bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 and herpes zoster co‐infection presenting with trigeminal neuropathy
Authors: Ferreira A. C. A. de F. , Romão T. T. , Macedo Y. S. , Pupe C. , Nascimento O. J. M. ,   Fellow of the American Academy of Neurology (FAAN)
Published: May 2020

Background

Varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) is a human neurotropic virus that remains in a latent state within ganglionic neurons throughout the entire neuroaxis after the primary infection. When herpes zoster (HZ) leads to trigeminal involvement, the ophthalmic division is the most implicated. COVID‐19 has emerged as a viral cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome that has spread all over the world in the last months. Co‐infection with COVID‐19 and other viruses has been reported, but sparsely, and involving the respiratory viruses.

Methods

The case of a co‐infection of COVID‐19 with VZV is reported, and the literature reviewed.

Results

A 39‐year‐old immunocompetent man presented with oligosymptomatic infection with COVID‐19, which evolved to left facial HZ, affecting the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The co‐infection was remotely registered, being the respiratory viruses, especially influenza, the most commonly cited association. However, the present case illustrates the emergence of a latent virus infection, which might be favored by the inflammatory response to the former agent (COVID‐19). This reaction ascended from the nasal cavity, where trigeminal branches are also placed.

Conclusions

The emergence of latent VZV infection in this rare presentation might illustrate an effect, at least locally, of COVID‐19. This virus possibly induced a retrograde reactivation of VZV in a young immunocompetent patient.
Exploring movement patterns and changing distributions of baleen whales in the western North Atlantic using a decade of passive acoustic data
Authors: Davis Genevieve E. , Baumgartner Mark F. , Corkeron Peter J. , Bell Joel , Berchok Catherine , Bonnell Julianne M. , Bort Thornton Jacqueline , Brault Solange , Buchanan Gary A. , Cholewiak Danielle M. , Clark Christopher W. , Delarue Julien , Hatch Leila T. , Klinck Holger , Kraus Scott D. , Martin Bruce , Mellinger David K. , Moors‐Murphy Hilary , Nieukirk Sharon , Nowacek Douglas P. , Parks Susan E. , Parry Dawn , Pegg Nicole , Read Andrew J. , Rice Aaron N. , Risch Denise , Scott Alyssa , Soldevilla Melissa S. , Stafford Kathleen M. , Stanistreet Joy E. , Summers Erin , Todd Sean , Van Parijs Sofie M.
Published: May 2020

Six baleen whale species are found in the temperate western North Atlantic Ocean, with limited information existing on the distribution and movement patterns for most. There is mounting evidence of distributional shifts in many species, including marine mammals, likely because of climate‐driven changes in ocean temperature and circulation. Previous acoustic studies examined the occurrence of minke (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and North Atlantic right whales (NARW;Eubalaena glacialis). This study assesses the acoustic presence of humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), sei (B. borealis), fin (B. physalus), and blue whales (B. musculus) over a decade, based on daily detections of their vocalizations. Data collected from 2004 to 2014 on 281 bottom‐mounted recorders, totaling 35,033 days, were processed using automated detection software and screened for each species' presence. A published study on NARW acoustics revealed significant changes in occurrence patterns between the periods of 2004–2010 and 2011–2014; therefore, these same time periods were examined here. All four species were present from the Southeast United States to Greenland; humpback whales were also present in the Caribbean. All species occurred throughout all regions in the winter, suggesting that baleen whales are widely distributed during these months. Each of the species showed significant changes in acoustic occurrence after 2010. Similar to NARWs, sei whales had higher acoustic occurrence in mid‐Atlantic regions after 2010. Fin, blue, and sei whales were more frequently detected in the northern latitudes of the study area after 2010. Despite this general northward shift, all four species were detected less on the Scotian Shelf area after 2010, matching documented shifts in prey availability in this region. A decade of acoustic observations have shown important distributional changes over the range of baleen whales, mirroring known climatic shifts and identifying new habitats that will require further protection from anthropogenic threats like fixed fishing gear, shipping, and noise pollution.
A synbiotic marine oligosaccharide microcapsules for enhancing Bifidobacterium longum survivability and regulatory on intestinal probiotics
Authors: Chang Liuyi , Wang Peng , Sun Shujuan , Shen Zhaopeng , Jiang Xiaolu
Published: May 2020

A novel synbiotic multiparticulate microparticle containing alginate oligosaccharide (AOS), chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) and Bifidobacterium longum CICC 6259 was produced in the current study to expand the synbiotic industrial applications. The influences of these treatments on encapsulation yield, size, morphology, protective effect and stability of microcapsules and on mice gut microbiome were studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments detected no significant difference (P > 0.05) in encapsulation yield with different types of microcapsules. However, the microcapsule diameter of marine oligosaccharide was approximately 60 μm greater, and these microcapsules increased the number of surviving cells by more than 3 log cfu/g after treatment with simulated gastrointestinal juices, compared to basic alginate microcapsules. In vivo, these microcapsules significantly increased the content of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and reduced the content of Enterococcus and Escherichia in mice gut microbiome. Marine oligosaccharide probiotic microcapsules are promising as a novel functional food ingredient.
FLAER‐negative CD15+ neutrophils can be used for the simplified screening of suspected PNH cases
Authors: Semchenkova Alexandra , Kashpor Svetlana , Verzhbitskaya Tatiana , Borisov Vyacheslav , Illarionova Olga , Fechina Larisa , Maschan Alexey , Novichkova Galina , Popov Alexander
Published: May 2020

Background

The flow cytometry analysis of GPI‐linked proteins on red blood cells and leukocytes is crucial for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) diagnostics. However, the commonly used multicolor panels cannot be implemented in low‐resourced hematology laboratories. In order to develop a simple prediagnostic test for PNH screening, we analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of the two‐color (FLAER/CD15) detection of GPI‐deficient neutrophils.

