bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’Affaire Rodney King ou les limites du pouvoir de l’image
Authors: Delage Christian
Published: September 2022

Dans l'État de Californie, les comportements brutaux et discriminants de la police à l'égard de la communauté africaine-américaine étaient bien connus quand, un soir de 1991, un automobiliste noir, certes en état d'infraction, reçut cinquante coups de bâton lors de son arrestation. Ce qui allait constituer cependant une nouveauté, et marquer un tournant dans l'histoire américaine, provient de l'enregistrement vidéo des mauvais traitements infligés à Rodney King, passant rapidement du canal local de télévision au niveau international. Présenté comme preuve au procès des policiers du LAPD, le document fut cependant utilisé par les deux parties à leur avantage. On verra ici la manière dont une image apparemment univoque et pourvue d'un statut de preuve à charge a pu donner lieu à des interprétations contradictoires, ouvrant le champ à une interrogation plus large sur la valeur véritative des images.
Les statues dans l’espace public et dans l’espace privé
Authors: Inglebert Hervé
Published: September 2022

Inspirée de la Bible, la réflexion sur l’attitude à adopter envers les statues est attestée dès 200 chez les juifs et les chrétiens. Elle les conduisit à rejeter les images tridimensionnelles hors de la sphère religieuse, mais à y accepter les images bidimensionnelles figurées, ainsi qu’à tolérer la présence des statues dans l’espace public civique et impérial. De même, le Coran condamna les représentations plastiques assimilées aux idoles et les musulmans étendirent ensuite cette interdiction aux images figurées bidimensionnelles dans le domaine religieux et politique, tout en les acceptant dans la sphère privée. Néanmoins, d’autres traditions tardo-antiques, culturelles et politiques, valorisaient les statues. La comparaison de l’usage des statues dans diverses aires permet, au-delà des problèmes classiques de l’interdit religieux et de l’iconoclasme, de retracer la géographie sociale du licite et de l’illicite à travers le regard porté sur les statues. En particulier, les statues absentes manifestent les limites des habitus culturels.
Sur les traces de quelques gestes défiguratifs dans le monde islamique
Authors: Clévenot Dominique
Published: September 2022

La représentation figurée des êtres vivants a été un objet de débats parmi les juristes musulmans. Cette contribution ne propose pas une approche globale de la question en termes juridiques. Après s’être arrêtée sur des cas d’iconoclasme récents – elle s’attache tout d’abord à interroger des documents iconographiques provenant du monde arabe qui comportent des altérations volontaires – effacements, grattages, biffures, etc. – dues à quelques lecteurs sourcilleux de manuscrits illustrés. L’analyse de ces documents montre que ces traces défiguratives engagent des comportements anthropologiques vis-à-vis de l’image qui dépassent la simple application du juridique et qui, en retour, permettent de révéler ce qui agit en creux dans le discours juridique lui-même. Il s’agit ensuite de questionner la descendance de ces traces défiguratives dans le contexte culturel particulier qu’est le monde iranien.
La réflexivité infirmière en formation, entre injonction et allant-de-soi
Authors: Aubouin Catherine , Monceau Gilles
Published: September 2022

En France, une réingénierie des études infirmières a eu lieu en 2009. Cette réforme accompagne une évolution d’ensemble de la profession et a profondément transformé le dispositif de formation. Désormais, l’analyse de l’activité infirmière en situation est considérée comme principale source d’apprentissage. L’étudiant apprend de, par et pour les situations professionnelles. Deux catégories de formateurs, ceux exerçant en institut de formation en soins infirmiers d’une part et les infirmiers en poste chargés du tutorat des stages d’autre part contribuent ensemble au suivi de l’étudiant durant son parcours de formation. Ils sont en charge de l’accompagnement du processus réflexif par lequel l’étudiant doit construire son auto-formation en alternance entre institut de formation et terrain de stage.L’article interroge la manière dont ces formateurs ont vécu cette évolution durant laquelle le nouveau paradigme de la réflexivité et la redéfinition de la notion de compétence ont bousculé leur conception du métier et leur posture professionnelle.Les résultats font apparaitre que l’entrainement réflexif et l’injonction de professionnalisation, désormais attendus en formation infirmière fait évoluer la posture de ses formateurs, d'une position « traditionnelle et transmissive » de formation à une posture d’accompagnement pédagogique. Les praticiens devenus tuteurs de stage sont appelés à endosser une compétence pédagogique jusqu'alors considérée comme propre aux formateurs exerçant en institut de formation, tandis que ces derniers doivent remanier leur conception pédagogique pour désormais mener un travail d'accompagnement à l'apprentissage les éloignant des formes d’« enseignement » qu'ils avaient coutume de pratiquer. L’article interroge finalement l’absence d’un accompagnement adapté des formateurs dans leur appropriation de la réingénierie pédagogique de 2009.
Le développement professionnel en évaluation des apprentissages d’enseignants du supérieur
Authors: Nizet Isabelle , Côté Josée-Anne , Lison Christelle
Published: September 2022

