bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioassay Essential Oils on Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Amin Sabbour Magda Mahmoud
Published: December 2020

Background: Tribolium confusum and Tribolium castaneum are pests spread inside the stores and homes. These pests infest stored grains and many others seeds in the stores and bakery. These controlled by insecticides. The essential have a promising research results in controlling these pests and decreasing the insect infestations. The natural essential oils have a low effect on the human, non-target insects, and do not pollute the environments. This research is an alternative approach to natural control these two stored product pests. Methods: Four essential oils namely, Lantana camara, Acorus calamus, caraway oil and Ammi majus were estimated on two stored product insects T. confusum and T. castaneum. Encapsulation method by the technology of polymerization was followed. The nano oils at 0.5% were estimated on the 3rd larval instars. Percentages of accumulative mortality were calculated after seven days of the experiments. The effect of nano-oils on oviposition experiments made by spraying two grams of foams of the tested oils and their nano formulations mixed with 100 gram of wheat. Results data obtained detected that, the Percentage of larval mortality increase by increasing the concetrations for both insects T. confusum and T. castaneum. T. confusum tested larvae were more susceptible to the treatments than T. castaneum larvae. Nano A. majus oil showed a stronger effecte than that L. camara or A. calamus oil. Adult emergence percent and fecundity showed a highly decreasing after treatments with nano-oil L. camara, A. calamus, A. majus oils under storage conditions, compared to those of the controls or non-nano-oils. The results suggested that nano A. majus can be used as a valuable tool in pest management programs of T. confusum and T. castaneum Conclusion: The results of this work indicate that some essential oils might be helpful management of pests in the stores because of their fumigant and odor action. Essential oils of plant origin contain active ingredients which are effective against many insects. Nano formulations of essential oils, through controlled release, prevent speed violate and decay and, also increase the stability of the oils. Treated foam, using L. camara, A. majus, caraway, and A. calamus oils gave protectthe wheat seeds from two pests infestations.
Issues of Emotion-Based Multi-Agent System
Authors: THAKUR ARUSHI , SAHU DIVYA RISHI
Published: December 2020

Emotion plays a significant contribution in perceptual processes of psychology and neuroscience research. Gently, area of Artificial Intelligent and Artificial Life in simulation and cognitive processes modeling uses this knowledge of emotions. Psychology and neuroscience researches are increasingly show how emotion plays an important role in cognitive processes. Gradually, this knowledge is being used in Artificial Intelligent and Artificial Life areas in simulation and cognitive processes modeling. Researchers are still not very clear about working of mind to generate emotion. Different people have different emotion at the same time and for same situation. Thus, to generate artificial emotion for agents is very complex task. Each agent and its emotion are autonomous but when we work on multi-agent system. Agents have to cooperate and coordinate with each other. In this paper we are discussing the role of emotions in multi-agent system while decision making, coordinate and cooperate with other agents. Also, we are about to discuss some major issues related to Artificial Emotion (AE) that should be considered when any research is proposed for it. In this paper we are discussing the role of emotions in multi-agent system while decision making, coordinate and cooperate with other agents. Also, we are about to discuss some major issues related to it that should be considered when any research is proposed for Artificial Emotion (AE).
THE ABILITY OF CREATIVE THINGKING IN MATHEMATICS
Authors: Ninawati Mimin
Published: December 2020

In this artcle, i discuss about the ability of creative thinking in mathematics, including (1) what is meant by the ablity of creative thinking in mathematics, (2) why the ability to think creatively in mathematics is important and what is the reason, (3) how the ability of creative thinking in mathematics applied in the process of learning mathematics so that the ability of creative thinking in mathematics can be owned by students, (4) what mathematical material is suitable for generating students’ ability of creative thinking in mathematics. The method used in this article is discourse analysis, from some articles in various national and international journals. The discussion is presented in the form of description based on the data that is written in the articles. Based on the data presented in these articles, that to create and develop the ability of creative thinking in mathematics, teachers should be able to choose and apply appropriate models and media in the process of learning mathematics, learning process with discussion based model and problem solving.
Why should Sex Tourism and Prostitution be Legalized in the Philippines
Authors: Wagan Aguilar Mark Gabriel
Published: December 2020

Several laws linked to Prostitution have been enforced in the Philippines and in countries where it is not permitted over the years, however, evidences show that it has unceasingly developed, in fact, has been coined already as the “oldest profession” and has already become a multi-billion-dollar Industry. As laws in the Philippines continuously fail to solve the problem, this study suggested legalization as a better option to minimize its negative implications, if it does not totally become a solution. Results show that legalizing sex work would cause more positive implications to the society than to criminalize it. Legalization has been determined to decrease incidents of physical and sexual violence against women and cases of Sexual Transmitted Deceases. Criminalization on the other hand has been found to lack of the ability to stop or even slow down the growth of the commercial sex Industry and proven to expose sex workers to physical and sexual assault and harassment not just from their clients but also from law enforcers. In the Philippines where sex work is illegal, financial need was identified as the primary reason why people choose to work as prostitutes, unfortunately, it was discovered that they are treated badly; there are times that they are not being paid, they experience being forced to do things they don’t want to do, and they are harassed by hotel employees and law enforcers. Furthermore, though the Hospitality Industry may not be in support of prostitution, it seems like it is as hotels are used as the primary venue for the service. The Philippine Government if will stick to having sex work as a crime should therefore look into Hotels and conceptualize ways to make sure that people who are checking In are not there for commercial sex.
Establishing True Lifestyle Brand in India: An Integrated Marketing Mix Framework
Authors: Ganesh H.R. , Aithal P. S.
Published: December 2020

