
Mixed Finite Element
Authors: Mo Wenhui
Published: August 2022

The parameters of the structure contain random variables and interval
variables. The Taylor expansion method and Neumann expansion method of random
interval finite element are proposed. The parameters of the structure are random and
fuzzy. Taylor expansion method and Neumann expansion method of the random
fuzzy finite element are illustrated. The parameters of the structure are random, fuzzy
and non-probabilistic. The mixed finite element calculation should be carried out
using Taylor expansion and Neumann expansion.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) Infiltrating the Skull Base: A Systematic Review of Clinical Characteristics and Management Strategies
Authors: BIN-ALAMER OTHMAN , HAIDER ALI S. , CHAUDHARY ADHIRAJ , BALASUBRAMANIAN KISHORE , BREEDING TESSA , PALMISCIANO PAOLO , HAIDER MARYAM , COHEN-GADOL AARON A. , EL AHMADIEH TAREK Y. , YU KENNY
Published: August 2022

Background/Aim: To systematically review the patient characteristics and management approaches of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) infiltrating the skull base. Materials and Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched to retrieve studies reporting management protocols and survival outcomes of patients with skull base ACCs. Patient characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes were investigated. Results: The review encompassed 17 studies involving 171 patients, with a female predominance (57.9%) and a mean age of 49±7.12 years. ACCs mostly infiltrated the paranasal sinus (22.2%), cavernous sinus (8.8%), and nasopharynx (7.1%). Perineural invasion was reported in 6.4% of cases. Facial pain, nasal obstruction, and facial paresthesia were the most common symptoms. Surgical resection (45.6%) was favored over biopsy (12.2%). Employing the free flap technique (4.7%), surgical reconstruction of the bony defect after resection was performed using abdominal and anterior thigh muscle grafts in 1.8% of patients each. As adjuvant management, 22.8% of cases had radiotherapy and 14.6% received chemotherapy. Recurrence of skull base ACCs occurred in 26.9% of cases during a mean follow up-time of 30.8±1.8 months. Conclusion: Skull base ACCs pose a surgical challenge mainly due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures and aggressive behavior. Surgical resection and radiotherapy are shown to be safe and effective treatment modalities. The dismal prognosis and limited data on non-surgical strategies highlight the need for further evaluation of the current management paradigm and upraising innovative therapies to improve patient mortality and quality of life.
KRAS Promoter Methylation Status and miR-18a-3p and miR-143 Expression in Patients With Wild-type KRAS Gene in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: HERRERA-PULIDO JEHISON ALIRIO , GUERRERO ORLANDO RICAURTE , FORERO JINNETH ACOSTA , MORENO-ACOSTA PABLO , ROMERO-ROJAS ALFREDO , SANABRIA CAROLINA , HERNÁNDEZ GUSTAVO , SERRANO MARTHA LUCÍA
Published: August 2022

Background/Aim: Although some mutations of KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (KRAS) have been associated with the prognosis and therapeutic management of colorectal cancer (CRC), the epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation and microRNA expression) that regulate wild-type KRAS expression in patients with CRC are poorly known. The aim of this study was to establish whether there is a relationship between the expression of the wild-type KRAS gene, the methylation status of its distal promoter, and miR-143 and miR-18a-3p levels in samples of sporadic CRC. Patients and Methods: A total of 51 cases of sporadic CRC with wild-type KRAS were analyzed. The expression levels of KRAS mRNA, miR-18a-3p, miR-143, and KRAS protein, as well as methylation in the distal promoter of the KRAS gene were evaluated. Results: In the analyzed cases, KRAS mRNA expression was detected in 51.1%; wild-type KRAS protein was found in the membrane in 31.4% and in the cytoplasm in 98% of cases. An inverse relationship of marginal significance was observed between miR-18a-3p and KRAS protein expression in the cytoplasm (odds ratio=0.14, 95% confidence interval=0.012-1.092; p=0.08). The methylation status of the distal promoter of KRAS at four CpG islands was analyzed in 30 cases (58.8%): partial methylation of the four CpG islands evaluated was observed in two cases (6.7%). In these cases, KRAS protein expression was not evidenced at the membrane level; miR-18a-3p expression was not detected either but high expression of miR-143 was observed. Conclusion: No association was found between the expression levels of KRAS mRNA, miR-18a-3p, miR-143 and methylation status. Methylation status was detected with low frequency, thus being the first report of methylation in wild-type KRAS.
Prognostic Significance of Low HER2 Expression in Patients With Metastatic Hormone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer Treated With First Line CDK4/6 Inhibitors: A Greek Multicenter Real-world Data Analysis
Authors: DOUGANIOTIS GEORGE , KESISIS GEORGE , LALLA EFTHALIA , KORANTZIS IPPOKRATIS , BOUKOVINAS IOANNIS , PAPAZISIS KONSTANTINOS
Published: August 2022

