bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Stable and Selective Anode Materials for the Electrochemical Oxidative Coupling of Methane (EOCM): A Case Study of Doped Titanates
Authors: Grajkowski Filip , Chandra Subhash , Dimitrakopoulos Georgios , Kim Dongha , Yildiz Bilge
Published: May 2023

The electrochemical oxidative coupling of methane (EOCM) is an emerging process through which methane can be converted into value-added products such as ethylene. However, this application is hampered by the fact that a stable and ethylene-selective anode material does not currently exist. In this study, we analyse a selection of titanate-based anode materials: SrTi0.3Fe0.63Co0.07O3, SrTi0.65Fe0.35O3 and La0.3Sr0.7TiO3. We analyse the stability of these materials under EOCM operating conditions using post-mortem characterisations involving XRD, XPS and EDS analyses. We also characterise the ethylene production of these anode materials at similar current densities. We find that Fe/Co-doped titanates are unstable under EOCM conditions and undergo significant phase decomposition while La0.3Sr0.7TiO3 remains stable over several weeks of operation.
A Sr2CoNbO6-δ@Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-
δ nanofiber composite as cathode accelerates oxygen reduction reaction for IT-SOFC
Authors: Dhongde Vicky , Velpandian Muthuraja , Haider Mohammad Ali , Basu Suddhasatwa
Published: May 2023

Improved oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of perovskite cathode material is crucial for the widespread utilization and advancement of the intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). A composite of Sr2CoNbO6-δ@Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-
δ (SCNO@SDC) nanofibers is fabricated using electrospinning, followed by high-temperature sintering process, and its electrochemical activity towards ORR is analyzed. The XRD and STEM confirmed the phase and morphology of the nanofiber composites. Conductivity studies revealed that the activation energy of the nanofiber composite was 0.51 eV lower than that of the conventional composite, which is 0.73 eV. Moreover, the polarization resistance of the nanofiber decreased from 1.38 to 0.345 Ω cm2, whereas that of the conventional electrode decreased from 2.6 to 1.05 Ω cm2 in the air atmosphere between 500°C to 700°C.
Solid Oxide Cell Performance: Spatially Resolved Oxygen Electrode Stability
Authors: Langerman Michiel , Stodolny Maciej , da Rosa Silva Eduardo , Lu Xiaoqian , Ferchaud Claire , van Berkel Frans
Published: May 2023

Several aspects of TNO SOC performance characteristics will be discussed, with a focus on steam electrolysis performance and lifetime behaviour during endurance tests of several thousand hours. Excellent steam electrolysis performance of the TNO SOE cells is observed at thermoneutral voltage, achieving current density values of −1.7 A/cm2 at an operating temperature of 750 °C. Lifetime assessment and material degradation of the SOC will be discussed, with a focus on the analysis of observed degradation phenomena in the oxygen electrode material. As oxygen electrode degradation can be critical for SOC performance in a stack environment, it is important to have a good understanding of the degradation processes and the ability to monitor them. At TNO, a novel approach of high-resolution 2D mapping of the lateral conductivity of the oxygen electrode has been used as an effective tool for quality control and validation of the oxygen electrode development. Additionally, the combination of 2D sheet resistance mapping, SEM-EDX and XRD techniques provides a powerful combination of tools to obtain a spatially resolved (3D) view of the localized degradation observed in the oxygen electrode after several thousand hours of steam electrolysis.
Performance and Durability of Metal SOFCs in Alternate Fuels
Authors: Abdul Jabbar Mohammed Hussain , Thompson Dave , Parrondo Javier , Gumeci Cenk , Furuya Yoshihisa , Dale Nilesh , Dewa Martinus , Ha Su , Liu Fan , Duan Chuancheng
Published: May 2023

Power generation from electrochemical devices based on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is in great demand for both stationary and automotive applications to achieve carbon neutrality goals by 2050. In particular, SOFCs are known for their fuel-flexible operations; for example, SOFCs can operate on simple and complex renewable fuels (such as ethanol, natural gas, jet fuel, propane, etc.). Unlike H2-based fuel cells, liquid and hydrocarbon fuels in SOFCs adopt the existing fuel infrastructure and contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions significantly. This article presents the potential of using metal-based SOFCs (metal cells) as highly performing and durable power generators. The metal cells technology could be the most accessible solution for using SOFCs for versatile industrial needs.
Reversible Metal Supported Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Hagen Anke , Tasca Davide , De-Faria Agathe , Capotondo Federico , Caldogno Riccardo , Sudireddy Bhaskar Reddy , Sun Xiufu
Published: May 2023

