bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Produtividade e valor nutritivo de pasto de capim-elefante manejado sob princípios agroecológicos
Authors: Olivo Clair Jorge , Charão Pablo Santini , Pereira Lilian Elgalise Techio , Ziech Magnos Fernando , Meinerz Gilmar , Tyska Denise
Published: November 2007

Objetivou-se avaliar o valor nutritivo do capim-elefante, quanto aos teores de PB e FDN e a digestibilidade in vitro da MS (DIVMS), submetido a algumas práticas agroecológicas. Foram usados dois piquetes (0,15 ha cada), onde foi estabelecido o capim-elefante, em 2001, com espaçamento entrelinhas de três metros. Nas entrelinhas, estabeleceram-se aveia (Avena strigosa Schreb.) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) no período hibernal e, no estival, permitiu-se o desenvolvimento de espécies de crescimento espontâneo. A adubação foi feita com fertilizantes orgânicos (150 kg de N /ha). No período experimental (24/04/2004 a 05/05/2005), foram conduzidos sete pastejos. Os animais experimentais foram vacas da raça Holandesa que receberam, como complementação alimentar, 3,5 kg/dia de concentrado. Avaliaram-se a massa de forragem inicial, composição botânica do pasto e os componentes estruturais. Para as análises de valor nutritivo do pasto, foram feitas amostragens simulando o pastejo. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com duas repetições (piquetes) e sete tratamentos (pastejos). Os melhores resultados do valor nutritivo foram obtidos no período hibernal. Foram encontradas correlações negativas da PB e DIVMS e positivas da FDN com a biomassa de lâminas foliares do capim-elefante. O capim-elefante, manejado sob princípios agroecológicos, apresentou alto valor nutritivo e produtividade, tanto no verão quanto no inverno, possibilitando que a produção animal seja mais sustentável no decorrer do ano.
Composição química, caracterização e quantificação da população de microrganismos em capim-elefante cv. Cameroon (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) e suas silagens
Authors: Pereira Odilon Gomes , Rocha Karina Dosualdo , Ferreira Celia Lucia de Luces Fortes
Published: November 2007

Avaliaram-se o pH, a relação nitrogênio amoniacal/nitrogênio total (N-NH3), a composição química e a digestibilidade in vitro da MS (DIVMS) e as populações microbianas de silagens de capim-elefante produzidas ou não com inoculantes enzimo-bacterianos, em seis períodos de fermentação (1, 3, 7, 14, 28 e 56 dias), utilizando-se silos laboratoriais. Foi usado um arranjo fatorial 6 x 3 (seis períodos de fermentação x três inoculantes), em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Avaliaram-se os seguintes inoculantes microbianos: controle (sem inoculante), Sil All C4 (Alltech do Brasil) e Bacto Silo C Tropical (Katec). Os teores de PB, FND e FDA, foram influenciados apenas pelo período de fermentação, enquanto para a DIVMS observou-se efeito da interação inoculante × período.Para o pH observou-se efeito de inoculante e de período, estimando-se reduções de 0,5769; 0,62327 e 0,80218 unidades/dia de fermentação para as silagens controle e tratadas com Sil All e Bacto Silo, respectivamente. Para o teor de N-NH3, observou-se efeito da interação inoculante × período. A população de bactérias ácido lático no capim antes da ensilagem foi de 10(4) ufc/g de forragem fresca, atingindo valor máximo da ordem de 10(8) ufc/g de silagem, para a silagem controle, aos 14 dias de fermentação, e para as silagens tratadas com inoculantes, aos 7 dias. As enterobactérias não foram detectadas a partir do terceiro dia, apresentando valor máximo de 10(4), < 10 e 10³ ufc/g para as silagens controle, Sil All e Bacto Silo C Tropical, respectivamente.
Efeito dos níveis de lisina digestível e da ractopamina sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos machos castrados em terminação
Authors: Marinho Paula Cambraia , Fontes Dalton de Oliveira , Silva Francisco Carlos de Oliveira , Silva Martinho de Almeida e , Pereira Francisco Alves , Arouca Cláudio Luiz Corrêa
Published: November 2007

