bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the coupling instability of a gas jet impinging on a liquid film
Authors: Barreiro-Villaverde David , Gosset Anne , Lema Marcos , Mendez Miguel A.
Published: August 2024

We investigate the dynamics of a gas jet impinging perpendicular to a thin liquid film dragged by a rising vertical substrate. This configuration is relevant to the jet-wiping process in hot-dip galvanization and it is unstable. Previous studies analysed the dynamics of the instability in the case of liquids with low Kapitza numbers (highly viscous liquids), more amenable to experimental and numerical investigations. This work extends the previous investigations by focusing on the wiping at much higher Kapitza numbers, which are more relevant to the galvanizing process. The simulations are carried out by combining volume of fluid and large-eddy simulations, and the dynamics of the gas–liquid interaction is analysed using extended multiscale proper orthogonal decomposition. The simulations allowed for analysing the jet-wiping instability in new flow conditions. Despite the largely different conditions, the results show that the interaction between the gas jet and the liquid film is qualitatively similar, featuring two-dimensional waves in the liquid correlated with oscillations and deflections of the gas jet in all cases. The wave characteristics (e.g. frequency and propagation speed) scale remarkably well using the Shkadov-like scaling based on the liquid, suggesting a dominant role of the liquid film in the coupling, and potentially enabling extrapolation of the results to a broader range of wiping conditions. Finally, we use the numerical results to discuss the limitations of liquid-film models, which constitute currently the only possible approach to study the jet-wiping process in industrial conditions.
The Trials and Consolations of Migrant-Serving Faith-Based Organizations
Authors: Kerwin Donald
Published: August 2024

This article is a response to Christians in public and private life who favor policies, employ rhetoric, and view migrants in ways that contravene their faith traditions. Speaking primarily from the perspective of Christian migrant-serving, faith-based organizations in the United States, the author examines their challenges, sources of consolation, and understanding of migrants in light of their work and religious touchstones in an era of political polarization and unprecedented forced displacement. He outlines an inclusive path forward, rooted in a commitment to the common good, to solidarity with the displaced, and to a deeper understanding of the hopes, aspirations, and gifts of migrants.
“Granting” Justice, Debating Delinquency: The Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses Control Act and the UNC Training Center on Delinquency and Youth Crime, 1961–1967
Authors: Short Julia
Published: August 2024

This article argues that 1961 to 1967 was a critical period when federal, state, and academic institutions looked with hope toward emerging methods in behavioral and social psychology to train juvenile justice officials and to treat delinquent children. Reflecting liberal optimism regarding the possibility of reforming individual behavior without structural change, the Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses Control Act of 1961 provided project funding to cities, nonprofits, and universities. Using the University of North Carolina’s Training Center on Delinquency and Youth Crime as a case study, this article examines how federal funding was used for “experiments” with group therapy, youth incarceration, and cocreation of juvenile justice. Though largely inconclusive, these experiments demonstrated the existence of alternatives to the hyperinstitutionalization of juvenile offenders that accelerated after the Supreme Court’s 1967 decision of In re Gault.
On the fringes of empire? Rethinking suburbs as colonial spaces in early modern South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Lyna Dries
Published: August 2024

This survey challenges conventional perceptions of colonial suburbs in the early modern Indian Ocean world in general, and those under the rule of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in particular. Recent urban research advocates re-evaluating suburbs as intricate and diverse spaces, yet this shift has had limited impact on historical studies of early modern colonialism. The survey highlights the importance of recognizing suburban regions in eighteenth-century settlements such as Cape Town, Cochin, Colombo or Batavia, where significant population growth resulted from inter-Asian and internal migration. These areas fostered ethnic and cultural diversity, disrupting normative ideas of segregation. By shifting the analytical focus from the core to the periphery and exploring colonial histories from an outside-in perspective, the contribution emphasizes the potential of a more horizontal approach to sub/urbanity for understanding early modern colonial societies, encouraging scholars to delve into the intersection of ‘the imperial’ and ‘the urban’.
Supersonic Waves Generated by the 18 November 2023 Starship Flight and Explosions: Unexpected Northward Propagation and a Man‐Made Non‐chemical Depletion
Authors: Yasyukevich Y. V. , Vesnin A. M. , Astafyeva E. , Maletckii B. M. , Lebedev V. P. , Padokhin A. M.
Published: August 2024

On 18 November 2023, SpaceX launched the Starship, the tallest and the most powerful rocket ever built. The Super Heavy engine separated from the Starship spacecraft and exploded at 90 km of altitude, while the main core Starship continued to rise up to 149 km and exploded after ∼8 min of flight. In this work, we used data from ground‐based GNSS receivers and we analyzed total electron content (TEC) response to the Starship flight and the two explosions. For the first time, we observed large‐distance northward propagation of intensive 2,000 km V‐shaped ionospheric disturbances from the rocket trajectory. The observed perturbations, most likely, represent shock waves propagating with the cone angle of ∼14° on the North and ∼7° on the South against the flight track that corresponds to the Mach angle of the shock waves in the lower atmosphere. The Starship explosion also produced a non‐chemical depletion in the ionospheric TEC.
CRISPR screen of venetoclax response-associated genes identifies transcription factor ZNF740 as a key functional regulator
Authors: Zhang Lixia , Zhou Xinyue , Aryal Sajesan , Veasey Virginia , Zhang Pengcheng , Li Fu Jun , Luan Yu , Bhatia Ravi , Zhou Yang , Lu Rui
Published: August 2024

