bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching as a Gift of Peace
Authors: Sawicki Marianne
Published: February 2011

“Christian educators often are better at retelling the memories of the past than at coming up with evidence that the Lord is still living within us today. To get the attention of the world, we have to catch it with its shoes off, as it were, in a teachable moment. … I suggest that the Christian message is the immune system of humanity—not of the “old” humanity of Adam and Eve, but of the new humanity that God is creating in Jesus Christ. This immune system is a network of interlocking components which guard the health of this fragile creature. These components are analogous to white blood cells, antibodies, and the other physical mechanisms of health maintenance present within the biological organism. However, in the case of the Christian message system, the components are not physical things, but rather units of meaning. We enumerate them as doctrines or beliefs, although they are also practices. Christian education is what is supposed to be keeping these components in order.”
Sacrament as Social Process: Christ the Transformer of Culture
Authors: Yoder John H.
Published: February 2011

… Each of these practices [of the apostolic community] can function as a paradigm for ways in which other social groups might operate. … People who do not share the faith or join the community can learn from them. “Binding and loosing” can provide models for conflict resolution, alternatives to litigation, and alternative perspectives on “corrections.” Sharing bread is a paradigm, not only for soup kitchens and hospitality houses, but also for social security and negative income tax. “Every member of the Body has a gift” is an immediate alternative to vertical “business” models of management. Paul's solidarity models of deliberation correlate with the reasons that the Japanese can make better cars than Detroit.
What is Creation? Rereading Genesis 1 and 2
Authors: Welker Michael
Published: February 2011

God saw; God evaluated; God named; God separated; God brings to the human being; God allows to be named; God reacts to the needy situation of loneliness and helplessness of the human being who is not yet differentiated into man and woman. According to the classical creation texts, all of these activities and reactivities are part of the complex event ‘creation.’ All these reactive activities, which relate to that which is already “produced,” are requisite in order to bring the process of the creation of heaven and earth to a close. God sees, names, separates, and reacts in a differentiated way to the situation and behavior of the human being. What a world lies between this important characteristic of divine creating in the classical creation texts and the concept of unconditional production and causation!
Rethinking Church Models Through Scripture
Authors: Brueggemann Walter
Published: February 2011

“There is no one single or normative model of church life. It is dangerous and distorting for the church to opt for an absolutist model that it insists upon in every circumstance. Moreover, we are more prone to engage in such reductionism, if we do not keep alive a conversation concerning competing and conflicting models. Or to put it positively, models of the church must not be dictated by cultural reality, but they must be voiced and practiced in ways that take careful account of the particular time and circumstance into which God's people are called. Every model of the church must be critically contextual.”
The Promise of Technology Versus God's Promise In Job
Authors: Strong David
Published: February 2011

“In our age, nearly everything we confront on a daily basis is either already under control or it is viewed as something to bring under control and to be made use of. In direct opposition to this way of seeing, interpreting, and taking up with things are the creation stories of the Bible and the vision of wild creation in Job. Wild things in these passages do not need to be rearranged, ‘developed,’ or made use of before they reach the fullness of their being. Wild things in these passages are already as good as they can be, on their own. Recognizing them in their own right, pausing and lingering unselfconsciously before them, makes one receptive to a fresh and refreshing vision of our existence.”
The Bible and Ecological Spirituality
Authors: Gulick Walter B.
Published: February 2011

“To reflect upon the integrity of the land apart from human use would require an abstract quality of thought not characteristic of the biblical worldview. In sum, nature in the Bible is generally either regarded as a resource, or it fades into the background while, in the foreground, the significant drama of history is played out. In order to explore how the Bible might serve as a normative source for an ecological spirituality, an alternative must be found to focusing directly on how nature is portrayed in biblical passages. A promising direction is to reflect upon some of the qualities of an ecological consciousness or an ecological spirituality and then to see to what extent the Bible supports these qualities.”
Preaching the Gospel in Academy and Society
Authors: Placher William C.
Published: February 2011

“Many academics turn from church or synagogue sometime in early adolescence, and their image of religion remains what they learned in fourth grade Sunday School. It is as if one assumed that the curriculum of a college mathematics department culminated in long division, or that biological research consisted exclusively in gathering the leaves from different species of trees and pressing them flat under three volumes of the World Book Encyclopedia. If those no longer involved with churches want to update their views of religion, they sometimes turn their television dials to the cable evangelists and find most of their prejudices confirmed.”
Restructuring Confirmation
Authors: Osmer Richard Robert
Published: February 2011

“Revivalism's erosion of the norms traditionally associated with Reformation commitment to catechetical instruction was a gradual process. … By the end of the nineteenth century, the Sunday School had become the dominant form of Christian education. … Slowly but surely, confirmation has come to be seen as a time when individuals explore their faith and decide for themselves whether or not they will continue to participate in the church. … A new series of liturgical-teaching practices must be formulated, harking back to traditional forms of catechetical instruction for children or the adult catechumenate of the ancient church.”
A Mystery Story: Children, Cancer, and Covenant
Authors: Komp Diane M.
Published: February 2011

“Behold, I show you a mystery!”

