bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF LASER RADIATION ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THIN NEAR-SURFACE LAYERS OF SEMICONDUCTORS
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Demchyna L.A.
Published: January 2024

Optical studies of the reflection spectra of n-Si(100) single crystals with a resistivity of ρ = 5 Ω∙cm; n-GaAs with a resistivity of ρ = 10 Ω∙cm; CdTe (111) with a resistivity of ρ = (2÷5)∙109 Ω∙cm; Cd1-хZnxTe (x=0.1) solid solutions with resistivity ρ = (5÷30)∙109 Ω∙cm in the spectral range (0.2-1.7)-10-6 m before and after laser irradiation in the energy range 66 mJ/cm2-108 mJ/cm2 for n-Si (100) and n-GaAs (100), in the energy range of 66 mJ/cm2 - 164 mJ/cm2 for CdTe(111), in the energy range of 46.6 mJ/cm2 - 163.5 mJ/cm2 for Cd1-хZnxTe (x=0.1) solid solutions. An increase in the reflectivity of single crystals of n-Si (100), n-GaAs (100), p-CdTe (111) and solid solutions of Cd1-хZnxTe (x=0.1) under this laser treatment was experimentally observed. This integral effect is explained by the differences in the optical characteristics of the near-surface layer and the material volume (the complex refractive index of the near-surface layer differs from the complex refractive index of the material volume). The obtained spectra of optical reflection of the samples show that laser-stimulated interaction of impurities and defects occurs during irradiation, which leads to the formation of neutral complexes and a decrease in the intensity of impurity scattering processes. Experimental studies have shown that the main mechanism of pulsed laser irradiation influence on the optical properties of thin surface layers of the studied crystals is structural heterogeneity, i.e. absorption due to the presence of semiconductor sites with defective structure and the ability to actively absorb point defects and bind impurities. In silicon, the role of a heter is played by the surface layers of SiOx, SiO2, Si3N4, SiO2-xP, SiC and others; in gallium arsenide, by Ga2O3, As2O5 and others; in p-CdTe (111) single crystals and Cd1-хZnхTe (x = 0.1) solid solutions, the role of a getter is played by cadmium, tellurium, zinc oxides and their complexes.
INFLUENCE OF Se THIN FILMS ON THE EXCITATION EFFICIENCY OF SURFACE PLASMON POLARITONS IN SILVER AND ALUMINUM HOLOGRAPHIC GRATINGS
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Indutnyi I.Z.
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we study the effect of thin selenium layers up to 3 nm thick on the efficiency of excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The Se layers were deposited by thermal evaporation in vacuum on the surface of silver and aluminum gratings. Gratings with a groove profile close to sinusoidal and a period equal to а = 694 nm were formed on chalcogenide photoresist films using interference lithography. Then they were coated with layers of the above metals with a thickness of 80–85 nm using thermal evaporation. Registration of SPP excitation on the gratings was carried out by measuring the angular dependences of the intensity of specularly reflected or diffracted p-polarized He-Ne laser radiation on a stand mounted on the basis of a G5M goniometer and a Fedorov table. An atomic force microscope was used to determine the shape of the groove profile and the depth of the grating relief. It has been found that for silver gratings with a relief modulation depth h/a less than the optimal value (which ensures maximum plasmon absorption, i.e., the maximum efficiency of SPP excitation), selenium deposition causes significant degradation of the plasmon resonance: a decrease in the depth of the minimum of the total reflection Rpt (i.e., a decrease in the efficiency of plasmon absorption), a shift of the Rpt minimum towards larger angles, and its widering. For silver gratings with h/a greater than the optimal value, a similar shift and widering of the plasmon resonance is also observed. However, at the same time, a significant deepening of the Rpt minimum is recorded, that is, an increase in the efficiency of SPP excitation. Such changes in the plasmon characteristics also appear on aluminum gratings, however, in this case the effect of the selenium layers is weaker by an order of magnitude. The obtained results allow us to propose a method of correcting the plasmonic characteristics of silver gratings in which the value of h/a is higher than optimal.
CHEMICAL ETCHING WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS ON THE SURFACE OF THIN SILVER FILMS
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Kravchenko S.O.
Published: January 2024

Thin-film metal coatings are an important element of optoelectronic devices. In particular, such metal coatings are a defining component of the sensitive layer of various sensors in which the specified surface morphology of the metal coating determines the necessary optoelectronic properties, as is observed, for example, in the case of substrates for SERS (Enhanced Surface Raman Scattering) or SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance). The highest technological interest for optoelectronic applications is caused by thin silver films due to their well-known remarkable properties, in particular, due to the high value of the extinction coefficient in such a film, as well as due to the presence of an intense narrow absorption band of surface plasmon resonance. In the presented publication original approaches to surface treatment of thin silver films with etching solutions containing compounds characterized by specific oxidative-reductive and complexative property as to silver have been considered. Comparative analysis of the obtained results concerning changes in mass and topography of silver electrodes allowed grounding the mixture choice for microstructural profiling (etching solution M) and nanopolishing (etching solution N) of thin silver film. The physicochemical mechanisms which cause the observed processes have been considered. The etching nature is shown to depend on the oxidation level of redox element involved to the etching solution. Also, it depends on the presence of water-soluble complexation ligands in the solution. The conception that etching composition contained component with intermediate oxidation level in redox element exposes a "softer" effect on the etching topography in thin silver film has been proposed. The considered condition determines the possibility for chemical nanopolishing of thin silver film. The study in surface structural changes has been an integral part of nanoscale research, therefore, the obtained results have a practical value in the nanostructure formation which is the main part in modern acoustics and optoelectronics.
POTRET KERUKUNAN LINTAS AGAMA DALAM MEMBINA DINAMIKA SOSIAL DESA
Authors: Hidayatulloh M. Taufik , Wahyuni Wahyuni
Published: January 2024

