bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Cobalt Catalysis for the Reductive Coupling of Pyridines and Dienes Enabled by Paired Single‐Electron Transfer**
Authors: Qin Jingyang , Barday Manuel , Jana Samikshan , Sanosa Nil , Funes‐Ardoiz Ignacio , Teskey Christopher J.
Published: September 2023

Selective hydroarylation of dienes has potential to provide swift access to useful building blocks. However, most existing methods rely on dienes stabilised by an aromatic group and transmetallation or nucleophilic attack steps require electron‐rich aryl coupling partners. As such, there are few examples which tolerate wide‐spread heteroarenes such as pyridine. Whilst allylic C−H functionalisation could be considered an alternative approach, the positional selectivity of unsymmetrical substrates is hard to control. Here, we report a general approach for selective hydropyridylation of dienes under mild conditions using metal catalysed hydrogen‐atom transfer. Photoinduced, reductive conditions enable simultaneous formation of a cobalt‐hydride catalyst and the persistent radical of easily‐synthesised pyridyl phosphonium salts. This facilitates selective coupling of dienes in a traceless manner at the C4‐position of a wide‐range of pyridine substrates. The mildness of the method is underscored by its functional‐group tolerance and demonstrated by applications in late‐stage functionalisation. Based on a combination of experimental and computational studies, we propose a mechanistic pathway which proceeds through non‐reversible hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) from a cobalt hydride species which is uniquely selective for dienes in the presence of other olefins due to a much higher relative barrier associated with olefin HAT.
Adaptive Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Bicyclic Heteroaromatics using Ruthenium Nanoparticles on a CO2‐Responsive Support
Authors: Zhang Yuyan , El Sayed Sami , Kang Liqun , Sanger Matthew , Wiegand Thomas , Jessop Philip G. , DeBeer Serena , Bordet Alexis , Leitner Walter
Published: September 2023

Ruthenium nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on an amine‐functionalized polymer‐grafted silica support act as adaptive catalysts for the hydrogenation of bicyclic heteroaromatics. Whereas full hydrogenation of benzofuran and quinoline derivatives is achieved under pure H2, introducing CO2 into the H2 gas phase leads to an effective shutdown of the arene hydrogenation while preserving the activity for the hydrogenation of the heteroaromatic part. The selectivity switch originates from the generation of ammonium formate species on the surface of the materials by catalytic hydrogenation of CO2. The CO2 hydrogenation is fully reversible, resulting in a robust and rapid switch between the two states of the catalyst adapting its performance in response to the feed gas composition. A variety of benzofuran and quinoline derivatives were hydrogenated to fully or partially saturated products in high selectivity and yields simply by altering the composition of the feed gas from H2 to H2/CO2. The adaptive catalytic system thus provides controlled access to valuable products using a single catalyst rather than two specific and distinct catalysts with static reactivity.
Reversible Amidation Chemistry Enables Closed‐Loop Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites to Monomers and Fibers
Authors: Qin Bo , Liu Siyuan , Xu Jiang‐Fei
Published: September 2023

Highly efficient recycling of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites into monomers and fibers is a formidable challenge. Herein, we present a closed‐loop recycling approach for carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites using reversible amidation chemistry, which enables the complete recovery of intact carbon fibers and pure monomers. The polymer network, synthesized by amidation between a macromonomer linear polyethyleneimine and a bifunctional maleic anhydride cross‐linker, serves as a matrix for the construction of composites with exceptional mechanical properties, thermal stability and solvent resistance. The matrices can be fully depolymerized under the acidic condition at ambient temperature, allowing the effective separation and recovery of both carbon fibers and the two monomers. The reclaimed carbon fibers retain nearly identical mechanical properties to pristine ones, while pure monomers are recycled with high separation yields (>93 %). They can be reused in for multiple cycles for the manufacture of new composites, whose mechanical properties recover over 95 % of their original properties. This line of research presents a promising approach for the design of high‐performance and sustainable thermoset composites, offering significant environmental and economic benefits.
Stimuli‐Responsive Hydrogel Microcapsules Harnessing the COVID‐19 Immune Response for Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Fischer Amit , Ehrlich Avner , Plotkin Yevgeni , Ouyang Yu , Asulin Klil , Konstantinos Ioannidis , Fan Chunhai , Nahmias Yaakov , Willner Itamar
Published: September 2023

The combination of gene therapy and immunotherapy concepts, along recent advances in DNA nanotechnology, have the potential to provide important tools for cancer therapies. We present the development of stimuli‐responsive microcapsules, loaded with a viral immunogenetic agent, harnessing the immune response against the Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID‐19, to selectively attack liver cancer cells (hepatoma) or recognize breast cancer or hepatoma, by expression of green fluorescence protein, GFP. The pH‐responsive microcapsules, modified with DNA‐tetrahedra nanostructures, increased hepatoma permeation by 50 %. Incorporation of a GFP‐encoding lentivirus vector inside the tumor‐targeting pH‐stimulated miRNA‐triggered and Alpha‐fetoprotein‐dictated microcapsules enables the demonstration of neoplasm selectivity, with approximately 5,000‐, 8,000‐ and 50,000‐fold more expression in the cancerous cells, respectively. The incorporation of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein in the gene vector promotes specific recognition of the immune‐evading hepatoma by the COVID‐19‐analogous immune response, which leads to cytotoxic and inflammatory activity, mediated by serum components taken from vaccinated or recovered COVID‐19 patients, resulting in effective elimination of the hepatoma (>85 % yield).
Nanocomposites of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) containing sepiolite modified with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and octadecyl isocyanate
Authors: Gonçalves Ingrid A. , Barauna Jairo , Pinheiro Ivanei F. , Calderaro Mayara P. , Morales Ana R.
Published: September 2023

