bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing Entrepreneurial Spirit Based on Local Wisdom
Authors: Ahsan Muhamad , Thoyib Armanu , Sudiro Achmad , Indrawati Nur Khusniyah
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this paper is to explore of entrepreneurial spirit development at the Pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) Sunan Drajat which led by Kyai Abdul Ghofur in local setting one of Islamic propagator legends in Indonesia, Sunan Drajat. The research method used ethnography approach. The techniques of collecting data used were participant observation, interview and focus group discussion. Techniques of analyzing data used were content analysis of interview, domain analysis, taxonomy analysis, component analysis and finding culture themes. The findings are entrepreneurial spirit development at the Pesantren Sunan Drajat has been inspired by catur piwulang philosophy as the core in giving spirit to the students and local communities. The entrepreneurial spirit development has produced a distinctive model in preparing Islamic entrepreneur generations for the future. As practical implication, the findings can be used as reference to develop entrepreneurial development especially at pesantren in Indonesia. The model also can be used to motivate another pesantren to develop an institution through the local economic based activities to become autonomous institution and not depend on other parties. Originality of this research is to reveal the leadership role and local wisdom in developing entrepreneurial spirit at the Pesantren Sunan Drajat and the community surrounding.
Acute pancreatitis after upper endoscopy
Authors: Wu Patrick , Hubbard Hope
Published: September 2016

A 50-year-old man with child’s A cirrhosis from steatohepatitis presented for a routine upper endoscopy to screen for gastro-esophageal varices. He subsequently developed acute pancreatitis after this procedure. Here we report a case of acute pancreatitis occurring as a rare complication after an uneventful, diagnostic upper endoscopy. A review of the literature as well as possible etiologic factors are described.
Genotype by environment interaction of “carioca” seeded common bean advanced lines in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Pereira Helton Santos , Alvares Renata Cristina , Melo Leonardo Cunha , Costa Antônio Félix da , Carvalho Hélio Wilson Lemos de , Faria Luís Cláudio de , Souza Thiago Livio Pessoa Oliveria de
Published: September 2016

The objectives of the present work were to identify common bean lines with high grain yield, adaptability and stability; stratify the environment; and detect the most important factors for the genotype by environment (G×E) interaction in northeastern Brazil. Nineteen experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with three replications during the rainy growing season at 11 locations in the States of Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia in 2009 and 2010. In each experiment, 16 “carioca” seeded lines were evaluated, and the grain yield, assessed. Data were subjected to analyses of variance and adaptability and stability by the methodologies of Annicchiarico and Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI), analysis of the factors for environmental stratification and joint analysis with decomposition of the G×E interaction in genotype by year and genotype by location. According to the AMMI method, BRS Estilo and CNFC 11951 were selected as stable high-yielding lines. CNFC 11954, IPR Juriti, CNFC 11948 and BRS Estilo were identified as stable high-yielding lines based on the methodology of Annicchiarico. BRS Estilo was identified as stable according to both methodologies and was therefore considered suitable for growth in the Northeast region for use as a parent line in regional breeding programs. The locations in this region used to test the common bean lines were informative, except Carira, which could be eliminated from the assay network. Interaction among genotypes, locations and years were observed, suggesting that assessments shoud be conducted at the largest number of locations and years, in this order of importance.
Leaf anatomy of emerald grass submitted to quantitative application of herbicides
Authors: Marques Renata Pereira , Martins Dagoberto , Rodella Roberto Antonio , Costa Saulo Italo Almeida , Vitorino Hermeson Dos Santos
Published: September 2016

