bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with sedentary behavior among ELSA-Brasil participants: ecological model
Authors: Pitanga Francisco José Gondim , Matos Sheila Maria Alvim , Almeida Maria da Conceição , Griep Rosane Härter , Viana Maria Carmem , Melo Enirtes Caetano Prates , Aquino Estela
Published: August 2018

The main objective was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with sedentary behavior (SB). The study comprising a total of 13,765 individuals of both sexes participating in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) assessed in the second wave (2012-2014). e SB was measured using questions related to sitting time during the week and weekend. e associated factors were assessed by face-to-face interviews, with blocks of questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. A hierarchical ecological model was built with all possible factors associated with SB: sociodemographic environment (age and level of education; economic status); behavioral environment (leisure time physical activity, commuting physical activity, beer consumption, current smoking); and biological environment (overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. Among men and women, higher education, current smoking and abdominal obesity were positively associated with SB, while being over 51 years old and being physically active were negatively associated with SB. The proposed ecological model explains the SB through the sociodemographic, behavioral and biological environment.
Screen time, physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents
Authors: Bergmann Gabriel Gustavo , Tassitano Rafael Miranda , Bergmann Mauren Lúcia de Araújo , Tenório Maria Cecília Marinho , Mota Jorge
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to examine the independent and combined associations of physical activity and different types of screen time in cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents. e sample was comprised for 1,045 adolescents (51.7% female) aged 11-17 years old randomly selected. Screen time was considered by the self-related electronic devices such as time watching TV, using computer (PC) and playing videogame (VG). Physical activity was estimated by the number of steps per day (steps/ day) measured by pedometers. Cardiovascular risk factors were sum of triceps and subscapular skin- folds (∑SF), total cholesterol (TC) and blood pressure (BP). Predictors and outcome variables were dichotomized using standardized cut o points. Categories of steps/day and different types of screen time were cross tabulated to the combined analyses. A set of sociodemographic variables was used as confounders. To test the independent and combined associations Chi-square tests (unadjusted) and binary logistic regression (adjusted) were used. TV time was directly and independently associated to ∑SF in females and to TC in males. Steps/day was inversely and independently associated to TC and to BP (not in female). Overall, combined analyses showed that adolescents who did not meet recommendations of steps/day and exposure an excessive screen time are more likely to present cardiovascular risk factor. Public health programs to increase physical activity and reduce screen time, especially TV time, should be developed to improve and prevent cardiovascular health in adolescents.
Purchase Order Financing: Credit, Commitment, and Supply Chain Consequences
Authors: Reindorp Matthew , Tanrisever Fehmi , Lange Anne
Published: August 2018

We study a supply chain where a retailer buys from a supplier who faces financial constraints. Informational problems about the supplier’s demand prospects and production capabilities restrict her access to capital. By committing to a minimum purchase quantity, the retailer can mitigate these informational problems and expand the supplier’s feasible production set. We assume a newsvendor model of operations and analyze the strategic interaction of the two parties as a sequential game. Key parameters in our model are the supplier’s ex ante credit limit, her informational transparency—which conditions the amount of additional capital released by the commitment—and the demand characteristics of the final market. We show that in equilibrium the supplier can benefit from a lower ex ante credit limit or lower informational transparency. The retailer always benefits from an increase in these parameters. We also indicate limits to the commitment approach: under certain conditions, the retailer may prefer to relax the supplier’s financial constraint by adjusting the wholesale price, or a combination of wholesale price and commitment. Our study provides a novel perspective on capital market frictions in supply chains.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1727 .
What is Rape?
Authors: Hänel Hilkje Charlotte
Published: August 2018

What exactly is rape? And how is it embedded in society? Hilkje Charlotte Hänel offers a philosophical exploration of the often misrepresented concept of rape in everyday life, systematically mapping out and elucidating this atrocious phenomenon. Hänel proposes a theory of rape as a social practice facilitated by ubiquitous sexist ideologies. Arguing for a normative cluster model for the concept of rape, this timely intervention improves our understanding of lived experiences of sexual violence and social relations within sexist ideologies.
AKADEMİSYENLERDE CAM TAVAN SENDROMUNUN GÜÇ MESAFESİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: Can Esin , Kaptanoğlu Sanem , Lazgeen Mohammed Halo
Published: August 2018

Öz

Trendlerdeki değişimle “she-conomy” (kadın ekonomisi) kavramı, dünyada giderek
daha popüler hale gelse dahi tepe yönetim pozisyonlarında yer alan kadın
çalışan sayısının azlığı hala dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın yapılma amacı
kadınların kariyerlerinde yükselirken karşılaştıkları cam tavan engelleri ile kültür
boyutlarından biri olan güç mesafesi arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır.
Ayrıca çalışma kapsamında, cinsiyete göre çalışanların cam tavan engellerine
yönelik algıları ile güç mesafesi algıları arasında farklılık olup olmadığı da
belirlenecektir. Çalışmanın evreni olarak Arap yarımadasında yer alan iki
üniversite seçilmiştir. Bu üniversitelerin seçilme nedeni; süregelen savaş
durumu, bölgenin politik yapısı ve toplumsal koşullar sebebi ile bu bölgede kadınların
iş dünyası ve sosyal yaşamda çok daha fazla engelle mücadele etmesidir.  Araştırmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket
kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına bakıldığında algılanan cam tavan
engelleri ve güç mesafesi arasında pozitif yönlü ve güçlü bir ilişki olduğu
görülmektedir. Cam tavan engelleri ve güç mesafesine yönelik algıda ise
cinsiyete dayalı bir farklılık olmadığı sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.
İBN HALDUN’UN MUKADDİME’SİNDE İKTİSADİ COĞRAFYA
Authors: Belge Rauf
Published: August 2018

