bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topological Origin of the Super‐Flexible Phase of Se and Se‐Rich Glasses and Aging‐Induced 5‐fold Narrowing of Glass Transition Width
Authors: Chbeir Ralph , Welton Aaron , Boolchand Punit
Published: October 2021

Pure Se glass and ternary AxBySe1−x−y glasses where A = Ge and B = P or As, in the low mean coordination number, ⟨r⟩, range of 2.00 < ⟨r⟩ < 2.12 display a 3‐ to 5‐fold reduction in the width of the glass transition when aged at room temperature over 4–8 months. Group IV (Ge) and group V (P, As) additives serve to crosslink the base Se glass polymeric chains, Sen, with n > 250 atoms and to reduce the length “n” between cross‐link points as x and y are increased. Herein, it is shown that in such weakly crosslinked glasses, the continued narrowing of the glass transition width Tg by a factor of 3–5, as in pure Se, stems from the fact that polymeric Sen chain segments between the crosslink points continue to have a length n of at least eight atoms or more. Such polymeric Sen chains are super‐flexible and reconstruct with each, as in pure Se, promoting structural ordering responsible for Tg narrowing. When n < 8, super flexibility is steadily lost. Along with the flexible, intermediate, and stressed‐rigid phases, a new super‐flexible phase of Se and Se‐rich glasses is obtained.
Optical and Magnetic Properties of Cubic Double Perovskites Ba2RSbO6(R= Dy, Gd) Coordinated to Lattice Dynamical and Crystal‐Field Computations
Authors: Jana Yatramohan M. , Nandi Saikat , Biswas Aksar A. , Gupta Hem C. , Upadhyay Rajnikant , Upadhyay Chandan , Samanta Debabrata
Published: October 2021

Herein, optical (e.g., UV–Vis reflectance spectra, infrared and Raman spectroscopy) and magnetization properties of the double‐perovskite compounds Ba2DySbO6(BDS) and Ba2GdSbO6(BGS) are reported. Optical bandgap is determined to be 4.524 eV for BDS and 4.465 eV for BGS using Kubelka–Munk function fit to the UV–Vis spectra. The lattice dynamical calculations on the force‐field model are undertaken for assigning the observed infrared and Raman modes. The dc susceptibility does not exhibit magnetic ordering down to 2 K for the two compounds. The dc magnetization atT = 2 K does not saturate for BDS even at a magnetic field of 11 T, but saturates at 5 T to a value of 7μB/Gd3+for BGS. A frequency‐dependent cusp in the ac susceptibility appears at 3.3 K, that is unlikely generic spin‐glass‐like freezing, and may be attributed to the short‐range correlations among Dy3+‐moments in BDS. Crystal‐field (CF) computations are performed to analyze the magnetic data for BDS. The obtained CF level scheme of Dy3+ions demonstrates the observed susceptibility and isothermal magnetization curves very well. The field‐dependence of the two lowest CF levels along different principal axes does not exhibit any level crossing, consistent with the lack of ordering in Ba2DySbO6.
Quercetin and its derivates as antiviral potentials: A comprehensive review
Authors: Di Petrillo Amalia , Orrù Germano , Fais Antonella , Fantini Massimo C.
Published: October 2021

Quercetin, widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, is a flavonoid known for its antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory properties. Several studies highlight the potential use of quercetin as an antiviral, due to its ability to inhibit the initial stages of virus infection, to be able to interact with proteases important for viral replication, and to reduce inflammation caused by infection. Quercetin could also be useful in combination with other drugs to potentially enhance the effects or synergistically interact with them, in order to reduce their side effects and related toxicity. Since there is no comprehensive compilation about antiviral activities of quercetin and derivates, the aim of this review is providing a summary of their antiviral activities on a set of human viral infections along with mechanisms of action. Thus, the following family of viruses are examined: Flaviviridae, Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Coronaviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Retroviridae, Picornaviridae, Pneumoviridae, and Filoviridae.
Effects of curcumin on menstrual pattern, premenstrual syndrome, and dysmenorrhea: A triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bahrami Afsane , Zarban Asghar , Rezapour Hadis , Agha Amini Fashami Akram , Ferns Gordon A.
Published: October 2021

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and primary dysmenorrhea are common complaints among young women. This study evaluated the effects of curcumin supplements on symptoms of pain in young women with PMS and dysmenorrhea. A randomized, triple‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was undertaken. Women who suffered from both PMS and dysmenorrhea were enrolled, and were randomly allocated to the curcumin (n = 62), or placebo (n = 62) groups. Each subject received one capsule (500 mg of curcuminoid, or placebo) daily, from 7 days pre‐ until 3 days post‐menstruation for three successive menstrual cycles. Participants recorded the severity of PMS, or dysmenorrhea using a Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool (PSST) and the visual analog scale, respectively. Baseline characteristics of participants did not differ between the curcumin and placebo groups. At the end of the trial, the PSST scores were significantly lower in both the curcumin (32.5 ± 9.8 vs. 21.6 ± 9.8); and placebo groups (31.7 ± 9.4 vs. 23.4 ± 12.8). There was a significant reduction of dysmenorrhea pain in both the curcumin and placebo groups (by 64% and 53.3%, respectively). Hence, curcumin had comparable effects as placebo, regarding the amelioration of symptoms of PMS and dysmenorrhea. Further studies are required with larger samples, using higher doses curcumin for longer durations, and perhaps in combination therapy.
Dipole transition‐matrix elements and oscillator strengths for the C4+doubly excited states with Coulomb and screened Coulomb (Debye–Hückel) potentials
Authors: Wang Yang , Wei Baisi , Kar Sabyasachi , Ho Yew Kam
Published: October 2021

