bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do we study misogyny in the digital age? A systematic literature review using a computational linguistic approach
Authors: Fontanella Lara , Chulvi Berta , Ignazzi Elisa , Sarra Annalina , Tontodimamma Alice
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, despite centuries of striving for equality, women still face higher levels of discrimination compared to men in nearly every aspect of life. Recently, this systemic inequality has manifested in cyberspace through the proliferation of abusive content that is even more aggressive than what one would expect in the 21st century. Various research disciplines are now attempting to characterise this new manifestation of misogyny. The endeavour to comprehend this phenomenon has resulted in a significant increase in publications from several fields, including Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Psychology, and Computer Science. This paper presents a systematic review of multidisciplinary research on misogyny from the years 1990 to 2022, encompassing a total of 2830 articles retrieved from the Scopus database as of December 31, 2022. The literature is thoroughly analysed using three approaches: bibliometric analysis, topic detection, and qualitative analysis of the documents. The findings suggest that the analysis of online misogyny has been the primary driver behind the exponential growth in publications in this field. Additionally, the results of the topic analysis and topic interaction reveal a limited connection between the areas of knowledge that are necessary to fully grasp this complex phenomenon.
Accelerated global optimization of metal cluster structures via the deep neural network complemented with transfer learning and genetic algorithm
Authors: Yang Qi , Li Zi-Yu , Rodríguez-Kessler Peter L. , He Sheng-Gui
Published: April 2024

Searching the global minimum (GM) structures of metal clusters is of great importance in cluster science. Very recently, the global optimization method based on deep neural network combined with transfer learning (DNN-TL) was developed to improve the efficiency of optimizing the GM structures of metal clusters by greatly reducing the number of samples to train the DNN. Aiming to further enhance the sampling efficiency of the potential energy surface and the global search ability of the DNN-TL method, herein, an advanced global optimization method by embedding genetic algorithm (GA) into the DNN-TL method (DNN-TL-GA) is proposed. In the case of the global optimization of Ptn (n=9–15) clusters, the DNN-TL-GA method requires only a half number of samples at most with respect to the DNN-TL method to find the GM structures. Meanwhile, the DNN-TL-GA method saves about 70%-80% of computational costs, suggesting the significant improved efficiency of global search ability. There are much more samples distributed in the area of the potential energy surface with low energies for DNN-TL-GA (25% for Pt14) than for DNN-TL (<1% for Pt14). The success of the DNNTL-GA method for global optimization is evidenced by finding unprecedented GM structures of Pt16 and Pt17 clusters.
First-principles study on switching performance and spin filtering efficiency of dimethyldihydropyrene/cyclophanediene single-molecule devices with zigzag graphene nanoribbon electrodes
Authors: Zheng Chang-Feng , Mu Yan-Qi , Li Zong-Liang , Zhang Guang-Ping
Published: April 2024

Molecular devices with high switching performance and/or the perfect spin filtering effect have always been the pursuit with the development of molecular electronics. Here, by using the nonequilibrium Green’s function method in combination with the density functional theory, the switching performance and spin filtering properties of dimethyldihydropyrene (DHP)/cyclophanediene (CPD) photoswitchable molecule connected by carbon atomic chains (CACs) to two zigzag graphene nanoribbon electrodes have been theoretically investigated. The results show that DHP is more conductive than CPD and therefore an evident switching effect is demonstrated, and the switching ratio (RON/OFF) can reach 4.5 x 103. It is further revealed that the RON/OFF of DHP /CPD closely depends on the length of CACs. More specifically, the RON/OFF values of DHP /CPD with odd-numbered CACs are larger than those with even-numbered CACs. More interestingly, a high or even perfect spin filtering effect can be obtained in these investigated DHP /CPD single-molecule devices. Our study is helpful for future design of single-molecule switches and spin filters and provides a way to optimize their performance by means of varying the length of bridging CACs.
Effect of surface oxygen on dissociation of methane on Cu(100)
Authors: Lv Fengqi , Xu Yuanjie , Li Yong-Wang , Yu Xin , Yang Yong
Published: April 2024

Clean and O-(22×2) R45° Cu(100) surfaces were prepared to study the impact of surface oxygen on the activation of methane dissociation. Auger electron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscope, and a quadrupole mass-spectrometer for temperature programmed desorption were used to explore the behavior of CH4 on the two surfaces. The dissociative adsorption of CH4 was observed on oxygen-pre-covered Cu(100) but not on the clean surface indicating surface oxygen promotes the dissociation of the C–H bond. This study can be a reference for the conversion of methane into other high-value-added products with high efficiency and low energy consumption.
Energy-transfer in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals: Sensitization of porphyrin triplets
Authors: Lu Yinjie , Chen Zongwei
Published: April 2024

