bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing the State of Connecticut emergency credentialing programme for healthcare professionals
Authors: Luddy Carol , Paturas James L. , Forte Elaine
Published: July 2024

The failure of the emergency response system, healthcare delivery organisations and multiple levels of government to work together to provide adequate medical response during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita demonstrates the need to develop a coordinated and national approach to recruiting, pre-qualifying and credentialing healthcare professionals who are willing to volunteer during a large-scale disaster or public health emergency. Inadequately prepared to continue normal operations in the face of the enormity of the Gulf Coast disaster, which destroyed or disabled hospitals and other vital infrastructure, in addition to generating large numbers of patients, individual healthcare organisations in the Gulf Coast region had no hope of expanding their personnel surge capability and operational capacity. Public health and infectious disease clinical experts continue to express concern over predictions that the next influenza pandemic could affect 15–40 per cent of the US population through hospitalisations and outpatient visits. Hospital emergency management plans should therefore include a strategy for the integration of volunteer healthcare personnel who are prepared to assist with meeting the challenges of a sudden surge in patient volume.
Data breach litigation and regulatory enforcement: A survey of our present and how to prepare for the future
Authors: Dayanim Behnam , George Edward
Published: July 2024

Americans have grown accustomed to the drumbeat of data breaches, particularly because most have involved credit card data where individuals are protected from harm and almost never suffer out-of-pocket losses. But the more recent data breaches — Equifax, Yahoo! and the United States Office of Personnel Management — raise new concerns because of the amount of highly sensitive data that has been compromised. These compromises have caught the attention of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), state attorneys general and Congress, and, as a result, the approaches to privacy-related harms are changing. This paper explores the circuit courts of appeals‘ approaches to privacy harms in data breach cases, specifically with regard to Article III standing, and the FTC‘s approach in its privacy and cyber security enforcement actions. After examining both approaches, this paper concludes with insights into best practices on dealing with the shifting legislative, judicial and regulatory climate surrounding breaches.
The nature of financial inclusion in Lesotho: Challenges and main policy considerations to increase access to and use of quality financial services
Authors: Sekantsi Lira Peter
Published: July 2024

The scale of financial exclusion remains high, especially among low-income and disadvantaged people in rural and remote areas in Lesotho owing to the concentration of physical financial infrastructure in urban areas, high costs of bank accounts and other financial services, lack of proper documentation, lack of interoperability and lack of a proper financial consumer protection and dispute resolution framework. The deployment of mobile money provided a glimpse of hope, but it also faces significant challenges. Therefore, government authorities, financial regulators and policymakers are engaged in policy and regulatory initiatives aimed at increasing financial inclusion in Lesotho. These comprise the expansion of financial infrastructure beyond urban areas; promoting efficient account-to-account interoperability; and enactment and review of the legal and regulatory framework for payment, clearing and settlement systems, banking and non-bank financial institutions, insurance, pensions and other financial services and products. Other initiatives are the implementation of Lesotho Scaling Inclusion through Mobile Money (Lesotho SIMM) to address the challenges facing mobile money uptake and use in Lesotho and assessing the feasibility of introducing digital financial identity as a unique identifier in Lesotho. The government of Lesotho should also adopt digital payment methods (including mobile money) to increase financial inclusion in Lesotho.
Regeneration as social innovation, not a war game
Authors: Barrie David
Published: July 2024

There is an emerging new debate going on as to what is the value and purpose of community involvement in urban renewal. At the moment, different parts of the urban planning system use 'consultation' in different ways. But more often than not, 'consultation' and 'engagement' are democratic-sounding words for a process of co-option: appointing members of the community to a given strategy or plan. This paper outlines two projects which have brought innovation the role and nature of 'community involvement', but which push to re-frame policy and practice: take methodology away from two-dimensional public relations, the procedural fetishism of local government and the 'Post-it-itis' of public workshops — towards the broader idea of mobilising sustainable networks of local people. Smaller towns and cities have idiosyncratic characters that can be mobilised to support the social and economic benefit of a place, but an appropriate strategy needs to be formulated for public involvement. Community engagement needs to give way to ideas of participation and customer service. It needs to support long-term values and sustainability that will be intrinsic to the viability of the regeneration sector after recession. This is a matter of effective business practice, not just ethics.
Net searcher sentiment: A web-search based replacement for net promoter score
Authors: Gerber Isaac
Published: July 2024