The dipole transition‐matrix elements (DTMEs) and oscillator strengths (OSs) for the doubly excited states (DESs) in heliumlike carbon are investigated using the correlated exponential wavefunctions (CEW). The interactions between the charged particles are taken care of by using both Coulomb and screened Coulomb (Debye–Hückel) potentials. The singly excited 1s3p1P state and doubly excited 2p2 1Destate are also calculated using CEW. The singly excited states of C4+in terms of Debye length (DL) are calculated using the Ritz variational principle. The DESs for different DLs are determined using the stabilization method. The DTMEs and OSs for the transitions between the 2p2 1Destate and the 1s2p1P, 1s3p1P, 2s2p+1Po, 2s3p−1Po, 2s3p+1Po, 2p3d1Postates, along with the 2p2 1Deresonance parameters are reported for various DLs. The benchmark data for DTMEs and OSs for the DESs in the C4+ion in pure Coulomb and screened Coulomb environments, obtained by employing highly CEW functions and utilizing the stabilization method, are reported for the first time.
The declining trend in trade credit ratios: The impact of firm‐specific and macro factors
Authors: D’Mello Ranjan , Gruskin Mark , Toscano Francesca
Published: October 2021

Despite the importance of trade credit as a source of financing, there is a significant and persistent decline in this form of short‐term borrowing and lending over the 1979 to 2018 interval. The median firm's accounts receivable decreased by 52% while accounts payable ratio fell by 47%. The decline is systematic, as it is present in most industries and sub‐samples of firms classified on different characteristics. Further, firms’ trade credit ratios are significantly less than predicted ratios based on firm‐specific characteristics and industry factors, and this deficiency, which is pervasive, becomes more negative over time. However, changes in macroeconomic factors such as financial shocks, interest rates, changes in monetary policy and corporate tax rates, credit available in the economy, and the transition from manufacturing to technology‐oriented economy, explain the deficiency as well as the time pattern.
Robust mixed performance of uncertain switched systems with interval time‐varying delay by synchronous switching on signal and sampled‐data input
Authors: Lien Chang‐Hua , Chang Hao‐Chin , Yu Ker‐Wei , Li Hung‐Chi , Hou Yi‐You
Published: October 2021

The real time switching signal design and control input are developed to guarantee the passivity and performance of switched systems with interval time‐varying delay and linear fractional perturbations. For the difficulty in real time switching, a synchronous switching on signal and sampled‐data control based on sampling instant is proposed to achieve the mixed performance (passivity/H2) of system under consideration. On the other hand, the sampled‐data controls under arbitrary switching are also considered for the capture anytime and at sampling instant of switching signal, respectively. The proposed LMI conditions can be implemented numerically by Matlab toolbox. Full matrix formulation approach is used to present the main results and improve the conservativeness of the published results. New inequality and Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional are developed to achieve better proposed results in this article. Finally, some numerical examples are illustrated to show the use of our main results.
Sparse control for continuous‐time systems
Authors: Nagahara Masaaki
Published: October 2021

In this survey article, we give a comprehensive review of sparse control for continuous‐time systems, called maximum hands‐off control. The maximum hands‐off control is theoptimal control, for which we introduce fundamental properties such as necessary conditions, existence, and equivalence to theoptimal control. We also show an efficient numerical computation algorithm for the maximum hands‐off control based on the time discretization and ADMM (alternating direction method of multipliers). A numerical example is shown with an available MATLAB program.
Point source pollution influences water quality of Patagonian streams more than land cover
Authors: Williams‐Subiza Emilio A. , Assef Yanina A. , Brand Cecilia
Published: October 2021

Understanding how anthropogenic activities affect water quality is crucial for water resource management and protection. We explored the relationship between land cover variables, point sources of pollution, and water quality in north‐western Patagonian streams during the summer of 2019. We measured eight water quality parameters at 103 sampling sites, and used a self‐organizing map to cluster, analyse, and visualize our data. We also used boosted regression trees to model the relationship between land cover, position with respect to the nearest point source of pollution, and each water quality parameter. We found that water quality was generally good, with just 15 sites showing signs of severe anthropogenic degradation. Boosted regression trees revealed that the spatial variation in water quality was mainly driven by the presence of point sources of pollution, whereas land cover variables generally had a modest effect. The overall good condition of the streams in the study area indicates that in contrast with more impacted regions of the world, water quality management in Patagonia should focus on water quality preservation, not water quality restoration.
Core–Shell Structured C@SiO2 Hollow Spheres Decorated with Nickel Nanoparticles as Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Tao , Qu Yinhu , Liu Jiahao , Zhang Liuyang , Cheng Bei , Yu Jiaguo
Published: October 2021

