bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast magnetization enhancement via the dynamic spin-filter effect of type-II Weyl nodes in a kagome ferromagnet
Authors: Lu Xianyang , Lin Zhiyong , Pi Hanqi , Zhang Tan , Li Guanqi , Gong Yuting , Yan Yu , Ruan Xuezhong , Li Yao , Zhang Hui , Li Lin , He Liang , Wu Jing , Zhang Rong , Weng Hongming , Zeng Changgan , Xu Yongbing
Published: March 2024

The magnetic type-II Weyl semimetal (MWSM) Co3Sn2S2 has recently been found to host a variety of remarkable phenomena including surface Fermi-arcs, giant anomalous Hall effect, and negative flat band magnetism. However, the dynamic magnetic properties remain relatively unexplored. Here, we investigate the ultrafast spin dynamics of Co3Sn2S2 crystal using time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect and reflectivity spectroscopies. We observe a transient magnetization behavior, consisting of spin-flipping dominated fast demagnetization, slow demagnetization due to overall half-metallic electronic structures, and an unexpected ultrafast magnetization enhancement lasting hundreds of picoseconds upon femtosecond laser excitation. By combining temperature-, pump fluence-, and pump polarization-dependent measurements, we unambiguously demonstrate the correlation between the ultrafast magnetization enhancement and the Weyl nodes. Our theoretical modelling suggests that the excited electrons are spin-polarized when relaxing, leading to the enhanced spin-up density of states near the Fermi level and the consequently unusual magnetization enhancement. Our results reveal the unique role of the Weyl properties of Co3Sn2S2 in femtosecond laser-induced spin dynamics.
Integrative genomic analyses identify candidate causal genes for calcific aortic valve stenosis involving tissue-specific regulation
Authors: Thériault Sébastien , Li Zhonglin , Abner Erik , Luan Jian’an , Manikpurage Hasanga D. , Houessou Ursula , Zamani Pardis , Briend Mewen ,   Estonian Biobank Research Team, Boudreau Dominique K. , Gaudreault Nathalie , Frenette Lily , Argaud Déborah , Dahmene Manel , Dagenais François , Clavel Marie-Annick , Pibarot Philippe , Arsenault Benoit J. , Boekholdt S. Matthijs , Wareham Nicholas J. , Esko Tõnu , Mathieu Patrick , Bossé Yohan
Published: March 2024

There is currently no medical therapy to prevent calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). Multi-omics approaches could lead to the identification of novel molecular targets. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis including 14,819 cases among 941,863 participants of European ancestry. We report 32 genomic loci, among which 20 are novel. RNA sequencing of 500 human aortic valves highlights an enrichment in expression regulation at these loci and prioritizes candidate causal genes. Homozygous genotype for a risk variant near TWIST1, a gene involved in endothelial-mesenchymal transition, has a profound impact on aortic valve transcriptomics. We identify five genes outside of GWAS loci by combining a transcriptome-wide association study, colocalization, and Mendelian randomization analyses. Using cross-phenotype and phenome-wide approaches, we highlight the role of circulating lipoproteins, blood pressure and inflammation in the disease process. Our findings pave the way for the development of novel therapies for CAVS.
Cryo-EM structures of type IV pili complexed with nanobodies reveal immune escape mechanisms
Authors: Fernandez-Martinez David , Kong Youxin , Goussard Sylvie , Zavala Agustin , Gastineau Pauline , Rey Martial , Ayme Gabriel , Chamot-Rooke Julia , Lafaye Pierre , Vos Matthijn , Mechaly Ariel , Duménil Guillaume
Published: March 2024

Type IV pili (T4P) are prevalent, polymeric surface structures in pathogenic bacteria, making them ideal targets for effective vaccines. However, bacteria have evolved efficient strategies to evade type IV pili-directed antibody responses. Neisseria meningitidis are prototypical type IV pili-expressing Gram-negative bacteria responsible for life threatening sepsis and meningitis. This species has evolved several genetic strategies to modify the surface of its type IV pili, changing pilin subunit amino acid sequence, nature of glycosylation and phosphoforms, but how these modifications affect antibody binding at the structural level is still unknown. Here, to explore this question, we determine cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of pili of different sequence types with sufficiently high resolution to visualize posttranslational modifications. We then generate nanobodies directed against type IV pili which alter pilus function in vitro and in vivo. Cryo-EM in combination with molecular dynamics simulation of the nanobody-pilus complexes reveals how the different types of pili surface modifications alter nanobody binding. Our findings shed light on the impressive complementarity between the different strategies used by bacteria to avoid antibody binding. Importantly, we also show that structural information can be used to make informed modifications in nanobodies as countermeasures to these immune evasion mechanisms.
Senescence drives immunotherapy resistance by inducing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
Authors: Maggiorani Damien , Le Oanh , Lisi Véronique , Landais Séverine , Moquin-Beaudry Gaël , Lavallée Vincent Philippe , Decaluwe Hélène , Beauséjour Christian
Published: March 2024

The potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may be limited in situations where immune cell fitness is impaired. Here, we show that the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies is compromised by the accumulation of senescent cells in mice and in the context of therapy-induced senescence (TIS). Resistance to immunotherapy is associated with a decrease in the accumulation and activation of CD8 T cells within tumors. Elimination of senescent cells restores immune homeostasis within the tumor micro-environment (TME) and increases mice survival in response to immunotherapy. Using single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we observe that the injection of ABT263 (Navitoclax) reverses the exacerbated immunosuppressive profile of myeloid cells in the TME. Elimination of these myeloid cells also restores CD8 T cell proliferation in vitro and abrogates immunotherapy resistance in vivo. Overall, our study suggests that the use of senolytic drugs before ICI may constitute a pharmacological approach to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies.
Phenol as proton shuttle and buffer for lithium-mediated ammonia electrosynthesis
Authors: Fu Xianbiao , Xu Aoni , Pedersen Jakob B. , Li Shaofeng , Sažinas Rokas , Zhou Yuanyuan , Andersen Suzanne Z. , Saccoccio Mattia , Deissler Niklas H. , Mygind Jon Bjarke Valbæk , Kibsgaard Jakob , Vesborg Peter C. K. , Nørskov Jens K. , Chorkendorff Ib
Published: March 2024

Ammonia is a crucial component in the production of fertilizers and various nitrogen-based compounds. Now, the lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction reaction (Li-NRR) has emerged as a promising approach for ammonia synthesis at ambient conditions. The proton shuttle plays a critical role in the proton transfer process during Li-NRR. However, the structure-activity relationship and design principles for effective proton shuttles have not yet been established in practical Li-NRR systems. Here, we propose a general procedure for verifying a true proton shuttle and established design principles for effective proton shuttles. We systematically evaluate several classes of proton shuttles in a continuous-flow reactor with hydrogen oxidation at the anode. Among the tested proton shuttles, phenol exhibits the highest Faradaic efficiency of 72 ± 3% towards ammonia, surpassing that of ethanol, which has been commonly used so far. Experimental investigations including operando isotope-labelled mass spectrometry proved the proton-shuttling capability of phenol. Further mass transport modeling sheds light on the mechanism.
The potential of urban irrigation for counteracting carbon-climate feedback
Authors: Li Peiyuan , Wang Zhi-Hua , Wang Chenghao
Published: March 2024

Global climate changes, especially the rise of global mean temperature due to the increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, can, in turn, result in higher anthropogenic and biogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This potentially leads to a positive loop of climate–carbon feedback in the Earth’s climate system, which calls for sustainable environmental strategies that can mitigate both heat and carbon emissions, such as urban greening. In this study, we investigate the impact of urban irrigation over green spaces on ambient temperatures and CO2 exchange across major cities in the contiguous United States. Our modeling results indicate that the carbon release from urban ecosystem respiration is reduced by evaporative cooling in humid climate, but promoted in arid/semi-arid regions due to increased soil moisture. The irrigation-induced environmental co-benefit in heat and carbon mitigation is, in general, positively correlated with urban greening fraction and has the potential to help counteract climate–carbon feedback in the built environment.
Predicting the optimal concentration of remifentanil for skull pin fixation with hemodynamic and analgesia nociception index monitoring
Authors: Kuo Yi-Wei , Chen Ying-Tzu , Lieu Ann-Shung , Lee Meei-Shyuan , Su Yu-Feng , Lai Hou-Chuan , Wu Zhi-Fu
Published: March 2024

Inadequate antinociception during skull pin fixation may cause hemodynamic instability in intracranial surgery. The optimal concentration of remifentanil to provide adequate antinociception and stable hemodynamics during skull pin fixation under analgesia nociception index monitoring is unknown. This study is to assess the 90% effective concentration of remifentanil for skull pin fixation under hemodynamic and analgesia nociception index monitoring. Twenty-six patients were enrolled for intracranial surgery, anesthesia was induced and maintained under total intravenous anesthesia using target-controlled infusion for remifentanil and propofol under analgesia nociception index and bispectral index monitoring. Skull pin fixation was performed at different effect-site concentrations of remifentanil required for Dixon's up-and-down method with a step size of 0.5 ng/ml under bispectral index 40–60. Inadequate antinociception is defined when either ANI < 30 or > 20% in hemodynamic changes from baseline (e.g. heart rate > 100 beats/min, or blood pressure > 180/100 mmHg) and the effect-site concentration of remifentanil is considered as failure. It is considered success as ANI > 30 and < 20% hemodynamic changes from baseline simultaneously. Seven pairs of failure/success were used for probit analysis. The 90% effective concentration of remifentanil for skull pin fixation with adequate antinociception and hemodynamic stability was 4.7 ng/ml.
Derivation of Dirac equation from the stochastic optimal control principles of quantum mechanics
Authors: Yordanov Vasil
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we present a stochastic approach to relativistic quantum mechanics. We formulate the three fundamental principles of this theory and derive the Dirac equations based on them. This approach enables us to bring more insight into the nature of Dirac’s spinors. Furthermore, we provide a physical interpretation of the stochastic optimal control theory of quantum mechanics.
Creation of a machine learning-based prognostic prediction model for various subtypes of laryngeal cancer
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Wenhui , Zhang Dongdong , Zeng Peiji , Wang Yue , Lei Min , Hong Yongjun , Cai Chengfu
Published: March 2024