Humongous size of Indian retail market, evolution of modern and external brands friendly retailing formats in addition to attracting many Global lifestyle brands has also prompted many Indian exporters, manufactures, conglomerates and entrepreneurs to launch Indian lifestyle brands. It is evident that only a few Indian brands are able to create true lifestyle brand image in their employees, investors, competitors and consumers mind and the trueness level of the majority of Indian lifestyle brands is still a question. Majority of developing and developed Indian lifestyle brands assume that the success of a lifestyle brand is measured basis the revenue or profit they generate and are impatient and unaware of implicit long- term strategical benefits of creating a true lifestyle brand image in consumers mind. It is true that India is one of the countries with consumers belonging to the widest range of Religions, Regions, Languages, Sub-Cultures and Economic backgrounds which makes it very difficult for any lifestyle brand to own a true lifestyle brand image at National level and makes it furthermore important for them to be more careful and efficient in ensuring adaptation of right Marketing Mix. It is observed that the majority of Indian lifestyle brands believe they have adopted the right Marketing Mix and it is yielding the best possible revenue and profit. This belief/assumption always distracts them from working on their existing Marketing Mix and they rather spend most of their time in finding elements which are new or latent in nature to be added to the existing Marketing Mix. In this research work, we have evaluated existing Marketing Mix of few select Indian lifestyle brands across various product categories and consumer target groups to design a new Marketing Mix by just rationalizing and re-prioritizing all the elements and sub elements of basic “4P’s” of McCarthy’s original ‘Marketing Mix’ proposition along with taking clues from Lavidge and Steiner’s original ‘Hierarchy of Effects Model’.
Conceptual Analysis on Higher Education Strategies for Various Tech-Generations
Authors: Aithal P. S. , Aithal Shubhrajyotsna
Published: December 2020

Higher education is finding importance throughout the globe due to two reasons that include challenges to increase Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) towards 100% and the possibility of further HE system innovations due to drastic changes in technology and the creativity of new Tech-generations. In this paper, we made a detailed analysis of the effect of technology on industry and the creation of new tech generations in society. The predictive analysis methodology is used for discussing the effect of technologies on industries and its effects on the creation of new tech generations. Finally, the possible higher education strategies to fulfil the anticipated desires of the tech-generations in society are analysed. Based on the analysis a set of postulates are suggested to integrate technology with the higher education system to develop industry acceptable qualified professionals to serve satisfactorily in so-called Tech-society.
TÜRKİYE’DEKİ PALYATİF BAKIM HİZMETLERİNİN BAZI GELİŞMİŞ ÜLKELER İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: KAVŞUR Zeynep , SEVİMLİ Esra
Published: December 2020

Palyatif bakım Dünya’da yeni bir disiplindir. Yeni bir disiplin olmasına rağmen hızlı bir şekilde kendini sağlık sistemlerine adapte etmiştir. Palyatif bakım hizmetlerindeki ana amaç, hayatı tehdit eden bir hastalığa sahip bireylerde acının dindirilmesi için gerekli olan bütüncül yaklaşımı sağlamaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bazı gelişmiş ülkeler ile Türkiye’nin palyatif bakım hizmet politikaları ve uygulama alanları hakkında bilgi sunmaktır. Çalışma kapsamına Kanada, Danimarka, Almanya, İngiltere, ABD, Japonya ve Türkiye dahil edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, palyatif bakım hizmetleri Kanada, İngiltere, Japonya, Almanya, Danimarka gibi ülkelerde ulusal sağlık sisteminin bir parçasıdır ve finansmanı kamu tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Palyatif bakım bu ülkelerin sağlık sistemlerine iyi entegre edilmiştir. ABD’ye bakıldığında, palyatif bakım ve hospis bakım ayrımı söz konusudur. Medicare programı bazı eyaletlerinde palyatif bakımın bir kısmını ödeme kapsamına almasına karşın; hospis bakımın tamamını bütün eyaletlerinde ödeme kapsamına almaktadır. Palyatif bakımı hastanelerine ilk adapte eden ülke ise İngiltere’dir. Ayrıca çalışmaya alınan ülkelerde palyatif bakım merkezlerinde gönüllülerin de çalıştırılması ve yasal düzenlemelere koyulması dikkat çekmektedir. Dikkat çeken bir diğer husus ise palyatif bakım kullanıcılarının çoğunluğunu kanser hastalarının oluşturmasıdır. Türkiye değerlendirildiğinde, palyatif bakım çalışmaları ve yasal düzenlemeleri daha çok yenidir ve ayrıca ağrı kontrolünün yanında kanser hastalarına odaklanılmaktadır.
TÜRKİYE’DE COVİD-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRESİNCE ALINAN ÖNLEMLERİN KRİZ YÖNETİMİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: GÜNGÖR Berkan
Published: December 2020

