bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacto y oportunidades de biorrefinería de los desechos agrícolas del cultivo de piña (Ananas comosus) en Costa Rica
Authors: Hernández Chaverri Rodolfo Antonio , Prado Barragán Lilia Arely
Published: September 2018

Costa Rica es el principal exportador mundial de piña fresca (Ananas comosus); asociado a la producción agrícola de la piña, viene el tema de los residuos agrícolas y el interés en el rastrojo de piña como principal material de descarte. Hicimos una estimación de la biomasa que se genera de rastrojo de piña, los costos asociados con el manejo en campo e identificamos el tratamiento actual que se da a este residuo; además de un análisis inicial de fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas. Estimamos que la biomasa de rastrojo de piña para 43 000Ha actuales de cultivo es de 4,282 x 106 ton/año en base húmeda (640 mil ton/año base seca). Los costos asociados para la gestión en el campo del rastrojo de piña oscilan entre US$ 1 000 y US$ 2 500 por hectárea, dependiendo del tipo de manejo; en seco (secado químico con Paraquat) o manejo en verde (trituración de la planta verde) y su incorporación al terreno. Dentro de la economía de exportación de productos agrícolas es la segunda mayor, detrás del banano, ya que se exportan más de US$ 900 millones al año (2017), lo cual hace que existan oportunidades de mejora en el manejo y aprovechamiento de esta biomasa, y se deba valorar el estudio a mayor profundidad del desarrollo de un proceso de biorrefinería para la obtención de productos de mayor valor agregado como biocombustibles, energía, biomoléculas, entre otros. Es importante que los procesos de biorrefinería que se propongan se integren en modelos de ecología industrial o economía circular, para minimizar la producción de gases de efecto invernadero y permitir la seguridad alimentaria en las regiones, con la finalidad de alcanzar los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible.
El género Crenitulus en Venezuela (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) con descripción de doce nuevas especies
Authors: García R. Mauricio M.
Published: September 2018

Los escarabajos del género Crenitulus han sido reportados para la región Neotropical y Australia. En Venezuela este género era desconocido completamente, y lo registro por primera vez en esta investigación. Describo doce nuevas especies de la familia Hydrophilidae pertenecientes al género Crenitulus en Venezuela. Se registra por primera vez en Venezuela con: Crenitulus amazonensis sp. nov., C. camachoi sp. nov., C. cherylae sp. nov., C. diferentis sp. nov., C. gamboa sp. nov., C. maluz sp. nov., C. marialuisae sp. nov., C. megnai sp. nov., C. nayariyaleskiae sp. nov., C. negrus sp. nov., C. perijanus sp. nov. C. venezuelensis sp. nov. y C. suturalis, colectadas en tres microhábitats: higropetrico, madi y ramentum. Se ilustran los habitus, órganos genitales, escleritos toráxicos y apéndices cefálicos. Se presenta una clave para identificar las especies y un mapa para la ubicación geográfica de las especies en Venezuela.
Actividad antimicrobiana del aceite de naranja residual
Authors: Castañeda-Antonio Dolores , Rivera-Tapia Antonio , Choy Flores Esther , Munguía-Pérez Ricardo , Portillo-Reyes Roberto , Muñoz Jesús
Published: September 2018

El residuo de la cáscara de naranja es un contaminante común en México, a pesar de que puede usarse en las áreas cosmética, farmacéutica y alimenticia. Extrajimos el aceite de naranja a partir de cáscara residual y determinamos sus compuestos químicos y su actividad antimicrobiana. Utilizamos la destilación Soxhlet, extracción líquido-líquido y extracción de prensado, y cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). Usamos una técnica de Kirby & Bauer modificada en Acremonium sp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Trichoderma sp. y Verticillium sp. El método Soxhlet fue el más eficiente (2,065%). Observamos valores de inhibición de 75% a 100% para S. aureus y P. auroginosa; 75 a 100% para Candida albicans; y 50 a 74% para Pseudomonas auroginosa. Actuó como fungistático para todas las cepas. El perfil CG-MS fue: D-limoneno 85,93%, β-mirceno 2,23%, linalool 1,72%, decanal 0,63%, α-pineno 0,43% y sabineno 0,20% por μL de aceite por espacio de cabeza (Head-space) y por inyección directa (principales componentes: alcanos y alcohol perílico, D-limoneno y linalool).
Downward wage rigidity in American technology firms
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Yur-Austin Jasmine
Published: September 2018

This study reviews the role of various corporate governance mechanisms to pay for performance in American technology firms. Compared to traditional business leaders, CEOs in technology firms possess stronger power for negotiating with shareholders; such power theoretically lowers the chance of interest conflicts between management and control but may increase CEOs’ wage rigidity during business downturns, especially in firms with poor corporate governance. We evaluate ownership structure; board composition; and the existence of independent compensation committees throughout the dot-com bubble and bubble-burst periods. We aim to examine during the business downturn period whether these CEOs cut their compensation effectively or exercise their negotiation power to protect their own benefit. Our empirical results provide strong evidence that given poor firm performance, CEOs with weak corporate governance negotiate higher cash-based pay rather than reduce their compensations. However, we find that venture capitalists play an important role in monitoring CEOs and revising compensation.
Calculation of the mass stopping powers of medical, chemical, and industrial compounds and mixtures
Authors: Artun Ozan
Published: September 2018

