bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress-responsive HILPDA is necessary for thermoregulation during fasting
Authors: VandeKopple Matthew J , Wu Jinghai , Baer Lisa A , Bal Naresh C , Maurya Santosh K , Kalyanasundaram Anuradha , Periasamy Muthu , Stanford Kristin I , Giaccia Amato J , Denko Nicholas C , Papandreou Ioanna
Published: July 2017

Hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated protein (HILPDA) has been shown to localize to lipid droplets in nutrient-responsive cell types such as hepatocytes and adipocytes. However, its role in the control of whole-body homeostasis is not known. We sought to measure cell-intrinsic and systemic stress responses in a mouse strain harboring whole-body Hilpda deficiency. We generated a genetically engineered mouse model of whole-body HILPDA deficiency by replacing the codingHilpdaexon with luciferase. We subjected the knockout animals to environmental stresses and measured whole-animal metabolic and behavioral parameters. Brown adipocyte precursors were isolated and differentiatedin vitroto quantify the impact of HILPDA ablation in lipid storage and mobilization in these cells. HILPDA-knockout animals are viable and fertile, but show reduced ambulatory activity and oxygen consumption at regular housing conditions. Acclimatization at thermoneutral conditions abolished the phenotypic differences observed at 22°C. When fasted, HILPDA KO mice are unable to maintain body temperature and become hypothermic at 22°C, without apparent abnormalities in blood chemistry parameters or tissue triglyceride content. HILPDA expression was upregulated during adipocyte differentiation and activationin vitro; however, it was not required for lipid droplet formation in brown adipocytes. We conclude that HILPDA is necessary for efficient fuel utilization suggesting a homeostatic role for Hilpda in sub-optimal environments.
Small-World Networks of corruption
Authors: Morales Pablo , Finke Jorge
Published: July 2017

Collective behavior forms and spreads through social contact. This thesis introduces a framework for understanding how the structure of social ties may impact the evolution of bribery. We represent relationships as highly clustered networks with small characteristic path lengths (i.e., small-world models having “local” and “long-range” contacts). Based on a principal-agent-client formulation, our model focuses on the effects of clustering on an equilibrium of persistent bribery. Collective outcomes depend on decision-making mechanisms that rely on sensitivity functions, which capture the level of influence between local contacts. Moreover, we represent the evolution of the network as a system of differential equations and identify its region of parameters for which the equilibrium of persistent bribery is stable. Our results show that an increase in clustering tends to decrease the levels of bribery. A more sensitive response to the behavior of neighbors, on the other hand, tends to increase bribery, but only up to a certain point. Beyond this threshold, the expected level of bribery remains constant, despite variations in the structural properties of the network.
Corrupción en las empresas y la evasión tributaria del IVA en Colombia: un método alternativo de medición
Authors: Sierra Rincón Olga , Vargas Noy Yamile
Published: July 2017

Este trabajo plantea una propuesta metodológica para estimar la evasión tributaria del IVA en Colombia para el año 2010, utilizando la información exógena suministrada por la Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales - DIAN. El método empleado es el potencial teórico, método que contrasta el comportamiento macroeconómico (potencial - teórico), frente a las cifras de la administración tributaria (observado). Como teórico se tomó la información que genera el Departamento Nacional de Estadística - DANE, información macroeconómica de las compras y las ventas no exentas de hogares y empresas dentro de las cuentas nacionales proveniente de  la Matriz Insumo-Producto (MIP), esta se contrasta con la MIP-DIAN desarrollada desde la información exógena de la DIAN. Las diferencias en los coeficientes permiten identificar las divisiones económicas con mayor evasión en IVA, aportando a la definición de acciones y políticas de fiscalización tributaria en IVA, que contribuyan a hacer frente a la corrupción de las empresas en Colombia.
Incidencia de los precios del petróleo en el crecimiento económico y la inversión extranjera directa en Colombia durante el periodo 1990-2010
Authors: Cortázar Camelo Jonathan , Linares Elkin
Published: July 2017

El efecto macroeconómico derivado de la variación de los precios del petróleo puede llegar a ser representativo y de marcada incidencia. Dicha afectación puede estar influenciada por aspectos propios del mercado del sector de hidrocarburos, los choques de oferta y la dinámica de su demanda denotando así particularidades en el criterio para la fijación de los precios del crudo y su correspondiente volatilidad. Este documento verifica la incidencia que han tenido los precios del petróleo en el crecimiento y en la inversión extranjera directa para Colombia en el periodo comprendido entre 1990 y 2010, a través del uso de un modelo econométrico (VAR) con un (1) rezago sobre las variables consideradas, entregando como resultado que no existe evidencia que los precios del petróleo tengan incidencia sobre el crecimiento de la economía colombiana y sobre la inversión extranjera directa.
Diferencias de género en la edad del primer matrimonio: una evidencia desde los modelos de búsqueda marital para Colombia
Authors: Ríos Piñerez Wilmer
Published: July 2017

Resumen

Este estudio pretende establecer de qué manera la decisión de casarse se ve afectada por un entorno socioeconómico familiar que favorece la acumulación de capital humano y por la transición hacia el rol económico de la adultez. Se evalúa si las diferencias de género en  las características de entrada al matrimonio disminuyen a medida que se reducen las diferencias en el estatus económico de hombres y mujeres. Con este propósito, se estima un modelo de duración de la búsqueda marital para evaluar si estas variables explican la decisión de hombres y mujeres colombianos de casarse o comenzar uniones de hecho a determinada edad. Mayores posibilidades de educación e inserción laboral femenina reducen las diferencias en el comportamiento matrimonial entre hombres y mujeres generando incentivos a postergar las uniones.

