bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Interlayer‐Compressed Argon Gas Active Cooling on Microstructure and Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Fabricated by WAAM
Authors: Zhang Jianfei , Zhou Siyu , Li Xiaodan , Yin Jun , Zhou Song , Guo Xinpeng , Yang Guang
Published: August 2023

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been widely used due to its advantages of low cost and high efficiency. However, one of the unsolved problems in WAAM is the heat accumulation. In this study, the compressed argon‐based interlayer active cooling (AC) process is employed to reduce heat accumulation, and the influence mechanism on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V samples are revealed. It is shown in the results that the introduction of interlayer AC leads to the interlayer temperature decreases from 468 to 53 °C, and the widths of prior‐βgrains andαGBare refined. The increase of cooling rate (380–604 °C s−1) results in the transformation of large‐sized colonies into finer basket weave structure, accompanied by the production of martensiteα’. The finer basket weave structure increases the strength of the samples, while the narrowerαGBand the high‐angle grain boundaries increase the resistance of crack propagation. The high dislocation density caused by the faster cooling rate increases the plastic deformation to a certain extent. As a result, the interlayer AC improves the strength and plasticity of the samples simultaneously, the samples change from brittle and ductile‐mixed fracture to ductile fracture mode.
Functional 2D Phases in Mixed Dimensional Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Hu Fan , Lou Yan‐Hui , Wang Zhao‐Kui
Published: August 2023

Organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with unique properties exhibit their powerful competitiveness in the photovoltaic field over the past few years. However, the challenges of stability for perovskite devices limit the commercialization and further development. The 2D/3D hybrid structures combine the superior efficiency of bulk perovskites and the superior stability of layered perovskites and gradually get hotspots of the photovoltaic field. In addition, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding and systematic summary of the function of 2D perovskite attributed to the complex nature of 2D/3D structures. Here, the latest progress of 2D/3D hybrid structures and focus on the functionality of 2D phases in mixed structures and the underlying mechanism from the perspective of their different distributions in the perovskite layer is summarized. Then, the insight and vital factors for overall improvements in the stability of 2D/3D structures are thoroughly discussed. Finally, it is expected that this review will contribute to the present challenges and future research prospects in the photovoltaic industry.
Organic‐Solvent‐Free “Lego‐Like” Modular Preparation of Fab‐Nondestructive Antibody‐Drug Conjugates with Ultrahigh Drug‐to‐Antibody Ratio
Authors: Liu Zhilin , Zhang Honglei , Sun Jiali , Zheng Mengfei , Cui Linjie , Zhang Yu , Cheng Jianjun , Tang Zhaohui , Chen Xuesi
Published: August 2023

Antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) have exciting possibilities in targeted tumor therapy. However, in the existing ADC preparation processes, the random attachment of the payloads to the antigen‐binding fragments (Fab) greatly increases the risk of disrupting its antigen recognition ability, while the drug‐antibody ratio (DAR) is low, leading to a cumbersome preparation process and low drug delivery efficiency. Herein, poly(glutamic acid) is used to expand the number of drug binding sites, based on the “click chemistry” of azide and DBCO, and the high affinity of Fc‐III‐4C peptide to the crystalline fragment (Fc) of the monoclonal antibodies. Various antibody‐polymer‐drug conjugates are obtained with ultrahigh DAR using this organic‐solvent‐free “Lego‐like” modular construction. Among them, aHER2‐P‐MMAE with DAR of 41.6 achieves tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 99.7% for both medium‐sized and large SKOV‐3 ovarian tumors, and aPDL1‐P‐MMAE (DAR = 40.7) achieves TGI of 98.5% for MC38 colon tumors. In summary, a universal platform is created to prepare Fab‐nondestructive ADCs with ultrahigh DAR, which can be used to develop precision medicine for personalized anticancer therapy.
Enantioselective Catalytic Synthesis of α‐Stereogenic Chromen‐4‐one Amino Derivatives
Authors: Kovalevsky Ruslan A. , Vasechkin Konstantin V. , Kucherenko Alexander S. , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: August 2023

Direct enantioselective synthesis of 2‐substituted chromen‐4‐ones, bearing the amino group at α‐stereogenic center with respect to the heterocycle is developed. It is based on Mannich‐type asymmetric addition of 3‐hydroxychromen‐4‐one and its analogues to N‐protected imines in the presence of available alkaloid dihydrocuprein. α‐Stereogenic chromenone amino derivatives were formed in this reactions in 81–95% yield with up to 98% ee. The chiral adducts were transformed to diverse enantiomerically enriched chromen‐4‐one functional derivatives.
Synergistic Interface Engineering of RuO2/Co3O4 Heterostructures for Enhanced Overall Water Splitting in Acidic Media
Authors: Yang Yiming , Wang Luqi , Ma Mingyue , Hu Feng , Li Linlin , Tan Ying Chuan , Kai Dan , Ren Jianwei , Peng Shengjie
Published: August 2023