Ortaçağ coğrafyacıları, İlkçağ
coğrafi bilgi birikiminden istifade ederek, bu birikimi zenginleştirmiş ve
modern döneme taşımışlardır. Bu anlamda Ortaçağ coğrafyacıları İlkçağ ve modern
dönem arasında köprü vazifesini görmüşlerdir. Bu vazifeyi yapan dönemin önemli coğrafyacılarından
birisi de İbn Haldun’dur. İbn Haldun coğrafya bilimini yakından ilgilendiren çevresel
determinizm, yedi iklim bölgesi, yerleşme ve iktisat gibi konularda önemli
tespitlerde bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada, ekonomik coğrafyanın prensipleri ile İbn
Haldun’un iktisadi anlamda öne sürdüğü görüşleri incelenmiştir. Zira İbn
Haldun, hem yaptığı gözlemler hem de yazılı kaynaklardan elde ettiği bilgi ve
tecrübe ile beşeri coğrafya ekseninde bazı iktisadi görüşler ortaya koymuştur.
Bu görüşleri, coğrafyada önemli bir veri kaynağı olan gezi-gözlem metodu ile
ulaşmış, bu anlamda kendisinden sonra gelen coğrafyacıların öncüsü olmuştur. Bu
bağlamda, Mukaddime isimli eseri coğrafi bakış açısı ile tahkik edilecek; İbn
Haldun’un fikirleri ve modern coğrafyacıların görüşleri aynı zeminde
tartışılacaktır. Çalışmada, İbn Haldun’un modern iktisadi coğrafyanın temel
sayılabilecek bir takım görüşleri, modern coğrafyanın kuruluşundan - yaklaşık
olarak beş asır önce - öne sürdüğü anlaşılmıştır.
Validation of XML schema and extraction of human body description format parameters
Authors: Kainz Ondrej , Jakab František , Michalko Miroslav
Published: August 2018

In this paper, the development of Extensible Markup Language (XML) schema of newly proposed Human body description format (HBDF) is proposed and further, the software and hardware solution for processing and acquiring the anthropometric parameters of the human body is presented. The analysis covers information on the HBDF format and specific measurement procedures that are associated with the format and together form a coherent structure for the recording of such data. The structure of the format itself is implemented as XML schema, determining the content of XML outputs. Experimental software solution is designed and proves valid in the examination of HBDF structure. The experimental hardware is proposed to introduce new approach to measurement using the physical real-world device. Proposed hardware solution also implements HBDF structure. Schema ensures the data coherency and integrity,while the proposed solution ensures the import, operation, and export of data. The XML schema was experimentally tested as a part of multiple research projects.
Overweight or obesity and related lifestyle and psychosocial factors among adolescents in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to assess overweight and obesity and associated factors in school-going adolescents in Brunei Darussalam. The sample included 2599 school-going adolescents that responded to the Global School-based Student Health Survey (mean age 14.7 years, SD = 1.4). Body weight status was assessed based on self-reported height and weight and the international child body mass index standards. The relationship between lifestyle factors, including physical activity and dietary behaviour, and overweight or obesity were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Results indicate a prevalence of overweight or obesity of 35.1% and obesity of 17.3%. In multivariable regression analysis, bullying victimisation was positively and frequent fast food consumption, having experienced hunger and meeting physical activity recommendations were negatively associated with overweight or obesity. High prevalence rates of overweight or obesity were found and several risk factors identified, which can assist in guiding interventions.
Impact of climate change on the potato crop and biodiversity in its center of origin
Authors: Quiroz Roberto , Ramírez David A. , Kroschel Jürgen , Andrade-Piedra Jorge , Barreda Carolina , Condori Bruno , Mares Victor , Monneveux Philippe , Perez Willmer
Published: August 2018

The Andean region is the most important center of potato diversity in the world. The global warming trend which has taken place since the 1950s, that is 2-3 times the reported global warming and the continuous presence of extreme events makes this region a live laboratory to study the impact of climate change. In this review, we first present the current knowledge on climate change in the Andes, as compared to changes in other mountain areas, and the globe in general. Then, the review describes the ecophysiological strategies to cope and adapt to changes in atmospheric CO2 levels, temperature and soil water availability. As climate change also has a significant effect on the magnitude and frequency of the incidence of pests and diseases, the current knowledge of the dynamics of vectors in the Andean region is discussed. The use of modeling techniques to describe changes in the range expansion and number of insect pest generations per year as affected by increases in temperature is also presented. Finally, the review deals with the use of crop modeling to analyze the likely impact of projected climate scenarios on potato yield and tuber initiation.
Hedging in Iranian English language teachers’ spoken language: Any differential effect for gender?
Authors: Tajik Leila , Ramezani Ameneh
Published: August 2018

