bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Safety of Apixaban for Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Daily Practice
Authors: Hendriks Stephan V. , Klok Frederikus A. , Stenger Wilhelmina J.E. , Mairuhu Albert T.A. , Eikenboom Jeroen , Fogteloo Jaap , Huisman Menno V.
Published: June 2020

Introduction Phase 3 trials have shown comparable efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and vitamin K antagonists in patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE), with less major bleeding events in patients randomized to DOAC treatment. With DOACs being increasingly used in clinical practice, evaluation of the DOACs in daily practice-based conditions is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of apixaban in VTE patients in daily practice.

Methods In this retrospective cohort study, consecutive patients diagnosed with VTE in two Dutch hospitals (Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden and Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague) were identified based on administrative codes. We assessed recurrent VTE, major bleeding and mortality during a 3-month follow-up period in those treated with apixaban.

Results Of 671 consecutive VTE patients treated with apixaban, 371 presented with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and 300 patients with deep-vein thrombosis. During 3 months treatment, 2 patients had a recurrent VTE (0.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–1.1), 12 patients had major bleeding (1.8%; 95% CI: 1.0–3.2), and 11 patients died (1.6%; 95% CI: 0.9–2.9), of which one patient with recurrent PE and one because of a intracerebral bleeding.

Conclusion In this daily practice-based cohort, apixaban yielded a low incidence of recurrent VTE, comparable to the phase 3 AMPLIFY study patients. The incidence of major bleeding was higher than in the AMPLIFY-study patients, reflecting the importance of daily practice evaluation and the fact that results from phase III clinical studies cannot be directly extrapolated toward daily practice.
Raman study of mixed solutions of methanol and ethanol
Authors: Emin Adil , Hushur Anwar , Mamtimin Tursunay
Published: June 2020

Methanol and ethanol are the simplest alcohols, which are widely used in industrial and medical fields, and even in daily life, we are often exposed to them because the basic component of various wines is ethanol, but the so-called “fake wine” is often accompanied by some methanol components. Here, in order to establish a method for measuring the concentration of methanol using Raman spectroscopy, the laser Raman method was used to study Raman spectroscopy of methanol and ethanol liquid samples. The research results show that due to the difference in the chemical structure, the Raman spectra of ethanol and methanol have significantly different characteristics. This study indicates that the 2840.2 cm−1 Raman shift is the main spectral basis for the detection of methanol; for ethanol, 888 cm−1, 1054.7 cm−1, and 1287.3 cm−1 are the most characteristic ones, and the identification of methanol in various liquid phases has certain practical value.
An advanced folded piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with low resonant frequency and high power density
Authors: Shi Chunkang , Li Fan , Zhao Jianhui
Published: June 2020

This paper reports an advanced folded piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PVEH) that has excellent power generation performance at the former two-order resonant frequencies. Its volume is ∼1 cm3 and its mass is less than 5 g. Extending piezoelectric transducer sheets can effectively avoid stress concentration and greatly improve the power generation performance of the device. Besides, by adjusting the height–length ratio of the folded structure under 0.35, the device can generate power effectively in the former two vibration modes. Finite element simulation analysis by COMSOL Multiphasic was performed to fabricate and test a series of PVEHs. Their resonant frequencies and peak output powers were analyzed. The advanced folded PVEH can harvest energy effectively at the former two resonant frequencies: 58 Hz and 136 Hz. A multi-line classical energy harvesting circuit is designed to harvest the energy generated by all bimorph beams. Under 0.4 g excitation acceleration, the two peak output voltages of the energy harvesting circuit are 19.4 V and 6.32 V and the two peak output powers of the energy harvesting circuit are 336.04 µW and 77.07 µW. In the former two-order vibration modes, the power densities are 2.1 mW/cm3/g2 and 0.48 mW/cm3/g2, respectively.
Small-time expansion of the Fokker–Planck kernel for space and time dependent diffusion and drift coefficients
Authors: Bilal Adel
Published: June 2020

We study the general solution of the Fokker–Planck equation in d dimensions with arbitrary space and time dependent diffusion matrix and drift terms. We show how to construct the solution for arbitrary initial distributions as an asymptotic expansion for small time. This generalizes the well-known asymptotic expansion of the heat kernel for the Laplace operator on a general Riemannian manifold. We explicitly work out the general solution to leading and next-to-leading order in this small-time expansion, as well as to next-to-next-to-leading order for vanishing drift. We illustrate our results on a several examples.
Interface and surface engineering of hematite photoanode for efficient solar water oxidation
Authors: Chen Xiangyan , Fu Yanming , Hong Liu , Kong Tingting , Shi Xiaobo , Wang Guangxu , Qu Le , Shen Shaohua
Published: June 2020

