bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Tank Town to High Tech: The Clash of Community and Industrial Cycles
Authors: Paynter Robert
Published: December 2004

From Tank Town to High Tech: The Clash of Community and Industrial Cycles. by June C. Nash. 1989. State University of New York Press, Albany, N.Y.
Bureaucracy and World View: Studies in the Logic of Official Interpretation
Authors: Sieber R. Timothy
Published: December 2004

Bureaucracy and World View: Studies in the Logic of Official Interpretation. Don Handelman and Elliot Leyton. 1978. Institute of Social and Economic Research, Social and Economic Studies, No. 22. St. Johns, Nfld.: Memorial University of Newfoundland. viii. 143 pp.
Anthropologists in Search of a Culture: Margaret Mead, Derek Freeman and All the Rest of Us
Authors: Leacock Eleanor
Published: December 2004

This compelling analysis of the implications of the “Mead‐Freeman” debate is the last work by Eleanor Leacock, who died in Samoa in 1987. According to Leacock, one of the principal effects of Freeman's attack on Mead's work was to focus attention upon his support for biological determinism. In addition, his findings about Samoa ignored the culture changes that had taken place in Samoa through time. Freeman can also be faulted for failing to note the contemporary problems of Samoa as a small, Third World island nation.

On the other hand, Leacock reflects on the possibility that even if Mead's research reinforced an infantile image of Samoans as “simple, happy natives,” Freeman's “balanced” emphasis on aggression and violence has potentially negative effects for Samoan communities throughout the world. Hence, both Mead and Freeman separated Samoan culture from Samoan history.

Leacock thus demonstrates vividly that the lack of a historically based, advocacy‐oriented anthropology produces stereotyped images. This advocacy is the key to forging access to the “insider” perspective, for it assumes that it is undertaken in active collaboration with those whom the researcher is studying. Leacock's paper thus points the way to a more constructuve and collaborative ethnography.
Anthropology, Geopolitics, and Papua New Guinea
Authors: Gilliam Angela
Published: December 2004

Papua New Guinea (PNG)—together with other Pacific Island nations—has taken an active, leadership role in international arenas around the issue of a Nuclear‐Free and Independent Pacific. Yet, the legacy of the anthropological research in that country has produced an ideological investment in projecting the people as “strange, quaint natives.” This exotification of Papua New Guineans contributes to a situation in which the geopolitical concerns of the modern nation‐state of PNG are usually not analyzed within anthropology. This paper investigates the geopolitical interests and diplomatic initiatives of PNG at the United Nations (UN) during the reinscription of New Caledonia as a non‐self‐governing territory. It utilizes interviews with diplomats and other UN‐affiliated persons regarding the problem, if any, that the heritage of anthropology poses for functioning in an international context. In addition, PNG and Pacific Island government representatives discuss the implications of this legacy for government policy. By framing the issues in this way, I argue for the necessity of reconstituting the expertise on Pacific cultures and societies to include Pacific people as experts.
Who Are We? Where Do We Come From? Where Are We Going? Malinowski, Mead, and The Present State of Anthropology
Authors: Bourguignon Erika
Published: December 2004

At a time when there is talk of a crisis in anthropology and if the lack of a dominant paradigm, self‐reflecting anthropology represents a strong and polar contemporary trend. Applying the Lstorical and comparative perspectives of anthropology to contemporary anthroplogy, this paper argues that the roots of this trend are to be found in the works of Malinowski, Mead and Luckhohn. Continuities are observed and their implications are robed by asking: anthropology for what? and for whom?
The Giza Pyramids: Accommodating Tourism, Leisure and Consumption
Authors: Kuppinger Petra
Published: December 2004

IN THE NINETEENTH century a growing sense emerged among Europeans that the pyramids were “theirs.” Combined with emerging lifestyles of travel and entertainment the Giza Pyramids were integrated into an emerging global touristic map. With the advent of colonial occupation, the pyramids were slowly woven into the modern cityscape of Cairo which in turn engendered changes in the surrounding landscape. Issues of free access, convenience and the comfort of various groups of tourists and pleasure seekers have dominated colonial and subsequently post–colonial policies with regard to the pyramids and their vicinity. [Cairo, tourism, colonialism, historical monuments, space and power]
Global Moderns: Democracy Discourses and Palestinian Social Activism in Haifa, Israel
Authors: Faier Elizabeth
Published: December 2004

PALESTINIAN SOCIAL ACTIVISTS in Haifa, Israel traffic in global discourses of development, civil rights, and democracy. While their organizations provide services to local Palestinian communities, they are also vehicles through which to assert activist notions of Palestinian modernity and cultural authenticity based on a dual critique of traditionalism and Westernization. Social activists are cosmopolitan in that they transverse multiple places and multiple discourses. Within these ideological and spatial voyages, activists vie for control not only over the meaning of global and local discourses of democracy, but its form and execution. [Democracy, modernity, organizations, Palestinians, Haifa]
“Jerusalem Assassinated Rabin and Tel Aviv Commemorated him”: Rabin Memorials and the Discourse of National Identity in Israel
Authors: Vinitzky‐Seroussi Vered
Published: December 2004

