bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dusty Fluid Flow - Unsteady MHD with Two Parallel Plates with Heat and Mass Source
Authors: Ashraf Ali M. , Mohamed Ismail A. , Vaithyasubramanian S.
Published: April 2021

In dusty fluid flow, this paper analyses the composition of an unstable MHD with two parallel plates with heat and mass source transfer. By using the transformation of similarity, the differential equations of momentum and energy which will be of more than one variable is simplified into equations of single variable. Flow characteristics and characteristics of heat transfer for various control parameter values; viz. Analysis involves fluid velocity, dust phase velocity with corresponding heat and mass source parameters.
Heat and mass transfer effect between vertical plates through porous medium and chemical reaction effect on free convective MHD flow with soret effect
Authors: Niranjana N. , Vidhya M. , Govindarajan A. , Priyadarshini E.
Published: April 2021

This Problem deals with an oscillatory progression of an electrically conducting liquid with viscosity in the two dimensional field. MHD, mass and heat transfer are all consider here. The fluid passes through a permeable moving wet porous plate in the presences of transverse magnetic field. Vertical infinite porous plate is considered here.. Thermal diffusion effect is added into the governing equation. By using the perturbation technique, the analytical solution of the problem was obtained for the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, Various non-dimensional parameters like Soret number, Schmidt number, Modified Grashof number, Prandtl number for heat and mass transfer are all discussed and he results depicted through graphs1.
A Novel Way of Detecting and Correcting Transmitted Errors using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Neeraja A. , Amudhambigai B.
Published: April 2021

Transmission and receival of messages always play an important role on various channels. Besides the transmission it is also necessary to be sure that only the exactly transmitted is transferred and the original message is not trampled due to the presence of some disturbance sources in the channel. Inspite of precautions if there is an error in transmission it is mandatory to recover the original message with the aid of several decoding measures. One among the decoding measures is the method of implementing the notion of fuzzy logic, which has its wide applications in several fields. Thus in this paper with the help of the concept of relative weights, the codes are studied in the sense of fuzzy logic to decode the transmitted message, detect errors in transmission and to correct them. Hence the technique of detecting and correcting errors presented in this paper provides a better outcome in comparison with several existing such methods. The prime aim of studying these concepts in fuzzy logic, is it’s precision and accuracy in terms of membership values which avoids the disparities that arises in other methods.
One Modulo Three Mean Labeling Of Graphs
Authors: Sudarvizhi G. , Balasangu K.
Published: April 2021

The concept of one modulo three mean labeling graph is, if there is an injective functionφfrom the vertex set of G to the set {a/0 ≤a≤ 3q− 2and either a≡ 0(mod3)or a≡ 1 (mod3)} where q is the number of edges of G andφinduces a bijectionφ* from the edge set of G to {a/1≤a≤ 3q− 2,a≡ 1 (mod3) } given byφ*(uυ)=[φ(u)+φ(υ)2]and the functionφis called one modulo three mean labeling of G. In this paper, we obtain the results of one modulo three mean labeling of some several graphs.
Dominator Coloring of Hajós and Trampoline graph
Authors: Manjula T , Rajeswari R
Published: April 2021

A proper node coloring of a graph where every node of the graph dominates all nodes of some color class is called the dominator coloring of the graph. The least number of colors used in the dominator coloring of a graph is called the dominator coloring number denoted by χd
(G). The dominator coloring number and domination number of generalized Hajós graph, partial generalized Hajós graph and trampoline are derived and the relation between them are expressed in this paper.
On the Secure Domination of Benes Networks
Authors: Angel D , Mary Jeya Jothi R , Revathi R , Raja A.
Published: April 2021

This paper focuses on the fascinating and highly active area of research on domination in graphs. In this article, the secure domination problem in graph theory is solved for Benes networks. The results obtained can be used in finding minimum secure dominating sets for an interconnection network whose vertices are the routing servers while it becomes necessary to obtain an optimal solution for designing the network defence strategy.
Implementation of hybrid model Converter for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Amala Rani V. , Marshiana D. , Jamunarani D. , Rajalakshmi G. , Bestley Joe S.
Published: April 2021