Kerukunan umat beragama di Desa Pabuaran yang telah terjalin sejak lama perlu diperkuat dengan cara dihidupkan kerja sama aktif antar umat beragamanya untuk mengembangkan potensi masyarakatnya. Atas dasar itu maka dibentuklah Paguyuban Kerukunan Desa Pabuaran (PKDP). Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan model analisis Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan: 1) PKDP dibentuk dengan dasar kebersamaan dalam keberagaman. Setiap anggota memiliki pengaruh yang sama dan hak yang setara dalam bermusyawarah dan pengambilan keputusan. Hal ini berbeda dengan banyak lembaga lain yang seringkali memiliki hirarki yang ketat dan dominasi dari beberapa individu tertentu. 2) Adanya mekanisme rotasi kepemimpinan yang berimbang antar agama telah menjadi langkah yang progresif dan inklusif dalam memastikan keberagaman diwakili secara merata dalam pimpinan lembaga. Temuan ini berbeda dengan beberapa lembaga lain yang cenderung menunjuk pemimpin berdasarkan preferensi kelompok mayoritas. 3) Temuan menunjukkan bahwa PKDP mampu mengatasi tekanan dari dalam dan luar lembaga dengan baik. Dalam menghadapi tekanan dari dalam, PKDP membangun budaya dialog dan komunikasi yang terbuka untuk menyelesaikan konflik. Sementara itu, untuk menghadapi tekanan dari luar, PKDP membangun jaringan dan kerjasama dengan berbagai pihak terkait. Temuan ini mengejutkan karena PKDP mampu menjaga keutuhan dan kestabilan lembaga dalam menghadapi tantangan internal dan eksternal. 4) PKDP secara berkala melakukan evaluasi dan revisi aturan lembaga agar tetap sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat dan dinamika sosial. Seluruh anggota terlibat dalam proses evaluasi dan revisi untuk memastikan kesesuaian aturan dengan aspirasi anggota. Temuan ini berbeda dengan beberapa lembaga lain yang cenderung kurang responsif terhadap perubahan sosial.
Moderasi Beragama Melampaui Toleransi
Authors: Jaya Sulaiman
Published: January 2024

