bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
mTOR Inhibitors Induce Cell-Cycle Arrest and Inhibit Tumor Growth in Epstein–Barr Virus–Associated T and Natural Killer Cell Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Kawada Jun-ichi , Ito Yoshinori , Iwata Seiko , Suzuki Michio , Kawano Yoshihiko , Kanazawa Tetsuhiro , Siddiquey Mohammed Nure Alam , Kimura Hiroshi
Published: September 2014

Purpose: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infects B cells, as well as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and is associated with T or NK cell lymphoid malignancies. In various tumor cells, mTOR performs an essential function together with Akt with regard to cell growth. We investigated the effects of mTOR inhibitors on EBV-associated T- and NK-cell lymphomas.

Experimental Design: We investigated the Akt/mTOR activation pathway in EBV-positive and -negative T- and NK-cell lines (SNT13, SNT16, Jurkat, SNK6, KAI3, and KHYG1). We evaluated the antitumor effects of mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin and its analogue, CCI-779) against these cell lines in culture and in a murine xenograft model that was established by subcutaneous injection of SNK6 cells into NOG mice.

Results: All EBV-positive and -negative T- and NK-cell lines tested displayed activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway, and treatment with mTOR inhibitors suppressed mTOR activation. The inhibitors induced G1 cell-cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation in T- and NK-cell lines. Overall, T cell lines were more sensitive to rapamycin, but there were no significant differences between EBV-positive and -negative cell lines. Treatment with rapamycin did not affect lytic or latent EBV gene expression. Intraperitoneal treatment with CCI-779 significantly inhibited the growth of established tumors in NOG mice and reduced the EBV load in peripheral blood.

Conclusion: These results suggest that inhibition of mTOR signaling is a promising new strategy for improving treatment of EBV-associated T- and NK-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res; 20(21); 5412–22. ©2014 AACR.
Comprehensive Genomic Analysis Identifies Novel Subtypes and Targets of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Burstein Matthew D. , Tsimelzon Anna , Poage Graham M. , Covington Kyle R. , Contreras Alejandro , Fuqua Suzanne A.W. , Savage Michelle I , Osborne C. Kent , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Chang Jenny C. , Mills Gordon B. , Lau Ching C. , Brown Powel H.
Published: September 2014

Purpose: Genomic profiling studies suggest that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease. In this study, we sought to define TNBC subtypes and identify subtype-specific markers and targets.

Experimental Design: RNA and DNA profiling analyses were conducted on 198 TNBC tumors [estrogen receptor (ER) negativity defined as Allred scale value ≤ 2] with >50% cellularity (discovery set: n = 84; validation set: n = 114) collected at Baylor College of Medicine (Houston, TX). An external dataset of seven publically accessible TNBC studies was used to confirm results. DNA copy number, disease-free survival (DFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) were analyzed independently using these datasets.

Results: We identified and confirmed four distinct TNBC subtypes: (i) luminal androgen receptor (AR; LAR), (ii) mesenchymal (MES), (iii) basal-like immunosuppressed (BLIS), and (iv) basal-like immune-activated (BLIA). Of these, prognosis is worst for BLIS tumors and best for BLIA tumors for both DFS (log-rank test: P = 0.042 and 0.041, respectively) and DSS (log-rank test: P = 0.039 and 0.029, respectively). DNA copy number analysis produced two major groups (LAR and MES/BLIS/BLIA) and suggested that gene amplification drives gene expression in some cases [FGFR2 (BLIS)]. Putative subtype-specific targets were identified: (i) LAR: androgen receptor and the cell surface mucin MUC1, (ii) MES: growth factor receptors [platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor A; c-Kit], (iii) BLIS: an immunosuppressing molecule (VTCN1), and (iv) BLIA: Stat signal transduction molecules and cytokines.

Conclusion: There are four stable TNBC subtypes characterized by the expression of distinct molecular profiles that have distinct prognoses. These studies identify novel subtype-specific targets that can be targeted in the future for the effective treatment of TNBCs. Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1688–98. ©2014 AACR.

See related commentary by Vidula and Rugo, p. 1511
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cellular Patterns in Monoclonal Antibody-Induced Lung Disease
Authors: Gupta Shikha , Smith Patricia , Twigg III Homer L. , Hage Chadi A.
Published: September 2014

Background: The increase in the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAB) as a targeted therapy for a variety of diseases has been accompanied by an increase in reports of interstitial lung abnormalities in treated patients. Objective: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is routinely performed in these patients to rule out infection, so we sought to determine the BAL cellular pattern in individuals with mAB-induced lung disease (mAB-ILD). Methods: We utilized a case-control study design. Among patients treated with mAB, cases were defined as those with otherwise-unexplained interstitial lung abnormalities, which resolved after cessation of treatment, while controls were defined as those with interstitial abnormalities clearly explained by other etiologies. Results: From 2000 to 2012, we identified 9 cases and 7 controls. The mean age of the cases was 62.6 ± 26 years and 6 were female. The most common radiographic finding was diffuse ground-glass opacities. The most common BAL cellular pattern was mixed inflammation with moderate lymphocytic and mild neutrophilic alveolitis. The cases had a higher mean lymphocyte count than the controls (40.1 ± 32.6 vs. 13.1 ± 25.5, p = 0.008). The rest of the BAL cellular analyses were similar between the 2 groups. The median CD4:CD8 ratio in 7 patients with >15% lymphocytes was 0.9 (0.6-3). There was no significant difference in the CD4:CD8 ratio between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Mixed inflammation with moderate lymphocytic and mild neutrophilic alveolitis is the most common BAL cellular pattern in patients with mAB-ILD. Such findings may be useful for the early identification of mAB-ILD.
Novel Insight into Etiology, Diagnosis and Management of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Malikova Jana , Flück Christa E.
Published: September 2014

