bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of sunitinib in the therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Rusakov I. G. , Gritskevich A. A. , Baitman T. P. , Shipilova A. N. , Mishugin S. V.
Published: July 2020

The standards of treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have changed significantly from unsuccessful attempts of radiation and cytostatic therapy to the encouraging results of targeted therapy and specific immunotherapy. Sunitinib has got into the practice in 2006, and now it`s one of the most studied and approved. Sunitinib is one of the first oral targeted drugs for RCC. It affects such receptors as VEGFR1, 2, 3; PDGFR, FGFR, c-KIT, and RET, which take part in the pathologic angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasizing. Moreover, sunitinib stimulates the growth and development of lymphatic vessels, that deliver immunocytes to the tumor. The advantage of sunitinib over non-specific immunotherapy has been proven by Motzer et al. The randomized trials COMPARZ, RECORD-3, and SWITCH have confirmed that sunitinib is more effective than several targeted drugs (pazopanib, everolimus, and sorafenib respectively) as the first line of treatment for mRCC. The randomized trial of the 3rd phase CARMENA has demonstrated the importance of sunitinib monotherapy for mRCC of intermediate and poor prognosis. In general, sunitinib has been proven to be an effective first-line drug for mRCC, as it`s evidenced in the comprehensive metaanalysis of real-world data and randomized controlled trials published between 2000 and 2017. Nowadays, despite the success of the immunotherapeutic direction, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and particularly sunitinib, rightfully remain the standard for mRCC of favourable prognosis, the treatment option for worse prognosis in case of contraindications for other methods of therapy, and it` s also used in subsequent therapy lines.
Features of nutritional support during stem cell transplantation
Authors: Volchenkov S. A. , Filatova L. V. , Cherkasova E. V. , Koviazin A. K. , Lyubimov S. V. , Zyuzgin I. S. , Semiglazova T. Yu.
Published: July 2020

This article presented a review of the literature on the features of nutritional support for oncohematological patients who have undergone allogeneic (alloHSCT)/autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT). Bone marrow transplantation associated with a high risk of developing nutritional deficiencies. Nutritional support (NP) is indicated for patients undergoing alloHSCT and autoHSCT in order to reduce the incidence of infectious complications and reduce the risk of developing severe forms of acute and chronic GVHD. Currently, there are recommendations for conducting NP in alloHSCT, while there are no recommendations for patients with autoHSCT. An important task in planning NP is the calculation of the daily energy requirement. Bone marrow transplantation accompanied by a prolonged negative nitrogen balance. The protein requirement for alloHSCT is significantly higher than for patients with chemotherapy alone – 1.5–2 g/kg per day. An effective method of controlling the needs of hematological patients during the analysis of HSCT and alloHSCT is the calculation of the nitrogen balance and the daily protein norm. In this article was analyzed the role of macronutrients and immunonutrients in the recovery of patients during alloHSCT. It has been shown that low levels of vitamin D and vitamin A increase the risk of development and the severity of the transplant versus host reaction. The addition of omega-3 fatty acids helps maintain an optimal proportion of calorie intake from lipids, as well as maintain the necessary level of triglycerides in the blood. The article presents data on reducing the risk of developing acute GVHD with systemic addition of omega-3 fatty acids. For a final assessment of the effect of the neutropenic diet on the development of infectious complications in oncohematological patients, randomized prospective multicenter studies with the development of a unified approach in choosing a diet for HSCT are needed.
Biopsychosocial approach in the rehabilitation of patients with operable breast cancer
Authors: Kluge V. A. , Semiglazova T. Yu. , Krivorotko P. V. , Melnikova E. V. , Semiglazov V. V. , Kondrateva K. O. , Nazarova S. G. , Tynkasova M. A. , Kasparov B. S. , Adhamov B. M. , Pesotsky R. S. , Zernov K. Yu. , Kovlen D. V. , Semiglazov V. F. , Belyaev A. V.
Published: July 2020

The relevance: more than 60% of cases are due to early breast cancer (EBC). Priority is the treatment of patients with early breast cancer, provided that the maximum quality of life (QL) is maintained. During or after complex treatment, more than half of patients with EBC report the occurrence of functional disorders that reduce the QL. Aim: to evaluate the event-free survival rate (EFS) of EBC patients undergoing rehabilitation within the framework of a biopsychosocial approach in the course of complex antitumor treatment. Materials and methods: the study involved 228 patients with EBC who received complex treatment from 2015 to 2019. In the prospective part of the study, 114 patients were subjected to rehabilitation measures in the framework of a biopsychosocial approach that considers both biological features of functional restriction and psychosocial disorders, a multidisciplinary team of specialists worked with all patients. In the control group, 114 patients were selected retrospectively and underwent physical and psychological rehabilitation as prescribed by a doctor. Patients of both groups are divided into subgroups depending on the availability of preoperative chemotherapy. Event-free survival was assessed over a 2-year follow-up period. Events were accepted as censored events: relapse, metastases, the occurrence of another cancer, a new concomitant disease, an exacerbation of concomitant pathology, and death. Results: Rehabilitation measures within the framework of the biopsychosocial model improve the indicators of EFS in patients with EBC. The use of a biopsychosocial approach in rehabilitation increased EFS by 3.8 months. The results of multivariate analysis, reducing the risk of occurrence of the event EBC patients undergoing rehabilitation within the framework of the biopsychosocial approach in the presence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 28%, in patients of younger age group (25–44 years) was 29%, in patients in menopause – 25%.
The possibilities of using xenon therapy in patients with severe cancer pain
Authors: Sarmanayeva R. R. , Abuzarova G. R. , Bychkova N. M. , Khoronenko V. E. , Kuznetcov S. V.
Published: July 2020

