bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Scaling and Individual Differences
Authors: Green Paul E. , Rao Vithala R.
Published: December 2018

This article compares, via synthetic data analysis, the performance of five different methods for scaling averaged dissimilarities data under conditions involving individual differences in “perception.” All methods perform well when no “degradation” of the (simulated) ratings is entailed. When the data are transformed to zero-one values—a procedure sometimes followed in applied studies—all procedures perform poorly compared to the no-degradation case. Implications of these results for scaling applications involving group solutions are discussed.
Feminine Role Perception and Family Purchasing Decisions
Authors: Green Robert T. , Cunningham Isabella C. M.
Published: December 2018

The changing role of women in U.S. society will be manifested in several aspects of male-female behavior. This study compares family decision-making patterns under different conditions of female role perception. The findings suggest differences between contemporary and traditional families, particularly within age and income categories.
Market Segments and Stochastic Brand Choice Models
Authors: Blattberg Robert C. , Sen Subrata K.
Published: December 2018

The modeling of buyer behavior by stochastic brand choice models has typically involved the use of a single model to represent the behavior of all consumers though consumer heterogeneity is recognized by allowing the model's parameters to vary across the population. However, analysis of panel data for several frequently purchased products indicates the existence of several distinct consumer segments which are difficult to represent by a single model. It is shown, instead, that in order to describe adequately the behavior of these segments, it is necessary to use several different models while allowing consumers within a segment to have different model parameters. It is further shown that simple heterogeneous multinomial and Markov models appear to be adequate to represent the behavior of most of the segments.
Comments on “Attribution Theory and Advertiser Credibility”
Authors: Hansen Robert A. , Scott Carol A.
Published: December 2018

A recent JMR article summarized attribution theory and presented data from an experiment predicated on this theoretical framework. Several conceptual and methodological issues in this original article are discussed and the conclusions drawn from the data are questioned.
Factors Moderating the Resolution of Preference Conflict in Family Automobile Purchasing
Authors: Burns Alvin C. , Granbois Donald H.
Published: December 2018

A comparison of husbands’ and wives’ preferences in 11 subdecisions of the automobile purchase decision revealed strong similarity in first choices but moderate discrepancy in total preference distributions. However, analysis of responses to measures of involvement, empathy, and recognized authority supports the hypothesis that these factors may reduce substantially the likelihood of conflict-resolving behavior, thus suggesting the need to add these variables to models of family decision making.
Attribution Theory Implications for Advertisement Claim Credibility
Authors: Golden Linda L.
Published: December 2018

In an advertising experiment investigating message claim credibility, realistically the researcher probably is not dealing with naive respondents. Thus, the respondents’ past experiences with advertising become a part of the attributional process. A reply is made to “Comments on Attribution Theory and Advertiser Credibility.”
Measures of Interviewer Bias and Variance
Authors: Bailar Barbara , Bailey Leroy , Stevens Joyce
Published: December 2018

Two studies of interviewer bias and variance are reported. One is a controlled experiment which yielded estimates of interviewer variability. The other, in which a controlled experiment was not feasible, yielded indications of a relationship between “success” in collecting income data and interviewer characteristics and attitudes.
Focus Groups and the Nature of Qualitative Marketing Research
Authors: Calder Bobby J.
Published: December 2018

Use of the focus group technique is widespread in qualitative marketing research. The technique is considered here from a philosophy of science perspective which points to a confusion of three distinct approaches to focus groups in current commercial practice. An understanding of the differences among these approaches, and of the complex nature of qualitative research, is shown to have important implications for the use of focus groups.
Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys
Authors: Armstrong J. Scott , Overton Terry S.
Published: December 2018

Valid predictions for the direction of nonresponse bias were obtained from subjective estimates and extrapolations in an analysis of mail survey data from published studies. For estimates of the magnitude of bias, the use of extrapolations led to substantial improvements over a strategy of not using extrapolations.
Improving Predictive Power of Conjoint Analysis by Constrained Parameter Estimation
Authors: Srinivasan V. , Jain Arun K. , Malhotra Naresh K.
Published: December 2018

The prediction of first choice preferences by the full-profile method of conjoint analysis can be improved significantly by imposing constraints on parameters based on a priori knowledge of the ordering of part worths for different levels of an attribute. Constrained estimation however, has little effect on the predictive validity of the tradeoff method because the preference judgments within rows (or columns) of tradeoff tables have largely the same role as the constraints.
Promised Incentives in Media Research: A Look at Data Quality, Sample Representativeness, and Response Rate
Authors: Goetz Edward G. , Tyler Tom R. , Cook Fay Lomax
Published: December 2018

