bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What determines the success of rural water supply schemes? Insights from an assessment in Maharashtra
Authors: Kabir Yusuf , Ghodke Anand , Kumar Saurabh
Published: November 2022

The article discusses a statistical model to explain the varying performance of water supply schemes under different physical environments in the state of Maharashtra in India, characterized by high spatial and temporal variability in rainfall and climate, and heterogeneity in geological and geomorphological conditions. The factors that enhance the performance of the schemes are effective utilizable recharge rates, extent of surface irrigation, and aquifer storage space. The factors that adversely affect the performance are the extent of the population covered by groundwater-based schemes and irrigation water demand per unit area. Subsequently, the districts in Maharashtra where groundwater-based schemes are likely to succeed were identified. The article also explains the practical and policy relevance of the model results for rural water supply planning.
TOXICOLOGY ISSUES OF LUNAR DUST EFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Barantseva M.Yu. , Mukhamedieva L.N. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Ozerov D.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Pakhomova A.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Lashukov P.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Grabeklis I.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: November 2022

Long-term lunar missions will require a toxicological and hygienic assessment of the biological impact of lunar dust on humans, as one of the main factors limiting the duration of human stay on the lunar surface. This review summarizes the results of scientific research aimed at studying the acute and chronic effects of lunar dust and its imitators when inhaled and intratracheally administered to animals. The analysis of the biological activity of the particles after their penetration into the respiratory tract and lung tissue was carried out. Based on the modern understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, a hypothesis was formulated for the development of toxic damage to the lungs when exposed to lunar dust: mechanical damage to the alveolar epithelium by dust particles, increased microvascular permeability, local and systemic autoimmune inflammatory reactions, activation of cytokine regulation of the inflammatory and fibroplastic process in the lungs and heart.
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF MEDICAL SELECTING CANDIDATES FOR COSMONAUTS IN 2019–2020
Authors:   Gagarin Research and Test Cosmonaut Training Center, Star City, Moscow region, Savin S.N. , Voitulevich L.V. ,   Gagarin Research and Test Cosmonaut Training Center, Star City, Moscow region, Grishin A.P. ,   Gagarin Research and Test Cosmonaut Training Center, Star City, Moscow region, Kireev K.S. ,   Gagarin Research and Test Cosmonaut Training Center, Star City, Moscow region
Published: November 2022

The paper is devoted to analysis of candidates selection that started with review of submitted medical information and continued on applicants' arrival for examinations for the selection campaign of 2019–2020, discussion of routine medical tests and procedures, primary causes for selecting-out, and view on how to optimize the process in future.
POSSIBILITIES TO STUDY FORCE AND ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CARDIAC MUSCLE IN MICROGRAVITY USING BALLISTOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Luchitskaya E.S. , Funtova I.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: November 2022

The paper is concerned with measuring force and energy of the cardiac muscle contraction in microgravity using spatial ballistocardiography (Cardiovector). The investigations were performed with participation of cosmonauts twice prior to launch, once a month during a mission, and on recovery days 3/4 and 7/8. Absence of significant changes in contraction force and energy reduction in space can be explained by the effort economy. Mission extension does not lead to energy reduction to levels that would suggest the development of energy deficit.
STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE DORSAL VAGAL COMPLEX AFTER ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO GRAVITATIONAL OVERLOAD
Authors:   Branch «Sanatorium Zvenigorodsky» FSBIHRC «Podmoskovye», Zvenigorod, Moscow region, Sukhoterin A.F. , Paschenko P.S. ,   Kirov Military Medical Academy, St.-Petersburg, Shapovalov P.А. ,   Kirov Military Medical Academy, St.-Petersburg
Published: November 2022

The paper discusses structural transformation in nervous centers within the dorsal vagal complex after exposure to g-loads along the craniocaudal vector on a centrifuge with a 1.5 m long arm. Object of the experiment was white outbread male rats. Methods of investigations included light and electron microscopy, morphometry and statistical analysis. Exposure to the g-loads caused predominantly reactive changes in interneuron synapses, neurons and nervous fibers. The systematic consequence of the exposure boils down to cumulation of destructive transformations, i.e. interneuron desintegration and hemomicrocirculation disorders that may lead to disorders in autonomic regulation.
Helical structure of polypeptides from the c-terminal half of hiv-1 vpr
Authors: Yao Shenggen , Azad Ahmed A. , Macreadie Ian G. , Norton Raymond S.
Published: November 2022

HIV-I viral protein R (Vpr), is a 96-residue protein with a number of functions, some of which have been localised to distinct domains in the sequence. This paper describes the solution conformation, determined by NMR, of synthetic peptides encompassing a putative transmembrane helical domain of Vpr associated with formation of cation-selective channels in lipid bilayers. Peptides Vpr50•75 (residues 50-75 of Vpr) and Vpr50"82
both formed a-helices, encompassing residues 53-74 and 53-78, respectively. Thus, Vpr can form a helix long enough to traverse a biological membrane. The helix has some similarities to bee venom melittin, which can also form ion channels.
A Proposed Model for The Late-Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (Batten Disease) Protein Cln2
Authors: Wallace B.A. , Orry Andrew
Published: November 2022

