bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracellular and non-neuronal targets of voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibodies
Authors: Lang Bethan , Makuch Mateusz , Moloney Teresa , Dettmann Inga , Mindorf Swantje , Probst Christian , Stoecker Winfried , Buckley Camilla , Newton Charles R , Leite M Isabel , Maddison Paul , Komorowski Lars , Adcock Jane , Vincent Angela , Waters Patrick , Irani Sarosh R
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Autoantibodies against the extracellular domains of the voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex proteins, leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein-2 (CASPR2), are found in patients with limbic encephalitis, faciobrachial dystonic seizures, Morvan's syndrome and neuromyotonia. However, in routine testing, VGKC complex antibodies without LGI1 or CASPR2 reactivities (double-negative) are more common than LGI1 or CASPR2 specificities. Therefore, the target(s) and clinical associations of double-negative antibodies need to be determined.

Methods

Sera (n=1131) from several clinically defined cohorts were tested for IgG radioimmunoprecipitation of radioiodinated α-dendrotoxin (125I-αDTX)-labelled VGKC complexes from mammalian brain extracts. Positive samples were systematically tested for live hippocampal neuron reactivity, IgG precipitation of125I-αDTX and125I-αDTX-labelled Kv1 subunits, and by cell-based assays which expressed Kv1 subunits, LGI1 and CASPR2.

Results

VGKC complex antibodies were found in 162 of 1131 (14%) sera. 90 of these (56%) had antibodies targeting the extracellular domains of LGI1 or CASPR2. Of the remaining 72 double-negative sera, 10 (14%) immunoprecipitated125I-αDTX itself, and 27 (38%) bound to solubilised co-expressed Kv1.1/1.2/1.6 subunits and/or Kv1.2 subunits alone, at levels proportionate to VGKC complex antibody levels (r=0.57, p=0.0017). The sera with LGI1 and CASPR2 antibodies immunoprecipitated neither preparation. None of the 27 Kv1-precipitating samples bound live hippocampal neurons or Kv1 extracellular domains, but 16 (59%) bound to permeabilised Kv1-expressing human embryonic kidney 293T cells. These intracellular Kv1 antibodies mainly associated with non-immune disease aetiologies, poor longitudinal clinical–serological correlations and a limited immunotherapy response.

Conclusions

Double-negative VGKC complex antibodies are often directed against cytosolic epitopes of Kv1 subunits and occasionally against non-mammalian αDTX. These antibodies should no longer be classified as neuronal-surface antibodies. They consequently lack pathogenic potential and do not in themselves support the use of immunotherapies.
Differential effect of hypoxia and acidity on lung cancer cell and fibroblast metabolism
Authors: Giatromanolaki Alexandra , Liousia Maria , Arelaki Stella , Kalamida Dimitra , Pouliliou Stamatia , Mitrakas Achilleas , Tsolou Avgi , Sivridis Efthimios , Koukourakis Michael
Published: January 2017

This study examined the metabolic response of lung cancer cells and normal lung fibroblasts to hypoxia and acidity. GLUT1 and HXKII mRNA/protein expression was up-regulated under hypoxia in the MRC5 fibroblasts and in the A549 and H1299 lung cancer cell lines, indicating intensified glucose absorption and glycolysis. Under hypoxia, the LDHA mRNA and LDH5 protein levels increased in the cancer cells but not in the fibroblasts. Acidity suppressed the above-mentioned hypoxia effect. PDH-kinase-1 (PDK1 mRNA and protein) and inactive phosphorylated-PDH protein levels were induced under hypoxia in the cancer cells, whereas these were reduced in the MRC5 lung fibroblasts. In human tissue sections, the prevalent expression patterns supported the contrasting metabolic behavior of cancer cells vs. tumor fibroblasts. The monocarboxylate/lactate transporter 1 (MCT1) was up-regulated in all the cell lines under hypoxic conditions, but it was suppressed under acidic conditions. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content per cell decreased significantly in the A549 cancer cell line under hypoxia, but it increased in the MRC5 fibroblasts. Taking into account these findings, we suggest that, under hypoxia, cancer cells intensify the anaerobic direction in glycolysis, while normal fibroblasts prefer to seek energy by intensifying the aerobic use of the available oxygen.
Geochronological constraints on magmatism and polyphase deformation and metamorphism in the southern Omineca Belt, British Columbia
Authors: Webster Ewan Russell , Pattison David , DuFrane S. Andrew
Published: January 2017

