bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ITEM - agro-food microbial culture collection: The importance of toxigenic fungi in the fight against mycotoxins
Authors: Fanelli Francesca , Logrieco Antonio
Published: January 2015

Fungal culture collections are important to biologists, microbiologists,
epidemiologists and others involved in health and natural sciences. The
improvement of techniques and methods for fungal isolation and preservation
has contributed to maintain large microbial collections, which represent a
rich source of biological sciences research, especially taxonomic,
pathological and biodiversity studies as well as industrial applications. The
collection centers are responsible for repository reference strains and for
the maintenance of these microorganisms. The ITEM Microbial Culture
Collection of ISPA (Institute of Sciences and of Food Production) includes
more than 10,000 strains belonging to various agro-food microorganisms with
phytopathological and toxicological significance. These microorganisms are
mainly fungal pathogens belonging to toxigenic genera of Fusarium,
Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Penicillium. This collection is a remarkable
resource in the fight against mycotoxins: the increasing number of toxigenic
fungi included in this collection ensures an original genetic source for
biotechnological applications in several fields of research, contributing to
knowledge improvement about fungal biology and strategies development for
reducing mycotoxin contamination.
Initial experience with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde biliary stenting for treatment of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction in dogs
Authors: Berent Allyson , Weisse Chick , Schattner Mark , Gerdes Hans , Chapman Peter , Kochman Michael
Published: January 2015

Objective—To describe techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and endoscopic retrograde biliary stenting of the common bile duct (CBD) for minimally invasive treatment of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction (EHBDO) in dogs.

Design—Experimental study and clinical report.

Animals—7 healthy research dogs and 2 canine patients.

Procedures—ERC and endoscopic retrograde biliary stenting were performed in healthy purpose-bred research dogs and client-owned dogs with a diagnosis of EHBDO that underwent an attempted biliary stent procedure. Research dogs were euthanized after completion of the procedure and underwent necropsy. With dogs under general anesthesia, the pylorus was cannulated with a side-view duodenoscope, and the duodenum was entered. The major duodenal papilla (MDP) and minor duodenal papilla were then identified, and the MDP was cannulated. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde biliary stenting were attempted with the aid of endoscopy and fluoroscopy in all dogs. Procedure time, outcome for duodenal and MDP cannulation, and success of stent placement were recorded.

Results—Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was successfully performed in 5 of 7 research dogs and in 1 of 2 patients. Biliary stenting was achieved in 4 of 7 research dogs and 1 of 2 patients, with a polyurethane (n = 4) or self-expanding metallic stent (1). One patient had a mass such that visualization of the MDP was impossible and no attempt at biliary cannulation could be made. After placement, stent patency was documented by means of contrast cholangiography and visualization of biliary drainage into the duodenum intra-operatively. No major complications occurred during or after the procedure in any patient. Follow-up information 685 days after stent placement in 1 patient provided evidence of biliary patency on serial repeated ultrasonography and no evidence of complications.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—ERC and endoscopic retrograde biliary stenting were successfully performed in a small group of healthy dogs and 1 patient with EHBDO, but were technically challenging procedures. Further investigation of this minimally invasive technique for the treatment of EHBDO in dogs is necessary before this may be considered a viable alternative to current treatment methods.
Surgery and electrochemotherapy for the treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in a yellow-bellied slider (Trachemys scripta scripta)
Authors: Lanza Andrea , Baldi Alfonso , Spugnini Enrico P.
Published: January 2015

Case Description—A 5-year-old female yellow-bellied slider (Trachemys scripta scripta) was referred for evaluation of a 2-month nonhealing ulcerated mass on the dorsal aspect of the neck.

Clinical Findings—The turtle was quiet, alert, and responsive, with a 2 × 1.5-cm ulcerated lesion on the neck. Signs of discomfort were observed during manipulation of the neck; no other abnormalities were detected during physical evaluation.

Treatment and Outcome—Following total body radiography and hematologic and serum biochemical analysis, the turtle was anesthetized and the mass was surgically removed. The excised tissue was submitted for histologic evaluation. A histopathologic diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was made. Further surgical revision was not an option because of the extensive nature of the lesion; therefore, the tumor bed was treated with electrochemotherapy (ECT). Two sessions of ECT were performed with a 2-week interval between treatments. Electrochemotherapy involved intratumoral administration of bleomycin followed by trains of biphasic electric pulses. The treatment was well tolerated, and the turtle was disease free after 12 months.

Clinical Relevance—ECT resulted in good local control of SCC and should be considered as a possible postsurgical adjuvant treatment in reptiles with cutaneous tumors.
Thinking Together and Alone
Authors: Kuhn Deanna
Published: January 2015

Collaborative intellectual engagement is held in high regard in contemporary educational thought as a pedagogical practice of broad value to K–12 students. To what extent is this enthusiasm warranted? Is the practice uniformly productive, or does variability exist in the contexts in which collaboration is effective, the mechanisms involved, and the objectives achieved? In addition to examining these questions, this article suggests further questions that might be addressed with the objective of establishing a more comprehensive base of evidence to substantiate the practice of collaborative learning. Finally, the article reconsiders why collaborative cognition should be a critical concern.
Determinants of Police Strength in Canadian Cities: Assessing the Impact of Minority Threat
Authors: Ruddell Rick , Thomas Matthew O.
Published: January 2015

