bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thyroid hormone action in the developing testis: intergenerational epigenetics
Authors: Hernandez Arturo , Martinez M Elena
Published: January 2020

Male fertility involves the successful transmission of the genetic code to the next generation. It requires appropriately timed cellular processes during testis development, adequate support of spermatogenesis by hormonal cues from the reproductive axis and cellular cross-talk between germ and somatic cells. In addition to being the vessel of the father’s genome, increasing evidence shows that the mature sperm carries valuable epigenetic information – the epigenome – that, after fecundation, influences the development of the next generation, affecting biological traits and disease susceptibility. The epigenome of the germ line is susceptible to environmental factors, including exogenous chemicals and diet, but it is also affected by endogenous molecules and pathophysiological conditions. Factors affecting testis development and the epigenetic information of the germ line are critical for fertility and of relevance to the non-genetic but heritable component in the etiology of complex conditions. Thyroid hormones are one of those factors and their action, when untimely, produces profound effects on the developing testis, affecting spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, testis size, reproductive hormones and fertility. Altered thyroid hormone states can also change the epigenetic information of the male germ line, with phenotypic consequences for future generations. In the context of past literature concerning the consequences of altered thyroid hormone action for testis development, here we review recent findings about the pathophysiological roles of the principal determinants of testicular thyroid hormone action. We also discuss limited work on the effects of thyroid hormone on the male germ line epigenome and the implications for the intergenerational transmission of phenotypes via epigenetic mechanisms.
A subpopulation of human Adark spermatogonia behaves as the reserve stem cell
Authors: Caldeira-Brant A L , Martinelli L M , Marques M M , Reis A B , Martello R , Almeida F R C L , Chiarini-Garcia H
Published: January 2020

Human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are an essential source to maintain spermatogenesis as an efficient process for daily sperm production with high self-renewal capacity along adulthood. However, the phenotype and the subpopulation that represent the real reserve SSC for the human testis remain unknown. Moreover, although SSC markers have been described for undifferentiated spermatogonia (Adark and Apale), the existence of a specific subtype that could be identified as the actual/true SSC has not yet been fully determined. Herein we evaluated spermatogonial morphology, kinetics, positioning regarding blood vasculature in relation to protein expression (UTF1, GFRA1, and KIT) as well as proliferative activity (MCM7) and identified a small subpopulation of Adark with nuclear rarefaction zone (AdVac) that behaves as the human reserve SSC. We show that AdVac is the smallest human spermatogonial population (10%), staying quiescent (89%) and positioned close to blood vessels throughout most of the stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle (SEC) and divides only at stages I and II. Within this AdVac population, we found a smaller pool (2% of A undifferentiated spermatogonia) of entirely quiescent cells exhibiting a high expression of UTF1 and lacking GFRA1. This finding suggests them as the real human reserve SSC (AdVac UTF1+/GFRA1-/MCM7-). Additionally, Adark without nuclear vacuole (AdNoVac) and Apale have similar kinetic and high proliferative capacity throughout the SEC (47%), indicating that they are actively dividing undifferentiated spermatogonia. Identification of human stem cells with evident reserve SSC functionality may help further studies intending to sort SSCs to treat male diseases and infertility.
Absence of a Faster-X Effect in Beetles (Tribolium, Coleoptera)
Authors: Whittle Carrie A , Kulkarni Arpita , Extavour Cassandra G
Published: January 2020

The faster-X effect, namely the rapid evolution of protein-coding genes on the X chromosome, has been widely reported in metazoans. However, the prevalence of this phenomenon across diverse systems and its potential causes remain largely unresolved. Analysis of sex-biased genes may elucidate its possible mechanisms: for example, in systems with X/Y males a more pronounced faster-X effect in male-biased genes than in female-biased or unbiased genes may suggest fixation of recessive beneficial mutations rather than genetic drift. Further, theory predicts that the faster-X effect should be promoted by X chromosome dosage compensation. Here, we asked whether we could detect a faster-X effect in genes of the beetle Tribolium castaneum (and T. freemani orthologs), which has X/Y sex-determination and heterogametic males. Our comparison of protein sequence divergence (dN/dS) on the X chromosome vs. autosomes indicated a rarely observed absence of a faster-X effect in this organism. Further, analyses of sex-biased gene expression revealed that the X chromosome was particularly highly enriched for ovary-biased genes, which evolved slowly. In addition, an evaluation of male X chromosome dosage compensation in the gonads and in non-gonadal somatic tissues indicated a striking lack of compensation in the testis. This under-expression in testis may limit fixation of recessive beneficial X-linked mutations in genes transcribed in these male sex organs. Taken together, these beetles provide an example of the absence of a faster-X effect on protein evolution in a metazoan, that may result from two plausible factors, strong constraint on abundant X-linked ovary-biased genes and a lack of gonadal dosage compensation.
Playas críticas por erosión costera en el caribe sur de Costa Rica, durante el periodo 2005-2016
Authors: Barrantes-Castillo Gustavo , Arozarena-Llopis Isabel , Sandoval-Murillo Luis Fernando , Valverde-Calderón José Francisco
Published: January 2020

