bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approaches to studying behavior in captive sloth bears through animal keeper feedback
Authors: Khadpekar Yaduraj , Whiteman John P. , Durrant Barbara S. , Owen Megan A. , Prakash Sant
Published: November 2018

Animal keepers at zoos and wildlife rescue centers often possess in‐depth knowledge of the health and behavior of the individuals under their care. While it is often not feasible for keepers to regularly collect behavior data through formal scientific methods, efforts should be made to find alternative means to capture this knowledge. We investigated the use of keeper feedback to study the behavior of sloth bears at the Agra Bear Rescue Facility (ABRF; Agra, India). We prepared a survey with 5 questions focused on behaviors indicative of playfulness, boldness, aggressiveness, and the tendency to express self‐directed behaviors (SDB). We asked keepers to rate bears on a Likert scale from 1 (least likely to exhibit a behavior) to 5 (most likely) for 44 adult female bears (5–21 years of age). We validated this method by comparing keeper ratings of SDB with formal behavior observations, finding that time of day had an influence on the accuracy of keeper assessments. We found a significant negative correlation between housing bears in larger groups (>15) and SDB. In addition, we correlated ratings given by keepers for all study behaviors. Social play had significant negative correlation with aggression toward people. There was no correlation between social play and aggression toward other bears, possibly due to the existence of cohesive social groups in group housing or high dimensionality of the data. We found that keeper feedback is an efficient tool to gather behavior data on captive sloth bears and recommend its use in future studies.
The gravity dual of real-time CFT at finite temperature
Authors: Botta-Cantcheff Marcelo , Martínez Pedro J. , Silva Guillermo A.
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We present a spherically symmetric aAdS gravity solution with Schwinger-Keldysh boundary condition dual to a CFT at finite temperature defined on a complex time contour. The geometry is built by gluing the exterior of a two-sided AdS Black Hole, the (aAdS) Einstein-Rosen wormhole, with two Euclidean black hole halves. These pieces are interpreted as the gravity duals of the two Euclideanβ/2 segments in the SK path, each coinciding with a Hartle-Hawking-Maldacena (TFD) vacuum state, while the Lorentzian regions naturally describes the real-time evolution of the TFD doubled system.

Within the context of Skenderis and van Rees real-time holographic prescription, the new solution should be compared to the Thermal AdS spacetime since both contribute to the gravitational path integral. In this framework, we compute the time ordered 2-pt functions of scalar CFT operators via a non-back-reacting Klein-Gordon field for both backgrounds and confront the results. When solving for the field we find that the gluing leads to a geometric realization of the Unruh trick via a completely holographic prescription. Interesting observations follow from$$ \left\langle {\mathcal{O}}_L{\mathcal{O}}_R\right\rangle $$OLOR, which capture details of the entanglement of the (ground) state and the connectivity of the spacetime.
Two-loop massless QCD corrections to the g + g → H + H four-point amplitude
Authors: Banerjee Pulak , Borowka Sophia , Dhani Prasanna K. , Gehrmann Thomas , Ravindran V.
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We compute the two-loop massless QCD corrections to the four-point amplitude g + g → H + H resulting from effective operator insertions that describe the interaction of a Higgs boson with gluons in the infinite top quark mass limit. This amplitude is an essential ingredient to the third-order QCD corrections to Higgs boson pair production. We have implemented our results in a numerical code that can be used for further phenomenological studies.
Nephronophthise und assoziierte Ziliopathien
Authors: Titieni Andrea , König Jens
Published: November 2018

Die Nephronophthise ist eine autosomal-rezessive tubulointerstitielle Nierenerkrankung und stellt die häufigste genetische Ursache für ein terminales Nierenversagen im Kindes- und Jugendalter dar. Hauptsymptome sind eine Polyurie und Polydipsie als Zeichen einer Harnkonzentrationsstörung sowie sonographisch hyperechogene Nieren mit verwaschener Mark-Rinden-Differenzierung und gelegentlich auftretenden Zysten. Pathophysiologisch liegt eine Dysfunktion primärer Zilien zugrunde, sodass sie zur Gruppe der Ziliopathien gezählt wird. Die Nephronophthise kann isoliert die Nieren betreffen oder zusammen mit anderen Organmanifestationen Syndrome definieren, wie zum Beispiel das Senior–Løken-Syndrom, das Joubert-Syndrom und viele mehr, welche gesammelt als Nephronophthise-assoziierte Ziliopathien (NPH-RC) bezeichnet werden. Charakteristisch für diese Erkrankungsgruppe sind eine ausgeprägte genetische und phänotypische Variabilität sowie zum Teil erhebliche Überlappungen mit anderen zystischen Nierenerkrankungen, was eine korrekte und frühzeitige Diagnosestellung sowie das Stellen individueller Prognosen im klinischen Alltag erschwert. Kurative Therapie-Ansätze existieren bislang nicht.

Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit soll es sein, einen verständlichen Überblick über die Nephronophthise und assoziierte Ziliopathien zu geben und deren pathophysiologische Verbindung zu den anderen zystischen Nierenerkrankungen aufzuzeigen.
Monogene Formen der arteriellen Hypertonie
Authors: Erger Florian
Published: November 2018

Hintergrund

Die Grundlage der arteriellen Hypertonie bei der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Patienten ist multifaktorieller, zum großen Teil umweltbedingter Genese und derzeit in der Routinediagnostik nicht sinnvoll molekulargenetisch untersuchbar. Bei einem kleinen Teil der Patienten (<1 %) ist die arterielle Hypertonie aber Folge hereditärer, monogener Defekte. Hierzu gehören das Liddle-Syndrom, familiärer Hyperaldosteronismus, apparenter Mineralkortikoidexzess und Pseudohypoaldosteronismus. Diese und andere hereditäre Hypertonien gehen pathomechanistisch auf Störungen in den renalen Regelkreisen der Elektrolyt- und Volumenhomöostase zurück.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die bekannten Typen der hereditären Hypertonien sollen verständlich und schematisch erläutert werden. Besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auch auf dem klinischen Bild der jeweiligen Unterformen sowie der therapeutischen Konsequenz, die sich in dieser Krankheitsgruppe direkt aus dem molekulargenetischen Befund ergeben kann. Eine Auswahl weiterer genetischer Syndrome mit arterieller Hypertonie als Begleit- oder Spätsymptom wird zusammenfassend behandelt.

Fazit

Die korrekte Diagnose eines Betroffenen mit einer Form der hier beschriebenen hereditären Hypertonien ermöglicht eine gezielte und effektive medikamentöse Therapie auf Basis der inzwischen insgesamt gut verstandenen jeweiligen Pathomechanismen.
Considering the negatively formed identity: Relationships between negative identity and problematic psychosocial beliefs
Authors: Hihara Shogo , Umemura Tomotaka , Sugimura Kazumi
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Developing a firm sense of identity is a critical developmental task in adolescence and emerging adulthood, but little or no empirical research exists regarding individuals who firmly form negative identities and psychosocial beliefs. This study examined the formation of negative identities in youth and its association with psychosocial beliefs in terms of variable‐oriented psychosocial facets (i.e., dichotomous beliefs, cynicism, and social distrust) and person‐oriented psychosocial profiles.

Methods

A total of 2313 young Japanese people (70.9% were females) aged 18–25 years answered the self‐report questionnaire.

Results

We consequently found that individuals with negative identities possessed problematic psychosocial facets, such as high dichotomous beliefs and cynicism, as well as low social trust. Furthermore, individuals with negative identities had profile characterized by strong hostility toward others/societies.

Conclusions

Overall, our study provided a comprehensive understanding of how youth with negative identities face difficulty in constructing relationships with society, which has been neglected in prior research.
Mediation Analysis Revisited Again
Authors: Thoemmes Felix , Lemmer Gunnar
Published: November 2018

In a mediation model the effect of a dependent variable (DV) on an outcome is (partially) due to the DV's effect on one or multiple mediator(s) that consequently have an effect on the outcome. The use of such models as the theoretical background guiding empirical studies is widespread. Mediation models are fundamentally causal models that specify causal sequences. Unfortunately, the necessary causal assumptions are in practice often violated. In the current paper, we discuss possible improvements of causal mediation analyses, and highlight some potential pitfalls. We discuss the benefits gained by analyzing indirect effect between latent variables specified with measurement models. The validity of statistical findings can also be improved by using experimental designs. We discuss the cross-over design and the cross-over encouragement design, and how they can help improve causal conclusions. We also discuss recent advances on sensitivity analyses in the context of mediation models. Specifically, we explain how this analysis can be used to argue for the severity of unobserved confounding. Lastly, we discuss the practice of reversing the direction of the arrow between variables in a mediation model. We argue that if such reversals result in equivalent models, this practice cannot be recommended.
How to Take Offense: Responding to Microaggression
Authors: RINI REGINA
Published: November 2018

A microaggression is a small insulting act made disproportionately harmful by its part in an oppressive pattern of similar insults. How should you respond when made the victim of a microaggression? In this paper I survey several morally salient factors, including effects upon victims, perpetrators, and third parties. I argue, contrary to popular views, that ‘growing a thicker skin’ is not good advice nor is expressing reasonable anger always the best way to contribute to confronting oppression. Instead, appropriately responding to microaggression involves difficult application of practical wisdom that does not easily fall under a simple prescription.
Dynamics of expansion and collapse of explosive two-dimensional bubbles
Authors: Duplat Jérôme
Published: November 2018

An explosive gas mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is introduced in liquid water between two horizontal walls, forming a flat cylindrical bubble. Ignition and explosion of the bubble lead to a large depressurized cavity that finally implodes. We investigate the dynamics of the bubble collapse, which is qualitatively similar to the collapse of a spherical bubble. It exhibits a slightly weaker singularity than for spherical bubbles. We also analyse the explosion process. Starting with an initial radius $R_{0}$, the bubble reaches a maximal radius $R_{max}$ that depends on the gap thickness $h$ between the two walls: for a thinner gap, the condensation of water vapour is more efficient, the overpressure consecutive to the combustion is weaker, and its duration is shorter. This leads to a smaller maximal radius $R_{max}$. An indirect measurement of the transport coefficient of hot water vapour can be inferred from this observation.
Pooled subsidence records from numerous wells reveal variations in pre-break-up rifting along the proximal domains of the Iberia–Newfoundland continental margins
Authors: Spooner Cameron , Stephenson Randell , Butler Robert W.H.
Published: November 2018