In 2003, Bain consultant Frederick Reichheld published an article in Harvard Business Review arguing that the best predictor of top-line growth can be captured in a single survey question: ‘Would you recommend this company to a friend?’ In the almost 20 years since, Reichheld's question, referred to as net promoter score (NPS), has become a standard metric for many organisations, complementing and even replacing more comprehensive customer satisfaction surveys. Yet, just as Reichheld argued in 2003 that companies were measuring the wrong thing, NPS itself may be the wrong measure. As documented in recent literature, NPS captures self-reported attitudes versus behaviour, is prone to sampling bias and runs the risk of non-participation bias. This paper explores the creation of a new metric, net searcher sentiment (NSS), that replaces NPS's reliance on survey data with aggregated search data. This paper lays out the benefits of NPS, its shortcomings as documented in the relevant literature, the methodology behind NSS, how it addresses the shortcomings of NPS, and provides two examples of NSS in action.
Not always nice: The effect of a whole-life perspective on heritage and redevelopment
Authors: Gibbeson Carolyn
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the effect of a whole-life, or whole history, perspective on heritage and redevelopment and the potential implications for urban regeneration. It examines how heritage preservation and protests to protect certain buildings are selective in their choice of history of a place and how these are valorised and used for particular goals. It uses the former Jessop Hospital, Sheffield, UK and a series of events within its history to investigate how the heritage-making process surrounding the hospital has been selective and proposes that practitioners and scholars need to understand this and the valorisation of certain historical moments as part of the urban development process. Through the Jessop Hospital case study, it examines how selective framing was formed by different stakeholders at particular points within the hospital’s history and how other events and moments were ignored by that framing. This case study approach considers what this means more widely for heritage redevelopment and how this might impact on developers, urban regeneration practitioners and scholars.
A foundation for building a data-driven culture
Authors: Wang Shu , Krisch Ulrike
Published: July 2024

As the world is becoming more digital, connected and intelligent, there is a growing desire among companies to become more data-driven. The unstoppable appetite for higher speed, sound and image resolution in this digital revolution is accompanied by an exponential increase in the volume of data. The key challenge, however, is how to use such data to serve our goals better. It is unwise to rely solely on technologies to cope with this challenge; rather, organisations must strike a balance between people and technologies. Technologies are here to help humans to take decisions, not take responsibility for decision-making. Championing this transformation in organisational culture is not easy and it is essential to lead by example. This article provides a foundation for building a data-driven culture and serves as a guideline for datadriven champions and other individuals who want to make such a change. It provides a generic framework on how data can play a critical role in research, problem solving and decision-making; provides an overview of common challenges; and suggests mitigations for daily practice.
Tax abatement as a downtown investment incentive and the community benefits debate
Authors: Ferguson Gary
Published: July 2024

What is the role of local government in economic development? Should local government intervene in the development process and if so, when and for what reasons and, if intervention occurs, what quid pro quo benefits should the locality expect in return? The use of tax abatement is examined along with the issues that arise when abatement is applied as a tool for urban rejuvenation. Much of the historical debate over tax abatement revolves around job-based development. There is a second form of tax abatement — investment based — which offers a different set of opportunities and challenges. One important challenge is the community benefit debate around the obligation of abated projects to provide extra benefits for the community. This challenge is discussed in relationship to underlying economic development imperatives for using the tax abatement tool, with Ithaca, New York, as a case study.
The transition from traditional to online education for the adult learner
Authors: Di Giovanni Lauren , Cronin-Gilmore Julia
Published: July 2024

Most educational institutions have been forced to transition to online education, prompting the adaptation of instructional approaches to ensure the diverse student population is accommodated. Digital learning platforms have created educational barriers for many adult students as the shift towards online education has accelerated due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Decades of traditional classroom experiences have enabled learned behaviour and the shift to online may no longer align with the students’ preferences, decreasing motivation and resulting in suboptimal outcomes. Exploration of the transition from traditional to online education has found technological barriers and the development of inclusive learning environments as transitional complexities for the adult learner. Examination of advantages and disadvantages of age-appropriate inclusive learning environments enables adaptation to equivalent learning opportunities. The transition to online education presents challenges and opportunities; however, through continuous evaluation and refinement, adaptation of digital learning can enhance the adult learner experience.
Economic, cultural and community regeneration in south Dorset
Authors: Williams Simon
Published: July 2024

This paper traces the transformation of the former naval/Ministry of Defence sites on Portland, which closed in the 1990s; the regeneration policy approach that was adopted; the partnership working that developed to ensure that regeneration projects were implemented successfully; the hosting of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games sailing events; and some of the economic, cultural, community and legacy benefits that are being derived from hosting the Games.
Bridging the gap: Delivering infrastructure investment in Britain's cities
Authors: Webber Christopher , Marshall Adam
Published: July 2024

