bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iterative design of aircraft airframe components and assemblies
Authors: Abramov J.S. , Serebryansky S.A.
Published: April 2023

The rationale for the purpose of this article is the need to reduce the weight of aircraft structures while increasing strength, as well as reducing the time spent on design. Weight reduction leads to an increase in the take-off weight of the aircraft, which has a positive effect on the efficiency of the aviation complex. This method consists in iterative modeling of loads acting on the structure in CAM programs. The iterative design method is applicable at all stages of the development of airframe units. It allows you to see the areas with the lowest and highest stresses. The underloaded parts of the structure are lightened, and the overloaded ones are strengthened. Thus, the refinement of geometric parameters is achieved, and it also becomes possible to optimize the cons.The iterative method makes it possible to reduce the design time of components and assemblies, to obtain a more perfect design in terms of mass and strength characteristics, as well as to automate the process of developing components and assemblies using hardware and software tools. The approaches proposed in this paper make it possible to create an electronic product layout that can be used throughout the entire product life cycle, which reduces the amount of human, material and financial resources used.
Formation of requirement for an aircraft with increased payload and flight range
Authors: Serebryansky S.A. , Bekirov R.B.
Published: April 2023

The constant growth of cargo and passenger air transportation, their trends, as well as laws on noise and harmful emissions requirements make it possible to create a modern cargo aircraft of increased range and carrying capacity. In this paper, the analysis of the volume of the existing air fleet and the forecast of its development is carried out, it is proposed to consider the features of the formation of requirements for an aircraft of increased payload and flight range. the formation of such requirements will speed up the design process of such an aircraft, in case of a decision to start its creation. The research method will consist in analyzing the air cargo transportation market by GDP, current and future laws, the size and type of fleet, as well as current market leaders. As a result of the study, a general description of the aircraft and requirements for its characteristics were formed, as well as the size of the market for a potential aircraft of increased payload and range. The conclusion was the statement that such an aircraft of the above type is possible.
Approach to the selection of the optimal sized of the ear – fork lug
Authors: Zhuravlev A.A. , Serebryansky S.A.
Published: April 2023

This paper considers an approach to the selection of a coefficient that takes into account the angle of application of the load to calculate the strength of the ear-plug type eyelets, which are responsible power elements that perceive concentrated forces and affect the efficiency of the connected units and aggregates. The peculiarity of this study is to determine the optimal limits of the ratio range of linear dimensions based on static tests. In order to simplify the visualization task and find the optimal shapes and sizes of the eyelet, various methods for solving this problem were compared. Developed on the basis of MS.Excel, the program for automated calculation of the strength of eyelets of the ear - plug type can be used in the design and calculation of eyelets. The results of calculations in MS.Excel and SimCenter 3D show good accuracy and convergence, including with the results of static tests with an average discrepancy of 2 to 5%. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out and recommendations were developed to expand the range of the coefficient, taking into account the optimal ratio of linear dimensions in accordance with the requirements of strength, technological design, as well as maintainability.
Development of simulation models of the hydraulic system of passenger and transport aircraft in normal and failure situations
Authors: Volkov Aleksei , Balysheva Ekaterina , Pomortseva Alla , Uvarova Svetlana
Published: April 2023

The paper presents a simulation model of the hydraulic system of an aircraft containing a block supply with a variable flow pump, the discharge line of which is presented in the form of a certain container with liquid, the modulus of elasticity of which is constant, and a hydraulic accumulator is installed in the discharge line a certain capacity and pre-charge pressure, resistance of the discharge and drain lines. The developed simulation model allows failure situations, such as: violation of the internal and external tightness, changing the parameters of the accumulator, reducing the pressure of zero flow due to a change in the stiffness of the springs of the control spool and the servo piston of the regulator, jamming regulator in an intermediate position, etc. In addition, the model allows you to calculate the heat losses associated both with the aircraft flight mode and with changes in the hydrodynamic parameters of the system in regular and failure modes.
Features of aircraft operation in tropical climate conditions
Authors: Tkachenko Dmitrii , Kargashilov Dmitry , Fedotkina Tatiana , Misailov Andrey
Published: April 2023

The paper considers the issues of climatic resistance of materials and means of protecting aircraft (AC). It has been established that the solution of these issues is at the intersection of several sciences, primarily applied climatology, materials science and the science of the reliability of complex technical systems. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of corrosion processes that aircraft are exposed to in the humid tropics and subtropics (India, Venezuela, Cuba, Indonesia, Vietnam, etc.), which is due to the intensive operation of Soviet and Russian-made aircraft in these regions.
Antagonistes du récepteur minéralocorticoïde
Authors: Girerd Sophie , Soulie Matthieu , Barrera-Chimal Jonatan , Jaisser Frédéric
Published: April 2023

