bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Happened to Your College Town: The Changing Relationship of Higher Education and College Towns, 1940–2000
Authors: Rousmaniere Kate
Published: August 2021

This essay examines the history of what is commonly called the town-gown relationship in American college towns in the six decades after the Second World War. A time of considerable expansion of higher education enrollment and function, the period also marks an increasing detachment of higher education institutions from their local communities. Once closely tied by university offices that advised the bulk of their students in off-campus housing, those bonds between town and gown began to come apart in the 1970s, due primarily to legal and economic factors that restricted higher education institutions’ outreach. Given the importance of off-campus life to college students, over half of whom have historically lived off campus, the essay argues for increased research on college towns in the history of higher education.
The trace fossilPolykampton recurvumn. isp. (sequestrichnia) from the Maastrichtian–Paleocene deep-sea deposits of NW Italy
Authors: Uchman Alfred , Rattazzi Bruno
Published: August 2021

Polykampton recurvumn. isp. is the sixth ichnospecies of the ichnogenusPolykamptonOoster, 1869. It is a horizontal structure composed of a median cylindrical tunnel and narrow, usually back-curved lateral lobes located in alternating position. It occurs 2–3 cm below the top of single beds in the Maastrichtian–Paleocene deep-sea turbiditic marlstones of the Monte Antola Unit in the Northern Apennines. The lobes ofP. recurvumn. isp. are actively filled with gray mudstone from above through the permanently open median tunnel. The trace fossil belongs to the category sequestrichnia, which is typical of oxygenated deep-sea environments characterized by seasonal or episodic supply of organic matter into a generally oligotrophic environment.P. recurvumn. isp. was produced by a “worm,” probably a polychaete, which adapted to seasonal or only episodic supply of organic matter to the deep-sea floor. The tracemaker stored the organic-rich mud in the lobes for nutrition during times of low organic matter availability on the seafloor.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/49555117-1c39-4658-8b49-3f3e2f47ba27
LIE ALGEBRA MODULES WHICH ARE LOCALLY FINITE AND WITH FINITE MULTIPLICITIES OVER THE SEMISIMPLE PART
Authors: MAZORCHUK VOLODYMYR , MRÐEN RAFAEL
Published: August 2021

For a finite-dimensional Lie algebra
$\mathfrak {L}$
over
$\mathbb {C}$
with a fixed Levi decomposition
$\mathfrak {L} = \mathfrak {g} \ltimes \mathfrak {r}$
, where
$\mathfrak {g}$
is semisimple, we investigate
$\mathfrak {L}$
-modules which decompose, as
$\mathfrak {g}$
-modules, into a direct sum of simple finite-dimensional
$\mathfrak {g}$
-modules with finite multiplicities. We call such modules
$\mathfrak {g}$
-Harish-Chandra modules. We give a complete classification of simple
$\mathfrak {g}$
-Harish-Chandra modules for the Takiff Lie algebra associated to
$\mathfrak {g} = \mathfrak {sl}_2$
, and for the Schrödinger Lie algebra, and obtain some partial results in other cases. An adapted version of Enright’s and Arkhipov’s completion functors plays a crucial role in our arguments. Moreover, we calculate the first extension groups of infinite-dimensional simple
$\mathfrak {g}$
-Harish-Chandra modules and their annihilators in the universal enveloping algebra, for the Takiff
$\mathfrak {sl}_2$
and the Schrödinger Lie algebra. In the general case, we give a sufficient condition for the existence of infinite-dimensional simple
$\mathfrak {g}$
-Harish-Chandra modules.
Some Elizabethan Sermons Delivered at St Paul's Cross (1597)
Authors: McGOVERN JONATHAN
Published: August 2021

This note identifies three dated sermons delivered at St Paul's Cross in 1597 which do not appear in Millar Maclure's Register of sermons. These sermons are recorded in an anonymous notebook probably written by a member of the Exchequer's staff.
Understanding the State Regulation of Fatherhood in Latin America: Complementary versus Co-responsible
Authors: Martínez Franzoni Juliana
Published: August 2021

Fatherhood is a key but missing component of research on welfare regimes. What do states formally demand from fatherhood across Latin America? Using a novel data set of coded legal and policy provisions for 19 Latin American countries, this article offers a conceptual framework to examine state interventions targeting biological, caregiving and breadwinning dimensions of fatherhood. My findings show that, regardless of how robust their social policies are, most countries presume fatherhood to be complementary rather than co-responsible to motherhood. By making a conceptual, empirical and practical contribution to studying the state regulation of fatherhood, this article contributes to a more comprehensive view of welfare regimes.
Variations by ethnicity in referral and treatment pathways for IAPT service users in South London
Authors: Harwood Hannah , Rhead Rebecca , Chui Zoe , Bakolis Ioannis , Connor Luke , Gazard Billy , Hall Jheanell , MacCrimmon Shirlee , Rimes Katharine A. , Woodhead Charlotte , Hatch Stephani L.
Published: August 2021

Background

The Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme aims to provide equitable access to therapy for common mental disorders. In the UK, inequalities by ethnicity exist in accessing and receiving mental health treatment. However, limited research examines IAPT pathways to understand whether and at which points such inequalities may arise.

