bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mt. Gerizim and Mt. Zion: A study in the early history of the Samaritans and Jews
Authors: Knoppers Gary N.
Published: January 2010

This article explores how a new and very important development in the study of ancient Samaria sheds light on the import of two Judean texts written during the late Achaemenid or early Hellenistic era. The study begins with a discussion of the recent excavation of a large temple complex on Mt. Gerizim largely dating to the Hellenistic era, but with some material evidence stretching back to the Persian era. This remarkable discovery helps to answer some old questions, but it also raises new questions about Samarian-Judean relations during the Second Commonwealth. The selected case studies stem from the book of Chronicles and deal with Judah's relations with northern Israel. One involves King Abijah's address to "Jeroboam and all Israel" at Mt. Zemaraim during the early divided monarchy (2 Chr.13:4-12), while the other involves King Hezekiah's Passover invitation sent to all quarters of Israel, including the estranged northern tribes (2 Chr. 30:6-9). The study clarifies the context within which postmonarchic Judean writers worked (including their views of and aspirations for their own communities) by re-examining the larger geo-political and religious circumstances in which they lived.
Faith, activism and the churches in Canada: Lessons from the Canada-Guatemala solidarity movement
Authors: Peirce Jennifer , Kowalchuk Lisa
Published: January 2010

This essay examines the contributions made by Kathryn Anderson's book, Weaving Relationships: Canada-Guatemala Solidarity (2003), to an understanding of the role of religion in social and political activism and to current debates on how the churches in Canada can be revitalized. A key insight the book offers is that people are drawn to support justice struggles in other countries by a combination of commitment to religious values and communities and a quest for personal spiritual growth. Anderson draws on the experiences of the solidarity participants both in their interaction with Guatemalan communities and activists and with their own local churches to suggest four ways for Canadian churches to revitalize their outreach to third world peoples and to their own congregations.
C.G. Jung, S.P. Huntington and the search for civilization
Authors: Dourley John P.
Published: January 2010

The paper briefly and appreciatively presents Huntington's thesis that future wars will be fought between civilizations bonded by differing religions. It then shows an extensive initial agreement between Huntington and Carl Jung whose ideas of the participation mystique, representations collectives, the "isms" and the collective shadow jointly con-tend that civilizations are bonded by archetypal powers, the same agencies that generate religious bonding. Consequently the more archetypally based the bonding, the less conscious and so less morally sensitive are those bonded in relation to the differently bonded. But Jung goes beyond Huntington in contending that the psyche itself moves to a conscious and historical actualization of the human commonalities that Huntington acknowledges in passing as the distant solution to the clash of civilizations. By identifying these commonalities and their psychodynamics, Jung completes Huntington by envisaging a humanity cognizant that its cultural/religious differences derive from a common human source, the archetypal unconscious. This realization would relativize religious/cultural differentiation and so contribute to a global myth that would foster the embrace of differentiated cultures and negate the threat they currently pose to the continuance of the species.
Dancer in the Dark : Affliction and the aesthetic of attention
Authors: Faber Alyda
Published: January 2010

This article argues that Lars von Trier's film Dancer in the Dark (2000) develops a provocative aesthetic of attention to affliction. The significance of this aesthetic is developed with reference to Simone Weil's understanding of affliction as deep psychic, social and physical suffering. She finds that humans habitually avoid affliction with consolations of optimistic political or religious meaning, and that deep suffering is thus rarely engaged with empathic "living attention." Through his characterization of Selma, and in his manipulations of the conventions of the musical, von Trier elicits this kind of attention, creating an important ethical opportunity for viewers to enlarge their capacity for responsiveness to deep suffering. However, von Trier's film also demonstrates Weil's point that attention to affliction is a miracle like walking on water: a near impossibility. In von Trier's otherwise mobile aesthetic, that impossibility is betrayed in his use of existing patriarchal conventions of affliction, habitually feminized as hysteria.
Mandatory retirement: Ideas in the study of Christian origins whose time has come to go
Authors: Fredriksen Paula
Published: January 2010

Historians of ancient Christianity routinely describe its social and religious environment by relying on certain common-sense academic terms. In this essay, the author argues that four of these termis—conversion, nationalism, religio licita ("legit cult") and monotheism—in fact import anachronism and distortion into historical descriptions of the cultural context of Christianity and its origins, in the end obscuring precisely the evidence that they are mobilized to illumine. In making the argument that these terms be dropped, the author also presents a synthetic reconstruction of the ways that Jews, Christians and pagans interacted during the formative centuries of the new movement.
Taking its interdisciplinary heritage seriously: The future of Religious Studies in Canada
Authors: Coward Harold
Published: January 2010