L’objectif général de notre recherche est d’outiller le repérage de traces de développement professionnel chez des enseignants-chercheurs de différentes disciplines, se formant en évaluation par le biais du cours Évaluer en situations authentiques offert en ligne. Ce cours fait partie d’un microprogramme conçu selon la démarche du Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (Bélisle et al., 2016). Les artefacts provenant de trois tâches complexes, réalisées dans le cadre de ce cours, sont analysés en référant aux différents paramètres du modèle dynamique de développement professionnel de Clarke et Hollingsworth (2002) et aux dimensions identitaires et culturelles propres aux compétences évaluatives des enseignants universitaires (Nizet, 2015). Nous proposons une exploration de ce modèle à la lumière de l’intelligibilité des pratiques évaluatives, puisque la réalisation de tâches complexes dans le cours amène des prises de conscience et des déplacements identitaires et culturels, signes d’un développement professionnel authentique dans le cadre de contraintes institutionnelles et de cultures évaluatives dominantes.
Analyse de l’expérience d’enseignants-chercheurs stagiaires dans un dispositif de vidéo-formation à la pédagogie universitaire
Authors: Gaudin Cyrille
Published: September 2022

En France, l’obligation d’une formation à la pédagogie universitaire des nouveaux enseignants-chercheurs pendant leur année de stage est récente. Parmi les dispositifs de formation mis en place dans les universités, ceux ayant recours au visionnage de vidéos se sont progressivement développés. Néanmoins, peu de travaux ont étudié la vidéo-formation des enseignants du supérieur. Inscrite dans un programme de recherche sur la formation professionnelle, l’étude examine un dispositif innovant de vidéo-formation à la pédagogie universitaire destiné aux enseignants-chercheurs stagiaires. Le caractère innovant de ce dispositif réside dans le fait d’exploiter, dans des situations d’allo- et d’auto-confrontation, des vidéos dévoilant le point de vue des étudiants. A partir d’entretiens d’auto-confrontation menés auprès de sept enseignants-chercheurs stagiaires volontaires de disciplines variées, l’étude cherche à déterminer les effets de ce dispositif. Les résultats montrent que les divers types de vidéos (situation d’enseignement, commentaires de l’enseignant-chercheur, commentaires des étudiants et réactions de l’enseignant-chercheur confronté aux commentaires de ses étudiants) et de contenus (pratiques d’enseignement « réussies » et « perfectibles ») constituent des ressources « capacitantes » pour les enseignants-chercheurs stagiaires en termes d’immersion-projection, de satisfaction et d’apprentissage-développement professionnel. Ils confirment également l’importance de les scénariser et de respecter des principes de conception de vidéo-formation tels que l’accompagnement, l’individualisation et la progressivité. Les enjeux liés à la conception et la mise en œuvre de ce type de dispositif sont finalement discutés.
Implication et développement professionnel des enseignants dans de nouveaux dispositifs pédagogiques favorisant l’apprentissage du métier d’étudiant
Authors: Baudier Aurélie , Wilmet Emilie , Bachy Sylviane
Published: September 2022

Cet article présente et analyse la mise en œuvre de nouveaux dispositifs pédagogiques d’aide à la réussite qui ont contribué au développement professionnel des enseignants d’un établissement de l’enseignement supérieur en Belgique francophone. Plusieurs nouveaux ateliers co-construits en intelligence collective avec des enseignants, des conseillers pédagogiques (accompagnateurs des enseignants) et des accompagnateurs d’étudiants de première année ont visé essentiellement les composantes de bienveillance et le bon climat de classe. Un double impact se dégagerait de ce retour d’expérience : les apprenants s’engageraient davantage dans leurs études et les enseignants changeraient leur conception du métier d’étudiant, leur approche pédagogique et leur niveau d’interaction.
Environnement de travail en évolution : quel potentiel d’apprentissage et de développement pour les enseignants-chercheurs?
Authors: Loizon Anaïs , David Marie
Published: September 2022

Dans la perspective de l’ouverture, au sein d’une école d’ingénieurs, d’une nouvelle modalité de formation des étudiants nommée en France « formation par apprentissage », les deux auteures de l’article ont proposé une recherche-intervention auprès d’enseignants-chercheurs de l’établissement. Il s’agissait (i) de les accompagner dans la mise en œuvre d’une pédagogie de l’alternance et (ii) de mettre collectivement sous observation cette période de changement et ses potentiels effets sur leur propre activité d’enseignement. Appréhendé comme un observatoire de l’activité d’enseignants-chercheurs et des conditions de son développement, le dispositif, déployé avec cinq enseignants-chercheurs volontaires, a été initié par cinq séances de formation et des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de chacun 6 mois après l’ouverture de la formation par apprentissage. L’article rend compte, dans une perspective de didactique professionnelle, de l’analyse de l’activité de ces enseignants-chercheurs à partir des situations de formation proposées et des entretiens réalisés. Si la formation suivie permet de premières re-conceptualisations de l’action, elle ne saurait lever d’une part, certains freins relatifs à des représentations tenues pour vraies, liées, pour exemple, au métier et rôle de l’enseignant-chercheur, à la nature des savoirs à transmettre et d’autre part, certaines limitations de l’action liées à l’environnement de travail (logique organisationnelle, institutionnelle, statutaires).
Para Além dos Movimentos Sociais: reflexões sobre a literatura brasileira da década de 2010
Authors: Mazzilli Pereira Matheus , Kunrath Silva Marcelo
Published: September 2022

