bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Afferent projections to theCalca/CGRP-expressing parabrachial neurons in mice
Authors: Korkutata Mustafa , De Luca Roberto , Fitzgerald Bridget , Arrigoni Elda , Scammell Thomas E.
Published: May 2024

The parabrachial nucleus (PB), located in the dorsolateral pons, contains primarily glutamatergic neurons which regulate responses to a variety of interoceptive and cutaneous sensory signals. The lateral PB subpopulation expressing theCalcagene which produces the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) relays signals related to threatening stimuli such as hypercarbia, pain, and nausea, yet the afferents to these neurons are only partially understood. We mapped the afferent projections to the lateral part of the PB in mice using conventional cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) retrograde tracing, and then used conditional rabies virus retrograde tracing to map monosynaptic inputs specifically targeting the PBCalca/CGRPneurons. Using vesicular GABA (vGAT) and glutamate (vGLUT2) transporter reporter mice, we found that lateral PB neurons receive GABAergic afferents from regions such as the lateral part of the central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral dorsal subnucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, substantia innominata, and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. Additionally, they receive glutamatergic afferents from the infralimbic and insular cortex, paraventricular nucleus, parasubthalamic nucleus, trigeminal complex, medullary reticular nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract. Using anterograde tracing and confocal microscopy, we then identified close axonal appositions between these afferents and PBCalca/CGRPneurons. Finally, we used channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping to test whether some of these inputs directly synapse upon the PBCalca/CGRPneurons. These findings provide a comprehensive neuroanatomical framework for understanding the afferent projections regulating the PBCalca/CGRPneurons.
Assessing DxGPT: Diagnosing Rare Diseases with Various Large Language Models
Authors: do Olmo Juanjo , Logroño Javier , Mascías Carlos , Martínez Marcelo , Isla Julián
Published: May 2024

Diagnosing rare diseases is a significant challenge in healthcare, with patients often experiencing long delays and misdiagnoses. The large number of rare diseases and the difficulty for doctors to be familiar with all of them contribute to this problem. Artificial intelligence, particularly large language models (LLMs), has shown promise in improving the diagnostic process by leveraging their extensive knowledge to help doctors navigate the complexities of diagnosing rare diseases.

Foundation 29 presents a comprehensive evaluation of DxGPT, a web-based platform designed to assist healthcare professionals in the diagnostic process for rare diseases. The platform currently utilizes GPT-4, but this study also compares its performance with other large language models, including Claude 3, Gemini 1.5 Pro, Llama, Mistral, Mixtral, and Cohere Command R+. It is crucial to emphasize that DxGPT is not a medical device but rather a decision support tool that aims to aid in clinical reasoning.

This study extends beyond initial synthetic patient cases, incorporating real-world data from the RAMEDIS and Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) datasets. The analysis followed two main metrics: Strict Accuracy (P1), how often the first diagnostic suggestion agreed with the real diagnosis, and Top-5 Accuracy (P1 + P5), how often the right diagnosis was in the top five suggestions. The results show a complex picture of diagnostic accuracy, with performance varying significantly across models and datasets:

On the synthetic dataset, closed models like GPT-4, Claude, and Gemini exhibited relatively high accuracy. Open models like Llama 3 and Mixtral performed reasonably well, though lagging behind.

On the RAMEDIS rare disease cases, Claude 3 Opus model demonstrated 55% Strict Accuracy and 70% Top-5 Accuracy, outperforming other closed models. Open models like Llama 3 and Mixtral showed moderate accuracy.

The PUMCH dataset proved challenging for all models, with the highest Strict Accuracy at 59.46% (GPT-4 Turbo 1106) and Top-5 Accuracy at 64.86%.

These findings demonstrate the potential of DxGPT and LLMs in improving diagnostic methods for rare diseases. However, they also emphasize the need for further validation, particularly in real-world clinical settings, and comparison with human expert diagnoses. Successful integration of AI into medical diagnostics will require collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and regulatory bodies to ensure safety, efficacy, and ethical deployment.
Serum Potassium Monitoring using AI-enabled Smart Watch Electrocardiograms
Authors: Chiu I-Min , Wu Po-Jung , Zhang Huan , Hughes J. Weston , Rogers Albert J , Jalilian Laleh , Perez Marco , Lin Chun-Hung Richard , Lee Chien-Te , Zou James , Ouyang David
Published: May 2024

Background

Hyperkalemia poses a significant risk of sudden cardiac death, especially for those with end-stage renal diseases (ESRD). Smartwatches with ECG capabilities offer a promising solution for continuous, non-invasive monitoring using AI.

Objectives

To develop an AI-ECG algorithm to predict serum potassium level in ESRD patient with smartwatch generated ECG waveforms.

