bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compacted tunable split-ring resonators
Authors: Vidiborskiy A. , Koshelets V. P. , Filippenko L. V. , Shitov S. V. , Ustinov A. V.
Published: October 2013

We propose tunable superconducting split-ring resonators (SRRs) employing nonlinear Josephson inductance. A fraction of SRR is replaced by Nb-AlOx-Nb Josephson tunnel junctions connected in parallel and forming a superconducting quantum interference device, whose inductance is sensitive to the external dc magnetic field. Due to the lumped nature of the Josephson inductance, the SRR can be made very compact, and its resonance frequency can be tuned by applying magnetic field. We present the model, results of extensive electromagnetic-simulation and experimental data for the SRR weakly coupled to a transmission line within frequency range of 11–13 GHz.
A wideband acoustic energy harvester using a three degree-of-freedom architecture
Authors: Peng Xiao , Wen Yumei , Li Ping , Yang Aichao , Bai Xiaoling
Published: October 2013

In this study, an acoustic energy harvester consisting of a perforated brass plate sandwiched between two cavities is designed and fabricated for scavenging energy from wide-spectrum acoustic sources. The multi-mode resonances of the device are adjusted closely spaced over a wide range of frequencies by properly tuned acoustic coupling of the vibrating plate and the two cavities. The experimental results show that the proximity of the multiple peaks enables the harvester operating in the frequency range of 1100–1400 Hz, which provides useful leads for the realization of acoustic energy generators of practical interest.
Multi-state current switching by voltage controlled coupling of crossed graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Masum Habib K. M. , Zahid Ferdows , Lake Roger K.
Published: October 2013

The interlayer transport between two semi-infinite crossed graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is governed by the quantum interference between the standing waves of the individual GNRs. An external bias applied between the GNRs controls the wavelength and hence the relative phase of these standing waves. Sweeping the applied bias results in multiple constructive and destructive interference conditions. The oscillatory nature of the voltage controlled interference gives rise to an oscillatory current-voltage response with multiple negative differential resistance regions. The period of oscillation is inversely proportional to the length of the finite ends of the GNRs. Quantum interference is explicitly shown to be the physical mechanism controlling the interlayer current by direct evaluation of the interlayer matrix element using analytical expressions for the wavefunctions.
Bandgap widening in thermochromic Mg-doped VO2 thin films: Quantitative data based on optical absorption
Authors: Li Shu-Yi , Mlyuka Nuru R. , Primetzhofer Daniel , Hallén Anders , Possnert Göran , Niklasson Gunnar A. , Granqvist Claes G.
Published: October 2013

Thermochromic Mg-doped VO2 films were deposited by reactive direct current magnetron sputtering onto heated glass and carbon substrates. Elemental compositions were inferred from Rutherford backscattering. Optical bandgaps were obtained from spectral transmittance and reflectance measurements—from both the film side and the back side of the samples—and ensuing determination of absorption coefficients. The bandgap of Mg-doped films was found to increase by 3.9 ± 0.5 eV per unit of atom ratio Mg/(Mg + V) for 0 < Mg/(Mg + V) < 0.21. The presence of ∼0.45 at. % Si enhanced the bandgap even more.
Graphene disk as an ultra compact ring resonator based on edge propagating plasmons
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yang Junzhong , Fu Xiuli , Zhang Mei
Published: October 2013

We report a plasmonic structure consisting of a graphene ribbon and a graphene disk. The plasmonic structure can work as a promising waveguide-ring resonator in ultra compact devices, in which the ribbon and the disk support different surface plasmons. We prove that disk's resonant modes are edge propagating surface plasmons. Strong optical coupling between the ribbon and the disk occurs when the momentum mismatch between plasmons in the ribbon and plasmons in the disk is weak. We also investigate the dependence of the optical coupling on the distances between the ribbon and the disk in parallel and vertical directions.
Improvement in the hydrogen desorption from MgH2 upon transition metals doping: A hybrid density functional calculations
Authors: Hussain Tanveer , Maark Tuhina Adit , Pathak Biswarup , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: October 2013

This study deals with the investigations of structural, electronic and thermodynamic properties of MgH2 doped with selected transition metals (TMs) by means of hybrid density functional theory (PBE0). On the structural side, the calculated lattice parameters and equilibrium volumes increase in case of Sc, Zr and Y opposite to all the other dopants indicating volumetrically increased hydrogen density. Except Fe, all the dopants improve the kinetics of MgH2 by reducing the heat of adsorption with Cu, Nb, Ni and V proving more efficient than others studied TM’s. The electronic properties have been studied by density of states and correlated with hydrogen adsorption energies.
Analysis of metamaterial absorber in normal and oblique incidence by using interference theory
Authors: Wanghuang Tenglong , Chen Weijian , Huang Yongjun , Wen Guangjun
Published: October 2013

