bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absolute phase retrieval based on fringe amplitude encoding without any additional auxiliary pattern
Authors: Wang Jian , Cao Yiping , Wu Haitao , Wei Zhimi
Published: November 2023

An absolute phase retrieval method based on fringe amplitude encoding is proposed. Different from the conventional intensity coding methods which are based on time division multiplexing with multiple additional auxiliary patterns, the proposed fringe order encoding strategy is codeword overlapping interaction based on space division multiplexing. It just directly encodes different fringe amplitudes for different periods in corresponding sinusoidal phase-shifting patterns to generate space division multiplexing composite sinusoidal phase-shifting patterns and quantifies the fringe amplitudes into four levels as encoding strategy, so it can retrieve absolute phase without any additional auxiliary patterns. To improve the anti-interference capability of the proposed method, a codeword extraction method based on image morphological processing is proposed to segment the grayscale. Consequently, both the phase-shifting sinusoidal deformed patterns and the single frame space division multiplexing four gray-level codewords for fringe order recognition can be extracted respectively from the captured composite deformed patterns. Then, a half-period single-connected domain correction method is also proposed to correct the codewords. Moreover, in order to suppress the effect of jump errors, the phase zero points are constructed to segment the positive and negative ranges of the phase, making the phase unwrapping process segmented. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectivity of the proposed method.
C-band operational 1×2 all-optical switch utilizing polymer technology
Authors: Alam Md Koushik , Afsary Noor , Islam Md Zahidul , Rasel MD Omar Faruk
Published: November 2023

The advent of all-optical switches marks a significant milestone in optical communication and signal processing. Unlike traditional switches that rely on optic–electronic conversions, all-optical switches operate purely on optical signals, offering unparalleled speed and efficiency. These switches leverage various optical phenomena, such as interference and nonlinear effects, to control the light flow without needing electronic intermediary steps. This research presents a novel approach to all-optical switching through designing, simulating, and validating a polymer-based 1×2 all-optical switch. This advancement demonstrates the potential for advancing optical circuitry by utilizing organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials. Incorporating a nonlinear directional coupler (DC) enables phase shifting, providing precise control over switching states. The optimized design, which includes a 5 μm core width to confirm single-mode behavior in both input and output sections, was validated using the beam propagation method (BPM). The results highlight an impressive switching capability, with a 5π/6 phase difference between the MZI and DC. The device exhibits minimal excess loss and crosstalk within the C-Band wavelength range (1.53 µm to 1.565 µm). These findings significantly contribute to advancing optical circuitry and communication networks by emphasizing the potential for high-performance optical switching.
Determinants of participation in glaucoma genomic research in South East Nigeria: A cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Uche Nkechinyere J. , Okoye Onochie , Kizor-Akaraiwe Nkiru , Chuka-Okosa Chimdi , Uche Enoch O.
Published: November 2023

Background

Genomic research advances the understanding of human health and disease. It also drives both the discovery of salient genetic association(s) as well as targeted screening, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Human subject participation is crucial for the success of genomic research.

Methods

This is a cross sectional analytical study conducted at two tertiary centers in Enugu Southeast Nigeria. Semi structured questionnaires were administered to eligible consenting participants. Data on their demographics, willingness to participate in genomic research and motivation for participation were obtained. Data was analyzed using Stata version 17 and summarized using median, frequencies and interquartile range(IQR). Associations between covariates were evaluated with Chi square test and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Among 228 glaucoma subjects who participated in our study,119(52.2%) were female and 109(47.8%) were male. The median age was 64 years(IQR = 50–76). Although 219 (96.0%) participants expressed willingness to participate in a glaucoma genetic study, only 27(11.9%) of them will be willing to participate if there will not be feedback of results to participants (χ2 = 18.59, P<0.001). No participant expressed willingness to submit ocular tissue samples. Majority (96.2%) of subjects will not participate if the intended research required submission of body samples after death. Desire to know more about glaucoma (63%) was the most common reason for participation. In a multivariable logistic model, subjects between 61–90 years (p = 0.004, OR = 7.2) were 7 times more likely to express willingness to participate in glaucoma genetic research after adjusting for other covariates when compared to subjects aged 41–60 years. Other covariates did not influence participants’ willingness.

Conclusion

Glaucoma subjects are more likely to be willing to participate in genetic research, if they would receive feedback of results. Willingness to participate in genetic research is significantly associated with age.

