bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical Properties of Cementitious Systems: Formation Factor Determination and the Influence of Conditioning Procedures
Authors: Spragg R. , Villani C. , Weiss J.
Published: March 2016

The number of people wanting to use electrical tests to determine the transport properties of concrete has increased with advancements in the portability of hand-held testing devices. Electrical measurements are an attractive test method to quantify transport properties of cement-based materials since they can be performed rapidly. There is a high potential for using these tests in quality control or mixture qualification. However, electrical measurements can be significantly influenced by curing and storage conditions, which can impact the degree of saturation, degree of hydration, sample temperature, and pore solution chemistry. This study proposed a general equation that described the electrical resistivity measurements in cementitious systems and possible methods to account for some of these conditioning-induced changes. It is proposed that these tests are useful in the determination of the formation factor, a numerical quantification that describes the microstructure. A comparison of the formation factor obtained from rapid electrical measurements using the Nernst-Einstein relationship was compared to a migration test with the goal of proposing a curing methodology for rapid electrical tests that allows for the determination of a true transport property.
Influences on the Carbon Preform Porosity and Microstructure Evolution of MiCaSiC Ceramics Manufactured by the Liquid Silicon Infiltration (LSI) Process
Authors: Weber Steffen , Jemmali Raouf , Koch Dietmar
Published: March 2016

In the present study, the feasibility of the production of silicon carbide based ceramics via liquid silicon infiltration process (LSI-process) was demonstrated. The manufactured MiCaSiC ceramics (metal infiltrated carbon based silicon carbide) were based on novel raw material compositions. For these material compositions, activated carbon, carbon fibers, and a sinterable pitch based semi-coke were used as fillers and source of a sufficiently stable carbon backbone in the carbonized intermediate state. Different binder agents were used for the compound and feedstock development and basically compared. This involves thermoplastic and duroplastic binders, which promote the use of two different shaping methods (warm pressing and extrusion process). This allows the formation of highly porous and complex shaped carbon preforms for further silicon infiltration. The main focus of the present study was to evaluate the impact of debinding and pyrolysis process step on the preform microstructure. That includes the determination and quantification of matrix and porosity evolution in carbon preforms. The defined formation of porosity during pyrolysis is a key parameter for subsequent silicon infiltration. In this context, pore structure formation of carbon preforms as well as porosity and microstructural characteristics of carbon preforms, and the resulting MiCaSiC ceramics were investigated by means of computer tomography (CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and porosity measurements. It was shown that pore structure formation and pore content in carbon preform stage was significantly influenced by the thermal decomposition behavior of the preferred binder agents. Furthermore, the microstructure development after pyrolysis was basically affected by the homogenization rate of the material composition as well as material flow kinematics during shaping process.
Men of Tang among Fanren
Authors: Torres-Rouff David
Published: March 2016

Scholars have chronicled the racialization of American Chinese and the trailing consequences for local racial hierarchies and national immigration policy. In this essay, I instead explore how American Chinese understood themselves in terms of race, and how they reckoned other Angelenos' social identities. This is the first step in a necessary effort to broaden our sense of Chinese immigrants as subjects rather than objects when we address issues of race and history during the nineteenth century. Attempting to piece together an American Chinese racial worldview, this essay tacks back and forth between several bodies of published scholarship and archival research focused on Chinese legal activism and testimony in Los Angeles during the 1870s and 1880s. Immigrants from the Pearl River Delta left a place where boundaries among local groups had become racialized even as most locals held similar, categorically negative, racialized views of European-descended people. American Chinese, like others in the broad Pacific Chinese diaspora, carried with them to North America specific institutions that nurtured the maintenance of a variegated racial landscape. I argue that although American Chinese in Los Angeles remained connected to these racial identities on multiple levels, they nevertheless built economic and social relationships across this racial divide.
Cardenismo e indigenismo en Michoacán
Authors: Dávila Lorena Ojeda , Mólgora Marco Antonio Calderón
Published: March 2016

Este texto aborda las contradicciones generadas en torno a los proyectos gubernamentales que proponían la asimilación vs. la integración de los grupos indígenas a la nación mexicana. Analiza las políticas indigenistas de mayor impacto en Michoacán bajo el cardenismo, enfatizando las particularidades y tensiones derivadas de la implementación de la reforma agraria y los proyectos educativos y “civilizatorios” en la región. Especial atención merecen los Proyectos Tarascos antropológico y lingüístico como ejemplos de colaboración académica –y política– entre instituciones y agencias mexicanas y estadounidenses de alto nivel.

This text approaches the contradictions generated by and surrounding the governmental projects that proposed the assimilation vs. the integration of indigenous groups in Mexican national society. The article analyses the indigenist policies with the greatest impact on Michoacán under Cardenism, emphasizing the specific tensions derived from the implementation of agrarian reforms and educational and “civilizing” projects in the region. Special attention is given to the anthropological and linguistic Tarasco Projects as examples of academic collaboration—and political collaboration—between high-level Mexican and US institutions and agencies.
Physical and Psychological Morbidity in Adolescents With Atypical Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Sawyer Susan M. , Whitelaw Melissa , Le Grange Daniel , Yeo Michele , Hughes Elizabeth K.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Adolescents with atypical anorexia nervosa (AN) have lost significant weight but are not underweight. This study aimed to describe the physical and psychological morbidity of adolescents diagnosed with atypical AN, and to compare them with underweight adolescents with AN.

