bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Digitalization as a Task of Engineering Environment (Review of the Problem)
Authors: Rozenberg G. S. , Kostina N. V. , Kudinova G. E. , Rozenberg A. G.
Published: April 2024

Digitalization (development of the information society) affects all aspects of our life, having an increasingly noticeable (both positive and negative) impact on the environment. Some information technologies in the field of ecology, directions, goals and objectives of digitalization of environmental knowledge and nature management in Russia are discussed.
Structure of the Peritenons of the Paravertebral Tendons Treated by Hyaluronic Acid
Authors: Gaidash А. А. , Krut’ko V. K. , Kulak A. I. , Musskaya O. N. , Skrotskaya K. V. , Tokalchik Yu. P. , Kulchitsky V. A.
Published: April 2024

The tendon sheaths (peritenones) of the paravertebral tendons of the tails of Wistar rats were studied using scanning electron microscopy. A phenomenological classification of the osteoid structures of the peritenons is given, with the identification of their persistent and permanent varieties. Sesamoid islets, needle-like and lamellar growths, rudiments of osteons are classified as persistent. Persistent osteoid structures are well prepared for transformations aimed at strengthening the intracellular matrix under mechanical stress. Permanent osteoid structures are microgranules and faceted deposits of calcium phosphates involved in structural and mechanical processes, hetero- and homogeneous nucleation. Hyaluronate loosens the matrix of sesamoid islets, which increases the mobility of sesamoid globules and creates the prerequisites for their directed migration to areas of increased mechanical stress and foci of possible mineralization of extracellular substance, including fibrillar collagen. Hyaluronate sticks together granules and deposits of structured calcium phosphates. contribute to their growth and fixation in areas of increased risk of mechanical stress. This is a fundamentally important adaptive mechanism for strengthening the tendon tissue, acting in advance.
Invasive Plants of Russia: Inventory Results, Distribution Features and Management Issues
Authors: Senator S. A. , Vinogradova Yu. K.
Published: April 2024

Globalization, expansion of trade relations, inter- and intra-continental population movements, development of transport links between countries have led to the active settlement of many plant species outside their natural ranges. Among such plants, a group of invasive species stands out, whose distribution has serious environmental, economic and social consequences. The article contains information about the results of the inventory of invasive vascular plant species growing in the Russian Federation, as well as an overview of the actions taken in the country to manage invasive plant species. Currently, there are 584 invasive species of vascular plants in Russia, of which the most common are Acer negundo, Echinocystis lobata and Erigeron canadensis. It has to be stated that until now there are no legislative acts regulating the policy in the field of invasive species (the exception is the legal regulation of phytocarantin), as well as the national strategy for alien species in Russia. Effective management of biological invasions can work if the general public is aware of the adverse effects of biological invasions. Given that the number of specialists is always limited, it is necessary to take into account the role of the general population in the management of invasive species.
Dynamic Changes in the Immune Status and Biochemical Markers of the Blood in Patients after Cardiac Surgery in Conditions of Artificial Circulation
Authors: Solovyova M. S. , Plotnikov G. P. , Popov V. A. , Zemskov A. M. , Demidova V. S. , Kulikova A. N. , Balbutskiy A. V. , Shishkina N. S. , Kozlova M. N. , Zemskov V. M. , Sharanda A. V.
Published: April 2024

On a limited contingent of patients who died and survived after cardiac surgery under conditions of artificial circulation, a general nonspecific adaptive reaction is considered – stress, which develops during the sequential implementation of the “anxiety stage”, “resistance” and “resolution”. The immune markers of the stress response, its ambiguous changes in deceased patients and those discharged from the clinic with improved health are considered. Interesting innovations in changes in patients have been discovered that can be used in assessing the condition of patients, predicting the outcome of cardiac surgery, and even substantiating the use of immunomodulatory therapy in alternative clinical and immunological changes in the state of health in patients.
Reproductive Criteria of Multicellularity and Original Modes of Reproduction
Authors: Gavrilov-Zimin I. A.
Published: April 2024

The reproductive criteria of multicellularity are proposed for the first time. Terminologically the multicellularity is advised to subdivide into three variants: 1) protonemal – the most primitive, known in multicellular prokaryotes, in majority groups of multicellular algae and in gametophytes of some embryophyte plants; 2) siphonoseptal, distributed amongst multicellular fungi, some groups of green and yellow-green algae; 3) embryogenic, the most complicated, characteristic of all animals (Metazoa), sporophytes and some gametophytes of embryophyte plants, charophyte algae (Charophyceae s.s.), oogamous genera of green and brown algae, some genera of red algae. In addition to well-known subdivision of the reproduction into sexual and asexual variants, it is advised to consider monocitic (appearance of the new organism from one cell in course of sexual or asexual reproduction) and polycitic (fragmentation, longitudinal/transverse division, budding, basing on numerous cells of maternal organisms), because both these modes have different evolutional and ontogenetic origin. It is demonstrated that the internal fertilization was the original feature of reproduction in animals (Metazoa), land plants (Embryophyta), most groups of multicellular oogamous algae, in oogamous and pseudoogamous fungi. Correspondingly, in course of the sexual reproduction, viviparous development was the ancestral for animals, whereas the germination of the zygote on (or inside) maternal organism was the ancestral for Embryophyta and most oogamous algae.
Information on the Taxonomical Diversity of the Melittophilian Flora of the Toratau Geopark (Republic of Bashkortostan)
Authors: Samsonova I. D. , Sattarov V. N. , Plahova A. A. , Danilenko V. N. , Boguslavsky D. V. , Ilyasov R. A.
Published: April 2024