High-quality infrastructure is a critical component of strong economic performance. Yet the UK has underinvested in its infrastructure for decades — especially transport. The Government has started to turn this around, but big problems persist. Britain's cities still face a major infrastructure funding gap and a delivery system that is both over-centralised and overly complex. This policy note suggests three principal actions to central and local government: *lpar;1) find innovative and effective new ways of drawing private sector finance into infrastructure investment; (2) give local leaders the financial levers required to address their infrastructure needs; and (3) simplify the UK's infrastructure delivery system.
The City of Penticton’s comprehensive approach to wildfire risk reduction
Authors: Mckeown Miyoko , Seibert Brittany
Published: July 2024

From 2017 to 2023, British Columbians experienced four record-breaking wildfire seasons, resulting in reduced air quality, mass evacuations and the destruction of homes, properties and livelihoods. Wildfire risk reduction is vital to breaking the sequence of disaster that has befallen such communities as Kelowna, BC in 2003, Ft. McMurray, AB in 2016, and Lytton, BC in 2021. As the City of Penticton (‘the City’) is located in a wildfire-prone environment, its Fire Department, FireSmart Team and Emergency Program have worked closely together to facilitate a proactive and comprehensive approach towards reducing the impacts of wildfire on Penticton’s neighbourhoods, businesses and residents through a variety of wildfire mitigation initiatives. This paper discusses the City’s efforts to achieve a holistic wildfire risk management plan through alignment with the seven disciplines of FireSmart and the four pillars of emergency management, namely: the use of education; land use planning and development considerations; vegetation management; emergency planning; and cross training and interagency cooperation. The paper describes the challenges the City has faced, as well its successes, and provides recommendations to help other local authorities reduce the risk of wildfire in their communities.
Operational risk: Back on the agenda
Authors: Mccormack Peter , Sheen Andrew
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on the role of operational risk in developing an effective enterprise wide risk management framework, and in ensuring that the firm develops an effective risk culture that supports the business.
Cash use across countries and the demand for central bank digital currency
Authors: Khiaonarong Tanai , Humphrey David
Published: July 2024

Within any country, the demand for central bank digital currency (CBDC) will be influenced by trends in the level of cash use. While having access to digital currency is more convenient than having to travel to an automated teller machine, this only makes digital currency as convenient as a bank debit card — not better. Demand for digital currency will thus be weak in countries where the adoption of cash substitutes (eg cards, electronic money, mobile phone payments) has suppressed demand for cash. By contrast, where cash use is high due to a lack of substitutes, demand for digital currency should be stronger. Building on the observation that demand for CBDC is tied to the current level of cash use, this paper uses four measures to assess trends in the demand for cash in 11 countries. A tentative forecast of cash use is also made. After showing that declining cash use is largely associated with demographic change, the study ties the level of cash use to the likely demand for CBDC in different countries. In this process, it is suggested that one measure of cash use is more useful than the others.
Managing urban environments: Opportunities and (un)sustainable practices in the Sava River area in Zagreb
Authors: Vukić Jana , Gamberožić Jelena Zlatar , Ursić Sara
Published: July 2024

Zagreb, the capital and the largest city of Croatia, addressed the frequent flooding from the Sava River to the south by ‘jumping over’ it to build a new part of the city, named New Zagreb, which is protected from floods with embankments. For several decades, urbanists and architects have proposed various solutions for the Sava River, and from time to time, political elites have implemented some proposals or elements of these. Nonetheless, Zagreb has never integrated the river into its urban fabric. At the same time, along the river, there are illegal rubbish dumps in the only protected natural area, and the institutions and local authorities ignore their existence and take no legal actions against the offenders. This paper presents a case study of the ‘Zagreb on the Sava’ project that used the most important determinants of sustainability as the criteria for the project review, with emphasis on sustainable urban planning and the sociocultural dimensions of sustainability through the prism of experts, ie planners and civil actors (UNDSD 2000). The results show, among other things, that the demands of civic actors (citizens and non-governmental organisations [NGOs]) and the everyday needs and practices of the local residents run counter to political decisions of the mayor and the rest of the local government. Both experts and citizens are powerless. This paper concludes that the unused and unacknowledged potential of the Sava River is important for the realisation of a sustainable city on a human scale.
Towards building a speciesspecific risk model for mammal-aircraft strikes
Authors: Carswell Brendan M. , Rea Roy V. , Searing Gary F. , Hesse Gayle
Published: July 2024

