bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a 1 × 3 Power Splitter Based on Multimode Interference in a Parabolic-Type Slot-Waveguide Structure
Authors: Liu Shuo , Liu Baichao , Lv Huanlin , Liang Yanfeng , Liu Fangxu , Wang Haoyu , Cong Yang , Li Xuanchen , Guo Qingxiao
Published: July 2024

Multimode interference (MMI) couplers based on silicon slot-waveguide structures have received widespread attention in recent years. The key issues that need to be addressed are the size and loss of such devices. This study introduces a 1 × 3 silicon-based slot-waveguide multimode interference power splitter. The device uses a gallium-nitride slot-waveguide structure to reduce the length of the coupling region and decrease additional losses. To reduce the width of the coupling region, the multimode interference coupling area is designed with a parabolic-shaped structure. The introduction of a tapered structure between the input/output waveguides and the coupling region improves additional losses and non-uniformity. Furthermore, we conducted an analysis of the fabrication tolerances of the coupling region. In this paper, we use mode solution to simulate the design of the device in the 1550 nm optical wavelength range. The eigenmode expansion method is used to simulate and optimize the parameters of the device. The device is simulated using the eigenmode expansion solver. The simulation results show that the total length of the coupling region for the device is only 4 μm. The normalized transmission of the device is 0.992, and its excess loss and imbalance are 0.036 dB and 0.003 dB, respectively. The proposed power splitter can be applied to integrated optical circuit design, optical sensing, and optical power measurement.
Evaluating a Methodical Approach to Lingual Nerve Protection during Third Molar Surgery Using a Standardized Step-by-Step Procedure: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Zaccheo Fabrizio , Cicconetti Andrea , Gori Guido , Petroni Giulia
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to assess the methodical protection of the lingual nerve via the use of a standardized step-by-step procedure in the surgical extraction of the lower third molar. A 5-year retrospective analysis of surgical third molar surgery conducted by third-year oral surgery specialty program students was performed in the oral surgery department of Policlinico Umberto I in Rome, from 2017 to 2022. All surgeries were carried out using a standardized step-by-step procedure to protect the lingual flap during the surgery. Every patient underwent a review on the initial postoperative day, and subsequently, one week after the surgery, coinciding with the removal of the sutures. During each postoperative visit, thorough examinations were conducted to assess any sensory nerve impairment of the inferior alveolar, lingual, or mylohyoid nerves. None of the cases reported postsurgical lingual nerve injury; there was zero incidence of lingual nerve paresthesia or dysesthesia. The systematic application of lingual flap protection proved to be an effective and reproducible approach for the surgical removal of lower third molars without raising the risk of lingual nerve sensory impairment, regardless of the operator’s experience.
A Downscaling Method of TRMM Satellite Precipitation Based on Geographically Neural Network Weighted Regression: A Case Study in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Zheng Ge , Zhang Nan , Zhang Laifu , Chen Yijun , Wu Sensen
Published: July 2024

Spatial downscaling is an effective way to improve the spatial resolution of precipitation products. However, the existing methods often fail to adequately consider the spatial heterogeneity and complex nonlinearity between precipitation and surface parameters, resulting in poor downscaling performance and inaccurate expression of regional details. In this study, we propose a precipitation downscaling model based on geographically neural network weighted regression (GNNWR), which integrates normalized difference vegetation index, digital elevation model, land surface temperature, and slope data to address spatial heterogeneity and complex nonlinearity. We explored the spatiotemporal trends of precipitation in the Sichuan region over the past two decades. The results show that the GNNWR model outperforms common methods in downscaling precipitation for the four distinct seasons, achieving a maximum R2 of 0.972 and a minimum RMSE of 3.551 mm. Overall, precipitation in Sichuan Province exhibits a significant increasing trend from 2001 to 2019, with a spatial distribution pattern of low in the northwest and high in the southeast. The GNNWR downscaled results exhibit the strongest correlation with observed data and provide a more accurate representation of precipitation spatial patterns. Our findings suggest that GNNWR is a practical method for precipitation downscaling considering its high accuracy and model performance.
Efficient Time-Dependent Method for Strong-Field Ionization of Atoms with Smoothly Varying Radial Steps
Authors: Douguet Nicolas , Guchkov Mikhail , Bartschat Klaus , Santos Samantha Fonseca dos
Published: July 2024

We present an efficient numerical method to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in the single-active electron picture for atoms interacting with intense optical laser fields. Our approach is based on a non-uniform radial grid with smoothly increasing steps for the electron distance from the residual ion. We study the accuracy and efficiency of the method, as well as its applicability to investigate strong-field ionization phenomena, the process of high-order harmonic generation, and the dynamics of highly excited Rydberg states.
Focused Update on Clinical Testing of Otolith Organs
Authors: Hegemann Stefan C. A. , Bery Anand Kumar , Kheradmand Amir
Published: July 2024