Background/Aim: Low expression of HER2 has defined a new “HER2-low” subgroup of breast cancer with distinct clinicopathological characteristics and both prognostic and predictive implications. The impact of low HER2 expression in metastatic hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer treated with first-line CDK4/6 inhibitors has not been studied. Using real-world patient data, we aimed to identify prognostic differences in this patient population according to HER2 expression with immunohistochemistry. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 191 patients from 5 Oncology Department databases in Thessaloniki, Greece, with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors in the first line, for whom detailed immunohistochemical HER2 data could be retrieved. Results: Median progression-free survival was numerically different among the different HER2 subgroups (3.35 years for HER2 0 tumors, 2.18 years for HER2 +1 tumors, 1.74 years for HER2 +2/ISH-negative tumors), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.477). Median PFS was statistically significantly longer in patients without visceral metastases (5.45 years) compared to patients with visceral metastases (1.61 years) (p=0.017). Median PFS was also statistically significantly longer in patients taking an aromatase inhibitor (2.99 years) compared to patients taking fulvestrant (1.33 years) (p<0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences in the other subgroups examined. Conclusion: CDK4/6 inhibitors are equally effective as first-line treatment agents, regardless of the exact level of HER2 expression. Numerical differences, however, do exist among the different HER2 subgroups, and merit further evaluation in future studies to better study this phenomenon.
Вязкое течение двухкомпонентной электронной жидкости в магнитном поле
Authors: Алексеев П.С.
Published: August 2022

Viscous flow of two-component electron fluid in a magnetic field

P. S. Alekseev

Ioffe Institute,
Politekhnicheskaya 26, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia

Abstract

In pure conductors with a low density of defects, frequent electron-electron collisions can lead to the formation of a viscous fluid consisting of conduction electrons. In this work, is studied magnetotransport in a viscous fluid consisting of two types of electrons, for which some of their parameters are different. The difference between such system and the one-component electron fluid is as follows. The scattering of electrons with their transitions from one component to another can lead to an imbalance in flows and concentrations, which affects the flow as a whole. In this work, the balance transport equations for such a system are constructed and solved for the case of a long sample with rough edges. The equation for the flow of the unbalance value towards the edges contains the bulk viscosity term. It is shown that in sufficiently wide samples, the transformation of particles into each other during scattering leads to the formation of a single viscous fluid flowing as a whole, while in narrow samples the two components flow as two independent fluids. The width of the sample at which this transition occurs is determined by the internal parameters of the fluid and the magnitude of magnetic field. The distributions of the flow of the fluid components over a sample cross section and the magnetoresistance of a sample are calculated. The latter turns out to be positive and saturating, corresponding to the transition with increasing of magnetic field from independent Poiseuille flows of the two components to the Poiseuille flow of a uniform fluid.
Поверхностно-излучающие квантово-каскадные лазеры с дифракционной решеткой, сформированной методом прямой ионной литографии
Authors: Бабичев А.В. , Михайлов Д.А. , Колодезный Е.С. , Гладышев А.Г. , Вознюк Г.В. , Митрофанов М.И. , Денисов Д.В. , Слипченко С.О. , Лютецкий А.В. , Дюделев В.В. , Евтихиев В.П. , Карачинский Л.Я. , Новиков И.И. , Соколовский Г.С. , Пихтин Н.А. , Егоров А.Ю.
Published: August 2022

