bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quels sont les paramètres qui peuvent influencer l’efficacité des programmes d’entraînement aux habiletés sociales auprès d’enfants agressifs ?
Authors: Boisjoli Rachel , Vitaro Frank
Published: May 2023

Les programmes d’entraînement aux habiletés sociales chez les enfants agressifs sont largement utilisés dans le cadre de programmes de prévention visant à contrer les risques de violence, de délinquance et de décrochage scolaire. L’efficacité de ces programmes est toutefois très variable. Ce texte passe en revue les paramètres susceptibles de favoriser ou de freiner les effets de ces programmes. Ceux-ci sont considérés comme des variables potentiellement modératrices pouvant affecter à la hausse ou à la baisse l’impact des programmes d’entraînement aux habiletés sociales. Certains paramètres se rapportent aux caractéristiques des participants ou aux caractéristiques de leur milieu de vie, alors que d’autres sont liés à l’intervention même. La conclusion fait ressortir l’importance de l’étude de ces variables afin d’améliorer les programmes d’entraînement aux habiletés sociales.
Altérités poétiques d’un récit de vie. Parabole du failli de Lyonel Trouillot
Authors: Cévaër Françoise
Published: May 2023

Dans Parabole du failli (2013), Lyonel Trouillot rend hommage au célèbre comédien haïtien Karl Marcel Casséus, disparu en 1997. Dans ce récit qui concilie trois genres (le roman, la notice nécrologique et la poésie), l’auteur tente de circonscrire l’énigme de la vie de Pedro, personnage principal de la fiction, un comédien connu écrivant des poèmes en secret. Trois écritures conversent et se complètent pour raconter une même histoire, toutes assorties d’un discours métafictionnel interrogeant les choix d’écritures au sein de l’entreprise biographique ainsi que la part et les effets possibles de chacune d’entre elles dans la figuration d’un individu, l’historicisation d’une expérience et la fictionnalisation d’une vie. Au-delà du portrait empirique de l’artiste et du récit de la vie de Pedro, ce qui advient dans Parabole du failli c’est l’aventure poétique elle-même comme objet essentiel d’une entreprise biographique totale où se croisent le destin d’un poète et celui d’un roman, où s’entrelacent la trajectoire d’une existence et le parcours d’une écriture, tous subsumés par la poésie.
Problems of the lawyer's use of information technologies in activities to protect the rights of the victim in criminal proceedings.
Authors: Vaitiushkevich Anastasia Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2023

The problems of using information technologies are relevant due to their constant development and implementation in various spheres of human life. Advocacy is no exception. This article is devoted to the peculiarities of their application in the implementation of activities to protect the rights of the victim in criminal proceedings. The author has studied the types and methods of their use at various stages of legal assistance: entering into a case, collecting evidence, participating in a court hearing on a criminal case. The author pays special attention to the peculiarities of assigning a lawyer to a minor victim using an automated system developed with the participation of the Federal Chamber of Lawyers of the Russian Federation.     In the work, the author analyzed the current regulatory legal acts, including the latest amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation regulating the use of electronic document management in criminal proceedings. The peculiarities of the use of information technologies in the process of providing legal assistance have repeatedly become the subject of research, however, the problems arising in the protection of the rights of the victim in criminal proceedings have not received due attention from scientists. According to the results of the study, the author concluded that there is insufficient regulation of some aspects of digital technologies in advocacy, for example, sending electronic lawyer requests, participating in court proceedings via videoconference, assigning a lawyer to a minor victim. Ways to eliminate existing gaps were proposed.
Progress on the experimental search for the chiral magnetic effect, the chiral vortical effect, and the chiral magnetic wave
Authors: Shou Qi-Ye , Zhao Jie , Xu Hao-Jie , Li Wei , Wang Gang , Tang Ai-Hong , Wang Fu-Qiang ,   Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application, Ministry of Education, Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China,   Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Natural Science Foundion of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China,   School of Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China,   Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston 77005, USA,   Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA,   Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York 11973, USA,   Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA
Published: May 2023

In quantum chromodynamics, the interactions of quarks with the topological gluon field can lead to nonconservation of local parity (P) and conjugated parity (CP) , which provides a solution to the strong CP problem and a possibility to explain the asymmetry of matter-antimatter in the current universe. Under the action of a strong magnetic field, the nonconservation of P and CP can lead to the separation of particles according to their electric charges, which is called the chiral magnetic effect (CME). An observation of the CME-induced charge separation will confirm several fundamental properties of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), namely, approximate chiral symmetry restoration, topological charge fluctuation, and local parity violation. In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, there are other chiral anomalous effects similar to the CME, such as the chiral vortical effect (CVE) and the chiral magnetic wave (CMW). This review briefly summarizes the current progress of experimental research on the CME, CVE, and CMW in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Microbial Community Structure in Temperate Forest Based on PLFA Method
Authors: Wang Wei , He Xue , He Xin , Song Yu , Qi Dandan , Song Fuqiang
Published: May 2023

