bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring HIV status as a mediator in the relationship of psychological distress with socio-demographic and health related factors in South Africa: findings from the 2012 nationally representative population-based household survey
Authors: Ncitakalo Nolusindiso , Sigwadhi Lovemore Nyasha , Mabaso Musawenkosi , Joska John , Simbayi Leickness
Published: February 2023

Background

Psychological distress as measured by mental disorders like depression and anxiety is more prevalent in people living with HIV (PLHIV) than in the general population. However, the relationship between mental disorders and HIV is complex and bidirectional. Improved understanding of the relationship between mental disorders and HIV is important for designing interventions for this group. This paper explores the interrelationships of psychological distress with HIV and associated socio-demographic and health-related factors.

Methods

This secondary data analysis used the 2012 South African population-based household survey on HIV collected using a cross-sectional multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design. Generalized structural equation modelling (G-SEM) path analysis was used to explore the direct and indirect relationships of socio-demographic, health and HIV-related factors with psychological distress as measured by Kessler 10 scale using HIV status as a moderator variable.

Results

A total of 20,083 participants were included in the study, 21.7% reported psychological distress, of whom (32.6%) were HIV positive. In the final path model with HIV status as a moderator, psychological distress was significantly more likely among age group 25–49 years (AOR: 1.4 [95% CI 1.3–1.6]), age 50 years and older, (AOR: 1.4 [95% CI 1.2–1.6]), females (AOR: 1.6 [95% CI 1.4–1.8]), high risk drinkers (AOR: 1.9 [1.6–2.2]) hazardous drinkers (AOR: 4.4 [95% CI 3.1–6.3]), ever tested for HIV (AOR: 1.2 [95% CI 1.1–1.3]). Psychological distress was significantly less likely among the married [AOR: 0.8 (0.7–0.9)], other race groups [AOR: 0.5 (0.5–0.6)], those with secondary level education (AOR: 0.9 [95% CI 0.8–0.9]), and tertiary level education (AOR: 0.7 [95% CI 0.6–0.9]), those from rural informal [AOR: 0.8 (0.7–0.9)], and rural formal [AOR: 0.8 (0.7–0.9)] areas and those who rated their health as excellent/good [AOR: 0.4 (0.4–0.5)].

Conclusion

The findings highlight the importance of designing tailored interventions targeted at psychological distress among PLHIV especially the elderly, females, those with no education and / or low education attainment and those residing in informal urban areas.
Manual therapies in cystic fibrosis care: a scoping review
Authors: Sposato Sinderholm Niklas , Bjerså Kristofer
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To review the use of manual therapies (MT) for pain, respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis (CF) care.

Methods

A search with a systematic approach was conducted by two independent reviewers, using the databases Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Cinahl from their respective inception dates to March 2021.

Results

A total of 199 publications were initially screened by title and abstract, after which 190 were excluded. Following a full-text review of the remaining articles, six studies with a total of 234 participants were included. Decreased pain levels following MT were observed in two studies and, in three studies, patient reports on improvement in ease of breathing and peak airflow were presented. No significant effects on spirometry measures were observed and none of the included studies investigated respiratory muscle strength.

Conclusion

Current research on MT in CF care indicates positive trends based on subjective measures. However, research in this context is sparse and disparate in terms of both interventions and methodology. Further investigations including MT as part of multimodal interventions are therefore suggested before any specific recommendations for clinical implementation of MT in CF can be provided.
Facilitating change processes in group-based behaviour change interventions in rural African contexts: practical lessons from Ghana
Authors: Appiah Richard
Published: February 2023

Evidence from implementation research suggests that group-based behaviour change interventions (GBCIs) can encourage the development of peer support, promote psychosocial skills, and facilitate collaborative therapeutic relationships. However, although the mechanisms of action that mediate the behaviour change process have been extensively described in other settings, less is known about the implementation strategies and contextual factors that actuate the reported behaviour changes among programme participants in Ghana and sub-Saharan Africa, more generally. We draw on insights from the literature and field experiences from designing, implementing, and evaluating GBCIs across several rural and peri-urban communities in Ghana to discuss a range of theoretical, methodological, and contextual factors that facilitate the behaviour change process in programme participants. We offer suggestions to guide researchers to envision and manage potential challenges with the programme development and implementation processes. We propose that intervention programmes designed to facilitate health behaviour change in the defined context should (i) have a context-relevant focus, (ii) be coherent and well-structured, (iii) have explicit techniques to facilitate inter-personal and intra-personal change processes, (iv) include appropriate mechanisms to monitor and assess the progress of the interventional sessions; and (v) be implemented by trained facilitators with a deep knowledge of the sociocultural values and norms of the target group and of the principles and theories underlying the intervention programme. We envisage that these insights could serve to guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of contextually-tailored and potentially effective GBCIs that align with the needs, capacities, and circumstances of the local population.
Retrospective analysis of 131 feline uroliths from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (2010-2020)
Authors: Ortega Cristina J. , Stavroulaki Evangelia M. , Lawlor Amanda , Lulich Jody , Cuq Benoit
Published: February 2023

Background

The proportions of different urolith types have not been investigated in cats from the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and Northern Ireland (NI) previously. The objective of this study was to investigate the proportions of different feline urolith types submitted to Minnesota Urolith Center from the ROI and NI from 2010 to 2020. An additional aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors associated with each urolith type in cats in this geographic area.

