bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity and Risk of Frailty in U.S. Women 60 Yr and Older
Authors: FUNG TERESA T. , LEE I-MIN , STRUIJK ELLEN , ARTALEJO FERNANDO RODRIGUEZ , WILLETT WALTER C. , LOPEZ-GARCIA ESTHER
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Several studies have shown a lower risk of developing frailty with long-term higher levels of physical activity. However, most these studies lacked repeated measurement over the follow-up period. Therefore, we examined the association between different types of physical activity and in frailty development using repeated measurements.

Methods

A total of 69,642 nonfrail women 60 yr and older from the Nurses’ Health Study were followed from 1992 to 2016. Leisure time physical activity was assessed biennially. Frailty was defined as having 3+ of the following five criteria from the FRAIL scale: fatigue, low strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥5 illnesses, and ≥5% weight loss. Cox models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between total, moderate-intensity physical activity, vigorous-intensity physical activity, walking, and incident frailty.

Results

During 24 yr of follow-up, we documented 16,479 incident frailty cases. Comparing top to bottom quintiles of MET-hours per week of physical activity, the HR was 0.48 (95% CI = 0.45–0.50) for total physical activity, 0.51 (0.48–0.54) for moderate, and 0.75 (0.71–0.79) for vigorous activity (P
trend <0.001 for all activities). For each hour per week increase, HR was 0.56 (0.53–0.58), 0.51 (0.48–0.54), and 0.63 (0.58–0.68) for total, moderate, and vigorous activity, respectively. Walking was the most common activity, and each hour per day increase in walking was associated with an HR of 0.41 (0.38–0.44) for frailty incidence; this was evident even among those older than 70 yr and those with preexisting frailty characteristics.

Conclusions

Both moderate and vigorous physical activities were associated with a lower risk of frailty. In particular, walking, a broadly accessible activity, was also associated with lower risk.
Leave the Door Open? Prison Conditions and Recidivism
Authors: Mastrobuoni Giovanni , Terlizzese Daniele
Published: September 2022

We estimate the effect on recidivism of replacing time served in a common closed-cell prison with time served in an open-cell one. We deal with the endogenous assignment of inmates to different prison regimes using variation that is driven by nearby prisons’ overcrowding. Switching regimes for a year reduces recidivism by around 6 percentage points. The effects are largest for inmates with low levels of education and are weak for violent and hardened criminals. (JEL K14, K42)
Competition and Pass-Through: Evidence from Isolated Markets
Authors: Genakos Christos , Pagliero Mario
Published: September 2022

We measure how pass-through varies with competition in isolated oligopolistic markets with captive consumers. Using daily pricing data from gas stations on small Greek islands, we study how unanticipated and exogenous changes in excise duties are passed through to consumers in markets with different numbers of retailers. We find that pass-through increases from 0.4 in monopoly markets to 1 in markets with four or more competitors and remains constant thereafter. The speed of price adjustment is about 60 percent higher in more competitive markets. Finally, we show that geographic market definitions based on measures of distance across sellers often result in signifi-cant overestimation of the pass-through. (JEL H22, H25, L13, L81)
Is Zero a Special Price? Evidence from Child Health Care
Authors: Iizuka Toshiaki , Shigeoka Hitoshi
Published: September 2022

Do consumers react differently to zero prices? We test the presence of a zero-price effect in child health care and find that a zero price is special as it boosts demand discontinuously. A zero price affects resource allocations by encouraging healthier children to use more services and exacerbates behavioral hazard by increasing inappropriate use of antibiotics. A co-payment, of as small as US$2 per visit, alleviates these problems without substantially increasing financial risk. However, a zero price may be used to boost demand for highly cost-effective treatments. Zero and non-zero prices should be strategically chosen to achieve specific goals. (JEL G22, H75, I11, I13, I18, J13)
Comparison of subjective image analysis and effective dose between low-dose cone-beam computed tomography machines
Authors: Charuakkra Arnon , Mahasantipiya Phattaranant , Lehtinen Antti , Koivisto Juha , Järnstedt Jorma
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

To compare the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image quality and effective dose between low-dose scanning and standard manufacturer-recommended protocols among different CBCT units.

Methods:

Three human-equivalent phantoms were scanned using the ultra-low-dose (ULD), low dose (LD), and standard dose (STD) modes of ProMax 3D Mid (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) and Orthophos SL (Sirona, Bensheim, German) for the CBCT images. The quality of the dental anatomical images was assessed by four experienced oral and maxillofacial radiologists using a 5-point Likert scale. OnDemand3D (Cybermed Co., Seoul, Korea) was used as the third-party software for viewing. The percentage of absolute agreement was calculated to determine intra- and interrater agreements among the observers. The effective doses for all CBCT scanning protocols were also calculated.

Results:

The STD protocol yielded a higher image quality than did the ULD and LD protocols in both ProMax 3D Mid and Orthophos SL. The ULD and LD protocols demonstrated an “acceptable-to-good” sense of visual perception of the CBCT images. The visibility scores significantly differed between the ULD and LD and the STD protocols in ProMax 3D Mid and Orthophos SL, except for the 120-kVp setting in ProMax 3D Mid. The average intra- and interrater agreement scores ranged from 0.63 to 0.89 and from 0.44 to 0.76, respectively. The ULD and LD protocols reduced the radiation dose sixfold compared with the STD protocol.