METHODS:

All first presentations of atypical AN (n = 42) and full-threshold AN (n = 118) to a specialist pediatric eating disorder program between July 2010 and June 2014 were examined. Diagnosis was assessed by using the Eating Disorder Examination and anthropometric measurement. Psychological morbidity measures included eating and weight concerns, bingeing, purging, compulsive exercise, and psychiatric comorbidity.

RESULTS:

Compared with AN, more adolescents with atypical AN were premorbidly overweight or obese (71% vs 12%). They had lost more weight (17.6 kg vs 11.0 kg) over a longer period (13.3 vs 10.2 months). There was no significant difference in the frequency of bradycardia (24% vs 33%;) or orthostatic instability (43% vs 38%). We found no evidence of a difference in frequency of psychiatric comorbidities (38% vs 45%) or suicidal ideation (43% vs 39%). Distress related to eating and body image was more severe in atypical AN.

CONCLUSIONS:

Atypical AN considerably affects physical and psychological functioning, despite adolescents presenting within or above the normal weight range. There was little evidence that the morbidity of adolescents with atypical AN was any less severe than that of adolescents with full-threshold AN. The findings support the need for vigilance around weight loss in adolescents, regardless of body size.
IL-12 Family Cytokines: General Characteristics, Pathogenic Microorganisms, Receptors, and Signalling Pathways
Authors: Behzadi Payam , Behzadi Elham , Ranjbar Reza
Published: March 2016

Among a wide range of cytokines, the Interleukin 12 (IL-12) family has its unique structural, functional, and immunological characteristics that have made this family as important immunological playmakers. Because of the importance of IL-12 heterodimeric cytokines in microbial infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers, the authors of this literature discuss about the general characteristics of IL-12 family members, the interactions between IL-12 cytokines and pathogenic microorganisms, the interleukins receptors and their strategies for selecting different signalling pathways. IL-12 and IL-23 are similar in p40 subunits and both are involved in proinflammatory responses while, IL-27 and IL-35 contribute to anti-inflammatory activities; however, IL-27 is also involved in pro-inflammatory responses. There are some similarities and dissimilarities among IL-12 family members which make them a unique bridge between innate and adaptive immune systems. The bioactivities of IL-12 family indicate a brilliant promise for their applications in different fields of medicine. The members of IL-12 family are candidate for several therapeutics including gene therapy, cancer therapy, tumour therapy, and vaccination. To have an accurate diagnostic technique and definite treatment regarding to infectious diseases, the playmakers of IL-12 family as effective criteria together with microarray technology are the best choices for current and future applications.
Comparison of Molecular and Phenotypic Methods for the Detection and Characterization of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Somily Ali M. , Garaween Ghada A. , Abukhalid Norah , Absar Muhammad M. , Senok Abiola C.
Published: March 2016

In recent years, there has been a rapid dissemination of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). This study aimed to compare phenotypic and molecular methods for detection and characterization of CRE isolates at a large tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. This study was carried out between January 2011 and November 2013 at the King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) in Saudi Arabia. Determination of presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenem resistance was in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Phenotypic classification was done by the MASTDISCSTM ID inhibitor combination disk method. Genotypic characterization of ESBL and carbapenemase genes was performed by the Check-MDR CT102. Diversilab rep-PCR was used for the determination of clonal relationship. Of the 883 ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae detected during the study period, 14 (1.6%) isolates were carbapenem resistant. Both the molecular genotypic characterization and phenotypic testing were in agreement in the detection of all 8 metalo-beta-lactamases (MBL) producing isolates. Of these 8 MBL-producers, 5 were positive for blaNDM gene and 3 were positive for blaVIM gene. Molecular method identified additional blaOXA gene isolates while MASTDISCSTM ID detected one AmpC producer isolate. Both methods agreed in identifying 2 carbapenem resistant isolates which were negative for carbapenemase genes. Diversilab rep-PCR analysis of the 9 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates revealed polyclonal distribution into eight clusters. MASTDISCSTM ID is a reliable simple cheap phenotypic method for detection of majority of carbapenemase genes with the exception of the blaOXA gene. We recommend to use such method in the clinical laboratory.
Nuevos resultados de la revisión taxonómica de los géneros Palicourea y Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae) en Cuba
Authors: Borhidi A. L. , Oviedo-Prieto R. , Fernández-Zequeira M.
Published: March 2016

The authors carried out a taxonomic study and revised and identified about 7,000 herbarium sheets of the genera Palicourea and Psychotria preserved in the collections of the Academy of Sciences of Cuba (HAC) and of the National Botanical Garden of Cuba (HAJB) with the purpose to complete the manuscript in preparation for the volume of the Rubiaceae Family of the Flora of Cuba. The results are as follows: Recognized 20 species of the genus Palicourea and 59 species of Psychotria. Revalidated 4 species new to the Flora of Cuba: Palicourea brachystigma Urb., Psychotria brevinodis Urb., Psychotria earlei Urb. and Psychotria tubulocubensis Govaerts. Established 3 new combinations: Palicourea ekmanii (Urb.) Borhidi et Oviedo, Palicourea odorata (Wr. ex Griseb.) Borhidi et Oviedo and Psychotria costivenia subsp. clementis (Britt.) Borhidi et Oviedo. Recognized and described 9 species and 1 subspecies of the genus Psychotria new to science: P. bissei Borhidi et Oviedo, P. brittonii Oviedo et Borhidi, P. ermitensis Borhidi et Oviedo, P. cromophila Oviedo et Borhidi, P. oblongicarpa Borhidi et Oviedo, P. pulchrinervis Borhidi et Oviedo, P. reflexiloba Borhidi et Oviedo, Psychotria reflexipes Borhidi et Oviedo, Psychotria rubens Borhidi et Oviedo, Psychotria costivenia subsp. wrightiana Borhidi et Oviedo. Following the concept of C. W. Hamilton (1989) recognised 10 species groups, 5 of them identical with the described ones from Mexico and Central America: the carthagenensis group with 4 species, the costivenia group with 10 species, the graciliflora group with 9 species, the nervosa group with 3 and the tenuifolia group with 1 species. Furthermore, the authors established 5 new groups, characteristic for the Greater Antillean flora: cathetoneura group with 4 species, the evenia group with 7 species, the lasiophthalma group with 4 species, the revoluta group with 10 species and the shaferi group with 9 species.
Three foliicolous taxa of Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta) new to India from Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Authors: Dey M. , Singh D. K.
Published: March 2016

