bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre‐fire vegetation drives post‐fire outcomes in sagebrush ecosystems: evidence from field and remote sensing data
Authors: Barker Brittany S. , Pilliod David S. , Rigge Matthew , Homer Collin G.
Published: November 2019

Understanding the factors that influence vegetation responses to disturbance is important because vegetation is the foundation of food resources, wildlife habitat, and ecosystem properties and processes. We integrated vegetation cover data derived from field plots and remotely sensed Landsat images in two focal areas over a 37‐yr period (1979–2016) to investigate how historical changes to community composition influence contemporary responses of vegetation to fire in sagebrush ecosystems in the Great Basin. Our objectives were (1) to quantify the magnitude and direction of change in the cover of native and exotic plant functional groups in relation to their exposure to fire; (2) to relate plant community changes to their historical composition, exposure to fire, and environmental conditions; and (3) to test for consistency of trends revealed by vegetation cover data derived from field plots and Landsat images. Historical (1979–1981) field data originated from 298 locations, Landsat‐derived data and contemporary (2011–2016) field data originated from 448 locations, and an expanded set of locations were included in some analyses of Landsat‐derived data. We found that areas burned by fire since the 1980s had higher annual herbaceous cover than unburned areas both historically and contemporarily. Models revealed a significant interaction between historical community composition and exposure to fire, which suggests that plots with historically high herbaceous cover were more susceptible to burning. Trends revealed by field and Landsat‐derived cover data were only partially consistent, potentially due in part to methods used to predict cover values from Landsat images, and the time period over which each data set was collected. Our results suggest that burned areas historically occupied by sagebrush‐dominated plant communities may have been invaded by exotic annuals prior to burning, possibly because of prior land uses, and after burning, have now transitioned to a persistent herbaceous‐dominated state. This type of state transition has important consequences for forage quality, wildlife habitat, soil nutrients, and future disturbances, such as drought and wildfire.
Abiotic and biotic drivers of endosymbiont community assembly in Jatropha curcas
Authors: Mighell Kimberly , Saltonstall Kristin , Turner Benjamin L. , Espinosa‐Tasón Jaime , Van Bael Sunshine A.
Published: November 2019

While the endosymbiotic communities recruited by plants are known to vary among host species and across environmental gradients, the drivers of community assembly remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that establishment of an endosymbiotic bacterial community is driven primarily by the influence of the abiotic environment on biotic interactions between plant and soil bacteria. We planted sterile Jatropha curcas seedlings at three field sites in Panama and in a greenhouse with soil from those sites. After allowing sufficient time for endosymbiont colonization, we sequenced bacterial 16S rRNA to study the endophytic bacterial community in root and leaf tissue. We compared the communities between field and greenhouse plants and examined associations among the endosymbionts, the soil microbial community, and local abiotic factors. We found that endosymbiont richness and community composition varied between the greenhouse and field, despite plants being grown in the same soil. Plants in each field site harbored a distinct bacterial community, determined by soil microbes and select environmental variables, particularly major plant nutrients. Jatropha curcas can harbor a wide variety of endosymbiotic communities, and the composition of these communities is a product of the local environment. Fertility and agricultural practices may determine the fate of plant symbionts and therefore plant properties modulated through those symbionts.
Borane‐Mediated Vinylphosphane Cycloaddition to Conjugated Ynones
Authors: Li Jun , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: November 2019

Dimesitylvinylphosphane 4 reacts with a small series of conjugated ynones and B(C6F5)3 to give the five‐membered heterocyclic phosphorus containing products 8. The reaction of allyldimesitylphosphane with dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate and B(C6F5)3 follows a related pathway to give the six‐membered phosphorus containing product 12.
Political socialization in kindergartens: Observations of ceremonies of the Israeli Jewish holidays and memorial days
Authors: Nasie Meytal , Bar‐Tal Daniel
Published: November 2019

This study investigated political socialization in Israeli‐Jewish kindergartens. Specifically, it examined the scope of conflict supporting and peace supporting themes that Jewish‐Israeli kindergarten teachers transmit to children during ceremonies of national events. Sixty‐eight observations in 17 state‐secular and state‐religious kindergartens were conducted during five ceremonies: Passover, Holocaust Day, Memorial Day for Israeli Fallen Soldiers, Independence Day, and Jerusalem Day. The findings reveal that teachers transmit messages that comply with the conflict supporting themes to the children. The most dominant themes were collective self‐perceived victimization, justness of one’s own goals, positive collective self‐image, ingroup security, and patriotism. These themes were more dominant in state‐religious than in state‐secular kindergartens. Thus, we found that the kindergarten teachers serve as agents of political socialization who transmit the hegemonic national narratives to the younger generation.
Individual cognitive remediation therapy benefits for patients with anorexia nervosa and high autistic features
Authors: Dandil Yasemin , Smith Katherine , Adamson James , Tchanturia Kate
Published: November 2019

Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) is an increasingly implemented intervention in psychiatric conditions. The majority of randomized treatment trials in psychiatry reports cognitive improvements resulting in better functional outcomes in CRT groups. This brief report from the national inpatient treatment programme for eating disorders demonstrates cognitive performance task–based improvements in patients with high and low autistic characteristics. This preliminary study shows feasibility and benefits of individual CRT in patients who have autism spectrum disorder features.
Effect of heat extraction on water‐soluble taste substances in processing products of chilled large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)
Authors: Zhou Fen , Wang Xi‐Chang
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we analyzed the umami amino acids composition and content in minced meat (MM), fish head meat (HM), and fish roe (R). According to different ratios of material to liquid, we extracted water‐soluble taste substances from the three materials and then compared composition and content of the umami amino acids and taste nucleotides in the different water‐soluble taste substances. Finally, we analyzed Taste Activity Value (TAV) and the Equivalent Umami Concentration (EUC) between umami amino acids and taste nucleotides. The results showed that umami amino acids total content in MM, HM, and R samples were, respectively, 50.63 mg/100 g, 41.95 mg/100 g, and 67.06 mg/100 g. When the water‐soluble taste substances extracted from the above samples were in the “D” state (MM), the “C” state (HM), and the “C” state (R), respectively, the umami amino acid content could be comparable to the original sample. And the highest EUCs were respectively 1.37 g MSG/100 g, 0.87 g MSG/100 g, and 0.49 g MSG/100 g (MSG: Sodium Glutamate). To some extent, the results of this study indicated that the water‐soluble taste substances could be equivalent to the original sample and could be further applied as a taste regulator in some respects.
Neural bases of self‐ and object‐motion in a naturalistic vision
Authors: Pitzalis Sabrina , Serra Chiara , Sulpizio Valentina , Committeri Giorgia , de Pasquale Francesco , Fattori Patrizia , Galletti Claudio , Sepe Rosamaria , Galati Gaspare
Published: November 2019

To plan movements toward objects our brain must recognize whether retinal displacement is due to self‐motion and/or to object‐motion. Here, we aimed to test whether motion areas are able to segregate these types of motion. We combined an event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, brain mapping techniques, and wide‐field stimulation to study the responsivity of motion‐sensitive areas to pure and combined self‐ and object‐motion conditions during virtual movies of a train running within a realistic landscape. We observed a selective response in MT to the pure object‐motion condition, and in medial (PEc, pCi, CSv, and CMA) and lateral (PIC and LOR) areas to the pure self‐motion condition. Some other regions (like V6) responded more to complex visual stimulation where both object‐ and self‐motion were present. Among all, we found that some motion regions (V3A, LOR, MT, V6, and IPSmot) could extract object‐motion information from the overall motion, recognizing the real movement of the train even when the images remain still (on the screen), or moved, because of self‐movements. We propose that these motion areas might be good candidates for the “flow parsing mechanism,” that is the capability to extract object‐motion information from retinal motion signals by subtracting out the optic flow components.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Cyclic Ketones by Enantioselective Conjugate Radical Additions
Authors: Nad Sukanya , Sibi Mukund P.
Published: November 2019

Enantioselective conjugate radical addition to 2‐acyloxymethyl cycloalkenones proceeds in high yield with outstanding diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity using chiral salen Lewis acids. The process provides access to 2,3‐disubstituted cycloalkanones, a structural motif present in natural products.
Multiplex network analysis of the UK over‐the‐counter derivatives market
Authors: Bardoscia Marco , Bianconi Ginestra , Ferrara Gerardo
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we analyse the network of exposures constructed by using the UK trade repository data for three different categories of contracts: interest rate, credit, and foreign exchange derivatives. We study how liquidity shocks related to variation margins propagate across the network and translate into payment deficiencies across different derivative markets. A key finding of the paper is that, in extreme theoretical scenarios where liquidity buffers are small, a handful of institutions may experience significant spillover effects due to the directionality of their portfolios. Additionally, we show that two novel multiplex centrality measures, the Functional Multiplex Eigenvector Centrality and the Functional Multiplex PageRank, can be used as a proxy for the vulnerability of financial institutions, with the Functional Multiplex PageRank improving on the results that can be obtained using the Functional Multiplex Eigenvector Centrality.
Equity premium prediction and structural breaks
Authors: Smith Simon C.
Published: November 2019

A Bayesian autoregressive model that allows for multiple structural breaks outperforms the historical average, which has proven so successful, in a statistically and economically significant way for mean‐variance investors when forecasting the equity premium. A range of autoregressive models that do not allow for breaks or do so in an ad hoc way fail to outperform the historical average. The Bayesian model estimates three breaks that occur in 1929, 1940, and 1971 corresponding to major events that drive the shifts in the underlying distribution of the premium. Allowing for breaks over the forecast horizon further improves the forecasting power.
A ginger derivative, zingerone—a phenolic compound—induces ROS‐mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells (HCT‐116)
Authors: Su Ping , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Krishna Mohan Surapaneni , Lu Wang
Published: November 2019