We developed a new version of the X-PMSP program for estimating mass stopping powers in charged particle radiotherapy, shielding of nuclear reactors and particle accelerators, and medical and energetic radioisotope production. Accordingly, we calculated the mass stopping powers of important medical, industrial, and chemical compounds and mixtures defined by International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements using the X-PMSP program, to contribute to the existing literature and compared our results with those from the National Institute of Standards and Technology database. The application of this program, for particles in the energy range 10-50 MeV, will be especially important in the production of medical radioisotopes, as it reduces the maximum error rate to <5 % for proton, and to ~1.6 % for alpha particles. Furthermore, the maximum error rates in charged particle radiotherapy, at the energy range 1-250 MeV, are 8.2 % for protons, and 3.0 % for alpha particles.
Effect of Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine U100 on Hypoglycemia in Hispanic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the SWITCH 2 Trial
Authors: Chaykin Louis , Bhargava Anuj , de la Rosa Raymond , Wysham Carol H. , Nørgård Troelsen Lone , Østoft Signe H. , Philis-Tsimikas Athena
Published: September 2018

IN BRIEF Hispanic patients with type 2 diabetes have poorer glycemic control and are at higher risk of severe diabetes complications and mortality than non-Hispanic white patients. This post hoc analysis investigated the safety and efficacy of insulin degludec versus insulin glargine 100 units/mL (glargine U100) in the Hispanic patient subpopulation from the SWITCH 2 trial. In Hispanic patients, hypoglycemia was consistently lower and nocturnal hypoglycemia was significantly lower with degludec versus glargine U100 at similar levels of glycemic control. Overall, results in Hispanic patients in SWITCH 2 were consistent with those in non-Hispanic patients.
Haploinsufficiency of Insm1 Impairs Postnatal Baseline β-Cell Mass
Authors: Tao Weihua , Zhang Yao , Ma Lijuan , Deng Chujun , Duan Hualin , Liang Xuehua , Liao Rui , Lin Shaoqiang , Nie Tao , Chen Wanqun , Wang Cunchuan , Birchmeier Carmen , Jia Shiqi
Published: September 2018

Baseline β-cell mass is established during the early postnatal period when β-cells expand. In this study, we show that heterozygous ablation of Insm1 decreases baseline β-cell mass and subsequently impairs glucose tolerance. When exposed to a high-fat diet or on an ob/ob background, glucose intolerance was more severe in Insm1+/lacZ mice compared with Insm1+/+ mice, although no further decrease in the β-cell mass was detected. In islets of early postnatal Insm1+/lacZ mice, the cell cycle was prolonged in β-cells due to downregulation of the cell cycle gene Ccnd1. Although Insm1 had a low affinity for the Ccnd1 promoter compared with other binding sites, binding affinity was strongly dependent on Insm1 levels. We observed dramatically decreased binding of Insm1 to the Ccnd1 promoter after downregulation of Insm1 expression. Furthermore, downregulation of Ccnd1 resulted in a prolonged cell cycle, and overexpression of Ccnd1 rescued cell cycle abnormalities observed in Insm1-deficient β-cells. We conclude that decreases in Insm1 interfere with β-cell specification during the early postnatal period and impair glucose homeostasis during metabolic stress in adults. Insm1 levels are therefore a factor that can influence the development of diabetes.
Increased Expression of miR-483-3p Impairs the Vascular Response to Injury in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kuschnerus Kira , Straessler Elisabeth T. , Müller Maja F. , Lüscher Thomas F. , Landmesser Ulf , Kränkel Nicolle
Published: September 2018

Aggravated endothelial injury and impaired endothelial repair capacity contribute to the high cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Here we describe the functional role of a mature form of miRNA (miR) 483-3p, which limits endothelial repair capacity in patients with T2D. Expression of human (hsa)-miR-483-3p was higher in endothelial-supportive M2-type macrophages (M2MΦs) and in the aortic wall of patients with T2D than in control subjects without diabetes. Likewise, the murine (mmu)-miR-483* was higher in T2D than in nondiabetic murine carotid samples. Overexpression of miR-483-3p increased endothelial and macrophage apoptosis and impaired reendothelialization in vitro. The inhibition of hsa-miR-483-3p in human T2D M2MΦs transplanted to athymic nude mice (NMRI-Foxn1ν/Foxn1ν) or systemic inhibition of mmu-miR-483* in B6.BKS(D)-Leprdb/J diabetic mice rescued diabetes-associated impairment of reendothelialization in the murine carotid-injury model. We identified the endothelial transcription factor vascular endothelial zinc finger 1 (VEZF1) as a direct target of miR-483-3p. VEZF1 expression was reduced in aortae of diabetic mice and upregulated in diabetic murine aortae upon systemic inhibition of mmu-483*. The miRNA miR-483-3p is a critical regulator of endothelial integrity in patients with T2D and may represent a therapeutic target to rescue endothelial regeneration after injury in patients with T2D.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Increases β-Cell Regeneration by Promoting α- to β-Cell Transdifferentiation
Authors: Lee Young-Sun , Lee Changmi , Choung Jin-Seung , Jung Hye-Seung , Jun Hee-Sook
Published: September 2018

