bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical manifestations of Xq28 functional disomy involving MECP2 in one female and two male patients
Authors: Shimada Shino , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Hirasawa Kyoko , Yoshii Keisuke , Tani Yumi , Sugawara Midori , Shimojima Keiko , Osawa Makiko , Yamamoto Toshiyuki
Published: May 2013

Subtelomeric imbalances are a frequent cause of cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with unexplained intellectual disability. Functional disomy of Xq28 involving the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 gene (MECP2) has been observed mostly in subtelomeric duplications. We identified three patients with functional disomy of Xq28. A female patient showed an unbalanced translocation between 12q24.33 and Xq28. Two male patients showed an unbalanced translocation between Xq27.1‐ Yq11.22 and a recombinant X‐chromosome containing duplicated material from Xq27.1 on Xp telomere, respectively. All three patients exhibited severe developmental delay, hypotonia, seizures, and distinctive facial features, including flat nasal bridge and hypertelorism. Additionally, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed characteristic findings in each patient, including frontal dominant brain atrophy and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, which are common findings in patients with functional disomies of Xq28 and interstitial duplications of Xq28, including MECP2. Brain MRI revealed a cystic lesion in the periventricular white matter in a patient, similar to our previous experience in patients with MECP2 duplication syndrome. Thus, white matter abnormalities may frequently be seen in cases of patients with additional MECP2 copies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MicroRNA profiles in nasal mucosa of patients with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: Suojalehto Hille , Toskala Elina , Kilpeläinen Maritta , Majuri Marja‐Leena , Mitts Camilla , Lindström Irmeli , Puustinen Anne , Plosila Tuomas , Sipilä Jukka , Wolff Henrik , Alenius Harri
Published: May 2013

Background

Rhinitis and asthma commonly coexist and are often regarded as “unified airways disease.” Evidence exists that microRNAs are important in controlling inflammatory processes, but little is known about their role in airway inflammation. The present study evaluated the inflammatory profiles of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), with and without concomitant asthma, and of patients with nonallergic rhinitis (NAR).

Methods

We analyzed inflammatory cells, cytokines, and microRNAs from nasal biopsies and measured nasal nitric oxide (nNO) levels in 159 young adult subjects subdivided into 4 groups: (1) AR; (2) AR+asthma; (3) NAR; and (4) controls.

Results

We observed the upregulation of T‐helper 2 (Th2) cytokines and the trend of elevation of nNO levels in AR patients compared to controls. Subjects with current AR symptoms had increased levels of miR‐155, miR‐205, and miR‐498, but reduced levels of let‐7e. In addition, patients with positive skin prick test (SPT) reactions exhibited increased miR‐155 and miR‐205 expression and a decreased level of let‐7e, compared to subjects with negative SPT findings. Concomitant asthma had little effect on the inflammatory profile of AR. No significant changes in inflammatory markers were found in NAR patients compared to healthy controls.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that microRNAs miR‐155, miR‐205, miR‐498, and let‐7e may be important in the allergic inflammation present in nasal mucosa. Regarding NAR, our findings support the view that mechanisms other than inflammation are pivotal.
Citation content analysis (CCA): A framework for syntactic and semantic analysis of citation content
Authors: Zhang Guo , Ding Ying , Milojević Staša
Published: May 2013

This study proposes a new framework for citation content analysis (CCA), for syntactic and semantic analysis of citation content that can be used to better analyze the rich sociocultural context of research behavior. This framework could be considered the next generation of citation analysis. The authors briefly review the history and features of content analysis in traditional social sciences and its previous application in library and information science (LIS). Based on critical discussion of the theoretical necessity of a new method as well as the limits of citation analysis, the nature and purposes of CCA are discussed, and potential procedures to conduct CCA, including principles to identify the reference scope, a two‐dimensional (citing and cited) and two‐module (syntactic and semantic) codebook, are provided and described. Future work and implications are also suggested.
ChemInform Abstract: Synchroton X‐Ray Diffraction Study of the Ba1‐xSrSnO3 Solid Solution.
Authors: Prodjosantoso Anti K. , Zhou Qingdi , Kennedy Brendan J.
Published: May 2013

A series of polycrystalline samples of Ba1‐xSrxSnO3 is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of SrCO3, BaCO3, and SnO2 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Color‐Control of the Persistent Luminescence of Cadmium Silicate Doped with Transition Metals.
Authors: Abreu Carolina M. , Silva Ronaldo S. , Valerio Mario E. G. , Macedo Zelia S.
Published: May 2013

Mn, Ni, and Cr doped as well as Mn/Ni and Mn/Cr co‐doped (dopant level of all samples 1 mol%) multi‐colored phosphorescent CdSiO3 is prepared by solid state synthesis of CdO, SiO2, MnCl2, Cr(NO3)3, and NiCl2 (alumina crucible, 1000 °C, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Vanadium Diphosphate Ag2VP2O8: Electrochemistry and Characterization of Reduced Material Providing Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Takeuchi Esther S. , Lee Chia‐Ying , Cheng Po‐Jen , Menard Melissa C. , Marschilok Amy C. , Takeuchi Kenneth J.
Published: May 2013

Ag2VP2O8 is prepared by a previously reported method and its structure is confirmed by Rietveld refined powder XRD data (space group P21/c, Z = 4).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Catalytic Properties of Three Inorganic—Organic Hybrid Constructed from Heteropolymolybdate and Aminopyridine.
Authors: Deng Qian , Huang Yilan , Peng Zhenshan , Dai Zengjin , Lin Minru , Cai Tiejun
Published: May 2013