Depending on the source of the blastophore, there are various subtypes of laryngeal cancer, each with a unique metastatic risk and prognosis. The forecasting of their prognosis is a pressing issue that needs to be resolved. This study comprised 5953 patients with glottic carcinoma and 4465 individuals with non-glottic type (supraglottic and subglottic). Five clinicopathological characteristics of glottic and non-glottic carcinoma were screened using univariate and multivariate regression for CoxPH (Cox proportional hazards); for other models, 10 (glottic) and 11 (non-glottic) clinicopathological characteristics were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, respectively; the corresponding survival models were established; and the best model was evaluated. We discovered that RSF (Random survival forest) was a superior model for both glottic and non-glottic carcinoma, with a projected concordance index (C-index) of 0.687 for glottic and 0.657 for non-glottic, respectively. The integrated Brier score (IBS) of their 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year time points is, respectively, 0.116, 0.182, 0.195 (glottic), and 0.130, 0.215, 0.220 (non-glottic), demonstrating the model's effective correction. We represented significant variables in a Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) plot. The two models are then combined to predict the prognosis for two distinct individuals, which has some effectiveness in predicting prognosis. For our investigation, we established separate models for glottic carcinoma and non-glottic carcinoma that were most effective at predicting survival. RSF is used to evaluate both glottic and non-glottic cancer, and it has a considerable impact on patient prognosis and risk factor prediction.
Metamorphic turnover at 2 Ga related to two-stage assembly of Columbia
Authors: Volante Silvia , Kirscher Uwe
Published: March 2024

Understanding the stabilization of cratons and how this is related to the onset of plate-tectonics is among the most important questions in geoscience. The assembly of Earth’s first supercontinent Columbia represents the first lines of evidence for a global subduction network, when the oldest, deep subduction-related rocks have been reported. We combine the low-, intermediate- and high-T/P global metamorphic record with the two-stage assembly of the Nuna-Columbia supercontinent to address the significance of the oldest “cold” rocks (low-T/P) and the related emergence of bimodal metamorphic belts. For this purpose, we analyse two examples from Laurentia (including Greenland) and Australia between 2.0–1.8 Ga and 1.8–1.6 Ga. Two main observations are: (i) a first-stage (2.0–1.8 Ga) amalgamation of the megacontinent Nuna (precursor to Columbia) is characterized by bimodal metamorphism along major mobile belts suturing the megacontinent’s center. In contrast, a second-stage (1.8–1.6 Ga) is dominated by the formation of soft collisional orogens during the final Columbia supercontinent assembly, recording intermediate- to high-T/P metamorphism; (ii) the metamorphic signature of the two assembly stages, featuring low- and intermediate-T/P rocks during Nuna assembly followed by their near absence during Columbia amalgamation, contrasts with the thermobaric ratios recorded by the Phanerozoic Gondwana-Pangea assembly, where intermediate and low-T/P rocks dominated the final stage of Pangea amalgamation. This discrepancy may signify substantial changes in intraplate metamorphism and minor rearrangements during Columbia assembly compared to major continent–continent collisions, such as the Appalachian-Variscan Orogen as well as production and fast exhumation of high- to ultra-high-pressure rocks during the assembly of the supercontinent Pangea. Furthermore, the variation of thermobaric ratios aligns with the concept of a two-stage mega-supercontinent formation, emphasizing differences between the potentially oldest and youngest supercontinent cycles.
Reduced influence of perceptual context in mild traumatic brain injury is not an illusion
Authors: Sidhu A. , Uiga L. , Langley B. , Masters R. S. W.
Published: March 2024

Perceptual grouping is impaired following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This may affect visual size perception, a process influenced by perceptual grouping abilities. We conducted two experiments to evaluate visual size perception in people with self-reported history of mTBI, using two different size-contrast illusions: the Ebbinghaus Illusion (Experiment 1) and the Müller-Lyer illusion (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, individuals with mTBI and healthy controls were asked to compare the size of two target circles that were either the same size or different sizes. The target circles appeared by themselves (no-context condition), or were surrounded by smaller or larger circles (context condition). Similar levels of accuracy were evident between the groups in the no-context condition. However, size judgements by mTBI participants were more accurate in the context condition, suggesting that they processed the target circles separately from the surrounding circles. In Experiment 2, individuals with mTBI and healthy controls judged the length of parallel lines that appeared with arrowheads (context condition) or without arrowheads (no context condition). Consistent with Experiment 1, size judgements by mTBI participants were more accurate than size judgements by control participants in the context condition. These findings suggest that mTBI influences size perception by impairing perceptual grouping of visual stimuli in near proximity.
Exact solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations via a fusion of classical methods and innovative approaches
Authors: Mhadhbi Noureddine , Gana Sameh , Alsaeedi Mazen Fawaz
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a new approach for finding exact solutions to certain classes of nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) by combining the variation of parameters method with classical techniques such as the method of characteristics. Our primary focus is on NLPDEs of the form $$u_{tt}+a(x,t)u_{xt}+b(t)u_{t}=\alpha (x,t)+ G(u)(u_{t}+a(x,t)u_{x})e^{-\int b(t)dt}$$

