bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faedo-Galerkin approximation of mild solutions of fractional functional differential equations
Authors: Sousa J. Vanterler da C. , Fečkan Michal , de Oliveira E. Capelas
Published: February 2021

In the paper, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions of a class of fractional functional differential equations in Hilbert space separable using the Banach fixed point theorem technique. In this sense, Faedo-Galerkin approximation to the solution is studied and demonstrated some convergence results.
Ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited carriers in perovskite semiconductor nanocrystals
Authors: Yu Buyang , Zhang Chunfeng , Chen Lan , Qin Zhengyuan , Huang Xinyu , Wang Xiaoyong , Xiao Min
Published: February 2021

Perovskite semiconductor nanocrystals have emerged as a promising family of materials for optoelectronic applications including light-emitting diodes, lasers, light-to-electricity convertors and quantum light emitters. The performances of these devices are fundamentally dependent on different aspects of the excited-state dynamics in nanocrystals. Herein, we summarize the recent progress on the photoinduced carrier dynamics studied by a variety of time-resolved spectroscopic methods in perovskite nanocrystals. We review the dynamics of carrier generation, recombination and transport under different excitation densities and photon energies to show the pathways that underpin the photophysics for light-emitting diodes and solar cells. Then, we highlight the up-to-date spin dynamics and coherent exciton dynamics being manifested with the exciton fine levels in perovskite semiconductor nanocrystals which are essential for potential applications in quantum information technology. We also discuss the controversial results and the possible origins yet to be resolved. In-depth study toward a comprehensive picture of the excited-state dynamics in perovskite nanocrystals may provide the key knowledge of the device operation mechanism, enlighten the direction for device optimization and stimulate the adventure of new conceptual devices.
An Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloy in the Focus of Metallography
Authors: Fleißner-Rieger C. , Pogrielz T. , Obersteiner D. , Pfeifer T. , Clemens H. , Mayer S.
Published: February 2021

Additive manufacturing processes allow the production of geometrically complex lightweight structures with specific material properties. However, by contrast with ingot metallurgy methods, the manufacture of components using this process also brings about some challenges. In the field of microstructural characterization, where mostly very fine structures are analyzed, it is thus indispensable to optimize the classic sample preparation process and to furthermore implement additional preparation steps. This work focuses on the metallography of additively manufactured Ti‑6Al‑4V components produced in a selective laser melting process. It offers a guideline for the metallographic preparation along the process chain of additive manufacturing from the metal powder characterization to the macro- and microstructural analysis of the laser melted sample. Apart from developing preparation parameters, selected etching methods were examined with regard to their practicality.
Efficient trace-scale extraction method of reactor produced 199Au adequate for nuclear medicine applications
Authors: Attallah Mohamed F. , Shahr El-Din Ahmed M. , Gizawy Mohamed A. , Ali Amal M. I.
Published: February 2021

Production of no carrier-added (NCA) 199Au through natPt(n, γ) reaction and subsequent purification using liquid-liquid extraction from other radioisotopes is studied in the context of theranostic application. Comparative separation of NCA 199Au after dissolution of activated Pt target using three Cyanex compounds (Cyanex-272, Cyanex-302 and Cyanex-923) is evaluated. The extraction process is optimized in terms of the type of extractant, the concentration of extractant, extraction time and aqueous media (HNO3, NH4OH). Among these extractants, the Cynaex-923 is efficient and promising for rapid separation and production of NCA 199Au from HNO3 by high extraction %. Selective extraction of 199Au from other Pt and Ir radioisotopes is observed. High recovery of 199Au was obtained in the case of Cyanex-923 using 0.05 M thiourea dissolved in HCl or 2 M NaOH. Our results find the Cyanex-923 as a promising extractant for efficient separation of 199Au from irradiated Pt target with high yield (99%).
Synthesis, parameters, properties and applications of responsive molecularly imprinted microgels: a review
Authors: Ullah Burhan , Khan Shanza Rauf , Ali Sarmed , Jamil Saba
Published: February 2021

Responsive molecularly imprinted microgels (MIGs) have gained a lot of interest due to their responsive specificity and selectivity for target compounds. Study on MIGs is rapidly increasing due to their quick responsive behavior in various stimuli like pH and temperature. MIGs show unique property of morphology control on in-situ synthesis of nanoparticles in response of variation in reactant concentration. Literature related to synthesis, parameters, characterization, applications and prospects of MIGs are critically reviewed here. Range of templates, monomers, initiators and crosslinkers are summarized for designing of desired MIGs. This review article describes effect of variation in reactants combination and composition on morphology, imprinting factor and percentage yield of MIGs. Hydrolysis of similar templates using MIGs is also described. Relation between percentage hydrolysis and hydrolysis time of targets at different temperatures and template:monomer ratio is also analyzed. Possible imprinting modes of ionic/non-ionic templates and its series are also generalized on the basis of previous literature. MIGs are investigated as efficient anchoring vehicles for adsorption, catalysis, bio-sensing, drug delivery, inhibition and detection.
Investigations into the Indoor Environment and Respiratory Health in Boston Public Housing
Authors: Hynes H. Patricia , Brugge Doug , Osgood Neal-Dra , Snell John , Vallarino Jose , Spengler John
Published: February 2021