Sensitizing molecular triplets by colloidal nanocrystals via triplet energy transfer is important for applications such as upconversion or organic synthesis. Typically two step triplet energy transfer (TET) are included in these applications: firstly the triplet energy stored in nanocrystals are extracted into surface ligands, and then the ligands further transfer triplet energy into molecules in bulk solution. Here we report one-step TET application from CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) to surface-anchored metalloporphyrin derivative molecules (MP). Compared to conventional two-step TET, the one-step TET mechanism possess lower energy loss and higher TET efficiency which is more generally implementable. In this scheme, photoexcitation of CsPbBr3 NCs leads to the sensitization of MP ligands triplets which efficiently emit phosphorescence. The enhanced light absorption of MP ligands and down-shifted photon emission can be useful in devices such as luminescent solar concentrators.
Photodissociation dynamics of nitrous oxide: The O(1D)+N2(X1Σg+) product channel
Authors: Yang Shuaikang , Wu Yucheng , Luo Zijie , Li Zhenxing , Hua Wei , Chang Yao , Wang Xingan , Yuan Kaijun , Yang Xueming
Published: April 2024

Photodissociation of nitrous oxide (N2O) in the ultraviolet region has been revisited by using the time-sliced velocity map ion imaging technique, due to its importance in atmospheric chemistry. The images of O(1D) photofragments are recorded at 203.814 nm and 205.472 nm in one-color experiments and at eight photolysis wavelengths between 200 and 220 nm in two-color experiments. The rotational state distributions and angular anisotropy parameters of the N2(X1Σg+) co-products are derived from the images. The results indicate that the rotational state distributions are inverted with the maximum around J≈70. The anisotropy parameter β mainly shows two declines as the N2 rotational quantum number Jincreases. According to theoretical calculations [J. Chem. Phys. 136, 044314 (2012)], the variations in β with J are caused by changes in the extent of axial recoil from a linear initial configuration. In the high-J region, however, additional torque exists on the ground state potential energy surface following nonadiabatic transitions, inducing both the additional rotational excitation and the lower β values. Compared to previous works, the two-color experiments combined with single vacuum ultraviolet photonionization of O(1D) allow us to acquire both the rotational state distribution and angular distribution accurately. This work deepens our understanding of triatomic molecule decomposition.
Frequency-stabilized mid-infrared laser source for precision spectroscopy
Authors: Tan Yan-Dong , Chen Jinjin , Zhou Yong , Cheng Cun-Feng , Hu Shui-Ming
Published: April 2024

Precision measurements on molecules in the strong fundamental bands are of great importance. An ac curate mid-infrared light source is a key for these studies. By locking the signal and pump light to an optical frequency comb, a high-precision continu ous-wave optical parametric oscillator source is built, and the mid-infrared frequency drift is deter mined to be less than 1 kHz. As a demonstration, saturated absorption spectroscopy of the R(14) (00011)–(00001) line of 13CO2 is measured, and the transition frequency is determined to be 68786813496(29) kHz. The frequency-stabilized mid-infrared laser source provides an opportunity for precision measurements of molecules in fundamental bands.
Adsorption of O2 on cationic gold clusters: Analyses on bonding strength and extent of activation
Authors: Hu Jin , Huang Lulu , Liu Wen , Jin Zhengqian , Wang Xuefeng , Xing Xiaopeng
Published: April 2024

We explored the adsorption of O2 on cationic gold clusters by combining cluster reaction experiments and theoretical calculations. Under a mild condition, Au10+ can readily adsorb one O2 molecule forming Au10O2+; Au2+ and Au4+ are low-reactive, while the argon complexes Au2ArO2+ and Au4Ar1,2O2+ can easily form; all other sizes are inactive. Theoretical calculations indicate that the O2 on the linear or planar structures of Aun+ (n=2–7) and the planar isomers of Au8+ tends to be adsorbed in an end-on manner and non-activated, and so does the O2 on the large odd sizes of Aun+ with n=9, 11, and 13 determined to be three-dimensional structures. In marked contrast, the O2 on the three-dimensional isomer of Au8+ and the large even-numbered Aun+ with n=10, 12, and 14 tends to be adsorbed in a side-on manner and apparently activated. Observation of only Au2,4,10O2+, Au2ArO2+, and Au4ArO2+ in the present experiments can be well rationalized using the calculated bonding strengths and the kinetic factors.
Coverage dependent dissociative adsorption of HCl on Au(111)
Authors: Shen Qiqi , Zhu Lingjun , Wu Jiawei , Dong Wenrui , Wang Xingan , Wang Tao , Jiang Bin , Yang Xueming
Published: April 2024

Dissociative adsorption of HCl on Au(111) has become one of unsolved puzzles in surface chemistry. Despite tremendous efforts in the past years, various theoretical models still greatly overestimate the zero-coverage initial sticking probabilities (S0). To find the origin of the large experiment-theory discrepancy, we have revisited the dissociative adsorption of HCl on Au(111) with a newly designed molecular beam-surface apparatus. The zero-coverage S0 derived from Cl-coverage measurements with varying HCl doses agree well with previous ones. However, we notice a sharp change of the coverage/dose slope with the HCl dosage at the low coverage regime, which may result in some uncertainties to the fitted S0 value. This seems consistent with a coverage-dependence of the dissociation barrier predicted by density functional theory at low Cl-coverages. Our results reveal the potential inconsistency of utilizing simulations with finite coverage to compare; against experimental data with zero coverage in this system, and provide guidance for improving both experiment and theory in this regard.
Unraveling interactions and catalytic mechanisms of ionic liquid [Bmim][BF4] and styrene oxide using sum frequency spectroscopy
Authors: Meng Dujuan , Han Linyu , Liu Caihe , Zhang Yuening , Qin Xujin , Bai Yu , Guo Yuan , Zhang Zhen
Published: April 2024

