bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Intrinsic Activity of Pt‐Group Electrocatalysts for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation: Best Practices and Benchmarking Parameters
Authors: Eid Kamel
Published: March 2024

Pt‐group elements are the state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for various fuel cells. However, their CO‐poising is a critical hitch for large‐scale applications, so the researchers are exerting huge efforts to solve this issue. The exponentially increasing attention in this field pressures the researchers to publish their findings quickly, leading to unavoidable flawed evaluation parameters for the intrinsic activity of electrocatalysts. The CO oxidation (COOxid) is highly sensitive to various factors. Thus, it is urgent to afford a deeper understanding of the inherent COOxid activity of state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts and adopt accurate guidelines for researchers to test, optimize, and compare their electrocatalysts. This review provides exactitude in the evaluation and precise assessment of the key descriptors related to electrocatalysts (i. e., effect of both size, shape, and support) and CO oxidation (i. e., effect of electrolyte, working electrode, and CO surface diffusion). This is besides the fundamental aspects (i. e., COOxid Process, mechanism, measurements, calculations, thermodynamics, and kinetics). Various experimental results from our group and others besides in‐situ analysis were provided to support our deep discussion. Finally, we provide a brief synopsis of the relevant milestones of the up‐to‐date challenges and perspectives.
The Role of Alkalis in Orchestrating Uranyl‐Peroxide Reactivity Leading to Direct Air Capture of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Arteaga Ana , Arino Trevor , Moore Guy C. , Bustos Jenna L. , Horton Matthew K. , Persson Kristin A. , Li Jun , Stickle William F. , Kohlgruber Tsuyoshi A. , Surbella Robert G. , Nyman May
Published: March 2024

Spectator ions have known and emerging roles in aqueous metal‐cation chemistry, respectively directing solubility, speciation, and reactivity. Here, we isolate and structurally characterize the last two metastable members of the alkali uranyl triperoxide series, the Rb+ and Cs+ salts (Cs‐U1 and Rb‐U1). We document their rapid solution polymerization via small‐angle X‐ray scattering, which is compared to the more stable Li+, Na+ and K+ analogues. To understand the role of the alkalis, we also quantify alkali‐hydroxide promoted peroxide deprotonation and decomposition, which generally exhibits increasing reactivity with increasing alkali size. Cs‐U1, the most unstable of the uranyl triperoxide monomers, undergoes ambient direct air capture of CO2 in the solid‐state, converting to Cs4[UVIO2(CO3)3], evidenced by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. We have attempted to benchmark the evolution of Cs‐U1 to uranyl tricarbonate, which involves a transient, unstable hygroscopic solid that contains predominantly pentavalent uranium, quantified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Powder X‐ray diffraction suggests this intermediate state contains a hydrous derivative of CsUVO3, where the parent phase has been computationally predicted, but not yet synthesized.
Incorporation of Carboxylate Pendant Arms into 18‐Membered Macrocycles: Effects on [nat/203Pb]Pb(II) Complexation
Authors: Harriswangler Charlene , McNeil Brooke L. , Brandariz Isabel , Valencia Laura , Esteban‐Gómez David , Ramogida Caterina F. , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos
Published: March 2024

We present a detailed investigation on the coordination chemistry of [nat/203Pb]Pb(II) with chelators H4PYTA and H4CHX‐PYTA. These chelators belong to the family of ligands derived from the 18‐membered macrocyclic backbone PYAN and present varying degrees of rigidity due to the presence of either ethyl or cyclohexyl spacers. A complete study of the stable Pb(II) complexes is carried out via NMR, X‐Ray crystallography, stability constant determination and computational studies. While these studies indicated that Pb(II) complexation is achieved, and the thermodynamic stability of the resulting complexes is very high, a certain degree of fluxionality does exist in both cases. Nevertheless, radiolabeling studies were carried out using SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) compatible isotope lead‐203 (203Pb, t1/2=51.9 h), and while both chelators complex the radioisotope, the incorporation of carboxylate pendant arms appears to be detrimental towards the stability of the complexes when compared to the previously described amide analogues. Additionally, incorporation of a cyclohexyl spacer does not improve the kinetic inertness of the system.
An Assembly of Pyrano[3,2‐b]indol‐2‐ones via NHC‐Catalyzed [3 + 3] Annulation of Indolin‐3‐ones with Ynals†
Authors: Wang Xia , Zhang Shulei , Wang Shao‐Jie , An Hao , Xin Xiaolan , Lin Haonan , Tu Zhifeng , Lu Shenci
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive Summary

We report herein an unprecedented N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed formal [3 + 3] annulation of ynals with N‐Ts indolin‐3‐ones under the oxidation condition affording the functionalized pyrano[3,2‐b]indol‐2‐ones. The alkynyl acylazoliums via the combination of a carbene with ynals in the presence of oxidate proved to be the important intermediates for the success of this transformation. This method features a broad substrate scope and mild conditions, including axially chiral skeletons with suitable substitutions.
Asymmetrical multi‐level inverter by using space vector pulse width modulation technique for low and medium power applications
Authors: Sahoo Rajanikanta , Roy Molay
Published: March 2024

