bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O‐GlcNAcylation Regulates Centrosome Behavior and Cell Polarity to Reduce Pulmonary Fibrosis and Maintain the Epithelial Phenotype
Authors: Yu Fan , Yang Song , Ni Hua , Heng Dai , Wu Xuemei , Yang Mulin , Zhang Xinming , Cao Yuxin , Pei Yandong , An Di , Li Dengwen , Liu Dayong , Liu Lin , Pan Leiting , Chen Quan , Zhu Xueliang , Zhou Jun
Published: November 2023

O‐GlcNAcylation functions as a cellular nutrient and stress sensor and participates in almost all cellular processes. However, it remains unclear whether O‐GlcNAcylation plays a role in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, because mice lacking O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are embryonically lethal. Here, a mild Ogt knockout mouse model is constructed and the important role of O‐GlcNAcylation in establishing and maintaining cell polarity is demonstrated. Ogt knockout leads to severe pulmonary fibrosis and dramatically promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Mechanistic studies reveal that OGT interacts with pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) and centrosomal protein 131 (CEP131), components of centriolar satellites required for anchoring microtubules to the centrosome. These data further show that O‐GlcNAcylation of PCM1 and CEP131 promotes their centrosomal localization through phase separation. Decrease in O‐GlcNAcylation prevents PCM1 and CEP131 from localizing to the centrosome, instead dispersing these proteins throughout the cell and impairing the microtubule‐centrosome interaction to disrupt centrosome positioning and cell polarity. These findings identify a previously unrecognized role for protein O‐GlcNAcylation in establishing and maintaining cell polarity with important implications for the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
Phase Change Materials Meet Microfluidic Encapsulation
Authors: Guo Yanhong , Hou Tuo , Wang Jing , Yan Yuying , Li Weihua , Ren Yong , Yan Sheng
Published: November 2023

Improving the utilization of thermal energy is crucial in the world nowadays due to the high levels of energy consumption. One way to achieve this is to use phase change materials (PCMs) as thermal energy storage media, which can be used to regulate temperature or provide heating/cooling in various applications. However, PCMs have limitations like low thermal conductivity, leakage, and corrosion. To overcome these challenges, PCMs are encapsulated into microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) capsules/fibers. This encapsulation prevents PCMs from leakage and corrosion issues, and the microcapsules/fibers act as conduits for heat transfer, enabling efficient exchange between the PCM and its surroundings. Microfluidics‐based MEPCMs have attracted intensive attention over the past decade due to the exquisite control over flow conditions and size of microcapsules. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the state‐of‐art progress in microfluidics‐based encapsulation of PCMs. The principle and method of preparing MEPCM capsules/fibers using microfluidic technology are elaborated, followed by the analysis of their thermal and microstructure characteristics. Meanwhile, the applications of MEPCM in the fields of building energy conservation, textiles, military aviation, solar energy utilization, and bioengineering are summarized. Finally, the perspectives on MEPCM capsules/fibers are discussed.
Potential allelopathic interactions from canola and pennycress postharvest roots and stubble
Authors: Keadle S. Brooke , Sykes Virginia R. , Sams Carl E. , Yin Xinhua , Larson James A. , Grant Jerome F.
Published: November 2023

Winter oilseed Brassica plants have several documented allelochemicals; however, most literature revolves around the application of seed meal to fields, or the use of aerial parts of the plant. It is not clear if these chemicals interact with the surrounding environment to the same extent if the winter oilseeds are harvested as a cash crop in the spring. To determine this, we conducted a preliminary study bioassay using water extractable compounds from canola (Brassica napus L.) and pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) roots diluted to 25 and 50% (v/v). These four extracts, as well as deionized water for control, were used to irrigate plates with the seeds of soybean (Glycine max L.), Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Watson], and mare's tail (Erigeron canadensis). We measured germination percent per plate and seedling radicle and hypocotyl lengths after 8 days of treatment. Mare's tail germination was lowered by 40% on day 4 by 50% pennycress extracts, and root length was stunted by both canola and pennycress extracts by 3–5 mm. Palmer amaranth root length was stunted by 10–15 mm by both species’ extracts, as well as shoots lengthened by 5–10 mm. Extract treatments did not affect soybean germination or growth. These interactions indicate potential for allelopathic interactions in the field following harvest of dual cropped winter oilseed and herbicide‐resistant weeds and warrant further study into the topic.
On the One‐Dimensional Transition State Theory and the Relation between Statistical and Deterministic Oscillation Frequencies of Anharmonic Energy Wells
Authors: Giordano Stefano , Cleri Fabrizio , Blossey Ralf
Published: November 2023

The transition state theory allows the development of approximated models useful to study the non‐equilibrium evolution of systems undergoing transformations between two states (e.g., chemical reactions). In a simplified 1D setting, the characteristic rate constants are typically written in terms of a temperature‐dependent characteristic oscillation frequency , describing the exploration of the phase space. As a particular case, this statistical oscillation frequency can be defined for an arbitrary convex potential energy well. This value is compared here with the deterministic oscillation frequency of the corresponding anharmonic oscillator. It is proved that there is a universal relationship between statistical and deterministic frequencies, which is the same for classical and relativistic mechanics. The independence of this relationship from the adopted physical laws gives it an interesting thermodynamic and pedagogical meaning. Several examples clarify the meaning of this relationship from both physical and mathematical viewpoints.
The role of 2‐iminopyrrolyl copper(I) complexes in the Reversible‐Deactivation Radical Polymerization of methyl methacrylate
Authors: de Matos Henrique T. , Cruz Tiago F. C. , Lemos M. Amélia N. D. A. , Gomes Pedro T.
Published: November 2023

