bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Honig Bonnie
Published: September 2017

This book examines democratic theory in the context of object relations and asks whether democracy might be constitutively dependent on public things. Drawing on D. W. Winnicott's object-relations theory, in which objects have seemingly magic powers of integration and adhesion, and Hannah Arendt's account of the work of homo faber, the book thinks out loud about things (or “things out loud”) and their contributions to democratic politics. It considers Winnicott's “transitional objects,” “holding environments,” “object permanence,” and “good enough” (m)others as well as Arendt's ideas about the durability and permanence that “things” bring to the contingency and flux of the human world of action. The basic argument is that democracy is rooted in common love for, antipathy to, and contestation of public things.
Care and Concern: Arendt with Winnicott
Authors: Honig Bonnie
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines “things” in Hannah Arendt's work in relation to D. W. Winnicott's object relations. Hoping to generate a lexicon for a political theory of public things, it analyzes Arendt's The Human Condition together with Winnicott's work. It notes the convergence of Winnicott and Arendt on the value of care and concern for the world and for others and argues that there is a case to be made for seeing Arendt as a kind of object-relations theorist whose concepts, along with Winnicott's, call attention to the centrality of public things to democratic life. Read with Winnicott, Arendt emerges as a thinker who is committed to the power of thingness to stabilize the flux of nature and the contingency of action.
Zipped Commercials, Zapped Memory? Not Necessarily
Authors: Rouwenhorst Robert , Zhao Liang
Published: September 2017

As digital-video-recorders (DVRs) become more popular, an increasing number of television commercials are being zipped (fast-forwarded).  This paper examines how memory for brand names, products and attitudes toward commercials are influenced by zipping at the speeds used by the popular DVR manufacturer, TiVo (300, 1800 and 6000 percent).  Experimental results show that compared to ads shown in real-time, memory for the advertised brand names improves when the commercials are zipped at 300 percent of normal speed.  However, brand name recall dramatically declines as the commercials are zipped at faster speeds (1800 and 6000 percent).  Speed of zipping had a significant effect on the ability to recall the advertised brand for all commercials except those at the end of a commercial pod.  This suggests that all else being equal, ads placed at the end of a commercial pod are more likely to be recalled at all zipping speeds.  Viewers of zipped commercials had more neutral attitudes toward the ads compared with those who saw them in real-time.
Pricing for Products in Website-Dominant Static Group-buying
Authors: Li Sheng , Feng Huifang , Huang Yu
Published: September 2017

We develop a game model to describe the game between a seller and a group-buying website in order to study the operating mode of Chinese static group-buying(GB). A seller sells products by a website and allocates a proportion of revenue to it. Based on this mode we establish the profit function of the seller and that of the GB website. The website decides its allocation proportion and the sale price of its products according to the profit maximization principle and the revenue sharing proportion in the contract. We then analyze the relationship among different parameters and find that the products’ price decreasing with the increasing of the revenue sharing proportion. In addition, there also exists an optimal GB period to maximize the seller’s profit in a GB.
Are Prospective English Teachers Linguistically Intelligent?
Authors: Tezel Kadir Vefa
Published: September 2017

Language is normally associated with linguistic capabilities of individuals. In the theory of multiple intelligences, language is considered to be related primarily to linguistic intelligence. Using the theory of Multiple Intelligences as its starting point, this descriptive survey study investigated to what extent prospective English teachers’ high school education contributed to the development of linguistic intelligence which is essential for language teachers. The data were collected, using the Teele Inventory of Multiple Intelligences. The results showed that of the seven intelligences in the inventory, linguistic intelligence was not the most dominant intelligence of the participants. Variables such as the type of high school the students graduated from, the number of years of English learning, and gender did not have any effect on the linguistic intelligence scores of prospective English teachers either. The findings indicate that a change in the criteria of selection needs to be made in admitting prospective language teachers to universities.
Spatial Analysis of Salt Heterogeneity in a Central Californian Grape Field
Authors: Cassel Florence , Sharma Shankar
Published: September 2017