The Omineca Belt between Nelson and Creston in southeastern British Columbia was affected by overlapping pulses of Mesozoic magmatism, metamorphism, and deformation. U–Pb geochronological data from zircon and monazite were collected by laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) to constrain the timing of these events. The Porcupine Creek stock (162.3 ± 1.3 Ma) intruded across folds and fabrics associated with the earliest phase of regional deformation and metamorphism (D1M1), restricting it to the Early–Middle Jurassic. The Jurassic structures are overprinted northwards by Early Cretaceous deformation and metamorphism (D2M2). The Baldy pluton (117.8 ± 1.2 Ma) crosscuts the regional 144–134 Ma M2 isograds, yet was pervasively affected by the D2 deformation, indicating that D2 deformation outlasted M2 metamorphism but had ceased by 111 Ma, the age of an undeformed pluton. Monazite dates from a kyanite-bearing rock in the contact aureole of the Middle Jurassic Wall stock overlap with the age of the intrusion (167 Ma), indicating a contact rather than regional origin for the kyanite. In the southeast part of the study area, three samples from the regional sillimanite zone contain monazite intergrown with sillimanite that yield dates between 80 and 69 Ma, indicating an episode of Late Cretaceous (M3) Barrovian metamorphism and deformation (D3). To the north of this domain, in an area characterized by the older D2M2 deformation, a sillimanite zone schist contains two main monazite age populations, suggestive of overlapping effects of Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous metamorphic episodes.
Vertical Brand Extension at Vinamilk, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Quang Tri , Wongsurawat Winai , Beise-Zee Rian
Published: January 2017

This case study illustrates the role of marketing instruments on the success of a vertical brand extension executed by a leading dairy company in Vietnam — Vinamilk. In 2011, the company launched a fortified liquid milk line as a step-down vertical brand extension from its previous and more premium line — 100% fresh milk. The key issue in the study is to understand how Vinamilk used marketing communication and distancing techniques (or differentiation tactics) to influence the performance of the vertical brand extension.

The case findings show that despite quite serious cannibalization on the core brand, the vertical brand extension at Vinamilk was deemed a successful launch. The success was attributable to marketing communication that was rooted in profound consumer understanding — the right product offered to the right target at the right price supported with heavy consumer pull and trade push marketing. Vinamilk’s strong umbrella brand and wide distribution network also contributed to the successful launch.

The most serious challenge was cannibalization on the previous premium product line — Vinamilk 100% fresh milk. As Vietnamese consumers grew wealthier and more sophisticated, non-reconstituted, fresh milk would likely become the biggest seller in the future, a sector Vinamilk could not afford to lose. Competition in this premium market was already heating up, requiring the company to strengthen this product line. For longer term strategy, Vinamilk had been forced to revisit its liquid milk product portfolio. A more clearly defined role for each product line along with effective differentiation would be required.
National Fans Limited of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Jashim Uddin , Uddin Mohammad Jasim , Farnaz Nahid , Ali M. Akbar
Published: January 2017

The case explores the marketing and business strategies of National Fan Limited (NFL). The company was one of the most successful domestic companies and leading ceiling fan manufacturers in Bangladesh. Specifically, the case focuses on the strengths and challenges of the company. The company had continuously expanded its operations and made a leading position in the industry since the early 1980s. It had adopted numerous dynamic strategies to sustain competitive advantage. The company, however, had experienced unprecedented challenges and setbacks to manage its growth. Besides numerous political challenges, the major issue was widespread existence of counterfeit products. Though the demand of ceilings fans had increased, the company had been struggling to keep pace with market growth due to the dearth of capacity. Other challenges were associated with raw materials and entrance of new rivals. The case allows students to explore strategies to overcome the challenges and increase market share.
Fullerene-Gold Core-Shell Structures and Their Self-Assemblies
Authors: Sepahvand R. , Alihosseini S. , Adeli M. , Sasanpour P.
Published: January 2017

Hybrid nanomaterials consisting of functionalized fullerene and gold nanoparticle (NP) have been synthesized. Fullerene was functionalized by citric acid and used as reducing and capping agent for preparation of gold NPs. Functionalization of fullerene by use of citric acid was performed by enzymatic and thermal approaches. The core-shell structures containing gold NPs as core and fullerene as shell (gold/fullerene) were prepared. It was found that method and density of functionalization of fullerene effect final structure and therefore their physicochemical property of hybrid nanomaterial dramatically. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the structure of the synthesized hybrid nanomaterial and also study their self-assembly and physicochemical properties. Effect of the size, structure and morphology (e.g., agglomeration) of the synthesized hybrid nanomaterial on their UV-Vis absorption behavior has been also verified by theoretical modeling.
Kinetics of Rituximab Excretion into Urine and Peritoneal Fluid in Two Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Stahl Klaus , Duong Michelle , Schwarz Anke , Wagner A. D. , Haller Hermann , Schiffer Mario , Jacobs Roland
Published: January 2017

Clinical observations suggest that treatment of Rituximab might be less effective in patients with nephrotic range proteinuria when compared to nonnephrotic patients. It is conceivable that the reason for this is that significant amounts of Rituximab might be lost in the urine in a nephrotic patient and that these patients require a repeated or higher dosage. However, this has not been systematically studied. In this case report we describe two different patients with nephrotic range proteinuria receiving Rituximab. The first patient received Rituximab for therapy resistant cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and the other for second line treatment of Felty’s syndrome. We employed flow cytometry to determine the amount of Rituximab excretion in both urine and peritoneal fluid specimens in these patients following administration of Rituximab. We found that a significant amount of Rituximab is lost from the circulation by excretion into the urine. Furthermore we saw a close correlation of the excretion of Rituximab to the excretion of IgG molecules suggesting selectivity of proteinuria as the determining factor of Rituximab excretion. Further larger scale clinical studies could have the potential to evaluate an optimal cut-off value of IgG urinary loss before a possible administration of Rituximab therefore contributing to a more individualized treatment approach in patients with nonselective and nephrotic range proteinuria.
A New Method Based on Laplace Transform and Its Application to Stability of Pipe Conveying Fluid
Authors: Wen H. B. , Yang Y. R. , Li P. , Li Y. D. , Huang Y.
Published: January 2017

