bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural antecedents of inbound tourism in five Asian and Middle East countries: A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Azimi Hashemi Mozhgan , Hanser Emmy
Published: June 2018

This study illustrates the effects of national culture on tourists' destination choices to Asian and the Middle East. This study clarifies how national cultural configurations indicate international tourists' willingness‐to‐travel to destinations. Five countries in this region—India, Iran, China, Egypt, and Jordan—were selected as destinations of outbound tourism in world counties. Fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis approach was applied to consider how complex configurations of national culture affect international tourism in countries mentioned. The study examines 6 attributes/conditions to explain outcomes. Results demonstrated that configurations that more important in selection Asian and Middle East destinations are presences of happiness and absences of cultural distance, dynamic externality, and societal cynicism. This study supports the cultural values and the cultural distance between origins and destinations, one of the antecedents of tourists' behaviours.
Neurophysiological study of the radial nerve variant in the innervation of the dorsomedial surface of the hand
Authors: Parra Silvia , Orenga Jose V. , Ghinea Alina D. , Estarelles Maria J. , Masoliver Angel , Barreda Ines , Puertas F. Javier
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Sensory innervation of the dorsomedial surface of the hand usually depends on the dorsal ulnar nerve (DUN). Innervation in this area by the superficial radial nerve (SRN) has been described as a normal variant. Methods: We studied 358 patients using nerve conduction of the DUN and SRN with dorsomedial recording. Each hand was classified into usual innervation (only DUN response), mixed variant (response of both nerves), or complete variant (only SRN response). Results: Mixed innervation was found in 14.2% of hands and complete innervation was found in 6.8% of hands, mostly unilaterally. No statistically significant differences were observed in age, sex, or clinical suspicion between usual and variant innervation. The potential amplitude after SRN stimulation was greater in the complete variant. Discussion: It is important to know the characteristics of this variant in order to avoid diagnostic errors and to prevent iatrogenic lesions in surgery performed on the dorsum of the wrist. Muscle Nerve 58: 732–735, 2018
Made Easy: CW Laser Light Widely Tunable Across the Visible
Authors: Sperling Jaroslaw , Hens Korbinian
Published: June 2018

A remarkable number of photonic applications call for continuous‐wave (cw) laser light that is widely tunable throughout the visible range of the spectrum. However, this spectral region remains difficult to access with conventional tunable laser devices. This is why recently commercialized sources based on cw optical parametric oscillator (OPO) technology gain market awareness – and become increasingly recognized as cost‐effective and user friendly turn‐key solutions.
No Mobile Automatic Systems without Lidar
Authors: Bronowski Karsten
Published: June 2018

Photodiodes are key components for the automation of mobile systems. Applications encompass everything from drones through cleaning robots and logistics robots, to special vehicles for industry, construction, forestry, and agriculture. Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are key components of these systems and enable the success of lidar – radar using light. Only lidar systems create the necessary conditions for comprehensive automation in conjunction with safe mobility.
Make It Visible
Authors: Denner Linda , Kehl Anne
Published: June 2018

Fluorescence applications are used in many different areas within manufacturing, as possible uses of fluorescent materials in quality control and testing are extremely diverse. The use of UV lighting is necessary when features on test objects that are invisible in daylight need to be made visible.
Re‐Scan Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Manders Erik
Published: June 2018

As we all know, the most important property of the confocal microscope is optical sectioning (axial resolution). A bit forgotten fact is that confocal microscopy has the potential of lateral super‐resolution (better resolution than Abbe's law dictates). This lateral super‐resolution can only be obtained by sacrificing precious fluorescence signal and thus by getting noisy images. This problem has now been solved by a simple re‐design of the optics: re‐scan confocal microscopy (RCM).
Machine Vision Ensures Excellence in Paper Processing
Authors: Stiefenhöfer Peter
Published: June 2018

Since decades, the Swiss company Hunkeler has set standards for the paper processing industry. With Mitsubishi Electric's line scan bars and Stemmer Imaging as their machine vision partner, Hunkeler has now given a preview of future web inspection systems, integrated into their DP8 dynamic perforator.
Photonics Technologies for Medical Applications
Authors: González Ana Belén , Pozo Jose
Published: June 2018

EPIC General Assembly took place on 19th – 20th April in Berlin, attracting 220 presidents / CEOs / decision makers, mainly from EPIC member companies. It was an outstanding event as the association was celebrating its 15th anniversary.
Multijunction Ga0.5In0.5P/GaAs solar cells grown by dynamic hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Schulte Kevin L. , Simon John , Ptak Aaron J.
Published: June 2018