Sensing gravity through the otolith receptors is crucial for bipedal stability and gait. The overall contribution of the otolith organs to eye movements, postural control, and perceptual functions is the basis for clinical testing of otolith function. With such a wide range of contributions, it is important to recognize that the functional outcomes of these tests may vary depending on the specific method employed to stimulate the hair cells. In this article, we review common methods used for clinical evaluation of otolith function and discuss how different aspects of physiology may affect the functional measurements in these tests. We compare the properties and performance of various clinical tests with an emphasis on the newly developed video ocular counter roll (vOCR), measurement of ocular torsion on fundus photography, and subjective visual vertical or horizontal (SVV/SVH) testing.
Sustainability Development of Stationary Batteries: A Circular Economy Approach for Vanadium Flow Batteries
Authors: Blume Nick , Turek Thomas , Minke Christine
Published: July 2024

In the literature, the hierarchy of value retention strategies (R-strategies) is utilized to describe the impacts on various circular economy (CE) factors. However, this approach is not suitable for batteries, such as the vanadium flow battery (VFB), due to its technical complexity. The presented model primarily focuses on VFBs, as a deep technical understanding is identified as a fundamental prerequisite for a comprehensive CE analysis. Based on the R-strategies, a new model called the dynamic multi-dimensional value retention strategy model (DDS) is developed accordingly. The DDS divides the R-strategies into three dimensions, as changes in the studied object each have a unilateral influence on the underlying dimensions. In addition, interactions among the R-strategies within the dimensions are observed. Moreover, the model enables the transparent and comprehensible examination of various CE objective factors. Through the model, future adjustments to CE for batteries can be analyzed and quantified. In particular, the analysis yields new insights into individual end-of-life (EoL) strategies, based on new findings regarding the VFB. Consequently, important new perspectives on the VFB are also illuminated. The DDS model is applicable to other complex technologies as well as simple product systems.
Inversion of Left Ventricular Axial Shortening: In Silico Proof of Concept for Treatment of HFpEF
Authors: Goetz Wolfgang A. , Yao Jiang , Brener Michael , Puri Rishi , Swaans Martin , Schopka Simon , Wiesner Sigrid , Creutzenberg Marcus , Sievert Horst , Kassab Ghassan S.
Published: July 2024

Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal function is mechanically coupled to the elasticity of the ascending aorta (AA). The pathophysiologic link between a stiff AA and reduced longitudinal strain and the subsequent deterioration in longitudinal LV systolic function is likely relevant in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The proposed therapeutic effect of freeing the LV apex and allowing for LV inverse longitudinal shortening was studied in silico utilizing the Living Left Heart Human Model (Dassault Systémes Simulia Corporation). LV function was evaluated in a model with (A) an elastic AA, (B) a stiff AA, and (C) a stiff AA with a free LV apex. The cardiac model simulation demonstrated that freeing the apex caused inverse LV longitudinal shortening that could abolish the deleterious mechanical effect of a stiff AA on LV function. A stiff AA and impairment of the LV longitudinal strain are common in patients with HFpEF. The hypothesis-generating model strongly suggests that freeing the apex and inverse longitudinal shortening may improve LV function in HFpEF patients with a stiff AA.
In Vitro Generation of Haploid Germ Cells from Human XY and XXY Immature Testes in a 3D Organoid System
Authors: Galdon Guillermo , Zarandi Nima Pourhabibi , Deebel Nicholas A. , Zhang Sue , Cornett Olivia , Lyalin Dmitry , Pettenati Mark J. , Lue YanHe , Wang Christina , Swerdloff Ronald , Shupe Thomas D. , Bishop Colin , Stogner Kimberly , Kogan Stanley J. , Howards Stuart , Atala Anthony , Sadri-Ardekani Hooman
Published: July 2024

Increasing survival rates of children following cancer treatment have resulted in a significant population of adult survivors with the common side effect of infertility. Additionally, the availability of genetic testing has identified Klinefelter syndrome (classic 47,XXY) as the cause of future male infertility for a significant number of prepubertal patients. This study explores new spermatogonia stem cell (SSC)-based fertility therapies to meet the needs of these patients. Testicular cells were isolated from cryopreserved human testes tissue stored from XY and XXY prepubertal patients and propagated in a two-dimensional culture. Cells were then incorporated into a 3D human testicular organoid (HTO) system. During a 3-week culture period, HTOs maintained their structure, viability, and metabolic activity. Cell-specific PCR and flow cytometry markers identified undifferentiated spermatogonia, Sertoli, Leydig, and peritubular cells within the HTOs. Testosterone was produced by the HTOs both with and without hCG stimulation. Upregulation of postmeiotic germ cell markers was detected after 23 days in culture. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of chromosomes X, Y, and 18 identified haploid cells in the in vitro differentiated HTOs. Thus, 3D HTOs were successfully generated from isolated immature human testicular cells from both euploid (XY) and Klinefelter (XXY) patients, supporting androgen production and germ cell differentiation in vitro.
Comparison of Immune Indicators Related to Phagocytosis of Five Species of Sea Urchins under Artificial Infection with the Pathogenic Bacterium of Black Mouth Disease
Authors: Tian Wenzhuo , Wang Zhong , Leng Xiaofei , Liu Peng , Guo Hao , Jiang Xuechun , Ou Fanjiang , Jia Tongshan , Ding Jun , Zhang Weijie , Chang Yaqing
Published: July 2024

