bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rondom zakendoen en risicobeheer: kasgeld in Nederlandse bedrijven
Authors: Westerman Wim
Published: November 2021

Als bedrijven meer zaken doen, hebben ze ook relatief meer liquiditeiten (“kasgeld”) nodig. Maar ook als ze meer risico hebben kan dat het geval zijn, vooral na de wereldwijde financiële crisis van 2008/09. De Nederlandse kasratio (kasgeld/activa) blijkt weliswaar in belangrijke mate stabiel te zijn, maar past zich vertraagd bij omstandigheden aan. Sommige bedrijfsspecifieke factoren doen er daarbij toe: de bedrijfsomvang, het niveau van het werkkapitaal en de marktwaarde versus boekwaarde ratio. De genoemde effecten worden aangetoond in een steekproef van beursgenoteerde bedrijven met hoofdkantoren in Nederland, waarbij er onderscheid wordt gemaakt tussen de jaren 2002–2009 en 2010–2018. Het idee dat het liquiditeitsbeheer steeds meer een onderdeel is geworden van het financieel risicobeheer in plaats van andersom is gewettigd vanwege de onverwachte positieve invloed van werkkapitaal en de invloed van volatiliteit van kasstromen op de kasratio na de financiële crisis.
Openbaarmaking van het bestuursverslag door rechtspersonen in Nederland; duurzaamheid en XBRL vragen om deponeren bestuursverslag bij het handelsregister
Authors: ter Hoeven Ralph
Published: November 2021

In dit essay wordt betoogd dat het bestuursverslag gedeponeerd dient worden bij het handelsregister zoals dat ook geldt voor de jaarrekening en de daarbij gevoegde controleverklaring. Momenteel is het conform Titel 9 Boek 2 BW ook mogelijk het bestuursverslag ter inzage van een ieder op het kantoor van de rechtspersoon te leggen respectievelijk de rechtspersoon te verzoeken het bestuursverslag op te sturen. Deze vorm van openbaarmaking blijkt in de praktijk niet goed te werken. Ook vanwege andere ontwikkelingen zoals standaardisering en digitalisering respectievelijk het belang van de in het bestuursverslag opgenomen duurzaamheidsinformatie, dienen alle openbaar te maken jaarstukken via het handelsregister te worden gepubliceerd. Dit vereist slechts een kleine wetswijziging.
Synthesis of C,N,S-tridoped TiO2 distribute onto silicone for photocatalytic on degradation of tetracycline under visible light irradiation
Authors: Le Thi Thanh Thuy  , Huynh Thanh Tung  , Nguyen Phi Hung
Published: November 2021

Using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur sourced from thiourea to co-doped TiO2 (C,N,S-TiO2), was prepared via hydrothermal method using precursors of titanyl sulfate TiOSO4, obtained by decomposition of ilmenite ore in Binh Dinh. The material used to make the substrate is glass and distributed onto it is silicone and photocatalytic. The structure and properties of materials system were investigated by modern physicochemical analysis methods including scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, diffuse reﬂection spectroscopy UV-Vis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and nitrogen isothermal adsorption. The photocatalytic ability of materials system after being carried by silicone is demonstrated by decomposing tetracycline (10 mg/L) in aqueous solution with the yield more than 88% efficiency after 6 hours under visible light irradiation. The optimum dose of the photocatalyst was 0.6 g/L under visible light irradiation. The results indicated that C, N, S co-doped TiO2 demonstrated the highest photocatalytic efficiency and a perspective recyclable potential when it is distributed onto silicone.
Synthesis of material MOFs (Fe-BTC) by mechanic-chemical method and its application in the reactive dye degradation
Authors: Vu Anh Tuan  , Vu Thi Hoa  , Nguyen Ba Manh  , Le Ha Giang  , Pham Thi Thu Trang  , Nguyen Thi Thanh Hoa  , Truong Cong Doanh  , Bui Manh Tai
Published: November 2021

Nano Fe-BTC materials were successfully synthesized by mechanical chemical grinding method. Samples were characterized by X-ray difraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption–desorption, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). SEM image of Fe-BTC-60 showed the particle size of 40–60 nm. Fe-BTC nanocomposites were tested for the photocatalytic degradation of reactive yellow 145 (RY-145) in aqueous solution. Fe-BTC composites exhibited high photocatalytic activity. Thus, at pH of 3 and high initial concentration of 100 mg RY-145/L, removal efficiency reached the value of 97.45% after 90 min of reaction.
Study on synthesis of Metal-organic Framework ZIF-67 and Its application as an absorbent for Remazol Deep Black (RDB) removal from aqueous media
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu  , Tran Vinh Thien
Published: November 2021

In this work, zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(ZIF-67) was synthesized by using microwave-assisted method. The obtained ZIF-67 was characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal gravity analysis (TG). The microwave-assisted method enabled to fabricate ZIF-67 with high yield rate and high specific surface areas of 1935 m2/g in relatively short time as compared to hydrothermal and solvothermal approaches. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were utilized to determine the adsorption capacity of ZIF-67. It was found that the adsorption capacity of ZIF-67 for RDB could be as high as 123,5 mg/g.
Results of research, application of chemical systems for bottom-hole zone treatment to improve the efficiency of oil explosion at Vietsovpetro
Authors: Le Van Cong  , Nguyen Quoc Dung  , Nguyen Van Ngo  , Dao Quoc Tuy  , Do Thanh Trung
Published: November 2021