We report the development of Ga0.5In0.5P/GaAs monolithic tandem solar cells grown by dynamic hydride vapor phase epitaxy, a III‐V semiconductor growth alternative to metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy with the potential to reduce growth costs. The tandem device consists of 3 components: a 1.88 eV band gap (EG) Ga0.5In0.5P top cell, a p‐Ga0.5In0.5P/n‐GaAs tunnel junction, and a 1.41 eV rear heterojunction GaAs cell. The open circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor are 2.40 V and 88.4%, respectively, indicative of high material quality. Electroluminescence measurements show that the individual VOC of the top and bottom cell are 1.40 and 1.00 V, respectively, yielding EG‐voltage offsets (WOC) of 0.48 and 0.41 V. The WOC of the top cell is higher because of an unpassivated front surface rather than the bulk material quality. The Ga0.5In0.5P top cell limits the current of this series‐connected device for this reason to a short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 11.16 ± 0.15 mA/cm2 yielding an overall efficiency of 23.7% ± 0.3%. We show through modeling that thinning the emitter will improve the present result, with a clear pathway toward 30% efficiency with the existing material quality. This result is a promising step toward the realization of high‐efficiency III‐V multijunction devices with reduced growth cost.
Nanowire Arrays as Force Sensors with Super‐Resolved Localization Position Detection: Application to Optical Measurement of Bacterial Adhesion Forces
Authors: da Silva Aldeliane M. , Sahoo Prasana K. , Cavalli Alessandro , de Souza Alessandra A. , Bakkers Erik P. A. M. , Cesar Carlos L. , Janissen Richard , Cotta Monica A.
Published: June 2018

The design and application of indium phosphide (InP) nanowire arrays to acquire Xylella fastidiosa bacterial cell vector force maps are discussed. The nanowire deflections are measured with subdiffraction localization confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The nanowire mechanical stability in air and liquid media as well as methods to average out thermally induced oscillations are investigated. The accuracy of center determination of the CLSM reflected laser intensity profile at nanowire apex is studied using Gaussian fitting and localization microscopy techniques. These results show that the method is reliable for measuring nanowire displacements above ≈25 nm. Corresponding force ranges probed by this method can be customized depending on nanowire geometry and array configuration. The method is applied to explore X. fastidiosa cell adhesion forces on the InP nanowire surface, and in situ probes the effect of N‐acetylcysteine on adhered cells. Future perspectives for application of this method in microbiology studies are also outlined.
Using the Social Class Worldview Model in Student Affairs
Authors: Loh Garrison Yunkyoung , Liu William Ming
Published: June 2018

This chapter explores social class myths, the Social Class Worldview Model, and suggestions for student affairs professionals to facilitate social class identity development.
Counting Class: Assessing Social Class Identity Using Quantitative Measures
Authors: Soria Krista M.
Published: June 2018

This chapter analyzes the various ways social class identity has been measured among undergraduate students. Implications of social class definitions and measurement for student affairs practitioners also are discussed.
Electro‐Catalytic Behavior of Silver Nanoparticles Embedded in Potato and Tapioca Starch for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Kalantari Katayoon , Afifi Amalina M. , Nia Pooria Moozarm , Izadiyan Zahra , Kalantari Alireza , Abouzari‐lotf Ebrahim
Published: June 2018

The present work demonstrates an eco‐friendly and facile method for the synthesis of tapioca and potato starches incorporated by silver nanoparticles hereafter named (T‐Ag/NPs) and (P‐Ag/NPs), respectively. The analysis of UV–vis showed the appearance of surface plasmon resonance. The TEM analysis shows the formation of highly distributed Ag/NPs with an average diameter and standard deviation of 19.65 ± 2.45 and 12.27 ±7.39 nm for (P‐Ag/NPs) and (T‐Ag/NPs), respectively. The prepared (T‐Ag/NPs) show remarkable potential applicability in energy as low‐cost electrode material compared with (P‐Ag/NPs). They are used as a non‐precious catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the alkaline medium. The presence of starch promotes long‐term stability up to 1000 cycles and avoid the dissolution and agglomeration of silver nanoparticles. The (T‐Ag/NPs) show significant stability and reproducibility.
Residential level electric vehicle and grid dynamic interaction modeling and stability analysis
Authors: Wang Xiang , He Zhengyou , Yang Jianwei , Cai Liangcheng
Published: June 2018

This study investigates the stability of residential‐level electric vehicle (EV) and grid dynamic interaction. The impedance‐based analytical approach is applied in a three‐phase distribution network with single‐phase EV household charging systems, which consist of voltage‐ and current‐controlled converters with LCL filters. The dynamic mathematical model of the interaction system is deduced from the topology and the control link of the EV charging system. The equivalent impedance model of the charging system is derived from the control loop, and the influence of LCL filters on the closed control loop is considered. Then, impedance‐ratio‐based stability analysis method is applied to the residential‐level interaction dynamics to characterize the influence of different parameters. Analytical and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The regular pattern arrived at can be applied in designing EV charging infrastructure. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Solar home systems and solar lanterns in rural areas of the Global South: What impact?
Authors: Lemaire Xavier
Published: June 2018

