bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genomic history of the indigenous people of the Canary Islands
Authors: Serrano Javier G. , Ordóñez Alejandra C. , Santana Jonathan , Sánchez-Cañadillas Elías , Arnay Matilde , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Amelia , Morales Jacob , Velasco-Vázquez Javier , Alberto-Barroso Verónica , Delgado-Darias Teresa , de Mercadal M. Carmen Cruz , Hernández Juan Carlos , Moreno-Benítez Marco A. , Pais Jorge , Ringbauer Harald , Sikora Martin , McColl Hugh , Pino-Yanes Maria , Ferrer Mariano Hernández , Bustamante Carlos D. , Fregel Rosa
Published: August 2023

The indigenous population of the Canary Islands, which colonized the archipelago around the 3rd century CE, provides both a window into the past of North Africa and a unique model to explore the effects of insularity. We generate genome-wide data from 40 individuals from the seven islands, dated between the 3rd–16rd centuries CE. Along with components already present in Moroccan Neolithic populations, the Canarian natives show signatures related to Bronze Age expansions in Eurasia and trans-Saharan migrations. The lack of gene flow between islands and constant or decreasing effective population sizes suggest that populations were isolated. While some island populations maintained relatively high genetic diversity, with the only detected bottleneck coinciding with the colonization time, other islands with fewer natural resources show the effects of insularity and isolation. Finally, consistent genetic differentiation between eastern and western islands points to a more complex colonization process than previously thought.
Widespread and complex drought effects on vegetation physiology inferred from space
Authors: Li Wantong , Pacheco-Labrador Javier , Migliavacca Mirco , Miralles Diego , Hoek van Dijke Anne , Reichstein Markus , Forkel Matthias , Zhang Weijie , Frankenberg Christian , Panwar Annu , Zhang Qian , Weber Ulrich , Gentine Pierre , Orth Rene
Published: August 2023

The response of vegetation physiology to drought at large spatial scales is poorly understood due to a lack of direct observations. Here, we study vegetation drought responses related to photosynthesis, evaporation, and vegetation water content using remotely sensed data, and we isolate physiological responses using a machine learning technique. We find that vegetation functional decreases are largely driven by the downregulation of vegetation physiology such as stomatal conductance and light use efficiency, with the strongest downregulation in water-limited regions. Vegetation physiological decreases in wet regions also result in a discrepancy between functional and structural changes under severe drought. We find similar patterns of physiological drought response using simulations from a soil–plant–atmosphere continuum model coupled with a radiative transfer model. Observation-derived vegetation physiological responses to drought across space are mainly controlled by aridity and additionally modulated by abnormal hydro-meteorological conditions and vegetation types. Hence, isolating and quantifying vegetation physiological responses to drought enables a better understanding of ecosystem biogeochemical and biophysical feedback in modulating climate change.
COMPASS: joint copy number and mutation phylogeny reconstruction from amplicon single-cell sequencing data
Authors: Sollier Etienne , Kuipers Jack , Takahashi Koichi , Beerenwinkel Niko , Jahn Katharina
Published: August 2023

Reconstructing the history of somatic DNA alterations can help understand the evolution of a tumor and predict its resistance to treatment. Single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNAseq) can be used to investigate clonal heterogeneity and to inform phylogeny reconstruction. However, most existing phylogenetic methods for scDNAseq data are designed either for single nucleotide variants (SNVs) or for large copy number alterations (CNAs), or are not applicable to targeted sequencing. Here, we develop COMPASS, a computational method for inferring the joint phylogeny of SNVs and CNAs from targeted scDNAseq data. We evaluate COMPASS on simulated data and apply it to several datasets including a cohort of 123 patients with acute myeloid leukemia. COMPASS detected clonal CNAs that could be orthogonally validated with bulk data, in addition to subclonal ones that require single-cell resolution, some of which point toward convergent evolution.
mRNA 3’UTR lengthening by alternative polyadenylation attenuates inflammatory responses and correlates with virulence of Influenza A virus
Authors: Bergant Valter , Schnepf Daniel , de Andrade Krätzig Niklas , Hubel Philipp , Urban Christian , Engleitner Thomas , Dijkman Ronald , Ryffel Bernhard , Steiger Katja , Knolle Percy A. , Kochs Georg , Rad Roland , Staeheli Peter , Pichlmair Andreas
Published: August 2023

Changes of mRNA 3’UTRs by alternative polyadenylation (APA) have been associated to numerous pathologies, but the mechanisms and consequences often remain enigmatic. By combining transcriptomics, proteomics and recombinant viruses we show that all tested strains of IAV, including A/PR/8/34(H1N1) (PR8) and A/Cal/07/2009 (H1N1) (Cal09), cause APA. We mapped the effect to the highly conserved glycine residue at position 184 (G184) of the viral non-structural protein 1 (NS1). Unbiased mass spectrometry-based analyses indicate that NS1 causes APA by perturbing the function of CPSF4 and that this function is unrelated to virus-induced transcriptional shutoff. Accordingly, IAV strain PR8, expressing an NS1 variant with weak CPSF binding, does not induce host shutoff but only APA. However, recombinant IAV (PR8) expressing NS1(G184R) lacks binding to CPSF4 and thereby also the ability to cause APA. Functionally, the impaired ability to induce APA leads to an increased inflammatory cytokine production and an attenuated phenotype in a mouse infection model. Investigating diverse viral infection models showed that APA induction is a frequent ability of many pathogens. Collectively, we propose that targeting of the CPSF complex, leading to widespread alternative polyadenylation of host transcripts, constitutes a general immunevasion mechanism employed by a variety of pathogenic viruses.
Treatment of monogenic and digenic dominant genetic hearing loss by CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein delivery in vivo
Authors: Tao Yong , Lamas Veronica , Du Wan , Zhu Wenliang , Li Yiran , Whittaker Madelynn N. , Zuris John A. , Thompson David B. , Rameshbabu Arun Prabhu , Shu Yilai , Gao Xue , Hu Johnny H. , Pei Charles , Kong Wei-Jia , Liu Xuezhong , Wu Hao , Kleinstiver Benjamin P. , Liu David R. , Chen Zheng-Yi
Published: August 2023