Methods

A cohort of 152,508 patients with 293,557 ECGs paired serum potassium levels obtained within one hour at Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC) was used to train an AI-ECG model (‘Kardio-Net’) to predict serum potassium level. The model was further fine-tuned on 4,337 ECGs from 1,463 patients with ESRD using inputs from 12-lead and single-lead ECGs. Kardio-Net was evaluated in held-out test cohorts from CSMC and Stanford Healthcare (SHC) as well as a prospective international cohort of 40 ESRD patients with smartwatch ECGs at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH).

Results

The Kardio-Net, when applied to 12-lead ECGs, identified severe hyperkalemia with an AUC of 0.852 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.527 mEq/L. In external validation at SHC, the model achieved an AUC of 0.849 and an MAE of 0.599 mEq/L. For single-lead ECGs, Kardio-Net detected hyperkalemia with an AUC of 0.876 and had an MAE of 0.575 mEq/L in the CSMC test cohort. Using prospectively obtained smartwatch data, the AUC was 0.831, with an MAE of 0.580 mEq/L.

Conclusions

We validate a deep learning model to predict serum potassium levels from both 12-lead ECGs and single-lead smartwatch data, demonstrating its utility for remote monitoring of hyperkalemia.

Condensed Abstract

Hyperkalemia significantly increases the risk of sudden cardiac death in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. We developed ‘Kardio-Net,’ an AI-driven ECG model, using data from 152,508 patients at Cedars Sinai Medical Center, and refined it with ECGs from 1,463 ESRD patients using inputs from 12-lead and single-lead ECGs. This model facilitates continuous and non-invasive potassium monitoring, leveraging both traditional and smartwatch-generated ECGs. Tested across various cohorts, including a prospective smartwatch group, Kardio-Net achieved an AUC range of 0.807 to 0.876, demonstrating its effectiveness for real-time hyperkalemia monitoring.
THE PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN IN AFRICA: AN OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS WITH META-ANALYSIS INCLUDING MORE THAN 100 DISTINCT PRIMARY STUDIES
Authors: Martinez-Calderon Javier , Infante-Cano Marta , Matias-Soto Javier , García-Muñoz Cristina
Published: May 2024

Objective

This overview of systematic reviews aimed to summarize the point, annual, and lifetime prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in African countries.

Methods

The CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed were searched until October 6, 2023. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses evaluating the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain were included. The quality of reviews was assessed with AMSTAR 2 and the overlap among reviews was calculated.

Results

Six reviews were included. The pooled point prevalence rate of low back pain was 39%. The pooled annual prevalence rates of low back pain ranged from 54.05% to 64.07% among meta-analyses. The pooled annual prevalence rates of upper back pain, elbow pain, wrist and/or hand pain, knee and/or leg pain, foot and/or ankle pain, and hip and/or thigh pain were 27.1%, 19.7%, 24.2%, 25.0%, 20.2%, and 15.5%, respectively. The pooled lifetime prevalence rate of low back pain was 47%. A slight overlap was found among low back pain reviews. Ethiopia, Nigeria, and South Africa were mainly studied in low back pain. The rest of types of musculoskeletal pain were only studied in Ethiopia.

Discussion

The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain is high. More than 100 primary studies have been meta-analyzed on this topic, underlying the high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in African countries. Important methodological concerns were detected and discussed that can help researchers to improve and guide the future agenda in this field.

Funding

None.

Review protocol

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/V72FY.
Availability and Utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Adolescents of Godawari Municipality, Nepal: a Cross sectional Study
Authors: Gautam Laxmi , Maharjan Aastha , Bhattarai Harikrishna , Gautam Sujan
Published: May 2024

Background

Adolescent sexual and reproductive health is getting due attention in developing countries because investing among adolescent can bring multiple benefits. This study aims to assess the availability, utilization and explore different factors affecting the utilization of SRH services by adolescents of Godawari Municipality.

Methods

cross-sectional, mixed-method study was conducted using the Anderson’s model of health service utilization in 3 government secondary schools and three local health institutions in Godawari Municipality. A self-administered questionnaire was used among adolescents aged 15- 19 (n = 416) and Key Informants Interview (KII) and observation were done in health institutions. Quantitative data was analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 and thematic analysis was done for qualitative data.

Results

The mean age of the respondents was 17.31±0.99 years. Nearly one-third of them (30.63%) had not heard about Adolescents Friendly Health Services. Knowledge of ASRH, AFHS (AOR=2.814, 95% C.I=1.129-7.013) and conversation with parents (AOR=2.069, 95% C.I=1.094-3.912), availability of ASRH (AOR=2.801, 95% C.I=0.810-9.687) had significant relationship with utilization of Health Services. The adolescents’ perceived feeling of the need for ASRH services is significantly associated with the utilization of ASRH services (p=< .0001). Only 13.22% of them had ever used ASRH services and the reasons for not using services was the lack of realization of the need of services (60.39%) while 14.55% of them felt that privacy was not maintained at all. The KII found the number of adolescents visiting Health Facility (HF) was very less and those visiting for the SRH related services were rare. The observation showed none of the HF met the adolescents friendly criteria set by government even when they were once certified.

