bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proton therapy delivery: what is needed in the next ten years?
Authors: Schreuder Andries N. , Shamblin Jacob
Published: November 2019

Proton radiation therapy has been used clinically since 1952, and major advancements in the last 10 years have helped establish protons as a major clinical modality in the cancer-fighting arsenal. Technologies will always evolve, but enough major breakthroughs have been accomplished over the past 10 years to allow for a major revolution in proton therapy. This paper summarizes the major technology advancements with respect to beam delivery that are now ready for mass implementation in the proton therapy space and encourages vendors to bring these to market to benefit the cancer population worldwide. We state why these technologies are essential and ready for implementation, and we discuss how future systems should be designed to accommodate their required features.
On the Efficiency of Random Permutation for ADMM and Coordinate Descent
Authors: Sun Ruoyu , Luo Zhi-Quan , Ye Yinyu
Published: November 2019

Random permutation is observed to be powerful for optimization algorithms: for multiblock ADMM (alternating direction method of multipliers), whereas the classical cyclic version diverges, the randomly permuted version converges in practice; for BCD (block coordinate descent), the randomly permuted version is typically faster than other versions. In this paper we provide strong theoretical evidence that random permutation has positive effects on ADMM and BCD, by analyzing randomly permuted ADMM (RP-ADMM) for solving linear systems of equations, and randomly permuted BCD (RP-BCD) for solving unconstrained quadratic problems. First, we prove that RP-ADMM converges in expectation for solving systems of linear equations. The key technical result is that the spectrum of the expected update matrix of RP-BCD lies in (−1/3, 1), instead of the typical range (−1, 1). Second, we establish expected convergence rates of RP-ADMM for solving linear systems and RP-BCD for solving unconstrained quadratic problems. This expected rate of RP-BCD is O(n) times better than the worst-case rate of cyclic BCD, thus establishing a gap of at least O(n) between RP-BCD and cyclic BCD. To analyze RP-BCD, we propose a conjecture of a new matrix algebraic mean-geometric mean inequality and prove a weaker version of it.
Balancing Professional Prototypes Increases the Valuation of Women in Male-Dominated Professions
Authors: Danbold Felix , Bendersky Corinne
Published: November 2019

We tackle the persistent problem of people from specific demographic groups (e.g., women) being undervalued in professional contexts in which traits associated with their group do not align with the traits perceived to be essential for success (the professional prototype). We introduce the concept of balancing professional prototypes such that group membership becomes irrelevant to determining an individual’s prototypicality. Using a novel technique called prototype inversion, we emphasize the importance of professional traits typically associated with an underrepresented group, without dismissing those associated with the currently prototypical group. By balancing the prototype in this way, it becomes easier to recognize the professional potential of members of underrepresented groups, without incurring backlash from the currently prototypical group. We conducted a full-cycle research project to demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy in the extreme context of women in firefighting using qualitative and quantitative methods and participants from both the laboratory and the field.
Miradas, espacios y relaciones en la Didáctica de las Artes Plásticas
Authors: Burset Silvia
Published: November 2019

Introducción al monográfico del nº 6 de Didacticae.
Public data art’s potential for digital placemaking
Authors: Georgescu Paquin Alexandra
Published: November 2019

Data-based public art is an innovating new form of digital art which presence is increasing in the cities datascape. Data as a medium provides a special relationship with time and space by connecting the context of data mining to the one of its exhibition. The virtual component of data art opens an augmented space, where the different dimensions of data are mediated. This essay analyses how this new artform can contribute to a creative and digital placemaking of a city by offering a special sensory experience as well as renewing the storytelling of its space. Three case studies support the analysis. “Living connections”, projected on an emblematic bridge in Montreal, contributes to a spectacular placemaking. “Interconnected”, a data sculpture in Charlotte airport, relates to infrastructure placemaking. Finally, “Herald / Harbinger” connects the industrialized society with nature in a global connection. The results participate to the reflection on the nature and specificity of data art as well as enhancing its potential of transforming public space by engaging a specific relation with time, place and people.
El patrimoni immaterial a través de propostes de mediació en ciutats turístiques: el cas del districte Sarrià-Sant Gervasi de Barcelona.
Authors: Salvador Marta , Abellan Calvet Núria
Published: November 2019

In many occasions, intangible cultural heritage can be illegible for those who would like to enjoy it due to its immateriality. That is why this article aims to take down these barriers through three mediation proposals for a touristic-cultural route in the district of Sarrià - Sant Gervasi (Barcelona). Moreover, another goal is to decentralize the touristic activity of the city, increasing the cultural offer in off-the-beaten track areas. Specifically, this itinerary aims to explain the history of the district through its most relevant individuals, emphasizing their heritage elements, facts, curiosities and anecdotes of the neighbourhood. The three mediation proposals are: a theatralised visit where the participants are the actors, a visit guided by QR codes that raise questions to the users and a nocturnal terror visit that finalizes with an escape room. Finally, some future researches are suggested linked to the tourists cities and the specific proposal.
A imprensa e o Vintismo no Maranhão, Brasil (1820-1823)
Authors: Costa Maria Bertolina
Published: November 2019

