bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The concept of “personal information” in the Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 – a comparative analysis from a European perspective
Authors: Baumann J , Ismail N
Published: August 2022

Die Wet op Beskerming van Persoonlike Inligting 4 van 2013 is ’n mylpaal in die ontwikkeling van die Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing oor databeskerming. ’n Aantal sleutelbepalings van hierdie wet is vanaf 1 Julie 2021 van toepassing en hou aansienlike uitdagings in vir nakoming deur verantwoordelike partye. In die lig van die afdwingingsmeganismes wat deur Wet 4 van 2013 geïmplementeer word, is dit van kardinale belang om die omvang daarvan so presies moontlik te bepaal. Die begrip “persoonlike inligting” is van fundamentele belang vir die uitbreiding van die materiële omvang van die wet. Wet 4 van 2013 is opgestel aan die hand van gevestigde internasionale raamwerke vir databeskerming, sowel as die Europese riglyn vir die beskerming van data van 1995. Alhoewel die Europese databeskermingsraamwerk intussen verder ontwikkel het deur die implementering van ’n algemene regulasie insake die beskerming van gegewens, bied die Europese wetgewing oor databeskerming ’n “ekosisteem” vir regsvergelyking met Wet 4 van 2013 vanweë die historiese verband tussen die onderskeie instrumente. Dit is veral die geval met betrekking tot die reëls insake die materiële omvang van Wet 4 van 2013, waarin konsepte en meganismes uit die Europese raamwerk aanvaar word. In hierdie verband word ondersoek of die interpretasie van die omvangsreëls soos deur die Europese hof van justisie ontwikkel, ’n raamwerk kan bied vir die interpretasie van die bepalings van Wet 4 van 2013. Die normatiewe basis van die konsep “persoonlike inligting” in Wet 4 van 2013 val in ’n groot mate saam met die konsep van “persoonlike data” in Europese wetgewing oor die beskerming van data, maar wyk ook in sekere aspekte daarvan af. Die artikel bied ’n vergelykende analise van hierdie konsepte. Dit blyk dat akademiese standpunte en regspraak afkomstig uit die Europese Unie gebruik kan word as ’n waardevolle bron vir die interpretasie van Wet 4 van 2013. Dit is veral van toepassing op die vraag in hoeverre kennis van derde partye in ag geneem moet word om ’n persoon as “identifiseerbaar” te klassifiseer. Die Europese hof van justisie het in die Breyer-saak uitspraak oor hierdie hoogs omstrede aangeleentheid gebied en wel in die konteks van dinamiese IP-adresse. In die artikel word bespreek of die interpretasie deur die Europese hof bruikbaar kan wees in ’n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks.
A conceptual view of the act of testation to elucidate a testator’s intention in the South African law of succession: a proposed “act-based model” as opposed to the traditional “requirements model” (part 2)
Authors: Faber J
Published: August 2022

By definition, the law of succession governs the devolution of assets. The recognition of testamentary succession enables a testator to express his/her will (intention) in terms of the disposition of assets in a last will and testament. The act of testation (or testamentary act) may be broadly defined as the practical manifestation of testator’s intention, where the latter is primarily concerned with the disposition of assets. Beinart describes the act of testation and its requirements as follows: “It is clear law that a will, before it can be given effect to as such, must be a conscious, serious and deliberate statement of intention, and therefore a mere indication of a testator’s last wishes, or a statement for future use, or a mere note, or instructions for execution of the will is not an act of testation. There must be a serious and complete and final act of testation made animo testandi, of such a nature as to show [the] testator intended his declaration to take effect as his will. Unless the declaration is of such a nature there is no act of testation at all.
Aantekening: An update of recent labour law developments from South African courts 2021
Authors: Van Staden MJ
Published: August 2022

This contribution summarises and addresses recent South African labour law cases from June 2020 to May 2021. It focuses on a number of noteworthy decisions handed down by South African courts on a range of labour law matters. The cases addressed here were chosen because they established new standards, greatly expanded on existing ones, or established new legal tests. These judgments have a notable effect on labour law and the employment relationship in particular. They are anticipated to be particularly influential in future cases. In this period, it has also become necessary for the courts to deal with a number of cases involving Covid- 19-related facts.
TOXIC BEHAVIORS IN SOCIAL MEDIA: AN ANALYSIS OF RAPPORT THREAT BEHAVIORS IN SOCIAL MEDIA INTERACTIONS
Authors: Reski Reski
Published: August 2022