Solid oxide cells (SOCs) can operate in fuel cell and electrolysis mode, allowing for production of electricity and heat from a green fuel, and for storage of electricity as gas or use as fuel. Lifetime and costs are major factors enabling commercialization. Metal supported SOCs (MSCs) provide cost-competitive materials within the cell. The present study investigates the reversible operation of MSCs, fabricated by tape casting, lamination, and screen-printing, at 650 oC in 50/50 steam/hydrogen gas. In the initial few hundred hours, the MSC show a lower degradation rate compared to a state-of-the-art (SoA) fuel electrode supported cell in the electrolysis mode, while it is ca. comparable in fuel cell mode. Electrochemical impedance evaluation revealed that the degradation is due to a simultaneous increase of the serial and polarization resistances in the MSC while it is mainly due to increase of the polarization resistance in the SoA cell.
(Digital Presentation) Au-Mo-Fe-Ni/CeO2(Gd2O3) As Potential Fuel Electrodes for Internal CO2 Reforming of CH4 in Single SOFCs
Authors: Ioannidou Evangelia , Neophytides Stylianos G. , Niakolas Dimitris K.
Published: May 2023

In this study the catalytic and electro-catalytic performance, as well as the coking resistance of un-modified and modified Ni/CeO2(Gd2O3) with 3 wt.% Au−0.4 wt.% Mo and 3 wt.% Au−0.5 wt.% Fe electrocatalysts were studied as half and full electrolyte supported cells under internal CO2 reforming of CH4 in single SOFCs, at 750-900 oC. The aim was to elucidate their activity towards the consumption of CH4, CO2, the production of H2, H2O, CO and the production of carbon, as a function of temperature and the applied current density under a biogas fuel mixture of CH4/CO2=1. Additionally, the cells comprising the electrocatalysts as fuel electrodes, 8 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ) as electrolyte and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-
δ
(LSCoF) as oxygen electrode were characterized using I-V measurements and Electrochemical Impedance Spectra (EIS) analysis in order to investigate the evolution of the ohmic and polarization resistance values as a reflection of current.
(Digital Presentation) Prolonged Operation Strategies For Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Through Barrier Layer-Based Interface Engineering
Authors: Lyu Qiuqiu , Zhu Tenglong , Qu Hongxia , Zhong Qin
Published: May 2023

In order to clarify the relationship between area specific resistance degradation and barrier layer, three symmetrical cathode cells with varied GDC barrier layer fabrication methods are investigated, i.e. (1) screen printed GDC, (2) screen printed GDC with Cobalt Nitrate sintering aid (GDC-Co), and (3) hydrothermal modified cell (GDC-Co-HY). Stable LSCF@GDC cathode is used for the electrode. The results show largely decreased of ~20% when sintering aid is used. Furthermore, both and values of GDC-Co-HY are extremely stable after hydrothermal modification, with degradation rate of 0.014 and 0.03 Ω·cm2/kh, respectively. Comparatively, the pristine GDC-Co shows and increase of 0.22Ω·cm2/kh and 0.248Ω·cm2/kh. Current study suggests that interface engineering is an effective method to enable smaller ASR and improved long-term operation durability.
(Digital Presentation) GDC/YSZ Bilayer Electrolyte Fabrication by In-situ Hydrothermal Growth
Authors: He Jianyu , Lyu Qiuqiu , Zhu Tenglong , Zhong Qin
Published: May 2023

In this work, we report a highly dense GDC/YSZ bilayer electrolyte prepared via cost-competitive method, at a relatively low sintering temperature. An ultra-thin and dense GDC barrier layer is grown on the surface of as-sintered YSZ electrolyte by twice successive in-situ hydrothermal growth at 180 oC. The GDC/YSZ bilayer electrolyte is successfully fabricated under low sintering temperature below 1200 oC, with overall layer as thick as ~540 nm and ultra-high density as the YSZ electrolyte. The anode supported single cell with LSCF cathode shows maximum power density of ~0.961 W/cm2 at 780 oC. Moreover, the cell runs stably at 720 oC for 300 hours, showing decent durability.
A Chaos‐Based Image Encryption Scheme Is Proposed Using Multiple Chaotic Maps
Authors: Akraam Muhammad , Rashid Tabasam , Zafar Sohail
Published: May 2023

Everybody wants to maintain solitariness to some extent or entirely in his dealings with other people during different modes of communication. To retain privacy, researchers materialized distinct image encryption algorithms using chaotic maps. Due to their extraordinary features, most researchers employed multidimensional chaotic maps to barricade clandestine information or digital images from potential invaders. Still, multidimensional chaotic maps have many impediments conferred in the literature review. In this paper, we developed a cryptosystem utilizing multiple chaotic maps to mitigate the shortcoming of multidimensional chaotic maps. A distinctive approach is adopted to sire a key stream using a combination of chaotic maps and create a sequence of random integers linked with the pixels of the plain image to shatter the association between neighboring pixels of a plain image. Finally, diffusion is accomplished using the previously diffused pixels at a decimal level. Security and statistical analysis demonstrate that the presented encryption algorithm is robust against well‐known attacks. An ample key space indicates that it is best suited for secure communication.
Rapid and Efficient Degradation of Ceftiofur Sodium by 5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazole-Modified ZIF(Fe/Co)x@CNF Nanocomposites
Authors: Fu Hao , Gu Aotian , Wang Peng , Gong Chunhui , Li Zhiying , Chen Kai , Yang Yi
Published: May 2023