Methods

We reanalyzed multicolor data set of 1594 peripheral blood samples of patients screened for PNH applying only two markers (FLAER/CD15). The quantitative positivity/negativity was reported. Then, these results were compared in a blinded manner with previously obtained multicolor data from the same samples.

Results

Among the 1594 samples included in the study, 507 samples were PNH‐positive by the multicolor assay. The two‐color method revealed 510 PNH‐positive samples. The detailed examination of this discrepancy revealed 12 false‐positives and 9 false‐negatives. Therefore, FLAER/CD15 screening method displayed 98.90% of the diagnostic specificity and 98.22% of the sensitivity.

Conclusion

This simple two‐color evaluation of FLAER‐negative neutrophils is a highly effective screening test for PNH. Although this approach is not intended to replace the multicolor diagnostic procedure, it could minimize the number of patients requiring a conventional multicolor flow cytometric assay.
Identifying community chronic kidney disease risk profile utilising general practice clinical records and spatial analysis: approach to inform policy and practice
Authors: Bagheri Nasser , Pearce Scott , Mazumdar Soumya , Sturgiss Elizabeth , Haxhimolla Hodo , Harley David
Published: May 2020

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes a significant health burden in Australia, and up to 50% of Australians with CKD remain undiagnosed.

Aims

To estimate the 5‐year risk for CKD from general practice (GP) clinical records and to investigate the spatial variation and hot spots of CKD risk in an Australian community.

Method

A cross‐sectional study was designed using de‐identified GP clinical data recorded from 2010 to 2015. A total of 16 GP participated in this study from West Adelaide, Australia. We used health records of 36 565 patients aged 35–74 years, with no prior history of CKD. The 5‐year estimated CKD risk was calculated using the QKidney algorithm. Individuals' risk score was aggregated to Statistical Area Level 1 to predict the community CKD risk. A spatial hotspot analysis was applied to identify the communities with greater risk.

Results

The mean estimated 5‐year risk for CKD in the sample population was 0.95% (0.93–0.97). Overall, 2.4% of the study population was at high risk of CKD. Significant hot spots and cold spots of CKD risk were identified within the study region. Hot spots were associated with lower socioeconomic status.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated a new approach to explore the spatial variation of CKD risk at a community level, and implementation of a risk prediction model into a clinical setting may aid in early detection and increase disease awareness in regions of unmet CKD care.
Clinical deterioration and hospital‐acquired complications in adult patients with isolation precautions for infection control: A systematic review
Authors: Berry Debra , Wakefield Erin , Street Maryann , Considine Julie
Published: May 2020

Aim

To review and synthesize literature examining clinical deterioration and hospital‐acquired complications in adult patients with isolation precautions for infection control.

Background

Isolation precautions are a common infection prevention and control strategy which may have impact on safety and quality of care.

Design

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines guided this systematic review, which was registered with PROSPERO [CRD42019131573].

Data sources

A search of Medline, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature was conducted for studies published in English up to 5 April 2019.

Review methods

Risk of bias was determined using Critical Appraisal Skills Program tools. Quality appraisal was performed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. The primary outcomes of interest were clinical deterioration events and hospital‐acquired complications. In‐hospital death and hospital length of stay were secondary outcomes. Data were synthesized using a narrative approach.

Results

The search yielded 785 citations after removal of duplicates, of which, six studies were relevant. Certainty of evidence for outcomes of interest was low to very low.

Conclusion

There is no strong evidence that adult medical and surgical ward patients in isolation precautions for infection control are more or less likely to experience clinical deterioration or hospital‐acquired complications.

Impact

What problem did the study address?

Are patients in isolation precautions more likely to experience clinical deterioration or hospital‐acquired complications than non‐isolated patients?

What were the main findings?

There is no strong evidence that clinical deterioration and hospital‐acquired complications are more likely to occur to patients in isolation precautions for infection control.

This research is of relevance to acute care nurses.
Comparing everyday autonomy and adult identity in young people with and without intellectual disabilities
Authors: Salt Emily , Jahoda Andrew
Published: May 2020

Aim

This study was undertaken to investigate how young people with and without mild intellectual disabilities experience and perceive their own behavioural autonomy.

Method

Fifty‐six young people with mild intellectual disabilities and 49 young people without disabilities aged 16–19 participated in a novel picture card sorting task to investigate their participation in a range of activities, and the obstacles preventing them from doing so.

