bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety evaluation of the food enzyme triacylglycerol lipase from the non‐genetically modified Penicillium caseifulvum strain AE‐LRF
Authors:   EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP), Lambré Claude , Barat Baviera José Manuel , Bolognesi Claudia , Cocconcelli Pier Sandro , Crebelli Riccardo , Gott David Michael , Grob Konrad , Lampi Evgenia , Mengelers Marcel , Mortensen Alicja , Rivière Gilles , Steffensen Inger‐Lise , Tlustos Christina , Van Loveren Henk , Vernis Laurence , Zorn Holger , Glandorf Boet , Herman Lieve , Roos Yrjö , Aguilera Jaime , Andryskiewicz Magdalena , Cavanna Daniele , Kovalkovičová Natália , Liu Yi , de Sousa Rita Ferreira , Chesson Andrew
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The food enzyme triacylglycerol lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase; EC 3.1.1.3) is produced with the non‐genetically modified Penicillium caseifulvum strain AE‐LRF by Amano Enzyme Inc. The food enzyme was free from viable cells of the production organism. It is intended to be used in four food manufacturing processes. Dietary exposure to the food enzyme–total organic solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 0.013 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. Genotoxicity tests did not indicate a safety concern. The systemic toxicity was assessed by means of a repeated dose 90‐day oral toxicity study in rats. The Panel identified a no observed adverse effect level of 69 mg TOS/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested, which when compared with the estimated dietary exposure, resulted in a margin of exposure of at least 5308. A search for the similarity of the amino acid sequence of the food enzyme to known allergens was made and no match was found. However, the Panel noted that traces of ■■■■■, used in the manufacture of the triacylglycerol lipase, may be found in the food enzyme. The Panel considered that the risk of allergic reactions upon dietary exposure could not be excluded, particularly in individuals sensitised to fish. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns, under the intended conditions of use.
ASSESSING THE RISKS OF THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ARMED CONFLICTS FOR THE CIVILIAN POPULATION
Authors: Shoshin Serguei , Naumov Dmitry
Published: July 2024

The article examines the problems of the military use of civilian digital technologies, characterizes international experts' assessments of the practice of using digital technologies in armed conflicts for the civilian population and recommendations for minimizing harm for this category, and identifies problematic aspects of the practical implementation of these recommendations.
The authors proposed current trajectories for searching and assessing the factors of various risky situations associated with the use of information technical resources. Proposals have been formulated for the Russian legislator at the federal level for the further development of this area of public relations.
El plato de la buena alimentación (agroecoalimentación) saludable de las familias cafetaleras de Chiapas ante el COVID-19: una mirada ecofeminista
Authors: Trujillo Gómez Alejandra Guadalupe
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo visibiliza el trabajo productivo-reproductivo de un grupo organizado de mujeres cafetaleras de Chiapas con la teoría del ecofeminismo constructivista a través de un plato de la buena alimentación de tres sistemas productivos: huerto, milpa y cafetal en un contexto de pandemia por el virus COVID-19, de escasez de alimentos y del impacto en la salud de los productos procesados con la obesidad y diabetes. La investigación es de tipo cualitativa se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas, talleres participativos mediante la etnografía feminista. El consumo de alimentos locales contribuyó a reforzar el sistema inmune de las familias y por ende la salud comunitaria pues resultaron ilesas ante dicho virus, las mujeres estuvieron a cargo del cuidado de la vida en tiempos de crisis.
Propiedades mecánicas del acero AISI 4140 tratado térmicamente y nitrurado por plasma
Authors: Solis Romero José , Valdés Ramírez Jesús , Gómez Vargas Oscar A. , Rodríguez Molina Alejandro , Jacinto García Eduardo
Published: July 2024

En el presente trabajo se investigó el acero AISI 4140 con tratamiento térmico previo a la aplicación del proceso tecnológico de nitruración por plasma con respecto a su respuesta microestructural, y microdureza, a fin de verificar la posibilidad de mejora de sus características funcionales superficiales. Se realiza un tratamiento térmico de normalizado, temple/revenido y posterior nitrurado por plasma con diferentes tiempos de exposición a los gases y diferentes temperaturas. La evaluación microestructural es por medio de microscopía óptica y difracción de rayos X. Se empleó la microdureza Vickers para la evaluación mecánica.
Cáncer testicular
Authors: González-Rodríguez Karla , Martínez-Martínez Fernanda M. , López-Alberto Samuel
Published: July 2024

El cáncer testicular es una condición que, aunque puede resultar alarmante, conlleva altas tasas de curación si se detecta a tiempo y se trata de manera adecuada. Este tipo de cáncer afecta principalmente a hombres jóvenes, pero es importante resaltar que el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz puede hacer una gran diferencia en el seguimiento de la enfermedad. La autoexploración testicular regular es fundamental para la detección temprana de posibles anomalías. A menudo, un bulto inusual en uno de los testículos, dolor persistente en la zona o presentar alteraciones en el tamaño o incluso la forma del testículo pueden ser señales de alerta de la presencia de cáncer. Es por eso que la educación sobre la importancia de conocer y monitorear la propia salud reproductiva esencial en la lucha contra esta enfermedad.
Caracterización eléctrica del Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 obtenido por molienda de alta energía
Authors: Betancourt-Cantera Luis Gerardo , Bolarín-Miró Ana María , Sánchez-De-Jesús Félix , Cortés-Escobedo Claudia Alicia , Rosales-González Omar
Published: July 2024