WHILE TEL AVIV commemorated Yitzhak Rabin and his assassination on the night of November 4th, 1995, Jerusalem virtually ignored both. By appropriating Rabin, Tel Aviv may have gained a measure of legitimacy as the real capital of Israel, while Jerusalem through neglect, relinquished its symbolic role as one. Through their distinct practices of commemoration, Israel's two major urban centers define two contrasting national identities—a contrast that reflects the socio‐political bifurcation of Israeli Jewish society.2 [Israel, commemoration, politics, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv]
Reading Modernity in Urban Space: Politics, Geography and the Informal Sector of Downtown Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Lewinson Anne S.
Published: December 2004

DURING THE 1990s, the informal sector pervaded Dar es Salaam's geography and economy, providing cash, goods, and services even to salaried workers, yet professional‐class urbanites consistently decried its increasing role in city life. Informal enterprises violate cultural‐economic visions of cities as places of salaried employment and centralized planning—key facets of urbane modernity as imagined by office workers. For professionals and full‐time street vendors alike, the informal sector and state attempts at regulation became a key arena for debates over the ideal form of urbanism and ultimately modernity in contemporary Tanzania. [Tanzania, modernity, informal sector, professional class, urban space]
Post‐Communist Moscow: Re‐Building the “Third Rome” in the Country of Missed Opportunities?
Authors: Khazanov Anatoly M.
Published: December 2004

DESPITE THE RECENT demise of the Soviet Union, democracy is increasingly less evident in the views and actions of Russia's political elite. This is quite evident in Moscow's construction of new public monuments to glorify historical figures or in the rebuilding of monumental Church buildings destroyed during the Soviet era. Aside from the enormous cost of such building programs at a time of a widening social gulf between the haves and the have nots, these buildings and monuments are conspicuous by their ugliness and their remarkable ability to ignore the historical models which some of them are supposed to replicate. The lack of attention to public opinion and the small circle of official public artists and architects reveals both the corruption rampant in Russian society and the profoundly antidemocratic tendencies that now predominate. [Moscow, public art, politics, collective memory, contested history]
Policing the Metropole: Bombay and its Others, a Film Review
Authors: Shankar Guha
Published: December 2004

Title: Bombay, Our City, Director: Anand Patwardhan. Distributor: First Run/Icarus Films, New York, Released: 1985, Length: 57 minutes, color, with subtitles
“This Time I Think I'll Try a Filipina”: Global and Local Influences on Relations Between Foreign Household Workers and Their Employers in Doha, Qatar
Authors: Nagy Sharon
Published: December 2004

AN EXAMINATION OF the practice of employing foreign household workers reveals how global and local relations shape social life in Doha, the capital of Qatar. The paper addresses the factors influencing changing patterns of labor recruitment, and then focuses on the reproduction of local social relations through the everyday practices of household labor. Both global and local inequalities are imprinted onto everyday practice through the asymmetrical relations of household labor. The convergence of global and local influences in domestic relations is further shown to shape the spatial distribution of social relations throughout Doha. [Globalization, labor migration, household workers, Middle East, Qatar]
Making Women's History Visible in the Urban Landscape
Authors: Hayden Dolores
Published: December 2004

THE POWER OF PLACE, a non‐profit corporation founded by the author, sponsored public history projects focused on women of color in the historic cultural landscapes in Los Angeles. Between 1984 and 1991, teams of historians and artists worked to commemorate an African American midwife's homestead and a hall used by Latina garment workers as part of a larger itinerary of downtown labor history. [Historic Preservation, Community Organizing, Memory, Public Space, Women, Labor History]
Bridges and Boundaries: African Americans and American Jews at the New York Historical Society.
Authors: Rosen David
Published: December 2004

BRIDGES AND BOUNDARIES: AFRICAN AMERICANS AND AMERICAN JEWS. The Jewish Museum at the New York Historical Society, New York City (March 22 ‐ July 19, 1992); The Jewish Museum, San Francisco, CA (October 13 ‐ December 20, 1992); The Strong Museum, Rochester, NY (January 14 ‐ March 14,1993); The Jewish Historical Society of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (April 18 – June 10, 1993); National Afro‐American Museum and Cultural Center, Wilberforce, OH (July 11 – September 1, 1993); California Afro‐American Museum, Los Angeles, CA (September 27 – December 6, 1993); Afro‐American Historical and Cultural Museum and National Museum of American Jewish History, Philadelphia, PA (January 7 – March 13, 1994); Chicago Historical Society, Chicago, IL (April 7 – July 4, 1994).
The Gift of Birds: Featherwork of Native South American Peoples
Authors: Carneiro Robert L.
Published: December 2004

THE GIFT OF BIRDS: FEATHERWORK OF NATIVE SOUTH AMERICAN PEOPLES. University Museum, Philadelphia, PA. (Through April 1994).
Tradition, Trade and Transformation: Southeast Asian Textiles;Michael Hitchcock: Indonesian Textiles
Authors: Niessen Sandra A.
Published: December 2004

Tradition, Trade and Transformation: Southeast Asian Textiles. ROBYN MAXWELL. Melbourne: Australian National Gallery and Oxford University Press, 1990. 432pp., 580 b/w and color illustrations, map, glossary of technical terms, bibliography. $135 (cloth).