Methods

This study examined variation by ethnicity in (i) source of referral to IAPT services, (ii) receipt of assessment session, (iii) receipt of at least one treatment session. Routine data were collected on service user characteristics, referral source, assessment and treatment receipt from 85 800 individuals referred to South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust IAPT services between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2016. Multinomial and logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between ethnicity and referral source, assessment and treatment receipt. Missing ethnicity data (18.5%) were imputed using census data and reported alongside a complete case analysis.

Results

Compared to the White British group, Black African, Asian and Mixed ethnic groups were less likely to self-refer to IAPT services. Black Caribbean, Black Other and White Other groups are more likely to be referred through community services. Almost all racial and minority ethnic groups were less likely to receive an assessment compared to the White British group, and of those who were assessed, all racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to be treated.

Conclusions

Racial and ethnic minority service users appear to experience barriers to IAPT care at different pathway stages. Services should address potential cultural, practical and structural barriers.
Winstanley's “Righteous Actors”: Performance, Affect, and Extraordinary Politics in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Murakami Ineke
Published: August 2021

On the first day of April 1649, on the predominantly rural manor of Walton, Surrey, the sight of people preparing land for the plow was unremarkable. To see men up at dawn, dressed for the field in broad-brimmed hats, homespun waistcoats, and short breeches, loosening or breaking up clods with their spades, stooping to toss aside root and rock, was typical. What did raise eyebrows, however, was the sight of such busyness on a Sunday, the Sabbath, and on no less remarkable ground than George Hill, with its “very barren,” sandy soil. When questioned, Gerrard Winstanley reframed this performative break with religious, social, and agricultural norms as he did in his soon to be published manifesto, The True Levellers’ Standard Advanced. To work this land was to “declare . . . by action,” as well as by word, that Winstanley, the self-described “prophet” William Everard, and a small number of others had been sent by the Creator to begin their mission of transforming “the Earth [into] a common Treasury for all, both Rich and Poor.” Rural, religious, and resource poor, the Digger collective has not received substantial attention from performance studies scholars. Even some historians of the seventeenth century have questioned the significance of this small, nonviolent agrarian group in the intensely “charged political atmosphere of the 1640s,” but as a collective whose theatrical social performances raised them from obscurity to national visibility, Diggers are in some ways the epitome of this era.
Effect of older adults in the family on the sandwich generation's pursuit of entrepreneurship: evidence from China
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Wang Wenjing , Cong Zhen , Chen Zhirui
Published: August 2021

Household entrepreneurship is a basic unit of entrepreneurial activity, and a crucial aspect of connecting personal and social wellbeing. This study examines the relationship between the proportion of elderly family members and household entrepreneurship. This study also assesses the mediating effect of the middle-aged generation's support to their parents and the moderating effect of the parents’ support with respect to the proportion of elderly family members and entrepreneurship. We use data from the China Family Panel Studies. We adopt the instrumental variable method to deal with endogeneity, robustness and credibility of the estimation results. The results show that a higher proportion of elderly family members impedes household entrepreneurship. Moreover, the financial and instrumental support provided by the middle-aged generation to their parents significantly mediates the relationship between the proportion of elderly family members and household entrepreneurship. In turn, parents’ financial support to the middle-aged generation moderates the focal relationship; however, parents’ instrumental support does not moderate the focal relationship. These findings emphasise the need to develop a comprehensive social security network for older adults that will indirectly promote household entrepreneurship, and improve personal and social wellbeing.
Developing a Healthcare Technology Acceptance Model (H-TAM) for Older Adults with Hypertension
Authors: Harris Maurita T. , Rogers Wendy A.
Published: August 2021

Older adults with a chronic health condition (e.g. hypertension) use various self-management methods. Healthcare technologies have the potential to support health self-management. However, it is necessary to understand the acceptance of these technologies as a precursor to older adults’ adoption and integration into their health plan. Our focus was on the factors older adults with hypertension initially consider when introduced to three new healthcare technologies that might support their health self-management. We compared their considerations for a blood pressure monitor, an electronic pillbox and a multifunction robot to simulate incrementally more complex technologies. Twenty-three participants (aged 65–84) completed four questionnaires and a semi-structured interview. The interview transcripts were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. We identified the factors that were frequently mentioned among the participants for each of the three healthcare technologies. The factors that older adults initially considered were familiarity, perceived benefits, perceived ease of use, perceived need for oneself, relative advantage, complexity and perceived need for others. Upon further reflection, participants considered advice acceptance, compatibility, convenience, facilitating conditions, perceived usefulness, privacy, subjective norm, and trust. We integrated the factors that older adults considered into the Healthcare Technology Acceptance Model (H-TAM), which elucidates the complexity of healthcare technology acceptance and provides guidance for future explorations.
Cooperation between the EU and China: A post-liberal governmentality approach
Authors: Fanoulis Evangelos , Song Weiqing
Published: August 2021