Assessing the extent of evidence available relating to the impact of solar energy for households (HHs) in developing countries, surveys are reviewed focusing on the impact of pico‐photovoltaic (e.g., solar lanterns) or solar home systems (SHS) on rural HHs and directly related economic activities of their occupiers. Ninety‐eight documents have been analyzed. Areas of enquiry have included the impact of small individual solar photovoltaic systems on different facets of the life of HHs' occupiers: their education, health, finance, livelihoods, and social relations. Research on the impact of small solar systems contradicts the commonly accepted idea that small solar systems—due to their limited capacity—cannot have an impact in terms of development. In actual fact, these systems seem to have a significant impact in terms of quality of life for their users and in helping them to keep connected to the global world by supplying power to mobile phones and television sets. Nevertheless, it is not yet possible to draw definitive conclusions on their quantitative impact in specific areas, except for: (a) evidence of increase of quality lighting, (b) strong evidence of cost savings when kerosene lamps are replaced by solar lighting, and (c) evidence on the impact of solar lighting on the time of studying of children and quality of education. Finally, indications are given on the kind of research which could be conducted to fill current gaps in demonstrating evidence of the impact of small individual solar systems.

This article is categorized under:

Photovoltaics > Climate and Environment

Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
A Solid in Disguise: Structure Determinations, Polymorphism, and Thermal Behavior of the Silyborane pinB‐SiMe2Ph
Authors: Kleeberg Christian , Plotzitzka Jacqueline
Published: June 2018

The silylborane pinB‐SiMe2Ph (1) [pin = (OC(Me)2C(Me)2O)], an established reagent in various silylation and borylation reactions, was studied in detail with respect to its solid‐state structure. In contrast to the common understanding, 1 is a solid at ambient temperature. However, crystallization is strongly hampered and not observed above –18 °C. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies on 1 furnish two distinct structurally complex polymorphs. Polymorph 1A crystallizes in a triclinic space group, P1, with two pairs of independent molecules in the asymmetric unit (Z = 8, Z′ = 4). The second polymorph, 1B, in an orthorhombic space group Fdd2 comprises three independent molecules (Z = 48, Z′ = 3). Within both polymorphs as well as between the polymorphs the individual molecules of 1 exhibit only subtle conformational differences, with respect to the orientation of the Bpin and the phenyl group.
Volume and complexity for Warped AdS black holes
Authors: Auzzi Roberto , Baiguera Stefano , Nardelli Giuseppe
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We study the Complexity=Volume conjecture for Warped AdS3 black holes. We compute the spatial volume of the Einstein-Rosen bridge and we find that its growth rate is proportional to the Hawking temperature times the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. This is consistent with expectations about computational complexity in the boundary theory.
Common exotic decays of top partners
Authors: Bizot Nicolas , Cacciapaglia Giacomo , Flacke Thomas
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Many standard model extensions that address the hierarchy problem contain Dirac-fermion partners of the top quark, which are typically expected around the TeV scale. Searches for these vector-like quarks mostly focus on their decay into electroweak gauge bosons and Higgs plus a standard model quark. In this article, backed by models of composite Higgs, we propose a set of simplified scenarios, with effective Lagrangians and benchmarks, that include more exotic decay channels, which modify the search strategies and affect the bounds. Analysing several classes of underlying models, we show that exotic decays are the norm and commonly appear with significant rates. All these models contain light new scalars that couple to top partners with charge 5/3, 2/3, and −1/3.
Postsynaptic movement disorders: clinical phenotypes, genotypes, and disease mechanisms
Authors: Abela Lucia , Kurian Manju A.
Published: June 2018

Movement disorders comprise a group of heterogeneous diseases with often complex clinical phenotypes. Overlapping symptoms and a lack of diagnostic biomarkers may hamper making a definitive diagnosis. Next‐generation sequencing techniques have substantially contributed to unraveling genetic etiologies underlying movement disorders and thereby improved diagnoses. Defects in dopaminergic signaling in postsynaptic striatal medium spiny neurons are emerging as a pathogenic mechanism in a number of newly identified hyperkinetic movement disorders. Several of the causative genes encode components of the cAMP pathway, a critical postsynaptic signaling pathway in medium spiny neurons. Here, we review the clinical presentation, genetic findings, and disease mechanisms that characterize these genetic postsynaptic movement disorders.
Consumer Ethnocentrism, Market Mavenism and Social Network Analysis
Authors: Cheah Isaac , Shimul Anwar Sadat
Published: June 2018

This study investigates the tendency of consumer ethnocentrism, the role of market mavenism and interactions between these two constructs within a social structure. A total of 215 responses were collected online using the snowballing technique. This study finds that younger consumers are less ethnocentric but demonstrate more mavenism than their counterparts. The social network analysis shows that within the 2-clique, the market mavens outnumbered the non-mavens. This paper provides a holistic view by incorporating the relationship among three concepts with six-degrees-of-separation theory, adding new insights into the constructs which was not previously addressed within the literature.
Signals from the caudal diencephalon are required for the projection of the Interstitial Nuclei of Cajal
Authors: Solís‐S Juan C. , García‐Solís Pablo , Hernández‐Chan Nancy G. , Zamorano‐Martínez Daniela A. , Villagrán‐Herrera Ma. Elena , Hernández‐Puga Gabriela , Vergara‐Castañeda Haydé A. , Sánchez‐Tusie Ana A. , Varela‐Echavarría Alfredo , Hernández‐Montiel Hebert L.
Published: June 2018

