bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Russia's Position in the System of International Trade Relations in the Context of Sanctions Imposed Against Russia
Authors: Beloborodova Ksenia , Epova Natalia
Published: February 2024

International trade, which constitutes liaison between producers of goods and services from different countries, is vital for any country in the modern world. International trade is based on the division of labor and characterized by mutual economic dependence. Russia in 2022 is still one of the main trading partners in the system of international trade relations due to its role as a key exporter of energy resources. In this context, it is relevant to study the current situation in Russia's foreign trade greatly affected by the sanction policy of Western countries. The purpose of this study is to identify some negative effects of the imposed sanctions on Russia's export-import operations and outline possible areas of trade development and trade diversification, which could result in strengthening Russia's position in the global market. The methodology of the study is based on analyzing dynamics of Russia's foreign trade under sanctions, as well as comparing and generalizing modern methods of national and international regulations of foreign trade. The informational and empirical basis of the study is the data of statistical reports of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Federal Customs Service. The object of observation is Russia's foreign trade from 2013 to 2022. Scientific novelty lies in introducing new approaches to solving the identified problems of development of Russia's foreign trade, as well as outlining prospects of altering commodity range and geographic structure of exports and imports. The conducted research has revealed that Russia’s economy and foreign trade is affected by the politics-related restrictions; that Russia needs to develop its own innovative technologies and production on their basis, which will reform the structure of Russia's export.
Institutional Approach to Determining the Law in Russia
Authors: Atanov Andrey , Rudyakov Vasilii
Published: February 2024

When we consider regulation system of social relations, the first thing that comes into one’s mind is the legal regime. But while carrying out the analysis of the concept of social relations by the means of the law, mite is important to understand what the law is and what the role of the law is, as well as its principles and basics, otherwise the analysis will be unreliable. Consequently, we should mark out that the problem of the essential definition of law arises. The existing traditions of law enforcement are usually referred to in order to solve this problem. In the system of law enforcement all notions should be defined because this system is an ancient tool with the established practice. Nevertheless, we should remember that any practice is not a theory. If any tool that has no definition in the theory is (or is considered to be) efficient in practice but at the same time has no clear conceptual structure — probably it is an absolutely different tool (tools). The essence is sliding away and is replaced by other essences. In the context of law, such essences are social institutional bodies. Taking into account all mentioned above in this research we analyze two institutional systems — natural law and canonical — for their acceptability for Russia. The analysis shows that “implanting” natural law is not typical for Russia both in historical and institutional contexts. We believe that this “implanting” can lead to destruction of the Russian national legal system’s basic functions; will strengthen relations within non-legal frameworks and as a result there is a possibility that a quasi-class society will appear. The Soviet practice of defining the basis of law is also insufficient as it creates and fixes law-similar but not legal essences or forms. As the main conclusion in this research, we give the definition of law typical for our country in historical-institutional context.
Determination of wear rate and coefficient of friction of Al6262 reinforced with different weight percentage of WC/MoS2 under dry sliding condition
Authors:   Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Hemadri Kadapa , S Ajith Arul Daniel ,   Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Kukanur Vijayendra ,   Dept. of Mechanical Eng., H.K.E.Society’s Sir.M.Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Nagaral Madeva ,   Aircraft Research and Design Centre, HAL
Published: February 2024

A tribological investigation was undertaken on hybrid metal matrix composites based on Aluminum alloy 6262, incorporating varying weight percentages of Tungsten Carbide (WC) and Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) under dry sliding conditions. Specifically, Tungsten Carbide was incorporated at 3%, 6%, and 9%, while Molybdenum disulphide was introduced at 2%, 4%, and 6%. The fabrication of these hybrid composites was accomplished using the stir casting technique. The experimental design followed an L27 orthogonal array, and Taguchi optimization was employed to identify the optimal combination of input parameters. The orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance were employed to study the optimal testing parameters on developed composites. The optimal formulation, resulting in the minimum wear rate and coefficient of friction, was determined to be 9% WC, 6% MoS2, a load of 10N, a sliding velocity of 1 m/s, and a sliding distance of 400 m. Characterization was carried out for Al6262/WC/MoS2 hybrid composite by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Human resource practices and performance in information technology projects
Authors: Riaz Saba , Haider Zeshan Ali , Saleem Kashif
Published: February 2024

This quantitative survey was non-experimental and had two goals. An evaluation of predictor variables of empowerment, motivation, teamwork, interpersonal skills, and training and development in project environments was one goal to help explain the industry’s high project failure rate. Second, this research tested Bandura’s social learning theory and tested the hypothesis that empowerment and motivation boost performance. Using a survey-based questionnaire, the data was collected from 212 employees working in different IT companies in Pakistan. The results revealed that empowerment, motivation, teamwork, and training and development have a significant impact on project performance. Using the results, this study proposes theoretical implications for the researchers and managerial implications for the organizations.
Wages, Demographics, and Gender: Register Analysis among Doctorate Holders in Iceland
Authors: Staub Maya , Hjálmsdóttir Andrea , Rafnsdóttir Guðbjörg Linda
Published: February 2024

