bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Biosynthetic Gene Cluster and Shunt Products Yields Insights into the Biosynthesis of Balmoralmycin
Authors: Ma Guang-Lei , Xin Lingyi , Liao Yanghui , Chong Zhi-Soon , Candra Hartono , Pang Li Mei , Lee Sean Qiu En , Gakuubi Martin Muthee , Ng Siew Bee , Liang Zhao-Xun
Published: November 2022

Angucyclines are structurally diverse aromatic polyketides that have attracted considerable attention due to their potent bioactivity and intriguing biosynthetic origin. Balmoralmycin is a representative of a small family of angucyclines with unique structural features and an unknown biosynthetic origin.
The P681H Mutation in the Spike Glycoprotein of the Alpha Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Escapes IFITM Restriction and Is Necessary for Type I Interferon Resistance
Authors: Lista Maria Jose , Winstone Helena , Wilson Harry D. , Dyer Adam , Pickering Suzanne , Galao Rui Pedro , De Lorenzo Giuditta , Cowton Vanessa M. , Furnon Wilhelm , Suarez Nicolas , Orton Richard , Palmarini Massimo , Patel Arvind H. , Snell Luke , Nebbia Gaia , Swanson Chad , Neil Stuart J. D.
Published: November 2022

Accumulating evidence suggests that variants of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 evolve to evade the human immune response, with much interest focused on mutations in the spike protein that escape from antibodies. However, resistance to the innate immune response is essential for efficient viral replication and transmission.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain AH2, Isolated from Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus)
Authors: Al-Harbi Ahmed H.
Published: November 2022

This work describes the draft genome sequence of
Streptococcus agalactiae
strain AH2, which was isolated from moribund farmed hybrid tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
×
Oreochromis aureus
) in Saudi Arabia. The draft genome is composed of a single chromosome of 2,104,071 bp, with a GC content of 35.7%.
Draft Genome Sequence of Aeromonas caviae Strain A1-2, a Potential Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizospheric Bacterium
Authors: Babalola Olubukola Oluranti , Agunbiade Victor Funso , Fadiji Ayomide Emmanuel
Published: November 2022

The genomic analysis of the plant growth-promoting rhizospheric
Aeromonas caviae
strain A1-2, which was isolated from a maize plant in Northwest Province, South Africa, is presented in this paper.
Aeromonas caviae
strain A1-2 demonstrates its potential to promote plant growth and enhance the tolerance of maize plants to drought stress.
C-Fiber Degeneration Enhances Alveolar Macrophage-Mediated IFN-α/β Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: He Yu , Li Changgen , Wang Zhili , Yang Zhongying , Wei Jianhua , Ren Luo , Deng Yu , Chen Shiyi , Ye Zhixu , Zang Na , Liu Enmei
Published: November 2022

Despite continuous advances in medicine, safe and effective drugs against RSV infection remain elusive. As such, host-RSV interactions and host-directed therapies require further research.
σ
P
-NagA-L1/L2 Regulatory Circuit Involved in

ΔompA
299-356

-Mediated Increase in β-Lactam Susceptibility in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Li Li-Hua , Wu Cheng-Mu , Chang Chia-Lun , Huang Hsin-Hui , Wu Chao-Jung , Yang Tsuey-Ching
Published: November 2022

Porins of Gram-negative bacteria generally act as channels that allow the entry or extrusion of molecules. Moreover, the structural role of porins in stabilizing the outer membrane by interacting with peptidoglycan (PG) and the outer membrane has been proposed.
The tectonic evolution of Laurentia and the North American continent: New datasets, insights, and models
Authors: Whitmeyer Steven J. , Kellett Dawn A. , Tikoff Basil , Williams Michael L.
Published: November 2022

The North American continent has a rich geologic record that preserves evidence for tectonic processes throughout much of Earth’s history. Within this long history, however, particular times—e.g., “turning points”—have had specific and lasting impact on the evolution of Laurentia (ancestral North America). This volume is focused on seven of these “turning points”: (1) The Neoarchean (2.7–2.5 Ga), characterized by cratonization and the Kenoran orogen(s); (2) the Paleoproterozoic (1.9–1.7 Ga) and the initial assembly of Laurentia; (3) the Mesoproterozoic (1.5–1.4 Ga) Andean-style margin on the southern edge of Laurentia with the Pinware-Baraboo-Picuris orogeny; (4) the 1.2–1.0 Ga Midcontinent rift, and the Grenville orogeny and assembly of Rodinia; (5) the 700–500 Ma Neoproterozoic breakup of Rodinia; (6) the mid-Paleozoic (420–340 Ma) closure of the Iapetus and Rheic oceans and the development of the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen; and (7) the Jurassic–Paleogene (200–50 Ma) assembly of the North American Cordilleran margin by terrane accretion and subduction. The assembled chapters provide syntheses of current understanding of the geologic evolution of Laurentia and North America, as well as new hypotheses for testing. The inclusion of work from different geological time periods within a single volume provides continent-wide perspectives on the evolution of tectonic events and processes that acted on and within Laurentia.
Enhanced terrestrial nutrient release during the Devonian emergence and expansion of forests: Evidence from lacustrine phosphorus and geochemical records
Authors: Smart Matthew S. , Filippelli Gabriel , Gilhooly III William P. , Marshall John E.A. , Whiteside Jessica H.
Published: November 2022