The properties of nanocomposites are directly affected by the filler–matrix interaction and therefore surface filler modification is often necessary to improve the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. Our study evaluated surface modification of sepiolite (SEP) on properties of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT)‐based nanocomposites. The nanofillers were modified using two organic modifiers, octadecyl isocyanate (OI), and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). OI showed higher treatment efficiency than APTES and better results in alkyl groups on the surface of the nanofiller, with crystalline profile, which remained in the nanocomposites. The effect of organo‐sepiolites on the properties of PBAT nanocomposites was investigated by DSC, XRD, TGA, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical tensile tests. TGA analysis showed that the addition of O‐SEP on PBAT decreases its thermal stability. SEM analysis showed cavities and fiber tips in the matrix associated with clay agglomerates and some untreated clay faces, which impair filler‐matrix interfacial adhesion. Both treatments increased the elastic modulus and preserved the elongation and tensile strength of PBAT and the treatment with OI results in a higher modulus. Although some studies to improve the clay dispersion are necessary, the promising results reveal the potential of using OI and APTES as SEP modifiers to reinforce PBAT or other polyesters.
Hedging temperature risk with CDD and HDD temperature futures
Authors: Benth Fred Espen , Lempa Jukka
Published: September 2023

This paper is concerned with managing risk exposure to temperature using weather derivatives. We consider hedging temperature risk using so‐called HDD‐ and CDD‐index futures, which are instruments written on temperatures in specific locations over specific time periods. The temperatures are modelled as continuous‐time autoregressive (CARMA) processes and pricing of the hedging instrument is done under an equivalent pricing measure. We develop hedging strategies for locations, cutoff temperatures, and time periods different to the ones in the traded contracts, allowing for more flexibility in the hedging application. The dynamic hedging strategies are expressed explicitly by the term structure of the volatility. We also provide numerical case studies with temperatures following a CAR(3)‐process to illustrate the temporal behaviour of the hedge under different scenarios.
Rhythmic attentional sampling in autism
Authors: Fan Xiaoxu , Kolodny Tamar , Woodard Kristin M. , Tasevac Aydin , Ganz Wesley R. , Rea Hannah M. , Kurtz‐Nelson Evangeline C. , Webb Sara Jane , Murray Scott O.
Published: September 2023

Individuals diagnosed with autism often display alterations in visual spatial attention toward visual stimuli, but the underlying cause of these differences remains unclear. Recent evidence has demonstrated that covert spatial attention, rather than remaining constant at a cued location, samples stimuli rhythmically at a frequency of 4–8 Hz (theta). Here we tested whether rhythmic sampling of attention is altered in autism. Participants were asked to monitor three locations to detect a brief target presented 300–1200 ms after a spatial cue. Visual attention was oriented to the cue and modified visual processing at the cued location, consistent with previous studies. We measured detection performance at different cue‐target intervals when the target occurred at the cued location. Significant oscillations in detection performance were identified using both a traditional time‐shuffled approach and a new autoregressive surrogate method developed by Brookshire in 2022. We found that attention enhances behavioral performance rhythmically at the same frequency in both autism and control group at the cued location. However, rhythmic temporal structure was not observed in a subgroup of autistic individuals with co‐occurring attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Our results imply that intrinsic brain rhythms which organize neural activity into alternating attentional states is functional in autistic individuals, but may be altered in autistic participants who have a concurrent ADHD diagnosis.
Hypoxia Modulates Cellular Endocytic Pathways and Organelles with Enhanced Cell Migration and 3D Cell Invasion**
Authors: A. Naveena Hema , Bhatia Dhiraj
Published: September 2023