The percentage of female doctorate holders has steadily increased in the Western world. Despite this trend, there is a scarcity of studies addressing gender disparities among doctorate holders, within and outside academia. We analyze the earnings of Icelandic doctorate holders either in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) or social sciences and humanities (SSH) and are employed within and outside academia. We contend that achieving gender-wage equality is crucial for doctorate holders, given that education worldwide is considered a means to empower women and a significant factor in reducing gender inequality and narrowing the pay gap. Our findings reveal a continuous gender gap in total earnings between the fifth and tenth career years regardless of the field of study or the employment being within or outside academia. Thus, our findings suggest that a Ph.D. does not improve women’s earning power enough to close the gender pay gap.
Enhancing the Adoption of Financial Innovations to Foster Socioeconomic Welfare
Authors: Gamsakhurdia Tamar , Kadagidze Lamara
Published: February 2024

The integration of digital technologies has garnered global attention, with a primary focus on their potential to streamline the convergence of digital and non-digital economies. This trend is poised to generate self-employment opportunities and spur socio-economic development, transcending geographic boundaries. In the context of Georgia, where the number of digitally connected individuals is on the rise, it becomes imperative to ascertain the extent to which financial technologies deployed in the financial services industry contribute to the well-being of the population and business representatives. This research aims to assess the benefits of these technologies while acknowledging that their utilization does not impede the future implementation of novel financial innovations by institutions in the sector. While including both, qualitative and quantitative analysis, the study examines the significance of financial technologies in the country's economy in terms of financial resources and the impact on the well-being and growth of the population and companies. Emphasizing user-centricity, it underscores the need to prioritize the fulfillment of users' requirements. Notably, it is not solely traditional financial institutions that shape the landscape, but also technology firms offering innovative products and services, which exert a critical influence on fostering a dynamic business environment. Furthermore, the evaluation of emerging technologies such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and blockchain elucidates their potential impact in enhancing the well-being of businesses and the general population. Nevertheless, given the current stage of their development, a comprehensive nationwide implementation of these technologies remains challenging.
The Impact of Unemployment on Economic Development: Georgia's Example
Authors: Zhorzholiani Tinatin
Published: February 2024

This study explores the intricate relationship between unemployment and economic development, with a specific focus on the case of Georgia. High unemployment rates often signal economic challenges within a nation, and their consequences can extend far beyond the labor market. By examining Georgia's experience, this research aims to shed light on the multifaceted impact of unemployment on various facets of economic growth.

Drawing from statistical data and regression analysis, this study investigates the causal links between unemployment levels and key economic indicators. It delves into how unemployment rates influence factors such as GDP growth, income inequality, social welfare programs, and overall societal well-being.

Furthermore, the study delves into the policy measures implemented in Georgia to combat unemployment and foster sustainable economic development. It scrutinizes the effectiveness of these policies, identifying successes and areas requiring improvement.

The insights gained from this analysis not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between unemployment and economic development but also provide valuable lessons for policymakers and stakeholders in Georgia and other regions grappling with similar challenges. As nations worldwide seek to navigate the complex terrain of labor market dynamics and economic prosperity, the case of Georgia serves as an instructive example, highlighting the significance of addressing unemployment as a critical component of a nation's economic growth strategy.
Enseñanza de la geología en Paraguay
Authors: Franco Néstor Damian Salinas , Celabe Romina
Published: February 2024

Introducción. La Educación Media se divide en bachilleratos científicos y técnicos en Paraguay. En los bachilleratos científicos en ciencias básicas están presentes las asignaturas Ciencias Naturales y Geología (sólo primer año). Objetivo. Presentar la situación de la enseñanza de la Geología en la Educación Media. Metodología. Mediante datos del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias (MEC) para los años 2013 y 2016, se analizaron los matriculados en los bachilleratos científicos en zonas urbanas o rurales, también se realizó una encuesta de percepción docente dirigida a los profesores quienes enseñan la asignatura Geología. Resultados. Más del doble de matriculados en los Bachilleratos Científicos son de zonas urbanas que zonas rurales. El Bachillerato en Ciencias Básicas es el segundo con más matriculados, siendo 5 de cada 6 de zonas urbanas y una de zonas rurales. Las encuestas muestran que la mayor dificultad en la enseñanza es debido a la falta o escasa información de los temas y unidades del programa. Conclusión. Aunque la Geología está presente en el sistema educativo de Paraguay, su presencia se limita a un bachillerato con alcance reducido en áreas rurales.
An Evaluation of Wireless Network Security with Penetration Testing Method at PT PLN UP2D S2JB
Authors: Ariyadi Tamsir , Irham Irham , Cahyadi Eko Fajar
Published: February 2024