In accordance with the clinical recommendations of the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the main analgesics for the treatment of chronic cancer pain are non-opioid and opioid analgesics, given stepwise in combination with co-analgesics and adjuvant drugs. As a rule, this stepwise scheme of painkilling is effective in most cases. However, 20-30% of patients cannot achieve an acceptable level of pain relief despite the use of these analgesics in combination. Is there another way to help such patients? Interventional methods of analgesia are an option, yet not all patients agree to invasive methods due to the possible side effects and unavailability of these methods. In these cases other mechanisms of analgesia are required, such as NMDA receptor antagonists, which reduce opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia. Still not all the drugs of this group can be applied in our practice. Analgesic properties of nitrous oxide can only be found in high anesthetic doses. Another option is metadon, but it is forbidden and cannot be used in our country. Still one more option is ketamine, which has severe side effects. In our clinical practice we decided to use xenon, which has NMDA inhibition effects. Its analgesic effect and safety have been confirmed in numerous studies. This publication aims to demonstrate a successful clinical case when we used xenon and oxygen inhalations course for the treatment of a severe cancer pain with a patient who had been taking morphine by mouth.
Clinical aspects of the use of ribociclib
Authors: Markovich A. A. , Kalugin M. V. , Gordeeva O. О. , Yakoobova M. Zh.
Published: July 2020

Luminal metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer remains one of the most common cancers in oncological practice. This disease still remains incurable. Endocrine therapy remained the standard therapy of choice for disseminated patients for a long time. The search for new effective drugs, development of strategies that can overcome primary and secondary resistance to endocrinotherapy has shown that the CDK4/6-inhibitors group can improve not only the short-term treatment outcomes, but also affect the overall survival of patients, which has been demonstrated in a number of phase III studies. Along with that, the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors maintains a good quality of life, allows patients to maintain professional and social activities, which is of great importance for long-term prospects. Given that the endocrine therapy combined with CDK4/6-inhibitors today is the new standard of therapy in patients with luminal HER2- negative breast cancer, knowing how to use this therapy in daily clinical practice is crucial. Know and apply innovative drugs in clinical practice and the management of regimen toxicity always my work demands close application. This article provides an overview of the data on the efficacy of ribociclib based on phase III registration studies. It also presents its own clinical experience demonstrating the feasibility of using a new group of drugs in patients both in pre- and postmenopausal women. The authors discussed the issues related to the modification of the regimen due to the toxicity of therapy, in particular, neutropenia and hepatotoxicity. They also showed the possibility of managing adverse events with the preservation of a long-term effect with no loss in quality of life.
PARP inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. Experience of treatment with talazoparib in clinical practice
Authors: Frolova M. A. , Glazkova E. V. , Stenina M. B.
Published: July 2020

Germline BRCA1/2 mutations account for about 10% of all breast cancer. BRCA1/2 proteins are involved in homologous recombination - DNA double-strand break repair mechanism. Poly-(ADP ribose) polymerases (PARP) are required to repair DNA single-strand breaks through base excision repair. PARP inhibitors represent a modern option of treatment of metastatic HER2 negative breast cancer with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. Mechanism of action of PARP inhibitors is based on the concept of synthetic lethality under conditions of BRCA dysfunction, when both DNA repair mechanisms, homologous recombination and base excision repair, are impaired. This leads to the apoptosis of cancer cells. Currently two PARP inhibitors are registered in Russia for the treatment of BRCA-associated metastatic HER2 negative breast cancer – olaparib and talazoparib. Efficacy of PARP inhibitors olaparib and talazoparib versus standard chemotherapy has been studied in very similarly designed phase III trials OlympiAD и EMBRACA. Benefit in the progression free survival, acceptable toxicity profile and positive impact on quality of life support inclusion of PARP inhibitors in treatment schemes of metastatic BRCAassociated breast cancer. Very important is the role of PARP inhibitors in treatment of very aggressive triple negative breast cancer with limited number of effective therapy options. We represent here a clinical case of treatment of metastatic triple negative breast cancer with talazoparib in 4th line of therapy.
Is the extension of adjuvant hormone therapy for breast cancer justified?
Authors: Semiglazov V. F. , Apollonova V. S.
Published: July 2020

