bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NATURAL DEGASSING OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND HYDROGEN SULPHIDE AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AT MILOS ISLAND, GREECE
Authors: Kyriakopoulos G.K.
Published: July 2017

The Aegean region represents an active convergent zone, where continental micro-plates exhibit a complex interaction between the African and the Eurasian plates. The calc-alkaline volcanic activity of the Southern Aegean region developed in various volcanic centers from Soussaki to Nisyros through Methana-Poros, Milos and Santorini. Milos Island has been an active volcano till the middle of Quaternary and is at present characterized by a high enthalpy geothermal system. The volcanism started 3.5 Ma ago and still continues up today in the form of post-volcanic manifestations. Most quiescent volcanoes released large amounts of CO2 and H2S through fumarolic activity and soil diffuse degassing. Numerous small fumaroles occur in various places, mainly at Kalamos and Adamas volcanic areas. Also along the southern coast of the island there are volcanic gas manifestations in the sea. Gases were sampled from fumaroles at Kalamos area as well as from north east part of Adamas village. Furthermore many soil gases were sampled at 50 cm depth and analyzed for their chemical composition. Apart from atmospheric gases (N2 and O2), which sometimes contaminate the samples, the main gas phase is CO2. Sometimes also H2S, CH4 and H2 are present in high amounts while CO and He are always present in trace amounts. The He isotopic composition highlights a significant mantle component. CO2 and H2S concentrations higher than in the normal atmosphere can be stimulating for plant growth until certain levels and detrimental above them. As for many active geothermal areas of the world also H2S and CO2 concentrations measured in the area of Milos could be of concern for human health.
NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECTS ON THE SOIL GEOCHEMISTRY OF KAVALA AREA, NORTHERN GREECE
Authors: Papastergios G. , Filippidis A. , Fernandez–Turiel J.L , Gimeno D. , Sikalidis C.
Published: July 2017

A total of 65 surface soils and 8 rock samples from the area surrounding the city of Kavala, Northern Greece, was collected and analyzed for their contents in 10 major and 32 trace elements. The extraction of the elements from the < 200μm soil fraction was based on the digestion of 0.1g of each sample with 2ml HNO3. The analytical methods used were ICP-OES and ICP-MS and the elements determined were Al, Ca, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S, Si, Ag, As, B, Ba, Cd, Ce, Co, nCr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hg, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Y, Zn and Zr. Comparisons between the concentrations of the surface soil samples and the surrounding rock samples indicate that the majority of major, as well as, of trace elements are found in the surface soils of Kavala with such concentrations that are considered as the product of natural processes such as the weathering of parent rocks and pedogenesis. However, there are some nmajor elements (Cl, Na, S) and trace elements (Ag, As, Pb, V, Zn) that are present in the surface soils of the study area with elevated concentrations that cannot be regarded as the sole product of natural processes, but as the result of both, natural and anthropogenic activities, especially for the samples that are situated inside the industrial area of Kavala.
PETROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF CARBONATE ROCKS FROM THE IONIAN ZONE (ETOLOAKARNANIA, WESTERN GREECE)
Authors: Bourouni P. , Tsikouras B. , Hatzipanagiotou K.
Published: July 2017

The petrographic features of the carbonate rocks from the Ionian Zone in the Etoloakarnania Prefecture are presented. They are represented by limestones with minor dolomite. The limestones include: (i) wackestones (or sparse micrites), with poor presence of allochems within a mud matrix; (ii) packstones (or packed micrites) with increasing levels of carbonate grains that are still surrounded by micrite matrix, and (iii) grainstones (or sparites) containing allochems that are cemented with sparry calcite crystals, while the mud matrix is absent. Bioclasts are the dominant carbonate components in most of the samples accompanied by infrequent pelloids, intraclasts, lithoclasts and ooids. Crystalline limestones were not identified. Quartz, apatite, barite, anhydrite, halite, clay minerals, magnetite and ilmenite have been determined as accessory phases. The results show that mineralogical and petrographic features of the analyzed carbonate rocks are related to their evolution during the development of the Ionian Zone from a shallow-marine platform to a deep water basin.
FTIR STUDY OF TWO DIFFERENT LIGNITE LITHOTYPES FROM NEOCENE ACHLADA LIGNITE DEPOSITS IN NW GREECE
Authors: Oikonomopoulos I. , Perraki Th. , Tougiannidis N.
Published: July 2017

The FTIR spectra for both Neogene xylite and matrix lignite samples from Achlada NW Greece show significant differences, which are mainly evident in aliphatic stretching region (3000-2800 cm-1) where the intensities of the vibrations are reduced in matrix lignite lithotype compared to xylite one. The intense bands in the region 3402-3416 cm-1 are attributed to -OH stretching of H2O and phenol groups. The bands at ~3697 cm-1 and ~3623 cm-1 as well as at ~538 cm-1 and 470 cm-1, which are more evident in the FTIR spectra of matrix lignite, are attributed to higher content of clay minerals in the samples of this lithotype. The stretching vibration appears at ~1032 cm-1 is intense in all matrix lignite samples and it is broadening in the xylite ones. The FTIR spectra of all samples confirm the progressive elimination of aliphatic vibrations from xylite lithotype to matrix lignite one and the appearance of clay minerals in the latter. As a whole the FTIR spectra of both xylite and matrix lignite confirm the significant differences between these two lignite lithotypes.
Using spectral decomposition of the signals from laurdan-derived probes to evaluate the physical state of membranes in live cells
Authors: Mazeres Serge , Fereidouni Farzad , Joly Etienne
Published: August 2017

Background:We wanted to investigate the physical state of biological membranes in live cells under the most physiological conditions possible.