A new differential transformation method is developed in this paper and is applied for free vibration problem of pipes conveying fluid. The natural frequencies, critical flow velocities, and vibration mode functions of such pipes with several typical boundary conditions are obtained and compared with the results predicted by Galerkin method and finite element method (FEM) and with other results archived. The results show that the present method is of high precision and can serve as an analytical method for the vibration of pipes conveying fluid.
Free Vibration of Embedded Porous Plate Using Third-Order Shear Deformation and Poroelasticity Theories
Authors: Arani Ali Ghorbanpour , Khoddami Maraghi Zahra , Khani Mehdi , Alinaghian Iman
Published: January 2017

This research aims at studying free vibration of rectangular plate made of porous materials in whichY-foam,G-foam, andCoustoneare used and compared with each other. To obtain the Biot formulation of the constitutive equations for a porous material, linear poroelasticity theory is used. Young modulus and density of porous plate are different in transverse direction versus porosity. In order to increase the accuracy of results in comparison with classical plate and first-order shear deformation theories, Reddy’s theory was utilized in this research. Besides, five coupled equations of motion have been studied using Hamilton’s principle and are solved by differential quadrature method (DQM). Detailed results of this study show the significant effect of aspect ratio, thickness ratio, boundary conditions, and porosity on dimensionless frequency and deflection of porous plate. Results of this study can contribute to the design of pneumatic conveying, handling, and control systems.
Unilateral Head Impulses Training in Uncompensated Vestibular Hypofunction
Authors: Binetti Ana Carolina , Varela Andrea Ximena , Lucarelli Dana Lucila , Verdecchia Daniel Héctor
Published: January 2017

The aim of this paper is to report a case of a young woman with unilateral vestibular chronic failure with a poorly compensated vestibuloocular reflex during rapid head rotation. Additionally, she developed migraine symptoms during the treatment with associated chronic dizzy sensations and blurred vision. Her report of blurred vision only improved after she completed a rehabilitation program using fast head impulse rotations towards the affected side for 5 consecutive days. We discuss why we elected this form of treatment and how this method may be useful for different patients.
Performance Enhancement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using a Natural Sensitizer
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Soeparman Sudjito , Widhiyanuriyawan Denny , Suyitno Suyitno
Published: January 2017

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on natural sensitizers have become a topic of significant research because of their urgency and importance in the energy conversion field and the following advantages: ease of fabrication, low-cost solar cell, and usage of nontoxic materials. In this study, the chlorophyll extracted from papaya leaves was used as a natural sensitizer. Dye molecules were adsorbed by TiO2 nanoparticle surfaces when submerged in the dye solution for 24 h. The concentration of the dye solution influences both the amount of dye loading and the DSSC performance. The amount of adsorbed dye molecules by TiO2 nanoparticle was calculated using a desorption method. As the concentration of dye solution was increased, the dye loading capacity and power conversion efficiency increased. Above 90 mM dye solution concentration, however, the DSSC efficiency decreased because dye precipitated on the TiO2 nanostructure. These characteristics of DSSCs were analyzed under the irradiation of 100 mW/cm2. The best performance of DSSCs was obtained at 90 mM dye solution, with the values of Voc, Jsc,  FF, and efficiency of DSSCs being 0.561 V, 0.402 mA/cm2, 41.65%, and 0.094%, respectively.
Mutation Analysis ofHTRA2Gene in Chinese Familial Essential Tremor and Familial Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: He Ya-Chao , Huang Pei , Li Qiong-Qiong , Sun Qian , Li Dun-Hui , Wang Tian , Shen Jun-Yi , Du Juan-Juan , Cui Shi-Shuang , Gao Chao , Fu Rao , Chen Sheng-Di
Published: January 2017

Background.HTRA2has already been nominated as PARK13 which may cause Parkinson’s disease, though there are still discrepancies among these results. Recently, Gulsuner et al.’s study found thatHTRA2p.G399S is responsible for hereditary essential tremor and homozygotes of this allele develop Parkinson’s disease by examining a six-generation family segregating essential tremor and essential tremor coexisting with Parkinson’s disease. We performed this study to validate the condition ofHTRA2gene in Chinese familial essential tremor and familial Parkinson’s disease patients, especially essential tremor.Methods. We directly sequenced all eight exons, exon-intron boundaries, and part of the introns in 101 familial essential tremor patients, 105 familial Parkinson’s disease patients, and 100 healthy controls.Results. No exonic variant was identified, while one exon-intron boundary variant (rs2241028) and one intron variant (rs2241027) were detected, both with no clinical significance and uncertain function. There was no difference in allele, genotype, and haplotype between groups.Conclusions.HTRA2exonic variant might be rare among Chinese Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor patients with family history, andHTRA2may not be the cause of familial Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor in China.
Visual Acuity, Retinal Sensitivity, and Macular Thickness Changes in Diabetic Patients without Diabetic Retinopathy after Cataract Surgery
Authors: Stunf Pukl Spela , Vidović Valentinčič Nataša , Urbančič Mojca , Irman Grčar Irena , Grčar Rok , Pfeifer Vladimir , Globočnik Petrovič Mojca
Published: January 2017