A DC to AC converter is developed in this paper. This proposes a single‐phase five‐level inverter is developed in such a way that one DC source is used. The structure of the inverter is modular and the capacitor has self‐voltage balancing capability, which eliminates the need for sensors or an additional control loop. This paper presents the schematic diagram of the proposed topology, principle of operation, and the concepts of sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) for single‐phase and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for three‐phase. To further prove the advantage, power loss, and parameter computations are calculated mathematically. Low‐voltage stress is achieved in the proposed topology because the blocking voltages of all the switches are constrained to the input voltage. A comparison table is presented between SPWM and SVPWM schemes in three‐phase inverter. The proposed asymmetrical five‐level configuration setup is constructed, and experiments are performed inside the laboratory. The controller of the converter has been implemented in the field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. In order to confirm the viability of the suggested topology, experimental results are provided for single‐phase arrangement. By using the FPGA platform, real‐time implementation is done for a three‐phase inverter topology.
Sexually transmitted mutualist nematodes shape host growth across dung beetle species
Authors: Burdine Levi W. , Moczek Armin P. , Rohner Patrick T.
Published: March 2024

Many symbionts are sexually transmitted and impact their host's development, ecology, and evolution. While the significance of symbionts that cause sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is relatively well understood, the prevalence and potential significance of the sexual transmission of mutualists remain elusive. Here, we study the effects of sexually transmitted mutualist nematodes on their dung beetle hosts. Symbiotic Diplogastrellus monhysteroides nematodes are present on the genitalia of male and female Onthophagus beetles and are horizontally transmitted during mating and vertically passed on to offspring during oviposition. A previous study indicates that the presence of nematodes benefits larval development and life history in a single host species, Onthophagus taurus. However, Diplogastrellus nematodes can be found in association with a variety of beetle species. Here, we replicate these previous experiments, assess whether the beneficial effects extend to other host species, and test whether nematode‐mediated effects differ between male and female host beetles. Rearing three relatively distantly related dung beetle species with and without nematodes, we find that the presence of nematodes benefits body size, but not development time or survival across all three species. Likewise, we found no difference in the benefit of nematodes to male compared to female beetles. These findings highlight the role of sexually transmitted mutualists in the evolution and ecology of dung beetles.
Rewilding soil and litter invertebrates and fungi increases decomposition rates and alters detritivore communities
Authors: Contos Peter , Murphy Nicholas P. , Kayll Zachary J. , Morgan Tamara , Vido Joshua J. , Decker Orsi , Gibb Heloise
Published: March 2024

Habitat degradation and associated reductions in ecosystem functions can be reversed by reintroducing or ‘rewilding’ keystone species. Rewilding projects have historically targeted restoration of processes such as grazing regimes or top‐down predation effects. Few projects focus on restoring decomposition efficiency, despite the pivotal role decomposition plays in global carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling. Here, we tested whether rewilding entire communities of detritivorous invertebrates and fungi can improve litter decomposition efficiency and restore detritivore communities during ecological restoration. Rewilding was conducted by transplanting leaf litter and soil, including associated invertebrate and fungal communities from species‐rich remnant sites into species‐poor, and geographically isolated, revegetated farmland sites in a temperate woodland region of southeastern Australia. We compared communities in sites under the following treatments: remnant (conservation area and source of litter transplant), rewilded revegetation (revegetated farmland site with litter transplant) and control revegetation (revegetated site, no transplant). In one ‘before’ and three ‘after’ sampling periods, we measured litter decomposition and the abundance and diversity of detritivorous invertebrates and fungi. We quantified the effect of detritivores on the rate of litter decomposition using piecewise Structural Equation Modelling. Decomposition was significantly faster in rewilding sites than in both control and remnant areas and was largely driven by a greater abundance of invertebrate detritivores. Similarly, the abundance of invertebrate detritivores in rewilding revegetation sites exceeded the level of remnant communities, whereas there was little difference between control and remnant sites. In contrast, rewilding did not increase saprotrophic fungi relative abundance/diversity and there was no strong relationship between decomposition and fungal diversity. Our findings suggest the relatively simple act of transplanting leaf litter and soil can increase functional efficiency during restoration and alter community composition. Our methods may prove important across a range of contexts where other restoration methods have failed to restore ecosystem processes to pre‐degradation levels.
QAKA: A novel quantum authentication and key agreement (QAKA) protocol using quantum entanglement for secure communication among IoT devices
Authors: Chawla Diksha , Mehra Pawan Singh
Published: March 2024