“The peace and healing of God that defy all human understanding can keep our hearts and minds, even when they don't satisfy our analytical inclinations. … Science only asks what and how, philosophy asks why, but it is religion that asks who. God's great mystery story is, after all, a ‘whodunit.’”
The Chief End of All Flesh
Authors: Hauerwas Stanley , Berkman John
Published: February 2011

“In light of the scriptural witness that humans and other animals share in the ultimate end, which is God's peaceable kingdom, we thus believe that each and every creature is created to manifest God's glory. Animals will not manifest God's glory insofar as their lives are measured in terms of human interests, but only insofar as their lives serve God's good pleasure. Similarly, humans manifest God's glory when we learn to see animals as God sees animals, recognizing that animals exist not to serve us, but rather for God's good pleasure.”
The Question of the Doctrine of Providence
Authors: Wood Charles M.
Published: February 2011

“What sense might be given to the notion of God's ‘upholding’ of ‘heaven and earth together with all creatures?’ How, if at all, could the idea of God's ‘ruling’ of everything be made intelligible? Can we, and should we, understand unfruitful years, sickness, and poverty—or for that matter, fruitful years, health, and riches—as, in some sense, provided by God? Is patience really the most pertinent advice Christians can give themselves and others when facing adversity? On these and other points, there appears to be a profound dissonance between what the Heidelberg Catechism commends to us and what many of us find ourselves able to understand or willing to affirm.”
Pilgrims Lost in an Alien Land
Authors: Webb-Mitchell Brett
Published: February 2011

“Young people who have been diagnosed as ‘behavior disorders’ are pilgrims lost in an alien land. It is important to note that they are not new to God's story, since they are able to describe God and God's nature in ways that reveal a living faith. They are waiting for someone, somewhere, to accompany them on the journey and to point out to them that sacred place where they can find rest for their souls and answers to their queries of God.”
Afrocentrism and Biblical Authority
Authors: Felder Cain Hope
Published: February 2011

“Throughout Western history, the authority of the Bible has been predicated upon the tacit assumption of the preeminence of European cultures as somehow the most suitable and, thus, the most reliable ‘bearers of the tradition'—a tradition that has been passed on and otherwise shared with the Americas and Asia. Especially in the modern period, the attitude developed that African Americans, Afro-Asiatics, Asians, and Hispanics were quite secondary to the ancient biblical narratives. The Europeans and Euro-American church and academy historically and unevenly struggled to speak and, sometimes, to write with a vision of universalism and inclusiveness, but, actually, the church and academy thought and practiced particularity and exclusiveness without reference to the authority of what the biblical authors thought or did in their ancient contexts. Recent studies, however, help us to appreciate the biblical world as being, as one title indicates, Before Color Prejudice.”
Vision and Imagination in Atonement Doctrine
Authors: Van Dyk Leanne
Published: February 2011

“The dark mystery, the holy secret of the atonement must always serve as a caution and reminder to the theologian. The atoning death of Jesus Christ will not be reduced to a formula of scholars or a possession of the church. The tragic elements of the story, the inescapable judgment on human self-deception, and the mysterious salvific impact of the atonement must never be muted or dimmed in the legitimate interest of theological clarity and precision.”

“Why must holy places be dark places?”

C. S. Lewis, Till We Have Faces
The Wild Bird Who Heals: Recovering The Spirit in Nature
Authors: Wallace Mark I.
Published: February 2011

“The Bible's creation hymns teach us that we are earth creatures, mud people, molded by the cosmic potter out of the clay of earth. But many of us in the postmodern West construe ourselves differently as denizens of a shopping-mall, temperature-controlled, throw-away world in which we have little need for reidentification with the primitive soil of our ancestral origins. Others, however, hunger for a renaturalized Christianity where the palpable sense of divine presence can be touched and tasted and heard and smelled in the push and pull of natural beings and forces.”

“I enter a swamp as a sacred place,—a sanctum sanctorum.”