Axonal projection is controlled by discrete regions localized at the neuroepithelium, guiding the neurite growth during embryonic development. These regions exert their effect through the expression of a family of chemotropic molecules, which actively participate in the formation of neuronal connections of the central nervous system in vertebrates. Previous studies describe prosomere 1 (P1) as a possible organizer of axonal growth of the rostral rhombencephalon, contributing to the caudal projection of reticulospinal rhombencephalic neurons. This work studies the contribution of chemotropic signals from P1 or pretectal medial longitudinal fascicle (MLF) neurons upon the caudal projection of the interstitial nuclei of Cajal (INC). By using in ovo surgeries, retrograde axonal labeling, and immunohistochemical techniques, we were able to determine that the absence of P1 generates a failure in the INC caudal projection, while drastically diminishing the reticulospinal rhombencephalic neurons projections. The lack of INC projection significantly decreases the number of reticulospinal neurons projecting to the MLF. We found a 48.6% decrease in the projections to the MLF from the rostral and bulbar areas. Similarly, the observed decrease at prosomere 2 was 51.5%, with 61.8% and 32.4% for prosomeres 3 and 4, respectively; thus, constituting the most affected rostral regions. These results suggest the following possibilities: i, that the axons of the reticulospinal neurons employ the INC projection as a scaffold, fasciculating with this pioneer projection; and ii, that the P1 region, including pretectal MLF neurons, exerts a chemotropic effect upon the INC caudal projection. Nonetheless the identification of these chemotropic signals is still a pending task.
The price of progress: Funding and financing Alzheimer's disease drug development
Authors: Cummings Jeffrey , Reiber Carl , Kumar Parvesh
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Advancing research and treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the search for effective treatments depend on a complex financial ecosystem involving federal, state, industry, advocacy, venture capital, and philanthropy funding approaches.

Methods

We conducted an expert review of the literature pertaining to funding and financing of translational research and drug development for AD.

Results

The federal government is the largest public funder of research in AD. The National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and National Center for Advancing Translational Science all fund aspects of research in AD drug development. Non‐National Institutes of Health federal funding comes from the National Science Foundation, Veterans Administration, Food and Drug Administration, and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Academic Medical Centers host much of the federally funded basic science research and are increasingly involved in drug development. Funding of the “Valley of Death” involves philanthropy and federal funding through small business programs and private equity from seed capital, angel investors, and venture capital companies. Advocacy groups fund both basic science and clinical trials. The Alzheimer Association is the advocacy organization with the largest research support portfolio relevant to AD drug development. Pharmaceutical companies are the largest supporters of biomedical research worldwide; companies are most interested in late stage de‐risked drugs. Drugs progressing into phase II and III are candidates for pharmaceutical industry support through licensing, mergers and acquisitions, and co‐development collaborations.

Discussion

Together, the funding and financing entities involved in supporting AD drug development comprise a complex, interactive, dynamic financial ecosystem. Funding source interaction is largely unstructured and available funding is insufficient to meet all demands for new therapies. Novel approaches to funding such as mega‐funds have been proposed and more integration of component parts would assist in accelerating drug development.
The kinematics of bidisperse granular roll waves
Authors: Viroulet S. , Baker J. L. , Rocha F. M. , Johnson C. G. , Kokelaar B. P. , Gray J. M. N. T.
Published: June 2018

Small perturbations to a steady uniform granular chute flow can grow as the material moves downslope and develop into a series of surface waves that travel faster than the bulk flow. This roll wave instability has important implications for the mitigation of hazards due to geophysical mass flows, such as snow avalanches, debris flows and landslides, because the resulting waves tend to merge and become much deeper and more destructive than the uniform flow from which they form. Natural flows are usually highly polydisperse and their dynamics is significantly complicated by the particle size segregation that occurs within them. This study investigates the kinematics of such flows theoretically and through small-scale experiments that use a mixture of large and small glass spheres. It is shown that large particles, which segregate to the surface of the flow, are always concentrated near the crests of roll waves. There are different mechanisms for this depending on the relative speed of the waves, compared to the speed of particles at the free surface, as well as on the particle concentration. If all particles at the surface travel more slowly than the waves, the large particles become concentrated as the shock-like wavefronts pass them. This is due to a concertina-like effect in the frame of the moving wave, in which large particles move slowly backwards through the crest, but travel quickly in the troughs between the crests. If, instead, some particles on the surface travel more quickly than the wave and some move slower, then, at low concentrations, large particles can move towards the wave crest from both the forward and rearward sides. This results in isolated regions of large particles that are trapped at the crest of each wave, separated by regions where the flow is thinner and free of large particles. There is also a third regime arising when all surface particles travel faster than the waves, which has large particles present everywhere but with a sharp increase in their concentration towards the wave fronts. In all cases, the significantly enhanced large particle concentration at wave crests means that such flows in nature can be especially destructive and thus particularly hazardous.
Faraday instability and subthreshold Faraday waves: surface waves emitted by walkers
Authors: Tadrist Loïc , Shim Jeong-Bo , Gilet Tristan , Schlagheck Peter
Published: June 2018

