bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El gobierno de las fundaciones. La creación de valor más allá de la disciplina
Authors: Romero Merino María Elena
Published: July 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido el Accésit Premio Estudios Financieros 2007 en la Modalidad de CONTABILIDAD Y ADMINISTRACIÓN DE EMPRESAS.
Las fundaciones juegan un papel clave en el desarrollo de las sociedades modernas porque sirven para canalizar la riqueza privada hacia la financiación de servicios sociales y de actividades educativas e investigadoras. A partir de una muestra de fundaciones españolas, presentamos evidencia sobre el efecto que tiene un «modelo de gobierno ampliado» que reconoce funciones disciplinarias y cognitivas sobre la eficiencia organizativa. A tenor de los resultados, el tamaño y la independencia del patronato no tienen un efecto directo sobre la eficiencia de la fundación. En cambio, la diversidad de conocimientos de los patronos y su carácter proactivo en la toma de decisiones influyen de forma positiva en la eficiente asignación de recursos fundacionales. Además, los resultados obtenidos muestran los beneficios de un donante privado institucional que supervise de forma efectiva las decisiones directivas. En definitiva, el modelo de gobierno ampliado se presenta especialmente adecuado para explicar la realidad fundacional española.
La fiscalidad especial sobre la vivienda vacía en España y en otros países de la Unión Europea
Authors: García Martínez Andrés , Jiménez-Valladolid de L'Hotellerie–Fallois Domingo Jesús
Published: July 2023

El acuciante problema de la vivienda en España, cuyo rasgo característico es el elevado precio de adquisición de la misma ligado a fenómenos de especulación inmobiliaria, ha hecho volver la mirada de los distintos niveles de Gobierno, estatal, autonómico y local, así como, en general, de la clase política y de los operadores económicos y sociales hacia el parque de viviendas en alquiler y, especialmente, hacia la existencia de un gran número de viviendas desocupadas. Inmediatamente se ha echado mano del instrumento fiscal como primera medida para atacar el problema, por un lado, incentivando mediante bonificaciones fiscales el alquiler de vivienda y la construcción de viviendas para destinarlas a tal fin; por otro lado, penalizando fiscalmente a aquellos propietarios de viviendas que las mantienen vacías o desocupadas sin incorporarlas al parque de viviendas en alquiler o, en su caso, sin ponerlas a la venta. Sin embargo, este segundo tipo de medidas penalizadoras ha encontrado, además de un cierto déficit de justificación desde la perspectiva tributaria y de un enconado debate social entre detractores y defensores de las mismas, unas evidentes dificultades técnicas para su puesta en marcha. En este trabajo nos vamos a centrar en el análisis de las medidas de este último tipo adoptadas en nuestro país y en otros países de nuestro entorno. Así pues, analizaremos el recargo en el IBI sobre las viviendas desocupadas y los problemas que está planteando su exigencia efectiva, el impuesto navarro sobre las viviendas desocupadas, así como un conjunto de figuras tributarias creadas y exigidas por países como Francia, Italia, Portugal o Finlandia que cuentan en este campo con mayor experiencia que nuestro país. La preocupación que nos guía a lo largo del mismo se centra, por una parte, en la justificación de tales medidas desde los postulados de la justicia tributaria y, por otro, en la articulación técnica de tales medidas, destacadamente, en la definición de lo que constituye vivienda vacía a estos efectos.
Pasivos financieros e instrumentos de patrimonio (nuevo PGC)
Authors: Fernández de Pinto José Antonio , Pérez Ortiz Daniel , Villamayor Pozo Celedonio
Published: July 2023

La naturaleza dinámica de los mercados financieros internacionales ha provocado el uso generalizado de una amplia variedad de instrumentos financieros, que van desde los instrumentos primarios tradicionales, tales como bonos, hasta las diversas formas de instrumentos derivados, tales como permutas de tipos de interés también conocidos como swaps. El objetivo de la norma de valoración novena es mejorar la comprensión que los usuarios de los estados financieros tienen sobre el significado de los instrumentos financieros, y la influencia que tienen estos instrumentos sobre la posición financiera, los resultados y los flujos de efectivo de la empresa.
La norma de valoración establece los pasos que deben seguirse para la contabilización de los instrumentos financieros en el balance, así como los criterios de registro de los ingresos y gastos derivados de los mismos.
En este artículo vamos a tratar la forma de valoración y contabilización de los pasivos financieros y de los instrumentos de patrimonio propio, haciendo también referencia a los instrumentos financieros híbridos y a los instrumentos financieros compuestos.
Los oratorios privados: espacios y soportes para la devoción y la contemplación (siglos XV y XVI)
Authors: Caballero Escamilla Sonia
Published: July 2023

La devotio moderna tuvo un impacto directo en el uso de los espacios privados y en los objetos que los poblaban. Las prácticas religiosas domésticas podían desarrollarse en oratorios construidos para tal fin, pero también en recámaras, retretes o rincones acondicionados para ello. El uso de telas y materiales efímeros abría múltiples posibilidades para habitar las diferentes salas según las necesidades que se presentaran. Analizaremos los tipos de oratorio, en su doble acepción de espacio de oración y retablo portátil, y los objetos que guiaban las experiencias religiosas de los laicos, atendiendo especialmente al papel que cumplieron textos e imágenes.
Origen social y vínculos familiares de los monjes cluniacenses de Castilla (1380-1505)
Authors: Reglero de la Fuente Carlos Manuel
Published: July 2023