Desde el 2010 en la prensa local se ha venido reportando un proceso acelerado de erosión en playas arenosas del litoral caribeño costarricense, que incluso ha sido documentado al interior de las áreas protegidas. Para cuantificar este proceso e identificar los puntos calientes por erosión costera en el Caribe Sur, se planteó una metodología que consiste en levantar la línea de costa a partir de fotografías áreas e imágenes satelitales de alta resolución espacial, con el fin de determinar la tasa de retroceso de la costa. Las fotos e imágenes utilizadas cubren un periodo entre 2005 y 2016. De esta forma fue posible identificar once puntos calientes de erosión, así como la estimación de sus tasas areales de retroceso para dos periodos (2005-2010 y 2010-2016). En este sentido, las localidades que han experimentado la mayor erosión en sus playas arenosas son el Parque Nacional Cahuita, Westfalia y playa Bananito.
Critical beaches due to coastal erosion in the Caribbean south of Costa Rica, during the period 2005-2016
Authors: Barrantes-Castillo Gustavo , Arozarena-Llopis Isabel , Sandoval-Murillo Luis , Valverde-Calderón José Francisco
Published: January 2020

Since 2010, the local press has been reporting an accelerated process of erosion on the sandy beaches of the Costa Rican Caribbean coast, it has even been documented within protected areas. To quantify this process and identify coastal erosion hotspots in the Caribbean south, a methodology was proposed for detecting and delineating the shoreline using aerial photographs and high-resolution satellite imagery to determine the rate of shoreline retreat, the employed photographs and images cover the period between 2005 and 2016. By such means it was possible to identify eleven erosion hotspots, as well as estimation of their retreat rates for the periods 2005-2010 and 2010-2016. The localities that have experienced the greatest erosion of their sandy beaches are Cahuita National Park, Westfalia and Bananito Beach.
Visión geográfica de la percepción de riesgos por peligros hidrometeorológicos extremos en Cuba
Authors: Bayón-Martínez Pablo , Padilla y Sotelo Lilia Susana
Published: January 2020

El conocimiento geográfico es base para la construcción teórica y práctica del espacio como concepción de medio ambiente, así como para la necesaria formación cultural ambiental de los actores sociales en los contextos de producción y reproducción de la vida. La comprensión de las particularidades geográficas del espacio donde trascurre la vida cotidiana del individuo coadyuva a la percepción de los riesgos por peligros hidrometeorológicos extremos. El artículo es resultado del análisis, desde una visión geográfica, del estudio de percepción nacional de riesgos por peligros hidrometeorológicos de 2009-2011 en Cuba, con la inclusión de mapas temáticos afines, aporte que se incorpora a los esfuerzos de la Agencia de Medio Ambiente en los estudios sociales del ambiente, la gestión de riesgos de desastres y la educación geográfica local.
LOW-DENSITY URBANISM. WHAT IS IT?
Authors: Vodotyka Tetiana
Published: January 2020

An Interview with Bisserka Gaydarska and John Chapman (Durham University, Department of Archaeology, Durham, UK)
THE VISION OF THE CHILDHOOD IN THE CODES OF THE URBAN LAW IN THE RZECZPOSPOLITA IN XVI - EARLY XVII CENTURY
Authors: Hoshko Tetiana
Published: January 2020

As the people of the Middle Ages thought in symbolic categories, this symbolism was imposed on the notion of human life. In Europe, it had a distinct Christian colouration and was associated with the symbolism of numbers. This was reflected as well in the idea of the stages of human life, the number of which ranged from three to seven. Childhood, which was the first in this scheme, lasted from birth to adolescence, that is until reaching puberty. For the medieval people who thought concretely, just tangible things were important. It is not surprising, therefore, that the notion of attaining adulthood was not so much based on the formal number of years as on the real external physiological features. However, over time, such a ‘visual’ determination of the age of the personrecedes into the background.Childhood has been linked to a guardianship that has received much attention in the city law codes of the early modern period. Anyone who could not manage their lives and property could count on it.In the Middle Ages, childhood had no place, and until the 12th century, children were hardly depicted. The appearance of the post-mortem images of children in the 16th century was evidence of a change in the emotional attitude to them. This change was reflected in the city law codes of the late 16th century. They protected the right of a child to life and property, even of the unborn or born but not survived child. The born and baptized child was already a complete person with soul and likeness of God.The German town law protected children from too severe punishment, first of all from execution. It was believed that before reaching a certain age the children were unconscious creatures, so they could not deliberately commit crimes. And punishment to death was unacceptable for unconscious wrongdoing. The city law codes in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of 16th and early 17th centuries reflected the evolution of ideas about childhood from the late Middle Ages to the early modern era. Although they refer to the legal norms of previous epochs, they contain many provisions which appeared under the influence of Humanism and the Reformation. As a result of deeper Christianization of morality at the turn of the Middle Ages and modern era, a new attitude to childhood appears, as to a special and important stage in human life. Therefore, as of the 16th century, there were special articles about children in legal codes. The city law begins to protect the interests of children by considering various aspects, in particular, the rights of the unborn but conceived child, of the children of ‘righteous bed’, orphans, etc., the children’s property interests, their lives and future.
The Translation Strategy of Slang Expression in Comic Entitled The Punisher
Authors: Santika Dwi
Published: January 2020