Esse artigo tem por objetivo desenvolver uma análise crítica da literatura brasileira sobre movimentos sociais produzida na última década. Para isso, realizamos uma revisão sistemática dos artigos apresentados no grupo de trabalho (GT) sobre esse tema nos Encontros Anuais da Anpocs entre 2014 e 2018 e publicados nos anais desses eventos. Os resultados indicam que, a partir do diálogo crítico com a tradição do processo político, os trabalhos apresentados nesse GT adaptaram e construíram modelos teórico-conceituais capazes de fundamentar análises inovadoras e transversais a diversos movimentos sociais. Contudo, os artigos tenderam a reproduzir um viés “movimentocêntrico” em seus recortes de pesquisa e a promessa de promoção de um “olhar relacional” se limitou, em grande medida, à análise das relações entre movimentos sociais e instituições políticas. Diante desses limites, argumentamos ser benéfica à literatura a efetiva incorporação do deslocamento analítico dos movimentos sociais para os conflitos proposto pela abordagem da contentious politics, possibilitando que nossas análises se ampliem para além dos movimentos sociais.
Identification of Plant Diseases Using Multi-Level Classification Deep Model
Authors: Tembhurne Jitendra Vikram , Saxena Tarun , Diwan Tausif
Published: September 2022

As plants are exposed to the various environmental elements, they are highly prone to many diseases which affect the crop yield and result in low productivity. Due to the lack of proper care and regular checking for any diseases in plants, severe consequences may be seen in a long-term basis on plants and environments. Agricultural productivity is one of the important factors on which the economy highly depends. Plant pathologists require a reliable and effective method to diagnose the disease effectively. Several physical methods and techniques have been applied to better predict and classify the plant disease. However, we need an automated method to identify and produce as accurate result as possible with minimum time. Previously, many machine learning models were developed, producing limited accuracy. But, using deep learning, improved performance can be achieved for classification of plant diseases. The authors propose the multi-level classification model for plant diseases detection. The accuracy achieved by the proposed model is 96.70%, which is higher than the other models.
Multimodal Game Design Framework for Creativity in Macau's Educational System Through Digital and Tangible Games
Authors: Martins de Abreu Filipa C. A. , Barbosa Álvaro Mendes
Published: September 2022

Creativity and collaboration are crucial to learning development in today's fast-paced educational environment. New technology can bridge humans and their natural needs through immersion in digital environments with physical objects. As knowledge and information evolve, digital interactive experiences are being explored and used to address physical and emotional issues during the learning process. This paper presents a conceptual framework design for multimodal experiences based on adaptable and flexible design patterns that use essential visual, audio, and tactile elements. The authors conducted experimental studies at three kindergarten levels using digital games. Children learned and played through multimodal activities using user-centred design principles, triggering creative behaviours. They used commercial digital games used in schools and educational curricula to assist in collecting data on how children this age interact with digital devices and real-world objects, inspiring creative behaviours.
Drop-Out
Authors: Chiusaroli Diletta
Published: September 2022

The following analysis is intended to demonstrate the interconnection which winds through disorders affecting adolescents, generated and amplified by the pandemic period such as vamping, overthinking, ludopathy, and the school “drop-out” phenomenon. Specifically, the phenomenon tat turns out to be as imperceptible in its genesis, as dramatic in its outcome, characterized by a considerable school dropout with inevitable and catastrophic incidents on identity development, cognitive and interpersonal skills, as well as on the future of young people's work. The study presents the analysis of data related to the evolution of the phenomenon of early school leaving with particular reference to the years 2018-2019, 2019-2020, 2020-2021. In addition, the research is based on studies carried out on this particular topic and aims to identify and confirm the didactic and pedagogical strategies to be adopted in the school and social context in order to deal with disorders and to counter the risk of early school leaving.
Does Political Information Dissemination Matter on Twitter?
Authors: Chen Jengchung Victor , Hiele Timothy McBush , Sirinimitwong Thitika
Published: September 2022

This study examines the spread of politically related information on Twitter, following the immediate wake of the 2014 Thai coup. The role and use of Twitter cannot be underestimated as it plays a significant and growing impact in conflicts and crises. In specific, this study assessed the use of Twitter in a country like Thailand, where political coups often occur. Furthermore, the incorporation of two perspectives—rumor theory and elaboration likelihood model (ELM)—add value in the assessment of political information dissemination during political turmoil. The study applied both content analysis and survey with rigorous analyses that had tremendous contributions in the course of 2014 Thai coup by understanding the way people behave and use Twitter to spread rumors. Overall, this study sheds vital insights into the ways in which political dissemination is crucial and for people to understand and interpret political coup events.
A Review of COVID-19 Mobile Contact Tracing Applications and Their Impact on Privacy
Authors: Peca Joanne C. , Grimes Galen , Nasereddin Mahdi , Glantz Edward J.
Published: September 2022

