bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AIDS NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS: PERFIL DE CASOS E ANÁLISE DE TENDÊNCIA DA EPIDEMIA
Authors: Brandão Lima Alves Amanda Munique , Cabral Moraes Gabriela , De Aleluia Júnior Edson José , Cerqueira De Santana Letícia Cerqueira De Santana , Arlan Giovelli Alexandre , Dias Monteiro Lorena
Published: August 2022

Introdução: A AIDS é um grave problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil e a tendência da epidemia da AIDS no estado do Tocantins no período de 2008 a 2018. Metodologia: Estudo ecológico de série temporal baseado em dados epidemiológicos de AIDS oriundos do Ministério da Saúde. A análise de tendência incluiu modelos de regressão de Poisson por pontos de inflexão. Resultados: No período, foram notificados 2.182 casos de AIDS. Houve significativo aumento na incidência de AIDS no período de 2008 a 2018 na população geral (AAPC: 3,1; IC:0,2 a 6,0), população masculina (AAPC: 5,7; IC: 3,2 a 8,2) e proporção de casos por transmissão vertical (AAPC: 13,8; IC: 6,4 a 21,7). No mesmo período, houve queda significativa na incidência em crianças (AAPC: -7,2; IC: - 13,9 a -0,0), na proporção de casos em brancos (AAPC: -10,1; IC: -15,6 a -4,2), negros (AAPC: -12,0; IC: -19,9 a -3,3) pardos (AAPC: -8,0; IC: -12,2 a -3,6) e baixa escolaridade (AAPC: -15,6; IC: -19,6 a -11,4). Conclusão: O aumento na incidência da AIDS no Tocantins requer esforços integrados dos serviços de saúde, melhor qualidade das intervenções assistenciais e intervenções sociais para redução da transmissão do vírus e, consequentemente, da AIDS.
INFECCIONES SECUNDARIAS EN PACIENTES INGRESADOS POR COVID-19 EN UN HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DE TOCANTINS, BRASIL
Authors: Barbosa Baptista Anderson
Published: August 2022

La infección hospitalaria y la resistencia a los antimicrobianos son problemas importantes de salud pública, ya que aumentan la morbilidad, la mortalidad y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Las infecciones hospitalarias secundarias ocurren durante la hospitalización o después del alta, relacionadas con el proceso infeccioso primario y el entorno hospitalario. El objetivo fue registrar casos de infección secundaria en un hospital público del estado de Tocantins. Los resultados del cultivo y del antibiograma se obtuvieron de pacientes sospechosos de estar infectados por otro agente infeccioso. Las muestras fueron recolectadas por el Laboratorio del Hospital, sembradas en medios de cultivo específicos (Mueller Hinton, MacConkey y Cromogénicos) y pruebas bioquímicas. Luego se sometieron a la prueba de concentración mínima inhibitoria (MIC). Las cepas más prevalentes fueron A. baumannii (28%) y K. pneumoniae (24%), en el tracto respiratorio y región anal (hisopado rectal). Se observó un perfil de resistencia muy complicado, presentando multi-resistencia en todas las cepas aisladas. Se necesitan estrategias de control más efectivas para reducir la circulación de estas cepas multi-resistentes, así como mejorar los procesos de antisepsia y reciclaje para los profesionales.
Determinant factors of hospital service quality and patient satisfaction: Hospital logistics management approach
Authors: Alfarizi Muhammad , Ngatindriatun
Published: August 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of private hospital logistics factors on treatment satisfaction and specialist patient satisfaction. This study has five construction dimensions of hospital logistics, namely physical accessibility, waiting time, consultation time, hospital hotel services, and administrative procedures. Quantitative explanatory studies with 297 sample size were carried out to achieve the research objectives by examining the relationship between the independent and dependent variables through online data collection questionnaires, tabulations and hypothesis analysis with SEM PLS analysis tools. This study shows significant results for all hypotheses which imply the importance of optimizing hospital logistics performance, especially in terms of the five constructs in improving service quality and patient satisfaction. Optimizing hospital logistics elements in private hospital specialist patient care is a challenge that is not easy because it requires strategic planning and proper resource management. The role of various parties, especially hospital managers and Indonesian health system policy makers, in paying attention to the operational flow of hospital logistics, especially private hospitals, in order to strengthen the private hospital service system in providing health services while running the hospital business.
El polvo urbano de las vialidades de la ciudad de méxico: un análisis espacialmente lineal de los elementos potencialmente tóxicos, propiedades magnéticas y tamaño de partículas
Authors:   Instituto de Geofísica-UNAM, Cejudo Ruiz Fredy Rubén , Goguitchaichvili Avto ,   Instituto de Geofísica-UNAM, Bautista Zúñiga Francisco ,   Instituto de Geofísica-UNAM, Cervantes-Solano Miguel Ángel ,   Instituto de Geofísica-UNAM, Mendiola López Fabiola ,   Instituto de Geofísica-UNAM, Cortés Esquivel José Luis ,   Instituto de Geofísica-UNAM, Julio Morales Juan ,   Instituto de Geofísica-UNAM, Pelcastre Sicardo Jessica Patricia ,   Instituto de Geofísica-UNAM
Published: August 2022

