bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Socialization Model of National Character Education for Students in Elementary School Through Comic
Authors: Astuti Tri Marhaeni Puji , Kismini Elly , Prasetyo Kuncoro Bayu
Published: September 2019

Realizing the character building on students is a national education goal. The character education is very important for the students. Therefore, the socialization and enculturation of national character education in schools by using an effective and efficient method are needed. This study aims to understand the process of socialization of character education in elementary school, to find the effective way of socialization models of national character education for students in elementary school through comics, and to determine the impact of socialization models of national character education for students in elementary school through the comic for the character building of students. This research was conducted using qualitative methods (Research Development). The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation and documentation. The results show that the socialization of the nation’s character education in primary schools is done in several ways; integrated with in the curriculum through the school management, and through extracurricular programs. Those ways do not seem to produce maximum results. Socialization model of the national character of education in the elementary schools through the comic is more effective to apply, because students are more interested in the visualization of interesting and familiar images.Menyadari pembangunan karakter siswa adalah tujuan pendidikan nasional. Pendidikan karakter sangat penting bagi para siswa. Oleh karena itu, sosialisasi dan enkulturasi pendidikan karakter bangsa di sekolah-sekolah dengan menggunakan metode yang efektif dan efisien diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami proses sosialisasi pendidikan karakter di sekolah dasar, untuk menemukan cara yang efektif untuk model sosialisasi pendidikan karakter bangsa bagi siswa di sekolah dasar melalui komik, dan untuk menentukan dampak dari model sosialisasi pendidikan karakter bangsa bagi siswa di sekolah dasar melalui komik untuk membangun karakter siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif (Research Development). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sosialisasi pendidikan karakter bangsa di sekolah dasar ini dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, terintegrasi dengan subjek termasuk, melalui manajemen sekolah, dan melalui program ekstrakurikuler. Mereka cara tampaknya tidak menghasilkan hasil yang maksimal. Model Sosialisasi karakter nasional pendidikan di sekolah dasar melalui komik lebih efektif untuk diterapkan, karena siswa lebih tertarik pada visualisasi gambar yang menarik dan akrab.
The Power of Sugesti in Traditional Javanese Healing Treatment
Authors: Triratnawati Atik , Wulandari Arsanti , Marthias Tiara
Published: September 2019

This paper aims to explore the beliefs in society toward traditional healing regardless of the more accessible, affordable and improved modern health services. This ethnographic study was conducted in Yogyakarta in 2013-2014. Phenomenological approach was used to analyze the data using the theory of health seeking behavior as the guiding principle of this research. The main factor influencing Javanese community’s belief in traditional healing was the power of placebo effect. Placebo can arise from both the patient and the healer. Additionally, other factors such as compatibility between the patients and the healer, patient’s aversion to doctor’s therapy, and the fact that traditional treatment is cheaper, easier, and more effective than modern medicine were the main considerations for patients in choosing traditional treatment. The benefit of psychotherapy provided through traditional medicine is in the form of life advices or counseling. In addition, healers’ attentiveness in listening to patients’ complaints was also the main appeal of the traditional health care service.Tulisan ini mengupas kepercayaan masyarakat pada penyembuhan medis tradisional meski pelayanan kesehatan modern semakin mudah diakses, murah/gratis pembiayaannya serta ditingkatkan pelayanannya. Studi etnografis ini dilakukan di DIY tahun 2013-2014. Pendekatan fenomenologi digunakan untuk menganalisis data disertai teori health seeking behavior. Kunci kepercayaan masyarakat Jawa berobat ke penyembuh tradisional adalah pengaruh sugesti. Sugesti muncul baik dari penderita maupun penyembuh. Selain itu faktor cocok, takut dengan terapi dokter serta murah, mudah dan manjur juga menjadi pertimbangan pasien ke pengobatan tradisional. Manfaat psikoterapi berupa nasihat, wejangan maupun saran serta kemampuan penyembuh tradisional mendengar curahan hati pasien menjadi daya tarik lain pasien merasa cocok ke pengobatan non medis.
From Personal to Social Transformation: A Phenomenological Study on the Life of ‘Kyai Kampung’
Authors: Kafid Nur
Published: September 2019