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. However, previous studies on the effects of nitrogen deposition on microorganisms have primarily focused on nitrogen-sensitive tropical forest ecosystems. This study focused on soil in a temperate Korean pine plantation and conducted a field simulated nitrogen deposition experiment. The effects of different nitrogen application rates on the microbial community structure were analyzed using the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method. The experiment included four nitrogen application rates: control (CK: 0 kg N ha−1 yr−1), low nitrogen treatment (LN: 20 kg N ha−1 yr−1), medium nitrogen treatment (MN: 40 kg N ha−1 yr−1), and high nitrogen treatment (HN: 80 kg N ha−1 yr−1). After seven years of continuous application of ammonium nitrate solution, the soil microbial community structure was determined using the PLFA method. The results showed that all nitrogen application rates significantly reduced the PLFA concentration of fungi and AM fungi (P < 0.05), while bacterial biomass significantly decreased in the high nitrogen treatment group. The biomass of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria (G-), and actinomycetes also significantly decreased in the HN treatment group. Furthermore, long-term application of high nitrogen concentration (80 kg N ha−1 yr−1) significantly reduced soil microbial biomass and changed the fungal to bacterial ratio, thus affecting the soil microbial community structure. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil microbial and soil chemical properties found that the long-term simulated nitrogen deposition experiment affected the soil microbial community structure by changing the content of soil N, P elements, and soil pH values. In summary, long-term simulated N deposition can negatively affect soil microbial biomass and its community structure, and the main reason for this analysis is related to long-term N application leading to soil acidification and changes in the conversion of soil N and P elements.
Effect of Nano Zinc Oxide Seed Treatment on Physiological Growth and Biophysical Traits and Seed Quality of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
Authors: Gupta Alok Kumar , Samaiya R. K. , Singh Yogendra , Rahangdale Shivangi , Nayak Prety Sagar
Published: May 2023

The field experiment was conducted at Seed Technology Research Center, Department of Plant breeding and Genetics, JNKVV-Jabalpur Kharif-2021. Growth analytical attributes studies indicated superior performance of seed treatment with nano-ZnO @500mg L-1 for LAI @60 DAS (days after sowing), @70 DAS, @80 DAS, LAD, CGR, RGR and BMD w.r.t. 24.26%, 21.39%, 28.50%, 12.09%, 21.42%, 20.17% and 20.56% enhancement over control. Varietal studies revealed superior performance of variety JS 20-116 for LAI, LAD, CGR, RGR and BMD. Biophysical parameters studies revealed superior performance of seed treatment with nano –ZnO @500mg L-1 for chlorophyll content index and energy interception with 5.19% and 26.51% enhancement over control respectively. With respect to variety superior performance of variety JS-20-116 for chlorophyll content index and energy interception. Seed quality parameters studies indicated superior performance of seed treatment with nano–ZnO @500mg L-1 for final plant stand, germination, and seed vigour index I and seed vigour index II with respect to 29.16%, 14.11%, 26.40% and 21.43% enhancement over control. With respect to variety, superior performance of variety JS-20-116 for final plant stand, and seed vigour index I and seed vigour index II and JS 20-34 for seed germination. This results justifies that the seed treatment with nano formulation in the form of ZnO @ 500mg L-1 will improve growth analytical attributes, physiological efficiency and seed quality of the soybean. Hence the seed treatment with nano-ZnO @500mg L-1 is recommended to farmers for maximum productivity, physiological efficiency and sowing seed quality.
Aesthetic Conservative Management of Fluorosis Affected Teeth with Resin Infiltration: Case Report
Authors: Bhullar Kanwalpreet K. , Malhotra Shantun , Kaur Manpreet , Malhotra Mahima , Kanupriya
Published: May 2023

Aims: The scientific case report aims to show recent technique of minimally invasive procedure for aesthetic resolution in moderate to severe fluorosis affected teeth.

Presentation of Case:  A clinical case of severe fluorosis was treated with microabrasion followed by resin infiltration. A commercial resin was applied on the facial surfaces of the anterior teeth resulting in masking of spots and re-establishing color uniformity.

Discussion: The procedure proved to be a good option to mask spots associated with moderate to severe fluorosis. Moreover, it is a relatively quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive treatment.

Conclusion: This case report demonstrates that the microabrasion and resin infiltration technique  is an effective conservative aesthetic treatment. It minimizes an individual’s tooth discoloration when diagnosed with moderate to severe levels of dental fluorosis and has shown a good outcome even after twelve months.
Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence and Desire for Medication Cost Information Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older in the US in 2022
Authors: Dusetzina Stacie B. , Besaw Robert J. , Whitmore Christine C. , Mattingly T. Joseph , Sinaiko Anna D. , Keating Nancy L. , Everson Jordan
Published: May 2023

Importance

Rising prescription drug costs and increasing prices for consumer goods may increase cost-related medication nonadherence. Cost-conscious prescribing can be supported by real-time benefit tools, but patient views on real-time benefit tool use and their potential benefits and harms are largely unexplored.