Advances in information and communication technology continue to grow over time. This causes significant changes in social, economic, and political conditions. One company that requires strong network security is PT PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara) Persero, which is a leading energy company in Indonesia. In this case, the need to evaluate network security at PT PLN is very important. This evaluation will help identify vulnerabilities and security gaps that exist in PT PLN's network infrastructure. This network security evaluation using the Penetration Testing Execution Standards (PTES) method can provide an overview of the vulnerabilities or weaknesses of the network system at PT PLN UP2D S2JB which has quite a lot of gaps to exploit. This is evidenced by the results of fifteen tests conducted, only two of which failed, namely in the type of attack The Rogue Access Point. The results of Penetration Testing are very necessary and important as feedback for system managers in fixing existing vulnerability gaps.
Diamond Methodology: Augmented Reality and Kinesthetic Haptics Fusion for Virtual Object Interaction and Display
Authors: Rodriguez-Ramirez Alma , Vergara Villegas Osslan Osiris , Nandayapa Manuel , Garcia-Luna Francesco
Published: February 2024

Using the senses is essential to interact with objects in real-world environments. However, not all the senses are available when interacting with virtual objects in virtual environments. This paper presents a diamond methodology to fuse two technologies to represent the senses of sight and touch when interacting with a virtual object. The sense of sight is represented through augmented reality, and the sense of touch is represented through kinesthetic haptics. The diamond methodology is centered on the user experience and comprises five general stages: Experience design, Sensory representation, Development, Display, and Fusion. The first stage comes from the expected, proposed, or needed user experience. Then, each technology takes its homologous activities from the second to the fourth stage, diverging from each other along their development. Finally, the technologies converge to the fifth and final stage for fusion in the user experience. The diamond methodology was tested by generating a user's dual sensation when interacting with the elasticity of a tension virtual spring. The user can simultaneously perceive the visual and tactile change of the virtual spring during the interaction, representing the object's deformation. The experimental results demonstrated that an interactive experience can be felt and seen in augmented reality following the diamond methodology.
Evaluation of Different Soil Salinity Indices Using Remote Sensing Techniques in Siwa Oasis, Egypt
Authors: Salem Omnia H , Jia Zhonghua
Published: February 2024

Detecting and monitoring changes in soil salinity through remote sensing provides an opportunity for field assessment in regions where on-site measurements are limited. This investigation, carried out in Siwa Oasis, Egypt, aimed to assess the efficacy of several soil salinity indices derived from Landsat 5 and 7 satellite images. To achieve this, 56 on-site ground measurements were utilized for evaluation purposes. The study aimed to improve the correlation between EC and index values and explore the relationship between salinity and changes in land cover. Eleven spectral indices were calculated for nine scenes captured in different months from August to December. The first approach involved stacking the data to identify the index with the strongest correlation with ground EC values, without the need for complex analysis or EC value ranging. In the second approach, the ground EC measurements were classified into seven different salinity categories, and the correlation coefficient was calculated between each index and each salinity category. The third approach analyzed the data temporally, considering different salinity levels. Lastly, a spatial correlation analysis was conducted between EC and index values in the fourth scenario. The initial approach revealed a weak correlation due to substantial variation in EC values. However, the SI index demonstrated the highest correlation coefficient of 0.38. In the second scenario, the S2 index exhibited the highest correlation of 0.96 for moderate salinity samples. The third scenario showed that the S1 index achieved the highest correlation value of 0.99 for moderately saline areas. In the fourth scenario, the SI index exhibited the strongest correlation among all four ponds with correlation coefficients of 0.23, 0.23, 0.18, and 0.61. Notably, the correlations observed in the second and third scenarios demonstrated higher correlation coefficients compared to both the first and fourth scenarios. The study highlighted significant variations in EC levels related to land cover types and pond elevation. Additionally, remote sensing methods detected a 48% increase in total vegetated area over 17 years, showing the potential of remote sensing techniques in salinity monitoring for expanding agriculture and improving land management.
Whole Genome Alignment: Methods, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Saada Bacem , Estevao Siga , Zhang Jing , Magalhães Muniz Maria Malane , Zhang TianChi
Published: February 2024

Whole genome alignment (WGA) is a critical process in comparative genomics, facilitating the detection of genetic variants and aiding our understanding of evolution. This paper offers a detailed overview and categorization of WGA techniques, encompassing suffix tree-based, anchors-based, and graph-based methods. It elaborates on the algorithmic properties of these tools, focusing on performance and methodological aspects. The paper underscores the latest progress in WGA, emphasizing the increasing capacity to manage the growing intricacy and volume of genomic data. However, the field still grapples with computational and biological hurdles affecting the precision and speed of WGA. We explored these challenges and potential future solutions. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, deepening our understanding of WGA tools and their applications, constraints, and prospects.
Hydrogen Gas Compression for Efficient Storage: Balancing Energy and Density
Authors: Franco Alessandro , Giovannini Caterina
Published: February 2024

