bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propiverine Hydrochloride as a Treatment for Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Irei Yasue , Takano Shota , Yamada Kazutaka
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Propiverine hydrochloride (PH) is widely used for the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) due to bladder overactivity. Moreover, the comorbidity of UI with fecal incontinence (FI) is known to be due to the relationship of both to nervous system disorders and dysfunction or weakening of the pelvic floor muscles. The aim of this single-arm prospective study was to evaluate the therapeutic value of PH for FI.Methods: Patients (n = 24) who were diagnosed as having both FI and UI from April 2015 to November 2016 were included in the study and administered a dosage of 10–20 mg PH every day for 1 month. The primary endpoint was to create a reduction in the frequency of FI per week. An evaluation criterion of ≥50% reduction in frequency was determined as effective. The percentage of the patients who achieved the ≥50% endpoint (responders) was also calculated.Results: The frequency of FI per week was 6.0 ± 8.2 (0.25–30) at baseline and reduced to 1.6 ± 2.1 (0–7) at the posttherapeutic state (P = 0.005). A reduction of ≥50% was seen in 14 of the patients (58.3%).Conclusion: PH reduced the frequency of FI in patients with both FI and UI. This study introduces a possible therapeutic option for the pharmacological treatment of FI.
Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery: Endoscopy Assisted Treatment of Colorectal Anastomotic Stenosis
Authors: D'Ambrosio Giancarlo , Lamazza Antonietta , Palma Rossella , Picchetto Andrea , Panetta Cristina , Trecca Antonello , Pontone Stefano , Lezoche Emanuele
Published: March 2020

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is a type of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, developed for rectal tumors and used also to treat other rectal diseases. Anastomotic complications after colorectal surgery, including stenosis, represent a challenging problem. We present the case of a 36-year-old woman with a diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease that was submitted to a modified Duhamel operation. A postoperative barium enema showed a complete stricture of the anastomosis that was impossible to resolve by flexible endoscopic approach. Then an intraoperative endoscopic approach to facilitate the localization of preanastomotic colon (proximal colon from the anastomosis) was performed by a small colotomy and the colonic recanalization was obtained by the creation of a neo-anastomosis by TEM, under fluoroscopic-endoscopic control. The patient underwent a control barium enema showing regular retrograde transit of contrast medium without evidence of stenosis. In our experience, transanal approach by TEM-colonoscopy assisted is safe and feasible and represents a model of combined minimally invasive technique.
Comparison of 3-Dimensional Pelvic Floor Ultrasonography and Defecography for Assessment of Posterior Pelvic Floor Disorders
Authors: Jeong Hong Yoon , Yang Shi-Jun , Cho Dong Ho , Park Duk Hoon , Lee Jong Kyun
Published: March 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of 3-dimensional (3D) pelvic floor ultrasonography and compare it with defecography in assessment of posterior pelvic disorders.Methods: Eligible patients were consecutive women undergoing 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography at one hospital between August 2017 and February 2019. All 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography was performed by one examiner. A total of 167 patients with suspected posterior pelvic disorder was retrospectively enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the main symptoms.Results: There were 82 rectoceles on defecography (55 barium trapping) and 84 on 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography. Each modality identified 6 enteroceles. There were 43 patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia on defecography and 41 on ultrasonography. There were 84 patients with intussusception on defecography and 41 on 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography. Agreement of the 2 diagnostic tests was confirmed using Cohen’s kappa value. Rectocele (kappa, 0.784) and enterocele (kappa, 0.654) both indicated good agreement between defecography and 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography. In addition, pelvic floor dyssynergia (kappa, 0.406) showed moderate agreement, while internal intussusception (kappa, 0.296) had fair agreement.Conclusion: This study showed good agreement for detection of posterior pelvic disorders between defecography and 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography.
The Long-term Effect of Standardized Anal Dilatation for Chronic Anal Fissure on Anal Continence
Authors: Pinsk Ilia , Czeiger David , Lichtman Daria , Reshef Avraham
Published: March 2020

Purpose: For the past several decades, internal anal sphincterotomy has generally been considered to be the standard operation for an anal fissure. However, wound complications inherent in this operation forced surgeons to look for an alternative form of treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of anal dilatation for chronic anal fissure, especially possible negative impact on anal sphincter function.Methods: The study was approved by the local Institutional Review Board and given a waiver of written consent. A phone call survey was undertaken among a group of consecutive patients who had an anal dilatation by standardized technique for chronic anal fissure for the period between 2000 and 2016. The survey included medical, obstetrical and surgical-related data, Wexner fecal incontinence score, recurrence of the anal fissure, and the need for additional medical intervention. Five hundred 48 patients were identified after limitations of age, concomitant pathology, and procedures that were applied to the hospital computerized database. Eighty-five patients (group A) agreed to participate in the survey and 463 patients did not.Results: There were no differences between groups in demographic information and medical records data; therefore, group A may well represent a satisfactory sample of the whole group. The interval between the procedure and the survey was 6.8 ± 2.7 years. The Wexner incontinence score was 0 in 94% of patients.Conclusion: Anal dilatation, performed in a systematic and standardized way, has a successful outcome with no complications and has no clear long-term negative impact on anal sphincter function.
Impact of Intangible Characteristics of Universities on Student Satisfaction
Authors: Sabbah Khan Noor Us , Yildiz Yunus
Published: March 2020

