bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Publisher Correction: Cell morphology maintenance in Bacillus subtilis through balanced peptidoglycan synthesis and hydrolysis
Authors: Sassine Jad , Sousa Joana , Lalk Michael , Daniel Richard A. , Vollmer Waldemar
Published: March 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Compatibility of endoclips in the gastrointestinal tract with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Shin Dong Yeol , Park Sumi , Kim Ain , Kim Eung-Sam , Jeon Han Ho
Published: March 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Corticosteroid responsiveness in patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease admitted to the emergency department
Authors: Jang Hye Jin , Yong Seung Hyun , Leem Ah Young , Lee Su Hwan , Kim Song Yee , Lee Sang Hoon , Kim Eun Young , Chung Kyung Soo , Jung Ji Ye , Kang Young Ae , Kim Young Sam , Chang Joon , Park Moo Suk
Published: March 2021

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), has a poor prognosis. Corticosteroids are widely used in the treatment of acute exacerbation of ILD (AE-ILD). This study aimed to clarify the causes of AE-ILD, determine the efficacy of corticosteroids for treating AE-ILD, and detect differences in the mortality rate among subgroups of ILD. This was an observational retrospective single-center study. Patients with ILD who presented to the emergency department with acute respiratory symptoms from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, were included. Patients with AE-ILD were classified into two groups depending on the prednisolone dose: low dose (0 to 1.0 mg/kg) or high dose (> 1.0 mg/kg). Mortality rates between patients with and without IPF were compared. This study included 182 patients with AE-ILD, including IPF (n = 117) and non-IPF (n = 65). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that corticosteroid dose (HR: 0.221, CI: 0.102–0.408, P < 0.001), initial P/F ratio (HR:0.995, CI:0.992–0.999, P = 0.006), and mechanical ventilation within 3 days of hospitalization (HR:4.205, CI:2.059–8.589, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for mortality in patients with AE-ILD. This study showed that outcomes improve with higher doses of corticosteroids (> 1 mg/kg prednisolone) in patients with AE-non-IPF-ILD. However, this was not the case in patients with AE-IPF.
A hierarchical deep learning approach with transparency and interpretability based on small samples for glaucoma diagnosis
Authors: Xu Yongli , Hu Man , Liu Hanruo , Yang Hao , Wang Huaizhou , Lu Shuai , Liang Tianwei , Li Xiaoxing , Xu Mai , Li Liu , Li Huiqi , Ji Xin , Wang Zhijun , Li Li , Weinreb Robert N. , Wang Ningli
Published: March 2021

The application of deep learning algorithms for medical diagnosis in the real world faces challenges with transparency and interpretability. The labeling of large-scale samples leads to costly investment in developing deep learning algorithms. The application of human prior knowledge is an effective way to solve these problems. Previously, we developed a deep learning system for glaucoma diagnosis based on a large number of samples that had high sensitivity and specificity. However, it is a black box and the specific analytic methods cannot be elucidated. Here, we establish a hierarchical deep learning system based on a small number of samples that comprehensively simulates the diagnostic thinking of human experts. This system can extract the anatomical characteristics of the fundus images, including the optic disc, optic cup, and appearance of the retinal nerve fiber layer to realize automatic diagnosis of glaucoma. In addition, this system is transparent and interpretable, and the intermediate process of prediction can be visualized. Applying this system to three validation datasets of fundus images, we demonstrate performance comparable to that of human experts in diagnosing glaucoma. Moreover, it markedly improves the diagnostic accuracy of ophthalmologists. This system may expedite the screening and diagnosis of glaucoma, resulting in improved clinical outcomes.
Dmrt2 promotes transition of endochondral bone formation by linking Sox9 and Runx2
Authors: Ono Koichiro , Hata Kenji , Nakamura Eriko , Ishihara Shota , Kobayashi Sachi , Nakanishi Masako , Yoshida Michiko , Takahata Yoshifumi , Murakami Tomohiko , Takenoshita Seiichi , Komori Toshihisa , Nishimura Riko , Yoneda Toshiyuki
Published: March 2021

Endochondral bone formation is fundamental for skeletal development. During this process, chondrocytes undergo multiple steps of differentiation and coordinated transition from a proliferating to a hypertrophic stage, which is critical to advance skeletal development. Here, we identified the transcription factor Dmrt2 (double-sex and mab-3 related transcription factor 2) as a Sox9-inducible gene that promotes chondrocyte hypertrophy in pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes. Epigenetic analysis further demonstrated that Sox9 regulates Dmrt2 expression through an active enhancer located 18 kb upstream of the Dmrt2 gene and that this enhancer’s chromatin status is progressively activated through chondrocyte differentiation. Dmrt2-knockout mice exhibited a dwarf phenotype with delayed initiation of chondrocyte hypertrophy. Dmrt2 augmented hypertrophic chondrocyte gene expression including Ihh through physical and functional interaction with Runx2. Furthermore, Dmrt2 deficiency reduced Runx2-dependent Ihh expression. Our findings suggest that Dmrt2 is critical for sequential chondrocyte differentiation during endochondral bone formation and coordinates the transcriptional network between Sox9 and Runx2.
Dynamic nanoimaging of extended objects via hard X-ray multiple-shot coherent diffraction with projection illumination optics
Authors: Takayama Yuki , Fukuda Keizo , Kawashima Motoki , Aoi Yuki , Shigematsu Daiki , Akada Tatsuki , Ikeda Takumi , Kagoshima Yasushi
Published: March 2021

