bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIVES OF BIVALENT GERMANIUM, TIN, AND LEAD. PART XX. COMPLEX FORMATION BETWEEN TIN(II) COMPOUNDS AND TETRACYANOETHYLENE, 7,7,8,8‐TETRACYANOQUINODIMETHANE, AND 2,3,5,6‐TETRACHLOROBENZOQUINONE
Authors: CORNWELL A. B. , CORNWELL C.‐A. , HARRISON P. G.
Published: March 2016

Zinn(II)‐halogenide und Triäthylammoniumtrichlorostannat(II) reagieren in THF mit Tetracyanoäthylen zu den stark gefärbten Komplexen der Zusammensetzung (I).
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL CARBYNE COMPLEXES, XV. PHENYLCARBYNE AS WELL AS METHOXYPHENYL‐, (DIMETHYLAMINO)PHENYL‐, AND AMINOPHENYLCARBENE AS LIGANDS IN CATIONIC OR NEUTRAL COMPLEXES OF THE TYPE Π‐ARCR(CO)2L
Authors: FISCHER E. O. , STUECKLER P. , BECK H.‐J. , KREISSL F. R.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Cr(0)‐Komplexen (I) lassen sich durch Umsetzung mit Phenyllithium und anschließende Alkylierung die Carbenkomplexe (II) darstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE COORDINATION CHEMISTRY OF MANGANESE. PART V. THE PREPARATION AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME MANGANESE(II) COMPLEXES OF ARSENIC AND ANTIMONY DONOR LIGANDS
Authors: JONES M. H. , LEVASON W. , MCAULIFFE C. A. , PARROTT M. J.
Published: March 2016

Wasserfreie Mn(II)‐halogenide, Salze des "härtesten" 3d‐Metallions, bilden mit o‐Phenylen‐bis‐[dimethylarsin] und o‐Phenylendimethylarsindimethylstibin zweizähnige Liganden mit "weichen" As‐ und Sb‐Donatoren, die Komplexe (I).
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIVES OF BIVALENT GERMANIUM, TIN, AND LEAD. PART XIX. REACTIONS OF BIS(β‐KETOENOLATO)TIN(II) COMPOUNDS WITH METAL CARBONYLS‐ THE OCTACARBONYLDICOBALT SYSTEM
Authors: CORNWELL A. B. , HARRISON P. G.
Published: March 2016

In Abhängigkeit von der Natur des β‐Diketonatrestes bilden sich bei der Reaktion von Bis‐[ß‐diketonato]‐zinn(II) mit Co2(CO)8 in Benzol bei Raumtemperatur die Verbindungen (I)‐(III).
ChemInform Abstract: DISPLACEMENT OF CHELATE LIGANDS FROM FOUR‐COORDINATE COMPLEXES. PART IV. REACTIONS OF (3‐AZAPENTANE‐1,5‐DIAMINE)‐ AND (3‐METHYL‐3‐AZAPENTANE‐1,5‐DIAMINE)‐CHLOROGOLD(III) COMPLEXES
Authors: ANNIBALE G. , NATILE G. , CATTALINI L.
Published: March 2016

Die Kinetik und der Mechanismus des nucleophilen Austauschs der Chelatliganden in den Komplexen (I) werden in 5% Wasser/Methanol bei 25°C untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: (‐)‐3‐ISOTHUJONE, A SMALL NONNITROGENOUS MOLECULE WITH ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY IN MICE
Authors: RICE K. C. , WILSON R. S.
Published: March 2016

Zunächst wird die Herstellung der isomeren Thujon‐Derivate (I) und (II) aus Natur‐Ausgangsstoffen beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: B‐RING DIOSPHENOLS DERIVED FROM LANOSTEROL, III. DIOSPHENOLS WITH DEGRADED SIDE CHAIN
Authors: KREISER W. , ULRICH W.
Published: March 2016

Die beim Abbau der Seitenketten von Lanosterin erhaltenen Zwischer stufen (I) werden mit Chromoxid in die Endione (IIb) bzw. (IId) übergeführt, die 1/10 zu (IIa) bzw. (IIc) hydrolysiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND BACKBONE REARRANGEMENT OF 19‐NOR‐5‐METHYL‐(3β,51)(9α,10α)‐DIEPOXY‐5β‐CHOLESTANE
Authors: WICHA J.
Published: March 2016

Cholesterin (I) wird in das Cholestenol (II) übergeführt und anschließend zum Äther (III) cyclisiert . Weitere Oxidation mit der Persäure (IV) gibt ein Gemisch der 9,10‐Epoxide (V) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Einfache, schonende Synthese von Aminosäuremethyl‐ und ‐benzylestern.
Authors: WEBER U.
Published: March 2016

Die Veresterung labiler N‐geschützter Aminosäuren (I) mit Benzylalkohol (II) zu (III) gelingt beim Zusatz katalytischer Mengen des Benzotriazols (V) und Pyridin; nach Abspaltung der Boc‐Schutzgruppe werden so die Ester (IV) als Hydrochloride bzw. BF3‐Komplexe erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF TETRAZOLE RIBONUCLEOSIDES AND THEIR EVALUATION AS ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. 2. 5‐AMINO‐1‐(β‐D‐RIBOFURANOSYL)‐1H‐TETRAZOLE AND 5‐AMINO‐2‐(β‐D‐RIBOFURANOSYL)‐2H‐TETRAZOLE
Authors: POONIAN M. S. , NOWOSWIAT E. F. , BLOUNT J. F. , KRAMER M. J.
Published: March 2016

Durch Kondensation der Amino‐tetrazole (II) mit den Zuckeracetaten oder ‐bromiden (I) werden isomere Kondensate (IIIa) und (IVa) erhalten und zu (IIIb) bzw. (Vb) verseift.
ChemInform Abstract: DESIGN OF SUBSTRATE‐SITE‐DIRECTED IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITORS OF ADENOSINE 5′‐PHOSPHATE AMINOHYDROLASE. EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE SUBSTITUENTS ON AFFINITY FOR THE SUBSTRATE SITE
Authors: HAMPTON A. , SASAKI T. , PERINI F. , SLOTIN L. A. , KAPPLER F.
Published: March 2016

Verschiedene Adenosin‐Derivate werden zu pharmakologischen Untersuchungen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SUBSTITUTED 5,6‐DIHYDRO‐5‐NITROURACILS
Authors: LONG R. A. , MATTHEWS T. R. , ROBINS R. K.
Published: March 2016