El bismuto sodio titanato (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) es un cerámico que ha captado la atención en los últimos años debido a sus propiedades piezoeléctricas y su composición libre de plomo. Estas características lo han posicionado como alternativa para sustituir materiales piezoeléctricos basados en plomo, los cuales son altamente contaminantes. En este trabajo se analizan las propiedades eléctricas, dieléctricas y estructurales del potencial piezoeléctrico Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, el cual fue obtenido por molienda de alta energía durante 5 h y sinterizado a baja temperatura (900°C). Los resultados obtenidos por difracción de rayos X confirman la obtención del compuesto monofásico Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 con estructura rombohedral. En tanto, las propiedades dieléctricas exhiben valores de permitividad (465 a 419) altamente estables a altas frecuencias con bajas perdidas dieléctricas. Las curvas de polarización eléctrica denotan un comportamiento característico de un ferroeléctrico duro, con un campo coercitivo significativamente grande de 50 kV/cm y una polarización de saturación de 25.7 µC/cm2.
Fermentación alcohólica de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) por Kluyveromyces marxianus
Authors: Sosa-Aguirre Carlos Rubén , Campos-García Jesús , Mejia-Barajas Jorge Arturo , García-Hernández David , Santiago-Barajas Cynthia Isabel
Published: July 2024

La guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) es una fruta tropical con una elevada producción mundial; sin embargo, es altamente perecedera. Previamente se ha reportado su fermentación alcohólica con levaduras de la especie Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sin existir antecedentes con levaduras de otras especies como Kluyveromyces marxianus. En este trabajo se llevo a cabo la fermentación alcohólica de guayaba utilizando la levadura K. marxianus UMPe-1, comparando los resultados con los obtenidos de la levadura S. cerevisiae Ethanol Red®. En el producto de la fermentación con la levadura UMPe-1, se registraron 4.30 g/100 mL de etanol, 0.08 g/100 mL de metanol, y 0.26 g/100 mL de azúcares residuales; mientras que en el producto de la fermentación con la levadura Ethanol Red® se detectaron 0.44 g/100 mL de etanol, 0.06 g/100 mL de metanol y 6.5 g/100 mL de azúcares residuales. Para nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer trabajo en el que se lleva a cabo la fermentación alcohólica de guayaba utilizando una cepa K. marxianus, en el cual se demuestra una mayor eficiencia fermentativa respecto a S. cerevisiae.
Resumen Estándares de la atención en Diabetes 2023
Authors: Ramírez Delgado Buenaventura
Published: July 2024

La Asociación Americana de la Diabetes por sus siglas en inglés American Diabetes Asociation (ADA) es la principal organización independiente y sin fines de lucro de salud de los Estados Unidos de América que lucha para frenar la epidemia actual de diabetes y ayudar al personal de salud encargado de esta tarea a brindar las pautas principales en el tratamiento de este padecimiento a través de los estándares de cuidado en diabetes que liberan cada año.
Discriminación
Authors: Lara Rodriguez Diego Alberto
Published: July 2024

La discriminación es uno de los principales problemas cotidianos que podemos apreciar en nuestra Sociedad este problema puede afectar a todas las personas sin importar la edad, principalmente las personas que usan o promueven la discriminación violenta los derechos e igualdad a la persona que sufre la violencia es por ello que debemos promover el respeto e igualdad de todos sin importar color de piel, religión, estatus social o económica y preferencia sexual.
Violencia Familiar
Authors: Lara Rodriguez Diego Alberto
Published: July 2024

La violencia familiar es un problema social que afecta a varias familias en nuestra sociedad, esta violencia la vemos cotidianamente ya se de manera directa o a través del entorno de la sociedad que nos rodea en este caso mencionar que algún conocido, amigo, familiar e incluso dentro de nuestro hogar podemos experimental en algunas ocasiones este problema social.
Borderline Personality Disorder: Review of the Effectiveness of Evidence-Based Therapeutic Interventions.
Authors: Serna Guerrero J. Gabriel
Published: July 2024

Borderline personality disorder is a complex and heterogeneous disorder, characterized by instability in the regulation of emotions and alterations in interpersonal relationships and self-image. Studies conducted in recent years have assessed the efficacy of various psychotherapeutic strategies for the reduction of specific symptoms and the treatment of the disorder itself. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of evidence-based psychotherapies that have been shown to be effective in the treatment of BPD. The scientific evidence allows us to realize that psychotherapies that have a more structured design and operability have a more significant efficacy both in achieving an improvement of the particular symptomatology and the general nosological picture of BPD. Differences are found in the interventions according to the factors in which each one has greater impact, this can contribute to make informed decisions on the choice of treatments based on the specific interest of each researcher or the needs of each case, achieving a broader and more functional vision of the disorder mostly patient-centered. An analysis is made of the evidence-based interventions that have been specifically designed for the treatment of BPD, as well as a review of the comparative efficacy of some of them, and finally, studies showing the neuropsychological correlates of the application of some of the treatments are included.
Música Nacional de México del S.XX. Grupo de los Cuatro
Authors: Arellano Aguilera Diego Armando
Published: July 2024

El grupo de los cuatro es un tema fundamental cuando del nacionalismo musical se refiere, supone las bases para la comprensión del desarrollo de la música nacionalista mexicana, desde el análisis histórico, biográfico y sociocultural  del grupo de los cuatro.
En el análisis del grupo de los cuatro el alumno logrará analizar la vida y composiciones de estos cuatro compositores de manera teórica pero también auditiva. Logrando reconocer asi sus máximas aportaciones a la música nacionalista mexicana.
Corrientes y movimientos literarios
Authors: Cortes Najera Ma. del Rosario
Published: July 2024

