bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leptospirosis in French Historical Medical Literature: Weil’s Disease or Kelsch’s Disease?
Authors: Tarantola Arnaud , Goarant Cyrille
Published: October 2018

Early names for leptospirosis often indicate occupational or environmental exposure. Leptospirosis is hard to identify in the tropical setting because of co-circulating diseases. This is not the case in the temperate setting, such as Europe, where the few historical differential diagnoses were malaria, typhoid, and viral hepatitis. Leptospirosis presumably caused community epidemics in Europe before 1900 and military epidemiologists carefully documented outbreaks in “constrained settings.” Achille Kelsch (1841–1911) synthesized available military data and epidemiological perspectives to define “epidemic jaundice” as a nosological continuum, caused by an infectious agent found in muds and water. He viewed Weil’s disease as being only one form of that now well-identified disease continuum. The causative pathogen and epidemiological determinants were identified years later. The role of soils and muds as intermediate reservoirs, as suggested by Kelsch, deserves further investigation.
Informational Consequences of Mandatory IFRS Adoption in China
Authors: Patro Archana
Published: October 2018

In China, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have become mandatory for listed firms in 2007. While earlier research on “voluntary” adopters has provided valuable insights on the impact of IFRS disclosure, these results cannot be generalised in a mandatory setting. We expect effects from mandatory IFRS adoption to be different from those documented for voluntary IFRS adopters since the former group is essentially forced to adopt IFRS. The empirical model, relating to stock price synchronicity with adoption of IFRS, and other firm-specific control variables were analysed using both univariate and multivariate techniques. Different types of panel data estimates were used and compared so as to interpret the results with the best-suited parameters for different data sets for different markets. Studying data covering the period from 2001-2013, the present study examines whether mandatory adoption of IFRS reduces Stock Price Synchronicity for Chinese firms. The empirical results show that IFRS adoption improves information environment by the capitalization of firm-specific information into stock prices, thereby reduces the Stock Price synchronicity. The paper further examines if the information impact was homogeneous across industries. This pattern of decrease in stock price synchronicity after adoption of IFRS is different for different industries taken for analysis. Aerospace & Defense, Automobiles Beverages, Metals & Mining, Retailer& Real Estate Operations have reduced synchronicity but other industries such as Biotech, Electric utilities, Electronic, Leisure products, Renewable energy and Telecom have increased synchronicity. For these industries, the low reliance on market wide information makes reasonable economic sense because they have relatively low demand elasticity. Hence, in demand inelastic industries, future price sensitive factors remain constant and so a changed IFRS accounting regime has little marginal impact. This study provides a different methodological approach by concentrating on Industry wide information effects from the mandatory adoption. These findings have important implications that apply not only to China, but also to other emerging and transitional economies such as India where IFRS is yet to be mandated. Moreover it will help regulators, academicians and practitioners to assess the informational benefit of adopting IFRS.
Los cursos de historia de la psicología en carreras acreditadas en Chile
Authors: Kaulino Adriana , Jacó-Vilela Ana María
Published: October 2018

El artículo describe el estado actual de la formación en historia de la psicología en Chile, focalizando el análisis en dieciocho programas de cursos de historia de la psicología y otros equivalentes dictados en el país. Los resultados indican que el campo se ha ampliado y fortalecido institucionalmente, siguiendo la tendencia observada en otros países como Argentina y Brasil. Con relación a los cursos de historia de la psicología, en Chile estos siguen teniendo presencia en la mayoría de las mallas curriculares de pregrado, representando una oportunidad para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico de psicólogo/as que deben enfrentarse a contextos de creciente complejidad. Sin embargo, se observa que en la enseñanza de la historia de la psicología persisten los enfoques historiográficos tradicionales. El artículo concluye argumentando que la modificación de esta tendencia es determinante para el futuro de una historia de la psicología que no renuncie a ampliar su audiencia e impacto en el interior de la disciplina.
Análisis de las interacciones entre estudiantes de pedagogía durante un juego serio
Authors: Guerra Zamora Paula , Grau Cárdenas Valeska , Balmaceda Christian Sebastián , Galdames Riquelme Alejandra
Published: October 2018

La formación de profesores es clave para mejorar la calidad de la educación, sin embargo, se han ignorado aspectos fundamentales del aprendizaje profesional, como las creencias y conocimientos previos que se ponen en juego en el proceso de aprender a enseñar. Por lo anterior es relevante profundizar en los mecanismos que explican el aprendizaje profesional. Esta investigación busca caracterizar las interacciones que se observan entre estudiantes de pedagogía que participan en un juego diseñado para promover la reflexión y el conflicto sociocognitivo. Se utiliza un diseño de casos múltiples. La muestra está compuesta por 15 estudiantes de pedagogía de primer año de una universidad privada de Santiago de Chile. Las interacciones se analizan de forma cualitativa, distinguiendo entre interacciones disputacionales, acumulativas y exploratorias. Los resultados apuntan a un predominio de estas últimas, observándose diferencias entre los tres grupos analizados. Se discuten los resultados en términos de las implicancias para la formación de profesores.
Configuraciones subjetivas de psicólogos ante la vulnerabilidad escolar: el programa HPV
Authors: Sandoval Díaz José Sebastián , Barriga Saavedra Gabriela , Wylie Beltran Catherine , Cuadra Martínez David , Palacios Díaz Diego , Storey Meza Roberto
Published: October 2018