The minority threat proposition posits that the size of minority populations is positively associated with levels of formal social control. Recent research in other nations has shown a clear and consistent relationship between the size of subordinate populations and the number of police as well as increased law enforcement spending. This study examined the relationships, in Canada’s largest cities, between six indicators of minority populations and both the ratio of police officers to residents and per capita policing expenditures. Inconsistent with the results of recent US, German, and Spanish studies, indicators of population heterogeneity were not significantly associated with police strength or spending. Levels of police-reported violent crime and population density, however, were strongly associated with both measures of police strength. Police strength was also positively associated with cities that had municipal police services, higher unemployment rates, and the percentage of conservative voters in provincial elections. Implications for the development of theories of formal social control are discussed.
A Process Evaluation of Toronto’s First Youth Mental Health Court
Authors: Davis Krista M. , Peterson-Badali Michele , Weagant Brian , Skilling Tracey A.
Published: January 2015

Youth mental health courts are a relatively new type of specialty court designed to address the mental health needs of justice-involved youth, usually with the ultimate goal of desistance from future offending. As part of a process evaluation of Toronto’s first youth mental health court, court records and files for 127 youth who participated in the program from its inception in 2011 until August 2013 were reviewed to (1) describe the operation of the court and the clients it serves, (2) explore predictors of successful completion of court requirements, and (3) examine how the court addresses the mental health and criminogenic needs of its clients. Most clients successfully completed the court requirements, with case-processing time comparable to that of “traditional” youth courts; completers were more likely than non-completers to have a mental health diagnosis and higher initial treatment motivation. Half of youth received treatment targeted to their identified mental health needs. Analysis of a subsample of cases indicated that, for most youth, mental health issues were indirectly related to their offences, indicating the need to address criminogenic needs in addition to mental health needs in the court. Findings are discussed with regards to best practice for treating justice-involved youth with mental health needs.
Effects of Aquatic Therapy and Land-Based Therapy versus Land-Based Therapy Alone on Range of Motion, Edema, and Function after Hip or Knee Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gibson Alison J. , Shields Nora
Published: January 2015

Purpose: To determine whether aquatic therapy in combination with land-based therapy improves patient outcomes after hip or knee arthroplasty compared with land-based therapy alone. Methods: For this systematic review, six online databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, EMBASE, Cochrane, and PEDro) were searched from the earliest date available until September 2013. Controlled trials published in English in a peer-reviewed journal that compared aquatic therapy in combination with land-based therapy with land-based therapy alone were included; trial quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Data were presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs), their associated 95% CIs, and meta-analyses. Results: Three small trials of moderate quality were included in the qualitative analysis. Meta-analysis of two of these studies found moderate-quality evidence that aquatic therapy in combination with land-based therapy improves functional outcomes (SMD=0.53; 95% CI, 0.03–1.03), knee range of motion (measured in knee or hip arthroplasty; SMD=0.78; 95% CI, 0.27–1.29), and edema (SMD=−0.66; 95% CI, −1.16 to −0.15) compared with land-based therapy alone. The results for improved functional outcomes were not considered clinically significant. Conclusions: It is not possible to draw confident conclusions from this review because of the small number of studies of limited quality and the modest differences found. Further studies of sound methodological quality are required to confirm the results. Economic analysis alongside randomized controlled trials is needed to examine the cost-effectiveness of these clinical outcomes.
Ordering Diagnostic Imaging: A Survey of Ontario Physiotherapists' Opinions on an Expanded Scope of Practice
Authors: Chong Jodie Ng Fuk , De Luca Krista , Goldan Sana , Imam Abdullah , Li Boris , Zabjek Karl , Chu Anna , Yeung Euson
Published: January 2015

Purpose: To explore Ontario physiotherapists' opinions on their ability to order diagnostic imaging (DI). Methods: An online questionnaire was sent to all registered members of the College of Physiotherapists of Ontario. Descriptive statistics were calculated using response frequencies. Practice characteristics were compared using χ2 tests and Wilcoxon rank–sum tests. Results: Of 1,574 respondents (21% response rate), 42% practised in orthopaedics and 53% in the public sector. Most physiotherapists were interested in ordering DI (72% MRI/diagnostic ultrasound, 78% X-rays/computed tomography scans). Respondents with an orthopaedic caseload of 50% or more (p<0.001) and those in the private sector (p<0.001) were more interested in ordering DI. Respondents preferred a DI course that combined face-to-face and Web-based components and one that was specific to their area of practice. Most respondents perceived minimal barriers to the uptake of ordering DI, and most agreed that support from other health care professionals would facilitate uptake. Conclusion: The majority of Ontario physiotherapists are interested in ordering DI. For successful implementation of a health care change, such as physiotherapists' ability to order DI, educational needs and barriers to and facilitators of the uptake of the authorized activity should be considered.
Inter- and Intra-observer Agreement of the Motion Palpation Test for Lumbar Vertebral Rotational Asymmetry
Authors: Bracht Marcelo Anderson , Nunes Guilherme S. , Celestino Jardel , Schwertner Debora Soccal , França Leandro Cardoso , de Noronha Marcos
Published: January 2015