Zingerone (ZO), an active phenolic agent derived from Zingiber officinale (Ginger), has many pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antitumor. However, its potential value in cancer and the mechanism by which ZO wields its therapeutic effects remain obscure. Therefore, in this current study, we explored the effects of ZO on suppressing cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis in colon cancer cells (HCT116). Our results indicated that ZO significantly enhances the production of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS]), and loss of cell viability; and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and antioxidant levels (SOD, CAT, and GSH) in ZO‐treated HCT116 cells in a dose‐dependent (2.5, 5, and 10 µM) manner. Furthermore, ZO induces oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis as evidenced by apoptotic morphological changes predicted by AO/EtBr, Hoechst staining and further confirmed by comet assay. Moreover, immunoblotting techniques showed that ZO treatment effectively enhances Bax, caspase‐9, and caspase‐3 expressions and decreases the expression of Bcl‐2 in colon cancer cells. Together, our results evidenced that the antitumor effects of ZO reduce cell proliferation and stimulate apoptosis through modulating pro‐ and antiapoptotic molecular events in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Therefore, based on our findings, ZO may be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of colon cancer.
Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and their genotoxicity
Authors: Shati Ali A. , Elsaid Fahmy G.
Published: November 2019

The human‐pathogenic bacteria have become highly resistant to conventional antibiotics; for this reason, a new biosynthesized nanomaterial might be a solution. The culture filtrate of two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum (14, 17) was used in the biosynthesis of nanosilver (AgNPs). The size of the nanoparticles produced by isolate F14 ranged from 19 to 30 nm, whereas the size of those formed via isolate F17 ranged between 16 and 25 nm. Moreover, the produced bio‐nanosilver was tested against the human‐pathogenic bacteria Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumonia and the outcome results displayed great antibacterial efficacy in a different manner compared with the three different biogenic antibiotics. Collectively, the results depicted that the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed a three and a half times greater activity than the used antibiotics. Differential display reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was used to study gene regulation in the treated E. coli (F14) compared with the nontreated ones. Different upregulated and downregulated genes were observed. The cytotoxicity of the produced AgNPs was examined on rats with an average body weight of 200 g each; these animals were grouped into three different groups. The obtained AgNPs showed very low toxicity on the treated rats in comparison to the control group. The physiological parameters, for example, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, albumin, creatinine, and urea in the treated animals were changed within to a lower degree compared with those in the nontreated animals. The current study exhibited that AgNPs might be favorable antibacterial agents, especially against multidrug‐resistant bacteria.
Docosahexaenoic acid suppresses migration of triple‐negative breast cancer cell through targeting metastasis‐related genes and microRNA under normoxic and hypoxic conditions
Authors: Javadian Mahsa , Shekari Najibeh , Soltani ‐ Zangbar Mohammad S. , Mohammadi Ali , Mansoori Behzad , Maralbashi Sepideh , Shanehbandi Dariush , Baradaran Behzad , Darabi Masood , Kazemi Tohid
Published: November 2019

There is insufficient evidence with respect to the effect of the standard anticancer therapeutic agents as well as common dietary supplements on the expression of such genes and microRNAs (miRNAs). Therefore, this study was aimed to study the effect of applying linoleic acid (LA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) fatty acids alone or combined with Taxol on the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9, MMP‐2, vimentin, and talin2 genes, tumor‐suppressor miR‐194 and, onco‐miR‐106b in triple‐negative breast cancer cell line, known as MDA‐MB‐231. MDA‐MB‐231 as metastatic breast cancer cell line was cultured and treated using 0.3 μM Taxol, 100 μM DHA, and 50 μM LA for 24 hours, alone or combined with Taxol under the normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cells were harvested, after RNA extraction and complementary DNA synthesis, analysis of the expression levels of the studied genes and miRNAs was done through the use of the quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Wound healing assay and Western blot analysis were also performed for confirmation. The results of qRT‐PCR showed that treating the MDA‐MB‐231 cells with DHA caused an increase in the miR‐194 expression and a decrease in the miR‐106b expression, leading to the downregulation of the MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, and vimentin, and upregulation of the talin2 under the normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The results of the wound healing scratch assay revealed that the administration of the DHA and the DHA‐Taxol combination caused the repression of cell migration in comparison with the control groups under the normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The results of the Western blot analysis demonstrated that DHA and the DHA‐Taxol combination caused an increase in the expression of the talin2 protein rather than the control cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. This study showed that DHA has significant antimetastatic effects against the triple‐negative breast cancer cells. DHA could serve as a promising supplementation for suppressing the breast cancer cell migration, especially under the hypoxic condition.
Downregulated microRNA‐92a‐3p inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells in acute pancreatitis by enhancing KLF2 expression
Authors: Ling Lan , Wang Hai‐Feng , Li Jing , Li Yan , Gu Cheng‐Dong
Published: November 2019