Metamaterial absorber (MMA), which is a kind of thin electromagnetic absorber consisting of sub-wavelength metamaterial resonators and can exhibit near-perfect absorption characteristics, has been widely investigated in recently years. The impedance matching theory was proposed to analyze the configuration of MMA in most literatures. Such theory, however, may not suitable to analyze the interactions of metamaterial resonators and the ground plane. The interference theory, on another hand, can play effective approach for this kind of problem presented in recent studies, whereas little attention has been paid on the oblique incidence conditions. In this paper, we firstly extend the interference theory model to make it applicable for oblique incident waves and analyze MMA using the extended interference theory model. Secondly, we further explore the sufficient condition for the maximum absorptivity at both normal and oblique incidence cases. Thirdly, with the sufficient condition, we can obtain the absorbing frequency directly if the thickness of MMA is given. These theoretical results have significant effects on the design and analyze of MMA. And lastly, we point out that absorptivity is not absolutely insensitive to the incidence angle in TM mode as what previous study claims, but insensitive when the dielectric slab is high loss, which can also be explained by interference theory.
A new type of artificial structure to achieve broadband omnidirectional acoustic absorption
Authors: Zheng Li-Yang , Wu Ying , Zhang Xiao-Liu , Ni Xu , Chen Ze-Guo , Lu Ming-Hui , Chen Yan-Feng
Published: October 2013

We present a design for a two-dimensional omnidirectional acoustic absorber that can achieve 98.6% absorption of acoustic waves in water, forming an effective acoustic black hole. This artificial black hole consists of an absorptive core coated with layers of periodically distributed polymer cylinders embedded in water. Effective medium theory describes the response of the coating layers to the acoustic waves. The polymer parameters can be adjusted, allowing practical fabrication of the absorber. Since the proposed structure does not rely on resonances, it is applicable to broad bandwidths. The design might be extended to a variety of applications.
Sandwich Estimation for Multi-Unit Reporting on a Stratified Heterogeneous Surface
Authors: Wang Jin-Feng , Haining Robert , Liu Tie-Jun , Li Lian-Fa , Jiang Cheng-Sheng
Published: October 2013

Spatial sampling is widely used in environmental and social research. In this paper we consider the situation where instead of a single global estimate of the mean of an attribute for an area, estimates are required for each of many geographically defined reporting units (such as counties or grid cells) because their means cannot be assumed to be the same as the global figure. Not only may survey costs greatly increase if sample size has to be a function of the number of reporting units, estimator sampling error tends to be large if the population attribute of each reporting unit can be estimated by using only those samples actually lying inside the unit itself. This study proposes a computationally simple approach to multi-unit reporting by using analysis of variance and incorporating ‘twice-stratified’ statistics. We assume that, although the area is heterogeneous (the mean varies across the area), it can be zoned (or stratified) into homogeneous subareas (the mean is constant within each subarea) and, in addition, that it is possible to acquire prior knowledge about this partition. This zoning of the study area is independent of the reporting units. The zone estimates are transferred to the reporting units. We call the methodology sandwich estimation and we report two contrasting empirical studies to demonstrate the application of the methodology and to compare its performance against some other existing methods for tackling this problem. Our study shows that sandwich estimation performs well against two other frequently used, probabilistic, model-based approaches to multi-unit reporting on stratified heterogeneous surfaces whilst having the advantage of computational simplicity. We suggest those situations where sandwich estimation might be expected to do well.
Siting Prisons, Sighting Communities: Geographies of Objection in a Planning Process
Authors: Armstrong Sarah
Published: October 2013

This paper reviews the planning process for a Scottish prison located near a former mining village. Analysing the letters of objection submitted by residents offers an opportunity to explore local views about prison and community and to relate these to the unique social and spatial history of the area. The planning process itself structured how residents were able to express themselves and defined what counted as a relevant objection. After deconstructing this process, the paper then restores and uses as a framework for analysis three geographies of objection stripped from local responses to the development proposal: The emotional, temporal, and spatial. Emotional expressions of objection added intensity and gave meaning to claims about the historical decline of the region and also conveyed a deep sense of the proposed building site as a lived space. Particular grounds of opposition—over fear of strangers, the fragility of a local orchid, and the pollution from mining—provide an opportunity to explore the complex nature of place meaning and community identity, ultimately leading to a conclusion that the meaning of place is always in flux. The paper argues that Simmel's classic concept of the stranger, as the outsider who comes to stay, offers a useful analytic in understanding how the quality of proximal remoteness that prisons and other unwanted developments constitute participates in a constantly evolving sense of the local.
Stakeholders' Preferences and Adaptive Behaviour in Retail-Location Choice Decisions
Authors: Janssen Ingrid , Borgers Aloys , Timmermans Harry
Published: October 2013

The changing role of urban planning in the Netherlands from regulatory to public–private development planning implies the need to gain insight into multistakeholder decision making in a spatial planning context. In this paper we show the importance of unravelling influence structures that affect individual stakeholder decisions. For this purpose we looked at the Dutch retail planning context, where recently the responsibility for planning decisions has been deputed to local governments and peripheral retail planning restrictions have been relaxed. As a result, at present, local governments, real-estate developers, and retail firms jointly decide on the location of new retail facilities. It is assumed that each stakeholder's attitude towards peripheral retail planning is influenced by the preference structures of other stakeholders and may reflect their professional background. We focus on adaptive behaviour, the phenomenon that a decision maker adjusts his or her preferences towards specific preferences of other stakeholders in order to move to consensus. We provide a method for measuring this adaptive behaviour, based on existing random utility choice modelling techniques. To assess preferences of stakeholders for peripheral retail planning options as well as their adaptive behaviour, three groups of stakeholders (real-estate developers, retail organizations, and local governments) were invited to take part in a web-based conjoint choice experiment. It was found that all stakeholders show rather conservative behaviour regarding peripheral retail development, especially with respect to fashion. Adaptive behaviour appeared to be cooperative and significant: Stakeholders tend to (temporarily) increase preferences for alternative plans preferred by the other stakeholders. Developers appeared to be the most adaptive in their decision behaviour. Taking into consideration adaptive behaviour may help to improve existing multistakeholder decision models.
A Recursive Spatial Equilibrium Model for Planning Large-Scale Urban Change
Authors: Jin Ying , Echenique Marcial , Hargreaves Anthony
Published: October 2013