Purpose: To investigate inter- and intra-observer agreement in the assessment of lumbar vertebral rotational (VR) asymmetry by a motion palpation test. Methods: For this prospective and descriptive test–retest study, 51 asymptomatic participants (40 women, 11 men; mean age 23.3 [SD 5.6] years) were recruited from the community. Each participant was assessed in two sessions by the same three observers, who assessed VR by means of a palpatory test for movement asymmetry. This test is performed by applying posteroanterior pressure in an alternating manner to the left and right transverse processes of a vertebra to determine motion asymmetry in the transverse plane and thus the vertebral position. Observers classified the vertebral position as neutral, rotation to the right, and rotation to the left; they were blinded to which participant was being assessed and to any previous results. Results: Intra- and inter-observer agreement was verified by the kappa coefficient (κ) and the weighted kappa coefficient (κw). Values of κ and κw varied from 0.07 (95% CI, −0.10 to 0.245) to 0.37 (95% CI, 0.11–0.63) for intra-observer agreement and from 0.12 (95% CI, −0.06 to 0.29) to 0.30 (95% CI, 0.08–0.52) for inter-observer agreement. Conclusion: The motion palpation test used to assess VR asymmetry has low agreement levels; therefore, its clinical significance for measuring vertebral position is questionable.
Impact of College-Administered Quality Practice Assessments: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Repeat Peer Assessments of Continuing Competence in Physiotherapists
Authors: Norman Kathleen E. , O'Donovan Mary Jane , Campbell Fiona
Published: January 2015

Purpose: The College of Physiotherapists of Ontario (CPO) developed its peer practice assessment (PA) process under statutory requirements for quality assurance. Each year, a small percentage of physiotherapists, most selected at random, undergo PA. To shed light on continuing competence, we report outcomes from physiotherapists who have had two PAs. Methods: Records were extracted for physiotherapists with two unrelated PAs. Demographic features, peer assessors' scores, and consequent outcome decisions were examined. Outcomes were examined cross-sectionally (vs. other PAs in the same time period) and longitudinally (within cohort). Results: Between 2004 and 2012, 117 Ontario physiotherapists underwent two unrelated PAs, typically 5–7 years apart. This cohort was representative of Ontario physiotherapists in terms of sex ratios, education, and years in practice. At the first PA (PA1), this cohort's outcomes were similar to those of other physiotherapists; at the second PA (PA2), they were better than others undergoing PA1 in the same period (p=0.02). The cohort's outcomes were better at PA2 than at PA1 (p<0.001). Conclusions: Physiotherapists are likely to meet professional standards in a repeat PA 5–7 years after an initial one. Additional research is required to identify risk factors for not meeting standards. The findings provide empirical evidence to guide ongoing development of the CPO's quality management program.
Feasibility of a Pedometer-Based Walking Program for Survivors of Breast and Head and Neck Cancer Undergoing Radiation Therapy
Authors: Javaheri Pantea Amin , Nekolaichuk Cheryl , Haennel Robert , Parliament Matthew B. , McNeely Margaret L.
Published: January 2015

Purpose: This pilot study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a pedometer-based walking program for people with breast cancer and head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing radiation therapy treatment. Methods: Participants were given a pedometer and prescribed a home-based walking program that included an individualized weekly step-count goal during the 3- to 5-week course of radiation therapy. Feasibility was determined by calculating recruitment rate, completion rate, and rate of adherence. Secondary outcomes included 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance, step count, physical activity level, and psychological outcomes of depression, happiness, self-esteem, and sleep quality. Results: A total of 21 participants were recruited. All participants completed the study; adherence to prescribed step counts was 91% at follow-up. Analysis found a significant improvement in happiness, as measured by the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (mean difference 0.3, p=0.003), and a borderline significant improvement in 6MWT distance (mean difference 35 m, p=0.008). Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of a pedometer-based walking program for survivors of breast cancer and HNC undergoing radiation therapy.
ELISPOT Assays in 384-Well Format: Up to 30 Data Points with One Million Cells
Authors: Hanson Jodi , Sundararaman Srividya , Caspell Richard , Karacsony Edith , Karulin Alexey , Lehmann Paul
Published: January 2015

Comprehensive immune monitoring requires that frequencies of T cells, producing different cytokines, are measured to establish the magnitude of Th1, Th2, and Th17 components of cell-mediated immunity. Antigen titration provides additional information about the affinity of T cell response. In tumor immunity, it is also advisable to account for determinant spreading by testing multiple epitopes. Efforts for comprehensive immune monitoring would require substantial numbers of PBMC to run the above tests systematically, which in most test cases is limiting. Immune monitoring with ELISPOT assays have been performed, thus far, in a 96-well format. In this study we show that one can increase cell utilization by performing the assay in 384-well plates whose membrane surface area is one third that of 96-well plates. Systematic testing of PBMC for antigen-specific T cell response in the two formats demonstrated that the 384-well assay corresponds to a one-in-three miniaturization of the 96-well assay. The lowest number of cells that can be used in the 384-well format, while allowing for sufficient contact with APC, is 33,000 PBMC/well. Therefore, with one million PBMC typically obtained from 1 mL of blood, a 30 well T cell ELISPOT assay can be performed in a 384-well format.
How Tightly Linked Are Pericopsis elata (Fabaceae) Patches to Anthropogenic Disturbances in Southeastern Cameroon?
Authors: Bourland Nils , Cerisier François , Daïnou Kasso , Smith Alexandre , Hubau Wannes , Beeckman Hans , Brostaux Yves , Fayolle Adeline , Biwolé Achille , Fétéké Fousséni , Gillet Jean-François , Morin-Rivat Julie , Lejeune Philippe , Tiba Eric , Van Acker Joris , Doucet Jean-Louis
Published: January 2015