The role of 2‐iminopyrrolyl copper(I) complexes in the Reversible‐Deactivation Radical Polymerization (RDRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is described. Mononuclear 2‐iminopyrrolyl copper(I) complexes [Cu{κ2N,N′‐NC4H3‐2‐C(H)=NR′}Ln] 1–7 (R′ = C6H5, Ln = (PPh3)2 (1); R′ = 2,6‐Me2C6H3, Ln = (PPh3)2 (2); R′ = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3, Ln = (PPh3)2 (3); R′ = 4‐NMe2C6H4, Ln = (PPh3)2 (4); R′ = CH3, Ln = (PPh3)2 (5); R′ = CH3, Ln = (PMe3)2 (6); R′ = CH3, Ln = PiPr3 (7)) were synthesized by the reaction of the in situ prepared sodium salts of precursors HL1–5 with [Cu(NCMe)4]BF4 with the respective phosphines. In their absence, the binuclear complex [Cu{κN,κN'‐NC4H3‐2‐C(H)=NCH3}]2 8 was formed instead, which, when treated with one equivalent of PR3 yielded the binuclear complexes [Cu2{κN,κN'‐NC4H3‐2‐C(H)=NCH3}2PR3] 9 (R = Ph) and 10 (R = Me).

All complexes, except 8, were active in the RDRP of MMA using the initiator tert‐butyl‐α‐bromoisobutyrate (tBiB‐Br), achieving apparent propagation kinetic constants (kp') in the range of 0.5–7.5 × 10−5 s−1, at 90 °C and with a [MMA]0:[complex]0:[tBiB‐Br]0 ratio of 500:1:1. All reactions yielded poly (methyl methacrylate)s with molecular weights (
) and dispersities higher than expected for Controlled Radical Polymerization processes. Complex 7 achieved the best results, with
values being only 1.2‐fold higher than theoretically expected. Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) studies suggest that this system operates via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization/Organometallic Mediated Radical Polymerization (ATRP/OMRP) mechanisms interplay.
Nanoarchitectonics and catalytic performances of metal–organic frameworks supported metal nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Yun‐Long , Tang Peng‐Fei , Zhang Quan , Yan Yang‐Tian , Zhang Sheng , Yang Guo‐Ping , Wang Yao‐Yu
Published: November 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) supported metal nanoparticles (MNPs) (MNPs@MOFs) composites, as a class of effective functional materials, have been extensively explored because of the synergetic effect of MOFs and MNPs. Lots of synthesized methods are developed to synthesize MNPs@MOFs composites. These strategies can be generally divided into four main synthesis strategies: ship‐in‐the‐bottle, bottle‐around‐the‐ship, one‐pot, and sandwich assembly approaches. In this review, the recent synthesized strategies are discussed and summarized for the design and fabrication of different MNPs@MOFs composites. Then, the catalytic applications of some MNPs@MOFs composites are presented. Lastly, the challenges and future perspectives are also pointed out in this hot research filed.
Reduced graphene oxide‐reinforced unsaturated polyester resin nanocomposites with improved thermal stability, mechanical modulus, and electromagnetic interference shielding performance
Authors: Park Jin‐Hyeok , Kim Seok‐Ju , Eom Tae‐Gyeong , Seo Minyoung , Song Young‐Gi , Tang Feng , Jeong Young Gyu
Published: November 2023

This article aims to investigate the impact of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanofillers on the curing kinetics, thermal stability, mechanical modulus, electrical conductivity, and EMI shielding effectiveness of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). The curing rates of UPR/styrene (60/40 by wt%) mixtures with small amounts of RGO (0.1–0.3 wt%) exhibit slight delays owing to the barrier and scavenger roles of 2‐dimensional RGO sheets. Nonetheless, it is observed that within the cured nanocomposites, RGOs are effectively dispersed and firmly bonded to the UPR matrix at interfaces through hydrogen bonding and π‐π interactions. Consequently, the nanocomposites display heightened thermal decomposition temperatures and increased residue at 800°C with higher RGO loading content. The addition of RGO notably improves the elastic storage modulus and increases the temperature associated with glass transition‐related relaxation. The electrical percolation threshold is attained at a specific RGO loading between 0.2 and 0.3 wt%. Thus, the nanocomposite with 0.3 wt% RGO is characterized to have an electrical conductivity of 1.9 × 10−6 S/cm and an EMI shielding effectiveness of ~9 dB at 8 GHz, for a thickness of 1 mm.
Looking back into the future of psychoanalysis: A second chance
Authors: Jiménez Juan Pablo
Published: November 2023

During the twentieth century took place a “battle of paradigms” involving all disciplines that inform Psychiatry and Psychology. Basically, the dispute was about the respective contribution of science and hermeneutics in disciplinary paradigms. Psychoanalysis has not been absent from this battle; it is still debated whether psychoanalysis should be considered a scientific discipline or a hermeneutic discipline. In this paper, the author reviews his 40‐year career as a university professor of psychiatry and as a psychoanalyst, during which he has been a committed observer and active participant of psychoanalytic and psychiatric disputes. He reflects on how he lived this gap in Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis, and how he sees the future of Psychoanalysis under the light of new emerging epistemological frameworks.
Looking back over the shoulder: New insights on the unique scapular anatomy of the tapir (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae)
Authors: MacLaren Jamie A.
Published: November 2023

