bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BUKET UANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Herawati Susi
Published: August 2024

Analisis dalam penelitian ini dapat diketahui tentang sistem jual beli buket uang dilihat dari sudut pandang Islam. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif, adapun sumber yang diperoleh data sekunder yaitu kitab, kajian-kajian Islami.Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, pertama yaitu, tata cara akad jual beli buket, kedua, perspektif Islam yaitu, transaksi proses pengadaan buket uang sesuai hukum syara’. Dimana dalam memperoleh suatu jenis barang dengan akad jual beli yang sering ditemui saat perayaan resepsi wisuda yaitu, prinsip utama dalam proses jual beli merujuk kepada sumber hukum Islam yaitu kitabullah dan sunnatullah. Transaksi sistem jual beli suatu barang dituntut untuk tetap berpedoman kepada kedua sumber hukum tersebut, dimana tidak mengabaikan tata cara bermuamalah yang sesuai dengan hukum syara’ yang berhubungan dengan jual beli buket uang menurut persepktif Islam yang implementasinya tidak mengandung unsur riba.
Kata Kunci : Jual beli buket uang, perspektif hukum Islam
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN DI CV. SEHATI INDO DUA CABANG DJOELOENG
Authors: Sukmalengkawati Arti , Jani Akbar
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan konsumen CV Sehati Indo Dua Cabang Djoeloeng. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dengan pendekatan asosiatif, sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diambil melalui penyebaran kuesioner, sedangkan data sekunder melalui pelanggan yang berbelanja di CV Sehati Indo Dua Cabang Djoeloeng berjumlah 68 orang dan menggunakan teknik non probability sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara kualitas pelayanan dengan kepuasan pelanggan di CV Sehati Indo Dua Cabang Djoeloeng, ini terlihat dari nilai t hitung sebesar 6,869 yang lebih besar dari t tabel 1,671. Adapun nilai koefisien korelasi kualitas pelayanan sebesar 0,630 yang berada diinterval 0,600-0,799 dan menghasilkan koefisien determinasi sebesar 64,6%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggam adalah sebesar 64,6% dan sisanya sebesar 35,4 % dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti.
MEMBANGUN MOTIVASI BERINVESTASI PADA NEGARA BERKEMBANG
Authors: Indrawati Novy Karmelita , Susilo Hardi
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Investment is a key indication of a country's economy. Western nations with advanced economies have a high level of investment from their populations, while Eastern countries with emerging economies continue to have relatively little investment. Many factors impact investing decisions, including income and predicted profit margins. However, research indicates that raising the wages of permanent employees has little direct impact on investment decisions. Investment decisions are determined by psychological motivation rather than merely financial competence. This study intends to investigate the characteristics that motivate people to invest, particularly in developing nations. Qualitative research conducted through in-depth interviews with workers in several institutions in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia, reveals that government sector workers demand different motives for pension security than the public and private sectors. Understanding the investment motivation of workers on fixed incomes can assist institutions in developing policies that encourage the allocation of income for investment, so boosting the micro and macro economy.
PENGARUH TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PERINDUSTRIAN DAN PERDAGANGAN PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Rosinta  , Andi Mappatompo  , Sri Andayaningsih
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of education level on employee performance at the Industry and Trade Service of South Sulawesi Province. The research method used in the study is a quantitative method with an associative approach. The method for collecting data is through observation, questionnaires and documentation with a population of 115 employees and an interesting sample using the slovin formula so that the number of samples obtained is 89 employees with the data analysis method used is simple linear regression analysis processed through the assistance of Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) Software Version 27. Based on the results of this study, it shows that the results of the t-test obtained on the education level variable (X) on employee performance (Y) obtained tcount 8.674> ttable 1.987 with a significance level of 0.05. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant influence of the education level variable on employee performance at the Industry and Trade Service of South Sulawesi Province
Developmental Research: An Android-Based Arabic Language Learning Application as a Means to Improve Middle School Students' Learning Outcomes
Authors:   Arabic Education Study Program, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung(Indonesia), Al amin Yusra , Najah Zughrofiyatun ,   Arabic Education Study Program, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung(Indonesia)
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research is to: (1) explain the Android-based interactive learning media for Arabic language in the eighth grade, (2) describe the feasibility of the Android-based interactive learning media for Arabic language in the eighth grade, (3) elucidate the effectiveness of the Android-based interactive learning media for Arabic language in the eighth grade in the learning process, (4) explain the difference in student learning outcomes before and after the use of Android-based interactive learning media for Arabic language in the eighth grade. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D), using the ADDIE development model. The results of this research indicate that (1) the product resulting from this research and development is an Android-based application that can be accessed on all Android versions, (2) the product testing results have a validity rate of 89.2% according to subject matter experts and 86.5% according to media experts in the product validity table. These results fall into the highly feasible category, meaning they do not require revisions and can be implemented in the learning process. Therefore, the developed learning media is highly feasible. (3) The effectiveness test of the product falls into the category of moderately effective in small and large-scale trials, with percentages of 61.82% and 69.16%, respectively. (4) The difference in student learning outcomes, with an average pre-test score of 86 and a post-test score of 53, shows a significance value greater than the t-critical value (21.03845 > 1.699 at α = 0.05), which leads to the conclusion that the use of Android-based interactive learning media in the eighth grade can improve student learning outcomes.
A comparative study of the cryo-EM structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)
Authors: Vazquez-Fernandez Ester , Yang Jing , Zhang Ziguo , Andreeva Antonina E , Emsley Paul , Barford David
Published: August 2024