The bottom-hole zone treatment to eliminate contaminating materials is one of the most effective measures to improve oil and gas exploitation efficiency. At Joint Venture Vietsovpetro, in addition to utilizing of traditional acid systems to treat the bottom-hole zone, researchs and applications of new technologies have been conducted to improve treatment efficiency, especially for wells with specific conditions and wells which are entering the final stage of exploitation. In this report, the results of research and assessments of the effectiveness of the chemical systems currently used by Vietsovpetro and the results of research and applications of some new technological solutions in this field in the period 2015-2019 will be presented
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes synthesis from methane using a stainless steel foils as a catalyst
Authors: Huynh Minh Thuan  , Nguyen Sura  , Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan  , Nguyen Manh Huan  , Do Pham Noa Uy  , Nguyen Anh Thu Hang  , Nguyen Cong Danh  , Nguyen Huu Luong  , Nguyen Cat Tien
Published: November 2021

In this study, a thin stainless-steel foil was used as a catalyst for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using methane as a carbon source via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Our results revealed that pre-treatment step of the catalyst plays an important role in CNT formation. In our experiments, a catalyst pre-treatment temperature of 850 oC have been found to facilitate the surface roughness and provide more active nucleation sites for CNTs formation. Multiwalled CNTs with 6 layers, their diameters of 10 – 20 nm and their length of app. 300 nm were grown. This finding might lead to a process for improving the quality of MWCNTs grown on steel foil as catalyst.
Study on the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using hydrogel glucomannan/graphene oxide
Authors: Le Lam Son  , Nguyen Vinh Phu  , Le Trung Hieu  , Le Thua Tan  , Dang Thi Thanh Nhan  , Nguyen Hai Phong  , Tran Thi Van Thi
Published: November 2021

Glucomannan/graphene oxide (GM/GO) hydrogel was synthesized by using calcium hydroxide as the crosslinker. The synthesized material was characterized by using IR, XRD, SEM, EDX and RAMAN technology. The composite hydrogel was used for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solution. The results showed that the GM/GO hydrogel had a porous structure and a high adsorption capacity toward methylene blue (MB). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model could fit the rate equation of MB adsorption onto the GM/GO hydrogel. The adsorption of MB onto GM/GO hydrogel was a spontaneous process. In addition, the equilibrium adsorption isotherm data indicated that equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum dye adsorption capacity was 198,69 mg.g-1. Moreover, the hydrogel was stable and easily recovered and adsorption capacity was around 97% of the initial saturation adsorption capacity after being used five times.
Synthesis of Fe/H-ZSM-5 material by chemical vapor deposition method and its application for degradation of reactive dye
Authors: Pham Thi Thu Giang  , Nguyen Ke Quang  , Duong Anh Thanh  , Nguyen Ba Manh
Published: November 2021

Fe containing nano ZSM-5 composites (Fe/H-ZSM-5) were successfully prepared by chemical vapor deposition method.  The physical properties of Fe/H-ZSM-5 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET) analysis. Effects of pH and H2O2 concentration were investigated. The best conditions were found to be pH of 3; 0.3 g.L−1 catalyst and reaction time of 60 min at room temperature. The novel Fe/H-ZSM-5 composite exhibited highly photocatalytic performance of RR-195 degradation and the conversion reached to the value of 92.3 % for after 60 min of reaction.
Effect of operation paramaters on the filtration behavior in microfiltratration of TiO2 suspended
Authors: Pham Duc Chinh  , Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy  , Bui Thi Tham  , Phan Ngoc Quang  , Pham Manh Cuong  , Nguyen Minh Tan
Published: November 2021

The photocatalytic reaction using TiO2 suspended to degrade the residues of toxic organic compounds has been extensively studied, but the ultilization of this process has not been recorded on an industrial scale. One of the primary reasons is the separation of TiO2 catalyst from the treated solution mixture. Conventional mechanical separation methods such as centrifugation, flocculation-deposition do not allow for thorough separation and catalytic reuse, whereas the microfiltration / ultrafiltration membrane process has been demonstrated to be capable of composting isolates very suspended particles. Accordingly, in this study, an experimental system separating TiO2-P25 suspension by microfiltration membrane 0.2 µm on laboratory scale was set up. Effects of operating factors: TiO2 concentration, pH value, transmembrane pressure and crosss flow velocity were investigated. Result shown that TiO2 concentration greater than 1 g / l will fundamentally diminish the permeate flux, futhermore, in the transmembrane  pressure differential (∆P) fluctuating from 0.3 to 1.2 bar, the relationship between J and ∆P is a linear relationship. In addition, the study likewise shown that the formation of the cake layer (scale) on the membrane surface is the fundamental driver of the permeate flux degradation over time. These results are the basis for integrating membrane and photocatalytic processes into a complete system for degradation toxic organic compound residues.
Synthesis of ZIF-67- Effect of solvent on the structure
Authors: Tuong Kieu Lien  , Hoang Van Duc  , Nguyen Le My Linh  , Nguyen Thi Anh Thu
Published: November 2021

