bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of etiology and management of epistaxis in a tertiary center in Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Aditya Gupta  , Probal Chatterji  , Jain Akshay
Published: July 2023

Background: Epistaxis is a common condition but with diverse etiology dependent on geography, season, climate, and demography.
Aims and Objectives: To describe the demographic, clinical, and etiological profile and management strategies of epistaxis cases at a tertiary center in U.P. (west).
Materials and Methods: Patients were identified from the emergency and outpatient department, and their demographic and clinical details were noted. Local examination was performed, and necessary investigations were carried out. Management strategies were noted. Duration of hospital stay and mortality, if any, was documented. Descriptive analytics were used. Data were represented as numbers and percentages, mean±standard deviation, and median.
Results: A total of 189 epistaxis patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients was 32.89±17.92 (range 1–85 years). The sex ratio (M: F) was 2.71. Majority of patients presented to the emergency department (60.3%) within 1 day (64.6%), had single episode (66.7%), the presence of old clot (72%) and the anterior location of bleeding (91.5%). 119 (63%) cases required admission. Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography scan were performed in 49 (25.9%) and 24 (12.7%) cases, respectively. The most common etiology was trauma (49.2%), followed by idiopathic cause (14.8%), hypertension (12.7%), and others. Nasal packing and cauterization were required in 16.4% and 15.9% of cases, respectively. Surgery was required in 5 (2.6%) cases. A minuscule percentage of cases required blood transfusion. There was no mortality.
Conclusion: Epistaxis is a common emergency with males predominating over females. Causes are varied. Most patients can be managed conservatively with favorable outcomes if timely intervention is done.
Physical fitness and its association with anthropometric parameters in medical students
Authors: Nida Nowreen  , Mudasir Bashir  , Ishtiaq Ahmad Sofi  , Sheikh Imran Sayeed
Published: July 2023

Background: Although determined partly by genetics, physical fitness can be affected by a series of factors, such as sedentary behaviors, physical activity, and obesity. In general, medical students have considerable information about healthy lifestyle and dietary habits compared to other professional courses. Unfortunately, knowledge does not always translate into practice in terms of maintaining good health.
Aims and Objectives: The study aims to assess the physical fitness and evaluate its association with body mass index (BMI) in medical students.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional was conducted in the Department of Physiology among the 1st-year students of Government Medical College, Srinagar, from December 2022 to February 2023. A total of 116 students in the age group of 18–22 years participated in the study. Descriptive data for age (years), gender height (m), and weight (Kg) were obtained and BMI was calculated. Physical fitness index (PFI) was measured using the modified Harvard step test.
Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity according to BMI was 41.3% (34.4% were overweight and 6.0% were obese). Among the participants, 81.7% of participants had a PFI of average to excellent while as 18.3% of participants had a PFI of low to poor. The study found a weak negative association (r-value=−0.07) between BMI and physical fitness, which was statistically not significant.
Conclusion: The present study found a weak association between physical fitness and BMI which was statistically not significant. Although majority of students had good to excellent PFI, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be quite high in them.
A comparative study on port-site infection following gall bladder retrieval using endobag and conventional method in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Jemin Bharath R  , Renganathan M  , Mukesh Kumar P  , Ganesh Kumar C  , Sathyaraj P
Published: July 2023

Background: Gallbladder (GB) retrieval is essential to reduce postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Limited data are available for the use of endobags for GB extraction.
Aims and Objectives: The study aims to assess the incidence of postoperative infection after GB extraction.
Materials and Methods: The randomized prospective study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Government Rajaji Hospital, for 6 months. After the ethical approval, 100 patients who underwent elective LC were enrolled in the study. Patients who underwent LC and removed the GB using an endobag were included in Group A. The patients in whom the bladder was removed without using an endobag were included in Group B.
Results: The study reports a female predominance, 76% in Group A and 70% in Group B. A significant difference was reported between the port-site spill in Group B patients who underwent conventional treatment without endobags and reported spillage in six patients (12.0%). In addition, port-site infection was also prevalent in four patients under Group B with a significant difference, respectively. The mean operating time was higher in Group A patients with 88.24±7.4 (hours) compared with Group B with 85.3±6.6 (hours); however, no significant difference was reported between operating time and hospital stay.
Conclusion: The use of endobags in GB extraction has been reported beneficial with a lower incidence of port-site spillage and infection. This signifies the essential benefit of endobags for GB extraction with a lower incidence of postoperative complications.
Post-COVID-19 fungal rhinosinusitis – Correlation between histopathological and microbiological findings
Authors: Chaithra K  , Preeta Naik  , Purushotham R  , Nagesha KR
Published: July 2023