Limitations

We did not evaluate the salient options for feedback of results to participants in our study.
Seismic performance and bearing capacity calculation of cross shaped concrete columns with built-in T-shaped steel and steel tubes
Authors: Zhao Lidong , Yu Yong , Tang Congrong , Zhong Licai , Qiu Qirong
Published: November 2023

Incorporating T-shaped steel and square steel tubes into a cross shaped concrete column can significantly improve the seismic performance of the cross shaped column. However, the experimental samples are limited, so ABAQUS finite element (FE) analysis method was adopted in this paper to study the seismic performance of this cross shaped column, calculate and verify three specimens in the existing reference. Based on the reliable model, parameter analysis was carried out (25 specimens in total). The results show that the established model has a high degree of coincidence in the hysteretic curve, skeleton curve and failure mode, and the error of ultimate bearing capacity and ductility is within 10%. The configuration of T-shaped steel and square steel tubes inside the cross column can meet the ductility requirements specified in the standard under high axial compression ratio. The ultimate bearing capacity of the cross shaped column increases with the increase of the thickness of the square steel tube, but the ductility deteriorates. The increase in steel tube size increases the strength of the concrete in the core area, and the seismic performance of the cross shaped column was improved. Increasing the thickness of the T-shaped steel flange can better improve the seismic performance of the cross shaped column compared to increasing the thickness of the T-shaped steel web plate. Increasing the height of the specimen will significantly reduce its seismic performance. When the shear span ratio is not greater than 4.1, the ductility can meet the standard requirements. The error of the formula for calculating the compression-bending bearing capacity proposed based on existing calculation methods is less than 5%.
Deep learning framework for epidemiological forecasting: A study on COVID-19 cases and deaths in the Amazon state of Pará, Brazil
Authors: Souza Gilberto Nerino de , Mendes Alícia Graziella Balbino , Costa Joaquim dos Santos , Oliveira Mikeias dos Santos , Lima Paulo Victor Cunha , de Moraes Vitor Nunes , Silva David Costa Correia , Rocha Jonas Elias Castro da , Botelho Marcel do Nascimento , Araujo Fabricio Almeida , Fernandes Rafael da Silva , Souza Daniel Leal , Braga Marcus de Barros
Published: November 2023

Modeling time series has been a particularly challenging aspect due to the need for constant adjustments in a rapidly changing environment, data uncertainty, dependencies between variables, volatile fluctuations, and the need to identify ideal hyperparameters. The present study presents a Framework capable of making projections from time series related to cases and deaths by COVID-19 in the Amazonian state of Pará, in Brazil. For the first time, deep learning models such as TCN, TRANSFORMER, TFT, N-BEATS, and N-HiTS were assessed for this purpose. The ARIMA statistical model was also used in post-processing for residual adjustment and short-term smoothing of the generated forecasts. The Framework generates probabilistic forecasts, with multivariate support, considering the following variables: daily cases per day of the first symptom, cases published daily, the occurrence of deaths, deaths published daily, and percentage of daily vaccination. The generated predictions are statistically evaluated by determining the best model for 7-day moving average projections using evaluating metrics such as MSE, RMSE, MAPE, sMAPE, r2, Coefficient of Variation, and residual analysis. As a result, the generated projections showed an average error of 5.4% for Cases Publication, 8.0% for Cases Symptoms, 11.12% for Deaths Publication, and 4.6% for Deaths Occurrence, with the N-HiTS and N-BEATS models obtaining better results. In general terms, the use of deep learning models to predict cases and deaths from COVID-19 has proven to be a valuable practice for analyzing the spread of the virus, which allows health managers to better understand and respond to this kind of pandemic outbreak.
The “healthy = sustainable” heuristic: Do meal or individual characteristics affect the association between perceived sustainability and healthiness of meals?
Authors: Sproesser Gudrun , Arens-Azevedo Ulrike , Renner Britta
Published: November 2023

Research has found an association between the perceived sustainability and healthiness of foods and meals between individual consumers. The current study aimed to investigate whether the association between perceived sustainability and healthiness on the individual level is rooted in reality. Moreover, we investigated whether meal or individual characteristics affect this association. In total, 5021 customers of a public canteen rated the sustainability and healthiness of 29 meal options. For determining the actual environmental sustainability and healthiness scores, exact recipes of each meal were analyzed using the NAHGAST algorithm. Results showed a substantial association between perceived sustainability and healthiness at the individual level. However, this perceived relation was unrelated to the overlap between the actual environmental sustainability and healthiness scores of the meals. Moreover, this “healthier = more sustainable” perception was unrelated to other meal characteristics (e.g., vegan content) or individual characteristics (i.e., gender, eating style). However, this association was slightly higher in older than in younger participants. The present study shows in a real-world setting that food consumers seem to evaluate the sustainability and healthiness of meals based on a simple “healthy = sustainable” heuristic which is largely independent of the actual overlap of these dimensions. Future research is needed to shed more light on the nature, sources, and consequences of this heuristic.
Adoption and adaptation in Iñupiat fashion: Past and present
Authors: Reitan Janne Beate
Published: November 2023

This article presents and discusses the development of Iñupiat (North Alaskan Inuit) fashion of atikłuk (‘inner garment’) and atigi (‘outerwear’) over time, with a focus on adoption and adaptation, linked to the concept of cultural authentication. It is based on the author’s fieldwork in the winter of 1997 and the summer of 1998, which included participant observations and interviews with seamstresses from the Iñupiat villages of Kaktovik and Utqiaġvik at the North Slope of Alaska, literature reviews, observations from museums and archival photos. The second part of this article involves a case study that focuses on a young Iñupiat trans woman and her mother in 2022. Together they designed a new fabric (instead of leather) for an atikłuk. The case show how she adopts the contemporary Iñupiat garment and adapts it to her own style.
Microscopic and molecular diagnoses of Giardia duodenalis in pet animals in Babylon Province, Iraq
Authors: Idan Shurook R. , Al-Hasnawy Mohammad H.
Published: November 2023

Background and Aim: The breeding of pet animals, especially dogs and cats, in Iraq has increased recently. However, no epidemiological or molecular data exist regarding Giardia duodenalis infection in pet animals, particularly in Babylon Province. Therefore, this study aimed to detect G. duodenalis and its genotypes in pets using microscopic and molecular techniques.