Conclusion

Knowledge of respondents and their parents as well as availability of the services had significant role in the utilization of ASRH service by the adolescents. Awareness about the importance of health care services among the adolescent and the availability of services is essential.
Impacts of Perinatal Nicotine Exposure on nAChR Expression and Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission in the Mouse Auditory Brainstem
Authors: Wollet Mackenna , Hernandez Abram , Nip Kaila , Pugh Jason , Kim Jun Hee
Published: May 2024

Exposure to nicotine in utero, often due to maternal smoking, significantly elevates the risk of auditory processing deficits in offspring. This study investigated the effects of chronic nicotine exposure during a critical developmental period on the functional expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), glutamatergic synaptic transmission, and auditory processing in the mouse auditory brainstem. We evaluated the functionality of nAChRs at a central synapse and explored the impact of perinatal nicotine exposure (PNE) on synaptic currents and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) in mice. Our findings revealed developmentally regulated changes in nAChR expression in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) neurons and presynaptic Calyx of Held terminals. PNE was associated with enhanced acetylcholine-evoked postsynaptic currents and compromised glutamatergic neurotransmission, highlighting the critical role of nAChR activity in the early stages of auditory synaptic development. Additionally, PNE resulted in elevated ABR thresholds and diminished peak amplitudes, suggesting significant impairment in central auditory processing without cochlear dysfunction. This study provides novel insights into the synaptic disturbances that contribute to auditory deficits resulting from chronic prenatal nicotine exposure, underlining potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Filament formation activates protease and ring nuclease activities of CRISPR SAVED-Lon
Authors: Smalakyte Dalia , Ruksenaite Audrone , Sasnauskas Giedrius , Tamulaitiene Giedre , Tamulaitis Gintautas
Published: May 2024

To combat phage infection, type III CRISPR-Cas systems utilize cyclic oligoadenylates (cAn) signaling to activate various auxiliary effectors, including the CRISPR-associated SAVED-Lon protease CalpL, which forms a tripartite effector system together with an anti-σ factor, CalpT, and an ECF-like σ factor, CalpS. Here we report the characterization of theCandidatusCloacimonas acidaminovorans CalpL-CalpT-CalpS. We demonstrate that cA4binding triggers CalpL filament formation and activates it to cleave CalpT within the CalpT-CalpS dimer. This cleavage exposes the CalpT C-degron, which targets it for further degradation by cellular proteases. Consequently, CalpS is released to bind to RNA polymerase, causing growth arrest inE. coli. Furthermore, the CalpL-CalpT-CalpS system is regulated by the SAVED domain of CalpL, which is a ring nuclease that cleaves cA4in a sequential three-step mechanism. These findings provide key mechanistic details for the activation, proteolytic events, and regulation of the signaling cascade in the type III CRISPR-Cas immunity.
Comparing MEG and EEG measurement set-ups for a brain–computer interface based on selective auditory attention
Authors: Kurmanavičiūtė Dovilė , Kataja Hanna , Parkkonen Lauri
Published: May 2024

Auditory attention modulates auditory evoked responses to target vs. non-target sounds in electro- and magnetoencephalographic (EEG/MEG) recordings. Employing whole-scalp MEG recordings and offline classification algorithms has been shown to enable high accuracy in tracking the target of auditory attention. Here, we investigated the decrease in accuracy when moving from the whole-scalp MEG to lower channel count EEG recordings and when training the classifier only from the initial part of the recording instead of extracting training samples throughout the recording. To this end, we recorded simultaneous MEG (306 channels) and EEG (64 channels) in 18 healthy volunteers while they were presented with concurrent streams of spoken “Yes”/”No” words and instructed to attend to one of them. We then trained support vector machine classifiers for predicting the target of attention from unaveraged trials of MEG/EEG. Classifiers were trained either on 204 MEG gradiometers or on EEG with 64, 30, 9 or 3 channels and with samples extracted randomly across or only from the beginning of the recording. The highest classification accuracy, 73% on average across the subjects for 1.0-s trials, was obtained with MEG when the training samples were randomly extracted throughout the recording. With EEG, the accuracies were 69%, 69%, 67%, and 63% when using 64, 30, 9, and 3 channels, respectively. When training the classifiers with the same amount of data but extracted only from the beginning of the recording, the accuracy dropped by 12 %-units on average, causing the result from the 3-channel EEG to fall below the chance level. Combining five consecutive trials partially compensated for this drop such that it was 1–8 %-units. While moving from whole-scalp MEG to EEG reduces classification accuracy, a usable auditory-attention-based brain-computer interfaces can be implemented with a small set of optimally-placed EEG channels.
Expertise in reading visual Braille co-opts the reading network
Authors: Cerpelloni Filippo , Van Audenhaege Alice , Matuszewski Jacek , Gau Remi , Battal Ceren , Falagiarda Federica , Op de Beeck Hans , Collignon Olivier
Published: May 2024