Foi conduzido um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de lisina digestível em rações suplementadas ou não com ractopamina (RAC) sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos machos castrados em terminação. Quarenta suínos, híbridos comerciais, foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 - dois níveis de lisina digestível (0,67 e 0,87%), com ajuste para os demais aminoácidos para a relação de proteína ideal, e dois níveis de RAC (0 e 5,0 ppm) - em um período de 28 dias. A suplementação com RAC resultou em maiores ganho de peso diário e taxa de deposição de carne magra diária e melhor conversão alimentar. Os níveis de lisina não influíram no desempenho dos animais, porém reduziram a espessura de toucinho nos pontos P1 e P2 e aumentaram a taxa de deposição de carne magra diária na carcaça de suínos alimentados com dietas contendo 0,87% de lisina digestível quando avaliadas in vivo. Concluiu-se que as características de desempenho e de carcaça dos suínos alimentados com ração suplementada com RAC na fase de terminação melhoraram, porém, o efeito da RAC sobre a profundidade de lombo foi maior no nível de 0,87% de lisina digestível.
Consumo de nutrientes, produção e composição do leite de ovelhas alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de fibra em detergente neutro
Authors: Hübner Cristiano Haetinger , Pires Cleber Cassol , Galvani Diego Barcelos , Carvalho Sérgio , Wommer Tatiana Pfüller
Published: November 2007

O experimento foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de fibra na dieta sobre o consumo de nutrientes e a produção e composição do leite de ovelhas. Dezoito ovelhas multíparas, confinadas 24 horas após o parto em baias individuais, foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em três níveis dietéticos de FDN (tratamento): 34, 43 e 52%. As dietas, constituídas por mistura completa de silagem de milho e concentrado (grão de milho triturado, farelo de soja e mistura mineral) foram formuladas para serem isoprotéicas (13% PB). A produção e a composição do leite foram avaliadas a cada sete dias, durante 42 dias. Houve influência do nível de FDN da dieta sobre os consumos de MS, MO, PB, EE, FDN, FDA, CNE e CT (kg/dia, %PV e g/kgPVº,75), que apresentaram comportamento quadrático. O máximo consumo de MS estimado correspondeu ao nível de 42,7% de FDN na dieta. Verificou-se efeito quadrático da produção de leite em função dos tratamentos, sendo a produção máxima estimada no nível de 39,8% de FDN na dieta. A relação entre proteína do leite e nível de FDN da dieta foi quadrática. A quantidade de gordura (g/dia) e a densidade do leite decresceram linearmente com o incremento do nível FDN na dieta. A produção de sólidos totais (g/dia) e as produções de leite corrigidas para 3,5% e para sólidos totais variaram de forma quadrática. O estádio da lactação influenciou a produção de leite, de modo que o pico da lactação situou-se entre a primeira e terceira semanas de lactação.
Competitiveness of Three Leguminous Cover Crops with Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus)
Authors: Collins Amanda S. , Chase Carlene A. , Stall William M. , Hutchinson Chad M.
Published: November 2007

Greenhouse replacement-series experiments were conducted to evaluate the competitiveness of cowpea, sunn hemp, and velvetbean when grown in combination with yellow nutsedge and smooth pigweed. The effect of the cover crop species on yellow nutsedge tuber production was also evaluated. Cowpea and velvetbean were equally competitive with yellow nutsedge, but sunn hemp was less competitive. Although sunn hemp height was double that of cowpea or velvetbean, photosynthetically active radiation penetrating to the soil surface was twofold to eightfold greater than with the other two species. Leaf area per plant with sunn hemp monocultures were only 63 to 70% of cowpea and 37 to 41% of velvetbean. Increasing the proportion of cover crops in crop : weed mixtures did not significantly affect nutsedge tuber number per plant or tuber weight per plant. Cowpea was more competitive than smooth pigweed, whereas both sunn hemp and velvetbean were less competitive than smooth pigweed. The utility and efficacy of leguminous cover crop species for nutsedge and smooth pigweed suppression do not appear to be due to inherent competitiveness. Until cultivars that are more competitive become available, cultural measures should be employed that enhance cover crop modification of soil environmental conditions to minimize weed seed germination and vegetative propagule sprouting.
Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, pretreatment prognostic factors: Disease stage, tumor histopathological characteristics, the patient-related factors
Authors: Vasic Ljiljana
Published: November 2007

Background: The existing tumor-node-metastasis staging system ignores numerous clinical, therapeutic, and biological characteristics of lung cancer and psychomotor condition of a patient because it is based on the anatomic extent of disease. Therefore, there is a possibility of inadequate choice of therapy for any individual patient. Based on the disease stage, histopathological characteristics of the tumor and the patient-related factors (sex, age, Karnofsky status, accompanying diseases) the outcome of the disease can be predicted in patients with inoperable and unresectable non-small lung cancer. Methods: This report is a prospective clinical study that included patients with histopathological verified non-small cell lung cancer, followed up for a six-month period, from the beginning of the treatment. The following data were recorded: sex, age, histological cancer type, stage, Karnofsky status, and comorbid diseases. Results: The study showed planocellular carcinoma was more dominant among men than among women and that and at the diagnosis, most patients were in IIIb or IV stage. There was a decrease in psychomotor status of patients. The length of survival depended on Karnofsky index (p= 0.000), comorbidities - chronic myocardiopathy (p= 0.001), diabetes mellitus type 2 (p =0.007), myocardial infraction (p= 0.005), and the stage of the disease (p= 0.001) Conclusion: Psychomotor status of a patient, comborid diseases, and the stage of disease are the factors that determine patient?s tolerance to oncology treatment.
Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oils of Cotinus coggygria from Serbia
Authors: Novakovic Miroslav , Vuckovic Ivan , Janackovic Pedja , Sokovic Marina , Filipovic Anka , Tesevic Vele , Milosavljevic Slobodan
Published: November 2007