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) can increase pancreatic β-cells, and α-cells could be a source for new β-cell generation. We investigated whether GLP-1 increases β-cells through α-cell transdifferentiation. New β-cells originating from non–β-cells were significantly increased in recombinant adenovirus expressing GLP-1 (rAd-GLP-1)–treated RIP-CreER;R26-YFP mice. Proliferating α-cells were increased in islets of rAd-GLP-1–treated mice and αTC1 clone 9 (αTC1-9) cells treated with exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Insulin+glucagon+ cells were significantly increased by rAd-GLP-1 or exendin-4 treatment in vivo and in vitro. Lineage tracing to label the glucagon-producing α-cells showed a higher proportion of regenerated β-cells from α-cells in rAd-GLP-1–treated Glucagon-rtTA;Tet-O-Cre;R26-YFP mice than rAd producing β-galactosidase–treated mice. In addition, exendin-4 increased the expression and secretion of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in αTC1-9 cells and β-cell–ablated islets. FGF21 treatment of β-cell–ablated islets increased the expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 and neurogenin-3 and significantly increased insulin+glucagon+ cells. Generation of insulin+glucagon+ cells by exendin-4 was significantly reduced in islets transfected with FGF21 small interfering RNA or islets of FGF21 knockout mice. Generation of insulin+ cells by rAd-GLP-1 treatment was significantly reduced in FGF21 knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. We suggest that GLP-1 has an important role in α-cell transdifferentiation to generate new β-cells, which might be mediated, in part, by FGF21 induction.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND CONSTRAINTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW TERRITORY OF MOSCOW (SO-CALLED «NEW MOSCOW»)
Authors: Bityukova Viktoria R. , Koldobskaya Natalia A.
Published: September 2018

The article considers the main trends in the environmental situation in the New Moscow in connection with the acquisition of capital status and rapid population growth. The New Moscow is the territory annexed to Moscow as part of a large-scale project to expand the territory of Moscow at the expense of the Moscow oblast in July 2012. Under the influence of both hereditary and transformational factors, the situation in Moscow new adjoint area is rapidly deteriorating, and for Moscow in the old borders inherited factors are mostly negative for the formation of the environmental situation, and the transformation is in the direction of slow and gradual improvement.

In Moscow new adjoint area the structure of pollution sources is linked to the postindustrial type of cities (heating systems and other non-industrial sources, vehicles), as the most non-industrial part of the Moscow region was chosen to join the capital. The level of pollution is low, but the environmental efficiency is also low and the level of pollution is growing rapidly. The decline in production and structural changes in industry, as well as the growth of the car fleet, the change in traffic conditions along the roads, led to a change in the territorial proportions in atmospheric pollution in Moscow, both in the old and new boundaries, and the scale of housing construction in Moscow new adjoint area led to a pressure on water sources and changing natural landscapes.
ONLINE INTEGRATED MODELING ON REGIONAL SCALE IN NORTH-WEST RUSSIA: EVALUATION OF AEROSOLS INFLUENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Nerobelov Georgy , Sedeeva Margarita , Mahura Alexander , Nuterman Roman , Mostamandi Suleiman , Smyshlyaev Sergeii
Published: September 2018

In this study the aerosols influence on selected meteorological parameters during two summer 2010 periods is evaluated with focus on the North-West Russia and urban area of St. Petersburg. For that, the seamless fully online-integrated Enviro-HIRLAM model is used. The simulations are realised in short- and long-term modes for selected periods. For evaluation of aerosol influence, in addition to the control/ reference run, the runs with direct, indirect and both combined aerosol effects are performed.

It was found that for the North-West Russia region, the direct aerosol effect had increased air temperature (by 1-3˚) and decreased total cloud cover (by 10-20%). The indirect effect decreased temperature (by 0.4-1˚) and increased cloud cover (by 10-20%). The combined effect was the largest territorially; and such effect both decreased temperature and cloud cover (by 1-3˚ and by 6-20%, respectively) as well as increased these (by 0.4-0.6˚ and 1020%).
CHANGES IN TRENDS OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OVER URBAN AND BACKGROUND REGIONS OF EURASIA: ESTIMATES BASED ON SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Rakitin Vadim S. , Elansky Nikolai F. , Wang Pucai , Wang Gengchen , Pankratova Natalia V. , Shtabkin Yury A. , Skorokhod Andrey I. , Safronov Alexander N. , Makarova Maria V. , Grechko Eugeny I.
Published: September 2018

The analysis of the CO and CH4 total column (TC) as well as aerosol optical depth (AOD) data in urban and background regions of Eurasia for different seasons and periods from 1998 to 2016 years is presented. Trends estimates based on longterm spectroscopic datasets of OIAP RAS (Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences) for stations Moscow, Zvenigorod (ZSS, Moscow province), Zotino (ZOTTO, Central Siberia), Beijing (joint site of OIAP RAS and IAP CAS (Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)), SPbSU stations Peterhof and NDACC stations located in Eurasia were compared between themselves and with similar assessments obtained from satellite data. Significant decrease of anthropogenic CO in megacities Moscow (3.5±2.2%/yr) and Beijing (1.4±1.4%/yr) in autumn months of 1998−2016 were found according ground-based spectroscopic observations. In spite of total anthropogenic CO emissions decrease (for Europe and China) and absence of growth of wild-fires emissions in 2007−2016 we found that CO TC in background regions of Northern Eurasia has stabilized or increased in summer and autumn months of 2007−2016. Decrease of AOD over Central and Southern Europe and over China (1−5%/ yr) was observed after 2007. Since 2007 an increase in CH4 TC trends over Northern Europe as well as for tropical belt of Eurasia has been obtained. Analysis of satellite observations AIRS v6 of CO and CH4 TC and MODIS AOD data confirmed the ground-based estimates of trends.
Capacitación y posición social de los empleados públicos de la ciudad de México a comienzos del siglo XX
Authors: Barbosa Cruz Mario
Published: September 2018