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a rare condition in childhood which is either inherited (mostly) or acquired. It is characterized by glucocorticoid and maybe mineralocorticoid deficiency. The most common form in children is 21-hydroxylase deficiency, which belongs to the steroid biosynthetic defects causing PAI. Newer forms of complex defects of steroid biosynthesis are P450 oxidoreductase deficiency and (apparent) cortisone reductase deficiency. Other forms of PAI include metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders and adrenal dysgenesis, e.g. the IMAGe syndrome, for which the underlying genetic defect has been recently identified. Newer work has also expanded the genetic causes underlying isolated, familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD). Mild mutations of CYP11A1 or StAR have been identified in patients with FGD. MCM4 mutations were found in a variant of FGD in an Irish travelling community manifesting with PAI, short stature, microcephaly and recurrent infections. Finally, mutations in genes involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species were identified in patients with unsolved FGD. Most mutations were found in the enzyme nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase, which uses the mitochondrial proton pump gradient to produce NADPH. NADPH is essential in maintaining high levels of reduced forms of antioxidant enzymes for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Similarly, mutations in the gene for TXNRD2 involved in this system were found in FGD patients, suggesting that the adrenal cortex is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress.
Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Risikofaktoren, Prävention und Behandlung
Authors: Platte Petra , Vögele Claus , Meule Adrian
Published: September 2014

Bei Erwachsenen ist ein Erfolg in der Behandlung der Adipositas nur in ungefähr 10% der Fälle zu erwarten, sodass der Prävention und Therapie von Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter eine hohe Bedeutung zukommen sollte. Zu den bekannten proximalen und distalen Risikofaktoren gehören eine hohe Kalorienaufnahme, körperliche Inaktivität, Übergewicht in der Familie, ein niedriger sozioökonomischer Status und Migrationshintergrund. Erfolgreiche Präventionsprogramme müssen psychosoziale Rahmenbedingungen mit einbeziehen und für diese gesellschaftlichen Gruppen spezifische Interventionen anbieten. Dies gilt auch für den Bereich der ambulanten und stationären Adipositastherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Auch wenn die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie einer alleinigen Lebensstiländerung überlegen ist und der Gewichtsverlust während der Behandlung höher ist, gilt eine langfristige Stabilisierung des Körpergewichts über den Therapiezeitraum hinaus als ungewiss. Dies weist darauf hin, dass die Rückkehr in ein Umfeld, das Adipositas fördert, als Risikofaktor angesehen werden muss. Nachhaltig erfolgreiche Behandlungsprogramme für Kinder und Jugendliche zielen deshalb auch auf die Verhaltensänderung von Eltern; in manchen Fällen wirkt sich sogar die alleinige Behandlung der Eltern vergleichbar positiv auf die Gewichtsreduktion der Kinder aus wie die gemeinsame Behandlung von Eltern und Kindern. Weitere übergewichtsfördernde Faktoren wie Fast Food, zuckerhaltige Limonaden, zu wenig Bewegung und ein hoher Fernseh- und Internetkonsum werden häufig ursächlich diskutiert. Inwiefern hier staatliche Regulierungen über Steuern bzw. Verbote erfolgreich sein könnten, gilt es noch zu untersuchen. Ein mangelndes Problembewusstsein innerhalb der Familie, an der Schule oder in anderen sozialen Gefügen würde diese Anstrengungen jedoch zunichtemachen, ebenso wie industrielle Kräfte, denen der wirtschaftliche Erfolg wichtiger ist als die Verantwortung für die Gesundheit der Gesellschaft.
Unique Composite Hematolymphoid Tumor Consisting of a Pro-T Lymphoblastic Lymphoma and an Indeterminate Dendritic Cell Tumor: Evidence for Divergent Common Progenitor Cell Differentiation
Authors: Buser Lorenz , Bihl Michel , Rufle Alex , Mickys Ugnius , Tavoriene Ilma , Griskevicius Laimonas , Tzankov Alexandar
Published: September 2014

Until recently, hematopoietic neoplasms were considered monoclonal proliferations belonging to one cell lineage. In the last years, evidence for transdifferentiation from one cell lineage to another or divergent common progenitor cell differentiation has accumulated, mainly based on composite hematolymphoid tumors, sharing common genetic abnormalities. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with a composite pro-T lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) and indeterminate dendritic cell tumor infiltrating the lymph nodes, bone marrow and stomach. Genetic analyses revealed that both cell populations bore +21, while a G13D mutation of the NRAS gene and monosomy 18 were detected only in the pro-T LBL. The synchronous appearance of two distinct uncommon hematolymphoid tumors in the same patient, recurrent at three different anatomic locations, with an identifiable common genetic denominator, namely +21, but also with unique genetic anomalies in the pro-T LBL raises the hypothesis of a divergent common progenitor cell differentiation.
Acupuncture in Treating Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Huang Nanbin , Li Changwei
Published: September 2014

