bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
André Green et le négatif à l’œuvre
Authors: Baldassarro Andrea , Cecotti-Stievenard Laura
Published: November 2017

Pour André Green, le négatif est le fondement du dispositif analytique et recouvre un domaine très étendu dans le développement de la pensée freudienne en évoluant de la névrose comme négatif de la perversion jusqu’à la réaction thérapeutique négative. Le fondement de la négativité en psychanalyse concerne les effets de l’absence, de la non présence, de la perte de l’objet et se base sur la capacité de la psyché humaine de répondre à cette absence à travers la représentation. Il faut donc considérer le négatif non seulement comme un élément destructeur mais aussi créateur.
Mourir en institution pour personnes âgées
Authors: Droz-Mendelzweig Marion , Cavaleri-Pendino Antonella
Published: November 2017

En Suisse, le nouveau droit de la protection de l’adulte donne une force contraignante aux directives anticipées. Il s’ensuit la nécessité de constituer des directives anticipées pour chaque nouveau résident en institution pour personnes âgées. Cet article présente une analyse des discours des infirmières exerçant dans les établissements du Canton de Vaud en Suisse romande sur la manière dont elles s’enquièrent des volontés des personnes en fin de vie. Nous montrons que l’intérêt de leur démarche réside dans la communication réalisée au fil de la prise en charge des résidents et des contacts établis avec leurs proches. Ce travail, à l’interface entre la sphère des soins et du social, possède la faculté de rassembler les acteurs concernés et, ce faisant, de re-socialiser la mort et le mourir. Les professionnelles remplissent un rôle pivot dans l’accueil de la mort, en rupture avec le traitement individuel et intrafamilial antérieur.
Cimetières de Sumatra, Varia
Authors: Kalus Ludvik , Guillot Claude
Published: November 2017

Avec cette douzième et dernière livraison, nous terminons cette longue série de l’épigraphie musulmane d’Aceh antérieure à l’an mil de l’hégire, soit plus de 150 stèles inscrites.
A la recherche des ateliers perdus. Peinture sous verre et production en série à Java
Authors: Samuel Jérôme
Published: November 2017

On connaît encore assez mal les conditions de production de la peinture sous verre javanaise, alors même qu’il s’agit d’un art si populaire (au sens premier du terme) entre la fin du XIXe siècle et les années 1960, que plusieurs millions de pièces ont probablement été produites. Cet article s’intéresse à la production de deux petits ateliers de la région de Yogyakarta (Java Centre) actifs au cours des années 1930. Il montre qu’il est possible de les identifier sur la base de critères thématiques, stylistiques et décoratifs et suggère que ce type d’approche pourrait être étendu à d’autres espaces javanais et d’autres centres de production.
Multi-Agents Machine Learning (MML) System for Plagiarism Detection
Authors: Bouarara Hadj Ahmed
Published: November 2017

Day after day the cases of plagiarism increase and become a crucial problem in the modern world caused by the quantity of textual information available in the web. Data mining becomes the foundation for many different domains as one of its chores is the text categorization, which can be used in order to resolve the impediment of automatic plagiarism detection. This article is devoted to a new approach for combating plagiarism named MML (Multi-agents Machine learning system) and is composed of three modules: data preparation and digitalization, using n-gram character or bag of words as methods for the text representation; TF*IDF as weighting to calculate the importance of each term in the corpus in order to transform each document to a vector; and learning and voting phase using three supervised learning algorithms (decision tree c4.5, naïve Bayes and support vector machine).
Strategic Fundamentals of Knowledge and Information Management for Social and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Agola Nathaniel O.
Published: November 2017

This article critically analyzes the 10 fundamental pillars requisite for positive progression and creation of a knowledge society for socio-economic development in African countries. These pillars or basic rules, fundamental variables, and structures are identified based on the conceptualization of the key principles of knowledge management. The author asserts the transition to a knowledge society requires making investments and managing knowledge competently at the diverse micro-and-macro organizational levels within countries and even regions. However, doing so requires concurrent adherence to the rules and structures of knowledge management which form the fundamental pillars. The first part presents an empirical econometric analysis of knowledge-productivity nexus as an exposition of knowledge as a factor of production and national productivity. The second part presents a logical argumentation of the 10 fundamental pillars, supported by African regional and individual country data. This research then concludes by pointing out the 10 fundamental pillars in their extant state are inadequate and dysfunctional in most of the African countries and, therefore, socio-economic development efforts and resource allocation need to focus on nurturing and strengthening these pillars for the goal of transitioning to a high productivity and wealth creating knowledge society.
The Role of Lecturers and University Administrators in Promoting New E-Learning Initiatives
Authors: Mncube Lancelord Siphamandla , Dube Luyanda , Ngulube Patrick
Published: November 2017

