bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How can we discover the most valuable types of big data and artificial intelligence-based solutions? A methodology for the efficient development of the underlying analytics that improve care
Authors: Bakker Lytske , Aarts Jos , Uyl-de Groot Carin , Redekop Ken
Published: November 2021

Background

Much has been invested in big data and artificial intelligence-based solutions for healthcare. However, few applications have been implemented in clinical practice. Early economic evaluations can help to improve decision-making by developers of analytics underlying these solutions aiming to increase the likelihood of successful implementation, but recommendations about their use are lacking. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a framework that positions best practice methods for economic evaluations alongside development of analytics, thereby enabling developers to identify barriers to success and to select analytics worth further investments.

Methods

The framework was developed using literature, recommendations for economic evaluations and by applying the framework to use cases (chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), intensive care, diabetes). First, the feasibility of developing clinically relevant analytics was assessed and critical barriers to successful development and implementation identified. Economic evaluations were then used to determine critical thresholds and guide investment decisions.

Results

When using the framework to assist decision-making of developers of analytics, continuing development was not always feasible or worthwhile. Developing analytics for progressive CLL and diabetes was clinically relevant but not feasible with the data available. Alternatively, developing analytics for newly diagnosed CLL patients was feasible but continuing development was not considered worthwhile because the high drug costs made it economically unattractive for potential users. Alternatively, in the intensive care unit, analytics reduced mortality and per-patient costs when used to identify infections (− 0.5%, − €886) and to improve patient-ventilator interaction (− 3%, − €264). Both analytics have the potential to save money but the potential benefits of analytics that identify infections strongly depend on infection rate; a higher rate implies greater cost-savings.

Conclusions

We present a framework that stimulates efficiency of development of analytics for big data and artificial intelligence-based solutions by selecting those applications of analytics for which development is feasible and worthwhile. For these applications, results from early economic evaluations can be used to guide investment decisions and identify critical requirements.
Correlation of CCL8 expression with immune cell infiltration of skin cutaneous melanoma: potential as a prognostic indicator and therapeutic pathway
Authors: Yang Peipei , Chen Wanrong , Xu Hua , Yang Junhan , Jiang Jinghang , Jiang Yunhui , Xu Ganglin
Published: November 2021

Background

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical in the progression and metastasis of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). Differences in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and their gene expression have been linked to cancer prognosis. Given that immunotherapy can be effective against SKCM, we aimed to identify key genes that regulate the immunological state of the TME in SKCM.

Methods

Data from 471 SKCM patients in the The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed using ESTIMATE algorithms to generate an ImmuneScore, StromalScore, and EstimateScore for each patient. Patients were classified into low- or high-score groups based on median values, then compared in order to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was developed, and a prognostic model was created using uni- and multivariate Cox regression as well as the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Key DEGs were identified using the web-based tool GEPIA. Profiles of TIC subpopulations in each patient were analyzed using CIBORSORT, and possible correlations between key DEG expression and TICs were explored. Levels of CCL8 were determined in SKCM and normal skin tissue using immunohistochemistry.

Results

Two scores correlated positively with the prognosis of SKCM patients. Comparison of the low- and high-score groups revealed 1684 up-regulated and 18 down-regulated DEGs, all of which were enriched in immune-related functions. The prognostic model identified CCL8 as a key gene, which CIBERSORT found to correlate with M1 macrophages. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong expression in SKCM tissue, but failed to detect the protein in normal skin tissue.

Conclusions

CCL8 is a potential prognostic marker for SKCM, and it may become an effective target for melanoma in which M1 macrophages play an important role.
PAR1 and PAR4 exert opposite effects on tumor growth and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways
Authors: Zhao Jia , Jin Guangyu , Liu Xudong , Wu Kai , Yang Yang , He Zhanfeng , Liu Donglei , Zhang Chunyang , Zhu Dengyan , Jiao Jia , Li Xiangnan , Zhao Song
Published: November 2021

Background

Esophageal carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process in which genetic and environmental factors interact to activate intracellular signals, leading to the uncontrolled survival and growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. The intracellular pathways of ESCC cells could be regulated by proteinase activated-receptors (PARs), which are comprised of four receptors (i.e., PAR-1, PAR-2, PAR-3, and PAR-4). Therefore, the function and possible mechanism of PAR1 and PAR4 in the progression of ECSS were explored in our study.

Methods

First, we detected the expression levels of PAR1 and PAR4 in 27 cases of ESCC specimens and cell lines by RT-qPCR, IHC and western blot. Meanwhile, the correlation between PAR1/PAR4 expression levels, clinicopathological characteristics, and disease free survival was analyzed. Then, we constructed PAR1/PAR4 knockdown cell models and investigated the role of PAR1/PAR4 knockdown on the proliferation, apoptosis, changes of calcium flow, and metastasis of ESCC cells via MTT, flow cytometry, transwell and wound healing assays in vitro. Further, an experimental metastasis model in vivo was established to explore the role of stable PAR1/PAR4 knockdown on the growth and metastasis of ESCC cells. Finally, the role of nSMase2 in the activation of NF-κB induced by PAR4 and the role of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways in the PAR1/PAR4-mediated tumor promoting or suppressive functions were measured by immunoprecipitation, western blot and immunofluorescence assays.