Abstract

This study aims to establish how the decision to marry is affected by family socio-economic environment that favors the accumulation of human capital and the economic role transition to adulthood. It also evaluates whether gender differences in the characteristics of entry into marriage decrease as the differences are reduced in the economic status of men and women. To this end, a duration model of marital search is fit to assess whether these variables explain the decision of Colombian men and women to get married or begin de facto unions at a certain age. It is found that higher educational opportunities and job placement reduces the differences in marital behavior between men and women generating, in both cases, incentives to delay marriages as predicted by marital search models.
La desindustrialización en Colombia desde la apertura económica
Authors: Buendía Pastrana Juan Carlos , Osorio Mass Roberto Carlos , Rangel Bolaños Jaime Eliecer , Miranda Villera Margarita Rosa
Published: July 2017

La desindustrialización en la economía colombiana ha generado una problemática en lo económico y social. Los factores más determinantes que se estudian son las evidencias y los síntomas del fenómeno de la enfermedad holandesa y el empleo. La economía colombiana presenta informalidad, esto ha llevado a problemas de competitividad y productividad en la industrial, puesto que el país es gran exportador de productos primarios que carecen de valor agregado, tales como petróleo, carbón, oro y minas. Este documento estudia los orígenes de la industria en Colombia, cuáles fueron los sectores que tuvieron mayor liderazgo y las coyunturas económicas internas y externas que condujeron al sector industrial a un proceso rápido de pérdida de participación dentro del PIB. Se analiza cada una de las variables que tienen relación con el sector industrial y cómo han sido afectadas desde la apertura económica; con base en dicho análisis, se darán unas conclusiones y unas posibles soluciones ante este fenómeno económico.
Participación laboral en Bogotá: cambios en sus determinantes en la década comprendida entre 2005 y 2015
Authors: Chávez Muñoz Nelson Manolo , Ríos Hernández Héctor Fabio , Varón Pulido Orminso
Published: July 2017

Este documento pretende establecer los posibles cambios en los factores que determinan la participación laboral en Bogotá por medio de un análisis comparativo entre los años 2005 y 2015. Para la investigación se realizó una descripción de los principales indicadores del mercado laboral de Bogotá, tales como población, población en edad de trabajar, población económicamente activa, ocupados, desocupados, subempleo objetivo y población inactiva. De manera seguida, se estimaron econométricamente los determinantes de la participación de la fuerza laboral para los dos años de estudio, utilizando para ello modelos tipo Logit. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que los determinantes que sufren cambios en la participación laboral de un año a otro son las personas casadas, viudas y solteras; se destaca también la reducción de la probabilidad de los estudiantes y de las mujeres que no participan en la fuerza laboral.
Perspectiva de los mercados laborales en un trabajo socialmente devaluado: El caso del trabajo sexual
Authors: Laverde Rodríguez Carlos Alfonso
Published: July 2017

A partir de una noción ampliada de los mercados de trabajo, se plantea que en el trabajo sexual existe un mercado laboral el cual, al igual que otros mercados, está sujeto a regulaciones extraeconómicas. Desde esta perspectiva, se sostiene que, además de regulaciones jurídicas e institucionales, existen formas de control socialmente construidas, que para el trabajo sexual se fundan en un proceso de estigmatización. Se propone ampliar la idea de regulación a partir de procesos sociales más complejos, como el descrédito de la actividad, que se traduce en un control efectivo de quienes realizan este trabajo. Se hace uso de los conceptos “trabajo no clásico”, a partir de la propuesta de De La Garza (2010), y “capital social”, desde la perspectiva de Portes (1999), para analizar las formas de control y las disputas por el reconocimiento de significados y prácticas que están presentes en el trabajo sexual.
A Large Deletion in the NSDHL Gene in Labrador Retrievers with a Congenital Cornification Disorder
Authors: Bauer Anina , De Lucia Michela , Jagannathan Vidhya , Mezzalira Giorgia , Casal Margret L , Welle Monika M , Leeb Tosso
Published: July 2017

In heterozygous females affected by an X-linked skin disorder, lesions often appear in a characteristic pattern, the so-called Blaschko’s lines. We investigated a female Labrador Retriever and her crossbred daughter, which both showed similar clinical lesions that followed Blaschko’s lines. The two male littermates of the affected daughter had died at birth, suggesting a monogenic X-chromosomal semidominant mode of inheritance. Whole genome sequencing of the affected daughter, and subsequent automated variant filtering with respect to 188 nonaffected control dogs of different breeds, revealed 332 hetero-zygous variants on the X-chromosome private to the affected dog. None of these variants was protein-changing. By visual inspection of candidate genes located on the X-chromosome, we identified a large deletion in the NSDHL gene, encoding NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like, a 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. The deletion spanned >14 kb, and included the last three exons of the NSDHL gene. By PCR and fragment length analysis, we confirmed the presence of the variant in both affected dogs, and its absence in 50 control Labrador Retrievers. Variants in the NSDHL gene cause CHILD syndrome in humans, and the bare patches (Bpa) and striated (Str) phenotypes in mice. Taken together, our genetic data and the known role of NSDHL in X-linked skin disorders strongly suggest that the identified structural variant in the NSDHL gene is causative for the phenotype in the two affected dogs.
Cutaneous dental sinus of submental region: An eight years follow-up
Authors: Patni Pallav Mahesh , Jain Pradeep , Hiremath Hemalatha , Raghuwanshi Swadhin , Vijaywargia Prashansa , Patni Mona Jain
Published: July 2017

