bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Human–Machine Interaction Mechanism: Additive Manufacturing for Industry 5.0—Design and Management
Authors: Rani Sunanda , Jining Dong , Shoukat Khadija , Shoukat Muhammad Usman , Nawaz Saqib Ali
Published: May 2024

Industry 5.0 is an emerging value-driven manufacturing model in which human–machine interface-oriented intelligent manufacturing is one of the core concepts. Based on the theoretical human–cyber–physical system (HCPS), a reference framework for human–machine collaborative additive manufacturing for Industry 5.0 is proposed. This framework establishes a three-level product–economy–ecology model and explains the basic concept of human–machine collaborative additive manufacturing by considering the intrinsic characteristics and functional evolution of additive manufacturing technology. Key enabling technologies for product development process design are discussed, including the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), digital twin (DT) technology, extended reality, and intelligent materials. Additionally, the typical applications of human–machine collaborative additive manufacturing in the product, economic, and ecological layers are discussed, including personalized product design, interactive manufacturing, human–machine interaction (HMI) technology for the process chain, collaborative design, distributed manufacturing, and energy conservation and emission reductions. By developing the theory of the HCPS, for the first time its core concepts, key technologies, and typical scenarios are systematically elaborated to promote the transformation of additive manufacturing towards the Industry 5.0 paradigm of human–machine collaboration and to better meet the personalized needs of users.
An Improved Q-Learning Algorithm for Optimizing Sustainable Remanufacturing Systems
Authors: Qin Shujin , Zhang Xiaofei , Wang Jiacun , Guo Xiwang , Qi Liang , Cao Jinrui , Liu Yizhi
Published: May 2024

In our modern society, there has been a noticeable increase in pollution due to the trend of post-use handling of items. This necessitates the adoption of recycling and remanufacturing processes, advocating for sustainable resource management. This paper aims to address the issue of disassembly line balancing. Existing disassembly methods largely rely on manual labor, raising concerns regarding safety and sustainability. This paper proposes a human–machine collaborative disassembly approach to enhance safety and optimize resource utilization, aligning with sustainable development goals. A mixed-integer programming model is established, considering various disassembly techniques for hazardous and delicate parts, with the objective of minimizing the total disassembly time. The CPLEX solver is employed to enhance model accuracy. An improvement is made to the Q-learning algorithm in reinforcement learning to tackle the bilateral disassembly line balancing problem in human–machine collaboration. This approach outperforms CPLEX in both solution efficiency and quality, especially for large-scale problems. A comparative analysis with the original Q-learning algorithm and SARSA algorithm validates the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of convergence speed and solution quality.
The Structural Design of and Experimental Research on a Coke Oven Gas Burner
Authors: Geng Mingrui , Jin Suyi , Wang Denghui
Published: May 2024

A novel low-NOx burner was proposed in this study to achieve the stable and clean combustion of low- and medium-calorific-value gas and promote energy sustainability, and the influence of the gas pipe structure on the burner’s characteristics was studied with coke oven gas as a fuel. A 40 kW burner test bench was established to conduct cold-state experiments to investigate the influences of the gas pipe structure on the aerodynamic characteristics of the burner. We performed numerical simulations on both a 40 kW burner and a 14 MW prototype burner to investigate the thermal performance of the burners and their impact on low NOx emissions. The experimental results showed that increasing the deflection angle of the gas pipe nozzle direction relative to the circumferential tangent direction, the high-velocity zone and the high-concentration zone of the flow field move towards the central axis. Increasing the bending angle of gas pipe nozzle direction relative to the axis direction caused the high-velocity zone and the high-concentration zone to move upstream direction of the jet. The simulation reveals that the NO concentration at the exit cross-section of the combustion chamber of the 14 MW prototype burner is 17.00 mg/m3 (with 3.5% oxygen content). A recommended design structure of the burner was proposed, with a deflection angle of 0°and a bending angle of 0° for the No. 3 gas pipe, and a deflection angle of 15° and a bending angle of 30° for the No. 4 gas pipe.
A Study on the Conditions of Fog Generation and the Change Rule of Fog Zone Length in Air Intake Roadway
Authors: Wu Yan , Zhu Hongqing , Zhang Baozhen , Hu Lintao , Wang Shuwei , Liu Jiuli
Published: May 2024