Single‐crystal XRD reveals a monoclinic structure for (II) (space group P21/c, Z = 4), a tetragonal structure for (III) (space group P42/n, Z = 2), and a trigonal structure for (IV) (space group R3, Z = 3).
ChemInform Abstract: Recoverable Silica‐Gel Supported Binam‐Prolinamides as Organocatalysts for the Enantioselective Solvent‐Free Intra‐ and Intermolecular Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Banon‐Caballero Abraham , Guillena Gabriela , Najera Carmen , Faggi Enrico , Sebastian Rosa Maria , Vallribera Adelina
Published: May 2013

Two novel heterogeneous BINAM‐prolinamides are prepared and evaluated as chiral catalysts for the intermolecular aldol reaction of different substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Perfluoroalkenylated Aryl Compounds via Pincer‐Pd Catalyzed Heck Couplings.
Authors: Feng Jie , Cai Chun
Published: May 2013

A series of fluorous ponytail‐substituted aromatics is synthesized by Heck‐coupling of aryl halides with fluoroalkyl‐substituted ethylenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Benzylic Oxidation of C(sp3)—H Bonds.
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: May 2013

The respective ketone is formed as a by‐product in small amounts in most cases.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Diacetoxylation of Alkenes in a Microchemical System.
Authors: Park Jeong Hyeon , Park Chan Yi , Song Hyun Seung , Huh Yun Suk , Kim Geon Hee , Park Chan Pil
Published: May 2013

An environmentally friendly, fast, and highly selective method for the title reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromination/Desilicobromination of Silylated Monofluoroalkenes Using Tetrabutylammonium Tribromide under Microwave Conditions.
Authors: Malo‐Forest Bianca , Roy Jessye‐Ann , Paquin Jean‐Francois
Published: May 2013

The reaction is fast and reliable and proceeds with retention of the configuration with little or no stereochemical erosion.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Fluorenes by Cascade Allenylation, Electrocyclization and Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Reaction of 1,3‐Diene‐Substituted Propargylic Alcohols.
Authors: Xu Xiangsheng , Li Tao , Li Xiaoqing , Shao Jiangbin
Published: May 2013

The regioselectivity of the title reaction depends on the electronic properties of the substituents on the aryl ring as is demonstrated for substrates (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzo[b]furans
Authors: Yang Jianguo , Shen Guodong , Chen Dingben
Published: May 2013

by Sonogashira cross‐coupling and intramolecular o‐arylation of o‐iodophenols and aryl acetylenes or silylacetylenes
ChemInform Abstract: The Study of Catalyst Free and Copper Catalyzed Reactions of Cyanochromenes and Sodium Azide.
Authors: Gawande Sachin D. , Raihan Mustafa J. , Zanwar Manoj R. , Kavala Veerababurao , Janreddy Donala , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Chen Mei‐Ling , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: May 2013

Two different roles of sodium azide under two different reaction conditions are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Alkenyl Indoles from 2‐Azido‐3‐arylacrylates and Terminal Alkenes at Room Temperature.
Authors: Zhang Yaohong , Liu Shen , Yu Wanwan , Hu Miao , Zhang Guolin , Yu Yongping
Published: May 2013

Ester‐ and nitrile‐substituted terminal alkenes (II) can be applied in this reaction although attempts with amide‐, aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted alkenes did not yield 3‐alkenyl indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of S,S‐Dialkyl‐N‐(9,10‐dioxo‐9,10‐dihydroanthracen‐1‐yl)sulfoximides and Specificities of Their Base‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Heterocyclizations into Naphtho[1,2,3‐cd]indol‐6(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Kargina O. I. , Gornostaev L. M. , Nefedov A. A.
Published: May 2013

This is presented in continuation of previously published studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Metathesis of Azomethine Imines in Reaction of 6‐Aryl‐1,5‐diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes with (Het)arylidenemalononitriles.
Authors: Pleshchev Mikhail I. , Petukhova Vera Yu. , Kuznetsov Vladimir V. , Khakimov Dmitriy V. , Pivina Tatyana S. , Struchkova Marina I. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Makhova Nina N.
Published: May 2013

The title reaction allows the synthesis of various fused heterocyclic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: The Rh2(OAc)4‐Catalyzed Reactions of 3‐Trifluoromethyl‐4‐diazopyrazolinones with Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Fan Huafang , Zhang Zhenhua , Li Xinjin , Zhao Jingwei , Gao Jinming , Zhu Shizheng
Published: May 2013

This method gives 4‐aryl‐substituted pyrazolinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Chemoselective Synthesis of 5‐Aroyl‐NH‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐2‐thiones
Authors: Sadegh‐Malvajerd Soroor , Arzehgar Zeinab , Nikpour Farzad
Published: May 2013

via ToSOH‐catalyzed reaction of epoxyketones with sodium thiocyanate or thiourea in Bu4NCl
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Induced Synthesis of Fluorobenzamides Containing Thiazole and Thiazolidine as Promising Antimicrobial Analogues.
Authors: Desai N. C. , Rajpara K. M. , Joshi V. V.
Published: May 2013

