bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Register Berupa Nomina di Kalangan Pedagang Tradisional Pasar Terapung Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Aswadi Dana , Susilawati Erni
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengaflikasikan keilmuan kajian sosiolinguistik, yaitu menggambarkan penggunaan register di kalangan pedagang pasar terapung di kota Banjarmasin dan menjelaskan makna register di kalangan pedagang pasar terapung di kota Banjarmasin. Target khusus dari penelitian ini adalah agar ilmu linguistik khususnya kajian sosiolinguistik yang membahas antardisiplin ilmu, yaitu sosiologi dan linguistik bisa lebih dipahami oleh para pembaca. Bahkan, pelaksanaan penelitian dengan menggunakan kajian ilmu tersebut dalam penggunaan register di kalangan pedagang pasar terapung akan menjadi salah sumbangan ilmu dalam bidang linguistik yang juga berguna untuk lebih memperkenalkan fenomena bahasa serta budaya yang ada di pasar terapung kota Banjarmasin. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini juga ditargetkan dimuat dalam jurnal ilmiah, baik skala nasional maupun internasional nantinya.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian sosiolinguistik. Metode hermeneutik juga digunakan dalam memahami makna pada teks percakapan. Metode ini menggambarkan penggunaan register di kalangan pedagang pasar terapung di kota Banjarmasin dengan kajian sosiolinguistik. Penelitian ini juga akan menerapkan beberapa teknik dalam pemerolehan data yang akurat, yaitu menggunakan teknik rekaman, yaitu merekam fenomena bahasa yang terjadi di kalangan pedagang pasar terapung di kota Banjarmasin, kemudian melakukan pencatatan (catat simak) sebagai salah satu cara untuk mencatat kosakatanya, kemudian triangggulasi, dan tidak ketinggalan menggunakan teknik observasi. Dengan metode tersebut, penelitian tentang penggunaan register di kalangan pedagang pasar terapung di kota Banjarmasin akan memiliki data yang akurat dan bisa dipertanggungjawabkan
Finite Element Model of Vibration Control for an Exponential Functionally Graded Timoshenko Beam with Distributed Piezoelectric Sensor/Actuator
Authors: El Harti Khalid , Rahmoune Mohammed , Sanbi Mustapha , Saadani Rachid , Bentaleb Mouhcine , Rahmoune Miloud
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a dynamic study of sandwich functionally graded beam with piezoelectric layers that are used as sensors and actuators. This study is exploited later in the formulation of the active control laws, while using the optimal control Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG), accompanied by the Kalman filter. The mathematical formulation is based on Timoshenko’s assumptions and the finite element method, which is applied to a flexible beam divided into a finite number of elements. By applying the Hamilton principle, the equations of motion are obtained. The vibration frequencies are found by solving the eigenvalue problem. The structure is analytically then numerically modeled and the results of the simulations are presented in order to visualize the states of their dynamics without and with active control.
Estimating Arsenic Mobility and Phytotoxicity Using Two Different Phosphorous Fertilizer Release Rates in Soil
Authors: Kim Min-Suk , Min Hyun-Gi , Kim Jeong-Gyu , Lee Sang-Ryong
Published: February 2019

Deficiencies in phosphorus (P), an essential factor for plant growth and aided phytostabilization, are commonly observed in soil, especially near mining areas. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of P-based fertilizer types on arsenic (As) extractability and phytotoxicity in As-contaminated soil after stabilizer treatment. Different treatments with respect to the P-releasing characteristics were applied to soil to determine As mobility and phytotoxicity in P-based fertilizers, with bone meal as a slow-releasing P fertilizer and fused superphosphate as a fast-releasing P fertilizer. In addition, P fertilizers were used to enhance plant growth, and two types of iron (Fe)-based stabilizers (steel slang and acid mine drainage sludge) were also used to reduce As mobility in As-contaminated soil under lab-scale conditions. A water-soluble extraction was conducted to determine As and P extractability. A phytotoxicity test using bok choy (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Jusl.) was performed to assess the elongation and accumulation of As and P. Within a single treatment, the As stabilization was higher in steel slag (84%) than in acid mine drainage sludge (27%), and the P supply effect was higher in fused superphosphate (24740%) than in bone meal (160%) compared to the control. However, a large dose of fused superphosphate (2%) increased not only the water-soluble P, but also the water-soluble As, and consequently, increased As uptake by bok choy roots, leading to phytotoxicity. In combined treatments, the tendency towards change was similar to that of the single treatment, but the degree of change was decreased compared to the single treatment, thereby decreasing the risk of phytotoxicity. In particular, the toxicity observed in the fused superphosphate treatments did not appear in the bone meal treatment, but rather the growth enhancement effect appeared. These results indicate that the simultaneous application of bone meal and stabilizers might be proposed and could effectively increase plant growth via the stabilization of As and supplementation with P over the long term.
Topological Map Construction Based on Region Dynamic Growing and Map Representation Method
Authors: Wang Fei , Liu Yuqiang , Xiao Ling , Wu Chengdong , Chu Hao
Published: February 2019

