bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blended tea ameliorates T2DM via modulation of gut microflora
Authors: Liu Sui , Dai Xinyue , Zhao Jinqi , Zhang Xuwen , Zhu Mingzhi , Wang Kunbo , Fu Donghe
Published: May 2024

Increasing evidences suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely related to gut microflora dysbiosis, which can be improved by dietary intervention. Four natural plant products, including Cyclocarya paliurus, Fu brick tea, Ampelopsis grossedentata, and Lithocarpus litseifolius, which are all rich in bioactive ingredients, are preliminarily found to be individually effective in alleviating T2DM. However, each of these four products has its own limitations in taste or aroma. In this study, these four natural plant products were blended to form a blended teaproduct for obtaining the better flavor. The blended tea was also expected to have excellent pharmacological activity. Therefore, the ameliorative effect of blended tea on T2DM and underlying mechanisms were studied in this study. The results showed that the blended tea extract effectively attenuated the symptoms of glucose and lipid metabolism-related disorders in T2DM mice fed by high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD). Furthermore, blended tea extract intervention significantly attenuated gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by increased community diversity and community richness. Certain core microbes, including Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Butyricimonas, Roseburia, Oscillibacter, [Eubacterium]_nodatum_group, Muribaculaceae, Prevotellaceae UCG 001, were also found to be improved by blended tea extract. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the blended tea may ameliorateT2DM through modulation of gut microflora. The blended tea may serve as novel functional drink for the treatment of T2DM and dysbiosis of gut microbiota.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Cox’s Bazar from 1990 to 2020: Exploring the Relationship between LST, NDVI, NDBI and LULC
Authors: HASAN MD. MEHADI
Published: May 2024

Bangladesh, a densely populated developing nation, faces significant environmental challenges exacerbated by rapid population growth and economic development. This study focuses on Cox's Bazar district, characterized by its evolving land use patterns and susceptibility to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Using Geographic Information Science (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques, we assess the dynamics of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) from 1990 to 2020. Our analysis reveals substantial shifts in LULC, with implications for environmental degradation and sustainable management. We observe a decline in forest acreage, emphasizing the urgent need for conservation efforts. Furthermore, our investigation into LST, NDVI, and NDBI highlights the impacts of urbanization and impervious surface expansion on temperature regulation and vegetation health. These findings underscore the importance of understanding and mitigating the UHI effect through informed land use planning and environmental management strategies. Through our comprehensive analysis, we contribute to the knowledge base on environmental change dynamics in Cox's Bazar district and provide insights for sustainable development initiatives in similar regions globally.
Basal Release of 6-cyanodopamine From Rat Isolated Vas Deferens and Its Role on the Vas Deferens Contractility
Authors: Pozzo Caroline Fernanda Sanches Dal , Junior Jose Eduardo Maldonado , Britto-Júnior José , Badin João Felipe Agostini , de Souza Valéria Barbosa , Schenka André Almeida , Peterson Larryn W. , Fregonesi Adriano , Antunes Edson , De Nucci Gilberto
Published: May 2024

6-Cyanodopamine is released from rabbit isolated heart. However, it is not known whether this novel catecholamine presents any biological activity. Here it was evaluated whether 6-cyanodopamine was released from rat isolated vas deferens and its effect on this tissue contractility. Basal release of 6-bromodopamine, 6-nitrodopa, 6-nitrodopamine, 6-cyanodopamine, and 6-nitroadrenaline from vas deferens were quantified by LC-MS/MS. Electric-field stimulation (EFS) and concentration-response curves to noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine of the rat isolated epididymal vas deferens (RIEVD) were performed in the absence and presence of 6-cyanodopamine. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and S100 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The rat isolated vas deferens release both 6-cyanodopamine and 6-nitrodopamine. Pre-incubation with tetrodotoxin, had no effect on the release of 6-cyanodopamine, but it virtually abolished 6-nitrodopamine release. 6-Cyanodopamine contracted RIEVD only at 1mM, but significantly potentiated the contractions induced by both noradrenaline and EFS at 1 nM. At 10 and 100 nM, 6-cyanodopamine also significantly potentiated the RIEVD contractions induced by adrenaline and dopamine. The potentiation of both noradrenaline and adrenaline contractions by 6-cyanodopamine was present in tetrodotoxin-pretreated tissues. Co-incubation of 6-cyanodopamine (100 pM) with 6-nitrodopamine (10 pM), caused significant leftward shifts and increased maximal responses of the concentration-response curves to noradrenaline, even in the presence of tetrodotoxin. Immunohistochemistry on RIEVD revealed the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase in both the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the mucosae and in the nerve fibers. The identification of epithelium-derived 6-cyanodpamine and its remarkable synergism with catecholamines indicate that epithelial cells may regulate the smooth muscle contractility.
Differential requirement of Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 in macrophages and neutrophils in the host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.
Authors: Nafiz Tanvir Noor , Sankar Poornima , Mishra Lokesh Kishore , Rousseau Robert P , Saqib Mohd , Subbian Selvakumar , Parihar Suraj P , Mishra Bibhuti B
Published: May 2024

