bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extent of Fecal Contamination of Household Drinking Water in Nepal: Further Analysis of Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014
Authors: Kandel Pragya , Kunwar Ritu , Lamichhane Prabhat , Karki Surendra
Published: November 2016

Water sources classified as “improved” may not necessarily provide safe drinking water for householders. We analyzed data from Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014 to explore the extent of fecal contamination of household drinking water. Fecal contamination was detected in 81.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.9–84.2) household drinking water from improved sources and 89.6% (95% CI: 80.4–94.7) in water samples from unimproved sources. In adjusted analysis, there was no difference in odds of fecal contamination of household drinking water between improved and unimproved sources. We observed significantly lower odds of fecal contamination of drinking water in households in higher wealth quintiles, where soap and water were available for handwashing and in households employing water treatment. The extent of contamination of drinking water as observed in this study highlights the huge amount of effort required to ensure the provision of safely managed water in Nepal by 2030 as aimed in sustainable development goals.
Day- and Night-time Formation of Organic Nitrates at a Forested
Mountain-site in South West Germany
Authors: Sobanski Nicolas , Thieser Jim , Schuladen Jan , Sauvage Carina , Song Wei , Williams Jonathan , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We report in-situ measurement of total peroxy-nitrates (ƩPNs) and total alkyl nitrates (ƩANs) in a forested/urban location at the top of the Kleiner Feldberg mountain in South-West Germany. The data, obtained using Thermal Dissociation Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (TD-CRDS) in August-September 2011 (PARADE campaign) and July–August 2015 (NOTOMO campaign), represent the first detailed study of ƩPNs and ƩANs over continental Europe. We find that a significant fraction of NOx (up to 75 %) is sequestered as organics nitrates at this site. Futher, we also show that the night-time production of alkyl nitrates by reaction of NO3 with biogenic hydrocarbons is comparable to that from day-time, OH-initiated oxidation pathways. The ƩANs-to-ozone ratio obtained during PARADE was used to derive an approximate, average yield of organic nitrates at noon time from the OH initiated oxidation of VOCs of 7 % at this site in 2011, which is comparable with that obtained from an analysis of VOCs at the site. A much lower yield,
Calibration of a photoacoustic spectrometer cell using light absorbing aerosols. A technical note
Authors: Bluvshtein Nir , Flores J. Michel , He Quanfu , Segre Enrico , Segev Lior , Hong Nina , Donohue Andrea , Hilfiker James N. , Rudich Yinon
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Multi-pass photoacoustic spectrometer (PAS) is an important tool for the direct measurement of light absorption by atmospheric aerosol. And accurate PAS measurements require an accurate calibration of its signal. Ozone is often used for calibrating the PAS by relating the instrument signal to the absorption coefficient measured by an independent method such as cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRD), cavity enhanced spectroscopy (CES) or an ozone monitor. We report here a calibration method that uses measured absorption coefficients of aerosolized, light absorbing organic materials and offer an alternative approach to calibrate the PAS at 404 nm. To implement this method we first determined the complex refractive index of an organic dye using spectroscopic ellipsometry, and then we use this well characterized material as a standard material for PAS calibration.
An integrated approach to monitoring the calibration stability of operational dual-polarization radars
Authors: Vaccarono Mattia , Bechini Renzo , Chandrasekar Chandra V. , Cremonini Roberto , Cassardo Claudio
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The stability of weather radar calibration is a mandatory aspect for quantitative applications, such as rainfall estimation, short-term weather prediction and initialization of numerical atmospheric and hydrological models. Over the years, calibration monitoring techniques based on external sources have been developed, specifically calibration using the Sun and calibration based on ground clutter returns. In this paper, these two techniques are integrated and complemented with a self-consistency procedure and an intercalibration technique. The aim of the integrated approach is to implement a robust method for online monitoring, able to detect significant changes in the radar calibration. The physical consistency of polarimetric radar observables is exploited using the self-consistency approach, based on the expected correspondence between dual-polarization power and phase measurements in rain. This technique allows a reference absolute value to be provided for the radar calibration, from which eventual deviations may be detected using the other procedures. In particular, the ground clutter calibration is implemented on both polarization channels (horizontal and vertical) for each radar scan, allowing the polarimetric variables to be monitored and hardware failures to promptly be recognized. The