Wildlife strikes are a significant issue in the aviation industry, especially strikes with medium- to large-sized mammals, which pose a high risk of damage to aircraft and human safety. Despite the identified threat that mammals can pose to aircraft, few works have been published on ways to rank and predict the risk of mammalian species to aircraft. This study used remote camera trap data collected from an array of wildlife camera traps at the Prince George International Airport (YXS), Prince George, British Columbia, Canada, to calculate strike risk for various species of mammals involved in runway incidents between January 2012 and December 2018. Carnivores such as red foxes and coyotes were found to be the highest risk mammal species at YXS, but foxes were found airside infrequently compared to coyotes. Binary logistic regression modelling was used in an attempt to predict variables leading to runway incidents with coyotes at YXS. The highest supported logistic regression model predicting coyote incidents included the variables ‘weekday’, ‘month’ and ‘season’. Although data from camera traps did not help to predict incidents, trend data collected from camera traps mirrored coyote incident data, suggesting that camera traps are useful for capturing times of the day and seasons of the year in which coyotes are active at the airport. Suggestions are provided as to how cameras might be used to track the movement of animals more accurately and what other data could be useful in helping to build risk assessments and models to predict aircraft incidents with mammals of interest.
Custodian and third-party risk monitoring: Ongoing due diligence in the wake of COVID-19
Authors: Whitehill Ross
Published: July 2024

The aim of this paper is to provide the reader with an understanding of how the process of due diligence, particularly in respect of custodians, has developed over the last four decades; how it is today, and how it is likely to function in the post-COVID-19 environment. The intention is always to highlight the best market practice, and to determine what improvements can and have been made to the process to bring deeper under standing of the counterparty being examined, create efficiencies, and wherever possible, leverage technology to improve timeliness and reduce cost. While COVID-19 could never be seen as a positive, it has forced many industries, including financial services, to re-evaluate the way ongoing third-party monitoring and due diligence is per formed and has created some new models that support better outcomes and satisfy regulatory demands.
Green initiatives for sustainable airport services
Authors: Cosgrove Claire
Published: July 2024

Air transport is ever expanding and ever impacting our global environment. It is a carbon-driven, carbon-intensive industry. Air travel is often the only realistic option for the movement of both people and cargo in the current lifestyles and demands bound by time constraints. Aviation transportation is vital for Bahrain’s survival and daily operations. Therefore, an eco-friendly infrastructure offers viable options for implementing green technology. A significant portion of the emissions are from ground transportation that encompasses moving airport personnel, cabin crews and passengers between terminals and aircraft carriers. In addition, there is all the freight and cargo movement, food and fuel services, personal baggage and in-flight catering and waste servicing. This paper identifies six module areas that have the potential for ‘greening’ airports for a sustainable future. Then two module areas will be discussed in greater depth using the case study approach. Eco-friendly best practices can include on-site alternative energy–powered vehicles to solar energy–powered operations to within-terminal recycling initiatives as well as aircraft organic separation that are practical and sustainable. The main areas of sustainable activities and facilities services will be highlighted with case studies to emphasise various applications around the globe at international airports.
P2P lending scoring models: Do they predict default?
Authors: Giudici Paolo , Misheva Branka Hadji
Published: July 2024

Due to technological advancement, peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms have allowed significant cost reductions in lending. This improved allocation, however, comes at a higher credit risk. In this paper, the authors investigate the effectiveness of credit scoring models employed by P2P platforms with respect to loan default prediction. They argue that because of differences in risk ownership with respect to traditional lenders, the rating grades obtained from P2P scoring models may not be the best predictors of loan default.
The benefits of Shapley-value in key-driver analysis
Authors: Vriens Marco , Vidden Chad , Bosch Nathan
Published: July 2024