In the human–machine interactive scene of the service robot, obstacle information and destination information are both required, and both kinds of information need to be saved and used at the same time. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a topological map construction pipeline based on regional dynamic growth and a map representation method based on the conical space model. Based on the metric map, the construction pipeline can initialize the region growth point on the trajectory of the mobile robot. Next, the topological region is divided by the region dynamic growth algorithm, the map structure is simplified by the minimum spanning tree, and the similar region is merged by the region merging algorithm. After that, the parameter TM (topological information in the map) and the parameter OM (occupied information in the map) are used to represent the topological information and the occupied information. Finally, a topological map represented by the colored picture is saved by converting to color information. It is highlighted that the topological map construction pipeline is not limited by the structure of the environment, and can be automatically adjusted according to the actual environment structure. What’s more, the topological map representation method can save two kinds of map information at the same time, which simplifies the map representation structure. The experimental results show that the map construction method is flexible, and that resources such as calculation and storage are less consumed. The map representation method is convenient to use and improves the efficiency of the map in preservation.
Case Studies for Non-Detection of Islanding by Grid-Connected In-Parallel Photovoltaic and Electrical Energy Storage Systems Inverters
Authors: Lim Jong Rok , Hwang Hye Mi , Shin Woo Gyun , Song Hyung-Jun , Ju Young-Chul , Jung Young Seok , Kang Gi Hwan , Ko Suk Whan
Published: February 2019

In Korea, there is a rule for Renewable Energy Certification with weighting 5.0, to expand grid linkage capacity and to improve the stability of the grid to accommodate photovoltaic (PV) systems in a distributed power system. Due to this rule, many power companies and operators are trying to install electrical energy storage systems that are able to operate in conjunction with PV system power. These systems operate in parallel at the same grid connection point. This paper presents the results of case studies on the failure to detect islanding operation. Test evaluation devices that could be bi-directionally charged and discharged were implemented for an islanding detection test. Testing was conducted under a variety of operating conditions. When a single inverter was operated under the islanding condition, it was stably stopped within 0.5 s using the Korean grid-code standard. However, when two inverters were operated at the same time under the islanding condition, islanding detection failed and the two inverters continued to feed the connected RLC (resistor, inductor, capacitor) loads in the isolated section known as an island. Different algorithms used by PCS (power conversion system) manufacturers to detect islanding might cause this phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary for a new PCS test standard to detect islanding.
Fabrication of a Silicon Nanowire Solar Cell on a Silicon-on-Insulator Substrate
Authors: Kato Shinya , Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Gotoh Kazuhiro , Soga Tetsuo
Published: February 2019

This study proposes metal-assisted chemical etching (MAE) as a facile method to fabricate silicon nanowire (SiNW) array structures, with high optical confinement for thin crystalline silicon solar cells. Conventional SiNW arrays are generally fabricated on Si wafer substrates. However, tests on conventional SiNW-based solar cells cannot determine whether the photo-current is derived from SiNWs or from the Si wafer. Herein, SiNW arrays were fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate with a 10-μm-thick silicon layer for measuring the photocurrent of the SiNW only. The 9 μm-long p-type SiNW arrays were applied to a solar cell structure fabricated using an n-type H-doped amorphous Si layer, thereby confirming the photovoltaic effect. However, the device exhibited a conversion efficiency of 0.0017% because of a low short-circuit current (Jsc) and a low open-circuit voltage (Voc). The low Jsc resulted from a high series resistance and high absorption loss from the amorphous Si layer, whereas the low Voc resulted from the high surface recombination velocity of the SiNW array structure. Therefore, reducing the surface recombination of SiNW-based solar cells can improve their conversion efficiency.
A Comparison in the Use of the Crystallographic Structure of the Human A1 or the A2A Adenosine Receptors as a Template for the Construction of a Homology Model of the A3 Subtype
Authors: Margiotta Enrico , Moro Stefano
Published: February 2019

In the last decades, the field of therapeutic application in targeting the human A3 adenosine receptor has represented a rapidly growing area of research in adenosine field. Both agonists and antagonists have been described to have a potential application in the treatment of several diseases, including, for example, glaucoma, cancer, and autoimmune inflammations. To date, the most severe factor limiting the accuracy of the structure-based molecular modeling approaches is the fact that the three-dimensional human A3 structure has not yet been solved. However, the crystallographic structures of either human A1 or A2A subtypes are available as potential templates for the construction of its homology model. In this study, we have compared the propensity of both models to accommodate a series of known potent and selective human A3 agonists and antagonists. As described, on the basis of the results obtained from this preliminary study, it is possible to affirm that the human A3 receptor model based on the crystallographic structure of the A1 subtype can represent a valid alternative to the one conventionally used today, based on the available A2A structures.
Novel Liquid Transfer Active Balancing System for Hollow Rotors of High-Speed Rotating Machinery
Authors: Pan Xin , Xie Zhen , Lu Juan , Wu Haiqi , Gao Jinji , Jiang Zhinong
Published: February 2019