The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a large multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through the cell cycle by orchestrating the timely proteolysis of mitotic cyclins and other cell cycle regulatory proteins. Although structures of multiple human APC/C complexes have been extensively studied over the past decade, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae APC/C has been less extensively investigated. Here, we describe medium resolution structures of three S. cerevisiae APC/C complexes: unphosphorylated apo-APC/C and the ternary APC/CCDH1-substrate complex, and phosphorylated apo-APC/C. Whereas the overall architectures of human and S. cerevisiae APC/C are conserved, as well as the mechanism of CDH1 inhibition by CDK-phosphorylation, specific variations exist, including striking differences in the mechanism of coactivator-mediated stimulation of E2 binding, and the activation of APC/CCDC20 by phosphorylation. In contrast to human APC/C in which coactivator induces a conformational change of the catalytic module APC2:APC11 to allow E2 binding, in S. cerevisiae apo-APC/C the catalytic module is already positioned to bind E2. Furthermore, we find no evidence of a phospho-regulatable auto-inhibitory segment of APC1, that in the unphosphorylated human APC/C, sterically blocks the CDC20C-box binding site of APC8. Thus, although the functions of APC/C are conserved from S. cerevisiae to humans, molecular details relating to their regulatory mechanisms differ.
On the pH-dependence of α-synuclein amyloid polymorphism and the role of secondary nucleation in seed-based amyloid propagation
Authors: Frey Lukas , Ghosh Dhiman , Qureshi Bilal M , Rhyner David , Guerrero-Ferreira Ricardo , Pokharna Aditya , Kwiatkowski Witek , Serdiuk Tetiana , Picotti Paola , Riek Roland , Greenwald Jason
Published: August 2024

The aggregation of the protein α-synuclein is closely associated with several neurodegenerative disorders and as such the structures of the amyloid fibril aggregates have high scientific and medical significance. However, there are dozens of unique atomic-resolution structures of these aggregates, and such a highly polymorphic nature of the α-synuclein fibrils hampers efforts in disease-relevant
in vitro
studies on α-synuclein amyloid aggregation. In order to better understand the factors that affect polymorph selection, we studied the structures of α-synuclein fibrils
in vitro
as a function of pH and buffer using cryo-EM helical reconstruction. We find that in the physiological range of pH 5.8-7.4 a pH- dependent selection between Types 1, 2 and 3 polymorphs occurs. Our results indicate that even in the presence of seeds, the polymorph selection during aggregation is highly dependent on the buffer conditions, attributed to the non-polymorph-specific nature of secondary nucleation. We also uncovered two new polymorphs that occur at pH 7.0 in phosphate-buffered saline. The first is a monofilament Type 1 fibril that highly resembles the structure of the juvenile-onset synucleinopathy polymorph found in patient-derived material. The second is a new Type 5 polymorph that resembles a polymorph that has been recently reported in a study that used diseased tissues to seed aggregation. Taken together, our results highlight the shallow amyloid energy hypersurface that can be altered by subtle changes in the environment, including the pH which is shown to play a major role in polymorph selection and in many cases appears to be the determining factor in seeded aggregation. The results also suggest the possibility of producing disease-relevant structure
in vitro
.
Dynamic stacking ensemble for cross-language code smell detection
Authors: Aljamaan Hamoud
Published: August 2024

Code smells refer to poor design and implementation choices by software engineers that might affect the overall software quality. Code smells detection using machine learning models has become a popular area to build effective models that are capable of detecting different code smells in multiple programming languages. However, the process of building of such effective models has not reached a state of stability, and most of the existing research focuses on Java code smells detection. The main objective of this article is to propose dynamic ensembles using two strategies, namely greedy search and backward elimination, which are capable of accurately detecting code smells in two programming languages (i.e., Java and Python), and which are less complex than full stacking ensembles. The detection performance of dynamic ensembles were investigated within the context of four Java and two Python code smells. The greedy search and backward elimination strategies yielded different base models lists to build dynamic ensembles. In comparison to full stacking ensembles, dynamic ensembles yielded less complex models when they were used to detect most of the investigated Java and Python code smells, with the backward elimination strategy resulting in less complex models. Dynamic ensembles were able to perform comparably against full stacking ensembles with no significant detection loss. This article concludes that dynamic stacking ensembles were able to facilitate the effective and stable detection performance of Java and Python code smells over all base models and with less complexity than full stacking ensembles.
Optimizing Indonesian Tax Collection with Effectiveness and Efficiency Analysis through Transformation to Improve National Welfare
Authors: Priyono Agus Puji , Nisa Farhatun , Dwijayanti Anggraeni
Published: August 2024