A walker is a fluid entity comprising a bouncing droplet coupled to the waves that it generates at the surface of a vibrated bath. Thanks to this coupling, walkers exhibit a series of wave–particle features formerly thought to be exclusive to the quantum realm. In this paper, we derive a model of the Faraday surface waves generated by an impact upon a vertically vibrated liquid surface. We then particularise this theoretical framework to the case of forcing slightly below the Faraday instability threshold. Among others, this theory yields a rationale for the cosine dependence of the wave amplitude to the phase shift between impact and forcing, as well as the characteristic time scale and length scale of viscous damping. The theory is validated with experiments of bead impact on a vibrated bath. We finally discuss implications of these results for the analogy between walkers and quantum particles.
Numerical simulation of flow past two circular cylinders in cruciform arrangement
Authors: Zhao Ming , Lu Lin
Published: June 2018

Flow past two circular cylinders in cruciform arrangement is simulated by direct numerical simulations for Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 500. The study is aimed at investigating the local flow pattern near the gap between the two cylinders, the global vortex shedding flow in the wake of the cylinders and their effects on the force coefficients of the two cylinders. The three identified local flow patterns near the gap: trail vortex (TV), necklace vortex (NV) and vortex shedding in the gap (SG) agree with those found by flow visualization in experimental studies. As for the global wake flow, two modes of vortex shedding are identified: K mode with inclined wake vortices and P mode where the wake vortices are parallel to the cylinders. The K mode occurs when the gap is slightly greater than the boundary gap between the NV and SG. It also coexists with the SG gap flow pattern if the Reynolds number is very small ($Re=100$). The flow pattern affects the force coefficient. The K mode increases the mean drag coefficient and the standard deviation of the lift coefficient at the centre of the upstream cylinder because the wake vortices converge towards the centre. The mean drag coefficient and standard deviation of the lift coefficient of the downstream cylinder decreases because of the shedding effect from the upstream cylinder.
Early azimuthal instability during drop impact
Authors: Li E. Q. , Thoraval M.-J. , Marston J. O. , Thoroddsen S. T.
Published: June 2018

When a drop impacts on a liquid surface its bottom is deformed by lubrication pressure and it entraps a thin disc of air, thereby making contact along a ring at a finite distance from the centreline. The outer edge of this contact moves radially at high speed, governed by the impact velocity and bottom radius of the drop. Then at a certain radial location an ejecta sheet emerges from the neck connecting the two liquid masses. Herein, we show the formation of an azimuthal instability at the base of this ejecta, in the sharp corners at the two sides of the ejecta. They promote regular radial vorticity, thereby breaking the axisymmetry of the motions on the finest scales. The azimuthal wavenumber grows with the impact Weber number, based on the bottom curvature of the drop, reaching over 400 streamwise streaks around the periphery. This instability occurs first at Reynolds numbers ($Re$) of ${\sim}7000$, but for larger $Re$ is overtaken by the subsequent axisymmetric vortex shedding and their interactions can form intricate tangles, loops or chains.
Control of circular cylinder flow using distributed passive jets
Authors: Clapperton Ben L. , Bearman Peter W.
Published: June 2018

A wind tunnel study has been carried out to investigate flow control around a hollow circular cylinder using passive jets driven by naturally occurring pressure differences. Flow enters the cylinder through spanwise holes along the stagnation line and exits through a spanwise distribution of holes at$\pm 65^{\circ }$. The diameter of the entry and exit holes were 1 % and 0.5 % of the cylinder diameter, respectively. Reynolds numbers were at the upper end of the subcritical regime and ranged from$3\times 10^{4}$to$2.8\times 10^{5}$. Jet spacings of 10 % and 20 % of the cylinder diameter were investigated, and the ratio of the average jet exit velocity to the cross-flow velocity at the boundary layer edge was found to rise to approximately 0.35 and 0.4, respectively, above a Reynolds number of$1.5\times 10^{5}$. Findings based on using the surface oil flow technique revealed a repeating, organised cellular pattern downstream of adjacent jet exit holes consisting of a primary counter-rotating vortex pair structure, followed by a secondary weaker pair. Downstream of adjacent exit holes, and centred midway between them, there exists a separation bubble which delays final flow separation compared with the flow directly downstream of a jet. The variation in the angular position of boundary layer separation across the span had the effect of suppressing von Kármán vortex shedding. This resulted in a drag coefficient, at the upper end of the Reynolds-number range studied, 14.5 % lower than that found using trip wires to initiate boundary layer transition.
Singular jets during the collapse of drop-impact craters
Authors: Thoroddsen S. T. , Takehara K. , Nguyen H. D. , Etoh T. G.
Published: June 2018