The study aims to explore phenomenologically the experiences of “kyai kampong” at Madrasah ‘Tasywiqul Mustarsyidin’ Demak, Central Java, Indonesia. This study specifically emphasizes how personal transformation could result into larger social transformation. The experiences of Kyai Kampung at Maredan Village, Demak, Central Java reveals that certain principles of life drawn from a rich religious tradition have empowered local religious leader to transform himself  and his community. Religious tradition and local wisdom shape their daily life and  self-identity. Under the pressure of modernization and globalization values which are dominated by the value of consumerism and materialism, the kyais are still holding strongly the value of ‘ikhlas’ in their teaching tradition. Even though they strongly hold Islamic religious teaching, they do not ignore  the importance of local culture in their daily lives.Studi ini, secara fenomenologis dilakukan untuk mengeksplor pengalaman hidup (dalam mengajar) para Guru di Madrasah ‘Tasywiqul Mustarsyidin’ Desa Maredan, Kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah, dengan menekankan pada proses refleksi sosial-keagamaan yang menghasilkan adanya transformasi personal dan sosial. Pengalaman hidup para Kyai Kampung ini sangatlah unik. Tradisi dan kearifan lokal menjadi ciri khas identitas dan gaya hidup mereka sehari-hari. Meski arus modernisasi dan globalisasi yang didominasi oleh nilai-nilai konsumerisme dan materialisme juga deras mengalir dalam berbagai sendi kehidupan sosial di sana, tetapi prinsip hidup ‘Ikhlas’ tetap menjadi hal utama bagi mereka. Meskipun ajaran Islamnya sangat kuat, tetapi para Kyai Kampung ini tidak pernah mengabaikan nilai-nilai tradisi dan kearifan lokal dalam praktek kehidupan sehari-hari.
Physiological and behavioral study on depressed rats model treated with Hordeum vulgare extract referenced to SSRI class
Authors: Elbakry Kadry A. Elbakry A. Elbakry , Alazabi Naema Ibolgasm , Omer Nahed M. , Bahnasawy Mohamed H. , Ahmed-Farid Omar Abdel-Hamed
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of Hordeum vulgare aqueous extract (HVE) in a sub-chronic depression rat model.

Methods: Thirty male rats were randomly divided into five groups: the first group served as a control group; the second group received i.p. injection of reserpine (Res) (0.5 mg/ kg) for 20 days, the third group received i.p. injection of reserpine plus fluoxetine (Res + Flux) (10 mg/kg p.o.) for 20 days, the fourth group received i.p. injection of Res plus HVE (1,000 mg/kg p.o.), and the fifth group received Res + Flus +HVE. Behavioral tests were measured on the 21st day of the experiment, then rats were decapitated to determine liver function [alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, TP, Alb, Glob, A/G), brain monoamines and their metabolites (NE, DA, 5-HT, HVA, DOPAC, 5HIAA), oxidative and nitrositive stress markers (MDA, glutathione, oxidized glutathione, NO, SOD, 8OHdG) and purinergic cell capacity (ATP, ADP, AMP).

Results: Obtained data showed neuro-degenerative effect of Res and deteriorative manifestation in liver function. Moreover, flux treatment showed an attenuated deterioration, manifested by Res for monoamines and its metabolites, and subsequently stabilized behaviors and decreased depression status with behavioral tests indicators. On the other hand, it showed initial indicators of liver alteration, presented by serum liver function and histological examination. In addition, treatment with HVE showed amelioration for behavioral, neurochemical functions, and decreased oxidative stress. The results were confirmed by the histological examination.

Conclusion: HVE ameliorate depression induced by Res, stimulates monoamines and antioxidant status, decrease oxidonitrositive markers and increases cell energy capacity without side effects on liver, contrasting to selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, which produces initial indicators of liver damages.
Pediatric Application of Coding and Valuation Systems
Authors: Kanter David M. , Molteni Richard A. ,   COMMITTEE ON CODING AND NOMENCLATURE, Andreae Margie C. , Bradley Joel F. , Brewer Eileen D. , Krug Steven E. , Liechty Edward A. , Linzer Sr Jeffrey F. , Parsi Linda D. , Pillsbury Julia M.
Published: September 2019

The American Academy of Pediatrics provides this technical report as supplemental background to the accompanying coding and valuation system policy statement. The rapid evolution in health care payment modeling requires that clinicians have a current appreciation of the mechanics of service representation and valuation. The accompanying policy statement provides recommendations relevant to this area, and this technical report provides a format to outline important concepts that allow for effective translation of bedside clinical events into physician payment.
Antimicrobial resistance trends in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidisisolates obtained from patients admitted to intensive care units. 2010-2015
Authors: Castro-Orozco Raimundo , Consuegra-Mayor Claudia , Mejía-Chávez Gloria , Hernández-Escolar Jacqueline , Alvis-Guzmán Nelson
Published: September 2019

