bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of peri‐implant keratinized mucosa width on the long‐term reconstructive outcomes of peri‐implantitis: A retrospective analysis with a follow‐up up to 10 years
Authors: Isler Sila Cagri , Soysal Fatma , Tunc Seher , Kaymaz Özlem , Unsal Berrin , Roccuzzo Andrea
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To investigate the effect of mid‐buccal peri‐implant keratinized mucosa width (KMW) ≥2 mm or peri‐implant KMW >0 mm and <2 mm on the long‐term outcomes of peri‐implantitis reconstructive treatment.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐nine patients (40 implants; mean follow‐up: 9.2 ± 1.4 years) with at least one implant affected by peri‐implantitis and surgically treated through a reconstructive procedure followed by a submerged healing were included. Patients were categorized according to their initial KMW: Group 1 (KMW ≥2 mm) and Group 2 (KMW >0 mm and <2 mm). Peri‐implant clinical and radiographic parameters and a dedicated composite outcome were assessed at different follow‐up visits during supportive peri‐implant therapy for up to 10 years. Regression analyses were utilized to identify possible risk/predictive indicators for probing pocket depth (PPD) change and treatment success at the latest follow‐up.

Results

The mean PPD did not exhibit any statistical difference from the baseline to the latest follow‐up between the groups at both patient and implant levels. Long‐term treatment success was 46.6% (Group 1) and 42.6% (Group 2) at patient level, it was 42.8% (Group 1) and 33.3% (Group 2), respectively, at implant level (p > 0.05). Group 1 demonstrated significantly higher vertical defect depth reduction than Group 2 (p = 0.018). Presence of buccal bony wall and mean PPD at the baseline were found to be associated with mean PPD change, while KMW at 6 months following surgery was identified as the only significant indicator for treatment success (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Implants with KMW ≥2 mm did not present significantly better long‐term clinical outcomes following reconstructive therapy than those exhibiting KMW >0 mm and <2 mm. However, KMW values at the end of healing phase following a submerged approach had a significant impact on long‐term treatment success.
Conservation and human rights: The public commitments of international conservation organizations
Authors: Ford‐Learner Nicholas , Addison Jane , Smallhorn‐West Patrick
Published: June 2024

To ensure the protection of both people and nature, conservation practitioners have a responsibility to integrate human rights considerations into their conservation policies and practices. Here, we (i) develop a human rights‐based scoring framework for international conservation organization (NGO) policy commitments and (ii) use this to conduct a gap analysis of policy commitments for nine NGOs, which collectively contribute approximately $1.86 billion USD annually to the global conservation budget. While progress has been made, critical gaps remain in commitments to certain rights and recognizing local groups' rights and knowledge, particularly around social development and decent work, recognitional equity, and commitments to implement human rights‐based approach principles. Given the influence of these organizations in global public discourse, more comprehensive public commitments to human rights will likely increase compliance with international law, drive organizational change, and help rebuild trust with vulnerable communities.
A first‐in‐human, single and multiple dose study of lunsekimig, a novel anti‐TSLP/anti‐IL‐13 NANOBODY® compound, in healthy volunteers
Authors: Deiteren Annemie , Bontinck Lieselot , Conickx Griet , Vigan Marie , Dervaux Nele , Gassiot Matthieu , Bas Selcuk , Suratt Benjamin , Staudinger Heribert , Krupka Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

Lunsekimig is a novel, bispecific NANOBODY® molecule that inhibits both thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin (IL)‐13, two key mediators of asthma pathophysiology. In this first‐in‐human study, we evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and immunogenicity of lunsekimig in healthy adult participants. Participants received single ascending doses (SAD) of lunsekimig (10–400 mg intravenous [IV] or 400 mg subcutaneous [SC]) (SAD part) or multiple ascending doses (MAD part) of lunsekimig (100 or 200 mg, every 2 weeks [Q2W] for three SC doses), or placebo. Overall, 48 participants were randomized 3:1 in the SAD part and 4:1 in the MAD part for lunsekimig or placebo. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. The secondary endpoints included PK, antidrug antibodies (ADAs) and total target measurement. Lunsekimig was well tolerated and common treatment‐emergent adverse events were COVID‐19, nasopharyngitis, injection site reactions, and headache. Lunsekimig showed dose‐proportional increases in exposure and linear elimination. Mean t1/2z of lunsekimig was around 10 days across all IV and SC doses of the SAD and MAD parts of the study. Increases in the serum concentration of total TSLP and IL‐13 for lunsekimig versus placebo indicated target engagement. ADA of low titers were detected in four (11.1%) participants who received lunsekimig in the SAD, and seven (43.8%) in the MAD. In conclusion, lunsekimig was well tolerated in healthy participants with a linear PK profile up to single 400 mg IV and SC dose and multiple doses of 100 and 200 mg SC Q2W, with low immunogenicity.
1094. Codonopsis clematidea (Schrenk) C.B.Clarke: Campanulaceae
Authors: Moore Richard , Langhorne Joanna
Published: June 2024