El estudio prosopográfico de los monjes cluniacenses de Castilla en época Trastámara permite una aproximación cualitativa a sus orígenes sociales y relaciones familiares. Hubo algunos nobles, más hidalgos que caballeros, en especial priores, así como algunos hijos ilegítimos. La mayor parte se encuadran en los «grupos intermedios», tanto habitantes de las villas como campesinos. En resumen, se observa una composición social heterogénea de las comunidades monásticas. Además, se aprecia que abades, priores y oficiales podían promocionar a sus familiares, propiciando su ascenso social.
La expedición de cartas de poder para la diplomacia en la Cancillería regia castellana en la Baja Edad Media
Authors: Vigil Montes Néstor
Published: July 2023

La celebración de embajadas en la Baja Edad Media entre representantes de dos soberanos requería la formulación de cartas de poder para que los representantes pudieran ser considerados como procuradores de sus soberanos y llegasen a alcanzar acuerdos. El análisis de sesenta y cuatro documentos emitidos por la cancillería castellana a lo largo del período bajomedieval permitirá desvelar cuál es su función, cómo eran expedidos y cómo se formulaban. Con ello se podrá comprender mejor cómo la cancillería castellana adaptó sus usos de elaboración documental para la expedición de unos documentos tan infrecuentes como importantes.
FINANCIAL PRODUCTS MARKETING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Vincent Ikumariegbe Ogboghro Ph.D
Published: July 2023

The study examined the effect of financial products marketing on the Performance of deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria, for the duration of 2008-2022 which is 20years. The secondary data (time series) was gotten from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) for the duration under review. The study identified the following measures financial products such as Automated Teller Machine (ATM), Point of Sale (POS), INTB (INTB) and NIBSS Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) which was analyzed in relation to the Return on Assets (ROA) (proxy with performance of DMBs in Nigeria). The DP for the preliminary description of the data set, correlation analysis will be use to ascertain the co-movement of the independent variables in relation to the dependent variable while the Multiple Regression analysis were employed with the aid of E-VIEW version 9.0 for the purpose of testing the research hypothesis. The study found that ATM, POS, and INTB significantly affect DMB ROA in Nigeria, while NEFT did not. Finally, financial product marketing has a substantial impact on DMB performance in Nigeria. If DMB management wants to boost ROA, they could focus on ATM service improvements, which will boost customer happiness and patronage.

Keywords: Financial Products, Marketing, Internet, Point of Sales and Performance.
PANORAMA EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE CASOS CONFIRMADOS DE HEPATITE B NO BRASIL DE 2014 A 2018
Authors: Silva Marina Berçot da , Carvalho Carolina Nascimento de , Gonçalves Sebastião Jorge da Cunha
Published: July 2023