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las configuraciones subjetivas sobre la vulnerabilidad escolar de psicólogos pertenecientes al programa Habilidades para la vida de la ciudad de Arica, Chile, así como también la autopercepción del rol profesional ejercido en el programa desde los propios actores interpelados. Para esto se utilizó un diseño cualitativo de corte fenomenológico. Para la selección de participantes se empleó un muestreo intencionado. En cuanto a la producción de datos, se aplicaron entrevistas en profundidad y grupos de discusión cuyo producto fue analizado con la estrategia de codificación de la teoría fundamentada. Los resultados se dividen en dos temas principales: condiciones estructurales que determinan la subjetividad del psicólogo dentro de la escuela; y, configuraciones subjetivas de los psicólogos. Se identificaron subcategorías en cada tema de análisis, las cuales son ilustradas por los datos narrativos. Asimismo, se discuten y valoran las implicancias en la incorporación de la subjetividad de y desde los propios psicólogos que se desempeñan en contextos educativos.
A life-cycle cost analysis of resilient flooring materials in acute-care facilities
Authors: Wingler Deborah
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study compares the impact of maintenance protocols on coated and non-coated resilient flooring materials over the building life of an acute-care facility. The purpose of this study is to provide healthcare administrators, facility managers and designers with evidence regarding the total cost of ownership of different resilient flooring materials.Methods: Utilizing a life-cycle costing analysis (LCCA), a two-phase economic evaluation was conducted using both industry and real-time data collected from four health systems across three distinct geographic regions in the U.S. to evaluate the impact of coated and non-coated resilient flooring materials over the usable life of an acute-care facility.Results: Findings from both the first and second phase LCCA suggest that maintenance protocols can have a substantive impact on the total cost of ownership for resilient flooring materials due to the increase in operations and maintenance costs associated with a coated maintenance protocol. The point in time at which the factory applied finish failed for a non-coated flooring material was also shown to greatly contribute to the total cost of ownership.Conclusions: The use of real-time data, coupled with a systematic evaluation provided contextual information that proved essential to understanding some of the intricacies involved in resilient flooring maintenance protocols that can greatly influence economic outcomes. This approach supports an evidence-based decision making process for healthcare executives and environmental services staff to not only effectively evaluate new resilient flooring material selections, but to also proactively evaluate current maintenance protocols for increased monetary savings.
Optimizing Clinical Use of Biologics in Orthopaedic Surgery: Consensus Recommendations From the 2018 AAOS/NIH U-13 Conference
Authors: Chu Constance R. , Rodeo Scott , Bhutani Nidhi , Goodrich Laurie R. , Huard Johnny , Irrgang James , LaPrade Robert F. , Lattermann Christian , Lu Ying , Mandelbaum Bert , Mao Jeremy , McIntyre Louis , Mishra Allan , Muschler George F. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Potter Hollis , Spindler Kurt , Tokish John M. , Tuan Rocky , Zaslav Kenneth , Maloney William
Published: October 2018

Concern that misinformation from direct-to-consumer marketing of largely unproven “biologic” treatments such as platelet-rich plasma and cell-based therapies may erode the public trust and the responsible investment needed to bring legitimate biological therapies to patients have resulted in calls to action from professional organizations and governing bodies. In response to substantial patient demand for biologic treatment of orthopaedic conditions, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons convened a collaborative symposium and established a consensus framework for improving and accelerating the clinical evaluation, use, and optimization of biologic therapies for musculoskeletal diseases. The economic and disease burden of musculoskeletal conditions is high. Of the various conditions discussed, knee osteoarthritis was identified as a “serious condition” associated with substantial and progressive morbidity and emerged as the condition with the most urgent need for clinical trial development. It was also recognized that stem cells have unique characteristics that are not met by minimally manipulated mixed cell preparations. The work group recommended that minimally manipulated cell products be referred to as cell therapy and that the untested and uncharacterized nature of these treatments be clearly communicated within the profession, to patients, and to the public. Minimum standards for product characterization and clinical research should also be followed. A framework for developing clinical trials related to knee OA was agreed upon. In addition to recommendations for development of high-quality multicenter clinical trials, another important recommendation was that physicians and institutions offering biologic therapies commit to establishing high-quality patient registries and biorepository-linked registries that can be used for postmarket surveillance and quality assessments.
Management of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Infants up to Six Months of Age: Intended for Use by Orthopaedic Specialists
Authors: Samora Julie , Quinn Robert H. , Murray Jayson , Pezold Ryan , Hall Quinn
Published: October 2018