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is known worldwide as one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases, prospectively leading to hospitalization coupled with increasing incidence. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be potential biomarkers for pancreatitis. In this study, we verified the hypothesis that miR‐92a‐3p is implicated in the development of AP by controlling the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) through the modulation of the Kruppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) and inflammatory factors in rats. Initially, we established a rat model of AP and extracted the pancreatic tissues. Then, the positive rate of KLF2 was measured using immunohistochemistry, and the expression of the related genes was determined by rReverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay and flow cytometry, and the contents of inflammatory factors were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. AP rats presented with increased miR‐92a‐3p expression as well as decreased KLF2 expression in PACs. The downregulation of miR‐92a‐3p and overexpression of KLF2 led to decline in expression of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), survivin, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and Bax as well as extent of NF‐κB phosphorylation, contents of inflammatory factors, and apoptosis rate of PACs, but to increased KLF2 and B‐cell lymphoma‐2 levels and proliferation rate of PACs. Collectively, the data obtained from the present study demonstrated that reduced miR‐92a‐3p expression may relieve AP through its suppressive effects on cell apoptosis, inflammatory factors, and facilitatory effects on cell proliferation by enhancing KLF2 expression.
Acute glucose fluctuation induces inflammation and neurons apoptosis in hippocampal tissues of diabetic rats
Authors: Wang Hui , Deng JiuLing , Chen Liang , Ding Ke , Wang Yi
Published: November 2019

It is well‐recognized that glycemic disorders are leading causes of diabetic complications and acute fluctuation of blood glucose and reported more likely being related to oxidative stress, vasculopathy, and other diabetic complications than continuous hyperglycemia in patients with diabetic and animal models. To explore the hypothesis that acute glucose fluctuation (GF) aggravates inflammatory lesions and neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Twenty female GK rats were randomly allocated into a glucose fluctuating group (GK‐GF) and a continuous hyperglycemia group (GK‐CHG) and 10 age‐matched female Wistar rats served as controls. GF was induced in the GK‐GF group by injection with glucose and insulin at different periods of time per day for 6 weeks. Body weight was determined weekly. At the end of the study, blood hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and serum lipids were measured. Serum and hippocampus interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Hippocampus Bcl‐2, Bax, Pten, fas, and myc were quantified by qRT‐PCR and Western blot analysis and Mirror Water Maze (MWM) test was performed. We successfully established an animal model with daily GF and a control model with CHG using GK diabetic rats. The GF and CHG rats showed lower weight gain during the 6‐week experimental period with no significant difference in the levels of serum lipids such as total triglyceride, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with the control rats at the end of the study. Meanwhile, the GF and CHG rats showed higher blood HbA1c levels than that of control rats. MWM trainings tests detected that glucose disorders in GF and CHG rats tend to present longer latencies, more cross times and longer path length compared with those of the control rats, indicating impaired the hippocampus‐regulated behavioral function such as spatial orientating and memory. Importantly, it was found that GF promoted the expression of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in the hippocampus of the GF rats while continuous hyperglycemia in CHG rats had little effect on that. Furthermore, both GF and CHG diabetic rats had abnormal expression of apoptosis‐associated genes in the hippocampus compared with control Wistar rats and neurons apoptosis in GF rats appears to be more severe than CHG rats. Overall, this study confirmed that GF is a more critical factor that would promote the neuron apoptosis and induce inflammation in the hippocampus than continuous hyperglycemia in diabetic animals, which shed new light on the importance of monitoring and administration of blood glucose in the prevention and therapy for diabetes.
LIN28B/IRS1 axis is targeted by miR‐30a‐5p and promotes tumor growth in colorectal cancer
Authors: Tang Mei , Zhou Jing , You Lirui , Cui Zhirong , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2019

Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is a potential oncogene that has been implicated in several malignant tumors. However, the regulatory mechanism of IRS1 remains to be investigated. The aim of our current study is to unveil the mechanism by which IRS1 exerts functions in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression level of IRS1 was found to be higher in CRC cells in comparison with the normal cell. To determine the role of IRS1 in regulating CRC cellular processes, loss‐of‐function assays were designed and carried out in two CRC cell lines. Both in vitro and in vivo functional assays indicated that silencing of IRS1 suppressed CRC cell survival. Based on bioinformatics prediction and mechanism experiments, IRS1 was identified as a downstream target of miR‐30a‐5p. Furthermore, RNA‐binding protein lin‐28 homolog B (LIN28B) was determined to be a stabilizer of IRS1 messenger RNA. More importantly, LIN28B also acted as a target of miR‐30a‐5p.Through rescue assays, we proved that LIN28B‐stablized IRS1 mediated miR‐30a‐5p‐mediated CRC cell growth. In conclusion, this study revealed that LIN28B and LIN28B‐stablized IRS1 promoted CRC cell growth by cooperating with miR‐30a‐5p.
Activation Strain Analyses of Counterion and Solvent Effects on the Ion‐Pair SN2 Reaction of and CH3Cl
Authors: Savoo Nandini , Laloo Jalal Z. A. , Rhyman Lydia , Ramasami Ponnadurai , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Poater Jordi
Published: November 2019