Conclusions:

High-tube-voltage protocols could remarkably reduce the imaging dose without degrading the image quality. Specifically, ULD and LD CBCT protocols may be adopted as routine practice for diagnosis and treatment planning.
Assessment of the quality of life in patients treated for colorectal cancer
Authors: Filarecka Agnieszka , Leksowski Łukasz , Biernacki Maciej , Jęchorek Michał
Published: September 2022

Colorectal cancer is a common cause of death. The incidence of cancer increases every year, it is caused by better secondary prevention - screening and early stage cancer detection. The early stages of neoplasms enable the implementation of effective treatment. The method of treating colon cancer is radical treatment - surgery. The quality of life in patients with chronic diseases such as cancer is variable in each phase of the disease.

The presented work aims to show the quality of life of patients on the day of admission to the hospital for the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer. The study used standardized QLQ-C30 forms with the extension of the CR29 module. Comprehensive assessment of the quality of life enables the presentation of the patient's condition before the procedure and is the starting point for the assessment of the patient after the procedure.

The studies show that patients have the lowest assessment of the overall quality of life and emotional functioning. They judge physical and mental functioning well. Symptoms related to the disease, such as abdominal pain, significantly reduce the quality of life.

The presented research shows that each time before the procedure, the patient should have the quality of life assessed in order to possibly further compare the changes in the subjective assessment of the quality of life. The research shows that patients diagnosed with cancer have a low quality of life assessment and preventive measures should be implemented in the form of consultations.
Odpowiedzialność za przestępstwo z art. 141 § 1 Kodeksu karnego popełnione za granicą w świetle wymogu podwójnej karalności
Authors: Bojarski Janusz
Published: September 2022

Kwestia odpowiedzialności za przestępstwa popełnione za granicą może nastręczać wielu trudności w konkretnych przypadkach. Przykładów tych trudności dostarcza art. 141 § 1 k.k. Czyn ten co do zasady nie będzie spełniał warunku podwójnej karalności, natomiast pociągnięcie jego sprawcy na podstawie obostrzonej zasady przedmiotowej budzi tak wiele wątpliwości, że można stwierdzić brak możliwości zastosowania polskiej ustawy karnej również na tej podstawie. Kryminalizacja czynu, który ze swojej istoty najczęściej jest popełniany za granicą, przy jednoczesnym braku możliwości jego ścigania, wydaje się błędem ustawodawcy. Jednak przegląd literatury przedmiotu wskazuje na nikłe zainteresowanie tym problemem. Należy też zauważyć, że wiele przepisów rozdziału Kodeksu karnego poświęconego przestępstwom przeciwko obronności nie przystaje do obecnej sytuacji, kiedy Polska jest członkiem NATO i Unii Europejskiej, a armia jest w pełni zawodowa.
Proportionality of interfering with economic freedom in the context of state control of economic activity
Authors: Nowicki Henryk , Kucharski Krzysztof
Published: September 2022

The article indicates the regulations of positive law, as well as theoretical findings that should be the basis for the proper formation of ordinary legislation with regard to the implementation of economic freedom. The economic freedom guaranteed by the constitution may be subject to limitations. The most far-reaching form of these restrictions is the control of taking up and pursuit of economic activity, the forms of which are defined by the Entrepreneurs Act. On the other hand, the control of economic activities should be carried out in accordance with the principle of proportionality of interference with this freedom. In the case of a licence, the obligation in question arises directly from the Entrepreneurs Law. In the case of the other forms of control – the constitutional principle of a democratic state under the rule of law.
Uprawnienie sądu do uzyskania informacji objętych tajemnicą bankową w sprawie o zachowek (cz. 1)
Authors: Łukańko Bernard
Published: September 2022

Przedmiotem opracowania jest analiza możliwości zakwalifikowania sprawy o zachowek jako „postępowania spadkowego” w rozumieniu przepisów ustawy Prawo bankowe z 1997 roku o tajemnicy bankowej i wynikającego stąd obowiązku udzielenia przez bank sądowi informacji objętych tajemnicą w postępowaniu cywilnym. Przeanalizowano poglądy orzecznictwa i doktryny odnoszące się do instytucji tajemnicy bankowej i rozważono argumenty zarówno przemawiające za zasadą maksymalizacji tajemnicy bankowej i odwołaniem do postępowań spadkowych w rozumieniu art. 627 i n. k.p.c., wykluczające ekstensywną wykładnię wyjątków, jak i stanowisko przeciwne. Przeprowadzona analiza objęła także motywy ustawodawcze, które przyświecały wprowadzeniu wyjątku art. 105 ust. 1 pkt 2 lit. d ustawy Prawo bankowe. Istotne wartości, również o charakterze konstytucyjnym, stojące za efektywnością roszczenia o zachowek przesądziły o potrzebie objęcia przez ww. przepis ustawy Prawo bankowe także spraw o zachowek.
Ochrona praw małżonka zobowiązanego w administracyjnym postępowaniu egzekucyjnym
Authors: Masternak Marian
Published: September 2022

