bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalability and Sustainability of M-Government Projects Implementation in Developing Countries
Authors: Ogunleye Olalekan Samuel , Van Belle Jean-Paul
Published: April 2016

Mobile technology has played a crucial role in facilitating democratic change in many of the developing countries. Many countries have attempted to implement Mobile Government (m-government), which is a form of electronic government, using mobile and other latest technologies such as social media as the most fundamental infrastructure for implementing such changes. However, m-government projects' scalability and sustainability are amongst the key issues relating to the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This chapter attempts to discuss the scalability and sustainability of m-government projects in the context of developing countries. The aim is to provide a broader understanding of the inherent issues surrounding scalability and sustainability of m-government projects: in general terms and also in relation to mobile phone-based projects for governments' service delivery. In order to understand these issues, definitions of these two concepts are provided and various e-government maturity models are discussed. This is then followed by an overview of the challenges of scaling up and sustaining the m-government projects in developing countries, and lastly, an elaboration of how sustainability and scalability can be achieved is also presented.
Uberveillance and Faith-Based Organizations
Authors: Wigan Marcus
Published: April 2016

Uberveillance extends the responsibilities of faith-based organisations to the power imbalances now emerging. This is less a matter of governance and strategy, and more one of the core values of faith-based organisations. These might be regarded from an ethical or moral standpoint, but the approach taken is to focus on the constituencies of faith-based organisations and the imperatives that have been woven into their aims and values. The specific ways in which such disempowerments emerge and the functional importance of making organizational responses are considered. Acknowledgement is made of the Science and Society Council of the Churches of Scotland, who catalysed the expression and articulation of these issues.
Web-Based Public Participation in Urban Planning Competitions
Authors: Eräranta Susa , Kahila-Tani Maarit , Nummi-Sund Pilvi
Published: April 2016

In Finland, planning competitions are used as a way to determine alternatives in the early phase of urban planning. However, the traditional jury-based evaluation process is encountering significant opposition as it does not consider the views of local residents. In recent years, methods of web-based evaluation have been developed and tested to register public opinion in several planning competitions. This paper describes how web-based public participation and GIS-based evaluation tools, such as PPGIS (public participation geographic information system) and public evaluation web pages, are utilised in urban planning competitions. The research focus of this paper is on studying how public participation can be arranged in competition processes and how the competitors use the information produced. In addition, we identify issues that can affect the utilisation of the information. Based on two Finnish case studies, this study indicates that web-based tools can augment public participation in various phases of the competition process.
Security and Privacy in Next Generation Networks and Services
Authors: Kotzanikolaou Panayiotis
Published: April 2016

The deployment of Next Generation networks such as wireless broadband networks and wireless ad hoc networks, has lead to the proliferation of new mobile, pervasive and ubiquitous services, such as online social networks, location based services or cloud computing services. These new network paradigms and services raise serious privacy concerns. This chapter reviews security and privacy issues in Next Generation (NG) networking. Intitially, a general categorization of various popular NG networks and services is presented. Then, the security and privacy threats identified for each category are examined, along with a brief review of the related security requirements and mitigation strategies described in the recent literature.
Expanding Toolkits for Heritage Perpetuation
Authors: Hoerig Karl A. , Welch John R. , Ferguson T. J. , Soto Gabriella
Published: April 2016

From 2010 to 2013, the White Mountain Apache Tribe and the University of Arizona, with funding from the National Science Foundation, hosted the Western Apache Ethnography and Geographic Information Science Research Experience for Undergraduates. Designed to foster practical skills and scholarly capacities for future resource managers and anthropologists, this field school introduced Apache and non-native undergraduate students to ethnographic field research and GIS tools. Building upon the extensive arrays of geographical, cultural, and historical data that are available for Western Apache territory, field school students engaged in community-based participatory research with Western Apache elders and tribal natural and heritage resource personnel to contribute to the Western Apache tribes' efforts to document their cultural histories, traditional ecological knowledge, local understanding of geography, and issues of historic and contemporary resource management. This essay reviews the program and traces how student alumni have incorporated skills and perspectives gained into their subsequent academic and professional work.
Non-Hydrolyzed Resins for Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Coatings
Authors: Holberg Stefan
Published: April 2016

This chapter focuses on resins based on non-hydrolyzed, monomeric and polymeric alkoxysilanes. As alternative to classical sol-gel processing, the resins are applied to a surface without a preceding hydrolysis step. Only after application, hydrolysis and condensation of the alkoxysilyl groups occur by means of atmospheric moisture to result cross-linked organic-inorganic hybrid coatings. While the use of non-hydrolyzed silanes is well established, for example by applying polyethyl silicate as binder for zinc-rich anti-corrosive primers, this chapter describes the chemical structures of various novel organic-inorganic hybrid precursors that have significantly extended the area of application to adhesives and scratch-resistant, repellent, or anti-fouling coatings. At present, individual resins are produced and applied at industrial scale in the fields of protective coatings and automotive topcoats.
Functionalization of Surfaces with Optical Coatings Produced by PVD Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Raniero Walter , Della Mea Gianantonio , Campostrini Matteo
Published: April 2016

This chapter describes the functionalization of the surface of the glass through thin film inorganic coatings. Such filters called dichroic filters, following the physical principle of interference of light using the rules of optical physics. The design of the optical multilayer materials with high and low refractive index and optimizing the predetermined optical responses. The AFM quantify the real thickness and, calibrate the deposition plant, using as an input data for the simulation to evaluate the dispersion index refraction and absorption. The dichroic filters separate the incident radiation into two or more predetermined optical bands. The materials used are deposited using PVD Reactive Magnetron Sputtering, allows to increase the deposition rate, to obtain good homogeneity range of the surface deposited. The set point of deposition which allows to obtain stoichiometric oxides is analyzed with the technique RBS. These optical filters, also called dichroic are applied in the research field of the splitting photovoltaic concentration.
Concept of Advanced Thermal Barrier Functional Coatings in High Temperature Engineering Components
Authors: Pakseresht Amir Hossein , Rahimipour M.R. , Alizadeh M. , Hadavi S.M.M. , Shahbazkhan A.
Published: April 2016

