bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of two bio-polysaccharides on organogenesis of protocorm-like bodies in Phalaenopsis cultured in vitro
Authors: Meskatul A. M. , Shimasaki K. , Habiba S. U.
Published: November 2020

Different types of bio-polysaccharide play a vital role in the growth of PLBs cultured in vitro. In this study, to we investigated the potential impacts of two bio-polymers,: hyaluronic acid (HA9) and sodium alginate (ALG) on the organogenesis of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) in Phalaenopsis under white LED lights. PLBs of Phalaenopsis ‘Fmk02010’ were explanted on modified MS medium with different concentrations of HA and (ALG). The highest average number of PLBs per explant (24.6) was recorded for ALG alone at a concentration of 0.01mg/L, and the fresh weight was also highest at the same concentration. The combination of 0.01mg/L ALG and 0.01mg/L HA also resulted in a large number of PLBs (23.8) and high fresh weight. As opposed to, the highest number of shoots /explant (3.6) was observed at the treatment of the combination of 1mg/L ALG and 10mg/L HA. This study shows that the application of ALG and HA alone, and in combination, at low concentrations, increased the average number of PLBs and the amount of fresh weight, but shoot formation was higher at a high concentration compared with control.
Effect of Vitamin D on the Growth, Haematological and Bio-Chemical Profile of Labeo rohita
Authors: Inayat Muhammad , Abbas Farzana , Razzaq Saira , Hafeez-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Javid Arshad , Hussain Ali , Akmal Muhammad , Anwer Iqra
Published: November 2020

Background: Fish health and disease management is the key factor in modern aquaculture where intensification manifolds the infestation chances of parasites. Irrespective of antibiotics, the use of dietary additives gaining attention in development of aqua feed. Vitamin D is an important dietary additive for fish in terms it can boost up the immune system of fish and unluckily fish cannot synthesize vitamin D itself. Methods: The present study was planned to determine the effect of vitamin D as feed additive on the immunity, hematology and body composition of Labeo rohita. Four diets (T1, T2, T3, T4) containing different concentration of vitamin. D (250mg, 500mg, 1.0g and 1.5g) in food and a control diet were administrated for 90 days trial. Result: At the termination of experiment there were significant differences in growth and hematological parameters between control and test diets. T3 (1.0g of vitamin D) showed the maximum weight gain with lowest FCR value (1.43±0.33) however, the RBC count of T4 group was highest (1.85±0.07) than the control, T1, T2 and T3 groups. The body composition of Labeo rohita growth factor and survival rate were significantly higher (P is less than 0.05) in fish fed on diets containing vitamin D at 1.00g/Kg concentration.
The Effect of Different Planting Methods on Growth and Yield of Selected of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Cultivars
Authors: Narmilan A. , Puvanitha S.
Published: November 2020

Background: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a source of carbohydrate among the population after maize and rice and highly contributes to food security and livelihood to majority of small scale farmers in Sri Lanka as well as in African continent. The production of these starchy plants is declining due to the problem of low yield, high labor cost, pest and diseases damage and shortage of land. However among the yield limiting factors of cassava, the planting method of stem cuttings which depend on plant cultivar and environmental conditions. Therefore, the present study was carried out to reveal information on the effect of planting methods on the growth and yield attributes of cassava. Methods: The field experiment was conducted at the Farmer’s field in the Batticaloa and laboratory experiment was led in South Eastern University of Sri Lanka which is located in Sri Lanka. The field trail was carried out over a period of four months during from May to September in 2018. The treatments used were three planting positions (Angled, vertical and horizontal) and two cultivars (“cv. Local” and “cv Kirikawadi”) were combined in factorial arrangement and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Result: The result revealed that root yield was significantly (P d” 0.05) affected by the interaction effects of the planting position and varieties. Significant differences were observed among planting methods in all tested variables. Based on the study, storage roots yield of cassava could be enhanced by planting method of angled position.
Consumptive Use, Water Use Efficiency, Moisture Depletion Pattern of Wheat under Semi-arid Eastern Plain Zone of Rajasthan
Authors: Prajapat Arjun Lal , Saxena Rani , Choudhary R. R. , Kumhar Manoj
Published: November 2020