The quest for understanding the structural mechanisms of material properties and biological cell functions has led to the active development of coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) and its variants in the hard X-ray regime. Herein, we propose multiple-shot CDI, a full-field CDI technique dedicated to the visualisation of local nanostructural dynamics in extended objects at a spatio-temporal resolution beyond that of current instrumentation limitations. Multiple-shot CDI reconstructs a “movie” of local dynamics from time-evolving diffraction patterns, which is compatible with a robust scanning variant, ptychography. We developed projection illumination optics to produce a probe with a well-defined illumination area and a phase retrieval algorithm, establishing a spatio-temporal smoothness constraint for the reliable reconstruction of dynamic images. The numerical simulations and proof-of-concept experiment using synchrotron hard X-rays demonstrated the capability of visualising a dynamic nanostructured object at a frame rate of 10 Hz or higher.
Publisher Correction: Country-level conditions like prosperity, democracy, and regulatory culture predict individual climate change belief
Authors: Levi Sebastian
Published: March 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00134-6
Preparation and characterization of Pd supported on 5-carboxyoxindole functionalized cell@Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a novel magnetic catalyst for the Heck reaction
Authors: Mohammadnia Majid , Poormirzaei Nazanin
Published: March 2021

Pd supported on 5-carboxyoxindole functionalized cell@Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Pd@CAI@cell@Fe3O4), a new magnetic nanocatalyst, was prepared and characterized.
Cell cycle arrest of human bronchial epithelial cells modulated by differences in chemical components of particulate matter
Authors: Yang Zheng , Liu Qingyang , Liu Yanju , Qi Xuekui , Wang Xinxin
Published: March 2021

There is increasing interest in understanding the role of airborne chemical components in modulating the cell cycle of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells that is associated with burden of cardiopulmonary disease.
Shear modulus and yield stress of foams: contribution of interfacial elasticity
Authors: Völp Annika R. , Willenbacher Norbert
Published: March 2021

A general correlation of foam shear modulus G0 and yield stress τy with the interfacial elastic modulus of foaming solutions in shear and dilation E∞ was found for surfactant, block-copolymer, protein, food, and particle-stabilized foams.
Scalable ultrarobust thermoconductive nonflammable bioinspired papers of graphene nanoplatelet crosslinked aramid nanofibers for thermal management and electromagnetic shielding
Authors: Vu Minh Canh , Park Pyeong Jun , Bae Sa-Rang , Kim Soo Young , Kang Young-Min , Choi Won Kook , Islam Md Akhtarul , Won Jong Chan , Park Manbok , Kim Sung-Ryong
Published: March 2021

Graphene nanoplatelets are chemically crosslinked to aramid nanofibers through a phosphorus trimer to fabricate ultratough, thermoconductive, flame retardant, and EMI shielding films.
High energy storage density with high power density in Bi0.2Sr0.7TiO3/BiFeO3multilayer thin films
Authors: Song Baijie , Zhu Kun , Yan Hao , Xu Liuxue , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei
Published: March 2021

A novel Bi0.2Sr0.7TiO3/BiFeO3thin film prepared by sol–gel/spin coating possesses ultrahigh energy storage density, good thermal stability and excellent charge-discharge performance.
Recent advances in room temperature phosphorescent carbon dots: preparation, mechanism, and applications
Authors: Wei Xuyang , Yang Jinwen , Hu Lingling , Cao Yuan , Lai Jie , Cao Feifei , Gu Jiangjiang , Cao Xiufang
Published: March 2021

This review summarizes recent developments in room temperature phosphorescent carbon dots, including their preparation strategies, luminous mechanism, and applications.
Correction: Recent advances in bioanalytical methods to measure proteome stability in cells
Authors: Zhang Shouxiang , Greening David W. , Hong Yuning
Published: March 2021

Correction for ‘Recent advances in bioanalytical methods to measure proteome stability in cells’ by Shouxiang Zhang et al., Analyst, 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d0an01547d.
Correction: Growing a backbone – functional biomaterials and structures for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair and regeneration: challenges, innovations, and future directions
Authors: Harmon Matthew D. , Ramos Daisy M. , Nithyadevi D. , Bordett Rosalie , Rudraiah Swetha , Nukavarapu Syam P. , Moss Isaac L. , Kumbar Sangamesh G.
Published: March 2021

Correction for ‘Growing a backbone – functional biomaterials and structures for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair and regeneration: challenges, innovations, and future directions’ by Matthew D. Harmon et al., Biomater. Sci., 2020, 8, 1216–1239, DOI: 10.1039/C9BM01288E.
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine with similar “amino–nitro–amino” arrangement characteristics to TATB: a novel heat-resistant explosive with fused structure
Authors: Yang Feng , Xu Yuangang , Wang Pengcheng , Lin Qiuhan , Bi Fuqiang , Liu Ning , Lu Ming
Published: March 2021

Introducing the structural characteristics of TATB into the fused structure is a promising strategy for preparing high-energy heat-resistant explosives.
Bioconcentration of cedarwood oil constituents in rainbow trout
Authors: Sühring Roxana , Chen Chang-Er , McLachlan Michael S. , MacLeod Matthew
Published: March 2021