The results of studies of 7.5–8.0 μm range surface-emitting ring quantum-cascade lasers are presented. A second-order diffraction grating with a calculated coupling coefficient of ~ 9 cm-1 is formed on the entire surface of the ring cavity by focused ion beam milling. Surface-emitting lasing at room temperature near 7.75 μm with a threshold current density of ~ 8 kA/cm2 and an outer radius of the ring cavity of 202 μm is demonstrated. The results of studying the intensity distribution in the far-field near the normal to the surface showed the presence of two maxima. It is shown that the implemented coupling coefficient is not sufficient to ensure single-mode lasing in the studied ring quantum-cascade lasers.
Newly Simple Quantitative Determination of Montelukast Sodium by Ultraviolet-Spectrophotometry
Authors: Fattah Aziz Dlivan , Ismail Khalil Yehia
Published: August 2022

Montelukast sodium is well known pharmaceutically for its action as leukotriene antagonist and reliving symptoms associated with asthma is available in the market as tablet, chewable tablet, and powder. The aim of this study was to develop newly simple selective ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV) method for daily routine analysis of quality control department. The UV method was developed with wavelength at 287.0 nm. This newly developed method was effectively applied to tablet dosage form of the motelukast sodium follow the Beer’s Lamberts at range 2.5–50 μg/mL. The validated parameters were carryout such as linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity. The result of validation statistically studied and found to be satisfactory.
Web-Based System Navigation Database to Support Equitable Access to Assistive Technology: Usability Testing Study
Authors: Jarvis Tamika , Mah Allison M L , Wang Rosalie H , Wilson Michael G
Published: August 2022

Background

Assistive technology (AT) can contribute to how individuals participate and engage in everyday activities, such as communication and mobility, and facilitates access to the services they require. Navigating Canada’s AT system has been described as fragmented and complex, presenting barriers for individuals who require AT, caregivers, and health service providers. AccessATCanada was developed as a centralized web-based resource to help support access to AT by providing information about the existing jurisdictional funding programs and services.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the usability of AccessATCanada by gathering feedback about its features, functionality, and areas of strength and opportunity from potential end users.

Methods

A usability testing study using a think-aloud approach and semistructured interviews was conducted to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of and user satisfaction with AccessATCanada and to identify issues with the interface during end-user interaction. A qualitative thematic analysis was used to generate insights into and core themes about user experiences. User feedback was used to inform subsequent updates of the database with the goal of enhancing website friendliness and functionality before its official launch.

Results

A total of 10 participants (6 consumers, 1 caregiver, and 3 providers) participated in the usability testing study. The usability performance and scores tended to improve between the 2 testing cycles. Most participants were able to successfully complete all the tasks independently. The efficiency scores tended to improve as the users continued to engage with the interface. The website received an overall System Usability Score of 62.22, which was ranked as “OK/fair to good.” The users provided an overall positive evaluation of the beta version of the web-based resource tested over 2 cycles and helped to identify areas for improvement. They commented on the functionality and added value of the website, discovery of new programs and resources, and design aesthetics. Most usability issues were reported as minor challenges related to presentation, functionality, and language, and feedback was adopted into later iterations of the website.

Conclusions

This study provides reflections on the value of usability testing and elements that are key to the creation of user-centered resources, such as the inclusion of participants with various abilities and considerations regarding website design and accessibility in an increasingly web-based world. AccessATCanada is now part of a growing global response to expand the reach of AT programs and services, improve the equity of access to AT, and reduce the complexity of navigating AT systems.
Oral Health Coaches at Well-Baby Clinics to Promote Oral Health in Preschool Children From the First Erupted Tooth: Protocol for a Multisite, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: van Spreuwel Peggy C J M , Jerković-Ćosić Katarina , van Loveren Cor , van der Heijden Geert J M G
Published: August 2022

Background

Early childhood caries is considered one of the most prevalent diseases in childhood, affecting almost half of preschool-age children globally. In the Netherlands, approximately one-third of children aged 5 years already have dental caries, and dental care providers experience problems reaching out to these children.