The constant evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) concept involves the idea that all elements in the global network communication are reachable without the need for human intervention. In this context, the paramount concern is security, aiming to safeguard IoT communication against unauthorized access. According to the analysis, the security of the IoT communication framework relies on traditional cryptographic schemes like the RSA algorithm. Nevertheless, the latest developments in quantum computing and information processing pose a significant threat to these established schemes. Motivated by this fact, in this article, we proposed a novel quantum authentication and key agreement (QAKA) protocol that provides unconditional security against any classical and futuristic quantum threats. Our protocol ensures secure key agreement and mutual authentication based on quantum hashing with quantum passwords and quantum key distribution. The proposed scheme utilizes quantum teleportation and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states for secure data transfer among entities. Our work is simulated using the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool to prove our protocol's formal correctness and security. The Burrows, Abadi, and Needham logic is applied to prove the goal of our protocol. Random oracle model for formal security analysis is presented in our work. Our protocol is also informally analyzed, considering the characteristics such as correctness, security against repudiation and the impossibility of cloning. The proposed protocol is compared with the related protocols in terms of various security features such as replay attacks, man‐in‐middle attacks and futuristic quantum attacks. Finally, the performance of the proposed protocol is presented, revealing superior efficacy when compared with classical authentication schemes and quantum protocols.
A scenario‐guided strategy for the future management of biological invasions
Authors: Roura‐Pascual Núria , Saul Wolf‐Christian , Pérez‐Granados Cristian , Rutting Lucas , Peterson Garry D , Latombe Guillaume , Essl Franz , Adriaens Tim , Aldridge David C , Bacher Sven , Bernardo‐Madrid Rubén , Brotons Lluís , Diaz François , Gallardo Belinda , Genovesi Piero , Golivets Marina , González‐Moreno Pablo , Hall Marcus , Kutlesa Petra , Lenzner Bernd , Liu Chunlong , Pagitz Konrad , Pastor Teresa , Rabitsch Wolfgang , Robertson Peter , Roy Helen E , Seebens Hanno , Solarz Wojciech , Starfinger Uwe , Tanner Rob , Vilà Montserrat , Leung Brian , Garcia‐Lozano Carla , Jeschke Jonathan M
Published: March 2024

Future dynamics of biological invasions are highly uncertain because they depend on multiple social–ecological drivers. We used a scenario‐based approach to explore potential management options for invasive species in Europe. During two workshops involving a multidisciplinary team of experts, we developed a management strategy arranged into 19 goals relating to policy, research, public awareness, and biosecurity. We conceived solutions for achieving these goals under different plausible future scenarios, and identified four interrelated recommendations around which any long‐term strategy for managing invasive species can be structured: (1) a European biosecurity regime, (2) a dedicated communication strategy, (3) data standardization and management tools, and (4) a monitoring and assessment system. Finally, we assessed the feasibility of the management strategy and found substantial differences among scenarios. Collectively, our results indicate that it is time for a new strategy for managing biological invasions in Europe, one that is based on a more integrative approach across socioeconomic sectors and countries.
Strategies to promote the dietary use of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) for human nutrition and health
Authors: Wu Jun , Zhou Qian , Zhou Chenhaojin , Cheng Ka‐Wing , Wang Mingfu
Published: March 2024

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) is one of the most important legume crops grown in subtropical and tropical regions with high nutritional quality. However, the consumption of pigeon pea is very limited worldwide owing to its high level of anti‐nutrients, hard texture, and unpleasant characteristic taste. The present review summarized the nutritional profile and health benefit of pigeon pea with special attention to its bioactive phytochemicals (e.g., cajanin, cajanol, and cajaninstilbene acid). Furthermore, some aspects that can help promote the application of pigeon pea in foods were highlighted from the perspectives of physical (i.e., thermal, extrusion, and ultrasound‐assisted), chemical (i.e., chemical modification and enzymatic hydrolysis), and biological treatment (i.e., sprouting and fermentation). The primary impact of physical methods was confined to the mitigation of anti‐nutrients. Chemical approaches were less explored and mainly targeted on the modification of starch and protein in pigeon pea. In contrast, the biological methods were found to decrease the level of anti‐nutritional factors, increase the production of bioactive phytochemicals, and improve the sensory properties of pigeon pea. Therefore, biological methods, especially sprouting techniques, are considered to be more promising.
SOFR term structure dynamics—Discontinuous short rates and stochastic volatility forward rates
Authors: Brace Alan , Gellert Karol , Schlögl Erik
Published: March 2024

The Secured Overnight Funding Rate (SOFR) has become the risk‐free rate benchmark in US dollars, thus term structure models should reflect key features exhibited by SOFR and forward rates implied by SOFR futures. We construct a multifactor, stochastic volatility term structure model which incorporates these features. Calibrating to options on SOFR futures, we achieve a reasonable fit to the market across maturities and strikes in a single model. This also provides novel insights into SOFR term rate behavior (and implied volatilities) within their accrual periods, and a model mechanism by which interest rate mean reversion arises from monetary policy.
Phänomene, Kinematik und Strategien zur Risikobewertung einer inneren Bodenerosion
Authors: Witt Karl Josef
Published: March 2024

Bei dem Beitrag handelt es sich um die erweiterte Fassung der gleichnamigen Keynote Lecture auf der 4. Bodenmechanik Tagung im Rahmen der Fachsektionstage Geotechnik, die auf Anregung der Fachsektionsleitung auch in der Zeitschrift geotechnik veröffentlicht werden soll. Bei den Phänomenen der inneren Erosion in durchströmtem Boden und in Erdbauwerken geht es um das Lösen, den Transport und die Ablagerung bevorzugter Fraktionen mit der Folge einer Änderung der Bodeneigenschaften. Die Phänomene der inneren Erosion werden als Kontakterosion, Suffosion, Kolmation und rückschreitende Erosion charakterisiert. Die Kinematik dieser physikalischen Prozesse ergibt sich mit der Energie einer Sickerströmung aus der Bewegung des Einzelkorns im Porenraum, den möglichen Freiheitsgraden beim Transport. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Art und Bedingungen der verschiedenen Phänomene sowie über deren spezifische Kinematik innerhalb der Bodenstruktur. Die relevanten international verwendeten Nachweismethoden und Kriterien werden aufgeführt und in ihrer Aussagekraft bewertet. Die kennzeichnenden Einflussparameter werden aufgezeigt. Für die einzelnen Phänomene der inneren Erosion werden Strategien zur Bewertung und Beherrschung des Erosionsrisikos diskutiert.
Autologous rectus abdominis fascia sling surgery following unsuccessful synthetic midurethral sling
Authors: Kurano Yoshitaka , Shimizu Nobutaka , Yoshimura Rie , Iga Ryohei , Atagi Kaya , Nao Tomoya , Fukuhara Hideo , Fukata Satoshi , Ashida Shingo , Inoue Keiji
Published: March 2024