The Iberia–Newfoundland continental margin is one of the most-studied conjugate margins in the world. However, many unknowns remain regarding the nature of rifting preceding its break-up. We analyse a large dataset of tectonic subsidence curves, created from publicly available well data, to show spatial and temporal trends of rifting in the proximal domains of the margin. We develop a novel methodology of bulk averaging tectonic subsidence curves that can be applied on any conjugate margin with a similar spread of well data. The method does not rely on the existence of conjugate, deep seismic profiles and, specifically, attempts to forego the risk of quantitative bias derived from localized anomalies and uncertain stratigraphic dating and correlation. Results for the Iberia–Newfoundland margin show that active rift-driven tectonic subsidence occurred in the Central segment of the conjugate margin from c. 227 Ma (early Norian) to c. 152.1 Ma (early Tithonian), in the southern segment from c. 208.5 Ma (early Rhaetian) to c. 152.1 Ma (early Tithonian) and in the northern segment from c. 201.3 Ma (early Hettangian) to c. 132.9 Ma (early Hauterivian). This indicates that rifting in the stretching phase of the proximal domain of the Iberia–Newfoundland margin does not mirror hyperextended domain rifting trends (south to north) that ultimately led to break-up. The insights into broad-scale three-dimensional spatial and temporal trends, produced using the novel methodology presented in this paper, provide added value for interpretation of the development of passive margins, and new constraints for modelling of the formation of conjugate margins.
Iris from the ground up: A modular foundation for higher-order concurrent separation logic
Authors: JUNG RALF , KREBBERS ROBBERT , JOURDAN JACQUES-HENRI , BIZJAK ALEŠ , BIRKEDAL LARS , DREYER DEREK
Published: November 2018

Iris is a framework for higher-order concurrent separation logic, which has been implemented in the Coq proof assistant and deployed very effectively in a wide variety of verification projects. Iris was designed with the express goal of simplifying and consolidating the foundations of modern separation logics, but it has evolved over time, and the design and semantic foundations of Iris itself have yet to be fully written down and explained together properly in one place. Here, we attempt to fill this gap, presenting a reasonably complete picture of the latest version of Iris (version 3.1), from first principles and in one coherent narrative.
When the Shepherd Rejoins the Flock: Returning to the Department after Serving as Chair
Authors: Bernhard Bill , Lyne Mona
Published: November 2018

Reassuming the role of a “regular” faculty member after serving as department chair presents a common set of challenges that often are overlooked and underappreciated in the discipline. To provide former chairs with guideposts for navigating this pivotal moment in their career, we offer a few thoughts on what our experience suggests are the keys to a successful transition. Among the issues to consider are time and space to regroup, mining what you have learned as chair to revamp research and teaching, careful management of your new social status in the department, and envisioning how you can lead without holding a formal position.
Populism and the 2016 American Election: Evidence from Official Press Releases and Twitter
Authors: Lacatus Corina
Published: November 2018

In the past year, academics and mass media alike have spoken of populism as a necessary condition for Donald Trump’s success in the 2016 US presidential election. Despite the growing interest in populism for understanding the election, we have yet to provide a systematic analysis of the official campaign discourse and its use of populist rhetoric. To fill this gap, this article proposes an analysis of official campaign statements based on original text data from press releases published from January to June 2016 on campaign websites and tweets published on the official accounts of the three main presidential candidates: Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders, and Donald Trump. Data show that the Sanders and Trump campaigns relied on populist discourse to promote two opposing electoral agendas on the left and the right of the political spectrum. Clinton made limited use of populist discourse, mostly in response to the other counter-candidates.
Opportunities for short rotation coppice production on free-range chicken farms in Flanders: farmers’ perceptions and cost-benefit analysis
Authors: Stadig Lisanne M , Tuyttens Frank A.M , Rodenburg T. Bas , Verdonckt Pieter , Wauters Erwin , Borremans Lieve , Reubens Bert
Published: November 2018

This paper focuses on systems producing short rotation coppice willows (SRCW) in chickens’ free-range areas. We aim to map chicken farmers’ motivation to implement SRCW, and to assess the economic viability of these systems. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 free-range chicken farmers. Farmers agreed that chickens would prefer SRCW over grassland, which could benefit chicken welfare. They expected establishing an SRCW system would be labor intensive, and doubted if it would be a profitable investment. Some concerns of farmers might be taken away by exchanging information with farmers with SRCW experience. A partial budget analysis was performed to calculate the net present value (NPV) of six different scenarios, differing in the type of chickens, in whether the produced biomass was sold or valorized on-farm and in harvest pattern, all over a 23-yr period. The NPV was positive but low for all scenarios. A sensitivity analysis showed that changes in biomass yield, wood chip price, a price premium for poultry products and current fuel price were most likely to influence the NPV. A risk analysis revealed that NPVs were positive in the majority of the modeled cases. Scenarios in which biomass was used for on-farm heat production showed the highest risk of a negative NPV. A price premium for poultry products may be most effective at increasing profitability, but may only be feasible for farms selling directly to consumers. Establishing a solid market for biomass energy, including guaranteed demand and availability of appropriate machinery for cultivation, may mitigate farmers’ concerns.
Wie klingt Motivation? Eine Analyse deutschsprachiger Begriffe und Redewendungen zur Tabakentwöhnung
Authors: Theoharova Simona , Demmel Ralf
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund/Fragestellung: Während einer erfolgreichen Psychotherapie – so Miller und Rollnick (2013) – initiiert der Therapeut ein lautes Nachdenken über Veränderung (change talk), das eine Verhaltensänderung einleitet und verschiedene Facetten der Motivation eines Patienten spiegelt. Auf den preparatory change talk (desire, ability, reasons, need) folgt der mobilizing change talk (commitment, activation, taking steps) und schließlich die Verhaltensänderung. Die vorliegende Studie ist ein erster Versuch, deutsche Begriffe und Redewendungen zu analysieren, um Therapeuten die Einschätzung der Motivation eines Patienten zu erleichtern. Methodik: Das schrittweise Vorgehen entsprach weitgehend einem in der englischsprachigen Literatur beschriebenen Verfahren zur Einschätzung von Begriffen und Redewendungen hinsichtlich der Motivation eines Sprechers (vgl. Amrhein, 2009 ): (1) Generierung einer Sammlung relevanter Begriffe und Redewendungen, (2) Einschätzung der Stärke einer Formulierung durch 430 Probanden, (3) Bestimmung der Retestreliabilität anhand der Einschätzungen von 63 Probanden, (4) Kategorisierung von 140 Begriffen und Redewendungen durch drei Experten. Ergebnisse: Die ausgewählten Begriffe und Phrasen lassen sich zuverlässig den von Miller und Rollnick (2013) beschriebenen Kategorien Preparatory Change Talk oder Mobilizing Change Talk zuordnen, κ = .83 (95 % CI, .80 ≤ κ ≤ .85), p < .001, und spiegeln darüber hinaus verschiedene Ausprägungen der Motivation eines Sprechers wider. Die Einschätzungen der Stärke einer Formulierung sind jedoch nicht stabil (Retestreliabilität: .21 ≤ rtt ≤ .70). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Beachtung typischer Schlüsselwörter kann das richtige Timing einer Intervention erleichtern und darüber hinaus Auskunft über die „Entschlossenheit“ eines Patienten geben. Im Rahmen von Forschungsprojekten könnten auf der Basis erweiterter Sammlungen relevanter Begriffe und Redewendungen Algorithmen entwickelt werden, die eine Einschätzung der Motivation und damit prognostisch bedeutsame Aussagen erlauben.
Satellite Observations Validate Stratosphere Temperature Models
Authors: Shultz David
Published: November 2018

