bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of concrete composed of sintered fly ash lightweight aggregate
Authors: Risdanareni Puput , Jaya Ekaputri Januarti , Maulidiyawati Ike , Puspitasari Poppy
Published: August 2018

This paper investigates the effect of sintered fly ash lightweight aggregate as coarse aggregate substitution on the mechanical properties of concrete. The lightweight aggregate (LWA) was produced using the cold bonded method and then sintered at a temperature of 900°C. An alkaliactivated system was applied as a binding agent of the LWA. Fly ash was used as precursor while sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were employed as alkali activators. Three variations of the LWA dosage were performed, which were 0%, 50%, and 100 % of the volume of coarse aggregate in the concrete mixture. The mechanical properties of the concrete investigated in this research are the compressive strength and split tensile strength. The result showed that the mechanical properties of the concrete slightly decrease along with the increased dosage of the LWA in the mixture. However, employing sintered fly ash the LWA is proven as an effective solution in reducing the concrete density without sacrificing its strength.
The effect of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) with surface treatment on concrete mechanical properties
Authors: Tri Atmajayanti Anggun , Daniel Saragih G. Chrisyanto , Haryanto Yanuar
Published: August 2018

This paper discusses the recycling system for concrete needed due to environmental and resource preservation issues. Construction and demolition waste is one problem faced in the construction site. One feasible solution to overcome this problem is by utilizing construction and demolition waste as a recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). This study aims to observe concrete mechanical properties using RCA with surface treatment. Acrylic-based material is used to treat the surface of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) by spraying it from two sides. It is found that the recycled aggregate with surface treatment may reduce water absorption from 7.96% to 2.96%. In addition, the concrete using RCA with surface treatment may improve the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and split tensile strength.
The use of grinded andesite-sand and foaming-agent to improve the porosity of foam-concrete
Authors: Erwin Rommel , Yunan Rusdianto , Kiki Ruris Dawara , S Tri Eddy
Published: August 2018

There has been an increase in the demand for the use of green concrete in construction. Foam concrete is a lightweight concrete type that has the characteristics of being lightweight, low-strength, highly porous with a high absorption rate and with good insulation properties. The use of sand smoothed andesite in the manufacture of foam concrete is expected to improve the properties of porous concrete and make it more suitable for use. In this study, 120 mortar cubes with the size of 5 cm was used for the density testing, compressive strength testing and porosity testing of foam concrete. Foam concrete is made by mixing cement, sand andesite of 1:2.75 and w/c 0.7 and a foaming agent, which are respectively 1%,2%, 3%, and 4%. Porosity measurements with the soaking method and the concrete compressive strength test were performed, respectively at the age of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results showed that the increase in use of a foaming agent will cause a reduction in the density and the compressive strength of the concrete. While the porosity of foam concrete which is measured at the "volume of permeable void" will increase with the decreasing density and compressive strength of concrete.
A preliminary study of the low density particle boards quality using rice husks and oil palm empty fruit bunch with plastic waste adhesive
Authors: Yamin Muh. , Rudito  , Lisnawati Andi , Lutfi Mohammad
Published: August 2018

The accumulation of rice husks (RH), oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), and plastic waste (PW) can reduce the fertility of the soil. The objective of this study was to compare the quality of the low density particle boards using that waste. Experimental design was used by testing the quality of particle boards with a substitution of 50 % by weight of the total mixes for each waste (RH and OPEFB) and 50% of PW with 3 replications. The results revealed that the quality of the low density particle boards based on water content, density, and modulus of rupture (MOR) tests meet the requirements of SNI 03-2105-2006, whereas the modulus of elasticity (MOE), thickness swelling, water absorption, and the tension perpendicular to surface tests do not comply to the requirements. This preliminary study revealed that the quality of particle boards using OPEFB was better than the particle boards using RH for building materials such as ceilings.
Experimental study of accelerating early age concrete strength under elevated temperature, steaming, and chemical admixture addition of normal and high strength concrete
Authors: Murtiadi Suryawan , Akmaluddin Akmaluddin , Anshari Buan , Suparjo Suparjo
Published: August 2018

Conventionally, curing is performed by moisturizing concrete periodically when the fresh concrete is still undergoing chemical reaction processes. This study is focused on early age concrete strength treated with special curing of early heating treatment and steaming. The addition of chemical accelerator and normal curing are also examined. Tests were conducted on normal and high strength concrete specimens. Treatments of the test specimens with steaming and early heating were carried out for 3 and 8 hours, respectively, at a temperature of about 70° C. Test results showed that concrete compressive strengths gained in 3-days compared to 28-days under normal curing, chemical accelerator, steam curing, and elevated temperature curing were 39%, 50%, 64% and 59%, respectively. While in 7-days were 66%, 75%, 80% and 83%, respectively. And in 14- days were 87%, 91%, 93% and 93%, respectively. For high-strength concrete, the compressive strengths gained in 3-days were 37%, 62%, 68% and 71%, respectively. The strengths in 7-days were 65%, 77%, 83% and 82%, respectively. And in 14-days were 85%, 89%, 90% and 93%, respectively. Test results indicated that the additions of chemical accelerator, steam and elevated temperature curing in order to obtain the high early age concrete strengths are highly recommended.
Flexural performance of HPFRC plates using PPC and variation of steel fiber composition
Authors: Krisnamurti  , Soehardjono Agoes , Zacoeb Achfas , Wibowo Ari
Published: August 2018