This paper presents a recursive spatial equilibrium model for urban activity location and travel choices in large city regions that anticipate major development or restructuring. In the model, producer and consumer choices that adjust quickly to stimuli reach temporary equilibria subject to recursively updated activity churn, background trends, estate development, and transport supply. The city region's performance at each time horizon affects the recursive variables for the next. The model builds on field leaders of urban general equilibrium, spatial interaction, and nonequilibrium dynamic models, and offers theoretical and practical improvements in order to fill an important gap in long-range urban forecasting. Linking the equilibrium and nonequilibrium models enables the simulation of path dependence in urban evolution trajectories that neither could produce in isolation. At the same time the model provides quantification of impacts of different policy interventions on a consistent basis for a given time horizon. The model is tested on the main archetypal urban development strategies for large-scale development and restructuring.
Multidisciplinary ecological assessment of the Alcantara River (Sicily, Italy) using bioindicators
Authors: Guglielmo L. , Azzaro F. , Baviera C. , Bergamasco A. , Bissett S. N. , Brugnano C. , Caruso G. , Decembrini F. , Garey A. L. , Granata A. , Gugliandolo C. , Lentini V. , Lo Gullo M. A. , Maugeri T. L. , Pansera M. , Raimondo F. , Rodriguez Valdes L. P. , Smock L. A. , Spanò A. , Trifilò P. , Vick J. K. , Young D. R. , Zagami G. , Zinnert J. C. , Minutoli R.
Published: October 2013

This study was developed within the framework of a broad international project, ‘Ecological water quality assessment of the Alcantara (Italy), James (USA) and Guadalfeo (Spain) rivers using bioindicators’, established by the Center for Integrative Mediterranean Studies (CIMS), a collaborative research centre consisting of the University of Messina – Italy, Virginia Commonwealth University – USA, and the University of Cordoba – Spain. The primary objective of the study was the validation of a multi-disciplinary ecological approach at different taxonomic levels for biomonitoring of the Alcantara River (Sicily, Italy) using bioindicators. This study examined the primary physical, chemical and biological features of the river through an interdisciplinary and synoptic approach using bioindicators that included riparian plant physiology, the microbial, zooplanktonic and macroinvertebrate assemblages, Coleoptera (Insecta) and river hydrology. Sampling of the river and riparian areas was conducted at sites from the river’s headwaters to the mouth. The study provided information on the ecological status of the Alcantara River along its course and tested the use of a variety of bioindicators, rather than a single biotic or physicalattribute, to determine the river’s health.
Diversity of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa
Authors: Ballot Andreas , Sandvik Morten , Rundberget Thomas , Botha Christo J. , Miles Christopher O.
Published: October 2013

The South African Hartbeespoort Dam is known for the occurrence of heavy Microcystis blooms. Although a few other cyanobacterial genera have been described, no detailed study on those cyanobacteria and their potential toxin production has been conducted. The diversity of cyanobacterial species and toxins is most probably underestimated. To ascertain the cyanobacterial composition and presence of cyanobacterial toxins in Hartbeespoort Dam, water samples were collected in April 2011. In a polyphasic approach, 27 isolated cyanobacterial strains were classified morphologically and phylogenetically and tested for microcystins (MCs), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), saxitoxins (STXs) and anatoxin-a (ATX) by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and screened for toxin-encoding gene fragments. The isolated strains were identified as Sphaerospermopsis reniformis, Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides, Cylindrospermopsis curvispora, Raphidiopsis curvata, Raphidiopsis mediterrranea and Microcystis aeruginosa. Only one of the Microcystis strains (AB2011/53) produced microcystins (35 variants). Forty-one microcystin variants were detected in the environmental sample from Hartbeespoort Dam, suggesting the existence of other microcystin producing strains in Hartbeespoort Dam. All investigated strains tested negative for CYN, STXs and ATX and their encoding genes. The mcyE gene of the microcystin gene cluster was found in the microcystin-producing Microcystis strain AB2011/53 and in eight non-microcystin-producing Microcystis strains, indicating that mcyE is not a good surrogate for microcystin production in environmental samples.
Mothers’ perceptions of primary health-care providers: thematic analysis of responses to open-ended survey questions
Authors: Corr L. , Rowe H. , Fisher J.
Published: October 2013