The evolution of land plant root systems occurred stepwise throughout the Devonian, with the first evidence of complex root systems appearing in the mid-Givetian. This biological innovation provided an enhanced pathway for the transfer of terrestrial phosphorus (P) to the marine system via weathering and erosion. This enhancement is consistent with paleosol records and has led to hypotheses about the causes of marine eutrophication and mass extinctions during the Devonian. To gain insight into the transport of P between terrestrial and marine domains, we report geochemical records from a survey of Middle and Late Devonian lacustrine and near-lacustrine sequences that span some of these key marine extinction intervals. Root innovation is hypothesized to have enhanced P delivery, and results from multiple Devonian sequences from Euramerica show evidence of a net loss of P from terrestrial sources coincident with the appearance of early progymnosperms. Evidence from multiple Middle to Late Devonian sites in Greenland and northern Scotland/Orkney reveal a near-identical net loss of P. Additionally, all sites are temporally proximal to one or more Devonian extinction events, including precise correlation with the Kačák extinction event and the two pulses associated with the Frasnian/Famennian mass extinction. For all sites, weathering, climate, and redox proxy data, coupled with nutrient input variability, reveal similar geochemical responses as seen in extant lacustrine systems. Orbitally forced climatic cyclicity appears to be the catalyst for all significant terrestrial nutrient pulses, which suggests that expansion of terrestrial plants may be tied to variations in regional and global climate.
Central venous sinus thrombosis in a young girl with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Guinness Freya , Rodriguez-Herrera Alfonso
Published: November 2022

Paediatric central venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon but important life-threatening complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As the incidence of IBD has increased in the last four decades, paediatricians need to be aware of this complication. There is currently no consensus on when children with IBD should receive prophylactic anticoagulation. We present the case of a young girl with ulcerative colitis who suffered an acute ischaemic event secondary to a CVST during an acute flare of her disease. We aim to bring awareness to CVST in IBD due to its high risk of morbidity and mortality.
Hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta, bilateral nephrolithiasis and FGF-23-mediated hypophosphataemia: a triad of FAM20A-related enamel renal syndrome
Authors: Agrawal Neeti , Awasthi Avivar , Chakraborty Partha Pratim , Maiti Animesh
Published: November 2022

Enamel renal syndrome (ERS) due to loss of function (LOF) mutation of FAM20A gene typically consists of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) and bilateral nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis. Recent evidence suggests that FAM20A interacts with FAM20C and increases its activity; thus LOF mutation of FAM20A leads to impaired FAM20C action. FAM20C, a golgi casein kinase, phosphorylates fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, prevents its glycosylation and makes it more susceptible to degradation by furine proteases. Consequently, inactivating mutations of FAM20C lead to increased concentration of bioactive and intact FGF-23 in circulation and resultant hypophosphataemia. LOF mutation of FAM20A, thus, might also be associated with FGF-23-mediated hypophosphataemia; however, such an association has never been reported in the literature. We describe, for the first time, a triad of AI, bilateral nephrolithiasis and FGF-23-mediated hypophosphataemia in LOF mutation of FAM20A. We suggest that serum phosphate should be measured in all patients with ERS to avoid metabolic and skeletal complications of undiagnosed, hence untreated hypophosphataemia.
Actual lens positions of three intraocular lenses in highly myopic eyes: an ultrasound biomicroscopy-based study
Authors: Qi Jiao , He Wenwen , Zhang Keke , Guo Donglin , Du Yu , Lu Yi , Zhu Xiangjia
Published: November 2022

Aim

To evaluate the actual lens positions (ALPs) of three intraocular lenses (IOLs) in highly myopic eyes and to identify relevant factors using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

Methods

Ninety-three highly myopic eyes (93 patients) that underwent uneventful cataract surgery were included: 36 eyes were implanted with Zeiss 409MP IOLs, 27 with Rayner 920H IOLs and 30 with HumanOptics MCX11 IOLs. The prediction error (PE), ALP determined by UBM and the factors associated with ALP at 3 months after surgery were evaluated.

Results

The eyes in the MCX11 IOL group had a more hyperopic PE (0.67±0.45 diopters (D)) and greater ALP (4.86±0.39 mm) than those in the 409MP and 920H IOL groups at 3 months after surgery (PE: −0.25±0.54 and −0.16±0.65 D, respectively; ALP: 4.34±0.26 and 4.14±0.32 mm, respectively). The MCX11 IOLs showed more backward bending deformation after surgery than 409MP and 920H IOLs. The radius of curvature of the IOL was negatively correlated with ALP (r=−0.532, p=0.002) in the MCX11 IOL group, but not in the other two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that MCX11 IOLs were more prone to bending in highly myopic eyes with a smaller anterior capsular opening (β=0.236, p=0.023) and lower implanted power (β=0.542, p=0.001).