To screen for immune indicators closely related to disease resistance, two species of sea urchin susceptible to black mouth disease (Strongylocentrotus intermedius, S. intermedius ♀ × Heliocidaris crassispina ♂) and three species of sea urchin resistant to black mouth disease (H. crassispina, H. crassispina ♀ × S. intermedius ♂ and Mesocentrotus nudus) were artificially infected with the black mouth pathogen Vibrio echinoideorum. The phagocytosis-related immune indices of the five sea urchin species were compared at different time points post-infection. The results demonstrated that the parameters such as apoptotic rate of phagocytes, mean contribution value (MCV) of single effective phagocyte on Acid Phosphatase (ACP), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (T-AOC) of the five sea urchin species first increased and then decreased after infection. The key time points were 3 h to 6 h and 48 h post-infection when the black mouth disease-resistant and susceptible sea urchins demonstrated differences. At 3 h or 6 h post-infection, the up-regulation folds in MCV of ACP, ROS and T-AOC of black mouth disease-resistant sea urchins were considerably higher than that of the susceptible sea urchins. At 6 h post-infection, the apoptosis rate and the phagocytic index (PI) of the black mouth disease-resistant sea urchins were significantly higher than those of the susceptible sea urchins (p < 0.05). At 48 h post-infection, the necrosis rate of phagocytes, MCV of ACP and MCV of ROS of the black mouth disease-resistant sea urchins were significantly lower than those of the susceptible sea urchins (p < 0.05). The apoptosis and necrosis rate of phagocytes, PI, and MCV on ACP, ROS may be used as indicators of disease resistance in sea urchins. Disease resistance standards in immune indices can be summarized as phagocytosis increases greatly in the early infection stage and decreases timely to a normal level after killing the pathogen in a short period.
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)—Should They Be Mandatory Supplements in Pregnancy?
Authors: Amza Mihaela , Haj Hamoud Bashar , Sima Romina-Marina , Dinu Mihai-Daniel , Gorecki Gabriel-Petre , Popescu Mihai , Gică Nicolae , Poenaru Mircea-Octavian , Pleș Liana
Published: July 2024

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are essential fatty acids for the human body. Seafood and microalgae are the most important sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Supplementation with 200 mg/day of DHA during pregnancy and breastfeeding has been suggested for women and infants in countries with low seafood consumption. Maternal concentration of DHA and EPA was associated with concentration in cord blood and breast milk. High concentrations of DHA and EPA were identified at the level of retinal photoreceptors and neuronal cell membranes. It was observed that supplementation with DHA and EPA during pregnancy had beneficial effects on the neurological development of the fetus and infant by improving language, memory, attention, and hand coordination, affecting sleep patterns, and improving visual acuity. Beneficial effects on the development of the infant were also associated with the maternal intake of omega-3 fatty acids during breastfeeding. Supplementation with DHA and EPA may reduce the risk of preterm birth but also of preeclampsia in low-risk pregnancies. Women of childbearing age should have an intake of 250 mg/day of DHA + EPA from their diet or supplements. To reduce the risk of premature birth, pregnant women must additionally receive at least 100–200 mg of DHA every day. It is recommended that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids starts before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Beneficial effects on the mother have been identified, such as the reduction of postpartum depression symptoms, the decrease of cardiovascular risk, and the anti-inflammatory role.
Design-Optimization of Conventional Steel Structures for Realization of the Sustainable Development Objectives Using Metaheuristic Algorithm
Authors: Negarestani Mohammad Nader , Hajikandi Hooman , Fatehi-Nobarian Bahador , Majrouhi Sardroud Javad
Published: July 2024

The construction industry presents a significant environmental challenge due to its substantial environmental footprint, utilization of limited natural resources, and contribution to pollution and climate change. Additionally, optimizing the weight, cost, and duration of construction is crucial for enhancing serviceability, flexibility, efficiency, and profitability. In this research, the relationship between structure weight and other objective functions was explored using the single-objective gray wolf algorithm to investigate their impact on carbon footprint, water footprint, and construction time. Furthermore, employing a multi-objective optimization algorithm, a building structure was optimized for three systems featuring different structural frames based on the specified objective functions. The results revealed that the structure with intermediate steel moment-resisting frames exhibited the shortest construction time but incurred the highest construction cost. Conversely, the structure with intermediate steel moment-resisting frames with special steel concentric bracing demonstrated the lowest carbon footprint and water footprint among the studied structural frames. Consequently, the structure with intermediate steel moment-resisting frames with special concentric steel bracing was proposed as a green structure, emphasizing its environmentally friendly characteristics.
Development of a Tabletop Hologram for Spatial Visualization: Application in the Field of Architectural and Urban Design
Authors: Do Tam Le Phuc , Coffin Matteo , Gentet Philippe , Hwang Leehwan , Lee Seunghyun
Published: July 2024