Las corrientes y movimientos literarios son las distintas tendencias conceptuales y estéticas que definen la historia de la escritura, compuesto por un conjunto de escritores y obras con características comunes; las dos disciplinas que se encargan del estudio crítico de la historia de la literatura y su clasificación, son la Historia de la literatura y la Crítica literaria, las cuales analizan el acumulado de obras literarias creadas por la humanidad, tomando en cuenta diversos criterios como su estructura, contenido, tipo de lenguaje, estilo, temática intención, categorías estéticas y el contexto histórico.
Observación y fusión de protoplastos en hojas de tres especies vegetales: Maíz (Zea mays), Lechuga (Lactuca sativa) y Acelga (Beta vulgaris)
Authors: Romero-Oliva Oscar Jesús
Published: July 2024

Introducción: Los protoplastos son unidades celulares vitales en la biotecnología vegetal, ya que pueden regenerar la pared celular y formar colonias. La fusión de protoplastos implica la unión de membranas celulares de distintas células, es una técnica importante en la biotecnología vegetal. Materiales y métodos: Se aislaron los protoplastos de hojas de maíz, lechuga y acelga mediante plasmólisis celular y posteriormente digestión enzimática de las paredes celulares. Se controló la presión osmótica y el pH durante este proceso. Finalmente, se indujo la fusión de protoplastos mediante la manipulación de la carga electroquímica del ADN. Resultados: Se observaron diversas etapas de reducción de la pared celular en las hojas utilizadas, lo que facilitó la liberación de protoplastos en diferentes grados. Estos resultados demuestran la eficacia del método para obtener una variedad de protoplastos. Conclusión: Los protoplastos son útiles en la introducción de moléculas como proteínas y ADN en células vegetales. Su capacidad de fusión y regeneración los convierte en herramientas valiosas en la ingeniería genética y la biotecnología.
Uso de las TIC Uso de las TIC en educación media superior
Authors: Guerra Hernández Idalid , Benítez Vargas Belem
Published: July 2024

En la actualidad las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación  (TIC) han evolucionado tanto que hasta en educación media superior ha influido constantemente. 
La autora Chicaiza (2018), en su tesis menciona a Brescó y Noemí en la cual dice que las TIC favorecen la construcción colaborativa de conocimientos donde los estudiantes dan forma a procesos sólidos de aprendizaje significativo mediante el intercambio de información y de acuerdos entre los compañeros.
Características del Reino Vegetal
Authors: Alvarado Almaraz Esteban Jacob
Published: July 2024

El reino vegetal también denominado reino  plantae, es un término aplicado a todos aquellos seres vivos pluricelulares que crecer en la tierra y que absorben de ésta sus nutrientes, otro aspecto que caracteriza al reino plantae, es que producen fotosíntesis, son organismos autótrofos y su composición interna se compone principalmente de clorofila que es lo que le da su coloración verde.
Modelos Pedagógicos y Teorías de Aprendizaje en la Educación a Distancia
Authors: Santana Tavera Karina
Published: July 2024

La implementación de un modelo educativo a distancia clasifica las teorías de aprendizaje en tres modelos los heteroestructurantes, los autoestructurantes y los dialogantes.Dicha clasificación divide las teorías de aprendizaje de la siguiente manera: los modelos heteroestructurales se basan en el conductismo, el conexionismo y el CIP (Cognitive information processing). Por su parte el modelo autoestructural aplica las teorías cognitivas constructivistas, constructivistas sociales y la modificabilidad cognitiva estructural, por último, las Interestructurante o dialogantes buscan establecer una conexión entre el docente y el estudiante mediante redes de aprendizaje y el conectivismo.
Biomorfos: mecanismo integrador del origen de la vida
Authors: Cuéllar Cruz Mayra , Zúñiga Estrada Marcelino Antonio , Zúñiga Estrada Erick Alfredo , Moreno Abel
Published: July 2024

Life is the result of a complex network of chemical reactions and molecular interactions that arose on Earth once primitive minerals were able to self-assemble in a way that allowed them to self-reproduce and evolve. However, exactly how, where and when life first appeared on our planet is still unknown. In this article, we review various theories of geochemical evidence associated with the origin of life, which provide a fundamental, although often rudimentary, view of the emergence of early life on planet Earth.
Cambio o continuidad en la política social de la Cuarta Transformación en México: de la focalización a la cobertura universal
Authors: Cruz Badillo Israel , Lugo Nería Bernabé , Fernández Fernández Gerogina Lorena , Barrón Calva. Edwin Gualberto
Published: July 2024

El objetivo de este documento es iniciar el estudio sobre los cambios y las continuidades de la política social de la Cuarta Transformación en México haciendo énfasis en los programas sociales desde un enfoque incluyente, universalista. La hipótesis de investigación precisa que la transición de una política social focalizada a una de cobertura universal implica un incremento en el gasto público orientado en programas sociales de transferencias monetarias. La metodología propuesta para comprobar la hipótesis es utilizar una técnica de investigación documental con el propósito de conocer la trayectoria y la evaluación del gasto público en la política social en México del 2012 al 2020. Los resultados son la elaboración de tres tablas referentes al presupuesto de Sedesol y Bienestar, al gasto corriente y al gasto de inversión del 2012 al 2020. Las conclusiones refieren que parte de nuestra hipótesis se comprueba al evidenciar una disminución del Gasto Corriente en la partida del Gasto Operativo en el 2019, así como en el Gasto de Inversión, en ambas partidas, de la política social de Bienestar.
Aplicación de un PDCA en el área de envasado para la reutilización de subproductos en una destiladora del estado de Morelos.
Authors: Palacios-Talavera Emmanuel , Higareda Pliego Tomás Emmanuel , Arana-Llanes Julia Y. , Palacios-Talavera Eduardo
Published: July 2024