The authors examine the effects of using promised incentives to increase respondent compliance in media research. The impact of promised incentives on data quality, sample representativeness, and response rate is studied. The use of promised incentives is found to increase response rates without lessening sample representativeness or response quality. In fact, the data suggest that incentives heighten response quality because they increase the attention respondents devote to the task for which they are being paid.
Reliability and Validity of Alternative Measures of Channel Member Satisfaction
Authors: Ruekert Robert W. , Churchill Gilbert A.
Published: December 2018

The authors describe the development of multiple-item measures to capture the construct of channel member satisfaction. Two measures are developed that are found to have high levels of reliability and validity. In addition, the construct of channel member satisfaction is found to be multidimensional, involving satisfaction with products, financial considerations, social interaction, cooperative advertising programs, and other promotional assistances.
A Non-Experimental Investigation of Demand Artifacts in a Personal Selling Experiment
Authors: Lim Jeen-Su , Summers John O.
Published: December 2018

The authors propose that non-experiments be a frequent component of laboratory investigations addressing personal selling. A comparison of the results of a replication of an earlier experiment with those of a parallel non-experiment suggests the need to establish greater experimental realism in buyer-seller interaction research.
An Empirical Investigation of Some Antecedents of Opportunism in a Marketing Channel
Authors: John George
Published: December 2018

The author examines the determinants of opportunistic behavior in an interfirm relationship. Data from a franchise setting are examined for the effects of inter-organizational structure and interfirm influence on attitudes and opportunistic behavior. The results indicate that opportunism is affected by attitudes as well as such factors as interorganizational structure. Theoretical and managerial implications for the analysis of marketing channels are offered.
Notes on Aggregation Criteria in Market Segmentation
Authors: Blozan William , Prabhaker Paul
Published: December 2018

First, the authors seek to dispel any misunderstanding that standard price discrimination theory prescribes a profit-maximizing aggregation criterion. They argue that Tollefson and Lessig misinterpreted this theory, but prove that the latter authors’ unwarranted implication is justified in the case of linear demand functions and constant marginal costs. Second, the authors argue that the “theoretical evidence” presented by Tollefson and Lessig against using elasticities to cluster segments is, in fact, no evidence at all, and that their simulations may be valid only under extreme conditions. Finally, a new theorem is offered which provides some support for using clustering techniques to disaggregate markets.
Alternative Questionnaire Formats for Country Image Studies
Authors: Jaffe Eugene D. , Nebenzahl Israel D.
Published: December 2018

Two different questionnaire formats based on the semantic differential scale have been used in comparative image studies of countries. The authors test the reliability and validity of each format and find that though the two formats have nearly equal reliability, they are not equivalent. Country image studies that have different questionnaire formats may not be comparable, even if the scale items are the same.
Associative Positioning Strategies through Comparative Advertising: Attribute versus Overall Similarity Approaches
Authors: Dröge Cornelia , Darmon René Y.
Published: December 2018

The authors compare the relative effectiveness of comparative/noncomparative and product-based/non-product-based advertising in the implementation of an associative strategy for cognitive brand positioning. Two metaconstructs, cognitive accuracy and cognitive clarity, are defined, each within an attitude model and a probabilistic multidimensional scaling model. The results from these very different methodological and conceptual approaches indicate that direct comparative advertisements are superior in engendering overall brand positioning, whereas only product-based direct comparative ads are superior in engendering brand positioning at the attribute level, and only in terms of positioning clarity.
Salesforce Compensation: An Empirical Investigation of Factors Related to Use of Salary versus Incentive Compensation
Authors: John George , Weitz Barton
Published: December 2018

The transaction cost analysis framework is integrated with prescriptions from the sales management literature to develop a model that indicates the role of salary in a sales compensation plan for industrial firms. The descriptive power of the model is examined by surveying compensation practices in 161 firms. The results indicate that the transaction cost framework is somewhat useful in describing the use of salary, but the framework does not consider some important aspects guiding salary versus incentive compensation decisions.
The Impact of Feelings on Ad-Based Affect and Cognition
Authors: Burke Marian Chapman , Edell Julie A.
Published: December 2018

The authors examine the relationships among feelings generated by new television ads for unfamiliar products, judgments of the ads’ characteristics, brand attribute evaluations, attitude toward the ad, and attitude toward the brand in a simultaneous equation model. Feelings affect attitude toward the ad and attitude toward the brand directly and indirectly. The particular effects of three different dimensions of feelings—upbeat, warm, and negative—are identified. The results are robust to multiple viewings of the ad, different measurement delay periods, and the particular ad seen.
A Bootstrap Procedure for Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indices of Structural Equation and Confirmatory Factor Models
Authors: Bone Paula Fitzgerald , Sharma Subhash , Shimp Terence A.
Published: December 2018