The European Union's partnership with China has received significant academic attention. Experts have focused on both parties’ economic and political objectives and have made efforts to grasp the dynamics of the institutionalisation of EU-China cooperation. However, little has been said about how this collaboration affects the lives of citizens, especially in China. Adopting a Foucauldian epistemology, this article's key contention is that EU-China cooperation imposes a joint form of post-liberal governmental power on the Chinese population, which socially constructs empowered but not liberal political subjectivities for Chinese citizens. The article first reviews Foucault's approach to governmentality. It then explores Sino-EUropean collaboration after 2013, when the two partners established the ‘EU-China 2020 Strategic Agenda for Cooperation’. We illustrate how the institutionalisation of the partnership has been consistent with a governmentalised political rationality, and how policy implementation has allowed a post-liberal form of governmental power to flow from both EU and Chinese policymakers towards the Chinese population, triggering processes of political subjectivisation.
Spatial analysis of the incidence of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya and socioeconomic determinants in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Queiroz Eny Regina da Silva , Medronho Roberto de Andrade
Published: August 2021

In 2015–2016, simultaneous circulation of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) was reported. We conducted an ecological study to analyse the spatial distribution of dengue, Zika and chikungunya cases and to investigate socioeconomic factors associated with individual and combined disease incidence in 2015–2016. We then constructed thematic maps and analysed the bivariate global Moran indices. Classical and spatial models were used. A distinct spatial distribution pattern for dengue, Zika and chikungunya was identified in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The bivariate global Moran indices (P < 0.05) revealed negative spatial correlations between rates of dengue, Zika, chikungunya and combined arboviruses incidence and social development index and mean income. The regression models (P < 0.05) identified a negative relationship between mean income and each of these rates and between sewage and Zika incidence rates, as well as a positive relationship between urban areas and chikungunya incidence rates. In our study, spatial analysis techniques helped to identify high-risk and social determinants at the local level for the three arboviruses. Our findings may aid in backing effective interventions for the prevention and control of epidemics of these diseases.
Impact of COVID-19 on the indigenous population of Brazil: a geo-epidemiological study
Authors: Alves Josilene D. , Abade André S. , Peres Wigis P. , Borges Jonatas E. , Santos Sandra M. , Scholze Alessandro R.
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to analyse the geographical distribution of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to identify high-risk areas in space and time for the occurrence of cases and deaths in the indigenous population of Brazil. This is an ecological study carried out between 24 March and 26 October 2020 whose units of analysis were the Special Indigenous Sanitary Districts. The Getis-Ord General G and Getis-Ord Gi* techniques were used to verify the spatial association of the phenomena and a retrospective space–time scan was performed. There were 32 041 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 471 deaths. The non-randomness of cases (z score = 5.40; P < 0.001) and deaths (z score = 3.83; P < 0.001) were confirmed. Hotspots were identified for cases and deaths in the north and midwest regions of Brazil. Sixteen high-risk space–time clusters were identified for the occurrence of cases with a higher RR = 21.23 (P < 0.001) and four risk clusters for deaths with a higher RR = 80.33 (P < 0.001). These clusters were identified from 22 May and were active until 10 October 2020. The results indicate critical areas in the indigenous territories of Brazil and contribute to better directing the actions of control of COVID-19 in this population.
INTERSECTION COHOMOLOGY OF THE MODULI SPACE OF HIGGS BUNDLES ON A GENUS 2 CURVE
Authors: Felisetti Camilla
Published: August 2021

LetCbe a smooth projective curve of genus$2$. Following a method by O’Grady, we construct a semismall desingularisation$\tilde {\mathcal {M}}_{Dol}^G$of the moduli space$\mathcal {M}_{Dol}^G$of semistableG-Higgs bundles of degree 0 for$G=\mathrm {GL}(2,\mathbb {C}), \mathrm {SL}(2,\mathbb {C})$. By the decomposition theorem of Beilinson, Bernstein and Deligne, one can write the cohomology of$\tilde {\mathcal {M}}_{Dol}^G$as a direct sum of the intersection cohomology of$\mathcal {M}_{Dol}^G$plus other summands supported on the singular locus. We use this splitting to compute the intersection cohomology of$\mathcal {M}_{Dol}^G$and prove that the mixed Hodge structure on it is pure, in analogy with what happens to ordinary cohomology in the smooth case of coprime rank and degree.
Theology, the Fairy Queen
Authors: Masuzawa Tomoko
Published: August 2021

Scholars of religion today understand that the scientific basis of religious studies lies in the fact that religion is a multifarious historical phenomenon accessible through empirical research, and that this study therefore differs fundamentally from theology premised on the acceptance of supernaturally revealed truths and faith traditions. Meanwhile, it has been broadly believed that theology once occupied the preeminent position in the medieval university, as expressed by the well-known sobriquet “queen of the sciences.” By surveying the early history of the university, this article shows that most medieval universities did not have a theology faculty until the fourteenth century. With the notable exception of Paris and its immediate offspring (Oxford and Cambridge), the relation between theology and the university was far more tangential and temporizing than is generally assumed—a point worth bearing in mind as we consider the question of the secularization of learning, which is said to have taken place since the early modern period.
Laufen gegen die Depression
Authors: Traber Rahel
Published: August 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bekannt?

Es wurden bereits viele Studien zu diesem Thema veröffentlicht, welche den positiven Effekt von sportlicher Aktivität auf Depressionen bestätigen. Aufgrund der Fülle an Studien können die Resultate als aussagekräftig betrachtet werden.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Neben dem zu erwartenden Effekt auf die depressive Symptomatik wurden zusätzliche signifikante Ergebnisse in den Bereichen der sozialen Beziehungen, der Stimmungslage sowie des Angst- und Stresslevels nachgewiesen.