In practice, all patients with ER (+) primary breast cancer should conduct adjuvant hormone therapy to suppress the growth of tumors stimulated by estrogens. Five-year tamoxifen treatment reduces breast cancer mortality for 30%, and aromatase inhibitors (for postmenopausal women) reduces it by up to 40%. After five years, long-term relapses still occurred, the risk of which can be reduced by the expansion of adjuvant hormone therapy for more than 5 years. At the population level, the treatment can show relatively moderate and sometimes toxic effects; therefore, it is extremely important for modern clinical practice to identify patients with risk of relapse within the first five years small enough for the therapy to be safely canceled for this period, as well as patients with a risk of relapse high enough to justify a longer treatment. Currently, little data is available from clinical trials regarding the second problem. Recent EBCTCG studies have consistently shown a risk of relapse within 5–20 years in all patient groups. However, the risk varies greatly depending on the size of the tumor and the status of the lymph nodes. The tumor grade (G) and the proliferation index (Ki67), supplementing the information on the TN stage, demonstrate a high degree of correlation between each other. The only patients who have a relatively low frequency of long-term recurrence (which allows them to be assigned to a very low risk group) are patients with a low tumor grade pT1N0. Prognostic molecular signatures have been proven to be clinically useful (in addition to clinical and morphological characteristics) in identifying patients with an extremely low risk of relapse who can safely avoid chemotherapy. In clinical trials of adjuvant hormone therapy with a long follow-up period (up to 20 years), a delayed (over five years) recurrence of estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer was noted. Based on these observations, a number of researchers offer longer hormone therapy (exceeding the five-year standard).
Avelumab for the treatment of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Orlova K. V. , Petenko N. N. , Nazarova V. V. , Demidov L. V.
Published: July 2020

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive skin tumor that is difficult to treat even at early stages. Treatment approaches for advanced disease are limited and standard chemotherapy provides short-lived disease control in half of patients without significant impact on the overall survival. The new immunotherapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors allows to improve clinical outcomes of this disease. Avelumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal anti- PD-L1 antibody that blocks the interaction between programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells and programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1) on T cells, thereby elimination immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Avelumab provides disease control in 43,2% of the patients with metastatic/locally advanced unresectable Merkel cell carcinoma for the second and subsequent lines treatment with the objective response rate (ORR) 33%. The response was ongoing for ≥ 6 months in 86% of patient with median duration of response 40,5 months. Responses occurred irrespectively of PD-L1 expression and presence of polyomavirus in tumor cells (MCPyV), 3-year overall survival rate reached 32%. Avelumab is more effective for the first line of treatment, providing the disease control in 78,6% the patients with ORR 71,5% lasting for ≥ 6 months. Treatment is well tolerated for the first, second and subsequent lines, demonstrating the adequate safety profile. The most common adverse events were fatigue, diarrhea and nausea. There were 7 patients in Russia treated with avelumab for metastatic/locally advanced unresectable Merkel cell carcinoma.
SOCIEDADE CIVIL E SOCIEDADE POLÍTICA NA FORMAÇÃO STRICTO SENSU DE PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: CORRELAÇÕES DE FORÇAS
Authors: Oliveira Dayse Kelly Barreiros de , Lagar Fabiana Margarita Gomes
Published: July 2020

O artigo busca compreender, com base no pensamento de Antonio Gramsci, a relação e as contradições existentes entre sociedade civil e sociedade política no que se refere ao entendimento da pós-graduação stricto sensu como possibilidade de formação continuada de professores da educação básica. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisa bibliográfica, para a exploração de conceitos gramscianos que auxiliem na compreensão do objeto, e entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes de entidades/instituições ligadas à formação de professores e à pós-graduação. Desse modo, observa-se que há conflitos entre os dois polos da superestrutura, pois os mecanismos que representam a sociedade política entendem que a formação continuada no nível stricto sensu precisa caminhar na direção pragmatista e num formato flexível, a distância. Por outro lado, as entidades da sociedade civil, representativas da formação, entendem que tal formação precisa ser estruturada como política, com condições concretas, rigor teórico, científico e metodológico, independente do formato, o que garante a práxis. Tais manifestações permitem concluir que não há unidade entre sociedade civil e sociedade política quanto à formação docente na educação básica, o que provoca políticas públicas fragmentadas e descontínuas.
Expression, Solubilization, Refolding and Final Purification of Recombinant Proteins as Expressed in the form of “Classical Inclusion Bodies” in E. coli
Authors: Hashemzadeh Mohammad Sadegh , Mohammadi Mozafar , Ghaleh Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin , Sharti Mojtaba , Choopani Ali , Panda Amulya Kumar
Published: July 2020

Escherichia coli has been most widely used for production of the recombinant proteins.
Over-expression of the recombinant proteins is the mainspring of the inclusion bodies formation.
The refolding of these proteins into bioactive forms is cumbersome and partly time-consuming. In
the present study, we reviewed and discussed most issues regarding the recovery of “classical inclusion
bodies” by focusing on our previous experiences. Performing proper methods of expression,
solubilization, refolding and final purification of these proteins, would make it possible to recover
higher amounts of proteins into the native form with appropriate conformation. Generally, providing
mild conditions and proper refolding buffers, would lead to recover more than 40% of inclusion
bodies into bioactive and native conformation.
Development and Validation of a Five-immune Gene Pair Signature in Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Li Nan , Yu Kai , Lin Zhong , Zeng Dingyuan
Published: July 2020

Background:

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological malignancy
worldwide. Immunity is closely related to the occurrence and prognosis of EC. At the same time,
immune-related genes have great potential as prognostic markers in many types of cancer.

