bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activated FGF2 signaling pathway in tumor vasculature is essential for acquired resistance to anti-VEGF therapy
Authors: Ichikawa Kenji , Watanabe Miyano Saori , Minoshima Yukinori , Matsui Junji , Funahashi Yasuhiro
Published: February 2020

Anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy shows antitumor activity against various types of solid cancers. Several resistance mechanisms against anti-VEGF therapy have been elucidated; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which the acquired resistance arises. Here, we developed new anti-VEGF therapy–resistant models driven by chronic expression of the mouse VEGFR2 extracellular domain fused with the human IgG4 fragment crystallizable (Fc) region (VEGFR2-Fc). In the VEGFR2-Fc–expressing resistant tumors, we demonstrated that the FGFR2 signaling pathway was activated, and pericytes expressing high levels of FGF2 were co-localized with endothelial cells. Lenvatinib, a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor including VEGFR and FGFR inhibition, showed marked antitumor activity against VEGFR2-Fc–expressing resistant tumors accompanied with a decrease in the area of tumor vessels and suppression of phospho-FGFR2 in tumors. Our findings reveal the key role that intercellular FGF2 signaling between pericytes and endothelial cells plays in maintaining the tumor vasculature in anti-VEGF therapy–resistant tumors.
Inhibition of TGF-β signalling in combination with nal-IRI plus 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin suppresses invasion and prolongs survival in pancreatic tumour mouse models
Authors: Hong Eunji , Park Sujin , Ooshima Akira , Hong Chang Pyo , Park Jinah , Heo Jin Sun , Lee Siyoung , An Haein , Kang Jin Muk , Park Seok Hee , Park Joon Oh , Kim Seong-Jin
Published: February 2020

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. TGF-β is strongly expressed in both the epithelial and stromal compartments of PDAC, and dysregulation of TGF-β signalling is a frequent molecular disturbance in PDAC progression and metastasis. In this study, we investigated whether blockade of TGF-β signalling synergizes with nal-IRI/5-FU/LV, a chemotherapy regimen for malignant pancreatic cancer, in an orthotopic pancreatic tumour mouse model. Compared to nal-IRI/5-FU/LV treatment, combining nal-IRI/5-FU/LV with vactosertib, a TGF-β signalling inhibitor, significantly improved long-term survival rates and effectively suppressed invasion to surrounding tissues. Through RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified that the combination treatment results in robust abrogation of tumour-promoting gene signatures and positive enrichment of tumour-suppressing and apoptotic gene signatures. Particularly, the expression of tumour-suppressing gene Ccdc80 was induced by vactosertib and further induced by vactosertib in combination with nal-IRI/5-FU/LV. Ectopic expression of CCDC80 suppressed migration and colony formation concomitant with decreased expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in pancreatic cancer cells. Collectively, these results indicate that combination treatment of vactosertib with nal-IRI/5-FU/LV improves overall survival rates in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer by suppressing invasion through CCDC80. Therefore, combination therapy of nal-IRI/5-FU/LV with vactosertib could provide clinical benefits to pancreatic cancer patients.
APC controls Wnt-induced β-catenin destruction complex recruitment in human colonocytes
Authors: Parker Taybor W. , Neufeld Kristi L.
Published: February 2020

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is essential for intestinal homeostasis and is aberrantly activated in most colorectal cancers (CRC) through mutation of the tumor suppressor Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC). APC is an essential component of a cytoplasmic protein complex that targets β-catenin for destruction. Following Wnt ligand presentation, this complex is inhibited. However, a role for APC in this inhibition has not been shown. Here, we utilized Wnt3a-beads to locally activate Wnt co-receptors. In response, the endogenous β-catenin destruction complex reoriented toward the local Wnt cue in CRC cells with full-length APC, but not if APC was truncated or depleted. Non-transformed human colon epithelial cells displayed similar Wnt-induced destruction complex localization which appeared to be dependent on APC and less so on Axin. Our results expand the current model of Wnt/β-catenin signaling such that in response to Wnt, the β-catenin destruction complex: (1) maintains composition and binding to β-catenin, (2) moves toward the plasma membrane, and (3) requires full-length APC for this relocalization.
Cysteine redox state regulates human β2-adrenergic receptor binding and function
Authors: Rambacher Kalyn M. , Moniri Nader H.
Published: February 2020

Bronchoconstrictive airway disorders such as asthma are characterized by inflammation and increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which produce a highly oxidative environment. β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists are a mainstay of clinical therapy for asthma and provide bronchorelaxation upon inhalation. We have previously shown that β2AR agonism generates intracellular ROS, an effect that is required for receptor function, and which post-translationally oxidizes β2AR cysteine thiols to Cys-S-sulfenic acids (Cys-S-OH). Furthermore, highly oxidative environments can irreversibly oxidize Cys-S-OH to Cys-S-sulfinic (Cys-SO2H) or S-sulfonic (Cys-SO3H) acids, which are incapable of further participating in homeostatic redox reactions (i.e., redox-deficient). The aim of this study was to examine the vitality of β2AR-ROS interplay and the resultant functional consequences of β2AR Cys-redox in the receptors native, oxidized, and redox-deficient states. Here, we show for the first time that β2AR can be oxidized to Cys-S-OH in situ, moreover, using both clonal cells and a human airway epithelial cell line endogenously expressing β2AR, we show that receptor redox state profoundly influences β2AR orthosteric ligand binding and downstream function. Specifically, homeostatic β2AR redox states are vital toward agonist-induced cAMP formation and subsequent CREB and G-protein-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation, in addition to β-arrestin-2 recruitment and downstream arrestin-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation and internalization. On the contrary, redox-deficient β2AR states exhibit decreased ability to signal via either Gαs or β-arrestin. Together, our results demonstrate a β2AR-ROS redox axis, which if disturbed, interferes with proper receptor function.
Author Correction: Comparison of different smartphone cameras to evaluate conjunctival hyperaemia in normal subjects
Authors: Otero Carles , García-Porta Nery , Tabernero Juan , Pardhan Shahina
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A CMOS MEMS-based Membrane-Bridge Nanomechanical Sensor for Small Molecule Detection
Authors: Yen Yi-Kuang , Chiu Chao-Yuan
Published: February 2020