Since the 1970s, the stratosphere has cooled as ozone levels dropped and carbon dioxide levels increased. Chemical models of the temperature decline conflicted with satellite observations—until now.
Ye Receives 2018 Keiiti Aki Young Scientist Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: November 2018

Lingling Ye will receive the 2018 Keiiti Aki Young Scientist Award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2018, to be held 10–14 December in Washington, D.�C. The award recognizes “scientific accomplishments in the field of seismology.”
A Deep Eastern Boundary Current in the Chile Basin
Authors: Schulze Chretien Lena M. , Speer Kevin
Published: November 2018

Hydrographic data and tracers from several ship‐based sections show the location and structure of a deep eastern boundary current in the Chile Basin. The current is centered above the Peru‐Chile Trench at 2,500–3,400 m and transports up to 6 Sv of low‐potential vorticity, high‐silicate water south toward Drake Passage. Deep current velocities from direct Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements are up to about 15 cm/s southward. The hydrographic data, as well as potential vorticity and silicate distributions, show that the current is comprised to a large extent of flow from the west moving along the southern flank of the Sala y Gomez Ridge and Nazca Ridge, and to a lesser extent from a flow along the eastern boundary entering directly from the Panama Basin. At the southern edge of the Chile Trench, the current weakens and partly turns offshore to cross the Chile Ridge through a complex region of passages. Above the southern flank of the Chile Rise the flow joins a broader eastward flow; together, these waters return to the eastern boundary before entering Drake Passage.
Seasonality of Freshwater in the East Greenland Current System From 2014 to 2016
Authors: Le Bras Isabela Alexander‐Astiz , Straneo Fiamma , Holte James , Holliday N. Penny
Published: November 2018

The initial 2 years of Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program mooring data (2014–2016) provide the first glimpse into the seasonality of freshwater in the complete East Greenland Current system. Using a set of eight moorings southeast of Greenland at 60∘ N, we find two distinct, persistent velocity cores on the shelf and slope. These are the East Greenland Coastal Current, which carries cold, fresh water from the Arctic and Greenland along the shelf, and the East Greenland/Irminger Current over the slope, which is a combination of cold, fresh waters and warm, salty waters of Atlantic origin. Together, these currents carry 70% of the freshwater transport across the subpolar North Atlantic east of Greenland. The freshwater transport referenced to a salinity of 34.9 is approximately equipartitioned between the coastal current (East Greenland Coastal Current) and the fresh portion of the slope current (East Greenland Current), which carry 42 ± 6 and 32 ± 6 mSv, respectively. The coastal and slope current freshwater transports have staggered seasonality during the observed period, peaking in December and March, respectively, suggesting that summer surveys have underestimated freshwater transport in this region. We find that the continental slope is freshest in the winter, when surface cooling mixes freshwater off the shelf. This previously unmeasured freshwater over the slope is likely to enter the Labrador Sea downstream, where it can impact deep convection.
Mutation landscape in patients with myelofibrosis receiving ruxolitinib or hydroxyurea
Authors: Pacilli Annalisa , Rotunno Giada , Mannarelli Carmela , Fanelli Tiziana , Pancrazzi Alessandro , Contini Elisa , Mannelli Francesco , Gesullo Francesca , Bartalucci Niccolò , Fattori Giuditta Corbizi , Paoli Chiara , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Guglielmelli Paola
Published: November 2018

