bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER AND EPIDEMIC RISK OF WATER-BORN INFECTIONS IN TOWNS OF THE ARKHANGELSK REGION
Authors: Baydakova E V , Unguryanu T N , Krutskaya K V , Minenko I A
Published: April 2019

Aims: to assess the quality of drinking water using microbiological indicators and to assess epidemic risks of water-born infections in urban settings of the Arkhangelsk region. Methods: Secondary data on standard sanitary and hygienic assessments of the quality of centralized drinking water supply in Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk, Novodvinsk, Kotlas and Koryazhma for 2006-2016 were used. Assessment of the microbial risk of water-born infections was performed. Results: All towns except Severodvinsk had moderate risk of water-born infections through centralized drinking water supply system. Arkhangelsk had 56 points while Kotlas, Novodvinsk and Koryazhma had 37, 30 and 19 points, respectively. Severodvinsk had low risk of water-born infections (5 points). Proportions of samples with abnormal concentrations of general and thermotolerant coliform bacteria in Arkhangelsk, Kotlas, Novodvinsk after water treatment varied between 16 % and 27 % while in Korazhma the corresponding proportions varied between 21 % and 53 % Irregular water supply have contributed with 18 % and 14 % in Arkhangelsk and Kotlas, respectively. Conclusions: The presence of general and thermotolerant coliform bacteria in drinking water detected immediately after water treatment and in water supply network are the main contributors to the epidemic risk of water-born infections in towns of the Arkhangelsk region. Irregularity of water supply was additional factor linked to microbial contamination in Arkhangelsk and Kotlas.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN APGAR SCORES IN NEWBORNS IN BARNAUL: THE RORE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Authors: Fedorova O I , Maltseva A E
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Environmental factors and their seasonal fluctuations have been shown to influence human health. Birth is one of the most critical periods of human development. Newborns are very sensitive to environmental factors. Our aim was to study associations between selected environmental factors and the first- and the fifth minute Apgar scores in Barnaul, Altay region. Method. Data on Apgar scores for all infants born in Maternity home N 2 in Barnaul in 1998 and 2014 were analyzed. Barometric pressure, the pressure gradient, Wolf number, 10.7 cm Solar flux, geomagnetic AP-index were used as independent variables. Associations were assessed using linear regression models. Regression coefficients, coefficient of determination (R2) and significance levels (P) were calculated. Results. We found positive associations between Apgar scores and AP geomagnetic index and indicators of solar activity. At the same time no associations between barometric pressure and newborns' Apgar scores were observed. Conclusions. Our findings are congruent with the evidence on the associations between Solar activity and human health indices. However, the effects were rather weak suggesting more important role of the endogenic factors influencing late stages of pregnancy.
Аспекты теоретических и экспериментальных исследований движения водных потоков при прорыве плотин
Authors: Стриганова Марина , Самедов Самедага
Published: April 2019

Проведен анализ существующих исследований движения водных потоков в различных плоскостях, и в том числе потоков при прорыве подпорных сооружений. Изложены основные особенности гидродинамической опасности Тахтакорпюнского водохранилища и земляной плотины, возведенной для его создания. Определены цели и задачи по изучению распространения волн по нижнему бьефу выбранного сооружения при гидродинамической аварии.
Оптимизация конструкции цистерны пожарного автомобиля АЦ-5.0-50/4 на базе шасси МАЗ-5337 методом компьютерного моделирования
Authors: Ковтун Вадим , Короткевич Сергей , Пасовец Владимир , Тодоров Иван
Published: April 2019

Проведены исследования напряженного состояния сварных швов пожарной автоцистерны АЦ-5.0-50/4 на базе шасси МАЗ-5337 с применением подходов адаптивного компьютерного моделирования. По критерию прочности оптимизированы элементы существующей конструкции. На основе расчетов разработаны решения по модернизации конструкции цистерны пожарного автомобиля с целью повышения эксплуатационной надежности.
Восприятие дорожной ситуации как фактор безопасности движения
Authors: Булынко Ольга
Published: April 2019

Проанализированы психофизиологические свойства, влияющие на способность водителя воспринимать дорожную информацию. Раскрываются факторы, определяющие поведение участника дорожного движения и обусловленные его психическим состоянием в данный момент времени. Дана подробная характеристика психических процессов и явлений, влияющих на состояние участников дорожного движения, таких как: особенности восприятия пространства и времени, время реакции, внимание, мышление. Рассмотрены причины и условия возникновения иллюзорных восприятий. Эмпирическим путем выявлены наиболее значимые психофизиологические параметры восприятия, непосредственно влияющие на надежность профессиональной деятельности водителя автотранспортного средства.
Методологические аспекты подготовки запроса на выдачу технических условий, на разработку раздела «Инженерно-технические мероприятия гражданской обороны. Мероприятия по предупреждению чрезвычайных ситуаций» в проектной документации на строительство
Authors: Булва Александр
Published: April 2019

