bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON A GENERALIZED Q-URN MODEL
Authors: Chen May-Ru , Hsiau Shoou-Ren
Published: September 2014

Recently, Chen, Hsiau & Yang [1] proposed a new two-urn model with red and white balls and showed that the fractions of red balls in both urns converge almost surely to the same limit. We extend the results for the two-urn model to the q-urn model (q≥3) with similar dynamics of drawing and adding balls. We use matrix forms and martingale theory to show that the fractions of red balls in all urns converge almost surely to the same limit.
Understanding different sources of information: the acquisition of evidentiality
Authors: KORING LOES , DE MULDER HANNAH
Published: September 2014

This paper investigates six- to nine-year-old children's acquisition of evidentiality. In two minimally different tasks we assess whether children can be made to use a particular source of information by presenting them with a specific evidential term. That is, we assess whether children have an explicit awareness of the source requirement of the evidential terms. The results demonstrate that children explicitly understand thedirectevidential term, but not theindirectevidential terms. Interestingly, the direct evidential term tested (Dutchlijken) does not encode high speaker certainty. Hence, even though the child cannot rely on speaker certainty to provide an answer, the results still show that direct evidentiality is acquired before indirect evidentiality.
Potential risks of trophic impacts by escaped transgenic salmon in marine environments
Authors: LI LINGBO , PITCHER TONY J. , DEVLIN ROBERT H.
Published: September 2014

There is significant concern about potential ecological effects of introduced organisms, including non-indigenous species and those created by genetic modification. This paper presents an Ecopath with Ecosim modelling approach, designed to examine long-term trophic effects of growth hormone (GH) transgenic coho salmon should they ever escape to a coastal salmonid ecosystem, namely the Strait of Georgia in British Columbia (Canada). The model showed that the effects of introduced GH transgenic coho salmon varied with their biomass, diet, structure of the invaded ecosystem, and environmental conditions. Occasional escapes of non-reproductive salmon did not have a significant impact on the example ecosystem. However, effects of GH coho salmon varied with their diet when large numbers of these fish were present in the simulated ecosystem (for example, when they constituted 20% of total current aquaculture production in the area). Further, climate-driven changes in the biomass of low trophic levels (bottom-up effects) could have a greater impact on the ecosystem than the introduction of large numbers of GH coho salmon. A new version of Ecopath with Ecosim's Monte Carlo approach showed that the model predictions were robust to GH coho salmon's Ecopath parameters, but more sensitive to vulnerabilities of prey to GH coho salmon. Modelling ecosystem effects of genetically modified organisms provides a complementary approach for risk assessments when data from nature are not readily obtainable.
Nivkh palatalisation: articulatory causes and perceptual effects
Authors: Botma Bert , Shiraishi Hidetoshi
Published: September 2014

Nivkh, a linguistic isolate of Eastern Siberia, displays a typologically uncommon process which affects /e/ in the context of a following uvular consonant, and which reportedly results in palatalisation of the consonant preceding /e/, e.g. /pʰeq/→[pʰʲq]. Phonologically, there are indeed reasonable grounds for analysing the consonants as palatalised. Phonetically, matters are less clear. Acoustic evidence shows that the clearest correlate of palatalisation is a steep and consistent fall of F2 during the realisation of the vowel. The fact that F2 lowering is also typical before uvulars suggests that palatalisation is the result of a perceptually motivated reanalysis, whereby the palatality of /e/ has come to be associated with the preceding consonant, and the vowel has a lowered and retracted reflex.
The word-level prosody of Samoan
Authors: Zuraw Kie , Yu Kristine M. , Orfitelli Robyn
Published: September 2014

This paper documents and analyses stress and vowel length in Samoan words. The domain of footing, the Prosodic Word, appears to be a root and cohering suffixes; prefixes and most disyllabic suffixes form a separate domain. Vowel sequences that disrupt the normal stress pattern require constraints matching sonority prominence to metrical prominence, sensitive to degree of mismatch and to the number of vowels involved. Two suffixes unexpectedly have an idiosyncratic footing constraint, observable only in a limited set of words. We also discuss trochaic shortening and its asymmetrical productivity, and the marginal contrastiveness of some features in loans. While Samoan does not appear to be typologically unusual, it does offer arguments (i) in favour of alignment constraints on Prosodic Words rather than only on feet directly, and (ii) against simple cyclicity. Some of the strongest evidence comes from stress patterns of the rich inventory of phonotactically licit vowel sequences.
Incidental finding of complete interruption of the aorta in a septuagenarian
Authors: Ozturk Semi , Gurbuz Ahmet Seyfeddin , Efe Suleyman Cagan
Published: September 2014

Adult survivors of aortic interruption is extremely rare. Diagnosis mostly depends on additional imaging with CT and MRI. We present a rare case of acquired complete interruption of the aorta that was found incidentally at the time of coronary angiography. This finding was confirmed by CT scan.
Digital Clock Drawing: Differentiating “Thinking”versus“Doing” in Younger and Older Adults with Depression
Authors: Cohen Jamie , Penney Dana L. , Davis Randall , Libon David J. , Swenson Rodney A. , Ajilore Olusola , Kumar Anand , Lamar Melissa
Published: September 2014