Background: India has the largest area under wheat cultivation but variability in climate is one of the major environmental threat to agriculture particularly wheat crop. The growth and yield of wheat crop is adversely affected by environmental stresses such as soil moisture deficit, high temperature, low light intensity etc. Among these stresses irrigation water is a scare resource, it’s optimization is fundamental to water resources use. It permits better utilization of all other production factors and thus leads to increased yields per unit area and time. The higher requirement of food to feed the increased population with reduced water availability for crop production forces the irrigation researchers and managers to use water-saving irrigation strategies to improve the water productivity (WP) in recent years. Thus, an assessment of the potential for reducing water needs and increasing production is the need of time. The current study aimed to study of this province in order to manage and control related problems. Method: In this context a field experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2016 and 2017, Soil moisture studies were started right from sowing and continued up to maturity of wheat crop. The soil moisture content under all the treatments of three replications was determined just before irrigation and twenty four hours after irrigation from 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depths and calculate consumptive use of water, soil moisture depletion pattern and water use efficiency. Result: Results revealed that the maximum consumptive use (350.01 mm) of water found with irrigation schedule at 1.2 ETc and highest water use efficiency (15.32 kg ha-1 mm-1) obtained with irrigation schedule at 1.0 ETc. Among the different wheat cultivars Raj-4120 registered higher consumptive use (332.57 mm) and Raj- 4238 obtained highest water use efficiency (16.13 kg ha-1 mm-1) while crop sown on 15th November recorded higher consumptive use (333.04 mm) and water use efficiency (15.69 kg ha-1 mm-1). Wheat is a surface feeder with fibrous root system, the maximum amount of moisture was depleted in shallow depth (0-15 cm) than deeper layers of soil.
On Farm Testing of Rice Variety NDLR-7 as an Alternative to Traditionally Grown BPT-5204 in Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Jayalakshmi M. , Babu G. Prasad , Chaithanya B. H.
Published: November 2020

Back Ground: Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) is major crop in Andhra Pradesh being cultivated in 22.11 lakh ha average productivity of 3350Kg/ha Local BPT-5204 (samba mashuri) is high susceptibility to blast, sheath blight and gall midge. Since this is consumers’ preference both in the rural and urban markets, farmers are cultivating BPT-5204 though this variety is susceptibility to blast and BPH leads to high cost of cultivation .As an alternative to this NDLR-7 variety developed by Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Nandyal, ANGRAU NDLR-7 was tolerant to blast, BPH, sheath blight, leaf folders and gall midge. Methods: NDLR-7 was introduced by KVK, Banavasi through on farm trail during 2016-17 and this trial was continued for three years as an alternative to traditionally grown BPT-5204. Result: The data from the three years of on farm trail reveals that the cost of cultivation has drastically reduced from Rs. 66050/ha to 50,538/ha due to reduced use of pesticides. The yield in demonstration plot (NDLR-7) was 7437.5 Kg/ha compared to control (5812 Kg/ha).
Genetic Variants of β-casein Gene in Indigenous and Exotic Dairy Cattle Breeds in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wickramasinghe S. , Rupasinghe R. K. , Shanjayan N. , Lokugalappatti L. G.S.
Published: November 2020

Background: Bovine milk contains two types of β-casein (CSN2); A1 and A2, in which A1 type has shown associations with certain health issues. This study was conducted to identify the abundance of CSN2 A1/A2 variants in European and indigenous dairy breeds in Sri Lanka. Methods: The study included 123 Ayrshire, 101 Holstein Friesian and 92 indigenous White cattle (Bos indicus) populations. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP method using Dde1. Allele and genotype frequencies and population genetic indices were calculated. Result: Results showed A1A2 to be predominant in both Holstein Friesian (0.63) and Ayrshire (0.68) populations while A2A2 (0.82) was predominant in the White cattle population. A1 and A2 allele frequencies were 0.52 and 0.48 in Ayrshire; 0.39 and 0.61 in Holstein Friesian and 0.09 and 0.91 in White cattle populations. Ayrshire and Holstein Friesian populations showed significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p£0.05). When compared to the imported breeds, the White cattle population showed inbreeding and less genetic diversity.
Foam Fractionation Technology for Enrichment and Recovery of Cheese Whey Proteins
Authors: Sunkesula Venkateswarlu , Kommineni Anil , Marella Chenchaiah , Muthukumarappan K. , Metzger Lloyd E.
Published: November 2020

Background: Foam fractionation technology works on the adsorptive bubble separation principle. This technique involves adsorption of the surface-active substances on to a gas-liquid interface and separation of these components from the liquid along with bubbles as foam. The foam separation technology has been successfully utilized in the recovery of proteins from solutions containing either a single protein or binary mixtures. To develop a foam fractionation technology for selective enrichment and recovery of whey proteins, it is essential to investigate the effect of different feed and process variables that affect the foam fractionation process. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of two important feed variables, such as pH and initial protein concentration on recovery and enrichment of total whey proteins as well as α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin. Methods: All the experiments were conducted in Agriculture and biosystems engineering lab and Alfred Dairy Science lab at South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota during 2011-2013. The experiments used four levels of initial protein concentration and five levels of feed pH. Yield and enrichment ratios were determined for total whey proteins, α-Lactalbumin (α-La) and β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg). Result: Whey protein yields ranged from 51.58 to 90.92%, while the enrichment ratios were between 1.2 to 5. The yield of α-La varied from 59 to 94% and the highest enrichment ratio of 8.45 was obtained with the treatment combination of initial protein concentration of 109 mg/L and pH of 5.1. Selective enrichment of α-La over β-Lg was observed at a pH of 4.65 with α-La to β-Lg ratio of 0.49. These findings will be helpful in selective enrichment and recovery of valuable proteins from Cheddar cheese whey using the foam fractionation process.
Lesson to Learn from an Endangered Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas): Marine Debris Ingestion, Rehabilitation and Satellite Tracking
Authors: Li Tsung-Hsien , Cai Ya-Ru , Wu Po-Yu , Ng Connie Ka-Yan , Balazs George H.
Published: November 2020