Small molecule compounds are necessary to detect with high sensitivity since they may cause a strong effect on the human body even in small concentrations. But existing methods used to evaluate small molecules in blood are inconvenient, costly, time-consuming, and do not allow for portable usage. In response to these shortcomings, we introduce a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor bio-microelectromechanical system (CMOS BioMEMS) based piezoresistive membrane-bridge (MB) sensor for detecting small molecule (phenytoin) concentrations as the demonstration. Phenytoin is one of anticonvulsant drugs licensed for the management of seizures, which has a narrow therapeutic window hence a level of concentration monitoring was needed. The MB sensor was designed to enhance the structural stability and increase the sensitivity, which its signal response increased 2-fold higher than that of the microcantilever-based sensor. The MB sensor was used to detect phenytoin in different concentrations from 5 to 100  μg/mL. The limit of detection of the sensor was 4.06 ± 0.15  μg/mL and the linear detection range was 5–100  μg/mL, which was within the therapeutic range of phenytoin concentration (10–20  μg/mL). Furthermore, the MB sensor was integrated with an on-chip thermal effect eliminating modus and a reaction tank on a compact chip carrier for disposable utilization. The required amount of sample solution was only 10  μL and the response time of the sensor was about 25  minutes. The nano-mechanical MB sensing method with thermal effect compensation is specific, sensitive, robust, affordable and well reproducible; it is, therefore, an appropriate candidate for detecting small molecules.
The role of procalcitonin in differential diagnosis between acute radiation pneumonitis and bacterial pneumonia in lung cancer patients receiving thoracic radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Zhiwu , Huo Bingjie , Wu Qiong , Dong Liang , Fu Haoyu , Wang Shuo , Zhang Jing
Published: February 2020

Acute Radiation Pneumonitis (ARP) is one of the most common dose-limiting toxicities of thoracic radiotherapy. The accurate diagnosis of ARP remains a challenge because of the lack of a rapid biomarker capable of differentiating ARP from bacterial pneumo (BP). The aim of this study was to investigate the potential usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT) in the differential diagnosis of ARP and BP. Lung cancer patients who had undergone thoracic radiotherapy within 6 months and were admitted to hospital for ARP or BP were retrospectively analyzed. The serum levels of PCT, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cells (WBC) were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic value of PCT, CRP and WBC in the differential diagnosis of ARP and BP and determine the best cut-off values. One hundred eighteen patients were included. Among them, seventy-seven patients were diagnosed with ARP, and 41 patients were diagnosed with BP. The PCT concentrations for patients diagnosed with ARP group were significantly lower than those in the BP group (P < 0.001). There were no differences in CRP and WBC between the two groups. The areas under the ROC curves (AUC) for PCT, CRP and WBC were 0.745, 0.589 and 0.578, respectively. The best cutoff values of PCT, CRP and WBC were 0.47 μg/L, 54.5 mg/L and 9.9 × 109/L, respectively. Low serum PCT levels are associated with ARP. PCT is a useful biomarker to distinguish ARP from BP.
Author Correction: Near-infrared tunable metalens based on phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5
Authors: Bai Wei , Yang Ping , Huang Jie , Chen Dingbo , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Zhaojian , Yang Junbo , Xu Bing
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A lab-on-a-chip for free-flow electrophoretic preconcentration of viruses and gel electrophoretic DNA extraction
Authors: Hügle Matthias , Behrmann Ole , Raum Madlen , Hufert Frank T. , Urban Gerald A. , Dame Gregory
Published: February 2020

A lab-on-a-chip for FFE preconcentration of viruses and gel electrophoretic DNA extraction: complete preparation of amplifiable DNA from dilute specimens.
Thermal control of SZ2080 photopolymerization in four-beam interference lithography
Authors: Prielaidas Žygimantas , Juodkazis Saulius , Stankevičius Evaldas
Published: February 2020

Photopolymerization by four-beam interference lithography on a preheated SZ2080 sample was explored at different initial temperatures of the sample: 20 °C, 50 °C, 75 °C, 100 °C, 125 °C, and 150 °C, and at exposure times ranging from 0.5 s to 5 s.
Effect of the carrier material, drying technology and dissolution media on the viability ofLactobacillus fermentumK73 during simulated gastrointestinal transit
Authors: Aragón-Rojas Stephania , Hernández-Álvarez Alan J. , Mainville Isabelle , Arcand Yves , Quintanilla-Carvajal María X.
Published: February 2020

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of the carrier material, drying technology and dissolution media during the passage ofL. fermentumK73 through a dynamicin vitrodigestion system (IViDiS).
Food prototype containing resistant starch type 4 on postprandial glycemic response in healthy adults
Authors: Du Yujie , Wu Yihong , Xiao Di , Guzman Gabriela , Stewart Maria L. , Gourineni Vishnupriya , Burton-Freeman Britt , Edirisinghe Indika
Published: February 2020