Przedmiotem artykułu jest pozycja prawna małżonka zobowiązanego w postępowaniu egzekucyjnym w administracji, w którym prowadzona jest egzekucja należności pieniężnej z majątku osobistego zobowiązanego oraz majątku wspólnego małżonków. Rozważania zawierają krytyczną analizę normujących to zagadnienie nowych przepisów ustawy o postępowaniu egzekucyjnym w administracji oraz próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy gwarantują one małżonkowi zobowiązanego wystarczającą ochronę jego praw. W artykule sformułowano też wnioski de lege ferenda.
Polska dramatyczna 2 : dramat i dramatyzacje w XVIII i XIX wieku
Authors: Sugiera Małgorzata
Published: September 2022

Gest autorów jest rodzajem działania, które zrywa z mechanicznym ciągiem przyczynowo-skutkowym rekonstruowania i opisywania historii, a zatem stanowi obietnicę nowego spojrzenia na wspólną nam przeszłość przedstawioną i wytwarzaną przez polski dramat i polskie dramatyzacje życia społeczno-politycznego. Konsekwencję tego zerwania stanowi nie tyle badanie ugruntowanych już, historycznych ustaleń na temat przeszłości polskiego dramatu i polskich dramatyzacji, ile przyglądanie się organizacji tych ustaleń, a zatem badanie strategii i procedur zastępujących i odgrywających minioną rzeczywistość wspólnotową Polaków. Fragment rozdziału „Polskość in effige”
Kotarbińscy i Modrzejewska
Authors: Kowalska Agnieszka
Published: September 2022

Like Helena Modjeska, Józef and Lucyna Kotarbiński need no introduction. Kotarbiński met Helena Modjeska during her work in Warsaw, and often wrote about her in his reviews and columns. As an actor, he partnered Modjeska during her guest appearances when she came to Poland as a world star. Their contacts strengthened during Kotarbiński’s management in Krakow, when the actress came to Poland for her last tour. The first part of the article tells how Kotarbiński (an insightful and educated observer) described Modjeska’s acting skills and talent, analyzed her technique and roles in detail. The second part contains information about the acquaintance of the Kotarbińskis (especially Lucyna) with the actress and describes the nature of their private and professional contacts related to the organization of the star’s performances in Krakow, the choice of repertoire, salary, rehearsals, etc.
Religijność Modrzejewskiej w świetle źródeł amerykańskich
Authors: Kędziora Alicja
Published: September 2022

Brought up in the Catholic environment, Modjeska was marked by open-mindedness and tolerance. Neither the growing acclaim of the artist on the Polish territories and beyond nor her contacts with cosmopolitan circles expressing various attitudes towards faith eradicated Modjeska’s profound and genuine faith. The article attempts to present the main features of her religiosity with a special stress on American sources.
On ‘Useful’ R-norm Relative Information Measures and Applications
Authors: Hooda D. S. , Sharma D. K.
Published: September 2022

In this communication a new ‘useful’ R-norm relative information measure is introduced and characterized axiomatically. Its inequalities with particular cases are described. This new information measure has also been applied to study the status of the companies with regard to their loss and profit and that has been illustrated by considering empirical data and drawing figures. Ad joint of the relative information measure is also defined with the illustration of its application in share market with examples.
Water Issues Related to Mankind and Utmost Urge of Wise Generation in Anthropocene
Authors: Ashutosh Pratap Pande
Published: September 2022