The authors propose a bootstrap procedure for evaluating the goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation and confirmatory factor models. Monté Carlo simulations are applied to obtain a bootstrap sampling distribution (BSD) for each fit statistic. Then the BSD is used to evaluate model fit. Because the BSD takes into consideration sample size and model characteristics (e.g., number of factors, number of indicators per factor), its application in the proposed procedure makes it possible to compare the fits of competing models. Two previous studies are reanalyzed in illustrating how to implement the proposed procedure.
Some Results on the Behavior of Alternate Covariance Structure Estimation Procedures in the Presence of Non-Normal Data
Authors: Sharma Subhash , Durvasula Srinivas , Dillon William R.
Published: December 2018

The authors report some results on the behavior of alternative covariance structure estimation procedures in the presence of non-normal data. They conducted Monté Carlo simulation experiments with a factorial design involving three levels of skewness, three level of kurtosis, and three different sample sizes. For normal data, among all the elliptical estimation techniques, elliptical reweighted least squares (ERLS) was equivalent in performance to ML. However, as expected, for non-normal data parameter estimates were unbiased for ML and the elliptical estimation techniques, whereas the bias in standard errors was substantial for GLS and ML. Among elliptical estimation techniques, ERLS was superior in performance. On the basis of the simulation results, the authors recommend that researchers use ERLS for both normal and non-normal data.
Country Image: Halo or Summary Construct?
Authors: Han C. Min
Published: December 2018

The author examines the role of country image in consumer evaluations of television sets and automobiles. Specifically, two alternative causal models are developed and tested: (1) the halo model hypothesizing that country image serves as a halo in product evaluation and (2) the summary construct model hypothesizing that country image functions as a summary construct. The test results indicate that when consumers are not familiar with a country's products, country image may serve as a halo from which consumers infer a brand's product attributes and which affects their attitude toward the brand indirectly through product attribute rating. In contrast, as consumers become familiar with a country's products, country image may become a construct that summarizes consumers’ beliefs about product attributes and directly affects their attitude toward the brand.
Branded Variants: A Retail Perspective
Authors: Bergen Mark , Dutta Shantanu , Shugan Steven M.
Published: December 2018

Manufacturers frequently offer myriad variations of a branded product. In many cases, manufacturers have tens to hundreds of models. Seiko wrist watches, for example, may come with different bands, chimes, and special features. The authors call these variations branded variants and suggest that manufacturers offer branded variants for the benefit of their most direct customers—retailers. With branded variants, a consumer must remember, evaluate, and process a wider variety of product features to make comparisons across variants and retail outlets. The authors suggest that as branded variants increase, some consumers experience an increased cost of shopping for a branded product across retail stores. Consequently, fewer consumers shop across retail stores. This reduced shopping translates into reduced competition across retail stores, which encourages (1) more retailers to carry a branded product and (2) retailers to supply that branded product with more retail service support. The authors use data from three retailers across 14 product categories to demonstrate that a branded product with more variants often has greater retail availability and higher levels of retail service.
Flexible Purchase Frequency Modeling
Authors: Brockett Patrick L. , Golden Linda L. , Panjer Harry H.
Published: December 2018

The authors present a general framework for purchase frequency modeling that enables flexible fitting and convenient computation. Their easily described purchase frequency distributions subsume many previous models and provide a connection between mixed Poisson marketing models and the conceptually distinct compound Poisson models. These distributions provide simple parametric equations for individual-level prediction of second-period purchase frequency based on observed first-period purchase frequencies. The results are applied to four marketing panel data sets.
Measuring the Influence of Individual Preference Structures in Group Decision Making
Authors: Arora Neeraj , Allenby Greg M.
Published: December 2018

Group purchase decisions are affected by the preference structures of individual members and the influence they have in the group. In this article, the authors develop a hierarchical Bayes model of group decision making that yields individual estimates of influence at the product attribute level. The authors show that the distribution of these estimates provides useful information for effectively managing marketing activities. In addition, the proposed model relates the measures of influence to covariates useful for identifying high-influence individuals. Predictive tests demonstrate that the proposed model, using an “inferred” measure of influence, leads to more accurate predictions than alternative measures.
HINoV: A New Model to Improve Market Segment Definition by Identifying Noisy Variables
Authors: Carmone Frank J. , Kara Ali , Maxwell Sarah
Published: December 2018

Although cluster analysis is the procedure most frequently used to define data-based market segments, it is not without problems. This research addresses one of its major problems: the selection of the “best” subset of variables on which to cluster. If this selection is not made carefully, “noisy” variables that contain little clustering information can cause misleading results. To help isolate potentially noisy variables prior to clustering, the authors discuss a new algorithm, the Heuristic Identification of Noisy Variables (HINoV). They demonstrate its robustness with artificial data. In addition, the authors illustrate the potential of HINoV to yield more managerially useful market segments (clusters) when applied to two real marketing data sets. Implementation of HINoV is straightforward and will help avoid a major problem in using K-means cluster analysis for market segment definition, as well as for other similar types of research.
Ileocaecal tuberculosis: an under-recognised cause of vitamin B12 deficiency
Authors: Pannu Ashok Kumar , Palanisamy Dinesh Raja
Published: December 2018