Grape is one of the major crops produced in California; however, moderate salt concentrations in the soil pore space can affect its growth. Therefore, it is important that the root zone salinity be rigorously monitored and maintained below the threshold limit for grape. Spatial analysis of salt heterogeneity can facilitate site-specific management for the crop. We conducted an electromagnetic salinity survey followed by semivariance modeling and kriging analyses in order to quantify the spatial variability and structure of salt distributions in a central Californian grape field. Soils in the study area had silty clayey texture and the salinity across the root zone remained largely elevated with random variations. Around 78 and 19 % of the salinity values remained in the 3-4 and 4-4.5 dS m-1 ranges, respectively. The 3.5-4 dS m-1 level represented one of the most abundant concentrations across the areas of salt build up in the grape field. Based on our variogram and crossvalidation analyses, the Gaussian model fitted best to the salinity data (r2 = 0.996, RSS = 0.0003). The salt heterogeneity was characterized by high structural variance (99 %) and low nugget effect (C0 = 0.014). The kriging analysis demonstrated a large spatial dependence of salinity that extended beyond a 1000 m radius. The isotropic nature of the spatial correlation structure produced an omnidirectional variogram. The overall salinity levels across the field surpassed the salt tolerance threshold for grape and the spatial analyses identified sensitive zones and their structures that require precise adaptive management.
Corporate Social Innovation in Comparison with Corporate Social Responsibility: Integration, Development or Replacement?
Authors: Popoli Paolo
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this paper is to provide conceptual insights as to the social dimension of businesses and how it fits into the principles of strategic management of for-profit enterprise. This issue is analyzed with reference to the three paradigms of corporate social responsibility (CSR), social innovation, and corporate social innovation (CSI). Although there have been many studies and a great deal of research on these issues, the qualitative and quantitative analyses done so far have generally analyzed the three paradigms separately, while there has been no analysis of the logical links among them. After identifying CSI as the link in the chain between CSR and social innovation, this paper poses the question of what linkage exists between the two paradigms of CSI and CSR, and in particular of whether CSI integrates, develops, or replaces CSR. In terms of method, the paper is conceptually developed on the basis of the prevailing international literature and secondary data.
The Performance of Two Anchor Domestic Malaysian Banks before and after Acquisition
Authors: S. Jakpar , M. Tinggi , T. Chong W. , A. Johari , T. Myint K.
Published: September 2017

This article is undertaken to assess the performance of domestic Malaysian banks before and after acquisition. This paper focuses on two pairs of anchor banks which merged and acquired other minor banks in Malaysia from year 2001 until 2013. The research period is 2 years before and 2 years after the acquisitions. The method being used in this research is financial ratios and event study. Nine selected financial ratios were used in this research to find the difference between pre and post acquisitions. Whereas event study is used to find the abnormal return, average abnormal return, cumulative abnormal return, and t-test hypothesis. The event window in this research is a total of 21 days before and after the acquisitions including the actual day of the event announcement. The results for this research indicate that there was improvement for Hong Leong Bank and EON Bank. RHB Bank on the other hand was outperforming by Bank Utama. There were limitation when carrying out this research such as difficulties to retrieve the needed annual report and historical price to conduct the investigation. The time lag on certain banks performance may need more time to see a better result while others may perform well in short period.
Dietary Content and Potential Health Risks of Metals in Commercial Black Tea in Kampala (Uganda)
Authors: Bamuwamye Michael , Ogwok Patrick , Tumuhairwe Vivian , Eragu Richard , Nakisozi Henriettah , Ogwang Patrick E.
Published: September 2017

Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is among the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages. It is a rich source of essential dietary elements mainly potassium and manganese. Tea may also contain toxic metals such as cadmium and lead which pose a threat to human health because of their toxicity. Twenty samples of commercial black tea in Kampala city were randomly obtained and analysed for potassium, sodium, aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Human health risks due to exposure to toxic elements from daily consumption of tea were determined using incremental lifetime cancer risk and non-cancer hazard quotient. Metal contents of black tea sold in Kampala were below international regulatory limits. The estimated daily intake of the elements in two grams of black tea was below the recommended values. Hazard quotient and hazard index were within acceptable range. Total cancer risk levels for all the teas were also within United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) acceptable range. Daily consumption of one cup containing two grams of black tea over a lifetime will promote consumer overall health and wellbeing.
Land Access and Household Food Security in Kpomassè District, Southern Benin: A Few Lessons for Smallholder Agriculture Interventions
Authors: Aoudji Augustin K. N. , Kindozoun Prudence , Adegbidi Anselme , Ganglo Jean C.
Published: September 2017

Land remains a key asset in smallholder agriculture, and is expected to play a critical contribution to food security, still a major concern for decision makers. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between land access mechanisms and the food security situation of households in Kpomassè district (southern Benin). A survey was conducted among 150 farmers selected randomly in six villages across the district. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, access to land and food consumption patterns of the households. Data analysis encompassed a typology of households according to their access to land, by combining Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. The level of household food security was assessed by computing the food consumption score. Three types of producers were identified based on their access to land. These were typified as “renters”, “borrowers” and “heirs”, representing 44%, 21%, and 35% of the sample, respectively. The average food consumption score ranged between 51.9 and 57.4, showing a satisfactory food intake for all types of households. The study suggests that secure modes of access to land might improve the food security status of households through increased assets. Also, there is a need of capacity building for farmers, in order to address the critical issue of the impoverishment of soil, through fertility management programs. The issue of access to credit is also an important policy matter.
Quando os Diferentes Passam a Ter Direitos Iguais: Uma Análise da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade - ADI 5357 e a Violação dos Direitos de Crianças e Adolescentes com Deficiência
Authors: Custódio André Viana , Hammes Leila Viviane Scherer
Published: September 2017

A Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade – ADI 5357 é o tema desse estudo. Justifica-se a escolha, pois órgãos representativos das escolas particulares demonstraram contrariedade ao Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência ferindo valores e direitos. Objetiva-se demonstrar que a ADI 5357 é uma afronta aos valores morais, ao direito à educação e ao direito das pessoas com deficiência. O questionamento que se pretende responder é se a ADI 5357 é de fato uma afronta à moral e aos direitos. Para tanto, será utilizado o método monográfico e técnica de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Conclui-se que não resta demonstrada permissão para que escolas particulares se isentem da obrigação de promover a inclusão de estudantes com ou sem deficiência, eis que a elas compete incentivar valores morais, como o altruísmo e a alteridade para consolidar direitos fundamentais.
O Papel do Estado no Tratamento Favorecido às Micro e Pequenas Empresas Face às Convenções Coletivas de Trabalho e Sua Relação com o Desenvolvimento Econômico Empresarial e Social
Authors: Afonso Túlio Augusto Tayano , Lorencini Bruno César
Published: September 2017

Através de uma metodologia dedutiva, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica atinente ao tema, especialmente doutrinária em documentos e obras desenvolvidos no Brasil, o presente artigo aborda a posição das micro e pequenas empresas em face das Convenções Coletivas de Trabalho, e sua relação com o desenvolvimento econômico empresarial e social brasileiro. Para tanto, primeiramente investiga-se a situação das micro e pequenas empresas dentro da organização do mercado de trabalho nacional. Em seguida, coteja-se a intervenção do Estado nas relações econômicas trabalhistas, para por fim, concluir pela necessidade de uma normatização estatal em prol de condições especiais para as micro e pequenas empresas no que diz respeito às Convenções Coletivas de Trabalho.
Remebering Southern Germany’s Jewish past – initiatives and developments since the 1980’s
Authors: Renghart Martin
Published: September 2017

Remebering Southern Germany’s Jewish past – initiatives and developments since the 1980’s
Aftereffects: The representation of the Holocaust, its universal moral implication and the transgenerational transformation of the trauma based on the Israeli documentary fim OY MAMA
Authors: Steir-Livny Liat
Published: September 2017

Aftereffects: The representation of the Holocaust, its universal moral implication and the transgenerational transformation of the trauma based on the Israeli documentary fim OY MAMA
From Abyssinia to Cairo: The Zar Ritual Complex
Authors: El Hadidi Hager
Published: September 2017

This chapter traces the history and origins of zar in order to elucidate how it migrated with Abyssinian slavery in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to Egypt. It lays the basis for understanding zar spirit possession as practiced in Cairo from the nineteenth century until today. Following a short overview of the history and origin of zar in the Red Sea region and the reasoning behind thinking about zar in Egypt as a transnational phenomenon, the chapter discusses zar practices in Cairo based on the author's fieldwork. It also considers the relationship between zar and Islam, the zar ritual placation process, spirit afflictions and their symptoms, and the role of gender and class in zar participation. Finally, it looks at zar professionals (leaders and musicians), zar music and dance, and zar paraphernalia.
Social Capital and Irrigation Water Management in Kafr al-Sheikh and Fayoum in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Gouda Dalia M.
Published: September 2017

This chapter covers the period from the 1950s to the 1960s based on the data collected from in-depth interviews with key informants, villagers, and state representatives as well as from group interviews. The first part identifies the actors of the village field, discusses their ability to exercise social capital functions, social control, and collective action, and examines the main social relationships that permitted the exercise of social capital functions. The second part analyzes the formation and functioning of informal water user groups in Kafr al-Sheikh and Fayoum at the mesqa level, examining the degree of autonomy of the irrigation water management field and the extent of the impact of the village field on irrigation water management in both governorates.
Water User Organizations and Social Capital
Authors: Gouda Dalia M.
Published: September 2017

Chapters 3 and 4 four set out the findings of four case studies in two different governorates, Kafr al-Sheikh and Fayoum, covering two periods: the 1950s and 1960s, and the 1970s onward. They described and analyzed similar village fields and contrasting irrigation water management fields. This chapter draws on this material to examine the role played by social capital in influencing the functioning of water users' organizations (WUOs). First, it sets out the findings from using the developed framework in the four case study areas. This is followed by a discussion, based on these findings, of the limitations of Putnam's theory and approach in explaining the impact of social capital on the functioning of WUOs. Next, it discusses the enhancements of the conceptual framework based on the empirical findings and their theoretical implications. Finally, the chapter looks at how the framework can be generalized.
Conclusions
Authors: Gouda Dalia M.
Published: September 2017

This chapter outlines the general conclusions of the research and the book based on the analysis of the four case study areas in Egypt. It also provides the basis for thoughts about a more realistic and critical consideration of social capital theories into the mainstream of community-based natural resource management in general, and irrigation management transfer in particular. The research undertaken for this book show that it was worthwhile to develop a comprehensive conceptual framework for the analysis of social capital to use in place of Putnam's theory and approach, which romanticize traditional village organizations and cannot satisfactorily explain the complexity observed in the case study areas. The findings also provided key lessons to keep in mind when establishing and supporting water users' associations (WUA) at the level of tertiary and branch canals. Among these are the impact of improvements to irrigation infrastructure on farmers' behavior and the functioning of WUAs on the tertiary canal, namely that reducing face-to-face interactions reduces the creation of social capital, social control, and collective action; and that cooperation is not only dependent on the availability of water but is also affected by the autonomy of the irrigation water management field and the assignment of water rights.
A Walled Community
Authors: Donker van Heel Koenraad
Published: September 2017