A variety of new fluorobenzamide derivatives (X) (15 examples) are synthesized using conventional or microwave chemistry and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Access to 1‐Aryl‐5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazoles and [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines by Two New Single‐Step Reactions from 1,3,4‐Thiadiazol‐2‐amines.
Authors: Mammoliti Oscar , Quinton Evelyne M. , Loones Kristof T. J. , Nguyen Anh Tho , Wouters Johan , Van Lommen Guy
Published: May 2013

The triazoles are formed from two equivalents of the amino‐thiadiazol substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Transformations of 1H‐Isothiochromen‐4(3H)‐one 2,2‐Dioxide.
Authors: Tkachuk Tetyana , Shyshkina Olena O. , Volovnenko Tetiana A. , Volovenko Yulian M. , Zubatyuk Roman I. , Medviediev Volodymyr V. , Shishkin Oleg V.
Published: May 2013

Compound (III) prepared from (I) by the reaction with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal reacts with some nitrogen nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfides and Vinylamines Through Catalytic Intramolecular Hydroarylation in the Presence of FeCl3 and AgOTf.
Authors: Eom Dahan , Mo Juntae , Lee Phil Ho , Gao Zhiming , Kim Sunggak
Published: May 2013

The title synthesis proceeds in a selective manner and is further extended to the preparation of dihydropyrano[2,3‐g]chromene derivatives through a selective two‐fold Fe‐catalyzed 6‐endo‐hydroarylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Multicomponent Synthesis of 2,9‐Dihydro‐9‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐4‐aryl‐1H‐pyrido[2,3‐b]indole‐3‐carbonitrile Compounds.
Authors: Damavandi Saman , Sandaroos Reza
Published: May 2013

Using a silica‐supported ionic liquid as catalyst and DMF as solvent, title compounds (IV) are formed as products of a thermodynamically controlled reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine, N‐(1H‐Pyrazol‐5‐yl)formamide, or N‐(1H‐Pyrazol‐5‐yl)formamidine Derivatives from N‐1‐Substituted‐5‐aminopyrazoles with New Vilsmeier‐Type Reagents.
Authors: Chang Chun‐Hsi , Tsai Henry J. , Huang Yu‐Ying , Lin Hui‐Yi , Wang Li‐Ya , Wu Tian‐Shung , Wong Fung Fuh
Published: May 2013

The direction of reaction of aminopyrazoles (I) with N‐methylformamide or formamide in the presence of POCl3 depends on the structure of starting compound (I) and Vilsmeier reagent used.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Alkoxyalkylation of Nucleobases Involving Direct Functionalization of sp3 C—H Bonds Adjacent to Oxygen Atoms
Authors: Huang Rui , Xie Chunsong , Huang Lin , Liu Jinhua
Published: May 2013

The reaction can be also carried out in other solvents rather than in the respective ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: An Approach to Dihydroisoindolobenzodiazepinones — Three‐Dimensional Molecular Frameworks.
Authors: Yaremenko Anatoliy G. , Shelyakin Vyacheslav V. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O.
Published: May 2013

Reaction of 2‐formylbenzoic acid with various ketones followed by ring opening/ring closing of the resulting lactones with o‐phenylenediamine allows the synthesis of the title heterocycles in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrophilic Cyclization Reactions of Diphenyl 3‐Methylpenta‐1,2,4‐trienyl Phosphine Oxide.
Authors: Ivanov Ivaylo K. , Christov Valerij C.
Published: May 2013

The title compound (III) is readily prepared via an atom‐economical [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of an alkenynyl phosphinite formed in situ by reaction of 3‐methylpent‐1‐en‐4‐yn‐3‐ol with diphenylchlorophosphine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tryptophans by Lewis Acid Promoted Ring‐Opening of Aziridine‐2‐carboxylates: Optimization of Protecting Group and Lewis Acid.
Authors: Tirotta Ilaria , Fifer Nathan L. , Eakins Julia , Hutton Craig A.
Published: May 2013

The process is investigated with different N‐protecting groups at the aziridine nitrogen and different Lewis acids.
ChemInform Abstract: The Dimethylsulfoxonium Methylide as Unique Reagent for the Simultaneous Deprotection of Amino and Carboxyl Function of N‐Fmoc‐α‐Amino Acid and N‐Fmoc‐Peptide Esters.
Authors: Spinella Mariagiovanna , De Marco Rosaria , Belsito Emilia L. , Leggio Antonella , Liguori Angelo
Published: May 2013

This method can also be used in solid‐phase peptide synthesis to simultaneously deprotect the amino function and cleave the peptide from the Wang resin.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Field‐Induced Strain in Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys Fe—31.2Pd, Fe3Pt, and Ni2MnGa
Authors: Fukuda Takashi , Kakeshita Tomoyuki
Published: May 2013

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: B—Fe—Nd (Boron—Iron—Neodymium)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: May 2013

Review: phase diagrams; 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Benefits of Dawson Heteropoly Compound Reorganisation in Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Arendt Eglantine
Published: May 2013

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Features in REMO3 Perovskites and Their Solid Solutions (RE: Rare‐Earth, M: Mn, Cr)
Authors: Moure Carlos , Pena Octavio
Published: May 2013

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) as Organocatalysts and Structural Components in Metal‐Free Polymer Synthesis
Authors: Fevre Mareva , Pinaud Julien , Gnanou Yves , Vignolle Joan , Taton Daniel
Published: May 2013

Review: 261 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Molecules as Mediators and Catalysts for Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Oh Yeonji , Hu Xile
Published: May 2013