Designing nanocomposites with heterointerface as bifunctional electrocatalysts is a potential strategy to overcome the intrinsic activity limitation of electrocatalytic water splitting in acidic media, but it remains challenging. Herein, the highly efficient RuO2/Co3O4 electrocatalyst with a uniform nanoflower structure is prepared by hydrothermal growth combined with interface engineering. Benefiting from the unique nanostructure, the migration of electrons and intermediates is optimized by the sufficient exposure of abundant micropores and defects. Moreover, the formation of strong electronic interaction at the RuO2/Co3O4 heterointerfaces boosts the electrochemical active surface area and accelerates the reaction kinetics, which effectively improve the catalytic activity and stability of the catalyst. Based on enhanced intrinsic activity and electron transfer, the as‐synthesized RuO2/Co3O4 displays impressive hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction activity, which respectively require low overpotentials of 240 and 100 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4. As a bifunctional electrode, RuO2/Co3O4 exhibits a low operating voltage of 1.58 V at 10 mA cm−2 for overall electrochemical water splitting. This study demonstrates the importance of heterostructure engineering in providing an avenue to achieve acid‐stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications.
GGE biplot analysis of genotype by environment interaction and grain yield stability of oat (Avena sativa L.) in Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Gezahagn , Worku Walelign , Jifar Habte , Feyissa Fekede
Published: August 2023

A total of 24 oat genotypes were evaluated across 9 environments using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The combined analysis of variance indicated that grain yield was significantly affected by genotype, environment, and genotype by environment interaction (GEI). The environment's main effect explained 44.62% of the total variation, whereas the genotype and GEI captured 28.84% and 26.54%, respectively. The genotype plus genotype by environment (GGE) biplot of the first two principal components also explained (PC1 = 68.46%) and (PC2 = 11.84%) of the GEI sum of squares. G8 (SRCPX80Ab2267), G17 (SRCPX80Ab2310), G5 (Sorataf), G14 (Was), G19 (Bonsa), G22 (SRCPX80Ab2691), G12 (SRCPX80Ab2291), G11 (SRCPX80Ab2806), G4 (CI‐8251), and G16 (Jassari), which were located at the left side of the PC1, showed better grain yield performance. The smaller PC1 values were observed for G19, G14, G8, G11, G12, G17, and G22 showing better grain yield stability. The ideal genotype located at the center of the concentric circles was G19, whereas the desirable genotypes were G14, G8, G11, G12, G17, and G22. The polygon view of the GGE biplot showed that the first mega‐environment contains environment E3 (Ginchi) with G16, whereas the second mega‐environment contains environments E7 (Bekoji) and E8 (Kuyu) with G12 being the winning genotypes. The vertices of the fourth mega‐environments (E6—Kulumsa) were G8 and G17, whereas the remaining environments grouped in the third mega‐environment without vertex genotype. Furthermore, E2 (Ada‐Berga) was an ideal test environment, whereas E5 (D/Zeit), E1 (Holetta), and E4 (Jeldu) were identified as favorable environments. Regarding the mean grain yield and stability, G19, G14, G8, G11, G12, G17, and G22 were the best genotypes that can be considered adapted genotypes to wider environments.
Integrative multi‐omics analysis of genomic, epigenomic, and metabolomics data leads to new insights for Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Hubers Nikki , Hagenbeek Fiona A. , Pool René , Déjean Sébastien , Harms Amy C. , Roetman Peter J. , van Beijsterveldt Catharina E. M. , Fanos Vassilios , Ehli Erik A. , Vermeiren Robert R. J. M. , Bartels Meike , Hottenga Jouke Jan , Hankemeier Thomas , van Dongen Jenny , Boomsma Dorret I.
Published: August 2023

The evolving field of multi‐omics combines data and provides methods for simultaneous analysis across several omics levels. Here, we integrated genomics (transmitted and non‐transmitted polygenic scores [PGSs]), epigenomics, and metabolomics data in a multi‐omics framework to identify biomarkers for Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and investigated the connections among the three omics levels. We first trained single‐ and next multi‐omics models to differentiate between cases and controls in 596 twins (cases = 14.8%) from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) demonstrating reasonable in‐sample prediction through cross‐validation. The multi‐omics model selected 30 PGSs, 143 CpGs, and 90 metabolites. We confirmed previous associations of ADHD with glucocorticoid exposure and the transmembrane protein family TMEM, show that the DNA methylation of the MAD1L1 gene associated with ADHD has a relation with parental smoking behavior, and present novel findings including associations between indirect genetic effects and CpGs of the STAP2 gene. However, out‐of‐sample prediction in NTR participants (N = 258, cases = 14.3%) and in a clinical sample (N = 145, cases = 51%) did not perform well (range misclassification was [0.40, 0.57]). The results highlighted connections between omics levels, with the strongest connections between non‐transmitted PGSs, CpGs, and amino acid levels and show that multi‐omics designs considering interrelated omics levels can help unravel the complex biology underlying ADHD.
Cardiovascular health and cognitive outcomes: Findings from a biracial population‐based study in the United States
Authors: Dhana Anisa , DeCarli Charles S. , Dhana Klodian , Desai Pankaja , Holland Thomas M. , Evans Denis A. , Rajan Kumar B.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of cardiovascular health (CVH) with cognitive outcomes, including incident Alzheimer's dementia, rate of cognitive decline, and measures of brain injury and structure.

METHODS

This study consisted of 1702 Black or African American and White participants living in the south side of Chicago, Illinois, and enrolled in the Chicago Health and Aging Project, a population‐based cohort since 1993. CVH was based on seven risk factors, including diet, physical activity, body mass index, smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes.

