bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HURMAL ULU CAMİİ MİNARESİ
Authors: EROĞLU Ömer , KAYA Mustafa
Published: December 2022

Hurmal, günümüzde Irak Cumhuriyeti’ne bağlı Federal bir yapının ilçesi olup, ülkenin kuzeydoğusunda

konumlanmıştır. Geçmiş medeniyetlerin ve dönemlerin canlı malzeme kalıntıları olarak tanımlanan tarihi anıtlar

ve arkeolojik değerler tarihi ve turistik öneme sahiptir. Bu alanlar aynı zamanda tarihi ve turistik yerleşimleri de

taşımaktadır. Kültürel gelişim tarihi ve kültürel kaynaklara bağlıdır. Hurmal ilçesi, kültürel kapsamda ele

alınması gereken ve değerler açısından çok zengin tarihi ve kültürel değerlere sahip ilçelerden birisidir. Hurmal,

medeniyetlerin doğduğu, yaşadığı ve kültürel mirasları barındıran ilçelerden biridir. Geleneksel binaların

çoğunda kullanılan yapı malzemeleri açısından tarih ve arkeoloji değere sahiptir. Maddi kültürel birikimler

günümüze kadar oldukça zengin kalmıştır. Türk egemenliğinde uzun tarihsel bir süreç geçiren bölgede çok

sayıda Türk dönemi yapılanması gerçekleşir. Bunun ışığında Hurmal’da Türk İslâm mimarisi altın çağını;

Selçuklu, Atabek ve Osmanlılar döneminde yaşamış, ancak bu eserlerin çoğu günümüze ulaşmamıştır. Lakin

Günümüze kadar ulaşa bilen Hurmal Ulu Camii Minaresi form, süsleme ve malzeme açısından farklı özeliklere

sahiptir. Bu araştırmada stratejik konumuyla ilçenin önemli bir statüsünde bulunan Türk yapıların kültürel

durumu incelemesine, Hurmal ilçesinin coğrafyası ve tarihi yapısı üzerine genel bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Türk

yapılarına ışık tutmanın yanı sıra Hurmal ilçesinin klasik bir Türk şehrinin izlerini taşıdığını göstermesi

bakımından da önem arz etmektedir.
TÜRKİYE’DE DONANMA CEMİYETLERİ: TARİHSEL SÜREÇTE GELİŞİM VE BAĞIŞ KAMPANYALARI
Authors: ÖZEL Mesut
Published: December 2022

Geçmişte denizlerdeki güç mücadelesi deniz kuvvetlerinin önemini artırmıştır. Bu mücadelede güçlü bir donanma uluslar için önemli bir itibar kaynağı olmuştur. Devletler donanma kurmak için kendi kaynaklarının yanında toplumsal kampanyalarla mali külfeti paylaşma yoluna gitmiştir. Bu bağlamda hem halk nezdinde denizcilik bilincini geliştirmek hem de kampanyaları yönlendirmek için Donanma cemiyetleri bir sivil toplum kuruluşu olarak hayat bulmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti’nde de donanmasızlık nedeniyle yaşanan toprak ve itibar kayıplarının yarattığı güdüyle 1909’da Donanma Cemiyeti kurulmuştur. Ardılı Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde akim kalan girişimlerin ardından 1965’te Donanma Cemiyeti Kıbrıs Krizinin sonrasında kurulmuş; donanmanın güçlendirilmesine önemli katkıda bulunmuştur. 1972’de Vakfa dönüşen oluşum, müşterek bir çatı altına girdiği 1987’ye kadar çeşitli kampanyalar yürütmüş, en önemlisi denizcilik bilincinin gelişmesine önemli katkıda bulunmuş, milli savunma sanayinin kurulmasını tetiklemiştir. Bu makalede, Donanma Cemiyetini tekrar ihya etme çabaları yanında, kurulduktan sonra yürüttüğü faaliyetler kendi yayını olan Derya dergisi, dönemin tanıklarının anıları ile diğer açık kaynaklar kullanılarak mercek altına alınmıştır.
BİR OSMANLI BÜROKRATI GÖZÜNDEN 1821 YUNAN İSYANI: ÖRFİ PAŞA VE COĞRAFYA-YI ÖRFİ
Authors: KOBAK Özge
Published: December 2022

19. yüzyıl, hem getirdiği askeri yenilgiler hem de fikir akımlarıyla Osmanlı Devleti için oldukça zorlu bir dönem olmuştur. Domino etkisi yaratan olaylardan biri sayılabilecek Yunan isyanı ise, 18. yüzyılın sonunu ve 19. yüzyılın başını etkisi altına almıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nde oldukça derin yaralar açan isyanlar, imparatorluğun kaderini değiştirmiştir.

İmparatorluk içerisinde, Yunan isyanının nasıl kontrol altına alınacağı tartışılırken, aynı zamanda isyanın diğer milletlere örnek olmaması üzerinde de durulmuştur. Dönemin baskın ideolojisi olan İslamcılık etkisiyle durum bir Müslüman ve gayrimüslim savaşı durumuna getirilmiş ve buna yönelik politikalar uygulanmıştır.