The utilization of ionic liquids as versatile reaction media and catalysts has garnered significant attention in the field of green and sustainable chemistry. In this study, sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) is employed to investigate the interactions between l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) and styrene oxide (SO) at the air/liquid interface. Spectral analysis in the range of 1000 cm−1 to 3700 cm−1 reveals that only vibrational modes of C–H bonds are observed. Notably, the orientation of the epoxy ring of SO is found to be towards the bulk phase, while the three C–H groups on the imidazolium ring of the cation are parallel to the surface. Consequently, there are no observed interactions between the cation and SO. However, in the vibrational spectra of C–H bonds, interactions between the anion BF4- and the CH2 group of the epoxy ring result in blue shifts in the vibrations of CH (SO) and CH3 (cation). These findings support a proposed reaction mechanism where the ionic liquid catalyzes SO first and subsequently reacts with CO2 providing valuable insights into intermolecular interactions and molecular orientations at reaction interfaces.
Ultraviolet photoemission spectra of aqueous thymidine by liquid-microjet photoelectron spectroscopy: A combined experimental error assessment
Authors: Xu Piao , Lu Jianduo , Wang Dongdong , Li Duoduo , Long Jinyou , Zhang Song , Zhang Bing
Published: April 2024

Photoemissions from aqueous solutions are prone to elastic and inelastic electron scattering, streaming potential, and space charge effect errors; however, direct assessments of their individual contributions are still a daunting challenge. Herein, to assess how these errors in a combined experimental error manner influence on the genuine photoelectron kinetic energy (PKE) spectra, the ultraviolet PKE (or electron binding energy, eBE) spectra of aqueous thymidine at different solution flow rates and laser energies were investigated by femtosecond liquid-microjet photoelectron spectroscopy. The accurate vertical eBE value of 11.33 eV for the lbi orbital of liquid water was used to calibrate the observed eBE spectra of aqueous thymidine, and the corresponding combined experimental error for the eBE of the lbi orbital of liquid water was estimated to be about 200 meV. The average combined experimental error for the vertical eBE values of the cationic ground state D0(π−1) and the cationic first excited state D1(n-−1) of aqueous thymidine was estimated to be less than 3%, i.e., in the range of several tens of meV to 200 meV, depending on different flow rates and laser energies.
Exponential localization of odd, even, and multi-pulse discrete breathers in Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou lattices
Authors: Yoshimura Kazuyuki
Published: April 2024

Discrete breathers are spatially localized periodic solutions in nonlinear lattices. The existence of odd and even symmetric single-pulse and multi-pulse discrete breathers has been proved in the one-dimensional Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou lattices with even interaction potentials [Yoshimura and Doi, J. Differ. Equations 298, 560–608 (2021)]. We prove that those discrete breathers are exponentially localized in space.
Steel strip surface defect detection based on multiscale feature sensing and adaptive feature fusion
Authors: Mi Zengzhen , Gao Yan , Xu Xingyuan , Tang Jing
Published: April 2024

A surface defect detection method for hot-rolled steel strips was proposed to address the challenges of detecting small target defects, significant differences in morphology, and unclear defect characteristics. This method is based on multiscale feature perception and adaptive feature fusion. First, based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the steel strip image, redundant background interference is removed using automatic gamma correction and Otsu thresholding. Second, based on the characteristics of surface defects in steel strips, this paper proposes TDB-YOLO (YOLO with a small target detection layer), a Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN), and Double Cross Stage Partial (CSP) Bottleneck with three convolutions (DC3). To detect small object defects, a small target detection layer with a smaller receptive field focuses on fine-grained features, reducing the model’s probability of missed detection. In terms of feature extraction, DC3 enhances the interaction of feature information from different spatial scales, enabling the model to effectively handle features of varying scales. In terms of feature fusion, the BiFPN is used to adaptively fuse deep-level and shallow-level feature information, enhancing the semantic richness of the feature information. Ultimately, the proposed model in this paper achieved an accuracy of 90.3% and a recall rate of 88.0% for surface defects in steel strips. The mean average precision was 90.4%, and the frames per second was 33. The detection performance of this model outperformed those of other detection models, demonstrating its ability to effectively meet the real-time detection requirements of surface defects in industrial scenarios on steel strips.
Directed high-energy infrared laser beams for photovoltaic generation of electric power at remote locations
Authors: Soref Richard , De Leonardis Francesco , Daligou Gerard , Moutanabbir Oussama
Published: April 2024