RESULTS

In a multivariable‐adjusted model, CVH was associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer's dementia. The hazard ratio per 1 additional point in CVH score was 0.84 (95% CI 0.76, 0.94). CVH was also associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline and less volume (injury) in white matter hyperintensities.

DISCUSSION

Promoting CVH in communities with Black residents may lower the future risk of Alzheimer's dementia.
Chiroptical Amplification of Induced Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Nucleotide‐Templated Supramolecular Polymer
Authors: Das Angshuman , Ghosh Saikat , George Subi J.
Published: August 2023

Efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from purely organic molecules holds great promise for applications in displays, sensing, and bioimaging. However, achieving high dissymmetry values (glum) from organic chromophores remains a significant challenge. Herein, we present a bioinspired approach using adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐triggered supramolecular polymerization of a naphthalene diimide‐derived monomer (ANSG) to induce CPL with a remarkable glum value of 1.1×10−2. The ANSG molecules undergo a templated, chiral self‐assembly through a cooperative growth mechanism in the presence of ATP, resulting in scrolled nanotubes with aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) and induced CPL. Furthermore, we demonstrate the concept of chiroptical amplification of induced CPL by efficiently amplifying asymmetry using a mixture of chiral ATP and achiral pyrophosphate. This innovative approach opens numerous opportunities in the emerging field of circularly polarized luminescence.
A Single‐Crystal Monomer to Single‐Crystal Polymer Reaction Activated by a Triplet Excimer in a Zipper Mechanism
Authors: Long Lanxin , Medina Rivero Samara , Sun Fanxi , Wang Dongsheng , Chekulaev Dimitri , Tonnelé Claire , Casanova David , Casado Juan , Zheng Yonghao
Published: August 2023

A combined experimental and theoretical study focused on the elucidation of the polymerization mechanism of the crystal monomer to crystal polymer reaction of a bisindenedione compound in the solid state. The experimental description and characterization of the polymer product have been reported elsewhere and, in this article, we address the first detailed description of the polymerization process. This reaction pathway consists of the initial formation of a triplet excimer state that relaxes to an intermolecularly bonded triplet state that is the starting point of the propagation step of the polymerization. The overall process can be visualized in the monomer starting state as an open zipper in which a cursor or slider is formed by light absorption and the whole zipper is then closed by propagation of the cursor. To this end, variable‐temperature electron spin resonance (ESR), femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and vibrational Raman spectroscopic data have been implemented in combination with quantum chemical calculations. The presented mechanistic insight is of great value to understand the intricacies of such an important reaction and to envisage and diversify the products produced thereof.
Metal‐Free Directed Site‐Selective Csp3‐H Borylation of Saturated Cyclic Amines
Authors: Kumar Someswara Ashwathappa Puneeth , Higashi Takuya , Desrosiers Vincent , Omaña Alvaro A. , Fontaine Frédéric‐Georges
Published: August 2023

The borylation of Csp3−H bonds is a challenging transformation that is typically restricted to transition metal catalysis. Herein, we report the site‐selective metal‐free Csp3−H borylation of saturated cyclic amines. It is possible to selectively borylate piperidine derivatives at the α or β positions according to the reaction conditions. The mechanism was supported by NMR spectroscopy, calorimetry experiments and density functional theory (DFT) computations. It suggests that the piperidine is dehydrogenated by complexation with BBr3 to produce an enamine intermediate, which is in turn borylated at either the α or β position according to the reaction conditions.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Oxygen‐Containing Aromatic Plastic Wastes to Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers
Authors: Wei Junde , Zhu Mengmeng , Liu Ben , Wang Nan , Liu Jieyi , Tomishige Keiichi , Liu Sibao , Liu Guozhu
Published: August 2023

To address the global plastic pollution issues and the challenges of hydrogen storage and transportation, we report a system, based on the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of oxygen‐containing aromatic plastic wastes, from which organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) can be derived. We developed a catalytic system comprised of Ru‐ReOx/SiO2+HZSM‐5 for direct HDO of polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), and their mixtures, to cycloalkanes as LOHCs, with high yields up to 99 %, under mild reaction conditions. The theoretical hydrogen storage capacity reaches ca. 5.74 wt%. The reaction pathway involves depolymerization of PC into C15 aromatics and C15 monophenols by direct hydrogenolysis of the C−O bond between the benzene ring and ester group, and subsequent parallel hydrogenation of C15 aromatics and HDO of C15 monophenols. HDO of cyclic alcohol is the rate‐determining step. The active site is Ru metallic nanoparticles with partially covered ReOx species. The excellent performance is attributed to the synergetic effect of oxophilic ReOx species and Ru metallic sites for C−O hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation, and the promotion effect of HZSM‐5 for dehydration of cyclic alcohol. The highly efficient and stable dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes over Pt/γ‐Al2O3 confirms that HDO products can act as LOHCs.
Crossover Sorption of C2H2/CO2 and C2H6/C2H4 in Soft Porous Coordination Networks
Authors: Shivanna Mohana , Otake Ken‐ichi , Hiraide Shotaro , Fujikawa Takao , Wang Ping , Gu Yifan , Ashitani Hirotaka , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kubota Yoshiki , Miyahara Minoru T. , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: August 2023

