bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Multiuser Detectors and Performance improvement in DS-CDMA system using Multistage Multiuser Detection Techniques
Authors: Jaladanki Ravindrababu , Ede Krishnarao , Yasoda Raja Rao
Published: June 2021

Among the various interferences, the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) is a significant issue in Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) system due to its users. When the number of users is increasing the MAI is likewise increments, subsequently the system performance progressively diminishes particularly in fading environment. In this paper, the system performance is improved by the proposed multistage multiuser detection technique called Multistage Multiuser Differencing Partial Parallel Interference Cancellation (DPPIC). This is the combination of Partial Parallel Interference Cancellation (PPIC) and Differencing Parallel Interference Cancellation (DPIC). Multistage Multiuser Parallel Interference Cancellation (PIC) and Multistage Multiuser PPIC techniques that exist gave improved system performance meaning as the number of stages increases the MAI decreases but at the cost of increased computational complexity. The computational complexity was reduced by utilizing Multistage Difference PIC (DPIC) technique but with no improvement in the performance. To improve the system performance as well as reduce the computational complexity Multistage Multiuser Partial Differencing Parallel Interference Cancellation (PDPIC) method can be used. The simulation results show that the proposed DPPIC technique performs better than PIC, PPIC and PDPIC in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) versus normalized signal amplitude ( i.e., E b / N 0 ), but computational complexity slightly more than PDPIC in fading environment.
Multi-Model Coupling Water Demand Prediction Optimization Method for Megacities Based on Time Series Decomposition
Authors: Liu Xin , Sang Xuefeng , Chang Jiaxuan , Zheng Yang
Published: June 2021

The fluctuation of water supply is affected by the living habits and population mobility, so the daily water supply is significantly non-stationarity, which presents a great challenge to the water demand prediction based on data-driven model. To solve this problem, the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) and wavelet transform (WT) time series decomposition methods, and ensemble learning (EL) were introduced, coupling model bidirectional long short term memory (BLSTM), seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and Gaussian radial basis function neural network (GRBFNN) were developed, and interval prediction was carried out based on student's t-test (T-test). This research method was applied to the daily water demand prediction in Shenzhen and cross-validation was performed. It is found that the decomposed subseries has obvious law, and WT is superior to HP decomposition method. However, the maximum decomposition level (MDL) of WT should not be set too high, otherwise the trend characteristics of subseries will be weakened. The results show that the potential characteristics and quantitative relationships of historical data can be learned accurately based on WT and coupling model. Although the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in 2020 caused a variation in water supply law, this variation is still within the interval prediction. The WT and coupling model satisfactorily predicted water demand and provided the lowest mean square error (0.17%), mean relative error (0.1) and mean absolute error (3.32%) and the highest Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (97.21%) and correlation coefficient (0.99) in testing set.
Morphophysiology and Cryopreservation of Seeds of Dendrobium Nobile Lindl. (Orchidaceae) at Different Stages of Development
Authors: Kolomeitseva Galina L , Nikishina Tatiana V , Babosha Alexander V , Ryabchenko Andrey S , Vysotskaya Olga N
Published: June 2021

We studied the seed maturation of Dendrobium nobile Lindl to establish the optimal stage for green pod culture and long-term storage in liquid nitrogen. It was found that the immature seeds can germinate in vitro starting from 3 months after pollination (MAP) but only develop up to the stage of embryo swelling or protocorm without rhizoids. The maximum staining of embryos with vital dyes FDA and TTC occurs at 4 and 5 MAP that corresponds to the release of suspensor beyond the embryo sac. Embryo staining does not correlate with germination capacity and seed viability in cryogenic storage. The immature seeds acquire resistance to freezing and drying in airflow at the age of 6 MAP. The time of technical maturity for green pod culture and cryopreservation may be reduced from 12 MAP to 6–7 MAP.
An Ensemble Intrusion Detection Model For Internet of Things Network
Authors: Choudhary Sarika , Kesswani Nishtha , Majhi Sudhan
Published: June 2021