Fog in mine air intake roadways is a non-negligible disaster that seriously reduces the visibility of the roadway, affects vehicle transportation and the safe passage of personnel, and jeopardizes the safe production of the mine. This paper applies both field testing and numerical simulation to explore fog formation conditions and the effects of inlet air temperature and humidity on the fog zone length within the Wangjialing Mine’s air intake roadway in Shanxi, China. First, based on the consideration of the relationship between the moisture gain of surrounding rock and the temperature with humidity of the air flow, the fog generation and distribution law model of the air intake roadway was established. Based on this model, the critical inlet air temperature and the critical inlet air relative humidity for fogging in the Wangjialing Mine air intake roadway were determined. In addition, we found that the fogging point inside the roadway shifted forward continuously with the increase in inlet air temperature and inlet air relative humidity, and the length of the fog zone expands parabolically in response to these rising conditions.
Analyzing the Shift in China’s Cultural Industries: From Economic Growth to Social Enrichment
Authors: Li Jiayao , Zhang Rong , Zou Yuntao
Published: May 2024

Cultural industries constitute a crucial part of the sustainable economy. In accordance with the principles of socialist public ownership nations, the economic benefits of cultural industries should be ultimately transformed into more significant social benefits. Guided by the policies and requirements of the Chinese government concerning the social benefits of cultural industries, this paper innovatively integrates Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Tobit models to empirically analyze the social benefits and their influencing factors within China’s cultural industries. The findings indicate that the social benefits of China’s cultural industries are currently in a state of diminishing returns to scale, with fiscal support and educational levels significantly enhancing the industry’s social benefits. This paper recommends that policymakers aiming to convert the economic benefits of cultural industries into social benefits more systematically and effectively should focus on enhancing the quality of industry outputs.
Measuring Social Dimensions of Sustainability at the Community Level: An Illustrative but Cautionary Tale
Authors: Frantz Cynthia McPherson , Ezimora Ifunanya , Petersen John E. , Edminster Alexandria , Shammin Md Rumi , Chi Yunzhang
Published: May 2024

Many communities are working to enhance the sustainability of their physical, economic, and social systems. While economic and physical systems are routinely measured (e.g., money and energy), psychological and behavioral elements of social systems (norms, attitudes, and individual behavior) are seldom tracked. The objective of this research was to evaluate a potentially scalable approach to measure the impact of sustainability initiatives on these variables in a community engaged in holistic sustainability programming. Online survey data were collected in 2012 (N = 155) and 2016 (N = 137), measuring pro-environmental thought and behavior in two towns in Ohio: Oberlin, a community engaged in holistic efforts to enhance environmental sustainability; and a similar community (Berea) used as a control. Survey links were distributed via recruitment letters mailed to randomly selected community residents from a purchased mailing list. We used two (town) by two (time) between subjects’ ANOVAs to evaluate whether Oberlin saw predicted increases in sustainable thought and behavior from 2012 to 2016, compared to the control community. Despite verifiable participation in and awareness of sustainability programs in Oberlin, our survey results did not provide strong evidence that programs resulted in the desired changes in attitudes, norms, and individual behaviors. Recycling attitudes and LED bulb installation were two exceptions. We conclude that assessing the psychological and behavioral dimensions of sustainability poses particular challenges. We encountered ceiling effects and inadequate statistical power. Possibly, norms and attitudes are not easily influenced even by a holistic community-wide effort.
Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms Using Voltage Scanning and Perturb and Observe Methods for Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions
Authors: Yilmaz Musa
Published: May 2024

Partial shading significantly affects the performance of photovoltaic (PV) power systems, rendering traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods ineffective. This study proposes a novel hybrid MPPT algorithm integrating voltage scanning and modified Perturb and Observe (P&O) techniques to overcome the limitations posed by partial shading. This algorithm has a simple structure and does not require panel information such as the number of panels or voltage due to its voltage scanning feature. To test the proposed algorithm, a grid-connected PV power system with a power of 252.6 kW was created in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. In this power system, six different PS conditions, containing quite challenging situations, were listed in three different scenarios and simulated. The proposed algorithm was compared with the voltage scanning and P&O and voltage scanning and variable-step P&O methods. It was observed that the proposed algorithm has lower power fluctuations compared to the other two traditional methods. Additionally, this algorithm managed to achieve higher efficiency than the other methods in some cases.
A Transformer and LSTM-Based Approach for Blind Well Lithology Prediction
Authors: Xie Danyan , Liu Zeyang , Wang Fuhao , Song Zhenyu
Published: May 2024