Silicon oxide is regarded as a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries owing to high theoretical capacity, abundant reserve, and environmental friendliness. Large volumetric variations during the discharging/charging and intrinsically poor electrical conductivity, however, severely hinder its application. Herein, a core–shell structured composite is constructed by hollow carbon spheres and SiO2 nanosheets decorated with nickel nanoparticles (Ni‐SiO2/C HS). Hollow carbon spheres, as mesoporous cores, not only significantly facilitate the electron transfer but also prominently enhance the mechanical robustness of anode materials, which separately improves the rate performance and the cyclic durability. Besides, ultrathin SiO2 nanosheets, as hierarchical shells, provide abundant electrochemical active surface for capacity increment. Moreover, nickel nanoparticles boost the transport capacity of electrons in SiO2 nanosheets. Such a unique architecture of Ni‐SiO2/C HS guarantees an enhanced discharge capacity (712 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and prolonged cyclic durability (352 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 500 cycles). The present work offers a possibility for silica‐based anode materials in the application of next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries.
Atomistic Mechanics of Torn Back Folded Edges of Triangular Voids in Monolayer WS2
Authors: Ryu Gyeong Hee , Jung Gang Seob , Park Hyoju , Chang Ren‐Jie , Warner Jamie H.
Published: October 2021

Triangular nanovoids in 2D materials transition metal dichalcogenides have vertex points that cause stress concentration and lead to sharp crack propagation and failure. Here, the atomistic mechanics of back folding around triangular nanovoids in monolayer WS2 sheets is examined. Combining atomic‐resolution images from annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy with reactive molecular modelling, it is revealed that the folding edge formation has statistical preferences under geometric conditions based on the orientation mismatch. It is further investigated how loading directions and strong interlayer friction, interplay with WS2 lattice's crack preference, govern the deformation and fracture pattern around folding edges. These results provide fundamental insights into the combination of fracture and folding in flexible monolayer crystals and the resultant Moiré lattices.
Molybdenum Carbide‐PtCu Nanoalloy Heterostructures on MOF‐Derived Carbon toward Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Chengtian , Liu Qian , Wang Pengyan , Zhu Jiawei , Chen Ding , Yang Yue , Zhao Yufeng , Pu Zonghua , Mu Shichun
Published: October 2021

In this study, PtCu‐Mo2C heterostructure with charge redistribution is investigated via first‐principles theoretical calculations. Mo2C can promote the formation of the electron‐rich region of PtCu as an active site, displaying an optimized adsorption behavior toward hydrogen in terms of reduced thermodynamic energy barriers. Owing to the attractive density functional theory calculation results, the PtCu‐Mo2C heterostructure is fabricated via carbonization of the unique metal–organic framework (MOF) followed by the replacement reduction reaction for the first time. Owing to its swift kinetics and outstanding specific activity, it exhibits high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity (26 mV @ 10 mA cm−2) and superior mass activity (1 A mgPt−1 at −0.04 V) in acidic media, which is approximately six times that of commercial Pt/C catalysts. The perception of the intrinsic activity origin of the alloy with an excellent structural support can guide the development of Pt‐based and other alloy catalysts in future.
Pt Edge‐Doped MoS2: Activating the Active Sites for Maximized Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Performance
Authors: Pei Liyuan , Qiao Haohui , Chen Bin , Zhu Xiaodong , Davis Ruth Anaya , Zhu Keyu , Xia Lei , Dong Pei , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng
Published: October 2021

The demand of clean energy calls for efficient and low‐cost hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysts. Fabricating hybrid catalysts from noble/non‐noble catalysts is a practical route to reducing the consumption of noble metals and enhancing catalytic efficiency. Here, 2H‐MoS2 is etched and edge‐doped with Pt nanoparticles using focused ion beam and photoreduction techniques. Precise comparison of as‐prepared samples demonstrates that the enhancement of catalytic performance can be controlled through tuning the catalyst defect length. On this basis, remarkably high performance is obtained by designing a specific defect array that is superior to commercial Pt/C with less Pt loading and higher mass activity. It has been proved by experimentation and COMSOL Multiphysics simulations that the promotion of catalytic activity not only benefits from the synergistic effect of Pt and edge active sites, but also contributes to the increased potential at the edges of the designed defect. This study sheds light on the mechanism of understanding nanoscale edge‐doped hybrid catalysts and provides a feasible strategy for the full utilization of noble metals.
A Ratiometric Fluorescent Conjugated Oligomer for Amyloid β Recognition, Aggregation Inhibition, and Detoxification
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Yuan Qiong , Li Meiqi , Bao Benkai , Tang Yanli
Published: October 2021