O estabelecimento da imprensa no Maranhão (1821) inaugurou no processo político da província uma nova realidade assinalada pela crescente participação da opinião pública no jogo do poder. Dessa forma, de novembro de 1821 até 1826, a tipografia ficou sob o controle do governo, que a usou para difundir e defender os princípios constitucionais/vintistas e os atos da administração provincial. O léxico político alarga-se e complexifica-se. Contudo, é reveladora a tarefa cívica e pedagógica iniciada pelo jornal O Conciliador do Maranhão em prol da necessidade de incutir melhor certos conceitos políticos tidos por fundamentais para a sociedade maranhense. Assim na imprensa no teatro sentiam-se os ecos da mudança política e estes pareciam assumir um papel pedagógico de educar a sociedade para o exercício do jogo político do Estado e da Nação moderna.
Política Económica e modernização industrial no Estado Novo
Authors: Henriques Francisco
Published: November 2019

Neste artigo estudamos a aplicação do Condicionamento Industrial do Estado Novo à indústria de conservas de peixe, uma das principais exportações portuguesas. Retomando a problemática da regulação no desenvolvimento industrial do país, procuramos explicar o impacto do mecanismo burocrático durante o segundo pós-guerra, medindo os seus resultados quantitativos, mas tentando sobretudo compreender as suas relações com outras políticas económicas e sociais do regime. Através de novas fontes documentais, propomos analisar o processo decisório do Condicionamento Industrial, tradicionalmente centrado na administração do Estado, a partir da actuação das empresas e dos organismos corporativos.
Fernanda Olival, The Military Orders and the Portuguese Expansion (15th and 16th Centuries), Transl. James W. Nelson Novoa and Martin Malcom Elbl, Ontario, Baywolf Press, 2018, 195 páginas, ISBN: 978-0-921437-54-3
Authors: Mata Cristóvão
Published: November 2019

https://doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_50_14
Margarita Torremocha Hernández, Cárcel de Mujeres en el Antiguo Régimen – Teoría y realidad penitenciaria de las galeras, Gobierno de España, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Madrid, Dykinson, S.L., 2018, 307 p., ISBN: 978-84-9148-966-5
Authors: Fonseca Mariana Ramos
Published: November 2019

https://doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_50_17
Se o Rio é lusitano, por que a Ilha das Flores não o é?
Authors: Reznik Luis , Fernandes Rui Aniceto Nascimento , Costa Julianna Carolina Oliveira
Published: November 2019

Laços históricos e culturais tornaram os portugueses o principal grupo de imigrantes que se fixaram no Brasil, especialmente no Rio de Janeiro. Os estudos que já se dedicaram ao tema ressaltam variados aspectos: os estímulos à emigração, as estratégias de fixação e de reconstrução de identidades no novo país, as solidariedades e sociabilidades proporcionadas, as relações mantidas entre os dois lados do Atlântico etc. Um aspecto pouco analisado diz respeito aos processos de recepção desse grupo no Rio de Janeiro, em especial, sua presença na Hospedaria da Ilha das Flores, dispositivo criado em 1883, e que ocupou papel central nas ações de recepção de imigrantes das políticas imperial e republicana. Nesse sentido objetivamos analisar esses processos relacionando-o à Hospedaria da Ilha das Flores, na primeira década de funcionamento desta instituição, 1883-1892.
Identity Politics, Citizenship and the Soft State in Indonesia: an Essay
Authors: Nordholt Henk Schulte
Published: November 2019

Since 1998, administrative decentralisation, regional autonomy and ethnic and religious conflicts in areas outside Java have put identity politics high on the political agenda in Indonesia. This paper examines various expressions of these new identity politics and how they are related to, and derived from, older colonial concepts and categories. Examples from Riau and Bali illustrate how ethnic and religious repertoires are used to express political ambitions and mobilise popular support. Since 1998 Indonesia also witnessed a successful transition to electoral democracy. Whether democracy will take root in a more substantial way depends on the extent to which a notion of citizenship can be reinforced. It is argued that this notion of citizenship can only be maintained through the strengthening of the rule of law. In this respect it is also important to focus on the uneasy relationship between electoral democracy and ethnic and religious sentiments that tend to give far more attention to exclusive group interests while excluding a shared sense of citizenship. The paper concludes that democracy and citizenship, which are based on the rule of law, can only be achieved by strengthening the administrative and law-enforcing capacity of the state.
Indonesia�s State Enterprises: from State Leadership to International Consensus
Authors: Sungkar Yasmin
Published: November 2019

The survival of state-owned enterprises and continued investment by the state was assisted by high rates of economic growth in Indonesia throughout the 1980s. The currency crisis in the region, which began in mid-1997, destroyed the expectation that rapid growth would continue. In this climate, the loss-making state companies were a serious financial burden, and privatisation has been promoted as a quick solution. It appears that the crisis reintroduced momentum for reform in the huge state-enterprise sector. In response to IMF pressure and its own fiscal difficulties, the government took several measures to reform the state sector. The economic crisis provided a catalyst because it forced the government to assess more seriously the value of state companies. There was an urgent need to sell state-owned assets to relieve the state budget when economic recovery slowed. This paper examines the efforts to reform the state sector during ten years of Reformasi, including the debate over privatisation and the emergence of strong resistance to reform. It appears that the crisis has strengthened the hand of reformers seeking to privatise the state sector. However, despite the logic of government efforts to reform inefficient state companies, there has been a battle with each step towards privatisation.
Ten Years of Reforms: the Impacts of an Increase in the Price of Oil on Welfare
Authors: Adam Latif , Lestari Esta
Published: November 2019