Shape processing is crucial for visual object understanding. Visual reading seems to be attuned to it, as most scripts share similar visual features like line junctions and shape cues. Here we investigate the effect of expertise in reading visual Braille, a script developed for touch that does not share the typical explicit shape information of other alphabets. We compared visual Braille readers and a naïve control group and found that individually localized Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) was selectively activated for visual Braille when compared to scrambled Braille only in expert Braille readers. Multivariate analyses showed that linguistic properties can be decoded from Latin script in both groups and from Braille script in expert readers. Yet, cross-scripts generalization failed to reveal common representations across Latin and Braille in experts, suggesting that the VWFA of visual Braille experts contains interdigitated rather than joint representations of visual Braille and Latin scripts. Primary visual cortex, shape-selective areas (Lateral Occipital areas, LO), and linguistic areas (left Posterior Temporal area, l-PosTemp) showed similar multivariate profiles to VWFA, but with aligned representation across scripts in the left Posterior Temporal area only. We conclude that the linguistic status of a visual script, rather than low-level line-junctions properties, play a major role in how the visual system, and VWFA in particular, shows preference for scripts.

Significance statement

What drives the sensitivity in visual cortex for written words? We show that in expert readers, the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA), commonly thought to integrate line-junctions into words, responds to visual Braille, a script without explicit shape cues. Words, regardless the presence or absence of lines, are processed for their linguistic content, which happens in a script-specific manner. Additionally, we observe script-specific linguistic processing similar to VWFA in several key regions involved in vision (V1, LO), and more script-invariant linguistic processing in a language area (l-PosTemp). We conclude that the linguistic properties of a visual script, rather than low-level line-junctions properties, play a major role in how the reading network specialise for processing scripts.
TMEM106B-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection allows for robust ACE2-independent infectionin vitrobut notin vivo
Authors: Yan Kexin , Dumenil Troy , Stewart Romal , Bishop Cameron R. , Tang Bing , Suhrbier Andreas , Rawle Daniel J.
Published: May 2024

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves as the primary entry receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, ACE2-independent entry has been observedin vitrofor SARS-CoV-2 strains containing the E484D amino acid substitution in the spike protein. In this study, we conducted a whole genome CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen using a SARS-CoV-2 strain containing the spike-E484D substitution (SARS-CoV-2MA1) to identify the ACE2-independent entry mechanisms. Our findings revealed that SARS-CoV-2MA1infection in HEK293T cells relied on heparan sulfate and endocytic pathways, with TMEM106B emerging as the most significant contributor. While SARS-CoV-2MA1productively infected human brain organoids and K18-hACE2 mouse brains, it did not infect C57BL/6J orIfnar-/-mouse brains. This suggests that ACE2-independent entry via TMEM106B, which is a protein that is predominantly expressed in the brain, did not overtly increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasiveness in wild-type mice. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2MA1did not replicate inAce2-/-mouse respiratory tracts. Overall, this suggests that robust ACE2-independent infection by SARS-CoV-2E484Dis likely a phenomenon specific toin vitroconditions, with no apparent clinical implications.
Novel introductions of human-origin H3N2 Influenza viruses in Swine, Chile
Authors: Agüero B. , Ariyama N. , Berrios Felipe , Enciso Nikita , Quezada Barbara , Medina R.A. , Neira V.
Published: May 2024

Influenza A virus (IAV) continuously threatens animal and public health globally, with swine serving as a crucial reservoir for viral reassortment and evolution. In Chile, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes were introduced in the swine population before the H1N1 2009 pandemic, and the H1N1 was introduced from the H1N1pdm09 by successive reverse zoonotic events. Here, we report two novel introductions of IAV H3N2 human-origin in Chilean swine during 2023. Our study reveals a closer relationship between recent human seasonal H3N2 and novel swine strains. Interestingly, one strain maintains all the genes from the original human virus, but the other strain is already a reassortment of human H3N2 and an H1N2 previously observed on the farm. Observing global IAV sequences, a similar pattern was identified in the USA confirming the reverse zoonotic potential of current seasonal human H3N2 strains. These results highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance and reinforce biosecurity in swine farms. These findings raise questions about their potential impact on viral dynamics in the swine population and public health, underscoring the need for further investigation into the origin and evolutionary dynamics of this emerging swine H3N2 reassortant virus.
De novo gene synthesis by an antiviral reverse transcriptase
Authors: Tang Stephen , Conte Valentin , Zhang Dennis J. , Žedaveinytė Rimantė , Lampe George D. , Wiegand Tanner , Tang Lauren C. , Wang Megan , Walker Matt W.G. , George Jerrin Thomas , Berchowitz Luke E. , Jovanovic Marko , Sternberg Samuel H.
Published: May 2024