Codonopsis clematidea (Schrenk) C.B.Clarke is illustrated here as Plate 1094; its taxonomic history, nomenclature, medicinal properties and notes on its successful cultivation are discussed.
Participation in Special Olympics reduces the rate for developing diabetes in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Lloyd Meghann , Temple Viviene A. , Foley John T. , Yeatman Sharyn , Lunsky Yona , Huang Anjie , Balogh Robert
Published: June 2024

Aim

Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have a significantly higher prevalence of Type 2 diabetes than the general population. Evidence that lifestyle and/or behavioural interventions, such as participation in Special Olympics, decreases the risk of developing diabetes in adults with IDD could help minimize health disparities and promote overall health in this population.

Methods

This was a 20‐year retrospective cohort study of adults with IDD (30–39 years) in the province of Ontario, Canada, that compared hazard rates of diabetes among Special Olympics participants (n = 4145) to non‐participants (n = 31,009) using administrative health databases housed at ICES. Using cox proportional hazard models, crude and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated for the association between the primary independent variable (Special Olympics participation status) and the dependent variable (incident diabetes cases).

Results

After controlling for other variables, the hazard ratio comparing rates for developing diabetes between Special Olympics participants and non‐participants was 0.85. This represents a 15% reduction in the hazard among Special Olympics participants when followed for up to 20 years. This result was statistically significant and represents a small effect size.

Conclusions

Special Olympics could be considered a complex intervention that promotes physical activity engagement through sport participation, health screenings, and the promotion of healthy eating habits through educational initiatives. This study provides evidence that Special Olympics participation decreases the rate for developing diabetes.
Plant functional group interactions intensify with warming in alpine grasslands
Authors: Jaroszynska Francesca , Lie Olsen Siri , Gya Ragnhild , Klanderud Kari , Telford Richard , Vandvik Vigdis
Published: June 2024

Plant–plant interactions regulate plant community structure and function. Shifts in these interactions due to global climate change, mediated through disproportional increases of certain species or functional groups, may strongly affect plant community properties. Still, we lack knowledge of community‐level effects of climate‐driven changes in biotic interactions. We examined plant community interactions by experimentally removing a dominant functional group, graminoids, in semi‐natural grasslands in Southern Norway. To test whether the effect of graminoid removal varied with climate, the experiment was replicated across broad‐scale temperature and precipitation gradients. To quantify community‐level interactions across sites, we tested for changes in the remaining vascular community (i.e. forbs) cover, richness, evenness, and functional traits reflecting leaf‐economic investment and plant size over five years. The effect of graminoid removal on forb community structure and functioning varied over time, and along the climate gradients. Forb cover increased in response to graminoid removal, especially at warmer sites. Species richness increased following removal irrespective of climate, whilst evenness increased under warmer and wetter conditions irrespective of removal. No climate or removal effect was found for species turnover. Functional trait responses varied along the precipitation gradient – compared to controls, forb mean SLA decreased in drier conditions after graminoid removal. Leaf thickness increased under cooler and drier conditions irrespective of removal. These community structure alterations demonstrate stronger competitive interactions between forbs and graminoids under warmer conditions, whilst functional trait responses indicate a facilitative effect of graminoids under drier conditions. This indicates that both competition and facilitation regulate plant communities, suggesting complexity when scaling from populations to communities. Finally, both temperature and precipitation determine the direction and intensity of biotic interactions, with ecosystem‐wide implications for forb persistence and ecosystem functioning under future climates. Further work is needed to generalise the role of changing interactions in mediating community responses to climate change.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor impairs circadian regulation in Alzheimer's disease: Potential impact on glymphatic system dysfunction
Authors: Salminen Antero
Published: June 2024

Circadian clocks maintain diurnal rhythms of sleep–wake cycle of 24 h that regulate not only the metabolism of an organism but also many other periodical processes. There is substantial evidence that circadian regulation is impaired in Alzheimer's disease. Circadian clocks regulate many properties known to be disturbed in Alzheimer's patients, such as the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) as well as the diurnal glymphatic flow that controls waste clearance from the brain. Interestingly, an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, that is, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), impairs the function of the core clock proteins and thus could disturb diurnal rhythmicity in the BBB. There is abundant evidence that the activation of AhR signalling inhibits the expression of the major core clock proteins, such as the brain and muscle arnt‐like 1 (BMAL1), clock circadian regulator (CLOCK) and period circadian regulator 1 (PER1) in different experimental models. The expression of AhR is robustly increased in the brains of Alzheimer's patients, and protein level is enriched in astrocytes of the BBB. It seems that AhR signalling inhibits glymphatic flow since it is known that (i) activation of AhR impairs the function of the BBB, which is cooperatively interconnected with the glymphatic system in the brain, and (ii) neuroinflammation and dysbiosis of gut microbiota generate potent activators of AhR, which are able to impair glymphatic flow. I will examine current evidence indicating that activation of AhR signalling could disturb circadian functions of the BBB and impair glymphatic flow and thus be involved in the development of Alzheimer's pathology.
Dominance of African racial ancestry in honey bee colonies of Mexico 30 years after the migration of hybrids from South America
Authors: Aguilar‐Aguilar María de Jesús , Lobo Jorge , Cristóbal‐Pérez E. Jacob , Balvino‐Olvera Francisco J. , Ruiz‐Guzmán Gloria , Quezada‐Euán José Javier G. , Quesada Mauricio
Published: June 2024