Aim. Functional and morphological macular study after cataract surgery in a group of diabetics without diabetic retinopathy compared to nondiabetics to evaluate the effect of surgical oxidative stress on diabetic retina.Methods. Prospective, comparative study. Preoperative eye exam, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measured by ETDRS letters, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were followed by standard cataract surgery. The follow-up visits at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively included BCVA, OCT, and microperimetry, to analyze changes within and between the groups.Results. The BCVA improved significantly in diabetics and controls: 64.2 to 81.0 and 61.9 to 82.1 ETDRS at 6 months, respectively. The central macula at OCT significantly thickened in both groups, while the central 5 fields, corresponding to the microperimetry area, subclinically thickened from 284.20 to 291.18 μm at 6 months only in diabetics (p=0.026). A matching slight decrease in the microperimetry sensitivity from 1 to 6 months was found also only in diabetics, with mean average difference −0.75 dB (p=0.04).Conclusion. Underlying diabetes does not influence the surgical outcome in diabetics without diabetic retinopathy. However, slight thickening of wider macula and corresponding decrease in retinal sensitivity observed in diabetics 6 months postoperatively might influence visual function on long term.
Lipoma Arborescens of the Knee: Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tsifountoudis Ioannis , Kapoutsis Dimitrios , Tzavellas Anastasios-Nektarios , Kalaitzoglou Ioannis , Tsikes Apostolos , Gkouvas George
Published: January 2017

Lipoma arborescens is a chronic, slow-growing, intra-articular lesion of benign nature, which is characterized by villous proliferation of the synovium, with replacement of the subsynovial connective tissue by mature fat cells. It usually involves the suprapatellar pouch of the knee joint. It is not a neoplasm but is rather considered a nonspecific reactive response to chronic synovial irritation, due to either mechanical or inflammatory insults. We report three cases of lipoma arborescens affecting the knee, the first in a young male without previous history of arthritis or trauma, the second in a 58-year-old male associated with osteoarthritis, and the final in a 44-year-old male diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis, which cover the entire pathologic spectrum of this unusual entity. We highlight the clinical findings and imaging features, by emphasizing especially the role of MRI, in the differential diagnosis of other, more complex intra-articular masses.
Tocotrienol‐Rich Fraction Ameliorates Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms and Improves Replicative Senescence‐Associated Oxidative Stress in Human Myoblasts
Authors: Khor Shy Cian , Wan Ngah Wan Zurinah , Mohd Yusof Yasmin Anum , Abdul Karim Norwahidah , Makpol Suzana
Published: January 2017

During aging, oxidative stress affects the normal function of satellite cells, with consequent regeneration defects that lead to sarcopenia. This study aimed to evaluate tocotrienol‐rich fraction (TRF) modulation in reestablishing the oxidative status of myoblasts during replicative senescence and to compare the effects of TRF with other antioxidants (α‐tocopherol (ATF) and N‐acetyl‐cysteine (NAC)). Primary human myoblasts were cultured to young, presenescent, and senescent phases. The cells were treated with antioxidants for 24 h, followed by the assessment of free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression and activities, and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Our data showed that replicative senescence increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation in myoblasts. Treatment with TRF significantly diminished ROS production and decreased lipid peroxidation in senescent myoblasts. Moreover, the gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) was modulated by TRF treatment, with increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and reduced glutathione peroxidase in senescent myoblasts. In comparison to ATF and NAC, TRF was more efficient in heightening the antioxidant capacity and reducing free radical insults. These results suggested that TRF is able to ameliorate antioxidant defense mechanisms and improves replicative senescence‐associated oxidative stress in myoblasts.
Acceptability and Preferences among Men and Women for Male Involvement in Antenatal Care
Authors: Yende Nompumelelo , Van Rie Annelies , West Nora S. , Bassett Jean , Schwartz Sheree R.
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Male involvement in antenatal care (ANC) has been associated with improved prevention of mother-to-child transmission outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa; yet it remains uncommon. We assess acceptability of male involvement from the male and female perspectives and potential incentives for men to attend ANC. Methods. Adult pregnant women and men attending primary healthcare at Witkoppen Health and Welfare Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa, from October 2013 to January 2014, were recruited using stratified random sampling to ensure equal representation across gender and HIV status. Results. 300/332 individuals (93.8%) offered participation consented. Among the 150 women, 97% had a partner; the majority (92%) preferred partner attendance at ANC, and 14% reported partner attendance during this pregnancy. The 150 men had low knowledge of services rendered at ANC outside of pregnancy monitoring, and few (19%) had previously attended ANC. Blood pressure screening, fatherhood information, and HIV testing were identified by men as incentives for attendance. Women and men expressed high willingness to, respectively, deliver (95%) and respond (97%) to ANC letter invitations. Conclusion. Invitation letters to promote male involvement in ANC are highly acceptable to pregnant women and men. Focusing invitation messages on fatherhood and primary healthcare rather than HIV testing may provide greater motivation for male involvement.
Significance of Heavy-Ion Beam Irradiation-Induced Avermectin B1a Production by EngineeredStreptomyces avermitilis
Authors: Wang Shu-Yang , Bo Yong-Heng , Zhou Xiang , Chen Ji-Hong , Li Wen-Jian , Liang Jian-Ping , Xiao Guo-Qing , Wang Yu-Chen , Liu Jing , Hu Wei , Jiang Bo-Ling
Published: January 2017