Transferring energy without transferring mass is a powerful paradigm to address the challenges faced when the access to, or the deployment of, the infrastructure for energy conversion is locally impossible or impractical. Laser beaming holds the promise of effectively implementing this paradigm. With this perspective, this work evaluates the optical-to-electrical power conversion that is created when a collimated laser beam illuminates a silicon photovoltaic solar cell that is located kilometers away from the laser. The laser is a CW high-energy Yb-doped fiber laser emitting at a center wavelength of 1075 nm with ∼1 m2 of effective beam area. For 20 kW illumination of a solar panel having 0.6 m2 of area, optical simulations and thermal simulations indicate an electrical output power of 3000 W at a panel temperature of 550 K. Our investigations show that thermo-radiative cells are rather inefficient. In contrast, an optimized approach to harvest laser energy is achieved by using a hybrid module consisting of a photovoltaic cell and a thermoelectric generator. Finally, practical considerations related to infrared power beaming are discussed and its potential applications are outlined.
Shaded fraction and backtracking in single-axis trackers on rolling terrain
Authors: Anderson Kevin S. , Jensen Adam R.
Published: April 2024

A generalized closed-form equation for the shaded collector fraction in solar arrays on rolling or undulating terrain is provided for single-axis tracking and fixed-tilt systems. The equation accounts for different rotation angles between the shaded and shading trackers, cross-axis slope between the two trackers, and offset between the collector plane and axis of rotation. The validity of the equation is demonstrated through comparison with numerical ray-tracing simulations and remaining minor sources of error are quantified. Additionally, a simple procedure to determine backtracking rotations for each row in an array installed on the rolling terrain (varying in the direction perpendicular to the tracker axes) is provided. The backtracking equation accounts for a desired shaded fraction (including complete shade avoidance) as well as an axis-collector offset. Test cases are provided to facilitate implementation of these equations.
Climate change must be factored into savanna carbon- management projects to avoid maladaptation: the case of worsening air pollution in western Top End of the Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: Bowman David M. J. S. , Borchers-Arriagada Nicolas , Macintosh Andrew , Butler Donald W. , Williamson Grant J. , Johnston Fay H.
Published: April 2024

Savanna fires are a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) and particulate pollution globally. Since mid-2006, an Australian Government carbon offset program has incentivised Northern Territory land managers to undertake early dry-season savanna burning with the aim of reducing late dry-season wildfires and associated GHG emissions. The focus of this study is addressing concern that savanna burning carbon abatement projects are causing worsening air pollution in the city of Darwin. Reconstructed concentrations of daily particulate matter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) since the 1960s showed since 2000s a worsening in PM2.5 in the early dry season (May, June, July), some improvement in the late dry season (August, September, October) with little overall difference for the whole dry season. Remote-sensing PM2.5 estimates in Darwin were correlated with region-wide PM2.5 estimates during the early dry season. Remote-sensing analysis of area burned and intensity of fires since 2002 showed that savanna carbon projects have shifted burning to the early dry season and caused increases in fire intensity compared with non-project areas. Increased fire intensity appears to follow sharply declining fuel moisture, as well as management effects on carbon project areas, which have possibly undermined the efficacy of savanna burning projects in reducing GHG emissions. More thorough evaluation of underlying assumption of savanna burning carbon abatement in Australia and elsewhere in the world is required to avoid maladaptation, such as over-crediting, smoke pollution, and other environmental harms.
OASIS: An interpretable, finite-sample valid alternative to Pearson’sX2for scientific discovery
Authors: Baharav Tavor Z. , Tse David , Salzman Julia
Published: April 2024

Contingency tables, data represented as counts matrices, are ubiquitous across quantitative research and data-science applications. Existing statistical tests are insufficient however, as none are simultaneously computationally efficient and statistically valid for a finite number of observations. In this work, motivated by a recent application in reference-free genomic inference [K. Chaunget al.,Cell186, 5440–5456 (2023)], we develop Optimized Adaptive Statistic for Inferring Structure (OASIS), a family of statistical tests for contingency tables. OASIS constructs a test statistic which is linear in the normalized data matrix, providing closed-formP-value bounds through classical concentration inequalities. In the process, OASIS provides a decomposition of the table, lending interpretability to its rejection of the null. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the OASIS test statistic, showing that these finite-sample bounds correctly characterize the test statistic’sP-value up to a variance term. Experiments on genomic sequencing data highlight the power and interpretability of OASIS. Using OASIS, we develop a method that can detect SARS-CoV-2 andMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains de novo, which existing approaches cannot achieve. We demonstrate in simulations that OASIS is robust to overdispersion, a common feature in genomic data like single-cell RNA sequencing, where under accepted noise models OASIS provides good control of the false discovery rate, while Pearson’sX2consistently rejects the null. Additionally, we show in simulations that OASIS is more powerful than Pearson’sX2in certain regimes, including for some important two group alternatives, which we corroborate with approximate power calculations.
Polyphosphate affects cytoplasmic and chromosomal dynamics in nitrogen-starved
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Magkiriadou Sofia , Stepp Willi L. , Newman Dianne K. , Manley Suliana , Racki Lisa R.
Published: April 2024

