bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Rural Primary Health Care in Western China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Manli , Fang Haiqing , Bishwajit Ghose , Xiang Yuanxi , Fu Hang , Feng Zhanchun
Published: October 2015

Purpose: China’s Ministry of Health has enacted Rural Primary Health Care Program (2001–2010) (HCP) guidelines to improve the quality of people’s health. However, the program’s success in Western China remains unevaluated. Thus, this study aims to begin to fill that gap by analyzing the provision and utilization of Rural Primary Health Care (RPHC) in Western China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect secondary data on the socio-economic characteristics, system construction, services use and implementation of RPHC, and the residents’ health status of the sampled areas. Four hundred counties from 31 provinces in China were selected via stratified random sampling, including 171 counties from 12 Western provinces. Twenty-seven analysis indicators, covering system construction, services use and implementation of RPHC were chosen to assess Western China’s primary health quality. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) methods were used to measure the RPHC disparities between Western and Eastern and Central China. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to rank Western, Eastern and Central internal provinces regarding quality of their RPHC. Results: Of the 27 indicators, 13 (48.15%) were below the standard in Western China. These focused on rural health service system construction, Chinese medicine services, and public health. In the comparison between Western, Central and Eastern China, 12 indicators had statistical significance (p < 0.05), and using LSD to compare between Western and Eastern China, all indicators were statistically significant (p < 0.05), demonstrating regional disparities. Xinjiang Province’s RPHC ranked highest overall, and Yunnan Province ranked the lowest, indicating the internal differences within the 12 Western provinces; and Western provinces’ Ci value was lower than that of Eastern and Central China overall. Conclusion: Western China’s RPHC has proceeded well, but remains weaker than that of Eastern and Central China. Differences within Western internal provinces threaten the successful implementation of RPHC.
The Effects of Firm-Specific Factors on the Profitability of Non-Life Insurance Companies in Turkey
Authors: Öner Kaya Emine
Published: October 2015

This study investigates the firm-specific factors affecting the profitability of non-life insurance companies operating in Turkey. For this purpose, data of 24 non-life insurance companies operating in Turkey from the period 2006–2013 were brought together to obtain 192 observed panel data sets. In this study, profitability is measured by two different variables: technical profitability ratio and sales profitability ratio. According to the empirical results, the firm-specific factors affecting the profitability of Turkish non-life insurance companies are the size of the company, age of the company, loss ratio, current ratio, and premium growth rate.
Energy Metabolism of the Brain, Including the Cooperation between Astrocytes and Neurons, Especially in the Context of Glycogen Metabolism
Authors: Falkowska Anna , Gutowska Izabela , Goschorska Marta , Nowacki Przemysław , Chlubek Dariusz , Baranowska-Bosiacka Irena
Published: October 2015

Glycogen metabolism has important implications for the functioning of the brain, especially the cooperation between astrocytes and neurons. According to various research data, in a glycogen deficiency (for example during hypoglycemia) glycogen supplies are used to generate lactate, which is then transported to neighboring neurons. Likewise, during periods of intense activity of the nervous system, when the energy demand exceeds supply, astrocyte glycogen is immediately converted to lactate, some of which is transported to the neurons. Thus, glycogen from astrocytes functions as a kind of protection against hypoglycemia, ensuring preservation of neuronal function. The neuroprotective effect of lactate during hypoglycemia or cerebral ischemia has been reported in literature. This review goes on to emphasize that while neurons and astrocytes differ in metabolic profile, they interact to form a common metabolic cooperation.
Within-Colony Variation in the Immunocompetency of Managed and Feral Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Different Urban Landscapes
Authors: Appler R. , Frank Steven , Tarpy David
Published: October 2015

Urbanization has the potential to dramatically affect insect populations worldwide, although its effects on pollinator populations are just beginning to be understood. We compared the immunocompetency of honey bees sampled from feral (wild-living) and managed (beekeeper-owned) honey bee colonies. We sampled foragers from feral and managed colonies in rural, suburban, and urban landscapes in and around Raleigh, NC, USA. We then analyzed adult workers using two standard bioassays for insect immune function (encapsulation response and phenoloxidase activity). We found that there was far more variation within colonies for encapsulation response or phenoloxidase activity than among rural to urban landscapes, and we did not observe any significant difference in immune response between feral and managed bees. These findings suggest that social pollinators, like honey bees, may be sufficiently robust or variable in their immune responses to obscure any subtle effects of urbanization. Additional studies of immune physiology and disease ecology of social and solitary bees in urban, suburban, and natural ecosystems will provide insights into the relative effects of changing urban environments on several important factors that influence pollinator productivity and health.
Biocompatibility Evaluation of Dental Luting Cements Using Cytokine Released from Human Oral Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes
Authors: Kwon Jae-Sung , Piao Yin-Zhu , Cho Sun-A , Yang Song-Yi , Kim Ji , An Susun , Kim Kwang-Mahn
Published: October 2015