Porous sorbents are materials that are used for various applications, including storage and separation. Typically, the uptake of a single gas by a sorbent decreases with temperature, but the relative affinity for two similar gases does not change. However, in this study, we report a rare example of “crossover sorption,” in which the uptake capacity and apparent affinity for two similar gases reverse at different temperatures. We synthesized two soft porous coordination polymers (PCPs), [Zn2(L1)(L2)2]n (PCP‐1) and [Zn2(L1)(L3)2]n (PCP‐2) (L1= 1,4‐bis(4‐pyridyl)benzene, L2=5‐methyl‐1,3‐di(4‐carboxyphenyl)benzene, and L3=5‐methoxy‐1,3‐di(4‐carboxyphenyl)benzene). These PCPs exhibits structural changes upon gas sorption and show the crossover sorption for both C2H2/CO2 and C2H6/C2H4, in which the apparent affinity reverse with temperature. We used in situ gas‐loading single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis to reveal the guest inclusion structures of PCP‐1 for C2H2, CO2, C2H6, and C2H4 gases at various temperatures. Interestingly, we observed three‐step single‐crystal to single‐crystal (sc‐sc) transformations with the different loading phases under these gases, providing insight into guest binding positions, nature of host–guest or guest‐guest interactions, and their phase transformations upon exposure to these gases. Combining with theoretical investigation, we have fully elucidated the crossover sorption in the flexible coordination networks, which involves a reversal of apparent affinity and uptake of similar gases at different temperatures. We discovered that this behaviour can be explained by the delicate balance between guest binding and host–guest and guest‐guest interactions.
Mixed‐metal Ionothermal Synthesis of Metallophthalocyanine Covalent Organic Frameworks for CO2 Capture and Conversion
Authors: Seob Song Kyung , Fritz Patrick W. , Abbott Daniel F. , Nga Poon Lok , Caridade Cristiano M. , Gándara Felipe , Mougel Victor , Coskun Ali
Published: August 2023

Phthalocyanines (PCs) are intriguing building blocks owing to their stability, physicochemical and catalytic properties. Although PC‐based polymers have been reported before, many suffer from relatively low stability, crystallinity, and low surface areas. Utilizing a mixed‐metal salt ionothermal approach, we report the synthesis of a series of metallophthalocyanine‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) starting from 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene and 2,3,6,7‐tetracyanoanthracene to form the corresponding COFs named M‐pPPCs and M‐anPPCs, respectively. The obtained COFs followed the Irving–Williams series in their metal contents, surface areas, and pore volume and featured excellent CO2 uptake capacities up to 7.6 mmol g−1 at 273 K, 1.1 bar. We also investigated the growth of the Co‐pPPC and Co‐anPPC on a highly conductive carbon nanofiber and demonstrated their high catalytic activity in the electrochemical CO2 reduction, which showed Faradaic efficiencies towards CO up to 74 % at −0.64 V vs. RHE.
Effect of GO‐TiO2 to waterborne epoxy resin on microstructure and anti‐corrosion properties
Authors: Wan Tao , Wang Bo , Wei Shicheng , Yu Kailun , Wang Yujiang , Liang Yi , Huang Wei , Chen Hao , Jiao Zhongyuan
Published: August 2023

To enhance the anti‐corrosion of the waterborne epoxy resin coating, we filled GO‐TiO2 into the coating with ultrasound and stirring method. Results show that coatings rendered optimum properties at GO‐TiO2 content of 0.4 wt% with a hardness of 3H and rate of thermal weight loss reduce 8.3 wt%. After immersion for 30 days, coating exhibited water absorption ratio of merely 11.25% and open circuit potential of −0.871 V. After 1000 h of scratch‐neutral salt spray test, no obvious signs of corrosion were observed on surface. Moreover, Electrochemical results demonstrated that maximum impedance modulus of 0.4GO‐TiO2 coating was 2.18 × 106 Ω cm2, corresponding to superior corrosion resistance. What is more, anticorrosion mechanism was discussed. In conclusion, Filling GO‐TiO2 improved mechanical properties, thermal stability and corrosion resistance of waterborne epoxy resin coatings.
Predicting sugar intake using an extended theory of planned behavior in a sample of adolescents: The role of habit and self‐control
Authors: Phipps Daniel J. , Hagger Martin S. , Hamilton Kyra
Published: August 2023

Introduction

High levels of sugar intake are associated with multiple maladaptive health outcomes in adult and younger populations. Identifying the psychological determinants of sugar intake in adolescents, and the processes involved, may help identify potentially modifiable targets and inform intervention development. We tested the predictions of an extended theoretical model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), which specified social cognition constructs, habit, and self‐control as correlates of sugar intake in an adolescent sample.

Methods

Adolescents aged 12 to 14 years (N = 88) recruited via a survey panel company and consenting to participate in the study completed online self‐report measures of constructs from the TPB alongside measures of habit and self‐control. One month later, participants completed a follow‐up measure of free‐sugar intake. Hypothesized effects of our proposed extended model were tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Results

We found statistically significant effects of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on sugar intake intentions. We also found significant effects of habit and self‐control on sugar intake measured at follow‐up, but no effect for intention. Perceived behavioral control moderated the intention–behavior relationship such that intention effects on behavior were larger when perceived behavioral control was high. However, self‐control did not moderate the intention–behavior relationship.