Introduction

We performed autologous rectus abdominis fascia sling surgery using Advantage™ following an unsuccessful synthetic midurethral sling.

Case presentation

At the age of 76 years, the patient experienced stress urinary incontinence recurrence. A 1‐h pad test resulted in 259 g of leakage. A pressure flow study verified urine leakage while coughing and straining without detrusor overactivity. Abdominal leak point pressure was 10 cmH2O. Autologous rectus abdominis fascia sling surgery was performed using Advantage™. One month postoperatively, a 1‐h pad test resulted in 0 g of leakage.

Conclusion

We believe that this method will allow the fascia sling procedure to be performed reliably even if one is unfamiliar with conventional autologous rectus abdominis fascia sling surgery.
Exome sequencing identifies ADGRG4 G‐protein‐coupled receptors gene as a novel cancer biomarker in ovarian cancer patients from North India
Authors: Sharma Minerva , Verma Sonali , Angurana Shabab Lalit , Tufail Ziya , Bhagat Vanshika , Nagyal Sonia , Jamwal Rajeshwer Singh , Sharma Bhawani , Shah Ruchi , Bhat Audesh , Chander Gresh , Kumar Rakesh
Published: March 2024

Adhesion G protein‐coupled receptor G4 (ADGRG4) is a G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) that belongs to the adhesion family. Participation of ADGRG4 in cell adhesion and migration, signaling pathway activation, influence on angiogenesis, and modulation of immune responses are some of the possible ways through which it may contribute to oncogenesis. Conducting extensive omics studies poses budgetary challenges to small labs in peripheral areas, primarily due to restricted research funding and resource limitations. Here we propose a low‐budget model for biomarker screening. A total of 11 ovarian cancer samples were sent for exome sequencing. Among various genes, ADGRG4 variants were present in all 11 samples and thus were chosen as a potential biomarker in the present population. However, the precise role of ADGRG4 in cancer is not fully understood. The present study aims to look at the association between the ADGRG4 gene variants and their risk of ovarian cancer in the North Indian region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Overall, 235 individuals (115 cases and 120 healthy controls) were genotyped for the selected biomarker using Sanger sequencing. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between the variant and ovarian cancer. A statistically significant association was identified between the ADGRG4 variant rs5930932 polymorphism and the incidence of ovarian cancer among the study population. When corrected for age and BMI, the dominating OR of variant rs5930932 was 1.035 (1.003−1.069) under HWE patients (0.95) and controls (0.18), with a p‐value of (0.03). According to the findings of the current investigation, the ADGRG4 gene variant rs5930932 increases the chance of developing ovarian cancer in the studied population.
Uncertain tone and SEO underpricing: Do financial constraints matter?
Authors: Ngo Anh , Lewis Thomas , McGowan Carl
Published: March 2024

In this study, we conduct several empirical tests to explore the role of financial constraints in predicting the underpricing of seasoned equity offerings (SEO underpricing) through the uncertain tone in issuing firms' filings. We show that investors can infer the firm quality or fundamental value when facing information uncertainty or value ambiguity for only firms in financially distressed groups. Our findings are consistent with prior studies using textual analysis that postulate the varying predictive power of different textual tones for the value of new seasoned equity offerings and, thus, SEO underpricing.
Determining the MMPI‐3 SUI scale's cross‐sectional and prospective utility in suicide risk assessment
Authors: Morris Cole S. , Keen Megan A. , White Chloe , Ingram Paul B. , Mitchell Sean M. , Victor Sarah E.
Published: March 2024

Objective

In‐depth suicide risk assessments are particularly important to long‐term suicide prevention. Broadband measures of psychopathology, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) instruments, assess suicide risk factors and various mental health comorbidities. With the recent release of the MMPI‐3, the Suicidal/Death Ideation (SUI) scale underwent revisions to improve its construct validity and detection of suicide risk factors. Thus, we hypothesized the MMPI‐3 SUI scale would demonstrate medium to large associations with suicidal experience and behaviors, future ideation, and interpersonal risk factors of suicide.

Methods

A sample of 124 college students screened for elevated depressive symptoms completed a brief longitudinal study. Participants completed a baseline session including the MMPI‐3 and criterion measures and three brief follow‐ups every 2 weeks.

Results

SUI scores were most robustly associated with increased risk for past suicidal ideation, planning, and perceived burdensomeness. Prospectively assessed suicidal ideation was also meaningfully associated with SUI. SUI scale elevations indicate an increased risk of suicide‐related risk factors.