Psychomotor slowing has been documented in depression. The digital Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) provides: (i) a novel technique to assess both cognitive and motor aspects of psychomotor speed within the same task and (ii) the potential to uncover subtleties of behavior not previously detected with non-digitized modes of data collection. Using digitized pen technology in 106 participants grouped by Age (younger/older) and Affect (euthymic/unmedicated depressed), we recorded cognitive and motor output by capturinghowthe clock is drawn rather than focusing on the final product. We divided time to completion (TTC) for Command and Copy conditions of the dCDT into metrics of percent of drawing (%Ink)versusnon-drawing(%Think) time. We also obtained compositeZ-scores of cognition, including attention/information processing (AIP), to explore associations of%Inkand%Thinktimes to cognitive and motor performance. Despite equivalent TTC,%Inkand%ThinkCommand times (Copy n.s.) were significant (AgeXAffect interaction:p=.03)—younger depressed spent a smaller proportion of time drawing relative to thinking compared to the older depressed group. Command%Thinktime negatively correlated with AIP in the older depressed group (r=−.46;p=.02). Copy%Thinktime negatively correlated with AIP in the younger depressed (r=−.47;p=.03) and older euthymic groups (r=−.51;p=.01). The dCDT differentiated aspects of psychomotor slowing in depression regardless of age, while dCDT/cognitive associates for younger adults with depression mimicked patterns of older euthymics. (JINS, 2014,20, 1–9)
Thickness and Rotational Effects in Simulated HRTEM Images of Graphene on Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Green Avery J. , Diebold Alain C.
Published: September 2014

Recent studies have shown that when graphene is placed on a thin hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate, unlike when it is placed on a typical SiO2 surface, it can closely approach the ideal carrier mobility observed in suspended graphene samples. This study further examines the epitaxial relationship between graphene and h-BN substrate with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy simulation. Virtual monolayer and multilayer stacks of h-BN were produced with a monolayer of graphene on top, on bottom, and in between h-BN layers, in order to study this interface. Once the simulations were performed, the phase contrast image and Moiré pattern created by this heterostack were analyzed for local and global intensity minima and maxima. In addition, h-BN substrate thickness and rotations between h-BN and graphene were probed and analyzed. The simulated images produced in this work will be used to help understand subsequent transmission electron microscopy images and electron energy-loss studies.
Micro-Analytical Study of a Rare Papier-Mâché Sculpture
Authors: Manso Marta , Bidarra Ana , Longelin Stéphane , Pessanha Sofia , Ferreira Adriana , Guerra Mauro , Coroado João , Carvalho Luísa
Published: September 2014

The analysis of a Portuguese “papier-mâché” sculpture depicting Saint Anthony is presented in this case study. Several questions were addressed such as the characteristics of the support, pigments used, and artistic technique in order to establish a possible timeline for its production. Qualitative analyses of the cross-sections and of the paper support were performed by optical microscopy using reflected light. Two polychrome layers from different periods and a rag pulped support were identified on the sculpture. The use of micro X-ray fluorescence and Raman microscopy techniques enabled the differentiation of coloring materials used in both polychromies. Semi-quantitative analyses of the gilded samples were also performed by scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive spectroscopy allowing the determination of a common Au–Ag–Cu alloy with differences in the purity of the gold. The identified coloring materials lead us to believe that the sculpture was produced in the 19th century, being overpainted in the first half of the 20th century.
24 GHz low-power switch-channel CMOS transceiver for wireless localization
Authors: Zhang Tao , Hamidian Amin , Shu Ran , Subramanian Viswanathan
Published: September 2014

A 24 GHz low-power transceiver is designed, fabricated, and characterized using 130 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The designed transceiver is targeted for frequency-modulated-continuous-wave (FMCW) wireless local positioning. The transceiver includes four switchable receiving channels, one transmitting channel and local-oscillator generation circuitries. Several power-saving techniques are implemented, such as switch channel and adaptive mixer biasing. The design aspects of the low-power circuit blocks and integration considerations are presented in details. The integrated transceiver has a chip area of only 2.2 mm × 1.7 mm. In transmitting mode the transceiver achieves an output power of 4 dBm and phase noise of −90 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz, while consuming 75 mW power consumption under 1.5 V power supply. In switch-channel receiving mode the transceiver demonstrates 31 dB gain and 6 dB noise figure with 65 mW power consumption. The transceiver measurements compare well with the simulated results and achieve state-of-the-art performance with very low-power consumption.
Prevalence and predictors of psychotropic medication use: results from the Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress
Authors: Benson T. , O'Neill S. , Murphy S. , Ferry F. , Bunting B.
Published: September 2014

Background.

To identify the predictors of psychotropic medication use and to determine rates and patterns of use in Northern Ireland (NI) among the general population and various subgroups.

Method.

Analysis of data from the NI Study of Health and Stress, a representative household survey undertaken between 2004 and 2008 with 4340 individuals. Respondents were asked about prescribed psychotropic medication use in the previous 12 months along with a series of demographic questions and items regarding experience of traumatic life events. Mental health disorders were assessed using the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview.

Results.

Females, individuals aged 50–64 years old, those who were previously married, and those who had experienced a traumatic lifetime event were more likely to have taken any psychotropic medication. Use of any psychotropic medication in the population in the previous 12 months was 14.9%. Use among individuals who met the criteria for a 12-month mental health disorder was 38.5%. Almost one in ten individuals (9.4%) had taken an antidepressant.

