bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: All‐Carbon‐Substituted Quaternary Carbon Atoms in Oxindoles by an Aerobic Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Ring Closure onto Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Double Bonds.
Authors: Schiffner Julia A. , Oestreich Martin
Published: May 2011

Key features of the synthesis include excellent ring‐size selectivity, high regioselectivity of unsymmetrically substituted arenes, and compatibility with uniquely reactive tetrasubstituted alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrasubstituted and 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles by Zinc Oxide as Efficient and Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Bahrami Kiumars , Khodaei Mohammad M. , Nejati Akbar
Published: May 2011

Simple and efficient syntheses of the title imidazole derivatives are developed using ZnO‐catalyzed multicomponent reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel (1‐Substituted‐5‐phenyl‐3‐trifluoromethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐(substituted benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐diazene and Their Antifungal Activity.
Authors: Sareen V. , Khatri V. , Shinde D. , Sareen S.
Published: May 2011

All the title compounds (V) (8 examples) show significant antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Hydrophilic Dipolar Chromophores Using Dendronized Sulfonates.
Authors: Kim Mi Rae , Maheswara Muchchintala , Do Jung Yun
Published: May 2011

Hydrophilic chromophores are synthesized by introduction of dendritic sulfonate anions using click chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylation of [6,6]‐Spiroacetal Enol Ethers: Reactivity and Rearrangement.
Authors: Aumann Kylee M. , Healy Peter C. , Coster Mark J.
Published: May 2011

The Pd‐catalyzed arylation of methyl derivative (I) gives the double‐Heck product (III), whereas reaction with benzenesulfinic acid (IV) results in rearrangement to produce chroman structures (V) and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Photochemical Wittig Reaction for the Synthesis of 2‐Aryl/Alkylbenzofurans.
Authors: Ghosh Somnath , Das Jhantu
Published: May 2011

In general, the intramolecular Wittig reaction of phosphonium salts (I) gives better yields under photochemical conditions than under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Palladium‐Free Synthesis of a Key Quinazolinap Precursor.
Authors: Milhau Ludovic , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: May 2011

Friedel—Crafts‐type reactions of 2‐naphthol with 4‐chloroquinazolines allow the synthesis of key‐precursors of quinazolinap ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl Stannanes from Silyl Triflates via Aryne Intermediates.
Authors: Lakshmi B. Vasantha , Wefelscheid Ulrike K. , Kazmaier Uli
Published: May 2011

Treatment of silyl triflates with KF in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 generates aryne intermediates which undergo hydrostannation to give a mixture of regioisomeric aryl stannanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Salviskinone A, a Diterpene with a New Skeleton from Salvia przewalskii.
Authors: Ohsaki Ayumi , Kawamata Shunsuke , Ozawa Masaaki , Kishida Akio , Gong Xun , Kuroda Chiaki
Published: May 2011

The biogenetic comparison leads to the assumption that title compound (I) has (R)‐configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of trans‐S‐1‐Propenyl‐L‐Cysteine Sulfoxide (VI) (Isoalliin) in Onions (Allium cepa).
Authors: Lee Sangku , Kim Jae Nyoung , Choung Dong‐Ho , Lee Hyeong Kyu
Published: May 2011

A facile three‐step synthesis of the unusual, natural amino acid (VI), present in onions, starting from commercially available bromopropene (I) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Palmarumycins BG1—BG7 and Preussomerin BG1: Establishment of Their Absolute Configurations Using Theoretical Calculations of Electronic Circular Dichroism Spectra.
Authors: Cai You‐Sheng , Kurtan Tibor , Miao Ze‐Hong , Mandi Attila , Komaromi Istvan , Liu Hai‐Li , Ding Jian , Guo Yue‐Wei Guo Yue‐Wei
Published: May 2011

The new title compounds are isolated from Bruguiera gymnorrhiza.
ChemInform Abstract: From Magnesium Based Intermetallics to Metal Hydrides: Structures, Properties and Reaction Pathways
Authors: Kohlmann Holger
Published: May 2011

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Volatile Technetium Carbonyl Compounds: Vaporization and Thermal Decomposition
Authors: Sidorenko G. V.
Published: May 2011

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Activation and Decomposition of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Containing Complexes
Authors: Praetorius Jeremy M. , Crudden Cathleen M.
Published: May 2011

Review: 227 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Valent Iron and Manganese Complexes of Corrole and Porphyrin in Atom Transfer and Dioxygen Evolving Catalysis
Authors: Abu‐Omar Mahdi M.
Published: May 2011

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalysis and Fluorine
Authors: Hopkinson Matthew N. , Gee Antony D. , Gouverneur Veronique
Published: May 2011

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Air‐Stable Bifunctional HASPO Preligands for Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings and Direct C—H Bond Arylations
Authors: Ackermann Lutz
Published: May 2011

Review: 151 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytochromes P450 as Useful Biocatalysts: Addressing the Limitations
Authors: O'Reilly Elaine , Koehler Valentin , Flitsch Sabine L. , Turner Nicholas J.
Published: May 2011

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Advanced Hybrid Organic—Inorganic Nanomaterials: From Laboratory to Market
Authors: Sanchez Clement , Belleville Philippe , Popall Michael , Nicole Lionel
Published: May 2011