Inclusion of resistant starch type 4 (RS4 – 10 g and 20 g) into a cereal bar test product did not change postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in a healthy population.
Environmental assessment of the near-net-shape electrochemical metallisation process and the Kroll-electron beam melting process for titanium manufacture
Authors: Dolganov Aleksei , Bishop Matthew T. , Tomatis Marco , Chen George Z. , Hu Di
Published: February 2020

A comparative environmental assessment of a novel additive manufacturing technique against the established conventional route for titanium manufacture.
Heterobimetallic Ru(ii)/Fe(ii) complexes as potent anticancer agents against breast cancer cells, inducing apoptosis through multiple targets
Authors: Guedes Adriana Pereira Mundim , Mello-Andrade Francyelli , Pires Wanessa Carvalho , de Sousa Maria Alice Montes , da Silva Paula Francinete Faustino , de Camargo Mariana S , Gemeiner Hendryk , Amauri Menegário A , Gomes Cardoso Clever , de Melo Reis Paulo Roberto , Silveira-Lacerda Elisângela de Paula , Batista Alzir A
Published: February 2020

Antimetastatic activity, high selectivity and cytotoxicity for human tumor cell lines make ruthenium(ii) complexes attractive for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. In this study, cytotoxic activities and the possible mechanism of cell death induced by three ruthenium complexes were evaluated, [Ru(MIm)(bipy)(dppf)]PF6 (1), [RuCl(Im)(bipy)(dppf)]PF6 (2) and [Ru(tzdt)(bipy)(dppf)]PF6 (3). The results showed high cytotoxicity and selectivity indexes for the human triple-negative breast tumor cell line (MDA-MB-231) with IC50 value and selectivity index for complex 1 (IC50 = 0.33 ± 0.03 μM, SI = 4.48), complex 2 (IC50 = 0.80 ± 0.06 μM, SI = 2.31) and complex 3 (IC50 = 0.48 ± 0.02 μM, SI = 3.87). The mechanism of cell death induced in MDA-MB-231 cells, after treatment with complexes 1–3, indicated apoptosis of the cells as a consequence of the increase in the percentage of cells in the Sub-G1 phase in the cell cycle analysis, characteristic morphological changes and the presence of apoptotic cells labeled with Annexin-V. Multiple targets of action were identified for complexes 1 and 3 with an induction of DNA damage in cells treated with complexes 1 and 3, mitochondrial depolarization with a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in reactive oxygen species levels and increased expression levels of caspase 3 and p53. In addition, antimetastatic activities for complexes 1 and 3 were observed by inhibition of cell migration by the wound healing assay and Boyden chamber assay, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis caused by MDA-MB-231 tumor cells in the CAM model.
A novel nanostructure to achieve ultrahigh strength and good tensile ductility of a CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy
Authors: Xie Yuehuang , Xia Tian , Zhou Dengshan , Luo Yifei , Zeng Wei , Zhang Zhen , Wang Jun , Liang Jiamiao , Zhang Deliang
Published: February 2020

A novel nanostructure consisting of ultrafine grains, nanoparticles and nanotwins to achieve ultrahigh strength and good ductility of a CoCrFeNiMn alloy.
Formal enantioselective synthesis of nhatrangin A
Authors: Feuillastre Sophie , Raffier Ludovic , Pelotier Béatrice , Piva Olivier
Published: February 2020

A new and straightforward synthesis of the C1–C7 core fragment of nhatrangin A was achieved in 14 steps from achiral 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, without the need of chiral reagents or enzymatic resolution to introduce the chiral centers.
Simultaneous removal of multiple heavy metals from soil by washing with citric acid and ferric chloride
Authors: Shi Jiyan , Pang Jingli , Liu Qinglin , Luo Yating , Ye Jien , Xu Qiao , Long Bibo , Ye Binhui , Yuan Xiaofeng
Published: February 2020

Citric acid and ferric chloride exhibited synergistic effect on the removal of multiple heavy metals from soil.
Chitosan-grafted-poly(aniline-co-anthranilic acid) as a water soluble binder to form 3D structures for Si anodes
Authors: Kim Eunsoo , K. K. Rajeev , Nam Jaebin , Mun Junyoung , Kim Tae-Hyun
Published: February 2020

We develop a polymeric binder with outstanding cell properties, and high water solubility for Si anodes by grafting a conductive PAAA onto chitosan.
Soft interface design for electrokinetic energy conversion
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhan Kan , Wang Shuli , Hou Xu
Published: February 2020

This article reviews the development of the design of soft interfaces in electrokinetic energy conversion and their applications.
Active-targeting and acid-sensitive pluronic prodrug micelles for efficiently overcoming MDR in breast cancer
Authors: Xu Cheng , Xu Jiaxi , Zheng Yan , Fang Qin , Lv Xiaodong , Wang Xin , Tang Rupei
Published: February 2020

The mechanism of pluronic-based prodrug micelles self-assembly, drug delivery and anti-MDRin vivo.
A photocontrolled and self-powered bipedal DNA walking machine for intracellular microRNA imaging
Authors: Liu Chang , Hu Yanlei , Pan Qingshan , Yi Jintao , Zhang Juan , He Manman , He Mengyun , Nie Cunpeng , Chen Tingting , Chu Xia
Published: February 2020

A photocontrolled and self-powered bipedal DNA walking machine for intracellular microRNA imaging has been reported.
Bio-inspired assembly in a phospholipid bilayer: effective regulation of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions for plasma membrane specific probes
Authors: Shi Lei , Li Kun , Liu Yan-Hong , Liu Xin , Zhou Qian , Xu Qi , Chen Shan-Yong , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: February 2020

