bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemberdayaan Kelompok Perempuan Marjinal dalam Pemenuhan Hak Ekonomi di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors:   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Nugroho Okky Chahyo , Firdaus Firdaus ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Utami Penny Naluria ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Rahmanto Tony Yuri ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Indriyani Dewi Analis ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Nadilla Sabrina ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Pardosi Rodes Ober Adi Guna ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Nurimaniar Yuditia ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Ramadhan Ardyan Gilang ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Yasin Hidayat ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM
Published: February 2023

Dampak Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merubah dan mempengaruhi berbagai macam aspek kehidupan masyarakat di berbagai negara tak terkecuali di Indonesia. Di antara berbagai aspek yang terkena dampak, aspek ekonomi dan sosial dinilai menjadi aspek yang sangat terpengaruh dan layak untuk diamati. Hasil penelitian yang menjadi dasar penulisan policy brief ini memfokuskan kepada perempuan kelompok marjinal dikategorikan sebagai perempuan yang bekerja di sektor informal yaitu sebagai Pekerja Rumah Tangga (PRT) dan perempuan yang menjadi tulang punggung keluarga atau kepala keluarga. Dalam konteks pandemi PRT menjadi kelompok yang rentan dan termarjinalkan sehingga perlu dilindungi karena diamanatkan dalam Konvensi ILO No. 189 Tahun 2011 meskipun Indonesia belum meratifikasinya. Sama halnya perempuan kepala keluarga berasal dari masyarakat menengah ke bawah dan berpendapatan di bawah Rp 1 juta per bulan mereka umumnya bekerja di sektor informal seperti buruh tani pedagang kecil dan pekerja rumah tangga. Upaya yang telah dilakukan pemerintah dalam pemenuhan hak ekonomi bagi kelompok perempuan di masa pandemi Covid-19 dilakukan secara bertahap yaitu: penyelamatan tahun untuk tahun 2020 dan 2021 secara bertahap, untuk tahun 2022 melakukan pemulihan ekonomi 2022, dan pernormalan dilakukan Tahun 2023. Pemerintah Daerah (Provinsi/Kabupaten/Kota) mengupayakan bantuan sesuai kebutuhan di lokasi masing-masing atas permintaan masyarakat kelompok perempuan berdasarkan hasil Musrembang ditingkat Desa ditindaklanjuti di Kabupaten/Kota dan Provinsi. Masih ditemui kendala dalam memberikan bantuan terutama Perempuan Pekerja Rumah Tangga yang belum banyak mendapatkan bantuan, tentunya harus didukung akurasi data terkini sehingga bantuan tersebut sampai kepada yang membutuhkan dan tidak ada skala prioritas bagi kelompok perempuan tertentu. Kendala lainnya yang dihadapi perempuan yaitu masih terdapat stigma bahwa perempuan tidak perlu mendapatkan pendidikan tinggi, kesempatan yang sama dengan laki-laki hingga fungsi perempuan adalah sebagai pelengkap dari kepala keluarga saja.
Menengok Kembali Problematika Penerapan Hukuman Mati dalam Konteks Hukum dan HAM
Authors:   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Firdaus Firdaus , Nugroho Okky Chahyo ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Darmawan Oksimana ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Rini Nicken Sarwo ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Pardosi Rodes Ober Adi Guna ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Raharjo Nevi Anggraeni ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Puspitawaty Sari ,   Direktorat Jenderal HAM, Aristeus Syprianus ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Swastika Novia ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Winarsih Sri ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM
Published: February 2023

Buku karya tulis ini semula merupakan sebuah laporan penelitian berjudul “Implementasi Kebijakan Hukuman Mati Ditinjau dari Aspek Hak Asasi Manusia 2021” Substansi yang dibahas adalah tentang “Menengok Kembali Penerapan Hukuman Mati dalam Konteks Hukum dan HAM” menjadi bahan perdebatan panjang baik dikalangan praktisi, akademisi, masyarakat dan pengiat hak asasi manusia pada khususnya. Hal ini menjadi polemik pro dan kontra, di satu sisi di anggap sebagai pelanggaran HAM, namun di sisi lain di anggap sebagai penegakan HAM. Pembahasannya mencakup hal-hal sebagai berikut: Gambaran Kondisi Implementasi Kebijakan Hukuman Mati; Kajian Teorits Problematika Hukuman Mati dalam Konteks Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia; Statistik dan Kebijakan Hukuman Mati; Perkembangan Diskursus Hukuman Mati, Konstitusionalitas Hak Asasi Manusia Terpidana Mati, dan Alternatif Pemidanaan; Kritisi Pihak Pro dan Kontra Kebijakan Regulasi Hukuman Mati versus Penerapan Hukuman Mati Atas Tindak Pidana yang dilakukan.
Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 35 Tahun 2018 Tentang Revitalisasi Penyelenggaran Pemasyarakatan
Authors: Yuliyanto Yuliyanto , Nugroho Siswanto Budi , Sosiawan Ulang Mangun , Budijanto Oki Wahju , Muhaimin Muhaimin , Octaviana Octaviana , Susilowati Farikhah Yuni , Raharjo Nevi Anggraeni , Sutopo Soleh Joko
Published: February 2023