Masalah toleransi dan moderasi beragama adalah dua hal yang tidak akan pernah final. Keduanya bukan istilah yang mati dan bukan kata benda, melainkan kata sifat dan kata kerja yang harus terus-menerus untuk disegarkan. Pemahaman dan pandangan kita tentang toleransi sudah semestinya senantiasa tidak boleh basi, dogmatik dan karenanya perlu terus meenggali dan menerima pencerahan-pencerahan baru dan segar yang aktual dan kontekstual di masa akan datang sejalan dengan perkembangan dan kebutuhan zaman sebagai adaptasinya bagi persoalan-persoalan kemanusiaan. Karena itu, upaya dan ikhtiar kita untuk senantiasa menjadi pembelajar abadi menjadi niscaya dan merupakan keharusan yang tidak mungkin disangsikan. Demikian pula halnya dengan kepekaan kita pada realitas sosial politik budaya dan keagamaan pun sudah seyogyanya terus-menerus diasah, terus-menerus tidak menutup diri dari pembacaan.Tulisan ini hanyalah potongan kecil dan tawaran sekadarnya dalam rangka mencoba menjelajah wawasan khazanah filosofis dan teologis untuk membaca ulang moderasi beragama dan toleransi. Penjelajahan khazanah filosofis dan teologis tersebut tentu saja dalam rangka membuka cakrawala kepekaan dan sikap welas-asih kita kepada sesama manusia, terlebih kita hidup dalam sebuah bangsa yang warganya menganut beragam agama dan kepercayaan. Wawasan dan khazanah yang coba diketengahkan ke sidang pembaca adalah cakrawala pemikiran beberapa filsuf dan teolog Barat sebagai kekayaan perbandingan di satu sisi, dan khazanah teologis dan filosofis Islam sebagai bahan dan isu utamanya di sisi lainnya. Dengan demikian, tulisan ini merupakan upaya ‘cross reading’ dan kajian lintas iman dan lintas budaya yang etos dan spirit utamanya membangun keadaban dan ketercerahan humanistik kehidupan kita.
Integration of Salaf Islamic Boarding School Education with Modern School Curriculum
Authors: Zuhri Saefudin , Syamsi Atikah
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study outlines the integration of salaf Islamic boarding school education with the public school curriculum (study of Islamic boarding schools in Cirebon). The discussion of the integration of education pesantren is managed in the traditional system, while madrasas and schools are managed by the conventional system. The existence of madrasahs and schools is a strategic step for pesantren in improving their education system. The presence of madrasahs and schools does not necessarily replace the traditional education system of pesantren, but complements it. Madrasahs and schools are managed with a modern system using the curriculum and always pay attention to strategic changes in responding to modernity. The framework method used in this article is field research, and the approach in this study uses a phenomenological approach and case studies with more emphasis on religious behavior. This type of research is a type of qualitative research. The results indicate that pesantren's adaptation to changing times involves curriculum revisions and the establishment of educational institutions accommodating general education needs, emphasizing the importance of integration to create well-rounded individuals capable of excelling in both religious and general sciences. Penelitian ini menguraikan integrasi pendidikan pesantren Islam Salaf dengan kurikulum sekolah umum pada pesantren di Cirebon. Pembahasan tentang integrasi pendidikan pesantren dikelola dalam sistem tradisional, sementara madrasah dan sekolah dikelola oleh sistem konvensional. Keberadaan madrasah dan sekolah merupakan langkah strategis bagi pesantren dalam meningkatkan sistem pendidikannya. Keberadaan madrasah dan sekolah tidak selalu menggantikan sistem pendidikan tradisional pesantren, melainkan melengkapinya. Madrasah dan sekolah dikelola dengan sistem modern menggunakan kurikulum dan selalu memperhatikan perubahan strategis dalam merespons modernitas. Metode kerangka yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah penelitian lapangan, dan pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologis dan studi kasus dengan penekanan lebih pada perilaku keagamaan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adaptasi pesantren terhadap perubahan zaman melibatkan revisi kurikulum dan pembentukan lembaga pendidikan yang mengakomodasi kebutuhan pendidikan umum, menekankan pentingnya integrasi untuk menciptakan individu berkepribadian baik yang mampu unggul dalam ilmu agama dan umum.How to Cite: Zuhri, S., Syamsia, A. (2023). Integration of Salaf Islamic Boarding School Education with Modern School Curriculum. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 10(1), 103-116. doi:10.15408/tjems.v10i1. 35967.
Conductas negativistas desafiantes en el retorno a la presencialidad: perspectiva docente
Authors: Bravo Pereira Bárbara , Flores Fuentes Carolina , Medel Medel Tamara , Moya Sandoval Judith , Orellana Hernández Carla , Sánchez Sánchez Gerardo
Published: January 2024

El aula constituye un espacio dinámico y diverso donde las interacciones condicionan las oportunidades de aprendizaje del estudiantado. Esta investigación tiene por objetivo caracterizar la perspectiva de docentes de Educación General Básica ante las conductas negativistas desafiantes de estudiantes de segundo ciclo en el retorno a la presencialidad. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa descriptiva, no experimental, mediante una entrevista episódica a 24 profesores de distinta dependencia de la provincia de Talca, Chile. Los resultados indican una dificultad para diferenciar las conductas negativistas desafiantes de las demás conductas disruptivas dentro del aula. Se releva el uso de estrategias que abordan el área emocional del alumnado, lo que podría ser consecuencia de la experiencia educativa virtual o una respuesta reactiva del profesorado a las brechas académicas de sus estudiantes. El estudio plantea desafíos profesionales vinculados con la práctica reflexiva, el trabajo colaborativo, innovación y la comunicación con las familias. Emergen posibilidades investigativas orientadas a indagar en las competencias didácticas y evaluativas del profesorado para atender estas conductas y promover la retención académica.
El desarrollo e impacto de un manual didáctico para la enseñanza de la sustentabilidad urbana en tres universidades chilenas
Authors: Ladrón de Guevara Kay Bergamini , Ojeda Leal Carolina , Araya María Jesús , Medina Guzmán José Ignacio , Jaque Castillo Edilia , Gutiérrez Zamorano Patricia , Olea Peñaloza Jorge
Published: January 2024

El aprendizaje activo de la Sustentabilidad Urbana (SU) es un área en creciente desarrollo, por lo que es importante aportar a este corpus con nuevas experiencias concretas, particularmente, aquellas que provienen desde el Sur Global. Este artículo tiene como objetivo sistematizar la implementación piloto de un manual de aprendizaje de SU en instituciones de educación superior chilena que surgieron del curso Exploraciones urbanas: Territorio sustentable dictado en la Pontificia Universidad Católica. Acá se realizó una investigación cualitativa basada en análisis de contenido que utilizó un proceso metodológico teórico – aplicado: primero, se realizó una encuesta a exestudiantes del curso pionero considerando 5 parámetros: contenidos, organización de la enseñanza, metodologías didácticas, evaluación – retroalimentación, y relación entre el estudiantado – personal docente. Luego, desde los resultados de la encuesta se generó un manual con actividades didácticas para la SU, revisado en un grupo focal de salida a ex estudiantes, docentes de dichas universidades y pares expertos/as. A continuación, este manual se implementó en el curso Exploraciones urbanas en tres universidades chilenas de forma mixta en plataforma online y algunas actividades presenciales el 2022 y, al finalizar, fue evaluado en un nuevo grupo focal realizado por las y los docentes que impartieron el curso. El primer resultado corresponde a la encuesta en donde se observó una alta satisfacción con el curso (84% manifiesta que metodología de clases resulto útil para comprender la materia). El segundo resultado es el análisis de los grupos focales que utilizaron los mismos cinco parámetros que fueron insumos en la primera revisión del manual y en su versión final. Por último, se discute la idea de que este proyecto permitió abordar desde múltiples visiones la enseñanza de la SU en distintos contextos territoriales chilenos, lo que permitió relevar intereses comunes que pueden servir para que otros centros educativos latinoamericanos utilicen este material didáctico para la educación superior que está disponible en línea para su descarga gratuita en español.
Problemas de práctica de directores de escuelas vulnerables: Oportunidades para el desarrollo profesional
Authors: De la Vega Luis
Published: January 2024