Contact tracing is a well-established process that has been utilized for years to assist in the effort to control the spread of contagious diseases. The rapid onset and spread of COVID-19 brought about the need for digital solutions which would help to speed up the collection and analysis of relevant health information. With the proliferation of mobile devices, the development of mobile device-based digital contact tracing applications appeared to be the solution. As countries around the globe created digital contact tracing applications for use by their respective populations, a variety of factors allowed for success for some and resulted in failure for others. This review highlights example countries with respect to their unique COVID-19 digital contact tracing solutions, the success or failure of the applications employed on mobile platforms, and the factors which have contributed to the success or failure of these solutions. Additionally, a review of research around data privacy and security in digital contact tracing apps is included.
Autonomous Flight of High-Endurance UAVs to Monitor Powerlines
Authors: Mata Derek , Pillai Raffael , Sandoval Ryan , Ahmed Shadman Sakib , Lee Do gyu , O'Connell Martin , Kidwell Joshua J. , Dobbs Steven K. , Yu Zhen
Published: September 2022

In this project, the authors will develop a highly efficient UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) architecture for long endurance flights. The authors propose an IoT (internet of things) model that will connect a network of drones using a 4G LTE (long-term evolution) connection. The researchers also propose the use of MEC (mobile edge computing) stations, smart GCSs (ground control stations) for battery replacement, and wireless charging via powerline magnetic field harvesting. The authors will be applying these ideas to a powerline monitoring mission profile, creating a large sensor network with computer vision capabilities to detect powerline faults and report them to the proper authorities.
Does Government Debt Matter for Economic Growth? A Critical Literature Review with Special Focus to Sri Lanka
Authors: Sritharan Lankapathy
Published: September 2022

At present, continuous accumulation of government debt and its consequences to the economy become a vibrant and debatable topic in Sri Lanka. Analysts and policy makers are divided in their opinion with regard to the economic consequences on the debt incurred by the Sri Lankan government. This study discusses the existing theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between public debt and economic growth. Initially, the study reviews the theories related to public debt and economic growth nexus and thereafter proceed to survey the recent empirical literature available on the above. It has been observed that the existing theoretical literature on debt and growth nexus suggest highly heterogeneous conclusions despite the negative relationship which exist between public debt and economic growth and are widely accepted by economists. Subsequent to the recent empirical findings of inverted nonlinear relationship between public debt and economic growth, the economists widely focus to find out the optimal debt levels of countries. The study shows an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between public debt and economic growth in Sri Lanka which is between the threshold of 80 per cent and 90 per cent. In addition to the above, the study finds that there is a considerable gap existing among available literature that does not address the channels through which public debt affect economic growth in a detailed manner.
Distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms
Authors: Narang Sumeet , Dil Jaspreet Singh , Raja A
Published: September 2022

Distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms or pericallosal aneurysms are defined as aneurysms arising from any part of the A2 up to the A5 segments of the anterior cerebral arteries. They are relatively uncommon and have unique salient features that are pertinent to its accepted surgical management, hence requiring strong theoretical and conceptual knowledge. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive review and discussion on DACA aneurysms, from its nomenclature, anatomical characteristics and its impact on the pathophysiology, to the data on surgical management and outcome, and essential considerations required in the microneurosurgical approach, and to summarise the subject in a sequential and wholesome manner for a neurosurgeon at any stage of the career. Extensive review of available literature and surgical experiences published in indexed journals, was consolidated into concise text. DACA aneurysms represent about 6% of all intracranial aneurysms, and A3 aneurysms are the most common subtype. They have been identified at a mean age of 50 years, women more commonly affected, and found to be associated with other intracranial aneurysms. Patients present with subarachnoid haemorrhage in the distal interhemispheric fissure and pericallosal cisterns along with intracerebral and intraventricular haemorrhage in the vicinity of the frontal lobes, most commonly with Hunt and Hess Grade 2. The majority of such patients managed with surgical clipping had complete occlusion achieved in 67% and favourable outcome achieved in as many as 94%, versus a mortality rate of as high as 70% in conservatively managed cases, making surgical clipping through the interhemispheric approach is the preferred treatment modality. DACA is microsurgically interesting and challenging due to its peculiarities in anatomy. Microsurgical clipping of DACA aneurysms has been proven by literature, and tested by time, to be safe and have a favourable outcome, and hence must be taken up with clarity and vigour.
Anesthetic management of intraoperative rupture of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Harkomal
Published: September 2022