With the development of high-speed rotating machinery, the unbalance vibration feature of each rotor system has a greater influence on the work efficiency, bearing life, operational time, etc. Therefore, an active balancing system is necessary to automatically reduce the unbalance vibration in the process of rotor operation. This study introduced a novel liquid transfer active balancing system for the hollow rotors, and compensation mass was performed by balance liquid transmission between two pairs of contra-positioned chambers. The performance of this new balance actuator was analyzed, including balancing velocity, balancing accuracy, and the effect on rotor dynamics. A monitoring and control program was constructed to control the balance actuator. Two extraction methods of synchronic vibration were introduced and quantitatively compared through simulation. A control program was developed and the control accuracy was within 1 ms. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the new balancing system was verified through active balance experiments and the maximum speed was 15,600 rpm. The results indicate that the balancing system could effectively decrease the unbalance vibration of the rotor system within 10 s, and the amount of decrease was more than 80%.
Minimizing the Energy Cost of Offshore Wind Farms by Simultaneously Optimizing Wind Turbines and Their Layout
Authors: Luo Longfu , Zhang Xiaofeng , Song Dongran , Tang Weiyi , Li Li , Tian Xiaoyu
Published: February 2019

The construction and gradual installation of turbines on wind farms has been hindered by the high cost of the energy production. An effective way to minimize energy costs is via the optimal design of wind turbines and their layout, but relevant and synthetic studies are lacking. This paper proposes a method to minimize the energy cost of offshore wind farms by simultaneously optimizing the rated wind speed, the rotor radius of wind turbines and their layout. Firstly, a new, mixed mathematical formulation of the energy cost is presented, considering the Weibull distribution for wind, the characterizing parameters of wind turbines and the distance between two turbines. Secondly, to obtain the minimum energy cost, a composite optimization algorithm was developed, which consists of an iterative method and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. The former was used to search the minimal energy costs that relate to the design parameters of a single wind turbine, while the latter was adopted for optimizing the layout of the wind turbines iteratively. Finally, the proposed method was applied to three case studies with variable wind speed and constant wind direction. Results of the case studies show that the reduced energy cost after optimization has a range of 0–0.001 $/kWh, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Meanwhile, the layout of the wind turbines after optimization tends to locate the two wind turbines with the biggest spacing in the wind direction, which justifies the utilization of layout optimization. Furthermore, exploring the optimally designed parameters of wind turbines revealed that the wind farms with a high mean wind speed can have a wider range of turbine capacity than those with a low wind speed, which offers more freedom for the designers when constructing offshore wind farms at wind sites with rich wind resources.
On the Nature of Pressure Wave Propagation through Ducts for Structural Health Monitoring Application
Authors: Jardon Zoé , Hinderdael Michaël , Regert Tamas , Van Beeck Jeroen , Guillaume Patrick
Published: February 2019

An effective structural health monitoring system fully exploits the flexibility offered by the 3D printing process by integrating a smart structural health monitoring technology inside the 3D-printed components. The system relies on the propagation of pressure waves with constant propagation speed through circular capillaries embedded in the structure. The nature of these waves seems to be determinant for the accuracy of the crack localization system. To achieve a better physical understanding of the nature of the propagating waves through the capillaries, computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed and compared to experimental results obtained with a self-built test setup. The presence of propagating shock waves is observed in the simulations and experiments, as well as a complex reflection mechanism around the leak location. Shock waves show the characteristic of not propagating at a constant velocity. This property complicates the actual localization system. To solve this, the constant velocity assumption should be replaced with the effective velocity evolution to increase the localization accuracy. The amplitude of the shock wave is attenuated with propagating distance, which proves that the effect of friction plays an important role and can, in turn, influence the localization system.
The Dispositif of Holography
Authors: Desbiens Jacques
Published: February 2019

The French word dispositif, applied to visual art, encompasses several components of an artwork, such as the apparatus itself as well as its display conditions and the viewers themselves. In this article, I examine the concept of dispositif in the context of holography and, in particular, synthetic holography (computer-generated holography). This analysis concentrates on the holographic space and its effects on time and colors. A few comparisons with the history of spatial representation allow us to state that the holographic dispositif breaks with the perspective tradition and opens a new field of artistic research and experimentation.
Extreme Fuzziness: Direct Interactions between Two IDPs
Authors: Wang Wenning , Wang Dongdong
Published: February 2019