“I believe that man is at the top of the pecking order. I think that God gave us dominion over these creatures … I just look at … a chicken … and I consider the human being on a higher scale. Maybe that's because a chicken doesn't talk.”
Tribal Talk: Black Theology in Postmodern Configurations
Authors: Coleman Will
Published: February 2011

“When we began our conversations in 1988, we had no idea of the vision we would see or the call to which we would eventually respond. Our purpose, then, was simply to meet in order to discuss how we could work together as scholars, and especially as young African American men, who found ourselves in the academy, far away from our communities of origin. During the course of many conversations, we hit upon the theme, as if inspired, of ‘writing our way back home.’ ‘Home’ became a metaphor for our deepest yearning to return … to the psychological, emotional, and spiritual heritage of our African American presence within a predominantly Euro-American environment. I remember well the day we made that collective affirmation in my apartment. We did not know at the time that we were soon to discover that our ancestors were listening in on our conversations.”
Academic Theology in Pastoral Perspective
Authors: Charry Ellen T.
Published: February 2011

“In our secular age, guidance from any source but self is disdained, the notion of centering one's life in anything—perhaps especially God—appears a bit eccentric, and public discourse is dominated by anger and adversariness. In this atmosphere, Christianity constitutes a refreshing and needed alternative because it does not simply celebrate human life but seeks to transform human persons through the grace of God in Jesus Christ by the Holy Spirit.”
Whatever Happened to the Doctrine of Sin?
Authors: Kelsey David H.
Published: February 2011

“I want to suggest that the doctrine of sin is vigorously alive but has migrated. It has moved into different contexts provided by various doctrinal loci; it has moved under the pressure of subtly different judgments about what the basic gist is of the Christian message; and the effects of the moves are pastorally, morally, and even politically practical. We can broadly map the doctrine's migration by noting its traditional home and sketching three trajectories along which it has migrated.”
Not the Way it's S'Pposed to Be: A Breviary of Sin
Authors: Plantinga Cornelius
Published: February 2011

“All traditional Christians agree that human beings have a biblically certified and empirically demonstrable bias toward evil. We are both complicitous in and molested by the evil of our race. We both discover evil and invent it; we both ratify and extend it. … By disposition, practice, and habit, human beings let loose a great, rolling momentum of evil across generations.”“Everything's s'pposed to be different than what it is here.”Mac (Danny Glover) in “Grand Canyon”
Sin and Evil in Feminist Thought
Authors: Smith Christine M.
Published: February 2011

“Praxis is central to feminist thought and theology. It is not enough simply to speak or to write about sin and evil if our theologies do not lead to change and transformation. Feminist theology takes as its starting point concrete human suffering and oppression and, then, builds theologies in response to that human reality.”
Preaching About Sin in Contemporary Protestantism
Authors: Witten Marsha G.
Published: February 2011

“[W]hile some traditional images of sin are retained in [sermons], the language frequently cushions the listener from their impact, employing a variety of softening rhetorical devices. … Yet, in many of the sermons, judgment against sin is in fact rendered. But it is not aimed at the listeners; indeed, its precise formulations and the nature of its targets may give us pause. This may suggest that, while care is taken not to appear unattractive to actual or potential members of the congregation (seeing them as ‘consumers’ to be courted), politeness does not necessarily extend into tolerance for those outside the reach of the church.”
Sin in Contemporary Literature
Authors: Fletcher John
Published: February 2011

“There is … a category of writers who, without being believers, are what the Germans call ‘God-intoxicated. ’ Such people sense, often in an unfocused way, the outspread wing of the avenging angel casting its shadow over their world. … [T]hey do not deal with individual guilt so much as a kind of generalized, universal stain, original sin in the precise theological meaning of that term.”
The Craft of Christ's Imperfect Tailors
Authors: Coalter Milton J.
Published: February 2011

“Once knowledge becomes habitual, one can act to recall its content, without constantly referring to recorded sources previously read. A ‘studied response’ in ministry takes on new meaning when viewed in the light of the medieval scholar's concern to create an internal book of memory. Knowledge derived from reading and study, but stored in a constantly ruminating memory, presents the promising potential of rapid, yet thoughtful, responses to spontaneous occasions for ministry and service.”
Fantasy and the Geography of Faith
Authors: Lane Belden C.
Published: February 2011

“We want to be able at last, through the power of story, to rediscover our own world. So, in our imaginations—late at night, with extra coffee poured—we stretch out on the wide table before us all the ancient maps that we've gathered. … We reach for every possibility, in our ravenous effort to quench the geographical thirst that drives us. Through it all, we long to uncover new and unexplored landscapes of the imagination, realizing that the deepest human impulse is to ‘map’ not only what one knows but also what one hopes.”
The Ascetic Impulse in Ancient Christianity
Authors: Wimbush Vincent L.
Published: February 2011

“It is important to understand … that the difference between the non-elites (‘the weak’) and the elites in Corinth is not that between a world-rejecting ethic (the ‘weak’) on the one hand and a world-embracing ethic (the pneumatic elites) on the other. Clearly, both groups shared the imperative to renounce the world; the fact of membership in this new social group, the Jesus movement at Corinth, suggests as much.”
Touched by the Eternal
Authors: Meilaender Gilbert
Published: February 2011