Background: Marine debris is an environmental pollution problem affecting the oceans worldwide. Recent studies reveal that marine debris ingestion by sea turtles is rising. Sea turtles brought in for rehabilitation allows an opportunity to provide insights into the possible effects of anthropogenic debris on animal’s survivorship during rehabilitation.
Methods: A green turtle (Chelonia mydas) was bycaught in fishing gear in south-western Taiwan in 2016. Debris were collected in the holding tank during rehabilitation. After a 3-month rehabilitation, the turtle was fit for release. Prior to the release, the turtle was tagged with a satellite transmitter.
Result: Marine debris were found in turtle feces or floating on the surface of basins during rehabilitation. The debris were dominated by fishing line, hard plastic, soft plastic, rope, wood and styrofoam. The turtle survived and was successfully released back into the wild attached with a satellite transmitter. The turtle remained residing in waters of southern Taiwan, possibly its foraging ground, for almost two months. This study presents an apparent successful rehabilitation of an endangered green sea turtle, that hopefully helps further enhance environmental education and public awareness, as well as concerted actions against marine pollution in general and anthropogenic debris related problems in particular.
Assessment of the Adaptive Stability of the Holstein Cows in the Conditions of the Ecological Plasticity in Northern Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Pishchan I. S. , Pishchan S. G. , Lytvyschenko L. O. , Honchar A. O. , Horchanok A. V. , Mylostyvyi R. V. , Kapshuk N. O. , Kuzmenko O. A.
Published: November 2020

Background: Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine is located in the northern steppe subzone, where livestock is actively developing, including dairy farming. Cows, imported from other ecological and climatic conditions undergo appropriate acclimatization to new conditions of exploitation. The current research was based on the assessment of the adaptive properties of Holstein cows of different ages to manage and control the level of their milk productivity and reproductive function during exploitation.
Methods: All researches were carried out on the milk complex of “Agro-Soyuz”. The information base was data on productive qualities in individual cards of cows, results of assessment of zootechnical and veterinary accounting. To achieve this goal, an analysis was conducted from the first to the seventh lactation of Holstein cows.
Result: Our researches allowed establishing the adaptability of Holstein cows of different ages in terms of ecological plasticity of the northern steppe of Ukraine. With a slight imbalance of the organism and the environment cows show high productive qualities at unsatisfactory reproductive function. This work will be a complementary the comprehensive study the adaptation of Holstein cows in different climatic conditions.
Identification of Potential Disease Biomarkers in the Ovaries of Dolang Sheep from Xinjiang using Transcriptomics and Bioinformatics Approaches
Authors: Chang WH , Cui ZL , Wang JH
Published: November 2020

Background: The Dolang sheep is a well-known indigenous breed from the Xinjiang region of China. The most important characteristics of these sheep are a year-round estrus and a strong resistance to a variety of diseases. Although the molecular regulatory mechanisms governing the year-round estrus and adaptability in health and disease are well studied in various animals, the related information is limited for sheep, particularly, the Dolang variety.
Methods: To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that might be responsible for the year-round estrus and that are expressed under different physiological conditions in Dolang sheep, samples from ovaries collected at different reproductive periods were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and subsequent transcriptomics and bioinformatics analyses.
Result: We identified 28,717 expressed genes by RNA-Seq analysis and from a list of 987 candidate genes, we identified 308 that were differentially expressed in the ovaries of non-pregnant Dolang sheep in estrus and anestrus phases and those in the gestation phase. The genes DQA, DQB and LOC101106374 were upregulated during the gestation period. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that these three genes may improve immunity and prevent the occurrence of abortion, brucellosis, toxoplasmosis and globidiosis and can be used to monitor sheep health during pregnancy. Thus, DQA, DQB and LOC101106374 may serve as potential biomarkers for monitoring disease progression as well as abortion risk during pregnancy in sheep.
Differentially Expressed miRNAs in Mouse Uterus during Embryo Implantation
Authors: Cao Dingren , Liang Jingjie , Liu Lijun , Zhang Xiaowei , Shi Shuang , Tan Qiang , Wang Zhengguang
Published: November 2020