Petrographic prediction is crucial in identifying target areas and understanding reservoir lithology in oil and gas exploration. Traditional logging methods often rely on manual interpretation and experiential judgment, which can introduce subjectivity and constraints due to data quality and geological variability. To enhance the precision and efficacy of lithology prediction, this study employed a Savitzky–Golay filter with a symmetric window for anomaly data processing, coupled with a residual temporal convolutional network (ResTCN) model tasked with completing missing logging data segments. A comparative analysis against the support vector regression and random forest regression model revealed that the ResTCN achieves the smallest MAE, at 0.030, and the highest coefficient of determination, at 0.716, which are indicative of its proximity to the ground truth. These methodologies significantly enhance the quality of the training data. Subsequently, a Transformer–long short-term memory (T-LS) model was applied to identify and classify the lithology of unexplored wells. The input layer of the Transformer model follows an embedding-like principle for data preprocessing, while the encoding block encompasses multi-head attention, Add & Norm, and feedforward components, integrating the multi-head attention mechanism. The output layer interfaces with the LSTM layer through dropout. A performance evaluation of the T-LS model against established rocky prediction techniques such as logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor, and random forest demonstrated its superior identification and classification capabilities. Specifically, the T-LS model achieved a precision of 0.88 and a recall of 0.89 across nine distinct lithology features. A Shapley analysis of the T-LS model underscored the utility of amalgamating multiple logging data sources for lithology classification predictions. This advancement partially addresses the challenges associated with imprecise predictions and limited generalization abilities inherent in traditional machine learning and deep learning models applied to lithology identification, and it also helps to optimize oil and gas exploration and development strategies and improve the efficiency of resource extraction.
High-Order Extended Kalman Filter for State Estimation of Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Ding Linwang , Wen Chenglin
Published: May 2024

In general, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) has a wide range of applications, aiming to minimize symmetric loss function (mean square error) and improve the accuracy and efficiency of state estimation. As the nonlinear model complexity increases, rounding errors gradually amplify, leading to performance degradation. After multiple iterations, divergence may occur. The traditional extended Kalman filter cannot accurately estimate the nonlinear model, and these errors still have an impact on the accuracy. To improve the filtering performance of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), this paper proposes a new extended Kalman filter (REKF) method that utilizes the statistical properties of the rounding error to enhance the estimation accuracy. After establishing the state model and measurement model, the residual term is used to replace the higher-order term in the Taylor expansion, and the least squares method is applied to identify the residual term step by step. Then, the iterative process of updating the extended Kalman filter is carried out. Within the Kalman filter framework, a higher-order rounding error-based extended Kalman filter (REKF) is designed for the joint estimation of rounding error and random variables, and the solution method for the rounding error is considered for the multilevel approximation of the original function. Through numerical simulations on a general nonlinear model, the higher-order rounding error-based extended Kalman filter (REKF) achieves better estimation results than the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and improves the filtering accuracy by utilizing the higher-order rounding error information, which also proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Positive-Energy Dirac Particles and Dark Matter
Authors: Bogomolny Eugene
Published: May 2024

The relativistic positive-energy wave equation proposed by P. Dirac in 1971 is an old but largely forgotten subject. The purpose of this note is to speculate that particles described by this equation (called here Dirac particles) are natural candidates for the dark matter. The reasoning is based on a fact that the internal structure of such particles simply prohibits their interaction with electromagnetic fields (at least with the minimal coupling) which is exactly what is required for dark matter. Dirac particles have quite unusual properties. In particular, they are transformed by an infinite-dimensional representation of the homogeneous Lorentz group, which clearly distinguishes them from all known elementary particles described by finite-dimensional representations and hints to a physics beyond the Standard Model. To clarify the topic, a brief review of the main features of the above-mentioned Dirac equation is given.
Unveiling Inter- and Intra-Patient Sequence Variability with a Multi-Sample Coronavirus Target Enrichment Approach
Authors: Lado Sara , Thannesberger Jakob , Spettel Kathrin , Arapović Jurica , Ferreira Bibiana , Lavitrano Marialuisa , Steininger Christoph
Published: May 2024

Amid the global challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, unraveling the genomic intricacies of SARS-CoV-2 became crucial. This study explores viral evolution using an innovative high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. By taking advantage of nasal swab and mouthwash samples from patients who tested positive for COVID-19 across different geographical regions during sequential infection waves, our study applied a targeted enrichment protocol and pooling strategy to increase detection sensitivity. The approach was extremely efficient, yielding a large number of reads and mutations distributed across 10 distinct viral gene regions. Notably, the genes Envelope, Nucleocapsid, and Open Reading Frame 8 had the highest number of unique mutations per 1000 nucleotides, with both spike and Nucleocapsid genes showing evidence for positive selection. Focusing on the spike protein gene, crucial in virus replication and immunogenicity, our findings show a dynamic SARS-CoV-2 evolution, emphasizing the virus–host interplay. Moreover, the pooling strategy facilitated subtle sequence variability detection. Our findings painted a dynamic portrait of SARS-CoV-2 evolution, emphasizing the intricate interplay between the virus and its host populations and accentuating the importance of continuous genomic surveillance to understand viral dynamics. As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, this approach proves to be a powerful, versatile, fast, and cost-efficient screening tool for unraveling emerging variants, fostering understanding of the virus’s genetic landscape.
Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein Quantification via Spatial Proximity Analyte Reagent Capture Luminescence Assay: Application as Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker in Serum and Effusions of Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis Undergoing GS-441524 Therapy
Authors: Helfer-Hungerbuehler A. Katrin , Spiri Andrea M. , Meili Theres , Riond Barbara , Krentz Daniela , Zwicklbauer Katharina , Buchta Katharina , Zuzzi-Krebitz Anna-Maria , Hartmann Katrin , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina , Meli Marina L.
Published: May 2024