A combination of anaemia and knuckle pigmentation should always raise concern for megaloblastic anaemia. As the terminal ileum is the site of vitamin B12 absorption and also the commonest site of abdominal tuberculosis, a clinical triad of prolonged fever, knuckle pigmentation and right lower quadrant abdominal tenderness should suggest ileocaecal tuberculosis in endemic areas.
Hardware-in-the-loop simulation and implementation of a fuzzy logic controller with FPGA: case study of a magnetic levitation system
Authors: Akbatı Onur , Üzgün Hatice Didem , Akkaya Sirin
Published: December 2018

This paper presents the design and implementation of a fuzzy logic controller using Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). First, a Sugeno-type fuzzy logic controller with five triangular and trapezoidal membership functions for two inputs and with nine singleton membership functions for one output is examined. The proposed structure is tested with second- and third-order system model using FPGA-in-the-loop simulation via a MATLAB/Simulink environment. Then, for different kinds of fuzzy logic controllers, a new look-up table (LUT) and interpolation-based controller implementation is proposed to eliminate the computational complexity of the primarily designed structure. As a case study, a magnetic levitation system is controlled with an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) trained fuzzy logic controller, then it is simulated and implemented using a LUT-based controller. Finally, we provide a comparison of results.
Personality and Functional Vision in Older Adults with Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Rovner Barry W. , Casten Robin J. , Hegel Mark T. , Massof Robert W. , Leiby Benjamin E. , Ho Allen C. , Tasman William S.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

The purpose of the study was to determine whether personality traits influence self-reported functional vision in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods

This is a prospective cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Low Vision Depression Prevention Trial. Participants ( N = 182) over age 65 with bilateral AMD, visual acuity worse than 20/70 in the better-seeing eye, and subthreshold depression were recruited from the Wills Eye Hospital retina practice. Assessments included visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire–25 plus Supplement (NEI VFQ–25) near and distance subscales, depression, and personality testing. Structural equation models were used to investigate the relationship of the NEI VFQ near activities and distance activities with the various demographic, clinical, and psychological predictors.

Results

In the single-predictor model for near functional vision, visual acuity at logMAR ≤ 1 (estimate = −0.33 [95% confidence interval {CI} −0.46, −0.20]; p ≤ 0.001), neuroticism (estimate = −0.05 [95% CI −0.08, −0.01]; p = 0.01), and education (estimate = −0.08 [95% CI 0.01, 0.15]; p = 0.03) were statistically significant predictors. In the single-predictor model for distance functional vision, only visual acuity at logMAR ≤ 1 (estimate = −0.49 [95% CI −0.69, −0.29]; p ≤ 0.001) and neuroticism (estimate = −0.09 [95% CI −0.15, 0.02]; p = 0.008) were statistically significant predictors. Discussion: Self-reported functional vision depends on the severity of vision loss as well as the personality trait of neuroticism.

Implications for practitioners

Assessment of personality traits, particularly neuroticism, may increase the precision of rating scales of functional vision and suggest new rehabilitative interventions to improve the functional vision and quality of life of patients with AMD.
“What page, Miss?” Enhancing Text Accessibility with DAISY (Digital Accessible Information SYstem)
Authors: Spooner Sue
Published: December 2018

Introduction

The provision of specially formatted materials is a complex and increasingly difficult task, given the extensive and burgeoning range of texts and resources available for classroom use. The need to extend the provision of accessible formats to include digital resources (in addition to braille, audio, and large print) led to a study that examined the benefits of providing curriculum materials in DAISY (Digital Accessible Information SYstem). The pilot study—Enhancing Text Accessibility for New Zealand Students, which was undertaken in 2008 and 2009—was designed as a qualitative study to determine the advantages and disadvantages of DAISY books compared with traditional formats and to evaluate the DAISY-related training needs of students and support staff members.

Method

Purposive sampling was used to select participants who were identified by resource teachers employed by the Blind and Low Vision Education Network New Zealand (BLENNZ) and the Manurewa High School Vision Resource Room. A total of 12 students in years 7–10 attending secondary schools and 13 support personnel took part in the study, which involved training, interviews, and focus group sessions.

Results

The overall response to DAISY was very positive, with a number of advantages over traditional formats identified. Participants were satisfied with the DAISY training they had received and reported high levels of confidence and competence in using DAISY.