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in posttranscriptional regulation during the window of implantation. However, which miRNA may play regulatory role during the window of implantation remains to be studied in depth. This paper aimed to explore the miRNAs that played regulatory roles during the process of implantation.
Methods: RNA sequencing was performed to analyze mice uterus tissue in gestation day 1 (D1), gestation day 4 (D4) and gestation day5 (D5). The tissues in D5 were divided into embryo implantation sites (D5IMS) and inter-implantation sites (D5IIS). The differentially expressed miRNAs were screened and bioinformatics analyzed. Transfecting miR-183-5p mimics into HEC-1-A cells, genes regulated by miR-183-5p were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing.
Result: Eleven differentially expressed miRNAs were identified during the window of implantation. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the most differentially expressed miRNAs mainly related to binding and signaling transduction related pathways. Especially miR-183-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-199b-5p and miR-218-5p play a crucial role in regulating many important pathways. Transcriptome sequencing results showed that there were 19 up-regulated and 31 down-regulated genes in the miR-183-5p mimics group compared with the negative control (NC) group. This work laid a foundation for the study of miRNA in early pregnancy.
A Study on the Physical and Biochemical Characteristics of Semen of Tor putitora- An Endangered Fish Species in Himalayan Water
Authors: Charak Sapana Rani , Chaudhary Dharmendra K. , Agarwal Naresh K.
Published: November 2020

Background: Tor putitora is distributed in the entire northeast Himalayan region. The declining population of Tor putitora in natural waters has major concern to its fishery. The knowledge of semen characteristics is helpful in the selection of good quality semen for artificial fertilization thus have a role in fishery development. The current study aimed to determine the physical and biochemical composition of seminal plasma of Tor putitora.
Methods: The semen samples were collected by stripping the ripe male brooders procured from the natural habitat. The sperm motility, sperm density, spermatocrit value and osmolality were determined for physical characteristics of semen. Haemocytometric method was used for sperm density. The seminal plasma was separated by centrifugation for the determination of ionic and organic component of semen through atomic absorption spectrometer.
Result: The semen of T. putitora has shown species-specific features of sperm density (1.712 ± 0.18 × 109 ml-1), spermatocrit (62.96 ± 2.63 %) and sperm motility duration (48.16 ± 1.68 s). The Na2+ (102.06 ± 5.115 mM l-l) and K+ (51.66 ± 3.205 mM l -l) are predominating ions among the other inorganic constituents (Ca2+: 1.38 ± 0.304 mg dl-1, Mg2+: 0.86 ± 0.261 mg l-l, phosphate: 4.00 ± 1.102 mg dl-1, Cu2+: 0.004 ± 0.001 mg l-l and Zn2+: 0.062 ± 0.005 mg l-l) of the seminal plasma. The organic constituents of seminal plasma contained - Glucose: 9.6 ± 0.678 mg dl-1, Cholesterol: 21.0 ± 1.049 mg dl-1, Triglycerides: 11.0 ± 0.316 mg dl-1, Urea: 12.6 ± 1.7206 mg dl-1 and Uric acid: 0.5 ± 0.10 mg dl-1. The Osmolality (256.8 ± 31.940 mOsmol kg-1), pH (7.34 ± 0.04) and ionic composition of semen seem to be the most important factor responsible for inhibition or activation of sperm motility. A high significant positive relationship (r=0.807, P less than 0.01) was found between sperm density and spermatocrit suggests the use of regression equation for quick and reliable estimation of sperm concentration in Tor putitora. The study is helpful in the selection of high-quality male spawners and provides baseline information for the development of extenders and dilutants for the preservation of viable semen.
Development of Mapping Population and Validation of Molecular Markers Associated with MYMV Resistance in Mungbean
Authors: Mogali S. C. , Abhilash B. N. , Jaggal L. G.
Published: November 2020

Background: Mungbean yellow mosaic virus disease is the most devastating disease on Mungbean production. The virus is transmitted by whitefly and can cause yield losses from 75 to 100 per cent. The development of mungbean cultivars resistant to both virus and its vector is considered as one of the most desirable means of managing the disease as it is environmentally safe and highly efficient. The selection of resistant genotypes in conventional methods is complex and time consuming. Hence, the use of molecular markers linked with resistance genes is powerful as it hastens the breeding programmes. The current study was aimed to develop mapping population and to validate molecular markers associated with Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV).
Methods: The present investigation was carried out with 260 F2 individuals that were derived from crossing DGGV-2 and IPM 2-14 during Kharif-2017 at Main Agril Research Station, UAS, Dharwad. Hybrid seeds of this cross were harvested individually and sown during rabi 2017 along with the two parents, as checks for distinguishing the true hybrids. Hybridity of F1s was confirmed through molecular marker analysis and the true F1s were selfed to raise the F2 generation.
Result: Of the 24 previously reported simple sequence repeat markers used for detecting the polymorphism, two markers viz., CEDG305 and CEDG115 were found to be polymorphic between DGGV-2 and IPM-2-14. Two hundred and sixty F2 plants segregated in the ratio of 3 S:1 R (202 susceptible: 58 resistant) as phenotypic and 1: 2 :1 as genotypic ratio implying that single recessive gene controlled resistance. Single marker analysis revealed that the molecular markers CEDG305 and CEDG115 were associated with MYMV resistance with a phenotypic variance of 24.5 and 10.3 per cent respectively.
Performance of Zero-till Bio-mulching on Different Pulses under Maize-legume Sequence
Authors: Dey J. K. , Saren B. K. , Duary B. , Pramanik K.
Published: November 2020