The Asian economic crisis that erupted in Indonesia in mid-1997 has resulted in fundamental changes in the structure of the Indonesian economy. For instance, although it was a controversial decision, the fuel subsidy has been extensively reduced since 2000 because of government budget constraints. This paper examines the decision of the government to eliminate the fuel subsidy (and increase the price of fuel) from 2000. It also measures to what extent such a decision has affected the level of peoples welfare in 2005. Using regression analysis, the paper indicates that the decision of the government to increase the price of oil, together with several other variables, correlates negatively with the level of peoples welfare. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the government should be careful in responding to the current conditions in the oil market where the world oil price fluctuates and has increased sharply. Instead of increasing the domestic fuel price, there are several actions that the government can take to respond to the increasing world oil price. Among them are implementing a cross-subsidy policy to redistribute income from higher to lower income groups, making comprehensive plans to increase and achieve lifting oil target, and intensifying efforts to diversify sources of energy.
Cross-Cultural Alliance-Making and Local Resistance in the Moluccas during the Revolt of Prince Nuku, c. 1780�1810 (PhD Dissertation, Universiteit Leiden, 2007)
Authors: Widjojo Muridan S.
Published: November 2019

Fine and rare spices were the primary reason for the Europeans to establish trading posts in Asia. The Dutch took control of the Moluccas at the beginning of the seventeenth century following the establishment of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1602. The use of force and diplomacy to force out their trading rivalsthe Spaniards, Portuguese and their allieswas planned and designed from the outset. How the VOCs power structures were set up in the Spice Islands of eastern Indonesia differed from place to place. In Banda, the regions power structure and organisation of trade and politics was destroyed with the extermination and forced evacuation of the Bandanese population. In Ambon, the VOC established direct rule over an indigenous population that took sixty years to assure. In Ternate, the most important state in the Moluccas at that time, the VOC employed indirect rule; it ruled through the sultans, whom they kept on a short leash by controlling successions and putting their favourites on the throne.
A Small Step in Understanding the Social, Religious and Political Economy Con?icts in Rural Java
Authors: Rembeth Victor
Published: November 2019

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Implementation of the Compulsory Nine-Year Basic Education Program: Opportunities and Constraints at Household and Community Level
Authors: Handayani Titik , Soewartoyo Soewartoyo , Sukarno Makmuri
Published: November 2019

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Understanding Indonesia: the Role of Economic Nationalism
Authors: Wie Thee Kian
Published: November 2019

In this paper it is argued that economic nationalism in Indonesia, in its variousmanifestations, has been an important factor in determining particular economicpolicies since Indonesias independence up to the present. These economic policiesparticularly related to the ownership of productive assets owned by foreigners orby residents considered to be foreign, particularly Dutch business interests before1957 and the ethnic Chinese, including Sino-Indonesians, and to the economicfunctions performed by foreigners or by foreign residents. Focusing on one factoralone to understand Indonesia, specifcally Indonesias economic policies over time,is necessarily arbitrary and subjective. However, looking at Indonesias moderneconomic history since independence through the prism of economic nationalismdoes to an important degree explain or highlight the major considerations underlyingparticular economic policies of the Indonesian government because they re?ectedIndonesias national aspirations or national interests.
Music for the Pria Dewasa: Changes and Continuities in Class and Pop Music Genres
Authors: Baulch Emma
Published: November 2019

This paper presents Rolling Stone Indonesia1 (RSI) and places it in an historical context to tease out some changes and continuities in Indonesian middle-class politics since the beginning of the New Order. Some political scientists have claimed that class interests were at the core of the transition from Guided Democracy to the New Order, and popular music scholars generally assert that class underlies pop genre distinctions. But few have paid attention to how class and genre were written into Indonesian pop in the New Order period; Indonesian pop has a fascinating political history that has so far been overlooked. Placing RSI in historical perspective can reveal much about the print medias classing of pop under New Order era political constraints, and about the ways these modes of classing may or may not have endured in the post-authoritarian, globalised and liberalised media environment
Local Government Responses to HIV and AIDS in the Border Areas: a Case Study of Batam
Authors: Situmorang Augustina , Purwaningsih Sri Sunarti
Published: November 2019

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The Social Life of Reconciliation: Religion and the Struggle for Social Justice in Post-New order Indonesia
Authors: Thufail Fadjar I
Published: November 2019

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Breaking the Silence: Articulating the Memories of the Tanjung Priok Victims
Authors: Akmaliah Wahyudi
Published: November 2019