In the modern world, human activity has a significant impact on vegetation and landscapes, which creates problems in preserving the natural functions of ecosystems that provide human living conditions. One of the ways to solve this problem is to study key species that determine the composition and structure of ecosystems, as well as rare species, whose diversity is important for maintaining biodiversity, ecological balance and ensuring vital conditions for humans. The results of an assessment of the species composition of the melittophilous flora of the Toratau Geopark, located on the territory of the Ishimbay, Gafuriysky, Meleuzovsky and Sterlitamak districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan, are presented. During the research, the species composition was determined, including 127 species of nectar-bearing plants from 29 families, of which 23 species from the Asteracea family, 20 species from the Fabaceae family and 14 species from the Rosaceae family are predominant.
Development of methodological approaches to assess the functional state of the inner ear labyrinth
Authors: Toropchina L. V.
Published: April 2024

Modeling the propagation of sound vibrations from the foot plate of the stirrup in the oval window to the perceiving formations of the organ of Corti is a difficult experimental problem. In the search for the causes of hearing loss, tone threshold audiometry has traditionally been considered as the basis of diagnosis. The presence of an air-bone gap on an audiogram was associated with a dysfunction of the middle ear; however, in many cases, an air-bone gap is detected when the pathology is localized in the structures of the inner ear. The review shows that pathological conditions that impair intracochlear sound conduction are successfully detected using computed tomography of the temporal bones. The classification of pathological conditions of the labyrinth, giving the bone-air gap on the tone threshold audiogram, was performed.
Difficulties of Cochlear implantation in malformations of the inner ear
Authors: Tunyan N. T. , Bychkova E. V.
Published: April 2024

According to various authors, 20% of children with sensorineural hearing loss or deafness, anomalies in the structure of the temporal bones are determined according to the results of computed tomography. Cochlear implantation in the presence of cochleovestibular malformations is associated with a number of difficulties. These include the peculiarities of cochleostomy and placing of the electrode inside the cochlea, the risk of damage to the facial nerve due to its abnormal location, intraoperative liquorrhea, which can lead to the development of bacterial meningitis in the postoperative period, as well as the risk of penetration of the electrode into the internal auditory canal. In this research, we present our method of performing cochlear implantation in case of a malformation in the development of the inner ear (common cavity). The method expands the possibilities of cochlear implantation for e auditory perception in patients with this pathology.
Pathogenesis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Lapshin M. S. , Kondashevskaya M. V. , Epishev V. V. , Patochkina N. A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—The review summarizes current literature information on the mechanisms of pathogenesis of severe stress-induced disease – post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Hormonal, biochemical, genetic and morphofunctional changes in peripheral organs and in the central nervous system occurring in PTSD are characterized. It turned out that most researchers have formed an opinion about the leading role of chronic inflammation in PTSD. The data on the study of the action of anti-inflammatory drugs with a narrow biochemical orientation are presented. The review concludes with the presentation of the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of PTSD should be considered as an integrative inflammatory process of peripheral and central systems. The therapeutic agent in this case, most likely, should be a multifunctional drug. Judging by the results of the authors' experiments, it is most likely to be drugs of the pharmacological group of heparins.
Role of LIM-Kinase 1 in Memory Processes
Authors: Nikitina E. A. , Zalomaeva E. S. , Medvedeva A. V. , Zhuravlev A. V. , Savvateeva-Popova E. V.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—According to modern ideas, the basis of intellectual problems in neurological brain damage is active forgetting, regulated by Rac and Rho small GTPases-dependent signal stages of actin remodeling. The key enzyme of these cascades is LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1). Changes in limk1 gene expression lead to neurocognitive pathologies. Rapid screening and testing of targeted therapeutic agents modifying protein-protein interactions of GTPases and components of signaling cascades requires the development and validation of simple animal models. Such an opportunity is provided by Drosophila, the mutant strains of which allow you to identify the nodal moments of intersection of biochemical and neural networks, accompanying active forgetting.
Environmental Preferences of the Bank Vole (Clethrionomys Glareolus Schreber, 1780)
under Different Biotopical Conditions in the Protected Territory of the Middle Urals
Authors: Lukyanova L. E.
Published: April 2024

The environmental preferences of the bank vole were studied in the protected area of the Middle Urals in different biotope conditions formed as a result of the consequences of natural catastrophic events. According to the abundance of the population, the “success” of the existence of the species in four biotopes with varying degrees of disturbance by wind and pyrogenic effects was assessed. A statistically highly significant level of differences between the compared biotopes was shown for six microenvironmental variables that assess the food-protective conditions of animal habitats. In general, the biotopic variability turned out to be higher than the chronographic (interannual) variability. Over the long period of the study, the bank vole prevailed in numbers in the undisturbed biotope, which was distinguished among the studied biotopes by high values of microenvironmental indicators that assess mainly the food resources of animal habitats: the coverage of areas by shrubs and herbaceous vegetation. Habitat conditions in the biotope undisturbed by natural catastrophic factors are most consistent with the environmental preferences of the bank vole.
Loss of Large Bivalves in the Rivers of the Southern Primorye (Russian Far East) in Summer and Autumn of 2021
Authors: Bogatov V. V. , Prozorova L. A. , Nikulina T. V.
Published: April 2024