Background: After harvesting of kharif crops, lack of sufficient soil moisture availability limit the cultivation of rabi crops in the Birbhum district of West Bengal. So a huge area remains fallow during the rabi season mainly because of infrastructure to harvest and to utilize the bountiful rains of the monsoon. So, agronomic measures to conserve the soil moisture are very suitable for the region because of their low cost and capability to reduce soil erosion. In this region, maize stalk are not used as fodder for animals and are usually burnt or kept outside the field. Similarly, during rainy season, there is plenty of water hyacinth and paddy straw found around cultivated areas. Retention of crop residues and weed biomass on the soil surface in combination with zero tillage initiates process that lead to improve soil quality and overall enhancement of resource use efficiency.
Methods: The trials were conducted for consecutive two years (2017-18 and 2018-19) in split plot design with three main plot treatments as cropping system after Maize, viz, i) Maize-chickpea (CS1) ii) Maize-lentil (CS2) iii) Maize-lathyrus (CS3); with five sub-plot treatments as mulching i) No-mulching (Residue Removal) (M0) ii) In-situ Maize stalk mulching (M1) iii) In-situ maize stalk mulch + Water hyacinth (5 t/ha) (M2) iv) In-situ maize stalk mulch + Paddy straw (5 t/ha) (M3) v) In-situ maize stalk mulch + Water hyacinth (2.5 t/ha) + Paddy straw (2.5 t/ha) (M4) but the individual rabi crop’s data were analyzed in Randomized Block Design (RBD) as the individual crops have different growth characteristics.
Result: Experiments result revealed that mulching with M3- In-situ maize stalk mulch + Paddy straw (5 t/ha) is the best practice for growing pulses under zero-till condition after Maize in Maize-legume cropping system. Growing of pulses in different cropping system under zero-till condition not only will increase the cropping intensity and production of pulses in the country but also will increase the fertility of the soil.
Isolation, Identification and Conversion Characteristics of Anti-inflammatory Active Saponin in Black Soybean Sprout treated by High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP)
Authors: Kim M. Y. , Lee Y. J. , Jang G. Y. , Hwang B. Y. , Lee J. , Jeong H. S.
Published: November 2020

Background: The use of germination and high hydrostatic pressure(HHP) processing can improve soyasaponin contents and physiological characteristics. However, no study has sought to identify the active compounds from soyasaponin extracts of black soybean treated by HHP after germination. Therefore, this study was performed to isolate and identify the anti-inflammatory active soyasaponin in black soybean sprouts treated with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP).
Methods: Black soybeans were germinated for 4 days and subjected to 150 MPa for 24 h. Crude soyasaponin extracts were separated into using C18 column chromatography and the active compound was purified by semi-preparative HPLC. After isolating the active compounds, the secretion of inflammatory markers (nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were measured.
Result: The anti-inflammatory compounds were identified as Soyasaponin Bb and Bc. The anti-inflammatory compounds were identified as soyasaponin Bb and Bc. Soyasaponin Bc enhanced with increasing HHP treatment time in control. However, enzyme inactivation kept soyasaponin Bc content constantly regardless of HHP treatment time. Therefore, activation of enzyme is a major factor for increasing soyasaponin BC level and anti-inflammatory activity of soybean sprout according to HHP treatment.
Celebrate Birth!—My Labor With Riley
Authors: Weckesser Courtney
Published: November 2020

The birth of my second child was a whirlwind filled with relentless contractions.
Sisters in Birth: Improving Birth Outcomes in Mississippi
Authors: Israel Getty
Published: November 2020

Mississippi has the poorest birth outcomes in the United States. Sisters in Birth (SIB) is a community-based nonprofit, charitable organization program that links community and clinical health to improve birth outcomes in Mississippi. This article describes the community and clinical health variables that influence birth outcomes and the organization's work or mission. The overwhelmingly positive outcomes of the first 50 women in the program are presented as well as snapshots of individual women's experiences.
Using Geographic Information System(GIS) to Explore the Spatial Association Between Neighborhood Contexts and Oral Health Outcomes in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Podskalniy Vladyslav , Pani Sharat Chandra , Lee Jinyhyng , Vieira Liliani Aries Candido , Perinpanayagam Hiran
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT: Aims: This study aimed to explore the impacts of neighborhood-level socioeconomic contexts (e.g., income, education) on the therapeutic and preventative dental quality outcome of children aged 3 to 15 years. Materials and Methods Anonymized billing data of 842 patients reporting to a university Children’s Dental over three years met the inclusion criteria. Their access to care (OEV-CH-A), topical fluoride application (TFL-CH-A) and dental treatment burden (TRT-CH-A) were determined by dental quality alliance (DQA) criteria. The three oral health variables were aggregated at a neighborhood-level and analyzed with census data provided by Statistics Canada within a GIS framework. The forward sortation area (FSA) was chosen as a neighborhood spatial unit and regression models were run both the individual and neighborhood level. Results: The individual-level regression models showed significant negative associations between OEV-CH-A (p=0.027) and TFL-CH-A (p=0.001) and the cost of dental care. There was a significant negative association between TRT-CH-A and median household income. Neighborhood-level Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) linear regression models show negative associations of all three dental health variables (OEV-CH-A, TFL-CH-A, TRT-CH-A) with median household income and the number of households without a college degree. Conclusion: GIS and spatial quantitative approaches may be an effective tool to explore the impacts of socioeconomic variables on oral health outcomes.
Inter-rater reliability of an exercise adherence measurement tool: Measurement Of adherence Via Exercise Demonstration (MOVED)
Authors: Peek Kerry
Published: November 2020

