bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gorevsky polymetallic deposit (Siberia, Russia): mineral composition of ores and features of ore deposition
Authors: Kovalev K. R. , Kalinin Yu. A. , Lobanov K. V. , Naumov E. A. , Borovikov A. A. , Sukhorukov V. P.
Published: April 2024

The paper shows the genetic diversity of the structure and mineral composition of the ores of the Gorevsky Pb-Zn deposit, reveals the main signs of synchronous deposition of ore matter from near-bottom ore-bearing solutions associated with sedimentation processes in the sedimentary basin, considers textural and structural features and mineral associations of ores accompanying various metamorphism processes and postmagmatic processes. A model of the initially primary sedimentary-diagenetic origin of the ores of the Gorevsky Pb-Zn deposit under the conditions of catagenesis and the important role of the processes of redistribution and redeposition of the ore substance by interstitial solutions of the primary ore material is detailed. The study is based on the method of detailed study of the textural and structural features of ores in polished and polished samples. microstructural and mineral features and composition of ore and non-metallic minerals using modern methods of studying the substance. The bulk of the ores of the Gorevsky deposit demonstrate the textural and structural features of synsedimentary deposits, which are simultaneous with the host carbonaceous-micaceous-siliceous-carbonate rocks and retain these main structural features both at the macro and micro levels. The results obtained are compared and analyzed in comparison with other polymetallic deposits in Russia and in other regions of the world
On the 125th Birthday of Vladimir Kreiter—a Founder of the Theory of Prospecting and Exploration of Mineral Deposits
Authors: Bortnikov N. S. , Vikentyev I. V. , Kreiter I. V. , Nikolaev V. I. , Rokov A. N.
Published: April 2024

The paper is devoted to founder of the Theory of Prospecting and Exploration of Mineral Deposits V.M. Kreiter
Association of Siderite with Iron Sulfides and Silicates in Rocks of Mikheevskoe Cu(Mo,Au) Porphyry Deposit (Southern Urals)
Authors: Pribavkin S. V. , Soroka E. I. , Azovskova O. B. , Smoleva I. V. , Leonova L. V. , Gottman I. A. , Sustavov S. G. , Rovnushkin M. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The mineral association of siderite with Cu–Fe sulfides, cronstedtite, and goethite were first recognized when studying the Mikheevskoe Cu(Mo,Au)–porphyry deposit. This association is confined to fault zones, where it fills a network of mineralized fractures developed on porphyry- and argillizite-type ores. Minerals of this association were also identified in some argillizite samples of this deposit. The formation conditions of this mineral association and its relation to the evolution of the Late Paleozoic porphyry system or other endogenic–exogenic processes manifested during the subsequent geological history of the study area were studied. The integrated research included microprobe analysis and the measurement of O and C stable isotopes in minerals of the studied association in the “Geoanalitik” (Yekaterinburg) and “Geonauka” (Syktyvkar) Centers for Collective Use. The study of mineral compositions and their relationships indicates that the studied mineral association deposited at temperature of about 70° C from neutral or low-acid solutions HS–,13C with varying HS–, and aSiO2 (aq) contents. The measurements of .13C (from –5.5 to –18.2‰) and 18O (from 20.4 to 33.4‰) values in siderite made it possible to calculate the composition of a mineral-forming fluid. It was established that such a fluid has the following parameters: .18O H2O from –3 to +10‰ and 13C CO2 from 15 to –28‰. It could correspond to magmatogenic water fluids mixed with Corg-bearing surface water. Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that this mineral association is related to argillizites, the development of which occurred at the last stage of endogenic mineral formation at the Mikheevskoe deposit. Nevertheless, it is not excluded that it may be related with other low-T hydrothermal processes at the stage of Meso-Cenozoic tectonomagmatic activation of the Urals. There is no evidence of the relation of the studied mineral association with weathering crusts
Sb-As LOJAN DEPOSIT (REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA): ORE TYPES, CONDITIONS OF ORE TYPES LOCALIZATION AND GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES
Authors: Serafimovskiy T. , Volkov A. V. , Georgevich T. , Tasev G. , Serafimovskiy D. , Murashov K. Yu. , Georgiev L.
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the results of comprehensive studies of Sb-As ores of the Lojan deposit, located in the north-east of the Republic of North Macedonia (RSM), near the border with Serbia. 5 types of Sb-As ores have been identified: breccated realgar-auripigment ores, realgar breccias, breccated antimonite ores, massive, almost monomineral realgar ores, as well as realgar-antimonite nest-shaped ores. The ores are characterized not only by an unusual paragenesis of nickel, arsenic and antimony minerals, but also by a very close fusion of antimonite, realgar and collomorphic quartz. A wide range of elements in ores (As, Sb, Cr, Ti, Mn, Ni, Mo, Co, Ag, Tl, U, etc.) is apparently due to the combination of mineralization in ores of several different-time parageneses. As a result of thermometric studies of fluid inclusions in quartz, Thom vary from 180 OC to 220 OC (the average value is 201 OC). Studies of the isotopic composition of sulfur in antimonite and realgar have shown rather narrow ranges of δ34S values from -5.19 to -0.26 and from -4.80 to 1.92, respectively, which indicates an endogenous source of sulfur. The results obtained allow us to attribute the Lojan deposit to the epithermal class
GEOSTRATEGIC RISKS IN THE GREEN ENERGY TRANSITION
(THE CASE OF AFRICA)
Authors: Abramovaa I. O. , Sharova A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the resource potential of Africa in terms of ensuring the transition of the world economy to green energy and identifies the geostrategic risks associated with this transition. The authors conclude that African countries today have significant reserves of metals necessary for this green energy transition. They are world leaders in reserves and production of bauxite, cobalt, chromium, platinoids and tantalum. Theу also possess copper, lithium, zinc and nickel ores in significant quantities. All other metals crucial for green energy technologies are also present on the continent. Namibia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo have been main suppliers of germanium to the world market for a long time. Significant reserves of rare earth metals (yttrium) are in Nigeria, Morocco and Egypt, cadmium – in Namibia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, gallium – in Guinea. In theory transition to green technologies may improve the situation of those African countries that possess high-tech materials through a sharp increase in demand and prices for these goods. In reality they may get under the most severe pressure from Western transnational corporations. These corporations will be using the entire arsenal of colonial tools to create favorable conditions to acquire these materials at the lowest cost. The authors think, if the energy transition and climate strategies proposed by the West are implemented, this burden to the greatest extent will be borne by those countries that historically participated least in the depletion of traditional energy sources and environmental pollution – the poorest countries of the world, mostly African countries. The scheme being pushed by the West will forever block the path to breakthrough economic development for African countries. They will be conserved technologically. They are trying to prepare the same fate for Russia
PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE MINERAL RESOURCE BASE OF THE HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA
Authors: Murashov K. Yu. , Bortnikov N. S. , Volkov A. V. , Galyamov A. L. , Vikentiev I. V. , Lalomov A. V.
Published: April 2024

