bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PELATIHAN KADER KESEHATAN PADA REMAJA DI SMAN 1 SUKAMARA KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Oktarina Jenny
Published: November 2021

Remaja merupakan suatu tahap perkembangan dari masa anak-anak menuju masa dewasa akan terjadi perubahan fase kehidupan dalam fisik, fisiologis. Seseorang akan dikatakan sebagai remaja diawali pada usia 11-12 tahun dan berakhir pada usia 18 – 21 tahun. Usia remaja menurut WHO adalah 10-19 tahun (WHO, 2012). Di Indonesia menurut BKKBN batasan usia remaja 10-24 tahun (Situmorang, 2003) batasan usia remaja adalah umur 10-19 tahun dan belum kawin (Depkes, 2010). Menurut Dinas Kesehatan RI, tahap perkembangan pada remaja dibagi atas 3 tahapan yakni : remaja awal (10-14 tahun), remaja tengah (15-16 tahun) dan remaja akhir (17-19 tahun). Masa remaja ditandai dengan perubahan - perubahan fisik, yang berdampak terhadap perubahan psikologis. Tanda tanda perubahan fisik pada masa remaja terjadi dalam konteks pubertas yakni kematangan organ organ seks dan kemampuan reproduktif yang bertumbuh dengan cepat yang disebut dengan “growth spurt”.Sasaran dari Pengabdian Masyarakat ini adalah siswa-siswi di SMAN 1 Sukamara. Mengumpuikan peserta pelatihan dan diberi penjelasan tujuan dari pelatihan yang dilaksanakan. Menyampaikan materi tentang KKR. Membuat forum diskusi dan tanya jawab serta sharing pengalaman yang pernah dilakukan tetang KKR. Mengevaluasi materi yang telah diberikan pada saat pelatihan. Peiaksanaan Kegiatan Pelatihan KKR di SMAN 1 Sukamara tahun 2018 diikuti oleh 20 orang peserta. Kegiatan pelatihan untuk para kader kesehatan remaja dirasakan bermanfaat bagi para siswa-siswi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan informasi tentang KKR dalam lingkup sekolah dan masyarakat. Dari hasil evaluasi setelah pelatihan berlangsung yang dilakukan secara lisan mayoritas 70% mengatakan senang dan mengharapkan kalau ada pelatihan lagi. Kegiatan pelatihan dikatakan berhasil bisa dilihat hasil evaluasi secara keseluruhan baik dari jumlah peserta bisa mencapai 20 orang peserta yang hadir, dan hasil evaluasi terahkir dari tanya jawab ternyata 70% bisa memahami materi yang disampaikan. Kegiatan Pelatihan KKR di SMAN 1 Sukamara Tahun 2018 dimulai dengan pembukaan dan registrasi dilanjutkan dengan pemberian materi tentang KKR dalam sekolah, dan dilanjutkan dengan demonstrasi kegiatan KKR dalam sekolah. Kata kunci      : Remaja, Kader, Kesehatan
TINGKAT KEPUASAN PASIEN TERHADAP PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN DI PUSKESMAS SUNGAI RANGIT DAN PUSKESMAS NATAI PELINGKAU KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN BARAT
Authors: Chabib Rahman Nur , Irawan Yogie , Irawan Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Kepuasan yaitu dimana perasaan seseorang yang muncul setelah membandingkan antara kinerja dan kualitas jasa pelayanan yang didapat dengan keinginan, kebutuhan dan harapan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk men3hui tingkat kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian di Puskesmas Sungai Rangit dan Puskesmas Natai Pelingkau Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian bersifat deskriptif, teknik pengambilan sampel teknik purposive sampilng. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 60 responden pada kedua Puskesmas Sungai Rangit dan Puskesmas Natai Pelingkau. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner yang telah di uji validitas dan realibilitasnya saja waktu tunggu yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan stopwacth. Data analisis dibuat tabulasi, dihitung menggunakan rumus presentase, dan waktu tunggu menggukan rata-rata pelayanan resep untuk melihat perbedaan waktu tunggu obat jadi dan obat racikan serta melihat waktu perbedaan kedua Puskesmas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat kepuasan persentase rata-rata secara keseluruhan sebesar (86%) pada Puskesmas Sungai Rangit dan (85%) pada Puskesmas Natai Pelingkau dengan kategori kepuasan adalah sangat puas. Hasil penelitian tentang waktu tunggu pelayanan resep memiliki rata-rata waktu tunggu resep racikan 13 menit pada kedua Puskesmas sedangkan waktu tunngu resep obat non racikan adalah 6 menit pada kedua Puskesmas. berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa tingkat kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian di Puskesmas Sungai Rangit dan Puskesmas Natai Pelingkau dalam Kategori sangat puas.Kata Kunci: Tingkat kepuasan, waktu tunggu, Deskriptif, Puskesmas.
Moving from Offline to Online: Addressing the Cancer Spectrum Through the National Strategic Plan on Cancer Prevention and Control, Sri Lank - 2020-2024
Authors: Vidanapathirana Janaki , Suranga Malawige Amila , Nawaratne Sashiprabha , Perera Suraj
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Sri Lanka is committed to achieving the global targets at the end of 2025 by a 25% reduction in premature mortality from cancer by intervening from prevention, early detection, treatment palliative care, and surveillance. Current Sri Lankan evidence shows a gradual increase of cancers where many are preventable by risk factor reduction. According to the data of the National Cancer Registry, Sri Lanka in 2019, there were 14,845 (47%) males and 16,989 (53%) females diagnosed with cancer with a total of 31844. One of the recommendations of the imPACT review 2019 was to develop the NSP to achieve quality of life by preventing and control of cancer in Sri Lanka. National Cancer Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka gave the leadership to develop the National Strategic Plan (2020-2024) that provided a direction for the country for cancer prevention and control. Methods: Based on the local and international evidence initial draft was prepared by the NCCP. Feedback was obtained via emails and virtual meetings from all the stakeholders (medical professional colleges, UN organizations, non-government organizations, community-based organizations) due to COVID 19 physical meeting restrictions. This was followed by a series of virtual meetings with the same stakeholders and finalizing the document. Results: The NSP was developed for the year 2020-2024 as a guiding document for Sri Lanka’s response to cancer control and prevention with a vision and a goal to be achieved in cancer prevention and control in the country. This document has laid down seven strategic objectives and seven strategic directions to serve as pillars for the cancer spectrum with a detailed activity plan under each strategic direction. Conclusion and recommendations: The NSP was developed to reduce cancer incidence and mortality via evidence-based strategic objectives of prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment and palliation, surveillance, and research with an activity plan. It was recommended to have close monitoring, mid-term and end of five-year reviews to assess its progress.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetic ketoacidosis among Patients Living with Type 1 Diabetes in Makkah Al-Mukarramah City
Authors: Alhajaji Raghad , Almasodi Khalid , Alhajaji Afaf , Alturkstani Ahmad , Samkari Mayada
Published: November 2021