Sun calibration allows monitoring the calibration and sensitivity of the radar receiver, in addition to the antenna pointing accuracy. It is applied using observations collected during the standard operational scans but requires long integration times (several days) in order to accumulate a sufficient amount of useful data. Finally, an intercalibration technique is developed and performed to compare colocated measurements collected in rain by two radars in overlapping regions. The integrated approach is performed on the C-band weather radar network in northwestern Italy, during July–October 2014. The set of methods considered appears suitable to establish an online tool to monitor the stability of the radar calibration with an accuracy of about 2 dB. This is considered adequate to automatically detect any unexpected change in the radar system requiring further data analysis or on-site measurements.
Separating of Overstory and Understory Leaf Area Indices for
Global Needleleaf and Deciduous Broadleaf Forests by Fusion of
MODIS and MISR Data
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Ronggao , Pisek Jan , Chen Jing
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Forest overstory and understory layers differ in carbon and water cycle regimes, phenology, as well as ecosystem functions. Separate retrievals of Leaf Area Index (LAI) for these two layers would help to improve modeling forest biogeochemical cycles and evaluating forest ecosystem functions. In this paper, overstory and understory LAI values were estimated separately for global needleleaf and deciduous broadleaf forests by fusing MISR and MODIS observations. Monthly forest understory LAI was retrieved from the forest understory reflectivity estimated using MISR data. After correcting for the background contribution using monthly mean forest understory reflectivities, the forest overstory LAI was estimated from MODIS observations. The results demonstrate that forest understory vegetation is mainly distributed in the boreal forest zones at northern latitudes. Significant seasonal variations are presented for understory vegetation in these zones with LAI values up to 2–3 from June to August. Higher understory LAI values are found in needleleaf forests (with mean value of 1.06 for evergreen needleleaf forests and 1.04 for deciduous needleleaf forests) than in deciduous broadleaf forests (0.96) due to the more clumped foliage and easier penetration of light to the forest floor in needleleaf forests. The magnitude of seasonal variations of overstory LAI is larger for deciduous needleleaf forests than those of evergreen and deciduous needleleaf forests. In contrast, for forest understory, needleleaf forests show larger seasonal variations than broadleaf forests. Spatially and seasonally variable forest understory reflectivity helps to account for the effects of the forest background on LAI retrieval while compared with constant forest background. The retrieved forest overstory and understory LAI values were compared with an existing dataset for larch forests in Northern Eurasia. The retrieved overstory and understory LAI is close to that of the existing dataset, with an absolute error of 0.34 (0.06), relative error of 21.1 % (14.3 %) and RMSE of 0.93 (0.29) for overstory (understory). The comparisons between our results and field measurements in eight forest sites show that the R2 are 0.62 and 0.52, and the RMSE are 0.62 and 1.36 for understory and overstory LAI, respectively.
Interactions among temperature, moisture, and oxygen
concentrations in controlling decomposition rates
Authors: Sierra Carlos A. , Malghani Saadatullah , Loescher Henry W.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Determining environmental controls on soil organic matter decomposition is of importance for developing models that predict the effects of environmental change on global soil carbon stocks. There is uncertainty about the environmental controls on decomposition rates at temperature and moisture extremes, particularly at high water content levels and high temperatures. It is uncertain whether observed declines of decomposition rates at high temperatures are due to declines in the heat capacity of extracellular enzymes as predicted by thermodynamic theory, or due to simultaneous declines in soil moisture. It is also uncertain whether oxygen limits decomposition rates at high water contents. Here we present results from a full factorial experiment using organic arctic soils incubated at high temperatures (25 and 35 degrees C), a wide range of water-filled pore space WFPS (15, 30, 60, 90 %), and contrasting oxygen concentrations (1 and 20 %). We found support for the hypothesis that decomposition rates increase at high temperatures provided enough moisture and oxygen is available for decomposition. Furthermore, we found that decomposition rate is mostly limited by oxygen concentrations at high moisture levels; even at 90 % WFPS, decomposition proceeded at high rates in the presence of oxygen. Our results suggest an important degree of interactions among temperature, moisture, and oxygen in determining decomposition rates at the soil-core scale.
Biological and environmental rhythms in (dark) deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystems
Authors: Cuvelier Daphne , Legendre Pierre , Laes-Huon Agathe , Sarradin Pierre-Marie , Sarrazin Jozée
Published: November 2016