This article examines the role of lecturers in encouraging and supporting students likely to be predisposed to challenges related to incomprehension, incapacity and isolation embedded in the virtual learning environment. This article used a constructivist lens to gain through interviews an understanding into the intuition, thoughts, ideals, beliefs and inclination of lecturers about the nature and extent of their supportive role in the e-learning environment. The key findings revealed that the role of lecturers in promoting e-learning is varied. The discrepancy seems to be emanating from the lack of clear understanding of the meaning, the depth, the breadth and thrust of e-learning pedagogy at the University of South Africa (UNISA). The UNISA Strategy 2015-2030 introduced incremental changes in the form of Open Distance e-Learning (ODeL), which highlights the infusion of e-learning in the Open Distance Learning (ODL) context. Given its ODeL mandate, and the prescripts of the UNISA Strategy 2015-2030 and as part of the academic project the institution committed to introduce e-learning from 2015. Further, the institutional resolve to adopt a hybrid model that incorporates traditional and electronic teaching modes has caused uncertainty in the teaching space with some lecturers leaning towards e-learning whilst others lean towards traditional methods. The article recommends that UNISA needs to clarify its standpoint by adopting definitions, demarcations, strategies and tools that will enhance the understanding, adoption and usability of e-learning platforms and systems.
The Development of Blended-Learning Teaching Portfolio Course Using TBL Approach
Authors: Pardamean Bens , Prabowo Harjanto , Muljo Hery Harjono , Suparyanto Teddy , Masli Eryadi K. , Donovan Jerome
Published: November 2017

This article was written to develop a teaching portfolio that helps lecturers maximize the benefits of blended learning, a combination of in-person and online learning, through the use of Team-Based Learning (TBL) teaching and learning approach. Studies show that TBL can provide opportunities in developing teamwork capabilities and enhancing active learning, which are effects that could remedy the weaknesses of implementing blended learning. A blended teaching portfolio was developed for an International Human Resource Management course that consisted of a course overview, graduate competency, a syllabus, course material resources, a teaching scenario, a reading assurance test, midterm/final exams, student assignments, assessment of learning outcomes, and a course quality improvement sheet. Each item was constructed based on the characteristics of the course. The portfolio was considered a valuable tool for lecturers to manage a blended-learning course that can help students in achieving higher scores and in motivating them to read course materials prior to class sessions.
La calidad de la información periodística de elespectador.com. El caso del Plebiscito por la Paz, 2016 en Colombia
Authors: Acosta Raúl Alberto , Brunet Marcelo A. , Córdoba Juan Carlos
Published: November 2017