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We provide numerical validation through several examples to ensure accuracy and reliability. Our approach enhances the applicability of analytical solution methods for a broader range of NLPDEs.
Feasibility and clinical value of linear endoscopic ultrasonography imaging in the lower gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions
Authors: Tao Li , Chen Yajun , Fang Qianqian , Xu Fan , Yu Qianwei , Zhang Lijiu , Hu Xiangpeng
Published: March 2024

Linear endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has been extensively utilized as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic modality across various fields. However, there have been relatively few studies focusing on lower gastrointestinal lesions. The aim of our study was to investigate the feasibility, safety and clinical value of linear EUS in the lower gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions. This was a retrospective study involving patients with lower gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions diagnosed by linear EUS from August 2019 to April 2023 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. The data, including basic clinical information, linear EUS features, technical success rate, complications, and follow-up, were retrospectively collected and analyzed. A total of 69 patients with lower gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions underwent examination by linear EUS. Excluding the rectum, the technical success rate of linear EUS was 90.6% (29/32). Apart from the 7 patients whose diagnosis remained unknown, 3 patients with no abnormal EUS findings, and 3 patients failed the procedure, 56 patients were included in the final diagnostic performance analysis. The most common locations of the lesions were the rectum (37/56, 66.1%) and sigmoid colon (7/56, 12.5%). Based on endoscopy findings and pathological results, the most prevalent types of subepithelial lesions in the lower gastrointestinal tract were neuroendocrine tumor (NET) (12/56, 20.3%), lipoma (8/56, 13.6%) and extraluminal compression (8/56, 13.6%). The majority of lesions ranged in diameter from 1 to 3 cm (χ2 = 18.750, p < 0.001). After undergoing linear EUS examination, 36 patients received EUS-FNA (3/36), biopsy (5/36), endoscopic resection (25/36), or surgical excision (3/36) respectively. The pathological results of 29 patients were entirely consistent with the diagnosis made using linear EUS, with an 80.6% (29/36) diagnostic accuracy rate. Follow-up indicated that the lesions remained unchanged within 6–36 months. All patients tolerated the procedure well without any complications. In conclusion, linear EUS demonstrates technical feasibility, safety, and a high diagnostic accuracy for subepithelial lesions in the lower gastrointestinal tract.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis reduced the frequency of intradialytic hypotension
Authors: Saigan Makoto , Miyasaka Masaki , Nagasawa Tasuku , Taguri Masataka , Satomi Natsuko , Watahiki Manami , Nakashima Masaki , Enta Yusuke , Toki Yusuke , Munehisa Yoshiko , Ito Jun , Hayatsu Yukihiro , Tada Norio
Published: March 2024

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common complication during hemodialysis that increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aortic stenosis (AS) is a cause of IDH. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become an established treatment for patients with severe AS. However, whether TAVR reduce the frequency of IDH has not been investigated. This study aims to verify the efficacy of TAVR for reduction of the frequency of IDH. Consecutive hemodialysis patients who underwent TAVR at Sendai Kosei Hospital from February 2021 to November 2021 with available records 1 month before and 3 months after TAVR were included in the study. IDH was defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure by 20 mmHg or a decrease in the mean blood pressure by 10 mmHg associated with hypotensive symptoms or requiring intervention. Patients with ≥ 3 episodes of IDH in ten hemodialysis sessions comprised the IDH group. Overall, 18/41 (43.9%) patients were classified into the IDH group. In ten hemodialysis sessions, IDH events were observed 2.1, 4.3, and 0.4 times in the overall cohort, IDH group, and non-IDH group, respectively. After TAVR, the incidence of IDH decreased from 43.2 to 10.3% (p < 0.0001) and IDH improved significantly in 15 patients in the IDH group. The result suggested that severe AS was the major cause of IDH in this cohort, and TAVR may be an effective treatment option for reduction of the frequency of IDH in patients with severe AS.
Transcript-specific induction of stop codon readthrough using a CRISPR-dCas13 system
Authors: Manjunath Lekha E , Singh Anumeha , Devi Kumar Sangeetha , Vasu Kirtana , Kar Debaleena , Sellamuthu Karthi , Eswarappa Sandeep M
Published: March 2024

Stop codon readthrough (SCR) is the process where translation continues beyond a stop codon on an mRNA. Here, we describe a strategy to enhance or induce SCR in a transcript-selective manner using a CRISPR-dCas13 system. Using specific guide RNAs, we target dCas13 to the region downstream of canonical stop codons of mammalian AGO1 and VEGFA mRNAs, known to exhibit natural SCR. Readthrough assays reveal enhanced SCR of these mRNAs (both exogenous and endogenous) caused by the dCas13-gRNA complexes. This effect is associated with ribosomal pausing, which has been reported for several SCR events. Our data show that CRISPR-dCas13 can also induce SCR across premature termination codons (PTCs) in the mRNAs of green fluorescent protein and TP53. We demonstrate the utility of this strategy in the induction of readthrough across the thalassemia-causing PTC in HBB mRNA and hereditary spherocytosis-causing PTC in SPTA1 mRNA. Thus, CRISPR-dCas13 can be programmed to enhance or induce SCR in a transcript-selective and stop codon-specific manner.
Tuning the electronic structure of gold cluster-assembled materials by altering organophosphine ligands
Authors: Sikorska Celina , Vincent Emma , Schnepf Andreas , Gaston Nicola
Published: March 2024