Abstract. During 2011, two deep-sea observatories focusing on hydrothermal vent ecology were up and running in the Atlantic (Eiffel Tower, Lucky Strike vent field) and the North-East Pacific Ocean (NEP) (Grotto, Main Endeavour field). Both ecological modules recorded imagery and environmental variables jointly for a time span of 23 days (7–30 October 2011) and environmental variables for up to 9 months (October 2011 to June 2012). Community dynamics were assessed based on imagery analysis and rhythms in temporal variation for both fauna and environment were revealed. Tidal rhythms were found to be at play in the two settings and were most visible in temperature and tubeworm appearances (at NEP). A 6-hour lag in tidal rhythm occurrence was observed between Pacific and Atlantic hydrothermal vents which corresponds to the geographical distance and time delay between the two sites.
River profile response to normal fault growth and linkage: An
example from the Hellenic forearc of south-central Crete, Greece
Authors: Gallen Sean F. , Wegmann Karl W.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Topography is a reflection of the tectonic and geodynamic processes that act to uplift the Earth's surface and the erosional processes that work to return it to base level. Numerous studies have shown that topography is a sensitive recorder or tectonic signals. A quasi-physical understanding of the relationship between river incision and rock uplift has made the analysis of fluvial topography a popular technique for deciphering relative, and some argue absolute, histories of rock uplift. Here we present results from a study of the fluvial topography from south-central Crete demonstrating that river longitudinal profiles indeed record the relative history of uplift, but several other processes make it difficult to recover quantitative uplift histories. Prior research demonstrates that the south-central coastline of Crete is bound by a large (~100 km long) E-W striking composite normal fault system. Marine terraces reveal that it is uplifting between 0.1–1.0 mm yr−1. These studies suggest that two normal fault systems, the offshore Ptolemy and onshore South-Central Crete faults linked together in the recent geologic past (Ca. 0.4–1 Myrs bp). Fault mechanics predicts that when adjacent faults link into a single fault the uplift rate in the linkage zone will increase rapidly. Using river profile analysis we show that rivers in south-central Crete record the relative uplift history of fault growth and linkage, as theory predicts that they should. Calibration of the commonly used stream power incision model shows that the slope exponent, n, is ~ 0.5, contrary to most studies that find n ≥ 1. Analysis of fluvial knickpoints shows that migration distances are not proportional to upstream contributing drainage area, as predicted by the stream power incision model. Maps of the transformed stream distance variable, χ, indicate that drainage basin instability, drainage divide migration and river capture events complicate river profile analysis in south-central Crete. Waterfalls are observed in southern Crete and appear to operate under less efficient and different incision mechanics than assumed by the stream power incision model. Drainage area exchange and waterfall formation are argued to obscure linkages between empirically derived metrics and quasi-physical descriptions of river incision, making is difficult to quantitatively interpret rock uplift histories from river profiles in this setting. Karst hydrology, break down of assumed drainage area-discharge scaling and chemical weathering might also contribute to the failure of the stream power incision model to adequately predict the behavior of the fluvial system in south-central Crete.
A water risk index for portfolio exposure to climatic extremes:
conceptualization and an application to the mining industry
Authors: Bonnafous Luc , Lall Upmanu , Siegel Jason
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Corporations, industries and non-governmental organizations have become increasingly concerned with growing water risks in many parts of the world. Most of the focus has been on water scarcity and competition for the resource between agriculture, urban users, ecology and industry. However, water risks are multidimensional. Water related hazards include flooding due to extreme rainfall, persistent drought, and pollution, either due to industrial operations themselves, or to the failure of infrastructure. Most companies have risk management plans at each operational location to address these risks to a certain design level. The residual risk may or may not be managed, and is typically not quantified at a portfolio scale, i.e., across many sites. Given that climate is the driver of many of these extreme events, and there is evidence of quasi-periodic climate regimes at inter-annual and decadal time scales, it is possible that a portfolio is subject to persistent, multi-year exceedances of the design level. In other words, for a multi-national corporation, it is possible that there is correlation in the climate induced portfolio water risk across its operational sites as multiple sites may experience a hazard beyond the design level in a given year. Therefore, from an investor's perspective, a need exists for a water risk index that allows an exploration of the possible space and/or time clustering in exposure across many sites contained in a portfolio. This paper represents a first attempt to develop an index for financial exposure of a geographically diversified, global portfolio to the time-varying risk of climatic extremes using long daily global rainfall data sets derived from climate re-analysis models. Focusing on extreme daily rainfall amounts and using examples from major mining companies, we illustrate how the index can be developed. We discuss how companies can use it to explore their corporate exposure, and what they may need to disclose to investors and regulators to promote transparency as to risk exposure and mitigation efforts. For the examples of mining companies provided, we note that the actual exposure is substantially higher than would be expected in the absence of space and time correlation of risk as is tacitly assumed usually. We also find evidence for the increasing exposure to climate induced risk, and for decadal variability in exposure. The relative vulnerability of different portfolios to multiple extreme events in a given year is also demonstrated.
Carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon reflect utilization of different carbon sources by microbial communities in two limestone aquifer assemblages
Authors: Nowak Martin E. , Schwab Valérie F. , Lazar Cassandre S. , Behrendt Thomas , Kohlhepp Bernd , Totsche Kai Uwe , Küsel Kirsten , Trumbore Susan E.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) are used to indicate both transit times and biogeochemical evolution of groundwaters. These signals can be complicated in carbonate aquifers, as both abiotic (i.e. carbonate equilibria) and biotic factors influence δ13C and 14C of DIC. We applied a novel graphical method for tracking changes in δ13C and 14C of DIC in two distinct aquifer complexes identified in the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory (CZE), a platform to study how water transport links surface and shallow groundwaters in limestone and marlstone rocks in central Germany. For more quantitative estimates of contributions of different biotic and abiotic carbon sources to the DIC pool, we used the geochemical modelling program NETPATH, which accounts for changes in dissolved ions in addition to C isotopes. Although water residence times in the Hainich CZE aquifers based on hydrogeology are relatively short (years or less), DIC isotopes in the shallow, mostly anoxic, aquifer assemblage (HTU) were depleted in 14C compared to a deeper, oxic, aquifer complex (HTL). Carbon isotopes and chemical changes in the deeper HTL wells could be explained by interaction of recharge waters equilibrated with post-bomb 14C sources with carbonates. However, oxygen depletion and δ13C and 14C values of DIC below those expected from the processes of carbonate equilibrium alone indicate dramatically different biogeochemical evolution of waters in the upper aquifer assemblage (HTU wells). Changes of 14C and 13C in the upper aquifer complexes result from a number of biotic and abiotic processes, including oxidation of 14C depleted OM derived from recycled microbial carbon and sedimentary organic matter as well as water rock interactions. The microbial pathways inferred from DIC isotope shifts and changes in water chemistry in the HTU wells were supported by comparison with in situ microbial community structure based on 16S rRNA analyses. Our findings demonstrate the large variation in the importance of biotic as well as abiotic controls on 13C and 14C of DIC in closely related aquifer assemblages. Further, they support the importance of subsurface derived carbon sources like DIC for chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms as well as rock-derived organic matter for supporting heterotrophic groundwater microbial communities and indicate that even shallow aquifers have microbial communities that use a variety of subsurface derived carbon sources.
High-accuracy current measurement with low-cost shunts by means of dynamic error correction
Authors: Weßkamp Patrick , Melbert Joachim
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Measurement of electrical current is often performed by using shunt resistors. Thermal effects due to self-heating and ambient temperature variation limit the achievable accuracy, especially if low-cost shunt resistors with increased temperature coefficients are utilized. In this work, a compensation method is presented which takes static and dynamic temperature drift effects into account and provides a significant reduction of measurement error. A thermal model of the shunt resistor setup is derived for this purpose and a suitable calibration method is developed. The correction algorithm is based upon a digital filter bank and is optimized for microcontrollers with low computational complexity. It is implemented in laboratory test equipment for long-term studies on automotive lithium-ion cells. For a 600 A current pulse, it reduces the measurement error from 2 % to less than 0.1 %. Measurements with a real-life testing profile show a reduction of remaining measurement error by 60 %. Statistical results for 100 test systems and long-term drift measurements prove the reliability of the method. The proposed dynamic error correction algorithm therefore allows high measurement accuracy despite the use of low-cost shunt resistors.
A snap of intimacy: Photo-sharing practices among young people on social media
Authors: Kofoed Jette , Larsen Malene Charlotte
Published: November 2016