El polvo urbano es un reservorio de elementos potencialmente tóxicos y de partículas de diversos tamaños que representan un riesgo para la salud humana, por lo cual es importante determinar sus características. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: identificar los sitios de mayor contaminación por elementos potencialmente tóxicos, material magnético y tamaño de partícula del polvo urbano, así como evaluar la influencia de los diferentes tipos de transporte público en el polvo urbano. Seis vialidades primarias fueron seleccionadas con base en el tránsito vehicular constante durante el día, velocidad de desplazamiento promedio de 30 km/h y circulación de un solo tipo de transporte público. La muestra de polvo urbano se tomó en un área de un 1 m2 sobre la cinta asfáltica. Se determinaron tanto el contenido de elementos potencialmente tóxicos como las propiedades magnéticas y el tamaño de partícula. El polvo urbano de las vialidades de Ciudad de México tuvo concentraciones variables de Cr, Cu, Pb, V, Zn, PM10, PM2.5 y material magnético. Los elementos de mayor concentración en el polvo urbano fueron: Zn y Pb. El contenido de partículas PM10 y PM2.5 en el polvo urbano fue de 10 a 30 % del peso total de la muestra. Las áreas de mayor acumulación se ubican en cruces viales, vialidades cercanas al aeropuerto y el parque industrial.
Analytical Calculations of Quark Confinement, Linear Interaction Potential, and Net Spin in a Proton Using a Quark Rotational Model
Authors: Ishiguri Shinichi
Published: August 2022

In this study, we describe quark confinement in terms of linear interaction potentials and solve the problem of the net spin of a proton. The three quarks in a proton are assumed to revolve around a common center, and their masses are determined assuming they are Dirac particles. On the basis of these assumptions, the magnetic moment of a proton can be derived. Moreover, the rotation of the quarks is considered, in which an electrical current induces a magnetic field. Thus, the scalar product of the magnetic moment and field describes the linear interaction potential between the quarks, and the mass of the proton can be obtained. The proton mass predicted by this physical model is consistent with experimental values, and no numerical or fitting calculations are required. Furthermore, using the newly derived spins and angular momentum of the three quarks, we derived the net spin of a proton. Additionally, we predicted the mass of a pi-meson from the same model, which agrees with the experimental values.
Generalizing the Physical Time Impact on the Astronauts Living on the International Space Station to the Theory of Relativity
Authors: Karami Danial
Published: August 2022

In this research article, we are going to study the concept of the theory of relativity and after extracting the essential information, we will try to find a relation between the theory of relativity and the results we are obtaining through contemporary physics experiments. It has been investigated that traveling in time is not a dream anymore and time can pass at a different rate for some people.
The Beginning to the End of the Universe and Eternal Space-time
Authors: Ladhani Amrit
Published: August 2022

We present a cosmological model in which the Big Bang was not the beginning of space and time; there was a previous phase leading up to it, with multiple cycles of contraction and expansion that repeat indefinitely. In this paper we propose a unique property of Space-time, this particular and marvelous nature of space shows us that space can stretch, expand, and shrink. When matter comes closer to each other, the space also shrinking between them. As space shrunk it produced the pressure, which pressure stretching the Shrunk space. This property of space is causes the size of the Universe changed over time: growing or shrinking. The observed accelerated expansion, which relates the stretching of Shrunk space for the new theory, is derived. When space exponentially shrunk, it creates the pressure, which leads to stretching the shrink volume of space. As pressure of shrink space decreases, the stretching of shrunk space increases, that is although in general, decelerate in the pressure of shrink space leads to accelerate the expansion of space. The pressure of the shrunk space will cease at the certain cosmic scale, so the expansion of the Universe will eventually stop, after that a period of slow contraction will begin, thus bringing the universe back to contract to its initial state, ending in a Big Crunch. The universe will not continue to expand forever, no need however, for dark energy. The new definition of eternal space and its unique properties enables us to describe a sequence of events from the Big Bang to the Big Crunch.
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Upreti Anjeel
Published: August 2022

Convolutional neural network (CNN), a class of artificial neural network (ANN) is attracting interests of researchers in all research domain. CNN was invented for computer vision. They have also shown to be useful for semantic parsing, sentence modeling and other natural language processing related tasks. Here in this paper we discuss the basics of CNN models and their scope to provide a reference/baseline to the researchers interested in using CNN models in their research.
Type of ANCA may be Superior to Clinical Phenotype in Distinguishing Different Clinical Entities in ANCA-associated Vasculitis
Authors: Konstantouli Afroditi Maria , Lioulios Georgios , Fylaktou Asimina , Stangou Maria
Published: August 2022