Discussion

Significant variables were identified as affecting the use of DAISY, including student preferences, abilities, and motivation; availability of DAISY text; reliability of and support for technology; and the provision of appropriate training in DAISY.

Implications for practitioners

DAISY books provide a valuable adjunct to traditional accessible formats and should be a considered an option for students with visual impairments as part of their literacy provisions or “toolbox.”
A Service Delivery Model for Physical Activity in Students with Visual Impairments: Camp Abilities
Authors: Haegele Justin A. , Lieberman Lauren J. , Lepore Monica , Lepore-Stevens Maria
Published: December 2018

Educational services for students with visual impairments have changed over the past several decades. During this time, Camp Abilities, a developmental sports camp, has emerged as an authority in physical education instruction. This article describes Camp Abilities as a service delivery model for athletes and professional preparation students and discusses several educational strategies used at the camp.
Braille and Tactile Graphics: Youths with Visual Impairments Share Their Experiences
Authors: Rosenblum L. Penny , Herzberg Tina S.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Data were collected from youths with visual impairment about their experiences with tactile graphics and braille materials used in mathematics and science classes.

Methods

Youths answered questions and explored four tactile graphics made using different production methods. They located specific information on each graphic and shared their thoughts about the quality of the graphics.

Results

Twelve youths in 6th to 12th grades participated. Almost all participants reported typically receiving braille materials and using tactile graphics in their mathematics and science classes. Participants varied in their accuracy in locating specific information in four tactile graphics. They all reported that what made a tactile graphic “good” was clarity of information.

Discussion

The majority of the youths reported that occasionally they do not have access to mathematics and science materials at the same time as their peers. Some seemed concerned by the lack of materials, and others did not. The lack of materials may be problematic, since some of the students reported completing the assignments later or not at all. Youths overwhelmingly reported a need to have tactually distinctive elements in graphics.

Implications for practitioners

Professionals should consult youths when preparing materials for them for use in mathematics and science classes. Additionally, youths who are tactile readers need direct instruction in how to measure objects as well as how to locate specific information in a variety of graphics prepared using different production methods.
Initial Validation Study for a Scale Used to Determine Service Intensity for Itinerant Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments
Authors: Pogrund Rona L. , Darst Shannon , Munro Michael P.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to begin validation of a scale that will be used by teachers of students with visual impairments to determine appropriate recommended type and frequency of services for their students based on identified student need.

Methods

Validity and reliability of the Visual Impairment Scale of Service Intensity of Texas (VISSIT) were evaluated using a mixed-methods survey research design. Participants used the VISSIT to determine services for at least one student and then completed an electronic survey regarding the use of the tool.

Results

Twenty-five participants completed at least one VISSIT and completed the electronic survey. Social validity was supported by 92% of the participants stating that the tool was easy to use as a way to determine service time and was also supported by 96% of the participants stating that they would use the VISSIT for determining the type and amount of service recommended for their students. Consequential validity was supported by 71% of the participants stating that the tool's results matched their professional judgment regarding student need and recommended service time and was also supported by 75% of the participants stating that the tool's results directly translated into type and amount of service they would recommend. Internal consistency reliability was demonstrated by the result of a factor analysis of Cronbach's Alpha statistic of .747 for the entire set of VISSIT items.

Discussion

The results demonstrate that the VISSIT is a moderately valid and reliable tool for helping teachers of students with visual impairments determine the type and amount of visual impairment services based on individual student need.

Implications for practitioners

The VISSIT is a tool that itinerant teachers of students with visual impairments can use to determine the appropriate amount of service for all students on their caseloads and offers a more objective way to recommend service intensity based on student need.
Digital versus Traditional: Secondary Students with Visual Impairments’ Perceptions of a Digital Algebra Textbook
Authors: Bouck Emily C. , Weng Pei-Lin , Satsangi Rajiv
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Digital textbooks are increasingly marketed and used, yet little research examines this medium. Within the limited research, even less investigates the role of digital textbooks in mathematics—a challenging content area for many students, but especially for students with visual impairments.

Methods

Through a qualitative analysis, this study sought to understand the nature of the use of a digital algebra textbook to support secondary students with visual impairments in algebra.

Results

The results suggest three main themes: (a) students’ dependence on their traditional textbook medium, (b) educators’ reactions to the technology, and (c) the benefits of using the digital textbook despite resistance. The three themes culminate in clear student preferences for traditional textbooks.

Discussion

The general resistance to use of the technology warrants caution in terms of schools moving forward with the adoption of digital textbooks, and it suggests that additional examination of the topic is needed.