Küreselleşen dünyamızda açık birer sistem olan örgütler, çevreye karşı daha duyarlı oldukları için bütün çevresel gelişmelerden az ya da çok etkilenmektedirler. En küçük işletmesinden en güçlü hükümetine kadar bütün örgütler potansiyel krizlere karşı her zaman tetikte olmalıdırlar. Aksi takdirde krizler örgütler için yok olma tehlikesi anlamına bile gelebilmektedir. Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde patlak veren Covid-19 salgını insanlık tarihinin en büyük krizlerinden birisi olmuştur. Bu salgın dünya üzerindeki bütün örgütlere kriz yönetim planlamalarını tekrar gözden geçirmeleri konusunda bir hatırlatma yapmıştır. Nitekim krize karşı yeterli tedbirleri almayan ya da almakta geciken ülkeler krizden oldukça fazla etkilenmişlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türk Hükümeti’nin Covid-19 kriz sürecini nasıl karşıladığını ve krize karşı nasıl bir kriz yönetim planı uyguladığını değerlendirmektir. Bu bağlamda, literatürde kriz yönetimi hakkında yapılmış olan çalışmalar ışığında çeşitli yazarlar tarafından önerilmiş ideal kriz yönetimi ilkeleri ve kriz döneminde sözcülerde bulunması gereken nitelikler belirlenmiştir. Tüm bu bulguların ışığında da salgın sürecinde Türk Hükümeti’nin 11 Temmuz 2020’ye kadar yapmış olduğu eylemler incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Krizin sinyallerini zamanında görebilen ve buna paralel olarak da önlemlerini alabilen Türkiye’de salgın diğer ülkelere nazaran daha kontrollü karşılanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Türk Hükümeti’nin en azından salgının ilk yedi ayında yani kriz anı evresinde gayet başarılı bir kriz yönetimi süreci yürüttüğü sonucuna varılmıştır.
A influência do tratamento medicamentoso na qualidade de vida de diabéticos
Authors: Moreschi Claudete , Foggiato de Siqueira Daiana , Pissaia Luís Felipe , Stein Backes Dirce , Neri Fernández Pombo Carmen , Rempel Claudete
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a adesão de pessoas diabéticas ao tratamento medicamentoso e sua relação com a qualidade de vida. Métodos: Estudo transversal desenvolvido com 350 pessoas com diabetes no município de Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio dos questionários Medida de Adesão ao Tratamento (MAT) e Whoqol-bref, aplicados no domicílio dos participantes durante o ano de 2015. Resultados: A maioria das pessoas com diabetes investigadas toma o antidiabético oral metformina (n=305; 87,1%), seguido de glibenclamida (n=151; 43,1%), e 20,9 % (n=73) fazem uso de insulina. A maioria toma sinvastatina (n=259; 74%), ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) (n=203; 58%), enalapril (n=192; 55%) e hidroclorotiazida (n=180; 52%). Essa população adere positivamente ao tratamento medicamentoso relativo ao controle da doença e a média geral de qualidade de vida é boa (67,6±18,1). A média de qualidade de vida das pessoas que aderem ao tratamento medicamentoso é maior (68,6±15,9) do que as que não aderem (60,9±14,2) (t=3,3162; p= 0,0012). Conclusão: Constatou-se nessa amostra de diabéticos que os que têm melhor adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso relativo ao controle da doença também apresentam uma melhor qualidade de vida quando comparados com o grupo que tem menor adesão aos medicamentos.
The Role of State-Contingent Debt Instruments in Sovereign Debt Restructurings
Authors: Cohen Charles , Abbas S. M. Ali , Anthony Myrvin , Best Tom , Breuer Peter , Miao Hui , Myrvoda Alla , Togo Eriko
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 crisis may lead to a series of costly and inefficient sovereign debt restructurings. Any such restructurings will likely take place during a period of great economic uncertainty, which may lead to protracted negotiations between creditors and debtors over recovery values, and potentially even relapses into default post-restructuring.
State-contingent debt instruments (SCDIs) could play an important role in improving the outcomes of these restructurings.
Nicaragua
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: December 2020

Nicaragua faces an acute crisis as the COVID-19 shock comes on top of a two- year recession. So far, the speed of transmission of the pandemic in Nicaragua, in terms of officially confirmed cases, has been slower than in neighboring countries, but this may understate the true spread of the disease. The pandemic is expected to produce the third year of consecutive recession and lead to large fiscal and external financing needs given the impact of voluntary distancing and regional and global spillovers. The very limited fiscal space, eroded by the ongoing recession and the limited external financing, constrains the authorities’ ability to self-finance the emergency response.
SYSTEMATIC TRAINING OF PROFESSIONAL CIRCUS ARTISTSБ (ACROBATS-VOLTIGERS AND AIR GYMNASTS ON THE CORDE-DE-PÉRIL) IN THE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION OF ART SPHERE
Authors: Orel Dmitriy
Published: December 2020