Polyphosphate (polyP) synthesis is a ubiquitous stress and starvation response in bacteria. In diverse species, mutants unable to make polyP have a wide variety of physiological defects, but the mechanisms by which this simple polyanion exerts its effects remain unclear. One possibility is that polyP’s many functions stem from global effects on the biophysical properties of the cell. We characterize the effect of polyphosphate on cytoplasmic mobility under nitrogen-starvation conditions in the opportunistic pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Using fluorescence microscopy and particle tracking, we quantify the motion of chromosomal loci and cytoplasmic tracer particles. In the absence of polyP and upon starvation, we observe a 2- to 10-fold increase in mean cytoplasmic diffusivity. Tracer particles reveal that polyP also modulates the partitioning between a “more mobile” and a “less mobile” population: Small particles in cells unable to make polyP are more likely to be “mobile” and explore more of the cytoplasm, particularly during starvation. Concomitant with this larger freedom of motion in polyP-deficient cells, we observe decompaction of the nucleoid and an increase in the steady-state concentration of ATP. The dramatic polyP-dependent effects we observe on cytoplasmic transport properties occur under nitrogen starvation, but not carbon starvation, suggesting that polyP may have distinct functions under different types of starvation.
Genomes of historical specimens reveal multiple invasions of LTR retrotransposons in
Drosophila melanogaster
during the 19th century
Authors: Scarpa Almorò , Pianezza Riccardo , Wierzbicki Filip , Kofler Robert
Published: April 2024

Transposable element invasions have a profound impact on the evolution of genomes and phenotypes. It is thus an important open question how often such TE invasions occur. To address this question, we utilize the genomes of historical specimens, sampled about 200 y ago. We found that the LTR retrotransposons Blood, Opus, and 412 spread in
Drosophila melanogaster
in the 19th century. These invasions constitute second waves, as degraded fragments were found for all three TEs. The composition of Opus and 412, but not of Blood, shows a pronounced geographic heterogeneity, likely due to founder effects during the invasions. Finally, we identified species from the
Drosophila simulans
complex as the likely origin of the TEs. We show that in total, seven TE families invaded
D. melanogaster
during the last 200y, thereby increasing the genome size by up to 1.2Mbp. We suggest that this high rate of TE invasions was likely triggered by human activity. Based on the analysis of strains and specimens sampled at different times, we provide a detailed timeline of TE invasions, making
D. melanogaster
the first organism where the invasion history of TEs during the last two centuries could be inferred.
Pronoun shifts in political discourse
Authors: Phanthaphoommee Narongdej , Munday Jeremy
Published: April 2024

This article examines the English translations of former Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha’s statements on the
international stage and the shifts in the first-person pronoun. Looking at interpersonal positioning through a systemic functional
linguistic lens, we found that the translations underline the explicitness of agency, highlighting the variation of stylistic
choices and interplay with source-text politics. The shifts come with a modified degree of willingness, a more active agency, an
increase in the modality of inclination, and more force in attitude. These interpersonal overtones largely contribute to recasting
the image of the Thai government to ensure its legitimacy, promote national unity, and appeal to the international community.
These crafted translated texts seem to hone the leader’s public persona in front of global audiences by continuing to enhance the
country’s reputation, thereby maintaining the speaker’s dignity and prestige–an essential for the national leader’s image.
East Asian translations of Jean-Paul Sartre’s pre-1950 literary works
Authors: Yeung Sabrina Choi Kit
Published: April 2024

Starting from his first appearance in an East-Asian literary magazine and ending with his last works to be
translated before the decline of his popularity in Hong Kong and Taiwan during the Cold War, the period 1938–1975 saw extensive
translations of Sartre’s literary works in East-Asia (Japan, Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong). This study examines Sartre’s
literary works published before 1950, by which most of his renowned ones have been published in France. Divided into Japanese and
Chinese sections, it first elaborates on the state of translation of Sartre’s literary works in East Asia from 1938 to 1975 before
explaining the phenomenon of multiple translated versions and their differences. The focus then turns to two specific translation
cases, one in Japanese and another in Chinese, as examples to illustrate the relation between the vibrant scene of translation
attempts within the East Asian region and the wartime situations of the Second World War and the Cold War era. By conducting these
investigations, this essay aims to outline how, in Japan, the wartime situation impacted the practice and publication of
translations and how, in the case of China, the wartime experience of translators shaped their translation strategies and
interpretations regarding Sartre’s literary works.
The heart became hot
Authors: Tanihu Jonathan , Issah Samuel Alhassan
Published: April 2024

This paper provides a comparative study of the conceptualization of ANGER in Dagbani and Dangme, classified as Mabia and Kwa languages respectively. We employ the Conceptual Metaphor Theory as an analytical tool for explaining the empirical facts on the conceptualization of anger in these languages. We show that the mental concepts of the Dangme and the Dagbani people reflect in their conceptualizations of ANGER. We demonstrate that although the two languages deploy varied body organs (especially the heart and stomach), to express anger, Dagbani tends to focus more on the use of the heart, the lungs and the chest to express anger, whereas Dangme uses the heart, stomach and the body or self. The two languages share a common conceptual metaphor of anger as ‘heat’ with other schematic nodes, such as ‘fire’, ‘fluid’ and ‘container’. We finally establish that although most of the expressions of anger in these two languages fit into cross-linguistic patterns, there are also salient cultural specifics that demonstrate how their physiological and experiential realities tend to play an important role in their conception of anger. Data for this study were collected from native speakers of these languages through spontaneous conversations as well as from literary works produced in the two languages under investigation.
To be or not to be
Authors: Guerberof-Arenas Ana , Toral Antonio
Published: April 2024