Superatomic orbitals splitting and electronic structure tunability upon different organophosphine ligands insertion is demonstrated based on first-principles calculations.
Investigation of the effects on proton relaxation times upon encapsulation in a water-soluble synthetic receptor
Authors: Chaudhary Krishna N. , Brosnahan Kyra I. , Gibson-Elias Lucas J. , Moreno Jose L. , Hickey Briana L. , Hooley Richard J. , Caulkins Bethany G.
Published: March 2024

The T1 and T2 relaxation rates of different protons in small cyclic and polycyclic guests can be controlled by encapsulation in a water-soluble synthetic receptor.
Molecular vessels from preorganised natural building blocks
Authors: Llamosí Arturo , Szymański Marek P. , Szumna Agnieszka
Published: March 2024

Evolution of supramolecular vessels by combination of various scaffolds and natural building blocks is reviewed. These nanocontainers are crafted by covalent chemistry or self-assembly for applications in sensing, transport, and catalysis.
Probing laser-induced structural transformation of lignin into few-layer graphene
Authors: Zhang Hanwen , Li Qianwei , Hammond Karl D. , He Xiaoqing , Lin Jian , Wan Caixia
Published: March 2024

The combined experimental study and molecular dynamics simulations elucidate laser-induced structural transformation of lignin into few-layer graphene.
Graphene oxide films as a novel tool for the modulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity in the context of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Camacho-Toledano Celia , Machín-Díaz Isabel , Lebrón-Galán Rafael , González-Mayorga Ankor , Palomares Francisco J. , Serrano María C. , Clemente Diego
Published: March 2024

The biology of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) can be modified when grown on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films. A higher oxidation state and roughness of rGO deplete MDSC activity by impacting on cell viability.
Chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene and other nanomaterials with 3D architectures towards electrocatalysis and secondary battery-related applications
Authors: Peng You , Hu Jingyi , Huan Yahuan , Zhang Yanfeng
Published: March 2024

This review provides the recent progress, challenges, and future prospects for the CVD growth of graphene, TMDCs and their hybrids with 3D architectures, as well as their applications in the electrocatalytic HER and various secondary batteries.
Flexible self-supporting inorganic nanofiber membrane-reinforced solid-state electrolyte for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries
Authors: Liu Weicui , Deng Nanping , Chen Shuang , Zhao Yixia , Gao Lu , Ju Jingge , Zhao Chunfeng , Kang Weimin
Published: March 2024

The backbone effect of the 3D network structure in self-supporting Al2O3 nanofibrous membranes improves the mechanical properties of composite solid-state electrolytes, provides abundant Lewis acid sites and fast Li+ transport channels.
Fabric-based jamming phase diagram for frictional granular materials
Authors: Wen Yuxuan , Zhang Yida
Published: March 2024

Fabric-based jamming phase diagram, where Ft and Zt are the fabric anisotropy (deviatoric invariant of the 2nd order fabric tensor) and the coordination number (mean invariant of the 2nd order fabric tensor) of the total-contact network, respectively.
Electrochemical low valent cobalt-catalyzed addition of aryl and vinyl chlorides to α-ketoamides via C–Cl bond activation
Authors: Shinde Prashant S. , Shinde Valmik S. , Rueping Magnus
Published: March 2024

The development of an electrochemical cobalt catalyzed C–Cl bond activation at room temperature for the nucleophilic addition of aryl and vinyl chlorides to α-ketoamides and the extension to an enantioselective electrochemical reaction is described.
Additive-free N-methylation reaction synergistically catalyzed by Pt single atoms and clusters on α-MoC using methanol as a sustainable C1 source
Authors: Fan Shurui , Zhang Mingyuan , Jin Xiangxin , Gao Zirui , Xu Yao , Wang Maolin , Song Chuqiao , Song Houhong , Chen Xiangxiang , Ma Rulong , Yao Siyu , Gao Rui , Li Xiaonian , Lin Lili
Published: March 2024

The synergistic effect of Pt single atoms and Pt clusters in the Pt1+n/α-MoC catalyst plays a leading role in reductive N-methylation process, successfully realizing the green process by only using methanol as both hydrogen source and methylation reagents.
Combination of alkali treatment and Ag3PO4 loading effectively improves the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoflowers
Authors: Wang Xin , Yuan Shichang , Geng Mengyao , Sun Meiling , Zhang Junkai , Zhou Aiping , Yin Guangchao
Published: March 2024

Surface modification is employed to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoflowers. Their degradation rate can reach 90% for 3 mg L−1 RhB.
Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of Ru(p-cymene) complexes bearing pyrazolyl–pyridine type ligands
Authors: Mounica Arangasamy , Kumar Arumugam Madan , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Ganeshpandian Mani
Published: March 2024

The appended aromatic ring system of the Ru–bpy complex influences cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing activity and could be developed as a selective chemotherapeutic drug for breast cancer treatment.
Adsorption isotherms of enantiomers on a chiral open-framework copper borophosphate LiCu2[BP2O8(OH)2]
Authors: Uteeva Zhanna D. , Sadykov Raul U. , Bagdanova Diana O. , Agliullin Marat R. , Guskov Vladimir Yu.
Published: March 2024