This article will argue that Religious Studies is not a narrowly defined discipline with a single methodology but is an area or field of study that is interdisciplinary in nature. From the beginning, Religious Studies as a scholarly field has engaged a variety of disciplinary approaches including: literary analysis of scriptural texts, history of religions, comparative religion, philosophy of religions, psychology of religions, sociology of religions and anthropology of religions. This has been its strength in the past, providing ways to reach out to other disciplines in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Taking its interdisciplinary heritage seriously today gives Religious Studies a strong basis from which to move forward into the future. It enables Religious Studies departments to build bridges to cognate departments resulting in joint appointments and enriched programs for students. It widens Religious Studies' base of support and regard within the academic community. It fosters research projects with interdisciplinary team approaches to contemporary problems in areas such as biomedical ethics, environmental ethics, religion and peace-building, pluralism and public policy—global issues that transcend the ability of any one discipline to provide answers. This approach ensures that the knowledge developed by Religious Studies "has a place at the table" alongside the other disciplines and is engaged in the solving of major problems and the formation of policy recommendations.
Religious Studies in Canada and Brazil: Pro-pluralism and anti-theology in context
Authors: Engler Steven
Published: January 2010

Religious Studies can be more effective if it is critical of its normative allegiances. To support this claim, this paper explores two value-stances that have shaped the Canadian field: anti-theology (reflecting American church-state relations) and pro-pluralism (reflecting post- Charter concerns over religious freedom in Canada) . It suggests that highlighting possible contributions of Religious Studies to the nation, a self-positioning of scholars of religion as experts in pluralism, would be an appropriate successor to the American influences that shaped the growth of the field. The study of religion in Brazil provides an example largely free from anti-theology and pro-pluralism. As such, it prompts us to reflect on how past circumstances have evoked these normative stances in the Canadian field, and whether they should continue here.
Essai sur l'avenir des sciences des religions au Canada
Authors: Gardaz Michel
Published: January 2010

Le principal objectif de cet essai est de développer plusieurs idées évoquées par les participants (es) durant le colloque. Après avoir effectué un bref survol historique du développement des départements de sciences des religions au Canada, nous examinerons les questions suivantes : les sciences des religions souffrent-elles d'un complexe d'identité ? Le projet d'une Religionswissenschaft tel qu'imaginé au dix-neuvième siècle est-il irréalisable ? Y a-t-il une politisation croissante de notre champ d'études ? Que devons penser du sempiternel débat entre les soi-disant réductionnistes et les non-réductionnistes ? Pouvons-nous vraiment ressentir les influences insidieuses des « lois du marché » dans la politique universitaire ? Y a-t-il trop de programmes de troisième cycle en sciences des religions ? Enfin, quelle est la place des subventions de recherche dans la carrière universitaire ?
Religious belief, meaning and argument
Authors: Sweet William
Published: January 2010

This paper continues the discussion in recent Anglo-American epistemology of religion concerning "truth" in religion and the relevance of argument or philosophical proof. The author proposes an analysis of religious belief that takes into account both the practice of believers and the understanding of religious truth frequently given by them. Such an analysis provides a description of the character of religious truth, holds that the meaning and truth of religious beliefs are not determined purely within religious practices or discourses, and offers an explanation as to why it is generally difficult to reach agreement about the truth of specific religious beliefs.
The transmission of early Christian thought: Toward a cognitive psychological model
Authors: Czachesz István
Published: January 2010

This article uses current developments in cognitive science to explore the emergence of early Christian religion. In particular, it considers Sperber's epidemiology model, Rubin's serial recall model, ritual form theory and Boyer's theory of religious concepts for understanding the transmission of early Christian thought. Whereas Sperber's approach focusses on ideas (internal representations), Rubin concentrates on the transmission of texts (public representations). Two preliminary hypotheses are put forward in an attempt to apply cognitive scientific research to formative Christianity: the cognitive relevance hypothesis about core christological concepts, and the optimal transmission hypothesis addressing the balance of tradition and conceptual innovation.
De la pertinence de l'approche marketing pour l'analyse de la vie religieuse contemporaine
Authors: David-Blais Martin
Published: January 2010

On fait régulièrement la proposition de recourir à une démarche marketing pour ce qui concerne le problème de la fréquentation des organisations religieuses ; cependant, cette démarche est aussi objet de préjugés très forts. Il est en effet fréquent qu'on lui refuse toute légitimité dès lors qu'il est question du religieux. Le présent article discute deux chefs d'accusation classiques, soit que (1) la démarche marketing conduit dans les faits à la perte de contrôle par les organisations religieuses de leur raison d'être et (2) que la théorie de l'action véhiculée par le marketing conduit à la réification de l'agir humain. L'article présente ces idées qui relèvent, selon nous, de ce. que la psychologie sociale nomme des « représentations sociales » et cherche à les récuser. À la base de toute cette réflexion se trouve toutefois un enjeu plus vaste : la théorie marketing de l'action offre des matériaux intéressants, de type micro, pour l'explication de la sécularisation.
The moral world of Greco-Roman associations
Authors: Batten Alicia
Published: January 2010