Architects, engineers, and designers normally visualize architectural, urban planning, urban design, or landscape design projects in different ways to present their ideas. At present, the two most widely utilized and accessible methods for spatial visualization are digital 3D modeling and physical 3D modeling. Despite their popularity, both approaches have intrinsic limitations. These shortcomings are progressively being mitigated through advancements in technology and digitalization. In this study, we propose the utilization of hologram technology as an innovative approach to overcome the limitations of both modeling methods mentioned. This research addresses two main points: the seamless integration of hologram production into the standard workflow of architectural and urban design projects, and the experimental creation of a tabletop hologram prototype using the most advanced stereoscopic visualization capabilities—CHIMERA hologram printer. The experiment’s results indicate that tabletop holograms’ visualization quality can potentially replace traditional methods in the near future. The process of creating holograms can be incorporated into the standard workflow of architectural and urban design projects and utilized in specific contexts.
Improving Sarcoma Outcomes: Target Trial Emulation to Compare the Impact of Unplanned and Planned Resections on the Outcome
Authors: Obergfell Timothy T. A. F. , Nydegger Kim N. , Heesen Philip , Schelling Georg , Bode-Lesniewska Beata , Studer Gabriela , Fuchs Bruno
Published: July 2024

This study follows the Target Trial Emulation (TTE) framework to assess the impact of unplanned resections (UEs) and planned resections (PEs) of sarcomas on local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Sarcomas, malignant tumors with mesenchymal differentiation, present a significant clinical challenge due to their rarity, complexity, and the frequent occurrence of UEs, which complicates effective management. Our analysis utilized real-world-time data from the Swiss Sarcoma Network, encompassing 429 patients, to compare the impact of UEs and PEs, adjusting for known prognostic factors through a multivariable Cox regression model and propensity score weighting. Our findings reveal a significantly higher risk of local recurrence for UEs and a short-term follow-up period that showed no marked differences in MFS, CSS, and OS between the UE and PE groups, underlining the importance of optimal initial surgical management. Furthermore, tumor grade was validated as a critical prognostic factor, influencing outcomes irrespective of surgical strategy. This study illuminates the need for improved referral systems to specialized sarcoma networks to prevent UEs and advocates for the integration of TTE in sarcoma research to enhance clinical guidelines and decision-making in sarcoma care. Future research should focus on the prospective validations of these findings and the exploration of integrated care models to reduce the incidence of UEs and improve patient outcomes.
Differences in the Communication of Cancer Diagnoses by Different Health Professionals and the Impact of Oncologist Communication on Patients’ Emotions
Authors: Ruiz Sancho Elena , Pérez Nieto Miguel Ángel , Román Francisco J. , León Mateos Leticia , Sánchez Escamilla Francisco , Enrech Francés Santos , Pérez Escutia María Ángeles , Juez Mertel Ignacio , Pérez-Segura Pedro , Aguirre Herrero Andrea , Redondo Delgado Marta
Published: July 2024

The field of healthcare is increasingly adopting a humanistic perspective in the physician–patient relationship. One of the more salient aspects being studied is the communication between the two. This study serves a dual purpose. Our initial aim was to study how a cancer diagnosis is disclosed to patients by different physicians (GPs/other specialists/oncologists). Secondly, we set out to study how the way in which oncologists normally communicate with their patients impacts variables such as a patient’s anxiety, depression, coping mechanisms, and perception of both their health and their quality of life. A total of 177 patients answered a battery of questionnaires on sociodemographic and disease data: the SPIKES protocol, the EORTCQLQ-COMU26, and the ADAF screening questionnaire. The analyses recorded medium or high scores for some of the steps in the SPIKES protocol when delivering the diagnosis, and significant differences were observed for some of them among different physicians. The level of a cancer patient’s satisfaction with the communication by oncologists was related to their levels of anxiety, depression, vulnerability, and perception of their health and quality of life. Better communication strategies are called for among all healthcare professionals to facilitate the task of breaking bad news to their patients.
Deep Residual Learning-Based Classification with Identification of Incorrect Predictions and Quantification of Cellularity and Nuclear Morphological Features in Digital Pathological Images of Common Astrocytic Tumors
Authors: Chen Yen-Chang , Lin Shinn-Zong , Wu Jia-Ru , Yu Wei-Hsiang , Harn Horng-Jyh , Tsai Wen-Chiuan , Liu Ching-Ann , Kuo Ken-Leiang , Yeh Chao-Yuan , Tsai Sheng-Tzung
Published: July 2024