The article delves into the crucial realm of compressing hydrogen in its gaseous state, a pivotal process for enhancing its viability in both civil and industrial sectors. The study initiates by providing a concise overview and comparison of diverse hydrogen storage methodologies, laying the groundwork with an in-depth analysis of hydrogen's thermophysical properties. It scrutinizes plausible configurations for hydrogen compression, aiming to strike a delicate balance between energy consumption, predominantly derived from the fuel itself, and the requisite number of compression stages. Notably, to render hydrogen storage competitive in terms of volume, pressures of at least 350 bar are deemed essential, albeit at an energy cost amounting to approximately 10% of the fuel's calorific value. Multi-stage compression emerges as a crucial strategy, not solely for energy efficiency, but also to curtail temperature rise, with an upper limit set at 200°C. This nuanced approach is underlined by the exploration of compression levels commonly cited in the literature, particularly 350 bar and 700 bar. Ultimately, the study advocates for a three-stage compression system as a pragmatic compromise, capable of achieving high-pressure solutions while keeping compression work below 10 MJ/kg, a threshold indicative of sustainable energy utilization.
Transgenderizations of the Collective Psyche of Humanity
Authors: Liegener Christoph-Maria
Published: February 2024

The evolving collective psyche of humanity reveals a shift from predominantly masculine to increasingly feminine characteristics since around 1500 A.D. This transformation, termed 'trans-genderization,' is attributed to identified psychological factors. Remarkably, the collective psyche has undergone similar transitions in the past since the emergence of humanity.
Food Security and Foodborne Mycotoxicoses–What Should be the Adequate Risk Assessment and Regulation?
Authors: Stoev Stoycho D.
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this review is to elucidate the actual threat of the most prevalent mycotoxins in agricultural commodities and human/animal food/feed for appearance of foodborne ailments and diseases. The underestimated hazard of joint mycotoxin uptake of animals or humans is critically discussed with regards to synergistic or additive interaction between some target mycotoxins. The real toxicity of target mycotoxin combinations as it happens in practice is evaluated and possible lower limit values or control measures are suggested in such cases. Some critical points in adequate risk assessment, hygiene control and regulation of mycotoxns are discussed. The efficiency of current mycotoxin regulations and control measures is evaluated in regards to human/animal health hazard. The risk assessment in the case of multiple mycotoxin exposure of humans/animals via the food/feed or agricultural commodities is evaluated and some suggestions are proposed in such cases. Appropriate control measures and food safety issues throughout the food supply chain are proposed in order to prevent target foodborne diseases. Some preventive measures and possible veterinary hygiene control or risk assessment are proposed in some practical cases of foodborne diseases for preventing mycotoxin contamination of animal products designed for human consumption and to avoid possible public health issues.
Understanding Drug-Induced Movement Disorders: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Authors: R. Santos Eduardo
Published: February 2024

Drug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) are a group of neurological conditions caused by the use of certain medications. These disorders can significantly impact a person's quality of life and are essential to recognize and manage. This article provides an overview of the causes, symptoms, and treatment of DIMDs. DIMDs can manifest in various forms, including parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, dystonia, and akathisia. They are most commonly associated with medications such as neuroleptics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiemetics, and anticonvulsants. Risk factors for developing DIMDs include age, genetics, duration of medication use, and dose of medication. Symptoms of DIMDs can range from mild to severe and may include tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and involuntary movements. These symptoms can significantly impact a person's ability to perform daily activities and lead to social isolation and decreased quality of life. DIMD diagnoses are based on clinical evaluation, including a thorough medical history and physical examination. Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans may also be used to rule out other possible causes of symptoms. Treatment of DIMDs involves the withdrawal of the offending medication if possible. Pharmacological treatments such as anticholinergic drugs, benzodiazepines, and dopamine agonists may also be used to manage symptoms. Non-pharmacological treatments such as physical, occupational, and speech therapy can also be beneficial. DIMDs are necessary neurological conditions that can significantly impact a person's quality of life. Early recognition and management of these disorders are essential for optimizing outcomes. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of DIMDs better and to develop more effective treatments.
Extension of the Equivalent Thickness Concept to the Bifurcation of Large Semiconductor Front Side Metal Taiko Wafers Investigated by Ansys Finite Element Analysis Methods
Authors: Vinciguerra Vincenzo , Malgioglio Giuseppe Luigi , Renna Marco
Published: February 2024