This article examines the language and regulations of Greco-Roman associations with a focus upon their moral worlds. Many of the virtues ascribed to the benefactors of and participants in these associations are based more upon their financial and administrative contributions than personal character, but sometimes such virtues are applied to people who do not provide financial assistance, suggesting a democratization of Greek values. Although the evidence indicates that generally ancient associations did not require a moral transformation of their members, nor did they stress moral guidelines beyond activity in the association (for which they were criticized by others), the strictly enforced regulations for life in the association upheld important codes that were connected to broader societal values. Evidence from the associations is thus another important component for the examination of the background and tensions among religions of antiquity.
Genealogies of postcolonialism: A slight return from Said and Foucault back to Fanon and Sartre
Authors: Courville Mathieu E.
Published: January 2010

Overemphasizing Michel Foucault's influence upon Edward W. Said's work has diverted much attention away from a clearer understanding of the ways in which Said's work was enabled by that of Frantz Fanon. It has been commonplace to assume that Said's oeuvre must be read through a Foucauldian lens, and yet Said was at times very critical of certain aspects of Foucault's work, often gesturing towards Frantz Fanon as a more apt intellectual model. This article's first section ad-dresses some of the secondary literature that has begun elaborating this "rapprochement" between Said and Fanon. The article's second segment examines on what grounds Said distanced himself from Foucault. The third part begins providing a more sustained comparison between Fanon and Said.
Psychologie culturelle de la religion: l'évolution de la perception du catholicisme dans trois romans de l'écrivain catholique japonais Shusaku Endo
Authors: De Paiva M. Geraldo José
Published: January 2010

Sont examinés ici trois romans de Shusaku Endo (1923-1996), Un admirable idiot, Silence et Le fleuve sacré, pour illustrer la trajectoire de la perception du catholicisme d'un auteur né et nourri à la fois dans la culture japonaise traditionnelle et dans le catholicisme occidental de sa mère. La perception du catholicisme et de l'être japonais, d'abord envisagés comme incompatibles, aboutit, par des degrés successifs d'élaboration, au rapprochement du catholicisme avec la manière d'être japonaise fondée sur l'amae, envisageant le Dieu chrétien, humanisé en Jésus, comme un Dieu maternel qui aime les pécheurs d'un amour inconditionnel et préférentiel. Ce changement perceptuel ne manque pas de soulever des questions psychologiques au sujet de la paternité/ maternité divine telle qu'elle est comprise selon des conceptions religieuses et culturelles diverses.
A Jew in Celsus' True Doctrine? An examination of Jewish Anti-Christian polemic in the second century C.E
Authors: Blumell Lincoln
Published: January 2010

One of the major obstacles to presenting a more balanced assessment of Jewish-Christian relations in the 2nd century C.E. is the virtual absence of Jewish literary sources for the period. Though Jews figure prominently in the writings of the 2nd century Church Fathers and later Christian Apologists, it is becoming increasingly evident in scholarship that these texts portray Jews in a tendentious manner, often reveal more about Christian self-definition than they do about either Jews or Judaism, and tend to talk at Jews more than they talk with Jews. Nevertheless, there is one oft-neglected work that might help to remedy these problems and contribute to a better understanding of Jewish perceptions of Christianity in the 2nd century. There is reason to believe that embedded within Celsus' True Doctrine are authentic Jewish arguments against Christianity. This article presents a source-critical analysis of Celsus, analyzing the nature of Celsus' debt to 2nd-century Jewish sources and their significance for Jewish-Christian relations at that time.
Karl Barth et l'islam. Sur l'unicité de Dieu
Authors: Camilleri Sylvain
Published: January 2010

L'oeuvre de Karl Barth continue d'inspirer de nombreux chercheurs en théologie et en sciences religieuses. Si personne n'a jamais remis en doute la profonde érudition de Barth, on s'aperçoit à la lecture de la Kirchliche Dogmatik que le théologien protestant ne ménage pas les religions. On trouve par exemple dans cette oeuvre quelques pages particulièrement sévères à propos la religion islamique et notamment de sa doctrine de l'unicité divine. C'est parce que l'islam, de par sa visibilité croissante, est devenu un acteur incontournable du dialogue interreligieux à construire qu'il a semblé nécessaire de passer les propos de Barth à l'épreuve d'une certaine déconstruction philosophique. On espère ainsi contribuer à une théologie des religions assez critique de ses sources pour ne point exclure sur des critères doctrinaux la contribution des différentes fois au dialogue interreligieux.
Ironie et ambiguïtés en Qohélet 4,13-16
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2010

L'auteur présente un état de la recherche des critiques des sources et du genre littéraire, et des analyses structurelle et littéraire de Qo 4,13-16. Puis, il poursuit son enquête en montrant que les ambiguïtés de Qo 4,13-16 ne sont pas purement accidentelles. Au contraire, elles font partie d'une stratégie rhétorique qui accentue l'ironie du texte et qui vise à solliciter le lecteur à tester différentes lectures.
Libéraliser le communautarisme ? Une proposition théologique de David G. Horrell examinée en contexte québécois
Authors: Roussel Jean-François , Robitaille Steve
Published: January 2010