Essential oils from leaves with young branches of Cotinus coggygria Scop. from two localities in Serbia (Deliblatska pescara and Zemun), obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty-one component were identified from both oils and among them monoterpenic hydrocarbons were the dominant class (87.4 and 93.1 %). The dominant constituent in both essential oils was limonene (47.0 and 39.2 %). Both oils were also tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities. In comparison to streptomycin, both oils showed slightly higher activity (against most Gram-positive bacteria) in the disc diffusion method and slightly lower activity when the microdilution method was employed. They also exhibited antifungal potential higher than that of the commercial fungicide bifonazole.
Computing PI and Szeged indices of multiple phenylenes and cyclic hexagonal-square chain consisting of mutually isomorphic hexagonal chains
Authors: Yousefi-Azari H. , Yazdani J. , Bahrami A. , Ashrafi A.R.
Published: November 2007

PI and Szeged indices are two of the most important topological indices defined in chemistry. In this study, the PI and Szeged indices of linear [n]-phenylenes and a cyclic hexagonal-square chain consisting of n mutually isomorphic hexagonal chains were computed. The PI and Szeged indices of a multiple phenylene, which is the 2-dimensional case of a phenylenic nanotube and nanotorus, were determined.
Sintering of Cu-Al2O3 nano-composite powders produced by a thermochemical route
Authors: Korac Marija , Andjic Zoran , Tasic Milos , Kamberovic Zeljko
Published: November 2007

This paper presents the synthesis of nano-composite Cu-Al2O3 powder by a thermochemical method and sintering, with a comparative analysis of the mechanical and electrical properties of the obtained solid samples. Nano-crystalline Cu-Al2O3 powders were produced by a thermochemical method through the following stages: spray-drying, oxidation of the precursor powder, reduction by hydrogen and homogenization. Characterization of powders included analytical electron microscopy (AEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential thermal and thermogravimetric (DTA-TGA) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The size of the produced powders was 20-50 nm, with a noticeable presence of agglomerates. The composite powders were characterized by a homogenous distribution of Al2O3 in a copper matrix. The powders were cold pressed at a pressure of 500 MPa and sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere under isothermal conditions in the temperature range from 800 to 900 ?C for up to 120 min. Characterization of the Cu-Al2O3 sintered system included determination of the density, relative volume change, electrical and mechanical properties, examination of the microstructure by SEM and focused ion beam (FIB) analysis, as well as by EDS. The obtained nano-composite, the structure of which was, with certain changes, preserved in the final structure, provided a sintered material with a homogeneous distribution of dispersoid in a copper matrix, with exceptional effects of reinforcement and an excellent combination of mechanical and electrical properties.
The use of combined hyperbaric oxygenation and erythropoietin in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency
Authors: Zivkovic Miodrag , Tepic Sandra , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Mujovic Vujadin
Published: November 2007

Introduction The aim of this research is to EVALUATE therapy efficiacy of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) with regenerative effects on human tissues and erythropoietin, as a nonspecific growth factor. Material and methods This study included a group of 9 patients with echocardiographically diagnosed cardiac insufficiency with ejection fraction (EF%) under 60%. HBO was used according to the protocol for patients with severe cardiac insufficiency (a total of 15 treatments). All patients also received subcutaneous erythropoietin, 2000 iv, every other day. Control echocardiography was done 30-45 days after they finished their treatments. Results The average ejection fraction before treatment was 46%. After treatment, the average EF% was 57%, so it increased by 11%. All patients felt subjectively better, with improved capacity to physical efforts. Discussion and Conclusion Ejection fraction of 30-40% is an indication for hyperbaric oxygenation therapy. The decision about the treatment is made by the physician based on his experience, general condition of the patient, frequency and severity of hypoxic episodes. If EF% is 30% or below, HBO is not recommended, because antioxidative defense mechanisms are exhausted under hypoxia and the balance of the organism should not be changed. An increase in average EF% by 11% demonstrates that combined use of HBO and Erythropoietin gives good results.
Complicated hypopharyngeal perforation caused by a foreign body
Authors: Canji Karol , Mitrovic Slobodan , Jovancevic Ljiljana
Published: November 2007