The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of the intangible qualities of the universities on student satisfaction. To do this, we have collected data from 7 different major public and private universities of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. We have used 170 data to proposed further analysis. The partial least square method (PLS) was used to test the hypothesis. The results reveal that career opportunities and a friendly atmosphere are the main two elements that foster the reputation of the universities. The second interesting result of this research is that social activities impact the reputation of universities but not the friendly atmosphere while social activities impact a friendly atmosphere but not the reputation significantly. Finally, we have suggested the implications to the practitioners in the region.
Cultural approach to the formation of professional competences of the specialist in the realities of modern education
Authors: Aryabkina Irina , Donina Olga , Chernykh Anatoliy , Abdurazakova Diana , Chernova Yulia , Neverov Alexandr , Kordon Tamara
Published: March 2020

The problem of a cultural approach realization to the specialist professional competences formation in the realities of the modern education is discussed in the article.The present realities which are characterized by the request of the society for a “new type specialist” give new requirements for education. Modern education can be supposed effective only when it, by forming the professional competences which are necessary for human life, will be comprehended from a cultural point of view as a person’s entry into culture. The article reveals the key competences which are necessary for any specialist in the present day realities, thanks to which his socialization and self-realization processes will proceed successfully. The historical background and universal conceptual ideas of the culturological approach realization to the specialist professional competences formation in the realities of the modern education without paying attention to the direction and profile of the specialist training are discovered in the article.The aim of the research is to characterize the essential ideas and opportunities for the cultural approach realization to the specialist professional competences formation in the realities of the modern education. Our research methodology was based on the application of the theoretical and practical methods complex, including such methods as the special cultural, philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and scientific-methodical literature extensive study on the stated problem, as well as educational and methodical documentation study of educational organizations based on analysis, synthesis, theoretical modeling; professional students development observation and analysis (with the help of questionnaires and tests made by the authors of this article). As the research result we made a conclusion that the specialist professional formation in the realities of the modern education goes simultaneously with the process of his humanitarian and personal development. Personal qualities (attitudes, motives, intelligence, emotional and volitional sphere of a person) determine the quality of his professional competences formation. The educational organization task is to create the favourable conditions for the student “entry” into the culture, it means to form a creative, culturologically filled educational environment for making an inimitable and unique professional and personal development of the modern specialist pathway in each case as the Culture Creator.
PHYSICAL DISORDERS AFTER HYSTERECTOMY DEPEND ON MRS AND SERUM ESTRADIOL LEVELS
Authors: Le Lam Huong
Published: March 2020

Objectives: To study the relationship between serum estradiol and physical disorders after hysterectomy.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study on 151 women after total hysterectomy from 12/2008 to 11/2010 at Hue Cental Hospial.
Results: Serious disorders in total hysterectomy group include: physical disorders (34.78%), maternal disorders (71.74%), sexual disorders (58.70%). There were significant differences these disorders between total hysterectomy group and hysterectomy with/without accessiory remove group, as well as menopause group.
Conclusion: Serum estradiol levels was inversely correlated with physical disorders, martenal disorders, sexual disorders and other disorders.

Key words: hysterectomy, serum estradiol
METABOLIC SYNDROME IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Hoang Vinh Phu , Vo Tam , Le Van Tien , Vo Thi Hoai Huong
Published: March 2020

Objective: To review disorders elements of the metabolic syndrome in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure on dialysis cycle.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional descriptive study of 85 patients including end-stage chronic renal failure in dialysis cycle from 5/2015 - 9/2016 at the Department of Artificial Kidney, Hue Central Hospital.
Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in dialysis patients was 37.65%. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 30.6%; The prevalence of hypertension was 72.9%, the average value systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 142.24 ± 27.53, 80.35 ± 12.48 mmHg; The prevalence of hyperglycemia was 28%, the average value blood glucose was 4.9 ± 1.19 mmol/l; The prevalence of triglyceride increase was 34.1%, the average value triglyceride was 1.59 ± 0.84 mmol/l. The prevalence of HDL-C increase was 47.1%, the average value HDL-C was 1.24 ± 0.33 mmol/l.
Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in dialysis patients is very high, in which hypertension and HDL disturbances are the highest.

Key words: chronic renal failure, dialysis, metabolic syndrome
SEX RATIO AT BIRTH AND FACTORS AFFECTING SON PREFERENCE OF COUPLES IN HIEP DUC DISTRICT, QUANG NAM PROVINCE, 2014
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Lan , Phan Dinh Nhan
Published: March 2020

Objective: To define sex ratio at birth and to identify factors affecting son preference of couples at study area.
Material and Method: This was a cross sectional study. Primary data was collected by directly interviewing 620 mothers who have baby from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 on the basis of a structured questionnaire. Secondary data was received from documents recording number of babies who were born and still live in the study setting during the study time. Multiple logistic regression model was used to identify factors influencing son preference of the couples.
Results: The sex ratio at birth in Hiep Duc district was 113.3/100. Factors affecting son preference of the couple were residence place (OR=2.91; 95% CI: 1.137.52); economic situation of household (OR=2.64; 95% CI: 1.23-5.66) and community pressure (OR=2.18; 95% CI: 1.15-4.12).
Conclusion: There is the imbalance of sex ratio at birth in Hiep Duc district in 2014. It should be strengthened the propaganda and advocacy in the community to raise the awareness on gender equality and integrate this content into the local socio-economic development plan.