Methods:For this we have been using laurdan, C-laurdan or M-laurdan to label a variety of cells, and a biphoton microscope equipped with both a thermostatic chamber and a spectral analyser. We also used a flow cytometer to quantify the 450/530 nm ratio of fluorescence emissions by whole cells.

Results:We find that using all the information provided by spectral analysis to perform spectral decomposition dramatically improves the imaging resolution compared to using just two channels, as commonly used to calculate generalized polarisation (GP). Coupled to a new plugin called Fraction Mapper, developed to represent the fraction of light intensity in the first component in a stack of two images, we obtain very clear pictures of both the intra-cellular distribution of the probes, and the polarity of the cellular environments where the lipid probes are localised.

Our results lead us to conclude that, in live cells kept at 37°C, laurdan, and M-laurdan to a lesser extent, have a strong tendency to accumulate in the very apolar environment of intra-cytoplasmic lipid droplets, but label the plasma membrane (PM) of mammalian cells ineffectively. On the other hand, C-laurdan labels the PM very quickly and effectively, and does not detectably accumulate in lipid droplets.

Conclusions:From using these probes on a variety of mammalian cell lines, as well as on cells fromDrosophilaandDictyostelium discoideum, we conclude that, apart from the lipid droplets, which are very apolar, probes in intracellular membranes reveal a relatively polar and hydrated environment, suggesting a very marked dominance of liquid disordered states. PMs, on the other hand, are much more apolar, suggesting a strong dominance of liquid ordered state, which fits with their high sterol contents.
BlobTools: Interrogation of genome assemblies
Authors: Laetsch Dominik R. , Blaxter Mark L.
Published: July 2017

The goal of many genome sequencing projects is to provide a complete representation of a target genome (or genomes) as underpinning data for further analyses. However, it can be problematic to identify which sequences in an assembly truly derive from the target genome(s) and which are derived from associated microbiome or contaminant organisms. 

We present BlobTools, a modular command-line solution for visualisation, quality control and taxonomic partitioning of genome datasets. Using guanine+cytosine content of sequences, read coverage in sequencing libraries and taxonomy of sequence similarity matches, BlobTools can assist in primary partitioning of data, leading to improved assemblies, and screening of final assemblies for potential contaminants. 

Through simulated paired-end read dataset,s containing a mixture of metazoan and bacterial taxa, we illustrate the main BlobTools workflow and suggest useful parameters for taxonomic partitioning of low-complexity metagenome assemblies.
Competence-Based Approach in Evaluation Procedures in the Process of Certification Procedure for Compliance with the Position of the Head of the Educational Organization of the Capital’s School
Authors: Рытов  , Rytov A. , Мотуренко  , Moturenko N.
Published: August 2017

The article considers the use of the competence-based approach in technology of Certifi cation Procedure for Compliance with the Position of the Head of the Educational Organization. Characteristics of managerial competencies, their diagnosis and evaluation are given.
The Effectiveness of Control and Supervisio№ Activities i№ the Field of Education
Authors: Феклин  , Feklin S. , Ладнушкина  , Ladnushkina N.
Published: August 2017

In accordance with the Federal Law No. 294-FZ of 26.12.2008 “On the Defense of the Rights of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs in the Conduct of State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control”, annually the government oversight(supervision) authorities, the bodies of municipal control in accordance with the procedure established by the Government of the Russian Federation, prepare reports on the eff ectiveness of their activities. At the same time, the legislator did not formulate the defi nition of “eff ective control (supervision)”, and effi ciency reports are based primarily on quantitative indicators (information on state (municipal) employees, the number of inspections, the size of fi nes, a list of violations detected and prosecuted persons, information on Judicial decisions, otherwise). The authors of the article, analyzing the normative legal acts, studied the practice of conducting inspections in the sphere of education of Moscow and other subjects of the Russian Federation, set forth a scientifi c view on the effi ciency of control and supervision activity, propose a model, as well as indicators for assessing the eff ectiveness of inspections in education.
Continuity of Pre-profile Education and Secondary Vocational Education
Authors: Бычков  , Bychkov Anatoliy
Published: August 2017

The methods of formation of motivation of students of secondary school to continue education in secondary vocational education are given. The new approaches to the use of the learning outcomes of students in the subject “Technology” in the educational process in college are disclosed. The author justifi ed the expediency of the formation of understanding the creative content of the work of mid-level professionals, career opportunities and getting fair remuneration and opportunities for personal self-realization in professional activity of specialists of this level and prospects of continuing education in higher education.
Small Animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: August 2017

Introduction:

Vasa vasorum arteriopathy is a recently described complication of hypertension in the cat, and is associated with other hypertensive vasculopathies such as arteriosclerosis.
Burrowing mites in companion animals
Authors: Castro Pablo David Jimenez , Morris Arthur V
Published: August 2017