In the present paper, ZIF-67 material was synthesized from cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate and 2-methyl imidazole in three different solvents (methanol, ethanol and acetone) at room temperature. The obtained samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. The results show that the synthesized ZIF-67 materials had a high purity, nano-size, and uniformity with the sharp dodecahedrons structure of ZIF-67. Solvents had an influence on the size and nature of the ZIF-67 crystal. The average crystalline size of the nanoparticles calculated by Scherrer equation were 64 nm for sample in acetone solvent, 128 nm for sample in ethanol solvent and 132 nm for sample in methanol solvent. The obtained samples had high thermal stability (> 320 °C). The ZIF-67 material with ethanol solvent had a high specific surface area (SBET) of 1506 m2/g. The synthesized samples exhibited better adsorption capacity of methyl oranges than that of rhodamine B.
Evaluation of photocatalytic activities in decomposition of methylene blue in aqueous solution of Mn-ZIF-8 and Mn@Zn
Authors: Nguyen Trung Hieu  , Pham Dinh Du
Published: November 2021

In the present study, manganese modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Mn-ZIF-8) and zinc-manganese bimetallic oxides (denoted as Mn@Zn), which was formed by Mn-ZIF-8 heat treatment, had been prepared and applied as photocatalysts to decompose methylene blue (MB) under UV radiation. The influence of manganese content on the structure of ZIF-8, as well as the temperature and heat treatment time of Mn-ZIF-8 material to produce Mn@Zn with high photocatalytic activity was investigated. Results showed that all Mn-ZIF-8 samples have photocatalytic activity, but the MB decomposition efficiency of Mn-ZIF-8 samples were lower than pure ZIF-8. The suitable condition for heat treatment of Mn-ZIF-8 to produce Mn@Zn with high photocatalytic activity was at 500 ºC for 5 hours. However, the MB decomposition efficiency of this sample only reached 22% after 180 minutes of UV radiation.
REVO4 (RE=La, Pr, Nd) nanocrystals: Synthesis and investigation of photocatalytic degradation of some dyes
Authors: Nguyen Van Hai  , Nguyen Thi Huong
Published: November 2021

In this, work, a series of REVO4 (RE = La, Pr, Nd) nanoparticles were successfully fabricated by the hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized REVO4 nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The photocatalytic activities of obtained products were investigated by photodegradation of moderacid red RS and direct yellow GX under visible light. The NdVO4 photocatalyst showed higher discoloration of organic dyes than LaVO4 and PrVO4. About 64% moderacid red RS was degraded within 150 minutes catalyzed by the catalyst NdVO4.
Study of making the SnO2/Sb2O3 membrane mixture on aluminum metal base as insulation and heat transfer material
Authors: Mai Huu Thuan  , Tran Manh Hai
Published: November 2021

SnO2 materials are attracting the attention of many scientists, because nano-sized SnO2 materials are applied to sensor, new energy, semiconductors field, etc. A typical application when coating SnO2/Sb2O3 on aluminum substrates is as a thermally conductive insulating material for electronic components such as  IC cooling, microprocessors, leds, .... When changing factors such as pH solution, dipping time, calcination and calcination temperature, the structure and morphology also change, leading to changes in physico-chemical properties. The research on synthesizing nano SnO2/Sb2O3 (0.6%) by hydrothermal method brings very good results because this material has both insulating ability and high chemical and electrochemical strength, low toxicity to environment.
Aluminum base is a material with mechanical strength (plasticity, malleability), high chemical resistance, good heat dissipation. When coated with SnO2/Sb2O3 on an aluminum base, this material can become a heatsink integrated board for accessories and electronic equipment (resistance value from 5÷ 15MW, thermal conductivity reaching 93.4% efficiency).
Efficient synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes by the alkylation of indoles with alcohols using heterogeneous CuFe2O4 catalyst
Authors: Ha Minh Tuan  , Bui Hoang Yen  , Nguyen Ngoc Khanh  , Ngo Thi Thuan  , Tran Quang Hung  , Vu Xuan Hoan  , Dang Thanh Tuan
Published: November 2021

Bis(3-indolyl)methanes (BIM) are highly valuable and appear in the core structure of many natural products and pharmacologically active compounds (anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, antimetastatic, antimicrobial, etc.). Herein, we have disclosed an air stable and highly efficient CuFe2O4 heterogeneous catalyst for alkylation of indoles with alcohols to give bis(3-indolyl)methanes in very good yields. The CuFe2O4 catalyst has been found to be magnetically recycled at least five times without losing significant catalytic activity.
A Window of Our Own: Towards a Quantum Research Ontology
Authors: Storberg-Walker Julia
Published: November 2021

This article introduces the idea of quantum research as a way of approaching inquiry in spiritual/intuitive domains. This form of research combines scholarly and analytical knowledge with non-rational, non-analytical experiencing variously called direct/intuitive experiences
(Tsao and Laszlo, 2019) or holistic consciousness (Goethe, in Bortoft, 1996). The article is written differently (Vachhani, 2019), and combines quantum theorizing with findings from an empirical postmodern text deconstruction study. The theorizing and empirical findings illuminate the beliefs,
values, and norms of the Newtonian paradigm that continue to marginalize a quantum ontological perspective. Through a bricolage (Rogers, 2012) of interdisciplinary literature combined with findings from the postmodern (Beiser, 2011) deconstruction/imaginal study, the incommensurability between
the Newtonian paradigm and quantum ontology is exposed. The bricolage illuminates the challenges and opportunities for legitimizing a quantum view of research. The article concludes with recommendations for future quantum research; for building a new window of our own.
Twelve Principles to Guide a Long-Overdue Paradigm Shift
Authors: Rimanoczy Isabel , Llamazares Ana Maria
Published: November 2021