Interobserver variations in the pathology of common astrocytic tumors impact diagnosis and subsequent treatment decisions. This study leveraged a residual neural network-50 (ResNet-50) in digital pathological images of diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma to recognize characteristic pathological features and perform classification at the patch and case levels with identification of incorrect predictions. In addition, cellularity and nuclear morphological features, including axis ratio, circularity, entropy, area, irregularity, and perimeter, were quantified via a hybrid task cascade (HTC) framework and compared between different characteristic pathological features with importance weighting. A total of 95 cases, including 15 cases of diffuse astrocytoma, 11 cases of anaplastic astrocytoma, and 69 cases of glioblastoma, were collected in Taiwan Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital from January 2000 to December 2021. The results revealed that an optimized ResNet-50 model could recognize characteristic pathological features at the patch level and assist in diagnosis at the case level with accuracies of 0.916 and 0.846, respectively. Incorrect predictions were mainly due to indistinguishable morphologic overlap between anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma tumor cell area, zones of scant vascular lumen with compact endothelial cells in the glioblastoma microvascular proliferation area mimicking the glioblastoma tumor cell area, and certain regions in diffuse astrocytoma with too low cellularity being misrecognized as the glioblastoma necrosis area. Significant differences were observed in cellularity and each nuclear morphological feature among different characteristic pathological features. Furthermore, using the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, we found that entropy was the most important feature for classification, followed by cellularity, area, circularity, axis ratio, perimeter, and irregularity. Identifying incorrect predictions provided valuable feedback to machine learning design to further enhance accuracy and reduce errors in classification. Moreover, quantifying cellularity and nuclear morphological features with importance weighting provided the basis for developing an innovative scoring system to achieve objective classification and precision diagnosis among common astrocytic tumors.
Utility of Targeted Sequencing Compared to FISH for Detection of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Copy Number Alterations
Authors: Wiedmeier-Nutor J. Erin , McCabe Chantal E. , O’Brien Daniel R. , Jessen Erik , Bonolo de Campos Cecilia , Boddicker Nicholas J. , Griffin Rosalie , Allmer Cristine , Rabe Kari G. , Cerhan James R. , Parikh Sameer A. , Kay Neil E. , Yan Huihuang , Van Dyke Daniel L. , Slager Susan L. , Braggio Esteban
Published: July 2024

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by multiple copy number alterations (CNAs) and somatic mutations that are central to disease prognosis, risk stratification, and mechanisms of therapy resistance. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) panels are widely used in clinical applications as the gold standard for screening prognostic chromosomal abnormalities in CLL. DNA sequencing is an alternative approach to identifying CNAs but is not an established method for clinical CNA screening. We sequenced DNA from 509 individuals with CLL or monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), the precursor to CLL, using a targeted sequencing panel of 59 recurrently mutated genes in CLL and additional amplicons across regions affected by clinically relevant CNAs [i.e., del(17p), del(11q), del(13q), and trisomy 12]. We used the PatternCNV algorithm to call CNA and compared the concordance of calling clinically relevant CNAs by targeted sequencing to that of FISH. We found a high accuracy of calling CNAs via sequencing compared to FISH. With FISH as the gold standard, the specificity of targeted sequencing was >95%, sensitivity was >86%, positive predictive value was >90%, and negative predictive value was >84% across the clinically relevant CNAs. Using targeted sequencing, we were also able to identify other common CLL-associated CNAs, including del(6q), del(14q), and gain 8q, as well as complex karyotype, defined as the presence of 3 or more chromosomal abnormalities, in 26 patients. In a single and cost-effective assay that can be performed on stored DNA samples, targeted sequencing can simultaneously detect CNAs, somatic mutations, and complex karyotypes, which are all important prognostic features in CLL.
Catalytic Dechlorination of Three Organochlorides by Recyclable Nano-Palladium-Engineered Natural Sponge with Formic Acid
Authors: Liu Mingyue , Chen Gang , Song Zhenjun , He Zhicai , Zhong Aiguo , Cui Mei
Published: July 2024

Catalytic dechlorination of organic chlorides by palladium (Pd) with HCOOH represents one of the most effective and promising techniques for environmental remediation. In this study, we adopted alkaline-modified porous natural sponge as support of a Pd nanocatalyst (Pd@M-Sponge) and HCOOH as a hydrogen source for the hydrodechlorination of florfenicol (FF), o-chlorophenol (o-CP), and p-chlorophenol (p-CP). Favorable conversion efficiency of FF, o-CP, and p-CP was achieved at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure attributed to the small diameter and high catalytic reactivity of the prepared Pd NPs, in addition to the slight internal mass transfer limitation of the prepared Pd@M-Sponge. High reaction rate constants were obtained even in the conditions of a low molar ratio of HCOOH to p-CP (10:1) and a high concentration of p-CP (500 mg/L). The prepared catalyst also demonstrated superior recyclability without any obvious decrease in catalytic reactivity in 20 successive p-CP dechlorination cycles. This work provides an ideal recyclable and cost-effective catalyst based on renewable and biocompatible natural material for the catalytic hydrodechlorination of chlorinated organic pollutants with formic acid and a new view for the exploration and designing of highly reactive and stable catalysts for hydrodechlorination.
Correction: Avalos-de León et al. The Effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor 15 Signaling in Non-Steatotic and Steatotic Liver Transplantation from Cardiocirculatory Death. Cells 2019, 8, 1640
Authors: Avalos-de León Cindy G. , Jiménez-Castro Mónica B. , Cornide-Petronio María Eugenia , Gulfo José , Rotondo Floriana , Gracia-Sancho Jordi , Casillas-Ramírez Araní , Peralta Carmen
Published: July 2024

In the original publication [...]
Heavy Metal Interactions with Neuroglia and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Tizabi Yousef , Bennani Samia , El Kouhen Nacer , Getachew Bruk , Aschner Michael
Published: July 2024