Conclusion

The MMPI‐3 is a valuable tool to inform long‐term suicide prevention for those experiencing elevated depressive symptoms as the SUI scale can assess past, current, and future suicide‐related risk factors, including suicidal ideation and behaviors.
Running a successful STEMM summer program: A week‐by‐week guide
Authors: Beasley Heather K. , Vue Zer , McReynolds Melanie R. , Garza‐Lopez Edgar , Neikirk Kit , Mungai Margaret , Marshall Andrea G. , Shao Bryanna , Benjamin Jazmine I. , Wanjalla Celestine N. , Williams Clintoria R. , Murray Sandra A. , Jordan Valerie K. , Shuler Haysetta D. , Kirabo Annet , Hinton Antentor
Published: March 2024

While some established undergraduate summer programs are effective across many institutions, these programs may only be available to some principal investigators or may not fully address the diverse needs of incoming undergraduates. This article outlines a 10‐week science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) education program designed to prepare undergraduate students for graduate school through a unique model incorporating mentoring dyads and triads, cultural exchanges, and diverse activities while emphasizing critical thinking, research skills, and cultural sensitivity. Specifically, we offer a straightforward and adaptable guide that we have used for mentoring undergraduate students in a laboratory focused on mitochondria and microscopy, but which may be customized for other disciplines. Key components include self‐guided projects, journal clubs, various weekly activities such as mindfulness training and laboratory techniques, and a focus on individual and cultural expression. Beyond this unique format, this 10‐week program also seeks to offer an intensive research program that emulates graduate‐level experiences, offering an immersive environment for personal and professional development, which has led to numerous achievements for past students, including publications and award‐winning posters.
Enhancing malignancy prediction in thyroid nodules: A multimodal ultrasound radiomics approach in TI‐RADS category 4 lesions
Authors: Li Jian , Li Siyao , Zhou Wang , Duan Yayang , Zheng Hui
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To explore the diagnostic value of intralesional and perilesional radiomics based on multimodal ultrasound (US) images in predicting the malignant ACR TIRADS 4 thyroid nodules (TNs).

Methods

A total of 297 cases of TNs in patients who underwent preoperative thyroid grayscale US and shear wave elastography (STE) were enrolled (training cohort: n = 150, internal validation cohort: n = 77, external validation cohort: n = 70). Regions of interests (ROIs) were delineated on grayscale US images and STE images, and then an isotropic expansion of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm was applied. Predictive models were established using recursive feature elimination‐support vector machines (RFE‐SVM) based on radiomics features calculated by random forest.

Results

The perilesional ROI1.5mm expansion achieved the highest area under curve (AUC) (AUC: 0.753 for grayscale US, 0.728 for STE; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.664–0.743, 0.684–0.739, respectively). The joint model had the highest AUC values of 0.936 in the training dataset, 0.926 in internal dataset, and 0.893 in external dataset. The calibration curve showed good consistency and the decision curve indicated a greater clinical net benefit of the joint model.

Conclusion

Joint model containing perilesional radiomics (1.5 mm) had significant value in predicting the malignant ACR TIRADS 4 TNs.
Exploring the incidence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease following COVID‐19 infection: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yeh Liang‐Tsai , Chan Chi‐Ho , Wang Yu‐Hsun , Lee Chia‐Yi , Yang Shun‐Fa , Yeh Chao‐Bin
Published: March 2024

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is a clinical manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis and is always associated with cerebrovascular disease and various complications. The aim of our study is to evaluate the relationship between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and the subsequent PAOD development. A retrospective cohort study was conducted and individuals with COVID‐19 infection were identified from the TriNetX analytics platform. A total of 2 206 065 patients with COVID‐19 infection and 2 206 065 patients without COVID‐19 infection were recruited after exclusion and matching. The primary outcome was the development of PAOD after the COVID‐19 infection. The Cox proportional hazard regression was adopted to yield the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of PAOD between groups. After the whole follow‐up period, the incidence of PAOD was significantly higher in the COVID‐19 group at both the 3‐month follow‐up (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.24–1.30) and the 12‐month follow‐up (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.31–1.35) The Kaplan‐Meier analysis with the log‐rank test demonstrated a higher cumulative probability of PAOD in the COVID‐19 group compared to the non‐COVID‐19 group (p < 0.001). In stratified analysis using 65 years as the threshold, both age groups in the COVID‐19 group exhibited a higher risk of PAOD. Similarly, in the sex and race stratified analysis, the COVID‐19 group performed a higher risk of PAOD in both subgroups. In conclusion, the COVID‐19 infections are strongly associated with an increment of PAOD incidence.
Strategic alliances and social performance of microfinance institutions in Indonesia
Authors: Kore Morrison Hendrik Riwu , Rokhim Rofikoh , Rahmawati Riani , Sudhartio Lily
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study is to understand how strategic alliances and dynamic capabilities influence the performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Indonesia. The research was conducted on a sample of 235 CEOs/top leaders of MFIs spread across all provinces in Indonesia. Data collection used survey questionnaires. Data testing used SPSS version 25, and structural modeling used Amos version 25. The findings show that strategic alliances significantly influence dynamic capabilities and dynamic capabilities significantly influence social performance. Social performance has a significant effect on financial performance. MFIs are important in establishing strategic alliance and strengthening their dynamic capabilities to improve social performance (depth and breadth of reach) and affect financial performance. Social performance includes the depth of the reach to contribute to improving the quality of life of people experiencing poverty around the MFI's operations and the social responsibility of MFIs to the community through scholarships, free medical assistance, basic food assistance, and building/renovating houses of worship and others.
High‐Temperature X‐Ray Imaging with Transparent Ceramics Scintillators
Authors: Wang Ting , Hu Song , Ji Tao , Zhu Xuanyu , Zeng Guoqiang , Huang Ling , Yakovlev Alexey Nikolaevich , Qiu Jianbei , Xu Xuhui , Yu Xue
Published: March 2024