The Africanized honey bee, a hybrid of Apis mellifera scutellata from Africa with European subspecies, has been considered an invasive species and a problem for beekeeping. Africanized bees arrived in Mexico in 1986, 30 years after their accidental release in Brazil. Although government programs were implemented for its eradication, Africanized populations persist in Mexico, but precise information on the patterns of genetic introgression and racial ancestry is scarce. We determined maternal and parental racial ancestry of managed and feral honey bees across the five beekeeping regions of Mexico, using mitochondrial (mtDNA, COI‐COII intergenic region) and nuclear markers (94 ancestrally informative SNPs), to assess the relationship between beekeeping management, beekeeping region, altitude, and latitude with the distribution of maternal and parental racial ancestry. Results revealed a predominantly African ancestry in the Mexican honey bees, but the proportion varied according to management, beekeeping regions, and latitude. The Mexican honey bees showed 31 haplotypes of four evolutionary lineages (A, M, C, and O). Managed honey bees had mitochondrial and nuclear higher proportions of European ancestry than feral honey bees, which had a higher proportion of African ancestry. Beekeeping regions of lower latitudes had higher proportions of African nuclear ancestry. Managed and feral honey bees showed differences in the proportion of maternal and nuclear racial ancestry. Managed honey bees from the Yucatan Peninsula and feral honey bees had a higher mtDNA than nuclear proportions of African ancestry. Managed honey bees, except those on the Yucatan Peninsula, had a higher nuclear than mtDNA proportion of African ancestry. Our study demonstrates that Africanized honey bee populations are genetically diverse and well established in Mexico, which highlights the limitations of management and government programs to contain the Africanization process and demands the incorporation of this lineage in any breeding program for sustainable beekeeping.
Marine predators optimization with deep learning model for video‐based facial expression recognition
Authors: Prasad Mal Hari , Swarnalatha P.
Published: June 2024

Video‐based facial expression recognition (VFER) technique intends to categorize an input video into different kinds of emotions. It remains a challenging issue because of the gap between visual features and emotions, problems in handling the delicate movement of muscles, and restricted datasets. One of the effective solutions to solve this problem is the exploitation of efficient features defining facial expressions to carry out FER. Generally, the VFER find useful in several areas like unmanned driving, venue management, urban safety management, and senseless attendance. Recent advances in computer vision and deep learning (DL) techniques enable the design of automated VFER models. In this aspect, this study establishes a new Marine Predators Optimization with Deep Learning Model for Video‐based Facial Expression Recognition (MPODL‐VFER) technique. The presented MPODL‐VFER technique mainly aims to classify different kinds of facial emotions in the video. To accomplish this, the presented MPODL‐VFER technique derives features using the deep convolutional neural network based densely connected network (DenseNet) model. The presented MPODL‐VFER technique employs MPO technique for the hyperparameter adjustment of the DenseNet model. Finally, Elman Neural Network (ENN) model is exploited for emotion recognition purposes. For assuring the enhanced recognition performance of the MPODL‐VFER approach, a comparison study was developed on benchmark dataset. The comprehensive results have shown the significant outcome of MPODL‐VFER model over other approaches.
Rethinking utility in divorce education: Use of multi‐program evaluation data to uncover markers of post‐divorce adjustment
Authors: Ferraro Anthony J. , Wilkins‐Clark Renée E. , Beckmeyer Jonathon J. , Russell Luke T. , Brimhall Andrew S. , Markham Melinda Stafford
Published: June 2024

For children in the United States, family instability following parental relationship dissolution is common and efforts to promote effective post‐divorce co‐parenting arrangements have grown substantially in recent decades. To help families navigate transitions through the divorce process, most states require divorcing parents to complete divorce education programming. In the present study we used pre‐post data from three divorce education programs (n = 1026 parents) to explore programmatic effects on self‐reported adjustment, intentions to co‐parent, and likelihood to relitigate, and attempt to determine mechanisms that may account for or explain those programmatic effects. Overall, we found support that these programs are able to impact perceived adjustment and co‐parenting intentions. Specifically, we documented small, but significant, increases in perceived adjustment and that post‐program adjustment was associated with greater intentions to engage in supportive co‐parenting with former spouses. Further, co‐parenting intentions were shaped by how useful parents found the programs with greater perceived utility being associated with more positive co‐parenting intentions. The relitigation outcomes, however, were not associated with post‐program adjustment or perceived program utility. Instead, they were primarily associated with pre‐program experiences such as the quality of co‐parenting prior to the program and whether an order of protection was present between co‐parents.
Hurricanes enhance coral connectivity but also superspread coral diseases
Authors: Dobbelaere Thomas , Dekens Apolline , Saint‐Amand Antoine , Alaerts Lauranne , Holstein Daniel M. , Hanert Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