In this paper we investigate photo sharing practices among young people on the ephemeral social media platform Snapchat. What kind of photos are exchanged amongst 12–17 year olds via this app where pictures are elicited after up to 10 seconds? How is the content of the photos perceived by the young people themselves? We employ an Internet-mediated mixed methods approach. The primary empirical material consists of an online survey focusing on photo-elicitation practices on the two platforms Snapchat and Instagram conducted in 2015 and 2016 amongst Danish young people. Our results suggest that Snapchat is a site for intimacy in that pictures of double chins, ugliness and self-exposure are shared. These activities of photo-sharing and photo-communication bind young people in closeness and friendships. In this respect Snapchat differs from, for instance, Instagram where the pictures shared tend to be more polished, neat and perfect. The intimacy shared and maintained on Snapchat does, however, also cover nudes, dickpics and tarnished pictures. In this respect, intimacy entails both the comfort of sharing and the dramas of disruptions.
Social bots distort the 2016 U.S. Presidential election online discussion
Authors: Bessi Alessandro , Ferrara Emilio
Published: November 2016

Social media have been extensively praised for increasing democratic discussion on social issues related to policy and politics. However, what happens when this powerful communication tools are exploited to manipulate online discussion, to change the public perception of political entities, or even to try affecting the outcome of political elections? In this study we investigated how the presence of social media bots, algorithmically driven entities that on the surface appear as legitimate users, affect political discussion around the 2016 U.S. Presidential election. By leveraging state-of-the-art social bot detection algorithms, we uncovered a large fraction of user population that may not be human, accounting for a significant portion of generated content (about one-fifth of the entire conversation). We inferred political partisanships from hashtag adoption, for both humans and bots, and studied spatio-temporal communication, political support dynamics, and influence mechanisms by discovering the level of network embeddedness of the bots. Our findings suggest that the presence of social media bots can indeed negatively affect democratic political discussion rather than improving it, which in turn can potentially alter public opinion and endanger the integrity of the Presidential election.
Two negations for the price of one
Authors: Thornton Rosalind , Notley Anna , Moscati Vincenzo , Crain Stephen
Published: November 2016

