bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adenoma Detection Rates by Physicians and Subsequent Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Pilonis Nastazja D. , Spychalski Piotr , Kalager Mette , Løberg Magnus , Wieszczy Paulina , Didkowska Joanna , Wojciechowska Urszula , Kobiela Jaroslaw , Regula Jaroslaw , Rösch Thomas , Bretthauer Michael , Kaminski Michal F.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Patients of physicians with higher adenoma detection rates (ADRs) during colonoscopy have lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk after screening colonoscopy (ie, postcolonoscopy CRC). Among physicians with an ADR above the recommended threshold, it is unknown whether improving ADR is associated with a lower incidence of CRC in their patients.

Objective

To determine the association of improved ADR in physicians with a range of ADR values at baseline with CRC incidence among their patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A total of 789 physicians in the Polish Colonoscopy Screening Program were studied between 2000 and 2017, with final follow-up on December 31, 2022. Joinpoint regression analyses were used to identify trends between changes in ADR and postcolonoscopy CRC incidence. Rates of CRC after colonoscopy were compared between physicians whose ADR improved and those without improvement. ADR improvement was defined as either an improvement by at least 1 ADR sextile category or remaining in the highest category.

Exposure

Physician ADR.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Association of improved ADR with postcolonoscopy CRC incidence.

Results

Of 485 615 patients (mean [SD] age, 57 [5.41] years; 60% female), 1873 CRC diagnoses and 474 CRC-related deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 10.2 years. Among individual physicians at baseline, median (IQR) ADR was 21.8% (15.9%-28.2%) and maximum ADR was 63.0%. Joinpoint regression showed a change in CRC incidence trends at an ADR level of 26%, corresponding to a CRC incidence of 27.1 per 100 000 person-years. Patients of physicians whose ADR was less than 26% at baseline and improved during follow-up had a postcolonoscopy CRC incidence of 31.8 (95% CI, 29.5-34.3) per 100 000 person-years, compared with 40.7 (95% CI, 37.8-43.8) per 100 000 person-years for patients of physicians with an ADR of less than 26% at baseline who did not improve during follow-up (difference, 8.9/100 000 person-years [95% CI, 5.06-12.74]; P < .001). Patients of physicians whose ADR was above 26% at baseline and improved during follow-up had a postcolonoscopy CRC incidence of 23.4 (95% CI, 18.4-29.8) per 100 000 person-years, compared with 22.5 (95% CI, 18.3-27.6) for patients of physicians whose ADR was above 26% at baseline and did not improve during follow-up (difference, 0.9/100 000 person-years [95% CI, −6.46 to 8.26]; P = .80).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this observational study, improved ADR over time was statistically significantly associated with lower CRC risk in patients who underwent colonoscopy compared with absence of ADR improvement, but only among patients whose physician had a baseline ADR of less than 26%.
Cannabidiol for Scan-Related Anxiety in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Nayak Manan M. , Chai Peter , Catalano Paul J. , Pirl William F. , Tulsky James A. , Tung Stephanie C. , Lin Nancy U. , Andrade Nicole , Johns Sabrina , Vaz Clint , Hughes Melissa , Braun Ilana M.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Early evidence from studies outside of oncology has suggested that cannabidiol (CBD) may have anxiolytic effects without neuropsychiatric risks. An understanding of oral CBD in patients with cancer-related anxiety is urgently needed.

Objective

To determine whether a single 400-mg oral dose of a US Food and Drug Administration–approved CBD improves clinical anxiety in an oncologic population.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This phase II, double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was performed at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute’s Breast Oncology Center from November 2, 2021, through March 1, 2023. Women aged 18 years or older with advanced breast cancer and baseline clinical anxiety were included.

Interventions

Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive oral CBD, 400 mg, vs placebo within 48 hours before a scan assessing tumor burden.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point was a between-arm comparison of change scores on the afraid subscale of the Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS) before and 2 to 4 hours after study drug ingestion. The VAMS scores were converted to T-scores to facilitate interpretation of mood change (>20 indicates a reliable change, >30 indicates both a reliable and clinically significant change). Exploratory outcomes included between-arm comparisons of anxiety levels 2 to 4 hours after study drug ingestion, between-arm comparisons of change scores on other VAMS subscales, and safety.

Results

Among the 50 participants, 25 were randomized to the placebo arm (mean [range] age, 57 [37-81] years) and 25 were randomized to the CBD arm (mean [range] age, 60 [30-79] years). The primary end point of VAMS afraid subscale change score, although numerically greater in the CBD arm, was not significantly different between arms (mean [SD]: CBD, −19.1 [15.4]; placebo, −15.0 [10.9]; P = .37). The secondary outcome directly comparing anxiety levels between arms 2 to 4 hours after study drug ingestion demonstrated significantly lower VAMS afraid T-scores for participants who received CBD compared with those receiving placebo (mean [SD]: CBD, 51.5 [12.8]; placebo, 58.0 [11.6]; P = .02). No grade 3 or 4 toxic effects were reported.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this randomized clinical trial show that CBD can be used safely in women with advanced breast cancer and clinical anxiety. Although the study did not meet its primary end point comparing preingestion vs postingestion anxiety change scores between study arms, anxiety levels in the CBD arm were significantly lower 2 to 4 hours after ingestion, suggesting a possible anxiolytic effect and warranting further investigation.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04482244
Conditional and Unconditional Social Transfers, Early-Life Nutrition, and Child Growth
Authors: Wallenborn Jordyn T. , Sonephet Souliviengkham , Sayasone Somphou , Siengsounthone Latsamy , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Fink Günther
Published: December 2024

Importance

Rates of exclusive breastfeeding are declining despite the numerous benefits to mothers and their children.