El artículo analiza las piezas periodísticas producidas y emitidas por el elespectador.com durante el proceso electoral del Plebiscito por La Paz 2016, en Colombia. Se examina cuáles fueron las fuentes de información que utilizaron los periodistas para elaborar las piezas informativas, cuáles fueron los géneros periodísticos utilizados y qué cantidad de fuentes se emplearon en cada nota informativa. Metodología. Análisis de carácter descriptivo que usa metodología mixta, es decir técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas, de ahí que veamos en el análisis de contenido una herramienta eficaz en el logro de los objetivos. Resultados. Se destaca la noticia y la columna de opinión como los géneros periodísticos narrativos predilectos; mientras que resulta baja la presencia de fuentes documentales que vigoricen la información. Conclusiones. La baja calidad periodística es evidente lo que redunda en una opinión pública mal informada, abonando y concibiendo un periodismo de declaraciones.
Tomographic reconstruction of atmospheric gravity wave parameters from airglow observations
Authors: Song Rui , Kaufmann Martin , Ungermann Jörn , Ern Manfred , Liu Guang , Riese Martin
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Gravity waves (GWs) play an important role in the dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Therefore, global observations of GWs in the MLT region are of particular interest. The small scales of GWs, however, pose a major problem for the observation of GWs from space. We propose a new observation strategy for GWs in the mesopause region by combining limb and sub-limb satellite-borne remote sensing measurements for improving the spatial resolution of temperatures that are retrieved from atmospheric soundings. In our study, we simulate satellite observations of the rotational structure of the O2 A-band nightglow. A key element of the new method is the ability of the instrument or the satellite to operate in so-called target mode, i.e. to point at a particular point in the atmosphere and collect radiances at different viewing angles. These multi-angle measurements of a selected region allow for tomographic 2-D reconstruction of the atmospheric state, in particular of GW structures. The feasibility of this tomographic retrieval approach is assessed using simulated measurements. It shows that one major advantage of this observation strategy is that GWs can be observed on a much smaller scale than conventional observations. We derive a GW sensitivity function, and it is shown that target mode observations are able to capture GWs with horizontal wavelengths as short as  ∼ 50 km for a large range of vertical wavelengths. This is far better than the horizontal wavelength limit of 100–200 km obtained from conventional limb sounding.
Multiannual observations and modelling of seasonal thermal profiles through supraglacial debris in the Central Himalaya
Authors: Rowan Ann V. , Nicholson Lindsey , Collier Emily , Quincey Duncan J. , Gibson Morgan J. , Wagnon Patrick , Rounce David R. , Thompson Sarah S. , King Owen , Watson C. Scott , Irvine-Fynn Tristram D. L. , Glasser Neil F.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Many glaciers in the Central Himalaya are covered with rock debris that modifies the transfer of heat from the atmosphere to the underlying ice. These debris-covered glaciers are experiencing rapid mass loss at rates that have accelerated during the last two decades. Quantifying recent and future glacier mass change requires understanding the relationship between debris thickness and ablation particularly through the summer monsoon season. We present air, near-surface and debris temperatures measured during three monsoon seasons at five sites on Khumbu Glacier in Nepal, and compare these results to similar measurements from two other debris-covered glaciers in this region. Seasonal debris temperature profiles are approximately linear and consistent between sites for thick (> 0.5 m) and thin (
Arctic Mission Benefit Analysis: Impact of Sea Ice Thickness, Freeboard, and Snow Depth Products on Sea Ice Forecast Performance
Authors: Kaminski Thomas , Kauker Frank , Toudal Pedersen Leif , Voßbeck Michael , Haak Helmuth , Niederdrenk Laura , Hendricks Stefan , Ricker Robert , Karcher Michael , Eicken Hajo , Gråbak Ola
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Assimilation of remote sensing products of sea ice thickness (SIT) into sea ice-ocean models has been shown to improve the quality of sea ice forecasts. Open questions are whether the assimilation of rawer products such as radar freeboard (RFB) can achieve yet a better performance and what performance gain can be achieved by the joint assimilation with a snow depth product. The Arctic Mission Benefit Analysis (ArcMBA) system was developed to address this type of question. Using the quantitative network design (QND) approach, the system can evaluate, in a mathematically rigorous fashion, the observational constraints imposed by individual and groups of data products. We present assessments of the observation impact (added value) in terms of the uncertainty reduction in a four-week forecast of sea ice volume (SIV) and snow volume (SNV) for three regions along the Northern Sea Route by a coupled model of the sea ice-ocean system. The assessments cover seven satellite products, three real products and four hypothetical products. The real products are monthly SIT, sea ice freeboard (SIFB), and RFB, all derived from CryoSat-2 by the Alfred Wegener Institute. These are complemented by two hypothetical monthly laser freeboard (LFB) products (one with low accuracy and one with high accuracy), as well as two hypothetical monthly snow depth products (again one with low accuracy and one with high accuracy). On the basis of the per-pixel uncertainty ranges that are provided with the CryoSat-2 SIT, SIFB, and RFB products, the SIT achieves a much better performance for SIV than the SIFB product, while the performance of RFB is more similar to that of SIT. For SNV, the performance of SIT is only low, the performance of SIFB higher and the performance of RFB yet higher. A hypothetical LFB product with low accuracy (20 cm uncertainty) lies in performance between SIFB and RFB for both SIV and SNV. A reduction in the uncertainty of the LFB product to 2 cm yields a significant increase in performance. Combining either of the SIT/freeboard products with a hypothetical snow depth product achieves a significant performance increase. The uncertainty in the snow product matters: A higher accuracy product achieves an extra performance gain. The provision of spatial and temporal uncertainty correlations with the EO products would be beneficial not only for QND assessments, but also for assimilation of the products.
Dispositivo, atração e os rubes da realidade virtual: uma abordagem teórica do Oculus Rift
Authors: Alvarenga Nilson Assuncao , Vieira Monteiro Ana Maria
Published: November 2017

A partir de uma apresentação do contexto de ressurgimento dos visores de realidade virtual, especificamente o headset Oculus Rift, o artigo busca refletir sobre a condição do dispositivo, como máquina de visão, ao se aproximar das reflexões de Phillipe Dubois (2004) e Jean-Louis Baudry (1970). Isso nos permite pensar o Oculus Rift em sua conexão com dispositivos sociais (práticas, discursos, modos de consumo) que determinam seus usos previstos. Finalmente, é possível pensar esses usos em analogia com uma modalidade específica, conceituada por Thomas Elsaesser (2006) como “cinema de atrações”, característica do Primeiro Cinema, a saber: os rube films.
18 Years of Decentralization Experiment in Indonesia: Institutional and Democratic Evaluation
Authors: Rudy Rudy , Hasyimzum Yusnani , Heryandi Heryandi , Khoiriah Siti
Published: November 2017

Big Bang decentralization in Indonesia had been begun since 1999 as the appeasement of many problems facing Indonesia after the fall of authoritarian rezim in 1998. This path had been suggested as all solution on local development by international donors such as World Bank and supported by many experts. Within the context, this paper evaluates the experiment of decentralization in Indonesia within the perspective of good governance and democracy. Using institutional design analysis coupled with empirical observation, this paper examines the problem within the legal institutional instrument and democratization in the local level.
Review of horizontal transport decision problems in the marine intermodal terminal
Authors: Jachimowski Roland
Published: November 2017