Results

First, the integrated results demonstrated the expression levels of PAR1 and PAR4 are inversely proportional in ESCC. PAR1 potently enhanced tumor growth and metastasis, while PAR4 had an inhibitory effect. Further, the co-activation of STAT3 and NF-κB was involved in the PAR1 activation-induced tumor promoting effect, while only NF-κB participated in the PAR4 activation-induced tumor inhibitory effect in ESCC. To be specific, FAK/PI3K/AKT/STAT3/NF-κB signaling mediated PAR1 activation-induced tumor promoting effect and nSMase2/MAPK/NF-κB signaling mediated PAR4 activation-induced tumor inhibitory effect.

Conclusions

Overall, the study has provided new insights into the potential implication of PAR1 and PAR4 in the pathogenesis of ESCC. Besides, FAK/PI3K/AKT/STAT3/NF-κB and nSMase2/MAPK/NF-κB pathways may be novel targets for regulating tumor growth and metastasis in ESCC patients.
An overview and bibliometric analysis on the colorectal cancer therapy by magnetic functionalized nanoparticles for the responsive and targeted drug delivery
Authors: Darroudi Mahdieh , Gholami Mehrdad , Rezayi Majid , Khazaei Majid
Published: November 2021

With the growing demands for personalized medicine and medical devices, nanomedicine is a modern scientific field, and research continues to apply nanomaterials for therapeutic and damaged tissue diagnosis. In this regard, substantial progress has been made in synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles with desired sizes, chemical composition, morphologies, and surface chemistry. Among these materials, nanomagnetic iron oxides have demonstrated promise as unique drug delivery carriers due to cancer treatment. This carrier could lead to responsive properties to a specific trigger, including heat, pH, alternative magnetic field, or even enzymes, through functionalization and coating of magnetic nanoparticles, along with biocompatibility, good chemical stability, easy functionalization, simple processing, and ability to localize to the tumor site with the assistance of external magnetic field. Current studies have focused on magnetic nanoparticles’ utilities in cancer therapy, especially for colorectal cancer. Additionally, a bibliometric investigation was performed on the public trends in the field of the magnetic nanoparticle to drug delivery and anticancer, which represented progressing applications of these carriers in the multidisciplinary zones with a general view on future research and identified potential opportunities and challenges. Furthermore, we outline the current challenges and forthcoming research perspective for high performance and fostering advanced MNPs in colorectal cancer treatment.

Graphical Abstract
treekoR: identifying cellular-to-phenotype associations by elucidating hierarchical relationships in high-dimensional cytometry data
Authors: Chan Adam , Jiang Wei , Blyth Emily , Yang Jean , Patrick Ellis
Published: November 2021

High-throughput single-cell technologies hold the promise of discovering novel cellular relationships with disease. However, analytical workflows constructed for these technologies to associate cell proportions with disease often employ unsupervised clustering techniques that overlook the valuable hierarchical structures that have been used to define cell types. We present treekoR, a framework that empirically recapitulates these structures, facilitating multiple quantifications and comparisons of cell type proportions. Our results from twelve case studies reinforce the importance of quantifying proportions relative to parent populations in the analyses of cytometry data — as failing to do so can lead to missing important biological insights.
Indoor cycling training in rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction
Authors: Gloc Dagmara , Nowak Zbigniew , Nowak-Lis Agata , Gabryś Tomasz , Szmatlan-Gabrys Urszula , Valach Peter , Pilis Anna
Published: November 2021

Background

Standard endurance training used from the second stage of cardiac rehabilitation has many common features with indoor cycling training which is used in fitness clubs. In the study, an attempt was made to evaluate the usefulness of this form of training in a 24-day rehabilitation program for patients after myocardial infarction. The study examined a group of 64 patients (51.34 ± 8.02 years) who were divided into two groups: the IC group (32 patients aged 53.40 ± 4.31 years) with indoor cycling training instead of standard endurance training; and the ST group (32 patients aged 55.31 ± 6.45 years) performing standard training. The level of exercise tolerance (cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill—Bruce’s protocol), hemodynamic indicators of the left ventricle (echocardiography) and blood lipid profile (laboratory test) were assessed.

Results

In the IC group there was a significant increase in the test duration (9.21 ± 2.02 vs 11.24 ± 1.26 min; p < 0.001), the MET value (9.16 ± 1.30 vs 10.73 ± 1.23; p = 0.006) and VO2max (37.27 ± 3.23 vs 39.10 ± 3.17 ml/kg/min; p < 0.001). Parallel changes were observed in the ST group, where the following parameters improved: the test duration (9.41 ± 0.39 vs 10.91 ± 2.22; p < 0.001), MET value (8.65 ± 0.25 vs 9.86 ± 1.12; p = 0.002) and VO2max (36.89 ± 6.22 vs 38.76 ± 3.44; p < 0.001). No statistically significant changes were found in the hemodynamic indices of the left ventricle and the lipid profile. Also, the intergroup analysis did not show any statistical significance.