Results

One hundred and thirty-one uroliths were submitted for the studied period with 44.3% being struvite, 43.5% calcium oxalate and 7.6% compound. Only 11 uroliths were submitted in the first 4 years. The number of submissions increased after 2015, peaking in 2019 with 25 submissions. Due to low numbers no conclusions could be made about changes in incidence of urolith types over time. Cats ≤7 years of age were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with struvite uroliths (OR, 2.87 [1.37-6.06]; p = 0.007) while cats ≥7 years of age with calcium oxalate uroliths (OR, 2.67, [1.29-5.37], p = 0.004).

Conclusions

This is the first epidemiologic study of urolithiasis from cats in the ROI and NI. The most prevalent types of uroliths in our study population were struvite and calcium oxalate. Due to the low number of urolith submissions, changes in the incidence of different uroliths could not be accurately determined. Increasing age was associated with calcium oxalate formation while younger cats were more commonly diagnosed with struvite urolithiasis which can be medically dissolved. Therefore, urolith dissolution is more likely to be successful in young cats than older cats.
Health trajectories across the work exit transition in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s: the role of working conditions and policy
Authors: van der Noordt Maaike , van Tilburg Theo G. , van der Pas Suzan , Wouterse Bram , Deeg Dorly J. H.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

We examined health trajectories of Dutch older workers across their exit from the workforce in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s, testing the hypothesis that pre-post-exit health trajectories of workers with favourable and unfavourable working conditions increasingly diverged over time due to policy measures to extend working life.

Methods

The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam includes baseline samples in 1992/1993, 2002/2003 and 2012/2013 with two 3-year follow-up waves each. Selected respondents were aged 55 years and over who exited from a paid job within the first or second 3-year interval, up to and including the statutory retirement age (N = 522). Pre-post-exit trajectories were modelled using Generalized Estimating Equations with outcomes self-rated health and physical limitations and determinants physical demands, psychosocial demands, and psychosocial resources.

Results

Average work exit age rose from 60.7 in the 1990s to 62.9 in the 2010s. On average, self-rated health decreased somewhat over successive periods and did not show pre-post-exit change; average physical limitations increased substantially both over successive periods and from pre- to post-exit. No support is found for our hypothesis. However, regardless of work exposures, we found sharp pre-post-exit increases in physical limitations in the 2010s.

Conclusion

Although these findings provide no support for our hypothesis of diverging health trajectories over time based on work exposure, they show that exiting at a higher age is linked to poorer pre- and post-exit health and to pre-post-exit increases in physical limitations, suggesting greater health care costs in the near future.
Hypoxia-associated circPRDM4 promotes immune escape via HIF-1α regulation of PD-L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Zhi-Qiang , Zuo Xue-Liang , Cai Juan , Zhang Yao , Han Guo-Yong , Zhang Long , Ding Wen-Zhou , Wu Jin-Dao , Wang Xue-Hao
Published: February 2023

Background

Hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer, and is closely intertwined with tumor immune evasion. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in tumor response to immune checkpoint blockades. However, hypoxia-associated circRNAs that orchestrate the association between hypoxia and response to immunotherapy remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed to determine the roles of hypoxia-associated circRNAs in immune escape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.

Methods

Differentially expressed hypoxia-associated circRNAs were determined using high-throughput sequencing technology. HCC patients treated with PD-1 blockade were enrolled to assess the clinical significance of circPRDM4. RT-qPCR, western blotting, flow cytometry, T cell-mediated tumor cell killing assay, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were used to investigate the roles of circPRDM4 in immune escape of HCC cells in vitro. Patient-derived xenograft mouse models and adoptive human tumor infiltrating lymphocyte-CD8+ T cell transfer were adopted to evaluate the effects of circPRDM4 in vivo. RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, chromatin isolation by RNA purification, dual-luciferase reporter assays, dot blotting, DNA in situ hybridization, and immunoprecipitation were utilized to examine the interaction between circPRDM4, HIF-1α, and CD274 promoter.

Results

We identified circPRDM4 as a hypoxia-associated circRNA in HCC. circPRDM4 was upregulated in responders to PD-1 blockade and associated with therapeutic efficacy. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that circPRDM4 induced PD-L1 expression and promoted CD8+ T cell-mediated immune escape under hypoxic conditions. Mechanistically, circPRDM4 acted as a scaffold to recruit HIF-1α onto CD274 promoter, and cemented their interaction, ultimately promoting the HIF-1α-mediated transactivation of PD-L1.