BCL-2 inhibitors such as venetoclax offer therapeutic promise in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other cancers, but drug resistance poses a significant challenge. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms that regulate venetoclax response. While correlative studies have identified numerous genes linked to venetoclax sensitivity, their direct impact on the drug response remains unclear. In this study, we targeted around 1400 genes upregulated in venetoclax-sensitive primary AML samples and carried out a CRISPR knockout screen to evaluate their direct effects on venetoclax response. Our screen identified the transcription factor ZNF740 as a critical regulator, with its expression consistently predicting venetoclax sensitivity across subtypes of the FAB classification. ZNF740 depletion leads to increased resistance to ventoclax, while its overexpression enhances sensitivity to the drug. Mechanistically, our integrative transcriptomic and genomic analysis identifies NOXA as a direct target of ZNF740, which negatively regulates MCL-1 protein stability. Loss of ZNF740 downregulates NOXA and increases the steady state protein levels of MCL-1 in AML cells. Restoring NOXA expression in ZNF740-depleted cells re-sensitizes AML cells to venetoclax treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that dual targeting of MCL-1 and BCL-2 effectively treats ZNF740-deficient AML in vivo. Together, our work systematically elucidates the causal relationship between venetoclax response signature genes and establishes ZNF740 as a novel transcription factor regulating venetoclax sensitivity.
Simulation-driven design of stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 immunogens
Authors: Nuqui Xandra , Casalino Lorenzo , Zhou Ling , Shehata Mohamed , Wang Albert , Tse Alexandra L. , Ojha Anupam A. , Kearns Fiona L. , Rosenfeld Mia A. , Miller Emily Happy , Acreman Cory M. , Ahn Surl-Hee , Chandran Kartik , McLellan Jason S. , Amaro Rommie E.
Published: August 2024

The full-length prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) is the principal antigen of COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine efficacy has been impacted by emerging variants of concern that accumulate most of the sequence modifications in the immunodominant S1 subunit. S2, in contrast, is the most evolutionarily conserved region of the spike and can elicit broadly neutralizing and protective antibodies. Yet, S2’s usage as an alternative vaccine strategy is hampered by its general instability. Here, we use a simulation-driven approach to design S2-only immunogens stabilized in a closed prefusion conformation. Molecular simulations provide a mechanistic characterization of the S2 trimer’s opening, informing the design of tryptophan substitutions that impart kinetic and thermodynamic stabilization. Structural characterization via cryo-EM shows the molecular basis of S2 stabilization in the closed prefusion conformation. Informed by molecular simulations and corroborated by experiments, we report an engineered S2 immunogen that exhibits increased protein expression, superior thermostability, and preserved immunogenicity against sarbecoviruses.
Resilient water infrastructure partnerships in institutionally complex systems face challenging supply and financial risk tradeoffs
Authors: Hamilton A. L. , Reed P. M. , Gupta R. S. , Zeff H. B. , Characklis G. W.
Published: August 2024

As regions around the world invest billions in new infrastructure to overcome increasing water scarcity, better guidance is needed to facilitate cooperative planning and investment in institutionally complex and interconnected water supply systems. This work combines detailed water resource system ensemble modeling with multiobjective intelligent search to explore infrastructure investment partnership design in the context of ongoing canal rehabilitation and groundwater banking in California. Here we demonstrate that severe tradeoffs can emerge between conflicting goals related to water supply deliveries, partnership size, and the underlying financial risks associated with cooperative infrastructure investments. We show how hydroclimatic variability and institutional complexity can create significant uncertainty in realized water supply benefits and heterogeneity in partners’ financial risks that threaten infrastructure investment partnership viability. We demonstrate how multiobjective intelligent search can design partnerships with substantially higher water supply benefits and a fraction of the financial risk compared to status quo planning processes. This work has important implications globally for efforts to use cooperative infrastructure investments to enhance the climate resilience and financial stability of water supply systems.
Grasp and remember: the impact of human and robotic actions on object preference and memory
Authors: Kafkas Alex , Rowland Megan , Gallina Paolo , Ticini Luca F.
Published: August 2024

Goal contagion, the tendency to adopt others' goals, significantly impacts cognitive processes, which gains particular importance in the emerging field of human–robot interactions. The present study explored how observing human versus robotic actions affects preference and memory. Series of objects undergoing either human or robotic grasping actions together with static (no action) objects were presented, while participants indicated their preference for each object. After a short delay, their memory for grasped, static and new (unstudied) stimuli was tested. Human actions enhanced preference and subsequent recollection of objects, more than robotic actions. In the context of human action, static objects were also perceived as more familiar at recognition. The goal contagion's influence on memory was found to be independent from its impact on preference. These findings highlight the critical role of human interaction in eliciting the impact of goal contagion on cognitive evaluations, memory engagement and the creation of detailed associative memories.
Differential expression of ion channel coding genes in the endometrium of women experiencing recurrent implantation failures
Authors: Davoodi Nik Bahar , Hashemi Karoii Danial , Favaedi Raha , Ramazanali Fariba , Jahangiri Maryam , Movaghar Bahar , Shahhoseini Maryam
Published: August 2024