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Biology Toolkit for Exploring Protein Kinase Catalyzed Phosphorylation Reactions
Authors: Martic Sanela , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard
Published: May 2013

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Low Dosage Clathrate Hydrate Inhibitors
Authors: Perrin Andrea , Musa Osama M. , Steed Jonathan W.
Published: May 2013

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Long‐Lived Charge Separated States in Nanostructured Semiconductor Photoelectrodes for the Production of Solar Fuels
Authors: Cowan Alexander J. , Durrant James R.
Published: May 2013

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solar Fuels Generation and Molecular Systems: Is It Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Catalysis?
Authors: Artero Vincent , Fontecave Marc
Published: May 2013

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bottom‐up Assembly of Photonic Crystals
Authors: von Freymann Georg , Kitaev Vladimir , Lotsch Bettina V. , Ozin Geoffrey A.
Published: May 2013

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Studies of Optically Active Schiff Bases
Authors: Rozwadowski Z.
Published: May 2013

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐13 Heteronuclear Longitudinal Spin Relaxation for Geometrical (and Stereochemical) Determinations in Small‐ or Medium‐Size Molecules
Authors: Canet Daniel , Bouguet‐Bonnet Sabine , Leclerc Sebastien , Yemloul Mehdi
Published: May 2013

Review: 62 refs.
Entanglement Thresholds for Random Induced States
Authors: Aubrun Guillaume , Szarek Stanislaw J. , Ye Deping
Published: May 2013

For a random quantum state on

obtained by partial tracing a random pure state on , we consider the question whether it is typically separable or typically entangled. For this problem, we show the existence of a sharp threshold
of order roughly . More precisely, for any
and for d large enough, such a random state is entangled with very large probability when , and separable with very large probability when . One consequence of this result is as follows: for a system of N identical particles in a random pure state, there is a threshold
such that two subsystems of k particles each typically share entanglement if k > k0, and typically do not share entanglement if k < k0. Our methods also work for multipartite systems and for “unbalanced” systems such as , . The arguments rely on random matrices, classical convexity, high‐dimensional probability, and geometry of Banach spaces; some of the auxiliary results may be of reference value. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of Sickle‐Cell Haemoglobin Polymerisation under Electrochemical Control
Authors: Iqbal Zeshan , Li Matthew , McKendry Rachel , Horton Michael , Caruana Daren J.
Published: May 2013

We describe an electrochemistry‐based technique to control and monitor the polymerisation of sickle‐cell haemoglobin (HbS). The polymerisation was monitored as a change in turbidity during the depletion of oxygen in a small volume custom‐built thin‐layer electrochemical cell. The cell allowed the investigation of HbS polymerisation as a function of HbS concentration, temperature and solution pH. We confirm that the oxygen was efficiently depleted using finite‐element modelling to accurately recreate the electrochemical thin‐layer cell. Understanding the nucleation and growth of HbS polymerisation will provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of sickle‐cell disease in vivo, and thus help improve therapeutic strategies for this common and frequently disabling disorder.
Chemocatalytic Conversion of Ethanol into Butadiene and Other Bulk Chemicals
Authors: Angelici Carlo , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A.
Published: May 2013

The development of new and improved processes for the synthesis of bio‐based chemicals is one of the scientific challenges of our time. These new discoveries are not only important from an environmental point of view, but also represent an important economic opportunity, provided that the developed processes are selective and efficient. Bioethanol is currently produced from renewable resources in large amounts and, in addition to its use as biofuel, holds considerable promise as a building block for the chemical industry. Indeed, further improvements in production, both in terms of efficiency and feedstock selection, will guarantee availability at competitive prices. The conversion of bioethanol into commodity chemicals, in particular direct ‘drop‐in’ replacements is, therefore, becoming increasingly attractive, provided that the appropriate (catalytic) technology is in place. The production of green and renewable 1,3‐butadiene is a clear example of this approach. The Lebedev process for the one‐step catalytic conversion of ethanol to butadiene has been known since the 1930s and has been applied on an industrial scale to produce synthetic rubber. Later, the availability of low‐cost oil made it more convenient to obtain butadiene from petrochemical sources. The desire to produce bulk chemicals in a sustainable way and the availability of low‐cost bioethanol in large volumes has, however, resulted in a renaissance of this old butadiene production process. This paper reviews the catalytic aspects associated with the synthesis of butadiene via the Lebedev process, as well as the production of other, mechanistically related bulk chemicals that can be obtained from (bio)ethanol.
Cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes compared with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults
Authors: Konrad Katja , Scheuing Nicole , Badenhoop Klaus , Borkenstein Martin H. , Gohlke Bettina , Schöfl Christof , Seufert Jochen , Thon Angelika , Holl Reinhard W.
Published: May 2013

Background

With increasing life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), secondary diabetes becomes more prevalent. It appears to be the most common co‐morbidity in persons with cystic fibrosis. Therefore, the objective of our study was to describe characteristics of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes compared with type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1DM/T2DM) in adults.

Methods

Data from 218 436 patients >18 years with cystic fibrosis (n = 401), T1DM (n = 32,409) or T2DM (n = 185 626) in the multicenter Diabetes‐Patienten‐Verlaufsdokumentation or prospective documentation of diabetes patients registry were analysed.