Conclusions

These findings illustrated that circPRDM4 promoted immune escape of HCC cells by facilitating the recruitment of HIF-1α onto the promoter of CD274 under hypoxia, thereby inhibiting CD8+ T cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. This work may provide a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic candidate for HCC immunotherapy.
Differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with grade 3a and grades 1–2 follicular lymphoma: a real-world multicenter study
Authors: Zha Jie , Chen Qinwei , Ye Jingjing , Yu Haifeng , Yi Shuhua , Zheng Zhong , Xu Wei , Li Zhifeng , Ping Lingyan , He Xiaohua , Zhang Liling , Li Caixia , Xie Ying , Chen Feili , Sun Xiuhua , Su Liping , Zhang Huilai , Fan Liyuan , Lin Zhijuan , Yang Haiyan , Zhao Weili , Qiu Lugui , Li Zhiming , Song Yuqin , Xu Bing
Published: February 2023

Background

The difference between clinical characteristics and outcomes between follicular lymphoma grade 1–2 (FL1-2) and FL3a defined pathologically remains unclear, resulting in uncertainty how to treat FL3a. However, it may be crucial for clinicians to discriminate grade 3a and grade 1–2 for predicting prognosis and thus making treatment decisions.

Methods

We compared 1403 patients with FL1-2 and 765 patients with FL3a diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2020 from fifteen centers nationwide in China to describe differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Results

Compared with FL1-2 patients, FL3a subgroup had a higher percentage of elderly patients (P = 0.003), and relatively more FL3a patients presented with increased levels of LDH (P < 0.0001) and higher Ki-67 indexs greater than 30% (P < 0.001). More FL3a patients were treated with CHOP ± R (P < 0.0001), and fewer were treated with the watchful-waiting approach (P < 0.0001). The results showed a higher incidence of relapse among FL3a patients, in which more patients underwent histological transformation (HT) when compared to FL1-2 (P = 0.003). 1470 (76.2%) patients of the entire cohort received R-CHOP therapy; survival analysis revealed that FL3a patients had a worse progression-free survival (PFS) rate than FL1-2 patients. Survival of FL3a patients with respect to FLIPI showed an inferior PFS in the intermediate and high-risk groups than FL1-2 patients. FL3a patients had a much worse prognosis than FL1-2 with or without progression of disease within 24 months (POD24). FL3a patients had higher likelihood of lymphoma-related death (LRD, P < 0.05), whereas the rates for non-LRD were comparable.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study demonstrates a marked difference in clinical features and outcomes in FL3a patients compared with FL1-2 patients. The results highlight the need for applying therapeutic approaches distinct from FL1-2 when treating FL3a patients.
The role of digital technologies in supporting quality improvement in Australian early childhood education and care settings
Authors: Hatzigianni Maria , Stephenson Tanya , Harrison Linda J. , Waniganayake Manjula , Li Philip , Barblett Lennie , Hadley Fay , Andrews Rebecca , Davis Belinda , Irvine Susan
Published: February 2023

This national study explored the role of digital technologies in early childhood education and care settings and whether they could contribute to quality improvement as reported by educators and assessors of quality in Australia. In this paper, data from Stage 2 of the Quality Improvement Research Project were used, which comprised 60 Quality Improvement Plans from educators linked with 60 Assessment and Rating reports from the assessors who visited early childhood centres as part of the administration of the National Quality Standards by each of Australia’s State and Territory jurisdictions. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory ( Bronfenbrenner, U. (1995).
Developmental ecology through space and time: A future perspective. In P. Moen, G.
H. Elder, Jr., & K. Lüscher (Eds.), Examining lives in context: Perspectives on the ecology
of human development (pp. 619–647). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10176-018; Bronfenbrenner & Ceci, Bronfenbrenner and Ceci, Psychological Review 101:568–586, 1994) was adopted to facilitate a systemic and dynamic view on the use of digital technologies in these 60 ECEC settings. References (e.g. comments/ suggestions/ examples) made by the educators about the implementation of digital technologies were counted and thematically analysed. Results revealed the strong role new technologies (e.g. documentation and management platforms, tablets, apps, etc.) play in the majority of ECEC settings and especially in relation to three of the seven Quality Areas: Educational programme and practice (Quality Area 1); Collaborative partnerships with families and communities (Quality Area 6) and Governance and leadership (Quality Area 7). Future directions for research are suggested and implications for embracing a more holistic, integrated and broad view on the use of digital technologies are discussed.
Exploratory analysis of the effect of a controlled lifestyle intervention on inflammatory markers – the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (cohort 2)
Authors: Koeder Christian , Anand Corinna , Husain Sarah , Kranz Ragna-Marie , Schoch Nora , Alzughayyar Dima , Bitterlich Norman , Hahn Andreas , Englert Heike
Published: February 2023

Background

Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and mortality. The objective of the study was to test the effect of a healthy lifestyle intervention on biomarkers of inflammation (among other risk markers).