Abstraks Penelitian ini membahas tentang strategi penerjemahan ungkapan bahasa slang dalam sebuah komik yang berjudul The Punisher. Komik ini diterjemahkan dari bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia oleh Hindi R. Ibrahim. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini antara lain: pertama, untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis ungkapan bahasa slang yang ada dalam komik The Punisher. Kedua untuk menjelaskan strategi penerjemahan ungkapan bahasa slang dalam komik The Punisher. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sebagai alat pengumpul data, peneliti melakukan beberapa hal, antara lain: membaca komik The Punisher dalam bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia; menandai ungkapan bahasa slang dan menyeleksinya untuk diklasifikasi berdasarkan jenis dan strategi penerjemahannya menurut teori yang ada dalam beberapa sumber. Hasil temuan penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat empat tipe ungkapan bahasa slang dalam hasil terjemahan komik The Punisher, identifikasi-kelompok, kreatifitas, privasi, dan sekresi, (informalitas dan intimasi, vulgaritas dan ofensif). Adapun strategi penerjemahannya antara lain, penghalusan, secara literal, dan kompensasi stilistika.---Abstract In this research, the researcher concerns with translation study, that is, the translation strategy of slang expression in comic entitled The Punisher translated by Hindi R. Ibrahim. The objectives of the research are: (1) to identified the type of slang expression based on its function used in the target language, (2) to describe slang translation strategy applied in the translation. The researcher uses qualitative descriptive method in order to reach objectives of the research. The researcher employs herself to collect data; by reading the comic and its translation, marking the slang expressions, classifying, selecting and analyzing them based on the type of slang theory and slang translation strategy theory which are taken from some relevant references. Findings of this research show that: first, the four types of slang expression are used in source language \nc\udegroup-identification and creativity, privacy and secrecy, informality and intimacy, andvulgarity and offensiveness; second, all strategies applied in the translation they are literal softening, literal translation and stylistic compensation.
Kontroversi Doktrin Tarekat dalam Puisi Sufistik Karya Syaikh Isma‘il al-Minangkabawi
Authors: Hadi Syofyan
Published: January 2020

Abstrak Tarekat adalah gerakan dan aktifitas sufistik yang terwujud dalam bentuk lembaga dan organisasi. Sebagai sebuah organisasi keagamaan yang lebih berorientasi pada aktifitas menempuh perjalanan ruhaniyah dan spiritual, maka diperlukan adanya pemimpin, pembimbing ataupun penuntun yang akan mengantarkan para pengikut pada tujuan spiritual yang hendak dicapai. Dalam konteks inilah setiap ajaran tarekat berupaya merumuskan metode dan tata cara menempuh jalan yang hendak dilalui para salik termasuk kriteria para mursyid sebagai pemimpin dan penunjuk jalan tersebut. Hal ini jugalah yang coba dirumuskan Syaikh Isma’il al-Minangkabawi dalam konsep-konsep tarekat Naqsyabandiyah Khalidiyah yang diajarkan dan dikembangkannya di Nusantara pada awal abad 19 M. Dalam konteks ajaran tarekatnya, Syaikh Isma’il al-Minangkabawi berupaya merumuskan beberapa aturan bagi para penempuh jalan ruhani menuju Tuhan (murid/salik) dan juga merumuskan kriteria pada pemandu jalan (syaikh/mursyid) yang berhak menjadi penuntun bagi para salik. ---Abstract Tarekat is movement and activity sufistik embodied in institutions and organizations. As a religious organization that is more oriented to activities ruhaniyah and spiritual journey, it is necessary to have a leader, mentor, or a guide who will lead the followers of the spiritual goal to be achieved. In this context every teaching institute seeks to establish the method and procedure for the path to be traversed the salik including the criteria mursyid as leaders and guides them. It is also likely to try to formulate Shaykh Isma'il al-Minangkabawi in concepts congregation Naqsyabandiyah Khalidiyah taught and developed in the archipelago in the early 19th century AD In the context of the doctrine congregation, Shaykh Isma'il al-Minangkabawi attempt to formulate some rules for facer spiritual path to God (pupil / salik) and also set the criteria on a guide (shaykh / mursyid) eligible to be a guide for the salik.
Peranan Komunitas Arab dalam Bidang Sosial-Keagamaan di Betawi 1900-1942
Authors: Haryono Muhammad
Published: January 2020