Results

School pupils with intellectual disabilities engaged in significantly fewer activities than their typically developing peers and were more likely to state not to be allowed to. In contrast, the college students with and without disabilities were equally as likely to undertake each activity, and those with intellectual disabilities were more likely to express lack of interest in doing so.

Conclusions

The move from school to college may represent an opportunity for young people with intellectual disabilities to “catch‐up” with their typically developing peers.
Age of the breeders, but not territory quality, explains hatching sex ratio in booted eagles
Authors: Morandini Virginia , Baumbusch Ryan , Balbontin Javier , Ferrer Miguel
Published: May 2020

Natal sex‐ratio variation is a central concept in population demography. When males and females are equally costly to rear, the population sex ratio should be 1:1, but if they differ in cost, more of the cheaper sex should be produced. According the age dependent sex ratio hypothesis, younger breeders should produce more chicks of the cheaper sex. On the other hand, the environmental sex determination hypothesis suggests that parents in poor conditions (scarce food and low‐quality territories) tend to produce more of the cheaper sex. To test hypotheses on adaptive sex ratio, we studied the booted eagleAquila pennata, a raptor with marked sexual dimorphism, with females larger than males. We sexed 174 nestlings from 121 broods in 1996–2000 to study hatching and fledgling sex ratios. We did not find deviations of the 1:1 sex ratio at the population level during the length of the whole study period or on a yearly basis. Sex ratio was affected by age of the breeders, but not by territory quality (average productivity), quality of year, nearest nest distance or number of breeding pair in the population. Older breeders raised more females (i.e. the expensive sex), supporting the age dependent sex ratio hypothesis. In long‐lived species, older breeders tend to occupy better quality territories than younger ones, confounding some of the commonly used surrogates of territory quality, like frequency of occupation or year of first occupation; results obtained from observational studies should be interpreted with caution. We discuss alternative approaches and different scenarios that could provide new insight into the study of factors that influence sex ratio deviations in vertebrates.
Clinicopathologic predictors of survival in buccal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Marinelli Lisa M. , Chatzopoulos Kyriakos , Marinelli John P. , Chen Tiffany Y. , Collins Andrea R. , Sotiriou Sotiris , Raslan Shahm W. , Vêncio Eneida F. , Price Daniel L. , Garcia Joaquin J. , Janus Jeffrey R.
Published: May 2020

Background

Buccal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a locoregionally aggressive malignancy, representing a small subset of oral cancers in North America. We investigated the prognostic value of several clinicopathologic factors in a cohort of patients diagnosed with buccal SCC.

Methods

Between years 1992 and 2017, 52 patients were diagnosed with conventional buccal SCC. Archival surgical pathology material was retrospectively reviewed for reportable findings according to the latest reporting guidelines published by the College of American Pathologists. Clinical data were obtained through chart review.

Results

The majority of patients were of older age, current or past smokers, and without specific gender predilection. Most presented at a clinically advanced stage and were treated with surgery alone, or surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. The tumor recurred in about 40% of patients, and almost half of the patients died from the disease by the end of the follow‐up period. The worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) was associated with greater depth of invasion (DOI) (P = .031) and perineural invasion (P < .001). In univariate analyses, older age (P = .004), positive nodal status (P = .047), lymphovascular invasion (P = .012), perineural invasion (P = .05), and WPOI‐5 (P = .015) were adverse predictors of 5‐year overall survival (OS). In multivariate analysis, older age (P = .011), WPOI‐5 (P < .001), and perineural invasion (P = .001) remained statistically significant independent prognosticators of worse 5‐year OS.

Conclusions

Older age, WPOI‐5, and perineural invasion are significant prognosticators of worse OS. WPOI is associated with DOI, a finding which may have important implications for the pathogenesis and biologic behavior of the disease.
Regorafenib in previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Impact of prior immunotherapy and adverse events
Authors: Yoo Changhoon , Byeon Seonggyu , Bang Yeonghak , Cheon Jaekyung , Kim Jin W. , Kim Jee H. , Chon Hong J. , Kang Beodeul , Kang Myoung J. , Kim Ilhwan , Hwang Jun‐Eul , Kang Jung H. , Lee Myung A. , Hong Jung Y. , Lim Ho Y. , Ryoo Baek‐Yeol
Published: May 2020

Background & Aims

Regorafenib demonstrated a clinical benefit for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) in the phase III RESORCE trial. Considering the heterogeneity of uHCC and discrepancies in its characteristics between prospective trials and daily practice, real‐life evidence is necessary.

Methods

This multicentre, retrospective analysis was performed by the Korean Cancer Study Group. In total, 440 patients who received regorafenib between January 2017 and November 2019 were identified in nine tertiary referral hospitals in Korea.

Results

All patients received prior sorafenib, and the median time‐to‐progression (TTP) on sorafenib was 3.9 months (range, 0.2‐71.6). Regorafenib was used as the second, third and fourth to seventh lines of therapy in 305 (69.3%), 115 (26.1%) and 20 (4.5%) patients respectively. According to the RECIST v1.1, the overall response rate was 7.7% (n = 34), and the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.2 (95% CI, 2.8‐3.5) and 12.1 (95% CI, 9.7‐14.5) months respectively. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were given in 115 patients (26.1%) prior to regorafenib. There were no differences in PFS and OS with regorafenib according to the prior use of ICIs (PFS, P = .61; OS, P = .63). The occurrence of hand‐foot skin reaction (HFSR) was associated with a better OS (P < .001).