This book seeks to piece together the parts of Mrs. Naunakhte's life by retracing the steps of her children and her two husbands. Naunakhte, an “average” woman (but not really) from the New Kingdom village of Deir al-Medina, has become a famous figure in Egyptology because of a statement about her inheritance she made in court in year 3 of Ramesses V (1145/44–1142/40 BCE) that denied several of her eight surviving children of their maternal inheritance. In her statement, Naunakhte explained why these children would be disinherited. Two daughters had never bothered to care for her in her old age; one of her sons was a layabout who was always short of money. This chapter looks at the list of Naunakhte's children that was made on the basis of her statement in court.
Where Was the Management Located?
Authors: Donker van Heel Koenraad
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the possible exact location of the main administrative building in Deir al-Medina. It considers the so-called khetem en Pa Kher “enclosure of The Tomb,” or pa khetem “the enclosure,” the most important office for the administration of Deir al-Medina. “The Tomb” was the standard designation of the (work on) the royal tomb and the organization responsible for building and monitoring it. Although the translation “enclosure” for khetem is correct, “main office” appears to be more accurate. The chapter also discusses the notion, based on O. Cairo CG 25831 (Dynasty 19), that women were not allowed to roam around, and the case of eight menstruating women roaming about, described in O. Oriental Institute Museum 13512. Finally, it evaluates a number of theories regarding the location of the administrative center, including those put forward by Christopher Eyre, Günter Burkard, Raphael Ventura, and Jack Janssen.
The Five Walls of Pharaoh
Authors: Donker van Heel Koenraad
Published: September 2017

This chapter focuses on the Five Walls of Pharaoh in Deir al-Medina. It first considers the possibility that movement in the necropolis area was at least partially restricted and that the workmen usually had free access to the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens. It then discusses the presence of checkpoints in the necropolis area to monitor the incoming and outgoing traffic, probably also in the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens. These checkpoints in the necropolis area have always been associated with the Five Walls of Pharaoh. In year 29 of Ramesses III, the workmen passed these checkpoints more than once in search of their rations. The chapter also examines a number of theories regarding the location of the Five Walls, including those suggested by Egyptologists Raphael Ventura, Paul John Frandsen, Andreas Dorn, and Günter Burkard.
Some Husband
Authors: Donker van Heel Koenraad
Published: September 2017

This chapter focuses on Naunakhte's first husband, Qenhirkhopshef, a prominent Deir al-Medina scribe who remained in office for approximately forty years (or more). Qenhirkhopshef became Naunakhte's (presumably) first husband when he was fifty-something years of age and she was twelve (or slightly older). Even after his death, Qenhirkhopshef would influence the lives of the sons and daughters of Naunakhte and her second husband Khaemnun. The chapter attempts to piece together parts of Qenhirkhopshef's life—most of which was spent before he married Naunakhte, from his adoption by the senior village scribe Ramose and his wife Mutemwia to his becoming an important man in the village. It asks a number of questions, for example, where Ramose's property went when he died; Qenhirkhopshef's biological parents; and Qenhirkhopshef's character.
Was Husband Number Two a Demotion?
Authors: Donker van Heel Koenraad
Published: September 2017

This chapter focuses on Naunakhte's second husband, Khaemnun, a workman in Deir al-Medina. It is not clear when Khaemnun was born. There is some speculation that he was already active as a workman at the end of Dynasty 19, and more specifically in year 4 of either Amunmessu (1199 BCE), Sethy II (1196 BCE), or Siptah (1190 BCE). The chapter reconstructs some of the kitchen-table discussions between Naunakhte and Khaemnun and considers the claim of the workman Amunemipet that he has a right to Khaemnun's tomb. It also discusses various stories in the village, from Khaemnun's donkey to agriculture in Deir al-Medina, land leases from the Kushite period (Dynasty 25), and the dispute over donkeys between a workman, a water carrier, and the chief of police Sobekhotep. It also looks at the deals that the policemen and their chiefs were always striking with the workmen.
A Day in the Life of Menatnakhte
Authors: Donker van Heel Koenraad
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the Will of Naunakhte from the perspective of one of Naunakhte's daughters, Menatnakhte. The Will of Naunakhte is the most famous case of a Deir al-Medina woman dividing her inheritance. It consists of four papyri, two of which were acquired by Alan Gardiner sometime after 1928 and are now kept at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. The two other papyri were found in situ during the excavations in Deir al-Medina in 1928. In her last will, Naunakhte states that some of her children will not inherit from her, because they had not looked after her when she was old. The inheritance divided by Naunakhte included the property of her first husband, Qenhirkhopshef and the property acquired by her and her second husband, Khaemnun. This chapter considers the possibility that Naunakhte's will had created some dissent in the family.
Thrown Out
Authors: Donker van Heel Koenraad
Published: September 2017