Introducción. La aparición y la diseminación de cepas resistentes en hospitales, principalmente en unidades de cuidado intensivo (UCI), se han convertido en un serio problema de salud pública.Objetivo. Analizar la tendencia de los fenotipos de resistencia de Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus epidermidis resistentes y susceptibles a meticilina aislados en pacientes atendidos en UCI de un hospital de alta complejidad de Cartagena, Colombia, del 2010 al 2015.Materiales y métodos. Estudio analítico transversal realizado entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2015. Se utilizaron aislamientos de S. aureus y S. epidermidis meticilino-susceptibles y meticilino-resistentes (SARM, SASR, SERM y SESM). La técnica de susceptibilidad empleada fue el método microdilución en caldo para la detección de la concentración mínima inhibitoria.Resultados. Se identificaron 313 aislamientos de Staphylococcus spp., la mayoría resistentes a meticilina (63.6%). Las cepas SARM y SERM correspondieron al 13.7% y al 27.8% del total de aislamientos, respectivamente. Los mayores porcentajes de resistencia en SARM y SERM correspondieron a eritromicina (57.6% y 81.2%, respectivamente), clindamicina (54.6% y 71.0%), ciprofloxacina (48.4% y 36.4%) y trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol (36.4% y 51.4%).Conclusión. Los resultados encontrados sugieren el replanteamiento de las estrategias de control de la resistencia antimicrobiana en el hospital objeto de estudio.
Diagnóstico tardío de VIH/sida en pacientes rurales dado por baja sospecha diagnostica en la comunidad médica. Reportes de caso
Authors: Saint-Pierre-Contreras Gustavo , Valencia-Castillo Melissa , Conei-Valencia Daniel
Published: September 2019

Introducción. La prevalencia de la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en Latinoamérica no ha sido estudiada de forma adecuada, pero se calcula que en Chile la mitad de los pacientes que están infectados no han sido diagnosticados y no están bajo control ni tratamiento.Presentación de los casos. Se presentan dos casos clínicos de pacientes masculinos de 22 y 33 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos, con múltiples consultas en diversos servicios clínicos. El diagnóstico se hizo en etapa sida (síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida), con las complicaciones que se asocian cuando se diagnostica de manera tardía.Conclusiones. El VIH es una patología subdiagnosticada, en su mayoría por falta de sospecha y por los prejuicios de la población respecto a la realización del test de VIH. El cuerpo médico debe tomar la responsabilidad de pesquisar los casos de manera temprana para disminuir el impacto de la enfermedad, en especial en lugares con población vulnerable.
Self-monitoring of blood glucose as control tool in the different management contexts for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. What is its current role in non-insulin users?
Authors: Frías-Ordoñez Juan Sebastián , Pérez-Gualdrón Clara Eugenia
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) has been considered a key element in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, its role in glycemic control in non-insulin users has been long discussed.Objective: To conduct a narrative literature review of the benefits of SMBG in non-insulin-treated patients with T2DM.Materials and Methods: A scientific literature search was conducted in the following databases: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Embase, SciELO, Cochrane and Medline. Relevant articles were selected according to the established criteria. In addition, some studies included in the references of the initially selected articles were added to the review since they were considered relevant for its objective.Results: The following records were included in the review: 14 controlled clinical trials, 13 observational studies, 10 clinical practice guidelines, 7 narrative reviews, 5 meta-analyses, and 1 systematic review.Conclusion: based on the evidence found in this review it is possible to say that the use of SMBG in patients with T2DM is beneficial and that it has a positive impact on non-insulin users in terms of achieving glycemic control and defining therapeutic changes.
Publindex 2020
Authors: Escobar-Córdoba Franklin
Published: September 2019

