bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Administración electrónica y e-inclusión de las personas mayores
Authors: Viñarás-Abad Mónica , Viñarás-Abad Mónica , Abad-Alcalá Leopoldo , Llorente-Barroso Carmen , Sánchez-Valle María , Pretel-Jiménez Marilé
Published: February 2017

El uso de Internet por parte de las personas mayores para realizar gestiones con la Administración pública y las empresas no ha sido suficientemente estudiado. Los datos del censo publicados por el INE en julio de 2015 confirman el envejecimiento poblacional en España así como el escaso uso del grupo social de mayor edad de la Administración electrónica. El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en las razones del empleo limitado de la Administración electrónica y los trámites online por parte de los mayores internautas. Metodología: Se estudian las motivaciones y frenos en la utilización de tales trámites, según un riguroso análisis de la bibliografía científica publicada así como de las diversas encuestas realizadas sobre la cuestión por instituciones públicas y privadas. Resultados y Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran una aceptación del empleo de los recursos electrónicos para las tareas más rutinarias y sencillas debido a la rapidez y comodidad que proporcionan, al tiempo que fomentan la autonomía y el empoderamiento de las personas mayores. Si bien, se plantean una serie de aspectos que condicionan negativamente su utilización, sobre los que se debe incidir para favorecer una mayor inclusión digital de este grupo poblacional y que son abordados en la discusión de esta propuesta.
Genèse du mistral par interaction barocline et advection du tourbillon potentiel
Authors: Yohia Christophe
Published: February 2017

Cette étude introduit la notion de cyclonisme dynamique de Lee dans la genèse de la situation météorologique de Mistral. Ensuite, le processus d’interaction barocline renforçant les conditions de violence, de sécheresse et de fraîcheur de ce “maître des vents” de Provence est décrit. Enfin, le cas des régimes de vents de nord-ouest, ayant une dynamique atmosphérique bien différente de celle du Mistral bien qu’ils soient de même secteur, sera détaillé afin de discriminer les deux cas et de spécifier les critères permettant d’affiner la définition du Mistral. La nouvelle définition dite dynamique montre que le nombre de jours de Mistral serait en moyenne de 30 jours contre 80 jours par an.
Contribution à la connaissance de l’aléa pluvial au sénégal grâce à la valorisation des données pluviographiques historiques
Authors: Bodian Ansoumana , Dacosta Honoré , Diouf Réné Ndimag , Ndiaye El Hadj Ousmane , Mendy Anastasie
Published: February 2017

Cette note de recherche présente les résultats du programme de dépouillement des diagrammes pluviographiques des principales stations synoptiques du Sénégal qui a duré 6 ans (2001-2006). Ce programme a été entrepris par le laboratoire d’hydro-morphologie du Département de Géographie de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD) en collaboration avec l’Agence Nationale de l’Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie (ANACIM), ex Direction de la Météorologie du Sénégal. Il a permis de sauvegarder et de mettre sous forme numérique une base de données pluviographique opérationnelle à l’échelle du pays. Des courbes Intensité-Durée-Fréquence (IDF) ont ainsi été élaborées pour les stations qui disposent de données suffisantes. Ces courbes IDF peuvent désormais servir au dimensionnement des ouvrages hydrauliques et devront conduire à la définition des plans d’assainissement fiables.
Les conditions nivologiques et hydro-météorologiques propices au déclenchement des coulées de slush : L’exemple du Québec (Canada)
Authors: Hétu Bernard , Fortin Guillaume , Dubé Jérôme , Boucher Dominic , Buffin-Bélanger Thomas , Gagnon Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2017

Une coulée de slush (bouillie de neige fondante) est un écoulement rapide constitué d’un mélange de neige fondante, d’eau, de boue et de débris de toutes sortes. Les sept sites analysés démontrent que les coulées de slush peuvent survenir dans des contextes topographiques fort différents qui présentent toutefois des similitudes au niveau du mode d’enneigement et des conditions hydro-météorologiques. Les coulées de slush étudiées démarrent dans des ruisseaux d’ordre 1 ou 2, étroits et peu profonds, de pente très variable (de 1° à plus de 30°), qui sont comblés par des bouchons de neige dense soufflée par le vent ou transportée par les avalanches. Parce qu’ils s’opposent à la libre circulation des eaux de fusion lors des périodes de fonte accélérée, ces bouchons de neige favorisent la saturation du manteau neigeux jusqu’à la rupture sous l’effet combiné de la pression hydrostatique et de la gravité. Les onze coulées analysées, qui se sont produites entre 1936 et 2013, permettent de définir deux scénarios hydro-météorologiques propices à leur déclenchement : 1) des redoux de longue durée caractérisés par des températures qui restent positives pendant plusieurs jours consécutifs sans apport de précipitations liquides; 2) des redoux relativement courts (moins de 48 heures) couplés à des précipitations liquides abondantes. Largement méconnues au Québec, les coulées de slush pourraient être plus fréquentes à l’avenir en réponse au réchauffement climatique en cours.
Effects of tibial intraosseous and intravenous administration of Hextend on time of administration and hemodynamics in a hypovolemic swine model
Authors: Wilson, BSN James , Passmore, BSN Alex , Leger, BSN Sephra , Lannan, BSN Johnathon , Bentley, PhD Michael , Johnson, PhD Don
Published: February 2017