Was sind die Auswirkungen auf die Praxis?

Aufgrund der aussagekräftigen Resultate kann sportliche Aktivität gezielt und evidenzgestützt in die Therapie von depressiven Patientinnen und Patienten aber auch in anderen Fachgebieten der Psychiatrie einbezogen werden.
Optimizing Lake Surface Water Temperature Simulations Over Large Lakes in China With FLake Model
Authors: Huang Ling , Wang Xuhui , Sang Yuxing , Tang Shuchang , Jin Lei , Yang Hui , Ottlé Catherine , Bernus Anthony , Wang Shenglei , Wang Chenzhi , Zhang Yuan
Published: August 2021

Lake surface water temperature (LSWT) is sensitive to climate change; however, simulated LSWT and its response to climate change remain uncertain. In this study, FLake, a one‐dimensional freshwater lake model, is optimized to simulate the LSWTs of 94 large lakes with surface areas greater than 100 km2 in China. While most of these lakes are seasonally ice‐covered over the Tibetan Plateau, FLake with default parameters significantly underestimated LSWT in spring and winter and slightly overestimated LSWT in summer and autumn in seasonally ice‐covered lakes. We performed sensitivity experiments and calibration in the trial lake (Qinghai Lake). Then, parameter calibrations of three lake‐specific properties (albedo, lake mean depth and light extinction coefficient) were performed in all the studied lakes. The optimized FLake substantially improved the simulations of seasonal and interannual variations in LSWT. The root mean square error decreased from 3.64 ± 1.54°C to 1.97 ± 0.72°C, and the mean bias of 96% of the lakes decreased to less than 1°C. Our study showed that the optimized FLake can reproduce the temporal variations in LSWT across China with optimized parameters, providing the possibility to simulate and project the response of LSWT to rapid climate change.
Quantifying Contributions of External Drivers to the Global Ionospheric State
Authors: Meng Xing , Verkhoglyadova Olga P.
Published: August 2021

To advance our understanding of the global response of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) to various external drivers, we apply entropy‐based information theory to quantify contributions of solar, interplanetary, and lower atmospheric drivers to the global ionospheric state described by the Global Ionospheric Map (GIM). By computing normalized transfer entropy on 18 years of GIM TEC, F10.7, solar wind, and lower atmospheric data, we obtain the predictive information transfer from the present drivers to the global ionospheric state at various future times. We find that the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance dominates the information transfer within 3 days into the future, while the lower atmospheric migrating tidal sources dominate beyond 3 days into the future. The maximum information transfer from individual drivers reveals the maximum contributions from the drivers to the global ionospheric state. Among all drivers considered, the lower atmospheric migrating tidal sources contribute most. The solar EUV irradiance and tropospheric deep convection are secondary drivers with comparable contributions at about half of the contribution from migrating tidal sources. The interplanetary driving contributes the least to the global ionospheric state during both geomagnetic storm and quiet time, even though the contribution from the interplanetary magnetic field can enhance four to six times during geomagnetic storm time than quiet time.
Targeting serine hydroxymethyltransferases 1 and 2 for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy
Authors: Pikman Yana , Ocasio-Martinez Nicole , Alexe Gabriela , Dimitrov Boris , Kitara Samuel , Diehl Frances F. , Robichaud Amanda L. , Conway Amy Saur , Ross Linda , Su Angela , Ling Frank , Qi Jun , Roti Giovanni , Lewis Caroline A. , Puissant Alexandre , Vander Heiden Matthew G. , Stegmaier Kimberly
Published: August 2021

Despite progress in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), T-cell ALL (T-ALL) has limited treatment options, particularly in the setting of relapsed/refractory disease. Using an unbiased genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen we sought to identify pathway dependencies for T-ALL which could be harnessed for therapy development. Disruption of the one-carbon folate, purine and pyrimidine pathways scored as the top metabolic pathways required for T-ALL proliferation. We used a recently developed inhibitor of SHMT1 and SHMT2, RZ-2994, to characterize the effect of inhibiting these enzymes of the one-carbon folate pathway in T-ALL and found that T-ALL cell lines were differentially sensitive to RZ-2994, with the drug inducing a S/G2 cell cycle arrest. The effects of SHMT1/2 inhibition were rescued by formate supplementation. Loss of both SHMT1 and SHMT2 was necessary for impaired growth and cell cycle arrest, with suppression of both SHMT1 and SHMT2 inhibiting leukemia progression in vivo. RZ-2994 also decreased leukemia burden in vivo and remained effective in the setting of methotrexate resistance in vitro. This study highlights the significance of the one-carbon folate pathway in T-ALL and supports further development of SHMT inhibitors for treatment of T-ALL and other cancers.
Structured 3D linear space–time light bullets by nonlocal nanophotonics
Authors: Guo Cheng , Xiao Meng , Orenstein Meir , Fan Shanhui
Published: August 2021