Background: COVID-19 was a global pandemic. In the late December 2019, several patients presented with symptoms of pneumonia. Coronavirus is the pathogen frequently affecting respiratory system and gastrointestinal system. There was surge in the number of cases of COVID-19 associated with the fungal rhinosinusitis, mainly by Mucormycosis and Aspergillus. This study was done to analyze and correlate various fungal etiologies in post-COVID-19 patients presenting with fungal infections and correlating histopathological findings with frozen section, KOH mount findings, and fungus culture.
Aims and Objectives: (1) The aims and objectives of the study are to identify the causative fungal species in biopsy specimens of clinically suspected post-COVID-19 fungal rhinosinusitis and (2) to correlate histopathology findings with frozen section, KOH mount, and fungus culture.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study conducted over a period of 4 months between May 2021 and August 2021. Total of 30 nasal biopsies were included. Patients’ data were obtained from department of pathology, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan.
Results: Out of 30 cases, 66.67% were males and 33.33% were females with male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Majority of the cases were belonged to 41–50 years of age with mean age of 50 years. On histopathological examination, 56.67% cases were Mucor, 10% cases were mixed Mucor and Aspergillus infection. Out of 30 cases, 24 cases showed good correlation between histopathology and fungus culture.
Conclusion: In our study, we found good correlation of histopathology with fungus culture findings.
Uridine as a novel fuel for cancer cells
Authors: Dhar Ruby , Arun Kumar  , Subhradip Karmakar
Published: July 2023

Cancer cells are known to have an enormous appetite for calorie. This is something they are addicted to sustain their unrestricted growth and rapid proliferation. In order to accomplish this feat, cancer cells has evolved multiple mechanisms, rewiring their metabolic circuitry such that metabolic fuels are preferentially diverted to meet their energy demands. A classic example (Warburg effect) of this is aerobic glycolysis and preferential production of lactate to produce ATP (without relying on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation). Further, rapid proliferation of cancer cells, exhausts the nutrient and oxygen supply derived from the existing vasculature, making them hypoxic. In turn triggers the upregulation of pro angiogenic factors from the hypoxic tumor sites( HIF), which in turn re-vascularizes the tumor mass, bringing in metabolic cargo.
When it comes to cancer metabolism, cancer cells are highly innovative to devise novel mechanisms to bypass metabolic regulations and   In a recent article published in Nature Metabolism,  Skinner et al. identified an unusual source of glucose in cancer cells. Ribose moiety of uridine can be repurposed to replenish the energy requirements in cancer cells  thorough  the uridine phosphorylase UPP1/UPP2 mediated cleavage of uridine into its constituents , uracil and ribose-1-phosphate (R1P).  R1P is then utilized to convert into fructose-6-P and glyceraldehyde-3-P by the non-oxidative branch of the HMP shunt back to glycolysis and  ATP production.
These findings are novel and intuitive. It means that the cancer cells has the ability to salvage  glucose  from uridine, when needed. This also indicates that cutting off Uridine supply to cancer cells maybe a mechanism to target cancer cells .
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF COMPOSITE BOX BEAMS WITH CORRODED BOTTOM FLANGE UNDER MONOTONIC AND REPEATED LOADS
Authors: Khudair Abbass Ghufran , Hameed Aziz Ali
Published: July 2023

The current research is dedicated to studying the flexural behavior of composite box beams with corroded bottom flanges. Six simply supported beam specimens were manufactured and tested. The composite box beams were fabricated with steel box beams of 1100mm, 100mm, and 100mm for length, width, and height, respectively, while the concrete deck slabs were made with dimensions of 1100mm, 400mm, and 50mm for length, width, and thickness, respectively. The composite sections were formed by connecting the RC deck slabs with the steel box beams by using a headed shear connector. Three main variables were considered; the load type (monotonic or repeated), bottom flange thickness (with or without corrosion), and whether to consider or ignore the strengthening by CFRP strip. Experimental results indicated that the ultimate loads were decreased by 29-33% for the corroded bottom flange beam specimens; while the ultimate loads for the strengthened beam specimens were increased by 60-67% as compared with the un-strengthened corroded corresponding beam specimens. Also, the change of the applied loads from monotonic to repeated leads to a reduction of the ultimate load by 17-22%.
EVALUATION OF TIME OVERRUNS AND TIME MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN ERBIL CITY
Authors: Jihad Mohammed Aksana
Published: July 2023