Abstrak Komunitas Arab-Hadhrami di Betawi peranannya dirasa amat besar bagi masyarakat Betawi, tidak hanya terkenal sejak dahulu keahliannya dalam bidang politik dan perdagangan, namun juga dalam bidang sosial-keagamaan. Wujud nyata dari peranan yang dimainkan oleh orang-orang Arab tersebut terlihat sekali ketika memasuki awal abad XX, yakni dengan didirikannya sebuah organisasi modern yang bergerak di bidang sosial-keagamaan yang bernama Jamiat Kheir. Organisasi ini terkenal bukan saja karena keberhasilannya mendirikan sekolah-sekolah modern dan melahirkan tokoh-tokoh Islam penting, tetapi juga karena kegiatan sosial-keagamaannya   yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk pendirian beberapa panti asuhan, Islamic center, majelis taklim, percetakan dan juga fasilitas umum seperti; perpustakaan, masjid, dan rumah sakit. Kegiatan itu pun masih tetap berlangsung hingga kini dalam program kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh ar-Rabithah al-Alawiyyah. Fakta ini cukup menjadi suatu bantahan atas pernyataan seorang tokoh Orientalis Barat yakni, L.W.C Van den Berg yang kemudian diikuti oleh kalangan orientalis lainnya seperti K.A Steenbrink dan C. Snouck Hurgronje, yang menyatakan bahwa motivasi utama orang-orang Arab datang ke Nusantara hanyalah untuk berdagang dan mencari keuntungan materi semata. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penilitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan bahwa tidak semua orang-orang Arab yang datang ke Nusantara khususnya di Betawi, bertujuan hanya untuk berdagang dan mencari keuntungan materi semata.---Abstract Hadrami Arab community in Batavia felt immense role for the Betawi people, not only famous since ancient expertise in the fields of politics and trade, but also in the socio-religious. Concrete manifestation of the role played by the Arabs was seen once when entering the early twentieth century, namely the establishment of a modern organization that is engaged in socio-religious named Jamiat Kheir. This organization is famous not only for its success establishing modern schools and gave birth to Islamic figures is important, but also because of the socio-religious activities are realized in the form of the establishment of several orphanages, Islamic centers, taklim, printing and also public facilities such as; libraries, mosques, and hospitals. The campaign was still going on today in the program activities carried out by al-Rabita al-Alawiyyah. This fact is quite become a rebuttal to the statement of a prominent Western orientalists namely, LWC Van den Berg followed by the orientalists such as KA Steenbrink and C. Snouck, which states that the primary motivation of the Arabs came to the archipelago are for trade and looking for material gains alone. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to prove that not all Arabs who came to the archipelago, especially in Betawi, aiming only to trade and seek material gains alone.
نصيحة المسلمين وتذكرة المؤمنين للشيخ عبد الصمد الجاوى الفلمبانى (1112هـ- 1203هـ) تحقيقها وتخريج أحاديثها النبوية فيها
Authors: ينتى سارى
Published: January 2020

إن الإسلام دين سليم كامل موافق لعقول الإنسان, يغير حضارة الشعوب على سلوكها وأخلاقها وعقيدتها. وكان انتشاره ناجحا بفضل العلوم الإسلامية منها علم التصوف لأنه يقف موقف التسامح للحضارة المحلية, ومن أهم آثارها مخطوطات ثمينة القيم. في هذه المناسبة اخترت احدى المخطوطات لدراستها, تحت عنوان " نصيحة المسلمين وتذكرة المؤمنين"فيها بيان عن الجهاد في سبيل الله و فضائله, وينقسم البحث إلى وصف المخطوطة, وتقديم حياة مؤلف المخطوطة, وتحقيق النص والأفكار الهامة التى وردت في النص, و ترجمة النص إلى اللغة الإندونيسية وأما الغرض من هذا البحث فهو:تقديم النص ليسهل  القراءة في فهمه وبيان مقاصده حتى تعم الفائدة بعد دراسة المخطوطة.والجدير بالذكر هنا فأنا كالباحثة أقوم بتخريج الأحاديث فيها وهذه النسخة تشتمل على المخطوطتين فحققتهما بعمل دراسة مقارنة لإختيار النسخة الجيدة واعتمدت بمنهج ستاندار الذي صحيحا وهو الإعتماد على النسخة التى تعيد أكثرها صحيحا ومع الإشارة إلى الأخطاء الواردة في النص التى وضعتها في الهامش.للمخطوطة  أهمية بليغة و ثمينة وآثار كبيرة, خاصة في تنمية فكرة عن حالة الثقافة الإسلامية وتقدمها, كما أنها تحفظ على التراث القديم في العالم وتؤدي دراسة المخطوطات إلى تواصل الأجيال وترابط الأمم وازدهار الحضارات, لأن فيها معلومة كثيرة يلزم للطلاب الجامعة معرفتها.---Abstract Islam is a religion full sound OK to human minds, alters the civilization of peoples on the behavior and morals and faith. It was successful thanks to the spread of Islamic Sciences them aware of mysticism because it stand the local tolerance of civilization, and the most important effects of precious manuscripts values.On this occasion, I chose one of the manuscripts for study, titled "Advice Muslims and ticket believers," the statement from the Jihad for the sake of God and the virtues, is divided Find a description of the manuscript, and make the life of the author of the manuscript, and the achievement of important text contained in the text, and translate text to and ideas Indonesian language and the purpose of this research is: to provide the text for easy reading in his understanding and statement purposes until the benefit after studying Almkhtooth.walagdir mentioning here I Kalpagesh I graduated conversations in this version include Almkhtoottin Vhakguethma doing a comparative study to choose the good version and adopted the approach Standard that right It is relying on the version that will restore the most correct and with reference to the errors contained in the text drawn up by the margin The manuscript importance eloquent and precious and great effects, especially in the development of the idea on the status of Islamic culture and progress, as it kept the ancient heritage of the world and lead the study of manuscripts to the continuity of generations and the interdependence of nations and civilizations flourished, because the many information necessary for university students know
Identitas Historis Orang Loloda di Pesisir Halmahera Hingga Pasca Era Reformasi Indonesia 1999-2010
Authors: Rahman Abd.
Published: January 2020