Results

Diabetes onset [median (interquartile range)] in cystic fibrosis [18.70 (15.50–25.30) years] was between T1DM [16.40 (10.50–31.80) years] and T2DM [58.50 (48.80–68.00) years], with female preponderance. Body mass index (BMI) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were lowest (19.6 [18.1–21.5] kg/m2)/50 mmol/mol (6.73%) versus T1DM (24.4 [22.1–27.4])/62 mmol/mol (7.83%) vs. T2DM (29.6 [26.1–33.9])/54 mmol/mol (7.06%); all p < 0.01. A total of 78.6% of cystic fibrosis patients with diabetes received insulin. Insulin dose (0.74 IE/kg bodyweight) was not significantly different from T1DM (0.73) and T2DM (0.76). Frequency of vascular complications, adjusted for confounding effects, across the groups was different: Hypertension (CFRD 16.1% vs. T1DM 24.0% vs. T2DM 32.2%; all p < 0.01), retinopathy (CFRD 10.7% vs. T1DM 10.4% vs. T2DM 10.5%, not significant), nephropathy (CFRD 25.2% vs. T1DM 17.2% vs. T2DM 24.7%; only T1DM/T2DM; p < 0.01).

Conclusion

CFRD is a uniquely complex entity with clear differences from T1DM and T2DM in adults. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence of maternal effects on temperature preference in side‐blotched lizards: implications for evolutionary response to climate change
Authors: Paranjpe Dhanashree A. , Bastiaans Elizabeth , Patten Amy , Cooper Robert D. , Sinervo Barry
Published: May 2013

Natural populations respond to selection pressures like increasing local temperatures in many ways, including plasticity and adaptation. To predict the response of ectotherms like lizards to local temperature increase, it is essential to estimate phenotypic variation in and determine the heritability of temperature‐related traits like average field body temperature (Tb) and preferred temperature (Tp). We measuredTpofUta stansburianain a laboratory thermal gradient and assessed the contribution of sex, reproductive status and throat color genotype to phenotypic variation inTbof adult lizards. Females had higherTpthan males. However, they temporarily preferred lower temperature when gravid than when nongravid. Using a nested half‐sib design for genetic crosses in the laboratory, we estimated relative contributions of additive genetic variation and maternal effects toTpof hatchlings. Our results show that maternal effects, but not additive genetic variation, influenceTpof hatchlings inU. stansburiana. MaternalTpand the presence or absence of blue throat color alleles significantly influencedTpof hatchlings. We discuss ecological and evolutionary consequences of these maternal effects in the context of rapid climate change and natural selection that we measure on progeny survival to maturity as a function of maternalTp.
Flux Synthesis and Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization of a Cobalt Europium Trisilicate
Authors: Wierzbicka‐Wieczorek Maria , Lenz Christoph , Giester Gerald
Published: May 2013

A trisilicate with a new structure type, CoEu2Si3O10, was obtained from molybdate–carbonate mixtures in Pt crucibles by using a high‐temperature flux‐growth method. The structural characterization of CoEu2Si3O10was done by evaluation of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data collected at three different temperatures (105, 293, and 370 K). The light violet crystals are monoclinic, space groupP21/nwitha= 6.5620(13),b= 6.7207(13),c= 16.986(3) Å,β= 90.06(3)°,V= 749.1(3) Å3, andR(F)= 2.49 %, at room temperature. The new crystal structure type features layers parallel to (001) containing Si3O10groups and Co2O10dimers. The Si–Si–Si angle of the Si3O10unit is 115.7°. Raman spectroscopy and a study of the photoluminescence properties of the Eu3+ions in CoEu2Si3O10were undertaken.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Alkynylation of Cyclopropenones
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Sakurai Yusuke
Published: May 2013

N‐Heterocyclic carbene–palladium catalysts are used to promote addition/ring opening of cyclopropenones with terminal alkynes. The ring‐opening alkynylation affords alkenyl alkynyl ketones in good yields. For reactions with propargylic esters having an aryl or alkenyl substituent at the propargylic position, [3+2] annulation occurs exclusively to give 4‐methylenecyclopentenones.
Activator protein 1 transcription factor fos-related antigen 1 (fra-1) is dispensable for murine liver fibrosis, but modulates xenobiotic metabolism
Authors: Hasenfuss Sebastian C. , Bakiri Latifa , Thomsen Martin K. , Hamacher Rainer , Wagner Erwin F.
Published: May 2013

The Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor subunit Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) has been implicated in liver fibrosis. Here we used loss-of-function as well as switchable, cell type-specific, gain-of-function alleles for Fra-1 to investigate the relevance of Fra-1 expression in cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis. Our results indicate that Fra-1 is dispensable in three well-established, complementary models of liver fibrosis. However, broad Fra-1 expression in adult mice results in liver fibrosis, which is reversible, when ectopic Fra-1 is switched off. Interestingly, hepatocyte-specific Fra-1 expression is not sufficient to trigger the disease, although Fra-1 expression leads to dysregulation of fibrosis-associated genes. Both

opn

and

cxcl9

are controlled by Fra-1 in gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. Importantly, Fra-1 attenuates liver damage in the 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-feeding cholestatic liver injury model. Strikingly, manipulating Fra-1 expression affects genes involved in hepatic transport and detoxification, in particular glutathione S-transferases. Molecular analyses indicate that Fra-1 binds to the promoters of

cxcl9

and

gstp1 in vivo

. Furthermore, loss of Fra-1 sensitizes, while hepatic Fra-1 expression protects from acetaminophen-induced liver damage, a paradigm for glutathione-mediated acute liver failure.