The aim of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied in post-emergence on Zoysia japonica Steud (Poaceae) and determine associations with the leaf anatomy of this grass. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments were the application of the herbicides bentazon (720 g ha-1), nicosulfuron (50 g ha-1), halosulfuron (112.5 g ha-1), oxadiazon (875 g ha-1) and 2.4-D (698 g ha-1), plus a control treatment without herbicide application. Phytotoxicity was assessed every seven days after application (DAA) of the herbicides until the symptoms disappeared. Foliar anatomical analyses of the leaves in the collected grass were conducted until the 35th DAA. The quantitative characters of the keel and wing region of the blade of Z. japonica were assessed, as well as the biometric characters, which were submitted to an analysis of variance F test, and the averages were compared by Tukey’s test at a probability of 5%. The values of the anatomical characters of the foliar blade were tested by cluster analysis. The application of herbicides did not negatively influence the height of the plants but did reduce their dry mass. Toxic symptoms disappeared after 21 DAA, with the only symptoms of injury observed in plants treated with the herbicides oxadiazon and nicosulfuron. In addition, the cluster analysis indicated the formation of a unique discriminatory group. Thus, the results show that the herbicides applied to Z. japonica were selective for the species.
Risk factors associated with BoHV-1 and BVDV seropositivity in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from the State of Paraiba, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Leise Gomes , Pimenta Carla Lauise Rodrigues Menezes , Pituco Edviges Maristela , Brasil Arthur Willian de Lima , Azevedo Sérgio Santos de
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BoHV-1) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infections in buffaloes in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil, using 136 female buffaloes ? 24 months old from 14 herds. For the serological diagnosis of the BoHV-1 and BVDV infections, the virus-neutralization test (VN) was used and in each herd, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied in order to obtain data to be used in the risk factor analysis. Of the 136 animals 86 (63.2%) were positive for BoHV-1 and 12 (8.8%) for BVDV. The presence of watering points (odds ratio = 17.68; 95% CI = 3.74 – 83.04) was identified as risk factor for BoHv-1, and animal purchasing was a risk factor for both BoHV-1 (odds ratio = 68.64; 95% CI = 12.28 – 383.73) and BVDV (odds ratio = 3.64; 95% CI = 1.04 – 12.76). The results from the present study showed an evidence of the presence of BoHV-1 and BVDV infections in buffaloes from the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. It is suggested that control and prevention measures should be adopted, such as the use of diagnostic tests prior to animal purchasing and the use of vaccines to avoid the introduction of infected animals into the herds and the consequent dissemination of the infections, minimizing economic losses.
Prevalence and risk factors for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease in the canine population of the tourist city of Ibiúna, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Mascolli Roberta , Soto Francisco Rafael Martins , Pinheiro Sônia Regina , Ito Fumio Honma , Gil Aline , Azevedo Sérgio Santos de , Lima Valéria Marçal Félix de , Langoni Hélio , Fernandes Annielle Regina da Fonseca , Vasconcellos Silvio Arruda
Published: September 2016

The aims of the study were to determine the seroprevalence of leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, and to determine the risk factors associated with seropositivity in dogs in the tourist city of Ibiúna, São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 570 blood samples of dogs were collected from four regions in the 48 districts of the municipality, from September 2007 to March 2008, and submitted for serological examination. Laboratory diagnosis of leishmaniasis and Chagas disease was performed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. Of the 570 animals examined, 13 (2.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2%-3.8%) were seropositive for leishmaniasis, and 35 (6.1%; 95% CI = 4.3%-8.3%) were seropositive for Chagas disease. A risk factor associated with seropositivity for Chagas disease in dogs was residence in a region with a predominance of small farms generally used for subsistence planting and leisure and surrounded by forest areas (odds ratio = 4.20). By contrast, there were no risk factors identified for leishmaniasis, leading us to conclude that leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are present in dogs in the tourist city of Ibiúna, São Paulo; however, additional studies are needed in order to fully define the risk factors associated with disease in this municipality.
Pregnancy rate evaluation in lactating and non-lactating Nelore cows subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination using injectable progesterone
Authors: Campos Jefferson Tadeu , Morotti Fábio , Bergamo Larissa Zamparone , Costa Camila Bortoliero , Seneda Marcelo Marcondes
Published: September 2016

Most fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols utilize progesterone (P4) as a hormonal source to achieve synchronization of estrus in cattle. The use of an injectable P4 source to control estrus would be an interesting pharmacological strategy owing to the practicality of parenteral application. However, the effects of injectable P4 on estrus cycle control in cattle remain poorly studied. In particular, no existing studies have investigated the effect of injectable P4 on the fertility of cows subjected to FTAI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy rate of lactating and non-lactating Nelore cows subjected to FTAI with injectable P4. Of the 422 non-lactating cows in this study, 162 (38.3%) became pregnant by 60 days post-FTAI. In the lactating group (n = 516), 166 (32.1%) were pregnant by 60 days after treatment with injectable P4. The proportions of lactating and non-lactating cows becoming pregnant were compared using the chi-square test, adopting a significance level of P < 0.05. It was found that the pregnancy rate of the cows subjected to FTAI with injectable P4 was influenced by lactation status. Lactating cows had lower reproductive performance, possibly because of their higher nutritional requirements. However, the use of injectable P4 shows promising results and may prove to be a useful strategy in large-scale livestock production.
Isolation of dermatophytes from 50 asymptomatic domestic cats treated at the Federal University of Mato Grosso Veterinary – Hospital in Cuiabá, MT
Authors: Lima Samara Rosolem , Silva Wagner Aparecido da , Silveira Marcelo Marques da , Neves Rita de Cássia Da Silva Machado , Dutra Valéria , Sousa Valéria Régia Franco
Published: September 2016

Dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm, is a zoonotic disease caused by complex fungi that grow as hyphae and attach to the skin, hair and nails or claws. About 40 species of fungi of the genera Microsporum spp., Trichophyton spp. and Epidermophyton spp. are considered dermatophytes, and Microsporum canis is the genus most commonly isolated from cats. This study investigated the occurrence of dermatophytes in cats without clinical signs of skin diseases. The study involved the physical examination of 50 clinically healthy cats and the collection of samples for direct examination and fungal culture at a university veterinary hospital. The resulting data were evaluated by the chi-square association test. Of the 50 cats, 11 (22%) presented dermatophytes, with a predominance of Microsporum spp. The other 39 animals were diagnosed for non-dermatophytic fungi. Sex, breed and the presence of contactants showed no statistical difference, although there was a predominance of adult animals. The high dermatophyte infection rate confirms that cats without clinical signs can harbor these fungi, acting as asymptomatic carriers, contaminating the environment and increasing the infection rate. This study confirms that cats without clinical signs can be carriers of ringworm, which underscores the importance of the adoption of control methods even for clinically healthy animals.
Bovine brucellosis: epidemiological situation in Brazil and disease control initiatives
Authors: Clementino Inácio José , Azevedo Sérgio Santos de
Published: September 2016

Bovine brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus is present throughout Brazil, whose prevalence distribution shows variations among states and within the productive areas of the states, causing serious losses to cattle production and public health due to risk of transmission to humans. Therefore, since 2001, the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT) is being implemented in all Federative Units of Brazil, based on the compulsory vaccination of bovine females, control of animal movement and certification of brucellosis-free herds. This review covers the current epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, issues related to public health and economic importance, as well as Brazilian initiatives to control the disease.
Characters of Pennisetum spp. used for the initial selection in the genetic improvement program for elephant grass
Authors: Silva Maria Conceição , Santos Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos , Lira Mário De Andrade , Mello Alexandre Carneiro Leão de , Dubeux Jr. José Carlos Batista , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo , Melo Wellington Samay de , Carvalho Luiz Felipe Pereira Borba
Published: September 2016

The present study was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Agronomical Institute of Pernambuco (IPA) in Itambé-PE to analyse different characters for the initial selection of Pennisetum spp. clones based on the coefficient of repeatability and the number of measurements required to predict their genotypic values (with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.80). Considering the high number of genotypes in Phase I of the genetic improvement program and the requirement to reduce this number before progression to Phase II, it is relevant to identify characters with high genotypic values, which are easy to measure or acquire and that can be used in the initial selection. Therefore, we chose to evaluate the coefficient of repeatability and the number of measurements necessary to predict the genotypic values of 23 characters, either morphological or productive, of 472 Pennisetum spp. clones, in non-repeated plots. The coefficient of repeatability was estimated using the components of the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Dry matter concentration, leaf blade colour, midrib colour, leaf sheath colour, and internode colour were less affected by environmental conditions, and it was possible to predict their genotypic values (R2 = 0.80) with a maximum of four measurements, indicating that these characters are predictable and reliable for initial selection of Pennisetum spp.
Morphogenetic and structural characteristics of clones of elephant grass managed under intermittent stocking
Authors: Fernandes Priscila Beligoli , Carvalho Carlos Augusto Brandão de , Paciullo Domingos Sávio Campos , Gomide Carlos Augusto De Miranda , Morenz Mirton José Frota , Lédo Francisco José Da Silva
Published: September 2016

