bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the distribution of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus ecotypes in the Mediterranean Sea affected by global warming?
Authors: Mella-Flores D. , Mazard S. , Humily F. , Partensky F. , Mahé F. , Bariat L. , Courties C. , Marie D. , Ras J. , Mauriac R. , Jeanthon C. , Bendif E. M. , Ostrowski M. , Scanlan D. J. , Garczarek L.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. Biological communities populating the Mediterranean Sea, which is situated at the northern boundary of the subtropics, are often claimed to be particularly affected by global warming. This is indicated, for instance, by the introduction of (sub)tropical species of fish or invertebrates that can displace local species. This raises the question of whether microbial communities are similarly affected, especially in the Levantine basin where sea surface temperatures have risen in recent years. In this paper, the genetic diversity of the two most abundant members of the phytoplankton community, the picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, was examined on a transect from the South coast of France to Cyprus in the summer of 2008 (BOUM cruise). Diversity was studied using dot blot hybridization with clade-specific 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes and clone libraries of the 16S–23S ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Data were compared with those obtained during the PROSOPE cruise held almost a decade earlier, with a focus on the abundance of clades that may constitute bioindicators of warm waters. During both cruises, the dominant Prochlorococcus clade in the upper mixed layer at all stations was HLI, a clade typical of temperate waters, whereas the HLII clade, the dominant group in (sub)tropical waters, was only present at very low concentrations. The Synechococcus community was dominated by clades I, III and IV in the northwestern waters of the Gulf of Lions and by clade III and groups genetically related to clades WPC1 and VI in the rest of the Mediterranean Sea. In contrast, only a few sequences of clade II, a group typical of warm waters, were observed. These data indicate that local cyanobacterial populations have not yet been displaced by their (sub)tropical counterparts. This is discussed in the context of the low phosphorus concentrations found in surface waters in the eastern Mediterranean basin, as this may constitute a barrier to the colonization of these waters by alien picocyanobacterial groups.
Numerical simulation of a deep Mediterranean storm and its sensitivity on sea surface temperature
Authors: Katsafados P. , Mavromatidis E. , Papadopoulos A. , Pytharoulis I.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. The development and evolution of a deep low-pressure system over the Eastern Mediterranean has been investigated in comparative numerical experiments with a limited area model using climatological, gridded analyses, satellite-derived and high-resolution re-analysis sea surface temperatures (SSTs) as lower boundary conditions. The severe event of 21–22 January 2004 was selected in view of its strength and considerable impact on the coastal communities of the Northern Aegean Sea. The aim of this study is to investigate the sensitivity of storm development and intensity to the different SST sources. High resolution model simulations were performed resolving mesoscale features modulated by the different source of SSTs. Although the atmospheric response was considerable in terms of rain bands and surface fluxes, the general structure of the system was not significantly affected by the different air-sea interaction forcing. The impact on the model performance (and therefore its forecasting skill) was further assessed on the basis of quantitative verification statistics estimated throughout the period of the simulations. The methodology was based on the verification against surface observations from the World Meteorological Organization network, covering Southern Greece and the coastal areas of Western Turkey. The estimated statistical scores revealed small but noticeable deviations among the forecast skills of the simulations.
Using a variance-based sensitivity analysis for analyzing the relation between measurements and unknown parameters of a physical model
Authors: Zhao J. , Tiede C.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. An implementation of uncertainty analysis (UA) and quantitative global sensitivity analysis (SA) is applied to the non-linear inversion of gravity changes and three-dimensional displacement data which were measured in and active volcanic area. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (E-FAST). This method produces the total sensitivity indices (TSIs), so that all interactions between the unknown input parameters are taken into account. The possible correlations between the output an the input parameters can be evaluated by uncertainty analysis. Uncertainty analysis results indicate the general fit between the physical model and the measurements. Results of the sensitivity analysis show quite different sensitivities for the measured changes as they relate to the unknown parameters of a physical model for an elastic-gravitational source. Assuming a fixed number of executions, thirty different seeds are observed to determine the stability of this method.
Joint use of satellite and in-situ data for coastal monitoring
Authors: Gohin F.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. Sea surface Temperature, Chlorophyll and turbidity are three variables of the coastal environment commonly measured by monitoring networks. The observation networks are often based on coastal stations which do not provide a sufficient coverage to val-idate the model outputs or to be used in assimilation over the continental shelf. Conversely, the products derived from satellite reflectance show generally a decreasing quality shoreward and an accurate assessment of these data is required. In this text, we show that the satellite-derived chlorophyll products, obtained through a dedicated coastal algorithm, fulfil the first requirement of a monitoring system: the ability to represent correctly the mean annual cycle. The annual cycle, mean and percentile 90 of the chlorophyll concentration, derived from MERIS/ESA and MODIS/NASA, have been compared to in-situ observations at twenty six selected stations from the Mediterranean Sea to the North-Sea. Keeping in mind the validation, the forcing or the assimilation in hydrological, sediment-transport or ecological models, the non-algal Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) is also a parameter which is expected from the satellite imagery. However, the monitoring networks measure essentially the turbidity and a consistency between chlorophyll, representative of the phytoplankton biomass, non-algal SPM, and turbidity is required. In this study, we derive the satellite turbidity from chlorophyll and non-algal SPM with a common formula applied to in-situ or satellite observations. The distribution of the satellite-derived turbidity shows the same main statistical characteristics that measured in-situ; which satisfies our first condition to monitor the long-term changes or the large-scale spatial variation over the continental shelf and along the shore. For the first time, maps of turbidity, so useful for the surveillance of the benthic habitats, are proposed operationally from space on areas as different as the Southern North-Sea or the Western Mediterranean Sea, with validation at coastal stations.
Identification of HN-1-Peptide Target in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Dudas Jozsef , Idler Christin , Sprinzl Georg , Bernkop-Schnuerch Andreas , Riechelmann Herbert
Published: May 2011