We have computationally studied the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reactions of MnNH2(n−1) + CH3Cl (M+ = Li+, Na+, K+, and MgCl+; n = 0, 1) in the gas phase and in tetrahydrofuran solution at OLYP/6‐31++G(d,p) using polarizable continuum model implicit solvation. We wish to explore and understand the effect of the metal counterion M+ and of solvation on the reaction profile and the stereochemical preference, that is, backside (SN2‐b) versus frontside attack (SN2‐f). The results were compared to the corresponding ion‐pair SN2 reactions involving F− and OH− nucleophiles. Our analyses with an extended activation strain model of chemical reactivity uncover and explain various trends in SN2 reactivity along the nucleophiles F−, OH−, and , including solvent and counterion effects. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The personal self of psychotherapists: Dimensions, correlates, and relations with clients
Authors: Orlinsky David E. , Rønnestad Michael Helge , Hartmann Armin , Heinonen Erkki , Willutzki Ulrike
Published: November 2019

Objective

The personal self of psychotherapists, that is, experiences of self in close personal relationships and its association with therapists' individual and professional attributes is explored. The study aimed to: (a) describe therapists' self‐ratings on specific self‐attributes; (b) determine their dimensionality; (c) explore demographic, psychological, and professional correlates; and (d) assess the convergence with professional self.

Method

Data from the Development of Psychotherapists Common Core Questionnaire were available for > 10,000 psychotherapists of various professions, theoretical orientations, career levels, and nations.

Results

Most psychotherapists described themselves in close relationships in affirming terms (e.g., warm/friendly), although a substantial minority also described themselves in negative terms. Factor analyses yielded four dimensions: Genial/Caring, Forceful/Exacting, Reclusive/Remote, and Ardent/Expressive. Being Genial/Caring was associated with life satisfaction. Among professional attributes, personal self‐experiences, and parallel dimensions of relationship with clients correlated strongly.

Conclusions

Analyses of > 10,000 psychotherapists revealed meaningful variations in personal self relevant to personal and professional life.
Effect of intrapersonal emotional competences on the relationship between attachment insecurity and severity of eating disorder symptoms in patients with restrictive anorexia
Authors: Nandrino Jean‐Louis , Dodin Vincent , Cottencin Olivier , Doba Karyn
Published: November 2019

Objective

Attachment insecurity and emotional competences (EC) form a key part of conceptual models of anorexia nervosa (AN). We explored the relationship between attachment dimensions and EC on the severity of eating disorders in patients diagnosed with restrictive AN.

Method

Sixty‐three female patients with restrictive AN and 63 healthy participants completed self‐report measures (eating symptoms, EC, attachment, depression, and anxiety).

Result

Patients with restrictive AN used fewer adaptive and more maladaptive regulation strategies and showed low levels of intrapersonal EC. The partial least squares path modeling analysis showed that high levels of attachment anxiety or avoidance lead to a decrease in intrapersonal EC, which in turn contributes to greater severity of eating symptoms in anorexic patients.

Conclusions

Lower intrapersonal EC played an important mediating role in the effects of attachment insecurity on the severity of eating disorders. The joint use of therapeutic programs that target both EC and attachment processes constitutes a promising approach.
Emotional responding: Integration of multiple constructs and association with psychological health
Authors: Clifton Jessica , Seehuus Martin , Parent Justin , Pichler Emily , Fondacaro Karen
Published: November 2019

Objective

Numerous psychological constructs exist to describe different facets of emotional responding, but they have rarely been examined together. We empirically modeled the associations between four psychological constructs (mindfulness, emotional nonacceptance, experiential avoidance, and anxiety sensitivity) of individuals' responses to their affective experience, hypothesizing that a bifactor model would fit the data best.

Method

We used exploratory structural equation modeling, a novel latent variable modeling framework, to compare five measurement models of emotional responding in an online community sample (N = 307).

Results

A bifactor model including a general emotional responding factor had substantial factor loadings from nearly all items, with mixed results for specific factors. Exploratory analyses supported the significant association of avoidant emotional responding and psychopathology/well‐being.

Conclusion

The general avoidant emotional responding factor appears to overlap most directly with experiential avoidance and may be a transtheoretical construct relevant to mental health.
GET.HAPPY2 – User perspectives on an internet‐based self‐management positive psychology intervention among persons with and without depression: Results from a retrospective survey
Authors: Görges Frauke , Oehler Caroline , von Hirschhausen Eckart , Hegerl Ulrich , Rummel‐Kluge Christine
Published: November 2019

Objective

Previous research suggests that online positive psychology interventions (PPI) are frequently used by individuals with symptoms of depression. We aimed to investigate differences in the way depressed and nondepressed users react to the content of an existing online PPI, originally designed for the general public.

Method

In a retrospective online survey, we assessed discontinuation parameters, aspects of satisfaction with the program, and negative reactions among users of an online PPI.