Scaling up the production of power devices involves, in the semiconductor industry, the use of large semiconductor 8” and 12” wafers of Si or SiC. Their use implicates a successful an effective monitoring and control of wafer warpage, as the geometrical size of the substrate increases, as well as a command control on the degeneration of non-linear warpage into critical phenomena known as bifurcation or buckling.To mitigate the warpage, the use of taiko wafers, which consists of wafers having a thicker region on the rim region of the wafer, has been generally adopted in the production lines. In a previous work [1] we investigated the warpage of taiko wafers by introducing the concept of equivalent thickness, in the linear approximation, for the case of a front side metalized taiko wafer. However, as the thickness of the central semiconductor substrate region decreases the possibility that also the taiko wafer bifurcates emerges. For this reason, in this work we have investigated the occurrence of bifurcation or buckling in a taiko wafer. In particular, we implemented a finite element analysis method by using ANSYS Mechanical Enterprise 2023/R2 to investigate the phenomenon of bifurcation in a taiko wafer. The investigated system consisted of a 200 mm Si (001) front side metalized (FSM) taiko wafer, having a substrate thickness ranging from 100 µm to 400 µm, with a step height fixed to 450 µm. The FSM layer consisted of an Al layer of 4.5 µm thin. The system was subjected to a thermal load such that, getting cooled from a nominal temperature T to 25°C, the metal layer can develop a residual stress. To investigate the bifurcation, an asymmetry was induced in the system by applying a slight force on a point of the circumferential region perpendicularly to the substrate. The temperature investigated ranged from 30 °C to 170 °C. From this investigation, it results that also the bifurcation is mitigated by the taiko structure. Indeed, the bifurcation emerges at higher values of the stresses with respect to the case of flat wafers having the same size and thickness of the substrate. Moreover, the concept of equivalent thickness needs to be reformulated by taking into account of the bifurcation phenomenon. Indeed, from the warpage at the bifurcation point of the taiko wafer, we can determine an overall equivalent thickness of the taiko wafer.
Pre-operative adiposity and synovial fluid inflammatory biomarkers provide a predictive model for post-operative outcomes following total joint replacement surgery in osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Nanus Dominika E , Davis Edward T , Jones Simon W
Published: February 2024

A proportion of osteoarthritis (OA) patients are unsatisfied with post-operative outcomes following total joint replacement surgery (TJR), with insufficient pain relief or poor functional improvement. Predicting those will have poor outcomes would be beneficial for patients and clinicians. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between baseline anthropometric data and the concentration of pre-operative serum and peri-operative synovial fluid (SF) cytokines with 7-month post-operative outcomes in a cohort of knee and hip OA patients. 160 OA patients were recruited who were scheduled for TJR. The concentration of 24 cytokines were measured in blood and SF by multiplex assay. EQ5Dindex health status was assessed pre-operatively and at 7-months post-operatively. 13% of patients were identified as non-responders based on EQ5Dindex. Compared to responders, non-responders were of higher BMI, had greater waist and hip circumference and had higher levels of SF leptin but lower levels of SF Resistin (p<0.05). Linear regression analysis found a significant relationship between pre-operative body weight and post-operative response (ΔEQ5Dindex; r=0.222, p=0.049). The combination of body weight with SF amphiregulin and SF IL-6 provided an improved predictive model of post-operative response (r=0.470, p=0.035).
Application of Sodium Hypochlorite for Human Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus Inactivation in Groundwater
Authors: Jeon Eun Bi , Park Shin Young
Published: February 2024

In this study, the effect of NaOCl (10–200 ppm of Cl2) on the inactivation of human norovirus (HuNV) GII.4 and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in groundwater was investigated using PMA/RT­qPCR. Initially, 4.00 log copies/μL of HuNV GII.4 or 5.50 log copies/μL of HAV were artificially inoculated in ground water. The titers of HuNV GII.4 and HAV decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing Cl2 concentrations. Ground water was treated with 10, 30, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm of Cl2, and the viable HuNV GII.4 was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced to 3.28 (0.21 log reduction), 3.18 (0.31 log reduction), 3.01 (0.48 log reduction), 2.75 (0.74 log reduction), 2.54 (0.95 log reduction), and 2.34 (1.15 log reduction) log copies/μL, respectively. The viable HAV was also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced to 4.99 (0.23 log reduction), 4.76 (0.46 log reduction), 4.55 (0.67 log reduction), 4.21 (1.01 log reduction), 3.89 (1.33 log reduction), and 3.64 (1.58 log reduction) log copies/μL, respectively. The decimal reduction time (D-value) (1-log reduction) of HuNV GII.4 and HAV infectivity in ground water was predicted as 116.7 and 98.9 ppm of Cl2, respectively using the first-order kinetics model (HuNV GII.4 ; y = - 0.0054x + 3.3585, R2= 0.97, HAV ; y = - 0.0091x + 5.0470, R2= 0.97). The result specifically suggests that 150–200 ppm Cl2 can potentially be used for the inactivation of > 1 log copies/μL HuNV GII.4 and HAV in ground water.
Disclosing Morbidity and Mortality by Routine Blood Analyses of the Emergency Room in Omicron COVID-19 Patients. A Retrospective Study
Authors: Rusi Eqrem , Pennacchia Fiorenza , Ruqa Wael Abu , Zingaropoli Maria Antonella , Pasculli Patrizia , Talarico Giuseppina , Bruno Giuseppe , Barbato Christian , Minni Antonio , Tarani Luigi , Galardo Gioacchino , Pugliese Francesco , Lucarelli Marco , Ciardi Maria Rosa , Meucci Luigi , Ferraguti Giampiero , Fiore Marco
Published: February 2024