The article outlines the possibility of a systematic principle of training a circus artist in today's conditions.
The purpose of the study is to systematically review the training of the future professional circus artist − an acrobat and gymnast. The system of humanitarian, artistic, pedagogical, scientific and professional competencies is traced. The specificity and characteristics of the educational process in the circus industry are determined.
The research methodology is based on the desire for an integrated approach to the study of circus culture of related art forms. In addition, empirical, descriptive, and general scientific methods of comparative analysis and synthesis are used. A The scientific novelty consists to identify the characteristic features of specificity and the training of a professional circus artist in genres − acrobatic voltage and air gymnastics on the cord de péril.
The circus culture in the process of evolution is enriched with the modern interaction of the performing arts: from introducing stunt elements from sports acrobatics and gymnastics; contemporary theater, in particular acting and psychophysical training; neoclassical ballet school and popular youth styles in contemporary choreography with the borrowing of modern dance, jazz dance; plastic and facial aspects of the school of contemporary pantomime; circus genres − manual balancing, juggling, as well as the humanities and art cycle of instruction. The uniform load of the professional cycle in combination with the artistic and humanitarian opens up new opportunities in the preparation of a contemporary circus artist with professional skills. The emphasis on the student’s use while learning the great possibilities of modern technologies for independent work is electronic sites, video presentations, master classes, training and practical training, creative events create unlimited opportunities for becoming a professional circus artist in the modern labor market, both in Ukraine and abroad.
Keywords: circus genres, acrobatics, gymnastics, voltige acrobatic, aerial gymnastics on the cord de parel, circus stunt, stage representation, circus number, choreography, pantomime.
ПРИНЦИПИ ПОБУДОВИ АСОЦІАТИВНО-ОБРАЗНИХ КОЛІРНИХ КОМПОЗИЦІЙ
Authors: Gorbatenko Liudmyla
Published: December 2020

У статті розглядаються принципи та закономірності створення асоціативно-образних колірних композицій як окремих творів нефігуративного мистецтва або елементів дизайну інтер'єру, середовища, одягу, сцени. Асоціативно-образні колірні композиції можна назвати музикою кольору, так як вони будуються за аналогічними законами гармонії і відповідності. Як з окремих звуків сплітається мелодія з використанням усього декількох нот, так із основних спектральних кольорів можна створити подібну композицію, не вдаючись до допомоги форми. При цьому дотримується принцип дискретності, який реалізується шляхом нанесення модульної сітки, а також принцип безперервності, оскільки один і той же спектральний колір не переривається в рамках композиції. Спираючись на принцип полярності, в композиції організовуються взаємодії вертикальних і горизонтальних ритмів модульної сітки, а також взаємодії двох різних спектральних кольорів, які розгортаються в певних зустрічних ритмах. Таким чином, один колір є для іншого тлом прояви при постійній зміні світлотності кожного кольору, що викликає закономірний рух кольору в композиції, оскільки світлотність кожного кольору змінюється відповідно до закладеного ритму. Так реалізується принцип ритму, що призводить композицію до єдності й цілісності. Композиційний центр визначається за принципом «золотого перетину» як максимальний контраст за світлотою, за колірним тоном та насиченістю. Для об'ємно-просторового рішення композиції вибудовується зменшення контрасту щодо периферійних областей композиції відповідно до принципу ієрархії. Для гармонізації колірного рішення в композицію вводиться третій спектральний колір, т. зв. домінантний, який об'єднує два протидіючих кольори шляхом додавання його в кожен елемент модульної сітки. У підсумку всі задіяні при побудові композиції принципи працюють на створення асоціативного художнього образу як втілення принципу єдності й цілісності.
Ключові слова: композиція, гармонія, ритм, колір, світлота, насиченість, контраст.
Ілюстрування творів Івана Котляревського сучасними українськими художниками-графіками
Authors: Zaitseva Veronika
Published: December 2020