Methods

We conducted a non-randomized controlled trial with mostly middle-aged and elderly participants from the general population in rural northwest Germany (intervention: n = 114; control: n = 87). The intervention consisted of a 1-year lifestyle programme focusing on diet (largely plant-based; strongest emphasis), physical activity, stress management, and social support. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was assessed at baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Homocysteine (Hcy) was assessed at baseline, 10 weeks, and 1 year. Adiponectin (Apn) was assessed at baseline and 10 weeks. An exploratory analysis of these inflammatory markers assessing the between-group differences with ANCOVA was conducted.

Results

The 1-year trajectory of hs-CRP was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to control (between-group difference: -0.8 (95% CI -1.2, -0.3) mg/l; p = 0.001; adjusted for baseline). The 1-year trajectory of Hcy was non-significantly higher in the intervention compared to control (between-group difference: 0.2 (95% CI -0.3, 0.7) µmol/l; p = 0.439; adjusted for baseline). From baseline to 10 weeks, Apn decreased significantly more in the intervention group compared to control (between-group difference: -1.6 (95% CI -2.7, -0.5) µg/ml; p = 0.004; adjusted for baseline).

Conclusions

Our study shows that healthy lifestyle changes can lower hs-CRP and Apn levels and are unlikely to significantly affect Hcy levels within 1 year.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; reference: DRKS00018775, registered 12 Sept 2019; retrospectively registered; www.drks.de).
Mechanisms and applications of probiotics in prevention and treatment of swine diseases
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Yuyu , Liu Fei , Mao Yanwei , Zhang Yimin , Zeng Hao , Ren Sufang , Guo Lihui , Chen Zhi , Hrabchenko Nataliia , Wu Jiaqiang , Yu Jiang
Published: February 2023

Probiotics can improve animal health by regulating intestinal flora balance, improving the structure of the intestinal mucosa, and enhancing intestinal barrier function. At present, the use of probiotics has been a research hotspot in prevention and treatment of different diseases at home and abroad. This review has summarized the researchers and applications of probiotics in prevention and treatment of swine diseases, and elaborated the relevant mechanisms of probiotics, which aims to provide a reference for probiotics better applications to the prevention and treatment of swine diseases.
Protocol for a feasibility randomized trial of a social support intervention plus usual care versus usual care, targeting patients treated for cardiac disease who experience loneliness
Authors: Blakø Mitti , Christensen Anne Vinggaard , Højskov Ida Elisabeth , Palm Pernille , Berg Selina Kikkenborg
Published: February 2023

Introduction

In patients treated for cardiac disease, loneliness is known to contribute negatively to health behavior, health outcome, and increase risk of cardiac and all-cause mortality. Even so, in health care research, social support interventional studies targeting patients who experience loneliness are lacking.

Aim

To determine the feasibility of an individually structured social support intervention targeting patients treated for cardiac disease who experience loneliness.

Design

A feasibility study based on randomized clinical trial design with 1:1 randomization to a 6-month social support program, plus usual care (intervention) versus usual care, (i.e., regular guidelines-based follow-up). Intervention: Patients classified as high risk lonely according to the High Risk Loneliness tool will be provided with an informal caregiver in the 6 months rehabilitation phase following cardiac disease treatment. The informal caregiver will be designated by the patient from the existing social network or a peer, depending on patients’ preferences. The core content of the intervention is through nurse consultations at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months, to enhance and reinforce the informal caregiver’s competences to be a social support resource. The theoretical framework of the nurse consultations will be based on middle-range theory of self-care.

Outcome

Feasibility will be evaluated in terms of acceptability and adherence according to predefined feasibility criteria. The preliminary effect of the intervention on patient-reported outcomes, health behaviors, and health outcomes will be evaluated in the intervention and the control group at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.

Discussion

The present study will contribute with knowledge on how to implement a feasible social support intervention targeting patients treated for cardiac disease who experience loneliness and, furthermore, investigate the preliminary effect on health behavior and health outcome in the early rehabilitation period.

Trial registration

The trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05503810) 18.08.2022.
Serum protein S-100B as a novel biomarker of diagnosis and prognosis of childhood epilepsy
Authors: Khamis Mohamed , Din Nahed Salah El , Nada Maha Ali , Afifi Hossam El Din Mahmoud
Published: February 2023

Background

Elevated levels of S-100B in serum are increasingly considered a potential biochemical marker of nervous system damage. To our knowledge, limited number of research studies have tested the serum S-100B protein levels in children with epilepsy. The objective of our study is to measure the serum levels of S-100B protein in pediatric cases with epilepsy.