O vírus da hepatite B é considerado um dos mais transmissíveis do mundo, causando infecções agudas e crônicas na população. Com isso, faz-se necessário estudar a epidemiologia de tal enfermidade nas regiões do Brasil, analisando os casos confirmados e óbitos nos últimos anos. De 2014 a 2018, confirmaram 79.229 casos de hepatite B no Brasil. Dentre menores de 1 ano 495 casos e 1 óbito. Entre 1 a 4 anos 77 casos e 1 óbito, 138 casos e 1 óbito com 5 a 9 anos, 259 diagnósticos e 2 óbitos, de 10 a 14 anos, 2.123 casos e 5 mortes de 15 a 19 anos, 34.451 pessoas diagnosticadas e 180 falecimentos entre 20 e 39 anos, 31.780 casos e 474 mortes de 40 a 59 anos. Para 60 e 69 anos, 7.002 casos e 250 óbitos, 2.327 casos e 155 mortes de 70 a 79 anos e 577 casos e 85 óbitos entre 80 anos ou mais. Na Região Norte foram confirmados 13.157 casos e 259 pessoas faleceram. Na região nordeste, foram 8.900 casos e 316 óbitos. Na região sudeste, 24.560 casos e 344 óbitos. No Sul, 25.767 diagnósticos e 129 mortes. No Centro-Oeste, 6.845 casos e 106 óbitos. Analisando os dados, percebeu-se a prevalência de casos e óbitos em regiões com menor índice socioeconômico e maior população vulnerável, com maior número de infectados entre adultos jovens e não vacinados, e maior mortalidade em idosos. Com isso, é preciso reforçar políticas de prevenção e vacinação em massa para todo país.
Variation and trend of nitrate radical reactivity towards volatile organic compounds in Beijing, China
Authors: Hu Hejun , Wang Haichao , Lu Keding , Wang Jie , Zheng Zelong , Xu Xuezhen , Zhai Tianyu , Chen Xiaorui , Lu Xiao , Fu Wenxing , Li Xin , Zeng Limin , Hu Min , Zhang Yuanhang , Fan Shaojia
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Nitrate radical (NO3) is an important nocturnal atmospheric oxidant in the troposphere that significantly affects the lifetime of
pollutants emitted by anthropogenic and biogenic activities, especially volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, we used 1 year of VOC observation data obtained in urban Beijing in 2019 to look into the level, composition, and seasonal variation in NO3 reactivity (kNO3). We show that hourly kNO3 towards measured VOC varied widely from < 10−4 to 0.083 s−1 with a campaign-average value
(± standard deviation) of 0.0032 ± 0.0042 s−1. There was large seasonal difference in NO3 reactivity towards VOC with averaged values (± standard deviation) of 0.0024±0.0026 s−1 (spring), 0.0067±0.0066 s−1 (summer), 0.0042±0.0037 s−1 (autumn), and 0.0027±0.0028 s−1 (winter). Alkenes such as isoprene and styrene accounted for the majority. Isoprene was the dominant species in spring, summer, and autumn, accounting for 40.0 %, 77.2 %, and 43.2 %, respectively. Styrene only played a leading role in winter, with a percentage of 39.8 %. A sensitivity study shows monoterpenes, the species we did not measure, may account for a large fraction of kNO3. Based on the correlation between the calculated kNO3 and VOC concentrations in 2019, we established localized parameterization schemes for predicting the reactivity by only using a part of VOC species. The historically published VOC data were collected using the parameterization method to reconstruct the long-term kNO3 in Beijing. The lower kNO3 during 2014–2021 compared with that during 2005–2013 may be attributed to anthropogenic VOC emission reduction. Finally, we revealed that NO3 dominated the nocturnal VOC oxidation, with 83 % of the annual average in Beijing in 2019, which varied seasonally and was strongly regulated by the level of kNO3, nitrogen oxide, and ozone. Our results improve the understanding of nocturnal atmospheric oxidation in urban regions and contribute to our knowledge of nocturnal VOC oxidation and secondary organic pollution.
Comparisons and quality control of wind observations in a mountainous city using wind profile radar and the Aeolus satellite
Authors: Lu Hua , Xie Min , Zhao Wei , Liu Bojun , Wang Tijian , Zhuang Bingliang
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Observations of vertical wind in Chongqing, a typical mountainous city in China, are important, but sparse and have low resolution. To obtain more wind profile data, this study matched the Aeolus track with ground-based wind observation sites in Chongqing in 2021. Based on the obtained results, verification and quality control studies were conducted on the wind observations of a wind profile radar (WPR) with radiosonde (RS) data, and a comparison of the Aeolus Mie-cloudy and Rayleigh-clear wind products with WPR data was then performed. The conclusions can be summarized as follows: (1) A clear correlation between the wind observations of WPR and RS was found, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 69.92 %. Their root-mean-square deviation increased with height but decreased by 3–4 km. (2) After quality control of Gaussian filtering (GF) and empirical orthogonal function construction (EOFc, G = 87.23 %) of the WPR data, the R between the WPR and RS reached 76.00 % and 95.44 %, respectively. The vertical distribution showed that GF could better retain the characteristics of WPR wind observations, but with limited improvement in decreasing deviations, whereas EOFc performed better in decreasing deviations, but considerably modified the original characteristics of the wind field, especially regarding intensive vertical wind shear in strong convective weather processes. (3) In terms of the differences between the Aeolus and WPR data, 56.0 % and 67.8 % deviations were observed between ±5 m/s for Rayleigh-clear and Mie-cloudy winds vs. WPR winds, respectively. Vertically, the mean differences of both Rayleigh-clean and Mie-cloudy winds versus WPR winds appeared below 1.5 km, which is attributed to the prevailing quiet and small winds within the boundary layer in Chongqing, such that the movement of molecules and aerosols is mostly affected by irregular turbulence. Additionally, large mean differences of 4–8 km for Mie-cloudy versus WPR winds may be related to the high content of cloud liquid water in the middle troposphere, influenced by the topography of the Tibetan Plateau. (4) The differences in both Rayleigh-clear and Mie-cloudy versus WPR winds had changed. Deviations of 58.9 % and 59.6 % were concentrated between ±5m/s for Rayleigh-clear versus WPR winds with GF and EOFc quality control, respectively. In contrast, 69.1 % and 70.2 % of deviations appeared between ±5 m/s for Rayleigh-clear versus WPR and EOFc WPR winds, respectively. These results shed light on the comprehensive applications of multi-source wind profile data in mountainous cities or areas with sparse ground-based wind observations.
Regional pollen-based Holocene temperature and precipitation patterns depart from the Northern Hemisphere mean trends
Authors: Herzschuh Ulrike , Böhmer Thomas , Chevalier Manuel , Hébert Raphaël , Dallmeyer Anne , Li Chenzhi , Cao Xianyong , Peyron Odile , Nazarova Larisa , Novenko Elena Y. , Park Jungjae , Rudaya Natalia A. , Schlütz Frank , Shumilovskikh Lyudmila S. , Tarasov Pavel E. , Wang Yongbo , Wen Ruilin , Xu Qinghai , Zheng Zhuo
Published: July 2023