Mutations in Atp2b2, an outer hair cell gene, cause dominant hearing loss in humans. Using a mouse model Atp2b2Obl/+, with a dominant hearing loss mutation (Oblivion), we show that liposome-mediated in vivo delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes leads to specific editing of the Obl allele. Large deletions encompassing the Obl locus and indels were identified as the result of editing. In vivo genome editing promotes outer hair cell survival and restores their function, leading to hearing recovery. We further show that in a double-dominant mutant mouse model, in which the Tmc1 Beethoven mutation and the Atp2b2 Oblivion mutation cause digenic genetic hearing loss, Cas9/sgRNA delivery targeting both mutations leads to partial hearing recovery. These findings suggest that liposome-RNP delivery can be used as a strategy to recover hearing with dominant mutations in OHC genes and with digenic mutations in the auditory hair cells, potentially expanding therapeutics of gene editing to treat hearing loss.
A parabrachial-hypothalamic parallel circuit governs cold defense in mice
Authors: Yang Wen Z. , Xie Hengchang , Du Xiaosa , Zhou Qian , Xiao Yan , Zhao Zhengdong , Jia Xiaoning , Xu Jianhui , Zhang Wen , Cai Shuang , Li Zhangjie , Fu Xin , Hua Rong , Cai Junhao , Chang Shuang , Sun Jing , Sun Hongbin , Xu Qingqing , Ni Xinyan , Tu Hongqing , Zheng Ruimao , Xu Xiaohong , Wang Hong , Fu Yu , Wang Liming , Li Xi , Yang Haitao , Yao Qiyuan , Yu Tian , Shen Qiwei , Shen Wei L.
Published: August 2023

Thermal homeostasis is vital for mammals and is controlled by brain neurocircuits. Yet, the neural pathways responsible for cold defense regulation are still unclear. Here, we found that a pathway from the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), which runs parallel to the canonical LPB to preoptic area (POA) pathway, is also crucial for cold defense. Together, these pathways make an equivalent and cumulative contribution, forming a parallel circuit. Specifically, activation of the LPB → DMH pathway induced strong cold-defense responses, including increases in thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT), muscle shivering, heart rate, and locomotion. Further, we identified somatostatin neurons in the LPB that target DMH to promote BAT thermogenesis. Therefore, we reveal a parallel circuit governing cold defense in mice, which enables resilience to hypothermia and provides a scalable and robust network in heat production, reshaping our understanding of neural circuit regulation of homeostatic behaviors.
Deep-learning based detection of vessel occlusions on CT-angiography in patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Brugnara Gianluca , Baumgartner Michael , Scholze Edwin David , Deike-Hofmann Katerina , Kades Klaus , Scherer Jonas , Denner Stefan , Meredig Hagen , Rastogi Aditya , Mahmutoglu Mustafa Ahmed , Ulfert Christian , Neuberger Ulf , Schönenberger Silvia , Schlamp Kai , Bendella Zeynep , Pinetz Thomas , Schmeel Carsten , Wick Wolfgang , Ringleb Peter A. , Floca Ralf , Möhlenbruch Markus , Radbruch Alexander , Bendszus Martin , Maier-Hein Klaus , Vollmuth Philipp
Published: August 2023

Swift diagnosis and treatment play a decisive role in the clinical outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can accelerate the underlying diagnostic processes. Here, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) which allows automated detection of abnormal vessel findings without any a-priori restrictions and in <2 minutes. Pseudo-prospective external validation was performed in consecutive patients with suspected AIS from 4 different hospitals during a 6-month timeframe and demonstrated high sensitivity (≥87%) and negative predictive value (≥93%). Benchmarking against two CE- and FDA-approved software solutions showed significantly higher performance for our ANN with improvements of 25–45% for sensitivity and 4–11% for NPV (p ≤ 0.003 each). We provide an imaging platform (https://stroke.ccibonn.ai/) for online processing of medical imaging data with the developed ANN, including provisions for data crowdsourcing, which will allow continuous refinements and serve as a blueprint to build robust and generalizable AI algorithms.
Inequalities in COVID-19 severe morbidity and mortality by country of birth in Sweden
Authors: Rostila Mikael , Cederström Agneta , Wallace Matthew , Aradhya Siddartha , Ahrne Malin , Juárez Sol P.
Published: August 2023

Migrants have been more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether this has varied over the course of the pandemic remains unknown. We examined how inequalities in intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death related to COVID-19 by country of birth have evolved over the course of the pandemic, while considering the contribution of social conditions and vaccination uptake. A population-based cohort study was conducted including adults living in Sweden between March 1, 2020 and June 1, 2022 (n = 7,870,441). Poisson regressions found that migrants from Africa, Middle East, Asia and European countries without EU28/EEA, UK and Switzerland had higher risk of COVID-19 mortality and ICU admission than Swedish-born. High risks of COVID-19 ICU admission was also found in migrants from South America. Inequalities were generally reduced through subsequent waves of the pandemic. In many migrant groups socioeconomic status and living conditions contributed to the disparities while vaccination campaigns were decisive when such became available.
Metal 3D nanoprinting with coupled fields
Authors: Liu Bingyan , Liu Shirong , Devaraj Vasanthan , Yin Yuxiang , Zhang Yueqi , Ai Jingui , Han Yaochen , Feng Jicheng
Published: August 2023