This article presents the results of a study focusing on the reception of a fictional story by Kurt Vonnegut
translated from English into Catalan and Dutch in three conditions: machine translated, post-edited, and human translated.
Participants (n = 223) rated the three conditions using three scales: narrative engagement, enjoyment, and
translation reception. The results show that human translation had higher engagement, enjoyment, and translation reception in
Catalan, compared to the post-edited and machine-translated translations. However, Dutch readers scored the post-edited
translation higher than the human and machine translation, and the highest engagement and enjoyment scores were reported for the
original English version. We hypothesize that when reading a fictional story in translation, not only are the condition and the
quality of the translation key to understanding its reception, but also the participants’ reading patterns, reading language, and,
potentially, the status of the source language in their own societies.
Anisotropic s-Wave Gap in the Vicinity of a Quantum Critical Point in Superconducting BaFe2(As1–x
P
x
)2 Single Crystals: A Study of Point-Contact Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhan 詹 Hong-Xing 红星 , Lin 林 Yu-Chi 玉尺 , Zhao 赵 Yu-Qing 宇清 , Zuo 左 Hai-Yan 海艳 , Wang 王 Xing-Yu 兴玉 , Ma 马 Xiao-Yan 肖燕 , Li 李 Chun-Hong 春红 , Luo 罗 Hui-Qian 会仟 , Chen 陈 Gen-Fu 根富 , Li 李 Shi-Liang 世亮 , Ren 任 Cong 聪
Published: April 2024

We report on soft c-axis point-contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) spectroscopy combining with resistivity measurements on BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2, to elucidate the superconducting gap structure in the vicinity of the quantum critical point. A double peak at the gap edge plus a dip feature at zero-bias has been observed on the PCAR spectra, indicative of the presence of a nodeless gap in BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2. Detailed analysis within a sophisticated theoretical model reveals an anisotropic gap with deep gap minima. The PCARs also feature additional structures related to the electron–bosonic coupling mode. Using the extracted superconducting energy gap value, a characteristic bosonic energy Ω
b and its temperature dependence are obtained, comparable with the spin-resonance energy observed in neutron scattering experiment. These results indicate a magnetism-driven quantum critical point in the BaFe2(As1−x
P
x
)2 system.
PTOLEMY's test of generalized neutrino interactions: unveiling challenges and constraints
Authors: Banerjee Indra Kumar , Dey Ujjal Kumar , Nath Newton , Shariff Saadat Salman
Published: April 2024

Unanswered questions surrounding neutrinos have motivated investigations into physics
beyond the standard model (SM) of particle physics. In particular, generalized neutrino
interactions (GNI) provide a broader framework for studying these effects compared to the commonly
studied non-standard neutrino interactions. These interactions are described by higher dimensional
operators while maintaining the gauge symmetries of the SM. Furthermore, the cosmic neutrino
background, a predicted component of the SM and standard cosmology, has yet to be directly
detected. To shed light on this elusive phenomenon, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the
relevant GNI, specifically focusing on their implications for the proposed cosmic neutrino
detector PTOLEMY. We make an attempt to see the capabilities and the limitations of PTOLEMY in
sensing GNI while remaining optimistic regarding PTOLEMY's experimental resolution. These
interactions play a significant role in modifying the electron spectrum resulting from the capture
of cosmic neutrinos on radioactive tritium. This work also explores how the presence of these
interactions influences the differential electron spectrum, taking into account factors such as
finite experimental resolution, the mass of the lightest neutrino eigenstate, the strength of the
interactions, and the ordering of neutrino mass.
Parameter optimization of SQCC-CVQKD based on genetic algorithm in the terahertz band
Authors: Liu Chengji , Chao Yu , Wang Lu , Zhu Changhua , Li Qingshan
Published: April 2024

Recently, we proposed a continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) scheme based on simultaneous quantum and classical communication (SQCC) in the terahertz (THz) band. It performs classical modulation and quantum Gaussian modulation at the same coherent pulse at the sending end, and an amplifier is used to amplify and demultiplex the signal at the receiving end. However, the previous study set parameters based on prior knowledge which has significant limitations, and as the previous study showed, parameter selection is a crucial task that directly affects the performance of the system. In this paper, we use the genetic algorithm to optimize the parameter selection, and how the different conditions influence the optimal value of parameters is also analyzed. The simulation results show that the parameter optimized with the algorithm can make the scheme achieve a higher secret key rate which greatly improves the applicability of the SQCC scheme in the THz band. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of the scheme to construct wireless quantum communication networks.
On the Surface Helium Abundance of B-type Hot Subdwarf Stars from the WD+MS Channel of Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Ji Rui-Jie , Meng Xiang-Cun , Liu Zheng-Wei
Published: April 2024