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of conditional and unconditional social transfers on exclusive breastfeeding rates and child growth.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This is a prospective, parallel, 3-armed randomized clinical trial conducted between August 2022 and October 2023. The trial was conducted in 4 districts of Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Mothers identified from a large birth cohort were randomized into 2 intervention groups (conditional social transfer or unconditional social transfer) or a control group at a ratio of 1:1:1. Data analysis was conducted from December 2023 to January 2024.

Interventions

Two interventions were tested: (1) conditional social transfer, in which the mother received the social transfer only if still exclusively breastfeeding at 6 months, and (2) unconditional social transfer, in which the mother received the social transfer at 6 months regardless of breastfeeding status. Mothers in the control group received educational material only.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the proportion of women exclusively breastfeeding at 6 months post partum. Secondary outcomes included exclusive breastfeeding duration (in months) and child growth (height, weight, and head circumference).

Results

A total of 298 mothers (mean [SD] age, 27.2 [6.5] years) were identified from a large birth cohort and randomized into a conditional social transfer group (n = 100), an unconditional social transfer group (n = 97), or a control group (n = 101). The adjusted odds ratio of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months post partum was 4.60 (95% CI, 2.10-10.07; P < .001) for the conditional social transfer group and 2.51 (95% CI, 1.11-5.66; P = .03) for the unconditional social transfer group compared with the control group. The risk of early exclusive breastfeeding cessation was lower for participants who received the unconditional social transfer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49-0.92; P = .02) or conditional social transfer (aHR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.44-0.83; P = .002) compared with participants in the control group. There were no significant differences between groups for child growth at 6 months post partum.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings suggest that social transfers can substantially improve exclusive breastfeeding rates at 6 months post partum, with particularly large benefits for conditional transfers. Continued evaluation at 1, 2, and 3 years post partum will be conducted to assess the long-term outcomes of social transfers on complementary breastfeeding and child health and development over time.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05665049
Antenna Compact Range
Authors: Kefauver William Neill , Samson Timothy
Published: December 2024

Compact ranges are a powerful tool to measure the performance of antennas accurately, efficiently, and with minimal facility investment. The term “compact” comes from the idea that an antenna can be measured without requiring an indoor or outdoor range that is large enough to meet the far‐field criteria. The far‐field criterion is 2
D
2
/
λ
, where
D
is the diameter of the sphere that encloses the antenna, and
λ
is the wavelength. The antenna compact range allows one to have a nearly fixed size quiet zone above the cutoff frequency of the optics. Otherwise, evaluation of antennas must use conventional far‐field equipment—positioners and receivers. This article covers the design concerns with this antenna facility including positioners, multipath, quiet zone, and polarization.
Power Amplifier Load‐Modulation Ratio
Authors: Hou Rui
Published: December 2024

Load modulation is a technique to enhance the energy efficiency of power amplifiers for non‐constant envelope signals. These types of signals are very often used for wireless communication systems. Most cellular base stations today employ Doherty power amplifiers, which utilize load modulation as the underlying mechanism.

The load‐modulation ratio quantifies how much the load impedance of a power amplifier varies during its operation. In principle, a higher load‐modulation ratio yields efficiency enhancement of a power amplifier at a lower‐power level from its peak capacity. In practice, this ratio needs to be designed carefully to optimize the performance of power amplifiers.
Eyewitness Decision Processes: A Valid Reflector Variable
Authors: Mansour Jamal K. , Beaudry Jennifer L. , Nguyen Mai‐Tram , Groncki Roy
Published: December 2024

Identification accuracy can be predicted from eyewitnesses' self‐reported decision processes but the evidence of their ability to improve prediction when confidence and response time are included is mixed and minimal. Typically, decision processes are measured via one or five self‐report questions; we explored whether a more nuanced questionnaire could improve prediction. Participants viewed a mock‐crime video, made a target‐present or ‐absent lineup decision, and completed 17 decision process items. An exploratory factor analysis on choosers' (n = 391) responses revealed three correlated factors, broadly reflecting automatic response, relative judgment, and absolute judgment. The three‐factor solution had good internal reliability (McDonald's ωs = 0.93, 0.89, and 0.74, respectively). Scores produced from the questions loading on the automatic response and relative judgment factors improved predictions of accuracy compared to using confidence and response time alone. Self‐reported decision processes may be an easy‐to‐administer and useful reflector of identification accuracy.
Surface Functionalized Zinc Composite Coatings: A Review
Authors: Awasthi Shikha , Palomero Blanca Prior , Srivastava Ankur , Selvaraj Sankar , Kumar Deepak , Pandey Sarvesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