Formyl peptide receptors (FPR), part of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily, are pivotal in directing phagocyte migration towards chemotactic signals from bacteria and host tissues. Although their roles in acute bacterial infections are well-documented, their involvement in immunity against tuberculosis (TB) remains unexplored. This study investigates the functions of Fpr1 and Fpr2 in defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB. Elevated levels of Fpr1 and Fpr2 were found in the lungs of mice, rabbits and peripheral blood of humans infected with Mtb, suggesting a crucial role in the immune response. The effects of Fpr1 and Fpr2 deletion on bacterial load, lung damage, and cellular inflammation were assessed using a TB model of hypervirulent strain of Mtb from the W-Beijing lineage. While Fpr2 deletion showed no impact on disease outcome, Fpr1-deficient mice demonstrated improved bacterial control, especially by macrophages. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from these Fpr1-/- mice exhibited an enhanced ability to contain bacterial growth over time. Contrarily, treating genetically susceptible mice with Fpr1-specific inhibitors caused impaired early bacterial control, corresponding with increased bacterial persistence in necrotic neutrophils. Furthermore, ex vivo assays revealed that Fpr1-/- neutrophils were unable to restrain Mtb growth, indicating a differential function of Fpr1 among myeloid cells. These findings highlight the distinct and complex roles of Fpr1 in myeloid cell-mediated immunity against Mtb infection, underscoring the need for further research into these mechanisms for a better understanding of TB immunity.
Involvement of CXCL12/CXCR4 in CB2 receptor agonist-attenuated morphine tolerance in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats with cancer pain
Authors: Liu Dandan , Zhang Mingyue , Xu Xiaohai , Zhong Xuelai , Ma Chao , Zheng Xiaoyu , Wu Xiaohong , Wang Guonian
Published: May 2024

While low-dose cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor agonists attenuate morphine tolerance in cancer pain models, chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)/chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression induces morphine tolerance. Whether CB2 receptor agonists attenuate morphine tolerance by modulating CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling or whether CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling affects the micro-opioid receptor (MOR) in the development of morphine tolerance in cancer pain remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the attenuation of morphine tolerance by a non-analgesic dose of the CB2 receptor agonist AM1241, focusing specifically on the modulation of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling and its effect on the MOR. Rats received intrathecal Walker 256 tumor cell implantations and were treated with morphine combined with the intrathecal injection of AM1241 or the CB2 receptor antagonists AM630 and AM1241, or a CXCL12-neutralizing antibody, exogenous CXCL12, or the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. Our results show that CXCL12 and CXCR4 levels increased significantly in morphine-tolerant rats and were reduced by AM1241 pretreatment, which was reversed by AM630. CXCL12/CXCR4 expression accelerated morphine-associated mechanical hyperalgesia and downregulated MOR expression. CXCR4 colocalized with MOR and CB2. Therefore, a non-analgesic dose of AM1241 attenuated morphine tolerance via CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling, whereas CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling participated in the development of morphine tolerance, potentially by modulating MOR expression in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats.
Urine Iodine Concentration Trends During Pregnancy in The North-Central Region of Nigeria: An Analysis
Authors: Gbaa Terry , Adebisi Simeon , Bolodeoku John , Dogoh Faeren , Gav Terna
Published: May 2024

Iodine deficiency poses significant risks during pregnancy, affecting maternal and foetal health. Thyroid hormones, which are vital for brain development, rely on iodine, and deficiencies can lead to conditions like hypothyroidism and goitre. Monitoring urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is crucial for assessing iodine status, especially in pregnancy, where iodine plays a pivotal role in neurodevelopment. This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled 250 pregnant women from various healthcare facilities in Makurdi, Nigeria, over nine months. urine and blood samples were analysed using the Sandell-Kolthof technique to measure UIC and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to test thyroid function. Statistical analysis employed SPSS 21. TSH levels in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters were 2.76 mIU/l, 1.53 mIU/l, and 3.50 mIU/l, respectively. UIC analysis in 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters (mean ± SD) were 192.02 ± 40.71, 185.49 ± 32.94, and 186.5 ± 435.35mIU/l respectively. UIC < 150 µg/L was 1.2%, 3.2% and 4.0% in 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters respectively. Thyroid hormone production fluctuations during pregnancy emphasise the importance of iodine sufficiency. Despite adequate iodine levels overall, notable percentages of participants exhibited insufficient UIC, especially in the third trimester. This underscores the need for continued monitoring and interventions to ensure optimal maternal and foetal health outcomes.
Double burden of Malnutrition among women in Reproductive Age (15-49 Years) in India: Evidence from National Family and Health Survey 2019-21 (NFHS-5)
Authors: Kumar Rishabh , Barik Soumen
Published: May 2024