The article considers the problem of self-sufficiency of Russia with import-dependent types (including critical) of strategic mineral raw materials (SMRM). It is shown that in recent years, the Russian Government has been paying much attention to the development of the mineral resource base (MSB) of SMRM: in 2018, the Strategy for the Development of MSB of the Russian Federation until 2035 was approved, and in 2022, the updated List of the main types of SMRM was approved for the first time in 26 years. The article notes that SMRM self-sufficiency has been achieved for most of the items in the List. For 17 items on the List, the industry of the Russian Federation is highly dependent on imports, and for some items this dependence reaches 100%. Despite this, many domestic deposits of SMRM, critically dependent on imports, are not being developed, due to low profitability. The analysis carried out in the article showed that Russia can completely replace the import of mineral raw materials by developing its own SMRM. At the fastest pace, the supply of self-sufficiency can be achieved through the development of placer deposits, weathering crust and recycling
INNOVATIVE ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE PROCESSES FOR RECOVERY OF RARE AND RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS FROM COMPLEX ORES OF COMPLEX MATERIAL COMPOSITION
Authors: Chanturiya V. A. , Nikolaev A. I. , Aleksandrova T. N.
Published: April 2024

Domestic and world tendencies of involvement in the processing of ores of rare and rare earth metals (REM) are shown. It is shown that the main direction of innovative activity is the development and application of modern breakthrough technologies for the complex processing of mineral raw materials with the production of high-quality products while minimizing environmental damage. The main deposits of rare and rare-earth metals are systematized from the standpoint of the content of the main components, concentrator minerals and the main enrichment methods. The main principal technological schemes of processing of some deposits of RM and REM in Russia (Lovozerskoe, Tomtorskoe, Afrikandskoe deposits) are given. The options for involving technogenic and off-balance raw materials in the processing in order to extract strategic metals are considered. It is substantiated that innovative environmentally friendly processes for the extraction of rare and rare earth metals from complex ores of complex material composition are being actively developed in Russia at present
RELATIONSHIP «RARE-EARTH METALS – ENERGY TRANSITION IN THE CONTEXT OF FULL CYCLE PROJECTS
Authors: Kryukov V. A. , Yatsenko V. A. , Kryukov Ya. V.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the development of the rare earth industry in Russia. Russia has a significant resource base of this type of mineral raw materials, but it does not fully use the existing potential. Russia exports semi-products of low processing, and imports goods containing rare earth elements with high added value. The key problem of the industry is the insignificant domestic demand for rare earth metals. The growing interest in the world in renewable energy sources makes new opportunities for the development of the Russian rare earth industry and gives a chance for the transition of the Russian economy to a new technological order. At the heart of the policy to create demand for rare earth products within the country, the authors propose to use a theoretic approach based on the consideration of full-cycle projects. Three main features characterize this approach. Firstly, our approach is an extension of the traditional project approach and takes into account not so much the local aspects of a separate project for the extraction and processing of ore, but its integration into the country's economy through a system of intersectoral interactions (multiplicative effects). Secondly, as the demand for products within the country grows and the scale of the use of products based on rare earth metals expands, the process of “learning” is launched - the costs of mining, processing and production of final products are reduced. Thirdly, the approach proposes to consider rare earth ores in dumps as pseudo-financial assets with the ability to manage them as traditional economic asset
MINERAL POTENTIAL OF STRATEGICAL AND CRITICAL MINERAL RAW MATERIALS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH TECHNOLOGICAL INDUSTRY
OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Petrov O. V. , Molchanov A. V. , Shatov V. V. , Zubova T. N.
Published: April 2024