The HN-1 module was previously reported to ensure efficient targeting of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Aim of this work was to indentify the target of HN-1. Targeting of HN-1 peptide was compared in normal epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and in HNSCC tumor cells (SCC-25 and Detroit 562). Experimental, cell culture, cell polarity, and adhesion conditions were tested; structure models of peptides were created. Indeed, HN-1 was able to target HNSCC tumor cells in the previously published conditions. The targeting efficiency of immortalized normal epithelial cells was significantly lower. Nevertheless, in other experimental conditions the binding was less efficient and not specific. A scrambled sequence of HN-1, with altered order of amino acids showed even better targeting efficiency than HN-1. HN-1 was only uptaken in adherent cells, not in suspension. In conclusion, HN-1-peptide-targeting is not based on sequence specificity, but more on electrostatic interactions with the cell surface of the tumor cells.
An Investigation of Thermal Shock in Porous Clay Ceramics
Authors: Nyongesa F. W. , Rahbar N. , Obwoya S. K. , Zimba J. , Aduda B. O. , Soboyejo W. O.
Published: May 2011

The thermal shock resistance of porous ceramic materials is often characterized by the Hasselman parameters. However, in other scenarios, the room-temperature residual strengths after thermal shock are also used to quantify the damage due to thermal shock. This paper attempts to link the measured residual strengths to the dominant crack features that are introduced due to thermal shock in porous clay ceramics produced by the sintering of clay powders with well-controlled size ranges. Residual strength estimates from bend tests are compared with fracture mechanics predictions. The implications of the residual strength results are then discussed for the characterization of damage due to thermal shock.
Analysis of the Bacterial Diversity Associated with the Roots of Maize (Zea mays L.) through Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods
Authors: Pereira Paola , Ibáñez Fernando , Rosenblueth Mónica , Etcheverry Miriam , Martínez-Romero Esperanza
Published: May 2011

The present study investigated bacterial diversity associated with the roots of maize through the use of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Bacterial 16S–23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) primers were used to amplify sequences obtained directly from the root matrix by Percoll gradient separation. This assay showed that γ-Proteobacteria within Enterobacter, Erwinia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas genera were predominant groups. The culturable component of the bacterial community was also assessed, revealing that the predominant group was Firmicutes, mainly of Bacillus genus, while Achromobacter, Lysinibacillus, and Paenibacillus genera were rarely found in association with the roots. Only two genera within γ-Proteobacteria, Enterobacter and Pseudomonas, were found in the culture collection. Differences in richness and diversity between the rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial communities were also evidenced. The spectrum of bacteria naturally associated with maize roots is wide and the magnitude of such diversity will depend on the methods chosen for analysis. The knowledge of this spectrum will facilitate the search of microorganisms capable of exerting antagonism to diverse pathogens or detecting plant growth enhancers.
A Case Study of Witness Consistency and Memory Recovery Across Multiple Investigative Interviews
Authors: Orbach Yael , Lamb Michael E. , La Rooy David , Pipe Margaret‐Ellen
Published: May 2011

Access to audio recordings of five interviews (Interviews 2–6), and to the interviewer's contemporaneous notes during an initial unrecorded interview, made it possible to assess consistency across repeated attempts by a 9‐year‐old to describe her older sister's abduction from their shared bedroom. Information provided in each of the interviews was systematically analysed to determine whether each unit of information was new, consistent (repeated) or contradictory in relation to earlier reported information and whether any informative detail provided in the witness' initial interview was subsequently omitted. In addition, the witness' accounts were compared with details provided by the victim upon her rescue. This case analysis is particularly informative in light of widespread professional concerns about the effects of repeated interviewing on the quality and accuracy of children's accounts of experienced events. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delay‐dependent model reduction for continuous‐time switched state‐delayed systems
Authors: Wang Dong , Wang Wei , Shi Peng
Published: May 2011