En este artículo se propone la nueva metodología PDCA (Planificar, Hacer, Verificar, Actuar) para mejorar el proceso de reciclado de subproductos para una destiladora de agave ubicada en el estado de Morelos, México. La destilación de agave genera desafíos en la gestión de subproductos ( unicel, cartón, botellas de vidrio, tapón de vidrio, plástico para el proceso de embotellado , cinchos de plástico, filtros, separadores de cartón, botellas de plástico, tapón de corcho, cinta fleje, pegamento, esquineros de cartón, bolsas de plástico, material para el personal, láminas de seguros, hojas de celulosa de papel), y la metodología PDCA ha sido empleada de manera sistemática dentro del área de envasado de la empresa aplicando un enfoque específico en la integración de una aplicación móvil para facilitar la gestión eficiente de estos subproductos. La combinación de la metodología PDCA y la tecnología móvil busca optimizar los recursos y reducir el impacto ambiental, promoviendo prácticas sostenibles en la industria destiladora. Durante la fase de Planificación, se identificaron problemas en el área de producción en las actividades que realizaban, detectando que no se lleva una buena clasificación de residuos, por lo cual esta investigación permitió establecer metas que apoyen a realizar una buena clasificación de estos subproductos; para la fase de Acción, se propusieron e implementaron acciones como la mejora en la recolección de los subproductos y la capacitación del personal para realizarlo. La verificación implicó la monitorización y comparación de datos, y la fase de Actuación incluyó ajustes continuos basados en retroalimentación. Los resultados obtenidos indican una gestión eficiente de subproductos, reducción de desperdicios y contribuciones al desarrollo sostenible, ofreciendo una guía para empresas similares enfrentadas a desafíos de gestión de subproductos.
Arquitectura tecnológica para la implementación de un sistema ERP basado en la nube (Odoo ERP) para la gestión de la cadena de suministros en una microempresa en el Estado de Morelos
Authors: Andrea Malpica Michell Guadalupe , Ontiveros Hernández Norma J. , Higareda Pliego Tomás E. , Peña Ramírez Jesús A. , Espinoza Salgado Sócrates , Arana Llanes Julia Y.
Published: July 2024

En este artículo se plantea y describe una arquitectura tecnológica que ayude para la implementación del sistema Odoo ERP, basándose principalmente en el modelo de servicio de la nube, Infraestructura como Servicio (IaaS), aunado al uso de contenedores (contenedores como Servicio), utilizando la plataforma de Docker, así como las herramientas que esta plataforma provee para la gestión de aplicaciones. Se espera que el sistema ayude al manejo y seguimiento de las actividades realizadas en cada etapa del ciclo de cultivo del gusano de la harina. La correcta gestión en la cadena de suministros es importante por la naturaleza de la producción, procesamiento y distribución de estos productos.
Börülce (Vigna unguiculata L.)’de fosfor ve bor uygulamalarının verim ve verim ögeleri üzerine etkileri
Authors: Yılmaz Nuri , Elmas Yunus
Published: July 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırma, 2021 yılında Ordu İli Ünye İlçesinde çiftçi koşullarında börülce (Vigna unguiculata L.) bitkisinde farklı dozlarda fosfor ve bor uygulamalarının verim ve bazı verim ögeleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Deneme Tesadüf bloklarında faktöriyel düzenlemeye göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada bitki materyali olarak Amazon börülce çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Fosfor dozları 0, 4, 6, 8 kg/da P2O5, bor dozları ise 0-150-300-600 g/da olarak uygulanmıştır. Deneme Mayıs ayında kurulmuştur.
Araştırma Bulguları: Araştırma sonucunda bitki boyu 78.23-123.03 cm, bitkide bakla sayısı 16.66-23.33 adet, baklada tane sayısı 9.33-12.44 adet, 1000 tane ağırlığı 170.83-199.16 g, dekara tane verimi 106.19-152.26 kg, biyolojik verim 514.43-868.76 kg/da olarak belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ele alınan özelliklerde deneme faktörleri bakımından uygulamalar arasında istatistiksel olarak çok önemli derecede (P
Nohutta (Cicer arietinum L.) Fosfor ve Çinko Uygulamalarının Verim ve Verim Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Çirka Mustafa , Kulaz Haluk , Baran İshak
Published: July 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Van deneme ve uygulama alanında kuru şartlarda yazlık yetiştirme sezonunda nohut bitkisinde fosfor ve çinko uygulamalarının, verim ve verim öğeleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışma, 2015-2016 yılları arasında kuru şartlarda yazlık yetiştirme sezonunda Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi deneme ve uygulama alanında yürütülmüştür. Deneme, tesadüf bloklarında faktöriyel deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olacak şeklide kurulmuştur. Çalışmada fosfor dozları TSP formunda 3 doz (0, 4, 8 kg da-1) ve çinko, %8’lik Zn kileyt formunda 4 doz (0, 100, 200, 300 ml 100-1) olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada bitki boyu (cm), ilk bakla yüksekliği (cm), dal sayısı (adet bitki-1), tane sayısı (adet bitki-1), hasat indeksi (%), 100 tane ağırlığı (g), protein oranı (%), biyolojik verim (kg da-1), tane verimi (kg da-1) gibi parametreler incelenmiştir.
Araştırma Bulguları: Denemede iki yılın ortalama değerleri bakımından fosfor ve çinko dozlarının bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, dal sayısı, bitkide bakla sayısı ve tane sayısı üzerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemsiz görülmüştür (P>0.05). Hasat indeksi, Biyolojik verim, 100 tane ağırlığı ve tane verimi gibi parametreler ise istatistiksel olarak önemli görülmüştür (p
Aktif Yeşil Alanların Yeni Yaşam Düzenindeki Yerine Kentli Yaklaşımı
Authors: Alp Muhibe Aslı , Eminel Kutay Merve , Atabeyoğlu Ömer
Published: July 2024