The musculoskeletal anatomy of the shoulder of many ungulates has been inferred from veterinary model taxa, with uniformity in muscle arrangements and attachment sites often assumed. In this study, I investigated the muscular and osteological anatomy of tapirs and their relatives (Perissodactyla: Tapiroidea), using a combination of gross dissection and digital imaging (photography and laser surface scanning). Dissections of three modern tapir species revealed that the m. infraspinatus originates from both supraspinous and infraspinous fossae for all species, lying on both sides of the distal scapular spine. The epimysial border between the m. supraspinatus and m. infraspinatus origin sites are marked in all species by an ossified ridge, sometimes extending the length of the scapular spine. This “supraspinous ridge” is clearly visible on the scapular surface of both modern and extinct Tapirus scapulae; however, the ridge does not appear present in any non‐Tapirus tapiroids examined (e.g., Helaletes, Nexuotapirus), nor in other perissodactyls or artiodactyls. Moreover, the ridge exhibits a clearly distinct morphology in Tapirus indicus compared to all other Tapirus species examined. Combined, these findings indicate that the presence and position of the “supraspinous ridge” may represent a robust phylogenetic character for reconstructing relationships within tapiroids. Unfortunately, any functional locomotor outcomes or benefits of the m. infraspinatus straddling the scapular spine remains elusive. This study represents a firm reminder for anatomists, veterinarians, and paleontologists to (where possible) look beyond veterinary model systems when inferring musculoskeletal form or function in non‐model organisms.
Carbones – A Classification on the Magnetic Criterion
Authors: Kleinpeter Erich , Koch Andreas
Published: November 2023

Carbones (carbodiphosphoranes, bent allenes and chalcogen‐stabilized carbones) bear the same resonance contributor X+−C2−−Y+ (X+, Y+=PR3+, CR2+, SR2+, SeR2+, S+R2=NR) and exhibit unique bonding and donating properties at the central carbon atom. A classification is given on basis of both the geometry and the magnetic properties (13C chemical shift of the central carbon atom and the spatial magnetic properties, through‐space NMR shieldings (TS NMRSs), actually the anisotropy effect or the ring current effect of aromatic species). TS NMRS values have been calculated using the GIAO perturbation method employing the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) concept and the results visualized as iso‐chemical‐shielding surfaces (ICSS) of various size and direction. The synergy of geometry (linear or bent, orthogonal or twisted structures) and NMR characteristics (extend of the high field shift of the central carbon atom, anisotropy effect of the allene‐like C=C double bonds or the ball‐like anisotropy effect of carbone‐like central carbon atom) provides a comprehensive picture of the dominating resonance contributor.
Inhibition of USP21 leads to ovarian carcinoma cell death by suppressing MAPK signaling
Authors: Sun Xin , Yu Jia , Cui Xiaorong , Tang Yujie , Yu Yani
Published: November 2023

Ovarian cancer is the most aggressive and lethal of all gynecologic malignancies. Although the overexpression (OE) of ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 21 (USP21) has been observed in multiple cancers, its expression profile and biological function in ovarian cancer remain unknown. The expression levels of USP21 in ovarian cancer cells and tissues as well as adjacent normal tissues were assessed by qRT‐PCR or Western blot assay. The biological function of USP21 in ovarian cancer cells was assessed by cell growth assay in vitro and a tumor growth model in vivo. Our study revealed that USP21 was markedly elevated in ovarian carcinoma tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Downregulation of USP21 attenuated the expression levels of MEK2 and p‐ERK1/2. Depletion of USP21 resulted in suppressed cell growth of ovarian cancers in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, OE of USP21 promoted the cell proliferation of ovarian cancers and conferred resistance to BAY 11‐7082. These findings provide evidences supporting the notion of USP21 as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Bausteine zu einer Oral History der Wissenschaftsgeschichte Interview mit Dieter Hoffmann
Authors: Grote Mathias , te Heesen Anke , Hoffmann Dieter
Published: November 2023

Wie kann man einen historischen Blick auf das eigene Fach werfen? Diese Frage ist nicht einfach zu beantworten – will man einerseits nicht in einer Nabelschau und Hagiographie enden, andererseits aber auch keinen umfassenden Entwurf einer zukünftigen Historiographie vorlegen. Die hier in loser Folge publizierten Interviews mit bekannten Protagonist:innen der Berliner Wissenschaftsgeschichte von ca. 1970–1990 in West und Ost rücken die Geschichte des Faches deshalb in einem bestimmten Milieu in den Fokus und versuchen, die Historiographie jenseits einer Institutionen‐ oder Theoriegeschichte voranzutreiben. Welche Motivationen oder Probleme bewegten einzelne Wissenschaftler:innen, sich der Geschichte ihres Faches zu widmen oder sich etwa aus der Soziologie oder Philosophie in die Wissenschaftsgeschichte zu bewegen? Welche Ausbildungspraktiken existierten in diesem heterogenen, zwischen den Disziplinen angesiedelten Feld, welche Anregungen bezog man aus welchen Kontexten? Wie war Lehre strukturiert und welche Netzwerke bildeten sich mit der Zeit? Kurz: Mit welchem Interesse kam man zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte und was wurde daraus?