The paper briefly describes the state system of regional geological study of the subsoil, implemented by Rosnedra and VSEGEI, which provides an assessment of the country's mineral resource potential for strategic types of minerals. In 2022, VSEGEI completed the compilation of a set of digital monometal maps of distribution patterns and prediction of strategic and critical types of minerals in the Russian Federation at a scale of 1:2.5 M in GIS format. Reserves of these types of minerals were assessed based on the state accounting system, and an expert reassessment of inferred resources was carried out. As a result, regional predictive criteria concerning the localization of areas promising for the discovery of mineral deposits were developed. Recommendations were given on the organization of additional site appraisal-200/2 and (or) geological and mineragenic mapping-200 on specific nomenclature sheets, promising for exploration for strategic types of minerals
PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAW MATERIAL BASE OF SUFFICIENT STRATEGIC TYPES OF SOLID MINERAL RESOURCES OF SIBERIA
Authors: Pokhilemko N. P. , Afanasiev V. P. , Tolstov A. V. , Kruk N. N. , Pokhilenko L. N. , Ivanova O. A.
Published: April 2024

The analysis of the state of the mineral resource base of strategic types of solid minerals in Russia in general and in Siberia in particular has been carried out. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the development of the resource base of lithium, rare earth metals, ordinary and impact diamonds in Siberia. The characteristics of a number of deposits and options for their development were assessed, taking into account the quality of ores, geographical location, the state of the infrastructure and the level of development of technologies for ore dressing and obtaining end products. The prospects for the development of the raw material base of niobium and rare earth metals within the Tomtor massif and the territory of the Udzha uplift as a whole are assessed. Summary results of long-term regional field and laboratory studies of the distribution and compositional variations of Cr-pyrope garnet, the most informative of the set of indicator minerals for determining the potential diamond content of kimberlites, selected from uneven-aged intermediate reservoirs of the Siberian Platform, are presented. Based on these results, areas within the platform were identified with signs of the presence of new fields of potentially diamond-bearing kimberlites of the Middle Paleozoic age. A mineralogical description and assessment of the technological characteristics of impact diamonds from the Popigai astrobleme and from the ejection zone in its frame is given. The prospects of creating a new large area of the extractive industry on the raw material base of strategic materials in the territory of the Lena-Khatanga interfluve are substantiated
Scandium Ore Occurrences in the Ancient Weathering Crust in the Nakyn Kimberlite Field of Yakutia
Authors: Ignatov P. A. , Eremenko R. U. , Tolstov A. V. , Ovchinnikov I. M.
Published: April 2024

In the Malo-Botuobinsky, Sredne-Markhinsky, and Ygyattinsky diamond-bearing areas of the Western Yakutian kimberlite province, the prerequisites and signs of scandium deposits in ancient weathering crusts overlying Lower Paleozoic rocks and associated with zones of ancient reservoir and soil oxidation. According to X-ray fluorescence and ICP MS analyses, in the Nakyn kimberlite field of the Sredne-Markhinsky diamond-bearing region, promising ore occurrences and scandium concentration halos have been established in clay deposits of redeposited weathering crusts of the Dyakhtar Formation of Late Triassic–Early Jurassic age. They are confined to the erosional surface of Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks and Middle Paleozoic traps, with monzonite porphyries and kimberlites cutting through them, covered on top by a sedimentary cover of Jurassic terrigenous deposits. Concentration anomalies of scandium in clays of the Dyakhtar Formation are localized mainly in deluvial clay deposits of paleowatersheds and gravitate to the intersections of tectonic disturbances. The depth of their occurrence does not exceed 100 m, which is quite favorable for the extraction of scandium by borehole in situ leaching. Concentrations of scandium were detected at one of the sites before 262 g/t in Late Triassic weathering crust, including material from a Middle Paleozoic gabbro dike, as well as overlying colluvial clays of the Dyakhtar formations with a maximum of 462 g/t.
Mineralogy and Conditions of Formation Genesis of Aggregates of Natural and Sulfide Minerals of the Poldnevskoe Demantoid Deposit (Middle Urals)
Authors: Murzin V. V. , Varlamov D. A. , Karaseva E. S. , Kisin A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Polymineral aggregates of rounded shapes (“nodules”) composed of native and sulfide minerals of Cu, Ni, Fe, Ag, and other elements from vein magnetite–calcite–chrysotile rocks with jewelry demantoid in the Korkodinskoe hypermafic massif are described. A common feature of the six identified types of native sulfide nodules, composed of native copper, heazlewoodite, pentlandite, cuprite, and other native sulfide minerals, is their spheroidal shape, which makes them similar to individual grains of other gangue minerals (calcite, magnetite, etc.). In heazlewoodite–pentlandite nodules, specific symplectites of mercuric silver and nickel copper in heazlewoodite, as well as awaruite in Co–pentlandite, were found. The matching set of ore minerals in the host serpentinite vein mass (native copper, mercuric silver, heazlewoodite, pentlandite, awaruite) and nodules from the vein material indicates their genetic connection and the conjugation of demantoid mineralization with the evolving processes of serpentinization. It was established that the nodules formed at temperatures below 380°C under reducing conditions at very low sulfur fugacity values (10–17–10–27 bar) and oxygen (10–30 bar at 200°C to 10–21 bar at 350°C). For heazlewoodite–pentlandite nodules, such conditions persisted throughout the entire time of their formation, while, for other nodules, the reducing conditions of early parageneses were replaced by oxidative conditions in late parageneses, which is recorded by the replacement of native copper with cuprite. It is assumed that the features of the morphology and structure of native sulfide nodules and the presence of symplectite intergrowths of ore minerals in them are associated with specific conditions created during the decompression of the crust-mantle mixture rising to the surface in the fault zone. The source of the metals was a deep, high-temperature fluid interacting with mafic and ultramafic rocks under reducing conditions at a low water-to-rock ratio.
Occurrence of Carbonated Groundwater and Hydrocarbons at the Uranium Deposits of the Khiagda Ore Field (Republic of Buryatia)
Authors: Solodov I. N. , Nesterova M. V.
Published: April 2024