Dental luting cements are commonly used in dentistry for cementation of prosthetic restoration. Many previous studies focused on the measurement of the cell viability as the method of cytotoxicity evaluation during biocompatibility study for the material. In this study, the biocompatibility of various dental luting cements were evaluated using the new method of cytokine release measurement in order to better simulate inflammatory reactions in animal or clinical model using two different oral cells; immortalized human gingival fibroblast and immortalized human oral keratinocytes. Cells were exposed to extractions of various commercially available dental luting cements for different durations. Cytokines of IL-1α and IL-8 were measured from the supernatants of the cells and the results were then compared to the conventional MTT viability test. The result from the conventional cell viability study showed a relatively simple and straight forward indication that only one of the dental luting cements tested in this study was cytotoxic with increasing duration of exposure for both cells. Meanwhile, the result from the cytokine measurement study was much more complex at the time point they were measured, type of cells used for the study and the type of cytokines measured, all of which influenced the interpretation of the results. Hence, the better understanding of the cytokine release would be required for the application in biocompatibility evaluation.
Comparative Anticonvulsant Study of Epoxycarvone Stereoisomers
Authors: Salgado Paula , Da Fonsêca Diogo , Braga Renan , De Melo Cynthia , Andrade Luciana , De Almeida Reinaldo , De Sousa Damião
Published: October 2015

Stereoisomers of the monoterpene epoxycarvone (EC), namely (+)-cis-EC, (−)-cis-EC, (+)-trans-EC, and (−)-trans-EC, were comparatively evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in specific methodologies. In the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced anticonvulsant test, all of the stereoisomers (at 300 mg/kg) increased the latency to seizure onset, and afforded 100% protection against the death of the animals. In the maximal electroshock-induced seizures (MES) test, prevention of tonic seizures was also verified for all of the isomers tested. However, the isomeric forms (+) and (−)-trans-EC showed 25% and 12.5% inhibition of convulsions, respectively. In the pilocarpine-induced seizures test, all stereoisomers demonstrated an anticonvulsant profile, yet the stereoisomers (+) and (−)-trans-EC (at 300 mg/kg) showed a more pronounced effect. A strychnine-induced anticonvulsant test was performed, and none of the stereoisomers significantly increased the latency to onset of convulsions; the stereoisomers probably do not act in this pathway. However, the stereoisomers (+)-cis-EC and (+)-trans-EC greatly increased the latency to death of the animals, thus presenting some protection. The four EC stereoisomers show promise for anticonvulsant activity, an effect emphasized in the isomers (+)-cis-EC, (+)-trans-EC, and (−)-trans-EC for certain parameters of the tested methodologies. These results serve as support for further research and development of antiepileptic drugs from monoterpenes.
Chalcopyrite Nanoparticles as a Sustainable Thermoelectric Material
Authors: Singh Maninder , Miyata Masanobu , Nishino Shunsuke , Mott Derrick , Koyano Mikio , Maenosono Shinya
Published: October 2015

In this report, copper iron sulfide nanoparticles with various composition were synthesized by a thermolysis based wet chemical method. These inherently sustainable nanoparticles were then fully characterized in terms of composition, structure, and morphology, as well as for suitability as a thermoelectric material. The merits of the material preparation include a straightforward bulk material formation where particles do not require any specialized treatment, such as spark plasma sintering or thermal heating. The Seebeck coefficient of the materials reveals P-type conductivity with a maximum value of 203 µV/K. The results give insight into how to design and create a new class of sustainable nanoparticle material for thermoelectric applications.
Identification of Epstein-Barr Virus Replication Proteins in Burkitt’s Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Traylen Chris , Ramasubramanyan Sharada , Zuo Jianmin , Rowe Martin , Almohammad Rajaei , Heesom Kate , Sweet Steve , Matthews David , Sinclair Alison
Published: October 2015

The working model to describe the mechanisms used to replicate the cancer-associated virus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is partly derived from comparisons with other members of the Herpes virus family. Many genes within the EBV genome are homologous across the herpes virus family. Published transcriptome data for the EBV genome during its lytic replication cycle show extensive transcription, but the identification of the proteins is limited. We have taken a global proteomics approach to identify viral proteins that are expressed during the EBV lytic replication cycle. We combined an enrichment method to isolate cells undergoing EBV lytic replication with SILAC-labeling coupled to mass-spectrometry and identified viral and host proteins expressed during the OPEN ACCESS Pathogens 2015, 4 740 EBV lytic replication cycle. Amongst the most frequently identified viral proteins are two components of the DNA replication machinery, the single strand DNA binding protein BALF2, DNA polymerase accessory protein BMRF1 and both subunits of the viral ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase enzyme (BORF2 and BaRF1). An additional 42 EBV lytic cycle proteins were also detected. This provides proteomic identification for many EBV lytic replication cycle proteins and also identifies post-translational modifications.
Hidden Markov Model for Stock Selection
Authors: Nguyen Nguyet , Nguyen Dung
Published: October 2015