Materials and Methods: For microscopic examination, 150 pet fecal samples (dogs = 75, cats = 75) were examined from October 1, 2022, to March 30, 2023. Fourteen isolates of G. duodenalis (7 per host) were genetically characterized using SSUrDNA gene sequencing.

Results: Microscopic examination revealed that the rates of G. duodenalis infection was 14.67% (11/75) and 12% (9/75) in dogs and cats, respectively. According to sex, the infection rate in dogs was 22.22% (8/36) for males and 7.69% (3/39) for females. Conversely, the infection rate in cats was 5.56% (2/36) for males and 17.95% (7/39) for females. The highest infection rates were recorded for animals under 6 months of age, with 16.67% (3/18) for dogs and 27.27% (3/11) for cats. In rural areas, the infection rate was higher than that in urban areas, with 17.65% (6/34) in dogs and 13.89% (5/36) in cats. For the molecular diagnosis, 14 isolates of G. duodenalis (7 per host) were genetically characterized using SSUrDNA gene sequencing. In dogs, the findings revealed specific genotypes, with D at 3/7 (42.86%) and C at 2/7 (28.57%). In addition, zoonotic genotype A was found in 2/7 (28.57%) of dogs. In cats, the specific assemblage F was present in 4/7 (57.14%), while zoonotic genotype A was found in 3/7 (42.86%).

Conclusion: This study is considered the first in Babylon Province to detect G. duodenalis genotypes in pet animals (dogs and cats), as some have zoonotic genotypes that could transmit infections to humans. The results of this study illustrate the epidemiological importance of this parasite in this region.

Keywords: cat, dog, Giardia duodenalis, microscopic, molecular diagnosis.
Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma With Prior Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms Are Similar to Those Without Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chandar Apoorva Krishna , Keerthy Komal , Gupta Rajesh , Grady William M. , Canto Marcia Irene , Shaheen Nicholas J. , Thota Prashanthi N. , Iyer Prasad G. , Wang Jean S. , Falk Gary W. , Abrams Julian A. , Dumot John , Faulx Ashley , Markowitz Sanford D. , Willis Joseph , Moinova Helen , Guda Kishore , Brock Wendy , Chak Amitabh
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION:

A substantial proportion of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) do not report gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. This study aimed to compare the risk factor profiles and cancer stage at presentation of patients with EAC with and without prior GERD.

METHODS:

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, patients with EAC were divided into 2 cohorts: (i) EAC with prior GERD: patients who reported typical GERD symptoms (heartburn or regurgitation) ≥1 year before cancer diagnosis and (ii) EAC without prior GERD: patients who did not report prior GERD symptoms or reported symptoms within 1 year of their cancer diagnosis. Baseline demographics, risk factors, and cancer stage at presentation were compared between the 2 cohorts. In addition, the distribution of patients based on numbers of BE/EAC–associated risk factors (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 or more) was examined in the symptomatic and asymptomatic cohorts.

RESULTS:

Over 13 years, 388 patients with EAC with prior GERD and 245 patients with EAC without prior GERD were recruited. Both groups had similar baseline demographics and risk factors, but patients with EAC with prior GERD were more likely to have a history of BE. Asymptomatic patients had more advanced disease. Patients with 3 or more BE/EAC–related risk factors formed the largest proportion of patients in both the symptomatic and asymptomatic cohorts.

DISCUSSION:

Patients with EAC with and without prior GERD symptoms are phenotypically similar, suggesting that BE screening efforts to prevent or detect early EAC should not be restricted to just those with GERD.
An ecological perspective on the flow of compassion among Iranian learners of English as a foreign language
Authors: Wang Gang , Soleimanzadeh Soheila , Elahi Shirvan Majid
Published: November 2023

As a social-interactional positive behavior, the flow of compassion (i.e., self-compassion, compassion for others, and compassion from others), which refers to sensitivity to suffering in self and others with a commitment to try to alleviate and prevent it, has yet to be investigated in a highly social-interactional context such as foreign language learning classrooms. Thus, the present study adopted an ecological perspective within Bronfenbrenner’s (1979, 1993) analytic nested ecosystems model to explore how the flow of compassion is rooted in such a context. Sixteen Iranian English as a foreign language learners took part in the current study, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Employing the framework of the nested ecosystems model, we identified both influential individual and environmental factors underlying the flow of compassion among the participants. The flow of compassion proved to be influenced differently at different ecosystemic levels by individual and environmental factors. At the individual level, negative and positive emotions, fears, non-judgmental attitudes, intimacy, well-being, improvement, motivation, and action were found as influential factors in emerging the flow of compassion. At the contextual level, the identified influential factors included past experiences outside of the classroom, extracurricular activities, institution policy and criteria, cultural and social values, as well as the use of technology and the internet. Limitations and implications of the present study are also discussed.
Does Bitcoin Affect Term Deposits? Evidence from MINT Countries
Authors: Baş Tuğba , Özaydın Orhan , Dura Yahya Can
Published: November 2023