Key words: sex ratio at birth, the imbalance of sex ration at birth, Quang Nam
SERUM PROCALCITONIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE (ESRD)
Authors: Ngo Thi Khanh Trang , Hoang Bui Bao
Published: March 2020

Background: Although procalcitonin (PCT) has been described as a new marker of inflammation in dialysis patients, it has not been studied in patients with end-stage renal disease (ERSD) in Viet Nam. The objective of this study was to evaluate: serum PCT levels in patients with ERSD and its association to other inflammation (hs-CRP, IL-6) and nutritional (albumin, prealbumin, BMI) factors and the cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, urgence hypertension) after 1-year follow-up.
Subjects and methods: A total of 174 patients without infection (include: 57 predialysis patients, 56 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients, 61 hemodialysis patients) were enrolled. Inflammatory markers (PCT, hs-CRP, IL-6) and nutritional parameters (albumin, prealbumin, BMI) were determined. CVD events (heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, urgence hypertension) were evaluated during 12 months of follow-up. Results: The median baseline serum PCT levels of them were 0.44 ng/ml (0.23 – 0.98). Of them, 79 patients (45.4%) had baseline serum PCT levels of over 0.5 ng/ml, which is the cut-off point suggestive of sepsis in non-dialytic individuals. Hemodialysis patients was associated with significantly higher PCT values than predialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. The patients with elevated PCT plasma levels had the BMI lower. PCT and IL-6 were positively correlated with each other. Compared to patients with serum PCT levels of under 0.5 ng/ml, patients with serum PCT levels of over 0.5 ng/ml had an increased CVD risk in 12 months of follow-up (HR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.31-3.33; p=0.002). Conclusion: In the absence of infection, PCT may increase due to reduced renal elimination and increased synthesis. Furthermore, serum PCT could serve as a marker of low-grade inflammation, which substantially increase CVD events risk in patients with ERSD.

Keywords: Procalcitonin, end-stage renal disease
A MODEL FOR IMPROVING SOFT SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN EFFECTIVE EMPLOYMENT
Authors: Soklevski Toni , Stefanovska Lidija
Published: March 2020

The main objective of the model is to strengthen and improve soft and problem solving skills of teachers and students in vocational and technical secondary schools. The model allows employers to recruit future workers to be ready for work, while reducing recruitment and training costs.The model is actually a cooperative - competitive simulation set up in a virtual business environment consisting of multiple team challenges. At the beginning of simulation the participants set up their own virtual companies. The success of the virtual company in each challenge brings in adequate revenue that it needs to reinvest in future challenges, but also to use it to further improve its employees (training), increase the value of the company (fixed assets), reimburse its employees (salaries), promotion of the company in the virtual market (investing in the brand) and consulting in the planning or execution of the challenges.The expected benefits of this interactive business simulation aremultiple. On one hand, this is an opportunity for students who have no business experience to transfer their knowledge into real situations through planning, organizing, negotiating, persuading and teamwork.Business Academy Smilevski has been perfecting this model with its students for ten years, and has adapted this model to the needs of vocational schools for several years and successfully implemented it with the support of the Ministry of Education and the World Bank.
THE IMPACT OF BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ON MONETARY POLICY
Authors: Korunoska Vesna , Mitrovic Biljana , Trpeski Pavle
Published: March 2020

The paper monitors the balance of payments in the Republic of N. Macedonia, which determines the amount of the exchange rate through the supply and demand of foreign currency, as well as the impact of the exchange rate on the balance of payments movements. Real exchange rates are essentially equilibrium exchange rates. exchange rate that will keep the balance of payments in balance without taking measures for foreign exchange control, without pronounced inflation and deflationary tendencies and without constant expectation of monetary and foreign exchange reserves.There are several methods by which balance of payments can be established: by devaluation, by currency control and by deflation. When considering the relationship between the national currency exchange rate and the balance of payments of a national economy in terms of their interconnections, one should depart from their causal link of impacts. The exchange rate affects the balance of payments, as well as the balance of payments affects the exchange rate.The first part of the paper elaborates in detail the key activities of the balance of payments adjustment and the exchange rate adjustment, as well as their mutual impact.We use the adjustment mechanism to restore balance once the initial equilibrium has been disturbed. The payment adjustment process takes two different forms. One, under certain conditions, has adjustment factors that automatically contribute to balancing. Second, in the event that automatic adjustment fails to strike a balance, the government adopts a discretionary policy to achieve this goal.
POPULATION AND WATER AS DEVELOPMENT FACTORS: THE ISRAELI AND MACEDONIAN CASE
Authors: Galeva Jordanka
Published: March 2020