When a drop impacts on a deep pool at moderate velocity it forms a hemispheric crater which subsequently rebounds to the original free-surface level, often forming Worthington jets, which rise vertically out of the crater centre. Under certain impact conditions the crater collapse forms a dimple at its bottom, which pinches off a bubble and is also known to be associated with the formation of a very fast thin jet. Herein we use two ultra-high-speed video cameras to observe simultaneously the dimple collapse and the speed of the resulting jet. The fastest fine jets are observed at speeds of approximately $50~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$ and emerge when the dimple forms a cylinder which retracts without pinching off a bubble. We also identify what appears to be micro-bubbles at the bottom of this cylinder, which we propose are caused by local cavitation from extensional stress in the flow entering the jet. The radial collapse of the dimple does not follow capillary-inertial power laws nor is its bottom driven by a curvature singularity, as has been proposed in some earlier studies. The fastest jets are produced by pure inertial focusing and emerge at finite dimple size, bypassing the pinch-off singularity. These jets emerge from the liquid contained originally in the drop. Finally, we measure directly the compression of the central bubble following the pinch-off and the subsequent large volume oscillation, which occurs at frequencies slightly above the audible range at approximately 23 kHz.
Indigenous Undergraduates’ Use of Supplementary Tutors: Developing Academic Capabilities for Success in Higher Education Studies
Authors: Nakata Martin , Nakata Vicky , Day Andrew , Martin Gregory , Peachey Michael
Published: June 2018

This article presents an analysis of statements from Indigenous students in an Australian university that describe how they use supplementary tutors. The analysis provides some evidence that students use tutors for much more than the prescribed remedial purpose to assist with gaps in assumed academic knowledge and skills to prevent subject failures. Students also use tutors to access hidden knowledge and develop capabilities that assist their progress from dependence on assistance to independence in learning. Our analysis has implications for the conceptualisation and management of supplementary tutoring for Indigenous students.
HIGHER CODIMENSIONAL UEDA THEORY FOR A COMPACT SUBMANIFOLD WITH UNITARY FLAT NORMAL BUNDLE
Authors: KOIKE TAKAYUKI
Published: June 2018

Let $Y$ be a compact complex manifold embedded in a complex manifold with unitary flat normal bundle. Our interest is in a sort of the linearizability problem of a neighborhood of $Y$. As a higher codimensional generalization of Ueda’s result, we give a sufficient condition for the existence of a nonsingular holomorphic foliation on a neighborhood of $Y$ which includes $Y$ as a leaf with unitary-linear holonomy. We apply this result to the existence problem of a smooth Hermitian metric with semipositive curvature on a nef line bundle.
Dynamics of paleoenvironments in the Cis-Ural steppes during the mid- to late Holocene
Authors: Khokhlova Olga , Morgunova Nina , Khokhlov Alexander , Golyeva Alexandra
Published: June 2018

The multi-layered settlement of Turganik in the Tok River valley (steppe region west of the Urals) has been studied using paleopedological and microbiomorphical methods. Early humans lived in the settlement during the Eneolithic epoch (the fifth millennium BC) and in the Early Bronze Age (the fourth millennium BC). The cultural layers attributable to the Atlantic period of the Holocene developed under conditions of a rather dry climate, with the landscapes being dominated by the grass and herb steppe. The settlement area was above the flood water level and was suitable for habitation. The soils in its vicinity were Kastanozems (Endosalic Protosodic). The final stages of the cultural layer formation bear traces of strong (though short-term) floods, with the deposits of the latter partly concealed traces of the preceding long-term arid phase. Maximum aridity was during the final interval of the Atlantic period. The Subboreal and Subatlantic periods were noted for meadow-chernozem soil formation (Luvic Chernozems [Stagnic]) and an increasing proportion of arboreal species in the pollen assemblages. Some phytoliths of aquatic plants were found in the assemblages dominated by those of meadow grasses. The climate was more humid and cool, although short episodes of aridity were possible.
Media Bias against Foreign Firms as a Veiled Trade Barrier: Evidence from Chinese Newspapers
Authors: KIM SUNG EUN
Published: June 2018

While the rules of international trade regimes prevent governments from employing protectionist instruments, governments continue to seek out veiled means of supporting their national industries. This article argues that the news media can serve as one channel for governments to favor domestic industries. Focusing on media coverage of auto recalls in China, I reveal a systematic bias against foreign automakers in those newspapers under strict government control. I further analyze subnational reporting patterns, exploiting variation in the level of regional government interest in the automobile industry. The analysis suggests that the media’s home bias is driven by the government’s protectionist interests but rules out the alternative hypothesis that home bias simply reflects the nationalist sentiment of readers. I show that this home bias in news coverage has meaningful impact on actual consumer behavior, combining automobile sales data and information on recall-related web searches.
Setting the Party Agenda: Interest Groups, Voters and Issue Attention
Authors: Klüver Heike
Published: June 2018