Fenomena overcrowded yang terjadi di Lapas dan Rutan, membuat Kementerian Hukum dan HAM c.q Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan mengeluarkan kebijakan revitalisasi pemasyarakatan, sebagaimana tertuang dalam Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM No. 35 Tahun 2018. Langkah ini sebagai upaya untuk mewujudkan konsep pemasyarakatan agar dapat berjalan sesuai dengan tujuan. Pemasyarakatan bukan hanya tujuan dari pidana penjara, melainkan sebagai suatu proses yang bertujuan pemulihan kesatuan hubungan hidup, kehidupan dan penghidupan, yang terjalin antara individu terpidana dan masyarakat, agar menjadi “manusia seutuhnya” menuju masyarakat yang adil dan makmur berdasarkan Pancasila. Buku ini menguraikan tentang implementasi kebijakan revitalisasi penyelenggaraan pemasyarakatan, sehingga setelah diuraikan progress implementasi tersebut, Penulis menyimpulkan beberapa strategi yang dapat mengoptimalkan kebijakan revitalisasi pemasyarakatan. Semoga strategi yang telah dituangkan dalam rekomendasi hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu bahan pertimbangan kepada Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan dalam mengambil mengoptimalkan kebijakan revitalisasi pemasyarakatan. Buku ini dapat dijadikan bahan bacaan bagi pemangku kepentingan maupun bagi masyarakat umum yang ingin mengetahui lebih lanjut terkait revitalisasi pemasyarakatan.
Mediasi Solusi Penanganan Perkara Perdata di Pengadilan
Authors:   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Djuniarti Evi
Published: February 2023

Kekuasaan Kehakiman adalah kekuasan negara yang merdeka untuk menyelenggarakan peradilan guna menegakkan hukum dan keadilan berdasarkan Pancasila, demi terselenggaranya Negara Hukum Republik Indonesia. Dalam perjalanannya, ternyata pembangunan hukum dan peningkatan kualitas serta profesional aparat peradilan belum sanggup menciptakan kepastian hukum dan keadilan masyarakat, sehingga tujuan penggugat untuk menuntut haknya yang menurutnya dikuasai pihak lain dengan mengajukan gugatan perdata ke pengadilan dirasakan sangat lama, mahal, berbelit-belit dan sulit menjadi kenyataan. Kritik yang muncul terhadap peradilan bukan hanya gejala yang tumbuh di Indonesia, melainkan terjadi di seluruh dunia. Di manapun juga hukum tidak dapat mengikuti setiap perkembangan yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat hal ini berarti bahwa perubahan yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat lebih cepat daripada perubahan hukum. Pada hakekatnya semua sengketa perdata yang diajukan ke Pengadilan Tingkat Pertama wajib lebih dahulu diupayakan penyelesaian melalui perdamaian dengan bantuan mediator. Lembaga Mediasi bukanlah bagian dari lembaga litigasi oleh karena itu pada mulanya Lembaga Mediasi berada di luar Pengadilan. Namun sekarang ini Lembaga Mediasi sudah menyeberang memasuki wilayah Pengadilan. Negara-negara maju pada umumnya antara lain Amerika, Jepang, Australia, Singapura mempunyai Lembaga Mediasi baik yang berada di luar maupun di dalam Pengadilan. Sekarang pertanyaan bagaimana dengan Indonesia.
Kedudukan Klausula Arbitrase pada Kasus Kepailitan
Authors: Situmorang Mosgan
Published: February 2023

Hukum Arbitrase dan kepailitan itu sendiri pada dasarnya sudah ada sejak lama Pengundangan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1998, Kepailitan dan PKPU serta Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 Tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa telah membawa perubahan yang signifikan dalam hal penyelesaian kasus-kasus atau sengketa di bidang perekonomian dan perdagangan. Dengan makin pesatnya perkembangan perekonomian dan perdagangan serta makin banyaknya permasalahan utang-piutang yang timbul dalam dunia usaha yang belum bisa diselesaikan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1998 tentang Kepailitan, kembali ketentuan tersebut mengalami perubahan menjadi Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang yang diundangkan pada tanggal 18 Oktober 2004. Pada dasarnya kedua baik Undang Undang Kepailitan dan Undang Arbitrase mempunyai peran dan tujuan yang sama untuk mendukung kemajuan perekonomian. Yang menjadi permasalahan adalah dalam kedua Undang Undang tersebut terdapat norma yang saling bertentangan yakni antara pasal 3 Undang-Undang Arbitrase dan pasal 303 Undang Undang Kepailitan Dalam buku ini di uraikan bagaimana kedudukan kalausula arbitrase apabila timbul sengeketa dan akan tetapi salah satu pihak mengajukan kepailitan ke Pengadilan Niaga. Siapakah yang berwenang memeriksa kasus tersebut apakah lembaga arbitrase atau pengadilan Niaga dan bagaimana pendapat Mahkamah Agung dalam hal ini. Dengan diterbitkannya buku ini yang berisi ulasan mengenai sejarah, filosofi, syarat-syarat hukum Arbitrase dan Kepailitan, serta penundaan kewajiban pembayaran hutang diharapkan akan memberikan wawasan baru mengenai hukum Arbitrase dan Kepailitan serta penerapannya di Indonesia khususnya kontradiksi.
KEMENTERIAN HUKUM DAN HAM: Adaptasi Perubahan dan Strategi Sumber Daya Manusia
Authors:   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Budianto Oki Wahju , Nugroho Okky Chahyo ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Abdillah Junaidi ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM
Published: February 2023