Выполнен анализ проблемных вопросов, возникающих в процессе подготовки запроса на выдачу технических условий, разработку проектной документации, содержащей инженерно-технические мероприятия гражданской обороны и мероприятия по предупреждению чрезвычайных ситуаций. Уточнен алгоритм работы проектных организаций, осуществляющих указанную административную процедуру, сформулирован ряд предложений по совершенствованию методологии подготовки запроса. В частности уточнены организационные аспекты категорирования по гражданской обороне, а также предложено ввести административную процедуру установления проектной категории по гражданской обороне для вновь строящихся объектов. Уточняется дополнительный перечень сведений, необходимых для качественной подготовки технических условий территориальными органами государственного надзора и контроля в области защиты населения и территорий от чрезвычайных ситуаций.
О совершенствовании системы мониторинга и прогнозирования чрезвычайных ситуаций
Authors: Мурашко Николай , Андреенко Алексей , Станкевич Виктор
Published: April 2019

Проведен анализ состояния Национальной системы мониторинга окружающей среды в Республике Беларусь. Дана характеристика функционирующих в Беларуси технических средств мониторинга природной среды (космического и авиационного), отмечены их достоинства и недостатки. Рассмотрены возможности созданного Объединенным институтом проблем информатики Национальной академии наук Беларуси многоканального гиростабилизированного авиационного комплекса дистанционного наблюдения АПК «Спектр». Показано, что АПК «Спектр» позволяет получать растровые снимки местности высокого пространственного разрешения в заданных спектральных (видимый, инфракрасный, включая тепловой) диапазонах, которые используются для оценки последствий пожаров в природных экосистемах, оценки зон затопления, обнаружения разливов загрязняющих веществ на поверхности водных объектов, поиска потерявшихся в лесах людей и прочих прикладных задач. Отмечены пути совершенствования Системы мониторинга и прогнозирования чрезвычайных ситуаций природного и техногенного характера.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PHYSICAL FITNESS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Klizienė Irina , Kimantienė Laura , Čižauskas Ginas , Daniusevičiūtė-Brazaitė Laura , Cibulskas Gintautas , Janulevičienė Arūnė
Published: April 2019

Background.The purpose of this study is to estimate physical activity, physical fitness and assessment of
mathematical achievements in primary schoolchildren.
Methods. The study involved 1st grade students (N = 93), 45 of which were girls and 48 were boys. The
flexibility test, the long jump test, 3 × 10 m speed shuttle run test, a medical (stuffed) 1 kg ball pushing from the
chest test were used. Physical activity was measured using Children’s Physical Activity Questionnaire. Academic
achievements were assessed using Mathematical diagnostic progress tests and mathematical learning achievements
according to curriculum content.
Results. It turned out that both boys (95.87 MET/min/week) and girls (91.30 MET / min/ week) were physically
active in physical education lessons (p > 0.05). Long jump results ranged from 105.2 cm (girls) to 118.3 cm (boys),
statistically significant differences were detected (p < 0.05) The best score of the girls’ shuttle running 3 × 10 m
was 9.55 s, for boys it was 9.2 s, the worst performance time for boys was 13.68 s, for girls – 13.54 s (p < .05).
Mathematics Diagnostic Progress Tests for both girls and boys indicated satisfactory levels.
Conclusion. We should note that all 4 fitness tests had a positive, linear association with physical fitness tests
and mathematics test scores.
TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND DEPENDENCE OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC INDICATORS ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TYPE IN LITHUANIAN ATHLETES
Authors: Borkytė Julija , Žumbakytė-Šermukšnienė Renata
Published: April 2019

Background. Since athletes have a higher risk to experience cardiovascular system complications, this gives us
an important reason for further investigation. Early detection of pathological hypertrophy of the left ventricle may
exclude athletes from sports activities and prevent complications and possible death.
Methods. In our study, 75 patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The values of left ventricle
were measured: left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), interventricular septum thickness in diastole (IVSTd),
LV posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPWTd), LV mass (LVM), LV mass index (LVMI), LV end-diastolic
diameter index (LVEDDI). Standard 12-lead ECG was recorded at 25 mm/s and with standard calibration of 10 mm/
mV from a patient in a supine position.
Results. When we compared results of LVH according to ECG and TTE, ECG showed higher count of athletes
with marginal changes and less LVH compared to TTE in female endurance and male athletes. Moreover, moderate
positive correlation between LV mass and R wave size (V5) (r = .617) was found in female endurance athletes.
Furthermore, high positive correlation between LVEDD and QRS interval length (r = .911) was found in female
strength athletes. Also, moderate negative correlation (r = –.603) between heart electrical axis and R wave size (V5)
was found in male endurance athletes.
Conclusions. Knowledge of the ECG changes associated with the type and intensity of exercise, race, age
and gender can lower the traditionally high number of false positives, thus reducing unnecessary investigations. In
our study, ECG showed higher count of athletes with marginal changes and less LVH compared to TTE in women
endurance, men strength and endurance groups.
PROBLEMATIC ALCOHOL USE IN TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL EXERCISE SETTINGS
Authors: Høglid Rikke Aarhus , Szabo Attila
Published: April 2019