This work was carried out to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of basal and aerial tillers of two dwarf elephant grass clones (BRS Kurumi and CNPGL 00-1-3) managed under intermittent stocking in six grazing cycles. A completely randomized experimental design with three replications (paddocks) in split-split-plot arrangements was used. The clones were allocated to the plots, tiller classes were assigned to the subplots and grazing cycles to sub subplots. Higher values for basal tillers than aerial tillers were seen for the following characteristics: leaf elongation rate (12.8 and 5.1 cm/tiller/day), leaf appearance rate (0.26 and 0.19 leaves/tiller/day), stem elongation rate (0.38 and 0.16 cm/tiller/day), senescence rate (0.98 and 0.47 cm/tiller/day), total number of leaves (9.3 and 7.1 leaves/ tiller), number of live leaves (7.7 and 5.8 leaves/tiller) and final length of leaf blades (33.5 and 20.0 cm). Phyllochron was lower for basal (4.0 days/leaf) than aerial tillers (5.5 days/leaf). The leaf life span increased with the advance of the grazing cycles, averaging 31.2 days. The tiller density increased with the advance of the grazing cycles showing an average increase of 167% of aerial tillers and 62% of basal tillers for both clones. The morphogenetic and structural characteristics of dwarf clones were influenced jointly by the clones and the availability of the environmental factors of growth during the spring and summer. The high leaf elongation rates, associated with high leaf appearance rate, reveal the potential of high production dry matter of leaves and restoration of leaf area after grazing.
Performance, nutrient digestibility, and quantitative carcass traits of lambs fed sunflower seeds and vitamin E
Authors: Almeida Fabiana Alves de , Silva Sobrinho Américo Garcia da , Manzi Gabriela Milani , Lima Natália Ludmila Lins , Sales Ronaldo Oliveira , Zeola Nivea Maria Brancacci Lopes , Endo Viviane , Borghi Thiago Henrique
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass quantitative traits of lambs fed diets with and without sunflower seeds and vitamin E. Thirty-two uncastrated lambs at approximately 60 days of age, with 15 ± 0.2 kg, were housed in individual stalls and slaughtered at 32.0 ± 0.2 kg body weight. Treatments consisted of the following four diets: C = sugarcane + concentrate; CS = sugarcane + concentrate with sunflower seeds; CE = sugarcane + concentrate with 1,000 mg vitamin E kg-1 diet dry matter (DM); and CSE = sugarcane + concentrate with sunflower seeds and 1,000 mg vitamin E kg-1 diet DM. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with and without sunflower seeds and with or without vitamin E, on the diet DM basis), and means were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance level. Consumption of vitamin E intake by the lambs provided (P < 0.05) the highest ether extract intake (20.91 g day-1) and consequently the highest (P < 0.05) digestibility of this nutrient (85.34%); however, it reduced (P < 0.05) the intakes of total carbohydrates (394.81 g day-1) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (242.47 g day-1) as a direct consequence of the diet composition. Inclusion of sunflower seeds and vitamin E in the lamb diets did not influence (P > 0.05) carcass morphological or quantitative measurements. Sunflower seeds and vitamin E showed to be satisfactory alternatives for inclusion in the concentrate for feedlot lambs, providing good performance and quality carcasses.
Performance and intestinal health of weanling pigs fed with dietary nucleotides
Authors: Andrade Carla De , Almeida Vivian Vezzoni de , Sbardella Maicon , Perina Danilo Do Prado , Silva Fabiane De Lima , Berenchtein Bernardo , Costa Leandro Batista , Miyada Valdomiro Shigueru
Published: September 2016

Previous studies reported benefits to growth performance, intestinal histology and reduced diarrhea for pigs supplemented with nucleotide additive as a replacement to antimicrobial growth promoters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nucleotide levels on performance, occurrence of diarrhea, relative weight of organs, intestinal histology, and intestinal microbiota of weanling pigs. One hundred and sixty 21-d weaned pigs (6.43 ± 0.71 kg BW) were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with five treatments, eight replications per treatment and four animals per pen (experimental unit). The treatments were basal diet with 120 ppm of chloro-hydroxyquinoline (antimicrobial), and basal diet with 0 (control), 100, 150, or 200 ppm of nucleotides. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain to feed ratio (G:F), and occurrence of diarrhea were calculated from day 1 to 14, day 14 to 34, and day 1 to 34 of the experiment. A day after the end of the experiment, one animal from each pen was slaughtered to evaluate the relative weight of organs, intestinal histology, and intestinal microbiota. From day 1-14 and day 14-34 of the experiment, performance was not affected by the treatments. For the total experimental period (day 1-34), increasing the dietary concentrations of nucleotides linearly improved the final body weight and average daily gain. Salmonella spp. was detected only in the control treatment, without affecting the other microorganisms. Pigs fed with antibiotic had a lower occurrence of diarrhea from day 1-14 compared to pigs fed with nucleotide treatments. Although increasing the occurrence of diarrhea in the first 14 days, dietary nucleotides added up to 200 ppm, improve the final body weight and average daily gain at 34 days post weaning. Nucleotides and antimicrobial not shown beneficial effects on organ weights, and intestinal histology of nursery pig, however, are able to decrease the population of Salmonella spp. at small intestine.
The quality of lipid ingredients for pig diets: effects on performance, carcass and meat traits and adipocyte diameter
Authors: Monteiro Daniel Pigatto , Novais Aliny Ketilim , Peres Louise Manha , Andreo Nayara , Aristidis Luiz Gustavo , Russo Adriana Lourenço Soares , Nagi Julie Gabriela , Oba Alexandre , Bridi Ana Maria , Silva Caio Abércio da
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the viability of using four lipid products (refined soybean oil, RO; degummed soybean oil, DO; pig lard, PL; and recycled frying oil, FO) as ingredients for pig feed during the finishing phase. The products were previously evaluated for the presence of insoluble impurities, peroxide levels, and total acidity as well as dioxin group, polychlorinated biphenyl, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants. Eighty 110 day-old pigs, including 40 castrated males and 40 females, with a mean initial weight of 59.01 ± 5.09 kg, were subjected to four treatments (feed containing RO, DO, PL, and FO) for 32 days to evaluate the effect on growth performance, carcass and meat traits and adipocyte diameter. The results for the products did not reveal any degradation or presence of contaminants within the use restriction levels. There were no differences regarding performance, carcass and meat traits, and adipocyte diameter among the treatments. The animals fed FO feed exhibited a poorer loin area and marbling (P < 0.07). The tested lipid raw materials are viable for use as ingredients in feed.
Ingestive behavior of sheep fed Brazil nut cake in the diet
Authors: Ramos Aline Fernanda Oliveira , Pinho Bianca Damasceno , Lourenço Júnior José De Brito , Silva André Guimarães Maciel e , Faturi Cristian , Martorano Lucieta Guerreiro , Manno Maria Cristina , Lima Kedson Raul De Souza , Sousa Luciano Fernandes
Published: September 2016