5‐Nitro‐uracile (I) werden mit Boranat zu den Dihydro‐Verbindungen (II) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF Ω‐HOMOLOGUES OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1
Authors: DAJANI E. Z. , ROZEK L. F. , SANNER J. H. , MIYANO M.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem Aldehyd (I) erhält man nach Wittig mit den P‐Yliden (II) die ungesättigten Ketone (III), die zu den Prostaglandin El‐Homologen (IV) reduziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ERYTHROMYCIN DERIVATIVES. PART VII. REMARKS ON REVISED STRUCTURES OF CYCLIC CARBONATES IN THE ERYTHROMYCIN GROUP
Authors: SLAWINSKI W. , BOJARSKA‐DAHLIG H. , DZIEGIELEWSKA I. , GLABSKI T. , NAPERTY S. , BIEDRZYCKI M.
Published: March 2016

Das aus dem Anhydroerythromycincarbonat (I) zugängliche N‐Oxid (IIa) wird durch katalytische Hydrierung in das Derivat (IIb) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: DESIGN CONCEPT FOR A COAL HYDROCARBONIZATION PLANT
Authors: FERRETTI E. J.
Published: March 2016

Es wird das im Entwicklungsstadium befindliche Coalcon‐Verfahren, ein nichtkatalytisches Verfahren zur Hydrocarbonisierung von Kohle, beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBMICRON GALLIUM ARSENIDE EPITAXIAL LAYER FROM DIETHYLGALLIUMCHLORIDE AND ARSINE
Authors: NAKAYAMA Y. , OHKAWA S. , HASHIMOTO H. , ISHIKAWA H.
Published: March 2016

Bei 530° werden auf (100)‐orientierten halbisolierenden GaAs‐Substraten Schichten mit spiegelglatten Oberflächen gezüchtet.
ChemInform Abstract: INFRARED STUDIES OF REACTIONS ON OXIDE SURFACES. 6. ACTIVE SITES ON DEHYDROXYLATED SILICA FOR THE CHEMISORPTION OF AMMONIA AND WATER
Authors: MORROW B. A. , CODY I. A.
Published: March 2016

Der in der vorstehenden Arbeit erwähnte reaktive Siloxanbrückenplatz, der nach Entgasung von SiOz bei Temperaturen oberhalb 400°C entsteht, wird hinsichtlich seiner Fähigkeit zu dissoziativer Chemisorption von NH3 und H2O untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL RHODIUM‐CATALYZED ADDITIONS OF CARBON MONOXIDE TO REACTIVE DIENES AND ENONES WITH FORMATION OF FIVE‐MEMBERED RINGS
Authors: HELDEWEG R. F. , HOGEVEEN H.
Published: March 2016

Reaktion des Diens (Ia) bzw. des Enons (Ib) mit dem Rh‐Komplex (II) liefert das Indanon (III) bzw. das Benzofuran (IV); das Diketon (Ic) reagiert dagegen nicht.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR (2 + 2)‐PHOTOCYCLOADDITIONS OF 6‐ALLYL‐2‐CYCLOHEXENONES. FORMATION OF TRICYCLO(3.3.1.02,7)NONAN‐6‐ONES AND TRICYCLO(4.2.1.03,8)NONAN‐7‐ONES
Authors: FROESTL W. , MARGARETHA P.
Published: March 2016

Das Enon (I) läßt sich z.B. mit den Allylhalogeniden (II) in Toluol und in Gegenwart von Na‐bis(trimethylsilyl)amid zu den Alkylderivaten (III) umsetzen.
ChemInform Abstract: FACILE REDUCTION OF ALKYL TOSYLATES WITH LITHIUM TRIETHYLBOROHYDRIDE. AN ADVANTAGEOUS PROCEDURE FOR THE DEOXYGENATION OF CYCLIC AND ACYCLIC ALCOHOLS
Authors: KRISHNAMURTHY S. , BROWN H. C.
Published: March 2016

Cyclohexyltosylat wird mit Triäthyllithiumboranat (II) zu Cyclohexan (III) und geringen Anteilen an Cyclohexen (IV) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid Phase Oxidation Catalyzed by Bismuth Sulfate. A New Synthesis of 1‐Cyclopentene‐1‐carboxaldehyde.
Authors: SUZUKI S. , MORO‐OKA Y. , IKAWA T.
Published: March 2016

In Gegenwart von Wismutsulfat reagiert Cyclohexen (I) in hoher Selektivität zu dem Aldehyd (II) neben wenig (III), (IV), (V) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐HALO‐3‐ETHYLBENZOTHIAZOLIUM SALTS AS REACTIVE COUPLING REAGENTS
Authors: MUKAIYAMA T. , HOJO K.
Published: March 2016

Die Benzthiazoliumsalze (I) ergeben bei der Umsetzung mit den Säuren (II) und anschließender Behandlung mit den Alkoholen (III) in guten Ausbeuten die Ester (IV) neben dem Benzthiazol (V).
ChemInform Abstract: The Facile Synthesis of Lactones.
Authors: MUKAIYAMA T. , USUI M. , SAIGO K.
Published: March 2016

Die ω‐Hydroxysäuren (I) ergeben in Gegenwart des Pyridiniumjodids (II) unter milden Bedingungen die Lactone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS WITH ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS. XLI. NEW SYNTHETIC ASPECTS OF THE TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE‐DIETHYL AZODICARBOXYLATE‐HYDROXY COMPOUND SYSTEM
Authors: LOIBNER H. , ZBIRAL E.
Published: March 2016

Die Verfasser beschreiben neue präparative Methoden, in denen Systeme, die Triphenylphosphin, Diäthylazodicarboxylat und Hydroxyverbindungen enthalten, mit vielen Nucleophilen behandelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL CARBON‐HYDROGEN BOND CLEAVAGE BY BIS(DIMETHYLPHOSPHINO)ETHANE COMPLEXES OF IRON, RUTHENIUM, AND OSMIUM
Authors: ITTEL S. D. , TOLMAN C. A. , ENGLISH A. D. , JESSON J. P.
Published: March 2016

Der Fe‐Komplex (III) wird durch Reaktion des Dichloro‐Komplexes (I) mit Na‐naphthalid (II) als cis‐trans‐Isomerengemisch dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐7‐DEOXYDAUNOMYCINONE AND (.+‐.)‐7‐DEOXYISODAUNOMYCINONE
Authors: GLEIM R. D. , TRENBEATH S. , MITTAL R. S. D. , SIH C. J.
Published: March 2016

Zur Synthese verschiedener Verbindungen in der Daunomycinon‐ Reihe, z.B. von (VIa) und (VIb), wird der aus dem Tetralon (I) und dem 3‐Methoxy‐ phthalsäurehalbester (II) erhaltene Ester (III) als Zwischenstufe verwendet und nach den üblichen Methoden modifiziert.
ChemInform Abstract: DEUTERON AND NIOBIUM‐93 MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OF NIOBIUM DEUTERIDES
Authors: BARNES R. G. , ROENKER K. P. , BROOKER H. R.
Published: March 2016