Conclusion

Based on the research results, it was found that indoor cycling training in the second phase of cardiac rehabilitation is a safe form of therapy and therefore may be an interesting alternative method to the classic bicycle ergometer exercise in the stage of early cardiac rehabilitation.
Bridging juvenile justice and behavioral health systems: development of a clinical pathways approach to connect youth at risk for suicidal behavior to care
Authors: Wasserman Gail A. , Elkington Katherine S. , Robson Gail , Taxman Faye
Published: November 2021

Background

Justice-involved youth have high rates of suicidal behavior and co-morbid psychiatric disorders, yet low rates of service use. Implementation efforts aimed at supporting cross-agency linkage protocols may be useful components of interventions promoting behavioral healthcare service access for youths on probation. The purpose of this study was to develop clear referral Pathways for three suicide risk classifications of youth, across 10 counties in a single state through a community-academic partnership in New York state, a strategic planning process between county Probation departments and community Behavioral Health.

Results

We sought to clarify service destinations for youth in three classes of risk for suicidal behavior: Class I (Crisis, Imminent Risk); Class II (Crisis, Non-Imminent Risk); and Class III (Non-Crisis but in Need of Service). Prior to Pathway Meetings, there was a low degree of agreement between Probation and Behavioral Health leadership for the appropriate service destination for youths in crisis, whether at imminent risk (Class I: 57.8% overlap) or at lower than imminent risk (Class II: 45.6% overlap). Options for referral destinations for Classes I and II decreased significantly (indicating greater overlap) as a result of Pathway Meetings [(Class I: from 2.5 to 1.1 (t(9) = 3.28, p < 0.01); Class II: from 2.8 to 1.3 (t(9) = 4.025, p < 0.003)]. Pathway Meetings allowed Behavioral Health and Juvenile Justice systems to make joint decisions regarding referral pathways, resulting in innovative solutions, such as the use of mobile crisis.

Conclusions

The community-academic partnership served to bring internal (Juvenile Justice) and external (Behavioral Health) contexts together to successfully generate agreed upon Pathways to care for youths demonstrating risk for suicidal behavior. Bridging Behavioral Health and Juvenile Justice systems together to agree to referral Pathways for each risk class can increase appropriate service use.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03586895. Registered 21 June 2018, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/template/EditRecord.vm?epmode=Edit&listmode=Edit&uid=U0003B7I&ts=4&sid=S00080NN&cx=-n4kinh
Perceived stress, quality of life, and coping skills among patients with schizophrenia in symptomatic remission
Authors: Shoib Sheikh , Das Soumitra , Gupta Anoop Krishna , Saleem Tamkeen , Saleem Sheikh Mohd
Published: November 2021

Background

Schizophrenia is one of the worst diseases with its ubiquitous challenges due to its unique psychopathology and life events. Patients with schizophrenia use various coping strategies to overcome distress. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between perceived stress, quality of life, and coping skills in patients with schizophrenia in remission. A total of 48 consecutive patients of schizophrenia, in remission, attending outpatient department of psychiatry at Academic hospital, South India, who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for the present study. The participants were assessed on Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale, Ways of Coping Checklist – Revised and Perceived Stress Scale and WHO Quality of Life. Results were analyzed using appropriate statistical package software v 16.0.

Result

Highest medial was found in self-controlling and positive reappraisal coping skills. Distancing is associated with high physical domain of quality of life whereas patients with good social support score more in social and physical domain of quality of life.

Conclusion

Patients with history of schizophrenia even though in remission dwell a stressful life. They often need different kind of social support or cognitive aids. In that view, studying their stress level, ability to cope with it, and quality of life will help us to manage them in better way.
The Cultural Creation of the Ethnic Korean Minority in China
Authors: de Wit Jerôme
Published: November 2021

Korean-Chinese literature after the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) predominantly eulogized the lives of farmers. Such literature portrayed farmers' lives and how, through their work, they could transform both their own livelihoods and that of the nation, this time not in the name of imperialism, but communism. Although such stories reflect themes that one finds in Chinese literature from that period, stories written by Korean-Chinese authors are distinct because they do not shy away from depicting their shared historical experiences under Japanese colonial rule in Manchukuo. Moreover, this colonial experience was in fact highlighted to make it play an important role in the creation and fortification of a Korean-Chinese identity. The Korean-Chinese stories from this period focus exclusively on the local to conjure an image of community. Local problems, however, were often construed as colonial remnants from the Japanese rule in Manchukuo and, in turn, stressed the perceived existence of class differences inside Korean-Chinese communities. While their literature was an attempt to expunge such traits and unify the Korean-Chinese community, they inadvertently created new narratives that exacerbated existing tensions and divisiveness instead.
The laminin-binding integrins regulate nuclear factor κB-dependent epithelial cell polarity and inflammation
Authors: Yazlovitskaya Eugenia M. , Plosa Erin , Bock Fabian , Viquez Olga M. , Mernaugh Glenda , Gewin Leslie S. , De Arcangelis Adele , Georges-Labouesse Elisabeth , Sonnenberg Arnoud , Blackwell Timothy S. , Pozzi Ambra , Zent Roy
Published: November 2021