En la segunda mitad del siglo XIX aumentó el número de escuelas y programas de capacitación administrativa para formar a funcionarios competentes técnicamente y para enfrentar las necesidades de la burocracia en crecimiento en la capital mexicana. Este artículo analiza qué tanto estas escuelas alimentaron la burocracia y posibilitaron el ascenso social de quienes buscaban integrarse como empleados y empleadas a la administración de la ciudad de México. La ponencia busca explorar los rasgos de distinción a partir de la posición social, la identificación como clases medias, el empleo y la apariencia de los funcionarios del gobierno de la ciudad de México en las primeras tres décadas del siglo XX.
Efectos del entrenamiento de la aptitud muscular sobre la adiposidad corporal y el desempeño motriz en niños y jóvenes: un meta-análisis.
Authors: Casas Ángel Adrián , Naclerio Fernando , Dopico Calvo Xurxo , García Christian
Published: September 2018

El propósito de este meta-análisis fue determinar la eficacia del efecto de entrenamiento de la aptitud muscular sobre el nivel de adiposidad y el rendimiento motriz en niños y jóvenes que no participan en deporte profesional y de alta competición. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en siete bases de datos electrónicas. Los estudios analizados fueron solo ensayos controlados que evaluaron los efectos del entrenamiento de la aptitud muscular sobre la adiposidad corporal (índice de masa corporal IMC; grasa corporal total GCT y adiposidad abdominal) y el desempeño motriz (salto en longitud sin carrera previa SL y lanzamiento de balón medicinal LMB) de niños y jóvenes. Dos evaluadores revisaron los estudios de forma independiente. Veintidós estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y fueron utilizados en este meta-análisis (n= 697). El tamaño del efecto (TE) fue calculado usando el estadístico de Cohen, índice de la familia d. El efecto global estimado para el IMC fue pequeño y el límite del intervalo superior fue >0 (n= 7, d= -0.12, IC  95% -0.35 a 0.10). En el caso de la grasa corporal el TE fue moderado (n= 8, d= -0.37, IC  95% -0.58 a -0.17), al igual que el rendimiento de  saltabilidad (n= 12, d= 0.54, IC 95% 0.36 a 0.72) y lanzamiento (n=4, d= 0.49, IC 95% 0.22 a 0.76). Los resultados de este meta-análisis sugieren que los programas de entrenamiento de la aptitud muscular son eficaces para reducir la adiposidad corporal e incrementar el desempeño motriz en la saltabilidad y el lanzamiento de niños y jóvenes que no participan en deporte profesional y de alta competición.
Educação física escolar sob o olhar dos alunos do ensino médio
Authors: Ripari Rennan , Barros Magda Jaciara Andrade de , Freitas Josiane Fujisawa Filus de , Leonardi Thiago José
Published: September 2018

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a opinião que o aluno tem sobre a Educação Física escolar. Especificamente procurou-se investigar as opiniões dos alunos do Ensino Médio a respeito das aulas de Educação Física e qual a importância da disciplina. Os dados foram coletados a partir da aplicação de um questionário contendo 14 questões a 205 alunos divididos entre 1º e 3º ano do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas e particulares da Região Metropolitana de Campinas, no Brasil. Com este estudo constatamos que na opinião dos alunos, a Educação Física é uma disciplina atrativa, porém não a consideram como uma das mais importantes.
Ævintýralegt jafnrétti. Starfendarannsókn í leikskóla
Authors: Hreiðarsdóttir Anna Elísa
Published: September 2018