Dönemin bürokratlarından Örfi Paşa ise, isyanın yaşandığı Ege Adaları ile ilgili padişahı bilgilendirmek amacıyla Coğrafya-yı Örfi eserini çeviri yolu ile hazırlayıp padişaha sunmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Coğrafya-yı Örfi eserindeki söylemlerin, dönemin politikasıyla ilgisi araştırılmıştır.
BATUM SANCAĞI'NIN SOSYAL VE EKONOMİK GELİŞİMİ (1800-1877)
Authors: YILDIRIM Nesrin
Published: December 2022

Bu araştırmada amaç, Batum ve çevresinin Osmanlı devleti tarafından hâkimiyet altına alınmasıyla ile birlikte bilhassa XIX. yüzyıla gelindiğinde mezkûr coğrafyada yaşanan soayal ve iktisadi gelişmelere ışık tutmaktır. Batum; bulunduğu coğrafi konumun soğal sonucu olarak yüzyıllar boyu birçok medeniyetin hâkimiyeti altına girmiş kültür yelpazesi geniş bir bölgedir. En uzun Osmanlı devleti hâkimiyetinde kalan mezkûr şehrin siyasi ve idari sahalardaki gelişmelerine ilaveten XIX. yüzyıl boyunca sosyal ve iktisadi gelişmeleri incelenerek gerek Osmanlı'nın hâkimiyet altına aldığı doğu istikametindeki bölgelerin hemen her alandaki gelişmelerine örnek teşkil etme noktasında Batum önemli bir bölgedir. 1461 yılında gerçekleştirilen Trabzon seferi neticesinde hâkimiyet sağlanan Karadeniz coğrafyasında asıl istikrar 1514 Çaldıran muharebesi ve 1545 yılında Temerrüd Ali Paşa tarafından gerçekleştirilen Gürcistan seferi neticesinde kesin olarak sağlanmıştır. Batum Osmanlı hakimiyetne girdiği günden 93 Harbine kadar geçen süre içerisinde hemen her sahada peyderpey gelişme kaydetmiş önemli bir Osmanlı sancağıdır. Özellikle Anadolu ile Karadeniz'in diğer kısımı arasında ticari köprü görevini üstlenen Batum limanı iktisadi gelişmelerin beraberinde kültürel manada da önemli bir etkileşim unsuru olmuştur
OSMANLI HİLAL-İ AHMER CEMİYETİ'NE DESTEK OLMAK İÇİN KURULAN ALMAN YARDIM KOMİTESİ
Authors: BAYIR Ertuğrul
Published: December 2022

Osmanlı Hilal-i Ahmer Cemiyeti ile Alman Kızılhaçı arasında Trablusgarp Savaşı ve Balkan Savaşları esnasında meydana gelen yardımlaşma seferberliğinin bir örneğini de Birinci Dünya Savaşı yıllarında görüyoruz. Osmanlı Devleti'nin savaşa dâhil olmasıyla birlikte Alman Kızılhaçı Osmanlı cephelerinde Hilal-i Ahmer'e sağlık hizmeti hususunda destek olduğu gibi, cemiyet için Alman halkından yardım toplayacak olan "Alman Yardım Komitesi"nin kurulmasına da öncülük etmişti. Berlin'de kurulan bu komite sayesinde Alman halkı Hilal-i Ahmer'e hem nakdi, hem de ayni yardımda bulunmuş; ülkenin dört bir tarafından toplanan yardımlar İstanbul'a ulaştırılmıştı.

Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak Alman Yardım Komitesi'nin hangi şartlarda kurulduğu ve Hilal-i Ahmer Cemiyeti'ne yardım toplamak için nasıl bir çalışma yürüttüğü hakkında bilgi verilecek; daha sonra Yardım Komitesi'nin Hilal-i Ahmer'e destek olmak amacıyla Almanya'nın farklı şehirlerinde hangi etkinlikler düzenlediği, Alman basınına yansıyan bilgiler ışığında değerlendirilecektir. Ayrıca, Kızılay ve Osmanlı Arşivi belgelerine göre, Yardım Komitesi ve Alman Kızılhaçı tarafından toplanan yardımların İstanbul'a nasıl gönderildiği de burada ortaya konacaktır.
SURİYELİ MÜLTECİLER ÖZELİNDE TÜRKÇE’NİN ARAPÇA’YA ETKİSİ
Authors: FARHAT Kutaiba
Published: December 2022

Dilsel etki ve etki teorisi, insanlar karıştığı ve milletler bütünleştiği sürece varlığını sürdürür. Bu olgu, tarihte mevcuttu. Dil, başkalarıyla karışmaları nedeniyle atalarının bilmediği kelimeleri söyleyen çocukları aracılığıyla birçok faktöre bağlı olarak artan veya azalan yeni kelimeler bulabilen canlı bir varlıktır. Bugün Suriyeliler, savaş koşulları nedeniyle Türkiye'de bulunmaları nedeniyle daha önce bilmedikleri ve duyulduğunda anlam bakımından herhangi bir belirti oluşturmayan birçok Türkçe kelimeden etkilenmişler ve bu kelimeler dilsel kullanımın bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Ankara özelinde farklı statüdeki Suriyeli mülteciler tarafından günlük olarak tekrarlanıyorlar. Böylece günlük veya kısmi kullanımları nedeniyle anadillerinde orijinal ve muadilleri haline geldiler. Ekonomik, sosyal, ticari ve hatta güvenlik gibi sosyal faktörler bu kelimelerin kullanımını onlara dayatmış görünmektedir. Birkaç yıl içinde Suriyelilerin kullandığı kelimeler azar azar artabilir. Kullanılmayan kelimeler ölür veya azalır. Böylece zamanla Araplaşan yeni bir dilsel yapı gelişir. Suriye lehçesine göre, özellikle Suriyeliler tarafından konuşulan birçok Türkçe kelimenin fonetik çarpıklığı veya kısmen harf değişikliği olması onları Arapça'ya yaklaştırıyor ve telaffuzunu daha kolay hale getiriyor.
II. ABDÜLHAMİD DÖNEMİNDE OSMANLI TOPRAKLARINDA YABANCI SERMAYE REKABETİNİ ARTIRAN BİR UNSUR: BAĞDAT DEMİRYOLU PROJESİ
Authors: CİVCİ Sultan
Published: December 2022