While most past studies have emphasized the relationships between specific forest stands and edaphic factors, recent observations in Central African moist forests suggested that an increase of slash-and-burn agriculture since 3000–2000 BP (Before Present) could be the main driver of the persistence of light-demanding tree species. In order to examine anthropogenic factors in the persistence of such populations, our study focused on Pericopsis elata, an endangered clustered timber species. We used a multidisciplinary approach comprised of botanical, anthracological and archaeobotanical investigations to compare P. elata patches with surrounding stands of mixed forest vegetation (“out-zones”). Charcoal samples were found in both zones, but were significantly more abundant in the soils of patches. Eleven groups of taxa were identified from the charcoals, most of them also present in the current vegetation. Potsherds were detected only inside P. elata patches and at different soil depths, suggesting a long human presence from at least 2150 to 195 BP, as revealed by our charcoal radiocarbon dating. We conclude that current P. elata patches most likely result from shifting cultivation that occurred ca. two centuries ago. The implications of our findings for the dynamics and management of light-demanding tree species are discussed.
Annoyance, Sleep and Concentration Problems due to Combined Traffic Noise and the Benefit of Quiet Side
Authors: Bodin Theo , Björk Jonas , Ardö Jonas , Albin Maria
Published: January 2015

Background: Access to a quiet side in one’s dwelling is thought to compensate for higher noise levels at the most exposed façade. It has also been indicated that noise from combined traffic sources causes more noise annoyance than equal average levels from either road traffic or railway noise separately. Methods: 2612 persons in Malmö, Sweden, answered to a residential environment survey including questions on outdoor environment, noise sensitivity, noise annoyance, sleep quality and concentration problems. Road traffic and railway noise was modeled using Geographic Information System. Results: Access to a quiet side, i.e., at least one window facing yard, water or green space, was associated with reduced risk of annoyance OR (95%CI) 0.47 (0.38–0.59), and concentration problems 0.76 (0.61–0.95). Bedroom window facing the same environment was associated to reduced risk of reporting of poor sleep quality 0.78 (0.64–1.00). Railway noise was associated with reduced risk of annoyance below 55 dB(A) but not at higher levels of exposure. Conclusions: Having a window facing a yard, water or green space was associated to a substantially reduced risk of noise annoyance and concentration problems. If this window was the bedroom window, sleeping problems were less likely.
Myogenic Precursors from iPS Cells for Skeletal Muscle Cell Replacement Therapy
Authors: Roca Isart , Requena Jordi , Edel Michael , Alvarez-Palomo Ana
Published: January 2015

The use of adult myogenic stem cells as a cell therapy for skeletal muscle regeneration has been attempted for decades, with only moderate success. Myogenic progenitors (MP) made from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising candidates for stem cell therapy to regenerate skeletal muscle since they allow allogenic transplantation, can be produced in large quantities, and, as compared to adult myoblasts, present more embryonic-like features and more proliferative capacity in vitro, which indicates a potential for more self-renewal and regenerative capacity in vivo. Different approaches have been described to make myogenic progenitors either by gene overexpression or by directed differentiation through culture conditions, and several myopathies have already been modeled using iPSC-MP. However, even though results in animal models have shown improvement from previous work with isolated adult myoblasts, major challenges regarding host response have to be addressed and clinically relevant transplantation protocols are lacking. Despite these challenges we are closer than we think to bringing iPSC-MP towards clinical use for treating human muscle disease and sporting injuries.
Direct Determination of Chitosan–Mucin Interactions Using a Single-Molecule Strategy: Comparison to Alginate–Mucin Interactions
Authors: Haugstad Kristin , Håti Armend , Nordgård Catherine , Adl Patricia , Maurstad Gjertrud , Sletmoen Marit , Draget Kurt , Dias Rita , Stokke Bjørn
Published: January 2015

Aqueous chitosan possesses attractive interaction capacities with various molecular groups that can be involved in hydrogen bonds and electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. In the present paper, we report on the direct determination of chitosan–mucin molecular pair interactions at various solvent conditions as compared to alginate–mucin interactions. Two chitosans of high molecular weight with different degrees of acetylation—thus possessing different solubility profiles in aqueous solution as a function of pH and two alginates with different fractions of α-guluronic acid were employed. The interaction properties were determined through a direct unbinding assay at the single-molecular pair level using an atomic force microscope. When probed against immobilized mucin, both chitosans and alginates revealed unbinding profiles characteristic of localized interactions along the polymers. The interaction capacities and estimated parameters of the energy landscapes of the pairwise chitosan–mucin and alginate–mucin interactions are discussed in view of possible contributions from various fundamental forces. Signatures arising both from an electrostatic mechanism and hydrophobic interaction are identified in the chitosan–mucin interaction properties. The molecular nature of the observed chitosan–mucin and alginate–mucin interactions indicates that force spectroscopy provides fundamental insights that can be useful in understanding the surface binding properties of other potentially mucoadhesive polymers.
Un indicateur de politique d’ouverture à l’immigration
Authors: Boussichas Matthieu , Goujon Michaël
Published: January 2015