In conventional thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) the major problem is the spalling of a ceramic coating. This could be due to the large thermal stresses which are generated during thermal cycling on the oxidizing environment. One of the ways to improve the life span and overcome mentioned problems is introducing the concept of functionally graded materials (FGM) into the TBC. Functionally graded materials are referred to as a class of advanced materials that are distinguished by variation in their properties with varying their dimensions. Through employing a functionally graded thermal barrier coating (FG-TBC), an intermediate layer with a gradual compositional variation is embedded between the top and the bond coats. This layer(s), composed of ceramic and metal in various ratios, can achieve a gradual composition variation, thereby leading to gradual changes in microstructures and better mechanical and physical properties.
Investigation between the Quality Factors and Consumer Behaviour, through Customer Segmentation of a Shopping Centre
Authors: Silvestri Cecilia
Published: April 2016

The phenomenon of experiential shopping develops concurrently with another important and interesting one, namely the birth of Shopping Centre (Keng et al. 2007; Hedhli et al. 2013). Shopping can significantly contribute to improve people's quality of life. The satisfaction of these needs plays an important role in the general welfare of people (Deci & Ryan, 2002). However quality is the antecedent of satisfaction, and therefore of the welfare. Several studies have shown that a relationship of dependence between quality and customer satisfaction exists (Shanaki et al. 2012; Lai, 2015). The aim of this research is twofold: (1) understanding, what are the main reasons that lead consumers to shopping centre and (2) measuring the level of satisfaction and WOM in the different groups of customers. The results show that the quality factors of the shopping centre are essential to carry out the segmentation because the consumers' motivation and preferences are based on them.
Analysing Promotion and Visitor Expectations of Beach Tourism in Odisha with Special Reference to Puri Beach
Authors: Biswas Soumendra Nath
Published: April 2016

Efforts have been made in this study to analyse the promotion and Visitor expectations of beaches for the development of tourism in Odisha in general and Puri beach in particular, that influences the tourist inflow in this destination. This article begins with the meaning of Beach Tourism and importance of Puri beach for the development of tourism in Odisha. Key issue of this paper is to find out whether the Puri beach and its local product can be an attraction while marketing a destination. If so, how these can be promoted to the potential tourists, what are the expectations of Visitors and how those expectations can be fulfilled? Tourism products in the beaches are becoming important to the mass tourists. Tourism products related with beaches are one of the major factors shaping development patterns in the coastal areas of the state. Tourism stakeholders at all levels must assume appropriate proactive roles for the promotion of Beach Tourism in the state like Odisha.
Consumer's Perception and Behavioural Reaction
Authors: Dash Manoj Kumar , Kumar Anil
Published: April 2016

Progressions in communication innovation have offered ascent to the development of another electronic manifestation of verbal spreading that is Viral Marketing (VM). VM is kind of marketing strategy that sways people to share a promoting message to everyone via web or other electronic media. As of now, Viral Marketing Communication (VMC) is still acknowledged being at an untimely period of improvement. In this way data about its conduct and extent has yet to be plainly set upon and decided. Also, constrained exploration has been carried out on shopper recognition and reaction to such prompting method. The objective of this study is to conduct an inquiry into consumer/buyer receptivity, perception and behavioural reaction to the discussed moderately new promoting technique via VM. With the use of in-depth interviews conducted with 15 people and small interviews with other 27 people, the study analysed their perception towards five methods through which Viral Marketing can be implemented, they are 1) E-mail, 2) Video 3) Blogs, 4) Facebook, Google+, Twitter-Social Media Portals and 5) Forums. Qualitative research has been conducted to analyse the assumptions/hypotheses and found valuable findings in regards to the way buyer/consumer behave to traditional word of mouth and e-W-o-M (Viral Marketing). The qualitative findings from the study show that VMC increases consumer's awareness but it does not have a vital impact on the buying decision, Consumers have different trust and credibility to five junctions of VM; “Forums” have highest trust and credibility among the discussed five junctions, Consumers do not take VM as spam messages, Service based VMC have higher impact than the product based VM, Negative VMC has a higher influence on consumer than the optimistic one, and Financial Benefit is not the strongest reason to spread the messages via VM. These findings will provide new bits of knowledge on VM as a marketing tool from a shopper's outlook and prove to be the first venture for further study on how VM can effectively connect, join & impact shoppers and sellers.
City-Driven Approach to Determine Health Services Based on Current User Location and Collaborative Information
Authors: Guzman-Lugo Giovanni , Lopez-Martinez Maria , Lopez-Ramirez Blanca , Avila-Vazquez Daniela
Published: April 2016

In this work, an approach focused on locating and recommending health care centers within a certain range of distance is presented. The proposed approach includes several integration technologies such as location services, mobile devices, social networks, ontologies, and historical statistics about vehicular traffic.
Data Integration Framework
Authors: Vargas-Vera Maria
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a proposal for a data integration framework. The purpose of the framework is to locate automatically records of participants from the ALSPAC database (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) within its counterpart GPRD database (General Practice Research Database). The ALSPAC database is a collection of data from children and parents from before birth to late puberty. This collection contains several variables of interest for clinical researchers but we concentrate in asthma as a golden standard for evaluation of asthma has been made by a clinical researcher. The main component of the framework is a module called Mapper which locates similar records and performs record linkage. The mapper contains a library of similarity measures such Jaccard, Jaro-Winkler, Monge-Elkan, MatchScore, Levenstein and TFIDF similarity. Finally, the author evaluates the approach on quality of the mappings.
A Strategic Perspective on Using Symbolic Transformation in STEM Education
Authors: Rappaport Jack M. , Richter Stephen B. , Kennedy Dennis T.
Published: April 2016