The self-reported prevalence of asthma in the United States increased by 75% from 1980 to 1994, a trend found to be significant and evident in every region of the country. The increase was most marked in children from birth to 14 years of age; and growing evidence indicates that, as with lead poisoning, inner-city and urban populations are most at risk. Attention has turned to the role of indoor environmental risk factors, especially in homes and schools. Such factors include moisture and mold growth, pest infestation, dust mites, the building envelope, heating systems, inadequate Ventilation, nitrogen dioxide, and environmental tobacco smoke. The Healthy Public Housing Initiative (HPHI) is a Boston-based communitycentered research and intervention project designed to engage Boston Housing Authority residents in a collaborative process to improve respiratory health, quality of life, building conditions, and building maintenance in public housing. This article summarizes the significant research findings from four pilot studies in housing developments that laid the foundation for the larger HPHI asthma-related environmental intervention study. The research design for the pilot projects is informed by principles of community-collaborative research. The strengths of this model of research for our work are also discussed.
Ephrem the Syrian’s Use of Beatitudes
Authors: Hayes Andrew
Published: February 2021

The poetry of Ephrem the Syrian (ca. 306–373 C. E.) shows a marked predilection for composing beatitudes, usually in the form, “Blessed is the one who . . .” Careful study of these formulas, particularly when they predominate in certain madrāšē, shows that Ephrem uses the device deliberately and creatively to signal the creator-creature polarity, and in that context, the balancing of its tension via the transference of the creature to a medial or liminal state between God and humanity. They also signal creatures’ consequent ability to mediate between God and other creatures. Ephrem carefully limits the formula to created entities and distinguishes between the epithets and concepts brīḵā and ṭūḇānā, a subtlety that has not typically, but should be, respected in English translation, because it is integral to the dynamic they express. Ephrem’s beatitudes are often associated with personification and balance. Thus, when applied to biblical entities, they form a way in which he rhetorically brings the polarity between God and man to life in his own teaching, and seeks to dramatize the experience of closeness to God in his community’s present time. A complete reference list of Ephrem’s beatitudes in his extant madrāšē is included.
Правительственный кризис в Эстонии: возможные причины и последствия
Authors: Oskolkov Petr , Mezhevich Nikolay
Published: February 2021

В записке рассматривается общественно-политический и социально- экономический контекст произошедшей в январе 2021 г. смены правительства в Эстонской Республике, его структурные предпосылки и возможные последствия для внешней и внутренней политики. Авторы предполагают, что, помимо официальной коррупционной причины, важную роль в распаде старой правящей коалиции и быстром формировании новой могло сыграть стремление избавиться от правопопулистской Эстонской консервативной народной партии как составной части политического истеблишмента. Новая коалиция позволила Центристской партии сохранить основные позиции и заручиться поддержкой более надёжного и предсказуемого партнёра – Партии реформ. Это, безусловно, будет иметь существенные последствия для внутриполитического консенсуса и внешнеполитической стратегии.
H4K20me1 and H3K27me3 are concurrently loaded onto the inactive X chromosome but dispensable for inducing gene silencing
Authors: Tjalsma Sjoerd J D , Hori Mayako , Sato Yuko , Bousard Aurelie , Ohi Akito , Raposo Ana Cláudia , Roensch Julia , Le Saux Agnes , Nogami Jumpei , Maehara Kazumitsu , Kujirai Tomoya , Handa Tetsuya , Bagés‐Arnal Sandra , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , da Rocha Simão Teixeira , Żylicz Jan J , Kimura Hiroshi , Heard Edith
Published: February 2021

During X chromosome inactivation (XCI), in female placental mammals, gene silencing is initiated by the Xist long non‐coding RNA. Xist accumulation at the X leads to enrichment of specific chromatin marks, including PRC2‐dependent H3K27me3 and SETD8‐dependent H4K20me1. However, the dynamics of this process in relation to Xist RNA accumulation remains unknown as is the involvement of H4K20me1 in initiating gene silencing. To follow XCI dynamics in living cells, we developed a genetically encoded, H3K27me3‐specific intracellular antibody or H3K27me3‐mintbody. By combining live‐cell imaging of H3K27me3, H4K20me1, the X chromosome and Xist RNA, with ChIP‐seq analysis we uncover concurrent accumulation of both marks during XCI, albeit with distinct genomic distributions. Furthermore, using a Xist B and C repeat mutant, which still shows gene silencing on the X but not H3K27me3 deposition, we also find a complete lack of H4K20me1 enrichment. This demonstrates that H4K20me1 is dispensable for the initiation of gene silencing, although it may have a role in the chromatin compaction that characterises facultative heterochromatin.
Korelasi Power Otot Tungkai, Kekuatan Otot Lengan, dan Koordinasi Mata-Tangan terhadap Ketepatan Smash Bulutangkis
Authors: Digantara Tegar , Ngadiman Ngadiman , Festiawan Rifqi , Kusuma Indra Jati , Wahono Bayu Suko
Published: February 2021