For the victims of atrocities, the past is not the past: it remains a trauma. The more they try to forget, the more entrenched their memories become. Hence, memory is a means for sustaining their quest for justicea way victims and their advocates can keep faith in their pursuit of truth, accountability and legal restitution. Unlike the situation during the Suharto presidency when the Indonesian people were silenced, this paper is now able to examine the memories, now articulated, of the people a?ected by the Tanjung Priok tragedy, which have appeared since Suhartos fall. This gives momentum to a new phase of political development in which Indonesians, particularly the victims of violence, may break their silence to pursue justice. The following questions need to be asked: what are the circumstances that have encouraged the victims to articulate their memories in the 17 years since Suhartos departure? In what way have they kept their memories fresh? This paper argues that the main reason they articulate their memory is because of the traumas that always haunted them during the Suharto presidency. The trauma and injustices experienced; the torture, gaol, and the stigma attached to them by the Suharto regimes propaganda, all ensured that the general Indonesian social memory of the events at Tanjung Priok was false and distorted. But those sites of memory, the rites, monuments, and memoirs served to strengthen the articulation of those memories to enable some redress after Suharto regime had ended.
Reframing Sustainability in the Age of SDGS
Authors: Dalimunthe Syarifah Aini
Published: November 2019

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From Brussels to Bogor: Contacts, Networks and the History of the Bandung Conference 1955
Authors: Utama Wildan Sena
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the roots of the Bandung Conference of 1955 by tracing the alliance of Asian and African worldwide internationalism and anti-imperialism that existed since the early twentieth century. It attempts to show that although the conference emerged during the height of the Cold War, the network behind this alliance had gradually developed since the interwar period. The solidarity of this alliance lay in the common history of the colonized people that struggled to become sovereign. Contacts, meetings and conferences that took place in Europe and Asia juxtaposed the anti-imperialist movement of Asian and African countries. This article argues that the Bandung Conference 1955 was the culmination of relationships and connections of an Afro-Asian group who had been long oppressed by colonialism, racism and class superiority.
The Defects of Police Reform in Indonesia
Authors: Haripin Muhamad , Siregar Sarah Nuraini
Published: November 2019

This paper discusses the development of the Indonesian National Police (POLRI) in undertaking internal reform, and its place within the democratic transition in Indonesia. This paper tries to enrich the on-going discussion on police and political dynamics, and to provide valuable insight into internal debates. The main challenges to advancing reform are identifed, which are the politicization of the police and external obstruction.
Unboxing the Dynamics of Land and Natural Resource Management in Indonesia
Authors: Ekaputri Andini Desita
Published: November 2019

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The Importance of Understanding Adolescent Issues
Authors: Baskoro Andhika Ajie
Published: November 2019

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Sustainable Cities in the Netherlands: Urban Green Spaces Management in Rotterdam
Authors: Syahid Choerunisa Noor , Lissandhi Ayu Nova , Lissandhi Ayu Nova , Novianti Kurnia , Lissandhi Ayu Nova , Reksa Abdul Fikri Angga , Novianti Kurnia , Novianti Kurnia , Reksa Abdul Fikri Angga , Reksa Abdul Fikri Angga
Published: November 2019

One of the challenges of sustainable urban development is to provide a viable environment for the population following the function of space and community activities within it. Research on green space in the Netherlands is important as a response to the global environmental crisis as well as the realization of sustainable development. This research uses an interdisciplinary approach through the analysis of the phenomena of spatial management in the context of local-global sustainable urban development. An interdisciplinary approach is used because the issue of "sustainable cities" is multidimensional, so it takes more than one perspective in reviewing it, in this multidisciplinary research involved among other anthropology, urban social planning, and sociology. Based on the research problem formulated, the science perspectives are expected to answer the question of how space is interpreted, negotiated and become a vehicle for the distribution of sustainable development ideas. This dynamic also captures the context of green space management so that this study contributes to enriching theoretical studies on the construction of urban spaces. This research question is answered through qualitative methods of collecting primary data through interviews, focused discussions and observations, as well as searching related literature as secondary data. The result of this study found that the attention of the Dutch environmental policy has also regulated spatial management, primarily related to "space" as part of human activities and has environmental and social impacts. Spatial policy in the Dutch context is articulated as a place of negotiation embodied in the EU's global and regional collective consensus.
Food Sovereignty and The Paradox of Agricultural Development
Authors: Kurniawan Fuat Edi
Published: November 2019

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Inconsistency And Incoherence in the Amended Constitution Of Indonesia
Authors: Sorik Sutan
Published: November 2019

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The Sense of Belonging Amongst Tourism Students in Brazil: An assessment comparing perceptions of bachelor and associate degree students.
Authors: Añaña Edar da Silva , Mello Simone Portella Teixeira de , Severo Patrícia Schneider , Borges Gustavo da Rosa
Published: November 2019

This work analyzes the profiles of undergraduate students of tourism at two public universities in the south of Brazil, aiming to understand the motivations that led them to choose a career in tourism, and how they integrate themselves into the social fabric and appropriate the university as their own. It is a descriptive and predominantly quantitative study, focusing on undergraduate students enrolled in different types of career paths: a bachelor’s degree and a technologist degree (similar to an associate degree) in tourism. Primary data on the students were collected through a structured questionnaire, with questions related to the students’ personal profiles, their route of entry to the universities, their motivations for studying tourism at those universities, and their sense of belonging to the university and to the city in general. The data were analyzed using Exploratory/Confirmatory Factor Analysis (E-CFA) to test factors brought from the literature, a Structural Equation Model Analysis to assess the relationships between the factors, and mean comparisons to identify significant differences between universities and groups. The results confirmed that the motivations for choosing to major in tourism are influenced by the opinions of others and by the convenience at the university; they also confirmed that the motivations for choosing tourism as a career influence social integration and the sense of academic belongingness.
Dynamic pricing and price fairness perceptions: a study of the use of the Uber app in travels
Authors: Santos Flavio Andrew do Nascimento , Mayer Verônica Feder , Marques Osiris Ricardo Bezerra
Published: November 2019