Background: This study explores the double burden of underweight and overnourished among reproductive-aged women (15–49 years) in India, aiming to identify key predictors and inform targeted interventions.
Methods: Utilising data from a nationally representative sample of Indian women, we applied multivariate logistic regression models to calculate relative risk ratios (RRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioural predictors of nutritional status.
Results: Age significantly influences nutritional outcomes, women age group 20-24 had a higher risk of being underweight (RRR= 0.69 CI: 0.65-0.75) and the lower risk of being overnourished (RRR=1.63, CI: 1.48-1.79) conversely the women age group 45-49 have the lower risk of underweight (RRR=0.28, CI: 0.26-0.31) and higher risk of overnourished (RRR= 5.49 CI: 4.93-6.11). Residing in rural areas had a higher risk of being underweight (RRR=1.13, CI: 1.07-1.18) and a lower risk of being overnourished (RRR= 0.83 CI: 0.8-0.86). On considering zones of the country, the Southern region shows higher risk of being overnourished (RRR= 1.52, CI: 1.44-1.61) and Western region shows higher risk of being underweight (RRR= 1.61, CI 1.52-1.72) Women with a higher wealth quintile exhibited a higher risk of overnourished (RRR=3.46, CI: 3.19-3.75) and women with a poorer section have higher risk of underweight. Higher education level shows lesser risk of being underweight (RRR=0.67, CI: 0.62-0.72). In the social group, ST has a lower risk of being overnourished (RRR= 0.68, CI: 63-0.74). Smoking increased the risk of being underweight (RRR=1.31, CI: 1.15-1.50), while alcohol consumption was associated with a lower likelihood of being overnourished.
Conclusion: The study highlights the determinants of malnutrition among Indian women, emphasizing the need for targeted, age-specific, and region-specific interventions. Comprehensive nutrition education and policy reforms addressing socioeconomic disparities are crucial for mitigating India's double burden of malnutrition.
Development and validation of environmental DNA assays for the detection of endangered and threatened freshwater mussels
Authors: Waits Eric R , Smith Lucas M , Patnode Kathleen , Clayton Janet , McGregor Monte A , Bergdale Amy
Published: May 2024

Here we describe the development and validation of quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for the detection of North American unionid species of conservation concern and evaluate sampling methodologies that may influence the detection of these species via environmental DNA (eDNA). Taqman® assays were developed for the Federally-endangered Northern Riffleshell (Epioblasma rangiana), Snuffbox (Epioblasma triquetra), and the critically-imperiled Brook Floater (Alasmidonta varicosa). Primer and probe sets were tested for specificity against DNA from 74 Unionidae, including co-occurring species. In vitro tests consistently detected focal species at environmentally-relevant concentrations. No cross-amplifications were detected in non-target species for any of the eDNA assays confirming species specificity. The utility of each qPCR assay was evaluated against eDNA samples collected from streams across the Mid-Atlantic United States where target species’ presence or absence is documented. The assays successfully detected each focal species when present and no eDNA detections were observed when species were absent. Based on occupancy modeling, detection rates for each of the assays are greater than 95% when the appropriate level of effort is applied. The eDNA assays presented herein provide an efficient and non-invasive means to inventory and monitor rare freshwater mussel species and can be used to guide more localized traditional monitoring efforts.
Population Genomics of Tetraopes texanus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Franzem Thomas P. , Bucholz Jamie R. , Lozier Jeffrey D. , Ferguson Paige F.B.
Published: May 2024

Specialist insects are especially susceptible to loss of genetic diversity in the face of habitat destruction and fragmentation. Implementing effective conservation practices for specialist insects will benefit from knowledge of population structure and genetic diversity. Due to the high diversity of insects, it is not feasible to gain inference as to the population structure of all species within the insect community, even when focusing on insects within a particular habitat type. Thus, identifying general trends by focusing on one or a few species specialized to a particular habitat type is necessary. We investigate the range-wide population genetics of Tetraopes texanus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), which provides a useful model of grassland insects due to its’ habitat specificity, limited dispersal range, and unique biology. Tetraopes texanus occurs primarily in Texas and Oklahoma, but also occurs in Black Belt prairies of Mississippi and Alabama. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (RAD-seq) analysis identified two distinct population clusters of T. texanus corresponding to the Texas and Oklahoma population and the Mississippi and Alabama population. Demographic models indicate ongoing, though incomplete, isolation of the two populations, with estimated dates of divergence in the mid-Pleistocene, coinciding with the end of a glacial period and a shift in glacial interval.
SWEMniCS - A Software Toolbox for Modeling Coastal Ocean Circulation, Storm Surges, Inland, and Compound Flooding
Authors: Dawson Clint , Loveland Mark , Pachev Benjamin , Valseth Eirik , Proft Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Flooding from storm surges, rainfall runoff, as well as their interaction into compounding events are major natural hazards in coastal regions. To assess risks of damages to human life and properties alike, accurate and flexible numerical models are needed to guide emergency responses as well as long-term risk assessments. High-fidelity numerical models, such as the ADvanced-CIRCulation (ADCIRC) model have over many decades shown their usefulness and promise to perform exactly such assessments. However, these models have a relative high threshold in terms of new user engagement as development and compilation is not trivial for users and programmers trained in compiled programming languages, such as Python or Julia.
In this work, we develop a new open-source finite element solver for numerical simulation of coastal, fluvial, and pluvial flooding. The numerical solution procedure of the underlying partial differential equations is developed based on a Python package for FE methods - FEniCSx and uses finite difference schemes to perform temporal discretizations. The goal is to provide a lean framework where new methods and techniques can be rapidly tested for appropriate applications before the cumbersome development into codes such as ADCIRC are undertaken.
We demonstrate an validate the developed framework on common shallow water test cases, as well as large-scale computations in the Gulf of Mexico for Hurricane Ike (2008).
Diel activity of insectivorous bats in response to land-use change in São Tomé Island, Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Araújo-Fernandes Ana Catarina , Castro-Fernandes Ana Sofia , Guedes Patrícia , Cassari José , Mata Vanessa Alves , Yoh Natalie , Rocha Ricardo , Palmeirim Ana Filipa
Published: May 2024

