bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global, regional, and national burden of cancers attributable to occupational risks from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Ling Shiliang , Zhou Lihong , Wu Yanfeng , Zhang Xiaoling , Han Wulong , Cui Lihua , Luan Zhiyu
Published: July 2024

Background

Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease study, the burden of cancer attributable to occupational risks between 1990 and 2019 was explored.

Methods

The estimated burden in different regions was compared in terms of the age-standardized death rates (ASDRs), age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates, and corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). The comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the risk of death and DALYs attributable to occupational risk factors.

Results

Globally from 1990 to 2019, ASDRs decreased (EAPC = −0.69; 95% CI: −0.76 to −0.61), and age-standardized DALY rates decreased (EAPC = −0.99; 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.94). In terms of the global age distribution of cancer attributable to occupational risk factors, the death rate and DALY rates increased with age. In addition, from 1990 to 2019, the number of deaths, DALYs, ASDRs, and age-standardized DALY rates in men were higher than those in women, and the cancer burden grew fastest in Georgia (EAPC = 5.04), Croatia (EAPC = 4.01), and Honduras (EAPC = 3.54). Moreover, as the sociodemographic index (SDI) value of a country or region increased, its burden of cancer attributable to occupational risk factors rapidly increased.

Conclusions

The global cancer burden attributable to occupational risk factors declined from 1990 to 2019, was higher in men than in women, and was concentrated in middle-aged and older adults. The baseline cancer burdens of regions or countries increased as their SDI values increased and were especially high in high-SDI regions or countries.
Neuroprotection for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Griauzde Julius , Chaudhary Neeraj , Gemmete Joseph J , Pandey Aditya S , Xi Guohua
Published: July 2024

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a highly morbid condition. Neurological injury in ICH is the result of primary and secondary mechanisms. Traditional neuroprotective therapy in ICH has centered on mitigation of primary neurological injury. More recently, secondary mechanisms of neurological injury, including inflammation, oxidative stress, blood–brain barrier disruption, apoptosis, and brain iron overload, have been investigated as potential targets for neuroprotection. Our understanding of neuroprotection continues to evolve, and novel neuroprotectants are currently under investigation. Combination therapies, which disrupt injurious mechanisms at several points, may be investigated in the future. Several compounds have been shown to have neuroprotective properties in animal models of ICH and other types of neurological injury. These therapies act by improving coagulation, enhancing clot removal, and chelating iron. There is, however, no convincing scientific evidence that any of these agents benefit ICH patients.
Role of chemotherapy in colorectal cancers
Authors: Parisier Ethan L. , Ocean Allyson J.
Published: July 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for almost 10% of cancer diagnoses and is the second most common cause of cancer death. Since the advent of chemotherapy like 5-fluorouracil, new, efficacious therapeutic modalities have emerged, leading to treatment choices becoming increasingly individualized and specific. Despite these advances, chemotherapy plays a significant role in adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and systemic treatment. The use of chemotherapy is limited in early-stage CRC, where curative resection is more likely. However, adjuvant therapy is considered if tumours display clinicopathologic features that increase the chance of recurrence. Chemotherapy, often alongside targeted therapies, is more integral when treating metastatic CRC, with decision-making influenced by genetic mutations, a patient’s treatment history, and the possibility of surgical resection of metastases.
Diverticular disease
Authors: Kumar Ravin R. , Michel-Ruddy John A.
Published: July 2024

Acute diverticulitis is one of the most common indications for hospitalization and one of the leading indications for elective and emergency colon surgery. The diagnosis of diverticulitis can be made clinically, relying on history, physical, and laboratory results alone, especially in patients who have had previous confirmed episodes of diverticulitis. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis is the imaging modality of choice. Sensitivity and specificity have been shown to be as high as 98% and 97%, respectively. The presence of perforation, abscess, obstruction, or fistula formation define complicated diverticulitis. Patients with mild, uncomplicated diverticulitis can often be treated successfully on an outpatient basis.
Combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery (CELS)
Authors: Yoon Dong Hum , Cologne Kyle , Lee Sang W.
Published: July 2024

Combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery (CELS) is a unique surgical approach developed to manage benign appearing polyps that are endoscopically unresectable. This technique combines the benefits of the laparoscopic extraluminal and endoscopic luminal modalities to allow for complete and safe endoscopic resection of difficult polyps. The laparoscopic aspect also allows the surgeon to detect and repair full-thickness injuries from the endoscopic resection in real time. Alternatively, the endoscopic intraluminal perspective allows for complete resection of polyps during laparoscopic colonic wedge resection. The implementation of both modalities is synergistic in allowing for polyp resection without a colectomy. Though large randomized control studies are lacking, the outcomes, safety, and efficacy of CELS have been reported in multiple small series, and it remains an important part of a surgeon’s armamentarium.
Thoracic
Authors: Morchi Ravi
Published: July 2024