Conclusion

In highly myopic eyes, IOLs with good capsular support show less backward bending, which result in a more stable lens position and refractive status postoperatively. Severe capsular contraction and low implanted power are risk factors for bending of certain IOLs.
Preference for high-carbohydrate foods does not change for children and adolescents in insulin-induced hypoglycemia
Authors: Sauchelli Sarah , Rogers Peter J , Fry George , Hamilton-Shield Julian P
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Hypoglycemia elicits coordinated counter-regulatory neuroendocrine responses. The extent to which this process involves an increased drive to eat, together with greater preference for foods high in carbohydrate content, is unclear. Our objective was to examine this effect in children and adolescents (age 5–19 years) without diabetes and no prior known experience of hypoglycemic episodes.

Research design and methods

We administered a computerised task designed to examine preference for high-carbohydrate foods (sweet and savory) to pediatric patients (n=26) undergoing an insulin tolerance test as part of the routine clinical assessment of pituitary hormone secretory capacity. The task was completed at baseline and three time points after intravenous infusion of insulin (approximately 7, 20 and 90 min).

Results

Although all patients reached insulin-induced hypoglycemia (mean venous glucose at nadir=1.9 mmol/L), there was moderate evidence of no effect on preference for high-carbohydrate foods (moderate evidence for the null hypothesis) compared with euglycemia. Patients also did not display an increase in selection of foods of high compared with low energy density. Sensitivity of the task was demonstrated by decreased preference for sweet, high-carbohydrate foods after consumption of sweet food and drink.

Conclusions

Results support the view that acute hypoglycemia does not automatically prompt the choice of high-carbohydrate foods for rapid glucose restoration, and further stresses the importance that people and families with children vulnerable to hypoglycemic episodes ensure that ‘rapidly absorbed glucose rescue therapy’ is always available.
Patients’ with asplenia and doctors’ experiences in implementing preventative measures following a novel educational intervention: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Anka Natascha , Glattacker Manuela , Farin-Glattacker Erik , Camp Johannes , Rieg Siegbert , Bayrhuber Marianne
Published: November 2022

Objective

To explore patients’ with asplenia and general practitioners’ (GPs) (1) perceptions of a novel,Health Action Process Approach(HAPA)-based, educational intervention which targets to increase adherence to post-splenectomy sepsis (PSS) prevention measures and (2) their experience in implementing prevention measures following this intervention.

Design

A process evaluation conducted on average 3.5 (for patients) and 3.8 (for GPs) months after the intervention between January 2020 and April 2021 individually by means of semi-structured guideline-based telephone interviews. Data was analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Participants

Volunteer subsample of N=25 patients with asplenia and N=8 GPs who received the intervention. Inclusion criteria were met by prior participation in the intervention (German-speaking, of full age and insured by the cooperating health insurance). Patient selection was done by purposeful selection aiming at maximum variability in terms of adherence to preventative measures prior to intervention participation. Participating GPs are a non-purposeful selected convenience sample. For reasons of data protection, no personal data was collected.

Results

The intervention was positively evaluated and its personal relevancy for patients and for the GPs’ professional work became apparent. The intervention promoted risk awareness, intention to action, action planning and subsequently, improved adherence to preventative measures. Helpful factors for implementation among the patients were social support by relatives and GPs. Barriers to adherence identified in both groups can be divided into patient-attributed (eg, comorbidities), doctor-related (eg, lack of knowledge or support) as well as contextual factors (eg, vaccine supply constraints).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate a patient and GP perceived benefit of the intervention, but still identify prevailing barriers to implementation. In a further step, a quantitative evaluation of the intervention will be conducted and recommendations for integrating the intervention in usual care will be made.

Trial registration number

DRKS00015238.
Use of community engagement interventions to improve child immunisation in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jain Monica , Shisler Shannon , Lane Charlotte , Bagai Avantika , Brown Elizabeth , Engelbert Mark
Published: November 2022

Objective

To support evidence informed decision-making, we systematically examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of community engagement interventions on routine childhood immunisation outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and identify contextual, design and implementation features associated with effectiveness.

Design

Mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

21 databases of academic and grey literature and 12 additional websites were searched in May 2019 and May 2020.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

We included experimental and quasi-experimental impact evaluations of community engagement interventions considering outcomes related to routine child immunisation in LMICs. No language, publication type, or date restrictions were imposed.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent researchers extracted summary data from published reports and appraised quantitative risk of bias using adapted Cochrane tools. Random effects meta-analysis was used to examine effects on the primary outcome, full immunisation coverage.