This chapter focuses on divorce in Deir al-Medina. It begins with the observation that divorce in the village was easy: a man could “throw his wife out” of the house and a woman could just as easily decide to “go away,” although this would have emotional and financial consequences. A departing wife would receive real estate. It was always the woman who left the house because a house in the village was state property and directly connected with the husband's job. However, there are also cases where it was the man leaving the house to live with another woman. The chapter considers one such case, P. Geneva D 409 + P. Turin Cat. 2021 recto, which involved the vizier, and the problems that it highlights, namely the future of the family property and the children, apart from their personal grief. It also discusses marriage in Deir al-Medina.
Two Scribes Called Amunnakhte
Authors: Donker van Heel Koenraad
Published: September 2017

This chapter focuses on two scribes, both named Amunnakhte; one is the son of Khaemnun and Naunakhte, the other the son of Ipuy. It first considers O. DeM 225 from early Dynasty 20, which shows Amunnakhte the son of Khaemnun and Naunakhte being commissioned by a Mrs. Iy to manufacture a coffin. It then examines the letters that Amunnakhte and Maaninakhtef wrote each other, including one in which he urges the latter to take care of their business. It also analyzes P. DeM 4–6, believed to have been written by three different scribes, and concludes with a discussion of P. Vienna KM 3925 verso, the writing of which is somehow slightly reminiscent of Amunnakhte son of Ipuy, but which also mentions the scribe Amunmose who brought something to a number of men and women, among them Amunnakhte son of Khaemnun and Naunakhte.
Marriage: The Final Step
Authors: Donker van Heel Koenraad
Published: September 2017

This chapter focuses on marriage in Deir al-Medina. It begins with an overview of the marriage procedure or ceremony in the village, and cites indications that a formal divorce (at least in some instances) required an official statement made in court to dissolve a marriage. It then considers several ostraca describing how the future son-in-law carries some gift to the house of his prospective father-in-law, hoping to marry the latter's daughter, including one that summarizes various marital property arrangements from the ninth century BCE. It also examines an undated text that may contain the remains of an oath on the occasion of a marriage (O. Varille 30) and concludes with a discussion of the marriage between Naunakhte (twelve or slightly older) and Qenhirkhopshef (fifty-something).
"A Country of Failure"
Authors: Gordon Joel
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the background to the Free Officers' coup d'etat and the political bickering that followed by focusing on the parliamentary regime in its last years, between January 1950 and July 23, 1952. During this period, reform-minded members of the political establishment clashed with those who continued to play politics as usual. Their failures resulted in the end of liberalism in Egypt. The chapter first provides an overview of how competing interests, both foreign and national, doomed Egypt's parliamentary order from the outset before discussing the election of a Wafdist government in 1950 and its eventual failure. It then analyzes the events that served as a prelude to the Free Officers' rising around which disaffected liberals, progressives, communists, and the Muslim Brotherhood constructed a new savior myth: that a military junta would, after imposing constitutional reform, restore parliamentary life and then return to the barracks.
"Each of You Shall Be Gamal"
Authors: Gordon Joel
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines Gamal Abdel Nasser' transformation from conspirator in the July revolution to public statesman. The revolution of the Free Officers began to take form in the third year of their military rule. Following the March crisis, the officers abandoned plans to restore democratic life in Egypt in the near future. They used the police to preserve order, and occasionally to create disorder. The chapter considers the assassination attempt on Nasser by a member of the Muslim Brotherhood in October 1954—known as the Manshiya incident—and the Command Council of the Revolution's (CCR) subsequent crackdown on its most serious adversaries, particularly the communists and the Muslim Brothers, and even Muhammad Nagib. It also discusses Nasser's personal consolidation of power with an eye towards cementing his role as sole leader of Egypt as well as redefining the role of the revolutionary council.
On the Great Pyramid
Authors: Sadik Wafaa EL , Heimlich Rüdiger
Published: September 2017

This chapter begins with the author's arrival to Cairo University. The university was founded as a private college in 1908, then nationalized in 1925. The author wanted to be a journalist and during her time at school, she wrote about al-Qarafa, Cairo's vast cemetery quarter—the beginnings of which go back to the era of the Fatimids and Mamluks. However, after spending a semester break in Luxor and Aswan looking at ruins, statues, and excavations, the author decided that she would major in archaeology and study philosophy and ancient languages as minors. She then began studying Egyptology and archaeology in 1969. Later, she would go on to participate in an excavation in the Great Pyramid of Giza.
In the Belly of the Barque
Authors: Sadik Wafaa EL , Heimlich Rüdiger
Published: September 2017