Zinc has a successful history of being a protective coating on a wide range of objects and in many exposure settings due to its strong corrosion resistance in most environments. Because zinc may produce dense, adhering corrosion byproducts, it is resistant to corrosion. The industrial applications of zinc are extensive. Due to their excellent properties, zinc‐based coatings have garnered great attention in the modern world. The present study focuses on advances in surface modifications of zinc composite coatings through selective reinforcements. The study also includes a detailed description of recent experimental work conducted on zinc‐based coatings. Various coating techniques and their advantages and limitations have been discussed along with the relevant parameters. Zinc and its alloys have been suggested as viable options for biodegradable metals recently because of their acceptable biocompatibility and preferred corrosion behavior. The use of zinc‐based biodegradable materials in clinical applications like orthopedic and cardiovascular systems has also been discussed in detail. The current study also includes the latest developments in zinc‐based biodegradable metals and the related surface modification techniques. Future perspectives on zinc‐based alloys and their variety of applications have also been undertaken in the study.
Recent Progress in High‐Throughput On‐Chip Synthesis, Screening, and Data‐Driven Optimization: Toward an Electrocatalyst Chip for Catalysis Universe Exploration
Authors: Huang Zhongjie , Chen Zilong , Cheng Jiawen , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Shuyi , Chen Tingting , Zhang Xiaodan , Pang Huan
Published: December 2024

Throughout history, the quest for a “magic crystal ball” to predict the future and uncover the world's greatest innovations has captivated human imagination. For scientists, the dream of a compact chip brimming with data and wisdom is equally tantalizing. Despite the meteoric rise of artificial intelligence, the research paradigm for electrocatalysts has lagged, advancing at a surprisingly sluggish pace. This review aims to promote electrocatalyst informatics and revolutionize high‐performance material discovery by integrating advanced combinatorial on‐chip synthesis, high‐throughput screening, and machine learning‐powered analysis and optimization. The synergistic progress in these fields, envisioning a future where a minimized “electrocatalyst chip” can effortlessly navigate complex chemical spaces within a “data fablab” is critically examined. This innovative paradigm promises to accelerate the discovery of crucial materials, offering tangible solutions to pressing global challenges in energy, environmental sustainability, and technological advancement. This strategy is believed to hold great potential to transform the landscape of catalyst discovery and unleash a new wave of scientific breakthroughs.
Predicting Mechanical and Thermal Properties of High‐Entropy Ceramics via Transferable Machine‐Learning‐Potential‐Based Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Meng Hong , Zhu Zijie , Yu Hulei , Zhuang Lei , Chu Yanhui
Published: December 2024

The mechanical and thermal performance of high‐entropy ceramics are critical to their use in extreme conditions. However, the vast composition space of high‐entropy ceramics significantly hinders their development with desired mechanical and thermal properties. Herein, taking high‐entropy carbides (HECs) as the model, the efficiency and effectiveness of predicting mechanical and thermal properties via transferable machine‐learning‐potential‐based molecular dynamics (MD) have been demonstrated. Specifically, a transferable neuroevolution potential (NEP) with broad compositional applicability for HECs of ten transition metal elements from group IIIB‐VIB is efficiently constructed from the small dataset comprising unary and binary carbides with an equal amount of ergodic chemical compositions. Based on this well‐established transferable NEP, MD predictions on mechanical and thermal properties of different HECs have shown good agreement with the results of first‐principles calculations and experimental measurements, validating the accuracy, transferability, and reliability of using the transferable machine‐learning‐potential‐based MD simulations in investigating mechanical and thermal performance of HECs. This work provides a strategy to accelerate the search for high‐entropy ceramics with desirable mechanical and thermal properties.
Scalable Hybrid Films of Polyimide‐Animated Quantum Dots for High‐Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage Utilizing Quantum Confinement Effect
Authors: Zeng Tan , Meng Li , Cheng Long , Wang Rui , Ran Zhaoyu , Liu Dongduan , Fu Jing , He Jinliang , Zhou Qian , Li Qiao , Li Qi , Yuan Chao
Published: December 2024

The miniaturization trend of future electrical and electronic systems tender higher demands for high‐temperature resistant dielectric capacitors. The exponential increase in leakage current of dielectric polymers under high temperatures and strong electric fields is a pivotal bottleneck constraining the application of capacitors. Herein, a design is described where various animated quantum dots (A‐QDs), serving as crosslinkers, are introduced into the polyimide (PI) matrix to regulate the excitation and transport of carriers. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), it is demonstrated that the intrinsic quantum confinement effect of quantum dots (QDs) significantly enhances carrier immobilization. Moreover, the dynamic stability of the covalently bonded network at elevated temperatures has proven to be effective in reducing dielectric loss, while enhancing the electrical insulation properties of the hybrid films. Therefore, at 200 °C, the optimal hybrid film exhibits an exceptional discharged energy density of 5.8 J cm−3 with an efficiency exceeding 90%, surpassing the performance observed in the majority of other polymer nanocomposites. Collectively, these characteristics highlight the promising potential of incorporating A‐QDs as crosslinked points within the polymer matrix, thereby enhancing the applicability of dielectric polymers for high‐temperature applications.
5‐Fluorouracil Loaded Prebiotic–Probiotic Liposomes Modulating Gut Microbiota for Improving Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Sun Xujie , Shan Xiaoting , Zhu Binyu , Cai Ying , He Zongyan , Zhou Lingli , Yin Lixuan , Liu Yiran , Liu Kaiyue , Zhang Tian , Yang Ning , Li Yaping , Lang Tianqun
Published: December 2024