Olahraga bulutangkis memiliki beberapa teknik pukulan, salah satunya smash yang membutuhkan beberapa komponen fisik sebagai penunjang keberhasilan melakukan pukulan smash. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara power otot tungkai, kekuatan otot lengan, dan koordinasi mata tangan terhadap ketepatan smash bulutangkis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional, bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara variabel bebas power otot tungkai, kekuatan otot lengan, dan koordinasi mata tangan terhadap variabel terikat ketepatan smash. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 20 atlet anggota PB Delta Purwokerto. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi sederhana dan regresi berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh nilai koefisien korelasi hubungan power otot tungkai dengan ketepatan smash sebesar 0,571. Koefisien korelasi kekuatan otot lengan dengan ketepatan smash sebesar 0,735. Koefisien korelasi koordinasi mata tangan dengan ketepatan smash sebesar 0,520. Sedangkan hasil dari f hitung > f tabel (17,364 > 3,49) dengan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,000. Dari hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara power otot tungkai, kekuatan otot lengan, dan koordinasi mata tangan dengan ketepatan smash bulutangkis.Badminton has several hit techniques; one of them is smash which requires several physical components as a support for the success of making a smash. This study was to determine the correlation between leg muscle power, arm muscle strength and hand eye coordination on badminton smashes. This study was a correlational study and the purpose was to find out the correlation between the independent variable of leg muscle power, arm muscle strength and hand eye coordination to the dependent variable smash accuracy. This study had 20 of PB Delta Purwokerto athletes as the subjects. The researcher used product moment correlation test to analyze the data. Based on the data analysis, the correlation coefficient value between the leg muscle power and the accuracy of the smash was 0.571, the correlation coefficient between arm muscle strength and smash accuracy was 0.735, meanwhile between the hand eye coordination and smash accuracy was 0.520. The result of f > table f (17,364 > 3,49) with a probability value of 0,000. The result of the data analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation among leg muscle power, arm muscle strength, and hand eye coordination with the accuracy of badminton smashes.
The Nexus Between Financial Development, Economic Growth and Poverty Alleviation: PMG-ARDL Estimation
Authors: Korankye Benjamin , Wen Zuezhou , Appiah Michael , Antwi Louisa
Published: February 2021

This study aims to find out the connections between financial development, economic growth, and poverty using panel data from 1985 to 2017 in fourteen African countries that many previous researchers ignore. The study deploys a dynamic Granger causality test to trace the nexus between financial development, economic growth, and poverty reduction in Africa in the long run. First, the upshots suggest a gross domestic product, gross capital formation, price of household consumption, and government expenditure substantially impacting poverty. Besides that, the result also shows a bi-directional in the long run using a PMG estimator. The findings broadly support the view that there is a stable, short-run relationship between financial development, economic growth, and poverty in the error correction terms. However, other variables show no causal relationship in the short run. In practicality, this study suggested some policy implications and supported governmental policies to reduce economic hardship on financial institutions.JEL Classification: G10, O47, I39, C33How to Cite:Korankye, B., Wen, X., Appiah, M., & Antwi, L. (2021). The Nexus Between Financial Development, Economic Growth, and Poverty Alleviation: PMG-ARDL Estimation. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 20(1), 1 – 12. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.15908.
Management of Character Education in Discipline Development
Authors: Marpaung Halomoan , Trisnamansyah Sutaryat , Insan Husen Saeful , Warta Waska
Published: February 2021

The development of social, cultural and economic forms of human growth today is based on character development as an inseparable part of every human individual. Management of Character Education Management in Discipline Development is part of forming human resources towards sustainable life. Resume & Eulogy Theory as the basis of research. Qualitative method through a process of observation, documentation and interviews developed with a triangulation system. Research questions 1) How is Character Education Planning in Discipline Development; 2) How to Organize Character Education in Discipline Development; 3) How is the Implementation of Character Education in Discipline Development; 4)) How to Supervise Character Education in Discipline Development. The results showed that the Character Education Planning in Discipline Development is defined as an attitude in which the development of knowledge, attitudes and skills is balanced. In the process of organizing all the components of the work unit structure in governance put forward the goal of building the character of the discipline itself. Implementation, the form of development of the educational implementation process leads to the formation of discipline in line with the basic goals of education. Supervision is arranged in line with the planning that human resources aim at achieving its goals.
Ziswaf Role in the Formation of Justice of the Muslim Redistributive
Authors: Sholihah Nurlailiyah Aidatus , Suhendar Fikry Ramadhan
Published: February 2021