Protein interactions involving intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) greatly extend the range of binding mechanisms available to proteins. In interactions employing coupled folding and binding, IDPs undergo disorder-to-order transitions to form a complex with a well-defined structure. In many other cases, IDPs retain structural plasticity in the final complexes, which have been defined as the fuzzy complexes. While a large number of fuzzy complexes have been characterized with variety of fuzzy patterns, many of the interactions are between an IDP and a structured protein. Thus, whether two IDPs can interact directly to form a fuzzy complex without disorder-to-order transition remains an open question. Recently, two studies of interactions between IDPs (4.1G-CTD/NuMA and H1/ProTα) have found a definite answer to this question. Detailed characterizations combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation demonstrate that direct interactions between these two pairs of IDPs do form fuzzy complexes while retaining the conformational dynamics of the isolated proteins, which we name as the extremely fuzzy complexes. Extreme fuzziness completes the full spectrum of protein-protein interaction modes, suggesting that a more generalized model beyond existing binding mechanisms is required. Previous models of protein interaction could be applicable to some aspects of the extremely fuzzy interactions, but in more general sense, the distinction between native and nonnative contacts, which was used to understand protein folding and binding, becomes obscure. Exploring the phenomenon of extreme fuzziness may shed new light on molecular recognition and drug design.
Bio-based Catalysts from Biomass Issued after Decontamination of Effluents Rich in Copper—An Innovative Approach towards Greener Copper-based Catalysis
Authors: Olszewski Tomasz K. , Adler Pauline , Grison Claude
Published: February 2019

The abundance of Cu-contaminated effluents and the serious risk of contamination of the aquatic systems combine to provide strong motivating factors to tackle this environmental problem. The treatment of polluted effluents by rhizofiltration and biosorption is an interesting ecological alternative. Taking advantage of the remarkable ability of the selected plants to bioconcentrate copper into roots, these methods have been exploited for the decontamination of copper-rich effluents. Herein, we present an overview on the utility of the resulted copper-rich biomass for the preparation of novel bio-sourced copper-based catalysts for copper-mediated reactions: from the bioaccumulation of copper in plant, to the preparation and full analysis of the new Eco-Cu catalysts, and their application in selected key reactions. The hydrolysis of a thiophosphate, an Ullmann-type coupling leading to N- and O-arylated compounds, and a CuAAC “click” reaction, all performed under green and environmentally friendly conditions, will be described.
Past, Present and Future Climate Trends Under Varied Representative Concentration Pathways for a Sub-Humid Region in Uganda
Authors: Egeru Anthony , Barasa Bernard , Nampijja Josephine , Siya Aggrey , Makooma Moses Tenywa , Majaliwa Mwanjalolo Gilbert Jackson
Published: February 2019

Long-term trend analysis at local scale for rainfall and temperature is critical for detecting climate change patterns. This study analysed historical (1980–2009), near future (2010–2039), mid- (1940–2069) and end-century (2070–2099) rainfall and temperature over Karamoja sub-region. The Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) daily climate data provided by the Agricultural Model Inter-comparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) was used. The AgMIP delta method analysis protocol was used for an ensemble of 20 models under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). Historical mean rainfall was 920.1 ± 118.9 mm and minimum, maximum and mean temperature were 16.8 ± 0.5 °C, 30.6 ± 0.4 °C and 32.0 ± 0.7 °C, respectively. Minimum temperature over the historical period significantly rose between 2000 and 2008. Near future rainfall varied by scenario with 1012.9 ± 146.3 mm and 997.5 ± 144.7 mm for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively; with a sharp rise predicted in 2017. In the mid-century, mean annual rainfall will be 1084.7 ± 137.4 mm and 1205.5 ± 164.9 mm under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively. The districts of Kaabong and Kotido are projected to experience low rainfall total under RCP4.5 (mid-century) and RCP8.5 (end-century). The minimum temperature is projected to increase by 1.8 °C (RCP4.5) and 2.1 °C (RCP8.5) in mid-century, and by 2.2 °C (RCP4.5) and 4.0 °C (RCP8.5) in end-century.
Removal of Rhodamine B (A Basic Dye) and Acid Yellow 17 (An Acidic Dye) from Aqueous Solutions by Ordered Mesoporous Carbon and Commercial Activated Carbon
Authors: Jedynak Katarzyna , Wideł Dariusz , Rędzia Nina
Published: February 2019

In this work, adsorption of rhodamine B (RB) and acid yellow 17 (AY17) was investigated on ordered mesoporous carbon material obtained by soft-templating method with hydrochloric acid (ST-A). For comparison, the adsorption process on commercial activated carbon CWZ-22 was also carried out. The sorbents were characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied to simulate the equilibrium data of RB and AY17. Adsorption isotherm data could be better described by the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. The adsorption kinetics of RB and AY17 on studied carbons could be well depicted by using pseudo-second-order kinetic modeling. The adsorption capacity increased with temperature increase in the range of 298–315 K. In the whole diffusion process, the intraparticle diffusion was involved, but not the whole rate-controlling step. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, including Gibbs free energy (∆G), enthalpy (∆H), and entropy (ΔS) suggested that adsorption processes of RB and AY17 on ST-A and CWZ-22 were endothermic and spontaneous.
Focusing of Microcrystals and Liquid Condensates in Acoustofluidics
Authors: Gelin Pierre , Van Lindt Joris , Bratek-Skicki Anna , Stroobants Sander , Krzek Marzena , Ziemecka Iwona , Tompa Peter , De Malsche Wim , Maes Dominique
Published: February 2019