Conclusions.

Compared with other countries, NI has high proportions of individuals using psychotropic medication in both the general population and those who met the criteria for a 12-month mental disorder. However, these results still suggest possible under treatment of mental disorders in the country. In addition, rates of use in those with no disorder are relatively high. The predictors of medication use are similar to findings in other countries. Possible research and policy implications are discussed.
Cup-Shaped Superparamagnetic Hemispheres for Size-Selective Cell Filtration
Authors: Kim Hyonchol , Terazono Hideyuki , Takei Hiroyuki , Yasuda Kenji
Published: September 2014

We propose a new method of size separation of cells exploiting precisely size-controlled hemispherical superparamagnetic microparticles. A three-layered structure of a 2-nm nickel layer inserted between 15-nm silicon dioxide layers was formed on polystyrene cast spheres by vapor deposition. The polystyrene was then removed by burning and the hemispherical superparamagnetic microparticles, “magcups”, were obtained. The standard target cells (CCRF-CEM, 12 ± 2 μm) were mixed with a set of different sizes of the fabricated magcups and we confirmed that the cells were captured in the magcups having cavities larger than 15 μm in diameter and then gathered by magnetic force. The collected cells were grown in a culture medium without any damage. The results suggest that this method is quick, simple and non-invasive size separation of target cells.
Interaction of β-cyclodextrin with nile red in a single live CHO cell: an initiative towards developing a prospective strategy for the excretion of adsorbed drugs from the cell membrane
Authors: Ghosh Saptarshi , Chattoraj Shyamtanu , Chattopadhyay Nitin
Published: September 2014

Steady state and time-resolved confocal microscopic studies in a single live Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell suggest that the biological staining dye nile red (NR) adsorbed on the cell membrane can be simply excreted using β-cyclodextrin.
Electrospun aggregation-induced emission active POSS-based porous copolymer films for detection of explosives
Authors: Zhou Hui , Ye Qun , Neo Wei Teng , Song Jing , Yan Hong , Zong Yun , Tang Ben Zhong , Hor T. S. Andy , Xu Jianwei
Published: September 2014

Electrospun AIE-active POSS-based copolymer films exhibit an approximately 9-fold increase in response to explosive vapors compared to dense films.
Hybrid vanadates constructed from extended metal–organic arrays: crystal architectures and properties
Authors: de Luis Roberto Fernández , Orive Joseba , Larrea Edurne S. , Karmele Urtiaga M. , Arriortua María I.
Published: September 2014

Classification of inorganic–organic vanadates constructed from bridging ligands based on the metal–organic and inorganic substructures dimensionalities.
A highly efficient designer cell for enantioselective reduction of ketones
Authors: Srivastava Gautam , Pal Mohan , Kaur Suneet , Jolly Ravinder S.
Published: September 2014

A highly efficient designer cell, surf-crs-gdh, which coexpresses carbonyl reductase (crs) and glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) on the cell surface, has been constructed and its enzyme activities were compared with those of the corresponding cell, cyto-crs-gdh, which coexpresses crs and gdh in cytoplasm.
Structural evolvement and thermoelectric properties of Cu3−xSnxSe3 compounds with diamond-like crystal structures
Authors: Fan Jing , Schnelle Walter , Antonyshyn Iryna , Veremchuk Igor , Carrillo-Cabrera Wilder , Shi Xun , Grin Yuri , Chen Lidong
Published: September 2014

When the composition changes from a Cu-rich to a Sn-rich one, Cu3−xSnxSe3 shows a metal-to-semiconductor transition with increasing x.
How big is a Cp? Novel cycloheptatrienyl zirconium complexes with tri-, tetra- and pentasubstituted cyclopentadienyl ligands
Authors: Bauer Heiko , Glöckner Andreas , Tagne Kuate Alain C. , Schäfer Sebastian , Sun Yu , Freytag Matthias , Tamm Matthias , Walter Marc D. , Sitzmann Helmut
Published: September 2014

An easily applicable concept of steric bulk quantification is being extended to very bulky cyclopentadienyl ligands with cycloheptatrienylzirconium sandwich complexes.
A monolithic and flexible fluoropolymer film microreactor for organic synthesis applications
Authors: Kim Jin-Oh , Kim Heejin , Ko Dong-Hyeon , Min Kyoung-Ik , Im Do Jin , Park Soo-Young , Kim Dong-Pyo
Published: September 2014

A photocurable and viscous fluoropolymer with chemical stability is a highly desirable material for fabrication of microchemical devices.
Elucidating new structural features of the triazole scaffold for the development of mPGES-1 inhibitors
Authors: Chini Maria Giovanna , Ferroni Claudia , Cantone Vincenza , Dambruoso Paolo , Varchi Greta , Pepe Antonella , Fischer Katrin , Pergola Carlo , Werz Oliver , Bruno Ines , Riccio Raffaele , Bifulco Giuseppe
Published: September 2014