Do political parties respond to interest group mobilization? While party responsiveness to voters has received widespread attention, little is known about how interest groups affect parties’ policy agendas. I argue that political parties respond to interest groups as lobbyists offer valuable information, campaign contributions, electoral support and personal rewards, but that party responsiveness is conditioned by voter preferences. Based on a novel longitudinal analysis studying the responsiveness of German parties to interest groups across eleven issue areas and seven elections from 1987 until 2009, it is shown that parties adjust their policy agendas in response to interest group mobilization and that interest groups are more successful in shaping party policy when their priorities coincide with those of the electorate.
Full and Special Colombeau Algebras
Authors: Grosser M. , Nigsch E. A.
Published: June 2018

We introduce full diffeomorphism-invariant Colombeau algebras with addedε-dependence in the basic space. This unites the full and special settings of the theory into one single framework. Using locality conditions we find the appropriate definition of point values in full Colombeau algebras and show that special generalized points suffice to characterize elements of full Colombeau algebras. Moreover, we specify sufficient conditions for the sheaf property to hold and give a definition of the sharp topology in this framework.
Crash Sensitivity and the Cross Section of Expected Stock Returns
Authors: Chabi-Yo Fousseni , Ruenzi Stefan , Weigert Florian
Published: June 2018

This article examines whether investors receive compensation for holding crash-sensitive stocks. We capture the crash sensitivity of stocks by their lower-tail dependence (LTD) with the market based on copulas. We find that stocks with strong LTD have higher average future returns than stocks with weak LTD. This effect cannot be explained by traditional risk factors and is different from the impact of beta, downside beta, coskewness, cokurtosis, and Kelly and Jiang’s (2014) tail risk beta. Hence, our findings are consistent with the notion that investors are crash-averse.
Comparison of clinical outcomes of three different packing materials in the treatment of severe acute otitis externa
Authors: Demir D , Yılmaz M S , Güven M , Kara A , Elden H , Erkorkmaz Ü
Published: June 2018

Objective

To analyse the clinical outcomes of biodegradable synthetic polyurethane foam versus ribbon gauze and ear wick in the treatment of severe acute otitis externa.

Methods

Ninety-two adults with severe acute otitis externa were randomly assigned to groups receiving ear wick (n= 28), ribbon gauze (n= 34) or biodegradable synthetic polyurethane foam (n= 30). Clinical efficacy, in terms of otalgia, oedema, erythema and tenderness of the external auditory canal, was assessed before packing was applied and at follow up on the 3rd and 7th days of presentation.

Results

All packing materials were associated with improved otalgia and oedema on the 3rd day; however, there were significant differences between biodegradable synthetic polyurethane foam and the other packing materials, and there was no significant reduction in tenderness in the biodegradable synthetic polyurethane foam group on the 3rd day. In the ribbon gauze and ear wick groups, improvements in all clinical efficacy scores were statistically significant for all pairwise comparisons.

Conclusion

The three packing materials were all quite effective in treating severe acute otitis externa, but ear wick and ribbon gauze were superior to biodegradable synthetic polyurethane foam for relieving signs and symptoms, especially on the 3rd day.
A vibration-driven planar locomotion robot—Shell
Authors: Zhan Xiong , Xu Jian , Fang Hongbin
Published: June 2018

This paper reports the design, analysis, and control of a miniature vibration-driven planar locomotion robot called Shell. A vibration-driven system is able to achieve locomotion based on internal oscillations and anisotropic friction forces. In this robot design, two parallel oscillators are employed to provide propelling forces, and a blade-like support is designed to generate anisotropic frictional contact with the ground. If the two parallel oscillators are of different frequencies and amplitudes, two-dimensional locomotion of the robot can be achieved. To predict the robot's planar locomotion, a dynamic model is developed. Controlling the robot's locomotion and especially, the locomotion modes can be achieved by adjusting the vibration frequencies of the two internal oscillators. Experimental results show that Shell can be controlled to move rectilinearly and along circles with certain curvatures. In addition, by combining these basic trajectories, Shell can move freely on a horizontal plane.
Who watches the watchmen? Evaluating evaluations of El Sistema
Authors: Baker Geoffrey , Bull Anna , Taylor Mark
Published: June 2018

Within the growing field of publications on El Sistema and Sistema-inspired programmes around the world, a marked divide can be observed between the findings of critical academic studies and commissioned evaluations. Using evaluations of El Sistema in Venezuela and Aotearoa New Zealand as our principal case studies, we argue that this gulf can be explained at least partly by methodological problems in the way that some evaluations are carried out. We conclude that many Sistema evaluations display an alignment with advocacy rather than explorative research, and that the foundation for El Sistema's claims of social transformation is thus weak.
Beyond a Doctorate of Musical Arts: Experiences of its impacts on professional life
Authors: Draper Paul , Harrison Scott
Published: June 2018

There is much dialogue in the academy about the role of doctoral studies in relation to employment, career trajectories and graduate outcomes. This project explores the experiences of Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA) graduates and students at the Queensland Conservatorium in Australia to reveal how the programme has impacted upon their professional activities, while also addressing assumptions promulgated through the literature on artistic practice and research education. The paper presents emergent themes and concludes by offering insights into artistic research in music more broadly.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF A HEALTH TECHNOLOGY: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Polisena Julie , De Angelis Gino , Kaunelis David , Shaheen Mackenzie , Gutierrez-Ibarluzea Iñaki
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

The Health Technology Expert Review Panel is an advisory body to Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) that develops recommendations on health technology assessments (HTAs) for nondrug health technologies using a deliberative framework. The framework spans several domains, including the environmental impact of the health technology(ies). Our research objective was to identify articles on frameworks, methods or case studies on the environmental impact assessment of health technologies.