Until recently, the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats usually led to euthanasia, but recent research has revealed that antiviral drugs, including the nucleoside analog GS-441524, have the potential to effectively cure FIP. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) has been suggested as a diagnostic marker for FIP. However, AGP quantification methods are not easily accessible. This study aimed to establish a Spatial Proximity Analyte Reagent Capture Luminescence (SPARCLTM) assay on the VetBio-1 analyzer to determine the AGP concentrations in feline serum and effusion samples. Linearity was found in serial dilutions between 1:2000 and 1:32,000; the intra-run and inter-run precision was <5% and <15%, respectively; and AGP was stable in serum stored for at least 8 days at room temperature, at 4 °C and at −20 °C. Cats with confirmed FIP had significantly higher serum AGP concentrations (median: 2954 µg/mL (range: 200–5861 µg/mL)) than those with other inflammatory diseases (median: 1734 µg/mL (305–3449 µg/mL)) and clinically healthy cats (median 235 µg/mL (range: 78–616 µg/mL); pKW < 0.0001). The AGP concentrations were significantly higher in the effusions from cats with FIP than in those from diseased cats without FIP (pMWU < 0.0001). The AGP concentrations in the serum of cats with FIP undergoing GS-441524 treatment showed a significant drop within the first seven days of treatment and reached normal levels after ~14 days. In conclusion, the VetBio-1 SPARCLTM assay offers a precise, fast and cost-effective method to measure the AGP concentrations in serum and effusion samples of feline patients. The monitoring of the AGP concentration throughout FIP treatment provides a valuable marker to evaluate the treatment’s effectiveness and identify potential relapses at an early stage.
Genomic Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotypes in Africa: Implications for Diagnosis, Vaccination, and Regional Collaboration
Authors: Amoia Charlie F. , Hakizimana Jean N. , Chengula Augustino A. , Munir Muhammad , Misinzo Gerald , Weger-Lucarelli James
Published: May 2024

The emergence of new virulent genotypes and the continued genetic drift of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) implies that distinct genotypes of NDV are simultaneously evolving in different geographic locations across the globe, including throughout Africa, where NDV is an important veterinary pathogen. Expanding the genomic diversity of NDV increases the possibility of diagnostic and vaccine failures. In this review, we systematically analyzed the genetic diversity of NDV genotypes in Africa using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Information published between 1999 and 2022 were used to obtain the genetic background of different genotypes of NDV and their geographic distributions in Africa. The following genotypes were reported in Africa: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, XI, XIII, XIV, XVII, XVIII, XX, and XXI. A new putative genotype has been detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, of 54 African countries, only 26 countries regularly report information on NDV outbreaks, suggesting that this number may be vastly underestimated. With eight different genotypes, Nigeria is the country with the greatest genotypic diversity of NDV among African countries. Genotype VII is the most prevalent group of NDV in Africa, which was reported in 15 countries. A phylogeographic analysis of NDV sequences revealed transboundary transmission of the virus in Eastern Africa, Western and Central Africa, and in Southern Africa. A regional and continental collaboration is recommended for improved NDV risk management in Africa.
Enhancing Oil–Water Flow Prediction in Heterogeneous Porous Media Using Machine Learning
Authors: Feng Gaocheng , Zhang Kai , Wan Huan , Yao Weiying , Zuo Yuande , Lin Jingqi , Liu Piyang , Zhang Liming , Yang Yongfei , Yao Jun , Li Ang , Liu Chen
Published: May 2024

The rapid and accurate forecasting of two-phase flow in porous media is a critical challenge in oil field development, exerting a substantial impact on optimization and decision-making processes. Although the Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) network effectively captures spatiotemporal dynamics, its generalization in predicting complex engineering problems remains limited. Similarly, although the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) demonstrates adeptness at learning operators for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), it struggles with three-dimensional, long-term prediction. In response to these limitations, we introduce an innovative hybrid model, the Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory-Fourier Neural Operator (CL-FNO), specifically designed for the long-term prediction of three-dimensional two-phase flows. This model integrates a 3D convolutional encoder–decoder structure to extract and generate hierarchical spatial features of the flow fields. It incorporates physical constraints to enhance the model’s forecasts with robustness through the infusion of prior knowledge. Additionally, a temporal function, constructed using gated memory-forgetting mechanisms, augments the model’s capacity to analyze time series data. The efficacy and practicality of the CL-FNO model are validated using a synthetic three-dimensional case study and application to an actual reservoir model.
Enhanced Low-Energy Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Removal in Aeration-Free Conditions through Pulse-Rotating Bio-Contactors Enriched with Glycogen-Accumulating Organisms
Authors: Cheng Liang , Deng Guihuan , Zhang Chaoqun , Yang Yao , Abdelfattah Abdallah , Eltawab Reham , Jia Hui
Published: May 2024