Amaç: Küresel pandeminin yarattığı bilinmezlik ve endişe dünya çapında acil ve katı tedbirler alınmasını gerekli kılmıştır. Toplumsal boyutu nedeniyle alışık olunan yaşam düzeninin yerini kısıtlamalar almıştır. İnsanların alışık olmadıkları şekilde kısıtlandıkları bu şartlar altında beden ve ruh sağlığını korumak önemli olmuştur. Beden ve ruh sağlığını korumak, onu geliştirmek için en değerli varlık doğadır. Doğanın kentlerdeki yansıması ise yeşil alanlardır. Bu dönemdeki kısıtlamalar yeşil alanlarda da uygulanmıştır. Öte yandan bu kısıtlamalar, yeşil alanların kentlilerin yaşamlarındaki önemini daha güçlü göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada; İstanbul’da yaşayan insanların, Kovid-19 “pandemisi öncesi”, yoğun tedbirlerin uygulandığı “tam kapanma süreci”, kısıtlamaların kalktığı "normalleşme süreci" ve “günümüz” aktif yeşil alan kullanımına ilişkin değerlendirmeleri tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Böylece pandeminin kısıtlı şartları ile pandeminin üzerinden uzun bir süre geçip, kısıtlanma psikolojisi ve tedirginlikler atlatıldıktan sonrası arasında insanların algı değişimi tespit edilebilmiştir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışma alanı olarak Türkiye’nin en kalabalık kenti İstanbul seçilmiştir. Çalışmada standart anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Anketler, “Google Form” platformu üzerinden çevrimiçi olarak hazırlanmış ve hazırlanan anketlerin kullanıcılara dağıtımı çeşitli sosyal ağlar (Instagram ve Facebook) ve iletişim kanalları (WhatsApp ve E-posta) üzerinden kartopu yaklaşımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yanıtlar, anonim olarak kabul edilmiştir. Anket, toplamda 20 sorudan oluşmuş olup bu sorular 6 kategoride hazırlanmıştır.
Araştırma Bulguları: Araştırmaya göre; aktif yeşil alanlarda yürüyüş yapılabilmesi her dönemde en çok önemsenen aktivite olmuştur.
Günümüzde bu alanlara yakın olmak ve açık alanda olabilmek önemli görülmüştür. Sosyal mesafe önemlidir fakat katılımcılara göre; sosyalleşmeye engel oluşturmamaktadır. Katılımcılar pandemi sürecinde açık yeşil alanda vakit geçirmeyi özlediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Katılımcıların çoğu, pandeminin tekrarlanması halinde açık yeşil alanların kapatılmaması gerektiğini ifade etmiştir.
Sonuç: Kovid-19 pandemisi, yaşattığı tüm olumsuzluklara rağmen; kent yöneticileri için kentli ihtiyaçlarını yeniden değerlendirmek noktasında fırsattır. Bu çalışmanın kentlilerin beklenti, istek ve değerlendirmelerini derlemek ve analiz etmek yolu ile kent yöneticilerine yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Effect of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Leaf and Seed Extracts Prepared Using Different Solvents on Root-Knot Nematode
Authors: Göze Özdemir Fatma Gül
Published: July 2024