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare but progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive decline, executive dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. It follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Thus, a child who has a parent with the mutated huntingtin (mHTT) gene has a 50% chance of developing the disease. Since the HTT protein is involved in many critical cellular processes, including neurogenesis, brain development, energy metabolism, transcriptional regulation, synaptic activity, vesicle trafficking, cell signaling, and autophagy, its aberrant aggregates lead to the disruption of numerous cellular pathways and neurodegeneration. Essential heavy metals are vital at low concentrations; however, at higher concentrations, they can exacerbate HD by disrupting glial–neuronal communication and/or causing dysbiosis (disturbance in the gut microbiota, GM), both of which can lead to neuroinflammation and further neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss in detail the interactions of iron, manganese, and copper with glial–neuron communication and GM and indicate how this knowledge may pave the way for the development of a new generation of disease-modifying therapies in HD.
Impact of Digital Media, School Problems, and Lifestyle Factors on Youth Psychosomatic Health: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Barbieri Verena , Piccoliori Giuliano , Engl Adolf , Wiedermann Christian J.
Published: July 2024

Background: Post-pandemic psychosomatic complaints in children and adolescents have been underreported. This study investigated psychosomatic complaints in children and adolescents in Northern Italy in 2023, with the aim of identifying changes in predictors and vulnerable subgroups. Methods: Cross-sectional data representative of scholars from a northern Italian province were analyzed using the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) checklist. The sum scores, count data, and dichotomized data were examined, and predictor effects were expressed using a linear regression model for the sum scores. Results: Data from 4525 participants (aged 7–19 years, 50.5% girls) were analyzed. Psychosomatic symptoms remained unchanged after the pandemic. Significant gender differences were noted, especially in older age groups, with girls reporting more complaints. Factors such as children’s health, digital media use, and school problems significantly influence psychosomatic outcomes. While migration background negatively affected girls’ psychosomatic well-being, boys showed improvement through sports. Conclusion: The psychosomatic well-being of children and adolescents did not improve after the pandemic. These findings indicate the need for targeted interventions, improved health literacy, and ongoing monitoring to support the mental well-being of this vulnerable population. Reducing screen time remains a critical strategy for enhancing youth well-being.
Agony of Choice: Caudal Block versus Ilioinguinal/Iliohypogastric Nerve Block in Unilateral Orchidopexy
Authors: Hofmann Aybike , Koller Bernhard , Vauth Franziska , Zöhrer Pirmin I. , Badelt Gregor , Rösch Wolfgang H.
Published: July 2024

Objective: This prospective study aimed to compare the efficacy of caudal block (CB) and ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block (IINB) for providing additional analgesia during unilateral orchidopexy. Methods: Seventy-one boys aged <48 months, classified as ASA I/II, were assigned into CB (n = 37) and IINB (n = 34) groups. Outcome measures included intra- and postoperative analgesic requirements, pain scores, and administration duration. Additional intraoperative analgesia was administered for a 10% increase in heart rate, while postoperative pain was assessed using the Children’s and Infants Postoperative Pain Scale (CHIPPS), with scores >4 prompting supplementary analgesia. Monitoring was extended for 24 h post-surgery. Results: CB significantly reduced the need for intraoperative (p < 0.001) and early postoperative (p = 0.008) analgesia compared to IINB. However, the CB group exhibited a slightly higher but non-significant analgesic requirement on the ward. No clinically relevant side effects were observed in either group. Conclusions: Both CB and IINB are effective and safe methods for providing regional analgesia during orchidopexy. CB demonstrates superior efficacy intraoperatively and in the early postoperative period, while IINB may offer advantages in the later recovery phase. However, additional analgesia is often required for orchidopexy, especially in outpatient settings.
A Comparison of Three Executive Function Batteries in a Preschool-Aged Sample
Authors: Kuhn Laura J. , Camerota Marie , Willoughby Michael T. , Blair Clancy
Published: July 2024