The main laminin-binding integrins α3β1, α6β1 and α6β4 are co-expressed in the developing kidney collecting duct system. We previously showed that deleting the integrin α3 or α6 subunit in the ureteric bud, which gives rise to the kidney collecting system, caused either a mild or no branching morphogenesis phenotype, respectively. To determine whether these two integrin subunits cooperate in kidney collecting duct development, we deleted α3 and α6 in the developing ureteric bud. The collecting system of the double knockout phenocopied the α3 integrin conditional knockout. However, with age, the mice developed severe inflammation and fibrosis around the collecting ducts, resulting in kidney failure. Integrin α3α6-null collecting duct epithelial cells showed increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and displayed mesenchymal characteristics, causing loss of barrier function. These features resulted from increased nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activity, which regulated the Snail and Slug (also known as Snai1 and Snai2, respectively) transcription factors and their downstream targets. These data suggest that laminin-binding integrins play a key role in the maintenance of kidney tubule epithelial cell polarity and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by regulating NF-κB-dependent signaling.
Anthraquinodimethane Ring-Flip in Sterically Congested Alkenes: Isolation of Isomer and Elucidation of Intermediate through Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Ishigaki Yusuke , Tadokoro Tomoki , Harabuchi Yu , Hayashi Yuki , Maeda Satoshi , Suzuki Takanori
Published: November 2021

From the viewpoint of the development of molecular response systems, stimulus-induced switching of multi-conformational/multi-configurational overcrowded ethylenes are interesting, whose properties could be manipulated by understanding the detailed isomerization paths. Anthraquinodimethane (AQD) ring-flip is usually a very fast process, and thus less studied experimentally. Herein, we studied AQDs with dibenzo- and tribenzocycloheptatrienylidene units, which have large enough steric hindrance to retard the AQD ring-flip to allow determination of the ΔG≠ value experimentally. Their thermal isomerization was also scrutinized using the artificial force induced reaction method to elucidate the intermediates. Based on the structural unsymmetry in a newly prepared AQD, one of the isomers that undergoes a reversible conformational change via AQD ring-flip was isolated and analyzed by X-ray for the first time.
Introduction of Electronic Technology into Education
Authors: Damchaasuren H.
Published: November 2021

The development of information technology has given an important impetus to the development of many sectors of development, including education. One of the conditions for improving learning outcomes in terms of new approaches and requirements is the introduction of information technology.

The 21st century is called informational (knowledge-based, information technology, etc.). At this time of increasing information flow and rapid technological development, there is a need for cooperation and exchange of information and knowledge. In 2019, Mongolia was ranked 14th in Asia in the ICT Development Index in a keynote speech at the Mongolia International Digital User Conference.

The use of active teaching methods improves the knowledge and skills of students. Active learning is learning that engages learners in the learning process and allows them to think about what they are doing and find ways to do it. Active learning is about helping students learn for themselves, not teaching them. Since the development of computer technology and the emergence of the Internet, scientists and educators in developed and developing countries of the world have conducted a wide range of experimental studies on the use of electronic technology and electronic materials in the learning process. Depending on the type of information technology used in training, it is divided into: e-learning, mobile learning, u-learning, blended learning, and more. The study mentioned in the article is a blended form of study, and in recent years, it has become commonplace in the best universities in the world to combine full-time education with online education at the same level.

The study of methods and ways of introducing electronic technology in education are of practical importance. In this article, we present the results of some studies carried out on the example of teaching the subject of engineering graphics at MGUNT.
Sense of coherence and perception of self-influence on the disease course among patients with schizophrenia including quality of life – pilot studies
Authors: Biczak Joanna , Iniewicz Grzegorz , Cichocki Łukasz
Published: November 2021

Cel pracy

Aktualne badania kliniczne wskazują na wiele czynników mogących mieć wpływ zarówno pozytywny, jak i negatywny na występowanie kolejnych epizodów choroby u pacjentów z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii. Głównym celem tej pracy była wstępna analiza związku pomiędzy poczuciem koherencji i wpływu na przebieg choroby a jakością życia uwarunkowaną aktualnym stanem zdrowia osób chorych na schizofrenię.

Metoda

Badanie przeprowadzone zostało wśród 50 chorych, u których zdiagnozowano schizofrenię zgodnie z kryteriami ICD-10, i którzy na przestrzeni 2 lat od ostatniej hospitalizacji doświadczyli/ bądź nie kolejnego epizodu schizofrenii. W celu dokonania oceny aktualnego poczucia koherencji, wpływu na przebieg choroby i jakości życia uczestnicy poproszeni zostali o wypełnienie: Kwestionariusza Orientacji Życiowych (SOC-29), Krótkiej Skali Poczucia Wpływu na Przebieg Choroby – Wersja dla Schizofrenii i Kwestionariusza Poczucia Jakości Życia.