Toxic Behaviors are what people do that irritate, annoy, or cause unpleasant feeling to others. These behaviors may cause other people to be depressed, angry, furious, sad, and anxious. In Rapport Management (Spencer-Oatey, 2000), these toxic behaviors are known as rapport threat behaviors since this kind of behaviors can threaten other people interpersonal rapport which is essential for harmonizing relationships between people. The main purpose of this study was to analyze these threatening behaviors to rapport in social media interactions.  Social media interactions are the interactions found in social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, MySpace, and other platforms. The sample for this study was the interactions in two social media platforms which are Facebook and Instagram. The study found that there are several rapport threat behaviors in the two social media platforms interactions. The rapport threat behaviors are accusations, insults, trash talks, the inappropriate use of emoji, the use of all capitalized letters and misunderstanding context and the captions of certain posts.
THE LANGUAGE ATTITUDE OF GANTARANG COMMUNITY TOWARDS KONJO LANGUAGE: A CASE STUDY IN THE REALM OF FAMILY AND SCHOOL
Authors: Indarwati Indarwati , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Lukman Lukman , Sahib Harlina
Published: August 2022

This study aims to reveal the language attitude of the Konjo-speaking community in Gantarang sub-district towards the Konjo language, especially in the village of Benteng Gantarang. The methods used in this research are survey, observation, and interview methods. The results showed that53.3% of respondents Disagree, 16.7% chose to be Neutral, 10% of respondents Strongly Disagree; if the Konjo language must be taught/acquired by children at home; only 16.7% agree. As for the second statement, namely the Konjo language must be used as the main language in everyday communication at home, the response was not agree.as many as 56.7% of respondents, respondents who agree by 20% and 13.3% choose to be Neutral. The third statement, namely the Konjo language must be used in elementary schools (especially grades 1 to grade 3), was responded to disagree as much as70% and only 13.3% Agree, and the rest Strongly Disagree. Then, the 4th statement, namely the Konjo language needs to be taught in schools, as many as 56.7% of respondents stated Disagree and 26.7% stated Agree, and 10% of respondents chose to be Neutral.
Coping mechanisms of families of children’s with special education needs
Authors: Enache Rodica Gabriela , Mitu Iuliana
Published: August 2022

The issues of disabilities in their children shake the families and serve as sources of severe psychological disruption to family adjustment. The parents of children with special needs are confronted with major changes in their family life, both with regard to the relationship between husbands, as well as to the parent-child relationship and for this efficient relationship and their quality of life not to suffer, it is necessary that each of the parents develops his/her own resources. The parents of such children live with many difficult issues and frequently experience trauma, grief and stress.
The formation of a new paradigm of ecological and economic interaction: sustainable development and the energy factor
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Khisamutdinov Irek , Karachurina Guzel ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Khodkovskaya Yulia ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the crisis of ecological and economic interaction and possible ways to resolve this conflict in retrospect: the compensation model, the concept of "sustainable development", etc. In the context of the transition to ecological sustainable development, a significant role is assigned to "green energy", which has led to a fundamental revision of the introduction of carbon-free nuclear technologies in the country's energy balance in favor of nuclear installations of both large and small mobile power, which has a great future.
Analysis of labor productivity in the construction sector in the regions of the Volga federal district
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Degtyareva Irina , Mamleeva Elvira ,   Institute for Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Trofimova Natalia ,   Institute for Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Sazykina Marina ,   Institute for Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes labor productivity in the construction industry in the subjects of the Volga Federal District. It is revealed that the level of labor productivity by the type of economic activity "Construction" lags behind the average industry indicators. Also, in most regions of the Volga Federal District, labor productivity in the construction industry lags behind the average Russian values of the indicator. The identified problems of the development of the industry indicate the need to search for reserves for the growth of labor productivity in the subjects of the Volga Federal District.
Labor productivity management: cognitive models of contradictions
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ismagilova Larisa , Arylbaeva Elvira ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University
Published: August 2022

The analysis of the research, demonstrating the interrelation between the efficiency of human resources management and economic results of the enterprise has been conducted. Causal relationship between human resource management and productivity is shown. Contradictions in the formation of human and labor resources are revealed. The defining role of human capital in the structure of intangible resources. The procedure of substantiation of the choice of HR-practices that involves the construction of a generalized cognitive model of the impact of intangible resources on productivity was formed. The structure of the system of labor productivity management is developed. The structure of the blocks of imitation model on the basis of econometric research data, the procedure of selection of the most important HR-factors is proposed. The possibility of substantiating the choice of control actions based on modeling results is shown. Causal scheme of labor productivity management through intangible resources of industrial enterprise is proposed. A set of econometric models built on the basis of generalization of empirical research and statistical data of specific enterprises was used to develop the model.
Subjects of the information confidentiality regime when securing a trade secret
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Malyshev Sergey
Published: August 2022

Analyzing the active side of the subjects of the commercial secret regime, the following main directions can be distinguished in it: establishment of the commercial secret regime; operation (use and use) of the commercial secret regime; change of the commercial secret regime; termination of the commercial secret regime. Depending on the above-mentioned directions of the activity of the subject in relation to the regime of confidentiality of information while ensuring trade secrets, the following types of subjects of this regime can be identified: 1) the main subject is the owner of the information constituting a trade secret; 2) officials who are endowed by the main subject (the owner of the information constituting a trade secret) with certain legal powers to carry out the direct operation of the trade secret regime; 3) implementing entities (employees of the company); 4) user subjects (counterparty, federal state authorities, state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies); 5) a special subject (court, preliminary investigation body, investigation body).
The future of the russian hospitality industry in the «economy of impressions»
Authors:   Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Pashko Tatyana , Tyshko Evgeny ,   Academy of Labor and Social Relations
Published: August 2022