Objective: To assess magnitude of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among type-1 diabetics and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 236 type-1 diabetics in Makkah Al-Mukarramah City, Saudi Arabia. Results: Among participants, 59.3% were males, 44.1% were diabetic for more than 5 years, while 70.8% reported past history of DKA. The main causes of DKA were gfirst presentation of the diseaseh (40.9%), and gdiscontinued treatmenth (37%). The HbA1c among 53.6% was above 9%. Almost all cases who experienced DKA were hospitalised (98.8%). Out of them, 9 (5.4%) suffered complications. Female patients were more likely to suffer from episodes of DKA than males (76% and 68.3%, respectively). Most patients whose parentsf highest education was primary level had DKA more frequently than those whose parentsf had postgraduate education. Patients with unemployed fathers had significantly higher frequency of DKA (p=0.004). Ketoacidosis was significantly more frequent among patients with parentsf consanguinity (p<0.001). Patients who had their current HbA1c level exceeding 9% had positive history of DKA compared to those with HbA1c level .7% (87.9% and 28.6%, respectively, p<0.001). Conclusion: Most type-1 diabetics experience DKA, mainly with their first presentation of disease or due to discontinuation of treatment. DKA tends to occur more frequently among female patients, those with less educated parents or when their parents are relatives. Key words: Type 1 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, magnitude, risk factors.
A retrospective study of thyroid hormone in Pediatrics: relationships with growth hormone correlation with effects of diabetes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshareef Faisal Mujeb , Alfaris Abdullah Hamad , Alhafez Nouryah Abdulaziz , Albulosh Alanoud Saleh , Aljuhni Abdulaziz Mshaal , Almahmoud Khalid Abdulrahman , Almajdui Majed Abdulaziz , Alswayed Khalid Ebrahim , Alghuraybi Saad Ibrahim , Alomary Saleh Abdulmoneim , Alkhudher Abdullah Ahmad , Alharbi Faisal Turki G , Almuhanna Mohammed Ahmed , Alrashod Musaad Abdulaziz , Aljasser Khalid Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Background: Inadequate Thyroid Hormone at birth in newborns is known as Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) and it has a critical role in their growth and brain development. As a result, untreated CH and abnormal GH/IGF1 levels can lead to failure to thrive, osteoporosis, and Diabetic Retinopathies, among other problems. This retrospective study examines the chances of developing growthhormone disruption and Diabetes Mellitus in patients diagnosed with Congenital Hypothyroidism at the Security Forces Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A retrospective chart review of growth hormone deficient (GHD) patients was done at the security force hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The data was collected from the medical records of the patients. The study included all patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) who had complete clinical, diagnostic and treatment data. Result: At the beginning of the research, 287 growth hormone-deficient (GHD) children ranging in age from 1 to 15 years old were evaluated for diabetes. A total of 151 (52.6%) of the 287 patients got levothyroxine therapy, while the remaining 136 (47.4%) did not (control group). Because the p-value <0.05 (t(149) = 1.165, p = 0.246), the mean difference in blood sugar level changes is not statistically significant (t(149) = 1.165, p = 0.246). Conclusion: We found that levothyroxine therapy has no discernible effect on blood sugar level fluctuations in males and females. Key words: Growth hormone deficiency, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Diabetes.
Clinical Efficacy and Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Inclisiran
Authors: bin Daud Muhammad Danial
Published: November 2021

