bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Psalm 104 an expression (also) of dark green religion?
Authors: Viviers Hennie
Published: February 2017

Bron Taylor defines dark green religion as follows: ‘… a deep sense of belonging to and connectedness in nature, while perceiving the earth and its living systems to be sacred and interconnected’. Can Psalm 104, with its conspicuous focus on nature, also be described as an expression of dark green religion? Utilising especially the dark green values of belonging, interconnectedness and sacredness, it was found that the psalm aptly confirms Earth as home, illustrates a deep-seated kinship with other living creatures and acknowledges nature as intrinsically worthy or sacred through its close association with God. Of the four kinds of dark green religion, Gaian Naturalism and Naturalistic Animism (‘Darwinist’, naturalist view), Gaian Spirituality and Spiritual Animism (supernaturalist view), the psalm belongs to the last-mentioned, acknowledging Yahweh as upholding and ‘permeating’ the harmonious whole of creation. The poet is, however, also well informed of ‘natural’ knowledge of his environment (for his time obviously). The psalm’s joy, awe, astonishment, humility and fear (to a limited extent), being almost overwhelmed by awesome nature, are emotions that can also be shared by adherers to the naturalist view, those who doubt if there is some spiritual world running parallel to the natural world. The religious-like experience of naturalists provides common ground with the religious and enhances a much-needed change of view of respect towards nature.
Connections for On-Board Road Vehicle Electrical Wiring Harnesses Part 3: Multipole Connectors Flat Blade Terminals Dimensional Characteristics and Specific Requirements
Authors:   Electrical Distribution Steering Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard defines dimensional characteristics of existing flat blades of multipole connectors and specific requirements for on-board electrical harnesses of road vehicles.

This document applies to connectors designed to be disconnected after mounting in the vehicle in the case of repair and/or maintenance only.
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Operating Characteristics and User Interface
Authors:   Safety and Human Factors Standards Steering Committee
Published: February 2017

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is an enhancement of conventional cruise control systems that allows the ACC equipped vehicle to follow a forward vehicle at a pre-selected time gap by controlling the engine, power train, and/or service brakes. This SAE Standard focuses on specifying the minimum requirements for ACC system operating characteristics and elements of the user interface. This document applies to original equipment and aftermarket ACC systems for passenger vehicles (including motorcycles). This document does not apply to commercial vehicles. Furthermore, this document does not address future variations on ACC, such as “stop&go” ACC, that can bring the equipped vehicle to a stop and reaccelerate. Future revisions of this document should consider enhanced versions of ACC, as well as the integration of ACC with Forward Collision Warning (FCW).
Clutch Application Powertrain Startability Rating Requirements for Truck and Bus Applications
Authors:   Truck and Bus Powertrain Committee
Published: February 2017

Although not limited to, these installations are normally used on trucks considered as Medium Duty (Class 6 and 7), as well as Heavy Duty (Class 8).
Performance Based Standard for Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior Materials Using A Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Apparatus
Authors:   Textile and Flexible Plastics Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard specifies the operating procedures for a controlled irradiance, xenon-arc apparatus used for the accelerated exposure of various exterior automotive materials.
Drain and Fill Plug for use on Engines, Transmissions, and Axles
Authors:   Truck and Bus Powertrain Committee
Published: February 2017

Drain and Fill plugs used on engines, transmissions, transfer cases and front and rear drive axles for class 5 – 8 vehicles.
Vehicle Electromagnetic Immunity - Bulk Current Injection
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: February 2017

This part of SAE J551 specifies Bulk Current Injection (BCI) test methods and procedures for testing the electromagnetic immunity of electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles. The electromagnetic disturbance, considered in this part of SAE J551, will be limited to continuous narrow band electromagnetic fields.
SAE J551-1 specifies general, definitions, practical use, and basic principles of the test procedure.
Why Marry? The Role of Tradition in Women's Marital Aspirations
Authors: Carter Julia
Published: February 2017

While the individualisation trend has given way to a relational, reflexive turn in the sociology of relationships, there continues to be a writing out of convention and tradition in understanding relationship processes (excepting Gilding 2010 ). This paper aims to write tradition back into discussions around relationships by drawing on the accounts of young women and the central role that tradition plays in their relationship narratives. The analysis focuses on: participants’ accounts of marital security reflecting the desire for permanence in an impermanent world; accounts of romance and fairy tales in contrast to pragmatic concerns; and participants’ use of bricolage in combining the desire for ‘invented’ traditions with an emphasis on personal choice and agency. This paper highlights the ambivalent nature of the young women's discourse around relationships, agency and tradition: ultimately, themes of individualisation are revealed in their restatement of tradition. This emerges in three distinct ways: the emphasis on marital security appears as a response to ‘risky’ relationships; participants aspire to the ‘traditional family’ in response to growing fluidity in family relationships; and romance is appealed to in order to counteract their often very pragmatic approach to the life course. Thus, while there are changes in the ways couples can and do live in their relationships, there remains continuity in the ways that tradition is used by participants to articulate relationship aspirations. Tradition becomes reaffirmed in a context of individualism and de-traditionalisation which reflects a pragmatic response to changing social norms and values.
Exploring an Absent Presence: Wayfinding as an Embodied Sociocultural Experience
Authors: Symonds Paul , Brown David H.K. , Lo Iacono Valeria
Published: February 2017