The traditional nomenclature system for classifying Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV), based on clinical phenotype, described Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA) and Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) as distinct clinical entities. This classification has proved its expedience in clinical trials and every day clinical practice, yet, a substantial overlap in clinical presentation still exists, and often causes difficulties in prompt definition and clinical distinction. Additionally, new insights into the AAV pathogenesis point out that PR3 and MPO-AAV may not represent expressions of the same disease spectrum but rather two distinct disorders, as they display significant differences. Thus, it is supported that a classification based on ANCA serotype (PR3-ANCA, MPO-ANCA or ANCA-negative), could be more accurate and also closer to the nature of the disease, instead of the phenotype-based one. This review aims to elucidate the major differences between PR3 and MPO-AAV, in terms of epidemiology, pathogenesis, histological and clinical manifestations, and response to therapeutic approaches.
Determining Interannual Variability of the Annual Cycle
Authors: Zhang Meng , Von Storch Hans
Published: August 2022

We present a method to study the interannual variability of the annual cycle. The method consists of first determining the amplitude and phase of segments of 12 monthly means at all spatial points, resulting in one complex number per grid point and per year. The complex fields, once per year, are then subject to a complex EOF (CEOF) analysis. We consider as an example the barotropic stream function in the South China Sea as simulated with an ocean general circulation model across 6 decades of years, driven my realistic (NCEP) weather forcing. We find 3 to 4 to “significant” CEOFs, which account for about 53 to 62% of variance. These CEOFs go with large-scale patterns. Their time coefficients are mostly stationary, but point to some inhomogeneities related to instationarities in the forcing. In particular, the simulation since 1950-1958 deviates from the remainder of the simulation. The first CEOF describes variations in the center of the South China Sea. Its principal component describes a systematic, albeit noisy shift by almost 180o from 1960 to about the year 2000. When overlaid the long-term mean annual mean, the overall change consists of an amplification of the annual cycle in the 1960s and 1990s, whereas In the 1970s, the amplitude was reduced. Phase shifts in the anomaly (given by the CEOFs) have a small effect, because of the dominance of the mean annual cycle. These variations are not related to ENSO variability but may origin in variations of the Southeast monsoon. The second EOF represents strong changes, both in terms of intensity and phase, in the Luzon strait.
Ikaros Regulates microRNA Networks in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Kogut Sophie , Paculova Hana , Rodriguez Princess , Boyd Joseph , Richman Alyssa , Palaria Amrita , Schjerven Hilde , Frietze Seth
Published: August 2022

The hematopoietic transcription factor Ikaros (IKZF1) regulates normal B cell development and functions as a tumor suppressor in precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that through post-transcriptional gene regulation play critical roles in intracellular processes including cell growth in cancer. However, the role of Ikaros in the regulation of miRNA expression in developing B cells is unknown. In this study, we examined the Ikaros-regulated miRNA targets using patient-derived IKZF1-mutated B-ALL xenograft-derived cell lines. Inducible expression of wild-type Ikaros (the Ik1 isoform) caused B-ALL growth arrest and exit from the cell cycle. Global miRNA expression analysis revealed a total of 31 miRNAs regulated by IK1, and ChIP-seq analysis showed that Ikaros bound to several Ik1-responsive miRNA genes. Examination of the prognostic significance of miRNA expression in B-ALL indicate that the IK1-regulated miRNAs hsa-miR-26b, hsa-miR-130b and hsa-miR-4649 are significantly associated with outcome in B-ALL. Our findings establish a potential regulatory circuit between the tumor-suppressor Ikaros and the oncogenic miRNA networks in IKZF1-mutated B-ALL. These results indicate that Ikaros regulates the expression of a subset of miRNAs, of which several may contribute to B-ALL growth.
T-cytotoxic Expression of Leukocyte-Associated Immunoglobulin-like Receptor-1 (LAIR-1) in post-HCV Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hammad Reham , Aglan Reda Badr , Mohammed Shaymaa A. , Awad Eman Abu-elnasr , Elsaid Marwa A. , Bedair Hanan .M. , Khirala Seham K. , Selim Mohamed A. , Abo Elqasem Asmaa A. , Rushdi Areej , Ali Mohamed , Abo-Elkheir Omaima I , Sanad Eman F. , Hamdy Nadia M.
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim. Since virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis involves liver inflammation, therefore, post-hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection would be a cause for liver cirrhosis that would progress to HCC. Cytotoxic T cells (Tc) are known to be involved in post-HCV complications and HCC pathogenesis. The inhibitory checkpoint Leukocyte-Associated Immunoglobulin-like Receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is expressed on Tc. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether the Tc expression level of LAIR-1 is associated with HCC progression post-HCV and moreover, to evaluate LAIR-1 expression as a non-invasive biomarker for HCC progression in the context of liver cirrhosis post-HCV genotype 4 (G4) in Egyptian patients’ peripheral venous blood liquid biopsy. We studied LAIR-1 expression on Tc related to the progression of liver cirrhosis in a case-controlled study enrolled 64 patients with post-HCV G4-HCC and 37 patients with post-HCV G4-liver cirrhosis. Methods: LAIR-1 expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: LAIR-1 expression on Tc and the percentage of Tc positive for LAIR-1 (LAIR-1+Tc %) were significantly higher in the post-HCV G4-HCC group compared to the post-HCV G4-liver cirrhosis
Interpersonal Violence in Belgian Sport Today: Young Athletes Report
Authors: Vertommen Tine , Decuyper Mieke , Parent Sylvie , Pankowiak Aurélie , Woessner Mary N.
Published: August 2022