An examination-oriented review of thoracic surgery, the chapter starts with tracheal stenoses, fistulae, and operative approach. This is followed by pulmonary anatomy, lymphatics, and diagnostic and functional lung testing. It then describes the workup and treatment of carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. Commonly tested benign lung pathology follows. Pleural disease including infection, chylothorax, pneumothorax and hemothorax are the subject of the next section. The chapter then moves into mediastinal anatomy, surgical access, and a comprehensive review of mediastinal masses including diagnosis and treatment. Mediastinal infection is also summarized. The chapter closes with a brief outline of chest wall masses and a short summary of lung transplant.
Optical spectroscopic classification of a selection of Southern Hemisphere 3FHL blazar candidates
Authors: Marais J P , van Soelen B
Published: July 2024

The Fermi-LAT has detected more than 7000 $\gamma$-ray sources which show emission above 50 MeV of which more than half are associated with blazars. However, the Fourth Fermi-LAT catalogue (4FGL-DR4) lists 1625 of these as blazar candidates of uncertain type. Increasing the number of classified Fermi-LAT sources is important for improving our understanding of extragalactic $\gamma$-ray sources and can be used to search for new classes of very high energy sources. We report on the optical spectroscopy of twelve blazar candidates with hard photon indices included in the Third Catalogue of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources during 2016 and 2017 using the SAAO 1.9-m telescope. We classify all the sources observed as BL Lac objects, and determine the potential spectroscopic redshift for seven of them.
Dark energy survey year 3 results: miscentring calibration and X-ray-richness scaling relations in redMaPPer clusters
Authors: Kelly P M , Jobel J , Eiger O , Abd A , Jeltema T E , Giles P , Hollowood D L , Wilkinson R D , Turner D J , Bhargava S , Everett S , Farahi A , Romer A K , Rykoff E S , Wang F , Bocquet S , Cross D , Faridjoo R , Franco J , Gardner G , Kwiecien M , Laubner D , McDaniel A , O’Donnell J H , Sanchez L , Schmidt E , Sripada S , Swart A , Upsdell E , Webber A , Aguena M , Allam S , Alves O , Bacon D , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carretero J , Collins C A , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , Davis T M , Doel P , Ferrero I , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Giannini G , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Hilton M , Hinton S R , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Mann R G , Marshall J L , Mena-Fernández J , Miller C J , Miquel R , Myles J , Palmese A , Pieres A , Plazas Malagón A A , Rooney P J , Sahlen M , Sanchez E , Sanchez Cid D , Schubnell M , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Stott J P , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , To C , Viana P T P , Weaverdyck N , Wiseman P ,   DES Collaboration
Published: July 2024

We use Dark Energy Survey Year 3 (DES Y3) clusters with archival XMM–Newton and Chandra X-ray data to assess the centring performance of the redMaPPer cluster finder and to measure key richness observable scaling relations. We find that 10–20 per cent of redMaPPer clusters are miscentred, both when comparing to the X-ray peak position and to the visually identified central cluster galaxy. We find no significant difference in miscentring in bins of low versus high richness or redshift. The dominant reasons for miscentring include masked or missing data and the presence of other bright galaxies in the cluster. For half of the miscentred clusters, the correct central was one of the possible centrals identified by redMaPPer, while for ∼40 per cent of miscentred clusters, the correct central is not a redMaPPer member mostly due to masking. Additionally, we fit scaling relations of X-ray temperature and luminosity with richness. We find a TX–λ scatter of $0.21\pm 0.01$. While the scatter in TX–λ is consistent in redshift bins, we find modestly different slopes, with high-redshift clusters displaying a somewhat shallower relation. Splitting based on richness, we find a marginally larger scatter for our lowest richness bin, 20 < λ < 40. We note that the robustness of the scaling relations at lower richnesses is limited by the unknown selection function, but at λ > 75, we detect nearly all of the clusters falling within existing X-ray pointings. The X-ray properties of detected, serendipitous clusters are generally consistent with those of targeted clusters.
Patients’ considerations of time toxicity when assessing cancer treatments with marginal benefit
Authors: Gupta Arjun , Brundage Michael D , Galica Jacqueline , Karim Safiya , Koven Rachel , Ng Terry L , O’Donnell Jennifer , tenHove Julia , Robinson Andrew , Booth Christopher M
Published: July 2024

Background

Effective techniques for eliciting patients’ preferences regarding their own care, when treatment options offer marginal gains and different risks, is an important clinical need. We sought to evaluate the association between patients’ considerations of the time burdens of care (“time toxicity”) with decisions about hypothetical treatment options.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter, mixed-methods study that evaluated patients’ attitudes and preferences toward palliative-intent cancer treatments that delayed imaging progression-free survival (PFS) but did not improve overall survival (OS). We classified participants based on if they spontaneously volunteered one or more consideration of time burdens during qualitative interviews after treatment trade-off exercises. We compared the percentage of participants who opted for treatments with no PFS gain, some PFS gain, or who declined treatment regardless of PFS gain (in the absence of OS benefit). We conducted narrative analysis of themes related to time burdens.