La politique d’ouverture aux flux migratoires en provenance des pays en développement est un des éléments importants des débats relatifs à l’immigration dans les pays industrialisés. Or, il n’existe pas à l’heure actuelle d’indicateurs satisfaisants de cette politique d’ouverture, permettant d’évaluer le caractère plus ou moins restrictif de la politique. Nous proposons ici un indicateur de politique d’ouverture «révélée», mesuré par l’écart entre les flux d’immigration observés et les flux d’immigration «normaux» qui résulteraient des facteurs structurels économiques, géographiques et culturels des migrations. Cet indicateur est un indicateur synthétique et relatif, permet tant de comparer les différentes politiques des pays dans le temps. Nous construisons cet indicateur pour 21 pays industrialisés, en utilisant des données de l’OCDE sur les flux de migration annuels couvrant la période 1990-2006. L’indicateur permet de distinguer les pays qui appliquent des politiques relativement ouvertes ou restrictives. L’évolution temporelle de l’indicateur est analysée pour certains pays à la lumière des changements officiels de politique.
La valeur du spectre hertzien
Authors: Janin Lionel
Published: January 2015

The substitution from analog broadcasting to more efficient digital broadcasting for television by 2011 is a unique opportunity to modify the allocation of spectrum in those highly prized frequency bands. What would be an efficient reallocation of those frequencies, dubbed "the digital dividend” ? I apply economic principles to value the digital dividend in France. Producer surplus is estimated to 0.35€/ MHz/ population and consu mer surplus to 0.5€/ MHz/ population. Compared to the decided allocation, an efficient spectrum allocation would have required more bandwidth attributed to mobile broadband from television services.
Les baisses de cotisations sociales ultramarines
Authors: Bauduin Nicolas , Legendre François , L'horty Yannick
Published: January 2015

Cet article propose une évaluation ex ante des effets sur l’emploi des dispositifs d’exonération de cotisations patronales de Sécurité sociale qui ont été mis en oeuvre dans les départements d’outre-mer. Nous utilisons une maquette théorique permettant de reproduire de façon stylisée la formation de l’emploi ultra-marin tout en distinguant plusieurs secteurs d’activité et plusieurs catégories de maind’oeuvre. La maquette est étalonnée sur chaque Dom à partir de distributions de salaires tirées des DADS et de données de comptabilité nationale. Près de 10 % des emplois seraient supprimés dans les Dom en cas d’alignement sur le régime métropolitain. Les effets seraient les plus massifs dans le secteur du tourisme qui perdrait 21 % de ses emplois. Ces ordres de grandeurs seraient assez proches dans les quatre Dom, avec un recul de l’emploi un peu plus marqué en Guyane et en Guadeloupe qu’en Martinique ou qu’à la Réunion. Une suppression pure et simple de tous les allègements de charge se traduirait quant à elle par un recul de l’ordre de 15 % des emplois, soit environ 44 000 emplois perdus dans les quatre Dom.
Evaluation de la synchronisation des cycles économiques dans la zone euro
Authors: Chen Xiaoshan , Mills Terence C.
Published: January 2015

Cet article donne un éclairage sur les conditions d’optimalité de la politique monétaire commune dans le cadre l’Union économique et monétaire européenne (UEM), en évaluant le degré de synchronisation des cycles économiques entre les différents Etats-membres. Les renversements des cycles économiques au sein de chacun des pays étudiés sont identifiés à partir de séries temporelles macro-économiques multi-variées qui utilisent à la fois des procédures de datation paramétriques et non-paramétriques. Le degré de synchronisation des cycles est illustré en utilisant les distances entre les cycles sur l’ensemble de l’échantillon et sur deux sous-échantillons. Les coefficients de corrélation sont calculés de façon à fournir une vision détaillée de l’évolution des cycles. Même si les pays qui forment le coeur de l’UEM se caractérisent par des cycles économiques plus synchronisés avec la zone euro agrégée que les autres pays analysés, ce phénomène reflète peut-être les pondérations relativement importantes qu’on leur a attribuées lors de la constitution de base de données agrégées pour l’Europe. En général, les résultats obtenus vont à l’encontre de l’affirmation proposée dans la théorie de la zone monétaire optimale (ZME) endogène, selon laquelle le fonctionnement d’une union monétaire devrait en lui-même augmenter la synchronisation des cycles économiques. De plus, les variations des performances économiques observées à travers la zone euro risquent d’entraîner des demandes divergentes en matière de politique monétaire et par conséquent risquent de limiter l’intérêt d’une politique monétaire commune. A ce jour, peu d’études ont cherché à mesurer la synchronisation des cycles en utilisant ceux extraits d’informations multivariées. L’article présenté ici contribue à ce domaine.
La faim dans le monde, le commerce et les politiques agricoles
Authors: Pisani Edgard , Chatellier Vincent
Published: January 2015