Bacteria defend themselves from viral infection using diverse immune systems, many of which sense and target foreign nucleic acids. Defense-associated reverse transcriptase (DRT) systems provide an intriguing counterpoint to this immune strategy by instead leveraging DNA synthesis, but the identities and functions of their DNA products remain largely unknown. Here we show that DRT2 systems execute an unprecedented immunity mechanism that involves de novo gene synthesis via rolling-circle reverse transcription of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Unbiased profiling of RT-associated RNA and DNA ligands in DRT2-expressing cells revealed that reverse transcription generates concatenated cDNA repeats through programmed template jumping on the ncRNA. The presence of phage then triggers second-strand cDNA synthesis, leading to the production of long double-stranded DNA. Remarkably, this DNA product is efficiently transcribed, generating messenger RNAs that encode a stop codon-less, never-ending ORF (neo) whose translation causes potent growth arrest. Phylogenetic analyses and screening of diverse DRT2 homologs further revealed broad conservation of rolling-circle reverse transcription and Neo protein function. Our work highlights an elegant expansion of genome coding potential through RNA-templated gene creation, and challenges conventional paradigms of genetic information encoded along the one-dimensional axis of genomic DNA.
Polyakov loop models in the large
N
limit: Correlation function and screening masses
Authors: Borisenko O. , Chelnokov V. , Voloshyn S.
Published: May 2024

We explore the ’t Hooft-Veneziano limit of the Polyakov loop models at finite baryon chemical potential. Using methods developed by us earlier we calculate the two- and N-point correlation functions of the Polyakov loops. This gives a possibility to compute the various potentials in the confinement phase and to derive the screening masses outside the confinement region. In particular, we establish the existence of complex masses and an oscillating decay of correlations in a certain range of parameters. Furthermore, it is shown that the calculation of the N-point correlation function in the confinement phase reduces to the geometric median problem. This leads to a large N analog of the Y law for the baryon potential.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Smoothing in linear multicompartment biological processes subject to stochastic input
Authors: Browning Alexander P. , Jenner Adrianne L. , Baker Ruth E. , Maini Philip K.
Published: May 2024

Many physical and biological systems rely on the progression of material through multiple independent stages. In viral replication, for example, virions enter a cell to undergo a complex process comprising several disparate stages before the eventual accumulation and release of replicated virions. While such systems may have some control over the internal dynamics that make up this progression, a challenge for many is to regulate behavior under what are often highly variable external environments acting as system inputs. In this work, we study a simple analog of this problem through a linear multicompartment model subject to a stochastic input in the form of a mean-reverting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, a type of Gaussian process. By expressing the system as a multidimensional Gaussian process, we derive several closed-form analytical results relating to the covariances and autocorrelations of the system, quantifying the smoothing effect discrete compartments afford multicompartment systems. Semianalytical results demonstrate that feedback and feedforward loops can enhance system robustness, and simulation results probe the intractable problem of the first passage time distribution, which has specific relevance to eventual cell lysis in the viral replication cycle. Finally, we demonstrate that the smoothing seen in the process is a consequence of the discreteness of the system, and does not manifest in systems with continuous transport. While we make progress through analysis of a simple linear problem, many of our insights are applicable more generally, and our work enables future analysis into multicompartment processes subject to stochastic inputs.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
One-Loop Double Copy Relation in String Theory
Authors: Stieberger S.
Published: May 2024

We discuss relations between closed and open string amplitudes at one loop. While at tree level these relations are known as Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) and/or double copy relations, here we investigate how such relations are manifested at one loop. Although, we find examples of one-loop closed string amplitudes that can strikingly be written as sum over squares of one-loop open string amplitudes, generically the one-loop closed string amplitudes assume a form reminiscent of the one-loop double copy structure of gravitational amplitudes involving a loop momentum. This double copy structure represents the one-loop generalization of the KLT relations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Requirements for probing chiral Casimir-Polder forces in a molecular Talbot-Lau interferometer
Authors: Suzuki Fumika , Shah S. A. , Dalvit Diego A. R. , Arndt Markus
Published: May 2024

We theoretically investigate the influence of chiral Casimir-Polder (CP) forces in Talbot-Lau interferometry, based on three nanomechanical gratings. We study scenarios where the second grating is either directly written into a chiral material or where the nanomask is coated with chiral substances. We show requirements for probing enantiospecific effects in matter-wave interferometry in the transmission signal and the interference fringe visibility, which depend on the de Broglie wavelength and the molecular chirality. The proposed setup is particularly sensitive to CP forces in the nonretarded regime where chiral effects can be comparable in magnitude to their electric and magnetic counterparts. While the first and third gratings do not change the phase of the matter wave, applying a coating of chiral substances to them enhances the instrument's chiral selectivity.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Cooperative effects in dense cold atomic gases including magnetic dipole interactions
Authors: Baßler N. S. , Varma I. , Proske M. , Windpassinger P. , Schmidt K. P. , Genes C.
Published: May 2024