High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (HPFRC) is widely used in infrastructure applications due to its mechanical properties such as fracture toughness, ductility, control of crack width, and plate thickness reduction compared to normal concrete. However, there are still doubts about the strategy to develop the concrete technology to meet the sustainability requirements in the construction process. This study aims to investigate the improvement of flexural performance on HPFRC plates that utilize Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) with various compositions of steel fiber. This research uses PPC, Lumajang sand, gravel from the Malang area, water, silica fume, superplasticizer, and steel fiber. Tests were performed on 1600 mm x 900 mm x 80 mm HPFRC plates. The average HPFRC compressive strength is 59.59 MPa. The splitting tensile strength is 3.54 MPa. Steel fibers vary from 0.2% to 1.0% of the HPFRC plate volume. The test was performed with the three-point bending method. Observations were made to the load capacity, deflection and the crack pattern of the HPFRC plates. The study shows that the optimum bending strength failure of the HPFRC plate is obtained when the steel fiber composition is about 0.8% with an external load value of 31.76 kN and a deflection of 14.99 mm.
Experimental analysis of T-beam reinforced concrete with holes
Authors: Panggabean Hotma , Pakpahan Nicxson
Published: August 2018

The construction of lanes for the installation of reinforced concrete structures using holes are used for multi-storey buildings, which is required for utility networks such as power lines, piping, telephone cables, air conditioners, etc. The utility networks are usually sited in the space above the ceiling or attached by installation to the beam. Consequently, it can be reduced by the height of the rooms in the buildings and as well as debauched aesthetically. An alternative design is needed, and one of which would be implemented by utilizing spaces on the beam structures. In this research, we used an experimental method by performing analytical calculations initially, then the results from the laboratory were checked for collapse model on the test object I, which is a flexural collapse model. The collapse model on Test objects II and III was a shear failure model. Further, the test specimen III of 3-hollow T-beam cross section was feeblest from the other cross-section, with the type of shear failure occurring on the holes of the maximum shear area.
Numerical analysis of castellated beams with oval openings
Authors: Setiawan Yanuar , Han Ay Lie , Sthenly Gan Buntara , Utomo Junaedi
Published: August 2018

The use of castellated beams has become more popular in the last two decades. The main idea for the use of these types of steel beams is to reduce their self-weight by providing openings in the web of wide flange (WF) or I sections. Numerous research on castellated beams has been conducted, the majority of the studies aimed to optimize the opening size and the shape configuration of the openings. A numerical analysis of castellated beams with oval openings was performed in this study. The sections under investigation had variations in the height-to-length ratios of the beam. The Do to D and b to Do ratios were kept at a constant. The D value was defined as the height of the beam, while Do is the height of the opening, and b is the width of the opening. The numerical analysis was performed by the finite element analysis using the STRAND7 software. The numerical model was further validated to the experimental data. The results showed that the developed finite element model resulted in a very good representation to the actual behavior of the sections.
Numerical study on beam-column connection of cantilever precast concrete beam with asymmetric shape under static load
Authors: Prayuda Hakas , Rollyas Syandy Robbi’al , Soebandono Bagus , Ilham Maulana Taufiq , Dwi Cahyati Martyana
Published: August 2018

Cantilever beams are generally used in all infrastructures, including precast concrete structures. In that type of structure, the asymmetric-section shape usage will be optimum and effective. However, in precast concrete structures, it might be susceptible especially in beamto- connection parts due to its strength. In this research, the damage mechanism of connections between cantilever beams and columns in precast concrete will be analyzed. The asymmetric shape will be applied in cantilever beams. Three samples were made with a length of 1500 mm equipped with six 10 mm-diameter deformed rebar and stirrup with 6 mmdiameter plain rebar. The results show that each of the three speciments has its own effectiveness based on stress, strain, displacement, load, and other related parameters.
Improving resilience of moment frames using steel pipe dampers
Authors: Utomo Junaedi , Antonius
Published: August 2018

Earthquake resiliency of moment resisting frames, either new or existing ones, are important for maintaining community functionality. Improving earthquake resiliency needs a strong initiative in reducing earthquake risk. Steel pipe dampers can be used to increase earthquake resiliency. Steel pipe dampers, when installed at strategic locations in the moment frame structures, dissipate most of the earthquake energy in structures through inelastic deformation so that other components of the structure are protected. Steel pipe dampers control vibration in moment frame structures and are a disposable component in structures so that the damaged dampers can be replaced easily. Steel pipe dampers are cheap and require low workmanship, therefore the recovery time after disasters is short and the cost of recovery is low. Utilizing steel pipe dampers in passive energy dissipation systems help maintain community functionality during and after disasters. Lateral displacements were quantified and used as performance indicators. Significant drift and inter story drift reduction were achieved during a numerical study. All structural components, except the steel pipe dampers, remain elastic, indicating the effectiveness of the dampers in reducing the losses due to earthquakes.
Analysis of floating house platform stability using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe material
Authors: Asrasal Aswad , Imam Wahyudi Slamet , Pratiwi Adi Henny , Heikoop Rick
Published: August 2018