Despite the importance attached in the literature to the use of hedges, the study of hedging has been shown to target, mainly, the written corpora of various types and so remains neglected in naturally occurring speech. Moreover, the existing discussion predominantly encompass cross-cultural variation in the use of hedging devices and gender as a variable has largely been overlooked. This study was conducted to shed more light on the differences between 4 Iranian male and female English instructors’use of hedging and its different realizations in their actual speech. One teaching session of each instructor was videotaped and the instructors were asked to view their video and to recollect their reasons for resorting to different activities for teaching. Their recollections were recorded and transcribed. Based on Hyland’s classification of hedges, the frequency and realization of hedging in male and female corpus were identified. Results showed considerable differences in the overall distribution of hedges as well as certain types of hedging linguistic devices throughout the male and female corpus.
Investigation of wear behavior of nanoalumina and marble dust-reinforced dental composites
Authors: Meena Anoj , Mali Harlal Singh , Patnaik Amar , Kumar Shiv Ranjan
Published: August 2018

In the present work, the effects of adding nanoalumina and marble dust on the wear behavior of dental composites were investigated. The hardness of dental composite was determined using Vickers micro-hardness tester. A two-body abrasive wear test was performed on the dental wear simulator under the medium of artificial saliva. The experiments were performed as per the Taguchi orthogonal array and steady state condition by varying parameters such as filler content, normal load, sliding velocity, and number of cycles. The hardness results indicated that the incorporation of 5 wt. % of nanoalumina increased the hardness of the dental composite by 12%, whereas the incorporation of 5 wt. % of marble dust increased the hardness of the dental composite by 7%. Also, for the experiments as per the Taguchi orthogonal array, the mean volumetric wear in the case of nanoalumina-filled dental composite was 9.6% less than that of marble dust-filled dental composite. However, in both the cases, the volumetric wear increased with the increase in normal load, sliding speed, and number of cycles but decreased with the increase in filler content. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the results indicated that normal load was less significant compared to filler content, sliding speed, and number of cycles.
Sozialfiguren – zwischen gesellschaftlicher Erfahrung und soziologischer Diagnose
Authors: Moser Sebastian J. , Schlechtriemen Tobias
Published: August 2018

Sozialfiguren sind ein eigenständiges Element soziologischer Forschung – das ist die Ausgangsthese der Autoren. Gerade soziologische Zeitdiagnosen verdichten ihre Analyse oftmals in emblematischen Figuren, in deren Zügen sich wesentliche Charakteristika der Gegenwartsgesellschaft verkörpern. Um genauer zu konturieren, was soziologisch unter Sozialfiguren zu verstehen ist, wird das Konzept mit verwandten Kategorien der Soziologie – Idealtypus, soziale Rolle, Sozialcharakter und soziale Figuration – ins Verhältnis gesetzt. Aufbauend auf dieser vergleichenden Analyse werden die Eigenschaften herauspräpariert, durch die sich sozialfigurative Darstellungen auszeichnen. Außerdem wird aufgezeigt, was Sozialfiguren im Kontext soziologischer Untersuchungen leisten, auf welche Weise sie Evidenz erzeugen, wie sie explorativ in empirischen Forschungssettings eingesetzt werden können, aber auch worin die Grenzen ihres analytischen Potentials bestehen.
Spiral Sampling Method for Quantitative Estimates of Joint Roughness Coefficient of Rock Fractures
Authors: Li Yanrong , Mo Ping , Aydin Adnan , Zhang Xinjun
Published: August 2018

Representative sampling of surface roughness is essential for reliable and consistent estimates of joint roughness coefficients (JRCs) by quantitative formulations. The most commonly used sampling method is the straight-line profiling along a predetermined shear direction. Because of anisotropy and nonuniform distribution of roughness features on natural joint surfaces, this method may work well only when the potential shear direction is known or can be predicted. However, there are no guidelines for the density of parallel straight-line profiles and how these can be synthesized into a representative profile. This article presents a spiral sampling method that addresses the shortcomings of the straight-line method. The roughness parameters derived from the spiral scanlines are closely correlated with the JRC values back-calculated from direct shear tests.
Self-Weight Consolidation Prediction Method Considering Properties of Segregating Sedimentation
Authors: Lee Min-Sun , Oda Kazuhiro
Published: August 2018

Harbor areas are constructed on reclaimed ground that uses soft dredged soil for many reasons, and there are numerous engineering problems observed during the ground reclamation. The most critical problem involves the settlement caused by the recurring consolidation of dredged soil over a long period of time. Therefore, research is needed to define the characteristics of the reclamation’s consolidation. In many cases, the existing research results on the behavior of reclaimed ground constructed with coarse soil differ from its actual behavior. Therefore, a predictive study is required to estimate the behavior of dredged and reclaimed ground regardless of the properties of the dredged ground. Accordingly, this study performed the sedimentation and self-weight consolidation test to investigate the impact of the initial water content and input height on the sedimentation and self-weight consolidation properties of nonplastic dredged soil. Then, an estimation method was suggested to calculate the volume after the self-weight consolidation of dredged coarse soil.
Fiskalische Anreize für das Vorsorgesparen: Evidenz in der Schweiz
Authors: Hofmann Roland
Published: August 2018

