bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rare case of cavernous hemangioma of neck mimicking lipoma
Authors: Lad Aditya Parimal , Batra Paras , Shetty Iresh , Rege Ishant , Batra Gaurav , Tulsian Akriti Rajkumar , Thakkar Saurabh Mahesh
Published: January 2017

Intramuscular hemangiomas of the head and neck are rare congenital vascular tumors and are sparsely reported. Hemangiomas account for approximately 7% of benign tumors and usually present as a mass that suddenly enlarges. Hemangiomas are mostly seen on the trunk and extremities, but can also appear on the head and neck region. A 28 year old female presented in OPD with 5x4 cm mass in Right posterior triangle of neck. CT scan showed 5x4x4 cm swelling in right posterior triangle involving sternocleidomastoid muscle. The mass was totally extracted by surgical intervention and pathological analysis revealed that it was a cavernous hemangioma. The patient’s neck movement returned to normal after surgery.
Congenital prepubic sinus: a series of six cases of extremely rare congenital anomaly
Authors: Singh Sudhir , Chaubey Digamber , Rawat J. D. , Singh Gurmeet
Published: January 2017

Congenital prepubic sinus (CPS) is a very rare congenital anomaly. The baby generally present with discharge from an opening situated in midline below umbilicus to root of penis in male or clitoris in female child. The etiology of this congenital anomaly is not exactly known. There is debate in etiology as one theory support anomalous anterior abdominal wall closure and another support variant of dorsal urethral duplication. Here we are presenting the six cases of CPS with their management and brief discussion on theories that have been proposed for their etiology.
A case report on traumatic diaphragmatic injury repaired with prolene mesh
Authors: Sharma Dhruva , Sharma Anil , Vaghela Parth , Dixit Sunil
Published: January 2017

Penetrating and blunt trauma rarely results into traumatic diaphragmatic hernia which oftenly undergo unrecognized. A 25 year old male admitted with chief complaints of difficulty in breathing since road traffic accident. Chest X-ray of the patient showed collapsed lung along with contents of abdomen in left hemithorax. Patient was stablised and contrast enhanced CT scan of chest was done which showed abdominal contents in left hemithorax with diaphragmatic injury on left side with no spillage of contents in thoracic cavity. Left posterolateral thoracotomy was done through 6th intercostal space. The abdominal contents were reduced back into the abdominal cavity with care and a circumferential tear of diaphragm was found with complete avulsion of diaphragm from chest wall anteriorly and laterally. Repair was done with prolene mesh as primary repair was not possible due to avulsion of margins from anterior and lateral walls. One left chest-drain was put which was removed on 3rd post-operative day. The patient was put on antibiotics in postoperative period and was started orally from 4th post-operative day after appearance of bowel sounds. The patient showed good recovery in postoperative period and was discharged on 8th postoperative day. Prompt diagnosis and surgical management is mandatory to avoid complications.
Giant hepatic hydatid cyst: one: in difficult hepatic segments VIII and the other: in segment VI
Authors: Ray M. S. , Deepak B. S.
Published: January 2017

Study present 02 cases of large hepatic hydatid cysts which were very challenging in their management due to their site, the approach taken during surgery and the close proximity to very vital structures. Hydatid cyst as a disease has remained a considerable potential of upsurge and re-emergence in humans. These patients presented with right upper abdominal pain for a prolonged duration. They were diagnosed as hepatic hydatid cysts after investigations. They underwent subtotal cystectomy with omentoplasty with excellent result without any recurrence and a high level of patient satisfaction.
A rare case of adult Ileo-ileal intussusception due to inflammatory fibroid polyp
Authors: Kalaskar Nitin , M. Tanga Sharad , Dhaded Ravindra B. , Thalasta Puneeth
Published: January 2017

Inflammatory fibroid polyps are uncommon; moreover, that polyp causing secondary intussusception in an adult are still rarer. Here, we report a case of inflammatory fibroid polyp of the small bowel that presented as just vague pain in the abdomen in a 48-year-old woman. Even though investigations reported Ileo-ileal intussusception caused by a polyp, the patient did not have clinical symptoms that could be correlated. The rareness of the disease made it a clinical challenge to subject the patient to laparotomy. The rareness of non-neoplastic condition being the cause for adult ileo-ileal intussusception and the clinical challenge associated with it makes it a case worth reporting.
An unusual case of relative polycythemia with complication of pseudocyst of pancreas
Authors: Venkat Shruthi Kamal , Sattar Reshma , Kumar Dinesh
Published: January 2017

Relative polycythemia is a term used to describe an elevation of the hematocrit level either caused by an acute transient state of hemoconcentration associated with intravascular fluid depletion or a chronic sustained relative polycythemia caused by contraction of the plasma volume. Relative polycythemia can occur when the plasma volume is reduced due to intravascular volume depletion during acute pancreatitis episode, complicating as pseudocyst of pancreas. We report a case of Relative Polycythemia with pseudocyst of Pancreas a secondary complication of pancreatitis.
Pulmonary blastoma: a case report of a rare lung tumour
Authors: Gautam Bishal , Devgarha Sanjeev , Mathur R. M. , Sisodiya Anula
Published: January 2017