The high demand for land to be built on, makes the price of land more expensive. Various efforts were made to get land to build houses on, one of them was by way of coastal reclamation. The pond area initially functioned as a water catchment area, but later became new land through the reclamation process. This will have adverse impacts on the environment such as flooding due to lack of water storage. To overcome the problem of building in the coastal area without reclaiming, is using floating house. A floating house is a building structure that floats on the water surface by leaning to drowned area weight as the weight parameter which the structure could handle. This research is done to analyze the material platform. PVC pipe is used with floating force (Fa) parameter and cost plan analysis. The structure weight analysis total result is 555,887.5 Newton. The floating force of structure platform is 648.792 Newton. The connection system is a bolt connection system that us 3 cm in diameter with an anchor of length 22 cm, and a total of 4 bolts on each connection. Cost plan analysis using PVC pipe costs IDR 379.500.000,00.
Performance of glue laminated timber beams composed of sengon wood (Albizia falcatara) and coconut wood (Cocos nucifera) with nylon-threads reinforcement
Authors: Kusnindar  , Murni Dewi Sri , Soehardjono Agoes , Wisnumurti
Published: August 2018

This paper aims to describe the performance of mix-glue laminated timber beams that are given a nylon strapping as external reinforcement with the three-point bending test to three groups of beams based on the span-to-depth ratio, i.e.: G11, G8, and G5 groups. Each group consists of three types of lamination compositions, namely: Type I, whole lamination consists of sengon wood; Type II, the placement of the coconut wood lamination as the outermost; Type III, similar to type II with added nylon straps with a distance of 5 mm. The bending test results show differences in elastic modulus, flexural strength and shear strength of the glue-laminated timber beams. Based on the comparison of glulam beams consisting of six laminations of sengon wood it was found that the placement of the coconut wood as the outermost lamination succeeded in increasing the elastic modulus, the flexural and shear strength of beams by 28%, 13%, and 34%, respectively. In addition, the reinforcement with nylon straps results in the modulus of elasticity, bending and shear strength of glulam to increase by by 41%, 2%, and 49% respectively.
Study of inertia weight parameter for boundary element inverse analysis to detect RC corrosion
Authors: Fonna Syarizal , Gunawarman  , Huzni Syifaul
Published: August 2018

This research studies the effect of an inconstant inertia weight (W) parameter on boundary element inverse analysis (BEIA) to detect the corrosion of reinforcing steel/rebar in concrete. The boundary element method (BEM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) were used in developing the BEIA. Several measured electrical potential data from halfcell potential measurements were taken as a reference when performing the BEIA. Numerical simulation of reinforced concrete with single corrosion showed that the use of inconstant W with Wup= 0.5 and Wlow≤ 0.5 did not affect the performance of the BEIA in corrosion detection. It was similar to the performance of the BEIA using a constant W in a previous study (0.25 ≤ W ≤ 0.5). However, the corrosion can still be detected with acceptable accuracy; that is, with an error of less than 5%. Hence, further research is needed to extend the study with Wup> 0.5 for an inconstant W.
Diagonal reinforcement as strengthening to increase the stiffness and strength of concrete frame
Authors: Nurchasanah Yenny , Ujianto Muhammad , Rochman Abdul
Published: August 2018

Two test objects of concrete frame behavior against lateral loading were performed by applying structural analysis with the wall as diagonal reinforcement in modeling. The results of the structural analysis indicated that concrete frames with walls have better performance than concrete frames without walls. Twelve objects consisting of the frame without the wall, frame with the wall, and frames with a group of steel and bamboo as diagonal reinforcement at brick walls and concrete panel walls were tested at the laboratory with monotonic lateral forces that work parallel to the wall as the illustration of earthquake loads. The diagonal reinforcement elements can spread the force received by the wall and increase the strength of the wall as well as enhance the stiffness of the structural system at once. Bracing contributes to increasing the strength, especially in resisting the compressive forces due to the earthquake loads. Deformation occurs in the opposite direction between compression path and tension path at the diagonal area. The failure in the concrete frame can be caused by the in-plane force parallel to the wall. Bamboo is quite effective to be used as a substitute for steel reinforcement as bracing material despite its shortage of steel quality.
Bearing capacity analysis of helical pile foundation on peat
Authors: Fatnanta Ferry , Ongko Andarsin
Published: August 2018