Objective: The nematicidal effect of milk thistle leaves and seeds prepared with different solvents on Meloidogyne incognita was investigated.
Materials and Methods: Acetone, ethanol and distilled water were used. The in vitro was carried out in 6 cm petri dishes. The extractions were studied with 500 and 1000 μg/ml (ppm). The in vitro and pot experiments designed random plots with 5 replications for each extraction, solvent and concentration. Four hundred second stage juvenile larvae (J2) were used as inoculum and dead individuals were counted after 48 hours. Five days after transplantation, nematode inoculation was carried out with 500 J2 per pot. After 24 hours, 30 ml of the solution was applied to the soil at 1000 ppm concentration. The experiment was terminated for 50 days. Then, gall and egg mass counts were made.
Results: In vitro, the mortality rate at 1000 ppm was found to be similar in acetone (78.0%) and ethanol (80.8%) solvents in leaf extraction, while the highest was detected in ethanol (94.0%) in the seed extract. In distilled water solvent, 68.0% mortality was determined in the leaf extract and 62.2% mortality in the seed extract. There was no statistically significant difference between the leaf and seed extracts in number of galls and egg masses. No statistical difference could be determined between the solvents in the number of egg masses in seed extraction. While the number of galls in the leaf extract was found to be higher than in acetone (8.8 unit/root) and ethanol (8.0 unit/root) in distilled water (18.0 unit/root) and the difference between them was found to be significant, no statistically significant difference in the number of egg mass between the solvents.
Conclusion: It was observed that all solvents of the leaf and seed extract suppressed galls and egg masses by more than 80% compared to the control.
Bal Arılarının (Apis mellifera) Şeker Tüketimi, Sağkalım Oranı ve Nosema ceranae Duyarlılığı Üzerine Coumaphos ve Lityum Klorür Maruziyetinin Etkileri
Authors: Okuyan Samet , Aktürk Salim , Kaşko Arıcı Yeliz , Akdeniz Gökhan , Solmaz Serhat , Alparslan Süleyman , Sansar Saffet , Gül Aziz , Kandemir İrfan
Published: July 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Varrao kontrolünde kullanılan coumaphos ve lityum klorür maruziyetinin bal arısı işçilerinin (Apis mellifera) yaşam süresi, sukroz tüketimi ve Nosema ceranae duyarlılığı üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmektir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu araştırmada, üç Kafkas bal arısı kolonisinden alınan iki çerçeve kapalı yavrulu çıta, %80 bağıl nem ve 35°C sıcaklıkta inkübe edildi. Petek gözünden çıkan işçi arılar deneysel kafeslere her bir kafeste 50 arı olacak şekilde dolduruldu. Ad libitum şeker şurubu ve polen ile beslendi. Arılar kontrol, coumaphos'a maruz kalanlar, lityum klorüre maruz kalanlar, ve acetona (coumaphos'un çözücüsü) maruz kalanlar; bu dört gruba ek olarak, aynı grupların N. ceranae sporları ile enfekte edilmiş olanları olmak üzere sekiz gruba ayrıldı. Şeker şurubu tüketimi ve ölüm oranları günlük olarak kaydedildi, N. ceranae spor sayımları deneme sonunda yapıldı.
Araştırma Bulguları: Gruplar arasındaki ölüm oranları ve sukroz solüsyonu tüketimi arası farklılıkların istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı (p>0.05) belirlenmiştir. Nosema spor sayımı bakımından ise; lityum klorür, lityum klorür Nosema ve coumaphos grubu istatistiki olarak diğer gruplardan önemli ölçüde daha az Nosema sporuna sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir (p
Bazı Salvia L. Türlerine Ait Mikroyeşillerin Biyokimyasal ve Besin Elementi İçeriklerinin Araştırılması
Authors: Tunçtürk Rüveyde , Yolcu Muhammed Said , Tunçtürk Murat , Şelem Ezelhan , Nohutçu Lütfi
Published: July 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Salvia türlerinin bazı biyokimyasal parametreleri ile makro besin elementi içeriklerini tespit etmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Konu ile ilgili daha önceden yapılmış bir çalışmanın olmaması, ilk olma özelliği taşıması bu çalışmaya ayrı bir özgün değer katmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, literatüre katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, materyal olarak Salvia hispanica L. (Chia), Salvia sclarea (Misk adaçayı), Salvia dichroantha Stapf. (Kutnu), Salvia officinalis L. (Tıbbi adaçayı), Salvia microstegia Boiss. & Bal. (Yağlambaç) ve Salvia verticulata ssp. verticulata (Dadırak) türlerinin mikrofiliz olarak değerlendirilme potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Ticari bir şirketten temin edilen steril torf, hindistan cevizi kabuğu (cocopeat) ve perlit karışımından oluşan büyüme ortamı 500 cc’lik plastik şalelerin içerisine konulmuş hafif bastırıldıktan sonra tohum ekimleri yapılmıştır. Tohumların üzeri tohum çapının 2 katı olacak şekilde toprak ile kapatılmış ve spreyleme şeklinde sulama yapılmıştır. Deneme, Tesadüf Parselleri Deneme Deseni’ ne göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak düzenlenmiş ve tam kontrollü iklim kabinine 16/8, aydınlık/ karanlık periyotta kalacak şekilde yerleştirilmiştir.
Araştırma Bulguları: Çalışma sonucunda; en yüksek toplam klorofil içeriği (23.61 µg/g TA), Salvia hispanica türünden, toplam antioksidan aktivite kapasite (285.8 µmol TE/g), flavonoid madde (16.62 mg QE/100g) ve askorbik asit miktarı (63.85 mg LAA/100g) Salvia dichroantha Stapf. türünden, fenolik madde miktarı (210.3 mg GAE/ g) Salvia sclarea türünden elde edilmiştir. Makro besinler bakımından en yüksek Ca, Mg ve Na birikimi Salvia sclarea, en fazla K birikimi Salvia dichroantha Stapf. türünden elde edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile incelenen Salvia türlerinin mikroyeşillik olarak tüketilebilme potansiyelleri ortaya konulmuş polifenoller bakımdan zengin içeriğe sahip olan adaçayına obsiyonel bir tüketim alanı kazandırılmıştır.
THE ROLE OF IMMUNOMODULATORY THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH YEAR-ROUND ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Authors: Trukhan D. , Bagisheva N. , Nesterova K. , Mordyk A. , Alekseenko V. , Moiseeva M. , Kalashnikova N. , Neshcheretneva V.
Published: July 2024

Objective. To assess the effectiveness and safety of the combined medicine interferon alpha-2b + loratadine (Grippferon® with loratadine, nasal ointment) for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in patients with year-round allergic rhinitis. Materials and Methods. A total of 154 patients were included in the study and divided into four groups: group 1A patients (n=37) received the combined medicine interferon alpha-2b + loratadine (Grippferon® with loratadine) 5 times a day for 7 days for the ARVI treatment; in group 2A (n=41) standard therapy was carried out in accordance with the clinical guidelines for the ARVI treatment in adult patients (2021). Group 1B (n=38) patients used the combined medicine interferon alpha-2b + loratadine once a day for 7 days for the ARVI prevention; in group 2B patients (n=38) ARVI prevention was not conducted. There were 75 (48.7%) men and 79 (51.3%) women, aged 22-45 years. Results. During treatment with the combined medicine interferon alpha-2b + loratadine in group 1A patients there was a significant decrease in respiratory manifestations (such as nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, sneezing) by comparing with group 2A patients. Rhinocytogram analysis results showed that the use of the combined medicine interferon alpha-2b + loratadine contributed to the reduction in the intensity and severity of inflammatory (leukocyte count) and allergic (eosinophils) responses. In group 1B patients, who received the medicine interferon alpha-2b + loratadine for the ARVI prevention, we noted that during three observation months 3 times less patients got acute respiratory infections by comparing with group 2B patients. Conclusion. The received study results demonstrate that the use of topical medicine interferon alpha-2b + loratadine in patients with concomitant acute respiratory viral infections and year-round allergic rhinitis shortens the ARVI treatment period. The preventive use of the given medicine allows us to reduce the number of ARVI in patients with year-round allergic rhinitis.
Elementos sistêmicos compósitos a base de materiais de reuso e reciclagem
Authors: OBATA SASQUIA HIZURU , CONVERSANI ANA CLAUDIA , VIGAR ANDRÉ , ABRAHÃO BEATRIZ , BIS BEATRIZ , OLIVEIRA DALTON LUCAS DE , GALHARDO JOÃO PEDRO , SABA LUCAS , SIMÕES LUCAS , GUILLÉN MATHEUS , GEHRES MARIA CLARA , LOPES TIAGO
Published: July 2024