A 22-year-old female patient had a history of a 7-month recurrent pus discharge from her chin. She had been previously treated by physicians, dermatologist, and surgeons. The sinus kept re-occurring and she was referred to dental hospital for opinion.The patient had cutaneous opening of size 5mm × 6mm with purulent discharge in submental region. Patient had undergone three surgical excisions and multiple antibiotic regimens. Patient had a history of trauma due to fall six years back. A 30 number standard gutta-percha was used to trace the sinus tract and dental origin was confirmed radiographically. The tract led to in-between the root canal apices of both mandibular incisors. Treatment included non-surgical endodontic treatment with both mandibular central incisors and antibiotic coverage following bacterial culture of discharge. The pus culture showed Streptococcus anginosus which was found to be sensitive to penicillin. Patient was kept on 1-week course of oral amoxicillin-clavulanate along with root canal therapy.The cutaneous sinus healed following root canal treatment and antibiotic coverage. On an 8-year follow-up skin of sub-mental region appeared normal and peri-apical healing with both mandibular central incisors was evident radiographically. Cutaneous lesions on face may be of dental origin. A cross referral between dentists, physicians, surgeons, and dermatologists should be considered in such cases.
KETERKAITAN SEKTOR PERIKANAN DALAM PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN MODEL INPUT-OUTPUT
Authors: Tajerin Tajerin , Yusuf Risna , Sastrawidjaja Sastrawidjaja , Asnawi Asnawi
Published: July 2017

Keterkaitan sektor perikanan dalam perekonomian nasional akan menentukan peran strategis sektor tersebut dalam pembangunan perikanan dan pemulihan perekonomian nasional. Untuk itu telah dilakukan kajian mengenai keterkaitan sektor perikanan ”dalam arti luas” dengan menggunakan metode analisis keterkaitan ke belakang (backward lingkage) dan ke depan (forward lingkage) berdasarkan pendekatan model input output. Data yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah data sekunder dari table input output tahun 1990, 1995 dan 2000. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa selama periode 1990-2000, secara rata-rata keterkaitan sektor perikanan dalam perekonomian nasional masih relatif lemah dengan indeks keterkaitan berkisar sebesar 0,46-1,10. Kecenderungan penguatan keterkaitan ke belakang terjadi pada perikanan darat, sedangkan penguatan keterkaitan ke depan terjadi pada industri pengolahan dan pengawetan ikan. Selain itu, keterkaitan antara kelompok perikanan primer (perikanan laut dan perikanan darat) dan kelompok perikanan sekunder (industri pengeringan dan penggaraman ikan dan industri pengolahan dan pengawetan ikan) lebih mencerminkan keterkaitan ke depan berupa aliran pasokan komoditas ikan untuk bahan baku. Namun keterkaitan itu masih relatif lemah dan cenderung semakin lemah. Tittle: Fisheries Sector Linkages in The National Economy: An Input-Output Approach.Fisheries sector linkage in National Economy will determine the strategic roles of the sector for its development and National Economic recovery. In line with this, a study was conducted to determine backward and forward linkage of the sector using input output model approach. Secondary data were used, that are input output tables of the year 1990, 1995 and 2000. The results of the study showed that during the period of 1990 - 2000, the average linkage of these sector in National economy are relatively weak with the index of linkage approximately of 0,46 - 1,10.Stronger backward linkage was observed in inland fisheries, while stronger forward linkage demonstrated on industrial fish processing and preservation. The linkage of primary fisheries group (sea and inland fisheries) to the secondary fisheries group (industrial fish processing) indicating the forward linkage such as fish supply as raw materials. However, the linkage is relatively weak.
O respeito à diversidade étnica e cultural dos alunos: uma intervenção no campo dos direitos humanos
Authors: Bittencourt Elizabeth Christina Rodrigues
Published: July 2017