Background. The scholastic literature suggests that alcohol use may be a problem in team sports, but data on the
general or average exercisers are lacking. This inquiry examined the prevalence of use and the level of problematic
use of alcohol in a highly heterogeneous group of team and individual exercisers.
Methods. Two-hundred exercising male (n = 79) and female (n = 121) participants (M age = 26.79 ± SD = 7.88
years) answered demographic questions and completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT).
Results. The rate of alcohol drinkers did not differ between the groups, but males exercising in team settings
reported higher levels of alcohol drinking problems than individual exercisers in general. The findings were similar
for older (aged 25 years and over) adults too, as shown by a separate analysis of the latter group. The frequency and
volume of exercise were unrelated to problematic alcohol use. Cases of high level of alcohol use problems were
twice as many in team than in individual exercisers.
Conclusions. The prevalence of alcohol use in team and individual exercisers is similar, but problematic alcohol
use is greater in the former group. Increased alcohol use problems in team exercisers seem to be limited to men and
it occurs in older adults too. Men drink more than women, but the behaviour may have a general social, rather than
a sport-specific, context.
AUSTRALIAN RULES FOOTBALL CHEER SQUADS OF THE EIGHTIES: A CASE STUDY OF THE WEST PERTH CHEER SQUAD 1984–1986
Authors: James Kieran
Published: April 2019

Background. In this article I review key studies in the academic literature on football (soccer) hooliganism in the
UK and around the world. I apply Armstrong’s anthropological approach to our 15–20 member West Perth unofficial
cheer squad (hard-core supporter group) of 1984–1986 (Australian Rules football’s WAFL competition).
Method. This is an ethnographic study of the West Perth cheer squad 1984–86 told from the viewpoint of the
author who was co-founder and co-leader of this group. It is both strength and weakness of the research data that the
author was an active participant in the events rather than a researcher performing typical ethnographic research as a
non-participant.
Results. I find that the anthropological approach is able to explain many aspects of our cheer squad’s culture
and members’ behaviours including the quick disintegration of the cheer squad early in the 1986 season without
anyone officially ending it. However, our group members did not adjust their commitment downwards during the
cheer squad’s years of action; most members attended all home-and-away matches during May 1984–March 1986.
This research also shows the diffusion of Australian Rules football supporter culture from Melbourne to Adelaide and
from these two cities to Perth, to a lesser extent, and the impact of TV news reports of British football hooliganism
on our group’s style and macho posturing.
Conclusion. Detailed long-term ethnographic studies of individual football (soccer) hooligan firms and
Australian Rules’ cheer squads are the most vital type of new research.
QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION OF COACHES’ PERSPECTIVES ON MORAL EDUCATION IN SPORT
Authors: Šukys Saulius , Dargenė Živilė , Karanauskienė Diana
Published: April 2019

Background. Moral behaviour and moral education of young athletes still remain an important issue in sports
context. This study was designed to examine coaches’ perspectives on moral education in sport.
Methods. In this study, aiming at establishing the perspectives of coaches on the moral education of athletes in
sports activities, qualitative research was selected. Primary data were collected via semi-structured interviews with
nine basketball and football coaches of different experience and age. The data were analysed applying thematic
analysis.
Results. Thematic analysis indicated that coaches identified goals of athletes’ education as the development of
athletes’ personality, motivation, the development of sports excellence and the encouragement to achieve victory.
Coaches defined moral education as the development of the authority of an athlete, fair play, compliance with rules,
and integrity. The most common means coaches used for moral education were explanation, discussion, lectures,
meetings, personal examples, case analyses. Such means are important for athlete’s personal development, pursuit
of results, and career planning. The qualities of good coach were professional knowledge, authority, competences of
creating motivational climate, and also moral competences.
Conclusion. A central finding of the study is that coaches define moral education in sport through the education
of moral values and the goals set by coaches related not only to the sports results, but also to the development of the
personality of athletes. Personal role of coaches in moral education encompassing professional knowledge and moral
competences of athletes is of great importance.
Surface-plasma method for the production of negative ion beams
Authors: Dudnikov V G
Published: April 2019

Increased interest in the development of negative ions sources is related to the emergence of important applications of negative-ion beams. These are, first of all, tandem accelerators, high-energy implantation and accelerator-based mass spectrometry, supercollimated beams, charge-exchange injection into cyclic accelerators and storage rings, charge-exchange extraction of beams from cyclotrons, injectors of high-energy neutrals in plasma systems, and charge-exchange beam separation. The development of sources of negative ions and their use in academic research and industry are reviewed. Physical bases and designs of surface-plasma sources of negative ions, as well as the history of their development, are presented.
Classical problems in the theory of elasticity and the quantum theory of angular momentum
Authors: Goupalov S V
Published: April 2019

We show that applying the methods of the quantum theory of angular momentum enables us to obtain frequency equations for vibrational modes of a uniform isotropic elastic sphere, cylindrical rod, and infinite plate and results in a natural classification of these modes. We discuss how these models can be applied to describe vibrations of metal nanoparticles and semiconductor nanocrystals.
KELUARGA KRISTIANI DAN PENDIDIKAN ANAK DALAM TERANG GRAVISSIMUM EDUCATIONIS ARTIKEL 3
Authors: Supriyadi Agustinus
Published: April 2019