This chapter recounts the author's participation in the Egyptian excavation site in Tura. The name Tura is notorious in all of Egypt. A few kilometers south of Cairo lies the state prison where political opponents of the regime were tortured and abused, often enough to death. Its inmates were required to labor in the limestone quarries that supplied the nearby cement plant. In the winter of 1977, the cement plant wanted to expand. The new building site extended into the ancient stone quarries. Before the extension could proceed, however, the new site had to be explored for possible archaeological remains and excavations undertaken wherever something looked promising.
The Tough Women of Luxor
Authors: Sadik Wafaa EL , Heimlich Rüdiger
Published: September 2017

This chapter details the author's introduction to a group of American women who wished to finance and undertake an excavation in Karnak. These women include television starlet Diane Smith, painter and art dealer Mary Martin, photographer and writer Audrey Topping, former skeet-shooting champion Betje Carlson, and Gypsy Grave, a director of a private archaeological museum in Florida. They were five power women who had pulled strings to get permission for the first all-female archaeological mission. They set up the private Nile Foundation, for which they collected roughly $100,000 in sponsors' money by way of charity and fundraising events. The concession of the project had been obtained through the American Research Center in Egypt, and the standing committee of the antiquities administration had approved it only with the stipulation that it be strictly scientific.
The Smiles of the Blind
Authors: Sadik Wafaa EL , Heimlich Rüdiger
Published: September 2017

This concluding chapter focuses on the events that happened since the start of the Tahrir Revolution in January 2011. Egypt now have a new president, a new constitution, new parties, and new coalitions. For the first time in their history, Egyptians were allowed to vote, and—no matter which way they voted—they were dissatisfied with the result. The country is politically divided. The only thing that unites people is their dissatisfaction. Indeed, everything is in short supply—most of all patience. The Egyptians took to the streets for bread, freedom, and social justice. Egypt's economic situation also worsened. The author witnessed the exodus of educated young people and the migration of intellectuals to America. Moreover, the literacy rate is sinking lower and lower as children and young people are neglected.
Groundings
Authors: Pressley-Sanon Toni
Published: September 2017

Groundings lays the theoretical and methodological groundwork for Istwa across the Water, defining the key concepts of istwa, tidalectics, and marasa, as well as Istwa across the Water’s orientation from within a Vodou episteme. It also provides an overview of the chapters.
The Changing Same
Authors: Pressley-Sanon Toni
Published: September 2017

“The Changing Same” discusses a story from the oral tradition of Dahomey that Melville Herskovits published in the second volume of Dahomey: An Ancient West African Kingdom (1938) as a source for exploring the history and legacy of the slave trade and slavery. The story may be read in several ways and through Pressley-Sanon’s exploration of its multiple meanings, Istwa across the Water argues that contemporary explorations of such stories from the oral tradition add valuable dimensions to our understanding of the continuities and ruptures that constitute the relationship between Africa and its diaspora.
Of Bociọ, Bo, Cakatú, Zonbi, Nkisi, and Pakèt Kongo
Authors: Pressley-Sanon Toni
Published: September 2017

“Of Bociọ, Bo, Cakatú, Zonbi, Nkisi, and Pakèt Kongos” discusses how the methods and means of socio-political control in the form of several cultural artifacts: bociọ, bo, and cakatú in Dahomey and nkisi in Kôngo resonate in Haiti in the pakèt kongo, and the zonbi. Pressley-Sanon argues that these forms of oral and material culture embody historically significant memories and continue to be useful in disfranchised people’s resistance to contemporary attempts to silence and disfranchise them.
Tidalectical Dishonor
Authors: Pressley-Sanon Toni
Published: September 2017

“Tidalectical Dishonor centers on the lwa Marasa and argues that from a metaphysical standpoint, the twinned relationship between the living and the dead was severely disrupted in the 2010 earthquake. It is up to the living, in collaboration with the dead, to return order to the land as the oral stories from the chapter suggests.
New Kingdom Egyptian Colonialism in Nubia at the Third Cataract
Authors: Buzon Michele R. , Smith Stuart Tyson
Published: September 2017

Buzon and Smith depart from some of the chapters in that they examine the relationship between indigenous groups and “more local” foreign powers that are not European but peoples from Ancient Egypt and Nubia in the Third Cataract of the Nile. They bring together mortuary analysis, strontium isotope indicators of geographic origins, biological affinities, skeletal evidence of traumatic injuries and activity patterns, evidence of nutritional deficiencies, and infectious disease from human remains that date before, during, and after the New Kingdom Egyptian occupation of Upper Nubia at the sites of Tombos and Kerma. They note that culture contact and colonial entanglements can be long-term, spanning many millennia and that the Quincentennial/First Contact models, while valuable, are insufficient to examine the transitions in social, political, and economic relations in these colonial contexts. Using the earlier burials from Kerma as the baseline, Buzon and Smith present a nuanced picture of cultural identity at Tombos during and after Egyptian rule, with evidence for the assertion and subsequent revival of Nubian identity, as well as hybridity and continuity of the Egyptian burial practices that predominated during the colonial period.
Escaping Conquest?
Authors: Klaus Haagen D. , Alvarez-Calderón Rosabella
Published: September 2017