Wayfinding has often been seen as being about the quickest or shortest possible route between two points (Hölscher et al 2011; Tam 2011 ; Haque et al 2006). Moreover, this process has very often been seen as a cognitive one, with the experiential nature of wayfinding and with the embodied, emotional and sociocultural aspects of this experience conspicuously absent. We argue that wayfinding is rarely a purely cognitive process that involves an individual person, who is entirely instrumental in navigating a direct and precise route, but instead that this is a process almost always directed according to embodied and sociocultural needs. We propose a reassessment of present wayfinding definitions and suggest an alternative understanding that includes sociocultural elements, embodied individuals and experience through their embodied senses, as crucial elements of the concept. Seeing wayfinding from this different sociocultural ontological viewpoint, opens up new ways of understanding and planning wayfinding systems.
Measuring Cultural Capital: Taste and Legitimate Culture of Czech Youth
Authors: Špaček Ondřej
Published: February 2017

The concept of legitimate culture plays a crucial role in the study of the relationship between the differentiation of tastes and the reproduction of social inequalities. Nevertheless, the actual role of legitimate culture in present society is often disputed in light of a supposed crumbling of the privileged structure of the fine arts. Meanwhile, the existing practice of survey research often neglects this institutional dimension of the legitimisation of taste and researchers often withdraw from attempts to develop an empirically-based scale to measure the legitimacy of taste. The aim of this paper is to develop a method of measurement of cultural capital which is based on empirical evaluation of the legitimacy of respondents’ taste. Specifically, this measurement links responses to open-ended questions about favourite cultural goods with institutionalized critical ratings. The particular focus is to answer how this methodologically innovative approach relates to prevalent instruments for measurement of cultural capital (highbrow culture attendance, educational credentials) and how it could inform the study of the change of legitimate culture. The study uses data from a survey of Czech youth cultural consumption (N=524). The results show close ties between the institutional measurement of cultural capital and the Bourdieusian application of Multiple Correspondence Analysis as a mean to identify significant cultural differences. While the feasibility of institutional measurement of cultural capital in survey data could be disputed, it is a useful tool to advance our understanding of how legitimate culture operates in present society.
Religion and Social Class: Theory and Method after Bourdieu
Authors: Mckinnon Andrew
Published: February 2017