This study evaluated the ingestive behavior of sheep when fed a corn-silage-based diet with varying levels (0%, 15%, 30%, and 60%) of Brazil nut cake (NC) (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.). Sixteen mongrel sheep with an average weight of 33 ± 6.04 kg were randomly distributed between four treatments. Data were tested for assumptions of normality, subjected to an analysis of variance, and adjusted in regression equations and by Williams’ test, to estimate the W point. The voluntary intake of dry matter (DM) and insoluble neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased linearly (P = 0.013 and P = 0.002) by 5.0 g and 2.41 g d-1, respectively, for every 1% of NC added to the diet. The time the animals spent feeding (288.75 min d-1) was not significantly affected; time spent idle increased linearly (P= 0.0002) by 3.10 min, and time spent during rumination decreased linearly by 2.62 min (P = 0.001) for each 1% addition of the co-product. The number of ruminated boluses (NRB) displayed a decreasing effect (P = 0.004) of 4.61 d-1 for each 1% of NC. For ruminating chews, the time spent per bolus (37.5 sec) and the number per bolus (56.14) did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. However, the total chewing time (TCT) decreased linearly (P = 0.002) by 0.05 h d-1 and the number of chews per day displayed a quadratic effect (P = 0.008), with a maximum value estimated at 17.5% of NC in the diet. Rumination efficiency did not differ between the treatments (101.95 g DM h-1 and 36.76 g NDF h-1). The feeding efficiency (FE) had a linear reduction (P = 0.045) of 0.42 g NDF h-1, but was similar for g DM h-1 (172.5). The daily intake of DM and NDF showed W points estimated at 51.96% and 30.67% NC, respectively. The variables NRB, TCT, and FE (g NDF h-1) had W points estimated at 56.64%, 56.19%, and 56.33% NC, respectively. The Brazil nut cake, when present at levels greater than 56% of the diet’s DM, affects the ingestive behavior of the animals, particularly rumination-related variables, and at levels of 30.67%, it begins to affect the consumption of NDF, primarily due to the ether extract content and the diet’s fiber source.
Stakeholders and Their Significance in Post Natural Disaster Reconstruction Projects: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Shafique Kamran , Warren Clive M. J.
Published: September 2016

Significant increase in number of natural disasters during past decades has triggered huge investments in reconstruction projects. Typical post-natural disaster reconstruction (PDR) projects are different from routine construction projects due to certain additional challenges. Understanding the wide range of individuals and groups that have direct or indirect stakes, interests and expectations from a PDR project is vital for its success. However, research on PDR with special emphasis on stakeholders and their significance in success and sustainability of the projects is limited. This paper provides a systematic literature review (SLR) to amalgamate and synthesise research in this area. It focuses on the identification of the stakeholders and significance of their engagement in PDR activities for a more sustainable and resilient built environment. Research papers published in peer reviewed academic journals from 2000 to 2014 were identified through three major research databases, using T/A/K search options. The selected research papers were reviewed and critically analysed to identify the stakeholders and mechanism of their identification. This research revealed that contemporary research is unable to identify a commonly agreeable scientific method for identification of stakeholders and their interests. This research has outlined an exhaustive list of stakeholders that have been identified by the researchers. Based upon systematic review, this research has also provided background information, recent trends and a future direction for research in the specific field of stakeholder engagement in PDR projects. 
Social Perspective and Causal Factors Influencing Women Prostitution in Iran
Authors: Rostamzadeh Ehsan , Mohseni Farid , Abdul Rahim Rohani
Published: September 2016

This article reviews some factors leading to women prostitution in Iran. Efforts to address this phenomenon in every society must firstly be directed at the individual, the family, and also at economic, social and cultural factors to determine the extent they contribute to sexual crimes. In Iran, sexual offences receive significant attention because of Islamic injunctions application. The country does not permit or tolerate such offences. Since the sexual offences incidents are increasing in the world, this resulted in adverse consequences such as insecurity, the weakening of family structure, offending of public feelings and the prevalence of lawlessness. This makes it necessary, to identify the causal factors that stimulate the occurrence of such offences and to consistently eradicate them. This is an analytical study on the determined topic, to find out how women become manipulated sexually because of the causal factors that influenced them into prostitution activities. Despite the fact that Islamic legal jurisdiction is comprehensive and progressive and prostitution is recognised as an offence in Iran, unfortunately, it seems the offence is sometimes occurring.
A Qualitative Research of the Causes of Iranian Female Students Immigration to Developed Countries
Authors: Nazari Sareh , Seyedan Fariba
Published: September 2016