Peat is a kind of soil with a very low bearing capacity and high compressibility. Generally, a building construction on peat is done by using a wooden pile foundation. However, the length of the wooden piles is sometimes limited and causes the friction strength between the soil and wooden piles to became suboptimal. In order to enhance the bearing capacity of the foundation, the cross-sectional area of the foundation needs to be enlarged. One of the solutions for this problem is through helical piles. There are two methods to determine the helical pile`s bearing capacity, i.e. individual bearing and cylindrical shear methods. In this paper, bearing capacity prediction was discussed. A foundation load test was thoroughly done by a constant rate of penetration. This test consisted of compression and tension tests. The result was analyzed by individual bearing and cylindrical shear methods and next compared to each other. The result of the analysis has shown that the individual bearing method was more suitable in predicting helical piles’ bearing capacity since it produced the lowest error rate, with a magnitude of 21,31%.
Water table evaluation post the construction of canal blocks on peatland in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Herawati Henny , Ali Akbar Aji , Farastika Dwi , Azmeri
Published: August 2018

Creating canal network is the first step to do agricultural practice in wetlands that aims to make the wetland dry. The existence of canal network affects the hydrological function of peat ecosystem in West Kalimantan which leads to drought and peatland fires during dry season. Canal network on peatlands causes the previously stagnant water to flow out easily through the canal. Therefore, a repressive effort is required to maintain water table in peatland. A countermeasure that has been applied to restore peat is by constructing canal blocks on the established canals. The objective of this study was to assess and evaluate changes in water table in peatlands after the construction of a canal block in Wajok Hilir Village, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan. Based on the water table evaluation result on peatland with and without blocked canal, it is identified that peatland surrounding blocked canal had smaller water table fluctuation than the peatland surrounding unblocked canal during 1 tidal period. This research concludes that the construction of canal block helps retain water longer in peatland so that water table can be maintained in short term and is expected to restore hydrological function of peatland in the long term.
Application of microtremor HVSR method for preliminary assessment of seismic site effect in Ngipik landfill, Gresik
Authors: Nurlita Fitri Siti , Asih Aryani Soemitro Ria , Dewa Warnana Dwa , Sutra Nila
Published: August 2018

This paper presents an investigation based on affected areas of earthquakes based on the micro-tremor horizontal-to-vertical ratio (HVSR) method around the Ngipik Landfill, Gresik. Ngipik landfill applies an Open dumping system with no protective layer to prevent groundwater pollution. Hence, the effect of the earthquake was investigated for preliminary assessment of leachate’s leakage. The micro-tremor measurements were performed by dividing the area into a grid with a 25m distance. The predominant frequency (f0) ranges between 1.1 and 3.65 Hz and the peak of HVSR (Am) varies from 2.04 to 7.16. The vulnerability index (kg) displayed the level of soil damage due to ground motions; the highest kg values signified the weaker zones during earthquakes and also indicated the leachate spread. The result of this paper might consider to seismic stability analysis of leachate recirculation landfill.
Determination of the seismicity and peak ground acceleration for Lombok island: an evaluation on tectonic setting
Authors: S. Agustawijaya Didi , Sulistiyono Heri , Elhuda Ikhwan
Published: August 2018

Lombok Island is located in the Nusatenggara region, which is considered as one of the most active seismic parts of Indonesia. The determination of seismicity is crucial to the island, since Lombok Island is a relatively dense populated small island. Earthquakes that occurred around the island were generated by southern subduction mega-thrust and northern back-arc thrust. Mostly, distributions are concentrated on the north-west and south-east parts of Lombok Island. Probabilistic data analysis of 309 earthquake events during the period of 1973 - 2017 results in the Gutenberg-Richter parameters (a and b) of 3.62 and-0.53 indicating medium to high seismic activities. The Joyner-Boore attenuation relation seems to be suitable for seismic characteristics of the island. The reconstruction of tectonic setting indicates that the Benioff zone may develop at the depths of 150 km beneath the island causing horizontal tectonic forces working within the direction of N 171 °E - N 351 °E. This could create a strike-slip fault on the crustal basement within the NE - SW direction.
Assessment of Magetan regency’s road performance based on pavement and off pavement components
Authors: Tri Haryanta Joko , Suprapto Mamok , Syafi’i
Published: August 2018

Roads are made up of both pavement and off pavement components. In many cases, only road pavement is subjected to maintenance, leaving out accessory road components even though these components also contribute to overall road performance. Hence, the assessment of both road pavement and road components is vitally important in keeping roads safe and enhancing their overall performance. This study was conducted to know the performance of a select road as well as relevant handling recommendations. The research was carried out on 16 road sections of Magetan Regency, East Java Province with a total length of 85.60 km. The Kabupaten Road Management System (KRMS) Software was used in gathering precise road performance information. Weighting of road components was done using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) while priority handling was determined using Analysis Network Process (ANP) with Super Decision software. A camera was used for the observation of both road and off pavement conditions. From research results after analyzing 16 Straight Line Diagrams, all road segments were in good condition. However, routine maintenance recommendations have been provided after a 16 Strip Map Diagram analysis of road segments. The first priority is Genengan-Lembeyan road segment followed by the Tamanarum-Lembeyan road.
Control of urban parking based on zoning rates in the context of sustainable transportation
Authors: Ismiyati Ismiyati , Inigo Wicaksono Yohannes , Riyanto Bambang , Iqbal Rajani Mochamad , Parulian Rizki
Published: August 2018