Climate change poses an existential threat to coral reefs. A warmer and more acidic ocean weakens coral ecosystems and increases the intensity of hurricanes. The wind–wave–current interactions during a hurricane deeply change the ocean circulation patterns and hence potentially affect the dispersal of coral larvae and coral disease agents. Here, we modeled the impact of major hurricane Irma (September 2017) on coral larval and stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) connectivity in Florida's Coral Reef. We coupled high‐resolution coastal ocean circulation and wave models to simulate the dispersal of virtual coral larvae and disease agents between thousands of reefs. While being a brief event, our results suggest the passage of hurricane Irma strongly increased the probability of long‐distance exchanges while reducing larval supply. It created new connections that could promote coral resilience but also probably accelerated the spread of SCTLD by about a month. As they become more intense, hurricanes' double‐edged effect will become increasingly pronounced, contributing to increased variability in transport patterns and an accelerated rate of change within coral reef ecosystems.
Mutational analysis of Mei5, a subunit of Mei5‐Sae3 complex, in Dmc1‐mediated recombination during yeast meiosis
Authors: Mwaniki Stephen , Sawant Priyanka , Osemwenkhae Osaretin P. , Fujita Yurika , Ito Masaru , Furukohri Asako , Shinohara Akira
Published: June 2024

Interhomolog recombination in meiosis is mediated by the Dmc1 recombinase. The Mei5‐Sae3 complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae promotes Dmc1 assembly and functions with Dmc1 for homology‐mediated repair of meiotic DNA double‐strand breaks. How Mei5‐Sae3 facilitates Dmc1 assembly remains poorly understood. In this study, we created and characterized several mei5 mutants featuring the amino acid substitutions of basic residues. We found that Arg97 of Mei5, conserved in its ortholog, SFR1 (complex with SWI5), RAD51 mediator, in humans and other organisms, is critical for complex formation with Sae3 for Dmc1 assembly. Moreover, the substitution of either Arg117 or Lys133 with Ala in Mei5 resulted in the production of a C‐terminal truncated Mei5 protein during yeast meiosis. Notably, the shorter Mei5‐R117A protein was observed in meiotic cells but not in mitotic cells when expressed, suggesting a unique regulation of Dmc1‐mediated recombination by posttranslational processing of Mei5‐Sae3.
Estimation of Effective Fracture Aperture in Glacial Tills by Analysis of Dye Tracer Penetration
Authors: Ouf Mariam , Jørgensen Peter R. , Mosthaf Klaus , Rolle Massimo
Published: June 2024

This study advances a methodology to estimate effective apertures of fractures in glacial tills based on dye tracer infiltration tests and numerical simulations. The approach uses the visible penetration depth of the dye tracer along fracture flow paths as primary information to calculate effective fracture apertures. Further data used in the calculation are the dye tracer input concentration and retardation, the duration of the tracer injection, and the hydraulic gradient applied to control the infiltrating water fluxes. The method does not require measurement of hydraulic conductivity for the fractured till and enables direct observation of flow and transport patterns within the fractures (e.g., uniform flow and dye tracer distribution, channeling due to aperture variability, and presence of biogenic macropores in fractures). The approach was successfully verified by using the estimated effective fracture aperture values in Large Undisturbed Columns (LUCs) to consistently simulate both the observed LUC effluent breakthrough of a conservative bromide tracer and the water fluxes with the hydraulic gradient applied in the experiments. Sensitivity analyses revealed that estimation of small effective fracture apertures (<10 μm) required accurate determination of the dye tracer retardation factor. By contrast, in the case of larger effective apertures (>20 μm), the sensitivity of the estimated effective fracture aperture to variations in the porous material and solute transport parameters was low compared to the dominant sensitivity to the water flow through the fractures (cubic relation between flow and aperture). The proposed approach may be extended beyond laboratory applications and assist in characterizing field‐scale fracture networks.
Identifying hemophilia B carriers: Utility of aPTT, factor IX levels and ratios of factor IX to other Vitamin K dependent factors
Authors: Shu Michael , Malcolmson Caroline , Bosch Alessandra , Markovic Teodora , Wakefield Cindy , Bouskill Vanessa , Carcao Manuel
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Diagnosing hemophilia B (HB) carrier status is important to manage bleeding in carriers and to prevent bleeding in potential offspring. Without a family history of hemophilia, diagnosing HB carrier status is challenging. Genetic testing is the gold‐standard, however it is reserved for individuals with a high suspicion of carrier status.