19. yüzyılda sanayinin hızla gelişmesi ve Sanayi Devrimi’nin gerçekleştirilmiş olması, tüketim ihtiyaçlarının çoğalmasına ve sömürgecilik faaliyetlerinin artmasına yol açmıştır. Emperyalizmin temel yayılma araçlarından biri, sermaye ihraç etmek ve bunun için yeni yerler bulmaktır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Avrupa’nın büyük devletlerinin ortak bir yarı sömürgesi haline gelmesinde de, Avrupa sermayesi doğrudan rol oynamıştır. Avrupa ülkeleri nüfuz alanlarını genişletmek amacıyla sanayileşmemiş, zengin tahıl, pamuk ve özellikle petrol yatakları bulunan bölgelere, farklı yöntemler izleyerek yerleşmek istemişlerdir. Bu yöntemlerden biri, 19. yüzyıla damgasını vurmuş olan demiryolu ulaşım sistemi olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti sanayileşme aşamasını gerçekleştiremediğinden, ulaşım sorununu da kendi bünyesinde çözemeyip, yabancı devletlere ayrıcalıklar tanıyarak dönemin en önemli teknolojik aygıtını ülkesine getirmiştir. İngiliz ve Fransız sermayedarlar tarafından bazı kısa hatlar yapılmıştır; ancak II. Abdülhamid’in döneme damga vuran Bağdat Demiryolu imtiyazını, ülkedeki İngiliz ve Fransız tekelini kırmak düşüncesiyle Almanlara vermesi, büyük devletler arasında Osmanlı toprakları üzerinde bir demiryolu imtiyaz mücadelesine yol açmıştır. Bağdat Demiryolu Projesi, imtiyazı alan devlete Osmanlı’nın Balkan topraklarından Ortadoğu topraklarına kadar uzanan büyük bir alanda çok yönlü yararlar sağlamaktaydı. Ayrıca, demiryolu hattının bitiş noktasında bulunan Mezopotamya bölgesindeki petrol yataklarını işletme ve hatta bu bölgeyi tamamen ele geçirerek dünya siyasetinde başat güç olma amacında olan devletler için 19. yüzyıl sonlarından itibaren Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, uluslararası demiryolu savaşlarının en şiddetlilerine sahne olmuştur. Osmanlı örneğinde, sermaye ihracı yolu ile ekonomik yatırımlar yaparak, Osmanlı zenginliklerini İmparatorluğun dışına aktarmanın en belirgin şekli demiryolu yapımı idi. O dönemde yabancı sermaye ve imtiyaz denildiğinde akla Bağdat Demiryolu gelmekteydi. Zira Bağdat Demiryolu Projesi, aynı zamanda bir petrol yolu projesiydi. Bu çalışmada, Bağdat Demiryolu imtiyazı için dönemin güçlü devletlerinin verdiği mücadele anlatılmaya çalışılacaktır.
Ermeni Sorunu ve Istanbul Ermeni Patrikhanesi
Authors: TÜRKUÇAR Esma
Published: December 2022

Osmanlı Devletinde Istanbul Ermeni Patrikhanesinin halk uzerindeki etkisi ve faaliyetleri.
Peningkatan Populasi Ayam Buras Melalui Pengembangan Ayam Kampug Unggul (KUB) di Kabupaten Bima
Authors: Rahmaniya Nita , Rostati Rostati , Afrin Afrin , Nurma Nurma
Published: December 2022

Arah kebijakan pembangunan peternakan di Kabupaten Bima difokuskan pada upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan daging dan telur sebagai sumber kebutuhan protein, Sumbangan ayam lokal terhadap produksi daging unggas Kabupaten Bima Tahun 2019 sebesar 26,40 %  atau sebanyak 591 ton, Begitu pula produksi telur ayam lokal pada tahun 2019 sebanyak 215 ton atau 39,52 % terhadap produksi telur secara keseluruhan (Statistik Peternakan Kab. Bima 2019). Penelitian ini bertuan untuk :1). Peningkatan produksi daging dan telur sebagai dampak dari peningkatan populasi yang akan meningkatkan produksi ternak, 2). Kualitas komoditas ternak diperoleh dengan penyediaan bibit yang baik (good breeding practices), budidaya yang baik, penyediaan pakan yang baik (good feeding practices).
Penerapan Metode Diskusi Kelompok Terhadap Motivasi dan Daya Serap Siswa Mata Pelajaran IPA Kelas VII SMPN 1 Bolo Kabupaten Bima Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Uneng St , Widia Widia , Ewisahrani Ewisahrani
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan motivasi dan daya serap siswa melalui penerapan metode diskusi kelompok pada mata pelajaran IPA pada kelas VII SMPN 1 Bolo tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan mengammbil dua kelas sebagai sampel yang berjumlah 54 orang siswa kelas VII SMPN 1 Bolo Kabupaten Bima Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022 dengan alasan aktivitas siswa dan motivasi dalam diskusi pada kelas tersebut dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol dan penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada SMPN 1 Bolo Kabupaten Bima mulai Agustus 2021 sampai Oktober 2021. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan tes. Dengan taraf signifikan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara nilai pre- test dan post-test. Hasil tes siswa pada kelas eksperimen seperti terlihat pada hasil perhitungan yaitu 191, 254, 63, dan 149. Sedangkan pada kelas Kontrol hasil perhitungannya yaitu 146, 165, 19 dan 27 Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa t hitung = 7.74 dan t tabel = 1.67 dengan demikian t hitung t tabel. Hal ini disebabkan karena penggunaan metode diskusi kelompok dapat membantu siswa dalam menguasai pelajaran IPA dibuktikan dengan hasil analisis data sebesar 7.74 kemusian dikonsultasikan dengan tabel signifikan 5% dengan derajat kebebasan 58, menunjukkan nilai t hitung t tabel. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui penerapan metode diskusi kelompok pada pembelajaran IPA dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan daya serap siswa kelas VII SMPN 1 Bolo Kabupaten Bima Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022.
Relevansi Pemahaman Tentang Bakteri Terhadap Penerapan Pola Lingkungan Sehat Pada Kelas X SMA N 1 Madapangga
Authors: Muhaimin Abdul , Azmin Nikman , Azhar Azhar , Bakhtiar Bakhtiar , Hartati Hartati
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasi dengan mengunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dengan mengambil lima kelas sebagai populasi yang berjumlah 240 orang dengan juml;ah sampel 45 orang siswayaitu dua kelas X.1 empat kelas X.2  empat kelas X.3 pada siswa kelas X SMA N 1 Madapangga. Tehnik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan mengunakan metode angket dan tes. Metode tes digunakan untuk mengukutr variabel X (pemahaman tentang bakteri) sedangkan metode angket untuk mengukur variabel Y (pola lingkungan sehat).data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan tehnik korelasi product moment dengan taraf signifikan 5% dari hasil analisis data diperoleh hasil nilai rxy = 0,479 dan r tabel = 0,294 dengan N= 45 orang. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa ada relevansi pemahaman tentang bakteri terhadap penerapan pola lingkun gan sehat pada siswa kelas X SMA N 1 Madapangga. Karena berdasarkan hasil perhitungan rxy dengan mengunakan “r” product moment yang menghasilkan rxy atau r hitung =0,479 dan lebih besar dari nilai r tabel pada taraf signifikan 5% = 0,294 dan pada taraf signifuikan 10 % = 0,380. Artinya bahwa pemahaman siswa tentang bakteri pada siswa kelas X SMA N 1 Madapangga dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat dan menunjukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan terhadap penerapan pola lingkungan sehat.
ENHANCING POST-DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT TRAINING THROUGH SCENARIO-BASED LEARNING
Authors:   Institute of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Shrestha Rupesh , Jüpner Robert ,   Institute of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
Published: December 2022