The paper describes a patient who ingested a piece of bone during his meal. A foreign body was suspected and admission to the hospital was recommended as well as esophagoscopy, which he refused. Approximately 48 hours after the meal, the patient was admitted to the hospital for increased temperature, neck pain, and swollen right side of neck. Assuming that the condition was a result of hypopharyngeal perforation cased by a foreign body, computed tomography was performed. A collection of pus was found in the lateral and anterior neck compartments with subcutaneous tissue edema, and a foreign body was found in the projection of the hypopharynx. A wide incision was made under general anesthesia and drainage was performed using surgical drains and nasogastric tube. Antibacterial therapy was also applied. The patient was dismissed from the hospital in good general condition. Complications involving a foreign body in the hypopharynx and/or esophagus require urgent attention and adequate diagnosis and therapy. A correct indication, good choice of surgical procedure and intensive antibacterial therapy increase the chance of cure in such patients. .
The master sintering curve for pressure-less sintering of TiO2
Authors: Li D. , Chen S. , Jing Y. , Shao W. , Zhang Y. , Luan W.
Published: November 2007

A Master Sintering Curve (MSC) for rutile TiO2 was constructed for Pressure-less sintering using constant heating rate dilatometry data based on the combined-stage sintering model. Construction of the master sintering curve is described and the validation is proved with rutile TiO2 under different thermal histories. The concept of master sintering can be used to predict the sintering shrinkage and final density and calculate the activation energy, and a value of 105 KJ/mol for TiO2 was obtained. With one temperature dependent parameter determined experimentally, it became possible to describe accurately the densification behavior of TiO2 from the initial to final stages of sintering. .
Analysis of the properties of a Cu-Al2-O3 sintered system based on ultra fine and nanocomposite powders
Authors: Andjic Z. , Korac M. , Kamberovic Z. , Vujovic A. , Tasic M.
Published: November 2007

In this paper synthesis of a composite based on Cu-Al2O3 by a thermo-chemical method is shown along with a comparative analysis of the properties of the obtained nanocomposite sintered samples, which are characterized by a good combination of electric-mechanical properties, suitable for work at elevated temperatures. Ultra fine and nanocrystal powder Cu-Al2O3 is obtained by a chemical method, starting from water solutions of nitrates up to achieving the requested composition with 3 and 5% of Al2O3. Synthesis of composite powders has been developed through several stages: drying by spraying, oxidation of the obtained powder of precursor and then reduction by hydrogen until the final composition of nanocomposite powder is achieved. After characterization of the obtained powders, which comprised examination by the Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) method and X-ray-structure analysis (RDA), the powders were compacted with compacting pressure of 500 MPa. Sintering of the obtained samples was performed in the hydrogen atmosphere in isothermal conditions at temperatures of 800 and 900oC for 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Characterization of the obtained Cu-Al2O3 of the nanocomposite sintered system comprised examination of microstructure by the Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), as well as examining of electric mechanical properties. The obtained results show a homogenous distribution of dispersoides in the structure, as well as good mechanical and electric properties. .
What Counts in Research? A Survey of Early Years' Mathematical Research, 2000–2005
Authors: Fox Jillian L. , Diezmann Carmel M.
Published: November 2007

This study reviews 208 articles on early childhood mathematics education sourced from the ERIC database and published between 2000 and 2005 in order to determine the adequacy of the literature. The document analysis identified a heavy emphasis on (1) mathematical concepts and instruction, and (2) articles addressing the school years compared with the prior-to-school years. Overall, this study revealed (1) a lack of peer-reviewed articles that discuss, investigate, examine, or debate early childhood mathematics; (2) a limited emphasis in the prior-to-school years; and (3) a paucity of literature on technology and problem solving, which are fundamental in the twenty-first century.
Everyday Spirituality: An Aspect of the Holistic Curriculum in Action
Authors: Bone Jane , Cullen Joy , Loveridge Judith
Published: November 2007

Early childhood education in Aotearoa New Zealand includes different philosophical perspectives, may be part of the public or private sector and aims to be inclusive and holistic. The early childhood curriculum, Te Whāriki, supports these aims. Aspects of the curriculum that are holistic may be conceptualized in diverse ways and this qualitative research focused on the spiritual. Case studies were constructed in three different settings — a Montessori casa, a private preschool and a Rudolf Steiner kindergarten. This article concerns one of these settings and discusses the first day back at the Montessori casa after a two-week break. The concept of everyday spirituality is introduced and three narratives retell moments of everyday spirituality that occurred throughout the day. Three themes are addressed in some detail. The discussion is informed by Derrida's notion of hospitality and by different perspectives about the role of spirituality in educational contexts.
Three-Dimensional Fluoroscopy For Evaluation of Articular Reduction and Screw Placement in Calcaneal Fractures
Authors: Kendoff Daniel , Citak Musa , Gardner Michael , Kfuri Maurico , Thumes Barbara , Krettek Christian , Hüfner Tobias
Published: November 2007