Initiatives to safeguard athletes from interpersonal violence (IV) are rapidly growing. In Belgium, the knowledge on the magnitude of IV in sport is based on one retrospective prevalence study from 2016 (n=2.043 adults), who participated in organized sport before 18 years. Data on victimization rates in current youth sport populations are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the magnitude of IV in a sample of 769 athletes (13-21 years old), using the Violence Towards Athletes Questionnaire (VTAQ). All types of IV are prevalent in this sample, ranging from 27% (sexual violence) to 79% (psychological violence and neglect). Boys reported significantly more physical violence, while girls reported significantly more sexual violence. IV perpetrated by peer athletes was reported to the same degree as IV perpetrated by a coach (70%), while IV perpetrated by a parent in the context of sport was somewhat less common, but still prevalent (48%). These findings, including factors associated with elevated exposure rates, can serve as a baseline measurement to monitor and evaluate current and future safeguarding interventions in Belgian sport.
Can Agroecology Provide a Panacea for Sustaining the Adoption of Soil Erosion Control Measures? A Case of Smallholder Coffea arabica Production in the Rwenzori Mountain Region Uganda
Authors: Tibasiima Thaddeo Kahigwa , Ekyaligonza Deus Mary , Bwambale Bosco
Published: August 2022

Agroecological approaches are increasingly recommended for providing context-specific and sustainable solutions to issues confronting farming communities by enabling consorting the socioeconomic and ecological constraints on the farm. This study is the first attempt to test this argument based on the issue with sustaining adoption of soil erosion control measures among smallholder farmers producing Coffea arabica on the Rwenzori Mountain in Uganda. Here, the adoption of soil erosion control measures remains a challenge despite the increasing efforts through conventional agricultural advisory services in local governments. We contrast the elements of agroecology with the local discourses to identify if it would provide a panacea for sustaining adoption of soil erosion control measures. Results indicate that the agroecology elements harmonize with the local discourses on soil erosion control adoption in contrast to the conventional approach promoted through the agricultural advisory services. Drawing conclusions on the implication of this finding, we argue that, indeed, consideration of the agroecology elements at all stages in the process of soil erosion control would foster sustained adoption of soil erosion control measures.
The Mental Health of Young Return Migrants with Ancestral Roots in Their Destination Country: A Cross-Sectional Study Focusing on the Ethnic Identities of Japanese-Brazilian High School Students Living in Japan
Authors: Fukui Eriko , Uchino Takashi , Onozaka Masunari , Kawashimo Takashi , Iwai Momoko , Takubo Youji , Maruyama Akiko , Miura Sachio , Sekizaki Ryo , Mizuno Masafumi , Katagiri Naoyuki , Tsujino Naohisa , Nemoto Takahiro
Published: August 2022

Background: The number of young Japanese Brazilians, who are return migrants with Japanese ancestral roots, is increasing rapidly in Japan. However, the characteristics of their mental health and the relation between mental health and a complex ethnic identity remains unclear. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared 25 Japanese-Brazilian high school students with 62 Japanese high school students living in the same area. Research using self-report questionnaires on mental health, help-seeking behavior tendencies, and ethnic identity was conducted. The Japanese-Brazilian group was also divided into high and low ethnic identity groups, and their mental health conditions were compared. Results: The Japanese-Brazilian group had significantly poorer mental health conditions and lower ethnic identities than the Japanese group and were less likely to seek help from family members and close relatives. Among the Japanese Brazilians, those with low ethnic identity had significantly poorer mental health than those with high ethnic identity. Conclusions: Young Japanese Brazilians may face conflicts of ethnic identity that can disturb their mental health. To build an inclusive society, the establishment of community services to support mental health and to help return migrants develop their ethnic identity is essential.
Ambient Light Conveying Reliability Improves Drivers’ Takeover Performance without Increasing Mental Workload
Authors: Figalová Nikol , Chuang Lewis , Pichen Jürgen , Baumann Martin , Pollatos Olga
Published: August 2022

Drivers of L3 automated vehicles (AVs) are not required to continuously monitor the AV system. However, they must be prepared to take over when requested. Therefore, it is necessary to design an in-vehicle environment that allows drivers to adapt their levels of preparedness to the likelihood of control transition. This study evaluates ambient in-vehicle lighting that continuously communicates the current level of AV reliability, specifically on how it could influence drivers' take-over performance and mental workload (MW). We conducted an experiment in a driving simulator with 42 participants who experienced 10 take-over requests (TORs). The experimental group experienced a four-stage ambient light display that communicated the current level of AV reliability, which was not provided to the control group. The experimental group demonstrated better take-over performance, based on lower vehicle jerks. Notably, perceived MW did not differ between the groups, and the EEG indices of MW (frontal theta power, parietal alpha power, Task-Load Index) did not differ between the groups. These findings suggest that communicating the current level of reliability using ambient light might help drivers be better prepared for TORs and perform better without increasing their MW.
The Uncertainty Principle and the Minimal Space-Time Length Element
Authors: Escors David , Kochan And Grazyna
Published: August 2022