Hypoxia, a decrease in cellular or tissue level oxygen content, is characteristic of most tumors and has been shown to drive cancer progression by altering multiple subcellular processes. We hypothesized that the cancer cells in a hypoxic environment might have slower proliferation rates and increased invasion and migration rates with altered endocytosis compared to the cancer cells in the periphery of the tumor mass that experience normoxic conditions. We induced cellular hypoxia by exposing cells to cobalt chloride, a chemical hypoxic mimicking agent. This study measured the effect of hypoxia on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Uptake of fluorescently labeled transferrin, galectin3, and dextran that undergo endocytosis through major endocytic pathways (Clathrin‐mediated pathway (CME), Clathrin‐independent pathway (CIE), Fluid phase endocytosis (FPE)) were analyzed during hypoxia. Also, the organelle changes associated with hypoxia were studied with organelle trackers. We found that the proliferation rate decreased, and the migration and invasion rate increased in cancer cells in hypoxic conditions compared to normoxic cancer cells. A short hypoxic exposure increased galectin3 uptake in hypoxic cancer cells, but a prolonged hypoxic exposure decreased clathrin‐independent endocytic uptake of galectin 3. Subcellular organelles, such as mitochondria, increased to withstand the hypoxic stress, while other organelles, such as Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), were significantly decreased. These data suggest that hypoxia modulates cellular endocytic pathways with reduced proliferation and enhanced cell migration and invasion.
Percutaneous ventricular assist device for higher‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention in surgically ineligible patients: Indications and outcomes from the OPTIMUM study
Authors: Hirai Taishi , Grantham J. Aaron , Kandzari David E. , Ballard William , Brown W. Morris , Allen Keith B. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Argenziano Michael , Yeh Robert W. , Khabbaz Kamal , Lombardi William , Lasala John , Kachroo Puja , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Gosch Kensey L. , Salisbury Adam C. ,   the OPTIMUM Study Group
Published: September 2023

Background

Indications and outcomes for percutaneous ventricular assist device (pVAD) use in surgically ineligible patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain poorly characterized.

Aims

We sought to describe the use and timing of pVAD and outcome in surgically ineligible patients.

Methods

Among 726 patients enrolled in the prospective OPTIMUM study, clinical and health status outcomes were assessed in patients who underwent pVAD‐assisted PCI and those without pVAD.

Results

Compared with patients not receiving pVAD (N = 579), those treated with pVAD (N = 142) more likely had heart failure, lower left ventricular ejection fraction (30.7 ± 13.6 vs. 45.9 ± 15.5, p < 0.01), and higher STS 30‐day predicted mortality (4.2 [2.1−8.0] vs. 3.3 [1.7−6.6], p = 0.01) and SYNTAX scores (36.1 ± 12.2, vs. 31.5 ± 12.1, p < 0.01). While the pVAD group had higher in‐hospital (5.6% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.046), 30‐day (9.0% vs. 4.0%, p = 0.01) and 6‐month (20.4% vs. 11.7%, p < 0.01) mortality compared to patients without pVAD, this difference appeared to be largely driven by significantly higher mortality among the 20 (14%) patients with unplanned pVAD use (30% in‐hospital mortality with unplanned PVAD vs. 1.6% with planned, p < 0.01; 30‐day mortality, 38.1% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.01). The degree of 6‐month health status improvement among survivors was similar between groups.

Conclusion

Surgically ineligible patients with pVAD‐assisted PCI had more complex baseline characteristics compared with those without pVAD. Higher mortality in the pVAD group appeared to be driven by very poor outcomes by patients with unplanned, rescue pVAD.
Evaluation of the quality property and aroma characterization of cooked waxy and nonwaxy proso millet
Authors: Zhu Yulian , Zhao Ning , Chang Lei , Jiang Fan , Feng Baili , Gao Xiaoli , Liang Jibao , Li Rui , Du Shuang‐kui
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives

Proso millet is a traditional grain that can be divided into waxy and nonwaxy varieties based on amylose content. However, research on different varieties of cooked proso millet is limited, especially as a whole grain. This paper investigated the quality properties and aroma characterization of cooked nonwaxy proso millet (NPM) and waxy proso millet (WPM).

Findings

Scanning electron microscopy images showed that cooked NPM exhibited a more compact structure, whereas cooked WPM displayed a porous structure. Cooked NPM presented higher water absorption ratio, expansion ratio, hardness, and better chewiness than cooked WPM. Correlation analysis indicated that the texture properties were positively correlated with the cooking characteristics as well as the amylose and protein contents. The resistant starch content of cooked NPM (35.97%) was higher than that of cooked WPM (28.85%). Aroma analysis revealed that cooked NPM and WPM contained 56 and 67 volatile substances, respectively.

Conclusion

Cooked NPM and WPM exhibited different properties mainly attributed to the various amylose and protein contents.

Significance and Novelty

These findings may provide a theoretical basis for the processing and commercial development of the proso millet resource.
Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Nano Calcium Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Tayeb Aghareed M. , Abdel-Hamid Shereen M. S. , Osman Randa M. , Farouk Sabah Mohamed
Published: September 2023

The use of nano calcium oxide as a catalyst in biodiesel production has gained attention due to its high catalytic activity, low cost, and environmental friendliness. It efficiently converts triglycerides to fatty acids and methyl esters. In the present study, nano CaO was prepared by precipitation and characterized by various techniques. The results showed that the nano CaO has high purity, nanoscale crystal size, good thermal stability, and high specific surface area. Biodiesel was produced by transesterification from waste cooking oil, methanol, and the nano catalyst. Response surface methodology was applied to predict the optimum parameters for the production of the biodiesel based on its yield. The produced biodiesel was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and GC‐MS and evaluated according to ASTM D6571.
Challenges in the Direct Detection of Chirality‐induced Spin Selectivity: Investigation of Foldamer‐based Donor‐acceptor Dyads
Authors: Privitera Alberto , Faccio Davide , Giuri Demetra , Latawiec Elisabeth I. , Genovese Damiano , Tassinari Francesco , Mummolo Liviana , Chiesa Mario , Fontanesi Claudio , Salvadori Enrico , Cornia Andrea , Wasielewski Michael R. , Tomasini Claudia , Sessoli Roberta
Published: September 2023