Our study probed the differences in ion channel gene expression in the endometrium of women with Recurrent Implantation Failure (RIF) compared to fertile women. We analyzed the relative expression of genes coding for T-type Ca2+, ENaC, CFTR, and KCNQ1 channels in endometrial samples from 20 RIF-affected and 10 control women, aged 22–35, via microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, we examined DNA methylation in the regulatory region of KCNQ1 using ChIP real-time PCR. The bioinformatics component of our research included Gene Ontology analysis, protein–protein interaction networks, and signaling pathway mapping to identify key biological processes and pathways implicated in RIF. This led to the discovery of significant alterations in the expression of ion channel genes in RIF women’s endometrium, most notably an overexpression of CFTR and reduced expression of SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1G, CACNA1H, and KCNQ1. A higher DNA methylation level of KCNQ1’s regulatory region was also observed in RIF patients. Gene-set enrichment analysis highlighted a significant presence of genes involved with ion transport and membrane potential regulation, particularly in sodium and calcium channel complexes, which are vital for cation movement across cell membranes. Genes were also enriched in broader ion channel and transmembrane transporter complexes, underscoring their potential extensive role in cellular ion homeostasis and signaling. These findings suggest a potential involvement of ion channels in the pathology of implantation failure, offering new insights into the mechanisms behind RIF and possible therapeutic targets.
Plasmon-driven chemical transformation of a secondary amide probed by surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Dutta Anushree , Ončák Milan , Izadi Farhad , Arthur-Baidoo Eugene , Ameixa João , Denifl Stephan , Bald Ilko
Published: August 2024

Plasmon-driven chemical conversion is gaining burgeoning interest in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we study the reactivity of N-methyl-4-sulfanylbenzamide (NMSB) at nanocavities of gold and silver nanoparticle aggregates under plasmonic excitation to gain understanding of the respective reaction mechanism. NMSB is a secondary amide, which is a frequent binding motive found in peptides and a common coupling product of organic molecules and biomolecules. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is used as a two-in-one in-situ spectroscopic tool to initiate the molecular transformation process and simultaneously monitor and analyze the reaction products. Supported by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) studies with the gas phase molecule, a hot electron-mediated conversion of NMSB to p-mercaptobenzamide and p-mercaptobenzonitrile is proposed at the plasmonic nanocavities. The reaction rate showed negligible dependence on the external temperature, ruling out the dominant role of heat in the chemical transformation at the plasmonic interface. This is reflected in the absence of a superlinear relationship between the reaction rate constant and the laser power density, and DEA and SERS studies indicate a hot-electron mediated pathway. We conclude that the overall reaction rate is limited by the availability of energetic hot electrons to the NMSB molecule.
Role of Lipids and Proteins as Additives in Sensory and Functionality Enhancers in Food Systems
Authors: Weerawarna N. R. P. M.
Published: August 2024

Proteins and lipids play different functionalities in food systems. This chapter focuses on the roles of protein- and lipid-based additives primarily on the sensory profiles of different food matrices. Advances in protein additives include the formulation of plant protein-based meat analogues, insect proteins, non-dairy gels, and edible films or coatings. Recent research on lipid additives mainly focused on micro- or nanocarriers and microbial fats. Both protein and lipid additives contain novel sources of proteins and lipids, which are processed through advanced technologies to enhance the stability of food matrices and sensory acceptability.
Advancing catalysis research through FAIR data principles implemented in a local data infrastructure – a case study of an automated test reactor
Authors: Moshantaf Abdulrhman , Wesemann Michael , Beinlich Simeon , Junkes Heinz , Schumann Julia , Alkan Baris , Kube Pierre , Marshall Clara Patricia , Pfister Nils , Trunschke Annette
Published: August 2024

Digitalisation in experimental catalysis research: we are introducing machine-readable standard operating procedures combined with automated data acquisition, storage and sharing to improve research efficiency and reproducibility.
First-principles investigation of an efficient non-noble single-atom catalyst Fe1/Ti2CO2 for formaldehyde oxidation
Authors: Zhang Yongkang , Fu Yuting , Su Kaibin , Wang Yuhang , Wang Fengping
Published: August 2024

Indoor formaldehyde (HCHO) removal holds paramount significance for human health, particularly in mild conditions. Fe1/Ti2CO2 is an efficient catalyst that can remove indoor formaldehyde.
A Gd(iii)-labelled self-assembling peptide as a potential pH-responsive MRI contrast agent
Authors: Ocampo Carlo Martin M. , Villaraza Aaron Joseph L.
Published: August 2024