Ownership in Islam is essentially belongs to God and man is merely a surrogate recipient of Him. Everything that God entrusted to man should be put to good use in order to create a justice that is the core of Maqasid ash-Shari'ah. To create the justice, Islam requires that every Muslim who is able to issue a charity. With the obligation to pay zakat is expected to reduce the inequities that exist in society. In the economic field, the Muslim economists have different models related to the role of zakat to achieve justice. This article aims to explain some of the models as expressed by Chapra, Choudury and other economists. The method used in this paper is a descriptive analytical method, where the authors will describe the models offered by economists for analysis to obtain the proper model as a solution if it can be applied in Indonesia. Data obtained by the literature search, which the authors seek the literature relating to the charity as well as the opinions of economists in overcoming injustice in society. According to Chapra there are four aspects to realize maqashid mutually reinforcing and can give effect to the allocation and distribution of existing resources. in which authors seek the literature relating to the charity as well as the opinions of economists in overcoming injustice in society. According to Chapra there are four aspects to realize maqashid mutually reinforcing and can give effect to the allocation and distribution of existing resources. in which authors seek the literature relating to the charity as well as the opinions of economists in overcoming injustice in society. According to Chapra there are four aspects to realize maqashid mutually reinforcing and can give effect to the allocation and distribution of existing resources.
Inelastic behavior and destruction of materials under isothermal and non-isothermal, simple and complex loads
Authors: Bondar V. S , Abashev D. R
Published: February 2021

The paper deals with mathematical modeling of inelastic behavior and destruction of structural materials (steels and alloys) under simple, complex, isothermal and non-isothermal loads in repeated and long-term exposures to thermomechanical loads. The modeling is carried out on the basis of the applied theory of inelasticity, which belongs to the class of flow theories in combined hardening. The main provisions are formulated and a summary of the main equations of the applied theory of inelasticity is given. The material functions closing the applied theory of inelasticity are determined, and the connection of the defining functions with the material ones is given. Further, the results of some original experimental studies are considered, which are compared with the results of calculations based on the applied theory of inelasticity. In all studies, inelastic deformation is performed under conditions repeated and long-term exposures to thermomechanical loads. Inelastic deformation of AL-25 aluminum alloy samples under uniaxial tension-compression under both isothermal and non-isothermal cyclic loading is considered. Inelastic deformation under complex loading along the two-link polyline deformation paths with different deformation rates under high temperature conditions is studied on tubular 30HGSA alloy samples. Inelastic deformation of tubular stainless steel 304 samples under complex loading at elevated temperatures is considered. Soft cyclic loading is performed along two-link stress trajectories with different fracture angles. At the end of the links of the stress trajectory, exposure is carried out for 8 hours. The results of the calculations based on various theories used in the calculations are analyzed. Inelastic deformation and destruction of samples made of 12X18N9 stainless steel under rigid cyclic deformation under both isothermal and non-isothermal loads is considered. The duration of the loading cycle is 4 minutes, which allowed the effects of healing and embrittlement to appear at a high temperature. There is a significant difference (much higher) in the number of cycles to failure in common-phase and anti-phase modes of changes in force strain and temperature.
Damage development under very-high-cycle fatigue regime
Authors: Nikitin I. S , Nikitin A. D , Stratula B. A
Published: February 2021

A method of testing metallic materials using piezoelectric elements under very-high-cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime is described in the paper. The scheme and structure of a high-frequency fatigue machine are discussed. For the experiments, the first mode of resonant longitudinal vibrations is calculated, corresponding to the natural frequency of the cylindrical corset sample. The results of some experiments on very-high-cycle fatigue fracture of VT3-1 titanium alloy samples at various stress ratio coefficients are presented. Mathematical modeling of the process of fatigue damages development in VHCF is carried out. For this, a bimodal representation of the fatigue curve is used. This bimodal representation contains two branches: the left branch corresponds to the classical low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue modes, and the right branch describes the very-high-cycle fatigue regime. On this basis, a kinetic model was built, associated with the known criterion of multiaxial fatigue fracture SWT, which contains a mechanism associated with the development of normal opening microcracks. This kinetic model of damage development can be used to calculate various modes of fatigue failure from low-cycle to very-high-cycle fatigue. On the basis of this model, a numerical method of solving the evolutionary equation for the damage function has been developed. The fatigue fracture of the material in this model corresponds to the degradation of its elastic moduli due to an increase of the damage function. Calculations of the crack-like zones development for fatigue fracture in the titanium corset specimens at different stress ratio coefficients for cyclic loading, used in the tests on a piezoelectric machine, was fulfilled. To test the performance of the model, a comparison between the experimental and calculated fatigue curves in the region of the VHCF was carried out.
On the specifics of behavior of the sandwich plate composite facing layers under local loading
Authors: Paimushin V. N , Kayumov R. A , Shakirzyanov F. R , Kholmogorov S. A
Published: February 2021