The hidden Markov model (HMM) is typically used to predict the hidden regimes of observation data. Therefore, this model finds applications in many different areas, such as speech recognition systems, computational molecular biology and financial market predictions. In this paper, we use HMM for stock selection. We first use HMM to make monthly regime predictions for the four macroeconomic variables: inflation (consumer price index (CPI)), industrial production index (INDPRO), stock market index (S&P 500) and market volatility (VIX). At the end of each month, we calibrate HMM’s parameters for each of these economic variables and predict its regimes for the next month. We then look back into historical data to find the time periods for which the four variables had similar regimes with the forecasted regimes. Within those similar periods, we analyze all of the S&P 500 stocks to identify which stock characteristics have been well rewarded during the time periods and assign scores and corresponding weights for each of the stock characteristics. A composite score of each stock is calculated based on the scores and weights of its features. Based on this algorithm, we choose the 50 top ranking stocks to buy. We compare the performances of the portfolio with the benchmark index, S&P 500. With an initial investment of $100 in December 1999, over 15 years, in December 2014, our portfolio had an average gain per annum of 14.9% versus 2.3% for the S&P 500.
A Dimension Reduction Framework for HSI Classification Using Fuzzy and Kernel NFLE Transformation
Authors: Chen Ying-Nong , Hsieh Cheng-Ta , Wen Ming-Gang , Han Chin-Chuan , Fan Kuo-Chin
Published: October 2015

In this paper, a general nearest feature line (NFL) embedding (NFLE) transformation called fuzzy-kernel NFLE (FKNFLE) is proposed for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification in which kernelization and fuzzification are simultaneously considered. Though NFLE has successfully demonstrated its discriminative capability, the non-linear manifold structure cannot be structured more efficiently by linear scatters using the linear NFLE method. According to the proposed scheme, samples were projected into a kernel space and assigned larger weights based on that of their neighbors. The within-class and between-class scatters were calculated using the fuzzy weights, and the best transformation was obtained by maximizing the Fisher criterion in the kernel space. In that way, the kernelized manifold learning preserved the local manifold structure in a Hilbert space as well as the locality of the manifold structure in the reduced low-dimensional space. The proposed method was compared with various state-of-the-art methods to evaluate the performance using three benchmark data sets. Based on the experimental results: the proposed FKNFLE outperformed the other, more conventional methods.
Design and Fabrication of a Real-Time Measurement System for the Capsaicinoid Content of Korean Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Powder by Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Lim Jongguk , Kim Giyoung , Mo Changyeun , Kim Moon
Published: October 2015

This research aims to design and fabricate a system to measure the capsaicinoid content of red pepper powder in a non-destructive and rapid method using visible and near infrared spectroscopy (VNIR). The developed system scans a well-leveled powder surface continuously to minimize the influence of the placenta distribution, thus acquiring stable and representative reflectance spectra. The system incorporates flat belts driven by a sample input hopper and stepping motor, a powder surface leveler, charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor-embedded VNIR spectrometer, fiber optic probe, and tungsten halogen lamp, and an automated reference measuring unit with a reference panel to measure the standard spectrum. The operation program includes device interface, standard reflectivity measurement, and a graphical user interface to measure the capsaicinoid content. A partial least square regression (PLSR) model was developed to predict the capsaicinoid content; 44 red pepper powder samples whose measured capsaicinoid content ranged 13.45–159.48 mg/100 g by per high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 1242 VNIR absorbance spectra acquired by the pungency measurement system were used. The determination coefficient of validation (RV2) and standard error of prediction (SEP) for the model with the first-order derivative pretreatment method for Korean red pepper powder were 0.8484 and ±13.6388 mg/100 g, respectively.
SITRUS: Semantic Infrastructure for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bispo Kalil , Rosa Nelson , Cunha Paulo
Published: October 2015

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are made up of nodes with limited resources, such as processing, bandwidth, memory and, most importantly, energy. For this reason, it is essential that WSNs always work to reduce the power consumption as much as possible in order to maximize its lifetime. In this context, this paper presents SITRUS (semantic infrastructure for wireless sensor networks), which aims to reduce the power consumption of WSN nodes using ontologies. SITRUS consists of two major parts: a message-oriented middleware responsible for both an oriented message communication service and a reconfiguration service; and a semantic information processing module whose purpose is to generate a semantic database that provides the basis to decide whether a WSN node needs to be reconfigurated or not. In order to evaluate the proposed solution, we carried out an experimental evaluation to assess the power consumption and memory usage of WSN applications built atop SITRUS.
Antecedents and Consequences of Firms’ Climate Change Management Practices: Stakeholder and Synergistic Approach
Authors: Lee Su-Yol , Kim Young-Hoon
Published: October 2015