This paper studies the problem of exponential H∞ model reduction for continuous‐time switched delay system under average dwell time (ADT) switching signals. Time delay under consideration is interval time varying. Our attention is focused on the construction of the desired reduced order models, which guarantee that the resulting error systems under ADT switching signals are exponentially stable with an H∞ norm bound. By introducing a block matrix and making use of the ADT approach, delay‐dependent sufficient conditions for the existence of reduced order models are derived and formulated in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Owing to the absence of non‐convex constraints, it is tractable to construct an admissible reduced order model. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is illustrated via two numerical examples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional adaptive controller for multivariable stochastic systems with dynamic structure of neural network
Authors: Král L. , Šimandl M.
Published: May 2011

The article deals with a challenging problem of adaptive control design for multivariable stochastic systems with a functional uncertainty. Model of the system is based on multi‐layered perceptron neural networks where both the unknown parameters and the structure are found in real time without a necessity of any off‐line training process. The unknown parameters are estimated by a global estimation method, the Gaussian sum filter, and the structure of the neural network model is optimized by a proposed pruning method. The control law is based on a bicriterial approach to the suboptimal dual control. Two individual criteria are designed and used to introduce conflicting efforts between the estimation and control; probing and caution. A comparison of the proposed dual control and its alternative with an implementation of the pruning algorithm is shown in a numerical example. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed [3+4] Annulation of 2‐(Heteroaryl)‐ cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates with Cyclopentadiene
Authors: Ivanova Olga A. , Budynina Ekaterina M. , Chagarovskiy Alexey O. , Kaplun Alexey E. , Trushkov Igor V. , Melnikov Mikhail Ya.
Published: May 2011

A novel Lewis acid‐catalyzed [3+4] annulation of 2‐(heteroaryl)cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates with cyclopentadiene is reported. This reaction proceeds via an electrophilic attack of the Lewis acid‐activated donor‐acceptor cyclopropane onto cyclopentadiene followed by Friedel–Crafts intramolecular alkylation of the heteroarene substituent. This is the first general example of reactions of donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes wherein the donor substituent serves as a nucleophile. The described annulation represents a convenient approach to bicyclo[3.2.1]octa‐2,6‐dienes with heteroarenes annulated to C(2)‐C(3) bond. Its efficiency was demonstrated for a series of furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, benzofuryl, benzothienyl, and indolyl substituted cyclopropanes. Additionally, in the case of 2‐(5‐methyl‐2‐furyl)cyclopropane‐1,1‐diester we observed the predominant formation of product of the [3+4] annulation or the tetracyclic 5,8‐methanocyclopenta[a]azulene derivative, depending on the reaction conditions.
Chlorinative Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes by Enantioselective Palladium(II)/Palladium(IV) Catalysis
Authors: Takenaka Kazuhiro , Hashimoto Shintaro , Takizawa Shinobu , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: May 2011

A novel asymmetric catalysis via a palladium(II)/palladium(IV) cycle has been developed by utilizing a chiral spiro bis(isoxazoline) ligand (SPRIX). Intramolecular chlorinative cyclization of 1,6‐enynes catalyzed by a palladium‐SPRIX complex proceeded enantioselectively to afford α‐methylene‐γ‐lactone derivatives.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Intermolecular Cyclization of Acrylic Acid with Alkenes to α‐Methylene‐γ‐butyrolactones
Authors: Yonehara Koji , Miyoshi Yasuyuki , Tsukajima Aki , Akatsuka Takeo , Saito Makoto
Published: May 2011

The methodology in this article is a palladium(II)/copper(II)‐ or palladium(II)‐catalyzed intermolecular cyclization of acrylic acid with alkenes to produce α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone derivatives using molecular oxygen as an environmentally benign oxidant. In this system, the carboxylato, especially trifluoroacetato, or trimethylacetato ligand, plays a quite important role to afford a high catalytic activity by suppressing the deposition of palladium(0) black.
Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzothiazoles via Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling with Part‐Per‐Million Catalyst Loadings
Authors: Sun Ya‐Lei , Zhang Yuan , Cui Xiao‐Hui , Wang Wei
Published: May 2011

An efficient protocol has been developed for the preparation of 2‐aminobenzothiazoles via a copper(I)‐catalyzed tandem reaction of 2‐iodoanilines with isothiocyanates at very low catalyst loadings [typically 50 ppm of copper(I) iodide (CuI)]. A variety of 2‐iodoanilines could be cross‐coupled with isothiocyanates, affording 2‐aminobenzothiazoles in moderate to good yields (49–93%) under the given conditions. The turnover number (TON) of this reaction reaches 67,000 and the reaction could be scaled up, at least, to the gram‐scale.
Brief communication: Co‐detection of Bartonella quintana and Yersinia pestis in an 11th–15th burial site in Bondy, France
Authors: Tran Thi‐Nguyen‐Ny , Forestier Cyrille Le , Drancourt Michel , Raoult Didier , Aboudharam Gérard
Published: May 2011