SARS-CoV-2 is the Coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though we are no more in a pandemic situation, people are getting infected some of them needing hospitalization, and a few of them die. Methods: We did a retrospective study including 445 patients who accessed the Emergency Section of Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy, where they had routine blood exams. In this study, we concentrated on the complete blood count, creatinine, and azotemia. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, Spearman correlation, and ROC analysis. They were divided into four groups based on their outcome: (1) the emergency group (patients with mild forms who were quickly discharged); (2) the hospital ward group (patients who after admission to the emergency section were hospitalized in a COVID-19 ward); (3) the intensive care unit (ICU) group (patients that after the admission in the emergency section required intensive assistance); (4) the deceased group (patients that after the admission in the emergency section had a fatal outcome).
Results: We found significant changes for creatinine, azotemia, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, basophils, monocytes, red blood cell distribution width, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell numbers by ANOVA according to their outcomes, particularly for the deceased group. Also, we found outcome correlations for eosinophils, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, lymphocyte, neutrophil, platelet, and red blood cell number and red blood cell distribution width. Conclusions: This study discloses an association between “classical” routine blood biomarkers and the severity of outcomes in Omicron patients.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 inhibition attenuates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head through pyroptosis
Authors: Fang Lun , Zhang Gang , Wu Yadi , Li Hao , Li Zhongzhe , Yu Beilei , Wang Bin , Zhou Lu
Published: February 2024

Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is the predominant cause of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Impaired blood supply and reduced osteogenic activity of the femoral head are the key pathogenic mechanisms of SONFH. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels are not only a biomarker for early vascular lesions caused by abnormal mineral metabolism, but can also act directly on the peripheral vascular system, leading to vascular pathology. The aim of this study was to observe the role of FGF23 on bone microarchitecture and vascular endothelium, and to investigate activation of pyroptosis in SONFH. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combined with methylprednisolone (MPS) was applied for SONFH mouse models, and adenovirus was used to increase or decrease the level of FGF23. Micro-CT and histopathological staining were used to observe the structure of the femoral head, and immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the vascular density. The cells were further cultured in vitro and placed in a hypoxic environment for 12h to simulate the microenvironment of vascular injury during SONFH. The effect of FGF23 on osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining and expression of bone formation-related proteins. Matrigel tube formation assay in vitro and immunofluorescence were used to detect the ability of FGF23 to affect endothelial cell angiogenesis. Steroids activated the pyroptosis signaling pathway, promoted the secretion of inflammatory factors in SONFH models, led to vascular endothelial dysfunction and damaged the femoral head structure. In addition, FGF23 inhibited the HUVECs angiogenesis and BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. FGF23 silencing attenuated steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting the pyroptosis signaling pathway, and promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and angiogenesis of HUVECs in vitro.
Perfusion changes in hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding liver parenchyma based on perfusion CT imaging
Authors: Li Shanmei , Ji Guanghai , Gao Zhiling , Jia Jing , Chen Yong
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The aim of this study was to use computed tomography perfusion imaging (CTPI) to compare and analyze the differences in perfusion parameters between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and surrounding tumor tissue before and after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) to diagnose HCC and evaluate its curative effect.
Methods
Twenty-one HCC patients were examined by CTPI before and four weeks after TACE. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in the tumor (T1), peritumoral-1 cm (T2), peritumoral-2 cm (T3), and background liver parenchymal (T4) areas before TACE and in the residual tumor (T1a)/lipiodol-retaining (T1b) areas after TACE. The perfusion parameters included hepatic arterial perfusion (HAP), portal venous perfusion (PVP), total liver perfusion (TLP), the hepatic perfusion index (HPI), and the time to peak (TTP).
Results
A total of 32 lesions were detected, 11 lesions contained residual lesions, and 21 patients had good lipiodol deposition after TACE. The HAP and HPI signals demonstrated a decreasing trend (T1/T1a > T2 > T3 > T4), whereas the PVP and TLP signals showed an increasing trend (T1/T1a < T2 < T3 < T4) in the preoperative and postoperative residual groups, except for HAP and TLP in the T2 vs. T3, or HAP, HPI and TTP inT3 vs. T4 in postoperative residual, the remaining parameters are statistically significant. (p < 0.05). No blood perfusion was detected at T1b in the postoperative lipiodol-retaining group, and both the HAP and HPI signals reached their highest levels at T2, whereas the PVP, TLP, and TTP signals were highest at T4. The parameters of the T4 group were significantly different from those of the T2 and T3 groups (p < 0.05). Compared with those in the preoperative and residual groups, in the postoperative lipiodol group, the HAP and HPI were significantly lower, the PVP was significantly greater in T2 and T3, and TLP were significantly greater in T2 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
CTPI can be used to evaluate the blood flow of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and surrounding areas before and after treatment. After TACE, the difference in perfusion in each area of the residual tumor group exhibited little change, while the difference in blood flow between the tumor and its surrounding area with dense lipiodol deposition greatly changed, which decreased the difference in perfusion between the tumor and the adjacent area. These findings provide reference data for the selection of treatment methods and postoperative evaluation.
LINC00885 promotes development of lung adenocarcinoma through AKT/mTOR/P70 signaling LINC00885 may regulate migration, proliferation, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma through the mTOR pathway
Authors: Liang Zhu , Wan Wang , Su Wenmei , Dai Baizhen , Wang KangXian , Lin Guanzhou , Deng Biao , Wang Xuefeng , Zeng Guoxiong , Mao Qiyang , Zhang Rongjing , Wu Yanxia
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Previous studies have demonstrated the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).
Methods
Results
RNA sequencing analysis identified high LINC00885 expression levels in LUAD, especially in the middle and advanced stages. Our functional experiments showed that knocking down expression of LINC00885 using small interfering RNAs inhibited the growth, migration, invasion, and autophagy of LUAD cells, blocked cell cycle progression, and promoted apoptosis. LINC00885 knockdown also reduced protein expression levels of p21, MET, p-mTOR, and p-P70, suggesting that LINC00885 may regulate the growth and metastasis of LUAD through these signaling pathways. Further experiments revealed that an mTOR activator rescued inhibited cell growth, invasion, and migration following LINC00885 knockdown.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrate that LINC00885 may promote LUAD by regulating p21, MET, and mTOR/P70 signal transduction. They also suggest that LINC00885 may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in LUAD.
Intrinsic single-layer multiferroics in transition-metal-decorated chromium trihalides
Authors: Sun Jiatao , Liu Meng , He Shuyi , Ji Hongyan , Guo Jingda , Jiang Zhaotan , Gao Hong-Jun
Published: February 2024