The increase in the use of non-conventional energy sources in our day to day life is to save our earth. The hybrid wind and photovoltaic power generation system allow supplying the load either individually or at the same time. This technique includes the Cuk and Sepic converters together and this eliminates the accessibility for extra input filters having high-frequency harmonics. The rapid changes in the atmospheric conditions can be control by using the Maximum Power Point Tracking technique because of its high tracking accuracy. To increase the output power and efficiency the Buck Boost and Sepic converters are used. Converters output ripple voltage can be reduced by the photovoltaic array voltage which can vary from 0 to 600V. The thin-film PV panels and the MPPT methodology is produced with the help of converters by reducing the stress occurred in voltage due to inverters and to work at 230V DC-bus voltage reducing Simulation is carried out MATLAB Simulink.
Ionic liquid-assisted nanocellulose preparation from microcrystalline cellulose
Authors: Haron Gamal Abdalla Suliman , Noh Hilmi Bin , Moniruzzaman Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Nanocellulose (NC) has generated interest from the scientific community because of their biodegradability, and unique physiochemical characteristics. In this study, ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [Bmim][HSO4] combined with high ultrasonication is used to prepare NC from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The investigation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the obtained NC had a rod-like shape with average particle diameter and length of 0.77±0.28μm, 2.11±0.65mμ respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization exhibited that the prepared NC maintained the cellulose type I structure and the recovered IL (97%) composition remained intact as the pure IL. Therefore, it is expected to develop a green approach to produce nanocellulose with high quality using ILs.
Collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on user behavior and drug semantics
Authors: Wang Ruiyang , Li Tao
Published: April 2021

When the traditional collaborative filtering algori- thm is applied to drug recommendation, the recommendation effect is not good due to the sparsity of data. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on user behavior and drug semantics (UBDS-CF). Firstly, we construct the purchasing behavior matrix of users and drugs, and use the weighted cosine similarity to calculate the basic similarity between drugs; then construct the category label matrix of drugs, calculate the category similarity, and extract the feature vector of drug function text using the word vector model; category and main function together constitute the drug semantic information; finally, the above two similarities are integrated in a linear weighted manner to obtain the final similarity of drugs. Experimental results show that the average absolute error and root mean square error of the algorithm are significantly reduced, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Defect Recognition in Radioscopic Image Sequences based on Bag-of-Words
Authors: Chang Fan , Chen Fumin , Tang KaiXuan
Published: April 2021

Digital X-ray real-time imaging is a new technology in non-destructive detection using image sequences. At present, manual identification of defects is mainly used in practice, which is expertise-dependent and prone to errors. The existing automatic recognition method based on radiographic images mainly recognizes a single defect type for a single radiographic image, which is easy to produce a large number of false detections in non-defect areas, and cannot correctly identify images containing multiple types of defects. A defect recognition method based on Bag-of-Words is proposed, which uses the inter-frame difference method to obtain the moving target area, namely the defect area, and uses the SIFT operator based on the Bag-of-Words model to extract the defect features, and then the trained support vector machine (SVM) performs recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce false detections in non-defective areas. The defect recognition method correctly recognizes the defect category with a probability of 85.3%.
Research and implementation of yield recognition of Citrus reticulata based on target detection
Authors: Qin Xiaoyue , Huang Ruwei , Hua Bei
Published: April 2021

In order to effectively assess the yield of Citrus. This paper proposed a scheme to identify and calculate the size of the Citrus objects on the tree in order to achieve yield prediction which is based on the target detection technology and the principle of insinuation geometry. The results of the experiments show that, this scheme has good detection effect on the whole Citrustree or local multiple fruit on the tree in the field orchard whose correct rate of identification can reach 90% and recognition rate is as low as 1.006 frame per second. After manual measurement verification, the conFiguration achieved the accuracy of 80%. This paper is of great significance in the practicality of fast fruit counting, and the difficult problem of selecting Citrus, which consumes a supply of manpower, is solved preliminary.
Characteristic Analysis and Investigation Strategy of Computer Network Crime
Authors: Tang Liangyan
Published: April 2021

This article analyzes the basic characteristics of computer network crime, including diversity, concealment, severity. The research content of this article combines the key points of application of electronic forensics technology, network investigation technology, and network tracking investigation technology. The author studied how to determine the investigative strategy, implement temptation investigation, and do a good job of monitoring and tracking coping strategies. The purpose of this article is to speed up the investigation of computer network crimes and improve the efficiency of solving cases.
Web Page Design of Automobile Energy Saving and Emission Reduction System Based on Neural Network
Authors: Zu Lin-Mei , Quan Kai-Li , Qi Guang-Lei , Hou Xiao-Gang
Published: April 2021

With the continuous development of economy and society, the demand and use of automobiles are increasing all over the world. China’s automobile industry has gradually grown into one of the important industries. Automobile exhaust has become one of the main sources of air pollutants in many cities, and automobile exhaust in some cities has a great impact on many air pollution indicators. If we can provide a more energy-saving route for the driver before the driver leaves, combining with the traffic situation forecast, we can better realize the energy-saving and emission-reduction of automobile travel. This paper mainly introduces the web page design of an automobile energy saving and emission reduction system based on neural network, which is implemented by Python, Html, JavaScript, CSS, Java and other programming languages, and meets the basic needs of users.
Multi-UAVs cooperative task assignment and path planning scheme
Authors: Du Xiaoyu , Guo Qicheng , Li Hui , Zhang Yanyu
Published: April 2021