According to the latest data from United Nations population Fund-UNFPA-in 2015, 244 million people, or 3.3 per cent of the world's population lived outside their country of origin. A number of these migrants are skilled and educated women. This movement usually occurs from developing to developed countries in the world like the US, the UK, Germany, England and so on, to achieve new opportunities and a better life. Iran is a developing country, which is suffering from this serious issue. The aim of this study is to identify the causes of Iranian female students' immigration to developed countries from the perspective of female students of Al-Zahra University. The present qualitative study included 20 master and doctoral female students who were completing their degree programs at this University, through purposive sampling. Data was collected via in-depth, semi structured interviews which were audio-recorded and analyzed by Content analysis method. The main themes and sub-themes were “Economic” (including Unemployment, Low income, Inconsistency between field of education and jobs, Gender discrimination in employment and payments delays), “Educational” (Lack of proper facilities in university, professors' lack of knowledge, lack of public respect for well-educated people in society, and Women’s restrictions in selecting certain academic disciplines), “Socio-political” (Limitation of individual freedom, political pressure, Lack of freedom of speech) and “Personal and Familial” Issues (marriage and parental related factors). The findings present a deeper understanding of the main causes of female migration and why these educated women are less likely to return to Iran.
An Overview of Preferred Vocabulary Learning Strategies by Learners
Authors: Letchumanan Kanthimathi , Muthusam Paramasivam , Govindasamy Potchelvi , Farashaiyan Atieh
Published: September 2016

This article aimed at examining the various vocabulary learning strategies used by learners to learn a word. Data from the study showed that learners do use certain vocabulary learning strategies and that strategy has become their preferred vocabulary learning strategies. The study also showed that learners use more than one strategy to learn a vocabulary. Thus, the study confirmed that multiple use of vocabulary learning strategies are preferred by learners especially the cognitive, determination and metacognitive strategies.
The Role of Personal Values and Perceived Social Support in Developing Socially Responsible Consumer Behavior
Authors: Ali Imran , Mandurah Saud
Published: September 2016

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a longstanding theme in marketing research. Although plenty of research have been done to examine the influence of CSR activities on consumer behavior, less attention is paid to explore the psychological factors that shape consumer’s socially responsible behavior (SRB). The current research addresses this gap by reviewing and comparing the literature from psychology and marketing streams that moves towards a degree of convergence. It examines the psychological role of personal values and external factors like perceived social support to build pro-social behavior among consumers. The personal values include; self-transcendence and self-enhancement values and perceived social support by social network in shaping consumer’s socially responsible behavior. The study proposed and tested the theoretical model using Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique. Data is collected through self-administered survey from 450 consumers in Pakistan. The study found that higher self-transcendence values leads to higher level of socially responsible behavior among consumers. Whereas self-enhancement values has negative influence on consumers in adopting socially responsible behavior. The social networks including; parents, friends/peers, teachers’ play important role in development of socially responsible behavior among consumers as individuals tend to pay focus on the recommendations of their members in their social networks. The findings of this study provide important recommendations to the corporate policy makers to ensure sustainable organizational performance in today’s competitive business environment.
Observation and Reflection on the Dispute of Delaying Retirement Policy in China
Authors: Chen Yuzhao , Ma Jie
Published: September 2016

There exist numerous of disputes about delaying retirement in China for a long time. Most discussions are made from two aspects: the necessity of delaying retirement and the possible impacts brought by delaying retirement. Most scholars advocate delaying retirement, while civilians have different opinions, which is caused by distrusting the government and unfair problems brought by dual-track approach of pension. So relevant departments should listen to reasonable suggestions so as to make a feasible policy.
E-Portfolio Reflective Learning Strategies to Enhance Research Skills, Analytical Ability, Creativity and Problem-Solving
Authors: Mohamad Syamsul Nor Azlan , Embi Mohamed Amin , Nordin Norazah Mohd
Published: September 2016

This paper presents the effect on reflective learning strategies towards the implementation of e-Portfolio to enhance learner higher order thinking skills. The purpose of the study was to examine the learner’s higher order thinking skills that focus on four factors which is research skills, analytical ability, creativity and problem-solving after the implementation of e-Portfolio in their learning. Initially, this paper was conducted a study with a total number of twenty-four students as a small group evaluation. The qualitative analysis was explored four factors which involved (1) research skills (2) analytical ability (3) creativity and (4) problem-solving to investigate the practicality of e-Portfolio in reflecting their learning. The findings were reported that learners reflective learning has a significant effect to create a self-confident, self-directed and retain their motivation at higher level. Reflective learning strategies will enforce the learner in gaining their interest in learning. The integration of e-Portfolio and reflective learning strategies will create an opportunity to enhance higher order thinking skills in teaching and learning for higher education environment.
Political Regime Dynamics and Social Security Reform: A Case Study of the Social Security Act Amendments during the Periods of Yingluck and Prayuth
Authors: Satidporn Wichuda
Published: September 2016