Heavy-ion irradiation technology has advantages over traditional methods of mutagenesis. Heavy-ion irradiation improves the mutation rate, broadens the mutation spectrum, and shortens the breeding cycle. However, few data are currently available regarding its effect onStreptomyces avermitilismorphology and productivity. In this study, the influence of heavy-ion irradiation onS. avermitiliswhen cultivated in approximately 10 L stirred-tank bioreactors was investigated. The specific productivity of the avermectin (AVM) B1a-producing mutantS. avermitilis147-G58 increased notably, from 3885 to 5446 μg/mL, approximately 1.6-fold, compared to the original strain. The mycelial morphology of the mutant fermentation processes was microscopically examined. Additionally, protein and metabolite identification was performed by using SDS-PAGE, 2- and 3-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE and 3DE). The results showed that negative regulation gene deletion of mutants led to metabolic process upregulating expression of protein and improving the productivity of an avermectin B1a. The results showed that the heavy-ion beam irradiation dose that corresponded to optimal production was well over the standard dose, at approximately 80 Gy at 220 AMeV (depending on the strain). This study provides reliable data and a feasible method for increasing AVM productivity in industrial processes.
Neurobiological Mechanism of Acupuncture for Relieving Visceral Pain of Gastrointestinal Origin
Authors: Zhang Fang , Wu Luyi , Zhao Jimeng , Lv Tingting , Hu Zhihai , Weng Zhijun , Wang Shuoshuo , Wu Huangan , Liu Huirong
Published: January 2017

It is currently accepted that the neural transduction pathways of gastrointestinal (GI) visceral pain include the peripheral and central pathways. Existing research on the neurological mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of GI visceral pain has primarily been concerned with the regulation of relevant transduction pathways. The generation of pain involves a series of processes, including energy transduction of stimulatory signals in the sensory nerve endings (signal transduction), subsequent conduction in primary afferent nerve fibers of dorsal root ganglia, and transmission to spinal dorsal horn neurons, the ascending transmission of sensory signals in the central nervous system, and the processing of sensory signals in the cerebral cortex. Numerous peripheral neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and cytokines participate in the analgesic process of EA in visceral pain. Although EA has excellent efficacy in the treatment of GI visceral pain, the pathogenesis of the disease and the analgesic mechanism of the treatment have not been elucidated. In recent years, research has examined the pathogenesis of GI visceral pain and its influencing factors and has explored the neural transduction pathways of this disease.
Beneficial Effects of Paeoniflorin Enriched Extract on Blood Pressure Variability and Target Organ Damage in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Li Bo , Yang Zheng-Biao , Lei Shan-Shan , Su Jie , Pang Min-Xia , Yin Chao , Chen Guo-Yang , Shan Chao-Wen , Chen Bo , Hu Hui-Ming , Chen Su-Hong , Lv Gui-Yuan
Published: January 2017

Blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with the development and progression of severe target organ damage (TOD). This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of paeoniflorin enriched extract from Radix Paeoniae Alba (PG) on BPV and TOD in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). All SHR were orally treated with distilled water, metoprolol (MP, 20 mg/kg), and PG (PG‐H, 90 mg/kg or PG‐L, 30 mg/kg) for a single time or daily for 7 weeks. The 24‐hour dynamic blood pressure was monitored and then calculated BPV including long‐ and short‐term systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV), diastolic blood pressure variability (DBPV), mean blood pressure variability (MBPV), and heart rate variability (HRV) as well as the 24‐hour‐SBP, 24‐hour‐DBP, and 24‐hour‐MBP. The protective effects of PG on TOD were observed by histopathologic and biochemical detection. The results indicated that long‐ and short‐term SBPV, DBPV, MBPV, and HRV as well as 24‐hour‐SBP, 24‐hour‐DBP, and 24‐hour‐MBP showed no significant changes after single‐dose administration of PG and significantly decreased after administration with PG for 7 weeks. PG could also markedly improve the damage of aorta, heart, kidney, and brain. This study suggested that PG could notably reduce BPV, stabilize blood pressure, and mitigate TOD in SHR.
A New Strategy for Quality Evaluation and Identification of Representative Chemical Components in Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.
Authors: Li Yun-xia , Gong Xiao-hong , Liu Mei-chen , Peng Cheng , Li Peng , Wang Yi-tao
Published: January 2017