Historical and anthropological data suggest that skeletons excavated from an 11th to 15th century mass grave in Bondy, France, may be those of victims of the Great Plague. Using high‐throughput real‐time PCR investigation of the dental pulp collected from 14 teeth from five such skeletons, we detected Bartonella quintana DNA in three individuals and Yersinia pestis DNA in two individuals. DNA from five other deadly pathogens was not found. Suicide PCR genotyping confirmed Y. pestis DNA belonging to the Orientalis biotype. One individual had co‐infection. These data suggest a plague epidemic in a population already infected by the body louse‐transmitted B. quintana or a body louse‐driven transmission of the plague that drove a medieval epidemic in inland Europe. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of femoral torsion during prenatal growth: Interpretations associated with the effects of intrauterine pressure
Authors: Bonneau Noémie , Simonis Caroline , Seringe Raphaël , Tardieu Christine
Published: May 2011

The developing fetus is protected from external environmental influences by maternal tissues. However, these structures have a limited elasticity, such that the fetus must grow in a confined space, constraining its size at the end of pregnancy. Can these constraints modify the morphology of the fetal skeleton? The intensity of these constraints increases between 5 months and birth, making it the most appropriate period to address this question. A sample of 89 fetal femora was analyzed, and results provide evidence that during this period, the torsion of the femoral shaft (quantified by means of a new three‐dimensional method) increases gradually. Two explanations were considered: this increase could signal effects of constraints induced by the intrauterine cavity, developmental patterning, or some combination of these two. Different arguments tend to support the biomechanical explanation, rather than a programming pattern formation. Indeed, the identification of the femur as a first degree lever, created by the hyperflexion of the fetal lower limbs on the pelvis, could explain the increase in femoral shaft torsion during prenatal life. A comparison with femora of infants is in accordance with this mechanical interpretation, which is possible through bone modeling/remodeling. Although genetic and epigenetic mechanisms may regulate timing of fetal development, our data suggest that at birth, the fetal skeleton also has an intrauterine mechanical history through adaptive bone plasticity. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: DNA from early Holocene American dog
Authors: Tito Raul Y. , Belknap Samuel L. , Sobolik Kristin D. , Ingraham Robert C. , Cleeland Lauren M. , Lewis Cecil M.
Published: May 2011

We present the oldest genetically identified dog in the Americas, directly dated to 9,260 ± 170 Cal. B.P. The DNA was extracted from an occipital condyle imbedded in a human paleofecal sample from Hinds Cave in southwest Texas. A 368 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial genome control region was sequenced. These data were analyzed with comparable data, which included other ancient dogs and extant dogs, wolves and coyotes from around the world. Compiled with published data, our results characterize ancient American dogs within clades rooted by Eurasian wolves. In the Americas, these data provide no evidence of local interbreeding with wolves. This is a departure from the genetic pattern in other areas of the world where interbreeding with local wolf populations is apparent. Our discovery of domestic dog bone in a human paleofecal sample provides the earliest direct evidence for human consumption of dogs in the New World. These data support the hypothesis that dogs were a food source for early Paleoamericans. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The postcranial dimensions of the La Chapelle‐aux‐saints 1 Neandertal
Authors: Trinkaus Erik
Published: May 2011

The La Chapelle‐aux‐Saints 1 Neandertal has figured prominently in considerations of Neandertal body size and proportions. In this context, a reassessment of its major long bones and a reassembly of its principal pelvic elements (sacrum and right ilium) was undertaken. There are secure measurements for its humeral and radial lengths and its femoral head diameter, but the femoral and tibial lengths were almost certainly greater than previous values. The resultant humeral, femoral and tibial lengths are similar to those of other male Neandertals, its femoral head diameter is among the largest known for Middle and Late Pleistocene humans, but its radial length is relatively short. The pelvic assembly provides modest bi‐iliac and inlet transverse diameters compared with the few sufficiently complete and undistorted Middle and Late Pleistocene archaic human pelves, but its dimensions are similar to those of large male early modern humans. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“How pendulum‐like are siamangs? energy exchange during brachiation”
Authors: Michilsens Fana , D'Août Kristiaan , Aerts Peter
Published: May 2011

Hylobatidae (gibbons and siamangs) are known for their brachiation skills. The comparison of brachiation with a pendulum is made several times in the literature, and the costs and benefits of being pendulum‐like are well described. However, the amount of energy exchange during brachiation of gibbons has rarely been determined. In this study, the amount of energy recovery (ER) during brachiation is assessed for three siamangs in a seminatural environment. The animals were recorded by four cameras while voluntarily brachiating on three different setups. The effects of locomotion speed, brachiation type, and setup on ER as well as on the external mechanical work during brachiation are determined. It is hypothesized that the amount of ER decreases with an increasing setup complexity while the external mechanical work increases. Additionally, we expect that support arm kinematics will be adjusted according to spatial complexity in order to maintain high recovery percentages. Our results show that ER is mainly determined by brachiation speed. Regardless of type of brachiation or setup, brachiation is done with a lower ER when brachiating faster. Within our limited range of setup variation, the expected effect of increasing complexity is not found. Although there is significant variation in support arm joint angles, no clear relation with speed, brachiation type, or setup is observed. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization and oxidative stress response of an intracellular Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Li Jun‐Min , Su Yun‐Lin , Gao Xian‐Long , He Jiao , Liu Shu‐Sheng , Wang Xiao‐Wei
Published: May 2011