The State of Israel is located in Middle East (Western Asia) on the southeastern coastline of the Mediterranean Sea and northern shore of Red Sea, with total area of 21,640 sq km². The landscape is mixture of coastal lowland, central hillside area, Jordan Valley and Negev Desert, which occupies one-half of the total land. Taking into account the population (which at the moment of the creation of the Israeli state is 806,000 habitants), as well as, the large area of desert land, the Israelis faced two challenges: to increase the population (with aim to increase labor force and territorial settlement) and find a sustainable method to use and recycle water (as a key element for agricultural development). To accomplish the first goal, on July 5, 1950, the Israeli Assembly approved the Law of Return, which gives Jews the right to come and live in Israel, while for realization of the second goal, the largest contribution comes from the innovations of agricultural communities, known as kibbutz. The first part of the paper identifies Israel's immigration policies and Kibbutz water innovations that contributed to the development of the state. In order to find out whether population and water are factors for development in the Macedonian reality, the second part of the paper presents the situation of the population and the phenomenon of emigration, as well as the real state of the water resource and its use in agriculture. The research has demonstrated a completely different situation in the Macedonian case. While Israel is pursuing a liberal immigration policy to unite all Jews in its country, the Macedonian state faces constant emigration of its citizens to other countries. Low salaries and lack of a concrete strategy to motivate young people to stay in their country are the cause of increased emigration. Regarding the second factor, although there are good conditions for development of agriculture (such as climate, fertile soil and water) this sector is not a leader in contributing to the economy of the country and the state is ranked between the first countries to irrational use of water. The purpose of this paper is to examine how population factor and water factor-related to innovations and their use in the agricultural sector, have contributed to the development of the Israeli economy and whether Israeli experience can be applied to macedonian case.
PERAN PENYULUH PERTANIAN DALAM PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA TOMAT (Lycopersicun esculentum L.) DI DESA LOLENG KECAMATAN KOTA BANGUN KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA (The Role of Agricultural Extension in the Application of Cultivation Technology of Tomato (Lycopersicun esculentum L.) in Loleng Village Kota Bangun Subdistrict Kutai Kartanegara District)
Authors: WIDURI NIKE , EFFENDI MIDIANSYAH , HERSON HERSON
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to know the role of agricultural extension in the development of tomato cultivation, the application level of tomato cultivation technology, and the relationship between the role of agricultural extension.  The sampling method in this study was stratified random sampling. The data were analyzed by using Rank Spearman. The results showed that the role of agricultural extension in the technology of tomato cultivation was very important position with an average score of 39.16, the level of application of tomato cultivation technology was in a high position with an average score of 45.47, there is a close relationship between the role of agricultural extension with the application level of tomato cultivation technology.
POTENSI DAN PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN PRODUKSI JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) DI KOTA SAMARINDA (Potency and Prospect of Corn Production Development (Zea mays L.) in Samarinda City)
Authors: SALELUA SEBASTIAN ALLESANDRO , MARYAM SYARIFAH
Published: March 2020

The development of corn production is an aspect in agricultural development. The research was done to know potency and prospect of corn production in Samarinda City. The research was conducted from October to December 2017.  This research used time series data during 9 years from 2006 to 2014 by using simple linear regression to know potency and prospek of corn production in future. The result of research shows corn production in Samarinda City in 2006-2014 decreased. Corn production in Samarinda City is less developed, futhermore the corn farming should be managed by intensification program.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI BIAYA USAHATANI PADI SAWAH (Oryza sativa L.) DI DESA BUKIT RAYA KECAMATAN TENGGARONG SEBERANG	KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA	(Analysis of Cost Efficiency of Wetland Paddy Farming (Oryza sativa L.) in Bukit Raya Village Tenggarong Seberang Subdistrict Kutai Kartanegara District)
Authors: TIYAS NIKE LAWUNING , IMANG NDAN , SURIAATMAJA MUHAMMAD ERWAN
Published: March 2020

Farming activities must take into account the costs incurred for the production factors used. This needs to be considered by farmers in order to be able to use the inputs cost of production efficiently in managing their farming. The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of production costs in the form of planting area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and laborers on revenue of wetland paddy farming and to find out the cost efficiency of wetland paddy farming in Bukit Raya Village, Tenggarong Subdistrict, Kutai Kartanegara District. This research was conducted from April to July 2018. Samples were taken by using the propotionate stratified random sampling method with a total sample of 41 respondents. The analysis technique used  the production function of Stochastic Frontier SFA to determine the effect of production costs in the form of planting area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and laborers on revenue of wetland paddy farming and to find out the cost efficiency of wetland paddy farming. The cost of production factors has a significant effect on revenue of wetland paddy farming. The cost of seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides have no effect. Analysis of the cost efficiency of wetland paddy farming showed that farming did not efficient with an average efficiency level of 1.46 because farmers did not manage inputs cost efficiently.
SIKAP PETANI DALAM MENERIMA MATERI DAN MEDIA PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI KELURAHAN SENGKOTEK KECAMATAN LOA JANAN ILIR KOTA SAMARINDA (Farmers Attitude in Accepting the Materials and Medias of Agricultural Extension in Sengkotek Urban Village Loa Janan Ilir Subcity Samarinda City)
Authors: SAPUTRA AMANDEKA , WIJAYANTI TETTY , JANNAH RABIATUL
Published: March 2020