Background: Two cases of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) in left ear diagnosed by an ear, nose, and throat specialist are presented. Case Report: The first patient was a 22-year-old male college student with moderately severe hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness in the ear for 5 days. The other patient was a 48-year-old male pilot with severe hearing loss, tinnitus, and fullness in the ear for 7 days. Both patients did not respond to medical treatment, and the hearing loss became even worse. The patients were then treated with acupuncture 5 and 7 days, respectively, after hearing loss had developed. Electroacupuncture was applied to ear and neck once per day for both patients. Results: Fullness in ear disappeared during the first treatment in both cases, and the first patient also felt great improvement in hearing during the first treatment. After 10 treatments, the first patient had recovered. In the other patient, hearing had greatly improved after 19 treatments. Conclusion: Acupuncture may be worth trying in patients with SSHL who do not respond to routine medical treatment.
The Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination: A New Assessment Tool for Dementia
Authors: Hsieh Sharpley , McGrory Sarah , Leslie Felicity , Dawson Kate , Ahmed Samrah , Butler Chris R. , Rowe James B. , Mioshi Eneida , Hodges John R.
Published: September 2014

Background/Aims: We developed and validated the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) in dementia patients. Comparisons were also made with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Method: The M-ACE was developed using Mokken scaling analysis in 117 dementia patients [behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), n = 25; primary progressive aphasia (PPA), n = 49; Alzheimer's disease (AD), n = 34; corticobasal syndrome (CBS), n = 9] and validated in an independent sample of 164 dementia patients (bvFTD, n = 23; PPA, n = 82; AD, n = 38; CBS, n = 21) and 78 controls, who also completed the MMSE. Results: The M-ACE consists of 5 items with a maximum score of 30. Two cut-offs were identified: (1) ≤25/30 has both high sensitivity and specificity, and (2) ≤21/30 is almost certainly a score to have come from a dementia patient regardless of the clinical setting. The M-ACE is more sensitive than the MMSE and is less likely to have ceiling effects. Conclusion: The M-ACE is a brief and sensitive cognitive screening tool for dementia. Two cut-offs (25 or 21) are recommended. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Verhaltens«Therapeuten» aus der Kranken«Pflege» - 30 Jahre Modellprojekt an der Verhaltenstherapie-Ambulanz des Universitätsklinikums Hamburg-Eppendorf
Authors: Hand Iver , Schroeder-Hartwig Karin , Weiss Angela , Friedrich Brigitte
Published: September 2014

In der ambulanten Verhaltenstherapie im Rahmen der Psychotherapie-Richtlinien gibt es, trotz steigender Therapeutenzahlen, zunehmende Wartezeiten und Versorgungsengpässe, insbesondere für schwerer gestörte Patienten. Bei einigen Krankenversicherungen und etlichen Therapeuten besteht daher die Tendenz, das bestehende System grundlegend in Frage zu stellen. Sollte es stattdessen aber vielleicht reformiert werden - unter Einbezug von Verhaltenstherapeuten aus der Krankenpflege? Für die stationäre Verhaltenstherapie wird empfohlen, die Auswirkungen des Engpasses bei den akademischen Therapeuten durch verstärkten Einsatz von «Verhaltenstherapie-Kotherapeuten», unter anderem aus der Krankenpflege, zu mildern. Für die ambulante Verhaltenstherapie wird am Beispiel des an der Verhaltenstherapie-Ambulanz am UKE in Hamburg entwickelten und praktizierten (1976-2006) Modells «Verhaltenstherapeuten aus der Krankenpflege» gezeigt, dass eine therapeutisch gleichwertige Erweiterung eines Teams aus akademischen Verhaltenstherapeuten möglich und für alle Berufsgruppen sehr bereichernd ist. Dieses Konzept basierte ursprünglich auf dem Ausbildungsmodell «Nurse Behaviour Therapist» (1972-2000), das von der Forschungsgruppe um Marks am Mundsley Krankenhaus in London entwickelt worden war. Die Darstellung dieser Entwicklung ist zugleich ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Verhaltenstherapie in Deutschland, in einem Zeitgeist berufsgruppenübergreifender Kooperation. Wird der Versorgungsdruck der letzten Jahre diesbezüglich zu einem Umdenken in eine international bereits zunehmend praktizierte Richtung führen? Neue experimentelle Behandlungsansätze und Vorschläge für eine Umsetzung des UKE-Modells im heutigen ambulanten Versorgungssystem werden diskutiert.
A Novel Mutation in the ROGDI Gene in a Patient with Kohlschütter-Tönz Syndrome
Authors: Huckert Mathilde , Mecili Helen , Laugel-Haushalter Virginie , Stoetzel Corinne , Muller Jean , Flori Elisabeth , Laugel Vincent , Manière Marie-Cécile , Dollfus Hélène , Bloch-Zupan Agnès
Published: September 2014

Kohlschütter-Tönz Syndrome (KTZS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ROGDI gene. This syndrome is characterized by epilepsy, psychomotor regression and amelogenesis imperfecta. In this paper, we report a case of a 13-year-old Malian girl presenting with this rare disease. By genetic analysis, we identified a novel ROGDI homozygous mutation NM_024589.1: c.117+1G>T [Chr16 (GRCh37): g.4852382C>A] which confirmed the diagnosis of Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome. The mutation abolishes the usual splice donor site of intron 2 which leads to the deletion of exon 2 and in-frame assembly of exon 3. Exon 2 encodes a highly conserved leucine-rich region that is essential for ROGDI protein function. Hence, this deletion may affect the function of the ROGDI protein.
Genetic Variations Associated With Recurrent Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Vlieg Astrid van Hylckama , Flinterman Linda E. , Bare Lance A. , Cannegieter Suzanne C. , Reitsma Pieter H. , Arellano Andre R. , Tong Carmen H. , Devlin James J. , Rosendaal Frits R.
Published: September 2014

Background—

The prediction of recurrent venous thrombosis using individual genetic risk predictors has proven to be challenging. The aim of this study was to assess whether multiple genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis would predict recurrent venous thrombosis.