El desarrollo profesional de líderes educativos es fundamental para poder concretar el aporte de estos a la mejora educativa. Para ello, debe realizarse de forma contextualizada y en vinculación estrecha con las características del escenario donde se ejerce el liderazgo. Estos requerimientos han dado relevancia al análisis de problemas de práctica como fuente de reflexión orientada al desarrollo profesional.

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio longitudinal orientado a reconocer los problemas de práctica definidos por ocho directores chilenos de escuelas vulnerables durante tres años. Los resultados permitieron identificar tipos de problemas priorizados y caracterizarlos en función de su nivel de refinamiento, vínculo con el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje y agencia en función de su resolución.

A partir de los hallazgos obtenidos se proponen metodologías que pueden servir para potenciar el trabajo con problemas de práctica para el desarrollo profesional.
La gestión administrativa en un centro educativo indígena: Caso de Ujarrás
Authors: Álvarez Ramírez Susana , Brenes Tortós Eleana , Chavarría Sánchez Keren
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las estrategias desarrolladas por la gestión administrativa del Colegio Indígena de Ujarrás para atender las necesidades de la comunidad educativa dentro del contexto cultural y la cosmovisión de la población indígena que forma parte de la organización educativa.  Es por esta razón que la investigación se enmarca dentro del enfoque cualitativo y de tipo descriptiva. Los sujetos fuente de información estaban constituidos por el personal administrativo y docente, las personas estudiantes y líderes de la comunidad relacionados con el Colegio Indígena de Ujarrás. 
El trabajo se basó en dos categorías de análisis; estrategias de gestión administrativa y las necesidades de la comunidad educativa. Se dividió en tres segmentos: comunidad indígena de Ujarrás, aspectos del centro educativo y relación centro educativo- comunidad. Los resultados visualizan la necesidad de una transformación en la gestión administrativa del centro educativo que considere la identidad cultural de la población indígena y el fortalecimiento del liderazgo estratégico por parte del gestor educativo.
Entre las principales conclusiones se encuentran; la necesidad de que la persona gestora de la educación de un centro educativo indígena proponga estrategias metodológicas de correlación en todas las asignaturas para promover la cultura de la comunidad. Del mismo modo, la capacitación y asesoramiento del personal docente del centro educativo para el trabajo en las aulas con la comunidad estudiantil. Asimismo, la integración de los diferentes actores del proceso educativo sociedad, familia y docentes  es crucial para alcanzar la excelencia y la calidad en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Palabras claves: Gestión Educativa, Educación, Cultura, Indígena, Ujarrás
La Planificación de la Educación desde el contexto Estado-País
Authors: Arroyo Valenciano Juan Antonio
Published: January 2024

En el discurrir de la humanidad la planificación se ha consolidado como una actividad inherente al ser humano. Si dentro de cada comunidad social la planificación ha sido fundamental, no cabe duda que como tal, ha permeado a la educación, en función de la previsión y logro del modelo de sociedad y ciudadano futuro, al que esa comunidad aspira. Es a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, que la planificación de la educación tiene su origen, al ser considerada fundamental para la expansión económica y social. Desde entonces se pueden identificar dos ámbitos de desarrollo de la planificación de la educación.

El primer ámbito es el de la planificación en el contexto de la comunidad social: Estado-País y, el segundo, la planificación en el contexto de la organización o centro educativo. La finalidad de este ensayo radica en analizar la planificación de la educación desde el ámbito Estado-País, por su relevancia en la articulación de la educación a las necesidades de desarrollo económico y cambio social de las sociedades del siglo XXI.