La sous-alimentation d’une part importante de la population mondiale, qui s’est accentuée suite à la flambée récente du prix des produits alimentaires, justifie la recherche d’une meilleure coordination, à l’échelle internationale, des politiques envisagées en agriculture. Les règles multilatérales de l’OMC et la PAC sont nécessaires, mais des réorientations doivent être envisagées pour permettre à l’agriculture de relever les nombreux défis (alimentaire, énergétique et environnemental) qui lui sont posés au XXIe siècle. Le développement de l’agriculture dans les pays en développement importateurs nets de produits agricoles est une priorité qui doit être placée au coeur des préoccupations des instances politiques internationales.
L'évolution du système de recherche et d'innovation : ce que révèle la problématique du financement dans le cas français
Authors: Héraud Jean-Alain , Lachmann Jean
Published: January 2015

L’évolution du système de recherche et d’innovation français dans le long terme fait apparaître une forme de normalisation qui le rapproche du modèle international standard, bien qu’il reste des spécificités issues de son histoire, marquée par le colbertisme technologique des années d’après-guerre. Un des points faibles du système reste la capacité des entreprises, en particulier les plus petites, à franchir les étapes aval du processus d’innovation. Le déficit d’innovation ne provient pas forcément d’un manque de créativité ou d’esprit entrepreneurial, mais souvent des difficultés de financement de la phase d’investissement. La solution de ce problème échappe en partie aux instruments de politique d’innovation que peuvent mettre en place les pouvoirs publics, car ces financements dépendent largement d’acteurs privés et du contexte institutionnel général du pays. Codes JEL : O38, O31
Automobile et nouveaux modèles économiques de la mobilité électrique, au cœur d'une diversité institutionnelle
Authors: Mougenot Benoît
Published: January 2015

Dans un contexte économique incertain, la voiture électrique s’inscrit sur de nouveaux champs d’innovation marqués par le développement des modèles économiques basés sur un usage partagé, mais aussi sur la place grandissante des technologies liées aux réseaux intelligents. Au-delà des aspects technologiques, nous tentons de replacer le véhicule et sa batterie dans une dimension institutionnelle, qui intègre la complexité relative aux droits de propriété de ces nouveaux modèles. Pour mieux illustrer ces enjeux, une comparaison entre les modèles Better Place et Tesla Motors permettra d’extraire plusieurs enseignements de leurs stratégies respectives, notamment sur la prise en compte de l’innovation comme bien commun. Codes JEL : L91, L94, O31, O32, 033
L'industrie photovoltaïque de suisse occidentale : un « milieu valuateur » multi-local
Authors: Livi Christian , Jeannerat Hugues , Crevoisier Olivier
Published: January 2015

Différents modèles territoriaux d’innovation ont mis en perspective la façon dont les systèmes régionaux se développent à partir de dynamiques d’innovation et d’apprentissage propres à certains milieux locaux. Cet article reconsidère cette approche afin de tenir compte de la mobilité plus grande des ressources et comprendre comment l’innovation est constitutive d’un système de valuation socio-économique plus large. Proposant un débat théorique élargi et une lecture compréhensive du cas de l’industrie photovoltaïque en Suisse occidentale, le concept de milieu innovateur est ici revisité afin de prendre en compte un intérêt économique, politique et social toujours plus marqué pour les questions de développement durable. Le terme de « milieu valuateur multi-local » est proposé comme cadre de recherche exploratoire afin de nourrir de nouveaux débats théoriques et politiques en matière d’innovation et de territoires. Codes JEL : O31, L22, L26
Les partenariats public-privé et leur place dans l'innovation hospitalière : quels enseignements pour le management hospitalier ?
Authors: Gallouj Faïz , Merlin-Brogniart Céline , Moursli-Provost Anne-Catherine
Published: January 2015

Les partenariats public-privé (PPP), ont connu un indéniable succès ces dernières années dans toute l’Europe. Bien souvent fondés sur l’hypothèse d’une influence positive des organisations privées sur l’efficience des organisations publiques, les PPP sont désormais aussi envisagés comme des dispositifs produisant des innovations dans le domaine des services. Cet article rend compte de la place qu’occupent les PPP dans les dynamiques d’innovation à l’hôpital en mobilisant les modèles théoriques de l’innovation dans les services et en les appliquant à l’étude de cas approfondie d’un PPP d’innovation complexe. Il s’agit d’appréhender aux niveaux inter-organisationnel, organisationnel et intra-organisationnel, le caractère multiforme de l’innovation hospitalière associée aux PPP ainsi que les implications en termes de management hospitalier. Les PPP peuvent accueillir des innovations médicales, technologiques, programmées et descendantes, mais sont aussi des terrains propices pour des innovations non médicales, non technologiques, ascendantes, non programmées, dont il ne faut pas négliger les acteurs. Codes JEL : I1, O3
Responsabilité économique et sociale des concepteurs de systèmes d'information : contribution à une éthique appliquée
Authors: Salles Maryse
Published: January 2015