The sensitive recognition and effective inhibition of toxic amyloid β protein (Aβ) aggregates play a critical role in early diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, a new conjugated oligo(fluorene‐co‐phenylene) (OFP) modified with 1,8‐naphthalimide (NA) derivative OFP‐NA‐NO2 is designed and synthesized as a ratiometric fluorescence probe for sensing Aβ, inhibiting the assembly of Aβ, and detoxicating the cytotoxicity of Aβ aggregates. In the presence of Aβ, the active ester group on the side chain of OFP‐NA‐NO2 can covalently react with the amino group on Aβ, effectively inhibiting the formation of Aβ aggregates and degrading the preformed fibrils. In this case, the fluorescence intensity ratio of NA to OFP (INA/IOFP) increases greatly. The detection limit is calculated to be 89.9 nM, presenting the most sensitive ratiometric recognition of Aβ. Interestingly, OFP‐NA‐NO2 can dramatically recover the cell viability of PC‐12 and restore the Aβ‐clearing ability of microglia. Therefore, this ratiometric probe exhibits the targeted recognition of Aβ, effective inhibition of Aβ aggregates, and detox effect, which is potential for early diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Understanding the Effect of Second Metal on CoM (M = Ni, Cu, Zn) Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Jie , Yu Zhenjiang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Niu Siqi , Zhao Jianying , Li Siwei , Xu Ping
Published: October 2021

Co‐based bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a kind of promising electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, most of present works for Co‐based bimetallic MOFs are still in try‐and‐wrong stage, while the OER performance trend and the underlying structure‐function relationship remain unclear. To address this challenge, Co‐based MOFs on carbon cloth (CC) (CoM MOFs/CC, M = Zn, Ni, and Cu) are prepared through a room‐temperature method, and their structure and OER performance are compared systematically. Based on the results of overpotential and Tafel slope, the order of OER activity is ordered in the decreasing sequence: CoZn MOF > CoNi MOF > CoCu MOF > Co MOF. Spectroscopic studies clearly show that the better OER performance of CoM MOFs results from the higher oxidation state of Co, which is related to the choice of second metal. Theoretical calculations indicate that CoZn MOFs possess strengthened adsorption for O‐containing intermediate, and lower energy barrier towards OER. This study figures out the effect of second metal on the OER performance of Co‐based bimetallic MOFs and suggests that tuning the electronic structure of the metal site can be an effective strategy for other MOFs‐based OER catalysts.
Surface Reconstruction of Perovskites for Water Oxidation: The Role of Initial Oxides’ Bulk Chemistry
Authors: Li Haiyan , Chen Yubo , Seow Justin Zhu Yeow , Liu Chuntai , Fisher Adrian C. , Ager Joel W. , Xu Zhichuan J.
Published: October 2021

Developing highly active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for the scalable production of renewable hydrogen fuels by water electrolysis. Perovskite oxides are extensively studied as OER catalysts as they can have high activity and also offer considerable flexibility in composition and structure. Recently, there are increasingly numerous reports regarding dynamic surface reconstruction of perovskite oxides under OER conditions, with claims that the reconstruction‐derived species are the actual catalysts responsible for the measured OER activity. To enable rational design of perovskite oxides as precatalysts to generate actual active components in situ, gaining essential understanding of their reconstruction behaviors is crucial. This perspective discusses the roles of initial bulk chemistry in the surface evolution process of perovskite oxides during OER, including the dependency of surface stability on electronic structure of the precatalyst and the possibility of occurrence of lattice oxygen evolution reaction and cation leaching on the surface of a perovskite oxide precatalyst. It is reasonably argued that tailoring the bulk properties of perovskite precatalysts, such as electronic structure, crystallographic structure, and ion stoichiometry, can influence the occurrence of surface reconstruction and the formation of actual active surface species.
Covalent Organic Framework (COF)‐Based Hybrids for Electrocatalysis: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Tang Jiayi , Su Chao , Shao Zongping
Published: October 2021

Developing highly efficient electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion and environment purification has long been a research priority in the past 15 years. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a burgeoning family of organic materials internally connected by covalent bonds and have been explored as promising candidates in electrocatalysis. The reticular geometry of COFs can provide an excellent platform for precise incorporation of the active sites in the framework, and the fine‐tuning hierarchical porous architectures can enable efficient accessibility of the active sites and mass transportation. Considerable advances are made in rational design and controllable fabrication of COF‐based organic–inorganic hybrids, that containing organic frameworks and inorganic electroactive species to induce novel physicochemical properties, and take advantage of the synergistic effect for targeted electrocatalysis with the hybrid system. Branches of COF‐based hybrids containing a diversity form of metals, metal compounds, as well as metal‐free carbons have come to the fore as highly promising electrocatalysts. This review aims to provide a systematic and profound understanding of the design principles behind the COF‐based hybrids for electrocatalysis applications. Particularly, the structure–activity relationship and the synergistic effects in the COF‐based hybrid systems are discussed to shed some light on the future design of next‐generation electrocatalysts.
Fatigue Failure Analysis for Bimetallic Work Roll in Hot Strip Mills
Authors: Aridi Mohd Radzi , Noda Nao-Aki , Sano Yoshikazu , Takata Kakeru , Sun Zifeng
Published: October 2021