A simple assembly system of phospholipid bilayer and probesviaelectrostatic and hydrophobic interactions was constructed.
Correction: Influence of residual water and cation acidity on the ionic transport mechanism in proton-conducting ionic liquids
Authors: Lin Jingjing , Wang Liming , Zinkevich Tatiana , Indris Sylvio , Suo Yanpeng , Korte Carsten
Published: February 2020

Correction for ‘Influence of residual water and cation acidity on the ionic transport mechanism in proton-conducting ionic liquids’ by Jingjing Lin et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, 22, 1145–1153.
A simple and effective approach to fabricate lignin nanoparticles with tunable sizes based on lignin fractionation
Authors: Ma Mingshuai , Dai Lin , Xu Jikun , Liu Zhong , Ni Yonghao
Published: February 2020

The present study combines nanotechnology with the fractionation technique and presents a facile method for preparing LNPs with desired uniform and small size and lignin valorization.
Novel layered Bi3MoMTO9 (MT = Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) thin films with tunable multifunctionalities
Authors: Gao Xingyao , Li Leigang , Zhang Di , Wang Xuejing , Jian Jie , He Zihao , Wang Haiyan
Published: February 2020

Bi3MoMTO9 (MT, transition metals of Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) thin films with pillar-in-matrix form have been deposited. Room temperature multiferroism as well as anisotropic ferromagnetic and optical properties have been demonstrated.
Single-photon upconversion in 6-pentaceneone crystal from bulk to ultrathin flakes
Authors: Huang Yue-E , Wang Xing-Zhi , Hu Peng , Qi Xing-Hui , Huang Xiao-Ying , Kloc Christian , Wu Xiaohui , Du Ke-Zhao
Published: February 2020

Phonon-assisted single-photon upconversion was first discovered in a new 6-pentaceneone crystal, which can be mechanically exfoliated layer by layer.
Visible-light-promoted acyl radical cascade reaction for accessing acylated isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione derivatives
Authors: Su Yingpeng , Zhang Rong , Xue Wenxuan , Liu Xuan , Zhao Yanan , Wang Ke-Hu , Huang Danfeng , Huo Congde , Hu Yulai
Published: February 2020

A visible-light-promoted radical acylation/cyclization cascade reaction ofN-methacryloylbenzamides with α-keto acids was developed to construct acylated isoquinoline-dione derivatives.
Dimension of distribution system security region: concept, calculation and application
Authors: Xiao Jun , Su Yabei , Zhang Han
Published: February 2020

This study proposes the concept, calculation and application of dimension of distribution system security region (DSSR). Two forms of DSSR dimension are presented: one is named binary dimension; the other is called unary dimension. First, the binary dimension is defined as the number of security boundaries and the number of variables in them. A method based on main transformers connection vector can obtain binary dimension without listing model expressions of DSSR. Second, the unary dimension is proposed, which uses a single value in the form of Ne × Ne to describe the scale. This form is convenient to compare the scale of different DSSRs. Moreover, a method based on association matrix is also presented. Third, a case is used to illustrate proposed definitions and methods. The relationship between distribution network and its DSSR dimension is analysed separately. Finally, the application of DSSR dimension is discussed. The unary dimension is applied to solve the problem of large‐scale combinations for two‐dimensional observation on DSSR. Any two feeders are possible to be combined, but many combinations are unnecessary. By the proposed method, the combinations that are really needed can be accurately obtained, and the use of DSSR is simplified.
Neue Rechtslage für Mahlzeitersatz und Tagesrationen
Authors: Bode Volker , Pahne Norbert
Published: February 2020

Sogenannte „Lebensmittel für eine kalorienarme Ernährung zur Gewichtsverringerung“, landläufig auch als „Formuladiäten“ bezeichnet, sind anerkannte Maßnahmen in der Gewichtsreduktion. Dazu zählen die Produktkategorien „Mahlzeitersatz“ und „Tagesrationen“, deren Anforderungen in Europa und so auch in Deutschland im Detail vorgeschrieben sind. Bisher waren diese Produkte im europäischen Diätrecht bzw. in der deutschen Diätverordnung (DiätV) genau geregelt. Mit der Revision des europäischen Diätrechts, welche 2011 eingeläutet wurde, wurde das Konzept der „diätetischen Lebensmittel“ durch das Konzept für „Lebensmittel für spezielle Verbrauchergruppen“ – sogenannte FSG-Produkte – ersetzt. Diese Neuregelungen betreffen auch im vollen Umfang „Lebensmittel für eine kalorienarme Ernährung zur Gewichtsverringerung“. Für Mahlzeitersatz und Tagesrationen ergeben sich damit gravierende Änderungen hinsichtlich Zusammensetzung, Verwendungsdauer sowie Zielgruppen.