We propose the generation of 3D linear light bullets propagating in free space using a single passive nonlocal optical surface. The nonlocal nanophotonics can generate space–time coupling without any need for bulky pulse-shaping and spatial modulation techniques. Our approach provides simultaneous control of various properties of the light bullets, including the external properties such as the group velocity and the propagation distance, and internal degrees of freedom such as the spin angular momentum and the orbital angular momentum.
Pre-treatment clinical and gene expression patterns predict developmental change in early intervention in autism
Authors: Lombardo Michael V. , Busuoli Elena Maria , Schreibman Laura , Stahmer Aubyn C. , Pramparo Tiziano , Landi Isotta , Mandelli Veronica , Bertelsen Natasha , Barnes Cynthia Carter , Gazestani Vahid , Lopez Linda , Bacon Elizabeth C. , Courchesne Eric , Pierce Karen
Published: August 2021

Early detection and intervention are believed to be key to facilitating better outcomes in children with autism, yet the impact of age at treatment start on the outcome is poorly understood. While clinical traits such as language ability have been shown to predict treatment outcome, whether or not and how information at the genomic level can predict treatment outcome is unknown. Leveraging a cohort of toddlers with autism who all received the same standardized intervention at a very young age and provided a blood sample, here we find that very early treatment engagement (i.e., <24 months) leads to greater gains while controlling for time in treatment. Pre-treatment clinical behavioral measures predict 21% of the variance in the rate of skill growth during early intervention. Pre-treatment blood leukocyte gene expression patterns also predict the rate of skill growth, accounting for 13% of the variance in treatment slopes. Results indicated that 295 genes can be prioritized as driving this effect. These treatment-relevant genes highly interact at the protein level, are enriched for differentially histone acetylated genes in autism postmortem cortical tissue, and are normatively highly expressed in a variety of subcortical and cortical areas important for social communication and language development. This work suggests that pre-treatment biological and clinical behavioral characteristics are important for predicting developmental change in the context of early intervention and that individualized pre-treatment biology related to histone acetylation may be key.
Poly-L-arginine promotes asthma angiogenesis through induction of FGFBP1 in airway epithelial cells via activation of the mTORC1-STAT3 pathway
Authors: Chen Xu , Miao Manli , Zhou Meng , Chen Jie , Li Dapeng , Zhang Ling , Sun Anjiang , Guan Minglong , Wang Zixi , Liu Ping , Zhang Shengquan , Zha Xiaojun , Fan Xiaoyun
Published: August 2021

Angiogenesis is a key characteristic of asthma airway remodeling. By releasing cationic granule proteins, such as major basic protein (MBP), activated eosinophils play a prominent role in asthma, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor-binding protein 1 (FGFBP1) was dramatically upregulated in airway epithelial cell lines treated by poly-L-arginine (PLA), a mimic of MBP. Elevated FGFBP1 expression was also detected in asthma clinical samples, as well as in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced chronic asthma mouse models. PLA enhanced FGFBP1 expression through activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (mTORC1-STAT3) signaling pathway. STAT3 transactivated FGFBP1 by directly binding to the promoter of the FGFBP1 gene. Furthermore, we identified that FGFBP1 secreted by PLA-treated airway epithelial cells served as a proangiogenesis factor. Lastly, we found the mTORC1-STAT3-FGFBP1 signaling pathway was activated in an OVA-induced chronic asthma model with airway remodeling features. Rapamycin treatment alleviated respiratory symptoms and reduced angiogenesis in asthmatic mice. Therefore, activation of the mTORC1-STAT3-FGFBP1 pathway in the airway epithelium contributes to the progress of angiogenesis and should be targeted for the treatment of asthma.
Mixed alkali-ion transport and storage in atomic-disordered honeycomb layered NaKNi2TeO6
Authors: Masese Titus , Miyazaki Yoshinobu , Rizell Josef , Kanyolo Godwill Mbiti , Chen Chih-Yao , Ubukata Hiroki , Kubota Keigo , Sau Kartik , Ikeshoji Tamio , Huang Zhen-Dong , Yoshii Kazuki , Takahashi Teruo , Ito Miyu , Senoh Hiroshi , Hwang Jinkwang , Alshehabi Abbas , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Matsunaga Toshiyuki , Fujii Kotaro , Yashima Masatomo , Shikano Masahiro , Tassel Cédric , Kageyama Hiroshi , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Hagiwara Rika , Saito Tomohiro
Published: August 2021

Honeycomb layered oxides constitute an emerging class of materials that show interesting physicochemical and electrochemical properties. However, the development of these materials is still limited. Here, we report the combined use of alkali atoms (Na and K) to produce a mixed-alkali honeycomb layered oxide material, namely, NaKNi2TeO6. Via transmission electron microscopy measurements, we reveal the local atomic structural disorders characterised by aperiodic stacking and incoherency in the alternating arrangement of Na and K atoms. We also investigate the possibility of mixed electrochemical transport and storage of Na+ and K+ ions in NaKNi2TeO6. In particular, we report an average discharge cell voltage of about 4 V and a specific capacity of around 80 mAh g–1 at low specific currents (i.e., < 10 mA g–1) when a NaKNi2TeO6-based positive electrode is combined with a room-temperature NaK liquid alloy negative electrode using an ionic liquid-based electrolyte solution. These results represent a step towards the use of tailored cathode active materials for “dendrite-free” electrochemical energy storage systems exploiting room-temperature liquid alkali metal alloy materials.
Rheological inheritance controls the formation of segmented rifted margins in cratonic lithosphere
Authors: Gouiza M. , Naliboff J.
Published: August 2021