Indonesian Textiles. MICHAEL HITCHCOCK. Berkeley and Singapore: Periplus Editions, 1991.192pp., numerous b/w and color photographs, illustrations, map, bibliography. $27.95 (paper).
Costumes of Morocco
Authors: Zuhur Sherifa
Published: December 2004

Costumes of Morocco. JEAN BESCANCENOT, with a preface by James Bynon; translated by Caroline Stone. London and New York: Kegan Paul International, 1990. 204 pp., 60 color plates, 10 b/w photos, detailed sketches of construction, draping, hair design, and jewelry, and 1 map. $85.50 (cloth).
Threads of the Land: Clothing Traditions from Three Indigenous Cultures
Authors: Phillips Ruth B.
Published: December 2004

Threads of the Land: Clothing Traditions from Three Indigenous Cultures Canadian Museum of Civilization, Hull, Quebec. (February 1995 for two years)
Mr. Wilson's Cabinet of Wonder
Authors: Price Sally
Published: December 2004

Mr. Wilson's Cabinet of Wonder. Lawrence Weschler. New York: Pantheon Books, 1995.176 pp. b/w and color illus., $21.00 (cloth).
Navaho Pictorial Weaving, 1880‐1950
Authors: Blomberg Nancy J.
Published: December 2004

Navajo Pictorial Weaving, 1880‐1950: Folk Images of Native Americans. Tyrone Campbell. Joel Kopp and Kate Kopp. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995. 128 pp. 178 color plates, notes, selected bibliography, index. $29.95 (paper).
Drums: The Heartbeat of Africa
Authors: Groesbeck Rolf
Published: December 2004

Drums: The Heartbeat of Africa. Edited by Esther A. Dagan. Montreal: Galerie Amrad African Art Publications, 1993. 223 pp.; black‐and‐white photographs, line drawings, glossary, bibliography.
Mongol Costumes
Authors: Eicher Joanne B.
Published: December 2004

Mongol Costumes, Henny Harald Hansen. The Carlsberg Foundation's Nomad Research Project. Ida Nicolaisen, editor‐in‐chief. London and New York: London and New York: Thames and Hudson and Copenhagen: Rhodos International Science and Art Publishers, 1993. 283 pp. 203 color and b/w illustrations; map; notes; bibliography. $5000 (cloth).
Paugvik: A Nineteenth‐Century Native Village on Bristol Bay, Alaska
Authors: Lewis Michael A.
Published: December 2004

Paugvik: A Nineteenth‐Century Native Village on Bristol Bay, Alaska, Don E. Dumond and James W. Vanstone. Fieldiana, Anthropology, n.s. 24. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1995.109 pp. 2 maps, 45 b/w illus., appendix, bibliography.
Report from the Field: Pimping Maria from Puebla to Panama: Peasants, Petroleum & Paramilitaries
Authors: O'Donnell Katherine
Published: December 2004

Through participation in grassroots education workshops, conferences, and economic solidarity work, the author explores the expected impact of Plan Puebla de Panama on indigenous people in Chiapas, Mexico, as well as North‐South resistance to militarization and neoliberal maldevelopment.
The Production of Race, Culture and State: An Anthropology
Authors: Sider Gerald M.
Published: December 2004

Across very wide regions of the world, small communities are experiencing a massively destructive encounter with both economic and state‐orchestrated pressures. The contradictions of citizenship in modem 'democratic" states results in the precipitous current decline of rural villages. The Newfoundland example illustrates what happens under deteriorating terms of trade: a marked differentiation in standards of living, and the export of people. As a second case, a rural southeastern North Carolina county illustrates the new process of 'harnessing vulnerability" with a shift in emphasis, superficially from race to citizenship. During the 1990s, this southern county saw a massive influx of undocumented Mexican and Central American workers, a direct result of NAFTA. The author concludes that the state now assumes almost full control over the production of useful vulnerabilities, delivering these as a subsidy to capital The role of ' culture,' the central concept of anthropology and once primary in the production of vulnerabilities, is relegated to a secondary role in this process.
Hypoxia and Anemia: Factors in Decreased Sensitivity to Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy?
Authors: Harrison Louis , Blackwell Kimberly
Published: December 2004

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to:

Explain how tumor hypoxia affects radiation resistance. Apply this understanding to clinical outcome in specific diseases. Describe approaches for improving therapeutic outcome in anemia patients.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit atCME.TheOncologist.com

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors that occurs across a wide variety of malignancies. Hypoxia and anemia (which contributes to tumor hypoxia) can lead to ionizing radiation and chemotherapy resistance by depriving tumor cells of the oxygen essential for the cytotoxic activities of these agents. Hypoxia may also reduce tumor sensitivity to radiation therapy and chemotherapy through one or more indirect mechanisms that include proteomic and genomic changes. These effects, in turn, can lead to increased invasiveness and metastatic potential, loss of apoptosis, and chaotic angiogenesis, thereby further increasing treatment resistance. Investigations of the prognostic significance of pretreatment tumor oxygenation status have shown that hypoxia (oxygen tension [pO2] value ≤10 mmHg) is associated with lower overall and disease-free survival, greater recurrence, and less locoregional control in head and neck carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, and soft-tissue sarcoma. In view of the deleterious effect of hypoxia on standard cancer treatment, a variety of hypoxia- and anemia-targeted therapies have been studied in an effort to improve therapeutic effectiveness and patient outcomes. Early evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggests the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) may enhance the effectiveness of radiation therapy and chemotherapy by increasing hemoglobin levels and ameliorating anemia in patients with disease- or treatment-related anemia. However, further research is needed in the area of hypoxia-related treatment resistance and its reversal.
rHuEPO and Treatment Outcomes: the Clinical Experience
Authors: Hudis Clifford A. , Van Belle Simon , Chang Jose , Muenstedt Karsten
Published: December 2004