This article examines the relationship between Bitcoin volume and term deposit investments in Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (MINT) from 2016 to 2021. We run cointegration and error-correction econometric models for each country, analyzing both the long-term and short-term interactions between Bitcoin volume and time deposits. Our findings indicate a negative association between Bitcoin volume and term deposits in all the MINT countries, except Mexico. This suggests that individual investors in economically and financially unstable nations are increasingly turning to Bitcoin as an alternative investment option. The observed effects, while currently modest, highlight the potential threats posed by decentralized cryptocurrencies to the monetary systems of emerging economies, impacting the stability of the banking industry and overall economic growth.
Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties and wettability of polylactic acid by fused filament fabrication process
Authors: Nagam Vinoth Babu , Narayanan Venkateshwaran
Published: November 2023

Fiber-reinforced composites have changed additive manufacturing into a sustainable manufacturing paradigm with the capacity to produce items with outstanding mechanical performance. The fused filament fabrication (FFF) process is the latest in advanced digital fabrication techniques used for fabricating polymer material using additive layer deposition. In this study, the results of mechanical and vibration tests were used to examine the impact of process variables such as layer thickness (0.08 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.64 mm), infill density (20 %, 40 %, 60 %, and 80 %), and infill pattern (rectilinear, triangular, and hexagonal). The novelty of this work is to correlate the contact angle measurement with the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed specimens. The adhesion behaviour of the 3D printed parts is examined by measuring the contact angle from the wettability test. From the findings, it was observed that the infill density and layer pattern play a significant role in the interlayer adhesion, as evident from the contact angle measurement.
Die Zeitschrift Info DaF im Zeitraum 1980–1989: Eine spielerische Spurensuche
Authors: Schewe Manfred
Published: November 2023

Vor dem Hintergrund seiner mit Info DaF eng verknüpften Berufsbiografie sucht der Autor in den Beiträgen der 1980er Jahre nach Spuren von „Spiel“. Das zunehmende Interesse an „Spiel im Unterricht“, etwa an Lern- und Rollenspielen, erklärt sich durch den Einfluss der kommunikativen Didaktik, in der die Übernahme von (Sprecher- und Sprecherinnen-)Rollen zentral wird. Videos avancieren zu einem beliebten Medium und die Aufmerksamkeit richtet sich auf die – auch für Spielprozesse besonders relevante – Fertigkeit Hör-Sehverstehen. Gegen Ende der 1980er Jahre entsteht ein besonderes Interesse an der Kunstform Theater, die Dramapädagogik beginnt im Fach DaF eine wichtige Rolle zu spielen.
DaF in Deutschland in den 1990er Jahren und Info DaF. Ein subjektiver Spaziergang über ein breites Feld mit kurzem Verweilen am Beet der Zweitsprachenerwerbsforschung
Authors: Riemer Claudia
Published: November 2023

Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Entwicklungen des Fachs DaF in den 1990er Jahren vor allem aus deutscher Perspektive, wie sie sich in Info DaF bemerkbar machten. Anhand eines Themas der Zweitsprachenerwerbsforschung wird aufgezeigt, wie damals aufkommende Themen bis heute Diskussionen auslösen und Forschungsbedarf implizieren.
Info DaF im ersten Jahrzehnt des einundzwanzigsten Jahrhunderts. Überlegungen zum Reformprozess der Fremdsprachenlehrendenausbildung
Authors: Feld-Knapp Ilona
Published: November 2023

Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich zum Ziel, zum Ersten einen Überblick über diejenigen Themen der Hefte der Zeitschrift Informationen Deutsch als Fremdsprache (Info DaF) aus dem ersten Jahrzehnt des einundzwanzigsten Jahrhunderts zu geben, die für die Praxis und für die Forschung im DaF-Bereich als besonders relevant und interessant erachtet werden. Zweitens werden die Fremdsprachenlehrendenausbildung und ihre notwendige inhaltliche Neugestaltung als wichtige Schwerpunkte in den Beiträgen von Info DaF und in den Fachdiskussionen außerhalb von Info DaF in diesem Jahrzehnt ins Visier genommen.
Ultra-thin, zoom capable, flexible metalenses with high focusing efficiency and large numerical aperture
Authors: Shi Yilin , Dai Hao , Tang Renjie , Chen Zequn , Si Yalan , Ma Hui , Wei Maoliang , Luo Ye , Li Xingyi , Zhao Qing , Ye Yuting , Jian Jialing , Sun Chunlei , Bao Kangjian , Ma Yaoguang , Lin Hongtao , Li Lan
Published: November 2023