Observations from rifted margins reveal that significant structural and crustal variability develops through the process of continental extension and breakup. While a clear link exists between distinct margin structural domains and specific phases of rifting, the origin of strong segmentation along the length of margins remains relatively ambiguous and may reflect multiple competing factors. Given that rifting frequently initiates on heterogenous basements with a complex tectonic history, the role of structural inheritance and shear zone reactivation is frequently examined. However, the link between large-scale variations in lithospheric structure and rheology and 3-D rifted margin geometries remains relatively unconstrained. Here, we use 3-D thermo-mechanical simulations of continental rifting, constrained by observations from the Labrador Sea, to unravel the effects of inherited variable lithospheric properties on margin segmentation. The modelling results demonstrate that variations in the initial crustal and lithospheric thickness, composition, and rheology produce sharp gradients in rifted margin width, the timing of breakup and its magmatic budget, leading to strong margin segmentation.
A kinetically controlled platform for ligand-oligonucleotide transduction
Authors: Zhang Qiu-Long , Wang Liang-Liang , Liu Yan , Lin Jiao , Xu Liang
Published: August 2021

Ligand-oligonucleotide transduction provides the critical pathway to integrate non-nucleic acid molecules into nucleic acid circuits and nanomachines for a variety of strand-displacement related applications. Herein, a general platform is constructed to convert the signals of ligands into desired oligonucleotides through a precise kinetic control. In this design, the ligand-aptamer binding sequence with an engineered duplex stem is introduced between the toehold and displacement domains of the invading strand to regulate the strand-displacement reaction. Employing this platform, we achieve efficient transduction of both small molecules and proteins orthogonally, and more importantly, establish logical and cascading operations between different ligands for versatile transduction. Besides, this platform is capable of being directly coupled with the signal amplification systems to further enhance the transduction performance. This kinetically controlled platform presents unique features with designing simplicity and flexibility, expandable complexity and system compatibility, which may pave a broad road towards nucleic acid-based developments of sophisticated transduction networks.
Impact of estrogen receptor levels on outcome in non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Dieci Maria Vittoria , Griguolo Gaia , Bottosso Michele , Tsvetkova Vassilena , Giorgi Carlo Alberto , Vernaci Grazia , Michieletto Silvia , Angelini Silvia , Marchet Alberto , Tasca Giulia , Genovesi Elisa , Cumerlato Enrico , Lo Mele Marcello , Conte PierFranco , Guarneri Valentina
Published: August 2021

Although 1% is the recommended cut-off to define estrogen receptor (ER) positivity, a 10% cut-off is often used in clinical practice for therapeutic purposes. We here evaluate clinical outcomes according to ER levels in a monoinstitutional cohort of non-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinicopathological data of 406 patients with ER < 10% HER2-negative BC treated with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy between 01/2000 and 04/2019 were collected. Patients were categorized in ER-negative (ER < 1%; N = 364) and ER-low positive (1–9%, N = 42). At a median follow-up of 54 months, 88 patients had relapsed and 64 died. No significant difference was observed in invasive relapse-free survival (iRFS) and overall survival (OS) according to ER expression levels, both at univariate and multivariate analysis (5-years iRFS 74.0% versus 73.1% for ER-negative and ER-low positive BC, respectively, p = 0.6; 5-years OS 82.3% versus 76.7% for ER-negative and ER-low positive BC, respectively, p = 0.8). Among the 165 patients that received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pathological complete response rate was similar in the two cohorts (38% in ER-negative, 44% in ER-low positive, p = 0.498). In conclusion, primary BC with ER1–9% shows similar clinical behavior to ER 1% BC. Our results suggest the use of a 10% cut-off, rather than <1%, to define triple-negative BC.
Ecological and health risk assessment of trace metals in water collected from Haripur gas blowout area of Bangladesh
Authors: Howladar M. Farhad , Hossain Md. Numan , Anju Khaleda Akter , Das Debjani
Published: August 2021

The study aims to assess the trace metals and physicochemical properties of water in the adjacent to the Sylhet gas blowout area. Trace metals were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, whereas physicochemical parameters were evaluated in-situ state using portable instruments and also in the laboratory. Trace metals Pb, Cd, and Ni were found in the water samples higher than the acceptable limit by WHO standards, whereas the concentration of Cu and Zn were within acceptable limit, respectively. The correlation coefficient matrix and factor loading analysis spectacle that the interrelationship among the physicochemical parameters, trace elements, as well as other ions are moderate to strongly corellated which reflecting the homogeneous source of origin. According to contamination factor, Nemerow multi-factor index, pollution load index, and also, potential ecological risk index, the water of the region is quite polluted in case of Pb, Cd, and Ni but unpolluted for Cu and Zn. The water quality index indicates that treatment of water is required before using it for domestic purposes. The health quotient and hazard index results are less than standard value 1 suggesting that there is no noncarcinogenic risk in the area. The carcinogenic analysis shows that the lifetime incremental cancer risk mean value of Cd and Ni are fairly insignificant and Pb is more significant for children to cause health problem. The ILCR value of Cd and Ni are insignificant whereas Pb is significant to pose health risk for adults. Physicochemical parameters revealed that the water was slightly acidic and soft in nature implying to avoid the water from this area for drinking purposes. At the end, it can be concluded that this study will be useful for the residence as well as the policymaker to take the protective surveillance measures around the areas.
Genomic insights into the antibiotic resistance pattern of the tetracycline-degrading bacterium, Arthrobacter nicotianae OTC-16
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhu Rongrong , Li Weilin , Ma Junwei , Lin Hui
Published: August 2021