L’objet de cet article est de traiter de la responsabilité morale des concepteurs de systèmes d’information (SI), dans le cadre d’un usage professionnel. Dans l’exercice de cette responsabilité morale, il sera ici question plus spécifiquement des dimensions économique et sociale, au sens où les SI ont un impact sur le développement et la pérennité des organisations. La première partie de cet article est consacrée à un état de l’art de l’éthique informatique. Une deuxième partie présente notre orientation (recherche critique) et notre approche (qui considère les SI comme des dispositifs de pouvoir), et conclut sur la nécessité de penser une véritable ingénierie de la responsabilité. Dans la troisième partie, notre contribution à cette ingénierie est exposée, sous la forme d’un modèle à trois niveaux, qui permet de révéler comment une vision générale et les valeurs éthiques qui l’accompagnent, s’incarnent progressivement dans des principes structurants, puis des normes contraignantes. Codes JEL : M15, M14, L86, L29
Nursing Education for Disaster Preparedness and Response
Authors: Wilkinson Anne M. , Matzo Marianne
Published: January 2015

How to Obtain Contact Hours by Reading this Issue

Instructions: 1.3
contact hours will be awarded by Villanova University College of Nursing upon successful completion of this activity. A contact hour is a unit of measurement that denotes 60 minutes of an organized learning activity. This is a learner-based activity. Villanova University College of Nursing does not require submission of your answers to the quiz.

A contact hour certificate will be awarded after you register, pay the registration fee, and complete the evaluation form online at
http://goo.gl/gMfXaf
.

In order to obtain contact hours you must:

1.

Read the article, “Nursing Education for Disaster Preparedness and Response,” found on pages 65–73, carefully noting any tables and other illustrative materials that are included to enhance your knowledge and understanding of the content. Be sure to keep track of the amount of time (number of minutes) you spend reading the article and completing the quiz.

2.

Read and answer each question on the quiz. After completing all of the questions, compare your answers to those provided within this issue. If you have incorrect answers, return to the article for further study.

3.

Go to the Villanova website to register for contact hour credit. You will be asked to provide your name, contact information, and a VISA, MasterCard, or Discover card number for payment of the $20.00 fee. Once you complete the online evaluation, a certificate will be automatically generated.

This activity is valid for continuing education credit until
January 31, 2018
.

Contact Hours

This activity is co-provided by Villanova University College of Nursing and SLACK Incorporated.

Villanova University College of Nursing is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation.

Objectives

State the difference between multiple casualty and mass casualty events and their effects on the capacity of health systems to respond.

Identify the core competencies and knowledge needed by nurses to participate in a large-scale disaster.

Disclosure Statement

Neither the planners nor the authors have any conflicts of interest to disclose.

Catastrophic mass casualty events (MCEs), such as pandemic influenza outbreaks, earthquakes, or large-scale terrorism-related events, quickly and suddenly yield thousands of victims whose needs overwhelm local and regional health care systems, personnel, and resources. Such conditions require deploying scarce resources in a manner that is different from the more common multiple casualty event. This article presents issues associated with providing nursing care under MCE circumstances of scarce resources and the educational needs of nurses to prepare them to effectively respond in these emergencies.

J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2015;46(2):65–73.
Insomnia
Authors: Mackie Susan , Winkelman John W.
Published: January 2015

Insomnia is frequently present in patients with a variety of psychiatric conditions. Both the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, fifth edition and the
International Classification of Sleep Disorders
, third edition include definitions that emphasize symptoms of difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep in the face of adequate opportunity for sleep. Although insomnia has historically been thought of as merely a symptom of various psychiatric conditions, more recent research indicates that psychiatric patients with comorbid insomnia benefit from identification and specific treatment of the sleep disorder. This review provides an introduction to the changing definitions of insomnia disorder, discusses the complex relationship with psychiatric conditions, and outlines the most effective available treatment options for insomnia, including cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnotic agents.

[
Psychiatr Ann.

2015;45(1):14–18.]
Quelques enseignes de pèlerins et des moules de production de petits objets en plomb découverts à Rennes
Authors: Labaune-Jean Françoise
Published: January 2015

En 1998, le tracé de la première ligne de métro de
Rennes entrainait une importante fouille archéologique sur l’actuelle
place Sainte-Anne. L’occupation médiévale de ce secteur correspond à
l’emplacement d’un hôpital urbain, créé au début du XVIe siècle. La
richesse des structures en mobilier a été l’occasion de se pencher sur
les objets en usage à Rennes, dans ce type de contexte particulier.
Cet article porte plus particulièrement sur l’artisanat et la
production de petits objets en plomb, souvent mis de côté, car
touchant l’art populaire.
Élaboration et évolution du discours touristique sur un espace rural : l’exemple du Marais breton
Authors: Vincent Johan
Published: January 2015