Objective

To assess older adults’ cost-related medication nonadherence, cost-coping strategies, and views on the use of real-time benefit tools in clinical practice.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A weighted, nationally representative survey of adults aged 65 years and older administered via the internet and telephone from June 2022 to September 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Cost-related medication nonadherence; cost coping strategies; desire for cost conversations; potential benefits and harms from real-time benefit tool use.

Results

Among 2005 respondents, most were female (54.7%) and partnered (59.7%); 40.4% were 75 years or older. Cost-related medication nonadherence was reported by 20.2% of participants. Some respondents used extreme forms of cost-coping, including foregoing basic needs (8.5%) or going into debt (4.8%) to afford medications. Of respondents, 89.0% reported being comfortable or neutral about being screened before a physician's visit for wanting to have medication cost conversations and 89.5% indicated a desire for their physician to use a real-time benefit tool. Respondents expressed concern if prices were inaccurate, with 49.9% of those with cost-related nonadherence and 39.3% of those without reporting they would be extremely upset if their actual medication price was more than what their physician estimated with a real-time benefit tool. If the actual price was much more than the estimated real-time benefit tool price, nearly 80% of respondents with cost-related nonadherence reported that it would affect their decision to start or keep taking a medication. Furthermore, 54.2% of those with any cost-related nonadherence and 30% of those without reported they would be moderately or extremely upset if their physicians used a medication price tool but chose not to discuss prices with them.

Conclusions and Relevance

In 2022, approximately 1 in 5 older adults reported cost-related nonadherence. Real-time benefit tools may support medication cost conversations and cost-conscious prescribing, and patients are enthusiastic about their use. However, if disclosed prices are inaccurate, there is potential for harm through loss of confidence in the physician and nonadherence to prescribed medications.
Endothelial cell‐derived extracellular vesicles induce pro‐angiogenic responses in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Abdik Hüseyin , Kırbaş Oğuz Kaan , Bozkurt Batuhan Turhan , Avşar Abdik Ezgi , Hayal Taha Bartu , Şahin Fikrettin , Taşlı Pakize Neslihan
Published: May 2023

Angiogenesis is a central component of vital biological processes such as wound healing, tissue nourishment, and development. Therefore, angiogenic activities are precisely maintained with secreted factors such as angiopoietin‐1 (Ang1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). As an element of intracellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs)—particularly EVs of vascular origin—could have key functions in maintaining angiogenesis. However, the functions of EVs in the control of angiogenesis have not been fully studied. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC)‐derived small EVs (<200 nm; HU‐sEVs) were investigated as a potential pro‐angiogenic agent. Treating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and mature HUVEC cells with HU‐sEVs induced their tube formation under in vitro conditions and significantly increased the expression of angiogenesis‐related genes, such as Ang1, VEGF, Flk‐1 (VEGF receptor 2), Flt‐1 (VEGF receptor 1), and vWF (von Willebrand Factor), in a dose‐dependent manner. These results indicate that HU‐sEVs take part in angiogenesis activities in physiological systems, and suggest endothelial EVs as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of angiogenesis‐related diseases.
Epoxy Adhesives with Reversible Hardeners: Controllable Thermal Debonding in Bulk and at Interfaces
Authors: Van Lijsebetten Filip , Maiheu Tim , Winne Johan M. , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: May 2023

On‐demand adhesive dismantling has the potential to improve multimaterial product recycling, but its implementation has been hampered by a critical trade‐off between strong bonding and easy debonding. As a result, the temperature range in which these temporary adhesives can be used is relatively limited. Here, a new class of dynamic epoxy resins is reported that significantly extends this upper temperature limit and still achieves fast debonding. Specifically, two types of dynamic polyamidoamine curing agents for epoxy hardening are developed, being polysuccinamides (PSA) and polyglutaramides (PGA). As the dynamic debonding/rebonding process of PSA and especially PGA linkages is more thermally demanding and at the same time more thermally robust than previously reported dynamic covalent systems, the resulting materials can be triggered at high temperatures, and at the same time remain bonded over a wide temperature range. The versatility of the PSA and PGA dynamic adhesive curing system is demonstrated in classical bulk adhesive formulations, as well as in dynamic covalent linking to a PSA‐ or PGA‐functionalized surface. As a result, an attractive drop‐in strategy is achieved for producing debondable and rebondable epoxy adhesives, with high complementarity to existing adhesive resin technologies and applicable in an industrially relevant temperature window.
Specific and Label‐Free Sensing of Prostate‐Specific Antigen (PSA) from an Ultrasmall Drop of Diluted Human Serum with the Meta‐Nano‐Channel Silicon Field‐Effect Biosensor
Authors: Samanta Soumadri , Bhattacharyya Ie Mei , Prajapati Ashish , Ron Izhar , Shima‐Edelstein Ruth , Pikhay Evgeny , Greental Doron , Eisenberg‐Lerner Avital , Rotfogel Ziv , Roizin Yakov , Akabayov Barak , Shalev Gil
Published: May 2023