Wyniki

Analiza statystyczna wykazała brak istotnych różnic pod względem poczucia koherencji, wpływu na przebieg choroby, czy jakości życia pomiędzy osobami z nawrotem i pozostającymi w remisji. Równocześnie w obu porównywanych grupach zaobserwowano występowanie związku pomiędzy poczuciem koherencji i jakością życia. W grupie osób z nawrotem choroby odnotowano także korelację jakości życia w sferze metafizycznej (duchowej) z poczuciem wpływu na przebieg choroby.

Wnioski

Przeprowadzone badanie pilotażowe nasuwa przypuszczenie, że niezależnie od aktualnego stanu zdrowia, u pacjentów z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii to poczucie koherencji w sferze zaradności i sensowności może być ściśle powiązane z psychofizyczną, psychospołeczną i podmiotową sferą jakości ich życia.
Changes in self-reported emotional and behavioral problems of Polish adolescents in 2000 and 2013
Authors: Konowałek Łukasz , Srebnicki Tomasz
Published: November 2021

Cel pracy

Opisujemy zmiany w samoopisie problemów emocjonalnych i behawioralnych polskich nastolatków na przestrzeni 13 lat. Chociaż już wcześniej opisywaliśmy podobne zmiany w populacji 16 latków, do tej pory nie mieliśmy dostępu do danych dla szerszego przedziału wiekowego.

Metoda

Do oceny nasilenia problemów emocjonalnych i behawioralnych posłużyliśmy się kwestionariuszem Youth Self Report (YSR). Porównaliśmy mediany wyników oraz przeprowadziliśmy analizy regresji przy uwzględnieniu czynników takich jak wiek i płeć. Przeprowadziliśmy analizę regresji logistycznej z użyciem wyników z obszaru klinicznego.

Wyniki

Mediany wyników większości skal były wyższe po 13 latach, chociaż różnice nie były duże. Uzyskaliśmy efekt moderacji płci i wieku. Wyniki z obszaru klinicznego na skalach problemów z uwagą oraz problemów z myśleniem były półtora raza częstsze w grupe badanej z roku 2013.

Wnioski

Nie stwierdzamy istotnych różnic w samoopisie problemów emocjonalnych i behawioralnych polskich nastolatków w latach 2000-2013. Zaobserwowaliśmy inne sposoby radzenia sobie z presją psychiczną u chłopców i dziewcząt: chłopcy raportowali więcej problemów z niedostosowaniem oraz zachowań eksternalizacyjnych, a dziewczęta raportowały więcej problemów na wszystkich skalach.
KATYUSHA IN THE SMOKE OF GUNPOWDER—ON FEMALE CONSCIOUSNESS IN ALEKSEYEVICH'S WRITINGS
Authors: MA GUO-JIN
Published: November 2021

Alekseyevich is the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2015. He is a journalist and writer in Belarus. She is good at documentary writing. The author pays attention to female groups from the literary level, and his works have obvious characteristics of female consciousness. Taking " War’s Unwomanly Face" as an example, this paper explores women's consciousness and position in Alexeievic's works from the perspectives of women's war image, life changes before, during and after the war, and identity alienation.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN IN TERMS OF LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Authors: SUN KAI-LAI , ZHANG YUN-RUI
Published: November 2021

This research is a comparative study of college entrance examination for English listening test in China and Japan. The comparison will be conducted between China’s CEEBA (College Entrance Examination in Beijing Area) and Japan’s NCT (National Center Test of Japan) in terms of difficulty of the tests and validity by checking whether or not they are measuring the items that are intended to measure. And according to the analysis and study some suggestions to improve the both tests are expected to be found out.
THE CHARACTERISTICS AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR BIOSECURITY CRIMES UNDER THE NEW SITUATION
Authors: ZANG JIAN-GUO , LI JIN
Published: November 2021

Today, China is facing many risk factors and great challenges in biosecurity crimes. Covered by non-traditional security, In terms of crime risk sources, crime threat forms, crime consequences, crime status, and crime trends，biosecurity crimes are different from traditional security crimes. Under the new situation, countermeasures to address biosecurity crimes include coordination of traditional and non-traditional security; construction of a prevention and control system based on big data; intensified personnel training; technology research and development; improvement of laws and regulations; combined governance of departments; effective international cooperation, and so on.
THE ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE EXPRESSION FORMS IN CONTEMPORARY CHINESE NOVELS
Authors: BIAN YI-DUO
Published: November 2021