Objective: To explore the inter-rater reliability of the Measurement Of adherence Via Exercise Demonstration (MOVED) adherence tool. Design: Reliability study of a patient adherence measurement tool.Setting: Simulated physiotherapist-patient consultations. Participants: Sixteen experienced physiotherapists rated patient adherence to exercise. Interventions: N/A Main Outcome Measure: Inter-rater reliability of MOVED.Methods: The MOVED tool consists of two parts. Part one asks patients to self-report their adherence to exercise dose (including number of completed sessions, sets and repetitions in the last seven days). Part two asks patients to demonstrate each exercise. Component scores are totalled to give an overall level of patient adherence to each exercise.Participants were provided with a copy of five physiotherapist-prescribed exercises. Participants were then shown five corresponding video vignettes of simulated physiotherapist-patient consultations where patients were asked to self-report exercise frequency, sets and repetitions and demonstrate each exercise within the context of a consultation. Participants were asked to rate the level of patient adherence to each of the five exercises using the MOVED tool. Inter-rater reliability of MOVED scores was assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and 95% Confidence Intervals. Results: The ICC of part one (self-report) was .90 (95%CI .74-.98), part two (demonstration) was .98 (95%CI .94-.99) and total score was .96 (95%CI .88-.99), demonstrating excellent inter-rater reliability. Conclusion: The MOVED tool, which can highlight whether patients are adhering to exercise technique as well as exercise dose, may provide clinicians and researchers with a more robust measure of exercise adherence when compared with other measures currently available.
Remanufacturing Option Selection with Disassembly for Recovery Rate and Profit
Authors: Yoda Kazuki , Irie Hayate , Kinoshita Yuki , Yamada Tetsuo , Yamada Shuho , Inoue Masato ,   Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Engineering Informatics, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
Published: November 2020

In order to cope with the issue of depletion of natural resources, expectations for economical designs of the closed-loop supply chains of products that include remanufacturing in their lifecycle have recently significantly grown. However, since disassembly of a product to remanufacture it is costly due to high labor costs, the lifecycle option of remanufacturing an end of life product by disassembly and reassembly needs to be established environmentally as well as economically. In this study, we propose a remanufacturing option selection method that takes recovery rates and profits into account. First, a bill of materials of a product is prepared to create data for remanufacturing. Next, its remanufacturing option selection is formulated by using the 0-1 integer programming. Lastly, the proposed remanufacturing option selection method is verified by analyzing the sensitivities of the recovery rates and selling prices of the remanufactured products using the ϵ constraint method. The proposed method that takes remanufacturing into account has demonstrated a generating larger profits than a conventional method maintaining high recovery rates at the same levels in a case study.
The Detection of Unfused Powder in EBM and SLM Additive Manufactured Components
Authors: Tawfik Ahmed , Radwan Mohamed , Attia Mazen Ahmed , Bills Paul , Racasan Radu , Blunt Liam ,   EPSRC Future Advanced Metrology Hub, University of Huddersfield Queensgate, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire HD1 3DH, United Kingdom,   Faculty of Dentistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
Published: November 2020