“[W]hatever our weaknesses, they alone do not finally define human nature. We are both finite and free. We are constituted by our finite attachments and commitments, but they cannot stand alone. They must be drawn into the transforming power of God's love. And they can be, for our nature has been taken into the divine life through Christ.”
Humble Dominion
Authors: Tubbs, James B.
Published: February 2011

“[I]f human dominion as despotic license is indefensible within the context of Old Testament theology, it is certainly unspeakable within the context of Jesus' teachings and New Testament christological models. Selfish dominance in any form is inconsistent with the model of obedient, humble service we find in Jesus Christ, the New Adam.”
The Difference Theological Anthropology Makes
Authors: Tanner Kathryn
Published: February 2011

“Theology, on the basis of its understanding of God, proclaims the objective value of God's creatures, a value that must, therefore, be respected in the relations human beings establish with one another and with other kinds of beings in the world. A whole sociopolitical and ecological ethics can be developed from this starting point. …”
Why are Our Cities Dying?
Authors: Thistlethwaite Susan Brooks
Published: February 2011

I was moved to write this article when I read in the newspaper today that in New York City a gunmun roved through a communter train shooting randomly, killing four people and wounding twenty-one others. SBT
The impact of housing energy efficiency improvements on reduced exposure to cold — the ‘temperature take back factor’
Authors: Hamilton IG , Davies M. , Ridley I. , Oreszczyn T. , Barrett M. , Lowe R. , Hong S. , Wilkinson P. , Chalabi Z.
Published: February 2011

Energy used in dwellings is an important target for actions aimed at averting climate change. It is increasingly recognised that these actions may also have near-term effects on health arising from changes to the indoor environment. As part of a major study of such health effects, we modelled hypothetical household energy interventions for the UK of the type and scale needed to meet near-term (nominally 2030) abatement targets. Here, we provide details of the elements of our model that address the relationships between the fabric and ventilation improvements and changes in indoor temperature during the heating season — the ‘temperature take back factor’. We demonstrate that the scale of these interventions is consistent with the emission reductions proposed by the UK Climate Change Committee, and estimate that, in the UK, the consequent reduction in exposure to indoor cold may result in around 4400 fewer disability-adjusted life-years each year. The inclusion of the temperature take back factor for the fabric and ventilation interventions reduces the relevant expected CO2 reductions by ~6%.

Practical application: Improvements to the UK housing stock aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions will result in changes in internal temperatures. Such changes in temperature have implications for both public health and the prediction of emissions reductions. We present here an approach for quantifying the ‘temperature take back factor’, which is of relevance to environmental and energy modelling.
Exporting and innovation performance: Analysis of the annual Small Business Survey in the UK
Authors: Añón Higón Dolores , Driffield Nigel
Published: February 2011

This paper analyses the determinants of the export propensity of UK small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) based on the 2004 Annual Small Business Survey. Particular emphasis is placed upon the relationship between innovation activities (distinguishing product from process innovation) and export performance. In general the data suggest that some 17 per cent of firms within this group sell outside the UK. Businesses that export are also characterized by high levels of innovation activity (43 per cent of exporters innovate in products, 27 per cent innovate in process and 21 per cent innovate in both). When considering product and process innovation independently we find that both impact positively on the decision to export. However, once we consider the interdependence between both innovation activities, we find no robust evidence that process innovation increases the probability to export beyond product innovation.
From social pathologies to individual psyches: psychiatry navigating socio-political currents in 20th-century Latvia
Authors: Lūse Agita
Published: February 2011

The paper explores psychiatry’s responses to the twentieth-century socio-political currents in Latvia by focusing on social objectives, clinical ideologies, and institutional contexts of Soviet mental health care. The tradition of German biological psychiatry in which Baltic psychiatrists had been trained blended well with the materialistic monism of Soviet psychoneurology. Pavlov’s teaching of the second signal system was well suited to Soviet ideological needs: speech stimuli were seen as a vehicle for moulding the individual’s mind. The transformation in diagnostic practices during the 1970s and 1980s reflected the demise of optimism about the capacity of the self to model itself to the needs of the society. Latvian psychiatry was prepared to embrace more individualistic and pessimistic theories of the self.
‘Good in all respects’: appearance and dress at Staffordshire County Lunatic Asylum, 1818-54
Authors: Wynter Rebecca
Published: February 2011

Dress was integral to the ideals and practice of Staffordshire County Lunatic Asylum, an institution catering for all social classes. Lunatics’ appearance was used to gauge the standard of care inside the asylum and beyond. Clothing was essential for moral treatment and physical health. It helped to denote social and institutional class: clothes were integral to paupers’ admission; rich patients spent time and money dressing; for disturbed inmates and those who destroyed asylum attire, the consequence could be ‘secure dress’, which was fundamental to therapeutics. Later, when an ethos of non-restraint was introduced, the superintendent used patients’ appearance to propagate an image of his enlightened care.
Vitamins for the soul: John Bowlby’s thesis of maternal deprivation, biomedical metaphors and the deficiency model of disease
Authors: Duniec Eduardo , Raz Mical
Published: February 2011