As an important part of literary form, novels have a wide audience. Novels play an important role in recording and reflecting the changes of history, society and people's spiritual consciousness. The novel has various forms of expression, and its narrative methods and techniques have been fully developed. Through the interpretation of the narrative expression of the novel, we can find that: with the development of the times, the change of social background, the change of people's spiritual ideology, the expression forms and methods of the novel also show diversity. Mining and refining the epitome of historical development from novels also reflects its importance as a literary carrier.
A REVIEW OF FOREIGN STUDIES ON THIRD LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
Authors: DING HAN , DING AN-QI
Published: November 2021

The article employs CiteSpace analysis tool and the visualization method of bibliometrics to analyze the knowledge structure of the third language acquisition field in the past 30 years based on 221 foreign research articles from Web of Science core journal database. The study finds and combs the main research frontiers and development evolution processes in the field of third language acquisition through cluster analysis and co-citation analysis, which helps to grasp the knowledge structure and development context in third language acquisition, and provides enlightenment for the research in the field of third language acquisition in China.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE THEME IN THE KILLERS FROM PERSPECTIVE OF ICEBERG THEORY
Authors: ZHANG YA-KUN
Published: November 2021

The Killers was published in 1927 and became one of the classic works of Ernest Hemingway. The whole novel is composed of dialogues and contains profound themes in concise language but contains rich storyline and profound themes. In 1932, Hemingway proposed the famous Iceberg Theory in his documentary work as a metaphor. Then the iceberg theory soon becomes a typical theory with simple art in terms of style which is deleting the dispensable things in the novel. Therefore, the author hopes to use the classic Iceberg Theory, combining with the text, to analyze the two themes in the paper: the violent and chaotic society at the time and the sense of helplessness and despair of people. Many people were confused and puzzled about the society at that time and felt at a loss. In a chaotic society full of violence, no direction in life can be found, so people's life is helpless and desperate. So, people could appreciate the unique literature values of The Killers and further understand the dark side of the society behind it. Using the analytical perspective of Iceberg Theory can provide readers a more accurate understanding of Hemingway's creative methods which is helpful for understanding the connotation of Hemingway's fictions.
EXPLORATION ON THE CULTIVATION MODE OF MICRO-PROFESSIONAL TALENTS IN TAEKWONDO UNIVERSITY
Authors: MEN LU
Published: November 2021

The wide application of information technology and the rapid change of social and economic environment have put forward higher requirements for the training of talents in Colleges and universities. Micro specialty, which is oriented by employment, can make up for the shortage of traditional talent training mode, and is one of the important ways to reform teaching mode. Taekwondo education micro professional talent training design, with a centralized, efficient and flexible training mode, enables students to quickly master the professional skills in Taekwondo education industry, supplement professional short board, improve professional skills and promote successful employment. It not only breaks through the traditional talent training mode in Colleges and universities, but also opens a new chapter of cooperation between industry and learning and collaborative education. In order to implement the spirit of the National Conference on undergraduate education of colleges and universities in the new era, promote the construction of "new engineering" and "new liberal arts", innovate the talent training mode, effectively make up for the problems of too small division of majors, too narrow caliber and too long training period, improve the matching degree between professional training and employment career development needs, and promote the cross integration of students' interdisciplinary knowledge and ability, this paper puts forward some suggestions High quality of personnel training.[1] Therefore, micro professional education and teaching came into being.
ON SKOPOS THEORY AND KU HUNGMING’S TRANSLATION OF LUNYU
Authors: ZHANG JIAN-WEN
Published: November 2021

There are a variety of translations of Lunyu into English, among which Ku Hungming’s version is highly debated. Some people argue that Ku’s translation is too creative while other people believe his selection of wording is superior to that of others. Lin Yutang’s comments on Ku’s translation of Lunyu are, “His English is outstanding, which is rarely seen in the late two hundred years. His diction and word selection is outstanding.” As is pointed out by Jing Shuoyu, the purpose of translation is to help communication and understanding. Ku’s translation of Lunyu has made comparisons between well-known figures and books from the source and target cultures, it has also cited famous authors from the target culture. Therefore, it is argued in this article that Ku had decreased barriers between the source culture and target culture, hence the translator seemed ‘invisible’.
RESEARCH ON PUNITIVE DAMAGES FOR "EITHER-OR CHOICE" MONOPOLY BEHAVIOR OF INTERNET PLATFORM
Authors: LIU YANG , XU KUN
Published: November 2021

As Alibaba Group was fined 18.228 billion yuan, the "Either-or Choice" behavior of the Internet platform has also come under heated discussion. In the long term, "Either-or Choice" behavior will not only destroy the order of market economy, but also damage the interests of merchants and consumers. How to effectively regulate the "Either-or Choice" behavior of the Internet platform and make up for the loss of merchants and consumers is also a hot topic at present. This paper will discuss the protection of merchants' and consumers' interests from the perspective of punitive damages.
ENLIGHTENMENT OF "UNITY OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE" ON IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL COURSES IN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES, TAKING "IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL COURSE WITH SCENERY" AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: LIU JING-TING , ZHU MEI-FAN
Published: November 2021