Mass mortality of Unionidae from the genera Middendorffinaia, Buldowskia, and Sinanodonta was observed in the plain rivers of the south of Primorsky Krai (south of the Russian Far East) in the abnormally hot and low-water summer–autumn season of 2021. Nodularia douglasiae (Griffith et Pidgeon, 1833) was the most resistant and thus least affected species, the species from the genera Sinanodonta and Middendorffinaia, the least resistant and the most affected.
Assessment of the Population of the European Grayling under Limited Data
Authors: Boznak E. I. , Zakharov A. B. , Ponomarev V. I.
Published: April 2024

The state of populations of European grayling Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758) has been assessed and compared in two Ural tributaries of the Pechora River. The grayling inhabiting the Shchugor River (the territory of Yugyd Va National Park) has been satisfactorily preserved with minimal shifts in population characteristics. In the Bolshaya Synya River, protected only at the river source, the grayling population decreased mostly by the fish of the maximum age (up to 7+), the share of repeatedly spawning individuals has decreased as well (4.0–4.8%), and the overall mortality rate has increased. Deterioration of the grayling population in the Bolshaya Synya River was due to intensive illegal fishing. Under limited initial data, using a set of traditional indicators appeared a more universal assessment approach, while the length-based indicators (LBIs) method has only limited application.
Long-Term Monitoring of Vegetation Cover on Drained Mires of South Karelia (Mesotrophic Herb–Sphagnum Mire)
Authors: Grabovik S. I. , Kantserova L. V.
Published: April 2024

With the help of gradient analysis and Ellenberg eco-scales, factors of differentiation of vegetation cover (moisture, illumination, soil acidity, and soil richness in mineral nitrogen) were revealed. Using nonmetric scaling, an ordination diagram of the distribution of geobotanical descriptions was created for 50 years of research (from 1971 to 2021). Correlation of ordination axes and ecological factors was carried out. On the ordination diagram and according to the results of cluster analysis, geobotanical descriptions form three distinct groups corresponding to certain time periods. Changes in the species composition in plant communities are caused by changes in illumination, moisture, and trophicity. Under the influence of drainage and successions of the vegetation cover for 50 years, on the site of a mesotrophic hummock-flark herb sphagnum mire, represented by mesotrophic hydrohygrophilous mire species, an oligotrophic hummock lawn dwarf-sphagnum pine forest was formed, formed by oligotrophic, mesohygrophilic forest-mie species.
Soil and Vegetation Heterogeneity in Postagrogenic Restorative Succession in the Middle Taiga Subzone
Authors: Nakvasina E. N. , Parinova T. A. , Volkov A. G. , Golubeva L. V.
Published: April 2024

The specific features of the soil–vegetation heterogeneity at the early stages of restorative succession have been studied. These features are determined by biotic and bioinert conditions that were influenced by anthropogenic factors during long-term plowing on azonal carbonated soils in the middle taiga subzone (Kargopol district, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia). In total, 25 full-profile soil sections, 500 soil samples, 125 sites for counting tree and shrub species, 25 standard geobotanical plots, and 250 plots for counting herbaceous species have been studied and analyzed. During the first 15 years of restorative succession on fallow agricultural land, herbaceous vegetation has the highest phytocenotic significance. On the residual calcareous soils of the forest zone, the specialization of ecological properties, i.e., the confinement of species to certain factors is weakly pronounced only in some herbaceous species. The mosaic structure of vegetation cover on a 15-yearold fallow is determined not by the variability of soil properties and the influence of growing tree and shrub species, but by the biological properties of herbaceous plants and their specific requirements for environmental factors. Soil fertility and soil moisture are the main factors that determine the variations of vegetation at this stage.
Assessment of the Limits of the Tolerance range and Optimal, Critically Low, and Critically High Salinity Zones according to the Indices of Osmotic and Ionic Homeostasis of Dreissena polymorpha
Authors: Martem’yanov V. I.
Published: April 2024

Salinity is one of the leading environmental factors influencing the distribution of zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha in natural conditions. The data on the tolerance range of salinity that were obtained by predecessors under field conditions and during experimental studies differ significantly. This makes it difficult to assess the possible range of distribution of zebra mussel under natural conditions and predict the possibility of its introduction to new water bodies. Using the indices of osmotic and ionic homeostasis as a research method, we have tried to estimate the tolerance range and optimal, critically low, and critically high salinity zones for D. polymorpha. The results can be used to predict the range of distribution of zebra mussel in nature and assess the physiological state of the mollusks in natural and laboratory conditions.
Filaroidosis Invasion Levels in Sable and Pine Marten Populations
Authors: Monakhov V. G.
Published: April 2024