In hot rolling of steels, bimetallic rolls consisting of high‐speed steel and ductile casting iron are extensively used because of their excellent hardness and wear resistance although the fatigue failure study is not available. To extend the roll life service, herein, a 3D finite element method is applied to investigate the residual stress and the rolling stress of the bimetallic work roll in the four‐high rolling mill. The residual stress is analyzed by considering preheating, quenching, and tempering. Using the results as an initial condition, the rolling stress analysis is carried out consecutively. Then, the fatigue failure risk is discussed focusing on several critical points subjected to the largest stress amplitude inside of the work roll. The accuracy of the simple superposition method is also discussed to evaluate the risk conveniently.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Method to Optimize the Structure Parameters of Coal‐Based Flash Ironmaking Reactors
Authors: Yang Yiru , Guo Lei , Guo Zhancheng
Published: October 2021

The coal‐based flash ironmaking furnace is designed to industrialize the novel flash ironmaking technology (FIT), which is recognized as a cleaner and efficient alternative ironmaking process. To realize gas‐particle contact, researchers use the cocurrent downer to reduce bonding, and the reactor structure has a significant effect on the flow pattern. Herein, a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to obtain an in‐depth understanding of the geometry parameters, including ore feeding position (r/R), shaft diameter (D), and height‐to‐diameter ratio (L/D). The simulation results show that the secondary gas flow caused by the dropping hematite particles might enhance or destroy the primary turbulence structure when r/R was below or above 0.6. The increased shaft diameter D expanded the recirculation zone, which helps to prolong the residence time and improve the species exchange. The particles’ reduction degrees first rise and then fell, and the highest value (90.89%) is attained at D = 2.2 m. On the contrary, the increased L/D ratio does not change the turbulence structure but prolongs the length of the plug zone. It also shows a positive but declining effect on the reduction degree from 89.7% to 99.8%.
Experimental and numerical study on T‐Shaped UHPFRC beams with high‐strength reinforcement
Authors: Zhu Li , Li Tengsheng , Wang Ying , Tang Qingchen , Wang Guangming , Zhang Zhendong
Published: October 2021

This article experimentally and numerically investigated the flexural behavior of T‐shaped UHPFRC beams reinforced with high‐strength bars. A total of five beams were tested to study the effect of steel fiber volumetric ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and mix proportion of UHPFRC. Test results indicate that flexural stiffness and strength increased with increasing reinforcement ratio, while the effect of mix proportion was negligible. With the same shear reinforcement ratio, the failure mode of T‐shaped beams changed from shear failure to flexural failure with steel fibers. Results from finite element analyses had good agreement with test results. Future research will focus on the parametric study based on calibrated finite element models and the secondary development of ABAQUS to simulate the shear failure of UHPFRC beams.
Experimental Study on Re‐ignition Process in CO2/C2F6 Gas Mixture Flow after Application of Quasi‐Transient Recovery Voltage
Authors: Demura Fumitoshi , Nakano Yusuke , Tanaka Yasunori , Ishijima Tatsuo , Kikuchi Ryo , Kumada Akiko , Inada Yuki
Published: October 2021

This paper reports dielectric recovery properties of residual CO2/C2F6 gas arcs in a nozzle under free recovery condition, which was realized by operation of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) connected in parallel to arcing electrodes. The recovery properties were measured by adjusting the application timings of the quasi transient recovery voltage (TRV) with a peak value of 4.5 kV with a rate of rise of recovery voltage (RRRV) of 1.8 kV/μs. After a specified delay time td from initiation of arc decaying, re‐ignition occurred when the post‐arc phase had an insufficient dielectric strength for the quasi‐TRV. Experimental results showed that the arc proved to be fluctuated more by minor addition of C2F6 to CO2, although the C2F6 mixing hardly influenced averaged re‐ignition voltage. On the other hand, the probability of successful interruption was greatly improved by mixing C2F6 to CO2. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Impact and mitigation of blade surface roughness effects on wind turbine performance
Authors: Kelly Jack , Vogel Christopher , Willden Richard
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a numerical study of the effects of blade roughness on wind turbine performance and annual energy production and how these effects may be partially mitigated through improved control. Three rotors are designed using the NACA4415, S801 and S810 airfoils, and blade element momentum theory is used to model wind turbine behaviour. The aerodynamic lift and drag data for the clean and roughened airfoils are taken from previous experimental work. These show that surface roughness leads to a decreased airfoil lift coefficient and an increased drag coefficient across an angle of attack range typical for large wind turbines, which will clearly lead to decreased turbine performance. Three separate control methods are considered for wind turbines with roughened blades operating at each of four candidate wind sites with different wind speed distributions. Results show that, compared to clean rotor blades, the roughened blades lead to a performance drop in the range of 2.9–8.6% for a torque based control strategy. A control‐based performance recovery strategy, in which the controller gain coefficient is re‐optimised, increased roughened rotor annual energy production by 0.1–1.0%.
Governance for food waste prevention in Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam: Achieving the right mix
Authors: Mao Caixia , Zusman Eric , Hengesbaugh Matthew , Liu Chen
Published: October 2021