A generalization of unpublished and published data since 1985 on biogeochemical, hydrogeochemical, geochemical, mineralogical studies and soil geochemistry at uranium deposits of the Khiagda ore field in the Vitim uranium ore district made it possible to reveal a genetic relation of deep cold carbonated hydrocarbonate–magnesium groundwater containing dissolved hydrocarbons (HCs) to uranium mineralization and ore preservation. The through penetration of epigenetic HCs was traced from the disintegration zone of basement granitoids through overlying sedimentary ore-bearing and volcanosedimentary rocks up to overlying fractured basalts. The assemblage of clarified rocks–HCs–siderites–uranium phosphates U(IV) was commonly found. Carbonated hydrocarbonate–magnesium groundwater and anomalous HC contents in soils can be additional criteria for identifying the Vitim-type uranium deposits in the Trans-Baikal region.
Sulfide Mineralization of Carbonate–Silicate Veins in Early Proterozoic Metabasites of North Karelia: Mineral Assemblages, Mineral Forms of Silver, and Fluid Inclusions
Authors: Volkov I. S. , Prokofiev V. Yu. , Kozlovskii V. M. , Pertsev A. N.
Published: April 2024

The work presents the first data on sulfide mineralization in carbonate–silicate veins, which are widespread on the islands and coast of the White Sea (North Karelia), associating with Early Proterozoic metamorphosed gabbroid bodies. The veins with Fe–Cu sulfide mineralization up to ore occurrences are localized within metabasite bodies and along their contacts with host gneisses. During the study of the mineral composition of the veins, the main assemblages of sulfide minerals were identified: chalcopyrite –bornite ± chlorite ± selenides and Pb–Ag tellurides (B1); digenite–bornite ± selenides and Pb, Ag, and Pd tellurides (B2); pyrite–bornite ± chalcopyrite (B3); marcasite–pyrite–bornite–chalcopyrite (B4); and siegenite–chalcopyrite ± acanthite ± chlorargyrite. The development of sulfide associations, as well as quartz–chlorite aggregates, was related to the late stage of vein formation. Inductively coupled plasma and laser ablation mass spectrometry analyses showed that bornite from association B1 has the highest silver content (up to 675 ppm) and, in terms of Ag, Se, and Bi contents, is closest to bornite from low-temperature epithermal, skarn, and high-temperature vein deposits. In general, bornite is the main Ag carrier in the studied associations, while digenite containing up to 1000 ppm Ag, as well as discrete silver minerals (selenides, tellurides, acanthite, and chlorargyrite), occur in subordinate quantities. Fluid inclusions in quartz from sulfide associations, as well as from a sulfide-free carbonate–silicate vein, were studied by cryo- and thermometric methods. It is established that mineralization at the late stages of vein formation was related to heterogeneous CO2–H2O–NaCl metamorphic fluid. Carbon dioxide fluid inclusions were captured by vein quartz at temperature of 253–314°C and pressure of 2 ± 1 kbar. Water–salt inclusions were captured in a wider temperature range of 100–500°С. The highest temperature fluid inclusions with temperatures of homogenization 300°С are characteristic of quartz veinlets of the siegenite–chalcopyrite association with Ag sulfide and chlorargyrite.
Magmatic–Fluid System of the Vysokogorskoe Porphyry Tin Deposit (Sikhote-Alin, Kavalerovo Ore District, Primorsky Krai, Russia): a Magmatic Stage
Authors: Sokolova E. N. , Smirnov S. Z. , Sekisova V. S. , Bortnikov N. S. , Gorelikova N. V. , Thomas V. G.
Published: April 2024

Inclusions of the mineral-forming media in quartz of the Vysokogorskoe deposit are studied in detail. The compositions of the melts correspond to peraluminous potassium granites of normal alkalinity, depleted in rare alkalis, F, and Cl. The water content in the melts reached 7–9 wt %; CO2 and CH4 were also important in mineralizing fluids. Quartz crystallized at 620–650°C. Assemblages of four types have been identified as primary fluid inclusions: (1) inclusions of carbonate or sulfate aqueous solutions coexisting with melt inclusions, (2) low-density vapor-dominated primarily magmatic inclusions, (3) presumably postmagmatic low-salinity aqueous and vapor-dominated inclusions, and (4) multiphase fluid inclusions associated with vapor-dominated ones also formed at the postmagmatic stage. Daughter pyrosmalite–(Fe) and hibbingite, which was found for the first time in inclusions from quartz of the Vysokogorskoe deposit, made it possible to characterize the solutions as high-salinity chloride Na/K and Fe2+. Presumably, those solutions may have been the most efficient in Sn transport during the formation of fluid–explosive breccias and vein mineralization of the Vysokogorskoe deposit. The magma chamber itself most likely served as a heat source and, to a large extent, a source of aqueous fluid for the hydrothermal system of the deposit.
Structure, Mineralogical, and Geochemical Features and Formation Conditions of Ore Veins in the Mo Porphyry Shakhtama Deposit (Eastern Transbaikalia)
Authors: Yurgenson G. A. , Kiseleva G. D. , Dolomanova-Topol A. A. , Kovalenker V. A. , Petrov V. A. , Abramova V. D. , Yazykova Yu. I. , Levitskaya L. A. , Trubkin N. V. , Taskaev V. I. , Karimova O. V.
Published: April 2024