Aims

To describe the distribution of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and factor IX coagulant (FIX:C) levels in HB carriers and assess the ratio of FIX:C to other Vitamin K dependent factors (FII:C, FVII:C, FX:C) as an indicator of HB carrier status.

Methods

In this retrospective, single‐centre cohort study, subjects were included if they were obligate or genetically proven HB carriers. Distributions of aPTT and FIX:C were described and the relationship between FIX:C levels in carriers and severity of familial HB was analysed. Ratios of FIX:C to FII:C, FVII:C, FX:C were calculated.

Results

Seventy‐two female HB carriers (median age: 34 years; IQR 24–43) were included. Median aPTT and FIX:C levels were 33.0 s [IQR 30.0–37.0] and 57 IU/dL [IQR 43–74]. Fifteen carriers (21%) had mild HB (FIX:C levels of 10–40 IU/dL). FIX:C levels trended higher in carriers of mild HB versus carriers of moderate/severe HB. In six carriers, the median ratio of FIX:C to other Vitamin K dependent factors was 0.44, with 92% of ratios being ≤ 0.75.

Conclusion

aPTT and FIX:C levels were unreliable in diagnosing HB carrier status. A low ratio of FIX:C to other Vitamin K dependent factors may be a useful marker of HB carrier status.
No detrimental effects of wing‐harnessed GPS devices on the breeding performance of Yellow‐legged Gulls (Larus michahellis): A multi‐colony evaluation
Authors: Souc Charly , Leray Carole , Blanchon Thomas , Dagonet Thomas , Vittecoq Marion , Ramos Raül , McCoy Karen D.
Published: June 2024

A recent study revealed that wing‐harnessed tracking devices negatively affected reproductive success of Great Black‐backed Gulls Larus marinus. To evaluate the generality of this effect in large gulls, we investigated the reproductive performance associated with the same type of GPS‐mounted system in four Mediterranean breeding colonies of the Yellow‐legged Gull Larus michahellis in 2022. We found no significant difference in reproductive parameters among adults handled with a mounted device, adults handled with no device, and controls, and no interaction with colony of origin. The impact of the GPS harness system on short‐term reproduction is therefore not generalizable among larid species, and should be tested and reported whenever a new tracking programme is employed.
Comparison of the fractionated Nd: YAG 1064‐nm picosecond laser with holographic optics and the fractional CO2 laser in atrophic acne scar treatment: a prospective, randomized, split‐face study
Authors: Yuan Yucheng , He Yizhen , Fang Jing , Zhang Mengli , Wu Qiuju
Published: June 2024

Key point

The 1064‐nm picosecond laser with holographic optics demonstrated significant efficacy in treating atrophic acne scars.

Background

Picosecond lasers with fractionated optics have enabled the development of a breakthrough skin rejuvenation method. The authors compared the fractionated, non‐ablative neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet 1064‐nm picosecond laser with holographic optics and the fractional CO2 laser in treating atrophic acne scars.

Methods

One side of each patient's face was randomly allocated and treated with three sessions of the 1064‐nm picosecond laser with holographic optics at 2‐month intervals. In contrast, the other side was treated with the fractional CO2 laser. Participants were followed up 3 months after the final session. The primary outcome included the physicians' evaluation using the ECCA grading scale and a four‐point scale to assess improvement. The patients' assessment of progress, their overall satisfaction and preferences, and the side effects were also evaluated.

Results

No significant difference was observed between the two lasers in terms of the mean ECCA scores after treatments (P = 0.209). The physicians' improvement assessment was more significant for the fractional CO2 laser (P = 0.001). The patients' evaluation of improvement and subjective satisfaction were consistent with physicians' four‐point scale results. The picosecond laser side had fewer adverse effects (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The fractionated, non‐ablative Nd: YAG 1064‐nm picosecond laser with holographic optics and the fractional CO2 laser were effective and safe in treating atrophic acne scars. Significantly better clinical outcomes were observed with the fractional CO2 laser, whereas fewer adverse effects were noted with the 1064‐nm picosecond laser with holographic optics.
Acquired cutis laxa: a clinical review
Authors: Khodeir Joe , Ohanian Paul , Feghali Joelle
Published: June 2024

Acquired cutis laxa (ACL) is a rare, nonhereditary cutaneous disorder characterized by saggy inelastic skin. It has been associated with various inflammatory, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases, in addition to certain infections and medication. This article reviews ACL the demographical, clinical, and histological features of ACL, focusing on all associated disorders. Additionally, this review article provides an in‐depth discussion of all the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of ACL and all therapeutic options available; we also present an algorithm for the workup of patients with ACL. A systematic literature review was performed on PubMed/Medline and EMBASE databases, searching for all available articles on ACL with no limits on participant age, race, sex, nationality, or publication date. Ninety‐eight articles were included. The total number of included patients was 110, with a mean age of 36.4 years at presentation (range 0.25–78) and a M:F sex ratio of 1.24. ACL was most commonly associated with inflammatory disorders (43%) followed by neoplastic disorders (27%). In 73% of the neoplastic‐associated cases, ACL occurred on average 2.4 years before malignancy onset. ACL occurs months to years after an underlying inflammatory disorder. In 10% of the cases, ACL was associated with a particular drug, and in 2%, it was associated with specific infections. Data were derived from case reports, case series, letters to editors, observational studies, and abstracts. Limitations include the accuracy of published data, potential patient selection, and reporting bias. Dermatologists should be alert to these associations to provide adequate screening and management of patients with ACL.
Responding to platform owner moves: A 14‐year qualitative study of four enterprise software complementors
Authors: Kude Thomas , Huber Thomas L.
Published: June 2024