Methods:

A literature search in major databases and a focused gray literature search were conducted. The main search concepts were HTA and environmental impact/sustainability. Eligible articles were those that described a conceptual framework or methods used to conduct an environmental assessment of health technologies, and case studies on the application of an environmental assessment.

Results:

From the 1,710 citations identified, thirteen publications were included. Two articles presented a framework to incorporate environmental assessment in HTAs. Other approaches described weight of evidence practices and comprehensive and integrated environmental impact assessments. Central themes derived include transparency and repeatability, integration of components in a framework or of evidence into a single outcome, data availability to ensure the accuracy of findings, and familiarity with the approach used.

Conclusions:

Each framework and methods presented have different foci related to the ecosystem, health economics, or engineering practices. Their descriptions suggested transparency, repeatability, and the integration of components or of evidence into a single outcome as their main strengths. Our review is an initial step of a larger initiative by CADTH to develop the methods and processes to address the environmental impact question in an HTA.
Lawless Wars of Empire? The International Law of War in the Philippines, 1898–1903
Authors: Smiley Will
Published: June 2018

Writing for his fellow military officers in early 1903, United States Army Major C.J. Crane reflected on the recent Philippine–American War. The bloody struggle to suppress an insurgency in the Philippines after the United States had annexed them from Spain in 1899 had officially concluded the previous July. The war had been accompanied by fierce racist sentiments among Americans, and in keeping with these, Crane described his foes as “the most treacherous people in the world.” But Crane's discussion drew as much on concepts of law as it did on race. The average American officer, Crane argued, had “remembered all the time that he was struggling with an enemy who was not entitled to the privileges usually granted prisoners of war,” and could be summarily executed, without benefit of “court-martial or other regular tribunal.” If anything, the Americans had been too generous. “Many [American] participants in the struggle,” he maintained, “have failed to fully understand that we were practically fighting an Asiatic nation in arms and almost every man a soldier in disguise and a violator” of the laws of war. But what did those laws mean to the United States during the conflict, and what does this indicate about the broader history of international law's relationship to empire?
What is ‘footprint’ in Antarctica: proposing a set of definitions
Authors: Brooks Shaun T. , Jabour Julia , Bergstrom Dana M.
Published: June 2018

Footprinthas become a common term in environmental research in Antarctica, yet after 25 years there is still no certainty about what it refers to. In relation to Antarctica, the closest definition has been ‘the spatial extent and intensity of disturbance’. Yet there is still confusion around what a ‘disturbance’footprintis actually measuring. This is evident within Committee for Environmental Protection documents, in which there have been over 80 mentions of footprint, with at least eight different meanings, since 1998. To improve clarity in its use by both scientists and policymakers, we first examine the development of the termfootprint, how it has been applied, and its usefulness in applications such as interpreting ‘minor or transitory’ activities. We then identify and define a suite of footprint types (disturbance, building, contamination, non-native species, noise, visual, visitation, risk, carbon, ecological, and human), with the aim of developing a common understanding of what the term refers to. Our goal is to ensure the concept of footprint can be a useful environmental tool to facilitate progressing environmental protection.
Shilnikov chaos, Filippov sliding and boundary equilibrium bifurcations
Authors: GLENDINNING P. A.
Published: June 2018

In the 1960s, L.P. Shilnikov showed that certain homoclinic orbits for smooth families of differential equations imply the existence of chaos, and there are complicated sequences of bifurcations near the parameter value at which the homoclinic orbit exists. We describe how this analysis is modified if the differential equations are piecewise smooth and the homoclinic orbit has a sliding segment. Moreover, we show that the Shilnikov mechanism appears naturally in the unfolding of boundary equilibrium bifurcations in $\mathbb{R}^3$.
Beyond Ethnic Boundaries: Architectural Practices and Social Identity in the Mandara Highlands, Cameroon
Authors: Chétima Melchisedek
Published: June 2018

The relationship between material culture and ethnicity is an important topic of social science research, but review of the literature shows that archaeologists were more interested in ceramics and to a certain extent in metals and mortuary practices. Other material artefacts such as basketry or architecture attracted little attention, while elsewhere it has been shown that variations in techniques and architectural forms are used to emphasize or to disrupt ethnic distinctions. The Mandara data presented here and collected among three different ethnic groups (Podokwo, Muktele, Mura) show that houses are considered as more important compared to other material artefacts when one comes to speak about ethnicity. People used material practices related to houses to establish specific social parameters so as to differentiate themselves from others (e.g. the Podokwo), as a way to regulate marital relationships (e.g. the Muktele), and as a means to articulate cultural practices that determine interrelationships among rival clans (e.g. the Mura).