The results of a comprehensive detailed study of the vein structure, mineral zoning of veins, and mineral typomorphism of the Shakhtama deposit obtained on the basis of new samples from poorly studied horizons are given. The results obtained show that the Mo resources of the deposit are far from being exhausted, and the typomorphic features of ore minerals indicate that base metal mineralization associated with Au (Ag), also continues to a depth, along with Mo. The presence of rare Sr mineral, svanbergite, in the Shakhtamа deposit and the typomorphic properties of ore minerals testify in favor of the near-surface origin of the exposed mineralization. The succession of mineral formation has been established. Based on the study of ore and metasomatic zonality, fluid inclusions and isotopic data, as well as the composition of structural impurities in molybdenite, conclusions were made of the formation conditions of ore mineralization in a porphyry ore-forming system.
Relation between Magmatic and Tectonic Processes in the Formation of the Oceanic Crust to the South of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone (North Atlantic)
Authors: Peyve A. A. , Sokolov S. Yu. , Razumovsky A. A. , Ivanenko A. N. , Patina I. S. , Bogolyubskiy V. A. , Veklich I. A. , Denisova A. P.
Published: April 2024

The article presents new data on the structure and relationship of tectonic and magmatic processes during the formation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between the Charlie Gibbs and Maxwell fracture zones in the North Atlantic. It is shown that this region is characterized by significant reduction in volcanism, which leads to the excavation of low crustal and upper mantle rocks to the surface. Both individual inland oceanic complexes of the most varied configurations and extended sublatitudinal ridges composed of plutonic rocks are formed. Our analysis showed that this formation setting existed for at least 14‒16 Ma. The formation of most internal oceanic complexes is associated not only with tectonic factors, but also with the serpentinization of peridotites, which leads to a decrease in density, an increase in volume, and, as a result, to the emergence of large ultrabasic massifs, including separated blocks of gabbroids, dolerites, and basalts. Numerous zones of sliding, crushing, abrasion and deformation of rocks indicate tectonic movements. The study region is characterized by numerous non-transform displacements of different amplitudes, which are formed under conditions when relative displacements of oceanic lithosphere segments are realized in wide areas undergoing shear and extension deformations. The morphology of the emerging tectonic-magmatic structures of the region is determined by tectonic factors. The exceptions are cases when the volumes of melts entering the surface in a short period of time are significantly higher than the average for a certain segment of the rift valley. The analysis performed shows the presence within the region of sources of magnetic anomalies that are heterogeneous in nature, both of volcanic origin and associated with manifestations of superimposed tectonic activity.
Neotectonic Structure of the Northern Framing of the Ubsunur Depression and Its Relation to Active Faults (Republic of Tuva, Russia)
Authors: Sokolov S. A. , Garipova S. T. , Yushin K. I. , Butanaev Y. V. , Zelenin E. A. , Ovsyuchenko A. N. , Maznev S. V.
Published: April 2024

New data on Oligocene-Quaternary sediments, recent (Neogene-Quaternary) structure and active faults of the northern side of the Ubsunur Basin at its boundary with the Tannu-Ola Ridge uplift, based on structural interpretation of remote sensing materials and field work, including trending of active faults, are presented. In the north of the Ubsunur Basin, two parageneses of faults with different geological nature, structural and relief-forming significance were identified. The first paragenesis is represented by the North-Ubsunursky hidden thrust and associated deformations that developed during Neogene‒Quaternary and which form the boundary of the depression and the mountain uplift. The second paragenesis includes the South Tannuol and Erzin-Agordag faults, which cut structures of the first paragenesis and which are active in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Periods of intensive development of parageneses replace each other in time.
Neotectonics and Geological Structure of the Sevan Intermountain Basin (Armenia): New Structural and Paleontological Data
Authors: Shalaeva E. A. , Trifonov V. G. , Trikhunkov Ya. I. , Titov V. V. , Avagyan A. V. , Sahakyan L. H. , Simakova A. N. , Frolov P. D. , Sokolov C. A. , Vasiliyeva M. A. , Bachmanov D. M. , Ovakymyan G. M.
Published: April 2024