Die Untersuchungen des Systems NbDx erstrecken sich über den Zusammensetzung bereich 0,55 x 0,88 und den Temperaturbereich 4,2‐420 K. Der β‐oz‐Phasen‐ übergang der Verbindungen (340‐415 K) wird durch scharfe Änderungen in den Quadrupolwechselwirkungsspektren definiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ANNEALING OF ION‐IMPLANTED GALLIUM ARSENIDE IN A CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE
Authors: MALBON R. M. , LEE D. H. , WHELAN J. M.
Published: March 2016

Durch Implantation mit Si‐ oder S‐Ionen dotierte epitaxiale GaAs‐Schichten werden beim Tempern statt durch Verkapselung mit einem Dielektrikum durch eine Atmosphäre aus hochreinem H2 mit As‐Zusatz vor Erosion geschützt.
ChemInform Abstract: TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF IRON AND CADMIUM ALKALINE ELECTRODES
Authors: OEJEFORS L.
Published: March 2016

Die Ladung und Entladungsreaktionen von alkalischen Fe‐ bzw. Cd‐Elektroden laufen über die löslichen Zwischenstufen HFeO; , FeO; bzw. Cd(OH)ä′ ab, deren Sättigungskonze trationen geschwindigkeitsbestimmend sind, da sie die Diffusionsgeschwindigkeiten und die Kristallisation direkt beeinflussen.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF MOLECULES IN DEFINED VIBRATION STATES. III. REACTION OF HYDROGEN N CHLORIDE(V) WITH HYDROGEN, DEUTERIUM, CHLORINE AND BROMINE ATOMS
Authors: ARNOLDI D. , WOLFRUM J.
Published: March 2016

Reaktionen von Molekülen in definierten Schwingungszuständen (III), die Reaktion von HCl(v) mit H‐, D‐, Cl‐ und Br‐Atomen.
ChemInform Abstract: REVERSIBLE REARRANGEMENTS IN A SERIES OF IMIDOPHOSPHORIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: KABACHNIK M. I. , ZASLAVSKII N. N. , GILYAROVA V. A. , PETROVSKII P. V. , SVOREN' V. D.
Published: March 2016

Unter der Einwirkung von elektrophilen Reagentien oder beim Erwärmen erfolgt bei Acylirnidophosphor‐Verbindungen (I), die mindestens eine Alkoxygruppe am Imidphosphoratom besitzen, z.B. Trialkyl‐(dialkyl‐phosphinoy1in1ido)‐phosphat bzw. ‐thiophosphat, eine Imid‐Imid‐Umlagerung zu (II), die in der Regel nicht umkehrbar ist.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL SYNTHESES. X. PHOTODIMERS OF DERIVATIVES OF NAPHTHALENECARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: TEITEI T. , WELLS D. , SASSE W. H. F.
Published: March 2016

Eine Reihe von Naphthalincarbonsäureestern bilden Photodimere, wie z.B. die Ester (I) und (IV) die Dimeren (II) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF 9,10‐O‐BENZENO‐4A,9,9A,10‐TETRAHYDRO‐1,4‐ANTHRAQUINONE
Authors: MURAYAMA K. , KITAGUCHI N. , OTSUKI T.
Published: March 2016

Durch Belichtung des Anthxachinons (I) in Benzol und in Gegenwart von Xanthen erhält man das Dihydroanthrachinon (III) und dessen Dimeres (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF L‐α‐AMINONITRILES
Authors: KAWASHIRO K. , YOSHIDA H. , MORIMOTO S.
Published: March 2016

Durch Dehydratisierung der "Carbonsäureamide (I) erhält man die geschützten Aminonitrile (II), die sauer zu den gesuchten Verbindungen (III) gespalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF ALKYL HALIDES WITH MERCURY(II) SALTS IN TETRAHYDROFURAN. A FACILE PREPARATION OF 4‐ALKOXYBUTYL ACETATES AND CHLORIDES
Authors: WATANABE N. , UEMURA S. , OKANO M.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion der prim. und sek. Alkyljodide und ‐bromide (I) mit Hg(II)‐acetat oder ‐chlorid in THF führt zu den THF‐inkorporierten Verbindungen (II) und in einigen Fällen zu den 1:2‐Verbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF THIOCARBONIC ACID MONOESTER CHLORIDES AND THIOCARBAMIC ACID CHLORIDES WITH ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: VIOLA H. , MAYER R.
Published: March 2016

Das Esterchlorid (I) reagiert mit Grignard‐ Reagenzien zu den Dithiocarbonsäureäthylestern (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF ALKYLDICYANAMIDES. III. ADDITION OF OXYGEN NUCLEOPHILES TO ALKYLDICYANAMIDES
Authors: BENDERS P. H.
Published: March 2016

Bei sorgfältiger Kontrolle der Reaktionsbedingungen gelingt die selektive Addition von Nucleophilen wie Wasser, Alkohole und Phenole an nur einer Cyanogruppe von (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A SYNTHESIS OF TETRACYCLO(5,3,1,12,6,04,9)DODECANE (ICEANE)
Authors: HAMON D. P. G. , TAYLOR G. F.
Published: March 2016

Ausgangsverbindung für die Darstellung der hochsymmetrischen Titelverbindung (IVb) war die bekannte Carbonsäure (Ia), die mit N‐Brom‐succinimid zu (Ib) bromiert wurde.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENT OF SPIRANS‐ IV. SYNTHESIS
Authors: CHATTERJEE D. N. , CHAKRAVORTY S. R.
Published: March 2016

Die Herstellung verschiedener spirocyclischer Hydroaromaten wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIC ANALOGUES OF β‐ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS CIS‐ AND TRANS‐3‐AMINO‐6‐BROMOCHROMAN‐4‐OLS
Authors: BUI VINH LAP BUI VINH LAP , WILLIAMS L. R.
Published: March 2016

Das Reduktionsprodukt (II) des Acetamidochromanons (Ia) reagiert mit SOCI, unter Inversion zu dem trans‐Chlorid (III), dessen Hydroxylierung mit Methanol/Na‐acetat zu dem trans‐Alkohol (IV) führt; dieser setzt sich mit SOCl, zu dem cis‐Chlorid (V) um, das mit siedendem wäßrigem Aceton zu einem 3: 5:2‐Gemisch aus (II), (IV) und dem Aminsalz (VI) hydrolysiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐OXIDES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. XLVI. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PYRIDINE 1‐NITROIMIDES AND COMPARISON WITH QUANTUM CHEMICAL PREDICTIONS
Authors: ARRIAU J. , DARGELOS A. , EPSZTAJN J. , KATRITZKY A. R. , LUNT E. , MITCHELL J. W. , RIZVI S. Q. A. , ROCH G.
Published: March 2016