Pulmonary blastomas are a rare aggressive neoplasm comprising 0.25-0.5% of all primary lung tumours. Morphologically they mimic foetal lung tissue before 4 months gestation. Study reports a case of 23-year-old male patient who came with heaviness in chest and breathing difficulty since one and a half months. On CT scan of chest, findings are suggestive of anterior mediastinal mass extending till right hila with cardiac displacement and compression. Histopathology confirmed the presence of pulmonary blastoma.
Infected hepatic cyst: an unusual differential diagnosis of peptic perforation
Authors: Jain Sanchit , Mangal Mahesh
Published: January 2017

Perforated peptic ulcer has many presentations with most cases presenting with pneumoperitoneum and signs of peritonitis. Here we report a case where preoperative evaluation suggested the presence of cyst associated with liver which intraoperatively revealed localized abscess secondary to peptic perforation. A 40 year old male patient presented with a tender lump confined to epigastrium and right hypochondrium, episodic vomiting, intermittent fever along with yellowish discoloration of sclera and urine for 10 days. CECT abdomen showed cystic lesion in left lobe of liver communicating with a loculated cavity which was present in association with right lobe of liver. Among the various diagnoses suggested was an infected hepatic cyst or liver abscess. During surgery there was a cystic collection of about 2 liters of pus between under surface of liver and stomach forming a pseudocyst. After draining the cavity two pinpoint perforations were found on the first part of duodenum. Omental patch repair of the perforation was done after freshening of margins with an uneventful postoperative period. CT scanning with oral contrast is the most valuable imaging technique for making an immediate and correct diagnosis of GI tract perforation especially in cases with negative X-ray and USG. On CECT abdomen hepatic cyst has sharply demarcated wall and is non-enhancing while liver abscess shows well demarcated hypodense areas with peripheral enhancement which may contain gas. The findings of the case show that although peptic perforation in itself is very common but it can have such a peculiar presentation.
Protocol for a phase III randomized trial of chemoradiation and systemic chemotherapy vs. systemic chemotherapy alone in patients with unresectable nonmetastatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Chopra Supriya , Engineer Reena , Mathew Ashwathy Susan , Mehta Shaesta , Ostwal Vikas , Goel Mahesh , Rajamanickam Karthick , Patil Prachi , Gupta Sudeep , Shetty Nitin , Kannan Sadhana , Polnaya Ashwin , Patkar Shraddha , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Agarwal Archi , Ramadwar Mukta , Shrikhande Shailesh , Joshi Kishore , Dandpani Epili , Shrivastava Shyam Kishore
Published: January 2017

Background: Systemic doublet chemotherapy constitutes the current standard of care for patients with unresectable non-metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. The use of doublet chemotherapy is associated with median survival of 11.7 months. Concurrent chemo-radiation in this cohort is associated with similar overall survival however the impact of combination of chemoradiation and systemic chemotherapy on overall survival has not been investigated.  The present phase III randomized study investigates the impact of chemoradiation in addition to systemic chemotherapy on overall survival.

Methods: Patients older than 18 years of age with diagnosis of unresectable non-metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with performance status 0-2and preserved liver function (Child Pugh score up to B7) will be eligible for study participation. The trial is designed such that patients will undergo stratified randomization (extra-hepatic vs. intrahepatic) either into systemic chemotherapy (standard arm) or chemo-radiation and systemic chemotherapy arm (experimental arm). The primary aim of the study is to compare difference in overall survival. The secondary aims of the study will focus on loco regional progression free survival and cause specific survival. The study will also report on the acute and late toxicity, quality of life and resectability rates in both the study arms. To demonstrate 7-month improvement in overall survival from 11 to 18 months a sample size of 142 is needed. Accounting for attrition a total of 155 patients will be accrued. All study subjects will be accrued after written informed consent. The trial is approved by the institutional ethics review board.

This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02773485
An epidemiological cross-sectional study to assess the level of stress and its association with hypertension in young adult population of age group 20 to 40 years in an urban slum of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Tadvi Amrin Y. , Bandi Janardhan R.
Published: January 2017

Background: Hypertension is a growing health concern in Asia and some tend to associate their hypertension to psychosocial stress. However, data on assessment of stress and its relationship with hypertension are rare. The objectives were to assess the level of stress and its relation with hypertension amongst the young population of 20 to 40 years of an urban slum of Mumbai.Methods:A cross sectional community based study of 450 participants in the age group of 20 to 40 years using systematic sampling technique with a random start. Data was collected using a questionnaire-cum-examination form that was devised relevant to the study. Blood pressure was assessed using shypnomanometer and stress was assessed using stress questionnaire score. Blood pressure <139/89 mm Hg (normal) & >140/90 mm of Hg (hypertension).Results: Amongst 450 participants, 41 (9.1%) participants had minimal stress, 164 (36.4%) had mild stress, 142 (31.6%) had moderate stress and 103 (22.9%) had severe stress. Out of 450 participants 73 (16.2%) had blood pressure >140/90 mm of Hg. Association between severe stress and hypertension was found to be statistical significant.Conclusions:Severe stress is associated with development of hypertension. Special attention should be given to increase the awareness about stress, its related complications and prevention and control measures.
Incidence of gestational hypertension among pregnant women (2006-2015) in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria: a retrospective study
Authors: Umegbolu Emmanuel I. , Ogamba John O.
Published: January 2017