Under the influence of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the geopolitical crisis of 2022, the hospitality industry and tourism in Russia, as well as around the world, are changing their ideology and technological processes while the consumer-oriented marketing concept remains unchanged. The problem is that the hospitality industry, which includes many customer-oriented industries, is one of the most affected in 2020–2021. Due to the global uncertainty, the prospects and timing of its recovery to the pre-pandemic level cannot be predicted by most experts. At the same time, the business processes currently observed, indicating positive dynamics, allow us to speak about the effectiveness of public and private efforts undertaken to meet the social needs of post-teen society in recreation, new experiences and travel. The article examines the changes taking place in the Russian hospitality and tourism sector, analyzes trends and innovations that need to be implemented at the present time, and also makes a number of assumptions about the prospects for the development of the industry and the industry in the near and medium term.
Toolkit for assessing and increasing the efficiency of oil and gas enterprises
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Idrisova Zemfira , Sitdikov Aydar ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University
Published: August 2022

The principles, criteria, indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of the oil and gas complex in various business areas are considered. The classification of performance indicators is systematized according to the criteria of economy, efficiency, investment attractiveness and business value. The importance of the social components of efficiency for large integrated production and economic systems and the compliance of the program of social and economic development of the oil and gas complex with state priorities are emphasized. A descriptive model for managing the efficiency of an oil and gas complex has been formed. The importance of highlighting the effectiveness of marketing, strategic and operational management, as well as the use of tools for achieving social efficiency according to the criterion "Corporate Business Ethics" in accordance with ESG standards is shown.
Writing One’s Own Obituary: Student Reflections on an Assignment in a Positive Psychology Class
Authors: Payne Jackelyn , Jones Devan , Hwang Jenny , Babar Huma , Tse Elizabeth , Mock Kathryn , Moyer Anne
Published: August 2022