The task assignment and path planning problems of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (multi-UAVs) cooperative assistance roadside units (RSUs) for data collection are optimization problems with the goal of minimizing time and energy consumption. This paper proposes a hierarchical optimization scheme for multi-UAVs collaborative assistance RSUs data collection. This solution solves the problems that the number of UAVs needs to be set in advance, the convergence speed is slow when the number of tasks increases, and it is easy to fall into a local optimal solution, and the convergence accuracy is poor. First, the solution uses the K-means algorithm to allocate tasks and group RSUs to find the right number of UAVs to perform the task. Then, this paper proposes a hybrid optimization algorithm based on bionic learning for path planning. Finally, we set up a reasonable evaluation mechanism and conducted simulation experiments. The algorithm in this paper is compared with genetic algorithm, gray wolf algorithm and whale algorithm, the results show that the total cost of the task obtained by the proposed algorithm is the lowest, the algorithm stability is better, and the convergence accuracy is the highest.
Airborne Multi-channel Video Synchronization Playback Technology Based on C/S Mode
Authors: Hao Zhao , An Ying , Zhang Guo Wang
Published: April 2021

In the flight test, the airborne video data is an important part of the flight test data. At present, the airborne recorded video data is an independent M2T file, and the existing video playback software can only play back a single video file. In order to solve the problem of synchronous playback of airborne multi-channel video data, a multi-channel video synchronous playback technology based on C/S mode is proposed. The server performs video file reading control, and the client performs video decoding and display. Firstly, the basic concept of FFMPEG is introduced. Then the overall design of the system is discussed. The design and implementation of the server and the client are emphasized. The system is designed with C++ language, and the TCP/IP protocol is used in the server to interact with the client. Software design uses modularity and multi-threaded to improve processing efficiency and ensure functional scalability. At present, the software has been successfully applied to the simultaneous playback of multiple types of missions and multiple channels of video. The actual application results show that the system is stable and can effectively improve the efficiency of model flight tests.
Research and design of distributed key-value storage system based on Raft consensus algorithm
Authors: Wang Lin , Chen Xiaobing , Li Weifeng
Published: April 2021

With the rapid development of the Internet, data storage technology has gradually become a major research field in the industry. But stand-alone storage has poor performance in terms of consistency or fault tolerance. Therefore, a new type of key-value storage system for unstructured data storage is widely used. This article mainly researches and designs a distributed key-value storage system based on the Raft consensus algorithm.
AN OPTIMIZED ADABOOST ALGORITHM BASED ON K-MEANS CLUSTERING
Authors: Zhang Peng
Published: April 2021

Classification plays an important role on data mining techniques. AdaBoost is a classic upgrade algorithm on data classification. The Optimization algorithm on AdaBoost emerged is endless. In this paper we make some improvement on the base of a nonlinear AdaBoost algorithm based on statistics for K-nearest neighbors. In the basic algorithm, the prediction accuracies were improved more or less while it took plenty of time to calculate the Euclidean distance between the instance and all the samples. So we raise an improved method to shorten the computing time with K-means Clustering algorithm, and the classification accuracies will be as accurate as the original. Experiment results show that improvement is an effective method while the number of samples is large. And the bigger the number of the samples is, the more time can be saving in the stage of classification for the instance.
A Functionality Testing Method Based on Exploratory Testing for Android Mobile Apps
Authors: Yu Jiujiu , Zhang Jishan , Wu Ning , Mei Yingying , Zhang Deqing , Zhu Lili , Zhu Canglu , Zhu Shaomin
Published: April 2021

The research is based on the characteristics of mobile Applications (Apps), taking an Android mobile App of a small examination system as an application case, this study is devoted to exploring a feasible functionality testing method based on exploratory testing for Android mobile Apps, which includes fundamental functionality logic verification, Graphical User Interface (GUI) automated testing, and special testing. Furthermore, further work is put forward to apply this functionality testing method to IOS mobile Apps, adding new test items for mobile Apps and improving the method of depth-first search for control traversal in GUI automated testing.
Software Supportability Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jin Dahai , Chen Bo , Zhao Meng , Bi Jianquan
Published: April 2021

In order to improve the support ability of software, we must consider the supportability of software in every stage of the whole life cycle of software, and software supportability analysis is an important means and the basis for realizing the goal of software support. It is also an important support to ensure and reduce the cost of software. This paper introduces the task, characteristics and influencing factors of software supportability analysis, and analyzes the supportability of each stage of software life cycle.
GAN-based Wireless Channel Recognition Enhancement in Aerospace Communication System
Authors: Wang Yubo , Zhang Luyong , Cui Jin’ao
Published: April 2021