In 1951 John Bowlby, British psychoanalyst and child psychiatrist, published his now famous report, Maternal Care and Mental Health, commissioned by the World Health Organization. In this report, Bowlby coined the term ‘maternal deprivation’, which quickly permeated into Western psychiatry and psychology. The implications of Bowlby’s writings, while widely criticized and contested, generated a considerable amount of research and brought about significant changes in perceptions of separation between children and their mothers. This article examines the origins of the ‘maternal deprivation’ hypothesis, focusing on how the deficiency theory of disease influenced psychiatric discourse, and framed Bowlby’s theory of maternal care. We argue that developments in paediatric medicine, and particularly in the field of nutritional deficiencies, provided Bowlby a prototype for conceptualizing his early views on the psychological needs of children and the development of psychopathology.
Somatic and Geographical Bodies: Constructions of Gender and Nature in the 20th Century
Authors: Vigo Julian
Published: February 2011

This article examines the nexus between nature and culture, the real and the constructed, and between gender and body as exposed within queer theory and as exercised in performance and installation art. Moving from theories and artistic practices which engage the mechanical body to those of the transsexual body, this article essays to undo the double-binaries implicit within contemporary modalities for somatic identification.
Evaluation of a paper and electronic pictorial COPD action plan
Authors: Roberts NJ , Partridge MR
Published: February 2011

Personalised written action plans are increasingly regarded as an important component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) self-management support and yet they may not be understood by those with limited literacy skills. This study was designed to produce a comprehensible pictorial COPD action plan for use by patients and health care professionals. With advice from a group of doctors and nurses a 'standard' written COPD action plan was translated by a medical artist into a series of pictorial images. These were assessed using the techniques of guessability and translucency in 21 adults attending a COPD clinic in a London hospital. Guessability and translucency scores show that pictograms were reasonably well understood, with only 3 pictograms showing low score in both guessability and translucency questionnaires. These included images depicting increased sputum production, swollen ankles, and use of extra doses of reliever medication. However, after brief spoken reinforcement about self-management, most patients could use the pictorial plan to suggest appropriate self-management behaviour such as when to access medical care. We have developed a pictorial COPD action plan. Pictorial methods represent an effective method of reinforcing the spoken word for all ranges of literacy.
Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in bronchiectasis: A retrospective study
Authors: Ong HK , Lee AL , Hill CJ , Holland AE , Denehy L
Published: February 2011

There is limited information about the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with bronchiectasis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an out-patient PR program in patients with a primary diagnosis of bronchiectasis and to compare them with a matched COPD group who completed the same PR program. A retrospective review was conducted of patients with bronchiectasis or COPD who completed 6 to 8 weeks of PR at two tertiary institutions. The outcome measures were the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ). Ninety-five patients with bronchiectasis completed the PR (48 male; FEV1 63 [24] % predicted; age 67 [10] years). Significant improvements in 6MWD (mean change 53.4 m, 95% CI 45.0 to 61.7) and CRQ total score (mean change 14.0 units, 95% CI 11.3 to 16.7) were observed immediately following PR. In patients with complete follow-up (n = 37), these improvements remained significantly higher than baseline at 12 months (20.5 m, 95% CI 1.4 to 39.5 for 6MWD; 12.1 points, 95% CI 5.7 to 18.4 for CRQ total score). The time trend and changes in the 6MWD and CRQ scores were not significantly different between the bronchiectasis and the COPD groups (all p > 0.05). This study supports the inclusion of patients with bronchiectasis in existing PR programs. Further prospective RCTs are warranted to substantiate these findings.
Alkoxyphenyl-Substituted Symmetric Liquid Crystalline Diamantane Derivatives
Authors: Gushiken Tsuyoshi , Ujiie Seiji , Ubukata Takashi , Yokoyama Yasushi
Published: February 2011

Eleven novel thermotropic rod-shaped liquid crystals composed of alkoxyphenyl (methoxy to decyloxy) or hexanoyloxyphenyl groups on both ends of the diamantane core have been synthesized and their liquid crystalline properties investigated. All of them behaved as liquid crystals at considerably high temperatures. When the alkoxy side chains are propyloxy or shorter, the clearing points are over 300 °C. The clearing point of a liquid crystalline compound with two hexanoyloxy groups also exceeds 300 °C. When the alkoxy groups on both ends of the molecule are octyloxy or longer, they showed only smectic phases as the mesophase. When they are shorter than octyloxy, the compounds showed nematic phases just below their clearing points. A nematic phase was also observed for the hexanoyloxy compound as well as the smectic A and B phases. However, as the bent-shaped adamantane-derived hexyloxyphenyl molecule did not show any liquid crystalline properties, the linear structures of the diamantane-derived molecules were crucial in generating liquid crystalline phases.
Electron Mobility in a Mercury-mediated Duplex of Triazole-linked DNA (TLDNA)
Authors: Isobe Hiroyuki , Yamazaki Naomi , Asano Atsushi , Fujino Tomoko , Nakanishi Waka , Seki Shu
Published: February 2011