Methods and Results—

Patients with a first venous thrombosis were followed for a recurrent venous thrombosis up to 2009 (MEGA follow-up study), which occurred in 608 out of 4100 patients (2.7%/year). Thirty-one common thrombosis-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with the risk of recurrence. A genetic risk score (GRS) for each individual was calculated by summing the number of risk-increasing alleles for each of the 31 SNPs and for a simplified model consisting of 5 SNPs: rs6025, rs1799963, rs8176719, rs2066865, and rs2036914. The risk of recurrence associated with the GRS was calculated continuously and after stratification in a low and high score. All individual SNPs were at most mildly associated with recurrence risk. Regarding the 31-SNP GRS, recurrence risk was highest in patients with ≥31 and lowest in patients with <21 risk alleles. The discriminative power of the 5-SNP GRS was similar to that of the 31-SNP GRS. The 6-year cumulative incidence of recurrence was high for individuals with ≥5 (20.3%; 95% confidence interval, 16.5–24.1) and low for individuals with ≤1 (9.4%; 95% confidence interval, 6.7–12.1) risk alleles. Predictive power improved after stratification into provoked and unprovoked first events and sex.

Conclusions—

Multiple genetic SNP analysis is useful in the prediction of recurrent thrombosis, even more so when combining this model with clinical risk factors.
Age-Specific Incidence, Outcome, Cost, and Projected Future Burden of Atrial Fibrillation–Related Embolic Vascular Events
Authors: Yiin Gabriel S.C. , Howard Dominic P.J. , Paul Nicola L.M. , Li Linxin , Luengo-Fernandez Ramon , Bull Linda M. , Welch Sarah J.V. , Gutnikov Sergei A. , Mehta Ziyah , Rothwell Peter M.
Published: September 2014

Background—

Prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is >10% at age ≥80 years, but the impact of population aging on rates of AF-related ischemic events is uncertain.

Methods and Results—

We studied age-specific incidence, outcome, and cost of all AF-related incident strokes and systemic emboli from 2002 to 2012 in the Oxford Vascular Study (OXVASC). We determined time trends in incidence of AF-related stroke in comparison with a sister study in 1981 to 1986, extrapolated numbers to the UK population and projected future numbers. Of 3096 acute cerebral or peripheral vascular events in the 92 728 study population, 383 incident ischemic strokes and 71 systemic emboli were related to AF, of which 272 (59.9%) occurred at ≥80 years. Of 597 fatal or disabling incident ischemic strokes, 262 (43.9%) were AF-related. Numbers of AF-related ischemic strokes at age ≥80 years increased nearly 3-fold from 1981–1986 to 2002–2012 (extrapolated to the United Kingdom: 6621 to 18 176 per year), due partly to increased age-specific incidence (relative rate 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.31-1.77,
P
=0.001), with potentially preventable AF-related events at age ≥80 years costing the United Kingdom £374 million per year. At current incidence rates, numbers of AF-related embolic events at age ≥80 years will treble again by 2050 (72 974/year), with 83.5% of all events occurring in this age group.

Conclusions—

Numbers of AF-related incident ischemic strokes at age ≥80 years have trebled over the last 25 years, despite the introduction of anticoagulants, and are projected to treble again by 2050, along with the numbers of systemic emboli. Improved prevention in older people with AF should be a major public health priority.
Achilles’ κῦδος in Iliad 24
Authors: Race William H.
Published: September 2014

This article argues that the honor/glory (τόδε κῦδος, 24.110) that Zeus intends to grant to Achilles in Book 24 refers primarily to his giving up Hector’s corpse and treating Priam with compassion and only secondarily to the ransom that Priam brings. The recent over-emphasis on the material ransom, encouraged by anthropological readings of the epic and a misunderstanding of the anaphoric reference of τόδε, skews the ending of the epic.
Why the Cosmos Needs a Craftsman: Plato, Timaeus 27d5-29b1
Authors: Johansen Thomas Kjeller
Published: September 2014

In his opening speech, Timaeus (Timaeus27d5-29b1) argues that the cosmos must be the product of a craftsman looking to an eternal paradigm. Yet his premises seem at best to justify only that the world could have been made by such a craftsman. This paper seeks to clarify Timaeus’ justification for his stronger conclusion. It is argued that Timaeus sees a necessary role for craftsmanship as a cause that makes becoming like being.
The Underlying Argument of Aristotle’s Metaphysics Z.3
Authors: Green Jerry
Published: September 2014

This paper argues that Aristotle’sMetaphysicsZ.3 deploys areductioagainst the claim that ‘substances underlie by being the subjects of predication’, in order to demonstrate the need for a new explanation of how substances underlie. Z.13 and H.1 corroborate this reading: both allude to an argument originally contained in Z.3, but now lost from our text, that form, matter and compound ‘underlie’ in different ways. This helps explain some of Z’s peculiarities—and it avoids committing Aristotle to self-contradiction about whether matter is substance, a claim denied in thereductiobut endorsed elsewhere.
An Absurd Accumulation: Metaphysics M.2, 1076b11-36
Authors: Katz Emily
Published: September 2014