Conclusion :

These data define a novel function of Fra-1/AP-1 in modulating the expression of detoxification genes and the adaptive response of the liver to bile acids/xenobiotic overload.
Hydrothermal Behavior of a Ferrofluid in a Corrugated Channel in the Presence of a Magnetic Field
Authors: Aminfar H. , Mohammadpourfard M. , Ahangar Zonouzi S.
Published: May 2013

In this paper, results of applying a non‐uniform magnetic field on a dilute ferrofluid (water and 3% vol. Fe3O4) flow in a corrugated channel under a constant heat flux boundary condition have been reported. The thermal behavior of the flow is investigated numerically using a two‐phase mixture model and control volume technique. It is concluded that using a magnetic field with a negative gradient on a nanofluid flow in corrugated channels can be proposed as a suitable method to achieve higher heat transfer performance and augment the heat transfer coefficient and also reduces the wall temperature. This method can lead to the design of more compact heat exchangers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 43(1): 80–92, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21060
A method to map riparian exotic vegetation (Salix spp.) area to inform water resource management
Authors: Doody Tanya M. , Lewis Megan , Benyon Richard G. , Byrne Guy
Published: May 2013

Hydrological processes within riparian environments worldwide are impacted when introduced species invade. Monitoring and management at substantial expense, are subsequently required to combat deleterious effects on the environment and stream hydrology. Willow species (Salicaceae: Salix spp.) introduced into Australia have spread throughout many riparian systems causing adverse environmental impacts, with high rates of water extraction when located within stream beds (in‐stream willows) thus altering hydrology. Strategies exist to manage willows; however, simpler, more cost‐effective methods are required to map and monitor spatial and temporal distributions. A method is presented to discriminate willow stands from surrounding native riparian vegetation using a single, very high 2 m resolution multispectral WorldView‐2 satellite image. A combination of spectral bands ‘coastal blue’ (400–450 nm), ‘red’ (630–690 nm), ‘red edge’ (705–745 nm) and ‘near infrared2’ (860–1040 nm), minimum noise fraction transformation, median filtering and maximum likelihood supervised classification provided the highest discriminatory power within a 25 km2 study area. Of the spectral bands, coastal blue, red edge and near infrared2 are new bands that are not available in other multispectral sensors. These bands proved critical to the success of discriminating willows from other land cover categories (overall accuracy of 97%). Stream channels were defined by incorporating a LiDAR‐derived digital elevation model to discriminate between willows on stream banks and within stream beds. Canopy area estimates of in‐stream willows, coupled with water savings estimates from willow removal, suggest removal of 10.4 ha of Salix fragilis canopy from within river channels in the study area will potentially return 41 ML year−1 to the environment. The method presented improves our understanding of willow impacts on hydrology and aids decisions regarding willow removal for water resource management. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bio and Nano Working Together: Engineering the Protein‐Nanoparticle Interface
Authors: Mout Rubul , Rotello Vincent M.
Published: May 2013

Surface engineering of nanoparticles controls the interaction of these materials with proteins and other biomolecules. These interactions provide an important tool for integrating synthetic and biological systems. We will discuss the use of nanoparticles to modulate the structure and function of proteins, the self‐assembly of proteins and nanoparticles to create multifunctional materials, and the construction of nanoparticle‐based sensors for the detection and identification of proteins and cells.
Genetic Association and Gene Expression Profiles of TGFB1 and the Contribution of TGFB1 to Otosclerosis Susceptibility
Authors: Priyadarshi Saurabh , Ray Chinmay Sundar , Panda Khirod Chandra , Desai Ashim , Nayak Soumya Ranjan , Biswal Narayan Chandra , Ramchander Puppala Venkat
Published: May 2013

Otosclerosis (OTSC) is a common form of acquired hearing loss resulting from disturbed bone remodeling in the otic capsule of the middle ear. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFB1) produced by osteoblasts is the most abundant growth factor in human bone. Previous studies have shown the contribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TGFB1 toward the risk of developing OTSC in some ethnic populations. The present study was aimed at investigating the genetic association and expression profiles of TGFB1 in OTSC patients. Two SNPs (c.–800G > A and c.–509C > T) in the promoter region and three SNPs (c.29T > C, c.74G > C, and c.788C > T) in the coding region were genotyped in 170 cases and 170 controls. The genetic association analysis revealed the significant association between c.–509C > T (p = 0.0067; odds ratio [OR] = 1.562; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.140–2.139) and OTSC. The increased minor allele “T” frequency in cases (0.42) compared to controls (0.31) indicates its possible role in the etiology of the disease. The minor allele frequencies for the SNPs c.–800G > A, c.29T > C, and c.74G > C were similar among the cases (0.04, 0.47, and 0.08, respectively) and controls (0.05, 0.42, 0.07, respectively). We found that c.788C > T was monomorphic in this population. Interestingly, a four-locus haplotype (G-T-T-G) from these SNPs was found to be significantly associated with OTSC (p = 0.0077). We identified a de novo heterozygous mutation c.–832G > A in the promoter region of TGFB1 in 1 patient. In a secondary analysis, we investigated the possibility of abnormal TGFB1 expression and irregular bone growth in OTSC by expression analysis of TGFB1 mRNA in disease tissue compared to control. We found relatively increased expression of TGFB1 mRNA in the stapes tissues of cases compared to controls (p = 0.0057). In conclusion, this study identified a risk variant c.–509C > T and a risk haplotype G-T-T-G in the TGFB1 gene that contribute toward the susceptibility to OTSC. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Soldier Morphogenesis in the Damp‐Wood Termite Is Regulated by the Insulin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hattori Akiko , Sugime Yasuhiro , Sasa Chifune , Miyakawa Hitoshi , Ishikawa Yuki , Miyazaki Satoshi , Okada Yasukazu , Cornette Richard , Lavine Laura Corley , Emlen Douglas J. , Koshikawa Shigeyuki , Miura Toru
Published: May 2013