Background: Gestational hypertension (GHTN) is defined as a new rise in blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg, presenting at 20 weeks gestation without significant proteinuria. Worldwide, 4.4%-15% of all pregnancies are complicated by HTN. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of GHTN among pregnant women in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria with a view to improving and strengthening antenatal services in the State to help reduce the proportion of maternal mortality and fetal outcomes attributable to GHTN and reduce the overall prevalence of HTN in the country.Methods:Records of BP, biodata and laboratory investigations (urinalysis, full blood count) of women who attended antenatal clinics in six selected state hospitals (2006-2015) were examined. Data were analyzed as proportions, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson product moment correlations using Maxstat (version 3.60) statistical software.Results: The overall incidence of GHTN was 5.9% with annual fluctuations with peaks in 2010 and 2014. There were significant differences in incidence among the age groups (<20 years, 20-35 years and >35 years) (p<0.0001) and between nulliparous and multiparous women (p=0.0016). There was positive, strong and significant correlation between age (20-35 years and >35 years) and GHTN (r=0.932, p=0.0069). Between parity and GHTN, there was also positive, strong and significant correlation (r=0.813, p=0.0491).Conclusions:With an incidence of GHTN at 5.9%, there is need to improve and sustain adequate antenatal services in order to help reduce the proportion of the country’s maternal mortality attributable to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Conformity assessment of drugs used by the elderly in terms of the beers criteria
Authors: Terzi Handan , Kitiş Yeter
Published: January 2017

Background: The risk of drug-drug interactions is more probable among the elderly population than that of the young patients, and this emerges as a potentially vital issue. Therefore, this survey aims to describe the conformity assessment of drugs used by the elderly in terms of The Beers Criteria.Methods:This descriptive study was conducted at two different nursing-homes with 301 seniors. The-AGS-2012-Beers-Criteria-List and a questionnaire, assessing the socio-demographic characteristics and the health-condition/illness-history of the elderly, were used in collecting the data. The data were gathered July 2013-July 2014, and evaluated via SPSS 16.0. Descriptive-statistics and the chi-square-test were used to identify the data.Results: The mean-age was 79.01±8.13. The most-common co-morbidity was brain-and-nervous-system-disorders, with a rate of 31.1%. The average-number of chronic-diseases was 3.5±1; three and more co-morbidity rate of the individuals was 70.8%.  The mean-quantity-of-medicine was 5.4±3.24. The most-frequently-used-drugs were Antidementia/Alzheimer's-Disease and Non-Steroidal-Anti-Inflammatory-Drugs (NSAIDs) 37.5% and 33.2% respectively. It was stated that 21.1% of-all-the-medication consumed-by-the seniors were “risky-to-use” according to The Beers Criteria. It was also reported that 23.8% of-all-medication used by the 65-74 age-group, 19% of-all-drugs used by the 75-84 age-interval, and 21.2% of-all-the medicine consumed by the 85-and-older-group were found “inappropriate” in terms of The Beers Criteria.Conclusions:In conclusion, the seniors have consumed a large-quantity-of-medicine; a significant-portion was concluded to be inappropriate-for-use in terms of the drug-drug and the drug-disease interactions according to The Beers Criteria. Nursing-home-health-care-professionals should re-assess the-medication-plans of the elderly by considering the-interaction-related-problems and should be aware of the potential-risks-of-the-drugs was suggested.
Safety of intradermal rabies vaccine as pre-exposure prophylaxis among veterinary students
Authors: H. S. Ravish , M. Aravind , D. H. Ashwath Narayana , P. Yannick , M. S. Phaneendra
Published: January 2017

Background: Animal bites are a major public health problem in our country. Pre-exposure vaccination using cell culture vaccines is a safe and effective method of preventing rabies and is recommended for anyone who will be at continual, frequent or increased risk of exposure to the rabies virus, as a result of their occupation, such as veterinarians, animal handlers and laboratory workers dealing with any lyssaviruses. The present study was done to assess the safety of purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine administered as pre-exposure regimen.Methods:The present study assessed the safety of purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine administered as a 3 dose intradermal pre-exposure vaccination in healthy volunteered veterinary students of Government Veterinary College, Bangalore.  Results: 122 apparently healthy adults of both sex, between 18 and 30 years of age were enrolled in the study and 105 (86%) completed all three doses. A total of 342 doses of intradermal vaccine were administered, among which 38 adverse reactions were reported from 19 veterinary students. The adverse reactions were pain at the injection site 7 (2.1%), redness 13 (3.8%), itching at the site of injection 11 (3.2%), induration 6 (1.8%) and headache 1 (0.3%). All reactions subsided without any complication and none of them dropped out from the study because of any adverse drug reactions.  Conclusions:Pre-exposure vaccination is a useful tool for protecting high risk groups and purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine has proved to be safe and well tolerated by intradermal route.
Study of mobile phone usage in medical students of deemed university of Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Yadav Jeevankumar U. , Yadav Deepmala J.
Published: January 2017