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has developed the Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for the Management of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Infants up to Six Months of Age: Intended for Use by Orthopaedic Specialists. Evidence-based information, in conjunction with the clinical expertise of physicians, was used to develop the criteria to improve patient care and obtain best outcomes while considering the subtleties and distinctions necessary in making clinical decisions. The Management of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Infants up to Six Months of Age: Intended for Use by Orthopaedic Specialists AUC clinical patient scenarios were derived from indications typical of patients presenting with developmental dysplasia of the hip in clinical practice. The 432 patient scenarios and three treatments were developed by the Writing Panel, a group of clinicians who are specialists in this AUC topic. Next, a separate multidisciplinary, Voting Panel (made up of specialists and nonspecialists) rated the appropriateness of treatment of each patient scenario using a 9-point scale to designate a treatment as Appropriate (median rating, 7 to 9), May be Appropriate (median rating, 4 to 6), or Rarely Appropriate (median rating, 1 to 3).
Understanding Organizational Working Environment and Job Satisfaction in the context of Psychological Capital
Authors: Javid Jehanzeb , Rehman Sana-ur-
Published: October 2018

In addition to suitable organizational working environment effective management of human psychological capital has become very important for any organizational success in today’s complex business world. This study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational work environment, psychological capital and job satisfaction by using a sample of 176 employees from four departments of civil secretariat government of Balochistan. According to correlation and regression analysis there was significant statistical relationship between organizational work environment, psychological capital and job satisfaction. Employees with positive psychological capital are more satisfied from jobs if working in even less conducive environment. 
Visual Symptoms of Water and Nitrogen Deficiency in Leaves of Clove Basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.)
Authors: Vilanova Crisálida M. , Coelho Kátia P. , Luz Tássio R. S. A. , Silveira Daniella P. B. , Coutinho Denise F. , Moura Emanoel G.
Published: October 2018

Ocimum gratissimum L. (clove basil) is an annual herb of the Lamiaceae family, widely cultivated as a plant used in cooking and medicine worldwide. There is no information on the visual symptoms of the effects of greater or lesser water irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the leaves of this species. There is no information on the visual symptoms of the effects of greater or lesser water irrigation and nitrogen fertilization (N) on the leaves of this species. The effects of different water application rates, 60% (I60), 70% (I70), 80% (I80), 90% (I90), 100% (I100) and 110% (I110) of field capacity (FC), and nitrogen fertilization, 0 (N0), 40 (N2), 80 (N4) and 160 (N8) kg of nitrogen/ha, on the leaves of this species were studied. The experiment was carried out for 60 days in a greenhouse in a completely randomised design with three replicates. Water stress was determinant for the appearance of leaves with wilted and stains. Symptoms of necrosis, apical necrosis, abscission and chlorosis were correlated only with N stress. This study suggests that the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum present better acclimatization with irrigation above the field capacity associated with high dose of N (I110N8) and that satisfactorily support the reduction of up to 70% FC with the use of 40 kg of N/ha in their production without presenting any visual symptoms.
Soybean and Maize Zoning in West African Economic and Monetary Union—A simulation Approach
Authors: Müller Marcela dos Santos , Neto Durval Dourado , Reichardt Klaus , Timm Luís Carlos , Sartori Felipe Fadel , Felisberto Guilherme , Engroff Thaise Dieminger
Published: October 2018

The West African Economic and Monetary Union (abbreviated as UEMOA from its name in French: Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine) is an organization of eight West African countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. This region suffers an agricultural yield gap mainly due to misplanning of crop zoning. Our study aimed to perform an agricultural zoning for maize and soybean in the UEMOA region based on (i) potential yield (carbon dioxide, temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, photoperiod and genotype), (ii) attainable yield, under high crop management and technology inputs and (iii) actual yield. Results show that the UEMOA region is very suitable for growing maize and soybeans; however, a large gap exists between attainable and actual yields. It is shown that the adoption of better management and technology strategies is a way to greatly increase local yields.
Soil Attributes Using Different Agricultural Use Systems in the Rio Grande do Norte Semiarid, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Karenina Fernandes de Sousa , Portela Jeane Cruz , Batista Rafael Oliveira , Souza Carolina Malala Martins , Costa Joseane Dunga da , Farias Phâmella Kalliny Pereira , Filho Tarcísio José de Oliveira
Published: October 2018