General practitioners and maternal, child and family health nurses have a central role in postpartum primary health care for women and their infants. Positive client-provider relationships are particularly important for women experiencing mental health problems or unsettled infant behaviour. However, little is known about their experiences of postnatal primary health care. The study aimed to describe views of postnatal primary health care among women completing a residential early parenting programme and to identify potential strategies to enhance provider-patient interactions. Participants (n = 138) were women admitted with their infants to a private or a public early parenting service in Melbourne, Australia. Women completed a detailed self-report survey, including open-ended questions about experiences of primary health-care services, and a structured psychiatric interview to diagnose anxiety and depression. Survey responses were analysed thematically. Womens’ experiences of primary health care were influenced by their perceptions of provider competence and the quality of interactions. While similar positive characteristics of doctor and nurse care were valued, medical and nursing practices were judged in different ways. Women described GPs who listened, understood and were thorough as providing good care, and maternal, child and family health nurses were valued for providing support, advice and encouragement. Threats to therapeutic relationships with doctors included feeling rushed during consultations, believing that GPs were not mental health-care providers and the clinician not being ‘good’ with the infant; with nurses, problems included feeling judged or given advice that was inconsistent or lacked an evidence-base. Postpartum primary health care will be improved by unhurried consultations, empathic recognition, encouragement, evidence-informed guidance and absence of criticism.
AgedCare+GP: description and evaluation of an in-house model of general practice in a residential aged-care facility
Authors: Pain Tilley , Stainkey Lesley , Chapman Sue
Published: October 2013

This paper describes a medical model to provide in-house GP services to residents of aged-care facilities. Access to GP services for aged-care residents is decreasing, partially due to the changing demographic of the Australian GP workforce. The model we have developed is an in-house GP (AgedCare+GP) trialled in a publicly funded residential aged-care facility (RACF). The service model was based on the GP cooperative used in our after-hours general practice (AfterHours+GP). Briefly, the service model involves rostering a core group of GPs to provide weekly sessional clinics at the RACF. Financial contributions from appropriate Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) items for aged-care planning (including chronic conditions) provided adequate funds to operate the clinic for RACF residents. Evaluation of the service model used the number of resident transfers to the local emergency department as the primary outcome measure. There were 37 transfers of residents in the 3 months before the commencement of the AgedCare+GP and 11 transfers over a 3-month period at the end of the first year of operation; a reduction of almost 70%. This project demonstrates that AgedCare+GP is a successful model for GP service provision to RACF residents, and it also reduces the number of emergency department transfers.
Audit of referral pathways in the diagnosis of lung cancer: a pilot study
Authors: Largey Geraldine , Chakraborty Samantha , Tobias Tracey , Briggs Peter , Mazza Danielle
Published: October 2013

This pilot study sought to describe the diagnostic pathways for patients with lung cancer and explore the feasibility of a medical record audit for this purpose. An audit of 25 medical records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer was conducted, at a single outer metropolitan hospital in Victoria. Patients were presented to secondary care from general practice (n = 17, 68%), the emergency department (n = 3, 12%) or specialist rooms (n = 1, 4%). Those who journeyed through general practice experienced the longest median intervals to diagnosis (20 days, interquartile range 7–47). The majority of patients (n = 15, 60%) were referred by a specialist to a multidisciplinary team after a diagnosis had been confirmed but before treatment commenced. These patients waited a median of 20 days from their first specialist appointment to a multidisciplinary team appointment. This research illustrated that a variety of pathways to diagnosis exist. Critically, it requires patient data and additional auditing of primary, public and private health sector records to determine generalisability of findings and the effectiveness of a medical record audit as a data collection tool.
Bone morphogenetic protein-9 inhibits lymphatic vessel formation via activin receptor-like kinase 1 during development and cancer progression
Authors: Yoshimatsu Yasuhiro , Lee Yulia G. , Akatsu Yuichi , Taguchi Luna , Suzuki Hiroshi I. , Cunha Sara I. , Maruyama Kazuichi , Suzuki Yuka , Yamazaki Tomoko , Katsura Akihiro , Oh S. Paul , Zimmers Teresa A. , Lee Se-Jin , Pietras Kristian , Koh Gou Young , Miyazono Kohei , Watabe Tetsuro
Published: October 2013

Significance

Because lymphatic vessels (LVs) play critical roles not only in physiological processes such as maintenance of fluid homeostasis but also in pathological conditions including cancer metastasis, identification of factors that control LV formation is crucial. Signals mediated by activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK-1), a receptor for bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9), have been implicated in the formation of blood vessels because of its linkage to a human vascular disease. However, their roles in LV formation largely remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that BMP-9/ALK-1 signals inhibit LV formation in physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, we elucidated its molecular mechanisms in detail, using both in vivo and in vitro systems. These findings will help develop therapeutic strategies for LV-related diseases such as lymphedema and cancer.
Fast structural responses of gap junction membrane domains to AB5 toxins
Authors: Majoul Irina V. , Gao Liang , Betzig Eric , Onichtchouk Daria , Butkevich Eugenia , Kozlov Yuri , Bukauskas Feliksas , Bennett Michael V. L. , Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer , Duden Rainer
Published: October 2013