The CLN2 protein, associated with late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease), appears to be a classical anchored (one transmembrane segment) membrane protein. A model is proposed for its structure in membranes, and how it may function as a proteinase to aid in the maturation of subunit c of the mitochondrial ATP complex. Its role is contrasted with that of the CLN3 protein, which is involved in the juvenile form of the disease.
Jack Bean Seed Coat Contains a Protein with Complete Sequence Homology to Bovine Insulin
Authors: Oliveira Antonia Elenir A. , Machado Olga L. T. , Gomes Valdirene M. , Netot Jose Xavier , Pereirat Alexandre C. , Vieira H Jose Gilberto H. , Fernandes Katia V. S. , Xavier-Filho Jose
Published: November 2022

The present study reports that a protein with complete sequence homology to bovine insulin is present in Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) seed coats. This protein was recognized by anti-human insulin antibodies and lowered blood glucose levels of alloxanized mice, indicating that it possesses biological potency. Our results suggest that insulin-like activities previously found in diverse plant tissues may be indeed due to insulin and indicate that insulin-dependent signaling pathways have been remarkably conserved during evolution.
Primary Structure and Kinetic Interaction with Glycoproteins of The Lectin From Seeds of Cratylia Flor/Bunda
Authors: S. Cavada Benildo , AP. Nogueira Nadia , FariasI Creuza M.SA , Grangeiro Thalles B. , Ramos Marcia V , Thole Hubert H. , Raida Manfred , Rouge Pierre , Calvete Juan J
Published: November 2022

The complete 236-amino-acid sequence of the glucose/mannose specific lectin from seeds of Cratylia floribunda (CFL) was determined by automated Edman sequencing of overlapping proteolytic peptides purified by HPLC after digestion of the lectin with endoproteinases Lys-C, Asp-N, trypsin and chymotrypsin. Mass spectrometry confirmed the sequence analysis and showed that CFL consists of a mixture of full length, single­ chain polypeptide (a-chain.-25397 ± 3 Da) and its• noncovalently associated p (residues 1-11 , 12847 ± 2 Da)
and y (residues 119-236, 12568 ± 1 Da) fragments. The primary structure of Cratylia floribunda lectin has extensive amino acid sequence homology with those of lectins from species of the taxonomically related genera Canavalia and Dioclea. However, using surface plasmon resonance, CFL and ConA, the seed lectin from Canavalia ensiformis, displayed distinct kinetic interactions with glycoproteins, indicating structural differences in their extended glycan binding-sites.
Enzymatic Degradation of Nociceptin Studied by LC-MS
Authors: J. Silherring , M.T. Smoluch , P. Suder , J. Kotlinska , M. Sallberg
Published: November 2022

The fate of nociceptin was investigated, using size exclusion chromatography linked to the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Heptadecapeptide was processed to the major metabolites: nociceptin (1-11) and (1-6). The strategy described here and involving LC-MS using a size-exclusion chromatography is convenient and rapid and minimizes identification problems often connected to the analysis of complex mixtures.
Purification and Crystallization of a Protoca TechuaTe 4,5-Dioxygenase Sphingomonas Paucimobilis SYK-6.
Authors: Mitsui Yukio , Sugimoto Keisuke , Aoshima Hisae , Senda Toshiya , Masai Eiji , Fukuda Masao
Published: November 2022

A protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase from Sphingomonas paucimobilis'SYK.-6 has been crystallized by hanging drop vapor-diffusion method. The crystals were grown from a solution containing ammonium sulfate
and Tris-HCI. The crystals belonged to the monoclinic system with a space group n and unit-cell dimensions
of a=65.4, b=66.5, c=l l9.8A and.,6=92.5°. The crystals diffract to at least 2.2A resolution.
The Roles of Natural Alkaloids and Polyphenols in Lipid Metabolism:
Therapeutic Implications and Potential Targets in Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Ma Zeqiang , Wang Shengnan , Miao Weiwei , Zhang Zhiwang , Yu Lin , Liu Siqi , Luo Zupeng , Liang Huanjie , Yu Jingsu , Huang Tengda , Li Mingming , Gao Jiayi , Su Songtao , Li Yixing , Zhou Lei
Published: November 2022

The prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases has increased dramatically,
and they are major threats to human health worldwide. A variety of approaches, such
as physical training and drug therapy, can be used to reduce weight and reverse associated
diseases; however, the efficacy and the prognosis are often unsatisfactory. It has been
reported that natural food-based small molecules can prevent obesity and its associated
diseases. Among them, alkaloids and polyphenols have been demonstrated to regulate
lipid metabolism by enhancing energy metabolism, promoting lipid phagocytosis, inhibiting
adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, and enhancing the intestinal microbial
community to alleviate obesity. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms and
metabolic pathways of these natural small molecules and reveals that the binding targets
of most of these molecules are still undefined, which limits the study of their regulatory
mechanisms and prevents their further application. In this review, we describe the use of
Discovery Studio for the reverse docking of related small molecules and provide new insights
for target protein prediction, scaffold hopping, and mechanistic studies in the future.
These studies will provide a theoretical basis for the modernization of anti-obesity
drugs and promote the discovery of novel drugs.
Protein Informatics and Vaccine Development: Cancer Case Study
Authors: Verma Saroj , Masand Neeraj , Cheke Rameshwar S. , Patil Vaishali M.
Published: November 2022

Clinical translation is a challenging step in the development of cancer vaccines and is found to be related to the complex nature of cancer immunology. Vaccine-based therapeutic strategies for cancer have gained consideration with the advent of vaccine technology as well as an understanding of cancer immunology. Immunotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of cancer. Some promising candidates have been identified to engineer cancer vaccines like Glycoprotein, Mucin 1, MHC protein, etc. It has benefited from the availability of advanced techniques for rapid identification and selection of proteins for precision engineering. Simultaneously, nanovaccines have been focused on target delivery and artificial intelligence-based approaches for personalized vaccine development. The manuscript summarizes the advances in the development of structure-based cancer vaccines along with the status of clinical studies and applications.
Folic Acid Promoted the Coupling Reaction of Epoxides and CO2
Authors: Chai Mengliang , Wu Fengtian , Wu Ling
Published: November 2022

The process of hydrogen bond donor accelerating the cycloaddition of epoxides with CO2
is green access to high economic value cyclocarbonate derivatives. However, hydrogen bond donor
still has certain limitations such as poor biocompatibility and narrow substrate scope. Our group found
that folic acid could promote the coupling reaction of epoxides and CO2 through hydrogen-bonding.
The reaction was used to synthesize various cyclocarbonate derivatives in good to high yields with the
aid of folic acid and TBAB. In addition, benzoic acids and 2,4-quinazoline dione were synthesized in
the presence of CuCl2/folic acid and PdCl2/folic acid, respectively. The reaction mechanism was proposed
based on previous reports and control experiments.
Syringin as TGF-βR1, HER2, EGFR, FGFR4 Kinase, and MMP-2
Inhibitor and Potential Cytotoxic Agent against ER+ Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Vasquez Ross D. , Aventurado Charlaine A. , Castillo Agnes L.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Breast cancer is currently the most diagnosed cancer worldwide. Neoplastic
cells and components of the tumor microenvironment trigger enzymes and receptors to facilitate
cancer advancement. Syringin, a natural phenylpropanoid glycoside, has been reported to
possess anti-cancer activity and affinity with numerous druggable targets of breast carcinoma.

Objectives:

This work aims to evaluate the effects of syringin on the growth of breast cancer cells
(MCF-7) and normal dermal fibroblast cells (HDFn) and its ability to inhibit the protein targets of
breast cancer.

Methods:

Syringin was investigated on cell lines in vitro via MTT assay. Using non-cell-based activity
assay kits, its influence on the activity of transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 1
(TGF-βR1), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)
was evaluated.

Results:

Syringin exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells (IC50: 32.11 μM for 24
hours and 21.35 μM for 48 hours) and was non-toxic on healthy HDFn cells (IC50: >100 μM for 24
and 48 hours). It significantly suppressed the activity of cancer and angiogenesis regulating enzymes
in vitro with commendable IC50 values on TGF-βR1 kinase (IC50: 6.48 μM), HER2 kinase
(IC50: 7.18 μM), EGFR kinase (IC50: 12.38 μM), FGFR4 kinase (IC50: 16.03 μM), and MMP-2
(IC50: 16.07 μM).

Conclusion:

Findings showed the selective toxicity of syringin on breast cancer cells and its potential
against pro-angiogenic enzymes. These discoveries strongly indicate the significance and
therapeutic potential of syringin in targeted cancer therapy.
Research and Patents Status of Selected Phytochemicals Against Cancer:
How Close and How Far?
Authors: Fatma Homa , Siddique Hifzur R
Published: November 2022

Background:

Cancer is a global health issue and economic burden with a continuous
increase in incidence and mortality. Over the years, the underlying molecular mechanism of cancers
was thoroughly researched, leading to multiple drugs' development. Unfortunately, most
drugs have some serious drawbacks, such as therapy resistance and toxicity. Epidemiological studies
have shown that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables has cancer prevention properties, which
shifted the attention to the potential role of phytochemicals in anti-carcinogenic activity.

Objective:

To review the present status of phytochemicals research and patents in cancer prevention
and chemosensitization.

Methods:

We explored the relevant published articles and patents to review the phytochemicals
showing cancer preventive role in preclinical settings from 1997 onwards.