A metal-ion-mediated duplex of triazole-linked DNA (TLDNA) was synthesized via thymine–mercury(II)–thymine (T–Hg–T) base pairing. The electron-transport properties of the mercury-mediated duplex deposited on a solid substrate were determined by time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements.
Taking the Politics Out of Paving: Achieving Transportation Asset Management Excellence Through OR
Authors: Feunekes Ugo , Palmer Steve , Feunekes Andrea , MacNaughton John , Cunningham Jay , Mathisen Kim
Published: February 2011

The New Brunswick Department of Transportation (NBDoT) maintains over 18,000 kilometers of roads, 2,900 bridges, various ferry crossings, and other assets. Because of its limited budget, NBDoT faced significant challenges in rehabilitating its infrastructure assets valued at several billion dollars. Its goal was to develop transparent, defensible, long-term plans for managing New Brunswick's highway infrastructure, and secure commitment from decision makers and support from the public for these plans. The operations research component of the asset management framework uses a unique combination of linear programming and heuristic techniques. The model incorporates long-term objectives and constraints from an operations perspective—it weighs all options; considers costs, timings, and asset life cycles; and produces optimal treatment plans and schedules of activities. NBDoT anticipates $72 million (discounted) in annual savings, amounting to $1.4 billion (discounted) over the next 20 years. NBDoT has become a global leader in the field of asset management, and the success has attracted the attention of transportation officials around the world.
INDEVAL Develops a New Operating and Settlement System Using Operations Research
Authors: Muñoz David Fernando , de Lascurain Miguel , Romero-Hernandez Omar , Solis Francisco , de los Santos Luis , Palacios-Brun Arturo , Herrería Francisco J. , Villaseñor Jaime
Published: February 2011

INDEVAL, Mexico's central securities depository for all financial securities, implemented a new operating system to increase its operational efficiency and comply with international securities-settlement best practices. INDEVAL used operations research techniques in its core clearing process and in testing the new system's viability. Best practices address high capacity and reliability, real-time settlement, delivery versus payment (DvP), secure data storage and communications (based on the ISO15022 standard), central bank cash funds, and operational transparency. In this paper, we define the problem and discuss a linear programming model, system simulation, and major business process modeling that we devised for the new system. A novel application of operations research techniques provided several benefits, including (1) analysis and testing of the DvP settlement mechanism, which quickly and efficiently processes transactions and optimally uses available cash and securities balances; (2) a secure, reliable, and automatic clearing and settlement engine that operates continuously and efficiently handles all transactions that INDEVAL receives from its participants; and (3) an intelligent and flexible presettlement function that uses business rules and parameters to control the execution of the clearing and settlement process. The new system settles securities transactions that average over $250 billion daily; its successful implementation has substantially improved Mexico's financial system.
From the Editor
Authors: Bollapragada Srinivas
Published: February 2011

No astract available.
Evidence, policy and guidance for practice: a critical reflection on the case of social housing landlords and antisocial behaviour in Scotland
Authors: Anderson Isobel
Published: February 2011

This paper examines the role of guidance for practitioners in the evidence–policy–practice relationship through a critical reflection of the process of developing evidence-informed guidance for housing practitioners working in the area of antisocial behaviour in Scotland. The paper applies theoretical models for the use of evidence in policy and practice to the process of designing guidance; to assessing its impact; and to the potential for practice to (re-)influence the policy process. The analysis identifies challenges and lessons in terms of the blurring of professional boundaries; scope for increased rigour in practice guidance; the need for mechanisms to monitor the impact of guidance; and the need to incorporate the influence of practice more explicitly in analysis of the policy process. Adopting a more dynamic, systems approach to using evidence could enhance the effectiveness of the process.
Photoinduced processes in chromophore–gold nanoparticle assemblies
Authors: Kotiaho Anne , Lahtinen Riikka , Lemmetyinen Helge
Published: February 2011