This article outlines two inter-related but distinct theoretical approaches to the study of Christianity and Social Class developed from the work of Pierre Bourdieu. The first is a model derived from Distinction (Bourdieu [1979] 1984), the second comes from Bourdieu's work on religious fields with a focus on the conversion of capital between different fields. The former, better known, approach has the potential to provide important insights, including identifying the affinity of different religious groups with different class locations; on the other hand, this would tell us little about the internal workings of religious communities; it is also unfortunately hampered by a lack of suitable data. The conception of fields and their inter-relations will not answer the questions about the affinity of particular class fragments for particular kinds of religiosity, but it does provide much keener insight into the operation of class within religious communities, by examining the conversion of different types of capital into religious capital. This is illustrated with an extended Bourdieusian hypothesis, a schematic outline that could be used as the starting point for empirical research on the operation of different kinds of capital in the Church of England.
Effects of ozone–vegetation coupling on surface ozone air quality via biogeochemical and meteorological feedbacks
Authors: Sadiq Mehliyar , Tai Amos P. K. , Lombardozzi Danica , Val Martin Maria
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone is one of the most hazardous air pollutants as it harms both human health and plant productivity. Foliage uptake of ozone via dry deposition damages photosynthesis and causes stomatal closure. These foliage changes could lead to a cascade of biogeochemical and biogeophysical effects that not only modulate the carbon cycle, regional hydrometeorology and climate, but also cause feedbacks onto surface ozone concentration itself. In this study, we implement a semi-empirical parameterization of ozone damage on vegetation in the Community Earth System Model to enable online ozone–vegetation coupling, so that for the first time ecosystem structure and ozone concentration can coevolve in fully coupled land–atmosphere simulations. With ozone–vegetation coupling, present-day surface ozone is simulated to be higher by up to 4–6 ppbv over Europe, North America and China. Reduced dry deposition velocity following ozone damage contributes to ∼ 40–100 % of those increases, constituting a significant positive biogeochemical feedback on ozone air quality. Enhanced biogenic isoprene emission is found to contribute to most of the remaining increases, and is driven mainly by higher vegetation temperature that results from lower transpiration rate. This isoprene-driven pathway represents an indirect, positive meteorological feedback. The reduction in both dry deposition and transpiration is mostly associated with reduced stomatal conductance following ozone damage, whereas the modification of photosynthesis and further changes in ecosystem productivity are found to play a smaller role in contributing to the ozone–vegetation feedbacks. Our results highlight the need to consider two-way ozone–vegetation coupling in Earth system models to derive a more complete understanding and yield more reliable future predictions of ozone air quality.
Enhanced trans-Himalaya pollution transport to the Tibetan Plateau by cut-off low systems
Authors: Zhang Ruixiong , Wang Yuhang , He Qiusheng , Chen Laiguo , Zhang Yuzhong , Qu Hang , Smeltzer Charles , Li Jianfeng , Alvarado Leonardo M. A. , Vrekoussis Mihalis , Richter Andreas , Wittrock Folkard , Burrows John P.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Long-range transport followed by deposition of black carbon on glaciers of Tibet is one of the key issues of climate research as it induces changes on radiative forcing and subsequently impacting the melting of glaciers. The transport mechanism, however, is not well understood. In this study, we use short-lived reactive aromatics as proxies to diagnose transport of pollutants to Tibet. In situ observations of short-lived reactive aromatics across the Tibetan Plateau are analyzed using a regional chemistry and transport model. The model performance using the current emission inventories over the region is poor due to problems in the inventories and model transport. Top-down emissions constrained by satellite observations of glyoxal are a factor of 2–6 higher than the a priori emissions over the industrialized Indo-Gangetic Plain. Using the top-down emissions, agreement between model simulations and surface observations of aromatics improves. We find enhancements of reactive aromatics over Tibet by a factor of 6 on average due to rapid transport from India and nearby regions during the presence of a high-altitude cut-off low system. Our results suggest that the cut-off low system is a major pathway for long-range transport of pollutants such as black carbon. The modeling analysis reveals that even the state-of-the-science high-resolution reanalysis cannot simulate this cut-off low system accurately, which probably explains in part the underestimation of black carbon deposition over Tibet in previous modeling studies. Another model deficiency of underestimating pollution transport from the south is due to the complexity of terrain, leading to enhanced transport. It is therefore challenging for coarse-resolution global climate models to properly represent the effects of long-range transport of pollutants on the Tibetan environment and the subsequent consequence for regional climate forcing.
From the Caribbean to West Africa: Four weeks of continuous dust and marine aerosol profiling with shipborne polarization/Raman lidar – a contribution to SALTRACE
Authors: Rittmeister Franziska , Ansmann Albert , Engelmann Ronny , Skupin Annett , Baars Holger , Kanitz Thomas , Kinne Stefan
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Continuous vertically resolved monitoring of marine aerosol, Saharan dust, and marine/dust aerosol mixtures was performed with multiwavelength polarization/Raman lidar aboard the German research vessel R/V Meteor during a one-month transatlantic cruise from Guadeloupe to Cabo Verde over 4500 km (from 61.5° W to 2° W, mostly along 14.5° N) in April–May 2013, as part of SALTRACE (Saharan Aerosol Long-range Transport and Aerosol–Cloud Interaction Experiment). An overview of measured aerosol optical properties over the tropical Atlantic is given in terms of spectrally resolved particle backscatter and extinction coefficients, lidar ratio, and linear depolarization ratio. Height profiles from the marine boundary layer (MBL) up to the top of the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) are presented. MBL and SAL mean lidar ratios were around 20 and 40 sr. These values indicate clean marine conditions in the MBL and entrainment of marine particles into the lower part of the SAL. In the central and upper parts of the SAL, the lidar ratios were most frequently 50–60 sr and thus typical for Saharan dust. The MBL and SAL mean depolarization ratios were close to 0.05 and between 0.2–0.3, respectively, which reflects almost dust-free conditions in the MBL and the occurrence of a mixture of marine and dust particles in the SAL. The conceptual model, describing the long-range transport and removal processes of Saharan dust over the North Atlantic, is discussed and confronted with the lidar observations along the west-to-east track of the slowly moving research vessel. The role of turbulent downward mixing as an efficient dust removal process is illuminated. In a follow-up article (Rittmeister et al., 2017), the lidar observations of dust extinction coefficient and derived mass concentration profiles are compared with respective dust profiles simulated with three well-established European atmospheric aerosol and dust prediction models (MACC, NMMB/BSC-Dust, SKIRON).
The MSG-SEVIRI based cloud property data record CLAAS-2
Authors: Benas Nikos , Finkensieper Stephan , Stengel Martin , van Zadelhoff Gerd-Jan , Hanschmann Timo , Hollmann Rainer , Meirink Jan Fokke
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Clouds play a central role in the Earth's atmosphere, and satellite observations are crucial to monitor clouds and understand their impact on the energy budget and water cycle. Within the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) a new cloud property data record was derived from geostationary Meteosat Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) measurements for the time frame 2004–2015. The resulting CLAAS-2 (CLoud property dAtAset using SEVIRI, Edition 2) data record is publicly available via the CM SAF website (doi:10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/CLAAS/V002). In this paper we present an extensive evaluation of the CLAAS-2 cloud products, which include cloud fractional coverage, thermodynamic phase, cloud top properties, liquid/ice cloud water path and corresponding optical thickness and particle effective radius. Validation and comparisons were performed on both level 2 (native SEVIRI grid and repeat cycle) and level 3 (daily and monthly averages and histograms) data, with reference data sets derived from lidar, microwave and passive imager measurements. The evaluation results show a very good overall agreement, with matching spatial distributions and temporal variability, and small biases attributed mainly to differences in sensor characteristics, retrieval approaches, spatial/temporal samplings and viewing geometries. No major discrepancies were found. Underpinned by the good evaluation results, CLAAS-2 proves its fitness for the envisaged applications such as process studies, e.g. studies of the diurnal cycle of clouds, and the evaluation of regional climate models. The data record is planned to be extended and updated in the future.
Standardization of a geo-referenced fishing data set for the Indian Ocean bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus (1952–2014)
Authors: Wibawa Teja A. , Lehodey Patrick , Senina Inna
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Geo-referenced catch and fishing effort data of the bigeye tuna fisheries in the Indian Ocean over 1952–2014 were analyzed and standardized to facilitate population dynamics modeling studies. During this 62-year historical period of exploitation, many changes occurred both in the fishing techniques and the monitoring of activity. This study includes a series of processing steps used for standardization of spatial resolution, conversion and standardization of catch and effort units, raising of geo-referenced catch into nominal catch level, screening and correction of outliers, and detection of major catchability changes over long time series of fishing data, i.e., the Japanese longline fleet operating in the tropical Indian Ocean. A total of 30 fisheries were finally determined from longline, purse seine and other-gears data sets, from which 10 longline and 4 purse seine fisheries represented 96 % of the whole historical geo-referenced catch. Nevertheless, one-third of total nominal catch is still not included due to a total lack of geo-referenced information and would need to be processed separately, accordingly to the requirements of the study. The geo-referenced records of catch, fishing effort and associated length frequency samples of all fisheries are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.864154.
DebrisInterMixing-2.3: a finite volume solver for three-dimensional
debris-flow simulations with two calibration parameters – Part 2:
Model validation
Authors: v. Boetticher Albrecht , Turowski Jens M. , McArdell Brian W. , Rickenmann Dieter , Hürlimann Marcel , Scheidl Christian , Kirchner James W.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Here we present validation tests of the fluid dynamic solver presented in in v. Boetticher et al. (2016), simulating both laboratory-scale and large-scale debris-flow experiments. The new solver combines a Coulomb viscosplastic rheological model with a Herschel-Bulkley model based on material properties and rheological characteristics of the analysed debris flow. For the selected experiments in this study, all necessary material properties were known – the content of sand, clay (including its mineral composition) and gravel (including its friction angle) as well as the water content. We show that given these measured properties, two model parameters are sufficient for calibration, and a range of experiments with different material compositions can be reproduced by the model without recalibration. One calibration parameter, the Herschel–Bulkley exponent, was kept constant for all simulations. The model validation focuses on different case studies illustrating the sensitivity of debris flows to water and clay content, channel curvature, channel roughness and the angle of repose. We characterize the accuracy of the model using experimental observations of flow head positions, front velocities, run-out patterns and basal pressures.
An Investigation into the Relationship between Teleconnections and
Taiwan's Streamflow
Authors: Chen Chia-Jeng , Lee Tsung-Yu
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Interannual variations in catchment streamflow represent an integrated response to anomalies in regional moisture transport and atmospheric circulations and are ultimately linked to large-scale climate oscillations. This study investigates the relationship between Taiwan’s long-term summertime (July to September, JAS) streamflow and manifold teleconnection patterns. Lagged correlation analysis is conducted to calculate how JAS streamflow data derived at 28 upstream and 13 downstream gauges in Taiwan correlate with 14 teleconnection indices in the current or preceding seasons. Of the many indices, the West-Pacific and Pacific-Japan (PJ) patterns, both of which play a critical role in determining cyclonic activity in the western North Pacific basin, exhibit the highest concurrent correlations (most significant r = 0.50) with the JAS flows in Taiwan. Alternately, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation averaged over the period from the previous October to June of the current year is significantly correlated with the JAS flows (most significant r = −0.66), indicating some forecasting utility. By further examining the correlation results using a 20-year moving window, peculiar temporal variations and possible climate regime shifts (CRSs) can be revealed. To identify suspicious, abrupt changes in the correlation, a CRS test is employed. The late 1970s and 1990s are identified as two significant change points, and during the intermediate period, a marked in-phase relationship (r > 0.8) between Taiwan's streamflow and the PJ index is observed. Linear regression models that incorporate the climate indices into streamflow prediction are found to provide reasonable prediction skill in general, and the models are then used to illustrate the dramatic variations in prediction skill from the pre- to post-regime shift epoch. It is verified that the two shifts are in concordance with the alteration of large-scale circulations in the Pacific basin. The changes in pattern correlation and composite maps before and after the change point are discussed, and our results suggest that empirical forecasting techniques should take into account the effect of CRSs on predictor screening.
Quantifying the effect of forests on frequency and intensity of rockfalls
Authors: Moos Christine , Dorren Luuk , Stoffel Markus
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Forests serve as a natural means of protection against small rockfalls. Due to their barrier effect, they reduce the intensity and the propagation probability of falling rocks and thus reduce the occurrence frequency of a rockfall event for a given element at risk. However, despite established knowledge on the protective effect of forests, they are generally neglected in quantitative rockfall risk analyses. Their inclusion in quantitative rockfall risk assessment would, however, be necessary to express their efficiency in monetary terms and to allow comparison of forests with other protective measures, such as nets and dams. The goal of this study is to quantify the effect of forests on the occurrence frequency and intensity of rockfalls. We therefore defined an onset frequency of blocks based on a power-law magnitude–frequency distribution and determined their propagation probabilities on a virtual slope based on rockfall simulations. Simulations were run for different forest and non-forest scenarios under varying forest stand and terrain conditions. We analysed rockfall frequencies and intensities at five different distances from the release area. Based on two multivariate statistical prediction models, we investigated which of the terrain and forest characteristics predominantly drive the role of forest in reducing rockfall occurrence frequency and intensity and whether they are able to predict the effect of forest on rockfall risk. The rockfall occurrence frequency below forested slopes is reduced between approximately 10 and 90 % compared to non-forested slope conditions; whereas rockfall intensity is reduced by 10 to 70 %. This reduction increases with increasing slope length and decreases with decreasing tree density, tree diameter and increasing rock volume, as well as in cases of clustered or gappy forest structures. The statistical prediction models reveal that the cumulative basal area of trees, block volume and horizontal forest structure represent key variables for the prediction of the protective effect of forests. In order to validate these results, models have to be tested on real slopes with a wide variation of terrain and forest conditions.
Sediment loading in Fennoscandia during the last glacial cycle
Authors: van der Wal Wouter , IJpelaar Thijs
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Models for postglacial rebound, or Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) routinely include the effects of meltwater redistribution and changes in topography and coastlines. Since the sediment transport related to the dynamics of ice sheets may be comparable to that of sea level rise in terms of surface pressure, the loading effect of sediment deposition could cause measurable ongoing viscous readjustment. Here we study the loading effect of glacial induced sediment redistribution (GISR) related to the Weichselian ice sheet in Fennoscandia and the Barents Sea. The surface loading effect and its effect on the gravitational potential is modelled by including changes in sediment thickness in the sea level equation following the method of Dalca et al. (2013). Sediment displacement estimates are estimated in two different ways: (i) from a compilation of studies on smaller features: through mouth fans, large scale failure and basin flux and (ii) from output of a coupled ice-sediment model. To account for uncertainty in Earth’s rheology three viscosity profiles are used. It is found that sediment transport can lead to changes in relative sea level of at most several meters with the largest effect occurring earlier in the deglaciation. This magnitude is below the error level of most of the relative sea level data because data are sparse and errors are larger for older data. The maximum effect on present-day uplift rates is a few tenths of mm yr−1, which is around the measurement error of long-term GPS monitoring networks. The maximum effect on present-day gravity rates as measured by the GRACE satellite mission is up to tenths of μGal yr−1, which is larger than the measurement error. Since GISR causes systematic uplift in most mainland Scandinavia, including GISR in GIA models would improve interpretation of GPS and GRACE observations there.
Evacuation and Community Issues Caused by Nuclear Disaster in Fukushima Japan
Authors: Takagi Akira
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study is to clarify the evacuation behaviors of the local residents in a small rural community called “T” district in Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture at the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) on March 11th, 2011 and how their personal relationship changed subsequently. This district suffered more impact from the nuclear disaster caused by Tokyo Electrical Power Company Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (TEPCO-1F NPS) accident than from the earthquake itself: a split in the community arising from the residents’ various evacuation behaviors and disagreement in their attitudes toward radioactivity. For example, a serious conflict occurred between those who returned from out-of–district evacuation (“escapees”) and those who consistently stayed within the district (“non-escapees”). However, on the other hand, as a way to maintain their community functions, there was an attempt made by the returnees inside the community in order to temper the conflict and another attempt provided from outside of the community such as the re-start of university student experience program which had been carried out by the local residents before the GEJE. Now that nearly 6 years have passed since the occurrence of the GEJE, the community conflict is becoming less obvious but not yet completely solved.
About the Match of Trainees’ Learning Styles to Their Tutors’ Instructional Strategies and the Correlation of This Match with the Trainees’ Academic Achievements
Authors: Krisher Hagit , Sabag Nissim
Published: February 2017