A comparative study of lungworm Filaroides martis invasion rates in sable and pine marten populations in the Cis-Urals region and Central Siberia was performed on the basis of samples totaling more than 3000 animals. In different sable population groups, the invasion extensiveness (prevalence) varies from 2 to 57%; in pine marten population groups, from 0 to 54%. In the Urals transgression zone, the invasion rate is statistically significantly higher in martens compared to sables. The studied groups form three clusters. Low prevalence values (less than 2%) were noted in two eastern populations: the upper Ob River (martens) and the Vakh River (sables); the highest values (over 50%), in martens in the Urals and in both species in the Uvat district, Tyumen oblast. The rest of the groups with moderate prevalence values (20–38%) form the third cluster. The invasion intensity varies from 2.5 to 3.6 helminth cysts per infected individual in sables, and from 0 to 4.6 cysts in martens; for most pairwise comparisons performed based on these two parameters, differences between samples are statistically significant. In western groups of both species, the invasion intensity is higher compared to eastern groups. In sables, invasion prevalence and intensity correlate in a statistically significant (r = 0.95; p = 0.01) way. One geographical trend was identified: in pine martens, invasion prevalence increases in a northerly direction. Cases with prevalence levels less than 5% can be explained by the absence of formed filaroidosis foci. At the beginning of the 2010s, a twofold increase in prevalence over the previous 20 years was recorded; this phenomenon has no adequate explanation yet.
Effect of the Concentration of Cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) in Water on the Level
of Oxidative Processes in the Tissues of Bivalves of the Family Dreissenidae
Authors: Sokolova A. S. , Tselmovich O. L. , Mikryakov D. V.
Published: April 2024

The results of studying the influence of the content of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ cations in water on the level of lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants in the tissues of bivalve mollusks, D. bugensis and D. polymorpha, are presented. Mollusks were caught in four water areas of the Gorky Reservoir, which differ in the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ cations. A correlation relationship has been established between the quantitative parameters of cations in water and the intensity of peroxide processes, on the one hand, and the level of general antioxidant activity in mollusk tissues, on the other. Statistically significant interspecific differences in the studied parameters have been recorded in mollusks from areas with an increased concentration of cations.
A New Method for Determining the Calendar Age of Plants of Heracleum sosnowskyi and Evaluation based on the Age Composition in Cenopopulations of the Species in the North
Authors: Dalke I. V. , Maslova S. P. , Plyusnina S. N. , Zraychenko E. S. , Bobrov Yu. A.
Published: April 2024

Studies have been carried out to determine the calendar age of plants of the invasive species Hogweed Sosnovsky (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.). The study of the root structure showed the presence of growth rings formed by increments of secondary xylem, which makes it possible to use the xylochronological approach to estimate the calendar age of H. sosnowskyi. The number of xylem rings on the transverse section of the root corresponds to the number of remnants of annual increments on the longitudinal section of the underground caudex. The method of accounting for annual increments on a longitudinal section of the caudex is simple and effective and allows you to determine the age of plants of H. sosnowskyi in the field, without resorting to tissue contrast and microscopy. Plants of H. sosnowskyi in natural cenopopulations of the middle taiga zone of the Komi Republic, started flowering in the third year of life, and their calendar age reached 7 full years.
Phylogeography of Oaks in the Crimea Reveals Pleistocene Refugia and Migration Routes
Authors: Semerikova S. A. , Podergina S. M. , Tashev A. N. , Semerikov V. L.
Published: April 2024

Chloroplast DNA variability was examined in 872 trees of pedunculate oak (Q. robur L.), sessile oak (Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and downy oak (Q. pubescens Willd.) on the Crimean Peninsula, in the Western Caucasus and in the Balkan region in order to study phylogeography and interaction of these species in the Black Sea region. Sequencing of five fragments with a total length of more than 10,000 base pairs revealed 12 haplotypes of chloroplast DNA. For the haplotype typing in the studied populations, chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSR), sequencing, and restriction analysis were used. Haplotypes detected belong to several divergent phylogenetic lineages. The studied species almost do not differ from each other in the composition of haplotypes and the geographical structure of variability, which demonstrates a certain level of gene flow between them in mixed populations. The haplotypes of the Balkan region are closely related to the haplotypes of previously studied populations from Eastern Europe and the western part of the Russian Plain, and are not found in the Crimea and the Caucasus. On the Crimean Peninsula, two geographical groups of populations are distinguished, which differ sharply in the composition of haplotypes. The difference between the western part of the peninsula and the eastern part is shown, which suggests a multiple origin of oak populations in the Crimea as a result of migrations from two sources, which could be facilitated by fluctuations in the Black Sea level and its desalination, which repeatedly occurred in the Pleistocene and Holocene. The predominance of two divergent haplotypes in the western part of the peninsula, similar to the haplotypes of Asia Minor, indicates the penetration of oak from this region and the presence of an isolated refugium in the mountainous forest regions of Crimea during the last glacial maximum. At the same time, haplotypes common with the Western Caucasus are spread in the east of the mountain-forest part of the Eastern Crimea. The sharp boundary between the areas of distribution of “western” and “eastern” haplotypes in the Eastern Crimea indicates a relatively recent time of the formation of a secondary contact zone between local and Caucasian oak populations as a result of postglacial colonization.
The Role of Econes as Elementary Population-Coenotic Groups in the Integration of Evolutionary and Ecological Processes
Authors: Vasil’ev A. G.
Published: April 2024