Engineering the interface and surface structures of semiconductor-based photoelectrodes for improved charge transfer dynamics and promoted water redox reaction kinetics is essential to achieve efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this work, α-Fe2O3 nanorods, successively coated with TiO2 and CoOx thin layers, were reported as the photoanode for solar-driven water oxidation. The obtained α-Fe2O3/TiO2/CoOx photoanode exhibits superior PEC performance as compared to bare α-Fe2O3, with a 3.3-time improvement in photocurrent density at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode. This significant enhancement results from the formed heterojunction between α-Fe2O3 and TiO2 for the accelerated photogenerated charge separation and transfer as well as the passivated surface defects by the TiO2 overlayer for reduced charge recombination. Additionally, the existence of CoOx as the oxygen evolution catalyst significantly facilitates the surface reaction kinetics and thus reduces the overpotential for water oxidation. This study demonstrates a collaborative strategy of interface and surface engineering to design novel structures of α-Fe2O3 based photoanodes for highly efficient solar water oxidation.
A structural indicator for water built upon potential energy considerations
Authors: Montes de Oca Joan M. , Sciortino Francesco , Appignanesi Gustavo A.
Published: June 2020

We introduce a parameter-free structural indicator to classify local environments of water molecules in stable and supercooled liquid states, which reveals a clear two-peak distribution of local properties. The majority of molecules are tetrahedrally coordinated (T molecules), via low-energy hydrogen bonds. The minority component, whose relative concentration decreases with a decrease in the temperature at constant pressure, is characterized by prevalently three-coordinated molecules, giving rise to a distorted local network around them (D molecules). The inter-conversion between T and D molecules explains the increasing specific heat at constant pressure on cooling. The local structure around a T molecule resembles the one found experimentally in low-density amorphous ice (a network structure mostly composed by T molecules), while the local structure around a D molecule is reminiscent of the structural properties of high-density amorphous ice (a network structure composed by a mixture of T and D molecules).
Simulation of photochemically induced motion of matter in gradient light fields
Authors: Nesterenko Dmitry V. , Moujdi Sara , Hayashi Shinji , Sekkat Zouheir
Published: June 2020

The motion of matter containing photoreactive units, such as azo dyes, occurs when the latter undergo cyclic photoisomerization in gradients of light intensity; an effect referred to by photochemical tweezing. Matter motion is polarization sensitive owing to photo-selection of the azo dyes, and it has been described in detail by the recently developed theory of photoinduced vectorial motion of matter (PVMM). Indeed, motion occurs in the direction of the vector gradient of the actinic light with an efficiency that depends on the respective orientations of light polarization and gradient vectors. This paper uses rigorous numerical simulations to reproduce the motion of matter by photochemical tweezing in gradients of intensities produced by a Gaussian beam as well as by an interference pattern resulting from two coherent beams. The simulations are based on the PVMM theory and reproduce very well experimental observations. In particular, and in agreement with the published literature, the parameters used in our simulations impose mobility enhancement of solid azo-polymers by photoisomerization to the viscous flow level, and matter motion is due to the concomitant effects of the enhancement of molecular mobility and the photoisomerization force in the gradients of light fields.
Vortex Fluidic Ethenolysis, Integrating a Rapid Quench of Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts
Authors: Pye Scott J. , Chalker Justin M. , Raston Colin L.
Published: June 2020

Ruthenium-catalysed ethenolysis occurs in a vortex fluidic device (VFD) – a scalable, thin-film microfluidic continuous flow process. This process takes advantage of the efficient mass transfer of gaseous reagents into the dynamic thin film of liquid. Also reported is the rapid quenching of the ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalyst by the addition of a saturated solution of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in MeCN, as a convenient alternative to previously reported quenching methods.
Vegetation change 10 years after cattle removal in a savanna landscape
Authors: Kemp Jeanette E. , Kutt Alexander S.
Published: June 2020

Following the establishment of a conservation reserve, changes in ground stratum vegetation following removal of cattle were examined in a northern Australian savanna over a 10-year period. The floristic composition of 40 vegetation plots in lowland savannas were surveyed shortly after acquisition of the property, and then surveyed twice in the following 10 years after cattle removal. Some notable ecosystem-transforming introduced species (weeds) such as Themeda quadrivalvis remained relatively stable, whereas the pasture legume Stylosanthes scabra increased in cover. The species richness of both native and introduced plants increased. Various plant functional groups changed in relative cover, with a decline in relatively unpalatable grasses and a corresponding increase in palatable grasses, responses that are consistent with recovery from grazing pressure. Our results show that removal of cattle in highly disturbed savanna ecosystems can have both positive and negative results for native ground stratum vegetation in the first decade of recovery.
The loss of affixation in Cham
Authors: Brunelle Marc
Published: June 2020

Chamic languages have been spoken in Central Vietnam since about
600 AD. While Classical Cham (9th–15th centuries), had already lost a significant
proportion of its Austronesian affixation, it also borrowed new affixes from Mon-Khmer.
Modern Cham (16th–19th centuries) underwent another wave of reduction that led to a
largely monosyllabic and affixless Colloquial Eastern Cham (20th–21st centuries).