Conclusions

The real‐life clinical outcomes of regorafenib for patients who progressed on prior systemic therapy including ICIs were consistent with the phase III trial results. HFSR was significantly associated with better OS with regorafenib.
Glial evolution as a determinant of human behavior and its disorders
Authors: Goldman Steven A.
Published: May 2020

Astroglial complexity and pleomorphism have increased significantly with hominid evolution. This suggests a potential association between glial evolution and the development of human cognition, as well as between glial evolution and the advent of human‐selective neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Impact of coronavirus pandemic in appointments and anxiety/concerns of patients regarding orthodontic treatment
Authors: Cotrin Paula , Peloso Renan Morais , Oliveira Renata Cristina , de Oliveira Ricardo César Gobbi , Pini Nubia Inocencya Pavesi , Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore
Published: May 2020

Objective

To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus pandemic and the quarantine in orthodontic appointments, and patients' anxiety and concerns about their ongoing orthodontic treatment.

Settings and sample population

Patients from private dental clinics of two orthodontists that were undergoing active orthodontic treatment.

Material and methods

An online anonymous questionnaire regarding their anxiety about the coronavirus situation, availability/acceptance to attend an appointment, among others, was answered by orthodontic patients. Descriptive statistics with percentages was performed and responses were compared between sexes, cities, and association of the feelings/level of anxiety of patients and willingness to attend an appointment were performed with chi‐square, independent t test, one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's tests.

Results

The questionnaire was answered by 354 patients (231 female; 123 male) with mean age of 35.49 years. Most patients are respecting the quarantine, 44.7% related to be calm and 46.3% afraid or anxious. The level of anxiety was greater for females than males. There was significant association of the level of anxiety and the willingness to attend an appointment. The greatest concern of patients was delay in the end of treatment.

Conclusion

The quarantine and coronavirus pandemic showed to have impact on orthodontic appointments and patients’ anxiety. Patients willing to attend an orthodontic appointment presented significantly lower level of anxiety than patients that would not go or would go only in urgency/emergency. Females were more anxious than males about coronavirus pandemic, quarantine and impact on their orthodontic treatments. Delay in treatment was the greatest concern of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Trending topics in orthodontics research during the last three decades: A longitudinal bibliometric study on the top‐cited articles
Authors: Adobes Martin Milagros , Lipani Erica , Alvarado Lorenzo Alfonso , Aiuto Riccardo , Garcovich Daniele
Published: May 2020

Objective

To perform a bibliometric analysis on the top‐cited articles over the last three decades from 1989 to 2018, using a longitudinal set‐up, in order to analyse how articles’ features have evolved over time.

Setting and sample population

A sample of 312 articles divided into three subgroups of 104 top‐cited articles for each decade were included. The h‐index value was used to determine the sample size.

Materials and Methods

The articles were identified through a search in the category “dentistry oral surgery and medicine” of the Web of Science database. The information relative to the articles was collected. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the articles and the journals; selected parameters were analysed with the Kruskal‐Wallis and the Mann‐Whitney U test at the 0.05 level of significance.

Results

The top‐cited articles were published mainly by orthodontic journals. Along the last two decades, the scientific contribution of Asian and South American countries rose significantly. The trending topics varied in each decade. Skeletal anchorage‐related articles dominated the production of the decade 1999‐2008 while new technologies as CBCT displayed a higher prevalence in the last decade, where new topics such as corticotomy‐assisted orthodontics started to appear. The number of multi‐authored articles increased while the articles from no university institutions decreased.

Conclusion

The publications in the three studied decades were significantly different in terms of numbers and characteristics. A longitudinal set‐up allows to study the evolution of the scientific production and how the area of interest has developed over time.
Multi‐taxon inventory reveals highly consistent biodiversity responses to ecospace variation
Authors: Brunbjerg Ane Kirstine , Bruun Hans Henrik , Dalby Lars , Classen Aimée T. , Fløjgaard Camilla , Frøslev Tobias G. , Pryds Hansen Oskar Liset , Høye Toke Thomas , Moeslund Jesper Erenskjold , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Ejrnæs Rasmus
Published: May 2020

Amidst the global biodiversity crisis, identifying general principles for variation of biodiversity remains a key challenge. Scientific consensus is limited to a few macroecological rules, such as species richness increasing with area, which provide limited guidance for conservation. In fact, few agreed ecological principles apply at the scale of sites or reserve management, partly because most community‐level studies are restricted to single habitat types and species groups. We used the recently proposed ecospace framework and a comprehensive data set for aggregating environmental variation to predict multi‐taxon diversity. We studied richness of plants, fungi and arthropods in 130 sites representing the major terrestrial habitat types in Denmark. We found the abiotic environment (ecospace position) to be pivotal for the richness of primary producers (vascular plants, mosses and lichens) and, more surprisingly, little support for ecospace continuity as a driver. A peak in richness at intermediate productivity adds new empirical evidence to a long‐standing debate over biodiversity responses to productivity. Finally, we discovered a dominant and positive response of fungi and insect richness to organic matter accumulation and diversification (ecospace expansion). Two simple models of producer and consumer richness accounted for 77% of the variation in multi‐taxon species richness suggesting a significant potential for generalization beyond individual species responses. Our study widens the traditional conservation focus on vegetation and vertebrate populations unravelling the importance of diversification of carbon resources for diverse heterotrophs, such as fungi and insects.
Managing Innovation Spillover in Outsourcing
Authors: Hu Bin , Mai Yunke , Pekeč Saša
Published: May 2020