The match between students’ learning styles (LS) and their teachers’ instructional strategies (IS) and the correlation of this LS-IS match with students’ academic achievements was studied in earlier research. However, there is no report of research where one-on-one education is implemented. Moreover, there are no references relating the match of a trainees’ LS to their tutors’ IS and the correlation of this LS-IS match with the trainees’ achievements. Accordingly, the current paper presents a study designed to investigate the correlation between a trainees’ achievements and the LS-IS match. Two different methods were used to measure the LS-IS match. First, calculating the correlation between trainees’ LS and tutors’ IS (LS-IS correlation); second, calculating the LS-IS distance. Forty-two trainees with learning disabilities were paired with 39 tutors (three tutors had two trainees each) during the 2016 academic year. Thus, 42 pairs of trainees and tutors worked to help the trainees achieve better academic grades. The Felder-Soloman Index of Learning Styles (ILS) was used to measure the trainees’ preferred LS and the tutors’ preferred IS. In the first method, the LS-IS correlations were correlated with the trainees’ grades; then, in the second method, the LS–IS distances were correlated with trainees’ grades. If the LS-IS match influences the trainees’ achievements, significant positive correlations in the first method and significant negative correlation in the second method must appear. However, the results show no significant correlation (positive or negative, accordingly) between the LS-IS match and students’ achievements at the end of the first semester of 2016. A replication of the above study was made in the second semester of 2016 and similar results were obtained.
Telemedicine: New horizons in healthcare
Authors: Radfar Amir , Chevalier Carol Lynn , Rouse Nicole , Patriche Diana , Filip Irina
Published: February 2017