Implications for practitioners

Practitioners can consider using digital textbooks, but they will need to ensure that they and their students are both properly motivated and adequately trained to use such technology.
Applying the Foundational Concepts from Early Intervention to Services Provided to Young Children with Visual Impairments: A Literature Review
Authors: Ely Mindy S. , Ostrosky Michaelene M.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

The foundational concepts of early intervention are: family-centered and relationship-based practices, natural environments, child learning, adult learning, and quality team practices (Pletcher & Younggren, 2013). In this literature review, the authors consider the application of these concepts to services provided to families of infants and toddlers with visual impairments (that is, those with blindness or low vision) by vision professionals.

Methods

Three databases (ERIC, ProQuest, and PsychINFO) were used to search for articles from 1997 to 2016, focusing specifically on infants and toddlers with visual impairments. Twenty-seven articles met the criteria for inclusion in the review.

Results

Family-centered practices are valued by virtually all researchers in the field of visual impairment. Practices that promote parent-child relationships are especially important, given the specialized needs for early communication and the development of strong social relationships. Concerning the natural environment, commentators from the field of visual impairment are critical of federal definitions of natural environments; however, a broader definition of natural environments is supported. Child and adult learning are viewed as important for the promotion of positive outcomes for children and families who receive early intervention services, as is practice that promotes the formation of quality teams.

Discussion

The foundational concepts of early intervention (Pletcher & Younggren, 2013) have applicability to professionals working with infants and toddlers with visual impairments and their families. Research supports these concepts as beneficial in achieving positive child and family outcomes.

Implications for practitioners

Pre-service and in-service training programs for visual impairment should include early intervention principles and concepts in a manner that prepares the workforce to address the unique needs of this population.
The Perspectives of Teachers and Paraeducators on the Relationship between Classroom Clutter and Learning Experiences for Students with Cerebral Visual Impairment
Authors: McDowell Nicola , Budd Julia
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) typically affects children's overall functioning in visually cluttered environments. This study aims to consider whether the removal of classroom clutter ameliorates visual problems and the associated behavioral difficulties for these children.

Methods

Two classrooms at a special school were de-cluttered. Changes included: covering glass panels with thick black paper; hanging sheets over open shelving; creating areas of blank wall in front of the student to focus attention on work; removing unnecessary equipment and furniture; and taking down information on windows and walls, and that hanging from ceilings. Teachers, paraeducators, and students worked in these classrooms for two weeks, following typical daily routines. Observations by teachers and paraeducators of students’ behavior and learning experiences before and after de-cluttering were sought through interviews.

Findings

The perspectives of the teachers and paraeducators were that de-cluttering had a positive effect on the students’ learning experiences and behavior and also on their own functioning. They also considered the fact that creation of learning spaces lined with black paper resulted in greater attention and focus, but that students continued to be distracted by the noise and movement of others.

Discussion

The potential link between cluttered classrooms and students’ functioning and behavior indicates that visual clutter may amplify the visual difficulties associated with CVI and distract the students from learning activities, and is in line with current literature. Changes to classroom layouts that include specific areas for different learning activities, including “black hubs,” may therefore benefit students with CVI.

Implications for practitioners

This pilot study suggests that the elimination of classroom clutter and the creation of black hub learning spaces enhances functioning and merits further investigation. A study that compares specific behaviors and performances, before and after implementation of de-cluttering strategies, might also determine whether the positive effects described by the teachers can be further corroborated.
Looking at Charles Bonnet Syndrome: Prevalence and Experiences of Patients Attending a Vision Rehabilitation Clinic
Authors: Ord Lisa M. , Henderson Amy , Christiansen Robert M.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Charles Bonnet syndrome in a population of patients seen in a vision rehabilitation clinic and to gain deeper insight into the content of visual hallucinations that are experienced.

Methods

This investigation was a retrospective review of medical record vision rehabilitation evaluations from 100 adult patients who were seen consecutively in a vision rehabilitation clinic. Data collected included age, gender, eye condition, current medications, other medical diagnoses, current living situation, and responses to questions about Charles Bonnet syndrome symptomatology.

Results

Eight participants were excluded from analysis due to diagnosis of cognitive impairment or a current anticholinergic medication. A total of 25.0% (n = 23) of eligible patients with visual impairments reported visual hallucinations that met the definition of Charles Bonnet syndrome. Images of people (35%) were the most common hallucinations reported by participants, followed by images of animals (26%).

Discussion

The occurrence of this syndrome in our study is near the mid-range of estimated prevalence in the professional literature.