The exploration of transforming various metals as metal sources into metal organic frameworks (MOFs) has attracted considerable attention in recent years. This study used triethylamine and 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMBIM) to modify the iron-doped cobalt zeolite imidazole framework on carbon fiber structure. The results showed that the ZIF(Fe/Co)1.25@CNF exhibited high CEF removal efficiency that over 97% of ceftiofur sodium (CEF) was removed within 10 min, which was significantly higher than that of the common ZIF-67 materials. Compared with other ZIF-67 composites, ZIF(Fe/Co)x@CNF has a larger specific surface area, resulting in a larger contact area and more active sites during the reaction. After the introduction of DMBIM, the ZIF(Fe/Co)1.25@CNF not only easily separated from the solution but also enhanced the hydrophobicity, which provided higher catalytic stability and catalytic performance. In addition, the effects of different catalyst ratios, pollutant concentrations, solution pH, and different radicals (•OH, SO4•−, 1O2) on the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were investigated. The mechanism of degradation was elucidated by electron paramagnetic resonance experiments. This study provides a new perspective for the preparation of high-performance MOF catalysts with excellent catalytic performance and may facilitate the application of MOF materials in more practical situations.
Proteasome Inhibition Sensitizes Liposarcoma to MDM2 Inhibition with Nutlin-3 by Activating the ATF4/CHOP Stress Response Pathway
Authors: Ludwig Michael P. , Galbraith Matthew D. , Eduthan Neetha Paul , Hill Amanda A. , Clay Michael R. , Tellez Cristiam Moreno , Wilky Breelyn A. , Elias Anthony , Espinosa Joaquin M. , Sullivan Kelly D.
Published: May 2023

Liposarcoma is the most commonly occurring soft-tissue sarcoma and is frequently characterized by amplification of chromosome region 12q13–15 harboring the oncogenes MDM2 and CDK4. This unique genetic profile makes liposarcoma an attractive candidate for targeted therapeutics. While CDK4/6 inhibitors are currently employed for treatment of several cancers, MDM2 inhibitors have yet to attain clinical approval. Here, we report the molecular characterization of the response of liposarcoma to the MDM2 inhibitor nutlin-3. Treatment with nutlin-3 led to upregulation of two nodes of the proteostasis network: the ribosome and the proteasome. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to perform a genome-wide loss of function screen that identified PSMD9, which encodes a proteasome subunit, as a regulator of response to nutlin-3. Accordingly, pharmacologic studies with a panel of proteasome inhibitors revealed strong combinatorial induction of apoptosis with nutlin-3. Mechanistic studies identified activation of the ATF4/CHOP stress response axis as a potential node of interaction between nutlin-3 and the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing experiments confirmed that ATF4, CHOP, and the BH3-only protein, NOXA, are all required for nutlin-3 and carfilzomib-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, activation of the unfolded protein response using tunicamycin and thapsigargin was sufficient to activate the ATF4/CHOP stress response axis and sensitize to nutlin-3. Finally, cell line and patient-derived xenograft models demonstrated combinatorial effects of treatment with idasanutlin and carfilzomib on liposarcoma growth in vivo. Together, these data indicate that targeting of the proteasome could improve the efficacy of MDM2 inhibitors in liposarcoma.

Significance:

Targeting the proteasome in combination with MDM2 inhibition activates the ATF4/CHOP stress response axis to induce apoptosis in liposarcoma, providing a potential therapeutic approach for the most common soft-tissue sarcoma.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and the Exposome: Host-Extrinsic Factors Determine Response, Survival, and Toxicity
Authors: Pizzutilo Elio Gregory , Romanò Rebecca , Roazzi Laura , Agostara Alberto G. , Oresti Sara , Zeppellini Annalisa , Giannetta Laura , Cerea Giulio , Signorelli Diego , Siena Salvatore , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea
Published: May 2023

Cancer immunotherapy, largely represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), has led to substantial changes in preclinical cancer research and clinical oncology practice over the past decade. However, the efficacy and toxicity profiles of ICIs remain highly variable among patients, with only a fraction achieving a significant benefit. New combination therapeutic strategies are being investigated, and the search for novel predictive biomarkers is ongoing, mainly focusing on tumor- and host-intrinsic components. Less attention has been directed to all the external, potentially modifiable factors that compose the exposome, including diet and lifestyle, infections, vaccinations, and concomitant medications, that could affect the immune system response and its activity against cancer cells. We hereby provide a review of the available clinical evidence elucidating the impact of host-extrinsic factors on ICI response and toxicity.
Pluteus flammans, a new brightly coloured species in Pluteus sect. Celluloderma (Pluteaceae) from Central Europe
Authors: POLHORSKÝ ADAM , JUSTO ALFREDO , SZABÓOVÁ DANA , KONYARIKOVÁ ZUZANA , DIMA BÁLINT , ŠEVČÍKOVÁ HANA
Published: May 2023