Writing one’s own obituary has been promoted as a means to feel less anxiety regarding death and, as an experiential educational exercise, to clarify one’s values and goals and crystalize one’s professional visions. This study examined students' responses to engaging in an exercise that involved writing one’s own obituary as part of a college course in positive psychology. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of 97 assignments using a grounded theory approach. Students reported that they wanted to be remembered for positive personal characteristics and making a difference in people’s lives. Elements of a satisfying life included achievements both in the personal realm, as well as contributions to others and the world. Importantly, student reflections on the assignment indicated that they acknowledged that it was valuable in serving as a motivator to strive towards an ideal self, although some made comments relating to downplaying the role of achievements. Our findings contribute to prior literature exploring how psychology students interact with and benefit from experiential exercises in the classroom. They also provide much-needed insights into the subjective experiences of individuals engaging in this well-known positive psychology intervention.
Trends in Moscow population general and primary cardiovascular morbidity
Authors: Kuraeva Viktoriya M.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. In the structure of morbidity in the adult population of the city of Moscow, diseases of the circulatory system continue to be in the top three, being the most frequent cause of death. For a number of years on the territory of the city of Moscow, programs have been implemented aimed at reducing the level of morbidity and mortality in the adult population, at the same time, diseases of the circulatory system continue to remain the most important medical and social problem. Objective. The assessment of the dynamics of the general and primary morbidity of the adult population of the administrative districts of the city of Moscow by the class of diseases of the circulatory system. Materials and methods. In the course of the analysis, data from the collections of the Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department and statistical collections of the Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of the Ministry of Health of Russia “Morbidity of the adult population of the Russian Federation” for 2013–2020. An analytical method was used, the calculation of indicators of the time series (growth rates). Results. The indicator of the general morbidity of the adult population of the city of Moscow for the study period 2013–2020 against the background of the growth of indicators in general for the RF and the Central Federal District, decreased by 14 %, primary morbidity by 21 %. The greatest decrease in the overall morbidity rate was noted in the Central Administrative District and the Zelenograd Administrative District (-33.5 % and -30.5 %). The decrease in primary morbidity in the Central Administrative District was 64 %, in the Zelenograd Administrative District (-40.7 %), in the Northern Administrative District (-28.7 %), across the Russian Federation and the Central Federal District, the level remained practically unchanged (+2.3 % and -2.2 %, respectively).
List of essential public healthcare functions as a basis for analysis and evaluation of the public health system in a city
Authors: Korotkova Ekaterina O.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The World Health Assembly in resolution WHA69.1 defined the essential public health operations (EPHO) as the most cost-effective, comprehensive and sustainable ways of improving population health and reducing the burden of disease. In recent years Russia has been actively working to introduce a system for motivating people to lead healthy lifestyles into the medical prevention system. A special place is given to the regions. Moscow as an independent region of the Russian Federation has a great potential in this field. However, for the effectiveness of health system planning and public health promotion measures at the national, regional and municipal levels, more clarity is needed on the issue of EPHOs. Objectives. To study the main characteristics of EPHO list and results of its application in the countries of the world as a tool of public health system construction on the level of a city. Materials and methods. A content analysis of World Health Organization documents, scientific publications of foreign and domestic authors, country reports on the development of EPHOs lists and evaluation of POPs implementation was performed. Results. The list of EPHOs varies from country to country because of different national priorities, demographics, financial resources, etc. The European Region's list of ten EPHOs describes elements inside and outside the public health system. The list of EPHOs is used as a tool for analyzing public health systems or organizations at the national and local level. Discussion. More conceptual clarity is needed for public health systems planning and public health advocacy, as well as adaptation of the EPHO assessment tool to the context of Moscow. Conclusion. The structure of the EPHOs list included in the instrument of WHO Regional Office for Europe can reflect the public health landscape in Moscow and be used as a tool for investigation of public health systems or organizations at the city level and can contribute to the elaboration of the unified city public health policy and establishment of integrated public health services.
Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among the adult population of several administrative districts of Moscow before the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Feiginova Svetlana I. , Savina Anna A.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Currently, increased attention of public policy is paid to non-communicable diseases, which are the leading causes in the structure of mortality, disability and morbidity of the population. In this connection, many government programs are currently being implemented to prevent non-communicable diseases and correct risk factors. Finland's experience in the implementation of the North Karelia project has shown the effectiveness of the prevention of noncommunicable diseases through interagency cooperation. As a result, one of the priority areas of work of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation has become the formation of a unified system of strengthening public health. In 2020, the Moscow Department of Health approved the Regional Program for Strengthening the Public Health of the Moscow Population, on the basis of which district programs began to be developed. Objective. Analysis of the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among the adult population of the Northern, North-Eastern and Southern administrative districts for 2017–2019. Materials and methods. The materials used were programs to strengthen the public health of the population of the Northern Administrative District, Northern Eastern Administrative District and the Southern Administrative District of Moscow. Results. The largest number of pathological abnormalities in the course of a preventive medical examination and clinical examination is revealed during a survey (questionnaire) and examination by a general practitioner, i. e. at the beginning and at the end of the first stage of clinical examination. According to the results of preventive medical examinations and clinical examination, the greatest contribution (more than 50 %) is made by such risk factors as inappropriate nutrition, low physical activity and overweight, the smallest proportion was hyperglycemia (from 1.2 % to 2.9 %). A high percentage of identified risk factors for non-communicable diseases is noted in the age group 39–60 years old (mainly among women), about 40 % – in the elderly population (over 60 years old).
Overview of the implemented in Moscow state programs in the public health field
Authors: Skulkina Julia N.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Public health measures are implemented in accordance with the essential public health operations (EPHO). The EPHO tool can be used not only as a guide for assessing the potential of public health, but also to identify actions needed to strengthen and improve public health. As part of the self-assessment of the performance of operational functions of public health in Moscow, strategic documents in the interests of health and well-being implemented in Moscow (EPHO 6) were studied and a review of state programs implemented by executive authorities was conducted. Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of legal sources, regulatory legal acts, projects implemented by the executive authorities of Moscow, which are co-executors of the Regional Program for Strengthening Public Health. Results. State programs implemented by co-executors are an important tool that allows to combine the resources of stakeholders in addressing health promotion issues. It is possible to use the development and implementation of state programs as a search for new methods of solving tasks in the field of health promotion; coordination of goals, development of mechanisms of interdepartmental interaction for the formation of a public health system in Moscow.
Healthcare Performance Evaluation using preventable mortality criteria
Authors: Ivanova Alla E. , Sabgayda Tamara P. , Semyonova Victoria G. , Evdokushkina Galina N.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. There is an urgent need to develop independent objective criteria for evaluating the Moscow healthcare system in accordance with the priorities of increasing life expectancy. Objectives. The study is aimed at assessing the methodology of preventable mortality by Moscow healthcare specialists, identifying the scale and dynamics of preventable mortality in Moscow on the basis of this methodology and assessing the impact of healthcare on life expectancy of Moscow population according to the set of criteria. Methods and materials. In 2019, an electronic survey was conducted among the experts from 14 medical specialties (937 respondents) working in inpatient and/or outpatient organizations. Upon the received results, trends and causes of preventable mortality in Moscow are presented. Results. There are three criteria that indicate the effectiveness of Moscow healthcare system over the past two decades (2000-2018): rapid-decreasing mortality from preventable causes against the background of the dynamics of total mortality in patients up to 75 years; higher rates of mortality reduction from causes dependent on behavioral risk factors; reduction in preventable mortality share in the life expectancy loss. At the same time, the rates of preventable mortality in Moscow remain quite significant, indicating that there is more potential for reducing premature mortality in Moscow. Of the 6.8 years for males and 3.7 years for females reduced by the maximum possible life expectancy before the age of 75 due to premature mortality, preventable deaths account for 5.0 and 2.3 years, respectively. By reducing mortality from preventable causes classified in group 1 and depending on the quality of medical care, life expectancy at the age of 75 years can be increased according to 2018 data by 2.3 years for men and 1.4 years for women. Due to causes classified in group 2 and dependent on effective primary prevention and public health efforts, the increase could be 2.8 and 0.8 years, respectively. The results of our study reveal potential for reducing mortality from nosological and age perspectives, and can be used to update health policy measures.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI PENERAPAN METODE JIGSAW PADA PELAJARAN PKN MATERI PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN TINGKAT PUSAT DAN DAERAH SISWA SMP KLS VIII
Authors: Marpaung Rince , Sitorus Sunday Ade
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa Kelas VIII SMP Swasta Cerdas Mandiri melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Jigsaw. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus. Berdasarkan analisis data dalam penelitian ini bahwa penerapan Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw dapat meningkatkan ketuntasan individual siswa dan ketuntasan klasikal siswa. Penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw juga dapat membuat siswa lebih aktif. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus 1 yaitu 68,33 dengan prosentase ketuntasan sebesar 13,89% dan meningkat pada siklus 2 menjadi 85,28 dengan prosentase ketuntasan sebesar 100%. Demikian juga dengan rata-rata sikap siswa pada siklus 1 ialah 51,33 dan meningkat pada siklus 2 menjadi 84,78. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
KOMPARASI KURIKULUM 1964 DAN 1968 SERTA KAJIAN MATERI GEOGRAFI PADA JENJANG SMP
Authors: Respatiadi Faisal , Zid Muhammad , Hotimah Oot
Published: August 2022