Scintillators with high spatial‐resolution and high‐stability are highly desirable for X‐ray imaging applications at unpredictable environments. To challenge state‐of‐the‐art technology, it is necessary to design high thermal stable scintillators with high‐resolution and high light yield. In this work, the zero‐thermal‐quenching Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+ (LuAG: Ce3+) transparent ceramics (TCs) is synthesized with high optical transparency. The thermoluminescence (TL) curves of the as‐obtained TCs demonstrate that the formation of the oxygen vacancies, acting as the trapping centers, can capture the carriers and then contribute to the enhancement of its thermals stability via the thermal compensation effect. The exceptional thermal‐stability of the TCs scintillator endows the monitoring of the dynamic changes of the internal structure of the objective samples without any ghosting effects during heating. In addition, given the ultra‐high uniform, transparency, and fast light decay of the TCs scintillator, the excellent spatial resolution (≈112 lp mm−1) of the X‐ray microscopic imaging is realized. These results undeniably demonstrate that the as‐obtained LuAG: Ce3+ TCs have great prospects for advancement in X‐ray detectors.
3D Inkjet Printing of Biomaterials with Solvent‐Free, Thiol‐Yne‐Based Photocurable Inks
Authors: Kainz Michael , Haudum Stephan , Guillén Elena , Brüggemann Oliver , Höller Rita , Frommwald Heike , Dehne Tilo , Sittinger Michael , Tupe Disha , Major Zoltan , Stubauer Gerald , Griesser Thomas , Teasdale Ian
Published: March 2024

3D inkjet printing is a fast, reliable, and non‐contact bottom–up approach to printing small and large models and is one of the fastest additive manufacturing technologies available. These attributes position inkjet printing as a promising tool for the additive manufacturing of biomaterials, for example, tissue engineering scaffolds. However, due to the stringent technical rheological requirements of current inkjet technologies, there is a lack of photopolymer resins suitable for the inkjet printing of biomaterials. Hence, a novel ink engineered for 3D piezoelectric inkjet printing of biomaterials is designed and developed. The novel resin leverages a biodegradable amino acid phosphorodiamidate matrix copolymerized with a dialkyne ether to modulate the viscosity. Copolymerization with commercially available thiols facilitates the photochemical thiol‐yne curing reaction. The ink exhibits optimal viscosity, eliminating the need for solvents, as well as reliable jetting and sufficiently swift curing kinetics. Furthermore, the formulation is successfully demonstrated in an industrial inkjet printhead. Notably, the resulting materials have low cytotoxicity and, hence, have significant promise in advancing the applications of 3D inkjet printing of biological scaffolds.
Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: immune mechanisms and clinical implications
Authors: Wang Siyu , Wang Hua , Li Chenbei , Liu Binfeng , He Shasha , Tu Chao
Published: March 2024

Cancer is a major cause of death globally, and traditional treatments often have limited efficacy and adverse effects. Immunotherapy has shown promise in various malignancies but is less effective in tumors with low immunogenicity or immunosuppressive microenvironment, especially sarcomas. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) have been associated with a favorable response to immunotherapy and improved survival in cancer patients. However, the immunological mechanisms and clinical significance of TLS in malignant tumors are not fully understood. In this review, we elucidate the composition, neogenesis, and immune characteristics of TLS in tumors, as well as the inflammatory response in cancer development. An in‐depth discussion of the unique immune characteristics of TLSs in lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and soft tissue sarcomas will be presented. Additionally, the therapeutic implications of TLS, including its role as a marker of therapeutic response and prognosis, and strategies to promote TLS formation and maturation will be explored. Overall, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of TLS in the tumor immune microenvironment and suggest potential interventions for cancer treatment.
A pilot trial of neoadjuvant pyrotinib plus trastuzumab, dalpiciclib, and letrozole for triple‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Huo Shiwen , Xue Jinqi , Wang Shuo , Shan Huilian , Chen Guanglei , Niu Nan , Wang Yimin , Qiu Fang , Zhao Yi , Xing Fei , Zheng Xinyu , Tu Wei , Li Ke , Zhao Hai , Tang Meiyue , Xu Qianshi , Liu Chao , Zhao Yafei , Jiang Xiaofan , Pang Zheng , Zhang Keliang , Zhang Dianlong , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Liu Caigang
Published: March 2024