Особливе місце в українській графіці завжди посідала книжкова графіка. Сучасний процес національного відродження актуалізує дослідження мистецької спадщини українських графіків, які оформлювали твори класиків української літератури. Зокрема актуальним у наш час є дослідження ілюстрування творів Івана Котляревського та характеристика специфіки стилістичних прийомів, засобів художньої виразності видатних українських майстрів книжкової графіки у сучасному художньому трактуванні його літературних образів. Методологія дослідження полягає в застосуванні загальнонаукових методів (аналізу та синтезу, індукції та дедукції, єдності історичного і логічного) та мистецтвознавчих методів (компаративний, типологічний, описовий). Досліджуючи ілюстрації до творів українських літературних класиків, зокрема І. Котляревського, можна зазначити, що в цих роботах засобами художньої виразності відображені водночас історія вітчизняної графіки та історія культурно-історичного поступу України. Малодослідженим матеріалом є приклади художнього оформлення творів І. Котляревського за весь період Незалежності України. Тому надзвичайно плідним об’єктом дослідження є роботи майстрів книжкової графіки в сучасній художній трактовці літературних образів Івана Котляревського. Аналіз досвіду нового осмислення творів Котляревського в незалежній Україні здійснено на основі вивчення робіт сучасних українських художників-ілюстраторів Івана Будза, Сергія Донця, Олени Зеркалій, Людмили Кириленко, Андрія Печенізького, Оксани Тернавської, Віктора Яременка. Літературна спадщина Івана Котляревського й досі хвилює творчу уяву художників, чиї роботи переконливо свідчать про невпинні пошуки відповідних образотворчих втілень, що вводять у сучасний вимір літературне слово поета.
Measurement report: Important contributions of oxygenated compounds to emissions and chemistry of volatile organic compounds in urban air
Authors: Wu Caihong , Wang Chaomin , Wang Sihang , Wang Wenjie , Yuan Bin , Qi Jipeng , Wang Baolin , Wang Hongli , Wang Chen , Song Wei , Wang Xinming , Hu Weiwei , Lou Shengrong , Ye Chenshuo , Peng Yuwen , Wang Zelong , Huangfu Yibo , Xie Yan , Zhu Manni , Zheng Junyu , Wang Xuemei , Jiang Bin , Zhang Zhanyi , Shao Min
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in the tropospheric
atmosphere. In this study, VOCs were measured at an urban site in Guangzhou, one of the megacities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), using a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer/flame ionization detection (GC–MS/FID) and a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS). Diurnal profile analyses show that stronger chemical removal by OH radicals for more reactive hydrocarbons occurs during the daytime, which is used to estimate the daytime average OH radical concentration. In comparison, diurnal profiles of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) indicate evidence of contributions from secondary formation. Detailed source analyses of OVOCs, using a photochemical age-based parameterization method, suggest important contributions from both primary emissions and secondary formation for measured OVOCs. During the campaign, around 1700 ions were detected in PTR-ToF-MS mass spectra, among which there were 462 ions with noticeable concentrations. VOC signals from these ions are quantified based on the sensitivities of available VOC species. OVOC-related ions dominated PTR-ToF-MS mass spectra, with an average contribution of 73 % ± 9 %. Combining measurements from PTR-ToF-MS and GC–MS/FID, OVOCs contribute 57 % ± 10 % to the total concentration of VOCs. Using concurrent measurements of OH reactivity, OVOCs measured by PTR-ToF-MS contribute greatly to the OH reactivity (19 % ± 10 %). In comparison, hydrocarbons account for 21 % ± 11 % of OH reactivity. Adding up the contributions from inorganic gases (48 % ± 15 %), ∼ 11 % (range of 0 %–19 %) of the OH reactivity remains `missing”, which is well within the combined uncertainties between the measured and calculated OH reactivity. Our results demonstrate the important roles of OVOCs in the emission and evolution budget of VOCs in the urban atmosphere.
Analysis of CO2 spatiotemporal variations in China using tower data
and a weather-biosphere-online-coupled model, WRF-VPRM
Authors: Dong Xinyi , Yue Man , Jiang Yujun , Hu Xiao-Ming , Ma Qianli , Pu Jingjiao , Zhou Guangqiang
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Dynamics of CO2 has received considerable attention in the literature, yet significant uncertainties remain within the estimates of contribution from terrestrial flux and the influence of atmospheric mixing. In this study we apply the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (WRF-VPRM) in China to characterize CO2 dynamics with tower data collected at a background site Lin’an (30.30° N, 119.75° E). The online coupled weather-biosphere WRF-VPRM simulations are able to simulate biosphere processes (photosynthetic uptake and ecosystem respiration) and meteorology in one coordinate system. Simulations are conducted for three years (2016–2018) with fine grid resolution (20 km) to detail the spatiotemporal variations of CO2 fluxes and concentrations. This is the first attempt to apply the weather-biosphere model for a multi-year simulation with integrated data from a satellite product, flask samplings, and tower measurements to diagnose the dynamics of CO2 in China. We find that the spatial distribution of CO2 is determined by anthropogenic emissions, while its seasonality (with maximum concentrations in April 15 ppmv higher than minimums in August) is dominated by terrestrial flux and background CO2. Observations and simulations reveal a consistent increasing trend in column-averaged CO2 (XCO2) of 0.6 %/yr resulting from anthropogenic emission growth and biosphere uptake. WRF-VPRM successfully reproduces ground-based measurements of surface CO2 concentration with mean bias of −0.79 ppmv (−0.20 %) and satellite derived XCO2 with mean bias of 0.76 ppmv (0.19 %). The model-simulated seasonality is also consistent with observations, with correlation coefficients of 0.90 and 0.89 for ground-based measurements and Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite data, respectively. However, evaluation against Lin'an tower data reveals uncertainty within the model for simulating the intensity and diurnal variation of terrestrial flux, which contributes to overestimation by ~5.35 ppmv (1.26 %). Lin'an tower observations also reveal a strong correlation (−0.85) between vertical CO2 and temperature gradients, suggesting a significant influence of boundary layer thermal structure on the accumulation and depletion of atmospheric CO2.
Spectrometric measurements of atmospheric propane (C3H8)
Authors: Toon Geoffrey C. , Blavier Jean-Francois L. , Sung Keeyoon , Yu Katelyn
Published: December 2020

Abstract. We report measurements of atmospheric C3H8 from analysis of ground-based, solar absorption spectra from the JPL MkIV interferometer. Using the strong Q-branch absorption feature at 2967 cm−1, we can measure C3H8 in locations where its abundance is enhanced by proximity to sources (e.g., large natural gas fields, mega-cities). A case study of MkIV C3H8 measurements from Ft. Sumner, New Mexico, show large variations that are strongly correlated with ethane (C2H6) amounts and with back-trajectories from SE New Mexico and West Texas, where the Permian Basin oil and natural gas field is located. Measurements from JPL, California, also show large C3H8 enhancements on certain days, but more correlated with CO than C2H6. From MKIV solar occultation measurements from balloon, C3H8 was not detected at any altitude in any flight.
In-Situ observation of New Particle Formation in the upper troposphere/lower
stratosphere of the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone
Authors: Weigel Ralf , Mahnke Christoph , Baumgartner Manuel , Dragoneas Antonis , Vogel Bärbel , Ploeger Felix , Viciani Silvia , D'Amato Francesco , Bucci Silvia , Legras Bernard , Luo Beiping , Borrmann Stephan
Published: December 2020