Metallized arrays of three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures offer new and exciting prospects in nanophotonics and nanoelectronics. Engineering these repeating nanoarchitectures, which have dimensions smaller than the wavelength of the light source, enables in-depth investigation of unprecedented light–matter interactions. Conventional metal nanomanufacturing relies largely on lithographic methods that are limited regarding the choice of materials and machine write time and are restricted to flat patterns and rigid structures. Herein, we present a 3D nanoprinter devised to fabricate flexible arrays of 3D metallic nanoarchitectures over areas up to 4 × 4 mm2 within 20 min. By suitably adjusting the electric and flow fields, metal lines as narrow as 14 nm were printed. We also demonstrate the key ability to print a wide variety of materials ranging from single metals, alloys to multimaterials. In addition, the optical properties of the as-printed 3D nanoarchitectures can be tailored by varying the material, geometry, feature size, and periodic arrangement. The custom-designed and custom-built 3D nanoprinter not only combines metal 3D printing with nanoscale precision but also decouples the materials from the printing process, thereby yielding opportunities to advance future nanophotonics and semiconductor devices.
REPTOR and CREBRF encode key regulators of muscle energy metabolism
Authors: Saavedra Pedro , Dumesic Phillip A. , Hu Yanhui , Filine Elizabeth , Jouandin Patrick , Binari Richard , Wilensky Sarah E. , Rodiger Jonathan , Wang Haiyun , Chen Weihang , Liu Ying , Spiegelman Bruce M. , Perrimon Norbert
Published: August 2023

Metabolic flexibility of muscle tissue describes the adaptive capacity to use different energy substrates according to their availability. The disruption of this ability associates with metabolic disease. Here, using a Drosophila model of systemic metabolic dysfunction triggered by yorkie-induced gut tumors, we show that the transcription factor REPTOR is an important regulator of energy metabolism in muscles. We present evidence that REPTOR is activated in muscles of adult flies with gut yorkie-tumors, where it modulates glucose metabolism. Further, in vivo studies indicate that sustained activity of REPTOR is sufficient in wildtype muscles to repress glycolysis and increase tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. Consistent with the fly studies, higher levels of CREBRF, the mammalian ortholog of REPTOR, reduce glycolysis in mouse myotubes while promoting oxidative metabolism. Altogether, our results define a conserved function for REPTOR and CREBRF as key regulators of muscle energy metabolism.
Soil moisture–atmosphere coupling accelerates global warming
Authors: Qiao Liang , Zuo Zhiyan , Zhang Renhe , Piao Shilong , Xiao Dong , Zhang Kaiwen
Published: August 2023

Soil moisture–atmosphere coupling (SA) amplifies greenhouse gas-driven global warming via changes in surface heat balance. The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project projects an acceleration in SA-driven warming due to the ‘warmer climate – drier soil’ feedback, which continuously warms the globe and thereby exerts an acceleration effect on global warming. The projection shows that SA-driven warming exceeds 0.5 °C over extratropical landmasses by the end of the 21st Century. The likelihood of extreme high temperatures will additionally increase by about 10% over the entire globe (excluding Antarctica) and more than 30% over large parts of North America and Europe under the high-emission scenario. This demonstrates the high sensitivity of SA to climate change, in which SA can exceed the natural range of climate variability and play a non-linear warming component role on the globe.
Electromagnetic levitation containerless processing of metallic materials in microgravity: rapid solidification
Authors: Matson D. M. , Battezzati L. , Galenko P. K. , Gandin Ch.-A. , Gangopadhyay A. K. , Henein H. , Kelton K. F. , Kolbe M. , Valloton J. , Vogel S. C. , Volkmann T.
Published: August 2023

Space levitation processing allows researchers to conduct benchmark tests in an effort to understand the physical phenomena involved in rapid solidification processing, including alloy thermodynamics, nucleation and growth, heat and mass transfer, solid/liquid interface dynamics, macro- and microstructural evolution, and defect formation. Supported by ground-based investigations, a major thrust is to develop and refine robust computational tools based on theoretical and applied approaches. This work is accomplished in conjunction with experiments designed for precise model validation with application to a broad range of industrial processes.
Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results
Authors: Lesokhin Alexander M. , Tomasson Michael H. , Arnulf Bertrand , Bahlis Nizar J. , Miles Prince H. , Niesvizky Ruben , Rodrίguez-Otero Paula , Martinez-Lopez Joaquin , Koehne Guenther , Touzeau Cyrille , Jethava Yogesh , Quach Hang , Depaus Julien , Yokoyama Hisayuki , Gabayan Afshin Eli , Stevens Don A. , Nooka Ajay K. , Manier Salomon , Raje Noopur , Iida Shinsuke , Raab Marc-Steffen , Searle Emma , Leip Eric , Sullivan Sharon T. , Conte Umberto , Elmeliegy Mohamed , Czibere Akos , Viqueira Andrea , Mohty Mohamad
Published: August 2023