Results:

We summarise the role of phytochemicals on anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative,
anti-metastatic, and pro-apoptotic activities in both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, phytochemicals
might be an excellent chemosensitizing agent against chemoresistant cells and possibly
one of the safest and most effective options for cancer therapy. However, one of the limitations of
phytochemicals is their poor bioavailability and rapid excretion. Several analogs have been introduced
to increase bioavailability, better biological efficacy, absorption, and retention. In fact, various
phytochemicals and their analogs have been patented for their anti-cancerous properties.

Conclusion:

This mini-review discusses various phytochemicals and their anti-cancerous and
chemosensitizing roles. Due to their clinical relevance, recent trends in phytochemical extraction
and exploration have shown that more and more phytochemicals are being patented.
Natural Bioactive Compounds against Oxidative Stress: Dietary Polyphenols
Strike Back
Authors: Arrigoni Roberto , Cammarota Francesco , Porro Rosa , Cantore Stefania , Dioguardi Mario , Cazzolla Angela Pia , De Leonardis Francesco , Polimeno Lorenzo , Zerman Nicoletta , Di Cosola Michele , Mastrangelo Filiberto , Santacroce Luigi , Ballini Andrea
Published: November 2022

Oxidative stress is a major cellular and metabolic burden that can really alter cell life
and become the base for disease onset and development. Many widespread pathologies can develop
from an unresolved oxidative stress situation; thus, addressing this state is paramount for
human health. Our antioxidant enzymes sometimes are not just enough. Fortifying our defense
and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory system can make a difference in our health: if this is
attainable with our dietary habits, it could be a dream come true. Polyphenols are a fantastic tool
indeed in the fight against oxidative stress: they are easy to obtain, with little cost, no side effects,
and have a multitude of metabolic actions. This perspective review would shed light on polyphenol’s
metabolic and molecular action regarding oxidative stress to help preserve our health.
Information Consumption During Covid – 19
Authors: Alomiry Helial
Published: November 2022

Background:

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic in March 2020, only two months after its discovery in Wuhan. This pervasiveness and the epidemic's detrimental effects have seen verified and unverified information avalanche which attempted to help prevent, control and define the disease.

Objectives:

The study focused on three objectives. First, it determines how consumption of information relating to coronavirus occurred, focusing on the type and nature of the information utilized and its rationale. Second, it examines the impact of information consumption on preventive practices. Third, it evaluates the effect of gender and age on the consumption of information relating to coronavirus.

Methods:

The study adopted a cross-sectional online survey based on quantitative methods. The study included 400 participants from various regions of the world. The data were then subjected to analysis using SPSS.

Results:

The research analysis has been shaped by Pearson’s Correlation, Coefficient, Percentage, and Frequency which have been used to derive the information consumption rate during the pandemic.

Conclusion:

Information consumption was influenced by variables such as age and gender. The participants below the age of 40 years used social media as the source of information.

Participants above the age of 40 years favored legacy media like print and television. The study also evaluated the use of the information and found that most people sought the information to come up with preventive measures to protect them against the disease.
Locust Bean Gum: Processing, Properties and Food Applications
Authors: Singh Arun Kumar , Malviya Rishabha , Rao Gudhanti Siva Naga Koteswara
Published: November 2022

Locust bean gum is derived from the seed endosperm of the Ceratonia siliqua carob tree and is known as locust bean or carob gum. Food, medicines, paper, textile, oil drilling, and cosmetic sectors all use it as an ingredient. Hydrogen bonding with water molecules makes locust bean gum useful in industrial settings. In addition, its dietary fibre activity helps regulate numerous health issues, including diabetes, bowel motions, heart disease and colon cancer. Locust bean gum production, processing, composition, characteristics, culinary applications, and health advantages are the subject of this article.
Level of perceived stress and coping styles through positive mental health among nursing students in Hail, Saudi Arabia
Authors:   College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia, Albaqawi Hamdan , Albagawi Bander , Butcon Vincent , Alsaqri Salman , Pangket Petelyne
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the level of stress and the coping style through positive mental health status among student nurses. Further, it aimed to look into the relationship between the level of stress and positive mental health. The study was conducted at the University of Hail, College of Nursing using the descriptive cross-sectional approach. Data was gathered in three months from November to January 2020 through a self-administered questionnaire. There were 175 student nurses who participated in the study as a result of simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic characteristics of the nursing students, perceived stress, and positive mental health. T-test was used to determine differences in age, gender, marital status, and academic program while one-way ANOVA was used at an academic level. Pearson’s product moment of correlation was used to establish a relationship between perceived stress and positive mental health. Results revealed a moderate level of stress (Mean=24; SD=5.83) and a restrained Positive mental health status (Mean=103 SD=11.78) among the student nurses. Gender (p=.017) showed significance in terms of positive mental health status. There is no significant relationship (p=0.987) between Positive Mental Health and Perceived Stress among the nursing students in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Saudi nursing students experienced moderate to high levels of stress and a moderate level of positive mental health. Gender is significant in positive mental health. As no correlation was deemed between perceived stress and positive mental health, enhancement of coping strategies is recommended to train student nurses to handle stress and promote positive mental health.
Temperature evolution of the interaction of relaxation processes with local dynamics at terahertz frequencies in polimers with hydrogen bonds
Authors: Ryzhov V. A.
Published: November 2022