In this article we describe a new species, Pluteus flammans, that is characterised by bright orange-red colours, a villose and translucently striate pileus, and a trichodermal pileipellis. The species is described based on material from Slovakia and Hungary, where it grows on well-decayed angiosperm wood (Quercus spp., Fagus sylvatica, and Tilia sp.). In the phylogenetic analyses (LSU, ITS and TEF1-α) P. flammans appears as sister to the North American Pluteus aurantipes, which also has brightly coloured basidiomes, however this species differs in the bright red stipe, darker colours of the pileus, slightly larger basidiospores, and shorter caulocystidia. Molecular data supports the recognition of both taxa as separate species, and confirms their placement in Pluteus sect. Celluloderma, despite the fact that P. aurantipes was originally considered to belong to Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma.
Revision of the guttata-group of Alona s. lato leads to its translocation to Prendalona Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro & Santos, 2018 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)
Authors: SINEV ARTEM Y. , SOUSA FRANCISCO DIOGO ROCHA , ELMOOR-LOUREIRO LOURDES M.A.
Published: May 2023

Revision of the guttata-group of Alona s. lato justifies its translocation to the genus Prendalona Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro & Santos, 2018. Emended diagnosis of the genus and diagnoses for all its species are provided. Prendalona belong to the Hexalona-clade of Alona s. lato, it is a sister-group of genus Flavalona Sinev & Dumont, 2016, but differs from the latter in: (1) minute lateral head pores without any pockets below, (2) absence of the genital process on male postabdomen, and (3) absence of inner setae on endites 1–2 of thoracic limb I. Morphology of North American P. barbulata (Megard, 1967) and widely distributed P. guttata (Sars, 1862) is investigated in detail for the first time. Prendalona julietae sp. nov.,sibling-species of P. guttata, is described from Brazil. Global diversity and distribution patterns of Prendalona are discussed.
Assessment of the Pan-Arctic Accelerated Rate of Sea Ice Decline in CMIP6 Historical Simulations
Authors: Lee Younjoo J. , Watts Matthew , Maslowski Wieslaw , Kinney Jaclyn Clement , Osinski Robert
Published: May 2023

Arctic sea ice loss in response to a warming climate is assessed in 42 models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Sea ice observations show a significant acceleration in the rate of decline commencing near the turn of the twenty-first century. It is our assertion that state-of-the-art climate models should qualitatively reflect this accelerated trend within the limitations of internal variability and observational uncertainty. Our analysis shows that individual CMIP6 simulations of sea ice depict a wide range of model spread on biases and anomaly trends both across models and among their ensemble members. While the CMIP6 multimodel mean captures the observed sea ice area (SIA) decline relatively well, an individual model’s ability to represent the acceleration in sea ice decline remains a challenge. Seventeen (40%) out of 42 CMIP6 models and 37 (13%) out of the total 286 ensemble members reasonably capture the observed trends and acceleration in SIA decline. In addition, a larger ensemble size appears to increase the odds for a model to include at least one ensemble member skillfully representing the accelerated SIA trends. Simulations of sea ice volume (SIV) show much larger spread and uncertainty than SIA; however, due to limited availability of sea ice thickness data, these are not as well constrained by observations. Finally, we find that models with more ocean heat transport simulate larger sea ice declines, which suggests an emergent constraint in CMIP6 ensembles. This relationship points to the need for better understanding and modeling of ice–ocean interactions, especially with respect to frazil ice growth.
Mechanisms of Tibetan Plateau Warming Amplification in Recent Decades and Future Projections
Authors: Hu Shuzhen , Hsu Pang-Chi , Li Wenkai , Wang Lu , Chen Haishan , Zhou Botao
Published: May 2023

Earth’s surface warming by external forcing depends on location. Warming amplification, or greater surface warming than the global average, occurs in the Arctic and high-elevation regions, including the Tibetan Plateau (TP). We examined the major drivers of TP warming amplification in recent decades (1979–2020) and under future climate scenarios (2061–2100) by applying local energy budget diagnosis of multiple radiative kernels based on state-of-the-art reanalysis datasets and coupled model simulations. From 1979 to 2020, both the snow–albedo feedback and cloud–radiation feedback strongly affected the seasonality of TP warming (summer vs winter). Snow cover and albedo decreased significantly in winter but showed only small changes in summer. TP total and low-level cloud cover increased in summer, causing cooling, and decreased in winter, causing warming. During winter, TP warming amplification (1.84 from 1979 to 2020) is weaker than Arctic amplification (3.64) because the positive contribution of the surface albedo feedback to TP warming is not as strong as the dual warming effects of the lapse rate feedback and surface heat flux observed in the Arctic. Our attribution analyses based on the preindustrial control (piControl) and Historical simulations of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project confirmed that TP warming is caused by external forcing. Because the external forcing associated with anthropogenic activity is increasing, TP warming will continue to the end of the twenty-first century. Under likely future warming scenarios, winter TP warming amplification is still less than in the Arctic due to the effects of the lapse rate feedback and surface heat flux.