Elranatamab is a humanized B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-CD3 bispecific antibody. In the ongoing phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial, patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma received subcutaneous elranatamab once weekly after two step-up priming doses. After six cycles, persistent responders switched to biweekly dosing. Results from cohort A, which enrolled patients without prior BCMA-directed therapy (n = 123) are reported. The primary endpoint of confirmed objective response rate (ORR) by blinded independent central review was met with an ORR of 61.0% (75/123); 35.0% ≥complete response. Fifty responders switched to biweekly dosing, and 40 (80.0%) improved or maintained their response for ≥6 months. With a median follow-up of 14.7 months, median duration of response, progression-free survival and overall survival (secondary endpoints) have not been reached. Fifteen-month rates were 71.5%, 50.9% and 56.7%, respectively. Common adverse events (any grade; grade 3–4) included infections (69.9%, 39.8%), cytokine release syndrome (57.7%, 0%), anemia (48.8%, 37.4%), and neutropenia (48.8%, 48.8%). With biweekly dosing, grade 3–4 adverse events decreased from 58.6% to 46.6%. Elranatamab induced deep and durable responses with a manageable safety profile. Switching to biweekly dosing may improve long-term safety without compromising efficacy. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04649359.
Molecular phylogeny of mega-diverse Carabus attests late Miocene evolution of alpine environments in the Himalayan–Tibetan Orogen
Authors: Schmidt Joachim , Opgenoorth Lars , Mao Kangshan , Baniya Chitra B. , Hofmann Sylvia
Published: August 2023

The timing, sequence, and scale of uplift of the Himalayan–Tibetan Orogen (HTO) are controversially debated. Many geoscientific studies assume paleoelevations close to present-day elevations and the existence of alpine environments across the HTO already in the late Paleogene, contradicting fossil data. Using molecular genetic data of ground beetles, we aim to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental history of the HTO, focusing on its southern margin (Himalayas, South Tibet). Based on a comprehensive sampling of extratropical Carabus, and ~ 10,000 bp of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA we applied Bayesian and Maximum likelihood methods to infer the phylogenetic relationships. We show that Carabus arrived in the HTO at the Oligocene–Miocene boundary. During the early Miocene, five lineages diversified in different parts of the HTO, initially in its southern center and on its eastern margin. Evolution of alpine taxa occurred during the late Miocene. There were apparently no habitats for Carabus before the late Oligocene. Until the Late Oligocene elevations must have been low throughout the HTO. Temperate forests emerged in South Tibet in the late Oligocene at the earliest. Alpine environments developed in the HTO from the late Miocene and, in large scale, during the Pliocene–Quaternary. Findings are consistent with fossil records but contrast with uplift models recovered from stable isotope paleoaltimetry.
Assessing rural household’s food groups-and-sources and dietary diversity pattern in Malaita Province
Authors: Bird Zina , Iese Viliamu , Des Combes Helene Jacot , Alungo Bradley , Wairiu Morgan
Published: August 2023

Access to and availability of various food sources is not an issue in rural communities. However, there is no guarantee that households are not affected by nutritional inadequacy, which is still a problem in most underdeveloped nations. A mixed-methods study was conducted to determine the HDDS through the snowballing method for the last 12 months’ food groups-and-sources and the 48-h diet recall. Ninety-eight households in two rural communities surrounding Sikwafta (zone one) and Malu’u (zone two) participated in the interview between April and May 2019. The results were then analyzed through SPSS and QDA MINER. The aim is to analyze the household dietary patterns of the communities between the two zones. The study also hypothesizes that the dietary pattern of households has not changed. Results showed that a total of nine food groups were consumed: grain, white roots, tubers, plantains, oils/fats (95.90%), condiments (83.70%), and meat/poultry/sea foods (77.60%). The majority of the food consumed comes from the gardens, followed by other food sources, which make up the average HDDS of five. A correlation analysis found a statistically significant relationship between HDDS and total meal (0.504*), with no relationships between demographics. When comparing 48-h food sources-and-groups to the previous year, there was little to no difference in accessibility and availability. This implies that the majority of households are likely to achieve their nutritional needs within the parameters of their dietary trend. Even though households have adequate access to food, there is a significant need to improve their nutritional needs, even if they consume the average amount of the required food groups.
Superdiffusion-like behavior in zero-temperature coarsening of the $$d=3$$ Ising model
Authors: Gessert Denis , Christiansen Henrik , Janke Wolfhard
Published: August 2023

One key aspect of coarsening following a quench below the critical temperature is domain growth. For the non-conserved Ising model a power-law growth of domains of like spins with exponent $$\alpha = 1/2$$

α
=
1
/
2

is predicted. Including recent work, it was not possible to clearly observe this growth law in the special case of a zero-temperature quench in the three-dimensional model. Instead a slower growth with $$\alpha <1/2$$

α
<
1
/
2

was reported. We attempt to clarify this discrepancy by running large-scale Monte Carlo simulations on simple-cubic lattices with linear lattice sizes up to $$L=2048$$

L
=
2048

employing an efficient GPU implementation. Indeed, at late times we measure domain sizes compatible with the expected growth law—but surprisingly, at still later times domains even grow superdiffusively, i.e., with $$\alpha > 1/2$$

α
>
1
/
2

. We argue that this new problem is possibly caused by sponge-like structures emerging at early times.
Diagnostic performance of respirators for collection and detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kim Hwang-soo , Lee Hansol , Kang Seonghui , Kim Woo Joo , Shin Sehyun
Published: August 2023