At terahertz frequencies, the torsional-vibrational motion is associated with dielectric relaxation in disordered solids with hydrogen bonds. The interaction between these processes is still poorly understood, especially at temperatures below the glass transition temperature, which is especially important for molecular mobility in polymers. We have studied polymers with hydrogen bonds (polyamide-6 and polyvinyl chloride) at temperatures from 90 to 400 K in the range 0.25-4 THz using far-infrared spectroscopy. Three general features were observed in the spectrum of dielectric losses, ε''(ν) (a) at temperatures well below the glass transition (Tg), these losses are represented by the low-frequency wing of the absorption peak due to the libration of polymer monomer units. (b) At 0.7Tg<T<Tg, additional temperature-dependent losses are observed, which can be associated with the manifestation of secondary relaxation processes. (c) At temperatures above Tg, primary α-relaxation processes become the dominant contribution to terahertz losses. The results obtained show that the evolution of terahertz losses with temperature is caused by a change in the structure of hydrogen bonds, which, apparently, is universal for systems with similar intermolecular interactions. Keywords: polymers, terahertz IR-spectra, temperature dependence, α- and β-relaxations, hydrogen bonding.
Projections overview and highlights, 2021–31
Authors: Dubina Kevin S. , Kim Janie-Lynn , Colato Javier , Rieley Michael J.
Published: November 2022

Employment and real output are projected to grow during the 2021–31 decade, reflecting both cyclical recovery from the 2020 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-induced recession, and structural growth. About one-fourth of the population will be age 65 or older in 2031, contributing to slow projected growth in the labor force and a continued decline in the labor force participation rate. The aging population is also expected to continue to drive strong demand for a variety of healthcare services, with 2.6 million jobs projected to be added in the healthcare and social assistance sector through 2031.
Impact of Personalized Avatars and Motion Synchrony on Embodiment and Users’ Subjective Experience: Empirical Study
Authors: Jung Myeongul , Sim Sangyong , Kim Jejoong , Kim Kwanguk
Published: November 2022

Background

Embodiment through a virtual avatar is a key element for people to feel that they are in the virtual world.

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate the interaction between 2 methods of eliciting embodiment through a virtual avatar: motion synchronization and appearance similarity between a human and avatar, to understand embodiment (agency, body ownership, and self-location) and subjective experience (presence, simulator sickness, and emotion) in virtual reality.

Methods

Using a full-body motion capture system, 24 participants experienced their virtual avatars with a 3D-scanned face and size-matched body from a first-person perspective. This study used a 2 (motion; sync and async) × 2 (appearance; personalized and generic) within-subject design.

Results

The results indicated that agency and body ownership increased when motion and appearance were matched, whereas self-location, presence, and emotion were affected by motion only. Interestingly, if the avatar’s appearance was similar to the participants (personalized avatar), they formed an agency toward the avatar’s motion that was not performed by themselves.

Conclusions

Our findings would be applicable in the field of behavioral therapy, rehabilitation, and entertainment applications, by eliciting higher agency with a personalized avatar.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Wearable Transdermal Alcohol Sensors: Systematic Review
Authors: Brobbin Eileen , Deluca Paolo , Hemrage Sofia , Drummond Colin
Published: November 2022

Background

Transdermal alcohol sensors (TASs) have the potential to be used to monitor alcohol consumption objectively and continuously. These devices can provide real-time feedback to the user, researcher, or health professional and measure alcohol consumption and peaks of use, thereby addressing some of the limitations of the current methods, including breathalyzers and self-reports.

Objective

This systematic review aims to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the currently available TAS devices.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus bibliographic databases in February 2021. Two members of our study team independently screened studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The study’s methodological quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The primary outcome was TAS acceptability. The secondary outcome was feasibility. The data are presented as a narrative synthesis.

Results

We identified and analyzed 22 studies. Study designs included laboratory- and ambulatory-based studies, mixed designs, randomized controlled trials, and focus groups, and the length the device was worn ranged from days to weeks. Although views on TASs were generally positive with high compliance, some factors were indicated as potential barriers and there are suggestions to overcome these.

Conclusions

There is a lack of research investigating the acceptability and feasibility of TAS devices as a tool to monitor alcohol consumption in clinical and nonclinical populations. Although preliminary evidence suggests their potential in short-term laboratory-based studies with volunteers, more research is needed to establish long-term daily use with other populations, specifically, in the clinical and the criminal justice system.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42021231027; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=231027
Continued Use of Contact-Tracing Apps in the United States and the United Kingdom: Insights From a Comparative Study Through the Lens of the Health Belief Model
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Vaghefi Isaac
Published: November 2022

Background

To contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, contact-tracing (CT) mobile apps were developed and deployed to identify and notify individuals who have exposure to the virus. However, the effectiveness of these apps depends not only on their adoption by the general population but also on their continued use in the long term. Limited research has investigated the facilitators of and barriers to the continued use of CT apps.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to examine factors influencing the continued use intentions of CT apps based on the health belief model. In addition, we investigated the differences between users and nonusers and between the US and UK populations.