Objective: Telemedicine allows physicians to provide medical care remotely through audiovisual technology. Telemedicine may address many challenges facing our society: an aging population, chronic disease management, and healthcare cost. With this work, we attempt to evaluate how telemedicine can effect a change in these challenges, and evaluate what obstacles prevent some providers from using it.Methods: In this work, the cost-effectiveness, success of telemedicine care, usefulness in reaching developing and underdeveloped areas, difficulties preventing the use of telemedicine, and proposals to overcome these challenges were reviewed and analyzed.Results: Cost of telemedicine was reported 19% less expensive than traditional face-to-face care. In several studies, telemedicine was documented to have had equal or better outcomes for obstructive sleep apnea, geriatrics, heart failure, preventative medicine, and patient compliance. Difficulties in using telemedicine include affordability of equipment, lack of technical support in developing or underdeveloped areas, legality of licensure and patient privacy and satisfaction.Conclusions: Although cost savings and convenience are major advantages of this technology, concerns with delivery barriers and challenges require cautious embracement of telemedicine. A great deal of research is needed to show that telemedicine improves patient centered outcomes.
Do teen mentors improve the effectiveness of a culturally-adapted lifestyle intervention in Arab American youth? A randomized, controlled study
Authors: Kridli Suha Al-Oballi , Liu Yung-Wen , Bates Amity , Jilian Maria , Hayes Deana , Jaber Linda A.
Published: February 2017