The advancements of technology are playing a significant role in protecting the data from intruders. In this paper, a robust network intrusion detection system (IDS) is proposed for Internet of Things (IoT) using deep learning approaches. The type of intrusions we adopted in this work are distributed denial of service (DDoS) and replay attack. Our proposed work is divided into three sections, namely, node deployment, threat detection modelling, and prevention modelling. For detection, ensemble algorithm has been used, i.e., deep neural network (DNN) and support vector machine (SVM). SVM is used to identify the suspected route and DNN is used to identify the suspected node out of suspected routes. The chosen route ensures that it is prevented from attackers by incorporating the throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR). The simulation results are obtained on the basis of accuracy, recall, precision, and F-measure to determine the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The precision, recall, F- measure, and accuracy of correctly identified intruders are 98.12%, 98.04%, 94.88%, and 98.68%, respectively, which is an improvement over the previous studies. The efficacy of the designed model for IoT is compared with the existing approaches.
An Ultrathin Graphite Based Absorber for Wearable Applications
Authors: Avinash  , Gupta Nisha
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a low-cost, flexible, ultrathin absorber comprising a simple square patch-shaped frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed for wearable applications. The FSS based absorbing structure contains periodic graphite patch pattern placed on a thin paper substrate, and backed with a copper foil-based ground plane. The dimension and periodicity of the unit cell are 0.31λo and 0.36λo respectively, while the thickness of the absorber is approximately λo/85, where λo is the wavelength of free space at 10 GHz. The characteristics of the FSS absorber is optimized in terms of unit cell periodicity, and dielectric substrate height using a full-wave high frequency structure simulator software (HFSS). The effects of the parameters are also examined using equivalent circuit approach. The proposed absorber shows insensitivity towards the angle of incidence as well as angle of polarization. Finally, a prototype model is fabricated, measured, and validated with simulation results. A good agreement is depicted between simulated and experimental models. The proposed absorber finds application in the field of wearable electronics, medical, and automotive applications for effective mitigation of the EMI.
Assessment of the Marine Ecotoxic State in the Moroccan Coastal Area Anza-Taghazout following the Installation of Two Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Multibiomarker Study using Mytilus Galloprovincialis
Authors: MOURABIT YOUSSEF EL , Agnaou Mustapha , Alla Aicha Ait , Moukrim Abdellatif
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study is the first to evaluate the ecotoxic state of the marine environment in Anza-Taghazout coasts (Morocco) after installation of two Wastewater Treatment Plants using a natural population of marine bivalves M. galloprovincialis. These coasts are exposed to many discharges generating, thus, different sources of pollutants. These pollutants can modulate the physiological responses of marine bivalves to environmental stress. In this context, a multi-biomarker approach consisting of a battery of biomarkers evaluation was used to assess the response of these species to stress. In the whole soft tissues of M. galloprovincialis, four biomarkers were evaluated: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), Catalase (Cat) and malondialdehyde activity (MDA). In parallel, physico-chemical parameters were measured in the marine water of Anza-Taghazout within three selected sites: S1 considered as ‘hotspot’ located at Anza city; S2 located near of Aourir city and the third site, S3 ‘reference’ located in Imouran beach. Our results showed that activities of both Gluthation-S-Transferase and Catalase were higher in M. galloprovincialis collected from site S1, but high values of Malondialdehyde and Acetylcholinesterase activities were observed successively at S3 and S2. Application of Integrated Biomarker Response index (IBR) was suitable for classifying the stress response in the M. galloprovincialis but did not allow to evaluate the level of the xenobiotic exposure in the studied sites. The statistical results did not show any significant differences between the three studied sites and therefore S1 has recently become clean due to the installation of two wastewater treatment plants.
Base on the Public Scientific Quality Improvement Research on Risk Early Warning of Online Shopping
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Cao Lixia , Wang Tonghui , Feng Xiangchu
Published: June 2021

In order to improve the scientific quality of the public, the Chinese Association for Science and Technology has put forward a call to combine popular science education with leisure and entertainment. In view of the fact that online shopping involves a wide range of areas, and the people pay more attention to it, the paper completed the innovation of online shopping risk warning science knowledge, the design of popular science mechanism and the dissemination of popular science knowledge. The paper used complex network’s knowledge discovery methods and decision theory to design online shopping risk warning science knowledge; Using the complex network public opinion dissemination trust analysis realize the dissemination of popular science knowledge and promote the improvement of the public's quality of popular science. The spread of risk early warning science knowledge in the network shows that the risk early warning mechanism designed can achieve the purpose of improving public science knowledge when the reward and punishment measures are appropriate.
Medicinal Plants in Semi-Natural Grasslands: Impact of Management
Authors: Kose Marika , Melts Indrek , Ohwaki Atsushi , Uchida Kei , Heinsoo Katrin
Published: June 2021

Background: Semi-natural grasslands as valuable ecosystems are significant for their high biodiversity, cultural importance and landscape values. Quantitative information about medicinal plants in semi-natural grasslands facilitates the evaluation of ecosystem services of these plant communities. Methods: Different literature sources and floristic inventory databases were used to assess the ratio and frequency of medicinal plant species in several Estonian grassland types and the impact of management on these values assessed both in Estonian and Japanese case studies. Lists of medicinal plant species according to different definition scenarios is included as Supplementary Material. Principal Component Analysis was applied for environmental preferences of medicinal plant species compared to other vascular plant species in the semi-natural grasslands.Results: The ratio of medicinal plant species in local total plant species list was the largest in alvars, followed by floodplain and wooded meadows. The average number of medicinal plant species per study plot in wooded meadows and alvars was about twice that found in naturally growing broadleaved forest (according to the most detailed MP species list 7.2, 7.8 and 4.3, respectively). Fertilization of Estonian wooded meadows had no significant impact on medicinal plant species ratio, but decreased the proportion of medicinal plant biomass in total yield. Estonian coastal meadows had a short list of medicinal plant species and the impact of management quality depended therefore on adopted definition scenario. In Japanese Miscanthus sinensis grassland case mowing or burning+mowing combination should be preferred to favor medicinal plant species number. Principal Component Analysis revealed that MP species are more drought-tolerant, common and anthropophyte than the rest of studied grassland species.Conclusions: Alternative usage of herbaceous plant species from semi-natural grasslands is a promising option to achieve sustainable development goals and increase public awareness. Further close cooperation of ecologists, economists and pharmacists is required to guarantee fair and sustainable trade of this ecosystem service in the future.
Automatic Detection of Modulation Scheme Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Babu Blessy , Sreeniva Hari V
Published: June 2021