Results

Our search identified over 43 000 studies and 61 were eligible for analysis. The average pooled effect of community engagement interventions on full immunisation coverage was standardised mean difference 0.14 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.23, I2=94.46). The most common source of risk to the quality of evidence (risk of bias) was outcome reporting bias: most studies used caregiver-reported measures of vaccinations received by a child in the absence or incompleteness of immunisation cards. Reasons consistently cited for intervention success include appropriate intervention design, including building in community engagement features; addressing common contextual barriers of immunisation and leveraging facilitators; and accounting for existing implementation constraints. The median intervention cost per treated child per vaccine dose (excluding the cost of vaccines) to increase absolute immunisation coverage by one percent was US$3.68.

Conclusion

Community engagement interventions are successful in improving outcomes related to routine child immunisation. The findings are robust to exclusion of studies assessed as high risk of bias.
Incidence and predictors of mortality among adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Leshargie Cheru Tesema , Demant Daniel , Burrowes Sahai , Frawley Jane
Published: November 2022

Objective

This study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of mortality in adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Ethiopia’s Amhara Region.

Design

We conducted an institution-based retrospective follow-up study.

Settings

The study was conducted at Amhara Region’s comprehensive specialised hospitals in Ethiopia.

Participants

We included 961 randomly selected medical records of adolescents receiving ART between January 2005 and June 2020.

Primary and secondary outcomes

The incidence of mortality since ART treatment initiation served as the primary outcome, and predictors of mortality served as secondary outcomes. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to examine the relationship between mortality and its predictors. Variables with p values<0.05 in the multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant mortality predictors. Adjusted HR (aHR) with 95% CI was used to measure the strength of association.

Results

More than half (n=496, 53.5%) of the adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) were girls. The adolescent mortality rate was 1.52 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.53) per 100 person-years throughout the follow-up period of 81 583 adolescent months. Mortality was higher for ALHIV who had not received formal education (aHR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.36 to 7.87), had widowed parents (aHR: 1.85, CI: 95% 1.01 to 3.56) or received no social support (aHR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.69 to 4.67). Adolescents who had opportunistic infections (OIs) at ART initiation (aHR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.19 to 3.14), low haemoglobin (Hgb/g/l) levels (aHR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.08 to 4.18), a bedridden functional status (aHR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.64 to 5.72), stage IV clinical staging (aHR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.46 to 6.30), non-disclosing status (aHR: 2.24, 95% CI:1.36 to 3.69) and CD4 count 200–350 cells/mm3(aHR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.08 to 4.18) also had a higher risk of death. Not receiving cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (aHR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.07 to 3.22) and poor adherence to ART (aHR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.27 to 3.95), compared with adherent, was associated with higher mortality risk. Changed treatment regimens were associated with lower mortality (aHR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.98).

Conclusions

Our study found a lower mortality rate for adolescents with HIV than previous Ethiopian studies, but our significant mortality predictors were similar to those found in earlier studies of adults and adolescents. Our findings reveal a potential point for health service improvement in Ethiopia: incorporating monitoring of Hgb levels into patient follow-up care, supporting recommendations that clinicians emphasise managing OIs and providing counselling services to improve adherence.
Alleviation of renal injury in rabbits by allisartan
Authors: Li Ruibin , Li Li , Zhang Jidong , Wang Dong , Cui Xiaoran , Bai Long , Zhao Lei , Yang Xiaohong
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between renal injury and inflammatory response induced by high-fat diet in rabbits and the interventional effect of allisartan. Fifteen 6-week-old healthy male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (NC) group, high-lipid diet (HLD) group, high-lipid diet and allisartan (HLD+ALST) group. After allisartan treatment for 12 weeks, changes in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured enzymatically in the three groups. The left side of the kidney tissue was kept for paraffin section, and HE staining, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and Masson staining were used to observe the renal pathologic changes. TC, TG, LDL-C, Scr and BUN levels were all higher and HDL-C levels were lower in the HLD group compared with the NC group. Compared with the HLD group, Scr and BUN levels were significantly decreased in the HLD+ALST group. The results of HE staining showed that allisartan improved the changes of renal tissue morphology in rabbits on high-fat diet, reduced glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and improved glomerulosclerosis; PAS staining showed that glomerular glycogen deposition was reduced and glomerular red staining was significantly lighter; Masson staining showed that renal tubular blue-stained collagen fibers were reduced. In conclusion, hyperlipidemia can lead to aberrant expression of multiple cellular proteins and kidney tissue morphological damage in rabbits. On the other hand, allisartan attenuated renal injury and the mechanism may be related to the downregulation of the inflammatory response.
Generation of vortex particles via generalized measurements
Authors: Karlovets D. V. , Baturin S. S. , Geloni G. , Sizykh G. K. , Serbo V. G.
Published: November 2022