The problem of a four-point bending of sandwich plates with external layers of a fiber reinforced plastic is considered, the results of numerical and experimental studies are presented. It is shown that in the vicinity of the loading roller, which exerts a local effect on the external layer, there is a strong decrease in the transverse shear secant modulus of fiber reinforced plastic with an increase in the transverse shear strains. The numerical solution of the problem of the plate bending is carried out in a physically and geometrically nonlinear formulation using various relations of the finite element method, two variants of geometrically nonlinear kinematic relations of the equations of the elasticity theory and different variants of the loading process parameter. Along with the classical nonlinear relations, the problem solutions are also constructed on the basis of consistent relations between strains and displacements, the use of which allows one to avoid the appearance occurrence of false bifurcation points. The results of the numerical calculations obtained with different methods and use of different ratios are presented, the analysis of which showed their small difference. It was revealed that the stability loss and failure of the external layers of a sandwich plate occurs due to the stability loss in the nonclassical transverse-shear mode. To determine the ultimate load, which is accompanied with a loss of strength of the external loaded layer, the Tsai-Wu criterion was used. A comparative analysis of the behavior of the plate external layers at different thicknesses and different diameters of the loading roller is carried out. It is shown that the ultimate load is practically not affected by the roller diameter, while the load at which the external layer loses its stability, is very sensitive to a change in its value.
Propagation of non-stationary antisymmetric kinematic perturbations from a spherical cavity in Cosserat medium
Authors: Tarlakovskii D. V , Nguyen Van Lam
Published: February 2021

We consider a space filled with a linearly elastic Cosserat medium with a spherical cavity under given nonstationary antisymmetric surface perturbations, which are understood as the corresponding analogue of classical antiplane deformations. The motion of a medium is described by a system of three equations with respect to nonzero components of the displacement vector and potentials of the rotation field, written in a spherical coordinate system with the origin at its center of the cavity. The initial conditions are assumed to be zero. To solve the problem, we use decomposition of functions to Legendre and Gegenbauer polynomials, as well as the Laplace transform in time. As a result, the problem is reduced to independent systems of ordinary differential equations with the Laplace operator for the coefficients of the series. A statement about the structure of the general solution of this system is formulated. Images of the series coefficients are presented in the form of linear combinations of boundary conditions with coefficients - transformants of surface influence functions, the explicit formulas for which include the Bessel functions of a half-integer index. Due to the complexity of these expressions, to determine the originals in the linear approximation, the method of a small parameter is used, which is taken as a coefficient characterizing the relationship between the displacement and rotation fields. Then, taking into account the connection between the Bessel functions and elementary functions, the images are written in the form of linear combinations of exponentials with coefficients - rational functions of the transformation parameter. The further procedure for inverting the Laplace transform is carried out using residues. It is shown that there are three wave fronts corresponding to a shear wave modified with allowance for free rotation and two rotation waves. Examples of calculations for a granular composite of aluminum shot in an epoxy matrix are presented.
Finite element method with account of singularity for mixed mode cracks
Authors: Tartygasheva A. M , Shlyannikov V. N , Tumanov A. V
Published: February 2021

The paper deals with obtaining an analytical solution for stiffness matrix coefficients at a crack tip area for mixed mode cracks in plane strain conditions. The numerical study is focused on an infinite plate with a straight-through central crack under mixed loading. Analytical solutions are obtained as kinematic boundary conditions for plane strain. We analyzed distribution features of the stress-strain state fields and stress intensity coefficients at the top of the crack area, determined using the finite element method taking into account the singularity. The analytical formulas are obtained which set the kinematic conditions for a general and special case of loading a plate with a defect in the elastic setting for the case of plane deformation. The comparative analysis of the numerical results is presented for two cases of forming the design diagram of the top of the crack: the traditional method of creating a mathematical cut and the finite element method taking into account the singularity. The advantage of using the finite element method considering the singularity is found. We used an example of a plate with a through straight rectilinear central crack with the equal biaxial tension to show that setting the boundary conditions at the top of the crack taking into account the singularity allows one to significantly reduce dimensions of a calculation scheme of the finite element method and keep the calculation accuracy. It is concluded that such a formulation can be applied in an elastic-plastic formulation. The comparison between the classical finite element solution and finite element with singularity is presented. The convenience of the finite element method with singular boundary conditions is demonstrated.
Actual issues of lipid centers’ operation in Russian Federation
Authors: Boytsov S. , Katapano A. , Barbarash O. , Yezhov M. , Meshkov A. , Voevoda M. , Gurevich V. , Kashtalap V. , Duplyakov D. , Vezikova N. , Sadykova D.
Published: February 2021