Für Tagesrationen wurden neue und detaillierte Anforderungen über einen delegierten Rechtsakt festgelegt. Darin wurde die Zielgruppe der Produkte neu festgelegt, auch gibt es maßgebliche Änderungen hinsichtlich des Makro- und Mikronährstoffgehalts. Zudem sind zukünftig keine gesundheits- und nährwertbezogenen Angaben mehr möglich. Produkte, die zur Kategorie Mahlzeitersatz gehören, sollen nur noch als „Lebensmittel des allgemeinen Verzehrs“ angesehen werden. Damit wird der Verbund dieser beiden Produktgruppen aufgelöst. Mahlzeitersatzprodukte erfahren eine deutliche Einschränkung, da der Begriff Mahlzeit neu definiert wurde. Auch ergeben sich deutliche Änderungen bei den Mikronährstoffen. Des Weiteren verbleiben erhebliche Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich des Einsatzes von Zusatzstoffen. Neben den technologischen Herausforderungen für die Hersteller, ist auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit dieser Produkte zu prüfen. Im Rahmen der konservativen Adipositastherapie wäre eine Aufgabe dieser Produkte ein großer Verlust für Ärzte und Patienten. Daher ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, dass sich die Fachkreise für diese Produktgruppen einsetzen.
Arteriosklerose und Koronare Herzerkrankung
Authors: Bös Dorothee
Published: February 2020

Heilpilze werden aufgrund ihrer wertvollen therapeutisch wirksamen Inhaltsstoffe als „Medicinal Mushrooms“ zunehmend erforscht und eingesetzt. Insbesondere in der Behandlung der zahlreichen Zivilisationserkrankungen haben sich gute Anwendungsergebnisse gezeigt. Die Mykotherapie bei Arteriosklerose/KHK setzt sehr vielschichtig und bei beinahe allen Ursachen an. Zudem können mit der richtigen Heilpilzauswahl Begleitsymptome therapeutisch berücksichtigt werden.

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zu den wichtigsten Heilpilzen bei Arteriosklerose und KHK.
Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Difunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Ping Yuanyuan , Kong Wangqing
Published: February 2020

Alkene difunctionalization represents one of the most efficient methods to synthesize highly functionalized molecules from simple and readily available starting materials. In contrast to the well-established redox-neutral alkene difunctionalization reactions, reductive alkene difunctionalization, which simultaneously introduces two electrophiles on both sides of the double bond, has been much less developed, especially in enantioselective manner. This review summarizes recent advances in the nickel-catalyzed reductive difunctionalization of alkenes and highlights the enantioselective transformations.

1 Introduction

2 Nickel-Catalyzed Racemic Reductive Difunctionalization of Alkenes

3 Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Difunctionalization of Alkenes

3.1 Diarylation of Alkenes

3.2 Aryl-alkenylation of Alkenes

3.3 Aryl-monofluoroalkenylation of Alkenes

3.4 Reductive Cyclization/Coupling with Alkynyl Bromides or Asymmetric Internal Alkynes

3.5 Aryl-alkylation of Alkenes

3.6 Aryl-amination of Alkenes

4 Summary and Outlook
Promoting Quality Face-to-Face Communication during Ophthalmology Encounters in the Electronic Health Record Era
Authors: Baxter Sally L. , Gali Helena E. , Chiang Michael F. , Hribar Michelle R. , Ohno-Machado Lucila , El-Kareh Robert , Huang Abigail E. , Chen Heather E. , Camp Andrew S. , Kikkawa Don O. , Korn Bobby S. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Longhurst Christopher A. , Millen Marlene
Published: February 2020

Objective To evaluate informatics-enabled quality improvement (QI) strategies for promoting time spent on face-to-face communication between ophthalmologists and patients.

Methods This prospective study involved deploying QI strategies during implementation of an enterprise-wide vendor electronic health record (EHR) in an outpatient academic ophthalmology department. Strategies included developing single sign-on capabilities, activating mobile- and tablet-based applications, EHR personalization training, creating novel workflows for team-based orders, and promoting problem-based charting to reduce documentation burden. Timing data were collected during 648 outpatient encounters. Outcomes included total time spent by the attending ophthalmologist on the patient, time spent on documentation, time spent on examination, and time spent talking with the patient. Metrics related to documentation efficiency, use of personalization features, use of team-based orders, and note length were also measured from the EHR efficiency portal and compared with averages for ophthalmologists nationwide using the same EHR.

Results Time spent on exclusive face-to-face communication with patients initially decreased with EHR implementation (2.9 to 2.3 minutes, p = 0.005) but returned to the paper baseline by 6 months (2.8 minutes, p = 0.99). Observed participants outperformed national averages of ophthalmologists using the same vendor system on documentation time per appointment, number of customized note templates, number of customized order lists, utilization of team-based orders, note length, and time spent after-hours on EHR use.

Conclusion Informatics-enabled QI interventions can promote patient-centeredness and face-to-face communication in high-volume outpatient ophthalmology encounters. By employing an array of interventions, time spent exclusively talking with the patient returned to levels equivalent to paper charts by 6 months after EHR implementation. This was achieved without requiring EHR redesign, use of scribes, or excessive after-hours work. Documentation efficiency can be achieved using interventions promoting personalization and team-based workflows. Given their efficacy in preserving face-to-face physician–patient interactions, these strategies may help alleviate risk of physician burnout.
Experimental study of hot electron generation in shock ignition relevant high-intensity regime with large scale hot plasmas
Authors: Zhang S. , Krauland C. M. , Peebles J. , Li J. , Beg F. N. , Alexander N. , Theobald W. , Betti R. , Haberberger D. , Campbell E. M. , Yan R. , Borwick E. , Ren C. , Wei M. S.
Published: February 2020