Self‐use tests are the future of medical diagnostics. Hence, there is a need for low‐cost, simple‐to‐use sensing of multiple analytes from ultrasmall physiological samples. The Meta‐Nano‐Channel (MNC) field‐effect biosensor is employed for sensing of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). The novelty of the MNC biosensor is: (1) it allows to optimize the coupling between the electrostatics of the biological interactions and the readout current, and (2) it allows to electrostatically affect the biological complexes postinteraction. These attributes yield an optimized and tunable sensing performance. The MNC biosensor is fabricated in a high‐volume silicon chip factory for this research, and an excellent repeatability and robustness in an environment of 1:100 diluted serum is demonstrated. Specific and label‐free PSA sensing is demonstrated from ultrasmall 0.5 µL drops of 1:100 diluted serum with a limit‐of‐detection of 1 fg mL−1, and excellent linearity over a concentration range of six orders of magnitude. Importantly, the attributes of the MNC biosensor allow for a tunable sensitivity and a tunable dynamic range.
A Novel Silver Nanoparticles‐Decorated Metal‐Organic Framework with Rapid and Sustained Antimicrobial Activity against Drug‐Resistant Candida albicans through Synergistic Chemodynamic and Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhang Yuanfei , Li Yiyang , Hu Min , Rong Zihan , Meng Lingjie , Zhang Xiaofei , Wen Luan , Liang Xiumin , Chen Zhaopeng , Liu Chengcheng
Published: May 2023

Vaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans is a chronic, recurrent disease that is difficult to treat. Current available antifungal drugs have limited efficacy and cause adverse effects necessitating novel therapeutic options. In this study, a novel metal‐organic framework (MOF) containing the sonosensitizer rose bengal (RB) and decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), Fe–MOF(RB)@AgNPs (MRA), is developed which integrates chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with the long‐term antifungal effects of AgNPs into a single nanoscale entity. MRA exhibited low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells and strong catalytic activity for the conversion of H2O2 to •OH under acidic conditions, similar to those found in vaginal candidiasis. When exposed to ultrasound, MRA generated 1O2 and offered rapid synergistic fungicidal effects through CDT and SDT, as well as long‐lasting antifungal benefits through AgNPs, leading to the complete eradication of drug‐resistant C. albicans. Moreover, MRA exhibited 99.999% efficacy against a clinical isolate of drug‐resistant C. albicans at 120 µg mL−1. Hence, MRA has considerable potential for clinical applications in the treatment of drug‐resistant C. albicans‐induced vaginal candidiasis.
Beyond the usual climate? Factors determining flowering and fruiting phenology across a genus over 117 years
Authors: Bartlett Kelsey B. , Austin Matthew W. , Beck James B. , Zanne Amy E. , Smith Adam B.
Published: May 2023

Premise

Although changes in plant phenology are largely attributed to changes in climate, the roles of other factors such as genetic constraints, competition, and self‐compatibility are underexplored.

Methods

We compiled >900 herbarium records spanning 117 years for all eight nominal species of the winter‐annual genus Leavenworthia (Brassicaceae). We used linear regression to determine the rate of phenological change across years and phenological sensitivity to climate. Using a variance partitioning analysis, we assessed the relative influence of climatic and nonclimatic factors (self‐compatibility, range overlap, latitude, and year) on Leavenworthia reproductive phenology.

Results

Flowering advanced by ~2.0 days and fruiting by ~1.3 days per decade. For every 1°C increase in spring temperature, flowering advanced ~2.3 days and fruiting ~3.3 days. For every 100 mm decrease in spring precipitation, each advanced ~6–7 days. The best models explained 35.4% of flowering variance and 33.9% of fruiting. Spring precipitation accounted for 51.3% of explained variance in flowering date and 44.6% in fruiting. Mean spring temperature accounted for 10.6% and 19.3%, respectively. Year accounted for 16.6% of flowering variance and 5.4% of fruiting, and latitude for 2.3% and 15.1%, respectively. Nonclimatic variables combined accounted for <11% of the variance across phenophases.

Conclusions

Spring precipitation and other climate‐related factors were dominant predictors of phenological variance. Our results emphasize the strong effect of precipitation on phenology, especially in the moisture‐limited habitats preferred by Leavenworthia. Among the many factors that determine phenology, climate is the dominant influence, indicating that the effects of climate change on phenology are expected to increase.
Compartmentalization of specialized metabolites across vegetative and reproductive tissues in two sympatric Psychotria species
Authors: Schneider Gerald F. , Carlson Cole A. , Jos Elsa M. , Beckman Noelle G.
Published: May 2023

Premise

The specialized metabolites of plants are recognized as key chemical traits in mediating the ecology and evolution of sundry plant–biotic interactions, from pollination to seed predation. Intra‐ and interspecific patterns of specialized metabolite diversity have been studied extensively in leaves, but the diverse biotic interactions that contribute to specialized metabolite diversity encompass all plant organs. Focusing on two species of Psychotria shrubs, we investigated and compared patterns of specialized metabolite diversity in leaves and fruit with respect to each organ's diversity of biotic interactions.