The origin of intermediate helium (He)-rich hot subdwarfs is still unclear. Previous studies have suggested that some surviving Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) companions from the white dwarf + main-sequence (WD+MS) channel may contribute to the intermediate He-rich hot subdwarfs. However, previous studies ignored the impact of atomic diffusion on the post-explosion evolution of surviving companion stars of SNe Ia, leading to the aspect that they could not explain the observed surface He abundance of intermediate He-rich hot subdwarfs. In this work, by taking the atomic diffusion and stellar wind into account, we trace the surviving companions of SNe Ia from the WD+MS channel using the one-dimensional stellar evolution code MESA until they evolve into hot subdwarfs. We find that the surface He-abundances of our surviving companion models during their core He-burning phases are in a range of

−
1
≲
log
(

N

He

/

N

H

)
≲
0

, which are consistent with those observed in intermediate He-rich hot subdwarfs. This seems to further support the notion that it is possible for surviving companions of SNe Ia in the WD+MS channel to form some intermediate He-rich hot subdwarfs.
Self-supervised contrastive learning for EEG-based cross-subject motor imagery recognition
Authors: Li Wenjie , Li Haoyu , Sun Xinlin , Kang Huicong , An Shan , Wang Guoxin , Gao Zhongke
Published: April 2024

Objective. The extensive application of electroencephalography (EEG) in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can be attributed to its non-invasive nature and capability to offer high-resolution data. The acquisition of EEG signals is a straightforward process, but the datasets associated with these signals frequently exhibit data scarcity and require substantial resources for proper labeling. Furthermore, there is a significant limitation in the generalization performance of EEG models due to the substantial inter-individual variability observed in EEG signals. Approach. To address these issues, we propose a novel self-supervised contrastive learning framework for decoding motor imagery (MI) signals in cross-subject scenarios. Specifically, we design an encoder combining convolutional neural network and attention mechanism. In the contrastive learning training stage, the network undergoes training with the pretext task of data augmentation to minimize the distance between pairs of homologous transformations while simultaneously maximizing the distance between pairs of heterologous transformations. It enhances the amount of data utilized for training and improves the network’s ability to extract deep features from original signals without relying on the true labels of the data. Main results. To evaluate our framework’s efficacy, we conduct extensive experiments on three public MI datasets: BCI IV IIa, BCI IV IIb, and HGD datasets. The proposed method achieves cross-subject classification accuracies of 67.32

%

, 82.34

%

, and 81.13

%

on the three datasets, demonstrating superior performance compared to existing methods. Significance. Therefore, this method has great promise for improving the performance of cross-subject transfer learning in MI-based BCI systems.
Aspects of combustion in diesel engine at hydrogen use-a theoretical approach
Authors: Cernat A , Negurescu N , Pana C , Nutu C
Published: April 2024

The use of alternative fuel may be a viable solution in order to ameliorate the engine performance especially in terms of pollutant emissions. Among the alternative fuels that can be use to fuel internal combustion engines hydrogen can be a viable alternative fuel especially due to the advantage of reducing the carbon emission at its use as alternative fuel even for partial substitution of classic fuel. Hydrogen has good combustion properties like higher Lower Heating Value, large inflammability limits, higher combustion speed, which may has a benefic influence on combustion process. The use of hydrogen to diesel engine bring few important issues that must be solved in order to assure the normal engine operation, starting with the fuelling system and engine with the control of the combustion process. The paper presents some results obtained during the theoretical modeling of the in-cylinder process at a diesel engine fuelled with classic fuel and hydrogen. The diesel fuel is energetically substituted by hydrogen in percent’s of 25% and 30%. The influences of hydrogen use on in-cylinder maximum pressure, maximum pressure rise rate, heat release rate, combustion temperature, indicated thermal efficiency and nitrogen oxides and smoke emission levels are shown and analyzed.
Versatile xanthan gum-based support bath material compatible with multiple crosslinking mechanisms: rheological properties, printability, and cytocompatibility study
Authors: Lai Guanyu , Meagher Laurence
Published: April 2024

Extrusion-based bioprinting is a promising technology for the fabrication of complex three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineered constructs. To further improve the printing accuracy and provide mechanical support during the printing process, hydrogel-based support bath materials have been developed. However, the gel structure of some support bath materials can be compromised when exposed to certain bioink crosslinking cues, hence their compatibility with bioinks can be limited. In this study, a xanthan gum-based composite support material compatible with multiple crosslinking mechanisms is developed. Different support bath materials can have different underlying polymeric structures, for example, particulate suspensions and polymer solution with varying supramolecular structure) and these properties are governed by a variety of different intermolecular interactions. However, common rheological behavior can be expected because they have similar demonstrated performance and functionality. To provide a detailed exploration/identification of the common rheological properties expressed by different support bath materials from a unified perspective, benchmark support bath materials from previous studies were prepared. A comparative rheological study revealed both the structural and shear behavior characteristics shared by support bath materials, including yield stress, gel complex moduli, shear-thinning behavior, and self-healing properties. Gel structural stability and functionality of support materials were tested in the presence of various crosslinking stimuli, confirming the versatility of the xanthan-based support material. We further investigated the effect of support materials and the diameter of extrusion needles on the printability of bioinks to demonstrate the improvement in bioink printability and structural integrity. Cytotoxicity and cell encapsulation viability tests were carried out to confirm the cell compatibility of the xanthan gum-based support bath material. We propose and demonstrate the versatility and compatibility of the novel support bath material and provide detailed new insight into the essential properties and behavior of these materials that serve as a guide for further development of support bath-based 3D bioprinting.
Surface modification of a commercial bone plate (Ti6Al4V) implant for improved antibacterial and cytocompatibility via thermal dewetting of a silver thin film
Authors: Patil Deepak , Aravindan Sivanandam , Yadav Mahesh J , Rao Paruchuri Venkateswara
Published: April 2024