Successful people utilize their time judiciously. The challenge of completing construction projects within the estimated time frame is the biggest concern among practitioners.     In this research two aspects have been highlighted, first; the most significant factor of time overrun in construction projects performed by Erbil Municipality during road construction. The second aspect is the time management methods held by the project team.  A random sampling technique was used to administer 126 questionnaires to professionals such as Project managers, Engineers, and contractors working on road construction projects for Erbil municipality.  On the other hand, a case study has been conducted for 70 constructed projects during 2018-2022 for the evaluation of time management techniques in road construction projects by identifying the process of monitoring, software packages that are used for that, the progress of work, and investigating how progress records are kept in Erbil City municipality projects. The results revealed that the most significant factor for time overrun was the economic crisis which led to the failure to pay contractors' dues in a timely manner, followed by the unreasonable time frame for the completion of projects. Used techniques and software packages for time management were identified It is revealed that there is no specific method for managing time. Multiple methods are used depending on the situation.
MAXIMUM POWER EXTRACTION USING TWISTING SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER FOR WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS
Authors: Abed Faisal Asaad , Kahawish Hassan Turki
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a systematic control scheme for a wind energy conversion system with variable speed and describes a permanent magnet synchronous generator PMSG with five phases. The machine employs back-to-back converters, while the grid-side converters are used. Stator current and mechanical rotation speed control are employed to accomplish maximum power point tracking operation on the machine side converter at wind speed below the rated speed. The pitch of the angle is used to limit the extracted wind energy when the wind surpasses the specified wind. The grid current control loop regulates both active and reactive power injection at the unity power factor for the grid side converter. The five-phase PMSG rotor speed is controlled by the twisting sliding mode controller in order to maintain the reference speed in various wind speeds. Performance comparisons between the twisting sliding mode controller, conventional proportional integral controller, and integral sliding mode controller show that the twisting sliding mode controller is superior to the other controllers in steady state error. According to this study, the overall efficiency is increased to 94% when using the TSMC controller rather than the ISMC and PI controllers, which are currently at 92.45% and 88.12% respectively. MATLAB/Simulink simulation results are used to verify the effectiveness of the suggested control technique.
The State of Strategic Hedging: Turkey’s Foreign Policy and Relations with Russia
Authors:   Moscow State University, Russia, Shlykov Pavel V.
Published: July 2023

The article analyzes the multidimensional nature of Turkey’s foreign policy and its relations with Russia in the 2010s and the early 2020s through the prism of strategic hedging concept. Since the late 2010s, Turkey has systematically positioned itself as a power aspiring for significant strategic autonomy in international affairs. Due to a complex of international and domestic reasons, Turkey has been trying to combine different types of balancing and hedging. This strategy enables Turkey to enhance its strategic autonomy in international relations. Russia has become an important source of Turkey’s strategic autonomy while the crisis in Ukraine, with all its negative impact on Turkey, has opened up new opportunities.
Franco-Russian Great Power Rivalry in the Sahara-Sahel Region
Authors:   National Research University–Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Nadzharov Alexander M. , Entina Ekaterina G. ,   National Research University–Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2023

The confrontation between Paris and Moscow, which commenced at the end of last decade in the Sahara-Sahel region, is largely a consequence of the weaknesses of the French foreign policy in the region, which Russia strives to exploit to its political and economic benefit. The hotspots of this confrontation are Libya and Mali, where the Franco-Russian rivalry has led to the global securitization of the conflict (in both countries), transformation of the regional balance of power (in Libya), and the aggravation of existing security problems (in Mali). Overall, the Franco-Russian rivalry in the Sahara-Sahel region is a phenomenon of the upcoming age of multipolarity and a new Scramble for Africa.
Akibat Tidak ada Perubahan Kepemilikan atas Efek dalam Perjanjian Repurchase Agreement (REPO) Ditinjau dari Hukum Pasar Modal
Authors: Mentari Puspa , Suryanti Nyulistiowati , Suwandono Agus
Published: July 2023

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat Transaksi Repurchase Agreement atau dikenal juga dengan Transaksi Repo adalah perjanjian jual beli Efek dengan komitmen untuk menjual atau membeli kembali pada waktu dan harga yang ditentukan. Masalah difokuskan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang implikasi hukum dari ketiadaan perubahan kepemilikan efek dalam Repo Agreement dalam perspektif hukum pasar modal. Perkembangan transaksi Repo di Indonesia diiringi juga dengan munculnya berbagai permasalahan dalam praktiknya. Guna mendekati masalah ini dipergunakan acuan teori dari hukum perjanjian. Data–data dikumpulkan melalui kepustakaan dan studi lapangan, dan alat pengumpul data studi dokumen dan wawancara dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perjanjian Repo yang tidak mengakibatkan perubahan kepemilikan atas Efek/obyek Repo melanggar Pasal 3 ayat (1) POJK No. 09/POJK.04.2015 sehingga perjanjian tersebut tidak memenuhi syarat objektif perjanjian yang sah. Akibat hukum dari tidak terpenuhinya syarat objektif tersebut adalah perjanjian menjadi batal demi hukum dan kembali ke keadaan semula seakan-akan perjanjian tidak pernah ada.
Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Platform E-Commerce terhadap Penjualan Buku Bajakan (Studi Komparasi Indonesia dan Malaysia)
Authors: Yuswar Cheryl Patriana , Saviera Lesly , Rosmalinda  , Sirait Ningrum Natasya
Published: July 2023