This paper describes and implements an innovative model for teaching Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) that enhances the decision making process of students considering a major or a career in STEM fields. The model can also be used as a decision making tool for educators interested in stressing the importance of STEM for career enhancement and for society as a whole. The model creates analogies and metaphors for various STEM topics using the contents of popular music videos. Theories of neuroscience, the interdisciplinary study of the nervous system, are used to describe and validate our decision making model. Concepts such as, embodied cognition, mirror neurons and the connection between emotion and cognition, are used to explain how the brain processes the information and multi-modal stimuli generated by our model. The model was implemented using the topic of automated decision processes in robotics and automation with a group of university and high school students and teachers. The impact of the model was evaluated using the National Science Foundation (NSF) frameworks for evaluating informal science projects. The results indicate that the model using symbolic transformation to teach STEM can have a significant impact on students' attitude towards STEM and the decision making process about their careers.
A Locational Decision Making Framework for Shipbreaking under Multiple Criteria
Authors: John Joshin , Kumar Sushil
Published: April 2016

The decision making process for shipbreaking is complicated and is dependent on multiple factors. However, due to the vastly unorganized nature of shipbreaking industry in major shipbreaking locations, there is little work done to the best of the authors' knowledge, wherein these factors are mapped, weighed and integrated in the form of a comprehensive decision making framework. In recent years, although there have been significant efforts by researchers to capture the process of shipbreaking and recycling in literature, a comprehensive decision support system that encapsulates the multiple criteria for shipbreaking in a quantifiable form, is yet to be developed. This paper attempts to bridge this gap, by formulating a decision making framework, particularly for selecting the shipbreaking facility and the extent of recycling subsequent to ship disassembly, using AHP methodology. The framework considers the relevant factors, and is useful not only for shipping companies and cash brokers for decision making, but also provides insights vis-à-vis the migrating pattern of shipbreaking industry, particularly from Indian subcontinent to China, as observed in the contemporary business environment.
Experimental Investigation of the Behaviour of a Large Ship in Irregular Waves
Authors: Adenya Christiaan Adika , Ren Hui Long , Jiao Jialong
Published: April 2016

A towing tank experimental investigation was carried out using a segmented scaled model of a large ship prototype to study its behaviour when sailing in irregular head waves. The tests were carried out for typical sailing speeds and wave conditions that would be encountered by the large ship at sea. The vertical plane motion of heave, pitch, and the accelerations at bow and stern, and the vertical bending moment load responses of the ship were measured and analyzed. The significant amplitude values of motion and load response of the ship for the investigated wave conditions and speeds were determined by using spectral analysis. Slamming induced whipping loads were also investigated for the studied sailing conditions. In addition, the load response characteristics were evaluated in both time-domain and frequency-domain. Increasing the sea state had a greater effect on the motion and load responses of the large ship than increasing the sailing speed.
Study on Rock-Breaking Simulation and Experiment of Double Disc Cutter of TBM
Authors: Lu F. , Zhang C. , Sun J. , Tian J.X. , Liu M. , Wu Y.H.
Published: April 2016

In order to improve working efficiency of the tunneling process and extend working life of disc cutter, explore the impact of cutter spacing and loading for the cutter rock-breaking effect. With the theory of rock crushing, Based on the finite element analysis software ABAQUS, the process of disc cutter breaking rock is simulated, considering the adjacent cutters sequential constraints, then, to make sure two cutter space with the method of SE in experiment.The simulation results showed that the optimal cutter spacings were both about 80mm in the same loading and the sequentially loading, but the rock-breaking effect of sequentially loading is better than the same loading. The experimental data showed that the minimum specific energy of rock breaking is appeared cutter spacing between 80mm and 90mm. Thus, the correctness and rationality of the simulation was verified. The study is good for understanding the rock-breaking mechanism of double disc cutter and has a certain promoting value to optimize TBM cutter system.Keywords:TBM, rock fragmentation, ABAQUS, cutter spacing, sequentially cutting
Thermal Radiation Effect on MHD Nanofluid Flow over a Stretching Sheet
Authors: Sulochana C. , Samrat S.Payad , Sandeep N.
Published: April 2016

The present study is a numerical investigation of heat and mass transfer in two-dimensional MHD stagnation point flow of a radiative Carreau nanofluid past a stretching surface in the presence of Soret and suction/blowing effects. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations by using approximate self-similarity transformation and solved numerically using Runge-Kutta and Newton’s methods. The graphical and tabular results elucidate the influence of different non-dimensional governing parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration fields along with the wall friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. We found the dual nature of the solutions for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid cases.
Endosonographic features of rectal cancer: A single-center experience in Iran
Authors: Frootan Mojgan , Sourati Ainaz , Tabatabaeefar Morteza , Nikshoar Mohammad Reza , Faizei Ali Mohammad
Published: April 2016

Context: Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Aim: The study aim was to describe an endosonographic feature of rectal cancer in Iranian patients. Settings and Design: A retrospective study in Mehrad Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this case series, all patients with confirmed diagnosis of rectal cancer during 2012–2014 were included and their hospital records were reviewed. Results: Hospital records of 76 patients with rectal cancer including 44 male (57.9%) and 32 females (42.1%) were reviewed. The mean age of patients was 57.81 ± 14.26 years. The distal rectum was the most common location of the tumor (42 patients, 55.3%) and complete luminal obstruction was observed in 11 patients (14.5%). Sphincters were free of disease in 70% of patients (53), while lymph nodes were involved in more than 70% of patients at diagnosis. Internal anal sphincter (IAS) alone was the most common sphincter involved (16 patients, 21%) followed by involvement of all three sphincters together (IAS and external anal sphincter and longitudinal muscle) (5, 6.6%). Conclusion: The mean age at diagnosis of rectal cancer in our country is less than that of Western countries. Lower rectum is the most common location of rectal cancer in our patients and lymph node metastasis is present in more than 70% of patients at the time of diagnosis.
Esophageal stricture in lichen planus
Authors: Alungal Jemshad , Abdulla Mansoor C. , Shaheer Rooby , Narayan Ram
Published: April 2016