Development of nanotechnology requires that the interaction between components of nanoscale devices can be studied and understood better. Photoinduced processes between small (2–5 nm in core diameter) gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and chromophores, including porphyrin, fullerene, and phthalocyanine, were studied. Two methods were selected for controlled assembly of chromophores and gold particles at close distances: thin films and covalent attachment, which yields chromophore-functionalized particles. Time-resolved spectroscopic and photoelectrical measurements carried out further confirmed the known strong effect of GNPs on photoexcited chromophores that leads to fast photoinduced processes. When GNPs are combined with suitable chromophores, the particles can act as electron donors or acceptors. GNPs are efficient energy acceptors, and some indications of their ability to act as energy donors were obtained. The participation of the GNPs in photoinduced charge transfer in addition to energy-transfer processes makes them attractive components for photoactive devices.
Child Welfare-Involved Youth With Intellectual Disabilities: Pathways Into and Placements in Foster Care
Authors: Slayter Elspeth , Springer Cheryl
Published: February 2011

Existing literature suggests that youth with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk for child maltreatment. Little is known about youth with intellectual disabilities who are supervised by child welfare authorities or living in foster care. Reasons for child welfare system involvement and placement types are explored. In this cross-sectional exploratory study, we drew on data from the Adoption and Foster Care Reporting System (AFCARS) for youth in 46 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. A sample of 17,714 youth with intellectual disabilities and a comparison group (n  =  655,536) were identified for 1999. Findings have implications for preventing the removal of youth from caregivers and the promotion of community inclusion of foster youth while in foster care.
Adsorption and Destruction of Methylene Blue by Semiconductor Photocatalysis
Authors: Mills Andrew , O'Rourke Christopher
Published: February 2011

The observed adsorption of methylene blue, MB
Geopolymer concrete using industrial byproducts
Authors: Deevasan K K , Ranganath R V
Published: February 2011

Recently, researchers and technologists have been focusing their efforts on the development of environmentally friendly construction materials with particular attention on the utilisation of industrial waste materials in their manufacture for sustainable development. Geopolymer concrete is a material obtained from binders made out of an industrial waste such as fly ash but activated by commercially available alkaline solutions. Relatively large quantities of alkali effluents are being produced from paper and other poly-fibre industries worldwide. This preliminary paper reports the development of a fly ash-based geopolymer concrete with the partial replacement of alkaline solutions with an industrial effluent that is a byproduct of the fibre industry. Initial test results showed that geopolymer concrete of the order of 50 MPa could be produced by using such an effluent that was strengthened by commercially procured sodium hydroxide flakes and sodium silicate solution.
Self-healing cementitious materials: a review of recent work
Authors: Joseph Christopher , Gardner Diane , Jefferson Tony , Isaacs Ben , Lark Bob
Published: February 2011

Historically construction materials have been designed to meet a fixed specification and material degradation has been viewed as inevitable and mitigated for through expensive maintenance regimes. Material scientists have recently begun developing materials which have the ability to adapt and respond to their environment, drawing on their knowledge and familiarity of biological systems. This fundamental change in material design philosophy has resulted in the creation of a whole host of ‘smart’ materials, including self-healing materials. The development of self-healing materials is reviewed in this paper, together with definitions of common terminology. A brief summary of the construction industry is given, together with a synopsis of the main issues of durability relating specifically to cementitious materials. Specific focus is then given to both autogenic (natural) and autonomic (manufactured) healing processes within cementitious materials. The paper concludes with a summary of self-healing materials, an overview of their potential use within the construction sector, and recommendations to this sector for future uptake of these new and innovative materials.
Briefing: ASCE welcomes Forensic Engineering
Authors: Carper Kenneth L.
Published: February 2011

Established in 1985, the technical council on forensic engineering of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) conducts an extensive number of projects aimed at disseminating lessons learned from civil engineering failures. The goal is to reduce the frequency and severity of performance deficiencies by influencing improvements in design and construction practices. The activities and projects of the technical council have contributed to a better understanding of the role of forensic engineering in the USA, enhancing both the image and the influence of forensic engineering practice. This brief article summarises the work of the technical council and extends a warm welcome to Forensic Engineering.
Investigation of dam incidents and failures
Authors: Warren Alan L.
Published: February 2011

History tells us that dams can bring many benefits to society but there is also a long history of ‘near-miss’ incidents and failures that, in some cases, have led to great loss of life. The investigation of incidents and failures around the world has led to improvements in the design and construction of dams with the aim of reducing the risk of failure. By illustration of a number of examples and case studies, the objective of this paper is to explain the role of the investigating dam engineer in understanding the factors that contribute to dam safety incidents. The paper concludes that there is a role for more effective sharing of information both nationally and internationally to improve dam design and construction and reduce the risk of failure. The paper outlines how this might be achieved.
Load transfer from a raft to a pile with an interposed layer
Authors: FIORAVANTE V.
Published: February 2011