Artikel tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaturan tanggung jawab platform e-commerce terhadap penjualan buku bajakan dalam regulasi di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Data-data dikumpulkan melalui penulisan hukum normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis dan dianalisis secara kualitatif.  Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa platform e-commerce bertanggung jawab pada penyelenggaraan sistem elektronik yang aman. Namun di Indonesia dan Malaysia, penyedia platform e-commerce tidak dapat diminta bertanggung jawab secara hukum jika terbukti ada kesalahan dari penjual yang menggunakan platfromnya untuk kegiatan yang dilarang oleh hukum seperti penjualan buku bajakan. Sebagai gantinya, platform e-commerce dapat melakukan tanggung jawab moral dengan melakukan monitoring dan menegakkan tindakan yang menjadi kebijakan platform e-commerce pada websitenya.
Impact Execution of Minimum Support Prices and their Effects on Sustainable Agriculture Practices: A SEM Analysis
Authors: Bagria Vipin Kumar
Published: July 2023

For many households to continue to have a means of subsistence, agriculture is essential, particularly in India. This paper examines the most significant aspects of the MSP and its impact on environmentally Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAP). These 390 marginal farmers were selected in Rajasthan using a survey methodology that included well-organized and convenient sampling procedures. According to the findings, the producers appeared to have prior knowledge of the MSP. Several supply factors, such as Area under cultivation, Productivity of land, Processing cost, Transportation, Distribution, Taxes, fee, and Subsidies, were found to have a positive and substantial relationship with SAP. In a similar vein, SAP is positively correlated with production costs, input costs, market prices, demand and supply, inflation, and international pricing. Agricultural factors influence all these factors. To make agriculture in Rajasthan more sustainable, an original and forward-thinking conceptual paradigm was developed. This study expands upon the conventional applications of MSP and SAP, thereby adding to the existing corpus of knowledge.
EXPLOSIVE-EFFUSIVE ERUPTION OF ALAID VOLCANO IN 2022 (ATLASOVA ISLAND, NORTHERN KURIL ISLANDS)
Authors:   Federal state budgetary institution of science Institute of marine Geology and Geophysics FEB RAS, Degterev A.V. , Chibisova M.V. ,   Federal state budgetary institution of science Institute of marine Geology and Geophysics FEB RAS, Romanyuk F.A. ,   Federal state budgetary institution of science Institute of marine Geology and Geophysics FEB RAS
Published: July 2023

Data are presented on a moderate effusive-explosive eruption of the summit crater of Alaid volcano (Atlasov Island, Northern Kuril Islands) observed from September 10 to December 1, 2022. Based on satellite and visual data, it was found that as a result of Strombolian-Volcan activity two lava flows, 2.6 and 1 km long, were poured out on the southern slope of the volcano, and at least 16 emissions occurred to a height of 2.5 to 6 km a.s.l. The ash plumes spread out mainly in the southeast and east-southeast directions, their maximum length reaching 300–500 km. The eruption posed a danger to local airlines. The lava outpouring provoked the formation of lahars that descended the southern slope of the volcano and reached the island coast. The alluvial fan formed from mudflow masses partially deposited beyound the coastline, causing an increase in the island land.
The paper presents the results of the study of physical and chemical characteristics of thermo-mineral waters of the Daginsky field (Sakhalin Island) after the reconstruction of the captation structures in 2019–2020. The analysis of the data indicates the stability of the chemical composition of thermo-mineral waters before and after reconstruction works on the territory of springs. The thermo-mineral waters had a typical Cl-Na composition, and the values of the hydrogeochemical indicators did not exceed the range of values established by the analysis of data for these waters over a multi-year period (1958–2019). However, for most of the springs whose captation structures underwent reconstruction, a significant drop in the surface temperatures of thermo-mineral waters (by 5–15°C) was recorded. The indicated temperature anomaly is not related to changes in the origin of discharged thermo-mineral waters or to seasonal air temperature variation. The observed drop in temperatures may be a consequence of a decrease in the flow rates of the springs after construction work, as well as technically incorrect design of the thermal baths.
Authors:   Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikitenko O.A. , Ershov V.V. ,   Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zharkov R.V. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Ustyugov G.V. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2023