Inclisiran, a drug developed by Novartis, is a recent medication designed to alleviate cardiovascular disease symptoms through improving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Mechanistically, inclisiran is a chemically synthesized small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule targeting serine protease proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9), resulting in degradation of the LDL receptor. Positive, large-scale clinical trials on the use of inclisiran demonstrate the drug’s efficacy in reducing LDL cholesterol levels in patients afflicted with cardiovascular disease. Moreover, Novartis and the National Health Services (NHS) of the UK have very recently come to an agreement (September 1st, 2021) on the drug’s utility, as the NHS has enabled inclisiran’s use in more than 300,000 patients with a history of cardiovascular disease. However, despite the promising clinical trials on inclisiran as well as its use in the UK, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has yet to approve the drug as a treatment strategy for cardiovascular disease. This review will analyze and discuss the clinical efficacy of inclisiran based on the recent clinical evidence for its pharmacological use in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Key words: Inclisiran, efficacy, cholesterol-lowering
INTERIORIZAÇÃO DOS CURSOS DE PSICOLOGIA NO BRASIL: DESAFIOS ATUAIS À FORMAÇÃ
Authors: Macedo João Paulo , Souza Carlivane de Jesus , Dimenstein Magda , Dantas Candida
Published: November 2021

Objetiva-se analisar os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de Psicologia (PPC) localizados em cidades de médio, médio-pequeno e pequeno porte, considerando o contexto de expansão e interiorização da formação na últimadécada. Trata-se de um estudo documental, a partir da análise de 20 PPC, com base nos seguintes eixos: perfil e localização dos cursos, caracterização geral dos PPC, ênfases curriculares/disciplinas e campo das práticas. Os cursos estão distribuídos em, pelo menos, 12 Estados brasileiros, sendo 30% em municípios de médio porte, 45% em municípios de médio-pequeno porte e 25% em localidades de pequeno porte. São cursos mais próximos dos contextos rurais, entendidos como um espaço singular, permeados por uma multiplicidade de formas e uma diversidade de relações com o mundo urbano, o que exige maior sensibilidade para apreender a complexidade e a heterogeneidade que marca os meios e os povos rurais no Brasil.
SAÚDE MENTAL E TRABALHO NA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA: DIAGNÓSTICO E INTERVENÇÃO
Authors: Ribeiro Sandra Fogaça Rosa , Oliveira Daniely Diniz de , Iwata Hélimi , Ivers Júlia Feltrin
Published: November 2021

Este é um relato sobre saúde mental e trabalho na Saúde da Família – diagnóstico e intervenção. Foi sobre um estágio de psicologia, numa unidade de Saúde da Família, principal política para viabilizar a atenção primária à saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil. O objetivo foi fazer uma intervenção, a partir de um diagnóstico organizacional com ênfase no trabalho do agente comunitário de saúde. O método foi a observação participante, seguida de dois encontros, que possibilitaram reflexão sobre as dificuldades da equipe, bem como a ampliação da discussão no âmbito da gestão.  A intervenção foi considerada positiva, pois abriu possibilidades favoráveis no trabalho, mesmo que de forma preliminar, com solicitações de continuidade do trabalho na unidade de Saúde da Família.
Current Elective Surgical Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Chaves Oliveira Enio , Bafutto Mauro , Augusto Ferreira Bafutto Alexandre , Gabriel Neto Salustiano , Jabur Bittar Neto Jarbas
Published: November 2021

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing world-wide and most patient will require some surgical treatment once in life. IBD surgical patients are a challenge to surgeons. Main goals of surgical treatment are (1) to preserve the small bowel integrity because many resections may lead the patient to a small bowel short syndrome and (2) restore normal function as they have absorption disturbances. IBD patients may present mal-nutrition status and/or immunosuppression at the time of surgery. Types of surgery range from a simple plasty in Crohn disease to a total proctocolectomy in Ulcerative Colitis. For Crohn disease most procedures avoid resection and use diseased segments to prevent disabsorption. Herein we describe the most currently used techniques to treat IBD patients, when to indicate surgery and how to prepare them to less outcomes. Patients with Crohn disease with high risk for short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure should be submitted to Strictureplasty otherwise, Bowel Resection is the favored surgical technique for the management of fibrostenotic. Bowel Resection is associated with lower recurrence rate and longer recurrence-free survival.
The Formation Mechanism and Structure of Organic Liquids in the DFT Challenges
Authors: I. Grinvald Iosif , Yu. Kalagaev Ivan , V. Kapustin Rostislav
Published: November 2021

In the paper the experimental and theoretical approaches to problem of organic liquids formation mechanism and its structure are reviewed. It was shown that all presented models have the advantages and disadvantages at interpretation of molecular interaction and arrangement in liquid phase. The DFT calculation in different variant of models including paired interaction hydrogen atom transfer, model of transformation and the general conclusion following from this consideration are presented.
Genotypic Variation and Talent Identification in Sports
Authors: Pramanik Anilendu , Das Shubhraprakash , Dandapat Sarit
Published: November 2021

Top performance of athletes is not limited to the demand of fame, public recognition, sponsorship, and prize money but genetic inheritance contributes a prime role to hold such traits. Recent years, we have witnessed the rise of sports specific tests that identify person’s athletic talents, but human vary on genetic factors which silently work to achieve success in sports. Recent progress on the genetic determination in the sports sciences offer great perspective to analyze the genotype profile associated with the athletes. One of the most used advances in this field is the identification of variations in the DNA sequence, known as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic evaluations should be combined with other tools to get an accurate identification of athletes and their respective fields to achieve optimum success.
Revising the National Framework for the Management of Drought (NFMD) to Enhance Vegetable Farmers’ Vulnerability to Drought in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Mokgotha Ramafoko Elijah , Nembo Lekunze Joseph , Luvhengo Usapfa
Published: November 2021