Review: 526 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Diatoms to Silica‐Based Biohybrids
Authors: Nassif Nadine , Livage Jacques
Published: May 2011

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Oxo‐Clusters: Precursors for a Lego‐Like Construction of Nanostructured Hybrid Materials
Authors: Rozes Laurence , Sanchez Clement
Published: May 2011

Review: 137 refs.
Criteria for Assessment of Risks of Technical Installations – Comments of TÜV to the Correspondent Research Project
Authors: Dahms Sabine , Kügel Paul , Beck Klaus
Published: May 2011

Um technische Anlagen vorausschauend bewerten und eine Aussage darüber treffen zu können, ob aufgrund ihres Gefahrenpotenzials besondere Prüfungen zum Schutz von Beschäftigten und Dritten erforderlich sind, wurde das Forschungsvorhaben Kriterien für die Beurteilung von Gefährdungen durch technische Anlagen durchgeführt. Dabei wurde untersucht, inwieweit die Wirkung von potenziell gefährlichen Anlagen über die unmittelbare Umgebung hinaus reichen kann und Prüfungen durch ihre Qualität und Häufigkeit die Sicherheit technischer Anlagen beeinflussen. Hierdurch soll festgestellt werden, welche technischen Anlagen so gefährlich sind, dass sie einer zusätzlichen Überwachung durch Drittstellen bedürfen und welche Schutzmaßnahmen im Umgang mit diesen Anlagen gesetzlich zu regeln sind.
Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Ashkenazi Jewish families with breast and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Stadler Zsofia K. , Salo‐Mullen Erin , Patil Sujata M. , Pietanza M. Catherine , Vijai Joseph , Saloustros Emmanouil , Hansen Nichole A. L. , Kauff Noah D. , Kurtz Robert C. , Kelsen David P. , Offit Kenneth , Robson Mark E.
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND:

Germline mutations in the BRCA2 cancer susceptibility gene are associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (PC). Breast‐pancreas cancer families with BRCA1 mutations have also been observed. The influence of a family history (FH) of PC on BRCA mutation prevalence in patients with breast cancer (BC) is unknown.

METHODS:

A clinical database review (2000‐2009) identified 211 Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) BC probands who 1) underwent BRCA1/2 mutation analysis by full gene sequencing or directed testing for Ashkenazi founder mutations (BRCA1: 185delAG and 5382insC; BRCA2: 6174delT) and 2) had a FH of PC in a first‐, second‐, or third‐degree relative. For each proband, the pretest probability of identifying a BRCA1/2 mutation was estimated using the Myriad II model. The observed‐to‐expected (O:E) mutation prevalence was calculated for the entire group.

RESULTS:

Of the 211 AJ BC probands with a FH of PC, 30 (14.2%) harbored a BRCA mutation. Fourteen (47%) of the mutations were in BRCA1 and 16 (53%) were in BRCA2. Patients diagnosed with BC at age ≤ 50 years were found to have a higher BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence than probands with BC who were diagnosed at age > 50 years (21.1% vs 6.9%; P = .003). In patients with a first‐, second‐, or third‐degree relative with PC, mutation prevalences were 15.4%, 15.3%, and 8.6%, respectively (P = .58). In the overall group, the observed BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence was 14.2% versus an expected prevalence of 11.8% (O:E ratio, 1.21; P = .15).

CONCLUSIONS:

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are observed with nearly equal distribution in AJ breast‐pancreas cancer families, suggesting that both genes are associated with PC risk. In this population, a FH of PC was found to have a limited effect on mutation prevalence. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Assessing Risk and Prioritizing Referral for Self‐Harm: When and Why is my Judgement Different from Yours?
Authors: Cahill Shanna , Rakow Tim
Published: May 2011

This study investigated individual differences in the use of risk factors when making risk assessments for self‐harm. Clinical judgement analysis using 35 hypothetical case scenarios was used to determine how case characteristics influence risk assessment for self‐harm by mental health professionals. Seven practitioners made four risk/priority assessment judgements for each case, and individual models of judgement for risk and priority were constructed by regressing 10 case variables onto these sets of judgements. All but two of the variables (potential risk factors) examined were related to risk and/or priority judgements. Risk assessors applied cues to make assessments consistently—broadly consistent with practice guidelines—although precise cue application varied between professionals. The findings demonstrate the potential for ambiguity in risk assessment (terms such as ‘low’ or ‘high’ risk had variable interpretation) and that it can be important to specify whether risk is to be assessed for the initiation, continuation, re‐occurrence, or escalation of an event or condition. The study shows the importance of clear practice guidelines (not all risk factors were used as might be anticipated from practice guidelines) and illustrates how clinical judgement analysis can be used to understand and enhance the reliability of professional judgement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

The process by which risk assessment is undertaken can be reliably statistically modelled to allow an in‐depth examination of an individual practitioner or comparisons between practitioners, which can be used to support efforts to improve assessment reliability.

Senior practitioners may be more consistent in applying information to clinical judgements of self‐harm.

Apparent agreement over a categorical judgement of risk may mask an underlying disagreement over numerical probabilities. The term ‘low risk’ may be particularly subject to variability in its interpretation.