The semiarid region is extremely fragile to anthropogenic actions. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the physical and chemical attributes of soils with different agricultural uses. The research was carried out in the municipality of Governador Dix-Sept Rosado. Fertility and physical analyses were performed. The results were interpreted by multivariate analysis. The soils that presented a eutrophic character were influenced by lithology. In the Cambissolo (Haplustepts), there was an increase in the limits of liquidity and plasticity due to the increase of the clay fraction and total organic carbon. By the particle size analysis, the profiles presented variations in textural classes. We concluded that the physical attributes moisture, liquidity limit, plasticity limit, clay plasticity index, thin sand and the chemical attributes pH, (H + Al), V and PST were the most sensitive for the distinction of environments. The studied areas presented acidity reactions to alkalinity with presence of Al3+, (H + Al) and high salinity.
Insecticides Management Used in Soybean for the Control of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Eribidae)
Authors: Fernandes Fabrício Oliveira , Abreu Jéssica Ávila de , Christ Lucas Martins , Rosa Ana Paula Schneid Afonso da
Published: October 2018

The soybean is the main agricultural product produced in Brazil. Among the States, Rio Grande do Sul was the third largest producer in the 2017/2018 harvest. However, insects interfere on the productivity and provide an increase in the cost of production. The velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Eribidae) is considered one of the main leaf stripper caterpillars. The occurrence can completely fade, reflected in the grain yield. The chemical method is the main control adopted, however, due to the inadequate management of the crop, failures are observed frequently on the field. In this context, the insecticide management is considered an alternative, still little adopted, due to a lack of knowledge between the movement action and the susceptibility of the insect. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the performance of insecticides used in the soybean crop for the control of A. gemmatalis under laboratory conditions. In the residual and direct contact bioassays, eight treatments with five replicates were used in a completely randomized design, with 2nd and 5th instar caterpillars of A. gemmatalis. The results showed that by residual contact during 24 hours, all the treatments with exception of the control had effectiveness in both instar mortality. The treatments flubendiamide + zeta-cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin after four hours application reached 100% of effectiveness. Thus, aiming an integrated pest management program, where it advocated the association of different control tactics, the insecticide management with flubendiamide + zeta-cypermethrin were effective with 100% of control efficiency in both instars.
Visual Evaluation of Soil Structural and Sugarcane Root Under Deep Strip-till and Conventional Tillage
Authors: Lima Camila Cassante de , Maria Isabella Clerici De , Júnnyor Wellingthon da Silva Guimarães , Silva Laura Fernanda Simões da , Rossetto Raffaella
Published: October 2018

The Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS) is a relatively simple methodology used for comparing management systems and for maintaining or recovering the quality of agricultural soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural soil quality in the production of sugarcane using VESS. Three treatments were established: Deep Strip-till (DST), Conventional Tillage (CT) and Uncultivated area (UC). For DST and CT soil samples were taken from two locations: in-row and inter-row. Soil blocks were extracted from mini-trenches and carefully fragmented into aggregates, whose appearance, resistance, and characteristics of the structural units define quality scores. The density of visible roots was quantified by a grid-based counting method. DST at in-row location had improved the structural quality of the soil, providing greater root growth. Scores of visual soil quality in CT showed no difference between in-row and inter-row locations. Preserved from machinery traffic the in-row trail in CT did not result in benefit to soil quality. Variability in the scores among the replicate blocks for DST in-row suggests that the equipment had produced irregular soil tillage. VESS proved to be a good indicator from which it is feasible to evaluate impacts of agricultural machines and tillage implements on soil quality.
Substrates and Irrigation Frequencies in the Development of Seedlings of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum
Authors: Alves José Darlon Nascimento , Moreira Wendel Kaian Oliveira , Bezerra Leilane Ávila , Oliveira Shirlene Souza , Franco Tayssa Menezes , Okumura Ricardo Shigueru , Silva Raimundo Thiago Lima da , Oliveira Inayara Albuquerque , Leão Francisco de Assis do Nascimento
Published: October 2018

Knowledge on the ideal conditions for the formation of high quality seedlings is fundamental to guarantee establishment success of crops in a safe and efficient manner. Here, we evaluate the effect of different substrates and irrigation frequencies on the initial growth of parica (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal Rural University of Amazônia, Capitão Poço, PA. Several variables were analyzed including seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaflets, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, height and stem diameter ratio, shoot dry matter ratio and root dry matter. We found significant differences in seedling development between the applied treatments, including a significant interaction between substrate type and irrigation regime on seedling height, stem diameter, the number of leaflets and plant growth indices, with the best response for proportions 75% soil + 25% bovine manure and 50% soil + 50% bovine manure. Therefore, the substrates containing organic compounds resulted in a higher quality of the seedlings, while the sand consistently presented the lowest increases in seedling production under the three experimental irrigation frequencies, and thus is not recommended as a substrate for the development of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum.
Selection in the First Year of Passion Fruit Production: A Potential Strategy for Breeding
Authors: Rosado Luciana Domiciano Silva , Rosado Renato Domiciano Silva , Matias Rosana Gonçalves Pires , Santos Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos , Bruckner Claudio Horst , Cruz Cosme Damião
Published: October 2018