Dans la recherche d'un modèle de gestion politique de la diversité religieuse, une option se dessine, entre communautarisme et libéralisme. Le débat québécois sur la diversité religieuse soupèse aussi les mérites et limites respectifs des deux approches, dans la recherche d'une « laïcité ouverte ». L'article présente une approche théologique de la question, celle de David G. Horrell, qui propose une articulation des deux modèles, à partir d'une lecture de Paul. Il rend compte de la proposition de Horrell, avant de la discuter en fonction de ses propres objectifs puis de voir comment elle éclaire le débat québécois.
Bâtir des territoires cultuels pour construire des identités
Authors: Bauer Olivier
Published: January 2010

: Le théologien protestant Olivier Bauer réfléchit sur la manière dont les actions liturgiques bâtissent des espaces cultuels et sur les identités qu'elles construisent ainsi. Ses réflexions sont nourries par son expérience des cultes sur trois continents, en Europe, en Océanie et en Amérique du Nord. Dans une première partie, il détaille ce que font les officiants et les célébrants — célébrer, regarder, bouger, écouter, s'exprimer, toucher, manger, sentir... — pour faire apparaître les représentations de l'espace cultuel qu'elles créent. Dans une seconde partie, il met en évidence les conséquences de l'aménagement d'un territoire cultuel sur l'identité religieuse de celles et ceux qui le fréquentent : sur leurs relations à Dieu, à l'Église et au culte lui-même.
The historical Muhammad and the historical Jesus: A comparison of scholarly reinventions and reinterpretations
Authors: Berg Herbert , Rollens Sarah
Published: January 2010

Scholars of the historical Jesus and scholars of the historical Muhammad are engaged in seemingly similar activities, but they rarely look to each other to compare and evaluate their methods and theories. Such a comparison reveals that both seek to read thoroughly theological texts as historical texts, or at least ones out of which the historical facts can be rooted. Thus, both sets of scholars approach the texts with assumptions shared by the believers. Furthermore, because of the status accorded Jesus in the development of Christianity and the contemporary relevance assigned to Jesus by scholars of the historical Jesus, these scholars also share similar goals and perspectives with believers. Scholars of the historical Muhammad may be fewer in number, have fewer resources, and have less sophisticated methodologies than their counterparts, but for the most part their conclusions are less theological.
Entre Dieu et l'empire, une figure récurrente, la barbarie
Authors: Faul Fabien
Published: January 2010

L'emploi réitéré de la notion de barbarie en lien avec les déchaînements de violence de ces dernières décennies justifie une étude de l'emploi de cette notion, ce qui permet de dégager en premier lieu, plusieurs figures de la barbarie, notamment autour des modes divers de violence. La lecture de trois auteurs, Jean-Pierre Dupuy, Jean-François Mattéi et Michel Henry permet ensuite de chercher l'origine de la violence, moins dans une haine de l'autre, différent, que dans une haine de soi et un besoin de reconnaissance. Il s'ensuit la nécessité de penser quelle réponse donner à la barbarie : La lecture de Paul Ricoeur, Axel Honneth et Marcel Hénaff suggère une recherche de piste dans la logique du don. Larticle se termine, en s'inspirant de certaines réflexions de Hannah Arendt, sur un questionnement quant à la visée de cette convocation de l'idée de barbarie.
Empire et verbigération : la portée critique de l'œvre de Valère Novarina
Authors: Trudel Jean Sébastien
Published: January 2010

À partir de l'oeuvre de Valère Novarina, l'article confronte deux empires : l'empire de la communication, d'une part, qui nie l'esprit en posant l'évidence du sens et qui s'interdit le transcendant et plongeant dans la consommation, et l'empire de la verbigération, d'autre part, qui s'interdit de représenter pour faire place à l'absence, donc à l'esprit, et qui propose un passage du sens au non-sens par le biais d'un écoulement, d'un évidement indéfini. Si, chez Novarina, la verbigération est élevée en idéal à la fois esthétique et critique, c'est que la verbigération - comme forme de kénose - donne accès à une absence agissante inhérente à l'être humain, absence qui n'est sans doute pas autre chose que Dieu.
Piusinaqtuq : évangélisation, guérison et conversion des Inuit au christianisme sur la côte orientale de la baie d'Hudson, Nunavik (1837-1925)
Authors: Laugrand Frédéric
Published: January 2010