Over the past two decades, the chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect was reported in several experiments disclosing a unique connection between chirality and electron spin. Recent theoretical works highlighted time‐resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (trEPR) as a powerful tool to directly detect the spin polarization resulting from CISS. Here, we report a first attempt to detect CISS at the molecular level by linking the pyrene electron donor to the fullerene acceptor with chiral peptide bridges of different length and electric dipole moment. The dyads are investigated by an array of techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, steady‐state and transient optical spectroscopies, and trEPR. Despite the promising energy alignment of the electronic levels, our multi‐technique analysis reveals no evidence of electron transfer (ET), highlighting the challenges of spectroscopic detection of CISS. However, the analysis allows the formulation of guidelines for the design of chiral organic model systems suitable to directly probe CISS‐polarized ET.
Frustrated Lewis Pair Chelation in the p‐Block
Authors: Frenette Brandon L. , Rivard Eric
Published: September 2023

Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have been the subject of considerable study since the field's inception. While much of the research into FLPs has centered around small molecule activation for diverse stoichiometric and catalytic transformations, intramolecular FLPs also show promise as chelating ligands. The cooperative action of Lewis basic and acidic moieties enables intramolecular FLPs to stabilize low oxidation state centers and (consequently) reactive molecular fragments through a donor‐acceptor approach, making them an attractive ligand class in main group element chemistry. This review outlines the state of FLP chelation to date throughout the p‐block, encompassing primarily groups 13–16.
Utilising the Nanozymatic Activity of Copper‐Functionalised Mesoporous C3N5 for Sensing Biomolecules
Authors: Patel Vaishwik , Ramadass Kavitha , Morrison Brodie , Britto Jolitta Sheri John , Lee Jang Mee , Mahasivam Sanje , Weerathunge Pabudi , Bansal Vipul , Yi Jiabao , Singh Gurwinder , Vinu Ajayan
Published: September 2023

Designing unique nanomaterials for the selective sensing of biomolecules is of significant interest in the field of nanobiotechnology. In this work, we demonstrated the synthesis of ordered Cu nanoparticle‐functionalised mesoporous C3N5 that has unique peroxidase‐like nanozymatic activity for the ultrasensitive and selective detection of glucose and glutathione. A nano hard‐templating technique together with the in‐situ polymerisation and self‐assembly of Cu and high N‐containing CN precursor was adopted to introduce mesoporosity as well as high N and Cu content in mesoporous C3N5. Due to the ordered structure and highly dispersed Cu in the mesoporous C3N5, a large enhancement of the peroxidase mimetic activity in the oxidation of a redox dye in the presence of hydrogen peroxide could be obtained. Additionally, the optimised Cu‐functionalised mesoporous C3N5 exhibited excellent sensitivity to glutathione with a low detection limit of 2.0 ppm. The strong peroxidase activity of the Cu‐functionalised mesoporous C3N5 was also effectively used for the sensing of glucose with a detection limit of 0.4 mM through glucose oxidation with glucose oxidase. This unique Cu‐functionalised mesoporous C3N5 has the potential for detecting various molecules in the environment as well as for next‐generation glucose and glutathione diagnostic devices.
Es braucht den europäischen Schulterschluss
Authors: Eirich Stephan
Published: September 2023

Die Batterieproduktion hat in Europa Fahrt aufgenommen, doch zum Durchbruch braucht es intelligente und nachhaltige Fertigungsprozesse und die Zusammenarbeit auf europäischer Ebene. Stephan Eirich, Mitglied des Vorstands der VDMA‐Fachabteilung Batterieproduktion und Geschäftsführender Gesellschafter Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich Hardheim, gibt im Interview einen Einblick in die Prozessschritte, beschreibt die aktuellen Herausforderungen für den deutschen Anlagenbau und für die Entwicklung und gibt einen Ausblick auf die erfolgsversprechenden Batterietechnologien der nächsten Jahre.
Exotischer Explosionsschutz
Authors: Truderung Udo
Published: September 2023

Reinigungsarbeiten in Behältern unter Ex‐Schutz‐Bedingungen, Aufsaugen brennbarer Flüssigkeiten oder Substanzen mit unbekannten Eigenschaften bei Havarie‐Einsätzen: Das sind Anwendungsfälle, die mit konventionellen Ex‐Saugern nicht abzudecken sind – wohl aber mit einem individuell konfigurierten Industriesaugern aus einem bewährten Baukastenprogramm.
Qualitätssicherung in der Arzneimittellogistik
Authors: Kolass Rolf
Published: September 2023