Three liverworts belonging to family Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta), Cololejeunea equialbi, Colura pluridentata and Drepanolejeunea thwaitesiana var. thwaitesiana are being reported as new to Indian flora from Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The diversity and distribution of the genera Cololejeunea, Colura and Drepanolejeunea in India have been discussed.
New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 4
Authors: Kondratyuk S. Y. , Lőkös L. , Halda J. P. , Haji Moniri M. , Farkas E. , Park J. S. , Lee B. G. , Oh S.-O. , Hur J.-S.
Published: March 2016

Data on about 27 new for South Korea species of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi, including one new for science genus Verseghya and 11 new for science species, i.e.: Agominia loekoesii, Lecanora pseudosambuci, Nectriopsis verseghyklarae, Polysporina golubkovae, Protoparmeliopsis zerovii, Psoroglaena chirisanensis, Pyrenopsis chejudoensis, Ropalospora chirisanensis, Thelopsis chirisanensis, Trapelia coreana, and Verseghya klarae, as well as 27 taxa newly recorded for the country (Biatora aff. subduplex, Buellia cf. uberior, Caloplaca kedrovopadensis, Catillaria chalybaea, Coenogonium isidiatum, Dibaeis yurii, Halecania australis, H. lobulata, Intralichen christiansenii, Ivanpisutia oxneri, Lecania cf. olivacella, Lecanora lojkahugoi, L. sulphurea, Lecidella mandshurica, Lichenoconium erodens, Micarea lithinella, M. aff. stipitata, Muellerella pygmaea var. pygmaea, Oxneria alfredii, Pertusaria aff. flavocorallina, Phaeosporobolus alpinum, Polycoccum innatum, Porina fluminea, Rinodina xanthophaea, Ropalospora chloantha, Stigmidium cladoniicola, and S. epiramalina) are provided.

Additional localities for the recently reported or described 39 species from South Korea, and for 1 species (Oxnerella safavidiorum) from Iran and China (for the first time for China) are provided.

The following taxa newly recorded for South Korea, i.e. Ivanpisutia oxneri, Lecanora lojkahugoi, Lecidella mandshurica, Rinodina xanthophaea, Ropalospora chloantha, as well as the newly described Buellia chujadoensis and Verseghya klarae found to be rather common in this country.
Rediscovery of a long-lost moss Fissidens serratus var. Serratus in the Western Ghats of India
Authors: Sreebha R. , Kariyappa K. C. , Daniels A. E. D.
Published: March 2016

Fissidens serratus, a long-lost liverwort, is rediscovered in the Indira Gandhi National Park in Anamalais in the Western Ghats in Peninsular India after nearly two centuries. Till now, the collection made by Perrottet between 1834 and 1839 in the Nilgiri Hills has been the only Indian representative of this species.
The effect of Ramadan fasting on sirtuin and visfatin levels
Authors: Engin-Ustun Yaprak , Caglayan Emel Kiyak , Kara Mustafa , Gocmen Ayse Yesim , Polat M. Fevzi , Aktulay Ayla
Published: March 2016

Objective

Our aim was to determine how Ramadan fasting effects serum Human NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1/SIR2L1) and visfatin levels during pregnancy.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six patients were included in this case-control study. The patient group consisted of 18 pregnant women who were Ramadan fasting. Another healthy 18 pregnant women with matching pregnancy weeks and ages formed the control group. Blood samples were obtained from the patients for biochemical analyses and serum adipokine level measurements.

Results

The mean sirtuin and visfatin levels in fasting pregnant women were 2.87 ± 0.95 and 60.18 ± 19.49 ng/mL, respectively, while the mean serum sirtuin and visfatin levels in the control group was determined to be 4.28 ± 1.45 and 23.26 ± 6.18 ng/mL, respectively. A statistically significant difference was determined between the groups (p = 0.002, p = 0.0001). A correlation analysis provided a negative correlation between number of fasting days and sirtuin levels (r = 0.45, p = 0.005) and a positive correlation with visfatin levels (r = 0.73, p = 0.0001).