Intraoperative rupture of cerebral aneurysm is still the most commonly encountered fearsome complication that leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage and can be life threatening. Despite the advances in medical equipment and procedures, its incidence has not changed much in the past two decades. This article aims at reviewing the existing literature and describes the challenges faced by the diagnostician, surgeons, and anesthesiologists. It delineates the preoperative and perioperative factors that influence the rupture of cerebral aneurysm intraoperatively and further sketches the management of the same. A series of 129 articles related with the topic were searched from PubMed, Cochran, and Google databases to review the factors affecting the intraoperative rupture and its management. These factors were then collaborated and reported in this article to provide concise information on the topic that can direct the improvement in patient outcomes and management. This review concludes that thorough knowledge of the pathophysiology of intraoperative cerebral rupture and identifying the risk factors is the mainstay in better patient outcome. The management of this fearsome complication demands a synergistic approach from the surgeon, neuroradiologist, and the anesthesiologists.
Diagnosis and Severity Evaluation of Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow by Ultrasonography
Authors: Reddy Y. Muralidhar , Murthy Jagarlapudi M. K. , Suresh L. , Jaiswal Shyam Krishnakumar , Pidaparthi Lalitha , Kiran E. S. S.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Traditional diagnostic techniques such as clinical examination and electrodiagnosis are less sensitive in diagnosing ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE). Ultrasonography (USG) is increasingly being used to diagnose UNE. However, clinical applicability is limited by the lack of uniformity in the previous studies. Therefore, we aimed to study in the Indian patients the diagnostic utility of the ulnar nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) and a novel parameter-entrapment index (EI) in UNE measured by USG and to find if both these parameters correlate with the electrodiagnostic severity.

Methods:

This retrospective casecontrol study included 28 patients (36 nerves) of UNE and 12 (24 nerves) age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Electrodiagnostic severity was graded using the Padua classification. USG was performed in both groups, and CSA was measured at the medial epicondyle (ME) and 5 cm proximally and distally. EI was calculated by multiplying the ratio of CSA above ME over CSA at ME by 100. Best cutoffs were derived by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results:

UNE group had significantly higher CSA at all three locations and lower EI than the control group. CSA at ME ≥9.7 mm2 and EI ≤61.5 has sensitivity and specificity of 88.9%/87.5% and 72.2%/79.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference in CSA and EI between nonsevere and severe UNE groups.

Conclusion:

CSA at ME and EI have good sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing UNE. However, they cannot differentiate nonsevere from severe UNE.
Deep Learning for Detecting Supraspinatus Calcific Tendinopathy on Ultrasound Images
Authors: Chiu Pei-Hsin , Boudier-Revéret Mathieu , Chang Shu-Wei , Wu Chueh-Hung , Chen Wen-Shiang , Özçakar Levent
Published: September 2022

Background:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning (DL) algorithms to dichotomize shoulder ultrasound (US) images with or without supraspinatus calcific tendinopathy (SSCT).

Methods:

This was a retrospective study pertaining to US examinations that had been performed by 18 physiatrists with 3–20 years of experience. 133,619 US images from 7836 consecutive patients who had undergone shoulder US examinations between January 2017 and June 2019 were collected. Only images with longitudinal or transverse views of supraspinatus tendons (SSTs) were included. During the labeling process, two physiatrists with 6-and 10-year experience in musculoskeletal US independently classified the images as with or without SSCT. DenseNet-121, a pre-trained model in CNN, was used to develop a computer-aided system to identify US images of SSTs with and without calcifications. Testing accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity calculated from the confusion matrix was used to evaluate the models.

Results:

A total of 2462 images were used for developing the DL algorithm. The longitudinal-transverse model developed with a CNN-based DL algorithm was better for the diagnosis of SSCT when compared with the longitudinal and transverse models (accuracy: 91.32%, sensitivity: 87.89%, and specificity: 94.74%).

Conclusion:

The developed DL model as a computer-aided system can assist physicians in diagnosing SSCT during the US examination.
Cysts of the Fetal Abdomen
Authors: Kahraman Neval Cayonu , Celik Ozge Yucel , Obut Mehmet , Arat Ozgur , Celikkan Cagla , Iskender Cantekin , Celen Sevki , Ustun Yaprak Engin
Published: September 2022

Background:

To evaluate cases diagnosed with fetal abdominal cyst diagnosed in prenatal period.

Methods:

We retrieved the cases diagnosed with fetal abdominal cyst between the years 2018 and 2020 from hospital's database. The localization, origin, dimensions, properties (simple or complex), and characteristics (solid, cystic, vascularity) were noted both in prenatal and postnatal period. We also tested the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography according to endpoint diagnosis revealed postnatally.

Results:

During the study period, a total of 29 cases diagnosed as fetal abdominal cyst. Of them, there were 11 (37.9%) gastrointestinal, 9 (31%) ovarian, 6 (20.6%) genitourinary, 3 (10.3%) hepatobiliary system cysts. In our study, we were able to identify 5 (45%) of 11 fetuses with postnatally confirmed gastrointestinal system cysts, 1 (33%) of 3 fetuses with hepatobiliary system cysts, 3 (50%) of 6 fetuses with urinary system cysts and 6 (66%) of 9 fetuses with ovarian cysts.