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CoCrMo alloy as biomaterial for bone reconstruction in oral and maxillofacial surgery: A scoping review.
Authors:   Bioimplants Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Entre Rios, Argentina., Zuchuat Jésica , Cura Andrea ,   Laboratorio de Neurobiología Experimental, FB-UNER, Gualeguaychú, Argentina., Manzano Adriana ,   Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y de Transferencia Tecnológica para la Producción (CICyTTP- CONICET), Argentina., Decco Oscar ,   Bioimplants Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Entre Rios, Argentina.
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes: La osteointegración ha permitido un gran avance en biomateriales y técnicas, y ha contribuido un mayor uso de implantes dentales. Sin embargo, la existencia de un nivel óseo insuficiente es un problema frecuente y crea una base anatómicamente menos favorable para la colocación de implantes. El primer procedimiento quirúrgico debe comprender la reconstrucción de la altura del hueso alveolar. Las aleaciones de CoCrMo se consideran hoy en día como materiales altamente resistentes a la corrosión y biocompatibles en odontología y, por lo tanto, se ha sugerido como un biomaterial adecuado para la regeneración ósea guiada y la ingeniería de tejidos. Objetivo: Determinar el uso de la aleación CoCrMo para dispositivos implantables en cirugía oral y maxilofacial y discutir sobre el potencial de esta aleación para la regeneración y reparación ósea a través de una revisión de alcance. Material y Métodos: La búsqueda se realizó utilizando varias bases de datos, incluidas PubMed, Thomson Reuters y Scopus. Se seleccionó literatura inglesa relacionada con estudios que informan sobre las propiedades de CoCrMo y los procesos de fabricación y los hallazgos relacionados con las técnicas de formación de huesos. Los datos se compararon cualitativamente. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 90 estudios según los criterios de inclusión. y se reportaron diferentes técnicas de fabricación y sus ventajas relacionadas con propiedades mecánicas, químicas y biocompatibles. Conclusión: Las reacciones tisulares mejoradas de los dispositivos de implante CoCrMo pueden adquirirse mediante la aplicación de nuevas técnicas y modificaciones de la superficie. Además, varios procesos han demostrado mejorar la biocompatibilidad in vitro e in vivo de la aleación CoCrMo para promover la unión, proliferación y diferenciación guiada de las células de siembra.
The Effectiveness of Teaching with Worksheets Enriched with Concept Cartoons in Science Teaching Laboratory Applications
Authors: YURTYAPAN Emine , KANDEMİR Nezahat
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research is to examine the effects of worksheets enriched with concept cartoons used in the teaching of Science Teaching Laboratory Applications-II course on the academic success and metacognition skill levels of science prospective teachers. The study was carried out using semi-experimental design. The sample of the study, science prospective teachers studying at the 3rd grade at a state university in Turkey, was composed of the experimental group (N = 37) and control group (N = 42), including 79 participants in total. The data were obtained by applying "Academic Achievement Test" and "Metacognitive Activities Inventory". In the analysis of the data, paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test, frequency and percentage calculations were carried out using a suitable statistical program. As a result of the research, although there was an increase in the academic success and metacognition skill level of the prospective teachers who were taught with worksheets enriched with concept cartoons, this increase did not create a statistically significant difference between both groups. This may be due to the fact that science pre-service teachers are not accustomed to the teaching practice and the duration of the research is limited for the development of metacognitive skills. Therefore, the applications of different special education methods and techniques used in science education should be demonstrated in the education faculties within the scope of this course. Thus, it can be ensured that prospective teachers' knowledge about special teaching methods and techniques are not only theoretical but also practical.
The effectiveness of the prevention of the bone cement implantation syndrome during hip arthroplasty
Authors: Sokolov Sergey V. , Zabolotsky D. V. , Koriachkin V. A.
Published: February 2021

Objective. Evaluation of the effectiveness of drug prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome in hip joint arthroplasty.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 400 medical records of patients who underwent hip arthroplasty was performed. In the main group (n = 200), the prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome was carried out using popular drugs (mafusol, reamberin, antihistamines, glucocorticoids). In the control group (n = 200), these drugs were not used. Blood pressure, heart rate, blood saturation were evaluated intraoperatively. In the postoperative period, fixed complications associated with anesthesia and surgery.

Results. The volume of intraoperative blood loss, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and blood saturation in the main and control groups did not have significant differences. At the stage of cementing the bone canal, hypotension developed in 95% and 95.5% of cases, respectively. 2 patients (1.0%) of the first group developed a stress-related ulcer bleeding on the 3rd day of the postoperative period, one patient (0.5%) had an Ischemic stroke on the 5th day after the operation, in three patients (1.5%) atrial fibrillation paroxysm during the week after surgery. Three (1.5%) patients developed a skin allergic reaction to reamberin. In the second group, there were two cases (1.0%) of Ischemic stroke within a week after surgery and one cases (0.5%) of acute myocardial infarction on the 5th day after surgical treatment.