Halogen bonding as a new key interaction is useful for the design of novel triazole derivatives as mPGES-1 inhibitors.
Tuning the aggregation mode to induce different chiralities in organogels of mono- and bis-triterpenoid derivatives and the preparation of gold nanoparticles for use as a template
Authors: Lu Jinrong , Wu Jindan , Ju Yong
Published: September 2014

New gelators based on chiral triterpenoids were designed and synthesized. Different chiral properties of assembly in the organogels were observed. The nanofibers of the organogel in dimethylsulfoxide were used to engineer gold nanoparticles.
Continuous production of nitrogen-functionalized graphene nanosheets for catalysis applications
Authors: Sanjeeva Rao Kodepelly , Senthilnathan Jaganathan , Ting Jyh-Ming , Yoshimura Masahiro
Published: September 2014

A “continuous production” of high-quality nitrogen-functionalized graphene nanosheets directly from graphite and their application to reduction catalysis has been reported.
Diversity-oriented synthesis of medicinally important 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (Tic) derivatives and higher analogs
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Deodhar Deepak , Khedkar Priti
Published: September 2014

This review provides an account of strategies for building diverse Tic derivatives suitable for the syntheses of medicinally important molecules.
RAFT-prepared α-difunctional poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone)s and their derivatives: synthesis and effect of end-groups on aqueous inverse temperature solubility
Authors: Quek Jing Yang , Liu Xuechao , Davis Thomas P. , Roth Peter J. , Lowe Andrew B.
Published: September 2014

Five R-group di-functional dithiobenzoates have been prepared and used in the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone.
A high mobility DPP-based polymer obtained via direct (hetero)arylation polymerization
Authors: Pouliot Jean-Rémi , Sun Bin , Leduc Mikaël , Najari Ahmed , Li Yuning , Leclerc Mario
Published: September 2014

Many diketopyrrolopyrrole-based (DPP) polymers have shown remarkable transport properties and to fabricate cost efficient materials, the new direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP) could become a valuable tool.
Understanding the mechanical and thermal property reinforcement of crosslinked polyethylene by nanodiamonds and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Roumeli E. , Avgeropoulos A. , Pavlidou E. , Vourlias G. , Kyratsi Th. , Bikiaris D. , Chrissafis K.
Published: September 2014

A systematic evaluation of the factors governing the measured thermal and mechanical property reinforcement in crosslinked polyethylene nanocomposites is presented.
Possibility of Majorana signature detecting via a single-electron spin implanted in a suspended carbon nanotube resonator
Authors: Chen Hua-Jun , Zhu Ka-Di
Published: September 2014

Motivated by recent experimental progress towards the detection and manipulation of Majorana fermions in hybrid semiconductor/superconductor heterostructures, we present a novel proposal based on a suspended carbon nanotube resonator with a single-electron spin to probe Majorana fermions in the all-optical domain.
Solvothermal synthesis and visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation for tetracycline of Fe-doped SrTiO3
Authors: Li Ping , Liu Chunbo , Wu Guoling , Heng Yang , Lin Shuang , Ren Ao , Lv Kehan , Xiao Lisong , Shi Weidong
Published: September 2014

In this paper, Fe-doped SrTiO3 (FSTO) photocatalysts were successfully prepared via a facile solvothermal method, and their photocatalytic activities for degrading tetracycline (TC) under visible light irradiation were examined.
Thermally enhanced high performance cellulose nano fibril barrier membranes
Authors: Sharma Sudhir , Zhang Xiaodan , Nair Sandeep S. , Ragauskas Arthur , Zhu Junyong , Deng Yulin
Published: September 2014

An extremely high barrier film for oxygen and water moisture permission was obtained by 100% sustainable cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with simple heat treatment.
Green bionanocomposites from high-elasticity “soft” polyurethane and high-crystallinity “rigid” chitin nanocrystals with controlled surface acetylation
Authors: Lin Ning , Wei Siwen , Xia Tao , Hu Fei , Huang Jin , Dufresne Alain
Published: September 2014

Novel elastomeric nanocomposites from “rigid” partially-acetylated chitin nanocrystals and “soft” high-elasticity polyurethane.
Long-range correlation effects in directional living polymers
Authors: Semenov A. N.
Published: September 2014

Directional living polymers constitute a new universality class with distinct critical and correlation properties.
Effect of the morphology of Li–La–Zr–O solid electrolyte coating on the electrochemical performance of spinel LiMn1.95Ni0.05O3.98F0.02 cathode materials
Authors: Deng Yu-Feng , Zhao Shi-Xi , Xu Ya-Hui , Nan Ce-Wen
Published: September 2014

LLZO coated LiMn1.95Ni0.05O3.98F0.02 with controllable microstructure and crystallinity was prepared and studied.
Follistatin could promote the proliferation of duck primary myoblasts by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling
Authors: Li Xinxin , Liu Hehe , Wang Haohan , Sun Lingli , Ding Fang , Sun Wenqiang , Han Chunchun , Wang Jiwen
Published: September 2014