Family is a community first formed by husband and wife, then evolved towards communion parents with children. Christian families are called to take part actively and responsibly in the Church’s mission in a way that is original and distinctive through his presence and, as a community of life and affection to serve the Church and society. Children’s education is born from the goal of a marriage which is happiness conjugal and family in all aspects of life as well as the birth of a child and the child's faith education. The main task of parents as educator lies in the love between children and parents themselves. Parents are  the first and primary educators. As the first and primary educators, parents reveal a fundamental authority to educate their children. Education is basically focused on personal development as complete physical-spiritual man, both as personal and social beings, within the framework of his last life goals. Community and Church help parents to remain in their position and role as the primary educator and the first for their children.
Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk
Authors: Ryu Meguya , Honda Reo , Cernescu Adrian , Vailionis Arturas , Balčytis Armandas , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Li Jing-Liang , Linklater Denver P , Ivanova Elena P , Mizeikis Vygantas , Tobin Mark J , Morikawa Junko , Juodkazis Saulius
Published: April 2019

The nanoscale composition of silk defining its unique properties via a hierarchial structural anisotropy needs to be analysed at the highest spatial resolution of tens of nanometers corresponding to the size of fibrils made of β-sheets, which are the crystalline building blocks of silk. Nanoscale optical and structural properties of silk have been measured from 100 nm thick longitudinal slices of silk fibers with ca. 10 nm resolution, the highest so far. Optical sub-wavelength resolution in hyperspectral mapping of absorbance and molecular orientation were carried out for comparison at IR wavelengths of 2–10 μm using synchrotron radiation. A reliable distinction of transmission changes by only 1–2% as the anisotropy of amide bands was obtained from nanometer-thin slices of silk.
DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EU28 EVIDENCE FOR THE PERIOD 2008-2015
Authors: Mladenović Svetlana Sokolov , Mladenović Igor , Ćuzović Djordje
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this paper is to appoint the causality between economic activity in the sector of distributive trade and the economic growth of 28 European Union nations. Specifically, it examines the impact of changes in turnover per employee in the distributive trade sector in EU member states on the tangible economic growth rate. The determination to adopt this approach stems from the fact that existing studies mainly explore indirect relationship between economic activities in distributive trade and economic development, with less focus on the direct impact of distributive trade on economic growth. The paper utilizes information for the period from 2008 to 2015. The research relies on multiple regression model, with the Hausman test its robustness. The results indicate that a hike in turnover per employee in the distributive trade sector by 10 euros per year in one EU member state increases its real economic growth rate by 0.15% in that same year. The significance of the made results is reflected in the fact that the survey takes into account the last economic crisis, and highlights negative effects of final consumption expenditure of general government % GDP on the tangible economic growth rate in EU member states.
Three Direct Imaging Epochs Could Constrain the Orbit of Earth 2.0 inside the Habitable Zone
Authors: Guimond Claire Marie , Cowan Nicolas B.
Published: April 2019

Space-based direct imaging missions (HabEx, LUVOIR) would observe reflected light from exoplanets in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars. The ultimate—but not sole—goal of these concept missions is to characterize such planets. Knowing an exoplanet’s orbit would help twofold: (i) its semimajor axis informs whether the planet might harbor surface liquid water, making it a priority target; and (ii) predicting the planet’s future location would tell us where and when to look. The science yields of HabEx and LUVOIR depend on the number, cadence, and precision of observations required to establish a planet’s orbit. We produce mock observations using realistic distributions for the six Keplerian orbital parameters, experimenting with both beta and uniform eccentricity distributions, and accounting for imperfect astrometry (σ = 3.5 mas) and obscuration due to the inner working angle of a high-contrast imaging system (inner working angle = 31 mas). Using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, we fit the orbital parameters, and retrieve their average precisions and accuracies as functions of cadence, number of epochs, and distance to the target. Given the time at which it was acquired, each image provides two data: the x and y position of the planet with respect to its star. Parameter retrieval based on one or two images is formally underconstrained, yet the semimajor axis posterior can be obtained semi-analytically. For a planet at 1 au around a star at a distance of 10 pc, three epochs constrain the semimajor axis to within ≲5%, if each image is taken at least 90 days apart.
First Results from the Rapid-response Spectrophotometric Characterization of Near-Earth Objects Using RATIR
Authors: Navarro-Meza S. , Mommert M. , Trilling D. E. , Butler N. , Reyes-Ruiz M. , Pichardo B. , Axelrod T. , Jedicke R. , Moskovitz N.
Published: April 2019

As part of our multi-observatory, multifilter campaign, we present r–i color observations of 82 near-Earth objects (NEOs) obtained with the reionization and transients infrared camera (RATIR) instrument on the 1.5 m robotic telescope at the San Pedro Martir’s National Observatory in Mexico. Our project is particularly focused on rapid-response observations of small (≲850 m) NEOs. The rapid response and the use of spectrophotometry allows us to constrain the taxonomic classification of NEOs with high efficiency. Here we present the methodology of our observations and our result, suggesting that the ratio of C-type to S-type asteroids in a size range of ∼30–850 m is 1.1, which is in accordance with our previous results. We also find that 10% of all NEOs in our sample are neither C- nor S-type asteroids
Buried Black Hole Growth in IR-selected Mergers: New Results from Chandra
Authors: Pfeifle Ryan W. , Satyapal Shobita , Secrest Nathan J. , Gliozzi Mario , Ricci Claudio , Ellison Sara L. , Rothberg Barry , Cann Jenna , Blecha Laura , Williams James K. , Constantin Anca
Published: April 2019