Objective:

Therefore, we attempt to develop immune-related gene markers to enhance prognosis
prediction of EC.

Methods:

542 samples of EC gene expression data and clinical follow-up information were
downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The samples were randomly divided into
two groups, one group as a training set (N=271), and one set as a validation set. (N=271). In the
training set, the gene pairs were established based on the relative expression levels of 271 immune
genes, and the prognosis-related gene pairs were screened. The lasso was used to select the
features, and finally, the robust biomarkers were screened. Finally, the prognostic model of the
immune gene pair was established and verified by the validation data set.

Results:

10030 immune gene pair (IRGPs) were obtained, and univariate survival analysis was
used to identify 1809 prognostic-related IRGPs (p<0.05). 5-IRGPs were obtained by lasso
regression feature selection, and multivariate regression was used to establish 5-IRGPs signature,
5-IRGPs signature is an independent prognostic factor for EC patients, and could be risk stratified
in patients with TCGA datasets, age, ethnicity, stage, and histological classification (p#60;0.05). The
mean AUC of survival in both the training set and the validation set was greater than 0.7,
indicating that 5-IRGPs signature has superior classification performance in patients with EC. In
addition, 5-IRGPs have the highest average C index (0.795) compared to the prognostic
characteristics of the three endometrial cancers reported in the past and Stage and Age.

Conclusion:

This study constructed a 5-IRGPs signature as a novel prognostic marker for
predicting survival in patients with EC.
Dietary Antioxidants Significantly Reduced Phorbol Myristate Acetate Induced Oxidative Stress of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Chetia Purbajit , Khandelwal Bidita , Haldar Pallab Kanti , Bala Asis
Published: July 2020

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease responsible for maximum
human morbidity in modern life, whereas oxidative stress is the ultimate potential biomarker
for determining disease activity in patients with RA.

Objective:

The present study scientifically validated the effectiveness of antioxidants commonly
present in different food supplements to neutralize the free radicals mediated oxidative stress in isolated
peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBML) of patients with RA.

Methods:

The study population included patients with Rheumatoid arthritis, RA (n =15), who fulfilled
the American College of Rheumatology criteria for RA. Peripheral blood was collected, and
isolated mononuclear lymphocyte cells (PBML) were pretreated with phorbol myristate acetate
(PMS) and furthermore, incubated with different concentrations of Naringenin, β carotene and Nacetyl
cysteine (NAC) in an ex vivo condition. The resultant cell lysate was used for further studies
for the determination of other oxidative biomarkers. The increase of superoxide and nitric oxide
production was observed when PBML was treated PMS.

Results:

Importantly, the increased oxidative stress was effectively decreased by the selected plantderived
compounds β-carotene and naringenin.

Conclusion:

The study scientifically evaluated the efficacy of the molecules validated by one-way
ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test of significance. Collectively, our results indicate that
both β carotene and naringenin may be a promising non-toxic food supplement in attenuating the
oxidative stress associated pathology in RA, meriting further pharmacological studies on other inflammatory
cells like neutrophils.
X-Ray Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Clinical Comparison
Authors: Gariani Karim , Lebowitz Dan , Kressmann Benjamin , Gariani Joanna , Uçkay Ilker
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Radiographic imaging is an important diagnostic tool in diabetic foot osteomyelitis
(DFO). It is unknown whether DFO cases diagnosed with conventional X-ray versus positive Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI) differ regarding epidemiology and treatment outcome. Theoretically,
signs of inflammation on MRI without bone lesions might be easier to treat.

Methods:

Our clinical pathway for diabetic foot infections discourages the use of MRI for the diagnosis
of DFO. We compared the epidemiology and therapy of non-amputated DFO with positive features on
conventional X-ray, MRI, or both. Radiology specialists interpreted the images. The intraoperative aspect
of bone during amputation and the results of bone cultures were considered the gold standard for
DFO diagnosis.

Results:

We prospectively followed 390 DFO episodes in 186 adult patients for a median of 2.9 years
and performed 318 conventional X-rays (median costs 100 Swiss Francs; 100 US$) and 47 (47/390;
12%) MRI scans (median 800 Swiss Francs; 800 US $). Among them, 18 episodes were associated with
positive MRI findings but lacked bone lesions on X-ray. After debridement, the median duration of systemic
antibiotics was 28 days for MRI-only episodes and 30 days for X-ray-positive cases (Wilcoxonranksum-
test; p=0.26). The corresponding median numbers of surgical debridements were 1 and 1; and
recurrence was witnessed in 25% and 28%, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis,
MRI-only episodes did not alter the remission rate (odds ratio 0.5, 95%CI 0.1-5.2).