Respirators, called as face mask, have been used to protect the wearer from the outside harmful air environment and prevent any virus from being released to neighbors from potentially infected exhaled breath. The antiviral effectiveness of respirators has not only been researched scientifically, but has also become a global issue due to society's obligation to wear respirators. In this paper, we report the results of a study on the collection and detection of viruses contained in exhaled breath using respirators. The inner electrostatic filter was carefully selected for virus collection because it does not come in direct contact with either human skin or the external environment. In the study of a healthy control group, it was confirmed that a large amount of DNA and biomolecules such as exosomes were collected from the respirator exposed to exhalation, and the amount of collection increased in proportion to the wearing time. We conducted experiments using a total of 72 paired samples with nasopharyngeal swabs and respirator samples. Out of these samples, fifty tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and twenty-two tested negative. The PCR results of the NPS and respirator samples showed a high level of agreement, with a positive percent agreement of ≥ 90% and a negative percent agreement of ≥ 99%. Furthermore, there was a notable level of concordance between RCA-flow tests and PCR when examining the respirator samples. These results suggest that this is a non-invasive, quick and easy method of collecting samples from subjects using a respirator, which can significantly reduce the hassle of waiting at airports or public places and concerns about cross-contamination. Furthermore, we expect miniaturized technologies to integrate PCR detection into respirators in the near future.
Investigating electrochemical corrosion at Mg alloy-steel joint interface using scanning electrochemical cell impedance microscopy (SECCIM)
Authors: Prabhakaran Venkateshkumar , Strange Lyndi , Kalsar Rajib , Marina Olga A. , Upadhyay Piyush , Joshi Vineet V.
Published: August 2023

Developing strategies to prevent corrosion at the interface of dissimilar metal alloys is challenging because of the presence of heterogenous distribution of galvanic couples and microstructural features that significantly change the corrosion rate. Devising strategies to mitigate this interfacial corrosion requires quantitative and correlative understanding of its surface electrochemical reaction. In this work, scanning electrochemical cell impedance microscopy (SECCIM) was employed to study location-specific corrosion in the interfacial region of dissimilar alloys, such as AZ31 (magnesium alloy) and DP590 (steel) welded using the Friction-stir Assisted Scribe Technique (FAST) processes. Herein, SECCM and SECCIM were used to perform correlative mapping of the local electrochemical impedance spectroscopic and potentiodynamic polarization to measure the effect of electronic and microstructural changes in the welded interfacial region on corrosion kinetics. Microstructural characterization including scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction was performed to correlate changes in microstructural features and chemistry with the corresponding electronic properties that affect corrosion behavior. The variations in corrosion potential, corrosion current density, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy behavior across the interface provide deeper insights on the interfacial region—which is chemically and microstructurally distinct from both bare AZ31 and DP590 that can help prevent corrosion in dissimilar metal structures.
SU2GE-Net: a saliency-based approach for non-specific class foreground segmentation
Authors: Lei Xiaochun , Cai Xiang , Lu Linjun , Cui Zihang , Jiang Zetao
Published: August 2023

Salient object detection is vital for non-specific class subject segmentation in computer vision applications. However, accurately segmenting foreground subjects with complex backgrounds and intricate boundaries remains a challenge for existing methods. To address these limitations, our study proposes SU2GE-Net, which introduces several novel improvements. We replace the traditional CNN-based backbone with the transformer-based Swin-TransformerV2, known for its effectiveness in capturing long-range dependencies and rich contextual information. To tackle under and over-attention phenomena, we introduce Gated Channel Transformation (GCT). Furthermore, we adopted an edge-based loss (Edge Loss) for network training to capture spatial-wise structural details. Additionally, we propose Training-only Augmentation Loss (TTA Loss) to enhance spatial stability using augmented data. Our method is evaluated using six common datasets, achieving an impressive$$F_{\beta }$$Fβscore of 0.883 on DUTS-TE. Compared with other models, SU2GE-Net demonstrates excellent performance in various segmentation scenarios.
Serum ceramides in early pregnancy as predictors of gestational diabetes
Authors: Mustaniemi Sanna , Keikkala Elina , Kajantie Eero , Nurhonen Markku , Jylhä Antti , Morin-Papunen Laure , Öhman Hanna , Männistö Tuija , Laivuori Hannele , Eriksson Johan G. , Laaksonen Reijo , Vääräsmäki Marja ,   The FinnGeDi Study Group, Kaaja Risto , Gissler Mika , Pouta Anneli
Published: August 2023

Ceramides contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes but it is uncertain whether they predict gestational diabetes (GDM). In this multicentre case–control study including 1040 women with GDM and 958 non-diabetic controls, early pregnancy (mean 10.7 gestational weeks) concentrations of four ceramides—Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1)—were determined by a validated mass-spectrometric method from biobanked serum samples. Traditional lipids including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides were measured. Logistic and linear regression and the LASSO logistic regression were used to analyse lipids and clinical risk factors in the prediction of GDM. The concentrations of four targeted ceramides and total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides were higher and HDL was lower among women with subsequent GDM than among controls. After adjustments, Cer(d18:1/24:0), triglycerides and LDL were independent predictors of GDM, women in their highest quartile had 1.44-fold (95% CI 1.07–1.95), 2.17-fold (95% CI 1.57–3.00) and 1.63-fold (95% CI 1.19–2.24) odds for GDM when compared to their lowest quartiles, respectively. In the LASSO regression modelling ceramides did not appear to markedly improve the predictive performance for GDM alongside with clinical risk factors and triglycerides. However, their adverse alterations highlight the extent of metabolic disturbances involved in GDM.
A novel technique for solving unsteady three-dimensional brownian motion of a thin film nanofluid flow over a rotating surface
Authors: Jalili Payam , Ahmadi Azar Ali , Jalili Bahram , Domiri Ganji Davood
Published: August 2023