Additive manufacturing (AM) is recognized as a core technology for producing high value, complex, and individually designed components as well as prototypes, giving AM a significant advantage over subtractive machining. Selective laser melting (SLM) or electron beam melting (EBM) are two of the main technologies used for producing metal components. The powder size varies, depending on the technology and manufacturer, from 20–50 μm for SLM and 45–100 μm for EBM. One of the current barriers for implementing AM for most industries is the lack of build repeatability and a deficit in quality assurance standards. The mechanical properties of the components depend critically on the density achieved; therefore, defect analysis and detection of unfused powder must be carried out to verify the integrity of the components. Detecting unfused powder in AM parts using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is challenging because detection relies on variations in density. Unfused particles have the same density as the manufactured parts; therefore, detection is difficult using standard methods for density measurement. This study presents a methodology to detect unfused powders in SLM and EBM-manufactured components. Aluminum and titanium artefacts with designed internal defects filled with unfused powder are scanned with XCT and the results are analyzed with VGSTUDIO Max 3.0 (Volume Graphics, Germany) software package. Preliminary results indicate that detecting unfused powder in an aluminum SLM artifact with a 9.5 μm voxel size is achievable. This is possible because of the size of the voids between the powder particles and the non-uniform shape of the particles. Conversely, detecting unfused powder in the EBM-manufactured titanium artifact is less challenging owing to the uniform spherical shape and slightly larger size of the particles.
PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN KARIR DAN REWARD TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PR. TRUBUS ALAMI
Authors: Rima Ronia Aflatul , Nu Graha Andi , Suryaningtyas Dianawati
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) untuk menguji pengaruh pengembangan karir dan reward terhadap kinerja karyawan. (2) untuk menguji pengaruh pengembangan karir terhadap kinerja karyawan. (3) untuk menguji pengaruh reward terhadap kinerja karyawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda. Populasi dan sampel yang peneliti gunakan yakni di PR. Trubus alami dengan sampel sebesar 48 karyawan tetap. Tehnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan tehnik sampling jenuh dimana seluruh anggota populasi digunakan sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengembangan karir dan reward berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PR. Trubus Alami. Variabel pengembangan karir berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PR. Trubus Alami. Variabel reward berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PR. Trubus Alami. Artinya, semakin tinggi pengembangan karir dan reward yang ada di PR. Trubus Alami maka, semakin baik pula kedua variabel mempengaruhi kinerja yang ada di perusahaan. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya disarankan untuk mengembangkan faktor – faktor lain yang memengaruhi kinerja diluar faktor yang sudah diteliti misalnya motivasi kerja, lingkungan kerja, disiplin kerja, atau yang lainya yang dapat memberikan kontribusi tinggi dalam meningkatkan kinerja karyawan pada PR. Trubus Alami.
PROFITABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Nur Aulia Alma , Indah Mustikawati Rita , Hariyanto Sugeng
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan dan intellectual capital terhadap nilai perusahaan. Profitabilitas diukur dengan rasio return on equity (ROE). Ukuran perusahaan diukur dengan Logaritma natural total aset. Intellectual capital diukur dengan rasio value added intellectual efficiency method (VAIC™) dan nilai perusahaan diproksi dengan Price book value (PBV). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan food and beverage yang go public di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Teknik pengambilan sampel digunakan dengan purposive sampling. Periode pengamatan dilakukan pada 2014-2018, dengan total sampel 11 perusahaan. Jumlah data observasi adalah 44 pasang data. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan dan intellectual capital terhadap nilai perusahaan. Profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan arah negatif. Ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Intellectual capital berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan arah positif.
Rod Selection Criteria for Improving Performance in Progressive Cavity Pump and Sucker Rod Pump Systems in the Cira Infantas Field
Authors: Arambulo Jenifer Alejandra , Labrador Laura Soraya , Ramirez Leidy Bibiana , De Sales Paola Andrea , Vasquez Wilson
Published: November 2020

Rod Pumping and Progressive Cavity Pumping Artificial Lift Systems have sucker rods as one of their main components exposed to failure. Given the different available brands, metallurgies and even conventional or unconventional options, a necessity emerged to develop an analysis that integrated the concepts of production engineering, artificial lift engineering, corrosion engineering, metallurgic engineering and reliability with failure history and different additional calculations, to conform a tool capable of statistically predict what type of sucker rod to use on each well according to specific characteristics.

Towards September of 2016 in La Cira Infantas Field sucker rod failures reach around 150, which were associated to corrosive fluids and wear-friction between the tubing and the sucker rod. The analysis had a mathematical-statistical approach with mainly predictive characteristics based on the historic behavior of the wells and associated to different parameters of the production and operation fluids. This set of variables returned a specific behavior in some cases better than others when using certain types of materials.

Once obtained all parameters of the study, it was stablished a valuation of the different sucker rods used on the field. The result of the analysis was the matrix of selection of the sucker rods with best performance, this gave way to the unification and standardization of the different sucker rods to use depending on the conditions and scenarios that they will exposed and submitted to on each particular well of the La Cira Infantas field. This allows to take short- and long-term action plans, where budget proposals can be reviewed, which will be reflected on the failure index decrease and a better technical-economical evaluation.

The development of the project along with other studies and practices on the La Cira Infantas field, achieve to reduce approximately 40% the failures with respect to its previous year and in the following year 10%. This allowed to reduce the failure expending and the deferred production.
Back to Basics: Long and Slow is the Way to go for Efficient, Effective Sucker Rod Pumping
Authors: Van Akkeren Thomas John
Published: November 2020

For more than one hundred years, sucker rod pumping has been the method used for a large majority of wells requiring artificial lift in the industry. During this time, there have been continual efforts to improve and optimize performance by generations of manufacturers, engineers and field personnel with varying degrees of success. Concepts that have proven effective continue to be used and those that haven't have fallen by the wayside. The industry has not been static, and even good ideas have been improved on over time, either through experimentation or from improvements in technology. This paper will summarize some of the concepts and applications that have led to sucker rod pumping to be one of the most efficient and effective methods of artificial lift.