Significance Statement

Over the Tibetan Plateau, warming amplification, which refers to greater surface warming than the global average (∼75% more warming than the global average from 1979 to 2020), has resulted in melting permafrost, retreating glaciers, and decreasing biodiversity. This study quantified the relative effects of eight physical processes on the warming amplification over the Tibetan Plateau. In the boreal winter, the reduction in snow cover and albedo are the leading contributors (about 49%) to Tibetan Plateau warming, meaning that melting snow exposes darker ground that absorbs more sunlight than snow does. In a warmer future climate, continued melting snow cover is projected to further enhance Tibetan Plateau warming amplification.
Spatiotemporal Variation of Temperature Extremes over the Arctic Lands Based on In Situ and Reanalysis Data
Authors: Zhao Shoudong , Ding Minghu , Zhang Wenqian , Wei Ting , Cheng Wei , Chen Junming , Xiao Cunde
Published: May 2023

Changes in extreme temperatures have more effects on ecosystems and human society than changes in climate averages. As a hotspot of global warming, the Arctic has experienced unprecedented heatwaves recently, which highlights the importance of identifying long-term variations of extreme temperatures. However, spatial unbalance of observations and artificially chosen investigation periods limit our knowledge of extreme temperatures over the Arctic lands. Here, we build a complete and quality-controlled observation network on surface temperature over the Arctic lands and combine in situ and reanalysis data to evaluate changes of extreme temperatures during the period 1979–2020. Our results indicate that 1) the increase in extreme temperatures has accelerated since the 2000s, especially on the coast of Eurasia; 2) the change magnitude for cold events is larger than for warm events, in terms of intensity, frequency, and duration; and 3) increases in warm events only occur locally, for example, Alaska and central Siberia, while decreases in cold events occur throughout the Arctic lands. The long-term trends of extreme temperatures are synchronous with sea ice loss, and patterns of interannual variations are mainly related to the North Atlantic Oscillation. We suggest further efforts toward improvement over North America, especially for Greenland, through sufficient observations and regional models.
Roles of Dynamic and Thermodynamic Processes in Regulating the Decay Paces of El Niño Events
Authors: Lee Chung-Wei , Sui Chung-Hsiung , Li Tim
Published: May 2023

Most El Niño events decay after a peak in boreal winter, but some persist and strengthen again in the following year. Several mechanisms for regulating its decay pace have been proposed; however, their relative contributions have not been thoroughly examined yet. By analyzing the fast-decaying and persistent types of the events in a 1200-yr coupled simulation, we quantify the key dynamic and thermodynamic processes in the decaying spring that are critical to determining the decay pace of El Niño. The zonal advection due to upwelling Kelvin wave accounts for twice as much the cooling difference as evaporation or meridional advection does. The upwelling Kelvin wave is much stronger in the fast-decaying events than the others, and its strength is equally attributed to the reflected equatorial Rossby wave and the equatorial easterly wind forcing over the western Pacific in the preceding 2–3 months. Relative to the fast-decaying events, the evaporative cooling is weaker but the meridional warm advection is stronger in the persistent events. The former is due to more meridionally asymmetric wind and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) signaling positive Pacific meridional mode. The latter results from the advection of equatorial warm SSTA by climatological divergent flow, and the warmer SSTA persists from the mature stage subject to weaker cloud-radiative cooling in response to the central-Pacific-type SSTA distribution in the persistent events relative to the fast-decaying events. Our result consolidates the existing knowledge and provides a more comprehensive and physical pathway for the causality of El Niño’s diverse duration.
Selective Forfending on Controversial Issues Related to Large Corporations: An Exploration into the Public’s Acquisition and Transmission Characteristics by Conspiracy Orientation and Problem-Solving Situational Factors
Authors: Cha Yuri , Persad Vishala J. , Yeo SunHa
Published: May 2023

Using the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS), this study examines the impact of closed-minded communication in the secondary digital information market in crisis situations where controversial issues about large corporations can unduly deteriorate the relationship between the business and publics. A combination model was constructed to examine the influence of the situational antecedents of STOPS and the conspiracy orientation on selective forfending. An analysis of online survey data ( N = 700) revealed the influences of conspiracy orientation and factors other than problem recognition were significant among the factors for problem situations. Publics was subdivided into “non-conspiracy theorists,” “conspiracy theorists,” and “situational problem solvers” groups with the “conspiracy theorist” group performing selective forfending of business ethics issue information, engaging in the most prominent degree of acquisition and transmission of the information among the groups.
From Conspiracy Orientation to Conspiracy Attribution: The Effects of Institutional Trust and Demographic Differences
Authors: Tam Lisa , Lee Hyelim
Published: May 2023

