bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making room for the 3Rs principles of animal use in ecology: potential issues identified through a survey
Authors: Zemanova Miriam
Published: September 2021

Research on animals is one of the most controversial ethical issues in our society. It is imperative that animal welfare is being considered and the harm and distress to animals used in research is minimized. This could be achieved through implementation of the so-called 3Rs principles for animal research, which are now implemented in many legislations worldwide. These principles serve as a basis for research without the use of animals (Replacement), with as few animals as possible (Reduction), and in which the animal’s welfare is as good as possible (Refinement). While there has been a lot of focus on implementation of these principles, only a few studies have documented the knowledge and adoption of the 3Rs among researchers. One field that has been particularly neglected is ecological research, which can involve many practices that affect animal welfare. Moreover, the knowledge, experience, and attitudes about animal use in ecological research and education has never been examined before. In order to close this gap, I conducted a survey among European ecologists. Responses from 107 respondents from 23 countries revealed that lethal and invasive research methods are prevalent, and that more than half of the respondents have never heard of the 3Rs principles for animal research. Major concerns are also the lack of calculation of the minimum sample size and widespread of dissection classes as part of education. Additionally, most respondents experienced ethical doubts about their research, and did not receive any training in animal welfare or ethics. These findings revealed that it is necessary to implement rigorous standards for ecological research and enforce the implementation of the 3Rs principles. Furthermore, the evaluation of current educational practices in ecology is urgently needed.
Cuento, traducción y transferencias culturales en la revista colombiana ilustrada El Gráfico (1925-1941)
Authors: Marín-Colorado Paula Andrea
Published: September 2021

El Gráfico. Semanario Ilustrado (1910-1941), fundado por los tipógrafos Alberto Sánchez y Abraham Cortés, nació como una revista para brindar ilustraciones, historia, información, literatura y variedades a sus lectores. En la segunda etapa de la revista (1925-1941), esta tuvo cambios que afectaron la manera en la que el género cuento se venía publicando en sus páginas, tanto el de autoría de escritores colombianos como el de extranjeros. Mediante un análisis de las relaciones entre prensa y literatura, y desde la perspectiva de las transferencias culturales y de los estudios sobre traducción, se muestra la manera en la que El Gráfico se transformó en un medio de comunicación que reafirmó la diferencia entre los circuitos especializados y comerciales de lo literario, y permitió ampliar el repertorio para el cuento colombiano (a partir de sus relaciones con los sistemas literarios francés, ruso y español).
Tratamientos y sus fórmulas en el español de Guinea Ecuatorial: Un estudio basado en la obra de Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel
Authors: Nguendjo Issacar
Published: September 2021

Los tratamientos y sus fórmulas presentan una configuración y una distribución muy complejas en el paisaje hispanófono en general. Sin embargo, como pasa muchas veces en los trabajos de lingüística española, se suelen limitar los estudios al español peninsular e hispanoamericano. El presente artículo analiza la cuestión de las fórmulas de tratamiento en otro espacio con características específicas, Guinea Ecuatorial, único país hispanófono de África subsahariana. Para ello, desde una aproximación metodológica inductiva, la reflexión se basa en un corpus múltiple, un cuento y dos novelas del autor guineano Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel, para poner de relieve el cruce de distribuciones, que sitúa el español de Guinea Ecuatorial fuera de la hispanofonía voseante por una parte, e indecisa en la distribución objetiva y sistemática entre el tuteo y el ustedeo (tú/vosotros/ustedes) tal como se presenta en España, por otra. Como hipótesis principal, planteamos la inexistencia, en las lenguas locales, de un pronombre personal (de segunda persona, con forma verbal correspondiente) que sirva de equivalente para el “usted” peninsular. Es ello un reflejo interferencial de las relaciones proxémicas en las lenguas y culturas locales que se plasma en la lengua española en tierras africanas.
Optimal design and performance evaluation of tuned mass damper inerter in building structures
Authors: Caicedo Diaz Daniel , Lara-Valencia Luis , Blandon John
Published: September 2021

This paper concerns the numerical performance evaluation of multi-degree-of-freedom systems equipped with Tuned Mass Dampers-Inerter (TMDIs); a passive control device used for the mitigation of mechanical vibrations induced by dynamic loads. The inerter device is commonly used to increase the apparent mass of classics tuned mass dampers (TMDs), improving its seismic performance. To evaluate the TMDI action, three case studies are employed, determined from three real buildings of Medellin city from low, medium to high rise (30 meters, 97 meters, and 144 meters, respectively). Optimum design parameters are found using a metaheuristic optimization based on the differential evolution method, first, for the minimization of the horizontal peak displacements, and then, for the minimization of the root mean square (RMS) response of displacements. Besides, the case studies are assessed using eight seismic accelerations records representative of the literature. Finally, the seismic performance is evaluated on each case study considering different levels of inertance induced by the inerter device: 5%, 20%, and 50% with respect to the total mass of the building, for which it is observed a better dynamic behavior when TMDIs with lower values of inertance are implemented.
Experimental Work on Using Fully Wrapped Post-Tensioned Metal Straps Around Normal Reinforced Concrete Beams to Increase Flexural Strength of R.C Beams
Authors: Abdullah Wrya , Omar Avesta , Rafiq Serwan
Published: September 2021