Abstract. A mismatch between model- and proxy-based Holocene climate change,
known as the “Holocene conundrum”, may partially originate from the poor spatial coverage of climate reconstructions in, for example, Asia, limiting the number of grid cells for model–data comparisons. Here we investigate hemispheric, latitudinal, and regional mean time series and time-slice anomaly maps of pollen-based reconstructions of mean annual temperature, mean July temperature, and annual precipitation from 1908 records in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. Temperature trends show strong latitudinal patterns and differ between (sub-)continents. While the circum-Atlantic regions in Europe and eastern North America show a pronounced Middle Holocene temperature maximum, western North America shows only weak changes, and Asia mostly shows a continuous Holocene temperature increase. Likewise, precipitation trends show certain regional peculiarities such as the pronounced Middle Holocene precipitation maximum between 40 and 50∘ N in Asia and Holocene increasing trends in Europe and western North America, which can all be linked with Holocene changes in the regional circulation pattern responding to temperature change. Given a background of strong regional heterogeneity, we conclude that the calculation of global or hemispheric means, which initiated the Holocene conundrum debate, should focus more on understanding the spatiotemporal patterns and their regional drivers.
Late Eocene to early Oligocene productivity events in the proto-Southern Ocean as drivers of global cooling and Antarctica glaciation
Authors: Rodrigues de Faria Gabrielle , Lazarus David , Renaudie Johan , Stammeier Jessica , Özen Volkan , Struck Ulrich
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The Eocene-Oligocene transition (ca 40–33 Ma) marks a transformation from an ice-free to an ice-house climate mode that is well recorded by oxygen stable isotopes and sea surface temperature proxies. Opening of the Southern Ocean gateways and decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide have been hypothesised as possible triggers of the major climate shift during the Cenozoic. However, identifying the driving mechanisms remains controversial and depends on a better understanding of how the different environmental changes correlate. In this study, we investigate the spatio-temporal variation in export productivity using biogenic Ba (bio-Ba) from different Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites in the Southern Ocean, focusing on possible mechanisms that controlled them as well as the correlation of export productivity changes to changes in the global carbon cycle. We document two significant SO region high export productivity late-Eocene events (ca. 37 and 33.5 Ma) correlated to pronounced changes in global atmospheric pCO2. We propose that paleoceanographic changes that followed Southern Ocean gateway openings, along with more variable increases in circulation driven by episodic expansion and decline of the Antarctic ice sheet, drove enhanced SO export production in the late Eocene through basal Oligocene. These factors may have driven the episodic reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide and contributed to Antarctic glaciation during the Eocene-Oligocene transition.
Measurement report: Atmospheric nitrate radical chemistry in the South China Sea influenced by the urban outflow of the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Haichao , Tham Yee Jun , Ming Lili , Zheng Zelong , Fang Guizhen , Sun Cuizhi , Ling Zhenhao , Zhao Jun , Fan Shaojia
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Nitrate radical (NO3) is a critical nocturnal atmospheric oxidant in the troposphere, which widely affects the fate of air pollutants and regulates air quality. Many previous works have reported the chemistry of NO3 in inland regions of China, while less study targets marine regions. Here, we present a field measurement of the NO3 reservoir, dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), and related species at a typical marine site (Da Wan Shan Island) located in the South China Sea in the winter of 2021. Two patterns of air masses were captured during the campaign, including the dominant airmass from inland China (IAM) with a percentage of ~84 %, and the airmass from eastern coastal areas (CAM) with ~16 %. During the IAM period, the NO3 production rate reached 1.6 ± 0.9 ppbv h−1 due to the transportation of the polluted urban plume with high NOx and O3. While the average nocturnal N2O5 and the calculated NO3 mixing ratio were 119.5 ± 128.6 pptv and 9.9 ± 12.5 pptv, respectively, and the steady state lifetime of NO3 was 0.5 ± 0.7 min on average, indicating intensive nighttime chemistry and rapid NO3 loss at this site. By examining the reaction of NO3 with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis, we revealed that these two reaction pathways were not responsible for the NO3 loss (< 20 %), since the NO3 reactivity (k(NO3)) towards VOCs was 5.2 × 10−3 s−1 and the aerosol loading was low. NO was proposed to significantly contribute to nocturnal NO3 loss at this site, despite the nocturnal NO concentration was always at sub-ppbv level and near the instrument detection limit. It might be from the local soil emission. We infer that the nocturnal chemical NO3 reactions would be largely enhanced once without NO emission in the open ocean after the air mass passes through this site, thus highlighting the strong influences of the urban outflow to the downward marine areas in terms of nighttime chemistry. During the CAM period, nocturnal ozone was higher, while NOx was much lower. The NO3 production was still very fast, with a rate of 1.2 ppbv h−1. With the absence of N2O5 measurement in this period, the NO3 reactivity towards VOCs and N2O5 uptake were calculated to assess NO3 loss processes. We showed that the average k(NO3) from VOCs (56.5 %, 2.6 ± 0.9 × 10−3 s−1) was also higher than N2O5 uptake (43.5 %, 2.0 ± 1.5 × 10−3 s−1) during the CAM period, indicating a longer NO3/N2O5 lifetime compared with that during IAM period. This measurement improves the understanding of the nocturnal NO3 budget and environmental impacts with the interaction of anthropogenic and natural activities in marine regions.
On the relative role of abiotic and biotic controls on channel network development: insights from scaled tidal flume experiments
Authors: Hautekiet Sarah , Rossius Jan-Eike , Gourgue Olivier , Kleinhans Maarten G. , Temmerman Stijn