The ever-growing demand for miniaturized optical systems presents a significant challenge in revolutionizing their core element – the varifocal lens. Recent advancements in ultra-thin, tunable metasurface optics have introduced new approaches to achieving zoom imaging. However, current varifocal metalens have faced challenges such as low focusing efficiency, limited tunability, and complicated designs. Here, we employ the high-contrast transmit arrays (HCTA) structures to design and fabricate a polarization-independent, single-layer flexible metalens that operates at a wavelength of 940 nm. Using a uniform stretching system, we characterized its optical performance to achieve over 60 % focusing efficiency within a 0 %–25 % stretch range, while the focal length changes align with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, our research also successfully demonstrated the capacity of a metalens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.5 to efficiently adjust imaging magnification within a 2× range, achieving imaging results that approach the diffraction limit. This research offers promising prospects for the practical use of compact and miniaturized optoelectronic devices in fields like photography, mixed reality, microscopy, and biomedical imaging.
Application of fractional-order nonlinear equations in coordinated control of multi-agent systems
Authors: Jia Xiaojian , Cui Yan , Patro Rojalini , Venkatachalam Selvakumar , Kanday Rajeev , Turayevich Jumaniyazov Inomjon
Published: November 2023

In order to solve the coordinated operation of voltage and frequency of microgrids and achieve effective distribution of output power, we propose the application of fractional-order nonlinear equations in coordination. This method designs a distributed impulse coordinated control strategy, to achieve the coordinated operation of the system. The distributed coordinated control structure and mathematical model are established, and the distributed two-level coordinated control strategy of the microgrid system is adopted. Aiming at the secondary control problem of microgrids, a distributed coordinated control protocol is designed. The results showed that after adding the distributed second-level coordination control of frequency at 3 s, the output active power of the four distributed power sources in the microgrid model is maintained to an evenly divided state after about 1 s. The output voltage and frequency utilizing the microgrid’s decentralized power supply quickly reach the ideal reference value, within the allowable error range, the output of the system can achieve coordinated control, and the active power can be distributed proportionally.
A transformative poultry feed system: The impact of insects as an alternative and transformative poultry-based diet in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kolobe Sekobane D. , Manyelo Tlou G. , Sebola Nthabiseng A. , Malematja Emmanuel , Monnye Mabelebele
Published: November 2023

There is growing interest in the transformation of costly, unsustainable feed systems to help address malnutrition and food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In the poultry production industry, dietary insect meals were identified as a possible solution to aid in transforming poultry feeds by replacing expensive and environmentally threatening protein feed ingredients including soyabean and fish meal. Hence, playing an important role in helping to feed the ever-growing human population size through the production of more poultry meat and meat products. The potential of edible insects as highly nutritious, cost-effective, and biofriendly alternative protein feed ingredient in poultry diets is currently one of the most trending topics in animal nutrition worldwide. This review will provide a recent overview of the utilisation of insect-based diets by poultry-producing farmers in SSA, to improve poultry production at low costs with little effect on climate change. Therefore, the perspectives of various farmers towards using insect-based diets in poultry production; recent findings on the effect of insect-based diets on poultry production and performance; benefits of insect-based poultry meat; adoption and awareness of insect farming; and opportunities and constrains of rearing insects for animal feeding in SSA were discussed. Hence, there is still a need to improve insect farming infrastructure, educating and training insect and poultry-producing farmers on insect rearing and marketing, enforcing laws and policies on insect farming operation, investing and conducting more research on local insects in poultry diets, as well as conserving wild insects and the environment in general.
Verlustrücktrag bei der Gewerbesteuer? Eine Mikrosimulation der Aufkommenseffekte
Authors: Koch Reinald , Langenmayr Dominika , Schön Lena
Published: November 2023

Wie viele andere Länder auch hat Deutschland als Reaktion auf die von der COVID-19-Pandemie ausgelöste Wirtschaftskrise die steuerliche Verlustverrechnung verbessert. Jedoch blieb die Gewerbesteuer, die rund die Hälfte der Steuerbelastung auf Unternehmensgewinne ausmacht, von dieser Maßnahme ausgenommen. In diesem Beitrag analysieren Reinald Koch, Dominika Langenmayr und Lena Schön mithilfe einer dynamischen Mikrosimulation die potenziellen Auswirkungen eines Verlustrücktrags bei der Gewerbesteuer auf das Steueraufkommen. Wie sich erweist, kann sich die Einführung eines Verlustrücktrags mittelfristig größtenteils selbst finanzieren; kurzfristig kommt es allerdings zu Aufkommenseinbußen von durchschnittlich 7 Prozent. Es zeigt sich eine große Heterogenität zwischen Gemeinden, wobei strukturschwache Gemeinden oder Gemeinden mit niedrigem Gewerbesteueraufkommen besonders viel Aufkommen verlieren. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen den Reformbedarf der Gewerbesteuer.
Zur Kenntnis der Grundrechte:
Authors: Rothmann Robert , Lachmayer Konrad
Published: November 2023