The objective was to compare the results obtained in the first and second year of production, with the aggregate production at the end of the two years of cultivation to determine the stage of the crop cycle most suitable for selection processes. We evaluated the fruits of 26 German-sib progenies of passion fruit during the peak production of the 1st year (December/2004) and the 2nd year (April/2006). There was little or no difference between the means of selected families in the two production years in terms of the evaluated traits. Selection should therefore be performed in the fist production year to reduce cultivation costs, making passion fruit cultivation more economically feasible.
Structuring of a Haplortox by Soil Cover Species
Authors: Tokura Luciene Kazue , Secco Deonir , Júnior Luiz Antônio Zanão , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz , Souza Samuel Nelson Melegari de , Baricatti Reinaldo Aparecido , Alovisi Alessandra Mayumi Tokura , Barison Andersson , Villa Bruna de , Pilatti Maurício Antônio , Rech Katlin Suellen , Reginatto Romeu
Published: October 2018

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of soil cover species and management systems in improving the physical characteristics of a Haplortox and its effects on grain yield and soybean oil content. The experimental area, consisted of 15 treatments in a completely randomized experimental design. Each plot had size of 20 × 25 m. The treatments consisted of: traditional no-tillage system (control), no-tillage system with application of gypsum, no-tillage with scarification and 12 treatments with cover species called soil structure reclaimers. Soil samples were collected in the layers of 0-0.10; 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m, with four replicates. The physical attributes evaluated were bulk density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity in the periods of 2014, 2015 and 2016. In the soybean crop the grain yield, oil content, weight of 100 grains, average height of plants and number of plants/m were evaluated in each treatment with four replications. The oil content was performed by the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance method. The averages of the treatments were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. The results showed that five months after soil scarification did not affect bulk density. Eleven months after gypsum application discrete improvements in density, total porosity, microporosity and soil hydraulic conductivity occurred in the 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers. It was also concluded that grain yield, oil content, weight of 100 grains and number of plants per meter were not influenced by the soil cover species and soil management systems.
Productive and Nutritional Aspects of Tithonia diversifolia Fertilized With Biofertilizer and Irrigated
Authors: Reis Matheus M. , Santos Leonardo D. Tuffi , Pegoraro Rodinei F. , Santos Marcia V. , Colen Fernando , Montes William G. , Moura Jr. Ronie R. , Cruz Leandro R. da , Oliveira Flávio G.
Published: October 2018

Little is known about the agronomic aspects of Mexican Sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), in spite of its potential for multiple uses. In this study, we evaluated the effects of application rates of biofertilizer and irrigation on yield, growth, and leaf chlorophyll and nutrient content of Mexican Sunflower. In an experiment in the Brazilian semi-arid region, we used a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of five application rates of biofertilizer (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 m3 ha-1), with and without irrigation. The statistical design was randomized blocks with three replications. Irrigated plants of Mexican Sunflower had greater dry and fresh matter yields, greater height, and greater leaf area index and leaf contents of K, Zn, and B. However, the high concentration of bicarbonate in the irrigation water reduced the leaf contents of N, Ca, S, Fe, and Mn. The mean increase in the two cuttings obtained with the use of irrigation was 350% and 314% for fresh and dry matter, respectively. The increase in the biofertilizer application increased the leaf chlorophyll contents of irrigated plants; however, it did not result in production or nutritional gains. In regions with low availability of rainfall, irrigated cultivation of Mexican Sunflower is recommended.
Evaluation of Growth and Morphological Pattern of Mycorrhization in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)] Fertilized With Phosphorus
Authors: Júnior José Maria Tupinambá da Silva , Filho Paulo Furtado Mendes , Gomes Vânia Felipe Freire , Ness Ricardo Luiz Lange , Almeida Aldênia Mendes Mascena de , Garcia Kaio Gráculo Vieira
Published: October 2018

Microorganisms perform important functions in the soil and, among these organisms, the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plant growth should be highlighted. AMF colonize the roots of most plant species and their beneficial functions in plant development include increased absorption of nutrients from the soil, especially those of low mobility such as phosphorus (P). Evaluating agricultural practices conducted by farmers, such as phosphate fertilization, and observing how they will influence AMF activity in benefiting plant growth should be prioritized. Thus, an experiment was conducted in greenhouse to evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on the growth of cowpea plants colonized by AMF and to know which morphological pattern of colonization prevails in their roots. Five P doses and a control treatment, without fertilization, were added to the soil. Cowpea plants respond to phosphate fertilization up to the dose of 240.50 mg P kg-1 soil, for shoot dry mass and in the dose of 150 mg P kg-1 soil, for plant height. The morphological pattern observed in the roots was the intermediate type, characterized by the presence of intra and intercellular hyphae and vesicles, and there was no influence of phosphate fertilization on morphology. High P contents added to the soil led to a reduction in mycorrhizal colonization in cowpea roots.
Growth and Micronutrients Contents of Smell Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jac.) Submitted to Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Silva Sávia P. da , Viégas Ismael de J. M. , Okumura Ricardo S. , Silva Dioclea A. S. , Galvão Jessivaldo R. , Júnior Mário L. da Silva , Araújo Fábio R. R. de , Mera Willian Y. W. de L. , Silva Alasse O. da
Published: October 2018