Abstrak Tujuan dari paper ini adalah untuk menjelaskan perjuangan orang-orang Loloda dalam mencari kembali identitas dirinya di Halmahera Maluku Utara, di mana sejarah menjadi landasan berpikir dan bertindak dalam mencapai tujuannya bahkan sampai sekarang. Perjuangan orang Loloda itu mulai semakin gencar seiring dengan berlakunya undang-undang otonomi daerah nomor 22 tahun 1999 sampai hari ini. Semarak diberitakan bahwa tokoh-tokoh adat masyarakat Loloda menuntut kabupaten tersendiri lepas dari Kabupaten Halmahera Utara (Loloda Utara) dan Barat (Loloda Selatan) dengan nama ”Kabupaten Loloda Pasifik”. Isu lain yang berkembang ialah bahwa sampai saat ini masyarakat Loloda belum menikmati kekayaan sumber daya alamnya sendiri yang melimpah dan diabaikan. Mereka mulai kembali mencari identitas diri lewat sejarahnya yang hingga kini masih dianggap kabur dan sarat diskriminasi. Sikap disintegrasi pun mulai muncul dari yang sebelumnya berskala kabupaten menjadi berskala propinsi. Mereka ingin melepaskan diri, keluar dari Propinsi Maluku Utara dan menyatakan diri siap bergabung dengan Propinsi Sulawesi Utara apabila aspirasinya tidak terpenuhi. Pertanyaannya adalah bagaimana hubungan antara sejarah daerah ini dengan munculnya tuntutan perubahan status Loloda dari kecamatan ke kabupaten baru yang diharapkan.---Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe the struggle of Loloda people to find their true identity in Halmahera, North Maluku, where the history of the foundation of thingking and acting in achieving its goals even now. The struggle of people Loloda formulate his identity began to become more frequent, they are accompanied by a search history in the area of the sea and the Maluku Island. In addition since, num. 22th 1999 along with the beginnings of the issue of autonomy in Indonesia until now, lively reported that traditional leaders of society Loloda sue the district of its own apart from the district North Halmahera (North Loloda) and west (South Loloda) with the name “District of Loloda Pasific”. Another growing issue is that until now, people Loloda not enjoy the wealth of its own natural resources are abundant and ignored. They started back in search for identity through history which is still considered to be vague and full of discrimination. Attitude began to emerge from the disintegration of the previously district-wide scale to the provinces, where they want to break away, out of North Maluku province and declared themselves ready to join the North Sulawesi province. The question which then must be answered is, what is the relationship between the local history of this region with the aspiration of the Loloda people to form a new district even want to join with other provinces.
Mencari Jejak Wiralodra Di Indramayu
Authors: Nurlaelasari Dini
Published: January 2020

Abstract This paper discusses how the establishment of Indramayu become a regency as now. Some previous papers about establishment of Indramayu is often associated with a figure named Wiralodra. To explore traces the establishment Indramayu became a regency there are a few things to consider. First, situation of Indramayu before becoming a regency. Second, about the lingkages between Wiralodra with the establishment of Indramayu as a regency. Third, the process of change in the administrative status of Indramayu. The methods used to discuss these issues are the historical method consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. From this study, authors obtain about the condition of Indramayu before becoming a regency. Meanwhile lingkages between Wiralodra who had been believed to be founder Indramayu with establishment of Indramayu as a regency discussed by the historical fact. As well as the change of name and area before becoming Regency of Indramayu discussed by a government decision in various Staatsblad and Besluit.---Abstrak Tulisan ini membahas tentang bagaimana pembentukan Indramayu menjadi sebuah pusat pemerintahan setingkat kabupaten seperti sekarang. Dari beberapa karya tulis yang telah ada pembentukan Indramayu sering dikaitkan dengan tokoh bernama Wiralodra. Untuk menelusuri jejak-jejak pembentukan Indramayu menjadi sebuah kabupaten ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Pertama, keadaan Indramayu sebelum menjadi sebuah kabupaten. Kedua, tentang keterkaitan antara tokoh Wiralodra dengan pembentukan Indramayu sebagai sebuah kabupaten. Ketiga adalah proses perubahan status administratif Indramayu. Adapun metode yang digunakan untuk membahas persoalan tersebut adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Dari penelitian ini penulis mendapatkan temuan-temuan tentang kondisi Indramayu sebelum menjadi sebuah kabupaten. Adapun keterkaitan antara tokoh Wiralodra yang selama ini diyakini sebagai pendiri Indramayu dengan pembentukan Indramayu sebagai sebuah kabupaten dibahas berdasarkan fakta historis yang penulis dapatkan. Begitupun perubahan nama dan luas wilayah sebelum menjadi Kabupaten Indramayu dibahas berdasarkan keputusan pemerintah dalam berbagai Staatsblad dan Besluit.DOI: 10.15408/al-turas.v23i1.4793
Planeación y gestión espontánea en Bogotá. Informalidad urbana, 1940-2019
Authors: Pava Gómez Andrea Julieth , Escallon Gartner Clemencia
Published: January 2020

El texto aborda la planeación y gestión espontánea en escenarios urbanos desde una relectura territorial de los asentamientos humanos como sistemas sociales. Este planteamiento crítico sugiere un cambio de paradigma sobre el desarrollo autogestionado, a medida que reflexiona sobre cómo entender la complejidad territorial desde el reconocimiento de la autonomía de sus habitantes. Para ello, el pensamiento sistémico es utilizado en la estructuración de una lectura que propone entender las dinámicas territoriales de San Germán (Usme), en el borde sur de Bogotá. Los resultados incluyen, primero, un análisis sistémico aplicado a una línea de tiempo que expone los efectos de una respuesta institucional mecánica y lineal. Segundo, la lectura simultánea de las lógicas formales y espontáneas, haciendo explícitos los puntos de encuentro que suponen confrontaciones. El artículo concluye, por un lado, que el desconocimiento de las implicaciones globales de la acción institucional ha estado vinculado al establecimiento de medidas que homogenizan el territorio bajo una lógica única de construcción territorial. Por el otro, que el no reconocimiento de las lógicas espontáneas continuará restringiendo las acciones autogestionadas a contextos ajenos a los diálogos en escenarios de planeación y, con ello, al desarrollo espontáneo no asistido, aislado e inaccesible.
Materialización del derecho a la ciudad
Authors: Torres Tovar Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2020