The hard X-ray twisted photons and relativistic massive particles with orbital angular momentum – vortex electrons, muons, protons, etc. – have many potential applications in high-energy and nuclear physics. However, such states can be obtained so far mainly via diffraction techniques, not applicable for relativistic energies. Here we show that the vortex states of different particles, including hadrons, ions, and nuclei, can be generated in a large class of processes with two final particles simply by altering a postselection protocol. Thanks to entanglement and to the uncertainty relations, an evolved state of a final particle becomes twisted if the momentum azimuthal angle of the other particle is measured with a large uncertainty. We give several examples, including Cherenkov and undulator radiation, particle collisions with intense laser beams, $$e\mu \rightarrow e\mu , ep \rightarrow ep$$

e
μ
→
e
μ
,
e
p
→
e
p

. This technique can be adapted for ultrarelativistic lepton and hadron beams of linear colliders, and it can also facilitate the development of sources of X-ray and $$\gamma $$
γ
-range twisted photons at storage rings and free-electron lasers.
Random matrices theory elucidates the nonequilibrium critical phenomena
Authors: da Silva Roberto
Published: November 2022

The earlier times of the evolution of a magnetic system contain more information than we can imagine. Capturing correlation matrices built from different time evolutions of a simple testbed spin system, as the spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising models, we analyzed the density of eigenvalues for different temperatures of the so called Wishart matrices. We observe a transition in the shape of the distribution that presents a gap of eigenvalues for temperatures lower than the critical temperature, or in its roundness, with a continuous migration to the Marchenko–Pastur law in the paramagnetic phase. We consider the analysis a promising method to be applied in other spin systems, with or without defined Hamiltonian, to characterize phase transitions. Our approach differs from the alternatives in literature since it uses the concept of magnetization matrix, not the spatial matrix of single spins.
On the mathematical theory of behavioral swarms emerging collective dynamics
Authors: Bellomo N. , Ha S.-Y. , Outada N. , Yoon J.
Published: November 2022

This paper considers a system consisting of a number of interacting living entities whose state at the microscopic scale is heterogeneously distributed among the said entities. This state includes, in addition, the classical mechanical variables, such as position and velocity, also a behavioral variable which is modified by interactions. It is shown how the pioneering ideas proposed in Bellomo et al. [Towards a mathematical theory of behavioral swarms, ESAIM Control Optim. Calc. Var. 26 (2020) 125] can be developed towards modeling behavioral swarms within a quest towards a mathematical theory of living systems. The first part of the paper presents a qualitative analysis of the emerging behaviors predicted by the model in aforementioned work. Some simulations follow to depict the said emerging behaviors. The last part of the paper is devoted to derive a new, more general theory in view of applications to model living systems.
Inflationary cosmology in the modified f (R, T) gravity
Authors: Ashmita  , Sarkar Payel , Das Prasanta Kumar
Published: November 2022

In this work, we study the inflationary cosmology in modified gravity theory [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] is the modified gravity parameter) with three distinct classes of inflation potentials (i) [Formula: see text], (ii) [Formula: see text] and (iii) [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are the potential parameters. We have derived the Einstein equation, potential slow-roll parameters, the scalar spectral index [Formula: see text], tensor-to-scalar ratio r and tensor spectral index [Formula: see text] in modified gravity theory. We obtain the range of [Formula: see text] using the spectral index constraints in the parameter space of the potentials. Comparing our results with PLANCK 2018 data and WMAP data, we found out the modified gravity parameter [Formula: see text] lies between [Formula: see text].
A new relation for nuclear masses based on the nuclide chain with the same number of neutrons
Authors: Liu Xiao-Liang , Jiao Bao-Bao , Meng Xiang-Ting
Published: November 2022

There are many studies in Odd–Even staggering (OES) of nuclear masses, but the research on nuclear masses by using the systematicness of OES is indeed very few. In this work, we analyze the relationship among the four neighboring nuclei based on the OES of nuclide chain with the same number of neutrons in atomic mass evaluation database (AME2016 database). Our purpose in this paper is to describe an empirical formula with one constant for OES of nuclear masses that can be useful in describing and predicting nuclear masses with mass number [Formula: see text]. With the empirical formula and AME2016 database, the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of the nuclei that we have successfully obtained 172[Formula: see text]keV for [Formula: see text] (the RMSD is 140[Formula: see text]keV for [Formula: see text]). This paper also uses Levenberg–Marquart (L-M) neural network approach to study the OES of nuclear masses ([Formula: see text], RMSD [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]keV; [Formula: see text], RMSD [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]keV). The results show that the RMSD of nuclear masses for [Formula: see text] based on neural network approach 30[Formula: see text]keV decreases than that based on empirical formula (the accuracy is increased by about 17%). In addition, the predicted values based on the empirical formula and L-M neural network approach are consistent with the values in AME2020 database, and the difference between our predicted values based on AME2016 database and experimental values measured in recent years is small. These results show that the new relation for nuclear masses has good simplicity, accuracy and reliability. Accurate nuclear mass is helpful to the research of nuclear physics, nuclear technology and astrophysics.
Co-theory of sorted profinite groups for PAC structures
Authors: Hoffmann Daniel Max , Lee Junguk
Published: November 2022