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to:

Relate anemia to treatment outcome in a number of solid tumors. Relate hemoglobin level to quality of life. Describe the potential adverse consequences of overtreating anemia.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit atCME.TheOncologist.com

Increasingly, anemia is being recognized as a negative prognostic and predictive factor for patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these treatment modalities. The results of clinical studies have shown correlations between anemia and shorter survival times in patients with a wide variety of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, including lung, ovarian, breast, and head/neck cancers, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Also, anemia has been shown to predict treatment response in patients with ovarian, cervical, and urothelial cancers, mantle cell lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as well as refractory/relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia. Based on the presumed causal relationship between anemia and poor patient outcome, several studies have examined the influence of epoetin alfa (a recombinant human erythropoietin) on outcomes in anemic patients undergoing cancer treatment. The results of these studies have been encouraging, with indications of greater locoregional tumor control and higher response rates in epoetin alfa-treated patients. Additionally, epoetin alfa therapy, by correcting anemia, has been shown to improve a patient's energy level, ability to perform daily activities, and overall quality of life (QOL). Such effects not only enhance a patient's general well-being, but may also increase their tolerance of, and willingness to undergo, full courses of their cancer therapy in a timely manner. These findings support the use of epoetin alfa to achieve gains in QOL and cancer treatment outcomes in anemic cancer patients and suggest that additional studies be conducted to further investigate the potential benefits of this agent in regard to improved outcomes.
Trends in Phenylephrine and Pseudoephedrine Sales in the US
Authors: Anderson Timothy S. , Suda Katie J. , Gellad Walid F. , Tadrous Mina
Published: February 2024

This study examines purchasing patterns regarding oral decongestants, concerns about their efficacy, and the need for timelier postmarket evaluation.
Global pannexin 1 deletion increases tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in the BRAF/Pten mouse melanoma model
Authors: Sanchez‐Pupo Rafael E. , Finch Garth A. , Johnston Danielle E. , Craig Heather , Abdo Rober , Barr Kevin , Kerfoot Steven , Dagnino Lina , Penuela Silvia
Published: February 2024

Immunotherapies for malignant melanoma seek to boost the anti‐tumoral response of CD8+ T cells, but have a limited patient response rate, in part due to limited tumoral immune cell infiltration. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the pannexin 1 (PANX1) channel‐forming protein is known to decrease melanoma cell tumorigenic properties in vitro and ex vivo. Here, we crossed Panx1 knockout (Panx1−/−) mice with the inducible melanoma model BrafCA, PtenloxP, Tyr::CreERT2 (BPC). We found that deleting the Panx1 gene in mice does not reduce BRAF(V600E)/Pten‐driven primary tumor formation or improve survival. However, tumors in BPC‐Panx1−/− mice exhibited a significant increase in the infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes, with no changes in the expression of early T‐cell activation marker CD69, lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG‐3) checkpoint receptor, or programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) in tumors when compared to the BPC‐Panx1+/+ genotype. Our results suggest that, although Panx1 deletion does not overturn the aggressive BRAF/Pten‐driven melanoma progression in vivo, it does increase the infiltration of effector immune T‐cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. We propose that PANX1‐targeted therapy could be explored as a strategy to increase tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes to boost anti‐tumor immunity.
Unraveling the Highly Plastic Behavior of ALD‐Aluminum Oxide Encapsulations by Small‐Scale Tensile Testing
Authors: Vogl Lilian M. , Schweizer Peter , Minor Andrew M. , Michler Johann , Utke Ivo
Published: February 2024

We present a study directly measuring the electron‐beam‐induced plasticity of amorphous Al2O3 coatings. Core–shell nanostructures are employed as small‐scale model systems for two‐dimensional coatings made by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Copper nanowires (NWs) are used as substrates for ALD deposition, representing a model system for interconnects commonly found in integrated circuits. Experiments are performed in situ in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and further analyzed with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Our in situ TEM tensile experiments reveal the highly plastic behavior of the ALD shell, which withstands a maximum strain of 188%. Comparable samples under beam‐off conditions show a brittle fracture, which underlines the effect of electron irradiation. The electron‐beam‐activated bond switching within the amorphous network enables compensation of the applied tensile strain, leading to viscous flow. By incorporating an intermediate nanocrystalline layer within the Al2O3 shell, the plasticity is suppressed and brittle fracture occurs. This work directly demonstrates the tuning of mechanical properties in amorphous ALD structures through electron irradiation.
Vapor Sublimation and Deposition Polymerization to Fabricate a Directional Scaffold for Guiding Tubular Dentin Regeneration
Authors: Christy Jane , Chuang Chih‐Peng , Wu Chih‐Yu , Yeh Hsiao‐Wen , Wang Peng‐Yuan , Wu Ting‐Ying , Kuo Wei‐Ting , Chiang Yu‐Chih , Chen Hsien‐Yeh
Published: February 2024