In der Herstellung von Arzneimitteln wird jeder Aspekt der Produktion sorgfältig kontrolliert, wobei alle Schlüsselfaktoren, die sich auf die Produktqualität oder ‐wirksamkeit auswirken könnten, in Echtzeit überwacht werden. Speziell für solche regulierten Anwendungen wurde das Umweltüberwachungssystem Rotronic Monitoring System (RMS) zur Qualitätssicherung entwickelt.
Effect of agitation and aeration on gas dispersion efficiency in coaxial mixers containing yield‐pseudoplastic fluids: Experimental and numerical analysis
Authors: Barros Paloma L. , Ein‐Mozaffari Farhad , Lohi Ali
Published: September 2023

Aerated stirred vessels are commonly employed to enhance gas dispersion. However, the associated high energy consumption is a challenging feature, particularly when dealing with complex non‐Newtonian fluids. Coaxial mixers comprising a central impeller and a close‐clearance impeller have emerged as an energy‐efficient alternative that effectively intensifies gas dispersion. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of aeration and agitation on the gas dispersion effectiveness of a coaxial mixer containing a yield‐pseudoplastic fluid. An anchor‐pitched blade turbine was employed to disperse air into a 1 wt.% xanthan gum solution, and the analysis primarily focused on characterizing the gas holdup and fluid flow behaviour. Gas holdup data were obtained experimentally using electrical resistance tomography (ERT), while computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations provided a detailed analysis of fluid flow patterns within the coaxial mixer. The rotational speed of the impeller exhibited a non‐monotonic effect on the gas holdup, and a significant influence of the interaction between variables was identified. For instance, the experimental data showed that the aeration effect varied with the anchor speed. Nevertheless, the variables' interaction effect was explained by the change in flow pattern observed numerically. Furthermore, the CFD results demonstrated that high gas holdup does not necessarily indicate intensified mixing. Therefore, combining experimental data and numerical simulations enables a more accurate characterization of mixing performance. These findings contribute to the understanding and improvement of mixing performance in such a complex system, which is crucial for designing efficient operations.
Development and validation of a decision tree for distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas with mucinous features and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wein Alexander N. , Lin Chieh‐Yu , Ritter Jon H. , Bernadt Cory T.
Published: September 2023

Background

Diagnosis of mucinous carcinomas in the lung on transbronchial biopsy or fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) samples can be difficult for the pathologist, because primary and metastatic tumors can have similar morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics. Correct diagnosis is key to determine appropriate therapy and to distinguish primary from metastatic disease. This distinction often falls to the pathologist in patients with a history of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon. Despite its drawbacks, immunohistochemistry is often employed to help assign a primary site for mucinous adenocarcinomas in the lung. However, the published data in this regard is limited to studies that use only a handful of markers.

Methods

The authors examined the staining characteristics and heterogeneity of CK7, TTF‐1, NapsinA, CK20, CDX2, and SATB2 in resection specimens of pulmonary adenocarcinomas with mucinous features and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Results

Based on the heterogeneity, sensitivity, and specificity in this cohort, the authors developed a decision tree based on TTF‐1, SATB2, CDX2, and CK7 to categorize tumors as primary or metastatic lesions. Validation of the decision tree in FNA specimens from the lungs and lung‐draining lymph nodes showed 84% concurrence in cases from the lung and 100% concurrence in cases from the lymph node. In cases where the algorithm assigned a primary site, it was 95% accurate compared to the multidisciplinary diagnosis.

Conclusions

This method holds promise in distinguishing primary versus metastatic lesions in resection, biopsy, and FNA samples from the lungs.
Convergence of the self‐dual U(1)‐Yang–Mills–Higgs energies to the (n−2)$(n-2)$‐area functional
Authors: Parise Davide , Pigati Alessandro , Stern Daniel
Published: September 2023

Given a hermitian line bundle on a closed Riemannian manifold , the self‐dual Yang–Mills–Higgs energies are a natural family of functionals
defined for couples consisting of a section  and a hermitian connection ∇ with curvature . While the critical points of these functionals have been well‐studied in dimension two by the gauge theory community, it was shown in [52] that critical points in higher dimension converge as (in an appropriate sense) to minimal submanifolds of codimension two, with strong parallels to the correspondence between the Allen–Cahn equations and minimal hypersurfaces. In this paper, we complement this idea by showing the Γ‐convergence of to (2π times) the codimension two area: more precisely, given a family of couples with , we prove that a suitable gauge invariant Jacobian converges to an integral ‐cycle Γ, in the homology class dual to the Euler class , with mass . We also obtain a recovery sequence, for any integral cycle in this homology class. Finally, we apply these techniques to compare min‐max values for the ‐area from the Almgren–Pitts theory with those obtained from the Yang–Mills–Higgs framework, showing that the former values always provide a lower bound for the latter. As an ingredient, we also establish a Huisken‐type monotonicity result along the gradient flow of .
Molecular Oxygen Trimer: Multiplet Structures and Stability
Authors: Castro‐Gómez L. Beatriz , Campos‐Martínez José , Hernández Marta I. , Hernández‐Lamoneda Ramón
Published: September 2023