A marine-derived peptide labelled with a Gd(iii)-chelate was found to self-assemble depending on the solution pH, accompanied by changes in T1-relaxivity (r1) values when in the dispersed or self-assembled form.
Cl−-templated coordination polymers constructed from dragonfly-like Ln4 clusters exhibiting excellent magnetothermal properties
Authors: Bai Xu , Wang Jian , Wang Qin , Yu Ya-Ting , Li Jia-Nian , Mei Hua , Xu Yan
Published: August 2024

Structural analysis indicates that the two compounds have the same cubane-like Ln4 metal skeleton and form an interesting dragonfly molecular configuration by connecting to HIN.
Synthesis and reactivity of air stable Ni(ii) complexes with isocyanides and dialkyldithiophosphate ligands: acyclic diaminocarbene formation
Authors: Álvarez-Miguel Lucía , del Carmen-Rodríguez Clara , Valle María , Álvarez Celedonio M. , Martín-Álvarez José M. , García-Rodríguez Raúl , Miguel Daniel
Published: August 2024

A family of new neutral and cationic air- and moisture-tolerant dialkyldithiophosphate Ni(ii) complexes bearing two isocyanides as ideal precursors for the preparation of Ni-ADCs.
Pre-equilibrium reactions involving pendent relays improve CO2 reduction mediated by molecular Cr-based electrocatalysts
Authors: Moberg Megan E. , Reid Amelia G. , Dickie Diane A. , Machan Charles W.
Published: August 2024

Non-covalent interactions between reduced chromium complexes and a cationic acid during homogeneous carbon dioxide reduction introduce pre-equilibrium effects which impact the operating potential and turnover frequency of catalysis.
Singlet oxygen is not the main source of electrolyte degradation in lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Zor Ceren , Jones Kieran D. , Rees Gregory J. , Yang Sixie , Pateman Alexander , Gao Xiangwen , Johnson Lee R. , Bruce Peter G.
Published: August 2024

The lithium–oxygen field has focused on singlet oxygen’s role in cell degradation. This study shows no significant reaction between singlet oxygen and the electrolyte or carbon cathode, confirming it is not the major degradation source.
Arachidonic acid enhances hepatocyte bile acid uptake and alleviates cholestatic liver disease by upregulating OATP1 expression
Authors: Ma Yanlu , Zou Chen , Yang Yilan , Fang Miao , Guan Yunfeng , Sun Jianqi , Gao Yueqiu , Shang Zhi , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2024

Cholestatic liver disease is caused by disorders of bile synthesis, secretion, and excretion.
Doxorubicin-loaded DNA origami nanostructures: stability in vitreous and their uptake and toxicity in ocular cells
Authors: Klose Anna , Gounani Zahra , Ijäs Heini , Lajunen Tatu , Linko Veikko , Laaksonen Timo
Published: August 2024

Doxorubicin-loaded DNA origami required additional Mg2+ to be stable in cell medium and vitreous at 37 °C. In retinal epithelial cells (ARPE-19), they were well-tolerated, but limited in their uptake.
The developments of C–N bond formation via electrochemical Ritter-type reactions
Authors: Ma Yueyue , Liu Caixia , Yang Dali , Fang Ziqi , Huang Wenhui , Cheng Ruihua , Ye Jinxing
Published: August 2024

In this review, the achievements made in Ritter-type amination through electrochemical, flow-electrochemical and photoelectrochemical strategies are introduced based on the classification of reaction substrates.
Catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) using coal-based nano-carbon materials
Authors: Luo Hongchao , Liu Xinjuan
Published: August 2024

Coal-based carbon materials (CCMs) can function as either standalone catalysts or as components of composite catalysts, making them promising materials for CO2 reduction.
Upgrading furfural to bio-fuels using supported molybdenum carbides: study of the support effect
Authors: Sosa Leticia F. , de Souza Priscilla M. , Rafael Raphaela A. , Marceau Eric , Briois Valérie , Toniolo Fabio S. , Noronha Fabio B. , Dumeignil Franck , Paul Sébastien
Published: August 2024

Materials exhibiting different textural and surface properties (SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2 and ZSM-5) were investigated as supports for Mo carbides in the upgrading of furfural (FF) in liquid phase to produce 2-methylfuran (2MF).
Characterization of Cl-doped two-dimensional (PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite single crystals for fast neutron and gamma ray detection
Authors: Xie Wei , Gong Sha , Hu Fuyun , Peng Liping
Published: August 2024

Based on the principle of fast neutron detection, the Cl-doped (PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite can quickly identify the neutrons and γ-photon in the mixed field, and the arrival time of the γ-photon is earlier than the fast neutron.
Buckypaper made with carbon nanotubes derived from CO2
Authors: Licht Gad , Hofstetter Kyle , Licht Stuart
Published: August 2024

A carbanogel made from CO2 was used to make new forms of buckypaper.
Bioengineering of one dimensional hierarchical Cu7S4 hollow nanotubes for non-enzymatic glucose sensing applications
Authors: Welegergs Giday G. , Ambaye Abera D. , Jokazi Mbulelo , Nwahara Nnamdi , Nyokong Tebello
Published: August 2024