Die Auswahl der Interviewees erfolgt ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit oder Proporz; der Fragenkatalog der Interviews richtet sich individuell nach den Biographien und dem Werk und entfaltet sich oft spontan im Gespräch. Die Interviews wurden digital aufgezeichnet, transkribiert, der Schriftsprache angepasst, gegebenenfalls gekürzt, annotiert und von den Interviewees authentifiziert.

Wir beabsichtigen mit dieser Serie von Interviews zunächst die Dokumentation rezenter Geschichte durch eine Oral History, die subjektive Wahrnehmungen und persönliche Erlebnisse einschließt. Auf diese Weise werden Segmente einer größtenteils ungeschriebenen Geschichte anhand von Biographien erfahrbar und damit auch einer weiteren kritischen Bearbeitung und Integration in ein Gesamtbild zugänglich. Da uns im Zuge der jeweiligen Vorbereitung und Durchführung, Transkription und Abstimmung der Interviews daran gelegen war, aus Sicht der Akteur:innen wichtige Sammelbände und Aufsätze, Monographien oder auch „graue Literatur“ zu erfassen, wird nebenbei eine kommentierte Bibliographie zur Geschichte der Wissenschaftsgeschichte entstehen. Unsere Hoffnung besteht darin, mittels dieser Sammlung mit Berlin einen fruchtbaren Raum und mit den siebziger und achtziger Jahren eine produktive Zeit des Faches jenseits von Reminiszenz oder Nostalgie zu erkunden – nicht zuletzt auch, um den Blick für gegenwärtige Herausforderungen des Faches zu schärfen.
A validated bioanalytical method for the simultaneous estimation of telmisartan and gallic acid in rat plasma samples by high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography–mass spectrometry: Application to an oral pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Pattanik Swadesh Kumar , Pradhan Kishanta Kumar
Published: November 2023

A novel and cost‐effective high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) method, combined with densitometric quantification, was developed for the biomedical analysis of telmisartan (TEL) and gallic acid (GA). Recent research indicates that when used in combination, these compounds offer improved therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with reduced side effects. The study focused on the simultaneous quantification and pharmacokinetic analysis of drugs in rat plasma. The separation was conducted using HPTLC silica gel 60 F254 plates with dimensions of 20 × 10 cm and a thickness of 0.2 mm. The mobile phase used for separation consisted of a mixture of ethyl acetate, methanol, chloroform, and acetic acid in the ratio of 4:2:2:0.2 (v/v). GA and TEL were analyzed using ultraviolet detection at specific wavelengths, with GA at 280 nm and TEL at 296 nm. Peak purity was assessed through spectral correlation analysis using Vision CATS software. The method underwent validation following the guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA). Calibration plots demonstrated linearity in the concentration range of 200–1200 ng/spot, with high correlation coefficients (R2). The retention factors (Rf) were 0.67 for TEL and 0.60 for GA. The identity of the separated compounds was further confirmed using MS, with GA having a mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) of 168.9 in negative mode and TEL with m/z 515.2 in positive mode. In the pharmacokinetic study, the maximum peak plasma concentration (Cmax) for GA was 899.7 ng/mL, and for TEL, it was 1013 ng/mL. The time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) was 2 h for GA and 6 h for TEL. This simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of the drugs in an oral pharmacokinetic study involving Wistar rats can serve as a valuable tool for future investigations into pharmacokinetic interactions, quality control, and routine analysis of these drugs, both in their pure forms and in novel formulations.
Predictive value of 18F‐FDG PET/CT and serum tumor markers for tumor mutational burden in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Qian , Tao Xiuli , Yuan Pei , Zhang Zewei , Ying Jianming , Guo Lei , Li Ning , Wang Shuhang , Li Jing , Liu Ying , Guo Wei , Zhao Shijun , Wu Ning
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To investigate the correlations between metabolic parameters (MPs) of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), serum tumor markers (STMs), and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective study, we enrolled 129 patients with NSCLC (males, 78; females, 51) who underwent baseline TMB and STM tests and 18F‐FDG PET/CT scans before treatment between March 2018 and September 2022. Patients were categorized into TMB‐high (TMB ≥10 mutations/Mb; n = 27 [20.9%]) and non‐TMB‐high (TMB <10 mutations/Mb; n = 102 [79.1%]) groups. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of TMB‐high. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of TMB level on a log scale. Subgroup analyses for adenocarcinoma (ADC), ADC with EGFR+, ADC with EGFR−, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were performed.

Results

For ADC, all MPs (SULpeak, SULmax, SULmean, MTV, and TLG) were significantly higher in the TMB‐high group than the non‐TMB‐high group; smoker (odds ratio [OR] = 27.08, p = 0.018), EGFR+ (OR = 0.03, p = 0.033), KRAS+ (OR = 7.98, p = 0.083), high CEA (OR = 33.56, p = 0.029), and high CA125 (OR = 13.68, p = 0.030) were independent predictors of TMB‐high; and all MPs showed significant positive linear correlations with TMB on a log scale, with SULpeak as an independent predictor. However, no significant correlation was observed for SCC.