Results

The mean serum concentration of S-100B protein was 0.135 ± 0.014 mg/L in the patient group and 0.082 ± 0.018 mg/L in the control group. The patients showed significantly high S-100B protein levels compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our data suggest that increased S-100B protein levels in the serum potentially indicate neuronal damage in the brains of children with epilepsy.
The effect of Ramadan fasting on mental health and some hormonal levels in healthy males
Authors: Akan Mustafa , Unal Suheyla , Gonenir Erbay Lale , Taskapan Mehmet Cagatay
Published: February 2023

Background

Millions of Muslims around the world fast during the holy month of Ramadan as a requirement of their religion Islam. Studies have reported varying effects of Ramadan fasting on mental health and various hormones. This study aimed to examine the effects of Ramadan fasting on mental health and plasma Leptin, Ghrelin, Neuropeptide Y (NPY), Growth Hormone levels in healthy individuals, and to evaluate the possible relationship between their hormone values and scale scores. Male healthcare professionals working at a university hospital without any psychiatric disease were included in the study. In the last week before Ramadan and in the first week after Ramadan, participants’ blood samples were taken at 8.00 in the morning after 12 h of fasting, taking into account the release pattern and pulsatile release of these hormones in order to measure plasma Leptin, Ghrelin, NPY and Growth Hormone levels. Simultaneously, a sociodemographic data form, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Scale of Dimensions of Interpersonal Relationships were applied to participants.

Results

The sample of the study included a total of 40 healthcare professionals. Participants’ BSI interpersonal sensitivity and phobic anxiety subscales scores and their general severity and positive symptom distress index scores decreased significantly after Ramadan compared to those measured before Ramadan. (p < 0.001, p = 0.020, p = 0.042, p = 0.006 respectively). Also participants’ ghrelin levels increased significantly after Ramadan compared to those measured before Ramadan (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The effects of Ramadan fasting on mental health may be mediated by some psychoneuroendocrine mechanisms. In order to elucidate these mechanisms that mediate the effect of Ramadan fasting on mental health, there is a need for better-structured studies with larger samples and more variables.
Hidden Histories
Authors: Moultrie Monique
Published: February 2023

In Hidden Histories, Monique Moultrie collects oral histories of Black lesbian religious leaders in the United States to show how their authenticity, social justice awareness, spirituality, and collaborative leadership make them models of womanist ethical leadership. By examining their life histories, Moultrie frames queer storytelling as an ethical act of resistance to the racism, sexism, and heterosexism these women experience. She outlines these women’s collaborative, intergenerational, and leadership styles, and their concerns for the greater good and holistic well-being of humanity and the earth. She also demonstrates how their ethos of social justice activism extends beyond LGBTQ and racialized communities and provides other models of religious and community leadership. Addressing the invisibility of Black lesbian religious leaders in scholarship and public discourse, Moultrie revises modern understandings of how race, gender, and sexual identities interact with religious practice and organization in the twenty-first century.
Cerebral organoids in primary progressive multiple sclerosis reveal stem cell and oligodendrocyte differentiation defect
Authors: Daviaud Nicolas , Chen Eric , Edwards Tara , Sadiq Saud A.
Published: February 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an auto-immune inflammatory disorder affecting the central nervous system. The cause of the disease is unknown but both genetic and environmental factors are implicated in the pathogenesis. We derived cerebral organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) of healthy control subjects as well as from primary progressive MS (PPMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients to better understand the pathologic basis of the varied clinical phenotypic expressions of MS. In MS organoids, most notably in PPMS, we observed a decrease of proliferation marker Ki67 and a reduction of the SOX2+ stem cell pool associated with an increased expression of neuronal markers CTIP2 and TBR1 as well as a strong decrease of oligodendrocyte differentiation. This dysregulation of the stem cell pool is associated with a decreased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. Our findings show that the genetic background of a patient can directly alter stem cell function, provides new insights on the innate cellular dysregulation in MS and identifies p21 pathway as a new potential target for therapeutic strategies in MS.
Hispanic Americans in the Labor Market: Patterns over Time and across Generations
Authors: Antman Francisca M. , Duncan Brian , Trejo Stephen J.
Published: February 2023

This article reviews evidence on the labor market performance of Hispanics in the United States, with a particular focus on the US-born segment of this population. After discussing critical issues that arise in the US data sources commonly used to study Hispanics, we document how Hispanics currently compare with other Americans in terms of education, earnings, and labor supply, and then we discuss long-term trends in these outcomes. Relative to non-Hispanic Whites, US-born Hispanics from most national origin groups possess sizeable deficits in earnings, which in large part reflect corresponding educational deficits. Over time, rates of high school completion by US-born Hispanics have almost converged to those of non-Hispanic Whites, but the large Hispanic deficits in college completion have instead widened. Finally, from the perspective of immigrant generations, Hispanics experience substantial improvements in education and earnings between first-generation immigrants and the second-generation consisting of the US-born children of immigrants. Continued progress beyond the second generation is obscured by measurement issues arising from high rates of Hispanic intermarriage and the fact that later-generation descendants of Hispanic immigrants often do not self-identify as Hispanic when they come from families with mixed ethnic origins.
Risk Appetite and the Risk-Taking Channel of Monetary Policy
Authors: Bauer Michael D. , Bernanke Ben S. , Milstein Eric
Published: February 2023