La maladie rénale diabétique (MRD) et ses comorbidités cardiovasculaires représentent des complications majeures chez les patients diabétiques. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, plusieurs études expérimentales ont montré le bénéfice cardiorénal apporté par les antagonistes du récepteur minéralocorticoïde (RM) dans des modèles animaux de maladies rénales diabétiques ou non. Dans cette synthèse, nous présentons le rôle de l’activation du RM dans l’induction des mécanismes inflammatoires et fibrosants qui contribuent à la physiopathologie de la MRD. Nous passons également en revue les principales conclusions de deux grands essais cliniques récents, FIDELIO-DKD et FIGARO-DKD, qui ont montré pour la première fois un bénéfice majeur de l’antagoniste non stéroïdien du RM, la finerénone, pour la réduction des risques rénaux et cardiaques chez les patients présentant une MRD. Nous discutons enfin de la place de la finerénone par rapport aux autres approches thérapeutiques actuelles et futures de la MRD.
Trouble dissociatif de l’identité de l’adolescent : de l’autodiagnostic à la maladie transitoire
Authors: Anselmetti Clara , Fourneret Pierre , Gauld Christophe
Published: April 2023

The category of dissociative identity disorder (DID) has puzzled medical science and fascinated popular culture for almost 200 years. Its occurrence in young people raises at least two new questions addressed by science studies and embedded philosophy: self-diagnosis (related to cyberchondria and mass media-induced illness) and transient disease (related to looping effect and identity claim specific to adolescence). In an attempt to refine the sociocognitive model, we analyze the impact of these notions in understanding the local ecological niche in which contemporary adolescent DID occurs.
L’organisation native de la cellule révélée grâce à la cryo-microscopie à expansion
Authors: Laporte Marine H. , Bertiaux Éloïse , Hamel Virginie , Guichard Paul
Published: April 2023

La plupart des techniques d’imagerie cellulaire, telles que la microscopie photonique ou la microscopie électronique, nécessitent que l’échantillon biologique soit préalablement fixé par des agents chimiques, une étape qui est connue pour endommager l’organisation sub-cellulaire. Pour pallier à ce problème, la cryo-fixation, inventée il y a plus de 40 ans, consiste à vitrifier les échantillons biologiques afin de préserver leur état natif. Cette méthode n’avait cependant été que très peu utilisée en microscopie photonique. Dans cette revue, nous présentons en détail la microscopie d’expansion, une technique de super-résolution développée récemment et qui, couplée à la cryo-fixation, permet de visualiser l’architecture cellulaire au plus près de son état natif.
Partial versus total knee arthroplasty for isolated antero-medial osteoarthritis – An analysis of PROMs and satisfaction
Authors: Annapareddy Adarsh , Mulpur Praharsha , Prakash Mrinal , Suhas Masilamani A. B. , Eachempati Krishna Kiran , Gurava Reddy A. V.
Published: April 2023

Aim: This study aimed to compare the patient-reported functional outcomes and patient satisfaction after medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) versus Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), performed for anteromedial osteoarthritis (AMOA) of the knee in patients from an Indian population, at a minimum 3-year follow-up.Methods: This is a prospective matched cohort study (1:2 ratio). One hundred and one UKA cases were matched to 206 TKA cases by propensity score matching for age, body mass index (BMI), gender distribution, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The primary outcome (Oxford knee score, OKS) was assessed at a 3-year follow-up, along with secondary outcomes (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] Score, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Anterior Knee Pain (Kujala) score, patient satisfaction, and revision rate at the final follow-up).Results: The UKA group was superior to the TKA group in patient-reported functional outcomes based on the OKS (p = 0.004). Using the FJS score, UKA was more likely to be a forgotten joint compared to TKA (p < 0.001). However, differences in the OKS and FJS did not meet the reported minimal clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds. Quality of life (EuroQol-5D VAS scale) was found to be significantly higher in the UKA group (p < 0.001). Patients in the UKA group were more likely to be very satisfied (75.2%) versus the TKA group (62.1%,p = 0.023).Conclusion: For AMOA, UKA was associated with improved patient satisfaction compared to TKA. Although patient-reported outcome measures were statistically in favour of UKA over TKA, the differences were not clinically significant. Multicenter and randomized studies comparing the two procedures are warranted.

Evidence: Level-II Therapeutic
The role of particle precipitation on plasma structuring at different altitudes by in-situ measurements
Authors: Buschmann Lisa M. , Bonnell John W. , Bounds Scott , Clausen Lasse B.N. , Kletzing Craig , Marholm Sigvald , Miloch Wojciech J. , Roglans Roger , Spicher Andres
Published: April 2023