The paper presents the results of the study of physical and chemical characteristics of thermo-mineral waters of the Daginsky field (Sakhalin Island) after the reconstruction of the captation structures in 2019–2020. The analysis of the data indicates the stability of the chemical composition of thermo-mineral waters before and after reconstruction works on the territory of springs. The thermo-mineral waters had a typical Cl-Na composition, and the values of the hydrogeochemical indicators did not exceed the range of values established by the analysis of data for these waters over a multi-year period (1958–2019). However, for most of the springs whose captation structures underwent reconstruction, a significant drop in the surface temperatures of thermo-mineral waters (by 5–15°C) was recorded. The indicated temperature anomaly is not related to changes in the origin of discharged thermo-mineral waters or to seasonal air temperature variation. The observed drop in temperatures may be a consequence of a decrease in the flow rates of the springs after construction work, as well as technically incorrect design of the thermal baths.
THE PARAMUSHIR MW = 7.4 EARTHQUAKE OF MARCH 25, 2020
Authors:   amchatka Branch of Geophysical Survey of RAS, Chebrov D.V. , Abubakirov I.R. ,   amchatka Branch of Geophysical Survey of RAS, Gubanova A.A. ,   Kamchatka Branch of Geophysical Survey of RAS, Glukhov V.E. ,   Kamchatka Branch of Geophysical Survey of RAS, Lander A.V. ,   Institute of Earthquake Prediction Theory and Mathematical Geophysics RAS, Matveenko E.A. ,   Kamchatka Branch of Geophysical Survey of RAS, Mityushkina S.V. ,   Kamchatka Branch of Geophysical Survey of RAS, V.M. Pavlov V.M. Pavlov ,   Kamchatka Branch of Geophysical Survey of RAS, Saltykov V.A. ,   Kamchatka Branch of Geophysical Survey of RAS, Senyukov S.L. ,   Kamchatka Branch of Geophysical Survey of RAS, Titkov N.N. ,   Kamchatka Branch of Geophysical Survey of RAS
Published: July 2023

The strong Mw = 7.4 earthquake occurred on March 25, 2020 in the region of Northern Kuril Islands, with its epicenter on the ocean side of the Kuril-Kamchatka deep-water trench, to the east from its axis. The earthquake was felt on all the Kuril Islands, South and East Kamchatka, the maximum shaking was recorded in Severo-Kurilsk with intensity I = VI–VII. Distinct tsunami wave was also registered. In the article, this earthquake and its tectonic position are discussed in the context of the seismicity of the Kuril-Kamchatka arc. The actions of duty shifts in earthquake processing are described, and a detailed description of macroseismic effects is given. The results of the analysis of peak ground motion amplitudes, focal mechanisms and models of the source, tsunami propagation features are also shown. Coseismic displacements revealed by GNSS observation data are presented and compared with model data. Peculiarities and stages of the aftershock process are discussed and the size of the source area is estimated.
APPLICATION OF RADON ISOTOPES TO STUDY ROCKS STRESS STATE VARIATIONS IN EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION
Authors:   Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of RAS, Yurkov A.K. , Kozlova I.A. ,   Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of RAS, Biryulin S.V. ,   Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of RAS
Published: July 2023

The results of interpretation of monitoring observations of radon-220 (thoron) and radon-222 monitoring observations, carried out in 2002-2004 on the Northern Tien-Shan, are presented. Prognostic capabilities of thoron as a short-term earthquakes precursor are shown. It is noted that the anomalies of thoron are more contrast in comparison with anomalies of radon-222. Insufficient contrast of radon-222 anomalies is explained by methodological in observations by seismic radon stations. The behavior of thoron during the earthquake preparation agrees with the previously established spatial-temporal patterns for radon-222 (Kozlova et al., 2021 Radon isotopes are most suitable for monitoring observations of the earthquake preparation process using gases that are part of the underground atmosphere. The prospect of using other gases is limited by the absence of their continuous generation, by the presence of a cumulative effect, and by the difficulty of registration. The above also applies to the use for prognostic purposes of variations in the content of chemical compounds dissolved in groundwater.
STUDY OF SEISMIC RESPONSE OF SOILS IN MICROSEISMIC SOUNDINGS OF DAMS
Authors:   Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Davydov V.A.
Published: July 2023

The basic fundamentals of spectral analysis of horizontal and vertical components of microseismic noise for studying the geological structure of dams are presented. The issues of constructing deep sections of three dynamic parameters of microseisms are considered. The aim of the work is to study the seismic reaction of soils during microseismic sounding of hydraulic structures. The main objectives of the research include the comparison of deep sections of soil reinforcement coefficients with sections of transmission ratios and data from other geophysical methods. As a result of microseismic sounding of three hydraulic structures, it was found out that the seismic reaction of the clay core of dams differs significantly from the surrounding soils. The amplification coefficients in the bedrock and dispersed soils of the aeration zone are characterized by minimal values. For water-saturated clays, these values are 5–10 times higher, which may indicate that the main reason for the increase in the level of microseismic noise is an increase in the overall porosity and moisture of soils. It is noted that the amplification coefficients of horizontal microseisms are more noise-resistant and detailed compared to the parameters of vertical microseisms. It is stated that deep sections of dynamic microseism parameters allow us to confidently distinguish the main elements of the structure of soil dams, as well as to identify probable zones of increased filtration.
STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND HEAT GENERATION ABILITY OF Fe2O3 MAGNETIC MATERIALS
Authors: Dovchinvanchig Maashaa  , Enkhtsetseg Purevdagva  , Gangantogos Yadamsuren  , Tsetsegmaa Agvaantseren
Published: July 2023