Refractoriness to ruxolitinib in patients with myelofibrosis (MF) was associated with clonal evolution; however, whether genetic instability is promoted by ruxolitinib remains unsettled. We evaluated the mutation landscape in 71 MF patients receiving ruxolitinib (n = 46) and hydroxyurea (n = 25) and correlated with response. A spleen volume response (SVR) was obtained in 57% and 12%, respectively. Highly heterogenous patterns of mutation acquisition/loss and/or changes of variant allele frequency (VAF) were observed in the 2 patient groups without remarkable differences. In patients receiving ruxolitinib, driver mutation type and high-molecular risk profile (HMR) at baseline did not impact on response rate, while HMR and sole ASXL1 mutations predicted for SVR loss at 3 years. In patients with SVR, a decrease of ≥ 20% of JAK2V617F VAF predicted for SVR duration. VAF increase of non-driver mutations and clonal progression at follow-up correlated with SVR loss and treatment discontinuation, and clonal progression also predicted for shorter survival. These data indicate that (i) ruxolitinib does not appreciably promote clonal evolution compared with hydroxyurea, (ii) VAF increase of pre-existing and/or (ii) acquisition of new mutations while on treatment correlated with higher rate of discontinuation and/or death, and (iv) reduction of JAK2V617F VAF associated with SVR duration.
Preclinical development of a microRNA-based therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Ji Ming-liang , Jiang Hua , Zhang Xue-jun , Shi Pei-liang , Li Chao , Wu Hao , Wu Xiao-tao , Wang Yun-tao , Wang Chen , Lu Jun
Published: November 2018

Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the maintenance and destruction of intervertebral disc may lead to the development of new therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Here we present evidence from miRNA microarray analyses of clinical data sets along with in vitro and in vivo experiments that miR-141 is a key regulator of IDD. Gain- and loss-of-function studies show that miR-141 drives IDD by inducing nucleus pulposus (NP) apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-141 KO in mice attenuated spontaneous and surgically induced IDD. Mechanistically, miR-141 promotes IDD development by targeting and depleting SIRT1, a negative regulator of NF-κB pathway. Therapeutically, upregulation or downregulation of miR-141 by nanoparticle delivery in IDD model aggravated or alleviated experimental IDD, respectively. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which miR-141, in part, promotes IDD progression by interacting with SIRT1/NF-κB pathway. Blockade of miR-141 in vivo may serve as a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of IDD.
Cortical beta power reflects decision dynamics and uncovers multiple facets of post-error adaptation
Authors: Fischer Adrian G. , Nigbur Roland , Klein Tilmann A. , Danielmeier Claudia , Ullsperger Markus
Published: November 2018

Adapting to errors quickly is essential for survival. Reaction slowing after errors is commonly observed but whether this slowing is adaptive or maladaptive is unclear. Here, we analyse a large dataset from a flanker task using two complementary approaches: a multistage drift-diffusion model, and the lateralisation of EEG beta power as a time-resolved index of choice formation. Fitted model parameters and their independently measured neuronal proxies in beta power convergently show a complex interplay of multiple mechanisms initiated after mistakes. Suppression of distracting evidence, response threshold increase, and reduction of evidence accumulation cause slow and accurate post-error responses. This data provides evidence for both adaptive control and maladaptive orienting after errors yielding an adaptive net effect – a decreased likelihood to repeat mistakes. Generally, lateralised beta power provides a non-invasive readout of action selection for the study of speeded cognitive control processes.
Self-assembled nematic colloidal motors powered by light
Authors: Yuan Ye , Abuhaimed Ghaneema N. , Liu Qingkun , Smalyukh Ivan I.
Published: November 2018

Biological motors are marvels of nature that inspire creation of their synthetic counterparts with comparable nanoscale dimensions, high efficiency and diverse functions. Molecular motors have been synthesized, but obtaining nanomotors through self-assembly remains challenging. Here we describe a self-assembled colloidal motor with a repetitive light-driven rotation of transparent micro-particles immersed in a liquid crystal and powered by a continuous exposure to unstructured ~1 nW light. A monolayer of azobenzene molecules defines how the liquid crystal’s optical axis mechanically couples to the particle’s surface, as well as how they jointly rotate as the light’s polarization changes. The rotating particle twists the liquid crystal, which changes polarization of traversing light. The resulting feedback mechanism yields a continuous opto-mechanical cycle and drives the unidirectional particle spinning, with handedness and frequency robustly controlled by polarization and intensity of light. Our findings may lead to opto-mechanical devices and colloidal machines compatible with liquid crystal display technology.
Interaction paths promote module integration and network-level robustness of spliceosome to cascading effects
Authors: Guimarães Paulo R. , Pires Mathias M. , Cantor Maurício , Coltri Patricia P.
Published: November 2018

The functionality of distinct types of protein networks depends on the patterns of protein-protein interactions. A problem to solve is understanding the fragility of protein networks to predict system malfunctioning due to mutations and other errors. Spectral graph theory provides tools to understand the structural and dynamical properties of a system based on the mathematical properties of matrices associated with the networks. We combined two of such tools to explore the fragility to cascading effects of the network describing protein interactions within a key macromolecular complex, the spliceosome. UsingS.cerevisiaeas a model system we show that the spliceosome network has more indirect paths connecting proteins than random networks. Such multiplicity of paths may promote routes to cascading effects to propagate across the network. However, the modular network structure concentrates paths within modules, thus constraining the propagation of such cascading effects, as indicated by analytical results from the spectral graph theory and by numerical simulations of a minimal mathematical model parameterized with the spliceosome network. We hypothesize that the concentration of paths within modules favors robustness of the spliceosome against failure, but may lead to a higher vulnerability of functional subunits, which may affect the temporal assembly of the spliceosome. Our results illustrate the utility of spectral graph theory for identifying fragile spots in biological systems and predicting their implications.
Advanced spectroscopy-based phenotyping offers a potential solution to the ash dieback epidemic
Authors: Villari Caterina , Dowkiw Arnaud , Enderle Rasmus , Ghasemkhani Marjan , Kirisits Thomas , Kjær Erik D. , Marčiulynienė Diana , McKinney Lea V. , Metzler Berthold , Muñoz Facundo , Nielsen Lene R. , Pliūra Alfas , Stener Lars-Göran , Suchockas Vytautas , Rodriguez-Saona Luis , Bonello Pierluigi , Cleary Michelle
Published: November 2018