In the field of communications, wireless channel identification is of great significance for spectrum identification and spectrum resource scheduling, and is an indispensable link in cognitive radio technology. However, the poorness of the aerospace data set will affect the recognition accuracy. This paper studies the application of neural network in aerospace communication wireless channel recognition scenarios. Then, we propose a sample set expansion method based on GAN (Generative Adversarial Networks) to enhance the cognitive ability of neural network. Finally, we compare the accuracy of the channel recognition model before and after the data set expansion. The results show that in the case of small sample data sets, the use of GAN-based data expansion method helps to improve the accuracy of the channel recognition model.
The Design Assurance Method of Reused Airborne Software
Authors: Xu J F
Published: April 2021

Reusing software data from different sources and different reuse methods will affect the full compliance of civil aircraft airborne software. To achieve cost and risk reduction in reused software project, firstly classification of reused airborne software is confirmed and assessment elements are recognized; secondly the assessment framework of software reuse is established and assessment activities and sequences are specified; lastly the reused software design assurance requirements are given from the perspective of certification. This study can provide support for stakeholders of reused software certification to recognize and assess reused software and generate certification strategy in the early stage of project.
Exploration of Internet Hospital Information System Based on Information Integration Platform
Authors: Xia Xianyu
Published: April 2021

During the construction of the hospital information system, because the medical and health information itself is relatively complex, coupled with the large differences in the business needs of different departments of the hospital, the application of the information system will become more complicated. The increasing demand for information in hospitals and the increasing number of subsystems have had a certain impact on improving the level of information construction in hospitals. Therefore, China needs to strengthen the integrated management of hospital data and information. The use of information system integration platforms to build mobile Internet hospitals can promote the modern development of Chinese hospitals. In the application process of the hospital information system integration platform, relevant staff need to research and analyze the application of the information system integration platform. At the same time, relevant researchers need to explore the actual content of the Internet hospital construction process, improve the level of Internet hospital construction, and promote the long-term development of Chinese hospitals.
Design of fuzzing test tool based on WIA-PA protocol
Authors: Xie Haofei , Wang Zhihui , Yang Deng Xin
Published: April 2021

To solve the problem that the existing fuzzing test tools can not directly test the WIA-PA protocol stack, this paper adds the fuzzing test function of WIA-PA protocol on the basis of the WIA-PA protocol conformance test platform, and integrated it into the conformance test platform in the form of a tool. The essence of fuzzing test for WIA-PA protocol is to test specific functions represented by different command identifiers. The test tool designed in this paper is used to carry out fuzzing test on the WIA-PA protocol stack which has passed the protocol conformance test. The test results show that the test tool designed in this paper has a certain ability of vulnerability detection.
Satellite-to-ground communication decision system based on knowledge graph
Authors: Cai Guojian , Zhang Luyong
Published: April 2021

The knowledge graph relies on the powerful knowledge aggregation ability to bring new space for progress to the satellite-to-ground communication decision-making system, and it performs better in accuracy, debugging, scalability and decoupling. Then, based on the user-based collaborative filtering algorithm, a collaborative filtering algorithm fused with path loss is proposed. Based on the path loss formula for the free propagation of radio waves, the similarity factor is derived, and the similarity calculation formula more in line with satellite-to-ground communication is obtained. Through the simulation results, it can be seen that the improved algorithm has improved accuracy and recall rate, resulting in more satisfactory recommendation results.
Orbital Photogrammetry of Selected Relief Elements with Evidences of Geological Activity in Aitken Crater on the Far Side of the Moon
Authors: Shpekin M I , Salimov R R , Semenov A A
Published: April 2021

Achievements in the field of lunar research over the past 10-15 years have brought a lot of important information about the Moon and its interior. In particular, a high-resolution orbital survey performed from low lunar orbit by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) station has revealed details of the structure of impact craters, which were not even suspected before. For example, rivers and non-frozen lakes of molten lunar soil in the area of Tycho crater. Another impressive example is the glacier-like tongues of lunar rocks flowing from the central peaks of young impact craters. Or the unexpectedly high frequency of meteorite impacts on the lunar surface. Results of this kind can significantly affect future plans for the exploration of the Moon by automatic weapons and expeditions with a crew. They can also make a noticeable contribution to fundamental research. In this work, using a specific example of the Aitken crater, the possibilities of studying the relief in young impact craters based on photogrammetric processing of orbital images of the lunar surface are shown. The problems of a computational nature in the creation of 3D-models of the lunar relief and their referencing to the selenocentric coordinate system are also considered.
Biological Monitoring Experience of a Natural and Anthropogenic Ecosystems Ecological Stability on the «Spasskoye-Lutovinovo» Reserve Territory with Central Forest-Steppe Gray Forest Soils
Authors: Yakovleva E V
Published: April 2021