Land-use change poses a significant threat to biodiversity, particularly in insular ecosystems where species exhibit higher levels of specialisation. Despite the importance of tropical islands for biodiversity conservation, the impacts of land-use change on the diel activity of insular species remain poorly understood. We addressed this gap by investigating the diel activity patterns of insectivorous bats in response to land-use change in São Tomé Island, Central West Africa. Using passive acoustic detectors, we surveyed insectivorous bats across forests, shaded plantations, oil palm plantations, agricultural and urban areas. We examined (1) how intraspecific diel activity varies between forest and human-altered land-use types, and (2) how interspecific diel activity varies within the same land-use type, by quantifying overlap coefficients in species activity. Based on 19,383 bat passes from four species, we found that the degree of overlap in species-specific activity between forests and human-altered land-use types varied between species, with the least overlap being observed between forests and urban areas for Miniopterus newtoni, and between forests and oil palm plantations for Chaerephon spp.. Overlap in the activity of different species was lower within less or not disturbed land-use types (forests and shaded plantations), where more species were present. Overall, diel activity of insectivorous bats altered according to the magnitude of structural land-use change. Such bat responses might be eventually due to the different temporal prey availability and interspecific competition in the altered land-use types. These findings comprise baseline knowledge informing evidence-based management actions across tropical island systems.
Mycological Analysis of Spoilt Colocassia Escukenta Obtained From Selected Markets (Kawo and Bakindogo) Within Kaduna Metropolis
Authors: Uthman Abdulgafar Ishola , Rashidat Muhammed
Published: May 2024

Background: Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) is a staple food crop in many regions, but it is highly susceptible to spoilage caused by fungal pathogens. This study aimed to identify the fungal organisms associated with rot in cocoyam corms purchased from Kawo and Bakindogo markets in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Understanding the fungal species involved and their impact on cocoyam can help develop better storage and handling practices to improve food safety.
Results: Spoiled cocoyam corms were examined, and tissues were aseptically cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. The isolated fungi were purified and identified through macroscopic and microscopic analyses using the slide culture technique. The fungi identified included Aspergillus spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp., and Fusarium spp. Notably, Rhizopus, Mucor, and Fusarium species caused extensive tissue maceration. These pathogens likely infiltrated the cocoyam corms via air, wounds, harvesting tools, and pests.
Conclusions: The study identified several fungal pathogens responsible for cocoyam spoilage, with Rhizopus, Mucor, and Fusarium species causing significant damage. Proper handling and storage of cocoyam corms are crucial to prevent contamination and subsequent spoilage. Additionally, some of these fungi produce mycotoxins, posing health risks to humans and animals. Implementing better agricultural and storage practices can mitigate these risks and enhance cocoyam shelf life and safety.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Program Acharya Technique on Reduction of Back Pain Among It Professionals in Selected It Company, Delhi NCR
Authors: kuriyal Samiksha
Published: May 2024

Background
Back pain is the most widely recognized medical consultation in all nations. One of the most common causes of disability worldwide is back pain. It can occur for several reasons that are not always connected to an underlying illness. Overusing muscles from heavy lifting or excessive exercise, extended sitting or lying down, sleeping in an awkward position, or wearing an improperly fitting backpack are some typical causes of back discomfort.
Aims
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for back pain among industrial workers.
Materials and Methods
An experimental study was conducted among industrial workers seeking back pain at an IT Company in Delhi. Demographic data were collected through a self-structured questionnaire. The level of pain was assessed by using the Functional Rating Index. The data were analyzed by using inferential statistics.
Results
The findings of the study revealed that the mean severity of test back pain in the experimental group was 3.36, and the mean prevalence of test back pain was 8.76. This findings suggested that there was a significant improvement in back pain in the experimental group (tcal= 23.407), p < 0.05.
Conclusions
The present study concluded that the Acharya technique was highly beneficial for improving back pain among industrial workers.
“Away from the lungs”: A case report of extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Piekarska Julia , Niewrzał Patrycja , Czupryna Piotr , Adamczuk Justyna , Zajkowska Joanna , Moniuszko-Malinowska Anna
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To report a case of primary extrapulmonary tuberculosis in immunocompetent.
Method: Retrospective observational case report.
Results: A 68- year old female presented in a clinic with cervical lymphadenopathy with a suppurative fistula which she has had since April of 2023.
During an examination before admission to a clinic on the neck in the right area under the clavicle was a fistula from which sipped a little secretion. In addition, this area was also edematous and painful. In differential diagnosis cat scratch disease has been ruled out. The lab tests showed slightly elevated inflammatory parameters and anemia. The ultrasonography of the neck’s lymph nodes showed multiple lymph nodes which looked like Mts. Indicators of a tumor were negative. Actinomycosis and tularemia were excluded. No oxygenic or anaerobic bacteria was grown in the samples drawn from the nodes. The PCR was positive for DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis but acid-fast mycobacteria didn’t grow in samples drawn from fistula. Although the QFT-Plus test was positive and pathomorphology test proved the existence of MTB. Patient was treated with antituberculosis drugs with clinical improvement.
Conclusion: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis still occurs in society. It can be difficult to diagnose if there isn’t any source of infection in the lungs.
The influence of bottle shape on the formation of the equilibrium state of sparkling wine
Authors: Taranenko Vlada
Published: May 2024