Recently we are living in the world in which so called sapiens are busted with all possible kind of information. The water quality is of vital concern for mankind as it is related to human health, protection of the environment and sustainable development. Water an essential ingredient and it is present in polluted form in most of the countries in Asia. The deterioration in all aspects of surface and sub-surface water is one of the outcomes of increasing population. All issues related to water from water security to geopolitics, management of water resources to water policies and intervention in natural flow of water to produce hydro-power are governed by the human beings only. The proclamation of Albert Schweitzer in his words “Man has lost the capacity to foresee and to forestall. He will end by destroying the earth” indicates the direction in which this world is heading to. Yuval Noah Harari indicates that “the great discovery that launched the Scientific Revolution was the discovery that human do not know the answers to their most important questions”. Therefore, to save the earth, man needs to rediscover himself. In Anthropocene, all linear anthropogenic activities must be rechecked to find out the missing element to close the loop naturally. This era demands the entire generation to be wise enough to hold and carry the legacy of caring stewardship towards the earth instead of being the brutal exploiter. The time has come to dust-off the concept of defying the nature and begin harmonious relationship to acquire happiness all around in life.
Effect of reduced age at first calving and an increased weaning rate on CO2 equivalent emissions in a cow-calf system
Authors: Abreu Laís Ângelo de , Rezende Vanessa Theodoro , Gameiro Augusto Hauber , Baruselli Pietro Sampaio
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of using technology to reduce the age at first calving (AFC; from 48 to 24 months) and increase the weaning rate (WR; from 60% to 80%) in beef herds. The need for pasture area (hectares) and the CO2 equivalent emissions (CO2eq.) of animals present in the production system were analyzed. Data from a livestock breeding system were used to produce 400 male calves per year: System 1) using reproductive biotechnology (fixed-time artificial insemination [FTAI] and System 2) without the use of reproductive biotechnology (only natural mating). System 1, which used reproductive biotechnology (FTAI; composed of 1,540 AU of animals in 1,540 hectares), presented a lower AFC (24 months), a higher WR (80%), and lower CO2eq. emissions per year (2,311.3 tons). System 2, which did not employ reproductive technology (composed of 2,475 AU [450 kg of animals] on 2,475 hectares), had the highest AFC (48 months) and lowest WR (60%) and emitted 3,714.5 tons of CO2eq. per year. The reduction in CO2eq. emissions per year was 1,403.3 tons in the system that used reproductive biotechnology, corresponding to gains of US$ 135,920.42 (US$ 96.86 per ton of CO2eq.). It is estimated that the adoption of the FTAI increases the reproductive efficiency of a cow-calf operation system, which can produce the same number of male calves (400) on 935 fewer hectares of pasture (-37.3%) and with a reduction of 1,403.3 tons of CO2eq. produced per year.
An Uncommon Ischial Tuberosity Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Saxena Sagar , Chandra Naresh , Kumar Ashwani
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Ischium is one of the rare sites to be involved by mycobacterium tuberculosis. The incidence is generally not more than 0.2% in any of the large series. We report an unusual case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis of the ischial tuberosity presenting with chronic gluteal pain of 6 months duration. Case Report: A 35-year-old male patient presented with chronic dull aching gluteal pain of 6 months duration, for which lifestyle modifications and rest were advised initially. Antituberculosis chemotherapy was administered (for a period of 1 year) following histopathological confirmation of tuberculosis. At 1 year post antitubercular therapy, the patient had no pain and was symptom free. Furthermore, radiographs showed healed right ischial tuberosity osteomyelitis. Conclusion: Tuberculosis involving the ischial tuberosity is rare. The early diagnosis is mandatory for good results, and with a worldwide resurgence of the disease, a high index of suspicion is necessary. Prompt diagnosis and treatment resulted in a good clinical outcome in this patient.
Case Reports: The Perils of an Orthopedic Graduate
Authors: Nene Abhay
Published: September 2022

The perils of an orthopedic graduate You have just cleared your postgraduate examination in Orthopedics. Moreover, the journey has been tough. You have filtered through the toughest of competitions, made the grade, and passed the mother of all examinations and you can now proudly say that you are a qualified orthopedic surgery Welcome to the next level-overqualified, under employed, and confused It is a sea on uncertainty – you are no longer a student. There is no more set curriculum to follow. No one to tell you what to do you are the boss now – but with no specific work to do From huge sense of achievement, we all instantly move to a phase of diffidence and-There is a lack of clarity on how to move forward. MS Ortho, what now? The options available can be quite easily characterized – 1. Take up the available public Hospital teaching post. This move is toward entering academics, but could also mean procrastinating 2. Sub-specialization – go look for available training options to further your career. Choosing the specialty that you will marry for life, and, in turn, divorce permanently all other options can be confusing and daunting for some. Other postgraduates, who are very sure of what they want, can find it very hard to find the appropriate training center and mentor 3. Start practice as a general orthopod – your meter will be down, and your wheels will start turning immediately, with the collateral risk of ending up being a “small fish in a big pond.” Fortunately, orthopedics are running specialty and most start doing well in practice pretty early 4. Join dads practice-for the lucky few orthokids, though many from this group still choose to specialize 5. Leave the country and figure out what next-at least there is a promise of a job, a steady income, a new lifestyle. All of which is indeed an attractive prospect for the fresh postgraduate. Creating a more organized system for orthopedic postgraduates to help deciding their careers moves and lending the best possible option becomes responsibility of our academic societies It would be absolutely wonderful for these young orthopedic surgeons If all these options could be presented systematically, at counseling sessions – including listing the available resources and methods to get there, and using senior practicing oracademic surgeons as mentors and counselors Videos of our channel would agree that it is time to make this move to help create a fantastic generation of orthopods.
‘Wasn't me!’ A field study of the relationship between deceptive motivations and psychopathic traits in young offenders
Authors: Spidel Alicia , Hervé Hugues , Greaves Caroline , Yuille John C.
Published: September 2022

Purpose. Evaluating truthfulness is an integral part of any forensic assessment. Unfortunately, the motives underlying the use of deceptive strategies by offenders and how these may be mediated by personality are not well established, particularly in adolescent samples. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to identify different deception‐related motivations in a sample of juvenile offenders, with special emphasis placed on the relationship between these motivations and psychopathic traits.

Methods. Archived file and videotaped information for 60 Canadian federal juvenile offenders were reviewed in order to identify real‐life (spontaneous) patterns of deceptive motivations.