This article asks how to achieve food waste prevention in Asia from a governance perspective by looking at Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam as case studies. Aligning stakeholders behind preventive measures on food waste requires a context‐appropriate mix of hierarchical, market, and network modes of governance. This article analyzes current food waste governance in Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam. In Japan, government‐led hierarchical coordination primarily only emphasized horizontal coordination and later extended this into vertical coordination. The emergence of grassroots initiatives in the response to COVID‐19 shows that network and market forms of coordination have greater potential to scale their reach to consumers than hierarchical coordination. Thailand exhibits a hierarchical orientation with little interagency coordination on upstream measures; market and network modes have compensated for limited upstream government efforts. Vietnam combines hierarchical and market modes only in the post‐harvesting and manufacturing stages of food production and relies on network modes during community‐level reuse and distribution. The article recommends that to achieve food waste prevention, other than introducing national government led hierarchical mode of coordination in vertical and horizontal levels, market and network‐based coordination is essential to engage with different stakeholders in the food supply chain.
Research trends in forensic science: A scientometric approach to analyze the content of the INTERPOL reviews
Authors: Ménard Hervé , Akinpelu Oyewumi , Fiakpui Nana A. , He Rong (Lily) , Huxter Sarah , Jordan Caitlin , Judge Lucy , King Aoife , Miller Brianna , Moggs Sophie E. , Patrascu Carmen‐Teodora , Pearson Teri , Seneviratne M. Eranthi J. , Timmerman Lotte E. , Haddrill Penelope R. , Klu Joyce K. , Cole Christian , Nic Daéid Niamh
Published: October 2021

The use of forensic evidence has become indispensable in many countries and jurisdictions around the world; however, the dissemination of research advancements does not necessarily directly or easily reach the forensic science community. Reports from the INTERPOL International Forensic Science Managers Symposium outline major areas that are of interest to forensic practitioners across the INTERPOL member countries. The information contained in the INTERPOL reports is extensive but can be challenging to process. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of trends within the INTERPOL reports over an 18 year period. References relating to 10 evidence types retrieved from the 14th to 19th INTERPOL IFSMS reports (2004–2019) were processed and compared with data exports from the citation database Scopus covering the same evidence types. The results from this work are summarized by investigating the relationships between the 10 evidence types. To explore the outputs a user‐friendly R‐Shiny application was developed and is freely available at: https://uod.ac.uk/lrcfsinterpolreportsexplorer.

This article is categorized under:

Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Trace Evidence
Patient Resources in a Cancer Center
Authors: Yassine Farah , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A.
Published: October 2021

Despite the emergence of more effective targeted therapies, cancer treatment remains a complex process requiring a holistic patient-centered approach, beyond the direct medical care offered by the treating hematologist/oncologist. This entails empowering patients with knowledge about prescribed regimens and their risks and side effects, within a multifaceted treatment team involving hematologists/oncologists, advanced practice providers, nurses, nutritionists, and pharmacists, among others. Additionally, a multitude of resources are generally available including financial, religious, and spiritual support to help patients in the treatment journey. This chapter describes resources generally available to cancer patients, as well as an array of supporting services in a cancer center to address the patient needs.
Entanglement entropy and edge modes in topological string theory. Part II. The dual gauge theory story
Authors: Jiang Yikun , Kim Manki , Wong Gabriel
Published: October 2021

Abstract

This is the second in a two-part paper devoted to studying entanglement entropy and edge modes in the A model topological string theory. This theory enjoys a gauge-string (Gopakumar-Vafa) duality which is a topological analogue of AdS/CFT. In part 1, we defined a notion of generalized entropy for the topological closed string theory on the resolved conifold. We provided a canonical interpretation of the generalized entropy in terms of the q-deformed entanglement entropy of the Hartle-Hawking state. We found string edge modes transforming under a quantum group symmetry and interpreted them as entanglement branes. In this work, we provide the dual Chern-Simons gauge theory description. Using Gopakumar-Vafa duality, we map the closed string theory Hartle-Hawking state to a Chern-Simons theory state containing a superposition of Wilson loops. These Wilson loops are dual to closed string worldsheets that determine the partition function of the resolved conifold. We show that the undeformed entanglement entropy due to cutting these Wilson loops reproduces the bulk generalized entropy and therefore captures the entanglement underlying the bulk spacetime. Finally, we show that under the Gopakumar-Vafa duality, the bulk entanglement branes are mapped to a configuration of topological D-branes, and the non-local entanglement boundary condition in the bulk is mapped to a local boundary condition in the gauge theory dual. This suggests that the geometric transition underlying the gauge-string duality may also be responsible for the emergence of entanglement branes.
Three-loop helicity amplitudes for four-quark scattering in massless QCD
Authors: Caola Fabrizio , Chakraborty Amlan , Gambuti Giulio , von Manteuffel Andreas , Tancredi Lorenzo
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We compute the three-loop corrections to the helicity amplitudes for q$$ \overline{q} $$