A population-coenotic concept of an econe, an elementary structural-functional group (SFG) in a coenopopulation, is proposed. An econe has binary properties, since in real time it simultaneously manifests itself as part of the coenopopulation and as part of the local community, i.e., acts as an elementary population- coenotic structure, the individuals of which are phenotypically homogeneous and simultaneously perform certain population and coenotic functions. The role of econes in micro-, meso-, and macroevolutionary processes is considered, and based on this the possible evolutionary-ecological integrative mechanisms of rapid micro- and macroevolutionary processes in the Anthropocene are estimated. The new concept of econes allows one to integrate the processes of micro-, meso-, and macroevolution based on the recently revealed mechanisms of transgenerational inheritance of stress-induced epigenetic changes that parameterize certain rearrangements of morphogenesis. Since all processes (micro-, meso- and macroevolution) of changes in econes in coenopopulations occur in real time, but with varying degrees of efficiency, it is theoretically possible to approach the prediction of the onset of regional biocoenotic crises by comparing the morphogenetic reactions of econes of sympatric species of communities to favorable and unfavorable development conditions, caused by a combination of climatogenic, anthropogenic, and biotic factors.
Stochastic and Deterministic Processes in the Establishment of Taxonomic, Functional
and Phylogenetic Diversity of Ecological Communities: A Review of Modern Concepts
Authors: Leonov V. D.
Published: April 2024

The assessment of biological diversity and the processes that govern it is important for ecological research and nature conservation. This review describes the main general theories and presents the modern concept of mechanisms for the assembly of ecological communities. Deterministic (abiotic filter and biotic interactions) and stochastic (ecological drift, dispersal and speciation) processes influencing taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic facets of diversity are discussed. Impact of certain processes (influence of individual environmental factors, biotic interactions, dispersal limitation) on the - and - levels of each facet of biodiversity are shown. In turn, estimation of them makes it possible to assess the contribution of certain processes on the biodiversity of the studied local communities.
Distribution of Trophic Resources in a Rodent Community in the High-Mountain Zone of the Republic of Dagestan
Authors: Magomedov M. Sh. , Magomedova M. M.
Published: April 2024

Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of nutrition of some cohabiting rodent species in the High-Mountain Zone of the Republic of Dagestan have been studied. The diet of S. uralensis consisted of 23, C. gud, of 22, M. arvalis, of 27, C. migtatorius, of 26, and D. nitedula, of 19 plant species. The most diverse diet was found in the common vole and gray hamster. In spring, sedges dominated in the diets of rodents, in the summer, rations consisted mainly of cereals, and autumn, predominantly from the species of the forbs and legume groups. In all, except for the forest dormouse, the conjugation of diets with the structure of herbaceous vegetation was revealed. The maximum values of the degree of similarity of the diets of rodents were found in pairs of wood mouse – Gudaur vole, Gudaur vole – gray hamster, and common vole – gray hamster. As a result, a sufficient level of food supply, a wide range of microstations, and intrapopulation adaptation mechanisms make it possible for the considered rodent species to live together in the study area.
The potential of using the Blue Intensity parameter to assess the climate response of radial tree growth on the Crimean peninsula
Authors: Komarova A. V. , Kukarskikh V. V. , Bubnov M. O. , Devi N. M.
Published: April 2024

The results of assessing the climate signal contained in the width of tree rings and the indicator of optical density of wood (Blue Intensity) of related species of pine trees – black (Pinus nigra Arnold) and Pitsunda (Pinus brutia Ten) growing on the southern coast of the Crimean peninsula are presented. The influence of the cumulative effect of moisture deficiency on the radial growth and lignification processes of late wood of the studied conifer species is shown. A specific reaction of P. nigra in high mountain areas to conditions of prolonged drought was revealed. The prospects for using the Blue Intensity indicator for dendroclimatic studies on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula have been demonstrated.
90Sr IN THE SKELETON OF RODENTS FROM THE EAST URAL RADIOACTIVE TRAIL ZONE: INTER- AND INTRA-SPECIFIC FEATURES OF ACCUMULATION
Authors: Starichenko V. I.
Published: April 2024

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FLOODLAND AS A CORRIDOR FOR THE DISPERSION OF SMALL MAMMALS IN AN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE
Authors: Tolkachev O. V. , Mukhacheva S. V.
Published: April 2024

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Zinc's Role in Mitigating Copper Toxicity for Plants and Microorganisms in Industrially Contaminated Soils: A Review
Authors: Santa-Cruz J. , Yáñez C. , Neaman A. , Dovletyarova E. A. , Dubrovina T. A. , Vorobeichik E. L. , Krutyakov Yu. A.
Published: April 2024