Significance

We used 3D Bessel beam plane illumination and spinning disk microscopy to reveal fast structural changes in the architecture of gap junctions (GJs). Previously, GJ plaques were considered relatively stable structures. We demonstrate extremely rapid remodeling of proteins and lipids within GJ plaques in response to bacterial toxin exposure. Connexin channels within GJ plaques undergo dramatic rearrangements that lead to increased connexin packing and lipid reorganization. These changes likely reflect lipid-phase separation events in the biological membrane. Toxin-induced connexin reorganization depends on lipids and is little modified by membrane–cytoskeletal interactions. We suggest that fast GJ changes upon toxin exposure reveal an early-response system of cells and that GJ plaques are much more dynamic structures than previously recognized.
Prospects for Fishery-Induced Collapse of Invasive Asian Carp in the Illinois River
Authors: Tsehaye Iyob , Catalano Matthew , Sass Greg , Glover David , Roth Brian
Published: October 2013

Invasive Asian Carp are threatening to enter Lake Michigan through the Chicago Area Waterway System, with potentially serious consequences for Great Lakes food webs. Alongside efforts to keep these fishes from entering Lake Michigan with electric barriers, the state of Illinois initiated a fishing program aimed at reducing their densities through intensive commercial exploitation on the Illinois River. In this study, we explore prospects for the “collapse” of Asian Carp in the Illinois River through intensive fishing. Based on a meta-analysis of demographic data, we developed a dynamic simulation model to compare the performance of existing and alternative removal strategies for the Illinois River. Our model projections suggest that Asian Carp in the Illinois River are unlikely to collapse if existing harvest rates are kept below 0.7 or fishing continues to be size selective (targeting only fish >500 mm or <500 mm) or species selective (targeting mostly Bighead Carp), although their biomasses could be greatly reduced. We argue that it would still be possible to achieve fishing effort targets predicted by our model to collapse the Asian Carp populations if efforts to expand commercial fishing are combined with economic incentives to improve size selectivity and species targeting.

RESUMEN

La carpa asiática amenaza con invadir el Lago Michigan a través del sistema de vías acuáticas del área de Chicago, lo cual podría acarrear serias consecuencias en las tramas tróficas de los grandes lagos. Además de los esfuerzos llevados a cabo para impedir el ingreso de estos peces al Lago Michigan mediante barreras eléctricas, el estado de Illinois ha iniciado un programa de pesca en el Río Illinois, cuya finalidad es reducir la densidad poblacional a través de una pesca comercial intensiva. En este estudio se exploran los prospectos de un colapso de la carpa asiática por medio de un régimen de pesca intensiva. Sobre la base de un meta-análisis de datos demográficos, se desarrolla un modelo de simulación dinámica para comparar el desempeño de estrategias de explotación tanto reales como alternativas para el Río Illinois. Las proyecciones del modelo sugieren que, de mantenerse las tasas de captura por debajo de 0.7 o si la pesca continua siendo selectiva a tallas (dirigiéndose a peces >500 mm o <500 mm) o a especies (carpa cabezona), entonces es poco probable colapsar la carpa asiática en el Río Illinois, aunque la biomasa se puede reducir considerablemente. Se argumenta que, pese a lo anterior, es posible lograr el nivel de esfuerzo pesquero predicho por el modelo, necesario para colapsar las poblaciones de la carpa asiática, si la pesca comercial se expande y se combina con incentivos económicos con tal de mejorar la selectividad a la talla y a las especies objetivo.
Forming a Partnership to Avoid Bycatch
Authors: O'Keefe Catherine E , DeCelles Gregory R
Published: October 2013

Bycatch of Yellowtail Flounder in the U.S. Sea Scallop Fishery is a constraint to achieving optimum yield of scallops. Between 2000 and 2009, in-season bycatch closures of prime scallop grounds resulted in economic losses over US$100 million. To address this constraint, we collaborated with the scallop fishing industry to implement a bycatch avoidance program in the Nantucket Lightship harvest area in 2010. Vessels shared near real-time location information about bycatch amounts during fishing activities. We compiled the information, identified bycatch hotspots, and provided daily advisories to vessels on the fishing grounds. Catch per tow of Yellowtail and fishing effort in high bycatch regions significantly declined after the fleet received the advisories. The fleet harvested the target scallop allocation worth US$40 million while catching only 32% of the Yellowtail bycatch limit. This program continues as a collaborative, iterative approach to bycatch reduction that balances fleet objectives with conservation constraints.

RESUMEN

En los EE.UU., la captura incidental de la platija amarilla es una limitante para que la pesquería de almeja alcance la captura óptima. Entre 2000 y 2009, las vedas estacionales de captura incidental en las áreas de pesca de la almeja produjeron pérdidas económicas por encima de los 100 millones de dólares. Con el fin de estudiar esta limitante, en 2010 se puso en marcha una colaboración con la industria pesquera de almeja para implementar un programa de evasión de la captura incidental en la zona de pesca de Nantucket Lightship. Las embarcaciones compartían, en tiempo real, la localización de regiones y volúmenes de captura incidental obtenidos durante las actividades de pesca. Se compiló la información, se identificaron las zonas clave de captura incidental y se brindaron asesorías diarias a las embarcaciones en las áreas de pesca. Tanto la captura por arrastre de la platija como el esfuerzo pesquero en regiones de alta captura incidental, se redujeron sustancialmente después de que las embarcaciones recibieran la asesoría. La captura de almejas en sitios selectos representó una ganancia de 40 millones de dólares, a la vez que se alcanzaba sólo el 32% del límite de captura incidental de la platija. Este programa continua como un enfoque colaborativo e iterativo para reducir la captura incidental de forma tal que se tienda a un balance entre los objetivos de la flota y las limitaciones que impone la conservación.
Smartphones and Digital Tablets: Emerging Tools for Fisheries Professionals
Authors: Gutowsky Lee F G , Gobin Jenilee , Burnett Nicholas J , Chapman Jacqueline M , Stoot Lauren J , Bliss Shireen
Published: October 2013