The gut microbiota exerts inhibitory effects on the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) through various mechanisms. Compared to traditional microbiota regulation methods, prebiotics and probiotics demonstrate significant advantages in terms of safety and patient adaptability. Their synergy not only improves the intestinal environment but also enhances the host's anti‐tumor immune response. 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is a first‐line chemotherapy drug that has a short half‐life and low bioavailability. However, if administered in an untargeted manner, 5‐FU also causes adverse reactions. Liposomes can improve the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs and provide targeted delivery to the tumor site, thereby reducing side effects. In this work, a 5‐FU‐loaded liposome is modified with the prebiotic xylan derivative Sxy and the probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila active phospholipid homolog 1,2‐dipalmitoylphosphatidy‐lethanolamine (DPPE) to construct FLSK. The latter effectively prolongs the intestinal transport and release of 5‐FU, maintaining high drug concentrations at the tumor site. FLSK is found to inhibit tumor growth and significantly extends the survival period of mice. In addition, FLSK promotes anti‐tumor immunity and regulation of the gut microbiota. Combining the merits of prebiotics and probiotics, FLSK provides a potential strategy for integrating chemotherapy with gut microbiota regulation therapy for the treatment of CRC.
Hierarchically Promoted Light Harvesting and Management in Photothermal Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Xu Bolin , Ganesan Muthusankar , Devi Ramadhass Keerthika , Ruan Xiaowen , Chen Weicheng , Lin Chun Che , Chang Huan‐Tsung , Lizundia Erlantz , An Alicia Kyoungjin , Ravi Sai Kishore
Published: December 2024

Solar steam generation (SSG) presents a promising approach to addressing the global water crisis. Central to SSG is solar photothermal conversion that requires efficient light harvesting and management. Hierarchical structures with multi‐scale light management are therefore crucial for SSG. At the molecular and sub‐nanoscale levels, materials are fine‐tuned for broadband light absorption. Advancing to the nano‐ and microscale, structures are tailored to enhance light harvesting through internal reflections, scattering, and diverse confinement effects. At the macroscopic level, light capture is optimized through rationally designed device geometries, configurations, and arrangements of solar absorber materials. While the performance of SSG relies on various factors including heat transport, physicochemical interactions at the water/air and material/water interfaces, salt dynamics, etc., efficient light capture and utilization holds a predominant role because sunlight is the sole energy source. This review focuses on the critical, yet often underestimated, role of hierarchical light harvesting/management at different dimensional scales in SSG. By correlating light management with the structure‐property relationships, the recent advances in SSG are discussed, shedding light on the current challenges and possible future trends and opportunities in this domain.
A Neuronal Signal Sorting and Amplifying Nanosensor for EEG‐Concordant Imaging‐Guided Precision Epilepsy Ablation
Authors: Wang Qiyue , Cui Sirui , Shi Dao , Tao Pan , Zhang Chencheng , Wang Fang , Lin Peihua , Li Fangyuan , Ling Daishun
Published: December 2024

Surgery remains an essential treatment for managing drug‐resistant focal epilepsy, but its accessibility and efficacy are limited in patients without distinct structural abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Potassium ion (K+), a critical marker for seizure‐associated neuronal signaling, shows significant promise for designing sensors targeting hidden epileptic foci. However, existing sensors cannot cross the blood‐brain barrier and lack the ability to specifically enrich and amplify K+ signals in the brain with high temporal and spatial resolution. Here, an intravenously administered neuronal signal sorting and amplifying nanosensor (NSAN) is reported that combines real‐time dynamic reversible K+ fluorescence imaging with high‐resolution structural MRI, enabling electroencephalogram‐concordant imaging of MRI‐negative epileptic foci. Guided by NSANs, minimally invasive surgery is successfully performed in both intrahippocampal kainic acid (KA) epilepsy model with foci confined to the ipsilateral hippocampus, and intraperitoneal KA model where foci are randomly distributed, resulting in sustained seizure control and cognitive improvement. These findings highlight the NSAN as a transformative tool for visualizing hidden epileptic foci, thereby broadening eligibility for minimally invasive and precision surgical intervention.
Advanced Ruthenium‐Based Electrocatalysts for NOx Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Yu Yong‐Zhi , Cheng Yu , Cheng Si , Wu Zhen‐Yu
Published: December 2024