Aux limites de stations balnéaires de réputation
nationale, le marais Breton, situé à la frontière des départements de
la Vendée et de la Loire-Atlantique, n’a pourtant pas été considéré,
pendant longtemps, comme un espace touristique potentiel. Face à la
difficulté d’appréhender ce territoire, les guides ont progressivement
forgé leurs discours, dont on peut voir la progression à travers un
corpus de 48 ouvrages : de la méfiance au XIXe siècle à la découverte
d’un patrimoine rural et naturel original, dans la seconde moitié du
XXe siècle. Ce processus, de plus d’un siècle, toujours vivace,
s’appuie sur une patrimonialisation qui est moins le fait des érudits
locaux que de la population qui s’en empare, non sans contradictions.
Cet entremêlement de la vie de l’homme avec ce milieu naturel
particulier y apparaît essentiel. Dans cet espace rural, on peut donc
analyser une touristification qui se développe en même temps qu’une
patrimonialisation.
L’accession à la propriété privée dans les villes polonaises : un défi de transition post-socialiste
Authors: Bouloc Caroline , Górczyńska Magdalena
Published: January 2015

La réintroduction de la notion de propriété privée et la mise en place d’un marché de l’immobilier libéral en Pologne après 1989 a durablement bouleversé le secteur de l’habitat. De nouveau rendue possible, l’accession à la propriété n’a pourtant pas été évidente à mettre en place et les statuts de propriété sont encore aujourd’hui extrêmement complexes. Cet article a pour but d’expliquer en détail la manière dont le secteur de l’habitat s’est restructuré, mais aussi de rendre plus lisibles les statuts de propriété qui se sont multipliés ces dernières années ainsi que d’analyser les conflits sociaux et spatiaux qui résultent de l’accession à la propriété aujourd’hui.
Intersectionnalité, migrations et travail domestique : lectures croisées en France et aux États-Unis
Authors: Blanchard Sophie
Published: January 2015

À travers une lecture croisée de deux textes, un essai d'Evelyn Nakano Glenn sur la construction racialisée de l'emploi domestique aux États-Unis au cours du XXe siècle et un ouvrage de Christelle Avril sur le travail des aides à domicile en France au début du XXIe siècle, les réflexions qui suivent soulignent l'intérêt de la notion d'intersectionnalité pour étudier la condition des travailleuses domestiques migrantes et/ou racialisées.
“An ethereal sea reaching over the whole world” : Fluid Atmospheres in Jules Verne’s Vingt Mille Lieues sous les mers
Authors: Schwartz Catherine M.
Published: January 2015

Cet article considère l’atmosphère en tant que concept scientifique qui influença l’expression littéraire du dix-neuvième siècle. L’atmosphère, en tant qu’environnement, substance, ou ton affectif, s’infiltre dans les textes que nous lisons sans pour autant se faire remarquer. Au cours du dix-neuvième siècle, l’atmosphère était perçue comme étant un liquide — une idée héritée du dix-huitième siècle et de ses théories proto-scientifiques, ainsi que du développement de la météorologie en tant que discipline indépendante — mais cette perspective est oubliée de nos jours, bien qu’elle soit importante, et ce, surtout quand nous considérons les craintes environnementales naissantes de l’époque. À travers une série de lectures détaillées du roman Vingt Mille Lieues sous les mers, de Jules Verne, cet article considère comment l’atmosphère, conçu en tant que liquide, souligne l’emplacement spatial de la race humaine comme étant au milieu d’une série de couches. L’état d’intermédiaire, ainsi représenté par le Capitaine Nemo et le Docteur Aronnax, est profondément indésirable. Il provoque la création de membranes protectives qui, à leur tour, renforcent l’illusion d’une séparation parfaite entre le corps et son environnement. Or, cette séparation, fondamentalement artificielle, nie l’expérience d’une immersion totale promise auparavant par l’atmosphère liquide. Résultat : les humains ne se perçoivent plus comme faisant partie de leur environnement et se croient séparés par une division imperméable.
Cosmic Mourning: The Birth of Transcendence in Terrence Malick’s Tree of Life
Authors: Hay Natasha
Published: January 2015

Cet article analyse le film L’arbre de la vie du réalisateur Terrence Malick par la voie de ses études en philosophie et particulièrement de son engagement avec la pensée de Martin Heidegger. Prenant compte de la traduction de Malick de L’essence des raisons, je tente de relier les thèmes du deuil humain et de la genèse du cosmos au sein de son film. Je démontre que l’épreuve du deuil présentée par L’arbre de la vie nous permet de reconcevoir plusieurs des positions heideggériennes à propos du projet existentiel de Dasein et de l’origine du monde habité par Dasein. Aux limites de sa propre vie, l’être en deuil développe un langage non-discursif dans lequel il demeure proche du défunt. Parce que ses prières, son imagination, et sa mémoire tiennent ouverte sa relation à la mort de l’autre, la peine du deuil se transforme en une expérience de la transcendance spirituelle.
La nostalgie construite
Authors: Weinstein Deena
Published: January 2015

The phenomenon of rock’s past having occluded its present is examined through the intentionality that grounds it culturally. Specifically, neo-nostalgia (Jameson) and similar postmodern terms (simulation, construction) constitute the intentionality and the commercial interests of the music industry and the generational power of the Baby Boomers and Gen X are the structural determinants. Neo-nostalgia for rock’s past is directed toward an aestheticized imaginary of rock’s golden age — a mythical time that never was, rather than a supposed eternal transcendent (religion) or an individualized empirical past (homesickness). Nostalgia for a construction, fabricated for corporate profit and generational/parental power, is a depthless and riskless adventure for a generation that experiences severe constraints on its ability to actualize the modern(ist) ideals of authenticity-novelty.