Ectoparasite infections caused by mites present a consistent and frequent challenge to veterinary practitioners. Of the estimated 0.5–1 million mite species on earth, there is a subgroup that are parasitic and can cause major disease. These parasites can pose challenges such as mis-identification and limited treatment options, as well as the need to change husbandry practices to prevent transmission. Of the mites of companion animals, burrowing mites are of particular importance due to their propensity to cause mange in the infested host. The most important of these are Sarcoptes scabiei, Notoedres cati, and Demodex spp., all of which are capable of causing profound infestation and disease. In order to have a good prognosis for cure in mange, treatment and identification of underlying diseases needs to be accurate. In addition, treatment should be monitored past clinical and microscopic cure, to minimise the risk of recrudecence.
Humeral fractures
Authors: Perry Karen L , Woods Samantha
Published: August 2017

Humeral fractures are challenging injuries to deal with. Thorough patient assessment is necessary on presentation, to evaluate for concurrent injuries and to rule out pathologic fractures. External coaptation is not considered a viable treatment option for the vast majority of humeral fractures and surgical stabilisation is recommended. Humeral fractures are classified as proximal, midshaft and distal, with various sub-classifications within each category. Fractures of the greater tubercle and humeral head are generally stabilised using a tension band apparatus and additional K-wires or lag screws where necessary. Humeral neck fractures are commonly transverse and amenable to compression plate fixation craniolaterally, but for comminuted fractures a form of bridging fixation is required. Fractures of the midshaft of the humerus can be repaired via a range of fixation strategies including plates, external skeletal fixation, interlocking nails, intramedullary pins and cerclage wires, and combination techniques. Distal humeral fractures include those of the medial or lateral humeral condyle, commonly stabilised using a transcondylar screw and a supracondylar K-wire or plate, and intracondylar fractures, which are challenging and commonly stabilised using bilateral plate fixation in conjunction with a transcondylar screw. The prognosis following humeral fracture stabilisation is generally good to excellent although the articular fractures, particularly the intracondylar fractures may have a slightly more guarded prognosis for long-term resolution of lameness.
Lung patterns: a refresher
Authors: Bradley Kate
Published: August 2017

Radiography remains the primary imaging modality for assessment of the thorax in first opinion practice. Interpretation of any abnormal lung pattern present is a key part of this assessment, and can often be challenging. This article aims to provide a refresher on identifying the common lung patterns, together with the main differential diagnoses to consider with each.
Temporary tracheostomy: a practical approach to the placement and management of a tracheostomy tube
Authors: Hyndman Philip , Bray Jonathan
Published: August 2017

A temporary tracheostomy can be a life-saving intervention when there is a structural or functional obstruction of airflow at, or rostral to, the level of the larynx. In most instances, the intervention is intended for short-term use, with appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the primary underlying condition instigated as soon as possible. Surgery can usually be performed on the stable, anaesthetised and intubated patient. Single-lumen uncuffed tubes are ideal for most instances, unless the patient is to be maintained on a ventilator. If commercial tubes are not available then a cut-down endotracheal tube may be used. The diameter of the tube should not be more than 50% the diameter of the trachea. While a relatively simple technique, temporary tracheostomy can be associated with a high complication rate, including tube dislodgement, obstruction and dyspnoea; coughing/gagging; pneumonia; dysphagia, vomiting/regurgitation; aspiration; tracheal stenosis; tracheocutaneous fistula; and laryngeal nerve injury.
Moving Towards a Latex-free Environment: Advice from Experiences in US Dentistry
Authors: Palenik Charles John , Miller Chris H.
Published: August 2017

Most dental practitioners now routinely wear gloves while treating patients. The most commonly used types of gloves contain latex. Latex is also present in other personal protective equipment, such as masks, eyewear and clinic gowns. Increased use of such items, unfortunately, has been linked to adverse skin and mucous membrane reactions. Latex proteins and chemicals associated with the material's production have been implicated. Exposure to such chemicals has also resulted in allergic responses in dental patients. There is a strong movement in the USA to limit exposure to latex in healthcare environments, including dentistry. The aim of this article is to describe past, present and future efforts to create low-latex or latex-free environments.
Drug Abuse and Dentistry
Authors: Meechan J.G.
Published: August 2017

This paper describes the influence of the misuse of drugs on dental treatment and the effects of drugs of abuse on the orodental structures.
Improving Aesthetics in Patients with Complete Dentures
Authors: Ali Arshad , Hollisey-McLean David
Published: August 2017

An increasing number of patients with complete dentures are requesting improvements in the aesthetics of their dentures. This paper considers methods of improving aesthetics, using the information available from the existing complete dentures, pre-extraction records and resin stains.
Orofacial Disease: Update for the Dental Clinical Team: 5. Lumps and Swellings
Authors: Scully Crispian , Porter Stephen
Published: August 2017

This article discusses the more common conditions presenting with orofacial lumps or swellings. The first article in this series presented several general observations on diagnosis and treatment which should be borne in mind in relation to this article.
Should Fees for Endodontic Treatment be Payable Per Canal?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Two Canals in Mesio-buccal Roots of Maxillary Molars. N. Imura et al. International Endodontic Journal 1998; 31: 410-414.
Book Review
Authors: Levine R. S.
Published: August 2017

Oral Health, Diet and Other Factors. Report of the British Nutrition Foundation's Task Force. Ursula Arens (ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1999. (240pp., NLG 275.00/US$140.0).
Book Review
Authors: Bridgman Andrew M.
Published: August 2017