Materials and medias of extension are very important in the activities of agricultural extension. The purposes of this research were to know the attitude of farmers in accepting the extension materials and the attitude of farmers in accepting the extension medias.  This research was conducted from May to July 2017 in Sengkotek Urban Village, Loa Janan Ilir Subcity, Samarinda City. Total respondents as many as 32 respondents were determined by proportionate random sampling. The attitude of farmers in accepting the materials and medias of extension was measured by Likert scale. The results show the attitude of farmers to the extension materials is including the category of accept with an average score was 54.78. The attitude of farmers to extension medias is categorized to accept with an average score was 53.66. This can be seen from the attitude of farmers who accept with well language and easily to understand counselors who use the language and the material which presented in the extension activities in accordance with the needs of farmers. In addition, the materials presented in the extension activities already use appropriate medias such as print media (books, brochures, leaflets, and handouts) and audio-visual medias (radio, LCD, and television).
PENDEKATAN STRATEGIS ADAPTIF BERBASIS SJSN (BPJS) DALAM UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK PENSIUN NASIONAL
Authors: M.Manan Yuliyanti
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

The Capital Market Industry and Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFIs) provide alternative means of investment and financial planning for the public. Funds collected in the capital market and the non-bank financial industry (IKNB) and the movement of funds through the financial markets, including capital markets and non-bank financial institutions, are the main keys to the movement of a country's economy. The ranking of penetration results from the World Bank in 6 Asian countries Indonesia ranks 6th, in order to increase penetration, an adaptive approach based on the National Social Security System (BPJS) is needed, in this case placing the role of the National Health Insurance as a center for developing a national pension program with the strategy of integrating the health benefits of Social Security Health Insurance. and pension services (BPJS-K & P). The purpose of this research is to analyze and study innovation solutions to the development and derivation platform of pension products based on the BPJS program. This study uses a descriptive analytical research design and an actuarial approach to research and develop BPJS-based pension services programs.

Keywords: Adaptive Strategy, SJSN, BPJS, Pension Services.

 

ABSTRAK

Industri Pasar Modal dan Lembaga Keuangan Non-Bank (LKNB) menyediakan sarana investasi alternatif dan perencanaan keuangan untuk publik. Dana yang dikumpulkan di pasar modal dan industri keuangan non-bank (IKNB) dan pergerakan dana melalui pasar keuangan, termasuk pasar modal dan lembaga keuangan non-bank, adalah kunci utama pergerakan ekonomi suatu negara. Pemeringkatan hasil penetrasi dari Bank Dunia di 6 negara Asia Indonesia menempati urutan keenam, untuk meningkatkan penetrasi, diperlukan pendekatan adaptif berdasarkan Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional (BPJS), dalam hal ini menempatkan peran Asuransi Kesehatan Nasional. sebagai pusat pengembangan program pensiun nasional dengan strategi mengintegrasikan manfaat kesehatan dari Jaminan Kesehatan Jaminan Sosial. dan layanan pensiun (BPJS-K & P). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mempelajari solusi inovasi untuk platform pengembangan dan derivasi produk pensiun berdasarkan program BPJS. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik deskriptif dan pendekatan aktuaria untuk meneliti dan mengembangkan program layanan pensiun berbasis BPJS.

Kata kunci: Strategi Adaptif, SJSN, BPJS, Layanan Pensiun.
Registration of rock blocks movements using dendrogeomorphic methods: new methodical approach in a case of localities in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts.
Authors: Šilhán Karel , Pánek Tomáš
Published: March 2020

This study proposes a new systematic procedure for the dendrochronologic dating of the movement (esp. lateral spreading, backward rotation and toppling) of large boulders with precision to seasons. The methodology is based on the dendrogeomorphic analysis of trees which have been deformed by tilting blocks. Based on the research carried out in four localities within the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts, we have identified 22 event years revealing deformations caused by blocks. The interaction between tree stems and tilting blocks is represented by various macroscopic changes as well as growth disturbances within tree-ring series. These most frequently involve tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts and abrupt growth suppression/release. An analysis of meteorological characteristics identifies potential triggers of movements featuring especially summer heavy rainfalls.
Efectos de la cantidad de competidores sobre diferentes medidas de consumo en ratas
Authors: Alfaro Luis , Cabrera Rosalva
Published: March 2020

En el presente estudio se evaluó el efecto de facilitación “social” e interferencia “social” en una situación de consumo de alimento con grupos de ratas, de 2 a 8 miembros. Las medidas analizadas fueron el diferencial de peso, el tiempo de consumo y la tasa de consumo. A los datos de cada medida se ajustó una función de poder y una función lineal. El mejor ajuste a los datos fue determinado a partir del nivel de varianza explicada (R2). Se apreció que para el diferencial de peso y el tiempo de consumo la función de poder tuvo una varianza explicada mayor. Sin embargo, para la tasa de consumo la función que mejor describió la tendencia de los datos fue la lineal. Adicionalmente, al analizar la tendencia de esta última medida se determinaron las magnitudes de los efectos de facilitación e interferencia, complementando la información obtenida a partir de otras medidas. Por último, los resultados obtenidos fueron coincidentes a los reportados de Castro & Brewer (1992) en un estudio de alimentación con humanos. El trabajo enfatiza que en situaciones de alimentación colectiva el tipo de medida analizada puede dar lugar a diferentes tendencias de datos y su interpretación debe ser revisada con base en la naturaleza de las mismas.
Output tasks and vocabulary gains
Authors: Holster Trevor , Delint Darcy
Published: March 2020

Folse (2004) argued for the importance of vocabulary instruction and the effectiveness of list learning, while Laufer and Girsai (2008) found mechanical output tasks using contrastive analysis and translation effective for vocabulary learning, following Swain and Lapkin’s (1995) advocacy of pushed output using creative tasks. Vocabulary gains over one semester were compared from a treatment group of 37 learners taught vocabulary using mechanical tasks with a control group of 67 learners assigned creative output tasks in a quasi-experimental design. Rasch measurement was used to provide equated scores from vocabulary pre-tests and post-tests. Both groups showed substantive gains in vocabulary knowledge but the control group showed larger vocabulary gains than the treatment group, contrary to expectations. These results suggest that mechanical tasks alone may not lead to optimal gains in vocabulary knowledge.