Ammonia (NH3) is widely recognized as a crucial raw material for nitrogen‐based fertilizer production and eco‐friendly hydrogen‐rich fuels. Currently, the Haber–Bosch process still dominates the worldwide industrial NH3 production, which consumes substantial energy and contributes to enormous CO2 emission. As an alternative NH3 synthesis route, electrocatalytic reduction of NOx species (NO3−, NO2−, and NO) to NH3 has gained considerable attention due to its advantages such as flexibility, low power consumption, sustainability, and environmental friendliness. This review timely summarizes an updated and critical survey of mechanism, design, and application of Ru‐based electrocatalysts for NOx reduction. First, the reason why the Ru‐based catalysts are good choice for NOx reduction to NH3 is presented. Second, the reaction mechanism of NOx over Ru‐based materials is succinctly summarized. Third, several typical in situ characterization techniques, theoretical calculations, and kinetics analysis are examined. Subsequently, the construction of each classification of the Ru‐based electrocatalysts according to the size of particles and compositions is critically reviewed. Apart from these, examples are given on the applications in the production of valuable chemicals and Zn−NOx batteries. Finally, this review concludes with a summary highlighting the main practical challenges relevant to selectivity and efficiency in the broad range of NOx concentrations and the high currents, as well as the critical perspectives on the fronter of this exciting research area.
Ultra‐High Capacitive Energy Storage Density at 150 °C Achieved in Polyetherimide Composite Films by Filler and Structure Design
Authors: Guo Yan , Zhao Weichen , Li Da , Liu Jinnan , Qian Jin , Pang Lixia , Zhou Tao , Liu Wenfeng , Liu Zhaobo , Huang Houbing , Zhai Jiwei , Zhou Di
Published: December 2024

Polymer dielectrics are crucial for electronic communications and industrial applications due to their high breakdown field strength (Eb), fast charge/discharge speed, and temperature stability. The upcoming electronic‐electrical systems pose a significant challenge, necessitating polymeric dielectrics to exhibit exceptional thermal stability and energy storage capabilities at high temperatures. Here, ultra‐high dielectric constant (ɛr) and charge/discharge efficiency (η) of 0.55Bi0.5(Na0.84K0.16)0.5TiO3‐0.45(Bi0.1Sr0.85)TiO3 (BNKT‐BST) ceramics are prepared by the solid‐phase reaction method and added to polyetherimide (PEI) to form BNKT‐BST/PEI nanocomposites with various structures. The findings indicate that the sandwich‐structured BNKT‐BST/PEI nanocomposite achieves the highest discharged energy density (Ud) of 7.7 J cm−3 with η of 80.2% when the Eb is 650 MV m−1 at 150 °C. This is primarily due to the incorporation of BNKT‐BST nanoparticles and the multilayer structure design, which significantly improves the composite's ɛr and Eb. Additionally, the sandwich‐structured composites show excellent cycling stability at 500 MV m−1 and 150 °C, with Ud of ≈ 4.7 J cm−3 and η greater than 90%. The research presents nanocomposites with high energy storage density and excellent stability, crucial for the practical application of polymer dielectrics in high‐temperature environments.
3D Hollow MoS2 Architecture Enabled Highly Sensitive SERS Detection
Authors: Gao Chao , Yang Yi , Chen Huijie , Gao Xiaoqing , Zhang Xingxing , Song Zhiqian , Zhang Tianyang , Chen Kai , Wang Xiaohong , Han Yingdong
Published: December 2024

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology boasts merits of fingerprint recognition, a low detection limit, high sensitivity, and straightforward operation, and holds a significant position in the realm of molecular detection (even at the single‐molecule level). Recently, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), as a special SERS substrate, has demonstrated various advantages like high molecular compatibility and an anti‐fluorescence background, thus emerging as a promising non‐metal substrate. Nevertheless, so far, how to improve and achieve SERS effects comparable to metal substrates remains a challenge for MoS2 based substrates. Therefore, this work presents and acquires a 3D hollow structured MoS2, which can be achieved through a simple hydrothermal method. Fortunately, the substrate achieves a detection limit of 10−8 M and an enhancement factor of 106 for rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules, significantly improving the performance of the non‐noble‐metal MoS2 SERS. Theoretical analysis suggests that this should be attributed to the enhanced charge transfer between the substrate and probe molecules brought by the distinct monolayer self‐assembly and oxygen substitution in the 3D MoS2 architecture. The work provides a novel method to enhance the SERS performance of 2D materials, which is readily achievable and is expected to become a key cornerstone for the development of composite substrates.
Wide Color Gamut and Multi‐Band Color Filtration With MIM Structure Plasmonic Filters
Authors: Zhu Jun , Wu Zhongbo
Published: December 2024