This review focuses on the issue of metal antagonism in soils contaminated by multiple metals as a result of industrial emissions. Building upon previous findings in aquatic ecosystems, the potential of zinc to mitigate copper toxicity in more complex soil systems is explored. A range of studies investigating the role of zinc in reducing copper toxicity to plants and microorganisms in soils contaminated by copper mining in central Chile are examined. The mechanisms underlying metal interactions in soils, including the terrestrial biotic ligand model and the intensity/capacity/quantity concept, are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the review underscores the pressing need for future studies to enhance our understanding and develop effective strategies for mitigating copper toxicity in industrially contaminated soils.
Reproductive behaviour of Forficula vicaria Semenov, 1902 (Dermaptera, Forfi culidae)
Authors: Markova T. O , Maslov M. V
Published: April 2024

Information on copulation and reproduction of the earwig For cula vicaria Semenov (Dermaptera, For culidae) in Primorskii Territory is presented. The total period of reproductive activity lasts from 47 to 52 days. The rst copulating pairs were recorded at the beginning of the 3rd ten days of August, and the last ones, in mid-October. The time of the joint stay of the male and female before the start of copulation in the cages was 28 days for the pair formed at the end of July, 17 days at the beginning of August, 5 days in the middle of August, and less than a day at the end of August. Over the entire period of observation of individual pairs, 11-17 repeated copulations were registered. During the day, the number of repeated copulations in this species ranged from one to three, each lasting from 30 minutes to 10 hours with interruptions from 20 minutes to 9 hours, and, after copulation, active feeding of insects was observed for 1.5-4 hours. Females start laying eggs at the end of September. The fecundity of females ranges from 52 to 71 eggs, and the number of eggs laid between matings during the day ranges from 4 to 33. Mature eggs are present in the ovaries of females until mid-October. For cula vicaria is characterized by the parental care for o spring. Under natural conditions, from mid-September, earwigs dig holes in which they hibernate, protecting the eggs.
New species of the march-flies close to Bibio marci (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera, Bibionidae)
Authors: Krivosheina N. P
Published: April 2024

A complex of species with black body of both sexes close to Bibio marci (Linnaeus, 1758) was studied. The material was collected in Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, North Africa (Morocco), and Canary Islands. Four new species are described: Bibio alborzensis sp. n., B. admirabilis sp. n., B. maroccanus sp. n. and B. pravdini sp. n. di ering in body coloration, wing venation, structure and pubescence of female head and morphology of male terminalia (tergite 9, cerci, hypoproct and aedeagus). A key to species based on the characters of both sexes is given.
Functions of the auditory system of biting female mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae)
Authors: Lapshin D. N , Vorontsov D. D
Published: April 2024

Female mosquitoes possess a complex auditory system, the biological function of which has not yet been fully understood. Male and female mosquitoes are known to mutually adjust the frequencies of their wingbeats when approaching each other. To make such interaction possible, they need to hear each other and to be able to discriminate frequencies. Some recent data indicate that biting female mosquitoes can also use acoustic channel to detect their hosts. One can expect that the parameters of mosquito’s hearing re ect the acoustic properties of noises or other sounds emitted by the host animals. In this regard, it is worth asking whether mosquitoes are able to detect humans by their voices. We studied female mosquitoes of Aedes ( Ochlerotatus ) excrucians Walker. They are abundant in the biotopes where people are likely to be found, for example, along the river banks and in the village parks. In electrophysiological experiments, we measured the frequency-threshold characteristics of auditory receptors. The highest sensitivity of most receptors was found in the frequency range from 40 to 140 Hz, with minimum threshold values of 32-40 dB SPVL (Sound Particle Velocity Level). A comparison of the frequency-threshold characteristics of female mosquitoes with the averaged spectra of human speech indicates that, in most cases, mosquitoes can hear human voices and can use them as a cue for nding and attacking humans.
Perspectives of using Artemia salina Leach (Crustacea, Anostraca) cysts for the rearing of a predatory bug Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae)
Authors: Pazyuk I. M , Reznik S. Ya.
Published: April 2024

Predatory bug Orius laevigatus is a promising agent for biological control of aphids, thrips, white ies, spider mites, and other pests of vegetables and berries. Its application in greenhouses is limited by high rearing cost which is particularly determined by using of such an expensive food as eggs of the grain moth Sitotroga cerealella and other moths. Laboratory experiments showed that O. laevigatus nymphs and adults can feed on much cheaper cysts of a brine shrimp, Artemia salina . Nymph survival and female fecundity with the alternation of feeding with A. salina cysts and S. cerealella eggs were less than 20% lower than those with feeding on the grain moth eggs. Considering much more substantial (10-15 times) di erence in the cost of these foods we conclude that alternation of A. salina cysts and S. cerealella eggs is promising to increase the economic feasibility of O. laevigatus use for biological control of pests in greenhouses.
Description of a new species of the bark beetle genus Pityophthorus Eichhoff , 1867 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Peru
Authors: Petrov A. V , Mandelshtam M. Yu.
Published: April 2024

A new species Pityophthorus kataevi sp. n. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is described from Peru based on the material from Junin Region.
Type specimens of the dung fl ies (Diptera, Scathophagidae) in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg
Authors: Nartshuk E. P , Paramonov N. M , Suleymanova G. M
Published: April 2024