Smartphones and digital tablets are used to collect data for agricultural, geographical, and medical research. Science professionals find these devices attractive because they contain many useful hardware accessories (e.g., camera, Global Positioning System [GPS], accelerometer) and the capacity to access and customize software applications (apps). To enhance student learning, some educators are also integrating tablets into curricula for both indoor and outdoor course work. Recently, fisheries professionals have begun using these devices for data collection and public outreach and awareness. With new waterproofing technology, cases, and peripheral adapters, smartphones and digital tablets are continually becoming more relevant for data collection and education in fisheries. Here, we synthesize some of the available information on smartphone and tablet use for data collection and education and explore some current uses and future opportunities for these devices in fisheries. Overall, our objective is to demonstrate that smartphones and digital tablets are useful tools for fisheries professionals, including technicians, managers, and educators.

RESUMEN

Los teléfonos inteligentes y las tabletas digitales se utilizan para colectar datos geográficos, de agricultura y de investigaciones médicas. Los profesionales de la ciencia encuentran atractivos estos dispositivos porque contienen accesorios útiles de hardware (p.e. cámaras, sistemas de posicionamiento geográfico –GPS-, acelerómetros, etc.) y además son capaces de brindar acceso y configurar aplicaciones de software (apps). Con el fin de mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, algunos educadores están integrando las tabletas digitales en las matrículas tanto dentro como fuera de los salones de clases. Recientemente, los profesionales de las pesquerías han comenzado a usar estos dispositivos para colectar datos, para difusión y concientización. Con nueva tecnología submarina, cubiertas y adaptadores periféricos, los teléfonos inteligentes y las tabletas digitales están volviéndose cada vez más relevantes para educación y para colectar datos pesqueros. En este estudio se resume parte de la información disponible en lo tocante al uso de teléfonos inteligentes y tabletas digitales con fines educativos y de recolecta de datos. También se exploran algunos usos actuales y oportunidades futuras que guardan estos dispositivos para la ciencia pesquera. El principal objetivo es demostrar que los teléfonos inteligentes y las tabletas digitales son herramientas útiles para los profesionales de las pesquerías, incluyendo técnicos, manejadores y educadores.
Paenirhodobacter enshiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a non-photosynthetic bacterium isolated from soil, and emended descriptions of the genera Rhodobacter and Haematobacter
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Hongliang , Zheng Shixue , Wang Gejiao
Published: October 2013

A Gram-reaction-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-photosynthetic bacterial strain, DW2-9T, was isolated from soil. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were found to

Rhodobacter capsulatus

ATCC 11166T (97.1 %),

Rhodobacter viridis

JA737T (96.4 %),

Rhodobacter maris

JA276T (96.2 %),

Rhodobacter veldkampii

ATCC 35703T (96.0 %),

Haematobacter massiliensis

CCUG 47968T (96.0 %),

Haematobacter missouriensis

CCUG 52307T (95.9 %) and

Rhodobacter aestuarii

JA296T (95.7 %). The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.2 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and summed feature 3 (one or more of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω6c and C16 : 1ω7c). However, unlike species of the genus

Rhodobacter

, strain DW2-9T neither formed internal photosynthetic membranes nor produced photosynthetic pigments. DNA–DNA hybridization between strain DW2-9T and

R. capsulatus

JCM 21090T showed a relatedness of 33 %. Strain DW2-9T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown aminophospholipid as major polar lipids, which differed from those of species of the genera

Rhodobacter

and

Haematobacter

. In addition to the differences in phylogenetic position and polar lipid types, strain DW2-9T could be distinguished from species of the genus

Haematobacter

by the cultivation conditions. On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strain DW2-9T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Paenirhodobacter enshiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Paenirhodobacter enshiensis is DW2-9T ( = CCTCC AB 2011145T = KCTC 15169T). Emended descriptions of the genera

Rhodobacter

and

Haematobacter

are also proposed.
Co-selection may explain high rates of ciprofloxacin non-susceptible Escherichia coli from retail poultry reared without prior fluoroquinolone exposure
Authors: Ingram Paul Robert , Rogers Benjamin A. , Sidjabat Hanna E. , Gibson Justine S. , Inglis Timothy J. J.
Published: October 2013