Dental caries, or tooth decay, is a widespread problem and is generally considered irreversible, yet a regeneration solution exists to cure them. In this study, a multifunctional and biocompatible dental scaffold is fabricated by a unique vapor sublimation and deposition polymerization process with the well‐accepted material Parylene, resulting in the construction of a 3D and porous polymer scaffold that accommodates living cells and a combination of growth factor molecules in a single fabrication process, which differentiates the coating formation from a conventional vapor process. Physically, a directional interior structure is constructed to guide dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) attachment and alignment. Biochemically, necessary growth factors, including Wnt‐3a and FGF‐2, are incorporated within the scaffold during fabrication to guide the cell differentiation of odontogenesis. The synergistic effects of the attachment and alignment of DPSCs, as well as the biocompatibility and odontogenic activities of the components accommodated in the scaffold, result in the upregulation of the cell differentiation into odontoblasts, as shown by the morphology of odontoblasts and the expressions of odontogenesis markers. Thus, the reported fabrication technique and its products represent an alternative approach for dentin regeneration in dental caries and tooth decay.
La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ Films Under Deoxygenation: Magnetic And Electronic Transitions Are Apart from The Structural Phase Transition
Authors: He Suqin , Petracic Oleg , Lauter Valeria , Cao Lei , Zhou Yunxia , Weber Moritz Lukas , Schubert Jürgen , Concepción Omar , Dittmann Regina , Waser Rainer , Brückel Thomas , Gunkel Felix
Published: February 2024

Topotactic phase transitions induced by changes in the oxygen vacancy concentration can largely alter the physical properties of complex oxides, including electronic and magnetic phases, while maintaining the structural integrity of the crystal lattice. An oxygen‐vacancy‐induced topotactic phase transition from perovskite (PV) to brownmillerite (BM) is achieved in epitaxial La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ (LSCO) thin films. Two novel intermediate states with different oxygen content are identified by X‐ray diffraction, which involves a single‐phase reduced PV state and a mixed state of co‐existing PV and BM. The combination of depth‐sensitive polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) allows a quantitative determination of magnetization and the mean oxygen content in all states, revealing a continuous transition from La0.6Sr0.4CoO2.97 to La0.6Sr0.4CoO2.5. BM formation is observed for an LSCO layer with an oxygen content of 2.67, while the magnetic and electronic transition already occurs for a layer with a higher oxygen content of 2.77 (and above) and in the absence of a BM signature. These results demonstrate that the physics of electronic metal‐to‐insulator transition (MIT), magnetic ferromagnet‐to‐non‐ferromagnet transition (FM‐to‐non‐FM), and structural PV‐to‐BM phase transition should be considered within the framework of separate but interrelated processes.
High‐Performance Terpolymers with Well‐Defined Structures Facilitate PCE Over 19% for Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Xiangmeng , Huang Bin , Fang Yu , Chen Dong , Cheng Yujun , Chen Shanshan , Zhang Jialin , Zhang Lifu , Jeong Seonghun , Wu Feiyan , Liu Jinbiao , Chen Lie , Yang Changduk , Chen Yiwang
Published: February 2024

Ternary copolymerization is a cost‐effective and time‐saving approach to improve device performance and batch stability of polymer donors. However, the structure of the ternary polymer donor obtained by the traditional one‐pot polymerization is vague due to the different monomer reaction order, which has a great influence on the absorption, crystallization, molecular stacking, and device performance. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain terpolymers with definite structures, and systematically study the differences in device properties of polymers with different sequence structures. Herein, three terpolymers D1, D2, and D3 are developed. Random copolymer D3 is obtained via the traditional one‐pot method while alternating copolymer donor D1 and block copolymer D2 are synthesized by stepwise polymerization. Because the block copolymer D2 possess periodic sequence distribution and retains the excellent properties of the two polymer matrix very well, the D2‐based device shows enhanced tightened π‐face‐on molecular stacking, distinguished efficient exciton dissociation, and decreased energy loss. As a result, the D2:L8‐BO‐based polymer solar cells achieve one of a record power conversion efficiency of 19.03%. The work demonstrates changing the sequence structure of the polymers to synthesize well‐defined structures polymer donors not only maintains the features of polymer matrix, but also combines the advantages of ternary copolymerization.
A Comprehensive Review of Organic Hole‐Transporting Materials for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Duan Yuwei , Chen Yu , Wu Yihui , Liu Zhike , Liu Shengzhong , Peng Qiang
Published: February 2024

Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have attracted unprecedented attention due to their negligible hysteresis, long‐term operational stability, low temperature, and cost‐effective fabrication process, as well as wide applications. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of IPSCs has skyrocketed from 3.9% in 2013 to certified 26.1% in 2023, which is over the certified 25.8% of regular counterpart, benefiting from the emergence of a great number of organic hole‐transporting materials (HTM). This review provides an overview of the recent development of organic hole‐transporting materials in the efficiency and stability of IPSCs, including organic small molecules and conjugated conductive polymers. The effective strategies for the charge‐transport layer and perovskite films of IPSCs are also discussed. Finally, the prospective for further development of IPSCs is outlined, including developing novel hole‐transporting materials and fabricating techniques to meet the requirements of commercial application.
Self‐Activating Phosphorus‐Rich Substrate Import Enzyme Catalytic Domains for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhao Qing , Chen Jieqiong , Tang Jiajing , Lei Xiaoyu , Zhang Jinzheng , Zhang Yinglong , Li Jidong , Zuo Yi , Li Yubao
Published: February 2024