Results

The study cohort included 100 participants with advanced cancer (55% women, 63% age > 60 years, 38% with gastrointestinal cancer, and 80% currently receiving cancer-directed treatment. Forty-six percent (46/100) spontaneously described time burdens as a factor they considered in making treatment decisions. Participants who mentioned time (vs not) had higher thresholds for PFS gains required for choosing additional treatments (P value .004). Participants who mentioned time were more likely to decline treatments with no OS benefit irrespective of the magnitude of PFS benefit (65%, vs 31%). On qualitative analysis, we found that time burdens are influenced by several treatment-related factors and have broad-ranging impact, and illustrate how patients’ experiences with time burdens and their preferences regarding time influence their decisions.

Conclusions

Almost half of participating patients spontaneously raised the issue of time burdens of cancer care when making hypothetical treatment decisions. These patients had notable differences in treatment preferences compared to those who did not mention considerations of time. Decision science researchers and clinicians should consider time burdens as an important attribute in research and in clinic.
Moduli Spaces of (Co)Closed G2-Structures on Nilmanifolds
Authors: Bazzoni Giovanni , Gil-García Alejandro
Published: July 2024

We compute the dimensions of some moduli spaces of left-invariant closed and coclosed $\mathrm{G}_2$-structures on 7-dimensional nilmanifolds, showing that they are not related to the third Betti number. We also prove that, in contrast to the case of closed $\mathrm{G}_2$-structures, the group of automorphisms of a coclosed $\mathrm{G}_2$-structure is not necessarily abelian.
Speech-Gesture Matching and Schizotypal Traits: A Network Approach
Authors: Polner Bertalan , Jamalabadi Hamidreza , van Kemenade Bianca M , Billino Jutta , Kircher Tilo , Straube Benjamin
Published: July 2024

Background and Hypothesis

Impaired speech-gesture matching has repeatedly been shown in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Here, we tested the hypothesis that schizotypal traits in the general population are related to reduced speech-gesture matching performance and reduced self-reports about gesture perception. We further explored the relationships between facets of schizotypy and gesture processing in a network model.

Study Design

Participants (1094 mainly healthy adults) were presented with concrete or abstract sentences accompanied with videos showing related or unrelated gestures. For each video, participants evaluated the alignment between speech and gesture. They also completed self-rating scales about the perception and production of gestures (Brief Assessment of Gesture scale) and schizotypal traits (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire—Brief 22-item version). We analyzed bivariate associations and estimated a non-regularized partial Spearman correlation network. We characterized the network by analyzing bridge centrality and controllability metrics of nodes.

Study Results

We found a negative relationship between both concrete and abstract gesture-speech matching performance and overall schizotypy. In the network, disorganization had the highest average controllability and it was negatively related to abstract speech-gesture matching. Bridge centralities indicated that self-reported production of gestures to enhance communication in social interactions connects self-reported gesture perception, schizotypal traits, and gesture processing task performance.

Conclusion

The association between impaired abstract speech-gesture matching and disorganization supports a continuum between schizophrenia and schizotypy. Using gestures to facilitate communication connects subjective and objective aspects of gesture processing and schizotypal traits. Future interventional studies in patients should test the potential causal pathways implied by this network model.
Unveiling impaired vascular function and cellular heterogeneity in diabetic donor-derived vascular organoids
Authors: Naderi-Meshkin Hojjat , Wahyu Setyaningsih Wiwit A , Yacoub Andrew , Carney Garrett , Cornelius Victoria A , Nelson Clare-Ann , Kelaini Sophia , Donaghy Clare , Dunne Philip D , Amirkhah Raheleh , Zampetaki Anna , Zeng Lingfang , Stitt Alan W , Lois Noemi , Grieve David J , Margariti Andriana
Published: July 2024