Der folgende Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer explorativen Studie zur Rechtskenntnis der österreichischen Bevölkerung im Bereich der Grundrechte vor. Dabei wird sowohl der Stand der Forschung aufgearbeitet als auch auf historische Besonderheiten der lokalen Rechtskultur eingegangen. Die empirische Analyse legt den Schluss nahe, dass das Wissen über derartige Rechtsansprüche – trotz ihrer fundamentalen Bedeutung – bemerkenswert gering ist. Die Studie zeigt zudem eine Reihe an methodisch-formalistischen Schwierigkeiten, die den rechtssoziologischen Wesensgehalt dieses Forschungsbereichs spezifisch zu kennzeichnen scheinen. Darüber hinaus werden weitere Maßnahmen zur Behebung des festgestellten Defizits skizziert. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Plädoyer für die gesellschaftspolitische Bedeutung und Notwendigkeit verfassungsrechtlicher Kenntnisse in einem demokratisch-liberalen Rechtsstaat.
Time Course of Recovery From Different Velocity Loss Thresholds and Set Configurations During Full-Squat Training
Authors: Cornejo-Daza Pedro Jesús , Villalba-Fernández Antonio , González-Badillo Juan José , Pareja-Blanco Fernando
Published: November 2023

Cornejo-Daza, PJ, Villalba-Fernández, A, González-Badillo, JJ, and Pareja-Blanco, F. Time course of recovery from different velocity loss thresholds and set configurations during full-squat training. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 221–227, 2024—The aims of the research were to examine the effects of (a) velocity loss (VL) thresholds and (b) set configuration, traditional or cluster, on time-course recovery. A randomized cross-over research design was conducted, in which 15 resistance-trained men performed 4 protocols consisting of 3 sets of 70% 1RM in full squat (SQ), differing in the VL incurred during the set assessed with a linear velocity transducer: (a) 20% (70-20), (b) 30% (70-30), (c) 40% (70-40), and in the set configuration (d) 20% of VL using a cluster methodology (70-CLU). Movement velocity against the load that elicited a 1 m·s−1 velocity at baseline measurements (V1-load) in SQ, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and sprint time in 20 m (T20) were assessed at baseline (Pre) and postintervention (Post, 6 hour-Post, 24 hour-Post, and 48 hour-Post). The 70-20 protocol resulted in fewer total repetitions than the other protocols (p = 0.001), whereas 70-CLU, 70-30, and 70-40 completed similar total repetitions. The 70-30 protocol significantly worsened T20 at 6 hours-Post, CMJ at 48 hours-Post, and V1-load at 6 hours-Post (p < 0.05). The 70-40 protocol significantly impaired T20 at 6 hours-Post, and CMJ and V1-load at 24 hours-Post (p < 0.05). No significant performance reductions were observed for 70-20 and 70-CLU at 6 hours-Post, 24 hours-Post, and 48 hours-Post. Protocols with higher VL resulted in more pronounced fatigue and a slower rate of recovery. Cluster sets (70-CLU) resulted in higher volume than protocols with a similar level of fatigue (70-20) and a quicker recovery than protocols with a similar volume (70-30 and 70-40).
Front Matter
Authors: Editorial Team
Published: November 2023

The Journal of Block and Intensive Learning and Teaching (JBILT) is a peer-reviewed publication which is currently accepting applications for new reviewers. The Journal is a scholarly and practitioner journal that publishes quality work in the field of block and intensive mode delivery to enhance teaching, advance scholarship, and promote experiential learning. All submissions are subject to a double-blind peer review process. The Journal is an online journal and accessible on the International Block and Intensive Learning and Teaching Association (IBILTA) Web page.The Journal of Block and Intensive Learning and Teaching is published twice a year.
Embedding Universal Design into Intensive Learning Experiences
Authors: Merry Kevin
Published: November 2023

This paper reports on the findings of a study investigating a new intensive instructional design approach called the “Cheese Sandwich”. The Cheese Sandwich was used to create the “Effective Learning and Teaching” (EL&T) course at a post 1992 British University. EL&T is an intensive 3-day course for staff new to HE teaching, aligning with the institutional commitment to Universal Design for Learning (UDL). The aim of the study was to uncover the extent to which participants in EL&T encountered an intensive learning experience reflecting the UDL principles. A second aim was to assess the importance of those UDL principles in effectively supporting participant learning. Participants were 30 university staff enrolled in EL&T. The extent to which participants encountered an intensive learning experience reflecting UDL principles, and the extent to which they perceived those principles as effectively supporting their learning was assessed via the UDL perception survey. The survey consists of two main dimensions; 1) the extent to which respondents experienced learning and teaching practices reflective of UDL on their course and; 2) the extent to which respondents perceive those practices to be effective in supporting their learning. Each dimension consists of 36 items adapted from the UDL “checkpoints”. Responses to each dimension are made on a five-point Likert scale (1 – 5). Of the 36 items in Dimension 2, 29 received a mean score ≥3.5, meaning they were considered “very” or “extremely” effective for learning. For each of the 29 items considered “very” or “extremely” effective, participant perception was that they occurred “often” or “always” in EL&T. The Cheese Sandwich appears to be an effective intensive instructional design tool, enabling the embedding of UDL into intensive learning experiences, with demonstrable perceived benefits for learning.
Student Preference and Perceptions of Asynchronous Online Activities for First Year Allied Health Physiology Blended Block Units
Authors: Gauci Sally , Edwards Robert , Rajaraman Gayathri , Salcedo Angela , Kastis Kostas , Klein Rudi , Sinnayah Puspha
Published: November 2023