Disasters resulting from natural hazards cause physical, social and economic damage. With rise in frequency and severity of such natural hazards each year, post-disaster shelter and settlement reconstruction projects are getting more and more complex. Future project managers who will be managing shelter and settlement reconstruction projects require continuous updating of their skills and knowledge to effectively contribute in disaster resilience. They require project management methodology and education to plan and implement projects that will deliver value to their stakeholders. In 2021, faculty from Technical University of Kaiserslautern in Germany as a Higher Educational Institute (HEI) together with partner institutes quickly integrated disaster related knowledge into its curriculum and offered elective course titled “Reconstruction of Shelter and Settlements after Disasters”. Through active learning strategy like scenario-based learning the course taught Master’s degree students from Civil engineering program about ways to integrate resilience into planning, design, construction process. Students worked through a storyline based on a complex problem of managing projects in post-disaster reconstruction in small groups. This paper describes the process of design of scenario-based learning. Furthermore, through literature review and from empirical evidence obtained from course evaluation survey this paper explores efficiency of scenario-based learning and identifies certain project management skillsets that can be delivered to students who want to work in post-disaster reconstruction projects. The findings show that scenario-based learning can engage students when its contents are well-structured to portray reality and complexity. A practical process for assessing, planning and delivering high value outcomes for post-disaster reconstruction projects immerses students into critical thinking and problem solving.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY SECTORS: EVOLUTION & FUTURE RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES
Authors:   University of Liege, HEC Management School, Belgium, Mroz Kamil , Lisein Olivier ,   University of Liege, HEC Management School, Belgium
Published: December 2022

This paper seeks to investigate the main areas of academic research in project management as they relate to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sector, and specifically how research on project management in this sector has evolved over the period 1990 – 2021. Leveraging a Systematic Literature Review, this paper analyzes academic works to determine areas of insight, future research and key findings through grouping of the results into clusters aligned to the Star Model™ to better understand and to explore the evolution in key research areas, while exploring how and why did the emphasis change from 1990-2021. The implications for academia is that this sector is of particular interest in light of the COVID-19 pandemic where pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies took center stage overcoming traditional limitations to drug development, which included re-thinking traditional project management practices. A valuable contribution of this paper is made by pointing out the key research gaps to position opportunities for the formulation of pragmatic, contextualized ways forward and future research.
THE IMPACT OF WORKFORCE AGILITY ON PROJECT SUCCESS: RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia, Samardžić Marko , Ćirić Lalić Danijela ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia, Marjanović Uglješa ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: December 2022

Applying an adequate approach to project management is dependent on numerous factors ranging from project type and industry to technological uncertainty and complexity. This paper distinguishes between traditional and agile project management and outlines how their performance and successfulness should be measured, focusing on the agile approach. This research proposal seeks to explore and evaluate the impact of Workforce Agility on the success of agile projects. A workforce is considered to be agile when they can adapt to forthcoming challenges and resolve them by using business and technical capabilities. To measure the extent of Workforce Agility this research uses the framework proposed is based on the factors of Proactivity, Adaptability, and Reactivity. Whereas the framework suggested to measure project success is based on five dimensions Project efficiency, Impact on the team, Impact on the customer, Business success, and Preparing for the future. Therefore, this paper suggests a framework for evaluating the impact of Workforce Agility on project success by assessing its impact on each of the five projects success dimensions.
WHERE PROJECT MANAGERS CAN GO TO DEVELOP THEIR SOFT SKILLS: A CURRICULUM MAPPING OF UNIVERSITY COURSES IN THE US, EUROPE AND CHINA AGAINST THE ACADEMIC LITERATURE AND IPMA’S ICB4.0
Authors:   Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Young Raymond , Qiao Han ,   Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
Published: December 2022