In recent years, research on the use of magnetic nanomaterials in biomedicine, especially in hyperthermia treatment of tumors, has been developing rapidly. The basic principle of tumor heat therapy is to bring magnetic powder together with other drugs to the site of the tumor and, when exposed to a high-frequency alternating magnetic field, the particles release heat and stop the growth of tumor cells. Magnetic materials with the ability to release heat are powder magnetic materials with ferrimagnetic properties.This article presents the results of a study of the microstructure and heat release ability of iron oxide ferromagnets synthesized by microwaves.
Periodic Medical Examination: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ahmed Fayiza Manzoor , Aizuddin Azimatun Noor , Bakhtiar Nor Farah , Ali Azizan
Published: July 2023

A periodic medical examination is also referred to as a health screening, an annual health checkup, a preventive health check or a general health checkup. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review in order to identify the techniques, their origin, and conceptual foundation, as well as the instruments or items that were utilised in evaluating views about periodic medical examinations. Three databases were searched using the PRISMA checklist for publication searches from inception to April 2019. Some of the PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) acronym selection criteria that were looked for included: focusing on general health check-ups and involving adults; and is published in peer-reviewed journals from inception to April 2019, with full-text papers available in English. Of the 2,445 articles identified, 340 were examined, and only 15 were finally included in this review. One study used a mixed method and another two qualitative methods, while the rest were quantitative in nature. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to evaluate the overall quality of each item that was kept. A multi-factorial impact on periodic medical examination is seen in the practice of periodic medical examination. Lack of awareness, self-practice, and compliance with suggestions from healthcare experts might be responsible. As a medical examination is the initial step of a healthcare intervention, action taken at this stage may help in management later, thus maximising the advantages of health check-ups. In order to get the full benefits of periodic health checks, a wide variety of techniques will be required.
A Case Series of RT-QuIC Positive Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease-First Two Cases from Malaysia
Authors: Muagan Sugenthiran , Padmanathan Sathiapriya , Regaibalan Dinesh , Chan Lai Fong , Khoo Ching Soong , Tan Hui Jan
Published: July 2023

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is invariably a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that presents rapidly progressive dementia with multifaceted involvement of the nervous system. In this case series, we present case reports of two elderly patients diagnosed with sporadic CJD who presented with rapid progression of cognitive decline and myoclonus. Supportive findings on further investigations included cortical ribboning on diffusion-weighted MRI brain; generalised periodic complexes on electroencephalogram with positive cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 and pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) detection on RT QuIC confirming the diagnosis of sporadic CJD in both cases to a great extent.
Adult Moyamoya Syndrome as A Manifestation of Varicella-Associated Cerebral Vasculopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Rozi Nur Raziana Binti , Bahtiar Mohamad Syahiirul Afifi , Hassan Radhiana , Basiam Sulaila
Published: July 2023

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive large intracranial artery narrowing and development of small vessel collaterals. Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) refers to the angiographic findings of MMD with predisposing medical conditions. Varicella-associated cerebral vasculopathy (VACV) is a severe complication of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection and its association with MMS is rare in adult. We report on a case of a 55-year-old lady who presented with progressively worsening dysphasia and left lower limb weakness following a week of right herpes zoster ophthalmicus infection. The initial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain demonstrated features of encephalitis with micro abscesses. Her serial repeated MRI brain imagings subsequently demonstrated worsening of cerebral infarctions with right internal carotid artery stenosis and basal ganglia collaterals suggestive of Moyamoya vasculopathy. This case highlights the rare association of VACV with MMS and should be considered as a potential serious complication in patients with VZV infection.
Construction of Sexual and Gender Minority Identity among Malay-Muslim Natal Females: A Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Syed Jaapar Sharifah Zubaidiah , Muhamad Rosediani , Abdul Razak Asrenee , Bakar Mujahid
Published: July 2023

Malay-Muslim identity is the regular norm among Malays in Malaysia; however, this identity has been challenged with the emergence of sexual-and-gender minority (SGM). Even though Malay cultural values and Islamic teachings prohibit same-sex orientation and cross-gender, a SGM group has evolved among Malay-Muslim natal females. This meta-synthesis was conducted to explore the psychosocial factors involved in the construction of SGM and its consequences among Malay natal females in Malaysia using the Sandelowski-Barroso approach. A systematic search of articles was done in the selected databases by using identified keywords between October to December 2020. Twelve full articles were included after proper screening and in-depth reviews. The quality of these articles was assessed independently by two researchers. The articles were then analysed using ATLAS.ti 8 software to group the data into subthemes and themes. Lastly, the effect sizes of each subtheme were calculated. Three main themes were identified: affection seeking, hurtful experience and nurturing influences. Malay natal females also shared consequences following construction of SGM identity which include acceptance from community, continuous conflicts in life and mental health consequences. This meta-synthesis revealed the influences that shape the construction of Malay SGM women. Thus, interventions shall be planned to aid them according to cultural and psychosocial factors.
Childhood Vaccine Hesitancy in selected Islamic and Muslim-majority Countries : Result Synthesis from a Scoping Review
Authors: Samsudin Khalsom , Abdul Manaf Rosliza , Mahmud Aidalina
Published: July 2023