The results of research with smell pepper cultivation are still incomplete and preliminary, especially regarding organic fertilizing and nutritional status. The aims of study were to evaluate the effect of rates of organic fertilizer produced from family agriculture waste on growth and nutritional status of smell pepper. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, in Belém city, State of Pará, in period from January to April 2012. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four replications, in which each experimental plot being made of a vase with a volume of 3.6 dm3 of soil and a smell pepper seedling. Five rates of organic fertilizer (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%) were tested out of the total volume of substrate. The organic fertilizer were formed by mixing chicken manure (10%), duck manure (20%), cassava peel (15%), cassava leaf (15%), bean straw (15%), rice husk (15%), and corn cob (10%). The different amounts of organic fertilizer were mixed in volumetric proportions of substrate of Yellow Latosol, sandy texture, taken from the surface layer (0-20 cm). It was founded that at 103 days, the best results were achieved with a rate of 60% of the organic fertilizer. The content and accumulation of micronutrients in leaf tissue of smell pepper plants followed this descending order: Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu, and Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu, respectively. In fruits, the content, accumulation, and extraction of micronutrients followed this order: Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu.
Physiological Analysis Reveals the Possible Resistance Mechanisms of Glycine max to Fusarium solani
Authors: Bawa George , Feng Lingyang , Li Yan , Shang Jing , Wu Xiaoling , Chang Xiaoli , Sun Xin , Yu Liang , Liu Chunyan , Du Junbo , Yang Wenyu
Published: October 2018

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is a complex root rot disease caused by the semi-biotrophic fungus Fusarium solani (F. solani) and a leaf scorch disease; caused by toxins produced by pathogen in the roots. However, the mechanism of soybean resistant to F. solani is still poorly understood. Eighteen soybean cultivars were screened for SDS resistance, with one cultivar showing susceptibility and one cultivar showing resistance to F. solani infection. Histochemical analysis with diaminobenzidine (DAB) and Trypan blue staining indicated an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in surrounding area of SDS which was higher in susceptible cultivar than in resistant cultivar. Furthermore, exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application also induced some level of resistance to F. solani by the susceptible cultivar. A biochemical study revealed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and enzymes involved in scavenging ROS, increased in susceptible cultivar after SDS infection. In addition, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content also increased in the susceptible cultivar than in resistant cultivar. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that free and total salicylic acid (SA) content increased in the susceptible cultivar than in resistant cultivar. In addition, a real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed an accumulation of pathogen related (PR) genes in the resistant cultivar than in susceptible cultivar. Our results show that (i). F. solani infection can increase endogenous SA levels, antioxidase activities, ROS and cell death in susceptible soybean cultivar to induce resistance against Fusarium solani. (ii). F. solani infection induced the expression of SA marker genes in resistant soybean cultivar to enhance resistance.
Essential Oil Content and Composition of Almescla Resin (Protium spruceanum (Benth.) Engl., Burseraceae
Authors: Brasil Maria Carolina Oliva , Lacerda Guilherme Araújo , Arrudas Sonia Ribeiro , Veloso Maria das Dores Magalhães
Published: October 2018

In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in interest in natural therapies. In this way, plants with therapeutic properties constitute an important source of biologically active compounds. The species Protium spruceanum (Benth.) Engl., popularly known as Almescla is widely used in folk medicine, with a wide geographical distribution, often found in gallery forests and palm swamps (veredas), thus easily accessible. The objective of this work was to evaluate the oil yield of the leaves and stem, as well as the chemical composition of Almescla resin collected in a palm swamp in the north-central region of Minas Gerais. After drying, the botanical samples were triturated until a fine powder was obtained and the particle size of the leaf sample standardized through sieves. The test was carried out in triplicate, the oil being obtained from the hot extraction method in Soxhlet with solvent Hexane P.A. The resin was subjected to chromatographic analysis and infrared spectroscopy, by the preparation of KBr pellets (1% m/m). For the leaf sample, an average yield of 3.33% was obtained and for the stem, an average yield of 1.40%. The resin had the major chemical compound α-phellandrene (58.18-71.25%). It is concluded that, Almescla has a great oil yield, and the chemical analysis showed that the species has a great medicinal potential to be exploited.
Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Antioxidant System in Young Plants of Tachigali vulgaris Submitted to Drought
Authors: Ataíde Wander Luiz da S. , Nogueira Glauco André dos S. , Brito Ana Ecídia de A. , Lima Ellen Gleyce da S. , Palheta Juscelino Gonçalves , Silva Karollyne Renata S. , Costa Thays Correa , Nascimento Vitor R. do , Martins Jéssica Taynara da S. , Machado Liliane Correa , Neto Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira
Published: October 2018