Objective: To determine if there were significant differences between the tibial intraosseous (TIO) and intravenous (IV) administration of Hextend relative to time and in hemodynamics in a hypovolemic model. Setting: Vivarium.Subjects: Yorkshire swine; sample size was based on a power of 80 percent, α of 0.05, and a large effect size of 0.6. Swine were randomly assigned to one of three groups: TIO (n = 7), IV (n = 7), and control (n = 7).Intervention: Swine were exsanguinated 30 percent of their blood volume. Hextend (500 mL) was administered either by the TIO or IV route; the control group received none.Main Outcome: Time of administration of Hextend; systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV) data were collected every 2 minutes and compared by group over 8 minutes.Results: An independent t test determined that there was no significant difference between groups relative to time of administration (p = 0.001). A repeated analysis of variance found that there were no significant differences in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, CO, and SV between the TIO and IV groups over 8 minutes (p > 0.05) but significant differences between both TIO and IV compared to the control group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: TIO is an effective and easily used method to administer Hextend for patients in hypovolemic shock. Based upon the findings of this study, the TIO route might be considered the first choice for rapid vascular access and the administration of Hextend.
Effects of tibial and humerus intraosseous and intravenous vasopressin in porcine cardiac arrest model
Authors: Adams, DNP, CRNA Timothy S. , Blouin, BS Dawn , Johnson, PhD Don
Published: February 2017

Objective: Compare maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), mean serum concentration of vasopressin, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), time to ROSC, and odds of survival relative to vasopressin administration by tibial intraosseous (TIO), humerus intraosseous (HIO), and intravenous (IV) routes in a hypovolemic cardiac arrest model.Design: Prospective, between subjects, randomized experimental design.Setting: TriService Research Facility.Subjects: Yorkshire-cross swine (n = 40).Intervention: Swine were anesthetized, exsanguinated to a Class III hemorrhage, and placed into cardiac arrest. After 2 minutes, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated. After an additional 2 minutes, a dose of 40 units of vasopressin was administered by TIO, HIO, or the IV routes. Blood samples were collected over 4 minutes and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Main Outcome Measurements: ROSC, time to ROSC, Cmax, Tmax, mean concentrations over time, and odds ratio.Results: There was no significant difference in rate of ROSC or time to ROSC between the TIO, HIO, and IV groups (p > 0.05). The Cmax was significantly higher in the IV group compared to the TIO group (p = 0.015), but no significant difference between the TIO versus HIO or HIO versus IV groups (p > 0.05). The Tmax was significantly shorter for the HIO compared to the TIO group (p = 0.034), but no significant differences between the IV group compared to the TIO or HIO groups (p > 0.05). The odds of survival were higher in the HIO group compared to all other groups.Conclusion: The TIO and HIO provide rapid and reliable access to administer life-saving medications during cardiac arrest.
Observations of aerosol optical properties at a coastal site in Hong Kong, South China
Authors: Wang Jiaping , Virkkula Aki , Gao Yuan , Lee Shuncheng , Shen Yicheng , Chi Xuguang , Nie Wei , Liu Qiang , Xu Zheng , Huang Xin , Wang Tao , Cui Long , Ding Aijun
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Temporal variations in aerosol optical properties were investigated at a coastal station in Hong Kong based on the field observation from February 2012 to February 2015. At 550 nm, the average light-scattering (151 ± 100 Mm−1) and absorption coefficients (8.3 ± 6.1 Mm−1) were lower than most of other rural sites in eastern China, while the single-scattering albedo (SSA  =  0.93 ± 0.05) was relatively higher compared with other rural sites in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. Correlation analysis confirmed that the darkest aerosols were smaller in particle size and showed strong scattering wavelength dependencies, indicating possible sources from fresh emissions close to the measurement site. Particles with Dp of 200–800 nm were less in number, yet contributed the most to the light-scattering coefficients among submicron particles. In summer, both ΔBC / ΔCO and SO2 / BC peaked, indicating the impact of nearby combustion sources on this site. Multi-year backward Lagrangian particle dispersion modeling (LPDM) and potential source contribution (PSC) analysis revealed that these particles were mainly from the air masses that moved southward over Shenzhen and urban Hong Kong and the polluted marine air containing ship exhausts. These fresh emission sources led to low SSA during summer months. For winter and autumn months, contrarily, ΔBC / ΔCO and SO2 / BC were relatively low, showing that the site was more under influence of well-mixed air masses from long-range transport including from South China, East China coastal regions, and aged aerosol transported over the Pacific Ocean and Taiwan, causing stronger abilities of light extinction and larger variability of aerosol optical properties. Our results showed that ship emissions in the vicinity of Hong Kong could have visible impact on the light-scattering and absorption abilities as well as SSA at Hok Tsui.
Soluble iron nutrients in Saharan dust over the central Amazon rainforest
Authors: Rizzolo Joana A. , Barbosa Cybelli G. G. , Borillo Guilherme C. , Godoi Ana F. L. , Souza Rodrigo A. F. , Andreoli Rita V. , Manzi Antônio O. , Sá Marta O. , Alves Eliane G. , Pöhlker Christopher , Angelis Isabella H. , Ditas Florian , Saturno Jorge , Moran-Zuloaga Daniel , Rizzo Luciana V. , Rosário Nilton E. , Pauliquevis Theotonio , Santos Rosa M. N. , Yamamoto Carlos I. , Andreae Meinrat O. , Artaxo Paulo , Taylor Philip E. , Godoi Ricardo H. M.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The intercontinental transport of aerosols from the Sahara desert plays a significant role in nutrient cycles in the Amazon rainforest, since it carries many types of minerals to these otherwise low-fertility lands. Iron is one of the micronutrients essential for plant growth, and its long-range transport might be an important source for the iron-limited Amazon rainforest. This study assesses the bioavailability of iron Fe(II) and Fe(III) in the particulate matter over the Amazon forest, which was transported from the Sahara desert (for the sake of our discussion, this term also includes the Sahel region). The sampling campaign was carried out above and below the forest canopy at the ATTO site (Amazon Tall Tower Observatory), a near-pristine area in the central Amazon Basin, from March to April 2015. Measurements reached peak concentrations for soluble Fe(III) (48 ng m−3), Fe(II) (16 ng m−3), Na (470 ng m−3), Ca (194 ng m−3), K (65 ng m−3), and Mg (89 ng m−3) during a time period of dust transport from the Sahara, as confirmed by ground-based and satellite remote sensing data and air mass backward trajectories. Dust sampled above the Amazon canopy included primary biological aerosols and other coarse particles up to 12 µm in diameter. Atmospheric transport of weathered Saharan dust, followed by surface deposition, resulted in substantial iron bioavailability across the rainforest canopy. The seasonal deposition of dust, rich in soluble iron, and other minerals is likely to assist both bacteria and fungi within the topsoil and on canopy surfaces, and especially benefit highly bioabsorbent species. In this scenario, Saharan dust can provide essential macronutrients and micronutrients to plant roots, and also directly to plant leaves. The influence of this input on the ecology of the forest canopy and topsoil is discussed, and we argue that this influence would likely be different from that of nutrients from the weathered Amazon bedrock, which otherwise provides the main source of soluble mineral nutrients.
The genesis of Hurricane Nate and its interaction with a nearby
environment of very dry air
Authors: Rutherford Blake , Dunkerton Timothy , Montgomery Michael , Braun Scott
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The interaction of a tropical disturbance with its environment is thought to play an important role in whether a disturbance will develop of not. Most developing disturbances are somewhat protected from the intrusion of environmental dry air at mid-levels. For African easterly wave (AEW) disturbances, the protective boundary is approximated by closed streamlines in the wave-relative frame, and their interior is called the wave-pouch. The dynamic and thermodynamic processes of spin-up occur inside the pouch. In this study we define the kinematic boundaries for a non-AEW disturbance in the Bay of Campeche that originated along a sharp frontal boundary in a confluent region of low pressure. We examine these boundaries during the genesis of Hurricane Nate (2011) to show how a layer-wise pouch boundary in the Lagrangian frame may allow for some transport into the pouch along the frontal boundary while still protecting the innermost development region. This result illustrates a generic property of weakly unsteady flows, including the time-dependent critical-layer of AEWs, that lateral exchange of air occurs along a segment of the boundary formed by the instantaneous, closed translating streamlines. Transport in the Lagrangian frame is simplest when measured with respect to the stable and unstable manifolds of a hyperbolic trajectory, which are topologically invariant. In this framework, an exact analysis of vorticity transport identifies two sources; i) the advection of vorticity through the entrainment and expulsion of bounded material regions called lobes, and ii) the baroclinic contribution of vorticity transport through the tilting mechanism across the Lagrangian boundary. We also show how these Lagrangian boundaries impact the concentration of moisture, influence convection, and contribute to the pouch vertical structure.
Ground-based remote sensing of O3 by high and medium resolution FTIR spectrometers over the Mexico City basin
Authors: Plaza-Medina Eddy F. , Stremme Wolfgang , Bezanilla Alejandro , Grutter Michel , Schneider Matthias , Hase Frank , Blumenstock Thomas
Published: February 2017