Après une analyse historique de l'évangélisation menée entre 1837 et 1925 sur la côte orientale de la baie d'Hudson, cet article documente une pratique thérapeutique traditionnelle encore méconnue : le piusinaqtuq. Des témoignages oraux montrent qu'elle fut parfois utilisée comme rituel de conversion, entre la fin du XIX e et le début du XXe siècle. Étroitement associée à la guérison ainsi qu'au rituel chrétien de la communion, cette pratique initiatique dont on relève les éléments symboliques s'incrit au sein d'un processus de réception du christianisme par des Inuit nomades dans des régions encore non investies par les missionnaires. De manière prospective, l'article propose d'approfondir la réflexion sur le rôle des oiseaux dans la sphère religieuse inuit ainsi que sur les rapports complexes qui relient santé et religion, guérison et conversion.
"For Herod had arrested John" (Matt. 14:3): Making sense of an unresolved flashback
Authors: Donaldson Terence L.
Published: January 2010

In both Matthew and Mark, John's death is presented as a flashback, providing the necessary background for Herod's musings about John redivivus. Unlike Mark, however, Matthew does not return to the narrative present; the next event follows in temporal sequence not with Herod's statement but with John's death. Traditional methods of interpretation are able to explain how this narratological solecism came about. But what sense can we make of it as readers? Making use of appropriate elements of narrative and reader-response criticism, this paper will explore the possible effect of this unresolved flashback on the experience of reading.
The construction of pedagogical spaces: Religious studies in the university
Authors: Juschka Darlene M.
Published: January 2010

In the 1960s "identity" played a significant role in the creation and formation of several university departments, for example, African-American Studies, Women's Studies and Religious Studies. In the 1990s the category of "identity" and the politics surrounding it have proven to be limiting factors in the maintenance and even survival of these same departments. This article analyzes the implications of identity politics for Religious Studies and considers the possibilities for the survival of Religious Studies under the conditions of late capitalism.
Religious studies in Ontario, 1992 to 1999: State-of-the-art update
Authors: Remus Harold
Published: January 2010

This revised version of a paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Society for the Study of Religion (CSSR), University of Ottawa, May 1998, offers an update of certain aspects of Religious Studies in Ontario: A State-of-the-Art Review (1992), co-authored by Harold Remus, William Closson James and Daniel Fraikin.
Tillich lecteur de Troeltsch
Authors: Richard Jean
Published: January 2010

Plus d'une fois, Tillich a livré ses réflexions sur l'oeuvre de Troeltsch. Il y reconnaît quatre grands axes: la théologie, la philosophie de la religion, la philosophie sociale et la philosophie de l'histoire. À partir de ces indications, l'article qui suit entend présenter la vision qu'avait Tillich de son «maître», et ouvrir la voie d'une recherche ultérieure.
Unified Government, Bill Approval, and the Legislative Weight of the President
Authors: Alemán Eduardo , Calvo Ernesto
Published: January 2010

This article proposes a new approach to measuring the legislative weight of the president and Congress based on the approval of each actor’s legislative agenda. The authors focus on presidential systems where presidents possess both formal authority to introduce their own bills and a variety of prerogatives to influence the passage of legislation. The authors argue that the legislative weight of the president varies over time in response to contextual political variables. After devising a general model to measure changes in the legislative weight of the president vis-à-vis Congress, the authors empirically test their propositions using data from Argentina. The results indicate that the policy and productivity weights of the president actually increase in the absence of unified government.
The influence of union membership status on workers’ willingness to participate in joint consultation
Authors: Cregan Christina , Brown Michelle
Published: January 2010

This study investigates the willingness of workers in a unionized environment to participate in a joint consultation committee (JCC). It focuses on the differences between union members and non-members. We derived hypotheses from a consumer services theoretical approach to participation in collective activities. Using hierarchical regression, we analysed the survey responses of 1456 employees in a large Australian public sector organization. Members were more willing to participate in the JCC the more they expected instrumental outcomes and the more they valued discussion of issues that lay outside collective bargaining. They were less willing to participate the more they valued discussions about issues normally dealt with in union-based negotiations. Non-members were more willing to participate, the more they expected the JCC to result in democratic representation.
Modeling and Simulation of Nuclear Medicine Patient Service Management in DEVS
Authors: Pérez Eduardo , Ntaimo Lewis , Bailey Carla , McCormack Peter
Published: January 2010

Increased demand for specialized healthcare services has been identified as one of the causes of increased healthcare costs in the US. Nuclear medicine, a sub-specialty of radiology, uses relatively new technology to diagnose and treat patients. Procedures (tests) in nuclear medicine require the use of radiopharmaceuticals with a limited half-life and involve several steps that are constrained by strict time windows and require multiple resources for completion. Consequently, managing patient service in nuclear medicine is a very challenging problem that has received very little research attention. In this paper, we present a discrete event system specification (DEVS) simulation model for nuclear medicine patient service management that considers both patient and management perspectives. DEVS is a formal modeling and simulation framework based on dynamical systems theory and provides well-defined concepts for coupling components, hierarchical and modular model construction, and an object-oriented substrate supporting repository reuse. We report on simulation results based on historical data using both patient and management performance measures. The results provide useful insights regarding the management of patient service in nuclear medicine. While this work focuses on nuclear medicine, results will find generality in other healthcare settings.
Capitalism, Valorization and the Political Economy of Ecological Crisis
Authors: Strange Gerard
Published: January 2010