The plasma in the cusp ionosphere is subject to particle precipitation, which is important for the development of large-scale irregularities in the plasma density. These irregularities can be broken down into smaller scales which have been linked to strong scintillations in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals. We present power spectra for the plasma density irregularities in the cusp ionosphere for regions with and without auroral particle precipitation based on in-situ measurements from the Twin Rockets to Investigate Cusp Electrodynamics-2 (TRICE-2) mission, consisting of two sounding rockets flying simultaneously at different altitudes. The electron density measurements taken from the multi-needle Langmuir probe system (m-NLP) were analyzed for the whole flight duration for both rockets. Due to their high sampling rates, the probes allow for a study of plasma irregularities down to kinetic scales. A steepening of the slope in the power spectra may indicate two regimes, a frequency interval with a shallow slope, where fluid-like processes are dominating, and an interval with a steeper slope which can be addressed with kinetic theory. The steepening occurs at frequencies between 20 Hz and 100 Hz with a median similar to the oxygen gyrofrequency. Additionally, the occurrence of double slopes increases where precipitation starts and throughout the rest of the flight. In addition, strong electron density fluctuations were found in regions poleward of the cusp, thus in regions immediately after precipitation. Furthermore, by investigating the integrated power of the fluctuations within different frequency ranges, we show that at low frequencies (10–100 Hz), the power is pronounced more evenly while the rocket encounters particle precipitation, while at high frequencies (100–1000 Hz) fluctuations essentially coincide with the passing through a flow channel.
Halbe Sachen in der Phytotherapie der Haut
Authors: Uehleke Bernhard
Published: April 2023

Wenn man jemandem nachsagt, er mache nur „halbe Sachen“, dann ist das
nicht gerade ein Kompliment. Insofern könnte meine Überschrift nur
auf wenig erfreuliche Entwicklungen verweisen, gäbe es nicht noch eine
zweite, weitgehend vergessene Bedeutung, die vielleicht einen Weg für
zukünftige Entwicklungen aufzeigt.
Does the Ethnic Difference Affect the Pharmacokinetics of Favipiravir? A Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Egyptian Volunteers and Development of Level C In-vitro In-vivo Correlation
Authors: Bendas Ehab R. , Rezk Mamdouh R. , Badr Kamal A.
Published: April 2023

Favipiravir is an antiviral drug used to treat influenza and is also being investigated for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Its pharmacokinetic profile varies depending on ethnic group. The present research examines the pharmacokinetic features of favipiravir in healthy male Egyptian volunteers. Another goal of this research is to determine the optimum dissolution testing conditions for immediate release tablets. In vitro dissolution testing was investigated for favipiravir tablets in three different pH media. The pharmacokinetic features of favipiravir were examined in 27 healthy male Egyptian volunteers. The parameter “AUC0-t” vs. percent dissolved was used to develop level C in vitro in vivo correlation (IVIVC) to set the optimum dissolution medium to achieve accurate dissolution profile for favipiravir (IR) tablets. The in vitro release results revealed significant difference among the three different dissolution media. The Pk parameters of twenty-seven human subjects showed mean value of Cpmax of 5966.45 ng/mL at median tmax of 0.75 h with AUC0-∞ equals 13325.54 ng.h/mL, showing half-life of 1.25 h. Level C IVIVC was developed successfully. It was concluded that Egyptian volunteers had comparable Pk values to American and Caucasian volunteers, however they were considerably different from Japanese subjects. AUC0-t vs. % dissolved was used to develop level C IVIVC to set the optimum dissolution medium. Phosphate buffer medium (pH 6.8) was found to be the optimum dissolution medium for in vitro dissolution testing for Favipiravir IR tablets.
Palladium-Catalyzed Cyanation of Nucleobases: Total Synthesis of Toyocamycin, Sangivamycin, and a Mycalisine A Precursor
Authors: Kapdi Anant R. , Shet Harshita , Sahu Rajesh , Sanghvi Yogesh S.
Published: April 2023

Installation of cyano group functionality onto nucleosides has always been a challenging task for chemists, and catalytic protocols developed for simple aryl substrates have, in most cases, failed to replicate their success when applied to nucleobase or sugar moieties of nucleosides. Given the importance of the cyano and amide functionalities in nucleoside chemistry, we herein disclose an efficient Pd-catalyzed cyanation protocol specifically applied to iodo nucleobases. Furthermore, the developed cyanation method has been explored for the synthesis of naturally occurring and bioactive nucleosides such as toyocamycin, sangivamycin, and a mycalisine A precursor.
Awake Aneurysm Clipping: Challenges Conquered
Authors: Kaur Kirandeep , Thappa Priya , Luthra Ankur , Chauhan Rajeev , Panda Nidhi , Sahoo Sushanta K.
Published: April 2023

Microsurgical aneurysm clipping under general anesthesia is considered a definitive procedure for the obliteration of unruptured and ruptured aneurysms. Aneurysm clipping can present with postoperative neurological complications, which can be missed under general anesthesia even with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. Real-time monitoring with awake patients can help prevent and treat these complications very early. The anesthesiologist has a vital role in awake aneurysm surgery from providing adequate surgical conditions to patient satisfaction and managing intraoperative complications. We report the first-hand experience as a neuroanesthesiology team managing awake craniotomy and aneurysm clipping.
Clinicoradiological and Biochemical Predictors of Mortality in Hospitalized Patients of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Wankhade Bhagyashri B. , Kumar Ashok , Mudassir Sanaullah , Ranjan Abhay
Published: April 2023

Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a cerebrovascular insult leading to bleeding within the brain parenchyma. It is associated with high rate of mortality and morbidity. The main objective of our study was to study in-hospital predictors of mortality in patients with spontaneous ICH managed medically.