The article is a review of the transport problems that appear in a marine intermodal terminal. The importance of intermodal terminals has been increasing since the 1980s as a result of the development of containerized international trade. This increase in the handling of containers cause problems connected with securing adequate space for container storage or efficient usage of available terminal loading equipment such as cranes, AGVs, straddle carriers or terminal tractors with trailers. The equipment of a terminal depends mainly on the size of containers flow. The use of this equipment determine the terminal technology and work organization. That is why the classification of intermodal container terminals is presented in chapter 2. This classification was made according to different criteria. To understand transport problems, the identification of processes performed in the marine intermodal terminal is presented in chapter 3. For the purpose of research an example of an intermodal marine terminal with its individual functional areas is presented. Finally, the literature review on research conducted on the transport processes performed in the terminal are presented in chapter 4. These processes refer to quay side and land side horizontal transport operations. Additionally, the arrangement of containers at the storage yard was investigated.
Quantitation and Confirmation of Chloramphenicol, Florfenicol, and Nitrofuran Metabolites in Honey Using LC-MS/MS
Authors: Veach Brian T , Anglin Renea , Mudalige Thilak K , Barnes Paula J
Published: November 2017

This paper describes a rapid and robust method utilizing a single liquid–liquid extraction for the quantitation and confirmation of chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and nitrofuran metabolites in honey. This methodology combines two previous extraction methods into a single extraction procedure and utilizes matrix-matched calibration standards and stable isotopically labeled standards to improve quantitation. The combined extraction procedure reduces the average extraction time by >50% when compared with previously used procedures. The drug residues were determined using two separate LC-tandem MS conditions. Validation of all the analytes was performed, with average quantitation ranging from 92 to 105% for all analytes and the RSDs for all analytes being ≤12%.
Angle detectives
Authors: Sherman Lisa
Published: November 2017

NCTM's Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All outlines eight mathematics teaching practices for effective teaching and learning of mathematics (NCTM 2014, p. 10). The second practice, Implement tasks that promote reasoning and problem solving, involves effective teaching of mathematics that engages students in solving and discussing tasks that promote mathematical reasoning and problem solving and allow multiple entry points and varied solution strategies.
Head motion correction based on filtered backprojection for x‐ray CT imaging
Authors: Jang Seokhwan , Kim Seungeon , Kim Mina , Ra Jong Beom
Published: November 2017

Purpose

For head x‐ray CT imaging, the head needs to remain motionless during the scan. In clinical practice, however, head motion is sometimes unavoidable depending on the patient. The motion can occur abruptly during the scan and can be unpredictable. It thereby causes motion artifacts such as tissue blurring or doubled edges around the skull area. To mitigate this problem, we propose a 3D head motion estimation (ME) and compensation algorithm based on filtered backprojection.

Methods

If a patient moves his or her head during the scan, a motion‐corrupted sinogram is obtained. Modeling the head motion as a 3D rigid transformation, we develop a motion‐compensated (MC) reconstruction algorithm based on the FDK algorithm. To determine the head motion of a rigid transformation, we propose two optimization‐based ME schemes depending on the degree of head motion, both of which are performed by updating motion parameters and the corresponding MC reconstructed image alternatively until the proposed cost function is minimized for the MC reconstructed image. In particular, to improve the robustness in the case of large motion, we propose attaching a fiducial marker to the head so that more reliable motion parameters can be initialized by determining the marker position, before the optimization. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, a numerical phantom with realistic, continuous, and smoothly varying motion, and a moving physical phantom are used with a gantry rotation time of 1 s.

Results

In the simulation using a numerical phantom and in the experiment using a physical phantom, the proposed algorithm provides well‐restored 3D motion‐compensated images in both cases of small and large motion. In particular, in the case of large motion of the physical phantom, using a fiducial marker, we obtain remarkable improvement of image quality in cerebral arteries and a lesion as well as the skull. Quantitative evaluations using the image sharpness and root‐mean‐square error also show noticeable improvement of image quality in both simulations and experiments.

Conclusions

We propose a framework for head motion correction in an axial CT scan, which consists of motion estimation and compensation steps. Two image‐based ME algorithms for rigid motion tracking are developed according to the degree of head motion. The estimated motion information is then used for MC image reconstruction. Both motion estimation and compensation algorithms are based on computationally efficient filtered backprojection. Excellent performance of the proposed framework is illustrated by means of simulations using a numerical phantom and experiments using a physical phantom.
Modulation of Immune Signaling and Metabolism Highlights Host and Fungal Transcriptional Responses in Mouse Models of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Kale Shiv D. , Ayubi Tariq , Chung Dawoon , Tubau-Juni Nuria , Leber Andrew , Dang Ha X. , Karyala Saikumar , Hontecillas Raquel , Lawrence Christopher B. , Cramer Robert A. , Bassaganya-Riera Josep
Published: November 2017