According to previous studies on social security policy in Thailand, a causal link between elected governments and developments in social security has been observed in the direction that the initiation and implementation of social security policy (and perhaps all other social welfare policies) occurred more frequently and more successfully when this country was ruled by an elected government. However, this observation appears problematic when brought to bear on the most recent cases of social security reforms that have occurred, especially during the period under Yingluck Shinawatra government when the attempt to amend the 1990 Social Security Act proposed by the organized labor and 14,264 public petitioners was rejected by the directly-elected House of Representatives; and the period under Prayuth Chan-ocha government when the Social Security Act Amendments of 2015, which included many requests from organized labor mentioned in the rejected bill, was passed by the appointed National Legislative Assembly. Relying on a strategic-relational approach, this paper claims that the changes and continuities in the social security policy in each particular period did not occurred as simply a result of the different types of political regime but was part of a broader effort to deal with the tensions and conflicts between and within different sections of the bourgeoisie, political parties, state agencies, and working class over policy problems, solutions, and directions that have emerged as a result of Thailand’s capitalist transition during the past decade.
The Effect of School Administration and Educational Supervision on Teachers teaching performance: Training Programs as a Mediator Variable
Authors: Shakuna Khairi Saleh , Mohamad Norhisham , Ali Asbi B.
Published: September 2016

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of educational supervision as an independent variable on English language teachers’ teaching performance as a dependent variable as well as the role of training programs as a mediator variable. The investigation reported in the study was carried out among Libyan school teachers of English in the city of Zawiya in Libya. Reaching an overall number (N=3036) of teachers as reported by the Ministry of Education, the study sample was (N=351) teachers who were chosen using a random sampling technique. In order to achieve this, the study used a quantitative analysis, specifically a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the validity of the assumed relationships among these variables as well as structural equation modeling (SEM) through AMOS. The study obtained several results, most important of which indicated that educational supervision was positively correlated with teachers’ performance in teaching English. In addition, the results showed that training programs played an important role as a mediator variable in a making a higher indirect positive impact of educational supervision on teachers’ teaching performance. Based on these results, in order to enable the Libyan school teachers of English address their weaknesses and identify their strengths, educational supervisors should organize more effective activities related to teacher training. Their interests should not be exclusive to teachers’ imperfections, but they should interact and communicate with teachers for better identifications of their strengths and weaknesses. By so doing, teachers can promote their professional knowledge, skills and experiences.
Model of Marketing Innovative Strategies in International Entrepreneurship: A Global Business Environment
Authors: Sattari Bahram , Mehrabi Javad
Published: September 2016

Today small and medium sized businesses are considered the principal factor for the growth of the industrial structure of many countries. To developing countries that are attempting to revive their economic structure, these industries are of great importance. Today, with the growth and advancement of technologies, the impact of cutting edge technologies such as information technology on the business environment cannot be overlooked. The use of innovative marketing helps create value. The purpose of this paper is to investigate innovative marketing and competitive advantages of small and middle sized businesses, with regard to the innovative approaches and the company's unique features. The statistical group of this study included 300 subjects working in the companies that are active in manufacturing disposable containers in Tehran province. The results of the study indicated that innovative marketing has impacts on the companies' competitive advantage. The unique features of the companies have no impacts on obtaining competitive advantage, but it affects innovative marketing.
Investigating the Rentier Governments’ Formation Factors in the Persian Gulf Region
Authors: Zarei Bahadour , Alavi Sayed Mahmoud
Published: September 2016

Undoubtedly, oil is the most important and yet the most political commodity in today's world. The phenomenon of Rent or Rentier or collector government was taken into consideration by researchers and scholars in politics and sociology, especially with the emergence of oil as a cause of creation of Rentier governments. Rent can be considered as some revenue that is not like benefit and wage and is not the result of economic activities; it is being achieved without effort and Rentier government is a government that more than 42% of its revenue comes from external Rents. Hence, most countries in the Persian Gulf due to their geographical location, over the past few decades, have experienced single-based economies, based on producing and selling oil and this issue has resulted in formation of Rentier governments in the region. This article seeks to demonstrate the geographical factors influencing the formation of Rentier governments and the impact of these governments (oil-based economies) on the geopolitical situation of regional countries (their political- spatial order and their geo-economical situation, competition of powers, regional convergence) and at the end it has concluded that despite the fact that oil- based economy (or oil revenue) has led to the development of agriculture in the Persian Gulf, but on one hand, it has led to competition between powers and expansion of militarism in the Persian Gulf and on the other hand, as a very important factor it has prevented formation of regionalism in this region.
Examining Entrepreneurial Potential
Authors: Bonev Pavlin , Egbert Henrik , Neumann Thomas
Published: September 2016