Swain and Lapkin (1995)は創造的タスクを使う強制的アウトプットを提唱し、Folse　(2004)は語彙指導の重要性とリスト学習の有効性を主張した。一方、Laufer and Girsai (2008)は対照分析と翻訳を用いる機械的なアウトプットを促すタスクが語彙学習に有効であると指摘した。本論では、1学期間での語彙習得度を準実験的形式で、機械的なタスクを使い語彙指導を受けた37名の実験群と、創造的アウトプットタスクの指導を受けた67名の統制群を比較した。語彙テストの事前・事後のスコアを等価するために、ラッシュ分析を用いた。両グループの事後テストにおいて実質的な語彙習得が認められたが、予測に反して実験群よりも統制群における語彙習得の方が大きいという結果になった。これは、強制的アウトプットが言語習得に効果的な手段とする主張を支持する結果であり、長期的な語彙習得には機械的タスクのみでは不十分であることを示唆する。
Poster presentations speak for themselves
Authors: Tanner Paul , Chapman Jim
Published: March 2020

Poster presentations are a task based activity in which students develop a research topic, ask questions, gather and analyze data, and present it to their peers. This paper provides a chronological explanation of how a poster presentation project was implemented into a university class of English majors over a six-week span. Included are suggestions for organization, pitfalls to avoid, hints at which areas need special emphasis, and recommendations about how to gather useful feedback.

ポスター発表は、学習者が研究テーマを設定し、疑問に思ったことを調べ、データを集めて分析し、それをクラスメートに発表するというタスク中心教授法（TBLT）のアクティビティの1つである。本論では、英語専攻の大学生向け授業における、6週間にわたるポスター発表課題の実践例を時系列に説明する。さらに、構成方法への提言や失敗しないための注意点、特に重点を置くべきこと、役立つフィードバックの集め方についても提案する。
JALT2012 Plenary Speaker article: Technology as an enabler
Authors: Eyles John
Published: March 2020

Interview with John Eyles
jALT2012 Plenary Speaker article: The role of metaphor and metonymy in EFL proficiency
Authors: Littlemore Jeanette
Published: March 2020

I report the findings from a Cambridge ESOL-funded research project (Cambridge ESOL Funded Research Programme Project number 17092010), which investigated how an ability to use metaphor and metonymy contributes to successful performance in the written component of Cambridge ESOL examinations. Learners are significantly more likely to do unusual things with metaphor at the First Certificate level. They do this in response to the very particular requirements of the examination. For these reasons, I argue that, at FCE level, it is important to adapt a tolerant attitude towards uses of language that some may refer to as ‘creative’ but which others might simply describe as ‘wrong’. I also outline the different things that learners need to do with metaphor and metonymy at each level, illustrating my points with short examples taken from essays written by students who have been successful in their examinations.
メタファー（隠喩）とメトニミー（換喩）を使いこなす能力と、Cambridge ESOLのライティング試験における成績との関連性について、Cambridge ESOLが資金提供する調査プロジェクト結果を報告する。First Certificate（FCE）レベルでは、学習者がメタファーを使って独特の表現をする傾向がはっきりと見られるが、この傾向があるのは、かなり特定の試験課題に対してである。したがって、FCEレベルでは、「独創的」あるいは単なる「間違い」と意見が分かれ得る言語使用に対して、寛容な態度を持つことが重要であることを論じる。また、学習者それぞれのレベルに応じたメタファーやメトニミーの様々な扱い方について概説し、試験で好成績を収めている学生の書いたエッセイから短い例を引用して、重要と思われる点を述べる。
One size fits all: Two activities that transcend level and age
Authors: Wharton Chris
Published: March 2020