There is a growing pressure for firms to address global warming issues, but firms differ in adopting and implementing management practices in response to climate change. The aim of this study is to assess stakeholder pressure and firms’ responses to climate change, and their effect on emission reduction and operational performance. A survey was conducted and then empirically analyzed using regression analysis. This study shows that financial investors and regulatory agencies are the most influential stakeholders for adopting and implementing climate change management practices. Process efficiency and low-carbon product development are the most adopted carbon management practices while organizational engagement and carbon offsetting are not preferred. This article provides evidence that some firms’ climate change management practices lead to improved operational performance such as cost reduction and enhanced delivery and flexibility, as well as improved climate change performance including carbon emission and energy consumption reductions. This study provides guidance for policy makers and firm managers on how to identify, design and manage global warming issues within the business arena.
Spatial and Temporal Correlates of Greenhouse Gas Diffusion from a Hydropower Reservoir in the Southern United States
Authors: Mosher Jennifer , Fortner Allison , Phillips Jana , Bevelhimer Mark , Stewart Arthur , Troia Matthew
Published: October 2015

Emissions of CO2 and CH4 from freshwater reservoirs constitute a globally significant source of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), but knowledge gaps remain with regard to spatiotemporal drivers of emissions. We document the spatial and seasonal variation in surface diffusion of CO2 and CH4 from Douglas Lake, a hydropower reservoir in Tennessee, USA. Monthly estimates across 13 reservoir sites from January to November 2010 indicated that surface diffusions ranged from 236 to 18,806 mg·m−2·day−1 for CO2 and 0 to 0.95 mg·m−2·day−1 for CH4. Next, we developed statistical models using spatial and physicochemical variables to predict surface diffusions of CO2 and CH4. Models explained 22.7% and 20.9% of the variation in CO2 and CH4 diffusions respectively, and identified pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and Julian day as the most informative predictors. These findings provide baseline estimates of GHG emissions from a reservoir in eastern temperate North America, a region for which estimates of reservoir GHGs emissions are limited. Our statistical models effectively characterized non-linear and threshold relationships between physicochemical predictors and GHG emissions. Further refinement of such modeling approaches will aid in predicting current GHG emissions from unsampled reservoirs and forecasting future GHG emissions.
In Vivo Tracking and Fate of Intra-Articularly Injected Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particle-Labeled Multipotent Stromal Cells in an Ovine Model of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Delling Uta , Brehm Walter , Metzger Marco , Ludewig Eberhard , Winter Karsten , Jülke Henriette
Published: October 2015

In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particle-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were injected intra-articularly into osteoarthritic knee joints. Their fate and distribution were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and macroscopic and histologic postmortem examination. Osteoarthritis was induced in 12 sheep by bilateral meniscectomy. After 6 weeks, one knee joint received 10 × 106 SPIO-labeled MSCs (Molday Ion Rhodamine B). Contralateral knees received a control injection of a) PBS, b) SPIO in PBS, c) 10 × 106 nonvital SPIO-labeled MSCs in PBS, or d) no injection. MR images were acquired immediately after injection and 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks thereafter using a 0.5-T unit and a T2* sequence. Signal intensity of synovial fluid and synovial lining was assessed semiquantitatively using a scoring system. Viable SPIO-labeled MSCs produced a strong hypointense signal in the synovial fluid immediately after injection, but normal signal intensity of the synovial fluid was observed 1 week later. Synovial lining maintained its hypointensity throughout the study period. Nonvital SPIO-labeled MSCs induced hypointense signals of the synovial fluid; synovial lining appeared weak and inconsistently hypointense in the following weeks. Pure SPIO produced a strong hyperintense signal in the synovial fluid at the time of injection only. Histologically, in all knee joints receiving viable SPIO-labeled MSCs, SPIO particles were detected (Prussian blue) within the synovial lining, dorsal fat pad, and neomeniscus tissue, but not in osteochondral samples. Few SPIO particles were detected in joints injected with nonvital SPIO-labeled MSCs. Immunohistologically, no increased cell death (TUNEL) was observed in the area of detected SPIO particles, but we did observe potential chondrogenic cell differentiation (Safranin O or S100β). We conclude that viable SPIO-labeled MSCs remain detectable within the joint for 12 weeks and attach themselves to some but not all diseased joint structures.
DFO Enhances the Targeting of CD34-Positive Cells and Improves Neovascularization
Authors: Du Zijing , Zan Tao , Huang Xiaolu , Sheng Lingling , Li Haizhou , Li Hua , Li Qingfeng
Published: October 2015

Desferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, mimicked hypoxia by inhibiting HIF-1α degradation and upregulated angiogenic factors. In this experiment, we elucidated the effect of DFO on CD34-positive cell migration and neovascularization. CD34-positive cells were cultured in media with DFO or an inhibitor and subjected to in vitro tubule formation and the expression of factors. Nude mice were randomly divided into five groups of 12: control, CD34, CD34-DFO, CD34-DFO-AMD (AMD3100, CXCR4 inhibitor), and CD34-DFO-LY (LY294002, the PI3K inhibitor) groups. Limb perfusion and in vivo imaging was evaluated by laser speckle imaging (LSI) and bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Capillary density was examined 14 days after surgery, and the relevant mechanism was also explored. In vitro, DFO significantly increased the tube formation and expression of angiogenic factors in CD34-positive cells, which were blocked by the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. DFO enhanced blood flow, the function of the ischemic hindlimb, and the levels of VEGF. Further, p-eNOS and p-Akt increased in response to the ischemia. BLI showed that DFO increased the number of CD34-positive cells targeted to the ischemic sites. Immunohistofluorescence revealed that the capillary density in the ischemic hindlimb was significantly higher in the DFO treatment group compared with the other groups. However, all of these effects were diminished by LY294002. DFO treatment enhanced CD34-positive cell targeting and improved neovascularization via the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway in an ischemic hindlimb.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Both Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat Deposits Significantly Improve Contractile Function of Infarcted Rat Hearts
Authors: Chi Chao , Wang Fei , Xiang Bo , Deng Jixian , Liu Shangdian , Lin Hung-Yu , Natarajan Kanmani , Li Gang , Wang Lei , Wang Jian , Lin Francis , Freed Darren H. , Arora Rakesh C. , Liu Hongyu , Tian Ganghong
Published: October 2015