We present a detailed theoretical study of the molecular oxygen trimer where the potential energy surfaces of the seven multiplet states have been calculated by means of a pair approximation with very accurate dimer ab initio potentials. In order to obtain all the states a matrix representation of the potential using the uncoupled spin representation has been applied. The
and
states are nearly degenerate and low‐lying isomers appear for most multiplicities. A crucial point in deciding the relative stabilities is the zero‐point energy which represents a sizable fraction of the electronic well‐depth. Therefore, we have performed accurate diffusion Monte Carlo studies of the lowest state in each multiplicity. Analysis of the wavefunction allows a deeper interpretation of the cluster structures, finding that they are significantly floppy in most cases.
Photocatalytic Dehydroformylation of Benzyl Alcohols to Arenes
Authors: Kolb Daniel , Almasalma Ahmad A. , Morgenstern Martin , Ganser Leon , Weidacher Isabel , König Burkhard
Published: September 2023

In the last decades, many C−C bond‐forming reactions have been developed, whereas less attention has been paid to the design of strategies involving C−C bond cleavage. We report a photocatalytic dehydroformylation sequence for the conversion of benzyl alcohols to arenes in a one‐pot two‐step process. Herein, the initial dehydrogenation of the benzyl alcohols to the corresponding benzaldehydes is combined with an additional decarbonylation step yielding arenes. As a result, a broad range of benzyl alcohols can be easily transformed in short times under mild photocatalytic conditions. The conducted mechanistic studies indicate that our cooperative hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)‐cobalt system proceeds through the formation of α‐alkoxy‐ and acyl radicals as key intermediates, involving concomitant syngas (CO+H2) generation.
Energy‐efficient selection of relay for UWSNs in the Internet of underwater things
Authors: Haseeb Saad , Khalil Afzal Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad , Raza Jafri Mohsin , Raza Naeem
Published: September 2023

Internet of underwater things (IoUT) for underwater monitoring is known worldwide for smart interlinked underwater things that exhibit the capacity to monitor the vast unexplored waters of the oceans. Concept of IoUT has been derived from Internet of Things (IoT) in order to acquire the exquisite benefits of networking in underwater environment. IOT standards and technologies do not work well in underwater environment, such as infrared, Wi‐Fi, and radio frequency (RF) due to high channel errors and limited range up to few meters. Acoustic waves, however, can be used to communicate both in shallow and deep oceans due to their low frequency (kHZ) signal. In context of IoUT, communication based on acoustic links enables different applications such as underwater exploration, environmental monitoring, and disaster prevention even without availability of GPS facility like free space environment. In unpredictable and changing underwater environment, energy efficiency becomes a major challenge during data routing along multiple devices. Batteries of the sensor nodes, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) cannot be removed with easiness and difficult to recharge, and the only way out is efficient sensor node selection for relaying to save massive amount of energy. Energy aware channel routing protocol (ECARP) does not consider the depth of the node while selecting the relay nodes to forward the data. Relay node selection in underwater Internet of things (IOUT) is a primary problem addressed in this research based on channel state information (CSI) for establishing best path to relay information among IOUT devices. Our major focus was to develop better technique for the relay node selection using a CSI and select relay node by looking at its depth from ocean surface and residual energy in the proposed ED‐CARP. Simulation results validate that proposed ED‐CARP can decrease the communication cost and increase the network lifetime.
Tryptamine: A privileged scaffold for the management of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Singh Yash P. , Kumar Harish
Published: September 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and irreversible neurodegenerative disease associated with aging. It is characterized by the progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. Although the exact etiology of AD is not well explored, several factors, such as the deposition of amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, presence of low levels of acetylcholine, and generation of oxidative stress, are key mediators in the progression of AD. Currently, the clinical treatment options for AD are limited and are based on cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine), N‐methyl‐
d‐aspartic acid receptor antagonists (e.g., memantine), and the recently approved Aβ modulator (e.g., aducanumab). Tryptamine (2‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)ethan‐1‐amine) is a small molecule that contains an indole nucleus and an ethylamine side chain. It is also the active metabolite of tryptophan. It possesses a wide range of biological activities related to neurodegenerative disorders, such as ChE inhibition, Aβ aggregation inhibition, antioxidant effects, monoamine‐oxidase inhibition, and neuroprotection. Several tryptamine‐based hybrid analogs are currently being investigated as multifunctional agents for the development of novel hybrids for AD treatment. Thus, this review article aims to provide in‐depth insights into the research progress and strategies for designing multifunctional agents used in Alzheimer's therapy.
Traditional versus virtual partial hospital programme for eating disorders: Feasibility and preliminary comparison of effects
Authors: Penwell Taylor E. , Smith Melanie , Ortiz Shelby N. , Brooks Gayle , Thompson‐Brenner Heather
Published: September 2023

Objective

Minimal research has examined teletherapy for group or intensive eating disorder (ED) treatment, particularly partial hospital programme (PHP). This study compared treatment outcomes for individuals treated before and after a pandemic‐driven implementation of virtual PHP.

Method

Patients received care at ED treatment centres using the Renfrew Unified Treatment for Eating Disorders and Comorbidity. Patients treated with virtual PHP were compared to patients treated with traditional PHP. Measures of ED symptomology and behaviours, depressive symptoms, anxiety severity, anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, mindfulness, and body mass index (BMI; reported for anorexia nervosa [AN] patients only) were collected at intake and discharge. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of treatment group on outcomes, controlling for intake score, comorbidity, discharge status, AN diagnosis, and step‐down status.