Bajo el enfoque de investigación documental, se inicia con el estudio de los elementos del escenario de la planificación, continúa con el examen conceptual del significado y finalidad de la planificación de la educación. Finaliza con una descripción de las fases del proceso de planificación desde el ámbito de la comunidad Estado-País. Las conclusiones destacan al proceso de planificación de la educación como la estrategia para alcanzar la imagen de sociedad y ciudadano, predeterminada por la comunidad social.
Gestión del proceso inclusivo de estudiantes con sordera del Liceo Dr. Vicente Lachner Sandoval
Authors: Villalobos Melissa Patricia
Published: January 2024

Sobre la persona gestora recae una responsabilidad social considerable, dado que es quien posee la autoridad necesaria para abordar los desafíos y promover una educación inclusiva y, por lo tanto, de calidad. El propósito de este artículo es analizar la gestión del proceso inclusivo de estudiantes con sordera del Liceo Dr. Vicente Lachner Sandoval. Este artículo posee relevancia en el campo de la administración educativa, dado que demuestra cómo se incluye a la población estudiantil sorda en un colegio público de Costa Rica que tiene trayectoria en la inclusión de dicha población. Es decir, las personas directoras pueden tomarlo como referente para su gestión. Se emplea un enfoque cualitativo y el método empleado es el estudio de caso. Como participantes de la investigación, se encuentran la Asesora Nacional de Audición y Lenguaje, la directora y un grupo docente del liceo antes mencionado. Estos participaron en entrevistas semiestructuradas y un grupo de discusión. Como hallazgos principales, destacan que la infraestructura genérica de los centros educativos en Costa Rica no aporta a este proceso inclusivo. Además, el recurso humano del liceo ha favorecido la inclusión del estudiantado sordo. En relación con ello, la permanencia del Servicio de Apoyos Educativos es primordial para ayudar a la comunidad educativa. Por parte del Ministerio de Educación Pública, en 2021, se promulgó la Política Educativa de Promoción de Idiomas, con la cual se pretende fortalecer la ruta hacia el bilingüismo. Sin embargo, continúa latente la necesidad de capacitación, recursos financieros, conexión a internet, dispositivos tecnológicos, rotulación, entre otros.
Understanding the Dynamics of Gender-Based Violence in Ivory Park Policing Area, Gauteng Province, South Africa: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Hellen Sekgobela , Adewale Olutola , Modipa Mmakwena
Published: January 2024

Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a pressing global concern, particularly pervasive in South Africa, where women and children often fall victim to its devastating impact. This article conducts a qualitative analysis of GBV in the Ivory Park Policing Area, utilizing a non-empirical research design through a systematic review of secondary data. The study identifies critical challenges within the criminal justice system's response to GBV and proposes key preventive measures. Recommendations include the imperative training of law enforcement officials in handling GBV cases, allocating resources to expedite case processing, and fostering stronger collaborations between the South African Police Service and various stakeholders. This research aims to contribute actionable insights for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and community leaders to effectively combat and prevent GBV in the Ivory Park Policing Area.
Elizabeth David And Her Spices, Salt And Aromatics In The English Kitchen
Authors: Perkins Blake
Published: January 2024

Regular PPC contributor Blake Perkins offers his re-appraisal of Elizabeth David’s Spices, Salts and Aromatics in the English Kitchen.
Podmiotowość megalotymiczna jako efekt populistycznych strategii narracyjnych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Gdański, Bielawski Kornel
Published: January 2024

The article addresses the phenomenon of megalothymic subjectivity as an indirect effect of the systemic weakness of modern liberal democracy. By using Donald Trump’s narrative strategies as an example, the author shows how populism creates in voters’ minds an imagined reality of conspiracy, danger, and loss of human decency. The process of populist communication takes the form of a story with an upcoming decisive moment, the victory of good or evil. A voter being shaped in such manner sees himself both as a part of a significant and strong community and as a victim of hostile actions of politicians on the national and international scene. The voter in such a position begins to manifest attitudes indicating a desire to regain his supposedly lost subjectivity, the extreme manifestation of which was the attack on the US Capitol on January 6, 2021.
Bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne jako wymiar bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Pietraś Marek
Published: January 2024

Health security is a dimension of international security, resulting from the securitization of its threats. The article proposes to include health security in the second generation of non-military dimensions of security (the first generation being those proposed by the Copenhagen school). The aim of the article is to analyze the specificity, i.e., autonomization, of health security in relation to: 1) the specificity of threats; 2) securitization of these threats; 3) determination of the referent object; 4) ensuring health security. The focus was on the structure of the phenomenon and the structure of each of its elements. Firstly, the specificity of securitization of health threats by a political entity such as the United States was analyzed in particular. Secondly, the human individual was taken into account as susceptible to health hazards. Thirdly, actions for health security were analyzed at the level of the international system and at the level of national health care systems.
Dilemmas of Political Parallelism: Polish Weekly Opinion Magazines in the Face of the Migration Crisis of 2015
Authors:   University of Silesia in Katowice, Kolczyński Mariusz , Zemła Bernardyna ,   Cavalry Captain Witold Pilecki State University of Małopolska in Oświęcim, Czornik Katarzyna ,   University of Silesia in Katowice
Published: January 2024

Within the article activity of media broadcasters during the migration crisis of 2015 has been analysed – the crisis whose peak coincided with the period of political campaign preceding the parliamentary elections in Poland. In this context, strong emphasis on issues related to the migration crisis, which had become one of the leading themes of the parliamentary campaign, could have been expected in Polish press market, especially taking into consideration strong political affiliations of weekly opinion magazines existing in the said market at the time. In the presented article, 207 issues of the following opinion weeklies have been analysed: “Newsweek”, “Polityka”, “wSieci” and “Do Rzeczy”, in order to determine the media importance of migration-related themes and of the level of political parallelism of the studied media (political/axiological or party profiling of media releases). The study used the content analysis method with reference to the concept of framing.
Social Movements and Political Parties: Cooperation and Conflict
Authors:   University of Wrocław, Madej Małgorzata , Drałus Dorota ,   University of Wrocław, Wichłacz Monika ,   University of Wrocław
Published: January 2024