This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach using secondary data obtained through observation and documentation to gain in-depth insight into the effectiveness and efficiency of tax collection in Indonesia for the 2018-2022 period and interviews with academics and practitioners in the field of taxation are also carried out for in-depth analysis of tax reform that supports the results of data on increases and decreases related to effectiveness and efficiency that have been carried out. The result is that from 2021 to 2022 the effectiveness in tax collection is declared effective, while from 2018 to 2020 it is ineffective where the lowest ratio occurs in 2019 at 0.84. During 2018-2022, the realization of DGT's budget expenditure is smaller than the budget plan set in the APBN, which shows that the use of DGT's budget expenditure is considered efficient where the variance value shows that the absorption of the planned budget is efficient. Various reforms to improve efficiency and effectiveness in tax policy, revenue supervision, and law enforcement in Indonesia such as the introduction of the functional position of tax extension officer for taxpayer education and consultation, Compliance Risk Management (CRM) supervision system is also implemented to map taxpayer risks, Tax policy includes digital tax and incentives and governance transformation to improve taxpayer compliance. Tax audit, comprehensively supervised ‘special audit’ aimed at improving work effectiveness.
Robust Sahel drought due to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation in CMIP5 simulations
Authors: Villamayor Julián , Mohino Elsa
Published: January 2015

Many studies address the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) as a modulator of climate in several regions all over the globe. However, very few suggest that it has an impact on Sahel rainfall low‐frequency variability. This work shows the relevance of such connection, supported by a robust response of state‐of‐the‐art global climate models, involved in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Our results reveal that the positive phase of the IPO has a negative impact on Sahel rainfall anomalies regardless of the externally forced changes induced by anthropogenic gases. Such relationship is stronger for those models in which sea surface temperatures associated with the positive phase of the IPO show warmer anomalies over the tropical Pacific. Therefore, we suggest the importance of a skillful simulation of IPO to improve decadal prediction of Sahel rainfall and to better understand its variability.
A new mixed‐mode failure criterion for weak snowpack layers
Authors: Reiweger I. , Gaume J. , Schweizer J.
Published: January 2015

The failure of a weak snow layer is the first in a series of processes involved in dry‐snow slab avalanche release. The nature of the initial failure within the weak layer is not yet fully understood but widely debated. The knowledge of the failure criterion is essential for developing avalanche release models and hence for avalanche hazard assessment. Yet different release models assume contradictory criteria as input parameters. We analyzed loading experiments on snow failure performed in a cold laboratory with samples containing a persistent weak snow layer of either faceted crystal, depth hoar, or buried surface hoar. The failure behavior of these layers can be described well with a modified Mohr‐Coulomb model accounting for the possible compressive failure of snow. We consequently propose a new mixed‐mode shear‐compression failure criterion that can be used in avalanche release models.
Anomalous eddy heat and freshwater transport in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Lyman John M. , Johnson Gregory C.
Published: January 2015

Characteristics of eddies in the Gulf of Alaska are assessed from January 2003 through April 2012. Ensemble statistics for eddy subsurface water properties on isopycnals are computed using temperature and salinity profiles from Argo profiling floats located within eddies, which are identified in sea‐surface height using objective techniques. Ninety cyclonic and 154 anticyclonic eddies are identified during this period. The anticyclonic eddies are strongly nonlinear and exhibit significant warm subsurface temperature anomalies and associated salty anomalies on isopycnals while no clear distinguishing subsurface anomalies on isopycnals are detected in association with the cyclonic eddies. Heat and freshwater fluxes for the eddies are estimated from integrations in depth coordinates. The anticyclonic eddies transport heat both westward off the continental shelf into the Subarctic Gyre and westward within the Alaskan Stream. However, they transport salt into the Subarctic Gyre and freshwater within the Alaskan Stream. In both pathways eddy heat and freshwater transport show possible year‐to‐year fluctuations, varying from 0 to 50.4 × 1018 J a−1 and −16.8 to +7.4 km3 a−1, respectively. The anticyclonic eddies are capped by relatively fresh water year‐round.
Drivers of deep‐water renewal events observed over 13 years in the South Basin of Lake Baikal
Authors: Tsimitri Chrysanthi , Rockel Burkhardt , Wüest Alfred , Budnev Nikolay M. , Sturm Michael , Schmid Martin
Published: January 2015

Lake Baikal, with a depth of 1637 m, is characterized by deep‐water intrusions that bridge the near‐surface layer to the hypolimnion. These episodic events transfer heat and oxygen over large vertical scales and maintain the permanent temperature stratified deep‐water status of the lake. Here we evaluate a series of intrusion events that reached the bottom of the lake in terms of the stratification and the wind conditions under which they occurred and provide a new insight into the triggering mechanisms. We make use of long‐term temperature and current meter data (2000–2013) recorded in the South Basin of the lake combined with wind data produced with a regional downscaling of the global NCEP‐RA1 reanalysis product. A total of 13 events were observed during which near‐surface cold water reached the bottom of the South Basin at 1350 m depth. We found that the triggering mechanism of the events is related to the time of the year that they take place. We categorized the events in three groups: (1) winter events, observed shortly before the complete ice cover of the lake that are triggered by Ekman coastal downwelling, (2) under‐ice events, and (3) spring events, that show no correlation to the wind conditions and are possibly connected to the increased spring outflow of the Selenga River.
Insights from modeling and observational evaluation of a precipitating continental cumulus event observed during the MC3E field campaign
Authors: Mechem David B. , Giangrande Scott E. , Wittman Carly S. , Borque Paloma , Toto Tami , Kollias Pavlos
Published: January 2015