Results

Differences in treatment type were only found for binge eating frequency, with those in virtual PHP reporting significantly lower binge eating episodes at discharge than those in traditional PHP. Body mass index showed significantly less improvement in virtual PHP than in traditional PHP.

Conclusions

Preliminary results suggest virtual PHP is feasible and effective, potentially increasing access to evidence‐based, intensive ED treatment. However, additional research is needed to establish efficacious support for weight gain among individuals with AN in virtual programs.
The importance of grain‐related shear velocity in predicting multi‐monthly dune growth
Authors: Strypsteen Glenn
Published: September 2023

This study assesses the accuracy of the aeolian transport model proposed by van Rijn and Strypsteen in 2020 in predicting sediment transport rates for dune growth, with a focus on the importance of grain‐related shear velocity. A 9‐month dataset of local and regional wind characteristics and dune growth from a new artificial dune with planted marram grass in an environment with minor supply limitations was analysed. The study site is located in Oosteroever, Belgium. The results revealed that utilizing local measured overall shear velocities resulted in significant overprediction of dune volume changes. Incorporating sub‐models for grain‐related bed roughness and shear velocity improved the predictions of dune growth drastically with high statistical results (r2 = 0.98 and RMSE = 0.64 m3/m). The primary driver contributing to dune growth at the study site was due to oblique onshore moderate winds of 10 m/s, as revealed from a frequency‐magnitude analysis. The model could be used with either local wind measurements or regional data transformed to local beach conditions. The study highlights the importance of considering grain‐related shear velocity in future studies to improve the prediction of sand transport rates and enhance our understanding of dune evolution.
Sensory evaluation of axillary odour samples of younger and older adults by a trained panel
Authors: Owsienko Diana , Schwinn Leo , Eskofier Bjoern M. , Kiesswetter Eva , Loos Helene M.
Published: September 2023

It has been reported that a distinct ‘old person smell’ can develop with advancing age, however, this odour has not yet been sufficiently described in previous research. Sensory evaluation by a trained panel might be useful to describe alterations with age in body odour (BO). To evaluate the alterations and achieve first insights into the ‘old person smell’, this pilot study determined the odour profiles of BO samples from both a younger and an older age group with a trained panel. In addition, we aimed to assess whether the panellists can recognize the age group based on the smell of the BO samples. Eight younger (20–28 years) and eight older (80–83 years) participants sampled their BO by wearing a cotton T‐shirt for one night. The samples were sensorially evaluated by a trained panel, including ratings of total intensity and pleasantness. Additionally, an age labelling task was performed as a forced‐choice decision. Results revealed that the odour profiles of the BO samples were very similar for both age groups. Nevertheless, trained panellists were able to predict the age group with significantly higher accuracy (p = .042) than expected by chance (61% mean accuracy over all panellists). Furthermore, a linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier achieved an average accuracy of 69%. This finding indicates that the age of a person affects the BO, though it is not reflected in significantly distinct odour profiles.
How to detect and forecast corporate fraud by media reports? An approach using machine learning and qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Qiu Shi , Luo Yuansheng
Published: September 2023

The media plays an important role in detecting corporate financial fraud. However, little systematic research exists on the impact of media reports on corporate fraud detection; thus, our understanding of the impact is limited. Therefore, we are committed to determining how the configuration of different media report content systematically detects corporate fraud by logistical regression, grounded theory and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). First, the media reports are classified into three major categories and 35 subclasses to determine their features through fraud triangle theory and grounded theory. Then, based on a dataset of 110 fraudulent listed companies and 110 matched listed companies from 2010 to 2020, three major features comprising 10 subclasses are identified by the logistical regression method. The causal configurations of the features of media reports that detect corporate fraud are explored using the QCA method. The results show that five particular associations can interpret corporate fraud revelation by meeting the equifinality and asymmetric causality principles. Finally, the combined model is proposed. Through 56 fraudulent listed companies and 56 matched listed companies from 2021 to 2022, the combined model is proven to be most effective in detecting corporate fraud. In summary, we offer theoretical contributions to corporate fraud detection and empirical experiences for corporate managers and regulators.
Efficiency and productivity analysis of maternal and infant healthcare services in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Ibrahim Mustapha D.
Published: September 2023

The paper examines the efficiency and productivity of Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries towards maternal and infant healthcare services between 2015 and 2019. Data envelopment analysis is utilised to evaluate efficiency, and Malmquist‐Luenberger's (ML) productivity estimation is employed for productivity analysis. The results indicate inefficiency in SSA maternal and infant healthcare services. Average efficiency is pegged at 85%, and 60% of the countries evaluated had below‐average efficiency. Effects of socioeconomic dynamics of countries were analysed. Preliminary estimations on the impact of Gross domestic product (GDP), education, urban population, and total population on efficiency are not significant. Although GDP and education sometimes show that they influence efficiency positively. Sensitivity analysis indicates efficiency to be more responsive to health expenditure, as well as to nurses and midwives. ML Productivity decomposition into technical efficiency change and technological change indicates improvement in technical efficiency as the principal driver of efficiency and productivity. Policy recommendations are made in line with the findings, requirements, and constraints of SSA countries.
Insight into the dynamics of a Newtonian fluid through a rectangular domain with an emphasis on heat transfer
Authors: Ambethkar Vusala , Basumatary Lakshmi Rani
Published: September 2023