Urban parking is a major challenge in several developing countries such as Indonesia. Dense traffic conditions are exacerbated by the lack of availability of off-street parking in public spaces, forcing vehicles to use on-street parking, which in turn impedes traffic flow and causes gridlock and traffic jams. Semarang City is a good case-study area, with significant parking problems which are clearly unresolved. The research objective is to develop urban parking controls by conducting a comprehensive parking rate analysis based on zoning, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model to direct and refine the research in a methodical way. The research results determined appropriate urban parking rates based not simply on zoning, but also accounting for the influence of additional quantifiable criteria: assessed land value, location and accessibility, additional value derived from various types of land use, economic capability/ability to pay, and hidden value ascribed to amenities/type of facilities. The highest weighted value, 8,498, was obtained for zone A, which represents the trade zone (BWK 1/Urban Boundaries 1); the value obtained for zone B, 3,71, represents the industrial zone (BWK 4/Urban Boundaries 4); and zone C (BWK 6/Urban Boundaries 6) is represented with the weighted value of 1,867.
Analysis of the distribution of domestic wastewater in the Brantas river area of Malang city
Authors: Bekti Prihatiningsih , Kusuma Zaenal , Suharyanto Agus , Setyoleksono Amin
Published: August 2018

The degradation of water quality has become a major problem today. In Indonesia, the decline in water quality is caused by domestic wastewater which is a non-point source. In an effort to reduce the occurrence of environmental degradation due to domestic wastewater, it is necessary to give an idea and convince the public and the relevant parties of the importance of domestic wastewater management. Efforts are made by informing the pattern of distribution of domestic wastewater in a region and the impact of its distribution for its control and management. The research method uses a momentary sampling technique in accordance with SNI 6989.59:2008. The location of the water sampling is determined purposively. Sampling was conducted in two periods; the dry season in September and the rainy season in January. The observed parameters included BOD5 and E.coli. Determination of the distribution of domestic wastewater uses GIS. The distribution of domestic wastewater is determined based on pollution levels expressed as IP. The results show that pollution levels in Sawojajar and Sumbersari were lightly polluted with average IPs of 4.09 and 4.02 (dry season). While Kedungkandang is in the good category, IP = 0.32 (dry season).
Multisite daily precipitation simulation in Singapore
Authors: Suroso Suroso , Bárdossy András
Published: August 2018

Stochastic precipitation simulation is of great importance for the design and operation of water infrastructures. The objective of this research is to develop a stochastic simulation method for daily precipitation. Daily precipitation generation needs special treatment because of many zero values appearing due to dry days. It is implemented for 26 rain gauge stations located in Singapore. This research follows three steps. First, a hidden autoregressive (AR) model is fitted to time series data at each gauging station using a power transformation. Zero precipitation amounts are treated as censored values of the power-transformed Gaussian process. The hidden AR has four parameters: mean, autocorrelation, power transformation, and variance of error. Second, a conditional multivariate Gaussian distribution is fitted to residuals of the AR models and used to fill in censored values corresponding to errors of the AR at dry events. Third, stochastic simulations from the created spatial-temporal model are carried out. Single and multi-site statistical characteristics such as empirical distribution function, cross-correlation coefficient and entropy are used for evaluation of the model. The results of this research show that the developed model produces synthetic precipitation amounts having statistical characteristics very similar to the observed ones.
The analysis of Ancol polder system as flood prevention infrastructure in Jakarta
Authors: Mantasa Salve Prastica Rian
Published: August 2018

Flooding in Jakarta is a common phenomenon that is caused by climate changes. One of the government’s actions is building polders in Jakarta to prevent the flooding. However, these polders seem to not significantly affect it. This research aims to analyse Ancol Polder in North Jakarta as flood prevention infrastructure. This research uses Muskingum Cunge and O’Donnel and Muskingum Extended methods to analyse the hydrographs. This research analyses the performance of channel capacity by HEC-RAS modelling approach and observes its stabilization using GeoStudio 2012. The existing condition of the channel still accommodates the maximum outflow that enters the stream. Furthermore, its stability is safe in all of the reviewed STA in Pademangan Timur channel.
Tsunami simulation using particle method
Authors: Harya Dananjaya Raden
Published: August 2018

Tsunami is a natural disaster that have resulted in dreadful damages over time. Extensive researches have been conducted to scrutinize and counteract the natural hazard using three major research components which are: field monitoring, laboratory tests, and numerical methods. However, laboratory tests are high-priced and arduous. Numerical simulation overcomes these drawbacks and can be utilized in collaboration with laboratory tests. Recently, newly introduced meshless Lagrangian particle method called Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) has gained attention. In this paper, SPH method has been employed to simulate tsunami. A SPH code is developed from scratch. To validate the code, a traditional dam break simulation is conducted. Lastly, a tsunami model is simulated using the developed SPH code and compared with past experimental data. The results indicate that the code is in accordance with previous experimental data and numerical simulation. Whereby, there’s been a slight deviation arises in tsunami simulation. The velocity of the code is relatively less to that of the experimental data. Such inconsistencies could emerge due to a number of reasons, i.e. the choice of the SPH parameters and model simplification. Generally, the developed SPH code had a satisfactory performance to model tsunami and dam-break problem.
Improving business processes to develop standard operation procedures on government building maintenance work in Indonesia
Authors: Armyn Machfudiyanto Rossy , Latief Yusuf , Susilo Soepandji Budi , Anggia Putri Prisca
Published: August 2018