Manipulation of high-density materials, such as crystals and liquid condensates, is of great importance for many applications, including serial crystallography, structural and molecular biology, chemistry, and medicine. In this work, we describe an acoustic technique to focus and harvest flowing crystals and liquid condensates. Moreover, we show, based on numerical simulations, that the acoustic waves can be used for size-based particle (crystals, droplets, etc.) separation. This is an essential technological step in biological research, medical applications, and industrial processes. The presented technology offers high precision, biocompatibility, ease of use and additionally, is non-invasive and inexpensive. With the recent advent of X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) technology and the associated enormous importance of a thin jet of crystals, this technology might pave the way to a novel type of XFEL injector.
Understanding Real-Time Fluorescence Signals from Bacteria and Wound Tissues Observed with the MolecuLight i:XTM
Authors: Rennie Monique Y. , Dunham Danielle , Lindvere-Teene Liis , Raizman Rose , Hill Rosemary , Linden Ron
Published: February 2019

The persistent presence of pathogenic bacteria is one of the main obstacles to wound healing. Detection of wound bacteria relies on sampling methods, which delay confirmation by several days. However, a novel handheld fluorescence imaging device has recently enabled real-time detection of bacteria in wounds based on their intrinsic fluorescence characteristics, which differ from those of background tissues. This device illuminates the wound with violet (405 nm) light, causing tissues and bacteria to produce endogenous, characteristic fluorescence signals that are filtered and displayed on the device screen in real-time. The resulting images allow for rapid assessment and documentation of the presence, location, and extent of fluorescent bacteria at moderate-to-heavy loads. This information has been shown to assist in wound assessment and guide patient-specific treatment plans. However, proper image interpretation is essential to assessing this information. To properly identify regions of bacterial fluorescence, users must understand: (1) Fluorescence signals from tissues (e.g., wound tissues, tendon, bone) and fluids (e.g., blood, pus); (2) fluorescence signals from bacteria (red or cyan); (3) the rationale for varying hues of both tissue and bacterial fluorescence; (4) image artifacts that can occur; and (5) some potentially confounding signals from non-biological materials (e.g., fluorescent cleansing solutions). Therefore, this tutorial provides clinicians with a rationale for identifying common wound fluorescence characteristics. Clinical examples are intended to help clinicians with image interpretation—with a focus on image artifacts and potential confounders of image interpretation—and suggestions of how to overcome such challenges when imaging wounds in clinical practice.
Contagion of the Subprime Financial Crisis on Frontier Stock Markets: A Copula Analysis
Authors: Mohti Wahbeeah , Dionísio Andreia , Ferreira Paulo , Vieira Isabel
Published: February 2019

This study assesses contagion from the USA subprime financial crisis on a large set of frontier stock markets. Copula models were used to investigate the structure of dependence between frontier markets and the USA, before and after the occurrence of the crisis. Statistically significant evidence of contagion could only be found in the European region, with the markets of Croatia and Romania being affected. The remaining European markets in our sample and the others, located in America, Middle East, Africa, and Asia, appear to have been isolated from the subprime crisis impact. These results are useful for international investors interested in enlarging the geographical diversification of their portfolios, but also for the considered countries’ policymakers who should attempt to improve the attractiveness of stock markets for domestic and foreign investors while simultaneously attempting to maintain their relative level of insulation against future foreign crises.
Promoting Young Children’s Interest in Learning English in EFL Context: The Role of Mothers
Authors: Choi Naya , Kang Sujeong , Cho Hye Jung , Sheo Jiyeon
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a mother’s motivation for providing English education to a young child on the provision of English education and the child’s interest in learning English. Also, the mediating role of the type of English education provided (English interaction at home and English private lessons) between a mother’s motivation and a child’s interest in learning English was examined. In total, 414 Korean mothers of 3-to-5-year-olds reported their motivation for providing English education to their child, frequency of English interaction at home, and the duration of English private lessons the child experienced. The degree of a child’s interest in learning English was measured by both the child’s mother and the teacher. The main results are as follows. First, a mother’s integrative motivation had a positive effect on the provision of English education. On the other hand, a mother’s instrumental motivation did not have a significant effect on the provision of English education. Also, a mother’s integrative motivation had an indirect effect on a child’ interest in learning English through English interaction at home. A mother’s integrative motivation had a direct effect on a child’s interest in learning English as well. This study is theoretically meaningful in that the concept of integrative and instrumental motivation of foreign language learners is extended to the mothers who provide foreign language education to their young children. Also, this study provides practical implications for early childhood mothers by highlighting the importance of integrative motivation and English interaction at home to enhance the child’s interest in learning English.
Analyzing Load Profiles of Energy Consumption to Infer Household Characteristics Using Smart Meters
Authors: Fahim Muhammad , Sillitti Alberto
Published: February 2019