Methods This was a single-center prospective study and patients of ICH meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited from March 2019 to December 2020. Demographic data were collected and brain imaging was done. Each patient was observed for outcome with either discharge or death.

Results Total 202 patients of ICH were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 58.46 ± 11.6 years (26–95 years), which included 75.25% males. Most common location of ICH was gangliocapsular (42.08%) followed by thalamus (37.13%). Overall mortality was 35.60% (n = 72). On univariate analysis, predictors of mortality were higher age, low Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, intraventricular extension, volume of hematoma, raised ICH score, leucocytosis, raised creatinine, hypernatremia, and ventilatory support. Need for ventilatory support, raised serum creatinine, and low GCS was found to be independent predictor of mortality on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion Our study showed that about one-third of ICH patient died during in-hospital management. Mechanical ventilation requirement, low GCS, and raised creatinine were found to be independent predictors of mortality in our study.
Role of Conventional Cytogenetics and FISH in the Laboratory Work Up of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
Authors: Dhabe Aaishwarya , Das Samipa , Parihar Mayur
Published: April 2023

Plasma cell dyscrasias are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by abnormal proliferation of plasma cells with or without over production of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Chromosomal abnormalities are acquired either early in the course of the disease or during disease progression. Plasma cell dyscrasias are categorized into multiple cytogenetic subtypes that form an integral component of risk-stratified treatment protocols. The primary genetic events are IgH gene translocations and non-random gains of chromosomes 3/5/7/9/11/15/19 and or 21. The secondary genetic events consist of chromosome 1 abnormalities (1p deletion and 1q gain or amplification), deletion 17p/TP53, deletion 13q, and MYC gene rearrangements. Plasma cells being at the end of differentiation spectrum of B cells, have low proliferative potential precluding the use of karyotyping in identification of chromosomal abnormalities. Analysis of enriched plasma cells using interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is the technique of choice for identifying these abnormalities. It is essential to enrich plasma cells before the FISH analysis, and numerous plasma cell enrichment techniques have been described. In the paper, we review the cytogenetic approach to identify clinically significant genetic aberrations including the effective use of FISH panels and plasma cell enrichment techniques.
Intraoperative Central Diabetes Insipidus during Aneurysmal Clipping Surgery: An Unusual Phenomenon
Authors: Kutum Chayanika , Khurana Priyanka , Singh Karandeep , Ganjoo Pragati , Singh Daljit
Published: April 2023

Central diabetes insipidus (DI) is a known complication associated with pituitary surgeries occurring in postoperative period. However, development of DI following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is rarely reported. We describe here a case of intraoperative DI in a patient undergoing aneurysmal clipping surgery that posed a challenge for both diagnosis and management. Intraoperative development of central DI was attributed to the evolving ischemic injury to the hypothalamus at the time of rebleeding that was not apparent in the preoperative scan. DI resolved postoperatively after 18 hours of medical management. A careful observation of preoperative scans and vigilant monitoring may help in early diagnosis and management of such complication in the perioperative period.
Neurological Considerations with COVID-19 Vaccinations
Authors: Boruah Abhilasha P. , Heydari Kimia , Wapniarski Anne E. , Caldwell Marissa , Thakur Kiran T.
Published: April 2023

The benefits of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination significantly outweigh its risks on a public health scale, and vaccination has been crucial in controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Nonetheless, several reports of adverse events following vaccination have been published.

To summarize reports to date and assess the extent and quality of evidence regarding possible serious adverse neurological events following COVID-19 vaccination, focusing on Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vaccines in the United States (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S).

A review of literature from five major electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) was conducted between December 1, 2020 and June 5, 2022. Articles included in the review were systematic reviews and meta-analysis, cohort studies, retrospective studies, case–control studies, case series, and reports. Editorials, letters, and animal studies were excluded, since these studies did not include quantitative data regarding adverse side effects of vaccination in human subjects.

Of 149 total articles and 97 (65%) were case reports or case series. Three phase 3 trials initially conducted for BNT162b2, MRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S were included in the analysis.

The amount and quality of evidence for possible neurological adverse events in the context of FDA-approved COVID-19 vaccinations is overall low tier. The current body of evidence continues to suggest that COVID-19 vaccinations have a high neurological safety profile; however, the risks and benefits of vaccination must continue to be closely monitored.
Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India Consensus Guidelines on Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Part II (Technical Aspects)
Authors: Samanta Jayanta , Udawat Priyanka , Chowdhary Sudipta Dhar , Gunjan Deepak , Rai Praveer , Bhatia Vikram , Singla Vikas , Mukewar Saurabh , Mehta Nilay , Achanta Chalapathi Rao , Dalal Ankit , Sahu Manoj Kumar , Balekuduru Avinash , Bale Abhijit , Basha Jahangir , Philip Mathew , Rana Surinder , Puri Rajesh , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Dhir Vinay ,   India EUS Club
Published: April 2023