Bioconcentration of individual cedarwood oil constituents tested using an abbreviated dietary exposure in vivo test with internal benchmarking.
Efficient construction of a redox responsive thin polymer layer on glassy carbon and gold surfaces for voltage-gated delivery applications
Authors: Barosi Anna , Berisha Avni , Mangeney Claire , Pinson Jean , Dhimane Hamid , Dalko Peter I.
Published: March 2021

The notoriously non-selective aryl-diazonium surface-functionnalization turned selective in the presence of the electron-deficient heterocycle. The electro-activation of the probe allowed the rapid and nearly quantitative liberation of covalently tethered ligands.
Synthesis of α-(aminoethyl)-α,β-enones via alkyne aza-Prins cyclization and their synthetic application to pyrrolidines
Authors: Amemiya Sho , Okemoto Shingo , Tsubouchi Akira , Saito Akio
Published: March 2021

We developed the first synthetic method of conjugated enones via alkyne aza-Prins cyclization. The products could be converted into pyrrolidines by formal 5-endo-trig cyclization.
Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of β-keto sulfones: new prospects for the synthesis of β-keto thiosulfones
Authors: Jannapu Reddy Raju , Haritha Kumari Arram , Kumar Jangam Jagadesh
Published: March 2021

This review highlights recent developments relating to the preparation of β-keto sulfones and β-keto thiosulfones. And, also focused on widespread synthetic applications of β-keto sulfones for assembling many valuable carbo- and heterocycles.
Continuous-flow electrosynthesis of selenium-substituted iminoisobenzofuran via oxidative cyclization of olefinic amides and diselenides
Authors: Bian Mixue , Hua Jiawei , Ma Tao , Xu Jia , Cai Chen , Yang Zhao , Liu Chengkou , He Wei , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai
Published: March 2021

A novel method for the continuous synthesis of selenated iminoisobenzofurans by cyclization of olefinic amides with diselenides through electrochemical oxidation under metal-free and oxidant-free conditions has been developed.
Regioselective C(sp3)–H alkylation of a fructopyranose derivative by 1,6-HAT
Authors: Li Yanru , Miyamoto Shoto , Torigoe Takeru , Kuninobu Yoichiro
Published: March 2021

We developed regioselective C(sp3)–H alkylation of a fructopyranose derivative, which enables the introduction of several functional groups, by 1,6-hydrogen atom transfer.
Visible-light-driven photocatalytic water oxidation over LaNbON2–LaMg2/3Nb1/3O3solid solutions
Authors: Wang Ran , Wang Qi , Qian Jun , Xu Xiaoxiang
Published: March 2021

Solid solutions (LaNbON2)1−x(LaMg2/3Nb1/3O3)x(0.0 ≤x≤ 1.0) show promising photocatalytic activity for water oxidation into oxygen under visible light illumination (λ≥ 420 nm).
High-performance flexible supercapatteries enabled by binder-free two-dimensional mesoporous ultrathin nickel-ferrite nanosheets
Authors: Xi Jianguo , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Asim Sumreen , Idrees Muhammad , Shah Syed Shoaib Ahmad , Assiri Mohammad A. , Mai Wenjie , Hu Chenguo
Published: March 2021

To accomplish the efficient and high-performance supercapattery, electrochemically active materials with multi-component and rational morphological architectures are proposed.
Mo@GAA-Fe3O4 MNPs: a highly efficient and environmentally friendly heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives
Authors: Aghaei-Hashjin Mehraneh , Yahyazadeh Asieh , Abbaspour-Gilandeh Esmayeel
Published: March 2021

Polyhydroquinolines were obtained from a sequential four-component reaction between dimedone or 1,3-cyclohexandione, ethyl acetoacetate, or methyl acetoacetate as a β-ketoester, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate, with Mo@GAA-Fe3O4 MNPs as a green nanocatalyst.
High NH3-SCR reaction rate with low dependence on O2 partial pressure over Al-rich Cu–*BEA zeolite
Authors: Ohata Yusuke , Ohnishi Takeshi , Moteki Takahiko , Ogura Masaru
Published: March 2021

It was revealed that Al-rich Cu–*BEA zeolite exhibit high reaction rate for NH3-SCR at 473 K in low PO2 reaction condition.
Heteropolyacid ionic liquid heterogeneously catalyzed synthesis of isochromans via oxa-Pictet–Spengler cyclization in dimethyl carbonate
Authors: Yang Guoping , Li Ke , Zeng Kai , Li Yijin , Yu Tao , Liu Yufeng
Published: March 2021

An efficient heterogeneous and green catalyst [HEMTH]H2[PMo12O40] was prepared to catalysis the oxa-Pictet–Spengler cyclization of arylethanols and aldehydes to afford isochromans with excellent yields using dimethyl carbonate as a green solvent.
Perovskite solar cells with PCE over 19% fabricated under air environment by using a dye molecule additive
Authors: Chen Piaopiao , Yin Xin , Chen Wei-Hsiang , Song Lixin , Du Pingfan , Huang Yi , Li Ni , Xiong Jie
Published: March 2021

A dye molecule additive (8GFF) is used to address the defect issues of perovskite films and improve their final PCE to over 19% in an air environment.
A shapeable, ultra-stretchable rubber strain sensor based on carbon nanotubes and Ag flakes via melt-mixing process
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Pan Shirui , Ji Chao , Song Jianqiao , Zhang Rui , Zhang Wendong , Sang Shengbo
Published: March 2021