Results. It was found that there were significant differences between the low, medium, and high groups across psychopathic traits for the motivations of (1) lies to obtain a reward; (2) to heighten self‐presentation; and (3) for duping delight.

Conclusions. Not only were juvenile offenders found to lie for a variety of reasons, but also psychopathy was found to mediate the specific motivational patterns leading to offender perpetrated deception. The relevance of these findings to the assessment of truthfulness in offender populations is discussed.
Inertia alignment of phase-shifting algorithms for high-numerical-aperture spherical testing in Fizeau interferometry
Authors: Kumagai Toshiki , Hibino Kenichi , Tomita Keita , Wasaki Katsumi
Published: September 2022

In Fizeau interferometry for high-numerical-aperture spherical surface tests, the mechanical phase shift becomes spatially nonuniform within the observation aperture. We divided the aperture into annular regions and calculated the object phase using several algorithms designed for different phase shifts. The division substantially decreased the nonuniformity; however, it caused bias errors at the regional boundaries in the measured phase. The error is due to the different error coefficients of the algorithms for the phase-shift nonlinearity. A convolution technique that modifies a sampling window to align the error coefficients of a set of algorithms is proposed. The technique is experimentally shown to minimize phase measurement errors.
Resonant toroidal metasurface as a platform for thin-film and biomaterial sensing
Authors: Kaur Sukhvinder , Jana Arun , Karmakar Subhajit , Varshney Ravendra K. , Chowdhury Dibakar Roy
Published: September 2022

Toroidal resonances with weak free-space coupling have recently garnered significant research attraction toward the realization of advanced photonic devices. As a natural consequence of weak free-space coupling, toroidal resonances generally possess a high quality factor with low radiative losses. Because of these backgrounds, we have experimentally studied thin-film sensing utilizing toroidal resonance in a subwavelength planar metasurface, whose unit cell consists of near-field coupled asymmetric dual gap split-ring resonators (ASRRs). These ASRRs are placed in a mirrored configuration within the unit cell. The near-field coupled ASRRs support circulating surface currents in both resonators with opposite phases, resulting in excitation of the toroidal mode. In such a way, excited toroidal resonance can support strong light–matter interactions with external materials (analytes to be detected) placed on top of the metasurface. Further, our study reveals a sensitivity of 30 GHz/RIU while sensing AZ4533 photoresist film utilizing the toroidal mode. Such detection of thin films can be highly beneficial for the development of sensing devices for various biomolecules and dielectric materials that can be spin coated or drop casted on metasurfaces. Hence, the toroidal mode is further theoretically explored towards the detection of avian influenza virus subtypes, namely, H5N2 and H9N2. Our study reveals 6 and 9 GHz of frequency redshifts for H5N2 and H9N2, respectively, in comparison to the bare sample. Therefore, this work shows that toroidal metasurfaces can be a useful platform to sense thin films of various materials including biomaterials.
Photonic generation of millimeter-wave and multi-waveform signals based on external modulation and polarization control
Authors: Yuan Jin , Zhang Mengsi , Mei Ying , Liu Qisong , Liu Jinbo
Published: September 2022

An approach for photonic generation of multi-function microwave/pulse signals has been proposed and verified, which is capable of achieving Nyquist/triangular pulse signals and frequency quadrupling/12-tupling microwave signals. Based on optical carrier suppressed modulation in a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator, a four-line optical frequency comb and a Nyquist pulse are generated. Subsequently, polarization controlling using an optical interleaver and a linear polarizer is conducted to manipulate spectra, after which a pulse signal with triangular shape and a microwave signal with high-frequency multiplication factor are generated. By applying a 10-GHz RF driving signal, a Nyquist pulse and a full-duty-cycle triangular pulse with repetition frequency of 40 GHz, and 40-/120-GHz millimeter-wave signals can be obtained. This proposal provides the potential of higher-frequency multi-waveform and millimeter-wave signals generator for an all-optical network.
Stability improvement of a dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator based on self-phase locking
Authors: Wang Yifan , Yan Juanjuan
Published: September 2022

In this study, we experimentally demonstrate what we believe is a novel dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with a self-phase locking loop (SPLL). Using this feedback loop, the phase of the oscillating signal is locked to its past by adjusting the DC bias voltage of the used Mach–Zehnder modulator. In this way, the oscillating frequency stability can be improved. Proving experiments on a 10-GHz OEO are performed. The results show that more than 20 dB improvements in the phase noise at low offset frequencies are achieved, the frequency fluctuation is reduced to less than 4 kHz in an hour, and the corresponding Allan deviation is decreased by 1 order of magnitude owing to the SPLL. This frequency stabilization scheme without use of any external reference sources has a great prospect in an integrated OEO.
Generation of combined half-integer Bessel-like beams using synthetic phase holograms
Authors: Mellado-Villaseñor G. , Hamzeloui S. , Jiménez-Mier J. , Ramírez-Martínez F.
Published: September 2022