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é o de reconhecimento da diversidade étnica e cultural de um grupode alunos de 9° do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal da cidade de São Paulo. Situa-se no campodas Ciências Humanas, possuindo um caráter exploratório, caracterizado por um projeto de intervenção nocampo da Educação em Direitos Humanos. A partir disso, percebemos que uma simples alteração na “formaescolar”, dentro do ambiente restrito de uma sala de aula padronizada da escola, possibilitou a ampliação darede de relações colaborativas entre os alunos.
Professora Carlinda Shüller Liebling: um pioneirismo singular no Colégio Centenário
Authors: Timm Edgar Zanini , Garin Norberto Da Cunha
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo resulta de uma pesquisa intitulada “Vida de professores: quando antigos mestres da educação continuam a ensinar”. A pesquisa, realizada com a metodologia das Históriasde Vida, desenvolveu-se no Grupo de Pesquisa CNPq/IPA Educação e Inclusão, estando vinculada ao Núcleo de Estudos em Educação, Espiritualidade e Histórias de Vida (NEEHV) doCentro Universitário Metodista (IPA). Um dos educadores estudados foi Carlinda Shüller Liebling, ex-aluna interna e posteriormente professora no Colégio Centenário, mantido pela Igreja Metodista em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. O estudo evidenciou, entre outros entendimentos construídosem seu processo, que a tenacidade, a perseverança, o entusiasmo e a construção, manutenção e desenvolvimento cotidiano de uma forte vontade de sentido existencial marcaramsua vida no magistério e podem servir, não como modelo único, mas como um exemplo de como é possível sentir-se bem na docência.
Educação e espiritualidade como experiencias fundamentais para humanização em Paulo Freire
Authors: Chaves Adilson Castro , Silva Ricardo Pereira Silva Pereira , Silva Clemildo Anacleto da , Almeida Emanoel Rodrigues de
Published: July 2017

Esta pesquisa bibliográfica tem o objetivo de contribuir com os estudos relacionados a temática da educaçãoe espiritualidade. Embora pareça existir uma tensão antagônica entre a educação e espiritualidade, amesma se dá pelo entendimento do que significa a espiritualidade. Aqui, pretenderemos analisá-la do pontode vista da categoria pedagógica capaz de contribuir no desenvolvimento do homem no sentido de torná-locapaz de situar-se no mundo como agente ativo, consciente da realidade opressora que lhe envolve. O referencialteórico que fundamenta a ideia é a pedagogia de Paulo Freire. Entendemos que em sua pedagogia,além dos traços teóricos do marxismo, é possível identificar traços de um modelo de espiritualidade, nãoalienante, que não romantiza o cotidiano opressor do homem, mas que lhe permite situar-se no mundo deforma consciente e humanizador.
Ética, educação e processos educativos escolares: um diálogo em construção
Authors: Freitas Ana Lúcia Souza de , Coelho Carla Jeane Helfemsteller
Published: July 2017

O artigo apresenta elementos para estabelecer um diálogo entre ética e educação, propondo a reflexão acercadas possibilidades de que os processos educativos escolares se realizem como vivência ética. Inicialmente, otexto faz considerações acerca da indissociabilidade entre ética e educação, enfatizando a dimensão política doato educativo. Na continuidade, recorre às contribuições da filosofia para argumentar a necessidade de superara idealização da ética, tendo em vista sua concretização em atitudes práticas. Ao final, analisa uma narrativa deexperiência docente, considerando as possibilidades práticas dos processos educativos em geral e enfatizandoo espaço da escola como um lugar do desenvolvimento humano em seu potencial ético.
Comparação Entre o Hop Test e Outros Testes Utilizados na Alta de Pacientes com Lesão de Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (LCA)
Authors: Neto Demétryus Corrêa de Farias , Manso Kaio Primo , Batista Keila De Nazaré Madureira
Published: July 2017

A lesão de Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (LCA) é uma das lesões ligamentares mais comuns na prática desportiva, principalmente no futebol, devido à mecânica do esporte que acaba favorecendo casos de entorse, e também através de trauma, onde o contato é intenso entre os participantes. Ao fim do período de reabilitação o lesionado de LCA é submetido a exames para avaliar se está apto para o retorno à prática esportiva, dentre eles o principal é o Dinamômetro Isocinético, porém, devido seu alto custo, muitas vezes acabam por utilizar outros testes mais viáveis para a realidade de muitos locais de reabilitação, como o hop test. Objetivo: analisar na literatura a utilização do hop test como um dos métodos utilizados para alta de lesionados de Ligamento Cruzado Anterior, sua incidência e eficácia como meio avaliativo, frente aos demais métodos utilizados devido sua baixa demanda de tempo e recursos para a aplicação.Métodos: revisão na literatura em bases gratuitas sobre o hop test sendo utilizado em lesionados de Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (LCA) comparando com outros testes utilizados neste grupo, nos idiomas português e inglês. Resultados: foram encontrados somente 3 estudos abrangendo os requisitos do estudo. Conclusão: o hop test se mostra mais confiável comparado a uma análise subjetiva, e bom comparado ao dinamômetro isocinético, porém se faz necessário a realização de mais estudos sobre o tema.
Análise dos motivos para a prática de indivíduos com deficiência em modalidades coletivas e individuais
Authors: Mizoguchi Marcus Vinícius , Mandarino Francieli Santos , Jacob Weslei , Refundini Luciana Boligon
Published: July 2017