Presently, a large volume of anthropogenic heavy metals enters the biosphere, a significant part of which is accumulated in the soil. To predict the environmental hazard of heavy metal contamination, it is necessary to know not only the extent of their flow but also the patterns of their behavior in various soil and geochemical conditions. The source of numerous pollutants: dust, poisonous substances, heavy metals, etc., are manufacturing industry dumps, exhaust gases of vehicles, residues of oil products (gas stations), mineral fertilizers, meliorants, pesticides, the effects of heavy agricultural equipment on the density and structure of the soil. Their accumulation in the environment leads to a disruption of ecological equilibrium, which along the chain can spread to sizable territories. Industrial centers are especially marked by soil pollution.
Innovative International Industrial Clusters as a Factor of Developing High-Tech Industry in the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Mozgovoy A I , Krylov A N , Lobachev V V , Kuzina G P , Kovaleva I A
Published: April 2021

The paper continues the authors’ previous research on the development of high-tech industry in the Eurasian Economic Union (Issues Relating to the Hi-Tech Industry in the Eurasian Economic Union), in which the main features, problems, and ways of development of high-tech bionanoindustry have been determined and the further research areas formulated. In this study, the methodical form of solving previously identified bionanoindustry issues is creating innovative international bionanotechnology (industrial) clusters, including the arrangement of foresight centers within them to ensure convergence of technologies and foresight research and projects in the field of bio- and nanotechnology. To achieve the goal set in the study, a conceptual organizational model of an innovative international bionanotechnology cluster of the Eurasian Economic Union has been developed, the need for creating a foresight center as part of innovative international bionanotechnology clusters justified, and guidelines for its formation and estimation of efficiency elaborated. The further research area is improving the state cluster policy to develop high-tech complexes and scientific justification of creating engineering infrastructure within the innovative international bionanotechnology clusters, including the arrangement of engineering centers within them to provide various engineering services to small and medium-sized innovation enterprises forming the cluster, the performance of joint research and development, the acceleration of transferring technologies to large-scale production, and training staff qualified in bio-nano-oriented engineering.
Agro-Industrial Complex of the Arctic of Yakutia: Features of Development and Prospects
Authors: Rodnina N V
Published: April 2021

The Doctrine of Food Security of Russia determines the need for regions to ramp-up production. The ritual food of the nationalities living in the North is predominantly food of animal origin (up to 97% fat and up to 78% protein). Since senile industries are the main source and supplier of animal products in the Arctic, their development determines the food supply of the population not only in the Arctic zone, but also throughout Yakutia. The Arctic has significant natural resources, for this reason it is sometimes considered only from the perspective of obtaining economic benefits. There is another category of scientists who view it as an unspoiled and sensitive area, insisting on the need to limit industrial development in the region. Against the increasing of its geopolitical and economic importance, the underlying problem of the Arctic region development is being formed [1]. The article defines the role of Arctic agro-industrial complex senile industries in the food facility system and the economy of Yakutia. The purpose of the article is to assess the current state of the agro-industrial complex of the Arctic in Yakutia and, on its basis, to develop methodological approaches to address the problem. The relevance of the article is stemmed from the need to increase food self-production level of the region in accordance with the Doctrine of Food Security of Russia, from the position to preserve the agro-industrial complex senile industry of the Arctic in Yakutia and their development. The article novelty is to determine promising measures contributing to the development of the agro-industrial complex senile industry and to orient on increasing food self-production level.
The Improvement on the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Module using Water Cooling
Authors: Bin Wan Abdullah Wan Ariff Fadhil , Ping Chew Sue , Binti Radzuan Razanah Nabila , Binti Mokhtar Anis Shahida Niza
Published: April 2021

This study denotes an effective design for thermal regulating by integrating the water-cooling system on photovoltaic (PV) panel. The efficiency of the PV module will reduce the increasing temperature on the panel. Thus, the focus of this study is to improve the efficiency of the PV module by maintaining a low operating temperature. A modification on the rear part of the PV panel is executed by integrating the water-cooling system by using copper pipe. This study is conducted to compare the effects of the PV panel when it is tested in different circumstances, such as with and without water-cooling system as well as a variation of water flow rates at constant solar irradiance. Comparative analyses are performed by conducting I-V and P-V curve as well as temperature test where both tests take these different conditions into account. The study exhibits that the utilisation of water-cooling system will result to a reduced rear temperature of the PV panel. The efficiency of the PV panel has also experienced an increase of 3% for 300 l/h flow rates compared to the one without water-cooling system. The increase of flow rates of the water-cooling system will reduce the rear temperature of the PV panel. In other words, a more massive reduction of temperature on the PV panel with 16°C is detected when the water-cooling system is utilised up to 300 l/h flow rates in 60 minutes duration at 350 W/m2 solar irradiance.
Recovery of the Solar Irradiance Data using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Ho Kah-Ching , Lim Boon-Han , Lai An-Chow
Published: April 2021