Conclusion

Results indicate that sugar intake in this sample was a function of habits and self‐control, and the effect of sugar intake intentions was conditional on perceived behavioral control. Results contribute to an evidence base of determinants and associated processes that relate to sugar intake in adolescents and may signal potentially modifiable targets for intervention.
Stemming the tide: Does climate risk affect M&A performance?
Authors: Lodh Suman , Deshmukh Nitin , Rohani Alireza
Published: August 2023

We examine the effect of climate change risks (CCR) on firms' decision of engaging in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and M&A performance. In this study we use the responses by firms on ‘climate change‐related risks and opportunities’ of the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) survey and 1372 deals of US listed firms during 2010–2020. Consistent with risk vulnerability theory, our evidence indicates that firms with higher CCR have a lower probability of engaging in M&As. After controlling for possible endogeneity, our results also indicate that if acquirers with higher climate change risks choose to engage in M&A, it significantly reduces the announcement returns. These findings suggest that extant measures of climate change risks should be rethought when evaluating M&A efficiency. More broadly, our paper provides causal evidence that managers need to integrate CCR into their formal risk management systems to avoid unsuccessful M&As.
The Phytochemical Tactics for Battling Antibiotic Resistance in Microbes: Secondary Metabolites and Nano Antibiotics Methods
Authors: Habib Adam Mujahid , Tandon Nitin , Singh Iqubal , Tandon Runjhun
Published: August 2023

One of the most serious threats to human health is antibiotic resistance, which has left the world without effective antibiotics. While continuous research and inventions for new antibiotics are going on, especially those with new modes of action, it is unlikely that this alone would be sufficient to win the battle. Furthermore, it is also important to investigate additional approaches. One such strategy for improving the efficacy of existing antibiotics is the discovery of adjuvants. This review has collected data from various studies on the current crisis and approaches for combating multi‐drug resistance in microbial pathogens using phytochemicals. In addition, the nano antibiotic approaches, are discussed, highlighting the high potentials of essential oils, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and nano antibiotics in combating antibiotic resistance.
Comparative Chemical Composition and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitory Potential of Cinnamomum camphora and Cinnamomum tamala
Authors: Rawat Avneesh , Bhatt Divya , Kholiya Sushma , Chauhan Amit , Bawankule Dnyaneshwar Umrao , Chanotiya Chandan Singh , Padalia Rajendra Chandra
Published: August 2023

Cinnamomum species have applications in the pharmaceutical and fragrance industry for wide biological and pharmaceutical activities. The present study investigates the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from two species of Cinnamomum namely C. tamala and C. camphora. Chemical analysis showed E‐cinnamyl acetate (56.14 %), E‐cinnamaldehyde (20.15 %), and linalool (11.77 %) contributed as the major compounds of the 95.22 % of C. tamala leaves essential oil found rich in phenylpropanoids (76.96 %). C. camphora essential oil accounting for 93.57 % of the total oil composition was rich in 1,8‐cineole (55.84 %), sabinene (14.37 %), and α‐terpineol (10.49 %) making the oil abundant in oxygenated monoterpenes (70.63 %). Furthermore, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity for both the essential oils was carried out using Ellman's colorimetric method. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential at highest studied concentration of 1 mg/mL was observed to be 46.12±1.52 % for C. tamala and 53.61±2.66 % for C. camphora compared to the standard drug physostigmine (97.53±0.63 %) at 100 ng/ml. These multiple natural aromatic and fragrant characteristics with distinct chemical compositions offered by Cinnamon species provide varied benefits in the development of formulations that could be advantageous for the flavor and fragrance industry.
Linking perceived social support, career adaptability, and innovative behavior: A two‐wave study
Authors: Rençber İbrahim , Paşaoğlu Baş Didem
Published: August 2023

Based on the career construction model of adaptation, this study examined the relationships of career adaptability with measures of adaptivity, and adaptation results. Specifically, we investigated the link among perceived social support, career adaptability, and innovative behavior in the Turkish context. Data were collected from 171 employees. Results indicated that perceived social support positively affected career adaptability, as expected. Contrary to expected, there was no significant relationship between innovative behavior and career adaptability and social support. In addition, career adaptability did not act as a mediator in the association of social support and innovative behavior. Implications and directions for future research were discussed.
Dearomatization of C6 Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Main Group Complexes
Authors: Zhu Huaiyuan , Fujimori Shiori , Kostenko Arseni , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: August 2023

The dearomatization reaction is a powerful method for transformation of simple aromatic compounds to unique chemical architectures rapidly in synthetic chemistry. Over the past decades, the chemistry in this field has evolved significantly and various important organic compounds such as crucial bioactive molecules have been synthesized through dearomatization. In general, photochemical conditions or assistance by transition metals are required for dearomatization of rigid arenes. Recently, main‐group elements, especially naturally abundant elements in the Earth's crust, have attracted attention as they have low toxicity and are cost‐effective compared to the late transition metals. In recent decades, a variety of low‐valent main‐group molecules, which enable the activation of stable aromatic compounds under mild conditions, have been developed. This minireview highlights the developments in the chemistry of dearomatization of C6 aromatic hydrocarbons by main‐group compounds leading to the formation of seven‐membered EC6 (E=main‐group elements) ring or cycloaddition products.
Copper Nitrate‐Mediated Selective Bond Cleavage of Alkynes: Diverse Synthesis of Isoxazoles†
Authors: Liu Jianan , Zhou Kaijing , Sun Shaobo , Gao Mingchun , Xu Bin
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive Summary