In the shock ignition (SI) laser fusion scheme, hot electrons generated by the laser spike pulse can either preheat the fuel or strengthen the ignition shock, depending on the hot electron characteristics. We conducted a planar target experiment on the OMEGA-EP laser facility and characterized the temperature and total energy of hot electrons generated from a kilojoule-class 100-ps infrared (IR) or a 1-ns ultraviolet (UV) laser interacting with a large (Ln∼330−450 μm) and hot (Te∼1−2 keV) coronal plasma at the SI-relevant intensities (∼1016 W/cm2). The IR laser converts ∼2.5% energy into hot electrons with Thot∼ 60–90 keV, while the UV laser couples 0.8% ± 0.7% energy into Thot=27 ± 9 keV hot electrons. The IR-produced hot electrons yield five times higher Cu Kα emission than the UV case, confirming the higher electron conversion efficiency with the IR laser. The low energy conversion from the UV laser to hot electrons may be due to the refraction of the off-normal incident laser in the large coronal plasma. These findings are the first comparisons of hot electron generation between the IR and UV pulses at kilojoule scales in SI-relevant large-scale plasmas. The findings may expand the SI design space to include IR lasers as the possible spike lasers.
Implementation of a Talbot–Lau x-ray deflectometer diagnostic platform for the OMEGA EP laser
Authors: Valdivia M. P. , Stutman D. , Stoeckl C. , Mileham C. , Zou J. , Muller S. , Kaiser K. , Sorce C. , Keiter P. A. , Fein J. R. , Trantham M. , Drake R. P. , Regan S. P.
Published: February 2020

A Talbot–Lau X-ray Deflectometer (TXD) was implemented in the OMEGA EP laser facility to characterize the evolution of an irradiated foil ablation front by mapping electron densities >1022 cm−3 by means of Moiré deflectometry. The experiment used a short-pulse laser (30–100 J, 10 ps) and a foil copper target as an x-ray backlighter source. In the first experimental tests performed to benchmark the diagnostic platform, grating survival was demonstrated and x-ray backlighter laser parameters that deliver Moiré images were described. The necessary modifications to accurately probe the ablation front through TXD using the EP-TXD diagnostic platform are discussed.
Spectral linewidth reduction of quantum cascade lasers by strong optical feedback
Authors: Wang Xing-Guang , Zhao Bin-Bin , Grillot Frédéric , Wang Cheng
Published: February 2020

In this work, we propose to employ strong optical feedback to narrow the spectral linewidth of quantum cascade lasers without using any phase control. Rate equation analysis demonstrates that optical feedback beyond a certain level always reduces the laser linewidth for any feedback phase. It is also found that the linewidth becomes less sensitive to the feedback phase for higher feedback strength. Simulations show that optical feedback with a feedback ratio of −10 dB can suppress the laser linewidth by about two orders of magnitude. This is in contrast to near-infrared laser diodes, which can be easily destabilized by strong feedback.
Tricorn-like structures in an optically injected semiconductor laser
Authors: Chávez C. Abraham T. , Curilef Sergio
Published: February 2020

This study reports the existence of tricorn-like structures of stable periodic orbits in the parameter plane of an optically injected semiconductor laser model (a continuous-time dynamical system). These tricorns appear inside tongue-like structures that are created through simple Shi’lnikov bifurcations. As the linewidth enhancement factor-α of the laser increases, these tongues invade the laser locking zone and extends over the zone of stable period-1 orbits. This invasion provokes a rich overlap dynamics of the parameter planes that produces an abundant multistability. As α increases, the tricorn exhibits a phenomenon of codimension-3 rotating in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions in the plane of the injected field rate K vs its detuning ω. We hope that the numerical evidence of the tricorns presented herein motivates the study of mathematical conditions for their genesis. We also encourage the experimental verification of these tricorn-like structures because our results also open new possibilities for optical switching between several different laser outputs in the neighborhood of these structures.
Analytical model of plasma response to external magnetic perturbation in absence of no-slip condition
Authors: Huang Wenlong , Zhu Ping
Published: February 2020

Recent simulation and experimental results suggest that the magnetic island and flow on a resonant surface often do not satisfy the “no-slip” condition in the steady state. A new theoretical model on a nonlinear plasma response to external magnetic perturbation in the absence of a no-slip condition is proposed. The model is composed of the equations for the evolution of both the width and phase of the magnetic island due to forced reconnection driven by the external magnetic perturbation, and the force-balance equation for the plasma flow. When the island width is much less than the resistive layer width, the island growth is governed by the linear Hahm–Kulsrud–Taylor solution in the presence of time-dependent plasma flow. In the other regime when the island width is much larger than the resistive layer width, the evolution of both the island width and phase can be described using the Rutherford theory. The island solution is used to construct the quasi-linear electromagnetic force, which, together with the viscous one, contributes to the nonlinear variation in plasma flow. The no-slip condition assumed in the conventional error field theory is not imposed here, where the island oscillation frequency depends on but does not necessarily equal to the plasma flow frequency at the rational surface.
Differential luminescent imaging method
Authors: Hayashi Tatsunori , Sakaue Hirotaka
Published: February 2020

Luminescent imaging is an area of active research for obtaining physical and chemical properties of a flow. Oxygen-sensitive luminescent probes are used as pressure-sensitive paints to capture unsteady flow over a fluid dynamic surface. The luminescent output is acquired by a photo-sensitive imaging chip, such as CCD and CMOS. Because these imaging chips acquire a digital signal, luminescent imaging is a poor technique for the measurement of small changes in the signal, which is equivalent to or lower than the noise level. A differential luminescent imaging method is studied to capture small fluctuations in a signal level. A theoretical model to describe the differential method is introduced and validated by experiments. Based on the static characterization, it is shown that the differential method possessed its sensitivity to capture fluctuations as small as 0.002% of the mean signal, which is an improvement in sensitivity by a factor of 81 as compared to the conventional luminescent imaging method.
Reduced spin torque nano-oscillator linewidth using He+ irradiation
Authors: Jiang Sheng , Khymyn Roman , Chung Sunjae , Le Tuan Quang , Diez Liza Herrera , Houshang Afshin , Zahedinejad Mohammad , Ravelosona Dafiné , Åkerman Johan
Published: February 2020