Preventive and corrective work carried out on government structures requires that Standard Operating Procedures for financial planning be developed to put an end to sharp practices which often result in budget wastage. The risk factors that can be instrumental to waste in the planning, implementation, maintenance, and supervision of government structures include Standard Operating Procedure that is not yet developed and organizational functions that are yet to be perfect. Hence, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) requires good risk management. It will result in risk management strategy to enhance maintenance performance and maintenance of government building with respect to building health, building safety, comfort of the building and ease of constructing government building. The aim of this study is to find out how business processes and activities are organized for the planning, maintenance, implementation as well as supervision of government structures. The methodology used included expert validation, respondent survey and benchmarking analysis to determine its business process. The results of this study indicate that there are 164 activities in 16 business processes for preventive and corrective work relating to execution, planning, and supervision of government structures.
Characterization of mechanical properties of metallic foams by instrumented indentation test
Authors: Nayebi Ali , Surmiri Azam
Published: August 2018

In this study, the spherical indentation tests with a spherical rigid indenter of 5 mm radius were used. The inelastic behaviour of metallic foam was considered as an isotropic crushable foam constitutive model of Deshpande and Fleck which has been shown experimentally that their model can be applied to aluminum foams. The spherical indentation test was modeled by finite element method. A 2D axisymmetric model was developed. Practically, the size of the indenter tip should be reasonably large compared to the size of the cells/pores in the specimen and the indentation depth should also be reasonably large so that the indentation response does reflect the averaged material behaviours, which are described by the aforementioned constitutive model. The applied load on the indenter versus its displacement was obtained under different metallic foam mechanical properties. Numerical results from the finite element simulations are used to obtain the dependence of the indentation response on the metallic foam material parameters which characterizes the plastic deformation of metallic foams. Finally, the stress–curves and the elastic modulus of different foams are obtained by the indentation curve, which is obtained by FEM.
Effects of pedal rate and power output on cycling kinematics
Authors: Bessot Nicolas
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of changes in pedal rate and power output in the cycling kinematics of endurance cyclists. Nine male competitive cyclists performed 16 submaximal effort trials of 4 minutes’ duration on a cycle ergometer. Power output was imposed at 50, 100, 150, and 200 W successively for each pedal rate studied (45, 70, 95, 120 rev · min−1). The ankle, knee and hip flexion/extension, and pedal angle (pedal axis/malleolus medialis compared to the horizontal) were analysed. We observed an increase of mean pedal angle and a decrease of magnitude in pedal mobilisation when pedal rate increased or power output decreased. The mean pedal angle recorded during a crank cycle seems to depend on pedal load (power/pedal rate ratio). The supposed effect of pedal rate, power and pedal load on pedal angle was confirmed by adjusting a sin function (with pedal rate, power and power/pedal rate ratio as variables) representing the evolution of pedal angle during the crank evolution to experimental data. The modifications due to power and pedal rate change that were observed in pedal kinematics were generally transferred to the upper joints of the legs.
Improved characterization and modeling of equatorial plasma depletions
Authors: Blanch Estefania , Altadill David , Juan Jose Miguel , Camps Adriano , Barbosa José , González-Casado Guillermo , Riba Jaume , Sanz Jaume , Vazquez Gregori , Orús-Pérez Raúl
Published: August 2018

This manuscript presents a method to identify the occurrence of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) with data gathered from receivers of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). This method adapts a previously existing technique to detect Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs), which focus on the 2nd time derivatives of total electron content estimated from GNSS signals (2DTEC). Results from this tool made possible to develop a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of EPBs. Analyses of the probability of occurrence, effective time duration, depth of the depletion and total disturbance of the EPBs show their dependence on local time and season of the year at global scale within the latitude belt from 35°N to 35°S for the descending phase of solar cycle 23 and ascending phase of solar cycle 24, 2002–2014. These results made possible to build an EPBs model, bounded with the Solar Flux index, that simulates the probability of the number of EPBs and their characteristics expected for a representative day at given season and local time (LT). The model results provided insight into different important aspects: the maximum occurrence of bubbles take place near the equatorial anomaly crests, asymmetry between hemispheres and preferred longitudes with enhanced EPBs activity. Model output comparisons with independent observations confirmed its soundness.
Integration von Palliativmedizin in onkologische Spitzenzentren Deutschlands – ambulante Sprechstunden und Rotationsprogramme der spezialisierten Palliativmedizin
Authors: Berendt Julia , Thomas Michael , Neukirchen Martin , Schwartz Jacqueline , Hense Jörg , Tewes Mitra
Published: August 2018

Hintergrund Comprehensive Cancer Center zeichnen sich durch einen fachübergreifenden Austausch aus, um im Krankheitsverlauf zumeist komplexer werdenden Anforderungen an die Versorgung in höchstem Maß gerecht zu werden. Tumorsprechstunden und Rotationen schlagen dabei strukturell bzw. ad personam Brücken zu anderen Fächern und Disziplinen.