Catalog of types (holotypes, paratypes, lectotypes, paralectotypes) of species of the family Scathophagidae (Diptera) described by Th. Becker, I. A. Porchinsky, A. A. Stakelberg, K. B. Gorodkov, A. L. Ozerov, M. G. Krivosheina, which are stored in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, is presented. Photographs of specimens and labels of holotypes and lectotypes are given.
Relationships of the gall midge, Asphondylia miki Wachtl (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), with the host plant, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and ectoparasites of its larvae and pupae (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) in the forest-steppe of the middle volga region
Authors: Kaplin V. G. , Kosheleva O. V. , Volodina I. A.
Published: April 2024

The studies were carried out in crops of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ssp. × varia ) in 2018-2022 in the forest-steppe of Samara Province. Asphondylia miki galls were taken into account in alfalfa crops from the beginning of their formation to the end of the growing season on sites from 0.1 to 1 m2 in 10-fold repetition. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out by methods of variance analysis. At spring sowing of alfalfa, as well as in its perennial crops, gall midge A. miki develops in two, and during summer sowing in the rst year of the culture’s life in one generation per year, pupae overwinter in galls, the imago of the wintering generation occurs in April. The greatest damage to alfalfa by the larvae of A. miki (40-68% of generative shoots) and the number of its galls (500-830 copies/m2) were observed in the rst year of the culture’s life when it was sown in summer, with the coincidence of the greatest ight of imago with the budding of the culture, which led to signi cant losses in the yield of alfalfa seeds (13-81%). In summer alfalfa crops of the rst year of development without the use of chemical plant protection agents, parasitic hymenopterans contribute to the death of larvae and pupae of A. miki in on average 60% of its galls. Among them, a gregarious ectoparasite Sigmophora brevicornis (Eulophidae) mainly preying on A. miki larvae accounted for about 77% of the individuals of the identi ed parasites. In the S. brevicornis population, males and females had similar body coloration and belonged to three phenotypes: the lightest brownish yellow, yellowish brown, and dark coloration, which accounted for 53, 28 and 19% of parasite individuals, respectively.
P. consortial associations of insects (Insecta) and springtails (Collembola) with Trollius asiaticus L. (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Buglova L. V. , Nartshuk E. P.
Published: April 2024

Consortial associations of insects and springtails with the Asian globe ower, Trollius asiaticus L. (Ranunculaceae), were investigated in nature and in the Bioresource Scienti c Collection of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science (USU № 440534) from 2017 till 2021. 106 invertebrate species have been revealed, which have been classi ed into the following groups: (1) anthophiles, (2) herbivores (phyllophages and carpophages), (3) de tritophages, and (4) entomophages. The consort diversity is highest in the period of owering with predominance of the anthophiles, including pollinators and nectarophages. Seeds are damaged by the larvae of the y genus Chiastocheta (Anthomyiidae) and numerous heteropterans. The injury by phyllophages is insigni cant.
Mycobiota of Ips sexdentatus (Bö;rner, 1776) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Belarus
Authors: Rоmanenko M. O. , Panteleev S. V. , Sazonov A. A. , Ivashchenko L. O.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the results of a study of the fungal component of the microbiome associated with six-toothed bark beetle on the territory of Belarus to clarify the role of this xylophage as a vector of dangerous phytopathogenic fungi. More than 360 pure cultures of fungi isolated from the surface and hemocoel of Ips sexdentatus were analyzed by cultural-morphological and molecular-genetic methods. 35 species of fungi from 25 genera of 17 families in 3 divisions were identi ed. Based on their impact on the stored wood, all species are conventionally classi ed into three groups: (1) fungi that cause discoloration of wood (mold, blue stain, etc.), (2) fungi that cause rot of growing forest and harvested wood, and (3) fungi whose . Five species of fungi from the family Ophiostomatacea e were identi ed: Leptographium Lagerb. & Melin sp., Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannf., O. minus (Hedgc.) Syd. & P. Syd., O. canum (Münch) Syd. & P. Syd., and O. piceae (Münch) Syd. & P. Syd. associated with blue wood. Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. was found in 7.8% of the studied samples of the fungal ora. Fairly high frequency of occurrence con rms the participation of the six-toothed bark beetle in the formation of complex centres of pine desiccation in the territory of Belarus. In the I. sexdentatus population, a signi cant proportion of entomopathogenic fungi (11.4%) was recorded using the molecular genetic method, which may indicate natural processes of self-regulation, or the attenuation of the outbreak of bark beetles in Belarus.
Insects pollinating parsnip Pastinaca sativa l. (Apiaceae) in Moscow province
Authors: Krivosheina M. G. , Kuklina A. G. , Ozerova N. A. , Ozerov A. L.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study was to test the ability of Pastinaca sativa , as one of the plants whose sap contains furanocoumarins, to attract the same types of insects as the most dangerous weed - Sosnowsky’s hogweed, which is widely spread in Russia. As a result, 46 species of pollinating insects from the orders Hymenoptera (3 species), Hemiptera (2 species), Coleoptera (10 species) and Diptera (31 species) have been recorded on P. sativa . Among the latter, representatives of Tachinidae (6 species), Anthomyiidae (6 species), Calliphoridae (4 species), and Syrphidae (4 species) predominated. About 50% of insects pollinating P. sativa are found on other species of umbrella plants, including native species Anthriscus sylvestris , Aegopodium podagraria , Angelica sylvestris ; on horticultural crops: Anethum graveolens , Petroselinum crispum , Carum carvi , Coriandrum sativum , Levisticum o cinale , and on the invasive hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi . It was not possible to detect any preference of insects for yellow (parsnip, lovage, dill) or white (kupyr, goutweed, angelica, hogweed, parsley, cumin, coriander) corolla color, plant height (from 30 cm to 2 m) or umbrella diameter (from 8 to 30 cm). Among all the captured insects, the following groups can be distinguished: those found on P. sativa and on wild-growing species of Apiaceae - 6 species; on P. sativa and garden crops - 4 species; on P. sativa and Heracleum sosnowskyi - 4 species; found on many species of Apiaceae - 10 species; found only on P. sativa - 24 species.
Microrhagus pyrenaeus Bonvouloir, 1872 и Hylis simonae (Olexa, 1970) - new to the russian fauna species of false click-beetles (Coleoptera, Eucnemidae)
Authors: Kovalev A. V. , Miroshnikov A. I.
Published: April 2024