We achieve several results. First, we develop a variant of the theory of absolute Galois groups in the context of many sorted structures. Second, we provide a method for coding absolute Galois groups of structures, so they can be interpreted in some monster model with an additional predicate. Third, we prove the “Weak Independence Theorem” for pseudo-algebraically closed (PAC) substructures of an ambient structure with no finite cover property (nfcp) and the property [Formula: see text]. Fourth, we describe Kim-dividing in these PAC substructures and show several results related to the SOPnhierarchy. Fifth, we characterize the algebraic closure in PAC structures.
Forward–backward stochastic differential equations with delay generators
Authors: Aman Auguste , Coulibaly Harouna , Đorđević Jasmina
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we prove a result of existence and uniqueness of solutions to coupled forward–backward stochastic differential equations with delayed generators under a Lipschitz condition.
The Behavioral TOPSIS Based on Prospect Theory and Regret Theory
Authors: Liu Xinwang , Yang Yuyao , Jiang Jing
Published: November 2022

Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is a famous technique for solving multicriteria decision-making problems. However, the classical TOPSIS is invalid to distinguish the alternatives when the distances to the PIS and NIS are the same, and the current researchers about TOPSIS seldom consider the psychological characteristics of loss aversion and regret aversion which affect the decision quality in real world. This paper proposes a behavioral TOPSIS with prospect theory and regret theory considering risk attitudes. First, the defect of classical TOPSIS is illustrated as motivation. Next, we introduce a behavioral TOPSIS with prospect theory and show how it overcomes the defect of classical TOPSIS. Then, regret theory is applied to extend behavioral TOPSIS to show the regret attitude. Finally, a numerical example is used to demonstrate the feasibility and comparative analysis is presented to show the novelty and validity of the proposed method.
Impact of minimal matter-geometry coupling on anisotropic quark stars
Authors: Siddiqa Aisha , Abbas G. , Waseem Arfa , Aleem Ayesha , Kausar H. R.
Published: November 2022

This paper inspects the impact of minimal matter-geometry coupling present in [Formula: see text] model of [Formula: see text] theory on the physical attributes of anisotropic quark stars. The geometry of considered stellar candidates is modeled via spherically symmetric static spacetime whose metric functions are influenced by Heintzmann solutions. The inner matter distribution of the stellar system is assumed as anisotropic with the phenomenological MIT bag model equation of state. The expressions of unknown parameters that appear in Heintzmann solution are evaluated in terms of mass and radius by the continuity of interior and exterior geometries. Further, insertion of masses and radii of some particular observed stellar models will yield their numerical values. In order to discuss the physical acceptability as well as stability of the quarks stars based on the considered solutions, we have checked the physical behavior of matter variables, mass and related quantities, energy conditions, equilibrium of forces, adiabatic index and Herrera’s cracking concept. The energy conditions are fulfilled ensuring the compatibility of assumed matter and geometry of quark stars. It is also found that all compact star candidates exhibit stable structures corresponding to the proposed values of the model parameters. Hence, the considered [Formula: see text] model shows consistency with all the physical conditions and presents a viable study to the nature of anisotropic massive stellar system.
Measurement quantization
Authors: Geiger Jody A.
Published: November 2022

We present principles of Measurement Quantization (MQ) and approaches to measurement that support the discreteness of measure. Several claims are addressed. Notably, that measure is discrete with respect to the internal frame, non-discrete with respect to the system frame and that length is contracted due to the discreteness of measure. We address the relation of angular measure to momentum, the physical significance of count bounds and that the fundamental measures — more precise expressions for Planck’s units — are an emergent property of the internal frame. Quantum experiments by Shwartz, et. al and CODATA provide physical support. We predict and derive values for elementary charge and the gravitational, Hubble, reduced Planck, electric, magnetic, Coulomb, and fine structure constants. We then correlate gravity with electromagnetism (unification). We present expressions for galactic rotation, dark matter, dark energy, and accelerating expansion. MQ advances over Loop Quantum Gravity with two frames, the difference which leads to the physical constants and the laws of nature. We correlate the quantum and cosmological, describing an inflation free quantum epoch, why it ceases and expansion. Therein are solutions to the horizon problem and homogenous, isotropic properties of the universe. Predictions include length contraction unrelated to special or general relativity (SR/GR), 13-digit measures of the gravitational constant, the Planck momentum, and universal mass accretion. A calculation of CMB age, quantity, present-day density and temperature provides additional support. Also offered, discrete solutions to the size and age of the universe, ground state orbital, SR, GR, and equivalence.
On negative energy 4-spinors and masses in the Dirac equation
Authors: Dvoeglazov Valeriy V.
Published: November 2022

Both algebraic equations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]- 4-spinors have solutions with [Formula: see text]. The same is true for higher-spin equations (or they may even have more complicated dispersion relations). Meanwhile, every book considers the equality [Formula: see text] for both [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-spinors of the [Formula: see text] representation only, thus applying the Dirac–Feynman–Stueckelberg procedure for elimination of negative-energy solutions. The recent Ziino works (and, independently, the articles of several other authors) show that the Fock space can be doubled. We re-consider this possibility on the quantum-field level.
Dielectric temperature stability and energy storage performance of NBT-based lead-free ceramics for Y9P capacitors
Authors: Li Hongtian , Zhou Shiyu , Zhao Jianwei , Yan Tingnan , Du Yuxiao , Zhou Huanfu , Pu Yongping , Wang Dawei
Published: November 2022