Objective: Rates of overweight and obesity have been steadily increasing among Arab American youths. The current study aimed to measure the effectiveness of a translated and culturally adapted health education curriculum, Just for Kids!, for 3rd, 4th and 5th grade children delivered by trained high school aged mentors compared to the same content delivered by an adult group leader in a classroom setting. The contribution of a culturally-specific lifestyle intervention targeting parents on the effectiveness of the curriculum was also assessed.Methods: A four-group randomized controlled trial was used, which incorporated a pretest-posttest design to evaluate and compare the effects of two curriculum delivery methods. Study participants were randomly assigned to teen mentors or adult led groups.Results: Nutritional knowledge improved in all groups with the most significant increase noted in individually-mentored participants with parental involvement. Individually-mentored participants with parental involvement (n = 17) had improved intentions (mean = 1.600, p = .990) and self-efficacy (mean = -1.233, p = .946) toward being physically active (mean = 1.600, p = .990) relative to participants in the adult-led group with parental involvement (n = 26).Conclusions: Study results supported the use of teen mentors in obesity prevention among Arab American children. Improved attitudes, intentions and self-efficacy toward eating healthfully were found among all participants in this study.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Programs
Authors: Sanders James O. , Brown Gregory Alexander , Murray Jayson , Pezold Ryan , Sevarino Kaitlyn
Published: February 2017