Conclusions:

According to our clinical pathway, DFO episodes with positive MRI findings only did not
differ epidemiologically from the remaining DFO cases and did not influence the choice of therapy nor
remission rate.
Photocatalytic Inactivation of Bioaerosols: A Short Review on Emerging Technologies
Authors: Riaz Nadia , Khan Muhammad Saqib , Bilal Muhammad , Ullah Sami , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Formation of the microbial colonies in the wet and damp environment
affects the indoor air quality thus posing severe threats to human health. Health problems or Building-
associated illness (any disease or infection) caused by being in a closed space or building are
generally separated into two categories including building-related illness (BRI) and sick building
syndrome (SBS). Considered by Pathognomy research, that biological pollutants or bioaerosols (bacteria,
fungi and viruses like coronavirus), are the significant inducement for “sick building syndrome
(SBS)” associated with a group of mucosal, skin, and general symptoms, characterized by tiredness;
headaches; irritation of skin, nose, eyes, throat and mucous membranes, most prevalent in buildings
like residential and occupational like offices, schools, hotels and hospitals.

Methods:

Currently outdoor air purging, UV light activated air filters, chemical treatment like ozonation
and oxidation, are used for the improvement of indoor air quality but these treatment techniques
not only produce secondary biological pollutants but are also costly and not effective for a variety of
microorganisms. In recent years, nanomaterials in the area of heterogeneous photocatalysis have
gained much attention because of their enhanced physicochemical properties including particle size,
surface area, dopant dispersion and interaction with the support (Titanium).

Results:

Heterogeneous photocatalysis systems have been reported to produce self-cleaning materials
and to solve a range of environmental problems like air and water detoxification. Among various
heterogeneous photocatalysts, TiO2 gained much attention due to its non-toxic nature, high stability,
excellent photocatalytic ability, self-cleaning and antibacterial properties and most of all low cost and
commercial availability. It is among the basic materials being used in various commercial products
like as white pigment in paints for building coating. The antibacterial properties are associated with
the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of a light source.

Conclusion:

Some of the reported TiO2 nanomaterials-based air-filters and building coatings are reported
with the major drawbacks like lower surface area, inactivation in the absence of light (dark)
and activation only under UV light irradiation. Thus, the requirement for cost effective, safer and energy
efficient materials is the need of the day.
Potato Starch-sodium Alginate-Zr (IV) Phosphate Bio-nanocomposite Ion
Exchanger: Synthesis, Characterization and Environmental Application
Authors: War Jahangir Ahmad , Chisti Hamida- Tun-Nisa
Published: July 2020

Background:

The introduction of inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix (with multiplicity in functionalization)
augments the specific properties of such materials. One such method employed here, which is environmental friendly and
facile is the sol-gel synthesis

Objective:

The nanocomposite synthesized by the above mentioned method was primarily utilized for ion-exchange
applications in general and cation exchange in particular. The ZrP based nanocomposite (PS/AG/ZrP) has been examined
(as a photocatalyst) for the elimination of toxic cationic dye, methylene blue (Mb) from the wastewater by the mechanism
of photodegradation. This study provides the experimental evidence and discussion of the different physicochemical
characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposite

Method:

Herein, we synthesized zirconium phosphate (ZrP)-linked-potato starch/sodium alginate nanocomposite ion
exchanger (PS/AG/ZrP) employing facile sol-gel method. Highly sophisticated techniques like FTIR, TGA, SEM, TEM,
XRD & UV-Vis were subjected to characterize the PS/AG/ZrP nanocomposite

Results:

The ion exchange (IE) results show that the nanocomposite ion exchanger (PS/AG/ZrP-6) exhibited higher IEC
(2.1meq/g) and thermal stability as conferred from IEC and TGA studies. Using UV-Vis irradiation, photocatalytic results
revealed that 74.5% of Mb dye was degraded by novel nanocomposite (PS/AG/ZrP) within 50 minutes.

Conclusion:

The results discussed reveal that the nanocomposite (PS/AG/ZrP-6) is a potential candidate for ion exchange
applications vis-à-vis a photocatalyst for the remediation of wastewater as the time demands. The nanocomposite
(PS/AG/ZrP-6) successfully characterized through various techniques and utilized as a potential ion exchanger and a
photocatalyst for the dye degradation (MB) under UV-Vis irradiation
Identification of KEY lncRNAs and mRNAs Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression
Authors: Li Ju , Zhang Congcong , Shi Yang , Li Qing , Li Na , Mi Yong
Published: July 2020

Background:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been the sixth most common
cancer worldwide. Emerging studies showed long non-coding RNAs to play a key role in human
cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of OSCC
remained to be further explored.

Objective:

The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in
OSCC.

Methods:

GSE30784 was analyzed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in
OSCC. Protein-protein interaction network and co-expression network analyses were performed to
reveal the potential roles of OSCC related mRNAs and lncRNAs.

