bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mycosis fungoides: Topische Behandlungskonzepte ausschöpfen
Authors: Braun-Falco Markus
Published: July 2020

Background: Poikilodermatous mycosis fungoides (pMF) is characterized by poikiloderma areas, typically involving the major flexural areas and trunk. Its presentation can be generalized or admixed with other forms of MF. Previous studies fail to correlate the clinical presentation with prognosis and laboratory findings. Some reports show pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) preceding the poikiloderma. Objectives:Correlate prognostic, histopathological and molecular aspects of pMF with its clinical presentation. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 14 cases of generalized pMF (GpMF), 22 of localized pMF (LpMF) and 17 of pMF admixed with other forms of MF (mix-pMF). Results: Female predominance and lower age at diagnosis was found in all groups compared to classic MF, a high prevalence of PLC-like lesions in the GpMF group and a high rate of hypopigmented lesions in the mixpMF group. There were 2 deaths within the GpMF group. Histology was similar to previously reported findings, as was the prevalence of CD4 T-cell infiltrate, compared to CD8. The T-cell clonality positivity was lower in the GpMF group, compared to other groups (27% GpMF, 80% LpMF and 100% mixpMF). Discussion: This is the first article to categorize the different forms of pMF and correlate them with clinical and laboratory findings. The dermatological presentation differs among the groups. There was a high frequency of PLC-like lesions within the GpMF group and of hypopigmented lesions in mix-pMF. The histological and immunohistochemical findings were similar to those previously reported. Aggressive treatments are not recommended due to the good prognosis of all pMF forms. The low positivity of T-cell clonality in the GpMF group should be investigated.
Helena Solberg: uma cineasta brasileira na televisão norte-americana
Authors: França Ana Claudia Camila Veiga de , Corrêa Ronaldo de Oliveira
Published: July 2020

Este ensaio circunscreve o seguinte argumento: as ideias de Raymond Williams sobre a televisão como forma e experiência cultural ampliam a compreensão sobre o período em que a cineasta brasileira Helena Solberg dirigiu diversos documentários para uma emissora de televisão norte-americana na década de 1980. Para sustentar este argumento, nos apoiamos em análises tecidas por Raymond Williams em Television (1974) e nas pesquisas sobre a trajetória de Helena Solberg realizadas por Mariana Tavares e Ana Maria Veiga. Como resultado, esperamos explicitar como os documentários dirigidos por Helena, financiados e exibidos pela emissora estadunidense Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), integram usos e práticas televisivas mais democráticas, que a partir de Williams podem ser mais bem contextualizadas e compreendidas.
Um artista da fome, o consumo e a guerrilha publicitária
Authors: Carrascoza João Anzanello
Published: July 2020

A guerrilha publicitária é um conjunto de estratégias e táticas de comunicação a serviço da publicidade de marcas locais e globais. Entre elas, destaca-se o street marketing, a emboscada, a brand installation, o happening, a action painting. Com a expansão da www, e visando ampliar seu impacto junto a um público maior, as ações desse tipo passaram a ser filmadas e espalhadas pela internet em forma de videorrelato. Objetivamos investigar aspectos da produção e do consumo do discurso das marcas em ações contemporâneas de guerrilha publicitária, a partir do conto Um artista da fome, de Franz Kafka. Para isso, trabalharemos com conceitos da teoria literária e da retórica publicitária.
A paisagem mental da memória no cinema de Alain Resnais
Authors: Rodrigues Isadora Meneses
Published: July 2020

Na primeira fase de sua carreira, Alain Resnais discutiu a falibilidade e criatividade da memória ao ser ativada por processos mentais. Partindo do pressuposto de que o diretor precisou manipular o espaço fílmico para esculpir o tempo dos processos de rememoração no cinema, este artigo pretende examinar as estratégias de espacialização do tempo da memória em L’année dernière à Marienbad (O ano passado em Marienbad, 1961), segundo longametragem de Resnais. À luz do conceito de paisagem mental, a análise sugere que os cenários do filme se desfazem e deixam de ser subservientes a ações que obedecem a cronologias rígidas por meio do contraponto entre som e imagem, da duração dilatada dos planos e da repetição.
Uma arqueologia especulativa: os roteiros não filmados de Mário Peixoto
Authors: Martins Pablo Gonçalo Pires de Campos
Published: July 2020

Este ensaio analisa os roteiros de A alma, segundo Salustre e Outono: o jardim petrificado, ambos de Mário Peixoto, obras que não foram filmadas, ou finalizadas. A partir do enredo e da linguagem cinematográfica sinalizada nos roteiros salientamos alguns aspectos mais obscuros da estética de Peixoto que não poderiam ser percebidos apenas em Limite. Ao final do ensaio propõe-se uma arqueologia especulativa para compreender o papel dos roteiros não filmados na teoria e história do cinema e, mais especificamente, como uma possível revisão da historiografia do cinema brasileiro.
Clics modernos: las relaciones cine-teatro durante la postdictadura argentina
Authors: Sala Jorge
Published: July 2020