Conclusion

MPs and STMs can predict the TMB level for patients with ADC, and may serve as potential substitutes for TMB with increased value and easy implementation in guiding immunotherapy through noninvasive methods.
The loss of neoantigens is an important reason for immune escape in multiple myeloma patients with high intratumor heterogeneity
Authors: Wang Yue , Xu Jiadai , Lan Tianwei , Zhou Chi , Liu Peng
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is an important factor for clinical outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). High ITH has been proven to be a key reason for tumor immune escape and treatment resistance. Neoantigens are thought to be associated with ITH, but the specific correlation and functional basis for this remains unclear.

Methods

We study this question through the whole‐exome sequencing (WES) data from 43 high ITH newly diagnosed MM patients in our center. Mutant allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH) was conducted to quantify ITH. The cutoff value for high intratumor heterogeneity was determined by comparing MATH of different kinds of tumors. NeoPredPipe was performed to predict neoantigens and binding affinity.

Results

Compared to other tumors, MM has a relatively low tumor mutation burden but a high ITH. Patients with high MATH had significantly shorter progression‐free survival times than those with low MATH (p = 0.001). In high ITH samples, there is a decrease in strong‐binding neoantigens (p = 0.019). The loss of strong‐binding neoantigens is a key factor for insensitivity to therapy (p = 0.015). Loss of heterozygosity in HLA was not observed. In addition, patients with fewer neoantigens loss had higher rates of disease remission (p = 0.047). CD8 + T cells (p = 0.012) and NK cells (p = 0.011) decreased significantly in patients with high neoantigens loss rate. A prediction model based on neoantigens was built to evaluate the strength of immune escape.

Conclusion

The loss of strong‐binding neoantigens explains why tumors with high ITH have a higher degree of immune escape and may be feasible for deciding the clinical treatment of MM.
A Lateral Flow Assay Based on Streptavidin‐biotin Amplification System with Recombinase Polymerase Amplification for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Salmonella enteritidis
Authors: Feng Fan , Fu Qiang , Cao Fengrong , Yuan Yun , Kong Ruixue , Ji Dandan , Liu Haiyun
Published: November 2023

Salmonella constitutes a prevalent alimentary pathogen, instigating zoonotic afflictions. Consequently, the prompt discernment of Salmonella in sustenance is of cardinal significance. Lateral flow assays utilizing colorimetric methodologies adequately fulfill the prerequisites of point‐of‐care diagnostics, however, their detection threshold remains elevated, generally permitting only qualitative discernment, an impediment to the preliminary screening of nascent pathogens. In response to this conundrum, we propose a lateral flow diagnostic predicated upon a streptavidin‐biotin amplification system with recombinase polymerase amplification engineered for the expeditious and quantitative discernment of Salmonella enteritidis. Trace nucleic acids within a sample undergo exponential amplification via recombinase polymerase amplification to a level discernable, constituting the initial signal amplification. Subsequently, along the test line (T‐line) of the lateral flow strip, the chromatic signal undergoes augmentation by securing a greater quantity of AuNPs through the magnification capacity of the streptavidin‐biotin mechanism, affecting the second signal amplification. Quantitative results are procured via smartphone capture and transferred to computer software for precise calculation of the targeted quantity. The lateral flow strip exhibits a LOD at 19.41 CFU/mL for cultured S. enteritidis. The RSD of three varying concentrations were respectively 3.74 %, 5.96 %, and 4.25 %.
A case of familial Mediterranean fever presenting with ankylosing spondylitis: A rare case‐report
Authors: Khalaji Amirreza , Jafarpour Mehdi
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

The association of familial Mediterranean fever and ankylosing spondylitis is rare, but it is essential to consider this diagnosis in patients with a history of FMF who develop symptoms of back pain or other rheumatologic conditions.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent fever episodes, abdominal pain, and arthralgia. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the spine's joints. The association of FMF and AS is rare. We report the case of a 22‐year‐old male patient with a history of FMF and a positive family history of FMF in his father, who presented with inflammatory back pain. The patient was found to have sacroiliitis on MRI, which is a characteristic feature of AS. The patient was negative for HLA‐B27, a genetic marker often associated with AS. This case report highlights the importance of considering AS in patients with a history of FMF who develop back pain symptoms or other rheumatologic conditions.
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis in a teenage boy after an intense period of exercise: A rare case report
Authors: Noor Sahar , Rasooly Abdul Jamil , Alikozai Sultan Mahmood , Jalalzai Tooryalai , Haidary Ahmed Maseh , Nasir Najla , Noor Sarah , Farooqi Masooma , Mansoori Husna
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Messages

Diagnosis of rare even can be missed due to less familiarity with the disorder.

In patients with muscle weakness, infectious causes are prioritized.

Electrolyte profile not only identifies the problem, but also prevents unnecessary workup.