Endoscopic management of bile duct obstruction is a key aspect in gastroenterology practice and has evolved since the first description of biliary cannulation by McCune et al in 1968. Over many decades, the techniques and accessories have been refined, and currently, the first-line management for extrahepatic biliary obstruction is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, even in expert hands, the success rate of ERCP reaches up to 95%. In almost 4 to 16% cases, failure to cannulate the bile duct may necessitate other alternatives such as surgical bypass or, more commonly, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). While surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality, PTBD has a very high reintervention and complication rate (∼80%) and poor quality of life. Almost parallelly, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has come a long way from a mere diagnostic tool to a substantial therapeutic option in various pancreaticobiliary diseases. Biliary drainage using EUS-guidance (EUS-BD) has gained momentum since the first report published by Giovannini et al in 2001. The concept of accessing the bile duct through a different route than the papilla, circumventing the shortcomings of PTBD, and sometimes bypassing the actual obstruction have enthused a lot of interest in this novel strategy. The three key methods of EUS-BD entail transluminal, antegrade, and rendezvous approach. Over the past decade, with growing experience, EUS-BD has been found to be equivalent to ERCP or PTBD for malignant obstruction with better success rates. EUS-BD, however, is not devoid of adverse events and can carry fatal adverse events. However, neither the technique of EUS-BD nor the accessories and stents for EUS-BD have been standardized. Additionally, different countries and regions have different availability of the accessories, making generalizability a difficult task. Thus, technical aspects of this evolving therapy need to be outlined. For these reasons, Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India (SGEI) deemed it appropriate to develop technical consensus statements for performing safe and successful EUS-BD.
The Effects of Dietary Nutrient Intake on Cervical Cancer: A Brief Review
Authors: Nath Suchismita , Nasrin Sultana S. , Samanta Amrita , Nuzhad Anzum , Ghosh Pritha , Manna Atanu , Pradhan Satyasundar , Maity Suresh , Pal Srikanta , Mohapatra P.K. Das , Jana Subhas Chandra
Published: April 2023

Cervical cancer (CC) results from a subsequent process, starting from the infection of normal cervical epithelium with oncogenic human papillomavirus and gradually progressing to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), before finally developing into invasive cervical cancer (ICC). Over recent decades, dietary micronutrients have gained much attention due to their pivotal role in cancer prevention. We reviewed several relevant literature studies to investigate the protective roles of dietary nutrient intake in CC. Dietary intake of vitamin C, green–yellow vegetables, and provitamin A carotenoids that are rich sources of antioxidants may widely inhibit the process of CC development, whereas vitamins A and D might be more helpful in preventing the early events in the disease development. Vitamin E, lycopene, and folate are more effective for the treatment of high-grade CIN. Fruits exert their protective effects in the late stages of the cancer process, thus playing a vital role in ICC prevention. Polyphenols, flavonoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids are more often used in cases of CC in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thus, as a primary prevention strategy, the health benefits of various nutrients in CC must be clarified by vitro and in vivo approaches rather than epidemiological studies.
Treatment Outcome of Burkitt's Lymphoma in Adolescents and Adults: A Retrospective Study
Authors: MT Sugeeth , Narayanan Geetha , TM Anoop , Nair Sreejith G , NP Prakash , KM Jagathnath Krishna , Nair Rekha A
Published: April 2023

Introduction Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) having three distinct subtypes: endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated BL. Sporadic BL accounts for only 1 to 2% of adult NHL.

Objectives The objective of this article was to study the clinical profile and treatment outcome of patients with BL.

Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study of 60 patients with BL conducted in the department of medical oncology at a tertiary cancer center in India during a 10-year period. Patients with BL/leukemia above 14 years of age diagnosed during the study period were included and their clinical presentation, treatment details, and outcome were studied.

Results Among 60 cases with BL, there were 41 males and 19 females. The median age at presentation was 42 years (range: 14–81 years). The main symptoms were lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension. Two patients each had paraparesis, breast lump, and jaw swelling and one patient had involvement of the cervix. Thirteen patients had features of tumor lysis at presentation. The Ann Arbor stage was I in 17, II in 16, III in 5, and IV in 22. Fifty-five patients received combination chemotherapy that included hyper-cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone ± rituximab (hyper-CVAD ± R; 35), cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisolone/ cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone ± rituximab CHOP ± R (13), Berlin-Frankfurt-Munich protocol (4), and others (3). Thirty-four patients attained remission, 13 patients had progressive disease, and 8 patients died during chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 113 months, 58% patients were alive.