Fluid flow coupled with temperature effects has attained prime importance due to its huge applications in different fields like casting and welding industries, geothermal extraction, and lubrication technologies. The present study is a novel numerical method for computations for fluid flow with temperature effects in a rectangular domain. A control volume method is employed as a numerical method for solving continuity, momentum, and energy equations. Owing to the difficulties associated with solving these governing equations, numerical computations are presented in the computational grid by using the control volume method. A modified algorithm is suggested for the current problem. The magnitude of the velocity, temperature, and pressure at different nodes in horizontal and vertical directions of the computational domain is investigated. Along the diagonal nodes, the pressure declines and then grows consistently. The temperature for mercury is higher than for water at a particular node.
The myth of business cycle sector rotation
Authors: Molchanov Alexander , Stangl Jeffrey
Published: September 2023

Conventional wisdom suggests that sectors/industries provide systematic performance and that business cycle rotation strategies generate excess market performance. However, we find no evidence of systematic sector performance where popular belief anticipates it will occur. At best, conventional sector rotation generates modest outperformance, which quickly diminishes after allowing for transaction costs and incorrectly timing the business cycle. The results are robust to alternative sector and business cycle definitions. We find that relaxing sector rotation assumptions and letting any industry excess return predict future returns of other industries results in predictability not significantly different than what would be expected by random chance.
Cervical assessment certification and its impact on performance quality in the context of universal cervical screening
Authors: Stratulat Vasilica , Melamed Nir , Barrett Jon , Ladhani Noor N. N. , Anabusi Saja , Quaglietta Paula , Hack Kalesha , Ronzoni Stefania
Published: September 2023

Objective

To assess the impact of the introduction of universal transvaginal cervical screening and certification on the quality of cervical length ultrasound images.

Methods

The present study included a retrospective cohort of singleton pregnancies that underwent transvaginal cervical length measurement at the anatomical scan (180/7 and 236/7 weeks) before (period A, 2015–2017) and after (period B, 2017–2019) the introduction of universal transvaginal cervical length screening. Independent observers blindly evaluated the images obtained for cervical length using a qualitative scoring method based on five criteria, according to the Fetal Medicine Foundation.

Results

In all, 6013 patients met the inclusion criteria, 3333 in period A and 2680 in period B. Maternal characteristics and risk factors for preterm birth were similar between the two periods. The acceptance of transvaginal cervical length measurement in period B was 95.5% in the overall cohort and 100% in the subgroup of high‐risk patients. The quality score was significantly higher in period B than in period A. Among the image quality criteria, the anterior/posterior ratio, the correct magnification of the images, and the calipers' placement contributed significantly to the improved quality score in period B. Most of the sonographers performed better in period B, irrespective of the years of experience, but certificate holders obtained higher scores than non‐certified sonographers, particularly those in mid‐career. The identification of short cervix was significantly higher in period B than in period A.

Conclusion

The implementation of universal transvaginal cervical length screening and the certification process are associated with improved quality of cervical length images, even among expert sonographers and in the presence of anatomical pitfalls.
Radiomics in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wu Long , Wu Huan , Li Chen , Zhang Baofang , Li Xiaoyun , Zhen Yunhuan , Li Haiyang
Published: September 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Radiomics, an emerging field, utilizes quantitative imaging features extracted from medical images for CRC diagnosis, staging, treatment response assessment, and prognostication. This review highlights the potential of radiomics for personalized CRC management. Radiomics enables noninvasive tumor characterization, aiding in early detection and accurate diagnosis, and it can be used to predict tumor stage, lymph node involvement, and prognosis. Furthermore, radiomics guides personalized therapies by assessing the treatment response and identifying patients who could benefit. Challenges include standardizing imaging protocols and analysis techniques. Robust validation frameworks and user‐friendly software are needed for the integration of radiomics into clinical practice. Despite challenges, radiomics offers valuable insights into tumor biology, treatment response, and prognosis in CRC. Overcoming technical and clinical hurdles will unlock its full potential in CRC management.
Development and circuitry of the tunicate larval Motor Ganglion, a putative hindbrain/spinal cord homolog
Authors: Piekarz Katarzyna M. , Stolfi Alberto
Published: September 2023

The Motor Ganglion (MG) is a small collection of neurons that control the swimming movements of the tunicate tadpole larva. Situated at the base of the tail, molecular and functional comparisons suggest that may be a homolog of the spinal cord and/or hindbrain (“rhombospinal” region) of vertebrates. Here we review the most current knowledge of the development, connectivity, functions, and unique identities of the neurons that comprise the MG, drawn mostly from studies inCionaspp. The simple cell lineages, minimal cellular composition, and comprehensively mapped “connectome” of theCionaMG all make this an excellent model for studying the development and physiology of motor control in aquatic larvae.