Tachigali vulgaris is a pioneer species, colonizing marginal lands and roadsides, often initiates secondary succession in open areas by the intense germination of their seeds in the soil. The main components of the antioxidant defense system can be divided into enzyme found primarily intracellularly (superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, etc.) and small non-enzymatic molecules that can be divided into soluble in water (ascorbic acid, glutathione and bilirubin) and lipid soluble (α-tocopherol, β-carotene and lycopene). Plants were then separated into leaves and roots, wrapped in aluminum foil and stored in Ultrafreezer at -80 °C. To determine the enzymatic activity and biochemical analyzes, the plant material was first frozen in liquid nitrogen and subsequently lyophilized. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3 × 2 (three times: zero, five and ten days of water suspension, and two water conditions: control and drought stress), with four repetitions. Analysis of variance was applied to the results and when significant difference, the means were compared using the t test adopting the 5% level of probability through the statistical package (7.7 beta Assistat, 2015). Since they were able to drive quickly the enzymatic antioxidant defense system (SOD, CAT and APX), however, failing to reduce oxidative damage resulting in the death of them.
Chemical Attributes of an Oxisol Under Different Agricultural Uses in the Brazilian Semiarid Region
Authors: Arruda Luiz Eduardo Vieira de , Portela Jeane Cruz , Medeiros José Francismar de , Batista Rafael Oliveira , Melo Stefeson Bezerra de , Souza Carolina Malala Martins , Lopes Thaís Cristina de Souza , Mendes Kellyane da Rocha
Published: October 2018

Different soil managements evidence soil properties, contributing positively or negatively to its quality. A study was conducted in the city of Martins, Rio Grande do Norte (RN) state, in four cultivated areas: corn intercropped with beans (CICB), cassava monocrop (CAMO), bean monocrop (BEMO) and native forest (NF, considered as the original soil condition). This study aimed to evaluate changes in the chemical properties of an Oxisol in function of different agricultural uses (N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na1+, Al3+, pH, EC, H+Al, BS, V, CEC, t, m, OM and ESP) and the distinction of environments using multivariate analysis. The sampling was performed up to 30 cm deep. Soil pH values were kept close to 5.5, except for the area with corn intercropped with beans, whose values were higher than 7.0. Corn intercropped with beans had the highest concentrations of K+, Na+ and Ca2+ on the soil, with a direct impact on base sum. Different uses modified soil chemical properties. Corn intercropped with beans differs from the other treatments due to the addition of solid waste to the soil. Principal component analyses showed pH and exchangeable bases are the most sensitive indicators of environment separation.
Photosynthetic Efficiency in Aroeira and Cedro After the Application of Salicylic Acid
Authors: Rocha Maria Eunice Lima , Souza Fernanda Ludmyla Barbosa de , Dranski João Alexandre Lopes , Abade Mayra Taniely Ribeiro , Coutinho Pablo Wenderson Ribeiro , Chiapetti Tatiane Priscila , Rinaldi Luanna Karoline , Ávila Marlison Tavares , Junior Kildemir da Costa Milomes , Braz Hannah , Malavasi Marlene de Matos , Malavasi Ubirajara Contro
Published: October 2018

The objective of this research was to quantify the photosynthetic efficiency of Cedrela fissilis and Schinus terebinthifolius seedlings after application of salicylic acid for eight weeks. The experimental design was completely randomized, composed of four treatments, with five replicates of 20 seedlings each. The treatments consisted of increasing doses of the salicylic acid solution: 0, 100, 200, 300 mg L-1. The solution was composed of salicylic acid, deionized water and adjuvant and applied with hand sprayer, weekly for 2 months. The parameters evaluated after the application of the acid consisted of the rate of CO2 assimilation, leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration, as well as water use efficiency, intrinsic water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. In seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolius there was a reduction of the photosynthetic parameters and consequently a better use of water as the doses of the plant growth regulator were increased. In the seedlings of Cedrela fissilis the dose of 200 mg L-1 resulted in greater CO2 fixation per molecule of water lost and in this sense, it can be inferred that the increase in the doses of salicylic acid improved the photosynthetic efficiency, but the use of water was lower. Thus, for both species, lower doses are more recommended because there must be a balance between the fixed amount of CO2, the plant generated from photoassimilates and the amount of water lost, in order not to generate a negative potential in the plant metabolism.
Rates of Agricultural Gypsum in Soil Under No-tillage System With Surface Lime in the Southern of Brazil
Authors: Conte Elaine Damiani , Amaral Leonardo Oliboni do , Macedo Charle Kramer Borges de , Magro Taísa Dal , Marchioretto Lucas de Ross , Schenkel Vilson Osmar , Scopel Elias da Silva
Published: October 2018