El escrito formula un recorrido cartográfico alrededor de los diferentes tipos de relación que el cine argentino estrenado entre 1984 y 1994 sostuvo con el teatro del período. Para ello se establecen cinco zonas de interacción entre ambas disciplinas: 1) la hegemonía del realismo testimonial; 2) La recuperación de formas escénicas populares (fundamentalmente ligadas al sainete, el grotesco y el tango); 3) la elaboración de alegorías fílmicas basadas en estrategias teatrales; 4) Los films que utilizan el teatro como operación metarreflexiva; y 5) la aparición de propuestas cinematográficas contrarias al realismo cuyo diálogo se entabló con los espectáculos emergentes de la postdictadura.
Encenar as linhas de força: dimensões perceptuais em Adeus, Dragon Inn
Authors: Pinto Eduardo Brandão
Published: July 2020

Qual o papel de categorias como o vazio e a lentidão no cinema contemporâneo? Em Adeus, Dragon Inn, Tsai Ming-Liang radicaliza a experimentação de elementos que apontam para uma energia negativa da imagem. Neste artigo, procuro reconhecer um novo estatuto da imagem fílmica: não mais definida como aquilo que organiza o visível sob a forma de campo, mas como o aparecimento do visível como uma composição de linhas de força. Para isso, construo os conceitos de perceptos molares e moleculares, em diálogo com o pensamento de Deleuze e Guattari. Discutindo com teóricos contemporâneos do cinema, proponho pensar a encenação como coordenação das forças em emergência no visível.
Palavra não puxa palavra: história e ficção em José Saramago
Authors: Carvalho Maria do Socorro Fernandes de
Published: July 2020

Este texto aprecia o livro História do cerco de Lisboa (1989) de José Saramago abordando a questão teórica das fontes primárias do relato historiográfico, conforme foi ficcionalizado no enredo deste romance. Raimundo Silva, o revisor, vive na trama o dilema do historiador defrontado com um dado factual cujo relato considera falso. A relação entre ficção e história aparece nos prólogos das crônicas humanistas portuguesas que o narrador afirma serem as fontes primárias da personagem: neste artigo atesta-se serem elas igualmente fontes sobre a história nacional para o autor empírico do livro. Fala-se sobre a ideia de “erudição histórica” e os limites entre os dois gêneros prosaicos: crônica e historiografia contemporâneas, em possível diálogo com o romance Claraboia (2011), publicado postumamente.
Poder e contrapoder em José Saramago
Authors: Chauvin Jean Pierre
Published: July 2020

Neste ensaio, discutem-se as acepções de democracia, como entendida no mundo ocidental a partir da chamada Era Moderna, em diálogo com o romance Ensaio sobre a lucidez (2004), de José Saramago. Pretende-se refletir em torno do que há de efetivamente democrático na contemporaneidade, após decretado o fim da história na década de 1980.
Retinal and Renal Microvasculature in Relation to Central Hemodynamics in 11‐Year‐Old Children Born Preterm or At Term
Authors: Wei Fang‐Fei , Raaijmakers Anke , Melgarejo Jesus D. , Cauwenberghs Nicholas , Thijs Lutgarde , Zhang Zhen‐Yu , Yu Cai‐Guo , Levtchenko Elena , Struijker‐Boudier Harry A. J. , Yang Wen‐Yi , Kuznetsova Tatiana , Kennedy Sean , Verhamme Peter , Allegaert Karel , Staessen Jan A.
Published: July 2020

Background

Prematurity disrupts the perinatal maturation of the microvasculature and macrovasculature and confers high risk of vascular dysfunction later in life. No previous studies have investigated the crosstalk between the microvasculature and macrovasculature in childhood.

Methods and Results

In a case‐control study, we enrolled 55 children aged 11 years weighing <1000 g at birth and 71 matched controls (October 2014–November 2015). We derived central blood pressure (BP) wave by applanation tonometry and calculated the forward/backward pulse waves by an automated pressure–based wave separation algorithm. We measured the renal resistive index by pulsed wave Doppler and the central retinal arteriolar equivalent by computer‐assisted program software. Compared with controls, patients had higher central systolic BP (101.5 versus 95.2 mm Hg,
P
<0.001) and backward wave amplitude (15.5 versus 14.2 mm Hg,
P
=0.029), and smaller central retinal arteriolar equivalent (163.2 versus 175.4 µm,
P
<0.001). In multivariable analyses, central retinal arteriolar equivalent was smaller with higher values (+1 SD) of central systolic BP (−2.94 µm; 95% CI, −5.18 to −0.70 µm [
P
=0.011]) and forward (−2.57 µm; CI, −4.81 to −0.32 µm [
P
=0.026]) and backward (−3.20 µm; CI, −5.47 to −0.94 µm [
P
=0.006]) wave amplitudes. Greater renal resistive index was associated with higher backward wave amplitude (0.92 mm Hg,
P
=0.036).

Conclusions

In childhood, prematurity compared with term birth is associated with higher central systolic BP and forward/backward wave amplitudes. Higher renal resistive index likely moves reflection points closer to the heart, thereby explaining the inverse association of central retinal arteriolar equivalent with central systolic BP and backward wave amplitude. These observations highlight the crosstalk between the microcirculation and macrocirculation in children.

Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT02147457.
Correlating Ex Vivo Carotid Calcification Measurements With Cerebrovascular Symptoms
Authors: Cahalane Rachel M. , O’Brien Julie M. , Kavanagh Eamon G. , Moloney Michael A. , Leahy Fiona C. , Walsh Michael T.
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to examine the ability of ex vivo derived Agatston, Volume, and Density-Volume calcium scores or calcium density measurements to differentiate between carotid plaques based on preoperative cerebrovascular symptomatology.

Methods:

Thirty-eight carotid plaques were acquired from standard endarterectomy. Micro-computed tomography was performed on the ex vivo samples. Image series were downsampled to represent the resolution of clinical multidetector computed tomography. Agatston, Volume, and Density-Volume carotid calcium scores were then calculated using coronary methodologies. The fractions of low- and high-density calcification were also determined.

Results:

The coronary calcium scores could not differentiate between carotid plaques from asymptomatic versus symptomatic patients. However, plaques from asymptomatic patients contained significantly lower fractions of low-density calcification and higher fractions of high-density calcification.

Conclusions:

Screening for carotid calcium density in noncontrast computed tomography could reflect plaque stability.
Laboratory markers included in the Corona Score can identify false negative results on COVID-19 RT-PCR in the emergency room
Authors: Assandri Roberto , Canetta Ciro , Viganò Giovanni , Buscarini Elisabetta , Scartabellati Alessandro , Montanelli Alessandro
Published: July 2020

After December 2019 outbreak in China, the novel Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has very quickly overflowed worldwide. Infection causes a clinical syndrome encompassing a wide range of clinical features, from asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic course to acute respiratory distress and death. In a very recent work we preliminarily observed that several laboratory tests have been shown as characteristically altered in COVID-19. We aimed to use the Corona score, a validated point-based algorithm to predict the likelihood of COVID-19 infection in patients presenting at the Emergency rooms. This approach combines chest images-relative score and several laboratory parameters to classify emergency room patients. Corona score accuracy was satisfactory, increasing the detection of positive patients’ rate.
A rare case of tuberculosis-induced hypercalcemia
Authors: Wauthier Loris , Theunssens Xavier , Durez Patrick , Fillée Catherine , Maisin Diane , Gruson Damien
Published: July 2020

Laboratory investigations of hypercalcemia involve testing of various biochemical parameters such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-(OH) Vitamin D (25-(OH) VitD), 1,25-(OH)2 Vitamin D3 (calcitriol) and PTH related peptide (PTHrp). We herein present an atypical case of severe hypercalcemia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who has been treated for years by various biological
disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and suddenly presented with general state alteration, oedema and ulceration of her right ankle. We illustrate how tuberculosis (TB) can cause high calcitriol concentration and subsequently lead to potentially severe hypercalcemia. Moreover, we highlight the importance of TB testing and follow-up in patients treated with biological DMARDs.
Second Sailing towards Immortality and God
Authors: Ferber Rafael
Published: July 2020

This paper deals with the deuteros plous, literally ‘the second voyage’, proverbially ‘the next best way’, discussed in Plato’s Phaedo, the key passage being Phd. 99e4-100a3. I argue that (a) the ‘flight into the logoi’ can have two different interpretations, a standard one and a non-standard one. The issue is whether at 99e-100a Socrates means that both the student of erga and the student of logoi consider images (‘the standard interpretation’), or the student of logoi does not consider images (‘the non-standard interpretation’); (b) the non-standard one implies the problem of the hypothesis, a problem analogous to the problem of the elenchus; (c) there is a structural analogy between Descartes’ ontological argument for the existence of God in his 5th Meditation and the final proof for the immortality of the soul in the Phaedo.
The Father of the Devil (John 8:44)
Authors: Litwa M. David
Published: July 2020

This article argues that John 8:44 helped to inspire the early Christian view that the creator was an evil being. John 8:44 has at least four possible readings allowed by grammar. In two of these readings, taken by a variety of early Christian groups (including early catholics), there is indication that the devil has a father. Since the desires of this father are known from the parallel desires of his children, some early Christians inferred the hostility of the devil’s father toward Christ, and thus his evil nature.
Assessing the Relationship Between Drive for Thinness and Taste–Shape Correspondences
Authors: Hamamoto Yumi , Motoki Kosuke , Sugiura Motoaki
Published: July 2020

Eating disorder tendencies are psychological characteristics that are prevalent in healthy young females and are known to be among the risk factors for eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa. People with greater eating disorder tendencies strongly associate sweet and fatty foods with weight gain and strictly avoid consuming such foods. However, little is known about how eating disorder tendencies influence the association between taste and body shape impression. Research on crossmodal correspondences suggests that people preferentially associate sweet tastes with round shapes, and individual differences affect the degree of such associations. This study investigates how the degree of taste–shape matching is related to eating disorder tendencies with a preliminary investigation of what mediates this relationship. Two experiments were conducted: in Experiment 1, healthy participants rated the degree of association between basic taste words (sweet/sour/salty/bitter) and roundness of shape and subsequently completed questionnaires addressing eating disorder tendencies. In Experiment 2, participants answered additional questionnaires addressing obsessiveness, dichotomous thinking, and self-esteem. The results of Experiment 1 indicated a positive correlation between drive for thinness, which is one indicator of an eating disorder tendency, and the degree of matching sweetness to round shape. Experiment 2 replicated the results of Experiment 1 and revealed the mediating effect of obsessiveness. These findings suggest a relationship between individual differences in taste–shape matching and eating disorder tendency and the preliminary mediating role of obsessiveness. The present study provides new insight into the role of sweet–round matching in eating disorder tendencies and the associated psychological mechanisms.
How Are Audiovisual Simultaneity Judgments Affected by Multisensory Complexity and Speech Specificity?
Authors: Ikeda Tsunagu , Morishita Masanao
Published: July 2020