The high demand for bone grafts has motivated the development of implants with excellent osteogenic activity, whereas the risk of implant-associated infection, particularly given the rise of antimicrobial resistance, has compelled the development of implants with innovative antimicrobial strategies in which a small amount of bactericidal agent can effectively kill a wide range of bacteria. To induce antibacterial property, the surface of Grade-5 bone plate titanium implants used in clinical applications was modified using direct current (DC) sputter coating followed by thermal annealing. The 15 nm silver film-coated implants were thermally annealed in the furnace for 15 min at 750 °C. The modified implant surface’s antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Salmonella typhi, and Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteria has been assessed using a colony-forming assay. On the modified implant surface, the growth of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria is reduced by 99.72%, while highly drug-resistant bacteria are inhibited by 96.59%. The MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of the modified bone-implant surface against NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. The modified bone-implant surface promoted fibroblast growth and demonstrated good cytocompatibility. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the implant were not harmed by this novel surface modification method. This method is simple and provides new insight into surface modification of commercial metallic implants to have effective antibacterial properties against various classes of bacteria.
Self-aligned, inkjet-printed resistors on flexible substrates with excellent mechanical stability, high yield, and low variance
Authors: Hartnett William N , Nguyen Jonathan , Francis Lorraine , Frisbie C Daniel
Published: April 2024

Resistors are basic yet essential circuit components that must be fabricated with high precision at low cost if they are to be viable for flexible electronic applications. Inkjet printing is one of many additive fabrication techniques utilized to realize this goal. In this work, a process termed self-aligned capillarity-assisted lithography for electronics (SCALE) was used to fabricate inkjet-printed resistors on flexible substrates. Capillary channels and reservoirs imprinted onto flexible substrates enabled precise control of resistor geometry and straightforward alignment of materials. More than 300 devices were fabricated using poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the resistive material and silver as the electrode material. By varying PEDOT:PSS ink formulation and resistor geometry, resistances spanning from 170 Ω to 3.8 MΩ were achieved. Over 98% of devices were functional and the relative standard deviation in resistance ranged from 3% to 18% depending on resistor length and ink composition. The resistors showed no significant change in resistance after 10 000 cycles of bend testing at 1.6% surface tensile strain. In summary, this work demonstrated a fully roll-to-roll compatible process for inkjet printing resistors with superior properties.
Understanding water dynamics in operating fuel cells by operando neutron tomography: investigation of different flow field designs
Authors: Hack Jennifer , Ziesche Ralf F , Fransson Matilda , Suter Theo , Helfen Lukas , Couture Cyrille , Kardjilov Nikolay , Tengattini Alessandro , Shearing Paul , Brett Dan
Published: April 2024

Water management plays a key role in ensuring optimum polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) performance, and flow field design can influence the ability of a cell to balance maintaining hydration, whilst avoiding flooding and cell failure. This work deepens the understanding of water evolution in different PEFC flow channel designs, namely single serpentine (SS), double serpentine (DS) and parallel, using our novel high-speed neutron computed tomography method. We developed our previously-reported method by introducing continuous cell rotation, enabling 18 s per tomogram during 1 h holds at 300, 400 and 500 mA cm−2. The volume of water evolved in the cathode, membrane electrode assembly and anode was quantified, and key mechanisms for water droplet formation in the different flow channel designs were elucidated. The parallel flow field design had the poorest water management, with 47% of the cathode flow channel becoming filled after 1 h at 400 mA cm−2. This significant flooding blocked reactant sites and contributed to unstable cell performance and, ultimately, cell failure at higher current densities. The SS cell displayed the best water management, with only 11% of the cathode channel filled with water after 1 h at 500 mA cm−2, compared with 28% of the DS cathode channel. 3D visualisation and analysis of droplet behaviour elucidated how water ‘slugs’ in the SS were removed in the gas stream, whereas three of the four parallel cathode flow channels became entirely filled with water plugs, blocking gas flow and exacerbating cell flooding. The new insights gained here are expected to extend to novel flow field designs and image-based models, with the use of operando neutron CT demonstrated as a powerful technique for both visualising and quantifying water management in operating PEFCs, as well as deepening the knowledge of droplet behaviour in different flow field types.