Lichen planus (LP) is a rare cause of esophageal stricture. It is usually associated with oral mucosal involvement, and the diagnosis has to be considered in these patients who present with dysphagia. We present a case of esophageal stricture secondary to LP.
A local fixed point theorem for set-valued mappings on partial metric spaces
Authors: Benterki Abdessalem
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this paper is to study the existence and location of fixed points for pseudo-contractive-type set-valued mappings in the setting of partial metric spaces by using Bianchini-Grundolfi gauge functions.
Restauración del Alcázar Omeya de de Ammán (Jordania)
Authors: Almagro Antonio
Published: April 2016

El alcázar omeya de Ammán en Jordania ha sido objeto de una prolongada campaña de excavaciones llevada a cabo por una misión española, cuyos trabajos se han culminado con la consolidación de los restos arqueológicos y la restauración de los edificios más singulares, con el objetivo comprometido de ir más allá de su estricta conservación y la voluntad de despertar la conciencia ciudadana sobre la necesidad de preservar la memoria de los monumentos del pasado.
Consolidación y restauración del muro de Alafia. Castillo de Xivert (Castellón)
Authors: Hofbauerová Vera , De Antonio Otal José Manuel
Published: April 2016

Entre las diversas intervenciones que se han llevado a cabo en el Castillo de Xivert, destaca por su singularidad la consolidación y restauración del muro de Alafia, que conserva en su lienzo una inscripción en caracteres arábigos datada en el siglo XII, cuyo valor excepcional ha merecido un trato minucioso propio de un delicado miniaturista.
INFLUÊNCIA DOS FORÓFITOS Dicksonia sellowiana e Araucaria angustifolia SOBRE A COMUNIDADE DE EPÍFITOS VASCULARES EM FLORESTA COM ARAUCÁRIA
Authors: Becker Diego Fedrizzi Petry , Müller Andressa , Schmitt Jairo Lizandro
Published: April 2016

Foi verificada a influência da umidade e do pH do substrato de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze e de Dicksonia sellowiana Hook. sobre a riqueza, composição e estrutura comunitária dos epífitos vasculares no interior da Floresta Ombrófila Mista. Para o estudo da comunidade epifítica foram selecionados 20 forófitos de A. angustifolia e de D. sellowiana, inseridos em um hectare de Floresta Ombrófila Mista. Os forófitos foram divididos igualmente em quatro intervalos de um metro de altura cada. A. angustifolia apresentou 20 espécies, enquanto que D. sellowiana 11. A média de espécies por forófito foi significativamente maior em D. sellowiana que em A. angustifolia. Os valores de umidade e pH diferiram estatisticamente entre os tipos forofíticos e a maior relação foi observada entre umidade e riqueza de samambaias epifíticas. A análise de coordenadas principais evidenciou agrupamentos bem definidos para os tipos forofíticos e heterogeneidade florística entre os intervalos de altura. Blechnum acutum (Desv.) Mett. ocupou ambos os forófitos e apresentou os maiores valores de importância, demonstrando alta tolerância ecológica. Os resultados indicam que a umidade foi o fator que apresentou maior influência na estrutura da comunidade epifítica, especialmente para as samambaias.AbstractDicksonia sellowiana and Araucaria angustifolia phorophyte influence on the vascular epiphyte community in Araucaria Forest. We analyzed the influence of moisture and pH substrate of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze e Dicksonia sellowiana Hook. on the richness, composition and community structure of vascular epiphytes within the Araucaria Forest. In order to study the epiphytic community, 20 phorophytes of A. angustifolia and D. sellowiana were selected in one hectare of Araucaria Forest. The phorophytes were divided equally into four intervals of one meter each. Araucaria angustifolia showed 20 species, while D. sellowiana 11. Means of species per host tree were significantly higher in D. sellowiana than for A. angustifolia. The moisture and pH of phorophyte types differ statistically and the most relation was observed between moisture and epiphytic ferns richness. Principal coordinates analysis showed well-defined groupings for phorophyte types and floristic heterogeneity among height intervals. Blechnum acutum (Desv.) Mett. occupied both phorophytes and had the highest importance values, demonstrating high ecological tolerance. The results show that moisture was the factor with the highest influence in the epiphytic community structure, especially for the ferns.Keywords: Epiphytism; Mixed Ombrophilous Forest; conifer; tree ferns.
O discurso fotográfico no livro didático: representações e práticas equivocadas de leitura.
Authors: Trevizan Zizi , Lopes Eduardo Dos Santos , Souza Renata Junqueira de
Published: April 2016

Esse artigo, de perfil qualitativo, objetiva expor, por meio de uma análise documental, as inadequações metodológicas de um Livro Didático (9º ANO da Educação Fundamental II) para a compreensão textual da fotografia. Pautou-se em conceitos e representações de leitura centrados em Peirce, Bakhtin, Barthes. Os resultados evidenciaram uma leitura incompleta da fotografia e incoerências entre o aporte teórico anunciado e as atividades de leitura construídas no livro didático, pelos autores.
Mutações do Riso: novas figurações da comicidade nas tirinhas diárias
Authors: Picado Benjamim
Published: April 2016

Pretende-se examinar aspectos de uma mutação nos universos narrativos e gráficos do humor visual, comparando-se os cânones da comicidade visual nas tirinhas diárias com as novas inflexões que surgem no interior deste segmento dos gêneros do riso. Observando casos como os de Laerte Coutinho e Angeli, Fabio Moon, Gabriel Bá e Chris Ware, o texto identifica nesse corpus novas estruturas narrativas, padrões estéticos e regimes pragmáticos do desenho de humor.
De Tahrir a Wall Street por la Puerta del Sol la difusión transnacional de los movimientos sociales en perspectiva comparada
Authors: Romanos Eduardo
Published: April 2016