To increase the capacity load carrying of the beams, post tensioned metal straps are fully wrapped around the beams in their tensile zone in this study. In total four normal R.C beams with the depth of 160 mm, height of 240 mm and total length of 2100 mm are cast and tested under four-point load testing. The number of variables is kept to minimum of two which are the number and location of the straps. It is found that using post tensioned metal straps fully wrapped around the beams can increase the load-carrying capacity of the beams by 36% at least and 39% at a max. The main factor in influencing the rate is the location of the straps. A complete guide on using the material along with its application on the beams are explicitly described in the paper.
Solar Energy Potential in Horn of Africa: A Comparative Study Using Matlab/Simulink
Authors: DURSUN Erkan
Published: September 2021

Geographically, the Horn of Africa is one of the regions that the Equator passes over, providing the opportunity for vigorous solar energy. However, despite the enormous solar energy resources, more than half of the region, 132 million populations have not yet access to electricity. This study presents an overview of the potential of solar energy in the region. Then review the current solar energy status and policies related to it. A Matlab/Simulink model is developed to show the comparative analyses of the solar radiation graphically on the photovoltaic modules and electricity outputs for the Horn of African countries' capitals. As a result of the simulation model, Ethiopia-Addis Ababa receives the highest annual solar radiation of 2915.03 kWh/m2-year while Eritrea-Asmara with the lowest annual solar radiation of 2198.47 kWh/m2-year. The annual electrical output of the photovoltaic modules in Ethiopia-Addis Ababa is the highest with 286.685 kWh/year and Eritrea-Asmara 216.214 kWh/year as the lowest in the region. The number of photovoltaic modules and the optimum tilt angles are calculated. For Ethiopia-Addis Ababa, the lowest photovoltaic module number is 10, and the optimum PV tilt angle is 11.163°. For Eritrea-Asmara, the highest photovoltaic module number is 14, with a tilt angle of 15.397°.
Projections for dual radioisotope applications in PET imaging
Authors: KUDAY Sinan , ŞENGELEN Yusuf
Published: September 2021

Positron emission tomography (PET) are widely accepted and used as an effective medical imaging method. We have studied on the dual radioisotopes C11 and Cu60 together by modifying the isotopes used in Standard cyclindirial PET through GATE imaging simulation. We scan the proper resolution intervals and the distances between the sources and present the differences in parameters such as full width at half maximum (FWHM), intensity and contrast. Applying statistical χ^2 method, we aim to show the significance limits of above parameteric differences in PET simulations. These results may help determine in which conditions the imaging devices can be used with dual isotope method in clinical applications.
On the fine spectra of the Jacobi matrices on c_0,c,l_p (1≤p≤∞) and 〖bv〗_p (1≤p<∞)
Authors: DURNA Nuh , YILDIRIM Mustafa , KILIÇ Abbas
Published: September 2021

The spectrum and spectral divisions of band matrices are very new and popular topics of studies. In this paper, our aims are to investigate boundedness of Jacobi matrix which is a band matrix has important role in physics and give subdivisions of the spectra, which are approximate point spectrum, defect spectrum and compression spectrum, for a special type Jacobi matrix. Moreover, we will find the fine division of spectrum which is given by Goldberg with the help of it.
Molecular docking studies of N-Heterocyclic Carbene molecules with Thioredoxin Reductase and DNA
Authors: ÜSTÜN Elvan , ŞAHİN Neslihan
Published: September 2021

Thioredoxin which is induced by thioredoxin reductase causes the proliferation of cancerous cells and metastasis due to its effects on cell growth, besides its regulatory effects on the amount of reactive oxygen species. One of the procedures recently used in cancer treatment is thioredoxin reductase inhibition. Different types of bioactivities of NHC and metal-NHC complexes have been studied and anti-cancer is one of these activities. In addition to in-vitro anticancer activity, molecular docking methods are also one of the important methods used in drug design. This method achieves foresight about future studies and the mechanisms that are difficult to analyze experimentally. In this study, previously synthesized and characterized [1-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-3-(4-methylbenzyl) benzimidazolium]+ (1a) and [1-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-3-(4-isopropylbenzyl) benzimidazolium]+ (1b) molecules and their Ag(I)-NHC complexes (2a and 2b) were investigated using molecular docking method for thioredoxin reductase. In addition, the interaction of these molecules with DNA was evaluated. 2b has the best binding energy of -8.95 kcal/mol with the region that comprised Ile10, Phe254, Ala38, Val41 of thioredoxin reductase. Also, ligands interacted with Cyt11, Gua10, Cyt9, and Thy8 while complexes interacted with Ade5, Ade6, Thy7, and Thy8 part of DNA.
Magnetic phase transitions due to compositional variation across amorphous thin–films
Authors: TOKAÇ Mustafa
Published: September 2021