Tata kelola pemerintahan secara efektif, efisien dan akuntabel menjadikan tantangan tersendiri bagi setiap instansi pemerintah. Tantangan tersebut dijawab dengan melakukan reformasi birokrasi serta penataan kelembagaan yang tepat fungsi, tepat ukuran dan tepat proses. Kelembagaan dinyatakan semakin efektif ditandai dengan menurunnya tumpang tindih kewenangan. Pada kenyataannya pelaksanaan pengembangan SDM di Kementerian Hukum dan HAM dilakukan oleh dua unit kerja yaitu: Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (BPSDM) Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia dan Sekretariat Jenderal melalui Bagian Pengembangan karier Pegawai. Hal ini menjadi permasalahan ketika masing-masing unit melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya di mana diduga terdapat kegiatan yang tumpang tindih, sehingga akan sulit adanya kejelasan tentang pengembangan SDM Kementerian Hukum dan HAM. Kondisi yang demikian juga menjadi tantangan dengan memperhatikan heterogenitas tugas dan fungsi Kementerian Hukum dan HAM, di mana sebaran Satuan Kerja (Satker) di 33 provinsi hingga kabupaten dan kota serta jumlah SDM yang besar (sekitar 68.000 pegawai). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa Kementerian Hukum dan HAM belum secara keseluruhan menyusun profil kompetensi para pegawai dan belum secara maksimal memanfaatkan hasil SJT serta hasil assessment. Dukungan sistem informasi pada prinsipnya Kementerian Hukum dan HAM telah memiliki sistem yang mumpuni, namun sistem yang ada ini belum dimanfaatkan secara baik dalam memilih, mengembangkan dan memposisikan sumber daya manusia yang memiliki kompetensi tinggi dan berkinerja baik terhadap organisasi. Oleh karena itu, Kementerian Hukum dan HAM perlu menyusun Grand Design manajemen SDM. Hal ini sangat penting untuk memberikan panduan serta arah dari kebijakan manajemen SDM. Grand Design ini dapat mencakup: Infrastruktur pengembangan kompetensi dan implementasi pengembangan kompetensi. Kementerian Hukum dan HAM perlu juga mengevaluasi kelembagaan di Biro Kepegawaian dan BPSDM.
Evaluasi Dampak Pelatihan Teknis Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (SPPA) Terhadap Implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 65 Tahun 2015
Authors:   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Mangun Ulang , Sujatmiko Sujatmiko ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Pardede Marulak ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Wibowo Willy ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Yusyanti Diana ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Suprapto Ali Subroto ,   Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Hukum dan HAM, Rachma Nadia Dwi ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Lamria Maria ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Nurcahya Dian ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Putra Andana Wiyaka ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Sari Intan Puspa ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Narindrani Fuzi ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM
Published: February 2023

Buku ini berisikan hasil evaluasi terhadap dampak Pelatihan Teknis Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak yang diselenggarakan oleh Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Hukum dan HAM Kementerian Hukum dan HAM dalam menunjang kinerja aparat penegak hukum ketika menangani kasus anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum. Dalam melakukan evaluasi tim pelakukan penelitian lapangan dengan mengambil 3 (tiga) lokus yaitu Cirebon, Bali, dan DKI Jakarta, selain itu juga dilakukan Focus Group Discussion dengan menghadirkan para alumni peserta diktat SPPA tersebut yaitu Angkatan 52, 56, 57, dan 58 untuk mendapatkan persepsi mereka terkait dengan kebermanfaatan Diktat SPPA dalam menunjang kinerja para aparat penegak hukum dalam penanganan anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum. Data tersebut kemudian disandingkan dengan data kasus ABH di wilayah tersebut dan jumlah kasus yang berakhir dengan diversi. Hal ini untuk memberikan gambaran objektif terkait dengan dampak Diktat SPPA dalam menunjang kinerja APH dalam penanganan anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan tim memberikan beberapa rekomendasi sebagaimana tertuang di dalam bagian penutup buku ini kepada Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Hukum dan HAM Kementerian Hukum dan HAM sehingga diktat SPPA yang dilakukan ke depannya dapat lebih optimal meningkatkan pengetahuan, meningkatan keterampilan dan membagun kesatuan dan keterpaduan di antara aparat penegak hukum dalam penanganan anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum.
Perlindungan Hak Cipta Buku di Era Digital
Authors:   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Mareta Josefhin
Published: February 2023

Perubahan teknologi telah mengubah bentuk pembajakan dari fotocopy menjadi kegiatan file sharing yaitu mengunggah dan mengunduh buku secara ilegal serta penjualan secara ilegal melalui marketplace. Permasalahan yang diangkat adalah upaya perlindungan hak cipta dari buku di era digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara, sedangkan data sekunder melalui peraturan perundang-undangan, hasil penelitian dan buku-buku serta literatur lainnya.
Performativitas Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, Transgender dan Queer di Indonesia
Authors:   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Kurniawan Arief , Natalya Eldes ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Salasa Amin ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Rachmawati Yani ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Ginting Antonio ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Citrawan Harison ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Tambunan Bintang ,   Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM
Published: February 2023