Although many bacteria have the potential to remove antibiotic residues from environmental niches, the benefits of using antibiotic-degrading bacteria to manage antibiotic pollution should be assessed against the risk of the potential expansion of antimicrobial resistance. This study investigated the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacterium Arthrobacter nicotianae OTC-16, which shows substantial biodegradation of oxytetracycline (OTC)/tetracycline. The results showed that this strain could be resistant to at least seven categories of 15 antibiotics, based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The genome of A. nicotianae OTC-16 contains one chromosome (3,643,989 bp) and two plasmids (plasmid1, 123,894 bp and plasmid2, 29,841 bp). Of the 3,561 genes isolated, eight were related to antibiotic resistance. During OTC degradation by the strain OTC-16, the expression of ant2ia, sul1, tet33, and cml_e8 in the plasmid, and one gene (tetV) in the chromosome were tracked using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Only the plasmid-derived resistance genes were up-regulated in the presence of OTC. The presence of OTC increased the tolerance of strain OTC-16 to streptomycin sulphate. The findings of this study can help deepen our understanding of the behavioural characteristics of resistance genes and adaptive evolution of drug-resistant bacteria.
Protein supplementation during an energy-restricted diet induces visceral fat loss and gut microbiota amino acid metabolism activation: a randomized trial
Authors: Bel Lassen Pierre , Belda Eugeni , Prifti Edi , Dao Maria Carlota , Specque Florian , Henegar Corneliu , Rinaldi Laure , Wang Xuedan , Kennedy Sean P. , Zucker Jean-Daniel , Calame Wim , Lamarche Benoît , Claus Sandrine P. , Clément Karine
Published: August 2021

Interactions between diet and gut microbiota are critical regulators of energy metabolism. The effects of fibre intake have been deeply studied but little is known about the impact of proteins. Here, we investigated the effects of high protein supplementation (Investigational Product, IP) in a double blind, randomised placebo-controled intervention study (NCT01755104) where 107 participants received the IP or an isocaloric normoproteic comparator (CP) alongside a mild caloric restriction. Gut microbiota profiles were explored in a patient subset (n = 53) using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Visceral fat decreased in both groups (IP group: − 20.8 ± 23.2 cm2; CP group: − 14.5 ± 24.3 cm2) with a greater reduction (p < 0.05) with the IP supplementation in the Per Protocol population. Microbial diversity increased in individuals with a baseline low gene count (p < 0.05). The decrease in weight, fat mass and visceral fat mass significantly correlated with the increase in microbial diversity (p < 0.05). Protein supplementation had little effects on bacteria composition but major differences were seen at functional level. Protein supplementation stimulated bacterial amino acid metabolism (90% amino-acid synthesis functions enriched with IP versus 13% in CP group (p < 0.01)). Protein supplementation alongside a mild energy restriction induces visceral fat mass loss and an activation of gut microbiota amino-acid metabolism.

Clinical trial registration: NCT01755104 (24/12/2012). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01755104?term=NCT01755104&draw=2&rank=1.
Mortality and predictors of acute kidney injury in adults: a hospital-based prospective observational study
Authors: Abebe Abinet , Kumela Kabaye , Belay Maekel , Kebede Bezie , Wobie Yohannes
Published: August 2021

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major global public health problem. It is expensive to manage and associated with a high rate of prolonged hospitalization and in-hospital mortality. Little is known about the burden of acute kidney injury in moderate to low-income countries. We aim to assess predictors of in-hospital mortality among AKI patients admitted to the medical ward. We prospectively identified patients meeting kidney disease improving global outcomes (KIDGO) AKI definitions from April to August 2019. Patients with underlying CKD and patients hospitalized for less than 48 h were excluded. The Cox regression model was fitted to identify predictors of mortality and statistical significance was considered at the p-value of less than 0.05. A total of 203 patients were enrolled over 5 months. Out of this, 121(59.6%) were males, 58(28.6%) were aged greater than 60 years, and 141(69.5%) had community-acquired acute kidney injury. The most common causes of AKI were Hypovolemia 99(48.77%), Glomerulonephritis 51(25.11%), and sepsis 32(15.79%). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 12.8%. Stage 3 AKI (AHR = 9.61, 95% CI 1.17–28.52, p = 0.035), duration of AKI (AHR = 7.04, 95% CI 1.37–36.08, p = 0.019), length of hospital stay (AHR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.73, p = 0.012), and hyperkalemia (AHR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.12–11.71, p = 0.032) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. There is a high rate of acute kidney injury-related in-hospital mortality in adult patients admitted to the medical ward. The severity of AKI, hyperkalemia duration of AKI, and a short length of hospital stay were predictors of 30-days in-hospital mortality. Most of the causes of AKI are preventable and patients may benefit from early identification and treatment of these reversible causes.
Neuromorphic computation with a single magnetic domain wall
Authors: Ababei Razvan V. , Ellis Matthew O. A. , Vidamour Ian T. , Devadasan Dhilan S. , Allwood Dan A. , Vasilaki Eleni , Hayward Thomas J.
Published: August 2021