Viele Staaten fördern private Sparanstrengungen im Hinblick auf den Ruhestand mit fiskalischen Anreizen. In der Schweiz können Einzahlungen in die „gebundene Vorsorge Säule 3a“ steuerlich abgezogen werden. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Anreizwirkungen auf die Einzahlungen in diese steuerlich geförderten freiwilligen Alterskonten. Basierend auf Daten des Schweizerischen Haushaltspanels der Jahre 1999 bis 2014 werden verschiedene Modelle mit Logit-Regressionen gerechnet und die Ergebnisse werden mit Erweiterungen auf ihre Robustheit geprüft. Die Teilnahmequote an der „Säule 3a“ ist in der Schweiz hoch. Sowohl eine Steigerung des Einkommens als auch eine zunehmende Steuerbelastung führen dazu, dass die Säule 3a vermehrt genutzt wird. Bei den Haushalten mit mittlerem Einkommen wirkt der Steueranreiz besonders gut. Haushalte mit niedrigeren Einkommen hingegen nutzen die Vorsorge nur dann, wenn sie sich diese überhaupt leisten können. Haushalte mit hohem Einkommen nutzen den Steuervorteil der Säule 3a fast immer. Es zeigen sich aber markante regionale Unterschiede. In der deutschen Schweiz und in ländlichen Kantonen ist die Teilnahme höher als in der lateinischen Schweiz und in den städtischen Kantonen.
Bericht aus Brüssel: Inhalt und Verfahrensstand anhängiger Gesetzgebungsvorhaben im Bankrecht/Kapitalmarktrecht auf EU-Ebene, Teil 1
Authors: Wojcik Karl-Philipp
Published: August 2018

Spätestens, wenn am 1. 9. 2018 die Sommerunterbrechung des politischen Brüssel zum Ende gekommen sein wird, beginnt der Countdown für die von der EU-Kommission gemachten Gesetzgebungsvorschläge zu laufen. Denn vom 23. bis 26. 5. 2019 werden Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament stattfinden. Dies bedeutet, dass de facto ab Anfang April 2019, wenn die Parteien in die heiße Wahlkampfphase eingetreten sind, Gesetzgebungsvorschläge, die die Kommission gemacht hat und welche dem ordentlichen Gesetzgebungsverfahren (Art. 294 AEUV ) unterliegen, mindestens bis zum Zusammentritt des neugewählten Europäischen Parlaments, wahrscheinlich aber sogar bis zur Amtsübernahme der neuen Kommission voraussichtlich im November 2019, im Wesentlichen „auf Eis“ liegen. Zwar gilt auf EU-Ebene nicht das Diskontinuitätsprinzip, so dass die anhängigen Gesetzgebungsvorschläge auch nach der Neuwahl des Europäischen Parlaments anhängig bleiben. Jedoch schließt sich Ende März 2019 faktisch das Zeitfenster, innerhalb dessen anhängige Gesetzgebungsvorschläge der Kommission vom Europäischen Parlament und vom Ministerrat im Gesetzgebungsprozess verhandelt und ggf. verabschiedet werden können.

Vor diesem Hintergrund will der Beitrag einen Überblick über Inhalt sowie den Verfahrens- und Sachstand wichtiger Gesetzgebungsvorhaben der EU-Kommission in den Bereichen der Finanzmarktgesetzgebung, insbesondere auf den Gebieten des Bank- und Kapitalmarktrechts geben. Wegen der Fülle der noch anhängigen Gesetzgebungsverfahren wird dieser Überblick in zwei Teilen erfolgen, von denen der erste Teil in diesem Heft veröffentlicht und der zweite Teil im kommenden Heft (5/2018) der ZBB erscheinen wird.
Effect of agrotechnological elements on milk thistle (Silynum marianum) productivity
Authors: Vozhehova R. A. , Fedorchuk M. I. , Lavrynenko Y. O. , Kokovikhin S. V. , Lykhovyd P. V. , Biliaieva I. M. , Nesterchuk V. V.
Published: August 2018

The milk thistle is a highly valuable medicinal plant, widely used in treatment of liver diseases. Soil-climate conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine are favourable for crop cultivation. The goal of the study was to determine relations between milk thistle productivity and elements of cultivation technology, viz., primary tillage depth (14–16 and 20–22 cm), inter-row spacing (30, 45, 60 cm), timing of sowing (3rd decade of March, middle of April, 3rd decade of April) and mineral fertilizer application doses (no fertilizers, N45P45, N90P90). Field trials were carried out during the period from 2010 to 2012 on the irrigated lands of the Institute of Rice of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine by using the split plot design method in four replications. The climate of the territory of the trials is typical for the steppe zone. The soil type was dark-chestnut residual solonetz middle-loamy soil. We used the Yuhoslava variety of milk thistle in the trials. Cultivation technology was standard, excluding the studied factors. The results of the trials showed significant impact of all the studied cultivation technology elements on milk thistle seed and oil yields. The maximum average seed (1.66 t/ha) and oil (489 kg/ha) yields were obtained under the primary tillage at the depth of 20–22 cm, inter-row spacing of 60 cm, sowing in the 3rd decade of March, applying mineral fertilizers in a dose of N90P90. The highest input in seed and oil yields rise was made by the mineral fertilizers, which increased milk thistle productivity by 1.57 times comparatively with non-fertilized treatments. We also established a strong direct interrelationship between seed and oil yield: coefficient of determination was 0.96. Results of the current study are slightly limited, so further investigations in the field of milk thistle cultivation technology development and improvement are required to provide Ukrainian farmers with scientifically grounded agrotechnology of this valuable medicinal plant.
Genetic diversity of Ukrainian local pig breeds based on microsatellite markers
Authors: Kramarenko S. S. , Lugovoy S. I. , Kharzinova V. R. , Lykhach V. Y. , Kramarenko A. S. , Lykhach A. V.
Published: August 2018