Dalam menyigi bekerjanya hukum atas gender dan seksualitas LGBT di Indonesia, buku ini mengadopsi dua kerangka metodologis, yakni metodologi queer dan hak asasi manusia secara interdisipliner. Menggunakan pendekatan performativitas hukum dan teori queer sebagai basis teoritik, bekerjanya hukum atas gender dan seksualitas LGBT di Indonesia diungkapkan ke dalam tiga komponen yang saling membentuk satu dengan yang lain, yakni: materialitas, praktik diskursif, dan keagenan. Materialitas gender dan seksualitas LGBT dipahami melalui makna semantik yang tertuang di dalam pertimbangan hukum para hakim di pengadilan. Sedangkan, praktik diskursif dan keagenan diperoleh dari dinamika iteratif atas intra-agensi, utamanya dalam proses peradilan. Pengungkapan ragam semantik dan praktik di dalam performativitas hukum akan mampu membuka ruang bagi praktik-praktik hak asasi manusia untuk membentuk aturan dan praktik hukum yang inklusif dan demokratis.
Akta Nikah Sebagai Bukti Otentik Perkawinan di Indonesia; Analisis Maqashid Syariah Terhadap Pencatatan Perkawinan
Authors: Iwan Iwan
Published: February 2023

Perkawinan merupakan hal yang mendasar dalam kehidupan manusia dan dianggap sebagai satu hal yang privat. Untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang utuh tentang perkawinan, maka dilakukan pembahasan pengertian umum perkawinan dilihat dari berbagai aspek. Begitu juga dengan aspek hukumnya terkait apakah perkawinan perlu dicatat atau tidak, dilakukan bahasan hukum pencatatan perkawinan dalam lintas sejarah di Indonesia.

Autentifikasi sebuah pernikahan yang telah dicatat adalah akta nikah yang masing-masing salinannya dipegang oleh suami dan istri yang sewaktu-waktu bisa dipergunakan untuk melindungi hak masing-masing pihak jika terjadi permasalahan dalam perkawinan menjadi bahasan berikutnya.

Pada bagian akhir paparan dalam makalah ini sebelum penutup, dilakukan analisis maqashid syariah terhadap pencatatan perkawinan. Analisis maqashid dilakukan untuk melihat kemaslahatan yang terdapat dengan dicatatkannya sebuah perkawinan.
PERCERAIAN YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH HAKAM DI MAHKAMAH RENDAH SYARIAH PETALING JAYA SELANGIR, MALAYSIA (ANALISIS BERDASARKAN PENDAPAT IMAM SYAFI'I)
Authors: Nadzirah Nur Fatin
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT : This thesis is titled “ Divorce was done by the Hakam in a Petaling Jaya Selangor Syariah Court, Malaysia” ( Analysis based on the opinion of the Imam Syafi‟i). The main problem in this study is, first is to knowing the execution by the Hakam. Second, factors that cause justice can divorce. Third, studied the Imam Syafi‟i view of the divorce in lower syariah court of Petaling Jaya Selangor. Researchers use empirical legal examining divorce-related arrangements that is conducted by hakam contained in section 48, Enactmen Islamic Family Law ( Selangor State) 2003. This research uses data collection techniques with library and field studies. The results showed that and several authorized employess. The results showed that the inauguration of hakam was made after the court agreed to the dispute ( shiqaq) that is always in effect in the period of marriage after the completion of peace affairs at the level of the Office of Peace ( Juru Damai) failed or did not find a way out. Therefore, hakam has the role of gaining authority in pronouncing divore rather than husband if the process of reconciliation fails and the husband is reluctant to recite the divorce. The factors which cause hakam to divorce are the first is, royal taqnin as stipulated by the statutory obligation for the people to obey it. Second, defending the fate of women hung without strings. Third, be a solution for the wife if the husband is reluctant to divorce even though it has caused harm. However, in the opinion of the Imam Syafi‟i here that does not require a wife to sue for divorce on the grounds of shiqaq. On the contrary, the judge who hears these demands should appoint hakam for the husband and hakam for the wife in order to reconcile the husband and wife. Hakam meant here is not authorised to drop divorce and is only authorised as a representative to reconcile husband and wife. Keyword : Divorce by Hakam, Petaling Jaya Selangor, Imam Syafi‟i
Application Of Weight Sum Model (WSM) In Determining Special Allocation Funds Recipients
Authors: Handoko Dikki , Mesran Mesran , Nasution Surya Darma , Yuhandri Yuhandri , Nurdiyanto Heri
Published: February 2023

In the management of education is not uncommon educational institutions sometimes receive sources of funds from outside, one of which comes from the Department of Education in the implementation of its duty to provide one allocation of funds called Special Allocation Fund (DAK). This assistance is from APBN revenues to areas devoted to schools to help fund special activities such as the addition or improvement of school facilities and infrastructure. The application of this special allocation grantee needs to use a Decision Support System (CMS) to allow decisions to be generated in favor of the DAK beneficiary. In the application of SPK required MCDM method, the Weight Sum Model (WSM), which is a simple method and able to generate ranking from the proposer alternatives in a special allocation fund.
Analysis Of Database Record Compression Using The Levenstein Algorithm
Authors: Syahputra Rian
Published: February 2023

Data stored in the database affects how much storage memory is used. The more data stored, the more memory will be used. To reduce memory usage it is necessary to reduce the data to be stored. The technique that can be used is data compression. Levenstein algorithm is a data compression technique that replaces the initial bits of the string, resulting in smaller compression. Levenstein algorithm is suitable for compressing data that has many repetitions.
How to Create and Randomize a Vegenere Cipher Key Based on the Key Procedure of RC4+ Algorithm
Authors: Zebua Taronisokhi , Ndruru Eferoni
Published: February 2023