The increasing penetration of smart meters provides an excellent opportunity to monitor and analyze energy consumption in residential buildings. In this paper, we propose a framework to process the observed profiles of energy consumption to infer the household characteristics in residential buildings. Such characteristics can be used for improving resource allocation and for an efficient energy management that will ultimately contribute to reducing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission. Our approach is based on automated extraction of features from univariate time-series data and development of a model through a variant of the decision trees technique (i.e., ensemble learning mechanism) random forest. We process and analyzed energy consumption data to answer four primitive questions. To evaluate the approach, we performed experiments on publicly available datasets. Our experiments show a precision of 82% and a recall of 81% in inferring household characteristics.
The Impact of an Electrical Mini-grid on the Development of a Rural Community in Kenya
Authors: Bahaj AbuBakr , Blunden Luke , Kanani Christopher , James Patrick , Kiva Isaac , Matthews Zoë , Price Heather , Essendi Hildah , Falkingham Jane , George Gerard
Published: February 2019

Electrical mini-grids can provide electrification to rural communities far from the national network. However the benefits of such schemes are disputed. We observed changes in two matched trading-centres in Makueni County, Kenya, neither of which were initially electrified. During the study a solar photovoltaic mini-grid scheme (13.5 kWp) was constructed in one of the trading-centres. After electrification there were relative increases in the number of businesses and business income. Comparing the households in the areas around the trading centres, perceived wealth increased more around the electrified trading centre. Qualitative interviews indicated improvements in service provision by the local school and health centre. The co-operative set up to run the mini-grid was free to set its own kWh tariff and chose to reduce it to a level that covers operating costs and would recover 70% of the initial investment interest-free. However, the tariff finally agreed is higher than the national grid tariff, which would be difficult to achieve if the mini-grid was not owned by and run for the benefit of the local community. Overall, we found that the mini-grid had a positive effect over background development, recovered some of its cost and charged a higher tariff than the national rate.
Dynamic Identification of Critical Nodes and Regions in Power Grid Based on Spatio-Temporal Attribute Fusion of Voltage Trajectory
Authors: Bai Xiwei , Liu Daowei , Tan Jie , Yang Hongying , Zheng Hengfeng
Published: February 2019

Accurate identification of critical nodes and regions in a power grid is a precondition and guarantee for safety assessment and situational awareness. Existing methods have achieved effective static identification based on the inherent topological and electrical characteristics of the grid. However, they ignore the variations of these critical nodes and regions over time and are not appropriate for online monitoring. To solve this problem, a novel data-driven dynamic identification scheme is proposed in this paper. Three temporal and three spatial attributes are extracted from their corresponding voltage phasor sequences and integrated via Gini-coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient to form node importance and relevance assessment indices. Critical nodes and regions can be identified dynamically through importance ranking and clustering on the basis of these two indices. The validity and applicability of the proposed method pass the test on various situations of the IEEE-39 benchmark system, showing that this method can identify the critical nodes and regions, locate the potential disturbance source accurately, and depict the variation of node/region criticality dynamically.
The Metropolitan Bay: Spatial Imaginary of Imperial St. Petersburg and Maritime Heritage of the Gulf of Finland
Authors: Kraikovski Alexei , Lajus Julia
Published: February 2019

The paper aims to discuss the multifaceted links between the marine environment of the Gulf of Finland and the representations of the large complex of cultural heritage related to the city of St. Petersburg. The paper is based on a spatial imaginary of Greater St. Petersburg as the cultural and technological unity of the city and adjacent waterscapes in the times of the Russian Empire. This concept is instrumental to see the historical links between the parts of the heritage complex that has by now disintegrated and has been separated by state borders.
Spatial and Psychophysical Domination of Women in Dystopia: Swastika Night, Woman on the Edge of Time and The Handmaid’s Tale
Authors: Minico Elisabetta Di
Published: February 2019

Analyzing Burdekin’s Swastika Night Piercy’s Woman on the Edge of Time and Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale the article aims to examine the relations between space, gender-based violence, and patriarchy in women’s writing. Hitlerdom in Swastika Night, the mental hospital and the future dystopian New York in Woman on the Edge of Time, and Gilead in The Handmaid’s Tale are spatial and social nightmares. The authorities that rule these dystopias imprison women in restricted spaces first, limit their vocabulary and daily actions, deprive them of their beauty, freedom and consciousness, and impose maternity or sexuality upon them. My analysis will connect the limitation of space with the psychophysical domination the objectification and the disempowerment of the female gender. Hoping also to shed light on the dynamics and the reasons for contemporary real gender-based violence and depreciation, the study will be focused on: 1. the ways space contributes to the creation, the stability and the dominion of dystopian powers; 2. the representation and the construction of female figures, roles and identities; 3. the techniques of control, manipulation and oppression used by patriarchal powers against women; 4. the impact of sex, sexuality and motherhood on women’s bodies; and 5. the possible feminist alternatives or solutions proposed by the novels.
Detection of Microrelief Objects to Impede the Movement of Vehicles in Terrain
Authors: Dohnal Filip , Hubacek Martin , Simkova Katerina
Published: February 2019