The term ‘risk’ can be ambiguous, reflecting the probability of occurrence for some practitioners and the severity of its occurrence for others, a problem that may be compounded if it is unclear exactly which event is being assessed (e.g., risk of initiating the behaviour versus risk of re‐occurrence).
Real‐Time Monitoring of Hydrogen Peroxide Consumption in an Oxidation Reaction in Molecular Solvent and Ionic Liquids by a Hydrogen Peroxide Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Sordi Daniela , Arduini Fabiana , Conte Valeria , Moscone Danila , Palleschi Giuseppe
Published: May 2011

An efficient electrochemical protocol to monitor hydrogen peroxide consumption during metal‐catalyzed oxidation by using screen‐printed electrodes modified with Prussian blue is presented. In particular, cyclooctene oxidation to cyclooctene oxide, catalyzed by a vanadium(V)–salophen complex (H2salophen=N,N′‐o‐phenylenebis(salicylideneimine)), in molecular and ionic media was tested. Initially, a protocol for batch analysis was developed for a monophasic system in acetonitrile, and subsequently, an in situ protocol was developed for a biphasic system of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate/phosphate buffer. Calibration curves were performed in amperometric mode by applying −50 mV versus an Ag pseudo‐reference. The calibration curve of hydrogen peroxide showed a linear correlation from 1×10−6 up to 5×10−3 mol L−1 with satisfactory inter‐ and intra‐electrode reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 5 and 13 %, respectively, for the monophasic system and 11 and 13 %, respectively, for the biphasic system). Kinetic studies to investigate the oxidation reaction for both the mono‐ and biphasic systems have been carried out in amperometric mode as well. Firstly, the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was examined, which showed that, in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, it completely decomposed in 300 min, whereas in acetonitrile, in the same time frame, 20 % of the initial amount was still active. In the presence of 1 % of the catalyst the decomposition rate increased in both solvents. Finally, the complete oxidation of cyclooctene was followed and the effective conversion was determined. The developed protocols showed high reproducibility, with the advantage that the environmentally friendly biphasic system could also be recycled. The good analytical performance obtained, coupled with a short analysis time, the possibility of in‐line automation and the use of ionic liquids instead of molecular solvents, made this system a very attractive choice for monitoring oxidative reactions.
Warmth from skin‐to‐skin contact with mother is essential for the acquisition of filial huddling preference in preweanling rats
Authors: Kojima Sayuri , Alberts Jeffrey R.
Published: May 2011

During a single, 2‐hr session with a scented foster dam, preweanling rat pups form an affiliative attraction to an odor associated with the maternal caregiver, manifest as a huddling preference. To identify maternal stimuli that induce this filial preference, we quantitatively examined behavioral interactions during odor conditioning. Bout duration of skin‐to‐skin (STS) contact was positively associated with the preference. In contrast, simple physical contact and anogenital licking were not significantly related to the preference. The frequency of nonanogenital licking was negatively associated with the preference as well as with bout duration of STS contact. When odor conditioning was conducted with a warm cylinder, ambient warmth, or stroking as the unconditioned stimulus, only pups exposed to the warm cylinder exhibited a preference for the conditioned odor. These results suggest a positive, affiliative effect of maternal STS contact on pup filial preference, which may be disrupted by maternal licking. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:813–827, 2011.
Organizational effects of oxytocin on serotonin innervation
Authors: Eaton Jennifer L. , Roache Laura , Nguyen Khanhbao N. , Cushing Bruce S. , Troyer Emma , Papademetriou Eros , Raghanti Mary Ann
Published: May 2011

Oxytocin (OT) has an organizational effect within the central nervous system and can have long‐lasting effects on the expression of social behavior. OT has recently been implicated in modulating the release of serotonin through activation of receptors in the raphe nuclei. Here we test the hypothesis that OT can have an organizational effect on the serotonergic system. Male prairie voles received an intraperitoneal injection on postnatal day 1 with 3.0 or .3 µg OT, an OT antagonist, or a saline control. Brains were collected on day 21 and immunostained for serotonin. Serotonin axons were quantified in the anterior hypothalamus, cortical amygdala, medial amygdala, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and ventromedial hypothalamus. Males treated with 3.0 µg OT displayed significantly higher serotonin axon length densities in the anterior hypothalamus, cortical amygdala, and the ventromedial hypothalamus than control males. These results support the hypothesis that OT has an organizational effect on the serotonin system during the neonatal period, and that these effects are site‐specific. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54:92–97, 2012.
Activation and deactivation in response to visual stimulation in the occipital cortex of 6‐month‐old human infants
Authors: Watanabe Hama , Homae Fumitaka , Taga Gentaro
Published: May 2011