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are important for the survival of insects under environmental and biological stresses; however, little attention has been devoted to the functional characterization of SODs in whitefly. In this study, an intracellular copper/zinc superoxide dismutase of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) (Bt‐CuZnSOD) was cloned. Sequence analysis indicated that the full length cDNA of Bt‐CuZnSOD is of 907 bp with a 471 bp open reading frame encoding 157 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence shares common consensus patterns with the CuZnSODs of various vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Bt‐CuZnSOD is grouped together with intracellular CuZnSODs. Bt‐CuZnSOD was then over‐expressed in E. coli and purified using GST purification system. The enzymatic activity of purified Bt‐CuZnSOD was assayed under various temperatures. When whiteflies were exposed to low (4°C) and high (40°C) temperatures, the in vivo activity of Bt‐CuZnSOD was significantly increased. Furthermore, we measured the activities of several antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, catalase and peroxidase, in the whitefly after transferring the whitefly from cotton to tobacco (an unfavorable host plant). We found that the activity of SOD increased rapidly on tobacco plant. Taken together, these results suggest that the Bt‐CuZnSOD plays a major role in protecting the whitefly against various stress conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On generating multivariate Poisson data in management science applications
Authors: Yahav Inbal , Shmueli Galit
Published: May 2011

Generating multivariate Poisson random variables is essential in many applications, such as multi echelon supply chain systems, multi‐item/multi‐period pricing models, accident monitoring systems, etc. Current simulation methods suffer from limitations ranging from computational complexity to restrictions on the structure of the correlation matrix, and therefore are rarely used in management science. Instead, multivariate Poisson data are commonly approximated by either univariate Poisson or multivariate Normal data. However, these approximations are often not adequate in practice.

In this paper, we propose a conceptually appealing correction for NORTA (NORmal To Anything) for generating multivariate Poisson data with a flexible correlation structure and rates. NORTA is based on simulating data from a multivariate Normal distribution and converting it into an arbitrary continuous distribution with a specific correlation matrix. We show that our method is both highly accurate and computationally efficient. We also show the managerial advantages of generating multivariate Poisson data over univariate Poisson or multivariate Normal data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agency, resilience and coping: Exploring the psychosocial effects of goat ownership on orphaned and vulnerable children in Western Kenya
Authors: Winsor Robyn Elizabeth , Skovdal Morten
Published: May 2011

Despite an increase in goat donation programmes geared at orphaned and vulnerable children in sub‐Saharan Africa, the social psychological effects of goat ownership on the lives of these children have yet to be investigated. To shed light on the ways in which goat ownership affects children's psychosocial well‐being, this paper presents a case study of a goat donation programme in Western Kenya, paying particular attention to children's interaction with the goats. Informed by social psychological understandings of resilience and coping, we involved fifteen children (aged 12–17) in this qualitative study, using photographs and written reflections to describe the impact of goat ownership on their lives. The children also created daily routine diagrams and community maps and participated in two group discussions to explore their experiences further. The guardians of two of the participating children were also interviewed. A thematic content analysis of all our data revealed that goat ownership, within this social environment, enabled children to (i) generate income as a result of their participation in goat management, (ii) negotiate social support and (iii) create positive images of self and life – deriving emotional benefits. We conclude that goat ownership provides orphaned and vulnerable children with opportunities for positive social participation and community engagement that can facilitate children's resilience. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Specific Targeting and Imaging of Live Cancer Cells by Using a Peptide Probe Developed from Rationally Designed Peptides
Authors: Huang Yanyan , Zhao Rui , Fu Yabin , Zhang Qundan , Xiong Shaoxiang , Li Li , Zhou Rouli , Liu Guoquan , Chen Yi
Published: May 2011

Specific detection and in vivo tracing of cancer biomarkers are important for cancer analysis. In this work, a simple and effective strategy for developing peptide probes was established. Peptides were rationally designed by using an antisense peptide approach directed towards an extracellular fragment (EL2) of a novel tumor‐related protein LAPTM4B. Positional‐scanning and stepwise affinity screening was employed to obtain an optimal peptide AP2H (IHGHHIISVG). The dissociation constant between the two small peptides, AP2H and the target EL2, was 5.51 μM under physiological conditions. Fluorescence imaging assays indicated that AP2H can recognize live hepatoma cells by targeting the LAPTM4B protein on the cell surface with high specificity, low cytotoxicity and desirable cell penetrability. Compared to negative control cells, AP2H could differentiate cells with different expression levels of LAPTM4B. The screened peptide probe for molecular signatures of cancer cells, based on targeting the LAPTM4B protein, has potential applications in cancer diagnosis and targetable drug delivery.
Some Phorbol Esters Might Partially Resemble Bryostatin 1 in their Actions on LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells and U937 Leukemia Cells
Authors: Kedei Noemi , Lubart Emanuel , Lewin Nancy E. , Telek Andrea , Lim Langston , Mannan Poonam , Garfield Susan H. , Kraft Matthew B. , Keck Gary E. , Kolusheva Sofiya , Jelinek Raz , Blumberg Peter M.
Published: May 2011

Phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) and bryostatin 1 are both potent protein kinase C (PKC) activators. In LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, PMA induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) secretion and inhibits proliferation; bryostatin 1 does not, and indeed blocks the response to PMA. This difference has been attributed to bryostatin 1 not localizing PKCδ to the plasma membrane. Since phorbol ester lipophilicity influences PKCδ localization, we have examined in LNCaP cells a series of phorbol esters and related derivatives spanning some eight logs in lipophilicity (logP) to see if any behave like bryostatin 1. The compounds showed marked differences in their effects on proliferation and TNFα secretion. For example, maximal responses for TNFα secretion relative to PMA ranged from 97 % for octyl‐indolactam V to 24 % for phorbol 12,13‐dibenzoate. Dose–response curves ranged from monophasic for indolactam V to markedly biphasic for sapintoxin D. The divergent patterns of response, however, correlated neither to lipophilicity, to plasma membrane translocation of PKCδ, nor to the ability to interact with model membranes. In U937 human leukemia cells, a second system in which PMA and bryostatin 1 have divergent effects, viz. PMA but not bryostatin 1 inhibits proliferation and induces attachment, all the compounds acted like PMA for proliferation, but several induced a reduced level or a biphasic dose–response curve for attachment. We conclude that active phorbol esters are not all equivalent. Depending on the system, some might partially resemble bryostatin 1 in their behavior; this encourages the concept that bryostatin‐like behavior may be obtained from other structural templates.
A technique to access difficult to find upper extremity veins for right heart catheterization: The levogram technique
Authors: Pancholy Samir B. , Sweeney Joseph
Published: May 2011

Upper extremity venous access provides a safer alternative for performance of right heart catheterization compared to femoral venous access. We describe a technique to access deep veins of the upper extremity, in patients undergoing transradial catheterization, using levophase contrast venography. This technique allows the operator to access deep veins of the upper extremity without the need for additional equipment, staff or training, using traditional basic catheterization laboratory skills and equipment. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Left atrial appendage closure with Amplatzer cardiac plug for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Initial Asia‐Pacific experience
Authors: Lam Yat‐Yin , Yip Gabriel W.K. , Yu Cheuk‐Man , Chan Wilson W.M. , Cheng Boron C.W. , Yan Bryan P. , Clugston Richard , Yong Gerald , Gattorna Tim , Paul Vincent
Published: May 2011

Background: Left atrial appendage (LAA) is the main source of left atrial thrombus that causes stroke in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This study reported the initial safety, feasibility, and 1‐yr clinical outcomes following AMPLATZER cardiac plug (ACP) implantation in Asia‐Pacific region.Methods: Twenty NVAF patients (16 males, age 68 ± 9 yr) with high risk for developing cardioembolic stroke (CHADS2 score: 2.3 ± 1.3) and contraindications to warfarin received ACP implants from June 2009 to May 2010. Patients received general anesthesia (n = 9) or controlled propofol sedation (n = 11) and the procedures were guided by fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Clinical follow‐up was arranged at 1 month and then every 3 months after implantation, whereas, a TEE was scheduled at 1 month upon completion of dual anti‐platelet therapy.Results: The LAA was successfully occluded in 19/20 patients (95%) at two Asian centers. One procedure was abandoned because of catheter‐related thrombus formation. Other complications included coronary artery air embolism (n = 1) and TEE‐attributed esophageal injury (n = 1). The median procedural and fluoroscopic times were 79 (IQR: 59–100) and 18 (IQR 12–27) minutes, respectively. The mean size of implant was 23.6 ± 3.1 mm. The average hospital stay was 1.8 ± 1.1 days. Follow‐up TEE showed all the LAA orifices were sealed without device‐related thrombus formation. No stroke or death occurred at a mean follow‐up of 12.7 ± 3.1 months. Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggested LAA closure with ACP is safe, feasible with encouraging 1‐yr clinical outcomes. Further large‐scaled trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of this device. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pioneer re‐entry device for iliac chronic total occlusion: Truly a Paradigm shift
Authors: Rezq Ahmed , Aprile Alessandro , Sangiorgi Giuseppe
Published: May 2011