Objective

Within the proposed trial, we aim to test the hypothesis that, compared to children who receive usual care, children who receive the Toddler Oral Health Intervention as add-on care will have a reduced cumulative caries incidence and caries incidence density at the age of 48 months.

Methods

This pragmatic, 2-arm, individually randomized controlled trial is being conducted in the Netherlands and has been approved by the Medical Ethics Research Board of University Medical Center Utrecht. Parents with children aged 6 to 12 months attending 1 of the 9 selected well-baby clinics are invited to participate. Only healthy children (ie, not requiring any form of specialized health care) with parents that have sufficient command of the Dutch language and have no plans to move outside the well-baby clinic region are eligible. Both groups receive conventional oral health education in well-baby clinics during regular well-baby clinic visits between the ages of 6 to 48 months. After concealed random allocation of interventions, the intervention group also receives the Toddler Oral Health Intervention from an oral health coach. The Toddler Oral Health Intervention combines behavioral interventions of proven effectiveness in caries prevention. Data are collected at baseline, at 24 months, and at 48 months. The primary study endpoint is cumulative caries incidence for children aged 48 months, and will be analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. For children aged 48 months, the balance between costs and effects of the Toddler Oral Health Intervention will be evaluated, and for children aged 24 months, the effects of the Toddler Oral Health Intervention on behavioral determinants, alongside cumulative caries incidence, will be compared.

Results

The first parent-child dyads were enrolled in June 2017, and recruitment was finished in June 2019. We enrolled 402 parent-child dyads.

Conclusions

All follow-up interventions and data collection will be completed by the end of 2022, and the trial results are expected soon thereafter. Results will be shared at international conferences and via peer-reviewed publication.

Trial Registration

Netherlands Trial Register NL8737; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL8737

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/39683
Big Data and Infectious Disease Epidemiology: Bibliometric Analysis and Research Agenda (Preprint)
Authors: Amusa Lateef Babatunde , Twinomurinzi Hossana , Phalane Edith , Phaswana-Mafuya Refilwe Nancy
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Infectious diseases represent a major challenge for health systems worldwide. With the recent global pandemic of COVID-19, the need to research strategies to treat these health problems has become even more pressing. Although the literature on big data and data science in health has grown rapidly, few studies have synthesized these individual studies, and none has identified the utility of big data in infectious disease surveillance and modeling.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to synthesize research and identify hotspots of big data in infectious disease epidemiology.

METHODS

Bibliometric data from 3054 documents that satisfied the inclusion criteria retrieved from the Web of Science database over 22 years (2000-2022) were analyzed and reviewed. The search retrieval occurred on October 17, 2022. Bibliometric analysis was performed to illustrate the relationships between research constituents, topics, and key terms in the retrieved documents.

RESULTS

The bibliometric analysis revealed internet searches and social media as the most utilized big data sources for infectious disease surveillance or modeling. The analysis also placed US and Chinese institutions as leaders in this research area. Disease monitoring and surveillance, utility of electronic health (or medical) records, methodology framework for infodemiology tools, and machine/deep learning were identified as the core research themes.

CONCLUSIONS

Proposals for future studies are made based on these findings. This study will provide health care informatics scholars with a comprehensive understanding of big data research in infectious disease epidemiology.
Suicide Prevention Using Google Ads: Randomized Controlled Trial Measuring Engagement (Preprint)
Authors: Onie Sandersan , Berlinquette Patrick , Holland Sarah , Livingstone Nicola , Finemore Coco , Gale Nyree , Elder Emma , Laggis George , Heffernan Cassandra , Armstrong Susanne Oliver , Theobald Adam , Josifovski Natasha , Torok Michelle , Shand Fiona , Larsen Mark
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Studies have shown that individuals may search for suicide-related terms on the internet prior to an attempt.

OBJECTIVE

Thus, across 2 studies, we investigated engagement with an advertisement campaign designed to reach individuals contemplating suicide.