Incidences of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, an infection caused predominantly by Aspergillus fumigatus, have increased due to the growing number of immunocompromised individuals. While A. fumigatus is reliant upon deficiencies in the host to facilitate invasive disease, the distinct mechanisms that govern the host-pathogen interaction remain enigmatic, particularly in the context of distinct immune modulating therapies. To gain insights into these mechanisms, RNA-Seq technology was utilized to sequence RNA derived from lungs of 2 clinically relevant, but immunologically distinct murine models of IPA on days 2 and 3 post inoculation when infection is established and active disease present. Our findings identify notable differences in host gene expression between the chemotherapeutic and steroid models at the interface of immunity and metabolism. RT-qPCR verified model specific and nonspecific expression of 23 immune-associated genes. Deep sequencing facilitated identification of highly expressed fungal genes. We utilized sequence similarity and gene expression to categorize the A. fumigatus putative in vivo secretome. RT-qPCR suggests model specific gene expression for nine putative fungal secreted proteins. Our analysis identifies contrasting responses by the host and fungus from day 2 to 3 between the two models. These differences may help tailor the identification, development, and deployment of host- and/or fungal-targeted therapeutics.
Electrochemical hydrogenation of a benzannulated pyridine to a dihydropyridine in acidic solution
Authors: Giesbrecht Patrick K. , Nemez Dion B. , Herbert David E.
Published: November 2017

Electrochemistry is used to demonstrate the selective hydrogenation of a benzannulated pyridine to a biomimetic dihydropyridine using sustainable Brønsted acids.
Synthesis and characterization of AgGaS2 nanoparticles: a study of growth and fluorescence
Authors: Paderick Sky , Kessler Matthew , Hurlburt Tyler J. , Hughes Steven M.
Published: November 2017

Silver gallium sulfide nanocrystals demonstrate tunability for trap-state emission (650 nm) or band gap fluorescence (460 nm).
Manipulating and quantifying spin states in solution as a function of pressure and temperature
Authors: Hogue Ross W. , Lepper Christopher P. , Jameson Geoffrey B. , Brooker Sally
Published: November 2017

This new ‘single compartment tube’ 1H NMR methodology for determining spin states under high pressures (up to 240 MPa) has implications for the study of magnetic, catalytic and biochemical processes.
Dynamics of transient speciesviaanion photodetachment
Authors: Continetti Robert E. , Guo Hua
Published: November 2017

Recent experimental and theoretical advances in transient reaction dynamics probed by photodetachment of polyatomic anions are reviewed.
The human female urogenital microbiome: complexity in normality
Authors: MacIntyre David A. , Sykes Lynne , Bennett Phillip R.
Published: November 2017

Microbial communities of the urogenital tract have long been recognised to play an important role in disease states. A revolution in methodological approaches is permitting the assessment of complex urogenital tract microbiota–host interactions and the metabolic and protein milieu of the mucosal interface. There is now great potential for significant advances in biomarker discovery and disease risk stratification, and for the elucidation of mechanisms underpinning the microbial community dynamics involved in urogenital tract pathology. Microbiota–host interactions in the female genital tract have a particular significance, because unlike in the male, there is direct communication between the external genitalia, the uterus and the peritoneal cavity. This review examines the microbial community composition at differing sites of the female urogenital tract and its relationship with health and disease. Key factors involved in the modulation of vaginal microbiome stability and structure, such as endocrine, immune and inflammatory pathways, are considered in the context of a woman's life cycle and disease pathogenesis.
Low dark leakage current in organic planar heterojunction photodiodes
Authors: Shekhar Himanshu , Solomeshch Olga , Liraz Dan , Tessler Nir
Published: November 2017

It is often suggested that the dark leakage current of organic photodiodes is due to extrinsic leakage paths that do not involve the electronic junction. By studying a series of devices, where the acceptor is kept constant (C70) and the donor material is varied, we find a direct correlation between the strength of the sub-gap signature of the charge-transfer states and the leakage current. Attributing the differences in the sub-gap absorption to the donor's sub-gap states suggests that the donor's side of the junction should be made longer, to push the Fermi level at V = 0 towards the acceptor's LUMO, and thus, an optimized value of 800 Pacm−2 at V = −1 V is reported.
A burn depth detection system based on near infrared spectroscopy and ensemble learning
Authors: Wang Pin , Cao Yao , Yin Meifang , Li Yongming , Wu Jun
Published: November 2017

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can effectively detect the changes in the burned tissue. However, due to the complex relationship between the spectral signals and the burn depth, simple methods of data analysis are difficult to solve this problem effectively. Therefore, in this paper, a machine learning method is introduced into the NIR spectral signal analysis, which is used to establish the relationship between NIR spectral signals and burn depth. First, based on the intensity of the spectral signal and the diffuse reflection theory, the optical properties that can reflect the change of burned tissue are extracted. And then the chained-agent genetic algorithm (CAGA) optimized support vector regression (SVR) is applied to establish a regression model between the optical property parameters and burn depth. Finally, the porcine model was used for verification. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CAGA-SVR integrated inversion model with optical properties can perform accurate inversion of burn depth and provide a reference for doctors.
Elasto-viscoplastic self consistent modeling of the ambient temperature plastic behavior of periclase deformed up to 5.4 GPa
Authors: Lin F. , Hilairet N. , Raterron P. , Addad A. , Immoor J. , Marquardt H. , Tomé C. N. , Miyagi L. , Merkel S.
Published: November 2017