Standard English is typically described as a double negation language. In double negation ­languages, each negative marker contributes independent semantic force. Two negations in the same clause usually cancel each other out, resulting in an affirmative sentence. Other dialects of English permit negative concord. In negative concord sentences, the two negative markers yield a single semantic negation. This paper explores how English-speaking children interpret sentences with more than one negative element, in order to assess whether their early grammar allows negative concord. According to Zeijlstra’s (2004) typological generalization, if a language has a negative syntactic head, it will be a negative concord language. Since Standard English is often analysed as having a negative head, it represents an apparent exception to Zeijlstra’s ­generalization. This raises the intriguing possibility that initially, children recognize that English has a negative head (i.e., n’t) and, therefore, assign negative concord interpretations to sentences with two negations, despite the absence of evidence for this interpretation in the adult input. The present study investigated this possibility in a comprehension study with 20 3- to 5-year-old ­children and a control group of 15 adults. The test sentences were presented in contexts that made them amenable to either a double negation or a negative concord interpretation. As expected, the adult participants assigned the double negation interpretation of the test sentences the majority of the time. In contrast, the child participants assigned the alternative, negative concord interpretation the majority of the time. Children must jettison the negative concord interpretation of sentences with two negative markers, and acquire a double negation interpretation. We propose that the requisite positive evidence is the appearance of negative expressions like nothing in object position. Because such expressions exert semantic force without a second negation, this informs children that they are acquiring a double negation language.
Renal Cell Carcinoma with Skin metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ahmad Asim , Wu Kevin , Tan Winston
Published: November 2016

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises 80% of primary renal cancers in the USA. Most cases are discovered incidentally during imaging for other reasons. The majority of patients are asymptomatic upon diagnosis, yet 25% have advanced disease. The most common locations for metastasis include liver, lymph nodes, bone, and lungs. RCC presents as skin metastasis in 6% of cases. Here, we present an even rarer occurrence: of recurrent RCC presenting with cutaneous metastases following nephrectomy and immunotherapy. Case Report: A 75 year-old white male presented to his physician for a yearly exam. Routine urinalysis revealed microcytic hematuria. Ultrasound demonstrated a solid mass in the upper pole of the right kidney. CT scan of the chest revealed pulmonary nodules. Patient underwent a right radical cyto-reductive nephrectomy, biopsy of mesenteric mass, and left thoracotomy with biopsy. Final pathology revealed grade 4 RCC, clear-cell type. Patient had treatment with interferon Alpha and then interleukin-2. As third line treatment, patient was switched to bevacizumab. While on treatment, patient presented a lesion on his left back and diffuse bone pain. During physical exam, a 2 x 2.5 cm firm, immobile, subcutaneous nodule was noted. Pathological analysis revealed a tumor consistent with metastatic RCC. MRI of the brain revealed calvarial lesions with some break into the scalp soft tissue and into the epidural space. Erlotinib was added to bevacizumab. Conclusion: This case helps highlight the ubiquity of RCC metastasis. The most common locations for metastasis include lung, liver, local lymph nodes, bone, and brain. In RCC, skin lesions have been described in the literature more specifically as pustules, painful and painless nodules, and macular lesions. The differential diagnosis of a skin lesion include non-specific drug reactions, opportunistic skin infections, and metastatic disease. The definite diagnosis of metastasis is made through tissue biopsy.
Tax Evasion and Tax Awareness Evidence from Jordan
Authors: AlAdham Mohammad "Abd Alaffo" , Abukhadijeh Mohammed Abdallah , Qasem Mohammad Fayez
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to examine the determinant factors (contextual tax awareness, and ethical tax awareness) and their effect on tax evasion.

The determinant factors have been identified based on tax evasion literature and action research. In order to collect the data of study the researchers designed a survey. Data is collected from (492) taxpayers and (471) employees of income and sales tax department as respondents for the research questionnaire.

Findings of this study indicate that there is a positive effect of contextual & ethical tax awareness on tax evasion from the point of view of taxpayers & employees of the income and sales tax department.
Perceived Risk in Tuanzhu Group Buying and Traditional Online Buying in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Ying-Yu , Duan Yi-Shiang , Ni Jia-Jen , Liang Jin-Long
Published: November 2016