When an innovator outsources the manufacturing of an innovative product to a contract manufacturer (CM) which is also a competitor in the end market, the potential innovation spillover may be a serious concern. We study an innovator’s outsourcing decision under spillover risks with an emphasis on the ex ante uncertain values of innovations, and distinguish between technical innovations which can only spill over through outsourcing and non‐technical innovations which can also spill over in the market. We find that in both cases an innovator may strategically outsource to a competitor‐CM, albeit for distinct motivations: for technical innovations, it is done so that the competitor‐CM would yield market leadership to the innovator; and for non‐technical innovations, it is done so that the competitor‐CM would face innovation uncertainties alongside the innovator.
The human brain processes hierarchical structures of meter and harmony differently: Evidence from musicians and nonmusicians
Authors: Sun Lijun , Thompson William Forde , Liu Fang , Zhou Linshu , Jiang Cunmei
Published: May 2020

The processing of temporal structure has been widely investigated, but evidence on how the brain processes temporal and nontemporal structures simultaneously is sparse. Using event‐related potentials (ERPs), we examined how the brain responds to temporal (metric) and nontemporal (harmonic) structures in music simultaneously, and whether these processes are impacted by musical expertise. Fifteen musicians and 15 nonmusicians rated the degree of completeness of musical sequences with or without violations in metric or harmonic structures. In the single violation conditions, the ERP results showed that both musicians and nonmusicians exhibited an early right anterior negativity (ERAN) as well as an N5 to temporal violations (“when”), and only an N5‐like response to nontemporal violations (“what”), which were consistent with the behavioral results. In the double violation condition, however, only the ERP results, but not the behavioral results, revealed a significant interaction between temporal and nontemporal violations at a later integrative stage, as manifested by an enlarged N5 effect compared to the single violation conditions. These findings provide the first evidence that the human brain uses different neural mechanisms in processing metric and harmonic structures in music, which may shed light on how the brain generates predictions for “what” and “when” events in the natural environment.
Coronary Artery Disease in patients with End‐Stage Kidney Disease; Current perspective and gaps of knowledge
Authors: Levi Amos , Simard Trevor , Glover Christopher
Published: May 2020

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is very common in dialysis patients. One third have preexisting CAD and another one third have significant occult disease at the time of starting dialysis. Symptoms are often absent or are atypical, emphasizing the need for vigorous screening, specifically in patients awaiting transplant. The lesions tend to be heavily calcified, diffuse, and involve multiple vessels, consequently, percutaneous coronary interventions are more complicated to perform, and are less successful in achieving and maintaining short‐ and long‐term patency. Dialysis patients have been excluded from the randomized controlled trials on which the current standards for managing CAD have been established. Due to differences in pathobiology and risks and benefits, it is uncertain that the results of these clinical trials extrapolate to patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here we review the data from observational studies and identify special considerations concerning the diagnosis and management of CAD in dialysis patients, including the use of noninvasive functional testing vs anatomical testing, the management of acute coronary syndromes and of stable coronary artery disease, the role for percutaneous revascularization vs coronary artery bypass grafting, and of platelet inhibitor therapy after coronary stenting. We review the preliminary results of the recently published ISCHEMIA‐CKD trial, the only trial to date to involve large numbers of dialysis patients. This is the first of, hopefully, many trials in the pipeline that will examine therapies for CAD specifically in patients with advanced CKD, a growing population that is at particularly high risk for poor outcomes.
Antifungal prophylaxis in lung transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pennington Kelly M. , Baqir Misbah , Erwin Patricia J. , Razonable Raymund R. , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Kennedy Cassie C.
Published: May 2020

Background

No consensus exists regarding optimal strategy for antifungal prophylaxis following lung transplant.

Objective

To review data regarding antifungal prophylaxis on the development of fungal infections.

Study selection/Appraisal

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus for eligible articles through December 10, 2019. Observational or controlled trials published after January 1, 2001, that pertained to the prevention of fungal infections in adult lung recipients were reviewed independently by two reviewers for inclusion.

Methods

Of 1702 articles screened, 24 were included. Data were pooled using random effects model to evaluate for the primary outcome of fungal infection. Studies were stratified by prophylactic strategy, medication, and duration (short term < 6 months and long term ≥ 6 months).