Eine Reihe chemischer und physikalischer Untersuchungen werden beschrieben: UV‐Spektrum von Pyridin‐1‐nitroimid (Ia) in neutraler und protonierter Fonn; Protonierung (pK‐Werte) der Verbindungen (Ia) und (Ib) (R: 2‐Me) sowie von Vergleichsverbindungen; Reaktionen von (Ia) mit PCl3 bzw. AC2 O zu Pyridin; Fehlversuche zur Alkylierung, Nitrierung, Bromierung und Mercurierung von (Ia); basenkatalysierter H‐/D‐Austausch der Verbindungen (Ia‐d); bei H‐/D‐Austausch mit NaOD bei (Ia) eintretende Ringöffnung zu Glutaconaldehyd‐Derivaten; Massenspektren von (Ia‐d).
ChemInform Abstract: METHOTREXATE ANALOGS. 7. SYNTHESIS OF TWO HIGHER HOMOLOGS AND A POSITIONAL ISOMER OF METHOTREXATE DIETHYL ESTER AS POTENTIAL ANTITUMOR AGENTS
Authors: ROSOWSKY A. , CHEN K. K. N. , PAPATHANASOPOULOS N.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem tosylierten p‐Methylaminobenzoesäurechlorid (I) entstehen mit den Aminocarbonsäureestern (II) die Amide (III), die nach Eliminierung des Tosylrestes zu (IV) mit dem Chlormethylpyrazin‐N‐oxid (V) zu (VI) kondensieren.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN HETEROCYCLICS. VI. SYNTHESIS OF THIAZOLOBENZOTRIAZEPINES
Authors: MAHAJAN M. P. , SONDHI S. M. , RALHAN N. K.
Published: March 2016

Die Thiazoline (I) lassen sich durch Erhitzen mit den Säuren (II) in Acetanhydrid je nach dem Molverhältnis einfach an der Aminogruppe oder doppelt an der Amino‐ und der Iminogruppe [zu den Verbindungen (III)] acylieren.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON 1‐AZABICYCLO COMPOUNDS. XXVII. SYNTHESIS OF TEN‐MEMBERED RING AMINES FROM 1‐OXO‐, 9A‐BENZYL‐, AND 9A‐BENZYL‐1‐OXOQUINOLIZIDINE
Authors: ARATA Y. , YASUDA SH. , TOKUNO K. , HANAOKA M.
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung der Chinolizidiniumsalze (I) und des aus (Ib) durch Stevens‐Umlagerung und Quaternisierung hergestellten Salzes (IV) mit Natriumamalgam führt zu den zehngliedrigen Aminoketonen (II) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: ALKOXYCYCLOTRIPHOSPHAZENES AND THEIR REACTION PRODUCTS
Authors: VOLODIN A. A. , ZELENETSKII S. N. , ZIMNUKHOV YU. A. , KIREEV V. V. , KORSHAK V. V.
Published: March 2016

Behandelt man Hexachlor‐cyclotriphosphazen in Tetrahydrofuran mit Alkoholaten, so erhält man Alkoxy‐ cyclotriphosphazene (I), die man chromatographisch reinigen kann.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES OF IRON(II) COMPLEXES WITH SEVERAL SCHIFF BASES‐ NEW EXAMPLES OF 5T2‐1A1 EQUILIBRIUM
Authors: MAEDA Y. , TAKASHIMA Y. , NISHIDA Y.
Published: March 2016

Durch Mischen der Fe(II)‐salze und der aus den Carbaldehyden und entsprechenden Aminen erhaltenen Schiffschen Basen in Äthanol werden die Komplexe (I)‐(IV) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐COPPER(DIMETHYLAMINOMETHYL)FERROCENE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF MONOSUBSTITUTED DIFERROCENYLS
Authors: NESMEYANOV A. N. , SEDOVA N. N. , VOLGIN YU. V. , SAZONOVA V. A.
Published: March 2016

Das 2‐Cupro‐dimethylaminomethyl‐ferrocen (III) erhält man aus 2‐Lithio‐dimethylaminomethylferrocen (I) und der Komplexverbindung Dimethylaminomethyl‐ferrocen/Kupfer (I)‐jodid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CIRCULAR DICHROISM OF NICKEL(II) AND COPPER(II) COMPLEXES WITH OPTICALLY ACTIVE DIAMINES CONTAINING A PYRROLIDINYL GROUP
Authors: MURAKAMI T. , KITAGAWA S. , HATANO M.
Published: March 2016

Durch Umsetzung der Metallperchlorate bzw. Nitrate mit den eine (S)‐Pyrrolidinylgruppe enthaltenen Diaminen im Verhältnis l 23 bzw. 1 z2 werden die Komplexe (I) und (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF DIHYDRIDOTETRAKIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)RUTHENIUM(II) WITH OLEFINS AND ISOLATION OF NEW RUTHENIUM‐OLEFIN COMPLEXES
Authors: KOMIYA S. , YAMAMOTO A.
Published: March 2016

Der Titelkomplex (I) bildet mit Äthylen, Propylen, Styrol und Butadien die Olefin‐koordinierten, thermisch labilen Ru(0)‐Komplexe (II) neben äquimolaren Mengen ihrer Hydrierungsprodukte (III) und Triphenylphosphin.
ChemInform Abstract: BINUCLEAR MIXED VALENCE RUTHENIUMAMMINE COMPLEXES WITH TERT‐BUTYLMALONONITRILE AS BRIDGING LIGAND
Authors: KRENTZIEN H. , TAUBE H.
Published: March 2016

Durch Zugabe einer stöchiometrischen Menge von tert.‐Butylmalononitril zu einer entlüfteten Lösung von Monoaquopentamminruthenium(III) und anschließende Reduktion mit Zn‐Amalgam unter Argon wurde der zweikernige Komplex (Ia) dargestellt und als Hexafluorophosphat gefällt.
ChemInform Abstract: SILYL AND GERMYL COMPLEXES OF PLATINUM AND PALLADIUM. PART 4. REACTIONS BETWEEN FOUR‐COORDINATED HALOGENOHYDRIDOBIS(TRIETHYLPHOSPHINE)PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES AND SILYL‐AMINES OR ‐PHOSPHINES
Authors: EBSWORTH E. A. V. , EDWARD J. M. , RANKIN D. W. H.
Published: March 2016

Während die Reaktion von Hydridojodo‐bis‐[tri‐ äthylphosphin]‐Pt(IV) mit Disilylamin (III) zu den beiden Produkten (I) und (II) führt, entsteht bei der Umsetzung mit Trisilylamin (V) ausschließlich der Disilylaminosilyl‐Komplex (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SINENSAL
Authors: BAUMANN M. , HOFFMANN W. , POMMER H.
Published: March 2016

Für die Sesquiterpene α‐ (Ia) und β‐Sinensal (Ib) werden verschiedene neue Synthesen beschrieben: Ausgangsverbindungen sind das aus den Verbindungen (II) und (III) erhältliche Acetal (IV) und das analog zugängliche Acetal (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: TERPENOIDS. PART CVIII‐ SYNTHESIS OF DL‐EPIBICYCLOSESQUIPHELLANDRENE
Authors: VIG O. P. , AHUJA V. D. , SEHGAL V. K. , SHARMA S. D.
Published: March 2016