Abstract. During the monsoon season of the year 2017 the airborne StratoClim mission took place in Kathmandu, Nepal with eight mission flights of the M-55 Geophysica in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS) of the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone (AMA) over northern India, Nepal and Bangladesh. More than hundred events of New Particle Formation (NPF) were observed. In total, more than two hours of flight time were spent under NPF conditions as indicated by the abundant presence of ultrafine aerosols, i.e. with particle diameters dp smaller than 15 nm, which were in-situ detected by means of condensation nuclei counting techniques. Mixing ratios of ultrafine particles (nuf) of up to ~ 50000 mg−1 were measured at heights of 15–16 km (θ ≈ 370 K). NPF was most frequently observed at ~ 12–16 km altitude (θ ≈ 355–380 K) and mainly below the tropopause , but nuf remained elevated (~ 300–2000 mg−1) up to altitudes of ~ 17.5 km (θ ≈ 400 K) while under NPF conditions the fraction (f) of submicrometre-sized non-volatile particle residues (dp > 10 nm) remained below 50 %. At ~ 12–14 km (θ ≈ 355–365 K) the minimum of f (
Local-scale variability of snow density on Arctic sea ice
Authors: King Joshua , Howell Stephen , Brady Mike , Toose Peter , Derksen Chris , Haas Christian , Beckers Justin
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Local-scale variations in snow density and layering on Arctic sea ice were
characterized using a combination of traditional snow pit and SnowMicroPen
(SMP) measurements. In total, 14 sites were evaluated within the Canadian
Arctic Archipelago and Arctic Ocean on both first-year (FYI) and multi-year (MYI)
sea ice. Sites contained multiple snow pits with coincident SMP profiles as
well as unidirectional SMP transects. An existing SMP density model was
recalibrated using manual density cutter measurements (n=186) to identify
best-fit parameters for the observed conditions. Cross-validation of the
revised SMP model showed errors comparable to the expected baseline for
manual density measurements (RMSE = 34 kg m−3 or 10.9 %) and strong
retrieval skill (R2=0.78). The density model was then applied to SMP
transect measurements to characterize variations at spatial scales of up to
100 m. A supervised classification trained on snow pit stratigraphy allowed
separation of the SMP density estimates by layer type. The resulting dataset
contains 58 882 layer-classified estimates of snow density on sea ice
representing 147 m of vertical variation and equivalent to more than 600
individual snow pits. An average bulk density of 310 kg m−3 was
estimated with clear separation between FYI and MYI environments. Lower
densities on MYI (277 kg m−3) corresponded with increased depth hoar
composition (49.2 %), in strong contrast to composition of the thin FYI
snowpack (19.8 %). Spatial auto-correlation analysis showed layered
composition on FYI snowpack to persist over long distances while composition
on MYI rapidly decorrelated at distances less than 16 m. Application of the
SMP profiles to determine propagation bias in radar altimetry showed the
potential errors of 0.5 cm when climatology is used over known snow density.
Marine ice-sheet experiments with the Community Ice Sheet Model
Authors: Leguy Gunter R. , Lipscomb William H. , Asay-Davis Xylar S.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Ice sheet models differ in their numerical treatment of dynamical processes. Simulations of marine-based ice are sensitive to the choice of Stokes flow approximation and basal friction law, and to the treatment of stresses and melt rates near the grounding line. We study the effects of these numerical choices on marine ice-sheet dynamics in the Community Ice SheetModel (CISM). In the framework of the Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project 3d (MISMIP3d), we show that a depth-integrated, higher-order solver gives results similar to a 3D (Blatter-Pattyn) solver. We confirm that using a grounding-line parameterization to approximate stresses in the grounding zone leads to accurate representation of ice sheet flow with a resolution of ∼2 km, as opposed to ∼0.5 km without the parameterization. In the MISMIP+ experimental framework, we compare different treatments of sub-shelf melting near the grounding line. In contrast to recent studies arguing that melting should not be applied in partly grounded cells, it is usually beneficial in CISM simulations to apply some melting in these cells. This suggests that the optimal treatment of melting near the grounding line can depend on ice-sheet geometry, forcing, or model numerics. In both experimental frameworks, ice flow is sensitive to the choice of basal friction law. To study this sensitivity, we evaluate friction laws that vary the connectivity between the basal hydrological system and the ocean near the grounding line. CISM yields accurate results in steady-state and perturbation experiments at a resolution of ∼2 km (arguably 4 km) when the connectivity is low or moderate, and ∼1 km (arguably 2 km) when the connectivity is strong.
The most similar predictor – on selecting measurement locations for wind resource assessment
Authors: Bechmann Andreas , Leon Juan Pablo M. , Olsen Bjarke T. , Hristov Yavor V.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. We present the “most similar” method for selecting optimal measurement positions for wind resource assessment. Wind resource assessment is generally done by extrapolating a measured and long-term corrected wind climate at one location to a prediction location using a micro-scale flow model. If several measurement locations are available, standard industry practice is to make a weighted average of all the possible predictions using inverse-distance weighting. The most similar method challenges this practice. Instead of weighting several predictions, the method only selects the single measurement location evaluated to be most similar. We validate the new approach by comparing against measurements from 185 met masts from 40 wind farm sites and show improvements compared to inverse-distance weighting. Compared to using the closest measurement location, the error of power density predictions is reduced by 13 % using inverse-distance weighting and 34 % using the most similar method.
Highly Standardized Rotational Photography of the Torso
Authors: Teplica David , Schuleman Daniel , Masri Vanston
Published: December 2020