Eusocial insects exhibit various morphological castes associated with the division of labor within a colony. Termite soldiers possess defensive traits including mandibles that are greatly exaggerated and enlarged, as compared to termite reproductives and workers. The enlarged mandibles of soldiers are known to result from dynamic morphogenesis during soldier differentiation that can be induced by juvenile hormone and its analogs. However, the detailed developmental mechanisms still remain unresolved. Because the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway has been shown to regulate the relative sizes of organs (i.e., allometry) in other insects, we examined the expression profiles of major IIS factors in the damp‐wood termite Hodotermopsis sjostedti, during soldier differentiation. The relative expression patterns of orthologs for termite InR (HsjInR), PKB/Akt (HsjPKB/Akt), and FOXO (HsjFOXO) suggest that HsjInR and HsjPKB/Akt were up‐regulated in the period of elongation of mandibles during soldier development. In situ hybridization showed that HsjInR was strongly expressed in the mandibular epithelial tissues, and RNA interference (RNAi) for HsjInR disrupted soldier‐specific morphogenesis including mandibular elongation. These results suggest that signaling through the IIS pathway is required for soldier‐specific morphogenesis. In addition, up‐regulation of the IIS pathway in other body tissues occurred at earlier stages of development, indicating that there is tissue‐specific IIS regulation. Because the IIS pathway is generally thought to act upstream of JH in insects, our results suggest the damp‐wood termite may have evolved a novel feedback loop between JH and IIS that enables social interactions, rather than nutrition, to regulate caste determination. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 320B:295–306, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Attenuation of lightning‐produced sferics in the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide and low‐latitude ionosphere
Authors: Burkholder Brian S. , Hutchins Michael L. , McCarthy Michael P. , Pfaff Robert F. , Holzworth Robert H.
Published: May 2013

We compare radio atmospherics (sferics) detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) to very low frequency (VLF) whistler waves observed in the low‐latitude ionosphere by the Vector Electric Field Instrument of the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. We also model the propagation of these sferics through the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide to the subsatellite point using the Long‐Wavelength Propagation Capability software and compare this result to the same C/NOFS data set. This unprecedentedly expansive data set allows comparison to theory and prior observation of VLF radio wave propagation in the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide and low‐latitude ionosphere. We show that WWLLN and C/NOFS observe the well‐known effect of variable attenuation with direction within the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide. Propagation within the ionosphere is also examined, and a lack of attenuation above 400 km is observed. Finally, in comparison to recent works using Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) data by Fiser et al. and Chum et al., we find that C/NOFS successfully detects whistlers with comparable amplitudes at much greater distances, compared to those reported for DEMETER.
Competing and cutoff leaders before “upward illumination”‐type lightning ground strokes
Authors: Stolzenburg Maribeth , Marshall Thomas C. , Karunarathne Sumedhe , Karunarathna Nadeeka , Warner Tom A. , Orville Richard E.
Published: May 2013

High‐speed video data provide evidence to examine a hypothesis regarding the physical mechanism resulting in the very weak “upward illumination” (UI) strokes occurring within a few milliseconds after a normal return stroke (RS) of a negative lightning flash. These short‐duration (visible < 1 ms) strokes form a new ground connection, without apparent connection to the main RS, over their relatively short (< 3 km) visible upward return path. In a data set of 170 video flashes acquired in 2011 at 50,000 frames per second, there are 20 clear UI examples in 18 flashes at 2.5–32.3 km range from the camera. Average separation values are 1.25 ms and 1.9 km between ground connections of the UI stroke and main RS. In 15 cases, the data show a distinct stepped leader or branch to the UI which develops concurrently with the stepped leader to the main RS. The estimated altitude of the descending UI leader tip just before the main RS occurs ranges from 50 to 610 m, and in seven cases, stepping is visible in the UI leader after the main RS. In most examples, the RS and UI appear as separate channels for their entire visible portion, but in five cases, there is an obvious junction indicating the UI leader is a cutoff branch from the main leader. A generalized schematic of the seven main luminosity stages in a typical UI is described, accompanied by examples of each stage, to support the existence of competing and cutoff leader branches.
Synthesis of [1,3, NH2‐15N3] (5′S)‐8,5′‐cyclo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine
Authors: Malik Chanchal K. , Das Rajat S. , Basu Ashis K.
Published: May 2013

To facilitate NMR studies and low‐level detection in biological samples by mass spectrometry, [1,3, NH2‐15N3] (5′S)‐8,5′‐cyclo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine was synthesized from imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid in 21 steps. The three 15N isotopes were introduced during the chemo‐enzymatic preparation of [1,3, NH2‐15N3]‐2′‐deoxyguanosine using an established procedure. The 15N‐labeled 2′‐deoxyguanosine was converted to a 5′‐phenylthio derivative, which allowed the 8‐5′ covalent bond formation via photochemical homolytic cleavage of the C–SPh bond. SeO2 oxidation of C‐5′ followed by sodium borohydride reduction and deprotection gave the desired product in good yield. The isotopic purity of the [1,3, NH2‐15N3] (5′S)‐8,5′‐cyclo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine was in excess of 99.94 atom% based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry measurements. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Platelets increase while serum reduces the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts in vitro
Authors: Agis Hermann , Schröckmair Stefan , Skorianz Carmine , Fischer Michael B. , Watzek Georg , Gruber Reinhard
Published: May 2013