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar os motivos para prática de indivíduos com deficiência física e visual em modalidades coletivas e individuais. A presente pesquisa trata de um estudo descritivo, sendo realizado com 30 pessoas com alguma deficiência física ou visual (adquirida ou congênita), com aplicação do questionário Exercise Motivation Inventory – (EMI-2), para avaliar os motivos para a prática esportiva. Para análise de dados foram utilizados os testes Shapiro-wilk, Anova de medidas repetidas e U de Mann-whitney, adotando p<0,05. Em relação aos níveis dos motivos para prática de exercício físico de indivíduos com deficiência física em modalidades coletivas e individuais, houveram prevalências nas dimensões de prevenção de doenças, condição física, controle de estresse, diversão/bem-estar, afiliação e competição. Na comparação dos motivos para a prática frente às diferentes deficiências não houve diferença significativa importante. Por fim, houve uma diferença significativa entre os menos experientes e os mais experientes, destacando a dimensão de prevenção de doenças para os iniciantes. Pode-se concluir que indivíduos com deficiência física e visual buscam a prática de uma modalidade esportiva para prevenção de doenças, condição física, controle do estresse, diversão/bem-estar, afiliação e competição.
Abordagem fisioterapêutica em um paciente com neuromielite óptica: relato de caso
Authors: De Oliveira Garcia Raquel
Published: July 2017

A Neuromielite óptica, também chamada Doença de Devic, é uma doença idiopática, grave e rara. É caracterizada por ser inflamatória, e leva à desmielinização, principalmente do nervo óptico (neurite óptica) e da medula espinhal (mielite transversa). A literatura é escassa na descrição do tratamento fisioterapêutico destes casos.Objetivo: Descrever a abordagem fisioterapêutica em pacientes com Neuromielite Óptica.Descrição: Paciente de 59 anos, branca e do sexo feminino. Sintomas iniciaram em 2003, porém o diagnóstico de Neuromielite Óptica foi concluido em 2008. Iniciou o tratamento fisioterapêutico em 2008 e vem sendo atendida três vezes por semana com cinesioterapia e terapia manual.
Terapia manual em pacientes portadores de hérnia discal lombar: revisão sistemática
Authors: Verde Loiola Gabriella Maria Lima , Santos Francisca daiane De Oliveira , Modesto Edinice De Sousa , Da Silva Brenna Barbosa , Pedrosa Ana Vanessa Araujo , Vasconcelos Thiago Brasileiro , Diógenes Bastos Vasco Pinheiro
Published: July 2017

A hérnia de disco é uma alteração que pode acometer qualquer parte da coluna vertebral, sendo mais frequente na região lombar. A hérnia de disco surge como resultado de diversos pequenos traumas na coluna que vão, com o passar do tempo, lesando as estruturas do disco intervertebral, ou pode acontecer como conseqüência de um trauma severo sobre a coluna. Esse trabalho objetivou analisar nas bases de dados as técnicas de Terapia Manual utilizadas em pacientes portadores de hérnia discal lombar. Tratou-se de uma revisão sistemática, transversal e com estratégia de análise quantitativa dos resultados, realizada no período de agosto a novembro de 2013. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed e Bireme (Medline, Lilacs, Pedro, Scielo) nos últimos 10 anos. Foram incluídos 12 artigos no período de 2001 a 2013 onde 66,4% (n=8) relacionaram a terapia manual eficaz, melhorando alguns parâmetros nos pacientes e 33,2% (n=4) não demonstraram resultados após alguns exercícios e alongamentos. Com este estudo pode-se concluir que o programa de terapia manual para pacientes portadores de hérnia de disco lombar proporcionou melhora no quadro álgico, na funcionalidade, na flexibilidade, no ganho de força e na mobilidade articular permitindo que os pacientes conseguissem voltar a realizar as atividades de vida diária.
CONFORMANCE RATING FOR LOCOMOTIVE REPAIR PRODUCTIONS
Authors: Y. M. Datsun
Published: July 2017

Purpose. Inspection and observation of the technical level of rail locomotive repair productions are conducted by the management team of the Department and the Locomotive division, audit sectors, expert groups within the production certification procedure. The faults revealed are fixed as linguistic expert reports which cannot assess their significance and identify priorities in terms of elimination. The paper aimed the development of methods for the conformance rating for locomotive repair production to legal requirements with conformance level determination. Methodology. Formalization of linguistic reports on the locomotive repair facility conformance takes into account the influence of a whole number of factors, their significance being determined by the expert assessment, formalized models of events when designing and analyzing the fault tree. In order to calculate the conformance, index the triple additive convolution with the weight coefficient is proposed. Investigation into interrelation between the integral index and the locomotive maintenance costs was conducted by methods of the correlation and regression analysis. Findings. The analysis of results of inspection and observation of the technical level of locomotive repair productions demonstrated a similar structure of expert reports on faults, which made it possible to present them as a vector. While transforming a multi-criterion problem into a single-criterion one of the most objective method, the weighted sum method, was applied. The conformance indices were calculated according to the results of observations on several locomotive repair productions. The correlation and regression analysis proved the influence of the conformance index of locomotive repair productions on locomotive maintenance overconsumption. Originality. The conformance rating methods for a technical level of locomotive repair productions based on linguistic expert reports which consider type of the fault detected, type of the technological process, type of the locomotive unit and type of the technical level of production have been designed. Practical value. Implementation of the methods designed will help undertake assessment of the faults detected, eliminate them according to the priority and invest more effectively in locomotive repair productions. The regressive equations obtained allow standardizing the conformance index and forecasting possible locomotive maintenance overconsumption by the results of inspection at repair productions.
Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus) feeding on Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in an Atlantic Forest remnant in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Gnocchi Ariana Pignaton , Srbek-Araujo Ana Carolina
Published: July 2017