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues have been studied individually. No studies have compared their abilities in treatment of heart failure. This study was designed to evaluate whether ASCs from the two sources could provide a long-term improvement of cardiac function in infarcted hearts. Rat subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were excised for isolation of ASCs. Morphology, yield, proliferation, surface markers, differentiation, and cytokine secretion of the subcutaneous ASCs (S-ASCs) and visceral ASCs (V-ASCs) were analyzed. Then a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI) was established by a coronary occlusion. Seven days after occlusion, S-ASCs ( n = 22), V-ASCs ( n = 22), and Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM, n = 20) were injected into the infarct rim, respectively. Cardiac function was then monitored with MRI for up to 6 months. The hearts were then removed for histological assessments. The yield of V-ASCs per gram of the visceral adipose depot was significantly greater than that of S-ASCs in 1 g of the subcutaneous adipose depot. On the other hand, the S-ASCs showed a greater proliferation rate and colony-forming unit relative to the V-ASCs. In addition, the infarcted hearts treated with either S-ASCs or V-ASCs showed a significantly greater left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) than those treated with DMEM at 4 weeks and 6 months following the cell/DMEM transplantation. Moreover, the infarct sizes of both S-ASC- and V-ASC-treated hearts were significantly smaller than that in the DMEM-treated hearts. MRI showed the implanted ASCs at the end of 6 months of recovery. Despite the differences in cell yield, proliferation, and colony formation capacity, both S-ASCs and V-ASCs provide a long-lasting improvement of cardiac contractile function in infarcted hearts. We conclude that the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues are equally effective cell sources for cell therapy of heart failure.
The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Mediated Spinal Cord Repair
Authors: Ritfeld Gaby J. , Patel Ajay , Chou Alexander , Novosat Tabitha L. , Castillo Deborah G. , Roos Raymund A. C. , Oudega Martin
Published: October 2015

The ability of intraspinal bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplants to elicit repair is thought to result from paracrine effects by secreted trophic factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here we used gene therapy to increase or silence BDNF production in BMSCs to investigate the role of BDNF in BMSC-mediated neuroprotection. In a spinal cord organotypic culture, BMSC-conditioned medium significantly enhanced spinal motoneuron survival by 64% compared with culture medium only. Only conditioned medium of BDNF-hypersecreting BMSCs sustained this neuroprotective effect. In a rat model of spinal cord contusion, a BDNF-dependent neuroprotective effect was confirmed; only with a subacute transplant of BDNF-hypersecreting BMSCs were significantly more spared motoneurons found at 4 weeks postinjury compared with vehicle controls. Spared nervous tissue volume was improved by 68% with both control BMSCs and BDNF-hypersecreting BMSCs. In addition, blood vessel density in the contusion with BDNF-hypersecreting BMSCs was 35% higher compared with BMSC controls and sixfold higher compared with vehicle controls. BDNF-silenced BMSCs did not survive the first week of transplantation, and no neuroprotective effect was found at 4 weeks after transplantation. Together, our data broaden our understanding of the role of BDNF in BMSC-mediated neuroprotection and successfully exploit BDNF dependency to enhance anatomical spinal cord repair.
Workplace Substance Use and Acceptance Among Nightclub Employees: a Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Kitterlin-Lynch Miranda , Curtis Catherine , Cervera Ashely
Published: October 2015

Most investigations of substance use in nightclubs are from a club goers' perspective. Consequently, that leaves an understudied population—the nightclub employee. Therefore, the purpose of this exploratory qualitative study investigated substance use at work by nightclub employees
and the conditions of acceptable workplace consumption. This study selected a nonprobability purposive sample consisting of seven semistructured, in-depth interviews with nightclub employees from Miami, Florida. Findings revealed that all of the employees participated in workplace substance
use, and found it acceptable to engage in substance use at work under the following conditions: the selection of substance (stimulant preference or alcohol) and quantity (low to moderate dosage). The environment and availability of substances in the nightclub normalized workplace substance
use. Employees felt that management had a substantial influence in the acceptance of workplace substance use because managers would either ignore or outright encourage the intake of substances on the job.
Customization Bridges the Gap Between Tourist Knowledge and Satisfaction
Authors: Lee Wen-Hwa , Lin Jo-Hui , Lee Shu-Ju , Yeh Ching , Lee Fang-I
Published: October 2015