Results:

In the present study, we identified 21 up-regulated lncRNAs and 54 down-regulated
lncRNAs in OSCC progression. Next, we constructed a lncRNA related co-expression network in
OSCC, which included 692 mRNAs and 2193 edges. Bioinformatics analysis showed that
lncRNAs were widely co-expressed with regulating type I interferon signaling pathway,
extracellular matrix organization, collagen catabolic process, immune response, ECM-receptor
interaction, Focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. A key network, including lncRNA
C5orf66-AS1, C21orf15, LOC100506098, PCBP1-AS1, LOC284825, OR7E14P, HCG22, and
FLG-AS1, was found to be involved in the regulation of immune response to tumor cell, Golgi
calcium ion transport, negative regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway, and glycerol-
3-phosphate catabolic process. Moreover, we found higher expressions of CYP4F29P, PCBP1-
AS1, HCG22, and C5orf66-AS1, which were associated with shorter overall survival time in
OSCC samples.

Conclusions:

Our analysis can provide novel insights to explore the potential mechanisms
underlying OSCC progression.
Application of Chemometrics-assisted HPLC-DAD Strategies for Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Pseudoephedrine HCl, Dextromethorphan HBr, Doxylamine Succinate and Saccharin in Syrup Formulation
Authors: Dinç-Zor Şule , Dönmez Özlem Aksu , Bozdoğan Abdürrezzak E.
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

This study introduces an effective strategy, which combines high performance
liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) with multivariate calibration
methods for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PAR), pseudoephedrine HCl (PSE), dextromethorphan
HBr (DEX) and doxylamine succinate (DOX) along with sweetener saccharin (SAC) in
syrup formulation.

Methods:

PLS-2 and PCR calibration algorithms were selected for data processing. Based on the strategy,
all target analytes were rapidly quantified within 5.3 min under the simple isocratic elution (water:
methanol, 20/80, v/v) without a complete separation. The performances of the proposed methods were
confirmed by analyzing a series of synthetic solutions including different concentrations of analytes.

Results:

The average recovery values were in the range of 100.33 to 103.70%, and the REP (relative
error of prediction) values ranged from 1.96 to 4.36% showed that these methods could provide satisfactory
predictions.

Conclusion:

Novel HPLC methods coupled with PLS and PCR algorithm enable a simple, fast and
low-cost analysis of similar pharmaceutical products for simultaneous determination of the target compounds.
The Promise of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by COVID-19
Authors: Gu Jundong , Zhao Qinjun , Han Zhibo , Han Zhongchao
Published: July 2020

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since Dec
2019, known as COVID-19 or 19-nCoV, has led to a major concern of the potential for not only an
epidemic but a pandemic in China and now it seems to be a public health problem all over the world.
The general mortality rate of the COVID-19 was about 3%. However, the mortality risk seems to be a
significant increase in elderly and cases with chronic disease, who are more likely to develop into acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There still lacks effective methods for ARDS of COVID-19
patients and the prognosis was poor. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) based treatment has the advantage
of targeting numerous pathophysiological components of ARDS by secreting a series of cell factors,
exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, and proangiogenic
effects, resulting in significant structural and functional recovery following ARDS in various preclinical
models. Recently, pilot clinical studies indicated MSCs based therapy was promise in treatment of
ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, little is known about MSCs therapy for ARDS caused by
COVID-19.
Current Trends on Hemopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Okeke Chinwe , Silas Ufele , Okeke Chinedu , Chikwendu Chiedozie
Published: July 2020

Advances in single-cell technology and genetic mouse models have resulted in the identification
of new types of hemopoietic stem cells (HSC), resulting in baffling observations, suggesting a
reconsideration of the long-held notion that all hematopoietic cells in the adult are derived from HSCs.
The existence of long-lived HSC-independent hematopoiesis has led to the conclusion that despite the
single hierarchical differentiation route that generates functional blood types, other differentiation
routes exist in-vivo. Heterogeneity in the HSC population and the evolving knowledge around HSC has
translated to it’s improved application as a therapeutic tool for various blood disorders. The reprogramming
of non-hematopoietic somatic and mature blood cells to pluripotency with their subsequent
differentiation into hematopoietic stem cells/progenitor cells and the introduction of new generation
sequencing holds the potential for the resolution of ambiguities involved in HSC bone marrow transplantation.
There is a change in the paradigm for HSC transplantation donor selection. Donor choice
favors haploidentical HCT than cord blood. This review provides a general overview of the current
events around hemopoietic stem cells, with emphasis on the rising trend of HSC transplantation, especially
haploidentical stem cell transplantation.
Influence of Nitrogen Application and Drip Irrigation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Yield of Cardoon Crop (Cynara cardunculus L.)
Authors: Barracosa Paulo , Antunes Manuela , Marques Francisco , Pinto António , Oliveira Jorge , Trindade Henrique , Pereira José L. S.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Cardoon is a multi-purpose crop with a wide spectrum of potential applications.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of nitrogen (N) application and drip irrigation practices on emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) and morphological characterization and biomass production of cardoon crop.