Monetary policy affects financial markets and the broader economy in part by changing the risk appetite of investors. This article provides new evidence for this so-called risk-taking channel of monetary policy by revisiting and extending event-study analysis of Federal Open Market Committee announcements. We document significant effects of unexpected monetary policy changes on risk indicators drawn from equity, fixed-income, credit, and foreign exchange markets. We develop a new index of risk appetite based on the common component of these indicators. Surprise monetary easing leads to strong and persistent increases in our index, and vice versa for tightening surprises, consistent with the view that monetary policy affects asset prices in large part through its effects on risk appetite. We discuss the implications of the risk-taking channel for monetary policy transmission, optimal monetary policy, and financial stability.
MR angiography facilitates the differentiation of aneurysmal from unicameral bone cysts
Authors: Gruenewald Leon David , Koch Vitali , Gruber-Rouh Tatjana , Thalhammer Axel , Frank Johannes , Marzi Ingo , Booz Christian , Yel Ibrahim , Mahmoudi Scherwin , Bernatz Simon , Laudenberger Isabella , Lingwal Neelam , Vogl Thomas J , Eichler Katrin
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

The objective of this work was to evaluate the incremental value of MR angiography over plain radiographs and MRI for the differentiation of aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) from unicameral bone cysts (UBCs).

Methods:

Thirty-six juvenile patients with histologically secured primary ABCs or UBCs were included in this retrospective study. Two radiologists assessed all obtained images in a blinded fashion using a catalog of previously suggested imaging findings. A second readout with supplementary MR angiography images was performed after 8 weeks to prevent observer recall bias. Diagnostic accuracy parameters were calculated for individual imaging findings, and overall diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic confidence were assessed for all readouts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve comparison was used to determine the incremental value of MR angiography.

Results:

Of 16 imaging features, only abnormal vascularization in MR angiography provided sufficient diagnostic accuracy for the identification of ABCs. Other imaging features such as fluid–fluid levels and internal septations were insufficient for the differentiation of UBCs from ABCs. Availability of MR angiography images significantly increased diagnostic accuracy (94.4 vs 75.0% and 83.3 vs 69.4%, respectively, p < 0.05) and diagnostic confidence (4.5 vs 3.7, p < 0.05) of reading radiologists.

Conclusion:

The presence of arterial feeders in MR angiography can accurately discriminate primary ABCs from UBCs and increases the diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic confidence of reporting radiologists.

Advances in knowledge:

Radiographic differentiation of cystic bone lesions such as ABCs and UBCs remains challenging. We demonstrate that MR angiography provides incremental value and suggest inclusion in standard examination protocols.
A case series of FDG PET scan: hypometabolic lesions that matter in oncology
Authors: Chan Tak Kwong , Ng Koon Kiu , Kung Boom Ting , Au Yong Ting Kun
Published: February 2023

Interpretation of FDG PET images in oncology patients is in general a visual exercise of search for focal increased uptake (hypermetabolism). However, in some cases, hypometabolism (focal decreased uptake) can matter as much as hypermetabolism. We report three cases of FDG PET studies for oncological indications. All of them showed focal hypometabolic lesions suspicious of metastases. The diagnoses were then supported either by histological proof and/or follow-up imaging studies. The importance of being alert to both focal hypermetabolism and focal hypometabolism when interpreting FDG PET images is underscored.
Anthropometric indicators for obesity and its relationship with depressive symptoms: analysis of a Peruvian national survey
Authors: Vera-Ponce Victor Juan , Torres-Malca Jenny Raquel , Guerra Valencia Jamee , Espinoza Rojas Rubén , Zuzunaga-Montoya Fiorella E. , Zeñas-Trujillo Gianella Zulema , Cruz-Ausejo Liliana , De La Cruz-Vargas Jhony A.
Published: February 2023

Background: The association between obesity and depression has been frequently reported. However, it still remains unclear which anthropometric indicators for obesity could be the best measure to explain its linkage with depressive symptoms.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study. Secondary data was analyzed using information from the Demographic and Health Survey of Peru (ENDES in Spanish). Data from the years 2018 to 2021 were reviewed. The outcome of interest was the presence of depressive symptoms, assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The exposure variable was the presence of obesity, which was evaluated by body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (cOR and aOR) were calculated using logistic regression. Both prevalence and association measures were presented with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results: A total of 141,134 subjects were included in the study. Depression was present in 2.51% (95% CI 2.38–2.65). Obesity according to BMI was present in 25.42% (95% CI 24.97–25.88), while abdominal obesity was shown in 41.67% (95% CI 41.19–42.15). In the multivariate analysis, a statistically significant association was found in regard to symptoms of depression in patients with abdominal obesity (aOR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.03–1.24), while no association was found with obesity according to BMI.