This paper summarizes the intelligent detection of modulation scheme in an incoming signal, build on convolutional neural network (CNN). It describes the creation of training dataset, realization of CNN, testing and validation. The raw modulated signals are converted into 2D and put on to the network for training. The resulting prototype is adopted for detection. The results signify that the intended approach gives better prediction for the identification of modulated signal without need for any selective feature extraction. The system performance on noise is also evaluated and modelled.
In vitro mature embryo culture protocol of einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococum) and bread (Triticumaestivum) wheat under boron stress
Authors: Ağıl Ferdi , Örgeç Mehmet , Karakaş Fatma Pehlivan , Kumar Sandeep Verma , Zencirci Nusret
Published: June 2021

Mature embryos of einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) and bread (Triticum aestivum) wheat were used for callus induction on media containing four (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg L− 1) different doses of 2,4-D and dicamba supplemented with under five (0, 6.2, 12.4, 24.8, and 37.2 mg L− 1) different boron stresses. The obtained callus was transferred to culture media with three (0, 0.5, and 2 mg L− 1) different BAP doses with five boron stresses for regeneration. The heaviest callus weight in einkorn wheat was in culture media with 1 mg L− 1 dicamba and 6.2 mg L− 1 (3.71 ± 0.13 g). Bread wheat had the heaviest callus weight on culture media with 4 mg L− 1 dicamba and 12.4 mg L− 1 (3.46 ± 0.40 g). Callus diameters were observed as the highest in culture media with 1 mg L− 1 and 12.4 mg L− 1 (1.10 ± 0.31) for einkorn and 4 mg L− 1 dicamba with 6.2 mg L− 1 boron (1.22 ± 0.27 cm) for bread wheat. Regeneration capacity was highest in control group with 6.2 mg L− 1 for both wheat genotypes (einkorn, 71.33% ± 11.78 and bread, 65.33% ± 10.80). The highest plantlet numbers were in only 2 mg L− 1 BAP (2.92 ± 0.88) for einkorn wheat and 0.5 mg L− 1 BAP supplemented with 6.2 mg L− 1 boron (3.71 ± 1.12) for bread wheat. This indirect regeneration protocol using mature embryos of einkorn and bread wheat under boron stresses may be useful for wheat breeding studies.
The Method and Results of a Treatment Targeting SARS-CoV-2-Activated Inflammasomes
Authors: Kanwar Badar , Khattak Asif , Lee Chul Joong , Balentine Jenny , Kast R. E. , Oh Sang-Suk , Sergi Consolato , Lee Jong Hoon
Published: June 2021

Background
Clinicians in critical care medicine considered dapsone administration to treat SARS-CoV-2 inflammasome. Dapsone is useful in the molecular regulation of Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3).
Objective
To study the targeting of NLRP3 itself or up-/downstream factors of the NLRP3 inflammasome by dapsone must be responsible for its observed preventive effects, functioning as a competitor.
Methods
This is case series with or without intervention; a cross-sectional study. We set out to use objective criteria of improvement, such as A. a reduction in the FIO2 requirement and B. a decrease in the progression of hypoxia. We treated the patients with standard COVID-19 ARDS treatment with dapsone 100 mg to target NLRP3 inflammasomes.
Results
The 22 cases were treated with standard COVID-19 therapy with dapsone (trial group), and the 22 cases were the control group. The comparison was made assuming that only decreased FIO2 was influential in the trial and control groups, which applied to only the ARDS onset stage. The chi-square statistic is 5.1836. The p-value is .02280. Fisher’s exact test statistic value is 0.0433. (The result is significant at p < .05) Furthermore, the ARDS-onset mortality rates were 0% (with dapsone) and 40% (without dapsone).
Conclusion
There was a significant difference in dapsone treatment results in the ARDS-onset group. We confirmed that dapsone clinically treated the onset of ARDS by targeting SARS-CoV-2-activated inflammasomes. Like chemically reacting substances, inflammasome and dapsone are competing, proving that it is only effective in treating early ARDS.
Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: gan chengwen , wang yannan , tang yan , wang kai , sun bingcan , wang mengxue , Zhu Feiya
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Surgical site infection (SSI) frequently occurs in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) after tumor resection and can lead to death in severe cases. Moreover, there is no definitive conclusion about the risk factors of SSI. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to study the factors affecting the SSI.
Methods
The HNC patients included in this study were all from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (CSU), and these patients received surgical treatment in the department from January 2018 to December 2019. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was applied to determine the risk factors of SSI. To identify the key risk factors of SSI, the caret package was used to construct three different machine learning models to investigate important features involving 26 SSI-related risk factors.
Results
Participants were 632 HNC patients who underwent surgery in our department from January 2018 to December 2019. During the postoperative period, 82 patients suffered from SSI and surgical site infection rate (SSIR) was about 12.97%. Diabetes mellitus, tumor site (floor of mouth) and flap failure were consistently ranked the top three in the 26 SSI-related risk factors. In addition, SSI can increase postoperative hospital stays and flap failure rate.
Conclusion
Diabetes mellitus, tumor site (floor of mouth), flap failure, preoperative radiotherapy, neck dissection (bilateral) are risk factors for SSI of HNC.
Promoter Variations Strongly Enhance the Transcription Level of the BoLMI1 Gene, Causing Lobed Leaves in Ornamental Kale (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Acephala)
Authors: Zhang Bin , Chen Wendi , Li Xing , Ren Wenjing , Chen Li , Han Fengqing , Fang Zhiyuan , Yang Limei , Zhuang Mu , Lv Honghao , Wang Yong , Zhang Yangyong
Published: June 2021