Global solar irradiance (GHI) data plays a major role in the design, performance assessment, and monitoring of a solar energy conversion system. However, data loss happens sometimes due to various reasons. Hence, it is important to recover the lost data. Unfortunately, due to the high cost of measurement devices, other meteorological parameters are often not available to aid the data recovery. Nevertheless, a photovoltaic (PV) system could be installed nearby the site which the output power is recorded. This paper explored the capability of using output power from a PV panel to predict the lost or unavailable GHI data in the past via the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique. 1 day, 10 days, and 30 days of GHI data, time, and output power of a solar panel in July 2020 were used to train three ANN models. The ANN models were then used to predict one day and thirty days GHI data in July 2019 based on the PV output power of that period. The result shows that the ANN model with a higher number of training data can predict the GHI data with lower statistical errors. The results prove that PV output power can be used to recover the unavailable GHI data in the past with acceptable accuracy. This technique is useful for the industry to recover the historical time series of GHI for designing a new renewable energy project or assessing the past performance of a renewable energy project.
Comparative Phosphorus Removal Efficiency from Municipal Wastewater Using Acid Mine Drainage Sludge and Its H2O2 Activated form As Adsorbents
Authors: Yulianto Irene , Moersidik Setyo Sarwanto , Amanda Nova
Published: April 2021

Acid mine drainage (AMD) sludge is by-product from AMD treatment that formed by iron deposition. This sludge has a potential to be used as an active adsorbent to remove phosphate from domestic wastewater. The adsorbent that was used in this research is AMD sludge from PT Bukit Asam Tbk., Tanjung Enim that majorly composed of Si, Fe and Al compound (determined by the XRD test). Phosphate adsorption was done by AMD sludge and MD sludge that was activated by hydrogen peroxide. Activation process by hydrogen peroxide affected the chemical and physic characteristic of sludge and it showed from the results that the concentration of Si, Fe and Al were shifted by 7.33%, 7.03%, and 1.49%, respectively. Meanwhile for the physical characteristic; specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size were shifted by 19.51 m2/g, 0.0635 cm3/g, and 142.694 nm, respectively. Phosphate removal by AMD sludge has a greater result than activated sludge. Adsorption capacity of AMD sludge was well described by Freundlich isotherm model, which is equal to 6.358 mg P/g. Meanwhile, adsorption capacity of activated sludge was well described by Langmuir isotherm model, which is equal to 0.48 mg P/g. Results in this study indicated that the activation process with hydrogen peroxide affects the ability of phosphate adsorption that was showed by the difference of removal percentage.
Why Publishing Now?
Authors: Micir Melanie
Published: April 2021

This essay is a response to the eight essays collected under the title “Literature and Publishing, 1945–2020.” In this response, I consider the timing of such a collection: Why publishing now? Why should we be reimagining literary history through the lens of publishing at this particular moment? I suggest that we can only fully grapple with the relationship between literary studies and publishing in the present moment by attending to the relationship between literary studies and the university. In the midst of twin labor crises inflected and exacerbated by questions of race, class, and gender, we must recognize the parallel conditions of those working in publishing and those working in higher education. This project’s timely interest in the institutions that shape the contemporary literary field—publishers, agencies, distributors, prizes, etc.—comes as our toehold on our own institutions (that is, the endurance and relative autonomy of university literature departments) seems increasingly tenuous.
Utilizing graph machine learning within drug discovery and development
Authors: Gaudelet Thomas , Day Ben , Jamasb Arian R , Soman Jyothish , Regep Cristian , Liu Gertrude , Hayter Jeremy B R , Vickers Richard , Roberts Charles , Tang Jian , Roblin David , Blundell Tom L , Bronstein Michael M , Taylor-King Jake P
Published: April 2021

Graph machine learning (GML) is receiving growing interest within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries for its ability to model biomolecular structures, the functional relationships between them, and integrate multi-omic datasets — amongst other data types. Herein, we present a multidisciplinary academic-industrial review of the topic within the context of drug discovery and development. After introducing key terms and modelling approaches, we move chronologically through the drug development pipeline to identify and summarize work incorporating: target identification, design of small molecules and biologics, and drug repurposing. Whilst the field is still emerging, key milestones including repurposed drugs entering in vivo studies, suggest GML will become a modelling framework of choice within biomedical machine learning.
ProTICS reveals prognostic impact of tumor infiltrating immune cells in different molecular subtypes
Authors: Liu Shuhui , Zhang Yupei , Shang Xuequn , Zhang Zhaolei
Published: April 2021