Australia has never permitted fluoroquinolone use in food-producing animals. We examined local retail poultry for contamination with fluoroquinolone non-susceptible Escherichia coli, then explored the hypothesis that their presence may be due to co-selection of resistance determinants. Between August and November 2010, samples from 30 locally produced, uncooked retail poultry carcasses from four different processing centres underwent selective enrichment culture for ciprofloxacin non-susceptible E. coli. Their chromosomal- and plasmid-mediated resistance determinants were characterized, and phylogenetic analysis and transformation experiments were performed. Unexpectedly, we found nine (30 %) of our small collection of poultry samples carried fluoroquinolone non-susceptible E. coli of which nearly half possessed aac(6')-Ib-cr, a novel plasmid-mediated gene encoding an aminoglycoside acetylating enzyme that also confers fluoroquinolone resistance. All nine isolates were co-resistant to amoxicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole – all antibiotic classes that are registered for use in poultry reared for food production within Australia. Their unique phylogenetic relatedness suggested clonal dissemination driven by non-fluoroquinolone selective pressures. aac(6')-Ib-cr was successfully transformed and selected for using non-fluoroquinolone antibiotic pressure. Vertical and perhaps horizontal co-selection may be contributing to the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in poultry and could play a similar role in the human setting. This suggests that preservation of the usefulness of fluoroquinolones may require more than just restriction of their use in isolation from other interventions.
LIN28B promotes growth and tumorigenesis of the intestinal epithelium via Let-7
Authors: Madison Blair B. , Liu Qi , Zhong Xue , Hahn Christopher M. , Lin Nan , Emmett Matthew J. , Stanger Ben Z. , Lee Ju-Seog , Rustgi Anil K.
Published: October 2013

The RNA-binding proteins LIN28A and LIN28B have diverse functions in embryonic stem cells, cellular reprogramming, growth, and oncogenesis. Many of these effects occur via direct inhibition of Let-7 microRNAs (miRNAs), although Let-7-independent effects have been surmised. We report that intestine targeted expression of LIN28B causes intestinal hypertrophy, crypt expansion, and Paneth cell loss. Furthermore, LIN28B fosters intestinal polyp and adenocarcinoma formation. To examine potential Let-7-independent functions of LIN28B, we pursued ribonucleoprotein cross-linking, immunoprecipitation, and high-throughput sequencing (CLIP-seq) to identify direct RNA targets. This revealed that LIN28B bound a substantial number of mRNAs and modestly augmented protein levels of these target mRNAs in vivo. Conversely, Let-7 had a profound effect; modulation of Let-7 levels via deletion of the mirLet7c2/mirLet7b genes recapitulated effects of Lin28b overexpression. Furthermore, intestine-specific Let-7 expression could reverse hypertrophy and Paneth cell depletion caused by Lin28b. This was independent of effects on insulin–PI3K–mTOR signaling. Our study reveals that Let-7 miRNAs are critical for repressing intestinal tissue growth and promoting Paneth cell differentiation. Let-7-dependent effects of LIN28B may supersede Let-7-independent effects on intestinal tissue growth. In summary, LIN28B can definitively act as an oncogene in the absence of canonical genetic alterations.
Epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity in carcinoma metastasis
Authors: Tsai Jeff H. , Yang Jing
Published: October 2013

Tumor metastasis is a multistep process by which tumor cells disseminate from their primary site and form secondary tumors at a distant site. Metastasis occurs through a series of steps: local invasion, intravasation, transport, extravasation, and colonization. A developmental program termed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to play a critical role in promoting metastasis in epithelium-derived carcinoma. Recent experimental and clinical studies have improved our knowledge of this dynamic program and implicated EMT and its reverse program, mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET), in the metastatic process. Here, we review the functional requirement of EMT and/or MET during the individual steps of tumor metastasis and discuss the potential of targeting this program when treating metastatic diseases.
Rapid Ammonia Gas Transport Accounts for Futile Transmembrane Cycling under NH3/NH4
+ Toxicity in Plant Roots
Authors: Coskun Devrim , Britto Dev T. , Li Mingyuan , Becker Alexander , Kronzucker Herbert J.
Published: October 2013

Futile transmembrane NH3/NH4  + cycling in plant root cells, characterized by extremely rapid fluxes and high efflux to influx ratios, has been successfully linked to NH3/NH4  + toxicity. Surprisingly, the fundamental question of which species of the conjugate pair (NH3 or NH4  +) participates in such fluxes is unresolved. Using flux analyses with the short-lived radioisotope 13N and electrophysiological, respiratory, and histochemical measurements, we show that futile cycling in roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings is predominately of the gaseous NH3 species, rather than the NH4  + ion. Influx of 13NH3/13NH4  +, which exceeded 200 µmol g–1 h–1, was not commensurate with membrane depolarization or increases in root respiration, suggesting electroneutral NH3 transport. Influx followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics for NH3 (but not NH4  +), as a function of external concentration (K  m = 152 µm, V  max = 205 µmol g–1 h–1). Efflux of 13NH3/13NH4  + responded with a nearly identical K  m. Pharmacological characterization of influx and efflux suggests mediation by aquaporins. Our study fundamentally revises the futile-cycling model by demonstrating that NH3 is the major permeating species across both plasmalemma and tonoplast of root cells under toxicity conditions.
A new polymorph ofN-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)mesitylenesulfonamide
Authors: Pan Fangfang , Englert Ulli
Published: October 2013