We demonstrate an approach for improving the spectral linewidth of a spin torque nano-oscillator (STNO). Using He+ ion irradiation, we tune the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of the STNO free layer such that its easy axis is gradually varied from strongly out-of-plane to moderate in-plane. As the PMA impacts the non-linearity N of the STNO, we can, in this way, control the threshold current, the current tunability of the frequency, and, in particular, the STNO linewidth, which dramatically improves by two orders of magnitude. Our results are in good agreement with the theory for nonlinear auto-oscillators, confirm theoretical predictions of the role of the nonlinearity, and demonstrate a straightforward path toward improving the microwave properties of STNOs.
Origin of selective enhancement of sharp defect emission lines in monolayer WSe2 on rough metal substrate
Authors: Chaudhary Raghav , Raghunathan Varun , Majumdar Kausik
Published: February 2020

The defect states in atomically thin layers of transition metal dichalcogenides are promising candidates for single photon emission. However, the brightness of such quantum emission is often weak and is accompanied by undesirable effects such as spectral diffusion and strong background emission. By placing a monolayer WSe2 directly on a rough gold substrate, here, we show a selective enhancement of sharp defect-bound exciton peaks, coupled with a suppressed spectral diffusion and strong quenching of background luminescence. By combining the experimental data with detailed electromagnetic simulations, we reveal that such selective luminescence enhancement originates from a combination of the Purcell effect and a wavelength dependent increment of the excitation electric field at the tips of tall rough features, coupled with a localized strain-induced exciton funneling effect. Notably, insertion of a thin hexagonal boron nitride sandwich layer between WSe2 and the Au film results in a strong enhancement of the background luminescence, obscuring the sharp defect peaks. The findings demonstrate a simple strategy of using monolayer WSe2 supported by a patterned metal film that offers a possibility of achieving quantum light sources with high purity, high brightness, and suppressed spectral diffusion.
Increased droplet coalescence using electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD)
Authors: Högnadóttir Sara , Kristinsson Kristófer , Thormar Hans Guttormur , Leosson Kristjan
Published: February 2020

Small-scale electrodes and gaps subjected to repeated short bursts of AC voltage were used to improve droplet coalescence and growth for water harvesting by actively bashing smaller droplets together to form larger ones. Several different electrode patterns were tested under the same conditions. The results indicate that condensation on a cooled flat surface was increased using electrowetting (EW) by accelerating the slow coalescence process where smaller droplets join to form larger droplets and leave behind a dry surface for new droplets to form. A pattern consisting of 100-μm wide interdigitated electrodes separated by 100-μm gaps showed the fastest growth in droplet size. The largest droplets formed with such a pattern had approximately 30 times larger volume than the largest droplets formed on the surface when electrowetting was not applied. Finer patterns exhibited a larger overall condensation rate, where the electrowetting method showed up to a 56% increase in overall water condensation.
A higher-order topological insulator with wide bandgaps in Lamb-wave systems
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wei Qi , Xu Heng-Yi , Wu Da-Jian
Published: February 2020

We demonstrate that higher-order topological insulators with C4 symmetry can be realized in two-dimensional elastic phononic crystals. Both one-dimensional topological edge states and zero-dimensional topological corner states are visualized and can transform each other by tuning the crystalline symmetry in a hierarchical structure. The systematic band structure calculations indicate that elastic wave energy in the hierarchical structures can be localized with remarkable robustness, which is very promising for new generations of integrated solid-state phononic circuits with a great versatility. In addition, the corner states residing in a much wider bandgap greatly increase the signal-to-noise ratio of topological devices.
Magnetic anisotropy controlled FeCoSiB thin films for surface acoustic wave magnetic field sensors
Authors: Schell Viktor , Müller Cai , Durdaut Phillip , Kittmann Anne , Thormählen Lars , Lofink Fabian , Meyners Dirk , Höft Michael , McCord Jeffrey , Quandt Eckhard
Published: February 2020

Surface acoustic wave magnetic field sensors based on guided Love waves using the ΔE effect of a magnetostrictive thin film have been shown to be promising candidates for the measurement of weak fields at low frequencies as required for biomagnetic applications or as current sensors benefitting from the large dynamic range and bandwidth. The deposition of soft magnetic films with high magnetostriction is, however, more challenging on piezoelectric substrates such as quartz than on silicon. Thermally induced anisotropic expansion during the deposition process or during post-deposition magnetic field annealing leads to uniaxial stresses acting on the films, which makes the precise control of magnetic anisotropy difficult. Accordingly, this work analyzes the influence of the deposition process and heat treatment on the performance of Love wave devices. ST-cut quartz based delay line surface acoustic wave sensors with a SiO2 guiding layer are employed, and a 200 nm layer of amorphous magnetostrictive (Fe90Co10)78Si12B10 is used as the sensitive element. Magneto-optical imaging is performed for magnetic domain characterization, and the sensor performance is characterized in terms of bias field dependent phase sensitivity and frequency dependent phase noise. By performing a low temperature deposition in an external magnetic field, considerable improvement in limits of detection at biomagnetic relevant frequencies down to 70 pT/Hz at 10 Hz and 25 pT/Hz at 100 Hz is achieved.
Crystal structures and pressure-induced phase transformations of LiAlH4: A first-principles study
Authors: Keyen Ukrit , Nimmanpipug Piyarat , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran
Published: February 2020