Preserving the current diversity of the living material on Earth is fundamental for the survival of future generations . A study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of Ukrainian local pig breeds. A total of 350 pigs representing five local pig breeds from Ukraine (Mirgorod – MIR, Poltava Meat – PM, Ukrainian Meat – UM, Ukrainian White Steppe – UWS and Ukrainian Spotted Steppe – USS) and one commercial breed (Duroc, DUR) were sampled. Twelve microsatellite loci (SW24, S0155, SW72, SW951, S0386, S0355, SW240, SW857, S0101, SW936, SW911 and S0228) were selected and belong to the list of microsatellite markers recommended by ISAG. The results indicate that there exists, in general, a high degree of genetic variability within the five Ukrainian local pig breeds. However, the genetic variability in the MIR and PM breeds was significantly lower (mean Na = 2.92–3.92; Ho = 0.382–0.411; FIS = 0.178–0.184) than in the other three Ukrainian local pig breeds – UM, UWS and USS (mean Na = 5.00–8.42; Ho = 0.549–0.668; FIS = 0.027–0.066). Thirty-four private alleles were identified among the six analyzed genetic groups which were distributed between 11 of the 12 loci. A high number of alleles typical for the breed (private alleles) was observed in Duroc pigs – 9 alleles did not occur in Ukrainian local pig breeds. The HWE test showed that all of the polymorphic loci deviated from HWE (P < 0.05) in at least one population. Loci S0355 (5), S0386 (4) and SW24 (4) presented a higher number of populations in imbalance. The mean FST showed that approximately 77.8% of the genetic variation was within-population and 12.2% was across the populations. The five Ukrainian local breeds were classified into two major groups, according to the phylogenetic tree, which was based on standard genetic distance. Overall, we found that 92.6% of the individual pigs were correctly assigned (324 out of 350) to the respective breed of origin, which is likely a consequence of the well-defined breed structure. Probabilities from the allocation test of individuals for the six pig genetic groups were estimated with Structure Harvester. In cluster 1 the highest grouping probabilities were found for the MIR (0.917) and PM (0.750) breeds. Local breeds UM (0.824) and USS (0.772) were grouped in cluster 2. Cluster 3 was related to the local pig breed USW (0.873). Cluster 4 presented high allocation probabilities for the commercial pig breed Duroc (0.924). The obtained results are important for the future conservation of Ukrainian local pig breeds.
Fitting competing models and evaluation of model parameters of the abundance distribution of the land snail Vallonia pulchella (Pulmonata, Valloniidae)
Authors: Kunakh O. N. , Kramarenko S. S. , Zhukov A. V. , Kramarenko A. S. , Yorkina N. V.
Published: August 2018

This paper summarizes the mechanisms behind the patterning of the intra-population abundance distribution of the land snail Vallonia pulchella (Müller, 1774). The molluscs were collected in recultivated soil formed on red-brown clays (Pokrov, Ukraine). Data obtained in this study reveal that V. pulchella population abundance ranges from 1 to 13 individuals per 100 g of soil sample. To obtain estimates of the mean, three models were used: the model of the arithmetic mean, the Poisson model and a log-normal model. The arithmetic mean of the occurrence of this species during the study period was 1.84 individuals/sample. Estimation of the average number of molluscs in one sample calculated using the Poisson model is lower and equals 1.40 individuals/sample. The distribution of the number of individuals in a population was described by the graphics "rank – abundance". The individual sample plot sites with molluscs may be regarded as equivalents of individual species in the community. For the analysis, the following models were used: broken sticks model, niche preemption model, log-normal model, Zipf model, and Zipf-Mandelbrot model. Applying the log-normal distribution gives a lower estimate of the mean density at 1.28 individuals/sample. Median value and mode is estimated at 1.00 individuals/sample. The Zipf-Mandelbrot model was shown as the most adequate to describe distribution of the V. pulchella population within the study area. The Zipf-Mandelbrot model belongs to the family of so-called non-Gaussian distributions. This means that the sample statistics do not possess asymptotic properties and by increasing the sample size, they tend to infinity, and are not close to the values of the general population. Therefore, the average value of the random variable that describes the non-Gaussian distribution has no statistical meaning. From an environmental point of view, this means that within the study area the capacity of the habitat is large, and for some combination of environmental conditions the rapid growth of the abundance of a given species is possible.
Ontogeny of Lobelia dortmanna genets in lake ecosystems
Authors: Lapirov A. G. , Belyakov E. A. , Lebedeva O. A.
Published: August 2018