EDITORIAL
Influence of Leadership and Organizational Climate on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variable at Denpasar National Polytechnic
Authors: Manuaba Ida Bagus Putra , Sujana I Wayan , Widnyana I Wayan
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted at the Denpasar National Polytechnic, as obtained related data the performance of employees who experience fluctuations, so factors that will affect the performance of PND employees will be investigated, namely leadership and organizational climate mediated by job satisfaction. The study population was all permanent employees at the 32nd Denpasar National Polytechnic. The sampling method uses the census method or saturated sample, so the number of respondents is 32 people. Based on the results of research and related discussions can be concluded: Leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Denpasar National Polytechnic, organizational climate  positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Denpasar National Polytechnic, Leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction at the National Polytechnic Denpasar, organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction of employees of the National Polytechnic Denpasar, Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Denpasar National Polytechnic, Leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable on the Denpasar National Polytechnic. Organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable in the Denpasar National Polytechnic
Study of the method for focal length determination in digital cameras
Authors: Hlotov Volodymyr , Hunina Alla
Published: January 2020

The authors analysed the methods for determining the focal length in digital cameras (DC) and proposed a method, the implementation of which is to survey the correct triangular metal prism from the left and right points of the basis. Next, on the stereo pair of digital images obtained from the surveying, the corresponding coordinates of the points on the near and far edges of the prism are measured, and the focal length of the non-metric DC is determined. To test the method, the focal length of the Sony ILCE-7R and Canon EOS 450D cameras was determined. In order to establish the precision parameters of the method, the following parameters were taken into account: determining the accuracy of measurment on the basis of surveying, the accuracy of measuring the heights, the accuracy of calculation of the longitudinal parallax, the accuracy of calculating the difference between the parallaxes.
Analysis of the development of Lublin city bike stations versus the economic and spatial conditions in that city
Authors: Gawroński Krzysztof , Król Karol , Gawrońska Grażyna , Kubicki Bartosz
Published: January 2020

The analysis covered the city bike rental system in Lublin and the development of the so-called Lublin City Bike (LRM) network. The LRM network was chosen due to its dynamic development, because Lublin has the most city bikes per capita in Poland. LRM was launched in June 2014. Since then, the Lublin City Bike consists of 951 bikes located in 97 rental stations in Lublin and Świdnik. The purpose of the present work is to analyse the development of city bike docking stations in Lublin against the background of economic and spatial conditions of the city. The analyses were performed using GIS software. The greatest interest in LRM was recorded in the central part of the city. It has been shown that the development of cycling infrastructure does not have a significant impact on the spatial coverage of Lublin City Bike. Developments planned until 2022 will also not significantly affect the extension of LRM coverage, as they are focused on increasing the density of stations. Furthermore, the location of the LRM stations is not related to the population density in individual city districts.
Public Real Estate Management Index – a case study of european states
Authors: Gross Marta
Published: January 2020

Public property management should be effective, considering the limited resources that public economies have at their disposal.
The aim of the present article is to develop an integrated indicator – Public Real Estate Management Index (PREMI) – for the analysed countries, and to indicate their relative scores in the ranking, and particularly to indicate their position within Poland’s classification system. The results published by various international organizations were used in order to determine the total PREMI scores.
Precise integrated hybrid networks in 21st-century tunnel surveying
Authors: Bryś Henryk , Ćmielowski Kazimierz , Trojanowicz Marek
Published: January 2020

The authors in this study briefly outline contemporary trends and the hierarchical construction of the models of surface and underground, horizontal tunnel networks, in the aspect of their optimization, accuracy as well as internal and external reliability. The developed modulartrilateral tunnel network is characterized by the elimination of the influence of temperature field on the measurement results, and also the resulting impact of the negative phenomenon of horizontal refraction occurring in the vicinity of the tunnel walls. Trilateration underground linear network with its specific advantages constitutes an alternative to traditional polygonal structures often used in the implementation of tunnel constructions. Simulation adjustment results and lateral coordinate deviations for the end points of the 10.5 km long network have been presented.
Artes na BNCC: Reflexões psicopedagógicas
Authors: Tolentino Igor Vieira E Sá , Moreno Alessandra Dominiquelli
Published: January 2020

A Psicopedagogia é uma ciência que estuda os processos de ensino-aprendizagem, procurando colocar no mesmo nível os aspectos sociais, cognitivos e afetivos. O ensino de Artes sofreram profundas mudanças ao longo dos anos e verificou-se que as linguagens artísticas são fundamentais para uma educação integral dos alunos. Na adolescência, é preciso explorar essas linguagens para proporcionar outras formas de expressão, percepção de si e do outro. Porém, ainda existem grandes dificuldades por parte dos gestores e professores de perceberem a importância das Artes no desenvolvimento e aprendizagem dos alunos. A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) é um documento disponibilizado pelo Ministério da Educação, que tem como objetivo nortear os currículos escolares. Dessa forma, o presente artigo teve como proposta analisar esse documento, partindo dos recortes da etapa do Ensino Médio e do componente Arte, para refletir as contribuições (ou não) da BNCC na educação, objetivando demonstrar a colaboração das linguagens artísticas no desenvolvimento integral do adolescente. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica para investigar os materiais publicados como livros, artigos e periódicos, de maneira a compreender a BNCC, Artes e o período da adolescência, através de um olhar psicopedagógico. Além disso, foram aferidas algumas implicações pela Gestão Democrática, que demonstra a importância da participação dos jovens estudantes na construção dos currículos escolares.
A importância da trindade-gestora na educação para a vida
Authors: Barbosa Renê Da Silva
Published: January 2020