Tourism is one of the major service industries today, one that faces increasing consumer demand for customized products and services, of which FIT is a commercially important representative. Tourists desire overseas tourism products that they can design or arrange themselves instead
of purchasing existing package tours. The literature pays scant attention to the relationships among tourist knowledge, customization, and satisfaction from the consumer perspective. This study shows that tourist knowledge positively influences customization and customization affects satisfaction.
This result also appears that customization presents a mediating effect. Finally, comprehensive management implications for tourism managers are discussed.
Moderating Effects of Tourists' Novelty-Seeking Tendencies on the Relationship Between Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention
Authors: Kim Sungsoo , Kim Heeyoung
Published: October 2015

Novelty seeking is an important motivator of travel, and has been identified as one factor in why satisfied visitors may not return to the same destination. This study examined the extent to which novelty-seeking tendency influences the direction or strength of the relationship between
satisfaction and tourists' behavioral intentions. The results indicated that novelty-seeking tendency weakened the relationship between overall satisfaction and revisit intention. However, novelty-seeking tendency strengthened the relationship between overall satisfaction and tourists' intention
to search for similar alternatives, and further to recommend a destination to others, which may create the potential for positive word-of-mouth communication.
Minor Salmonella: potential pathogens in eggs in Algeria
Authors: Ayachi Ammar , Bennoune Omar , Heleili Nouzha , Alloui Nadir
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Salmonellosis is one of the major foodborne diseases known to be closely related to the consumption of contaminated eggs, infected poultry, and poultry products. Control and survey of the poultry chain are the key elements and the most critical steps in the prevention of human transmission of Salmonella. Methodology: This study was carried out in East Algeria on 150 eggs meant for consumption collected from mini-markets and immediately tested for Salmonella using standard methods (ISO AFNOR 6579 modified in 2002). Briefly, the shell surfaces were carefully wiped using sterile appropriated tissues while the white and yellow yolks were separated. All 10 samples were pooled together and a total of 45 samples were carefully analyzed. Results: A contamination rate of 4.4% was found, and two strains of Salmonella bradford were isolated from white and yellow yolks. The results showed that XLT4 was the best medium for Salmonella isolation from yolks. Screening for other Salmonella in parental chickens using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test revealed seropositive cases of Salmonella enteritidis at the top of the poultry production pyramid. Conclusions: Occurrence of Salmonella in yolks and seropositive results for S. in parental chickens is a serious and potential danger to public health. Radical and preventive measures must be taken at the critical points to control and to avoid human transmission. These measures must be installed at all levels of egg production through the application of appropriate and strict regulations, and use of good hygienic practices in transport, storage, and food preparation.
Outbreak of Chikungunya virus in the north Caribbean area of Colombia: clinical presentation and phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Mattar Salim , Miranda Jorge , Pinzon Hernando , Tique Vanesa , Bolanos Amada , Aponte Jose , Arrieta German , Gonzalez Marco , Barrios Katerine , Contreras Hector , Alvarez Jaime , Aleman Ader
Published: October 2015

Introduction: The Caribbean area of Colombia has been severely affected by a Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak since 2014. Methodology: The study was carried out on 100 patients during a fever outbreak from August to September 2014 in two small rural villages in the northern Caribbean area of Colombia. The molecular assays performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on acute patient sera were collected within one to five days of the appearance of symptoms. Sequence analyses were carried out based on phylogenetic analyses of genes NS1 and E2. For serological assays, 49 (49%) patients at ≥ 6 days of disease onset were tested with NovaLisa Chikungunya IgG/IgM μ-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The main signs or symptoms associated with Chikungunya infection were arthralgia of the lower limbs (96%), fever (91%), arthralgia of the upper limbs (85%), rash (64%), and headache (57%). Ninety-four percent (46/49) of patients were positive for either IgM or IgG; the remaining three (6%) patients were seronegative. Viral loads were detected in 25 patients. Based on phylogenetic analysis of NS1 and E2, the characterization of the Colombian CHIKV indicated that it was a strain closely related to the British Virgin Islands strain and to the Asian genotype. Conclusions: This study shows the phylogenetic and clinical description of CHIKV in Colombia. The main symptoms shown were: arthralgia, fever, and rash. CHIKV sequences detected in Colombian patients were within the Asian genotype and closely related to the British Virgin Islands strain.
Emergence of multidrug resistant isolates and mortality predictors in patients with solid tumors or hematological malignancies
Authors: Bastug Aliye , Kayaaslan Bircan , Kazancioglu Sumeyye , But Ayse , Aslaner Halide , Akinci Esragul , Yetkin Meltem Arzu , Kanyilmaz Dilek , Eren Selim S , Bodur Hurrem
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Infections are an important preventable cause of death in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to clarify the epidemiologic characteristics and resistance patterns of causative isolates and mortality predictors in infections of cancer patients. Methodology: Patients with sterile site infections were evaluated in a retrospective cohort study. Etiological agents, antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolates, and possible risk factors for mortality were recorded. Survivors and non-survivors on day 30 after each infection onset were compared to identify the predictors of mortality. Results: A total of 205 infection episodes of 132 patients were included in this study. Of them, 75% had hematologic malignancies and 25% had solid tumors. Febrile neutropenia was diagnosed in 61.5%. Bloodstream infections were the most frequent infection (78%). The majority of the pathogens were Enterobacteriaceae (44.3%) and nonfermentative isolates (17.6%). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections were responsible for 40% of the episodes. The mortality rate was 23.4%. Inadequate initial antibiotic treatment (OR = 4.04, 95% CI = 1.80–9.05, p = 0.001), prolonged neutropenia (> 7 days) before infection (OR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.48–8.80, p = 0.005), infection due to Klebsiella species (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.31–10.7, p = 0.013), and Acinetobacter baumannii (OR = 5.00, 95% CI = 1.38–18.2, p = 0.014) were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions: Gram-negative isolates were found to be the predominant pathogens with higher mortality rates. Local epidemiological data should be taken into account when administering empirical therapy since the inadequacy of initial antibiotherapy is associated with a poor outcome.
Des fragments d’Amérique. La correspondance de Léon Gérin avec ses confrères français de La Science sociale
Authors: Parent Frédéric
Published: October 2015