In this work, novel (1 [Formula: see text])(0.75Na[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]TiO3)-0.25Sr(Zr[Formula: see text]Sn[Formula: see text]Hf[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text])O3-[Formula: see text]NaNbO3 (NBT-SZSHTN-[Formula: see text]NN, [Formula: see text] = 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25) ceramics were fabricated. The influence of co-doping of NN and high entropy perovskite oxide (SZSHTN) on the phase structure, microstructure and dielectric properties of NBT-based lead-free ceramics was investigated. Dense microstructure with a grain size of [Formula: see text]5 [Formula: see text]m is observed. When [Formula: see text] = 0.25, a wide dielectric temperature stable range of −35.4–224.3[Formula: see text]C with a low temperature coefficient of capacitance of [Formula: see text] 10% is achieved, fulfilling the industry standard of Y9P specification. Furthermore, excellent energy storage performance with recoverable energy density of 2.4 J/cm3, discharge efficiency of 71%, power density of 25.495 MW/cm3 and discharge rate [Formula: see text] 200 ns are simultaneously obtained, which shows great potential for high temperature capacitor applications.
Preparation of elastomeric nanocomposites using nanocellulose and recycled alum sludge for flexible dielectric materials
Authors: Sun Dongyang , Saw Bernard L. H. , Onyianta Amaka J. , Wang Bowen , Wilson Callum , O’Rourke Dominic , See Chan H. , Popescu Carmen-Mihaela , Dorris Mark , Shyha Islam , Lu Zhilun
Published: November 2022

Flexible dielectric materials with environmental-friendly, low-cost and high-energy density characteristics are in increasing demand as the world steps into the new Industrial 4.0 era. In this work, an elastomeric nanocomposite was developed by incorporating two components: cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and recycled alum sludge, as the reinforcement phase and to improve the dielectric properties, in a bio-elastomer matrix. CNF and alum sludge were produced by processing waste materials that would otherwise be disposed to landfills. A biodegradable elastomer polydimethylsiloxane was used as the matrix and the nanocomposites were processed by casting the materials in Petri dishes. Nanocellulose extraction and heat treatment of alum sludge were conducted and characterized using various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. When preparing the nanocomposite samples, various amount of alum sludge was added to examine their impact on the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Results have shown that it could be a sustainable practice of reusing such wastes in preparing flexible, lightweight and miniature dielectric materials that can be used for energy storage applications.
Fabrication plate-like BaBi4Ti4O15 single-crystalline particles by the molten salt synthesis method
Authors: Feng Xiaoying , Xu Bei , Xu Xiaoyu , Chen Penghui , Wu Zhuozhao , Teng Duo , Xu Jie , Gao Feng
Published: November 2022

Plate-like single-crystalline BaBi4Ti4[Formula: see text] particles were synthesized by the molten salt synthesis (MSS) method. The effects of sintering temperature, holding time, and NaCl–KCl molten salt content on the phase structure and morphology of plate-like BaBi4-Ti4[Formula: see text] particles were investigated. The results show that plate-like BaBi4Ti4[Formula: see text] particles can be synthesized when the sintering temperature is above 800[Formula: see text]C. The size of particles increases with increasing sintering temperature and molten salt content. Largely anisotropic plate-like BaBi4Ti4[Formula: see text] particles with diameter [Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text]m and thickness of [Formula: see text]0.3 [Formula: see text]m can be obtained under the optimum process parameters. The crystal structure of BaBi4Ti4[Formula: see text] was determined as A21am by TEM, which should be attributed to the Bi[Formula: see text] and Ba[Formula: see text] diffusing into [TiO6] octahedrons.
Infrared spectroscopy and chemometric modelling of organic carbon measured by Rock-Eval pyrolysis of UK shale rock
Authors: Beriro Darren J. , Vane Christopher H.
Published: November 2022

Shale rock core from the Bowland Shale Formation, UK, was analysed in the laboratory using Rock-Eval pyrolysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These methods are used to characterize the organic constituents of soil and rock. This research is a proof-of-concept study to investigate whether regression models developed using FTIR and Rock-Eval data for the same length of core can be used to estimate selected Rock-Eval parameters. The accuracy of the regression models was assessed using statistical methods, the results of which were used to choose preferred models for each Rock-Eval parameter. The models produced were shown to have an acceptable level of uncertainty for total organic carbon and S1, S2 and S3 outputs, which led us to conclude that these are potentially suitable for estimating unknown down-core Rock-Eval parameter values. Conversely, the model for the temperature of the maximum rate of hydrocarbon generation (
T
max
) had higher variability in the cross-validation data above the acceptable level of uncertainty, which could lead to erroneous estimates. Down-core interpolations of selected Rock-Eval parameters could be practically achieved by modelling FTIR data by maintaining standard sample frequencies for Rock-Eval while supplementing with higher frequencies for FTIR and chemometric analysis.
Ada-MIP: Adaptive Self-supervised Graph Representation Learning via Mutual Information and Proximity Optimization
Authors: Ren Yuyang , Zhang Haonan , Yu Peng , Fu Luoyi , Cao Xinde , Wang Xinbing , Chen Guihai , Long Fei , Zhou Chenghu
Published: November 2022