Background: Leaf shape is an important agronomic trait in ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala). Although some leaf shape-related genes have been reported in ornamental kale, the detailed mechanism underlying leaf shape formation is still unclear. Here, we report a lobed-leaf trait in ornamental kale, aiming to analyze its inheritance and identify the strong candidate gene.Results: Genetic analysis of F2 and BC1 populations demonstrate that the lobed-leaf trait in ornamental kale is controlled by a single dominant gene, termed BoLl-1. By performing whole-genome resequencing and linkage analyses, the BoLl-1 gene was finely mapped to a 127-kb interval on chromosome C09 flanked by SNP markers SL4 and SL6, with genetic distances of 0.6 cM and 0.6 cM, respectively. Based on annotations of the genes within this interval, Bo9g181710, an orthologous gene of LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY 1 (LMI1) in Arabidopsis, was predicted as the candidate for BoLl-1, and was renamed BoLMI1. The expression level of BoLMI1 in lobed-leaf parent 18Q2513 was significantly higher compared with unlobed-leaf parent 18Q2515. Sequence analysis of the parental alleles revealed no sequence variations in the coding sequence of BoLMI1, whereas a 1737-bp deletion, a 92-bp insertion and an SNP were identified within the BoLMI1 promoter region of parent 18Q2513. Verification analyses with BoLMI1-specific markers corresponding to the promoter variations revealed that the variations were present only in the lobed-leaf ornamental kale inbred lines.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that promoter variations strongly enhance the transcription level of BoLMI1 and cause the leaf shape change from unlobed to lobed, providing new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying leaf shape formation in ornamental kale.
Optimized Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks Through Metaheuristic Firefly Based Cluster Head Selection Algorithm
Authors: Chintam Anusha , T.v Madhusudhana Rao , G Rajendra Kumar
Published: June 2021

A wireless sensor network is a type of wireless ad-hoc networks, which is a collection of individual sensor nodes that are battery-operated devices and connected through ad-hoc and self-configuring connectivity. Therefore, the energy-saving of sensor node is a challenging design issue. Hence, the lifetime of a node is decreased. To enhance the network lifetime and optimal energy consumption, clustering is one of the best methods in WSN. While message transmission there is more distance between the cluster head and base station then more energy drained by the cluster head compare to the remaining sensor nodes in a particular cluster and if the energy consumption is more then automatically the network lifetime decreased. Therefore, this paper proposed an optimal metaheuristic firefly based cluster head selection protocol (FCH) by finding fitness value for selecting the best cluster head. This best-elected cluster head drains less energy as well as increase the network lifetime. In addition to the proposed FCH compared with two basic sensor networks algorithms low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) and Data transmission (DT). The FCH algorithm achieved better results than compared algorithms in terms of dead nodes, remaining energy, and alive nodes of the network.
Psychological Distress Prior to Surgery Is Related to Symptom Burden and Health Status in Lung Cancer Survivors.
Authors: Linares-Moya Marta , Rodríguez-Torres Janet , Heredia-Ciuró Alejandro , Granados-Santiago María , López-López Laura , Quero-Valenzuela Florencio , Valenza Marie Carmen
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Patients with lung cancer experience a variety of distressing symptoms which could adversely quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine whether psychological distress prior to surgery is associated with health status and symptom burden in lung cancer survivors.
Methods
A longitudinal observational study with one-year follow‐up was carried out. Health status was measured by the WHO Disability Assessment Scale (WHO-DAS 2.0), the Euroqol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Symptoms severity included dyspnoea (Multidimensional Profile of Dyspnoea); pain (Brief Pain Inventory); fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale) and cough (Leicester Cough Questionnaire).
Results
174 lung cancer patients were included. Patients in the group with psychological distress presented a worse self-perceived health status, functionality and sleep quality. The group with psychological distress also presented higher dyspnea, fatigue and pain.
Conclusion
Patients with psychological distress prior surgery present a greater symptom burden and a poorer self-perceived health status, lower functionality and sleep quality, than patients without distress one year after the lung resection.
Simulation Modeling for Evaluation of the Patients’ Queue System Performance at Emergency Department
Authors: Bahari Arman , Asadi Farzaneh , Moody Behnoosh
Published: June 2021