Methods

We administered a survey in the United States and the United Kingdom. Respondents included individuals who had previously used CT technologies and those without experience. We used the structural equation modeling technique to validate the proposed research model and hypotheses.

Results

Analysis of data collected from 362 individuals showed that perceived benefits, self-efficacy, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and cues to action positively predicted the continued use intentions of CT apps, while perceived barriers could reduce them. We observed few differences between the US and UK groups; the only exception was the effect of COVID-19 threat susceptibility, which was significant for the UK group but not for the US group. Finally, we found that the only significant difference between users and nonusers was related to perceived barriers, which may not influence nonusers’ continued use intentions but significantly reduce experienced users’ intentions.

Conclusions

Our findings have implications for technological design and policy. These insights can potentially help governments, technology companies, and media outlets to create strategies and policies to promote app adoption for new users and sustain continued use for existing users in the long run.
Exploring the Cross-cultural Acceptability of Digital Tools for Pain Self-reporting: Qualitative Study
Authors: Ali Syed Mustafa , Lee Rebecca R , McBeth John , James Ben , McAlister Sean , Chiarotto Alessandro , Dixon William G , van der Veer Sabine N
Published: November 2022

Background

Culture and ethnicity influence how people communicate about their pain. This makes it challenging to develop pain self-report tools that are acceptable across ethnic groups.

Objective

We aimed to inform the development of cross-culturally acceptable digital pain self-report tools by better understanding the similarities and differences between ethnic groups in pain experiences and self-reporting needs.

Methods

Three web-based workshops consisting of a focus group and a user requirement exercise with people who self-identified as being of Black African (n=6), South Asian (n=10), or White British (n=7) ethnicity were conducted.

Results

Across ethnic groups, participants shared similar lived experiences and challenges in communicating their pain to health care professionals. However, there were differences in beliefs about the causes of pain, attitudes toward pain medication, and experiences of how stigma and gender norms influenced pain-reporting behavior. Despite these differences, they agreed on important aspects for pain self-report, but participants from non-White backgrounds had additional language requirements such as culturally appropriate pain terminologies to reduce self-reporting barriers.

Conclusions

To improve the cross-cultural acceptability and equity of digital pain self-report tools, future developments should address the differences among ethnic groups on pain perceptions and beliefs, factors influencing pain reporting behavior, and language requirements.
Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Structural Proteins in the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta Variants: Bioinformatics Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Khetran Saima Rehman , Mustafa Roma
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome are two pandemic respiratory diseases caused by coronavirus species. The novel disease COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019, and became a pandemic within 2-3 months, affecting social and economic platforms worldwide. Despite the rapid development of vaccines, there have been obstacles to their distribution, including a lack of fundamental resources, poor immunization, and manual vaccine replication. Several variants of the original Wuhan strain have emerged in the last 3 years, which can pose a further challenge for control and vaccine development.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to comprehensively analyze mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) using a bioinformatics approach toward identifying novel mutations that may be helpful in developing new vaccines by targeting these sites.

METHODS

Reference sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (YP_009724390) and nucleocapsid (YP_009724397) proteins were compared to retrieved sequences of isolates of four VoCs from 14 countries for mutational and evolutionary analyses. Multiple sequence alignment was performed and phylogenetic trees were constructed by the neighbor-joining method with 1000 bootstrap replicates using MEGA (version 6). Mutations in amino acid sequences were analyzed using the MultAlin online tool (version 5.4.1).

RESULTS

Among the four VoCs, a total of 143 nonsynonymous mutations and 8 deletions were identified in the spike and nucleocapsid proteins. Multiple sequence alignment and amino acid substitution analysis revealed new mutations, including G72W, M2101I, L139F, 209-211 deletion, G212S, P199L, P67S, I292T, and substitutions with unknown amino acid replacement, reported in Egypt (MW533289), the United Kingdom (MT906649), and other regions. The variants B.1.1.7 (Alpha variant) and B.1.617.2 (Delta variant), characterized by higher transmissibility and lethality, harbored the amino acid substitutions D614G, R203K, and G204R with higher prevalence rates in most sequences. Phylogenetic analysis among the novel SARS-CoV-2 variant proteins and some previously reported β-coronavirus proteins indicated that either the evolutionary clade was weakly supported or not supported at all by the β-coronavirus species.