Aus Menthol erhaltenes Menthon (I) wird mit Ameisensäureester/Natriumäthylat zu (II) formyliert und dann mit Methylvinylketon (III) zu (IV) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF STEREOISOMERIC ALANINE CONTAINING PEPTIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: OKADA Y. , TANI SH. , YAWATARI Y. , YAGYU M.
Published: March 2016

Synthesis of Stereoisomeric Alanine Containing Peptide Derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE PREPARATION OF α‐NITROOLEFINS OF CARBOHYDRATES
Authors: TACHIMORI Y. , TAKAMOTO T. , SUDOH R.
Published: March 2016

Die Behandlung des Nitroglucopyranosids (I) mit Methansulfonylchlorid ergibt ein Gemisch von Nitroolefin (II) und Substitutionsprodukt (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDES. CIII. ANHYDROPYRIMIDINE C‐NUCLEOSIDES. SYNTHESIS OF 4,2′‐ANHYDRO‐5‐(β‐D‐ARABINOFURANOSYL)‐ AND 5‐(β‐D‐ARABINOFURANOSYL)PYRIMIDINE C‐NUCLEOSIDES
Authors: REICHMAN U. , CHU C. K. , WEMPEN I. , WATANABE K. A. , FOX J. J.
Published: March 2016

Zur Untersuchung auf Wirkung gegenüber verschiedenen Streptomyceten werden verschiedene Modifizierungsprodukte aus (I) und (V) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURES OF TWO DIMERS FORMED FROM LOMATIN (9,10‐DIHYDRO‐9‐HYDROXY‐8,8‐DIMETHYL‐8H‐BENZO(1,2‐B‐3,4‐B′)DIPYRAN‐2‐ONE)
Authors: KAMAT V. S. , TRIVEDI G. K. , BHATTACHARYYA S. C.
Published: March 2016

Behandlung von Lomatin (Ia) mit p‐Toluolsulfonsäure gibt das Dihydrooroselon (II) als Hauptprodukt und die beiden C‐8‐Epimeren (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A STABLE ENOLATE COMPLEX FROM TETRAMETHYL‐3‐THIETANONE AND DIIRON NONACARBONYL‐ μ‐O‐μ‐S‐(2,4‐DIMETHYL‐4‐THIOLATO‐2‐PENTEN‐3‐OLATO)DIIRON HEXACARBONYL
Authors: CZAUDERNA B. , JOGUN K. H. , STEZOWSKI J. J. , FOEHLISCH B.
Published: March 2016

Eine 1:1 Mischung von (I) und dem Eisencarbonyl in Hexan liefert nach fraktionierter Sublimation neben dem Ausgangsprodukt (I) ein rotes kristallines Produkt, das nach mehrmaligem Umkristallisieren aus Hexan bei ‐78°C (II) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIPHASE CATALYSIS. KINETICS OF CYANIDE DISPLACEMENT ON 1‐BROMOOCTANE
Authors: REGEN S. L.
Published: March 2016

Untersucht wird die Kinetik im 3‐Phasen‐System: Cyanid (wässrige Phase) ‐ 1‐Brom‐octan (organische Phase, Toluol) ‐ Polystryrol (mit quaternären Ammoniumgruppen substituiert, Katalysatorphase).
ChemInform Abstract: GAS‐PHASE DECOMPOSITIONS OF 1,1‐DIMETHOXYETHANE AND 1,1‐DIETHOXYETHANE CATALYZED BY HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
Authors: DRAEGER M. , FAILES R. L.
Published: March 2016

Die durch HCl katalysierte Reaktion der Titelverbindungen (Ia) und (Ib) im Bereich von 254‐322°C bzw. 225‐285°C führt zu den Vinyl‐ äthern (II) und den Alkoholen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES WITH AROMATIC NITRAMINES. III. KINETICS OF THE ACID‐CATALYZED REARRANGEMENT OF NITRAMINOPYRIDINES
Authors: KOCOCINSKA H. , THOMAS A. , THOMASIK P. , ZALEWSKI R.
Published: March 2016

Es wird die Umlagerung des Nitraminopyridins (I) in 66‐93%iger Schwefelsäure oder 53‐72%iger Perchlorsäure in die Nitroaminopyridine (II) und (III) untersucht, wobei das Isomerenverhältnis nur wenig vomLösungsmittel abhängt.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL CATALYSIS IN ORGANIC REACTIONS. PART II. PRODUCTS AND STEREOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE ISOMERIZATION OF HEPTENES BY THE TRI‐ISOBUTYLALUMINUM‐BIS‐N‐METHYLSALICYLIDENEAMINENICKEL SYSTEM
Authors: GIACOMELLI G. , MENICAGLI R. , LARDICCI L.
Published: March 2016

Die Isomerisierungsfähigkeit von C‐,‐Olefinen an dem Titel‐Komplexsystem (A1: Ni = 50: 1) hängt von ihrer Struktur ab.
ChemInform Abstract: ′REVERSED′ REGIOSELECTIVITY IN THE REDUCTION OF EPOXIDES WITH LITHIUM 9,9‐DI‐N‐BUTYL‐9‐BORABICYCLO(3.3.1)NONANATE
Authors: YAMAMOTO Y. , TOI H. , SONODA A. , MURAHASHI S.‐I.
Published: March 2016

Die Epoxide (II) werden durch das Lithiumboranat (I) zu den Alkoholen (III) und (IV) reduziert, wobei im Fall der aromatischen Epoxide (IIa) und (IIb) die Alkohole (IVa) und (IVb) 99 bzw. 83% des Reaktionsgemisches ausmachen.
ChemInform Abstract: ESTERIFICATION OF ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS WITH BENZOIC ACID IN THE PRESENCE OF DIETHYL AZODICARBOXYLATE AND TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE
Authors: GRYNKIEWICZ G. , BURZYNSKA H.
Published: March 2016

Wie an 8 Allylalkoholen, so dem 2‐Methoxy‐5‐hydroxy‐dihydropyran (Ia), seinem 2‐Epimeren, dem 2‐Benzyloxyme‐ thyl‐Derivat (Ib), dem 2,6‐Di‐[benzyloxymethyl]‐Derivat (Ic) und dessen 2‐Epimeren, gezeigt wird, erfolgt die bekannte Veresterung bei hoher Ausbeute, vollständiger Inversion und ohne Allylumlagerung zu den Benzoaten wie (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF β‐AMINO ENONES
Authors: NISHIO T. , KASHIMA C. , OMOTE Y.
Published: March 2016

In der Übersichtsarbeit wird das Verhalten von i β‐Amino‐enonen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EXCLUSIVE SYN‐AXIAL ALKYLATION OF O‐METHYL OXIMES RESULTING FROM AN ORBITAL SYMMETRY EFFECT
Authors: FRASER R. F. , DHAWAN K. L.
Published: March 2016