In this paper I first look at representative Classical Cham
inscriptions, establishing the extent to which they exhibit a reduction of affixation,
and discussing possible contact scenarios that may have led to this reduction. I then
assess the prevalence of affixation in Modern Cham manuscripts and in Colloquial Eastern
Cham, and argue that the role Vietnamese played in Cham monosyllabisation must have been
more indirect than previously assumed.
Dual heritage
Authors: Gil David
Published: June 2020

How and why did Riau Indonesian acquire its isolating profile? Its
isolating structure may traced back continuously through a series of increasingly large
language networks – Malay/Indonesian koinés, Malay/Indonesian in general, Malayic,
Western Nusantara, and the Mekong-Mamberamo linguistic area – thereby refuting claims
that it is the product of a recent event of creolisation. Riau Indonesian and its
relatives exhibit dual heritage: Austronesian and Mekong-Mamberamo. From an Austronesian
perspective, the isolating profile developed when Austronesian languages first spread
into Nusantara, as a result of contact with the languages that were already present in
the region. However, from a Mekong-Mamberamo point of view, the isolating structure may
be viewed as the outcome of vertical inheritance dating back as far as we can see.
Voice and bare verbs in Colloquial Minangkabau
Authors: Crouch Sophie
Published: June 2020

Minangkabau is an Austronesian language spoken primarily in West
Sumatra. Previous studies of voice and morphosyntax, which have largely relied on
elicitation-based methodology, suggest that Minangkabau can be characterised as an
Indonesian-type language since its active/passive voice system resembles that of
Malay/Indonesian. This study, which makes use of a corpus of naturalistic Minangkabau
data, finds that the use of bare verbs (i.e. verbs that are unmarked for voice) is
pervasive in informal and conversational contexts. Morphological underspecification for
voice in the naturalistic data suggests that Colloquial Minangkabau is a distinct
variety. The apparent optional nature of voice marking in Colloquial Minangkabau
indicates that its function is primarily semantic and conceptual, and that Colloquial
Minangkabau is better characterised as having a Sundic-type voice system.
Microstructural investigations on simulated intercritical heat-affected zone of boron modified P91-steel
Authors: Khajuria Akhil , Akhtar Modassir , Bedi Raman , Kumar Rajneesh , Ghosh Mainak , Das C. R. , Albert Shaju K.
Published: June 2020

Conventional P91 and boron modified P91-steels were considered in the present investigation. Using Gleeble, weld intercritical heat-affected zone (ICHAZ) was processed. Conventional microscopy was done along with electron back-scattered diffraction for both specimens. Lath boundary of martensite was more, and preferably oriented for P91B-ICHAZ than P91-ICHAZ. Lattice strain was high and lath mobility was low for P91B-ICHAZ in comparison to P91-ICHAZ. Large fraction of ferritic grain structure (39.1%) and small fraction of fresh martensitic grain structure (9.5%) in P91-ICHAZ, whereas small fraction of ferritic grain structure (10.7%) and large fraction of fresh martensitic grain structure (32.7%) in P91B-ICHAZ was observed. However, tempered martensite exhibited meager variation. These differences between ICHAZ simulations were attributed to the presence of 100ppm-boron in P91B-steel.
Policy design and state capacity in the COVID-19 emergency in Italy: if you are not prepared for the (un)expected, you can be only what you already are
Authors: Capano Giliberto
Published: June 2020

Italy was the first large epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Western world. Since the country has not had any serious experience with this kind of disease in recent decades, its response has been indicative of a first reaction to an (un)known and (un)expected event. At the same time, the Italian experience is an emblematic case of how a lack of specific preparedness measures drives a country to deal with this kind of crisis through a process in which the existing characteristics of the policy and political system, with all their pros and cons, prevail. This means that the existing country characteristics that affects policy design, state capacity, institutional arrangements and political games forge the process and content of the response. Based on this observation, this paper analyses the policy dynamics of the first four months of management of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, focusing on how the health and economic responses were designed and implemented.
Stress eating: Autophagy targets nuclear pore complexes
Authors: Gross Angelina Sarah , Graef Martin
Published: June 2020

Lee et al. (2020. Nat. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-019-0459-2) and, in this issue, Tomioka et al. (2020. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201910063) describe the targeted degradation of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) by selective autophagy, providing insight into the mechanisms of turnover for individual nucleoporins and entire NPCs.
The impurity size-effect and phonon deformation potentials in wurtzite GaN
Authors: Kluth Elias , Wieneke Matthias , Bläsing Jürgen , Witte Hartmut , Lange Karsten , Dadgar Armin , Goldhahn Rüdiger , Feneberg Martin
Published: June 2020

Doping induced changes in lattice parameters are investigated experimentally for the shallow donors silicon and germanium in thin-film wurtzite a-plane GaN. Silicon doping results in a lattice contraction while germanium doping results in a small but measurable lattice expansion. By high-resolution x-ray diffraction, we are able to determine the isotropically averaged size-effect with high accuracy. The analysis procedure yields en passant results for the phonon deformation potentials

c

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1

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)

and

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2
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.
Waves induced by heterogeneity in oscillatory media
Authors: Huang Chunli , Huang Xiaoqing , Zhang Xiaoming , Cui Xiaohua
Published: June 2020