METHODS

First, we designed the campaign to focus on crisis, running a campaign for 16 days in which crisis-related keywords would trigger an ad and landing page to help individuals find the national suicide hotline number. Second, we expanded the campaign to also help individuals contemplating suicide, running the campaign for 19 days with a wider range of keywords through a co-designed website with a wider range of offerings (eg, lived experience stories).

RESULTS

In the first study, the ad was shown 16,505 times and was clicked 664 times (4.02% click rate). There were 101 calls to the hotline. In the second study, the ad was shown 120,881 times and clicked 6227 times (5.15% click rate); of these 6227 clicks, there were 1419 (22.79%) engagements with the site, a substantially higher rate than the industry average of 3%. The number of clicks on the ad was high despite a suicide hotline banner likely being present.

CONCLUSIONS

Search advertisements are a quick, far-reaching, and cost-efficient way of reaching those contemplating suicide and are needed despite suicide hotline banners being present.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12623000084684; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=385209
INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL SILENCE ON EMOTIONAL LABOUR AMONG NURSES
Authors: KAYA Buket , ÜNALAN Demet
Published: August 2022

Aim: In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of organizational silence level on emotional labour in nurses. Method: In the study prepared for this purpose, 950 nurses working at Erciyes University Health Practice and Research Center constituted the target population of the research. The study sample has calculated as 274 people with a 5% margin of error in the 95% confidence interval. The sample group consisted of 250 (91.2%) nurses selected by a simple random sampling method.Findings: As a result of the findings, a statistically significant relationship between the emotional labor behavior subscales of nurses and the organizational silence subscales was found to be very weak in a positive way between the acquiescent silence scale and the variables of surface acting, deep acting, emotional effort and suppression of real emotions.Results: Our study reveals the positive effect of organizational silence on the emotional labor in nurses. When we examined the average of the organizational silence scale subscales and emotional labor scale subscales, we saw that nurses obtained the highest score from the prosocial silence subscale and the lowest from the defensive silence subscale of the organizational silence scale. Nurses received the highest score from the emotional effort subscale and the weakest from the deep acting subscale of the emotional labor scale. We found a statistically significant difference between the proactive silence subscale of the organizational silence scale and the age group (p<0.05). The average value of the forceful silence subscale of those aged 51 and above was significantly higher than those aged 20 – 35. The average value of the proactive silence subscale of those working in the profession for 22 years and above was significantly higher than the average value of the forceful silence subscale of those working in the job between 0 – 10 years.
Feature Selection Based on Multi-Filters for Classification of Mammogram Images to Look for Signs of Breast Cancer
Authors: ‘Uyun Shofwatul
Published: August 2022

The accuracy of classification results on mammogram images has a significant role in breast cancer diagnosis. Therefore, many stages consider finding the model has a high level of accuracy and minimizing the computing load, one of which is the accuracy in using the best feature. This needs to be prioritized considering that mammogram image has many features resulting from the mammogram extraction process. Our research has four stages: feature extraction, feature selection-multi filters, classification, and performance evaluation. Thus, in this research, we propose algorithms that can select the features by utilizing multiple filters simultaneously on the filter model for feature selection of mammogram images based on multi-filters/FSbMF. There are six feature selection algorithms with a filter approach (information gain, rule, relief, correlation, gini index, and chi-square) used in this research. Based on the testing result using 10-fold cross-validation, the features resulting from the FSbMF algorithm have the best performance based on the accuracy, recall, and precision from 72,63%, 70,38%, 75,01% to be 100%. Furthermore, the number of resulting features is the minimum because it results from intersection operation from the feature subsets resulting from the multi-filter.
Mass Classification of Breast Cancer Using CNN and Faster R-CNN Model Comparison
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Yudhana Anton , WindraPutri Anggi Rizky
Published: August 2022