Esta publicação apresenta duas propostas estudantis para a construção civil, com foco na sustentabilidade, reuso de materiais e desmaterialização As propostas foram desenvolvidas por alunos de graduação em arquitetura e urbanismo, visam atender às demandas por soluções ecologicamente corretas e socialmente responsáveis para problemas como a precariedade da infraestrutura urbana e a falta de conforto térmico em habitações.
O capítulo 1 corresponde a Proposta UM traz um painel Isolante Acústico e Térmico de Esponja de Poliuretano Reutilizada que procurou trazer o problema do descarte inadequado de esponjas de poliuretano através da reutilização de esponjas para produção de placas isolantes acústicas e térmicas.
O capítulo 2 se refere a proposta de um Frame Sustentável para ventilação natural que cria a solução de um quadro de ventilação natural
feito a partir de sobras de perfis de alumínio para atender a falta de ventilação adequada em habitações precárias.
O livro busca demonstrar o potencial criativo e do engajamento dos alunos na busca por soluções inovadoras e sustentáveis para os desafios da construção civil.
Apesar de ainda em fase de desenvolvimento, as duas propostas apresentam resultados promissores e podem contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas e a preservação do meio ambiente. Tais projetos são o primeiro desbravar o mundo de soluções e como há muito o que fazer para positivar os indicadores ESG E ODS - ação de catalisar a transformação da materialidade sustentável.
Esta publicação, mesmo que singela, traz conceitos da desmaterialização e seus roteiros, além de demonstrar o protagonismo de alunos que foram sensibilizados a praticar a transformação e que assim possa divulgar novas formas acadêmicas e divulgar os benefícios das propostas
que se iniciam por vieses acadêmicos
PROPOSTA UM :TASP
Authors: CONVERSANI ANA CLAUDIA , VIGAR ANDRÉ , ABRAHÃO BEATRIZ , BIS BEATRIZ , OLIVEIRA DALTON LUCAS DE , GALHARDO JOÃO PEDRO
Published: July 2024

Apresenta a proposta de um painel para isolamento acústico e térmico com a aplicação de esponjas de poliuretano reutilizadas
Considerou-se como material base proveniente do descarte inadequado de esponjas de poliuretano, material presente em diversos produtos domésticos que gera um impacto ambiental significativo Tendo como base que o destino do material base é para aterros e que a decomposição natural leva cerca de 100 anos, implicando em processo que gera poluição do solo e dos oceanos Como a reciclagem tradicional do material é onerosa e pode gerar riscos à saúde a proposta apresentada a seguir consiste na reutilização de esponjas de poliuretano para a produção de placas isolantes acústicas e térmicas
O grupo evoluiu a proposta a partir das características e propriedade físicas das esponjas de poliuretano que possuem
características que as tornam ideais para o isolamento acústico e térmico.
Estimating the Minimum Possible Deceleration of Cosmic Expansion Post-inflation
Authors: Dev Sharma
Published: July 2024

The inflationary epoch, occurring shortly after the Big Bang, initiated an extraordinarily rapid exponential expansion of the universe. Following this period, the rate of cosmic expansion decelerated for approximately 9.8 billion years, until observations indicated a transition to an accelerated expansion of space-time. This paper aims to estimate the minimum possible deceleration of cosmic expansion during the post-inflationary epoch, addressing an unresolved aspect of cosmological studies. The observable universe is modeled as a spherical region defined by the particle horizon in the FLRW metric. The model operates on the principle that the speed of light cannot exceed the speed of space-time expansion, given that photons are bound by space-time constraints. This paper hypothesizes that at the end of the 9.8 billion years of deceleration, the expansion speed was at its lowest, nearly equating to the speed of light. Subsequently, this speed has increased, correlating with the current accelerated expansion. Through a graphical representation assuming a uniform rate of change in expansion speed (for minimum possible values), we apply concepts of onedimensional motion to derive our estimates. This novel approach provides a foundational calculation of the minimum deceleration, significantly contributing to the understanding of the dynamics of cosmic expansion and offering a basis for future research and observational refinement.
Phytochemical Compounds and the Antifungal Activity of Centaurium pulchellum Ethanol Extracts in Iraq
Authors: Noor Jawad Khadhum , Neepal Imtair Al-Garaawi , Antethar Jabbar Al-Edani
Published: July 2024

The current study included a variety of phytochemical substances that were extracted from Centaurium pulchellum and showed a wide range of medicinal properties from the plant's reproductive and vegetative parts against the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus. The vegetative and reproductive components of Centaurium pulchellum were subjected to (GC-MS) analysis for phytochemical study. The data indicated that fungal activity was the highest. Four extract concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/ml were utilized in the investigation, and the diameter of the colonies measured at each concentration was 90.00, 36.00, 28.00, 18.00, and 0.00 mm, respectively. Nine bioactive phytochemical compounds were found in Centaurium pulchellum's vegetative and reproductive portions, according to GC-MS analysis of the chemicals. Another study reported phytochemical substances that: 1-H-Imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde, 1-methyl-;Acetaminophen; n-Hexadecanoic acid; Mercaptoacetic acid, 2TMS derivative; 1.2,3-Dimethyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-benzenediol #; Mercaptoethanol, 2TMS derivative-; Bis-(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phthalate Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl) orthosilicate #;- 1.1-Isopropoxy-3,3,3-trimethyl-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]disiloxanyl tris(trimethylsilyl) orthosilicate #.
"It's Out o' Sight Out o' Mind wi' You": Seriality, Compartmentalization, and North and South
Authors: Betensky Carolyn
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This essay reconsiders the sometimes utopian claims made for the socially binding aspects of Victorian seriality, arguing instead that gaps in serial publication may have fostered a variety of cultural compartmentalization. In this light, I reevaluate Elizabeth Gaskell's ambivalent participation in the serialization of North and South (1854–55), seeing it as a form of resistance to the atomizing potential of seriality. Serialization taught Victorian readers a (new) way to contain their affective and political investments in particular narratives and hold them off to the side as they attended to other print and lived experience. North and South lays bare the stakes of compartmentalization—even as it ultimately stages the very effect it critiques.
Copyright Protection Against Use of copyrighted Works Without Permission in AI Machine Learning: Focused on Introducing Blockchain-Based Extended Collective Licensing System
Authors: Lee Sangmi ,   Korea Copyright Commission
Published: July 2024