The structural and magnetic properties of amorphous thin–films with various CoFeTaB thicknesses were studied to observe magnetic phase transitions due to compositional variation through the CoFeTaB layer. The investigations of the structural properties of amorphous CoFeTaB thin–films were undertaken to confirm layer thickness, interface roughness, and their amorphous structure. Temperature dependent magnetic characterizations were performed to extract Curie temperatures of each thin–film structure, where there is evidence of more than one magnetic transition point. These transition points indicate magnetic phase transitions, which may be attributed to compositional variations across the amorphous CoFeTaB thin–films. Investigation of diffusion process in ferromagnetic thin–films is crucial for the development of spintronic applications.
Tetracycline adsorption via dye-attached polymeric microbeads
Authors: GÖÇENOĞLU SARIKAYA Aslı , OSMAN Bilgen
Published: September 2021

In this study, the adsorption of tetracycline (TC) onto polymeric microbeads was investigated. For this purpose, suspension polymerization was used to synthesize poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(HEMA)] microbeads. Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB) was covalently attached to poly(HEMA) microbeads and the microbeads were tested as an adsorbent for subsequent TC adsorption. The effects of various parameters, such as pH value, initial TC concentration, temperature, and contact time, were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity (Q) of microbeads was found to be 9.63 mg g-1 at pH 7.0. The results showed that the adsorption process was fast and occurred spontaneously within the first 5 minute. The adsorption process was fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption, the enthalpy (∆H°) and entropy (∆S°), were calculated as 69.26 kJ mol-1 and 0.290 kJ mol-1 K-1, respectively. The Gibbs free energy (∆G°) was also calculated in the range of -11.069 kJ mol-1 to -17.159 kJ mol-1 with increase in temperature from 277 K to 298 K indicating that the TC adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The results revealed that the poly(HEMA) microbeads could be effectively used to adsorption of TC from aqueous solution.
Objetos y materiales en la escuela infantil: historias que se recogen, se viven y se inician
Authors: Sendra Mocholí Cristina , Arbiol Gonzalez Clara
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo intentamos mostrar el aula de educación infantil como un espacio y un tiempo de historias que se recogen, se viven y se inician. El texto es fruto del estudio que hemos realizado en una escuela pública de una población cercana a la ciudad de Valencia. Es una escuela peculiar pues está en un paraje natural, donde el tiempo parece desacelerarse. Durante dos cursos hemos acompañado a las maestras y a las criaturas en dos aulas de 5 y 3 años. Nuestra investigación de carácter narrativo explora, desde distintos puntos de vista, los procesos de creación curricular que observábamos en las aulas. En nuestra práctica de observación recogemos hilos con los que enlazar historias que nos muestran como el currículum se va creando en la escuela. En este texto exploraremos uno de esos hilos de nuestro estudio: el papel que los materiales tienen en la vida del aula, cómo determinados objetos (libros, elementos naturales, fotografías…) conectan la vida del aula con la vida de las niñas y los niños y sus historias familiares, y cómo cuando las maestras acogen estos materiales y les hacen espacio, aparecen nuevas historias para vivirse desde ellas.
Testing the Functionality and Applicability of Smart Devices for a Handheld Celestial Navigation System
Authors: Grm Gašper , Grm Aleksander
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the functionality and applicability of smart devices for the purpose of handheld celestial navigation systems is investigated. The main instrument used to determine observer position (altitude measurements) in celestial navigation is the sextant. The use of a sextant and almanac or computer is a classical approach to determining the observer's celestial position. This approach has two significant limitations, firstly the time window for the measurements is short, and secondly, the view of the ocean horizon must be clear. With the use of smart devices, we can overcome these two obstacles and create a so-called handheld celestial navigation system. Currently, smart devices have very accurate sensors to measure various physical quantities such as acceleration, angular velocity, orientation, etc. We are particularly interested in validating the orientation sensor for measuring the altitude and azimuth of the celestial body. The altitude of the celestial body is the primary parameter in determining the celestial position using a sextant. The idea is to replace the sextant with a smart device to measure the altitude and possibly the azimuth of the celestial body. To test this idea, two types of experiments are designed. In the first, a system on a tripod to obtain the most accurate measurements possible is set. Such tests will provide detailed information about the accuracy of the smart device's sensors and its applicability in measuring altitude and azimuth. The test system will essentially resemble a theodolite device. In the second experiment, a hands-free measurement experiment that resembles a sextant to test the idea for practical use and functionality in the process of celestial positioning is set. The observed data show that the results of the measurements under controlled conditions are promising and within reasonable bounds for the accuracy of celestial positioning. Estimates of the position error by the graphical method are in the range of 10 Nm to 30 Nm. In order to obtain a fully functional stand-alone celestial positioning system, the proposed assembly needs to be improved through several unchallenging upgrades. A fully functional system can be considered as a cheap off-the-shelf handheld Celestial Navigational System (CNS).
A survey of microearthquake activity along the San Andreas fault from Carrizo Plains to Lake Hughes
Authors: Carlson R. , Kanamori H. , McNally K.
Published: September 2021