While stimulus complexity is known to affect the width of the temporal integration window (TIW), a quantitative evaluation of ecologically highly valid stimuli has not been conducted. We assumed that the degree of complexity is determined by the obviousness of the correspondence between the auditory onset and visual movement, and we evaluated the audiovisual complexity using video clips of a piano, a shakuhachi flute and human speech. In Experiment 1, a simultaneity judgment task was conducted using these three types of stimuli. The results showed that the width of TIW was wider for speech, compared with the shakuhachi and piano. Regression analysis revealed that the width of the TIW depended on the degree of complexity. In the second experiment, we investigated whether or not speech-specific factors affected the temporal integration. We used stimuli that either contained natural-speech sounds or white noise. The results revealed that the width of the TIW was wider for natural sentences, compared with white noise. Taken together, the width of the TIW might be affected by both the complexity and speech specificity.
Epigean freshwater Gammaridae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from La Gomera (Canary Islands)
Authors: Beyer Gabriele , Stock Jan H.
Published: July 2020

Description of two new species of freshwater amphipods from La Gomera (Canary Islands), both found in the higher parts of the island: Chaetogammarus chaetocerus n. sp. and Rhipidogammarus gomeranus n. sp. Both species have distinct Afro-Iberian relationships.
Stenocaris pontica Chappuis & Serban, 1953 und Stenocaropsis similis Cottarelli & Venanzetti, 1989 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) aus dem Mittelmeer mit einer Revision der Gattungen Stenocaropsis Apostolov, 1982 und Stenocaris Sars, 1909
Authors: Kunz Helmut
Published: July 2020

Stenocaris pontica Chappuis & Serban is for the first time recorded from the Mediterranean Sea (Croatie coast) and described. Stenocaropsis similis Cottarelli & Venanzetti, also recorded from the Croatic coast, was compared with type material of Stenocaropsis pristina (Wells). This led to a new separation of the two species. Stenocaropsis valkanovi (Marinov) is regarded as species inquirenda. The genera Stenocaropsis Apostolov and Stenocaris Sars are revised.
Taxonomic notes and new synonyms on Brazilian Macromitrium Bridel (Bryophyta, Orthotrichaceae)

Authors: VALENTE DAIANE VALENTE , PERALTA DENILSON FERNANDES , PRUDÊNCIO RENATO XAVIER ARAÚJO , CÂMARA PAULO EDUARDO AGUIAR SARAIVA
Published: July 2020

Brazil is a megadiverse country that intends to catalog all its flora by 2020. Therefore, knowledge about taxonomy and the correct identification of species is essential for accessing the real species biodiversity. Macromitrium (Orthotrichaceae) is considered the third largest moss genus in the world and with the majority of its species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. For Brazil 64 species have been cited, but 44 remain as unknown to the Brazilian flora. The aim of this work was to check all 64 names of Brazilian Macromitrium helping to clarify its validity and correct identification. Type specimens from 14 herbaria were studied using optical microscopy. After this analysis 22% are good species, 54% are synonymous of others species; 13% are excluded from the Brazilian flora and 11% were not possible to check. This work contributed to clarify the diversity of Macromitrium in Brazil, contributing to the knowledge of bryophytes and important data for the flora of Brazil 2020.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Hexarhopalus (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae: Cnodalonini) from China
Authors: JIANG RI-XIN , BAI XING-LONG , REN GUO-DONG , YANG HUI-YU , WANG SHUO
Published: July 2020

Chinese components of the genus Hexarhopalus Fairmaire, 1891 are revised. Four new species, Hexarhopalus (Hexarhopalus) liuyixiaoi Jiang, Bai, Ren & Wang sp. nov. from Hunan and Hubei, Hexarhopalus (Leprocaulus) qiujianyueae Jiang, Bai, Ren & Wang sp. nov. and Hexarhopalus (Leprocaulus) qiului Jiang, Bai, Ren & Wang sp. nov. from Yunnan and Hexarhopalus (Leprocaulus) xuhaoi Jiang, Bai, Ren & Wang sp. nov. from Xizang are described, figured and compared with their congeners. Hexarhopalus (Leprocaulus) difformis (Pic, 1922) is recorded from Yunnan, China for the first time. New distributional records are provided for Hexarhopalus (Leprocaulus) bisinuatus Ren & Xu, 2011 from Hunan, Sichuan and Fujian, China. Supplementary description is presented for Hexarhopalus (Hexarhopalus) sculpticollis Fairmaire, 1891, Hexarhopalus (Hexarhopalus) sculptilis Kaszab 1960 and Hexarhopalus (Leprocaulus) difformis (Pic, 1922) to include the genital characters. A checklist, key and the distribution map of all known Chinese Hexarhopalus species are also provided.
Description and ecology of a new species of the cricket genus Endecous (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) in the speleological province of Arcos-Pains-Doresópolis, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: CASTRO-SOUZA RODRIGO ANTÔNIO , JUNTA VITOR GABRIEL PEREIRA , FERREIRA RODRIGO LOPES
Published: July 2020