Foundational knowledge in Anatomy and Physiology is integral to all health courses, however, first year students often find the volume and complexity of the concepts challenging (Vitali et al., 2020). Furthermore, our typical demographic student profile comes from a low socioeconomic status with a limited Science background. To help students with their study, health science education literature supports the importance of self-directed study including the use of technology-enhanced learning in blended approaches to learning (Gagnon et al., 2013; Geng et al., 2019). In 2018, Victoria University (VU) launched the VU Block model (where students study only one unit at a time for 4 weeks, for all first year units, (McCluskey et al., 2019). Our design included a blended approach, combining pre and post class technology-enhanced online learning activities and resources supported by face-to-face workshops involving small team based guided inquiry learning with no lectures. Within a block, blended learning environment, little is known about which online learning activities and resources students prefer and engage with. We utilised surveys, student grades and learning analytics to investigate student outcomes including preference for and participation in learning activities. Studentspreferred and engaged the most with the asynchronous online formative quizzes and H5P learning interactives. Both the number of H5P’s and quizzes utilised by students were significant (p=.001, p=.001) in predicting final grade (F(2,1245) = 102.19, R2 =.141, p=<.001). Student satisfaction data via the institutional unit evaluation survey was high for our traditional 12- week blended design and reduced for the intensive block mode setting. We suggest that providing students with a variety of asynchronous online learning activities and resources supported the blended design for block.
Staff Experiences in the Victoria University’s First Year College during the Transition to Block Mode Teaching
Authors: Oraison Humberto , Konjarski Loretta , Young Janet , Howe Samuel , Smallridge Andrew
Published: November 2023

In 2018, Victoria University created a new First Year College and moved from a ‘traditional’ university structure (i.e. 12-week semesters, with students studying four units/subjects concurrently) to an intensive ‘block’ model, where students study one unit at a time for one month. One hundred academic staff (76% full time and 24% part-time) were asked to complete a staff experiences questionnaire (15 items including demographic, close-ended and open-ended questions). Mixed methods analyses revealed high levels of staff satisfaction mixed with concerns about workload and staff pressures. Variations between 2018 and 2019 staff responses indicated that despite improved overall satisfaction, staff were concerned about awards and recognition, involvement in management decisions that affected them and support to conduct their role. As such this paper extends the literature that examines academic models and tertiary staff satisfaction feedback and experiences.
“A Great, Never-Ending Sky”
Authors: Shahmehri Demetrius
Published: November 2023

Final Fantasy VII has been hailed almost since its release as a canonic game and remains one for which many players are deeply, sometimes obsessively, nostalgic. Attempts to explain and analyze Final Fantasy VII’s impact, however, have been ironically limited by its very canonicity. This essay examines how Nobuo Uematsu’s soundtrack for Final Fantasy VII produces nostalgia even on first playthrough. Using musical and narrative analysis, this paper argues that properties intrinsic to the game prime the player to be nostalgic for it, to desire more of it than there is or could be. In readings of “Tifa’s Theme,” “Aerith’s Theme,” and the extensive flashback sequence in Kalm, the paper argues that music in Final Fantasy VII makes memories within the story viscerally experienced places, suggesting that the past as depicted in the story is an accessible, visitable place. The game’s musical divulging of interior, past depths are thus analogous to its more obvious achievements in graphically representing 3D space. This approach to memory only intensifies the ultimate estrangement of player from the game, above all at moments where the game promises to divulge its depths to the player more than ever before. Almost 25 years after the game’s initial release, Final Fantasy VII Remake redeploys music from the original game to produce similar effects in new ways, pointing to both the possibilities and limitations inherent when the past is really revisited.
Staklokeramika, 70 godina od otkrića
Authors: Kurajica Stanislav
Published: November 2023

Ove će se godine navršiti 70 godina od otkrića staklokeramike. Tim povodom u ovom je članku dan sveobuhvatan opis ovog materijala i njegovog napretka od otkrića do danas. Objašnjeno je što je staklokeramika te ukazano na rast interesa i komercijalni uspjeh ovog materijala. Opisan je proces priprave staklokeramike, a posebna pozornost posvećena je ulozi nukleatora te procesu nukleacije i rasta. Navedeni su čimbenici koji presudno utječu na svojstva staklokeramike poput kristalne faze, njenog udjela, sastava preostale staklene faze i mikrostrukture. Zahvaljujući utjecaju navedenih čimbenika moguće je pripraviti različite vrste staklokeramike, s različitim kristalnim fazama i morfologijama te posljedično različitim svojstvima, prikladne za različite namjene. Predstavljeni su najvažniji sustavi i vrste staklokeramike, opisana su i objašnjena njihova svojstva i navedene namjene, a spomenuti su i nazivi najvažnijih robnih marki komercijalne staklokeramike. U zaključku je dano viđenje perspektive ovog materijala te vrste staklokeramike i područja primjene u kojima je napredak najizvjesniji.
Procjena afiniteta vezanja DNA ksantenskih spojeva
Authors: Veljović Elma , Osmanović Amar , Salihović Mirsada , Ljubijankić Nevzeta , Begić Sabina , Špirtović-Halilović Selma
Published: November 2023

Xanthene derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. In our previous investigations, we found the good antiproliferative activity of two xanthene derivatives, with minimal toxicity investigated by in vitro tests. In this study, we tested the interaction of compound 1 (powerful potent antiproliferative compound) with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) under physiological conditions by spectrophotometric titration. The probable prediction of binding and the type of interaction forces involved in the arrangement between xanthen derivatives and CT-DNA were explored also through molecular docking studies.