The security of data not only depends on the complexity of the algorithm used, but one of the more important things to safeguard is key. The vegenere cipher algorithm is one of the common and easy to implement algorithms, but this algorithm is very easy to break with kasiki techniques by analyzing the word of cipher and keyword that have repetitive patterns. The RC4+ algorithm has the advantage of generating and generating fairly random keys. This research describes how to use the RC4+ key generation procedure to create and randomized the keys used in the vegenere cipher algorithm, to decrease recurrence of the same character of the cipher and character of the key
Spatial Autocorrelation in the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) Among Villages (Study Case: The City of Tomohon)
Authors: Rotinsulu Aldy , Sulistyo Wiwin
Published: February 2023

The Covid-19 Task Force has determined indicators of the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia which include: 1) Epidemiological Indicators; 2) Public Health Surveillance Indicators; 3) Health Service Indicators. This study focuses on Epidemiological Indicators that contains variables of travellers, confirmations suspected, positive confirmations, and confirmed close contacts. In determining the map of the spread of Covid-19, the average value was calculated in 4 variables. The focus of this study will be able to see how far spatially the spread of Covid-19 in a certain area has connectivity with other regions. The Getis-Ord method is a statistical approach that can be used to identify spatial correlations based on variables that have been determined in each region with others. Therefore, in this study, spatial autocorrelation analysis was carried out among villages in Tomohon City according to epidemiological indicators using the Getis-Ord method
Comparison of Apriori, Apriori-TID and FP-Growth Algorithms in Market Basket Analysis at Grocery Stores
Authors: Idris Andi Ilhamsyah , Sampetoding Eliyah A M , Ardhana Valian Yoga Pudya , Maritsa Irene , Sakri Adrisumatri , Ruslan Hidayatullah , Manapa Esther Sanda
Published: February 2023

Market Basket Analysis is an analysis of consumer behavior specifically from a certain group/group. Market Basket Analysis is generally used as a starting point for seeking knowledge from a data transaction when we do not know what specific pattern we are looking for. Market Basket Analysis in this study is applied to the search for patterns of purchasing groceries at grocery stores and then analyzed by season. This study aims to compare the Apriori, Apriori TID and FP-Growth methods in determining consumer transaction behavior and calculating the quantity of consumer transactions in several seasons based on data obtained from the Market Basket Analysis database. In the results of this study, it is known that FP-Growth has the best performance among the other two algorithms, but uses more memory than other algorithms. The Apriori-TID algorithm uses lighter and faster memory than the Apriori Algorithm
Development of Paediatric Medicines: Key Risk Factors and Non-clinical Research Programmes
Authors: Engalycheva G. N. , Syubaev R. D.
Published: February 2023

The lack of approved paediatric medicines is a global problem. Since paediatric patients are a high-risk group, a developer of paediatric medicines needs to evaluate and minimise unjustified risks early in the development process.

The aim of the study was to analyse the current regulatory and methodological framework for non-clinical research and identify key risk factors that need addressing in paediatric drug development in order to substantiate the safety of children. One of the main objectives of non-clinical safety assessment of a medicinal product intended for children is to identify undesirable effects on child growth and development. According to national and international methodological  guidelines, the developer may obtain the most valuable information to decide whether it is   safe to enrol children into a clinical trial from the safety data collected in clinical studies in adult subjects. If the safety data available from studies in mature animals and adult subjects are insufficient to evaluate the safety of the clinical trial for paediatric patients, the developer may consider conducting non-clinical studies in immature (juvenile) animals. A paediatric non-clinical testing programme should be in line with a comprehensive significance assessment of key risk factors carried out on a case-by-case basis using weight-of-evidence (WoE) analysis. The conclusion on the safety of a medicinal product for children should be based on risk assessment in relevant clinical and non-clinical studies.
Characteristics, types and functions of family concept
Authors:   Gümüşhane University, Turkey, Arslan Adem
Published: February 2023

The family, which has existed throughout human history, is a social institution. There are many definitions of the family, which is defined as the smallest cornerstone of societies consisting of a mother, father, and children. However, a universal definition of the family is quite difficult. As the smallest component of society, a family is a social unit with economic, psychological, biological, legal, and social aspects. This research aims to examine the concept of family, family types and family functions. The method of the study is a systematic literature review. Unlike other institutions, the roles and obligations that the family institution imposes on human beings continue from birth to death. Family types are classified in different ways. When analyzed in terms of family structure, values, and functioning in general, it is classified into two types "nuclear family" and "extended family". With today's social and economic changes and the increasing participation of women in working life, the family structure has also changed. Today's family structures have undergone significant changes as a result of urbanization, industrialization, and migration to big cities. Such a high number of divorce data shows that in modern times, the family is moving forward with different impulses and dynamics compared to the past. The duties and responsibilities of families have therefore changed in parallel with daily problems. While in the past the main purpose of marriage was to have children, today they expect more from marriage. As a result of the family's inability to fulfill its functions, the society in which it exists has also been affected and the social problems of the society have increased. In this study, within the scope of the literature, the concept of family, family characteristics, family types, and family functions were examined.
LVIV UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY RIVER BASIN STRUCTURE
Authors: Shandra Yuriy , Shushniak Volodymyr
Published: February 2023