Anisotropy has a crucial effect on the mechanical response of polycrystalline materials. Polycrystal anisotropy is a consequence of single crystal anisotropy and texture (crystallographic preferred orientation) development, which can result from plastic deformation by dislocation glide. The plastic behavior of polycrystals is different under varying hydrostatic pressure conditions, and understanding the effect of hydrostatic pressure on plasticity is of general interest. Moreover, in the case of geological materials, it is useful for understanding material behavior in the deep earth and for the interpretation of seismic data. Periclase is a good material to test because of its simple and stable crystal structure (B1), and it is of interest to geosciences, as (Mg,Fe)O is the second most abundant phase in Earth's lower mantle. In this study, a polycrystalline sintered sample of periclase is deformed at ∼5.4 GPa and ambient temperature, to a total strain of 37% at average strain rates of 2.26 × 10−5/s and 4.30 × 10−5/s. Lattice strains and textures in the polycrystalline sample are recorded using in-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and are modeled with Elasto-Viscoplastic Self Consistent (EVPSC) methods. Parameters such as critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for the various slip systems, strain hardening, initial grain shape, and the strength of the grain–neighborhood interaction are tested in order to optimize the simulation. At the beginning of deformation, a transient maximum occurs in lattice strains, then lattice strains relax to a “steady-state” value, which, we believe, corresponds to the true flow strength of periclase. The “steady state” CRSS of the 11011¯0 slip system is 1.2 GPa, while modeling the transient maximum requires a CRSS of 2.2 GPa. Interpretation of the overall experimental data via modeling indicates dominant 11011¯0 slip with initial strain softening, followed by strain hardening. This approach illustrates the utility of combining EVPSC and experimental data to understand deformation of materials at high pressures.
Bound states of the two-dimensional Dirac equation for an energy-dependent hyperbolic Scarf potential
Authors: Schulze-Halberg Axel , Roy Pinaki
Published: November 2017

We study the two-dimensional massless Dirac equation for a potential that is allowed to depend on the energy and on one of the spatial variables. After determining a modified orthogonality relation and norm for such systems, we present an application involving an energy-dependent version of the hyperbolic Scarf potential. We construct closed-form bound-state solutions of the associated Dirac equation.
Nanoscale measurement of Nernst effect in two-dimensional charge density wave material 1T-TaS2
Authors: Wu Stephen M. , Luican-Mayer Adina , Bhattacharya Anand
Published: November 2017

Advances in nanoscale material characterization on two-dimensional van der Waals layered materials primarily involve their optical and electronic properties. The thermal properties of these materials are harder to access due to the difficulty of thermal measurements at the nanoscale. In this work, we create a nanoscale magnetothermal device platform to access the basic out-of-plane magnetothermal transport properties of ultrathin van der Waals materials. Specifically, the Nernst effect in the charge density wave transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-TaS2 is examined on nano-thin flakes in a patterned device structure. It is revealed that near the commensurate charge density wave (CCDW) to nearly commensurate charge density wave (NCCDW) phase transition, the polarity of the Nernst effect changes. Since the Nernst effect is especially sensitive to changes in the Fermi surface, this suggests that large changes are occurring in the out-of-plane electronic structure of 1T-TaS2, which are otherwise unresolved in just in-plane electronic transport measurements. This may signal a coherent evolution of out-of-plane stacking in the CCDW → NCCDW transition.
A crystalline germanium flexible thin-film transistor
Authors: Higashi H. , Nakano M. , Kudo K. , Fujita Y. , Yamada S. , Kanashima T. , Tsunoda I. , Nakashima H. , Hamaya K.
Published: November 2017

We experimentally demonstrate a flexible thin-film transistor (TFT) with (111)-oriented crystalline germanium (Ge) layers grown by a gold-induced crystallization method. Accumulation-mode metal source/drain p-channel Ge TFTs are fabricated on a polyimide film at ≤400 °C. A field-effect mobility (μFE) of 10.7 cm2/Vs is obtained, meaning the highest μFE in the p-TFTs fabricated at ≤400 °C on flexible plastic substrates. This study will lead to high-performance flexible electronics based on an inorganic-semiconductor channel.
High-speed single-shot optical focusing through dynamic scattering media with full-phase wavefront shaping
Authors: Hemphill Ashton S. , Shen Yuecheng , Liu Yan , Wang Lihong V.
Published: November 2017