Consumers who have adopted tuanzhu group buying (TGB) changed from one-on-one online buying to buying led by a tuanzhu (ie. group leader). The tuanzhu integrates the demands and funds of multiple consumers and is responsible negotiating with the seller to achieve better transaction results as well as to acquire more information about the product to reduce various kinds of risk. However, the TGB mechanism is marred by delays and uncertainties, which can trigger potential customer risks. We recruited as participants 193 college students from four business schools. All students participated in the research voluntarily. The respondents were randomly assigned to the traditional online buying and TGB groups. Of the 193 surveys distributed, 146 were returned. Results of this study show that consumers’ perceived risk is higher with TGB than with online buying. As a result, TGB is much more complicated than traditional online buying, and thus consumers’ perceived risk is higher with TGB than with traditional online buying.
Predictive Ability of Social Intelligence from Attachment Styles
Authors: Michaeel A. Alghamdi , Mohammad F. Al.Qudah , Ismael S. Albursan , Adel S. Abduljabbar , Salaheldin F. Bakhiet
Published: November 2016

With our present study we aimed to explore the prevalent attachment styles among female university students and to investigate the extent to which attachment styles (secure, avoidant and anxious-ambivalent) may interpret differences in Social Intelligence (SI). Our subjects were 404 female students randomly selected from the preparatory year and the fourth year at King Saud University in Riyadh. We used and extracted the psychometric characteristics of the Adult Attachment Styles Scale and the Social Intelligence Scale. Data revealed that the most prevalent attachment style among our sample of students at King Saud University was secure attachment followed by avoidant and then anxious-ambivalent attachment. Analysis of multiple regression showed that both secure and anxious-ambivalent attachment contributed significantly to predicting SI. Avoidant attachment, on the other hand, did not prove to be a strong SI predictor.
Número 11 completo
Authors: Autores Varios
Published: November 2016

Número 11 completo en PDF.
Los docentes de comunicación de Ecuador en las Redes Científicas Académicas
Authors: Calva Cabrera Ketty Daniela , Portilla Idoia
Published: November 2016

Las redes científicas académicas son una herramienta importante de comunicación para la comunidad científica y pueden incrementar la visibilidad de los resultados de estudios científicos. Estas redes permiten seguir a investigadores, compartir currículos y publicaciones, facilitando las relaciones entre ellos tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Aunque con un origen posterior al de las redes sociales generalistas, las redes científicas académicas crecen de forma continuada. En Ecuador, país en el que se centra este estudio, su presencia es aún reciente, pero su desarrollo está ya en marcha. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la participación y el uso de las redes científicas académicas por parte de docentes ecuatorianos y las posibilidades que les ofrecen. El estudio se centra en 487 docentes de 16 universidades de las Categorías A y B que ofertan estudios de comunicación. En primer lugar se realiza un análisis de contenido cuantitativo observando su presencia o no en las redes académicas de estudio y el uso que realizan de las mismas. Esta información se complementa con un estudio cualitativo basado en cinco entrevistas a expertos. Sus respuestas permiten valorar los datos cuantitativos y delimitar las posibilidades que estas redes ofrecen a los investigadores. Como resultado se observa una desigual presencia tanto por red como por universidad, pero los expertos les auguran un importante desarrollo. Su papel puede ser de vital importancia para la academia ecuatoriana, como parte del proceso de mejora de la visibilidad de la investigación y de la reputación académica.
Una RTVV en la nube
Authors: Piqueras Prieto Rafa
Published: November 2016

El 29 de noviembre de 2013 cesaron las emisiones de RTVV. Hoy estamos pensando en cómo volver a activar las emisiones de una nueva televisión valenciana. Pero en los escasos dos años que han pasado desde el cierre, la Televisión (con mayúsculas) no tiene nada que ver con lo que era entonces, y aún cambiará más en los meses que quedan hasta su inmediata puesta en marcha. No digamos si lo que queremos es crear una televisión de futuro. El modelo de televisión tal y como lo conocemos, heredado del modelo que Radiotelevisión Española ofrecía en los años ochenta, está atravesando una profunda crisis. Todas las cadenas, tanto públicas como privadas, llevan años pensando en cuál puede ser la mejor estrategia para afrontar una transformación que tiene múltiples aristas, pero en cuyo centro habría que situar el cambio de los hábitos de consumo del espectador medio, es decir, de la ciudadanía. Todavía es una incógnita saber hacia dónde estamos yendo, es difícil saber a ciencia cierta cuáles son los pasos que deben darse. Pero una cosa sí es segura: la televisión va a dejar de ser lo que ahora conocemos, mucho más pronto de lo que pensamos, y el que se quede quieto, el que no logre reinventarse, morirá.
Marketing digital. Guía básica para digitalizar tu empresa
Authors: Sánchez Hervás David
Published: November 2016

Reseña, para sección Tribuna de adComunica, del libro: Martínez Polo, Josep M.; Martínez Sánchez. Jesús y Parra, M. Concepción (2015). Marketing Digital. Guía básica para digitalizar tu empresa. Barcelona: Editorial UOC.
La accesibilidad, requisito de los sitios web oficiales. Análisis de la accesibilidad de las webs turísticas oficiales de la costa mediterránea española
Authors: Martínez-Sala Alba María , Monserrat-Gauchi Juan
Published: November 2016