This article highlights valorization through commodification as a process specific to and defining of the capitalist mode of production as the key dynamic to ecological crisis. It goes on to review recent Marxist scholarship on the political economy of ecological crisis and provides a critical assessment of the work of James O'Connor that draws on the work of Andre Gorz.
Re-valorizing Rubbish: Some Critical Reflections on ‘Green’ Product Strategies
Authors: Maycroft Neil
Published: January 2010

This article critically engages with green product strategies propounded by various radical designers and environmentalists. The beneficial environmental effects expected from adopting such strategies are critiqued by locating them within the political ecology of capitalisl social relations.
The Expansion of Capital and Uneven Development on a World Scale
Authors: Weeks John
Published: January 2010

This paper explains the divergence among countries in level of development in terms of primary and secondary uneven development, both resulting from the process of accumulation. Primary uneven development arises because of the more dynamic expansion of capitalist countries relatively to countries in which capitalism is incipient. This difference is inherent in the social relations of capital. Secondary uneven development occurs within the group of predominantly capitalist countries, due to competition and adoption of technical innovations within the social relations of capital. The former generates divergence; the latter exhibits a cyclical pattern of convergence and divergence, with convergence the long term tendency.
The condition of labour—a retrospect
Authors: Nichols Theo
Published: January 2010

The publication of the first issue of Capital & Class belongs to much the same period that saw the publication of Living with Capitalism, which was written by Huw Beynon and myself (Nichols and Beynon 1977) and which was the product of a research team that also included Peter Armstrong and Martyn Nightingale. I recently re-read the book, 30 years after the fieldwork began.
Shop stewards' leadership, left-wing activism and collective workplace union organisation
Authors: Darlington Ralph
Published: January 2010

Providing an account of the dynamic interrelationship between shop steward leadership and membership interaction, Ralph Darlington focuses particular attention on the much-neglected crucial role that left-wing political activists can play in shaping the nature of collective workplace relations.
Neo-liberalism and labour within the context of an ‘emerging market’ economy— Turkey
Authors: Cam Sürhan
Published: January 2010

It has been long argued by marketeers that neo-liberal reforms benefit the working class. This study suggests, however, that since the outset of the neo-liberal era in Turkey, temporary employment has risen, unionisation has declined, employment prospects have deteriorated and employees' earnings have diminished in real terms. Such developments made Turkey a ‘better’ place for capital. Yet they also caused a growing inequality in overall income distribution, and political unrest across the country.
‘New Labour’, welfare reform and the reserve army of labour
Authors: Grover Dr Chris
Published: January 2010

This paper locates ‘new Labour's' welfare reform agenda in the workfarist shift of recent social policy. In this context it explores the aim of ‘new labour's' welfare reform programme to reconstitute the reserve army of labour so that it is able to fulfil its role in managing economic stability. The emphasis is upon ensuring that labour is as cheap as possible for capital to employ through various direct and indirect wage subsidies and requiring more benefit dependent groups to compete for paid employment.
Exploring landscapes of fear: marginality, spectacle and surveillance
Authors: Gold John R. , Revill George
Published: January 2010

The aim of this paper is to understand the motives and effects of landscape adjustment during a period of heightened security consciousness. In this paper, the authors review aspects of the fear-landscape nexus in relation to the environments of everyday life, past and present, with particular reference to three important themes—marginality, spectacle and surveillance. In so doing this paper charts these three themes and clarifies the terminology of fear in order to identify some of the complementary ground between this term and landscape construction and reproduction.
Fleeing from fear: The changing role of refuges in meeting the needs of women leaving violent partners
Authors: Warrington Molly
Published: January 2010

Media driven interpretations of fear and risk have failed to notify the general public that the most likely victims of violence are females who are attacked by a male partner. Domestic violence is pervasive throughout virtually all cultures, occurring across all social classes, all ethnic groups, and all age groups. Yet the true extent of domestic violence is generally agreed to be unknown. Domestic violence is a private fear and as is shown within this paper the search for sanctuary spaces that are offered by refuges is an important component in the acquisition of safe places. However, this paper examines how the ‘professionalisation’ of some refuges as well as other processes of institutionalisation may have had a negative impact upon the victims of abuse and violence.
Youth, age and the representation of fear
Authors: Pain Rachel
Published: January 2010