Este artículo compara la difusión de la primavera árabe al movimiento 15M con la de este último a Occupy Wall Street. La comparación muestra que el contenido y el canal de la difusión fueron diferentes en uno y otro proceso. Los indignados españoles recibieron de la primavera árabe un sentido de eficacia de la acción colectiva a través fundamentalmente de medios indirectos. En el segundo proceso, la mediación de terceros facilitó la difusión de conocimientos más prácticos y complejos relacionados con nuevas formas de inclusividad y la ocupación del espacio público. La comparación sugiere que los elementos ideacionales se difunden fácilmente a través de canales indirectos mientras que las innovaciones conductuales precisan contactos personales para ser difundidas adecuadamente
¿Ruptura del compromiso igualitario para sostener el Estado de bienestar en Europa?
Authors: Martín Artiles Antonio , Molina Óscar , Carrasquer Pilar
Published: April 2016

Los valores colectivistas basados en las ideas del compromiso social igualitario, clave para la construcción del Estado de bienestar, tienden a romperse. La inmigración y la consiguiente heterogeneidad de la población obstaculizan la identificación de los ciudadanos con los valores colectivos. Por contra, emergen nuevos valores basados en el merecimiento individual, lo que tiende a generar una polarización de las actitudes. Para aquellos perfiles que han formado la clase trabajadora tradicional, el cierre social ante la inmigración constituye un mecanismo de defensa ante la competencia por la redistribución, lo que se refleja en opiniones negativas hacia la inmigración. Para aquellos que conforman la clase media, con nivel de estudios altos, rentas altas y posición media alta, la opinión sobre la inmigración y la demanda de solidaridad no es una opción preferente porque confían en el éxito de sus trayectorias individuales.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Hot Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) in the Management of the Major Pests of Cabbage Brassica oleracea (L.)
Authors: Baidoo P. K. , Mochiah M. B.
Published: April 2016

The use of chemical insecticides in crop production has resulted in increased food production in Africa, but their use has resulted in the destruction of beneficial organisms and development of resistance by some insects to the insecticides. The effectiveness of garlic Allium sativum and hot pepper, Capsicum frutescens in controlling the pests of cabbage, Brassica oleracea was evaluated. These botanicals were compared with a standard chemical insecticide Attack® (Emamectin benzoate). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with 3 treatments and a control, each of which was replicated 3 times. Plutella xylostella, Brevicoryne brassicae, Hellula undalis and Trichoplusia ni were found on cabbage plants. Significantly fewer of them were found on the treated plants than the control plants. The use of the plant extracts resulted in a reduction in mortality ranging from 10.76% to 55.94%. Fewer natural enemies of B. brassicae were sampled on the insecticide-sprayed plots than the garlic and pepper-sprayed plots. The cost of protecting cabbage plants from insect infestation using Attack was higher than the botanicals. Garlic-treated plots recorded the highest cost: benefit ratio of 1:16 while Attack®-treated plots recorded the least of 1: 9.2. The control effects of the botanicals compared favourably with that of the chemical insecticides. Thus these botanicals can be used as substitutes to chemical insecticides.
Multiple Kinect Sensor Fusion for Human Skeleton Tracking Using Kalman Filtering
Authors: Moon Sungphill , Park Youngbin , Ko Dong Wook , Suh Il Hong
Published: April 2016

Kinect sensors are able to achieve considerable skeleton tracking performance in a convenient and low-cost manner. However, Kinect sensors often generate poor skeleton poses due to self-occlusion, which is a common problem among most vision-based sensing systems. A simple way to solve this problem is to use multiple Kinect sensors in a workspace and combine the measurements from the different sensors. However, this method creates a new issue known as the data fusion problem. In this research, we developed a human skeleton tracking system using the Kalman filter framework, in which multiple Kinect sensors are used to correct inaccurate tracking data from a single Kinect sensor. Our contribution is to propose a method to determine the reliability of each tracked 3D position of a joint and then combine multiple observations based on measurement confidence. We evaluate the proposed approach by comparison with the ground truth obtained using a commercial marker-based motion-capture system.
ChemInform Abstract: SEMICONDUCTING PROPERTIES OF (LNI, LNII)CUO4 AND OF (LN, A)2CUO4 (LN = RARE EARTH, A = ALKALINE EARTH)
Authors: KENJO T. , YAJIMA S.
Published: April 2016

Ternäre Oxide (I)‐(V) werden durch Erhitzen (erst 750°C dann für 15 h 1000°C) aliquoter Mengen der gemeinsam gefällten Hydroxide bzw. Carbonate von Ln(III)‐, Ba‐ und Ca‐Ionen einerseits und Cu(II)‐Ionen andererseits dargestellt und ihre Leitfähigkeit sowie Gitterparameter gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: MASS SPECTROMETRIC STUDIES OF TUNGSTEN BROMIDES AND OXYBROMIDES
Authors: KAPOSI O. , POPOVIC A. , MARSEL J.
Published: April 2016

Die Bromierungsprodukte von W‐oxiden, metallischem Wund W(CO)6 werden massenspektrometrisch (Knudsen‐Effusionsmethode) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: VAPORIZATION OF COPPER(II) CHLORIDE AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE VAPOR STUDIED USING UV VISIBLE AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: DIENSTBACH F. , EMMENEGGER F. P. , SCHLAEPFER C. W.
Published: April 2016

im Temperaturbereich 420‐650 °C und pC12 = 0.5 bis 5 at. Bezüglich der Dimerisierungsenthalpie von CuC12(g) bestätigen sich beide Meßmethoden gegenseitig [‐154 kJmol" (VIS) und ‐l43 kJmol" (RA)].
ChemInform Abstract: A STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF SURFACE OXYGEN OF VANADIUM(V) OXIDE CATALYSTS BY THE USE OF OXYGEN‐18 TRACER
Authors: KERA Y.
Published: April 2016