Lobelia dortmanna L. is one of the few rare, slowly growing relic plants occupying areas of the littoral zone of water bodies with low nutrient content and subject to wave action. Even in such difficult conditions, this plant successfully passes its entire life cycle, actively blossoms and fruits. That is why the peculiar features of the individual development of this plant in various geographical conditions is a matter of great interest. For the first time, this study considers in detail the ontogeny of the genet of L. dortmanna in oligotrophic lakes of Tver oblast. Detailed characteristics of the following age stages of individuals are given: resting seeds, seedlings, juvenile, young and adult vegetative, latent generative, middle-aged and old generative and quasisenile plants. It is shown that the transition to the juvenile age stage occurs at the end of the first year of life, the virginile age stage lasts two years, and the generative stage of development occurs in the fourth year of life. The change in the growth pattern of the rosette main shoot of Lobelia, from orthotropic to anisotropic, occurs in the second year of life. The establishment and further development of the generative organs of the plant and associated change in the growth of the main shoot from monopodial to simpodial occurs in the fourth year of life. At the same time, the branching of the main shoot begins by formation in the axils of the uppermost assimilating leaves (the last in front of the apical inflorescence) – 1–2 lateral rosette shoots. These are future ramets (vegetative diasporas), which ensure, in the future, the vegetative reproduction of the individual and spread to new territories. Taking into account that in lakes of Tver oblast, Lobelia groupings form dense aggregated clusters on the bottom, the transition of individuals to a quasisenile age state (in the fifth year of life) enables them to rejuvenate and survive after the death of the maternal shoot. The formation and further development of rosette lateral shoots allows the plant to re-occupy the territory via vegetative or seed propagation. Complete morphological disintegration (vegetative reproduction) occurs in the fifth year of life. The genets’ ontogeny is completed by the formation of a compact clone from the detached lateral rosette shoots.
Regulation of biosynthesis of lipids in Chlorella vulgaris by compounds of zinc, chromium and selenium
Authors: Bodnar O. I. , Kovalska H. B. , Grubinko V. V.
Published: August 2018