Quantum gravity theories rely on a minimal measurable length for their formulations, which clashes with the classical formulation of the uncertainty principle and with Lorentz invariance from general relativity. These incompatibilities led to the development of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) from string theories and its various modifications. GUP and covariant formulations of the uncertainty principle are discussed, together with implications for space-time quantization.
Glutamate Rescues Altered Mitochondrial Function Following Recurrent Low Glucose in Hypothalamic But not Cortical Primary Rat Astrocytes
Authors: Weightman Potter Paul Graham , Ellacott Kate L J , Randall Andrew , Beall Craig
Published: August 2022

Recurrent hypoglycaemia, a common side-effect of insulin therapy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, induces impaired glucose-sensing. Better understanding of how astrocytes, important non-neuronal cells in the brain, function in low glucose environments may improve our understanding of recurrent hypoglycaemia-induced defective counterregulation. Astrocytes contribute to glutamatergic signalling, which is required for hypoglycaemia counterregulation and is impaired by recurrent insulin-induced hypoglcyaemia. This study examined the glutamate response of astrocytes when challenged with acute and recurrent low glucose (RLG) exposure. The metabolic responses of cortical (CRTAS) and hypothalamic (HTAS) primary rat astrocytes were measured in acute and recurrent low glucose using extracellular flux analyses. RLG caused mitochondrial adaptations in both HTAS and CRTAS, many of which were attenuated by glutamate exposure during low glucose treatments. We observed an increase in capacity of HTAS to metabolise glutamine after RLG exposure. Demonstrating astrocytic heterogeneity in the response to LG, CRTAS increased cellular acidification, a marker of glycolysis in LG, whereas this decreased in HTAS. The directional change in intracellular Ca2+ levels of each cell type, correlated with the change in extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) during LG. Further examination of glutamate-induced Ca2+ responses in low glucose treated CRTAS and HTAS identified sub-populations of glucose-excited- and glucose-inhibited-like cells with differing responses to glutamate. Lastly, release of the gliotransmitter ATP by HTAS was elevated by RLG, both with and without concurrent glutamate exposure. Therefore, hypothalamic astrocytes adapt to RLG by increasing glutamate uptake and oxidation in a manner that attenuates RLG-induced mitochondrial adaptations.
Weak Lensing, Hawking Radiation and Greybody Factor Bound by a Charged Black Holes with Nonlinear Electrodynamics Corrections
Authors: Javed Wajiha , Atique Mehak , Pantig Reggie , Övgün Ali
Published: August 2022

In this work, we study gravitational lensing in the weak field limits and the shadow by charged black holes in non-linear electrodynamics corrections. To find the deflection angle in vacuum (non-plasma) up to the leading order terms, we compute the optical Gaussian curvature from optical metric and utilize the Gauss-Bonnet theorem by applying Gibbons and Werner’s technique. Also, we derive the bending angle in plasma and dark matter mediums and observe that the bending angle increases by increasing the effects of these mediums. Further, in vacuum and plasma mediums, we investigate the graphical behavior of the bending angle with respect to the impact parameter u and notice that the bending angle exponentially decreases. Moreover, we calculate the Hawking temperature using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem and compare it with a standard method of computing the Hawking temperature. Furthermore, we investigate the bound of the greybody factor and graphically examine that bound converges to the 1. We relate our obtained results with the results of black holes given in the literature. Finally, we have considered exploring the effect of NLED, plasma, and dark matter on the black hole’s shadow radius to broaden the study’s scope. Results for the shadow indicate that the three parameters give different deviations to the shadow radius. Interestingly, while plasma affects both the photonsphere and shadow, dark matter only influences the shadow.
A Novel Trajectory Planning Method for Parafoil Airdrop System Based on Geometric Segmentation Strategy
Authors: Gao Haitao , Tao Jin
Published: August 2022

Reasonable trajectory planning is the precondition for the parafoil airdrop system to achieve autonomous accurate homing and safe landing. In order to successfully realize the self-homing of the parafoil airdrop system, a new trajectory optimization design scheme is proposed in this paper. The scheme is based on the parafoil's unique flight and control characteristics and adopts a segmented homing design. Compared with the current common trajectory design method, its core feature is to avoid the problem that the straight-line flight distance before landing is limited by the radius of the height-reducing area and ensure landing accuracy and safety. Firstly, the different starting states of the parafoil airdrop system and the landing requirements were comprehensively considered, and the homing trajectory is reasonably segmented. Based on the requirements of energy control, stable flight, and landing accuracy, the optimal objective function of the trajectory was established, and the trajectory parameters, calculation methods, and constraints were given. Secondly, the cuckoo search algorithm was applied to optimize the objective function to obtain the final home trajectory. Finally, the trajectory planning under different airdrop conditions was simulated and verified. The results showed that the planned trajectories could reach the target point accurately and meet the flight direction requirements, proving the proposed scheme's correctness and feasibility.
Integrating Middle East and North Africa Unaccompanied Minors Refugees and Asylum Seekers through Mentoring: Exploring Eu-Based Research to Inform Future Applications in Portugal
Authors: Carolo Dora , Gouveia Susana , Lebre Paula
Published: August 2022