Enzymes play a key role in natural mineralization, but their function is disabling in bone metabolism when patients suffer severe degenerations like hypophosphatasia. To regulate bone homeostasis, a self‐activating phosphorus‐rich system is proposed on calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) modified polyurethane (PU) fibrous substrate, wherein ample enzyme catalytic domains are imported with intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IALP) chelating and activating by calcium in situ that is testified by chemical potential evaluation. Therefore, Ca‐bonding IALP catalyzes organophosphate to phosphate locally to achieve a calcified symbiotic state, regulating mineralization and accelerating osteoinduction in vitro and in vivo. The self‐activating enzyme system promotes early osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, resulting in rapid healing of cranial defect with a “long‐tail” effect compared to an enzyme‐assisted system. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses demonstrate positive associations with neovascularization and calcium/phosphorus metabolism, specifically upregulated glycerophospholipids and calcium ions in favor of osteogenic differentiation under cytokine‐free conditions. These results provide a potential enzyme‐activating therapy in bone homeostasis and regeneration.
Oriented Molecular Bridge Constructs Homogeneous Buried Interface for Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 25.3%
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Huang Hao , Wang Min , Lan Zhineng , Cui Peng , Du Shuxian , Yang Yingying , Yan Luyao , Zhang Qiang , Qu Shujie , Li Meicheng
Published: February 2024

Buried interface optimization matters the efficiency improvement of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and the molecular bridge is reported to be an effective approach. Herein, a molecular bridge is constructed at buried interface using 4‐chloro‐3‐sulfamoylbenzoic acid (CSBA), and its preferred arrangement is systematically investigated. It is elucidated that the CSBA molecular is prone to be orientationally absorbed on TiO2 surface through COOH–Ti, and then connect with perovskite through S═O–Pb, resulting in a feasible oriented molecular bridge. Contributing to the passivated interfacial defects, optimized interfacial energy level, and released perovskite tensile stress, resulting from the oriented CSBA molecular bridge, the PSCs with an active area of 0.08 cm2 achieve a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.32%, the highest among the TiO2‐based planar PSCs. Encouragingly, the PSCs with an active area of 1 cm2 achieve a champion PCE of 24.20%, significantly promoting the efficiency progress of large‐area PSCs. In addition, the PSCs with oriented CSBA molecular bridge possess enhanced stability, the unencapsulated PSCs can maintain ≈91% and ≈85% of their initial PCE after 3000 h aging under ambient condition and 1200 h aging under exposure to UV irradiation.
X‐Ray Irradiation Fluence‐Dependent Carrier Transport Capacity of MAPbBr3 Single Crystal
Authors: Luo Xiuting , Gao Lei , Sun Jia‐Lin , Li Qiang , Yan Qingfeng
Published: February 2024

Significant progress is achieved in the development of hybrid lead halide perovskite‐based X‐ray detectors. An in‐depth understanding of the impact of X‐ray irradiation on charge carrier behaviors is essential to assess the long‐term operational reliability of these devices. In this study, high‐quality methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) single crystals with good environmental stability are grown by an inverse temperature method, and the evolution of their carrier transport capacity is investigated by tracking the optoelectronic properties of MAPbBr3 single crystal devices under X‐ray irradiation with different fluence. Notably, the carrier transport capacity is enhanced when the X‐ray fluence is between 1.2 × 1017 and 1.8 × 1017 photons, as evidenced by improved optoelectronic properties and reduced trap state density. Conversely, a larger X‐ray fluence of 3.6 × 1017 photons causes unrepaired decomposition of the MAPbBr3 single crystals and severe degradation of their carrier transport capacity. These findings provide valuable insights for the application of hybrid lead perovskite single crystals in X‐ray detection, emphasizing the importance of optimizing X‐ray fluence levels for sustained device performance.
Conformal 3D Li/Li13Sn5 Scaffolds Anodes for High‐Areal Energy Density Flexible Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Huo Xiaomei , Gong Xin , Liu Yuhang , Yan Yonghui , Du Zhuzhu , Ai Wei
Published: February 2024