This study presents an innovative pulse-rotating biological contactor (P-RBC) designed to enrich glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs), thereby facilitating low-energy chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. It then investigates the impact of rotational speed and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on GAO enrichment and COD removal efficiency. Optimized conditions at lower speeds and longer HRTs significantly enhance GAO proliferation and Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis, the key to COD removal. Noteworthy findings include a maximum GAO abundance of 21.34% at a half round per hour (rph) rotating speed, which correlates with a 90.2% COD removal rate and an HRT of 6 h, yielding a 21.23% GAO abundance and 89.8% COD removal. This study also explores various carbon sources for PHA synthesis, with sodium acetate proving the most effective. Compared to other wastewater treatment methods, P-RBC demonstrates minimal energy consumption (0.09 kWh per ton of wastewater), highlighting its potential as a sustainable and effective approach for wastewater treatment.
A Study of Precipitation Forecasting for the Pre-Summer Rainy Season in South China Based on a Back-Propagation Neural Network
Authors: Wang Bing-Zeng , Liu Si-Jie , Zeng Xin-Min , Lu Bo , Zhang Zeng-Xin , Zhu Jian , Ullah Irfan
Published: May 2024

In South China, the large quantity of rainfall in the pre-summer rainy season can easily lead to natural disasters, which emphasizes the importance of improving the accuracy of precipitation forecasting during this period for the social and economic development of the region. In this paper, the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) is used to establish the model for precipitation forecasting. Three schemes are applied to improve the model performance: (1) predictors are selected based on individual meteorological stations within the region rather than the region as a whole; (2) the triangular irregular network (TIN) is proposed to preprocess the observed precipitation data for input of the BPNN model, while simulated/forecast precipitation is the expected output; and (3) a genetic algorithm is used for the hyperparameter optimization of the BPNN. The first scheme reduces the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the simulation by roughly 5% and more than 15 mm; the second reduces the MAPE and RMSE by more than 15% and 15 mm, respectively, while the third improves the simulation inapparently. Obviously, the second scheme raises the upper limit of the model simulation capability greatly by preprocessing the precipitation data. During the training and validation periods, the MAPE of the improved model can be controlled at approximately 35%. For precipitation hindcasting in the test period, the anomaly rate is less than 50% in only one season, and the highest is 64.5%. According to the anomaly correlation coefficient and Ps score of the hindcast precipitation, the improved model performance is slightly better than the FGOALS-f2 model. Although global climate change makes the predictors more variable, the trend of simulation is almost identical to that of the observed values over the whole period, suggesting that the model is able to capture the general characteristics of climate change.
Exploring Endogenous Processes in Water Supply Systems: Insights from Statistical Methods and δ18O Analysis
Authors: Novotni-Horčička Nikolina , Marković Tamara , Kovač Ivan , Karlović Igor
Published: May 2024

Water used for water supply undergoes numerous changes that affect its composition prior to entering the water supply system (WSS). Once it enters the WSS, it is subject to numerous influences altering its physical and chemical composition, redox potential, and microbial quality. Observations of water quality parameters at different locations within the WSS indicate that it is justified to assume that these processes take place from the source to the end user. In this study, we used the results of routine everyday analyses (EC, T, pH, ORP, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and bacteria) supplemented by experimental data from a one-year sampling campaign assessing the main cations and anions and stable isotopes δ2H and δ18O. Through these data, the statistical significance of the differences between the concentrations of the basic water quality parameters among different WSS locations was determined, together with the water retention time in the system. The results indicate minor changes in water chemical composition within the observed WSS, remaining below the prescribed Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for human consumption. However, factors such as water retention time, CaCO3 deposition, pH fluctuations, and bacterial growth may influence its suitability, which necessitates further investigation into potential risks affecting water quality.
The problem of iodine deficiency in the environment and prevention of iodine deficiency diseases in the Orel region
Authors:   Oryol State University named after I. S. Turgenev, Orel, Russia, Simonova V. G.
Published: May 2024