Given the fact that lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) can exist in distinct crystalline structures under different conditions, in this study, we aim to theoretically investigate the structural properties and the pressure-induced phase transformations of its 13 closely related crystal structures by means of the density functional theory (DFT). The present study reveals that the phase transformation of LiAlH4 from the most stable form (α-phase) to the second most stable form (β-phase) occurs at approximately 3.3 GPa, corresponding to a volume collapse of ∼14% and a reduction of 22% in the crystal volume. Due to the relatively higher hydrogen weight content, β-LiAlH4 becomes a potentially attractive candidate for solid-state hydrogen storage at moderate pressures. The two most stable forms, i.e., the structures with the (i) P21/c (α-LiAlH4) and (ii) I41/a (β-LiAlH4) space groups, have been selected so that their structural and electronic properties can be discussed in greater detail. Our study also shows that the numerical results are greatly influenced by the choice of the DFT methods used, such as the exchange-correlation functionals and optimization schemes.
Comparison of size-dependent characteristics of blue and green InGaN microLEDs down to 1
μ
m in diameter
Authors: Smith Jordan M. , Ley Ryan , Wong Matthew S. , Baek Yong Hyun , Kang Ji Hun , Kim Chae Hon , Gordon Michael J. , Nakamura Shuji , Speck James S. , DenBaars Steven P.
Published: February 2020

There is growing interest in microLED devices with lateral dimensions between 1 and 10 μm. However, reductions in external quantum efficiency (EQE) due to increased nonradiative recombination at the surface become an issue at these sizes. Previous attempts to study size-dependent EQE trends have been limited to dimensions above 5 μm, partly due to fabrication challenges. Here, we present size-dependent EQE data for InGaN microLEDs down to 1 μm in diameter fabricated using a process that only utilizes standard semiconductor processing techniques (i.e., lithography and etching). Furthermore, differences in EQE trends for blue and green InGaN microLEDs are compared. Green wavelength devices prove to be less susceptible to reductions in efficiency with the decreasing size; consequently, green devices attain higher EQEs than blue devices below 10 μm despite lower internal quantum efficiencies in the bulk material. This is explained by smaller surface recombination velocities with the increasing indium content due to enhanced carrier localization.
Fe2Ta thin films offer a rare earth free solution for magnetic refrigeration
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: February 2020

Free of rare earth elements, Fe 2 Ta thin films demonstrate unique magnetic and magnetocaloric properties and show potential as an alternative for refrigeration technology materials.
Infinite transitivity for Calogero-Moser spaces
Authors: Kuyumzhiyan Karine
Published: February 2020

We prove the conjecture of Berest-Eshmatov-Eshmatov by showing that the group of automorphisms of a product of Calogero-Moser spaces

C

n
i

\mathcal {C}_{n_i}

, where the

n
i

n_i

are pairwise distinct, acts

m
m

-transitively for each 

m
m

.
Approximation forte sur un produit de variétés abéliennes épointé en des points de torsion
Authors: Liang Yongqi
Published: February 2020

Consider strong approximation for algebraic varieties defined over a number field

k
k

. Let

S
S

be a finite set of places of

k
k

containing all archimedean places. Let

E
E

be an elliptic curve of positive Mordell–Weil rank and let

A
A

be an abelian variety of positive dimension and of finite Mordell–Weil group. For an arbitrary finite set

T

\mathfrak {T}

of torsion points of

E
×
A

E\times A

, denote by

X
X

its complement. Supposing the finiteness of

⨿

⨿

(
E
×
A
)

{\amalg \kern -.25pc\amalg } (E\times A)

, we prove that

X
X

satisfies strong approximation with Brauer–Manin obstruction off

S
S

if and only if the projection of

T

\mathfrak {T}

to

A
A

contains no

k
k

-rational points.
Improvements of upper curvature bounds
Authors: Lytchak Alexander , Stadler Stephan
Published: February 2020

We prove that upper curvature bounds in the sense of Alexandrov can be improved locally by using appropriate conformal changes. As a new technical tool we derive a generalization to metric spaces and semi-convex functions of the classical differential geometric property that compositions of harmonic maps with convex functions are subharmonic.
The effect of curvature in fractional Hardy–Sobolev inequality involving the spectral Dirichlet Laplacian
Authors: Ustinov Nikita
Published: February 2020

We prove the attainability of the best constant in the fractional Hardy–Sobolev inequality with a boundary singularity for the spectral Dirichlet Laplacian. The main assumption is the average concavity of the boundary at the origin.
Analysis of a 3D nonlinear, moving boundary problem describing fluid-mesh-shell interaction
Authors: Čanić Sunčica , Galić Marija , Muha Boris
Published: February 2020

We consider a nonlinear, moving boundary, fluid-structure interaction problem between a time-dependent incompressible, viscous fluid flow, and an elastic structure composed of a cylindrical shell supported by a mesh of elastic rods. The fluid flow is modeled by the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations in a three-dimensional cylindrical domain, while the lateral wall of the cylinder is modeled by the two-dimensional linearly elastic Koiter shell equations coupled to a one-dimensional system of conservation laws defined on a graph domain, describing a mesh of curved rods. The mesh-supported shell allows displacements in all three spatial directions. Two-way coupling based on kinematic and dynamic coupling conditions is assumed between the fluid and composite structure, and between the mesh of curved rods and Koiter shell. Problems of this type arise in many applications, including blood flow through arteries treated with vascular prostheses called stents. We prove the existence of a weak solution to this nonlinear, moving boundary problem by using the time discretization via a Lie operator splitting method combined with an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach, and a nontrivial extension of the Aubin-Lions-Simon compactness result to problems on moving domains.