The number of percutaneous revascularization procedures performed for symptomatic peripheral arterial disease has significantly increased over the past several years. Traditionally, the use of percutaneous techniques were limited to certain anatomic subsets, such as stenosis or focal occlusions, with surgical treatment preferred for more extensive disease. More recently, endovascular specialists are facing the challenge of peripheral chronic total occlusions. Furthermore, unlike the coronary circulation, these occlusions are often very long and associated with other features of complexity such as severe calcifications. One of the primary issues concerning these lesions is the ability to safely achieve initial angiographic success. This article focus indeed on the Pioneer catheter, a new lumen re‐entry device exploiting intravascular ultrasound imaging that was used in a case of totally occluded left common iliac artery with favorable results. The details of this technique, and how this catheter helped in re‐entering the true lumen at the aortic bifurcation after subintimal dissection, are thoroughly discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Noncalcified plaque: Relationship between results of multislice computed tomography, risk factors, and late clinical outcome
Authors: Aggarwal Niti R. , Knickelbine Thomas , Tande Aaron , Stoltzfus Luke , Lesser John R. , Schwartz Robert S.
Published: May 2011

Background: Contrast‐enhanced multislice computed tomographic angiography (MSCTA) detects noncalcified plaque (NCP) in coronary arteries and associated coronary stenoses. However, the clinical relevance of NCP is poorly defined. Objectives: Our goal was to examine the relationship NCP, risk factors (RFs), and clinical follow‐up in unselected outpatients undergoing MSCTA. Methods: Five hundred six patients undergoing contrast MSCTA were evaluated for NCP (intraluminal density 25 < Hounsfield units < 130). One hundred twenty‐four patients (24.5%) had calcium scores (CAC) of zero. Of these, 111 patients were examined for RFs and followed clinically for a mean of 34 months. Results: Of 124 patients with zero CAC, 111 (89.5%) included 52 (46.8%) with no NCP, 40 (36.0%) with NCP, and mild luminal stenosis, 14 (12.6%) and 5 (4.5%) with NCP causing significant and severe stenosis, respectively. Patients in each group were similar in age but differed significantly in number of RFs. Current or former smokers, hypertensive, and obese patients had more NCP and associated stenosis. At a mean of 34 months, there were no events in the no NCP group, 2/54 (3.7%) events in the NCP without severe stenosis group (one sudden cardiac death and one ventricular tachycardia), and 2/5 (40.0%) patients had revascularization in the NCP with severe stenosis group. Conclusions: (1) In patients with zero CAC, presence of NCP on MSCTA was associated with more RFs, especially smoking, obesity, and hypertension. (2) NCP can result in severe coronary stenosis. (3) NCP detected by MSCTA in patients with zero CAC may identify patients with late cardiac events. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mid‐term outcomes of carotid artery stenting in patients with angiographic string sign
Authors: Spacek Miloslav , Martinkovicova Lucie , Zimolova Petra , Veselka Josef
Published: May 2011

Objectives: To report on early and mid‐term outcomes of carotid artery stenting (CAS) in patients with angiographic string sign (SS). Background: Little is known about the prognosis of patients with carotid SS treated by CAS. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated early and mid‐term outcomes, together with ultrasound findings, in patients with SS treated by CAS at our institution. Results: Of 308 CAS procedures, SS was diagnosed in 6.2% (19 patients, 58% symptomatic). Carotid stent implantation was successful in 18 patients (success rate 95%). There were no peri‐procedural adverse events. One patient suffered from a transient ischemic attack during hospitalization and died of pneumonia. All remaining patients completed a 30‐day follow‐up, and no complications were reported (asymptomatic restenosis was diagnosed in 1 patient and successfully redilated). Six patients died of causes unrelated to CAS (pneumonia, decompensated heart failure, and contralateral stroke) before completing a 6‐month follow‐up. However, these patients presented with more pronounced, unfavorable clinical and angiographic characteristics compared to the rest of the patients. Conclusions: We suggest that CAS might be performed with acceptable procedural risk in patients presenting with SS, which is unsuitable for surgery. However, patients' clinical and angiographic characteristics must be carefully evaluated when considering interventional therapy, regardless of the favorable procedural outcomes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hybrid peratrial double device closure of a patent foramen ovale and sinus venosus defect in an infant with vein of galen malformation
Authors: Delaney Jeffrey W. , Thorell William E. , Hammel James M.
Published: May 2011

Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation is the most common cerebral arteriovenous malformation in children. Neurointerventional embolization has improved outcomes with this lesion. An association with cardiac defects has been recognized and can increase the risk of systemic embolic events during treatment. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to correct the cardiac defect before repair of the malformation may be associated with compromised cerebral perfusion and possible neurologic injury. We describe a successful hybrid peratrial closure of two intracardiac shunts (a patent foramen ovale and a sinus venosus ASD) before neurointervention, avoiding CPB, and eliminating the intracardiac embolic risk during treatment of the vein of Galen malformation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incidence and treatment of local stenosis or occlusion at the vascular access site leading to limb ischemia and new‐onset intermittent claudication after percutaneous interventions: Implications of Vascular Closure Devices
Authors: Klocker Josef , Gratl Alexandra , Chemelli Andreas , Moes Nicolas , Goebel Goerg , Pachinger Otmar , Jaschke Werner , Fraedrich Gustav
Published: May 2011