Observations and theoretical simulations suggest that a significant fraction of merger-triggered accretion onto supermassive black holes is highly obscured, particularly in late-stage galaxy mergers, when the black hole is expected to grow most rapidly. Starting with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer all-sky survey, we identified a population of galaxies whose morphologies suggest ongoing interaction and which exhibit red mid-infrared colors often associated with powerful active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In a follow-up to our pilot study, we now present Chandra/ACIS and XMM-Newton X-ray observations for the full sample of the brightest 15 IR-preselected mergers. All mergers reveal at least one nuclear X-ray source, with 8 out of 15 systems exhibiting dual nuclear X-ray sources, highly suggestive of single and dual AGNs. Combining these X-ray results with optical line ratios and with near-IR coronal emission line diagnostics, obtained with the near-IR spectrographs on the Large Binocular Telescope, we confirm that 13 out of the 15 mergers host AGNs, two of which host dual AGNs. Several of these AGNs are not detected in the optical. All X-ray sources appear X-ray weak relative to their mid-infrared continuum, and of the nine X-ray sources with sufficient counts for spectral analysis, eight reveal strong evidence of high absorption with column densities of N
H ≳ 1023 cm−2. These observations demonstrate that a significant population of single and dual AGNs are missed by optical studies, due to high absorption, adding to the growing body of evidence that the epoch of peak black hole growth in mergers occurs in a highly obscured phase.
Focused Transport of Solar Energetic Particles in Interplanetary Space and the Formation of the Anisotropic Beam-like Distribution of Particles in the Onset Phase of Large Gradual Events
Authors: Li Gen , Lee Martin A.
Published: April 2019

In the onset phase of large gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events, the first particles of a given rigidity to arrive at Earth are accelerated in the low corona, focused into a narrow cone of pitch angles by the diverging magnetic field, and transported from near the Sun to 1 au with minimal scattering. The effects of focused transport on the evolution of the beam-like SEPs are investigated analytically. The model assumes for simplicity a constant focusing length and a constant pitch-angle diffusion coefficient for SEPs at small pitch angles. Cross-field transport is ignored. This analytical approximation provides a reasonable representation of the spatial and pitch-angle distribution of the beam-like SEPs. Assuming an instantaneous injection of SEPs near the Sun, the model naturally reproduces several features of the SEP onset profiles observed at 1 au, including a spike-like time–intensity profile with rapid rising and declining edges that resemble a Reid–Axford profile. By assuming an extended injection profile with the shape of an isosceles triangle, we fit the onset phase data of the 2005 January 20 GLE event to our model. The derived mean free path (∼4 au) for relativistic protons is much larger than the theoretical prediction based on the standard quasilinear theory but consistent with our assumption of nearly scatter-free transport and can be explained by a reduced scattering rate, due to particles interacting with ambient turbulence with a Goldreich–Sridhar spectrum. Assuming that the SEPs that are scattered out of the beam are governed by spatial diffusive transport in interplanetary space, we perform an illustrative calculation to account for the nearly isotropic phase following the anisotropic onset as a natural result of the interplanetary transport of SEPs.
A High-performance and Portable All-Mach Regime Flow Solver Code with Well-balanced Gravity. Application to Compressible Convection
Authors: Padioleau Thomas , Tremblin Pascal , Audit Edouard , Kestener Pierre , Kokh Samuel
Published: April 2019

Convection is an important physical process in astrophysics well-studied using numerical simulations under the Boussinesq and/or anelastic approximations. However, these approaches reach their limits when compressible effects are important in the high-Mach flow regime, e.g., in stellar atmospheres or in the presence of accretion shocks. In order to tackle these issues, we propose a new high-performance and portable code called “ARK” with a numerical solver well suited for the stratified compressible Navier–Stokes equations. We take a finite-volume approach with machine precision conservation of mass, transverse momentum, and total energy. Based on previous works in applied mathematics, we propose the use of a low-Mach correction to achieve a good precision in both low and high-Mach regimes. The gravity source term is discretized using a well-balanced scheme in order to reach machine precision hydrostatic balance. This new solver is implemented using the Kokkos library in order to achieve high-performance computing and portability across different architectures (e.g., multi-core, many-core, and GP-GPU). We show that the low-Mach correction allows to reach the low-Mach regime with a much better accuracy than a standard Godunov-type approach. The combined well-balanced property and the low-Mach correction allowed us to trigger Rayleigh–Bénard convective modes close to the critical Rayleigh number. Furthermore, we present 3D turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection with low diffusion using the low-Mach correction leading to a higher kinetic energy power spectrum. These results are very promising for future studies of high Mach and highly stratified convective problems in astrophysics.
RR Lyrae Stars in the Field of Sagittarius II
Authors: Joo Seok-Joo , Kyeong Jaemann , Yang Soung-Chul , Han Sang-Il , Sung Eon-Chang , Rey Soo-Chang , Jerjen Helmut , Kim Hak-Sub , Kim Dongwon , Jeong Hyunjin , Ree Chang H. , Cha Sang-Mok , Lee Yongseok
Published: April 2019

We present the detection of RR Lyrae variable stars in the field of the Sagittarius II (Sgr II) ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxy. Using B, V time-series photometry obtained with the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) 1.6 m telescope at CTIO and G-band data from Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2), we identified and characterized two ab-type and four c-type RR Lyrae variables. Five out of the six stars are clustered within three half-light radii (∼4.′8) of the galaxy indicating their association with Sgr II, while the RRab star V4 is located ∼22′ from the galaxy center. By excluding V4, the high c-type fraction (0.8) and the period of the only RRab star V3 (P