Introduction to Dental Ethics and Law (Teaching Pack). The Dental Defence Union, 1998. Available from Rupert Hoppenbrouwers, Head of Dental Defence Union, 3 Devonshire Place, London W1N 2EA.
Management of Molar Teeth with Periodontal Disease
Authors: Dowell Phillip , McLaughlin William S.
Published: August 2017

Over the years patients' attitudes towards maintaining a functional and aesthetic masticatory apparatus have improved, and their expectations of delivery of care by the dental professional have risen. With the advance of new techniques and materials, the periodontist can now offer an ever-expanding range of treatments in the management of molar teeth with periodontal disease. This paper considers such treatment in relation to the levels of disease present and within the overall context of adult restorative dental healthcare.
Book Review
Authors: Oliver Richard
Published: August 2017

Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry. By P. D. Robinson, T. R. Pitt Ford and F. McDonald. Heinemann, Oxford, 2000 (104pp., £13.99). ISBN 0-72361063-0.
Do You Trust Questionnaire Survey Reports?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Validity of a Questionnaire Survey: The Role of Non-response and Incorrect Answers. O. Sjöström, D. Holst, S. O. Lind. Acta Odontol Scand 1999; 57: 242-246.
Book Review
Authors: Kidd Edwina
Published: August 2017

Diagnosis and Risk Prediction of Dental Caries Vol. II. By Per Axelsson. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd., New Malden, 2000 (307pp., £78). ISBN 0-86715-362-8.
Transcultural Oral Health Care: 5. Diet and Minority Ethnic Groups in the United Kingdom
Authors: Thomas Jane , Bedi Raman
Published: August 2017

Dietary behaviours of minority ethnic groups vary considerably, not only between groups but also within communities and families. The aim of this article is to consider the information on diet and eating habits of members of minority ethnic groups, especially with regard to sugar consumption.
Damage to Adjacent Teeth?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Iatrogenic Damage to Approximal Surfaces in Contact with Class II Restorations. V.A.F. Medeiros, R.P. Seddon. Journal of Dentistry 2000; 28: 103-110.
Other Countries Find Endodontics Difficult As Well
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Quality Evaluation of Process of Root Canal Treatments Performed on Young Adults in Finnish Public Oral Health Service. S.E. Helminen, M. Vehkalahti, E. Kerosuo and H. Murtomaa. Journal of Dentistry 2000; 28: 227-232.
Book Review
Authors: Trevor Burke F. J.
Published: August 2017

Esthetic Dentistry and Ceramic Restorations. By Bernard Touati, Paul Miara and Dan Nathanson. Martin Dunitz, London, 1998. (330pp., £125 h/b).
Hidden Sugar – Hidden Fluoride?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Assessing Fluoride Levels of Carbonated Soft Drinks. J.R. Heilman, M.C. Kiritsy, S.M. Levy, J.S. Wefel. Journal of the American Dental Association 130; 11: 1593-1599.
An Overview of the Prevention of Oral Cancer and Diagnostic Markers of Malignant Change: 1. Prevention
Authors: Ogden G.R. , Macluskey M.
Published: August 2017

The incidence of oral cancer appears to be on the increase, with patients presenting at an earlier age. An overview of the prevention of this important condition is given in this article, and diagnostic markers will be discussed in a later presentation. Greater awareness of the aetiological agents involved in the development of oral cancer, and their avoidance, should help reduce the number of cases. General dental practitioners have an important role to play in advising patients on healthier lifestyles (primary prevention), the detection of potentially malignant disease before it becomes malignant (secondary prevention) and screening for field changes in patients with a history of oral cancer. The role of chemoprevention (defined here as tertiary prevention) is also considered.
Modified Apically Repositioned Flap in the Treatment of Unerupted Maxillary Central Incisors
Authors: Crean St J. , Banu B. , Coonar H.
Published: August 2017

The successful management of labially unerupted maxillary central incisors requires a coordinated surgical, orthodontic and general practitioner approach. The key to achieving maximal eruption of these teeth is their surgical exposure, central to which is the philosophy that the surgeon must provide a functional width of attached gingiva on the labial surface. This case describes the incorporation of palatal mucosa into an apically repositioned flap, resulting in the successful establishment of an attached gingival margin, where routine flap design would have seriously compromised the eventual outcome.
Antimycotic Agents in Oral Candidosis: An Overview: 2. Treatment of Oral Candidosis
Authors: Ellepola Arjuna N.B. , Samaranayake Lakshman P.
Published: August 2017

As both humans and fungi are eukaryotic organisms, antifungal agents affect their cellular metabolism. Thus, a relatively few antifungals with minimal toxicity and side-effects are available compared with a plethora of antibacterials. These agents currently prescribed in dentistry belong to two major groups, the polyenes (nystatin and amphotericin B) and the azoles (imidazoles and triazoles). A newly recognized phenomenon known as the post-antifungal effect implies that antifungals, even at sub-therapeutic concentrations, may suppress the virulent attributes of yeasts, especially intra-orally where topical drug levels fluctuate dramatically during dosing intervals.
Extensive Temporal Bone Pneumatization: Incidental Finding in a Patient with TMJ Dysfunction
Authors: Hasnaini Murtuza , Ng Suk Yee
Published: August 2017

An 18-year-old male presented with symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. A panoramic radiograph revealed slight erosion of the condylar heads, and an incidental finding of multilocular radiolucencies in the zygomatic processes of the right and left temporal bones. CT scans were undertaken to exclude any sinister cause. The radiolucencies were shown to be extensive bilateral pneumatization of the temporal bones. Conservative management relieved the symptoms of TMJ dysfunction.
A Cautionary Tale!
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