Iodine deficiency diseases continue to be a problem in various regions of the world, especially in areas with low iodine content in soils and waters. Among other regions of Russia, the Orel region belongs to territories with a low iodine content in the environment. The aim of the work was to analyze the state of the problem of iodine deficiency in the environment and the prevention of iodine deficiency diseases in the Orel region based on scientific literature data. To achieve this goal, scientific publications, accounting and reporting statistics related to the problem of iodine deficiency were studied. The analysis showed a low iodine content in water, soil and food products produced in the territory of the Oryol region. An assessment of citizens’ preferences for certain foods revealed the priority of bakery and dairy products. Measures are being taken in the region to enrich these food products with iodine, but low awareness of the population reduces the effectiveness of preventive measures. As priority areas for the prevention of iodine deficiency conditions in the Orel region, it is necessary to continue work on the inclusion of food additives and products enriched with this trace element in the diet of residents of the region. At the same time, it will be important to intensify awareness-raising work with the population.
Vitamin D and childhood disability: diseases of the nervous system
Authors:   High Technology Park, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, Krivosheev V. V. , Kozlovsky I. V. ,   District Clinical Hospital, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, Fedorov A. V. ,   High Technology Park, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
Published: May 2024

Child disability associated with diseases of the nervous system, the main cause of which is cerebral palsy (CP), is often accompanied by an insufficient level and high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, but in our opinion, practicing physicians and health officials at all levels pay insufficient attention to this problem, therefore, this paper is devoted to the study of the influence of vitamin D on the disability of children resulting from diseases of the nervous system. We statistically investigated the association between the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in municipalities of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Yugra and the number of cases of resulting childhood disability due to nervous system disease in 2021, using the anonymized results of 31,596 measurements of vitamin D levels in residents of the autonomous okrug, gratuitously provided to us by INVITRO-Ural LLC, whose staff the authors express their deep gratitude to. The calculations demonstrated the presence of a directly proportional relationship between the incidence of disability as a result of nervous system disease and the prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency in the territory of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra. The incidence of cerebral palsy is largely due to pregnancy abnormalities. Many researchers have associated the occurrence of cerebral palsy with preterm labor and low birth weight of the newborn with normal gestational age. The analysis indicates the great influence of vitamin D on the course and results of pregnancy, since pregnant women often have insufficient levels of vitamin D, which does not ensure full development of the fetus, which is accompanied by an increased incidence of various pathologies in the mother and child. Taking vitamin D supplements as prescribed by a doctor can be useful for pregnant women and children with cerebral palsy. The former need it to ensure the normal course and favorable outcome of pregnancy, and the latter — to increase bone mineral density and improve the body’s immune defense against a variety of diseases. To make recommendations on the amount of daily dosage and duration of vitamin D preparations, accurate knowledge of its initial level in the patient’s blood serum is required, which predetermines the need for mandatory monitoring of 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women and patients with cerebral palsy.
Features of immunopathogenesis, prognosis and quality of life in vibration disease and its combination with bone and joint disorders
Authors:   Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Samara, Russia, Babanov S. A. , Strizhakov L. A. ,   I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Melentyev A. V. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman of Rospotrebnadzor, Mytishchi, Russia
Published: May 2024

The article describes the features of working conditions, the clinical picture, the state of the immune profile, cytokine regulation in vibration disease from the effects of local vibration with its combined forms with deforming osteoarthritis in the assembly riveters of an aircraft manufacturing enterprise. Objective: to identify the clinical and pathogenetic features and quality of life in vibration disease from the effects of local vibration with its combined forms with deforming osteoarthritis. The level of C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor was studied by the solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Immune disorders in vibration disease and its combined course with ostearthritis were investigated by methods including the determination of CD4+, CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations. To assess the cytokine status, the content of interleukins 1‑beta (IL-1β), 4 (IL-4), 8 (IL-8) in blood serum was analyzed. The study of the quality of life was conducted using the SF-36 questionnaire. The calculation of the statistical significance of the differences was carried out according to the Mann-Whitney criterion. The prognostic value of changes in the immune profile and cytokine regulation in vibration disease from the effects of local vibration with its combined forms with deforming osteoarthritis has been established. In case of vibration disease from the action of local vibration and its combination with deforming osteoarthritis, clinical and pathogenetic changes are characterized by a significant decrease in the levels of CD4+, CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations, an increase in serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-8. Taking into account the fact that the development and manifestation of symptoms of vibration disease from exposure to local vibration, including comorbid conditions (which include deforming osteoarthritis) manifests itself later than changes in the immune status are recorded, the creation of dynamic monitoring of the health status of persons in contact with industrial vibration is of great practical importance. The prognostic value of determining the quality of life in vibration disease from the effects of local vibration and its combined forms with deforming osteoarthritis has also been established.
New competitive breeding type of pigs Dvinsky of Yorkshire breed
Authors:   Republican Unitary Enterprise “The Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Husbandry”, Republic of Belarus, Minsk region, Zhodino, Balnikov A. A. , Kazutova Yu. S. ,   Republican Unitary Enterprise “The Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Husbandry”, Republic of Belarus, Minsk region, Zhodino, Kostomakhin N. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy”, Russia, Moscow
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the research was to give a comprehensive description of the new competitive breeding type of pigs Dvinsky of Yorkshire breed. The results of estimation of the productive traits of pigs in the context of genealogical lines have been presented in the article. A genetic analysis of productivity based on marker genes and genotyping using DNA microsatellites to establish the genetic and allelic characteristics of pigs of different genealogical lines of the new breeding type of pigs Dvinsky has been carried out. On the use of base of selection and genetic techniques and records of animal science and breeding data using the ACS program “PLEMELIT”, genealogical diagrams were constructed along the pedigree branches of 6 lines of a new breeding type of pigs. Assessment of sows for reproductive traits and replacement young animals for their own productivity, fattening and meat traits was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Productivity marker genes were studied: ESR, PRLR, MC4R, MYOD1, MYF4 and microsatellite analysis was carried out on 11 STR loci (SO005, SO090, SO155, SO227, SO355, SW240, SW72, SW857, SW911, SW936, SW951 ). As a result of selection work and state testing, a new competitive breeding type of pigs Dvinsky of Yorkshire breed with the numb of 50 boars and 500 sows was bred. The basic breeding enterprises for breeding this type are: State Enterprise “ZhodinoAgroPlemElita” and RUSP “Minsk Breeding Enterprise” of the Minsk Region, CJSC “Vitebskagroproduct” and RUE “Vitebsk Breeding Enterprise” of the Vitebsk Region. The type is based on 6 genealogical lines: Daniya 7723, Dixon 4988, Reichil 5507, Darak 5508, Dobry 2313, Drug 6805. The main advantage of the new competitive breeding type of pigs Dvinsky in comparison with the Belarusian population of the Yorkshire breed is superiority in reproductive, fattening and meat indicators by 3,0–15,3 %.
Chronic fistula in ano associated with adenocarcinoma: a case report with a review of the literature
Authors: Ghosh Nalini Kanta , Kumar Ashok
Published: May 2024