Promoting the detection range, durability, and shapeable manufacturing of flexible strain sensors is essential to broaden their applications.
Mechanisms of mitochondrial cell death
Authors: Dadsena Shashank , Zollo Cristiana , García-Sáez Ana J.
Published: March 2021

Mitochondria are double-membrane bound organelles that not only provide energy for intracellular metabolism, but also play a key role in the regulation of cell death. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), allowing the release of intermembrane space proteins like cytochrome c, is considered a point of no return in apoptosis. MOMP is controlled by the proteins of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family, including pro-and anti-apoptotic members, whose balance determines the decision between cell death and survival. Other factors such as membrane lipid environment, membrane dynamics, and inter-organelle communications are also known to influence this process. MOMP and apoptosis have been acknowledged as immunologically silent. Remarkably, a growing body of evidence indicates that MOMP can engage in various pro-inflammatory signaling functions. In this mini-review, we discuss about our current knowledge on the mechanisms of mitochondrial apoptosis, as well as the involvement of mitochondria in other kinds of programmed cell death pathways.
Mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics for plant systems biology
Authors: Alvarez Sophie , Naldrett Michael J.
Published: March 2021

Untargeted metabolomics enables the identification of key changes to standard pathways, but also aids in revealing other important and possibly novel metabolites or pathways for further analysis. Much progress has been made in this field over the past decade and yet plant metabolomics seems to still be an emerging approach because of the high complexity of plant metabolites and the number one challenge of untargeted metabolomics, metabolite identification. This final and critical stage remains the focus of current research. The intention of this review is to give a brief current state of LC–MS based untargeted metabolomics approaches for plant specific samples and to review the emerging solutions in mass spectrometer hardware and computational tools that can help predict a compound's molecular structure to improve the identification rate.
Acoustic detection of unknown bird species and individuals
Authors: Ntalampiras Stavros , Potamitis Ilyas
Published: March 2021

Computational bioacoustics is a relatively young research area, yet it has increasingly received attention over the last decade because it can be used in a wide range of applications in a cost‐effective manner. This work focuses on the problem of detecting the novel bird calls and songs associated with various species and individual birds. To this end, variational autoencoders, consisting of deep encoding–decoding networks, are employed. The encoder encompasses a series of convolutional layers leading to a smooth high‐level abstraction of log‐Mel spectrograms that characterise bird vocalisations. The decoder operates on this latent representation to generate each respective original observation. Novel species/individual detection is carried out by monitoring and thresholding the expected reconstruction probability. We thoroughly evaluate the proposed method on two different data sets, including the vocalisations of 11 North American bird species and 16 Athene noctua individuals.
Redshift evolution of the underlying type Ia supernova stretch distribution
Authors: Nicolas N. , Rigault M. , Copin Y. , Graziani R. , Aldering G. , Briday M. , Kim Y.-L. , Nordin J. , Perlmutter S. , Smith M.
Published: March 2021

The detailed nature of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) remains uncertain, and as survey statistics increase, the question of astrophysical systematic uncertainties arises, notably that of the evolution of SN Ia populations. We study the dependence on redshift of the SN Ia SALT2.4 light-curve stretch, which is a purely intrinsic SN property, to probe its potential redshift drift. The SN stretch has been shown to be strongly correlated with the SN environment, notably with stellar age tracers. We modeled the underlying stretch distribution as a function of redshift, using the evolution of the fraction of young and old SNe Ia as predicted using the SNfactory dataset, and assuming a constant underlying stretch distribution for each age population consisting of Gaussian mixtures. We tested our prediction against published samples that were cut to have marginal magnitude selection effects, so that any observed change is indeed astrophysical and not observational in origin. In this first study, there are indications that the underlying SN Ia stretch distribution evolves as a function of redshift, and that the age drifting model is a better description of the data than any time-constant model, including the sample-based asymmetric distributions that are often used to correct Malmquist bias at a significance higher than 5σ. The favored underlying stretch model is a bimodal one, composed of a high-stretch mode shared by both young and old environments, and a low-stretch mode that is exclusive to old environments. The precise effect of the redshift evolution of the intrinsic properties of a SN Ia population on cosmology remains to be studied. The astrophysical drift of the SN stretch distribution does affect current Malmquist bias corrections, however, and thereby the distances that are derived based on SN that are affected by observational selection effects. We highlight that this bias will increase with surveys covering increasingly larger redshift ranges, which is particularly important for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.
Carbon-chain molecule survey toward four low-mass molecular outflow sources
Authors: Zhang C. , Wu Y. , Liu X.-C. , Tang Mengyao , Li Di , Esimbek Jarken , Qin S.-L.
Published: March 2021