In 2015, an increased migration movement into Europe generated a European Refugee Crisis. Adolescents often migrate unaccompanied by a caregiver and face particular risk during the different phases of migration. Recently, Portugal hosted the fourth highest number of Middle East and North Africa unaccompanied minors (UM) among EU countries. Thus, it is relevant to explore peer reviewed interventions among EU state members to inform the development of future Portuguese-based programs aiming to support the integration of these citizens. This review aimed to analyse mentoring as a relevant integration tool for UM refugees arriving to Portugal. Mentoring was identified as low-cost strategy with low to moderate positive results for youth at risk of developing psychological, social, and behavioural problems. Mentoring is starting to gain momentum within the EU countries receiving more refugee citizens integrated into the EU relocation program. This review can inform social education technicians and the staff involved in the Portuguese refugee relocation program and encourage the discussion on the creation of Portuguese-based mentoring programs for the studied population.
Population-Based Disparities in U.S. Urban Heat Exposure from 2003 – 2018
Authors: Johnson Daniel P. Patrick
Published: August 2022

Previous studies have shown, in the United States (U.S.), that non-White communities are exposed to significantly higher temperatures in urban environments than complementary White populations. Studies highlighting this disparity have usually been cross-sectional and are therefore “snapshots” in time. Using surface urban heat island (SUHI) intensity data, U.S. Census 2020 population counts, and a measure of residential segregation, this study performs a comparative analysis between census tracts identified as prevalent for White, Black, Hispanic and Asian populations and their thermal exposure from 2003 – 2018. The analysis concentrates on the top 200 most populous U.S. cities. SUHI intensity is shown to be increasing through time for all examined tracts. However, the increase is only statistically significant for White and Black prevalent zones. There is a 1.25K to ~2.00K higher degree of thermal exposure on average for non-White relative to White prevalent areas. When examined on an inter-city basis, White and Black prevalent tracts had the largest disparity, as measured by SUHI intensity, in New Orleans, LA, USA by < 6.00K. Hispanic (>7.00K) and Asian (<6.75K) prevalent tracts were greatest in intensity in San Jose, CA, USA. To further explore temporal patterns, two models were developed using a Bayesian hierarchical spatial temporal framework. One models the effect of varying the percentages of each population group relative to SUHI intensity within all examined tracts. Increases in percentages of Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations contributed to statistically significant increases in SUHI intensity. White increases in population percentage lowered SUHI temperature intensity. Throughout all modeled tracts, there is a statistically significant 0.01K per year average increase in SUHI intensity. A second model tests the effect of residential segregation on thermal inequity across all examined cities. Residential segregation, indeed, has a statistically significant positive association with SUHI intensity from this portion of the analysis. Similarly, there is a statistically significant 0.01K increase in average SUHI intensity per year for all cities. Results from this study can be used to guide and prioritize intervention strategies and furthers urgency related to social, climatic, and environmental justice concerns.
A Kirkpatrick Model Process Evaluation of Reactions and Learning from My Strengths Training for Life™
Authors: Quinton Mary L. , Tidmarsh Grace , Parry Benjamin J. , Cumming Jennifer
Published: August 2022

Underpinned by the new world Kirkpatrick model and in the context of a community-based, sport psychology program (My Strengths Training for Life™) for young people experiencing homelessness, this process evaluation investigated: (1) young peoples’ reactions (program and facilitator evaluation, enjoyment, attendance, and engagement) to and learning (mental skills and transfer intention), (2) the relationship between reaction and learning variables, and (3) the mediators underpinning this relationship. 301 young people living in a West Midlands housing service completed questionnaires on demographics, reaction and learning variables. Higher levels of program engagement were positively associated with more favorable reactions to the program. Enjoyment positively predicted learning outcomes, which was mediated by transfer intention. Recommendations are made for: (1) a balance between rigor and flexibility for evaluation methods with disadvantaged youth, (2) including engagement as well as attendance for indicators of meaningful program participation, (3) measuring program experiences (e.g., enjoyment) to understand program effectiveness, and (4) providing opportunities for skill transfer during and after program participation. Findings have implications for researchers, program commissioners, and policy makers working designing and evaluating programs in community-based settings.
Medium-Long Term Impacts of Antiretroviral Drugs on Arterial Blood Pressure in People Living with HIV in Malawi
Authors: SAGNO JEAN BAPTISTE
Published: August 2022