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Tidal marshes provide highly valued ecosystem services, which depend on variations in the geometric properties of the tidal channel networks dissecting marsh landscapes. The development and evolution of channel network properties are controlled by abiotic (dynamic flow-landform feedback) and biotic processes (e.g., vegetation-flow-landform feedback). However, the relative role of biotic and abiotic processes, and under which condition one or the other is more dominant, remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of spatio-temporal plant colonization patterns on tidal channel network development through flume experiments. Four scaled experiments mimicking tidal landscape development were conducted in a tidal flume facility: two control experiments without vegetation, a third experiment with hydrochorous vegetation colonization (i.e., seed dispersal via the tidal flow), and a fourth with patchy colonization (i.e., by direct seeding on the sediment bed). Our results show that more dense and efficient channel networks are found in the vegetation experiments, especially in the hydrochorous seeding experiment with slower vegetation colonization. Further, an interdependency between abiotic and biotic controls on channel development can be deduced. Whether biotic factors affect channel network development seems to depend on the force of the hydrodynamic energy and the stage of the system development. Vegetation-flow-landform feedbacks are only dominant in contributing to channel development in places where intermediate hydrodynamic energy levels occur and mainly have an impact during the transition phase from a bare to a vegetated landscape state. Overall, our results suggest a zonal domination of abiotic processes at the seaward side of intertidal basins, while biotic processes dominate system development more towards the landward side.
Transport dynamics in a complex coastal archipelago
Authors: Miettunen Elina , Tuomi Laura , Westerlund Antti , Kanarik Hedi , Myrberg Kai
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The Archipelago Sea (in the Baltic Sea) is characterised by the complex geometry of thousands of islands and steep gradients of the bottom topography. Together with the much deeper Åland Sea, the Archipelago Sea acts as pathway to the water exchange between the neighbouring basins, Baltic proper and Bothnian Sea. We studied circulation and water transports in the Archipelago Sea using a new high-resolution NEMO configuration that covers the Åland Sea–Archipelago Sea area with horizontal resolution of around 500 m. The results show that currents in the area are steered by the geometry of the islands and straits and the bottom topography. Currents are strongest and strongly aligned in the narrow channels in the northern part of the area, the directions alternating between south and north. In more open areas, the currents are weaker with wider directional distribution. During our study period of 2013–2017, southward currents were more frequent in the surface layer. In the bottom layer in areas deeper than 25 m, northward currents dominated in the southern part of the Archipelago Sea, while in the northern part, southward and northward currents were more evenly represented. Due to the variation in current directions, both northward and southward transports occur. During our study period, the net transport in the upper 20 m layer was southward. Below 20 m depth, the net transport was southward at the northern edge and northward at the southern edge of the Archipelago Sea. There were seasonal and inter-annual variation in the transport volumes and directions in the upper layer. Southward transport was usually largest in spring and summer months and northward transport was largest in autumn and winter months. Our results demonstrate the complexity of the transport dynamics in the Archipelago Sea. No single transect can be chosen to represent water transport through the whole area. Further studies on the water exchange processes between the Baltic proper and the Bothnian Sea through the Archipelago Sea would benefit from using a two-way nested model setup for the area.
HydroFATE (v1): A high-resolution contaminant fate model for the global river system
Authors: Ehalt Macedo Heloisa , Lehner Bernhard , Nicell Jim , Grill Günther
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Pharmaceuticals and household chemicals are neither fully consumed nor fully metabolized when routinely used by humans, thereby resulting in the emission of residues down household drains and into wastewater collection systems. Since treatment systems cannot entirely remove these substances from wastewaters, the contaminants from many households connected to sewer systems are continually released into surface waters. Furthermore, diffuse contributions of wastewaters from populations that are not connected to treatment systems can directly (i.e., through surface runoff) or indirectly (i.e., through soils and groundwater) contribute to contaminant concentrations in rivers and lakes. The unplanned and unmonitored release of such contaminants can pose important risks to aquatic ecosystems and ultimately human health. In this work, the contaminant fate model HydroFATE is presented which is designed to estimate the surface-water concentrations of domestically used substances for virtually any river in the world. The emission of compounds is calculated based on per capita consumption rates and population density. A global database of wastewater treatment plants is used to separate the effluent pathways from populations into treated and untreated, and to incorporate the contaminant pathways into the river network. The transport in the river system is simulated while accounting for processes of environmental decay in streams and in lakes. To serve as a preliminary performance evaluation and proof of concept of the model, the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was chosen, due to its widespread use and the availability of input and validation data. The comparison of modelled concentrations against a compilation of reported SMX measurements in surface waters revealed reasonable results despite inherent model uncertainties. A total of 390,000 km of rivers were predicted to have SMX concentrations that exceed environmental risk thresholds. Given the high spatial resolution of predictions, HydroFATE is particularly useful as a screening tool to identify areas of potentially elevated contaminant exposure and to guide where local monitoring and mitigation strategies should be prioritized.
A new daily gridded precipitation dataset for the Chinese mainland based on gauge observations
Authors: Han Jingya , Miao Chiyuan , Gou Jiaojiao , Zheng Haiyan , Zhang Qi , Guo Xiaoying
Published: July 2023