Durch Lithiierung des O‐Methyl‐oxims (I) mit Lithiumdiisopropyamid bei ‐78°C in Tetrahydrofuran in Gegenwart von Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid und anschließende Methylierung erhält man in stereoselektiver Weise das Methylderivat (II), das beim Erhitzen in Hexachlorbutadien zu den Isomeren (III) und (IV) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4,6‐TRI‐ISOPROPYLBENZENESULFONYL HYDRAZIDE‐ A CONVENIENT SOURCE OF DI‐IMIDE
Authors: CUSACK N. J. , REESE C. B. , RISIUS A. C. , ROOZPEIKAR B.
Published: March 2016

Das Sulfonylhydrazid (Ia), das aus dem entsprechenden Sulfonylchlorid und Hydrazinhydrat bei ‐10°C dargestellt wird (Ausbeute 96%), zerfällt in [D4]‐Methanol bei 35°C und in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin in das Diimin (II) und Arensulfinat mit einer um das 380fache größeren Geschwindigkeit als das Hydrazid (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: EXPERIMENTS TOWARDS THE SYNTHESIS OF CORRINS. PART XIII. A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 2‐CYANO‐Δ1‐PYRROLINE 1‐OXIDES AND THEIR BEHAVIOR TOWARDS A GRIGNARD REAGENT
Authors: BLACK D. ST. C. , CLARK V. M. , THAKUR R. S. , TODD L.
Published: March 2016

Die 2‐Alkyl‐pyrrolinoxide (I) werden zu den Oximen (II) nitrosiert, von denen (IIa) bzw. (IIb) bei saurer Hydrolyse in die Pyridonoxide (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 7‐BENZYL‐3‐OXO‐7H,1,2,3,4,5,6‐HEXAHYDROPYRROLO(2,3‐C)PYRIDAZINE
Authors: YAKHONTOV L. N. , URITSKAYA M. YA. , GLUSHKOV R. G.
Published: March 2016

Das aus β‐Benzylaminopropionsäure und Diäthyloxalat gewonnene Pyrrolidindion (I) wird nach Reduktion und Umwandlung ins Chlorid mit Malonester kondensiert und nach Hydrolyse schließlich in den Ester (III) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2H‐1,3‐OXAZIN‐2‐ONES
Authors: BAYDAR A. E. , BOYD G. V.
Published: March 2016

Synthesis of 2H‐1,3‐Oxazin‐2‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: PROTONATION OF RHODIUM‐OLEFIN COMPLEXES
Authors: SEIWELL L. P.
Published: March 2016

Die untersuchten Rh‐Olefin‐Komplexe (I) wurden überwiegend durch Reaktion des Cyclopentadienyl‐diäthylen‐Komplexes mit substituierten Äthylenen dargestellt.
Solids velocity fluctuations in concentrated slurries
Authors: Hashemi Seyed A. , Spelay Ryan B. , Adane Kofi F. K. , Sean Sanders R.
Published: March 2016

Experiments were performed in a 265 mm diameter pipe loop with sand‐in‐water slurries (d50 = 0.371 mm). In situ solids volumetric concentrations ranging from 20–40 % by volume (0.20–0.45 L/L) and mixture velocities up to 6 m/s were tested. Measurements of the instantaneous and average solids velocity and turbulent intensity profiles across the centreline diameter of the pipe were obtained using a particle velocity probe. A CFD package, ANSYS CFX 14, was used to perform numerical simulations. Solids turbulent intensities were found to be greater near the bottom of the pipe where solids concentrations are typically higher and significant particle‐pipe wall interactions occur. The agreement between the numerical results and the experimental data was found to be concentration dependent, with relatively closer agreement at lower concentrations.
Effect of pipe inclination on the deposition velocity of settling slurries
Authors: Spelay Ryan B. , Gillies Randall G. , Hashemi Seyed A. , Sanders R. Sean
Published: March 2016

Experiments were conducted using a 100 mm diameter pipe loop to investigate the deposition velocity (Vc) of settling slurries in inclined pipe flows up to 20° (36.4  %). Slurries which comprised silica sand or gravel (0.1–8 mm) and water were tested at solids concentrations between 6–40  % by volume (0.06–0.4 L/L). For the fine (d ∼0.1 mm) and intermediate solids (d ∼0.19 mm, 0.3 mm), increases in Vc with pipe inclination were marginal. For the coarsest solids (2 and 8 mm gravel), the deposition velocity increased significantly with pipe inclination. A comparison is made with the results of Wilson and Tse. The effect of inclination is correlated with the efficiency of turbulent suspension of the particles.
Particle terminal settling velocities in non‐Newtonian viscoplastic fluids
Authors: Arabi Ameneh S. , Sanders R. Sean
Published: March 2016

Accurate prediction of the settling velocity of a single particle in a quiescent, non‐Newtonian fluid is often required for analysis of fluid‐particle systems, e.g. the design and operation of slurry pipelines and solid‐liquid separation processes. Wilson et al. presented a direct method that was able to provide reasonable predictions of the terminal settling velocity of a sphere in a fluid with a yield stress. This method is somewhat limited in its applicability: if the fluid yield stress is greater than the calculated reference shear stress, the correlation cannot produce a prediction of terminal settling velocity. Measurements of terminal fall velocities of precision spheres in quiescent Kaolinite‐water suspensions were collected in the present study. Kaolinite volume concentrations were 10.6–21.7 % (0.106–0.217 L/L) resulting in suspension yield stresses of 1.3–30 Pa. Both Casson and Bingham models were satisfactory for modelling the clay‐water mixture rheology. An analogy of the Wilson‐Thomas analysis for the pipe flow of non‐Newtonian fluids was used to develop a new method for predicting terminal settling velocity of a sphere in a viscoplastic fluid. The new method does not have the limitations of the Wilson et al. method, and also provides more accurate predictions. The experimental results obtained here show that further research is needed to better characterize particle behaviour at low shear Reynolds numbers (Re* < 10).
Copper‐Catalyzed Redox‐Triggered Remote CH Functionalization: Highly Selective Formation of CCF3 and CO Bonds
Authors: Li Taotao , Yu Peng , Lin Jin‐Shun , Zhi Yonggang , Liu Xin‐Yuan
Published: March 2016

A Cu‐catalyzed remote sp3 CH/unactivated alkenes functionalization reaction for the concomitant construction of CCF3 and CO bonds was described. An 1,5‐H radical transfer involving an sp3 CH bond adjacent to a nitrogen atom and an α‐CF3‐alkyl radical intermediate derived from unactivated alkenes was observed and demonstrated to proceed via the radical process.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction Within the United States: From Demographics to Outcomes
Authors: Graham Garth
Published: March 2016