The article presents new data obtained as a result of field research in 2022 Sevan intermountain depression in Armenia. The emergence of the Sevan intermountain depression in the Miocene was associated with the development of the Sevan almond-shaped structure, bounded by the right-lateral Pambak‒Sevan‒Syunik fault zone in the northeast, the Garni zone in the south, and the Arpa‒Zangezur zone in the southwest. Within the Sevan almond-shaped structure, strike-slip structures of Small Sevan (western part of Lake Sevan) and Gavar almond-shaped structure, Gavar horst, a number of faults, as well as extension zones were formed, including the southern part of Greater Sevan (eastern part of Lake Sevan) and axial zone of the Geghama Range. The development of the Sevan intermountain depression continued in the Pliocene under the influence of the uplift of the Lesser Caucasus and the Armenian Highlands. We have summarized the available data on the geological structure and geodynamics of the Sevan intermountain depression, presented the obtained data on the stratigraphy of the Pliocene–Quaternary deposits and their position, and showed that during the Akchagyl transgression at the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary, sedimentary accumulations did not occur in the Sevan intermountain depression.
Comparative Analysis of Gas-Geochemical Data from Ground-Based and Satellite Observations of the Sakhalin Island and Its Shelf (Northeast Russia): Tectonic Consequences
Authors: Syrbu N. S. , Kholmogorov A. O. , Stepochkin I. E. , Khazanova E. S.
Published: April 2024

The transitional zone of the marginal seas of the Asia‒Pacific region is a significant object for geological research, the large deposits of hydrocarbons (oil, gas, gas condensate, gas hydrates) have been discovered in the regions of the transition zone. The article gives an interpretation of the main gas-geochemical and geological-tectonic regularities of the occurrence and distribution of methane and carbon dioxide fields of different types on the shelf of Sakhalin Island. A study of the gas-geochemical parameters of the emitted gases in the “continent‒shelf” transit zone was carried out based on comparison of field studies and satellite observation data. The data of satellite observation of Sakhalin Island and its shelf are presented to identify the relationship between seismic events and changes in the level of methane concentration in the atmospheric air (in particular, on the example of the methane discharge regime of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky mud volcano). Remote sensing data are compared with the results of the field studies, and an assessment is made of the potential using satellite observation methods for studying the gas geochemical composition of the methane and carbon dioxide field. The results obtained can make it possible to refine the assessment of the emission of climatically active gases, and also bring the significant incentive to the development of the Russian Federation project “Far Eastern Marine Carbon Monitoring Plots Consortium”.
Seismotectonic Consequences of the Strong Earthquake Mauli (February 27, 2010, Mw = 8.8) in Chile: Digital Modeling of the Crust Stress-State of the Western Margin of the South American Plate
Authors: Morozov V. N. , Manevich A. I.
Published: April 2024

This article presents seismotectonic consequences of the strong Mauli earthquake in Chile, which occurred on the February 27, 2010, Mw = 8.8. The consequences are considered as a manifestation of a large-scale fragment of the general seismotectonic process on the western edge of the South American plate (Chilean sector). Our study shows that manifestations of postseismic processes of the Maule earthquake cover a much larger area compared to the epicentral zone of the aftershocks. Based on the comparison of the results of numerical modeling of the stress-strain state before and after the earthquake, seismological, geodetic, and satellite data, an alternative model of the development of the seismotectonic process in the Chilean sector of the South American plate was proposed. The stress-strain modeling was performed by the finite element method. The source of the Mauli earthquake, at a depth of 33 km, falls into the region of relatively high values of compression stresses and positive maximum shear stresses. It was shown, that other strong earthquakes of the Chilean sector in the interval of depths from 20 to 50 km are caused by high concentration of tectonic stresses in the region of transition from oceanic to continental lithosphere. Within the framework of the proposed model of the seismotectonic process, ruptures weaken the contact between the oceanic and continental lithosphere after strong earthquakes. Abrupt sinking of the continental lithosphere into the mantle causes an increase in viscous melt pressure, promotes penetration into mega-cracks, and rises to the surface, causing subsequent volcanic eruptions. It is shown that the results obtained in comparison with the coseismic consequences of earthquakes do not contradict these results of numerical modeling and give new insights into the structure of the lithosphere in the continent‒ocean transition zone and the development of the seismotectonic process.
Geological Structure of Deep-Submerged Complexes of Sedimentary Basins: Hydrogeological Anomalies and Oil and Gas Potential as a Result of Implementation of Deep-Seated Fluids (on Example of the South Mangyshlak Fields)
Authors: Popkov V. I. , Larichev V. V. , Popkov I. V.
Published: April 2024

The authors of the article substantiate the induced nature of hydrogeological anomalies in deep-submrged complexes of sedimentary basins. As a result of significant catagenetic transformations, the rocks of the lower hydrogeological floor have practically lost their primary capacitance-filtration properties. The water saturation of the rock matrix, the focal nature of the development of secondary reservoirs against the background of extremely low permeability of the surrounding strata makes it impossible to develop elision flows. This causes the high sensitivity of the lower floor to various compression processes, including those caused by the intrusion of the deep high-energy fluid flows. The injection of these fluid flows into low-permeability strata leads to the formation of centers of desalinated waters of various hydrochemical types, from hydrocarbonate-sodium to calcium chloride, and also to the formation of hydrodynamic anomalies. When moving away from the intrusion channels, the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical parameters gradually level off, approaching the background value. It is shown that when fluids are difficult to move upward, hydraulic fracturing occurs in the layers into which the oil-water mixture enters under high pressure. The injection of fluids into the formation is accompanied by the decompression of low-permeability strata, the formation of additional fractures, and the formation of secondary voids of metasomatic origin. As a result, secondary reservoirs of complex morphology are formed, filled with hydrocarbons. The coincidence in terms of hydrogeochemical and hydrodynamic anomalies, areas of secondary reservoirs with distinct traces of metasomatosis and associated accumulations of oil and gas indicate their genetic relationship. The oil and gas reservoirs and their accompanying hydrogeological anomalies are considered on the example of the fields of the South-Mangyshlak oil and gas region, which is part of the North Caucasian-Mangyshlak oil and gas province.
Seismotectonic Analysis and Development of the Mathematical Model of the Stress-Strain State of the Earth’s Crust in the Zone of Collision of the Western Tien Shan with the Pamir Arc
Authors: Sadykov Yu. M. , Atabekov I. U. , Ibragimov R. S.
Published: April 2024