The main hydrographic, hydromorphological and hydroecological features of the Lviv United Territorial Community (UTC) have been analyzed, in particular: a) the location of the city of Lviv on the Main European Watershed; b) transformation of surface water runoff as a result of the general sewage network and reclamation systems functioning, industrial peat extraction, residential and industrial construction. These features compose the delimitation of surface water bodies, which had been provided by the guidelines of the Water Framework Di-rective of the European Union (WFD). As a result of progressive urban expansion, the area of the territorial community of the city constantly increased from 0.5 km2 (end of the 14th century) to 31.66 km2 (end of the 19th century), 66.6 km2 (middle of the 20th century), 182 km2 (second half of the 20th century), 311.4 km2 in 2020. Correspondingly, the area ratio of the Baltic and Black Sea peripheral drainage areas changed.
The assessment of the surface water delimitation scheme body, proposed by the State Water Agency and highlighted on the geoportal “Water Resources of Ukraine”, was carried out. It has been established that the main shortcoming of this scheme is non-compliance with the principle of coherence of surface water bodies to catchment areas provided for by the EU WFD. By means of computer processing of the high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of Lviv (UTC), in an automated mode, a watershed network of surface water coherent bodies has been built. According to the assessment of the surface runoff transformation degree, the identified massifs are identified by categories: natural, significantly changed, artificial. The territory of the city of Lviv, which is covered by a general sewage network, is classified as an "artificial body of surface water". It is assigned to the Vistula basin area, despite the fact that 14.95 km2 of the massif is located in the topographic catchment of the Dniester. Watersheds that include reclamation systems are classified as "significantly changed bodies of surface water"
According to the assessment of the surface runoff transformation degree, the identified bodies have been identified by categories: natural, significantly changed, artificial. The main morphometric indicators of the watersheds of the proposed surface water bodies have been determined, in particular the following: a) "water catchment length"; b) "average width of the catchment"; c) "water catchment asymmetry coefficient; c) "coefficient of compactness of the catchment".
The correct definition of river basins structure is the first necessary step in implementing the provisions of the EU WFD into the practice of water resources management in Ukraine. Further actions provided in River Basin Management plans depend on this step
Key words: river basin; surface water; body of surface water; surface runoff; transformation of flow.
Socioeconomic Wellbeing Amid The COVID-19 Crisis : Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Hilmiyah Nurul , Munira Mira , Tri Rahayu Dewi , Hakimi Shafiai Muhammad , Emeliya Zein Zulfa
Published: February 2023

Massive and ongoing outbreaks of the corona virus have become a serious threat with a negative impact on the living standards and socio-economic well-being of the community. The objective of this study is to investigate the severe level of pandemic impact on both countries, Indonesia and Malaysia, and analyze the effectiveness of policy response, particularly on the economic stimulus to bring back socioeconomic well-being on the right track. This article employs content analysis as well as a comparative approach between two countries, Indonesia and Malaysia. Both mitigation plans from Indonesia and Malaysia have advantages and disadvantages to their economy and socioeconomic conditions. It is expected that this study contributes both theoretically and practically to the field of socioeconomic well-being in both countries.
Keywords: Covid-19, Socioeconomic Wellbeing, Mitigation Policy, Malaysia, Indonesia
Analisis Miskonsepsi Siswa pada Materi Bentuk Aljabar dengan Menggunakan Three Tier Test
Authors: Sukardi Ernawati , Gaffar Abdul , Mahmud Randy Saputra , Ramadanti Andi Vitrah
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini ialah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan maksud untuk menganalisis miskonsepsi yang dialami siswa pada materi bentuk aljabar serta penyebab miskonsepsi siswa.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 22 Barru. Subjek penelitian ini ada 6 siswa yaitu 2 siswa false positive, 2 siswa false negative dan 2 siswa Miskonsepsi. Instrumen penelitian ini yaitu soal tes pilihan ganda dalam bentuk three tier test dan wawancara. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kondensasi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan.  Dari hasil penelitian miskonsepsi yang terjadi ialah miskonsepsi false negative dan miskonsepsi false positive tidak bisa memahami konsep dasar operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan aljabar. Miskonsepsi dalam melakukan operasi perkalian dan pembagian aljabar salah satu siswa yang mengalami miskonsepsi false positive. Miskonsepsi dalam menyelesaikan pemfaktoran bilangan dan subtitusi bilangan aljabar satu siswa yang mengalami miskonsepsi false positive dan salah satunya mengalami miskonsepsi false negative.
Commentary on Teacher Pension Papers
Authors: Murnane Richard J.
Published: February 2023

This commentary explains how changing labor market conditions have made it more important for schools to attract and retain skilled teachers and yet more difficult to do so. This is important context for considering the contributions of the five papers on teacher pensions in this special issue. I describe and comment on the evidence that defined benefit (DB) pension plans have deleterious impacts on the ability of public schools to provide students with an excellent education. I describe the merits of alternative strategies for responding to the central problem with DB plans as currently funded. I conclude by explaining the importance of considering the design of teacher pension plans as part of a multipronged strategy to provide all students with a high-quality education.
Teacher Pension Reform Must Be About Cost and Design
Authors: Rotherham Andrew J.
Published: February 2023

This commentary discusses how the teacher pension debate is often predicated on the idea of generous benefits for teachers and whether those are deserved, when in practice most teachers are disadvantaged by a retirement system with long vesting periods and limited portability.
Research Progress of MicroRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Deng Zhi-Zhong , Chen Ya-Hui
Published: February 2023