Taking the characteristic ideological and political course of "scenic ideological and political course" as an example, this paper inspires and innovates the reform of ideological and political course in colleges and universities through the concrete application of the idea of "unity of knowing and doing" embodied in it in practical teaching. Combined with the problems existing in the implementation of the thought of unity of knowing and doing in ideological and political courses in colleges and universities in China, this paper draws lessons from the implementation of the thought of unity of knowing and doing in "scenic ideological and political courses" and gives some enlightenment to ideological and political courses in colleges and universities.
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF METHOTREXATE IN THE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: SUN YANG-BO , ZENG ZHI-LI
Published: November 2021

[Objective] To analyze the growth rule of literature, core authors, core institutions and Co-word Analysis in the field of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, to draw the knowledge map of key words and the cooperation network of authors, and to get the current frontiers and research hotspots through the research and analysis of these indicators, so as to provide reference for future researchers to choose research directions. [Methods] The three databases including CNKI, Wanfangdata and Cqvip were used as retrieval databases, and the key words of "rheumatoid arthritis" and "methotrexate" and their synonyms were used as retrieval keywords. The literature published in the three databases from 2009 to 2018 were retrieved and analyzed by bibliometrics analysis method. [Result] 2404 valid literature were screened out. The growth curve of literature showed a relatively stable upward trend, and formed a stable core group of high-yield authors. The main direction of research in this field in the past ten years was the effectiveness analysis of methotrexate combined with drug treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. [Conclusion] Domestic research on methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis will continue to be the focus of medical research in the next few years. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic immune disease. Its early manifestations are mainly joint pain and dysfunction. It can lead to joint function loss and accompanied by atrophy of bone and skeletal muscle. It has a high disability rate and seriously threatens human physical and mental health [1].The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis was higher in women than in men [2]. According to statistics, the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in China is between 0.32% and 0.36% [3]. Therefore, searching for drugs with less side effects and obvious effects is a research hotspot in the medical field [4]. Methotrexate, as a gold standard antirheumatic drug, has been widely used in combination therapy and randomized controlled clinical trials [5]. In order to clearly understand the research and development trend of methotrexate in the field of rheumatoid arthritis, this paper makes bibliometric analysis of the relevant literature published in this field in the past 10 years, and provides reference for the future research and development of this field with objective and real data.
CAN EDUCATION ENHANCE THE GENERAL TRUST OF INDIVIDUALS?—BASED ON CFPS2018 EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: ZHANG TING
Published: November 2021

Education, as the most important form of human capital investment, has many influences on individual development. In addition to economic benefits, educational investment can improve the general trust of individuals and produce non-economic benefits. In the study of the causal effect of education on general trust, the estimation method of OLS has some problems such as endogeneity. In order to avoid the outcome bias caused by endogenous problems, this paper uses the implementation of compulsory education law as the instrumental variable, and uses the two-stage least squares estimation method to explore the impact of education on individuals' general trust.
EXPLORATION AND PRACTICE OF IMPROVING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ABILITY IN POSTGRADUATE COURSE TEACHING—A CASE STUDY OF CONTENT BASED VISUAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
Authors: FENG XIAO-YI , PENG JIN-YE , JIANG XIAO-YUE , XIA ZHAO-QIANG
Published: November 2021

Postgraduate course teaching is the key part of postgraduate training, and it is very appropriate and necessary to explore the research-based teaching mode and strengthen the cultivation of students' scientific research ability and scientific spirit in the course teaching. This paper introduces the exploration and implements of research-based teaching mode in the teaching of postgraduate professional courses, including the teaching reform measures from the aspects of teaching ideas, content arrangement design and teaching method.
RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT, INNOVATION AND LEARNING OF MOOC EDUCATION
Authors: DENG QIU-HU
Published: November 2021

Since the birth of massive open online courses (MOOC) in 2011, MOOC has developed rapidly all over the world. MOOC platform has developed from providing courses to providing social recognized degree certificates for learners. There are many MOOC platforms at home and abroad. Many scholars believe that MOOC is a destructive innovation form of education. Many famous schools have launched MOOC projects. After years of development, the platforms launch course combinations to meet the needs of learners and provide certification according to the market demand. MOOC is conducive to promoting teaching innovation, promoting the sharing of high-quality resources, improving the quality of teaching, expanding education services, and building a lifelong learning society. Learners should start from their own interests, choose suitable learning projects, actively, consciously and diligently complete online learning, so that MOOC learning can be effective and applied.
ANALYSIS OF FAST FASHION CONSUMER BEHAVIOR FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONSUMER SOCIETY RESEARCH
Authors: LI MENG-SHUANG
Published: November 2021