If human behaviors are associated with climate change, it relates to how we consume, entertain, travel, do business, relate to "natural resources", to ourselves and to each other. The authors posit that human behaviors are but the visible tip of the iceberg, sustained underwater by
a voluminous mass comprised of our values, beliefs, assumptions, the anchors of our identity and shared paradigms. They trace back the history of a shared paradigm that has become dysfunctional and introduce the Sustainability Mindset Principles - a scaffolding to address the complexity of
the paradigm. This paper describes how the dysfunctional paradigm can be brought back into balance by developing neglected aspects of a Western-Northern worldview that has been shaping our behaviors for centuries. By naming these aspects, the authors propose a language to incite the readers'
imagination of what is possible. Naming creates reality.
The Science of Life and Wellbeing: Integrating the New Science of Consciousness with the Ancient Science of Consciousness
Authors: Tsao Frederick Chavalit
Published: November 2021

Humanity is in the midst of a major shift. To tackle the many challenges that face us, we will need a collective shift in consciousness — a shift from a worldview of separateness to a worldview of interconnectedness. This essay explores the interweaving of quantum science and
ancient Chinese culture and examines how these two paradigms provide us a sense of how we are collectively evolving to higher levels of consciousness. A vision of this new era is described in detail, including how culture, models, values, economic structures, the systems of environmental restoration,
education, healthcare, and food production will all change, creating a new way of living. The leaders who can help manifest this vision are called Quantum Leaders, and they must first experience their own shift in consciousness in order to lead this societal transformation.
Povos indígenas em Dourados-MS: reflexões geográficas a partir de notícias de jornais
Authors: Janú de Lima Mateus , Vieira Além Yuri Gabriel
Published: November 2021

A cidade de Dourados - Mato Grosso do Sul, e a região à qual ela pertence, são conhecidas como celeiros do agronegócio. Junto a essa imagem agroexportadora muito aclamada por alguns setores da sociedade, existe uma série de realidades que complexificam o que parece ser simples, uniforme e resolvido. O progresso capitalista se defronta com a existência de povos indígenas e seus modos distintos de existirem, e o resultado é um conjunto de relações, embates, contradições e distopias. Procuramos adentrar essa complexidade analisando três notícias de jornais digitais locais, relacionadas a situações envolvendo indígenas. A partir delas buscamos captar elementos que servissem como articuladores para reconhecimento do contexto geográfico. Nessa correlação de interesses e lutas travadas diariamente de formas múltiplas, de um lado há povos resistindo e de outro forças modernizadoras tentando os exterminar ou assimilar. A história de Dourados corre junto à história desses conflitos, por mais que as narrativas hegemônicas afirmem o contrário. As situações geográficas cotidianas nos mostram isso. As narrativas hegemônicas também tentam tirar dos indígenas a condição de sujeitos, e imprimi-los numa condição espacial passiva. Todavia, os povos indígenas mostram diariamente que existem ainda hoje porque conquistaram isso no decorrer do espaço e do tempo, com suas estratégias, negociações, erros e acertos.
A estrangeirização da terra na Paraíba: territorialidades, agentes e dinâmicas
Authors: Iza Pereira Lorena
Published: November 2021

A estrangeirização da terra corresponde a um processo de controle do território (a partir das múltiplas dimensões e escalas) por agentes estrangeiros com o objetivo de garantir a acumulação do capital. Historicamente a estrangeirização no Brasil tem sido materializada mediante diferentes arranjos, porém com o mesmo objetivo. No século XXI, diante da convergência de múltiplas crises e mudanças geopolíticas globais, as dinâmicas da estrangeirização são renovadas. A região Nordeste, embora seja menos expressiva em termos de hectares sob propriedade de estrangeiros (segundo dados oficiais), apresenta uma complexidade ímpar, especialmente por se tratar de uma área de fronteira da apropriação de recurso e, a Paraíba, segue o mesmo sentido. O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar como a estrangeirização da terra se materializa na Paraíba no século XXI. A partir de metodologias como levantamento e sistematização de dados e pesquisa documental, é possível concluir que o capital estrangeiro por meio da compra, arrendamento e concessões, tem controlado a terra para acessar diferentes recursos, impactando diferentes modos de vida do campo paraibano.
O setor agropecuário no Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Barreto Filho Boanerges De Freitas
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir o papel do Setor Agropecuário na economia potiguar. Foram realizadas pesquisa bibliográfica e em bases de dados do IBGE. Os resultados indicam a redução do número de estabelecimentos rurais no estado; os dados levantados apontam tendências declinantes de quantidades produzidas e de produtividade de culturas tradicionais do estado, como milho, feijão e mandioca; mostram a existência de alguns cultivos mais dinâmicos, porém espacialmente concentrados em áreas de irrigação e na Região Geográfica Intermediária de Natal e; demonstram a redução do rebanho de bovinos. Conclui-se que, ao longo do tempo, a Agropecuária já desempenhou papel relevante na economia potiguar, contudo, o setor perdeu importância na economia estadual e tem apresentado uma participação modesta, tornando-se um estado importador de produtos agropecuários, alguns dos quais típicos da região.
Trabalho escravo contemporâneo rural na Bahia
Authors: Santana Aurelane Alves
Published: November 2021