A case of shallow cumulus and precipitating cumulus congestus sampled at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains supersite during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment is analyzed using a multisensor observational approach and numerical simulation. Observations from a new radar suite surrounding the facility are used to characterize the evolving statistical behavior of the precipitating cloud system. This is accomplished using distributions of different measures of cloud geometry and precipitation properties. Large‐eddy simulation (LES) with size‐resolved (bin) microphysics is employed to determine the forcings most important in producing the salient aspects of the cloud system captured in the radar observations. Our emphasis is on assessing the importance of time‐varying versus steady state large‐scale forcing on the model's ability to reproduce the evolutionary behavior of the cloud system. Additional consideration is given to how the characteristic spatial scale and homogeneity of the forcing imposed on the simulation influences the evolution of cloud system properties. Results indicate that several new scanning radar estimates such as distributions of cloud top are useful to differentiate the value of time‐varying (or at least temporally well‐matched) forcing on LES solution fidelity.
Body wave extraction and tomography at Long Beach, California, with ambient‐noise interferometry
Authors: Nakata Nori , Chang Jason P. , Lawrence Jesse F. , Boué Pierre
Published: January 2015

We retrieve P diving waves by applying seismic interferometry to ambient‐noise records observed at Long Beach, California, and invert travel times of these waves to estimate 3‐D P wave velocity structure. The ambient noise is recorded by a 2‐D dense and large network, which has about 2500 receivers with 100 m spacing. Compared to surface wave extraction, body wave extraction is a much greater challenge because ambient noise is typically dominated by surface wave energy. For each individual receiver pair, the cross‐correlation function obtained from ambient‐noise data does not show clear body waves. Although we can reconstruct body waves when we stack correlation functions over all receiver pairs, we need to extract body waves at each receiver pair separately for imaging spatial heterogeneity of subsurface structure. Therefore, we employ two filters after correlation to seek body waves between individual receiver pairs. The first filter is a selection filter based on the similarity between each correlation function and the stacked function. After selecting traces containing stronger body waves, we retain about two million correlation functions (35% of all correlation functions) and successfully preserve most of body wave energy in the retained traces. The second filter is a noise suppression filter to enhance coherent energy (body waves here) and suppress incoherent noise in each trace. After applying these filters, we can reconstruct clear body waves from each virtual source. As an application of using extracted body waves, we estimate 3‐D P wave velocities from these waves with travel time tomography. This study is the first body wave tomography result obtained from only ambient noise recorded at the ground surface. The velocity structure estimated from body waves has higher resolution than estimated from surface waves.
Interplay Between Side Chain Pattern, Polymer Aggregation, and Charge Carrier Dynamics in PBDTTPD:PCBM Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Dyer‐Smith Clare , Howard Ian A. , Cabanetos Clément , El Labban Abdulrahman , Beaujuge Pierre M. , Laquai Frédéric
Published: January 2015

Poly(benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene–alt–thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione) (PBDTTPD) polymer donors with linear side‐chains yield bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of about 4% with phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the acceptor, while a PBDTTPD polymer with a combination of branched and linear substituents yields a doubling of the PCE to 8%. Using transient optical spectroscopy it is shown that while the exciton dissociation and ultrafast charge generation steps are not strongly affected by the side chain modifications, the polymer with branched side chains exhibits a decreased rate of nongeminate recombination and a lower fraction of sub‐nanosecond geminate recombination. In turn the yield of long‐lived charge carriers increases, resulting in a 33% increase in short circuit current (J
sc). In parallel, the two polymers show distinct grazing incidence X‐ray scattering spectra indicative of the presence of stacks with different orientation patterns in optimized thin‐film BHJ devices. Independent of the packing pattern the spectroscopic data also reveals the existence of polymer aggregates in the pristine polymer films as well as in both blends which trap excitons and hinder their dissociation.
Calcium channel blocker attenuated opioid withdrawal syndrome
Authors: Shimatani Tatsutoshi , Adachi Hiroshi , Mihashi Hiroyuki , Usumoto Noriko , Yoshimoto Kohei , Ayukawa Katsuhiko
Published: January 2015

Case

A 61‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with deep cervical abscess and enlarged mediastinal abscess. These required a protracted period of mechanical ventilation and neck and thoracic drainage surgery with daily wound lavage, necessitating the administration of large amounts of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine. After extubation, fentanyl was discontinued but dexmedetomidine was continued, and she developed hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hyperthermia within several hours; therefore, she was diagnosed with opioid withdrawal syndrome. Her symptoms failed to improve with either an increased dexmedetomidine dose or a diltiazem infusion for symptomatic management. Ultimately, 20 mg nifedipine was given through a nasogastric tube, which led to a resolution of withdrawal symptoms.