The chiral recognition during adsorption in pores with only supramolecular (not molecular) chirality was shown for the first time on zeotype material copper borophosphate LiCu2[BP2O8(OH)2].
Bright near-infrared emission from the Au39(SR)29 nanocluster
Authors: Liu Zhongyu , Luo Lianshun , Kong Jie , Kahng Ellen , Zhou Meng , Jin Rongchao
Published: March 2024

A highly luminescent Au39(SR)29 nanocluster is obtained, with its emission at 915 nm and 19% quantum yield in solution and 32% in films at room temperature.
Refractive-index and density-matched emulsions with programmable DNA interactions
Authors: Chen Wenjun , Sixdenier Lucas , McMullen Angus , Grier David G. , Brujic Jasna
Published: March 2024

Transparent, fluorescent, and neutrally buoyant emulsions functionalized with programmable DNA interactions are synthesized as a model system for the study of designer gels and self-assembly.
Effects of Deep-Brain Stimulation on Speech: Perceptual and Acoustic Data
Authors: Kim Yunjung , Thompson Austin , Nip Ignatius S. B.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

This study examined speech changes induced by deep-brain stimulation (DBS) in speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD) using a set of auditory-perceptual and acoustic measures.

Method:

Speech recordings from nine speakers with PD and DBS were compared between DBS-On and DBS-Off conditions using auditory-perceptual and acoustic analyses. Auditory-perceptual ratings included voice quality, articulation precision, prosody, speech intelligibility, and listening effort obtained from 44 listeners. Acoustic measures were made for voicing proportion, second formant frequency slope, vowel dispersion, articulation rate, and range of fundamental frequency and intensity.

Results:

No significant changes were found between DBS-On and DBS-Off for the five perceptual ratings. Four of six acoustic measures revealed significant differences between the two conditions. While articulation rate and acoustic vowel dispersion increased, voicing proportion and intensity range decreased from the DBS-Off to DBS-On condition. However, a visual examination of the data indicated that the statistical significance was mostly driven by a small number of participants, while the majority did not show a consistent pattern of such changes.

Conclusions:

Our data, in general, indicate no-to-minimal changes in speech production ensued from DBS stimulation. The findings are discussed with a focus on large interspeaker variability in PD in terms of their speech characteristics and the potential effects of DBS on speech.
Equivalent converter method for analyzing complex DC–DC converting systems
Authors: Orel Moshe Sagi , Berkovich Yefim
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces a new approach for analyzing the dynamics of DC–DC converters. Currently, the primary widely accepted method for examining dynamic processes is the Small Signal Analysis technique. However, when applied to modern complex converters, this method poses additional challenges in formulating and solving systems of differential equations. The method proposed in this paper is based on its application to the analysis of dynamic modes of energy functions—Lagrangians. These functions make it possible to define simple criteria to describe the course of dynamic processes, and in the end define an equivalent (approximating) conventional converter identical to the original one with respect to the course of dynamics. If the magnetic and electrical energies in the Lagrangians of both the converters are equal, the outcome is practically identical transient processes. These findings were confirmed by both theoretical analysis and experimentally modelling the dynamics of the initial converter and an equivalent to it in the Matlab–Simscape program. An additional possibility of using the transfer functions of a conventional boost converter for the theoretical analysis of the converters of much greater orders is also discussed. The authors’ experiments confirm the correctness of their theoretical conclusions.
Development of a wearable surface enhanced Raman scattering sensor chip based on silver nanowires for rapid detection of urea, lactate and pH in sweat
Authors: D’Andrea Cristiano , Banchelli Martina , Amicucci Chiara , Polykretis Panagis , Micheletti Filippo , de Angelis Marella , Hwang Byungil , Matteini Paolo
Published: March 2024

A wearable sweat sensor chip based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is here presented. The plasmonic core of the chip, obtained by deposition of silver nanowires on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) porous membrane, permits the direct and label-free detection of urea and lactate at physiologic concentrations in combination with the pH measurement in the range between 5 and 9. Once integrated with commercial biocompatible and adhesive tape layers, the as produced SERS-active chip provides a low-cost, flexible and wearable sensing device for rapid and reliable human sweat analysis. The chip was finally tested on real sweat samples to estimate lactate and urea during medium-intense exertions.
Mechanical characterization of bamboo and glass fiber hybrid composite material
Authors: Praveen Kumar Katla , Sridhar Bheemanaathy , Ramakrishna Ch. , Hemanth M. , Shiva Shankar chary V. , Jyothi V. , Kumar Manish
Published: March 2024

Natural fibers are appealing due to its inexpensive price, small weight, and high specific modulus, renewable nature, as well as biodegradability. Bamboo fibers is one of the most promising natural fibers (along with jute, sisal, bamboo, coir, banana, and others) owing to its low cost, light weight, quick growing cycle, and wide availability. The goal of this paper is to look into fibers orientation reinforced hybrid polymer nano composites that combine BAMBOO/E-GLASS and epoxy polymer in the ratios of E-glass fibre80 percent +bamboo 20 percent, E-glass Fibre70 percent +bamboo 30 percent, and E-glass Fibre60 percent +bamboo 40 percent of volume. The mechanical characteristics will be calculated by performing tests on the specimen's tension, hardness, and flexural qualities in line with ASTM standards. Finally, the values are verified when the testing results have been obtained.
Active flutter suppression for an aircraft wing structure by utilizing FE analysis for Al7075+Sic alloy
Authors: sekhar Chinta , Suresh Pumeric math , Vijetha Dev Padma , Gupta Gaurav
Published: March 2024