Grein þessi fjallar um starfendarannsókn sem gerð var á deild fjögurra ára barna í leikskólanum Iðavelli, Akureyri, veturinn 2013–2014. Þá vann skólinn að þróunar verkefninu Ævintýralegt jafnrétti með styrk frá Sprotasjóði mennta- og menninga málaráðuneytisins og var höfundur greinarinnar verkefnisstjóri. Þróunarverkefnið bar heitið Ævintýralegt jafnrétti. Kynjahugmyndir leikskólabarna og miðaði að því að vinna markvisst með börnum að fjölbreyttum verkefnum tengdum kynhlutverkum og jafnrétti. Markmið starfendarannsóknarinnar var að ef la kennara sem fagmenn og auka færni þeirra til að þróa eigin starfshætti með því að fylgjast kerfisbundið með og endur skoða vinnuna við þróunarverkefnið, ekki síst þátttöku og framlag barnanna. Þátttakendur voru kennarar á deild fjögurra ára barna og börnin á deildinni. Gagnaöf lun fór fram með skráningu á fundum og viðtölum við kennara og börnin sjálf, sem og við samanburðarhóp barna. Um skráningar sáu kennarar og verkefnisstjórar með ljósmyndum og upptökum, og gögnum um verkefni barnanna var safnað markvisst. Niðurstöður sýna að kennarar urðu meðvitaðir bæði um eigin hugmyndir tengdar jafnrétti sem og viðfangsefni sem vinna má að með börnunum og það kom skýrt fram að frumkvæði kennara skipti miklu máli. Einnig má ráða af niðurstöðum að hæfni barna til gagnrýninnar umræðu jókst eftir því sem verkefninu f leytti fram en hún dalaði einnig hratt ef henni var ekki haldið við. Hluti af vinnu við verkefnið fólst í að vinna kennsluefni sem leikskólar geta nýtt sér. Kennsluefnið er í þremur hlutum. Einn þeirra er fyrir kennara, annar fyrir vinnu með foreldrum og loks eru verkefni til að vinna með börnum. Skýrslu um framgang þróunarverkefnisins var skilað til Sprotasjóðs og kennsluefnið er aðgengilegt á vef (Anna Elísa Hreiðarsdóttir, 2014; idavollur.is).
Effect of prednisolone administration on gallbladder emptying rate and gallbladder bile composition in dogs
Authors: Nagahara Takuro , Ohno Koichi , Kanemoto Hideyuki , Kakimoto Toshiaki , Fukushima Kenjiro , Goto-Koshino Yuko , Tsujimoto Hajime
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of prednisolone administration on gallbladder emptying rate and gallbladder bile composition in dogs.

ANIMALS 6 healthy Beagles.

PROCEDURES Prednisolone was administered (2 mg/kg, SC, once daily for 2 weeks) to each dog and tapered over 2 weeks. Gallbladder emptying rate and bile composition were evaluated before and after administration of prednisolone for 2 weeks as well as 1 week after cessation of prednisolone administration.

RESULTS Gallbladder emptying rate decreased significantly after prednisolone administration (median, 27%; range, 0% to 38%), compared with rate before administration (median, 59%; range, 29% to 68%), but then increased 1 week after cessation of administration (median, 45%; range, 23% to 48%). Gallbladder bile mucin concentration decreased significantly after prednisolone administration (median, 8.8 mg/dL; range, 6.2 to 11.3 mg/dL), compared with concentration before administration (median, 13.1 mg/dL; range, 10.7 to 21.7 mg/dL), but then increased 1 week after cessation of administration (median, 14.3 mg/dL; range, 9.6 to 26.7 mg/dL). Gallbladder taurochenodeoxycholic acid concentration decreased significantly after prednisolone administration (8.1 mmol/L; range, 6.8 to 15.2 mmol/L), compared with concentration before administration (median, 27.2 mmol/L; range, 22.0 to 31.9 mmol/L), but then increased 1 week after cessation of administration (median, 26.4 mmol/L; range, 15.1 to 31.5 mmol/L).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A lower gallbladder emptying rate caused by prednisolone administration may be involved in the pathogenesis of gallbladder disease in dogs. Further studies are required to determine the clinical importance of lower gallbladder bile mucin concentrations caused by glucocorticoid administration in the pathogenesis of gallbladder disease in dogs.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid in healthy cats after twice-daily intravenous infusion of mycophenolate mofetil for three days
Authors: Slovak Jennifer E. , Rivera-Velez Sol M. , Hwang Julianne K. , Villarino Nicolas F.
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the plasma disposition of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its derivatives MPA glucuronide and MPA glucoside after twice-daily infusions of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in healthy cats for 3 days and to assess the effect of MMF administration on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) counts and CD4+-to-CD8+ ratios.

ANIMALS 5 healthy adult cats.

PROCEDURES MMF was administered to each cat (10 mg/kg, IV, q 12 h for 3 days). Each dose of MMF was diluted with 5% dextrose in water and then administered over a 2-hour period with a syringe pump. Blood samples were collected for analysis. A chromatographic method was used to quantitate concentrations of MPA and its metabolites. Effects of MMF on PBMC counts and CD4+-to-CD8+ ratios were assessed by use of flow cytometry.

RESULTS All cats biotransformed MMF into MPA. The MPA area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to 14 hours ranged from 14.6 to 37.6 mg·h/L and from 14.4 to 22.3 mg·h/L after the first and last infusion, respectively. Total number of PBMCs was reduced in 4 of 5 cats (mean ± SD reduction, 25.9 ± 15.8% and 26.7 ± 19.3%) at 24 and 48 hours after the end of the first infusion of MMF, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Plasma disposition of MPA after twice-daily IV infusions for 3 days was variable in all cats. There were no remarkable changes in PBMC counts and CD4+-to-CD8+ ratios.
Histopathological Diagnostic Criteria for Non-invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features Highlighted by Six Illustrative Cases
Authors: Nechifor-Boilă Adela , Dee Edit , Borda Angela
Published: September 2018