Implications for practitioners

Individuals with this syndrome are hesitant to disclose that they are experiencing hallucinations for fear of being seen as having dementia or psychosis. An important concept for vision professionals, especially those offering visual rehabilitation, is integrating screening for Charles Bonnet syndrome into their care planning. Demonstrating that the syndrome is not a rare occurrence helps raise awareness of it in people with vision loss, thus explaining it as not so unusual and facilitating a discussion between patients and professionals that will reduce the apprehension that many individuals with visual impairments have that these hallucinations are a sign of more concerning conditions.
Toenail alterations in chronic venous disease patients are not always of mycotic origin
Authors: Bajuk Vid , Leskovec Nada Kecelj , Ručigaj Tanja Planinšek , Suhodolčan Aleksandra Bergant , Dolenc-Voljč Mateja
Published: December 2018

Objective

The prevalence of toenail alterations in chronic venous disease has only rarely been studied. We aimed to establish the frequency and clinical characteristics of toenail onychomycosis in chronic venous disease.

Methods

We included 80 adult patients, in all stages of chronic venous disease. Onychomycosis was confirmed by mycological examination. The clinical type of onychomycosis and the onychomycosis severity index were determined. Clinical characteristics of non-fungal nail changes were also analyzed.

Results

We included 58 women and 22 men, with a mean age of 67.0 years. Pathological toenail changes were observed in 83.8% of patients. Onychomycosis was confirmed in 33.8% of all patients and was more frequent in higher clinical stages of chronic venous disease (p = 0.009). Trichophyton rubrum was the leading causative pathogen. Disto-lateral onychomycosis was most commonly present. Average onychomycosis severity index was 23.1.

Conclusion

Onychomycosis accounted for 40% of all toenail alterations. Patients with chronic venous disease often have severe and difficult to treat toenail onychomycosis.
Exclusively Synchronous Online (VIRI) Learning: The Impact on Student Performance and Engagement Outcomes
Authors: Francescucci Anthony , Rohani Laila
Published: December 2018

There are growing trends in postsecondary education that emphasize the importance of online and technology-enabled learning. This study aims to investigate whether the use of virtual, interactive, real-time, instructor-led (VIRI) online learning can deliver the same student performance and engagement outcomes as a face-to-face (F2F) course. The data consist of 698 participants taught in eight sections, over two semesters, with two different instructors. An analysis of variance was used to compare the differences for both student performance and engagement outcomes. The findings show that a synchronous course delivered using VIRI classroom technology has the same level of student performance outcomes as F2F learning. This study suggests that VIRI technology is an effective synchronous learning environment.
Northern Ireland and the limits of the race relations framework
Authors: Gilligan Chris
Published: December 2018

Anti-immigrant racism has become a prominent issue in Northern Ireland since 1998. It is an issue that is routinely understood and tackled through a ‘race relations’ framework. The first part of this article outlines and discusses the data on immigration and on recorded racist incidents in Northern Ireland, within a race relations framework. The second part of the article argues that the race relations framework is inherently limited because it treats racism as a crime to be punished, rather than as a manifestation of contradictions within capitalism as a social system.
A novel curcumin-loaded nanoparticle restricts atherosclerosis development and promotes plaques stability in apolipoprotein E deficient mice
Authors: Meng Ning , Gong Yan , Zhang Jiefeng , Mu Xin , Song Zhimei , Feng Runliang , Zhang Hua
Published: December 2018

Although curcumin possesses anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, its application is limited because of its low aqueous solubility and poor oral bioavailability. Recently, our group synthesized a novel linear-dendrimer methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymer nanoparticle loading curcumin (Cur-NPs) which could improve solubility and release property of curcumin. In the present study, we further evaluated its anti-atherosclerotic effect in apolipoprotein E−/− mice. Our results demonstrated that the Cur-NPs significantly decreased atherosclerotic lesion areas and were more effective in stabilizing vulnerable plaques compared with free curcumin. The anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms of Cur-NPs include decreasing the number of introplaque microvessels, inhibiting the matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 activity, reducing the inflammatory response and regulating lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism more effectively compared with free curcumin. Furthermore, Cur-NPs could increase the amount of curcumin in the thoracic aorta and no significant toxicity was observed in the blood biochemical parameters in Cur-NPs-treated groups. Overall, our findings suggested that Cur-NPs could be a stabilized aqueous formulation for application with improved curcumin activity, which could be a potential treatment strategy for arteriosclerosis in the future.
Transitional Care: Nursing Knowledge and Policy Implications
Authors: Ortiz Mario R.
Published: December 2018

It is important to develop and implement policies that are unique to nursing practice situations. To do so, nurses must participate in policy development that connects disciplinary knowledge with policy formulation. The purpose of this paper is to explore connections between nursing knowledge and transitional care. This is done with a discussion of transitional care definitions and models, along with connections to concepts and principles within extant nursing theories and models.
A Proposed Islamic Nursing Conceptual Framework
Authors: Sadat Hoseini Akram Sadat
Published: December 2018