A new cricket species of the genus Endecous Saussure, 1878 is described in the present work found in the speleological province of Arcos-Pains-Doresópolis, which belongs to the limestone group Bambuí, Brazil. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the new species was related to the species Eidmanacris sp., which co-occurs with the former in several caves. Relationships between species abundance and horizontal projection, number of entrances and environmental stability of the caves where these species coexist were evaluated. The presence of bilateral symmetry in individuals of Endecous painensis n. sp. perhaps due to environmental stress caused by mining activities surrounding the cave was also tested. Endecous crickets are commonly observed in the caves, for which the preference by distinct microhabitats and generalist strategies may be key factors explaining colonization and segregation in relation to other cricket species in subterranean habitats. The generalist lifestyle of the here described species may attenuate the effects environmental stresses over development.
Overview of the CPOC Pilot Study at Whiteface Mountain, NY: Cloud Processing of Organics within Clouds (CPOC)
Authors: Lance Sara , Zhang Jie , Schwab James J. , Casson Paul , Brandt Richard E. , Fitzjarrald David R. , Schwab Margaret J. , Sicker John , Lu Cheng-Hsuan , Chen Sheng-Po , Yun Jeongran , Freedman Jeffrey M. , Shrestha Bhupal , Min Qilong , Beauharnois Mark , Crandall Brian , Joseph Everette , Brewer Matthew J. , Minder Justin R. , Orlowski Daniel , Christiansen Amy , Carlton Annmarie G. , Barth Mary C.
Published: July 2020

Aqueous chemical processing within cloud and fog water is thought to be a key process in the production and transformation of secondary organic aerosol mass, found abundantly and ubiquitously throughout the troposphere. Yet, significant uncertainty remains regarding the organic chemical reactions taking place within clouds and the conditions under which those reactions occur, owing to the wide variety of organic compounds and their evolution under highly variable conditions when cycled through clouds. Continuous observations from a fixed remote site like Whiteface Mountain (WFM) in New York State and other mountaintop sites have been used to unravel complex multiphase interactions in the past, particularly the conversion of gas-phase emissions of SO2 to sulfuric acid within cloud droplets in the presence of sunlight. These scientific insights led to successful control strategies that reduced aerosol sulfate and cloud water acidity substantially over the following decades. This paper provides an overview of observations obtained during a pilot study that took place at WFM in August 2017 aimed at obtaining a better understanding of Chemical Processing of Organic Compounds within Clouds (CPOC). During the CPOC pilot study, aerosol cloud activation efficiency, particle size distribution, and chemical composition measurements were obtained below-cloud for comparison to routine observations at WFM, including cloud water composition and reactive trace gases. Additional instruments deployed for the CPOC pilot study included a Doppler lidar, sun photometer, and radiosondes to assist in evaluating the meteorological context for the below-cloud and summit observations.
Prediction of Flash Droughts over the United States
Authors: Mo Kingtse C. , Lettenmaier Dennis P
Published: July 2020

We examine reforecasts of flash droughts over the United States for the late spring (April–May), midsummer (June–July), and late summer/early autumn (August–September) with lead times up to 3 pentads based on the NOAA second-generation Global Ensemble Forecast System reforecasts version 2 (GEFSv2). We consider forecasts of both heat wave and precipitation deficit (P deficit) flash droughts, where heat wave flash droughts are characterized by high temperature and depletion of soil moisture and P deficit flash droughts are caused by lack of precipitation that leads to (rather than being the cause of) high temperature. We find that the GEFSv2 reforecasts generally capture the frequency of occurrence (FOC) patterns. The equitable threat score (ETS) of heat wave flash drought forecasts for late spring in the regions where heat wave flash droughts are most likely to occur over the north-central and Pacific Northwest regions is statistically significant up to 2 pentads. The GEFSv2 reforecasts capture the basic pattern of the FOC of P-deficit flash droughts and also are skillful up to lead about 2 pentads. However, the reforecasts overestimate the P-deficit flash drought FOC over parts of the Southwest in late spring, leading to large false alarm rates. For autumn, the reforecasts underestimate P-deficit flash drought occurrence over California and Nevada. The GEFSv2 reforecasts are able to capture the approximately linear relationship between evaporation and soil moisture, but the lack of skill in precipitation forecasts limits the skill of P-deficit flash drought forecasts.
Informal social protection actors: A focus on women self-help groups in Kenya
Authors: Oware Phoene Mesa
Published: July 2020

For most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, social protection is provided by formal and informal actors. Focusing on women self-help groups as informal social protection actors, this qualitative study examines their nature, activities and functions and how they provide informal social protection. Data on self-help groups were collected from 25 women through in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions. The findings show that these groups provide crucial safety nets by smoothing incomes and consumption, and providing social assistance and insurance. However, social protection provided informally is exclusionary and limited. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Open Science in Education Sciences
Authors: van Dijk Wilhelmina , Schatschneider Christopher , Hart Sara A.
Published: July 2020