Kurikulum merupakan seperangkat konsep serta pengaturan hal tujuan, isi, serta materi pelajaran dan metode yang dipakai selaku prinsip pembelajaran buat menggapai tujuan pembelajaran. Kurikulum ialah kunci dalam pembelajaran resmi yang senantiasa dirombak ataupun ditinjau balik buat menjajaki kemajuan ilmu wawasan serta era. Kemajuan kurikulum di Indonesia diawali dari kurikulum 1947 hingga dengan saat ini( kurikulum merdeka). Riset ini hendak mangulas komparasi antara kurikulum 1964 serta 1968 serta riset ini memakai tipe riset kualitatif non interaktif dengan memakai tata cara analisa isi Sebab riset yang dicoba merupakan mempelajari tiap isi yang ada dalam sebagian harian serta novel yang berkaitan dengan kurikulum 1964 serta 1968. Informasi yang sudah digabungkan berikutnya dianalisis dengan memakai tata cara analisa isi. Analisa ini dibesarkan selaku usaha pengerukan lebih lanjut hal kurikulum 1964 serta 1968. Kurikulum di Indonesia hadapi pergantian diawali dari kurikulum 1947 hingga dengan kurikulum merdeka. Yang menimbulkan pergantian kurikulum merupakan menjajaki kemajuan era serta menjajaki situasi dan keinginan dikala itu. Pergantian kurikulum buat menggapai tujuan pembelajaran.
Potential of Plant Growth Regulators to Enhance Arsenic Phytostabilization by Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott
Authors: Chouychai Waraporn , Somtrakoon Khanitta
Published: August 2022

The limited translocation of arsenic from contaminated soil to plant biomass is one way to decrease human exposure to arsenic (As). Plant growth regulators (PGR), including salicylic acid, indole butyric acid, and calcium, have been reported to alleviate toxicity and decrease the accumulation of heavy metals in many plants. Thus, this study has investigated the effect of plant growth regulators, including salicylic acid, salicylic acid + calcium chloride, indole butyric acid, and indole butyric acid + calcium chloride, to stimulate the growth and phytostabilization of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott grew in arsenic-spiked soil. The results showed shoot growth, root growth, and total chlorophyll content of P. purpureum cv. Mott grown in non-spiked soil were not significantly different from those grown in arsenic-spiked soil. Only the root-to-shoot ratio of plants grown under arsenic-spiked soil (0.28) was higher than that of non-spiked soil (0.19). Exogenous plant growth regulator application of each formula did not stimulate the growth of plants grown under both soil conditions. The most suitable plant growth regulator was indole butyric acid + calcium chloride, as the highest arsenic accumulation in plant roots was detected (47.38 mg/kg). It corresponds with the arsenic bioaccumulation factor, translocation factor, and efficiency, which were 4.52, 0.06, and 9.77% when using exogenously indole butyric acid + calcium chloride. Meanwhile, arsenic’s translocation factor and efficiency were low when using the other formulae of plant growth regulators. Thus, 0.001 mM indole butyric acid + 20 mM calcium chloride may be used for the cultivation of P. purpureum cv. Mott as a forage crop in areas with low levels of arsenic contamination because it could limit the amount of arsenic entering the food chain.
Thực trạng và giải pháp quản lý, tổ chức giao thông ứng phó với đường ngập nước do mưa tại Quận 9, Tp Thủ Đức, Tp HCM
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hương
Published: August 2022