Color filters are extensively utilized in various applications, including photovoltaic devices, printing, liquid crystal displays, image sensors, digital photography, projection systems, and other optical instruments. In this paper, an F‐P cavity structure based on an metal‐insulator‐metal (Ag‐ZnS‐Ag) structure is designed. By selecting specific materials and tuning structural parameters, strong coupling effects are formed through the interaction between the Fabry‐Pérot (FP) resonance in the intermediate dielectric cavity and the LSP resonance on the metal surface. This structure can generate a narrow‐band resonance peak within the visible light spectrum. By tuning the thickness of the dielectric cavity, color filtration across the 380–700 nm range can be dynamically obtained, enabling continuous multi‐band filtering within visible light. Within the visible light range, this structure, functioning as a filter, can achieve a transmission efficiency of up to 56% and a FWHM of 10–24 nm. Additionally, this structure can be used to design wide‐color gamut plasma filters for constructing RGB color spaces. When the ZnS thickness is 55 nm, it corresponds to the blue channel of the color space; at 75 nm, it corresponds to the green channel; and at 95 nm, it corresponds to the red channel. This color space can cover 100% of the sRGB color gamut and 99.946% of the Adobe RGB color gamut. In summary, this structure provides a new approach for designing simple, photolithography‐free plasma filters that enable multi‐band color filtration and exhibit a wide color gamut.
A Novel Multifunctional and Broadband Near‐Infrared Phosphor, Lu3MgGa3GeO12:Cr3+, Yb3+, Nd3+ Achieved through a Chemical Unit Substitution and Energy Transfer Strategy
Authors: Xie Xin , Ge Wanyin , Zhang Qian , Tian Ye , Luo Zili , Shang Shifan , Liu Jianke , Cao Wenbin
Published: December 2024

Cr3+‐doped near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors have attracted significant attention in recent years. Despite this, achieving high‐performance NIR phosphors with broadband emission and excellent thermal stability remains a considerable challenge. This study presents Lu3Ga5O12:Cr3+, which demonstrates a tunable emission peak ranging from 705 to 759 nm and an increased full‐width at half‐peak maximum (FWHM) from 46 to 139 nm by substituting the [Mg2+‐Ge4+] chemical unit for the [Ga3+‐Ga3+] unit. Additionally, in Lu3MgGa3GeO12:Cr3+, Yb3+, an energy transfer channel (Cr3+‐Yb3+) is constructed. Under blue light excitation, the characteristic emission peaks of Cr3+ (600–900 nm) and Yb3+ (900–1100 nm) are observed simultaneously. However, the emission band between 850 and 900 nm is relatively weak, resulting in a discontinuous emission spectrum. To address this, Lu3MgGa3GeO12:Cr3+, Yb3+, Nd3+ phosphors are proposed, which exhibit a continuous broadband NIR emission with a FWHM of 253 nm and internal quantum efficiency of 47.3%. The luminescence intensity retains 81% of its room temperature value even at 423 K. Combining this new phosphor with a blue LED chip results in a portable NIR light source with potential applications in non‐destructive detection, information encryption, bio‐imaging, and NIR remote control. This work offers a novel perspective for developing high‐performance NIR phosphors.
Hexabenzoperylene‐Cored Double Thiahelicenes with Strong Luminescence
Authors: Ma Yuying , Zhou Long , Tan Jingyun , Sun Wang , Zou Yingping , Hu Yunbin
Published: December 2024

Thiahelicenes, an important subclass of helicenes, are renowned for their pronounced chiroptical properties, particularly circular dichroism. However, the exploration of their circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has been hindered due to their inherently weak fluorescence, leaving a critical gap in the development of thiahelicenes as efficient CPL emitters. To address this limitation, a novel strategy for enhancing the luminescence of thiahelicenes by integrating thiophene‐containing units with a highly emissive hexabenzoperylene (HBP) core is presented. Two isomeric HBP‐cored double thiahelicenes are synthesized, which serve as proof of concept. These molecules exhibit exceptionally high fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF = 83% and 91%), surpassing all previously reported thiahelicenes. Furthermore, their luminescence dissymmetry factors show a four‐fold enhancement compared to the parent HBP, resulting in a remarkable CPL brightness of up to 84.9 M−1 cm−1. These findings not only address the fluorescence limitation of thiahelicenes but also establish a new pathway for developing high‐performance CPL materials.
Highly Efficient Green Multi‐Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters with Suppression of Concentration Quenching
Authors: Wan Liang , Cheng Zhuang , Ma Xiaobo , Ge Shuyuan , Hu Yin , Wang Yaxue , Xu Yangze , Liu Futong , Lu Ping
Published: December 2024

High‐efficiency multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters with narrowband emission show great potential for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, their inherent planar rigid structures often lead to intractable challenges of spectral broadening, self‐quenching, and low device efficiency at high dopant concentrations. Herein, two steric isomers, BN‐1TPh and BN‐2TPh, are designed by incorporating bulky shielding unit (1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene) at the para‐position of the B atom in the MR skeleton to hinder intermolecular interactions. They both show enhanced photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) as compared with the model compound BCzBN. The corresponding OLEDs based on BN‐1TPh and BN‐2TPh display the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) values of up to 30.8% and 30.4% with narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) bands of 27 and 28 nm, respectively. It is worth noting that even at the high doping ratio of 20%, the EQEs are still maintained 24.8% and 25.7% with almost unchanged emission spectra. These results show that segregating the planar MR‐TADF skeleton with spatial shielding structure can weaken the intermolecular interaction, which is one of the effective ways to resist the aggregation‐caused quenching effect and achieve high‐efficiency concentration‐indispensible MR‐TADF OLEDs.
Solar Cells Manufactured Using Concentrated Solar Energy Toward Carbon Neutralization
Authors: Liu Shuang , Huang Jiajia , Tu Liang , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Jing , Zhu Yuejin , Huang Like
Published: December 2024