We performed a carbon-chain molecule (CCM) survey toward four low-mass outflow sources, IRAS 04181+2655 (I04181), HH211, L1524, and L1598, using the 13.7 m telescope at the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) and the 65 m Tian Ma Radio telescope at the Shanghai Observatory. We observed the following hydrocarbons (C2H, C4H, c–C3H2), HC2n+1N (n = 1, 2), CnS (n = 2, 3), and SO, HNC, N2H+. Hydrocarbons and HC3N were detected in all the sources, except for L1598, which had a marginal detection of C4H and a non-detection of HC3N (J = 2–1). HC5N and CCCS were only detected in I04181 and L1524, whereas SO was only detected in HH211. L1598 exhibits the lowest detection rate of CCMs and is generally regarded to be lacking in CCMs source. The ratio of N(HC3N/N(N2H+)) increases with evolution in low-mass star-forming cores. I04181 and L1524 are carbon-chain-rich star-forming cores that may possibly be characterized by warm carbon-chain chemistry. In I04181 and L1524, the abundant CCCS can be explained by shocked carbon-chain chemistry. In HH211, the abundant SO suggests that SO is formed by sublimated S+. In this study, we also mapped HNC, C4H, c–C3H2, and HC3N with data from the PMO. We also find that HNC and NH3 are concentrated in L1524S and L1524N, respectively. Furthermore, we discuss the chemical differences between I04181SE and I04181W. The co-evolution between linear hydrocarbon and cyanopolyynes can be seen in I04181SE.
Detectability of continuous gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars in the Milky Way
Authors: Cieślar Marek , Bulik Tomasz , Curyło Małgorzata , Sieniawska Magdalena , Singh Neha , Bejger Michał
Published: March 2021

Aims. We estimate the number of pulsars, detectable as continuous gravitational wave sources with the current and future gravitational-wave detectors, assuming a simple phenomenological model of evolving non-axisymmetry of the rotating neutron star.

Methods. We employed a numerical model of the Galactic neutron star population, with the properties established by comparison with radio observations of isolated Galactic pulsars. We generated an arbitrarily large synthetic population of neutron stars and evolved their period, magnetic field, and position in space. We used a gravitational wave emission model based on exponentially decaying ellipticity (i.e. non-axisymmetry of the star) with no assumption of the origin of a given ellipticity. We calculated the expected signal in a given detector for a one-year observation, and assumed a detection criterion of the signal-to-noise ratio of 11.4, comparable to a targeted continous wave search. We analysed the detectable population separately in each detector: Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and the planned Einstein Telescope. In the calculation of the expected signal we neglect the frequency change of the signals due to the source’s spindown and the Earth’s motion with respect to the solar barycentre.

Results. With conservative values for the neutron star evolution (a supernova rate of once per 100 years, initial ellipticity ϵ0 ≃ 10−5 with no decay of the ellipticity η = thub ≃ 104 Myr), the expected number of detected neutron stars is 0.15 (based on a simulation of 10 M stars) for the Advanced LIGO detector. A broader study of the parameter space (ϵ0, η) is presented. With the planned sensitivity for the Einstein Telescope, and assuming the same ellipiticity model, the expected detection number is 26.4 pulsars during a one-year observing run.
Transformer graded fault diagnosis based on neighborhood rough set and XGBoost
Authors: Guo RuYan , Peng MinFang , Cao ZhenQi , Zhou RunFu
Published: March 2021

Aiming at the uncertainty of fault type reasoning based on fault data in transformer fault diagnosis model, this paper proposed a hierarchical diagnosis model based on neighborhood rough set and XGBoost. The model used arctangent transformation to preprocess the DGA data, which could reduce the distribution span of data features and the complexity of model training. Using 5 characteristic gases and 16 gas ratios as the input characteristic parameters of the XGBoost model at all levels, reduction was performed on these 21 input feature attributes, features that had a high contribution to fault classification were retained, and redundant features were removed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of model prediction. Taking advantage of XGBoost's strong ability to extract a few features, the output of the model was the superposition of leaf node scores for each type of fault, the maximum score was the type of failure the sample belonged to, and its value was also the probability value. The obtained probability was used as one of the evidence sources to use D-S evidence theory for information fusion to verify the reliability of the model. Experiments have proved that the XGBoost graded diagnosis model proposed in this article has the highest overall accuracy rate comparing with the traditional model, reaching 93.01%, the accuracy of XGBoost models at all levels has reached more than 90%, the average accuracy rate is higher than that of the traditional model by an average of more than 2.7%, and the average time-consuming is only 0.0695 s. After D-S multi-source information fusion, the reliability of the prediction results of the model proposed in this paper has been improved.
Research on the control strategy of phase balance in H-bridge cascade SVG
Authors: Xu Anfei , Gan Linbo , Xi Ziqiang , Du Xiaogang
Published: March 2021

Based on the H-bridge cascaded SVG as one of the best solutions to effectively compensate reactive currents, this article focuses on the cascaded high-voltage H-bridge SVG phase balance problem. While analyzing the influence factors of the SVG DC side voltage, it summarizes and introduces 5 SVG phase balance control strategy ， Analyzed its real-time performance, stability, applicable occasions, algorithm and hardware circuit complexity, etc.Some control strategies have been simulated and verified, and the simulation results have reached the expected value, which provides a reference for the selection of balance control strategies for high-voltage SVG equipment.
Research on Defect Diagnosis Method of Reactor Acoustic Vibration Method Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Jia Peng-fei , Gao Shu-guo , Zhang Xing-hui , Meng Ling-ming , Yang Yang , Li Li-hua
Published: March 2021