Vào mùa mưa ở thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (TPHCM), đường thường xuyên bị ngập, gây ảnh hưởng đến hoạt động giao thông vận tải và kinh tế xã hội. Cơ quan quản lý thường bị động trong việc xử lý sự cố xảy ra do mưa và ngập. Bài báo giới thiệu một nghiên cứu về các giải pháp quản lý giao thông ứng phó với điều kiện thời tiết bất lợi như mưa, bão gây ngập đường, mất an toàn và ùn tắc giao thông. Mục tiêu là đề xuất được giải pháp khả thi, chủ động, thông minh nhờ việc nắm bắt được xu hướng hành vi tham gia giao thông và ứng dụng giao thông thông minh (ITS). Nghiên cứu được tiếp cận từ việc phân tích hiện trạng công tác quản lý, tổ chức và điều khiển giao thông ứng phó với mưa và ngập đường tại Quận 9, TP Thủ Đức, TPHCM. Sau đó, tổng hợp giải pháp kinh nghiệm Việt Nam và nước ngoài, phân tích sự thay đổi trong dòng giao thông và hành vi tham gia giao thông. Nghiên cứu đã đề xuất được bộ giải pháp tiềm năng có thể áp dụng trên địa bàn Quận 9. Sau đó sử dụng phần mềm mô phỏng VISUM để lượng hoá tác động của 2 nhóm giải pháp là Thông tin và cảnh báo, và Kiểm soát phương tiện. Kết quả đánh giá cho thấy, các giải pháp giúp tăng vận tốc lưu thông và giảm thời gian đi lại.
A Comparative Study of Data Protection Laws: Current Global Trends, Challenges and Need of Reforms in India
Authors: Godiyal Shailendra Prasad , Singh Kuldeep
Published: August 2022

“The best way to get a bad law repealed is to enforce it strictly.” Abraham Lincoln’s legacy is still relevant in this decade. The 21st century is sometimes referred to as “the information age” because of the tremendous growth in the variety of ways we use information. India is rapidly transforming into digital economy. India has also been affected by the digital revolution. Recognizing its importance and the potential for significant disruption in practically every area of society, Indian government devised and implemented the “Digital India” plan. India is on track to develop into a digital economy with a substantial market for foreign businesses. In January 2022, there were 658.0 million internet users in India. Between 2021 and 2022, there were 47 million more internet users in India (+8.2 percent). Internet penetration in India stood at 47.0% in January 2022.

Data security and protection are crucial given the world’s increasing digitization. Processing of personal data is increasingly widespread, despite the fact that the shift to a digital economy is still in progress. Today’s digital environment makes it so that almost every action a person takes involves some sort of data transaction. New markets have emerged as a result of the Internet, particularly those whose business plans directly or indirectly involve the collection, organisation, and processing of personal data.

It is pertinent and strange to mention the fact here that, “the world’s largest taxi company UBER owns no vehicles; Facebook, the world’s most popular social media platform, creates no content; Alibaba, the most valuable retailer, has no inventory; similarly, Airbnb, the world’s largest accommodation provider, owns no real estate”. All of these are the “Data Driven” and not the “information driven” companies. It indicates that the company collects, analyses, and applies data to make important decisions. It is a serious matter of concern around the world when it comes with right to privacy of an individual. This study deals with current data protection laws, challenges and reforms in India.
Forest Species Show a Delayed Response to Cement Dust in the Soil
Authors: Rhoads Ann
Published: August 2022

Severe foliar chlorosis, leaf scorch and accompanying branch dieback, and mortality of native oak species presently occurring on a 300-acre site in northwestern New Jersey have been associated with deposition of cement dust which occurred from 1903 to 1940. Because soil pH values in the affected area are abnormally high, I conclude that acid-loving species such as Quercus prinus are declining due to the unavailability of certain essential nutrients.
Communication of Knowledge and Needs between Researcher and Arboriculturist
Authors: Shigo Alex
Published: August 2022

Research has produced a wealth of knowledge about trees, but not much of it reaches the people who need it and can use it. Some possible reasons for this are discussed, and the need for improving two-way communication between researcher and arboriculturist is emphasized.
Converting Urban Tree Maintenance Residue to Energy
Authors: Murphey W.K. , Massey J.G. , Sumrall A.
Published: August 2022

The feasibility of using residues from municipal tree maintenance and land clearing operations as fuel is examined in terms of dollars and net energy. This fuel chip market was developed as an alternative to landfilling this residue.
The Private Tree Worker and Energized Lines
Authors: Haupt Erik
Published: August 2022