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (HSW) is widely used as herb medicine and health food additive. Recently, a series of HSW‐induced hepatotoxicities have been reported and many studies have been carried out to investigate it. But contradictory conclusions were drawn that might be caused by the inconsistent quality of market decoction pieces. Therefore, the HSW decoction pieces quality was evaluated with a developed novel method in the paper. 25 batches of raw HSW (RHSW) and 21 batches of processed HSW (PHSW) samples were purchased from different provinces of China. HPLC determination was performed to identify and detect the contents of 16 chemical compounds in herbal material. Fingerprint similarity was analyzed using chromatography information and the results showed that most herbs were in good similarity. Then, a comprehensive evaluation strategy based on principal component analysis with representative quality control indicators was developed to evaluate the quality of HSW samples. And the rationality of the developed method was verified by HCA analysis. The results showed that the herb from Dabashan, Sichuan Province, no matter RHSW or PHSW had the best quality. Different representative components were selected for RHSW or PHSW decoction pieces which might be caused by the chemical reaction during processing. And most PHSW were unqualified according to the requirement of Chinese Pharmacopeia which might take the responsibility for the toxicity of HSW.
Intranasal Delivery of miR-146a Mimics Delayed Seizure Onset in the Lithium-Pilocarpine Mouse Model
Authors: Tao Hua , Zhao Jianghao , Liu Tingting , Cai Yujie , Zhou Xu , Xing Huaijie , Wang Yan , Yin Mingkang , Zhong Wangtao , Liu Zhou , Li Keshen , Zhao Bin , Zhou Haihong , Cui Lili
Published: January 2017

Unveiling the key mechanism of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) for the development of novel treatments is of increasing interest, and anti-inflammatory miR-146a is now considered a promising molecular target for TLE. In the current study, a C57BL/6 TLE mouse model was established using the lithium-pilocarpine protocol. The seizure degree was evaluated according to the Racine scale, and level 5 was considered the threshold for generalized convulsions. Animals were sacrificed to analyze the hippocampus at three time points (2 h and 4 and 8 weeks after pilocarpine administration to evaluate the acute, latent, and chronic phases, resp.). After intranasal delivery of miR-146a mimics (30 min before pilocarpine injection), the percent of animals with no induced seizures increased by 6.7%, the latency to generalized convulsions was extended, and seizure severity was reduced. Additionally, hippocampal damage was alleviated. While the relative miR-146a levels significantly increased, the expression of its target mRNAs (IRAK-1 and TRAF-6) and typical inflammatory modulators (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) decreased, supporting an anti-inflammatory role of miR-146a via the TLR pathway. This study is the first to demonstrate that intranasal delivery of miR-146a mimics can improve seizure onset and hippocampal damage in the acute phase of lithium-pilocarpine-induced seizures, which provides inflammation-based clues for the development of novel TLE treatments.
Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Biologically Based Assay of Lower Extremity Impairment and Gait Velocity
Authors: Peters Heather T. , Dunning Kari , Belagaje Samir , Kissela Brett M. , Ying Jun , Laine Jarmo , Page Stephen J.
Published: January 2017

Objectives. (a) To determine associations among motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, MEP latency, lower extremity (LE) impairment, and gait velocity and (b) determine the association between the presence of a detectable MEP signal with LE impairment and with gait velocity.Method. 35 subjects with chronic, stable LE hemiparesis were undergone TMS, the LE section of the Fugl-Meyer Impairment Scale (LE FM), and 10-meter walk test. We recorded presence, amplitude, and latency of MEPs in the affected tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SO).Results. MEP presence was associated with higher LEFM scores in both the TA and SO. MEP latency was larger in subjects with lower LEFM and difficulty walking.Conclusion. MEP latency appears to be an indicator of LE impairment and gait.Significance. Our results support the precept of using TMS, particularly MEP latency, as an adjunctive LE outcome measurement and prognostic technique.
Efficacy of Memantine in Schizophrenic Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Di Iorio Giuseppe , Baroni Gaia , Lorusso Marco , Montemitro Chiara , Spano Maria Chiara , di Giannantonio Massimo
Published: January 2017

Several evidences support the hypothesis that glutamatergic dysfunction may be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and in the last few years great interest has been focused on the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in human CNS and it plays a prominent role in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory and other cognitive functions. Increasing interest in memantine add-on therapy in schizophrenic patients with negative and cognitive symptoms may suggest that memantine could be a new promising treatment in schizophrenia. The aim of this update was to evaluate clinical data about the memantine effectiveness in schizophrenic patients. Our systematic review of the literature highlights that memantine therapy in schizophrenic patients seems to improve mainly negative symptoms while positive symptoms and cognitive symptoms did not improve significantly.
Stigma Experienced by Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Descriptive Review of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Maffoni Marina , Giardini Anna , Pierobon Antonia , Ferrazzoli Davide , Frazzitta Giuseppe
Published: January 2017