The Open Science movement has gained considerable traction in the last decade. The Open Science movement tries to increase trust in research results and open the access to all elements of a research project to the public. Central to these goals, Open Science has promoted five critical tenets: Open Data, Open Analysis, Open Materials, Preregistration, and Open Access. All Open Science elements can be thought of as extensions to the traditional way of achieving openness in science, which has been scientific publication of research outcomes in journals or books. Open Science in education sciences, however, has the potential to be much more than a safeguard against questionable research. Open Science in education science provides opportunities to (a) increase the transparency and therefore replicability of research and (b) develop and answer research questions about individuals with learning disabilities and learning difficulties that were previously impossible to answer due to complexities in data analysis methods. We will provide overviews of the main tenets of Open Science (i.e., Open Data, Open Analysis, Open Materials, Preregistration, and Open Access), show how they are in line with grant funding agencies’ expectations for rigorous research processes, and present resources on best practices for each of the tenets.
Effect of Policy Change to Require Laboratory Reporting With Pregnancy Indicated for Syphilis and Hepatitis B Virus Infection, New York City, January 2013–June 2018
Authors: Liao Tim S. , Hashmi Ariba , Lazaroff Julie , Hennessy Robin R. , Sanders Kim Afua , Evans Lloyd Pamela , Rosen Jennifer B.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

We evaluated the impact of a 2014 New York City health code change requiring laboratories to indicate if a patient is pregnant or probably pregnant in the electronic laboratory report (ELR) when reporting syphilis and hepatitis B virus (HBV) cases to the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH).

Methods

We calculated the number of pregnant persons with syphilis or HBV infection reported to DOHMH from January 1, 2013, through June 30, 2018. We compared the proportion in which the first report to DOHMH was an ELR with pregnancy indicated before and after the policy change. We calculated time between first ELR with pregnancy indicated and subsequent reporting by a method other than ELR and the proportion of cases in which ELR with pregnancy indicated was the only report source.

Results

A total of 552 new syphilis and 8414 HBV-infected cases were reported to DOHMH. From January 2013–June 2014 (pre-change) to January 2017–June 2018 (post-change), the proportion of cases in which ELR with pregnancy indicated was the first report to DOHMH increased significantly (14.7% [23/156] to 46.2% [80/173] for syphilis; 8.0% [200/2498] to 45.3% [851/1879] for HBV infection [ P < .001]). Median time between first ELR with pregnancy indicated and subsequent reporting by a method other than ELR was 9.0 days for syphilis and 51.0 days for HBV infection. ELR with pregnancy indicated was the only report for 43.1% (238/552) of syphilis cases and 23.4% (1452/6200) of HBV cases during the study period.

Conclusion

Including pregnancy status with ELR can increase the ability of public health departments to conduct timely interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
Simulating the End of AIDS in New York: Using Participatory Dynamic Modeling to Improve Implementation of the Ending the Epidemic Initiative
Authors: Martin Erika G. , MacDonald Roderick H. , Gordon Daniel E. , Swain Carol-Ann , O’Donnell Travis , Helmeset John , Dwicaksono Adenantera , Tesoriero James M.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

In 2014, the governor of New York announced the Ending the Epidemic (ETE) plan to reduce annual new HIV infections from 3000 to 750, achieve a first-ever decrease in HIV prevalence, and reduce AIDS progression by the end of 2020. The state health department undertook participatory simulation modeling to develop a baseline for comparing epidemic trends and feedback on ETE strategies.

Methods

A dynamic compartmental model projected the individual and combined effects of 3 ETE initiatives: enhanced linkage to and retention in HIV treatment, increased preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men, and expanded housing assistance. Data inputs for model calibration and low-, medium-, and high-implementation scenarios (stakeholders’ rollout predictions, and lower and upper bounds) came from surveillance and program data through 2014, the literature, and expert judgment.

Results

Without ETE (baseline scenario), new HIV infections would decline but remain >750, and HIV prevalence would continue to increase by 2020. Concurrently implementing the 3 programs would lower annual new HIV infections by 16.0%, 28.1%, and 45.7% compared with baseline in the low-, medium-, and high-implementation scenarios, respectively. In all concurrent implementation scenarios, although annual new HIV infections would remain >750, there would be fewer new HIV infections than deaths, yielding the first-ever decrease in HIV prevalence. PrEP and enhanced linkage and retention would confer the largest population-level changes.

Conclusions

New York State will achieve 1 ETE benchmark under the most realistic (medium) implementation scenario. Findings facilitated framing of ETE goals and underscored the need to prioritize men who have sex with men and maintain ETE’s multipronged approach, including other programs not modeled here.
Recent progress on the Chinese space programme and radiation research
Authors: Zhou G. , Hu W. , Pei H. , Chen H. , Hei T.K.
Published: July 2020

Manned space exploration was initiated in China in 1992, and substantial progress has been made. The next step is to build the Chinese Space Station (CSS), which is planned to be launched in 2020. The CSS will provide an on-orbit laboratory for experimental studies including space radiation research. The health risk of space radiation, especially carcinogenesis, is a major concern for long-term space exploration. Establishing a risk assessment system suitable for Chinese astronauts and developing effective countermeasures are major tasks for Chinese space radiobiologists. The Institute of Space Life Sciences, Soochow University has focused on these topics for years. We established cancer models with low-dose-rate exposure of alpha particles, and elucidated a microRNA-TGFβ network regulating bystander effects and a lncRNA-cytoskeleton network regulating genomic instability induced by ionising radiation. We also confirmed the radioresistance of quiescent cells, which inspires a potential strategy to improve individual radioresistance during long-term space travel. However, we believe that a multi-disciplinary strategy must be developed to protect astronauts from highly energised space radiation.
Truck Parking Usage Patterns by Facility Amenity Availability
Authors: Mahmud Sharif , Akter Taslima , Hernandez Sarah
Published: July 2020