This research explores where project management practitioners can go to develop their soft skills. The academic research is presented and then summarised to identify the core soft skills needed for success (ICB4.0+). We then mapped the course offerings of top universities such as Harvard University, Oxford University and Tsinghua University against these core soft skills. We conclude that very few universities offer courses that develop the soft skills needed for project success. The practical implications of this research are that: The findings will guide project management practitioners on where they can go to develop the soft skills that are critical to project success. The newly developed ICB4.0+ may guide the development of project management education programs and may lead to practitioners actually being taught what they need to succeed. Further research is recommended to validate the mapping of university courses against the ICB4.0+ competencies.
COLLABORATIVE AND ADVERSARIAL INTERACTIONS ON THE PROJECT: A CONCEPTUALLY INTEGRATED APPROACH TO VALUE CO-CREATION
Authors:   Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture, University of Oslo, Norway, Pinho Filho Tércio
Published: December 2022

Project studies analyze co-creation or co-destruction of value as different categories of interaction, based on their outcome. In this paper I propose a framework in which value interactions sit on a spectrum, ranging from more creative to more destructive, as collaborative persuasion strategies gradually become adversarial. This analytical framework can be useful for coding data and discussing findings with a more nuanced understanding of co-creation processes that embraces action that cannot be considered purely collaborative. The main contribution of this paper is to distinguish middle ground strategies that mix elements of collaborative and adversarial interactions to co-create value in complex stakeholder environments. The case study selected to illustrate the analytical framework was an electrification project of four offshore platforms in Norway.
THE DESIGN AND RELIABILITY OF THE RESPONSIBLE PROJECT MANAGEMENT EDUCATION SCALE — PILOT STUDY
Authors:   Faculty of Economic and Business, Zagreb, Croatia, Vlahov Golomejić Rebeka D. , Labaš Davor ,   Faculty of Economic and Business, Zagreb, Croatia, Palić Irena ,   Faculty of Economic and Business, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: December 2022

Given the importance projects play in modern business and sustainability creation, the need for a project management approach with a more holistic and societal orientation and formal education for development of competent project managers became essential. With the aim of assessing the level of responsibility integrated into pedagogy and content within formal project management education at higher institutions, the authors of the paper developed and determined the reliability of a newly proposed responsible project management education scale. The pilot research was conducted in Croatia during April and May 2022 among lecturers for 87 project management courses at different academic levels. Using the principal component analysis, the initial number of items was reduced and the results indicate that the scale consists of three components: 1) dialogue, partnership and research, 2) methods and purpose 3) values, with Cronbach’s alpha varying between 0.855 and 0.871, and the overall Cronbach alpha equal to 0.873. The developed scale represents a solid basis for future research in the field of quantification and measurement of the activities in line with implementation of responsible project management education into all levels of formal higher education.
CAUSES AND IMPACTS OF DISPUTES IN THE NORWEGIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY WITH GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors:   Department of civil and environmental engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway, Sabri Omar Kusay , Torp Olav ,   Department of civil and environmental engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to examine how conflicts influence the construction industry in Norway and create an unhealthy environment that minimizes contractor engagement in future projects. To achieve this, for the first time, we performed a reversed Ishikawa cause and effect analysis using data obtained from interviews conducted with key personnel in the construction industry in Norway. Data gathered from the Norwegian Public Roads Administration, the Norwegian Association of Heavy Equipment Contractors, and court proceedings were included in the analysis. Most interviewees responded that productivity was negatively affected, which had a significant impact on infrastructure construction projects. However, none of the factors that result in conflicts in the construction industry showed statistically significant within- or between- group differences. Significant costs associated with conflicts affected all stakeholders in the construction industry resulting in untoward effects on entrepreneurial operations.
ROLY-POLY MODEL: WORK-BASED PROJECT LEADERSHIP AND VALUE CREATION
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Kyushu University, Japan, Lee Unho , Park Jeenyoung ,   Department of Engineering Practice, Graduate School of Engineering Practice, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Fahmy Mohamed ,   EHAF Consulting Engineers, Cairo, Egypt, Park Changwoo ,   Department of Engineering Practice, Graduate School of Engineering Practice, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Published: December 2022

“Work” has been paid less attention to as a key factor of project leadership. Project leaders need to better understand their work for successful project management. This study proposes Roly-poly Model as a tool for identifying distinctive characteristics of each work type (Zone 1, Zone 2, and Zone 3) to bring new insight into the determination of an effective leadership style. Operational work (Zone 1) tends to need more directive or coaching leadership, task work (Zone 2) tends to need more facilitating leadership, and project work (Zone 3) tends to need more supportive or delegating leadership. The project leadership based on the understanding of the qualities of different work zone highlights the competency of exercising the leadership right for the main work, which leads to the creation of sustainable project value and ecosystem. The proposal of the Roly-poly Model for project leadership is expected to help project managers exercise more effective, positive leadership and value in the future.
The Role of Entrustable Professional Activities in Competency-based Medical Education for Anesthesiology Residents: A Pilot Phase
Authors: Dabbagh Ali , Fadaeizadeh Lida , Gharaei Babak , Ghasemi Mahshid , Kamranmanesh Mohammadreza , Khorasanizadeh Shayesteh , Massoudi Nilofar , Mahdavi Seyed Alireza , Memary Elham , Moshari Mohammadreza , Nashibi Masoud , Sezari Parissa , Vosoughian Maryam
Published: December 2022

Background: After graduation, physicians should be able to provide professional and safe services without the need for supervision by their clinical professors, mandating a competency-based medical education (CBME) approach. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a national model of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) based on our experiences in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (DACC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU). Methods: The primary EPA design plan was designed in a 10-step model as a career roadmap for the project. The texts were prepared according to a consensus-based approach. On the other hand, the texts were reviewed and revised by a broad team of faculty in a daily workshop. Results: The final product included 14 topics for EPA as the first round of targeting topics for anesthesiology residents. The texts were developed using previous studies and were standardized considering national standards. Conclusions: We described a clear path toward designing and implementing EPAs in anesthesiology residency programs to improve the quality of the graduated residents. Though the basic theory is the same, each country needs its formula for implementing the process.
Assessment of the Delirium Prevalence Among Pediatric Patients Admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in West of Iran
Authors: Darabi Behzad , Alemzadeh Maryam , Karbasfrushan Ali , Borji Milad
Published: December 2022