Conclusion

As a result, while the serum sirtuin 1 level of pregnant women decreased due to fasting in Ramadan, we determined that their visfatin levels increased and this increase was in correlation with the days of fasting.
Proximal scalloped custom-made Relay® stent graft in chronic type B dissection: endovascular repair in a drug abuser patient
Authors: Szeberin Zoltán , Nemes Balázs , Csobay-Novák Csaba , Mihály Zsuzsa , Entz László
Published: March 2016

The best solution for enlarging chronic type B aortic dissection is not known. Hybrid surgical and endovascular procedures offer a reliable solution in such circumstances, but technically complex stent-graft designs are sometimes needed when the treatment segment of the aorta presents anatomical challenges. We report a case of a proximally scalloped custom-made stent-graft implantation following left subclavian artery transposition in a formerly cocaine-abuser patient. The one-month follow-up computed tomography angiography showed a proximal endoleak (type Ia) which was successfully solved by coil embolization. Proximally scalloped stent grafts offer a reliable solution in complex aortic dissections involving the supra-aortic branches.
Novel Treatments for Rare Cancers: The U.S. Orphan Drug Act Is Delivering—A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Stockklausner Clemens , Lampert Anette , Hoffmann Georg F. , Ries Markus
Published: March 2016

Background.

Rare cancers are a heterogeneous group of conditions with highly unmet medical needs. Although infrequent in individuals, rare cancers affect millions of people who deserve effective treatments. Therefore, we systematically analyzed the impact of the U.S. Orphan Drug Act of 1983 on delivery of novel treatments for rare cancers.

Methods.

Quantitative cross-sectional analysis was conducted on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Orphan Drug Product database according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement criteria between 1983 and 2015.

Results.

Since 1983, a total of 177 approvals have originated from 1,391 orphan drug designations to treat rare cancers, which represents 36% of all approvals within the U.S. orphan drug act (n = 492). Two compounds (1%) to treat rare cancer were withdrawn after approval. Median time from designation to approval was 2.49 years (interquartile range 1.13–4.64) and decreased significantly over time (p < .001, linear regression). Over the last decade, rare cancer treatments have been transformed from nonspecific cytotoxic agents toward targeted therapies, such as protein kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, representing the largest groups of innovative rare cancer treatments today. Most compounds were approved to treat solid tumors and hematological malignancies.

Conclusion.

The U.S. Orphan Drug Act and associated incentives, such as 7 years of marketing exclusivity, have fostered delivery of novel treatments for rare cancers. More than one-third of all orphan drug approvals address needs of patients suffering from rare cancers. Over the last decade, the understanding of tumorigenesis and genetic driver mutations in different tumor entities has produced innovative treatments, of which many were first approved within the U.S. Orphan Drug Act.
Clinical Application of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Parkes Eileen E. , Kennedy Richard D.
Published: March 2016

High-grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by genomic instability, with one half of all tumors displaying defects in the important DNA repair pathway of homologous recombination. Given the action of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in targeting tumors with deficiencies in this repair pathway by loss of BRCA1/2, ovarian tumors could be an attractive population for clinical application of this therapy. PARP inhibitors have moved into clinical practice in the past few years, with approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) within the past 2 years. The U.S. FDA approval of olaparib applies to fourth line treatment in germline BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer, and European EMA approval to olaparib maintenance in both germline and somatic BRCA-mutant platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. In order to widen the ovarian cancer patient population that would benefit from PARP inhibitors, predictive biomarkers based on a clear understanding of the mechanism of action are required. Additionally, a better understanding of the toxicity profile is needed if PARP inhibitors are to be used in the curative, rather than the palliative, setting. We reviewed the development of PARP inhibitors in phase I–III clinical trials, including combination trials of PARP inhibitors and chemotherapy/antiangiogenics, the approval for these agents, the mechanisms of resistance, and the outstanding issues, including the development of biomarkers and the rate of long-term hematologic toxicities with these agents.
Investigation of localised behaviour of strain-hardening cementitious composites for RC strengthening
Authors: Zhang Yongxing , Bai Shu , Zhang Qingbin
Published: March 2016

Strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCCs) are an attractive construction material, due to their obvious advantage of large tensile strain capacity with pseudo strain-hardening, whereas this advantage is obviously reduced when SHCC is used for RC strengthening. This study investigated, experimentally and numerically, the localised behaviour of SHCCs for RC strengthening, with a focus on crack elongation performance and the ductility reduction of SHCC for RC strengthening. The numerical investigation was implemented using a proposed scheme that considers the localised behaviour of SHCCs for strengthening RC structures with cracks. The effectiveness of the numerical scheme was confirmed through a comparison of experimental and numerical results.
Memory CD4 T Cells Induce Antibody-Mediated Rejection of Renal Allografts
Authors: Gorbacheva Victoria , Fan Ran , Fairchild Robert L. , Baldwin William M. , Valujskikh Anna
Published: March 2016

Despite advances in immunosuppression, antibody-mediated rejection is a serious threat to allograft survival. Alloreactive memory helper T cells can induce potent alloantibody responses and often associate with poor graft outcome. Nevertheless, the ability of memory T cells to elicit well characterized manifestations of antibody-mediated rejection has not been tested. We investigated helper functions of memory CD4 T cells in a mouse model of renal transplantation. Whereas the majority of unsensitized C57Bl/6 recipients spontaneously accepted fully MHC–mismatched A/J renal allografts, recipients containing donor–reactive memory CD4 T cells rapidly lost allograft function. Increased serum creatinine levels, high serum titers of donor-specific alloantibody, minimal T cell infiltration, and intense C4d deposition in the grafts of sensitized recipients fulfilled all diagnostic criteria for acute renal antibody–mediated rejection in humans. IFNγ neutralization did not prevent the renal allograft rejection induced by memory helper T cells, and CD8 T cell depletion at the time of transplantation or depletion of both CD4 and CD8 T cells also did not prevent the renal allograft rejection induced by memory helper T cells starting at day 4 after transplantation. However, B cell depletion inhibited alloantibody generation and significantly extended allograft survival, indicating that donor-specific alloantibodies (not T cells) were the critical effector mechanism of renal allograft rejection induced by memory CD4 T cells. Our studies provide direct evidence that recipient T cell sensitization may result in antibody-mediated rejection of renal allografts and introduce a physiologically relevant animal model with which to investigate mechanisms of antibody-mediated rejection and novel therapeutic approaches for its prevention and treatment.
Una experiencia de riesgo. Efecto colateral del trabajo de campo etnológico en tiempos modernos
Authors: Acuña Delgado Ángel
Published: March 2016