: Dynamic pricing is considered an efficient method of price management and has been used by hotels and airlines for decades. More recently, the urban mobility application (app) of Uber, present in more than 600 cities, has introduced real-time dynamic pricing to match supply and demand for the service. Although the literature highlights the benefits of dynamic pricing, behavioral economists argue that these price variations can be considered unfair. Thus, the objectives of this study are: to examine how consumers and tourists judge Uber’s price fairness; to investigate the perceptions of surge pricing and suppression of information about the price multiplier when requesting the service; and to examine the behavioral outcomes from perceived price unfairness. This study adopts a qualitative and exploratory approach using focus group method. The main results suggest that the perception of price depends on the context and evaluation of service benefits; although dynamic pricing can be considered acceptable, under certain conditions it can trigger feelings of unfairness and negative emotions on the part of consumers; and that tourists can adopt behavioral strategies to minimize the uncertainty of dynamic prices.
A hospitalidade e a influência do atendimento na percepção de satisfação dos hóspedes em hotéis de luxo no Brasil
Authors: Crotti Maria Stela Reis , Moretti Sérgio Luiz do Amaral
Published: November 2019

A hotelaria de luxo está relacionada à diferenciação, à ostentação e às experiências raras. No Brasil, a avaliação e a classificação hoteleira baseiam-se em dois importantes pilares: instalações e serviços. Essa combinação pode criar uma diferenciação no posicionamento de alguns hotéis. A despeito de sua importância, existe uma grande lacuna de conhecimento neste campo, evidenciada pela ausência de estudos acadêmicos, principalmente relacionando a hospitalidade e a hotelaria de luxo no Brasil. Este artigo pretendeu analisar em que medida os conceitos de hospitalidade influenciam o atendimento de hotéis de luxo e verificar se afetam a satisfação dos usuários. Os procedimentos conciliaram os pressupostos para uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas. Os dados foram coletados junto a uma amostra de 462 hóspedes de um mailing list que incluía 25 hotéis de luxo classificados pelo TripAdvisor. Os resultados obtidos por meio do software SmartPLS 3 permitiram identificar que existem relações positivas entre Hospitalidade, Atendimento Diferenciado e Satisfação, não refutando as hipóteses propostas. Reforçou-se a premissa de que o momento do encontro no setor de serviços, principalmente o hoteleiro de luxo, é o principal fator que se deve colocar atenção nesta área, constituindo-se de uma contribuição tanto para a academia quanto para o campo gerencial. Esta pesquisa pode trazer para os gestores do setor hoteleiro insumo para que se construam estratégias associadas a práticas hoteleiras que visem à satisfação de seus hóspedes de acordo com suas expectativas.
Hospitalidade, experiências e emoções
Authors: Alves Carlos Alberto , Marques Roseane Barcellos , Stefanini Claudio José , Nascimento Vania de Souza
Published: November 2019

Devido à importância que a hospitalidade possui dentro do turismo, criar uma verdadeira experiência de hospitalidade para os consumidores pode aumentar a satisfação do hóspede e o desempenho dos negócios em turismo, portanto o objetivo principal desta pesquisa é o de investigar e confirmar o papel da hospitalidade enquanto teoria e sua relação com a experiência do hóspede, suas emoções, sua satisfação e sua intenção comportamental. Como a finalidade da pesquisa é o de investigar e confirmar as relações entre hospitalidade, experiências, emoções, satisfação e intenção comportamentais, um estudo quantitativo com uso de técnicas multivariadas de dados foi realizado com uso de modelagem de equações estruturais e um levantamento com 308 hóspedes de hotéis foi conduzido. Os resultados mostraram que o entendimento da hospitalidade nas atividades comerciais não é inóspita por natureza e é mais do que um encontro de serviço porque possui seus próprios rituais sociais é um fator importante para a experiência e as emoções dos hóspedes. Como consequência desse resultado é possível observar que um hóspede tende a possuir uma intenção comportamental mais favorável à organização quando percebe e experimenta hospitalidade por parte do hotel.
THE STUDY OF THE PECULIARITIES OF THE COMPOSITION OF WOODY GREEN SPRUCE IN THE ARCTIC RE-GION OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA AND POSSIBILITIES OF ITS COMPLEX PROCESSING
Authors: Tatarintseva Valeriya Gennadyevna , Kutakova Natal'ia Alekseevna , Zubov Ivan Nikolaevich
Published: November 2019