Various behaviours of nonlinear wave propagation and competition have been discussed and investigated extensively and meticulously, especially when the media are homogeneous. However, corresponding studies in heterogeneous media are much scarcer. In this paper, spontaneously generated waves from one-dimensional heterogeneous oscillatory media, modelled by complex Ginzburg–Landau equations with spatially varied controlling parameters, are investigated. An unexpected homogeneous wave train clearly emerges under certain conditions. With the theory of interface-selected waves, we can theoretically predict the frequencies and wavenumbers under several conditions. This kind of wave train can be found in a wide region of parameter space. These phenomena are robust when parameters are varied nonlinearly or linearly with fluctuation. Moreover, this kind of homogeneous wave plays an important role in wave competition and affects wave propagation in spatially heterogeneous nonlinear systems, which will bring new applications of heterogeneity and provide new ideas for wave control.
Intercore spontaneous Raman scattering impact on quantum key distribution in multicore fiber
Authors: Cai Chun , Sun Yongmei , Ji Yuefeng
Published: June 2020

We propose a theoretical model to quantitatively estimate the intercore spontaneous Raman scattering (ICSRS) in multicore fiber based on intercore crosstalk. We analyze the properties of ICSRS through numerical simulations. Then, the impact of ICSRS on quantum key distribution (QKD) is evaluated with a classical dense wavelength division multiplexing system in a seven-core fiber. We evaluate the impact in two scenarios, long-distance transmission and metropolitan area transmission. For long-distance transmission, it is revealed that both the forward-ICSRS and backward-ICSRS will reduce the maximum transmission distance of QKD and backward-ICSRS has more impairment to QKD. However, over the range of metropolitan area networks, QKD is not impaired seriously by ICSRS with typical power of classical signal. Finally, we compare the properties of SRS generated in single-core fiber and the properties of ICSRS.
Fluctuation-dissipation theorems and transport coefficients of the gases, liquids and nanofluids
Authors: Ya Rudyak V
Published: June 2020

In present paper a problem of the determination and calculation of transport coefficients is discussed. Gases, liquids, dispersed fluid including nanofluids are considered. The special section deals with the transport processes in fluids under confined conditions. The fluctuation dissipation theorems for transport coefficients of the turbulent fluid are formulated. It was shown that in all cases the transport coefficients are determined by the fluctuation-dissipation theorems. In according with these theorems the transport coefficients are the integrals of the correlation functions of the microfluctuations of the corresponding dynamical variables. The structure of the viscosity coefficient of all media mentioned above is analysed in detail. In the last part of the paper these viscosity coefficients are calculated by the molecular dynamics method.
On the possibility of determining antineutrino mass by measuring relative characteristics in β-decay processes
Authors: Samsonenko N V , Ndahayo F , Alibin M A
Published: June 2020

An influence of the neutrino (antineutrino) mass on the characteristics of nuclei and neutron β-deca y is demonstr ated. It has been shown that meas uring relative character istics allows one to get rid of the unknown nuclear structure, which makes it possible to determine the magnitude of the neutrino (antineutrino) mass in the β-decay processes with greater accuracy. An analysis was carried out based on general theoretical formulas for differential probabilities of the β-decays of the free neutron and tritium nucleus. As a result, it was possible to obtain simple formulas from which a theoretical estimation for the neutrino (antineutrino) rest mass can be obtained.
Eigen values and proper solutions of the second Stokes problem for Fermi gases with constant amplitude of surface oscillation
Authors: Bedrikova E A , Seregina S L
Published: June 2020

In the work a kinetic equation for the problem of gas oscillation is derived. Mirror-diffuse boundary conditions are formulated. Own solutions of the characteristic equations corresponding to the eigenfunctions of the problem are presented. The dispersion function by using the Sokhodsky formulas is analyzed.
Interaction of electromagnetic H-wave with thin conducting film taking into account anisotropy of isoenergetic surface of conductor
Authors: Kuznetsova I A , Romanov D N , Yushkanov A A
Published: June 2020