Conclusions BL accounts for 1.57% of NHL above the age of 14 years with male preponderance. Intensive, short-duration chemotherapy is the standard treatment. Treatment with hyper-CVAD ± R gives 8-year progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) of 60%. Treatment with CHOP ± R is an alternative option in elderly frail patients with an 8-year OS of 46%.
Prevalence and risk factors for alcohol use disorders, substance use disorders, and depression anxiety and stress among users of sexual health services in Singapore: a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Ng Wen Zhi , Ariffin Khairul , Tay Peter Kay Chai , Prasad Mukul , Tan Calvin , Kwok Chronos , Tan Rayner Kay Jin
Published: April 2023

Syndemics of poor mental health also drive poorer sexual health outcomes. This study used three scales, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) among beneficiaries of sexual health services in Singapore (n = 975), respectively. We found that a prevalence of 20.4% and 18.6% of hazardous and moderate-severe alcohol use disorders and substance use risks, respectively. About 13.7%, 18.1% and 10.5% of participants reported severe to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Further investigation and integrated interventions for mental health in sexual health settings are warranted.
Propagation characteristics of a high-power beam in weakly relativistic-ponderomotive thermal quantum plasma
Authors: Walia Keshav
Published: April 2023

The present work explores the propagation characteristics of high-power beams in weakly relativistic-ponderomotive thermal quantum plasma. A q-Gaussian laser beam is taken in the present investigation. The quasi-optics equation obtained in the present study is solved through a well-established Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation and paraxial theory approach for obtaining the second-order differential equation describing the behavior of beam width of the laser beam. Further, a numerical simulation of this second-order differential equation is carried out for determining the behavior of the beam width with dimensionless distance for established laser–plasma parameters. The comparison of the present study is made with ordinary quantum plasma and classical relativistic plasma cases.
Magnetic-field-controlled spin valve and spin memory based on single-molecule magnets
Authors: Zhang Zhengzhong , Guo Ruya , Bo Rui , Liu Hao
Published: April 2023

A single-molecule magnet is a long-sought-after nanoscale component because it can enable us to miniaturize nonvolatile memory storage devices. The signature of a single-molecule magnet is switching between two bistable magnetic ground states under an external magnetic field. Based on this feature, we theoretically investigate a magnetic-field-controlled reversible resistance change active at low temperatures in a molecular magnetic tunnel junction, which consists of a single-molecule magnet sandwiched between a ferromagnetic electrode and a normal metal electrode. Our numerical results demonstrate that the molecular magnetism orientation can be manipulated by magnetic fields to be parallel/antiparallel to the ferromagnetic electrode magnetization. Moreover, different magnetic configurations can be “read out” based on different resistance states or different spin polarization parameters in the current spectrum, even in the absence of a magnetic field. Such an external magnetic field-controlled resistance state switching effect is similar to that in traditional spin valve devices. The difference between the two systems is that one of the ferromagnetic layers in the original device has been replaced by a magnetic molecule. This proposed scheme provides the possibility of better control of the spin freedom of electrons in molecular electrical devices, with potential applications in future high-density nonvolatile memory devices.
Development of fused metrology methods for the analysis of hip implant tribology
Authors: Pashley Joe , Blunt Liam , Bills Paul , Racasan Radu
Published: April 2023

In order to advance the study of wear phenomena involved in total hip implants a fused metrology system has been designed and constructed. The novel fixture system has been designed and built to facilitate large area surface measurement for hip implant bearing wear. The system allows coordinate measurement machine (CMM) wear map data to be used for precise positional targeting of areal surface metrology using high spatial resolution optical interferometry. The complete measurement process allows Coordinate Measuring Machine measurement and surface metrology datasets to be ‘fused’ thus facilitating carefully positioned wear scar analysis. The fixture utilises two digital rotary stages, in a gimble configuration, to precisely position the bearing component during CMM measurement and surface metrology. To test the effectiveness of the fixture system a cohort of explanted large metal-on-metal (MoM) femoral heads were assessed. Application of the fixture system allowed a set of grouped surface measurements were taken within the wear area, the wear area boundary region, and at unworn locations across the femoral heads. Additionally, a series of stitched surface measurements are taken through the entire wear area and combined into a single surface measurement. The ‘fusion’ method, allowed areas of roughening (or smoothing) to be estimated and overlayed on the corresponding CMM wear map. The developed fixture system allows for better understanding of hip implant performance. Combined with areal surface metrology parameters such as areal average surface roughness Sa, developed surface area ration Sdr and areal surface skewness, Ssk the system could be utilised understand the wear mechanisms for both explanted, in-vitro and in-vivo wear testing and also detailed quality inspection of newly manufactured components. The significance of the system deployment is that wear location and detailed mechanism can be studied simultaneously, thus delivering understanding of typical wear mechanisms and hence the fixture becomes a tool for developing increased implant life through understanding surface interactions.
Effect of additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing process on the surface quality of 18Ni300 maraging steel
Authors: Guo Qixian , Wang Yanshuang , Lin Jianghai
Published: April 2023