Vascular organoids (VOs), derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), hold promise as in vitro disease models and drug screening platforms. However, their ability to faithfully recapitulate human vascular disease and cellular composition remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that VOs derived from iPSCs of donors with diabetes (DB-VOs) exhibit impaired vascular function compared to non-diabetic VOs (ND-VOs). DB-VOs display elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), heightened mitochondrial content and activity, increased proinflammatory cytokines, and reduced blood perfusion recovery in vivo. Through comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing, we uncover molecular and functional differences, as well as signaling networks, between vascular cell types and clusters within DB-VOs. Our analysis identifies major vascular cell types (endothelial cells [ECs], pericytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells) within VOs, highlighting the dichotomy between ECs and mural cells. We also demonstrate the potential need for additional inductions using organ-specific differentiation factors to promote organ-specific identity in VOs. Furthermore, we observe basal heterogeneity within VOs and significant differences between DB-VOs and ND-VOs. Notably, we identify a subpopulation of ECs specific to DB-VOs, showing overrepresentation in the ROS pathway and underrepresentation in the angiogenesis hallmark, indicating signs of aberrant angiogenesis in diabetes. Our findings underscore the potential of VOs for modeling diabetic vasculopathy, emphasize the importance of investigating cellular heterogeneity within VOs for disease modeling and drug discovery, and provide evidence of GAP43 (neuromodulin) expression in ECs, particularly in DB-VOs, with implications for vascular development and disease.
Which knowledge is required in exams on analysis 1 courses at German universities?
Authors: Kolbe Tim , Liebendörfer Michael
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe the knowledge that is required in exams on Analysis 1 courses at German universities. To do so, we use the distinction between procedural and conceptual knowledge that is frequently used in the literature on mathematics education. For a more detailed analysis, we developed further categories for our coding scheme that better reflect the interaction of procedural and conceptual knowledge required to complete tasks. Using this coding scheme, we coded 49 exams from 12 out of 16 federal states in Germany, consisting of a total of 741 tasks. The analysis revealed that 69% of the tasks could be solved by recalling information or using procedural knowledge with only minor conceptual knowledge required, whilst 31% required substantial conceptual knowledge. Based on this analysis, we assume that most exams can be passed by focusing the knowledge of facts and procedures. These results indicate a discrepancy between the teaching focus on conceptual knowledge and the knowledge assessed, which is discussed.
Inter-generational consistency of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community in a mixed pine–cedar post-fire stand
Authors: Livne-Luzon Stav , Avidar Mor , Herol Lior , Rog Ido , Klein Tamir , Shemesh Hagai
Published: July 2024

The mutualistic interaction between trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) can have a major effect on forest dynamics and specifically on seedling establishment. Here, we compared the EMF community composition associated with the roots of young saplings and mature trees of two co-habiting Pinaceae: Pinus halepensis and Cedrus deodara growing together in a post-fire forest plot, using fungal ITS metabarcoding. We found that the differences in the EMF community between the two sapling groups were mostly attributed to changes in the relative abundance of specific fungal species, with little species turnover. Specifically, Tomentella showed high abundance on pine roots, while Tuber, Russula and Sebacina were more common on the roots of cedars. The physical proximity to a specific host species was correlated with the EMF community composition of young saplings. Specifically, regardless of the sapling’s own identity, the roots of saplings growing next to mature cedars had higher abundance of Tuber species, while Tomentella coerulea (Höhn. & Litsch), Russula densifolia (Secr. ex Gillet) and Tuber nitidum (Vittadini) dominated saplings next to mature pines. Cedar saplings’ shoot structure was correlated with a specific EMF species. Overall, these results suggest that when germinating next to mature trees, the EMF community of saplings could be determined by extrinsic factors such as the small-scale distribution of mature trees in the forest.
Observations from the Bedside
Authors: Kirton Carl A.
Published: July 2024

When the nurse becomes the patient
AI in Nursing: The Wild West?
Authors: Roush Karen
Published: July 2024

Survey highlights potential patient safety problems with AI-generated reports
Palliative Care in Rural Communities
Authors: Fasolino Tracy , Mayfield Megan E. , Valentine Kathleen , Rosa William E. , Koci Anne
Published: July 2024

Rural communities in the United States are frequently marginalized and misrepresented. These communities face unique challenges, such as limited access to health care, nutritious food, and clean water, that contribute to persistent health disparities. This article presents the CARE (Complex, Access, Resourceful, Extraordinary) framework, which illustrates the dichotomy of rurality—its negative and positive aspects—in order to inform the development of palliative care delivery in rural settings. Various palliative care models are described that address access gaps, bolster provider capacity, and increase the provision of specialty palliative care. However, workforce shortages and reimbursement structures restrict the expansion of these services. Nurses, the largest segment of the health care workforce and the most trusted professionals, must partner with interdisciplinary colleagues and rural communities to advocate for equitable and inclusive care.
Self-Determination of Eligibility for Medication Abortion Without Ultrasonography Using a History-Based Tool
Authors: Kerestes Courtney , Tschann Mary , Pearlman Shapiro Marit , Berry Erin , Gawron Lori , Soon Reni , Kaneshiro Bliss
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate a self-screening eligibility tool for medication abortion without an ultrasonogram.

METHODS:

We designed a patient-administered, five-question screening tool (LMP-SURE) that assesses gestational age plus factors associated with misdating or ectopic pregnancy. We recruited participants without prior ultrasonograms from family planning clinics in Alaska, Hawai‘i, Idaho, and Utah to complete a brief survey including LMP-SURE and then obtained ultrasound dating by chart review. We compared eligibility for medication abortion by ultrasonogram with eligibility by the LMP-SURE screening tool.