Self-supervised graph-level representation learning has recently received considerable attention. Given varied input distributions, jointly learning graphs’ unique and common features is vital to downstream tasks. Inspired by graph contrastive learning (GCL), which targets maximizing the agreement between graph representations from different views, we propose an
Ada
ptive self-supervised framework, Ada-MIP, considering both
M
utual
I
nformation between views (unique features) and inter-graph
P
roximity (common features). Specifically, Ada-MIP learns graphs’ unique information through a learnable and probably injective augmenter, which can acquire more adaptive views compared to the augmentation strategies applied by existing GCL methods; to learn graphs’ common information, we employ graph kernels to calculate graphs’ proximity and learn graph representations among which the precomputed proximity is preserved. By sharing a global encoder, graphs’ unique and common information can be well integrated into the graph representations learned by Ada-MIP. Ada-MIP is also extendable to semi-supervised scenarios, with our experiments confirming its superior performance in both unsupervised and semi-supervised tasks.
Path-Planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles with Environment Complexity Considerations: A Survey
Authors: Jones Michael , Djahel Soufiene , Welsh Kristopher
Published: November 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have the potential to make a significant impact in a range of scenarios where it is too risky or too costly to rely on human labour. Fleets of autonomous UAVs, which complete tasks collaboratively while managing their basic flight and related tasks independently, present further opportunities along with research and regulatory challenges. Improvements in UAV construction and components, along with developments in embedded computing hardware, communication mechanisms and sensors which may be mounted on-board a UAV, are nearing the point where commercial deployment of fleets of autonomous UAVs will be technically possible. To fulfil this potential, UAVs will need to operate safely and reliably in complex and potentially dynamically changing environments with path-planning, obstacle sensing and collision avoidance paramount. This survey presents an original environment complexity classification and critically analyses the current state of the art in relation to UAV path-planning approaches. Moreover, it highlights the existing challenges in environment complexity modelling and representation, as well as path-planning approaches, and outlines open research questions together with future directions.
Detection of Recolored Image by Texture Features in Chrominance Components
Authors: Zhang Yushu , Chen Nuo , Qi Shuren , Xue Mingfu , Hua Zhongyun
Published: November 2022

Image recoloring is an emerging editing technique that can change the color style of an image by modifying pixel values without altering the original image content. With the rapid proliferation of social network and image editing techniques, recolored images (RIs) have raised new security issues in society. Existing detection methods have good performance in detecting RIs for certain categories of recoloring techniques. However, the performance on the handcrafted recoloring scenario is still poor due to the influence of human prior knowledge. To deal with this problem, we explore a solution from the perspective of chrominance texture artifacts to improve the generalization ability. The results of the analysis show that natural images (NIs) and RIs have textural disparities in different color components, especially in the chrominance components (i.e., Cb, Cr, and H). Based on such new prior knowledge of statistical discriminability, we propose a feature set to capture texture features in chrominance components for identifying RIs. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately identify RIs with certain categories of recoloring techniques, and outperforms existing methods in the scenario of handcrafted recoloring.
Tensor Network Algorithms: A Route Map
Authors: Bañuls Mari Carmen
Published: November 2022

Tensor networks provide extremely powerful tools for the study of complex classical and quantum many-body problems. Over the past two decades, the increment in the number of techniques and applications has been relentless, and especially the last ten years have seen an explosion of new ideas and results that may be overwhelming for the newcomer. This short review introduces the basic ideas, the best established methods, and some of the most significant algorithmic developments that are expanding the boundaries of the tensor network potential. The goal of this review is to help the reader not only appreciate the many possibilities offered by tensor networks but also find their way through state-of-the-art codes, their applicability, and some avenues of ongoing progress.
Tuft Cells: Context- and Tissue-Specific Programming for a Conserved Cell Lineage
Authors: Kotas Maya E. , O'Leary Claire E. , Locksley Richard M.
Published: November 2022

Tuft cells are found in tissues with distinct stem cell compartments, tissue architecture, and luminal exposures but converge on a shared transcriptional program, including expression of taste transduction signaling pathways. Here, we summarize seminal and recent findings on tuft cells, focusing on major categories of function—instigation of type 2 cytokine responses, orchestration of antimicrobial responses, and emerging roles in tissue repair—and describe tuft cell–derived molecules used to affect these functional programs. We review what is known about the development of tuft cells from epithelial progenitors under homeostatic conditions and during disease. Finally, we discuss evidence that immature, or nascent, tuft cells with potential for diverse functions are driven toward dominant effector programs by tissue- or perturbation-specific contextual cues, which may result in heterogeneous mature tuft cell phenotypes both within and between tissues.