Two-dimensional materials possessing intrinsic multiferroic properties have long been sought to harnessing the magnetoelectric coupling in nanoelectronic devices. Here, we report the achievement of robust type Ⅰ multiferroic order in single-layer chromium trihalides by decorating transition metal atoms. The out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization exhibits strong atomic selectivity, where 12 of 84 single-layer transition metal-based multiferroic materials possess out-of-plane ferroelectric or antiferroelectric polarization. Group theory reveals that this phenomenon is strongly dependent on p-d coupling and crystal field splitting. Cu decoration enhances the intrinsic ferromagnetism of trihalides and increases the ferromagnetic transition temperature. The magnetoelectric coupling in this system is studied by calculating the electric polarization of different ferroelectric structures (antiferroelectric and ferroelectric). Moreover, both ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases are obtained, providing opportunities for electrical control of magnetism and energy storage and conversion applications. Furthermore, the transport properties of Cu(CrBr3)2 devices are calculated based on the nonequilibrium Green's function, and the results demonstrate outstanding spin filtering properties and a low-bias negative differential resistance effect for low power consumption. Our findings not only increase the understanding of two-dimensional multiferroic materials and demonstrate out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization but also reveal the mechanism of the emerging ferroelectricity and enhanced ferromagnetism, with promising applications in nanosized electronic and spintronic devices.
Effect of dexmedetomidine infusion on the analgesic duration of peripheral nerve blocks in dogs: a randomized clinical study
Authors: Franco Chiara , Batisti Elena , Boysen Søren , Patroncini Stefano , Alessandroni Emanuele , Briganti Angela
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of dexmedetomidine could prolong the analgesic effect of peripheral nerve blocks. Twenty client-owned dogs were enrolled and randomly divided into 2 groups. The DEX group received dexmedetomidine infusion at 1 mcg kg-1 h-1, and the NaCl group received an equivalent volume infusion of saline. Sciatic, saphenous and obturator nerve blocks were performed using 0.1 mL kg-1 0.5% ropivacaine/block. Intraoperative fentanyl was administered if the heart rate and/or mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased >15% from the previous measurement, and vasopressors were administered if the MAP was ≤ 70 mmHg. Postoperative pain was assessed every hour using the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (GCPS). Postoperative rescue analgesia consisted of methadone (0.2 mg kg-1 IV) and carprofen (2 mg kg-1 IV). A greater number of dogs in the NaCl group required fentanyl (5/10 p= 0.03) and vasopressors (8/10, p=0.02) than did those in the DEX group (0/10 and 2/10, respectively). The duration of postoperative analgesia was significantly longer (604 ± 130 minutes) in the DEX group than in the NaCl group (400 ± 81 minutes, p=0.0005).
Dexmedetomidine infusion at 1 mcg kg-1 h-1 reduces intraoperative analgesic and vasopressor requirements during orthopedic surgery and prolongs the postoperative analgesic effect of nerve blocks.
Experimental Insights to Stability of Graphene Oxide Polymer Hybrid: Effect of Salinity, Temperature and Divalent Ions Coupled with ANOVA Statistical Analysis
Authors: Iravani Mostafa , Simjoo Mohammad , Chahardowli Mohammad , Moghaddam Amir Rezvani
Published: February 2024