abstract

An array of moveable seismographic trailers was deployed at three sites along the northern section of the “Big Bend” in the San Andreas fault in southern California. The three sites monitored were the Carrizo Plains, Frazier Park, and Lake Hughes areas. Effective observation times at each site ranged from 38 to 69 days. The microearthquake activity rates observed were 0.3 events/day, 3.0 events/day, and 1.9 events/day, respectively, based on the number of located events plus the number of unlocated events with S-P ≦ 3.0 sec. The majority of the activity does not appear to be directly associated with the San Andreas fault. A comparison of the activity rates observed in this study with the results of a survey conducted in the same areas by Brune and Allen (1967), indicates more than an order of magnitude increase in activity rate in the Lake Hughes area and nearly the same levels of activity at the Carrizo Plains and Frazier Park sites.
Attenuation of intensities in Iran
Authors: Chandra Umesh , McWhorter James G. , Nowroozi Ali A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The isoseismal maps for twelve earthquakes in different parts of Iran were analyzed to study the attenuation of intensities with distance. The attenuation is quite sensitive to the selection of epicentral intensities, I0, for the earthquakes considered. A graphical method presented in this paper provides a consistent basis for the estimation of epicentral intensities, for different earthquakes, from the intensity-distance plot. The attenuation relations were derived by using an iterative least squares fit procedure, wherein an initial approximate estimate of epicentral intensity for each earthquake is successively improved. The isoseismal maps for a number of earthquakes are elongated in the direction of local structural trend/causative faults. Therefore, three different attenuation relations were derived.

I ( R ) = I 0 + 6.453 − 0.00121 R − 4.960 log ⁡ ( R + 20 ) R < 120 km average attenuation I ( R ) = I 0 + 4.824 − 0.00548 R − 3.708 log ⁡ ( R + 20 ) R < 160 km parallel to the isoseismals I ( R ) = I 0 + 8.729 − 0.01158 R − 6.709 log ⁡ ( R + 20 ) R < 110 km transverse to the isoseismals

where I(R) is the intensity at a distance R (km) from the epicenter.

The average attenuation of intensities in Iran is slightly more rapid than the San Andreas province attenuation.
A comparison of the seismicity of three regions of the Eastern U.S.
Authors: Chinnery Michael A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Frequency-intensity data from the Southeastern U.S., Central Mississippi Valley, and Southern New England are compared. They are all quite parallel to one another and consistent with a slope of about 0.57. There is no evidence for the existence of upper bounds to maximum epicentral intensity in these data sets. Linear extrapolation of the frequency-intensity data to intensities of X leads to expected probabilities for the occurrence of large earthquakes. The largest events which have occurred in these three regions are consistent with these probabilities.
The horse canyon earthquake of August 2, 1975—Two-stage stress-release process in a strike-slip earthquake
Authors: Hartzell Stephen , Brune James N.
Published: September 2021

abstract

A moderate strike-slip earthquake (ML = 4.8) occurred on the San Jacinto fault system about 60 km northwest of the Salton Sea on August 2, 1975. Analysis of main shock and aftershock data suggest that stress release during this earthquake took place in two stages. During one stage faulting occurred over a relatively small source area (source radius of ∼0.5 km), with a rapid dislocaton rate (rise time ∼0.1 sec), possibly associated with an asperity on the fault. During the second stage of faulting, the rupture front grew, but at a much slower rate (rise time ∼10 sec), to a final source radius of ∼1.0 km. The above model explains the larger moment estimate based on 20-sec surface waves compared to shorter period body-wave estimates, and also the apparent increase in source dimension with time. The model allows for large stress drops over small source dimensions, but when averaged over the final extent of the rupture plane, stress drops are much lower. The rupture of the asperity is characterized by a moment of 6.5 × 1022 dyne-cm and a stress drop of about 225 bars. The total moment is about 3.0 × 1023 dyne-cm with an averaged stress drop over the fault plane of approximately 90 bars and a dislocation of 25 cm. Observations similar to the ones reported on here have been noted for other earthquakes with a wide range of magnitudes, including: a few large earthquakes in Japan, the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and some of its aftershocks, the 1975 Oroville earthquake, and some swarm events in the Imperial Valley. These observations suggest that a two-stage rupture mechanism may be a fairly common occurrence in shallow faulting and may reflect possible large variations in stress over a length scale of kilometers within the crust.
Reflection and transmission of obliquely incident Rayleigh waves at a vertical discontinuity between two welded quarter-spaces
Authors: Chen Thomas C. , Alsop Leonard E.
Published: September 2021