V3 ≃ 0.666 days) suggest an Oosterhoff II (Oo II) classification for Sgr II. Located close to the locus of Oo II clusters in the period–amplitude diagram, V3 is similar to RRab stars in other UFDs having Oosterhoff-intermediate and Oo II properties. Sgr II is, however, more compact than usual UFDs, placed in between star clusters and dwarf galaxies in the size–luminosity plane, and therefore spectroscopic studies are eventually required to ascertain the true nature of this stellar system. We derive the metallicity ([Fe/H]RRab ≃ −2.1 ± 0.3) and heliocentric distance (∼64 ± 3 kpc) of Sgr II from the RR Lyrae stars, and estimate its age (∼12 Gyr) based on our stellar population models. The Oosterhoff properties of UFDs can be explained with the evolution effect of RR Lyrae stars in the instability strip.
Asclepias speciosa (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae): a rare or unrecognized alien species in Europe?
Authors: Gudžinskas Zigmantas , Petrulaitis Lukas , Žalneravičius Egidijus
Published: April 2019

Studies on populations of Asclepiassyriaca L. in Lithuania revealed the occurrence of a new alien plant species, the North American native Asclepiasspeciosa Torr. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), in southern parts of Lithuania – the first report of the latter species in Europe. Interestingly, a thorough analysis of herbarium specimens revealed that A.speciosa had first been collected in Lithuania in 1962, but the specimen was misidentified at the time as A.syriaca. The newly discovered population of A.speciosa occupies mesic grasslands, tall-herb fringe communities and arable field habitats. Sexual reproduction of this species was not recorded; it spreads locally by means of vegetative reproduction. We present here an exhaustive analysis of morphological characteristics and differences between A.speciosa and A.syriaca and other species of the genus, as well as a key for identification of alien Asclepias species in Europe. We predict that the effect of A.speciosa on native habitats and communities, and its economic impact, are comparable to those of the highly invasive A.syriaca. Although A.speciosa currently occurs very rarely as an alien species in Europe, its existence in other regions of Europe is highly probable.
Le « prêt payant ». Les paradoxes de l’économie collaborative
Authors: Jacquet Édouard
Published: April 2019

Depuis 2011, le mouvement de l’« économie collaborative » gagne en popularité. Les entreprises issues de ce mouvement proposent à leurs utilisateurs un cadre d’interaction ambigu porté par un double discours mêlant à la fois registre marchand et désintéressement. À travers l’exemple d’Airbnb, site via lequel plus de 25 millions de particuliers ont loué un appartement, cet article décrit le travail des utilisateurs pour maintenir cette délicate définition de la situation que requiert l’hospitalité marchande. L’analyse proposée est fondée sur des entretiens menés auprès d’« hôtes » Airbnb et mobilise le cadre goffmanien pour expliquer leur travail relationnel.
La nécessaire rencontre des cultural studies et de l’économie politique de la communication
Authors: Maigret Éric , Rebillard Franck
Published: April 2019

Les cultural studies et l’économie politique de la communication ont depuis longtemps été confrontées – plus souvent que véritablement combinées – dans la recherche anglophone. Leur rencontre n’a en revanche pas encore eu véritablement lieu dans l’espace francophone. Elle n’est pas simplement nécessaire pour combler un vide dans les échanges intellectuels en français. Elle peut aussi fournir, en ce milieu des années 2010, l’opportunité de penser les pratiques culturelles et médiatiques dans leur globalité – de la production jusqu’à la réception, en passant par les représentations – et donc dans toute leur complexité, si l’on ne ramène pas le processus de totalisation à celui d’unification.
Économie politique et cultural studies : réconciliation ou divorce ?
Authors: Garnham Nicholas , Morin Céline
Published: April 2019

Ce texte est la traduction d’un article de Nicholas Garnham publié en 1995 dans la revue Critical Studies in Mass Communication . L’auteur considère que l’antagonisme profond entre économie politique et cultural studies peut être surmonté à condition que les cultural studies renoncent à l’accusation d’économisme et de réductionnisme formulée à l’égard de l’économie politique. Il invite néanmoins les chercheurs des cultural studies à prendre davantage en compte les déterminations économiques dans leur théorisation du pouvoir en matière de culture, et à ne pas rejeter trop rapidement les possibilités de fausse conscience des individus face aux productions culturelles et médiatiques qui leur sont soumises. Dans ce texte encore très imprégné du modèle marxiste traditionnel, l’auteur revient enfin sur la place accordée aux rapports de race et de genre dans les structures de domination, en défendant le primat de la classe sociale.
Cultural studies et économie politique de la communication : quel rapport au marxisme ?
Authors: Guibert Gérôme , Quemener Nelly
Published: April 2019

Cette contribution propose de rendre compte des divergences et convergences entre les travaux en économie politique de la communication et les travaux en cultural studies en se focalisant sur un élément de taille, la place des outils théoriques élaborés par Karl Marx, et plus largement du marxisme, dans la constitution des deux courants théoriques ainsi que dans leurs terrains d’étude privilégiés. On verra que les caractéristiques habituellement associées aux deux tendances sont loin d’être évidentes. On montrera que certains ancrages théoriques, comme le matérialisme culturel de Raymond Williams, et les débats autour de l’autonomie des publics et des pratiques numériques, dessinent des points de convergence.
Les refrains de la mondialisation
Authors: Da Lage Émilie , Debruyne François
Published: April 2019