Outcome

This is the first case of calcium channel blockers attenuating opioid withdrawal syndrome symptoms in a human.

Conclusion

Calcium channel blockers might be alternative therapy to refractory opioid withdrawal syndrome. Case accumulation in the future is expected.
Relic photon temperature versus redshift and the cosmic neutrino background
Authors: Hofmann Ralf
Published: January 2015

Presuming that CMB photons are described by the deconfining phase of an SU(2) Yang‐Mills theory with the critical temperature for the deconfining‐preconfining phase transition matching the present CMB temperature K (SU(2)CMB), we investigate how CMB temperature T connects with the cosmological scale factor a in a Friedmann‐Lemaître‐Robertson‐Walker Universe. Owing to a violation of conformal scaling at late times, the tension between the (instantaneous) redshift of reionisation from CMB observation () and quasar spectra () is repealed. Also, we find that the redshift of CMB decoupling moves from to which questions ΛCDM cosmology at high redshifts. Adapting this model to the conventional physics of three flavours of massless cosmic neutrinos, we demonstrate inconsistency with the value Neff ∼ 3.36 extracted from Planck data. Interactions between cosmic neutrinos and the CMB implies a common temperature T of (no longer separately conserved) CMB and neutrino fluids. Neff ∼ 3.36 then entails a universal, temperature induced cosmic neutrino mass with . Our above results on zre and zdec, derived from SU(2)CMB alone, are essentially unaffected when including such a neutrino sector.

image
Nanometer‐Scale Water‐ and Proton‐Diffusion Heterogeneities across Water Channels in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes
Authors: Song Jinsuk , Han Oc Hee , Han Songi
Published: January 2015

Nafion, the most widely used polymer for electrolyte membranes (PEMs) in fuel cells, consists of a fluorocarbon backbone and acidic groups that, upon hydration, swell to form percolated channels through which water and ions diffuse. Although the effects of the channel structures and the acidic groups on water/ion transport have been studied before, the surface chemistry or the spatially heterogeneous diffusivity across water channels has never been shown to directly influence water/ion transport. By the use of molecular spin probes that are selectively partitioned into heterogeneous regions of the PEM and Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization relaxometry, this study reveals that both water and proton diffusivity are significantly faster near the fluorocarbon and the acidic groups lining the water channels than within the water channels. The concept that surface chemistry at the (sub)nanometer scale dictates water and proton diffusivity invokes a new design principle for PEMs.
Reversible Rekonfiguration von DNA‐Origami‐Nanosystemen und deren Beobachtung mittels FRET‐Einzelmolekülanalyse
Authors: Saccà Barbara , Ishitsuka Yuji , Meyer Rebecca , Sprengel Andreas , Schöneweiß Elisa‐Charlott , Nienhaus G. Ulrich , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: January 2015

Die Methoden der DNA‐Nanotechnologie gehören heutzutage zu den am weitesten fortgeschrittenen Verfahren zur räumlich und zeitlich kontrollierten Manipulation chemischer Systeme im Nanometerbereich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnten wir durch eine Kombination von DNA‐Origami‐Strukturen, welche räumlich definiert adressiert werden können, mit schaltbaren und dabei mechanische Bewegung auslösenden DNA‐Motiven neuartige dynamisch rekonfigurierbare DNA‐Nanokapselsysteme erzeugen. Die Dynamik des Systems wurde dabei durch eine reversible Streckung bzw. Kontraktion der zentralen Kavität in der DNA‐Nanostruktur erzeugt und konnte mittels eines distanzabhängigen Energietransfers zwischen zwei in der Struktur integrierten Fluorophoren über FRET‐Einzelmolekülanalysen gemessen werden. Interessanterweise zeigten diese Messungen, dass die Kinetik der einzelnen Umlagerungsprozesse stark von den verwendeten Strukturmotiven und/oder Aktuatorsequenzen abhängig war, wodurch eine besondere Eignung von FRET‐Einzelmolekülanalysen zur Optimierung der Dynamikeigenschaften großer DNA‐Nanostrukturen unterstrichen wird. Dabei glauben wir, dass die hier gezeigten DNA‐Nanosysteme in der Zukunft als Modellstrukturen für artifizielle, biomimetische Kompartimente oder Transportsysteme dienen könnten.
Phosphine‐Initiated Cation Exchange for Precisely Tailoring Composition and Properties of Semiconductor Nanostructures: Old Concept, New Applications
Authors: Gui Jing , Ji Muwei , Liu Jiajia , Xu Meng , Zhang Jiatao , Zhu Hesun
Published: January 2015