Ziel Um den Comprehensive Cancer Centern konkrete Unterstützung zur weiteren Integration der spezialisierten Palliativmedizin geben zu können, wurde erhoben, inwieweit palliativmedizinische Sprechstunden und ärztliche Rotationen zur Palliativmedizin in den Zentren integriert sind.

Methoden Mit einem Befragungsbogen wurden Angaben zur palliativmedizinischen Sprechstunde und ärztlichen Rotation der bisher von der Krebshilfe geförderten Comprehensive Cancer Center (n = 16) papierbasiert erhoben. Hierfür wurden die Leiter der palliativmedizinischen Einrichtungen der Zentren von Juli bis August 2017 befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte über SPSS (Häufigkeit, Mittelwert, Median, Spannweite).

Ergebnisse 15 (93,75 %) von 16 Zentren nahmen an der Befragung teil. Neun Zentren (60 %) haben eine palliativmedizinische Sprechstunde. Vier von neun CCC unterbreiten dieses Angebot ≥ 4 Stunden (44,4 %). Ärztliche Rotationen in die Palliativmedizin sind in allen Comprehensive Cancer Centern, vorrangig aus der Onkologie/ Hämatologie (n = 11, 73,3 %) und Anästhesiologie (n = 6) und häufig für zwölf Monate (n = 11), üblich.

Diskussion Im Netzwerk der Comprehensive Cancer Center ist ein Sprechstundenangebot als eine ambulante Struktur der Palliativmedizin bisher nicht flächendeckend umgesetzt. Derzeit bestehen in den Zentren Unterschiede in der personellen Besetzung und Einschränkungen, entsprechende Leistungen kostendeckend zu finanzieren. Das vorhandene Bemühen um die Integration der palliativmedizinischen Versorgung in den onkologischen Erkrankungsverlauf bedarf zur Erhöhung der Sichtbarkeit palliativmedizinischer Angebote der weiteren Strukturierung. Zur Sensibilisierung für die Möglichkeiten der Palliativmedizin sind dagegen ärztliche Rotationen in die Palliativmedizin, regulär im Netzwerk der Comprehensive Cancer Center umgesetzt, wenn auch nur für einen Teil der Fächer.
Inhalte und Methoden der Bewegungsförderung in der Bewegungstherapie: Die Sichtweisen bewegungstherapeutischer Akteure in der medizinischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Geidl Wolfgang , Fangmann Cheyenne , Deprins Judith , Pfeifer Klaus , Sudeck Gorden
Published: August 2018

Ziel ist die Ermittlung von Inhalten und Methoden, die Bewegungstherapeutinnen und -therapeuten mit dem Ziel der Bewegungsförderung einsetzen. Im Rahmen einer Bestandsaufnahme der Bewegungstherapie im Mixed-Methods-Design wurden leitfadengestützte Fokusgruppen durchgeführt. Leitende bewegungstherapeutische Akteure (n = 58, ♀ = 24, ♂ = 34, AlterMean = 45 Jahre) diskutierten in 6 erkrankungsspezifischen Gruppen. 5 Kernthemen konnten identifiziert werden: Konzeptbasierung (1), die Vermittlung von Spaß und Freude an Bewegung (2), Wissensvermittlung als Theorie-Praxis-Verknüpfung (3), Materialnutzung für eigenständiges Trainieren und Üben (4), Strategien zur Förderung von Selbstständigkeit und Eigenverantwortung (5). Die Ergebnisse der Fokusgruppen bekräftigen fundierte didaktisch-methodische Handlungsorientierungen der leitenden bewegungstherapeutischen Akteure im Bereich Bewegungsförderung. In der Verbindung mit den Ergebnissen der bundesweiten Bestandsaufnahme aus der ersten Studienphase wird jedoch auch klar, dass die beschriebenen didaktisch-methodischen Prinzipien mit Blick auf die Bewegungsförderung doch in sehr unterschiedlichem Maße gewichtet und umgesetzt werden dürften.
Factors Related to Lymph Node Recurrence in Patients with N1b Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma after Unilateral Therapeutic Modified Radical Neck Dissection: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Su Hui , Li Yujie
Published: August 2018

Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma with clinically node-positive lateral neck (N1b PTC) is likely to recur after modified radical neck dissection (MRND). The present study investigated the risk factors for recurrence in N1b PTC patients after unilateral therapeutic MRND.

Methods Literature published from January 1990 to December 2017 on factors related to lymph node recurrence after MRND was retrieved by searching national and international online databases. A meta-analysis was performed after the data extraction process.