Foaming and sparkling properties are the main indicators in the evaluation of sparkling wine. Taking into account the morphological type of the bottle, it is possible to assume the production technology of sparkling wine. Sparkling wines produced by classical technology are traditionally bottled in champagne type bottles. When sparkling wine is aged in such bottles, the amount of dissolved CO2 is observed to be conserved due to the preservation of pressure. It was found that in bottles whose shape is radically different from the classic bottle, there is a decrease in pressure and deterioration of the foaming index. It was found that the surfactants formed during secondary fermentation are found to be in lower quantity in the non-standard Monroe bottle and experience thermodynamic disequilibrium, which is explained by the fact that the total volume of molecules of biochemical nature is smaller than the volume of the vessel and, consequently, the average distance between molecules is much larger than the size of the molecules themselves.
Pregnancy and Childbirth: Experiences of Primiparous Women From Selected Hospitals in Tamale
Authors: Rita Yabang , Abdul-Rahim Mumuni
Published: May 2024

This study was an exploratory descriptive study which sought to explore on the experiences of primiparous mothers regarding the support they received and the challenges they faced during pregnancy, delivery and post-delivery. This study used a purposive sampling to sample 17 participants (primiparous mothers) from three selected hospitals within Tamale metropolis in the Northern region of Ghana. These mothers were interviewed on the phenomenon under study using a semi-structured interview guide which was developed by the investigators and in line with the The study revealed two main themes with six sub-themes; thus, three sub-themes under each theme. Most of the participants expressed various forms of support they received such as physical, emotional, medical etc. however, they also expressed some challenges they faced during this period which included; physical, financial, and social and transportation challenges which affected them in one way or the other. The study revealed that, supportive care during pregnancy, labour and post-delivery among primiparous mothers is very crucial because it makes them feel at home which leads to quality childcare and motherhood. Furthermore, this study highlights the challenges these women faced as first-time mothers which deprived them from accessing quality health care services, having problems with child growth and motherhood
Governance of carbon dioxide removal (CDR): an AI-enhanced systematic map of the scientific literature
Authors: Lück Sarah , Mohn Anna , Lamb William F.
Published: May 2024

For limiting global warming to well below 2°C rapid and stringent GHG emissions reductions are required. In addition, we also need to actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere via carbon dioxide removal (CDR). This will require advances in policymaking and governance to incentivise, coordinate and regulate CDR, including strict monitoring to ensure durable, additional removals that do not compete with emission reduction efforts. While it is critical to learn from the existing evidence on CDR policy and governance, there is no overview of this dispersed body of literature right now. IPCC and other science assessments have therefore treated the subject very selectively. This work addresses this lack of overview by systematically mapping the literature assessing policy and governance dimensions of CDR. Systematic mapping provides a comprehensive view of a research field by analysing the state of evidence, i.e. how much research is available at any point in time on which topics and geographies studied by whom, when and where. We use an AI-enhanced approach to systematic mapping, trimming down an initial set of about 30,000 documents on CDR to a set of 876 that deal with governance and policy issues. Our findings show sharply growing attention to CDR policies and governance issues over time, but with limited coverage of the Global South. Long established conventional CDR methods such as afforestation dominate the literature - particularly in ex-post studies - with little coverage of many novel CDR methods, such as biochar or direct air carbon capture and storage. We observe a shift from an initial discussion on CDR in international agreements towards the planning and implementation phase of national and sub-national policies. Our map can help to inform upcoming science assessments with critical information around CDR policies and governance and might serve as a starting point for generating a rigorous knowledge base on the topic in the future.
Associated Factors to Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetics at a Peruvian Northern Hospital
Authors: Vilela-Farfán Jordan Pierre Alexander , Rodriguez-Saldaña Christian Alberto , Fiestas-Cordova Jessenia , Vilela-Estrada Martín A. , Serna-Alarcón Victor , Juárez-Lloclla Jorge Paul
Published: May 2024