Triple‐positive breast cancer (TPBC) poorly responds to current standard neoadjuvant therapy (trastuzumab plus pertuzumab and chemotherapy). Our previous MUKDEN 01 study showed a promising total pathological complete response (tpCR) rate of 30.4% with neoadjuvant pyrotinib (pan‐human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) plus dalpiciclib (cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor) and letrozole, but the efficacy remains suboptimal. This pilot study (NCT05228951) explored adding trastuzumab to this triplet neoadjuvant regimen in patients with stage II–III TPBC. The primary endpoint was tpCR (ypT0/is, ypN0) rate. Between February 2022 and June 2022, 12 patients were enrolled, and seven (58%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 27.7%–84.8%) patients achieved tpCR. The rate of residual cancer burden (RCB) 0–I was 75% (95% CI, 46.8%–91.1%). The objective response rate (ORR) was 92% (95% CI, 64.6%–98.5%). Mean Ki‐67 level was significantly reduced from 45.0% (95% CI, 19.5%–70.5%) at baseline to 17.2% (95% CI, 0.7%–33.7%) after neoadjuvant therapy (p = 0.03). The most common grade 3 adverse events were diarrhea (four [33%]) and decreased neutrophil count (three [25%]). No grade 4 adverse events or treatment‐related deaths occurred. This four‐drug neoadjuvant regimen shows promising pathological response with an acceptable safety profile in patients with TPBC. A randomized controlled trial (NCT05638594) of this regimen is being conducted.
Effect of unfavorable regions on the spreading solution in a diffusion equation
Authors: Lai Pengchao , Lu Junfan
Published: March 2024

We consider a diffusion equation on the real line with growth rates (reaction terms) being negative in a bounded unfavorable region and bistable on two sides. The equation can be used to model a species living in a habitat with a polluted or hunting zone but still tries to survive or even spread to the whole space. Using the zero number argument, we first show the general convergence to stationary solution for any nonnegative global solutions, and then we prove a spreading–transition–vanishing trichotomy result for the asymptotic behavior of global solutions. The key point is to find a quite special stationary solution to distinguish the spreading and transition solutions. Finally, we construct precise upper and lower solutions to estimate the asymptotic speed for the spreading solution.
Rogue waves solutions on the elliptic background of an extended (3 + 1)‐dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Tang Wang , Yu Guo‐Fu
Published: March 2024

We construct rogue wave solutions of an extended (3 + 1)‐dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the Jacobian elliptic function background. The modulational stability of the plane wave background is analyzed. We derive the periodic wave solutions and non‐periodic wave solutions of the Lax spectral problem. Making use of the non‐periodic solutions, we construct rogue waves on the cnoidal background via one‐ and two‐fold Darboux transformation. By using one‐fold Darboux transformation, rogue waves on the dnoidal background are also proposed.
Prevalence of Duffy null and its impact on hydroxyurea in young children with sickle cell disease in the United States
Authors: Oladipupo Fathia , Stanek Joseph , Walden Joseph , Young Jennifer , Rose Melissa J. , Nicol Kathleen , Villella Anthony , Creary Susan
Published: March 2024

Consistent with studies showing a high prevalence of the Duffy null phenotype among healthy Black Americans, this retrospective study found that Duffy null was present in >75% of a young and contemporary cohort of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the United States. Despite the potential for this phenotype to impact absolute neutrophil counts, hydroxyurea (HU) dosing, and outcomes, it was not associated with being prescribed a lower HU dose or having increased acute SCD visits early in the HU treatment course. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings in older children with SCD.
Interfacial strengthening and processing of carbon fibers reinforced poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) composites: A mini‐review
Authors: Dang Jing , Sun Jiayi , Liu Zheng
Published: March 2024

Carbon fibers/poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) (CF/PEEK) composites have the advantages of excellent impact resistance, good moisture and heat resistance, ultra‐short molding cycle and recyclable secondary processing. Therefore, the investigation on CF/PEEK composites is an important development direction of low‐cost and high‐performance polymer‐based composites. However, due to the strong surface inertness of CF and the poor interface compatibility between CF and PEEK matrix, the mechanical properties of CF/PEEK composites are low. Moreover, PEEK matrix has the high melting point and large viscosity, making the processing of CF/PEEK composites very difficult. In this paper, the factors affecting the interfacial properties of CF/PEEK composites, the surface functionalization modification methods of CF, and the design & synthesis of interfacial compatibilizer are reviewed. The research progress and related academic achievements in interfacial strengthening and additive manufacturing technology of CF/PEEK composites are emphatically discussed. Finally, the development trends and application prospects of CF/PEEK composites are summarized.

Highlights

CF/PEEK composite is the key material for industry and infrastructure.

The factors affecting the interface interaction between PEEK and CF.

The methods of interface strengthening for CF/PEEK composites.

The additive manufacturing technology of CF/PEEK composites.

The development trends and application of CF/PEEK composites.
Combination of large‐volume sample stacking with polarity switching and micelle electrokinetic chromatography for the analysis of anion compounds in Yangxinshi tablets
Authors: Liu Wenping , Zhou Rui , Li Jin , Du Kunze , He Jun , Yao Yaqi , Chang Yanxu
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Yangxinshi tablet (YXST) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation characterized by its high efficacy and safety for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Anionic compounds have been revealed as potential active components. However, there is currently limited research regarding its quality control.

Objective

We aimed to establish a strategy for the simultaneous separation and determination of five key anionic compounds in YXST.