Conclusion:

İn this study, the most common abdominal cyst was ovarian cysts. The most difficult to diagnose cysts are those that originated from gastrointestinal system and hepatobiliary system.
Accuracy of Prenatal Ultrasound Scans for Screening Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Divya K. , Iyapparaja P. , Raghavan Anusha , Diwakar Madankumar Parangimalai
Published: September 2022

Children born with clefts encounter various postnatal issues which have a negative impact and long-term psychological effects on both the parents and themselves. This systematic review aims to find the accuracy of two-dimensional (2D)/3D scans for screening cleft lip and palate which would help the parents to be mentally and psychologically prepared to plan for future surgeries. To identify relevant literature, an electronic search was performed using PubMed, Trip database, Cochrane, and Google Scholar database. The search yielded 927 articles, of which 10 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review. These studies showed that the combination of 2D and 3D ultrasound scans has increased the specificity and sensitivity in detecting orofacial clefts, as they aid in improved visualization of the fetal face. However, in future, the visualization of the palate can be improved by inventing other modified views as cleft palate diagnosis is more prone to error.
The Relationship between University Students' Depression, Anxiety, and Stress with Positivity Attitudes and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ocal NU , Kilic M , Uslukilic G
Published: September 2022

Background:

The physical activity of university students is restricted during the pandemic, changes in education and training, and uncertainties during the pandemic caused their social lives to change completely.

Aim:

This study aims to determine the relationship between the depression, anxiety, and stress, and positivity attitudes of university students during the Covid-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) outbreak and their attitudes and behaviors toward the pandemic.

Subjects and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted online among university students, n = 2153 from April 30, 2020 to May 10, 2020. Data were collected with the Positivity Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.

Results:

The proportion of those with moderate and above depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in the study group, respectively, were 40.6%, 24.6%, and 22.5%. The risk ratio of these symptoms is higher among those with lower positive attitudes (OR [odds ratio] = 0.804, 0.897, 0.895, respectively), being women (OR = 1.446, 1.666, 1.471), who are concerned with the transmission of the Covid-19 (OR = 1.144, 1.374, 1.201), who believe their intra-family relations (OR = 1.886, 1.728, 2.083) and education (OR = 1.680, 1.682, 2.132) are negatively affected, and those who are more worried about life after the pandemic.

Conclusion:

Compared with the pre-pandemic period, the frequency of university students showing symptoms of depression increased, and there was no significant change in anxiety and stress levels.
Serum Immunoglobulins, C-Reactive Protein, and Trace Element Level in Preeclamptic Nigerian Subjects
Authors: Nwatah AJ , Ugwu GO , Ugwu CE , Meludu SC
Published: September 2022

Background:

The mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) remains uncertain, and the research into a better understanding, its possible prediction, and subsequent prevention continues.

Aim:

This study evaluated changes in serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM), C-reactive protein, and trace elements (Zn, Cu, and Mn) in preeclamptic, normotensive pregnant, and non-pregnant females.

Subjects and Methods:

The study was conducted among 150 subjects consisting of 50 preeclamptic subjects, 50 healthy normotensive pregnant women in their third trimester, and 50 non-pregnant women, all within the same age bracket. The serum concentration of the immunoglobulins and C-reactive protein were measured using standard immunoturbidimetric methods, whereas the trace elements were assayed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method.

Results:

Serum IgG and IgM levels were observed to be significantly lower (P < 0.05) in preeclamptic subjects (101.22 ± 4.44 and 769.43 ± 1.43 mg/dl), respectively, when compared to the normotensive pregnant women (123.87 ± 1.81 and 881.71 ± 2.80 mg/dl), respectively. There was a non-significant difference in immunoglobulin A levels between the groups (P > 0.05). The C-reactive protein was significantly higher, whereas the trace elements were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in preeclamptic subjects compared to the normotensives. There was a positive correlation between the immunoglobulin G and Zn levels (r = 0.334; P = 0.046) and also between immunoglobulin G and C-reactive protein levels (r = 0.340; P = 0.043) and a negative correlation between systolic blood pressure and manganese levels in preeclamptic subjects (r = −0.375; P = 0.024).

Conclusion:

This study therefore reveals significantly lower levels of immunoglobulins and trace elements among the preeclamptic subjects. These micronutrient deficiencies and low levels of immunoglobulins could be risk factors for the development of high blood pressure and PE.
Colonoscopy in Zaria
Authors: Manko M , Bello AK. , Mohammed MF , Jabir AM , Isah IA , Daniyan M , Mado SM , Mustapha SK , Dauda MM.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Colonoscopy is an important procedure in the management of colorectal diseases. During a colonoscopy, one can visualize the mucosa of the large bowel and perform therapeutic procedures.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to review the indications and findings of colonoscopy in our center. Data on age, gender, indications, and findings at endoscopy were extracted from the endoscopy unit register.

Patients and Methods:

The study is a retrospective descriptive one and included all patients who underwent colonoscopy between June 2017 to December 2019 at the endoscopy unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria. Data on age, gender, indications, and findings at endoscopy were extracted from the endoscopy unit register. The data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 20.

Results:

One hundred and twenty-five patients had a colonoscopy during the period under review with a male to female ratio of 1.9:1. The age range of the patients was 3 to 85 years and the mean age was 46.7 ± 16.7 The most common indications for colonoscopy in our center were lower gastrointestinal bleeding (40 (32%)), followed by suspected colonic tumors (37 (29.6%)), and hemorrhoids (18 (14.4%)). The commonest findings were hemorrhoids (50 (40%)), colonic tumors (25 (20%)), and colitis (21 (16.8%)).