The malignant transformation of chronic fistula in ano is rare, accounting for 3% to 11% of all anal canal malignancies. It results from long-standing inflammation and chronic irritation. No guidelines are available for the management of these cases. We herein present a case report of a 55-year-old man who presented with a history of constipation, perianal pain, and discharging fistula in ano of 4-year duration and underwent fistula surgery with recurrence. Biopsy of the fistulous tract revealed adenocarcinoma. He received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, followed by abdominoperineal excision including excision of the fistulous tract. After 18 months of follow-up, he is free of recurrence. We present this case with a review of the literature, highlighting the management strategies.
Colonic duplication in an adult with chronic constipation: a case report and review of its surgical management
Authors: Adznan Muhammad Ash-Shafhawi , Tai Hizami Amin , Canda Aras Emre , Elmas Nevra , Terzi Mustafa Cem
Published: May 2024

One of the possible causes of chronic constipation is colonic duplication. Although seldom asymptomatic, its diagnosis is important due to the risk of malignancy that it carries. We present a case of a young female patient with long-standing constipation who was referred to Kolorektal Cerrahi Clinic (Izmir, Turkey) after scans revealed tubular type of colonic duplication. We successfully performed a laparoscopic total colectomy, and she recovered well. Identifying the type of duplication is important to ensure adequate resection and treatment. A proper workup, including carcinoembryonic antigen levels, must be done as well. Multiple surgical techniques and procedures have been introduced for this condition, but resection of the duplicated colon with its native lumen should be the management of choice, especially in tubular type of duplications such as in our case. In centers where laparoscopic services are available, laparoscopy could be a better option, as it provides multiple benefits of minimally invasive surgery. Attention should also be paid to anatomical details during surgery to ensure better results and outcomes.
Postoperative outcomes after prehabilitation for colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized studies
Authors: Wee Ian Jun Yan , Seow-En Isaac , Chok Aik Yong , Sim Eileen , Koo Chee Hoe , Lin Wenjie , Meihuan Chang , Tan Emile Kwong-Wei
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Prehabilitation (PH) is purported to improve patients’ preoperative functional status. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to compare short-term postoperative outcomes between patients who underwent a protocolized PH program and the existing standard of care among colorectal cancer patients awaiting surgery.Methods: A search in MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL was conducted to identify relevant articles. Repetitive and exhaustive combinations of MeSH search terms (“prehabilitation,” “colorectal cancer,” “colon cancer,” and “rectal cancer”) were used to identify randomized and nonrandomized studies comparing PH versus standard of care for colorectal cancer patients awaiting surgery. The primary outcomes included postoperative morbidity, length of hospital stay, and readmission rates.Results: Seven studies including 1,042 colorectal cancer patients (PH, 382) were included. No significant differences were found in intraoperative outcomes. The postoperative complication rates were comparable between groups (Clavien-Dindo grades I and II: risk ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.62–1.07; P=0.15; Clavien-Dindo grades ≥III: risk ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–1.44; P=0.92). There were also no significant differences in length of hospital stay (P=0.21) or the risk of 30-day readmission (P=0.68).Conclusion: Although PH does not appear to improve short-term postoperative outcomes following colorectal cancer surgery, the quality of evidence is impaired by the limited trials and heterogeneity. Thus, further large-scale trials are warranted to draw definitive conclusions and establish the long-term effects of PH.
User Experience Game Arknights: Sebuah Penerapan Metode Cognitive Walkthrough
Authors: Andri Daviano  , Reni Aryani  , Daniel Arsa
Published: May 2024