Employing public resources for promoting entrepreneurships demands careful selection of candidates who are most promising to set up a successful entrepreneurial career. This study addresses the relation between an individuals’ entrepreneurial potential, identified through personality traits, and aspects of human and social capital, based on prior entrepreneurial exposure. A psychometric test, called F-DUPN, measures the strengths of personality traits considered relevant for successful entrepreneurial activity. To test our hypotheses, we collected data of 166 individuals. All of them are university students or graduates and have indicated a specific interest in entrepreneurial activity. A major result is that participants experienced in self-employment, with self-employed parents and with self-employed friends show a higher entrepreneurial potential than participants who do not have these experiences or relations. Furthermore, we find in line with other studies that differences in entrepreneurial potential become less pronounced with increasing age. An interpretation is that personality traits significant for entrepreneurial activity are not stable over time and can also be acquired at a later stage in life.
Status of Corporate Governance Awareness in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Muhaiminul , Towfiq Pritom Sarker , Nasira Sultana , Rahman Md. Ashiqur , Das Saurav , Rabbi Reza E.
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study is to portray the status of awareness among Bangladeshi people. Six major characteristics- Rule of Law, Transparency, Responsiveness and Participation, Consensus oriented, Equity and inclusiveness, Accountability, Effectiveness and efficiency have been threaded to quantify different aspects of the complex concept of Corporate Governance. Study identified significant variance in different segment of the society. Inconsistency is also due in relation to different characteristics of the concept. As a new born nation unawareness is in tolerance level but this status is not satisfactory.
Economic Factors Influence on Funding of the Supply-Side of Housing in Kenya: Case Study Nairobi
Authors: Kanjumba Faith Wambui , Njuguna Amos , Achoki George
Published: September 2016

Housing plays a very important role in the social economic development of any nation. One set of factors that impacts on the funding of the supply-side of housing are economic factors comprising market forces, cost of inputs, the macro economy and the cost of funding. This paper sets to establish the relationship between economic factors and funding of the supply-side of housing in Kenya and also the effect of the major stakeholders on such a relationship if it exists. Using an explanatory form of approach in research design a survey was conducted where primary data was collected by self-administered questionnaires from a random sample of 212 branches in Nairobi of financial institutions drawn from a population of 43 commercial banks, 9 deposit-taking MFIs and three major financiers of housing development. Factor analysis, correlation analysis and ordinal logit regression were used to determine the relationship between funding of housing and economic factors. Results indicated a negative relationship between economic factors and funding of housing development. It was also established that there exists a positive moderating effect of stakeholders on the relationship between economic factors and funding of housing development. The implication being the government and policy makers should ensure that interest rates and inflation rates are kept at a level that will encourage investments in housing, with the government acting then more as an enabler.
Exploring Waste and Value in a Lean Context
Authors: Chronéer Diana , Wallström Peter
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this paper is to take a critical, analytical approach to the concepts of waste and value in the lean literature and how the concepts are applied in organisations’ lean efforts and the ambiguity surrounding the concept of value.

A review of the literature of lean was undertaken with a specific focus of the definitions of waste and value. In addition, it is illustrated how four case companies work with waste and value within a lean context. The literature review revealed that there have been significantly more frequent and exhaustive discussions of waste than of value. Waste is often related to the seven wastes, but value is rarely clearly defined. The cases show an exclusive focus on waste reduction, which we argue can result in a loss of value.
This paper provides a critical review of the relationship between waste and value and some of the consequences caused by the actions taken by companies regarding solely focusing on waste. This paper demonstrates the order winner and order qualifier dimensions should be regarded in the analysis of waste and value, and incorporated in the lean toolbox. In the lean research literature there is lack of discussion of the actual value for the customer. We argue that finding a special concept of value in the lean literature would be desirable, and elaborating on value as a specific tool in the lean toolbox, since the concept of ‘waste’ cannot replace the concept of ‘value’.
Effects of Organizational Identifications on Supportive Behavior toward Former Organizations
Authors: Takao Yoshiaki
Published: September 2016

Recent research has highlighted possible benefits to companies from former employees. This study draws on organizational identification research to explore the factors that affect former employees' supportive behavior toward their former organizations. The analysis of the data obtained from 302 Japanese employees indicated that supportive behavior toward a former organization positively correlates to identification with a former organization and the perceived prestige of the organization. Furthermore, the results also revealed that the relationship between supportive behavior toward a former organization and identification with the organization is moderated by the perceived prestige of the former organization and identification with the present organization. The theoretical contributions of the study are twofold. First, the findings suggest that drawing on organizational identification literature can advance research on the positive influence of employee mobility. Second, the study is the first attempt to address identifications with both the former organization and present organization simultaneously.