Background: Anatomic reconstruction of the posterior calcaneal facet after intra-articular fracture is one of the critical factors in achieving a good functional result. Intraoperative evaluation of fracture reduction and implant placement relies on direct view by standard fluoroscopy. We hypothesized that three-dimensional (3D) fluoroscopy is more accurate than conventional fluoroscopy, and equivalent to CT for determining fracture reduction and screw position in calcaneal fractures. Methods: A Sanders type IIB fracture pattern was created in eight embalmed lower extremity cadaver specimens. First, the posterior facet was reduced with a step-off of 0 mm to 2 mm in 0.5-mm increments. All specimens had two dimensional (2D) fluoroscopy, 3D fluoroscopy with an Iso-C3D, and a CT scan. Next, screws were placed so they protruded into the subtalar and calcaneocuboid joint and through the medial wall. All specimens were imaged again. Three observers evaluated all imaging studies, and the sensitivities and specificities of each modality were determined. Results: Both the Iso-C3D and the CT were more specific for anatomic reduction (75% and 100%, respectively) than fluoroscopy (62%). For the malreduced trials, the Iso-C3D and CT were both 100% sensitive, and the sensitivity of fluoroscopy was 63% ( p < 0.001 for both). For the intra-articular screws, the Iso-C3D and CT were accurate in all cases (sensitivities = 100%), and fluoroscopy was accurate in five of the eight trials for both joints (sensitivities = 63%). Finally, with screws protruding through the medial wall, the sensitivity of fluoroscopy was 25%, for the Iso-C3D 88% ( p = 0.02), and for CT was 100% ( p = 0.003). Conclusions: Three-dimensional fluoroscopic imaging is more accurate than 2D fluoroscopy for detection of intra-articular incongruities and implant position and is similar to CT. Clinical Relevance: This new technology may be particularly useful in assessing calcaneal fractures and may lead to improved fracture reduction, less implant misplacement, and improved patient outcomes.
Une introduction à la ville sensible
Authors: Frias Anibal
Published: November 2007

Resumo: O estudo da cidade e, mais amplamente, do mundo sensiveis, inscreve-se as avessas do metodo estrutural, a fim de fazer emergir as formas sensiveis da existência social. A noçâo de experiência é central: ela articula a sensorialidade, a express ividade e um saber feito de vivência. О universo social e urbano surgi entdo sob os traços de uma realidade viva, fluida e abrangente.
Population‐based analysis of left‐ and right‐sided diaphragmatic hernias demonstrates different frequencies of selected additional anomalies
Authors: Slavotinek Anne M. , Warmerdam Barbara , Lin Angela E. , Shaw Gary M.
Published: November 2007

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common birth defect that can be subdivided into several different types depending on the anatomical structures affected. Several studies have demonstrated that right‐sided CDH (R‐CDH) and left‐sided CDH (L‐CDH) in humans are associated with different clinical presentations and outcomes. We hypothesized that R‐CDH and L‐CDH are phenotypically and pathogenically distinct, and that the frequency of associated anomalies would differ among patients with R‐CDH compared to patients with L‐CDH. Using population‐based data from ongoing studies in the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program (CBDMP), we compared 146 CDH cases, 38 with R‐CDH (26%) and 108 with L‐CDH (74%). The frequencies of atrial septal defect (1/38 R‐CDH and 20/108 L‐CDH cases; P = 0.015), bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia (22/108 L‐CDH cases and 15/38 R‐CDH cases; P = 0.029), abnormal skull or facial shape (17/108 L‐CDH patients and 1/38 R‐CDH cases; P = 0.043), assorted digital anomalies excluding syndactyly, polydactyly or absence of a digit (13/108 L‐CDH patients and 0/38 R‐CDH patients; P = 0.021) and assorted limb anomalies excluding limb reduction defects (18/108 L‐CDH patients and 0.38 R‐CDH patients; P = 0.004) all showed a statistically significant difference in frequency between R‐ and L‐CDH patients. This descriptive epidemiological study using newborn surveillance data represents the largest comparison of right and left‐sided CDH patients so far performed. Several anomalies as listed above were noted to be different in frequency between R‐ and L‐CDH patients, although the interpretation of the significant variability in the frequency of these anomalies is not yet established and the findings require replication. Birth defects monitoring programs can provide the interface for epidemiology and clinical genetics, which in this case, may generate hypotheses to establish the pathogenesis of CDH laterality. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ring‐opening graft polymerization of L‐lactide onto starch granules in an ionic liquid
Authors: Xu Qi , Wang Qingrong , Liu Lijian
Published: November 2007