Abstract. High-quality, freely accessible, long-term precipitation estimates with fine
spatiotemporal resolution play essential roles in hydrologic, climatic, and
numerical modeling applications. However, the existing daily gridded
precipitation datasets over China are either constructed with insufficient
gauge observations or neglect topographic effects and boundary effects on
interpolation. Using daily observations from 2839 gauges located across
China and nearby regions from 1961 to the present, this study compared eight
different interpolation schemes that adjusted the climatology based on a
monthly precipitation constraint and topographic characteristic correction,
using an algorithm that combined the daily climatology field with a
precipitation ratio field. Results from these eight interpolation schemes
were validated using 45 992 high-density daily gauge observations from 2015
to 2019 across China. Of these eight schemes, the one with the best
performance merges the Parameter-elevation Regression on Independent Slopes
Model (PRISM) in the daily climatology field and interpolates station
observations into the ratio field using an inverse-distance weighting
method. This scheme had median values of 0.78 for the correlation
coefficient, 8.8 mm d−1 for the root-mean-square deviation, and 0.69 for the
Kling–Gupta efficiency for comparisons between the 45 992 high-density gauge
observations and the best interpolation scheme for the 0.1∘
latitude × longitude grid cells from 2015 to 2019. This scheme had
the best overall performance, as it fully considers topographic effects in
the daily climatology field and it balances local data fidelity and global
fitting smoothness in the interpolation of the precipitation ratio field.
Therefore, this scheme was used to construct a new long-term, gauge-based
gridded precipitation dataset for the Chinese mainland (called
CHM_PRE, as a member of the China Hydro-Meteorology dataset)
with spatial resolutions of 0.5, 0.25, and
0.1∘ from 1961 to the present. This precipitation dataset is
expected to facilitate the advancement of drought monitoring, flood
forecasting, and hydrological modeling. Free access to the dataset can be
found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21432123.v4 (Han and Miao,
2022).
A regional pCO2 climatology of the Baltic Sea from in situ pCO2 observations and a model-based extrapolation approach
Authors: Bittig Henry C. , Jacobs Erik , Neumann Thomas , Rehder Gregor
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Ocean surface pCO2 estimates are of great interest for the calculation of air-sea CO2 fluxes, oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2, and eventually the Global Carbon Budget. They are accessible from direct observations, which are discrete in space and time and thus always sparse, or from biogeochemical models, which only approximate reality. Here, a combined method for the extrapolation of pCO2 observations is presented that uses (1) model-based patterns of variability from an EOF analysis of variability with (2) observational data to constrain EOF pattern amplitudes in (3) an ensemble approach, which locally adjusts the spatial scale of the mapping to the density of the observations. Thus, data-constrained, gap- and discontinuity-free mapped fields including local error estimates are obtained without the need for or dependence on ancillary data (like, e.g., satellite sea surface temperature maps). This extrapolation approach is generic in that it can be applied to any oceanic or coastal region covered by a suitable model and observations. It is used here to establish a regional pCO2 climatology of the Baltic Sea, largely based on ICOS-DE SOOP Finnmaid surface pCO2 observations between Lübeck-Travemünde (Germany) and Helsinki (Finland). The climatology can serve as improved input for atmosphere-ocean CO2 flux estimation in this coastal environment.
Implementation and application of ensemble optimal interpolation on an operational chemistry weather model for improving PM2.5 and visibility predictions
Authors: Li Siting , Wang Ping , Wang Hong , Peng Yue , Liu Zhaodong , Zhang Wenjie , Liu Hongli , Wang Yaqiang , Che Huizheng , Zhang Xiaoye
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Data assimilation techniques are one of the most important
ways to reduce the uncertainty in atmospheric chemistry model input and
improve the model forecast accuracy. In this paper, an ensemble optimal
interpolation assimilation (EnOI) system for a regional online chemical
weather numerical forecasting system (GRAPES_Meso5.1/CUACE)
is developed for operational use and efficient updating of the initial
fields of chemical components. A heavy haze episode in eastern China was
selected, and the key factors affecting EnOI, such as localization
length scale, ensemble size, and assimilation moment, were calibrated by
sensitivity experiments. The impacts of assimilating ground-based PM2.5
observations on the model chemical initial field PM2.5 and visibility
forecasts were investigated. The results show that assimilation of
PM2.5 reduces the uncertainty in the initial PM2.5 field
considerably. Using only 50 % of observations in the assimilation, the root
mean square error (RMSE) of initial PM2.5 for independent verification
sites in mainland China decreases from 73.7 to 46.4 µg m−3, and
the correlation coefficient increases from 0.58 to 0.84. An even larger
improvement appears in northern China. For the forecast fields, assimilation of
PM2.5 improves PM2.5 and visibility forecasts throughout the time
window of 24 h. The PM2.5 RMSE can be reduced by 10 %–21 % within
24 h, and the assimilation effect is the most remarkable in the first 12 h.
Within the same assimilation time, the assimilation efficiency varies with
the discrepancy between model forecasts and observations at the moment of
assimilation, and the larger the deviation, the higher the efficiency. The
assimilation of PM2.5 further contributes to the improvement of the visibility
forecast. When the PM2.5 increment is negative, it corresponds to an
increase in visibility, and when the PM2.5 analysis increment is
positive, visibility decreases. It is worth noting that the improvement of
visibility forecasting by assimilating PM2.5 is more obvious in the
light-pollution period than in the heavy-pollution period. The results
of this study show that EnOI may provide a practical and cost-effective
alternative to the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for the applications where computational cost is the
main limiting factor, especially for real-time operational forecast.
Benchmarking multimodel terrestrial water storage seasonal cycle against GRACE observations over major global river basins
Authors: Bibi Sadia , Zhu Tingju , Rateb Ashraf , Scanlon Bridget R. , Kamran Muhammad Aqeel , Elnashar Abdelrazek , Bennour Ali , Li Ci
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The increasing reliance on global models for evaluating climate and human-induced impacts on the hydrological cycle underscores the importance of assessing their reliability. Hydrological models provide valuable data on ungagged river basins or basins with limited gauge networks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 13 global models using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites total water storage (TWS) seasonal cycle for 29 river basins in different climate zones. Results show that the simulated seasonal total water storage change (TWSC) does not compare well with GRACE even in basins within the same climate zone. The models overestimated the seasonal amplitude in most boreal basins and underestimated it in tropical, arid, and temperate zones. In cold basins, the modeled phase of TWSC precedes that of GRACE by up to 2–3 months. However, it lags the GRACE phase by one month over temperate, arid to semi-arid basins. There was good agreement between GRACE and model amplitudes in the tropical zone. With the findings and analysis, we concluded that R2 models with optimized parametrizations have a better correlation with GRACE than the reverse scenario. This signifies an enhancement in the predictive capability of models regarding the variability of TWSC. The seasonal amplitude and phase-difference analysis in this study provide new insights into the future improvement of large-scale hydrological models and TWS investigations.
Robust trajectory tracking control for collaborative robots based on learning feedback gain self-adjustment
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Chen Mengyuan
Published: July 2023