Klaus and Alvarez-Calderón begin to assemble the first regional picture of the consequences of contact and colonialism in Peru’s north coast. With multiple lines of evidence from mortuary archaeology and skeletal markers of health and diet, Klaus and Alvarez-Calderón compare previous work in the Lambayeque town of Mórrope with burials excavated from the ruins of another colonial site at Eten (circa 1535–1750s). They find that the Muchik population of Eten was not only significantly healthier than their neighbors in Mórrope, but they did not develop hybrid mortuary rituals and appear rather Christianized. “Escaping Conquest?” also touches on potential interplays between health, social change, cultural resistance against colonialism, and treatment of the dead, and the diversity of indigenous ethnogenesis in a single Peruvian river valley.
Survival and Abandonment of Indigenous Head-Shaping Practices in Iberian America after European Contact
Authors: Tiesler Vera , Zabala Pilar
Published: September 2017

Tiesler and Zabala synthesize documentary evidence and osteological data to reveal a humanized history of the varied patterns of cultural resilience, adaptation, and elimination of head-shaping practices in Mesoamerica and the Andes. Throughout many regions of the pre-Hispanic Americas, a wide diversity of indigenous body modification practices combined artificial cranial deformation and other practices of identity, status, and gender. Perceived by the Spanish as a non-Western and “uncivilized” practice that was an affront to the new order in corporeal and theological terms, artificial cranial deformation was aggressively targeted for extirpation. Their analysis indicated head shaping was a vital practice of body modification that was assaulted, alienated, and sometimes transformed in creative and unexpected ways eliminated in the various Iberian strongholds of Hispanic America while progressively eliminated in more peripheral settings.
Effects of Colonialism from the Perspective of Craniofacial Variation
Authors: Ribot Isabelle , Morris Alan G. , Renschler Emily S.
Published: September 2017

Ribot, Morris, and Renschler compare two distinct case studies of Africans in order to investigate identity, origin, and population affinity of diasporic populations. In the first case study from Cobern Street in Cape Town, South Africa, the authors integrate stable isotope data and burial data with craniometric variation. In the second case, craniometric data are studied in a sample of Africans from the Morton Collection derived from a group of enslaved people brought to Colonial Cuba. In the Cobern Street setting, they find evidence of both first and second-generation immigrants or imported slaves from sub-Saharan Africa, as well as the possible presence of people of Asian descent (either slaves or immigrants). In contrast with the Cobern Street case study, Ribot and colleagues find high levels of diversity represented in the Morton sample, with some individuals from a single origin within Central, West, or East Africa, some individuals exhibiting multiple possible African origins, and finally, some other individuals exhibiting complex patterns of heterogeneity which may reflect origins and admixture from Asia, Europe, or Mesoamerica.
Hybridity? Change? Continuity? Survival?
Authors: Ortiz Alejandra , Murphy Melissa S. , Toohey Jason , Gaither Catherine
Published: September 2017

Ortiz and co-authors assemble diverse lines of evidence, namely biodistance data, mortuary patterns, ethnobotanical and zooarchaeological data, dress, and adornment from Magdalena de Cao during the Colonial period. They seek to understand the construction, manipulation, and negotiation of identity at this reducción and, although their sample is small, they find that the people from Magdalena were biometrically and morphologically most similar to Spanish comparative samples, rather than pre-Hispanic samples from the Central Andes. They contrast these observations with archaeological data and argue for evidence of material and cultural hybridity as well as the continuity of local beliefs and practices.
Introduction
Authors: Golden Amanda
Published: September 2017

Anne Sexton continues to fascinate readers. Her career is in need of a reassessment that considers the wide range of materials in her archive, her influence on contemporary poetry, and directions for future scholarship. While there have been recent volumes analyzing the poetry of Sexton’s midcentury contemporaries, there have not been comparable considerations of Sexton’s poetry. Several collections of essays were published from the late seventies to the early nineties, but there has not been a book that fully engages the scope of Sexton’s creative and critical legacy. This introduction speaks to the ways that This Business of Words addresses these goals and draws new attention to the material dimensions of Sexton’s life and work.
Anne Sexton’s Photographic Self-Fashioning
Authors: Helle Anita
Published: September 2017

For many readers who have engaged Anne Sexton’s work, her play before the camera in photographs (both still and moving images) is inextricably linked to dynamics of woman’s looked-at-ness and to modes of confessional display. As Sexton’s fame has grown —in her era and in ours—her legacy in photographs has been treated a problem, an issue, an aspect of celebrity to be summarily dismissed (“exhibitionistic”) or selectively disavowed in the interest of a putatively more serious interest in a body of artistic work. This chapter presents an alternative, materially inspired reading of Sexton’s public authorial legend and the photographic references in her writing in which those two bodies—the lyric body and the photographed body—are less comfortably divisible.
From the Podium to the Second Row
Authors: Grobe Christopher
Published: September 2017