Two species of false click-beetles, Microrhagus pyrenaeus Bonvouloir, 1872 and Hylis simonae (Olexa, 1970), previously considered endemic to Central and South Europe, are reported from Russia for the rst time based on specimens collected in Krasnodar Territory.
Additions to the leaf beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Omsk province
Authors: Moseyko A. G. , Ponomarev K. B. , Knyazev S. A.
Published: April 2024

Six species are recorded for the rst time from Omsk Province: Oulema septentrionis (Weise, 1880), Cryptocephalus caerulescens C. R. Sahlberg, 1839, C. frenatus Laicharting, 1781, C. punctiger Paykull, 1799, Aphthona franzi Heikertinger, 1944 and Longitarsus kutscherai (Rye, 1872). Oulema septentrionis , A. franzi and L. kutscherai are recorded from West Siberia for the rst time. Some notes on host plants are given.
New data on the distribution of the little known fritillary Melitaea (Mellicta) distans (Higgins, 1955) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with clarifi cation of the type locality
Authors: Kovalenko M. G. , Kolesnichenko K. A.
Published: April 2024

A specimen of a little known fritillary Melitaea ( Mellicta ) distans (Higgins, 1955) collected in China by the famous V. I. Roborovsky’s expedition to Central Asia (1883-1885) was found in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The exact type locality of this species situated near the mouth of the Kok-Terek River in North-Western China has been determined. Melitaea distans is for the rst time recorded from China.
A new species of the genus Diplocolenus Ribaut, subgenus Verdanulus Emeljanov (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) from the steppes of European Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors: Emeljanov A. F.
Published: April 2024

A new species Diplocolenus ( Verdanulus ) stepposus sp. n. with a Ponto-Kazakhstanian steppe distribution is described. The species is monophagous on the Volga fescue, Festuca valesiaca . Arguments in support of the distinctness of the subgenus Verdanulus are given. Some morphological transformations of the male genitalia in the genus Diplocolenus as a whole are discussed. Two independent immigrations of the subgenera Diplocolenus s. str. and Verdanus Oman into the Nearctic in di erent times are hypothesized.
Description of a new species of the bark beetle genus Tricosa Cognato, Smith et Beaver, 2020 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from the south of Primorskii territory (Russia)
Authors: Petrov A. V.
Published: April 2024

A new species Tricosa sokanovskii sp. n. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is described from the south of the Russian Far East based on the material from the neighbourhood of Vladivostok.
On the water striders (Heteroptera, Gerridae) of the fauna of russia: history of study, erroneous identifi cations, and features of biology
Authors: Kanyukova E. V.
Published: April 2024

The history of studies in Russia and a review of clari cation of ranges of water striders of the genus Gerris ( G. (s. str.) costae , G. (s. str.) thoracicus , G. ( Gerriselloides ) asper , G. ( Gerriselloides ) brachynotus and G. ( Gerriselloides ) lateralis ) in Russia are discussed. A critical review of the faunistic literature and erroneous records from our territory is given. For two species of Gerriselloides : G. asper and G. brachynotus , distribution maps with new locations are provided. The preference of species of the subgenera Gerris , Gerriselloides and Macrogerris with brownish dorsal surface for the shady part of water bodies is discussed.
On the weevil fauna (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of the Volga upland and the Oka-Don lowland
Authors: Dedyukhin S. V.
Published: April 2024

Information is provided on new ndings in European Russia of 14 rare species of weevils (Curculionidae), signi cantly complementing the knowledge of their distributions. Icaris sparganii pertinax , Ceutorhynchus nanus , Platypteronyx auritus , Platygasteronyx solskyi , Pseudorchestes asiaticus and Phacephorus hirtellus were recorded for the rst time on the Volga Upland ( Phacephorus hirtellus was reliably recorded for the rst time in the fauna of Europe). Ceutorhynchus nanus , Oprohinus suturalis , Tychius pumilus , Orchestes quedenfeldtii and Pseudorchestes exiguus are discovered for the rst time in the Oka-Don Lowland. Eight species are listed for the rst time for Saratov Province, six species, for Voronezh Province, and one species for Volgograd Province. For some species, new data on their host plants have been obtained.