Unter Anwendung von hochkonzentriertem C18O2 werden die Geschwindigkeiten des Isotopenaustauschs zwischen CO2 und dem Oberflächensauerstoff von V2O5‐Pulver (Gleichung A) sowie der isotopen Gleichgewichtseinstellung von Sauerstoff im CO2 an der Oberfläche (Gleichung B) simultan im Temperaturbereich 330 bis 450°C bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: FLASH PHOTOLYTIC INVESTIGATIONS ON THE REACTION OF TRANSIENT CHLORIDE (CL2‐) WITH URANIUM(IV) IN AQUEOUS 0.5N HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION
Authors: BHATTACHARYYA P. K. , SAINI R. D.
Published: April 2016

Kinetische Untersuchung der photochemischen Oxidation von U(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: DIE TRICYANATOMERCURATE KHG(NCO)3 UND RBHG(NCO)3 ‐ SYNTHESEN, KRISTALLSTRUKTUREN UND SCHWINGUNGSSPEKTREN
Authors: THIELE G. , HILFRICH P.
Published: April 2016

Synthesen, Kristallstrukturen und Schwingungsspektren.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND ENTHALPY OF FORMATION OF DICESIUM HEXABROMONEPTUNATE
Authors: MAGETTE M. , FUGER J.
Published: April 2016

CS2NpBr6 fällt beim Einleiten von HBr in eine salpetersaure Lösung von Np(IV) und Cs′ mikrokristallin aus.
ChemInform Abstract: A RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE MONO‐ AND DI‐PROTONATED ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETATE IONS
Authors: NUTTALL R. H. , STALKER D. M.
Published: April 2016

Die Untersuchungen erfolgen im pH‐Bereich 4.5‐13. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Monoprotonierung symmetrisch bei pH 7.5 in Wasser erfolgt, wobei beide N‐Atome gleich protoniert sind und sich Wasserstoffbindungen zu zwei Carboxylatgruppen bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE FIRST FORMALLY THREE‐COORDINATE D8 COMPLEX‐ TRIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)RHODIUM(I) PERCHLORATE AND ITS NOVEL STRUCTURE
Authors: YARED Y. W. , MILES S. L. , BAU R. , REED C. A.
Published: April 2016

Das durch Umsetzung von Chlorotris‐[triphenylphosphinl‐Rh mit Tl(I)‐perchlorat in Donatorlösungsmitteln wie Aceton, Ether oder Alkoholen erhaltene, vierzähnig koordinierte Tris‐[triphenylphosphin]‐ (lösungsmittel)‐Rh(I)‐perchlorat liefert beim Umkristallisieren aus O2‐freiem Methylenchlorid quantitativ den dreifach‐koordinierten Titelkomplex als Methylenchlorid‐ Solvat (I).
ChemInform Abstract: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHEMISTRY OF HYDRAZINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES. 56. CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DIETHYL 1,2‐HYDRAZINEDICARBOXYLATE
Authors: LINKE K.‐H. , KALKER H. G.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbind ung kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe C2/c mit Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: ACID STRENGTHS OF VARIOUS SUBSTITUTED FORMAZANS IN ETHANOLIC SOLUTION
Authors: GILL J. B. , IRVING H. M. N. H. , PRESCOTT A.
Published: April 2016

In Aceton‐ Ethanol entsteht aus dem Diazoniumchlorid (I) und dem Hydrazon (II) das Formazan (IIIa) (geringe Ausb.).
ChemInform Abstract: SPALTUNG VON O‐PHENYLCARBAMOYL‐SALICYLHYDROXAMSAEURE
Authors: ZOERKENDOERFER E.
Published: April 2016

Die Produktausbeuten bei der Spaltung der Titelverbindung (I) unter verschiedenen Bedingungen werden bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PRINS REACTION
Authors: ADAMS D. R. , BHATNAGAR S. P.
Published: April 2016

Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschreibt die Herstellung von 1,3‐Dioxanen, 1,3‐Glykolen, ungesättigten Alkoholen, ungesättigten Säuren und Estern, Diolefinen, chlorierten Ethern und Dihydropyranen durch säurekatalysierte Kondensation von Aldehyden (im wesentlichen Formaldehyd) mit Olefinen (Alkyl‐, Aryl‐, Halogen‐, und Hydroxy‐substituierte Olefine, Terpene, cyclische Olefine und Diene).
ChemInform Abstract: FIVE‐ AND SIX‐MEMBERED‐RING FORMATION FROM OLEFINIC α,β‐EPOXY KETONES AND HYDRAZINE
Authors: STORK G. , WILLIARD P. G.
Published: April 2016

Unter bestimmten strukturellen Voraussetzungen cyclisieren sich olefinische α‐Epoxy‐Ketone beim Behandeln mit Hydrazin zu Fünf‐ oder Sechsringen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF STRONG BASES WITH QUATERNARY METHALLYLAMMONIUM COMPOUNDS. V. THE BASE‐INITIATED REARRANGEMENT OF N‐METHALLYL‐N‐METHYLPIPERIDINIUM IODIDE AND ‐MORPHOLINIUM IODIDE
Authors: DIETRICH W. , SCHULZE K. , MUEHLSTAEDT M.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Einwirkung von Basen auf das Piperidiniumiodid (I) entstehen fast ausschließlich die Produkte (II), (III) und (IV) (kleine Ausb.) entsprechender Stevens‐Umlagerungen und nur wenig des Ringöffnungsproduktes (V), während das Morpholiniumiodid (VI) unter gleichen Bedingungen ausschließlich (über (VIIa) als Zwischenprodukt) das Produkt (VIIb) des Hofmannschen Abbaus liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE AROMATIC CLAISEN REARRANGEMENT. THERMAL REARRANGEMENT OF ERYTHROID AND THREOID ORTHO‐DIENONES
Authors: WUNDERLI A. , WINKLER T. , HANSEN H.‐J.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Naphthol (I) bzw. dem Phenol (IV) werden zunächst die erythro‐(a)‐ und threo‐(b)‐konfigurierten Propinyldienone (II) bzw. (V) gewonnen.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL ADDITION OF DIENES TO N‐ALKYLPHTHALIMIDES
Authors: MAZZOCCHI P. H. , BOWEN M. J. , NARAIN N. K.
Published: April 2016