Background: The aim of this article is to develop a metamodel using a simulation-based approach to analyze the performance of the Patients’ Queue system of the emergency department. Methods: In this study, the variables affecting on resource efficiency were identified and analyzed using inferential statistics and then one-way ANOVA to estimate the effects of effective factors. Furthermore, the ED performance was simulated using Visual Paradigm software. Then, the results obtained from the implementation of the simulation model were considered as the input of the experimental design. Results: The findings indicate that the non-linear regression model could predict the length of the queue. Also, this model, according to acceptable parameters, can be used to predict the dependent variable. Conclusion: Therefore, the minimum value of queue length based on the developed model is obtained when the minimum length of the queue is obtained when the number of ED secretaries is at a high level and the number of paramedics and nurses is at a low level.
New Support Roller Profile Design for Railway Wheel Re-profiling Process by Under-floor Lathes With a Single Cutting Tool
Authors: Corral Eduardo , Meneses Jesús , García M.J. Gómez , Castejón Cristina , García-Prada Juan Carlos
Published: June 2021

The wheel re-profiling is an important part of railway wheelset maintenance. Researchers and railway operators have been very concerned about how to minimize the loss of time during wheel re-profiling without decreasing safety. Avoiding wheelset disassembly means considerable time savings, while reducing wheel damage during operation. Underfloor wheel lathes are the most appropriate tool to achieve this double objective, and therefore the most used nowadays.Multi-cut tool lathes have the disadvantage of being extremely expensive. On the other hand, with single tool lathes, re-profiling is not smooth or safe enough when current convex profile support rollers are used.In this article, a methodology to optimize the profile of the support rollers used in underfloor single tool lathes for railway wheel re-profiling is proposed. This novel profile design will minimize damage and increase the safety of such lathes, since it proposes a greater smoothness in the process. Simulations of re-profiling process have been carried out by the finite element method showing that the designed roller profile reduces drastically the impact/damage during the operation. Profile-optimized support rollers have been used in a real underfloor wheel lathe, showing good results.
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbine Gearbox based on Refined Generalized Multi-scale State Joint Entropy and RSFS Feature Selection
Authors: Dong Wei , zhang shuqing , Hu Mengfei , Zhang Liguo , Liu Haitao
Published: June 2021

The fault diagnosis of gearbox and bearing in wind turbine is crucial to improve service life and reduce maintenance cost. This paper proposes a novel fault diagnosis method based on refined generalized composite multi-scale state joint entropy (RGCMSJE), robust spectral learning framework for unsupervised feature selection (RSFS) and extreme learning machine (ELM) to identify the different health conditions of gearboxes, including feature extraction, feature reduction and pattern recognition. In this method, MAED is firstly adopted to assist RGCMSJE in parameter selection. Second, RGCMSJE is utilized to extract the multi-scale features of gearbox vibration signal and construct high-dimension feature set. Thirdly, RSFS method is used to reduce the dimension of high-dimensional RGCMSJE feature set. In the end, the obtained low-dimensional features are input to the ELM classifier to realize fault pattern recognition. Through two gearbox fault diagnosis experiments, the effectiveness of the fault diagnosis method is verified. The analysis results show that this method can effectively and accurately identify different fault types of wind turbine gearbox.
Silicon Supplied via Root or Leaf Relieves Potassium Deficiency Effects in Common Bean
Authors: Sarah Marcilene Machado dos Santos , Prado Renato de Mello , Júnior Jonas Pereira de Souza , Teixeira Gelza Carliane Marques , Duarte João Carlos dos Santos , de Medeiros Robson Luis Silva
Published: June 2021

Potassium (K) deficiency affects physiological performance and decreasing vegetative growth in common bean plants. However, silicon (Si) supplied via nutrient solution or foliar application may relieve nutritional stress. Thus, two experiments were carried out: initially, a test was performed to determine the best source and concentration of leaf-applied Si. Subsequently, the chosen Si source was applied via nutrient solution or via leaf to verify if it is efficient in alleviating the effects caused by K deficiency. To that end, a completely randomized 2 x 3 factorial design was used, with two levels of K: deficient (0.2 mmol L− 1 of K) and sufficient (6 mmol L− 1 of K); and Si: via nutrient solution (2 mmol L− 1 of Si) or foliar spray (5.4 mmol L− 1 of Si) and control (0 mmol L− 1 of Si). In the first experiment, foliar spraying with sodium silicate and stabilized potassium at a concentration of 5.4 mmol L− 1 was better in favoring the physiology of bean plants. In the second experiment, K deficiency without the addition of Si compromised the plant's growth. Si applied through nutrient solution or foliar spray relieved K deficiency stress, increasing chlorophylls and carotenoids content, photosynthetic activity, water use efficiency and vegetative growth.
Evolution of the Fetal Heart Rate Patterns in Cerebral Palsy Associated With Umbilical Cord Troubles: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi , Nakao Masahiro , Ikeda Tomoaki , Toyokawa Satoshi , Jojima Emi , Satoh Shoji , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Tamiya Nanako , Nakai Akihito , Fujimori Keiya , Maeda Tsugio , Takeda Satoru , Suzuki Hideaki , Ueda Shigeru , Iwashita Mitsutoshi , Ikenoue Tsuyomu
Published: June 2021