Studies have demonstrated that patients with diabetes mellitus have higher risk of developing Atrial Fibrillation compared to those without Diabetes Mellitus. The aim of this research was to identify the factors associated with AF in diabetic patients in Piura, Peru. A cross-sectional study included diabetic patients over 18 years old, treated in the internal medicine department for hospitalization, emergencies, and referrals. Conducted at a Hospital, located in Piura in northern Peru. A frequency of 50.36% of diabetic patients with AF was determined. For the adjusted model, age, alcoholism, and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels were considered for inclusion, in addition to gender due to biological reasoning to suspect an association with AF. Only age (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR): 0.97; 95% CI: 0.968-0.987; p-value < 0.001) and alcoholism (aPR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.132-1.835; p-value = 0.003) were found as associated factors. Being younger and having alcoholism were significantly associated with the onset of atrial fibrillation in diabetic patients.
Robot Visual Place Recognition Method Based on Scan-Descriptors and Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Liu Yu , YE Minying , Zhao Jinwei , Jin Yongze , Shangguan Anqi , Liang Jonathan Tay Yu
Published: May 2024

Visual place recognition using 3D lidar in robotics is a popular research topic. Feature representation descriptors, such as scan-context descriptors, which are 2D descriptors obtained from 3D point clouds, are one of the research directions with great in-depth research value. This paper proposes a new method to improve the robot visual place recognition method based on scan-context descriptors. Our approach focuses on using a combination of loss functions and optimizers to improve the accuracy and robustness of the recognition system. Specifically, we introduce a custom loss function that encourages the network to learn more discriminative features and a Heun optimizer that enables faster and more stable convergence during training.
To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we conduct experiments on the NCLT benchmark dataset. The results show that our method outperforms some existing methods in terms of recognition accuracy and computational efficiency.
Our proposed method provides a promising solution for improving robot place recognition, which has significant implications for a wide range of robotic applications, including autonomous navigation, mapping, and localization.
Efeito do arranjo espacial e do genótipo sobre a idade técnica de corte de eucalipto
Authors: Cacau Filipe Valadão do Prado , Urbano Edilson , Oliveira Isabeli Moraes de , Falcão Karina dos Santos
Published: May 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do arranjo espacial e do genótipo sobre a produção e idade técnica de corte de clones de eucalipto no município de Aquidauana - MS. Os clones híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla (I-144) e Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis (1277) foram estabelecidos nos arranjos espaciais de 3,00 x 3,00 m e 3,00 x 1,80 + 9,00 m. O diâmetro (dap) e a altura total (Ht) foram mensuradas entre 6 e 84 meses, em 12 parcelas permanentes. As variáveis do povoamento foram estimadas pelo modelo de Gompertz. Aos 7 anos de idade, o volume individual (Vi) foi maior para o clone I-144 no arranjo espacial 3,00 x 3,00 m. A redução da distância entre árvores na linha de plantio (3,00 x 1,80 + 9,00 m), resultou em Vi menores em relação ao arranjo 3,00 x 3,00 m, ambos com 9 m² árvore-1. O clone I-144 no arranjo 3,0 x 1,8 + 9,0 m, apresentou o maior incremento médio anual na idade técnica de corte. A idade técnica de corte (ITC) variou entre 41 e 45 meses, sendo observada uma tendência de maior idade de corte para o arranjo 3,0 x 1,8 + 9,0 m, independente do genótipo.
The Thin Line between Promiscuous and Privileged Structures in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Bibiano Thayná , Tolomeu Heber Victor , Pinheiro Pedro , Fraga Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2024

The concept of privileged structures in medicinal chemistry refers to commonly found substructures in approved drugs and lead small molecules, presenting a broad profile of pharmacological action, i.e., participating in the recognition by several classes of pharmacological targets or by modulating physicochemical properties. Privileged structures are also related to nontoxic effects, which make their use in the design of new drug candidates very attractive. In contrast, another concept also refers to structures or substructures capable of presenting a pleiotropic profile for several pharmacological targets, referred to as promiscuous compounds. Worth mentioning, more recently, a great majority of promiscuous compounds have been classified as Pan Assay Interference Compounds (PAINS). In its great majority, PAINS are electrophilic in nature, capable of covalently reacting indiscriminately with several pharmacological targets, and are associated with specific substructures, which are, in turn, used as an exclusion filter during screening campaigns. This work aims to critically discuss the thin line that separates the two concepts, clarifying their differences from a molecular and pharmacological point of view. Moreover, special considerations regarding PAINS and exclusion filters will be made.
Lead-Free Halide Double Perovskites Nanomaterials: Fundamentals, Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Ferreira Igor , Magalhães Letícia , Carvalho Thaís , Schiavon Marco
Published: May 2024