We discuss the generation of combined half-integer Bessel-like (CHB) beams using synthetic phase holograms (SPHs). We assess the efficiency and accuracy of the SPHs, in the task of generating CHB beams. The proposal is illustrated by the implementation of CHB beams, which are experimentally generated in a setup based on a phase spatial light modulator. Also, we analyze, numerically and experimentally, the propagation of the generated CHB beams. As the main result, the SPHs are able to generate several CHB beams with relatively high accuracy. Additionally, it is obtained that the efficiency values of the SPHs are close to the theoretical predictions.
Optical radiation force on a dielectric sphere by a polarized Airy beam
Authors: Tang Huan , Sun Han , Li Renxian , Yang Liu , Song Ningning , Zhang Shu , Wei Bojian , Zhu Zitong , Wei Bing , Gong Shuhong , Mitri F. G.
Published: September 2022

The optical radiation force acting on a homogeneous and lossless dielectric spherical particle by a polarized Airy beam is analyzed in terms of the generalized Lorenz–Mie theory. The transverse and longitudinal radiation force components are theoretically evaluated and numerically simulated, emphasizing the transverse scale

ω
0

, attenuation parameter

γ

, and polarization of the incident Airy beam versus the size parameter

k
a

of the sphere. These results reveal that a polarized Airy beam can trap the dielectric sphere in its main caustic or sidelobes of the beam by the optical transverse force and be guided along the parabolic trajectory of the longitudinal optical force. Moreover,

γ

and

ω
0

of the Airy beams and

k
a

of the dielectric sphere can affect the amplitude and distribution of the optical force components. This research may be helpful for the development of Airy optical tweezers in applications involving particle manipulation, optical levitation, particle sorting, and other emergent areas.
Resonant absorption of light by a two-dimensional imperfect lattice of spherical particles
Authors: Loiko Natalia A. , Miskevich Alexander A. , Loiko Valery A.
Published: September 2022

The light absorption and scattering by an infinite two-dimensional array with an imperfect lattice of identical spherical particles is considered based on the statistical approach to a description of electromagnetic wave interaction with particulate media. Absorption resonances due to the coherent component of scattered light (zeroth order of diffraction) and resonances arising from the excitation of a flux of incoherently scattered light (higher diffraction orders) propagating at grazing angles to the array plane are studied. The dependence of absorption on the degree of positional ordering of particles is considered. It is shown that with an increase in ordering, the spatial coherence of the light flux along the array plane increases and the absorption resonance becomes more pronounced. Data are presented for silver wavelength-sized particles for

s

- and

p

-polarized incident waves. It is shown that at small angles of incidence, the first diffraction order can arise at the wavelength of zeroth-order resonance. In this case, the contributions to absorption created by the coherent and incoherent components of scattered light are summed up. The value of the absorption coefficient can be close to 0.95. A comparison with data for a partially ordered array is carried out.
Theoretical study of the lateral displacement of random fields at interfaces
Authors: Castrillón-Gómez Juan David , de la Cruz Sergio , Méndez Eugenio R. , Escamilla Héctor M.
Published: September 2022

The lateral displacement of a totally reflected light beam from the position expected by geometrical optics has been known for some time. The effect, known as the Goos–Hänchen shift, may be understood in terms of the phase changes acquired upon reflection at the interface by the plane wave components of the angular spectrum representation of the incident field. In this work, we study the shifts that occur in the reflection of random fields from flat dielectric interfaces. We find that, similar to the well-known effect for beams, random fields can also present lateral shifts in reflection experiments, and that the shifts acquired by speckle patterns are the same as those of an equivalent beam. For tapered speckle beams, we show that the shifts of the mean intensity do not depend on the average beam size, but mainly on speckle size.
Interim connection space based on colorimetric values for spectral image compression and reproduction
Authors: Lv Cong , Li Changjun , Xiao Kaida , Gao Cheng
Published: September 2022

A new interim and connection space (ICS) and its reconstruction method are proposed. The proposed ICS,tD65A, consists of six colorimetric values or two sets of tristimulus values under CIE illuminant D65 and A respectively. In addition, a new spectral decomposition based on thetD65AICS and the Wiener Estimation matrixMWwas introduced for an improved spectral reconstruction. Accompanying thetD65AICS,mimportant basis vectors for the metameric black space based on the new spectral decomposition, and a mapping matrixMP,kvia a polynomial model of orderk, were trained so that both the spectral and colorimetric accuracies for the reconstructed reflectance can be further enhanced. The proposed ICS and its reconstruction method can ensure exact colorimetric matches under two (real rather than synthetic) illuminants D65 and A, which is an advantage compared with other ICSs. The performance of the proposed method was tested and compared with five other ICSs using the NCS dataset and three spectral images respectively, using RMSE and GFC to measure the spectral accuracy, and using CIEDE2000 colour differences to measure the colorimetric accuracy under three types of illuminants (continuous, fluorescent, and LED). Performance test results showed the proposed methods outperform other ICSs in terms of both spectral accuracy and colorimetric measures (RMSE, GFC, and CIEDE2000 colour difference). Therefore, it is expected the proposed ICS and its reconstruction method can play an important role in spectral image compression and reproduction applications.
Optomechanical squeezing with pulse modulation
Authors: Xiong Biao , Chao Shilei , Shan Chuanjia , Liu Jibing
Published: September 2022