Medium-Long term impacts of Antiretroviral drugs on arterial blood pressure in people living with HIV in Malawi.SAGNO Jean Bpatiste2, Loenardo Palombi1 , Giuseppe Liotta1, Victor T Tolno2, Sangare H Mamary2, Jere Haswel 2.1= University of Tor vergata Roma, 2= Dream Health center MalawiKey Words: HIV, hypertension ABSTRACTIntroduction: We aimed to explore the medium-long term impacts of Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) on Hypertension in a sample of HIV-positive in Malawi. Methodology: This was a retrospective case control study carried out at DREAM health Centre in Blantyre/Malawi on patients who were enrolled from 2005 to 2019, Information about age, gender, blood pressure, ART regimen, BMI, CD4 count, Viral load, Biochemistry, hemoglobin, marital status, education level, survival and period on ARVs were retrieved from data base from 01/01/2006 to 31/12/2015.. In total, we enrolled (alive and on HAART)1350 patients > 18 years (mean age: 43.4 and the SD was ±10.7 with 1031 (65.9%) females and 534 (34.1%) males who were taking (or have taken) ARVs for more than 6 months at the date of enrollment and who were not affected by hypertension or potentially related diseases like Renal failure at the enrollment. The mean observation time, from the HAART initiation was 77 months per person (SD±40). Results: The sample was made up by two groups of patients, 675 who developed hypertension and 675 who did not, with similar age and gender composition. Among patients with hypertension, 30/675 (4.4%) developed a stage 3 hypertension, 154 a stage 2 (22.8%) and 491 a stage 1 (72.8%). Hypertension stages were not associated to statistic significant differences of age and/or gender ( p=0.422, p=0.281 respectively). At baseline, patients who developed hypertension showed higher hemoglobin, higher CD4 count and lower VL ( P<0.001). Patients on AZT-based regimen and TDF based regimen were at high risk to develop hypertension while PI-based regimen was protective to hypertension (P<0.001). In a multivariate analysis, factors independently associated to Hypertension were higher CD4 count and Body Mass Index at the visit date, while Baseline Viral Load and PI-Including regimes were protective factors. Education level was inversely associated with risk of hypertension, while being married was associated of risk of hypertension (p<0.001). Mortality rate among hypertensive patients was 1.6% for those treated for hypertension against the 3.6% for those not treated. Conclusion: this study shows a protective action of PI-including regimens compared with AZT based regimen that is associated to an increased risk of hypertension. Factors related to a better general health status are associated to an higher risk of hypertension as well as lower education, older age and male gender. Treatment should be started as soon as Hypertension stages 2-3 are reached and control by behavioral factors is no longer effective.
Frequency and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Streptococcus Agalactiae Strains Isolated from Women in Yaounde, Cameroon
Authors: Djuikoue Cécile Ingrid , Djoulako Paule Dana Djouela , Wouambo Rodrigue Kamga , Foutsa Rosine Yemetio , Ekeu Dorine , Apalata Teke
Published: August 2022

Group B Streptococcus (GBS), a commensal in the body, causes a wide range of infectious diseases. The colonisation levels of GBS and its resistance profile to antibiotics provide important information useful for orienting prevention strategies. There is little data available on the subject with determination of resistance phenotypes in Cameroon. We therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of colonization, antibiotic resistance, including patterns of inducible resistance to clindamycin of GBS in Yaounde. To achieve this goal, a prospective cross-sectional study with an analytical component was carried out from the 28th June to the 29th August 2020 at the BIOSANTE laboratory and the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetrics and Paediatrics hospital. Vaginal swabs and urine were collected on 163 women. This samples were analysed using 5% defibrinated sheep blood agar and chocolate plus polyvitex agar. The isolates were identified using the morphology of the colony, Gram staining, haemolysis, catalase test and latex grouping test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by disk diffusion method following the recommendations of the ACFSM 2019. The double disk diffusion method was used to identify isolates with clindamycin inducible resistance. Our data was analysed by the software SPSS version 2.1. The results obtained showed that the global prevalence of colonization by GBS was 37% (57/163), 40.35% in non-pregnant women and 59.65% in pregnant women. Pregnancy (P-value = 0.019) and gestational age (P-value = 0.025) constituted the risk factors of maternal colonization by GBS. In addition, the strains of GBS were resistant to all antibiotics tested. A D test showcased that 64.7% of GBS were resistant in a constitutive manner to clindamycin. We also note the presence of M phenotypes. As a whole, our results demonstrate that the rate of GBS colonization in this study was similar or higher than those in the previous report in Cameroon. All this indicates that attention should be paid to this bacterium in the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and in the care of pregnant women and newborns.
New Traceback Approach Deployment in Smart Mesh Microgrids against DoS Attacks
Authors: Gassara Mouna , Gassara Bilel
Published: August 2022

Today's major challenge for smart Microgrids is to ensure the security of communications in a large number of changing data sets that are vulnerable to attacks by denial of services in constant evolution. The Internet Protocol Traceback defines a set of methods that help identify the source of an attack with minimal requirements for memory and processing. However, the concept of Traceback is not yet being used in smart Microgrids. As a result, the main challenge of this article is to incorporate a new Traceback approach into the cybernetic system of a smart mesh Microgrid, which can be tested using a network simulator (NS-3) based on delay, debit, and packet loss rate parameters. In fact, the simulation results show the efficacy of this approach compared to others existing in the literature. Furthermore, using the proposed Traceback technique and the mesh nodes, we were able to create a smart meshed Microgrid. Moreover, using the Traceback approach given for merging Intel Galileo Gen.1 nodes with the Compex WLE200NX.11a/b/g/n to establish a secure test bench, which is deployed as a prototype at the Sfax Digital Research Center in Tunisia, we were able to create an intelligent Microgrid. In fact, by identifying all attack vectors and revealing their origins, we could boost the efficiency of our operation by 100%.
Some Tightness-Type Properties of the Space of Permutation Degree
Authors: Kocinac Ljubisa , Mukhamadiev Farkhod G. , Sadullaev Anvar K.
Published: August 2022