FST (follistatin) is essential for skeletal muscle development, but the intracellular signalling networks that regulate FST-induced effects are not well defined. We sought to investigate whether FST promotes the proliferation of myoblasts through the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt (protein kinase B)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling. In the present study, we transfected the pEGFP-duFST plasmid and added PI3K and mTOR inhibitors to the medium of duck primary myoblasts. Then, we analysed the cellular phenotypic changes that occurred and analysed the expression of target genes. The results showed that FST promoted myoblast proliferation, induced the mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6K (S6 kinase) and the protein expression of phospho-Akt (Thr308), mTOR, phospho-mTOR (serine 2448), phospho-S6K (Ser417), inhibited the mRNA expression of FoxO1, MuRF1 (muscle RING finger-1) and the protein expression of phospho-FoxO1 (Ser256). Moreover, we found that the overexpression of FST could alleviate the inhibitory effect of myoblast proliferation caused by the addition of LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. Additionally, the overexpression of duck FST also relieved the inhibition of myoblast proliferation caused by the addition of rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling. In light of the present results, we hypothesize that duck FST could promote myoblast proliferation, which is dependent on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling.
Towards a mechanistic understanding of lipodystrophy and seipin functions
Authors: Wee Kenneth , Yang Wulin , Sugii Shigeki , Han Weiping
Published: September 2014

CGL (Congenital generalized lipodystrophy) is a genetic disorder characterized by near complete loss of adipose tissue along with increased ectopic fat storage in other organs including liver and muscle. Of the four CGL types, BSCL2 (Berardinelli–Seip Congenital lipodystrophy type 2), resulting from mutations in the BSCL2/seipin gene, exhibits the most severe lipodystrophic phenotype with loss of both metabolic and mechanical adipose depots. The majority of Seipin mutations cause C-terminal truncations, along with a handful of point mutations. Seipin localizes to the ER and is composed of a conserved region including a luminal loop and two transmembrane domains, plus cytosolic N- and C-termini. Animal models deficient in seipin recapitulate the human lipodystrophic phenotype. Cells isolated from seipin knockout mouse models also exhibit impaired adipogenesis. Mechanistically, seipin appears to function as a scaffolding protein to bring together interacting partners essential for lipid metabolism and LD (lipid droplet) formation during adipocyte development. Moreover, cell line and genetic studies indicate that seipin functions in a cell-autonomous manner. Here we will provide a brief overview of the genetic association of the CGLs, and focus on the current understanding of differential contributions of distinct seipin domains to lipid storage and adipogenesis. We will also discuss the roles of seipin-interacting partners, including lipin 1 and 14-3-3β, in mediating seipin-dependent regulation of cellular pathways such as actin cytoskeletal remodelling.
Oxide‐free vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers with low junction temperature and high drive level
Authors: Yang X. , Li M. , Zhao G. , Zhang Y. , Freisem S. , Deppe D.G.
Published: September 2014

Data are presented showing that lithographic vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) produce minimal junction temperature rise compared to oxide VCSELs. Eliminating the thermal block caused by internal oxides combined with improved mirror materials reduces the junction temperature. The elimination of internal oxide, lower junction temperature and reduced internal strain promise increased reliability in the new VCSELs. Power conversion efficiencies in excess of ∼50% are reported, even for very small lithographic VCSELs.
Accelerate bilateral filter using Hermite polynomials
Authors: Dai Longquan , Yuan Mengke , Zhang Xiaopeng
Published: September 2014

The bilateral filter (BF) as an edge‐preserving lowpass filter is a valuable tool in various image processing tasks, including noise reduction and dynamic range compression. However, its computational cost is too high to apply in the real‐time processing tasks as the range kernel, which acts on the pixel intensities, making the averaging process nonlinear and computationally intensive, particularly when the spatial filter is large. Using the well‐known Hermite polynomials, a BF accelerating method is proposed, which reduces the computational complexity from O(r2n) to O(n), where r denotes the filter size of a BF and n is the total number of pixels in an image.
Multi‐user hybrid analogue/digital beamforming for relatively large‐scale antenna systems
Authors: Geng Jian , Xiang Wei , Wei Zaixue , Li Nanxi , Yang Dacheng
Published: September 2014

Power consumption and costs of analogue front‐end (AFE) chains are often not negligible for large‐scale antenna array systems. A low‐complexity hardware architecture is to use a number of AFE chains that are less than the number of antennas. Beamforming for this low‐complexity hardware architecture involves both digital and analogue beamforming, which is termed hybrid analogue/digital beamforming. In this study, minimising the transmit power subject to signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) constraints and maximising the minimal SINR under the constraint of the transmit power, are investigated, respectively, for hybrid analogue/digital beamforming. Properties on the feasibility and optimality of the two problems are derived. Numerical algorithms based on semi‐definite positive relaxation are proposed in an attempt to solve the two optimisation problems. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated under the Gaussian and 60 GHz channel models. It is shown that the performance of hybrid analogue/digital beamforming is highly related to the correlation of the channel coefficients of subcarriers. Additionally, for different extents of the users’ spatial separability, some heuristics ways of designing analogue beamforming are shown to be able to approach to at least the local optimums under the 60 GHz channel model.
Simple near‐maximum‐likelihood low‐complexity detection scheme for Alamouti space‐time block coded spatial modulation
Authors: Xu Hongjun , Pillay Narushan
Published: September 2014