Rod pumping's principal advantages are relatively high efficiencies and the ability to maximize bottomhole drawdown. The concept of efficient operation with long, slow strokes has been recognized since at least the early 1930's. In 1987, R.H. Gault published a paper (Gault, 1987) that quantified the benefits based on data extracted from API Bull 11L3, a table of pumping system calculations using an analog computer simulation that was a result of an industry supported effort to understand and optimize performance. Using a freely available wave equation design program based on the Everitt-Jennings method, this study was duplicated and found, with some variation in results, they essentially verify Gault's premises. Carrying this evaluation further, the true way to optimize efficient design is to use the largest pump size that fits operating parameters with longer surface strokes and a reduction in the pumping speed. Call it Big and Slow is the Way to Go
Wellhead Penetrator Problems and Best Practices in ESP Thermal – SAGD Applications
Authors: Keough Pat , Chacin Jesus , Ehman Kyle
Published: November 2020

Wellhead penetrators are a critical component in the ESP electrical system. The harsh SAGD environment and conditions impose an even higher level of stress on penetrators (high temperature, H2S, water vapor production). Recently, a sudden increase in wellhead penetrator failures in the Surmont SAGD ESP operation, near Fort McMurray, Canada, lead to an enhanced field-wide root cause analysis (RCA) effort. This paper is a field-case study that describes the findings of this RCA and the mitigation measures taken.

Among the actions taken, a feasibility study was fast-tracked to determine the potential for success of the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method to discriminate if what was perceived as a potential "downhole electrical failure" was indeed a much shallower penetrator failure. Being able to identify a penetrator failure can yield significant savings in rig-time and workover efficiency while avoiding unnecessary transportation and replacement of non-failed downhole equipment such as the ESP and cable. TDR usage is common in other industries, but their use in ESP operations has been limited to expensive and complex systems such as offshore or deep installations.

An ensuing field-wide trial was promptly commissioned in order to validate the effectiveness of the TDR method. In a complex environment, the importance of an empirical study with real-world conditions is critical to determining success. This paper describes the basic principle of the TDR method, and focuses on the TDR signal interpretation experience gained in Surmont in 43 failures as of May 2020, during the field-wide trial.

Results presented are promising and support the accuracy of this method to detect failure location. While the TDR readings were implemented under challenging SAGD conditions, authors believe that its implementation could be considered in most, if not all ESP installations. The paper will also describe any challenges and limitations that have been discovered.
Performance of age-adjusted D-dimer values for predicting DVT before the knee and hip arthroplasty
Authors: Wu Jian Xiang , Qing Jiang Hui , Yao Yao , Chen Dong Yang , Jiang Qing
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To compare the specificity and sensitivity of preoperative D-dimer and age-adjusted D-dimer value for predicting the incidence of the DVT preoperatively in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients.Methods: We enrolled 406 patients finally above 50 years old. Everyone had done ultrasonography bedside, and D-dimer concentrations were collected before surgery. The D-dimer and age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off was calculated by multiple logistic regression and receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses.Results: A total of 39 patients had found asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by ultrasonography. The age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.067; p=0.003) and D-dimer (OR:1.331; p=0.025) were related to the existence of DVT. For conventional D-dimer and age-adjusted D-dimer value, the area under the curves (AUCs) were 0.685 (0.499-0.696) and 0.795 (0.611-0.881), respectively.Conclusion: Compared to traditional D-dimer, age-adjusted D-dimer showed better performance in screening DVT, which was useful clinically.
Gut Flora Mediated Mouse Metabolic Health Risk Caused by Dietary Exposure of Acetamiprid and Tebuconazole
Authors: Jingkun Liu , Zhao Fangfang , Xu Yanyang , Li Nan , Qiu Jing , Qian Yongzhong
Published: November 2020

Background:Dietary pesticide residue is an important dietary inducement of metabolic syndrome. Results:Chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were induced to tested mice through long-term and low-level of acetamiprid and tebuconazole. On the basis of these phenotypes, the mouse gut flora with metabolites, host circulation metabolic profiling, and their interrelations were investigated, and host metabolic pathways were detected. Results showed that pesticide exposure differently altered the abundance of gut microbial species, such as high ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increased high lipopolysaccharide-production species. Correlation analysis between gut flora and its metabolic profiling further explained these changes and their associations. Under these influences, metabolic profiling of host serum and liver was performed, and metabolic disorders were characterized. The relationships between serum and gut flora were determined via their significantly different metabolites. Alterations to the metabolic pathways of liver were clarified to deeply explore the influences on host physiology. Host metabolic disorders were evidently released by fructooligosaccharide and fecal microbiota transplantation intervention, directly proving that gut flora is a vital medium in metabolic health risk caused by pesticide exposure.Conclusion:Dietary long-term and low-level pesticides threated metabolic health via affecting intestinal flora. Metabolism of intestinal flora and host were all stressed by the exposure, and their alterations were in close proximity. Dietary interventions mitigated metabolic diseases via improving disorder of intestinal flora. This work supplied theoretical bases and intervention approaches to body metabolic problems caused by pesticides exposure on the basis of gut flora.