The motion of the fluid due to the swirling of a disk/sheet has many applications in engineering and industry. Investigating these types of problems is very difficult due to the non-linearity of the governing equations, especially when the governing equations are to be solved analytically. Time is also considered a challenge in problems, and times dependent problems are rare. This study aims to investigate the problem related to a transient rotating angled plate through two analytical techniques for the three-dimensional thin film nanomaterials flow. The geometry of research is a swirling sheet with a three-dimensional unsteady nanomaterial thin-film moment. The problem's governing equations of the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, and concentration are partial differential equations (PDEs). Solving PDEs, especially their analytical solution, is considered a serious challenge, but by using similar variables, they can be converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The derived ODEs are still nonlinear, but it is possible to approximate them analytically with semi-analytical methods. This study transformed the governing PDEs into a set of nonlinear ODEs using appropriate similarity variables. The dimensionless parameters such as Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoretic parameter, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are presented in ODEs, and the impact of these dimensionless parameters was considered in four cases. Every case that is considered in this problem was demonstrated with graphs. This study used modified AGM (Akbari–Ganji Method) and HAN (Hybrid analytical and numerical) methods to solve the ODEs, which are the novelty of the current study. The modified AGM is novel and has made the former AGM more complete. The second semi-analytical technique is the HAN method, and because it has been solved numerically in previous articles, this method has also been used. The new results were obtained using the modified AGM and HAN solutions. The validity of these two analytical solutions was proved when compared with the Runge–Kutta fourth-order (RK4) numerical solutions.
Mammography using low-frequency electromagnetic fields with deep learning
Authors: Akbari-Chelaresi Hamid , Alsaedi Dawood , Mirjahanmardi Seyed Hossein , El Badawe Mohamed , Albishi Ali M. , Nayyeri Vahid , Ramahi Omar M.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a novel technique for detecting female breast anomalous tissues is presented and validated through numerical simulations. The technique, to a high degree, resembles X-ray mammography; however, instead of using X-rays for obtaining images of the breast, low-frequency electromagnetic fields are leveraged. To capture breast impressions, a metasurface, which can be thought of as analogous to X-rays film, has been employed. To achieve deep and sufficient penetration within the breast tissues, the source of excitation is a simple narrow-band dipole antenna operating at 200 MHz. The metasurface is designed to operate at the same frequency. The detection mechanism is based on comparing the impressions obtained from the breast under examination to the reference case (healthy breasts) using machine learning techniques. Using this system, not only would it be possible to detect tumors (benign or malignant), but one can also determine the location and size of the tumors. Remarkably, deep learning models were found to achieve very high classification accuracy.
An international multi-institutional validation study of the algorithm for prostate cancer detection and Gleason grading
Authors: Tolkach Yuri , Ovtcharov Vlado , Pryalukhin Alexey , Eich Marie-Lisa , Gaisa Nadine Therese , Braun Martin , Radzhabov Abdukhamid , Quaas Alexander , Hammerer Peter , Dellmann Ansgar , Hulla Wolfgang , Haffner Michael C. , Reis Henning , Fahoum Ibrahim , Samarska Iryna , Borbat Artem , Pham Hoa , Heidenreich Axel , Klein Sebastian , Netto George , Caie Peter , Buettner Reinhard
Published: August 2023

Pathologic examination of prostate biopsies is time consuming due to the large number of slides per case. In this retrospective study, we validate a deep learning-based classifier for prostate cancer (PCA) detection and Gleason grading (AI tool) in biopsy samples. Five external cohorts of patients with multifocal prostate biopsy were analyzed from high-volume pathology institutes. A total of 5922 H&E sections representing 7473 biopsy cores from 423 patient cases (digitized using three scanners) were assessed concerning tumor detection. Two tumor-bearing datasets (core n = 227 and 159) were graded by an international group of pathologists including expert urologic pathologists (n = 11) to validate the Gleason grading classifier. The sensitivity, specificity, and NPV for the detection of tumor-bearing biopsies was in a range of 0.971–1.000, 0.875–0.976, and 0.988–1.000, respectively, across the different test cohorts. In several biopsy slides tumor tissue was correctly detected by the AI tool that was initially missed by pathologists. Most false positive misclassifications represented lesions suspicious for carcinoma or cancer mimickers. The quadratically weighted kappa levels for Gleason grading agreement for single pathologists was 0.62–0.80 (0.77 for AI tool) and 0.64–0.76 (0.72 for AI tool) for the two grading datasets, respectively. In cases where consensus for grading was reached among pathologists, kappa levels for AI tool were 0.903 and 0.855. The PCA detection classifier showed high accuracy for PCA detection in biopsy cases during external validation, independent of the institute and scanner used. High levels of agreement for Gleason grading were indistinguishable between experienced genitourinary pathologists and the AI tool.
Solid-state nanochannels for bio-marker analysis
Authors: Huang Yu , Liu Lingxiao , Luo Cihui , Liu Wei , Lou Xiaoding , Jiang Lei , Xia Fan
Published: August 2023

This tutorial review highlights the role of detection probes modified on the outer-surface of the nanochannels in enhancing sensitivity, broadening the range of detectable biomarkers, and clarifying the underlying detection mechanism.
How tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells cope with Eu(iii) – a microspectroscopic study
Authors: Klotzsche Max , Vogel Manja , Sachs Susanne , Raff Johannes , Stumpf Thorsten , Drobot Björn , Steudtner Robin
Published: August 2023

Biochemical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were employed to elucidate the uptake and spatial distribution of europium in plant cells. For the first time, biomineralization was revealed as detoxification process for lanthanides.
Quantitative imaging of trace elements in solid samples by online isotope dilution laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
Authors: Yanagisawa Kayo , Matsueda Makoto , Furukawa Makoto , Ishiniwa Hiroko , Wada Toshihiro , Hirata Takafumi , Takagai Yoshitaka
Published: August 2023

This study succeeded in quantitative imaging of trace elements using online LA-ICP-IDMS using a new calculation method based on transmission efficiencies.
Elemental and molecular characterization of degrading blood pools
Authors: Giroux Erin , Ebralidze Iraklii I. , Stotesbury Theresa E.
Published: August 2023