abstract

We use an approximate method to study the reflection and transmission of obliquely incident Rayleigh waves on a vertical boundary between two welded quarter-spaces. For two media with a phase velocity ratio of 1.16 our calculation shows that the transmitted energy follows a reciprocity relation and decreases from near 100 per cent at normal incidence to 50 per cent at about 40°. The reflected energy is less than 1 per cent for angles of reflection less than 40°. When the Rayleigh wave impinges upon the less rigid medium, the reflected energy decreases as the angle of incidence increases; whereas for incidence at the more rigid medium, the reflected energy decreases at first, and then it increases as the angle of incidence increases. Since boundary conditions on the free surface are not taken into account by our method, diffraction effects are ignored. The effect of neglecting the free surface requirement is difficult to quantify, but we believe that it is small since the calcualted and experimental results agree well at normal incidence.
A semi-empirical approach to prediction of long-period ground motions from great earthquakes
Authors: Kanamori Hiroo
Published: September 2021

abstract

Predictability of long-period (1 sec or longer) ground motions generated by long strike-slip earthquakes such as the 1906 San Francisco and the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquakes, is investigated. Most large earthquakes are complex multiple events at this period range, and the resulting ground motion may be synthesized by convolving the ground motions of the individual event with the source function that describes the space-time history of the multiple shock sequence. Since it is not possible to predict deterministically the complexity of the rupture propagation, a semi-empirical approach was taken. For the ground motion from the individual events, the displacement records observed for the 1968 Borrego Mountain, California, earthquake were used after correcting for the distance and the radiation pattern. These records which were used as an empirical Green's function for the individual events were superposed, with some randomness, to produce ground motions resulting from a large earthquake. The models were constrained by gross seismological data at three periods. At 1 sec they are constrained by the observed upper bound of the local magnitude (ML = 714), and, at about 10 sec, by the upper bound of the seismic moment of the individual event of multiple shocks (5 × 1026 dyne-cm). At very long periods, the models have the correct total seismic moment. The results obtained for a model of the 1857 earthquake indicate that: (1) the velocity response spectra of ground motions in the near-field are nearly flat at about 50 cm/sec over the period range from 1 to 10 sec under normal conditions; (2) under certain circumstances they can be as large as 150 cm/sec; (3) the maximum duration of the ground motion is 6 min. These results are considered reasonable because they satisfy all the seismological constraints currently available over a wide period range.
Seismic waves from finite faults in layered media
Authors: Abramovici F. , Gal-Ezer J.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The time-dependent solution for a multipolar source in a structure consisting of a homogeneous layer over a homogeneous half-space is obtained as a sum of generalized rays. Numerical seismograms are calculated for a horizontal strikeslip and a horizontal dip-slip for a point-source, a finite line-source, and a finite two-dimensional source in the form of a rectangle. For comparison, the displacements in a homogeneous space and half-space are also calculated.

The seismograms for finite sources are similar to those for a point-source but show less conspicuous phases, the arriving pulses being wider and less sharp.
Study of the characteristics of strong-motion Fourier spectra on bedrock
Authors: Ishida Katsuhiko
Published: September 2021

abstract

In order to qualitatively study the Fourier spectral characteristics of strong-motion earthquake records on bedrock, the Fourier spectra of 17 accelerograms (4.3 ≦ M ≦ 7.1), which were recorded in Japan, are analyzed. The shear-wave velocities (Vs) for these records of the sites are as follows: site A1, Vs = 1.3 km/sec and site B1, Vs = 1.6 km/sec. The acceleration spectra on bedrock are estimated by statistically analyzing the above 17 accelerograms. Method of least-square is used to obtain the amplitude of the Fourier spectrum (amplitude = a + b · T) between period 0.1 sec and Tm sec (where Tm = 100.39M−1.7 sec). The distribution of coefficient {b} is investigated. As a result of this investigation, the confidence interval for the population mean of {b} is established.

The result of this investigation suggests that the averaged Fourier amplitude spectra on bedrock can be considered to flat statistically during the above period range. This quantitative result agrees well with the characteristics of theoretical spectra calculated by propagating fault model. The period Tm and the corner frequency (Savage, 1972) also agree well for magnitude ≧6.0.

Kanai (1957), in his study on the characteristics of spectra on bedrock, concluded that the velocity spectrum seemed to be flat. However, he had computed the velocity spectrum from the response of a single degree of freedom system. His conclusions agree quite well with the results of this study.