Introduction. The encapsulated, non-invasive subtype of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) represents approximately 10% to 20% of all thyroid cancers. Many studies over the past decade have shown that these tumors carry an indolent clinical course, with no recurrence, even in patients treated by lobectomy. Their reclassification as neoplasms with “very low malignant potential” has recently been suggested by an international group of experts and a new terminology was proposed: “non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features” (NIFTP). However, a diagnosis of NIFTP is still challenging for many pathologists in daily practice. Presentation of case series. By presenting six illustrative cases of NIFTP, this article aims to highlight the diagnostic criteria and the burden difficulties when dealing with NIFTP cases. Characteristic histological features, inclusion and exclusion criteria for NIFTP, as well as sampling guidelines and differential diagnosis challenges are all discussed. Conclusions. The diagnosis of NIFTP is not straightforward and requires meeting strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total sampling of the tumor capsule in these cases is mandatory in order to exclude invasion (capsular and/or vascular). A diagnosis of NIFTP promotes a less-aggressive patient management that is, no need for completion thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine therapy.
Glomus Tumor of the Kidney: Case report
Authors: Dee Edith , Loghin Andrada , Toth Tamas , Năznean Adrian , Borda Angela
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Glomus tumors are rare benign mesenchymal neoplasms accounting for only 2% of all types of soft tissue tumors. Commonly located in the peripheral soft tissues, they are most frequently encountered in the subungual areas of fingers and toes, and very rarely in visceral organs due to the absence of glomus bodies. To date, 22 cases of primary renal glomus tumors have been described in the literature, of which 17 benign, with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis, three cases of malignant glomus tumor, and two cases with uncertain malignant potential. Case report: We report the 18th case of a benign glomus tumor of the kidney in a 49-year-old female patient, presenting the microscopic appearance (round, uniform cells with indistinct borders, scant finely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, round nuclei lacking prominent nucleoli, arranged in solid sheets, accompanied by slit-like vascular spaces), the immunohistochemical profile (tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin, vimentin, as well as for CD34; they were negative for AE1/AE3, desmin, HMB-45, S-100 protein, renin, and chromogranin), and the differential diagnosis of this rare entity (juxtaglomerular tumor, angiomyolipoma, hemangioma, epithelioid leyomioma, solitary fibrous tumor, carcinoid tumor, and paraganglioma). Conclusion: Primary renal glomus tumors are rare tumors that radiologically can mimic other mesenchymal renal neoplasm. Accurate diagnosis is based on the microscopic appearance and especially the characteristic immunophenotype.
Impact of a One Day Crisis Resource Management Training on the Work Satisfaction among Emergency Department Healthcare Staff
Authors: Truta Teodora Sorana , Ban Irina , Boeriu Cristian , Petrisor Marius , Moldovan Diana Aniela , Copotoiu Sanda Maria
Published: September 2018

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a single day Crisis Resource Management (CRM) oriented team training, combining didactic and simulation sessions, on work satisfaction of the healthcare staff working in an Emergency Department. Methods: Seventy health professionals with different qualifications, working in an emergency department, were enrolled in the study. After enrollment, participants were asked to complete a work satisfaction questionnaire and to choose a day for the training session according to their availability. Each training session took place in the simulation center and consisted of several elements: didactic session and simulation session, followed by instructor facilitated debriefing. The lecture was focused on medical errors and CRM principles. Two months after, they were asked to complete again the work satisfaction questionnaire. Results: There were no significant improvements on the items evaluated through the work satisfaction questionnaire for none of the professional categories involved, except for ‘the possibility to refer the patient to a specialist whenever was considered necessary’ for the doctors. Improvements were seen for the same professional category on the following items: workload, leisure time, level of stress at work, time and energy spent on administrative tasks. Conclusions: The findings of this study do not support the effectiveness of a single day CRM training as a tool to improve the work satisfaction among medical staff in ED. Further research is necessary.
Theoretical Investigation of Pressure Distribution in a Multi-Typal Transport Unit
Authors: Nalobina Olena , Muravunets Yulia , Gerasimchuk Alexander , Puts Vitaly , Shovkomyd Alexander
Published: September 2018

This article presents the results from the theoretical research of tension loading in a channel of fixing conveyor of the apparatus for flax beating and scutching. The analyses of literature have shown that the quality of flax fibre greatly depends on the conditions of retted straw processing by means of breaking-scutching machines, namely on machine parameters, operating regimes and design characteristics. There are considerable high fibre losses due to inappropriate fixing of straw in the conveyor canal; percentage of these losses is much higher than losses caused by any other reasons. The paper presents equations for calculation of pressure inside the conveyor canal of apparatus for flax breaking and scutching. It investigates the regularities of pressure loading in the sectors which fix the straw according to the aforementioned equation. Research shows that the highest pressure occurs in the area opposite the press-rolls axis; it decreases when distancing from it. Research also shows that pressure in the axis zone is lower when the belt tension and spring compression are low. This pressure loading causes pulling of the strands from the conveyor canal and fibre losses. These theoretical regularities can be utilized for calculation of the fixation force to secure the retted straw between belts in order to reduce the losses.
Applications of Shallow Seismic Refraction Measurements in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia): Case Studies
Authors: Brixová Bibiana , Mosná Andrea , Putiška René
Published: September 2018