Background: Delirium is often not diagnosed or treated in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Delirium leads to a longer hospital stay period, which in turn can result in an increase in hospital treatment costs and an increase in the risk of nosocomial infections. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of delirium and its risk factors in PICU pediatric. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 - 2022 in hospitals affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The data collection instruments included the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) and the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) questionnaire. Delirium was assessed by the researcher twice a day, in the morning and the evening. The assessment was carried out by a trained person, and the examination results were confirmed by an anesthesiologist who was a member of the research team. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS ver. 16. Results: According to our study results, the majority of the 89 examined patients were male (n = 52 cases, 59.8%), aged 13 - 16 years (n = 37 cases, 42.5%), and were admitted due to pneumonia (n = 24 cases, 27.6%). The prevalence of delirium was higher in patients with pain and those requiring oxygen therapy (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the overall prevalence of delirium in PICU patients was 25.3% (n = 22 cases). Conclusions: Investigating the prevalence of delirium in all age groups – pediatric and adolescents, in particular – was found to be extremely important. It was also found that the prevalence of delirium in PICU patients was significant; therefore, it was recommended that necessary preventive and medical interventions should be made to deal with these patients.
Physical Development at School Entry in Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism Diagnosed by the National Program of Newborn Screening in Iran
Authors: Yarahmadi Shahin , Nikkhoo Bahram , Parvizi Hesam , Motaghi Rozhin , Rahmani Khaled
Published: December 2022

Background: The newborn screening program for diagnosing and treating children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Iran was established in 2004. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the national program’s success in maintaining the physical development and anthropometric indexes of children with CH. Methods: This historical cohort study was carried out in five provinces located in five different geographical regions of Iran. The anthropometric indexes, including weight, height, and head circumference of 240 children diagnosed with transient congenital hypothyroidism (TCH) (n = 131) and permanent congenital hypothyroidism (PCH) (n = 109) were measured and compared with those of 240 healthy children aged six. Results: Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of weight, height, and head circumference of children with CH aged six were 20304.8 ± 4457.9 g, 115.6 ± 5.9 cm, and 50.8 ± 1.7 cm, respectively. Mean ± SD of height (116.7 ± 6.1 cm) and head circumference (51.1 ± 1.7 cm) in the control (healthy) group were significantly higher than those of the CH children group (P < 0.05). Mean ± SD weight in the control group (20741.2 ± 4337.3 g) was higher than that in the CH group (20304.8 ± 4457.9 g). However, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.3). No significant difference was observed between TCH and PCH children in the subgroup analysis (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Although the mean of anthropometric indexes in CH patients was slightly lower than that in healthy children aged six, the difference between the two groups was insignificant. The physical development of children with CH was evaluated as good. Our results suggested that the newborn screening program for identifying and treating children with CH in Iran may have improved the growth outcomes.
Ascending Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Following Aortic Valve Replacement: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Razeghi1 Ehsan , Akhlaghpasand Mohammadhosein , Majidi Ashkan , Farahani Setayesh , Zeraatian Nejad Sam , Eghbali Foolad
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm (AAP) rupture is a surgical emergency that needs immediate medical and surgical attention and treatment. This rupture can be caused by a variety of risk factors. Prior cardiovascular surgery is a common cause, and prior aortic valve operation is a rare cause. Case Presentation: In this case report, we describe a 47-year-old male with AAP who had a history of aortic valve replacement because of aortic stenosis.
RpoB Gene Mutation Characteristics of Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis in Anqing, China
Authors: Su Fan , Cao Lei , Ren Xia , Hu Jian , Wang Ximei , Fu Yuhan , Zhou Yumei , Wu Huan , Wen Yufeng , Jiang Mingfei , Tavengana Grace
Published: December 2022

Background: Rifampicin resistant tuberculosis is a serious problem faced by tuberculosis control in China, and rapid detection of rifampicin resistance is urgently needed. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the molecular characteristics and frequency of RNA polymerase β subunit (rpoB) gene mutations in rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) in the Anqing area. Methods: The rpoB gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and all isolates were sequenced for mutations in the rpoB gene. The mutations were obtained by comparing the sequencing results with the MUBII database. In addition, logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between rpoB mutations and rifampicin (RIF) resistance. Results: There were 152 males and 42 females in this study, and the mean age was 56.60 ± 17.91 years. Mutations in the rpoB gene were a risk factor for rifampicin resistance (β = 5.271, P < 0.001 OR = 195.192). Among the 19 RR-TB strains, 16 (84.21%) had mutations in the ropB gene, and three (1.71%) of 175 rifampicin-sensitive strains were mutated. The mutation sites of five strains (31.58%) were at the codon 526 and five strains (31.58%) at the codon 531. However, there were two strains at the codon 513 and two strains at the codon 533 (15.79%), and two strains (10.53%) were double mutations. Conclusions: The mutation characteristics of the rpoB gene in the Anqing area are complex, and rpoB mutation detection can be used as an indicator to screen drug resistance of RIF.
Association of Clinical and Laboratory Findings in COVID-19 Patients with Thromboembolic Complications
Authors: Mirabootalebi Fatemeh Sadat , Hoseinpour Moghadam Mahla , Kazemi Mohammad Hossein , Shekarriz-Foumani Reza , Najafizadeh Katayoun , Hajifathali Abbas , Ghafouri Raziyeh , Pirsalehi Ali , Amin Rozhin , Akhlaghi Sedighe Sadat
Published: December 2022