El diseño, desarrollo y mantenimiento de una página web se enmarca en distintas disciplinas que han confluir coordinadamente para acometer tareas como diseñar la web; velar por la usabilidad, accesibilidad y navegabilidad del sitio web. Estas se están desarrollando a un ritmo vertiginoso marcado por la rápida evolución que hemos vivido y estamos viviendo en el sector de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, y sin embargo llama la atención los escasos estudios sobre todas en general y sobre la accesibilidad en particular. Un sitio web accesible es aquel al que todos los usuarios puedan acceder independientemente de su contexto y capacidades. La accesibilidad web es por lo tanto un requisito ineludible para la consecución de una de las máximas bajo las que nació la Red: la universalidad, y una exigencia legal en el ámbito público. El artículo estudia la accesibilidad de las webs turísticas oficiales de los destinos españoles cuya oferta se centra en el producto sol y playa, por ser este el motor principal del turismo en España, y por ser la web una herramienta indispensable para la difusión y comercialización de los productos y servicios turísticos. Se parte de la hipótesis de que los destinos turísticos cuentan en la actualidad con una web oficial que no cumple los requisitos legales de accesibilidad y los resultados verifican parcialmente dicha hipótesis evidenciando una falta de aprovechamiento de las ventajas que proporciona la accesibilidad web: mejorar su presencia en la Red y la difusión universal de sus contenidos.
HbbTV y publicidad interactiva aplicada: el caso alemán
Authors: Botey López Jordi , Fondevila Gascón Joan Francesc , Ordeix Rigo Enric , Rom Rodríguez Josep
Published: November 2016

El HbbTV es un estándar televisivo que promueve la interactividad y la fusión entre Internet y televisión. Esa fórmula de relacionarse con la audiencia aporta nuevas oportunidades de negocio, sobre todo en el sector publicitario. Tras la estandarización del sistema, las primeras experiencias reales de publicidad interactiva llevadas a cabo en Alemania demuestran que se está generando un cambio de perspectiva en el sector audiovisual y tecnológico. En esta investigación analizamos los resultados de campañas de publicidad interactiva llevadas a cabo en 2015 por Opel Corsa, Whopper y Thor-El Reino Oscuro en los canales Sat.1, ProSieben, Kabel Eins y Sixx en Alemania. En ese uso del HbbTV se observa un CTR superior al de otros soportes, mayor brand engagement, mayor recuerdo publicitario, una opción de rentabilizar el zapping y resultados positivos en anuncios de proximidad. También se constata que el botón rojo del HbbTV puede generar un cambio de actitud en el sector audiovisual y tecnológico, ya que impulsa la eficacia del uso del HbbTV en los minutos susceptibles de zapping, es decir, los de publicidad. El televidente dispone del mando a distancia, y como las ofertas HbbTV le suscitan curiosidad, crece el acceso a las ofertas publicitarias. De esta manera, para canales y anunciantes se abre una opción de rentabilizar el zapping, que emerge como aliado en esta sinergia entre televisión e Internet.
¿En defensa de la Doctrina Monroe? Los desencuentros en América Latina entre España y Estados Unidos (1880-1890)
Authors: Sánchez Padilla Andrés
Published: November 2016

This article analyzes the role played by the Monroe Doctrine in the disagreements that took place between Spain and the United States in Latin America during the 1880s. Based on diplomatic sources preserved in archives in the United States and Spain, the article argues that these apparently peripheral incidents reveal that the Monroe Doctrine was a lasting, although flexible, principle of U.S. foreign policy in Latin America. Sspecifically, the evidence suggests that the motor behind the evolution of the doctrine was U.S. domestic policy.
Trabajo y vejez en el período prejubilatorio. Hipótesis y análisis de fuentes históricas sobre el caso argentino, 1850-1950
Authors: Otero Hernán
Published: November 2016

This article characterizes work during old age in the stage before the diffusion of retirement pensions. Based on qualitative information and population census data, it analyzes the labor activity of this age class by sex, origin, place of residence, and literacy in the Argentine context in the late 19th and early 20th century. The results of this research show that the reduction of work was influenced by the type of activity, que por demás which was also earlier in the cities and en los extranjeros among foreigners and began before the generalization of retirement pensions, thanks to the long-term increase in the standards of living and savings among the population.
Neoliberalismo y crisis económica: políticas estatales, mercado y agricultores en Chile, 1973-1985
Authors: Almonacid Zapata Fabián
Published: November 2016

This article deals with neoliberal policies in traditional agriculture in Chile and the southern farmers’ demands that the government change these policies. From an initial state of discontent, the farmers’ organizations moved on to action, eventually coming into frontal conflict with the government, mainly with the start of the economic crisis in 1982. It shows how the farmers’ demands led to correction of the predominant neoliberal dogmas between 1983 and 1985. By means of the definition of price bands and a purchasing power, among other measures, traditional agriculture managed to get out of bankruptcy. The article is based on an exhaustive review of governmental sources and regional press.
Projetos de modernidade: autoritarismo, eugenia e racismo no Brasil do século XX
Authors: Nara M. C. Santana , Ricardo Augusto dos Santos
Published: November 2016