Climate change is a global challenge which is causing persistent droughts in South Africa. This is concerning in the absence of a proper management strategies targeting small-scale vegetable farmers especially for agricultural sustainability and food security. The sustainability of agriculture and food supply is in line with the second goal (Zero Hunger) of 2030 UN sustainable development goals. The focus of this chapter is on small-scale farmers as opposed to commercial farmers because of the differential vulnerability to drought as a result of social, economic and environmental conditions. Drought persisted in the in major parts of South Africa especially the Northern Cape and existing policies and management frameworks are inadequately equipped to sustain affected famers. Although both small-scale and commercial farmers are affected, small-scale farmers are highly vulnerable as they lose their entire livelihood during droughts. The revision undertook extensive literature and focused on the national framework for the management of drought developed by the Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries DAFF as a conceptual base. The chapter reveals that, drought mitigations strategies employed by the integrated drought management teams are not adequate to address the impact and sustainability on small-scale farmers.
Learning Disorder (Dyslexia): An Overview Description of the Entity through Available Researches
Authors: Prasad Sambhu , Sagar Rajesh
Published: November 2021

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability can be explained with number of biological and neuropsychological theories. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. The available research in this field show that there is impairment in processing the sensory input that enters the nervous system. It also indicate that there are problem in phonological decoding. There are various educational interventions and programs to address dyslexia which includes regular teaching in small group, a learning support assistant like a specialist teacher, policy interventions etc. The basic strategies of intervention focus on phonemic skill such as the ability to identify and process word sounds.
The New Era of Biologics in Atopic Dermatitis: A Review
Authors: Schneider Simon , Li Linda , Zink Alexander
Published: November 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disorder affecting all ages and ethnic groups. The age-dependent varying appearance and extent of pruritic lesions are accompanied by distinct individual suffering, highlighting the importance of effective treatment options. Over the past years, systemic drugs have considerably extended therapeutic approaches of patients with moderate to severe AD, in particular, new biologics, most notably dupilumab has appeared as major breakthrough. In addition to monoclonal blockade of IL-4 and IL-13 pathway, more cytokines have been found to play a substantial role in AD pathogenesis, presenting potential targets for new therapy options.
Difference in Sun Exposure Habits Between Individuals with High and Low Risk of Skin Cancer
Authors: Karlsson Oskar , Hagberg Oskar , Nielsen Kari , Paoli John , Ingvar Åsa
Published: November 2021

Background: Skin cancer incidence is rapidly increasing. The main risk factor, sun exposure, can be modified. Informational campaigns can be effective in raising skin cancer awareness and target the high-risk population. Still, sun exposure habits in people at high risk of skin cancer are not well-known.

Objective: To investigate if and how sun exposure habits differ between low-risk and high-risk individuals.

Methods: During the Swedish Euromelanoma campaign of 2018, questionnaires were collected containing information regarding sun exposure habits and risk factors for skin cancer. Data on 4,141 participants was used to investigate the association between risk factors and sun exposure habits.

Results: A fair skin type and a previous history of skin cancer were significantly associated with enhanced sun protective behavior. Family history of skin cancer, childhood sunburns and the presence of large/atypical nevi had no effect on sun exposure habits. Going on sunny holidays were particularly unaffected by being at high risk of skin cancer.

Conclusion: Individuals at high risk of developing skin cancer showed suboptimal sun exposure habits and harmful traveling behaviors. We suggest that future skin cancer campaigns inform on accurate sun protection behavior during sunny holidays and associated risk factors. Risk factors such as childhood sunburns, numerous common and large/atypical nevi, as well as family history of skin cancer seem to be less recognized by the population.
Stress and Skin: An Overview of Mind Body Therapies as a Treatment Strategy in Dermatology
Authors: Graubard Rachel , Perez-Sanchez Ariadna , Katta Rajani
Published: November 2021