Quantum control technology provides an increasingly useful toolbox for quantum information tasks. In this Letter, by introducing a pulsed coupling to a standard optomechanical system, we show that stronger squeezing can be obtained with pulse modulation due to the reduction of the heating coefficient. Also, the general squeezed states, such as the squeezed vacuum, squeezed coherent, and squeezed cat states, can be obtained with their squeezing level exceeding 3 dB. Moreover, our scheme is robust to cavity decay, thermal temperature, and classical noise, which is friendly to experiments. The present work can extend the application of quantum engineering technology in optomechanical systems.
Vectorial distributed acoustic sensing based on a multicore fiber and phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry
Authors: Xiao Xunzhou , He Jun , Du Bin , Xu Xizhen , Wang Yiping
Published: September 2022

A vectorial distributed acoustic sensing (vDAS) system is proposed and demonstrated for distributed two-dimensional vector vibration measurements based on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (ΦOTDR). An optical pulse compression (OPC) algorithm was used to achieve high spatial resolution and suppress fading noise, and a Rayleigh-enhanced seven-core fiber (eSCF) was used to magnify the differentials of Rayleigh backscattering (RBS) in various cores undergoing vibrations. A combination of OPC and eSCF allows the system to fully quantify perturbations with a spatial resolution of 1.1 m and a strain resolution of 1.1 pε/√Hz, achieving a maximum acceleration sensitivity of 1.04 mrad/g at 60 Hz and an orientation reconstruction error of 1.92°. The proposed vDAS system can achieve vectorial distributed vibration sensing without the need for specific fiber layouts or complex reconstruction algorithms, increasing its potential for applications in vertical seismic profiles or pipeline inspection.
The impact of sampling bias on viral phylogeographic reconstruction
Authors: Liu Pengyu , Song Yexuan , Colijn Caroline , MacPherson Ailene
Published: September 2022

Genomic epidemiology plays an ever-increasing role in our understanding of and response to the spread of infectious pathogens. Phylogeography, the reconstruction of the historical location and movement of pathogens from the evolutionary relationships among sampled pathogen sequences, can inform policy decisions related to viral movement among jurisdictions. However, phylogeographic reconstruction is impacted by the fact that the sampling and virus sequencing policies differ among jurisdictions, and these differences can cause bias in phylogeographic reconstructions. Here we assess the potential impacts of geographic-based sampling bias on estimated viral locations in the past, and on whether key viral movements can be detected. We quantify the effect of bias using simulated phylogenies with known geographic histories, and determine the impact of the biased sampling and of the underlying migration rate on the accuracy of estimated past viral locations. We find that overall, the accuracy of phylogeographic reconstruction is high, particularly when the migration rate is low. However, results depend on sampling, and sampling bias can have a large impact on the numbers and nature of estimated migration events. We apply these insights to the geographic spread of Ebolavirus in the 2014-2016 West Africa epidemic. This work highlights how sampling policy can both impact geographic inference and be optimized to best ensure the accuracy of specific features of geographic spread.
The role of priming in grammatical acceptability judgements for native versus non-native speakers: Effects of intelligibility
Authors: Constantine Rodica R. , Getty Douglas J. , Fraundorf Scott H.
Published: September 2022

Comprehenders frequently need to adapt to linguistic variability between talkers and dialects. Previous research has shown, given repeated exposure to quasi-grammatical structures, comprehenders begin to perceive them as more grammatical (Luka & Barsalou 2005, Luka & Choi 2012). We examined whether grammatical acceptability judgements differ for native versus non-native speech. In an exposure phase, native English speakers listened to, retyped, and rated the grammaticality of quasi-grammatical sentences (e.g., What Emily is thankful for is that she is here) spoken by a native or non-native speaker. In a subsequent test phase, participants rated additional sentences, some of which had the same structure as exposure sentences. Participants rated native-accented sentences as more grammatical, demonstrating a role for talker identity in perceptions of grammaticality. Furthermore, structures previously heard during the exposure phase were rated as more grammatical than novel unprimed structures, but only for the native speaker. Subset analyses suggest this effect is driven by speaker intelligibility, which holds implications for communication between native and non-native speakers.
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors for anemia in heart failure patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fukuta Hidekatsu , Hagiwara Hiromi , Kamiya Takeshi
Published: September 2022

Background

Anemia is common in heart failure (HF) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with worse outcomes. Iron supplementation improves symptoms and is associated with reduced risk of hospitalization for HF in iron-deficiency HF patients. However, iron deficiency is present in <30% of anemic HF patients. Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) improve symptoms but are associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events in anemic HF patients with CKD. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitors are a new class of agents for the treatment of anemia. These agents work by stabilizing the HIF complex, thereby stimulating endogenous erythropoietin production. We hypothesized that HIF-PH inhibitors may be associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular outcomes compared with ESAs in anemic HF patients with CKD. Accordingly, we aim to perform the meta-analysis of studies on the efficacy and safety of HIF-PH inhibitors compared with ESAs in anemic HF patients with CKD.