Background

The aim of the present study was to clarify the evolution of the fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns in infants with cerebral palsy (CP) according to each type of umbilical cord trouble.
Methods

A case-control study was attempted in the subjects born from 2009 to 2014 and those with a birth weight of > 2000 g, gestational age of > 33 weeks, and disability due to CP, CP associated with (126 cases) and without (594 controls) umbilical cord troubles were compared.
Results

Therty-two were umbilical cord prolapse and 94 were other umbilical cord troubles coexisting antenatally. Abnormal FHR patterns had already been identified on admission in 13% of cases with umbilical cord prolapse and 40% of cases with cord trouble coexisting antenatally. A persistent non-reassuring pattern was significantly frequent in cases with cord trouble coexisting antenatally (p = 0.012) and less frequent in cases with umbilical cord prolapse (p = 0.003). Reactive-PD was significantly identified in 69% of the cases with umbilical cord prolapse and 35% of the cases with cord trouble coexisting antenatally, especially in the first stage of labor (p < 0.001).
Conclusion

Persistent non-reassuring patterns on admission and reactive-PD pattern during the 1st stage of labor were characterized in infants with CP related to umbilical cord troubles coexisting antenatally.
Deciphering the Multi-Dimensional Abilities of Indigenous Bacteria Enterobacter Cloacae Isolated from Arsenic Contaminated Industrial Sites
Authors: Bhati Reeta , Sreedha Smitha Mony , Singh Rajni
Published: June 2021

Arsenic (As) is a quintessential toxic metalloid and it has been classified as Group 1 human carcinogen. The evolution of arsenic defense mechanisms due to the omnipresent nature of arsenic has resulted in its alteration to less toxic forms. The present study deals with the isolation of arsenic remediating microbial strains from soil samples and their integration into bioremediation strategy. From the metal contaminated site, 118 different bacterial strains were isolated from heavy metal contaminated site. Twenty-five strains were tolerant to arsenic and one bacterial strain Enterobacter cloacae (RSC3) demonstrated maximum growth at high concentration of arsenate (6000ppm). The cell growth kinetics of RSC3revealed the specific growth rate (µ) to be 0.55 h-1. The The bacteria hosts arsC gene in the genome involved in the reduction of arsenate to arsenite. AAS, SEM, TEM and EDX studies confirmed the arsenate transportation and efflux of arsenic by the bacteria. Furthermore, the strain showed multi-resistance to other heavy metals like zinc, cadmium, selenium and nickel and several antibiotics indicating its application for facilitating bioremediation of toxic metal contaminated sites.
Liver Function Tests in Mine Workers Exposed to Lead: An Occupational Cohort Study
Authors: Firoozichahak Ali , Rahimnejad Samira , Rahmani Abdolrasoul , Parvizimehr Ali , Aghaei Abbas , Rahimpoor Razzagh
Published: June 2021

Background: Operational processes in lead mines cause workers to be occupationally exposed to lead particles, chronic exposure to lead can results innumerous health effects.Method: To know the effects of chronic lead exposure on liver function, the blood lead levels (BLL) and liver function tests of lead miners for 3- years (2017-2019) were followed and the obtained results were compared with those attained in the non-exposed group.Results: The BLL levels of the lead-mine workers were higher than with recommended level and the non-exposed group (24.15 and 6.35 µg dL-1, respectively, p<0.001). The findings indicated a positive and significant relationship between BLL and lactate dehydrogenase (r: 0.942, p<0.001), aspartate transaminase (r: 0.869, p<0.001), alkaline phosphatase (r: 0.9679, p<0.005), alanine transaminase (r: 0.9779, p<0.001), and bilirubin (r: 0.9169, p<0.001) levels, while we found a negative and significant correlation between BLL and triglyceride (r: -0.929, p<0.05), total protein (r: -0.896, p<0.001), albumin (r: -0.941, p<0.0021), and globulin (r: -0.863, p<0.001) levels. Moreover, no significant relationship was found between BLL and cholesterol, LDL, LDH, and BUN levels (p>0.05).Conclusions: This report showed that the chronic lead exposure is a major occupational hazard in lead mine workers. Despite the fact that the level of liver function parameters was in the normal range, the results of 3- years follow-up show a significant relationship between BLL and alteration of liver function parameters levels of lead miners. The study can be helpful in raising awareness of alteration in liver functions due to occupational exposure to lead.
The Effect of Coronavirus 2019 Disease Control Measures on the Incidence of Respiratory Infectious Disease and Air Pollutant Concentrations in Yangtze River Delta Region, China
Authors: Wang Lan , Wang Kehan , Zhong Hui , Zhao Na , Yang Yunmei , He Yiran , Liu Shelan , Xu Wangli
Published: June 2021