An unprecedented copper nitrate‐mediated bond cleavage of alkynes was developed for the modular synthesis of isoxazoles, where either C—S bond or C≡C triple bond was cleaved selectively. Substituents attached to the C≡C triple bonds could differentiate the chemical bonds cleavage and reaction pathways disparately. Various transformations of products illustrate promising applications of the given protocols.
Evaluating cancer cell line and patient‐derived xenograft recapitulation of tumor and non‐diseased tissue gene expression profiles in silico
Authors: Williams Avery S. , Wilk Elizabeth J. , Fisher Jennifer L. , Lasseigne Brittany N.
Published: August 2023

Background

Preclinical models like cancer cell lines and patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) are vital for studying disease mechanisms and evaluating treatment options. It is essential that they accurately recapitulate the disease state of interest to generate results that will translate in the clinic. Prior studies have demonstrated that preclinical models do not recapitulate all biological aspects of human tissues, particularly with respect to the tissue of origin gene expression signatures. Therefore, it is critical to assess how well preclinical model gene expression profiles correlate with human cancer tissues to inform preclinical model selection and data analysis decisions.

Aims

Here we evaluated how well preclinical models recapitulate human cancer and non‐diseased tissue gene expression patterns in silico with respect to the full gene expression profile as well as subsetting by the most variable genes, genes significantly correlated with tumor purity, and tissue‐specific genes.

Methods

By using publicly available gene expression profiles across multiple sources, we evaluated cancer cell line and patient‐derived xenograft recapitulation of tumor and non‐diseased tissue gene expression profiles in silico.

Results

We found that using the full gene set improves correlations between preclinical model and tissue global gene expression profiles, confirmed that glioblastoma (GBM) PDX global gene expression correlation to GBM tumor global gene expression outperforms GBM cell line to GBM tumor global gene expression correlations, and demonstrated that preclinical models in our study often failed to reproduce tissue‐specific expression. While including additional genes for global gene expression comparison between cell lines and tissues decreases the overall correlation, it improves the relative rank between a cell line and its tissue of origin compared to other tissues. Our findings underscore the importance of using the full gene expression set measured when comparing preclinical models and tissues and confirm that tissue‐specific patterns are better preserved in GBM PDX models than in GBM cell lines.

Conclusion

Future studies can build on these findings to determine the specific pathways and gene sets recapitulated by particular preclinical models to facilitate model selection for a given study design or goal.
Seasonal dietary shifts alter the gut microbiota of a frugivorous lizard Teratoscincus roborowskii (Squamata, Sphaerodactylidae)
Authors: Gao Wei‐Zhen , Yang Yi , Shi Lei
Published: August 2023

Seasonal dietary shifts in animals are important strategies for ecological adaptation. An increasing number of studies have shown that seasonal dietary shifts can influence or even determine the composition of gut microbiota. The Turpan wonder gecko, Teratoscincus roborowskii, lives in extreme desert environments and has a flexible dietary shift to fruit‐eating in warm seasons. However, the effect of such shifts on the gut microbiota is poorly understood. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing and LC–MS metabolomics were used to examine changes in the gut microbiota composition and metabolic patterns of T. roborowskii. The results demonstrated that the gut microbes of T. roborowskii underwent significant seasonal changes, and the abundance of phylum level in autumn was significantly higher than spring, but meanwhile, the diversity was lower. At the family level, the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota were both higher in autumn. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant gut microbes of T. roborowskii. Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria exhibited dynamic ebb and flow patterns between spring and autumn. Metabolomic profiling also revealed differences mainly related to the formation of secondary bile acids. The pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and lysine degradation pathways identified by KEGG enrichment symbolize the exuberant metabolic capacity of T. roborowskii. Furthermore, strong correlations were detected between metabolite types and bacteria, and this correlation may be an important adaptation of T. roborowskii to cope with dietary shifts and improve energy acquisition. Our study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the adaptive evolution of the special frugivorous behavior of T. roborowskii, which is an important progress in the study of gut microbes in desert lizards.
Realizing High Thermoelectric Performance in n‐Type Se‐Free Bi2Te3 Materials by Spontaneous Incorporation of FeTe2 Nanoinclusions
Authors: Rahman Jamil Ur , Nam Woo Hyun , Jung Yong‐Jae , Won Jong Ho , Oh Jong‐Min , Van Du Nguyen , Rahman Gul , García‐Suárez Víctor M. , He Ran , Nielsch Kornelius , Cho Jung Young , Seo Won‐Seon , Roh Jong Wook , Kim Sang‐il , Lee Soonil , Lee Kyu Hyoung , Kim Hyun Sik , Shin Weon Ho
Published: August 2023