Results

Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that, overall, reactions between depressed and nondepressed individuals were similar. Differences were observed concerning reasons for using and for discontinuing the program, the perception of exercises, and negative reactions.

Conclusions

Although satisfaction with the program was high, it did not seem to fully meet users’ expectations and might be more difficult to complete during episodes of depression. Implications of this study for the adaptation of online PPIs addressing depressed individuals are discussed.
Veterans’ perspectives on discussing moral injury in the context of evidence‐based psychotherapies for PTSD and other VA treatment
Authors: Borges Lauren M. , Bahraini Nazanin H. , Holliman Brooke Dorsey , Gissen Maura R. , Lawson W. Cole , Barnes Sean M.
Published: November 2019

Objective

We examined Veterans’ perspectives on discussing moral injury in veterans affairs (VA) evidence‐based psychotherapies (EBPs) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other VA treatment.

Methods

Fourteen male warzone veterans (ages 25–74) who completed an EBP for PTSD within the past year participated in semistructured interviews related to discussing moral injury in VA treatment (e.g., EBPs for PTSD, chaplaincy). Qualitative interviews were evaluated using a thematic analysis.

Results

Four themes were identified; moral injury is often not identified or discussed during therapy, therapeutic relationships can promote or inhibit discussion of moral injury, treatment has limited impact on moral injury, and it is difficult to cope with moral injury even after treatment.

Conclusion

The majority of Veterans interviewed identified moral injury persisting within a year of completing a PTSD EBP. These findings highlight the value of asking about, assessing, and treating moral injury in Veterans. Our results suggest the importance of developing specific moral injury interventions for warzone Veterans.
The relationship with the voices as a dialogical experience: The role of self‐focused attention and dissociation
Authors: Perona‐Garcelán Salvador , López‐Jiménez Ana M. , Bellido‐Zanin Gloria , Senín‐Calderón Cristina , Ruiz‐Veguilla Miguel , Rodríguez‐Testal Juan F.
Published: November 2019

Objective

The purpose of this article was to study the relationship of self‐focused attention and dissociation with the dialogical relationship persons diagnosed with psychosis have with their voices.

Method

The DAIMON Scale was applied to 62 persons diagnosed with psychosis to measure the dialogical relationship with their voices, and the Cambridge depersonalization scale, the Tellegen absorption scale, and the self‐focused attention scale.

Results

The results showed that the dialogical relationship with the voices was associated with high levels of self‐focused attention (private and public), depersonalization, and absorption. It was also found that absorption mediated significantly between public self‐focused attention and the dialogical relationship with the voices.

Conclusions

The role of dissociation and self‐focused attention in forming the dialogical relationship a person with psychosis has with the voices is discussed and approaches to treatment are suggested.
Combined enhancement effects of static magnetic field (SMF) and a yeast Candida tropicalis SYF‐1 on continuous treatment of Acid Red B by activated sludge under hypersaline conditions
Authors: Tan Liang , Mu Guangdi , Shao Yifan , Ning Shuxiang , Shi Shengnan
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Large amounts of wastewater containing azo dyes and salts (e.g. from textile and dyeing processes) are produced each year, which need appropriate treatment before discharge. In the present study, combined enhancement effects of static magnetic field (SMF) and a halotolerant yeast Candida tropicalis SYF‐1 on continuous treatment of Acid Red B (ARB) under hypersaline conditions (containing 30 g L−1 NaCl) were estimated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The dynamics of the microbial community was also analyzed.

RESULTS

Removal percentages of ARB concentration, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acute toxicity in the yeast–SMF co‐enhanced SBR (named as MSF‐SBR) were finally stabilized at about 98.0, 98.2 and 72.9% respectively, which were the highest among all SBRs. MSF‐SBR also possessed the highest biomass concentration (∼7462.1 mg L−1) and the best sludge settleability. Higher activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide‐dependent dichlorophenol indophenol (NADH‐DCIP) reductase, lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) in MSF‐SBR were determined as responsible for higher degradation and detoxification efficiency. Bacterial genus Defluviimonas was putatively enriched in MSF‐SBR, which might be responsible for detoxification of aromatic intermediates. Candida was identified as the most dominant fungal genus in MSF‐SBR with a total relative abundance of 8.15%, which was responsible for effective dye degradation and detoxification.