Methods

To evaluate associations between biotic interaction diversity and specialized metabolite diversity, we combined UPLC‐MS metabolomic analysis of foliar and fruit specialized metabolites with existing surveys of leaf‐ and fruit‐centered biotic interactions. We compared patterns of specialized metabolite richness and variance among vegetative and reproductive tissues, among plants, and between species.

Results

In our study system, leaves interact with a far larger number of consumer species than do fruit, while fruit‐centric interactions are more ecologically diverse in that they involve antagonistic and mutualistic consumers. This aspect of fruit‐centric interactions was reflected in specialized metabolite richness—leaves contained more than fruit, while each organ contained over 200 organ‐specific specialized metabolites. Within each species, leaf‐ and fruit‐specialized metabolite composition varied independently of one another across individual plants. Contrasts in specialized metabolite composition were stronger between organs than between species.

Conclusions

As ecologically disparate plant organs with organ‐specific specialized metabolite traits, leaves and fruit can each contribute to the tremendous overall diversity of plant specialized metabolites.
Increased oligomeric TDP‐43 in the plasma of Korean frontotemporal dementia patients with semantic dementia
Authors: Jamerlan Angelo M. , Shim Kyu Hwan , Youn Young Chul , Teunissen Charlotte , An Seong Soo A. , Scheltens Philip , Kim SangYun
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION

Semantic dementia (SD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with impaired vocabulary that progresses to memory impairment. Post‐mortem immunohistochemical analysis is the current reliable method of differentiating TDP‐43 deposits in cortical tissue; no means of antemortem diagnosis exists in biofluids, let alone in plasma.

METHODS

Here the multimer detection system (MDS) was used to quantify the oligomeric TDP‐43 (o‐TDP‐43) concentrations in plasma of Korean SD patients (n = 16, 6 male, 10 female, ages 59–87). The o‐TDP‐43 concentrations were compared with the total TDP‐43 (t‐TDP‐43) concentrations quantified through conventional enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Only MDS showed a significant increase in o‐TDP‐43 concentrations in the plasma of patients with SD compared to other neurodegenerative disorders and normal controls (p < 0.05). Based on these results, o‐TDP‐43 concentrations through the application of MDS may be a useful plasma biomarker in SD‐FTD (frontotemporal dementia) diagnosis.
Foliar spraying of potassium gluconate promotes the synthesis of the seed oil of Styrax tonkinensis
Authors: Zheng Lihong , Hao Xianqin , Liu Zemao , Peng Huiwu , Chen Juan , Huang Weihe , Yu Fangyuan
Published: May 2023

Styrax tonkinensis is a promising woody biodiesel species. In this experiment, we investigated how foliar spraying of potassium gluconate solution affected the production of seed oil in S. tonkinensis. Leaf spraying of potassium gluconate solution appreciably promoted the photosynthesis of S. tonkinensis leaves through both the light reaction and the dark reaction. By boosting the activity of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and seed oil synthesis, foliar spraying of potassium gluconate solution also dramatically enhanced glucose metabolism and seed oil synthesis in the S. tonkinensis seeds. This indicates that foliar spraying with potassium gluconate solution discernibly improved the synthesis of seed oil in S. tonkinensis by encouraging the transit of photosynthetic products from the source to the reservoir and the flow of carbon into the seed oil synthesis in the seeds. Overall, the medium concentration of potassium gluconate solution (4 g/L) was found to be the most effective for increasing the oil content of S. tonkinensis seeds. While higher potassium gluconate solution concentrations (6 g/L) had a slight inhibitory effect on specific indicators (ACCase) during specific seed development periods. This study highlighted the importance of potassium for seed oil synthesis in woody plants and provided a useful foundation for future cultivation practices aimed at enhancing seed oil synthesis in woody plants.
Community psychoanalysis and the generative landscape of our times
Authors: Chow Lani , Gaspar Sandra , Kassoff Betsy , Leavitt Julie , Peltz Rachael
Published: May 2023

In this paper five members of the “Community Psychoanalytic Track and Consortium” (CPT&C) in San Francisco, California, each holding different positionalities and functioning in different roles, come together in dialog with the shared aim to bring themselves and their readers inside the CPT&C. This writing project recapitulates principles of the CPT&C's vision itself: to form polyvocal groups with the shared task of supporting each other in our various roles, and members of community mental health organizations in their work and lives. From that effort new forms of psychoanalytic learning and work are generated; in this instance the process translates into a new writing form.
Simultaneous confidence intervals from randomization tests with application in testing bioequivalence with multiple endpoints
Authors: Dufera Abdisa G. , Xiong Cui , Xu Jin
Published: May 2023