The coefficients of reflection, absorption and transmission of electromagnetic H-wave with thin conducting film located between two dielectric environments are calculated in the framework of the kinetic theory in this article. The case of an anisotropic isoenergetic surface of a conductor is considered. The electromagnetic wave is incident onto the upper surface of the film at an arbitrary angle. The case of different specularity coefficients when reflecting electrons (holes) from the lower and upper surfaces of the film is considered. The isoenergetic surface of the conductor is a three-axis ellipsoid, one main axis of which is parallel to the normal to the boundary of the film, and the other to the electric field of the incident electromagnetic wave. The analysis of the dependences of the reflection, absorption and transmission coefficients on the effective mass for degenerate and non-degenerate gas of free charge carriers is carried out.
Multi-electrode quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier as an intensity modulator of signals in optical communication systems
Authors: Yazbeck H A , Belyaev V V , Tkachenko I M , Hamze M M
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we are going to exhibit the system performance using the single, double and three-electrode quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier as an intensity modulator (3E-QD-SOA-IM) of the adaptively modulated optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (AMOOFDM) signals in the intensity-modulation direct-detection passive optical network (IMDD-PON) systems. Moreover, to compare the bit-rate versus transmission distance of the proposed fiber link model when using both configurations multi-electrode semiconductor optical amplifier intensity-modulator (ME-SOA-IM) and multi-electrode quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier intensity-modulator (ME-QD-SOA-IM), to study the improvement of the transmission capacity, distance reach and power efficiency when applying the proposed configurations for optical access networks for distances ranging from 20 km up to 120 km. The three-electrode configuration solved the nonlinearity of the two-electrode configuration and offered a considerably wider range of optimum operating conditions to achieve up to 35 Gbps. Furthermore, the 3E-QD-SOA-IM showed a better performance over the 3E-SOA-IM over all the 120 km, and a 5 Gbps enhancement in the bitrate with a 20 dB less optical input power at 20 km.
Study of resonant-tunneling diodes I-V curves kinetics under destabilizing factors influence
Authors: Cherkasov K V , Meshkov S A , Makeev M O , Ivanov Yu A
Published: June 2020

Resonant-tunneling diodes (RTD) are prospective EHF and UHF electronics elements. Using RTDs as radio frequency converter’s nonlinear element would allow to improve converter’s performance indices and extend its frequency range up to THz. The purpose of research is investigating kinetics of the RTD’s I-V curve under given operating conditions, such as high temperature and ionizing radiation’s influence. For this case, special mathematical models are submitted. These models describe RTD I-V curves’s degradation under high temperature and ionizing radiation’s influence. Basing on described models a program package allowing to simulated RTD I-V curves’s kinetics under listed factors’ influence was developed. Results’ adequacy is verified by comparison with experimental data.
Methodology of accounting technological and operational factors in the process of complex optimal design of micro and nanodevices, manufactured using group technologies
Authors: Meshkov S A
Published: June 2020

The problem of ensuring micro and nanodevices’ main quality indices (performance, reliability and manufacturability) at design stage is considered. Group technologies used in micro and nanodevices’ production provide high correlation of device parameters formed simultaneously in single technological cycle. This imposes restrictions on the methods of ensuring the serial availability and reliability of micro and nanodevices. Existing design technique does not allow to reach optimal combination of performance, manufacturability and reliability indices for devices batch. The purpose of this paper is to develop a micro and nanodevices’ complex design methodology that would allow to reach optimal combination of main quality indices using existing group technologies: performance indices and serial availability in given manufacturing conditions and reliability in given operating conditions. To achieve this goal an additional stage of design and technological optimization is introduced into conventional process scheme. Input parameters for this stage are device’s design parameters from circuit design and design engineering stages, technological errors of these parameters from technological preparation stage and data on the device design parameters and performance indices’ kinetics under given operating conditions. As a result of the optimization, corrections to the nominal device design parameters that maximize the target function are determined. The objective function is either probability of finding device performance indices inside imposed limits range, or probability of performing specified functions during given operating time, or gamma-percent operating time to parametric failure. Submitted methodology was tested on micro and nanoelectronic devices, namely, microwave mixer and rectifier with resonant-tunneling diode as nonlinear element.
Superconducting properties of bi-layer graphene in chiral model
Authors: Rybakov Yu P , Umar M , Iskandar M
Published: June 2020

Within the scope of the graphene chiral model we suggest a description of superconducting properties of the bi-layer graphene with some twisting angle a between the layers. The interaction with an external magnetic field is included through the gauge invariance principle, the field being oriented along the graphene plane. The expression for the optimal twisting angle generating superconductivity is obtained, the latter being equivalent to the vanishing magnetic field between the graphene layers (the Meissner effect).
Octamers participation in the formation of lysozyme ordered layers from crystallization solutions
Authors: Folomeshkin M S , Marchenkova M A , Boikova A S , Ilina K S , Pisarevsky Yu V , Yu Seregin A , Kovalchuk M V
Published: June 2020

The results of the study of thin film ordered protein structures formed from polydisperse solutions of lysozyme using Langmuir technology are presented. The proposed method for producing protein films is based on a modification of the Langmuir-Schaeffer method, which consists in using a pre-prepared protein solution with the addition of a precipitant. The pre-prepared protein solutions’ parameters (protein and precipitant concentrations, buffer type, etc.) correspond to protein crystallization conditions. It is assumed that protein oligomers formed in the solution as a result of the addition of the precipitant (in particular, for lysozyme these oligomers include octamers) are directly involved in the formation of Langmuir protein layers on the surface of the liquid and on solid substrates. Using the method of grazing-incidence X-ray standing waves, the structure of multilayered protein systems formed from polydisperse solutions was studied, which made it possible to determine directly the position of precipitant ions (NaCl, CuCl2 and NiCl2) relative to the protein layer. The method of processing the X-ray reflectivity and grazing-incidence X-ray standing waves data, based on the use of information on the atomic structure of lysozyme octamers isolated from the crystal lattice, made it possible to determine the thickness and electron density of protein films and to reveal the orientation of protein molecules in the layer.
Influence of 2,3-naphthalocyanines structure on their supramolecular organization in floating layers
Authors: Kazak A V , Marchenkova M A , Dubinina T V , Chausov D N
Published: June 2020