Stress has multiple and wide-ranging physiologic and clinical impacts on skin disease. This has led to an interest in mind body therapies as potential adjunct treatments for skin disease. The stress response results in the activation of the endocrine, neurologic, and immune systems, with a resulting cascade of impacts, that are both systemic and cutaneous. The 2 main arms of the stress response are the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The resultant release of cortisol, catecholamines, and neuropeptides has multiple effects. Clinically, these have been shown to increase skin inflammation, increase itching, impair skin barrier function, impair wound healing, and suppress immunity.Mind body therapies are those that focus on the interaction between the mind and the body, with the goal to influence physical function and impact health. These have been shown to ameliorate some of the harmful physiologic changes attributed to stress or to reduce harmful behaviors. In some cases, such as with biofeedback, they may also result in beneficial physiologic changes. Treatments such as meditation, biofeedback, hypnosis, guided imagery, and others have been evaluated in the treatment of skin disease and have shown some benefits. Although randomized controlled trials are limited, these interventions have shown beneficial effects on itching, psychosocial outcomes, and even skin severity. These interventions have been evaluated in diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, trichotillomania, and others. Given the potential benefits, improvements in psychosocial outcomes, and a low risk profile, referral to qualified practitioners or multidisciplinary clinics should be considered for some patients.
Uso de medicamentos e interações medicamentosas em pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise
Authors: Campos Fernanda , Kleibert Karine Raquel Uhdich , Pretto Carolina Renz , Klein Kelly Barros , Stumm Eniva Miladi Fernandes , Colet Christiane De Fátima
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é uma doença que pode levar a morte, e geralmente o paciente necessita de um tratamento de substituição da função renal, a hemodiálise. Associada a esta os pacientes necessitam de tratamento farmacológico. O objetivo foi identificar os medicamentos prescritos, investigar o processo de automedicação e identificar as potenciais interações medicamentosas em pacientes submetidos a hemodiálise. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo e transversal, através de uma entrevista estruturada com perguntas abertas e fechadas, aos pacientes cadastrados e acompanhados pelo serviço de nefrologia do Hospital de Caridade de Ijuí e Clínica de Diálise de Santo Ângelo. Resultados: Os pacientes são em sua maioria do sexo masculino, idosos com média de idade 59 anos, e baixo nível de escolaridade. A média de medicamentos utilizados foi de 5,92±3,44, a eritropoietina (58,15%) e o cálcio (39,13%) foram os medicamentos mais usados. A automedicação foi mais frequente em relação a medicamentos utilizados para dor de cabeça (41,3%). A média de interações medicamentosas foi de 2,16±2,65, e a interação mais frequente foi enalapril/furosemida (16,34%), foram encontradas potenciais interações medicamentosas que podem prejudicar ainda mais os rins. Discussão: O perfil de medicamentos apresentou-se semelhantes a outros estudos. Observou-se, assim como em outros estudos, a presença de potenciais interações medicamentosas e polimedicação nessa população.  Conclusões: esses pacientes, além de serem polimedicados, praticam a automedicação e estão suscetíveis as reações adversas decorrente desses e das interações medicamentosas.
Perfil farmacoterapêutico e o uso de medicamentos potencialmente inadequados entre idosos em Marabá – PA
Authors: Procópio Gabriel Brito , Andrade Lino Afonso Canelas de , Campos Ana Cristina Viana
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: analisar o perfil farmacoterapêutico e o uso de medicamentos potencialmente inadequados entre idosos da área de abrangência da Primeira Igreja Batista em Novo Horizonte, Marabá – PA. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo exploratório realizado com 70 idosos. A classificação dos medicamentos em grupos foi realizada utilizando-se a Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical System Classification. Para seleção de medicamentos potencialmente inadequadas em idosos utilizamos o Screening Tool of Older Persons' potentially inappropriate Prescriptions. Resultados: A maioria dos idosos era do sexo feminino (59,7%), com média de idade em 73,8 anos (±9,0), escolaridade de ensino fundamental (56,5%). Dos 228 medicamentos distribuídos entre os 62 idosos, o uso médio foi de 3,7 (±2,1) medicamentos por idoso. Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram os anti-hipertensivos, tais como: Losartana Potássica (8,33%), Atenalol (3,95%) e Besilato de Anlodipino (3,51%). Os fármacos potencialmente inadequados para indicação em idosos, são: Glibenclamida, Ácido Acetilsalicílico, analgésico, antitérmico e a Nimisulida. Conclusão: A utilização de ferramentas em ações para a detecção de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados, procedimentos e rotinas explícitas para a revisão de medicamentos devem ser adotados para investigação precípua em populações idosas.
Perfil Educacional de Idosos de um Município do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Cardoso Sandra Maria De Mello , Rodrigues Andressa Peripolli , De Brum Zaleia Prado , Machado Mariéli Terezinha Krampe , Sperling Sara Gallert
Published: November 2021

Objetivos: verificar a escolaridade dos idosos de uma Estratégia Saúde da Família e investigar a inclusão digital desses idosos. Método: pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa e descritiva. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisadas pela análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: do total de 10 idosos, em relação ao estudo, foi identificado um analfabeto e os demais estudaram de um a cinco anos. Nenhum deles acessa as redes sociais e todos dependem de alguma ajuda para utilizar o cartão bancário. Conclusão: foi possível observar a importância da educação e da inclusão digital voltada para a população idosa para promoção da interação social, estimulação mental e bem-estar, reduzindo o risco de isolamento social.
Internações por Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis dos Sistemas Musculoesquelético e Nervoso no envelhecimento
Authors: Bolson Moro Mariane Inês , Franco Dalenogare Jéssica , Timm Marques Clandio , Alves Carvalho de Miranda Fernanda
Published: November 2021