Methods:

The experiment was run under field conditions from April to August 2018. The field experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications and four treatments: (i) non-amended soil as control (CONTR); (ii) mineral N fertilizer and non-irrigated (NITRO); (iii) non-fertilized and drip irrigation (IRRIG); and (iv) mineral N fertilizer and drip irrigation by fertigation (FERTI). The fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 were measured by the closed chamber technique and the morphological characteristics and yield of cardoon plants were evaluated per treatment.

Results:

Results showed that the N2O emissions and global warming potential were not significantly different among the application of mineral N fertilizer itself or by drip fertigation with an emission rate of 0.5% of N applied and -6,8 t CO2-eq. ha-1. The characteristics related to biomass production did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between amended treatments although numerically higher in IRRIG treatment.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that the application of mineral N fertilizer itself or drip fertigation had no significant effect on N2O emissions and global warming potential. Additionally, the plant growth, including biomass production, increased due to drip irrigation, but not significantly.
Nursing-Based Guidelines for Caregivers regarding Adult Patients with Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Authors: Elsaid Hussein Eman Sobhy , Mohamed Abu Negm Lobna Mohamed
Published: July 2020

Background:

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) may cause complications when the management is inadequate and inappropriate. To avoid these complications, caregivers’ experiences and practices must be considered.

Study Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nursing- based guidelines on caregivers’ knowledge and practices regarding adult patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

Methods:

A quasi-experimental design was used. The study was conducted in the medical and surgical departments in the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt. Sample: The sample consisted of 30 patients with PEG and their caregivers. A Structured interviewing questionnaire, Self-Administered Structured Questionnaire for caregiver, Caregiver Performance observation checklist, and PEG-specific questionnaire were obtained for data collection

Results:

The majority of studied patients (86.7%) were suffering from oncologic problems, in post-test and following up, the majority (83.3%) of caregivers had satisfactory level (76.7) (90%) (70%) in knowledge, complication and management of PEG, respectively. During follow up, the majority (73.3%) (90%) of caregivers were well level as regarding nutritional management and care of PEG. There were statistically significant differences between pre/post and follow-up nursing-based guidelines for caregivers’ knowledge and practice regarding patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. The results show an improvement in the patients outcomes and the level of caregiver coping with the care of PEG and overall Patient satisfaction at (χ2 = 3.844, 4.097) p<0.001

Conclusion:

Nursing-based guidelines were helpful in the improvement of the caregiver's knowledge and practice regarding percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

Recommendations

Periodic educational training programs regarding PEG were based on the best practice guidelines for caregivers of those patients.
Application of Molybdenum ZSM-5 for Catalytic Oxidation of Wastewater Containing Methylene Blue
Authors: Ghosal Debarpita , Achary D. Kissan , Nayak Sandil , Kumar Bikash
Published: July 2020

Background:

A vital section of water pollution mostly comes from the dying industry,
which contaminates the water bodies by discharging the effluents into them. Naturally, it is
carcinogenic as it contains harmful chemicals and minerals. To prevent this , many researchers have
studied the issue and came to an inference that Methylene blue should be removed from wastewater.
Many researchers and scientists proposed that Zeolite with little modifications could be one of the
feasible options for catalytic oxidation of dyes in wastewater. Our focus is mostly based on
Molybdenum impregnated H-ZSM-5 to catalytically oxidize methylene blue present in wastewater.

Objective:

This method examined the Catalytic oxidation of wastewater containing Methylene Blue by
the application of Mo-ZSM-5.

Methods:

Raw H-ZSM-5 was activated and impregnated with previously prepared MoCl5 and allowed
to dry and calcine at the required temperature. The product was characterized by Scanning Electron
Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and BET Surface Area Analyser methods.
Catalytic oxidation reactions were carried out at room temperature using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant.
The effect of each parameter was investigated vividly.

Results:

From the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy method, it was observed that the percentage
for Molybdenum over H-ZSM-5 was 9%. Surface area analysis suggested that the value for the surface
area of unimpregnated H-ZSM-5 was 511 m2/g for 5% impregnation and 307 m2/g for 10% metal
impregnation. A sharp decrease in the surface area was observed. Scanning Electron Microscopy
images depict that the crystalline structure of raw H-ZSM-5 would not be damaged due to metal
impregnation. Its shape and size were unaltered. In the images, the porous surface was observed.

Conclusion:

Zeolites are an important catalyst in active phases for acidic/basic/redox catalysed
reactions. Its activity and selectivity affected by the crystalline structure as well as morphological
properties. Molybdenum impregnated H-ZSM-5 catalyst is best popularly known for its shape
selectivity property. It promotes faster decomposition of H2O2 to non-reactive O2, which shows poor
oxidation activity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Amine Impregnated Silica Aerogel from Rice Husk for CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Rani Noor H.A. , Mohammad Nor F. , Jamaludin Sharifah I.S. , Teo Nurul F.M.K. , Sah Nur S.M. , Jalil Mohd J.
Published: July 2020

Objective::

Rice husk has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its
chemical components that are beneficial for a wide range of applications. In this paper, silica
aerogel from Rice Husk Ash (RHA) was prepared through sol-gel processing and ambient
pressure drying.