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms. Both of them imply a negative impact on Health-Related Quality of Life. A significant one is the stigma experienced by the parkinsonian patients and their caregivers. Moreover, stigma may affect everyday life and patient’s subjective and relational perception and it may lead to frustration and isolation. Aim of the present work is to qualitatively describe the stigma of PD patients stemming from literature review, in order to catch the subjective experience and the meaning of the stigma construct. Literature review was performed on PubMed database and Google Scholar (keywords: Parkinson Disease, qualitative, stigma, social problem, isolation, discrimination) and was restricted to qualitative data: 14 articles were identified to be suitable to the aim of the present overview. Results are divided into four core constructs: stigma arising from symptoms, stigma linked to relational and communication problems, social stigma arising from sharing perceptions, and caregiver’s stigma. The principal relations to these constructs are deeply analyzed and described subjectively through patients’ and caregiver’s point of view. The qualitative research may allow a better understanding of a subjective symptom such as stigma in parkinsonian patients from an intercultural and a social point of view.
Strong Designated Verifier Signature Schemes with Undeniable Property and Their Applications
Authors: Hu Xiaoming , Tan Wenan , Xu Huajie , Wang Jian , Ma Chuang
Published: January 2017

Most of the strong designated verifier signature (SDVS) schemes cannot tell the real signature generator when the signer and the designated verifier dispute on a signature. In other words, most of the SDVS schemes do not have the undeniability property. In this paper, we propose two SDVS schemes which hold the undeniability property, namely, strong designated verifier signature with undeniability property (SDVSUP). Our two schemes are called SDVSUP-1 and SDVSUP-2. In our two SDVSUP schemes, the signer not only can designate a verifier but also can designate an arbiter who can judge the signature when the signer and the designated verifier dispute on the signature. What is more, the judgment procedure can be performed by the arbiter alone without help from the signer or the designated verifier, which increases the judgment efficiency and reduces the complexity of signature confirmation. We also demonstrate a real instance of applying our SDVSUP scheme to electronic bidding system.
A Chilean Berry Concentrate Protects against Postprandial Oxidative Stress and Increases Plasma Antioxidant Activity in Healthy Humans
Authors: Urquiaga Ines , Ávila Felipe , Echeverria Guadalupe , Perez Druso , Trejo Sebastian , Leighton Federico
Published: January 2017

This study formulated and characterized an antioxidant‐rich concentrate of berries (BPC‐350) produced in Chile, which was used to perform a crossover study aimed at determining the effect of the berries on the modulation of plasma postprandial oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Healthy male volunteers (N = 11) were randomly assigned to three experimental meals: (1) 250 g of ground turkey burger (GTB) + 500 mL of water; (2) 250 g of GTB + 500 mL of 5% BPC‐350; (3) 250 g of GTB prepared with 6% BPC‐350 + 500 mL of 5% BPC‐350. Venous blood samples were collected prior to meal intake and every hour for six hours after intake. Malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyls in proteins, and DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant capacity were quantified in plasma. Significant differences indicated that BPC‐350 decreases MDA plasma concentration and protein carbonyls (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant increase in the DPPH antioxidant capacity was observed in Meals 2 and 3 when compared to Meal 1 (p < 0.05). The results are discussed in terms of oxidative reactions that occur during digestion at the stomach level and the important effect of oxidative reactions that occur during the thermal processing of red meat.
Acupuncture Improved Neurological Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating BDNF/TrkB Pathway
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Chen Chong , Yang Xiping , Wang Jingjing , Zhao Ming-liang , Sun Hongtao , Zhang Sai , Tu Yue
Published: January 2017

How to promote neural repair following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been an intractable problem. Although acupuncture has been demonstrated to facilitate the neurological recovery, the underlying mechanism is elusive. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exerts substantial protective effects for neurological disorders. In this study, we found that the level of BDNF and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) was elevated spontaneously after TBI and reached up to the peak at 12 h. Nevertheless, this enhancement is quickly declined to the normal at 48 h. After combined stimulation at the acupoints of Baihui, Renzhong, Hegu, and Zusanli, we found that BDNF and TrkB were still significantly elevated at 168 h. We also observed that the downstream molecular p‐Akt and p‐Erk1/2 were significantly increased, suggesting that acupuncture could persistently activate the BDNF/TrkB pathway. To further verify that acupuncture improved recovery through activating BDNF/TrkB pathway, K252a (specific inhibitor of TrkB) was treated by injection stereotaxically into lateral ventricle. We observed that K252a could significantly prevent the acupuncture‐induced amelioration of motor, sensation, cognition, and synaptic plasticity. These data indicated that acupuncture promoted the recovery of neurological impairment after TBI by activating BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway, providing new molecular mechanism for understanding traditional therapy of acupuncture.
Meta-Analysis of Pulmonary Transcriptomes from Differently Primed Mice Identifies Molecular Signatures to Differentiate Immune Responses following Bordetella pertussis Challenge
Authors: Raeven René H. M. , Pennings Jeroen L. A. , van Riet Elly , Kersten Gideon F. A. , Metz Bernard
Published: January 2017