Introdução: As transformações sociais e econômicas que o Brasil vem passando acabam por alterar também o perfil da incidência de doenças e as causas de internação hospitalar. A alteração também ocorre sobre a expectativa de vida, que aumenta, repercutindo no processo de envelhecimento. Em países que se encontram em transição epidemiológica, como este, pode estar associado à maior prevalência e incidência de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT). Com isso, torna-se relevante analisar o curso destas doenças com vistas à aplicação de políticas preventivas e planejamento assistencial. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar o comportamento da série histórica das internações por DCNT que acometem o sistema musculoesquelético e o sistema nervoso segundo registro de Autorização de Internação Hospitalar (AIH) em Hospital Escola do sul do país, por grupos etários no processo de envelhecimento, com base na perspectiva de Sahrmann (2014), destacando as DCNT do sistema musculoesquelético e sistema nervoso. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, de agregados de séries temporais com dados secundários publicados pelo Ministério da Saúde de forma online pelo DATASUS. Resultados: Foi possível observar que há um maior número de internações por DCNT dos sistemas musculoesquelético e nervoso nas faixas etárias mais jovens. Considerações finais: O padrão de maior número das internações nas faixas etárias iniciais em comparação com as faixas etárias mais velhas, implica na veracidade de que o modelo de sistema do movimento humano apresentado por Sahrmann pode ser um dos caminhos para mais estudos sobre a prevalência de DCNT no envelhecimento.
ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DA SÍFILIS MATERNA E CONGÊNITA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Mamede Lorenna Rocha Lobo e Silva , Silva Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro , Almeida Rogério José de
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Analisar as características sociodemográficas e assistenciais da sífilis materna e da sífilis congênita no mundo. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura com amostra final de 25 artigos nacionais e internacionais levantados junto ao PubMed e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Os artigos foram selecionados segundo os critérios do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Resultados: Os dados coletados dos 25 artigos selecionados, totalizaram 48.686 gestantes diagnosticadas com sífilis materna e 22.349 gestantes com desfecho de sífilis congênita. O perfil sociodemográfico foi de gestantes não brancas, de faixa etária entre 20 e 29 anos e de baixa escolaridade. Os dados assistenciais demonstram falhas na assistência pré-natal, 71,6% das gestantes com desfecho de sífilis congênita realizou o pré-natal, 65,4% tiveram os testes treponêmicos ignorados e mais de 50%  não receberam o tratamento ou foi inadequado. Vários artigos citaram a dificuldade por parte das gestantes no acesso à serviços de saúde. Conclusão: O presente estudo evidenciou a importância de se demonstrar os percursos epidemiológicos da sífilis materna e da sífilis congênita no mundo, sendo ambos marcadores relevantes da qualidade de assistência a gestantes, servindo de alerta ao poder público para elaboração de estratégias de resolução integrada.
Relação entre insatisfação da imagem corporal e o risco de transtornos alimentares em universitárias da área da saúde
Authors: Pereira Mara Dantas , Pereira Míria Dantas , Fontes Tereza Ambrósio , Silva Gardênia Gomes Iaghi da , Costa Cleberson Franclin Tavares
Published: November 2021

O objetivo foi analisar a relação entre a insatisfação da imagem corporal e a prevalência de risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em universitárias da área da saúde, em uma correlação com o estado nutricional. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo com delineamento transversal. A amostra foi constituída por 128 estudantes da área da saúde de uma universidade privada. Foram utilizados os instrumentos, Teste de Atitude Alimentar (EAT-26) e Escala de Satisfação de Imagem Corporal (ESIC). Destaca-se que diante dos resultados do EAT-26 e ESIC, as estudantes de Nutrição apresentaram maior insatisfação com a imagem corporal, o que pode ser evidenciados pelas afirmativas: fico apavorada por estar engordando (16,1%) e estar acima do meu peso me deprime (19,6%). Foi possível concluir o acometimento de comportamentos alimentares anormais entre universitárias de Nutrição.
Processos criativos remotos em teatro: Um diálogo entre a Análise Ativa de Stanislavski e o RPG
Authors: Leite Martha Dias da Cruz , Compadre Vitor Hugo Moreira Lima
Published: November 2021

O texto apresenta os resultados de pesquisa que investigou procedimentos metodológicos para criação de uma peça de teatro virtual, a partir do diálogo entre a Análise Ativa de Stanislavski e elementos do RPG. Discute conceitos teóricos, descreve os caminhos metodológicos adotados e, por fim, tece uma reflexão sobre o processo de criação cênica em formato remoto. A reflexão busca evidenciar que, ainda que experiência do teatro virtual não possa ser simetrizada ao teatro presencial, o teatro virtual possui potência para ser mais do que uma alternativa emergencial de produção cênica em contexto pandêmico, agregando possibilidades formais dentro do grande rol de experiências que se entende por teatro contemporâneo.
Teachers’ Organizations Responses to COVID-19 in Canada: Balancing Resistance, Rapprochement, and Renewal
Authors: Osmond-Johnson Pamela , Fuhrmann Lucrécia
Published: November 2021

Teacher federations are often criticized as “roadblocks” to educational change. It is arguable, however, that their advocacy work has been paramount in securing safer return to school conditions across Canadian Educational jurisdictions. Utilizing Carter et al. (2010) framework of union responses to changing policy environments, this paper draws on publicly available documents and social media posts from March through to October of 2020 to examine the ways in which teacher unions in various Canadian contexts have responded to the issue of school reopening plans amid the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the paper analyzes the extent to which Canadian teacher unions have been able to move into the realm of union renewal as a means of building internal capacity and developing external networks to strengthen their public advocacy work.
“I Think of my Classroom as a Place of Healing”: Experiences of Indigenous Students in a Community-Based Master of Education Program in Saskatchewan
Authors: Oloo James Alan , Relland Michael
Published: November 2021