Herein, we present a study of the floating layers morphology for 2-naphthyl- and 2-naphthoxy-substituted zinc 2,3-naphthalocyaninates. The packing of molecules in the monolayer structures at the air-water interface were simulated, and the unit-cell parameters of face-on and edge-on monolayers were calculated. Using these data, the supramolecular organization of the floating layers of the substituted 2,3-naphthalocyanine complexes was determined. It was shown that these compounds form stable layers with edge-on packing of molecules at the air-water interface. The results obtained give the possibility to use more efficiently thin-film structures based on the obtained Langmuir layers in optoelectronics.
Formation of spiral microstructures during crystallization of 4,4‘-azoxyanisole from a benzene solution
Authors: Vasilchikova E N , Konstantinov M S , Mashchenko V I , Chausova O V , Kuzmin M K , Dadivanyan A K
Published: June 2020

A phenomenon of formation of multiple “coffee rings” consisting of microcrystals in the 4,4‘-azoxyanisole - benzene system was experimentally and theoretically investigated. It is shown that by changing of the geometry of a drop, for example, by placing a metal ball in its center it is possible to fundamentally change the geometry of the “coffee ring”. Assumptions were made about the physical nature of the effect of the formation of a “coffee ring” of a spiral shape. The proposed geometric model of this phenomenon reflects well the physical processes occurring during spiral crystallization, and the model is in good agreement with the experimental data obtained by gravimetry. New approaches to the formation of microstructures of functional materials with a thermotropic liquid crystal phase on a glass substrate can be used to create devices for nano – and microelectronics and optical technology.
Liquid crystal aligning using different approaches
Authors: Kamanina N , Jovanovic Z , Belyaev V
Published: June 2020

In the current paper the classical and new relief at the interface: solid substrate-liquid crystal mesophase is presented in order to orient the liquid crystal molecules with good advantage. Rubbing technique, some geometric construction at the interface, UV and VIS treatment of the polymers, and laser oriented method are shown. The last one is connected with the materials surface relief modification using the laser-matter interaction process by the application of the IR CO2–laser at the wavelength of 10.6 micrometers. As the efficient nano-objects applied for the relief improvement the carbon nanotubes with the small refractive index close to 1.1 and the large Young’s modulus are used. As an additional, the varied electric field of 100-600 V/cm is applied in order to deposit the carbon nanotubes at the materials surfaces in the vertical position and to form the covalent bonding between the carbon atoms and the model matrix materials surface atoms. The novel results are shown in comparison with that obtained before for the classical orienting liquid crystal molecules methods. It extends dramatically the area of the liquid crystal cells use.
Modulation of structure and optical properties micro-fibrils of plants by means of electrical, deformation and optical treatments
Authors: Vinokurov S A , Tsebruk I S , Betenina T D , Klassen N V
Published: June 2020

Variations of structure and optical properties of micro-fibrils of plants induced by optical, electrical, deformation and water treatments were studied in situ by means of optical polarization microscopy. Bundles of dry fibrils pulled out from nettle, maple and spruce were used for the experiments. Strong enhancement of the optical anisotropy in all of the fibrils has been found just after their wetting with water. Appearance of this anisotropy is attributed to orientation ordering of cellulose molecules in the neighbor layers of the walls of the fibrils. This ordering is explained by penetration of water molecules into the interfaces between cellulose layers and amorphous lignin polymers bound with cellulose molecules in the dry state of the fibrils. Relatively week electrical fields applied to the fibrils removes this anisotropy by pushing out the molecules of water from these interfaces. Evaporation of water returns the fibrils to optically isotropic state as well. The changes of the anisotropy of the fibrils are followed with their deformations These deformations induce internal electrical fields. Hence the interactions of the fibrils with water, electrical and deformation fields result in self-consistent propagation of electromechanical waves along the plants vessels. These waves are capable to transport feeding nutrients. Irradiation of wood components immersed in water by ultraviolet light induces dissolving of lignin and produces pure cellulose fibers. This phenomenon provides the development of new ecologically safety technology of production of cellulose.
Wireless system of autonomous temperature and humidity sensors in potato storages
Authors: Nunuparov M , Khotemlyansky P , Popovich A E , Panchishin V
Published: June 2020

Autonomous wireless sensors for the temperature and humidity in the premises for storing vegetables allow you to create automatic systems to maintain the storage conditions of these products, which is necessary for their proper long-term preservation. This article proposes a system for wireless monitoring of temperature and humidity, which reduces the costs of laying and operating cable sensors in the infrastructure of fruit and vegetable stores, and monitors temperature and humidity at different levels of the embankment of fruits or containers. A feature of the proposed automation technology is the ability to measure temperature / humidity in hard-to-reach places, for example, in ducts or, which is especially important, in the depths of a mound of potatoes, where it is almost impossible to monitor the processes of formation of rotting foci.
Measurements of porous aluminum oxide thermal properties
Authors: Kurilov A D , Belyaev V V , Alyasova E E , Osin A V , Tokareva O A , Nessemon K D , Belyaev A A , Kh Abduev A
Published: June 2020