Abstract. We present atmospheric ozone (O3) profiles measured over central Mexico between November 2012 and February 2014 by two different ground-based FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) solar absorption experiments. The first instrument offers very high resolution spectra and contributes to NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change). It is located at a mountain observatory about 1700 m above the Mexico City basin. The second instrument has a medium spectral resolution and is located inside of Mexico City at a horizontal distance of about 60 km to the mountain observatory. It is documented that the retrieval with the high and medium resolution experiments give O3 variations for three and four independent atmospheric altitude ranges, respectively, whereby the theoretically estimated errors of these profile data are mostly within 10 %. The good quality of the data is empirically demonstrated: above the tropopause by intercomparing the two FTIR O3 data and for the boundary layer by comparing the Mexico City FTIR O3 data with in-situ O3 surface data. Furthermore, we develop a combined boundary layer O3 remote sensing product that uses the retrieval results of both FTIR experiments and demonstrate theoretically and empirically the improvements achieved by such combination.
The generation of Ganymede's diffuse aurora through pitch angle scattering
Authors: Tripathi Arvind K. , Singhal Rajendra P. , Singh II Onkar N.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Diffuse auroral intensities of neutral atomic oxygen OI λ1356 Å emission on Ganymede due to whistler mode waves are estimated. Pitch angle diffusion of magnetospheric electrons into the loss cone due to resonant wave–particle interaction of whistler mode waves is considered, and the resulting electron precipitation flux is calculated. The analytical yield spectrum approach is used for determining the energy deposition of electrons precipitating into the atmosphere of Ganymede. It is found that the intensities (4–30 R) calculated from the precipitation of magnetospheric electrons observed near Ganymede are inadequate to account for the observational intensities (≤ 100 R). This is in agreement with the conclusions reached in previous works. Some acceleration mechanism is required to energize the magnetospheric electrons. In the present work we consider the heating and acceleration of magnetospheric electrons by electrostatic waves. Two particle distribution functions (Maxwellian and kappa distribution) are used to simulate heating and acceleration of electrons. Precipitation of a Maxwellian distribution of electrons can produce about 70 R intensities of OI λ1356 Å emission for electron temperature of 150 eV. A kappa distribution can also yield a diffuse auroral intensity of similar magnitude for a characteristic energy of about 100 eV. The maximum contribution to the estimated intensity results from the dissociative excitation of O2. Contributions from the direct excitation of atomic oxygen and cascading in atomic oxygen are estimated to be only about 1 and 2 % of the total calculated intensity, respectively. The findings of this work are relevant for the present JUNO and future JUICE missions to Jupiter. These missions will provide new data on electron densities, electron temperature and whistler mode wave amplitudes in the magnetosphere of Jupiter near Ganymede.
All-in-one model for designing optimal water distribution pipe networks
Authors: Aklog Dagnachew , Hosoi Yoshihiko
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This paper discusses development of an easy-to-use, all-in-one model for designing optimal water distribution networks. The model combines different optimization techniques into a single package in which a user can easily choose what optimizer to use and can compare results of different optimizers to gain confidence on the performances of the models. At present, three optimization techniques are included in the model: linear programming (LP), genetic algorithm (GA), and a heuristic one by one reduction method (OBORM) which was previously developed by the authors. The optimizers were tested on a number of benchmark problems and performed very well in terms of finding optimal or near-optimal solutions with a reasonable computation effort. The results indicate that the model effectively addresses the issues of complexity and limited performance trust associated with previous models and thus can be used for practical purposes.
Accelerating the Global Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System
(GNAQPMS) model on Intel Xeon Phi processors
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Huansheng , Wu Qizhong , Lin Junming , Chen Xueshun , Xie Xinwei , Wang Rongrong , Tang Xiao , Wang Zifa
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The GNAQPMS model is the global version of the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modelling System (NAQPMS), which is a multi-scale chemical transport model used for air quality forecast and atmospheric environmental research. In this study, we present our work of porting and optimizing the GNAQPMS model on the second generation Intel Xeon Phi processor codename “Knights Landing” (KNL). Compared with the first generation Xeon Phi coprocessor, KNL introduced many new hardware features such as a bootable processor, high performance in-package memory and ISA compatibility with Intel Xeon processor. In particular, we described the five optimizations we applied to the key modules of GNAQPMS – CBM-Z gas chemistry, advection, convection and wet deposition. These optimizations work well on both the KNL 7250 processor as well as the Intel Xeon processor E5-2697 V4. They include: 1) updating the pure MPI parallel mode to hybrid parallel mode with MPI and OpenMP in emission, advection, convection and chemistry modules; 2) fully employ the 512-bit wide vector processing units (VPU) on the KNL platform; 3) reducing unnecessary memory access to improve caches efficiency; 4) reducing thread local storage (TLS) in CBM-Z gas phase chemistry module to improve its OpenMP performance; 5) changing global communication from interface-files writing/reading to using Message Passing Interface (MPI) functions to improve the performance and the parallel scalability. These optimizations improved GNAQPMS performance great. The same optimizations also work well for the Intel Xeon Broadwell processor, specifically, E5-2697v4. Compared with the baseline version of GNAQPMS, the optimized version is 3.34x faster on KNL and 2.39x faster on CPU. Furthermore, the optimized version on KNL runs at 26 % lower average power compare to CPU. Combining the performance and energy improvement, the KNL platform is 47% more efficient compare to the CPU platform. The optimizations also enables much further parallel scalability on both the CPU cluster and KNL cluster – scale to 40 CPU nodes and 30 KNL nodes, with a parallel efficiency of 70.4 % and 42.2 %, respectively.
Impact of model structure on flow simulation and hydrological
realism: from lumped to semi-distributed approach
Authors: Garavaglia Federico , Le Lay Matthieu , Gottardi Fréderic , Garçon Rémy , Gailhard Joël , Paquet Emmanuel , Mathevet Thibault