In working against media representations of the young as a mindless and violent cabal this paper focuses on young people as victims of harassment and fear. While this reality has been recognised for some time it is clear that the victimhood of young people remains largely absent from public debates. As such it is argued that a process of felon setting against youth reflects the more common positioning of youth by society and the state as feared, out of control, and in need of regulation. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how the production and regulation of young people's space is central to the persistence of this paradox, and reinforced by the continued emphasis on young people as offenders in the policy arena. The paper also draws out the geographies of risk for young people, arguing that dualisms and distinctions between victim/offender, feared/fearful, public/private, and safe/dangerous spaces need to be dismantled, if the complex and multiple position of young people in relation to fear of crime is to be acknowledged and addressed.
Power or counter power?
Authors: Dinerstein Ana C.
Published: January 2010

This paper explores a significant dilemma brought about by the crisis of December 2001 for the Unemployed Workers Movement in Argentina: the construction of a political movement to dispute institutional power or the development of territorial community work directed to the construction of a counter-power. The argument put forward is that the differences between these two projects might represent a false dichotomy. This will require further interrogation on the relationship between the state, the labour movement and the anti-institutional forms of resistance which emerged in December 2001. This is a dilemma for the politics of resistance worldwide.
Snatching defeat from the jaws of victory?
Authors: Morais Lecio , Saad-Filho Alfredo
Published: January 2010

This article explains the context of Lula's election for the Brazilian presidency, and the scope for progressive economic and social change in the country. We argue that although the ruling coalition is on the political left, the new administration is not, and it will face grave difficulties to achieve traditional left objectives, including universal citizenship and greater equality of income and wealth.
Critical remarks on cultural aspects of Asian ghettos in modern Britain
Authors: Husan Rumy
Published: January 2010

This article attempts to draw conclusions from a phenomenon that is generating deep alienation and resentment on the part of young Asians, but is also attracting systematic harassment and violence by racists. Particular, and critical, attention is focused on Asian cultural and religious practices. It argues that not only are much of these oppressive and antithetical to the notion of liberation but, fundamentally, they often lead to bigotry and divisiveness which, in consequence, also weaken the ability to resist racism. The left should, therefore, no longer ignore or tolerate oppression within oppressed communities.
The legacy of Popular Unity: Chile 1973-2003
Authors: Barton Jonathan R.
Published: January 2010

What lessons can be learned from Chile's ‘Road to Socialism’, 1970-73? In contrast to the predominant focus on the undermining of the government by opposition forces (the US administration, domestic and foreign capitalists, the Chilean military and right-wing movements), this short comment highlights the importance of social property and mass mobilisation to the UP programme. It points to the large-scale land redistribution that took place, also the changes in industrial control. The conclusion stresses that the legacy of the UP government should be one of social mobilisation and the possibilities for rapid changes in social relations.
Critical theory in Global Political Economy: Critique? Knowledge? Emancipation?
Authors: Farrands Christopher , Worth Owen
Published: January 2010

This article reviews the number of different ways in which critical theory is applied within International Political Economy (IPE) and argues that, while a great deal of material claims to be ‘critical’, much of it fails to fully scrutinize the traditions of reflexivity and critique that are grounded in the critical tradition. While Cox, the neo-Gramscian ‘turn’ and Frankfurt-inspired accounts have made certain advances for the application of critical thought in IPE, these need to be articulated more explicitly, through a set of principles that allow critical thought to aspire towards a more feasible set of results.
Revolutions from above: Worker training as trasformismo in South Korea
Authors: Moore Phoebe
Published: January 2010

While making very substantial changes to the population's working conditions, government strategies to foster economic development in South Korea have historically attempted to keep worker involvement, in terms of influence on the process, to a bare minimum. Applying the Gramscian concept of passive revolution, this article analyses governance mechanisms and production relations over a history of authoritarianism and up to the contemporary period of democratic reform. Trasformismo, which is a strategy of limited concessions, has been provided via vocational training for workers. Despite this attempt at inclusion, it is concluded that workers have not enjoyed full participation in negotiation for their welfare at any time in Korean history.
The globalisation of care: Filipina domestic workers and care for the elderly in Cyprus
Authors: Panayiotopoulos Prodromos
Published: January 2010

Demographic trends in Europe towards an ageing population and a declining youth cohort point to a scissors effect of high demand for elderly care, but limited supplies of available labour to meet current and projected need. One market-based response by private households is the employment of immigrant women as carers. This article draws from an ethnographic study of a group of Filipina domestic workers employed as carers for elderly people in southern Cyprus, and offers insights into market care and contemporary globalisation. It points to foreign domestic workers as part of a process involving the commoditisation and transfer of important areas of reproductive labour.
There's a new world somewhere: The rediscovery of trade unionism
Authors: Stirling John
Published: January 2010

This article argues that the malaise that has characterised Britain's trade unions since the late-1970s can be located in an international context that also provides possibilities for renewal. It suggests two chronological phases in the response to decline, and then analyses the current debates in relation to partnership and organising. The paper concludes with an assessment of ideas of community unionism and their applicability in the UK.
The denial of history: Reification, intellectual property rights and the lessons of the past
Authors: May Christopher
Published: January 2010