We propose a method to construct simultaneous confidence intervals for a parameter vector from inverting a series of randomization tests (RT). The randomization tests are facilitated by an efficient multivariate Robbins–Monro procedure that takes the correlation information of all components into account. The estimation method does not require any distributional assumption of the population other than the existence of the second moments. The resulting simultaneous confidence intervals are not necessarily symmetric about the point estimate of the parameter vector but possess the property of equal tails in all dimensions. In particular, we present the constructing the mean vector of one population and the difference between two mean vectors of two populations. Extensive simulation is conducted to show numerical comparison with four methods. We illustrate the application of the proposed method to test bioequivalence with multiple endpoints on some real data.
A Bayesian adaptive design for dual‐agent phase I–II oncology trials integrating efficacy data across stages
Authors: Jiménez José L. , Zheng Haiyan
Published: May 2023

Combination of several anticancer treatments has typically been presumed to have enhanced drug activity. Motivated by a real clinical trial, this paper considers phase I–II dose finding designs for dual‐agent combinations, where one main objective is to characterize both the toxicity and efficacy profiles. We propose a two‐stage Bayesian adaptive design that accommodates a change of patient population in‐between. In stage I, we estimate a maximum tolerated dose combination using the escalation with overdose control (EWOC) principle. This is followed by a stage II, conducted in a new yet relevant patient population, to find the most efficacious dose combination. We implement a robust Bayesian hierarchical random‐effects model to allow sharing of information on the efficacy across stages, assuming that the related parameters are either exchangeable or nonexchangeable. Under the assumption of exchangeability, a random‐effects distribution is specified for the main effects parameters to capture uncertainty about the between‐stage differences. The inclusion of nonexchangeability assumption further enables that the stage‐specific efficacy parameters have their own priors. The proposed methodology is assessed with an extensive simulation study. Our results suggest a general improvement of the operating characteristics for the efficacy assessment, under a conservative assumption about the exchangeability of the parameters a priori.
Teaching Python programming for bioinformatics with Jupyter notebook in the Post‐COVID‐19 era
Authors: Gupta Yash Munnalal , Kirana Satwika Nindya , Homchan Somjit , Tanasarnpaiboon Supatcharee
Published: May 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has forced the Bioinformatics course to switch from on‐site teaching to remote learning. This shift has prompted a change in teaching methods and laboratory activities. Students need to have a basic understanding of DNA sequences and how to analyze them using custom scripts. To facilitate learning, we have modified the course to use Jupyter Notebook, which offers an alternative approach to writing custom scripts for basic DNA sequence analysis. This approach allows students to acquire the necessary skills while working remotely. It is a versatile and user‐friendly platform that can be used to combine explanations, code, and results in a single document. This feature enables students to interact with the code and results, making the learning process more engaging and effective. Jupyter Notebook provides a hybrid approach to learning basic Python scripting and genomics that is effective for remote teaching and learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Deep convolutional architecture‐based hybrid learning for sleep arousal events detection through single‐lead EEG signals
Authors: Foroughi Andia , Farokhi Fardad , Rahatabad Fereidoun Nowshiravan , Kashaninia Alireza
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Detecting arousal events during sleep is a challenging, time‐consuming, and costly process that requires neurology knowledge. Even though similar automated systems detect sleep stages exclusively, early detection of sleep events can assist in identifying neuropathology progression.

Methods

An efficient hybrid deep learning method to identify and evaluate arousal events is presented in this paper using only single‐lead electroencephalography (EEG) signals for the first time. Using the proposed architecture, which incorporates Inception‐ResNet‐v2 learning transfer models and optimized support vector machine (SVM) with the radial basis function (RBF) kernel, it is possible to classify with a minimum error level of less than 8%. In addition to maintaining accuracy, the Inception module and ResNet have led to significant reductions in computational complexity for the detection of arousal events in EEG signals. Moreover, in order to improve the classification performance of the SVM, the grey wolf algorithm (GWO) has optimized its kernel parameters.

Results

This method has been validated using pre‐processed samples from the 2018 Challenge Physiobank sleep dataset. In addition to reducing computational complexity, the results of this method show that different parts of feature extraction and classification are effective at identifying sleep disorders. The proposed model detects sleep arousal events with an average accuracy of 93.82%. With the lead present in the identification, the method becomes less aggressive in recording people's EEG signals.

Conclusion

According to this study, the suggested strategy is effective in detecting arousals in sleep disorder clinical trials and may be used in sleep disorder detection clinics.
Impact of new‐onset and preexisting neurological disorders in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Lindemann Sarah , Böhm Markus , Gonnert Falk , Bösel Julian , Schubert Roger , Musleh Rita , Günther Albrecht
Published: May 2023

Background and Purpose

Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is still considered a global pandemic. The prognosis of COVID‐19 patients varies greatly. We aimed to assess the impact of preexisting, chronic neurological diseases (CNDs) and new‐onset acute neurological complications (ANCs) on the disease course, its complications, and outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a monocentric retrospective analysis from all hospitalized COVID‐19 patients between May 1, 2020 and January 31, 2021. Employing multivariable logistic regression models, we explored the association of CNDs and ANCs separately with hospital mortality and functional outcome.