There is great interest in the development of executive function (EF) in the preschool period. Accordingly, multiple performance-based measures of EF have been developed for this age group, yet little is known about how they compare to one another. This study used a large and diverse sample of 3-to-5-year-old children (N = 846), who completed subtests of the National Institutes of Health’s Toolbox Cognition Battery (NTCB), the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV), and the EF Touch battery. Scores across the three batteries were compared and associations with age, income, and race/ethnicity were examined. Results revealed that (1) the three tasks were moderately correlated (r = 0.44–0.51, all p < 0.001), but children had higher mean accuracy scores on EF Touch than on the NTCB or the WPPSI-IV. (2) Mean accuracy scores on all batteries were linearly associated with child age (all F > 32.68, all p < 0.0001). (3) Comparisons by income and race/ethnicity showed lower accuracy for low-income children on the WPPSI-IV and lower accuracy for White children on the NTCB. Across all batteries, there was consistently lower accuracy for Hispanic children. In conclusion, the three batteries we examined performed similarly across several metrics. EF Touch may be more appropriate for younger children, while the NTCB performed well with older children.
The Effectiveness of No or Low-Dose versus High-Dose Aspirin in Treating Acute Kawasaki Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Safar Fatemah M. , Kaabi Waleed M. , Aljudaibi Reem S. , Alsaidi Lama M. , Alharbi Sarah S. , Ibrahim Areen Y. , Alghamdi Haneen A. , Alshami Noura O. , Alzoum Nora M. , Alfaya Amani Y. , Alrashed Fatema R.
Published: July 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the effectiveness of no or low-dose versus high-dose aspirin on the incidence of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance, hospital stay length, and fever duration during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease. Our review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were comprehensively searched to identify relevant studies in the literature, including observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was the incidence of CAAs. The secondary outcomes were the hospital stay length, fever duration, and IVIG resistance. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for cohort studies and Cochrane’s Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs. The data were analyzed using the Review Manager software. Twelve studies with a total of 68,495 participants met the inclusion criteria. The incidences of CAAs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64–1.34) and IVIG resistance (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.00–2.12) did not differ significantly between no or low-dose versus high-dose aspirin in treating acute KD. Moreover, the fever durations (mean difference [MD] = 3.55 h; 95% CI = −7.99–15.10) and hospital stay lengths (MD = −0.54 days; 95% CI = −2.50–1.41) were similar in the no and low-dose aspirin group compared to the high-dose aspirin group. Our review indicates that there are no significant differences in the incidences of CAA and IVIG resistance, fever durations, and hospital stay lengths between no or low-dose versus high-dose aspirin in treating the acute phase of KD.
Study on the Cutting Performance and Remaining Life Prediction of Micro-Texture Ball End Milling Cutters for Titanium Alloys
Authors: Zhang Yuhua , Fu Yongqi , Li Quanxi , Zhang Keyi , Liu Kuo
Published: July 2024

As a fundamental machining tool, the ball end milling cutter plays a crucial role in manufacturing. Due to its low thermal conductivity, the heat generated during the cutting process of titanium alloy materials is not dissipated efficiently, resulting in a substantial cutting heat. This heat leads to chip adhesion and exacerbates the wear of the ball end milling cutter, ultimately affecting its service life. Therefore, studying the residual life of the tool during the cutting process is essential to prevent significant impacts on the product’s surface quality due to tool damage and passivation. Most research on micro-texture cutters is based on experiments that analyze the wear patterns of cutters under various lubrication conditions and their influence on the cutting process. Different neural network prediction models are employed to enhance the accuracy and stability of tool life prediction models. However, the exploration of other superior models for predicting the life of micro-texture cutters remains ongoing. This paper is based on an experiment involving the milling of titanium alloy using a micro-pit-structured ball end milling cutter. It was found that the cutting force of the tool is higher during the initial and later wear stages. During the stable wear stage, the unevenness of the defective layer on the tool surface is reduced, increasing the contact area and reducing the surface pressure, thereby decreasing the cutting force. This study analyzes the influence of micro-pit structural parameters on the wear and milling force of the ball end milling cutter. By evaluating the wear value of the ball end milling cutter after each cut, the wear mechanism of the micro-texture cutter is identified. A deep-learning-based bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) neural network model for tool life prediction is developed. Through training and validation, the model’s accuracy and stability are continuously improved. A comparative analysis with different predictive models is conducted to determine whether the proposed model offers advantages over existing models, which is crucial for maximizing tool utilization and reducing manufacturing costs.
Application of Computer Calculation in the Study of Grain Boundary
Authors: Pu Longfei , Peng Chengxuan , Zhu Min , Li Yan , Li Longxian
Published: July 2024

A grain boundary (GB) is a structure of great concern in materials research, which affects the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of materials, but the microscopic thermodynamic properties of GBs cannot be explained comprehensively. In this review, we demonstrate a variety of calculation methods for GBs: density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MDs) aim to extract the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of GBs on the atomic scale, and machine learning accelerates DFT or improves the accuracy of MDs. These methods explain the microscopic properties of a GB from different perspectives and are combined by machine learning. It is hoped that this review can inspire new ideas and provide more practical applications of computer calculations in GB engineering.
RETRACTED: Khan et al. Improving the Structural, Optical and Photovoltaic Properties of Sb- and Bi- Co-Doped MAPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cell. Coatings 2022, 12, 386
Authors: Khan Muhammad Iftikhar , Mukhtar Amna , Alwadai Norah , Irfan Muhammad , Haq Ikram-ul , Albalawi Hind , Almuqrin Aljawhara H. , Almoneef Maha M. , Iqbal Munawar
Published: July 2024

The Coatings Editorial Office retracts the article entitled “Improving the Structural, Optical and Photovoltaic Properties of Sb- and Bi- Co-Doped MAPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cell” [...]
Influence of Deposition Temperature and WC Concentration on the Microstructure of Electroless Ni-P-WC Nanocomposite Coatings with Improved Hardness and Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Pedrizzetti Giulia , Genova Virgilio , Bellacci Michelangelo , Scrinzi Erica , Brotzu Andrea , Marra Francesco , Pulci Giovanni
Published: July 2024