Bi2Te3‐based materials have drawn much attention from the thermoelectric community due to their excellent thermoelectric performance near room temperature. However, the stability of existing n‐type Bi2(Te,Se)3 materials is still low due to the evaporation energy of Se (37.70 kJ mol−1) being much lower than that of Te (52.55 kJ mol−1). The evaporated Se from the material causes problems in interconnects of the module while degrading the efficiency. Here, we have developed a new approach for the high‐performance and stable n‐type Se‐free Bi2Te3‐based materials by maximizing the electronic transport while suppressing the phonon transport, at the same time. Spontaneously generated FeTe2 nanoinclusions within the matrix during the melt‐spinning and subsequent spark plasma sintering is the key to simultaneous engineering of the power factor and lattice thermal conductivity. The nanoinclusions change the fermi level of the matrix while intensifying the phonon scattering via nanoparticles. With a fine‐tuning of the fermi level with Cu doping in the n‐type Bi2Te3–0.02FeTe2, a high power factor of ~41 × 10−4 Wm−1 K−2 with an average zT of 1.01 at the temperature range 300–470 K are achieved, which are comparable to those obtained in n‐type Bi2(Te,Se)3 materials. The proposed approach enables the fabrication of high‐performance n‐type Bi2Te3‐based materials without having to include volatile Se element, which guarantees the stability of the material. Consequently, widespread application of thermoelectric devices utilizing the n‐type Bi2Te3‐based materials will become possible.
Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐Trimethylsilyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ones from 1‐Ethoxy(hydroxy)‐5‐(trimethylsilyl)pentenynones
Authors: Pankova Alena S. , Golubev Pavel , Molin Ilia A. , Rostovskii Nikolai V.
Published: August 2023

Exclusive formation of 5‐aryl‐2‐trimethylsilyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ones is accomplished by a regioselective cyclization of 2‐aryl‐1‐ethoxy(hydroxy)‐5‐(trimethylsilyl)pent‐1‐en‐4‐yn‐3‐ones. This cyclization occurs in a 6‐endo‐dig mode through addition to the β‐atom of the TMS substituted triple bond. The reaction was found to be general for a range of ethoxyenynones upon heating in glacial acetic acid and for analogous hydroxyenynones in diphenyl ether. Plausible mechanistic explanation and possible post‐modifications of resulting pyranones are offered.
Modeling and performance analysis of novel quad‐tied PV array configuration under partial shading conditions
Authors: Verma Pallavi , Singh Chandranshu , Dogra Rahul , Bhaskar M. S. , Gupta Nikita , Khan Baseem
Published: August 2023

A photovoltaic (PV) cell is the smallest unit in an array that exhibits nonlinear characteristic curves. To gather the maximum amount of energy from a PV array under partial shading conditions (PSCs), it is necessary to follow the largest peak in the power–voltage (P–V) curve. PV cells are partially or totally shaded due to atmospheric conditions, which show multiple peaks in the PV curve. To overcome the losses occurring due to PSCs, PV array reconfiguration action is advisable. The authors of this work proposed a novel quad‐tied PV array configuration and compared its performance to that of other current configurations such as series‐parallel, total‐cross tied, and others in terms of global maximum power point tracking, mismatch loss, fill factor, and efficiency. The MATLAB/Simulink 2020a platform was used to generate PV array curves under various shading conditions.
Prevalence of pituitary hormone dysfunction following radiotherapy for sinonasal and nasopharyngeal malignancies
Authors: Contrera Kevin J. , Phan Jack , Waguespack Steven G. , Aldehaim Mohammed , Wang Xin , Lim Tze Yee , Roberts Dianna B. , Fuller C. David , Spiotto Michael T. , Raza Shaan M. , DeMonte Franco , Hanna Ehab Y. , Su Shirley Y.
Published: August 2023

Background

There are limited studies and no surveillance protocols on pituitary dysfunction for adults who underwent anterior skull base radiation.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study of 50 consecutive patients with sinonasal or nasopharyngeal cancer who underwent definitive radiotherapy. The mean radiation doses, prevalence of pituitary dysfunction, and associated factors were calculated.

Results

Pituitary hormone levels were abnormal in 23 (46%) patients, including 6 (12%) with symptomatic abnormalities requiring treatment. The most common hormonal abnormality was hyperprolactinemia (30%), central hypothyroidism (8%) and central hypogonadism (6%). Patients with abnormal pituitary hormone values received higher mean radiation doses to the pituitary gland (1143 cGy, P = 0.04), pituitary stalk (1129 cGy, P = 0.02), optic chiasm (1094 cGy, P = 0.01), and hypothalamus (900 cGy, P = 0.01).

Conclusions

Nearly half of the patients had abnormal pituitary function, including over a tenth requiring treatment. There may be a dose‐dependent association between hormonal dysfunction and radiation.
I copy you as I believe you know about our culture: Combining imitation and selective trust literatures
Authors: Fong Frankie T. K. , Nielsen Mark , Corriveau Kathleen H.
Published: August 2023

Empirical findings and theorizations of both imitation and selective trust offer different views on and interpretations of children's social learning mechanisms. The imitation literature provides ample documentation of children's behavioural patterns in the acquisition of socially appropriate norms and practices. The selective trust literature provides insights into children's cognitive processes of choosing credible informants and what information to learn in future interactions. In this paper, we place together findings from both fields and note that they share analogically similar theoretical underpinnings and offer explanations that are complementary to each other. We contend that children's imitative tendency may be due to their selection of in‐group members as cultural experts, who serve as reliable sources of conventional information. Moving forward, we note the importance of evaluating individual differences and cultural factors to provide a more holistic understanding of universality and variation in children's social learning mechanisms.
Ensuring access to justice: the need for community paralegals to end AIDS by 2030
Authors: Hinman Kati , Sun Nina , Amon Joseph J.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The HIV response has long recognized that certain “key populations” such as individuals in detention, adolescent girls and young women, sex workers, people who use drugs, LGBTQ individuals, migrants and others face higher barriers to access to, uptake of, and retention in HIV prevention and treatment services. One approach to addressing these barriers is the training of community paralegals to advocate for the rights of individuals and to address discrimination in health settings.