Spruce contains a huge variety of bioactive substances concentration and composition of which are determined by both species and climate factors. Particularities of biosynthesis of these compounds in conditions of cold climate and high level of bogginess are underexplored. For this reason the aim of the work is to investigate the particularities of composition of common spruce which vegetates on the subarctic territory of Russian Federation and to study if there is the possibility of its processing into saleable products. The main methods of spruce conversion are extraction and mechanic grinding of fresh and extracted spruce to procure feeding flour. In this work extraction was conducted with such methods as infusion, reflux with infusion in Soxhlet apparatus and reflux in Twisselman apparatus. Ethanol at a concentration 96% was used as extracting agent. It was identified that method of reflux allows us to get the ultimate yield of extractives, reflux with infusion in Soxhlet apparatus permits extraction with the lowest degradation of bioactive substances. The total yield of extractives, component context of extracts (water soluble substances, fats, pigments, flavonoids, sugars, ascorbic acid), microelements were determined. Coniferous paste is a product obtained on the basis of alcohol extracts, and is not inferior in quality to chlorophyll carotin paste. Feeding flour which was procured from extracted spruce has quite good digestibility and could be serviceable enough for feeding purposes.
ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF LIPOPHILIC SUBSTANCES IN HERACLEUM SOSNOWSKYI JUICE BEFORE AND AFTER ELECTRIC DISCHARGE CAVITATION TREATMENT
Authors: Punegov Vasiliy Vital'yevich , Gruzdev Ivan Vladimirovich , Triandafilov Aleksandr Femistoklovich
Published: November 2019

The results of the study of extracts from the entire aerial part of the Sosnovsky Hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi, collected in the flowering phase, before and after the electric-discharge cavitation treatment using gas chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry) are presented. both aromatic and non-aromatic structure not characteristic of the native juice H. sosnowskyi. In the native juice of the plant identified from furanocumrins: metaxalene, isopimpinellin and angelicin. When electrically discharge cavitating the sap of a plant, these furanocoumarins are completely destructed. 3 benzyl alcohol. Among the organic acids in the juice of H. sosnowskyi after the electric discharge cavitation effect, 2-hydroxy-propionic and succinic acids are the absolute dominant. Depending on the phase of plant development, in which plant materials were harvested and the processing conditions of H. sosnowskyi juice, the component composition of organic substances in the final product can vary greatly, which is confirmed by the detection of robust acid in the second batch of H. sosnowskyi juice. Given the high content of succinic acid in the juice of H. sosnowskyi, subjected to cavitation effects, the authors consider it expedient to investigate in the future the growth-promoting properties of the obtained product when growing agricultural crops.
RECOVERY OF PERFORMED COOKING SOLUTIONS AT OXIDATIVE-ORGAN-SOLVENT WARNES IN NEEDRE PLANT RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Vurasko Alesya Valer'yevna , Minakova Anastasiya Rashitovna , Simonova Elena Igorevna
Published: November 2019

The possibility of recovering the spent cooking solution with the replacement of the missing amount of lignifying reagents in the oxidative-organic solvent cooking of non-woody plant raw materials (rice husk) with preliminary alkaline treatment and the production of technical pulp with desired properties is shown. Analysis of scientific and patent information revealed that two methods of regeneration are used for regeneration of spent cooking solutions during oxidation-organosolve cooking: azeotropic distillation and return of part of the spent cooking solution for re-cooking with the completion of the missing amount of reagents. For the oxidation-organosolvent cooking non-wood plant materials the most promising is the second option. To avoid the preservation of mineral components in industrial pulp, non-wood plant materials are subjected to alkaline treatment. It has been established that to obtain technical pulp with recovery of the spent cooking solution, it is required two times less acetic acid and 1.7 times fresh water as compared to oxidation-organic solvent cooking under standard conditions with a constant amount of caustic soda.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PHENOL COMPOUNDS FROM HERBS OF CORNFLOWER BLUE
Authors: Podolina Elena Alekseyevna , Khanina Minisa Abdullayevna , Rudakov Oleg Borisovich , Nebolsin Aleksandr Egorovich
Published: November 2019

There was studied one- and three-fold solid-liquid extraction of natural phenolic compounds (NPC) (in terms of rutin and tannin) from various morphological parts of blue cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) on an ultrasonic device created in the research laboratory of the design bureau of the ISS (Voronezh). The optimal time of solid-liquid extraction at the ultrasonic unit has been determined, taking into account wetting and swelling of vegetable raw materials. The quantitative content of NPC (in terms of rutin and tannin) as a percentage of the total content in raw materials at the first stage is about 60%, at the second stage is 25%, and the third one is 18%. It was established that with threefold extraction, the yield of NPC from medicinal plant raw materials increases at the average of 8–10% compared with a one-time extraction. There is offered an improved technique of solid-liquid extraction on the ultrasound unit and UV spectrophotometric determination of NPC from different morphological parts of the blue cornflower. The technique is characterized by the absence of a systematic error, and the relative error at a confidence level of 0.95 does not exceed 5%. The duration of the analysis, taking into account the stage of wetting and osmotic swelling, triple extraction on the ultrasound unit and UV spectrophotometric determination of rutin and tannin in water-ethanol extracts is 40–45 minutes.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE METHOD TO QUANTIFY THE AMOUNT OF PHENOLIC ACIDS IN AERIAL PARTS OF ZIZIPHORA CLINOPODIOIDES LAM.
Authors: Andreeva Valeriya Yur'yevna , Kalinkina Galina Il'inichna , Li Valeriya Vladimirovna
Published: November 2019

Development and validation of method for quantitative determination of the amount of phenolic acids in the aerial part of the Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam.