Background: Mobile phone holds the great importance in everyday life. Mobile phone and internet usage have become universal practice especially among the student community. Mobile Phone usage has both pros and cons.Methods: This study was planned in medical students of D. Y. Patil University to know the pattern, purpose & impact if any of mobile phone usage among them. The study included 200 undergraduate medical students of first to third year MBBS. All were explained the purpose of study and data was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire in June-August 2015.Results: There were more pre-paid users 81% than post-paid users. It has been seen that 65% of the participants were using mobile phone >2 hours per day and more than 200 rupees spent monthly by 120 (60%) users. 34 (17%) participants were always using mobiles while driving but men were found to be comparatively less (7.84%) in number with no significant difference. 20 (10%) complained of dry eyes, 11 (5.5%) had diminished hearing and 53 (26.5%) had some other reasons to complain. Headache & diminished hearing found to be more in girls 45 (30.20%) & 10 (6.71%) compared to boys. 21% of participants were always disturbed during sleep due to mobile phones. More than half (56.5%) of the participants were using mobile phones during college hours.Conclusions: Hence mobile usage during collage hours should be restricted, mandatory switching off during lecture hours in campus recommended. There is need to reduce mobile phone usage, switch off / silent mobiles during sleep time, avoid during driving and should be monitored mobile usage in adolescents.
Prevalence of hypertension among young adults in a Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Kumar Uttam , Sharma Om Prakash , Goyal Jaswant , Sain Saryu , Gupta Barkha , Rajendra Gite Amol
Published: January 2017

Background: Young adults are failed to observe in studies on impact of high blood pressure as they are esteemed to be at a low risk of developing the complication or disease. Study of disease prevalence and their relation with life style habits provide the information required to develop interventional strategies. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence of hypertension among young adults in Jaipur district, Rajasthan and to study the impact of life style habits like tobacco use and alcohol consumption on hypertension.Methods: Data were collected from 390 college students aged 18 years and older in selected degree college by a cross-sectional survey. Blood pressure recordings, anthropometric measurements as well as socio-demographic characteristics were collected.Results: High blood pressure was observed in 152 out of the 390 students (38.97%), of which the 20 (5.13%) are hypertensive, majority were newly diagnosed (65%). Prevalence of high blood pressure among male students was higher (40.29% compared to 37.5% among female students). Out of total 33.85% and 5.12 % of the students were found to pre-hypertensive and hypertensive respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was found higher among those with a history of smoking or alcohol consumption.Conclusions: Majority of students with high blood pressure (hypertensive stage) were previously undiagnosed. A large number of students were in pre-hypertensive stage. Their early identification and right intervention at right time will lessen the impact of high blood pressure in productive age.
Seroconversion following H1N1 influenza vaccination among health care personnel in South Kerala, India
Authors: U. Anuja , R. S. Rajasi , K. H. Ratheesh , K. VijayaKumar , Fettil Amar
Published: January 2017

Background: Health care workers were prioritized by World Health Organization (WHO) for H1N1 vaccination during 2009 swine influenza pandemic following which in Kerala, a total of 72,000 people mostly health care personnel were immunized with a single dose of inactivated split influenza monovalent H1N1 vaccine in 2010. The present study was carried out with the objective to find out the proportion of health care workers seroconverted in Kerala following H1N1 vaccination.Methods:A cross-sectional study conducted in three districts of Kerala. Blood samples collected from 193 health staffs were analysed for H1N1 antibody titre 6 months following single dose of vaccination. Univariate analysis was done using proportions for qualitative variables.Results: 99.5% of health staffs seroconverted following vaccination and none of them developed disease even after getting exposed to H1N1 cases thereafter.Conclusions:Single dose of H1N1 vaccine is found to offer sufficient protection and should be recommended for health care workers. So all health care personnel shall consider H1N1 vaccination for their own protection.
Tobacco smoking perception and practice among pre-university students in a government boy’s college: a cross sectional study
Authors: Basagoudar Shashidhar S. , R. Chandrashekhar , Hatanoor Shivappa , Kirte Rahul C.
Published: January 2017