RESULTS:

We consented 1,026 participants; 781 met eligibility requirements and completed the tool. Using the LMP-SURE tool, we identified 493 participants (65.1%) eligible for medication abortion without an ultrasonogram. The LMP-SURE tool sensitivity (ability to correctly identify a patient ineligible for medication abortion) was 83.8% (95% CI, 73.1–90.8), specificity (ability to correctly identify a patient eligible for medication abortion) was 70.0% (95% CI, 66.4–73.3), likelihood ratio (−) (probability of someone eligible by LMP-SURE to be ineligible by ultrasonogram vs eligible by ultrasonogram) was 0.23 (95% CI, 0.13–0.40), and percentage of false-negatives was 1.5%. Only 11 patients (1.5%) who met eligibility for medication abortion without an ultrasonogram by the LMP-SURE tool were found ineligible for medication abortion by their ultrasonogram. Of those with conflicts, six (0.8%) had a gestational age beyond 77 days. The two participants (0.3%) diagnosed with ectopic pregnancies both required ultrasonograms by LMP-SURE.

CONCLUSION:

This patient-facing, brief, history-based screening tool can safely minimize the need for ultrasonogram before medication abortion.
Perinatal Remote Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Lewkowitz Adam K. , Hauspurg Alisse
Published: July 2024

Perinatal mortality and severe maternal morbidity among individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are often driven by persistent, uncontrolled hypertension. Whereas traditional perinatal blood pressure (BP) ascertainment occurs through in-person clinic appointments, self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) programs allow individuals to measure their BP remotely and receive remote management by a medical team. Though data remain limited on clinically important outcomes such as maternal morbidity, these programs have shown promise in improving BP ascertainment rates in the immediate postpartum period and enhancing racial and ethnic equity in BP ascertainment after hospital discharge. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of perinatal SMBP programs that have been described in the literature and the data that support their efficacy. Furthermore, we offer suggestions for practitioners, institutions, and health systems that may be considering implementing SMBP programs, including important health equity concerns to be considered. Last, we discuss opportunities for ongoing and future research regarding SMBP programs' effects on maternal morbidity, long-term health outcomes, inequities that are known to exist in HDP and HDP-related outcomes, and the cost effectiveness of these programs.
Setting the stage for pain relief: how treatment setting impacts interdisciplinary multimodal pain treatment for patients with chronic back pain
Authors: Maser Dustin , Müßgens Diana , Kleine-Borgmann Julian , Kincses Balint , Schmidt Katharina , Elsenbruch Sigrid , Müller Daniel , Bingel Ulrike
Published: July 2024

While interdisciplinary multimodal pain treatment (IMPT) is an effective treatment option for chronic low back pain, it is usually accomplished as an inpatient treatment incurring substantial healthcare costs. Day hospital IMPT could be a resource-saving alternative approach, but whether treatment setting is associated with differences in treatment outcomes has not yet been studied. In a retrospective matched cohort study including data from N = 595 patients diagnosed with chronic back pain and undergoing IMPT at the back pain center in Essen, Germany, we investigated the association between treatment setting (ie, inpatient or day patient of an otherwise identical IMPT) and pain intensity, disability, and self-efficacy after treatment. Outcomes were assessed by questionnaires used in clinical routine, collected at pre-IMPT, post-IMPT, and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. The results indicate that day patients showed greater improvements in pain-related disability at 3-month post-IMPT (d = 0.74) and in pain intensity at 6-month post-IMPT (d = 0.79), compared to a matched sample of inpatients. Moreover, day patients achieved higher scores in pain-related self-efficacy at discharge, 3- and 6-month post-IMPT (d = 0.62, 0.99, and 1.21, respectively) and reported fewer incapacity-for-work days than inpatients at 6-month post-IMPT (d = 0.45). These data suggest that day hospital IMPT can be as effective as inpatient treatment and might even be more effective for the less afflicted patients. Further research regarding treatment setting and indication could guide optimized and cost-efficient treatments that are more closely tailored to the individual patient's needs.
Comparative analysis of virulence gene profiles of Escherichia coli from human and non-human sources in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Abeni Barira Azeez , Frank-Peterside Nnenna , Otokunefor Kome
Published: July 2024