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Model intercomparison experiments are widely used to investigate and improve hydrological model performances. However, a study based only on runoff simulation is not sufficient to discriminate different model structures. Hence, there is a need to improve hydrological models for specific signatures of streamflow (e.g. low and high flow) and multivariable predictions (e.g. soil moisture, snow and groundwater). This study assesses the impact of model structure on flow simulation and hydrological realism using three versions of an hydrological model called MORDOR: the historical lumped structure and a revisited formulation inflected for lumped and semi-distributed structures. In particular, the main goal of this paper is to investigate the relative impact of model equations and spatial discretization on flow simulation, snowpack representation and evapotranspiration estimate. The models comparison is based on an extensive dataset composed of 50 catchments located in French mountainous regions. The evaluation framework is founded on a multi-criteria split sample strategy. All models were calibrated using an automatic optimization method based on an efficient genetic algorithm. The evaluation framework is enriched by the assessment of snow and evapotranspiration modeling against in-situ and satellite data. The results showed that the new model formulations perform significantly better than the initial one in terms of the various streamflow signatures, snow and evapotranspiration predictions. The semi-distributed approach provides better calibration-validation performances for snow cover area, snow water equivalent and runoff simulation especially for nival catchments.
Systematic shifts in Budyko relationships caused by groundwater storage changes
Authors: Condon Laura E. , Maxwell Reed M.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Traditional Budyko analysis is predicated on the assumption that the watershed of interest is in dynamic equilibrium over the period of study, and thus surface water partitioning will not be influenced by changes in storage. However, previous work has demonstrated that groundwater–surface water interactions will shift Budyko relationships. While modified Budyko approaches have been proposed to account for storage changes, given the limited ability to quantify groundwater fluxes and storage across spatial scales, additional research is needed to understand the implications of these approximations. This study evaluates the impact of storage changes on Budyko relationships given three common approaches to estimating evapotranspiration fractions: (1) determining evapotranspiration from observations, (2) calculating evapotranspiration from precipitation and surface water outflow, and (3) adjusting precipitation to account for storage changes. We show conceptually that groundwater storage changes will shift the Budyko relationship differently depending on the way evapotranspiration is estimated. A 1-year transient simulation is used to mimic all three approaches within a numerical framework in which groundwater–surface water exchanges are prevalent and can be fully quantified. The model domain spans the majority of the continental US and encompasses 25 000 nested watersheds ranging in size from 100 km2 to over 3 000 000 km2. Model results illustrate that storage changes can generate different spatial patterns in Budyko relationships depending on the approach used. This shows the potential for systematic bias when comparing studies that use different approaches to estimating evapotranspiration. Comparisons between watersheds are also relevant for studies that seek to characterize variability in the Budyko space using other watershed characteristics. Our results demonstrate that within large complex domains the correlation between storage changes and other relevant watershed properties, such as aridity, makes it difficult to easily isolate storage changes as an independent predictor of behavior. However, we suggest that, using the conceptual models presented here, comparative studies could still easily evaluate a range of spatially heterogeneous storage changes by perturbing individual points to better incorporate uncertain storage changes into analysis.
Brief Communication: A low cost Arduino®-based wire extensometer for earth flow monitoring
Authors: Guerriero Luigi , Guerriero Giovanni , Grelle Gerardo , Guadagno Francesco M. , Revellino Paola
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Continuous monitoring of earth flow displacement is essential for the understanding of the dynamic of the process, its ongoing evolution and to design mitigation measures. Despite its importance, it is not always applicable due to its expensiveness, and the need of integration with additional sensors for monitoring factors controlling movement. To overcome these problems, we developed and tested a low-cost Arduino-based wire-rail extensometer integrating a datalogger, a power system and multiple digital and analog inputs. The system is equipped with a high precision position transducer that in the test configuration offers a measuring range of 1023 mm and an associate accuracy of ±1 mm and integrates an operating temperature sensor that should allow to identify and correct potential thermal drift that typically affects this kind of systems. Field test, conducted at the Pietrafitta earth flow where additional monitoring systems had been installed, indicates a high reliability of the measurement and a high monitoring stability without visible thermal drift.
Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations based on the particle swarm optimization and their applications to the predictability problems
Authors: Zheng Qin , Yang Zubin , Sha Jianxin , Yan Jun
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In predictability problem research, the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) describes the initial perturbation that satisfies a certain constraint condition and causes the largest prediction error at the prediction time. The CNOP has been successfully applied in estimation of the lower bound of maximum predictable time (LBMPT). Generally, CNOPs are calculated by a gradient descent algorithm based on the adjoint model, which is called ADJ-CNOP. This study, through the two-dimensional Ikeda model, investigates the impacts of the nonlinearity on ADJ-CNOP and the corresponding precision problems when using ADJ-CNOP to estimate the LBMPT. Our conclusions are that (1) when the initial perturbation is large or the prediction time is long, the strong nonlinearity of the dynamical model in the prediction variable will lead to failure of the ADJ-CNOP method, and (2) when the objective function has multiple extreme values, ADJ-CNOP has a large probability of producing local CNOPs, hence making a false estimation of the LBMPT. Furthermore, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, one kind of intelligent algorithm, is introduced to solve this problem. The method using PSO to compute CNOP is called PSO-CNOP. The results of numerical experiments show that even with a large initial perturbation and long prediction time, or when the objective function has multiple extreme values, PSO-CNOP can always obtain the global CNOP. Since the PSO algorithm is a heuristic search algorithm based on the population, it can overcome the impact of nonlinearity and the disturbance from multiple extremes of the objective function. In addition, to check the estimation accuracy of the LBMPT presented by PSO-CNOP and ADJ-CNOP, we partition the constraint domain of initial perturbations into sufficiently fine grid meshes and take the LBMPT obtained by the filtering method as a benchmark. The result shows that the estimation presented by PSO-CNOP is closer to the true value than the one by ADJ-CNOP with the forecast time increasing.
EVOLUÇÃO DOS MÉTODOS QUANTITATIVOS EMPREGADOS PARA PLANTAS MEDICINAIS AO LONGO DAS EDIÇÕES DA FARMACOPEIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Nemitz Marina Cardoso , Mallmann Litieri , Steppe Martin
Published: February 2017