A Cautionary Tale. Case Report. P.N. Fatouris. Australian Dental Journal 2000; 45: 53-54.
Thrombophilia and Dental Surgery: A Report of Dental Extraction in a Patient with Protein S Deficiency
Authors: Crean St J. , Sivarajasingam V. , Muhammed J. , Sharma V. , Fardy M.
Published: August 2017

Most patients with thrombophilia are asymptomatic. A case is presented here of a young woman with protein S deficiency, one of the thrombophilias, who required dental extraction. Protein S deficiency predisposes a very small number of those affected to life-threatening thromboses and emboli, for which they are required to take lifelong prophylactic anticoagulation. This report emphasizes the need to liaise closely with haematology departments when deciding whether heparinization is required for patients already taking warfarin. The role of low-molecular-weight heparins is highlighted, a brief review of thrombophilia is given and the management of patients who are taking warfarin and need dental surgery is discussed.
Fibre-reinforced Materials
Authors: Brown David
Published: August 2017

This paper considers the role of fibres in the reinforcement of composite materials, and the significance of the form the fibre takes and the material from which it is made. The current dental applications of fibre reinforcement, including dental cements and splints, fibres made into structures for use in composites, denture bases and the contemporary use of fibres in fixed partial dentures, are reviewed. Their role in biomedical implants is surveyed and their future forecast.
Book Review
Authors: Ladwa Russ
Published: August 2017

Marketing for the Slightly Uncertain. By Fiona Stuart-Wilson and Mike Grace. BDJ Books, 2000 (87pp, £19.95). ISBN 0 904 588 629
The Long-term Management of Patients with Tooth Surface Loss Treated using Removable Appliances
Authors: Packer M. E. , Davis D. M.
Published: August 2017

The causes of tooth surface loss are multi-factorial and hence can be difficult to eradicate. This paper identifies the problems that may be anticipated during the long-term management of patients where tooth surface loss has been treated using removable appliances, where the number of teeth is often reduced. Wear and tear are inevitable and patients should therefore be made fully aware of the possibility of the gradual deterioration and failure of restorative work. Treatments should be planned, which would enable the dentist to recover the situation, with minimal inconvenience to the patient.
How Clean Is Your Toothbrush?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Microbial Contamination of Toothbrushes and Their Decontamination. P.N. Filho, S. Macari, G. Faria, S. Asses and I.Y. Ito. Paediatric Dentistry 2000; 22 (5): 381–384.
Book Review
Authors: Rout John
Published: August 2017

Orthodontic Radiographs – Guidelines (Guidelines for the Use of Radiographs in Clinical Orthodontics). 2nd edn. K. G. Isaacson and A. R. Thom, eds. BOS, London, 2001. ISBN 1-899297-05-7. (Available from the British Orthodontic Society, 291 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8QF: UK £7.00; Overseas £10.00 incl. p&p.)
Potential Dental Problems of Body Piercing!
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Tongue Piercing: A Restorative Perspective. M.A. Bassiouny, L.P. Deem and T.E. Deem. Quintessence International 2001; 32: 477–481.
When Did Your Practice Last Have a Needle-Stick Injury?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Introducing Safety Syringes into a UK Dental School – A Controlled Study. J.M. Zakrzewska, I. Greenwood and J. Jackson. British Dental Journal 2001; 190: 88–92.
Do We Need Practitioner Training Schemes in Orthodontics?
Authors: Ireland A.J.
Published: August 2017

Orthodontic treatment appears to be in ever-increasing demand, but the number of specialists is insufficient to meet the current need. This article considers the role of the extended practitioner training scheme in the present climate of uncertainty surrounding orthodontics in the general dental services in the UK, particularly for the general dental practitioner.
Does Orthodontics Damage Faces?
Authors: DiBiase A.T. , Sandler P.J.
Published: August 2017

With the increasing provision of orthodontic care in this country, certain practitioners have raised concerns regarding the use of elective extractions and retraction mechanics, especially the effects on the facial profile and the TMJ. The non-extraction versus extraction debate spans the history of orthodontics, and the concepts of facial attractiveness are subject to change as fashions change. Within the realms of evidence-based practice, there is little or no evidence to suggest that the philosophies and mechanics of contemporary orthodontics, in the vast majority of cases, cause damage to the profile or are directly linked to the development of TMJ dysfunction.
Can Your Dental Nurse Teach You Oral Medicine?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Hepatitis – Which Letters Pose a Threat? I. Douglas. The British Dental Nurses Journal 2000; Winter: 8–9.
Can the Computer Do the Dentistry?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Caries Risk Assessment: A Comparison Between the Computer Program ‘Cariogram’, Dental Hygienists and Dentists. G.H. Petersson and D. Bratthall. Swedish Dental Journal 2000; 24: 129–137.
Focus Groups – What are They?
Authors: Chestnutt I.G. , Robson K.F.
Published: August 2017

The use of focus groups has become common in many spheres of research, including dental research. This article provides an update on the history of focus groups, defines focus groups in the context of academic research and highlights their possible uses. Practical advice is provided on the conduct of focus groups and ethical considerations are discussed.
We Cannot Prevent ThisÖ
Authors: Oliver Richard
Published: August 2017