New social movements, focused around values and sociocultural identities, shape new communities outside the traditional field of party politics. On one hand, in their institutionalization, social movements enter the political sphere, and on the other, political parties strive to attract voters and supporters by application of tools typical for social movements. The subject of this paper is the border area between new social movements and parties, understood primarily as modes of collective action. The study aims at delineating the field of their mutual influence and at identifying its mechanisms, and explores the problems of ambivalence and instability affecting the dynamics of change within political systems.
Uwarunkowania krótkotrwałych rządów w Japonii: przykład premiera Sugi Yoshihide
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Żakowski Karol
Published: January 2024

Japan is one of the countries with the most frequently changing heads of government in the world. The aim of this article is to examine both the structural and individual causes of this situation by using the example of the short term in office of Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide from 2020 to 2021. While such factors as strong ministerial sectionalism in the government, factionalism in the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), high frequency of parliamentary and ruling party presidential elections, as well as consensual political culture made it difficult for prime ministers to remain in office for a longer period of time, the electoral and administrative reforms of the 1990s facilitated the heads of government to stabilize the government’s social and party base of support. Nevertheless, the usage of the new institutional instruments to remain in power depended on the prime minister’s ability to create his/her positive image among voters. This article analyzes why Prime Minister Suga, despite leading a stable ruling coalition in both houses of the parliament and having extensive experience in decision-making process, was unable to maintain the government’s initially high popularity and resigned only one year after having formed his cabinet.
Introducing the Research Project “Sacred Narrative – The Political Dimension of Japanese Mythology”
Authors:   University of Tuebingen, Antoni Klaus , Dolkovski Julia ,   University of Tuebingen, Neubronner Louise ,   University of Tuebingen
Published: January 2024

The Kojiki and Nihon shoki have been integral to the formation of Japanese identity, especially since the 18th century. As such, they were constantly exposed to processes of sacralization and desacralization, i.e., the attribution and removal of authority. The research project “Sacred Narrative – The Political Dimension of Japanese Mythology” is concerned with how certain systems of thought or ideology used these texts in a way that raised them to an elevated position or deprived them of it. Organized in three focus areas, the project delves into the topic of the historical change the Kojiki and Nihon shoki underwent in terms of interpretation and instrumentalization from the Edo period up to modern-day Japan. These investigations are integrated into the research group “De/Sacralization of Texts” at the University of Tübingen that started its work in January 2022. In this interdisciplinary context, “Sacred narrative” seeks to promote the integration of East-Asian textuality into general theory formation.
Cultural Security in the Context of the Analysis of the Religiosity of Belarusian Students
Authors:   Siedlce Scientific Society, Baretskaya Viktoryia
Published: January 2024

Religion can become an instrument of manipulation and destabilization in society, everything depends on people who have access to the levers of power, the position of Church hierarchs and the level of religious literacy of the population. The article is devoted to the study of the concept of the correlation of national identity and Christian universalism, as well as the model of Church–State relations in the modern social teaching of the Russian Orthodox Church, in the context of the analysis of some aspects of the religiosity of the Belarusian student youth, namely quantitative indicators of trust in the Church, attendance of divine services, and confessional affiliation.
Demokratyzacja państw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w kontekście rozpadu Związku Radzieckiego, na łamach czasopisma podziemnego „Obóz”
Authors:   Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa w Poznaniu, Bielanowska Judyta ,   Europejskie Centrum Solidarności w Gdańsku
Published: January 2024

The democratization of the former Soviet Union countries was a long and arduous process of regaining the sovereignty lost after World War II. The political, social, economic, cultural and institutional transformations taking place at that time, both in the territory of the former Soviet republics and those formally independent of the USSR, but in fact completely dominated by it, constituted a conglomerate of various factors, conditioning in most cases a bloodless revolution. The systemic transformation, however, did not go everywhere in the direction expected by society and the new political class. In many countries, the quality of overall structural transformations left much to be desired. Not everywhere was it possible to fill the institutional void left by the liquidated organs of government and the security apparatus. The lively assessment of the new, democratic political system, formulated in statu nascendi, was shared by the opinion-forming circles that had so far operated in the underground and had a strong influence on the social mood of individual countries. One of the independent magazines devoted to the problems of neighboring countries was the underground periodical “Obóz”.
The Heart of Arabs. Emirati Songs for Egypt
Authors:   Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Wolny-Abouelwafa Edyta
Published: January 2024