An instable stimulated vibration resulting from the combination of aerodynamic, inertia, and aeroelastic forces is known as "active flutter" in the context of aircraft wing structures. The primary destabilizing element that the airplane structures display and which causes active flutter is limit cycle oscillation. Ultimately, it results in fatiguerelated harm and catastrophic aircraft mishaps. Two modern techniques, namely enhanced aero-elastic analysis and flutter control for wings and panel structures, are established by means of these developing technologies. comparable stiffness values and comparable stresses are assessed, together with theoretical and practical approaches, to enhance the features of aero-elastic analysis of aircraft structures. Additionally, it makes reducing flutter mandatory in order to enhance aero-elastic stability. Using Ansys software, a thorough FE analysis is carried out to improve and analyze the benefits of Al7075+ SiC alloy aircraft wing structure. With the aid of Ansys software, a thorough FE study is carried out to enhance their aeroelastic stability and to offer recommendations for the design of revised wings and panel structures. For the chosen NACA4412 aircraft wing, modal analysis is carried out, and frequencies are assessed. The advantages of AL7075+ SiC alloy material will be examined with equal stress, equivalent strain, and equivalent stiffness.
Exploration of the mechanical characteristics of al7075 metal matrix composite enhanced with fe3o4 and pksa
Authors: Seshappa Angadi , Raj Konka Prudhvi , Subbaratnam Bhavanasi , Ashok Kumar Madupoju , Priya Indu , Rozhdestvenskiy Oleg Igorevich
Published: March 2024

This research primarily focuses on Aluminum hybrid compounds that have extensive applications throughout every realm of manufacturing. Hybrid metal Matrix Composites possess greatly improved physical properties and find extensive utilization across several sectors, including vehicle components and even aviation. The investigation entails using aluminum (Al-7075) as the foundational component and then incorporating iron oxide and PKSA in weight ratios of 3%, 6%, and 9% to fabricate a strengthened Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite. A manufacturing stir-casting technique is being utilized for the fabrication of such compounds. Stirred molding technology is selected because of its advantages, including a very straightforward manufacturing process, cost efficiency, and reliable distribution of reinforcement particles. The inclusion of overall reinforcement grain Fe3O4/PKSA is essential to defining technical composite qualities. The current examination indicated enhancements in physical properties, including elasticity, compression, as well as toughness strength. A longitudinal value at a 9% wt. strengthened Fe3O4/PKSA is found to be the highest at 342 MPa, while the yield strength is measured at 248 MPa, as equated to a standard Al-7075 alloy. Furthermore, the recently manufactured Al-7075/ Fe3O4/PKSA HMMC were subjected to microstructural examinations using SEM and EDS methodologies. The investigations demonstrated a uniform and homogeneous dispersion of Fe3O4/PKSA reinforcement particulates inside the mixture matrix.
Investigating the mechanical properties of al7075 metal matrix composite with improved performance through the incorporation of fe3o4 and RHS
Authors: Seshappa Angadi , Maheshbabu Pidaparthy , Subbaratnam Bhavanasi , Naresh Kumar Sarella , Sravanthi Jajimoggala , Singh Navdeep
Published: March 2024

Heavily employed in engineering, Metal Matrix Composites are the primary focus of this research. Metal Matrix Composites have much improved mechanical properties and find extensive use across several sectors, including automotive and aerospace. The experiment entails using aluminium (Al7075) as the base material and incorporating iron oxide and RHS in weight ratios of 3%, 6%, and 9% to fabricate a strengthened Metal Matrix Composite. The stir-casting technique is used for the fabrication of these composites. The stir casting technology is selected because to its advantages, including its straightforward manufacturing process, cost efficiency, and reliable distribution of reinforced particles. The Fe3O4 reinforcing particle and RHS have a significant impact on the engineering material properties. The examination revealed enhancements in mechanical properties, including tensile, compression, and hardness strengths. The tensile strength of the 9% wt. reinforced Fe3O4 and RHS is found to be the highest at 362 MPa, while the yield strength is measured at 262 MPa, when compared to the original Al- 7075 alloy. Furthermore, the recently manufactured Al7075/Fe3O4 and RHS Metal Matrix Composite were subjected to microstructural examinations using SEM and EDS methodologies. The investigations demonstrated a uniform and homogeneous dispersion of Fe3O4and RHS reinforced particles inside the composite material.
Analysis on mechanism of material removal rate and surface flow machining process
Authors: Kondala Rao Peram , Ranga Janardhana G.
Published: March 2024