Background: Tobacco is the single most preventable cause of death in the world hence this study was aimed at detecting the prevalence of tobacco smoking among students of a government pre-university college for boys, to find out the perception of students about tobacco smoking and factors related to the tobacco smoking among students.Methods:A cross sectional study conducted among purposively selected students of Government Pre-university College for boys. Data was collected through pre-structured questionnaire. Tobacco smoking was assessed by self reporting by filling the questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of ever use of tobacco smoking was 13.7% and current smokers were 5.6%. Mean age of starting smoking was 14.16 yrs. 66% of students were aware that tobacco smoking can lead to cancer. In majority (81.1%) of ever smoked students, their friends have motivated them to smoke for the first time. 93% of students knew that passive smoking is injurious to health. 83% of students felt that tobacco should be banned. Having a smoker in the family (p=0.035) and a student residing away from parents (p=0.007) are positively associated with ever smoking tobacco.Conclusions:Tobacco smoking is prevalent among the boys of government pre-university college students. Majority of students have better perception about tobacco smoking. Familial support and peer involvement are crucial in controlling the tobacco smoking.
The relationship between frequency of fogging focus and incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in Bandung in year 2010-2015
Authors: Yee Li Yue , Heryaman Henhen , Faridah Lia
Published: January 2017

Background: Incidence rate of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Bandung city is still considerably high over the years. There is no well-documented example of the effectiveness of fogging focus and there is no data on fogging focus activities that have been undertaken by Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between frequency of fogging focus and incidence of DHF cases in Bandung from year 2010 to 2015.Methods: An analytical observational study with cross sectional design was conducted from September 2016 to November 2016. Population of this research was all DHF patients in Bandung. Data collected was analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient.Results: Correlation between frequency of fogging focus and incidence of DHF cases was significant (p<0.05). Correlation coefficient of 0.703 is indicative of a strong positive correlation between the two variables.Conclusions: Frequency of fogging focus and incidence of DHF cases are positively correlated. This indicates that the higher the frequency of fogging focus, the higher the incidence of DHF cases.
Depression and its associated factors among elderly patients attending rural primary health care setting
Authors: Varadappa Sanjay Thittamaranahalli , Puthussery Yannick Poulose , Muralidhar Madhusudan , Nugehally Raju Ramesh Masthi , Bllagumba Gangaboraiah
Published: January 2017

Background: Depression is a growing public health challenge in India due to increase in the population of elderly and drastic changes in the socio-cultural environment. There is a dearth of information regarding depression among elderly patients attending primary health care setting in rural India. Hence present study was undertaken.Methods:Data was collected from seventy five elderly patients attending a preventive geriatric clinic in a rural health training centre with the help of pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire by employing interviewer administered method. In the clinic, elderly patients were screened for cognitive impairment by using translated version of abbreviated mental test (AMT) scale. Data on socio-demographic characteristics were collected. Anthropometric measurements such as standing height, weight and waist circumference were taken as per standard guidelines. Depression was assessed by validated geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) (Kannada version). Subsequently, the standard of living index and housing conditions were assessed by visiting the houses of the elderly patients.Results: The proportion of depression among elderly was found to be 32%. Depression was found to be statistically associated with illiteracy (P<0.05, OR=4.6) and lack of separate living room in the house (P= 0.01, OR= 3.5) and not associated with obesity.Conclusions:Around one third elderly patients attending the primary health care setting were found to be suffering from depression. The illiteracy and lack of separate living room for elderly in the house were associated with depression, which call for further in-depth research.
The changes in saliva cotinine during Ramadan among a group of Muslim smokers in Malaysia
Authors: Zulkifley Nuraisyah H. , Ismail Suriani , Manaf Rosliza A.
Published: January 2017

Background: Smoking is a negative health behaviour that brought in health and social problems into the community. The effects of smoking can be decreased by promoting smoking cessation. One of the approaches in smoking cessation intervention focuses on the supportive environment that can be naturally found during the Ramadan where every Muslim is obligated to fast which included abstaining from smoking.Methods:A total of 61 male, Muslim smokers who currently smoke cigarette on daily basis were recruited. The study was conducted by using the one-group pretest-posttest study design to evaluate the effect of Ramadan environment on saliva cotinine among a group of smokers who work at a local authority in Selangor. The data were collected three times which were one week before Ramadan, 21st of Ramadan and 21 days after Ramadan. The saliva cotinine were measured by using SalivaBio oral swab (SOS) and cotinine biomarker research salivary assay kits and protocols by Salimetrics with the sensitivity of 0.15ng/ml. Data analysis was conducted by using One-way ANOVA with repeated measures and paired t-test.Results: The study showed a significant difference in the saliva cotinine level from before, during and after Ramadan (p = 0.002). From the post-hoc test, there is a significant positive changes in the saliva cotinine level from before Ramadan to during Ramadan (t (60) = 3.66, p = 0.001).Conclusions:The saliva cotinine level of the smokers decreased during Ramadan. This can provide an opportunity for easier initiation of smoking cessation for the smokers.
Knowledge and awareness towards dengue infection and its prevention: a cross sectional study from rural area of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Chellaiyan Vinoth Gnana , Manoharan Aravind , Ramachandran Murali
Published: January 2017