Threat of breast cancer is a frightening type and threatens the female population worldwide. Early detection is preventive solution to determine cancer diagnosis or tumors in the female breast area. Today, machine learning technology in managing medical images has become an innovative trend in the health sector. This technology can accelerate diagnosing disease based on the acquisition of accuracy values. The primary purpose of this research is to innovate by comparing two deep learning models to build a prediction system for early-stage breast cancer. This research utilizes Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) sequential models and Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) models that can determine the classification of normal or abnormal breast image data, which can determine the normal or abnormal classification of breast image. The dataset's source in this study came from the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS). This dataset consists of 322 mammogram data with 123 abnormal and 199 normal classes. The experimental results of this study show that the accuracy of the CNN and R-CNN models in image classification are 91.26% and 63.89%, respectively. Based on these results, the CNN sequential model has better accuracy than the Faster R-CNN model, because it does not require unique characteristics to detect breast cancer.
Segmentation of Facial Bones from Skull Point Clouds Based on Smoothed Deviation Angle
Authors: Ulinuha Masy Ari , Yuniarno Eko Mulyanto , Purnama I Ketut Eddy , Hariadi Mochamad
Published: August 2022

The human skull was the subject of study in various fields. Segmentation could be a basic tool for better understanding the skull. One of the most challenging tasks was facial bone segmentation. Our previous study had succeeded in segmenting facial bones from skull point clouds, however the quality of the results needed to be improved. In this paper, we proposed a new method to improve the results of facial bone segmentation from skull point clouds. The method consists of three stages: deviation angle extraction, smoothing, and thresholding. Each point in the point cloud was assigned a value based on the deviation angle. These values then went through a smoothing process to clarify the differences between the facial bone region and other regions. Next, thresholding was performed to divide the skull into two regions, namely facial bone and non-facial bone. The proposed method had succeeded in improving the quality of the segmentation results by achieving precision=0.931, recall=0.9854, and F=0.9573.
The Mediating Effects of Self-Encouragement in the Relationship between Internalized Shame and Speech Anxiety in Senior Elementary School Students
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Na-dam , Ahn Taeyong
Published: August 2022

Objectives This study attempted to investigate the mediating effects of self-encouragement through the relationship between internalized shame and speech anxiety in senior elementary school using a structural equation model based on the previous research findings related to speech anxiety and provide implications for reducing speech anxiety. Methods For this purpose, a questionnaire was conducted on 294 students in grades 5 and 6 of elementary schools located in P city. The subjects performed the Speech Anxiety Scale(Lim, 1994) and, Internalized Shame Scale(ISS)(Cook, 1987), Self-encouragement Scale(Kim & Oh, 2010). The relationship between the variables was analyzed through the path analysis model. Results The results of the analysis are as follows. First, it is shown that there is a significant correlation between the variables used in this study. A significant static correlation between internalized shame and speech anxiety was shown, and a significant inadequate correlation between internalized shame and self-encouragement was shown. Self-encouragement was also significantly related to speech anxiety. Second, there was a partial mediating effect of self-encouragement on the effect of internalized shame on speech anxiety. In other words, it was found that the higher the internalized shame, the lower the level of self-encouragement, but the higher the level of self-encouragement, the lower the level of speech anxiety. Conclusions Although internalized shame on speech anxiety is still significant, the results of this study provide implications for ways to alleviate speech anxiety through the promotion of self-encouragement skills.
Analysis of Major Books Related to Child Observation and Behavior Research: Focusing on play observation
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Sung Young-hwa
Published: August 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze major books related to child observation and behavioral research that help pre-service early childhood teacher to develop basic knowledge necessary for observing young children. Methods In this study, 20 major books related to child observation and behavior research published from August 2019 to August 2021 were analyzed. The selected major books were systematically analyzed according to subjects, and play observations. The collected analysis data were analyzed for frequency using an Excel program. Results In the subjects of major books, basic concepts such as concepts, necessity, and purpose were dealt with in relation to child observation. In addition, the subjects of the major books included understanding child observation, types of child observation, and methods of child observation. On the other hand, some major books did not cover understanding child behavior research, types of child behavior research, and methods of child behavior research. As a result of analyzing the contents of observation of play, the observation of young children was presented rather than observation of infants at the age of play. In the play space, all major books suggested observation of indoor free play. In the indoor play by interest area, both infants and young children were able to see dramatic play area and block play area. The play observation methods were mainly anecdotal records and timetable method. Conclusions As the importance of observation, including early childhood play, has grown in early childhood education institutions, this study was proposed a direction for the composition of major books related to child observation and behavioral research.
A qualitative case study of the experience of participating in problem based learning(PBL)-based play evaluation practice training for preparatory play therapists
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Oh ji hyun , Park ji seon , Kim ji youn
Published: August 2022