Different subtypes of the same cancer often show distinct genomic signatures and require targeted treatments. The differences at the cellular and molecular levels of tumor microenvironment in different cancer subtypes have significant effects on tumor pathogenesis and prognostic outcomes. Although there have been significant researches on the prognostic association of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in selected histological subtypes, few investigations have systemically reported the prognostic impacts of immune cells in molecular subtypes, as quantified by machine learning approaches on multi-omics datasets. This paper describes a new computational framework, ProTICS, to quantify the differences in the proportion of immune cells in tumor microenvironment and estimate their prognostic effects in different subtypes. First, we stratified patients into molecular subtypes based on gene expression and methylation profiles by applying nonnegative tensor factorization technique. Then we quantified the proportion of cell types in each specimen using an mRNA-based deconvolution method. For tumors in each subtype, we estimated the prognostic effects of immune cell types by applying Cox proportional hazard regression. At the molecular level, we also predicted the prognosis of signature genes for each subtype. Finally, we benchmarked the performance of ProTICS on three TCGA datasets and another independent METABRIC dataset. ProTICS successfully stratified tumors into different molecular subtypes manifested by distinct overall survival. Furthermore, the different immune cell types showed distinct prognostic patterns with respect to molecular subtypes. This study provides new insights into the prognostic association between immune cells and molecular subtypes, showing the utility of immune cells as potential prognostic markers. Availability: R code is available at https://github.com/liu-shuhui/ProTICS
Outcomes after breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: meta-analysis
Authors: Fancellu A , Houssami N , Sanna V , Porcu A , Ninniri C , Marinovich M L
Published: April 2021

Background

In patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), oncological and survival outcomes based on locoregional treatment are poorly understood. In particular, the safety of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for TNBC has been questioned.

Methods

A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastasis (DM), and overall survival (OS) rates in patients with TNBC who had breast-conserving surgery versus mastectomy. Estimates were pooled in random-effects analysis. The effect of study-level co-variables was assessed by univariable metaregression.

Results

Fourteen studies, including 19 819 patients operated for TNBC met the inclusion criteria; 9828 patients (49.6 per cent) underwent BCS and 9991 (50.4 per cent) had a mastectomy. Patients with smaller tumours were more likely to be selected for BCS (pooled odds ratio (OR) for T1 tumours 1.95, 95 per cent c.i. 1.64 to 2.32; P < 0.001). The pooled OR for LRR was 0.64 (0.48 to 0.85; P = 0.002), indicating a statistically significantly lower odds of LRR among women who had BCS relative to mastectomy. The pooled OR for DM was 0.70 (0.53 to 0.94; P = 0.02), indicating a lower odds of DM among women who had BCS; however, this difference diminished with increasing study-level age and follow-up time. A pooled hazard ratio of 0.78 (0.69 to 0.89; P < 0.001) showed a significantly lower hazard for all-cause mortality among women undergoing BCS versus mastectomy.

Conclusion

These results should be interpreted cautiously owing to likely differences in selection for BCS or mastectomy in the included studies. Patients with TNBC selected for BCS do not, however, have a worse prognosis than those treated with mastectomy, and breast conservation can be offered when feasible clinically.
P10 A systematic review of current literature on interventions among first-year university students and how this may influence current policy on child obesity strategies within the UK
Authors: Priestman Elena
Published: April 2021

Background

With the steady rise of obesity within the UK, the Government has been increasingly developing policy to curb these figures. Great focus has been put on early implementation of a wide range of interventions in educational settings, but results show little improvement.

Aim

To evaluate health interventions amongst first-year university students with the intention of influencing current policy on obesity prevention amongst children.

Methods

A literature search, utilising PRISMA reporting guidelines, was carried out on health intervention studies that focus on first-year university students. To formulate the search strategy, UK obesity policy was input into a PICO Framework.

Results

Eight studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results showed that when measuring weight-related outcomes, no significant improvement was found; secondary outcomes, especially those regarding physical activity demonstrated greater benefit but the link to obesity prevention proved to be relatively weak.

Discussion

Due to differing demographics between where the studies were based as well as cultural differences regarding views on leisure and diet led to lack of applicability to UK students.

Environmental factors between compulsory and higher education must also be considered as it may be a case of creating new strategies rather than re-applying a pre-established policy.

Ultimately, the lack of comparable studies reflects on the lack of understanding of the overall issue of childhood obesity and thusly its prevention.

Conclusion

With evidence-based policy increasing in popularity, it is questionable as to whether the target population for child obesity strategies could widen to include first-year university students.
P12 A systematic review of the reporting of surgical quality assurance and learning curve in robotic oesophagectomy
Authors: Ramirez Jozel , Jones Conor , Sellers Grace , Kiandee Miraen , Abbas Aya , Pathak Samir , Blencowe Natalie ,   on behalf of the ROBO-SURG collaboration
Published: April 2021

Introduction

There is an increasing trend in novel robotic-assisted oesophagectomy in place of standard techniques, potentially due to its perceived technical benefits and improved post-operative outcomes. However, safety and efficacy remain uncertain and little is known about surgeons’ expertise in this complex procedure. This review aims to summarise the reporting of surgeons’ expertise in studies evaluating robotic oesophagectomy.