A atual horda de escravizados, que realiza o trabalho escravo nas empresas capitalistas, é miscigenada e características como cor da pele, gênero e/ou origem da força de trabalho já não são considerados critérios que determinam a massa dos sujeitos que serão submetidos à situação de degradação laboral. No meio rural brasileiro, o modelo de modernização da agricultura trouxe, junto às benesses da ciência, a intensificação da exploração do trabalho na forma do trabalho análogo ao de escravo nos territórios do agronegócio. Na Bahia, a prática da escravidão contemporânea pode ser observada, principalmente, no Oeste do estado, onde a produção da soja e do algodão é proeminente, e nas áreas destinadas à cafeicultura, localizadas na microrregião do Planalto da Conquista. Nesse contexto, busca-se a compreensão da reprodução da escravidão contemporânea nesses locais, levando em consideração a estruturação desse fenômeno dentro do sistema capitalista, que redefine antigas relações de produção para subordiná-las à sua reprodução. Os elementos teóricos e dados apresentados no decorrer do texto versarão sobre a qualificação e quantificação da ocorrência da prática do trabalho escravo no campo da Bahia, de modo que possam fomentar discussões que contribuam para a construção do pensamento crítico sobre o alastramento da escravidão contemporânea no rural brasileiro. Para tanto, serão utilizadas bibliografias sobre a temática e dados da Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT) e Censo Agropecuário (2006).
O papel do estado e do campesinato na condução de políticas públicas para a produção e a comercialização camponesa: análise a partir dos circuitos curtos de comercialização
Authors: Leme Simone Maria
Published: November 2021

Neste artigo, pretende-se discutir o papel do Estado e do campesinato na condução de políticas públicas para a produção e a comercialização camponesa. A participação do campesinato na produção de alimentos é um tema debatido por muitos autores que analisam a reprodução camponesa no capitalismo. As estratégias de comercialização dos produtos do campesinato são instrumentos importantes para a reprodução desses sujeitos sociais, enquanto classe, que lutam constantemente para permanecer na terra de trabalho. A participação do campesinato em circuitos curtos de comercialização garante a reprodução deles, mediante a geração de renda, considerando a venda direta no mercado local. Esse mecanismo também colabora para alcançar a chamada soberania alimentar, tendo em vista a garantia do direito de produção de alimentos para o autoconsumo da família camponesa e a venda no mercado local. No Brasil, as políticas públicas para o campo privilegiam grandes grupos econômicos, em detrimento dos camponeses. Assim sendo, somente a partir da ação política de movimentos camponeses tem-se a criação de leis e programas destinados ao campo. Apreende-se que o Estado, na formulação de suas políticas, exclui qualquer possibilidade de atendimento ao campesinato. Dessa forma, a principal reivindicação dos movimentos é por ações do poder público. Porém, o Estado pode criar meios para combater os movimentos, provocando a diminuição ou a extinção de suas ações. Entende-se que mesmo em momentos de repressão das lutas camponesas, esses sujeitos sociais são capazes de desenvolver várias estratégias para seu contínuo processo de reprodução.
Mobilidade do trabalho camponês em Itabaiana/Sergipe
Authors: Costa Juliana Lima da , Sergio Marleide Maria Santos
Published: November 2021

Este escrito visa analisar a mobilidade do trabalho camponês no munícipio de Itabaiana/SE. O munícipio, localizado no Agreste Sergipano, é reconhecido como um “celeiro agrícola”. Mas, apesar de forte base agrícola, atualmente o município se caracteriza como predominantemente urbano, pois 77% de sua população reside na cidade. Seguindo uma tendência mundial, a população rural vem decrescendo, resultando no esvaziamento do campo e inchaço urbano. Em Itabaiana, nota-se que muitos dos camponeses que migram para a cidade não se desfazem de suas terras e continuam a trabalhar em seus sítios. Com o avanço do capitalismo verifica-se a consolidação da propriedade privada e a submissão cada vez maior dos indivíduos aos seus ditames. Dessa forma a sociedade molda-se seguindo sua lógica, produzindo espaços que garantam e intensifiquem a acumulação de capital. A mobilidade do trabalho é introduzida no modo de produção capitalista, como a condição de exercício da liberdade de se deixar sujeitar ao Capital. No entanto, a mobilidade do trabalho camponês nesse trabalho é analisada como uma forma de resistência, visto que os camponeses mesmo residindo na cidade, continuam a trabalhar nos seus sítios reproduzindo seu modo de vida na terra. Para atingir o objetivo do texto fez-se necessário a realização de levantamentos bibliográficos e trabalhos de campo. Por fim, compreendemos a necessidade de observar e entender esse processo a partir das próprias contradições do desenvolvimento capitalista.
Campesinato, Agronegócio e Trabalho no Brasil e no México
Authors: Machado Angela Dos Santos , Borquez Luciano Concheiro
Published: November 2021