CONCLUSIONS

This study could contribute toward gaining a better understanding of the basic nature of SARS-CoV-2 and its four major variants. The numerous novel mutations detected could also provide a better understanding of VoCs and help in identifying suitable mutations for vaccine targets. Moreover, these data offer evidence for new types of mutations in VoCs, which will provide insight into the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2.
Нейропротективні властивості амантадину сульфату відкривають нові можливості в реабілітаційному періоді постінсультних пацієнтів
Authors: Polivoda M.V.
Published: November 2022

В оптимізації функціонального відновлення і зниження вираженості інвалідизації осіб, які перенесли інсульт, важлива роль відводиться постінсультній реабілітації, яка може зменшити ступінь пошкодження мозку й покращити результат інсульту. З цією метою призначається амантадину сульфат, який за рахунок антагонізму до NMDA-рецепторів призводить до пригнічення глутаматної ексайтотоксичності. В огляді розглядаються механізми нейропротективних властивостей амантадину сульфату, результати численних клінічних рандомізованих досліджень, які демонструють ефективність і безпеку призначення препарату пацієнтам, які перенесли інсульт. Доведено, що його застосування забезпечує корекцію порушень свідомості, вігільності й когнітивних розладів унаслідок судинного пошкодження мозку. Раннє призначення амантадину сульфату після інсульту знижує тяжкість і зменшує розмір первинних і вторинних ушкоджень мозку.
Комплексний огляд дифузної низькодиференційованої астроцитоми: характеристика, молекулярна класифікація і хірургічне лікування
Authors: Chaulagain Dipak , Smolanka Volodymyr , Smolanka Andriy
Published: November 2022

Дифузна астроцитома (ДА) — це рідкісна низькодиференційована астроцитома з високою клітинною диференціацією, повільним ростом і великою інфільтрацією сусідніх ділянок мозку. Незважаючи на те, що Всесвітня організація охорони здоров’я класифікує їх як дифузні астроцитоми ІІ ступеня, ці новоутворення в дітей клінічно і молекулярно відрізняються від таких у дорослих. Вони рідко переходять до ураження вищого ступеня і рідко мають мутацію IDH. ДА найчастіше зустрічаються в молодих людей, хоча також можуть виникнути в молодшій популяції і в людей похилого віку. Їх можна виявити всюди в мозку, але найчастіше вони зустрічаються в півкулях головного мозку — «мисленнєвому» відділі. Краї дифузної астроцитоми мають тенденцію розширюватися в оточуючі нормальні тканини головного мозку, на що вказує термін. Судоми і мігрені часто є першими симптомами цієї пухлини, як і параліч однієї сторони тіла (геміпарез). У цій статті ми обговорюємо клінічні, гістологічні й молекулярні характеристики дифузної астроцитоми ІІ ступеня, наголошуючи на її діагностичних критеріях, поширеності в ділянках мозку, найбільш поширених молекулярних характеристиках і способах скринінгу, а також вплив хірургічної резекції ДА на лікування.
Концепція імунопатогенезу енцефалопатії у дітей з розладами спектра аутизму, асоційованими з генетичним дефіцитом фолатного циклу, та потенційні терапевтичні напрямки
Authors: Maltsev D.V. , Natrus L.V.
Published: November 2022

Аналітичний огляд підсумовує результати власних досліджень у поєднанні із прогресивними поглядами сучасних наукових шкіл щодо актуальної проблеми у світі — діагностики і лікування дітей із розладами спектра аутизму. Отримані дані дозволили сформулювати наукову концепцію імунопатогенезу енцефалопатії у дітей, яка описує найбільш ймовірний сценарій патологічних подій, починаючи з появи патогенних поліморфних замін нуклеотидів у геномі плода і закінчуючи розвитком клінічних симптомів нейропсихіатричних порушень у дитини. Висунення такої концепції відкриває шлях до розробки алгоритму лікування дітей з розладами спектра аутизму, який раніше не був доступним.
Development of MRI Scalar Maps using DWI Images
Authors: Sastry Guggilla Sai Sasidhar , Reddy Ramasahayam Srikar , Priya Dr. L. Sathya
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Neuroimaging has been dramatically advanced by diffusion-weighted and diffusion-tensor imaging (DWI/DTI). Moreover, DWI/DTI permits the examination of the brain's microarchitecture. A thorough understanding of the fundamentals is essential to better understanding pathological presences and avoiding misinterpretation of typical DWI/DTI abnormalities. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is based on the measurement of the thermal Brownian motion of water molecules, and Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MRI technique that calculates the axonal arrangement of the brain through anisotropic diffusion. FA, AD, RD, and MD maps are used to study the biological signature of white matter in diffusion MRI studies of brain aging, neurodevelopment, and neurologic injuries. These maps are normally expensive on the market because they are generated separately. Using the DIPY library, we will generate FA, AD, RD, and MD maps to make this process more costeffective.
The Mediated Effects of Quality of Life, and Moderating Effects on Premenstrual Coping Methods in Relationship between Premenstrual Syndrome(PMS) and Attitudes Towards Menstruation
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Yang Sun-Young , Baek Youg-Mae
Published: November 2022