To investigate the changes of the respiratory infectious diseases (RID) and air quality during the COVID-19 outbreak over Yangtze River Delta Region, China. We investigate the impact of COVID-19 control measures on changes of RID and air quality by constructing two proportional test and fitting ARIMA and piecewise regression models. A total of 81,345 and 1,048,511 cases of RID were identified in Shanghai and Zhejiang Province, respectively. The incidence of seven RID and influenza decreased by 37.80% and 49.57% in 2020 in Shanghai and decreased by 20.39% and 43.40% in Zhejiang Province, respectively. The monthly concentrations of overall air pollutants decreased by 12.7% and 12.85% in 2020 Shanghai and Zhejiang compared to the 2017–2019 period; the most rapid decrease was observed in SO2 concentrations (32.39% and 33.37% in Shanghai Province and Zhejiang Province, respectively). A moderate correlation was seen between influenza incidence and monthly SO2 concentrations in Shanghai (r = 0.59). A 10 μg/m3 decrease of SO2 was significantly associated with the reduction of influenza incidence(2907.76 per 100,000). This study provided the additional evidences that the measures taken for COVID-19 were effective in improving the air quality and reducing spread of other common respiratory diseases, but direct causality is not established.
Detecting Nonclassicality and Non-gaussianity by the Wigner Function and Quantum Teleportation in Photon-added-and-subtracted Two Modes Pair Coherent State
Authors: Truong Minh Duc , Ho Chuong Sy , Tran Dat Quang
Published: June 2021

We introduce a new state called photon-added-and-subtracted two modes pair coherent state (PAASTMPCS) by simultaneously adding and subtracting photons to the different modes of a pair coherent state. Its nonclassical and non-Gaussian properties are strengthened via the negative values of its Wigner function as the numbers of adding and subtracting photons are increased. It indicates that the PAASTMPCS is an entangled state. When increasing the numbers of photon-added and photon-subtracted to a pair coherent state, the degree of entanglement in the PAASTMPCS is enhanced compared with the original pair coherent state. By using a PAASTMPCS as a non-Gaussian entangled resource, the quantum teleportation processes are studied in detail. It is shown that the number sum and phase difference measurements protocol is more appropriate than the orthogonal quadrature components measurements protocol in the quantum teleportation process of a coherent state.
The Impact of Physicochemical Parameter In Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Wastes
Authors: Zobeashia Stella Suanu Leh-Togi , Abioye Peter Olabisi , Ijah Udeme Joshua Josiah , Oyewole Oluwafemi Adebayo
Published: June 2021

The demand for an alternative source of energy, the challenge of increase in waste and pollution initiates the need for renewable energy and management of waste using anaerobic digestion (AD). AD is an effective and efficient method of waste treatment and energy generation. Certain operational parameters influence the anaerobic degradation of waste to energy. The impact of physicochemical parameters in anaerobic digestion was conducted using chicken wastes and food wastes as organic substrate under semi-continuous conditions at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of forty-two (42) days in a fifteen (15) litre fabricated digesters labeled D1, D2 and D3 at mesophilic temperature. The pH, volatile solid, percentage moisture, total ammonia, total solid, volatile fatty acid, alkalinity was assessed. The results indicated a pH value of 6.65 ± 0.12, 7.27 ± 0.13, 6.43 ± 0.27, volatile fatty acid of 72.17 ± 1.42, 58.35 ± 2.58, 40.56 ± 0.38, and moisture content of 98.9 ± 2.65, 92.3 ± 1.81, 96.4 ± 3.60 for D1 (Chicken waste and food wastes), D2 (Chicken wastes+), D3 (control) respectively. A collective biogas yield of 686±17.00 kpa for D1, 700±11.00kpa for D2 and 521±21.00 kpa for D3 were recorded. The characterization of biogas analyzed with non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas analyzer (gas board 3100p) revealed a percentage methane content of 46.11±1.11%, 52.4±1.05 %, 50.31±1.33 % for D1, D2 and D3 respectively The study shows that physicochemical properties are useful tools to indicate digester failure/stability and also to enhance anaerobic digestion process.
What Is the Cost of Reducing Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With GDM: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Oleszczuk-Modzelewska Luiza , Malinowska-Polubiec Aneta , Romejko-Wolniewicz Ewa , Zawiejska Agnieszka , Czajkowski Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a frequent complication of pregnancy, affecting the health of mothers and their offspring. The new diagnostic strategy for GDM, proposed by IADPSG in 2010 and WHO in 2013, raised hope for a reduction in perinatal complications. The purpose of the study was to evaluate factors influencing obstetric results in a group of women diagnosed with diabetes, regardless of the adopted diagnostic criteria, compared to a group of pregnant women in whom GDM was excluded.
Methods