In underdeveloped countries, diagnosis of rare disorders is usually delayed due to less familiarity of the clinicians to such disorders. As a result, infectious and inflammatory causes for an ailment are prioritized as compared to non‐infectious etiologies. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (PP) is a rare disorder, characterized by episodic muscle weakness that can rarely be associated with life‐threatening cardiac arrhythmia. A teenage Afghan boy presented to the emergency department with an acute flaccid paralysis, that started 1 h after intense exercise The weakness involved both, the upper and lower extremities. Laboratory investigations, led to the impression of hypokalemic PP, precipitated by intense exercise. Accordingly, intravenous potassium chloride infusion diluted with normal saline led to the complete resolution of paralysis as well as correction of electrocardiographic changes. The list of differential diagnosis for flaccid muscle paralysis is wide, which generally requires a extensive investigations, but in hypokalemic PP, a cardinal electrolytes profile can lead towards early diagnosis. High degree of clinical suspicion with appropriate history taking and physical examination helps with the immediate identification and management of this disorder.
Massive pulmonary embolism post sleeve gastrectomy treated with systemic thrombolytic: A case report
Authors: Moeinvaziri Nader , Sadeghi Alireza
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Prompt diagnosis and management of massive pulmonary embolism after bariatric surgery is crucial, but thrombolytic therapy may increase the risk of complications such as anastomotic leakage and bleeding. Individualized management is needed.
Tar removal from the producer gas of a small scale downdraft gasifier using a fatty acid based, wet packed‐bed scrubber
Authors: Lotfi Samira , Ma Weiguo , Austin Kevin , Luque Luis , Littlejohns Jennifer V. , Butler James
Published: November 2023

Small scale gasification combined heat and power (CHP) systems offer an alternative to diesel fuelled generators for power generation in remote communities and industrial sites. Tar and particulates in the producer‐gas can damage the internal combustion engine generator and increase operation and maintenance costs. In this work, we present a novel trickle‐bed scrubber using filtered waste cooking oil as a cost effective and easy‐to‐operate gas clean‐up method for a small CHP system. The performance of the trickle‐bed scrubber was compared against a packed‐bed filter utilizing woodchips in a 20 kWth downdraft gasifier. Used‐cooking oil was selected as the solvent and woodchips as the bed‐material as these are readily available, inexpensive, and can be recycled in the gasifier as fuel. A woodchip packed‐bed filter reduced the tar and particulate matter (PM) in the producer gas from gasification of spruce chips (11% moisture) from 1.6 to 1.4 g/Nm3 and from 0.16 to 0.087 g/Nm3 respectively. The trickle‐bed scrubber was able to reduce the tar and PM in the producer gas from gasification of pinewood (8% moisture) from 1.38 to 0.28 g/Nm3, and 0.209 to 0.082 g/Nm3, respectively. Tar and PM removal efficiency improved by 60% and 29% respectively. Components such as benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and biphenylene were the major tar components. After passing the trickle‐bed, most tar was removed, with a preference for removal of multi‐ringed aromatics and gravimetric tars. Parameters such as the tar and particulate concentration, feedstock moisture content, and feedstock source affect the performance of the gas clean‐up system.
Modelling nitrogen oxide emission trends from the municipal solid waste incineration process using an adaptive bi‐directional long and short‐term memory network
Authors: Li Zhenghui , Yao Shunchun , Chen Da , Li Longqian , Lu Zhimin , Yu Zhuliang
Published: November 2023

Accurately predicting trends in NOx emission is essential for effectively controlling pollution in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) power plants. However, the MSWI process exhibits notable dynamic nonlinearity, time series characteristics, and fluctuations that are distinct from those present in fossil fuel combustion processes. Therefore, the model must possess excellent capabilities in handling time series and nonlinear features while achieving adaptive updates to account for complex working conditions. To address these issues, we have developed a robust prediction model for NOx emission trends using the bi‐directional long short‐term memory (Bi‐LSTM) deep learning algorithm. This model encompasses maximum information coefficient and expert experience for input variables selection, parameter optimization using the linear inertial weight particle swarm algorithm (LDWPSO), and an adaptive update strategy based on probabilistic statistics. The prediction performance of this model was compared to that of the traditional and widely used backpropagation neural network (BPNN), extreme learning machine (ELM), and LSTM. Furthermore, we verified the adaptive update effect of the proposed model using additional data. The results demonstrate that the proposed model exhibits robust prediction and adaptive capabilities. This study's originality is presenting a satisfactory trend prediction for NOx emission from the MSWI process using an adaptive LDWPSO‐(Bi‐LSTM) model. It will be essential for the optimization and control of NOx emissions from the MSWI process.
Effect of ZnCl2, H3PO4, and KOH activation on low‐temperature NH3‐denitration performance of activated carbon
Authors: Huang Bangfu , Li Wanjun , Shi Zhe , Yang Linjing , Wen Zhenjing , Zi Gaoyong , Luo Liubin
Published: November 2023

This study aims to explore the effect of the activator type, activation time, and activator concentration on the denitration performance of activated carbon (AC). Combined with denitration experiments, scanning electron microscopy, pore size analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization methods, an orthogonal experiment was conducted using zinc chloride (ZnCl2), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as activators to explore the interaction between various factors and their effect on the denitration performance of AC. The results show that the denitration rate of ZnCl2‐activated AC is generally low because a high concentration of ZnCl2 will block the micropores of AC and destroy the original structure. The denitration rate of H3PO4‐activated AC decreased with the increase in H3PO4 concentration, especially severe blockage occurred on the AC‐H3 surface. KOH activation can optimize the pore structure of AC and generate some oxygen‐containing functional groups, which is beneficial to improve the adsorption performance of AC. Orthogonal experiments showed that the activator type had the most obvious effect on the denitration rate, followed by the activation time, whereas reagent concentration had little effect on the denitration rate. The optimum activation condition was 3 mol L−1 KOH at 80°C for 3.5 h.
Small‐Molecule Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inducer Triggers Apoptosis in Cancer Cells
Authors: Ingle Jaypalsing , Tirkey Anjana , Pandey Shalini , Basu Sudipta
Published: November 2023