The advent of the consumer society and mass media era has reconstructed the way people produce and live. Based on this condition, fast fashion as a new clothing industry has been spawned and has become popular rapidly. First of all, this article analyzes the concepts of fast fashion and fast fashion consumption, in order to explore the attribution of the rise of fast fashion consumption, including the rapid development of society and economy, the urgency of stimulating people's domestic demand, the driving role of mass media and advertising, and the psychological needs of the public keep increasing and so on. In addition, Fast-food consumerism represented by fast fashion has become a symbol that distinguishes a certain class or group. This article uses the sociology of consumption as a research perspective to explore the symbolic value of fast fashion consumption. It includes four types of symbolic values, including the value of highlighting differences, the value of distinguishing social classes, the value of belonging to a social group, and the value of resolving identity crises. At last, as a summary part, this article summarizes the benefits of fast fashion consumption, and makes certain reflections and suggestions on the disadvantages of fast fashion consumption.
EU and India: Emerging Trends in Higher Education Cooperation
Authors: Stoicheva Maria
Published: November 2021

The paper examines the potential for the EU to act as a leading actor in internationalization of higher education area based on the case of India – one of the largest higher education national systems, which has been in a process of massification and transformation. Based on the general framework of strategic cooperation between the EU and India, the paper looks at the EU’s strategies and instruments for cooperation in the area of higher education, considers the current picture and identifies enabling factors for intensification of this cooperation. It raises the question of whether the EU can go beyond bilateral relations between higher education institutions and become a collective driver of higher education cooperation between India and the European Higher Education Area, and what the barriers and challenges in developing the external dimension of the EU’s higher education policy are.
Characteristics of Foreign Language Education in Italy and Implications: From the Perspective of National Foreign Language Capacity
Authors: Dan Dong , Yuwei Tan
Published: November 2021

This article reviews foreign language education in Italy using a national language competence-oriented evaluation approach. Foreign language education is at the heart of the acquisition component of language planning, and assessing foreign language education from the perspective of the purpose of language policy, i.e. the promotion of national language competence, which refers to the sum total of the government’s ability to deal with all language-related issues of strategic interests and allows for a more direct application of language planning theory. Based on the theoretical framework of National Foreign Language Capacity and acquisition planning, this study presents a detailed analysis of the characteristics and problems of Italian foreign language education policy, taking into account its ‘rationality,’ ‘coverage,’ and ‘influence,’ which are three interrelated indicators that allow for a comprehensive and specific assessment of national foreign language competence. By revealing the inadequacies of Italy’s national language proficiency system, the author intends to provide an insight into the gap between the effectiveness of policy formulation and implementation in foreign language education in Italy and to suggest some widespread problems in foreign language education that are similar to those in China.
Functional and Facilitating: A Look into the Promotion and Standardization of Dutch as the Official Language in the Netherlands
Authors: Jiachen Zhang
Published: November 2021

Dutch society is open and international-oriented. A long standing tradition of world trade has contributed to the English proficiency of Dutch citizens. This, however, brings challenges to the status of Dutch as the national official language in the Netherlands. This paper takes the framework of national language capacity building proposed by Wen Qiufang and inspects the Dutch language policy in official language promotion and standardization. Results of the research show that coming from other languages that undermines the position of Dutch as national official language is gradually increasing. The Dutch solution is to put facilitating measures in place and to develop functional tools to support language users and learners. This solution can be valuable for the building of European multilingual landscape with its facilitating feature.
Optimizing over the Closure of Rank Inequalities with a Small Right-Hand Side for the Maximum Stable Set Problem via Bilevel Programming
Authors: Coniglio Stefano , Gualandi Stefano
Published: November 2021

In the context of the maximum stable set problem, rank inequalities impose that the cardinality of any set of vertices contained in a stable set be, at most, as large as the stability number of the subgraph induced by such a set. Rank inequalities are very general, as they subsume many classical inequalities such as clique, hole, antihole, web, and antiweb inequalities. In spite of their generality, the exact separation of rank inequalities has never been addressed without the introduction of topological restrictions on the induced subgraph and the tightness of their closure has never been investigated systematically. In this work, we propose a methodology for optimizing over the closure of all rank inequalities with a right-hand side no larger than a small constant without imposing any restrictions on the topology of the induced subgraph. Our method relies on the exact separation of a relaxation of rank inequalities, which we call relaxed k-rank inequalities, whose closure is as tight. We investigate the corresponding separation problem, a bilevel programming problem asking for a subgraph of maximum weight with a bound on its stability number, whose study could be of independent interest. We first prove that the problem is [Formula: see text]-hard and provide some insights on its polyhedral structure. We then propose two exact methods for its solution: a branch-and-cut algorithm (which relies on a family of faced-defining inequalities which we introduce in this paper) and a purely combinatorial branch-and-bound algorithm. Our computational results show that the closure of rank inequalities with a right-hand side no larger than a small constant can yield a bound that is stronger, in some cases, than Lovász’s Theta function, and substantially stronger than bounds obtained with standard inequalities that are valid for the stable set problem, including odd-cycle inequalities and wheel inequalities.

Summary of Contribution: This paper proposes two original methods for solving a challenging cut-separation problem (of bilevel type) for a large class of inequalities valid for one of the key operations research problems, namely, the max stable set problem. An extensive set of experimental results validates the proposed methods. All the source code and data sets are available online on GitHub.