Background: Dengue infection transmitted by Aedes aegypti is endemic in India. Environmental changes and lack of awareness result in increase in transmission of dengue infection and rise in dengue outbreaks. The present study was conducted to determine the knowledge of dengue infection and practices towards dengue prevention among a rural population in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu.Methods:The study was cross sectional study, conducted in Kadambadi village of Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu. The study was conducted among 224 study participants from June - August 2016. Systematic random sampling was followed for selecting the houses. A pretested, semi structured questionnaire was used. Significance of difference in proportions (qualitative variables) was calculated using Chi square test. Significance of p value was taken as p< 0.05.Results: Among the study participants, 210 (93.7%) heard about dengue infection. Fifty percent of participants responded correctly the symptoms of dengue infection. 89% responded correctly that dengue is transmitted by Aedes mosquito. Around 40% of the participants had correct knowledge about the breeding habitat and biting habit of Aedes mosquito. Study participants use various methods - mosquito coils (63.4%), mosquito nets (14.7%) for mosquito bite prevention.  24.1% does not follow any method of mosquito bite prevention.Conclusions:Though majority of the study participants heard about dengue symptoms and mosquito transmitting dengue infection, less than half were aware about breeding habits of Aedes mosquito and 25% did not follow any method of mosquito bite prevention practices. Community awareness is a key role in improvising dengue prevention practices.
Study of lifestyle disease risk factors among school going adolescents of urban Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Mahmood Syed Esam , Bilal Khan Khan Mohammad , Agrawal Ajay Kumar
Published: January 2017

Background: The rising burden of preventable risk factors for life style diseases among adolescents is a major public health challenge worldwide. This study was conducted to identify the preventable risk factors for life style diseases in adolescents.Methods:This cross-sectional study was undertaken amongst adolescents studying in senior secondary schools of urban Bareilly using purposive sampling. The students were surveyed through a self administered questionnaire after taking consent from their principal. Dietary practices, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol use were assessed. Blood pressure and body mass index were measured. The data was analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Out of 250 participants, majority (62.0%) were males. Only 4.8% were currently using tobacco while 3.2% respondents admitted having consumed alcohol in last 30 days. Only 28.8% did brisk walking and cycling for at least 30 minutes continuously thrice a week. Nearly 22.4% were involved in moderate intensity sports while 20.4% in vigorous intensity sports. Nearly 5.6% regularly practiced yoga. About 52.4% were non vegetarians. Nearly 70.8% consumed adverse food items such as fried food, cheese, butter, meat, egg, sweetened drinks, pizza, burger, bakery items, pickles and sauces daily. Only 64% consumed fruits while 75.6% consumed vegetables for at least three days in a typical week. Also 24.4% added extra salt to cooked food items.  The overall prevalence of hypertension was 12.0%. About 64.4% were underweight, while 7.6% were overweight.Conclusions:Adoption of healthy lifestyles by all adolescents is critical for the prevention of lifestyle diseases.
Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in rural field practice area of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Authors: D. Prashant , K. C. Jaideep , A. Girija , M. D. Mallapur
Published: January 2017

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy accounts for one fifth of maternal deaths worldwide and is a major factor responsible for low birth weight. In India, 16% of maternal deaths are attributed to anaemia. Prevalence of anaemia is higher among pregnant women and it persists in India despite of the availability of effective, low-cost interventions for prevention and treatment. The objective was to study the prevalence of anaemia among rural pregnant women and also to study various socio-demographic factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out between February to July 2016 amongst 400 pregnant women residing in PHC Handignur were interviewed using pre-tested pre-designed questionnaire. Hb percentage was estimated by using Sahli’s method.Results: Total of 291 pregnant women were found out to have Hb levels less than 11 gm%. 9 pregnant women were found to have severe anaemia, 149 had moderate anaemia, 133 had mild anaemia. Factors such as literacy status, open air defecation were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy.Conclusions:Prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women was found to be 72.75%. Early detection and effective management of anaemia in pregnancy can contribute substantially to reduction in maternal mortality.
Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in adults: a nique study at field practice area of urban health training centre
Authors: Ingale Abhijeet S. , Dixit J. V.
Published: January 2017

Background: The theme for World Health Day 2013 based on controlling high blood pressure, a condition which affects more than one in three adults and leads to more than nine million deaths worldwide every year. There is a felt need for the community based studies in urban and rural areas of our country with a view to determine the geographic differences in the prevalence of hypertension. The knowledge about the existing risk factors of hypertension in the local community helps in developing prevention programs tailor-made to modify behavioral changes and promoting healthy lifestyles among the target groups. The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and examine its associated risk factors in an urban area. The aim and objectives were to find out the prevalence of hypertension in the field practice area of Urban Health Training Centre and to study the risk factors associated with hypertension.Methods:A case control study after community based cross sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of Urban Health Training Centre of Government Medical College, Aurangabad, India. Subjects were examined with the help of pretested proforma. The blood pressure, weight, height of the subjects were measured and recorded according to standard protocol. Data was entered and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software.Results: 305 study subjects were examined. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 26.2%. Prevalence of hypertension was more in females 33.3% than in males 16.8% which was found to be statistically significant. All risk factors were subjected to multiple logistic regression analysis. Out of fourteen risk factors submitted for multivariate analysis, five out to be significant and independent risk factors for hypertension i.e. (higher socioeconomic status, Mixed diet, Additional dietary salt intake, <8hrs of sleep and restless sleep).Conclusions:These observations re-emphasize the need for tailor-made hypertension awareness programs. It also brings to light the need for follow-up, counselling and monitoring of hypertensive’s to reduce non-compliance to anti-hypertensive medication and lifestyle modification in urban areas.
Achievements and implications of HIV prevention programme among uniform service personnel: a systematic evaluation of HAF II project in Kogi state, Nigeria
Authors: Adelekan Ademola L. , Musa Gabriel , Aliyu Hamza , Obinatu Remi , Shaibu Williams , Adah Patrick , Adeoye Segun , Olugbile Michael , Adegoke Temilade , Olaleye Oladipupo S. , Omoregie Philomena , Sani Aliyu , Alhassan Emmanuel , John Tobias , Ladeinde Oluwakemi
Published: January 2017