Durant son voyage d’études aux États-Unis, en vue d’écrire un livre commandé par les éditions Firmin-Didot, Paul de Rousiers, accompagné du photographe Georges Rivière, fait une brève incursion au Canada à la fin du mois de mai 1890, pour rencontrer son collègue canadien de la Science sociale Léon Gérin. Celui-ci leur fait visiter la paroisse de Saint-Justin où il s’exerce à ses premières observations de terrain, qui lui serviront ensuite à écrire L’Habitant de Saint-Justin , classique de la sociologie québécoise. Nous présentons ici quelques extraits de la correspondance échangée entre les deux hommes et en particulier les lettres écrites par P. de Rousiers à propos de ce qu’il appelle “ce curieux paysˮ.
An Improved DV-Hop Algorithm Based on Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm
Authors: Yang Xiaoying , Zhang Wanli , Song Qixiang
Published: October 2015

According to that node localization accuracy is not high in the DV Hop localization algorithm, shuffled frog leaping algorithm with many advantages such as the convergence speed is fast, easy to realize and excellent performance of global optimization and so on is introduced into the design of DV-Hop algorithm. A new DV-Hop algorithm based on shuffled frog leaping algorithm (Shuffled Frog Leaping DV-Hop Algorithm, SF LA DV-Hop) is proposed in this paper. Based on traditional DV-Hop algorithm, the new algorithm used distance of nodes and position information of anchor nodes to establish objective optimization function and realize the estimation of unknown node coordinate in the final stage of DV-Hop algorithm. The simulation results showed that compared with the traditional DV-Hop algorithm, based on not increasing the sensor node hardware overhead, the improved algorithm can effectively reduce the positioning error.
Research of an Embedded IOT Gateway Applied to Post-earthquake Rescue
Authors: Xing Lili , Zhang Bing , Wu Qiong , Xie Li
Published: October 2015

The wireless self-organization network, such as Zigbee network typically can be constructed quickly to connect the post-earthquake field and the command center. So, an IOT (Internet of Things) gateway is the necessary device to connect Zigbee network to TCP/IP network. In this paper, an embedded IOT gateway based on Xscale PXA270 was designed to send the data of demands such as drugs, food, excavators, reinforce from post-earthquake field to the command center to enhance the rescue efficiency. The experimental results show that the gateway has a high performance and can be applied to post-earthquake rescue.
Study of the Application of iPad-based Digital Learning Games in English Game Teaching in the Primary School
Authors: Liu Junling , Zhang Yawen
Published: October 2015

Game teaching can promote children's cognitive development, emotional development and social participation. This paper bases its analysis on features digital learning English games and feasibility of such games in English game teaching, and proposes an iPad-based two-dimensional target system for game teaching, and layout for teaching plan and teaching practice. English game teaching in Grade 3 is taken as an example where setting deployment, resource synchronization, skill training and class application are described in detail aided with case study. Finally, application effect and common problems are identified to provide reference for further study.
Maintenance and Renewal of Fixed Assets in Terms of Industrial Logistics
Authors: Vondrackova Terezie , Jerabek Karel , Vostova Vera
Published: October 2015

This topic is dealing with the preparation and proceedings of the constructing work. It is focused on division of each single part of the construction and its participants in order to be in accordance with the legislation. The constituent part is an optimalization of the using of the constructing machines taking part in the realization of the works, including their maintenance and repair.
Rationalization of the Production Hall Layout in the Particular Manufacturing Company
Authors: Bartuska Ladislav , Kolarová Pavlina , Stopka Ondrej
Published: October 2015