Finding a successful classroom activity is a blessing for most ESL/EFL teachers; finding one that works across proficiency levels and age groups is a godsend. This paper details two such activities. The first activity uses a simple word game as a gateway to a much deeper process involving vocabulary development, spelling, sentence formation, paragraph cohesion, and creative story telling. The second activity makes use of the students’ first language (L1) and encourages translation from the second language (L2) to the L1, and back again. Although the use of the L1 in the classroom is a contentious issue, it is felt that back translation raises students’ awareness of the possibility of expressing the same meaning in various ways. Both activities were used successfully with very different groups of students: elementary school students, college students, and advanced EFL adult students. English teachers who can find activities like these will find their planning to be more efficient and their classes to be more effective.
効果的なアクティビティを見つけることは、多くのESL/EFL教師にとって重要である。特に習熟度の異なる学習者にも年齢の異なる学習者にも効果的なアクティビティは、大変貴重である。本論では、そのようなアクティビティを2つ紹介する。第1のアクティビティは、簡単な単語ゲームを導入として用いた後、それを語彙の増強、スペリング、文構成、段落の結束性、そして話の創作などを含むさらに高度な過程へと発展させていくものである。第2のアクティビティは生徒の母語を用いるもので、まず第2言語（L2）を母語に訳させ、その後再びL2に訳させるものである。母語のクラス内での使用は異論もあるが、再翻訳により、生徒は同じ意味を様々な方法で表現できることに気がつく。両方のアクティビティが、小学生のグループ、大学生のグループ、そして上級のEFL成人クラスのグループなど、非常に異なる様々な集団で有効であった。このようなアクティビティは、授業計画の効率化と授業の有効性を高めるものと思われる。
Changing Views on Motivation in a Globalizing World
Authors: Wadell Elizabeth , Shandor April
Published: March 2020

Traditionally, language learning motivation was conceived as being either “instrumental” or “integrative,” but recent research suggests that in today’s globalizing world this distinction no longer holds for many learners of English. Over the past ten years, there has been a shift away from the view of English learning as a way to integrate into American/British/Australian culture. Many scholars are now exploring the ways in which EFL learners develop international identities while simultaneously retaining their own cultures. The authors of the current article—English language teachers and graduate students—discuss how their research on new concepts in motivation led them to engage with their colleagues on the issue, and ultimately, to change their own teaching.

伝統的に、言語学習の動機づけには道具的動機づけと統合的動機づけがあると考えられてきたが、最近の研究では今日のグローバル社会において、多くの英語学習者には、この区別はないと言われている。この10年で、「英語学習はアメリカ、イギリス、オーストラリア等の文化への統合方法である」という従来の見方は変化してきた。現在、多くの研究者は、英語学習者が、いかに自分自身の文化を保持しつつ国際的アイデンティティを発展させるかを研究している。本論では、英語教師で大学院生でもある研究者たちが、独自の研究により動機づけの新概念に関する問題を提示し、どのように自身の英語教授法を変えたのかを論じる。
Provenance of Medieval atlantes in the Ribe Cathedral, Denmark, based on geological and palaeontological investigations
Authors: Nyborg Ebbe , Surlyk Finn , Thibault Nicolas
Published: March 2020

An atlante is a corbel figure (or pillar support) sculpted in the form of a man carrying
a heavy load. A group of well-preserved stone carved atlantes from c. 1250 carrying
the vaults of the Ribe Cathedral in western Jylland, Denmark, represents the antique
titan Atlas and are up to 150 cm high. Their obviously foreign origin has so far remained
uncertain. The figures are made of a relatively soft, sandy limestone. A new
nannofossil analysis of small chips of the chalky and sandy limestone narrows the age
of the stone down to the late Campanian (Late Cretaceous). Upper Campanian sandy
limestones of this type are exposed in the Münster Basin in North Rhine-Westphalia,
western Germany. The Campanian Baumberger Sandstein in this region fits well
with the atlantes in terms of lithology and age and is the only possible provenance
of the stone. Around 1250 the Baumberger Sandstein was used for baptismal fonts
as far north as Ostfriesland at the Dutch-German border, and it is a novel finding of
this investigation that it even reached Denmark. The stone was most likely floated
along the rivers Lippe and Rhine and shipped via the Wadden Sea to Ribe. It is a
remarkably long transport distance for historic commercial stone transportation in
continental northern European art in the High Middle Ages.
Survey Minat Studi Lanjut Ke Perguruan Tinggi Siswa Siswi Calon Lulusan SMA Dan SMK Di Kota Dan Kabupaten Bogor Pada Program Studi Administrasi Bisnis
Authors: Amwila Andi Yudha
Published: March 2020

High school students should already be thinking about the plan to continue their study to higher levels in accordance with their interests. Many programs offered by public and private universities, one of them is Business Administration Program. The aims of this research are, firstly to examine the significance of interests of high school students in the city and region of Bogor, specifically on choosing the Business Administration program. Secondly, this research tries to investigate the factors influencing the interests of high school students to continue their study in higher education. The method used in this research is descriptive statistics using Survey. Data collection is conducted by way of observations assisted with questionnaire instruments and interview. Samples are gathered using Purposive Sampling. Slovin formula is used to determine the amount of samples needed. The results show that the students are interested in taking the major of Business Administration and that they are supported with Office Administration background in their current study, this is followed by other students with different backgrounds. The research concludes that high school students’ interest in Business Administration Program is influenced by their own current background study. Other factors also significant in influencing the students’ interest are the parents’ social condition and the campus’ facilities.
Pengaruh Diferensiasi Produk Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Pelanggan (Studi Kasus Di Restoran Roast Chicken & Pizza Meteran)
Authors: Zuhdi Saefudin , Irawanti Selvy
Published: March 2020