Abstract There are few studies on the diet of Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus), despite its wide geographic distribution. The species is considered exclusively hematophagous, and medium and large-sized mammals are their main prey. In this study we report evidences of Common Vampire Bat feeding on Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in a protected area located in the north of the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, from camera trap records. The bat tried to access the Lowland Tapir by the posterior dorsolateral side of the body, and used the mean stratum of the vegetation as a point of support and observation between the consecutive offensives on the prey. In the same reserve, there were also two events of bat offensives on domesticated ox (Bos sp.). But in these cases the attacks occurred from the scapular region of the prey. The record here reported represents the first documented attack of Desmodus rotundus on Tapirus terrestris in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and one of the first records in the South America as a whole. Previous records were in the Pantanal (Brazil) and in the Amazon rainforest (Ecuador). The feeding on wild and domestic prey by Desmodus rotundus in the same locality may favor the transmission of rabies to populations of wild mammals, as well as to domestic animals, and may represent an economic and public health issue with negative effects also for wildlife.
'To do or not to do'? The neurobiology of decision-making in daily life: I. Getting the basics
Authors: Palmini André , Haase Victor Geraldi
Published: July 2017

Abstract The constant conflict between decisions leading to immediate pleasurable consequences versus behaviors aiming at long-term social advantages is reviewed here in the framework of the evolutionary systems regulating behavior. The inescapable temporal perspective in decision-making in everyday life is highlighted and integrated with the role of the executive functions in the modulation of subcortical systems. In particular, the representations of the 'non-existent' future in the prefrontal cortical regions and how these representations can bridge theory and practice in everyday life are addressed. Relevant discussions regarding the battle between emotions and reasons in the determination of more complex decisions in the realm of neuroeconomics and in moral issues have been reserved for a second essay.
Iowa gambling task: Administration effects in older adults
Authors: Schneider Daniela Di Giorgio , Wagner Gabriela Peretti , Denburg Natalie , Parente Maria Alice de Mattos Pimenta
Published: July 2017

Abstract The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) assesses decision-making. Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate whether specific changes in administering the IGT can affect performance of older adults completing the task. Method: Three versions of the IGT were compared regarding the feedback on the amount of money won or lost over the course of the test. The first version (I) consisted of a replication of the original version (Bechara et al., 1994), which utilizes a computerized visual aid (green bar) that increases or decreases according to the gains or the losses. The second version (II), however, involved a non-computerized visual aid (cards) and, in the third version (III) the task did not include any visual aid at all. Ninety-seven older adults, divided into three groups, participated in this study. Group I received computerized cues (n=40), group II, non-computerized cues (n=17) and III was submitted to a version without any cues (n=40). Results: The participants without any cues achieved only a borderline performance, whereas for those with non-computerized cues, twice the number of participants showed attraction to risk in relation to those with aversion. The participants of the computerized version were homogeneously spread across the three performance levels (impaired, borderline and unimpaired). Conclusions: Aspects of the complexity of the decision process as well as of the task used are proposed as possible theoretical explanations for the performance variation exhibited.
Anosognosia in Alzheimer´s disease: A neuropsychological approach
Authors: Zilli Bárbara Bomfim Caiado de Castro , Damasceno Benito Pereira
Published: July 2017

Abstract Anosognosia is often found in Alzheimer´s disease (AD), but its relationship with cognitivebehavioral changes is not well established. Objective: To verify if anosognosia is related to cognitive-behavioral disturbances, and to regional brain dysfunction as evaluated by neuroimaging. Methods: We included AD patients with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of 12 through 24, and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores of 1 or 2. Dementia diagnosis was based on DSM-IV and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. We used Self-Consciousness Questionnaire (SCQ) and Denial of Illness Scale (DIS), and following neuropsychological counterproofs: WAIS-R digit span, Rey auditory verbal learning, verbal fluency test (category: animals), Cummings´ neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) and Cornell scale for depression in dementia (CSDD). Results: We studied 21 patients (12 men, 9 women) with AD (14 mild, 7 moderate), age 72.4±8.5 years, education 4.9± 4.2 years, and MMSE score 18.2±5. SCQ and DIS did not correlate to age, education, or regional cerebral perfusion defects, but they tended to correlate to disease duration (and only SCQ also to MMSE). SCQ and DIS were correlated neither to CSDD, NPI, CDR, nor to any neuropsychological test. Significant correlations were found between SCQ and DIS, as well as between SCQ domain of "moral judgment" and MMSE. Conclusion: SCQ and DIS were not correlated to age, education, disease duration, cognitive-behavioral measures, dementia severity, or regional cerebral perfusion defects, but were correlated to each other, suggesting SCQ and DIS evaluate similar mental functions.
Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities: Surgical Margins Can Be Close as Long as the Resected Tumor Has No Ink on It
Authors: Harati Kamran , Goertz Ole , Pieper Andreas , Daigeler Adrien , Joneidi-Jafari Hamid , Niggemann Hiltrud , Stricker Ingo , Lehnhardt Marcus
Published: July 2017

Background

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) arising in the extremities pose a therapeutic challenge due to concerns of functional morbidity. Resections with negative margins are the mainstay of therapy, but the prognostic significance of surgical margins remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic impact of surgical margins and clear margin widths in patients with STS of the extremities.