Relief of terrain as a part of the landscape greatly affects the possibilities of vehicles moving off the road. The main influence on the movement is the slope of terrain and the occurrence of microrelief objects. While the slope limits can be easily modeled in the GIS environment, it is difficult to express the effect of the microrelief on the possibilities of moving vehicles. The aim of this work was to find procedures for identification of impassable microrelief objects using GIS tools and precise digital elevation models. Technical parameters defining the ability of a vehicle to overcome microrelief objects are known and these are mainly defined by the dimensions of the vehicle such as a wheel base, a ground clearance, approach angle, and others. Large-scale digital elevation models have not been able to reliably express the location and shape of microrelief objects until recently. Their accuracy of height in nodes achieved meter or decimeter values. The change occurred with the use of airborne laser scanning technology for digital elevation model creation. The accuracy of models created using this technology achieves centimeter values. These can be used for detection of microrelief objects. One of these models is the DMR5 from the territory of the Czech Republic. Its declared total mean height error is 0.18 meters. This model, together with the GIS tools and the technical parameters of individual vehicles, was used to search for such microrelief objects that act as a barrier to movement. Procedures for detecting impassable microrelief objects were created by ArcGIS tools. Modeling tools and mathematical methods were used to create procedures for detection of microrelief objects. These have been applied to selected locations in the Czech Republic. Raster layers representing individual impassable microrelief objects are the result of modeling. The modeling results were verified in the terrain using military vehicles. Field tests confirmed the high reliability of the proposed procedure. Therefore, the calculation process was optimized and will be introduced in the future as one of the input calculations of the complex model of passability in the Army of the Czech Republic.
Nitric Oxide-Induced Dormancy Removal of Apple Embryos Is Linked to Alterations in Expression of Genes Encoding ABA and JA Biosynthetic or Transduction Pathways and RNA Nitration
Authors: Andryka-Dudek Paulina , Ciacka Katarzyna , Wiśniewska Anita , Bogatek Renata , Gniazdowska Agnieszka
Published: February 2019

Short-term (3 h) treatment of embryos isolated from dormant apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds with NO donors stimulates their transition from dormancy to germination. Seed dormancy is maintained by ABA, while germination is controlled mainly by gibberellins (GAs) and jasmonic acid (JA). NO-induced dormancy removal correlates with low ABA concentration in embryonic axes and reduced embryo sensitivity to ABA. We analyzed the expression of genes encoding key enzymes of ABA degradation (CYP707A1, CYP707A2), biosynthesis (NCED3, NCED9), and elements of the ABA transduction pathway (PYL1, PYL2, RCAR1, RCAR3, PP2CA, ABI1, ABI2, SNRK2, ABI5, AREB3, ABF). A role for JA in the regulation of germination led us to investigate the expression of genes encoding enzymes of JA biosynthesis (AOS1, JMT, JAR1) and the transduction pathway (COI1, MYC2, JAZ3, JAZ12). The expression profiles of the genes were estimated in embryonic axes isolated from dormant or NO fumigated apple embryos. The analyzed genes were differentially regulated during dormancy alleviation, the main modifications in the transcription level were detected for NCED3, NCED9, CYP707A2, RCAR1, ABF, AOS1, JMT, JAR1 and JAZ3. A regulatory role of NO in the removal of seed dormancy is associated with the stimulation of expression of genes related to ABA degradation, down-regulation of genes responsible for ABA synthesis, an increase of expression level of genes engaged in JA synthesis and modification of the expression of genes engaged in signaling pathways of the hormones. To confirm a signaling role of NO during dormancy breakage, an increased RNA nitration level in embryonic axes was demonstrated.
Epigenome-Wide Association Study (EWAS) of Blood Lipids in Healthy Population from STANISLAS Family Study (SFS)
Authors: Xie Ting , Gorenjak Vesna , G. Stathopoulou Maria , Dadé Sébastien , Marouli Eirini , Masson Christine , Murray Helena , Lamont John , Fitzgerald Peter , Deloukas Panagiotis , Visvikis-Siest Sophie
Published: February 2019

Epigenome-Wide Association Studies (EWAS) are furthering our knowledge of epigenetic modifications involved in the regulation of lipids’ metabolism. Furthermore, epigenetic patterns associated with lipid levels may play an important role in predicting the occurrence of cardiovascular events. To further investigate the relationship between methylation status and lipids, we performed an EWAS in 211 individuals from the STANISLAS Family study (SFS). Methylation at two CpG sites (PRKAG2; p = 1.39 × 10−8; KREMEN2; p = 5.75 × 10−9) were significantly associated with lipidomic profiles. Replication was sought in adipose tissue where one probe, cg08897188, was found to be nominally significant (KREMEN2; p = 0.0196). These results could provide new insight in the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases and contribute to new therapeutic interventions.
The Prognostic Impact of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Primary Breast Cancer Depends on the Lymph Node Status
Authors: Jeschke Udo , Zhang Xi , Kuhn Christina , Jalaguier Stéphan , Colinge Jacques , Pfender Kristina , Mayr Doris , Ditsch Nina , Harbeck Nadia , Mahner Sven , Sixou Sophie , Cavaillès Vincent
Published: February 2019