The high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells and their environmentally friendly, low‐carbon manufacturing processes are crucial for advancing carbon neutrality goals. This study introduces Fresnel lenses to focus sunlight for the sintering of mesoporous titanium dioxide (m‐TiO2) layers as an innovative method for fabricating perovskite solar cells (PSCs), effectively circumventing the energy‐intensive and carbon‐emitting high‐temperature furnace sintering traditionally required. Through this concentrated solar annealing technique, an efficient and eco‐friendly sintering of the m‐TiO2 layer is successfully achieved by removing organic residues from the precursor film and enhancing the film's transmittance, electrical conductivity, and grain size. Consequently, this has led to improved coverage of the perovskite layer and enhanced overall photovoltaic performance of the solar cells. Experimental results indicate that the m‐TiO2 film subjected to 60 min of concentrated sunlight sintering (CSS) demonstrates optimal photovoltaic performance, with the fabricated compact‐layer‐free PSCs achieving an impressive photoelectric conversion efficiency of up to 17.69%. This research not only offers a novel, cost‐effective approach for the sustainable production of PSCs but also contributes tangible solutions for the green transformation of the photovoltaic industry and the achievement of carbon neutrality. This work points the way toward using solar energy to prepare solar power generation devices.
Ultrasound‐Activated Precise Sono‐Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer with Reduced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Li Xiang , He Gao , Jin Hui , Xiang Xinyu , Li Dong , Peng Renmiao , Tao Jing , Li Xinping , Wang Kaiyang , Luo Yu , Liu Xiaoan
Published: December 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated remarkable efficacy across various cancer types. However, immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) pose a significant challenge in immunotherapy, particularly the associated pneumonia as the primary adverse reaction, which can lead to irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, monotherapy with programmed death ligand (PD‐L1) inhibitors has shown limited effectiveness. Therefore, to improve the response rate of immunotherapy and reduce pulmonary fibrosis, this study designed and prepared an intelligent nanodrug based on dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) loaded with a sono‐sensitive agent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Additionally, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive linker is used to attach the immunotherapeutic drug PD‐L1 inhibitor (aPD‐L1) to DMSNs via covalent bonds. The external ultrasound (US) activates PpIX to generate ROS, which breaks the linker to release aPD‐L1 to induce sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and immunotherapy. This sono‐immnotherapy approach demonstrated excellent outcomes in tumor inhibition, eliciting immune responses, and reducing pulmonary fibrosis. Overall, this study offers a new, efficient, and safe method for breast cancer treatment, and expands the application of immunotherapy.
Reinterpretation of Report of Tetrataenite in Bulk Alloy Castings
Authors: Houghton Owain S. , Loudon James C. , Twitchett‐Harrison Alison C. , Panagiotopoulos Nikolaos T. , Lampronti Giulio I. , Costa Miguel B. , Harrison Richard J. , Greer A. Lindsay
Published: December 2024

After the publication of “Direct formation of hard‐magnetic tetrataenite in bulk alloy castings” Ivanov et al., Advanced Science 10 (2022) 2204315, the authors identified a potential misinterpretation of the experimental data. Further work confirms that the original conclusions cannot be supported, and accordingly the paper is retracted. X‐ray diffraction shows the presence of (Fe,Ni)3P, giving additional Bragg peaks that were previously attributed to tetrataenite. Extra Bragg reflections observed in transmission electron diffraction, and earlier considered to be superlattice reflections from tetrataenite, instead result from oxidation of the sample surface during preparation. Measurements of magnetic hysteresis show no regions of high coercivity of the kind expected when tetrataenite is present. It is concluded that as‐cast bulk samples of Fe‐Ni‐P‐(C) show no evidence of tetrataenite on any length scale. Nevertheless, the addition of phosphorus should remain of interest in ongoing efforts to manufacture tetrataenite.
Probe‐Based Mechanical Data Storage on Polymers Made by Inverse Vulcanization
Authors: Mann Abigail K. , Tonkin Samuel J. , Sharma Pankaj , Gibson Christopher T. , Chalker Justin M.
Published: December 2024