Lead-free halide double perovskites with the formula A2BI BIIIX6, and ordered vacancy perovskites, with the general formula A2BIVX6 have recently emerged as alternative materials for advancements in lead-halide perovskites. While the main obstacles to the development of lead-halide perovskites are the use of lead and the instability of the structure, halide double perovskites allow multiple metal combinations resulting from the replacement of the lead in single perovskites by two metal-complexes or alternating vacancy metal-complexes in their crystalline structure. Although many advances have already been made in lead-free halide double perovskites, there are still some challenges to be overcome, such as the indirect and high bandgap, and the transitions prohibited by parity, which are intrinsic features of their electronic structure, and result in low energy conversion efficiency and photoluminescence quantum yields as well. Emphasizing the need to review the results of the literature so far, considering the advances and challenges presented, this work involves a systematic and embracing bibliographical research on lead-free halide double perovskites, encompassing central aspects such as their historical evolution, crystalline structure, synthesis methods, challenges faced in the field, optoelectronic properties and perspectives for the development and application of these materials.
Projected effects of climate change in precipitation and streamflows of the Upper Orinoco River Basin from global and regional climate models
Authors: Salas Hernán D. , Builes-Jaramillo Alejandro , Florian Carolina , Valencia Juliana , Tamayo Yesid , Bermúdez Mariana , Rodríguez Melissa , Echeverri Katherine
Published: May 2024

We studied the projections of streamflows under climate change scenarios in the Upper Orinoco River Basin by using precipitation from 15 global and regional climate models for the period 2020–2099. For this purpose, we calibrated and validated a hydrological model with a very good performance. Our results show that both precipitation and streamflow have a significant reduction for the RCP8.5 scenario that ranges from 5 and 7% in relation to the long-term means at the end of the century. The changes in both variables are not significant for the RCP2.6 scenario. Moreover, we compute several indicators of change in the streamflow to quantify alterations in high-, mid-, and low-range flows. Our results suggest that the main alterations for the future runoff would be evidenced in the mid-range and low flows, which could increase around ∼5 and ∼25%, respectively. These alterations could lead to changes in the hydrological, environmental, and ecological balance of the basin. This work provides information regarding the possible effects of climate change on the streamflow of one of the most important river basins of northern South America, which is pivotal for supporting future decision-making on water supply for social, environmental, and productive sectors.
Professores contra a civilização ocidental: as retóricas das novas direitas sobre a dominação das esquerdas nas universidades dos EUA
Authors: Dias de Souza Marco Aurélio , De Jesus Oliveira Camila
Published: May 2024

A nova direita estadunidense defende que a educação contemporânea está em crise devido à dominação esquerdista. A partir da perspectiva de Albert Hirschman, o artigo identifica três teses reacionárias que são mobilizadas contra a educação contemporânea, sendo elas: a negação do outro; a falta de pluralismo; e a perseguição. O presente artigo, então, analisa a produção de David Horowitz, um dos principais intelectuais da nova direita estadunidense, para ilustrar essas teses. As observações indicam que as teses reacionárias sobre a educação são importantes para compreender a atuação da nova direita no campo educacional. Essas teses são mobilizadas para legitimar o ataque à educação pública e à diversidade, e para promover uma educação conservadora.
Research Progress on Podocyte Pyroptosis in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Zhu Rong , Bai Xue , Xu Chengyi , Qi Wenyi , Luo Ping , Wu Man , Luo Manyu
Published: May 2024

Pyroptosis is a recently discovered type of lytic-programmed cell necrosis.
The process involves cells assembling an inflammasome and cleaving gasdermin (GSDM)
to trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that eventually induce inflammatory
cell death. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication of diabetes
mellitus, which leads to end-stage renal disease. Podocyte damage or loss is an important
feature of diabetic kidney injury. Pyroptosis involvement in podocyte injury is closely
associated with DN progression, manifesting as increased renal fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis,
and tubular injury. The study aims to elucidate the mechanism of pyroptosis
and summarize the pathways and potential inhibitors related to pyroptosis activation in
DN podocytes. We undertook a search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research
literature on various aspects of pyroptosis. Multiple different pathways mediate
podocyte pyroptosis to promote DN progression. Inhibition of pyroptosis can reduce podocyte
damage and improve renal function in DN, suggesting that pyroptosis may help
identify potential new therapeutic targets for DN treatment.
Examination of Tumor-related Biomarkers in Women with Breast Cancer Referred to Naft Hospital of Ahvaz, Southwest Iran
Authors: Dehghan Bahram , Ace Ali Asghar , Shamsaei Mehdi , Fatahi Ladan , Saeidimehr Saeid , Alinezhadi Mastaneh , Moulaei Birgani Pouran , Omidi Khaniabadi Yousef , Kazemi Forough
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Breast cancer is acknowledged as the most prevalent form of cancer in
women. The aim of the present study was to examine tumor-related biomarkers such as ER, PR,
HER2/neu, P53, Ki-67, CEA, CA-125, and CA 15-3 in women with breast cancer referred to Naft
Hospital of Ahvaz, southwest Iran.

Methods:

This research was a cross-sectional investigation. A total of 100 Iranian women patients
were selected who were diagnosed with breast cancer tumors (stage 3). All tumor markers like CEA,
CA 15-3, and CA-125 were determined using a chemiluminescent instrument. In addition, the immunohistochemical
technique was used to analyze the expression of ER, PR, HER/neu, Ki-67 antigen,
and P53 protein.