Os camponeses são impactados pela agricultura capitalista, pelas políticas neoliberais e pela forma como os países estão inseridos na divisão internacional do trabalho. Neste artigo, discutimos essas questões com o exemplo do Valle de San Quintín, localizado no estado de Baja California, no México, e do Pontal do Paranapanema, em São Paulo, Brasil. Nesses territórios de domínio do agronegócio, buscamos compreender como se entrelaçam a questão agrária, o trabalho e a determinação social do processo saúde-doença. A abordagem teórico-metodológica consistiu na revisão bibliográfica, no trabalho de campo e na produção de entrevistas com trabalhadoras e trabalhadores camponeses de ambos os países. Os resultados alcançados demonstram que por trás da imagem de modernidade das empresas do agronegócio, há trabalho precário e degradante, seja através da intensificação da jornada laboral, seja pelo uso de novas tecnologias, seja pela combinação de ambas. Mas, também há resistências e experiências que demonstram as disputas e relações de poder constituintes dos territórios.
Roupagens da precarização do trabalho alienado no processo de beneficiamento da castanha de caju
Authors: Costa Katinei Santos
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a exploração e a alienação da força de trabalho precarizada no processo de beneficiamento da castanha de caju no agreste sergipano. O capital para garantir seu ciclo acumulativo cria e recria novas/velhas formas de explorar a força de trabalho que é a única fonte de riqueza do sistema capitalista. Em todas as fases e formas de organização do trabalho no beneficiamento da castanha de caju, pode-se observar a não compreensão dos trabalhadores de sua condição de explorado e da dimensão da riqueza material da castanha de caju, que confere a atividade de beneficiamento da castanha de caju a característica de trabalho alienado, em que o capital transforma o trabalho em meio de subsistência humana sob as mais diversas formas de exploração. A precarização da força de trabalho é necessária para aumentar o domínio e o controle do capital que se apropria do produto e do trabalho exteriorizado de forma tão perversa que impedem o trabalhador de se realizar, esse apenas sobrevive de forma precarizada.
A Child-friendly Family Education in the Perspective of Psychology
Authors: Nurhayati Eti
Published: November 2021

Pendidikan keluarga merupakan pendidikan yang pertama dan utama bagi anak usia dini, di mana sebagian besar waktunya berada di lingkungan keluarga. Fungsi keluarga sebagai wahana pengasuhan, pendidikan, sosialisasi, mengembangkan kemampuan, dan membangun kebiasaan-kebiasaan positif bagi anak-anak. Orangtua adalah orang yang pertama dan utama yang harus bertanggung jawab menciptakan lingkungan kondusif, yang religious, memberi teladan kepada anak-anaknya agar mereka tumbuh menjadi anak sholih dan sholihah, berakhlak mulia, berguna bagi agama, nusa, dan bangsa. Mengasuh, membesarkan, dan mendidik anak-anak yang dilakukan oleh orangtua, ayah dan ibu secara bersinergi harus dengan kasih sayang, kesabaran, ketelatenan, keikhlasan, dukungan material dan moral, pengorbanan, dan berusaha menciptakan keamanan, kenyamanan, kesejahteraan, dan kebahagiaan bagi anak di dalam keluarga, tanpa ada kekerasan, baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Masa usia dini adalah masa yang sangat penting dari keseluruhan perkembangan manusia dan anak usia dini merupakan kelompok yang rentan menjadi korban kekerasan oleh orang dewasa. Makalah kecil ini berikhtiar untuk memformulasikan pendidikan keluarga yang ramah bagi anak usia dini ditinjau dari perspektif Psikologi.

Kata Kunci: Pendidikan, keluarga, ramah, anak usia dini.

Family education is the first and primary education for early childhood, where most of his time being in a family environment. The function of family is an instrument for the upbringing, education, socialization, develop skills, and build positive habits for children. Parents are the first and foremost who should be responsible for creating an enabling religious environment, be an example to their children so that they grow into children who Shalih and Shalihah, noble, useful for religion, homeland and nation. Parenting, raising, and educating children committed by parents, father and mother are should be synergy with affection, patience, diligence, sincerity, moral and material support, sacrifice, and try to create security, comfort, well-being and happiness for the children in the family, without violence, both physically and psychologically. Early childhood is a crucial time of the overall human development and early children are vulnerable to violence by an adult. This little paper endeavors to formulate a no-violence family education for early childhood viewed from the perspective of Psychology.

Keywords: Education, Family, no-violence, early childhood
AKTAŞ GÖLÜ (ARDAHAN) ÇÖKELLERİNDE BİRİNCİL PALEO-ÜRETİM GÖSTERGELERİNİN ZAMANSAL DEĞİŞİMİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KÜKRER Serkan , FURAL Şakir , AYKIR Dilek
Published: November 2021