Objective: Vascular access site complications (ASCs) are an ongoing hazard of percutaneous interventions (PI). We analyzed incidence, indication, and results of operative repair of access site complications leading to acute limb ischemia (ALI) or new‐onset severe claudication (CI) in our institution during an 8‐year period. Methods: Retrospective analysis: demographic parameters, details of coronary or vascular intervention, use of a vascular closure device (VCD), clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy. Endpoints: perioperative outcome (death, limb loss, and need for re‐operation/intervention) and length of hospital stay. For comparison of annual operation rates, patients were grouped by the years 2001 to 2004 (no use of VCD) and 2005 to 2008 (selective use of a VCD; in all cases: Angio‐Seal), and Chi‐Square‐test was applied. Results: Fifty‐one patients (19 female; median age: 64.5 years) underwent repair of arterial ASCs causing ALI (n = 32) or new‐onset severe CI (n = 19) after 58,453 catheter interventions (overall rate: 0.087%; ALI: 0.055%; CI: 0.032%). Corresponding with more widespread VCD use, the annual number of ALI and new onset CI increased significantly (P < 0.001). Perioperative outcome: 30 day mortality was 4%. No limb loss occurred. Re‐operations were indicated in 10 patients (20%) for: hematoma (n = 5), local infection (n = 3), revision of fasciotomy (n = 1), and repeated thrombectomy (n = 1). Median length of postoperative hospital stay: 7 days (range: 1–28). Conclusion: ALI and new‐onset severe CI due to access site complications after PI are rare, however, they are potentially threatening life and limb. The use of VCDs results in an overall increase of ischemic complications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antegrade rewiring of the retrograde Corsair catheter during revascularization of chronic total coronary occlusions: A simple alternative to guidewire exteriorization
Authors: Haworth P.A.J. , Hildick‐Smith D.
Published: May 2011

Chronic total occlusions prevent a significant challenge to interventional cardiologists. Successful opening of chronically occluded vessels has been shown to be associated with decreased mortality and morbidity. Recently, the retrograde approach to chronic total occlusion intervention has been developed. In this case series, we present a novel technique to assist with this procedure involving antegrade wiring of a retrograde microcatheter. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Idiopathic mediastinal fibrosis with involvement of the pulmonary vessels and left main coronary artery
Authors: Chang Shu‐Hsuan , Shih Chia‐Wen , Lei Meng‐Huan
Published: May 2011

Idiopathic mediastinal fibrosis (IMF) is an uncommon clinical condition and the manifestations of this disease vary from a relatively benign disorder with minor symptoms to severe pulmonary vascular occlusion leading to mortality, commonly presenting a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Here, we present the case of a Taiwanese woman with obstruction of the left pulmonary veins and artery and stenosis of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) resulting from IMF. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of IMF successfully treated with percutaneous balloon angioplasty with stent placement for the LMCA stenosis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A randomized trial of intravenous N‐acetylcysteine to prevent contrast induced nephropathy in acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Jaffery Zehra , Verma Anil , White Christopher J. , Grant Arthur G. , Collins Tyrone J. , Grise Mark A. , Jenkins James S. , McMullan Paul W. , Patel Rajan A. , Reilly John P. , Thornton Stanley N. , Ramee Stephen R.
Published: May 2011

Background: Pharmacokinetic data suggests that the intravenous form of n‐acetylcysteine (NAC) may be more effective than the oral formulation in preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). NAC owing to its anti‐oxidant properties might be beneficial for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) who are at increased risk for CIN. The aim of this prospective randomized, single‐center, double‐blind, placebo controlled trial (NCT00939913) was to assess the effect of high‐dose intravenous NAC on CIN in ACS patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: We randomized 398 ACS patients scheduled for diagnostic angiography ± PCI to an intravenous regimen of high‐dose NAC (1,200 mg bolus followed by 200 mg/hr for 24 hr; n = 206) or placebo (n = 192). The primary end‐point was incidence of CIN defined as an increase in serum creatinine concentration ≥25% above the baseline level within 72 hr of the administration of intravenous contrast. Results: There was no difference found for the primary end point with CIN in 16% of the NAC group and in 13% of the placebo group (p = 0.40). Change in serum cystatin‐C, a sensitive marker for renal function, was 0.046 ± 0.204 in the NAC group and 0.002 ± 0.260 in the control group (p = 0.07). Conclusion: In ACS patients undergoing angiography ± PCI, high‐dose intravenous NAC failed to reduce the incidence of CIN. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of a mechanical perivalvular leak using real‐time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography guidance
Authors: Siddiqi Nauman , Seto Arnold , Patel Pranav M.
Published: May 2011

A 47‐year‐old female with symptomatic mitral stenosis from a prior undersized mitral annuloplasty ring underwent mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve. Later, she developed heart failure from a severe paravalvular leak (PVL). Because of the excessive mortality risks from a possible third open heart procedure, the patient was instead referred for transcatheter PVL closure. Standard fluoroscopy, invasive hemodynamics, and two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) imaging were performed during device placement with excellent image quality. The case highlights the unique benefit of 3D TEE imaging for preprocedure sizing, guidance of device deployment intraprocedure, and confirmation of PVL closure. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.