The current post-truth era is characterized by the rapid spread of conspiracy theories which has been exacerbated by public’s lack of agreement on objective facts and presentation of unverified information without supportive evidence. Existing research has examined a myriad of factors which explain the causes of conspiratorial thinking. To extend current research, this study examines the effects of institutional trust and demographic factors (i.e., age, gender, political ideology, household income and education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics [STEM]) in explaining conspiracy orientation (i.e., the dispositional tendency to subscribe to different conspiracy theories) and conspiracy attribution (i.e., the situational tendency to subscribe to conspiracy theories about specific problematic situations). A survey dataset ( N = 720) was collected in South Korea. The findings showed that institutional trust had greater effects than STEM education in explaining conspiracy orientation and attribution. On the other hand, different demographic factors had different effects on conspiracy orientation and attribution.
The Influence of Fact-Checking Is Disputed! The Role of Party Identification in Processing and Sharing Fact-Checked Social Media Posts
Authors: Oeldorf-Hirsch Anne , Schmierbach Mike , Appelman Alyssa , Boyle Michael P.
Published: May 2023

Social media play an important role in political communication, leading to growing concerns about the credibility of shared information. Attempts to slow the spread of misinformation by platforms such as Facebook and Twitter include adding fact-checking labels to social media posts, the effectiveness of which remains unclear. Using two experiments, we tested the credibility effects of fact-checking labels (confirmed vs. disputed) on graphical presentations of political (Democrat vs. Republican) quotes and social media news posts. Study 1 ( N = 312) tested the effects of these labels on political social media posts with political quotes, and Study 2 ( N = 356) replicated and extended this research to a news story post about a politician. Results indicate that the valence of verification labels on their own do not affect perceptions of the content. Instead, users find corrections of opposite-party political figures more credible and are more willing to share content when it negatively portrays opposite-party political figures. These results demonstrate potential limitations of fact-checking labels and highlight the importance of considering political ideology in correcting misinformation on social media sites.
Injury Pattern and Outcomes Following All-Terrain Vehicle Accidents in Kentucky Children: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Levy Brittany E. , Quattrone McKell , Castle Jennifer T , Doud Andrea N. , Draus John M. , Worhunsky David J.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) pose a significant risk for morbidity and mortality amongst children. We hypothesize that current vague legislation regarding helmet use impacts injury patterns and outcomes in pediatric ATV accidents.

Methods

The institutional trauma registry was queried for pediatric patients involved in ATV accidents from 2006 to 2019. Patient demographics and helmet wearing status were identified in addition to patient outcomes, such as injury pattern, injury severity score, mortality, length of stay, and discharge disposition. These elements were analyzed for statistical significance.

Results

720 patients presented during the study period, which were predominantly male (71%, n = 511) and less than 16 years old (76%, n = 543). Most patients were not wearing a helmet (82%, n = 589) at time of injury. Notably, there were 7 fatalities. A lack of helmet use is positively associated with head injury (42% vs 23%, P < .01), intracranial hemorrhage (15% vs 7%, P = .03), and associated with lower Glasgow Coma Scale (13.9 vs 14.4, P < .01). Children 16 years and older were least likely to wear a helmet and most likely to incur injuries. Patients over 16 years had longer lengths of stay, higher mortality, and higher need for rehabilitation.

Conclusion

Not wearing a helmet is directly correlated with injury severity and concerning rates of head injury. Children 16 years and older are at greatest risk for injury, but younger children are still at risk. Stricter state laws regarding helmet use are necessary to reduce pediatric ATV-related injury burden.

Level of Evidence

level III retrospective comparative study
Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Offense Severity: An Examination of the Liberation Hypothesis for Juvenile Case Outcomes at Final Disposition
Authors: Bryson Sara L. , Peck Jennifer H.
Published: May 2023

Prior research on juvenile court processing indicates that legal and extralegal factors impact outcomes at judicial disposition. Less is known, however, if the combined effects of certain characteristics influence decision-making. Applying the liberation hypothesis, this study investigates the interactive effects of a juvenile’s age, race/ethnicity, and offense severity on dispositional outcomes. Using all adjudicated complaints from North Carolina between 2011 and 2018, results suggest that irrespective of a juvenile’s age, youth of color had greater odds of receiving residential placement than community-based sanctions. Regardless of offense severity, Black youth were treated more punitively than Hispanics and Whites. Findings underscore the importance of acknowledging disparities in case outcomes and creating programming options within juvenile justice to meet the needs of youth of color.
Conducting Collaborative Qualitative Analysis Remotely
Authors: Sauder Adrienne E. , Gilson Cindy M.
Published: May 2023

There is a growing body of literature around digital research, specifically regarding data collection and how to pivot research designs to be more conducive to online and virtual research, but little in the way of how to analyze data remotely. In this article, we share firsthand experiences from a qualitative study utilizing Google apps, Zoom, and NVivo to organize data, establish coding protocols, document memos, develop codebooks, employ thematic analyses, and calculate intercoder reliability. We focus on practices and procedures that establish rigor and trustworthiness, facilitate researcher collaboration and collegiality, and increase gifted education researchers’ educational adaptability. Learning from our collective experiences conducting qualitative research remotely may be of interest to researchers and students with limited budgets and/or those who work remotely with collaborators within and across different institutions.
How Canada's Indo-Pacific strategy conflicts with ASEAN's outlook on the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Narine Shaun
Published: May 2023