A room temperature ionic liquid 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIM]Cl) was a promising direct solvent for starch and nonderivitizing solvent for starch‐effective dissolution, in which the ring‐opening graft polymerization (ROGP) of L‐lactide (L‐LA) onto starch chains was carried out homogeneously. The obtained starch grafted poly(L‐lactide) (starch‐g‐PLLA) was characterized by FTIR, 13C NMR, DSC, and WAXD, and the good adhesion between the two components was evidenced by SEM observations although the chains of grafted PLLA were not long. The grafting efficiency of PLLA reached 30% when the ROGP proceeded at 100°C for 10 h with L‐LA/starch 0.5 : 1 (wt/wt) and stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)2) as a catalyst, which was calculated according to a standard curve newly created by FTIR method. The homopolymerization of L‐LA and the disconnection of grafted PLLA from starch‐g‐PLLA were the main competition reactions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effects of cononsolvency on preferential adsorption phenomenon in poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) ternary solutions
Authors: Chen Jean‐Hong , Chen Hsiu‐Hsiu , Chang Ying‐Xun , Chuang Pei‐Ying , Hong Po‐Da
Published: November 2007

In this work, the effect of cononsolvency on the phase transition and preferential adsorption phenomenon behaviors of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/methanol/water ternary solutions was studied. In this cononsolvent system, the
$\Delta\overline{V}^{E}$, $\Delta\overline{G}^{m}$, and χ12 values show a nonlinear behavior and the minimum values of $\Delta\overline{V}^{E}$
and $\Delta\overline{G}^m$, while the maximum value of χ12 at ϕ2 is around 0.7. These facts indicated that one water molecule could directly bond with one methanol molecule to form the H2OMeOH complex. The H2OMeOH complex structure was found to remarkably affect the phase transition of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) in ternary solution. However, at the composition of mixed cononsolvent, ϕ2 < 0.2, the PNIPAM molecules may preferentially adsorbed pure water molecules; therefore, the LCST decreases slightly with composition of mixed cosolvent and this may be because of the small amount of H2OMeOH complexes in the mixed cononsolvent. While, at ϕ2 > 0.7, the PNIPAM molecules may preferentially adsorbed pure methanol molecules. PNIPAM ternary solutions were transparent and no transition occurred in this region. This indicates that the PNIPAM coils exhibited a much‐extended conformation in solutions. In contrast, at 0.2 < ϕ2 < 0.4 and 0.4 < ϕ2 < 0.7, PNIPAM molecules preferentially adsorbed water and methanol molecules, respectively, and also adsorbed large amount of H2OMeOH complexes. In these regions, the clathrate‐like structure around the side chain of PNIPAM molecule became more defected with adsorbing H2OMeOH complex. Therefore, we considered that the various thermodynamic behaviors between PNIPAM and mixture solvents must be related different preferential adsorption phenomena, which were mainly related to different degrees of polymer–solvent interaction and structures of solvent used. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Axial‐Bonding Heterotrimers Based on Tetrapyrrolic Rings: Synthesis, Characterization, and Redox and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Giribabu Lingamallu , Kumar Challuri Vijay , Reddy Paidi Yella
Published: November 2007

We prepared two heterooligomeric arrays based on free base/metalloporphyrins at axial positions and a metalloid phthalocyanine as a basal scaffolding unit by using the axial‐bonding capabilities as well as the known oxophilicity of dihydroxytin(IV) phthalocyanine. Both heterotrimers were completely characterized by elemental analysis, MALDI‐TOF MS, and1H NMR (one‐ and two‐dimensional), UV/Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry. The ground‐state properties indicate that there is minimal π–π interaction between the macrocyclic units. The excited‐state properties show that there is electronic energy transfer competing with photoinduced electron transfer from the singlet state of the axial porphyrin to the central metalloid phthalocyanine and a photoinduced electron transfer from the ground state of the axial porphyrin to the singlet state of the central metalloid phthalocyanine.
The impact of altered protein‐heme interactions on the resonance Raman spectra of heme proteins. Studies of heme rotational disorder
Authors: Rwere Freeborn , Mak Piotr J. , Kincaid James R.
Published: November 2007