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is highly critical for the sub‐cellular protein synthesis, post‐translational modifications and myriads of signalling pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis. Consequently, dysregulation in the ER functions leads to the ER stress in different pathological situations including cancer. Hence, exploring small molecules to induce ER stress emerged as one of the unorthodox strategies for future cancer therapeutics. However, development of ER targeted novel small molecules remains elusive due to the dearth of ER targeting moieties. Herein we have synthesized a small library of 3‐methoxy‐pyrrole‐enamine through a concise strategy. Screening of this library in cervical (HeLa), colon (HCT‐116), breast (MCF7) and lung cancer (A549) cells identified a novel small molecule which localized into the ER of the HeLa cervical cancer cells within 3 h, induced ER stress through the increased expression of ER stress markers (CHOP, IRE1α, PERK, BiP and Cas‐12) and triggered the programmed cell death (apoptosis) leading to remarkable HeLa cell killing. This novel small molecule can be explored further as a tool to understand the chemical biology of ER towards the development of ER targeted cancer therapeutics.
Entropy‐aware energy‐efficient virtual machine placement in cloud environments using type information
Authors: Mousavi Tayebeh Sadat , Shankar Achyut , Rezvani Mohammad Hossein , Ghadiri Hamid
Published: November 2023

One of the practical preferences of cloud service providers is to use specialized physical hosts. In other words, the goal is to place homogeneous virtual machines (VMs) on the physical host according to performance criteria such as energy consumption, resource wastage, and utilization. virtual machine placement (VMP) falls into NP‐hard knapsack problems. To overcome the time complexity, the use of heuristic and metaheuristic methods has attracted the attention of researchers. In this paper, we use an entropy‐based method for VMP for the first time. The proposed method tries to place the VMs on physical machines by considering the type of VMs to minimize entropy. Entropy is a measurable property that is more associated with disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. We use one of the most common entropy criteria called the Gini coefficient. In summary, among the different placement combinations of VMs, those that can minimize the Gini coefficient are preferred. We then solve the multi‐objective problem with the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐III). We also combine this method with differential evolution methods to improve the quality of solutions. Recent research in other engineering fields has shown that combining metaheuristic methods with differential evolution methods increases the rate of convergence toward the optimal solution. The simulation results on the CloudSim simulator, along with statistical analysis, show that the entropy‐based method has a significant improvement over the state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of significant performance criteria such as utilization, resource wastage, and energy consumption.
Application of ecohydrological criteria for the management of fisheries in the middle Paraná River (Argentina) during extreme low water levels
Authors: Espínola Luis A. , Baigún Claudio , Górski Konrad , Abrial Elie , Rabuffetti Ana P. , Garello Nicolas , Blettler Martín C. M.
Published: November 2023

Since 2019, there has been a long‐duration low water event that has no previous records in the floodplain of the Paraná River. This event highlights the lack of backgrounds and a lack of information on the socio‐economic and ecohydrological impacts, as well as the difficulty of implementing relevant management measures to address this hydrological condition. This scenario has triggered several environmental and socio‐economic conflicts associated with fishing activity. However, a conventional fisheries management approach with merely hydrological criteria is still carried out. This decoupling between the hydrological reality and the intensity of the fishing activity poses a threat to fish resources. The objective of this study was to discuss the application of ecohydrological criteria to advance the understanding of fish assemblage responses to the dynamics of hydrological processes in order to apply it to the management of the Paraná River fisheries, particularly in scenarios of extraordinary low water levels. We conclude that available knowledge does not include a comprehension of the effects of prolonged low water level on commercial fish assemblage recruitment and structure during prolonged low water levels, and there is not enough knowledge to establish criteria to define the sustainable management of fishery resources.
Prediction accuracy improvement of pressure pulsation signals of reversible pump‐turbine: A LSTM and VMD‐based optimization approach
Authors: Fang Mingkun , Zhang Fangfang , Cao Zhong , Tao Ran , Xiao Wei , Zhu Di , Gui Zhonghua , Xiao Ruofu
Published: November 2023

The reversible pump‐turbine plays an important role in hydropower stations, but pressure pulsation during their operation affects their performance and lifespan. Accurate prediction of pressure pulsation signals can provide an important basis for energy planning and stable operation of pumped storage units, thereby promoting sustainable development of the environment. This study introduces an optimization method that combines long short‐term memory (LSTM) and variable mode decomposition (VMD) to enhance the prediction accuracy of pressure pulsation signals. First, by decomposing the pressure pulsation signal into multiple relatively stable subsequence components using VMD, the characteristics of the original signal become more distinct. Subsequently, individual LSTM‐based time series prediction models were constructed for each modal function, and the hyperparameters related to subsequence were optimized using the sparrow search algorithm. To validate the efficacy of the proposed approach, this paper conducted experiments using pressure pulsation signals of a pump‐turbine obtained through numerical simulation. The experimental data was divided into training and testing sets, with the former used to train the LSTM model and the latter used for validation. The experimental results show that the optimized VMD with an optimized LSTM method can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of pressure pulsation signals in reversible pump‐turbine.
Delgadoana, a new replacement name for Delgadoa F.S.Santos, Snak & L.P.Queiroz (Phaseolinae: Leguminosae)
Authors: Deshmukh Umakant B. , Shende Mukund B. , Reddy Eanguwar Srinivas , Mungole Arvind J.
Published: November 2023