Materials and Methods

We assessed the relationship between local recurrence-free (LRFS), disease-specific (DSS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) and potential prognostic factors retrospectively in a consecutive series of 643 patients treated at our institution between 1996 and 2016. Potential prognostic factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

The median follow-up time after primary diagnosis was 5.4 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.8–6.0). The five-year estimates of the DSS, LRFS, and MFS rates in the entire cohort were 85.3% (95% CI: 81.6–88.3), 65.3% (95% CI: 60.8–69.5) and 78.0% (95% CI: 74.1–81.4), respectively. Histological grade and the quality of surgical margins were independent prognostic factors of all three survival endpoints (LRFS, DSS, MFS) in multivariate analyses. Within the R0 subgroup, univariate and multivariate analyses of categorized (≤1 mm vs. 1–5 mm vs. >5 mm) and non-categorized margin widths revealed that close and wide negative margins led to similar outcomes. Adjuvant radiation improved local control independently, but not DSS and MFS.

Conclusion

Microscopically negative margins were associated with better LRFS, DSS, and MFS regardless of whether adjuvant radiation was applied. Here, surgical margins can be close as long as the resected tumor has no ink on it.
Development of Palliative Care in China: A Tale of Three Cities
Authors: Yin Zhenyu , Li Jinxiang , Ma Ke , Ning Xiaohong , Chen Huiping , Fu Haiyan , Zhang Haibo , Wang Chun , Bruera Eduardo , Hui David
Published: July 2017

Background

China is the most populous country in the world, but access to palliative care is extremely limited. A better understanding of the development of palliative care programs in China and how they overcome the barriers to provide services would inform how we can further integrate palliative care into oncology practices in China. Here, we describe the program development and infrastructure of the palliative care programs at three Chinese institutions, using these as examples to discuss strategies to accelerate palliative care access for cancer patients in China.

Methods

Case study of three palliative care programs in Chengdu, Kunming, and Beijing.

Results

The three examples of palliative care delivery in China ranged from a comprehensive program that includes all major branches of palliative care in Chengdu, a program that is predominantly inpatient-based in Kunming, and a smaller program at an earlier stage of development in Beijing. Despite the numerous challenges related to the limited training opportunities, stigma on death and dying, and lack of resources and policies to support clinical practice, these programs were able to overcome many barriers to offer palliative care services to patients with advanced diseases and to advance this discipline in China through visionary leadership, collaboration with other countries to acquire palliative care expertise, committed staff members, and persistence.

Conclusion

Palliative care is limited in China, although a few comprehensive programs exist. Our findings may inform palliative care program development in other Chinese hospitals.
The Harm in Kratom
Authors: Drago Joshua Z. , Lane Bennett , Kochav Jonathan , Chabner Bruce
Published: July 2017

A case of severe hepatic toxicity associated with the use of kratom, a plant derivative increasingly used as a psychostimulant, is discussed.
Horizontal highway segmentation optimisation using genetic algorithms
Authors: Borges Jr Nataniel P. , Borges Nicolas P. , Coelho Alexandre H. , Destri Jr Jorge , Valente Amir M.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the use of genetic algorithms (GAs) for optimising different global positioning system-based procedures for horizontal roadway alignment extraction. Two algorithms are proposed – one uses design information to guide the GA, aiming to evaluate the segmentation procedures' precision, while the other uses curve-similarity measures. The linear matching model, the discrete Fréchet distance and the modified Hausdorff distance were tested for guiding the optimisation algorithm in cases when there is no design information available. This paper also presents an extension to a segmentation method available in the literature for increasing the optimisation performance. The proposed algorithms were evaluated on a synthetic data set with 2100 curves. In the experiments, both algorithms correctly identified all the curves, with the best segmentation precision achieved by the algorithm with design information, closely followed by the curve-similarity metrics. Compared with manual segmentation, all showed good results.
Typology of high-speed rail city-to-city links
Authors: Moyano Amparo , Coronado José M.
Published: July 2017

The development of high-speed rail (HSR) networks is leading to a very complex situation in terms of network configuration and the variety of services. This new panorama presents very different feasible connections between city-pairs, multiplying the possibilities of travelling. This paper evaluates the characteristics of all city-pairs served by HSR in Spain through a clustering analysis, with the goal of deriving an HSR city-pair link typology. This assessment offers a new perspective on the HSR network as a multi-role system encompassing eight types of links with very different characteristics. Identifying these types of HSR links will be a useful transport-planning tool for emerging HSR networks to anticipate the different kinds of links they will encompass and for future HSR cities to foresee the possibility of benefiting from one or another type of link and adapting their policies and strategies according to their potential services.
Compensatory Distal Reabsorption Drives Diuretic Resistance in Human Heart Failure
Authors: Rao Veena S. , Planavsky Noah , Hanberg Jennifer S. , Ahmad Tariq , Brisco-Bacik Meredith A. , Wilson Francis P. , Jacoby Daniel , Chen Michael , Tang W.H. Wilson , Cherney David Z.I. , Ellison David H. , Testani Jeffrey M.
Published: July 2017