Linear (and other types of) regression are often used in what is referred to as ‘driver modelling’ in customer satisfaction studies. The goal of such research is often to determine the relative importance of various sub-components of the product or service in terms of predicting and explaining overall satisfaction. Driver modelling can also be used to determine the drivers of value, likelihood to recommend, etc. A common problem is that the independent variables are correlated, making it difficult to get a good estimate of the importance of the ‘drivers’. This problem is well known under conditions of severe multicollinearity, and alternatives like the Shapley-value approach have been proposed to mitigate this issue. This paper shows that Shapley-value may even have benefits in conditions of mild collinearity. The study compares linear regression, random forests and gradient boosting with the Shapley-value approach to regression and shows that the results are more consistent with bivariate correlations. However, Shapley-value regression does result in a small decrease in k-fold validation results.
Public space and the green city: Conflictual narratives of the superblock programme in Poblenou, Barcelona
Authors: Frago Lluis , Graziano Teresa
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to critically scrutinise the competing perceptions of sustainability-oriented actions in urban public spaces by exploring the case of the Barcelona semi-central district of Poblenou, where a programme of green-driven regeneration has recently been developed as a pilot test for the whole city. We focus on some elements of the Superillas (Superblocks) programme, such as pedestrianisation and the green-driven regeneration of public spaces, in order to explore to what extent pro-green urban agendas and sustainability-oriented planning approaches are embedded in the ‘green ethical commitment’ of the ‘green’ city, whose narratives tend to overemphasise the benefits of urban green, disregarding compelling perceptions of public spaces. In so doing, the paper aims to provide new insights into the debate about public spaces, urban green and public perceptions, which can often mirror asymmetric power relations and competing visions.
Creating a trove of digital assets at Facing History and Ourselves
Authors: Radding Eva , Facredyn Karl
Published: July 2024

In 2011, Facing History and Ourselves set out to fundamentally change its management and use of its media collections. Starting with inaccessible legacy media, inconsistent distribution mechanisms and media management challenges, Facing History has successfully digitised its legacy media, established policies for born-digital production, established a taxonomy, and implemented and rolled out a digital asset management system created by Orange Logic. As a result, the organisation is able to maximise its use of video and image assets in online and print learning materials, professional development programmes, and conventional and social media outreach. This paper explores the processes, challenges and considerations involved in creating a digital asset management system from both the client and the vendor perspectives.
Hyper-personalisation: Inducing behaviours through data — how machine learning and automation can help customers make valuable and informed decisions
Authors: Coelho Luís , Cachola Gonçalo
Published: July 2024

While personalisation is not an entirely new topic, there is currently massive hype around it. This is because service providers realise that they need to be more cost-effective in engaging with their customers, and also because customers now demand to be treated individually and in a personalised way. Several market trends have been adopted in recent years, bringing service providers to the level where they currently stand. The previous trends were both beneficial and applicable in a particular context; however, today, new approaches are required for service providers to progress, improve and move to the next level. Achieving a hyper degree of personalisation can be challenging — it requires investment, time and the right strategy. Furthermore, it is not a straightforward path, and it is essential to understand the business and technical challenges that service providers must address and overcome to succeed — challenges for which hyper-personalisation is the answer. This paper explores the concept of hyper-personalisation and its potential to induce customer behaviour through datadriven insights. It highlights the importance of knowing customers and leveraging their preferences and habits to deliver valuable and informed decisions. The financial services industry has the significant advantage of having access to a huge installed customer base and its data. In general, it is not a problem of lack of data that these industries face but rather one of how to derive actionable insights from it. The hyper-personalisation approach is bridging data with cognitive and digital capabilities to deliver unique, in-context and highly relevant experiences. With hyper-personalisation, service providers can scale up the personalisation leveraged by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to deliver experiences and recommendations in real time to individuals, creating a true one-to-one personalisation.
E-commerce: A merchant’s perspective on innovative solutions in payments
Authors: Geerling Max
Published: July 2024

As online purchasing grows in volume and the use of cash continues to decline, the need for efficient and effective digital payment methods not only increases but also diversifies. Simply put, payment services and their providers must take into account the specific constraints or conditions that are relevant to merchants’ primary business processes. This paper analyses such key requirements for the design of successful payment interaction flows and the impact on payments products and infrastructure. It does so through a summary of relevant external trends in retail commerce and financial services and a basic analysis of the economics of payments. Further opportunities and challenges from the revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2) and ‘access-to-the-account’ are considered, especially regarding the stipulations on strong customer authentication and transaction authorisation.
Archnet 2.0: Building a new asset management system for MIT’s online architectural library of the Islamic world
Authors: Schuler Andrea
Published: July 2024

Archnet 2.0 is a new front-end website and back-end cataloguing tool and asset management system for Archnet (http://archnet.org), the largest openly accessible online architectural library focusing on the Muslim world. The site, a partnership between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, contains articles and publications, images, maps and drawings, video, archival material, course syllabi and site records relating to architecture in the Islamic world. By 2012, when the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT, part of the MIT Libraries, took over the digital library, the site had become dated and was no longer meeting the needs of its users. A software development firm was hired to build new front and back ends for the site. This paper explores the development of the new back-end cataloguing and asset management tool, including: the reasoning behind building a new tool from scratch; considerations during development such as database structure, fields and migration; highlights of features; and lessons learned from the process.
Local asset backed vehicles: The potential for exponential growth as the delivery vehicle of choice for physical regeneration
Authors: Grace George , Ludiman Andrew M. W.
Published: July 2024