Natural and urban forests worldwide are increasingly threatened by global change resulting from human-mediated factors, including invasions by lethal exotic pathogens. Ash dieback (ADB), incited by the alien invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, has caused large-scale population decline of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) across Europe, and is threatening to functionally extirpate this tree species. Genetically controlled host resistance is a key element to ensure European ash survival and to restore this keystone species where it has been decimated. We know that a low proportion of the natural population of European ash expresses heritable, quantitative resistance that is stable across environments. To exploit this resource for breeding and restoration efforts, tools that allow for effective and efficient, rapid identification and deployment of superior genotypes are now sorely needed. Here we show that Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy of phenolic extracts from uninfected bark tissue, coupled with a model based on soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA), can robustly discriminate between ADB-resistant and susceptible European ash. The model was validated with populations of European ash grown across six European countries. Our work demonstrates that this approach can efficiently advance the effort to save such fundamental forest resource in Europe and elsewhere.
Publisher Correction: Computational repositioning and preclinical validation of mifepristone for human vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Sagers Jessica E. , Brown Adam S. , Vasilijic Sasa , Lewis Rebecca M. , Sahin Mehmet I. , Landegger Lukas D. , Perlis Roy H. , Kohane Isaac S. , Welling D. Bradley , Patel Chirag J. , Stankovic Konstantina M.
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Ligand–protein target screening from cell matrices using reactive desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry via a native-denatured exchange approach
Authors: Zheng Qiuling , Ruan Xujun , Tian Yang , Hu Jiaojiao , Wan Ning , Lu Wenjie , Xu Xiaowei , Wang Guangji , Hao Haiping , Ye Hui
Published: November 2018

Herein we use a reactive DESI-MS setup to interrogate specific ligand–protein interactions from cell matrices via a native-denatured exchange (NDX) approach.
Effect of droplet lifetime on where ions are formed in electrospray ionization
Authors: Xia Zijie , Williams Evan R.
Published: November 2018

The location of gaseous ion formation in electrospray ionization under native mass spectrometry conditions was investigated using theta emitters with tip diameters between 317 nm and 4.4 μm to produce droplets with lifetimes between 1 and 50 μs.
Identification of traditional East Asian handmade papers through the multivariate data analysis of pyrolysis-GC/MS data
Authors: Han Bin , Vial Jérôme , Sakamoto Shouji , Sablier Michel
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate the benefit of Py-GC/MS and PCA coupling for the identification of East Asian papers undetermined by microscopy.
Voltammetric analysis of naringenin at a disposable pencil graphite electrode – application to polyphenol content determination in citrus juice
Authors: David Iulia Gabriela , Litescu Simona Carmen , Popa Dana Elena , Buleandra Mihaela , Iordache Lorelei , Albu Camelia , Alecu Andreia , Penu Ramona Liliana
Published: November 2018

The electrochemical behaviour of the flavonoid naringenin (NGN) was investigated for the first time by cyclic voltammetry (CV), using a disposable electroactivated pencil graphite electrode (PGE*).
A spatially varying charge model for regulating site-selective protein adsorption and cell behaviors
Authors: Zhang Kejia , Xing Jun , Chen Junqi , Wang Zhengao , Zhai Jinxia , Yao Tiantian , Tan Guoxin , Qi Suijian , Chen Dafu , Yu Peng , Ning Chengyun
Published: November 2018

In this research, biomaterials with spatial charges distribution were designed to regulate site-selective protein adsorption and further cell behaviors.
Disturbance of adhesomes by gold nanoparticles reveals a size- and cell type-bias
Authors: Mulens-Arias Vladimir , Balfourier Alice , Nicolás-Boluda Alba , Carn Florent , Gazeau Florence
Published: November 2018

Gold nanoparticles are known multifunctional theranosis agents. Here, we studied the collective dynamics of adhesive F-actin rich structures upon AuNP treatment.
Introduction of Fe2+ in Fe0.8Ti1.2O40.8− nanosheets via photo reduction and their enhanced electrochemical performance as a lithium ion battery anode
Authors: Kong Xingang , Wang Xing , Ma Dingying , Huang Jianfeng , Li Jiayin , Zhao Ting , Yin Lixiong , Feng Qi
Published: November 2018

Fe2+ doped Fe0.8Ti1.2O40.8− nanosheets were prepared via delaminating H0.8Fe0.8Ti1.2O4 precursor and further photo reduction. It shows improved electrochemical performance due to the enhanced electrical conductivity by the introduction of Fe2+.
Amorphous silicon on indium tin oxide: a transparent electrode for simultaneous light activated electrochemistry and optical microscopy
Authors: Lian Jiaxin , Yang Ying , Wang Wenqian , Parker Stephen G. , Gonçales Vinicius R. , Tilley Richard D. , Gooding J. Justin
Published: November 2018

A transparent electrode which is able to perform simultaneous photoswitchable electrochemistry and optical microscopy imaging.
Insight into the optical, color, photoluminescence properties, and photocatalytic activity of the N–O and C–O functional groups decorating spinel type magnesium aluminate
Authors: Wang Shifa , Gao Huajing , Wei Yong , Li Yanwu , Yang Xiaohong , Fang Leiming , Lei Li
Published: November 2018

MgAl2O4 with a spinel structure was successfully synthesized using a gamma-ray irradiation assisted polyacrylamide gel method.
Can macrocyclic phosphonate molecules inhibit barium sulfate crystallization?
Authors: Radomirovic Tomoko , Ogden Mark I. , Rohl Andrew L. , Jones Franca
Published: November 2018