Traditionally, the presence of virulence features has been thought to be a key factor in differentiating pathogenic from commensal strains. An understanding of the virulence potential of Escherichia coli isolates from various sources is essential to shed light on potential contamination/transmission rates between the various sources. This study was therefore aimed at exploring the occurrence of specific virulence genes and gene profiles associated with E. coli from human and non-human sources in Rivers State, Nigeria. Two hundred samples from human (urine and faeces) and non-human (soil and poultry droppings) sources (50 each) were analysed using standard microbiological procedures. DNA was extracted from isolates presumptively identified as E. coli using the Presto Mini gDNA Bacteria-Kit Quick protocol following the manufacturer’s instructions. Isolate identities were confirmed using E. coli-specific 16S rRNA primers, and confirmed isolates were screened for the presence of six virulence genes [afimbriae binding adhesin (afa), type 1 fimbriae (fimH) and P-fimbrial usher protein (papC)], iron acquisition systems: aerobactin (aer), cytotoxic necrotizing factor I (cnf1) and alpha-hemolysin (hly). Results showed that all isolates harboured at least one of the tested virulence genes, with fimH (97%) as the most prevalent virulence gene and papC the least commonly occurring (35%). A higher occurrence of virulence genes was noted in non-human isolates, though hly and cnf were not detected at all in any of the isolates studied (0%). Ten different profiles were observed with the afaCc-aer-fimH profile the most commonly occurring virulence gene profile being in general (33.3%). For non-human isolates, however, aer-afaCc-fimH-papC was the most commonly occurring profile (42.9%). This study shows that the test E. coli from human and non-human sources do not carry distinct virulence gene profiles. Studies on a larger subset of isolates would however be necessary to determine if the virulence genes tested in this study really cannot be used to tell whether an isolate is from a human source or not in the South–South of Nigeria.
Unraveling the nexus: social entrepreneur intention and socioeconomic development with mediating role of entrepreneurial knowledge
Authors: Gul Samina , Limongi Ricardo , Syed Hassan Waleed Ul
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Social entrepreneurship is a topical issue in the context of entrepreneurial intention. Our quantitative study seeks to explore the complex and dynamic nexus of the ever-evolving landscape of entrepreneurial intentions, which results in socioeconomic development through the mediating influence of entrepreneurial knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

The South Asian region was considered a research population, considering its characteristics and inclination toward social entrepreneurial activities. The required data were collected using an online survey questionnaire. 330 questionnaires were mailed online to the targeted participants, and 239 responses were received and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software.

Findings

The study found a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial intention and socioeconomic development. A 1% improvement in entrepreneurial intention corresponds to a 40% increase in socioeconomic development and 17% enhancement in entrepreneurial knowledge. Our study also demonstrates that a 1% improvement in entrepreneurial intention brings about a substantial improvement of 26% in socioeconomic development when mediated by entrepreneurial knowledge.

Research limitations/implications

It is recommended that intentional learning spaces focus on intensifying social entrepreneurial intention and develop mechanisms for knowledge transfer platforms to facilitate knowledge sharing among social entrepreneurs. Organizations may support and take initiatives to bridge the gap between experienced and novice social entrepreneurs. Institutions may introduce incentive structures that promote sustainable entrepreneurship, highlight social entrepreneurs’ success stories, and emphasize the linkage between intention, knowledge, and positive societal outcomes.

Originality/value

Owing to the lack of literature and inadequate empirical research, our study was articulated to enhance existing knowledge and postulate the basis for high-order empirical studies in the context of social entrepreneurial intention backed by entrepreneurial knowledge. Moreover, this study provoked entrepreneurial intention based on the theory of planned behavior with the mediating influence of entrepreneurial knowledge, which adds a distinctive dimension to social entrepreneurial intention, enhances research originality, and provides practical implications for individuals seeking to thrive in dynamic environments.
Indoor CO2 phytoremediation using ornamental plants: A case study in Gresik, Indonesia
Authors: Tangahu Bieby Voijant , Przybysz Arkadiusz , Mashudi Mashudi , Popek Robert , Faz M. Rosichunal Ilmi , Titah Harmin Su‐listiyaning , Purwanti Ipung Fitri , Pismanik Mariia , Mangkoedihardjo Sarwoko
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, people tend to spend more time indoor, especially in the home and office environment. Indoor air pollution such as CO2 is prevalent in domestic rooms because it is emitted mostly from human metabolism and daily activities such as cooking. This study aims to examine the change of CO2 concentration in the office of company providing logistic services located in Gresik (Indonesia) as a response to phytoremediation and evaluate the effectiveness of selected ornamental plants in controlling CO2 level. The study employed two plants species namely Maranta leuconeura E. Morren and Epipremnum aureum (Linden & André) G. S. Bunting to be placed in the first floor whereas the similar rooms in second floor were used as a control (without plants). The CO2 level in all rooms have previously been measured and compared to quality standard. The required quantity of each plant was calculated based on CO2 pollution load, office dimension, and CO2 removal rate of plants. The presence of plants did not reduce CO2 levels in the studied offices. In none of the offices with plants CO2 concentrations dropped to the recommended levels. However, the plants maintained relatively stable CO2 concentrations, unlike offices without plants, where the concentrations fluctuated and single peaks of increased concentrations were recorded. Room characteristics, exposure to sunlight, placement location of plants, and other external factors may affect efficiency of indoor phytoremediation.
Patterns of morphological evolution in the raptorial appendages of praying mantises
Authors: Izquierdo‐López Alejandro , Kiesmüller Christine , Gröhn Carsten , Haug Joachim T. , Haug Carolin , Hörnig Marie K.
Published: July 2024