The opening argument in theMetaphysicsM.2 series targeting separate mathematical objects has been dismissed as flawed and half-hearted. Yet it makes a strong case for a point that is central to Aristotle’s broader critique of Platonist views: if we posit distinct substances to explain the properties of sensible objects, we become committed to an embarrassingly prodigious ontology. There is also something to be learned from the argument about Aristotle’s own criteria for a theory of mathematical objects. I hope to persuade readers ofMetaphysicsM.2 that Aristotle is a more thoughtful critic than he is often taken to be.
The Primary Substance in Plotinus’ Metaphysics: A Little-Known Concept
Authors: Lavaud Laurent
Published: September 2014

This article addresses primary and universal ousia, the first level of the intelligible, in Plotinus’ metaphysics. In Treatise 43 (6.2), Plotinus argues that the five ‘great kinds’ of the Sophist constitute its exclusive ‘completives’ (τὰ συµπληρωτικὰ τῆς οὐσίας); species only appear later within the intelligible realm, at the level of particular ousiai. The relationship between universal Intellect and particular intellects therefore finds an exact correspondence in the connection between primary ousia and particular ousiai within the intelligible realm. Plotinus’ innovative ontology thus integrates the heritage of the Sophist while breaking with the Aristotelian model connecting genus and species.
Review of Mediterranean members of the Aphaenogaster cecconii group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with description of four new species
Authors: BOROWIEC LECH , SALATA SEBASTIAN
Published: September 2014

A group of six Mediterranean species related to Aphaenogaster cecconii Emery is reviewed. Four new species are described: A. equestris (SW Turkey), A. jolantae (Greece, Rhodes), A. lykiaensis (SW Turkey) and A. olympica (Greece, Karpathos). Aphaenogaster cecconii Emery and A. phillipsi Wheeler & Mann are redescribed. Detailed measurements and some observations on the location of nests and activity of workers are given.
Griveaudus gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from Tsaratanana Massif supports the biodiversity of montane flatids in Madagascar
Authors: STROIŃSKI ADAM , ŚWIERCZEWSKI DARIUSZ
Published: September 2014

The paper describes a new flatid genus, Griveaudus gen. nov., comprising two species G. issidiformis sp. nov. and G. tsarantananae sp. nov. from Madagascar. Additionally, the illustrations of the female internal genital structures are provided.
Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea) of Rosales trees in Iran: two new species and three new records
Authors: LOTFOLLAHI PARISA , IRANI-NEJAD KARIM HADDAD , LILLO ENRICO DE
Published: September 2014

This paper describes two new species of Eriophyoidea associated with trees belonging to the order Rosales in the south-western portion of East Azerbaijan province, Iran, collected during a survey in 2011: Aceria lobolinguae n. sp. on Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Elaeagnaceae) and Rhinophytoptus nemalobos n. sp. on Prunus domestica L. (Rosaceae). Additionally, Phyllocoptes abaenus Keifer on Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae), Aculus fockeui (Nalepa & Trouessart) on Prunus amygdalus Stokes and Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae), and Aceria mori (Keifer) on Morus alba L. (Moraceae) were collected and are new records for the mite fauna of Iran. New locality records and host plant data are provided for Eriophyes similis (Nalepa), Eriophyes pyri (Pagenstecher) and Calepitrimerus baileyi (Keifer) which are eriophyoid species previously known from Iran.
A new species of Naxia Latreille, 1825 (Brachyura: Majidae) from deep water off Brazil
Authors: TAVARES MARCOS , POORE GARY C. B.
Published: September 2014

A new species of spider crab, Naxia atlantica n. sp., is described and illustrated from deep waters off São Paulo (southeastern Brazil). The new species can be separated from its congeners by a suite of characters including shapes of the propodi of the walking legs, rostrum and basal antennal article. This is the first record of the genus outside southern Australia and New Zealand.
Psoralis mirnae sp. nov., the first species of the skipper genus from Central America (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)
Authors: SIEWERT RICARDO RUSSO , NAKAMURA ICHIRO , MIELKE OLAF HERMANN HENDRIK
Published: September 2014

Psoralis Mabille, 1904 (Hesperiinae: Moncini) contains 11 species of skippers distributed throughout South America (Mielke 2004, 2005). According to Evans (1955), Psoralis resembles Lerema Scudder, 1872, in several morphological characters of antennae, palpi, wings and legs, but could be distinguished from the latter by the male genitalia, where the uncus is undivided instead of being quadrifid. This paper describes a new species of Psoralis from Central America, P. mirnae sp. nov., based on specimens collected by the second author (I. Nakamura) in Guatemala.
Scapanoclypeus hardap (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Tanyproctini), a new species from Hardap province, Namibia
Authors: SEHNAL RICHARD
Published: September 2014