Over the last several decades, medical imaging technologies have proven so anatomically insightful that they have all but taken over management in many clinical situations. MRI, CT, and PET scanning technologies employ stringently controlled rotational data-harvest protocols. By contrast, standardization of visible-light imaging of human anatomy has lagged dramatically. This article is the first to present a rigidly standardized rotational protocol to photographically record human surface anatomy and permit subsequent analysis with less than 2% image variance.
Animating Primary Hemostasis for Medical Student Education
Authors: Lockhart Evelyn , Corrin Michael , James Paula , Lowe Ric , Jenkinson Jodie
Published: December 2020

Physicians have difficulty recognizing and diagnosing disorders of primary hemostasis. The root of this may lie in their education, where students are often taught hemostasis using static graphics. We aimed to create a didactic animation on primary hemostasis for medical students to be used in North American medical schools. To promote widespread use of the animation, we surveyed hemostasis educators from Canada and the US on the animation’s learning objectives. The animation’s script and storyboard were developed using the Animation Processing Model (APM), a psychological processing model that addresses the perceptual limitations of learners. This animation is the first biomedical animation to use the APM in its design. Furthermore, this is the first didactic hemostasis animation which sought peer consensus for its learning objectives.
Determining Complementary and Alternative Therapies Used in Women’s Infertility Treatment
Authors: Güner Emül Tuba , Vefikuluçay Yılmaz Duygu , Buldum Aysu
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: This descriptive study aimed to determine the complementary and alternative therapies used by women for infertility treatment. METHODS: The sample of the study comprised 102 infertile women admitted to the out patient reproductive clinic of a university hospital between November 2017 and May 2018. Data were obtained by using a personal information form prepared by the researchers and consisting of questions that ask for the kinds of complementary and alternative treatments that infertile women have used and by using the “Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approaches Scale.” The data were evaluated by using SPSS for Windows 20.0 package program using number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square test and Student’s t-test. The statistical significance level was accepted as p<.05. RESULTS: It was determined that 59.7% of the women included in the study were between the ages of 31–40 and 38.2% were university graduates. Of the women, 58.8% worked, 69.6% had income equivalent to expenses and 79.4% had a nuclear family structure. In the study, 61.8% of women used complementary or alternative treatments. Of them, 87.3% prayed, 86.2% went to neighbors, 68.6% performed ritual prayers, 45.1% turned to cognitive behavioral approaches. Furthermore, 61.8% of the women consumed honey,56.9% carob,53.9% garlic, and 45.1% omega capsules were used as nutritional treatments. It was found that 33.3% of the women who could not have children naturally used manipulative and energy approaches such as rubbing their wrists with cologne, 16.4% performed cupping, and 11.9% went to bioenergy specialists. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It is very important to know the complementary and alternative treatments used by infertile women wanting to have children. It is very important for nurses to know whether their patients’ use of complementary and alternative therapies and what methods they use, and to prevent the occurrence of side effects in the difficult and long process of treatment. Inline with the results of this research, it is recommended that qualitative studies on complementary and integrated practices be conducted and that midwives and nurses receive training for complementary and integrated practices.
Polarity Principle, Creative Indifference, and the Revolution of Egoism: Salomo Friedlaender's Impact on the Theory of Gestalt Therapy
Authors: Höll Kathleen
Published: December 2020

In this article, the author attempts to answer the following questions: What did Frederick Perls adopt from Salomo Friedlaender's work, and what does that mean for Gestalt therapy? What can Friedlaender's concepts of “polarity principle,” “creative indifference,” and “revolution of egoism” tell us today? Together with Kant's “a priori ego,” which was described by Friedlaender in his second major work, The Magical “I” (2015), those concepts yield important impulses for the complex theory of Gestalt therapy and its practice. In this context, the draft of an overall representation of human existence is presented, which could serve as a holistic background for Gestalt therapy. Finally, Kant's philosophy in combination with Gestalt psychology offers a solid base for understanding human reason. The conclusion includes a review of postmodern varieties of Gestalt therapy.
Reflektere over egen praksis
Authors: Hirsch Asbjørn
Published: December 2020

Om lokalt pedagogisk utviklingsarbeid i barnehage og menighet, og om den nye boka «Aksjonsforskning på mange vis. Forsknings- og utviklingsarbeid i barnehagen» (red. Gotvassli, Cappelen 2019)
Bokmeldinger
Authors: Langkaas Randi , Thomassen Einar
Published: December 2020

Josef Forsling, Caroline Gustavsson og Fredrik Wenell (red): «Man skal vara sig själv» – en bok om ungdommer, tro og delaktighet (2019). Tro & liv skriftserie, Marcus Förlag

Bjørn Are Davidsen. Lurt av læreboken? Feil og forvirring om kristen tro i læremidlene. Oslo: Veritas Forlag 2019.
Fat replacement by pecan nut and oregano oil and their impact on the physicochemical properties and consumer acceptability of frankfurters
Authors: Orozco Daniela , Alarcon-Rojo Alma Delia , Chavez-Mendoza Celia , Luna Lorena , Carrillo-Lopez Luis Manuel , Ronquillo Oswaldo
Published: December 2020