Results

We found no difference in the odds of fungal infection with universal prophylaxis (49/101) compared to no prophylaxis (36/93) (OR 0.76, CI: 0.03‐17.98; I2 = 93%) and preemptive therapy (25/195) compared to universal prophylaxis (35/222) (OR 0.91, CI: 0.06‐13.80; I2 = 93%). The cumulative incidence of fungal infections within 12 months was not different with nebulized amphotericin (0.08, CI: 0.04‐0.13; I2 = 87%) compared to systemic triazoles (0.07, CI: 0.03‐0.11; I2 = 21%) (P = .65). Likewise, duration of prophylaxis did not impact the incidence of fungal infections (short term: 0.11, CI: 0.05‐0.17; I2 = 89%; long term: 0.06, CI: 0.03‐0.08; I2 = 51%; P = .39).

Conclusions

We have insufficient evidence to support or exclude a benefit of antifungal prophylaxis.
The discursive framing of Turkey's pro‐government town square movement
Authors: Schluter Anne Ambler
Published: May 2020

According to the official narrative, Turkey's July 15th, 2016 attempted coup featured a renegade faction of the Turkish military that was overtaken by fearless citizens who answered the president's call to crowd town squares and preserve democracy. During the following months, state ideology that indexed this populist narrative flooded the linguistic landscape. Simultaneously, a large‐scale purge of government employees took place. Drawing on a larger corpus of signs containing 238 billboards, the current paper employs critical discourse analysis and geosemiotics to investigate three government‐sponsored billboards’ discursive and semiotic framing of the coup attempt to gain insights into some of the techniques that inspired and sustained the pro‐government town square movement. The analysis shows the mechanisms through which populist, nationalist slogans use intertextuality to tap into deeply familiar discourses from Turkey's founding narrative that ultimate help to legitimize the purge.
Xenotransplantation of decellularized pig heart valves—Regulatory aspects in Europe
Authors: Godehardt Antonia W. , Tönjes Ralf R.
Published: May 2020

Background

The lack of human donors for allotransplantation forces the development of other strategies to circumvent the existing organ shortage documented on the waiting lists. Here, xenotransplantation offers a suitable option since the genetic modification of animals has become an established method that allows the generation of animals as donors of cells, tissues, and organs with reduced antigenicity.

Methods

Focus is given on the generation of decellularized matrix scaffolds, for example, for valve transplantation and/or repair, that have the potential being fully assimilated by the recipient as they are no longer a mechanical implant with risk of calcification and related failure.

Results

This new class of products is transplants that will be regulated either as medical devices or as cell‐based medicinal products, that is, advanced therapy medicinal products, according to the regulations in the European Union.

Conclusions

In this review, we compile relevant regulatory aspects and point out the possibilities of how these products for human use may be regulated in the future.
Safe Spaces on Campus: An Examination of Student and Faculty Perceptions
Authors: Witherup Kirsten L. , Verrecchia PJ
Published: May 2020

Creating and maintaining a positive school climate is paramount for student well-being. This climate is marked by a teaching and learning environment that can foster positive student outcomes, such as academic achievement, and decrease negative student outcomes, such as absenteeism (Thapa, Cohen, Guffey, & Higgins-D’Alessandro, 2013). One approach to creating a positive and inclusive school climate that welcomes diversity is the development of safe spaces or safe zones on campus. Given the lack of scholarly literature that addresses this topic, the current study explores safe spaces from the perspective of college students and faculty at a liberal arts institution.
Structural Characterization of the Helicase nsp10 Encoded by Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Authors: Shi Yuejun , Tong Xiaohan , Ye Gang , Xiu Ruixue , Li Lisha , Sun Limeng , Shi Jiale , Li Mengxia , Song Yunfeng , Fan Chengpeng , Shi Ke , Fu Zhen F. , Xiao Shaobo , Peng Guiqing
Published: May 2020

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major respiratory disease agent in pigs that causes enormous economic losses to the global swine industry. PRRSV helicase nsp10 is a multifunctional protein with translocation and unwinding activities and plays a vital role in viral RNA synthesis. Here, we report the first structure of full-length nsp10 from the arterivirus PRRSV at 3.0-Å resolution. Our results show that the 1B domain of PRRSV nsp10 adopts a novel open state and has a unique C-terminal domain structure, which plays a crucial role in nsp10 helicase activity. Furthermore, mutagenesis and structural analysis revealed conservation of the helicase catalytic domain across the order
Nidovirales
(families
Arteriviridae
and
Coronaviridae
). Importantly, our results will provide a structural basis for further understanding the function of helicases in the order
Nidovirales
.
PqsE Is Essential for RhlR-Dependent Quorum Sensing Regulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Groleau Marie-Christine , de Oliveira Pereira Thays , Dekimpe Valérie , Déziel Eric
Published: May 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a versatile bacterium found in various environments. It can cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients and naturally resists many antibiotics. The World Health Organization listed it among the top priority pathogens for research and development of new antimicrobial compounds. Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-cell communication mechanism, which is important for
P. aeruginosa
adaptation and pathogenesis. Here, we validate the central role of the PqsE protein in QS particularly by its impact on the regulator RhlR. This study challenges the traditional dogmas of QS regulation in
P. aeruginosa
and ties loose ends in our understanding of the traditional QS circuit by confirming RhlR to be the main QS regulator in
P. aeruginosa
. PqsE could represent an ideal target for the development of new control methods against the virulence of
P. aeruginosa
. This is especially important when considering that LasR-defective mutants frequently arise, e.g., in chronic infections.
Supplemental Material: Elevation gaps in fluvial sandbar deposition and their implications for paleodepth estimation
Authors: Alexander Jason
Published: May 2020