Scapanoclypeus hardap Sehnal, new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Tanyproctini), from Hardap province, Namibia, is described and an updated key to species of Scapanoclypeus Evans, 1987 is presented.
Structural Competency as a Framework for Training in Counseling Psychology
Authors: Ali Alisha , Sichel Corianna E.
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this article is to explore structural competency as a framework for training in counseling psychology. Structural competency as a guiding paradigm can be an important component of counseling practice that is informed by an understanding of the effects of oppression and structural-level disparities on the psychological well-being of marginalized groups and individuals. We outline a set of training principles that can inform the development of socially responsive curricula in counseling psychology programs. These principles are derived from the need for an emancipatory, liberatory stance among newly trained practitioners and from the need for counseling psychologists to engage in anti-oppression advocacy. We argue that part of this advocacy must involve partnering with clients to counteract the over-reliance on de-contextualized treatments that ignore the role that individual and collective agency can play in bringing about positive psychological change.
Making Heat Visible
Authors: Goodhew Julie , Pahl Sabine , Auburn Tim , Goodhew Steve
Published: September 2014

Householders play a role in energy conservation through the decisions they make about purchases and installations such as insulation, and through their habitual behavior. The present U.K. study investigated the effect of thermal imaging technology on energy conservation, by measuring the behavioral effect after householders viewed images of heat escaping from or cold air entering their homes. In Study 1 ( n = 43), householders who received a thermal image reduced their energy use at a 1-year follow-up, whereas householders who received a carbon footprint audit and a non-intervention control demonstrated no change. In Study 2 ( n = 87), householders were nearly 5 times more likely to install draught proofing measures after seeing a thermal image. The effect was especially pronounced for actions that addressed an issue visible in the images. Findings indicate that using thermal imaging to make heat loss visible can promote energy conservation.
Structure of Domestic Energy Saving
Authors: Urban Jan , Ščasný Milan
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine whether we can find, behind the richness of energy-saving behavior, more general behavioral patterns. Specifically, this study compares the one-factor confirmatory model, the two-factor confirmatory model, and the Rasch model, which embody alternative assumptions about the dimensionality of energy-saving behavior. Unlike previous studies, this study uses a confirmatory approach to the testing of alternative models, and covers 10 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries ( N = 10,251). This makes our tests rigorous and generalizable beyond a country-specific context. Our results indicate that energy saving is a one-dimensional class of behavior that is a function of individual’s propensity to engage in energy saving and the difficulty of energy-saving behavior. The Rasch model provides a valid and parsimonious representation of energy-saving behavior that outperforms the one- and two-factor models. We also show that the curtailment–efficiency dichotomy is not empirically valid.
L’italiano ha mille anni: Spunti drammatici sull’origine della lingua e della letteratura italiane in occasione della svolta millenaria del nostro idioma
Authors: Bernard Enrico
Published: September 2014

La lingua italiana è nata circa un millennio fa dalla trasformazione della liturgia drammatica in dramma liturgico. Attori di questo processo sono stati i “comici” che hanno sviluppato il dramma per la comprensione liturgica e per intrattenere il pubblico su temi religiosi conosciuti. Si è innescato così un processo abbastanza rapido di delatinizzazione e “involgarimento” delle sacre rappresentazioni che, spostandosi dall’altare alle piazze, hanno preso la forma meno solenne di laudi e misteri buffi. Questo processo è stato però messo in ombra dal tentativo – che ha origini lontane, addirittura in Dante – di nobilitare e idealizzare la genesi dell’italiano distinguendo il volgare dal “dolce stil novo”. La dicotomia ha scatenato discussioni secolari sul dialetto, in particolare sul fiorentino, che per Dante rappresenta quell’idioma “illustre, regale, curiale, cardinale” che si differenzia dal volgare come lingua d’ élite, letteraria e burocratica. Questa interpretazione, contrastata da Petrarca e Machiavelli, finì per eclissare l’origine drammatica, teatrale, dell’italiano. Ciò ha comportato un’interpretazione puramente letteraria e “fiorentinocentrica” della nostra storia linguistica e la “miseria” del teatro italiano sempre considerato, secondo una linea che va da Dante a Croce, come uno strumento troppo “volgare” e rozzo per sublimarsi in letteratura.
Characterization of recycled polyethylene terephthalates and polyethylene terephthalate–nylon6 blend knitted fabrics
Authors: Choi Yeon Joo , Kim Seong Hun
Published: September 2014

For environmental conservation, post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles are recycled using methods ranging from mechanical recycling to various chemical recycling processes.

In this study, the characterization of recycled PETs and PET–nylon6 blend knitted fabrics, and virgin PET knitted fabric, was carried out with the aim of broadening the application of recycled PET fabrics. The tensile strength values of mechanically and chemically recycled PET knitted fabrics were similar to those of virgin PET knitted fabric. The elongation of recycled PET–nylon6 blend knitted fabric was the best. Both virgin and recycled PET knitted fabrics had excellent pilling resistance. Based on the drape ratio, the recycled PET–nylon6 blend knitted fabric was more flexible than other samples. The warm/cool feeling ( Qmax), compressional and surface properties were measured using the Kawabata evaluation system for fabrics (KES-FB system). The compressional properties of mechanically recycled PET knitted fabric were similar to those of virgin PET knitted fabric. The recycled PET–nylon6 blend knitted fabric showed the smoothest appearance and coolest feeling among the four samples. Moisture regain and moisture permeability were the best in recycled PET–nylon6 blend knitted fabric. However, the wickability of mechanically recycled PET knitted fabric was better than other recycled PET knitted fabrics.
Automatic recognition of the color effect of yarn-dyed fabric by the smallest repeat unit recognition algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jie , Pan Ruru , Gao Weidong , Zhu Dandan
Published: September 2014