We theoretically investigate cooperative effects in cold atomic gases exhibiting both electric and magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, such as occurs, for example, in clouds of dysprosium atoms. After introducing a general framework capturing both the quantum degenerate and nondenegerate cases, we focus on the emergence of tailorable spin models in the quantum nondegenerate regime. In the low-excitation limit, we provide analytical and numerical results detailing the effect of magnetic interactions on the directionality of scattered light and characterize sub and superradiant effects.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum work: Reconciling quantum mechanics and thermodynamics
Authors: Pinto Silva Thales A. B. , Gelbwaser-Klimovsky David
Published: May 2024

It has been claimed that no protocol for measuring quantum work can satisfy standard physical principles, casting doubts on the compatibility between quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and the classical limit. In this Letter, we present a solution for this incompatibility. We demonstrate that the standard formulation of these principles fails to address the classical limit properly. By proposing changes in this direction, we prove that all the essential principles can be satisfied when work is defined as a quantum observable, reconciling quantum work statistics and thermodynamics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
The Classical-Quantum Limit
Authors: Layton Isaac , Oppenheim Jonathan
Published: May 2024

The standard notion of a classical limit, represented schematically by ℏ→0, provides a method for approximating a quantum system by a classical one. In this work, we explain why the standard classical limit fails when applied to subsystems, and show how one may resolve this by explicitly modeling the decoherence of a subsystem by its environment. Denoting the decoherence time by τ, we demonstrate that a double scaling limit in which ℏ→0 and τ→0 such that the ratio

E

f

=

ℏ

/

τ

remains fixed leads to an irreversible open-system evolution with well-defined classical and quantum subsystems. The main technical result is showing that, for arbitrary Hamiltonians, the generators of partial versions of the Wigner, Husimi, and Glauber-Sudarshan quasiprobability distributions may all be mapped in the above-mentioned double scaling limit to the same completely positive classical-quantum generator. This provides a regime in which one can study effective and consistent classical-quantum dynamics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Landing cushioning analysis of new generation heavy airborne armored vehicles
Authors: Lu Chaoyu , Chen Jinbao , Wang Chen , Song Zhicheng
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to ensure the successful implementation of a landing cushion for the new generation armored vehicles with significantly enhanced quality. Furthermore, to introduce a high-precision landing cushioning analysis model.

Design/methodology/approach

To accurately analyze the cushioning performance of the new generation armored vehicles, a nonlinear finite element dynamics model considering the complex travel system was established. The model considered the influence of various nonlinear factors to measure the dynamic response difference between the proposed and traditional models. The cushioning performance of airbags under different landing conditions and their various influence factors were analyzed.

Findings

The travel system has a large influence on the key points of the vehicle, whose rear end of the upper deck has a larger acceleration fluctuation compared with the traditional model. The increase in the body material stiffness is helpful to reduce this fluctuation. The established nonlinear finite element model can effectively analyze the landing cushioning performance of airborne armored vehicles. The area of the external airbag vent has a large influence on the cushioning performance, and the cushioning system has excellent cushioning performance under various operating conditions.

Practical implications

This study introduces the travel system, which is ignored by traditional analytical models. The interactions between various types of complex structures are included in the analysis process in its entirety, leading to valuable new conclusions. Quantitatively reveals the analytical errors of traditional simulation models in multiple dimensions and the reasons for their formation. Based on a high-precision simulation model, it is verified that the designed airbag cushioning system has an excellent cushioning effect for the new generation of heavy airborne armored vehicles.

Originality/value

The novelty of this work comes from the need for smooth landing with low overload for a new type of large-load airborne armored vehicle and provides a high-precision model that quantifies the traditional analytical modeling errors and error principle.
Mapping accounting literature on climate finance: identifying research gaps and reflections on future research
Authors: de Aguiar Thereza Raquel Sales , Haque Shamima , McCann Laura
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate climate finance literature to understand whether and how research in this area is explored from an accounting perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducts a meta-analysis and narrative review of climate finance.

Findings

The issue of climate finance has received increasing attention in recent years because of international negotiations on climate change. The volume of literature examining climate finance has grown, particularly from a finance perspective. The literature analysed is diverse, using unique methodological and theoretical differences and providing insights into the effectiveness of policies and the impact of climate finance on capital markets, economic growth and the green economy. However, in spite of growing concerns regarding the accounting and reporting issues in climate finance, little attention has been paid to this topic from an accounting, accountability, audit or corporate disclosure perspective.

Originality/value

This study contributes to climate finance research by integrating insights from a dispersed and emerging body of literature by conducting meta-analysis and narrative review. Meta-analysis enables us to map the development of this specific literature and how it has changed over the years, whereas a narrative review serves as a basis for identifying research gaps and developing avenues for future research in accounting, accountability, audit and corporate disclosure.
A mixed-method study of parents’ views of food and nutrition in Australian primary schools
Authors: Aydin Gozde , Margerison Claire , Worsley Anthony , Booth Alison
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Schools have long been perceived as an ideal setting to support the healthy eating behaviours of children. The aim of the study was to examine the views of Australian primary school parents regarding school food and nutrition, including education, practices and policy.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was conducted among 787 parents in March 2021, which included closed and open-ended questions.