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has developed Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs. Evidence-based information, in conjunction with the clinical expertise of physicians, was used to develop the criteria to improve patient care and obtain best outcomes while considering the subtleties and distinctions necessary in making clinical decisions. The clinical patient scenarios presented in the AUC document ACL Injury Prevention Programs were derived from indications typical of patients who commonly present with ACL injuries in clinical practice as well as from current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and supporting literature. The 48 patient scenarios and 1 treatment were developed by the Writing Panel, a group of clinicians who are specialists in this AUC topic. Next, a separate, multidisciplinary Voting Panel made up of specialists and nonspecialists rated the appropriateness of treatment of each patient scenario using a 9-point scale to designate a treatment as Appropriate (median rating, 7 to 9), May Be Appropriate (median rating, 4 to 6), or Rarely Appropriate (median rating, 1 to 3).
Researcher Teacher Program: Achievements and Shortcomings
Authors: Nami Shamsi , Matin Nematallah
Published: February 2017

This paper reports the results of a study entitled "Pathology and Researcher Teacher Program promotion and development approaches”. The aim of this study is to identify achievements, the cooperation and participation of teachers and principals in school activities in Researcher Teacher Plan and awareness of the shortcomings and obstacles in the implementation of this program. The research method is descriptive. The population statistic in this study involves two groups of researcher and non-researcher teachers and administrators. The sample consisted of 500 members who are estimated according to the population size on the basis of Kerjcie and Morgan table. Moreover, to select desired sample, multi-stage sampling method is used. Totally, 19 districts region of Tehran are divided into 5 categories and one region is randomly selected of each category and also from each region girls and boy’s school in primary school, secondary and high schools are chosen randomly and a number of researcher and non-researcher teachers and administrators of schools are selected randomly as samples size. Two types of questionnaire are used for data collection. In order to study the form and content tools, the opinions of 10 experts and Cronbach’s alpha is used to calculate reliability. The results showed that obstacles and shortcomings measurement has are significant level of P<0.5 and alpha coefficient is obtained 0.715 and questionnaire to assess the qualitative achievements of the plan has a significant level P<0.5 and Alpha as 0.587. Results showed achievements for researcher teacher is far greater than non- researcher teachers and administrators. Furthermore, researcher teachers and administrators have participated more than non-researcher ones in holding briefings, workshops and council meetings teachers but no significant differences appears in participation between the two groups of teachers in workshops and council meetings there. Non-Researcher teachers and administrators state that obstacles and shortcomings of non-researcher teacher’s plans are more than researcher teachers and administrators. However, both group almost are deployed similarly the first six obstacles as priorities 1 to 6.
Regional and International Cooperation to Reduce Nagorno – Karabakh Conflict
Authors: Mortazavian Ali , Ghiacy Mohammad
Published: February 2017

Almost two decades since conflict broke out between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia, two northern neighbors of Iran, in Nagorno – Karabakh region. Although military conflict in this region has minimized with the existing ceasefire, and reaching a sustainable agreement is likely to be happened by the two parties. Close regional and international cooperation seems necessary more than ever in order to reduce conflict in Nagorno – Karabakh region. The main objective of this study is to give a thorough presentation of the regional and international cooperation in order to reduce Nagorno – Karabakh regional issues and hazards.Hereunder is the main question raised by the researcher: “To what extent regional and international cooperation is effective in reducing Nagorno – Karabakh conflict?”The hypothesis of the present study is that the interrelated nature of security in the international system and Caucasus region causes convergence among neighboring countries to reduce conflict in Caucasus and Nagorno – Karabakh regions. Taking advantage of the analytic – descriptive method and also benefiting from reliable and authentic sources, it can be concluded that the interdependence of threat will lead to the increased mutual costs in this study. This issue will cause formation of convergence in the Caucasus region, so that it will lead to the reduced conflict and tension in Nagorno – Karabakh region.
Documents of Humanitarian Law and Support of Family in the Situation of Armed Conflicts
Authors: Khabbaz Zahra , Roshan Mohammad , Taghizadeh Ebrahim , Khosravi Hassan
Published: February 2017