Regarding the issue of using copyrighted works as training data, there are two conflicting claims. One is that free use should be legalized for the development of the AI industry, and the other is that copyrighted works should not be used without permission due to reducing incentives for creation. Generative AI provides literary and artistic outputs much faster and cheaper based on learning from human works, putting human authors at risk of being replaced. In this situation, it is time to consider whether it is reasonable to justify free riding on the works that the creator achieved with a great deal of effort in the name of ‘the social benefit’.
Rather than applying fair use doctrine or legislating TDM exception, an substantial solution is required that can maintain the balance between copyright holders, AI developers, and users, such as finding appropriate rewards system. In this paper, I suggest to introduce ‘Extended Collective Licensing (ECL) System’ as a new solution to resolve problems caused by use of copyrighted works without permission and establish a copyright trading system based on blockchain technology. Copyright licensing is an effective mechanism to ensure legitimate rewards to copyright holders, provide legal stability to users and developers of AI services, and accelerate industrial development. Because there are numerous copyright holders worldwide for works that have been used or may be used for machine learning purposes, the adoption of an Extended Collective Licensing System can be said to be the most logical response in the AI era. This system will manage transparently copyrighted works used in AI machine learning and distribute fair compensation guaranteed by copyright law.
الثلاثي المزيد "أَفْعَلَ" ومعانيه في قصيدة رثاء الأندلس: دراسة لغوية صرفية
Authors: Hafis Ade , Anshar Zulhelmi , - Sumardi
Published: July 2024

اللغة العربية هي أوسع اللغة علما في العالم حيث تتضمنّ ثلاثة عشر علما فمن علومها علم الصرف الذي يدرس أبنية الكلمة. فمن أبواب علم الصرف هو الفعل الثلاثي المزيد وهو أن يزاد على حروف الفعل الثلاثة الأصلية فصارت مزيدة عليها. ثم إن زيادة الحرف في الكلمة تدلّ على زيادة المعنى. ويتخصص هذا البحث في دراسة الثلاثي المزيد على وزن "أفعل" في قصيدة رثاء الأندلس لأبي البقاء الرندي التي تتحدث عن ظاهرة سقوط دولة الأندلس بتعبير جميل بليغ. فتعتمد الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يقوم بجمع المعلومات من كتب علم الصرف ثم يحلّل بها الفعل الثلاثي على وزن "أفعل" في القصيدة. فالغرض من البحث هو معرفة أبنية الأفعال على وزن "أفعل" في القصيدة المذكورة. فنتيجة البحث هي أن في القصيدة ثمانية الأفعال وردت على وزن "أفعل". وتتضمّن معان مختلفة، فالفعلان منها معناهما الجعل والواحد على معنى الصيرورة وثلاثة الأفعال منها على معنى المتعدي والاثنان الأخيران منها على معنى اللازم. وهذا الوزن الواحد في القصيدة يكفي للدلالة على أن الشاعر بارع في اختيار المفردات وصوغ الكلام الجميل البليغ لإظهار حزنه بسبب سقوط الأندلس حتى يجذب قولوب المخاطبين.
Technical Note: Optimization of the Hollow Fiber Microextraction conditions for the Determination of Pesticides in Whole Blood by GC-MS
Authors: Schmeiske Carolina , de Souza Dayse , da Silva Bruno
Published: July 2024

In forensic toxicology, the sample preparation procedure has been a crucial step in the analytical method development. The main objectives of the sample preparation include the extraction and pre-concentration of the analytes and removal of interfering species, such as endogenous compounds in the biological samples. In recent years, microextraction techniques have been generating interest due to their advantages, especially because the solvent volumes employed during the extraction are greatly reduced, contributing to the principles of green chemistry. In this work, a method based on hollow fiber microextraction (HFµE) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was evaluated for determination of pesticides (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos methyl, diazinon, disulfoton, terbufos alachlor, ametryn, and atrazine) in postmortem whole blood samples. The extraction procedure was performed using polypropylene fibers as device and 1-octanol as extraction solvent. The fiber was immersed under magnetic stirring in the donor phase, which consisted of 500 microliters of whole blood and 7.5 milliliters of buffer solution. After the extraction time, the fiber was transferred to a vial containing an organic solvent and the analytes were desorbed by stirring. The extraction procedure was optimized. In the desorption step, desorption solvent, agitation mode, and time were evaluated. Multivariate optimization of pH, agitation speed, and salt addition were also performed, followed by univariate optimization of extraction time. After optimization, the extraction conditions that showed the best response were: pH adjustment to value 6, stirring at 600 rpm for 40 minutes without salt addition. For the desorption step, 1 minute of vortex agitation using ethyl acetate as the desorption solvent was defined as the optimal desorption condition. Under these conditions, the pesticides were successfully extracted from postmortem whole blood samples.