Conclusion. There is no need for intraoperative drug prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome. Additional pharmacological load increases the risk of side effects and complications.
The use of epidural morphine in patients with severe traumatic injury
Authors: Sholin Ivan Y. , Ezugbaia B. S. , Avetisyan V. A. , Koriachkin V. A. , Zhikharev V. A.
Published: February 2021

Objective. Assessment of the efficacy and safety of epidural morphine in patients with severe concomitant injury.

Material and methods. 70 patients with severe combined injury (1745 points for ISS) were divided into two groups: in group 1 (n = 37), 2 mg of morphine was administered epidurally followed by morphine infusion 0.4 mg / h, in the 2nd group (n = 33), intravenous administration of fentanyl was used at a rate of 50100 g / h. The level of pain syndrome was assessed by a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) at rest and with activation were recorded, the gas composition of the blood (pH, SaO2, PaCO2) was measured, and the vital capacity (VC) was measured. The evaluation of delirium was carried out according to the RASS and CAM-ICU scales. In addition, they recorded the frequency of itching.

Results. The intensity of a pain syndrome at rest was more expressed at patients of the 2nd group (p 0.05). Against the background of activation of 10,8% of patients of the 1st group and 36,4% of patients of the 2nd group experienced a pain syndrome intensity of 47 points on VAS. In patients of the 2nd group, with activation, there was an increase (p 0.05) in the indices of MAP and HR. VC in patients of the 1st group was 45.4 5.8%, in the 2nd 41.3 4.7% (p 0.005). Patients of the 1st group had a lower level of PaCO2 (p 0.05) compared with the 2nd group. Postoperative delirium developed in the 1st group in 16.2%, in the 2nd in 30.3% of patients (p 0.05). Pruritus occurred in the 1st group at 21.6% and was absent in the group with systemic administration of opioids. Opioid-induced ileus, nausea and vomiting in the 1st group were not recorded, in the 2nd group were noted in 18.2% and in 9.1% of cases (p 0.05), respectively.

Conclusion. The use of epidural morphine in patients with severe traumatic injury effective pain relief was observed, not accompanied by of the respiratory depression and changes in blood gas composition. Epidural administration of morphine in patients undergoing massive blood loss and hemorrhagic shock was not accompanied by arterial hypotension. Effective anesthesia contributed to reducing the incidence of postoperative complications.
Is an Earthquake Felt Inside a Car?
Authors: Sbarra Paola , Tosi Patrizia , De Rubeis Valerio , Sorrentino Diego
Published: February 2021

The analysis of how an earthquake is felt was addressed with the data provided by citizens through a website dedicated to the perception of earthquakes in Italy (Data and Resources). The analysis focused on the perception of earthquakes by observers inside both parked and moving cars. These situations were compared with outdoor ones. The felt percentage of each situation was quantified for epicentral distance ranges and European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) degree. One of the main findings was the greatest sensitivity to shaking for people inside parked cars due to resonance phenomena of the automobile–observer system. The distribution of the intensity of perception in the car was analyzed as a function of the hypocentral distance and the magnitude of the earthquake. It was possible to define the attenuation trends of these intensities. The comparison of these trends with those of the equations for estimation of response spectral ordinates allowed us to have an evaluation of the frequency values of the seismic waves that caused the vibrations felt, which were found to agree with the typical frequencies of the car–observer system, as highlighted by independent studies. The results of this analysis show the possibility to include the perception of the earthquake inside a parked and moving car among the diagnostics used in the definition of macroseismic intensity degree of the EMS.
Current opportunities of inhaled corticosteroid therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Leshchenko I. V. , Meshcheryakova A. S.
Published: February 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of death in the structure of respiratory diseases. The problem of rational pharmacotherapy of COPD have attracted attention of the medical scientific society for many years. The understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease has deepened and approaches to the therapy have changed. Some COPD patients need regular fixed-combination therapy: long-acting bronchodilators (LABD) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in order to prevent exacerbations and reduce the severity of symptoms of the disease. Blood eosinophils count is one of criteria for choosing regular therapy. The appearance of fixed triple combinations of ICS/LABD increased the effectiveness of COPD therapy, and a new delivery device for fixed combination of budesonide/formoterol makes it possible to use ICS successfully in the most severe patients.
Pharmacological drug interactions in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in hospital settings (based on electronic databases of reported drug interactions)
Authors: Zhukova O. V. , Khoroshavina E. S. , Ruina O. V. , Khazov M. V.
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of a study of potential drug interactions in the treatment of moderate and severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospital settings. The study was conducted by analysis of treatment standards and data from real clinical practice regarding antimicrobial therapy. Methods. The study used the lists of drug products for medical use for the treatment of CAP (according to the standards of specialized medical care for moderate and severe CAP with complications). Also, the medical records of patients (n = 165) with CAP, hospitalized in hospitals of medical organizations (Nizhny Novgorod) were used. The study period was 2 years (2015 - 2016). The study included all patients admitted to the hospital during the analyzed period. CAP was treated in accordance with treatment standards. Results. The analysis of potential interactions of drugs used for moderate and severe CAP according to the treatment standards, showed that 27 and 72 drugs can be used, respectively. 325 potential interactions are possible in hospital settings for moderate CAP and 2,485 for severe CAP. According to the treatment standard, the number of minimally clinically significant potential interactions during the pharmacotherapy of moderate CAP in hospital settings is 8, the number moderately clinically significant interactions - 19; undesirable interactions - 7. In case of severe CAP, the number of potential interactions increases and amounts to 27 minimally clinically significant, 105 moderately clinically significant, and 41 undesirable. The analysis of the results of antimicrobial therapy in real clinical practice showed 4 therapeutic duplications (prescribing 2 β-lactam antibacterial drugs simultaneously) and 2 moderately clinically significant interactions during antimicrobial therapy in hospital 1. Only 1 therapeutic duplication was noted during antimicrobial therapy in hospital 2. Therapeutic overlap has been found between β-lactam antibacterial drugs (ceftaroline fosamil and meropenem). It is advisable to prescribe no more than one в-lactam antibacterial drug and it is inappropriate to include > 3 antimicrobial drugs in an antimicrobial regimen. Conclusion. Electronic databases simplify the selection of medicines and thus ensure the safe and effective use of registered drug interactions.
Autonomous Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic: Students’ Objectives and Preferences
Authors: Ariebowo Teguh
Published: February 2021