Results

A total of 250 among 709 patients with COVID‐19 had CNDs. We found a 2.0 times higher chance of death (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–2.92) for CND patients than for non‐CND patients. The chance for an unfavorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale > 3 at discharge) was 1.67 times higher in patients with CNDs than those without (95% CI: 1.07–2.59). Furthermore, 117 of all patients had 135 ANCs in total. We observed a 1.86 times higher chance to die (95% CI: 1.18–2.93) for patients with ANCs than without. The chance for a worse functional outcome was 3.6‐fold higher in ANC patients than without (95% CI: 2.22–6.01). Patients with CNDs had 1.73 times higher odds for developing ANCs (95% CI: 0.97–3.08).

Conclusion

Preexisting neurologic disorders or ANCs in COVID‐19 patients were associated with higher mortality and poorer functional outcome at discharge. Furthermore, development of acute neurologic complications was more frequent in patients with preexisting neurologic disease. Early neurological evaluation appears to be an important prognostic factor in COVID‐19 patients.
Human body donors at academic institutions in the United States of America: An investigative study
Authors: Wyatt Taylor B. , Bagian Lauren K. , Balta Joy Y.
Published: May 2023

Work with deceased human bodies to enhance anatomical education was first documented in the 3rd century BCE. However, the development of body donation programs provided many new opportunities for medical education. The aim of this study was to investigate the work supported by human body donors at academic institutions in the United States and to evaluate the ethical oversight process and the preparation methods used. A questionnaire was developed using Qualtrics and sent to 125 body donation programs in the United States. Representatives from a total of 69 institutions completed the questionnaire. The data showed that human body donations across the United States are used in teaching, clinical skills training, research, and educational outreach. Most institutions worked with hard‐fixed donors for teaching and some with soft‐preserved and unembalmed donors for clinical skills training. Among the participating programs, only 33 representatives reported an ethical approval process for conducting research involving human body donors. These findings raise ethical concerns related to the operation of body donation programs due to the lack of oversight. Furthermore, some institutions allowed faculty and staff to take photographs of donated bodies for educational purposes, which is often not disclosed on the consent form. The data also showed the need for more discussion on anatomical legacy collections housed at these institutions in the United States.
Cancer care patterns in South Korea: Types of hospital where patients receive care and outcomes using national health insurance claims data
Authors: Choi Dong‐Woo , Kim Sun Jung , Kim Seungju , Kim Dong Wook , Jeong Wonjeong , Han Kyu‐Tae
Published: May 2023

Background

Although strengthening coverage has improved cancer care, there are concerns related to medical distortion. Previous studies have only examined whether patients visit a specific hospital, and not the continuum of patients with cancer, resulting in a lack of evidence in South Korea. This study aimed to investigate the patterns in hospital type for cancer care and analyze their association with outcomes.

Methods

The data for this study were obtained from the National Health Insurance Services Sampled Cohort database. This study included patients with four types of cancer (top four cancer incidence in 2020): gastric (3353), colorectal (2915), lung (1351), and thyroid (5158) cancer. The latent class mixed model was used to investigate cancer care patterns, and multiple regression or survival analysis was performed to examine medical cost, length of stay (LOS), and mortality.

Results

The patterns in each cancer type were classified into two to four classes, namely, mainly visited clinics or hospitals, mainly visited general hospitals, mainly visited tertiary hospitals (MT), and tertiary to general hospitals through trajectory modeling based on the utilization of cancer care. Compared to the MT pattern, other patterns were generally associated with higher cost, LOS, and mortality.

Conclusion

The patterns found in this study may be a more realistic way of defining patients with cancer in South Korea compared to previous studies, and its association‐related outcomes may be used as a basis to address problems in the healthcare system and prepare alternatives for patients with cancer. Future studies should review cancer care patterns related to other factors such as regional distribution.
Potential noninvasive biomarkers for the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Yan , Zhang Qiufang , Guo Zhenzhen , Deng Guanhong , Chen Ruibin , Zheng Yanfen
Published: May 2023

Background

The rising cancer incidence in patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) highlights the importance of identifying potential biomarkers for high‐risk individuals and lesions because these biomarkers are useful in developing personalized management strategies for OL patients.

This study systematically searched and analyzed the literature on potential saliva and serum biomarkers for OL malignant transformation.

Methods

PubMed and Scopus were searched for studies published up to April 2022. The primary outcome of this study was the difference in biomarker concentrations in saliva or serum samples from healthy control (HC), OL and oral cancer (OC) populations. Cohen's d with 95% credible interval was calculated and pooled using the inverse variance heterogeneity method.

Results

A total of seven saliva biomarkers were analyzed in this paper, including interleukin‐1alpha, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐6‐8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), copper, zinc, and lactate dehydrogenase. IL‐6 and TNF‐α exhibited statistically significant deviations in comparisons between HC versus OL and OL versus OC. A total of 13 serum biomarkers were analyzed, including IL‐6, TNF‐α, C‐reactive protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoproteins, low‐density lipoproteins, albumin, protein, β2‐microglobulin, fucose, lipid‐bound sialic acid (LSA), and total sialic acid (TSA). LSA and TSA exhibited statistically significant deviations in comparisons between HC versus OL and OL versus OC.