In biological applications, optical focusing is limited by the diffusion of light, which prevents focusing at depths greater than ∼1 mm in soft tissue. Wavefront shaping extends the depth by compensating for phase distortions induced by scattering and thus allows for focusing light through biological tissue beyond the optical diffusion limit by using constructive interference. However, due to physiological motion, light scattering in tissue is deterministic only within a brief speckle correlation time. In in vivo tissue, this speckle correlation time is on the order of milliseconds, and so the wavefront must be optimized within this brief period. The speed of digital wavefront shaping has typically been limited by the relatively long time required to measure and display the optimal phase pattern. This limitation stems from the low speeds of cameras, data transfer and processing, and spatial light modulators. While binary-phase modulation requiring only two images for the phase measurement has recently been reported, most techniques require at least three frames for the full-phase measurement. Here, we present a full-phase digital optical phase conjugation method based on off-axis holography for single-shot optical focusing through scattering media. By using off-axis holography in conjunction with graphics processing unit based processing, we take advantage of the single-shot full-phase measurement while using parallel computation to quickly reconstruct the phase map. With this system, we can focus light through scattering media with a system latency of approximately 9 ms, on the order of the in vivo speckle correlation time.
Simultaneous excitation of 85Rb and 87Rb isotopes inside a microfabricated vapor cell with double-RF fields for a chip-scale MZ magnetometer
Authors: Gan Qi , Shang Jintang , Ji Yu , Wu Lei
Published: November 2017

We report a novel method adopting two RF fields to simultaneously excite 85Rb and 87Rb isotopes for an MZ type atomic magnetometer. The MZ magnetometer adopts a 6 mm3 microfabricated vapor cell with natural abundance rubidium and 0.74 amagat nitrogen as buffer gas inside. The excessively broadened magnetic resonance signals of the two rubidium isotopes overlap with each other and cause deterioration in accuracy and sensitivity performance. To solve this problem, a Double-RF Field Method (DRFM) is proposed, which adopts two RF fields with a central frequency ratio of 2:3. Compared with traditional Single-RF Field Method (SRFM), the DRFM reduces the detection error by over 50% and improves the sensitivity by more than 10%. The experiments are conducted at three temperatures and under various static magnetic fields. Theoretical models are also built to discuss the performance improvement of the magnetometer by the DRFM against the SRFM. This method provides a way to improve the performance of chip-scale MZ atomic magnetometers with low cost natural abundance rubidium.
Note: A highly symmetrical piezoelectric motor with self-matching friction and large output force
Authors: Zhang J. , Meng W. , Wang J. , Ge W. , Hou Y. , Lu Q.
Published: November 2017

We present a new stacked TunaDrive motor with two intact piezoelectric stacks being spring-clamped by a pair of parallel highly polished zirconia ceramic rods. Compared with the earlier version we presented with five stacks, it has a simpler and more compact structure and is much easier to build. Although the usage of piezoelectric material is cut by ∼35%, the motor can still provide a large output force of ∼1.92 N, which is nearly the same as that of the earlier version. The simple and symmetrical structure, high rigidity, and large output force make the new motor an ideal tool for coarse approach with nanometer precision.
Metabolic reprogramming of human CD8+ memory T cells through loss of SIRT1
Authors: Jeng Mark Y. , Hull Philip A. , Fei Mingjian , Kwon Hye-Sook , Tsou Chia-Lin , Kasler Herb , Ng Che-Ping , Gordon David E. , Johnson Jeffrey , Krogan Nevan , Verdin Eric , Ott Melanie
Published: November 2017

The expansion of CD8+CD28– T cells, a population of terminally differentiated memory T cells, is one of the most consistent immunological changes in humans during aging. CD8+CD28– T cells are highly cytotoxic, and their frequency is linked to many age-related diseases. As they do not accumulate in mice, many of the molecular mechanisms regulating their fate and function remain unclear. In this paper, we find that human CD8+CD28– T cells, under resting conditions, have an enhanced capacity to use glycolysis, a function linked to decreased expression of the NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1. Global gene expression profiling identified the transcription factor FoxO1 as a SIRT1 target involved in transcriptional reprogramming of CD8+CD28– T cells. FoxO1 is proteasomally degraded in SIRT1-deficient CD8+CD28– T cells, and inhibiting its activity in resting CD8+CD28+ T cells enhanced glycolytic capacity and granzyme B production as in CD8+CD28– T cells. These data identify the evolutionarily conserved SIRT1–FoxO1 axis as a regulator of resting CD8+ memory T cell metabolism and activity in humans.
Important but largely unanswered questions about accountability in contracted public human services
Authors: Ott J. Steven , Dieke Lisa A.
Published: November 2017

Contracting-out for human services has become preferred public policy at all levels of government. This service delivery policy choice has important implications for accountability and for the ability of contracting nonprofit organizations to be flexible and innovative. Although the use of contracting has expanded dramatically in the human services since the 1970s, many important public management policy questions remain unasked and unanswered. This article raises and discusses nine largely unanswered questions that are central to the reasons why government continues to expand its dependence on contracted human services. These questions address key elements of a larger policy-of-public-management question: “Is it possible to achieve accountability and flexibility when government contracts-out for the provision of publicly funded human services?” By addressing these nine questions, we seek to determine what is known and not known about the key accountability issues in contracted public human services. We also attempt to highlight the importance of these questions and issues for public management policy, inter-sectorial organization theory, the practice of nonprofit and public organization management, and thus for research and theory development.
Exposure to online hate material and subjective well-being
Authors: Keipi Teo , Räsänen Pekka , Oksanen Atte , Hawdon James , Näsi Matti
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB) and exposure to online hate material using samples of Finnish and American youth and young adults. The authors aim to identify socio-demographic determinants of SWB and the social ties prevalent both online and offline that may be relevant to the discussion of how hate material associates with well-being.