The synergistic potential of using graphene oxide (GO) and polymer as GO enhanced polymer (GOeP) hybrid for enhancing oil recovery (EOR) purposes has drawn attention. However, the hybridization method and stability of GOeP have not been comprehensively studied. To cover the gap, current study evaluates the stability of GOeP under different conditions, including temperature (60 and 80°C), salinity (sea water and its 0.1 dilution), and presence of Mg2+ ions (6430 and 643 ppm). Hence, GO was synthesized and characterized through XRD, Raman, FTIR, and DLS techniques. The performance of five preparation methods was assessed to determine their ability to produce stable hybrids. Zeta potential and sedimentation methods, coupled with ANOVA statistical technique, were used for measuring and interpreting stability for 21 days. Results revealed that the stability of GOeP in the presence of brine is influenced by hydrolyzation duration, the composition of the water used in polymer hydrolyzation, the form of additives (being powdery or in aqueous solution), and the dispersion quality, including whether the GO solution was prediluted. Results revealed that the positive impact of higher temperatures on long-term stability of the GOeP is approximately seven times lower than stability reduction caused by salinity. In conditions of elevated salinity, a higher Mg2+ concentration was observed to induce an 80% decrease in long-term stability, while the impact of temperature remained negligible. These findings highlight the importance of salinity and the role of Mg2+ in influencing the stability dynamics of the GOeP solution, with potential use for EOR purposes.
Serum EpCAM or PECAM levels and risk of ischemic stroke: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Gao Yikun , Li Yilin , Li Yina , Wang Jin , Cai Qiang , Gu Lijuan
Published: February 2024

Background and purpose
Elevated serum Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) or Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) are associated with ischemic stroke (IS), but the causality remains unclear. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to examine the causal effect of serum EpCAM or PECAM levels on the risk of IS subtypes.
Methods
Seven independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to serum EpCAM levels were identified as instrumental variables (IVs) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 1,323 European subjects. 46 independent SNPs related to serum PECAM levels were identified as IVs from a GWAS of 21,758 European subjects. GWAS for IS subtypes included 410,484 (large artery stroke), 198,048 (small vessel stroke) and 413,304 (cardioembolic stroke) European individuals, respectively. All GWAS were obtained from the ieu open GWAS project. Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method, weighted median, MR–Egger, and maximum likelihood methods.
Results
No significant causal association was observed for EpCAM levels with any of three IS subtypes. Main IVW MR analysis indicated that serum PECAM levels were negatively related to the incidence of large artery stroke (LAS) and small vessel stroke (SVS) but not to cardioembolic stroke (CES). However, MR Egger method indicated a significant negative correlation between PECAM levels and CES risk. Sensitivity analyses showed the SNPs of PECAM exhibited pronounced horizontal pleiotropy in the CES GWAS. Therefore, serum PECAM levels are negatively correlated with CES risk significantly. In addition, no heterogeneity or outliers were found by MR-Egger and IVW in Cochran’s Q statistic. Finally, Leave-one-out analysis showed that no individual SNP substantially drove the causal association of serum PECAM levels on risk of IS subtypes.
Conclusions
High serum EpCAM levels show no clear causal relationship with the risk of LAS, SVS, and CES. But high serum PECAM levels were causally associated with decreased risks of LAS, SVS and CES.
Gender-specific association of different obesity-related indexes with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly in Anhui province, China
Authors: Yao Lili , Huang Qian , Zhang Xinyi , Cheng Jing , Zhang Yan , Zhang Dongmei , Wang Li , Chen Guimei
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Hip circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHtR) and abdominal girth index (AGI) were established as obesity-related indexes. This study aimed to find the risk of these indicators on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and control them as early as possible to reduce diabetes incidence or slow its deterioration.
Methods
A total of 1191 participants were enrolled from different cities in AnHui province, China. We used t-test to detect differences of obesity indicators between sexes. We performed logistic regression analyses for all subjects stratified by gender. The ROC curve was used to analyze the preventive values of different obesity-related indexes.
Results
The results of the logistic analysis showed that four indicators (AC, BMI, WHR, and WHtR) have statistical significance on the impact of T2DM in females (P < 0.05), all six indicators have statistically significant effects on T2DM in males (P < 0.05). The ROC curve showed the indexes with preventive values for women were HC, AC, BMI, WHR, and WHtR. All the indexes with preventive values for men.
Conclusion
Sensitivity to control effects of obesity-related indicators was higher in males than females. We suggest that man should pay more attention to their obesity.