Cette contribution vise à interroger l’évolution des travaux de l’économie politique de la communication et des cultural studies sous le thème : musique et mondialisation. Celui-ci oblige souvent les chercheurs à réviser certaines routines conceptuelles ; il permet de voir travailler dans le détail des perspectives, des méthodes, des positionnements critiques, des déplacements et des évolutions, voire d’éclairer des arrière-plans plus transversaux. C’est ainsi que, contre toute attente de réconciliation, ces deux traditions critiques apparaissent d’abord comme incommensurables et, finalement, plus dissemblables et incompatibles qu’elles ne l’ont peut-être jamais été. Mais cet article est aussi l’occasion de rendre visibles des points de fuite, des consonances et des dissonances, par-delà les termes des débats entre les deux courants.
De la scène musicale aux réseaux musicalisés
Authors: Costantini Stéphane
Published: April 2019

Au sein des courants de recherche portant sur les musiques populaires, plusieurs notions ont été développées afin d’étudier les faits musicaux et leurs dynamiques dans une dimension géographique, sociale et économique. Ces notions ont été conjointement élaborées et mobilisées par des chercheurs français et anglo-saxons issus des cultural studies , de l’économie politique (ou socio-économie des industries culturelles), ou encore de la sociologie des arts et de la culture. L’objet de cette contribution est d’envisager les divergences et les articulations possibles entre trois de ces notions, la scène , le proto-marché , et le réseau musicalisé , et d’interroger leurs potentiels heuristiques respectifs. En prenant l’exemple de musiciens provenant de zones géographiques variées en France et au Royaume-Uni, nous tenterons de montrer combien la mobilisation de ces notions peut s’avérer utile pour étudier les modalités de développement des projets musicaux, notamment dans l’étude de la construction de la valeur symbolique et économique de leurs activités musicales.
Internet, une société contre l’État ?
Authors: Loveluck Benjamin
Published: April 2019

L’informatique en réseau a souvent été présentée comme un instrument favorisant l’auto-organisation de la société civile, à partir de modes alternatifs de distribution du pouvoir et de coordination des activités. L’histoire d’internet, abordée du point de vue de l’histoire des idées, montre que de telles propriétés ont donné lieu à la formation d’une véritable philosophie politique que nous avons appelée le libéralisme informationnel . Celle-ci a vu différents modèles d’économie politique s’affronter ; nous en présentons ici le mouvement général ainsi que les divergences internes. Nous terminons par un exposé de trois grandes formes de gouvernementalité qui en sont issues, et qui ouvrent à une critique de l’économie politique en régime numérique : la captation, la dissémination et l’auto-institution.
Presse en ligne et communautés cognitives
Authors: Carbou Guillaume
Published: April 2019

Cet article entend montrer que les sections commentaires de certains sites d’actualité contribuent à stabiliser des communautés à la forte homogénéité idéologique. Après avoir circonscrit une définition de la « communauté cognitive » comme lieu de construction d’une unité d’appréhension du monde dans l’interaction discursive, nous montrons que les agoras numériques que fournissent les sites d’information en ligne permettent aux internautes de tester, confronter, et renforcer une unité idéologique. Nous appuyons notre propos par une analyse argumentative d’un corpus de commentaires sur les sites Atlantico.fr et l’Humanité.fr en réaction à l’« affaire DSK ». Nous défendons ainsi l’intérêt de l’analyse qualitative des tableaux de commentaires pour observer avec finesse des sédimentations idéologiques sur le web.
Pratiques radiophoniques et dynamiques communautaires des jeunes à l’ère du numérique
Authors: Damome Étienne
Published: April 2019

Ce texte propose les résultats d’une observation des pratiques communautaires post-réception des médias radiophoniques en Afrique de l’Ouest. Il analyse en particulier les interactions sociales qui s’instituent au creux des communautés engendrées par le rapport des jeunes aux médias. L’observation de ces processus sous le prisme des contextes communautaires qui les sous-tendent apporte une variante dans l’analyse des publics des médias. Elle permet d’identifier les lieux où les publics actifs trouvent les ressorts de leur engagement et, plus encore, de faire apparaître les conditions d’engagement individuel et collectif qui émergent suite à l’exposition aux médias et dans le jeu de l’interaction avec eux.
Les algorithmes de recommandation musicale et l’autonomie de l’auditeur
Authors: Beuscart Jean-Samuel , Coavoux Samuel , Maillard Sisley
Published: April 2019