Background: Considering HIV pandemic among uniform service personnel (UPS), a lot of HIV intervention programmes designed to mitigate the spread have not been very successful thus the introduction of the HIV minimum prevention package intervention (MPPI). This paper therefore presents the achievements of HIV prevention programme among UPS in Kogi State, Nigeria including its implications for programming.Methods: This project was implemented among uniform service personnel who are in army, police, custom and prison in Kogi State. A total of 2676 was an estimated sample size for this intervention and MPPI was used for implementation of project activities. Data were entered on DHIS2 platform and later exported and analyzed using Microsoft Excel.Results: Out of the total number of 67 community dialogues/advocacies carried out during the project period, 56.7% were done in 2014 and a total of 187 participants participated with a participating rate of 62.0% and 38.0% in 2014 and 2015 respectively. The total number of condoms distributed during the entire project was 7,387 and 3038 peers were registered during the project. A total of 82.6% and 71.6% were reached with HIV counselling and testing and MPPI respectively while the prevalence of HIV was 5.3%.Conclusions: This intervention successfully scaled-up demand creation for condoms and HIV counselling and testing among uniform service personnel. More engagement at all levels to engender political commitment and ownership of the HIV response with a view of ensuring sustainability through increased funding should therefore be encouraged.
O Reconhecimento Indígena além do Direito: uma referência ao povo indígena Tapuia do Carretão
Authors: Bicalho Poliene Soares dos Santos
Published: January 2017

Resumo: o objetivo central deste artigo é averiguar se há efetivamente Reconhecimento Indígena no Brasil, por parte do não indígena, a partir da Constituição de 1988. Para tanto, o povo indígena Tapuia do Carretão é referenciado como objeto de observação e análise, tendo em vista as categorias Proximidade e Distanciamento, com o intuito de legar algumas
repostas à temática proposta.
Palavras-chave: Reconhecimento Indígena. Tapuia do Carretão. Constituição Federal de 1988.
Comportamiento del SDS localizado en la región interfacial del sistema agua/n-octano. Un estudio usando dinámica molecular
Authors: Parra José Gregorio , Aray Yosslen R.
Published: January 2017

En este trabajo, usando dinámica molecular se determinaron las propiedades interfaciales y el comportamiento del Dodecil Sulfato de Sodio (SDS) ubicado en la región interfacial de los sistemas vacío/agua y agua/n-octano. La tensión interfacial fue estimada con el modelo propuesto por Kirkwood y Buff [23]. A su vez, los espesores de película interfacial fueron determinados usando los criterios 10-90 y 90-90. Además, el área por molécula fue estimado con la variación de la presión superficial en función de la concentración del surfactante. En los sistemas vacío/SDS/agua, el área por molécula del SDS fue obtenida con dos procedimientos diferentes. Los valores fueron 53.3 Å2 y 54.3 Å2, respectivamente. Para los sistemas agua/n-octano y agua/SDS/n-octano, los espesores de película interfacial aumentan en función del número de moléculas de surfactantes presentes en la región interfacial. Los resultados obtenidos son consistentes con datos medidos por experimentación.
Avifauna de Tobar Donoso, Carchi, Ecuador
Authors: Mena Valenzuela Patricio Romel , Garzón Santomaro César , Mena Olmedo Javier Patricio , Román Hernando
Published: January 2017