Schematic of the physical, molecular, and elemental characterization approaches used to analyze a fragment of a dried blood pool. Morphological and spectral comparisons are made between the surface layer and the bulk portion of the pool, with trends monitored over time.
Prodrug-loaded semiconducting polymer hydrogels for deep-tissue sono-immunotherapy of orthotopic glioblastoma
Authors: Zhu Liyun , Wang Xing , Ding Mengbin , Yu Ningyue , Zhang Yijing , Wu Hongwei , Zhang Qin , Liu Jiansheng , Li Jingchao
Published: August 2023

A novel sono-activatable prodrug hydrogel was developed to achieve deep-tissue sono-immunotherapy of orthotopic glioblastoma.
Liquid metal-mediated fabrication of metalloid nanoarchitectures
Authors: Sharova Ekaterina A. , Falchevskaya Aleksandra S. , Leonchuk Sergei S. , Redkov Alexey V. , Nikolaev Vitaly , Vinogradov Vladimir V.
Published: August 2023

By overcoming all conventional limitations associated with the synthesis of metalloid micro- and nanoparticles in aqueous media, we present a new one-step approach to the synthesis of highly crystalline metalloid hollow architectures.
An antibacterial conjugate of carbon nanohorns for NIR-light mediated peri-implantitis treatment
Authors: Hirata Eri , Takano Yuta , Konishi Daisuke , Maeda Yukari , Ushijima Natsumi , Yudasaka Masako , Yokoyama Atsuro
Published: August 2023

This study developed a novel antibacterial conjugate based on carbon nanohorns for peri-implantisis, an inflammatory disease around dental implants, which may result in failing implants by bone loss around them.
A B- and F-enriched buffering interphase enables a high-rate and high-stability SiOx/C anode
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyu , Zhang Yufei , Ye Minghui , Tang Yongchao , Wen Zhipeng , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Cheng Chao
Published: August 2023

A facile and highly universal strategy to enhance the reaction kinetics and cycling durability of SiOx/C anodes is developed.
Thermal properties of cubic NaSbS2: diffusion dominant thermal transport above the Debye temperature
Authors: Gunatilleke Wilarachchige D. C. B. , Ojo Oluwagbemiga P. , Nolas George S.
Published: August 2023

Thermal diffusion dominates thermal transport above the Debye temperature in superionic NaSbS2.
Methane dehydroaromatization catalyzed by Mo/ZSM-5: location-steered activity and mechanism
Authors: Li Guanna
Published: August 2023

Both activity and catalytic mechanism of MDA reaction can be steered by controlling the location of Mo carbide in zeolite.
Pirfenidone–flavonoid cocrystals with reduced solubility and dissolution rate
Authors: Meng Lingshan , Li Duanxiu , Zhu Yujing , Wang Jianming , Deng Zongwu , Zhang Hailu
Published: August 2023

Two pirfenidone–flavonoid cocrystals with sustained release property were obtained.
Robust ferromagnetism in two-dimensional GeC/CrN heterobilayers
Authors: Ozguven Y. , Guler H. E. , Billur A. A. , Mogulkoc A. , Modarresi M.
Published: August 2023

The germanium carbide (GeC) and chromium nitride (CrN) heterobilayers exhibit half-metallicity and a ferromagnetic ground state, with high Curie temperatures even under strain, making them promising for spintronic applications.
Localized vibrational characteristics of biphenylene strips resulting in length-dependent Raman spectra
Authors: Lu Yirui , Yan Lei , Huang Sichen , Zhou Xilin , Zhang Min , Du Ruhai , Zhang Zhenglong
Published: August 2023

The length dependence of the Raman spectra and vibrational properties of biphenylene strips are explored using density functional theory.
Relaxation dynamics of high-energy excited states of carotenoids studied by UV excitation and pump–repump–probe transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Kuznetsova Valentyna , Fuciman Marcel , Polívka Tomáš
Published: August 2023

Here we address the relation between the upper excited states of carotenoids: the UV absorbing state SUV and the final state of S1–Sn transition.
Light-responsive organic polaritons from first principles
Authors: Guo Xiongwei , Cheng Xinlu , Zhang Hong
Published: August 2023

Light-responsive organic molecules are strongly coupled to the cavity, leading to alterations in their optical properties.
Synthesis and catalytic activity of well-defined Co(i) complexes based on NHC–phosphane pincer ligands
Authors: Luque-Gómez Ana , García-Orduña Pilar , Lahoz Fernando J. , Iglesias Manuel
Published: August 2023

A new methodology for the synthesis of Co(i)–NHC complexes allows the development of efficient catalysts for the reductive amination of furfural and levulinic acid under mild conditions.
A quaternary heterojunction nanoflower for significantly enhanced electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Chen Hao , Liu Wanqiu , Li Jiangning , Chen Linli , Li Guochang , Zhao Wenna , Tao Kai , Han Lei
Published: August 2023

A nanoflower quaternary heterostructured Ni(NO3)2(OH)4/Ni(OH)2/Ni3S2/NiFe-LDH electrocatalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 223 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 and outstanding stability in alkaline media.
Porous nanosheet–nanosphere@nanosheet FeNi2-LDH@FeNi2S4 core–shell heterostructures for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Min Xiaoqin , Bo Zhitao , Xu ZhiKun , Feng Junhui , Lin Xiaoyun , Ni Yongnian
Published: August 2023