O controle de qualidade de matérias-primas é de extrema importância para a produção de fitoterápicos seguros e com qualidade garantida. O uso de métodos analíticos quantitativos com alta sensibilidade, precisão e robustez vem a ser, com isso, determinante durante as análises de controle de qualidade dos materiais vegetais. Neste contexto, este artigo apresenta um levantamento sobre as técnicas analíticas para quantificação de marcadores químicos de plantas medicinais presentes nas cinco edições da Farmacopeia Brasileira (FB), a fim de contemplar a hipótese de avanço tecnológico nos métodos utilizados no decorrer das edições. Com base nos dados observados, destacam-se o desuso de métodos gravimétricos e a diminuição dos titulométricos, técnicas analíticas consideradas menos precisas, bem como o aumento do emprego de técnicas mais robustas, precisas, sensíveis e exatas, tais como cromatografia e espectrofotometria, determinando o avanço analítico das monografias de plantas medicinais da FB.
CONSUMO ALIMENTAR, PESO CORPORAL E PERFIL BIOQUÍMICO DE RATOS TRATADOS COM DIFERENTES TIPOS DE ADOÇANTES
Authors: Melo Sandra Soares , Cechinel Camile Cecconi , Gern Bruno Hoeltgebaum , Kunz Francesca Paula , Wilke Gabriela Dors , Jurcevic Jocilene Demétrio
Published: February 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do uso de diferentes tipos de adoçantes sobre o peso corporal, consumo alimentar e perfil bioquímico de ratos. Material e Métodos: Foram estudados 42 ratos Wistar, distribuídos em Grupos: – Controle (C); Estévia (ES);