Results:

The mean of patients' age was 48.53 ± 9.57 years. ER accounted for the highest frequency
(73, or 73%) out of 100 cases. There were 69 (69%), 55 (55%), and 53 (53%) positive cases for PR,
HER2/neu, and P53, respectively. The chi-square analysis revealed a significant difference for
HER2/neu and P53 biomarkers (p = 0.027). The odds ratio was 2.625 [95% CI: (1.167-5.906)], and
the positive correlation between them was 0.236 (p = 0.018). Moreover, a significant difference was
found for ER and PR biomarkers (p < 0.0001), and the odds ratio was 18.25 [95% CI: (7.039-
47.319)]. There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.908, p < 0.0001) between ER and PR. A
remarkable positive correlation (r = 0.256, p = 0.010) was also observed between CEA and CA 15-3
biomarkers.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicated that the highest frequency of tumor-associated biomarkers was
ER, and there was a positive correlation between ER and PR, HER2/neu, and P53, as well as CEA
and CA 15-3.
Study on the Mechanism of Action of the Traditional Chinese Medical Prescription Gushukang in Treating Osteoporosis Based on Network
Pharmacology and Experimental Verification
Authors: Wang Shujun , Zhu Shaowen , Li Xincheng , Yang Zhao
Published: May 2024

Background:

Gushukang (GSK), a traditional Chinese medical prescription, has
made a great and extensive contribution to the treatment of different forms of osteoporosis, but
polypharmacology studies of its mechanism of action are lacking. This study investigates
the pharmacological mechanism of osteoporosis using network pharmacology and molecular
docking. Experimental verification was carried out to confirm the efficacy of GSK on RANKLinduced
osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells to verify the network pharmacology
studies.

Methods:

The effective chemical components and corresponding targets of osteoporosis
with oral bioavailability of more than 30% and drug-like properties greater than 0.18 were
searched in the TCMSP and TCM-ID databases. DrugBank, GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, and
other databases were examined for targets related to osteoporosis. Using Cytoscape software,
a network of possible TCM-active ingredient-osteoporosis targets was created. STRING
software was used to create the networks of protein-protein interactions. The DAVID
program was carried out to conduct GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the
targets. Molecular docking and pattern of action analysis were carried out using software
like AutoDock Vina and Discovery Studio Visualizer. The growth media for RAW264.7
cells contained varying doses of GSK serum and 50 ng/mL RANKL. The activity of TRAP
was altered. Additionally, genes related to osteoclasts were examined using an RT-PCR
assay.

Results:

Network pharmacological analysis revealed that the primary efficacy targets of osteoporosis
were PTGS2, PTGS1, HSP90AA1, NCOA2, ADRB2, ESR1, NCOA1, and AR. The
pharmacological targets of osteoporosis may be mediated by substances including quercetin,
kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, icariin, anthocyanin, tanshinone IIA, and cryptotanshinone.
GSK markedly inhibited RANKL-induced TRAP activity. qRT-PCR results revealed decreased
expression of the PTGS2 and ADRB2 genes upon GSK treatment.

Conclusion:

The findings of network pharmacology, molecular docking, as well as experimental
verification provide a new further study for elucidating the pharmacodynamic substance
basis and polypharmacology mechanism of GSK in treating osteoporosis.
Moscatilin Reverses EMT Progression and its Resulting Enhanced Invasion and
Migration by Affecting the TGF-β Signaling Pathway in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Li Zhihao , Yang Jin , Chen Lin , Chen Pei , Liu Chenhuan , Long Xiaoming , Chen Bo , Long Jun
Published: May 2024

Background:

Bladder cancer metastasis is an essential process in the progression of muscle-invasive
bladder cancer. EMT plays a crucial role in facilitating the spread of cancer cells. Identifying compounds that can
inhibit these abilities of cancer cells is a significant international endeavor.

Objective:

To explore the migration and invasion effect of Moscatilin on the bladder and clarify the mechanism
of action

Methods:

The anti-bladder cancer effect of Moscatilin was observed by a cell proliferation experiment. The migration
and invasion of bladder cancer cells inhibited by Moscatilin were detected by Transwell and Wound healing.
The effects of Moscatilin on EMT-related proteins E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail1, Vimentin, and TGF-β
signaling pathways were detected by Western blot, and nucleic acid levels were verified by qPCR.

Results:

Our study revealed that Moscatilin reduced the viability of bladder cancer cells in vitro and impeded
their migration and invasion in experimental settings. Furthermore, we observed that Moscatilin decreased the
activation levels of active proteins, specifically Smad3, Samd2, and MMP2. Additionally, we found that moscatilin
significantly reduced the expression level of TGF-β and was also capable of reversing the overexpression
effect of TGF-β. Treatment with Moscatilin also led to significant inhibition of interstitial cell markers Ncadherin
and Snail1, which are associated with EMT.

Conclusion:

These findings indicate that Moscatilin impedes the migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells
by influencing cell survival, modulating TGF-β/Smad signaling, and inhibiting EMT.