A method of measurement of the thermal performances of composite materials on the base of the porous aluminium oxide is described. The method takes into account the heat inhomogeneity, the material inhomogeneity and anisotropy as well as specimen’s surface radiation. Investigations of the thermophysics properties of the porous substrate fabricated with using of the electrochemical aluminium oxide technology vs. temperature and long staying in a climate chamber were fulfilled. The tests demonstrated that the climatic impact does not influence on the high thermophysics properties of the aluminium oxide material that have extremely high thermal conductivity ≤ 120 W/(m·K).
Real-time distributed computing system for modeling of physical processes
Authors: Bychkov V , Dembitsky N
Published: June 2020

Modern physical experiment imposes stringent requirements on the speed of computing devices built into an experimental setup. The purpose of them is to manage the simulated processes in a timely manner synchronized with the rate of parameters change. Coordinated by the interaction of physical and computational processes in the experiment most often determines the receipt of adequate results. At developing of control systems for experimental installations, not only calculations of functional characteristics and dependencies are required, but also a logical analysis of the input information. Survey of a large number of sensors, the need to control numerous devices and physical installations results in an avalanche of the software growth, slowing down information traffic, and increasing of the computing load on computers. All this complicates the task of coordinating of computational and physical processes in the experiment, and reduces the reliability of control systems. The proposed approach to increasing the efficiency of computing systems is based on the distribution of computers within the experimental setup. Methods of continuum computing devices embedding into the control of interacting processes and their transformation into one of the links in the system are considered. On the basis of continuum processors, a hardware implementation of a distributed knowledge processing system is created, which is built into the complex of control and management tools for complex experimental installations.
A quick method for size estimating of “green areas” in aerial photography
Authors: Astashev M , Baimler I , Zakharyan R , Sotskov V , Lomanov V , Romanova I
Published: June 2020

Developed software that measures the size of “green areas” in aerial photography. The software allows you to work with photos and videos that have any scale mark. In addition, the program allows you to evaluate the profile area of “green areas” in aerial photography. The article provides an example of using software. The features are shown, screenshots are provided for clarity.
Deposition of thin films of nanoscale carbon onto solid samples as a method of suppressing surface colonization of bacteria
Authors: Anpilov A M , Barkhudarov E M , Cristofi N , Ivashkin P I , Moryakov I V , Barlow P B , Kossyi I A , Misakyan M A , Yarkova T A , Athi Narayanan S M , Ponard M
Published: June 2020

The paper presents preliminary results demonstrating the bactericidal properties of surface coatings created on metal and dielectric samples by evaporation of a colloidal solution of nanostructured carbon. A colloidal solution of nanocarbon was obtained using a high-voltage pulsed multi-spark discharge in ethanol with argon injection into the interelectrode space. The main properties of a colloidal solution and the parameters of its constituent nanoparticles are given. Bactericidal activity was assessed by seeding Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) bacterial cultures on prepared slides. Results on suppression of bacterial colonization on samples coated with carbon nanoparticles are presented.
The elements of mathematical modelling of the bearing ring grinding
Authors: Tumanova M B , Koltunov I I , Gorbunova T N
Published: June 2020

According to the calculation results, numerical values of the error of the shape along the profile of the inner surface of the ring are obtained. The largest error values were obtained with cartridge grinding of the inner surface of the ring. Smaller error values correspond to the grinding scheme on hard supports. In this paper, we propose a method for forming a volume finite element model of a bearing ring. Application of the model made it possible to assess the effect of the grinding pattern of the inner cylindrical surface on the error in the shape of the ring.
Description of Projective Transvection of Projective Special Linear Group PSL
2(K) Over a Field K
Authors: Sabbar Shakir , Widodo Agus , Hidayat Noor , Alghofari Abdul Rouf
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to introduce one of the most important element closely connected with the classical linear group namely projective special linear groups SL
2(K)/Z of degree 2 over a field K, where Z is the center of the special linear group SL
2(K) consists of all scalar matrices whose determinants 1. This element called projective transvection which is an element of the projective special linear group PSL
2(K) that is, a coset gZ where g is some element in SL
2(K). In the present study, we will extend our conception about the projective transvection, so we can say this element is generating set of PSL
2(K). For that reason, we need todescribe this element for obtaining more conception about PSL
2(K) especially to describe subgroups of PSL
2(K) that have been generated by projective transvection.
Modelling of SDG’s Achievement in East Java Using Bi-responses Nonparametric Regression with Mixed Estimator Spline Truncated and Kernel
Authors: Dewanti Paramita , Nyoman Budiantara I , Rumiati Agnes Tuti
Published: June 2020