A new polymorph is reported of the pharmaceutically active sulfapyridine derivative,N-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)mesitylenesulfonamide, in the zwitterionic form 2-methyl-6-{[(2,4,6-trimethylbenzene)sulfonyl]azanidyl}pyridin-1-ium, C15H18N2O2S. The observed dimorphism is solvent dependent. The phase described previously [Beloso, Castro, García-Vázquez, Pérez-Lourido, Romero & Sousa (2003).Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem.629, 275–284] crystallizes from ethanol and several other organic solvents, whereas the new form described here is obtained as a phase-pure product from methanol. The molecules in both dimorphic phases are very similar and adopt the conformation which is also predicted for an individual molecule by force field calculations. However, the two forms differ in their packing and hydrogen bonding. Results from solvent-assisted grinding indicate that the new form is less stable than the previously published phase.
Bis[4-amino-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamido]diamminecopper(II): aqua or ammine ligands?
Authors: Pan Fangfang , Kalf Irmgard , Englert Ulli
Published: October 2013

Diffraction results obtained at 100 and 291 K, the former at high resolution, are reported for the title compound, [Cu(C10H9N4O2S)2(NH3)2] or [Cu(sulfa)2(NH3)2] [Hsulfa is 4-amino-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide]. The CuIIcation is coordinated by two N-atom donors from a bidentate sulfa ligand, by two ammonia molecules in the equatorial plane and by a monohapto (η1) sulfadiazine at the apex of a distorted square pyramid. The present interpretation and two earlier reports [Brown, Cook & Sengier (1987).Acta Cryst.C43, 2332–2334; Tommasino, Renaud, Luneau & Pilet (2011).Polyhedron,30, 1663–1670] disagree about the nature and geometry of the ligands. The relationship between the present result and the former is discussed, and evidence is provided that the latter erroneously assigned an ammine as an aqua ligand.
Enantiotropically related polymorphs of gaboxadol hydrochloride
Authors: Lopez de Diego Heidi , Koradia Vishal , Bond Andrew D.
Published: October 2013

Gaboxadol hydrochloride, also known as THIP hydrochloride (systematic name: 3-hydroxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2-oxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-6-ium chloride), C6H9N2O2+·Cl−, exists as two enantiotropically related polymorphs. Transformation between the polymorphs occurs in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal manner at 221 K, and the enthalpy of transformation from the high-temperature form to the low-temperature form is −0.7 kJ mol−1. Single-crystal structures have been determined at 298 and 220 K. At 298 K, the structure is triclinic (space groupP\overline{1}), with two formula units in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. At 220 K, the structure is monoclinic (space groupI2/a), with one formula unit in the asymmetric unit. The structures contain identical hydrogen-bonded layers and the transformation between the polymorphs corresponds to a shift of adjacent layers relative to each other. The transformation is shown to be reversible by differential scanning calorimetry and variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction.
MYb(BH4)4(M= K, Na) from laboratory X-ray powder data
Authors: Wegner Wojciech , Jaroń Tomasz , Grochala Wojciech
Published: October 2013

Two new borohydrides, potassium ytterbium tetraborohydride, KYb(BH4)4, and sodium ytterbium tetraborohydride, NaYb(BH4)4, have been synthesizedviamechanochemical reactions in the solid state. The two compounds are isostructural and both crystallize in theCmcmspace group in the structure reported previously for NaSc(BH4)4and KY(BH4)4. This crystal structure is composed of isolated homoleptic [Yb(BH4)4]−anions surrounded byM+cations (M = Na, K). The packing of theM+cations and [Yb(BH4)4]−anions is a distorted variant of the hexagonal NiAs structure type, withM+forming distorted trigonal prisms,i.e.M6. Each second prism surrounds a [Yb(BH4)4]−anion, while the [Yb(BH4)4]−anions are arranged into deformed octahedra around theM+cations.
Model morphing and sequence assignment after molecular replacement
Authors: Terwilliger Thomas C. , Read Randy J. , Adams Paul D. , Brunger Axel T. , Afonine Pavel V. , Hung Li-Wei
Published: October 2013

A procedure termed `morphing' for improving a model after it has been placed in the crystallographic cell by molecular replacement has recently been developed. Morphing consists of applying a smooth deformation to a model to make it match an electron-density map more closely. Morphing does not change the identities of the residues in the chain, only their coordinates. Consequently, if the true structure differs from the working model by containing different residues, these differences cannot be corrected by morphing. Here, a procedure that helps to address this limitation is described. The goal of the procedure is to obtain a relatively complete model that has accurate main-chain atomic positions and residues that are correctly assigned to the sequence. Residues in a morphed model that do not match the electron-density map are removed. Each segment of the resulting trimmed morphed model is then assigned to the sequence of the molecule using information about the connectivity of the chains from the working model and from connections that can be identified from the electron-density map. The procedure was tested by application to a recently determined structure at a resolution of 3.2 Å and was found to increase the number of correctly identified residues in this structure from the 88 obtained usingphenix.resolvesequence assignment alone (Terwilliger, 2003) to 247 of a possible 359. Additionally, the procedure was tested by application to a series of templates with sequence identities to a target structure ranging between 7 and 36%. The mean fraction of correctly identified residues in these cases was increased from 33% usingphenix.resolvesequence assignment to 47% using the current procedure. The procedure is simple to apply and is available in thePhenixsoftware package.