Respiratory infection with Bordetella pertussis leads to severe effects in the lungs. The resulting immunity and also immunization with pertussis vaccines protect against disease, but the induced type of immunity and longevity of the response are distinct. In this study the effects of priming, by either vaccination or infection, on a subsequent pathogen encounter were studied. To that end, three postchallenge transcriptome datasets of previously primed mice were combined and compared to the responses in unprimed control mice. In total, 205 genes showed different transcription activity. A coexpression network analysis assembled these genes into 27 clusters, combined into six groups with overlapping biological function. Local pulmonary immunity was only present in mice with infection-induced immunity. Complement-mediated responses were more prominent in mice immunized with an outer membrane vesicle pertussis vaccine than in mice that received a whole-cell pertussis vaccine. Additionally, 46 genes encoding for secreted proteins may serve as markers in blood for the degree of protection (Cxcl9, Gp2, and Pla2g2d), intensity of infection (Retnla, Saa3, Il6, and Il1b), or adaptive recall responses (Ighg, C1qb). The molecular signatures elucidated in this study contribute to better understanding of functional interactions in challenge-induced responses in relation to pertussis immunity.
Reliability of MODIS Evapotranspiration Products for Heterogeneous Dry Forest: A Study Case of Caatinga
Authors: Miranda Rodrigo de Queiroga , Galvíncio Josiclêda Domiciano , Moura Magna Soelma Beserra de , Jones Charles Allan , Srinivasan Raghavan
Published: January 2017

Evapotranspiration (ET) is normally considered as the sum of all water that evaporates from the soil and transpires from plants. However, accurately estimating ET from complex landscapes can be difficult because of its high spatial heterogeneity and diversity of driver factors, which make extrapolation of data from a point to a larger area quite inaccurate. In this paper, we hypothesize that MODIS products can be of use to estimate ET in areas of Caatinga vegetation, the hydrology of which has not been adequately studied. The experiment was conducted in a preserved level area of Caatinga in which meteorological and water flux measures were taken throughout 2012 by eddy covariance. Evapotranspiration estimates from eddy covariance were compared with remotely sensed evapotranspiration estimates from MOD16A2 and SAFER products. Correlations were performed at monthly, 8-day, and daily scales; and producedr2values of monthly scale = 0.92, 8-day scale = 0.88, and daily scale = 0.85 for the SAFER algorithm. Monthly MOD16A2 data produced a value ofr2=0.82, and they may be useful because they are free, downloadable, and easy to use by researchers and governments.
Nutritional Supplementation Inhibits the Increase in Serum Malondialdehyde in Patients with Wet Age‐Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Matsuura Toshiyuki , Takayama Kei , Kaneko Hiroki , Ye Fuxiang , Fukukita Hiroshi , Tsunekawa Taichi , Kataoka Keiko , Hwang Shiang-Jyi , Nagasaka Yosuke , Ito Yasuki , Terasaki Hiroko
Published: January 2017

Purpose. To compare serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with wet age‐related macular degeneration (wAMD), patients with dry AMD (dAMD), and patients without AMD and to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional supplementation for treating elevated serum MDA in patients with wAMD. Methods. MDA levels were measured in sera from 20 patients with wAMD, 20 with dAMD, and 24 without AMD. Patients with wAMD were randomized to receive or not receive nutritional supplementation (10 patients in each group), and MDA levels were measured after 3 months of treatment. Results. MDA levels in patients with wAMD were significantly greater compared with patients without AMD. In eyes with wAMD, there was a significant correlation between MDA levels and choroidal neovascularization lesion area. Serum MDA levels decreased in most patients that received supplementation and significantly increased in those who did not. Conclusion. Baseline serum MDA levels were elevated in patients with wAMD, and MDA levels were directly correlated with choroidal neovascularization lesion area. In addition, nutritional supplementation appeared to exert a protective effect against oxidative stress in patients with wAMD.
A Polymorphism in the MTRR Gene Is Associated with Early Childhood Caries and Underweight
Authors: Antunes Lívia Azeredo Alves , Machado Claudio Manoel Cabral , Couto Ana Carolina Kuntz , Lopes Ludiana Barbosa , Sena Fernanda Cunha , Abreu Fernanda Volpe , Fraga Renato Silva , Küchler Erika Calvano , Antunes Leonardo Santos
Published: January 2017

Polymorphisms in genes encoding the enzymes involved in the metabolism of homocysteine, such as methionine synthase (MTR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), play an important function in the metabolism of folic acid and vitamin B12. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in genes MTR (rs1805087) and MTRR (rs1801394) with susceptibility of early childhood caries (ECC) and with body mass index alterations. A cross-sectional study was performed in 488 children aged from 2 to 6 years from 25 public day care centers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Demographic data and oral health habits were obtained through a questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and caries experience data were collected by 2 examiners (κ = 0.80). Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was carried out by TaqMan real-time PCR using genomic DNA extracted from buccal cells. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between groups with and without disease. The t test, χ2 test, odds ratio, Pearson correlation tests, and logistic regression analysis were used (p ≤ 0.05). The mean white spot lesion score was 1.18 (±2.57) in normal weight children and 2.50 (±3.87) in underweight children (p = 0.05). For MTRR polymorphisms, significant differences were observed for allele and genotype frequency distributions between caries-free and caries-affected children (p = 0.03 and 0.04 for allele and genotype frequencies, respectively) and in the genotype frequencies between normal weight and underweight children (p = 0.04). Our results suggest an association between underweight and ECC; in addition it is suggested that MTRR is a common genetic risk factor for ECC and underweight.