From this paper, it can be concluded that the shape of the averaged spectra on bedrock should be flat during periods 0.1 sec and Tm sec [for magnitude < 6.0, the corner frequency (Savage, 1972) should be replaced with Tm]. In other words, the results indicate that the averaged Fourier spectra of accelerograms observed at a given site should be similar to the transfer function of that site. Hence, the site dependent spectra proposed by many investigators (Housner, 1952; Newmark et al., 1973; Seed et al., 1974; Kiremidjian and Shah, 1978) represent the transfer function of the site.
Comparative analysis of efficacy and tolerability of tramadol versus diclofenac in treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Kanjiya Rima , Kotadia Ravi
Published: September 2021

Background: Present study was conducted on patients of osteoarthritis (OA) treated with the traditional drug diclofenac sodium and compares it with tramadol, with the primary objective for determining effectiveness and tolerability based on WOMAC scores.Methods: The study was conducted as a randomized clinical study of the effectiveness and tolerability of tramadol versus diclofenac in the treatment of knee OA, at Tertiary care institute of Gujarat in the department of orthopedics. Consecutive patients were allotted serially in two groups; tramadol group (n=75) One tablet orally twice daily for 8 weeks. Diclofenac group (n75) patients received 75 mg oral dose of diclofenac 2 times daily for a period of 8 weeks. Overall improvement was evaluated through various parameters.Results: About 33% decrease in the scoring of stiffness domain of the WOMAC OA index questionnaire in the tramadol group and a 21% decline in the diclofenac group was observed. There was a 65% decrease in the scoring of knee joint tenderness questionnaire in the tramadol group and a 44% reduction in the diclofenac group. Tramadol was found to be more effective in improving the WOMAC OA index. WOMAC score (overall) and knee joint tenderness scores were also improved by tramadol than diclofenac.Conclusions: There was a significant improvement in the standard of life in patients suffering from knee OA when treated with tramadol. Tolerability was better with tramadol than diclofenac.
Study on drug profile used in common pregnancy influenced issues and its complications
Authors: V. Semmalar G. , S. J. Kaviya Anisha , B. Terry Sheetal , T. Saravanakumar R. , K. Latha
Published: September 2021

Background: Pregnancy influenced issues are common among pregnant women treated by medications that causes complication in mother and fetus. The study aims to identify patients with pregnancy influenced issues like gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux disease and anaemia. To assess the drug used pattern along with antibiotic therapy and to observe the above disease related complications.Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted at department of obstetrics and gynecology in Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. Totally 100 patients enrolled and data was collected using data collection form.Results: Out of 100 patients, high prevalence occurred in 26-30 years of age. Primarily gestational hypertension (39%), treated with Tab. Labetatol and complications were premature delivery, low birth weight. Anaemia (25%) cases treated with Tab. Ferrous sulphate, Iron sucrose and Folic Acid, Preterm delivery as complication. Gestational diabetes mellitus (18%) treated with Metformin and Human Insulin and complications were preterm delivery, maternal obesity, increased child weight. GERD (8%) treated with Pantoprazole, Ondansetron, Bifilac and complications were weight loss, dehydration, low birth weight. In pre-operative cases, 79% received antibiotics as monotherapy and 21% as dual therapy. In post-operative cases, 41% received antibiotics as monotherapy and 59% as dual therapy. Metronidazole (95%) given in both post and pre- operative conditions.Conclusions: The present study provides valuable insight about the overall drugs used in pregnancy related diseases and complications arise. We hope our data will make necessary recommendations to all health care professionals and pregnant women to ensure all pregnancy related safety measures were taken.
Comparison of the proportion of overweight and obesity using 2015 Indian Academy of Pediatrics and WHO body mass index charts among 5-18 years old children attending a tertiary care centre in South Kerala
Authors: Cyril Jose P. , Stephenson Baburaj , Christy Bobby , Sabu Roshan , Ali Axina , John Silpa Mariyam
Published: September 2021

Background: Childhood obesity is associated with impaired health during childhood and it is a risk factor for later adult diseases if left untreated. There is a rising trend of over nutrition in developing countries including India. Hence the present study has been envisaged to estimate the proportion of overweight/obesity among 5-18 years old children of a tertiary care centre in South Kerala. The objective of this study was to compare the proportion of overweight and obesity using 2015 Indian Academy of Paediatrics and WHO BMI charts among 5-18 years old children attending a tertiary care centre in South Kerala.Methods: After getting ethical committee clearance this cross-sectional study was conducted among children between 5 and 18 years of age in the department of paediatrics of a tertiary care centre in South Kerala, during the period between August 2018-October 2020. The BMI was plotted and analysed with appropriate software.Results: Among the 250 children the proportion of obesity and overweight was 88 (35.2%) by IAP standards, 63 (25.2%) by WHO standards. The highest proportion of obesity was found in children aged between 7-8.5 years 17 (38.6%). There was a statistically significant association between age and BMI status (p value<0.001).Conclusions: IAP BMI standards are more suitable for Indian children to identify the proportion of overweight and obesity than WHO standards. Also, this study alerts us to concentrate more on the age group between 7-10.5 years for early prevention of childhood obesity and overweight.
Vitamin D status in exclusively breastfed infants and their mothers
Authors: Kumaran C. R. Vignesh , Sivakumar K. V. , Kumar R. Suresh
Published: September 2021