Conclusions: Abdominal circumference could be a better anthropometric measure than BMI to evaluate the association between obesity and depressive symptoms in the Peruvian population.
Goji berry (Lycium barbarum) inhibits the proliferation, adhesion, and migration of oral cancer cells by inhibiting the ERK, AKT, and CyclinD cell signaling pathways: an in-vitro study
Authors: Sanghavi Amee , Srivatsa Ananth , Adiga Divya , Chopra Aditi , Lobo Richard , Kabekkodu Shama Prasada , Gadag Shivaprasada , Nayak Usha , Sivaraman Karthik , Shah Ashmeet
Published: February 2023

Background: Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum), popularly referred to as Goji berry, is a promising herb known for its powerful anti-antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating inflammatory and infectious diseases. It has also shown good anti-cancer properties and has been tested against liver, colon, prostate, breast, and cervical cancers. However, no study has yet evaluated the role of goji berries against oral cancer. Hence, the present paper aims to evaluate the anticancer properties of L. barbarum against oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Method: Ethanolic extract of L. barbarum (EELB) was tested for its anticancer properties by performing the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, colony formation, cell proliferation, and scratch wound test. The impact of EELB on the signaling transduction pathways of Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), protein kinase (AKT1), cyclin D1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was also assessed by western blot.

Results: The results showed that EELB can impede CAL-27 cell growth, proliferation and migration in-vitro. It even reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT1 with concomitant downregulation of cyclin D1 (CCND1), cadherin 2 (CDH2), and vimentin (VIM) and upregulation of cadherin 1 (CDH1) expression suggesting its anti-proliferative and anti-EMT effects in oral cancer.

Conclusion: Goji berry has good antiproliferative and anti-invasive properties. It affects potential EMT markers and signaling transduction pathways involved in oral cancers. Hence goji berry can be tried as a potential anticancer agent to manage oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Ocimum sanctum Linn. Ethanolic extract promotes an antiproliferative and apoptosis activity in MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines mediated by upregulation of ROS/RNS, Caspase 9, and Caspase 3: an in silico and in vitro study
Authors: Wihadmadyatami Hevi , Karnati Srikanth , Ergún Suleyman , Kustiati Ulayatul , Tirtosari Dewi Ratih , Kusindarta Dwi Liliek , Tjahjono Yudy
Published: February 2023

Breast cancer is the most serious disease affecting women worldwide. Recently, breast cancer cases reached 2.2 million people. The treatment method is still developing. In addition, the use of herbal medicine as a palliative therapeutic to chemical and/or synthetic drugs is increasing. Ocimum sanctum Linn. is a popular plant in Indonesia and Southeast Asia countries and is also known as an herbal medicinal plant. The study aimed to prove the ability of ethanolic extract Ocimum sanctum Linn. (EEOS) as an antiproliferative against breast cancer. Cytotoxic assay, adhesion assay, and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) production determined in MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell. Furthermore, SEM is applied to visualize cell morphology. In addition, molecular docking is also performed. The result shows EEOS inhibited the proliferation and adhesion of the MCF7 and T47D cells line. Surface morphology showed that MCF7 and T47D tend to be apoptotic (cells turned rougher, gritty, and blebbing). EEOS also increased RNS production. Molecular docking describes the phytochemical compounds on the EEOS (gallic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and apigenin) interacted with the caspase-3 and caspase-9. In conclusion, EEOS can inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines that correlate with upregulated RNS production, as well as the expression of Caspase 3 and Caspase 9.
Self-empowerment of life through RNA networks, cells and viruses
Authors: Villarreal Luis , Witzany Guenther
Published: February 2023

Our understanding of the key players in evolution and of the development of all organisms in all domains of life has been aided by current knowledge about RNA stem-loop groups, their proposed interaction motifs in an early RNA world and their regulative roles in all steps and substeps of nearly all cellular processes, such as replication, transcription, translation, repair, immunity and epigenetic marking. Cooperative evolution was enabled by promiscuous interactions between single-stranded regions in the loops of naturally forming stem-loop structures in RNAs. It was also shown that cooperative RNA stem-loops outcompete selfish ones and provide foundational self-constructive groups (ribosome, editosome, spliceosome,etc.). Self-empowerment from abiotic matter to biological behavior does not just occur at the beginning of biological evolution; it is also essential for all levels of socially interacting RNAs, cells and viruses.
Qualitative data sharing practices in clinical trials in the UK and Ireland: towards the production of good practice guidance
Authors: McCarthy Megan , Gillies Katie , Rousseau Nikki , Wade Julia , Gamble Carrol , Toomey Elaine , Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Sydes Matthew , Dowling Maura , Bryant Val , Biesty Linda , Houghton Catherine
Published: February 2023

Background: Data sharing enables researchers to conduct novel research with previously collected datasets, thus maximising scientific findings and cost effectiveness, and reducing research waste. The value of sharing, even de-identified, quantitative data from clinical trials is well recognised with a moderated access approach recommended. While substantial challenges to sharing quantitative data remain, there are additional challenges for sharing qualitative data in trials. Incorporating the necessary information about how qualitative data will be shared into already complex trial recruitment and consent processes proves challenging. The aim of this study was to explore whether and how trial teams share qualitative data collected as part of the design, conduct, analysis, or delivery of clinical trials.