Objective: to develop and conduct a validation assessment of the method for determining the content of the amount of phenolic acids in the Ziziphora clinopodioides.

The method of quantification of phenolic acids equivalent to chlorogenic acid by direct spectrophotometry in aerial parts of the Ziziphora clinopodioides has been developed based on the study of the absorption spectrum of an aqueous-alcoholic extract. The influence of the following factors on the yield of phenolic acids was studied: the nature of the extractant, the ratio of raw material: extractant, the degree of particle fineness, the extraction multiplicity, the extraction temperature; their optimum values were established.

The method of quantitative determination of the amount of phenolic acids in the aerial part of the Ziziphora clinopodioides is validated; it has been established that the proposed method is highly sensitive, correct, reproducible and suitable for use in an analytical laboratory based on the data obtained.
THE EFFECT OF LONG EXPOSURE OF BIRCH, ASPEN AND PINE SAWDUST IN WATER ON YIELD AND SPECIF-IC SURFACE AREA OF THE CARBON PRODUCT
Authors: Tsyganova Svetlana Ivanovna , Mazurova Yelena Valentinovna , Bondarenko Galina Nikolayevna , Fetisova Ol'ga Yur'yevna
Published: November 2019

The article presented researches concerning the effect of prolonged exposure in water of wood of different species - birch, aspen and pine, on the formation of carbon materials structure during carbonization. The possibility of using wood waste of different species, subject to long exposure in water, to obtain more porous carbon materials than using original wood is shown.

It was established that the aging of different species in water stimulates the disclosure of the porous structure of the carbon product. This particularly applies to the carbon product of pine wood, the specific surface area which increases from 10 to 455 m2 g-1. It was shown that the yield of the carbon product, increases by 15–25 wt.% using wood prolonged exposure in water.

Using XRD and electron microscopy, features of the structural transformation of birch, aspen and pine wood subjected to water treatment were revealed. Prolonged exposure of different wood species in the water affects the degree of crystallinity of the cellulose fiber in wood. The crystalline component of pine is exposed to the greatest destruction under the action of water.

It was noted that after water treatment of wood, the part of the amorphous component in the carbon product increases, regardless of the type of wood used.
DETERMINATION OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLS AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF MOMORDICA COCHINCHINENSIS SEED OIL AND SOME OTHER PLANTS OF THIS GENUS
Authors: Nguyen Anh Van , Deineka Viktor Ivanovich , Pham Long Quoc , Doan Phuong Lan , Deineka Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , Vu Anh Thi Ngoc , Dinh Thuy Thi Thu
Published: November 2019

The oils of Momordica cochinchinensis seeds were collected in 15 regions of Vietnam and studied by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Two detectors were used in the work – diode-array detector and mass spectrometric detector with mixed ionization: chemical ionization at atmospheric pressure and ionization by electrospray. It was found that triacylglycerols (TAG) of all oils contain substituents of one dominant acid – α-eleostearic acid, mole fraction of the acid between fatty acid substituents was 58.1–72.4%, thus the seeds of the plant are a valuable raw material for the production of pharmacologically important oil. It was found that the three types of seed oils of Momordica genus (M. charantia, M. cochinchinensis, and M. subangulata) belong to the same type of oil while the seed oil of another species of the genus M. balsamina is characterized by simultaneous biosynthesis of two conjugated octadecatrienoic acids: α-eleostearic and punic. To evaluate the specificity of the TAG types biosynthesis is proposed the parameter of the ration of the experimental and theoretically possible (with equal probability of occupation of different positions in glycerol moiety by acid substituents) TAG mole fractions. It was found that the main oil TAG, di-α-eleostearate-stearate) is synthesized with high specificity.
FEATURES EXTRACTS FROM BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PLANT MATERIALS IN CONNECTION WITH THE EXTRAC-TION IN SUBCRITICAL CONDITIONS AND THE DIRECTED BIOSYNTHESIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES
Authors: Tikhomirova Lyudmila Ivanovna , Bazarnova Natal'ja Grigor'evna , Ilicheva Tat'yana Nikolayevna
Published: November 2019

The technique of obtaining extracts in subcritical conditions requires less time and material costs, the process is more environmentally friendly, and the resulting extract has a sufficiently high quality and does not contain toxic impurities.

As a result of laboratory studies, extracts from biotechnological raw materials Potentilla longifolia, Potentilla chrisantha, Potentilla fruticosa, and Iris sibirica, extracted by water and ethyl alcohol in traditional and subcritical conditions. The amount of extractive substances in the sub-critical conditions was 1.3 times more extracted by water.  The extracts found the presence of condensed and hydrolyzed tannins, xanthones, flavonoids, coumarins and other phenolic compounds, as well as alkaloids. In our experiment, anthracene derivatives were extracted only under subcritical conditions.