Method

Systematic searches of OvidSP, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library were conducted using key words for robotic surgery and oesophageal cancer. Searches were limited to human studies published up to February 2020. Studies reporting any type of outcome for robotic oesophagectomy were included. Data on quality assurance measures (e.g. type of centre, surgeons’ experience, study entry criteria) and learning curve assessments were recorded.

Results

Of 954 abstracts screened, 226 full texts were reviewed and 103 included. Two studies were clinical trials. There were 85 (82.5%) single and 6 (5.8%) multi-centred institutions. Forty-four (43%) stated the type centre(s) involved: general (n = 1), specialist (n = 41) or mixed (n = 2). Thirteen (13%) reported centres’ caseload of robotic and non-robotic oesophagectomies within a defined period. Seven described surgeons’ prior experience in robotic oesophagectomy, and 5 described experience in open/laparoscopic surgery. Two stipulated entry criteria for surgeons (training qualification and number of robotic oesophagectomies performed). Eighteen (17%) assessed the learning curve through changes in operating time, complications and conversion rates.

Discussion

There is currently inadequate reporting on surgeons’ expertise in robotic oesophagectomy, making comparisons with standard techniques challenging. This highlights the need for better transparency when reporting surgical innovation, as outlined by the IDEAL framework.
P14 Acute management of traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations during COVID-19: are we meeting published national standards for treatment during the pandemic?
Authors: Donovan Richard L , Abdelmalek Amir , Crowther Mark A A , Packham Iain
Published: April 2021

Background

BESS/BOA Patient Care Pathways provide national guidelines for acute management of traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations with respect to emergency reduction and clinic follow-up. COVID-19 posed challenges in terms of analgesia choice for reductions and altered follow-up arrangements. This study aimed to assess variance from the care pathway.

Methodology

We performed a retrospective case note analysis of all emergency presentations with acute traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations at the MTC in Bristol. We compared 01 Apr to 31 May in 2019 to the same period in 2020 to analyse the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of these injuries. Data parameters collated included examinations and imaging pre- and post-reduction, choice of analgesia, follow-up rates, referral to physiotherapy, and further imaging requested.

Results

We identified 32 patients in 2019, and 24 in 2020. Use of Entonox fell during the pandemic in favour of Penthrox. Use of conscious sedation (requiring full PPE) remained around 20%. Pre- and post-reduction orthogonal radiographs was near 100% in both cohorts. Referral to follow-up was 88% in 2019 but fell to 38% in 2020. Of those assessed in clinic during COVID-19, fewer were mobilised early or referred to outpatient physiotherapy compared to the previous year.

Conclusions

The acute management of anterior shoulder dislocations during the early COVID-19 pandemic faced two main challenges: choice of suitable analgesia whilst minimising AGPs; and limiting access to ’face-to-face’ follow-up to minimise hospital attendances. A key concern was a significant decrease in patient follow-up, thus limiting the access to optimal aftercare such as physiotherapy and further imaging.
P15 Admission avoidance in acute epistaxis: a prospective national audit during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   INTEGRATE (The UK ENT Trainee Research Network)
Published: April 2021

Introduction

In March 2020, UK epistaxis guidelines were issued incorporating major shifts in standard practice, namely the recommended use of dissolvable products and discharge of patients with non-dissolvable packs.

The aim of this audit was to assess patient outcomes following epistaxis care during the initial COVID-19 peak, exploring factors relating to unscheduled re-presentations.

Methods

A UK-wide prospective multicentre national audit was performed over 12-weeks from 6th April 2020 at ENT departments treating adults with epistaxis. The primary outcome was re-presentation within 10-days. Univariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant determinants of the primary outcome measure.

Results

83 centres from all four UK nations submitted 2,631 cases, the majority of which were Emergency Department (ED) referrals (89.7%). ENT clinicians used a dissolvable intranasal product in 34.7% of patients overall (n = 816/2,351), and in 61.1% of those receiving an intranasal product (n = 816/1,336). 54.6% were discharged from the ED following ENT review. The overall re-presentation rate was 19.5% for ED discharges (n = 245/1,259) and 9.9% for ED admissions (n = 104/1,046). 6.8% of ED discharges and 5.7% of ED admissions were admitted following their re-presentations (n = 86 and 60 respectively). Not being packed by ED clinicians, antiplatelet medications, failed cautery and recent epistaxis treatment were predictors of re-presentation within 10-days.

Discussion

Re-presentation data were similar to the 2016 UK Epistaxis Audit, however, there was a notable shift towards alternative packing techniques and reduced admission. This highlights that many patients who would previously have necessitated admission may be safely discharged from ED.