The effect of process parameters on the surface quality of 18Ni300 maraging steel formed by selective laser melting (SLM) was investigated. Surface modification of SLM specimens was performed using milling as a subtraction method to investigate the effect of milling process parameters on the surface quality of SLM specimens. Comparing and analyzing the surface quality after additive and subtractive processes, the results show that the increase of laser power during SLM can improve the surface morphology, but there is always a balling effect. The surface quality deteriorates when the scanning speed increases. When the laser power increases or the scanning speed decreases, the microhardness increases and the error decreases. The residual stress does not vary linearly with the change of laser power or scanning speed, and the scanning speed has a greater effect on the residual stress than the laser power. The best surface quality was achieved with a laser power of 180 W and a scanning speed of 300 mm s−1. The laser power and scanning speed did not significantly affect the microstructure of the SLM-formed specimens. In the milling process, an increase in the feed rate will make the surface quality worse, and an increase in the cutting speed will make the surface quality better. The best surface quality was obtained with a cutting speed of 10 m min−1 and a feed rate of 36 mm min−1. The grain refinement effect is weakened when the feed rate is increased, and the grain refinement effect is enhanced when the cutting speed is increased. The surface quality of SLM-formed maraging steel specimens improved somewhat after milling.
Nuclear reactor reconstructed in 3D using muon imaging
Authors: Dumé Isabelle
Published: April 2023

Scientists from France have used muon-imaging techniques to carry out a 3D reconstruction of a nuclear reactor.
UK urged to rejoin Horizon Europe
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: April 2023

The Windsor Framework paves the way for the UK to join the €95bn Horizon Europe programme, but a lack of urgency from the UK government is causing concern, as Michael Allen reports.
Concentrate on this
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: April 2023

James McKenzie believes that “concentrator solar power” could be the answer to our environmental woes.
The first science from the JWST
Authors: Cooper Keith
Published: April 2023

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) was launched just over a year ago, and astronomers have started to unravel the secrets of the universe that this ground-breaking telescope has revealed. Keith Cooper picks out the highlights of the JWST’s initial scientific achievements.
Characterization of positive definite, radial functions on free groups
Authors: Chuah Chian Yeong , Liu Zhenchuan , Mei Tao
Published: April 2023

This article studies the properties of positive definite, radial functions on free groups following the work of Haagerup and Knudby [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 143 (2015), pp. 1477–1489]. We obtain characterizations of radial functions with respect to the

ℓ

2

\ell ^{2}

length on the free groups with infinite generators and the characterization of the positive definite, radial functions with respect to the

ℓ

p

\ell ^{p}

length on the free real line with infinite generators for

0
>
p
≤
2

0 > p \leq 2

. We obtain a Lévy-Khintchine formula for length-radial conditionally negative functions as well.
Minimal entropy conditions for scalar conservation laws with general convex fluxes
Authors: Cao Gaowei , Chen Gui-Qiang
Published: April 2023

We are concerned with the minimal entropy conditions for one-dimensional scalar conservation laws with general convex flux functions. For such scalar conservation laws, we prove that a single entropy-entropy flux pair

(
η
(
u
)
,
q
(
u
)
)

(\eta (u),q(u))

with

η
(
u
)

\eta (u)

of strict convexity is sufficient to single out an entropy solution from a broad class of weak solutions in

L

l
o
c

∞

L^\infty _{\mathrm { loc}}

that satisfy the inequality:

η
(
u

)
t

+
q
(
u

)
x

≤
μ

\eta (u)_t+q(u)_x\leq \mu

in the distributional sense for some non-negative Radon measure

μ
\mu

. Furthermore, we extend this result to the class of weak solutions in

L

l
o
c

p

L^p_{\mathrm {loc}}

, based on the asymptotic behavior of the flux function

f
(
u
)

f(u)

and the entropy function

η
(
u
)

\eta (u)

at infinity. The proofs are based on the equivalence between the entropy solutions of one-dimensional scalar conservation laws and the viscosity solutions of the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equations, as well as the bilinear form and commutator estimates as employed similarly in the theory of compensated compactness.
Anatomical traits related to leaf and branch hydraulic functioning on Amazonian savanna plants
Authors: Simioni Priscila F , Emilio Thaise , Giles André L , Viana de Freitas Gustavo , Silva Oliveira Rafael , Setime Lara , Pierre Vitoria Angela , Pireda Saulo , Vieira da Silva Ivone , Da Cunha Maura
Published: April 2023