The seismotectonics of the Western Tien Shan is determined by collisional processes in the zone of interaction between the Southern Tien Shan and the Pamir arc. This process contributes to maintaining the high seismic potential of the region, as evidenced by the destructive earthquakes that have taken place here from ancient times to the present and their traces - seismic dislocations. Strong earthquakes are genetically associated with areas of intense movements in recent and modern times, with zones of active faults. An improved map of the active faults of the Western Tien Shan has been constructed and, on its basis, a mathematical model of the stress-strain state has been constructed using the Stokes equations. At the same time, the dynamic influence zones of the South Fergana and North Fergana faults are additionally included in the model. At the same time, a significant correction was obtained in the distribution of stresses in the earth’s crust of the region. The velocity fields of modern movements of the Western Tien Shan corresponding to GPS data are analyzed. The displacement velocity vectors are grouped in the direction into several zones. The nodes of intersection or articulation of movements of different directions are assigned to the most tectonically stressed areas. The most active seismic zones are identified on the basis of these nodes and the resulting stresses. They are compared to similar areas with a high concentration of strong earthquakes.
Structural Styles of Thrust Zones of the Urals and Pay-Khoi Foredeep
Authors: Sobornov K. O.
Published: April 2024

The article presents an interpretation of geophysical data characterizing the structure of the frontal fold and thrust zones of the Urals and Pay-Khoi, which show the diversity of structural styles of deformations in the study region. The following structural styles of deformations are considered: classical-style thrust zones, which are in-sequence thin-skinned imbrication systems (i); areas of distribution of wedge-shaped allochthons, composed of duplex tectonic plates that are not reflected in the sub-surface layers (ii); inversion zones where faults associated with Ural rifting are transformed into thrust faults (iii); areas whose structure is determined by the deformation of salt diapirs and extrusion of salt (iv); zone, tectonic thickening of the Precambrian complexes overlain by the Paleozoic cover (v). Interpretation of historical and new data on the structure of fold belts makes it possible to significantly update understanding of the structure and development of areas such as zones of wedge-shaped thrusts, areas of development of squeezed salt diapirs, and areas where reactivation and tectonic thickening of Precambrian complexes occurred due to the reactivation of pre-existing faults. New seismic data provided constraints on the magnitude of horizontal displacements in the thrust zones as well as timing of shortening. For the first time they have revealed the development of arrays of small-scale protothrusts.
The Deep Structure of the Proterozoic Complex of the Sedimentary Cover of the East European Platform: Oil and Gas Potential
Authors: Bashkova S. E. , Kozhevnikova E. E. , Yakovlev Yu. A. , Karaseva T. V. , Bоtalova A. V.
Published: April 2024

The article considers the features of the geological structure and formation of the sedimentary Proterozoic complex. It is shown that the Upper Precambrian deposits on ancient platforms are thick, have similar sedimentation conditions, and are characterized by the presence of oil and gas source strata with high generation potential and the presence of large deposits. The authors scrutinized the main trends and identified the regularities of the geological structure of the Riphean‒Vendian complex of the European part of Russia. Riphean‒Vendian sedimentary deposits are widespread on the East European Platform and fill extensive rift-aulacogen depressions. The largest depressions are the Kamsko-Belsky trough, which is the main zone of Riphean sedimentation in the Volga‒Ural oil and gas province (OGP), the Vychegodsky trough in the Mezen syneclise, and the Pachelma and Central Russian aulacogenes in the Moscow syneclise. The authors performed mathematical processing of materials on the geological structure of the basement surface and Riphean‒Vendian deposits of the Volga‒Ural oil and gas province, which made it possible to establish statistically significant relationships with the ancient basement and regularities in the structure of sedimentary strata. On the territory of the European part of Russia in the Riphean‒Vendian deposits, industrial and non-industrial oil inflows, oil and gas occurrences of various intensity were recorded at various stratigraphic levels, have been established.
Structure of the Lithosphere and Conditions of Formation of Oceanic Rises in the Sub-Antarctic Sector of the South Atlantic Using Density and Physical Modeling
Authors: Dubinin E. P. , Ryzhova D. A. , Chupakhina A. I. , Grokholsky A. L. , Bulychev A. A
Published: April 2024