Sucralose (SU); Aspartame (AS); Ciclamato/Sacarina (CS); Extrato de Agave (EA). Durante 28 dias foram registrados: consumo alimentar, hídrico, peso corporal, excreção urinária e fecal. O sangue foi utilizado para determinar o perfil bioquímico. Resultados: O

Grupo CS apresentou menor média de consumo alimentar em relação ao ES. Os Grupos CS e EA apresentaram menores concentrações de triglicerídeos quando comparados a C e ES. Todos os Grupos, exceto ES apresentaram menores concentrações de colesterol total comparados ao Grupo C. Todos apresentaram concentrações de HDL–colesterol menores em relação ao C. Os Grupos AS, CS e EA exibiram menores concentrações de

creatinina comparado ao C e SU. Conclusão: ES proporcionou maior consumo alimentar e concentrações de creatinina, e concentrações reduzidas de HDL-c, entretanto, apresentou menor sobrecarga hepática em relação ao adoçante extrato de agave.
AVALIAÇÃO DE PRESCRIÇÕES FARMACOTERAPÊUTICAS EM UM CENTRO DE ATENDIMENTO PSICOSSOCIAL (CAPS) DE UM MUNICÍPIO SITUADO NO SUDESTE GOIANO.
Authors: Borges Júnior Orenito Simão , Gonçalves da Silva Bruna Carolina , Silva Guimarães Fernandes Luiza Carla , Lucchese Roselma , De Felipe Rodrigo Lopes , Vera Ivânia
Published: February 2017

O aumento de prescrições medicamentosas nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS), adjunto ao seu alto potencial de interações, exigem a intervenção farmacêutica como um serviço conciliador da terapêutica, por ser capaz de identificar e prevenir potenciais problemas relacionados aos medicamentos, que comprometem o quadro clínico deste público e seu uso racional. Assim este estudo objetivou traçar o perfil farmacoterapêutico das prescrições medicamentosas pertencentes a usuários do sistema semi-intensivo de um CAPS, situado no sudeste goiano, através de uma análise observacional descritiva e transversal. Deste modo, foram analisados 228 prontuários, evidenciando prevalência de mulheres e baixo nível de escolaridade. Os prontuários abordaram a prescrição de 669 medicamentos, com prevalência da indicação de antipsicóticos. Houve grandes diferenças quanto aos esquemas terapêuticos individuais, com indicação de politerapia em 72,81% dos casos. Foram evidenciadas 150 (82,88%) prescrições que apresentaram de 1 (4%) a 11 (1,33%) interações. O risco de intoxicação cardíaca e consequente prolongamento do intervalo QT, foi o potencial problema prevalente, estando presente em 156 (42,16%) das interações. Os dados deflagrados apresentam algumas fragilidades da condução farmacoterapêutica neste serviço, demonstrando a necessidade da participação mais atenciosa e efetiva do farmacêutico no acompanhamento dos pacientes.
MEDICAMENTOS SOB CONTROLE ESPECIAL: UMA ANÁLISE DOS ERROS DE MEDICAÇÃO E INDICADORES DE PRESCRIÇÃO
Authors: Rocha da Mota Ionara Vieira , Sousa Nascimento Luane Elise , Cardoso Raiana Alves , Lemos Lucas Brasileiro , Lemos Gisele Da Silveira
Published: February 2017

A prescrição é um documento que deve permitir a comunicação entre prescritor, dispensador e usuário, tendo como objetivo o uso correto e racional de medicamentos. Com o objetivo de avaliar a completude e indicadores de prescrição de notificações de receita B e receitas de controle especial arquivadas em uma unidade básica de saúde em Jequié-BA, realizou-se um estudo transversal, com base em análise documental de notificações de receita B e receitas de controle especial de medicamentos constantes da Portaria 344/98, ao qual foi realizado entre os meses de dezembro de 2013 a maio de 2014 com análise da totalidade da amostra diária, realizada em dias aleatórios durante a semana, no total foram analisadas 200 notificações de receita B e 202 receitas de controle especial. Os resultados demonstraram incompletude em alguns requisitos de preenchimento obrigatórios para a dispensação de medicamentos, o item que apresentou maior ausência de informação foi o endereço do paciente, assim como um percentual significativo de nomes comercias dos medicamentos. Dessa forma constata-se ainda que há uma necessidade urgente dos profissionais médicos em aderirem e seguirem as legislações vigentes quanto à prescrição de medicamentos no sistema único de saúde.
EFEITOS DA ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DO EXTRATO BRUTO ETANÓLICO DA Piper solmsianum E Equisetum arvense
Authors: BOHATCH JÚNIOR MILTON SÉRGIO , Esmerino Luiz Antônio , Da Silva Rosi Zanoni , Volpato Ana Márcia
Published: February 2017