The load transfer mechanisms between a pile and a raft with an interposed granular layer have been studied by means of centrifuge physical model tests. The tests were carried out with an instrumented single model pile in two configurations: in direct contact with the raft and separated from the raft by a coarse granular layer. As the model tests show, a granular layer beneath a raft changes the pile shaft behaviour significantly compared with that exhibited by a pile in contact; it allows downward relative raft–pile and soil–pile displacement and the consequent development of negative skin friction around the upper pile shaft perimeter. Hence, the raft load is partially transferred to the pile through the pile head and partially through the negative skin friction of the upper shaft. The contact pile reduces the raft stress on the soil, and then a piled raft stiffness results that is close to that of a free-standing pile up to yield load and close to that of an unpiled raft after the yield load has been reached; the non-contact pile increases the piled raft stiffness over the whole investigated settlement range with respect to the unpiled raft.
Effect of relative density and stress level on the bearing capacity of footings on sand
Authors: LOUKIDIS D. , SALGADO R.
Published: February 2011

The design of shallow foundations relies on bearing capacity values calculated using empirical procedures that are based in part on solutions obtained using the method of characteristics, which assumes a soil that is perfectly plastic following an associated flow rule. In this paper the problem of strip and circular footings resting on the surface of a sand layer is analysed using the finite-element method. Analyses are performed using a two-surface plasticity constitutive model that realistically captures the aspects of the mechanical response of sands that are relevant to the bearing capacity problem. In particular, the model accounts for non-associated flow, strain-softening, and both stress-induced and inherent anisotropy. Based on the results of the analyses, the paper examines the validity of the bearing capacity factors Nγ and shape factors sγ used in practice. A relationship for determining appropriate values of friction angle for use in bearing capacity calculations is also proposed.
Dizygotic Twin Pregnancy with a Normal Fetus and a Nodular Embryo Associated with a Partial Hydatidiform Mole
Authors: Copeland Justin William , Stanek Jerzy
Published: February 2011

Although twin pregnancies complicated by a coexisting complete hydatidiform mole are uncommon, those with partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) are exceedingly rare; there are only several well-documented cases diagnosed antenatally. Here we present the first case of a twin placenta containing a nodular embryo associated with PHM diagnosed on routine placental examination. This dizygotic twin pregnancy featured viable embryos at 8 weeks' gestation, death of 1 embryo at 12 weeks, and delivery of a healthy infant by caesarean section at 28 weeks because of worsening maternal reflux nephropathy. Macroscopic and microscopic placental examination and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed one part of the placenta to be diploid and the other to contain a vanishing triploid embryo and a PHM, which had eluded antenatal ultrasound diagnosis. Careful pathologic examination of vanishing twins and their placentas may disclose an unexpected PHM, which can be associated, albeit infrequently, with persistent gestational trophoblastic disease or a trophoblastic tumor.
Dumping Syndrome, a Cause of Acquired Glycogenic Hepatopathy
Authors: Resnick Jeffrey M. , Zador Ivan , Fish Daryl L.
Published: February 2011

A 2-year-old boy, having undergone fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease and fed by gastrostomy, presented with recurrent emesis, syncope with hypoglycemia, and persistently elevated serum liver transaminase levels. Liver biopsy revealed hepatocellular glycogenosis by light and electron microscopy. Further evaluation showed no evidence of diabetes mellitus, glycogen storage disease, or corticosteroid use. Since the hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic state of dumping syndrome would provide a mechanism for hepatocellular glycogenosis, the biopsy findings prompted consideration of dumping syndrome. Metabolic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of dumping syndrome, and appropriate dietary management led to sustained resolution of symptomatology and hypertransaminasemia. Dumping syndrome is proposed to be a cause of hepatocellular glycogenosis, the latter representing a form of acquired glycogenic hepatopathy.
Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: a Comorbidity and Family History Perspective
Authors: Brakoulias Vlasios , Starcevic Vladan , Sammut Peter , Berle David , Milicevic Denise , Moses Karen , Hannan Anthony
Published: February 2011

Objective: The concept of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs) has become so influential that there are proposals to introduce it into new diagnostic classificatory systems. The aim of this paper was to assess whether rates of comorbidity and family history of OCSDs in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) supported this concept.

Method: Comorbidity and family history were assessed in a group of participants with a primary diagnosis of OCD, using structured clinical interviews. Rates of OCSDs and other anxiety disorders (OADs), excluding OCD, were compared.

Results: Of the 77 OCD participants assessed, the most prevalent comorbid conditions were OADs: generalized anxiety disorder (34.6%), specific phobia (26.9%), social phobia (21.8%) and panic disorder (19.2%). The proposed OCSDs were less frequently comorbid: tic disorder (12.8%), trichotillomania (5.1%), hypochondriasis (3.8%) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) (3.8%). Similar trends were observed for a family history of these disorders. No participant reported a family history of an OCSD without a family history of an OAD.

Conclusions: Although the concept of OCSDs has invigorated thinking in this complex diagnostic field, these results support the current association of OCD with OADs rather than with OCSDs.