Objectives This study verifies the mediated effects of quality of life, and moderating effects on premenstrual coping methods, in respect of Premenstrual Syndrome and attitudes towards menstruation. Methods 376 adult women in their 20s and 30s in Busan and Gyeongsangbuk-do were tested to measure premenstrual syndrome and related variables, and analyzed using Hayes' (2013) PROCESS Model 5. This model includes both indirect and controlled direct effects, and the indirect effect on the relationship between the preceding variable and the outcome variable was verified by brush wrapping, and the controlled direct effect was verified the interaction significance of the preceding variable and the control variable. Results First, the indirect effects of quality of life were examined in relation to premenstrual syndrome and attitudes towards menstruation. Second, the negative effect of premenstrual syndrome on attitudes toward menstruation showed that adjusting energy and self-care methods had moderating effects among premenstrual coping methods. However, avoiding harm, awarensess and acceptance of premenstrual change, and communication methods did not show any moderating effect. Conclusions This means that premenstrual syndrome affects the attitude towards menstruation through the quality of life. Among the premenstrual coping methods, passive coping does not reduce the negative effect of premenstrual syndrome on attitudes toward menstruation, and it means that active coping methods can reduce the negative effect of premenstrual syndrome on attitudes toward menstruation. In particular, it means that it is more effective to respond more actively, such as exercise or relaxation training, to directly alleviate symptoms rather than simply being aware of premenstrual changes. Finally, this study discussed the significance and limitations of this study and recommendations for further study.
A Study on the Aspects of Teachers’ Feedback on High School Students’ Persuasive Writing
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Nambok , Kwon Taehyun
Published: November 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the aspects of teachers’ feedback based on high school students’ persuasive writings and their assessment. In particular, it attempts to check the aspects of teachers’ feedback on how teachers give their feedback to students depending on writing level by categorizing types of feedback, which lead to look for effective feedback. Methods For this study, 30 of the third graders in high school wrote the persuasive writings about animal experiment and the papers randomly were distributed into 5 teachers. The papers were divided into level of writing(advanced, intermediate, beginner) and gender. Teachers’ feedback on 150 writings were categorized and frequency and correlation were analyzed throughout the categorization. It is analyzed that there are any differences in the contents of feedback depending on students’ writing level. Results Teachers involved mostly concentrated on the factor of the vocabulary(953 feedback) of all the feedback(2862 feedback), while the least feedback is the factor of critical opinion(2 feedback). In detail, feedback on structure of writing, metacognition occurs most often in the advanced levels of performance, feedback on detail of contents in the intermediate levels of performance and feedback on sentence, comprehension of subject in the beginner levels of performance. Conclusions As a result, it is shown that most of the teachers still tend to give students feedback on form of writing like vocabulary correction and revision and grammar like word spacing, punctuation marks for accuracy in expression. In addtion, teachers’ feedback depending on writing level show obvious differences in the target with the result that writing feedback is classified in this study. The study has significant implications for constructive feedback on writing.
COVID-19 stress and depression Effect on college life adjustment of college students
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Young Ran , Jo Ji Hye
Published: November 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the status of COVID-19 stress, depression, and college life adjustment of college students in the COVID-19 situation, examine differences according to demographic factors, and factors influencing college life adjustment. Methods Subjects were 276 college students who agreed to participate in six universities located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Chungcheong-do. For data analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed using the IBM SPSS 21.0 program. Results First, COVID-19 stress, depression, and college life adjustment mostly differed according to gender, grade, college, school satisfaction, and major satisfaction. Second, There were positively correlations between COVID-19 stress and depression. There were negatively correlations between COVID-19 stress and college life adjustment, between depression and college life adjustment. Third, as a result of hierarchical regression analysis, the relative influence of COVID-19 stress on college life adjustment of the study subjects was 10.9% and depression 44.3%. These factors accounted for 55.2% of college life adjustment (F=170.406, p<.001). Conclusions Results of this study will be useful as basic data to understand the difficulties of COVID-19 stress, depression, and college life adjustment and to derive necessary services and support measures.
A Study on the Characteristics of Academic Style in Oral Presentation corpus of Foreign Students for Academic Purpose
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Hyekyung
Published: November 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the colloquial presentation corpus of Korean learners for academic purposes to reveal stylistic characteristics and to find out the correlation between the use of academic styles according to proficiency. Methods 69 academic learners in Korean universities or graduate schools recorded and transcribed presentations to build researcher’s own corpus of learner colloquial presentations, and analyzed high-frequency word segment and high-frequency expression sentences using AntConc corpus analysis programs. Results The purposes of this study were to specify variables related to convergence competency, and to analyze the structural relationships among them. The purposes of this study were to specify variables related to convergence competency, and to analyze the structural relationships among them. Conclusions Through this study, it can be seen that learners for academic purposes are not fully aware of the grammar and expressions strategically used by native Korean speakers in presenting academic purposes and are not effectively used. In addition, it was found that the academic style characteristics were influenced by the genre of presentation rather than the difference according to the degree of mastery. Therefore, in Korean language education for learners for academic purposes, it is necessary to understand the academic nature of the presentation of academic purposes and to appropriately and effectively use a style that reveals academic specificity according to the academic level or purpose.