Product differentiation is an attempt to design a set of distinguishing or physical product attributes to differentiate the company's products with the competing products. Quality of service is a measure of the extent to which a service can be provided to meet customer expectations. Both of these variables significantly affect the level of customer satisfaction. The population used in this study is Roast Chicken & Pizza Meter, a dine-in restaurant during July 2014 - August 2014, amounting to 1,440 customers. The sample chosen for this study was 100 respondents and purposive sampling method is chosen as sampling technique. Data are collected by means of questionnaires. And the analysis techniques used are regression and correlation coefficients. The results of the analysis using SPSS version 20 show that: (1). Product differentiation positively affecting the level of customer satisfaction. Regression coefficients results indicate the quality of service (X2 = 1.047) became the biggest factors affecting the level of satisfaction of subscribers, while product differentiation (X1 = 0.992) to the lowest factor affecting customer satisfaction. (2) Correlation and Determination-Test showed that R = 0,998a are positive. This means that any increase in the variable x changes cause an increase in the variable Y. R2 (R Square) = 0.996 variables X1 and X2 affect Y by 99.6% less than 0.4% of the other variables were not examined.
LITERATURE AND MUSICAL LIFE IN KREMENETS UKRAINIAN GYMNASIUM (1918–1938 YEARS)
Authors: Lehkun Oksana
Published: March 2020

The article deals with literary and artistic life at the Kremenets Ukrainian Gymnasium named after Ivan Steshenko. On the basis of archival materials the teaching staff of the educational institution, which functioned in the territory of the Second Rzeczpospolita, was studied. The author notes that the main component of state formation in the years of the Ukrainian People's Republic was the formation and development of Ukrainian national education and culture. The first step in implementing the national school reform was the creation of conditions for the introduction of the Ukrainian language in high school and the opening of new Ukrainian gymnasia. Numerous documents stored in the State Archives of the Ternopil region (351, «Private Ukrainian Gymnasium of Joint Training in Kremenets»), reveal the activity of the educational institution and confirm its prominent role in the educational life of the Ukrainian population of Kremenets. The researcher emphasizes the pedagogical skills of the teaching staff of the Kremenets Ukrainian Gymnasium, and the understanding of the important role of education in the process of preserving national dignity and spirituality contributed to the formation of students' professional and intellectual development. In its activity, the Ukrainian gymnasium has repeatedly faced difficulties: lack of funding, lack of premises adapted properly to educational needs, lack of appropriate material and technical base, but it became the center of high culture and education. The content of the first issue of the handwritten literary and artistic magazine "Youth" was analyzed, on the basis of the memoirs of the student of the gymnasium and the editor of the almanac U. Samchuk, the names of the members of the literary circle were established. The main aspects of the cultural-artistic collaboration of the teaching staff and the students' collectives of the gymnasium with Prosvita Society are revealed. The musical activity of high school students was traced and the programs of concert performances were explored. Based on the memories of former students of the gymnasium, the repertoire of the theater circle under the direction of G. Berezovsky was considered, and the study of high school students at the School of National Dances V. Avramenko was analyzed. The names of well-known writers and public figures who studied in the Ukrainian gymnasium were established.
NATIONAL EDUCATION IS THE MAIN GUARANTEE OF ESTABLISHING NATIONAL ELITE
Authors: Zhulynskiy Mykola
Published: March 2020

In the article, the scientist focuses on the goal of education – the formation of a leading strata of the Ukrainian people – intellectuals, the national elite. The article states that the national character is formed only by the national school. The purpose of education is defined - formation of the leading layer of the Ukrainian people - intellectuals, national elites. It is noted that a conscious volyn political elite was formed.

In a systematic analysis of archival sources, the author notes that in the State Archives of Ternopil region (fund 351) you can learn about the teachers of the gymnasium: the director and teacher of Latin Sergey Ulianovich Milyashkevich, professor of general history, geography and Latin Andrei Kutsa, professor of Ukrainian language and literature Victor Gnazhevsky , teachers of religion (Yuriy Ivanitsky), natural sciences and arithmetic (Luka Skibinetsky), manual labor, calligraphy and drawing (Vasyl Doroshenko), French and German; (Katerina Milyashkevich), teacher of mathematics. Physics and Chemistry (Vasyl Kavun).

Describing the preconditions for the emergence of Ukrainian gymnasiums in Volyn, the author notes that at that time in the late 1920's Volyn voivodship operated 1144 schools, of which 390 were late saturdays, 750 Polish and only 4 schools with Ukrainian language education. The state program of assimilation of national minorities (the Ukrainian minority in the Second Common Polish Commonwealth was the second largest national group after the Poles, accounting for about 15% of the total population) in Volhynia was through compulsory school education in the spirit of the Propolis ideology. At the same time, Ukrainians sought to uphold the right to open schools with their native language of instruction even in those areas where they were quantitatively prevailing. This was guaranteed to the Ukrainians by the Polish Constitution of 1921. (Articles 110-111), but in reality it was extremely difficult to achieve this. Even the opening of a Ukrainian private school required a lot of effort - only with the permission of the minister of religion and public education.

Kremenets Gymnasium, as well as Lutsk, as well as Rivne (arose thanks to the "Enlightenment" of 1923), nourished the native language, professed Orthodox traditions, revered outstanding national figures, leaders of the nation.

It is from this angle that the role of the Ukrainian Gymnasium in Kremenets is shown, along with similar gymnasia in Lutsk and Vinnitsa in the formation of the secular and spiritual national consciousness of the Ukrainian intelligentsia, who later worked on asserting the statehood, including in the UPA ranks, for the development of the Ukrainian national culture.