The name of a newly described monotypic genus of woody lianas, Delgadoa F.S.Santos, Snak & L.P.Queiroz from Bahia is an illegitimate name because of later homonym of fossil Pteridophyte genus Delgadoa Heer, and hence according to article 53.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), a new name Delgadoana U.B.Deshmukh, M.B.Shende, E.S.Reddy & Mungole is proposed here along with a new combination for D. bambuicola F.S.Santos, Snak & L.P.Queiroz.
Stainless steel bipolar plates with rectangular micro channels by additive manufacturing: Effect channel width on fuel cell performance
Authors: Jin Chul Kyu , Kim Jae Hyun , Lee Bong‐Seop , Bae Sung Hwan
Published: November 2023

Stainless steel bipolar plates (BPs) fabricated using innovative additive manufacturing techniques can improve fuel cell performance and reduce costs. A high current density can be obtained using a low‐cost membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with low platinum (Pt) loading at the anode, along with BPs with rectangular micro channels. Three types of BPs of serpentine flow field are designed after varying the width of the rectangular channel. Two types of MEAs are used. First is 0.12 mg cm−2 Pt loading at anode, and the second is 0.50 mg cm−2. Wherein MEA with Pt loading at 0.12 mg cm−2 is used, a high current density is obtained as the channel width decreases. The BP with 300 µm channels has a current density of 1.205 A cm−2, which is higher by 31.4% than that of BP with 500 µm channels and higher by 70.2% than that of the BP with 940 µm channels. However, when the MEA with Pt loading at 0.50 mg cm−2 is applied to the test, the opposite results are obtained: As the channel width becomes narrow, the current density decreases. In the long‐term operation, a similar trend in the current density as that of the short‐term operation is observed.
Richard A. Lerner – Little Known Facets of an Outstanding Man
Authors: Keinan Ehud
Published: November 2023

Richard was mainly known as a gifted scientist, a charismatic leader, and an original and creative President. And he was my good friend and a role model for over three decades. The term impossible was not part of his vocabulary. I′ve learned from him that there is no limit to imagination and creativity, no limit to the number of assignments one can fulfill, and no limit to the magnitude of a dream one can turn into reality. Richard was blessed with the unique talent to quickly decipher the essence of people‘s thoughts and discover the hidden parts of their personalities, which allowed him to focus on what he defined as the most valuable issues and productive discussions. My experience with him included the joy of scientific discovery, the silent mode of human communication, the power of commitment and dedication, and the wildest sense of humor. Now, nearly two years after his departure, I feel free and obliged to share unknown stories and anecdotes that illuminate various facets of his personality.
Interaction between varying social ties on health: Perceived partner responsiveness and institutional trust
Authors: Tosyali Furkan , Harma Mehmet
Published: November 2023

The interplay between different forms of social relationships, that is, perceived partner responsiveness and institutional trust, on subjective health evaluations was examined for the first time. There were 1241 respondents who had a romantic relationship. After adjusting for the covariates, findings suggested that greater perceived partner responsiveness and institutional trust led respondents to report better subjective health. The positive link between perceived partner responsiveness and subjective health was more pronounced among the respondents reporting a lower level of institutional trust. Such an interaction could be an indicator pointing out the compensatory role of close relationship dynamics. Given that finding, public health authorities and practitioners could be encouraged to be aware of the adaptive function of social ties on health and focus on maintaining the strength of intimate social ties and building trust between authority gradients. This suggestion could especially be adaptive not only during “normal” times but also during post‐disaster circumstances (e.g., COVID‐19).
Combinational antibody detection approach increases the clinical validity of colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Kobayashi Sohei , Hiwasa Takaki , Kitamura Kouichi , Kano Masayuki , Hoshino Tyuji , Hirano Sho , Hashimoto Mayuko , Seimiya Masanori , Shimada Hideaki , Nomura Fumio , Matsubara Hisahiro , Matsushita Kazuyuki
Published: November 2023

Background

At different stages of the disease, biomarkers can help to determine disease progression and recurrence and provide a personalized indicator of therapeutic effectiveness. The serological identification of antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning (SEREX) has identified five SEREX antigens.

Results

Compared with healthy donors, anti‐FIRΔexon2 and anti‐SOHLH antibodies (Abs) in the sera of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) were markedly higher. Furthermore, no correlation was noted between five SEREX antigens and the three tumor markers (CEA, CA19‐9, and anti‐p53 Abs), indicating that anti‐FIRΔexon2 Abs are an independent candidate marker for patients with CRC. Generally, the levels of anti‐FIRΔexon2 Abs combined with clinically available tumor markers were determined to be significantly higher compared with CEA, CA19‐9. Moreover, in early‐stage CRC, the levels of anti‐FIRΔexon2 Abs combined with existing tumor markers were higher than those of CEA, CA19‐9.

Conclusion

Due to the highly heterogeneous nature of CRC, a single tumor marker is unlikely to become a standalone diagnostic test due to its commonly insufficient sensitivity and/or specificity. Using a combination antibody detection approach of tumor markers for CRC diagnosis has the potential to be an effective approach. Therefore, the use of serum protein biomarker candidates holds promise for the development of inexpensive, noninvasive, and inexpensive tests for the detection of CRC.