At the no-tillage system, the surface liming is a good environmental practice, which aims to maintain the physical structure and stocks of carbon in the soil. However, the acidity amelioration is restricted to the surface layer and the use of the gypsum can be an alternative to improve the chemical conditions in subsurface without the soil revolving. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different rates of gypsum, estimated by different methods, in acid soils with application of superficial limestone since the beginning of the implementation of the no-tillage system. The experiment was conduct at a commercial cropping field located at the municipally of Muitos Capões, RS, Southern Brazil in a Red Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in randomized completely blocks design (RCBD), with six treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the superficial application of gypsum in the rates: 0, 3100, 6014, 7875, 9750 and 12400 kg ha-1. At this area, soybean and corn were cultivated and have their productivity evaluated. After 4 and 16 months of the experiment, Ca, Mg and K levels were evaluated at different depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm). The results showed an increase in Ca contents to the depth of 10 cm at 4 months after application and at all depths evaluated at 16 months after their application. The application of gypsum decreases the Mg contents to the depth of 20 cm and of potassium at all the depths after 16 months of their application. The effects on soil chemical properties with increasing rate of applied gypsum resulted in higher maize grain yield. So, agricultural gypsum applied in the soil with surface liming is efficient in improving soil chemical conditions in deeper layers in a no-tillage system.
Dilemmas of security perception
Authors: Banasik Miroslaw
Published: October 2018

The concept of security has undergone transformations along with the development of civilization. The rapid changes in the international security environment that have occurred over the past few decades have had a particularly significant impact on its character and significance. In this aspect, the aim of the article is to present the essence of security and dilemmas related to the interpretation of this concept. The article explains etymology and the importance of security. It characterizes how security evolved, how it was understood and interpreted. The traditional and non-traditional perception of security is explained.
Analysis and evaluation of transport effectiveness and profitability
Authors: Dendera-Gruszka Malgorzata , Kulinska Ewa
Published: October 2018

Transport is one of the final stages in the sales of the produced batch. Manufacturing enterprises each time face a dilemma whether to hire a carrier to transport finished goods or invest in their own transportation fleet. The aim of the article is to look at transport through the prism of finished goods. The discussed transport relates to road transport of metal products. The authors conducted research on the basis of the comparative analysis based on selected manufacturing companies. The analysis concerns the actual cost of transport when choosing the option of an external carrier and the carriage by own means of transport, as well as occurring transport damages.
Safety in road transport
Authors: Gil Leszek , Pieniak Daniel , Walczak Agata
Published: October 2018

The article describes the transport process and the drivers’ approach with regard to respecting the applicable driver's working time standards. This paper presents and discusses the results of a survey conducted among professional drivers, the primary purpose of which was to obtain the response to the question whether drivers actually rest during the break. Legal regulations strictly determine the minimum daily and weekly rest periods and the maximum daily and weekly driving times. Appropriate advanced technologies represented by measuring tools to the great extent oblige drivers to take a rest at the right time. Nevertheless, on the basis of the research it was stated that drivers frequently execute other activities, thus trying to increase their profits during break time, and therefore they commit for a rest shorter time than this resulting from the current working time regulations. The introduction of newer and more advanced solutions in the recording equipment substantially limits the possibility of performing other activities related to the vehicle during a break, and forces drivers to have a rest, thereby they pose less risk on the roads.
DIY (do it yourself) weapons in 2011-2016 conflict in Syria
Authors: Gruca Krzysztof , Zielichowski Artur
Published: October 2018

The article presents a phenomenon accompanying the conflict in Syria, involving the production and use of homemade weapons. Based on publications as well as multimedia materials published on the Internet the authors describe homemade weapons. The advantages and disadvantages of their use in tactical operations were identified in the form of conclusions.
Advanced persistent threats as a manifestation of states’ military activity in cyber space
Authors: Olszewski Boguslaw
Published: October 2018

The term Advanced Persistent Threats (APT, APTs) has a relatively short history – originated in the United States’ government spheres and as such was referred to cyber attacks waged by a state actor. The emergence of such threats has been linked to the evolution of the hacker underground that took place after 2000. The activity of specialists swelling the Black Hat ranks had the nature of criminal offences, targeting data collected by corporations and state institutions. Despite a dozen or so years of experience with APTs, they continue to be a dynamic category of contemporary cyber security threats, with many evolving components beyond simple classification. Their unambiguous identification as a strictly separate type is obstructed mainly by the complex structure of such attacks, prompting analysts to locate them in a catalog containing various known vulnerabilities, mechanisms, cycles and variables. The analysis of the problem and the evolution of attacks to date has led to the hypothesis that Advanced Persistent Threats are now in the phase of their further modification and testing as a means of offensive action in inter-state and asymmetric conflicts. Armed forces and special services of states saw in them not only a tool per se to achieve economic and military advantage, but a theoretical basis for further research on the development of advanced cyber weapon.
Vibration testing in buildings and safety of their operation
Authors: Jakubczyk-Galczynska Anna , Siemaszko Agata
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the issue of vibrations in residential buildings located near roads. It describes the measurement methodology and criteria for assessing the impact of vibrations generated by passing trucks. The article specifies a method to establish the impact on the operation of the examined facilities and it promotes the idea of employing a Bayesian network to determine probabilistically the level of risk to single-family houses.