Methods: Phase 1 involved semi-structured, in-depth qualitative interviews and focus groups with key trial stakeholder groups including trial managers and clinical trialists (n=3), qualitative researchers in trials (n=9), members of research funding bodies (n=2) and trial participants (n=1). Data were analysed using thematic analysis. In Phase 2, we conducted a content analysis of 16 participant information leaflets (PIL) and consent forms (CF) for trials that collected qualitative data.

Results: Three key themes were identified from our Phase 1 findings: ‘Understanding and experiences of the potential benefits of sharing qualitative data from trials’, ‘Concerns about qualitative data sharing’, and ‘Future guidance and funding’. In phase 2, the PILs and CFs received revealed that the benefits of data sharing for participants were only explained in two of the study documents.

Conclusions: The value of sharing qualitative data was acknowledged, but there are many uncertainties as to how, when, and where to share this data. In addition, there were ethical concerns in relation to the consent process required for qualitative data sharing in trials. This study provides insight into the existing practice of qualitative data sharing in trials.
Transcranial direct current stimulation with functional magnetic resonance imaging: a detailed validation and operational guide
Authors: Nardo Davide , Creasey Megan , Negus Clive , Pappa Katerina , Aghaeifar Ali , Reid Alphonso , Josephs Oliver , Callaghan Martina F. , Crinion Jenny T.
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique used to modulate human brain and behavioural function in both research and clinical interventions. The combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with tDCS enables researchers to directly test causal contributions of stimulated brain regions, answering questions about the physiology and neural mechanisms underlying behaviour. Despite the promise of the technique, advances have been hampered by technical challenges and methodological variability between studies, confounding comparability/replicability.

Methods: Here tDCS-fMRI at 3T was developed for a series of experiments investigating language recovery after stroke. To validate the method, one healthy volunteer completed an fMRI paradigm with three conditions: No-tDCS, Sham-tDCS, Anodal-tDCS. MR data were analysed with region-of-interest (ROI) analyses of the electrodes and reference site.

Results: Quality assessment indicated no visible signal dropouts or distortions in the brain introduced by the tDCS equipment. After modelling scanner drift, motion-related variance, and temporal autocorrelation, we found that functional MR sensitivity was not degraded or adversely affected by the tDCS set-up and stimulation protocol across conditions in grey matter and in the three ROIs.

Discussion: Key safety factors and risk mitigation strategies that must be taken into consideration when integrating tDCS into an fMRI environment are outlined. To obtain reliable results, we provide practical solutions to technical challenges and complications of the method. It is hoped that sharing these data and Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) will promote methodological replication in future studies, enhancing the quality of tDCS-fMRI application, and improve the reliability of scientific results in this field.

Conclusions: Our method and data provide a technically safe, reliable tDCS-fMRI procedure to obtain high quality MR data. The detailed framework of the SOP systematically reports the technical and procedural elements of our tDCS-fMRI approach, which can be adopted and prove useful in future studies.
Methodical Aspect of the Accounting the Production Expenses
Authors: Polenova S.
Published: February 2023

In article are considered some questions of the accounting the expenses on production of the product, work, services, when use allowed FSBU 5/2019 «Spares» of ways of the estimation unachieved production and finished products.
PRODUCTION RISKS IN THE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: WESTERN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Minchenkova O. , Minchenkova A. , Fedorova N. , Fedorov A.
Published: February 2023

The growing role of organizations in promoting risk management in production indicates their desire to improve the working conditions of personnel and control all risks. Personnel costs represent investments, not costs, that facilitate management in the direction of preventing risks associated with the business. This includes the definition of responsibilities and organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures and resources for the development, implementation, implementation, revision and maintenance of policies to prevent industrial risks.

Improving the working conditions of personnel and environmental protection should be considered as important practical goals that can be achieved through measures such as risk factors control; adaptation of equipment and labor tools appropriate to human capabilities; changes in the organization, maintenance and control of labor; environmental monitoring and education. Risk assessment should be a dynamic process. For this, each enterprise, in accordance with the legislation, should develop a system for preventing industrial risks, the purpose of which is to promote the safety and health of employees by applying appropriate measures and procedures necessary for the continuous identification of hazards, risk assessment and implementation of necessary control measures.
GENDER FEATURES OF LEADERSHIP THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE THEORY OF SOCIAL REGULATORS
Authors: Malyavin S.
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the issues of gender characteristics of the leadership. Based on the analysis of the works of classics of psychological and sociological science, as well as relying on secondary data from empirical studies of modern scientists, the author shows that gender differences take place, however, it has not been established whether they are fully gender, i.e. developed ultimately under the influence of socialization or «children’s complexes,» «archetypes,» stereotypes.» Or it may be the result of a typical expected reaction by others to the behavior of male and female leaders. And their ability to give the right answer to the challenge of the environment is the ability to be a leader. And it doesn’t matter who you are a man or a woman.