Phosphine‐initiated cation exchange is a well‐known inorganic chemistry reaction. In this work, different phosphines have been used to modulate the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the cation exchange reaction to synthesize complex semiconductor nanostructures. Besides preserving the original shape and size, phosphine‐initiated cation exchange reactions show potential to precisely tune the crystallinity and composition of metal/semiconductor core–shell and doped nanocrystals. Furthermore, systematic studies on different phosphines and on the elementary reaction mechanisms have been performed.
Linking Deltahedral Zintl Clusters with Conjugated Organic Building Blocks: Synthesis and Characterization of the Zintl Triad [R‐Ge9‐CHCHCHCH‐Ge9‐R]4−
Authors: Bentlohner Manuel M. , Klein Wilhelm , Fard Zohreh H. , Jantke Laura‐Alice , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: January 2015

The accessibility of triads with deltahedral Zintl clusters in analogy to fullerene–linker–fullerene triads is another example for the close relationship between fullerenes and Zintl clusters. The compound {[K(2.2.2‐crypt)]4[RGe9‐CHCHCHCH‐Ge9R]}(toluene)2 (R=(2Z,4E)‐7‐amino‐5‐aza‐hepta‐2,4‐dien‐2‐yl), containing two deltahedral [Ge9] clusters linked by a conjugated (1Z,3Z)‐buta‐1,3‐dien‐1,4‐diyl bridge, was synthesized through the reaction of 1,4‐bis(trimethylsilyl)butadiyne with K4Ge9 in ethylenediamine and crystallized after the addition of 2.2.2‐cryptand and toluene. The compound was characterized by single‐crystal structure analysis as well asNMR and IR spectroscopy.
Fluorescence Microscopy Visualization of Contacts Between Objects
Authors: Suhina Tomislav , Weber Bart , Carpentier Chantal E. , Lorincz Kinga , Schall Peter , Bonn Daniel , Brouwer Albert M.
Published: January 2015

The area of contact between two objects was detected by using the strong enhancement of the fluorescence of rigidochromic probe molecules attached to one of the surfaces. Confinement of the molecules suppresses nonradiative decay and turns on the fluorescence. The approach is demonstrated by imaging of the contact area of a plastic sphere in contact with a flat glass surface. Our results agree excellently with the prediction of Hertz’s classical theory based on elastic deformation.
Probing Bis‐FeIV MauG: Experimental Evidence for the Long‐Range Charge‐Resonance Model
Authors: Geng Jiafeng , Davis Ian , Liu Aimin
Published: January 2015

The biosynthesis of tryptophan tryptophylquinone, a protein‐derived cofactor, involves a long‐range reaction mediated by a bis‐FeIV intermediate of a diheme enzyme, MauG. Recently, a unique charge‐resonance (CR) phenomenon was discovered in this intermediate, and a biological, long‐distance CR model was proposed. This model suggests that the chemical nature of the bis‐FeIV species is not as simple as it appears; rather, it is composed of a collection of resonance structures in a dynamic equilibrium. Here, we experimentally evaluated the proposed CR model by introducing small molecules to, and measuring the temperature dependence of, bis‐FeIV MauG. Spectroscopic evidence was presented to demonstrate that the selected compounds increase the decay rate of the bis‐FeIV species by disrupting the equilibrium of the resonance structures that constitutes the proposed CR model. The results support this new CR model and bring a fresh concept to the classical CR theory.
Anomalous Nuclear Overhauser Effects in Carbon‐Substituted Aziridines: Scalar Cross‐Relaxation of the First Kind
Authors: Kuprov Ilya , Hodgson David M. , Kloesges Johannes , Pearson Christopher I. , Odell Barbara , Claridge Timothy D. W.
Published: January 2015

Anomalous NOESY cross‐peaks that cannot be explained by dipolar cross‐relaxation or chemical exchange are described for carbon‐substituted aziridines. The origin of these is identified as scalar cross‐relaxation of the first kind, as demonstrated by a complete theoretical description of this relaxation process and by computational simulation of the NOESY spectra. It is shown that this process relies on the stochastic modulation of J‐coupling by conformational transitions, which in the case of aziridines arise from inversion at the nitrogen center. The observation of scalar cross‐relaxation between protons does not appear to have been previously reported for NOESY spectra. Conventional analysis would have assigned the cross‐peaks as being indicative of a chemical exchange process occurring between correlated spins, were it not for the fact that the pairs of nuclei displaying them cannot undergo such exchange.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Monodisperse Poly(ethylene glycols) and Derivatives through Macrocyclization of Oligo(ethylene glycols)
Authors: Zhang Hua , Li Xuefei , Shi Qiuyan , Li Yu , Xia Guiquan , Chen Long , Yang Zhigang , Jiang Zhong‐Xing
Published: January 2015

A macrocyclic sulfate (MCS)‐based approach to monodisperse poly(ethylene glycols) (M‐PEGs) and their monofunctionalized derivatives has been developed. Macrocyclization of oligo(ethylene glycols) (OEGs) provides MCS (up to a 62‐membered macrocycle) as versatile precursors for a range of monofunctionalized M‐PEGs. Through iterative nucleophilic ring‐opening reactions of MCS without performing group protection and activation, a series of M‐PEGs, including the unprecedented 64‐mer (2850 Da), can be readily prepared. Synthetic simplicity coupled with versatility of this new strategy may pave the way for broader applications of M‐PEGs.
Toward robust history matching of a giant carbonate gas‐condensate reservoir
Authors: Ghadami Nader , Rasaei M. Reza , Hejri Shahab
Published: January 2015

Carbonate reservoirs are highly heterogeneous and require considerable effort to characterize and model. This is because of complex depositional and diagenetic processes involved in their formation.