We studied molecular and metabolic mechanisms of regulated lipid biosynthesis in Chlorella vulgaris aquaculture. after addition of sodium selenite (10 mg/dm3) when added separately and in combination with Zn2+ (5 mg/dm3) and Cr3+ (5 mg/dm3) during 7 days of their action in order to obtain biotechnologically useful lipid products, enriched with microelements. Experiments were carried out in accordance with generally accepted hydrological and biochemical methods. It was established that micronutrients that were added into the medium result in an increase in the total content of lipids in the range of 10%. The redeployment of lipid classes in chlorella cells occurs due to the action of sodium selenite in favour of phospholipids by reducing the proportion of diacylglycerols, while the amount of triacylglycerols and nonetherified fatty acids does not change. Combined action of sodium selenite and zinc ions leads to the significant increase of the relative content of diacylglycerols, and partial increase of nonetherified fatty acids, at the same time in the cells we can observe a slight decrease in the proportion of triacylglycerols and phospholipids. Inclusion of 14C-bicarbonate in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids of Ch. vulgaris is significantly different both from the control group and from the group to which we added the investigated factors. However, the predominance of inclusion in lipids is 2–3 times higher than its inclusion into carbohydrates and 9–12 times higher in proteins. The increase of labeled bicarbonate inclusion intensity into carbohydrates occurs only in the case of joint action of sodium selenite and zinc ions, in proteins and lipids – in all cases of trace elemental activity. It was revealed that the general tendency is the reduction of the inclusion of bicarbonate in Ch. vulgaris triacylglycerols and its increase in phospholipids and nonetherified fatty acids, except for chromium ions, that modified the inclusion of the label into diacylglycerols, which may be due to the specific toxicity of the metal ions. The activation of lipogenesis after addition of selenium, zinc and chromium compounds was confirmed by an increase in the inclusion intensity of 14C-oleate in various classes of lipids that are present in chlorella and increased activity of glycerol-3-phosphatacyltransferase. Direction and regulation of lipid metabolism in Ch. vulgaris in the direction of increasing the amount and accumulation of lipids and their separate classes using sodium selenite in combination with Zn2+ and Cr3+ with the purpose of forming selenium-metal-lipid complexes can be used to obtain biologically active lipidous preparations enriched with essential microelements.
PASSIVITY BASED ON ENERGY TANK FOR CARTESIAN IMPEDANCE CONTROL OF DLR SPACE ROBOTS WITH FLOATING BASE AND ELASTIC JOINTS
Authors: Le Luc Tien
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a control structure for orbital servicing mission of CEASAR robotic arm developed by German Aerospace Center (DLR). In order to reduce mass the CEASAR arm is equipped with Harmonic-Drives with high ratio which unfortunately lead to high joint elasticity and high motor friction and have to be considered in controller design for successful manipulator in-orbit operations. Therefore, in this control structure, for high tracking control a cascaded position controller based on state feedback control structure with observer-based friction compensation and for safe interaction control with the environment a Cartesian impedance controller is used. The proposed control methods are very efficient and practicable. Furthermore, they are very robust with dynamic parameter uncertainties, coupling dynamics, and can simultaneously provide good results in term of the position accuracy and dynamic behavior. Simulation results validate practical efﬁciency of the controllers.
'Compassion, the first emotion ditched when I’m busy’. The struggle to maintain our common humanity
Authors: Davin Lorna , Thistlethwaite Jill , Bartle Emma
Published: August 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. IntroductionA considerable body of literature has been built around the socialisation of medical students and junior doctors into the culture of medicine, yet our appreciation of how their affective learning is shaped through practice, over time, continues to challenge our understanding and subsequent educational practice. This study addresses this gap by using compassion as a lens to unpack affective learning.MethodsThis research asked interns undertaking their first year of medical practice ''What have been the main influences (positive and/or negative) in how you have learned to express compassion for your patients when working in the clinical context?" Their individual narratives, generated through reflective journals and unstructured interviews, when thematically analysed, told us how and why they struggled.FindingsThe eight interns expressed their struggle to maintain their compassionate aspirations when confronted with the complexity and competing demands of their community of practice. Their emotional disquiet triggered their safety ethic resulting in their compassion, a prosocial moral emotion, being replaced by a more reductionist approach where patient care was reframed as patient management.DiscussionWhile neither inevitable nor static, the interns' narratives tell a story where, after a year embedded in their community of practice, their increased self-efficacy, derived primarily from their perceived biomedical competence, enables them to revisit their original aspirations - to be both compassionate and competent - recognising that being a 'good' doctor does not have to eclipse being a kind and caring human being.ConclusionsThe interns' reflections uncovered a narrative of emotional vulnerability, where fearing failure and seeking perfection, contributed to a diminished self‑efficacy resulting in risk aversive behaviours protecting their doctor identity. In the recommendations the authors propose strategies for safe engaged connection, where self‑understanding replaces self‑criticism and self‑compassion is cultivated to guard against contempt and cynicism.
Impact of peer support on student mental wellbeing: a systematic review
Authors: John Nikita Margaret , Page Oliver , Martin Scott Christopher , Whittaker Paula
Published: August 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Objectives: Many universities use peer support programmes to support students. However, there are currently no guidelines on the most effective way of facilitating emotional wellbeing in students. The aim of this paper is to review the evidence for the effectiveness of peer support to improve mental health wellbeing in university students. Methods: Six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, British Education Index (BEI), Australian Education Index (AEI), PsychINFO and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA)) were searched in December 2017. Search terms included "peer support", "university students" and "mental wellbeing". Studies that did not include peer support or assess the impact of students' mental health were excluded. Data about design and delivery of the peer support intervention and changes in student mental wellbeing outcomes were extracted. Results: 489 records were identified. Three studies met the inclusion criteria; two cross-sectional surveys and one non-randomised intervention study. One study found social support to be the most important protective factor for mental wellbeing. Two studies showed no statistically significant improvement in wellbeing outcomes with peer support. One study found that majority of mentors and mentees found peer support useful. Conclusions: There is currently no evidence that peer support improves mental wellbeing among university students.
Making it “More Real”: Using Personal Narrative in Faculty Feedback to a Medical Student’s Reflective Writing – An Illustrative Exemplar
Authors: Wald Hedy S. , Weiss Barrett
Published: August 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Reflective capacity is an essential characteristic of professionally competent clinical practice. Use of interactive reflective writing (IRW), ie. student writer/faculty feedback provider dyad and/or collaborative reflection in small group, to augment reflective practice instruction is well documented. IRW-enhanced reflection on experience contributes to meaning-making, leading to transformative learning within professional identity formation. Written formative feedback to trainees' reflective writings can include personal anecdotes from faculty to enrich the educational value of feedback, used judiciously and subjected to a "filtering" process. We provide an exemplar of a third year Family Medicine clerkship student's reflective writing about a clinical care experience that "mattered" as well as the faculty written feedback which included sharing a personal narrative resonating with themes emerging from the student's reflective writing. Dual, mutually reinforcing identities/roles of medical educator and family cancer caregiver as educator emerged within the feedback.We include some post-IRW exercise student and educator reflections on the experience and impact of such sharing within an educational context. In this example, faculty drawing from both personal and professional experience to craft feedback supporting the becoming of a physician was experienced by the student writer as making the feedback more "real" and engaging, leading to perceived enhanced value of the educational exercise.
A New Deal for the Teaching Profession
Authors: Stevenson Howard
Published: August 2018

The crisis in teacher supply points to fundamental problems in the way teachers in England experience their work. In this contribution to debates about a National Education Service (NES) the author argues that a Labour government must be prepared to radically rethink how it engages
with the teaching profession. The challenge is to shift from a compliance culture to one in which education workers become central to building the movement on which the NES will be based.
Prioritising highway safety improvement projects: a robust data envelopment analysis approach
Authors: Dadashi Ali , Mirbaha Babak
Published: August 2018