A presença de profissionais competentes, inovadores, entre outras qualidades essenciais, torna-se cada vez mais um dos desafios nas Escolas Públicas. Num momento em que os parlamentares, os governantes e os secretários de educação apontam para a melhoria do ensino público, o cuidado com a gestão escolar é algo que passa distante do universo político-formativo dos órgãos educacionais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a importância da trindade-gestora (diretor, vice-diretor e o coordenador pedagógico) no processo educativo para a existência humana. A metodologia utilizada é a revisão bibliográfica à luz das abordagens dos teóricos como: Paro (2010, 2015, 2016), Coelho (2015), Barreto (2015), Santos (2012), dentre outros. As análises propõem que a perspectiva gestor-trinitária, entendida como uma autossuperação do mero trabalho burocrático, está incerto no cotidiano escolar, pois a preocupação desses profissionais fica limitada a ações espontâneas. Estas estão presas a ponto de vista superficial, cuja ótica conserva e reforça as políticas, as práticas autoritárias das esferas ministeriais. Assim, pretende-se contribuir no cotidiano e
Apresentação
Authors: Lopes Marcio Cappelli Aló , Chaves de Souza Vitor
Published: January 2020

O terceiro volume da revista Estudos de Religião em 2019 apresenta um dossiê dedicado ao estudo literário da Bíblia. Organizado por Jean-René Valette, da Sorbonne Université Lettres, e Douglas Rodrigues da Conceição, da Universidade do Estado do Pará, o dossiê intitulado Ecos da Bíblia na cultura literária é motivado pelos estudos literários marcantes do século XX em diálogo com a hermenêutica bíblica. Mais do que isso, o dossiê procura ressaltar a Bíblia na cultura e o impacto que ela tem, principalmente, na cultura literária.
L’arbre renversé : brève histoire d’un motif dans le Microcosme de Scève
Authors: Bourahla Aziza , Fabre Isabelle
Published: January 2020

Dans son poème Microcosme(1564) qui paraphrase le début de la Genèse, Maurice Scève s’attarde sur la création d’Adam, qu’il compare à un arbre renversé. Bien que l’origine de cette analogie puisse être rattachée au Timée, elle est transmise tout au long du Moyen Âge avec une signification morale et spirituelle complexe. Le présent article en propose successivement deux lectures : la première saisit le motif dans son contexte et en fait paraître la fonction structurante, la deuxième en explore les soubassements et les nuances dans la tradition didactique médiévale. Les deux lectures conjointes permettent d’apprécier l’originalité du traitement scévien, qui détourne le motif pour mieux se l’approprier et en faire une clé de sa poétique.
Joseph d’Arimathie, empreinte biblique des romans du Graal
Authors: Sauvêtre Maïté
Published: January 2020

Selon les Évangiles, Joseph d’Arimathie met le corps de Jésus au Tombeau. Au xiiiesiècle, il devient le gardien du Graal, vase dans lequel il aurait recueilli le Saint-Sang. Le personnage permet ainsi de lier la Bible aux romans du Graal. Quelle filiation biblique ces œuvres fictives assument-elles alors ? La figure biblique révèle une prétention à continuer et à adapter les textes scripturaires selon des mentalités médiévales en mutation. À la faveur de différents procédés analogiques, le statut du décurion néotestamentaire s’actualise dans l’univers graalien. Joseph devient un saint chevalier. Les auteurs ne s’émancipent pas de leurs sources mais montrent comment, après les premiers temps chrétiens, un homme peut accomplir les volontés divines tout en tenant compte des réalités socioculturelles de son époque.
Religious Literature, The realistic, and the Fantastic:
Authors: Shemesh Abraham Ofir
Published: January 2020

The current study discusses several ancient Jewish traditions that speak of mythological-fantastic creatures in Noah's ark. The biblical text does not list the types of organisms that entered the ark, rather makes do with noting the groups of animals in general. The Midrashic literature on the story of the ark lists various species of fantastic humans and animals – Og king of Bashan, the giant re'em or the eternally living phoenix. It may be assumed that these creatures were included for several reasons: A. The ancients believed that these were realistic creatures and therefore assumed that they too had entered the ark. B. The mythological animals aroused the imagination of the ancients and they were eager to hear stories about them.
Do mito ao voo: a metamorfose da simbologia mítica nos super-heróis
Authors: Lopes Marcio Cappelli Aló , Souza Vitor Chaves de
Published: January 2020