Conclusion:

A colonoscopy is an effective tool in the management of colorectal diseases. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding was the commonest indication for colonoscopy in our center and hemorrhoids and colorectal tumors were the commonest findings.
A Novel Combined Index of D-Dimer, Fibrinogen, Albumin, and Platelet (FDAPR) as Mortality Predictor of COVID-19
Authors: Çelikkol A , Doğan M , Güzel EC , Erdal B , Yılmaz A
Published: September 2022

Background:

In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARSCoV2 viruses, coagulation abnormalities are strongly correlated between disease severity and mortality risk.

Aims:

The aim was to search for new indices to determine mortality risk. Fibrinogen times D-dimer to albumin times platelet ratio calculated with the formula (FDAPR index: ((Fibrinogen × D-dimer)/(Albumin × Platelet)) investigated as a mortality marker in COVID-19 patients. The hospitalization data of 1124 patients were analyzed from the electronic archive system. Hemogram, coagulation, and inflammatory markers were investigated in the study group.

Materials and Methods:

All statistical analyses like the student t-test, Mann–Whitney U, Kaplan–Meier, and Cox hazard ratio, were performed with the SPSS 22.0 program.

Results:

Prothrombin time was prolonged significantly in patients (P < 0.05) compared to healthy subjects (n = 30). D-dimer and fibrinogen were high, and albumin and platelet counts were low in COVID-19 patients (all, P < 0.001). When the data of 224 non-survivors and 900 survived patients were compared, D-dimer and fibrinogen were higher, and albumin and platelet lower (all, P < 0.001) compared to mild and severe patients. At the cut-off value of 0.49, the FDAPR index was performed with 89.1% sensitivity and 88.6% specificity. FDAPR index had the highest mortality predictive power (P < 0.01; HR = 5.366; 95% CI; 1.729–16.654).

Conclusions:

This study revealed that the FDAPR index could be used as a mortality marker of COVID-19 disease.
Ki-67, p-53, E-Cadherin, and β-Catenin Expression of Advanced Glotto-Subglottic and Supraglottic Larynx Carcinomas
Authors: Kara A , Turan G , Guven M , Guven EM , Elden H
Published: September 2022

Background:

Identifying tumor markers that can be used to determine the biological behavior of tumors and predicting their prognosis may be helpful in choosing treatment strategies. Besides the differences in the embryological and histological anatomy of the larynx in this regard, the possibility of molecular causes that can explain the different clinical behaviors has always been a question for the scientific world.

Aim:

In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there were any immunohistochemically molecular differences among laryngeal carcinoma cases originating from two different anatomical regions of the larynx.

Patients and Methods:

The study group consisted of 43 patients. The rate of supraglottic cancers was 41.8%, while the rest had glotto-subglottic tumors. Ki67, β-catenin, E-cadherin, and p53 were examined in pathology preparations obtained by laryngectomy surgeries. The data obtained were analyzed by comparing factors that may affect the prognosis of the disease and between tumors originating from the two different anatomical regions.

Results:

We did not see any statistically significant difference between groups for stage and grade of tumor, tumor recurrence rate, or lymphovascular or perineural invasion rated in terms of the investigated markers. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the two distinct groups in survival analysis.

Conclusions:

With these results, our study differs from some studies in the literature, and we think that this difference could be because the cases in our study consisted of advanced stage tumors and the groups investigated had similar survival rates.
Effects of Lead Exposure on Biomarkers of Thyroid and Renal Function Tests among Panel Beaters in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Kassy CW , Meka IA , Okwor CJ , Onodugo OD , Onodugo NP , Aguwa EN
Published: September 2022

Background:

Occupational lead (Pb) exposure causes multisystem effects at high and sustained low doses. However, there are inconsistencies in the dose–response effects on the thyroid and kidneys.

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the effects of Pb exposure on the biomarkers of thyroid and renal functions among panel beaters in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional analytical study of 428-panel beaters selected using a multistage sampling technique. Blood lead (BPb), thyroid, and kidney biomarkers were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometer at 238.3 nm wavelength, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and automated chemistry analyzer, respectively. Analyses were performed using median, mean, Chi-square, correlation, and statistical significance.

Results:

The median BPb levels were 10.0 μg/dl among participants with about half, 211 (49.3%) having BPb within reference levels. Though the mean values of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and creatinine (Cr) were within the reference values, the majority of 275 (64.25%) of the participants had non-euthyroid statuses. Significant differences were found in TSH (P = 0.001), thyroid status (P = 0.0129), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.00384) between those with BPb within reference level and those with elevated levels.

Conclusion:

Though the mean levels of thyroid hormones and Cr were within their respective reference intervals, there was a preponderance of non-euthyroid status among participants in the present study with the majority of the participants falling within CKD grades 2 and 3.
Posterior Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Posterior Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Unilateral Inguinal Hernia Surgery
Authors: Çaparlar CÖ , Altinsoy S , Akelma FK , Özhan MÖ , Ergil J
Published: September 2022

Background:

Ultrasound-guided truncal nerve blocks are increasingly used for postoperative pain relief after abdominal surgery.