Methods

This meta-analysis will include prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials on the effect of HIF-PH inhibitors compared with ESAs in anemic HF patients with CKD. Information of studies will be collected from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The primary outcome will be cardiovascular death. The secondary outcomes will be all-cause death, hospitalization for HF, HF symptoms, exercise capacity, health-related quality of life, and hemoglobin levels.

Discussion

This meta-analysis will evaluate the effect of HIF-PH inhibitors in anemic HF patients with CKD, providing evidence regarding the use of HIF-PH inhibitors in these patients.

Systematic review registration

INPLASY202230103.
Curating Stories in Teaching Family Therapy
Authors: Neden Jeanette
Published: September 2022

In this article I explore the use of Pearce and Pearce's (1998) notion of ‘curating stories’ and ‘transcendent story‐telling’ for teaching about models in family therapy. Taking a position of curator; the discussion invites students into inclusive and pluralist thinking about the many models in family therapy's collection. Two story‐making frameworks of Stratigraphy and Australian Aboriginal ‘Dreaming’ are curated in a sequential way allowing a thick description and lived story of pluralism to emerge. Creative use of metaphors invites a context for transforming knowledge and abilities towards pluralism. I outline how family therapy can be taught using these metaphors as a way of freeing students to see its history as both interpretation and lived experience.
Reviews
Authors: Silva Michele
Published: September 2022

Book reviewed in this article:

Bidge's Mob: Written and illustrated by Gaye Dell

Creative Family Therapy Techniques: Play, Art, and Expressive Activities to Engage Children in Family Sessions: Editor: Liana Lowenstein

Essential Skills in Family Therapy, from the first interview to termination: JoEllen Patterson, Lee Williams, Todd M. Edwards, Larry Chamow, Claudia Grauf‐Grounds

Multi‐Family Therapy: Concepts and Techniques: Eia Asen, Michael Scholz
Stages of Change Theory in Family Therapy for Sibling Sexual Assault
Authors: McNevin Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

Family therapy understands the benefits of therapeutically supported dialogue amongst family members when there are challenging themes and topics that need to be discussed. This paper is an attempt to explore ways that family therapists can work with family members who are thrust into therapy rather than ‘voluntarily’ signing up for it. It applies ideas from the drug and alcohol field such as Stages of Change theory and Motivational Interviewing. The paper explores how these ideas and approaches might help family therapists to formulate a concept of resistance and to make helpful dialogue more likely. They are applied to families experiencing sibling sexual assault, where they become involved with a legal response that necessitates a therapeutic intervention.
Editorial: Thinking with Migration, Sexuality, Gender Identity, and Transactional Sex
Authors: Shah Svati
Published: September 2022

This article introduces a special issue of Anti-Trafficking Review that bridges the fields of queer, migration, and critical trafficking studies by examining the implications of heightened juridical recognition of sexual orientation and gender identity for debates on migration, sex work, and human trafficking. The issue proceeds from the insight that, as the legibility of queer and trans* (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and all non-binary and non-heteronormative forms of sexuality and gender identity) moves forward, it appears to de-emphasise the explicit connections that sexuality- and gender-based social movements have historically drawn between identity, governance, and material survival. In emphasising questions of survival, this issue both recuperates queer and non-cisnormative subjects within debates on transactional sex, and shows how a queer theoretical sensibility can offer new insights for established critiques in the field.
Data Structures In Leelus
Authors: Appiah Frank
Published: September 2022

This is a research poster on data structures using pointer declaration for array dimensionaltype of representation in variable declaration. In this research poster, I will describe type array, term array and value array drawn from both data structureand type system.
Enabling high-throughput electrical conductivity optimization of doped conjugated polymers using explainable machine learning
Authors: Yoon Ji Wei , Kumar Adithya , Kumar Pawan , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Senthilnath J , Vijila Chellappan
Published: September 2022

The recent advent of workflows involving high-throughput experimentation techniques, in combination with machine learning optimization, has enabled the accelerated discovery of materials with state-of-the-art properties. However, there remains many other workflows which require measurements of quantities that cannot be easily automated, thereby limiting discovery. In particular, the optimization of the electrical conductivity of doped polymer materials requires laborious measurements. Here, we propose a workflow which involves a data-driven approach using a pair of classification and regression models to reduce the need for manual intervention. The first model classifies the samples at an accuracy of 100% for conductivity >~ 25 to 100 S/cm. We predicted the conductivities of the smaller subset of samples using a second model, which has test R
2 of 0.984. To validate the approach, we showed that the models, neither trained on the samples with the two highest conductivities of 498 and 506 S/cm, were able to, in an extrapolative manner, correctly classify and predict them at errors of 137 and 140 S/cm, respectively. The workflow results in an improvement in measurement efficiency by 59%, which is 89% of the maximum achievable. Concurrently, we addressed the typical lack of explainability of machine-learned models by engineering bespoke features and coupling them with carefully selected models, and derived insights on the spectral influence of conductivity. This study offers a way to accelerate the optimization of doped polymer materials and demonstrates the insights that can be gained with deliberate uses of machine learning in experimental science.