Understanding the tubular location of diuretic resistance (DR) in heart failure (HF) is critical to developing targeted treatment strategies. Rodents chronically administered loop diuretics develop DR due to compensatory distal tubular sodium reabsorption, but whether this translates to human DR is unknown. We studied consecutive patients with HF (n=128) receiving treatment with loop diuretics at the Yale Transitional Care Center. We measured the fractional excretion of lithium (FELi), the gold standard for in vivo assessment of proximal tubular and loop of Henle sodium handling, to assess sodium exit after loop diuretic administration and FENa to assess the net sodium excreted into the urine. The mean±SD prediuretic FELi was 16.2%±9.5%, similar to that in a control cohort without HF not receiving diuretics (n=52; 16.6%±9.2%; P=0.82). Administration of a median of 160 (interquartile range, 40–270) mg intravenous furosemide equivalents increased FELi by 12.6%±10.8% (P<0.001) but increased FENa by only 4.8%±3.3%. Thus, only 34% (interquartile range, 15.6%–75.7%) of the estimated diuretic-induced sodium release did not undergo distal reabsorption. After controlling for urine diuretic levels, the increase in FELi explained only 6.4% of the increase in FENa (P=0.002). These data suggest that administration of high-dose loop diuretics to patients with HF yields meaningful increases in sodium exit from the proximal tubule/loop of Henle. However, little of this sodium seems to reach the urine, consistent with findings from animal models that indicate that distal tubular compensatory sodium reabsorption is a primary driver of DR.
Loneliness and its opposite
Authors: Eijk Marieke van
Published: July 2017

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Remembering Klaas Willem van der Veen (1930–2016)
Authors: Geest Sjaak van der
Published: July 2017

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Lower extremities
Authors: Solomon Harris
Published: July 2017

How might global health evidence waste away? The thing that generates evidence in this case, the metabolism, offers some possible answers to this question. But it does so, sometimes, only when things devolve. This essay takes up the case of amputation in the case of diabetes. The ethnography of atrophy highlights how knowing and embodiment wither, all while the thing that is supposed to absorb the world – the metabolism – offers less and less return on such a promise.
Milk, meaning, and morality
Authors: Ross Fiona C. , Waltz Miriam
Published: July 2017

Donated human milk’s status comes into question as it leaves the mother-child relationship and is reconfigured through practices and discursive structures that seek to stabilise it as a specific kind of object. Based on research conducted in Cape Town, South Africa, we examine the crucial role of technologies in aiding the milk’s transformation as milk moves from donors’ homes into the clinical setting where it is received by preterm, low-birth weight newborns. We show that the milk shifts back and forth between being a bodily fluid, food, and medicine in the course of this trajectory. Different techniques foreground milk’s diverse properties as a set of moral decisions converges around saving, securing, and sustaining life, and materialising relationships.
Notes from the field
Authors: Sue Kim
Published: July 2017

Every day in my work as a resident physician, I deny my patients’ particular wishes about living and dying. It is not that I desire to be inhumane; rather, on a daily basis in my job, I am tasked with caring for patients who have been clinically marked with the diagnosis ‘failure to thrive’, in some way deeming them as unsafe to live out in the world. In this think piece, I trace the evolution of this term and what its growing use might mean. As a medical anthropologist, I feel deeply conflicted about these situations that physicians encounter routinely. And as I probed this internal conflict, I realized that the clinical diagnosis of ‘failure to thrive’ is actually an attempt by physicians to grapple with how the social world becomes embodied within our aging or chronically ill populations. Caring for these patients is a complicated, consuming task that also must be further illuminated in relation to the failures of self-care among trainees and practitioners of medicine. I consider here how anthropological theories of care and well-being of both patients and providers can illuminate this ongoing phenomenon of ‘failure to thrive’ among patients who are increasingly at the social margins.
Taking sides
Authors: Greco Cinzia
Published: July 2017

This think piece argues for a ‘partisan anthropology’. Building on lessons learned through my research about the practices of postmastectomy breast reconstruction in France and Italy, I reflect on the role of the researcher in fieldwork. In my own research, I acted as neither a militant nor an activist in the field, that is, I did not actively participate in the initiatives I observed. However, in the analysis stage, I decided to side with the patients I had met: my aim was to understand their experience of the illness and the therapies available, as well as their sometimes difficult relationship with the medical system. Having decided to take the patients’ side, I conducted a ‘partisan anthropology’. These reflections are intended as an effort to fully recognize the legitimacy and the scientific character of a partisan anthropology, building on previous arguments for militant and activist anthropology.
‘The power of living things’
Authors: McMillen Heather L. , Campbell Lindsay K. , Svendsen Erika S.
Published: July 2017

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Stigmatized places as therapeutic landscapes
Authors: Mokos Jennifer T.
Published: July 2017

Urban rivers in the United States have frequently been sites of long-term homeless encampments. Recent efforts to ‘restore’ these marginal waterways have focused on removing such camps, an approach that is justified in terms of concern for the health of both waterways and people. This article explores the intersection of landscape health and human health, based on twelve months of ethnographic research on the ecological restoration of the Ventura River in southern California. I argue that river-bottom camps contribute to the health and well-being of residents by helping them resist social exclusion and mitigate experiences of violence and stigma. It is important to recognize this complexity so that logics of exclusion are not unintentionally reproduced in how landscapes are understood, which can legitimate actions, such as camp removals, that cause marginalized communities additional harm. Embracing the complexity of therapeutic landscapes opens up possibilities for more just ways of restoring the health of human and nonhuman natures.