Macrocyclic compounds such as DOTP and NOTP are found to inhibit precipitation of barium sulfate just as potently as their non-cyclic counterparts depending on the ionisation state of the molecule.
Chiral differentiation of d- and l-isoleucine using permethylated β-cyclodextrin: infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy, ion-mobility mass spectrometry, and DFT calculations
Authors: Lee Sung-Sik , Lee Jae-ung , Oh Ju Hyeon , Park Soojin , Hong Yin , Min Byeong Ki , Lee Hyun Hee L. , Kim Hugh I. , Kong Xianglei , Lee Sungyul , Oh Han Bin
Published: November 2018

d-/l-Isoleucine chirality could be differentiated using IRMPD spectroscopy, ion-mobility mass spectrometry, and DFT calculations for the permethylated β-cyclodextrin non-covalent complex.
Ion-specificity and surface water dynamics in protein solutions
Authors: Janc Tadeja , Lukšič Miha , Vlachy Vojko , Rigaud Baptiste , Rollet Anne-Laure , Korb Jean-Pierre , Mériguet Guillaume , Malikova Natalie
Published: November 2018

NMR relaxation of water protons as a sensitive probe of ion-specific effects at protein surfaces.
Comparative study of the mobility of Pd species in SSZ-13 and ZSM-5, and its implication for their activity as passive NOx adsorbers (PNAs) after hydro-thermal aging
Authors: Lee Jaeha , Ryou YoungSeok , Hwang Sungha , Kim Yongwoo , Cho Sung June , Lee Hyokyoung , Kim Chang Hwan , Kim Do Heui
Published: November 2018

PNA ability and hydrothermal stability of Pd/ZSM-5 and Pd/SSZ-13 catalysts were comparatively studied.
Effect of the change of the ancillary carboxylate bridging ligand on the SMM and luminescence properties of a series of carboxylate-diphenoxido triply bridged dinuclear ZnLn and tetranuclear Zn2Ln2complexes (Ln = Dy, Er)
Authors: Echenique-Errandonea E. , Zabala-Lekuona A. , Cepeda J. , Rodríguez-Diéguez A. , Seco J. M. , Oyarzabal I. , Colacio E.
Published: November 2018

SMM behavior and intense photoluminescence are reported for eleven dinuclear and tetranuclear compounds.
Highly efficient prismatic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Huang Jiang , Xiang Siheng , Yu Junsheng , Li Chang-Zhi
Published: November 2018

Prismatic perovskite solar cells (Prim PVSC) were designed to mitigate thermodynamic losses of traditional single unit cells. By guiding the flow of light, the solar photons with high-to-low energy could be captured separately by the four subcells with varied, yet matched, bandgaps of MAPbIxBr3−xfilms. This is the first Prim PVSC with four series subcells that generates a recordVocof 5.3 V and a high PCE of 21.3%, providing a new method for breaking the PCE bottleneck of PVSCs.
EMA-amplicon-based taxonomic characterisation of the viable bacterial community present in untreated and SODIS treated roof-harvested rainwater
Authors: Strauss André , Reyneke Brandon , Waso Monique , Ndlovu Thando , Brink Casparus J. , Khan Sehaam , Khan Wesaal
Published: November 2018

Illumina next generation sequencing coupled with ethidium monoazide bromide (EMA) was used to characterise and compare the viable bacterial community present in roof-harvested rainwater pre- and post-treatment.
One-pot synthesis of N-methylpyrrolidine (NMPD) using Cu- and Ni-modified ZSM-5 as an efficient catalyst
Authors: Long Yan , Wang Peixue , Fei Yuqing , Zhou Dawei , Liu Shimin , Deng Youquan
Published: November 2018

In this study, a green, efficient and low-cost process for the synthesis of N-methylpyrrolidine (NMPD) from 1,4-butanediol (BDO) and methylamine (MA) via a one-pot method was developed.
Resolving protein mixtures using microfluidic diffusional sizing combined with synchrotron radiation circular dichroism
Authors: Bortolini Christian , Kartanas Tadas , Copic Davor , Condado Morales Itzel , Zhang Yuewen , Challa Pavan K. , Peter Quentin , Jávorfi Tamás , Hussain Rohanah , Dong Mingdong , Siligardi Giuliano , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Charmet Jérôme
Published: November 2018

Microfluidic diffusional sizing is combined with synchrotron radiation circular dichroism to resolve the secondary structure of protein mixtures.
Development of a FRET-based ratiometric fluorescent probe to monitor the changes in palladium(ii) in aqueous solution and living cells
Authors: Wang Li , Ren Mingguang , Li Zihong , Dai Lixuan , Lin Weiying
Published: November 2018

We have developed a new small-molecule based, mitochondrial-targeted ratiometric fluorescent palladium(ii) probe (CR-Pd). Fluorescence imaging shows that CR-Pd is suitable for the ratiometric visualization of palladium(ii) in living cells.
High-speed imaging and tracking of very small single nanoparticles by contrast enhanced microscopy
Authors: Cheng Ching-Ya , Liao Yi-Hung , Hsieh Chia-Lung
Published: November 2018

Direct visualization of single 10 nm nanoparticles at 1000 frames per second is achieved by using coherent brightfield (COBRI) microscopy.
Tunable 2D binary colloidal alloys for soft nanotemplating
Authors: Fernández-Rodríguez Miguel Ángel , Elnathan Roey , Ditcovski Ran , Grillo Fabio , Conley Gaurasundar Marc , Timpu Flavia , Rauh Astrid , Geisel Karen , Ellenbogen Tal , Grange Rachel , Scheffold Frank , Karg Matthias , Richtering Walter , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Isa Lucio
Published: November 2018