Amazonian savannas are isolated patches of open habitats found within the extensive matrix of Amazonian tropical forests. There remains limited evidence on how Amazonian plants from savannas differ in the traits related to drought resistance and water loss control. Previous studies have reported several xeromorphic characteristics of Amazonian savanna plants at the leaf and branch levels that are linked to soil, solar radiation, rainfall and seasonality. How anatomical features relate to plant hydraulic functioning in this ecosystem is less known and instrumental if we want to accurately model transitions in trait states between alternative vegetation in Amazonia. In this context, we combined studies of anatomical and hydraulic traits to understand the structure–function relationships of leaf and wood xylem in plants of Amazonian savannas. We measured 22 leaf, wood and hydraulic traits, including embolism resistance (as P50), Hydraulic Safety Margin (HSM) and isotope-based water use efficiency (WUE), for the seven woody species that account for 75% of the biomass of a typical Amazonian savanna on rocky outcrops in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Few anatomical traits are related to hydraulic traits. Our findings showed wide variation exists among the seven species studied here in resistance to embolism, water use efficiency and structural anatomy, suggesting no unique dominant functional plant strategy to occupy an Amazonian savanna. We found wide variation in resistance to embolism (−1.6 ± 0.1 MPa and −5.0 ± 0.5 MPa) with species that are less efficient in water use (e.g. Kielmeyera rubriflora, Macairea radula, Simarouba versicolor, Parkia cachimboensis and Maprounea guianensis) showing higher stomatal conductance potential, supporting xylem functioning with leaf succulence and/or safer wood anatomical structures and that species that are more efficient in water use (e.g. Norantea guianensis and Alchornea discolor) can exhibit riskier hydraulic strategies. Our results provide a deeper understanding of how branch and leaf structural traits combine to allow for different hydraulic strategies among coexisting plants. In Amazonian savannas, this may mean investing in buffering water loss (e.g. succulence) at leaf level or safer structures (e.g. thicker pit membranes) and architectures (e.g. vessel grouping) in their branch xylem.
The role of hand preference in cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Saari Toni T , Vuoksimaa Eero
Published: April 2023

Handedness has been shown to be associated with genetic variation involving brain development and neuropsychiatric diseases. Whether handedness plays a role in clinical phenotypes of common neurodegenerative diseases has not been extensively studied. This study used the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center database to examine whether self-reported handedness was associated with neuropsychological performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms in cognitively unimpaired individuals (n = 17 670), individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 10 709), behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (n = 1132) or dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 637). Of the sample, 8% were left-handed, and 2% were ambidextrous. There were small differences in the handedness distributions across the cognitively unimpaired, Alzheimer’s disease, behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies groups (7.2–9.5% left-handed and 0.9–2.2% ambidextrous). After adjusting for age, gender and education, we found faster performance in Trail Making Test A in cognitively unimpaired non-right-handers (ambidextrous and left-handed) compared with right-handers. Excluding ambidextrous individuals, the left-handed cognitively unimpaired individuals had faster Trail Making Test A performance and better Number Span Forward performance than right-handers. Overall, handedness had no effects on most neuropsychological tests and none on neuropsychiatric symptoms. Handedness effect on Trail Making Test A in the cognitively unimpaired is likely to stem from test artefacts rather than a robust difference in cognitive performance. In conclusion, handedness does not appear to affect neuropsychological performance or neuropsychiatric symptoms in common neurodegenerative diseases.
Surgical repair of interrupted right-sided cervical aortic arch with hypoplasia of the descending thoracic aorta in a child with PHACE syndrome
Authors: Al Kindi Hamood , Mohsen Abdullah , Zacharias Sunny , Maddali Madan Mohan
Published: April 2023

Obstruction of a right cervical aortic arch in association with hypoplasia of the descending aorta is a rare congenital cardiac malformation. We report the case of a 6-month-old boy with posterior fossa anomalies, hemangioma, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies and eye anomalies (PHACE) syndrome and interruption of a right-sided cervical aortic arch. The descending thoracic aorta in the child had a long hypoplastic segment and the patient also had small ventricular septal defect and pulmonary valve stenosis. The surgical technique of reconstruction of the aortic arch and the descending thoracic aorta through a median sternotomy is described.
Sharp, strong and unique minimizers for low complexity robust recovery
Authors: Fadili Jalal , Nghia Tran T A , Tran Trinh T T
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we show the important roles of sharp minima and strong minima for robust recovery. We also obtain several characterizations of sharp minima for convex regularized optimization problems. Our characterizations are quantitative and verifiable especially for the case of decomposable norm regularized problems including sparsity, group-sparsity and low-rank convex problems. For group-sparsity optimization problems, we show that a unique solution is a strong solution and obtains quantitative characterizations for solution uniqueness.
Impact of childhood malnutrition and intestinal microbiota on MDR infections
Authors: Holowka Thomas , van Duin David , Bartelt Luther A
Published: April 2023

The global burden of infection from MDR organisms (MDROs) disproportionately affects children residing in low- and middle-income countries and those with increased healthcare exposure. These populations have high rates of malnutrition making them increasingly vulnerable to infection with intestinal-derived pathogens. Malnourished children experience increased incidence of intestinal carriage and invasive infection with intestinal-derived MDROs including ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales. However, the relationship between malnutrition and MDRO infection remains to be clearly defined. Impairment in intestinal barrier function and innate and adaptive immunity in malnutrition increases the risk for infection with intestinal-derived pathogens, and there is an increasing appreciation of the role of the intestinal microbiota in this process. Current evidence from human studies and animal models suggests that diet and the intestinal microbiota influence each other to determine nutritional status, with important implications for infectious outcomes. These insights are crucial to developing microbiota-targeted strategies aimed at reversing the growing burden of MDRO infections in malnourished populations worldwide.