Additional explanation of data sources, methods of data extraction, and statistical modeling.
Supplemental Material: The role of the westerlies and orography in Asian hydroclimate since the late Oligocene
Authors: Wang Xin
Published: May 2020

Detailed description of sample analyses, geological setting, model simulation, and the data presented in the paper.
Supplemental Material: Radioisotopic and biostratigraphic constraints on the classical Middle–Upper Permian succession and tetrapod fauna of the Moscow syneclise, Russia
Authors: Davydov V.I.
Published: May 2020

Figures S1–S4 (photos, stratigraphic logs, stratigraphy, and results of single grain chemical abrasion ID-TIMS analysis) and Tables S1 and S2 (fossils, and U-Pb isotopic data).
Supplemental Material: Late Miocene sediment delivery from the axial drainage system of the East Carpathian foreland basin to the Black Sea
Authors: de Leeuw Arjan
Published: May 2020

Excel and KML files with the investigated outcrops in the East Carpathian Foreland, their location, age, corresponding formation, and interpreted depositional environment.
Supplemental Material: Evidence for glacial geological controls on the hydrology of Maine (USA) peatlands
Authors: Chen Xi
Published: May 2020

Distances between eccentric bogs and major esker systems.
Supplemental Material: A sub-centennial-scale optically stimulated luminescence chronostratigraphy and late Holocene flood history from a temperate river confluence
Authors: Pears Ben
Published: May 2020

S1–S16; Figures S1 (sediment accumulation rate modeled by OxCal and Bacon) and S2 (relative moisture values between OSL and LOI analytical methods); Table S1 (OSL procedure from the Rivers Severn-Teme confluence at Powick, UK); and Data Sets S1 (raw data for the modeled calendric dates, sediment accumulation rate, and sedimentological analyses), S2 (raw and log normalized data for ITRAX XRF analysis and key elements Zr, Rb, Fe, Mn, and heavy metals illustrated in Fig. 2), S3 (individual raw data sets for each 5 cm pOSL run alongside a background sediment sample and a summary sheet of all data and replicates), S4 (raw data, log normalized data, and statistical analysis used in the agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis illustrated in Fig, 2), S5 (calculated log data of sedimentary analyses by 50 yr period and the statistical analysis used in the principal component analysis illustrated in Fig. 3), and S6 (20 yr grouping for the sediment deposition models for the Severn-Teme confluence at Powick, Broadwas, and Buildwas and climatic datasets illustrated in Fig. 4)
Supplemental Material: Diverse rock types detected in the lunar South Pole–Aitken Basin by the Chang’E-4 lunar mission
Authors: Huang Jun
Published: May 2020

Supplemental information and figures
Supplemental Material: Halogens in hydrothermal sphalerite record origin of ore-forming fluids
Authors: Frenzel Max
Published: May 2020

Appendices S1 (detailed methods and summary of analytical results), S2 (full EPMA dataset), S3 (full LA-ICP-MS dataset), and S4 (fluid database used for Figure 3).
Supplemental Material: Onset of permanent Taklimakan Desert linked to the mid-Pleistocene transition
Authors: Liu Weiguo , Liu Zhonghui
Published: May 2020

Materials, methods, and interpretations, Figure S1 (stratigraphic columns and age assignments), Figure S2 (δ13C correlated with rainfall and temperature), Figure S3 (detailed view of the onset of desertification), Figure S4 (representative core photos), Figure S5 (Lop Nur and Mazartag δ13C), Figure S6 (spectral results), Figure S7 (close-up views of records), and Table S1 (δ18O, δ13C, and grain-size data).
Supplemental Material: Overpressure release: Fluid inclusion evidence for a new mechanism for the formation of heavy oil
Authors: Ping Hongwei
Published: May 2020

Sample information and methods for pressure-temperature-composition (P-T-x) evolutionary history reconstruction of oil charge events based on the carbonate vein from the PS18-1 well, Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China.
Supplemental Material: Toxic mercury pulses into late Permian terrestrial and marine environments
Authors: Grasby Stephen
Published: May 2020

Methods and input parameters for the global mercury model used in this study.
Supplemental Material: Northern-sourced water dominated the Atlantic Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Pöppelmeier Frerk
Published: May 2020

Southwest Atlantic hydrography; sample sites and neodymium isotope data; and estimates of benthic flux influence.
Supplemental Material: Tracing shock-wave propagation in the Chicxulub crater: Implications for the formation of peak rings
Authors: Ebert Matthias
Published: May 2020

High-resolution electron microscope images of feather features; notes on shock wave reflections and interactions at the contacts of different lithologies; and a table with the positions of the samples within the peak-ring drill core and its corresponding σ1 measurements.
Supplemental Material: A 23 m.y. record of low atmospheric CO2
Authors: Cui Ying , Schubert Brian
Published: May 2020