Die photochemische Addition des Butadiens (II) an das Phthalimid (I) gibt ein Gemisch der isomeren Benzodiazepinderivate (IIIa) und (IIIb); Bestrahlung des′ Hydrierungsproduktes (IV) führt zum Dion (V).
ChemInform Abstract: REVERSIBLE ADDITION OF A CARBONIUM ION TO A DOUBLE BOND
Authors: SAUNDERS M. , LLOYD J. R.
Published: April 2016

Das tert‐Butylkation (I) addiert sich bei ‐115°C an Isobutylen (II) zum Carboniumion (III), das zum Ion (IV) isomerisiert und beim Erwärmen auf ‐80°C durch β‐Spaltung die Ausgangsverbindungen wieder zurückbildet.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL‐ION OXIDATIVE DECARBOXYLATION. PART 11. KINETIC IDENTIFICATION OF THE REACTIVE CERIUM(IV) SPECIES IN THE OXIDATION OF METHYLIMINODIACETIC ACID (MIDA) IN ACIDIC SULFATE MEDIA
Authors: HANNA S. B. , HESSLEY R. K. , NICHOLSON L. M.
Published: April 2016

Das System HClO4/Na2SO4/NaClO4 stellt ein saures Sulfatmedium dar, in dem die [H"] unabhängig von der Sulfatkonzentration variiert und in dem die Konzentration der verschiedenen Ce(IV)‐Sulfato‐Spezies kontrolliert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECTS OF NEIGHBORING FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN THE ASYMMETRIC REDUCTION OF Ω‐SUBSTITUTED ALKYL PHENYL KETONES WITH LITHIUM TRI‐L‐MENTHOXYALUMINUM HYDRIDE
Authors: YAMAGUCHI S. , KABUTO K.
Published: April 2016

Die enantioselektive Reduktion der Ketone (I) mit dem Reagenz (II) unter Bildung optisch aktiver Alkohole (III) wird hinsichtlich des Einflusses der funktionellen Gruppen Y (die Gruppe Y = Et dient als Vergleichsstandard) und der Anzahl n der Methylengruppen auf den Grad der Stereoselektivität untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN LIQUID HYDROGEN FLUORIDE
Authors: FEIRING A. E.
Published: April 2016

In wasserfreier F lußsäure können katalytische Hydrierungen durchgeführt werden, die für zahlreiche Vertreter untersucht werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC METHODS AND REACTIONS, 39. PHASE TRANSFER CATALYST PROMOTED HALOGENATION OF ALKENES WITH HYDROHALIC ACID HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Authors: HO T.‐L. , GUPTA B. G. B. , OLAH G. A.
Published: April 2016

Die Chlorierung von Cycloalkenen (I) und l‐Oeten (Id) mit konz. Salzsäure und 30% Wasserstoffperoxid in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff in Gegenwart von Calciumchlorid und Benzyltriethylammoniumchlorid bei Raumtemperatur gelingt in Ausbeuten von 56 ‐ 77%, die entsprechende Bromierung unter diesen Bedingungen in Ausbeuten von 92 ‐ 96%.
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM(II) ASSISTED ALKYLATION OF OLEFINS WITH STABILIZED CARBANIONS
Authors: HAYASHI T. , HEGEDUS L. S.
Published: April 2016

Alkylierung von Monoolefinen (I) bzw. (V) mit stabilisierten Carbanionen der Verbindungen (H) bzw. (VIII) in Gegenwart von PdCl2 und Triethylamin liefert a) ungesättigte Produkte (III) bzw. (IV), wenn das Reaktionsgemisch erwärmt wird (β‐Eliminierung von "PdH" aus dem intermediären o‐Alkylpalladium‐Komplex) bzw. b) gesättigte Produkte (VI) [daneben z.T. (VII)] bzw. (IX) , wenn vor dem Erwärmen des Reaktionsgemisches hydriert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHETIC REAGENTS. METHYLTHIOMALEIC ANHYDRIDE‐ A SYNTHON FOR PROTECTED CARBOMETHOXYKETENE
Authors: TROST B. M. , LUNN G.
Published: April 2016

Reaktion der Titelverbindung (I) (Darstellung beschrieben) mit verschiedenen Dienen, z.B. (II), (VIII) bzw. (XII), liefert Anhydride (III), (IX) bzw. (XIII), deren Methanolyse/oxidative Decarboxylierung entweder zu Ketalestern wie (IV), (X) oder zu Enolthioethern wie (XIV) (analog: Überführung von (XVI), erhältlich aus (XIII) (keine näheren Angaben) in (XVII)) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REACTIONS OF α‐AMINO ETHERS WITH PROTIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: RICART G. , GLACET C. , COUTURIER D.
Published: April 2016

Die Aminoether (I) reagieren mit den protischen Verbindungen (II) unter Bildung der Verbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY AMINES WITH 2‐NITROPHENAZINE 10‐OXIDE
Authors: MINOLI G. , ALBINI A. , BETTINETTI G. F. , PIETRA S.
Published: April 2016

Die Dunkelreaktion der Titelverbindung (IV) mit den Aminen (III) in DMF ergibt hauptsächlich das Reduktionsprodukt (II), das im Fall der sek. Amine (IIIb) vom Substitutionsprodukt (Ib) begleitet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: DEFINED POLYETHYLENE OXIDE DERIVATIVES. V. NITROGEN‐CONTAINING POLYETHYLENE OXIDES
Authors: GERHARDT W. , KUCHARSKI S.
Published: April 2016