Conclusion

IL‐6 and TNF‐α in saliva have strong predictive values for OL deterioration, and LSA and TSA concentration levels in serum also have the potential to serve as biomarkers for OL deterioration.
A strategy to reduce the false‐positive rate after low‐dose computed tomography in lung cancer screening: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Zheng , Tan Fengwei , Xie Yaozeng , Tang Wei , Wang Fei , Xu Yongjie , Cao Wei , Qin Chao , Dong Xuesi , Zheng Yadi , Luo Zilin , Wang Chenran , Zhao Liang , Xia Changfa , Li Jiang , Li Renda , Feng Feiyue , Li Jibin , Ren Jiansong , Shi Jufang , Cui Hong , Shen Sipeng , Wu Ning , Chen Wanqing , Li Ni , He Jie
Published: May 2023

Background

The ability of lung cancer screening to manage pulmonary nodules was limited because of the high false‐positive rate in the current mainstream screening method, low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT). We aimed to reduce overdiagnosis in Chinese population.

Methods

Lung cancer risk prediction models were constructed using data from a population‐based cohort in China. Independent clinical data from two programs performed in Beijing and Shandong, respectively, were used as the external validation set. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the probability of lung cancer incidence in the whole population and in smokers and nonsmokers.

Results

In our cohort, 1,016,740 participants were enrolled between 2013 and 2018. Of 79,581 who received LDCT screening, 5165 participants with suspected pulmonary nodules were allocated into the training set, of which, 149 lung cancer cases were diagnosed. In the validation set, 1815 patients were included, and 800 developed lung cancer. The ages of patients and radiologic factors of nodules (calcification, density, mean diameter, edge, and pleural involvement) were included in our model. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the model were 0.868 (95% CI: 0.839–0.894) in the training set and 0.751 (95% CI: 0.727–0.774) in the validation set. The sensitivity and specificity were 70.5% and 70.9%, respectively, which could reduce the 68.8% false‐positive rate in simulated LDCT screening. There was no substantial difference between smokers' and nonsmokers' prediction models.

Conclusion

Our models could facilitate the diagnosis of suspected pulmonary nodules, effectively reducing the false‐positive rate of LDCT for lung cancer screening.
Narrative therapy with children: A qualitative interview study with Danish therapists about the application of narrative practices
Authors: Jørgensen Caroline B. , Behrmann Julie T. , Blaabjerg Julie , Pettersen Kristin A. , Jensen de López Kristine M.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Therapists' insights into practising narrative therapy (NT) with children can elucidate the strengths and challenges associated with this practice.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate how therapists experience the application of NT with children.

Method

Nine Danish narrative therapists working with children participated in semi‐structured qualitative interviews. The data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis.

Results

Three overall themes were identified; “you have to be crazy about children,” “practised ethics” and “practical challenges.” Two subthemes were generated: “acting is the key” and “the importance of the system surrounding the child.”

Conclusion

The narrative therapists experienced NT as applicable for children due to its potential to facilitate a safe place that integrates the child's current stage of development. NT does not serve to “fit” the child but should be perceived as a practised ethic. Therapists accentuated challenges working with NT, specifically related to outsider‐witnessing and staying in a decentred position. The results are discussed regarding their contribution to the evolvement of the narrative therapy profession and to the training and supervision of novice practitioners.
Characterization of four commercial waxy wheats developed in China
Authors: Gu Zhonghua , Li Xiaojun , Zhao Renyong , Feng Junwei , Jiang Hongxin
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives

As the interest in use of waxy wheat in food applications continues to grow, it is important to fully understand characteristics of waxy wheats. To the best of our knowledge, there was no previous study reporting a complete characterization of commercial waxy wheats developed in China, especially properties of wheat kernels, dough, wet milling, gluten, and starch. To promote the industrial utilization of waxy wheat, four Chinese commercial waxy wheats were collected and characterized.

Findings

Four commercial waxy wheats commercialized in China were sound medium hard wheats. Care must be taken during harvesting and storage of waxy wheats since the waxy wheat flours were very sensitive to the endogenous α‐amylase even at a very low level of enzyme activity. Rapid viscosity analyzer had a good potential for evaluating the sprout damage of waxy wheat. Dough rheological properties and gluten index showed that the four waxy wheats had weak gluten quality, agreeing with wet‐milling performance. The waxy wheat starches had higher onset, peak, and conclusion gelatinization temperatures than normal wheat starch. While the waxy wheat starches showed lower pasting temperature and higher peak viscosity than normal wheat starch.

Conclusions

Results suggested that the four commercial waxy wheats varied in kernel characteristics, protein and starch contents, wet‐milling performance, gluten quality, dough rheological properties and pasting properties, which might provide a wide range of applications.

Significance and Novelty

The research work provides useful information for wheat breeders to breed waxy wheat suitable for industrial applications and for scientists to promote the use of waxy wheat flour and starch in food applications.