Background: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in exclusively breastfed infants was found to be 82%, 52% and 20 % from UAE, Pakistan and China respectively but there is a paucity of data from India regarding the same.Methods: Prevalence of subclinical Hypovitaminosis D in exclusive breastfed babies and their mothers. This study was a descriptive study conducted among breastfed infants and their mothers to reconnoitre the vitamin D level status. All exclusively breast fed healthy term babies with birth weight >2.5 kg who are less than 6 months of age and its mothers. The existence of correlation in the mean vitamin D level between the exclusively breastfed mothers and its infants.Results: The infants status of vitamin D deficiency and insufficient was 91.9% and 8.1% respectively. The mothers status of vitamin D deficiency and insufficient was 78.3% and 21.7% respectively.Conclusions: Hypovitaminosis D was highly prevalent among mothers living in tropical area irrespective of diet habits or socioeconomic group. There was a significant positive correlation in the mean Vitamin D level of the mothers and their exclusively breastfed infants.
Trends in prevalence of low-birth-weight babies in India
Authors: Roy Ananya , Akter Zobaida M. , Biswas Dhiraj Chandra
Published: September 2021

Low birth weight (LBW) affects newborns’ survival and is a global concern especially for developing countries. It is the most common health indicator for assessing neonates’ health conditions. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of LBW in India in background of global perspective. A systemic review of the literatures was done, available in the principle medical databases including PubMed (including Medline), Google scholar, Web of science and Scopus from 2000 to 2021. A total of 65 articles were identified in the described database. Altogether 24 articles met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for data analysis. According to the all four national family health survey (NFHS) a decreasing trend is observed in the prevalence of LBW. The prevalence of LBW in India is 16.4 % in NFHS-4, 20.9% in NHFS-3, 22.9% in NFHS-2 and 25.2% in NHFS-4 respectively. A number of socio-demographic and maternal factors are responsible for LBW babies in India. LBW babies are global public health concern. Special emphasis should be given to the underlying factors responsible for LBW babies in India.
Disseminated Glioneuronal Tumor: A rare presentation in children
Authors: Kumari Neha , Patil Namrata S. , Mukherjee Ananya , Save Sushma U.
Published: September 2021

Gliomas, though most common pediatric central nervous system tumor, can manifest as disseminated glio-neuronal tumor, a rare variant in children. Clinical presentation depends on its location, type and age of child. We are presenting 8 years old male child with fever, projectile vomiting and severe headache which woke him up from deep sleep for 1 month. He had positive meningeal signs and raised intracranial tension with cerebrospinal fluid picture suggestive of partially treated meningitis. There was no improvement even on adequate duration of intravenous antibiotics and had appearance of new onset false localizing signs, MRI brain showed features of cryptococcal meningitis for which India ink staining was negative. As clinical picture was unlike of meningitis, repeat 3 tesla MRI brain was done. Expert neuro-radiologist’s opinion was in favor of disseminated glio-neuronal tumor which was confirmed on histopathological examination. Child underwent laminectomy in TATA memorial hospital and advised palliative care. Child succumbed at home within 6 months of illness.
Assesment of relationship between perceived stress and knowledge among oral health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross- sectional study
Authors: Jain Vaibhav , Singh Randhir , Sarkar Abir
Published: September 2021

The lack of knowledge and stress towards COVID-19 can lead to unfavorable dentist’s attitude towards the practice making them reluctant and fearful in dental operatory. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and perceived stress among dental practitioners during current COVID-19 outbreak.

: In this study, a total of 459 dental practitioners involving both general practitioners and specialists from different types of practice completed a questionnaire for assessment of knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 and stress perceived by them. The association of perceived stress for gender, age, designation and type of practice was analyzed using Chi-square tests with Statistical significance set at 5% level.

total of 459 individuals participated in study with 51.0% males and 49.0% females, of them 54.7% were specialists and 45.31% general dental practitioners, working at different types of practices. More than 90% were aware of mode of transmission and were following current guidelines. Similar results were observed for attitude towards COVID-19. Majority of participants had total PSS scores in the study sample ranged from 0-38, with total mean scores of 17.08 (±7.8), Men demonstrated significantly lower values PSS scores when compared to females (p<0.05), similar results were observed for age.

Covid-19 pandemic has led to increased level of stress among dental practitioner’s despite of possessing high level of knowledge and positive attitude.
Comparitive evaluation of BMI & academic performance in ECC & non ECC 3-6 yr old school going children
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Kaur Gangandeep , Vaidehi Amba , Kishore Avinash , Asif Anaba , Joshi Mitul
Published: September 2021

To study the association between ECC, IQ & health in Sri ganganagar, Rajasthan.

to assess BMI & academic performance in ECC & Non ECC 3-6yr old school going children in Sri ganganagar, Rajasthan.

A total of 300 children were evaluated and oral examination was done using BMI scale – CDC (Centers for disease control and prevention), Weight scale- Unificare company Height scale – 200 cm Roll Ruller wall Mounted Height Stadiometer, Academic performance grade as per school record & Dentition status for caries assessment was conducted using dmf index of WHO form 1997. .