Objectives This study was conducted to explore its potential as the training method by implementing PBL-based play evaluation practice training for preparatory play therapists, and to discover the significance of the play therapy training process to provide basic data on the training direction of preparatory therapists. Methods In this study, three first-year students participated, a master's program in child counseling and play therapy. A PBL-based play evaluation practice training was conducted for a total of 12 sessions, all training was recorded, and two focus group and individual interviews were conducted before and after the training. The collected data were analyzed within and between cases according to the framework of multi-case study analysis proposed by Creswell(2013). Results 5 in-case topics reflecting their experiences were derived through PBL-based play evaluation practice training by prospective play therapists, and 4 topics, 9 categories, and 38 subcategories were identified in the case-to-case analysis. First, the research participants were lost and continued to wander through a process of questioning that had no correct answers. Second, the role of the professor differed in the learning experience of the research participants. Third, there was a difference in the team learning experience of the research participants. Fourth, the PBL-based training allowed participants to practice play evaluation interpretation and case conceptualization before beginning their play therapy practice and supervision practice. Conclusions This study is significant in that it conducted play evaluation training using PBL as a pre-practice training method for preparatory play therapists and explored in detail the confusion, conflict, and change processes experienced by the participants. In addition, from a reflective practice perspective, we affirmed the importance of the educational expertise of professor and play therapy supervisors.
Effects of grit, empathy, and awareness of the nursing profession on clinical performance of nursing students
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Kyoung Nam
Published: August 2022

Objectives This descriptive study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the grit, empathy and awareness of the nursing profession on clinical performance of nursing students. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 192 nursing college students attending 2 university. In this study, it was measured grit, empathy and awareness of the nursing profession and clinical performance. The data of this study were analyzed by means of SPSS WIN 20.0 program, mean and standard deviation, pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results There were significant positive correlation between the clinical performance of nursing college students was grit(r=.241, p=.001) and among empathy abilities, imaging(r=.336, p<.001), taking a perspective(r=.272, p<.001), emphathic interest(r=.338, p<.001), personal stress(r=.435, p<.001), were positively correlated awareness of the nursing profession(r=.479, p<.001) positive correlation. The influencing factors affecting the clinical performance of the study subjects were nursing job awareness, personal stress among empathic abilities, empathic interest, imagining, and grit. The explanatory power of these variables for clinical performance was 37.3%. Conclusions Therefore, in order to enhance the clinical performance ability of nursing students, the level of awareness of the nursing profession, empathy and grit are important. It is necessary to develop awareness of the nursing profession and empathy for the subject in the curriculum of the nursing department at university. It is suggested to develop teaching-learning methods and educational programs that develop grit competency.
Exploring the Emotions Experienced by Elementary School Students During the COVID-19 Era: By Applying the Photovoice Research Method
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Jin Young Hak , Oh Young Beom
Published: August 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the emotions of elementary school students experiencing the COVID-19 era. Methods For this purpose, the researchers applied the Photovoice method to three classes of 6th graders who attended elementary school for nearly two years during the era of COVID-19. and explored their emotions. This study was conducted according to the research procedure of identification, invitation, education, documentation, narration, ideation, presentation, and confirmation as noted by Latz(2017). The analysis of the collected data was carried out according to these three steps: coding, classification, and topic discovery. Results The predominant emotions of elementary school students experiencing COVID-19 were found to be fear, depression, anger, and sadness. If we look at the meaning of each emotion specifically, the following four themes were derived through data analysis; fear of invisible entities(fear), stuffy daily life in a mask(depression), prolongation of daily life that cannot be denied(anger), and isolation created by severed or strained relationships (sadness). Conclusions This study is expected to provide not only a diagnostic function of recognizing the emotions of elementary school students living in Korea during the era of COVID-19, but also the scalability of finding alternatives to problems and contemplating policy connections.