Permanent Nerve Involvement resulting from Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks. M.J. Progrel and S. Thramby. Journal of the American Dental Association 2000; 131: 901–907.
Can Your Toothbrush Damage Your Teeth?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Abrasion and Stain Removal by Different Manual Toothbrushes and Brush Actions: Studies in vitro. D. Dyer, E. MacDonald, R.G. Newcombe, C. Scratcher, F. Ley and M. Addy. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2001; 28: 121–127.
Update on Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Sandy Jonathan R. , Irvine Gordon H. , Leach Andy
Published: August 2017

This article gives an account of contemporary methods in orthognathic surgery, highlighting which patients are appropriate for such surgery. In order to make the case relevant, a single patient is tracked through her orthodontic treatment, surgery and final outcome.
Internet Service Providers: Choosing the Right One
Authors: Turner P.J. , Weerakone S.
Published: August 2017

In order to access the Internet it is necessary to open an account with an Internet Service Provider. This article describes the typical services provided by these companies so that the new subscriber will be in a better position to make an informed choice.
Book Review
Authors: Wright G.
Published: August 2017

An Introduction to Orthodontics. By L. Mitchell. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001 (£32.50). ISBN 0-19-263184-5.
Case Study of an Anxious Child with Extensive Caries Treated in General Dental Practice: Financial Viability under the Terms of the UK National Health Service
Authors: Shelley Andrew , Mackie Iain
Published: August 2017

This case study describes the management of Callum, an anxious 7-year-old boy with extensive caries. Callum's dental care was carried out in a general dental practice in the North of England under the terms of the National Health Service. A preventive programme was carried out in conjunction with the restorative philosophy according to guidelines published by the Dental Practice Board in 1997.
Bad News for Mothers!
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Sealants and Xylitol Chewing Gum are Equal in Caries Prevention. P. Alanen, M.-L. Holsti and K. Pienihäkkinen. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 2000; 58: 279–284.
A Modified Technique for Minimal-Preparation, Resin-Retained Bridges: Four Case Reports
Authors: Gibson Clive J.
Published: August 2017

The minimal-preparation, resin-retained adhesive bridge may be considered to be an ideal choice of fixed prosthesis to replace a single missing tooth, especially in the anterior maxillary region. The technique is well documented, enjoys a high success rate, and with suitable case selection generally employs a conservative preparation. Other advantages include reduced cost compared with conventional bridges and simplified laboratory and clinical procedures. Its limitations are principally due to occlusal factors, or the presence of unsuitable abutment teeth – for example, those that are extensively restored. Another traditional contraindication is the presence of diastemas, which may limit the potential aesthetic gains. This paper presents a series of case reports which describe an altered technique in order to maintain anterior spacing.
Book Review
Authors: Burke F.J. Trevor
Published: August 2017

Atraumatic Restorative Treatment for Dental Caries. By Jo Frencken and Christopher Holmgren. STI Book b.v. Nigmegen, The Netherlands, 1999, 43$US). ISBN 90 6759 024 X. (Available from fremart@wordonline.nl )
Can Rapid Prototyping Ever Become a Routine Feature in General Dental Practice?
Authors: Harris Jonathan , Rimell James
Published: August 2017

Rapid prototyping is a technique for the production of solid objects from computer models. The variety of rapid prototyping devices and materials that can be processed is increasing all the time. In this paper, the authors examine the potential for the application of current devices to general dental practice and speculate on developments that could make this technique an attractive prospect within the dental surgery.
Burning Mouth Syndrome and Vulvodynia Coexisting in the Same Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Gaitonde Pallavi , Rostron J. , Longman L. , Field E. A.
Published: August 2017

The ‘dynias’ are a group of chronic focal pain syndromes with a predilection for the orocervical and urogenital regions. This is a case report of stomatodynia (burning mouth syndrome) and vulvodynia coexisting in a middle-aged woman. The dynias are an enigma in terms of aetiology, which is multifactorial, making clinical investigations difficult and often requiring liaison with other specialties.
Now the Kitchen is in the Dock
Authors: Oliver Richard
Published: August 2017

Biocide Abuse and Antimicrobial Resistance – A Cause for Concern? A.P. Fraise. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2002; 49: 11–12.
Book Review
Authors: Burke F.J. Trevor
Published: August 2017

The Patient-Centred Dental Practice – A Practical Guide to Customer Care. By Philip Newsome. BDJ Books, London, 2001 (71pp., £19.95). Available from: Macmillan Direct, Brunel Road, Basingstoke, Hants RG21 2XS (e-mail: mdl@macmillan.co.uk ).
Traumatic Overbite: A Restorative Solution
Authors: Cotter Stephen , O'Shea Dominic
Published: August 2017

Deep overbite is frequently seen in the adult dentition. Although the condition is usually asymptomatic, certain factors may lead to the development of deep traumatic overbite, and in partially dentate patients loss of posterior occlusal support may be a contributory factor. Several treatment modalities, including orthodontics, orthognathic surgery and prosthodontics have been used but, as some adult patients with this problem are unwilling to avail themselves of treatment involving either orthodontics or orthognathic surgery, a restorative approach using a combination of fixed and removable restorations may provide a satisfactory solution. This paper details a case report on the restorative management of a partially dentate adult patient with a deep traumatic overbite.
Book Review
Authors: Burke F.J. Trevor
Published: August 2017