This paper presents and evaluates an application of a robust data envelopment analysis (RDEA) multi-criteria model for prioritising safety improvement projects with limited budget and data uncertainty. RDEA can be seen as an extension of classic data envelopment analysis (CDEA) that supports a more flexible and robust project selection by enabling decision-makers to adjust the level of conservation (or robustness) of decision-making against data uncertainty. Data from an existing case study were used to evaluate the performance of the model. The results indicated that the proposed methodology provides a useful tool for adjusting the level of robustness and that the efficiency of the candidate project decreases with the decision-maker's conservativeness and their ranking does not change as the decision-maker becomes more risk-averse. As a comparative study, the proposed approach was compared with incremental benefit–cost analysis and CDEA methods. The results indicated some changes in the list of selected projects considering the uncertainty impacts of data observed according to allocated budgets.
Jane Austen e Midiatização: uma análise da web série The Lizzie Bennet Diaries a partir da perspectiva da codificação/decodificação
Authors: Montes Celinski Giovana
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho investiga a web série The Lizzie Bennet Diaries sob a perspectiva da codificação/decodificação (HALL, 2003). Com o objetivo de refletir sobre os processos de midiatização e a migração das narrativas clássicas para outros suportes, utilizou-se Calvino (2007), Barbosa (2012), Hepp e Hasebrink (2015). A partir da análise do episódio 84, observou-se que as potencialidades do meio online favorecem o surgimento de diferentes posições de decodificação dos discursos apresentados na série.
LASER HYDRODYNAMIC BIOTISSUE DISSECTION IN OPERATIVE UROLOGY
Authors: Vinarov A. Z. , Dymov A. M. , Sorokin N. I. , Minaev V. P. , Lekarev V. Yu.
Published: August 2018

There are considered characteristics of the laser medical devices working at the wavelengths 1.94; 2.01 and 2.1 µm, which are used in urology for surgical operations. It is shown that unlike action in the air environment, section of the biotissue in the water environment (physiological solution) is performed by the steam-gas stream which is formed as a result of superintensive boiling in thin (about 0.1 mm) a liquid layer in which absorbed laser radiation. Coagulation of the biotissue, adjacent to a section, happens due to heat which is produced via vapor condensation.
ANDROLOGY EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC-SUFFICIENT AND PANCREATIC-INSUFFICIENT CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Repina S. A. , Krasovsky S. A. , Rozhivanov R. V. , Sorokina T. M. , Shileiko L. V. , Shtaut M. I. , Kurilo L. F. , Shmarina G. V. , Adyan T. A. , Kashirskaya N. Y. , Polyakov A. V. , Chernykh V. B.
Published: August 2018

Introduction. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is common monogenic disease resulted from CFTR gene mutations. A most of CF male patients are infertile due to the obstructive azoospermia, however, the mechanisms of the reduced fertility in male patients without the obstruction of seminal ducts, also as the influence of CFTR genotype on their development is understudied.

Objectiveis to assess an influence the effect of CFTR genotype, clinical form of CF and age on men reproductive system organs, fertility, and testosterone level and semen parameters in male patients with CF. 

Materials and methods. We examined 71 Russian men (17–39 years old, mean 24.9 ± 5.3) with CF (pancreatic-sufficient, n = 34, and pancreatic-insufficient, n = 37). Clinical, andrology, laboratory and instrumental examination, including scrotal ultrasonography, biochemical semen, and hormonal analyses were performed.

Results. Testicular hypoplasia was reveled in 40,5 % CF patients. Diffuse alterations of epididymis, of epididymal and/or testicular cysts were detected in 62 % patients; 10 % of the patients presented symptoms of hypogonadism. As many as 88 % patients showed spermiological signs of bilateral obstruction of seminal ducts at the level of the vas deferens and epididymis, aplasia of the seminal vesicles (azoospermia, oligospermia, low pH and fructose level of the ejaculate). Pancreatic-insufficient CF is an unfavorable prognostic sign for the obstruction of vas deferens, morphological changes in the scrotum. Patients until 25 years (23 %) as 3849+10kb C>T mutation’s carriers (72 %) significantly more frequently presented preserved vas deferens.

Conclusion. Pancreatic-sufficient CF, young age and 3849+10kbС>T mutation are favorable factors presented preserved vas deferens and the possible fertility in men with CF.
GENETIC FACTORS OF MALE INFERTILITY, THEIR COMBINATIONS AND THE SPERMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEN WITH FERTILITY FAILURES
Authors: Safina N. Yu. , Yamandi T. A. , Chernykh V. B. , Akulenko L. V. , Bogolyubov S. V. , Vityazeva I. I. , Ryzhkova O. P. , Stepanova A. A. , Adyan T. A. , Bliznets E. A. , Polyakov A. V.
Published: August 2018

The objectiveis to study the occurrence of common genetic factors of male infertility in men with reproductive problems, their combinations and spermatological characteristics.

Materials and methods. 393 men with infertility in marriage were examined. According to the results of the cytogenetic study, the sample is divided into 3 groups: 135 men with numerical sex chromosome abnormalities; 58 male patients with a balanced structural rearrangement; 200 men with normal karyotype. Y chromosome microdeletions, CFTR gene mutations and CAG-repeats polymorphism of AR gene were analyzed.

Results. The Y-chromosome microdeletions partially AZFc deletions were detected in 13 % male patients with sex chromosome abnormalities. A combination of chromosomal abnormalities with AZF deletions and/or CFTR gene mutations and long CAG repeats of AR gene was found in 19 % infertile men with balanced chromosome rearrangements. Infertile men with normal male karyotype presented the frequency of common genetic factors of male infertility was almost 2 times higher than the combined frequency of these factors in groups of patients with chromosomes abnormalities. Azoospermia in men with normal karyotype and patients with chromosome abnormalities was diagnosed with the same frequency (58 %). In all men who have identified the presence of two or more genetic factors of male infertility, severe forms of pathozoospermia (azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia) were found.

Conclusion. The combination of genetic factors of male infertility is accompanied by severe forms of pathozoospermia that indicates a possible additive effect of negative effect on spermatogenesis and male fertility.