The Government of Indonesia has grouped 17 objectives of SDG’s into 4 pillars, among others: social pillars, economic pillars, the pillars of environmental development and the pillars of legal development and Governance. Some strategic indicators are used to know the achievement of SDG’S especially achievement in social and economic pillars such as the Human Development Index (HDI) and Gini Ratio. There are several variables affecting then. A method used to model the effects of its variables is regression analysis. The results of the initial exploration through the scatter plot shows a pattern that changes and disconnects at a certain point for a variable IPM with a variable that is allegedly influencing it. With a scatter plot, it can be found that between the Gini ratio variables with some of its predictive variables, does not have a specific pattern. Bi-responses nonparametric regression is an analysis that appropriates with that case. Bi-responses nonparametric regression analysis is a type of nonparametric regression analysis used when the pattern between two response variables and some of the predictor variables is unknown or if there is no prior information regarding the pattern of them. Most of researchers use bi-responses nonparametric regression approached by spline truncated, kernel and etc. Most of the research, use kernel and spline truncated because of their advantages such as: have a good capability to develop model from unknown pattern data and have a good visual representation. The first aim of this paper is obtaining the estimator of mixed estimator spline truncated and kernel in bi-responses nonparametric regression with weighted least square. The second aim is gaining a best model to explain the relationship indicators of SDG’s achievement with some variables affecting them. To obtain the best model, it is necessary to select the optimal of knots point and bandwidth parameters using a smallest Generalized Cross Validation (GCV).
A photoactivatable antibody–Chlorin e6 conjugate enabling singlet oxygen production for tumor-targeting photodynamic therapy
Authors: Pan Qi , Li Kaixuan , Cheng Xiaoyi , Chen Lin , Yu Qi , Fan HengXin , Zheng Liang , Yang Zihua , Ni Feng
Published: June 2020

Photodynamic therapy is a new technology for disease diagnosis and treatment in modern medical clinics. The main advantages of photodynamic therapy are low toxicity and side effects, a wide range of applications, no drug resistance, and no obvious trauma in the treatment process. However, to achieve effective photodynamic therapy, new photosensitizer carriers need to be constructed, which can selectively deliver photosensitizers into tumor tissues. In this work, a photoactivatable antibody–Chlorin e6 conjugate with a dual-function to target tumor tissue and realize cancer photodynamic therapy is constructed. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that the antibody–Chlorin e6 conjugate has the ability to target tumors rapidly and efficiently, and has the ability to generate reactive oxygen species and kill tumor cells. Overall, this photoactivable antibody–Chlorin e6 conjugate may provide a promising strategy to address the current challenges of cancer photodynamic therapy.
Photocatalytic efficiency of brilliant green dye on ZnO loaded on cotton stalk activated carbon
Authors: Nithya R , Ragupathy S , Sakthi D , Arun V , Kannadasan N
Published: June 2020

In this study, ZnO loaded on cotton stalk activated carbon (ZnO/CSAC) has been successfully synthesized by the chemical precipitation method. XRD patterns showed that ZnO/CSAC have two phases are hexagonal wurtizite and amorphous structures. The average particle size is reduced (12.4 nm) upon loading CSAC than the ZnO NPs. The band gap value is decreased (2.50 eV) upon loading on CSAC compared to ZnO NPs. The functional groups identify using by FT-IR spectrum. FE-SEM images a pure ZnO revealed a 15–40 nm spherical structure and 10–35 nm large agglomerations spherical structure for ZnO/CSAC and then, EDAX spectrum affirmed the formation of ZnO/CSAC. BET surface area and pore volume of the 22.18 m2 g−1 and 0.210 cm3 g−1 for the ZnO NPs and make it increased surface area and pore volume due to the adding CSAC to 263.18 m2 g−1 and 0.306 cm3 g−1. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of brilliant green (BG) dye and results shows that ZnO/CSAC sample improves photocatalytic activity than the ZnO NPs. Amidst all; ZnO/CSAC showed the maximum degradation the efficiency (90.26%) than the ZnO. These results show that the ZnO/CSAC sample is due to the synergistic effect between ZnO (photocatalysts) and CSAC (adsorption), its also possible mechanism and pseudo-first-order model are used to analysis the kinetics.
Distributed mixed signal demultiplexer for electrocorticography electrodes
Authors: Marcoleta Juan Pablo , Nogueira Waldo , Doll Theodor
Published: June 2020

This work presents a novel architecture, exemplified for electrophysiological applications like ECoG that can be used to detect Epilepsy. The new ECoG is based on a mixed analog-digital architecture (Pulse Amplitude Modulation PAM), that allows the use of thousands of electrodes for recording. Whilst the increased number of electrodes helps to refine the spatial resolution of the medical application, the transmission of the signals from the electrodes to an external analysing device appears to be a bottleneck. To overcoming this, our work presents a hardware architecture and corresponding protocol for a mixed architecture that improves the information density between channels and their signal-to-noise ratio. This is shown by the correlation between the input and the transmitted signals in comparison to a classical digital transmission (Pulse Code Modulation PCM) system. We show in this work that it is possible to transmit the signals of 10 channels with a analog-digital architecture with the same quality of a full digital architecture.