CONCLUSION

MSF‐SBR displayed higher and more stable treatment efficiency of ARB under hypersaline and continuous operation conditions. This study may provide a potentially applicable method for coping with purification of hypersaline industrial wastewaters. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Taxonomic significance of cypsela morphology in tribe Cichoreae (Asteraceae) using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Ayaz Sana , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Ali Muhammad I. , Sultana Shazia , Mustafa Muhammad Raza Ul , Kilic Omer , Çobanoğlu Duygu N. , Demirpolat Azize , Ghani Abdul , Afza Rabia , Ahmad Khalid , Munir Mamoona , Kalsoom Nomana , Raza Jamil
Published: November 2019

The current study deals with the detailed morphology investigation of eight Cypsela species belonging to tribe Cichoreae. The different Cypsela types were described, explained, compared, and their taxonomic significance is discussed in detail. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to highlight quantitative and qualitative characters of underestudied species. Cypsela exhibit great diversity in macro and micromorphological features such as shape, color, length, width, anticlinal and periclinal wall patterns, surface patterns, epicuticular projections. Majority of Cypsela species were brownish in color and their size ranges from 2.16 to 3.98 mm in length and 1.16 to 0.82 mm in breadth. A great diversity in Cypsela shapes like oblanceolate to obovate, obovoid to cylindrical, obvate, narrowly lanceolate were observed. Most of the platelets having epicuticular projections were observed. The surface pattern on the cypsela surface varied from rugose papillate, verrucose papillate, and striated. On the basis of considerable variations observed, the present study can assist as useful constraints at various taxonomic levels. The aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive description of the Cypsela morphology and to determine the extent to which these micro morphological data can be used as a taxonomic character to delineate various taxa belonging to the tribe Cichoreae.
Recent advances in iridium(I) catalysis towards directed hydrogen isotope exchange
Authors: Kerr William J. , Knox Gary J. , Paterson Laura C.
Published: November 2019

The initial discovery and establishment of a family of novel iridium catalysts possessing N‐heterocyclic carbene units alongside bulky phosphine ligands allowed selected substrates to be labelled using deuterium or tritium gas at desirably low catalyst loadings via an ortho‐directed C―H insertion process. Such a method has broad applicability and offers distinct advantages within the pharmaceutical industry, directly facilitating the ability to carefully monitor a potential drug molecule's biological fate. Over the past decade since these initial protocols were divulged, many additional advances have been made in terms of catalyst design and substrate scope. This review describes the broadened array of new iridium catalysts and associated protocols for direct and selective C―H activation and hydrogen isotope insertion within a number of new chemical entities of direct relevance to the pharmaceutical industry.
Association of QT dispersion with mortality and arrhythmic events—A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Bazoukis George , Yeung Cynthia , Wui Hang Ho Ryan , Varrias Dimitrios , Papadatos Stamatis , Lee Sharen , Ho Christien Li Ka , Sakellaropoulou Antigoni , Saplaouras Athanasios , Kitsoulis Panagiotis , Vlachos Konstantinos , Lampropoulos Konstantinos , Thomopoulos Costas , Letsas Konstantinos P. , Liu Tong , Tse Gary
Published: November 2019

Background

The risk stratification of coronary heart disease (CHD) and/or heart failure (HF) patients with easily measured electrocardiographic markers is of clinical importance. The aim of this meta‐analysis is to indicate whether increased QT dispersion (QTd) is associated with fatal and nonfatal outcomes in patients with CHD and/or HF.

Methods

We systematically searched MEDLINE and Cochrane databases without restrictions until August 15, 2018 using the keyword “QT dispersion”. Studies including data on the association between QTd and all‐cause mortality, sudden cardiac death (SCD) or arrhythmic events in patients with HF and/or CHD were classified as eligible.

Results

In the analysis including patients with CHD and/or HF, we found that QTd did not differ significantly in patients with SCD compared to no SCD patients while QTd was significantly greater in the group of all‐cause mortality patients and in patients who experienced a sustained ventricular arrhythmia. Subgroup analysis showed that in myocardial infarction studies, QTd was significantly higher in patients with an arrhythmic event compared to arrhythmic event‐free patients while a nonsignificant difference was found in QTd in patients who died from any cause compared to survivors. Similarly, in HF patients, the QTd was significantly greater in patients with an arrhythmic event while a nonsignificant difference was found regarding all‐cause mortality and SCD outcomes.

Conclusions

QTd has a prognostic role for stratifying myocardial infarction or HF patients who are at higher risk of arrhythmic events. However, no prognostic role was found regarding all‐cause mortality or SCD in this patient population.
Drought characteristics and its impact on changes in surface vegetation from 1981 to 2015 in the Yangtze River Basin, China
Authors: Jiang Weixia , Wang Lunche , Feng Lan , Zhang Ming , Yao Rui
Published: November 2019

Located in the subtropical monsoon climate area of China, the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) had been frequently affected by drought events recently. Based on standardized precipitation evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI), the characteristics of drought in the YRB and the influence of drought on vegetation in different seasons were investigated by maximum correlation (Rmax) between 1981 and 2015. The results showed that: (a) Droughts occurred frequently but had no obvious regularity in the YRB from 1981 to 2015. The drought intensity in autumn and winter were slightly higher than that in spring and summer. The autumn droughts in Sichuan Basin were the most serious, followed by the spring droughts in the middle and lower reaches of the YRB; (b) Annual SPEI series at 102 stations exhibited a downward trend and 72 stations exhibited an upward trend. There was no station showing a significant downward trend and two stations showing a significant upward trend. There was a drying trend in autumn and winter, and a wetting trend in spring and summer. The eastern area of the YRB shows a more arid trend in spring and autumn, as well as in the southwest in winter; (c) 90% of YRB showed a significant positive correlation (p < .05) between SPEI and EVI during the growing season (March–October), and the vegetation was more sensitive to short‐term and medium‐term drought. However, there were spatial and seasonal differences in the impact of drought on vegetation. Different types of land cover had different responses to droughts. Grasslands and croplands were more sensitive to droughts, grasslands at low elevation was dominated by short‐term droughts, while at high elevation was influenced by medium‐long‐ and long‐term droughts. Croplands and woodlands were more vulnerable to short‐term droughts.
Proximal–distal fall deposit correlation of VEI‐5 tephra (Towada‐Chuseri) from Towada volcano, northeast Japan
Authors: Ishimura Daisuke , Hiramine Reona
Published: November 2019