Presentamos los resultados de un estudio ornitológico realizado en la localidad de Tobar Donoso, provincia del Carchi, Ecuador, en septiembre de 2009 y agosto de 2010. Esta localidad está ubicada en el noroccidente de Ecuador en la margen izquierda del río San Juan, en el límite con Colombia. Para el registro de aves en áreas boscosas establecimos tres transectos y cuatro sitios para su captura. Además, en otros hábitats realizamos observaciones en períodos de alta actividad de las aves. En el área, registramos 210 especies, 59 especies están clasificadas bajo diferentes categorías de riesgo de extinción, 28 son endémicas, tres son migratorias boreales y una es migratoria intertropical. La diversidad es alta, la mayoría de especies habitan áreas boscosas y son especies características de la Bioregión del Chocó. En los alrededores de Tobar Donoso, el bosque se encuentra en buen estado de conservación; sin embargo, algunos lugares han sido intervenidos con actividades antropogénicas como la cacería, extracción de madera y actividades agropecuarias.Avifauna of Tobar Donoso, Carchi, EcuadorWe present the results of an ornithological study conducted in Tobar Donoso, province of Carchi, Ecuador, in September 2009 and August 2010. The locality is in northwestern Ecuador, on the left bank of the San Juan river at the border with Colombia. To record birds in forested areas, we established three transects and four sites for capture. In addition, we conducted observations in other habitats during periods of high bird activity. In the area, we recorded 210 species, 59 species are classified under different extinction risk categories, 28 are endemic, three are boreal migrants and one is an intertropical migrant. Diversity is high, most species are forest areas and correspond to the Chocó Bioregion. Around Tobar Donoso, the forest is in good condition; however, some places have been affected by anthropogenic activities such as hunting, logging, and farming.
Otro registro de leucismo parcial en la Focha Andina Fulica ardesiaca (Aves: Gruiformes: Rallidae) en Ecuador
Authors: Mena Valenzuela Patricio Romel , Mena González Sebastián Diego
Published: January 2017

A new case of partial leucism is described from an individual of Andean Coot Fulica ardesiaca. It was observed and photographed in the Lake San Pablo, canton Otavalo, province of Imbabura, Ecuador. White marks were present on the wings, throat and venter, while the rest of the body showed the gray-black typical coloration.Se describe un nuevo caso de leucismo parcial en un individuo de Focha Andina Fulica ardesiaca. Se observó y fotografío en el Lago San Pablo, cantón Otavalo, provincia de Imbabura, Ecuador. Marcas blancas estuvieron presentes en las alas, garganta y vientre, mientras que el resto del cuerpo presentaba la coloración gris-negruzca típica.
Comparison of microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestibility of Medicago sativa and Prangos pabularia hay in sheep
Authors: Guney Mehtap , Erdogan Sibel , Karsli Mehmet Akif , Demirel Murat
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to compare feed intake, nutrients digestibility, protein fractions entering into the duodenum, and ruminal fermentation parameters of sheep fed Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Prangos pabularia, locally called kerkol hays. In the study three ruminally and duodenally cannulated Morkaraman sheep were used. It was carried out as two periods within a 2x3 crossover experimental design. Daily intake of crude protein (CP) was higher (P less than 0.05) in sheep fed alfalfa than those fed kerkol hay. Digestibility of NDF and ADF were lower (P less than 0.05) in sheep fed alfalfa hay than those fed kerkol hay (P less than 0.05). The percentage of protein escaping ruminal degradation was higher (P less than 0.05) in sheep fed kerkol hay (30.73%) than those fed alfalfa hay (15.05%). Ruminal fermentation parameters were similar between groups, except ruminal NH3-N concentration. It is concluded that kerkol hay can be used as forage for sheep feeding.
3’-UTR polymorphisms of SETD7 gene associate with economic traits in an F2 population between Landrace and Jeju (Korea) Black pigs
Authors: Han Sang-Hyun , Kang Yong-Jun , Jeong Dong Kee , Cho In-Cheol
Published: January 2017

In order to reveal the association between genotypes of SET domain-containing protein 7; Histone H3-lysine 4-specific methyltransferase (SETD7) gene and economic traits in pigs, this study tested the association between SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genotypes of 3’-untranslated region of SETD7 g.1354C greater than T and growth and carcass traits in a resource population of the crossbred Landrace × Jeju Black pig (JBP). SETD7 T- pigs showed significantly thicker back fat levels than those of CC homozygotes (P less than 0.05). However, the levels of average daily gains, body weights, loin muscle area, marbling score, and meat colors did not show significant association (P greater than 0.05). These results reveal faster growth rates in the late period of production, especially backfat deposition at the subcutaneous region according to genotypes of the SETD7 gene. These findings indicate that SETD7 genotypes may involve fat deposition or adipocyte differentiation and assist as molecular genetic markers for improving the JBP-related crossbreeding systems.
The potential of the development of Holstein crossbreed dairy cows intropical lowland Indonesia: study of physiological and milkproduction by body cooling treatment
Authors: . Suyadi , Qisthon Arif , Busono Woro , Surjowardojo Puguh
Published: January 2017

The research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of body cooling techniques on physiological and milk production of Holstein crossbred dairy cow at lowland area during the dry season. Three treatments have been done for 30 days that were: none, fans, and water sprinkling cooling, for 30 minutes each at 08.00 and 11.00 h. The effects of treatment are not significant (P > 0.05) on air temperature, RH, THI, respiration rate, heart rate, and heat tolerance coefficient. The rectal temperature by sprinkling (38.76 °C) was within the normal range, lower (P less than 0.05) than the fans (39.59 °C) and none (39.57 °C). Sprinkling increased serum T3 concentrations (2.81 ng/ml), higher than none (1.58 ng/ml) (P less than 0.05). The effect of treatment is not significant (P > 0.05) on milk production, dry matter, TDN and crude protein intake. The research highlighted that water sprinkling was effective in maintaining normal physiological condition of Holstein crossbreed cows in hot lowland environments.