Truck parking is currently ranked by the American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) as the fifth most critical issue for the trucking industry and, more importantly, as the second most important issue for truck drivers. Part of the problem can be attributed to inadequate supply of parking and federal hours of service (HOS) regulations. Recent truck driver stated-preference surveys reveal that amenities including restrooms, fuel, and showers are important considerations while seeking available parking. A link between parking usage patterns and facility amenity bundles can guide transportation agency investments in relation to the design and type of parking facilities with high potential to mitigate overcrowding issues, and can be used for predictive modeling in real-time parking availability algorithms and information systems. This paper used historical, anonymous truck global positioning system (GPS) data to determine the extent to which hourly parking usage patterns, that is, average parking duration, percentage of parked trucks, and parking usage ratio, vary by amenity availability. A K-means clustering model grouped parking facilities by time of day parking usage patterns, season, and geographic region. Each cluster, represented by parking usage patterns, was then tied to unique amenity bundles. Three usage pattern clusters were identified: overnight usage with long parking durations ( Cluster 1), off-peak usage with long parking durations, ( Cluster 2), and off-peak usage with short parking durations ( Cluster 3). In general, overnight and longer duration parking was associated with facilities that had fewer amenities, notably without showers, while peak and off-peak hours and shorter duration parking was associated with full-service facilities.
Multi-autonomous underwater vehicles collaboratively search for intelligent targets in an unknown environment in the presence of interception
Authors: Ma Xi-wen , Chen Yan-li , Bai Gui-qiang , Sha Yong-bai , Liu Jun
Published: July 2020

We present a bionic neural wave network that uses multiple autonomous underwater vehicles to search and acquire intelligent targets in an unknown underwater environment. The neuron pheromone content is arranged according to neural wave diffusion and layer-by-layer energy attenuation, when underwater mesh space based on neural wave diffusion theory was established that the neuron nodes in the neural network structure correspond to obstacles, autonomous underwater vehicles, and targets in the environment. In order to solve the problems of over-allocation and under-allocation of the multi-autonomous underwater vehicles system during the cooperative capture of targets, a redistribution mechanism based on the improved self-organizing map algorithm is implemented and directed to rationalize task distribution. Two different taboo search methods are employed to update the autonomous underwater vehicle path in real time, and the polynomial coefficient solution method is used to fit partial path data. So that the autonomous underwater vehicle trajectory can be obtained and an interceptor position coordinate can be predicted. An auxiliary autonomous underwater vehicle is aimed to replace the intercepted autonomous underwater vehicle and the matching capture points are tracked to ensure the completion of the task so that the full range of hunting targets is identified. In order to simulate an unknown complex underwater environment, obstacles are randomly arranged around the target, the location information of the obstacle, and the target is unknown and unpredictable. Four simulation experiments were performed to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm under unknown environment. The results show that this algorithm can improve the path update average efficiency by 66% compared with other algorithms. Obviously, this algorithm is reasonable and effective.
Arsenite induces dysfunction of regulatory T cells through acetylation control of the Foxp3 promoter
Authors: Chen J , Jiang J , Liu Y , Ye Y , Ma Y , Cen Y , Chen W , Wang S , Yang G , Zhang A
Published: July 2020

Arsenic is known to cause damage to the body’s immune system by inducing epigenetic changes. However, the molecular mechanism of this damage remains elusive. Here, we report that arsenic disrupts the morphology of lymphocytes, decreases cell viability, and results in abnormal proportions of T lymphocyte subsets. Moreover, our results revealed that arsenic can reduce global acetylation of histone H4 at K16 (H4K16 ac) in lymphocytes via decreasing the level of males absent on the first but upregulates mRNA and protein levels of the forkhead/winged-helix box P3 ( Foxp3) gene by increasing the acetylation of histone H4 at K16 (H4K16) at the promoter of Foxp3. Finally, arsenic-induced dysfunction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) could be ameliorated by trichostatin A. Our research indicates that arsenic-induced immunosuppressive effect in human lymphocytes may be related to the acetylation of H4K16 at the promoter of Foxp3 and that histone deacetylase inhibitors may play a role in the prevention and treatment of immune injury caused by arsenic.
Lupus nephritis in a transgender woman on cross-sex hormone therapy: a case for the role of oestrogen in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Hill Brittany G , Hodge Bonnie , Misischia Richard
Published: July 2020

We present the case of a 22-year-old African American transgender women (male to female), who was admitted for fatigue, abdominal pain and lower extremity edema and was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis. Treatment with high-dose steroids and mycophenolate mofetil helped resolve her symptoms. She has remained off oestrogen therapy since admission and has not experienced any major complications. It is important to consider therapy outcomes in this specific patient population. A review of four other cases of transgender women on cross-sex hormone therapy who were diagnosed with lupus is also presented.
Relationship Between Tramadol Response and Cancer Cachexia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Morio Kayoko , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Yano Ikuko
Published: July 2020

Objective:

It was reported that the administration of tramadol in patients with cancer pain who have a higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) serum level led to insufficient pain relief. Cytokines produced by tumors, including IL-6, are associated with cancer cachexia. However, whether nonresponse to tramadol is related to cancer cachexia is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between tramadol response and cancer cachexia in patients with cancer pain.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with cancer who received tramadol treatment for mild to moderate pain from January 2016 to June 2019. Patients who experienced <20% pain reduction based on the numeric rating scale from baseline to day 7 after treatment with tramadol were defined as nonresponders. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between tramadol response and various patient characteristics, including cancer cachexia.