This study aims to develop Ni-P coatings with high P content (≥11 wt.%) reinforced with WC nanoparticles on F22 steel substrates. The introduction of conductive WC in the plating solution dramatically increases reactivity of the plating solution, and consequently a tuning of deposition parameters, in terms of temperature and WC concentration, is required to obtain nanocomposite coatings with improved mechanical properties. The coatings’ porosity and incorporation and dispersion of the reinforcing phase as a function of temperature and WC concentration were analyzed by quantitative image analysis from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs. Increasing the temperature and concentration of nanoparticles leads to a faster plating rate and a dramatic increase in both porosity and agglomeration of the reinforcing phase, with detrimental effects on the coatings’ microhardness. The best compromise between coating parameters was obtained by deposition at 70 °C and 6.5 g/L of WC, with a plating rate ≈ 12 μm/h, porosity lower than 1.5%, and a good combination between particle incorporation and agglomeration. In these conditions, a hardness increase by 34% is achieved in comparison to standard Ni-P. Coatings were then heat treated in air at 200 °C for 2 h, to induce growing stress relaxation, or 400 °C for 1 h, to study effects of crystallization and precipitation. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that WC introduction does not alter the microstructure of Ni-P coatings, but delays grain growth coarsening of precipitates. Hardness improvement by 6.5% and 45% is registered after treatment at 200 °C and 400 °C, respectively. An increase in elastic modulus, measured by instrumented indentation, was found in WC-reinforced coatings compared with Ni-P. Potentiodynamic polarization tests revealed that both introduction of WC nanoparticles and heat treatment also enhance corrosion resistance.
Research on the Performance of Steel Strand-Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete with Mixed Steel Fibers and Basalt Fibers under the Salt Dry–Wet Erosion
Authors: Wang Di , Xu Zhiqiang , Cao Zihao , Xu Na , Li Chuanqi , Tian Xu , Wang Hui
Published: July 2024

In this study, the properties of steel strand-reinforced reactive powder concrete (RPC) with mixed steel fibers and basalt fibers were investigated. The volume ratios of steel fibers and basalt fibers ranged from 0% to 2%. The reinforcement ratio of steel strands was 1%. The flexural strength and toughness were measured. Moreover, the impact toughness was determined. The studies were carried out under an erosion environment with chlorides and sulfates. The electrical resistance and the ultrasonic velocity were obtained to assess the salt corrosion resistance performance of steel strand-reinforced RPC. The results show that the addition of basalt fibers and steel fibers can improve the mechanical strength, ultrasonic velocity, flexural toughness, and impact toughness and decrease the performance degradation of the steel strand-reinforced RPC under the conditions of dry–wet alternations of NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions. Basalt fibers and steel fibers can improve the steel strand-reinforced RPC’s flexural strength by rates of up to 13.1% and 28.7%, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding compressive strength increases by 10.3% and 18.3%. The flexural strength decreases by 11.2%~33.6% and 7.3%~22.7% after exposure to the NaCl and Na2SO4 dry–wet alternations. Meanwhile, the corresponding compressive strength decreases by 22.1%~38.9% and 14.6%~41.3%. The electrical resistance increases with the addition of basalt fibers and decreases with the increasing dosages of steel fibers. The steel strand-reinforced RPC with the assembly units of 1% steel fibers and 1% basalt fibers shows the optimal mechanical properties and salt resistance considering its wet–dry alternation performance. The properties of steel strand-reinforced RPC decrease more rapidly after undergoing NaCl erosion than Na2SO4 erosion.
Integrity and Privacy Assurance Framework for Remote Healthcare Monitoring Based on IoT
Authors: Alharbi Salah Hamza , Alzahrani Ali Musa , Syed Toqeer Ali , Alqahtany Saad Said
Published: July 2024

Remote healthcare monitoring (RHM) has become a pivotal component of modern healthcare, offering a crucial lifeline to numerous patients. Ensuring the integrity and privacy of the data generated and transmitted by IoT devices is of paramount importance. The integration of blockchain technology and smart contracts has emerged as a pioneering solution to fortify the security of internet of things (IoT) data transmissions within the realm of healthcare monitoring. In today’s healthcare landscape, the IoT plays a pivotal role in remotely monitoring and managing patients’ well-being. Furthermore, blockchain’s decentralized and immutable ledger ensures that all IoT data transactions are securely recorded, timestamped, and resistant to unauthorized modifications. This heightened level of data security is critical in healthcare, where the integrity and privacy of patient information are nonnegotiable. This research endeavors to harness the power of blockchain and smart contracts to establish a robust and tamper-proof framework for healthcare IoT data. Employing smart contracts, which are self-executing agreements programmed with predefined rules, enables us to automate and validate data transactions within the IoT ecosystem. These contracts execute automatically when specific conditions are met, eliminating the need for manual intervention and oversight. This automation not only streamlines the process of data processing but also enhances its accuracy and reliability by reducing the risk of human error. Additionally, smart contracts provide a transparent and tamper-proof mechanism for verifying the validity of transactions, thereby mitigating the risk of fraudulent activities. By leveraging smart contracts, organizations can ensure the integrity and efficiency of data transactions within the IoT ecosystem, leading to improved trust, transparency, and security. Our experiments demonstrate the application of a blockchain approach to secure transmissions in IoT for RHM, as will be illustrated in the paper. This showcases the practical applicability of blockchain technology in real-world scenarios.