Integrating the competition and the cooperation perspectives on value co‐creation in platform ecosystems, this study explores complementor responses to platform owner moves that adversely affect the complementor's positioning. Our primary focus is to discern dynamic patterns of complementor responses and to understand their role in the process of re‐stabilising the complementor's positioning. To this end, we conducted a 14‐year longitudinal study, analysing 21 move‐response instances across four platform partnerships. Our findings reveal three distinct complementor response archetypes: insist, pivot, and detach. Over time, complementors combine these archetypes into three unique response patterns. Through progressive diverging, complementors sidestep platform owner moves by diversifying their offer beyond the focal ecosystem. Although this can entail substantial multi‐homing costs, it reduces dependence on the platform owner and bolsters resilience against future moves. Through adaptive oscillating, complementors use platform owner moves as opportunities to gradually diversify their offer within the focal ecosystem. This stepwise market expansion makes them resilient against future moves, while mitigating costs and efforts related to multi‐homing. Through persistent insisting, complementors can re‐establish their previous positioning, but at the cost of increased dependence on the platform owner, leaving the complementor vulnerable to future moves. We synthesise these findings in our process model of complementor positioning. Emphasising the importance of complementor responses in fostering resilient software ecosystems, this model bears important implications for research on platform governance and platform‐dependent entrepreneurship.
Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Water Use Efficiency of Rice–Wheat Rotation Cropland in the Jianghuai River Basin of China
Authors: Zhao Xiaohan , Zhang Fangmin , Weng Shengheng , Duan Chunfeng , Lu Yanyu
Published: June 2024

Rice–wheat rotation cropland is one of the most important agroecosystems in South China, the escalation of conflict between food demand augment and water supply shortage increased with climate change. Water use efficiency plays a more significant role in optimising water and carbon management. Thus, the diurnal and seasonal variations of water use efficiency were assessed by the 3‐year eddy covariance observations in the Shouxian National Observatory, a typical rice–wheat rotation station. The results revealed a ‘U’‐shaped diurnal pattern of water use efficiency for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seasonal water use efficiency had two peaks with the highest in the winter wheat‐growing season. The average water use efficiency for the rice–wheat rotation cropland was 2.85 g C kg−1 H2O over the whole year with 2.62 and 3.11 g C kg−1 H2O for winter wheat and rice, respectively. However, gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration of rice were higher than those of winter wheat. Temperature, photosynthetically active radiation were the principal impact factors of water use efficiency in the rice‐growing season. Comparatively, soil water and vapour pressure deficit dominated the water use efficiency changes in the winter wheat‐growing season. Our analyses can help understand the water use requirements for carbon assimilation on rice–wheat rotation cropland on the field scale.
Intermediate temperature degradation of a SiC/BN/SiC (MI) composite with holes at 500–900°C in steam
Authors: Ostdiek Gary , Jefferson George , Przybyla Craig , Pierce Jennifer , Celli Dino , Kerans Ronald
Published: June 2024

Specimens from a Hi‐Nicalon Type S/BN/SiC (MI) ceramic matrix composite with multiple machined holes were subjected to a furnace dwell and then tensile tested. The furnace temperature range was 500–900°C, and the atmosphere was pure steam to approximate the temperature and sea level partial pressure of water vapor in the cooling air going through turbomachinery cooling holes. Exposure of control specimens was done in laboratory air at the same temperatures. Tensile results along with microscopy and spectroscopy showed significant strength degradation in some conditions due primarily to oxidation of the boron nitride fiber coating, with coating volatilization at lower temperatures and probable fiber‐to‐matrix bonding and imposed fiber stresses at higher temperatures. The greatest strength degradation occurred in the 500–600°C steam range. The fiber coating oxidation/volatilization was especially evident near the holes and was exacerbated in the lower temperature tests by porosity networks that were open to the atmosphere at fiber tow ends at the specimen edges and along the inner walls of the holes.
Predictors of malignancy in melanocytic lesions presenting as new lesions compared to baseline total body photography: A case–control study
Authors: Chan S. , Guitera P. , Ferguson P. , El Sharouni M. A. , Teh R. , Scolyer R. A. , Glanz A.
Published: June 2024

Background

Only a small per cent of new melanocytic lesions developing in adults are expected to represent melanomas. Total body photography (TBP) has been widely incorporated in clinical practice, especially for follow‐up of high‐risk individuals with multiple naevi. However, dynamic changes detected with TBP need to be interpreted with caution to avoid unnecessary excisions.