Despite giving lip service to the importance of respecting the “centrality” of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Canada's Indo-Pacific strategy (CIPS) conflicts with the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP). Instead, Canada defines its position in the Indo-Pacific through the lens of American priorities and perspectives. For its part, the AOIP expresses an ASEAN consensus position but fails to capture the highly complex and varied views of different ASEAN states toward the US and China. The ASEAN states are status-quo powers navigating a region that is undergoing profound strategic and economic changes. By allying itself so firmly with the US, Canada participates in sowing tension in the Indo-Pacific and may face potential consequences in the longer term. CIPS allows little room for the complex regional relations that the ASEAN states are trying to balance.
Varieties of capitalism and income inequality
Authors: Movahed Masoud
Published: May 2023

Why do countries diverge significantly in the levels of income inequality across the Global North? Most scholars believe that the answer lies in the ways that economic resources are organized through institutions. Drawing on a country-level, longitudinal dataset from 1985 to 2016 matched with three other data sources, the author explains how and to what extent institutions matter for income inequality across the “varieties of capitalism.” To sort countries based on their institutional similarities, the author conducts cluster analysis and examines the extent to which institutions predict variation in the levels of income inequality, both cross-nationally and within each cluster of countries. In cross-national, panel data regressions, strong evidence is presented that labor market interventions such as vocational rehabilitation programs as well as characteristics of corporate governance are important determinants of income inequality.
High-Resolution Detection of Translocation of Oral Bacteria to the Gut
Authors: Kageyama S. , Sakata S. , Ma J. , Asakawa M. , Takeshita T. , Furuta M. , Ninomiya T. , Yamashita Y.
Published: May 2023

Ectopic enrichment of oral microbes in the gut is a notable alteration in gut microbial balance. These microbes are likely delivered from the oral cavity with saliva and food; however, evidence of oral–gut microbial transmission is insufficient and needs further investigation. In this observational study, we examined 144 pairs of saliva and stool samples collected from community-dwelling adults to verify the oral–gut microbial link and identify the relevant influencing factors on the increased abundance of oral microbes within the gut. The bacterial composition of each sample was determined using PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing of the full-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene and amplicon sequence variant (ASV) analysis. Although the bacterial compositions of salivary and gut microbiota were distinctly different, at least 1 ASV was shared between salivary and gut microbiota in 72.9% of subjects. Shared ASVs accounted for 0.0% to 63.1% (median 0.14%) of the gut microbiota in each subject and frequently included abundant Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus parasanguinis. Their total relative abundance in the gut was significantly higher in older subjects or those with dental plaque accumulation. The gut microbiota with ≥5% of shared ASVs displayed a higher abundance of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Klebsiella and a lower abundance of Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Megamonas, and Parabacteroides. Our study presents evidence for the translocation of oral bacteria to the gut in community-dwelling adults and suggests that aging and dental plaque accumulation contribute to an increased abundance of oral microbes in the gut, which might be relevant to the compositional shift in the gut commensals.
FoxO1/NLRP3 Inflammasome Promotes Age-Related Alveolar Bone Resorption
Authors: Wang Z. , Zhou F. , Feng X. , Li H. , Duan C. , Wu Y. , Xiong Y.
Published: May 2023

Periodontitis is the utmost common chronic oral disease that exhibits intense susceptibility to aging. Aging is characterized by persistent sterile low-grade inflammation, leading to age-related periodontal complications represented by alveolar bone loss. Currently, forkhead transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) is generally believed to have a significant role in body development, senescence, cell viability, and oxidative stress in numerous organs and cells. However, the role of this transcription factor in mediating age-related alveolar bone resorption has not been examined. In this study, FoxO1 deficiency was discovered to have a beneficial correlation with halting the progression of alveolar bone resorption in aged mice. To further investigate the function of FoxO1 in age-related alveolar bone resorption, osteoblastic-specific FoxO1 knockout mice were generated, leading to an amelioration in alveolar bone loss compared to aged-matched wild-type mice, manifested as enhanced osteogenic potential. Mechanistically, we identified enhancement of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in FoxO1-deficient osteoblasts in the high dose of reactive oxygen species. Concordant with our study, MCC950, a specific inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome, greatly rescued osteoblast differentiation under oxidative stress. Our data shed light on the manifestations of FoxO1 depletion in osteoblasts and propose a possible mechanism for the therapy of age-related alveolar bone loss.
For Shame! Socially Unacceptable Brand Mentions on Social Media Motivate Consumer Disengagement
Authors: Villanova Daniel , Matherly Ted
Published: May 2023