The proposed conceptual framework was developed specifically for nursing within the context of Islamic culture. Each of the four multidimensional concepts of the conceptual framework—humans, health, environment, and nursing—clearly reflects Islam. The dimensions of humans are body, spirit, nature, instinct, and Fetrat. The dimensions of health are wellness, disease, intellectual health, transcendence, and Qalbe Salim. The dimensions of environment are natural and social. The concept, nursing, is regarded as a science and an art. The goal of nursing is to seek solutions to problems.
Philosophical Theories of Truth and Nursing: Exploring the Tensions
Authors: Thoun Deborah S. , Kirk Megan , Sangster-Gormley Esther , Young James O.
Published: December 2018

In this paper, the authors explore three philosophical theories of truth and offer a critique of this foundational area of scholarship for nursing. A brief summary of key ideas related to the three substantial philosophical theories of truth—that is, correspondence, pragmatism, and coherence—serves to highlight various convictions and commitments that facilitate or discourage the growth of nursing knowledge in particular ways. The authors conclude that the coherence theory of truth offers a more inclusive view of truth and best captures and supports the diversity that exists within nursing knowledge and the regulative ideal to which nursing aspires.
Still More Thoughts About Conceptual Models and Literature Reviews: Focus on Health Policy
Authors: Fawcett Jacqueline , Cronin Julie , Cuccovia Barbara , Valorie Katherine
Published: December 2018

This essay is the second of two essays about the use of a conceptual model to guide scoping reviews of literature. The first essay, published in the previous issue of Nursing Science Quarterly, provided examples of the use of the conceptual model of nursing and population health as a starting point for the construction of conceptual-theoretical-empirical structures for scoping reviews. In this essay, the examples are of the use of the conceptual model of nursing and health policy.
Displacement vectors control method for orienter ribs during path correction in coiled tubing drilling
Authors: Li Meng , Su Kanhua , Hu Shuli , Wan Lifu , Chen Weiqing
Published: December 2018

The well path easily deviates from the original design trajectory during coiled tubing drilling, which needs to be corrected with an orienter. A three-segment correction trajectory with two arc segments and a line segment is constructed based on the differential geometry principle, and the direction at the target is consistent with the direction of the original borehole. Based on the parameters of the design correction trajectory, a mathematical relationship between trajectory parameters and the displacement vectors of orienter ribs is established by using the vector analysis method. According to the principle of minimum energy, the problem of multisolvability in mathematics is avoided. Then, the control model of the displacement vectors of orienter ribs with the parameters' variation of the designed correction trajectory is established. The similarly periodic variation rule of displacements of orienter ribs with the variation of tool face angle is obtained, and the closed-loop control scheme for correction trajectory while drilling is made. The results of field test show that by using coiled tubing drilling, during the circular arc section of the designed three-segment correction trajectory, the displacement vectors of orienter ribs vary similarly periodically, which is called the directional drilling mode. During drilling in the slanted segment, the displacements of each rib are equal, which is called the keeping drilling mode. The design method of correction trajectory and the displacement vector control method of the orienter ribs are practicable during path correction in coiled tubing drilling, which is helpful to improve the efficiency of coiled tubing drilling.
Radiofrequency Ablation and Radiation Therapy Improve Local Control in Spinal Metastases Compared to Radiofrequency Ablation Alone
Authors: Prezzano Kavitha M. , Prasad Dheerendra , Hermann Gregory M. , Belal Ahmed N. , Alberico Ronald A.
Published: December 2018

Purpose:

The spinal column is the most common location for osseous metastases and is associated with pain and decreased quality of life. This study evaluated combined radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with radiation therapy (RT) compared to RFA alone for improving pain and local control.

Methods:

This was a single-institution retrospective review of patients who underwent RFA of spinal metastases between 2016 and 2017, with or without RT to the same vertebral level. Pain was measured with visual analog scale at initial presentation and at 3 and 12 weeks of follow-up. Local failure (LF), distant failure, and overall survival (OS) were compared and Kaplan-Meier statistics were calculated.

Results:

Twenty-six patients with 28 spinal metastases were treated with RFA. Ten patients with 11 metastases were treated with RFA + RT. More patients with lung primaries were treated with RFA alone and more patients with breast primaries were treated with combination RFA+RT. There was no significant difference in pain scores between groups ( P = .96). At a median follow-up of 8.2 months, LF was noted in 8 of 17 metastases treated with RFA alone compared to 1 of 11 metastases treated with RFA+RT ( P = .049). There was a significant benefit in time to LF favoring RFA+RT ( P = .02) and a significant benefit in OS ( P = .0045).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates a benefit in local control with RFA+RT versus RFA alone. Palliation of pain was effective using both regimens. This study was limited by a nearly unequal distribution of primary tumor histologies between groups. Literature regarding combined treatment of RFA and RT for spinal metastases is scarce and prospective protocols are warranted.