Heme proteins that have been reconstituted with certain hemins may contain substantial fractions of a minor component in which the orientation of the heme in the folded pocket differs from the major (“native”) conformation by a 180° rotation about the α‐γ meso axis. In fact, this minor component has also been shown to exist in some native proteins, including several mammalian globins. While resonance Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful probe of active site structure of heme proteins, no systematic study has yet been undertaken to elucidate the specific spectral changes associated with this disorder. In the present work, combined analyses of the temporal behavior of both NMR and RR data sets have been completed to permit the extraction of a unique RR spectrum for the disoriented form, documenting rather dramatic changes associated with this rotational disorder. In addition, the use of protohemes bearing selectively deuterated peripheral methyl groups has permitted the association of the observed modes with specific fragments of the heme residing in the reversed orientation. The studies conducted here clearly illustrate the exquisite sensitivity of low frequency heme deformation modes to altered protein‐heme interactions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 179–186, 2008.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley. com
Theoretical Investigation on the Electronic and Geometric Structure of GaN2+ and GaN4+
Authors: Tzeli Demeter , Petsalakis Ioannis D. , Theodorakopoulos Giannoula
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Isosymmetrical Phase Transition and Charge Ordering in the Mixed Valence Vanadate β‐YbV4O8.
Authors: Friese Karen , Kanke Yasushi , Fitch Andy N. , Grzechnik Andrzej
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Homogeneous, Bulk Nanocrystalline Ni/Mo Alloys with Tripled Vickers Hardness Using Flame‐Made Metal Nanoparticles.
Authors: Athanassiou Evagelos K. , Grass Robert N. , Osterwalder Neil , Stark Wendelin J.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermal Expansion and Defect Chemistry of MgO‐Doped Sm2Zr2O7.
Authors: Qu Zhixue , Wan Chunlei , Pan Wei
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ionic Conduction in Ba0.95Ce0.8Ho0.2O3‐α.
Authors: Wang Mao‐Yuan , Qiu Li‐Gan , Ma Gui‐Lin
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Standard Molar Enthalpy of Formation of Hydrated Sodium Cupric Arsenate [NaCuAsO4×1.5H2O(s)].
Authors: Di Y.‐Y. , Chen J.‐T. , Tan Z.‐C.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Different Microstructures of β‐NaYF4 Fabricated by Hydrothermal Process: Effects of pH Values and Fluoride Sources.
Authors: Li Chunxia , Yang Jun , Quan Zewei , Yang Piaoping , Kong Deyan , Lin Jun
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Structure, and Upconversion Studies on Organically Templated Uranium Phosphites.
Authors: Mandal Sukhendu , Chandra Manabendra , Natarajan Srinivasan
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Single‐Step Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Nanostructured KxMn1‐yCoyO2‐δ with Controllable Chemical Compositions and Crystal Structures.
Authors: Lee Sun Hee , Kim Tae Woo , Park Dae Hoon , Choy Jin‐Ho , Hwang Seong‐Ju
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Modular Assembly of a Functional Polyoxometalate‐Based Open Framework Constructed from Unsupported AgI×××AgI Interactions.
Authors: Streb Carsten , Ritchie Chris , Long De‐Liang , Koegerler Paul , Cronin Leroy
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Novel Hemilabile Segphos P—P=O Ligands.
Authors: Fukuda Yoshimasa , Kondo Kazuhiro , Aoyama Toyohiko
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unprecedented Enantioselectivity in a Cluster‐Based Catalytic System.
Authors: Moberg Viktor , Haukka Matti , Koshevoy Igor O. , Ortiz Roberto , Nordlander Ebbe
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Olefins with Tributyltin Hydride.
Authors: Kim In Su , Dong Guang Ri , Jung Young Hoon
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intramolecular Ketenimine—Ketenimine [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] Cycloadditions.
Authors: Alajarin Mateo , Bonillo Baltasar , Sanchez‐Andrada Pilar , Vidal Angel , Bautista Delia
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regiochemistry of Copper(I)‐Mediated Cyclization Reactions of Halo‐dienamides.
Authors: Clark Andrew J. , Geden Joanna V. , Thom Stephen , Wilson Paul
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangements of Unstabilized Nitrogen Ylides.
Authors: Gawley Robert E. , Moon Kwangyul
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amidines as Potent Nucleophilic Organocatalysts for the Transfer of Electrophilic Bromine from N‐Bromosuccinimide to Alkenes.
Authors: Ahmad Simon M. , Braddock D. Christopher , Cansell Gemma , Hermitage Stephen A. , Redmond Joanna M. , White Andrew J. P.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Propargylic Alcohols by Base‐Promoted Alkynylation of Ketones with Ethynylbenzene Using Ionic Liquid [(bmim)PF6].
Authors: Jagtap Sachin R. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile, Mild, and Highly Enantioselective Alkynylzinc Addition to Aromatic Aldehydes by BINOL/N‐Methylimidazole Dual Catalysis.