El trabajo de campo etnográfico, como rasgo distintivo de la Antropología, implica habitualmente salir de las bibliotecas y situarse en contexto de interacción con las personas que son motivo de interés. En algunos manuales metodológicos se advierte de los riesgos que supone estrechar las distancias y sumergirse por tiempo prolongado en la vida de un grupo social, pero, por razonas obvias, no se refieren las numerosas situaciones peligrosas que se pueden dar o se han dado en los prolegómenos, antes de entrar o después de salir del lugar de trabajo. En el presente texto presentamos un caso concreto de experiencia vivida en Venezuela en enero de 2006 con motivo de un atraco con secuestro justo al llegar al país con el propósito de realizar trabajo de campo en el Alto Orinoco con comunidades Yanomami. La narración tiene por objeto hacer reflexionar a los etnógrafos sobre las precauciones que hay que adoptar en el viaje, la necesidad de seguir haciendo trabajo de campo en lugares difíciles, y sobre las habilidades sociales que el etnógrafo desarrolla de manera inconsciente, fruto de la experiencia, para afrontar la adversidad.
Patrimonio, antropología y caza. Experimentos pedagógicos en un aula de la UGR
Authors: Massó Guijarro Ester , Mondragón Valero Pablo , Santángelo Ana
Published: March 2016

El patrimonio constituye una noción que ha hecho indudable fortuna, tanto en múltiples disciplinas como el mundo de la vida y distintas esferas sociales. Cierto que las virtudes de la institucionalización y la globalización del concepto de patrimonio son innegables en diversas escalas; sin embargo, su problematicidad epistemológica en el terreno antropológico le ha acompañado desde sus primeras formulaciones. Con esta visión crítica de fondo, se propuso en un aula universitaria la realización de una práctica sobre caza y patrimonialización, durante la que el alumnado coautor de este trabajo desarrolló una forma alternativa de presentación de un material didáctico, que supone una clara innovación en la enseñanza universitaria sobre patrimonio: se pretendió acercar al alumnado el tema de una forma dinámica, basada en los métodos de la pedagogía teatral, como pretexto para una discusión antropológica vinculada a los procesos de patrimonialización inmaterial contemporáneos.
Las vacas y su parásito. Consumo del asado bovino en el Rio de la Plata durante el siglo XVII
Authors: Suárez Echenique Gonzalo
Published: March 2016

En el siglo XVII en una amplia zona meridional de la Republica Argentina, surge un tipo humano con un modus vivendi particular, al que denominaremos protogaucho, quienes con el correr del tiempo darán carnadura a un arquetipo que caracterizará a toda una Nación. La génesis y desarrollo de esta figura emblemática para los rioplatenses no puede entenderse sin la relación con una forma exclusiva de alimentación: el asado de vacuno. El entrelazamiento de una manera de alimentarse, una geografía especifica y una coyuntura histórica particular da razón y sustento a este trabajo.
Mujeres y sus representaciones sociales de género en el CIP bahías de Huatulco, México
Authors: Mendoza Ontiveros Martha Marivel , Alejo Pacheco Marcelino , Rodríguez Muñoz Gregoria , Fernández Aldecua María José
Published: March 2016

En este trabajo se exponen los resultados de un estudio que buscó conocer si la representación social de la mujer se ve modificada por el hecho de vivir o trabajar en un contexto turístico. Gracias al uso de entrevistas a profundidad, se obtuvo que el turismo proporciona a las mujeres la posibilidad de integrarse a la vida laboral remunerada y permite el contacto con hombres y mujeres cuyas conductas no se asemejan a las conductas de los habitantes de las zonas turísticas. Los roles modificados o nuevos pueden dar origen a una percepción del yo individual, que se transmite al yo colectivo y, por tanto, incide en la modificación de la memoria colectiva. Dicha resignificación de la representación social de la identidad de género implica el proceso por el cual las mujeres buscan dejar de ser cosas o seres-en-sí, para caminar hacia la posibilidad de ser sujetos.
Imaginando la imagen en turismo: Un viaje de ida y vuelta
Authors: Santana Talavera Agustín
Published: March 2016

Actualmente está ampliamente reconocido el papel que juega la imagen en el desarrollo del turismo y, especialmente, como elemento de diferenciación de un área de destino. Ello se refleja en gran media en la literatura, que vuelca su interés en identificar las variables que motivan la compra o incentivan el proceso de decisión. Sin embargo es extraña la referencia a procesos de retroalimentación o mecanismos de control de la imagen, así como a su creación. En este artículo se pretende exponer un modelo de comprensión de estos procesos.
La búsqueda de la autenticidad
Authors: George Bab
Published: March 2016

Sin resumen. Epilogo 1º del Monográfico.
El triunfo de las clases medias. Dialéctica entre cambio social y urbanismo en Poblenou, Barcelona
Authors: Mansilla López José A.
Published: March 2016