Results Thirty-five potentially relevant articles were found on lymph node recurrence in patients with N1b papillary thyroid carcinoma. After careful review of the full text of these articles, seven studies were included. There was no association between recurrence and the age of the patients (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.77 – 2.12, p = 0.34). Male patients (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.17 – 2.27, p = 0.004), tumor size ≥ 1 cm (OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03 – 0.76, p = 0.02), multifocal tumors (OR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.08 – 2.22, p = 0.02), extracapsular invasion (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.26 – 2.95, p = 0.003), and lymphovascular invasion (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.50 – 4.22, p = 0.0005) were associated with a significantly higher incidence of recurrence.

Conclusions Patients with a tumor size ≥ 1 cm, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, or lymphovascular invasion were more likely to have tumor recurrence after total thyroidectomy and therapeutic MRND.
Haloferrocenes: Syntheses and Selected Reactions
Authors: Butenschön Holger
Published: August 2018

Although haloferrocenes constitute important starting materials for many ferrocene-derived products with importance in a variety of fields such as materials science, medicinal chemistry and catalysis, only relatively few haloferrocenes out of the large number of possible examples have been prepared so far. The first part of this review summarizes the syntheses of all the homo- and heterohaloferrocenes known up to date. The second part summarizes typical reactions of haloferrocenes, namely lithiation followed by trapping with an electrophile, copper-mediated halogen substitution, coupling with formation of diferrocenyl derivatives, ortho-lithiation followed by trapping with an electrophile, palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions and finally miscellaneous reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Homohaloferrocenes

2.1 Fluoroferrocenes

2.2 Chloroferrocenes

2.3 Bromoferrocenes

2.4 Iodoferrocenes

3 Heterohaloferrocenes

4 Selected Reactions of Haloferrocenes

4.1 Lithiation Followed by Trapping with an Electrophile

4.2 Copper-Mediated Halogen Substitution

4.3 Coupling with Formation of Diferrocenyl Derivatives

4.4 ortho-Lithiation of Haloferrocenes

4.5 Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions of Haloferrocenes

4.6 Miscellaneous Reactions of Haloferrocenes

5 Conclusions
Synthesis of β-CF3 Ketones through Copper/Silver Cocatalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Enol Acetates with ICH2CF3
Authors: Deng Wei , Xiang Jiannan , Yi Niannian , Xiong Yi , Chen De , Zeng Sheng , Cheng Chaozhihui , Wang Pengjie
Published: August 2018

A simple method for the synthesis of β-CF3 ketones through copper/silver cocatalyzed oxidative coupling of enol acetates with ICH2CF3 has been developed. Enol acetates were chosen as the source of carbonyl group, giving the β-CF3 ketones in moderate yields. Control experiments imply that a radical process maybe involved in this reaction.
Postoperative Imaging of the Knee Extensor Mechanism
Authors: Rubin David , Long Jeremiah
Published: August 2018

The extensor mechanism of the knee plays an important role in many movements of the lower extremity. Although its main function is to extend the knee, it also stabilizes the patellofemoral joint and resists passive flexion of the knee when landing from jumping. Pathologic conditions of the extensor mechanism can be acute or chronic, and they can negatively affect daily activities. Fortunately, many surgical treatments are available aimed at restoring function to the injured extensor mechanism. Understanding the surgical techniques and common complications of these procedures enables the radiologist to recognize expected and unexpected postoperative imaging appearances.
Clinical Outcomes of Nerve Transfers in Peroneal Nerve Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Head Linden , Hicks Katie , Wolff Gerald , Boyd Kirsty
Published: August 2018

Background Given the unsatisfactory outcomes with traditional treatments, there is growing interest in nerve transfers to reestablish ankle dorsiflexion in peroneal nerve palsy. The objective of this work was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the primary literature to assess the effectiveness of nerve transfer surgery in restoring ankle dorsiflexion in patients with peroneal nerve palsy.

Methods Methodology was registered with PROSPERO, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched. English studies investigating outcomes of nerve transfers in peroneal nerve palsy were included. Two reviewers completed screening and extraction. Methodological quality was evaluated with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results Literature search identified 108 unique articles. Following screening, 14 full-text articles were reviewed. Four retrospective case series met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Overall, 41 patients underwent nerve transfer for peroneal nerve palsy. The mean age of the patients was 36.1 years, mean time to surgery was 6.3 months, and the mean follow-up period was 19.0 months. Donor nerve was either tibial (n = 36) or superficial peroneal branches/fascicles (n = 5). Recipient nerve was either deep peroneal (n = 24) or tibialis anterior branch (n = 17). Postoperative ankle dorsiflexion strength demonstrated a bimodal distribution with a mean Medical Research Council of 2.1. There were no significant differences in dorsiflexion strength between injury sites (p = 0.491), injury mechanisms (p = 0.125), donor (p = 0.066), or recipient nerves (p = 0.496). There were no significant correlations between dorsiflexion strength and patient age (p = 0.094) or time to surgery (p = 0.493).

Conclusions There is variability in dorsiflexion strength following nerve transfer in peroneal nerve palsy, whereby there appear to be responders and non-responders. Further studies are needed to better define appropriate patient selection and the role of nerve transfers in the management of peroneal nerve palsy.