Space‐time block coded spatial modulation (STBC–SM) has been proposed to exploit the advantages of both spatial modulation and space‐time block codes. The first objective of this study is to introduce a very simple near‐maximum‐likelihood (ML) low‐complexity detection scheme for Nt × Nr M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M‐QAM) STBC–SM. Simulation results validate that the proposed simple detection scheme achieves near‐ML detection error performance. Furthermore, in comparison to existing schemes, the computational complexity of the proposed detector was demonstrated to be independent of the modulation size, hence exhibiting a very low computational complexity. The second objective of this study is to present an asymptotic bound to quantify the average bit‐error rate performance of M‐QAM STBC–SM over independent and identically distributed Rayleigh flat fading channels. The analytical frameworks are validated by Monte Carlo simulations.
Adaptive handover scheme for evolved multimedia broadcast multicast services in long‐term evolution networks
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hoi
Published: September 2014

The evolved multimedia broadcast multicast services (E‐MBMS) can bring television (TV) services to a small mobile phone. The E‐MBMS has been proposed in the third generation partnership project long‐term evolution standardisation to support both normal mobile phone and mobile TV capabilities on a single device. As the E‐MBMS delivers the same content simultaneously to multiple E‐MBMS users sharing the same subframe in the multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) area and has the benefit of short handover latency when handover occurs within the MBSFN area; it is important to increase the number of E‐MBMS users to be supported within the MBSFN area in order to achieve better performance in terms of spectral efficiency and handover latency. To obtain the advantages mentioned above, the proposed adaptive handover scheme increases the handover hysteresis margin (HM) when an E‐MBMS user moves from the serving MBSFN area to the target non‐MBSFN area and decreases the handover HM when an E‐MBMS user travels from the serving non‐MBSFN area to the target MBSFN area. Simulation results show that the spectral efficiency can be improved by increasing the number of E‐MBMS users in the MBSFN area. Also, it is shown that the lower handover latency can be achieved by reducing the additional handover signalling message exchanges.
Enhanced particle swarm optimisation applied for transient angle and voltage constrained discrete optimal power flow with flexible AC transmission system
Authors: Xia Shiwei , Chan Ka Wing , Bai Xuefeng , Guo Zhizhong
Published: September 2014

Transient stability constrained optimal power flow (TSCOPF) is increasingly important as many modern power systems nowadays have been forced to operate close to their stability limits. In this study, a non‐convex mixed integer non‐linear program (MINLP) TSCOPF model with consideration of valve‐point effects and discrete control variables is first presented, in which the energy‐based transient angle and voltage constraints are simultaneously considered as an integrated stability control process. The proposed model is general and flexible with support for any complex dynamic components, including detailed generator model and flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, valve‐point effects and discrete control variables. An enhanced particle swarm optimisation with dynamic adjusted inertia weight and shrinking Gaussian distribution disturbance is then proposed to solve this challenging MINLP‐TSCOPF problem with comprehensive testing and evaluation using a benchmarking MINLP mathematical function and two representative power systems with FACTS devices.
Measurement‐based analysis of the dynamic performance of microgrids using system identification techniques
Authors: Papadopoulos Panagiotis N. , Papadopoulos Theofilos A. , Crolla Paul , Roscoe Andrew J. , Papagiannis Grigoris K. , Burt Graeme M.
Published: September 2014

The dynamic performance of microgrids is of crucial importance, because of the increased complexity introduced by the combined effect of inverter interface and rotating distributed generation. This study presents a methodology for the investigation of the dynamic behaviour of microgrids based on measurements using Prony analysis and state‐space black‐box modelling techniques. Both methods are compared and evaluated using real operating conditions data obtained by a laboratory microgrid system. The recorded responses and the calculated system eigenvalues are used to analyse the system dynamics and interactions among the distributed generation units. The proposed methodology can be applied to any real‐world microgrid configuration, taking advantage of the future smart grid technologies and features.
An Interesting Case of Gunshot Injury to the Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Pires Mário Sergio Medeiros , Giongo CarolineComis , de Marco Antonello Guilherme , do Couto Ricardo Torres , de Oliveira Veras Filho Ruy , Junior Otacílio Luiz Chagas
Published: September 2014

The head and face are relatively common sites of gunshot injury, and the temporomandibular joint is often affected. These wounds usually produce major deformity and functional impairment, particularly when the temporomandibular joint is affected or when structures such as the facial nerve are damaged. Complications may include mandibular displacement at maximum mouth opening and in protrusion, limited mouth opening, limited lateral movement of the jaw, anterior open bite, and, more rarely, temporomandibular ankylosis. Projectiles that strike the mandible usually cause comminuted fractures; maxillary wounds, in turn, are most commonly perforating. The present report describes a case of gunshot injury in which the projectile lodged within the mandibular fossa but did not cause any fractures. Oral and maxillofacial trauma surgeons must be aware of the different types of gunshot injury, as they produce distinct patterns of tissue destruction due to projectile trajectory and release of kinetic energy into surrounding tissue.
Biosynthesis of arsenolipids by the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Xue Xi-Mei , Raber Georg , Foster Simon , Chen Song-Can , Francesconi Kevin A. , Zhu Yong-Guan
Published: September 2014

Environmental context
Arsenic biotransformation processes play a key role in the cycling of arsenic in aquatic systems. We show that a freshwater cyanobacterium can convert inorganic arsenic into arsenolipids, and the conversion efficiency depends on the arsenic concentration. The role of these novel arsenic compounds remains to be elucidated.