Although the state evaluation method based on characteristic parameters and weight factors can extract the characteristic quantities in time domain and frequency domain according to the collected acoustic and vibration signals of reactors, it is necessary to analyze a large number of test data to establish the functional relationship between the characteristic quantities and the defect states, and to establish the function relationship between the characteristic quantities and the defect states, and to establish the function relationship between the characteristic quantities and the defect states The method can directly learn the data samples, and self-study the correlation rules of characteristic parameters and defects through the training of neural network. In this paper, the deep learning neural network model is constructed, and the data obtained from reactor defect simulation experiment and field measurement are used as samples to train the deep learning network. Through the training of neural network, the characteristics of acoustic vibration signal are automatically learned, and the characteristics are stored in the parameters of neural network. Finally, the state of reactor is realized by the classifier at the end of the network assessment
Erythema gyratum repens – Kutane Paraneoplasie bei metastasiertem Adenokarzinom der Trachea
Authors: Oberndörfer F. , Mitteldorf C. , Tronnier M.
Published: March 2021

Die Kenntnis über das Erythema gyratum repens als obligate kutane Paraneoplasie ist bedeutend zur Detektion viszeraler Malignome und stellt die Dermatologie als interdisziplinäres Fach heraus. Hier zeigen wir einen Fall eines 50-jährigen Patienten mit Erythema gyratum repens und einem metastasierten Adenokarzinom der Trachea.
Tiefe Trichophytie bei Tinea corporis
Authors: Mehwald-Göke M. , Kulberg A.
Published: March 2021

Mykosen sind weit verbreitete Infektionskrankheiten, die durch unterschiedliche Erreger hervorgerufen werden und sich im klinischen Alltag unterschiedlich präsentieren können. Je nach Manifestationsort und Erreger kommen entsprechend unterschiedliche Behandlungsoptionen in Betracht. Wir stellen im Folgenden einen Patienten mit einer ungewöhnlichen tiefen Trichophytie bei Tinea corporis und Onychomykose vor. Der Patient wurde topisch und systemisch mit Terbinafin behandelt.

Diese Kasuistik ist insofern erwähnenswert, da es sich um eine durch zwei unterschiedliche Erreger hervorgerufene Mykose handelt, die möglicherweise durch den vorbestehenden Diabetes begünstigt wurde und eine besondere therapeutische Herausforderung darstellt.
Cytotoxic Agents in the Minor Alkaloid Groups of the Amaryllidaceae
Authors: Nair Jerald J. , van Staden Johannes
Published: March 2021

Over 600 alkaloids have to date been identified in the plant family Amaryllidaceae. These have been arranged into as many as 15 different groups based on their characteristic structural features. The vast majority of studies on the biological properties of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have probed their anticancer potential. While most efforts have focused on the major alkaloid groups, the volume and diversity afforded by the minor alkaloid groups have promoted their usefulness as targets for cancer cell line screening purposes. This survey is an in-depth review of such activities described for around 90 representatives from 10 minor alkaloid groups of the Amaryllidaceae. These have been evaluated against over 60 cell lines categorized into 18 different types of cancer. The montanine and cripowellin groups were identified as the most potent, with some in the latter demonstrating low nanomolar level antiproliferative activities. Despite their challenging molecular
architectures, the minor alkaloid groups have allowed for facile adjustments to be made to their structures, thereby altering the size, geometry, and electronics of the targets available for structure-activity relationship studies. Nevertheless, it was seen with a regular frequency that the parent alkaloids were better cytotoxic agents than the corresponding semisynthetic derivatives. There has also been significant interest in how the minor alkaloid groups manifest their effects in cancer cells. Among the various targets and pathways in which they were seen to mediate, their ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells is most appealing.
Is ProBNP a New Marker for Predicting Intrauterine Growth Restriction?
Authors: Eroğlu Hasan , Tonyalı Nazan Vanlı , Orgul Gokcen , Biriken Derya , Yucel Aykan , Yazihan Nuray , Uygur Dilek
Published: March 2021

Purpose To evaluate the usability of first-trimester maternal serum ProBNP levels in the prediction of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Methods In this prospective study, blood samples taken from 500 women who applied to our polyclinic for routine serum aneuploidy screening between the 11–14th gestational weeks were centrifuged. The obtained plasma samples were placed in Eppendorf tubes and stored at −80+°C. For the final analysis, first-trimester maternal serum ProBNP levels of 32 women diagnosed with postpartum IUGR and 32 healthy women randomly selected as the control group were compared. FGR was defined as estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age.

Results The mean ProBNP levels were statistically and significantly higher in the women with intrauterine growth restriction (113.73±94.69 vs. 58.33±47.70 pg/mL, p<0.01). At a cut-off level of 50.93, ProBNP accurately predicted occurrence of IUGR (AUC+= 0.794 (95% confidence interval 0.679–0.910), p+= 0.001) with sensitivity and specificity rates of 78.1 and 69.0%, respectively. Conclusion First-trimester serum ProBNP level was significantly higher in women who developed IUGR compared to healthy controls. First-trimester ProBNP level can be used as a potential marker to predict the development of IUGR in pregnant women.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Root Extract During Pregnancy: A Clinical Feasibility Study
Authors: Laekeman Gert Maria , Van Calsteren Kristel , Devlieger Roland , Sarafanova Ekaterina , Van Limbeek Jonice , Dierckxsens Yvan
Published: March 2021