Achieving a high depth of discharge (DOD) in lithium metal anodes (LMAs) is crucial for developing high areal energy density batteries suitable for wearable electronics. Yet, the persistent growth of dendrites compromises battery performance, and the significant lithium consumption during pre‐lithiation obstructs their broad application. Herein, A flexible 3D Li13Sn5 scaffold is designed by allowing molten lithium to infiltrate carbon cloth adorned with SnO2 nanocrystals. This design markedly curbs the troublesome dendrite growth, thanks to the uniform electric field distribution and swift Li+ diffusion dynamics. Additionally, with a minimal SnO2 nanocrystals loading (2 wt.%), only 0.6 wt.% of lithium is consumed during pre‐lithiation. Insights from in situ optical microscope observations and COMSOL simulations reveal that lithium remains securely anchored within the scaffold, a result of the rapid mass/charge transfer and uniform electric field distribution. Consequently, this electrode achieves a remarkable DOD of 87.1% at 10 mA cm−2 for 40 mAh cm−2. Notably, when coupled with a polysulfide cathode, the constructed flexible Li/Li13Sn5@CC||Li2S6/SnO2@CC pouch cell delivers a high‐areal capacity of 5.04 mAh cm−2 and an impressive areal‐energy density of 10.6 mWh cm−2. The findings pave the way toward the development of high‐performance LMAs, ideal for long‐lasting wearable electronics.
Lifetime Improvement of 28 nm Resistive Random Access Memory Chip by Machine Learning‐Assisted Prediction Model Collaborated with Resurrection Algorithm
Authors: Zheng Xu , Wu Lizhou , Xie Yuanlu , Lai Jinru , Sun Wenxuan , Yu Jie , Dong Danian , Yu Zhaoan , Xue Xiaoyong , Chen Bing , Yang Yan , Xu Xiaoxin , Liu Qi , Liu Ming
Published: February 2024

In this work, a machine learning‐assisted prediction model is proposed to analyze the reliability issues in the 28 nm resistive random access memory (RRAM) chip with raw data measured from RRAM test chip. The neural network of long‐short time memory (LSTM) is trained by the voltages and resistance during the endurance test (input vectors) and generates the output of the dichotomy states with a satisfied testing result >83.08%. According to the prediction results, the “real fail” state or “fake fail” state of the devices can get in the future. By collaborating with a well‐designed resurrection algorithm (RA), the percentage of real and fake failed cells dropped by 35% and 29%, respectively. Besides, the tail bits in retention significantly reduced from 33% to 14.6% due to the reduction of oxygen vacancies in the gaps of conducting filaments by applying ten consecutive cycles of RA. This intelligent prediction and repair module can prolong the lifetime of RRAM chips effectively in practical applications.
Coproduction with peer support groups: A new approach to culturally responsive social services
Authors: Fang Qian , Poon Abner Weng Cheong , Fisher Karen R. , Duong Julie , Lee Jung‐Sook
Published: February 2024

The disparity of access to suitable social services for people from culturally diverse backgrounds is receiving increased attention. Coproduction between service users and providers has the potential as an approach to improve the cultural responsiveness of social services. What remains unknown is how social service organizations can facilitate and support coproduction with people from culturally diverse backgrounds. This article examines how three disability support organizations in Australia worked with peer support groups run by people with disability and their families from Chinese background to improve the organizations' service provision. We collected qualitative data through observations of activities in the groups and semistructured interviews with group members and organization staff. We found that organizing peer support groups facilitated knowledge exchange between people from culturally diverse backgrounds and organizations to inform practice development. Five contributors to the knowledge exchange were as follows: (1) assigning staff responsibility for exchange and trust with the group; (2) encouraging the group to challenge practice and cultural norms; (3) identifying and supporting the capacity of peer facilitators; (4) fostering trust within the group; and (5) collaborating with other organizations. Cultural responsiveness means incorporating people's cultural preferences in support provision and addressing the negative influences of cultural norms on people.
Facile Access of Olefins from Ketones and Arylboroxines Enabled by Rhodium Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Yueting , Li Bin , Hu Fangdong , Xia Ying
Published: February 2024

Olefination of carbonyl compounds is a typical strategy for the synthesis of olefins. Herein, we reported a rhodium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of ketones with arylboroxines for straightforward access of olefins. The reaction displays a good functional group tolerance and affords the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. Addition and elimination are suggested as the indispensable steps in catalytic cycle by preliminary mechanistic experiments. This reaction provided a complementary method in catalytic construction of olefins from ketones and organoboron compounds.
Synergistic applications of nanocomposite, ultrasound, and on‐water synthesis for efficient and green synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives via cascade C–N, C–O, and C–S bond formation
Authors: Teli Pankaj , Teli Sunita , Sahiba Nusrat , Soni Shivani , Agarwal Shikha
Published: February 2024

A highly efficient, green, and multicomponent reaction method has been developed for the diversity‐oriented synthesis of 32 spirooxindole derivatives via the formation of cascade C–N, C–O, and C–S bonds. The synthesis involved starch‐capped zinc oxide nanocomposite as an effective heterogeneous catalyst with the synergistic application of ultrasound and on‐water synthesis. By employing this approach, all desired products were successfully obtained with high yields and comparatively short reaction times. Furthermore, the catalyst employed in the process exhibited excellent recyclability, allowing for its recovery and reuse for up to eight consecutive runs without any loss of catalytic activity. The greenness of the protocol was evaluated by various green metrics such as E‐factor and eco‐score, and the result showed the acceptability of the present method in organic synthesis.
Performance improvement on the cold flow properties of crude oil with high asphaltene by adjusting the polarity of the third monomer in polymers
Authors: Fang Saifei , Pu Xin , Usman Ali , Hu Jiawen , Han Xin , Ye Lei , Qin Yunlong , Liu Pengpeng , Luan Bo , Liu Jichang
Published: February 2024