In the United States, different races, ethnicities, and their subgroups experience disparities regarding acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and myocardial infarction (MI). This review highlights these differences across 4 stages that comprise the ACS/MI narrative: (1) patient demographics, (2) patient comorbidities and health risks, (3) treatments and their delays, and (4) outcomes. Overall, black and Hispanic ACS/MI patients are more likely to present with comorbidities, experience longer delays before treatment, and suffer worse outcomes when compared with non‐Hispanic white patients. More specifically, across the studies analyzed, black and Hispanic ACS/MI patients were consistently more likely to be younger or female, or to have hypertension or diabetes, than non‐Hispanic white patients. ACS/MI disparities also exist among Asian populations, and these are briefly outlined. However, black, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic white ACS/MI patients were the 3 most‐studied racial and ethnic groups, indicating that additional studies of other minority groups, such as Native Americans, Asian populations, and black and Hispanic subgroups, are needed for their utility in reducing disparities. Despite notable improvement in ACS/MI treatment quality measures over recent decades, disparities persist. Causes are complex and extend beyond the healthcare system to culture and patients' personal characteristics; sophisticated solutions will be required. Continued research has the potential to further reduce or eliminate disparities in the comorbidities, delays, and treatments surrounding ACS and MI, extending healthy lifespans of many underserved and minority populations, while reducing healthcare costs.
Differentiability of the Arrival Time
Authors: Colding Tobias Holck , Minicozzi William P.
Published: March 2016

For a monotonically advancing front, the arrival time is the time when the front reaches a given point. We show that it is twice differentiable everywhere with uniformly bounded second derivative. It is smooth away from the critical points where the equation is degenerate. We also show that the critical set has finite codimensional 2 Hausdorff measure. For a monotonically advancing front, the arrival time is equivalent to the level set method, a~priori not even differentiable but only satisfying the equation in the viscosity sense . Using that it is twice differentiable and that we can identify the Hessian at critical points, we show that it satisfies the equation in the classical sense. The arrival time has a game theoretic interpretation. For the linear heat equation, there is a game theoretic interpretation that relates to Black‐Scholes option pricing. From variations of the Sard and Łojasiewicz theorems, we relate differentiability to whether singularities all occur at only finitely many times for flows.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A general framework for measuring system complexity
Authors: Efatmaneshnik Mahmoud , Ryan Michael J.
Published: March 2016

In this work, we are motivated by the observation that previous considerations of appropriate complexity measures have not directly addressed the fundamental issue that the complexity of any particular matter or thing has a significant subjective component in which the degree of complexity depends on available frames of reference. Any attempt to remove subjectivity from a suitable measure therefore fails to address a very significant aspect of complexity. Conversely, there has been justifiable apprehension toward purely subjective complexity measures, simply because they are not verifiable if the frame of reference being applied is in itself both complex and subjective. We address this issue by introducing the concept of subjective simplicity—although a justifiable and verifiable value of subjective complexity may be difficult to assign directly, it is possible to identify in a given context what is “simple” and, from that reference, determine subjective complexity as distance from simple. We then propose a generalized complexity measure that is applicable to any domain, and provide some examples of how the framework can be applied to engineered systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 533–546, 2016
Age differences in conditioned place preferences and taste aversions to nicotine
Authors: Dannenhoffer Carol A. , Spear Linda P.
Published: March 2016

Adolescents and adults differ in their behavioral sensitivities to drugs of abuse, including nicotine. Studies have shown that both rewarding and aversive properties of drugs of abuse can exist concomitantly. The present study investigated the ontogeny of these opposing qualities across a range of doses using a combined conditioned taste aversion and place preference paradigm in pair‐housed rats that were not deprived of food or water. Results indicated that adolescents were more sensitive to the rewarding properties of nicotine than adults. In contrast, although all doses produced a taste aversion at both ages in the same rats, the aversion was weaker at lower than high doses in adolescents whereas adults showed strong aversion at all doses, suggesting modest attenuation in nicotine's aversive properties among adolescents relative to adults. Thus, attenuated aversive and accented appetitive sensitivities of adolescents to nicotine can be experienced simultaneously in the same animals. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 660–666, 2016.
Mapping neurogenesis onset in the optic tectum of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Herrgen Leah , Akerman Colin J.
Published: March 2016

Neural progenitor cells have a central role in the development and evolution of the vertebrate brain. During early brain development, neural progenitors first expand their numbers through repeated proliferative divisions and then begin to exhibit neurogenic divisions. The transparent and experimentally accessible optic tectum of Xenopus laevis is an excellent model system for the study of the cell biology of neurogenesis, but the precise spatial and temporal relationship between proliferative and neurogenic progenitors has not been explored in this system. Here we construct a spatial map of proliferative and neurogenic divisions through lineage tracing of individual progenitors and their progeny. We find a clear spatial separation of proliferative and neurogenic progenitors along the anterior‐posterior axis of the optic tectum, with proliferative progenitors located more posteriorly and neurogenic progenitors located more anteriorly. Since individual progenitors are repositioned toward more anterior locations as they mature, this spatial separation likely reflects an increasing restriction in the proliferative potential of individual progenitors. We then examined whether the transition from proliferative to neurogenic behavior correlates with cellular properties that have previously been implicated in regulating neurogenesis onset. Our data reveal that the transition from proliferation to neurogenesis is associated with a small change in cleavage plane orientation and a more pronounced change in cell cycle kinetics in a manner reminiscent of observations from mammalian systems. Our findings highlight the potential to use the optic tectum of Xenopus laevis as an accessible system for the study of the cell biology of neurogenesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1328–1341, 2016
Randomized pilot trial comparing tolvaptan with furosemide on renal and neurohumoral effects in acute heart failure
Authors: Jujo Kentaro , Saito Katsumi , Ishida Issei , Furuki Yuho , Kim Ahsung , Suzuki Yuki , Sekiguchi Haruki , Yamaguchi Junichi , Ogawa Hiroshi , Hagiwara Nobuhisa
Published: March 2016

Aims

Loop diuretics are first‐line medications for congestive heart failure (CHF); however, they are associated with serious adverse effects, including decreased renal function, and sympathetic nervous and renin–angiotensin system activation. We tested whether tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2‐receptor antagonist, could reduce unfavourable furosemide‐induced effects during CHF treatment.

Methods and results

Sixty patients emergently hospitalized owing to CHF‐induced dyspnea were randomly assigned to receive either 40 mg intravenous furosemide daily or 7.5 mg oral tolvaptan for 5 days after admission. Both groups also received intravenous carperitide and canrenoate potassium. As results, baseline patient characteristics were similar between the furosemide (n = 30) and the tolvaptan (n = 30) groups, with no significant difference in 5 day urine volume or fluid balance. Brain natriuretic peptide and body weight improvements were similar between groups. However, serum creatinine (Cr) level did not increase, and the incidence of worsening renal function was significantly lower in the tolvaptan group. Consequently, the Cr increase to gain 1000 mL urine was 2.5‐fold lower in the tolvaptan group. Furthermore, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/Cr ratio significantly decreased in the tolvaptan group, suggesting that renal perfusion was preserved, and urea reuptake and passive water reabsorption were suppressed following tolvaptan treatment. Although catecholamine improvements after treatment were not significantly different, plasma renin activity was enhanced in the furosemide group.