Mantodea (praying mantises) is a group of exclusively predatory insects, which, together with nonraptorial blattodeans (cockroaches and termites) and groups exclusively found in the fossil record, form the group Dictyoptera. A central characteristic of Mantodea is the specialization of their first pair of legs as raptorial grasping appendages, but the evolution from walking to raptorial legs is not yet fully understood. Here, we trace the evolution of the raptorial appendages in Dictyoptera through time using a morphometric (morphospaces) approach. We also describe two new mantodean nymphs preserved in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene, which expand the scarce mantodean fossil record. Blattodean and mantodean appendages appear distinct in morphospace, but several appendages of fossil non‐mantodeans can be considered raptorial, providing a potential transitional link between walking and raptorial morphotypes. Therefore, we discuss potential mantodean affinities for other predatory fossil dictyopterans. We examine changes across extant mantodeans, characterized by a straightening of the tibia especially associated with the rise of the diversification of the Mantidea and discuss whether a thickening of the femur could reflect an early adaptation to cursorial hunting.
An international perspective on the use of community engagement by conservation practitioners to support the management of inhabited islands
Authors: Nance Alexandra H. , Clarke Rohan H. , Cook Carly N.
Published: July 2024

Successful island conservation is critical to achieving global biodiversity targets, but significant gaps remain in our understanding of how to effectively engage island communities in conservation efforts. Social and political factors often play a major role in decision‐making processes on inhabited islands, making effective community engagement critical. To better understand the issue, we conducted an international survey of practitioners across 43 islands to understand how they engage with local communities and which methods they consider to be most effective to support their conservation goals. Most respondents used at least one form of community engagement, many using five or more different methods. Communicative and consultative modes of engagement were most commonly used, which require fewer resources and less intensive participation by the community, while only half used the more demanding collaborative approaches to engagement. Indigenous co‐management was reported by practitioners to be the most effective method for positive engagement and to support conservation outcomes, and was implemented on two‐thirds of islands with an indigenous population. Our study supports the view that practitioners consider community engagement an important part of island conservation management, but that there is a tendency for practitioners to rely on one‐way communication, rather than more resource intensive, collaborative approaches to working with communities. Future research should investigate how the communities themselves perceive different engagement methods to gain the full picture of engagement effectiveness.
Retrograde coronary venous ethanol ablation for ventricular tachycardia in a patient with inaccessible substrate due to previous surgery
Authors: Weinand Nicholas , Thind Munveer , Pomerantz Brian , Hu Tiffany , Stevenson William G. , Richardson Travis
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Catheter‐based radiofrequency (RF) ablation is generally regarded as the standard approach for patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) refractory to antiarrhythmic drug therapy and may be considered as a first‐line approach when there is a preference to avoid these agents. Patients with a history of cardiac surgery may have VT substrate inaccessible to catheter ablation due to intervening prosthetic materials or scar.

Methods and Results

This article describes a 55‐year‐old patient with a history of surgically repaired subvalvular aortic stenosis and subsequent valve‐sparing root replacement who presented with sustained VT. After RF ablation failed due to VT substrate “guarded” by graft material, retrograde coronary venous ethanol ablation (RCVEA) was employed to successfully treat the clinical VT.

Conclusion

RCVEA ablation can be useful for treating VT when conventional ablation is limited by inaccessible substrate due to prior cardiac surgery.
The Impact of Brexit on Women, Peace and Security in Northern Ireland: Spotlight on Violence Against Women
Authors: Wright Katharine A. M. , McAreavey Ruth , Donaldson Rebecca
Published: July 2024

The impact of Brexit on Northern Ireland (NI) is now well established; however, less attention has been given to the impact on women, despite the applicability of the Women, Peace and Security agenda. In this policy commentary, we detail the impact Brexit has had on the issue of violence against women in NI. This is timely, given that the NI Executive Office has developed an Ending Violence against Women and Girls (VAWG) Strategic Framework, of which the adoption was identified as a priority on the resumption of the NI Assembly in February 2024. In addition to the repercussions of ‘Brexit politics’ resulting in the suspension of Stormont, which stymied the adoption of the strategy, we examine what has been lost in terms of funding, data collection, benchmarking and legal protections, all of which contribute to addressing VAWG in NI. We conclude with policy points to address the issues arising.
Challenges in posttransplantation care for kidney transplant recipients: A qualitative study highlighting gaps in psychological, social and exercise support
Authors: De Beir Jasmine , De Baets Stijn , Vandecruys Marieke , Renier Marie , De Smet Stefan , Van Craenenbroeck Amaryllis H. , Van Biesen Wim , Nagler Evi V. , Verbeke Francis , Calders Patrick , Vanden Wyngaert Karsten
Published: July 2024

Background

Kidney transplantation offers meaningful health improvements compared to dialysis, yet the quality of life and life expectancy of kidney transplant recipients still lag behind those of their healthy peers. Physical inactivity and poor physical fitness are prevalent among kidney transplant recipients, affecting overall life participation.

Objectives

To explore challenges hindering life participation for kidney transplant recipients and reveal facilitators and barriers to integrating rehabilitation into their daily lives.

Design

An explorative study using a qualitative method.

Participants

Fourteen purposively selected kidney transplant recipients.