Aktaş Gölü; Türkiye – Gürcistan sınırında yer alan, 25.5 km2 alan kaplayan, suları sodalı olan tektonik kökenli bir sulak alandır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; birincil üretim göstergelerinin Aktaş Gölü’ndeki zamansal değişiminin analiz edilerek birbiriyle olan ilişkilerinin çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizlerle incelenerek ötrofikasyon ve aşırı alg çoğalması riskinin değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışma kapsamında Aktaş Gölü'nden alınan 57 cm uzunluğundaki karot kullanılmıştır. Karot, analizler öncesinde 5'er cm'lik dilimlere ayrılmıştır. Ardından klorofil bozunma ürünleri (CDP), toplam organik karbon (TOC), toplam karbon (TC), toplam inorganik karbon (TIC), biyojenik silika (BSi) ve toplam azot (TN) analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Göllerde birincil üretimi temsil eden CDP ve TOC miktarında karotun tabanından yüzeyine doğru bariz bir artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Birincil üretimin önemli uyarıcılarından olan TN miktarının zamansal değişimi CDP ve TOC’un çizdiği trendle paralellik göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlara göre azot girdilerinin göldeki birincil üretimi arttırdığı söylenebilir. BSi, bitkisel üretim süreçlerini temsil eden CDP'den farklı olarak diyatome bolluğunu ifade etmektedir. Bu iki parametre arasında istatistiksel ilişki bulunmaması CDP'yi kontrol eden türlerin diyatome dışındaki gruplar olduğunu düşündürmektedir. C/N oranları göldeki birincil üretimin fitoplankton kaynaklı olduğunu göstermektedir.
Elde edilen bulgular, Aktaş Gölü’nde birincil üreticilerin artış eğiliminde olduğunu, antropojenik kaynaklı azot, organik madde ve diğer besin elementi girişlerinin sürmesi durumunda gelecek yıllarda ötrofikasyon sorunlarının büyüyebileceğini, alg çoğalmalarının sıklık ve etkisinin artabileceğini göstermektedir.
Changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
Authors: Skyllakou Ksakousti , Rivera Pablo Garcia , Dinkelacker Brian , Karnezi Eleni , Kioutsioukis Ioannis , Hernandez Carlos , Adams Peter J. , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Significant reductions in emissions of SO2, NOx, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and primary particulate matter (PM) took place in the US from 1990 to 2010. We evaluate here our understanding of the links between
these emissions changes and corresponding changes in concentrations and
health outcomes using a chemical transport model, the Particulate Matter
Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (PMCAMx), for 1990, 2001, and 2010. The use of the Particle Source Apportionment Algorithm (PSAT) allows us to link the concentration reductions to the sources of the corresponding
primary and secondary PM. The reductions in SO2 emissions (64 %,
mainly from electric-generating units) during these 20 years have dominated the reductions in PM2.5, leading to a 45 % reduction in sulfate levels. The predicted sulfate reductions are in excellent agreement with the
available measurements. Also, the reductions in elemental carbon (EC)
emissions (mainly from transportation) have led to a 30 % reduction in EC concentrations. The most important source of organic aerosol (OA) through
the years according to PMCAMx is biomass burning, followed by biogenic
secondary organic aerosol (SOA). OA from on-road transport has been reduced
by more than a factor of 3. On the other hand, changes in biomass burning OA and biogenic SOA have been modest. In 1990, about half of the US
population was exposed to annual average PM2.5 concentrations above 20 µg m−3, but by 2010 this fraction had dropped to practically
zero. The predicted changes in concentrations are evaluated against the
observed changes for 1990, 2001, and 2010 in order to understand whether the model represents reasonably well the corresponding processes caused by the
changes in emissions.
Improving the representation of aggregation in a two-moment microphysical scheme with statistics of multi-frequency Doppler radar observations
Authors: Karrer Markus , Seifert Axel , Ori Davide , Kneifel Stefan
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Aggregation is a key microphysical process for the formation of precipitable ice particles. Its theoretical description involves many parameters and dependencies among different variables that are either insufficiently understood or difficult to accurately represent in bulk microphysics schemes.
Previous studies have demonstrated the valuable information content of multi-frequency Doppler radar observations to characterize aggregation with respect to environmental parameters such as temperature. Comparisons with model simulations can reveal discrepancies, but the main challenge is to identify the most critical parameters in the aggregation parameterization, which can then be improved by using the observations as constraints.
In this study, we systematically investigate the sensitivity of physical variables, such as number and mass density, as well as the forward-simulated multi-frequency and Doppler radar observables, to different parameters in a two-moment microphysics scheme. Our approach includes modifying key aggregation parameters such as the sticking efficiency or the shape of the size distribution. We also revise and test the impact of changing functional relationships (e.g., the terminal velocity–size relation) and underlying assumptions (e.g., the definition of the aggregation kernel).
We test the sensitivity of the various components first in a single-column “snowshaft” model, which allows fast and efficient identification of the parameter combination optimally matching the observations. We find that particle properties, definition of the aggregation kernel, and size distribution width prove to be most important, while the sticking efficiency and the cloud ice habit have less influence. The setting which optimally matches the observations is then implemented in a 3D model using the identical scheme setup. Rerunning the 3D model with the new scheme setup for a multi-week period revealed that the large overestimation of aggregate size and terminal velocity in the model could be substantially reduced.
The method presented is expected to be applicable to constrain other ice microphysical processes or to evaluate and improve other schemes.
Response of atmospheric composition to COVID-19 lockdown measures during spring in the Paris region (France)
Authors: Petit Jean-Eudes , Dupont Jean-Charles , Favez Olivier , Gros Valérie , Zhang Yunjiang , Sciare Jean , Simon Leila , Truong François , Bonnaire Nicolas , Amodeo Tanguy , Vautard Robert , Haeffelin Martial
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Since early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to