Description of the inputs used to calculate atmospheric CO2 concentration, uncertainty in CO2(t), Figure S1, and Tables S1 and S2.
Supplemental Material: Rifting and subduction records of the Paleo–Tethys in North Laos: Constraints from Late Paleozoic mafic and plagiogranitic magmatism along the Song Ma tectonic zone
Authors: Zhang Yuzhi
Published: May 2020

Table S1: Major, trace elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic analytical results for the mafic and plagiogranitic rocks along the Song Ma tectonic zone in North Laos; Table S2: SIMS and LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating results for the mafic, plagiogranitic and associated granitic host rocks along the Song Ma tectonic zone in North Laos; Table S3: Zircon in-situ Hf and O isotopic analytical results for the mafic and plagiogranitic rocks along the Song Ma tectonic zone in North Laos.
Supplemental Material: Distinguishing tectonic versus climatic forcing on landscape evolution: An example from SE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Fangbin , Nie Junsheng , al. et
Published: May 2020

Table S1. Results of apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He dating; Table S2. Results of zircon (U-Th)/He dating; Figures S1–S4.
Supplemental Material: Changes in productivity associated with algal-microbial shifts during the Early Triassic recovery of marine ecosystems
Authors: Du Yong , Song Huyue , al. et
Published: May 2020

Table S1: data from four stratigraphic sections in the Chaohu area; Table S2: data from the Spiti section; and Figure S1: chromatogram.
Supplemental Material: Cyclostratigraphic calibration of the Eifelian Stage (Middle Devonian, Appalachian Basin, Western New York, USA)
Authors: Pas Damien , al. et
Published: May 2020

ICP-OES dataset, Matlad and R scripts.
Generating longitudinal growth charts from preterm infants fed to current recommendations
Authors: Young Aneurin , Andrews Edward T , Ashton James John , Pearson Freya , Beattie R Mark , Johnson Mark John
Published: May 2020

Objective

To use repeated measurements of weight, length and head circumference to generate growth centile charts reflecting real-world growth of a population of very preterm infants with a well-described nutritional intake close to current recommendations.

Design

Infants born before 30 weeks gestational age (GA) were recruited. Infants received nutrition according to an integrated care pathway, with nutrient intake recorded daily, weight recorded twice-weekly and length and head circumference weekly. The LMS method was used to construct growth centile charts between 24 and 36 weeks corrected GA for each parameter.

Setting

A single tertiary neonatal unit in England.

Patients

212 infants (124 male) (median GA at birth: 27.3 weeks, median birth weight: 900 g).

Results

Median daily energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat intake were within 3% of published recommendations. The total number of measurements recorded was 5944 (3431 for weight, 1227 for length and 1286 for head circumference). Centile charts were formed for each parameter. Data for male and female infants demonstrated similar patterns of growth and were pooled for LMS analysis. A web application was created and published (bit.ly/sotongrowth) to allow infants to be plotted on these charts with changes in SD score of measurements reported and graphically illustrated.

Conclusions

These charts reflect growth in a real-world cohort of preterm infants whose nutrient intakes are close to current recommendations. This work demonstrates the feasibility of forming growth charts from serial measurements of growing preterm infants fed according to current recommendations which will aid clinicians in setting a benchmark for achievable early growth.
The potential effects of widespread community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the World Health Organization African Region: a predictive model
Authors: Cabore Joseph Waogodo , Karamagi Humphrey Cyprian , Kipruto Hillary , Asamani James Avoka , Droti Benson , Seydi Aminata Binetou Wahebine , Titi-Ofei Regina , Impouma Benido , Yao Michel , Yoti Zabulon , Zawaira Felicitas , Tumusiime Prosper , Talisuna Ambrose , Kasolo Francis Chisaka , Moeti Matshidiso R
Published: May 2020

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been unprecedented in its speed and effects. Interruption of its transmission to prevent widespread community transmission is critical because its effects go beyond the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths and affect the health system capacity to provide other essential services. Highlighting the implications of such a situation, the predictions presented here are derived using a Markov chain model, with the transition states and country specific probabilities derived based on currently available knowledge. A risk of exposure, and vulnerability index are used to make the probabilities country specific. The results predict a high risk of exposure in states of small size, together with Algeria, South Africa and Cameroon. Nigeria will have the largest number of infections, followed by Algeria and South Africa. Mauritania would have the fewest cases, followed by Seychelles and Eritrea. Per capita, Mauritius, Seychelles and Equatorial Guinea would have the highest proportion of their population affected, while Niger, Mauritania and Chad would have the lowest. Of the World Health Organization's 1 billion population in Africa, 22% (16%–26%) will be infected in the first year, with 37 (29 – 44) million symptomatic cases and 150 078 (82 735–189 579) deaths. There will be an estimated 4.6 (3.6–5.5) million COVID-19 hospitalisations, of which 139 521 (81 876–167 044) would be severe cases requiring oxygen, and 89 043 (52 253–106 599) critical cases requiring breathing support. The needed mitigation measures would significantly strain health system capacities, particularly for secondary and tertiary services, while many cases may pass undetected in primary care facilities due to weak diagnostic capacity and non-specific symptoms. The effect of avoiding widespread and sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is significant, and most likely outweighs any costs of preventing such a scenario. Effective containment measures should be promoted in all countries to best manage the COVID-19 pandemic.