Findings

The results indicated the inconsistent implementation of policies and/or varying practices among different schools. Parents’ views were slightly associated with some demographic and personal measures including their SES levels, education, age, the main language spoken at home and universalism values. Parents viewed healthy food provision through canteens, policies and informing parents, fruit and vegetable breaks and kitchen and garden programs as the main contributors to the promotion of healthy eating. They believed unhealthy options in canteens, school fairs, events and birthdays are the major contributors to the formation of unhealthy eating habits among children at schools. Results revealed the efforts to establish health promoting school food environments in Australian primary schools; however, inconsistencies and discrepancies among schools should be addressed to ensure equity among all children.

Practical implications

The findings may provide directions for policymakers and school managers and can inform future reforms and initiatives in Australian primary schools and elsewhere.

Originality/value

This is the first study that has examined Australian parents’ views of school food policy, practices and environments using a mixed-methods design.
Entropy generation analysis of microrotating Casson’s nanofluid with Darcy–Forchheimer porous media using a neural computing based on Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm
Authors: Kumar Manjeet , Kaswan Pradeep , Kumari Manjeet
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to showcase the utilization of the magnetohydrodynamics-microrotating Casson’s nanofluid flow model (MHD-MRCNFM) in examining the impact of an inclined magnetic field within a porous medium on a nonlinear stretching plate. This investigation is conducted by using neural networking techniques, specifically using neural networks-backpropagated with the Levenberg–Marquardt scheme (NN-BLMS).

Design/methodology/approach

The initial nonlinear coupled PDEs system that represented the MRCNFM is transformed into an analogous nonlinear ODEs system by the adoption of similarity variables. The reference data set is created by varying important MHD-MRCNFM parameters using the renowned Lobatto IIIA solver. The numerical reference data are used in validation, testing and training sets to locate and analyze the estimated outcome of the created NN-LMA and its comparison with the corresponding reference solution. With mean squared error curves, error histogram analysis and a regression index, better performance is consistently demonstrated. Mu is a controller that controls the complete training process, and the NN-BLMS mainly concentrates on the higher precision of nonlinear systems.

Findings

The peculiar behavior of the appropriate physical parameters on nondimensional shapes is demonstrated and explored via sketches and tables. For escalating amounts of inclination angle and Brinkman number, a viable entropy profile is accomplished. The angular velocity curve grows as the rotation viscosity and surface condition factors rise. The dominance of friction-induced irreversibility is observed in the vicinity of the sheet, whereas in the farthest region, the situation is reversed with heat transfer playing a more significant role in causing irreversibilities.

Originality/value

To improve the efficiency of any thermodynamic system, it is essential to identify and track the sources of irreversible heat losses. Therefore, the authors analyze both flow phenomena and heat transport, with a particular focus on evaluating the generation of entropy within the system.
Cryptocurrency price fluctuation and time series analysis through candlestick pattern of bitcoin and ethereum using machine learning
Authors: Kapur Geeta , Manohar Sridhar , Mittal Amit , Jain Vishal , Trivedi Sonal
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Candlestick charts are a key tool for the technical analysis of cryptocurrency price fluctuations. It is essential to examine trends in the time series of a financial asset when completing an analysis. To accurately examine its potential future performance, it must also consider how it has changed and been active during the period. The researchers created cryptocurrency trading algorithms in this study based on the traditional candlestick pattern.

Design/methodology/approach

The data includes information on Bitcoin prices from early 2012 until 2021. Only the engulfing Candlestick model was able to anticipate changes in the price movements of Bitcoin. The traditional Harami model does not work with Bitcoin trading platforms because it has yet to generate profitable business results. An inverted Harami is a successful cryptocurrency trading method.

Findings

The inverted Harami approach accounts for 6.98 profit factor (PrF) and 74–50% of profitable (Pr) transactions, which favors a particularly long position. Additionally, the study discovered that almost all analyzed candlestick patterns forecast longer trends greater than shorter trends.

Research limitations/implications

To statistically study its future potential return, examining how it has changed and been active over the years is necessary. Such valuations are the basis for trading strategies that could help traders and investors in the cryptocurrency market. Without sacrificing clarity or ease of application, the proposed approach has increased performance by up to 32.5% of mean absolute error (MAE).

Originality/value

This study is novel in that it used multilayer autoregressive neural network (MARN) models with crypto-net (CNM) in machine learning to analyze a time series of financial cryptocurrencies. Here, the primary study deals with time trends extracted through a neural network model. Then, the developed model was tested using Bitcoin and Ethereum. Finally, CNM validity was tested through linear regression.
Subscription intentions for ChatGPT plus: a look at user satisfaction and self-efficacy
Authors: Jo Hyeon
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study examines the key determinants of subscription intentions for ChatGPT Plus (paid version) in business settings, focusing on tasks such as system quality, information support, service quality, perceived intelligence, goal-congruent outcome and self-efficacy.