lockdowns at national scales. These lockdowns resulted in large cuts of
atmospheric pollutant emissions, notably related to the vehicular traffic
source, especially during spring 2020. As a result, air quality changed in
manners that are still currently under investigation. The robust
quantitative assessment of the impact of lockdown measures on ambient
concentrations is however hindered by weather variability. In order to
circumvent this difficulty, an innovative methodology has been developed.
The Analog Application for Air Quality (A3Q) method is based on the
comparison of each day of lockdown to a group of analog days having similar
meteorological conditions. The A3Q method has been successfully
evaluated and applied to a comprehensive in situ dataset of primary and
secondary pollutants obtained at the SIRTA observatory, a suburban
background site of the megacity of Paris (France). The overall slight decrease
of submicron particulate matter (PM1) concentrations (−14 %) compared to business-as-usual
conditions conceals contrasting behaviors. Primary traffic tracers
(NOx and traffic-related carbonaceous aerosols) dropped by 42 %–66 %
during the lockdown period. Further, the A3Q method enabled us to
characterize changes triggered by NOx decreases. Particulate nitrate
and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), two of the main springtime aerosol
components in northwestern Europe, decreased by −45 % and −25 %,
respectively. A NOx relationship emphasizes the interest of NOx
mitigation policies at the regional (i.e., city) scale, although long-range
pollution advection sporadically overcompensated for regional decreases.
Variations of the oxidation state of SOA suggest discrepancies in SOA
formation processes. At the same time, the expected ozone increase
(+20 %) underlines the negative feedback of NO titration. These results
provide a quasi-comprehensive observation-based insight for mitigation
policies regarding air quality in future low-carbon urban areas.
Fine-scale dynamics of fragmented aurora-like emissions
Authors: Whiter Daniel K. , Sundberg Hanna , Lanchester Betty S. , Dreyer Joshua , Partamies Noora , Ivchenko Nickolay , Di Fraia Marco Zaccaria , Oliver Rosie , Serpell-Stevens Amanda , Shaw-Diaz Tiffany , Braunersreuther Thomas
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Fragmented aurora-like emissions (FAEs) are small (few kilometres) optical structures which have been observed close to the poleward boundary of the aurora from the high-latitude location of Svalbard (magnetic latitude 75.3 ∘N). The FAEs are only visible in certain emissions, and their shape has no magnetic-field-aligned component, suggesting that they are not caused by energetic particle precipitation and are, therefore, not aurora in the normal sense of the word. The FAEs sometimes form wave-like structures parallel to an auroral arc, with regular spacing between each FAE. They drift at a constant speed and exhibit internal dynamics moving at a faster speed than the envelope structure. The formation mechanism of FAEs is currently unknown. We present an analysis of high-resolution optical observations of FAEs made during two separate events. Based on their appearance and dynamics, we make the assumption that the FAEs are a signature of a dispersive wave in the lower E-region ionosphere, co-located with enhanced electron and ion temperatures detected by incoherent scatter radar. Their drift speed (group speed) is found to be 580–700 m s−1, and the speed of their internal dynamics (phase speed) is found to be 2200–2500 m s−1, both for an assumed altitude of 100 km. The speeds are similar for both events which are observed during different auroral conditions. We consider two possible waves which could produce the FAEs, i.e. electrostatic ion cyclotron waves (EIC) and Farley–Buneman waves, and find that the observations could be consistent with either wave under certain assumptions. In the case of EIC waves, the FAEs must be located at an altitude above about 140 km, and our measured speeds scaled accordingly. In the case of Farley–Buneman waves a very strong electric field of about 365 mV m−1 is required to produce the observed speeds of the FAEs; such a strong electric field may be a requirement for FAEs to occur.
Drought recorded by Ba/Ca in coastal benthic foraminifera
Authors: Brinkmann Inda , Barras Christine , Jilbert Tom , Naeraa Tomas , Paul K. Mareike , Schweizer Magali , Filipsson Helena L.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Increasing occurrences of extreme weather events, such as the 2018 drought over northern Europe, are a concerning issue under global climate change. High resolution archives of natural hydroclimate proxies, such as rapidly accumulating sediments containing biogenic carbonates, offer the potential to investigate the frequency and mechanisms of such events in the past. Droughts alter the barium (Ba) concentration of near-continent seawater through the reduction in Ba input from terrestrial runoff, which in turn may be recorded as changes in the chemical composition (Ba/Ca) of foraminiferal calcium carbonates accumulating in sediments. However, so far the use Ba/Ca as a discharge indicator has been restricted to planktonic foraminifera, despite the high relative abundance of benthic species in coastal, shallow-water sites. Moreover, benthic foraminiferal Ba/Ca has mainly been used in open ocean records as a proxy for paleo-productivity. Here we report on a new geochemical dataset measured from living (CTG-labelled) benthic foraminiferal species to investigate the capability of benthic Ba/Ca to record changes in river runoff over a gradient of contrasting hydroclimatic conditions. Individual foraminifera (Bulimina marginata, Nonionellina labradorica) were analyzed by laser-ablation ICP-MS over a seasonal and spatial gradient within Gullmar Fjord, Swedish west coast during 2018–2019. The results are compared to an extensive meteorological and hydrological data set, as well as sediment and pore-water geochemistry. Benthic foraminiferal Ba/Ca correlates significantly to riverine runoff, however, the signals contain both spatial trends with distance to Ba-source, and species-specific influences such as micro-habitat preferences. We deduce that shallow-infaunal foraminifera are especially suitable as proxy for terrestrial Ba input and discuss the potential influence of water-column and pore-water Ba cycling. While distance to Ba-source, water depth, pore-water geochemistry, and species-specific effects need to be considered in interpreting the data, our results demonstrate confidence in the use of Ba/Ca of benthic foraminifera from near-continent records as proxy for past riverine discharge and to identify periods of drought.