Objectives

To identify clinical and dermoscopic predictors of malignancy in melanocytic lesions presenting clinically as new lesions on TBP.

Methods

Melanomas and melanocytic naevi excised from a high‐risk cohort and presenting as new lesions on TBP were retrospectively included. Naevi were arbitrarily collected up to approximately twice the number of melanomas. Melanomas were categorized as ‘unequivocal’ or ‘borderline’ on histopathology review.

Results

Sixty melanomas and 110 naevi were included. Median age (range) of cases (55; 27–83) was 9 years older than controls (46; 24–77) (p < 0.0001). Median diameter (IQR) of naevi was 2.6 mm (1.8–3.8) and of melanomas 4.2 mm (2.7–7.0) (p < 0.0001). On histopathology, 40% of the melanomas were ‘borderline’. A positive 7‐point checklist was reported in 12.5% of ‘borderline’ melanomas and 33.3% of ‘unequivocal’ melanomas (p = 0.005), while 18.3% of melanomas were completely featureless. Blue‐whitish veil, atypical vascular pattern and shiny white lines were exclusively found in melanomas. The main predictors of malignancy were (OR; 95% CI) regression structures (7.13; 1.88–27.06; p = 0.004); hypo/amelanotic colour (6.00; 1.17–30.73; p = 0.03); irregular pigmentation (3.89; 1.36–11.13; p = 0.01); asymmetrical peripheral dots/globules (3.50; 1.11–11.00; p = 0.03); and asymmetry in pattern and/or colour (2.5; 1.3–4.9; p = 0.007). All invasive melanomas detected in patients younger than 50 years presented at least one dermoscopic predictor of malignancy.

Conclusions

Melanomas presenting as new lesions are frequently featureless or feature poor on dermoscopy and difficult‐to‐diagnose on histopathology. In high‐risk patients, the presence on any of the dermoscopic predictors of malignancy identified should prompt excision; however, the remaining lesions should be closely monitored.
From crisis to care: A phenomenological exploration of how frontline nurses lived the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Akbal Sevim , Yildirim Meltem
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper explores how frontline nurses experienced the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic to provide appropriate care during a global health crisis.

Design and Methods

A qualitative descriptive phenomenological study. The sample consisted of 13 frontline nurses from Turkey, working in intensive care units, inpatient clinics and emergency unit. Data were collected online through face‐to‐face interviews based on a semi‐structured interview guide. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings

Nurses experienced certain difficulties in the continuous use of protective personal equipment, communication both with patients and colleagues, administrative processes. Besides, they experienced exhaustion, reduced job satisfaction and certain physical complaints.

Conclusions

Hospital administrators and health policy makers should effectively manage human and hospital resources effectively and solve nurses' problems in times of crisis, such as pandemics.

Clinical Relevance

Understanding the challenges faced by frontline nurses during the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic may help healthcare practitioners and policy makers to implement targeted interventions, support mechanisms and resource allocation strategies that enhance the well‐being of frontline nurses and optimise patient care delivery during health crises.
Stiphodon chlorestes, a new species of sicydiine goby (Teleostei: Gobioidei) from Taiwan and Luzon
Authors: Jhuang Wei‐Cheng , Dimaquibo Al Casane , Liao Te‐Yu
Published: June 2024

Stiphodon chlorestes sp. nov. is described based on seven specimens collected from Taiwan and Luzon. It is a large‐sized Stiphodon species sharing the second dorsal‐fin rays 9–10 and pectoral‐fin rays 14–16 with similar‐sized congeners. However, it differs from them by the wider interorbital width and almost complete lack of scales on the occipital region in males. In addition, the new species can be further distinguished from all congeners by seven to eight oval bands or a black longitudinal band on the lower body, black and white spots on pectoral fins, and a short red or orange line on posterior upper edge of caudal fin. Molecular analysis based on the 680‐bp mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) fragments also supports it as a distinct species belonging to the “Stiphodon elegans group” and a sister group of the clade consisting of Stiphodon multisquamus and Stiphodon palawanensis.
Moisture content‐dependent mechanical behaviors of rice by experiments and composite models in finite element simulation
Authors: Dong Shuhong , Zhang Wei , Tao Yujie , Zhang Shifeng
Published: June 2024

To reduce the crushing rate and improve the yield of rice during the milling process, it is significant from a fundamental standpoint to understand the mechanical behaviors of rice under external loads. In this paper, the mechanical properties and fracture morphologies of rice with various moisture contents have been analyzed in detail by experiments and the finite‐element (FE) method. In FE simulations, two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) composite models have been established with the cohesive zone model characterizing the interface strength. The results show that the moisture content determines the endosperm cell wall interface strength, and a linear relationship between the interface strength and moisture content has been obtained. In particular, three fracture patterns of brown rice are observed by the competition between the interface strength of starch granule and endosperm cell wall interface strength. Good agreements between FE predictions and experimental results indicate that the combination of the 2D and 3D composite models with the cohesive zone model can provide accurate predictions of the fracture behaviors of brown rice. This investigation should be of great help for understanding the moisture content‐dependent compression and impact behaviors of rice.