Design/methodology/approach

The data are derived from online survey responses from both Finnish (n=555) and American (n=1,014) young people aged 15-30. The authors control for the possible effects of social trust, offline friendships, online victimisation and economic status, which have been found to associate with SWB in earlier studies.

Findings

The findings show a clear association that highlights the uniformity in how negatively intended material online affects young people, despite the inclusion of a cross-national comparison. The study confirms previous work concerning happiness and life satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

The survey used was not designed solely to address issues of SWB and as such a more targeted set of questions may have resulted in more in-depth data. Also, structural determinants of SWB, social spheres, and tie strength were analysed through proxy measures.

Practical implications

The findings concerning new variables linked to well-being and victimization in the cross-national context provide a new point of reference in terms of online hate being associated with happiness.

Originality/value

The authors consider a number of descriptive characteristics, determining the relationship between these variables and participants’ happiness. Through this cross-national data set, new comparisons were made possible between internet users of both countries. The study combines many earlier findings with new variables and theoretical frameworks to add new perspectives to the understanding of how well-being is affected online among young people.
Pathological integration, or, how East Europeans use racism to become British
Authors: Fox Jon E. , Mogilnicka Magda
Published: November 2017

East Europeans are integrating into life in the UK. This entails learning to get along with their new neighbours, but it also involves not getting along with certain neighbours. Integration is not confined to benevolent forms of everyday cosmopolitanism, multiculturalism and conviviality; it can also include more pathological forms, like racism. Whilst integration is generally seen as desirable, the learning that it entails necessarily includes less desirable practices and norms. The aim of this article is to show how East Europeans in the UK have been acquiring specifically British competencies of racism. This doesn't mean all East Europeans are racist or they always use racism; it does mean, however, that racism is a part of the integration equation. We focus on the racist and racializing practices of Poles, Hungarians and Romanians in Bristol in the UK. These East Europeans are using racism to insert themselves more favourably into Britain's racialized status hierarchies. This is a kind of integration.
Immunoglobulin free light chains in saliva: a potential marker for disease activity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kaplan B , Golderman S , Ganelin-Cohen E , Miniovitch A , Korf E , Ben-Zvi I , Livneh A , Flechter S
Published: November 2017

A new procedure was developed and applied to study immunoglobulin free light chains (FLC) in saliva of healthy subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The procedure was based on a Western blot analysis for detection and semiquantitative evaluation of monomeric and dimeric FLCs. The FLC indices accounting for the total FLC levels and for the monomer/dimer ratios of κ and λ FLC were calculated, and the cut-off values of the FLC indices were determined to distinguish healthy state from MS disease. The obtained FLC index values were statistically different in the saliva of three groups: active MS patients, MS patients in remission and healthy subjects groups. Our FLC monomer–dimer analysis allowed differentiation between healthy state and active MS with specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 88·5%. The developed technique may serve as a new non-invasive complementary tool to evaluate the disease state by differentiating active MS from remission with sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 80%.
Factors associated with adoption of coping strategies among Chinese patients with heart failure in ethnic minority regions
Authors: Rong Xiaoshan , Peng Youqing , Yu Haiping , Li Dan
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectives

To examine the coping strategies in patients with heart failure (HF) in the ethnic minority regions of China and to explore the factors affecting the adoption of coping strategies.

Background

Effective coping with illness is an important element that influences the adaptation and increases the patient quality of life. Although different factors have been proposed to be determinants of coping strategy, findings are inconclusive, especially when it comes to the cultural background.

Design

A cross‐sectional study was performed.

Methods

A total of 360 HF patients in four districts of Xinjiang were enrolled. All participants completed the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, the Minnesota Living with HF Questionnaire and self‐management Questionnaire.

Results

Heart failure patients had lower scores in confrontation and higher scores in avoidance and acceptance resignation than patients in the Chinese norm. The multiple regression analysis revealed several factors that indicate confrontation coping including symptom management, employment status and psychological and social management, whereas religion (R2), disease duration, employment status and payment system (P2) were identified as indicators of avoidance coping. In addition, ethnicity (E1), disease duration and employment status were indicators of acceptance resignation coping.

Conclusions

Our findings from this study suggest that HF patients in the ethnic minority regions may use less confrontation coping and more avoidance and acceptance resignation coping than patients in the Chinese norm. Moreover, the cultural background, duration of disease, quality of life and self‐management play important roles in the selection of HF coping strategy.

Relevance to clinical practice

The disparities of racial/ethnic exist in coping strategy. Healthcare providers are required to better understand the role of religion in the coping process and how it contributes to the selection of coping strategies.