Setiap produk membutuhkan pengalaman pengguna yang optimal untuk memastikan kenyamanan pengguna dan interaksi yang efektif dari produk tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Cognitive Walkthrough untuk mengevaluasi pengalaman pengguna dalam game Arknights, sebuah permainan mobile yang meraih penghargaan sebagai "Best Innovative Game" pada Google Play Best Of 2020 awards. Metode Cognitive Walkthrough merupakan metode evaluasi user experience dimana responden diminta untuk mengerjakan tugas berbasis skenario yang telah dipersiapkan oleh peneliti. Metode ini akan mengevaluasi langkah per langkah dalam sebuah produk, untuk menemukan permasalahan yang membuat pengguna tidak nyaman. Evaluasi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah potensial yang mungkin mengganggu pengalaman pengguna, terutama bagi pengguna baru. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang dengan kriteria utama seorang gamer tapi belum pernah memainkan game Arknights. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa Arknights memiliki tingkat kenyamanan yang tinggi secara keseluruhan, dengan sebagian besar permasalahan bersifat ringan dan tidak mempengaruhi fungsi utama dalam game. Permasalahan yang diidentifikasi sebagian besar terkait dengan tugas-tugas spesifik dalam game, seperti upgrade operator dan change assistant, serta fitur-fitur dasar dalam permainan. Meskipun demikian, masalah-masalah ini bersifat minor dan tidak menghambat pengalaman bermain secara signifikan. Evaluasi ini menunjukkan bahwa Arknights adalah game yang mudah dimainkan dan dinikmati, terutama oleh pengguna baru
Perancangan Media Pembelajaran Augmented Reality (AR) Pada Mata Pelajaran Kimia Menggunakan Unity di SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi
Authors: Irma Widia , Okra Riri , Musril Hari Antoni , Derta Sarwo
Published: May 2024

SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi is one of the educational institutions in Indonesia. At SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi there is an issue that learning activities are carried out using textbooks and PowerPoint slides as the main teaching tools. It was concluded from the results of interviews between researchers and several teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Bukittingi that the average learning media still uses conventional media. This is less effective in its application, especially in chemistry lessons which require special media that are more realistic, such as pictures of molecules and are easily visible inside and outside the classroom. Regarding this problem, research was carried out with the aim of designing Augmented Reality (AR) based chemistry learning media at SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi. Researchers use the Unity application as a media design tool. The aim of this research is to design Augmented Reality learning media using Unity at SMA N 1 Bukittinggi that is valid, practical and effective. Researchers use the Hannafin and Peck model as one of the development models for the SDLC method in this research. In the final stage, researchers used validity, practicality and effectiveness tests to draw conclusions about this research. The results of the effectiveness test from 34 students of class 4 validators got an average score of 0.85 (valid). This value test proves that the learning media that has been designed is useful and can be used in learning.
The basic principles of creating a national system of protection against new infections
Authors:   Maikop State Technological University, Agirov A.H. , Alekhnovich A.V. , Gukasov V.M. , Zakharov V.A. , Konyshev I.S. , Orlov D.A.
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the state of biological safety, threats of a sanitary and epidemiological nature, decisions taken to repel these threats, including the creation of a National System of protection against new infections, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 743 dated October 5, 2023. The basic principles of creating this system are formulated.
Non-invasive method forassessing the densitometric tumor parameters and other structures using CT images
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.N. Blokhin” of the Russian Ministry of Health, Lebedenko I.M. , Gavrikov B.M. ,   MGOB No. 62 of the Department of Health
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the work was to study the capabilities of a clinically accessible software method for assessing the densitometric properties of a pathological lesion and other structures of the human body during adapted radio therapy (dynamic observation). To quantitatively assess the densitometric properties of human body structures during dynamic observation, a proprietary program was used, consisting of several subprograms. The versatility of the software method has been demonstrated both for assessing the density characteristics of a tumor during dynamic observation for any cases of visualization of tumor boundaries (including cases of unclear visualization of the tumor boundary) and other structures. Quantitative characteristics of tumor densitometric parameters are presented. The possibilities of using the same method are shown using the example of bone cement material used in oncology, which enters the irradiation field during radiotherapy. The quantitative information content of the method is shown.