A novel finishing technique called abrasive flow machining (AFM) uses abrasive particles as the instrument for material removal. The term "self-deformable stone" refers to the abrasive particle-containing carrier medium, and AFM is commonly known as "no-tool" precision finishing procedure. AFM involves passing a semi-solid polymer-based medium through the work piece at a specific pressure while adding abrasive particles in a specific amount. The three main parts of the AFM are the machine, the medium, and the tooling or fixture. The machine is made up of a media cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, control system, and frame structure. A typical AFM method uses extrusion pressures ranging from 15 bars to 110–210 bars. Tooling and fixtures serve the purpose of positioning the workpiece and giving instructions to the media as they go over the finished product. A carrier, some additives, and an abrasive powder make up the medium. Since the finite volume approach deals with fluid flow, it can be used to represent the flow of media. For the modelling and simulation in this work, the ANSYS 15 software package's FLUID FLOW FLUENT was utilised. Together with the fixtures, 2D model of a cylindrical workpiece and 3D model of 4 rotating dies have been created. Using the available experimental data, the two models have been validated. For varying volume fractions and media speeds, the most influential flow output characteristics, such as velocity, strain rate, and dynamic pressure have all been examined. The granular and non-granular flows were both simulated using the 3D model. The impact of various abrasive particles with varying volume fraction and diameter on the Skin friction coefficient and granular pressure, two flow output characteristics that have been researched. The outputs' flow analysis provides a forecast for the effectiveness of material removal.
From Burnout to Balance: A Sustainability-Oriented Survey on Job Stress and Work-Life Integration
Authors: Bhattaru Sarathsimha , Kokkonda SrinivasaRao , Challa Raju
Published: March 2024

Job stress causes increased absenteeism, which is a physical and emotional response to the work load. Employee presenteeism can be beneficial, yet it can also lead to a lack of productivity. Organisations must develop initiatives to promote employee well-being and manage job stress. Addressing job stress benefits both companies and individuals. Work-Life Balance (WLB) refers to the necessity for an employee to maintain a balance between work and personal life. Employee is able to prioritize both family and professional needs equally. Employee well-being and work-life balance are addressed through flexible working arrangements. Work-life balance is challenging to achieve in our daily lives; individuals should prioritize professional development, organizational progress, and job happiness. Conflicts at work and in the family emerge when work-life balance is not maintained, and individual progress is impeded. The current study's goal is to discover and suggest elements that contribute to job stress/strain among employees. Strategies to improve employee well-being and reduce stress. The study used the questionnaire method. A questionnaire with well-developed scales that covers all of the study's dimensions, including 9 items for job stress, 8 items for work-life balance, 6 items for work-family conflicts, and 4 items for family-work conflicts. Surveys and questionnaires make use of the convenience sampling technique. The questionnaire has 27 items and uses a 5-point LIKERT SCALE. The researcher can make a few recommendations. Employees that lack work expertise, have excessive job demands, or are unable to perform their duties experience work stress. •Organizations must address staff stress initiatives. A structured questionnaire is utilized to collect data from 220 employees for the study. Job stress reduces productivity and happiness while also causing a loss of physical and emotional equilibrium. Increased job strain causes excessive absenteeism and makes it difficult to concentrate at work. Tight deadlines and a high workload cause strain.
The Role of Technological Innovation in Online Trading Platforms: A Case Study of ANGEL Broking's Sustainable Practices and Investor Satisfaction
Authors: Radha Kumari D. , Godugu Ankitha , Ganesh Lalisetty , Khandekar Apurva , Sharma Vishal
Published: March 2024

As online trading continues to reshape the landscape of financial markets, the role of technological innovation becomes paramount in influencing investor satisfaction and fostering sustainability. This research presents a comprehensive case study that examines the intricate relationship between technological innovation, sustainable practices, and investor satisfaction within the context of AGEL Broking, a prominent player in the online brokerage industry. The study begins by reviewing the existing literature on the impact of technology on financial markets and investor behavior, emphasizing the growing importance of sustainable practices in contemporary financial services. It then transitions to a detailed analysis of AGEL Broking's technological innovations, exploring how the brokerage leverages cutting-edge technologies to enhance its online trading platform. Central to this investigation is the evaluation of AGEL Broking's commitment to sustainability, encompassing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations. The case study scrutinizes the integration of sustainability principles into the technological infrastructure of the online trading platform and assesses how these practices resonate with investors seeking ethically aligned investment opportunities. To measure investor satisfaction, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods is employed, including surveys, interviews, and analysis of trading data.
Prevention Of Train Collision Using GPS Based Tracking System
Authors: Narsaiah M.N. , Nikhil Reddy Sudugu , Kavya Eppalapalli , Pavani Uppu , Shivasai Badha , Lavanya C. , Kaur Namita
Published: March 2024

The Web of Things (IoT) has numerous openings to unravel issues in standard of living. accidents are demonstrating lethal and will proceed to extend. The security of prepare travelers is considered the foremost vital thing. Programmed crisis discovery has different sensors that actuate the microcontroller when an crisis is identified. When an crisis is identified, the framework employments the Bluetooth module to send an crisis notice to the prepare driver's versatile phone and naturally sends the Worldwide Situating Framework (GPS) area of the driver's mobile phone by means of Brief Message Benefit (SMS). crisis contacts. The created alarms are too overhauled within the framework recipient module utilizing the real-time cloud-based database and open alarms. The crisis direct on the passenger's crisis side is utilized to report crises to crisis responders, which may incorporate police, fire and therapeutic work force. The thought is to utilize IoT to decrease the reaction time of crisis groups.