It was a retrospective study based on the analysis of births given after 37 weeks of pregnancy at the 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Warsaw Medical University during the period from 2013 to 2015. All pregnant women had a 75g OGTT between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy. The study compared risk factors for obstetric complications for patients with gestational diabetes to a group of women without GDM. The impact was analysed of the aforementioned factors on maternal and paediatric obstetric outcomes.
Results

The parameters significantly influencing the risk of composite adverse maternal outcomes were the circumference of the pregnant woman’s abdomen [OR: 1.08 (1.04; 1.11)] and multiparity, which reduced the risk of this complication by almost half [OR: 0.47 (0.30; 0.75). The size of the maternal abdominal circumference before delivery was a strong factor correlating with the occurrence of perinatal complications in both the mother and the foetus in the entire examined cohort. A circumference over 100 cm increased the risk of at least one pregnancy complication (increased blood loss, soft tissue injuries, pre-eclampsia) by almost 40% (OR 1.38, p < 0.001).
Conclusions

Apart from normalization of glycaemia, stabilization of the percentage of adipose tissue and non-glycaemic obstetric risk factors may be necessary to obtain further improvement in obstetric outcomes in this pregnant population.
Light Rail Transit System Energy Flow Analysis for the Case of Addis Ababa City: For the Application of Regenerative Energy and Energy Storage
Authors: Kebede Asegid , Worku Getachew Biru
Published: June 2021

Significant amounts of energy can be saved by installing energy storage on an electrified transit system allowing energy from braking to be captured. The amount of energy saved is dependent on the amount of energy transferred during braking which relies on the drive cycle and the vehicle parameters. Additional energy is saved through a lower overall energy requirement of train, which results in a reduction in traction supply losses. The overall benefit can be determined by analyzing the energy flow through components in an electrified transit system and hence determining the change in energy dissipations when energy storage is installed. In this paper, electrified transit system energy flows are analyzed for the implementation of energy storage system on board on Addis Ababa light rail transit. The methodology used assesses energy flows in the traction system, establishing where energy is dissipated. The analysis is performed for a specified drive cycle. Finally, the analysis showed that 36 % of traction energy could be saved through the implementation of energy storage on the Addis Ababa light rail transit.
Nonreciprocal and Directional Wave Propagation in a Two-Dimensional Lattice With Bilinear Properties
Authors: Lu Zhaocheng , Norris Andrew
Published: June 2021

A passive method of realizing nonreciprocal wave propagation in a two-dimensional (2D) lattice is proposed, using bilinear springs combined with the necessary spatial asymmetry to provide a stable and strong departure from reciprocity. The bilinear property is unique among nonlinear mechanisms in that it is independent of amplitude but sensitive to the sign of the wave motion; the 2D setup allows the flexibility of generating spatial asymmetry at both small and large scales. The starting point is a linear 2D monatomic spring-mass lattice with strong directionally dependent wave propagation. The source and receiver are aligned so that there is virtually no direct wave transmission between them. Adding a region of bilinearity combined with spatial asymmetry that is not in the direct path between the source and receiver causes signal transmission via nonreciprocal scattering. A variety of spatially asymmetric bilinear configurations are considered, ranging from compact modulations confined within the unit cell to extended ones over the whole section, to obtain different dynamic nonreciprocal effects. Simulations illustrate how the combination of bilinearity and spatial asymmetry ensures a passive amplitude-independent nonreciprocal 2D system for a variety of different excitations.
Genome Wide Association Analysis of Acid Detergent Fiber Content of 206 Forage Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) Accessions
Authors: Niu Hao , Han Yuanhuai , ping junai , Wang Yubin , Lv Xin , Chu Jianqiang
Published: June 2021

Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an annual gramineous forage, which is a high-quality C4 crop. It is widely planted with Forage Maize in the world, especially in the developed countries of animal husbandry. Many of its important physiological characteristics vary with germplasm and growth environment. Acid detergent fiber is a kind of carbohydrate insoluble in acid detergent in plant material or feed containing plant material, including pure cellulose and acid cellulose. Acid detergent fiber widely exists in the stem and leaf tissues of forage sorghum, which is the main substance affecting the digestibility of livestock. It has a very important impact on the milk yield and quality of cows, dairy sheeps and pigs. In order to further understand its genetic mechanism, we re-sequenced 206 Forage Sorghum Germplasms from different regions of the world and identified 14,570,430 SNPs and 1,967,033 indels. Based on SNP markers, we analyzed the population genetic structure and identified the gene loci related to acid detergent fiber content by genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). Genetic relationship between materials showed that Asian and American sorghum varieties, breeding lines and improved varieties were more diverse, while European varieties were relatively more closely related. These findings provide new clues and directions for further study. Eight QTLs harboring 91 genes were found to be associated with acid detergent fiber content. These genes were significantly enriched into 6 major genes involved in cell membrane material transport or enzymes, showing a regional distribution. This finding provides a basis for us to understand the origin and spread of haplotypes related to acid detergent fiber content, which would accelerate the study of genetic gain of acid detergent fiber content, and help breeders improve feed quality and stress tolerance of forage sorghum.