Asphaltenes and waxes are the primary factors affecting the cold flow properties of crude oil. In this paper, based on the binary polymer of acrylate‐maleic anhydride (PM22‐MA), different third polar groups of acrylamide, N‐(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide, N‐phenylacrylamide (NPA), and styrene (SM) were introduced to synthesize a series of ternary pour point depressants (PPDs) to explore the effect of asphaltene on the cold flow properties of Xijiang (XJ) crude oil. Thereinto, PM22‐MA‐NPA containing amide group and benzene ring exhibited the best depressive effect, which decreased pour point by 14°C at 1500 ppm. The mechanism of interaction of the polar groups in PPDs with asphaltene was studied. The polar groups could form stronger hydrogen bonds with asphaltene, delaying the asphaltene macromolecule bonding, allowing the synergistic effect of PPDs and asphaltene to be better utilized to improve the cold flow properties of crude oil. Furthermore, the dipole moment magnitude and electron cloud density were calculated with Gaussian. It was found that the polar group with a dipole moment magnitude of 3.2244 debye and an electron cloud density ranging from −1.6364 to 1.9944 eV was the most suitable third polar monomer for the PPDs of XJ crude oil.
Long‐term habitat degradation affects nest site selection behaviour by a freshwater turtle (Chelodina oblonga) in Western Australia
Authors: Santoro Anthony , Chambers Jane M. , Ebner Brendan C. , Sturm April L. , Beatty Stephen J.
Published: February 2024

Freshwater turtles are one of the most endangered vertebrate groups with >60% of species threatened globally. Terrestrial nesting habitat degradation is a major threat to freshwater turtles, but the characteristics of nesting habitat remain poorly understood. This study investigated the nest site selection of the southwestern snake‐necked turtle (Chelodina oblonga) to improve the conservation prospects for this species in an urbanized wetland area.

In total, 235 depredated and 86 non‐depredated nest sites and 320 non‐nest locations were surveyed at Bibra Lake, Western Australia, during the Austral spring–summer, 2018–2023. A suite of environmental variables was measured at nest sites and non‐nest locations. Analysis of similarities was used to determine whether nest sites and non‐nest locations differed in their environmental characteristics. Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify environmental variables that best explained the nesting preferences.

The environmental characteristics of nest sites differed from those of non‐nest locations, with turtles nesting mainly in remnant natural habitat with greater canopy cover. Turtles generally avoided nesting in modified environments such as lawns and impervious surfaces.

Factors influencing nest site selection are probably associated with the conditions necessary for regulating incubation temperatures and ease of nest excavation.

This study suggests that modification of terrestrial vegetation around wetlands is adversely affecting freshwater turtle recruitment by removing or altering preferred nesting habitat. Protection and restoration of natural habitats fringing urban wetlands is important for the conservation of remnant freshwater turtle populations, and local partnership projects can help to achieve this.
Defect Engineering in GO Membranes – Tailoring Size and Oxidation Degree of Nanosheet for Enhanced Pore Channels
Authors: Li Nan , Xue Weihao , Han Yu , Zhu Bo , Wu Jinman , Xu Zhiwei
Published: February 2024

Graphene Oxide (GO) membrane has been extensively applied in the field of water purification and membrane separation processes. While the solute molecule transport in GO membranes encompasses interlayer channels, edge defects, and in‐plane crack‐like holes, the significance of edge defects or crack‐like pores in ultrathin membranes is often overlooked. In our study, we focused on the construction of short‐range channel GO membranes with varied defect structures by modulating the transverse size of the porous nanosheets. GO nanosheets with different sizes were procured through high‐energy γ‐irradiation combined with centrifugation. Notably, the large‐sized porous GO nanosheets (L‐pGO) exhibit a consistent structure, and numerous in‐plane defects. In contrast, the smaller counterparts (S‐pGO) present a fewer in‐plane defects. The performance metrics revealed that L‐pGO exhibited a water flux of 849.25 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, while S‐pGO demonstrated nearly 100 % dye rejection capacity. These findings underscore the potential of defect engineering as a powerful strategy to enhance the efficiency of two‐dimensional membranes.
Accelerating attribute‐focused process and product development through the development and deployment of autonomous process analytical technology platform system
Authors: Wu Chao‐Hsiang (Richard) , Chan Becky , Sarich Zac , Duan Yaokai , Chen Janice , Song Jiu‐Li , Berke Mike , Miranda Les P. , Goudar Chetan T.
Published: February 2024

Enabling real‐time monitoring and control of the biomanufacturing processes through product quality insights continues to be an area of focus in the biopharmaceutical industry. The goal is to manufacture products with the desired quality attributes. To realize this rigorous attribute‐focused Quality by Design approach, it is critical to support the development of processes that consistently deliver high‐quality products and facilitate product commercialization. Time delays associated with offline analytical testing can limit the speed of process development. Thus, developing and deploying analytical technology is necessary to accelerate process development. In this study, we have developed the micro sequential injection process analyzer and the automatic assay preparation platform system. These innovations address the unmet need for an automatic, online, real‐time sample acquisition and preparation platform system for in‐process monitoring, control, and release of biopharmaceuticals. These systems can also be deployed in laboratory areas as an offline analytical system and on the manufacturing floor to enable rapid testing and release of products manufactured in a good manufacturing practice environment.