Com a finalidade de colaborar para a geração de fitoterápicos, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um screening da atividade antimicrobiana in vitro dos extratos das plantas Piper solmsianum e Equisetum arvensis. Os rendimentos dos extratos brutos etanólicos foram de 18,6% para folhas de P. solmsianum e de 6,7 % para as partes aéreas de E. arvensis. A atividade antimicrobiana foi testada frente ao Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, utilizando o método de difusão em ágar cilindro em placas. Os extratos foram testados nas concentrações de 2000µg (1:1), 1000 µg (1:2), 500 µg (1:4), 250 µg (1:8) e 125 µg (1:16) dissolvidos em DMSO. O extrato de E. arvensis apresentou atividade antimicrobiana até a concentração de 125 µg (1:16) para ambas as cepas testadas, com halo médio de inibição de 11,5 mm para S. aureus e 11mm para E. coli. O extrato bruto etanólico de P. solmsianum também apresentou atividade antimicrobiana até a concentração de 125 µg (1:16) para ambas as cepas, com halo médio de inibição de 15 mm para S. aureus e 11mm para E. coli. A atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos testados foi considerada moderada tanto para microrganismos Gram positivo como Gram negativo.
LEVANTAMENTO BIBLIOGRÁFICO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS COMERCIALIZADAS EM FEIRAS DA BAHIA E SUAS INTERAÇÕES MEDICAMENTOSAS
Authors: Paixão Juliana Azevedo da , Conceição Rodrigo Souza , SANTANA NETO ALBERTINO FREITAS , Araujo Neto José Fernando , DOS SANTOS UILIANE SOARES
Published: February 2017

O Brasil é um país rico em biodiversidade, sua cultura é herdada de diversos povos, dentre eles: indígenas e africanos, onde existe o costume da utilização de plantas medicinais. Muito dessa cultura se perdeu com o tempo, no entanto em populações mais abastadas, esse costume ainda persiste. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o levantamento bibliográfico de plantas medicinais comercializadas em feiras livres no Estado da Bahia, a fim de verificar as principais interações medicamentosas com medicamentos da Atenção Básica de Saúde. Foram realizadas pesquisas utilizando as base de dados PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, SciFinder, usando como palavras chave: herbal and plants, pharmacokinetic, pharmacology, interactions, adverse effects, adverse reaction, safety e toxicity, entre outras. Diversas plantas foram encontradas na literatura, dessas, 44 são utilizadas com maior intensidade pela população. Das 44 plantas, 6 são usadas como coadjuvantes para o tratamento de Doenças Crônicas e todas as 6 apresentaram interações medicamentosas o que torna o seu uso preocupante.
AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA DE EXTRAÇÃO DOS POLIFENÓIS DE AMOSTRAS DE CHÁ ATRAVÉS DE MÉTODOS DOMÉSTICOS
Authors: Moura Leão Maria Fernanda , Souza de Oliveira Luís Flávio , Machado Michel Mansur
Published: February 2017

Os polifenóis são metabólitos secundários de origem vegetal, os quais possuem reconhecida atividade antioxidante, que está centrada na neutralização de radicais livres. Estes compostos estão comumente presentes na alimentação de humanos, como o chá, que é uma das bebidas mais antigas e mais consumidas ao redor do mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar, sob condições caseiras, a melhor forma de se extrair a maior quantidade de polifenóis, a partir dos chás branco e verde. As amostras para os testes foram obtidas a partir de três marcas comerciais de chás. Para o desenvolvimento dos testes, as amostras foram separadas em oito grupos, sendo cada grupo constituído de seis amostras em diferentes condições de preparo. Os resultados mostraram que em condições caseiras, a melhor forma de extração de polifenóis é a água quente, a uma temperatura de pré-fervura (80°C) durante um tempo prolongado.
ESTUDO ANATÔMICO DE Trembleya phlogiformis DC.
Authors: Fernandes Sarah Rodrigues , Ferreira Heleno Dias , Chaul Luiza Toubas , Dos Santos Pierre Alexandre , Alves Virgínia Farias , Faustino Tresvenzol Leonice Manrique , Borges Leonardo Luiz , Paula José Realino De , Fiuza Tatiana Souza
Published: February 2017

Trembleya phlogiformis é uma espécie do Cerrado, utilizada nas comunidades mineiras como corante natural para tingir lã e algodão empregado em teares manuais. Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo morfológico e o estudo anatômico das folhas e caule jovem desta planta. O material botânico foi coletado na Serra dos Pireneus, Pirenopólis/Goiás. A caracterização macroscópica foi realizada à vista desarmada e com auxílio de microscópio estereoscópio. Para o estudo anatômico os cortes foram realizados à mão livre e submetidos à coloração com azul de Alcian/safranina 9:1 e testes histoquímicos com cloreto férrico, reagente de Steinmetz e lugol. Trembleya phlogiformis é um arbusto com folhas com coloração verde escuro, com superfície serosa, simples e opostas cruzadas; flores dispostas em dicásio com pétalas livres com coloração variando do branco ao rosa. A folha é hipoestomática com estômatos anomocíticos, epiderme revestida por cutícula delgada e tricomas glandulares multisseriados e glandulares capitados. Esses resultados se constituem na primeira descrição anatômica de T. phlogiformis e contribuem para a identificação desta espécie.
AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DA INFLUÊNCIA DA FUMAÇA DE CIGARRO EM LEUCÓCITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Souza Oliveira Luís Flávio , Von Brock de Freitas José Paulo , Souza Raul Oliveira , Machado Michel Mansur
Published: February 2017