This paper presents and discusses a systematic methodology that leads to a sound full‐field dynamic model such that its behavior is closed to the field historical records without much interfering the model. The methodology was applied to a giant carbonate gas‐condensate reservoir characterized by several heterogeneous layers. Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy studies were performed to capture the heterogeneity and selection of geological zones and subzones.

Prior to construction of the field simulation model, single‐well modeling was conducted and tuned to well test data to target several objectives. These included evaluation of formation capacity (kh) and skin factor/non‐Darcy effect as deducted from a match to drill stem test (DST) results. The effect of skin factor (S) and non‐Darcy coefficient (D) on flow performance in the framework of sensitivity analysis was followed. Boost factors were obtained to upscale the core averaged kh to that of well test and used in the full‐field dynamic model.

The dynamic model was upscaled using production logging tool/DST data and incorporating the concept of hydraulic flow zone unit. The objective of tracking model coherency throughout the upscaling process was followed. The initial gas in place closely matched that of the static model. With the approach used in the current work, the data matching process took minimum effort. In addition, the model although of a relatively considerable size required short computing time for all forecast scenarios. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of alginate beads filled with nanohydroxyapatite: An efficient approach for fluoride sorption
Authors: Pandi Kalimuthu , Viswanathan Natrayasamy
Published: January 2015

Nanohydroxyapatite (n‐HAp) powder is a promising adsorbent material with high defluoridation capacity (DC); however, it causes pressure drop during field applications. To overcome such problems and utilize the advantages of n‐HAp, it is aimed to prepare n‐HAp in a usable bead form with the support of alginate (Alg) biopolymer. n‐HApAlgLa composite beads were synthesized by introducing n‐HAp powder in Alg polymeric gel, and the resulting solution was dropped into La3+ ions for crosslinking. Defluoridation experiments were carried out in batch mode to optimize various influencing parameters like contact time, pH, challenger anions, initial fluoride concentrations, and temperature. The beads were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray analyzer analysis. The sorption process was explained using diverse isotherms and kinetic models. The values of thermodynamic parameters indicate that the nature of fluoride is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. In field studies, n‐HApAlgLa beads reduce the fluoride concentration below the tolerance limit. The regeneration and reusability studies were proposed to effectively use the sorbent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41937.
Taxation Challenges in Developing Countries
Authors: Carnahan Michael
Published: January 2015

A well‐functioning revenue system is a necessary condition for strong, sustained and inclusive economic development. However, the revenue systems in some developing countries have fundamental shortcomings. Using Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability assessment data, this article provides a summary of the revenue raising capabilities across 58 developing countries. Tax reforms or tax system changes need to be made mindful of that current capacity. The optimal choice of tax regime may be different when administrative capacity is low. The increasing globalisation of economic activity adds a further layer of complexity that developing countries need to manage in building and maintaining their revenue systems. Finally, any proposals to change the revenue system in a developing country need to recognise that, like developed countries, tax reforms are highly political endeavours.
Why Does the Government Fail to Improve the Living Conditions of Migrant Workers in Shanghai? Reflections on the Policies and the Implementations of Public Rental Housing under Neoliberalism
Authors: Shen Yang
Published: January 2015

How to get affordable housing is the primary concern of many peasant migrants working in Shanghai. Although the central government has issued a series of policies regarding migrant housing in recent years, they are merely rhetoric and incapable to meet migrant workers' needs. This article aims to interrogate why the public housing policy cannot solve migrant housing problems and what neoliberalism means in housing provision. It is argued that the neoliberal approaches embedded in public rental housing implementation show that the government prioritises public rental housing for the middle class, which is considered important to the economy, and ignores the others. The prioritisation gives rise to the failure of providing affordable housing to peasant migrant workers. Living in safe and affordable housing is vital to their well‐being and the sustainable economic growth in urban China. Policy advice is addressed in the conclusion.
Globalisation in Viet Nam: An Opportunity for Social Mobility?
Authors: Brand‐Weiner Ian , Francavilla Francesca , Olivari Mattia
Published: January 2015

Viet Nam's Doi Moi reforms opened the economy to the world and set structural transformations and society in motion. In this context, a relevant question is whether structural transformation has created new employment opportunities and facilitated upwards social mobility. Social mobility, captured by labour and income mobility, is a useful concept to measure the extent to which opportunities exist in a society. Using panel data, this article finds that Viet Nam's labour market shows some flexibility, but does not follow a clear trend. An expected predominance of the industrial and service sectors and wage employment could not be found. The income distribution is open, and four fifths of the households change their position. In essence, income mobility continues to follow traditional patterns: agriculture is still key to advance households' well‐being, especially in times of uncertainty. The structural changes are still not an important driving force for income mobility.
The Impact of Spatial Sampling and Migration on the Interpretation of Complex Archaeological Ground‐penetrating Radar Data
Authors: Verdonck Lieven , Taelman Devi , Vermeulen Frank , Docter Roald
Published: January 2015