Brands invest tremendous resources into building engagement with their customers on social media. But considerably less focus is placed on addressing disengagement, when users actively choose to distance themselves from the brand through reduced posting or even unfollowing. The authors find that the same self–brand connections that lead individuals to defensively protect the brand can also lead them to experience shame vicariously when others mention the brand in socially unacceptable ways. Experiencing vicarious shame motivates them to distance themselves from the brand, driving disengagement. Three mixed-method studies show that a socially unacceptable behavior—using profanity while mentioning the brand—leads highly connected consumers to experience vicarious shame, prompting disengagement motivations and ultimately leading to real-world unfollowing behaviors on social media. The authors also show that proactive moderation behaviors by the brand can attenuate these responses. These results provide insight into the process by which self–brand connection interacts with socially unacceptable brand mentions and suggest a limitation to the insulating effects of strong self–brand connections.
Free and responsible: Sexuality, pastoral, and the art of governance in Catholic Conjugal Centres (1953–1990)
Authors: Crosetti Anne-Sophie
Published: May 2023

This article deals with a socio-historical enigma: the articulation of family planning – through dedicated centres – and catholicism. How come self-identified catholics ended up defending contraception and decriminalisation of abortion while the Catholic Church kept reminding that sexuality should be conjugal and reproductive? The article examines the process of creating a discursive and practical normativity allowing the use of contraception and abortion through a catholic ‘tool’, that is, the pastoral power at a time of secularisation. Borrowing the concept developed by Michel Foucault enables highlighting the ‘catholic governmentality’ regarding contraception and abortion, namely, the ‘responsible-freedom’.
Verticalities in comparison: Debates on high-rise construction in Izmir and Istanbul
Authors: Filiz Anlam
Published: May 2023

Large-scale high-rise architecture projects have been central to the rise of the construction industry in Turkey in recent years. This vertical escalation, however, has not been received without dissidence. Scholars, activists, journalists and officials with different viewpoints have participated in media debates regarding the reasons and consequences of this transformation. In these discussions, stakeholders have raised various environmental, cultural and ethical concerns that the vertical organisation of cities generate. Focussing on juxtapositions of Izmir and Istanbul in debates on urban verticality in the city of Izmir, Turkey’s third most populated city, the paper examines how such comparisons with Istanbul, where the recent urban neoliberal transformation is experienced most intensely, have been mobilised to oppose vertical expansion. The paper argues that as a result of the recent centralisation of the Turkish economy around construction, the hyper-visibility of skyscrapers and the concentration of the urban transformation generated by the Turkish construction industry in Istanbul, skyscrapers have become materialised symbols of Istanbul’s integration into global capitalism, neoliberal urbanisation, and the difference between Istanbul and other urban centres in Turkey. This example establishes urban verticality as a discursive axis at which urban centres outside of the Global North establish their difference from each other.
Magnitude of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and Associated Factors Amongst Women in Western Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hambisa Hunduma Dina , Birku Zelalem , Gedamu Samuel
Published: May 2023

The goal of this research was to determine the extent of pelvic floor dysfunction and the factors that contribute to it. The study design was community-focused and cross-sectional, and participants were chosen using a systematic random sampling technique. For data entry and cleansing, we used EPI data version 3.1 software, and for analysis, we used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. The 95% confidence interval was predicted, and the factor with a significant level less than 0.05 was chosen for multivariate logistic regression analysis. The overall Magnitude of pelvic floor dysfunction was 37.7% [(95% confidence interval (31.7-42.5)]. The most common type of pelvic floor dysfunction is overactive bladder, which was reported by 135 of all participants. Pelvic organ prolapse accounted for 92 (30.4%) of all cases, and 4 factors were found to be significantly associated with pelvic floor dysfunction. In this study, age 55 years [(AOR = 2.1; 95% CI: (1.52-6.42)], heavy labor work for more than 10 years [(AOR = 3.21; 95% CI: (1.86-5.72) grand-multipara, and being menopause [(AOR = 4.03; 95% CI: (2.20-8.27)] were linked to symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction. The magnitude of pelvic floor dysfunction in this study was slightly higher than in Ethiopian studies. Pelvic floor dysfunction has been linked to heavy load lifting, low socioeconomic status, recurrent vaginal deliveries, chronic cough, and menopause. Screening and treatment of pelvic floor disorders should be prioritized in collaboration with regional and zonal health departments.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Myopia Research in East Asia in the 21st Century: The Socio-Economic Status and Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Ahn Jihye , Kim Guenhei , Choi Moonsung
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to assess the quantity and quality of myopia related articles from 2001 to 2021 using bibliometric methods. The number of published articles and citations, the correlation analysis between gross domestic product (GDP) and annual publication number and citations was investigated. The proportion of myopia articles from East Asia accounted for 55.28% in 2021. The researchers from China published the most articles on myopia during 2001 to 2021, followed by Japan and South Korea. The annual number of articles and citations from China and South Korea showed an exponential increase with strong positive correlation with GDP. All 3 countries in East Asia are mainly researching refractive surgery, prevalence, and glaucoma, and research on children’s myopia is particularly active in China, and in Japan. The researchers from East Asia published more than half of articles on myopia since 2019, in order of China, Japan, and South Korea. The annual number of articles and citations from China and South Korea showed an exponential increase with strong positive correlation with GDP whereas those from Japan did not. All 3 countries are mainly researching refractive surgery, and glaucoma, and research on children’s myopia is particularly active in China, and in Japan.