q
¯

→ Q$$ \overline{Q} $$

Q
¯

scattering in massless QCD. In the Lorentz decomposition of the scattering amplitude we avoid evanescent Lorentz structures and map the corresponding form factors directly to the physical helicity amplitudes. We reduce the amplitudes to master integrals and express them in terms of harmonic polylogarithms. The renormalised amplitudes exhibit infrared divergences of dipole and quadrupole type, as predicted by previous work on the infrared structure of multileg scattering amplitudes. We derive the finite remainders and present explicit results for all relevant partonic channels, both for equal and different quark flavours.
Identification by proximity labeling of novel lipidic and proteinaceous potential partners of the dopamine transporter
Authors: Piniella Dolores , Martínez-Blanco Elena , Bartolomé-Martín David , Sanz-Martos Ana B. , Zafra Francisco
Published: October 2021

Dopamine (DA) transporters (DATs) are regulated by trafficking and modulatory processes that probably rely on stable and transient interactions with neighboring proteins and lipids. Using proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID), we found novel potential partners for DAT, including several membrane proteins, such as the transmembrane chaperone 4F2hc, the proteolipid M6a and a potential membrane receptor for progesterone (PGRMC2). We also detected two cytoplasmic proteins: a component of the Cullin1-dependent ubiquitination machinery termed F-box/LRR-repeat protein 2 (FBXL2), and the enzyme inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2). Immunoprecipitation (IP) and immunofluorescence studies confirmed either a physical association or a close spatial proximity between these proteins and DAT. M6a, SHIP2 and the Cullin1 system were shown to increase DAT activity in coexpression experiments, suggesting a functional role for their association. Deeper analysis revealed that M6a, which is enriched in neuronal protrusions (filopodia or dendritic spines), colocalized with DAT in these structures. In addition, the product of SHIP2 enzymatic activity (phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2]) was tightly associated with DAT, as shown by co-IP and by colocalization of mCherry-DAT with a specific biosensor for this phospholipid. PI(3,4)P2 strongly stimulated transport activity in electrophysiological recordings, and conversely, inhibition of SHIP2 reduced DA uptake in several experimental systems including striatal synaptosomes and the dopaminergic cell line SH-SY5Y. In summary, here we report several potential new partners for DAT and a novel regulatory lipid, which may represent new pharmacological targets for DAT, a pivotal protein in dopaminergic function of the brain.
Finite Sequentiality of Finitely Ambiguous Max-Plus Tree Automata
Authors: Paul Erik
Published: October 2021

We show that the finite sequentiality problem is decidable for finitely ambiguous max-plus tree automata. A max-plus tree automaton is a weighted tree automaton over the max-plus semiring. A max-plus tree automaton is called finitely ambiguous if the number of accepting runs on every tree is bounded by a global constant. The finite sequentiality problem asks whether for a given max-plus tree automaton, there exist finitely many deterministic max-plus tree automata whose pointwise maximum is equivalent to the given automaton.
Recombinant and endogenous ways to produce methylated phospholipids in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kleetz Julia , Vasilopoulos Georgios , Czolkoss Simon , Aktas Meriyem , Narberhaus Franz
Published: October 2021

Escherichia coli is the daily workhorse in molecular biology research labs and an important platform microorganism in white biotechnology. Its cytoplasmic membrane is primarily composed of the phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL). As in most other bacteria, the typical eukaryotic phosphatidylcholine (PC) is not a regular component of the E. coli membrane. PC is known to act as a substrate in various metabolic or catabolic reactions, to affect protein folding and membrane insertion, and to activate proteins that originate from eukaryotic environments. Options to manipulate the E. coli membrane to include non-native lipids such as PC might make it an even more powerful and versatile tool for biotechnology and protein biochemistry. This article outlines different strategies how E. coli can be engineered to produce PC and other methylated PE derivatives. Several of these approaches rely on the ectopic expression of genes from natural PC-producing organisms. These include PC synthases, lysolipid acyltransferases, and several phospholipid N-methyltransferases with diverse substrate and product preferences. In addition, we show that E. coli has the capacity to produce PC by its own enzyme repertoire provided that appropriate precursors are supplied. Screening of the E. coli Keio knockout collection revealed the lysophospholipid transporter LplT to be responsible for the uptake of lyso-PC, which is then further acylated to PC by the acyltransferase-acyl carrier protein synthetase Aas. Overall, our study shows that the membrane composition of the most routinely used model bacterium can readily be tailored on demand.

Key points

• Escherichia coli can be engineered to produce non-native methylated PE derivatives.

• These lipids can be produced by foreign and endogenous proteins.

• Modification of E. coli membrane offers potential for biotechnology and research.