Methods::

The silica RHA was extracted with sodium hydroxide solution to produce sodium
silicate solution and neutralized with sulphuric acid to form silica gel. Then, the silica aerogel
was further modified with an amine, 3-(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), because
amine groups provide specific adsorption sides for CO2 adsorption. The functional group,
surface morphology, and elemental composition of rice husk, silica aerogel, and modified
silica aerogel were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning
Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and Elemental Analysis (EA).

Results::

For amine-modified silica aerogel, it was found that the sample consists of N-H
band at a certain peak. FTIR and SEM analysis revealed that the synthesized silica aerogel
has fibrous morphology and indicates a similar trend with previous researches. The aminemodified
silica aerogel (AMSA) is able to adsorb 0.88 mol CO2/kg AMSA.

Concluson::

This study shows that the rice husk silica aerogel modified with APTES could
enhance the CO2 adsorption performance due to the physisorption and chemisorption.
Correlation between Antibiotic Consumption and Hand Hygiene Compliance Among Anesthesia and Intensive Care Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Santoro Emanuela , Fiore Marco , Leone Sebastiano , Masucci Armando , Manente Roberta , Guida Marco , Libralato Giovanni , Russo Michela , Di Onofrio Valeria , Capunzo Mario , Boccia Giovanni
Published: July 2020

Aims:

The aim of this study was to investigate the correct use of gloves and alcohol-based products for hand hygiene and identify opportunities for hand hygiene replacement with gloves among healthcare professionals working in the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care of a tertiary care University Hospital.

Background:

Two centuries have passed since the discovery of Semmelweis that the “puerperal fever” was due to an infection transmitted by the hands. Currently the hand hygiene is still not well performed, rather it is often replaced by the improper use of gloves. Microbial transmission is estimated to occur in one-fifth of all contact cases.

Objective:

To investigate the correct use of gloves and alcohol-based products for hand hygiene and identify opportunities for hand hygiene replacement with gloves among healthcare professionals. Furthermore, to correlate the consumption data of the hydroalcoholic solution and the amount of antibiotics used for the treatment of hospital-acquired infections.

Method:

The study was conducted over six months period (from January to June 2018); during this period, 20 monitoring sessions were performed. The following indicators were evaluated: a) Non-adherence to hand hygiene with concomitant use of gloves; b) Adhesion to alcoholic friction of hands; c) Hand-washing adhesion. Instead, the consumption data, provided by the hospital ward itself, were used for the evaluation of d) The antibiotics used in the treatment of hospital-acquired infections; e) The hydro-alcoholic solution used by the healthcare professionals for hand hygiene.

Results:

The frequency of non-adherence to hand hygiene was very high at the beginning of the study, subsequently it decreased to about a half percent to that at the initial stage. The adhesion to alcoholic friction of hands increased during the study period. Otherwise, the hand-washing adhesion slightly reduced, especially in March probably due to the recruitment of new inadequately trained nursing staff. The trend of antibiotic consumption was similar to handwashing. The consumption of hydro-alcoholic solution was very low, however over time, it increased considerably until the end of the study.

Conclusion:

In light of the findings from this work, it is necessary to make the hospital staff increasingly aware of the correct practice of hand hygiene and to organize training and informative sessions to promote the health of the individual and the community.
Off Label Medication to Combat COVID-19: Review Results to Date
Authors: Neupane Netra P. , Das Aman K. , Singh Anuj Kumar , Verma Amita
Published: July 2020

Background:

Severe viral pneumonia cases were observed in the people of Wuhan, China in
December 2019. It has already affected almost every country around the globe and was declared a pandemic
by the World Health Organization. We aim to evaluate the therapeutics and safety of various off
label COVID-19 drugs.

Methods:

PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Centre for Disease control and prevention
(CDC) portal, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and prevention (CCDC) portal, World Health
Organization (WHO) portal were searched for obtaining reliable data.

Result:

COVID-19 is creating a storm of deaths and active cases globally, which is forcing the pharmaceutical
companies and scientists to work day and night to find an effective and safer anti-COVID-19
medication. Various in vitro and clinical trials had been performed as well as are currently ongoing to
analyze the mechanisms and therapeutics of off label medications like Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine,
Amodiaquine, Azithromycin, Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Ritonavir/Lopinavir, Umifenovir, Oseltamivir,
Ribavirin, Nafamostat, Camostat, Tocilizumab, Ivermectin, Nitazoxanide, Famotidine, Vitamin
D, Corticosteroids and Dexamethasone. In vitro studies were performed by utilizing Vero E6 cells and
hSLAM cells while open/closed, randomized/non-randomized, single-centered/multi-centered and retrospective
clinical trials and case studies were organized to determine their safety and efficacy.

Conclusion:

Although these drugs have shown promising results against COVID-19 patients, it cannot
be concluded that these drugs are truly safe and effective because there are no conclusive evidence to
support the facts since only limited researches and studies had been investigated.