Discussion

Community paralegal programmes have been able to successfully address rights violations that impact access to health services and underlying determinants of health across a range of countries and populations, focusing upon issues such as discrimination and the denial of health services; unlawful detention of outreach workers, sex workers, persons who use drugs and men who have sex with men; and harmful traditional practices and gender‐based violence. In addition to resolving specific cases, evaluations of paralegal programmes have found that these programmes increased legal literacy among key populations at risk of HIV and increased understanding of human rights among healthcare providers, resulting in improved access to HIV services. Some evaluations have noted challenges related to the sustainability of paralegal programmes similar to those raised with community health worker programmes more broadly.

Conclusions

To achieve global HIV goals, funding for legal literacy and paralegal programmes should be increased and interventions should be rigorously evaluated. Efforts should target discrimination in access to HIV prevention and treatment and criminalization of key populations, two key barriers to ensuring access to HIV prevention and treatment services.
Greater than the sum of its parts: A view of professional counseling grounded in history and looking toward the future
Authors: Fickling Melissa J.
Published: August 2023

Three counseling histories—career counseling, social justice, and humanistic counseling—taken together, offer a framework for conceptualization and training that aligns in a holistic way with the profession's values. These foundations comprise a unique professional identity, which can allow counselors to adequately address complex client needs.
Synthetic Strategy for the Development of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as Cathode Interfacial Layers: Toward Sustainable Organic Devices
Authors: Pasini Mariacecilia , Galeotti Francesco , Mróz Wojciech , Squeo Benedetta Maria , Luzzati Silvia , Botta Chiara , Scavia Guido , Giovanella Umberto
Published: August 2023

The use of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) as interfacial layers (ILs) to increase the efficiency of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells (OSCs), and organic transistors is a well‐established strategy. Here, the rational process is reported that led to develop the bifunctional poly[(2,7‐(9,9’‐bis(6’‐diethoxylphosphorylhexyl)‐fluorene)‐alt‐(2,7‐(9,9′‐bis(6″‐trimethylammonium bromide)hexyl)‐fluorene)] (PF‐NBr‐EP). PF‐NBr‐EP is successfully incorporated as a cathode IL (CIL) in diverse electronic and optoelectronic devices. The properties of two fluorene‐based CPEs containing, respectively, phosphonate (EP) and ammonium (NBr) moieties used as building blocks for the synthesis of the PF‐NBr‐EP copolymer and their mixtures are investigated to evaluate the combined effect of the two moieties and therefore to gain insight into the behavior of PF‐NBr‐EP chemical structure in the devices. Additionally, the performance of OLEDs and OSCs is analyzed based on established active layers, incorporating all these neat and mixed CILs.
Traveling waves for a nonlocal dispersal susceptible–infected–recovered epidemic model with the mass action infection mechanism
Authors: Wu Xin , Ma Zhaohai
Published: August 2023

This paper is concerned with a nonlocal dispersal susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) epidemic model adopted with the mass action infection mechanism. We mainly study the existence and non‐existence of traveling waves connecting the infection‐free equilibrium state and the endemic equilibrium state. The main difficulty lies in the fact that the semiflow generated here does not admit the order‐preserving property. Meanwhile, this new model brings some new challenges due to the unboundedness of the nonlinear term. We overcome these difficulties to obtain the boundedness of traveling waves with the speed
by some analysis techniques firstly and then prove the existence of traveling waves by employing Lyapunov–LaSalle theorem and Lebesgue dominated convergence theorem. By utilizing an approximating method, we study the existence of traveling waves with the critical wave speed
. Our results on this new model may provide some implications on disease modeling and controls.
Numerical solution of coupled Cahn–Hilliard Navier–Stokes equations for two‐phase flows having variable density and viscosity
Authors: Sohaib Muhammad , Shah Abdullah
Published: August 2023

This work is concerned with the implementation of a decoupled diffuse interface approach for the numerical solution of two‐phase flows with a moving interface. The underlying two‐phase flow model consists of a mass‐preserving Cahn–Hilliard (CH) equation coupled with the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations (NSEs) through surface tension. Due to the higher order nonlinearity and stiff nature of the CH equation, its numerical solution is very challenging. We have used the decoupled pressure projection method for the numerical simulation of the governing equations. The spatial variables are discretized using the finite difference scheme on the staggered grids, while the explicit Euler method is used for time discretization. Four examples include the coalescence of inline rising bubbles, the obliques coalescence of two rising bubbles, and the deformation of single and two different‐sized bubbles in a shear flow field is numerically simulated. It is observed that the scheme is capable of tracking the interface accurately and respecting mass conservation and energy dissipation. Moreover, the scheme is efficient, easily implementable, energy stable, and fully decoupled.