Abstract. A robust position control algorithm with learning feedback gain automatic adjustment for collaborative robots under uncertainty is proposed, aiming to compensate for the disturbance effects of the system. First, inside the proportional-derivative (PD) control framework, the robust controller is designed based on model and error. All of the model's uncertainties are represented by functions with upper bounds in order to surmount the uncertainties
induced by parameter changes and unmodeled dynamics. Secondly, the feedback
gain is automatically adjusted by learning, so that the control feedback
gain is automatically adjusted iteratively to optimize the desired
performance of the system. Thirdly, the Lyapunov minimax method is used to
demonstrate that the proposed controller is both uniformly bounded and
uniformly ultimately bounded. The simulations and experimental results of the
robot experimental platform demonstrate that the proposed control achieves
outstanding performance in both transient and steady-state tracking. Also,
the proposed control has a simple structure with few parameters requiring adjustment, and no manual setting is required during parameter setting. Moreover, the robustness and efficacy of the robot's trajectory tracking
with uncertainty are significantly enhanced.
Towards real-time optimal control of wind farms using large-eddysimulations
Authors: Janssens Nick , Meyers Johan
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Large-eddy simulations (LES) are commonly considered too slow to serve as a practical wind farm control model. Using coarser grid resolutions, this study examines the feasibility of LES for real-time, receding-horizon control to optimize the overall energy extraction in wind farms. By varying the receding-horizon parameters (i.e. the optimization horizon and control update time) and spatio-temporal resolution of the LES control models, we investigate the trade-off between computational speed and controller performance. The methodology is validated on the TotalControl Reference Power Plant using a fine-grid LES model as a wind farm emulator. Analysis of the resulting power gains reveals that the performance of the controllers is primarily determined by the receding-horizon parameters, whereas the grid resolution has minor impact on the overall power extraction. By leveraging these insights, we achieve near-parity between our LES-based controller and real-time computational speed, while still maintaining competitive power gains up to 40 %.
HEAVY METALS IN SOIL AND SOME ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS OF ALEXANDRA LAND ISLAND (FRANZ JOSEF LAND)
Authors:   Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, POGOZHEVA M. P. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Tomsk State University, CHEKMENEVA N. A. ,   Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, DOLGOVA A. O. ,   Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, MATVEEVA I. S. ,   Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, BABKIN E. M. ,   Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tyumen Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, SYSOLYATIN R. G. ,   Mel’nikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2023