In this paper, an effective method based on the smallest repeat unit recognition (SRUR) algorithm is proposed to inspect the color effect of yarn-dyed fabric automatically. This method consists of three main steps: (1) color pattern preliminary recognition; (2) weave repeat unit recognition; (3) color yarn repeat unit recognition. In the first step, the floats in the fabric are located by yarn position segmented with mathematical statistics of sub-images and the colors of all floats classified by the fuzzy C-means algorithm. The color yarn layout is recognized by statistical analysis and the color pattern is roughly generated. In the second step, the weave repeat unit is found based on the preliminary color pattern. The weave repeat unit is extracted from the incompletely recognized weave pattern matrix by the SRUR algorithm. In the last step, according to the weave repeat unit and the preliminary identified color pattern, the color yarn layout is rectified by the improved statistical analysis, and the color yarn repeat unit is finally obtained by the SRUR algorithm. According to the weave and color yarn repeat units, the color effect is produced. The experimental analysis proved that the proposed method can recognize color effects of yarn-dyed fabrics with satisfactory accuracy.
Suitability of knitted fabrics as elongation sensors subject to structure, stitch dimension and elongation direction
Authors: Ehrmann A , Heimlich F , Brücken A , Weber MO , Haug R
Published: September 2014

The area of smart textiles has recently attracted more and more attention. One of the challenges in this domain is the development of textile sensors, such as textile electrodes, pressure sensors, elongation sensors, etc., mostly containing conductive yarn and/or conductive coating. One possibility to build a textile elongation sensor which can, for example, be utilized as a breathing sensor in a smart shirt, is using knitted fabrics created from conductive yarns, which often show a strong dependence of the electric resistance on the elongation. Due to the typical wearing out of knitted fabrics, however, the time-dependent behavior of a stretched fabric must also be taken into account. The article thus shows the results of elongation-dependent and time-dependent resistance measurements on knitted fabrics, produced from different yarns in various structures and stitch dimensions, elongated in different orientations with respect to the course direction. The results of our study show that full cardigan with medium stitch size is better suited for use as an elongation sensor than double face fabrics or other stitch sizes. These findings are not influenced by the stainless steel fraction in the conduction yarn, while mixing this yarn with a non-conductive one causes undesired signal deviations.
After-School Programs
Authors: Woodland Malcolm H.
Published: September 2014

While after-school programs are plentiful, they are often developed arbitrarily with little attention given to theoretical underpinnings that may inform program interventions. In this article, after-school programs are situated in resilience theory as protective factors, which encourage resilience among young Black males and other urban youth. The resilience literature is explored, granting attention to varying resilience models and contextualizing resilience in young Black males. Several risk factors such as poverty, violence exposure, and academic difficulty, which often plague these young men, are also examined. Finally, after-school programs are introduced as resources for Black males and other urban youth.
Pluralism to-come and the debates on Islam and secularism
Authors: Arfi Badredine
Published: September 2014

The article seeks to advance the debate on Islam and secularism, not by thinking of secularism in terms of whether there is or should be state neutrality toward religion, but rather by proposing that we think in terms of a state neutrality that is anchored in pluralism to-come. The latter is not a future pluralism that will one day arrive but is rather characterized by a structural promise of openness to futurity which thus exposes us to absolute surprise simultaneously of the best and the worst in plurality, the one never coming without opening the possibility of the other. The analysis is developed via a critical examination of the presuppositions of Abdullahi A. An-Na‘im’s book, Islam and the Secular State, supplemented with key ideas from Jacques Derrida’s political philosophy. I specifically propose to shift the debate on the question of Islam and state neutrality in two ways. First, I propose that instead of thinking in terms of secularism and its mechanism – civic reason – for sustaining pluralism in heterogeneous societies, we think in terms of a secularity and a civic reason, both of which presuppose a pluralism to-come. Second, I propose that we think not simply in terms of actual pluralism but rather in terms of an autoimmune pluralism.
Motives for the social sharing of an emotional experience
Authors: Duprez Christelle , Christophe Véronique , Rimé Bernard , Congard Anne , Antoine Pascal
Published: September 2014

Previous studies demonstrated that people socially share both their positive and negative emotional experiences. This article reports two studies aimed to clarify and assess the motives underlying this human propensity to share emotions. A large number of motives were collected from 182 participants (Study 1). A content analysis resulted in 8 categories of motives; 72 representative items were retained to create a Social Sharing Motives Scale (SSMS). The final structure of the SSMS, tested with 719 respondents, includes 39 items organized into 7 factors, namely “clarification and meaning,” “rehearsing,” “venting,” “arousing empathy/attention,” “informing and/or warning,” “assistance/support and comfort/consolation,” and “advice and solutions” (Study 2). This scale will usefully contribute to the investigation of the role played by interpersonal processes in emotional regulation.
Magnetic resonance imaging relaxation times of female reproductive organs
Authors: Takatsu Yasuo , Okada Tsutomu , Miyati Tosiaki , Koyama Takashi
Published: September 2014

Background

Relaxation time of female reproductive organs affects the tissue contrast of magnetic resonance image (MRI), and is used for quantitative analysis.

Purpose

To evaluate the relaxation times of normal female reproductive organs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Material and Methods

On a 1.5-T MRI, relaxation times were measured in pelvic tissues (endometrium, junctional zone, myometrium, follicle, and stroma) of 32 female healthy volunteers (33.5 ± 6.8 years). The Look–Locker sequence was used to measure T1 relaxation times. Furthermore, a multiple spin-echo method with 32 different echo times was used to measure T2 relaxation times. The images were obtained in the luteal phase of each volunteer’s menstrual cycle.