Graphical abstract
Seeing the world through the eyes of a butterfly: visual ecology of the territorial males of Pararge aegeria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Bergman Martin , Smolka Jochen , Nilsson Dan-Eric , Kelber Almut
Published: October 2021

Combining studies of animal visual systems with exact imaging of their visual environment can get us a step closer to understand how animals see their “Umwelt”. Here, we have combined both methods to better understand how males of the speckled wood butterfly,Pararge aegeria, see the surroundings of their perches. These males are well known to sit and wait for a chance to mate with a passing females, in sunspot territories in European forests. We provide a detailed description of the males' body and head posture, viewing direction, visual field and spatial resolution, as well as the visual environment.Pararge aegeriahas sexually dimorphic eyes, the smallest interommatidial angles of males are around 1°, those of females 1.5°. Perching males face the antisolar direction with their retinal region of the highest resolution pointing at an angle of about 45° above the horizon; thus, looking at a rather even and dark background in front of which they likely have the best chance to detect a sunlit female passing through the sunspot.
Evaluation of adalimumab biosimilar candidate (HS016) in Chinese patients with active ankylosing spondylitis based on a health survey: sub-analysis of a phase 3 study
Authors: Su Jinmei , Li Mengtao , He Lan , Zhao Dongbao , Wan Weiguo , Liu Yi , Xu Jianhua , Xu Jian , Liu Huaxiang , Jiang Lindi , Wu Huaxiang , Zuo Xiaoxia , Huang Cibo , Liu Xiumei , Li Fen , Zhang Zhiyi , Liu Xiangyuan , Dong Lingli , Li Tianwang , Chen Haiying , Li Jingyang , He Dongyi , Lu Xin , Huang Anbin , Tao Yi , Wang Yanyan , Zhang Zhuoli , Wei Wei , Li Xiaofeng , Zeng Xiaofeng
Published: October 2021

Objective

The equivalence of the biosimilar HS016 to adalimumab (Humira) for the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients has been previously validated. The aim was to compare the efficacy of HS016 and adalimumab in stratified subgroups at different time points using Health Assessment Questionnaire for Spondyloarthropathies (HAQ-S) and short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaires.

Methods

We carried out a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel, positive control, phase 3 trial of patients with active AS. They were selected randomly to be subcutaneously administered 40 mg HS016 or adalimumab every 2 weeks for a total treatment period of 24 weeks in a 2:1 ratio. A health surveys were used to assess mental and physical improvements of patients as well as other factors.

Results

HAQ-S revealed that changes in scores from baseline in both groups were time dependent until 14 weeks and that during the first 4 weeks of treatment the changes declined rapidly. The SF-36 health survey revealed that both HS016 and adalimumab produced rapid beneficial effects against AS during the first 2 weeks of therapy, which gradually declined between 2 and 12 weeks and flattened out after 12 weeks until 24 weeks.

Conclusion

This trial demonstrated that both HS016 and adalimumab produced rapid improvements in symptoms during the first 2 weeks of treatment. These findings suggest that HS016 is an alternative economical treatment for Chinese AS patients producing a rapid amelioration of symptoms, aiding them to recover their lifestyle satisfaction.

Trial registration

http://www.chictr.org.cn/enindex.aspx, ChiCTR1900022520, retrospectively registered.

Key points

• HS016 and adalimumab produced rapid AS symptom improvements during the first 2 weeks followed by a slowdown of improvements until week 4 with afterwards few improvements evaluated by HAQ-S

• The improvements according to the short form of the 36 (SF-36) questionnaires revealed similar trends as for HAQ-S

• There was no significant difference in HAQ-S and SF-36 scores between HS016 and adalimumab
Understanding factors that influence unintentional insider threat: a framework to counteract unintentional risks
Authors: Khan Neeshe , J. Houghton Robert , Sharples Sarah
Published: October 2021

The exploitation of so-called insiders is increasingly recognised as a common vector for cyberattacks. Emerging work in this area has considered the phenomenon from various perspectives including the technological, the psychological and the sociotechnical. We extend this work by specifically examining unintentional forms of insider threat and report the outcomes of a series of detailed Critical Decision Method (CDM) led interviews with those who have experienced various forms of unwitting cybersecurity breaches. We also articulate factors likely to contribute firmly in the context of everyday work-as-done. CDM’s probing questions were used to elicit expert knowledge around how decision making occurred prior, during and post an unintentional cyber breach whilst participants were engaged in the delivery of cognitive tasks. Through the application of grounded theory to data, emerging results included themes of decision making, task factors, accidents and organisational factors. These results are utilised to inform an Epidemiological Triangle to represent the dynamic relationship between three vectors of exploit, user and the work environment that can in turn affect the resilience of cyber defences. We conclude by presenting a simple framework, which for the purposes of this work is a set of recommendations applicable in specific scenarios to reduce negative impact for understanding unintentional insider threats. We also suggest practical means to counteract such threats rooted in the lived experience of those who have fallen prey to them.