The growing number of fatal or near-fatal accidents in the private sector resulting from direct or indirect contact with energized lines is cause for alarm. There is mounting evidence that employers and employees alike are either unaware of, or unfamiliar with the provisions of the federal OSHA regulations that pertain to this type of hazard or the ANSI Z-133 Standard adopted by the industry that specifically applies to safety standards for the industry. Several factual incidents are included to emphasize these points.
Trunk Injection of Dicrotophos and Trunk Implantation of Acephate to Control Foliar Pecan Pests
Authors: Dutcher J.D. , Worley R.E. , Littrell R.H.
Published: August 2022

Pecan trees treated with low pressure trunk injection of dicrotophos retained 33-76% of their foliage in late fall and control trees retained only 15%. Two injections increased foliage retention at the 2 gm/15 cm trunk circumference rate over a single injection. Treatments of dicrotophos had the most significant impact on populations of the black-pecan aphid, and yellow aphids. Acephate trunk implantation was not effective in controlling foliar pecan insects.
Branches
Authors: Shigo Alex
Published: August 2022

Trees have developed effective defense systems for walling off infections that may enter the trunk through dying and dead branches. As the growth rate of a branch decreases, the trunk wood begins to form a swollen collar around the base of the branch. When pruning, cut as close as possible to the collar, but do not remove the collar.
The Relationship Between Bronze Birch Borer and Birch Dieback
Authors: Ball John , Simmons Gary
Published: August 2022

European white birch (Betula pendula) was the species most affected by birch dieback. Grey birch (B. populifolia) was occasionally affected. Paper birches (fi. papyrifera) showing symptoms of decline and dieback were rare. European white birches in good health rarely contained larvae of the bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius. Trees in early stages of decline sustained borer larvae evenly distributed throughout the bole and main stem with lower numbers in the branches near the junction with the main stem. Trees exhibiting dieback symptoms contained high populations of borer larvae evenly distributed throughout the living cambium in the bole, main stem and live branches near the junction with the main stem, adult bronze birch borer beetles emerged only from areas where the cambium had died during the winter and early spring. Emergence did not occur from healthy trees or trees displaying early decline symptoms. Trees died back from branches in the crown; thus, adult beetles emerged in low numbers from branches of trees exhibiting dieback. The largest concentrations of adult beetles emerged from the boles and main stems of trees exhibiting advanced dieback symptoms.
Fertilization and Other Factors Enhancing the Growth Rate of Young Shade Trees
Authors: van de Werken Hendrik
Published: August 2022

Shade tree research at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee showed that non-established, bare-root planted, shade trees did not respond to nitrogen fertilization but responded vigorously after establishment. Phosphorus and potassium levels above medium did not significantly increase growth. Growth rate increase due to nitrogen applications did not affect wood density and fiber length. Trees grown in high density groves and mulched with pea gravel on plastic had a higher growth rate than those in low density groves with grass as groundcover. Survival of bare-root transplanted shade tree species was not determined by type and amount of fertilization nor by method of application. On phosphorus deficient soils slow release 14-14-14, applied broadcast, gave a higher growth index for 5 out of 6 species tested than 14-14-14 applied in holes. Application of 20-20-20 soluble fertilizer was less effective. On soils containing sufficient phosphorus, surface application of nutrients was more effective than subsurface application while ammonium nitrate and 20-20-20 were equally effective.
Crop Rotation, Sanitation, and Resistance for Urban Pest Control
Authors: Shetlar David
Published: August 2022

A review of all types of pest control techniques useful to the urban arborist is presented. Recent developments in chemical and biological controls are discussed. Modifications of traditional cultural control techniques for urban use are presented.
Crew Organization, Utilization, and Location
Authors: Miller Charles
Published: August 2022

There have been few if any major advances in line clearing efficiency since the development of the bucket truck and chipper. One approach to more effective line clearance lies with proper crew organization, utilization and location. Public Service Indiana has attempted to address these factors to best suit its needs.
Urban Arboriculture Training
Authors: Coker Paul , Kushler Martin
Published: August 2022

This paper presents the results of an innovative employment training program for urban arborists. A total of fifty-one unemployed or low-income persons in southwestern Michigan were trained in urban forestry related skills. The authors describe the rationale for the program and for the role urban arboriculture plays in improving and maintaining the quality of the urban environment. The highly positive results, in terms of educational gain, job placement and community benefit, are also detailed.
Effects of Pruning and Fertilizers on Establishment of Bareroot Deciduous Trees
Authors: Shoup Steve , Reavis Rick , Whitcomb Carl
Published: August 2022

Bareroot deciduous trees of 11 species were planted with 0, 15, 30 or 45% of the tops removed immediately following planting. A total of 528 trees were evaluated over a 2-year period. Top pruning had no effect on survival or initiation of growth of any species except pecan which was slightly slower to break buds when the tops were not pruned. Likewise, adding fertilizer to the soil surface following planting had no detrimental effect to survival or initiation of the 6 species tested. There was no advantage of the indiscriminate pruning of tops of bareroot deciduous trees at planting time and pruning more than 15% of the top appeared to be detrimental to the structural development and natural form of the species. Apparently the moisture stress from leaving the entire plant top intact is offset by the more rapid development of a supporting root system from the additional carbohydrates produced.
Growing Trees in Wire Baskets
Authors: Whitcomb Carl , Reiger Ralph , Hanks Mike
Published: August 2022