Aim:

The aim of this prospective and randomized study was to compare posterior transversus abdominis plane block (pTAPB) with posterior quadratus lumborum block (pQLB) for postoperative analgesic efficacy in patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia surgery under general anesthesia (GA).

Patients and Methods:

A total of 90 adult patients were randomized into 3 groups: group pTAPB (n = 30), group pQLB (n = 30), and group Control (n = 30). The patients in groups pQLB and pTAPB received a unilateral block using 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine after the induction of GA. Intravenous (IV) tramadol patient control group analgesia (PCA) and paracetamol were used in the postoperative period as a part of the multimodal analgesic regimen in both groups. Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) during postoperative 24 h. Dexketoprofene was used as a rescue analgesic when VAS is >3. The primary outcome measure was mean pain scores. Secondary outcome measures were consumption of rescue analgesics and the amount of tramadol delivered by PCA. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Mean VAS scores were significantly lower in the group pQLB than group pTAPB and group Control at all-time points (pQLB < pTAPB < Control; P < 0.001). Rescue analgesic was not required in group QLB. Rescue analgesic consumption, the number of bolus demand on PCA, and total PCA dose were highest in group Control and lowest in the pQLB group (Control > pTAPB > pQLB; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

It is concluded that both pQLB and pTAPB provided effective pain relief after unilateral inguinal hernia surgery. pQLB was superior to pTAPB due to lower pain scores and analgesic consumption.
The Caffeine Consumption among Turkish Pregnant Women
Authors: Gür Elif Yağmur , Cil Mevra Aydin , Apay Serap Ejder
Published: September 2022

Background:

Caffeine consumption during pregnancy has effect on newborn anthropometry therefore the amount of maternal caffeine consumption is important.

Aim:

This study aims to determine caffeine consumption during pregnancy and related factors.

Subjects and Methods:

This study was carried out in a maternity hospital located in Eastern Turkey from September 2018 to June 2019 with 300 healthy primiparous women and babies. Data were collected by the researchers with a socio-demographic questionnaire and caffeine consumption frequency semi-quantitative questionnaire using the face-to-face interview technique. Postpartum weight and height of the women and length, weight, and head circumference of the newborns were measured. Evaluation of the data was carried out with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test and binary logistic regression analysis was used for relationship analysis.

Results:

The mean daily caffeine intake of the pregnant women was determined as 344.9 ± 181.4 mg/day and 4.9 ± 2.6 mg/kg/day. The babies' mean birth weight was 2943.1 ± 407.4 g, mean length was 50.1 ± 2.2 cm, and mean head circumference was 32.3 ± 1.6 cm. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between caffeine consumption of pregnant women and newborn birth weight and length (P = 0.049; P = 0.007, respectively). After age, economic and educational status, and pre- and post-pregnancy BMI were corrected according to weight increase during pregnancy and after binary logistic regression analysis was performed, it was determined that caffeine consumption did not have an effect on low birth weight (Total caffeine consumption (mg/day), P = 0.669 OR = 1.00, 95% Cl = 0.997-1.002; caffeine consumption (mg/kg), P = 0.549 OR = 0.956, 95% Cl = 0.824-1.109).

Conclusion:

Caffeine consumption of pregnant women is higher than the recommended levels. Therefore, pregnant women should be informed about caffeine sources and consumption amounts.
Clinicopathological Profile of Myxoid Soft Tissue Tumors- A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Sigamani Karthik , Ponnuswamy Karkuzhali
Published: September 2022

Background:

Myxoid soft tissue tumors are rare and diagnostically challenging group of tumors with varied biological behavior ranging from benign, locally aggressive to distantly metastasizing malignant tumors.

Aims:

The objectives of the study are to identify the relative frequency and distribution of myxoid soft tissue tumors among patients in a tertiary care hospital and to study the clinicopathological features of these tumors. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in the department of pathology of a tertiary care hospital from January 2008 to December 2013.

Materials and Methods:

Clinical and pathological details of all the 80 myxoid soft tissue tumors reported during the study period were retrieved from the records of department of pathology. Corresponding Hematoxylin & Eosin (H & E) slides were reviewed, and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out for confirmation. The relationship among various prognostic variables was analyzed in case of myxoid sarcomas.

Results:

Myxoid soft tissue tumors accounted for 3.7% among the soft tissue tumors with a predominance of malignant myxoid sarcomas (71.25%) in contrast to the overall picture of sarcomas. Myxoid neurofibroma (34.78%) was the most common benign tumor, while myxofibrosarcoma (33.33%) was the frequent myxoid sarcoma. A statistically significant correlation was seen between tumor size and depth (P-value: 0.038) and also between presence of vascular invasion and histological grade (P-value: 0.012) of sarcomas.

Conclusion:

Light microscopic morphology, supplemented by ancillary techniques like IHC, remains the cornerstone for diagnosis of myxoid soft tissue tumors.