Method

A sensitive and efficient analytical method was developed and applied for the simultaneous separation and determination of five key compounds in YXST using large‐volume sample stacking with polarity switching and micelle electrokinetic chromatography (LVSS‐PS‐MEKC) coupled with diode array detection. Crucial parameters, including sample volume, applied voltage, composition and pH of the running buffer, concentration of organic modifier, and switching time of the polarity, were systematically evaluated and optimized using a single variable method to enhance separation performance. Furthermore, the impact of cyclodextrin and sodium dodecyl sulfate as electrolyte modifiers was also investigated.

Results

Under the optimal conditions, baseline separation of the five compounds (daidzein, puerarin, glycyrrhiztinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and salvianolic acid B) was achieved within 20 min. In comparison to the conventional MEKC mode, the constructed LVSS‐PS‐MEKC method exhibited a more than sixfold increase in the enrichment factor. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, 24 h stability, and recovery and successfully applied to analyze YXST samples.

Conclusion

A sensitive strategy was developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of five key anionic components in YXST, offering a robust and efficient strategy for pharmaceutical analysis.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Yang Fan , Wang Pan , Zheng Min , Hou Xiao‐Yu , Zhou Li‐Lin , Wang Yong , Si Sheng‐Yun , Wang Xiao‐Ping , Chapman Jason W. , Wang Yu‐Meng , Hu Gao
Published: March 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article Physiological and behavioral basis of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella migration and its association with heat stress by Fan Yang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7904.

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Deep‐NCA: A deep learning methodology for performing noncompartmental analysis of pharmacokinetic data
Authors: Liu Gengbo , Brooks Logan , Canty John , Lu Dan , Jin Jin Y. , Lu James
Published: March 2024

Noncompartmental analysis (NCA) is a model‐independent approach for assessing pharmacokinetics (PKs). Although the existing NCA algorithms are very well‐established and widely utilized, they suffer from low accuracies in the setting of sparse PK samples. In response, we developed Deep‐NCA, a deep learning (DL) model to improve the prediction of key noncompartmental PK parameters. Our methodology utilizes synthetic PK data for model training and uses an innovative patient‐specific normalization method for data preprocessing. Deep‐NCA demonstrated adequate performance across six previously unseen simulated drugs under multiple dosing, showcasing effective generalization. Compared to traditional NCA, Deep‐NCA exhibited superior performance for sparse PK data. This study advances the application of DL to PK studies and introduces an effective method for handling sparse PK data. With further validation and refinement, Deep‐NCA could significantly enhance the efficiency of drug development by providing more accurate NCA estimates while requiring fewer PK samples.
Photoelastic Properties of Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate from First‐Principles Calculations
Authors: Pionteck Mike N. , Sanna Simone
Published: March 2024

The linear optical response of lithium niobate under compressive as well as tensile stress is calculated from first principles. For this purpose, the elastic constants are computed with different exchange‐correlation functionals and compared with available experimental values. A good agreement with the measured quantities is obtained. A full set of the piezo‐optic and photoelastic coefficients is determined from the dependence of the dielectric permeability in the linear regime on the considered stress. The calculated coefficients agree with the experimental values as well. In contrast to the numerous experimental investigations, the coefficients are not only given for a single excitation wavelength but also within the technically relevant optical range. From the dispersion of the piezo‐optic and photoelastic coefficients, conclusions can be drawn about the refractive indices and the birefringence under strain for different excitation energies. It can be concluded that the birefringence in the long wavelength range increases under stress in the z direction. For uniaxial stress in x and y directions, the lattice symmetry is broken and the crystal becomes biaxial in the x and y directions as well.
Safety of inhaled nitric oxide withdrawal in severe chronic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Pérez‐Peñate Gregorio Miguel , Juliá‐Serdá Gabriel , Galván‐Fernández Helena , Alemán‐Segura Desireé , León‐Marrero Fernando , Garcia‐Quintana Antonio , de Larrinoa Iñigo Rúa‐Fernández , Ortega‐Trujillo José Ramón , Gómez‐Sánchez Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2024

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a potent and selective pulmonary vasodilator with a safety concern due to rebound pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with its withdrawal. We report short‐term pulsed iNO in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and nonoperable chronic thromboembolic PH (nCTEPH). This is a retrospective analysis of 33 patients: 22 with PAH and 11 with nCTEPH. We assessed hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and other noninvasive variables to evaluate safety and efficacy of iNO. We performed an iNO withdrawal test during right heart catheterization and after 3 days of iNO treatment. iNO significantly improved all variables examined in 22 patients with PAH and 11 with nCTEPH. Two patterns of response were observed after sudden iNO withdrawal. Twenty‐nine patients (88%) showed minimal hemodynamic, oxygenation and clinical changes. Four patients (12%) had a reduction in cardiac index ≥20% and PaO2 ≥ 5%, three patients did not show clinical deterioration, and one patient developed hemodynamic collapse that needed iNO administration. This retrospective study suggests that short‐term iNO improves hemodynamics and clinical conditions in some patients with PAH an nCTPEH. However, pulsed iNO withdrawal PH rebound could be a serious concern in these patients. Given the lack of evidence, we do not recommend the use of pulsed iNO in the treatment of patients with chronic PH.