In this article, I examine the impact of the reification of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on the global political economy of information and knowledge. I begin by establishing the central functions that IPRs perform in the global political economy, and then review reification as an analytical tool for the examination of social phenomena. The interrogation of IPRs using the concept of reification raises the issue of the role of anxiety in the politics of knowledge. There are two dimensions of anxiety that need to be accorded some analytical weight in any general discussion of the political problem of IPRs: anxiety about personal welfare, and anxiety about control. Both of these can be readily identified in discussions and disputes about the scope, applicability and costs of IPRs in the global system. This is to say that the reification of intellectual property contributes to the continuing discourse of depoliticisation and technocratic policy-making in this area. Thus, I argue that the reification of intellectual property must be resisted if we are to establish a meaningful global politics of information and knowledge.
Negotiating a coercive turn: Work discipline and prison reform in Ontario
Authors: McElligott Greg
Published: January 2010

Prisons and crime are still widely seen as concerning fields of state action that are distinct from social or labour-market policy. This article looks at the way neoconservative attacks on the remnants of the Keynesian welfare state reflect a ‘penal management of poverty’ that blurs such distinctions. This approach presages a dramatically increased role for state and state-contracted coercion aimed at labour and the poor. But such escalations do not happen automatically, and are still vulnerable to effective resistance, as this article will show.
Parallel visions of peer production
Authors: Moore Phoebe , Karatzogianni Athina
Published: January 2010

The ‘parallel visions' proposed by the contributing authors to this issue are intended to challenge the dominant themes of capitalist organisation and production through an in-depth look at peer-to-peer production and the development of software and sharing - a movement which, the authors argue, is based on new visions for value systems, ethics and governance. We have organised their contributions into sections based on the relevant aspects of these economies in order to look into the politics of how these networks are governed, the likelihood of new avenues for worker organisation, and the possibilities for entirely new models of economies that can be classified outside the hegemony of contemporary neoliberal capitalism.
The hacker movement as a continuation of labour struggle
Authors: Dafermos George , Söderberg Johan
Published: January 2010

Examining the way in which capital exploits the volunteer labour of free software developers, this article argues that there is a historical continuity between hackers and labour struggle. The common denominator is their rejection of alienated work practices, which suggests that corporate involvement in the computer underground, far from inhibiting further struggles by hackers, may function as a catalyst for them.
Party Government and the Class Interests of Capital: Conflict over the Steel Industry, 1945–1970
Authors: McEachern D.
Published: January 2010

State theory typically ignores inter-party conflict in securing the class interests of capital in favour of general propositions concerning the state and the logic of accumulation. Such theory must be supplemented by investigation of the specific characteristics of political parties, and their different capacities for the recognition and advancement of the class interests of capital. The example of UK steel nationalisation is used to show how the Labour Party, in certain circumstances, is better able than the Conservative Party to formulate policies which rise above the special interests of fractions of capital to that of the class as a whole.
Voting for Ford: Industrial Democracy and the Control of Labour
Authors: Cressey Peter , MacInnes John
Published: January 2010

‘There has never been such complete democracy in the management of industrial establishments as exists in our shops.’ F.W. Taylor [1]
The state and wage labour
Authors: Cartelier Lysiane
Published: January 2010

This paper is a critical analysis of the concept of the State under capitalism. In part I existing Marxist theories of the state are criticised for their functionalism in separating different instances such as economics and politics. In part II an alternative view of the State as constituting the wage relation is suggested. The wage relation is seen not as an exchange relation between equivalents but as a relation of submission. That is, the possibility of exchange is explained by state control as the mode of socialisation.
The Eighties: A second phase of the crisis?
Authors: Margirier Gilles
Published: January 2010

Capitalist economies have been going through a crisis for almost ten years. There have already been two serious recessions during this period. The first recession marked the beginning of the crisis, the second made it worse.
Imperialism or the beast of the apocalypse
Authors: Lipietz Alain
Published: January 2010

This paper starts with a critique of some biases in the theories of imperialism, dependancy and the international division of labour (IDL) such as holism, functionalism and the primacy of external causes. It is suggested that an analysis based on regimes of accumulation and modes of regulation might avoid these pitfalls. Such an analysis argues that a new IDL is being superimposed upon the old IDL with its characteristic divisions between centre and periphery and between manufactured goods and raw materials. The new IDL is developing along a pattern based on the levels of technology and skill within the labour process, and is leading to a dispersion of both the centre and periphery.
Just haad on a minute there: a rejection of Andre Gorz's ‘Farewell to the Working Class’
Authors: Byrne David
Published: January 2010

Many on the left have welcomed Gorz's book Farewell to the Working Class. This article argues that such enthusiasm is misplaced. Gorz's analysis is seen to rest on a capital-logic approach that denies the possibility of any form of collective proletarian action and hence provides only individualistic solutions. Whilst rejecting Gorz's particular Utopia, the article endorses the development of utopian proposals, where these are collective projects aimed at transforming production and reproduction.