The results indicated that compound 1 interacts with CT-DNA by grove binding. The binding constant was found to be 2.5 x 104 M-1 and indicates the non-covalent binding of compound 1 to CT-DNA. Docking study results proposed possible binding modes, with binding energies of -9.39 and -8.65 kcal/mol for compounds 1 and 2, respectively, which supported previously obtained in vitro results for antiproliferative activity.

In addition to experimental investigation, density functional theory (DFT) calculation with B3LYP/6-31G*, B3LYP/6-31G**, and B3LYP/6-31+G* levels of theories was performed on compounds 1 and 2 to obtain optimized geometry, spectroscopic and electronic properties.

These studies could help in understanding the mechanisms of toxicity, resistance, side effects of xanthene derivatives, and their binding action mechanism to DNA.
Collation of Anticancer Activities for Benzo/Hydroxypyrone Ligands and Copper(II) Complex with Maltol on 2D Cell Models In Vitro
Authors: Filipović Nikolina , Marković Berislav , Mišković Špoljarić Katarina
Published: November 2023

Heterocyclic structures are the basic building blocks of many naturally occurring organic compounds that are important for the development of essential biological processes in plants and animals, including carbohydrates and vitamins. They are also widely used as raw material sources to produce pharmaceuticals. In this study, three ligands from the groups of benzopyrones (chromone-2-carboxylic acid) and hydroxypyrones (maltol and coumalic acid), and a newly prepared complex of copper(II) nitrate with maltol as a ligand were investigated for their ability to inhibit cell proliferation. For research purposes, a series of solutions of the tested materials were prepared at different final concentrations (10–5 mol dm–3, 10–6 mol dm–3, and 10–7 mol dm–3), and then applied to a total of 7 selected cell lines, including one healthy cell line, while the others were tumour cell lines. The results of MTT cytotoxicity assay on the selected 2D cell models showed that none of the selected ligands exhibited antiproliferative activity at any concentration on any of the tested cell lines. The complex of copper(II) nitrate and maltol, in contrast to the tested ligands at the 10–5 mol dm–3 concentration, exhibited significant cytotoxicity as follows: KATO III > HT-29 > Hep G2 > NCI-H358 > MDA-MB-231 > Caco-2 > MRC-5. The healthy cell line (MRC-5) had a survival rate higher than 90.0 % at all tested concentrations, which led to the conclusion of the selectivity of the compound towards tumour cell lines.
The effect of vermiculite on flame retardancy, physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites
Authors: Diler Harun , Durmaz Sefa , Acar Mehmer , Aras Uğur , Erdil Yusuf Ziya
Published: November 2023

The effect of expanded vermiculite (e-VMT) was evaluated relative to the physical, mechanical, and flame retardancy performance of flat-pressed wood plastic composites (WPCs). Various contents of e-VMT (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15%) were added instead of wood flour (WF) to the matrix. Due to the hydrophilic nature of the WF, water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) of WPCs increased as compared to neat polymer-based panels. Meanwhile, e-VMT incorporation limited the WA and TS values. As expected, the lowest WA and TS values were obtained from the highest e-VMT-reinforced WPCs. The addition of e-VMT was also found to enhance the mechanical properties of WPCs. As the e-VMT content increased and the WF content decreased, there was an improvement in flexural strength, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and tensile strength. Compared to the neat polymer panels, the MOE of WPCs increased by up to 77%. Additionally, the flame retardancy performance of WPCs improved with e-VMT reinforcement, with limiting oxygen index (LOI) values increasing up to 24%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images also demonstrated the favorable integration of e-VMT with matrix, thereby improving the mechanical properties. The inconsistency between WF and polymer was also well-observed, highlighting the tendency of WF to interact easily with water.
Rice waste feedstocks: A review of alternatives for their conversion into high-value added products
Authors: Sanoja-López Kelvin A. , Loor-Molina Nikolt S. , Luque Rafael
Published: November 2023

The increase in global population, expected daunting energy demands, and scarcity of resources has driven the search for new sustainable sources of materials, energy, and chemicals. In this context, biomass valorization has emerged as a promising technology to obtain high-value products in recent years. This research focuses on the valorization of rice production waste including straw, husk, and bran, due to their abundance, underutilization, and potential in generating a wide range of valuable products such as biofuels and materials. A systematic review was conducted regarding the valorization of rice production waste. The characteristics of biomass obtained from post-harvest rice production were explored, as well as the primary products derived from each of the discussed biomass feedstocks. Furthermore, the economic viability of the obtained products in their respective fields of application was evaluated, providing a solid foundation for future research and industrial applications. Different rice waste materials studied hold significant potential to obtain high‑value products including silica, adsorbent materials, biofuels, and various bioactive compounds.