Adhesive Technology Theoretical and Practical Guidelines. By R. Hickel, K.H. Kunzelmann, P. Lambrechts et al. 3M ESPE AG, eds. 3M ESPE, 2001 (105pp., Free). ISBN 3-00-008488-6. (Obtainable by writing to 3M ESPE, 3M House, Morley Street, Loughborough, LE11 1EP, UK.)
Are You Sure the Calcium Hydroxide Stays in the Root Canal?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Calcium Hydroxide Retention in Wide Root Canals with Flaring Apices. Z. Metzger, M. Solomonov and E. Mass. Dental Traumatology 2001; 17: 86–92.
Book Review
Authors: Burke F. J. T.
Published: August 2017

Quintessence of Dental Technology, 25th Anniversary Edition, 2002. Adishai Sadan, ed. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd, New Malden, Surrey, 2002 (234pp., £50.00)
The Clinical Application of Posterior Resin-Bonded Cast Metal Restorations
Authors: Briggs Peter , Chana Harpal , Kelleher Martin , Poyser Neil
Published: August 2017

There has been much interest in the development of adhesive dentistry over recent years. Greater understanding of materials and bonding methods have improved the clinical predictability of restorations. Resin-bonded cast metal restorations can now provide a genuine alternative to conventional fixed restorations for both premolar and molar teeth. This paper illustrates the clinical application of such restorations.
Dental Services in the Katherine Region, Northern Territory: An Outback Experience
Authors: Waring David , Watts Catherine
Published: August 2017

Dental practice in the Northern Territory of Australia has to overcome a number of logistical problems related to the vast area and the low population density. The population is largely of Aboriginal origin and has significant medical problems including problems relating to dentistry. This article describes the present system for provision of dental care in this area, along with the authors' experience of a scheme involving co-ordinated care trials aimed at improving the health of the population.
Book Review
Authors: Qualtrough Alison
Published: August 2017

Restorative Dentistry. A.D. Walmsley, T.F. Walsh, F.J.T. Burke, A.C. Shortall, P.J. Lumley, R. Hayes-Hall. Churchill Livingstone, 2002 (234pp., £33.95 p/b). ISBN 0443-05985-3.
A Disappearing Act? Report of an Unusual Radiographic Feature
Authors: Mosaku A.O. , Poppelwell N.
Published: August 2017

The clinical presentation of root resorption varies between patients, and occasionally may be a coincidental finding on routine radiographs. Clinical symptoms may be absent but, if present, usually indicate the presence of pulpal disease. The treatment options are determined by the type, site and extent of the resorptive lesion: in some cases, especially where there is external resorption, extraction may be the only option. This article presents a case in which a misdiagnosis of root resorption was made on the basis of persistent clinical symptoms and a diagnostic radiographic finding.
Quadhelix Appliance Therapy Resulting in Pyogenic Granuloma of the Tongue
Authors: Kneafsey Louise , Hughes Ceri
Published: August 2017

This paper describes the examination, diagnosis and treatment of a rapidly enlarging tongue mass presenting in a healthy 12-year-old girl. This mass caused distress to both the patient and her parents and diagnostic uncertainty for her general medical and dental practitioners. The lesion was in fact caused by an orthodontic quadhelix appliance and responded to simple treatment.
A Clinical Overview of Removable Prostheses: 4. Technological Considerations when Designing Removable Partial Dentures
Authors: McCord J. Fraser , Grey Nick J.A. , Winstanley Raymond B. , Johnson Anthony
Published: August 2017

This fourth article in a series concerning the prescription of removable partial dentures is a précis of the technical aspects of RPD construction, commencing with the definitive or ‘working’ impressions, although all impressions ought to be considered as ‘working’ impressions.
Book Review
Authors: Stewardson Dominic
Published: August 2017

A Clinical Guide to Crowns and other Extra-Coronal Restorations. By R.W. Wassell, A.W.G. Walls, J.G. Steele and F. Nohl. BDJ Books, London, 2002 (136pp., £34 .95). ISBN 0 904588 73 4.
Clinical Governance in Primary Dental Care – Getting Started
Authors: Miller Alasdair Gordon
Published: August 2017

Clinical Governance is a contractual requirement of everyone working in the NHS. This article explores the components, standards and key stages in developing effective clinical governance in primary dental care and the issues associated with quality assurance.
Pathological Migration: An Unusual Cause of Midline Diastema
Authors: Rahilly Gerard , Crocker Catherine
Published: August 2017

A 34-year-old female attended the orthodontic department and was concerned with a midline diastema in the lower arch. The diagnosis made was pathological migration owing to the habitual placement of her tongue stud on the incisal edges of her mandibular central incisors, forcing them apart. This article describes the causes of pathological migration, and other possible complications due to oral piercings.
The Role of Self-Administered Plaque Control in the Management of Periodontal Diseases: 1. A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Ower Philip
Published: August 2017

In periodontal treatment the importance of self-performed plaque control is frequently acknowledged but often underestimated. This article reviews the evidence relating to the effects of good oral hygiene on both the initiation and progression of gingivitis and periodontitis, and on treatment outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that an optimal level of supragingival plaque control can have profound effects on the subgingival microflora and this, together with evidence indicating that root surface microbial contaminants are superficially located within the biofilm, has significant therapeutic implications.
Complications of Medical Management of Dental Erosion
Authors: Moazzez Rebecca , Bartlett David , Anggiansah Angela
Published: August 2017