O artigo procurará desenvolver uma reflexão hermenêutica a respeito da preservação de aspectos míticos nos super-heróis. Para isso, recorre à referenciais da teoria literária e ciências da religião. Parte-se da necessidade existencial por narrativas, trabalha-se com Umberto Eco para elaborar uma noção simbólica incônscia e termina com Mircea Eliade para prolongar a temporalidade dos perfis heroicos enquanto elemento mais atual e original do papel das personagens na vida dos leitores e espectadores. A intenção da pesquisa não é desenvolver todos os aspectos míticos nem analisar nominalmente uma variedade de personagens, mas relacionar símbolo e tempo como uma das expressões mais próprias do perfil do super-herói na interface HQ e religião.
Cristocultura: o fenômeno cultural no processo construcional das cristologias no Quarto Evangelho
Authors: Guerra Danilo Dourado
Published: January 2020

Esse artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar o espectro cristocultural joanino,  tendo o fator cultura como metaponto focal e dialógico no que diz respeito ao processo revelacional noemático de construção cristológica no Quarto Evangelho. Nesse emprendimento, a partir de uma narrativa textual que evidencia a saga cristológica do herói joanino, buscar-se-á a diagramação, desde a digital cultural joanina ao seu eixo análogo no tocante ao processo de construção da baixa e alta cristologias e do modelo protocristológico por nós denominado de mesocristologia joanina. Ao final, demonstrar-se-á que estes modelos protocristológicos se estruturam no locus comunitário joanino, de forma contingecial e sucessiva, dentro da pesrpectiva cultural de um judaismo-helenista com menor e maior grau de aculturação. Estes diferentes graus de helenização, por sua vez, interagem com os distintos (graus) da construção da (s) cristologia(s) joanina, e, por conseguinte, com a especificidade cristológica inerente a cada fase da saga cristológica  da comunidade do Quarto Evangelho.
Uma teologia para o Evangelho Social
Authors: Rodrigues Nelson Lellis
Published: January 2020

RAUSCHENBUSCH, Walter. Uma teologia para o Evangelho Social. Vitória: Ed. Unida; São Paulo: Ed. Astes, 2019. 273 p.
Récits sur l’origine des langues : enromancier Babel
Authors: Halary Marie-Pascale
Published: January 2020

Cette étude, qui porte sur le récit de la Tour de Babel, s’intéresse aux premières traductions de ce texte (douzième et treizième siècles). Après avoir mis en évidence les principales caractéristiques de l’exégèse de ce passage, elle se concentre sur une traduction originale : la Genèse d’Evrat (fin du xiie siècle). Comment ce texte construit-il la valeur du français alors que l’interprétation commune du récit babélien participe de la mise en place d’une hiérarchie linguistique ?
Apresentação do Dossiê - Bible et culture littéraire entre mythos et logos
Authors: Valette Jean-René
Published: January 2020

Au seuil de l’ouvrage fondamental qu’il publie en 1946 sous le titre Mimésis, Erich Auerbach propose une étude comparée des deux styles qui ont exercé, selon lui, une « influence constitutive » sur la représentation de la réalité dans la littérature européenne
“Abraham sacrifiant”: o sacrifício d’Isaac segundo Théodore de Bèze (1519-1605)
Authors: Rodrigues da Conceição Douglas
Published: January 2020

Em Genève, no ano de 1550, o poeta e teólogo francês Théodore de Bèze publicou a tragédia “Abraham sacrifiant”. Consagrada à teatralização da história de Deus, Abraão e Isaac (capítulo 22 de Gênesis), a aparição da peça de Bèze pode ser compreendida como um importante exemplo de apropriação artística da Bíblia dentro do século XVI. Nosso ponto de partida será exatamente a ostensiva presença do texto bíblico na “Tragedie Françoise” de Bèze.
A cabeça de Iokanaan: representação de Salomé no conto Herodíade de Gustave Flaubert
Authors: Cantarela Antonio Geraldo , Silva Alexandre Sugamosto e
Published: January 2020

O artigo aborda o tema da decapitação de João Batista, segundo a recepção das narrativas bíblicas feita por Gustave Flaubert no conto Herodíade, publicado em 1877. Destaca a personagem Salomé e sua dança como ápice do conto. Conduzindo-se metodologicamente por ferramentas da crítica literária, o artigo compara o texto de Flaubert com as narrativas dos evangelhos e com o modo como a escola artística decadentista do final do século XIX tratou a personagem Salomé. Sublinha, de modo particular, o recurso literário aos detalhes emocionais e visuais utilizado pelo escritor francês, em contraposição ao estilo sucinto dos textos de Marcos e Mateus.
Evaluation of recycled Al–LDPE–Al sandwich panels as ballistic protection material
Authors: Torun Ahmet Refah , Kaya Şeyma Helin , Choupani Naghdali
Published: January 2020

Metal–polymer–metal hybrid sandwich panels are gaining importance in civil, automotive and aerospace applications due to their light weight and damping properties. Compared with composite materials, hybrid materials consisting of separate metal and thermoplastic parts can be recycled much more easily. Besides their applications as covering material on buildings as well as general insulation material, recycled aluminum (Al)–low-density polyethylene (LDPE)–aluminum hybrid panels yield a potential usage of light ballistic protection. In this study, a standard hybrid panel of 3·2 mm polyethylene filling and two 0·4 mm aluminum metal sheets was experimentally tested under ballistic impact. A finite-element model was used with a commercial software program and validated against the experimental results. The finite-element results show that stacking of multiple layers of panels absorbs more energy than an equivalent single-layer panel. Six layers of stacked hybrid aluminum–LDPE–aluminum panels are capable of absorbing the impact energy of a 9 mm pistol projectile, and they can be utilized as recyclable inexpensive ballistic protection materials.