Les services d’écoute musicale en streaming se situent à mi-chemin entre deux dispositifs antérieurs, la radio et la collection de disques, et deux modes d’agentivité associés : le consommateur pris en charge par la programmation musicale dans le cas de la radio, l’amateur dans le cas de la collection. Ils proposent ainsi un régime hybride de prise en charge personnalisée, adaptée aux goûts des usagers, mesurés par leurs écoutes passées, via l’usage de systèmes de recommandation. Dans quelle mesure la figure dessinée par les interfaces se traduit-elle dans les comportements réels des auditeurs ? Nous nous appuyons sur l’analyse des traces d’activités musicales d’un échantillon aléatoire de 4000 utilisateurs d’une plateforme musicale, suivi pendant une période de cinq mois, pour répondre à cette question. Nous décrivons d’abord la distribution des écoutes, et montrons que si la diversité des consommations sur la plateforme est plus grande que sur d’autres dispositifs, les écoutes demeurent fortement concentrées sur les artistes les plus populaires. Nous examinons ensuite les usages des recommandations par les usagers, en montrant qu’ils restent mesurés, inégalement distribués, et que les usages de découverte musicale, s’ils orientent les usagers vers des musiques de la mid-tail et de la long-tail, demeurent marginaux.
L’économie de la découverte musicale à l’ère numérique
Authors: Maisonneuve Sophie
Published: April 2019

Prenant acte des mutations survenues dans l’économie de la production et de la distribution de la musique avec la « révolution numérique » et de ses implications en termes de consommation, cet article en analyse les effets sur la manière dont les amateurs découvrent de nouvelles musiques : quelle est la place des dispositifs commerciaux, et notamment des algorithmes de recommandation ? La « numérimorphose » des pratiques de consommation musicale est-elle complète à cet égard ? Les « digital natives », en particulier, sont-ils entièrement convertis au régime numérique ? À partir d’une enquête portant sur une trentaine d’entretiens semi-directifs approfondis réalisés auprès de jeunes de 17 à 34 ans, cet article s’efforce de répondre à ces questions.
L’organisation et l’exploitation du travail des joueurs
Authors: Cocq Mathieu
Published: April 2019

L’économie numérique est marquée par un recours accru à des formes de production qui débordent le cadre du travail salarié et par l’émergence de modèles d’affaire reposant sur la contribution active des usagers. L’industrie du jeu vidéo est un terrain particulièrement fertile – bien que difficile d’accès – pour saisir certaines de ces mutations à l’œuvre. Il y a de notre point de vue un tournant serviciel dans les modèles d’affaire du jeu vidéo qui repose sur la constitution, l’animation et l’exploitation de communautés de joueurs. L’enjeu est de comprendre dans quelle mesure l’entreprise participe à la constitution de ces communautés. À l’appui d’un travail de terrain au long cours, nous analysons la manière dont une entreprise du secteur organise cette relation singulière avec les joueurs. Nous décrivons la stratégie, l’organisation formelle de l’implication des joueurs, ainsi que les conflits que ce rapport fait émerger grâce à un matériau qualitatif varié. Le cas étudié offre des perspectives pour comprendre les mutations en cours dans l’industrie du jeu vidéo.
L’État plateforme et l’identification numérique des usagers
Authors: Alauzen Marie
Published: April 2019

L’article interroge la notion d’État plateforme qui a guidé l’activité coordonnée de réforme de l’État français, entreprise entre 2014 et 2017, au Secrétariat général pour la modernisation de l’action publique (SGMAP). S’appuyant sur une ethnographie approfondie des services du SGMAP, il montre comment l’État plateforme a pris forme dans une application d’identification et d’échange de données administratives du nom de FranceConnect. Du choix des protocoles, à la conformité au droit ou à la formulation de l’identité, la conception administrative et informatique de l’application a engagé différentes épreuves techniques, politiques et juridiques. Nous verrons comment, dans ces épreuves, se sont façonnées deux caractéristiques de l’État en prise avec les technologies informatiques : la souveraineté numérique et l’ergonomie des services publics.
Elie Wollman, un homme de conviction
Authors: Wollman Francis-André
Published: April 2019

L’un des pionniers de la génétique moléculaire contemporaine, appartient à une génération de scientifiques profondément affectée par la Deuxième Guerre mondiale et l’Occupation. Sa vie professionnelle fut marquée par l’engagement dans la défense des institutions de recherche et la protection des intellectuels persécutés à l’ouest comme à l’est durant la guerre froide1
Elie Wollman and the question of lysogeny
Authors: Buc Henri
Published: April 2019

The rise of Molecular Biology occurred in part via the spectacular convergence of few schools of thoughts located on each side of the Atlantic Ocean. This paper underlines the importance of the personal trajectory followed by Elie Wollman, as a shuttle between the Institut Pasteur and the Division of Biology of the California Institute of Technology in the elucidation of the phenomena of lysogeny.
Energy Efficiency in Meat Processing
Authors: Pathare Pankaj B. , Roskilly Anthony Paul , Jagtap Sandeep
Published: April 2019

Energy conservation plays a vital role towards sustainable development of meat processing. Energy costs for many meat plants represent the fourth highest operational cost. In meat processing, moderate levels of both electrical and thermal energy are consumed in wide range of processes and applications. However, energy efficiency improvement in the meat processing industry have been a focus to increase the sustainability of meat processing in the past decades. This chapter started with the examination of the energy use in meat processing facilities. The emerging energy-efficient technologies for meat processing were discussed in detail. Energy requirement for well-cooked meats varies with cooking method, appliances, and consumer behavior. Energy consumption reduction during meat cooking may have an influence on global energy requirement. Selection of cooking method, fuel, and cookware are beneficial for reducing the carbon footprint of the cooking unit. This chapter also presents the effects on quality characteristics of meat and meat products by different cooking methods.