Background: COVID-19 is associated with dangerous thromboembolic complications, such as stroke, heart attack, pulmonary embolism, and arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Early diagnosis and even prediction of thromboembolic complications using biomarkers could facilitate the treatment and decrease the mortality rate. Objectives: This study evaluated and compared the clinical and laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients with thrombotic events with other COVID-19 patients. Methods: A total of 114 confirmed COVID-19 patients referred to Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between February and September 2020 were included in this cross-sectional study. Those with a history of thromboembolic disease were excluded. The laboratory data, including the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and counts of lymphocyte and neutrophil, along with clinical findings (such as oxygen saturation and lung involvement percentage), were retrospectively collected from the patients’ clinical files. The incidence of thrombotic events was evaluated in patients. Results: The prevalence of thrombosis in the right and left main pulmonary arteries, right and left sub-segmental pulmonary arteries, and right and left deep veins was 2.7%, 3.5%, 7%, 7.9%, 4.4%, and 1.8% of all patients, respectively. The results showed that thromboembolic complications were significantly associated with mortality (P < 0.001). Besides, it was found that LDH (P < 0.001) and neutrophil (P = 0.002) levels in thromboembolic COVID-19 patients were respectively higher and lower than those without thromboembolic manifestations. Conclusions: High LDH and neutropenia might serve as biomarkers for thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients.
Momengi Dan Perannya Sebagai Kontributor Utama Pengembangan Ekonomi Dusun Tumba Desa Pongongaila
Authors: Abd Mei
Published: December 2022

Momengi (corn farming) is the main occupation of the residents of Tumba Hamlet, Pongongaila Village, Pulubala District, Gorontalo Regency. Corn farming business can improve the economy of the community (farmers). In this study, researchers used a qualitative descriptive study by conducting explorative studies of the role of agricultural businesses in developing and improving the economy of the community (farmers). The results showed that agricultural business specifically requires human labor in one agricultural cycle so that this activity can open jobs for the community and improve the economy of Pongongaila Village. One agricultural cycle consists of: (1) the process of planting corn seeds (Molude), (2) the process of fertilization (2 times fertilization), (3) the process of spraying pests (2-3 times spraying), (4) the process of felling corn plants ( Totobu), (5) Stripping Process (Mongalipo), (6) The process of transportation from the highlands to the lowlands (Kijang), (7) The process of milling (molotori), (8) Transportation to the corn warehouse (last place).
Menguak Alasan Dibalik Minimnya Nasabah Pengguna Bank Syariah Di Gorontalo
Authors: Gulam Mirzan
Published: December 2022

In Gorontalo, Islamic Banking has the same potential as other financial institutions. But the number of customers saving at a Sharia Bank will still be very minimal and this is certainly in contrast to the majority of Gorontalo Muslims who are Muslim. The reason is there are several things such as the lack of public knowledge about the principles and concepts of Islamic Banks and service systems in Islamic Banks that are not as modern and as good as Conventional Banks, as well as the lack of branch offices or units that are scattered in Gorontalo. This prompted researchers to examine the causes of the lack of customers using Islamic banks as well as the factors that caused underdeveloped Islamic banks in Gorontalo. In this study, researchers used qualitative methods, namely using secondary data types and using four data collection techniques, namely, documentation, literature studies, discussions / interviews, and intuitive-subjective. The results of this study indicate that the importance of the role of Islamic Banks for the majority of Gorontalo people is Muslim so that it requires an increase.
TAWAKAL: Konsep Intern Control dalam Bisnis Syariah
Authors: Bakhtiar Yohan
Published: December 2022

The concept of intern control has not been widely developed by researchers in the accounting/auditing field. This study aims to uncover the meanings of intern control in Islamic business perspective. Islamic phenomenology used as a method of this research. The concept of intern control with Tawakal principle is the substance of the findings in this study. Tawakal means fully surrendering to Allah SWT in facing or waiting for the results of a job, or waiting for the consequences of a situation.
Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat (BPR) Syariah Di Indonesia
Authors: Kadir Rifadly , Rahman Supandi
Published: December 2022

Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat (BPR) Syariah di Indoneisa menghadapi sejumlah tantangan di tengah wabah Covid-19. Di masa pandemi Covid 19 saat ini, BPR Syariah akan menghadapi beberapa kemungkinan resiko terhadap kinerja keuangan. Untuk itu perlu di lakukan Penelitian untuk menganalisis dampak Covid-19 terhadap kinerja keuangan BPR Syariah dengan melakukan analisa Laporan Keuangan menggunakan rasio keuangan yaitu rasio Return On Asset (ROA), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Finance (NPF) dan Financing Deposit to Ratio (FDR). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data yang diambil adalah 6 Bulan sebelum dan 6 Bulan setelah diumumkannya kasus pertama Covid-19 yaitu pada 2 Maret 2020. Data diolah dengan paired sample t-tes, dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Dari hasil pengolah data, menunjukkan Secara keseluruhan dampak Covid-19 terhadap kinerja keuangan BPR Syariah di Indonesia bahwa dampak Covid-19 terhadap BPR Syariah berdampak signifikan pada variabel NPF dan FDR. Adapun variabel CAR dan ROA tidak berdampak signifikan atau tidak terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan pada saat sebelum dan sesudah diumumkannya kasus Covid-19 pertama kali.
Pengaruh Anggaran Berbasis Kinerja Terhadap Kinerja Anggaran Pada Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Gorontalo
Authors: Rizal Rahma , Lomagio Afriana , Daiyaana Putri
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruhanggaran berbasis kinerjayang terdiri dari Komprehensif (X1), Fleksibilitas (X2), Terprediksi (X3), Kejujuran(X4), Informasi (X5), Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas (X6) baik secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap kinerja anggaran (Y) pada Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Gorontalo. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan sampel sebanyak 68 responden. Hasil pengujian hipotesis meunjukan bahwa (1) anggaran berbasis kinerja yang terdiri dari: Komprehensif, Fleksibilitas, Terprediksi, Kejujuran, Informasi serta Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Anggaran pada Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Gorontalo. Dengan demikian hipotesis yang diajukan dapat diterima (terbukti). (2) Anggaran Berbasis Kinerja yang terdiri dari Komprehensif (X1), secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Anggaran (Y) pada Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Gorontalo. (3) Anggaran Berbasis Kinerja yang terdiri dari Fleksibilitas (X2), secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Anggaran (Y) pada Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Gorontalo. (4) Anggaran Berbasis Kinerja yang terdiri dari Terprediksi (X3), secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Anggaran (Y) pada Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Gorontalo. (5) Anggaran Berbasis Kinerja yang terdiri dari Kejujurab (X4), secara parsialberpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Anggaran (Y) pada Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Gorontalo. (6) Anggaran Berbasis Kinerja yang terdiri dari Informasi (X5), secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Anggaran (Y) pada Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Gorontalo. (7) Anggaran Berbasis Kinerja yang terdiri dari Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas (X6), secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Anggaran (Y) pada Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Gorontalo.
Praktik Akuntansi Keuntungan Berbasis Nilai Sabari Dan Huyula (Studi Kasus pada Pedagang Sembako di Gorontalo)
Authors: Thalib Anwar , Sugeha Hilwa , Sujianto Anisa , Hurudji Sindriyanti , Sahrul Mohamad
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini berangkat dari permasalahan tentang masih minimnya jumlah kajian akuntansi berbasis kearifan lokal dibandingkan dengan kajian akuntansi modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memotret praktik keuntungan oleh para pedagang sembilan bahan pokok (SEMBAK0) di Gorontalo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan analisis data model Miles dan Huberman, yaitu reduksi, penyajian, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada masa pandemi covid 19 terjadi penurunan keuntungan. Keuntungan yang diperoleh oleh pedagang digunakan untuk membiayai kebutuhan kesahari-hari, sebagai modal usaha, dan beramal. Kedua praktik akuntansi keuntungan tersebut berbasis dengan nilai sabari dan huyula.
Analisis Implementasi Akuntansi Masjid Berdasarkan PSAK 45 Dan Berbasis Komputer
Authors: Gunibala Zakir , Amaliah Tri Handayani , Mahmud Muliyani
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi akuntansi masjid berdasarkan PSAK 45 dan berbasis komputer pada Masjid Al-Falah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, dengan menggunakan sumber data primer. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, catatan dan rekaman, dengan menggunakan teknik pengujian keabsahan data dilakukan dengan perpanjangan pengamatan, meningkatkan ketekunan dan triangulasi. Lokasi penelitian berada di Masjid Al-Falah Kelurahan Moodu Kota Gorontalo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Masjid Al-Falah telah melakukan pencatatan, tetapi masih belum sesuai dengan PSAK 45 karena hanya terdapat laporan penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas. Sementara ditinjau dari komputerisasi, Masjid Al-Falah telah menggunakan sistem komputer untuk menunjang pencatatan dan pelaporan keuangan masjid. Dibuktikan pada bentuk laporan sederhana masjid yaitu penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas dengan format yang diinput melalui komputerisasi. Dalam penelitian ini disertai rancangan form laporan keuangan yang lebih lengkap sesuai dengan PSAK 45 dalam sistem komputerisasi. akuntansi berbasis komputer yang terurai dalam beberapa bagian. Di antaranya yaitu 1) perbaikan dalam prosedur operasional dan pengendalian, dalam hal ini pembagian tugas bisa lebih teratur lagi; 2) Sebuah aplikasi akuntansi masjid sederhana yang membantu dalam melakukan pencatatan dan pelaporan; 3) Media penyimpanan dan pengarsipan yang berguna untuk mem-backup data-data penting, sehingga bisa diakses kapan saja dan di mana saja dan 4) Media publikasi laporan keuangan
Analisis Pembiayaan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah di KS-BMT Al-Ikhwan Aman Sejahtera
Authors: Muhammad Sanusi  , Idayanti Nursidah  , Ariadi Muslim
Published: December 2022

Perkembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah sangatlah pesat, setiap tahun pelaku UMKM akan bertambah, tetapi kendala dalam pembiayaannya membuat pelaku UMKM kesulitan dalam melakukan usahanya, dikarenakan UMKM belum bisa mengakses masuk ke perbankan. Oleh karena itu, BMT bisa menjadi solusi  pembiayan bagi pelaku UMKM tersebut. Fokus kajian dalam penelitian ini. (1) Prosedur yang diberikan BMT Al-Ikhwan Aman Sejahtera terhadap pembiayaan UMKM. (2) Bagaimana cara BMT Al-Ikhwan Aman Sejahtera menerapkan pembiayaan UMKM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat kualitatif, dengan tehnik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan studi pustaka.

            Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa. (1) BMT Al-Ikhwan Aman Sejahtera menerapkan prosedur pada anggota sebagaimana prosedur pencairan yang telah dibuat. Kedua, penerapan pembiayaan untuk UMKM menggunakan dua akad yaitu akad mudharabah dan murabahah. Jika menggunakan akad mudharabah pihak BMT akan memberikan modal usaha dengan jumlah yang berbeda-beda tergantung jenis usahanya. Sedangkan, jika menggunakan akad murabahah, pihak dari BMT akan membelikan barang usaha untuk dijual oleh anggota UMKM. Jika barang tersebut dibeli sendiri oleh anggota, maka BMT akan mengakadkan dan melisankan bahwa BMT mewakilkan kepada anggota untuk membeli barang yang dibutuhkan dengan harga jual yang disepakati.