Die Chlorhydrine (Ia) werden mit Dodecylamin zu den α‐Hydro‐w‐amino‐polyoxyethylenen (IIa) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CHALCOGENOLATES. 75. STUDIES ON N‐CYANODITHIOCARBIMIDIC ACID. 3. DIMETHYL ESTER AND METHYL ESTER SALTS OF THE ACID
Authors: GATTOW G. , KLAESER K.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend vom Salz (II) werden der Dimethylester (I), das Monomethylestersalz (IIIa) sowie [ aus (IIIa) mit Tl ‐Ionen] das Tl‐Salz (IIIb) dargestellt, die mit verschiedenen Methoden charakterisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF OLEFINS VIA REDUCTION‐DECYANATION OF β,Γ‐UNSATURATED NITRILES
Authors: MARSHALL J. A. , BIERENBAUM R.
Published: April 2016

Aus den ungesättigten Nitrilen (IV) erhält man durch Behandlung mit Lithiumdiisopropylamid und Methyliodid oder Eisessig die Substitutionsprodukte bzw. die isomeren Olefine (Va) und (Vb), die mit Na in Ammoniak zu den isomeren Olefinen (VI) und (VII) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: IRON CARBONYL INDUCED REACTIONS OF NORBORNENE DERIVATIVES WITH SUBSTITUTED ACETYLENES
Authors: HAYAKAWA K. , SCHMID H.
Published: April 2016

Die durch Fe(CO)5 induzierte Photoreaktion von Norbornadien (I) (im großen Überschuß) mit den Acetylen‐Derivaten (II), (V), (VII), (IX) bzw. (XII) ergibt stets das Cyclopentanonsystem (III) im Gemisch mit den polycyclischen Ketonen (IV), (VI), (VIII), (X) und (XI) bzw. (XIII) und (XIV).
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO 2,5‐DISUBSTITUTED 1,4‐BENZOQUINONES
Authors: MOORE H. W. , SING Y. L. , SIDHU R. S.
Published: April 2016

Mit Organolithium‐Verbindungen erhält man aus dem Chinon (I) Mono‐ (II) und Bis‐Addukte (III), letztere werden durch Schwefelsäure in Diglykoldimethylether in (IV) übergefuhrt.
ChemInform Abstract: CHALCOGENOLATES. 74. STUDIES ON N‐CYANODITHIOCARBIMIDIC ACID. 2. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE FREE ACID
Authors: GATTOW G. , KLAESER K.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Umsetzung einer Suspension des Di‐K‐Salzes (I) in Ether mit HCl entsteht die rotgefärbte N‐Cyandithiocarbirnidsäure H,S,C2N, , die aufgrund des Massenspektrums in den tautomeren Strukturen (II) bzw. (III) vorliegt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF THE INDOLE SERIES. IV. 2‐ALKYL OR 2‐ARYL 3‐(4‐AMINOALKOXYBENZOYL)INDOLES AS POTENTIAL ANTIANGINAL AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY COMPOUNDS
Authors: INION H. , VOGELAER H. , DESCAMPS M. , BAUTHIER J. , COLOT M. , RICHARD J. , CHARLIER R.
Published: April 2016

Thermische Kondensation der Indole (I) mit äquimolekularen Mengen der Chloralkyl‐benzoylchloride (II) ergibt die Derivate (III), deren Aminolyse mit den Aminen (IV) zu den 3‐Aminoalkoxybenzoyl‐indolen (V) [ Ausbb.
ChemInform Abstract: THE USE OF (2,3) SIGMATROPIC REARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SPECIFIC ORTHO‐SUBSTITUTION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC AMINES. THE METHYLATION OF NAPHTHYLAMINES AND THE SYNTHESIS OF 1H‐BENZ(G)INDOLES AND 3H‐BENZ(E)INDOLES
Authors: GASSMAN P. G. , SCHENK W. N.
Published: April 2016

2‐Naphthylamin (I) reagiert mit tert.‐Butylhypochlorit.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. PART XVIII. SYNTHESIS OF 3,5‐DIARYL‐4‐(N‐SUBSTITUTED P‐SULFAMYLBENZENEAZO)PYRAZOLES AS POTENTIAL ANTIBACTERIALS
Authors: KABRA A. , SAHARIA G. S. , SHARMA H. R.
Published: April 2016

Die durch Kondensation der Azoverbindungen (I) mit Hydrazinen (II) in Eisessig in ca. 70%iger Ausbeute erhältlichen 4‐Azopyrazole (III) besitzen z.T. eine gute antibakterielle Wirksamkeit (S. aureus, E. coli).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ADAMANTANE DERIVATIVES. VIII. ADAMANTYL ESTERS OF PYRIDINECARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: DANILENKO G. I. , VOTYAKOV V. I. , MOKHORT N. A. , ANDREEVA O. G. , SHASHIKHINA M. N. , TIMOFEEVA M. M. , BORENKO E. I. , DENISOVA L. V. , BRUSKOVA I. V.
Published: April 2016

Es sollten die Virus‐inhibierende und entzündungshemmende Wirkung von adamantanhaltigen Estern (III) der Nicotin‐ und Isonicotinsäure untersucht werden.
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATION REACTION OF ACETYLENE DERIVATIVES WITH SOME SUBSTITUTED Δ2‐THIAZOLINES
Authors: ROCHEVILLE‐DIVORNE C. , ROGGERO J.‐P.
Published: April 2016

Die aus den Nitrilen (I) und Cysteamin erhältlichen Thiazoline (II) reagieren über die aktivierte Methylengruppe in 2‐Stellung mit Acetylendicarbonsäuredimethylester zu den Thiazolinopyrimidonen (IIIa) (keine Ausb.‐Angaben).
ChemInform Abstract: THE ANOMALOUS COURSE OF THE REDUCTION OF DIPHENYL‐2,2′‐DISULFONYL CHLORIDE. AN OLD MYSTERY REEXAMINED AND EXPLAINED
Authors: CHAU M. M. , KICE J. L.
Published: April 2016

Anilin‐2‐sulfonsäure (Ia) liefert über das Diazoniumsalz die Iod‐Verbindung (Ib), die über das Säurechlorid (IIa) in den Phenylester (IIb) übergeführt wird.