An increase in the number of Indigenous teachers and education administrators is an important way to help improve Indigenous educational outcomes. However, while Indigenous teacher education programs in western Canada are registering increasing enrolments, master of education programs that prioritize Indigenous perspectives and pedagogies are rare in Canada. Using conversational method, this study examines experiences of six Indigenous students in a community-based master of education program that is a first of its kind in western Canada. The program is delivered by an Indigenous institution in partnership with a public university. The study is grounded in an Indigenous paradigm, namely, the Nehinuw (Cree) concepts of teaching and learning. Content analysis of data revealed five themes and sub-themes: (a) self-doubt; (b) a feeling of guilt as a result of family-work-school conflict; (c) self-advocacy; (d) re/connection with self, culture, and heritage; and (e) professional transformation. In general, a master of education degree is a requirement for educational administration positions including vice principal, principal, and superintendent. Understanding and acting upon the kinds of strategies that could enhance the success of Indigenous students in graduate programs is a key policy step in addressing the existing gaps in educational attainment between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians.
The concept of cultural systems: problems and prospects
Authors: Bogdanova Mirra  Vitalyevna
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The subject of research in this paper is a range of cross-disciplinary problems related to the concept of "cultural system". Examination is conducted on the existing culturological approaches towards the definition of cultural systems; the question is raised on the appropriateness of using this concept in analyzing the spheres of human activity that are not traditionally associated with the concept of “culture”. The author dwells on the mathematics, medicine and religion, proving the effectiveness of culturological research of these spheres of life as the cultural systems. The theoretical and methodological framework is based on the concept of systematicity of culture. This article employs the analytical, comparative, and semiotic methods. The following conclusions are made: 1) any cultural system, besides its specific components, includes the general cultural components that typical to all cultural systems that are part of the single complex  of “culture” and are not specific to its separate cultural systems; 2) the number of cultural systems determined within the culture largely depends on the research perspective, and is virtually limitless. The author’s special contribution, which also determines the scientific novelty of this article, lies in the proposed model of interaction of various cultural systems within a single culture.
Sumoylation of the human histone H4 tail inhibits p300-mediated transcription by RNA polymerase II in cellular extracts
Authors: Leonen Calvin Jon A , Shimada Miho , Weller Caroline E , Nakadai Tomoyoshi , Hsu Peter L , Tyson Elizabeth L , Mishra Arpit , Shelton Patrick MM , Sadilek Martin , Hawkins R David , Zheng Ning , Roeder Robert G , Chatterjee Champak
Published: November 2021

The post-translational modification of histones by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein has been associated with gene regulation, centromeric localization, and double-strand break repair in eukaryotes. Although sumoylation of histone H4 was specifically associated with gene repression, this could not be proven due to the challenge of site-specifically sumoylating H4 in cells. Biochemical crosstalk between SUMO and other histone modifications, such as H4 acetylation and H3 methylation, that are associated with active genes also remains unclear. We addressed these challenges in mechanistic studies using an H4 chemically modified at Lys12 by SUMO-3 (H4K12su) and incorporated into mononucleosomes and chromatinized plasmids for functional studies. Mononucleosome-based assays revealed that H4K12su inhibits transcription-activating H4 tail acetylation by the histone acetyltransferase p300, as well as transcription-associated H3K4 methylation by the extended catalytic module of the Set1/COMPASS (complex of proteins associated with Set1) histone methyltransferase complex. Activator- and p300-dependent in vitro transcription assays with chromatinized plasmids revealed that H4K12su inhibits both H4 tail acetylation and RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Finally, cell-based assays with a SUMO-H4 fusion that mimics H4 tail sumoylation confirmed the negative crosstalk between histone sumoylation and acetylation/methylation. Thus, our studies establish the key role for histone sumoylation in gene silencing and its negative biochemical crosstalk with active transcription-associated marks in human cells.
Rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection using quantitative peptide enrichment LC-MS analysis
Authors: Hober Andreas , Tran-Minh Khue Hua , Foley Dominic , McDonald Thomas , Vissers Johannes PC , Pattison Rebecca , Ferries Samantha , Hermansson Sigurd , Betner Ingvar , Uhlén Mathias , Razavi Morteza , Yip Richard , Pope Matthew E , Pearson Terry W , Andersson Leigh N , Bartlett Amy , Calton Lisa , Alm Jessica J , Engstrand Lars , Edfors Fredrik
Published: November 2021

Reliable, robust, large-scale molecular testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential for monitoring the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We have developed a scalable analytical approach to detect viral proteins based on peptide immuno-affinity enrichment combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This is a multiplexed strategy, based on targeted proteomics analysis and read-out by LC-MS, capable of precisely quantifying and confirming the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) swab media from combined throat/nasopharynx/saliva samples. The results reveal that the levels of SARS-CoV-2 measured by LC-MS correlate well with their correspondingreal-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) read-out (r = 0.79). The analytical workflow shows similar turnaround times as regular RT-PCR instrumentation with a quantitative read-out of viral proteins corresponding to cycle thresholds (Ct) equivalents ranging from 21 to 34. Using RT-PCR as a reference, we demonstrate that the LC-MS-based method has 100% negative percent agreement (estimated specificity) and 95% positive percent agreement (estimated sensitivity) when analyzing clinical samples collected from asymptomatic individuals with a Ct within the limit of detection of the mass spectrometer (Ct ≤ 30). These results suggest that a scalable analytical method based on LC-MS has a place in future pandemic preparedness centers to complement current virus detection technologies.
Omsorg til siste livsfase for yngre personer med demens: Omsorg som fremmer livskvalitet?
Authors: Thorsen Kirsten , Johannessen Aud
Published: November 2021