There is almost no experience with concentrated ginger extracts during pregnancy. The purpose of this trial was to include 50 pregnant women in a clinical feasibility study with EXT.GR10, a 10 × concentrated ethanolic extract of ginger root. The primary objective was to detect complications in the mother during pregnancy and malformations or complications in the newborn at delivery. The secondary purpose was to evaluate the satisfaction of the patients. In total, 51 pregnant women were included in this observational study. They could freely use ginger tablets with a maximum of 2 tablets of 50 mg EXT.GR10 a day in case of gastrointestinal discomfort. Tablets were taken by 44 patients. Stillbirth, prematurity, hypertension, and gestational diabetes occurred. There were no serious complications at birth. In the newborn, 4 cases of dysplasia of the hip were seen and 2 minor malformations. There was no relation between events affecting mother and child and the number of
EXT.GR10 tablets taken. About ⅔ of patients appreciated the effects of ginger. This is the first clinical study with the EXT.GR10 extract. Based on this feasibility study, a follow-up clinical trial is planned with a fixed minimum of exposure to EXT.GR10 during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Effects of Homeopathic Preparations of Mercurius corrosivus on the Growth Rate of Moderately Mercury-Stressed Duckweed Lemna gibba L
Authors: Jäger Tim , Würtenberger Sandra , Baumgartner Stephan
Published: March 2021

Background A bioassay with severely mercury-stressed duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) had revealed growth-inhibiting effects of homeopathically potentised mercury(II) chloride (Mercurius corrosivus, Merc-c.). We hypothesised that effects of potentised preparations are dependent on the stress level of the organisms used in the bioassay. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the response of duckweed to potentised Merc-c. at a lower stress level.

Methods Duckweed was moderately stressed with 2.5 mg/L mercury(II) chloride for 48 hours. Afterwards plants grew in either Merc-c. (seven different potency levels, 24x–30x) or water controls (unsuccussed or succussed water) for 7 days. Growth rates of the frond (leaf) area were determined using a computerised image-analysis system for day 0–3 and 3–7. Three independent experiments with potentised Merc-c. and three systematic negative control experiments were performed. All experiments were randomised and blinded.

Results Unsuccussed and succussed water did not significantly differ in their effects on duckweed growth rate. The systematic negative control experiments did not yield any significant effects, thus providing evidence for the stability of the experimental system. Data from the two control groups and the seven treatment groups (Merc-c. 24x–30x) were each pooled to increase statistical power. Duckweed growth rates for day 3–7 were enhanced (p < 0.05) after application of Merc-c. compared with the controls. Growth rates for day 0–3 were not influenced by the homeopathic preparations.

Conclusions Moderately mercury-stressed Lemna gibba L. yielded evidence of growth-enhancing specific effects of Merc-c. 24x–30x in the second observation period (day 3–7). This observation is complementary to previous experiments with severely mercury-stressed duckweed, in which a decrease in growth was observed in the first observation period (day 0–3). We hypothesise that the differing results are associated with the level of stress intensity (moderate vs. severe).
Cribriform Appearance of White Matter in Canavan Disease Associated with Novel Mutations of ASPA Gene
Authors: Bhat Maya Dattatraya , Manjunath Netravathi , Kumari Renu , Faruq Mohammed , Pal Pramod Kumar , Prasad Chandrajit , Mundlamuri Ravindranadh Chowdary , Nalini Atchayaram , Udupi Gautham Arunachal , Baishya Priyanka Priyadarshini , Kulanthaivelu Karthik
Published: March 2021

Cribriform appearance of the brain in Canavan disease is a rare finding. The two presented cases broaden the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phenotype wherein numerous oval, cystic structures, a few resembling dilated Virchow-Robin (VR) spaces, were noted in the centrum semiovale, periventricular, and lobar white matter producing a cribriform pattern. Besides, discrete round to oval cysts were present at the gray–white matter junctions in the second case, which were larger and appeared morphologically distinct from the VR spaces. These cysts did not elongate in any plane on imaging and were more representative of giant intramyelinic vacuoles. Genetic analysis revealed novel mutations in the aspartoacylase or ASPA gene that possibly accounts for the severe form of Canavan disease, which probably explains the imaging findings. The multicystic appearance of the white matter in Canavan disease is unusual and possibly represents two different histopathological substrates.
Establishing a Lymphatic Venous Anastomotic Training Model in Pig Trotters
Authors: Kato Motoi , Kurita Masakazu , Mito Daisuke , Nakamura Runa , Li Kexin , Yamashita Shuji , Okazaki Mutsumi
Published: March 2021

Background Lymphatic venous anastomosis (LVA) is a widely accepted surgical procedure for lymphedema. To obtain the best outcomes, surgeons should be well trained. A recent study introduced an LVA training model using pig trotters for their utility and structural similarity to human tissues. However, details regarding the utilization of anastomosis models, such as feasible points for training based on vessel anatomy, have not been clarified. Therefore, we assessed the anatomical details of lymphatic vessels and veins of trotters to establish a practical training model of LVA.

Methods Ten frozen trotters were used. After thawing at room temperature, indocyanine green fluorescent lymphography was used to visualize the lymphatic course. To dissect the lymphatic vessels and veins from the distal to the proximal end, whole skins were detached thoroughly from the plantar side. Data from the lymphatic vessels and veins were collected based on their courses, diameters, and layouts to clarify adjacent points feasible for LVA training.