Abstract
Although methylated arsenic and arsenosugars have been verified in various freshwater organisms, lipid-soluble arsenic compounds have not been identified. Here, we report investigations with the model organism cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 wild type and ΔarsM (arsenic(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase) mutant strain, which lacks the enzymes for arsenic methylation cultured in various concentrations of arsenate (AsV). Although Synechocystis accumulated higher arsenic concentrations at the higher exposure levels, the bioaccumulation factor decreased with increasing AsV. The accumulated arsenic in the cells was partitioned into water-soluble and lipid-soluble fractions; lipid-soluble arsenic was found in Synechocystis wild type cells (3–35% of the total depending on the level of arsenic exposure), but was not detected in Synechocystis ΔarsM mutant strain showing that ArsM was required for arsenolipid biosynthesis. The arsenolipids present in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry, and high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The two major arsenolipids were characterised as arsenosugar phospholipids based on their assigned molecular formulas C47H88O14AsP and C47H90O14AsP, and tandem mass spectrometric data demonstrated the presence of the phosphate arsenosugar and acylated glycerol groups.
The afterlife of the Brothers Grimm’s fairy tales in China
Authors: Li LI
Published: September 2014

The Brothers Grimm’s fairy tales are among the most widely read children’s stories in China. This paper first briefly outlines the journey of these German stories in the Chinese land from three stages represented respectively by early attempts starting with 1902, the first complete version by Wei Yixin published in 1934 and the most authoritative complete version by Yang Wuneng published in 1993. Focus is specially laid on Yang’s version and some specific characteristics of his translations are discussed. This is followed by a brief discussion on the historic influences of Grimms’ tales upon the Chinese Folklore Movement and the early Chinese writers for children. The paper finally shows the current reception of Grimms’ tales in China from such two aspects as the general public and the scholarly community.
Translating gender between English and Persian:
Authors: Karoubi Behrouz
Published: September 2014

The main objective of this article is to shed some light on the much-neglected area of translating gender between Persian and English. More specifically, it sets out to investigate the different strategies employed for translating the textual indicators of gender in the specified corpus of the study as well as the socio-cultural and ideological factors influencing them qualitatively. This objective is achieved through following a two-level methodology at descriptive and explanatory levels throughout the article and the following results are attained: 1) five broad categories of gender-translation strategies were identified in the corpus of the study; and 2) the aforementioned strategies were judged to be influenced by socio-cultural and ideological factors of different types.
“Now there is a real effort to make sure people are adhering to orders they are supposed to be adhering to.”
Authors: Măda Stanca , Săftoiu Răzvan
Published: September 2014

It is widely regarded that war journalism is centred on the dichotomy good/evil, with “good” being (almost always) on the author’s side, who promotes a type of discourse that readers should adhere to. In this paper, we put forward an examination of events in various conflict areas (Afghanistan, Iran, Syria, Senegal, and Dagestan) in order to identify and analyse linguistic strategies employed by journalists in order to construct attitudes. We refer to such strategies as: stance-taking patterns, source identification, use of military jargon, and inculcation of a politically-correct way of thinking. In order to carry out this analysis, we selected ten articles from representative American daily newspapers reporting on conflictive events. The data were gathered starting from the idea of simultaneity of opinions and of events. This feature allows our analysis to focus on recurrent patterns in the articles.
Cats and categories — reply to Teubert
Authors: Sealey Alison
Published: September 2014

This paper is a response to the discussion article inLanguage and Dialogue 3:2by Wolfgang Teubert, “Was there a cat in the garden? Knowledge between discourse and the monadic self.” Teubert deals there with a number of themes, including a discussion of some philosophical issues raised by Roy Harris and Martin Heidegger. In my response, I am less concerned with those aspects of the article than with the claims made by Teubert about the contrasts between humans and other animals. I respond to Teubert’s position on the status and origins of categories of animals from a realist perspective, with reference to evidence from the natural sciences and anthropology. I suggest that Teubert’s thesis rests on a number of errors, including an over-estimation of the power of discourse, an under-estimation of the range of sensory and semiotic perception available to different kinds of creatures, and a lack of attention to contemporary developments in relevant ethological research.
Systems cell biology
Authors: Mast Fred D. , Ratushny Alexander V. , Aitchison John D.
Published: September 2014

Systems cell biology melds high-throughput experimentation with quantitative analysis and modeling to understand many critical processes that contribute to cellular organization and dynamics. Recently, there have been several advances in technology and in the application of modeling approaches that enable the exploration of the dynamic properties of cells. Merging technology and computation offers an opportunity to objectively address unsolved cellular mechanisms, and has revealed emergent properties and helped to gain a more comprehensive and fundamental understanding of cell biology.
Topoisomerase II has to work late
Authors: Leslie Mitch
Published: September 2014

Chromatid-untangling enzyme takes longer than expected to complete job.
Margaret Robinson: Vesicles wear fancy coats
Authors: Sedwick Caitlin
Published: September 2014

Robinson studies the function and evolution of coated vesicle adaptor proteins.
A Postharvest Fruit Rot of Apple Caused by Lambertella corni-maris in Washington State
Authors: Wiseman M. S. , Dugan F. M. , Kim Y. K. , Xiao C. L.
Published: September 2014