Shallow seismic measurement, specifically seismic refraction tomography, is an effective geophysical method that has applications in various sectors. It enables the search for and determination of the course of the interfaces, thus helping to resolve geological, environmental, hydrogeological, engineering, geotechnical and other problems. The paper demonstrates the possibilities of using these methods through examples of shallow seismic measurements that have been performed at various four locations in the Western Carpathian Mountains. The first case study describes Monastery Pond at Katarínka. It was found that, the basement of the Monastery pond is at a depth of 2-3 m below the surface and the results were also confirmed by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The next measurement through the thermal power station waste storage showed that the storage area base runs at a depth of about 20 m under the measured profile. The third case study addresses the depth of groundwater depth in the area of Borská nízina. The measurement confirmed the assumed depth of ground water level at 3.35 m below the surface. In the last case study, border fault between the Turiec Basin and the Malá Fatra Mts. was mapped by application of shallow refraction methods. The results show that shallow seismic methods shed light on the problem and in combination with other geophysical methods are an effective tool with great potential. They provide very useful data for shallow mapping applications.
Enhancement of the free residual chlorine concentration at the ends of the water supply network: Case study of Souk Ahras city – Algeria
Authors: Bensoltane Mohamed A. , Zeghadnia Lotfi , Djemili Lakhdar , Gheid Abdalhak , Djebbar Yassine
Published: September 2018

The drinking-water supply sector has mostly targeted the water-borne transmission of pathogens. The most common method employed is the chlorination of drinking-water at treatment plants and in the distribution systems. In Algeria, the use of chlorine in drinking water treatment is a widespread practice. To enhance the concentration of the residual chlorine in the public water-supply system of a part of Souk Ahras city (Faubourg) (Algeria) known by its low concentration of the free residual chlorine (according to the water utility – Algérienne des Eaux: ADE investigation) especially at the point of use, practical steps were carried out. The method is a combination between numerical simulation using EPANET2 software and field measurements. Using statistical analysis the hydraulic model was calibrated and the observed values were very closer to the simulated results. The concentration was improved throughout the network after the injection of the appropriate dose.
Analysis of effective factors on agricultural water management in Iran
Authors: Feizabadi Yaser , Gorji Effat Masomi
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to analyse the factors affecting agricultural water management in Iran based on irrigation experts’ point of view using factor analysis approach. The results indicated that conservation of modern irrigation equipment, promoting farmers’ knowledge, creating a watercourse (surface water collection), imposing a ban on digging new wells and educating the effectiveness of pressurized irrigation system were all known as the most important factors affecting agricultural water management. Moreover, factor analysis results showed that five factors influencing agricultural water management (institutional and legislative, educational and promotional, economic, technical and farming system) explained 64.29% of the total variance. At the end, some policy suggestions were provided in order to improve agricultural water management in Iran.
Assessment of metallic contamination in sediment and mullet fish (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) tissues from the East Algerian coast
Authors: Ouali Naouel , Belabed Bourhane E. , Zeghdoudi Fadila , Rachedi Mounira
Published: September 2018

The present work was designed to assess the contamination level in the coastal of Annaba, following the spectrophotometric determination of the level of some metallic elements (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and Cd) in the sediments along an increasing bathymetric gradient (10 m and 20 m), as well as in the biological indicator grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) muscle. During the winter period (2014), 12 surface sediment samples, and a total of 24 fish were collected. Once the samples are dried, crushed and sieved, 0.5 g dry weight of each sample was added to concentrated acids. The results showed that the levels of some metals are superior to the recommended guideline values, and consequently the sediment of this bay is contaminated by iron, lead and copper. The contamination index (CI) showed a general tendency in the concentration of the studied metals as follows: Fe > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cd, since the most studied metals occurred at higher concentration in depth (20 m).

However, the average concentrations of metals in fishes were found to be as the following order: Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd. The consumption of fish from some contaminated sites can be dangerous because concentrations of lead, cadmium and zinc exceed the international standards. Moreover, the strong positive correlation observed between the metallic elements of sediments and fishes confirm that these metals resulted from the similar sources of the anthropic activities, such as domestic, port, industrial and agricultural waste discharges. This is confirmed by the determined of pollution load index (PLI) parameter. Conclusively, a regular monitoring program of heavy metal is recommended for protecting these organisms, and to reduce the environmental risks.
Active Zone of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with a Non-Overlapping Concentrated Winding
Authors: Orlova S. , Pugachov V. , Otankis R.
Published: September 2018

The research is devoted to the investigation of NdFeB permanent magnet (PM) based synchronous generators with non-overlapping concentrated windings. The rotor of such a generator has 10 pole pairs (PMs), which is dictated by the nominal voltage frequency (f=50 Hz) and the rotational speed (n=300 RPM). Comparison is made for four generators with three-phase winding coils and stator tooth numbers 18, 21, 24 and 27.
Re-Use and Recycling of Different Electrical Machines
Authors: Rassõlkin A. , Kallaste A. , Orlova S. , Gevorkov L. , Vaimann T. , Belahcen A.
Published: September 2018

The paper discusses the current developments in the recycling of electrical machines. The main attention is devoted to three types of motors: synchronous reluctance motor, permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, and induction motor. Base materials of such electrical machines are also described in the paper. Rare-earth permanent magnets used in electrical machines are review separately. Moreover, the paper considers the features of the disassembly and recycling options.
Consideration of Solution for Enhancement of Frequency Converter Supply Power Parameters
Authors: Rankis I. , Zaleskis G.
Published: September 2018