A porous nanosheet–nanosphere@nanosheet FeNi2-LDH@FeNi2S4 (FNLDH@FNS) core–shell heterostructure was used as an electrode material for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors.
Fabrication of multiphase MoSe2 modified BiOCl nanosheets for efficient piezo-photoelectric hydrogen evolution and antibiotic degradation
Authors: Wu Mianmian , Li Nan , Shi Minghao , Sun Guifang , Shen Wenjing , Li Qingfei , Ma Jiangquan
Published: August 2023

This work explores the role of phase and band structure engineering in non-centrosymmetric 1T/2H MoSe2/BiOCl and opens a new window for designing efficient piezo-photocatalysts.
Tri-metallic ZIF mediated synthesis of defect rich N-doped Co3O4/ZnO/NiO S-scheme heterostructure for detection and photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants
Authors: Abhivyakti  , Renu  , Singh Sneha , Aggarwal Diksha , Pathak Shubham , Kumar Vinod , Tikoo Kulbhushan , Singhal Sonal
Published: August 2023

A novel tri-metallic ZIF was used as a sacrificial template to construct a bi-functional N-doped Co3O4/ZnO/NiO S-scheme heterostructure for efficient degradation and selective sensing of pollutants.
Carbohydrate supplementation retains intestinal barrier and ameliorates bacterial translocation in an antibiotic-induced mouse model
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Aldamarany Waleed A. S. , Deng Liling , Zhong Geng
Published: August 2023

KGM and its derivatives protected antibiotic-induced bacterial translocation (BT) and the accompanying inflammation response by maintaining intestinal barriers.
Stabilizing Cu0–Cu+ sites by Pb-doping for highly efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2 products
Authors: Ma Xiaodong , Song Xinning , Zhang Libing , Wu Limin , Feng Jiaqi , Jia Shunhan , Tan Xingxing , Xu Liang , Sun Xiaofu , Han Buxing
Published: August 2023

A Pb-doped Cu2O electrocatalyst is designed for highly efficient CO2 reduction to C2 products, which shows a C2+ FE of 83.9%. Pb can stabilize Cu+ and reduce the reaction energy barrier, thereby improving the catalytic performance.
Magnetic hollow micro-sized nanoaggregates for synergistically accelerating PET glycolysis
Authors: Yun Ling-Xia , Wei Yan , Sun Qian , Li Yu-Ting , Zhang Bin , Zhang Hang-Tian , Shen Zhi-Gang , Wang Jie-Xin
Published: August 2023

The glycolysis of PET catalyzed by hollow micro-sized nanoaggregates is a highly effective and sustainable way to tackle the escalating plastic waste problem and create a circular plastic economy.
Atomically precise AuxAg25−x nanoclusters with a modulated interstitial Au–Ag microenvironment for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Ye , Li Zhi , Liu Xiao-He , Pinna Nicola , Wang Yu
Published: August 2023

The interstitial Au–Ag microenvironments in the alloy (AuAg)25 nanoclusters not only promoted the photogenerated charge carriers utilization but also optimized the reaction dynamics, which lead to the enhanced photoreactivities in the alloyed NCs.
Synthesis andin silicostudy of 2,4-diphenylquinolines as potential KDM4B protein inhibitors
Authors: Orosco Dayana , Barraza Gustavo A. , Puerto Galvis Carlos E. , Kouznetsov Vladimir V. , Meléndez Carlos M.
Published: August 2023

2,4-Diphenylquinolines prepared through the A3coupling reaction with acid catalysts using MW conditions andin silicostudy on the KDM4B protein.
Ni5P4-embedded FeV LDH porous nanosheets for enhancing oxygen evolution and urea oxidation reactions
Authors: Guan Jibiao , Li Xiao , Zhu Yingjing , Dai Yinchen , Zhang Rui , Guo Baochun , Zhang Ming
Published: August 2023

Ni5P4@FeV LDH exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic activities for the OER (1.50 V at 50 mA cm−2) and the UOR (1.44 V at 50 mA cm−2). This work provides a new strategy to explore effective OER and UOR electrocatalysts.
Synthesis of a large area ReS2 thin film by CVD for in-depth investigation of resistive switching: effects of metal electrodes, channel width and noise behaviour
Authors: Aggarwal Pallavi , Sheoran Hardhyan , Bisht Prashant , Prasad Om Kumar , Chung Chin-Han , Chang Edward Yi , Mehta Bodh Raj , Singh Rajendra
Published: August 2023

Effect of metal electrodes and channel width on resistive switching and noise behaviour of ReS2 film.
Anatase TiO2−x and zwitterionic porphyrin polymer-based nanocomposite for enhanced cancer photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Jiaxu , Wei Dengshuai , Fu Qinrui
Published: August 2023

To improve the photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcomes and the ability to specifically target cancer cells of TiO2, anatase TiO2-x and zwitterionic porphyrin polymer-based nanocomposite TiO2-x@TFPC is used as the enhanced PDT agent for treating cancer.
The versatility of DABCO as a reagent in organic synthesis: a review
Authors: Chakraborty Nitisha , Mitra Amrit Krishna
Published: August 2023

DABCO is a non-toxic, affordable, environmentally friendly and highly reactive catalyst. The reagent has a widespread usage as a base, catalyst, substrate, nucleophile, component of ionic liquid and reagent.
Crystal phase of nickel sulfide dictates hydrogen evolution activity of various semiconducting photocatalysts
Authors: Yi Jianjian , Xia Yu , Zhou Zhou , Zhou Ganghua , Zhu Xianglin , Zhang Sai , Zhu Xingwang , Wang Xiaozhi , Xu Hui , Pang Huan
Published: August 2023

Nickel sulfides with different phase structures are prepared, exhibiting highly efficient and phase-dependent performance in promoting hydrogen evolution activity of various semiconducting photocatalysts.