This article reports the case of a patient presenting with dental erosion as a result of asymptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). The management of this patient is discussed, in particular the use of proton pump inhibitors. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of medication are discussed, especially in the light of the symptoms of GORD, which developed after taking omeprazole.
Book review
Authors: Mosedale Roger
Published: August 2017

Understanding Periodontal Diseases: Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures in Practice. By I.L.C. Chapple and A.D. Gilbert. Quintessence Publishing Co., New Malden, 2002 (160pp., £28.00). ISBN 1-85097-053-X
Book review
Authors: Orchardson R.
Published: August 2017

Oxford Handbook of Applied Dental Sciences. C. Scully, ed. Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2002 (642 pp., £19.95 flexicover). ISBN 0-19-851096-9.
The distal extension base denture
Authors: Scott Brendan J.J. , Maillou Pauline
Published: August 2017

The distal extension base denture may be indicated in situations in which the edentulous area to be restored is without a terminal abutment tooth. There may be significant challenges in providing a prosthesis with sufficient support and retention to make it comfortable without damaging the intra-oral tissues. This can be a greater problem in the mandible as the denture-bearing area is usually much smaller than in the maxilla. This paper considers how distal extension removable prostheses can be designed to restore edentulous spaces.
Selection for vocational/general professional training – the dundee undergraduate experience
Authors: Chadwick R.G. , Newton J.P.
Published: August 2017

Vocational training has been mandatory within the dental profession since 1993 but, despite this, there is continued disquiet surrounding the application process. This paper collates and summarizes the experiences of applicants from one dental school, to inform debate and assist in the continued evolution of the process of application for vocational training.
Book review
Authors: Talwar G.K.
Published: August 2017

Teeth for Life for Older Adults. By P. Finbarr Allen. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd., New Malden, 2002 (124pp., £28.00). ISBN 1-85097-056-4.
Making occlusion work: 1. terminology, occlusal assessment and recording
Authors: McCullock A.J.
Published: August 2017

This is the first paper in a two-part series reviewing some of the relevant theoretical aspects of occlusion and describing its application in clinical practice. This article discusses terminology, clinical examination of the occlusion, articulators and interocclusal records.
Book review
Authors: Stewardson Dominic
Published: August 2017

Rational Root Canal Treatment in Practice. J.M. Whitworth. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd, New Malden, 2002 (134pp., £28.00). ISBN 1–85097–055–6.
Are Film Holders Really Necessary?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Effect of X-ray Beam Angulation and Intraradicular Contrast Medium on Radiographic Interpretation of Lower First Molar Root Canal Anatomy. H.J. Naoum, R.M. Love, N.P. Chandler and P. Herbison. International Endodontic Journal 2003; 36: 12–19.
Making Occlusion Work: 2. Practical Considerations
Authors: McCullock A.J.
Published: August 2017

In the first of these two articles, occlusal terminology, techniques for examining the occlusion, articulators and interocclusal records were discussed. Here the authors consider some of the practical applications.
Book Review
Authors: Kau C.H. , Richmond S.
Published: August 2017

Invisible Orthodontics: Current Concepts and Solutions in Lingual Orthodontics. By Giuseppe Scuzzo and Kyoto Takemoto. Quintessence Books, New Malden, 2002 (173 pp., £65.00 h/b). ISBN 3-87652-181-5.
Book Review
Authors: Hendry May
Published: August 2017

Interpreting Dental Radiographs. K. Horner, J. Rout and V. Rushton. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd, New Malden, 2003 (164pp., £28.00). ISBN 1-85097-052-1.
Book Review
Authors: Summerwill Anthony J.
Published: August 2017

Clinical Manual of Implant Dentistry. By M. Davarpanah and H. Martinez. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd, New Malden, 2003 (220pp., £55). ISBN 1-85097-049-1.
Book Review
Authors: Hillam David
Published: August 2017

History of Periodontology. By F. Carranza and G. Shklar. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd, New Malden, 2003 (224pp., £29.00). ISBN 0-86715-424-1.
Do Patients Appreciate the True Cost of ‘White Fillings’?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Long-term Cost of Direct Class II Molar Restorations. P. Sjögren and A. Halling. Swedish Dental Journal 2002; 26: 107–114.
Occlusion: 2. Occlusal Splints, Analysis and Adjustment
Authors: Milosevic Alex
Published: August 2017

The first paper in this series covered maxillo-mandibular positions and jaw movement. This paper will describe the steps involved in carrying out an occlusal analysis and adjustment.
Book Review
Authors: Richmond Stephen
Published: August 2017

The Orthodontic Patient: Treatment and Biomechanics. By A.J. Ireland and F. McDonald. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003 (352pp., £24.95). ISBN 0-19-851048-9.
How Long Do Your Restorations Really Last?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Long-term Evaluation of Extensive Restorations in Permanent Teeth. J.P. Van Nieuwenhuysen, W. D'Hoore, J. Carvalho, V. Qvist. Journal of Dentistry 2003; 31: 395–405.
Specialist Practice, A Personal Viewpoint
Authors: Mosedale Roger
Published: August 2017

This article is aimed at the graduate who is beginning to consider career options, and at the slightly more experienced practitioner, who may be uncertain about changing direction in his or her career development. It is hoped that the paper will enable a wider consideration of the implications of a decision to embark on a career pathway as a specialist.