Increasing evidence implicates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a possible regulator of mammary carcinogenesis. This study aims to clarify its prognostic impact in breast cancer (BC). Meta-analyses performed at the mRNA level demonstrated that the predictive value of AhR expression in BC depends on the lymph node (LN) status. AhR expression and sub-cellular location were then analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 302 primary BC samples. AhR was expressed in almost 90% of cases with a predominant nuclear location. Nuclear and cytoplasmic AhR levels were significantly correlated and associated with the expression of RIP140 (receptor-interacting protein of 140 kDa), an AhR transcriptional coregulator and target gene. Interestingly, total and nuclear AhR levels were only significantly correlated with short overall survival in node-negative patients. In this sub-group, total and nuclear AhR expression had an even stronger prognostic impact in patients with low RIP140-expressing tumors. Very interestingly, the total AhR prognostic value was also significant in luminal-like BCs and was an independent prognostic marker for LN-negative patients. Altogether, this study suggests that AhR is a marker of poor prognosis for patients with LN-negative luminal-like BCs, which warrants further evaluation.
Machine Reading Comprehension for Answer Re-Ranking in Customer Support Chatbots
Authors: Hardalov Momchil , Koychev Ivan , Nakov Preslav
Published: February 2019

Recent advances in deep neural networks, language modeling and language generation have introduced new ideas to the field of conversational agents. As a result, deep neural models such as sequence-to-sequence, memory networks, and the Transformer have become key ingredients of state-of-the-art dialog systems. While those models are able to generate meaningful responses even in unseen situations, they need a lot of training data to build a reliable model. Thus, most real-world systems have used traditional approaches based on information retrieval (IR) and even hand-crafted rules, due to their robustness and effectiveness, especially for narrow-focused conversations. Here, we present a method that adapts a deep neural architecture from the domain of machine reading comprehension to re-rank the suggested answers from different models using the question as a context. We train our model using negative sampling based on question–answer pairs from the Twitter Customer Support Dataset. The experimental results show that our re-ranking framework can improve the performance in terms of word overlap and semantics both for individual models as well as for model combinations.
Synthesis, Structures and Chemistry of the Metallaboranes of Group 4–9 with M2B5 Core Having a Cross Cluster M–M Bond
Authors: Bag Ranjit , Saha Suvam , Borthakur Rosmita , Mondal Bijan , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Halet Jean-François , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: February 2019

In an attempt to expand the library of M2B5 bicapped trigonal-bipyramidal clusters with different transition metals, we explored the chemistry of [Cp*WCl4] with metal carbonyls that enabled us to isolate a series of mixed-metal tungstaboranes with an M2{B4M’} {M = W; M’ = Cr(CO)4, Mo(CO)4, W(CO)4} core. The reaction of in situ generated intermediate, obtained from the low temperature reaction of [Cp*WCl4] with an excess of [LiBH4·thf], followed by thermolysis with [M(CO)5·thf] (M = Cr, Mo and W) led to the isolation of the tungstaboranes [(Cp*W)2B4H8M(CO)4], 1–3 (1: M = Cr; 2: M = Mo; 3: M = W). In an attempt to replace one of the BH—vertices in M2B5 with other group metal carbonyls, we performed the reaction with [Fe2(CO)9] that led to the isolation of [(Cp*W)2B4H8Fe(CO)3], 4, where Fe(CO)3 replaces a {BH} core unit instead of the {BH} capped vertex. Further, the reaction of [Cp*MoCl4] and [Cr(CO)5·thf] yielded the mixed-metal molybdaborane cluster [(Cp*Mo)2B4H8Cr(CO)4], 5, thereby completing the series with the missing chromium analogue. With 56 cluster valence electrons (cve), all the compounds obey the cluster electron counting rules. Compounds 1–5 are analogues to the parent [(Cp*M)2B5H9] (M= Mo and W) that seem to have generated by the replacement of one {BH} vertex from [(Cp*W)2B5H9] or [(Cp*Mo)2B5H9] (in case of 5). All of the compounds have been characterized by various spectroscopic analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
Termite Ecology in the First Two Decades of the 21st Century: A Review of Reviews
Authors: Bignell David E.
Published: February 2019

Termite ecology came of age in 1978 with the seminal review of Wood and Sands which by considering the quantitative contributions made by termites to the carbon cycle at the landscape level concluded that they were major players in tropical ecosystems. Subsequent field work in the succeeding two decades was summarised in 2000 by Bignell and Eggleton, the most recent review which attempted to cover the entire topic in detail, which included 188 listed references and has been extensively cited for almost 20 years. Subsequent summaries more narrowly defined or in some cases more superficial are listed in the bibliography. In this overview, the main and subsidiary headings in Bignell and Eggleton are revisited and reclassified in the light of 186 selected articles added to the relevant literature since 2000, and some earlier work. While the literature on termite ecology remains buoyant, it has declined relative to publications on other aspects of termite biology. Overall, the thesis that termites have a major impact on, and are major indicators of soil health and landscape integrity in the tropics and sub-tropics is maintained, but the drivers of local diversity, abundance and biomass remain complex, with many biographical, edaphic and optimum sampling issues not completely resolved. The large increase in diversity and abundance data from Neotropical biomes can also be noted.