At current era, international humanitarian law has much importance and different dimensions while before the establishment of the United Nations Organization; merely bill conventions considered this issue. But after the formation of the United Nations Organization, Geneva rights were formed in 1949. Humanitarian law has different dimensions like family discussions that have been reflected in numerous documents of humanitarian law. For example, in quadruple Geneva conventions and two additional protocols, the cases from this view for exerting some humane supports of families can be considered. Even in some cases, according to the competence of the international penal court, some crimes against women and children have been criminalized, and massive criminal guarantees have been ordained for dealing with them. Therefore, in this article about the necessity and importance of the support of a family dynasty as the central core of human societies, numerous documents of humanitarian law have been studied and analyzed for supporting this important social element. Also, this result was obtained that in armed conflicts such as domestic or international, protection of a relation between the family members and special support of women, physically challenged persons and children in the first degree are considered as supportive priorities in Geneva conventions and supportive documents of humanitarian law.
Examining of Relationship between Responsibility to Protect & Sovereignty of States in Light of Practice of International Community
Authors: Karimi Alireza , Koosha A. , Asfad M. Najafi , Ansari M. T.
Published: February 2017

With the end of the civil war and fading of military and ideological competitions of the superpowers and drastic changes in the international system, maintaining peace and security has been closely associated with the political, social economic and cultural structures of states and their behavior in observing the criteria of human rights. The Security Council as an organ, established for keeping Peace and Security has experienced great opposition to the sovereignty of states by using human rights rules as an alibi, and even has paved the way for military intervention. Normally, material breach of the human rights criteria and fundamental liberties can endanger the international peace and security. In this type of situations, the issue can be discussed in the Security Council with the request of the general assembly and the general secretary. IF the Security Council confirms a threat consequent to the material violation of human rights rules, it can enforce the required actions, regarding its obligations and authorities. The intervention of the Security Council as a representative of the international community with regard to taking decisions for humanitarian intervention in the context of the responsibility to protect and denying the absolute sovereignty of states on one hand and encouraging the states to guarantee the observance of civil rights of people and enabling them in the field of public welfare and even military intervention and protecting nations against tragedies such as genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, on the other hand are significant challenges. Although the responsibility to protect is practiced in the direction of legitimate intervention in the domestic affairs of sovereign nation – states with the objective of protecting humanitarian rules, actually after 2001, the chances for humanitarian measures have been decreased. In this article, we will examine this issue that from the beginning of the third millennium what effects, the concept of responsibility to protect has had by limiting the sovereignty of states and redefining it, aligned with the humanitarian intervention by the Security Council?
Verification of Crime Due to Violence against Women in Karaj City and Effective Factors to Prevent It
Authors: Momeni Mahdi
Published: February 2017

According to the new developments of criminology and approaches to crime victims. Victim – centered approach based on the conditions governing the development of crime and victim in order to prevent crime and reduce its implications are examined. A criminological finding suggests that some individuals for the reason that some of the special Features of biological and psychological and social victim are more at risk than others. Women often are in this context. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of violence in the city of Karaj.This research field of Karaj questionnaire about 384 women and using cluster and systematically implemented, at 2015-2016. The findings show that, there is violence in the mentioned society in various aspects. Most of the current violence is the psychological and sexual violence and economic violence is lowest. There is a direct and meaning full relationship between the notion authoritative man of his role and violence against women.Also there is an inverse and meaningful relationship between the contribution of the husband at home work and violence against women.There is a meaningful and direct relationship between men and women experience violence in their families and violence against women.
Should translations be assessed holistically or through error analysis?
Authors: Waddington Christopher
Published: February 2017

Teachers of translation use a variety of methods to evaluate their students’ translations. This paper discusses two kinds of methods typically used at European universities, those based on error analysis and those based on a holistic approach. With the results of the research carried out for his Ph.D. thesis, the author examines the quality of these ap-proaches and suggests possible improvements in the assessment of student translations.
The Rhetoric of Green Hotels
Authors: Frandsen Finn , Johansen Winni
Published: February 2017

The last two decades have seen environmentalism become a core value in western societies. This evolution, and in particular the rise of environmental consumerism, has not only forced the marketplace to be more responsive to products and services promising environmental responsibility, but has also created new types of communication, including new text genres and a new rhetoric. The purpose of this article is to analyse the environmental rhetoric of green hotels in Denmark. The article briefly presents the differences and similarities between political and commercial green discourse and then discusses the paradoxes of green marketing as reflected in the texts of some of the most important green hotel chains and associations of green hotels in Denmark. The article devotes its analysis to select rhetorical aspects of two genres, the green hotel brochure and the green card or "towel card".