In this paper, the impact of spatial sample density and three‐dimensional migration processing on the interpretation of archaeological ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data is assessed. First, the question of how to determine the sample interval required to take full advantage of the spatial resolution capabilities of GPR without oversampling is addressed. To this end, we transform a test profile into the frequency–wavenumber (f–k) domain and estimate the required sample interval from the wavenumber values. For the presented data set, collected at the Roman town Ammaia (Portugal), this resulted in a transect spacing approximately three times the distance prescribed by the λmin/4 criterion (where λmin is the minimum observed wavelength). Second, the effect of three‐dimensional migration is assessed. The data set, sampled as prescribed by the analysis of the f–k plot, is migrated with two‐ and three‐dimensional phase‐shift algorithms, and the migrated results are compared with non‐migrated data. It is shown that certain subtle features are better resolved by three‐dimensional migration. Third, it is investigated whether three‐dimensional migration following the application of an interpolation algorithm such as Delaunay triangulation or interpolation based on τ‐p transform, can further relax spatial sampling requirements. For the GPR data shown in this article, it is demonstrated that interpolation and three‐dimensional migration of slightly aliased data, collected with a transect spacing equal to five times the outcome of the λmin/4 criterion, still allow a faithful reconstruction of the original, non‐aliased time‐slices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ferrocenylethynyl‐Terminated Azobenzenes: Synthesis, Electrochemical, and Photoisomerization Studies
Authors: Yan Jian‐Feng , Lin Da‐Qiang , Wang Xin‐Gang , Wu Kai‐Qiang , Xie Li‐Li , Yuan Yao‐Feng
Published: January 2015

Ferrocenylethynyl‐terminated derivatives 8–12 have been synthesized and characterized by electrochemistry and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The electrochemical and photophysical studies indicate that the electronic communication in ferrocenylethynyl‐substituted derivatives is strongly influenced by the substituted position of the ferrocenylethynyl moiety. In situ electrochemical oxidation or chemical oxidation caused a characteristically weak ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer (LMCT) band to appear at 700–1000 nm. Subsequent electrochemical reduction or chemical reduction recovered the most of the original curve and the color of the solution as well. Among the derivatives, compound 8 exhibits the highest cis/trans molar ratio (64:36) in the photostationary state (PSS) upon light irradiation at 365 nm. Compound 8 exhibits excellent fatigue resistance and reversibility under several repeated reversible isomerization cycles.
Rational Design of Selenadiazole Derivatives to Antagonize Hyperglycemia‐Induced Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Yuedan , Luo Yi , Li Xiaoling , Zheng Wenjie , Chen Tianfeng
Published: January 2015

Hyperglycemia is an important factor for chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with diabetes to therapeutics. In the present study, a series of selenadiazole derivatives have been rationally designed, synthesized, and found be able to antagonize drug resistance in HepG2 cells to doxorubicin (DOX) under simulated diabetes conditions. Hyperglycemia could promote the cell proliferation through upregulation of ERK and AKT phosphorylation. However, the synthetic selenadiazole derivatives effectively potentiated the cellular uptake of DOX and enhanced the antiproliferative activity of DOX on HepG2 cells by induction of apoptosis, via regulation of ROS‐mediated AMPK activation, inhibition of mTORC1, and an increase in DNA damage. The selenadiazole derivatives that possess an increased lipophilicity could enhance the cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy of DOX. Taken together, this study provides a rational design strategy of selenadiazole derivatives to overcome hyperglycemia‐induced drug resistance.
Robust Parameter Dependent Receding Horizon H∞ Control of Flexible Air‐Breathing Hypersonic Vehicles with Input Constraints
Authors: Qin Weiwei , Liu Jieyu , Liu Gang , He Bing , Wang Lixin
Published: January 2015

This paper describes the design of a robust parameter dependent receding horizon H∞ controller (PD‐RHHC) for a flexible air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle (ABHSV) model. Because of the complexity and uncertainty of the model of the vehicle dynamics, few control strategies take constraints into account in the computation of the control law. The objective of the current research is to develop a controller design method that can accommodate input saturation. In this paper, starting from the analytical nonlinear dynamic model with aerothermoelastic mode dynamics, a linear parameter varying (LPV) model is obtained by an improved functional substitution method. Tensor product (TP) model transformation technology is then applied to obtain the polytopic representations of the LPV model. Based on the gain‐scheduling method, a novel parameter dependent receding horizon control algorithm by convex optimization solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is presented, which provides stable tracking of the velocity and altitude reference trajectories. The proposed control strategy not only addresses the issue of robustness stability with respect to parametric model uncertainty and aerothermoelastic mode, but also explicitly deals with input constraints and guarantees that the control inputs are within their limits. Finally, the numerical simulation results prove the availability of the proposed method.