“From the Podium to the Second Row” argues that Sexton’s readings deserve to be remembered as performance, at least in this more-than-theatrical sense, and (assured of this caveat) Sexton herself would have argued the point. Poetry readings, in turn, were “a reliving of the experience, that is, they are happening all over again” (No Evil Star 108). So, if what’s “happening” in performance is what’s “happening” in the poem—and if it’s hard to tell the difference between these and what’s happening in real life—well, this, for Sexton, was a mark of her performative success.
“Two Sweet Ladies”
Authors: Trinidad David
Published: September 2017

‘“Two Sweet Ladies”: Anne Sexton and Sylvia Plath’s Friendship and Mutual Influence’ explores the friendship between Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton and their mutual influence on each other’s work. Poems, letters, and journal entries will be used to trace Sexton and Plath’s meeting in Robert Lowell’s poetry workshop at Boston University in 1959, Sexton’s influence on Plath’s Ariel poems, and conversely, Plath’s influence on Sexton’s poetry after her suicide.
The Poet Has Collapsed
Authors: Conway Jeffery
Published: September 2017

“The Poet Has Collapsed” is a sober assessment of Sexton’s later work, specifically the poems written after those included in Transformations. It examines three areas of concern: first, the overuse of particular tropes in The Book of Folly, The Death Notebooks, The Awful Rowing Toward God, and 45 Mercy Street, second, the plethora of failed figurative language and images in those collections, and third, the performative aspect of Sexton’s reading style and public persona in the latter part of her life. It delves into Conway’s fascination with the recordings of Sexton reading her poems, as well as her larger-than-life persona. He explores his own mixed feelings for Sexton’s later work, describing what happens when profound admiration for the poet and the concept of “Bad Anne” collide.
Painting in a State of Exception
Authors: Frank Patrick
Published: September 2017

The four artists who made up the New Figuration movement—Luis Felipe Noé, Jorge de la Vega, Rómulo Macció, and Ernesto Deira—have figured in every relevant textbook and international group show on Latin American modern art, but until now there has been no thorough study of them in English or Spanish. In Painting in a State of Exception, Patrick Frank’s detailed cultural and scholarly analysis of the group's creations unfolds against the backdrop of Argentina at that time, as the artists responded directly and memorably to a chaotic period characterized by civil strife, government instability, and economic shocks, including currency fluctuations. Central to Frank’s study is how the artists’ works relate to political events, literature, popular culture, and films of the early to mid-sixties. With the goal of broadening our view of what modern art comprised in the early 1960s, Frank includes formal analyses of many works, along with discussion of the stylistic and cultural forces that shaped them.
First Group Show and Journey to France, 1961–1962
Authors: Frank Patrick
Published: September 2017

In chapter 2, Frank considers the group's first show, its critical reception, and the artists’ journey to France shortly after the show closed. He compares Nueva Figuración with European engaged styles of figural painting, such as Un art autre, which influenced the group, at first, to name itself “Otra Figuración.” Discussing the political and sociocultural context of Nueva Figuración, Frank closely examines Ernesto Deira's artistic response to anti-Semitism and the trial of Nazi fugitive Adolph Eichmann and goes on to consider Rómulo Macció's response to the State of Siege in his painting Cárcel = Hombre (Prison = Man). He then compares the politically engaged New Figurationists with other contemporaneous Argentine artists, such as Emilio Renart and Ruben Santantonín, whose works make little reference to contemporary life and with Antonio Berni, whose social references are more explicit than those of Nueva Figuración. The chapter closes on discussion of how the group's trip to Paris pushed their styles toward greater expressive freedom.
International Recognition, 1964
Authors: Frank Patrick
Published: September 2017

In chapter 4, Frank traces the changing styles of Noé and Macció. These two won travel awards from the Di Tella Foundation that took them to New York and Paris. Perhaps because of their absence from the disorder of Buenos Aires, the paintings of both artists evolved toward consideration of formal issues, such as the potential of flat color planes and the integrity of the surface of the work. Jorge de la Vega created the important Anamorphic Conflict series, influenced by Italian artist Enrico Baj and a response to conflicts between Argentine military factions. Frank rebuts critic Clement Greenberg’s comments about the provincialism of the Argentinian art world in 1964. (Greenberg had made a trip to Buenos Aires to judge an art competition.) Frank also discusses solo shows by Noé, de la Vega, Macció, and Deira and their participation in important exhibitions in the United States at the Guggenheim Museum and the Walker Art Center.
The London Connection
Authors: Loukopoulou Eleni
Published: September 2017

“The London Connection” draws on the “Book of Days” (1906–1909), Stanislaus Joyce’s unpublished diary from the time he lived together with Joyce in Trieste. This little-studied diary offers valuable evidence of Joyce’s aspirations and strategies to publish and promote Dubliners through London’s literary industry including his plan to move to the city in 1908 and study for an MA degree at the University of London. My close readings of Joyce’s works aim to highlight the historical conditions against which Joyce shaped his stance towards Dublin’s history and culture and its geopolitical entanglement with London, the centre of the British Empire: the ways London is evoked in an epiphany he wrote in Cockney idiom (1900), in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and in Ulysses.