Vaccine hesitancy and refusal were linked to various religious beliefs, including Islam. Regardless, there were limited studies which offer insights into the role of religious affiliations and related misconceptions in childhood vaccination refusal and hesitancy in Islamic and Muslim Majority countries (MMC). Therefore, this review identifies the prevalence of childhood vaccine hesitancy and its contributory factors while determining the role of religious beliefs in childhood vaccine hesitancy in Islamic states and MMC. We examined four electronic databases for published studies related to childhood vaccine hesitancy and refusal in Islamic countries or MMC from 2011 to 2021. Results revealed that the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and vaccine refusal range from 8.0% to 21.0% and 1.0% to 58%, respectively, which was comparable to other countries. Parental reasons contributing towards vaccine hesitancy and refusal include concerns related to vaccine safety, side effects and effectiveness, preference for alternative measure to prevent disease, prior bad experiences, and healthcare system distrust. Religious reasons instigating vaccine hesitancy include concerns that vaccine consists of haram ingredients, beliefs that vaccine is against God’s will, perceptions of vaccine being harmful, influences from religious leaders, and distrust towards religious authorities supporting vaccination. In brief, various factors induce vaccine hesitancy and refusal in Islamic states and MMC. Further studies could provide better insights into the role of religious factors in childhood vaccine hesitancy within local contexts in order to formulate effective interventions to address this issue.
The Perception of Doctor Bullying by Patients and Relatives at Malaysian Emergency Departments in Regional Referral Hospitals
Authors: HS Arvinder-Singh , Jetly Kavita , HSS Amar-Singh
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION: Bullying can occur in terms of physical, verbal, mental, sexual, and/or litigation. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Emergency Department (ED) doctors being bullied by patients and/or relatives, the types of bullying faced and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) it may have caused them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in all 14 Malaysian state-tertiary government EDs. EDs were chosen as they encountered the maximum number of patients in hospitals. Data was obtained electronically among doctors randomized in each hospital. A validated questionnaire (POPAS-NZ) was used to determine the act of bullying and the impact of the most distressing event (IES-R scale) to detect PTSD. RESULTS: In total, 316 doctors participated in this study and the majority (98.7%) experienced some kind of bullying (98.1% faced verbal abuse). Among those bullied, 83.7% of doctors reported verbal abuse to be the most distressing event. Most of the preparators of the distressing incident were by accompanying relatives of patients (62.1%). Sexual abuse caused PTSD of concern- high enough to suppress the immune system. The final factors that were deemed to be significant to the mental abuse were age (p=0.03) and gender (p ≤ 0.001). Ladies had 2.69 times the odds (AOR 95% CI:1.57;4.60) to be mentally abused compared to men. Ladies had 5.50 times the odds (AOR 95% CI:1.88;16.11) to be sexually abused compared to men. CONCLUSION: Most doctors who worked in the ED faced bullying- commonest being verbal abuse. Sexual abuse caused the most distressing PTSD
The Difference in Brain Processing Between Animate and Inanimate Beings in Moral Violation: An Electrophysiological Evidence
Authors: Yusoff Nasir , Chin Chun Ming
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION: Moral violation is known to elicit negative moral emotions and is associated with the electroencephalography (EEG)-derived P300 wave. However, the neural basis of moral categorisation (immoral behaviors towards animate beings or inanimate beings) has yet to be explored in moral psychology, which may increase knowledge and further understanding of brain function for the rehabilitation process. Thus our study aims to investigate the difference in brain processes between animate and inanimate moral violations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six participants (mean age of 24 years old) were involved in the experimental observation that was held in the Neuroscience Laboratory. In the event-related potential (ERP) session, EEG-derived P300 data were recorded while participants viewed a random series of 200 trials of visual stimuli that were distributed according to the odd-ball paradigm. The trials consisted of three image categories (15% of immoral behaviour toward animate beings, 15% of immoral behaviour to non-animate beings, and 70% of neutral images). Participants also pressed the buttons numbered ‘1’ or ‘2’ while responding to animate beings and inanimate beings, respectively. RESULTS: When compared to neutral images and nonanimate objects, the brain regions that were activated with immoral behavior toward animate beings had the biggest P300 amplitude with stronger neural activation in the temporal and occipital regions. CONCLUSION: Immoral behaviour towards animate beings is associated with greater neural cognition, as reflected by the activation in most brain regions. This discovery contributes to a better understanding of the moral foundation. It could be applied in determining the abnormal pattern of brain function and as a baseline reference to be used in the medical rehabilitation field.
Sleep Disturbances and Sensory Processing among Autism Spectrum Disorder Children
Authors: Abu Bakar Muhammad Radhi Rahimi , Thanapalan Chandra Kannan , Shaharudin Muhammad Iqbal , Abd Rahman Nur Fatin Nabila
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION: Research on sleep disturbances and sensory processing disorder (SPD) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has received little attention. Identification of sensory components that cause sleep disturbances among ASD children will guide the therapists to select the best intervention for the condition. This study aims to identify the pattern of sensory processing that is responsible for sleep disturbance among ASD children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 55 ASD children between three and 18 years old who participated in the study. SPD was analyzed using Short Sensory Profile (SSP) while sleep disturbances utilized the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). RESULTS: The subscale of SPD showed a strong correlation with the score for overall sleep disturbances. The subscales SPD are movements sensitivity with a positive association and auditory filtering with a negative correlation association (p<0.05). However, no significant association between total SPD and sleep disturbances (p>0.05) were noted. CONCLUSION: This finding may therefore shed light that SPD and sleep disturbances need to be addressed reciprocally. Increasing the number of participants and battery of tests are required to accurately determine the relationship between SPD and sleep disturbances.
The Evolving Management Approach to Musculoskeletal Infection
Authors: Mohd Yusof Prof. Dr. Nazri
Published: July 2023