Results

The measured relaxation times (means ± standard deviations) were as follows: endometrium (T1, 1703 ± 147 ms; T2, 214 ± 35 ms), junctional zone (T1, 1168 ± 63 ms; T2, 72 ± 12 ms), myometrium (T1, 1314 ± 103 ms; T2, 138 ± 20 ms), follicle (T1, 2267 ± 249 ms; T2, 603 ± 68 ms), and stroma (T1, 1481 ± 129 ms; T2, 126 ± 29 ms).

Conclusion

Reliable MRI measurements of T1 and T2 relaxation times of normal female reproductive organs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle are useful as references to recognize the normal value.
Degree of Preoperative Subchondral Bone Edema Is Not Associated With Pain and Graft Outcomes After Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Smith Anne , Fallon Michael , Wood David J. , Ackland Timothy R.
Published: September 2014

Background:

Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) is an established technique for the repair of knee chondral defects. While a number of factors may affect the clinical outcome, little is known about the influence of subchondral bone abnormalities at the time of surgery on pain and graft outcomes after MACI.

Purpose:

To investigate the association between subchondral bone marrow edema within 3 months before MACI surgery on preoperative and postoperative reported pain and symptoms as well as postoperative graft outcomes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This retrospective study was undertaken in 56 patients undergoing MACI with clinical and radiological assessments before surgery and at 3, 12, 24, and 60 months after surgery. Patients were assessed using the Pain and Symptoms subscales of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate the severity of preoperative subchondral bone marrow edema, while graft infill and an MRI composite graft score were evaluated after surgery via the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) scoring system. Linear regression utilizing generalized estimating equations was used to investigate the association between preoperative subchondral bone marrow edema scores and preoperative and postoperative KOOS subscores as well as postoperative MRI-based scores of graft repair.

Results:

The degree of preoperative subchondral bone marrow edema was not significantly associated with postoperative outcomes, whereby there was no evidence of a difference between edema subgroups over all time points for the KOOS-Pain subscore ( P = .644), KOOS-Symptoms subscore ( P = .475), or MRI composite score ( P = .685) after adjustment for potential confounders of age, body mass index, defect size, and defect location.

Conclusion:

No association was demonstrated between the severity of preoperative subchondral bone marrow edema with postoperative patient-reported knee pain or symptoms or postoperative graft repair assessed via MRI.
Assessing School Climate
Authors: Bear George G. , Yang Chunyan , Pasipanodya Elizabeth
Published: September 2014

The goal of this study was to develop a parent school climate survey of high practical utility, grounded in theory, and supported by evidence of the reliability of its scores and validity of the inferences for their use. The Delaware School Climate Survey-Home is comprised of seven factors: Teacher–Student Relations, Student–Student Relations, Teacher–Home Communication, Respect for Diversity, Fairness of Rules, Clarity of Expectations, and School Safety. With a sample of 16,173 parents/guardians, confirmatory factor analyses supported a bifactor model, consisting of one general factor and the seven specific factors above. Configural, weak factorial, and strong factorial invariance were found across three grade-level groups, five racial-ethnic groups, and gender. Evidence of criterion-related validity was found in scores across all factors correlating significantly at the elementary and middle school levels with academic achievement, bullying victimization, and school suspensions/expulsions.
The spatial contagion of international mediation
Authors: Böhmelt Tobias
Published: September 2014

If conflicts cluster in space, does this also apply to international mediation? In light of the spatial dependency of armed conflicts, this paper develops a theoretical framework based on the mechanisms of norm diffusion for why we may also observe international mediation contagion in certain regions. Specifically, the author derives the hypothesis that mediation could diffuse across those disputes that are closely linked to each other geographically. The empirical analysis of this argument employs data from the International Crisis Behavior project, which covers international crises and mediation onsets between 1918 and 2007. The results show that mediation does indeed cluster in space, while the findings become even stronger when taking into account more recent crises only. The article concludes that knowledge about the spatial contagion of international mediation is likely to be of great interest to policy-makers and scholars alike.
Conjugation of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with various acrylates for improved delivery of plasmid encoding interleukin-12 gene
Authors: Sabahi Zahra , Samani Soliman Mohammadi , Dehshahri Ali
Published: September 2014

In this study, a small library of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) derivatives was prepared through the conjugation of its amines with various acrylates containing 5–21 carbon chain lengths at two different conjugation degrees, and the ability of the nano-sized PAMAM-based complexes to transfer the plasmid encoding interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene into the cells was studied. As the wide clinical application of the recombinant IL-12 protein has been limited due to several deaths reported following the systemic administration of the protein, local expression of the IL-12 gene inside the tumor target has been considered as an effective alternative strategy. The idea subjacent to this type of modification was to enhance transfection efficiency by the synergistic effects of endosome buffering via the PAMAM amines and the interaction with biological membranes caused by the hydrophobic moieties grafted on the PAMAM structure. Acrylate conjugation of primary amines on PAMAM structure enhanced transfection efficiency, with the highest level of IL-12 expression occurring with the conjugates containing five to nine carbon chains on their periphery at the grafting degree of 10%. The results obtained in this study suggest that combining the cationic nature of PAMAM along with modulating the hydrophobicity of the dendrimer to achieve an appropriate hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance yields the optimal carriers for non-viral gene delivery.