Practical applications

Brown rice can be obtained by removing the husk through a hulling machine. During these processes, external loads, such as compression and impact, will damage the microstructure of brown rice, which results in a loss rate as high as 25%. Understanding the mechanical properties of brown rice with different moisture contents will be of great help in designing the equipment used in rice processing operations and extending the yield of polished rice.
Energy consumption of data transfer: Intensity indicators versus absolute estimates
Authors: Guennebaud Gaël , Bugeau Aurélie
Published: June 2024

The assessment of energy consumption of data traffic for Internet services usually relies on energy intensity figures (in Wh/GB). In this paper, we argue against using these indicators for evaluating the evolution of energy consumption of data transmission induced by changes in Internet usage. We describe a model that estimates global impacts for different scenarios of Internet usages and technological hypothesises, and show that it can overcome some limitations of intensity indicators. We experiment the model on four use‐cases: basic usage, video streaming, large downloads, and video conferencing. Results show that increasing the resolution of videos does increase the total energy consumption while misleadingly decreasing the power intensity indicator at the same time. In other words, a more efficient network does not necessarily mean less energy consumption.
A metric for tradable biodiversity credits quantifying impacts on global extinction risk
Authors: Rossberg Axel G. , O'Sullivan Jacob D. , Malysheva Svetlana , Shnerb Nadav M.
Published: June 2024

The difficulty in identifying appropriate metrics for the impacts organizations have on biodiversity remains a major barrier to the inclusion of biodiversity considerations in environmentally responsible investment. We derive and analyze a simple metric: the sum of the proportional changes in the global abundances of species caused by an organization, with a regularization to cover the case of species close to extinction. We argue mathematically that this metric quantifies changes in the mean long‐term global survival probability of species. The metric thus supports the objective “to significantly reduce extinction risk” of the 2022 Global Biodiversity Framework and allows organizations to set themselves corresponding science‐based targets. We show that in a perfect market trade in biodiversity credits quantified by our metric would lead to near‐optimal allocation of resources to species conservation. We further show that metric values are quantitatively convertible to several other metrics and indices already in use. Barriers to adoption are therefore low. Used in conjunction with metrics addressing ecosystem services and integrity, potential areas of application include biodiversity related financial disclosures and voluntary or legislated biodiversity credit or no net loss policies.
Academic visualization study of aesthetic medicine management and related legal research since 2000
Authors: Deng Kexin , Deng Xufeng , Luo Hua , Chen Lei , Liu Yang , Wang Jian , Huang Manli , Hu Junhua , Li Tianyu , Zhou Jianda
Published: June 2024

Background

Aesthetics medicine, a controversial branch of clinical medicine known for its high degree of commercialization, faces numerous conflicts, particularly in some developing countries. The global aesthetics medicine industry requires enhancements of its legal and supervision framework and risk management systems.

Aims

This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive visual analysis of academic achievements related to regulatory and legal issues in the field of aesthetic medicine and to identify its development trends and research hotspots.

Methods

The Web of Science Core Collection was employed to retrieve relevant studies, resulting in a total of 602 research articles after selection. Utilizing bibliometric methods and CiteSpace, this study analyzed the primary countries, institutions, authors, journals, hotspots, frontiers, and trends in this domain.

Results

The findings indicated rapid increases in the number of published papers. The United States emerged as the leading contributor with 131 research papers and the highest intermediate centrality. Eleven keyword clusters were identified, with “adolescence” and “office‐based surgery” being the most recent topics. We also analyzed the trends and frontiers of legal research in medical aesthetics.

Conclusion

The importance of informed consent has been increasingly emphasized, and research in the field of medical aesthetics has been gradually expanding beyond individual cosmetic procedures. The management system has become more comprehensive, moreover, guidelines and medical laws have been continually published, with research shifting toward a holistic perspective that encompasses patients, medical aesthetic providers, and regulatory authorities in the study of medical aesthetics regulation and legislation. This paper also proposes some innovative directions for future research and applications.
Meeting Targets in Competitive Product Markets
Authors: BISETTI EMILIO , KAROLYI STEPHEN A.
Published: June 2024

We show that public banks face negative stock return jumps after missing their earnings per share (EPS) targets, and theoretically and quantitatively link these jumps to bunching behavior in the EPS surprise distribution. Bunching banks cut deposit rates to meet their targets, but do so at the expense of deposit outflows and franchise value losses. Local competitors, including private banks unexposed to capital market pressure, increase deposit rates, compensating depositors for switching. Our results provide new evidence that performance targeting incentives can affect consumer product prices, and suggest that competition may provide a check on public firms' targeting efforts.