Spinal cord injury is a serious and devastating condition. Recently, research into microRNAs (miRNAs) has become increasingly exhaustive and it has been determined that they are closely related to the pathophysiological processes of spinal cord injury. They participate in the regulation of the inflammatory response of spinal cord injury, the death of neuronal cells, and the repair of neural functions, which are related to the recovery of spinal cord injury. This review focuses on the relationship between miRNA and spinal cord injury, lists miRNA-324-5p, miRNA-221 and miRNA-124, which are helpful for the repair of spinal cord injury, and finally summarizes the current research progress of miRNA-based therapies, so as to provide a foundational reference for clinical and scientific researchers.
The Quest for Cognition in Purposive Action: From Cybernetics to Quantum Computing
Authors: Morasso Pietro
Published: February 2023

Norbert Wiener and Nikolai Bernstein set the stage for a worldwide multidisciplinary attempt to understand how purposive action is integrated with cognition in a circular, bidirectional manner, both in life sciences and engineering. Such a ‘workshop’ is still open and far away from a satisfactory level of understanding, despite the current hype surrounding Artificial Intelligence (AI). The problem is that Cognition is frequently confused with Intelligence, overlooking a crucial distinction: the type of cognition that is required of a cognitive agent to meet the challenge of adaptive behavior in a changing environment is Embodied Cognition, which is antithetical to the disembodied and dualistic nature of the current wave of AI. This essay is the perspective formulation of a cybernetic framework for the representation of actions that, following Bernstein, is focused on what has long been considered the fundamental issue underlying action and motor control, namely the degrees of freedom problem. In particular, the paper reviews a solution to this problem based on a model of ideomotor/muscle-less synergy formation, namely the Passive Motion Paradigm (PMP). Moreover, it is shown how this modeling approach can be reformulated in a distributed manner based on a self-organizing neural paradigm consisting of multiple topology-representing networks with attractor dynamics. The computational implication of such an approach is also briefly analyzed looking at possible alternatives of the von Neuman paradigm, namely neuromorphic and quantum computing, aiming in perspective at a hybrid computational framework for integrating digital information, analog information, and quantum information. It is also suggested that such a framework is crucial not only for the neurobiological modeling of motor cognition but also for the design of the cognitive architecture of autonomous robots of industry 4.0 that are supposed to interact and communicate naturally with human partners.
Noncoding RNAs and Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: Wu Changyong , Bao Suli , Li Ruijie , Sun Huang , Peng Yunzhu
Published: February 2023

Myocardial fibrosis is a common pathological feature of various terminal cardiovascular diseases. Progressive fibrosis is the pathological basis for the development and progression of many cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. There are no effective reversal drugs for myocardial fibrosis due to the lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms. Noncoding RNAs, a class of RNAs that do not function in coding proteins, have been found to be intimately involved in the life cycle of cardiomyocyte differentiation, transcription and apoptosis and are important regulators of cardiovascular disease. An increasing number of studies have shown that noncoding RNAs regulate the proliferation and transformation of cardiac fibroblasts through related signaling pathways and can be used as potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for cardiac fibrosis. This article reviews the relationship between noncoding RNAs and cardiac fibrosis.
WeightScale: Interpreting Weight Change in Neural Networks
Authors: Agrawal Ayush Manish , Tendle Atharva , Sikka Harshvardhan , Singh Sahib
Published: February 2023

Interpreting the learning dynamics of neural networks can provide useful insights into how networks learn and the development of better training and design approaches. We present an approach to interpret learning in neural networks by measuring relative weight change on a per layer basis and dynamically aggregating emerging trends through combination of dimensionality reduction and clustering which allows us to scale to very deep networks. We use this approach to investigate learning in the context of vision tasks across a variety of state-of-the-art networks and provide insights into the learning behavior of these networks, including how task complexity affects layer-wise learning in deeper layers of networks.
Kreativitas Digital UMKM: Strategi Pengembangan, Operasional, dan Pemasaran
Authors: Karsono Lorena Dara Putri , Lida Ulfah Mey
Published: February 2023

Era industri 4.0 memberikan efek pada perkembangan teknologi dalam berbagai bidang di Indonesia. Cara pandang mengenai bisnis telah berubah semenjak adanya digitalisasi. “Apakah bisnis UMKM perlu mengikuti kemajuan teknologi?”“Bagaimana cara bisnis UMKM yang sudah dibangun dapat semakin berkembang?”Pertanyaan seperti itu sering bermunculan pada benak pemilik UMKM yang mana belum paham akan pentingnya digitalisasi. Digitalisasi adalah perubahan dari sistem konvensional ke digital sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi proses bisnis dan operasional UMKM. Dengan begitu, mengandalkan digital memiliki peranan penting bagi berjalannya proses bisnis UMKM secara keseluruhan.
FLUIDA
Authors: Suryanto Andi , Bakhri Syamsul
Published: February 2023