A tephra layer offers an isochronous surface in sediments, thus serving as a key bed and/or an age marker. Recent high‐resolution sediment research (e.g. varved sediments) has revealed optically invisible tephra fingerprints and provided high‐precision tephra ages. However, a tephra‐based correlation cannot succeed without detailed knowledge of the tephra characteristics in a proximal area to correlate with tephra in high‐resolution sediments in remote areas. Here we documented the detailed characteristics of Towada‐Chuseri (To‐Cu) tephra, which is associated with the Middle Holocene volcanic explosivity index 5 eruption of Towada volcano, northeast Japan. We used To‐Cu tephra samples to achieve the proximal–distal correlation of three members: Chuseri pumice (Cu), Kanegasawa pumice (Kn) and Utarube ash (Ut). These distal occurrences correlate with proximal To‐Cu tephra based on volcanic glass morphology and refractive index, as well as on major element composition of volcanic glass shards. Refractive indices allow the preliminary correlation of each member, and major element composition helps in distinguishing Ut from the other members. Glass morphology provides additional support. These correlations reveal that To‐Cu, especially Cu, covered central to northeast Japan while confirming that To‐Cu is the representative tephra in the Middle Holocene of the Tohoku region.
The 532‐nm‐excited hyper‐Raman spectroscopy of globular protein and aromatic amino acids
Authors: Wen Chun‐I , Hiramatsu Hirotsugu
Published: November 2019

Hyper‐Raman (HR) spectroscopy reveals unique information about molecular structures, because of its different selection rule, compared with that of the infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The application of HR spectroscopy on biomolecules' research has been expected for a long time. Herein, we report the HR spectra of the amino acids tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), histidine, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution, obtained at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm. The HR bands of BSA were mostly assigned to those of the aromatic amino acids. The predominance of the aromatic amino acids was explained by considering the resonance effect of the excitation beam to the electronic absorption around 266 nm, the double frequency of 532 nm (e.g. La of Trp, Lb of Tyr). Besides the Raman bands observed in the 266‐nm‐excited ultraviolet resonance Raman spectrum, some of the IR‐active bands of Tyr were also detected. Hence, the HR spectroscopy serves as a new tool toward the investigation of proteins as well as of biomolecules and more complicated biological structures with the 532‐nm excitation.
Noncontrast Magnetic Resonance Angiography Clinical Application in Pre–Liver Transplant Recipients With Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Huang Po‐Hsun , Liao Chien‐Chang , Chen Meng‐Hsiang , Huang Tung‐Liang , Chen Chao‐Long , Ou Hsin‐You , Cheng Yu‐Fan
Published: November 2019

Image evaluation of the vascular architecture is essential before living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). However, the use of contrast‐enhanced study in recipients with impaired renal function is limited due to the risk of acute kidney injury and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Therefore, a contrast medium–free method is both valuable and necessary for preoperative vascular evaluation. Recent literature reported inflow‐sensitive inversion recovery (IFIR) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) without the use of a contrast medium to be a reproducible and noninvasive tool to assess hepatic vasculature with adequate‐to‐good image quality. The purpose of this study is to clinically apply IFIR MRA preoperatively in LDLT recipients. We retrospectively reviewed 31 LDLT recipients with renal function impairment from March 2013 to August 2018 who received IFIR MRA as a pretransplant vascular architecture evaluation and who underwent a subsequent LDLT. The image findings were assessed for subjective image quality and were compared with intraoperative findings. Our results showed that the pretransplant vascular anatomy was well correlated with intraoperative findings in all recipients. Successful ratings with image quality scores ≥2 for proper hepatic arteries (PHAs), portal veins, and inferior vena cavas (IVCs) were 100.0%, 96.8%, and 93.5%, respectively. Readable ratings with imaging quality score ≥1 for left and right hepatic arteries and gastroepiploic arteries were 83.9%, 96.7%, and 22.6%, respectively. We also found that recipients with higher Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease scores (>23) had lower image quality scores for PHAs (P = 0.003) and IVCs (P = 0.046). However, images were still satisfactory for pre–liver transplantation (LT) vascular evaluation. In conclusion, in pre‐LT recipients with impaired renal function, IFIR MRA is a feasible and reproducible image modality.