Conclusions

As compared with furosemide, tolvaptan in patients with acute heart failure is associated with comparable decongestion, better preservation of renal function and less activation of renin–angiotensin system. (UMIN 000014134).
Exposing the Excited‐State Equilibrium in an IrIII Bichromophore: A Combined Time Resolved Spectroscopy and Computational Study
Authors: Yarnell James E. , McCusker Catherine E. , Leeds Alexander J. , Breaux Josué M. , Castellano Felix N.
Published: March 2016

The electronic structure and photophysical properties of a luminescent IrIII bis‐cyclometalated complex covalently attached to one 4‐piperidinyl‐1,8‐naphthalimide (PNI) chromophore through a coordinated 1,10‐phenanthroline, [Ir(ppy)2(phen‐PNI)](PF6), is presented. This bichromophore represents a new class of visible light‐harvesting IrIII complexes that exhibit markedly enhanced room‐temperature excited‐state lifetimes (τ = 8.8 ms) as a result of intervening ligand‐centered triplet states present on the pendant naphthalimide chromophore. In this IrIII complex, the intense singlet fluorescence of the pendant PNI chromophore is nearly quantitatively quenched and was found to sensitize the IrIII metal/ligand‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLLCT) excited state. The excited state ultimately returns to the PNI chromophore as a long‐lived excited triplet that disposes of its energy by equilibrating with the photoluminescent IrIII MLLCT excited state. Evidence of the excited‐state equilibrium is provided through static and dynamic photoluminescence spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations.
Sequential, One‐Pot Access to Arylated Benzoquinones/Naphthoquinones from Phenols/Naphthols
Authors: Jiang Jia‐Heng , Boominathan Siva Senthil Kumar , Hu Wan‐Ping , Chen Chung‐Yu , Vandavasi Jaya Kishore , Lin Ying‐Ting , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: March 2016

A sequential one‐pot approach towards arylated benzoquinones and naphthoquinones is reported. The reaction proceeds through oxidation of phenols/naphthols followed by CH‐arylation with a catalytic amount of triflic acid. Preliminary cytotoxic studies were carried out with five different cell lines and some of the compounds show promising activity.
Synthesis of Pironetin–Dumetorine Hybrids as Tubulin Binders
Authors: Marucci Cristina , Christodoulou Michael S. , Pieraccini Stefano , Sironi Maurizio , Dapiaggi Federico , Cartelli Daniele , Calogero Alessandra M. , Cappelletti Graziella , Vilanova Concepción , Gazzola Silvia , Broggini Gianluigi , Passarella Daniele
Published: March 2016

The synthesis of the eight stereoisomers of 6‐[2‐methoxy‐3‐(piperidinyl)propyl]‐5,6‐dihydropyran‐2‐one is reported. The configuration at C2′ and C6 is induced by a sterecontrolled allylation reaction with DIP‐Cl. The general structure is the result of merging the structures of two natural products (pironetin and dumetorine) with the aim of discovering a new scaffold for tubulin binders. Docking studies and biological evaluations confirm the validity of the approach.
Expectations of recovery: A prognostic factor in patients with neck pain undergoing manual therapy treatment
Authors: Palmlöf L. , Holm L. W. , Alfredsson L. , Skillgate E.
Published: March 2016

Background

Expectations have been investigated in populations seeking care for neck pain, however not considering potential confounding factors. The aim of this study was to investigate if pretreatment expectations of recovery is a prognostic factor for recovery from neck pain at 7 weeks follow‐up in patients seeking manual therapy treatment.

Method

The study was based on the Stockholm Manual Intervention Trial, a randomized controlled trial investigating efficiency of three combinations of manual therapy. The patients with neck pain were included in this study (n = 716).

Expectations of recovery was measured at baseline; ‘How likely is it, according to your judgment, that you are completely recovered from your neck/back problems in 7 weeks’. Patients answered on a 11‐point scale, further categorized into low, moderate and high expectations. The outcome was measured at 7 weeks follow‐up by a modified version of the Global Perceived Recovery Question. Potential effect measure modifiers and confounders were measured at baseline. Multivariable log binomial regression models were used to analyse the association between expectations and recovery, presented as relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

High expectations of recovery yielded a 47% increased probability of being recovered at 7 weeks follow‐up. High expectations of recovery yielded improved recovery in both men and women separately, but moderate expectations yielded improved recovery only among men.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that expectations of recovery is a prognostic factor for recovery in patients with neck pain seeking manual therapy treatment.

What does this study add?

We found that high expectations of recovery yielded a higher probability of recovery compared to having low expectations, also when considering potential confounding factors. Expectations seemed to have a more distinct influence on recovery among men.
The effects of total knee replacement and non‐surgical treatment on pain sensitization and clinical pain
Authors: Skou S.T. , Roos E.M. , Simonsen O. , Laursen M.B. , Rathleff M.S. , Arendt‐Nielsen L. , Rasmussen S.
Published: March 2016

Background

The objective was to compare the effect of total knee replacement (TKR) followed by a 3‐month non‐surgical treatment with the non‐surgical treatment alone in reducing pain sensitization and other pain‐related measures in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

One hundred patients were randomized to (1) TKR followed by a non‐surgical treatment of neuromuscular exercise, education, diet, insoles and pain medication or (2) the non‐surgical treatment alone. Outcomes assessed at baseline and after 3 months were as follows: (1) pain sensitization assessed as pressure‐pain thresholds (PPTs) at the knee (localized sensitization) and the lower leg (spreading sensitization), (2) peak pain intensity during the previous 24 h, (3) pain intensity after 30 min of walking, (4) pain location and pattern, (5) spreading of pain on a region‐divided body chart and (6) the usage of pain medication.

Results

There was a statistical significant mean difference (95% CI) in change in PPTs from baseline to 3 months between groups in the crude analysis of 71 kPa (21–121) and of 75 kPa (33–117) when adjusting for baseline PPT, age, gender and body mass index, favouring the group having TKR. There were no significant between‐group differences in change in the pain‐related measures from baseline to 3 months (p = 0.15–0.27). Both groups improved in most of the pain‐related measures (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

At 3 months, TKR followed by non‐surgical treatment is more effective in reducing localized and spreading pain sensitization than non‐surgical treatment alone. Both treatments are equally efficacious in reducing the pain‐related measures of this study.

What does this study add?

Knee replacement followed by non‐surgical treatment is more effective in reducing pain sensitization, but not other pain‐related measures, as compared to non‐surgical treatment alone at 3 months.