Machine learning techniques are commonly used to model complex relationships but implementations on digital hardware are relatively inefficient due to poor matching between conventional computer architectures and the structures of the algorithms they are required to simulate. Neuromorphic devices, and in particular reservoir computing architectures, utilize the inherent properties of physical systems to implement machine learning algorithms and so have the potential to be much more efficient. In this work, we demonstrate that the dynamics of individual domain walls in magnetic nanowires are suitable for implementing the reservoir computing paradigm in hardware. We modelled the dynamics of a domain wall placed between two anti-notches in a nickel nanowire using both a 1D collective coordinates model and micromagnetic simulations. When driven by an oscillating magnetic field, the domain exhibits non-linear dynamics within the potential well created by the anti-notches that are analogous to those of the Duffing oscillator. We exploit the domain wall dynamics for reservoir computing by modulating the amplitude of the applied magnetic field to inject time-multiplexed input signals into the reservoir, and show how this allows us to perform machine learning tasks including: the classification of (1) sine and square waves; (2) spoken digits; and (3) non-temporal 2D toy data and hand written digits. Our work lays the foundation for the creation of nanoscale neuromorphic devices in which individual magnetic domain walls are used to perform complex data analysis tasks.
Characteristics and risk assessment of occupational exposure to ultrafine particles generated from cooking in the Chinese restaurant
Authors: Gao Xiangjing , Zhang Meibian , Zou Hua , Zhou Zanrong , Yuan Weiming , Quan Changjian , Cao Yiyao
Published: August 2021

Ultrafine particles have been increasingly linked to adverse health effects in restaurant workers. This study aimed to clarify the exposure characteristics and risks of ultrafine particles during the cooking process, and to provide a reasonable standard for protecting the workers in the Chinese restaurant. The temporal variations in particle concentrations (number concentration (NC), mass concentration (MC), surface area concentration (SAC), and personal NC), and size distributions by number were measured by real-time system. The hazard, exposure, and risk levels of ultrafine particles were analyzed using the control banding tools. The NC, MC, and SAC increased during the cooking period and decreased gradually to background levels post-operation. The concentration ratios of MC, total NC, SAC, and personal NC ranged from 3.82 to 9.35. The ultrafine particles were mainly gathered at 10.4 and 100 nm during cooking. The exposure, hazard and risk levels of the ultrafine particles were high. These findings indicated that the workers during cooking were at high risk due to exposure to high levels of ultrafine particles associated with working activity and with a bimodal size distribution. The existing control strategies, including engineering control, management control, and personal protection equipment need to be improved to reduce the risk.
Improvement of binocular summation in intermittent exotropia following successful postoperative alignment
Authors: Li YuePing , Ding Juan , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2021

To investigate the improvement of binocular summation (BiS) at high contrast (100%) and different low contrasts (10, 5 and 2.5%) in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) after successfully postoperative alignment. A total of 76 patients (aged 9–40 years) with IXT and poor control at distance before surgery were enrolled in this study. The postoperative deviations ranged between 4 PD esophoria to 10 PD exotropia in the primary position (at near and at distance) in all the enrolled patients. The follow-up visits were 2–3 months after the surgery. We analyzed preoperative and postoperative BiS and the proportions of patients with different BiS for the high contrast and the low contrasts. Binocular summation (BiS) was classified into three situations: binocular summation, equal and inbibition. The results of the distant random dots stereograph (RDS) were grouped into A, unable to recognize; B, moderate, 200″ ≤ RDS ≤ 400″ and C, good, RDS < 200″. Following the successful postoperative alignment, the proportion of patients with BiS were increased from 9.2 to 40.8%, 17.1 to 53.9%, 21.1 to 76.1% and 21.1 to 72.4% at 100%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% contrasts respectively. At 2.5% contrast, (1) more patients presented binocular summation in the groups B and C; (2) postoperative improvements of binocular visual acuity (BVA) in groups B (1.5 ± 1.03 lines) and C (1.57 ± 1.26 lines) were significantly different from the BVA in the group A (0.74 ± 1.00 line); and (3) in the group with central fusion, more patients presented BiS after surgery and the postoperative BVA improved by 1.43 ± 1.16 lines. Binocular summation for high contrast and different low contrasts can be improved in patients with IXT after successful surgical treatment. The improvement of BiS was associated with obtaining central fusion, recovering distant stereopsis and good alignment after the surgeries. The most significant improvement was shown at 2.5% contrast and was associated with good stereopsis and central fusion. The improvement of BiS, particularly at low contrast, has benefits for the daily activities in the real environment. BiS improvement could be used as a supplementary assessment of binocular function in patients with IXT before and after treatment.