Creating patriotic songs in the Arab countries is very common. They can represent different types of music, can be connected to special occasions or be created without them, just from the ‘need a heart’. The author of the article has been doing research on contemporary Egyptian patriotic songs for years. On the basis of her results, she has decided to divide all the analysed songs into the those created by Egyptians for Egyptians and in addition created by other artists for Egypt and its citizens. The job of the latter she calls ‘patriotic songs’ as well and divided them into two main groups which are connected with the way they identify themselves. The article presents the results of the analysis of selected songs released by United Arab Emirates’ artists for Egypt. The article’s author’s goal was to check the songs’ topics and which one of the previously mentioned groups they represent. She also mentions the figure of Hussain Al Jassmi, the most popular, in recent years, Emirati singer creating patriotic songs for Egypt. She analysed the songs on the basis of the songs’ topics and combined it with the contemporary relations between United Arab Emirates and Egypt while mentioning their origins historically. All of this allowed her to reach the conclusions presented in the article.
Learning Cycle-Inquiry Effect on Pre-Service Elementary Teachers’ Science Process Skills and Content Knowledge
Authors: Yanti Yulia Eka , Susilo Herawati
Published: January 2024

This study explored the effects of Learning Cycle and Inquiry (LCI) on pre-service teachers’ science process skills (SPS) and concept knowledge (CK). The experimental group was taught using the LCI. The positive control group 1 learned using the inquiry, the positive control group 2 learned using the learning cycle-5E, and the negative control group was involved in conventional learning processes. The study results revealed significant differences in the research participants’ CK and SPS.
Floods risk determination through a fuzzy logic system in developing countries. Case study Magdalena River, Colombia
Authors: Chanchí Golondrino Gabriel Elías , Ospina Alarcón Manuel Alejandro , Saba Manuel
Published: January 2024

Natural disasters around the world, and specifically floods, can generate great economic, en- vironmental, and human life losses in short periods of time. Early warning systems have been developed as a tool to mitigate the impact of these floods, nevertheless, most of this information is dispersed. In the particular case of the Colombian context, the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies of Colombia (IDEAM) has developed a platform called Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS), which presents data of interest for the different stations in the basins of the territory, such as: level, flow, and rainfall. From the height level of water table data of each station, the platform presents three possible alerts: yellow, orange, and red, which are obtained y comparing with reference or threshold levels associated ith ach station. However, the method currently used to determine the alerts does not consider the ariation of he water table level as a function of ime, or the degree of danger represented y a value close to or ending to flood threshold levels. This work proposed a contribution to determine the flood risk level, based on the development of a fuzzy system, taking as inputs the water table level and the level variation as a function of time, to obtain as output the flood risk level in numerical and linguistic terms. For the determination of the risk level, the system applies inference logic rules, involving operations between fuzzy sets represented through mathematical membership functions. Finally, the operation of the fuzzy system was validated using data from the FEWS platform for the hydrological stations of the Bajo Magdalena basin. This project aims to serve as a reference to improve early warning systems of developing couries
Alta inflação e hiperinflação: uma visão pós-keynesiana
Authors: CARVALHO FERNANDO J. CARDIM DE
Published: January 2024

RESUMO A inflação tornou-se, na década de 80, a barreira mais importante para a retomada do crescimento econômico no Brasil. Uma abordagem pós-keynesiana desse problema enfatiza os efeitos que a inflação alta contínua tem sobre crenças e instituições, especialmente o sistema de contratos a termo de dinheiro que é fundamental para organizar e coordenar uma economia empreendedora. Um Regime de Alta Inflação é definido pela introdução de novos recursos de conta para os contratos a termo, ou seja, pela indexação, e pela mudança nos modos de formação de preços. Mostra-se que a alta inflação caracteriza um equilíbrio instável que pode degenerar em hiperinflação. A permanência da inflação alta, no entanto, pode gerar tendências de estagnação.
Teoria econômica clássica e teoria econômica marginalista
Authors: FIANI RONALDO
Published: January 2024

RESUMO Este artigo discute a importância das diferenças entre teorias econômicas clássicas e marginalistas, com especial interesse no pensamento de David Ricardo. Vê-se que o elemento mais importante na distinção entre clássicos e marginalistas é a diferença na abordagem do mercado de trabalho. De fato, a determinação clássica da taxa salarial é nitidamente distinta da Teoria do Equilíbrio Geral, baseada no princípio da oferta e da demanda.
As transformações do pós-guerra e o pensamento econômico da CEPAL
Authors: FIGUEIREDO FERDINANDO
Published: January 2024

RESUMO Este artigo é uma tentativa de reconstituir as circunstâncias que caracterizaram a criação do chamado “pensamento econômico da CEPAL”. O autor procura inicialmente associar esse pensamento às “palavras-chave” (ou “ideias de poder”) de “desenvolvimento econômico”, “industrialização” e “planejamento econômico”, que foram levantadas e estabelecidas na América Latina no final da Segunda Guerra Mundial. . Além disso, analisa as linhas gerais do pensamento do CEP AL, procurando identificar o seu caráter inovador e os passos necessários para a obtenção de uma posição ativa por parte do Estado, assumido como entidade indutora desse desenvolvimento. Considera-se também uma breve avaliação dos impactos resultantes de tais ideias na América Latina e no Brasil, inclusive do ponto de vista institucional.
Caracterização físico-mecânica da madeira de tuturubá (Pouteria oblanceolata Pires)
Authors: Lima Vinícius de Sousa , Silva Maria Gabriela Sales da , Menezes Gabriel Cruz , Cunha Rita Dione Araújo , César Sandro Fábio , Pereira Andrea Ferraz Silva , Dias João Miguel Santos
Published: January 2024