Nearly half the Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) in England have now adopted the use of local asset backed vehicles (LABVs) as a means to manage and/or develop their property holdings. In doing so, they have collectively invested over £400m of property in 50/50 partnerships with leading private sector regeneration experts such as Igloo Regeneration Ltd. Given the RDAs property holdings represent less than half a per cent of those held by local authorities (£1bn compared with £230bn), the potential impact on the regeneration sector if local authorities embraced this new approach to regeneration could be enormous in terms of leveraging in private sector finance, heralding a new culture of genuine partnership between the public and private sectors and catalysing a paradigm shift in the quantum and quality of physical regeneration in the UK.
Discovering, describing and digitising CCTV: Challenges and attempts of making New York Chinatown’s community television archive accessible
Authors: Ying Wang Klavier Jie
Published: July 2024

Archives created by and of ethnic minority groups play an important role in the preservation of cultural heritage. However, making such archival materials effectively and openly accessible is not straightforward, not least due to language barriers and the limitations of digitisation. Using the case of a Chinese American audiovisual collection housed at New York University, this article demonstrates the challenges associated with making a historically important archive more visible and accessible. As the article will show, digitisation does not necessarily lead to immediate accessibility. The article discusses ways to elevate archive visibility and accessibility, not simply through technical workflows but also outreach campaigning. Thoughts on granting more open access to ethnic minority archives are also included.
Towards a capability assessment model for the comprehension and adoption of AI in organisations
Authors: Butler Tom , Espinoza-Limón Angelina , Seppälä Selja
Published: July 2024

The comprehension and adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) are beset with practical and ethical problems. This paper presents a five-level AI capability assessment model (AI-CAM) and a related AI capabilities matrix (AI-CM) to assist practitioners in AI comprehension and adoption. These practical tools were developed with business executives, technologists and other organisational stakeholders in mind. They are founded on a comprehensive conception of AI compared with those in other AI adoption models and are also open-source artefacts. Thus, the AI-CAM and AI-CM present an accessible resource to help inform organisational decision makers on the capability requirements for: 1) AI-based data analytics use cases based on machine learning technologies; 2) knowledge representation to engineer and represent data, information and knowledge using semantic technologies; and 3) AI-based solutions that seek to emulate human reasoning and decision making. The AI-CAM covers the core capability dimensions (business, data, technology, organisation, AI skills, risks and ethical considerations) required at the five levels of capability maturity to achieve optimal use of AI in organisations. The AI-CM details the related individual and team-level capabilities needed to reach each level in organisational AI capability; it therefore extends and enriches existing perspectives by introducing knowledge and skills requirements at all levels of an organisation. It posits three levels of AI proficiency: 1) basic, for operational users who interact with AI and participate in AI adoption; 2) advanced, for professionals who are charged with comprehending AI and developing related business models and strategies; and 3) expert, for computer engineers, data scientists and knowledge engineers participating in the design and implementation of AI-based technologies to support business use cases. In conclusion, the AI-CAM and AI-CM present a valuable resource for practitioners, businesses and technologists looking to innovate using AI technologies and maximise the return to their organisations.
A conceptual design framework to incorporate flexibility in airport terminals
Authors: Shuchi Sarah , Drogemuller Robin , Buys Laurie
Published: July 2024

Airport terminals go through frequent transformations to accommodate technological advancements as well as changes in regulations. The ever-growing aviation industry requires airport terminals to be planned, designed and constructed in a way that will allow flexible operating conditions. The current paper revisits the significance of the ‘flexible design’ concept, which has been applied considerably in residential and commercial buildings, but not in airport terminals. This paper proposes a hypothetical design framework, Flexible Design Framework for Airport Terminals (FlexDFA) utilising available flexible design strategies; it is envisaged that this strategy will assist designers in developing flexible spatial layouts at the early stage of a design process. The development of flexible layout exploits the passenger process models to uncover the implicit relationship between the spatial layout of a terminal building and its corresponding passenger activities. The proposed concept also identifies a number of design parameters to qualitatively evaluate the essential flexibility of a terminal design.
Obama’s urban policy
Authors: Lee Neil
Published: July 2024