Design/methodology/approach

The study utilized a survey of office workers, analyzed through structural equation modeling, to explore these determinants.

Findings

The results demonstrate that system quality, service quality and perceived intelligence significantly influence satisfaction, while service quality and perceived intelligence also impact goal-congruent outcomes. Contrary to traditional models, satisfaction does not significantly correlate with usage. Instead, a significant relationship is observed between goal-congruent outcomes and usage. Self-efficacy emerges as a crucial predictor of subscription intentions, further underlined by the significant impact of usage on subscription intention.

Research limitations/implications

The study’s focus on office workers and a single artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot type may limit generalizability. Its findings illuminate several avenues for future research, particularly in diversifying the context and demographics studied.

Practical implications

This research offers actionable insights for businesses and practitioners in the implementation of AI chatbots. It highlights the importance of enhancing system quality, personalization and user confidence to boost subscription intentions, thereby guiding strategies for user engagement and technology adoption.

Originality/value

This study pioneers in investigating subscription intentions towards AI chatbots, particularly ChatGPT, providing a novel framework that expands upon traditional user behavior theories.
From restoration to social media: exploring the nexus of architecture, social media and information sharing behaviours
Authors: Topdağı Yazıcı Büşra , Irapoğlu Nuran , Güleçoğlu Hande Nur
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the impact of architecture on digital communication mediums, focusing on how social media shapes the public perception and discussion of architectural spaces. It specifically examines the case of the Basilica Cistern/Istanbul, analysing social media interactions post-restoration.

Design/methodology/approach

Using newspaper archive scanning and survey technique, this study observed public content on Instagram focusing on the post-restoration period of the Basilica Cistern. 406 (283 valid) people who visited the Cistern and shared their experiences on Instagram between August 2022 and January 2023 participated in a survey. The analysis utilized Python for advanced correlation studies, enabling an in-depth exploration of the interplay between architectural features and social media sharing behaviours.

Findings

The analysis revealed that historical significance, lighting elements, role as a photographic backdrop significantly influenced sharing behaviours. Correlations were found between specific spatial features of the cistern and various sharing motivations, such as communication with people, personal gain, and popularity. The study highlights a diverse spectrum of motivations among users, emphasizing the relationship between these motivations and spatial features.

Research limitations/implications

This study underscores the necessity for further inquiry into the intricate dynamics among digital communication, architectural spaces, and user motivations. Limitations include potential challenges in gathering data from social media due to concerns of cyber fraud and the misuse of hashtags.

Originality/value

This research offers novel insights into the interplay between digital communication and architecture. It underscores the potential of digital platforms as valuable data sources for architectural theorizing and practice, particularly in understanding how restorations and architectural changes are perceived and discussed in the digital space.
Climate governance and carbon emission disclosure
Authors: Bedi Ankita , Singh Balwinder
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the influence of climate governance on carbon emission disclosure.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on S&P BSE 500 Indian firms over six years, i.e. from 2016–2017 to 2021–2022. The panel regression has been used to determine the association between climate governance and carbon emission disclosure.

Findings

The results of this study suggest that climate governance exerts a significant influence on corporate carbon emission disclosure. Moreover, results corroborate that climate governance elements such as the environment committee, carbon strategy and environment management system are critical contributors to carbon emission disclosure.

Practical implications

This study adds to the emerging literature on climate change, carbon emission disclosure, corporate governance and climate governance.

Social implications

This work provides valuable insights to corporate managers and policymakers as the study concludes that climate governance enhances firms’ carbon emission disclosure.

Originality/value

Earlier literature has examined the influence of corporate governance on carbon emission disclosure. However, this study extends to the corporate governance literature by providing novel insights into how integrating climate governance elements into corporate governance can influence carbon emission disclosure. Moreover, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore the association between climate governance and carbon emission disclosure in the Indian context.
What should the travel industry do as the world becomes more of an office?
Authors: Sökmen Seda , Çapa Aslı Bendenay
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to guide travel agencies to adapt their services to the expectations of digital nomads and to create new packages.

Design/methodology/approach

This study, which is undertaken with the social constructivism approach, is designed as a case study. Secondary data on Remote Year as the case, experiences were obtained within the Trustpilot application. Four hundred and eighty-seven useable comments made between 2016, the year of its establishment, and 2024 were accepted as documents. These data were supported by interviews.

Findings

The findings of the study basically identify that the services provided by RY provide physical, social and psychological support to the digital nomad and are therefore preferred.

Originality/value

This study attempts to address the lack of supply-side studies in the digital nomadism literature. The concept of NomadEase was introduced to the literature and the need for entrepreneurs to manage physical, social and psychological resources together and in harmony was emphasized.