Herein, a novel and eco-friendly green chemistry approach has been devised at room temperature for synthesis of 1D hierarchical Cu7S4 hollow nanotubes via volatile organosulfur compounds from Allium sativum L for non-enzymatic glucose detection.
Drug release system based on a composite polycaprolactone nanofiber membrane with dual functionality of shape memory effect and antibacterial ability
Authors: Le Le Thi , Nguyen Hue Thi , Bui Ha Thi Thu , Tran Huy Quang , Nguyen Thuy Thi Thu
Published: August 2024

The shape memory performance of the electrospun polycaprolactone composite nanofiber membrane was improved, tuning its drug release behavior and antibacterial activity.
Synthetic cation channel: reconstructing the ion permeation pathway of TRPA1 in an artificial system
Authors: Xin Pengyang , Ren Wenke , Zhu Qiuhui , Wang Jie , Sun Yonghui , Chang Junbiao , Zhu Gongming
Published: August 2024

The carboxyl-modified ion permeation pathway in TRPA1 channel protein was reconstructed in an artificial system. The transport activity of this artificial channel is tunable via external pH due to the carboxyl groups in the ion permeation pathway.
Correction: 3D-engineered WO3 microspheres assembled by 2D nanosheets with superior sodium storage capacity
Authors: Sengupta Shilpi , Sudakar C. , Kundu Manab
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘3D-engineered WO3 microspheres assembled by 2D nanosheets with superior sodium storage capacity’ by Shilpi Sengupta et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 15706–15712, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA01800A
The fluid dynamics of a viscoelastic fluid dripping onto a substrate
Authors: Zinelis Konstantinos , Abadie Thomas , McKinley Gareth H. , Matar Omar K.
Published: August 2024

We determine via simulations the optimal operational limits of a Dripping-on-Substrate (DoS) rheometer for dissolved polymers. We also present a methodology for improved extensional rheometry measurements with DoS.
Accessing the free expansion of a crystalline colloidal drop by optical experiments
Authors: Witt Marcus U. , Nguyen G. H. Philipp , von Puttkamer-Luerssen Josefine R. , Yilderim Can H. , Wagner Johannes A. B. , Malek Ebrahim , Juretzka Sabrina , Meyrelles Jorge L. , Hofmann Maximilan , Löwen Hartmut , Palberg Thomas
Published: August 2024

Exploiting multiple scattering, we measure the time-dependent density profile of an opalescent but turbid colloidal crystal ball in particle-free environment.
3D printed piezoelectric composite filament width and height prediction using individual and stacking ensemble of machine learning algorithms
Authors: Shi Xiaoquan , Sun Yazhou , Zhang Hangqi , Yuan Zikai , Tian Haiying , Liu Haitao
Published: August 2024

The dimensions of extrusion printed filament determine its processing resolution and efficiency. Filament width and height are related to printing process parameters. BaTiO3/PDMS piezoelectric composite was selected to study the effects of four key process parameters, namely nozzle diameter, nondimensional height, extrusion pressure, and printing speed, on the filament width and height. Five individual machine learning models are established to predict the dimension of printed lines. For the models demonstrating good prediction performance, an ensemble learning model based on stacking method is established. The findings indicate that the prediction performance of ensemble learning surpasses that of individual models. Specifically, the coefficient of determination for predicting filament width and height reaches 0.9370 and 0.9646, respectively.
A comprehensive metal additive manufacturing platform to transform the marine industry
Authors: Keshavarzan Mohsen , Mohammadi Mohsen
Published: August 2024

Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) is one of the underwater marine additive manufacturing (MAM) technologies known for its capability to build up on semi-finished products. This allows for the creation of complex structures and repair the damaged or worn-out areas. Employing this underwater technology needs a lot of consideration regarding the harsh environment of the ocean. This research endeavours to identify nickel-aluminium bronze’s structural characteristics printed underwater. Simulation studies can help to analyse grain and phase evolution, defects, and melt pool behaviour, enabling the optimization of printing parameters for high-quality marine alloy components. To achieve that a control systems and machine learning algorithms need to developed to enhance precision in the 3D printing process on a moving platform, addressing the challenges of six distinct vessel movements at sea. This integration aims to improve accuracy, contributing to optimal performance in dynamic maritime environments.
Design and development of a small-scale cement-based 3D printing robot extrusion nozzle
Authors: Disu Oluwatimilehin , Ismail Sikiru , Wood Luke , Chrysanthou Andreas , Kanellopoulos Antonios
Published: August 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, offers great potential to create complex structures layer by layer from computer-aided design (CAD) models. Despite advancements in printable concrete technology, controlling printing quality remains a challenge associated with both the geometric and materials design of the printer nozzle, especially for small-scale printing that may be required by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, this study explored the design and development of a robot nozzle system, optimised for a small-scale 3D printing of cement-based structures. Key design considerations included weight, nozzle diameter/shape, material compatibility, flow control, mixing mechanism, temperature resistance, cost-effectiveness, adaptability, safety, and ease of maintenance. Iterative designs were developed, focusing on stress concentration mitigation and material flow optimisation. The challenge of incorporating mixing mechanisms during nozzle designs was discussed, leading to the adoption of an on-demand accelerator spraying system. This method involved a micro-peristaltic pump connected to an accelerator tank, spraying accelerator onto the surface of the deposited material, as the robot moved along its programmed path. Evidently, both the nozzle design and the spraying approach improved the buildability and print quality of the extrusion-based 3D-printed cement-based structures.
Modelling and bending analysis of a 3D-printed sandwich structure with an auxetic star-4 core
Authors: Hartl Christoph , Katrakova-Krüger Danka , Ho Hodaiah
Published: August 2024