When Barack Obama was elected US President, he was unusual in doing so with an urban image, an urban mandate and an explicit urban policy. This paper reviews his approaches to urban policy during the election and the first 100 days of his presidency, and asks what lessons the approach offers for UK urban policy. While a few of his early policy announcements, such as the establishment of the Office of Urban Affairs, have marked significant attempts to give greater voice to the cities, these policies have been secondary to his economic agenda. The economic stimulus will have mixed results for cities. While some targeted transport improvements are likely to benefit urban areas, the funding is largely administered by state government and so may not be targeted at urban problems. This emerging urban policy has two principal implications for UK policy makers: the need to consider the urban impact of national government policy and the suggestion that decentralisation is not enough to ensure successful governance of urban areas.
Empowering students to create and share campus stories
Authors: Fragello Luke , Kasun Genna Welsh
Published: July 2024

Juniata College employs students in its marketing office; however, unlike other colleges, it lets students drive its digital marketing efforts by granting them control over social networks and handing them cameras, booms and editing software — the very same tools the college uses when informing prospective students and donors about the institution. The college approach to hiring, training and retaining students creates distinct advantages compared to operations that choose not to empower students in a similar fashion. This paper shares the college leadership philosophies about how to empower students not only to click ‘share’ on a social media post containing marketing content, but to create content about Juniata College. Starting with a distinctive student employment mechanism, the paper details how the institution hires, trains and retains students, preparing them for future career success and, all the while, ensuring they gain valuable insight on content and content strategy for the college and its marketing efforts.
How to go from storytelling to fact telling and still sell products, ideas and hope
Authors: Wright James
Published: July 2024

We exist now in what can sometimes feel like an alternative universe, where fake news headlines go viral, algorithmic bias targets us with content that is popular and engaging but not necessarily trustworthy, chatbots are powered by artificial intelligence and deepfake video technology runs amok. The global rise of misinformation and the decline of consumer trust in both government and media have coincided with technological advances and tarnished demand for brand strategists’ old tricks. One of these is storytelling. Now, if you are a brand that is being even a little disingenuous with your communications today, then to some you may as well be a bald-faced liar. Instead, regardless of the industry, whether B2B or consumer, brands today should be in the business of fact telling. At stake are a business’ reputation, customer loyalty and the bottom line. Furthermore, it is up to us to help ensure that the information environment does not deteriorate further on our watch. The most exciting thing a brand can do today is to be audaciously authentic. But have we forgotten how to be? Moreover, can we tell the truth and still get consumers to add our products to their shopping carts, become brand advocates and loyalists and even learn to trust again? Within, we outline a framework for brands to meaningfully differentiate with truth telling.
Using agility to combat cyber attacks
Authors: Anderson Kerry A.
Published: July 2024

Some incident response practitioners feel that they have been locked in a battle with cyber criminals since the popular adoption of the internet. Initially, organisations made great inroads in preventing and containing cyber attacks. In the last few years, however, cyber criminals have become adept at eluding defence security technologies and rapidly modifying their exploit strategies for financial or political gains. Similar to changes in military combat tactics, cyber criminals utilise distributed attack cells, real-time communications, and rapidly mutating exploits to minimise the potential for detection. Cyber criminals have changed their attack paradigm. This paper describes a new incident response paradigm aimed at combating the new model of cyber attacks with an emphasis on agility to increase the organisation’s ability to respond rapidly to these new challenges.
The relationship equilibrium: Deriving value from client and supplier relationships
Authors: Longley Neil
Published: July 2024

The maturity of the facilities management (FM) services provided into any business is driven, at least in part, by the relationship between the FM client and the supplier delivering the services. Maturity measurement identifies whether or not the optimum FM operating model is in use for the business being served. Unconscious incompetency to conscious competency is the journey of maturity for all FM organisations and one influencer of success is the creation of relationship equilibrium between the FM client and the supplier, which facilitates the right maturity of FM delivery. Understanding the equilibrium, the principles that are applied to develop the most effective equilibrium and the benefits realised by achieving it comprise both the objective and the essence of this paper. In addition, a clear understanding of the operational consequences and costs of failing to achieve this equilibrium may lead the reader to consider their existing relationship within the context discussed and to contemplate moving that relationship forward by applying the principles articulated.
Financial engineering and engineering of financial regulation: Guidance for compliance and risk management
Authors: Coskun Yener
Published: July 2024