Objective: A study was conducted to determine the physicochemical quality and consumer acceptability of beef frankfurter-type sausages formulated with pecan nut paste and Mexican oregano oil (MO) of two varieties, Poliomintha longiflora Gray (Mexican oregano Poliomintha, MOP) or Lippia berlandieri (Mexican oregano Lippia, MOL).Methods: Frankfurters were processed under six treatment conditions: control (10.67% pork fat), MOP (control + 0.01% MOP), MOL (control + 0.01% MOL), MOP-N (control + 0.01% MOP + 6% pecan nut paste), MOL-N (control + 0.01% MOL + 6% pecan nut paste), and C-N (control + 6% pecan nut paste). The physicochemical properties and the consumer acceptability were determined.Results: The addition of MO and nut did not influence the water holding capacity, drip loss, and luminosity of frankfurters, but those ingredients increased pH and shear force (p<0.05) and decreased redness (p<0.05) of frankfurters. Frankfurters were generally well accepted by consumers. However, general acceptability of sausages decreased with the addition of MO. Control sausages showed the highest acceptability.Conclusion: The MO and pecan nut paste do not affect drastically the quality of frankfurters. These results provide evidence that partial replacement of pork fat by pecan nut in frankfurters maintain a consistent physicochemical quality and its commercialization looks promising given consumers' acceptance.
Nonchemical Weed Control in Winter Oilseed Rape Crop in the Organic Farming System
Authors: Marcinkevičienė Aušra , Keidan Marina , Pupalienė Rita , Velička Rimantas , Kriaučiūnienė Zita , Marija Butkevičienė Lina , Kosteckas Robertas
Published: December 2020

A field experiment was conducted during the 2014–2017 period at Aleksandras Stulginskis University (now—Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy) on a Endocalcaric Endogleyic Luvisol (LV-can.gln) according to the WRB 2014. The three nonchemical weed control methods were explored: (1) thermal (using wet water steam), (2) mechanical (interrow loosening), and (3) self-regulation (smothering). In the thermal and mechanical weed control treatments, winter oilseed rape was grown with an interrow spacing of 48.0 cm and in weed smothering (self-regulation) treatment with an interrow spacing of 12.0 cm. Winter oilseed rape was grown in the soil with a regular humus layer (23–25 cm) and with a thickened humus layer (45–50 cm). Annual weeds predominated in the winter oilseed rape crop. In the soil with both humus layers, regular and thickened, the most efficient weed control method was mechanical weed management both during the autumn (efficacy 26.7–75.1%) and spring (efficacy 37.1–76.7%) growing seasons. Thermal and mechanical weed control in combination with the bio-preparations in droughty years significantly reduced the number of weed seedlings. Dry matter mass of weeds most markedly decreased through the application of the mechanical weed management method.
Applications of Heat Transfer Enhancement Techniques: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Bhattacharyya Suvanjan , K. Vishwakarma Devendra , Roy Sanghati , Biswas Ranjib , Moghimi Ardekani Mohammad
Published: December 2020

The fundamentals of heat transfer and its applications, the classification of heat transfer technology and different heat transfer techniques, and the needs for augmentation and its benefits and the different combinations of two or more inserts and integral roughness elements for heat transfer augmentation purpose have been introduced and discussed in this chapter. It is shown that most of the compound techniques performed better than the individual inserts for heat transfer enhancement. This chapter has also been dedicated to understanding the basic concepts of vortex generators for heat transfer enhancement in plate-fin heat exchangers. The performance of transverse, longitudinal, and wing-type vortex generators has been discussed as well.
Risk-Benefit Events Associated with the Use of Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disorders
Authors: Kumar Dash Deepak , Jain Vishal , Kumar Sahu Anil , Panik Rajnikant , Tripathi Vaibhav
Published: December 2020

Aspirin had been introduced as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory molecule. As further research on aspirin started, other therapeutic effects have been revealed. Now, this molecule has become the polychrest in medical science. Aspirin has served as a drug of choice for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for the last few decades. However, recent trials have raised questions on the use of aspirin for CVD prevention due to some life-threatening adverse drug events. In spite of that, outcomes of trials will surely assist to frame a guideline for anoxic administration regimen of aspirin in order to prevent CVD.
System of Data Transfer from and to Social and Economic Processes via Creative Economy Networks Created Based on Cultural Heritage Administration Processes and Vice Versa
Authors: Stašák Jozef , Mazůrek Jaroslav
Published: December 2020

In general, a functionality and performance of any social or economic process is conditioned by an appropriate information support, while several parts of social and economic process might be involved into macroprocess structure and functionality and quantified via two independent linguistic sets. On one hand, the first linguistic set contains elements, which provide transfer of signals coming from external environment to macroprocesses and are denoted as sensors. On the other hand, the second linguistic set contains elements, which provide transfer of signals from macroprocesses to external environment denoted as effectors. However, a content of the above-mentioned linguistic sets is being transferred microeconomy and creative economy business processes (CE Processes) as well, while appropriate business strategy KPI indicators and parameters for setting of adequate business process metrics items, which could enable fulfillment of business strategy goals and aims, are being generated However, the data transfer from creative economy to macroeconomic process (MAC Processes) is important as well, while the microeconomy business processes (MIC Processes) play a role of go-between elements for both directions of transfer too. On the other hand, the chapter deals with the DTS System structure, functionality description as well as conceptual, design and implementation model too, where appropriate networks play a role of principle importance.