This article takes as its starting point the idea of modernity in Brazil and its deployment in Brazilian society by means of an authoritarian project that values the “whitening” of the country. In this sense, we will discuss, albeit briefly, the concept of modernity. To explain the phenomenon of modernity through authoritarianism, we will focus on the concept of authoritarian nationalism. The racial issue is the focal point of the discussion, so we will present a synthesis of Brazilian social thought from the mid-19th century to the 1930s, in order to deal with the idea of eugenics in Brazil and the reception of European racist theories in that country.
Reflexiones alrededor de la epistemología ambiental
Authors: Torres Carral Guillermo
Published: November 2016

This article discusses the issue of the environment under the conditions of extreme destruction of the planet as a result of sociocultural evolution, and the crisis of knowledge that derives from man’s non-adaptation to nature. Consequently, it poses some theoretical reflections in order to achieve an integral transformation that is both social and individual, on the path to a civilizational transition that requires overcoming the fundamental concepts of current socio-environmental reality. It therefore proposes some strategies for the construction of an environmental epistemology in that direction, which entails restructuring educational processes from a perspective based on diversity and, through the production of new social knowledge, surpassing a solitary view of reality in order to achieve one that is shared.
Estudio de las emociones en las consignas de cuadernos españoles. Curso 1964-1965
Authors: Beas Miranda Miguel , González García Erika , Salmerón Nieto Antonio
Published: November 2016

Nationalist education during the Franco era used weekly slogans written in students’ notebooks as a resource for memorizing and non-critical learning. The objective of this article is to analyze the link between the world of the emotions, the content of the slogans used, and the cultivation of patriotism. We have used a methodology relevant to the curricular micro-history of a unitary school in Navafría (1964-1965 school year) in the context of Franco’s Spain. We conclude by revealing an emotional indoctrination aimed at loading the students’ minds with a positive emotional charge intended to generate an exclusionary and intolerant form of patriotism, at the same time that it institutionalized the past in accordance with the totalitarian interests of the regime.
Ejes de discusión en la evaluación de la ciencia: revisión por pares, bibliometría y pertinencia
Authors: Sarthou Nerina Fernanda
Published: November 2016

This article seeks to bring together in a single document the set of issues surrounding the definition and implementation of mechanisms and criteria relating to the evaluation of scientific research. It revisits and orders the basic agreements regarding their defects and the proposals for countering them based on a bibliographical review revolving around three questions: who participates in the assessment; how the assessment is carried out; and what is to be evaluated. Finally, it briefly presents some notes referring to the specific literature generated from Latin America, highlighting the limited space dedicated to this topic until now.
Control of GaN crystal habit by solution stirring in the Na-flux method
Authors: Murakami Kosuke , Imade Mamoru , Imanishi Masayuki , Honjo Masatomo , Imabayashi Hiroki , Matsuo Daisuke , Nakamura Kosuke , Maruyama Mihoko , Yoshimura Masashi , Mori Yusuke
Published: November 2016

In our previous study, we succeeded in fabricating low-curvature GaN wafers with low dislocation density by the Na-flux coalescence growth technique. However, the crystals consisted of many pyramidal grains with

facets, leading to an increase in the oxygen concentration in the crystal, an increase in the lattice constant, and blackening. In this study, we attempted to improve the crystal habit of the GaN crystals by employing a solution-stirring technique in the coalescence growth on multipoint seeds. Scanning electron microscope images indicated that the c-face area became larger by increasing the stirring rate and growth period. We concluded that solution stirring in the Na-flux coalescence growth technique is an effective approach to improve the crystal habit and uniformize the lattice constant of GaN crystals.
Density functional theory study on oligosilane-functionalized C60 fullerene
Authors: Yoshizawa Saori , Abe Shigeaki , Mutoh Mami , Kusaka Teruo , Nakamura Mariko , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Iida Junichiro , Kawabata Hiroshi , Tachikawa Hiroto
Published: November 2016

Oligosilane-functionalized C60 fullerenes [namely, C60–(SiH2)
n
–H, n = 1–4] have been investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) method to elucidate the structures and electronic states of oligosilane-radical added fullerene. The DFT calculation showed that oligosilane radicals bind to the carbon atom of C60 in the on-top site, and a strong Si–C heterojunction is formed. The binding energies of oligosilane radicals to C60 were calculated to be 24.6–28.2 kcal/mol at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. The electronic states of oligosilane-functionalized fullerenes C60–(SiH2)
n
–H are discussed on the basis of theoretical results.