Approach

Semistructured, individual interviews were conducted posttransplantation. The following topics were covered: living with chronic kidney disease, pretransplantation challenges, posttransplantation recovery, engagement in various activities, including physical activity, and the need for supervised exercise rehabilitation programmes. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and an inductive thematic analysis approach was used.

Findings

Data saturation occurred after analysing 12 interviews, revealing two main themes: the impact on life participation and the impact on physical and mental functioning. Participants expressed the need for comprehensive posttransplant care, including mental health support, family education and guidance on returning to work. Structured support in managing physical fitness, tailored to individual preferences, was also recognised as important.

Conclusions

The study underscores the necessity for a biopsychosocial approach to posttransplant care that addresses the multifaceted challenges faced by kidney transplant recipients. A multidisciplinary approach, tailored support, education and individualised exercise programmes are crucial for enhancing their overall well‐being and integrating rehabilitation into their daily lives, considering both physical and psychosocial aspects.
Sexuality education for school‐aged children and adolescents: A concept analysis
Authors: Carmichael Nelly , Amiri Azita
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Sexuality education is essential for children and adolescents to make better choices regarding their sexual well‐being. Parents, teachers, and healthcare providers are not always comfortable talking to school‐age children about sex, making sexuality education a concept of interest to be explored. The purpose of this paper is to explain the concept of sexuality education in school‐aged children and adolescents.

Design and Methods

This paper uses Walker and Avant's concept analysis to help clarify its meaning. The sexuality education concept is explored in this article in the views of educating school systems K‐12 with three types of sexuality education (abstinence‐only, abstinence‐plus, and comprehensive sexuality education). Literature from 1990 to 2023 was retrieved using PubMed, Google Scholar, and CINAHL.

Results

A model case is used to demonstrate the importance of sexuality education. A borderline case and a related case are proposed to explain other uses of the concept. Defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents are explored. Antecedents of sexuality education are grouped into three categories: resources, political environment, and social beliefs.

Practice Implications

A conceptual understanding of sexuality education can foster nurses' confidence in talking to their patients about this topic and encourage nurses to advocate for comprehensive sexuality education nationwide.
Evolving intellectual property protection for new corn varieties in the United States: An empirical analysis
Authors: Chan H. Phoebe
Published: July 2024

The US aﬀirmed patent protection for genetically modified plant traits in 1985, asserting that firms could patent new hybrid plant varieties when formerly plant variety protection was the primary means to protect hybrid varieties. This paper examines how firms' intellectual property choices have changed for new corn varieties created during the years 1985–2012. The data suggests that firms increasingly rely on patent protection as their only form of intellectual property protection for new varieties. For varieties with patent protection, low‐valued varieties, as determined by low patent renewal rates, receive less net benefit from obtaining plant variety protection compared to high‐valued varieties.
On the convergence of a linearly implicit finite element method for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Asadzadeh Mohammad , Zouraris Georgios E.
Published: July 2024

We consider a model initial‐ and Dirichlet boundary–value problem for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two and three space dimensions. The solution to the problem is approximated by a conservative numerical method consisting of a standard conforming finite element space discretization and a second‐order, linearly implicit time stepping, yielding approximations at the nodes and at the midpoints of a nonuniform partition of the time interval. We investigate the convergence of the method by deriving optimal‐order error estimates in the and the norm, under certain assumptions on the partition of the time interval and avoiding the enforcement of a Courant‐Friedrichs‐Lewy (CFL) condition between the space mesh size and the time step sizes.
Influence of Thermal Gradients and Arctic Temperatures on the Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behavior of Woven Carbon and Woven Kevlar® Composites
Authors: Buendia Lucero , Torres Itzel , Ornelas Alejandro , Castellanos Alejandra
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the impact of thermal gradients (−60/23 °C), arctic temperature (−60 °C), and room temperature (23 °C) on the tensile and flexural properties of woven carbon and Kevlar® fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials. A novel custom-built environmental chamber was employed to simulate thermal gradients by exposing opposite sides of the samples to −60 °C and 23 °C simultaneously. The woven carbon and Kevlar® FRP composite materials were manufactured using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. Then, the samples were conditioned at three distinct temperatures: −60 °C, 23 °C, and a thermal gradient of −60/23 °C. After conditioning, they were subjected to tensile and flexural testing to evaluate their mechanical properties. Finally, a detailed fractographic analysis was performed. The results showed that both carbon and Kevlar® FRP composites experienced an increase in their tensile and flexural properties (stiffness and strength) at lower temperatures (−60/23 °C and −60 °C), accompanied by a decrease in strain at failure when compared to samples tested at 23 °C. The main failure mechanism observed was fiber fracture for all the carbon FRP composite samples across all temperatures. In contrast, Kevlar® samples exhibited a combination of fiber fracture, matrix cracking, and delamination. The samples exposed to thermal gradients experienced brittle failure behavior, like the ones seen in the samples exposed to −60 °C. Their tensile and flexural properties showed intermediate values, falling between the samples conditioned to −60 °C and 23 °C.