The concentrations and accumulation of heavy metals in Arctic permafrost soil, as well as snow, ice, riverine, and sea water of Alexandra Land Island (the Franz Josef Land Archipelago) were studied in the framework of the UMKA-2021 integrated Arctic expedition of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Russian Geographic Society. The content of heavy metals in Arctic soils on Alexandra Land, including the most hazardous ones, such as cadmium and lead, was low, no MPC exceeding was found. At the same time, increased concentrations of manganese were detected. The concentrations of heavy metals in water, snow, and ice samples corresponded to the natural background for tundra and the Arctic zone.
Evaluation of a Muslim Pre-School in the United States Using Elements of the Ofsted Model
Authors: Elannani Hassan
Published: July 2023

This article reviewed the Ofsted inspection model in England and reported on its implementation in a Muslim pre-school located in an American southeastern state. The inspection methods included classroom observations, interviews with staff, parent survey, and scrutiny of artifacts. After the pre-school was inspected and the feedback was given to the administration orally and in a detailed written report, an improvement plan was developed by the author to address the inspection recommendations. The results of the inspection showed that implementing elements of the Ofsted inspection model in the pre-school contributed to overall educational improvement. A follow-up communication with the administration showed that curriculum changes were made, teachers were provided with more professional development opportunities, and their teaching practices had improved. Considering these findings, this study demonstrated that there was an alignment between the mission of the pre-school and the parents’ aspirations; and that an educational accountability system such as the Ofsted inspection model have had a positive impact on the educational provision even though not all elements of the inspection model were implemented, many of which require a team of inspectors and a quality assurance mechanism.
Eight Key Areas in Need of In-Depth Examination in the Field of Psychosocial Adaptation to Chronic Illness and Disability
Authors: Livneh Hanoch
Published: July 2023

The primary aim of this brief paper is to suggest fertile research areas that could serve to both navigate and enrich our understanding of psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability (PACID). More specifically, the paper seeks to outline broadly, for future consideration, eight such areas that span a wide range of theoretical and research venues.

Included are, first, PACID-associated domains based on concepts that may be regarded as predictors, as well as moderators and mediators, of PACID. These include concepts such as duration of CID, level of existing psychological energy (e.g., motivation, vigor), presence of denial, and the influence of early-in-life, single, and cumulative traumatic events. Second, consideration of concepts embedded in the adaptation process itself is offered, including personal perceptions and beliefs about CID impact, such as illness intrusion and self-identity; the nature and unfolding of personal growth following onset of CID; and more generally, the inherent veracity of models advocating imminent psychological growth following traumatic experiences, including the onset of CID.
Awareness, Interest, and Desire: A Comparative Analysis of Modern and Traditional Advertisement to Influence Consumer Buying Behavior
Authors: Askaree Mansoor Waqas , Arif Abdur Rehman , Durrani Shahzada Muhammad Emaad Khan
Published: July 2023

Advertising is the most common means of communicating with consumers and a method for gaining their attention. This study is founded on a comparison of the awareness, interest, desire, and decision-making characteristics of digital and traditional advertising. This research was carried out in Shaheed Benazirabad. Exact sample size was 250 and responses were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. The T-test and ANOVA were utilized to analyze the data. Significant variations and disparities among variables and enormous market effects are revealed by the findings. As the variables are significant to one another and the result demonstrates a positive relationship, it may be useful for future research and for informing marketing strategies and promotional techniques.
Konsep Aritmetika pada Perubahan Kata Bahasa Arab
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Mukmin Mukmin , Eltika Listia
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan kata ditinjau dari perspektif aritmetika yang terjadi, baik perubahan secara klasifikasi kata ataupun hanya perubahan dari segi pengguna (fa’il) dari kata kerja tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan library research karena fokus penelitian adalah 29 wazan yang terdapat dalam morfologi bahasa arab. Adapun analisisnya adalah penjabaran terkait pola aritmetika yang terdapat dalam wazan kata bahasa arab. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa derivasi (tashrif ishtilahy) terdiri tambahan huruf yang berada di awal, di tengah dan di akhir kata, penambahan huruf bersifat variatif jumlahnya, ada yang mendapatkan tambahan satu huruf, ada yang mendapatkan tambahan dua huruf, dan tambahan tiga huruf, tambahan ini membuat perubahan makna yang cukup signifikan, walaupun secara rumpun masih memiliki akar kata yang sama. Pada pengurangan huruf hanya tiga huruf yang dikurangi yaitu huruf illat. Sedangkan pada proses perkalian terdapat salah satu huruf yang digandakan berupa tasydid setelah sebelumnya kata tersebut ditambahkan beberapa huruf tertentu. Pada proses infleksi, huruf yang ditambahkan adalah huruf yang menunjukkan banyaknya pelaku dari kata kerja dan jenis kelamin dari pelaku tersebut, sedangkan pada kata benda perubahan terdapat di jamak taksir yang mana perubahan itu dipengaruhi oleh wazan tertentu.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Reciprocal Teaching untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Antusiasme Belajar
Authors: Afdhal Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Pembelajaran berbasis reciprocal teaching dapat diterapkan sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan antusiasme belajar karena memberikan peluang kepada peserta didik untuk mengeksplorasi secara bebas namun terarah terhadap ide-ide melalui strategi-strategi kognitif meliputi: klarifikasi, prediksi, membuat pertanyaan, dan merangkum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan antusiasme belajar matematika peserta didik melalui penerapan pembelajaran berbasis reciprocal teaching. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 24 Kota Bengkulu tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 sebanyak 29 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu: (1) Lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran; (2) Tes kemampuan berpikir kritis; (3) Angket antusiasme belajar peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terjadi peningkatan persentase keterlaksanaan pembelajaran pada siklus 1 sebesar 28,7% pada pertemuan 1 dan 100% pada pertemuan 2 ke siklus 2 sebesar 100%; (2) Terjadi peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik dari pra tindakan ketuntasan klasikal 0%, ke siklus 1 ketuntasan klasikal 72, 41%, dan pada akhir siklus 2 ketuntasan klasikal 79,31%; (3) Terjadi peningkatan antusiasme belajar peserta didik yang mulanya 48% pada kriteria tinggi dan 52% kriteria sedang menjadi 20,69% peserta didik kriteria sangat tinggi 62, 07% kriteria tinggi, dan 17, 24 kriteria sedang di akhir siklus 2.