Yngre personer med demens (< 65 år) har andre erfaringer og behov enn eldre personer med demens. God hjelp i tidlige faser kan være til liten hjelp senere. Aleneboende yngre personer med demens vil være særlig sårbare ved svikt i offentlig hjelp og manglende tilpasning til deres behov. Fagartikkelen drøfter erfaringer med demenssykdommen og bistandsbehov i ulike demensfaser ut fra en femårig narrativ forløpsstudie blant 10 aleneboende yngre personer med demens, med vekt på siste fase. Demensutviklingen utdypes ved fortellingen til Elsa. Alene lever hun med angst, depresjon og ensomhet, men støttekontakt fungerer godt for henne. I sykehjem opplever hun vitalisering, engasjement, deltakelse og mening. Økende demenssymptomer fører til at Elsa trekker seg tilbake og opplever avstand til de eldre beboerne. Hun føler seg glemt av personalet – ingen «ser henne» eller imøtekommer hennes hjelpebehov. I siste demensfase etterspør Elsa personlig omsorg, bekreftelse, adekvat bistand og lydhør identitetsstøtte, som er helt sentralt for god livskvalitet.
Incidence and clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer among multi-ethnic patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a hospital-based retrospective analysis over two decades
Authors: Muhammad Nawawi Khairul Najmi , Mokhtar Norfilza M. , Wong Zhiqin , Mohd Azman Zairul Azwan , Hsin Chew Deborah Chia , Rehir Rasyidah , Leong Jocelyn , Ismail Fuad , Mohamed Rose Isa , Yaacob Yazmin , Abdul Hamid Hamzaini , Sagap Ismail , Raja Ali Raja Affendi
Published: November 2021

Background

The incidence rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Asian countries is increasing. Furthermore, recent studies have shown a concerning rise in the incidence of CRC among younger patients aged less than 50 years. This study aimed to analyze the incidence trends and clinicopathological features in patients with early-onset CRC (EOCRC) and later-onset CRC (at age ≥ 50 years).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 946 patients with CRC diagnosed from 1997 to 2017 at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. The time trend was assessed by dividing the two decades into four 5-year periods. The mean age-standardized and age-specific incidence rates were calculated by using the 5-year cumulative population of Kuala Lumpur and World Health Organization standard population. The mean incidence was expressed per 100,000 person-years.

Results

After a stable (all age groups) CRC incidence rate during the first decade (3.00 per 100,000 and 3.85 per 100,000), it sharply increased to 6.12 per 100,000 in the 2008–2012 period before decreasing to 4.54 per 100,000 in the 2013–2017 period. The CRC incidence trend in later-onset CRC showed a decrease in the 2013–2017 period. Contrariwise, for age groups of 40–44 and 45–49 years, the trends showed an increase in the latter 15 years of the study period (40–44 years: 1.44 to 1.92 to 2.3 per 100,000; 45–49 years: 2.87 to 2.94 to 4.01 per 100,000). Malays’ EOCRC incidence rate increased from 2008–2012 to 2013–2017 for both the age groups 40–44 years (1.46 to 2.89 per 100,000) and 45–49 years (2.73 to 6.51 per 100,000). Nearly one-fifth of EOCRC cases were diagnosed at an advanced stage (Dukes D: 19.9%), and the majority of them had rectal cancer (72.8%).

Conclusion

The incidence of EOCRC increased over the period 1997–2017; the patients were predominantly Malays, diagnosed at a later stage, and with cancer commonly localized in the rectal region. All the relevant stakeholders need to work on the management and prevention of CRC in Malaysia.
Prediction of Clinical Requirement of Tocilizumab Injection in COVID-19 Patients with High Chest CT Severity Score- A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Sheth Megha Maulik , Rana Yashpal , Patel Dinesh , Ghai Anshul , Pate Samir , Garachh Milin , Shah Pinkesh , Patel Krutika
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic has spread rapidly across the globe. Tocilizumab is a recombinant monoclonal antibody to Interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor. An increasing number of studies across the world is reporting the use of tocilizumab in treating COVID-19 patients or at risk of developing cytokine storm. Apart from clinical and laboratory parameters, High Resolution Computed Tomographic (HRCT) chest scan is a promising tool to identify patients very early in the course of COVID-19 disease. Aim: To find whether high chest CT Severity Score (CTSS) on HRCT thorax scan predict the clinical requirement of tocilizumab injection in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, during the period from May 2020 to July, 2020, 250 patients with confirmed Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) diagnosed with COVID-19 in first or repeat sample and who also underwent HRCT scan of the chest, were assigned chest CTSS. From the data obtained, patients were categorised into two groups based on mild and severe CTSS. Patients with higher CTSS have a higher future possibility of developing the cytokine storm and hence the requirement of tocilizumab can be reliably predicted. All statistical analysis was performed in IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Out of a total of 250 patients, 72 patients were given tocilizumab injection. The average CTSS was 29.8±6.38 in the tocilizumab injection group. Only 8% of patients with mild CTSS received tocilizumab injection while 60% of patients with severe CTSS received tocilizumab injection (p<0.001). Out of 72 patients who received tocilizumab injection, 16.7% had mild CTSS while 83.3% had severe CTSS (p<0.001). Average values of inflammatory markers like C-Reactive Protein (CRP), D-Dimer, Ferritin, Lactic De-Hydrogenase (LDH), and IL-6; were significantly higher in severe CTSS and tocilizumab group (p<0.001). Conclusion: CTSS may be used as a new decisive tool in triaging in-hospital COVID-19 patients. Categorising patients in mild and severe CTSS early in the disease course, even before the marked worsening of laboratory parameters and development of cytokine storm may help initiate early treatment and thereby save many lives.