Quasi-static 3-point bending of additive manufactured sandwich components with auxetic star-4 cores was investigated to obtain information on the influence of geometry parameters of the auxetic structure on the stress distribution of the face sheets. Experiments were carried out on specimens manufactured by fused deposition modelling from a PLA polymer to verify a simulation model for analyses. A hyperelastic material model was used in the finite element models to describe the elastic material behaviour and a hardening model to consider plasticity. Nanoindentation tests on the printed structures were conducted to identify the material parameters with modelling the nanoindentation procedure using the finite element method and applying automated optimisation techniques. This approach enabled an accurate reproduction of the nanoindentation tests in the simulations. The derived models for analysing the auxetic geometry have shown that the stress distribution in the face sheets of the sandwich components can be noticeably influenced with targeted changing the wall thicknesses of the auxetic star-4 structure. The simulations have also made it apparent that more effort is required to take into account the influences of the printing process on the deformation behaviour of the sandwich structure in the simulation model.
Improved tribological performance of TiAlSiN coated cemented carbide specimens via a pulsed magnetic field treatment
Authors: Zhang Lin , Long Haochen , Wu Mingxia , Yang Gang , Yang Yi , Liu Jian
Published: August 2024

Pulsed magnetic field treatment, as a novel, quick and environmentally friendly post-processing approach can directly modify the coated tools without causing damage. This study examined the wear performance of the TiAlSiN-coated cemented carbide block specimens treated by the pulsed magnetic fields in both dry friction and cutting fluid friction. The findings show that TiAlSiN coating block specimens subjected to pulsed magnetic fields exhibit better wear resistance in both friction conditions. The wear rate of the coating decreases by 21.49% in a dry friction environment, and the friction process becomes more stable while the wear width of the coating decreases by 4.60% in the cutting fluid friction environment. In addition, the nano-indentation tests show that the hardness and elastic modulus of the coating increases by 6.58% and 5.64%, and the coating binding force increases by 15.27% after the treatment.
Effect of the individual layer thickness and relative blanking clearance on micro-blanking for Cu/Nb multilayer composite sheets
Authors: Li Hushan , Liu Xinyuan , Wang Jingyi , Xu Zhenhai , Ding Chaogang , Xu Jie , Guo Bin , Shan Debin
Published: August 2024

In this study, two types of Cu/Nb multilayer composite sheets with individual layer thicknesses of 11.11 μm and 0.35 μm, respectively, were first prepared and then tested by micro-blanking. The results show that the sheets of 0.35 μm exhibit higher ultimate tensile and shear strengths, and greater elongation, compared to those with an individual layer thickness of 11.11 μm. The sheet with an individual layer thickness of 11.11 μm achieves optimal blanking accuracy at a relative blanking clearance of 7%. Additionally, when the relative blanking clearance is 3%, it exhibits a significant proportion of smooth areas on the shear surface. Investigation of the shear surface at different ratios of punch stroke to sheet thickness (h/t) reveals that the Cu/Nb multilayer composite sheet experiences significant extrusion and bending during the micro-blanking process. Furthermore, the laminated structure exhibits remarkable continuity and deformation mobility, delaying crack formation. This study provides theoretical support for the plastic micro-blanking technology of multilayer composite.
Assessment of Machinability of Ti6Al4V Alloy Under Dry Conditions
Authors: Younas Muhammad , Mohammed Sambo Abdulkadir , Asim Taimoor , Saharudin Shahneel
Published: August 2024

Titanium alloys pose significant challenges during machining, necessitates a thorough investigation into the impact of process parameters on machining Ti6Al4V alloy. This study investigates into the machinability of Ti6Al4V alloy under dry machining conditions using uncoated tools. The experimental design studiedthe effect of process parameters on the cutting power, surface roughness and material removal rate during dry machining of Ti6Al4V alloy. Utilizing Taguchi design of experiments, unified cutting experiments were conducted under dry conditions employing uncoated tools. The study findings revealed that optimal cutting parameters lead to improved cutting energy consumption, reduced tool wear, and enhanced surface finish and material rates. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and regression modelling were employed to obtain an objective function capable of predicting the best cutting conditions. ANOVA showed that cutting speed is the main factor for an increase in the cutting power with major contribution of 73 % whereas feed rate is the key factor for surface roughness with the contribution of 80 %. These results help to gain the advantages of dry machining under optimal conditions, facilitating clean production with minimal energy consumption and improved surface quality.
A Study on Improving Efficiency and Reliability of Automated Connector Testing for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Sarhan Ahmed , Creusier Thomas , Leray Mathieu , Martin Lancelot , Gao James
Published: August 2024