As observed in at least the last two decades, financial engineering has not only changed the way in which business is conducted in the finance world, but also the daily life of the average citizen in the leading economies. Structured products have been deemed weapons of mass destruction in some post-crisis comments, but it is fair to say that few people could understand the nature and risks of these instruments before the crisis. In this paper, the author analyses how regulators failed to understand/manage the risks of financially engineered products during/before the global financial crisis. After defining the risks/benefits, the measures to enhance good regulatory governance in general and hence engineered products also are discussed. It is concluded, first, that engineered products have important benefits for the global economy, but that the regulatory/supervisory structure should be improved for better firm/system-wide risk management. Secondly, four components are recommended to improve the prudential regulatory/supervisory framework: to employ timely, effective action to balance sheet problems, to increase the effectiveness of firm/industry-wide risk management, to improve the independence and quality of prudential regulation and to increase the accountability of supervisors.
Understanding and reducing the risk of supply chain disruptions
Authors: Clark Graham
Published: July 2024

Natural disasters can wreak havoc on business operations. When civil unrest swept the UK in August 2011, the effect on business was stark, losing the retail sector £300m in unexpected costs and lost revenues. On the other side of the world, the natural disaster that hit Japan in early 2011 is estimated to have run up costs in the region of £189bn in repairs. Beyond this, the earthquake and its aftermath shattered supply chains, with technology companies expecting delays of up to six months before business could resume fully. It is impossible to predict incidents like these, but businesses can help mitigate disruption in the supply chain by undertaking business continuity management (BCM). A flexible supply chain is essential when it comes to BCM — whether it means being able to cope with altering transport routes at short notice, or finding or replacing a supplier at the last minute. Understanding the supply chain is critical when responding to major impacts that affect supply chains in multiple points — like IT system failures and country-wide fuel strikes. Businesses should carry out detailed business impact assessments and risk assessments right across the end-to-end supply chain and not just at key single points of failure. It is an intensive process that needs dedicated resources and ownership at the highest level. Recognising this, DHL has designed a 10-step process, which it has implemented across its global supply chain business. This paper provides an overview of what a supply chain really looks like, what can cause disruptions and how far up/down the supply chain companies need to go with their BCM planning.
A successful real estate strategy hinges on Millennials : Here is what they want
Authors: Kupiec Andrew
Published: July 2024

Millennials are projected to make up more than half of the workforce in a matter of two years, yet many workplace environments still cater to prior generations’ needs — in large part due to limitations in understanding what Millennials truly want. Building on findings that office and workspace design affect Millennials´ happiness, motivation, productivity and well-being more than any other generation, this paper highlights key findings from an extensive global study that explores how the millennial generation chooses to live, work and play and translates those findings to best practices for building an office environment that caters to those needs. We find that Millennials might not fit certain preconceived notions of their workplace perferences: they are not entitled and eager to move between jobs; they are eager for a separation between work and leisure; they are striving for the elusive private office as opposed to enjoying the open office concept; and they are open to moving outside of the big city for the right office environment. These findings indicate new opportunites for extra-urban campuses, but also offer key lessons about the provision of flexible office spaces and targeted amenities.
The role of public libraries in urban entrepreneurship
Authors: Suchanic Elizabeth (Betsey) , Pond Mark , Perry Morgan
Published: July 2024

While public libraries are commonly perceived in their role of providing access to books, many urban public libraries are finding new ways to contribute to local economic growth through services to entrepreneurs and small business owners. This paper explores the unique audiences that public libraries can reach, the assets they provide, explorations into the entrepreneurship ecosystem, and two case studies of library systems. Public libraries provide economic benefits through their physical buildings, economic mobility programmes and services, particularly their workforce development offerings. Building on this, targeted business outreach to entrepreneurs creates a new opportunity for economic impact. As inventoried by public library staff, libraries provide physical space, technology and equipment, training and education and research service assets to local entrepreneurs. The two case studies of urban public libraries in the US, Mid-Continent Public Library, Missouri and Spokane Public Library (SPL), Washington, show different service models to entrepreneurs and business owners and aligned partners. As public libraries continue to evolve their service models in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there are additional opportunities for the library to contribute to their local economic recovery.
How higher education marketers should think about mental availability: A framework for graduate enrolment growth
Authors: Huebner Christopher
Published: July 2024

With the release of Byron Sharp's ‘How Brands Grow’ and ‘How Brands Grow Part 2’ and the work of Les Binet and Peter Field, marketing managers have benefited from the development of empirical marketing principles that provide guideposts for growth.1–3 However, the relevancy of these principles are often questioned when applied to marketing and recruitment for institutions of higher education. This paper will argue that small shifts in consumer behaviour and the increasingly competitive online landscape make mental availability even more important for higher education marketers to compete online. Using the tenets of Sharp's mental availability, the paper will show how to apply these principles to build a strong digital marketing ecosystem and contribute more effectively to marketing and recruiting specifically for graduate programmes.