Results Both lymphatic vessels and veins were classified into four major courses: dorsal, medial, lateral, and plantar. The majority were dorsal vessels, both lymphatic vessels and veins. The adjacent points were always found in the distal dorsum center and were especially concentrated between the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint and central interphalangeal crease, followed by the medial and lateral sides.

Conclusion The most relevant point for LVA surgical training in the trotter was the dorsal center distal to the MP joint, where parallel vessels of similar sizes were found in all cases. This practical LVA surgical model would improve surgeon skills in not only anastomosis but also preoperative fluorescent lymphography.
Combined Muscle Biopsy and Comprehensive Electrophysiology in General Anesthesia is Valuable in Diagnosis of Neuromuscular Disease in Children
Authors: Hoei-Hansen Christina E. , Tygesen Marie L. B. , Dunø Morten , Vissing John , Ballegaard Martin , Born Alfred P.
Published: March 2021

Aim The diagnostic workup in patients with delayed motor milestones suspected of having either myopathy or a congenital myasthenic syndrome is complex. Our hypothesis was that performance of a muscle biopsy and neurophysiology including stimulated single-fiber electromyography during an anesthetic procedure, combined with genetic testing has a high diagnostic quality.

Materials and Methods Clinical and paraclinical data were retrospectively collected from 24 patients aged from 1 month to 10 years (median: 5.2 years).

Results Neurophysiology examination was performed in all patients and was abnormal in 11 of 24. No patients had findings suggestive of a myasthenic syndrome. Muscle biopsy was performed in 21 of 24 and was normal in 16. Diagnostic findings included nemaline rods, inclusion bodies, fiber size variability, and type-II fiber atrophy. Genetic testing with either a gene panel or exome sequencing was performed in 18 of 24 patients, with pathogenic variants detected in ACTA1, NEB, SELENON, GRIN2B, SCN8A, and COMP genes.

Conclusion Results supporting a neuromuscular abnormality were found in 15 of 24. In six patients (25%), we confirmed a genetic diagnosis and 12 had a clinical neuromuscular diagnosis. The study suggests that combined use of neurophysiology and muscle biopsy in cases where genetic testing does not provide a diagnosis can be useful in children with delayed motor milestones and clinical evidence of a neuromuscular disease.
No needle, doc!
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: March 2021

Better understanding the permeability of skin can help elevate novel delivery mechanisms for small drug volumes, like vaccine tattoos or needle-free injections.
Energy relaxation path of excited free hydrogen oxide vibrational energy at the air/water interface
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: March 2021

Different relaxation paths between the surfaces of pure water and isotopically treated water can produce similar relaxation rates.
Characterizing cryogenic amplifiers with a matched temperature-variable noise source
Authors: Simbierowicz Slawomir , Vesterinen Visa , Milem Joshua , Lintunen Aleksi , Oksanen Mika , Roschier Leif , Grönberg Leif , Hassel Juha , Gunnarsson David , Lake Russell E.
Published: March 2021

We present a cryogenic microwave noise source with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, which can be installed in a coaxial line of a cryostat. The bath temperature of the noise source is continuously variable between 0.1 K and 5 K without causing significant back-action heating on the sample space. As a proof-of-concept experiment, we perform Y-factor measurements of an amplifier cascade that includes a traveling wave parametric amplifier and a commercial high electron mobility transistor amplifier. We observe system noise temperatures as low as 680−200+20 mK at 5.7 GHz corresponding to 1.5−0.7+0.1 excess photons. The system we present has immediate applications in the validation of solid-state qubit readout lines.
Compressible helical turbulence: Fastened-structure geometry and statistics
Authors: Zhu Jian-Zhou
Published: March 2021

Reduction of flow compressibility with the corresponding ideally invariant helicities, universally for various fluid models of neutral and ionized gases, can be argued statistically and associated with the geometrical scenario in the Taylor–Proudman theorem and its analogs. A “chiral base flow/field,” rooted in the generic intrinsic local structure, as well as an “equivalence principle,” is explained and used to bridge the single-structure mechanics and the helical statistics. The electric field fluctuations may similarly be depressed by the (self-)helicities of the two-fluid plasma model, with the geometry lying in the relation between the electric and density fields in a Maxwell equation.
A dissipative particle dynamics model for studying dynamic phenomena in colloidal rod suspensions
Authors: Liu Yawei , Widmer-Cooper Asaph
Published: March 2021

A dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) model is developed and demonstrated for studying dynamics in colloidal rod suspensions. The solvent is modeled as conventional DPD particles, while individual rods are represented by a rigid linear chain consisting of overlapping solid spheres, which interact with solvent particles through a hard repulsive potential. The boundary condition on the rod surface is controlled using a surface friction between the solid spheres and the solvent particles. In this work, this model is employed to study the diffusion of a single colloid in the DPD solvent and compared with theoretical predictions. Both the translational and rotational diffusion coefficients obtained at a proper surface friction show good agreement with calculations based on the rod size defined by the hard repulsive potential. In addition, the system-size dependence of the diffusion coefficients shows that the Navier–Stokes hydrodynamic interactions are correctly included in this DPD model. Comparing our results with experimental measurements of the diffusion coefficients of gold nanorods, we discuss the ability of the model to correctly describe dynamics in real nanorod suspensions. Our results provide a clear reference point from which the model could be extended to enable the study of colloid dynamics in more complex situations or for other types of particles.