During surveys for postharvest diseases of apple conducted in Washington State, an unknown fruit rot was observed on stored apple fruit collected from commercial fruit packinghouses. This disease was present in 66 of the 179 grower lots sampled, accounting for an average 1 to 3% of the total decayed fruit sampled. The disease appeared to originate from infection of wounds on the fruit skin. Lesions were brown and decayed tissues were spongy. A Lambertella sp. was consistently isolated from the decayed fruit. Sequences of the fungus and those of Lambertella corni-maris in GenBank differed by 0 to 4 bp across the combined small ribosomal subunit + internal transcribed spacer + large ribosomal subunit regions with a maximum identity ranging from 99 to 100%. The fungus grew at 0 to 20°C and formed apothecia on artificial media after 8 to 24 weeks. On potato dextrose agar under a 12-h photoperiod, apothecial dimensions were variable, ranging from 1 to 6 mm in diameter with stipes of 1 to 4 by 0.5 mm. Asci were 76 to 125 by 3.5 to 5.5 μm, inoperculate, eight-spored, clavate, and narrowed at the base. Ascospores were aseptate, 7 to 10 by 2.5 to 4.5 μm, uniseriate to biseriate, and orange-brown at maturity in the ascus. Colony characteristics included little or no aerial mycelium, dark-yellow to gray-black mycelium, gray-black pseudosclerotia, and yellow pigmentation in the agar. Morphological characteristics of the fungus overlapped with the description of L. corni-maris. ‘Fuji’ apple fruit that were wounded, inoculated with representative isolates, and incubated at 0°C yielded the same symptoms as seen in packinghouses, and the fungus was reisolated from the diseased fruit. This is the first report of a fruit rot in stored apple caused by L. corni-maris in the United States. We propose Lambertella rot as the name of this disease.
First Report of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus in Hawthorn in China
Authors: Wang M. , Dai H.
Published: September 2014

Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) is the type species of the genus Trichovirus in the Betaflexiviridae family (1). ACLSV is distributed worldwide in most pome and stone fruit trees of the Rosaceae family, including apple, pear, peach, plum, cherry, apricot, and hawthorn (3). In 2012, a de novo assembly of the fruit transcriptome of a hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida) accession maintained in the National Hawthorn Germplasm Repository at Shenyang was conducted using Illumina-based RNA-seq data, and it resulted that a 7,543 nt of the genomic sequence of ACLSV was assembled. To confirm the result of Illumina RNA-Seq analysis, nine pairs of primers were designed according to the assembled sequence of ACLSV to amplify the genomic sequence of ACLSV by RT-PCR with total RNA extracted from hawthorn leaves as template (2). The full-length sequence of the isolate of ACLSV from hawthorn assembled with the sequences of the RT-PCR fragments was also 7,543 nt (GenBank Accession No. KM207212), which shows 99.5% nucleotide identity with the sequence assembled from Illumina RNA-seq data. The isolate of ACLSV from hawthorn was named SY01, which shows about 75% nucleotide identity with the sequences of ACLSV isolated from apple (GenBank Accession No. KJ522693), peach (JN634760), and plum (M58152). The nucleotide sequences of coat protein and RNA polymerase genes of SY01 are about 83 and 88% identical with those of ACLSV isolates in GenBank, respectively. A pair of primers HF/HR (ACCGGCGTCTTTTGCAAACT/TGGGTTCCAGAGTTTGAATGCA), which amplified a 210-bp fragment, was designed according to the sequence of SY01 to detect ACLSV in hawthorns. With RT-PCR, ACLSV was detected in 6 of the 30 accessions of hawthorn, and the nucleotide identity among PCR fragments was 92%. In addition, leaves from six RT-PCR positive plants reacted positively when tested by DAS-ELISA with polyclonal antisera (X-Y Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) raised against ACLSV. These findings, representing the first report of the presence of ACLSV in hawthorn in China, illustrate the need to develop virus-free trees of hawthorn for cultivation and germplasm distribution of this important Rosaceae family plant.

References: (1) E. B. Carstens. Arch. Virol. 155:133, 2010. (2) H. Dai et al. PLoS ONE 8(9):e72910, 2013. (3) A. T. Katsiani et al. Plant Pathol. 63:63, 2014.
Conservation and structural analysis of the Xenopus laevis phospho-proteome
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey R. , Santos Silvia D. , Johnson Tasha , Pieper Ursula , Sali Andrej , Krogan Nevan J. , Beltrao Pedro
Published: September 2014

The African clawed frogXenopus laevisis an important model organism for studies in developmental and cell biology, including cell-signaling. However, our knowledge ofX. laevisprotein post-translational modifications remains scarce. Here, we used a mass spectrometry-based approach to survey the phosphoproteome of this species, compiling a list of 3225 phosphosites. We used this resource to study the conservation between the phosphoproteomes ofX. laevisand 13 other species. We found that the degree of conservation of phosphorylation across species is predictive of sites with known molecular function, kinase interactions and functionally relevant phospho-regulatory interactions. In addition, using comparative protein structure models, we find that phosphosites within structured domains tend to be located at positions with high conformational flexibility. A fraction of sites appear to occur in inaccessible positions and have the potential to regulate protein conformation.