This paper deals with the rationalization and optimization of a production hall layout in a particular manufacturing company. Within a practical example, the procedure for overall hall optimization and the related suitable layout of workplaces is described. Optimization is based on the information from Sankey diagrams and other logistic indicators as well as the analysis of removing deficiencies in the workspace layout of a production hall.
The Impact of the Quality Management System to Improve Manufacturing Logistics
Authors: Zimon Dominik
Published: October 2015

Modern manufacturing logistics like any other business functional area must be subject to the processes of optimization and improvement in order to meet the requirements of market competition both in terms of technological and customer satisfaction. In order to achieve this manufacturing logistics subsystem should be supported guidelines contained in modern quality management systems, the implementation and improvement of comprehensive basic streamlines logistics processes in the company. The aim of the article is to examine the actual impact of the quality management system to improve manufacturing logistics and the development of a general model of supporting the creation philosophy of quality in the production area.
Analysis of Gear Pump Designed for Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Labaj Jan , Husar Stefan
Published: October 2015

The model for the analysis of the gear pump work designed for the hydraulic systems was made for the 3D non-stationary two-phase flow using CFD software. In this paper, we made the simulation calculation of the pressure surge when opened between gear space in the discharge tube while the liquid is pumped. At the same time, we detected the pressure, velocity fields and the volume fraction of the steam in the gear pump space. The paper presents the resultant of the forces and the moments acting on the gears and possible sites of cavitation in the area of the gear pump and on its bearings. All the obtained results have been examined in the practical manufacturing processes.
Possibilities of Finding out the Braking Parameters with Using GPS Equipment and Cameras
Authors: Zamecnik Jan , Jagelcak Juraj , Vrabel Jan
Published: October 2015

This article deals with results of testing, what level of reliability and accuracy can be reached by GPS devices and cameras when using them for purposes of detection of extreme braking and determination of its parameters. Braking tests with a van and with semi-trailer truck were done for purposes of this research. The main aim is to find out, whether this equipment can be used for detection of extreme braking as a situation, which can cause hidden damages on transported cargo. The article contains evaluation of differences between data measured by GPS equipment and those measured by equipment with accelerometer. Here are also stated examples of runs of braking deceleration as there were recorded by particular types of equipment.
Mechatronic and Transport System Simulation
Authors: Brumercik Frantisek , Brumercikova Eva , Bukova Bibiana
Published: October 2015

Transaction-based systems, such as Mathworks SimEvents and Stateflow, are the efficient solution for discrete event simulation in the field of mechatronic systems and transportation. Possible analysis of simulation, which can be done by the change of the attributes, results suggests solutions to address desired issues.
The Monitoring and Analysis of Textile Conveyor Belt by Industrial Metrotomographs
Authors: Michalik Peter , Molnar Vieroslav
Published: October 2015

The article deals with a description of new test equipment and methodology of an analysis of textile rubber conveyor belts loaded by a tensile force. This construction is designed tensioning device, which allows the development of automatic tensioning force in one axis X-tensioning force F is exerted screw the nut with a torque wrench and a controlled strain-gauge sensor. Measured sample-textile conveyor belt is clamped in two adjustable clamping jaws ribbed belts for different thicknesses. Ribbed clamping jaws on one side of the tensioning device is attached to the frame and on the other hand are attached to the runner associated with the movable tensioning screw. Presented measurement method arises from existing norms. Sensing sample section of the conveyor belt is carried out on CMMs based CT for parts with different size and density of the material.
Possibilities of Using Simulation Software for Assessment Delays in the Traffic and Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Cernicky Lubomir , Kalasova Alica , Kapusta Jan , Vanickova Radka
Published: October 2015

At present, manufacturing processes require time accuracy in deliveries of parts and materials. This accuracy can be affected by many factors, two of which are road infrastructure quality and traffic volume between suppliers and manufacturing company. Every increase of traffic can lead to road infrastructure overcrowding, which may have impact on accuracy in deliveries of parts and materials. This article aims to delay time assessment at the intersections as the main factor of late deliveries in short distances.
ABC Analysis in the Manufacturing Company
Authors: Kubasakova Iveta , Poliakova Bibiana , Kubanova Jaroslava
Published: October 2015

This article deals with the method used for classification of material in manufacturing companies. The aim of the article is application of ABC analysis in manufacturing company and finding some advantages and disadvantages. This method can be used in company which deals with production, transportation or in logistics companies. We choose ABC analysis for its application within one manufacturing company, which produce a lot of various components. The results of ABC analysis are strike in the article.
Benefits and Problems of Monitoring the Waterway Transport on Danube and Danube Cruise Statistics Based on Monitoring the Pusher Tugboats
Authors: Zamecnik Jan , Jagelcak Juraj , Sosedova Jarmila
Published: October 2015

This article deals with benefits and problems of using GPS monitoring and Inland AIS, which is the part of river information services operating on Danube. It is based mainly on results and experience from monitoring of two pusher tugboats on Danube and Danube – Main – Rhine canal within the project Chemlog T&T. It also contains statistics of their navigation on particular Danube sections in up stream and down stream direction, such as transit durations between particular ports, proportion of speed in percentage in particular Danube sections and delays in lock chambers or in front of them.