Platelets modulate formation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, but research with different preparations of platelets remains inconclusive. Here, we assessed whether serum components modulate the effect of platelet preparations. In murine bone marrow cultures, osteoclastogenesis was investigated in the presence of platelet‐released supernatant (PRS), serum containing PRS (SC‐PRS), and serum. Osteoclastogenesis was quantified by the numbers of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive multinucleated cells, TRAP activity and resorption assays. Also human osteoclastogenesis assays were performed. Viability and proliferation were tested by MTT and 3[H]thymidine incorporation assays, respectively. Osteoblastogenesis was assessed by histochemical staining for alkaline phosphatase‐of murine bone marrow cultures and human MG63 cells. We found PRS to increase the number of TRAP+ multinucleated cells in the early phase and TRAP activity in the later phase of osteoclastogenesis. SC‐PRS and serum decreased the number and activity of TRAP+ multinucleated cells. Both serum containing preparations reduced viability and proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors. PRS decreased the numbers of alkaline phosphatase‐positive colonies while SC‐PRS and serum increased osteoblastmarkers in MG63. Proliferation of MG63 was stimulated by all preparations. These results show that activated platelets support osteoclastogenesis, while platelet preparations that contain serum components decrease osteoclastogenesis and increase osteoblastogenesis in vitro, suggesting that serum components modulate the effects of platelets on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1561–1569, 2013
Texture‐based and diffusion‐weighted discrimination of parotid gland lesions on MR images at 3.0 Tesla
Authors: Fruehwald‐Pallamar Julia , Czerny Christian , Holzer‐Fruehwald Laura , Nemec Stefan F. , Mueller‐Mang Christina , Weber Michael , Mayerhoefer Marius E.
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether texture‐based analysis of standard MRI sequences and diffusion‐weighted imaging can help in the discrimination of parotid gland masses.

The MR images of 38 patients with a biopsy‐ or surgery‐proven parotid gland mass were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were examined on the same 3.0 Tesla MR unit, with one standard protocol. The ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) values of the tumors were measured with three regions of interest (ROIs) covering the entire tumor. Texture‐based analysis was performed with the texture analysis software MaZda (version 4.7), with ROI measurements covering the entire tumor in three slices. COC (co‐occurrence matrix), RUN (run‐length matrix), GRA (gradient), ARM (auto‐regressive model), and WAV (wavelet transform) features were calculated for all ROIs. Three subsets of 10 texture features each were used for a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in combination with k nearest neighbor classification (k‐NN).

Using histology as a standard of reference, benign tumors, including subtypes, and malignant tumors were compared with regard to ADC and texture‐based values, with a one‐way analysis of variance with post‐hoc t‐tests.

Significant differences were found in the mean ADC values between Warthin tumors and pleomorphic adenomas, as well as between Warthin tumors and benign lesions. Contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images contained the most relevant textural information for the discrimination between benign and malignant parotid masses, and also for the discrimination between pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors. STIR images contained the least relevant texture features, particularly for the discrimination between pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors.

Texture analysis proved to differentiate benign from malignant lesions, as well as pleomorphic adenomas from Warthin tumors, based on standard T1w sequences (without and with contrast). Of all benign parotid masses, Warthin tumors had significantly lower ADC values than the other entities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H‐NMR Quantification of Major Saccharides in Açaí Raw Materials: a Comparison of the Internal Standard Methodology with the Absolute Intensity qNMR Method
Authors: Sterling Cole , Crouch Ronald , Russell David J. , Calderón Angela I.
Published: May 2013

Introduction

While the use of internal standard methodology for qNMR is a proven and reliable form of quantification, simplified alternative approaches are needed. Agilent's absolute intensity qNMR utility software is a valuable alternative that has not yet been subjected to validation in the peer‐reviewed literature.

Objective

To provide validation of Agilent's absolute intensity qNMR method with a specific application to natural product quantification by measuring saccharide content in açaí materials.

Methods

In order to validate the method, calibration test samples of ibuprofen were prepared in DMSO‐d6 at nine different concentrations and measured with 1H‐NMR. A minimum of 40 spectra were collected for each sample, and the absolute intensity utility was used for quantification. The same methodology was then applied to the açaí materials, creating triplicates for each of the materials and using 3‐(trimethylsilyl)‐1‐propanesulphonic acid sodium salt in water‐d2 as both the solvent and internal standard. 1H‐NMR spectra were collected, and the amounts of glucose, sucrose and fructose were determined using both the internal standard approach and the absolute intensity qNMR method.

Results

Applying the absolute intensity utility to the ibuprofen samples demonstrated a linear response (R2 = 0.99943). For the açaí investigations, results obtained from the absolute intensity method were comparable to those obtained from the internal standard approach, with percentage differences ranging from 0.5–6.2%.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the accuracy, precision and reliability of Agilent's absolute intensity qNMR method. In addition, practical information is provided for assessing the saccharide contents of açaí materials. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.