El debate en torno a la gentrificación comenzó con la acuñación del término hace ahora 50 años. Desde entonces han surgido distintas corrientes teóricas que abordan la cuestión desde diferentes perspectivas. Algunas de las aproximaciones clásicas abundan en análisis rígidos que ocultarían las dinámicas generales de apropiación capitalista que se producen bajo el neoliberalismo. De este modo, la gentrificación se mostraría como una forma más de extracción de rentas monopolísticas del suelo urbano. Por otro lado, los análisis de las dinámicas de gentrificación olvidan, a menudo, la importancia de la cuestión de clase. El caso del Poblenou no es ajeno a ello. Objeto de intervención urbanística desde hace años, el barrio vive, hoy en día, una profunda transformación de su tejido económico y social. Un nuevo barrio, o nuevos barrios, que se crean y cambian en función de esta relación dialéctica.
Los desafíos de Facebook. Apuntes para el abordaje de las redes sociales como fuente
Authors: Capogrossi María Lorena , Magallanes Mariana Loreta , Socaire Florencia
Published: March 2016

Este artículo es un primer intento de sistematizar la utilización de las redes sociales como fuente en las investigaciones en ciencias sociales a partir de un estudio de caso. Nos proponemos aquí señalar las limitaciones y potencialidades que tiene específicamente Facebook, los retos a los que se enfrenta el investigador cuando se dispone a utilizarlo y los desafíos éticos que depara el uso de la información que los usuarios de las comunidades virtuales publican en la red. Entre los ejes que consideramos necesario problematizar podemos mencionar, por un lado, la fiabilidad y la mutabilidad de la información, que son características intrínsecas del recurso técnico utilizado, y por el otro, la puesta en tensión de la idea de territorialidad y de la presencia física del investigador en el trabajo de campo. Estos aspectos de la cuestión generaron numerosos debates que derivaron en esta propuesta de sistematización que abre un abanico de preguntas que esperamos poder profundizar a partir de este análisis.
Creole: inside. Cómo hacer filmaciones no etnográficas puede servir a la realización de una etnografía
Authors: Ranocchiari Dario
Published: March 2016

Durante el trabajo de campo para la realización de mi tesis doctoral he tenido la oportunidad de participar como camarógrafo a la realización de varios videoclips musicales, y como camarógrafo y co-guionista de un documental no etnográfico sobre el más importante grupo de música “típica” de San Andrés, pequeña isla caribeña, punto de cruce y de choque entre el Caribe hispano y el anglófono. En este artículo quiero esbozar unas reflexiones sobre el valor etnográfico y metodológico de esta experiencia supuestamente solo para-antropológica, que sin embargo ha terminado por ser una de las claves fundamentales para la realización de la etnografía.
Animales y ‘gentiles’ seductores en los relatos andinos
Authors: Taipe Campos Néstor Godofredo
Published: March 2016

En este artículo, presento 20 cuentos quechuas (traducidos al español) que fueron registrados en el nororiente de la provincia de Tayacaja (Huancavelica, Perú), alguno de los cuales presenta reminiscencias de relatos míticos. Los seductores registrados son el perro, el matamico andino, la culebra, el murciélago, la perdiz, el ratón, el gorrión y el “gentil”. Todos seducen a las mujeres jóvenes. Sólo la perdiz seduce a un varón joven. En este trabajo estudiaré cómo influye el contexto en la construcción de los relatos, cómo se construyen las analogías, la simbología y la configuración dinámica de las alteridades implícitas.
La promoción de la independencia funcional. Estudio etnográfico de personas mayores en Granada
Authors: Botía Díaz Isabel María
Published: March 2016

El Servicio de Ayuda a Domicilio es un recurso implantado en todos los municipios de la geografía española, con la finalidad de promover la autonomía de las personas en situación de dependencia para facilitarles la permanencia en su medio habitual de vida. A través del presente estudio etnográfico -de carácter exploratorio- se describe la vivencia personal de cuatro personas mayores usuarias del Servicio de Ayuda a Domicilio en el municipio de Granada en relación con los problemas de dependencia que les afectan, las dificultades para desempeñar las actividades de su vida diaria y el apoyo recibido por parte de sus auxiliares de ayuda a domicilio; se reflejan algunas de las observaciones realizadas durante tres meses de trabajo de campo presenciando la interacción entre las personas usuarias y sus auxiliares de ayuda a domicilio; y se analizan los aspectos que facilitan o dificultan la independencia funcional para las actividades diarias de las personas mayores estudiadas. La finalidad de este trabajo es la de contribuir –a través del estudio de casos- a un mayor conocimiento de aspectos claves a tener en cuenta en el diseño de programas que pretendan incidir en la mejora de la atención de las personas mayores con dificultades para llevar una vida independiente y que deseen permanecer en sus domicilios, con los apoyos necesarios.
La música como objeto geográfico. Estado de la cuestión y perspectivas de tratamiento
Authors: Canova Nicolas
Published: March 2016

Los vínculos entre música y Geografía vienen investigándose en el mundo anglófono desde hace algunas décadas. En el francófono, aunque con menor tradición, dicha temática comienza a estar bien representada. Con este artículo se pretende abrir nuevas perspectivas que contribuyan al desarrollo del tratamiento geográfico de la música. Para conseguirlo, intentaremos vincular flamenco y Geografía. Con el fin de profundizar en la interdisciplinariedad, tendremos presente la Geografía, la Economía, las Ciencias Urbanísticas y Políticas; así seremos testigos de cómo el arte flamenco puede ser entendido como un recurso territorial.
Las políticas culturales y el concepto de cultura. Etnografía de un evento festivo intercultural
Authors: Olmos Alcaraz Antonia , Rubio Gómez Maria , Contini Pierangela
Published: March 2016

En el contexto de estudio de este trabajo, la diversidad cultural ha sido gestionada a través de políticas públicas en materia de educación, salud, trabajo y servicios sociales, desde modelos integracionistas. A nivel local la atención se ha centrado más en la implementación de “políticas culturales”, cuyo objetivo es promover la convivencia cotidiana en escenarios de diversidad. El presente artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre las políticas culturales desarrolladas a nivel local relacionadas con la convivialidad y la diversidad, a través del análisis de un ejemplo concreto de práctica tipificada como intercultural en la ciudad de Granada.