Results:

Of 115 patients, 79 were included in the analysis. A total of 24 patients experienced cancer cachexia, and 22 patients were nonresponders. In the univariate logistic analysis, cancer cachexia (odds ratio [OR]: 6.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.06-17.7), higher white blood cell counts (× 103/μL; OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04-1.61), and lower body mass index (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66-0.96) were significantly associated with nonresponse to tramadol. The multivariate logistic analysis revealed that cancer cachexia (OR: 5.27, 95% CI: 1.75-15.9) was the only significant factor associated with nonresponse to tramadol.

Conclusions:

Cancer cachexia in patients with cancer pain can be associated with nonresponse to tramadol.
Forming and Sustaining High-Quality Student–Teacher Relationships to Reduce Minor Behavioral Incidents
Authors: Kennedy Alana M. , Haydon Todd
Published: July 2020

The quality of the relationship that develops between a student and teacher has been connected to pivotal instructional and behavioral outcomes for students. The student–teacher relationship can specifically be harnessed to reduce minor behavioral infractions. However, it is an element of the learning environment that is often overlooked. This article outlines the importance of the student–teacher relationship and provides specific strategies gleaned from the existing literature that teachers could implement in their daily instruction to improve the quality of their relationships with students.
Papillophlebitis in a COVID-19 patient: Inflammation and hypercoagulable state
Authors: Insausti-García Alfredo , Reche-Sainz José Alberto , Ruiz-Arranz Celia , López Vázquez Ángel , Ferro-Osuna Manuel
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

Papillophlebitis is a rare condition characterized by venous congestion and optic disc edema, which has been suggested to occur as a consequence of inflammation of the retinal veins or, possibly, the capillaries of the optic disc, leading to venous insufficiency and compression of the central retina vein. The disease affects healthy young adults and commonly has a benign course, however, if complications such as macular edema or ischemia appears, treatment should be instituted immediately to avoid poor prognosis.

Case report:

A 40-year old white male patient consulted for a slight decrease in the sensitivity of the visual field in his left eye (OS). Visual acuities (VA) were 20/20 in both eyes. OS fundus examination showed dilated and tortuous retinal vessels, disc edema, and retinal hemorrhages. The patient was diagnosed with papillophlebitis. OS VA decreased to 20/200 due to macular edema, and he was treated with a intravitreal dexamethasone implant. An exhaustive and interdisciplinary exploration process was performed, identifying a recent disease and recovery of Covid-19 as the only factor of inflammation and coagulation alteration. Other systemic diseases were excluded. We also describe a rapid decrease in disc and macular edema after intravitreal dexametasone injection, which could support the inflammatory hypothesis.

Conclusion:

The importance of this case lies in the possible association of papillophlebitis with the new Covid-19 disease. We believe that the inflammatory reaction and the coagulation alteration present in our patient due to Sars-Cov2 coronavirus may have acted as risk factors for the development of papillophlebitis.
First Observation of an Acetate Switch in a Methanogenic Autotroph (Methanococcus maripaludis S2)
Authors: Vo Chi Hung , Goyal Nishu , Karimi Iftekhar A , Kraft Markus
Published: July 2020

The transition from acetate production by a microorganism in its early growth phase to acetate re-uptake in its late growth phase has been termed acetate switch. It has been observed in several heterotrophic prokaryotes, but not in an autotroph. Furthermore, all reports hitherto have involved the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This study reports the first observation of acetate switch in a methanogenic autotroph Methanococcus maripaludis S2, which uses the Wolfe cycle for its anaerobic respiration. When grown in minimal medium with carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source, and either ammonium or dinitrogen as the sole nitrogen source, M. maripaludis S2 dissimilated acetate in the early growth phase and assimilated it back in the late growth phase. The acetate switch was more pronounced in the dinitrogen-grown cultures. We postulate that the acetate dissimilation in M. maripaludis S2 may serve as a metabolic outlet for the carbon overflow in the early growth phase, and the assimilation in the late growth phase may be due to the scarcity of the carbon source. Based on the primary and secondary protein structures, we propose that MMP0253 may function as the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase to catalyse acetate formation from acetyl-CoA. To verify this, we produced MMP0253 via the ligation-independent cloning technique in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta (DE3) using pNIC28-Bsa4 as the vector. The recombinant protein showed catalytic activity, when added into a mixture of acetyl-CoA, ADP, and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The concentration profile of acetate, together with the enzymatic activity of MMP0253, shows that M. maripaludis S2 can produce acetate and exhibit an acetate switch.