RESUMO O conhecimento das propriedades físicas e mecânicas da madeira é crucial para a segurança e eficácia do dimensionamento das estruturas. Além de favorecer a diversificação e abastecimento do mercado madeireiro, a determinação de tais propriedades, para diferentes espécies nativas, pode contribuir para a redução da exploração concentrada de madeiras tropicais. Entre as madeiras disponíveis para a construção civil na Região Tocantina do Maranhão encontra-se o tuturubá (Pouteria oblanceolata Pires). Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo determinar as propriedades físicas e mecânicas da madeira de tuturubá, visando o seu uso em estruturas de edificações. Foram determinados: o teor de umidade, a densidade aparente, as resistências à compressão paralela e perpendicular às fibras, a resistência ao cisalhamento paralelo às fibras, a resistência à flexão e os módulos de elasticidade à compressão paralela às fibras e à flexão. Obteve-se um teor de umidade médio de 13,88%, uma densidade aparente média de 992,04 kg.m-3, o valor médio da resistência à compressão paralela às fibras igual a 60,03 MPa e o valor característico de 56,86 MPa, sendo o módulo de elasticidade à compressão paralela às fibras de 22761 MPa. A resistência média à compressão perpendicular às fibras foi de 10,74 MPa e a resistência média ao cisalhamento paralelo às fibras foi igual a 10,47 MPa. A resistência à flexão média foi de 154,82 MPa e o valor característico igual a 128,37 MPa, enquanto o valor médio do módulo de elasticidade à flexão foi de 21026 MPa. Os resultados permitiram classificar a madeira de tuturubá como pertencente à classe de resistência mecânica D50. Comparativamente com outras espécies disponíveis no mercado madeireiro, a madeira de tuturubá apresentou propriedades mecânicas superiores às madeiras de pequiá (Caryocar villosum) e tauari (Couratari oblongifolia). Esta caracterização físico-mecânica evidencia o potencial da madeira de tuturubá para utilização em estruturas de edificações.
Refinamento da medida do coeficiente de atenuação do chumbo em atividades de laboratório de Física Moderna
Authors: Pereira Luiz A.A. , Cássaro Fábio A.M. , Pires Luiz F.
Published: January 2024

Conteúdos relacionados à área de Física Moderna envolvem o conhecimento da produção e interação da radiação com a matéria. A manifestação macroscópica dessa interação se evidencia pela atenuação da radiação incidente no material. Neste estudo, apresenta-se o uso de um aparato experimental destinado a práticas de ensino visando a determinação do coeficiente de atenuação do chumbo para fótons de raios gama provenientes de uma fonte de 137Cs (fótons com energia de aproximadamente 662 keV). Tradicionalmente, essa determinação é realizada utilizando-se como material absorvedor placas de chumbo de espessuras conhecidas. Entretanto, em geral, esse enfoque leva a resultados discrepantes em relação ao valor do coeficiente de atenuação teórico para o chumbo, com desvios em torno de 15%. No método aqui apresentado, sugere-se a substituição das placas por esferas ou pó de chumbo. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o método proposto reduziu sensivelmente os desvios do coeficiente de atenuação medido em relação aos valores teóricos (simulados). Na melhor condição experimental os erros ficaram entre 2 e 4%. Entre as grandes vantagens do método abordado estão à possibilidade de variações contínuas na espessura e na geometria do material absorvedor e análise da influência de sistemas porosos na medida da atenuação da radiação.
Agronomic performance and estimated genetic diversity among soybean inbred lines based on quantitative traits
Authors: Medeiros Guilherme S. , Cabral Pablo D. S. , Silva Fernando H. L. e , Freitas Jôsie C. de O. , Campos Luís H. R. de , Carrijo Arthur M. M. F.
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT Although soybean is one of the most important agricultural commodities in the world, it has been losing genetic diversity in recent decades, due to the intense breeding process and reproduction method. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and estimate the genetic diversity among inbred lines, and identify promising crossings. A total of 66 soybean genotypes were evaluated, 61 of which were pre-commercial lines, and five commercial cultivars (AS3797, DESAFIO, M7110, M7739, M8210) as controls. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three replicates. The distance matrix between the inbred lines was calculated by Mahalanobis distance and grouping by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The maximum distance was 1,776.26 between cultivar M7110 and the G23 inbred line, and the minimum 1.50 between inbred lines G13 and G36, with an average distance of 364.40, demonstrating genetic diversity. The traits that contributed most to genetic divergence were number of days to flowering (66.7%) and physiological maturation (28.55%). Inbred lines G60 (higher grain yield), G51 and G33 (lower physiological maturation) and cultivar M7110 (greater divergence) stood out. Four groups were formed, with G1 having the highest grain yield and fewest days to flowering and physiological maturation. The indicated crossings are between G60, G57, CD2728, M7110, G33 and G32 (group G1) and G47 (group G4).