Para ello, ofrecemos una descripción detallada de sus distintos momentos reflexionando sobre el concepto de interculturalidad y de cultura subyacentes y analizamos, con la ayuda del material etnográfico, qué efectos o calado pueden tener esta tipología de efeméride en la población local y de qué manera ésta se ve representada. Como conclusión se reportan algunas propuestas nacidas de los/as propios/as implicados/as, sobre cómo seguir implementando políticas culturales que puedan ofrecer respuestas a las demandas sociales y representar a toda la comunidad.
TEXTOS E IMAGENS DO MUNDO MEDIEVAL: AS REPRESENTAÇÕES CARTOGRÁFICAS ENTRE AS LÍNGUAS CLÁSSICAS E VERNÁCULAS (SÉCULOS VIII-XVI) * WRITINGS AND IMAGES FROM THE MEDIEVAL WORLD: THE CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS BETWEEN THE CLASSICAL AND VERNACULAR LANGUAGES (8th – 16th CENTURIES)
Authors: Borges Thiago José
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Textos e imagens estabeleceram, ao longo dos tempos, uma complexa e fascinante relação de complementariedade que se estende entre os mais distintos contextos e realidades históricas. Sob tais perspectivas, este breve estudo propõe-se a analisar a produção cartográfica medieval por intermédio de seu viés textual, contemplando os fenômenos responsáveis pela transposição do texto ao traçado cartográfico. Recorrendo à longa duração dos processos históricos, estaremos particularmente atentos às nuances linguísticas e iconográficas que, entre os séculos VIII e XVI, fundamentaram, deram forma, sentido e coerência as representações do espaço no Ocidente medieval cristão.Palavras-Chave: Cartografia Medieval; Mapa-múndi; Textualidade; Latim; Vernácula. Abstract: Writings and Images set throughout time a complex and fascinating relation of complementarity which extends between the most different context and historical realities. Under such perspective, this brief study aims to investigate the medieval cartographic production through its textual character, analyzing the responsible phenomenon for the transposition of the writings to the cartographic design. Taking into account the long duration of the historical process, we will be particularly attentive to the linguistic and iconographic aspects, which between the 8th and 16th centuries, substantiated, gave meaning, coherence and shape to the representation of the space in Medieval Christian west.Keywords: Medieval Cartography; World Map; Textuality; Latin; Vernacular.
A TRADIÇÃO CLÁSSICA E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA ESCRITA VERNACULAR NA EARLY CHRISTIAN IRELAND: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A MATÉRIA TROIANA E A TOGAIL TROÍ * CLASSICAL TRADITION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF VERNACULAR WRITING IN EARLY CHRISTIAN IRELAND: SOME NOTES ON THE TROJAN MATTER AND TOGAIL TROÍ
Authors: SANTOS DOMINIQUE VIEIRA COELHO DOS
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Narrativas acerca da mitologia grega ou romana, bem como aquelas de caráter épico, envolvendo batalhas e heróis, não se encerraram na Antiguidade. Ao contrário, foram, com frequência, elaboradas no mundo chamado pós-clássico. Dentre as variantes desta tradição textual está o ciclo literário conhecido como matéria troiana, amplamente divulgado em toda Europa. A partir de um dos principais textos que integram este ciclo, a Togail Troí, uma “tradução” da De Excidio Troiae Historia para a língua irlandesa contida no Book of Leinster, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar algumas reflexões sobre a relação entre a Tradição Clássica e o desenvolvimento das línguas vernáculas na Early Christian Ireland. Palavras-chave: Tradição Clássica; Early Christian Ireland; Escrita Vernacular; Matéria Troiana; Togail Troí. Abstract: Stories about Greek and Roman mythology, as well as those of epic character, involving battles and heroes, not stopped to be written in Antiquity. Instead, they were often developed in the so-called Post-Classical World. Among the variants of this textual tradition there is the literary cycle known as Trojan matter, widely spread throughout Europe. From one of the main texts of this cycle, the Togail Troí, a ‘translation’ of De Excidio Troiae Historia into the Irish language contained in the Book of Leinster, the aim of this article is to present some considerations about the relationship between the Classical Tradition and the development of vernacular writing in Early Christian Ireland. Key-words: Classical Tradition; Early Christian Ireland; Vernacular Writing; Trojan Matter; Togail Troí.
A ESCRITA DE UM FEITO INGLÓRIO: O CERCO PORTUGUÊS A TÂNGER, EM 1437. * THE WRITING OF AN INGLORIOUS EVENT: THE PORTUGUESE BATTLE OF TANGIER, 1437.
Authors: Michelan Kátia Brasilino
Published: March 2016