Automation is crucial for the future of the industry as it enhances efficiency, quality, and accuracy while reducing operating time and the occurrence of human errors. Establishing an automated factory requires significant resources, including robot installation, worker training, program development, and ensuring quality and safety measures. This paper presents a study on automating the testing process for an aerospace company aiming to enhance productivity and minimise errors. The study aimed to achieve full task automation using a Universal Robotics Arm (UR5), which undertook the tasks of retrieving, inserting, securely locking, and removing the six connectors into the equipment, effectively executing the entire process. In initial trials, wireless connectors exceeded expectations, achieving 16 cycles in 2 hours. The inclusion of cables brought about significant challenges, particularly in terms of cable entanglement and concerns regarding the durability of connectors. Proposed solutions include improving the rack system and refining the gripper’s functionalities. This highlights the project’s potential for transformative advancements in aerospace manufacturing.
P-Type BiSb2Te3 thin film thermoelectric module fabricated on a flexible substrate through magnetron sputtering
Authors: Zhang Zhenxue , Gurtaran Mikdat , Li Xiaoying , Dong Hanshan
Published: August 2024

In this work, we deposited P-type BiSb2Te3-based thin films utilizing magnetron sputtering. After characterisations of their morphology and microstructure, a special in-plane advanced test system was used to simultaneously measure the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient of the thin film. The figure of merit of the thin film can then be calculated. We produced a prototype of a thin-film module based on P-type BiSb2Te3 on Kapton HN polyimide foil Kapton substrate with two different designs. The open-circuit voltage, electric current and electrical resistance of the thin film were measured by a homemade apparatus across various temperature gradients. The BiTe-based thin film flexible TE prototype can effectively convert heat into electricity at temperatures up to 200°C.
Digital Twin Framework for Solar Power Plants in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kazbek Gani , Kassymkhanov Shyndaulet , Alipov Yerassyl , Meiirbekov Nurbek , Zhakatayev Altay , Shehab Essam
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to present a detailed Digital Twin (DT) framework indicating important implementation steps and providing insights into DT technology that improves operational efficiency, optimizes performance, and creates a user-friendly platform for real-time monitoring. This project is conducted in collaboration with TechnoGroupService (TGS) company, which specializes in constructing, operating, and maintaining solar and wind power plants in Kazakhstan. The development of DT framework was performed in four phases: project formulation and planning; conducting literature review and analysing the operational processes data transfer procedures of the 50 MW solar power plant; identifying the required specifications of the framework; the development of DT framework and implementation roadmap along with the development of a fully functional prototype. A detailed investigation of the 50MW solar power plant’s operational processes, equipment and sensors, communication networks and data models was performed. The developed framework provides a DT architecture with several layers, including physical infrastructure, data model, modelling and application of DT. Finally, the developed prototype is a handful tool for real-time monitoring and reactive maintenance of the power. The further applications of DT include predictive maintenance and power output forecasting. The obtained results have been reviewed by industry experts to ensure applicability and reliability.
Industrial large model: A survey
Authors: Zhou Jiehan , Cao Yang , Lu Quanbo , Zhang Yan , Liu Cong , Zhang Shouhua , Qu Junsuo
Published: August 2024

Industrial large models are attracting significant attention for their roles in improving industrial production efficiency and product quality. This paper categorises and reviews current research on industrial large models in three main areas: pre-training, fine-tuning, and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also introduces a generic platform for industrial large models, including a model for interaction between industrial large and small models. Furthermore, it specifies the application areas of large industrial models within product lifecycle management, and discusses the challenges encountered during their development.
A cloud infrastructure for enabling provision of the Material Testing as a Service (MTaaS)
Authors: Yang Song , Al-Ahmad Manaf , Qin Yi
Published: August 2024

This paper focuses on a ‘cloud infrastructure’ (MTaaS) that has been developed to support and coordinate integrated services and supply chain management. This will enable the seamless operation of a dynamic and adaptive system providing customer-centred material testing services. The cloud system is designed not only for decision making regarding the evaluation of the situations brought by industry and translating them into upscaling, characterisation and service workflows, but also for promoting existing products, improving facility usage and providing expertise consultancy. The development of MTaaS involves specifying the cloud infrastructure requirement, defining the back-end and front-end system architecture and modules, and outlining the operation fields of each module along with associated terminology, parameters and contents. This includes handling material testing service registration, verification, marketing, composition, preparation, offering, processing, monitoring as well as customer inquiries, monitoring and feedback. These efforts make MTaaS integrate product, service and customer-related information into a single platform, encompassing necessary operation related data, customer related data, inventory data and supply chain data.
A novel non-intrusive mental workload evaluation concept in human-robot collaboration
Authors: Zhao Baixiang , Yan Xiu-tian , Mehnen Jörn
Published: August 2024