A total of 300 school going children were selected from Sri ganganagar, Rajasthan of which 150 were having ECC & 150 Non ECC in the age groups of 3, 4, 5 and 6 years. Correlation between the ECC & Academic performance is stated.
Anti-viral activity of Staphylococcus aureus lysates against herpes simplex virus type-I infection: an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors:   Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Lin Tian-Lan , Zeng Wei-Ting ,   Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Duan Fang ,   Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Pei Yin-Hui ,   Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Liu Xiu-Ping ,   Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Shang Fu ,   Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Wu Kai-Li ,   Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
Published: September 2021

AIM: To investigate the effect of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aures) lysates (SALs) on herpes simplex virus type-I (HSV1) infection in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and in a mouse model of HSV1 keratitis.
METHODS: HCE, Vero, HeLa, and BV2 cells were infected with HSV1 [HSV1 f strain, HSV1f; HSV-1-H129 with green fluorescent protein (GFP) knock-in, HSV1g]. Pre- or post-infection, SAL at various concentrations was added to the culture medium for 24h. GFP fluorescence in HSV1g or plaque formation by HSV1f were examined. The effects of heat-treated SAL, precooled acetone-precipitated SAL, and SAL subjected to ultrafiltration (100 kDa) were evaluated. The effects of other bacterial components and lysates on HSV1 infection were also tested, including lipoteichoic acid (LTA), peptidoglycan (PGN), staphylococcal protein A (SPA), and α-hemolysin from S. aureus (α-toxin) as well as lysates from a wild-type S. aureus strain, S. epidermidis, and Escherichia coli (W-SAL, SEL, and ECL, respectively). In addition, SAL eye drops were applied topically to BALB/c mice with HSV1 keratitis, followed by in vivo observations.
RESULTS: The cytopathic effect, plaque formation (HSV1f), and GFP expression (HSV1g) in infected cells were inhibited by SAL in a dose-dependent manner. The active component of SAL (≥100 kDa) was heat-sensitive and retained activity after acetone precipitation. In HSV1g-infected cells, treatment with LTA-sa, α-toxin, PGN-sa, or SPA did not inhibit GFP expression. SAL, W-SAL, and SEL (but not ECL) decreased GFP expression. In mice with HSV1 keratitis, SAL reduced corneal lesions by 71%.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that SAL can be used to inhibit HSV1 infection, particularly keratitis. Further studies are needed to determine the active components and mechanism underlying the effects of SAL.
Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies: case series and literature review
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China, You Ya-Yan , Wang Xin-Yan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China, Chen Jin ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China, Wang Zheng-Rong ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China, Wang Xing-Hua ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China, Jiang Fa-Gang ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
Published: September 2021

Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies (IOWFBs) constitute a relatively rare ocular trauma, which occupy a special type of intraorbital foreign bodies (IOFBs). Data regarding IOWFBs must be obtained from case reports or small case series due to their rarity. Here, we reported 5 cases of IOWFBs and reviewed the related literatures, which could provide comprehensive information regarding the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of IOWFBs. Combined with the published literature, a total of 51 independent cases were counted after we added 5 cases. Among them, the number of male and female patients was 35 and 16 respectively; the mean age was 27.3±18.2 (range 1-66)y. Obviously, the disorder seemed to occur mainly in young and middle-aged people. Because of the diversity in the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of IOWFBs, misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis often occur during the initial visit. Delayed diagnosis may lead to a high risk of orbital infection caused by IOWFBs. Surgery is the treatment of choice for most patients; however, the missed diagnosis and residue of foreign bodies after previous surgery cannot be ignored. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is governed by the detailed trauma history, careful ocular examination, close observation of clinical manifestations, correct imaging diagnosis [e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT)], and timely and completely elimination of IOWFBs.
Discourse analysis of the American working youth communities on the social network Reddit
Authors: Bocharov Vladislav Yu.
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the working conditions and employment of American working youth during the global pandemic (2020) within the discursive space of the online communities of the social network Reddit. The aim of the study was to conduct a discourse-analysis of professional virtual communities of American working youth. The main tasks were to analyze the specifics of the language of online communication of American working youth, to identify the main problems of employment and labor relations relevant to young Americans, to find out how much American working youth identify with the working class, and to study its class interests, class positions and feelings of solidarity. Infrequent (basic) and frequent (additional) content analyses were used to analyze empirical information (143 text and visual posts in 11 communities of the social network Reddit). The results of the study draw conclusions about the presence of a specific language of communication, similar conditions of employment and living standards, the stability of class positions and the high level of virtual solidarity of American working youth. Comparison of the data obtained with the results of our previous study of virtual communities of Russian working youth allows us to tell about the similarities and differences between American and Russian youth. The main common feature characteristic of both (American and Russian) working youth is the presence of their own group identity.