O tabagismo é considerado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) a principal causa de morte evitável no mundo. Estima-se que um terço da população mundial adulta, um bilhão e duzentos milhões de pessoas, seja fumante. Diante desses dados, torna-se importante avaliar os danos causados pela exposição a este agente, o que inclui diferentes tipos celulares. Este estudo buscou avaliar in vitro o efeito citotóxico e os níveis de peroxidação lipídica em leucócitos humanos expostos à fumaça de cigarros simulando ambiente fechado destinado a fumantes, utilizando os testes de viabilidade celular e TBARS. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que todas as marcas testadas causaram diminuição significativa da viabilidade leucocitária e aumento da concentração de malondialdeído, quando comparados ao controle negativo. Entretanto, esta redução da viabilidade celular não pode ser atribuía exclusivamente aos níveis de peroxidação lipídica, mas, possivelmente, ao conjunto de compostos presentes na fumaça dos cigarros, alguns destes expressos no rótulo.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS EFEITOS DOS CONTRACEPTIVOS ORAIS SOBRE OS NÍVEIS TENSIONAIS
Authors: Lopes Andrade Anderson Wilbur , Bezerra Lima Emerson Fablo
Published: February 2017

Os anticoncepcionais orais são um dos métodos de controle de natalidade mais utilizados por mulheres adultas e adolescentes. Alguns pesquisadores evidenciaram que algumas mulheres desenvolvem hipertensão arterial nos seis meses iniciais de uso do anticoncepcional hormonal. O presente trabalho verificou a relação entre o uso destes fármacos e a pressão arterial em acadêmicas de uma instituição de ensino superior. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário estruturado, com perguntas fechadas, constando de identificação, o uso de contraceptivo hormonal oral (se faz ou não uso), o tempo e a regularidade da terapêutica e existência de fatores de risco (tabagismo, alcoolismo, sedentarismo, histórico familiar de hipertensão, obesidade e patologias existentes). Em seguida foi realizada a aferição da pressão arterial das acadêmicas no período de um mês. As estudantes foram separadas em grupos, sendo as usuárias dos contraceptivos orais classificadas no Grupo A e as não usuárias no Grupo B. Após análise dos níveis pressóricos, observou-se que, as diferenças das pressões arteriais (pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica) entre os dois grupos não foram significativas, sendo que, em ambos os grupos as acadêmicas apresentaram valores considerados normais da pressão arterial, de acordo com V Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertensão Arterial.
AVALIAÇÃO DA TOXICIDADE, CITOTOXICIDADE e GENOTOXICIDADE DO INFUSO DE MALVA-SANTA (Plectranthus barbatus - LAMIACEAE) SOBRE O CICLO CELULAR DE Allium cepa
Authors: Bezerra Cleirton Martins , Silva Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os possíveis efeitos tóxicos, citotóxicos, genotóxicos e mutagênicos do infuso de folhas de malva-santa (Plectranthus barbatus) em diferentes concentrações sobre o ciclo celular da cebola (Allium cepa). As cebolas foram colocadas em contato com a infusão de Malva-santa, após algum tempo medidas com uma régua, em seguida as mesmas foram fixadas, coradas e analisadas no microscópio com objetiva de 40X. Os efeitos tóxicos, citotóxicos e genotóxicos foram avaliados através da inibição do crescimento radicular, dos índices mitóticos, surgimento de aberrações cromossômicas e a ocorrência de micronúcleos. Foi evidenciado o efeito tóxico sobre os meristemas radiculares, pois em todos os tratamentos, as raízes tiveram seu crescimento inibido. O efeito citotóxico foi constatado pela análise das médias dos índices mitóticos, onde fico notório que todos os tratamentos analisados apresentaram diminuição significativa na divisão celular e consequênte diminuição no índice mitótico. A genotoxicidade foi evidenciada através das duas maiores concentrações analisadas, pois apresentaram uma freqüência de aberrações cromossômicas estatisticamente relevantes.
PERCEPÇÕES VALORATIVAS DE PRÁTICAS EM BANCO DE LEITE HUMANO
Authors: Marinho Tuâny Figueiredo , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Branco Maria Bertilla Lutterbach Riker , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Pereira Rosângela de Mattos , Marchiori Giovanna Rosario Soanno
Published: February 2017

O estudo objetivou identificar e analisar as percepções valorativas dos profissionais de saúde que atuam no Banco de Leite Humano sobre suas práticas. Trata-se de estudo descritivo de natureza qualitativa, cujos participantes foram 24 profissionais de saúde atuantes em Banco de Leite Humano do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de julho de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013 por intermédio de entrevista semiestruturada. Na análise de conteúdo temática dos depoimentos, emergiram três categorias: A prática de orientação do aleitamento materno; Doação, pasteurização e distribuição do leite humano: cuidado nutricional; e Afetividade no aleitamento materno como facilitador do vínculo mãe-filho. Os profissionais entrevistados demonstram satisfação com o trabalho que realizam e com o envolvimento em todas as atividades pertinentes ao Banco de Leite Humano.
Understanding “nostalgic inequality”: A critical analysis of barriers to Latinos’ healthy eating practices in the United States
Authors: Viladrich Anahi
Published: February 2017

Based on two mixed-methods studies conducted with first and second generation Latinas in New York City (NYC), this article questions simplistic notions of acculturation by stressing the impact of structural conditions (at the individual, social and physical levels) in determining Latinas’ food practices in the United States (U.S.). The term “nostalgic inequality” is used here to argue that Latinas’ retention of, and adaptation to, their traditional staples (i.e., nostalgic foods) tends to favor affordable and fat-saturated items (e.g., fried and processed foods) that through time contribute to higher rates of obesity and cardiovascular disease, among other deleterious health conditions. In the end, this review is aimed at raising awareness about the barriers to healthy eating experienced by disadvantaged minority groups in the U.S. urban milieu.