The developed technology for the production of medicinal plant raw materials Iris sibirica L. on the basis of hydroponics conjugated with the clonal micro-multiplication allows to increase the content of extractive substances in the regenerants by 2 times as a result of directed biosynthesis in the cultivation of 2.5 µmМ of 6-benzylaminopurine, and 1.3 times increase the content of flavonoids in the media with 7.5 µmМ of 6-benzylaminopurine. And raw materials for the production of extract I. sibirica with antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type II should be grown on media containing 5.0-10.0 µmМ BAP + 1.0 µmM NAA + 0.1 µmM IBA.
PREPARATION OF NANOCELLULOSE FROM NON-WOOD PLANT RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Momziakova Kseniya Sergeyevna , Deberdeev Timur Rustamovich , Vershinin Maksim Sergeyevich , Leksin Vladimir Viktorovich , Momziakov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Deberdeev Rustam Yakubovich
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this work was to study the possibility of obtaining nanocellulose (NC) by ultrasonic (US) processing in the medium of liquid nitrogen (LN) powdered cellulose. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to determine the effect of the time of ultrasonic treatment in the medium of LN on the dispersed composition, crystallinity index and degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose samples. Studies were performed using a powder X-ray diffractometer, a laser particle analyzer, and a scanning and transmission electron microscope. DP of cellulose was determined by the viscosity of its solution in cadoxene by the standard method. It has been found that cryogenic grinding of flax cellulose samples does not lead to significant changes in its structural modification and degree of crystallinity, which indicates the high resistance of this material to such effects. However, ultrasonic exposure in the medium of LN with the subsequent treatment with 25%, 45%, 65% H2SO4 allows to obtain cellulose nanospheres with a diameter of 48 to 437 nm and a yield of up to 40%. Unlike other types of nanoparticles (nanofibrillary, nanocrystalline cellulose), cellulose nanospheres have a larger surface area, which opens up the possibility of their effective use for the modification of composite materials.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HORNY ALTAI PEATS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Inisheva Lidiya Ivanovna , Rozhanskaya Ol'ga Aleksandrovna , Larina Galina Vasil'yevna
Published: November 2019

The search for new raw materials of biologically active substances of natural origin is an urgent task for the modern period. Peat in this respect is a relatively cheap and almost unlimited raw material base. Peat of swamps can be used widely in agriculture for receipt of biologically active substances are of great interest in the territory of the Gorny Altai. The purpose of this work is to study the composition of organic matter of peats of the Gorny Altai, to choose peat raw materials for biologically active production and to study their biological activity. The object of the study was 46 swamps of the Gorny Altai. The following analyses were carried out in peats: botanical composition, degree of decomposition, ash content, group composition of peat organic matter. The composition of humic acids (ha) was analyzed by IR spectroscopy. For determine of the biological activity of humic acids was used plant tissue cultured . The results of the research allowed to distinguish peats by the content of HA: buckbean peat (47.0% of HA), wood peat (50.0% of HA), fern peat (55.0% of HA), grass peat (30.0–45.0% of HA), sedge peat (5.6–58.0% of HA), grass-buckbean peat (43.0–56.5% of HA) and to outline the raw material base for the production of BAS – peatland Turochak. According to the optimal characteristics of HAs, a sample was taken from a depth of 325-375 cm, HA was isolated. The biological activity In humic acid was determined with the use of plant tissue culture. High biological activity are proven of the preparations of HA from the peatland Turochak, which resulted in the acceleration of microclonal propagation of plants in vitro.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD OF QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS IN THE FLOWERS OF CRATAEGUS SUBMOLLIS SARG.
Authors: Kurkin Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Pravdivtseva Ol'ga Yevgen'yevna , Morozova Tat'yana Vladimirovna , Kurkina Anna Vladimirovna , Shaikhutdinov Il'nur Khyasyainovich , Kretova Anastasiya Andreyevna
Published: November 2019

The flowers and fruits of various species of the hawthorn genus (Crataegus L.) are widely used in domestic and foreign medical practice as cardiotonic preparations. In our opinion, Crataegus submolls Sarg. is a perspective species for collection of the raw materials. Crataegus submolls Sarg. is successfully cultivated in the Russian Federation and is distinguished by its rapid growth and high yield compared with wild-growing species. Moreover, the fresh fruits of Crataegus submolls Sarg. are used in nutrition. The flowers of Crataegus submollis Sarg. contain flavonoids, among of which, like in the case of Hawthorn blood-red the hyperoside is present. It was determined that the maximum of the absorption curve of the solution of Crataegus submollis Sarg. flowers with a solution of aluminum chloride is 412 nm. The method of quantitative determination by the differential spectrophotometry of the total flavonoids calculated on hyperoside in the Crataegus submollis Sarg. flowers has been developed. It was established that the appropriate extragent for this raw material is 70% ethanol. The level of total flavonoid in Crataegus submollis Sarg. flowers has been studied. It was established that separate parts of Crataegus submollis Sarg. flowers differ markedly in the content of total flavonoids and their specific weight in raw materials. It was established that the content of total flavonoids calculated on hyperoside is varied from 2.05±0.08% tо 3.00±0.12%. It was determined that the content of total flavonoids calculated on hyperoside in different parts of hawthorn flowers ranges from 0.98% (receptacle and calyx) to 4.53% (petals). In our opinion, Crataegus submollis Sarg. flowers are the promising type of medicinal plant raw materials.