Buku ini sangat bermanfaat bagi siapa saja yang ingin mengetahui lebih mendalam tentang Fluida, bahkan dapat menjadi pegangan dalam Merancang dan Membangun Instalasi Fluida pada Objek Pekerjaan di Pabrik, Laboratorium, Rumah, dan Obyek Pekerjaan lainnya.
Hubble tension versus the cosmic evolution of Hubble parameter in the unicentric model of the universe
Authors: Hujeirat A.A.
Published: February 2023

ecently, a unicentric model of the observable universe was proposed. Accordingly, big bangs are frequent events in our infinitely large, flat, homogeneous and isotropic parent universe. Their progenitors are clusters of cosmically dead and massive neutron stars that merged after reaching the ultimate lowest quantum energy state, where the matter is in an incompressible superconducting gluon-quark superfluid state and zero-entropy.The resulting progenitors are of measurable sizes and immune to collapsing into black holes. Our big bang's progenitor accidentallyhappened to take off in our neighbourhood. As the enclosed mass of the progenitor was finite, the dynamically expanding curved spacetimes embedded the fireball started flattening to finally diffuse into the flat spacetime of the parent universe. \\By means of GR-numerical hydrodynamical calculations, we use the $\mathcal{H}-metric$ to follow the time-evolution of thespacetime embedding the progenitor during the hadronization phase and thereafter. Based thereon, we find that the kinetic energyof newly created normal matter increases with distance in a self-similar manner, imitating thereby outflows of nearly non-interacting particles.\\ On cosmic time scales, this behaviour yields a Hubble parameter, $H(t)$, which decreases slowly with the distance from the big bang event. Given the sensitivity of the CMB-Planck data to the underlying cosmological model, we conclude that our unicentric model of the universe is a viablealternative to $\Lambda CMD-$cosmologies
Foundation of the unicentric model of the observable universe - UNIMOUN
Authors: Hujeirat A.A.
Published: February 2023

In view of the growing difficulties of $\Lambda$CDM-cosmologies to compete with recent highly accurate cosmological observations,I propose the alternative model: the \textbf{Uni}centric \textbf{M}odel of the \textbf{O}bservable \textbf{UN}iverse (UNIMOUN).The model relies on employing a new time-dependent $\mathcal{H}$-metric for the GR field equations, which enables reversible phase transitionsbetween normal compressible fluids and incompressible quantum superfluids, necessary for studying the cosmic evolution of the observable universe.\\The main properties of UNIMOUN read: 1) The observable universe was born in a flat spacetime environment, which is a tiny fraction of our infinitely large and flat parent universe, 2) Our big bang (BB) happened to occur in our neighbourhood, thereby endowing the universe the observed homogeneity and isotropy, 3) The energy density in the universe is upper-bounded by the universal critical density $\rho^{uni}_{cr},$ beyond which matter becomes purely incompressible, rendering formation of physical singulareties, and in partcular black holes, impossible, 4) Big bangs are neither singular events nor invoked by external forces, but rather, they are common self-sustaining events in our parent universe, 5) The progenitors of BBs are created through the merger of cosmically dead and inactive neutron stars and/or through "supermassive black holes" that are currently observed at the centres of most massive galaxies, 6) The progenitors are made up of purely incompressible entropy-free superconducting gluon-quark superfluids with $\rho=\rho^{uni}_{cr}$ (SuSu-matter), which endows these giant objects measurable sizes, 7) Spacetimes embedding SuSu-matter are conformally flat.\\ It is shown that UNIMOUN is capable of dealing with or providing answers to several fundamental open questions in astrophysics and cosmology without invoking inflation, dark matter or dark energy
Top 25% Institutions and Economists in Viet Nam, as of January 2023
Authors: RePEc IDEAS
Published: February 2023

Top 25% Institutions and Economists in Viet Nam, as of January 2023 Explanations Institutions Institutions 10/10 Authors Authors 10 MoreThe rankings: Top 25% institutions in Viet Nam, all authors, all publication years For Viet Nam, there are 205 authors affiliated with 58 institutions. All institutions in this region.Only authors registered with the RePEc Author Service are considered.Only works listed on RePEc and claimed as theirs by registered authors are counted.A series of rankings by different criteria are aggregated. The average rank score is determined by taking a harmonic mean of the ranks in each criterion. For a list of criteria, see the general ranking page.Authors with multiple affiliations have their score distributed across regions according to the affiliation shares they provided. The ranking is performed using the set of authors or institutions within the region, recomputing the scores within the set. The ranking done by simply looking up the worldwide ranking for those authors or institutions from this region is provided in the W.Rank column and put in [square brackets].
Investigation of Ukrainian refugees’ eating behavior, food intake, and psychological distress: study protocol and baseline data
Authors: Lytvynenko Olena , König Laura M
Published: February 2023

Since the start of the war in Ukraine almost 8 million people left the country; more than 1 million of them relocated to Germany. It is to be expected that the war puts considerable strain on the refugees, which will impact the public health system in host countries. This paper presents the baseline data and protocol of a longitudinal online experimental study of 619 Ukrainian refugees in Germany that started in autumn 2022, focusing on participants’ self-reports of appetite, food intake and their levels of stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms to examine their associations. Results indicate that the levels of stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms in refugees significantly exceed the indicators of relevant parameters as reported by independent large-scale surveys conducted in Ukraine before the war as well as strong correlations between these deviations (.59 ≤ r ≤ .69). Changes in appetite were related to more severe psycho-emotional deviations (.15 ≤ r ≤ .19) and somewhat unhealthier food consumption (r=-.08). The study underlines the need of short- and long-term psychological care for refugees to improve their mental health and counteract potential negative consequences for physical health via changes in food intake, for which suitable interventions need to be developed.