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Analyse descriptive des accidents de salles d’escalade de bloc indoor
Authors: Verhamme B. , Nakatani N. , Persico N. , Roch A. , Resseguier N.
Published: July 2023

Objectif : L’escalade de bloc indoor connaît un engouement croissant avec l’ouverture de salles dans toutes les grandes agglomérations françaises. Toutefois, cette activité n’est pas sans conséquence sur le risque traumatique. Cette étude a pour objectif de décrire une population de grimpeurs accidentés en bloc indoor et les types de lésions associées.

Matériels et méthodes : Cette étude rétrospective a été réalisée à partir des registres d’accidents de dix salles d’escalade bloc par un recueil systématique des données sur les accidentés puis par un rappel téléphonique à trois semaines.

Résultats : Cinq cent quatre-vingt-deux accidents ont été recensés entre le 1er septembre 2021 et le 28 février 2022. Les accidents avaient lieu à la réception d’une chute dans 87 % des cas et affectaient 50 % de femmes. Les localisations lésionnelles les plus fréquentes étaient la cheville (48 %), le genou (17 %) et le coude (14 %). Il existait un surrisque d’accident pour les séances de bloc non accompagnées d’un tuteur (OR = 2,23 ; p < 0,001). Parmi les 336 blessés ayant pu être rappelés, 172 (51 %) nécessitaient une immobilisation et 49 (15 %) une prise en charge chirurgicale.

Conclusion : L’incidence et la sévérité des lésions en escalade de bloc nécessitent des études ultérieures et des actions de prévention ciblées. Ce travail constitue une première étape vers la compréhension et la surveillance d’une accidentologie spécifique du bloc indoor.
Fusion and patient-reported outcomes after navigated decortication and direct arthrodesis in minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion using cylindrical threaded implants: a case series and literature review
Authors: Anton Gustavo , Alsalahi Ammar , Yoon Elise J. , Turnbull Jeffrey , Dragonette James , Richards Boyd , Tong Doris , Soo Teck M.
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction is a significant cause of back pain. Despite recent advances in minimally invasive (MIS) SIJ fusion, the fusion rate remains controversial. This study sought to demonstrate that a navigated decortication and direct arthrodesis technique in MIS SIJ fusion would result in satisfactory fusion rates and patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent MIS SIJ fusion from 2018 to 2021. SIJ fusion was performed using cylindrical threaded implants and SIJ decortication employing the O-arm surgical imaging system and StealthStation. The primary outcome was fusion, evaluated using CT at 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included revision surgery, time to revision surgery, visual analog scale (VAS) score for back pain, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), measured preoperatively and 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Patient demographics and perioperative data were also collected. PROs over time were analyzed using ANOVA followed by a post hoc analysis.

RESULTS

One hundred eighteen patients were included in this study. The mean (± SD) patient age was 58.56 ± 13.12 years, and most patients were female (68.6% vs 31.4% male). There were 19 smokers (16.1%) with an average BMI of 29.92 ± 6.73. One hundred twelve patients (94.9%) underwent successful fusion on CT. The ODI improved significantly from baseline to 6 months (Δ7.73, 95% CI 2.43–13.03, p = 0.002) and from baseline to 12 months (Δ7.54, 95% CI 1.65–13.43, p = 0.008). Similarly, VAS back pain scores improved significantly from baseline to 6 months (Δ2.31, 95% CI 1.07–3.56, p < 0.001) and from baseline to 12 months (Δ1.63, 95% CI 0.25–3.00, p = 0.015).

CONCLUSIONS

MIS SIJ fusion with navigated decortication and direct arthrodesis was associated with a high fusion rate and significant improvement in disability and pain scores. Further prospective studies examining this technique are warranted.