In this paper we prove that if the product $X^{n}$ of a space $X$ has some tightness-type properties, then the space of permutation degree ${\sf SP^{n}}X$ also has these properties. It is proved that the set tightness (resp. $T$-tightness) of the space of permutation degree ${\sf SP^{n}}X$ is equal to the set tightness (resp. $T$-tightness) of the product $X^{n}$.
Mixed eolian–longshore sediment transport in the late Paleozoic Arizona shelf and Pedregosa basin, U.S.A.: A case study in grain-size analysis of detrital-zircon datasets
Authors: Leary Ryan J. , Smith M. Elliot , Umhoefer Paul
Published: August 2022

Detrital-zircon U–Pb geochronology has revolutionized sediment provenance studies over the last two decades, and zircon has been successfully analyzed from nearly all sedimentary lithologies, depositional environments, and sediment grain sizes. However, despite the ubiquity of this method and the far-reaching interpretations supported by detrital-zircon data, few studies have investigated the potential role of zircon grain size on age spectra and provenance interpretation. In this study, we investigate the connections between sample grain size, zircon grain size, U–Pb age spectra, and interpreted provenance using 18 detrital-zircon samples (4999 individual grains) collected from Pennsylvanian–Permian strata in central and southern Arizona, USA. In these samples, there is no clear correlation between sample grain size and zircon grain size and no clear correlation between sample grain size and age spectra. However, when all grains are grouped by zircon minimum long-axis dimension, the abundance of some age groups is correlated to zircon grain size. In Pennsylvanian samples, < 400 Ma grains and 2500–3000 Ma zircons are more abundant in the finer fractions, and 1400–1900 Ma zircons are more abundant in coarser fractions of both Pennsylvanian and Permian samples. In Permian samples, 500–800 Ma zircons are most abundant in the finer fractions, and 2500–3000 Ma grains are concentrated in the coarser fractions. Based on changes in abundance and grain-size distribution of 500–800 Ma grains, we interpret a change in zircon provenance across the Pennsylvanian–Permian boundary that reflects regional climate and paleogeographic changes driven in part by the northward drift of Laurentia across the equator. Specifically, we interpret the concentration of 500–800 Ma zircons in Permian samples in central and southern Arizona to indicate that these grains were: 1) sourced from Gondwana, 2) deposited in, and subsequently eroded (recycled) from, Mississippian–Pennsylvanian strata in the Arkoma, Anadarko, and Fort Worth basins at the margins of Laurentia, and 3) finally transported into the Arizona study area as loess by easterly trade winds. This study serves as a case study in the value and interpretive power of basic grain-size characterization of detrital-geochronology datasets.
Review of Different Methods of Abnormal Mass Detection in Digital Mammograms
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sangita , Poddar Sandeep , Bhaumik Amiya , Maitra Indra Kanta , Susanna Dewi , Ware Andrew
Published: August 2022

Various images from massive image databases extract inherent, implanted information or different examples explicitly found in the images. These images may help the community in initial self-screening breast cancer, and primary health care can introduce this method to the community. This study aimed to review the different methods of abnormal mass detection in digital mammograms. One of best methods for the detection of breast malignancy and discovery at a nascent stage is digital mammography. Some of the mammograms with excellent images have a high intensity of resolution that enables preparing images with high computations. The fact that medical images are so common on computers is one of the main things that helps radiologists make diagnoses. Image preprocessing highlights the portion after extraction and arrangement in computerized mammograms. Moreover, the future scope of examination for paving could be the way for a top invention in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for mammograms in the coming years. This also distinguished CAD that helped identify strategies for mass widely covered in the study work. However, the identification methods for structural deviation in mammograms are complicated in real-life scenarios. These methods will benefit the public health program if they can be introduced to primary health care's public health screening system. The decision should be made as to which type of technology fits the level of the primary health care system.
Evaluation of Vitamin D and Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in Iraqi Infertile Women
Authors: Mohialdeen Sura Khairialdeen , Ali Hasan Zainab M , Hussain Ban Ali
Published: August 2022

Although the mechanism underlying the relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and reproduction is unknown, research suggests that it may have a direct deleterious impact on ovarian function. This is primarily because vitamin D insufficiency can affect gonadal function. The anti müllerian hormone (AMH) is one of the most important biomarkers produced by granulosa cells and plays a key role in folliculogenesis. This study wanted to look at and compare vitamin D and AMH levels in infertile and fertile women, as well as the relationship between them in both groups. A hundred infertile and fertile women participated in the study. Anti-müllerian, prolactin, follicle-stimulating, and luteinizing hormones, as well as 25 hydroxyvitamin D, were estimated. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 72% of infertile women (n = 36), compared to 48% (n = 24) of the fertile group. There was no significant link between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and AMH in both groups. Infertile women exhibited a significantly lower serum AMH and higher body mass index. This study's findings suggested that the correlation between vitamin D and ovarian reserve markers was unlikely to present. However, the infertile group has a more significant vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency rate.