In an infant's developing cortex, the explanation for the mechanisms underlying the activations and deactivations in response to visual stimuli remains controversial. While previous near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) studies in awake infants have demonstrated cortical activations in response to meaningful/attractive visual stimuli, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies performed on sleeping infants showed negative blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) responses to high‐luminance unpatterned stimulations, such as a photic stimulation. To examine the effect of the characteristics of visual stimuli on cortical processing in awake infants, we measured cortical hemodynamic responses in 6‐month‐old infants during the presentation of a high‐luminance unpatterned stimulus by using a NIRS system with 94 measurement channels. Results from 35 infants showed dissociated cortical responses between the occipital region and the other parts of the cortex, including the temporal and prefrontal regions. Although the visual stimulus produced sustained increases in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy‐Hb) signals in the temporal and prefrontal regions, it produced a transient increase in oxy‐Hb signals followed by a salient decrease in oxy‐Hb signals during a trial in a focal region of the occipital visual region. This suggests that the deactivation of the occipital visual region in response to visual stimulation is not a phenomenon that occurs only in the sleeping state, but that a high‐luminance unpatterned stimulus can induce deactivation even in the awake infants. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54:1–15, 2012.
Adult neurogenesis and brain regeneration in zebrafish
Authors: Kizil Caghan , Kaslin Jan , Kroehne Volker , Brand Michael
Published: May 2011

Adult neurogenesis is a widespread trait of vertebrates; however, the degree of this ability and the underlying activity of the adult neural stem cells differ vastly among species. In contrast to mammals that have limited neurogenesis in their adult brains, zebrafish can constitutively produce new neurons along the whole rostrocaudal brain axis throughout its life. This feature of adult zebrafish brain relies on the presence of stem/progenitor cells that continuously proliferate, and the permissive environment of zebrafish brain for neurogenesis. Zebrafish has also an extensive regenerative capacity, which manifests itself in responding to central nervous system injuries by producing new neurons to replenish the lost ones. This ability makes zebrafish a useful model organism for understanding the stem cell activity in the brain, and the molecular programs required for central nervous system regeneration. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the stem cell niches, the characteristics of the stem/progenitor cells, how they are regulated and their involvement in the regeneration response of the adult zebrafish brain. We will also emphasize the open questions that may help guide the future research. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 429–461, 2012
Reserve pool neuron transmitter respecification: Novel neuroplasticity
Authors: Dulcis Davide , Spitzer Nicholas C.
Published: May 2011

The identity of the neurotransmitters expressed by neurons has been thought to be fixed and immutable, but recent studies demonstrate that changes in electrical activity can rapidly and reversibly reconfigure the transmitters and corresponding transmitter receptors that neurons express. Induction of transmitter expression can be achieved by selective activation of afferents recruited by a physiological range of sensory input. Strikingly, neurons acquiring an additional transmitter project to appropriate targets prior to transmitter respecification in some cases, indicating the presence of reserve pools of neurons that can boost circuit function. We discuss the evidence for such reserve pools, their likely locations and ways to test for their existence, and the potential clinical value of such circuit‐specific neurotransmitter respecification for treatments of neurological disorders. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 465–474, 2012
Cerebrospinal fluid control of neurogenesis induced by retinoic acid during early brain development
Authors: Alonso M. I. , Martín C. , Carnicero E. , Bueno D. , Gato A.
Published: May 2011

Embryonic‐cerebrospinal fluid (E‐CSF) plays crucial roles in early brain development including the control of neurogenesis. Although FGF2 and lipoproteins present in the E‐CSF have previously been shown to be involved in neurogenesis, the main factor triggering this process remains unknown. E‐CSF contains all‐trans‐retinol and retinol‐binding protein involved in the synthesis of retinoic acid (RA), a neurogenesis inducer. In early chick embryo brain, only the mesencephalic‐rombencephalic isthmus (IsO) is able to synthesize RA. Here we show that in chick embryo brain development: (1) E‐CSF helps to control RA synthesis in the IsO by means of the RBP and all‐trans‐retinol it contains; (2) E‐CSF has retinoic acid activity, which suggests it may act as a diffusion pathway for RA; and (3) the influence of E‐CSF on embryonic brain neurogenesis is to a large extent due to its involvement in RA synthesis. These data help to understand neurogenesis from neural progenitor cells. Developmental Dynamics 240:1650–1659, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural crest cells retain their capability for multipotential differentiation even after lineage‐restricted stages
Authors: Motohashi Tsutomu , Yamanaka Katsumasa , Chiba Kairi , Miyajima Kentaro , Aoki Hitomi , Hirobe Tomohisa , Kunisada Takahiro
Published: May 2011

Multipotency of neural crest cells (NC cells) is thought to be a transient phase at the early stage of their generation; after NC cells emerge from the neural tube, they are specified into the lineage‐restricted precursors. We analyzed the differentiation of early‐stage NC‐like cells derived from Sox10‐IRES‐Venus ES cells, where the expression of Sox10 can be visualized with a fluorescent protein. Unexpectedly, both the Sox10+/Kit− cells and the Sox10+/Kit+ cells, which were restricted in vivo to the neuron (N)‐glial cell (G) lineage and melanocyte (M) lineage, respectively, generated N, G, and M, showing that they retain multipotency. We generated mice from the Sox10‐IRES‐Venus ES cells and analyzed the differentiation of their NC cells. Both the Sox10+/Kit− cells and Sox10+/Kit+ cells isolated from these mice formed colonies containing N, G, and M, showing that they are also multipotent. These findings suggest that NC cells retain multipotency even after the initial lineage‐restricted stages. Developmental Dynamics 240:1681–1693, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of Single‐Crystalline MnFe2O4 Ferrite Nanocrystals and Their Possible Application in Water Treatment
Authors: Wang YingQi , Cheng RongMin , Wen Zi , Zhao LiJun
Published: May 2011

Manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanospheres and nano‐octahedra with a narrow size distribution were synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. Here, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was used as reactant and oxidant for the synthesis of MnFe2O4 ferrite nanocrystals. With the use of hydrazine hydrate, the oxidation rate of ferrous ions was kept under control, and the particle size of MnFe2O4 was limited. The results of control experiments reveal that alkalinity and type of solvent are important factors affecting the morphology and crystallization of MnFe2O4 nanocrystals. Both of the as‐prepared samples exhibit ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. Especially, the saturation magnetization of MnFe2O4 nanospheres with 50 nm diameter is 79 emu/g, which is among the best values reported so far. The nanoparticles also showed good performance in removal of pollutants like Congo red, CrVI, and PbII from water by adsorption, even at neutral pH.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Octahedral Coordination Complexes
Authors: Meggers Eric
Published: May 2011

In contrast to stereoselective organic chemistry, which has established sophisticated synthetic strategies to control the relative and absolute configuration at tetrahedral carbon atoms, the stereochemical control of octahedral coordination spheres is much less understood. This microreview reflects on the state of the art of asymmetric coordination chemistry of octahedral complexes within the historical context, including asymmetric coordination chemistry evolved by nature, the predetermination of metal‐centered chirality with tailored chiral ligands, chiral‐anion‐mediated asymmetric synthesis, chiral‐auxiliary‐mediated asymmetric coordination chemistry, and finally, very recent work on the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of an octahedral coordination complex. The stereocontrolled synthesis of octahedral metal complexes is an important problem of contemporary coordination chemistry and will ultimately provide the necessary synthetic tools to fully exploit the opportunities provided by the rich stereochemistry of octahedral coordination geometries.
Mechanistic Insights into the Palladium‐Catalysed Asymmetric Phosphination of Cyclohexenyl Triflate (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 16/2011)
Authors: Julienne Delphine , Delacroix Olivier , Lohier Jean‐François , de Oliveira‐Santos Jana Sopkova , Gaumont Annie‐Claude
Published: May 2011

The cover picture shows the catalytic cycle of the Pd‐catalysed asymmetric phosphination involving an achiral alkenyl triflate and a racemic boron phosphide. A mechanistic study illustrated by the gears in the background allowed us to identify each main intermediate of this catalytic cycle. To proceed, tools such as 31P NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography were used. Details are discussed in the article by A.‐C. Gaumont et al. on p. 2489 ff.
A Flexible Approach to 6,5‐Benzannulated Spiroketals
Authors: Wilson Zoe E. , Hubert Jonathan G. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: May 2011

A novel route to simple 6,5‐benzannulated spiroketal analogues has been developed. A convergent Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination enabled ready assembly of the spiroketal precursors. Use of a benzyl protecting group strategy enabled an efficient one‐pot hydrogenation/deprotection/spiroketalisation process to be employed providing a robust method to access a range of substituted aromatic monobenzannulated spiroketals.
A Synthetic Route to α‐Substituted Butenolides: Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)‐Ancepsenolide
Authors: Ghobril Cynthia , Kister Jérémy , Baati Rachid
Published: May 2011

A variety of α‐substituted butenolides was efficiently synthesized starting from commercially available tetronic acid and carboxylic acids in four steps. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated in the short synthesis of one of the first butenolide acetogenins: (+)‐ancepsenolide.
A Facile Electrochemical Immunosensor with Mesoporous Alumina for Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Authors: Dai Yuxue , Li He , Wu Dan , Li Ru , Zhao Yanfang , Liu Bao , Cai Yanyan , Yang Minghui , Du Bin , Wei Qin
Published: May 2011

A label‐free electrochemical immunosensor for the sensitive determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was fabricated by immobilizing anti‐CEA onto mesoporous alumina (meso‐Al2O3) dispersed in chitosan (0.5 %wt) by the cross‐linking method using glutaraldehyde. Due to its plenty of active sites, meso‐Al2O3 showed high catalysis towards hydroquinone. With the electrocatalytic ability of meso‐Al2O3 for the reduction of hydroquinone, the current signal of the antigen‐antibody reaction was amplified and the enhanced sensitivity was achieved. The current decreased linearly with CEA concentration in the range of 0.04 to 10 ng/mL (26 pg/mL, S/N=3). The immunosensor had good selectivity and wonderful stability. Furthermore it was applied to the analysis of CEA in serum sample with satisfactory results.
Development and Evaluation of a Nanoporous Iron (Hydr)oxide Electrode for Phosphate Sensing
Authors: Moss Rachel E. , Jackowski Jennifer J. , de Souza Castilho Michelle , Anderson Marc A.
Published: May 2011

Nanoporous iron (hydr)oxide electrodes are evaluated as phosphate sensors using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The intensity of the reduction peak current (Icp) of the ferrihydrite working electrode is tied to phosphate concentration at low pH; however, a hematite electrode combined with the use of EIS provided reliable sensing data at multiple pH values. Nanoporous hematite working electrodes produced an impedance phase component (θ) that shifts with increasing phosphate, and, at chosen frequencies, θ values were fitted for the range 1 nM to 0.1 mM phosphate at pH 4 and pH 7 in 5 mM NaClO4.
Controlled struvite precipitation from belt press filtrate of anaerobic digester in a CSTR
Authors: Lew Beni , Phalah Somaya , Rebhum Menachem
Published: May 2011

Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is known to precipitate and clog pipes and pumps, causing operational difficulties and expenses downstream of the anaerobic digester in wastewater treatment plants around the world. This work focused on determining the most appropriate reactor operational conditions (focus on hydraulic retention time and aeration rate) required for attaining the most homogeneous controlled struvite precipitation in order to reduce pipes and pumps clogging downstream of the digester. To this end a continuous laboratory‐scale completely stirred tank reactor aerated (for CO2 stripping) reactor was operated at different hydraulic retention times and aeration rates and precipitate composition was determined. A minimum pH of 8.0 was calculated and experimental observed as necessary to attain struvite precipitation to its maximum potential to prevent clogging. To reach this pH value a minimum HRT of 0.5 hours with aeration flow rate of 11.2 m3/h/m3 and/or 15‐min HRT with an air flow of 46.7 m3/h/m3 was necessary for the reactor studied. Struvite precipitation kinetics was observed to be much faster than other minerals that can precipitate and a decrease in HRT promoted a precipitate richer in struvite. However, for all HRT and air flows studied the precipitate obtained can be considered to be poor in struvite and can hardly be reused in agriculture. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Multiwavelet transform based classification of PQ events
Authors: Kapoor Rajiv , Saini Manish Kumar
Published: May 2011

Wavelets have been used extensively in the recent past. The work presented uses multiwavelet because of its inherent property to resolve the signal better than all single wavelets. Multiwavelets are based on more than one scaling function. The resolution is better compared to Daubechies (D4) and hence the event can be detected from lesser number of samples as compared to Daubechies (D4). The proposed methodology utilizes an enhanced resolving capability of multiwavelet to recognize power system disturbances. Dempster–Shafer (DS), an intelligent classifier, has been implemented and tested for various PQ events. Two sub‐classifiers, heuristic classifier and statistical classifier (χ2 distribution), have been used to support and strengthen the structural identification and temporal distribution factor of DS classifier. Results on various PQ events, such as voltage sag, voltage swell, outage, interruption, impulsive‐transient (IT), oscillatory‐transient (OT), noise, and notching, show that multiwavelets can detect and classify different PQ events efficiently and consistently. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra high‐voltage gas‐insulated switchgear – a technology milestone
Authors: Riechert Uwe , Holaus Walter
Published: May 2011

China is in urgent need of electrical power. Huge power plants are built all over the country and the enormous flow of electrical power to the large megacities has to cross several thousand kilometres from the source to the end user. At those dimensions, losses of the power lines can be significant. The State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) is thus aiming for 1100 kV as the voltage level for AC transmission to keep losses as low as possible, a step into a new area of electrical grids. Asea Brown Boveri (ABB), together with its partners and suppliers, has developed the heart of such a system – a gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) design – that could pass all the tests with this groundbreaking technology. Many years of experience at voltage levels of up to 800 kV are available as the basis for developing GIS for 1100 kV. Nevertheless, the individual components such as circuit‐breakers (CB) and disconnectors differ greatly from the known designs. As regards the CB, for instance, it emerges that a design with the closing resistor in a parallel tank is advantageous. The very fast transient overvoltages become more important for the disconnector design. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A least‐square weighted residual method for level set formulation
Authors: Choi Hyoung Gwon
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a least‐square weighted residual method (LSWRM) for level set (LS) formulation is introduced to achieve interface capturing in two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) problems. An LSWRM was adopted for two semi‐discretized advection and reinitialization equations of the LS formulation. The present LSWRM provided good mathematical properties such as natural numerical diffusion and the symmetry of the resulting algebraic systems for the advection and reinitialization equations. The proposed method was validated by solving some 2D and 3D benchmark problems such as those involving a rotating slotted disk, the rotation of a slotted sphere, and a time‐reversed single‐vortex flow and a deformation problem of a spherical fluid. The numerical results were compared with those obtained from essentially non‐oscillatory type formulations and particle LS methods. Further, the proposed LSWRM for the LS formulation was coupled with a splitting finite element method code to solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, and then, the collapse of a 3D broken dam flow was well simulated; in the simulation, the entrapping of air and the splashing of the surge front of water were reproduced. The mass conservation of the present method was found to be satisfactory during the entire simulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A consistent and fast weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics with a new wall boundary condition
Authors: Fatehi R. , Manzari M. T.
Published: May 2011

A modified weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (WCSPH) is presented, which utilizes consistent discretization schemes for spatial derivatives in the flow equations. Here, each SPH particle is considered as a computational point that represents a specific part of the fluid. To overcome non‐physical oscillations that usually arise in standard WCSPH, we modified the mass conservation equation by using a numerical filter. This modification is based on the difference between two discretization schemes used for the term . Furthermore, a new implementation of wall boundary condition in SPH is introduced. This condition is imposed on the pressure of wall boundary particles to ensure that the acceleration of each boundary particle in normal direction to the wall is zero. Thus, no penetration through walls will occur. To examine the performance of the modified method, we solved a series of two‐dimensional incompressible internal flow benchmark problems. By comparing the result with analytical solutions and the results of the standard WCSPH, we show that the use of consistent schemes in conjunction with the proposed numerical filter improves both accuracy and speed of the numerical method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New insights into “GPR40‐CREB interaction inadult neurogenesis” specific for primates
Authors: Boneva Nadezhda B. , Yamashima Tetsumori
Published: May 2011