Authors: Yang Fei , Xi Peihua , Yang Li , Lan Jingbo , Xie Rugang , You Jingsong
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Azines via Nucleophilic Oxidative Substitution of Hydrogen by Trifluoromethyl Carbanions.
Authors: Loska Rafal , Majcher Monika , Makosza Mieczyslaw
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iron Trichloride Mediated Allylation of Lithium Alkoxides Through an Unusual Carbon—Oxygen Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Kabalka George W. , Yao Min‐Liang , Borella Scott , Goins Laura K.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intramolecular and Intermolecular Schmidt Reactions of Alkyl Azides with Aldehydes.
Authors: Lee Huey‐Lih , Aube Jeffrey
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thiacalix[4]arene—Porphyrin Conjugates with High Selectivity Towards Fullerene C70.
Authors: Kundrat Ondrej , Kas Martin , Tkadlecova Marcela , Lang Kamil , Cvacka Josef , Stibor Ivan , Lhotak Pavel
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Calix[4]arene‐Based Ligands as Endotoxin Receptors.
Authors: Mecca Tommaso , Cunsolo Francesca
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photoswitchable Calix[4]arenes Bearing Dihydroacridine Substituents at the Upper Rim.
Authors: Grubert Lutz , Abraham Werner
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Pyrenyl‐Appended Tricalix[4]arene for Fluorescence‐Sensing of Al(III).
Authors: Othman Amel Ben , Lee Jeong Won , Huh Young‐Duk , Abidi Rym , Kim Jong Seung , Vicens Jacques
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Insights into the Reactivity of Thiacalix[2]thianthrenes: Synthesis and Structural Studies of Sulfoxide and Sulfone Derivatives.
Authors: Zieba Roman , Desroches Cedric , Jeanneau Erwan , Parola Stephane
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pyridine‐Functionalized C4 Symmetric Resorcinarenes.
Authors: McIldowie Matthew J. , Mocerino Mauro , Ogden Mark I. , Skelton Biran W.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Cleavage of 3,4‐Epoxy Alcohols with Substituted Alkynylaluminum Reagents: Application to the Stereoselective Synthesis of Polypropionates.
Authors: Davila Wilnelia , Torres Wildeliz , Prieto Jose A.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Synthesis of Amides from Alcohols and Amines with Liberation of H2.
Authors: Gunanathan Chidambaram , Ben‐David Yehoshoa , Milstein David
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Synthesis of 3,4‐Diaminobutanenitriles and 4‐Amino‐2‐butenenitriles from 2‐(Cyanomethyl)aziridines Through Intermediate Aziridinium Salts: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach.
Authors: D'hooghe Matthias , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Van Nieuwenhove Andries , Waroquier Michel , De Kimpe Nobert
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on Highly Stereoselective Addition—Elimination Reactions of 3‐(Methoxycarbonyl)‐1,2‐allen‐4‐ols with MX. An Efficient Synthesis of 3‐(Methoxycarbonyl)‐2‐halo‐1,3(Z)‐dienes.
Authors: Deng Youqian , Jin Xin , Ma Shengming
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design and Synthesis of Chiral N‐Chloroimidodicarbonates: Application to Asymmetric Chlorination of Silyl Enol Ethers.
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Bhowmick Manishabrata , Maji Biswajit , Sinha Debarshi
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tetrazolic Acid Functionalized Dihydroindol: Rational Design of a Highly Selective Cyclopropanation Organocatalyst.
Authors: Hartikka Antti , Arvidsson Per I.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simple Approach to the Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of trans‐1,2‐Cyclopropane Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Hui , Cao Wei‐Guo , Ren Zhong‐Jiao , Chen Jie , Sun Ru‐Shu , Hu Ji‐Rong , Qian Jia‐Xian , Deng Hong‐Mei
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of a Cage Enone: Synthesis of Aralkyl Substituted Tetracyclo[5.3.1.0[2,6].0[4,8]]undeca‐9,11‐diones and the Formation of Fascinating Novel Cage Compounds with Pyrrole and Thiophene Using Montmorillonite K‐10.
Authors: James Beena , Suresh E. , Nair Mangalam S.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bromination of Deactivated Aromatics: A Simple and Efficient Method.
Authors: Rajesh K. , Somasundaram M. , Saiganesh R. , Balasubramanian K. K.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluoride Ion Catalyzed 1,2‐Desilylative Defluorination: Syntheses of 1‐Substituted 2,2‐Difluorostyrenes.
Authors: Nakamura Yutaka , Uneyama Kenji
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Chloroanilines: Selective Hydrogenation of the Nitro in Chloronitrobenzenes over Zirconia‐Supported Gold Catalyst.
Authors: He Daiping , Shi Hui , Wu Yu , Xu Bo‐Qing
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N,N′‐Ditosylhydrazine: A Convenient Reagent for Facile Synthesis of Diazoacetates.
Authors: Toma Tatsuya , Shimokawa Jun , Fukuyama Tohru
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bimorpholine‐Mediated Enantioselective Intramolecular and Intermolecular Aldol Condensation.
Authors: Kanger Tonis , Kriis Kadri , Laars Marju , Kailas Tiiu , Mueuerisepp Aleksander‐Mati , Pehk Tonis , Lopp Margus
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.