The paper presents results of analysis of a possible solution for enhancement of frequency converter (FC) AC supply power parameters. The method proposed is based on switched stabilisation of DC current of FC front-end rectifier unit. Such stabilisation allows obtaining rather good AC supply power parameters, i.e., its power factor and total harmonics distortion (THD) indicator for phase current. The paper also demonstrates a possible realisation scheme, a simplified mathematical description of processes in the scheme, as well as methods for consideration of its parameters, accounting the rated power of FC and the appointed level of the rectifier DC current continuity ratio. The results of computer simulation, to a great extent, testify a possible enhancement level.
Water Demineralization by Membrane Distillation Utilizing Cooling Water From Municipal Waste Incinerator
Authors: Gryta Marek
Published: September 2018

The membrane distillation performance was studied for production of demineralized water from surface water (river). Hot water from cooling water system of municipal waste incinerator was considered as an energy source for membrane distillation. The integration of membrane installation with such cooling water system allows to re-use up to 18 kW per 1 m2 of the membranes. The studies were performed with the application of polypropylene capillary membranes Accurel PP S6/2. The membrane modules were supplied with the feed heated to a temperature of 310 K and 330 K. The permeate fl ux obtained for these temperatures was 2.8 and 9.7 L/m2 h, and the distillate conductivity was 6 and 4 S/cm, respectively. The water demineralisation process was carried out for 1200 h without module cleaning. The behaviour of the permeate fl ux and distillate conductivity indicate that used membranes maintained their non-wettability over tested period. The performed SEM-EDS examinations confi rmed, that the deposits did not fi ll the pores and were mainly formed on the membrane surface. The scaling intensity was defi nitely smaller for lower temperature (310 K) of the feed. The amorphous deposits containing beside Ca also substantial amounts of the Si were mainly formed under these conditions, whereas at higher feed temperature dominated CaCO3 scaling.
Balinese Art and Tourism Promotion: From the 1931 ‘Paris Colonial Exposition’ to the Contemporary ‘Paris Tropical Carnival’
Authors: Sukma Winarya Prabawa I Wayan , Winaja I Wayan
Published: September 2018

The development of tourism in Bali cannot be separated from the role of artists and the community in preserving Balinese culture and tradition. This paper aims to analyze the role of artists in the preservation of Balinese culture that is associated with the promotion of Bali tourism in overseas through cultural performances which is currently known as marketing 3.0 models. Through research literatures, interviews to sample of participants and qualitative descriptive approach, this paper suggests that artists and society since the colonial era to the present day have taken an important role as tourism promotion ambassador of Bali and Indonesia, where the artists and the community have successfully presented the emotion or the spirit of Bali’s tourism a ractions.
Partisipasi Masyarakat Lokal dalam Pengembangan Kawasan Pariwisata Candidasa
Authors: Adikampana I Made , Kerti Pujani Luh Putu , Nugroho Saptono
Published: September 2018

This article examines the local community participation in the Candidasa tourism area, Karangasem, Bali. The objectives are to identify the capital exchange practice of local communities with the tourism industry and then determine the type of local communities’ participation in the development of Candidasa tourism area. The community based tourism approach adopted to understand the phenomenon of local community participation. Based on observations and interviews can be addressed that the communities surrounding the Candidasa relatively have an exhaustive capital. However, the comprehensiveness of such capital is not accompanied by the proper capital exchange strategies by indigenous village institution as a representation of local communities. The local communities only get relief materials from tourism as a result of the capital exchange. Accordance with the practice of capital exchange, it can be said that this type of local community participation is included in the participation for material incentives. This type of community participation is still relatively limited, so it necessary to improve the their involvement into tourism development in Candidasa.
Pilihan Bahasa Generasi Muda di Destinasi Wisata di Bali
Authors: Seri Malini Ni Luh Nyoman , Laksminy Ni Luh Putu , Sulibra I Nengah Ketut
Published: September 2018

Bali is one of the tourist destinations in Indonesia. Among areas that are frequently visited by the tourists are, Kuta, Sanur, and Ubud. For that reasons, many people in the regions participate in the tourism activities. It cannot be denied that many languages are involved in the areas so that the society of the parts becomes bilinguals or even multilingual. Based on such linguistic situation, this study aims at nding language use and choice in family, neighbor, education and religion domains.The data were in the form of spoken data collected from young people at di erent tourist destinations such as Sanur, Kuta, and Ubud. A qualitative method applied in this study. In spite of the facts, the result of the research shows that the Balinese language is still preferred as the means of communication among the young people both in a family, neighbor, and religious domains.
Ketahanan Budaya Masyarakat Bali Aga dalam Menciptakan Desa Wisata yang Berkelanjutan
Authors: - Widiastuti
Published: September 2018

This article aims to determine the level of cultural resilience in the Bali Aga villages. The level of resilience is measured from the level of morphological changes of the village and the building on site. The study focuses on the development of the village and building morphology on site, resilience level, and factors that shape resilience. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with research locus is in four villages includes Tenganan Pegringsingan Village, Bugbug Village (Regency of Karangasem), Penglipuran Village, and Bayung Gede Village (Regency of Bangli). The result is Tenganan Pegringsingan Village has a very high cultural resilience, Penglipuran Village has high level of cultural resilience, Village Bayung Gede has a low level of cultural resilience, and the lowest level of cultural resilience is Bugbug Village. The most in uential factor on the level of cultural resilience is the internal factors, especially the ability to integrate the traditional management model (social, economic, and culture) and modern management model (tourism). Managing the uniqueness of village assets proves to be an important factor in creating a sustainable tourism village which is shown by the high number of tourist visits continuously.