Big data and artificial intelligence are driving increasing demand for high‐density data storage. Probe‐based data storage, such as mechanical storage using an atomic force microscope tip, is a potential solution with storage densities exceeding hard disks. However, the storage medium must be modifiable on the nanoscale. While polymers are promising storage media, they face challenges with synthesis, erasing temperatures, and stability. Here, a low‐cost and robust polymer system is reported that allows repeated writing, reading and erasing. The polymer is made by inverse vulcanization, providing a network of S─S bonds that can be broken and re‐formed repeatedly. This property is leveraged in mechanical indentation to encode information, and thermal S─S metathesis and polymer re‐flow to erase. Exquisite control of indentation depth is possible over 1–30 nm. This control enables data encoding not just as a function of the presence or absence of an indent, but also indentation depth. This ternary coding increases the data density four‐fold over binary coding. Furthermore, the coding can be done at room temperature which is rare for mechanical information storage. The low cost, ease of synthesis, and dynamic S─S bonds in these polymers are a promising advance in polymer storage media for probe‐based data storage.
High‐Performance Pure Water‐Fed Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis with Patterned Membrane via Mechanical Stress and Hydration‐Mediated Patterning Technique
Authors: Lee Yeonjae , Kim Sungjun , Shin Yoseph , Shin Yeram , Shin Seongmin , Lee Sanghyeok , So Minseop , Kim Tae‐Ho , Park Sehkyu , Lee Jang Yong , Jang Segeun
Published: December 2024

Despite rapid advancements in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) technology, achieving pure water‐fed AEMWE remains critical for system simplification and cost reduction. Under pure water‐fed conditions, electrochemical reactions occur solely at active sites connected to ionic networks. This study introduces an eco‐friendly patterning technique leveraging membrane swelling properties by applying mechanical stress during dehydration under fixed constraints. The method increases active sites by creating additional hydroxide ion pathways at the membrane‐electrode interface, eliminating the need for additional ionomers in the electrode. This innovation facilitates ion conduction via locally shortened pathways. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with patterned commercial membranes demonstrated significantly improved performance and durability compared to MEAs with conventional catalyst‐coated substrates and flat membranes under pure water‐fed conditions. The universal applicability of this technique was confirmed using in‐house fabricated anion exchange membranes, achieving exceptional current densities of 13.7 A cm−2 at 2.0 V in 1.0 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 2.8 A cm−2 at 2.0 V in pure water at 60 °C. Furthermore, the scalability of the technique was demonstrated through successful fabrication and operation of large‐area cells. These findings highlight the potential of this patterning method to advance AEMWE technology, enabling practical applications under pure water‐fed conditions.
Arginine‐Loaded Nano‐Calcium‐Phosphate‐Stabilized Lipiodol Pickering Emulsions Potentiates Transarterial Embolization‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Duo , Zhang Lei , Yang Wei‐Hao , Zhang Lin‐Zhu , Yu Chao , Qin Juan , Feng Liang‐Zhu , Liu Zhuang , Teng Gao‐Jun
Published: December 2024

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) continues to stand as a primary option for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the increased tumor hypoxia and acidification will lead to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) featuring exhausted T cells, limiting the effectiveness of subsequent therapies following TACE. Herein, a stable water‐in‐oil lipiodol Pickering emulsion by employing calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP NPs) as stabilizers is developed and used to encapsulate L‐arginine (L‐Arg), which is known for its ability to modulate T‐cell metabolism. The obtained L‐Arg‐loaded CaP‐stabilized lipiodol Pickering emulsion (L‐Arg@CaPL) with great emulsion stability can not only neutralize the tumor acidity via reaction of CaP NPs with protons but also enable the release of L‐Arg, thereby synergistically promoting the reinvigoration of exhausted CD8+ T cells and effectively reversing tumor immunosuppression. As a result, TACE therapy with L‐Arg@CaPL shows greatly improved therapeutic responses as demonstrated in an orthotopic liver tumor model in rats. This study highlights an effective yet simple nanoparticle‐stabilized Pickering emulsion strategy to promote TACE therapy via modulation of the immunosuppressive TME, presenting great potential for clinical translation.
Constructing Quasi‐Localized High‐Concentration Solvation Structures to Stabilize Battery Interfaces in Nonflammable Phosphate‐Based Electrolyte
Authors: Shi Chenyang , Wang Mengran , Tehrani Zari , Hong Bo , Wang Mengnan , Tan Rui , Margadonna Serena , Lai Yanqing , Titirici Maria Magdalena
Published: December 2024

Flame‐retardant phosphate‐based electrolytes effectively enhance lithium‐ion battery safety but suffer from poor compatibility with graphite anodes and high‐voltage cathodes, hindering scalability. Fluorinated phosphates, though widely used, increase interfacial resistance at the anode, degrading performance. In this work, carbonate solvents with strong polarity are introduced to prevent tris(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFEP) from participating in the solvation structure of lithium ions. This strategy forms a quasi‐localized high‐concentration solvation structure, thereby restricting the reduction of TFEP and its impact on the graphite anode. The LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NCM811) | Graphite (Gr) pouch cell with optimized electrolyte exhibits a capacity retention rate of 80.1% after 370 cycles at 0.5C, which is much more stable than the electrolyte with TFEP‐involved solvation structure (capacity retention rate: 47.1% after 300 cycles). The corresponding pouch cell with cut‐off voltage to 4.5 V exhibits a capacity retention rate of 82.8% after 125 cycles, significantly outperforming cells employing commercial carbonate electrolytes (capacity retention rate: 56.9% after 125 cycles). Thus, the developed quasi‐localized high‐concentration solvation structure can effectively stabilize the electrode interface, greatly enhancing the cycling performance of phosphate‐based flame‐retardant electrolytes.