Students’ voices remain one of the essential sources to evaluate and develop learning materials in which students as the center. This study attempts to evaluate the current English teaching and learning process in a school of aerospace technology. The researcher felt the urge to evaluate it since the teaching and learning process suddenly turned the direction into online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic globally. Specifically, this study explored the students’ objectives and preferences in learning English during the current situation. Initially, the researcher asked students in one of his classes randomly to be interviewed as the study's preliminary data. A questionnaire was developed from the interview to survey all students of his classes, with 166 students in total. Besides interviews and questionnaires, the data were also collected from the documentation owned by the academic affairs. From the data, it was found that students were basically aware of their learning objectives that corresponded positively to the curriculum developer's objectives. Their preferences in online learning showed how autonomous they were as English learners. However, some findings from the documentation indicated criticism to the teachers that revealed another learner autonomy level.
Determining the association between socio-demographic profile and difficulties encountered during fixation of trochanteric fractures with proximal femoral nailing operated in the department of orthopedics at Dr RPGMC Kangra at Tanda
Authors: Dua Sunny , Thakur Lokesh , Singh Sarvesh Kumar , Kumar Devinder , Awasthi Bhanu
Published: February 2021

Background: Trochanteric fractures are one of the commonest fractures seen in elderly people. We conducted a study association between socio-demographic profile and difficulties encountered during fixation of trochanteric fractures with proximal femoral nailing (PFN) operated in the department of orthopedics at Dr RPGMC Kangra at Tanda.

Methods: This study was conducted on patients presenting to the department of orthopedics at Dr RPGMC Tanda with trochanteric fractures and fulfilling the criteria and studied for a period of one year starting from the date of study. The patients were clinically evaluated at the time of admission. Demographic data of the patients such as age, sex, pre-operative mobility status, pre-existing co-morbidities, type of fracture/fracture classification, degree of osteoporosis (measured by Singh’s index) were noted.

Results: Comparison of age of the patients in which difficulties encountered was comparable to the patients in which no difficulties encountered (p=0.562) 57% (n=33/58) of the patients in which no difficulties encountered were males. Sex-based distribution was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.480). 93% (n=54/58) of the patients in which no difficulties encountered belonged to rural areas. Residence-based distribution was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.506).

Conclusions: In this study, we observed that technical difficulty in PFN can arise in any patient irrespective of their age, sex and socioeconomic status.
BRCA1 and Ki-67 in breast cancer: A review
Authors: Krishnamurthy Bhavani , Sibby Minnu , Banu Nafeesa , Srinivasan Sowmya
Published: February 2021

Breast cancer has become one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among female population both in developing and developed countries. Research also suggests the rising rate of breast cancer every year. Various advancements and research in this field has led to the discovery of both sporadic and genetic susceptibility prevailing in persons who develop this cancer. Even though various immunohistochemical(IHC) markers are being used in the workup of breast cancer, none of them is found to be totally effective in predicting the prognosis of the patient. It is known that BRCA mutations are associated with breast cancers and the protein expression of BRCA1 in breast cancer can be identified by IHC. Hence, the purpose of this review is to highlight the role of BRCA1 and KI-67 as diagnostic and prognostic IHC markers in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most leading causes of death in female population. BRCA1 and Ki-67 protein expression can be used to assess the grade of tumour and thereby predict the prognosis of the patient. Incorporating these markers along with existing hormone receptor workup can help in better approach in dealing with breast cancer.