Two-year-old trees in 5 gallon containers were planted into wire baskets with bottoms lined with 6 mil polyethylene in the field. After 2 years, the trees were about 3 inch caliper and were dug in 3 minutes using a minimum of effort compared to conventional B&B techniques. The wire basket may be removed but for ease of handling is best left on the tree at planting.
Ragged and Shot-Holed Leaves Diagnosing Insect Injury
Authors: Wheeler A.G. , Valley K.
Published: August 2022

Various abiotic and biotic factors that caused ragged edges and holes in leaves of trees and shrubs are sometimes difficult to diagnose. When insects are responsible for such injury, a chewing species is not always involved. Perforated foliage may result from feeding by sucking insects and leafminers and from egg laying or oviposition. Common examples of such activity on shade trees and ornamentals are discussed.
Possible Role of Fungal Viruses in the Distribution and Spread of the Dutch Elm Disease Fungus
Authors: Pusey P. Lawrence , Wilson Charles
Published: August 2022

Double-stranded RNA, which is characteristic of fungal viruses, has been detected previously in isolates of Ceratocystis ulmi. Isolates from states with a long history of Dutch elm disease contained dsRNA, whereas isolates from states with a short history of the disease had no dsRNA. It is suggested that fungal viruses may be a factor in the distribution and spread of C. ulmi.
Tree Information Planning System (TIPS)
Authors: Murgas Jeffrey
Published: August 2022

The Tree Information Planning System (TIPS) is a computer system that was developed to assist a landscape designer, urban forester or parks planner to find the optimum tree for a site. By relating site characteristics entered by the user to the site requirements of each tree on file, TIPS provides a list of suitable trees. TIPS also provides a brief description of the tree and a printout of the site characteristics required by the tree.
Toxin Production and Pathogenicity of Ceratocystis Ulmi
Authors: Pusey Lawrence , Wilson Charles
Published: August 2022

Highly pathogenic isolates of Ceratocystis ulmi produced more toxin (cerato-ulmin) than less pathogenic ones. Toxin production may be a useful criterion for distinguishing aggressiveness among C. ulmi strains.
Comparison of Bare-Root Versus Tree Spade Transplanting of Boulevard Trees
Authors: Vanstone D.E. , Ronald W.G.
Published: August 2022

Dormant trees of green ash, black ash, hackberry and Amur cherry were transplanted along residential streets either by means of a 110 cm tree spade or bare-rooted and small trees were transplanted bare-rooted only. First season's shoot growth and leaf size of spaded trees was four to ten times larger than on comparable sized bare-rooted trees and approximately twice as large as small bare-rooted trees. Growth during the second season of small bare-rooted trees was greater than that of larger trees regardless of transplant method. Amur cherry was the only species in this study which showed losses due to transplant shock during the first year. One large tree each of green ash and black ash transplanted bare-rooted was lost during the second year.
Tree Injection: Perspective Macro-Injection/Micro-Injection
Authors: Costonis Arthur
Published: August 2022

This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of injection technologies currently in use. It presents evidence to demonstrate that the risk of injury produced by micro-injections (wounds 3/1 6" or less in diameter to a depth of %" or less into the xylem) is much reduced when compared to the macro-injections (wounds 3/8" or greater in diameter to a depth of 1 " or more into the sylem). Emphasis is placed on the need for in the field training to develop correct injection technique. Evidence is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of current injection technology, pointing out modifications and improvements of the current injection technology.
Critical Effects of Fertility on Root and Shoot Growth of Selected Landscape Plants
Authors: Hamilton David , Graca M.E.C. , Verkade S.D.
Published: August 2022

In the transition from a production nursery to the landscape, the percentage survival of woody trees and shrubs is sometimes small due to limited root growth. It is important to nurserymen and arboriculturists that proper fertility programs be determined that will maintain a proper balance in growth between shoots and roots. Studies with Cotoneaster divaricata showed that root growth was not increased by N addition up to 500 mg/l of soil mix. High N levels actually had negative effects on root growth, whereas P slightly stimulated growth. Mycorrhizal inoculation of Liriodendron tulipifera did not promote root or shoot growth without application of fertilizer.
Evaluation of Native and Exotic Woody Plants Under Severe Environmental Stress
Authors: Dewers Robert
Published: August 2022

Revegetation and landscaping with trees and shrubs in low maintenance areas of limited rainfall are continuing challenges. A planting of 95 woody species in San Antonio, Texas resulted in survival of 22 natives and exotics after two growing seasons. No irrigation was used beyond initial establishment. There were no significant differences in survival rate between native and introduced species. Survivors are deemed worthy of use in land reclamation and in urban forestry projects requiring drought hardy trees and shrubs in the Southwest.