The integration of Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) in industrial robotics introduces challenges, particularly in adapting manufacturing environments to work seamlessly with collaborative robots. A key objective in HRC system optimization is enhancing human acceptance of these robots and improving productivity. Traditionally, the assessment of human mental workload in these settings relies on methods like EEG, fNIRS, and heart rate monitoring, which require direct physical contact and can be impractical in manufacturing environments. To address these issues, we propose an innovative and non-intrusive method that employs cameras to measure mental workload. This technique involves capturing video footage of human operators on the shop floor, focusing specifically on facial expressions. Advanced AI algorithms analyse these videos to predict heart rate ranges, which are then used to estimate mental workload levels in real time. This approach not only circumvents the need for direct contact with measurement devices but also enhances privacy and data security through privacy computing measures. Our proposed method was tested in an HRC experiment to provide preliminary validation. This pioneering use of non-intrusive AI-based vision techniques for real-time mental workload assessment represents a significant advancement in managing human factors in industrial HRC settings.
Predictive machine learning-based error correction in GPS/IMU localization to improve navigation of autonomous vehicles
Authors: Onyema Uchenna Charles , Shafik Mahmoud
Published: August 2024

Precise localization is crucial for the safety-critical factor and effective navigation of autonomous vehicles. This applied research examines machine learning models’ use to estimate, predict and correct errors in Global Positioning System (GPS)/ Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) localization for autonomous vehicles indoors and outdoors applications. This ongoing development aims to improve localization accuracy by utilizing exploratory data analysis (EDA) and implementing models such as linear regression, random forest regressor, and decision tree regressor. The assessment is performed with the mean squared error (MSE) metric, yielding values of 1.7069427028104143e−05 for the decision tree, linear regression, and random forest models. The results showed that the model with the highest performance is determined by evaluating the Mean Squared Error (MSE) values.
Backward Chaining in der Rehabilitation sturzbedingter Hüftfrakturen
Authors: Leonhardt Rebekka , Knopf Andrea , Lindemann Ulrich , Becker Clemens , Noutsou Foteini , Mikolaizak A. Stefanie
Published: August 2024

Hintergrund Im Alter gilt die mangelnde Fähigkeit, selbständig vom Boden aufzustehen, als Risikofaktor für zukünftige Stürze und den Schweregrad sturzbedingter Verletzungen. Mit der Backward-Chaining-Methode (BCM) kann diese Fähigkeit verbessert werden.

Ziel In einer Machbarkeitsstudie wurde der Einsatz der BCM bei älteren Patient*innen mit sturzbedingter Hüftfraktur im Rahmen der geriatrischen Rehabilitation untersucht. Der Fokus lag dabei auf der Anwendbarkeit der Methode.

Methode Die Intervention fand im Zeitraum von 2 Wochen 3-mal wöchentlich zusätzlich zum konventionellen Rehabilitationsprogramm erst im physiotherapeutischen Einzel-, später im Gruppensetting statt. Primäre Endpunkte waren Anwendbarkeit und Adhärenz. Sekundäre Endpunkte waren die Auswirkung auf die Sturzangst und die motorischen Fähigkeiten des Sitz-Stand-Transfers, des Gehens und des sicheren Aufstehens vom Boden.

Ergebnisse Mit einer Eignungsrate von 38 und einer Rekrutierungsrate von 82 Prozent der für die Studie geeigneten Proband*innen wurden 14 Patient*innen (mittleres Alter 83 Jahre) einer Rehabilitationseinrichtung in die Studie eingeschlossen. Es gab keine studienbedingten, unerwünschten Ereignisse. Alle Teilnehmenden beendeten die Intervention (100 % Adhärenz). Bezogen auf die Anwendbarkeit ist eine Anpassung der Methode bei Knieschmerzen möglich. Die Medianwerte aller sekundären Endpunkte verbesserten sich im Verlauf der Studie.

Schlussfolgerung Die BCM lässt sich in der geriatrischen Rehabilitation bei Patient*innen mit sturzbedingter Hüftfraktur erfolgreich anwenden. Weitere Studien sollten den Langzeiteffekt der BCM prüfen.
Realizing the Full Potential of Clinical Decision Support: Translating Usability Testing into Routine Practice in Health Care Operations
Authors: Kandaswamy Swaminathan , Williams Herbert , Thompson Sarah Anne , Dawson Thomas Elijah , Muthu Naveen , Orenstein Evan William
Published: August 2024

Background Clinical Decision Support (CDS) tools have a mixed record of effectiveness, often due to inadequate alignment with clinical workflows and poor usability. While there is a consensus that usability testing methods address these issues, in practice, usability testing is generally only used for selected projects (such as funded research studies). There is a critical need for CDS operations to apply usability testing to all CDS implementations.

Objectives In this State of the Art/Best Practice paper, we share challenges with scaling usability in health care operations and alternative methods and CDS governance structures to enable usability testing as a routine practice.

Methods We coalesce our experience and results of applying guerilla in situ usability testing to over 20 projects in a 1-year period with the proposed solution.

Results We demonstrate the feasibility of adopting “guerilla in situ usability testing” in operations and their effectiveness in incorporating user feedback and improving design.

Conclusion Although some methodological rigor was relaxed to accommodate operational speed, the benefits outweighed the limitations. Broader adoption of usability testing may transform CDS implementation and improve health outcomes.