The kinematic reorganization of plate boundaries, accompanied by the cessation of old spreading centers and the formation of new ones, and manifestations of plume magmatic activity in the southeastern part of the Antarctic sector of the South Atlantic led to the formation of a complex structural plan of the region. As a result of these processes, a system of ridges, rises, and plateaus with varying morphological expressions and different geophysical characteristics were formed. Results of density modeling of the crust and lithosphere structure along profiles extending from the Falkland Plateau to the Mozambique Ridge and crossing a series of rises and ridges separated by deepwater basins showed that rises have different crustal structures, indicating different origins. The conditions for the formation of different types of submarine rises were studied based on physical modeling. A new experimental model of lithosphere and submarine rises formation in the region was constructed, in which the fracture of the large Agulhas magmatic province into the Agulhas Plateau and the Northeast Georgia rise played an important role, as did the accretion of oceanic crust on the Agulhas spreading ridge and subsequent jump of the spreading axis, leading to the cessation of spreading on this ridge and the formation of the southern segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and its associated Meteor and Islas Orcadas rises. Jumps of spreading axes, accompanied by the periodic activity of hotspots, played an important role in the formation of submarine rises of different genetic types, which determined the different structures of their crust.
The Nature of the Puchezh-Katunki Impact Structure (the Central Part of the East European Platform): Results of the U‒Th‒Pb Isotope System Study of Detrital Zircons from Explosive Breccias
Authors: Shalaeva E. A. , Novikova A. S. , Dubenskiy A. S. , Erofeeva K. G. , Sheshukov V. S. , Kolodyazhny S. Yu. , Kuznetsov N. B. , Romanyuk T. V. , Strashko A. V.
Published: April 2024

The Puchezh-Katunki crater is located in the central part of the East European Platform in the area of the Gorky Reservoir, has a diameter of ~80 km and is morphologically expressed by the central uplift of the basement (Vorotilov knoll) and the ring depression surrounding it, on the periphery of which there is a ring terrace. The crater is filled with various coptogenic (explosive (?)) formations – breccias of various types, bodies of suvites and tagamites. The results of studying the U‒Th‒Pb isotopic system of detrital zircon grains from variegated explosive Puchezh breccias in the northwestern part of the ring terrace (three samples) are presented. The weighted average of the three youngest U‒Pb datings of detrital zircon from all studied samples is 258 ± 7 Ma, which corresponds to the Late Permian. We took this dating as the lower age limit of the Puchezh breccias. A comparison of the age sets of detrital zircon grains from the samples studied by us and from (i) crystalline rocks of the Vorotilov knoll and ring depression suvites and (ii) Upper Permian–Lower Triassic sandstones of the Zhukov ravine reference section (Moscow syneclise) was carried out. The absence among the detrital zircon from the Puchezh breccia grains, whose U‒Th‒Pb isotopic system is comparable with the parameters of zircon from the rocks of the Vorotilov knoll and suvites, indicates the local nature of the Puchezh-Katunki explosion, in which the impact-thermal impact did not affect the detrital zircons in rocks of the marginal part of the annular terrace of the crater. The high similarity of the sets of ages of detrital zircon grains from the lens of redeposited sandstones of the Puchezh breccias and Upper Permian rocks of the Zhukov ravine section indicates that the Puchezh breccias were formed mainly due to the recycling of the Upper Permian–Lower Triassic sequences underlying the explosive formations. We consider the Uralides paleoorogen as the main source for the deposits of the central regions of the East European Platform in the stratigraphic interval close to the Permian–Triassic boundary. The deposits were formed as a result of a high degree of mixing and averaging of clastic material of sedimentary flows containing the Uralian and Asha provenance signals.
Geodynamics and Early Cretaceous Magmatism of the Northern Volcanic-Plutonic Belt of Verkhoyan-Kolyma Fold Area (Northeastern Russia)
Authors: Luchitskaya М. V. , Gertseva М. V. , Sysoyev I. V.
Published: April 2024

New data on the geological position, U‒Pb SIMS zircon ages, petro-geochemical features, Sr‒Nd isotopic composition and geodynamic setting of the granitoids and volcanites of the Northern volcanic-plutonic belt, Verkhoyan-Kolyma fold area, are presented. Magmatites of the belt include granitoids of Elikchan, Kuranakh, Bakyn plutons, composed of elikchansky granite-granodiorite complex, and volcanites of predominantly intermediate-felsic Tumusskaya sequence with subvolcanic bodies of the same composition. They form single Early Cretaceous (127–121 Ma) volcanic-plutonic assemblage. Granitoid plutons are elongated in sub-latitudinal-northwestern direction and are discordant to main fold and thrust structures. Granitoids intrude and metamorphose Jurassic terrigenous and Early Cretaceous volcanites of Tumusskaya sequence and are cut by younger Late Cretaceous subvolcanic bodies. Granitoids of Bakyn, Elikchan and Kuranakh plutons combine petro-geochemical features of I-, S- and A-type granites. Such diversity of petro-geochemical granitoid types as well as interrelations of major (\({\text{F}}{{{\text{e}}}_{{\text{2}}}}{\text{O}}_{3}^{{{\text{tot}}}}\)–TiO2–MgO) and rare (Ba/La–Nb × 5–Yb × 10) elements in granitoids and the same age volcanites of Tumusskaya sequence allow to refer them to magmatites of transform margin or plates translation boundaries. Collision between Chukotka microcontinent and Siberian continent with earlier accreted Kolyma-Omolon microcontinent in Barremian-Aptian time changed to post-collisional extension and formation of volcanic-plutonic assemblage of the Northern volcanic-plutonic belt. Post-collisional extension took place in the regime of plates translation boundaries. Sr–Nd isotopic characteristics of granitoids of all plutons indicate the interrelation of mantle and crustal sources of granitoid melts in this process.