2D binary colloidal alloys obtained by sequential depositions of microgel monolayers used to fabricate vertically aligned nanowires by soft nanotemplating.
A polyelectrolyte-containing copolymer with a gas-switchable lower critical solution temperature-type phase transition
Authors: Li Jin-Jin , Zhou Yin-Ning , Luo Zheng-Hong , Zhu Shiping
Published: November 2018

A polyelectrolyte-containing copolymer with a CO2/N2-switchable cloud point, resulting from the gas-induced alternation of hydrophilicity, was prepared.
Photoinduced synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated ketones through the oxidative trifluoromethylation of styrenes using CF3SO2Na as a trifluoromethyl reagent without an external photoredox catalyst
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Li Pinhua , Zhang Hao , Wang Lei
Published: November 2018

A photoinduced strategy to access α-CF3-substituted ketones by styrenes with sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate (CF3SO2Na) without an external photocatalyst was developed.
Direct conjugate additions using aryl and alkyl organic halides in air and water
Authors: Zhou Feng , Hu Xiaoyun , Zhang Wanying , Li Chao-Jun
Published: November 2018

The direct aryl-conjugate addition to electron-deficient alkenes without prior stoichiometric formation of organometallic reagents in water catalyzed by copper represents an important but unresolved challenge.
Red-light-responsive molecular encapsulation in water: an ideal combination of photochemistry and host–guest interaction
Authors: Wei Jie , Jin Ting-Ting , Yin Yong-Fei , Jiang Xia-Min , Zheng Si-Tai , Zhan Tian-Guang , Cui Jiecheng , Liu Li-Juan , Kong Li-Chun , Zhang Kang-Da
Published: November 2018

Red-light-responsive CB[8]-mediated host–guest system featured with high photoisomerization ratio was fabricated which could be used as molecular container with red-light-activated release ability.
Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/short glass fibre/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Rasana Nanoth , Jayanarayanan Karingamanna , Pegoretti Alessandro
Published: November 2018

Application of Avrami, Mo, Ozawa models for non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of multiscale filler reinforced PP composites.
Cyperane and eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids from Chinese liverwort and their anti-diabetic nephropathy potential
Authors: Zhang Jiaozhen , Wang Yongjie , Zhu Rongxiu , Li Yi , Li Yuelan , Qiao Yanan , Zhou Jinchuan , Lou Hongxiang
Published: November 2018

Six new sesquiterpenoids, including cyperane (1 and 2) and eudesmane (3–6) types, and one known eudesmane derivative (7), were isolated from the Chinese liverwort Chiloscyphus polyanthus var. rivularis (Schrad.) Nees.
Non-invasive study of the three-dimensional structure of nanoporous triblock terpolymer membranes
Authors: Zalami Daniel , Grimm Oliver , Schacher Felix H. , Gerken Uwe , Köhler Jürgen
Published: November 2018

Single-particle orbit tracking for characterising the 3d morphology of liquid-filled nanoporous structures.
Understanding on the structural and electrochemical performance of orthorhombic sodium manganese oxides
Authors: Choi Ji Ung , Yoon Chong Seung , Zhang Qian , Kaghazchi Payam , Jung Young Hwa , Lee Kug-Seung , Ahn Do-Cheon , Sun Yang-Kook , Myung Seung-Taek
Published: November 2018

Sodium manganese oxide with divalent Ni in prismatic sites, represented as o-Na0.67[Ni0.05Mn0.95]O2, shows high capacity with excellent cyclability.
Assembling laminated films via the synchronous reduction of graphene oxide and formation of copper-based metal organic frameworks
Authors: Li Li , Chen Ruyi , Gong Yujiao , Yu Chenyang , Hui Zengyu , Xu Hai , Zhao Xi , Sun Yue , Zhao Wen , Sun Gengzhi , Huang Wei
Published: November 2018

A free-standing laminated hybrid film is prepared via the synchronous reduction of graphene oxide and formation of copper-based metal organic frameworks.
The role of chamaejasmine in cellular apoptosis and autophagy in MG-63 cells
Authors: Yang Dawei , Zhang Hao , Wu Jianjun , Ma Ruishuang , Li Zongyu , Wang Kunzheng , Yang Fan
Published: November 2018

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant neoplasm in children and adolescents with a very high propensity for local invasion and poor response to current therapy. Anti-cancer effect of chamaejasmine is newly discovered from Stellera chamaejasmine L. Our study focuses on investigating the effect of chamaejasmine on the cellular apoptosis, proliferation, autophagy, and the underlying mechanisms in MG-63.

Methods: Our study investigated the concentration of chamaejasmine in MG-63 cells by MTT and verified that chamaejasmine inhibited cell invasion by transwell. We also used Hoechst staining as well as apoptotic associated-proteins in MG-63 cells. Meanwhile, we also detected the lysophagesome and autophagsome by Lysotracker. Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) knockdown was performed with siRNA.

Results: Our results show that chamaejasmine exerts cellular growth inhibition, pro-apoptotic and pro-autophagic effect via activating AMPK in MG-63 cells. Furthermore, chamaejasmine significantly increases autophagic cell via the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and activation of AMPK signaling pathways. Administrated with chamaejasmine also induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, indicating cross-talking between these two primary modes of programmed cell death.

Conclusion: Our results show that chamaejasmine promotes apoptosis and autophagy by activating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways with involvement of ROS in MG-63 cells. Chamaejasmine is a promising anti-cancer agent in OS treatment, and further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in vivo or other cancer cells.