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acids (ARA) are known to be closely related to the brain development and also have beneficial effects on adult neurogenesis, learning, and mental disorders. Although PUFA were demonstrated as ligands for G protein‐coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), their signaling mechanism in the brain, especially in the neurogenic niche, remains unknown. Using a monkey model of ischemia‐enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis, we studied the spatial correlation between GPR40 and the phosphorylated cAMP response element‐binding protein (pCREB), a transcription factor involved in adult neurogenesis, learning and memory. Furthermore, the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), both being downstream gene transcripts of pCREB, were studied. Similar to the dynamic change of GPR40 as the authors reported previously, pCREB was up‐regulated significantly after transient global brain ischemia on Western blots, and this was associated with an enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis. Immunofluorescence microscopic analysis showed that GPR40 and pCREB expression patterns were completely identical, and they were coexpressed in both mature and newborn neurons as well as in the astrocytes residing in the subgranular zone (SGZ). GPR40/pCREB double‐positive cells significantly increased in the SGZ on day 15 after ischemia. The mature form of BDNF (mBDNF) and TrkB receptor showed no remarkable changes on Western blots, although proBDNF (precursor of mBDNF) was maximal on day 9. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the newborn neurons expressed BDNF, but not TrkB. These results altogether suggest that PUFA, GPR40, pCREB, and BDNF may be engaged in the same signaling pathway to promote neurogenesis in the adult primate hippocampus. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysing the Variability of Rainfall for Drought Progonosis in Jharkhand State: A Statistical Approach
Authors: Pandey Swati , Kumar Manoj , Chakraborty Soubhik , Mahanti N. C.
Published: May 2011

Agriculture in the state of Jharkhand depends on the southwest monsoon which brings about 80% of the mean annual precipitation. The high variability in rainfall generally leads to meteorological drought conditions, demanding a large time domain analysis of rainfall behaviour. In the present paper, daily rainfall data for 49 years (1956–2006) of Ranchi District, Jharkhand state of India, were analyzed for the probability and variability of rainfall. The monsoon weeks, i.e. the 21st to the 41st, were considered and it was found that the rainfall distribution can be modeled by a negative binomial distribution. Additionally, by denoting a wet week by W and a dry week by D, the unconditional probability P(W) and the conditional probabilities P(W/W) and P(W/D) for these weeks were evaluated using a first‐order Markov chain at three probability levels (30, 50 and 70 mm). The results were checked against a uniform model with the help of the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test and it was found that in most cases they supported the uniform distribution assumption. Lower probability (less than 0.50) of getting 70 mm of rainfall under any probability conditions during the 27th to 38th weeks indicated the proneness of the region to drought during the crop growth and maturity stage under condition of initial rainfall failure during the crop sowing stage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thyroid hormone receptor β mediates thyroid hormone effects on bone remodeling and bone mass
Authors: Monfoulet Laurent-Emmanuel , Rabier Bénédicte , Dacquin Romain , Anginot Adrienne , Photsavang Johan , Jurdic Pierre , Vico Laurence , Malaval Luc , Chassande Olivier
Published: May 2011

Excess thyroid hormone (TH) in adults causes osteoporosis and increases fracture risk. However, the mechanisms by which TH affects bone turnover are not elucidated. In particular, the roles of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isotypes in the mediation of TH effects on osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption are not established. In this study we have induced experimental hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in adult wild-type, TRα- or TRβ-deficient mice and analyzed the effects of TH status on the structure and remodeling parameters of trabecular bone. In wild-type mice, excess TH decreased bone volume and mineralization. High TH concentrations were associated with a high bone-resorption activity, assessed by increased osteoclast surfaces and elevated concentrations of serum bone-resorption markers. Serum markers of bone formation also were higher in TH-treated mice. TRα deficiency did not prevent TH action on bone volume, bone mineralization, bone formation, or bone resorption. In contrast, TRβ deficiency blocked all the early effects of excess TH observed in wild-type mice. However, prolonged exposure to low or high TH concentrations of TRβ-deficient mice induced mild modifications of bone structure and remodeling parameters. Together our data suggest that TRβ receptors mediate the acute effects produced by transient changes of TH concentrations on bone remodeling, whereas TRα receptors mediate long-term effects of chronic alterations of TH metabolism. These data shed new light on the respective roles of TRs in the control of bone metabolism by TH. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
EBP50 is involved in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration and cytokinesis
Authors: Baeyens Nicolas , de Meester Carole , Yerna Xavier , Morel Nicole
Published: May 2011

Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50) is a scaffold protein that possesses two PDZ interacting domains. We have shown that, in isolated artery stimulated with noradrenaline, EBP50 interacts with several elements of the cytoskeleton. However, the contribution of EBP50 to the organization of the cytoskeleton is unknown. We have used primary cultured vascular smooth muscle cells to investigate the involvement of EBP50 in the regulation of cell architecture, motility and cell cycle, and to identify its target proteins and subsequent action mechanism. The results showed that depletion of EBP50 by siRNA transfection induced changes in cell architecture and increased cell migration. The same phenotype was induced by inhibition of myosin IIa and this effect was not additive in cells depleted for EBP50. Moreover, a larger proportion of binucleated cells was observed after EBP50 depletion, indicating a defect in cytokinesis. The identification, after co‐immunoprecipitation, of a direct interaction of EBP50 with both tubulin and myosin IIa suggested that EBP50 could regulate cell migration and cytokinesis by linking myosin IIa fibers and microtubule network. Indeed, depletion of EBP50 also dismantled myosin IIa fibers and induced the formation of stable microtubules in lamellae expansions and Rac1 activation. This signaling cascade leads to the formation of lamellipodia, trailing tails and decrease of focal adhesion formation, triggering cell migration. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2574–2584, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The structure, properties, and nature of HArF‐HOX (X = F, Cl, Br) complex: An ab initio study and an unusual short hydrogen bond
Authors: Li Qing‐Zhong , Zhao Jun‐Ling , Jing Bo , Li Ran , Li Wen‐Zuo , Cheng Jian‐Bo
Published: May 2011

The structure and properties (geometric, energetic, electronic, spectroscopic, and thermodynamic properties) of HArF‐HOX (X = F, Cl, Br) complex have been investigated at the MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level. Three types of complexes are formed through a hydrogen bond or a halogen bond. The HArF‐HOX complex is the most stable, followed by the FArH‐OHX complex, and the HArF‐XOH complex is the most unstable. The binding distance in FArH‐OHX complex is very short (1.1–1.7 Å) and is smaller than that in HArF‐HOX complex. However, the interaction strength in the former is weaker than that in the latter. Thus, an unusual short hydrogen bond is present in FArH‐OHX complex. The associated H‐Ar bond exhibits a red shift, whereas the distant one gives a blue shift. A similar result is also found for the OH and OX bonds. The isotropic chemical shift is negative for the associated hydrogen atom but is positive for the associated halogen atom. However, a reverse result is found for the anisotropic chemical shift. The analyses of natural bond orbital and atoms in molecules have been performed for these complexes to understand the nature and properties of hydrogen and halogen bonds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
An expeditious one‐pot synthesis of substituted phenylazetidin‐2‐ones in the presence of zeolite
Authors: Pagadala Ramakanth , Meshram Jyotsna S. , Chopde Himani N. , Jetti Venkateshwarlu , Udayini V.
Published: May 2011

In this study, one‐pot rapid and efficient series of phenylazetidin‐2‐ones were synthesized from N,N‐dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, different substituted aromatic amines and phenylacetyl chloride in the presence of zeolite catalyst under microwave irradiation. We also reported schiff bases (1a–j) by classical and conventional microwave technique. The titled compounds are evaluated for their antimicrobial properties. The activities are due to CO, CN, linkages in 2‐azetidinones. All the compounds have shown comparable antibacterial activities. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
One‐step ring‐closure procedure for 4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazino[5,4‐b]indole derivatives with Lawesson's reagent. The fifth dihydro‐1,3‐thiazino[b]indole isomer
Authors: Csomós Péter , Fodor Lajos , Bernáth Gábor , Csámpai Antal , Sohár Pál
Published: May 2011

We report a convenient approach for the synthesis of a new ring system: 4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazino[5,4‐b]indoles. The procedure involves the use of Lawesson's reagent in the presence of silica to achieve the one‐step ring‐closure reactions of 2‐benzoylamino‐3‐hydroxymethylindole intermediates to furnish 4,5‐dihydro‐2‐aryl‐1,3‐thiazino[5,4‐b]indoles. 2‐Phenylimino‐1,3‐thiazino[5,4‐b]indoles were obtained via the corresponding 3‐phenylthiourea‐2‐carboxylic acid ester derivatives by chemoselective reduction of the ester group, followed by ring closure under acidic conditions. The structures of the novel products were elucidated by IR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, including 2D‐HMQC, 2D‐HMBC, and DEPT measurements. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Regioselective synthesis and characterization of new 3‐aryl‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3–a]pyrimidines
Authors: Zanatta Nilo , Amaral Simone S. , dos Santos Josiane M. , Fernandes Liana da S. , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P.
Published: May 2011

The regioselective synthesis and characterization of a new series of 3‐aryl‐7‐trifluoromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3–a]pyrimidines from the oxidative heterocyclization of 2‐(N′‐benzylidenehydrazino)‐4‐trifluoromethylpyrimidines with copper dichloride is described. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
One‐pot‐one‐step, microwave‐assisted Fischer indole synthesis
Authors: Creencia Evelyn Cuevas , Tsukamoto Masayuki , Horaguchi Takaaki
Published: May 2011

The Fischer indole synthesis was carried out using microwaves instead of conventional heating procedures. When the mixture of phenylhydrazine, cyclohexanone and zinc chloride was irradiated at 600 W for 3 min, 76% of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrocarbazole was obtained. However, when zinc chloride was replaced with p‐toluenesulfonic acid (p‐TSA), the reaction yielded 91% of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrocarbazole. Thus, a series of indoles were prepared using microwaves in the presence of p‐TSA catalyst. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).