Resumo: O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar algumas construções, escritas em língua vernácula, acerca do ataque português, de 1437, à cidade de Tânger, localizada no norte da África.  Em tal ataque, não se cumpriu o propósito esperado pelos portugueses e, como desfecho, o infante D. Fernando ficou cativo dos mouros. Assim, contar essa história exigiu diversos mecanismos narrativos por parte dos homens que intencionavam relatar os feitos gloriosos dos nobres portugueses. Para entender como esse episódio infeliz foi sendo pensado e narrado ao longo do século XV e início do XVI, serão analisados, aqui, dois grupos de documentos: os escritos anteriores e posteriores ao ataque. Palavras-chave: Idade Média; Portugal; Tânger; Guerra; Mouros. Abstract: The intent of this article is to analyze some portuguese writings about the battle of Tangier, 1437. In this event, the Portuguese purpose did not take place and the infant D. Fernando stand prisoner of the moors. In this way, tell the story of this event wasn’t easy for the men that narrate the glorious deeds about the portuguese nobles. To understand how this event was thought, here, will be analyzed two groups of documents: the earlier and later written about the attack. Keywords: Middle Ages;Portugal; Tangier; War; Moors.
GROSSI, Paolo. A ordem jurídica medieval. São Paulo: WMF Martins Fontes, 2014. 344 p.
Authors: Alvarado Thiago Henrique
Published: March 2016

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Evaluación financiera del sistema de producción de papa (Solanum tuberosum L) en Oicatá, Boyacá
Authors: Avendaño-Gómez Elmer , González-Santos Wilson
Published: March 2016

La factibilidad financiera es fundamental para tomar decisiones en un sistema productivo; en consecuencia, toda actividad agropecuaria debe hacer uso de dicha herramienta, a fin de obtener mayor comprensión de su ejercicio financiero y, a la vez, tener un soporte objetivo para determinar, entre otras cosas, si continuar con la actividad, diversificarla, combinarla o arrendar el espacio físico donde se realiza (1). El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una evaluación financiera en el sistema de producción de la papa Solanum tuberosum, variedad Diacol capiro, de manera participativa y con la inclusión de indicadores históricos, en función de horizontes de tiempo y tasa de oportunidad. La población objeto del estudio correspondió a 32 agricultores de papa inscritos en la Empresa Prestadora de Servicios Técnicos Agropecuarios (Epsagro) del municipio de Oicatá, departamento de Boyacá, para el año 2014, de los cuales se seleccionaron tres productores (grande, mediano y pequeño) para realizar la investigación. Los resultados indican que el diagnóstico rural participativo fue una herramienta de investigación adecuada para la compilación de la información, además de la existencia de diferencias en la estructura de costos de producción en los diferentes agricultores. En el municipio de Oicatá se encontró que existen fallas relevantes a nivel operativo y contable que deben ser corregidas.
Evaluación sensorial del vino artesanal de uva Isabella (Vitis labrusca L.)
Authors: Almanza-Merchán Pedro José , Reyes-M. Andrea Johana , Ayala Marco Luis , Balaguera-L. William , Serrano-Cely Pablo Antonio
Published: March 2016

El consumo de vino en Colombia se ha incrementado durante los últimos años, en especial el de los vinos tinto. A pesar de las pocas características vínicas de la uva Isabella (Vitis labrusca L.), su bajo contenido de azúcares y su alta concentración de ácidos le otorgan el potencial para la elaboración de un vino que presenta sabores y aromas intensos. La combinación de color, aroma y sabor provoca la denominada textura del vino. El análisis sensorial de los vinos, a través de catas, da origen a una escala entre los vinos y a una descripción que genera cierto impacto en el posicionamiento de este licor en el mercado. Esta investigación buscó evaluar la calidad organoléptica del vino artesanal de uva Isabella, mediante una cata a ciegas. Se evaluaron tres tipos de vino; dos producidos en la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (semiseco y semidulce) y uno procedente del municipio de Cerrito, Valle del Cauca. El panel conformado por 20 catadores evaluó los vinos de acuerdo con los parámetros establecidos por el Concurso Internacional de Vinos y Espirituosos (CINVE). Los resultados presentaron diferencias significativas entre el vino Portal del Paraíso® y los vinos Uptc. Los vinos Uptc obtuvieron la menor puntuación, catalogándolos, de acuerdo con el CINVE, como los mejores sensorialmente.
Gestión estratégica de las áreas funcionales de la empresa: una perspectiva competitiva internacional
Authors: Zapata Luis Fernando Bustamante , Pérez Isabel Amalia Porto , Taboada Fernando Hernández
Published: March 2016

La internacionalización de las organizaciones aparece como una posibilidad de crecimiento empresarial o por lo menos una estratagema para la supervivencia en el mundo globalizado, altamente competitivo y sujeto a continuos y complejos cambios. El propósito de este documento es describir la gestión estratégica de las áreas funcionales de la empresa -técnica, comercial, financiera, contable, de seguridad y administrativa- como requisito para la competitividad internacional. Para hacerlo, se recurre al método analítico - sintético enunciando las presiones del entorno global que transforman las áreas funcionales de la empresa. Luego se plantean algunas de las posibles estrategias aplicables en cada área que facilitan la competitividad internacional de las organizaciones. Con base en los referentes teóricos se concluye que la gestión estratégica de las áreas de la empresa es una de las múltiples formas de desarrollar capacidades que faciliten la internacionalización organizacional. Es necesario ampliar el debate para continuamente completar las estrategias aplicables desde una perspectiva gerencial.