Después de que el equipo editorial de nuestra revista realizara un arduo y largo trabajo (de varios meses) para ingresar la información requerida en el aplicativo de captura de información desarrollado por el Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Colciencias) y cumplir los requisitos de la Convocatoria No. 830: “Para la indexación de revistas especializadas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación - Publindex”, la Revista de la Facultad de Medicina fue clasificada en la categoría C (1). Es importante mencionar que este proceso implicó importantes costos económicos institucionales.Publindex es la clasificación oficial de revistas científicas en Colombia; en la misma, la Revista de la Facultad de Medicina estuvo en categoría A2 durante casi una década, bajando a categoría B en la convocatoria de 2017 y a C para la del año 2020 (Tabla 1) (2). Por tanto, el cumplimiento de los requisitos para participar en esta convocatoria resultó inútil, ya que, según respuesta de Colciencias —entidad encargada de promover las políticas públicas para fomentar la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación en Colombia—, no se aplicó el principio constitucional de favorabilidad, sino que la clasificación de la revista únicamente tuvo en cuenta el siguiente criterio: “Las revistas que tienen un cuartil en el Journal Citation Report (JCR) o del Scimago Journal Report (SJR) serán clasificadas en la categoría A1=Q1, A2=Q2, B=Q3 y C=Q4, independiente del cuartil que obtengan mediante el cálculo de su H5 dentro de su gran área de conocimiento“ (1). Vale aclarar que el H5 es calculado con la herramienta Publish or Perish (3) y no con Google Scholar (4).
Changes in serum cortisol and some innate immunity parameters after exhaustive exercise in male dogs
Authors: Dzhelebov P. , Gundasheva D. , Andonova M. , Slavov E.
Published: September 2019

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of exhaustive exercise on some innate immunity parameters and cortisol levels. Twelve male, mongrel dogs were divided into an experimental group, submitted to prolonged, strenuous exercise with exhaustion as the end-point, and a control group without any exposure to exercise. Serum cortisol levels were measured before exercise (BE), right after (0 h) and on 2nd hour and 4th hour after exercise. The neutrophil function (phagocytosis, phagocytic index, hydrogen peroxide production-H2O2) and classical pathway of complement activation (CPCA) were measured as followеd: BE, right after exercise and on 2, 4, 24, 48, 72 h, and 7, 14 day after exercise. In experimental animals cortisol decreased on hour 4 after exercise (P<0.05), compared to BE level, and on hour 2, compared to controls (P<0.05). Percentage of H2O2 producing neutrophils in experimental animals dropped significantly on hour 4 and day 7 after exercise (P<0.05), compared to BE level and on hour 4 (P<0.01) vs control group. Percentage of phago-cytising neutrophils decreased slightly on hour 48 (P<0.05), compared to BE level. Phagocytic index and CPCA had an insignificant increase after exercise. Inappropriate changes in cortisol levels could indicate inadequate adaptive response to exercise. Overtraining could make animals more susceptible to infection.
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript promoter regulated by nicotine in nerve growth factor-treated PC12 cells
Authors: Ugur M , Kanit L , Koylu EO , Balkan B , Gözen O
Published: September 2019

Nicotine and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcripts (CART) have several overlapping functions, such as the regulation of reward, feeding behavior, stress response, and anxiety. Previous studies showed that nicotine regulates CART expression in various brain regions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation are not known. This study investigated the regulatory effect of nicotine on promoter activity of the CART gene in PC12 cells, which were differentiated into a neuronal phenotype by nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment. Two vectors containing reporter genes (Gaussia luciferase or mCherry) and the 1,140-bp upstream of the transcriptional start site of the mouse CART gene are used to analyze the CART promoter activity. Transient transfection of PC12 cells with either vector displayed strong promoter activity in both undifferentiated and differentiated PC12 cells. CART promoter activity in the PC12 cell line is increased by forskolin or NGF treatment. In differentiated PC12 cells, exposure to 50 nM nicotine for 6 h increased CART promoter activity. However, treatment with higher nicotine doses for 6 h and treatment with all nicotine doses for 24 h showed no effect. A nicotine concentration of 50 nM is comparable to brain nicotine levels experienced by chronic smokers over long periods of time. Taken together, these data indicate that nicotine may exert some of its actions through the regulation of CART transcription in the brain.
Charting topographic maps based on UAV data using the image classification method
Authors: Klapa Przemysław , Brożek Piotr , Piech Izabela
Published: September 2019

A topographic map is a representation of the terrain, its landform and spatial elements present
therein. Land surveying and photogrammetric measurements must be conducted in order to
produce such cartographic document. The following must be done while obtaining informa-
tion on topographic objects: determine the character and type of an object or phenomenon;
determine the range of its occurrence; indicate a precise location. The next stage involves clas-
sification of objects into relevant classes and categories, i.e. arable land, pastures, forests, water
basins, technical infrastructure, buildings, and other. Then, the determined classes undergo the
process of cartographic generalization by combining smaller elements into a single complex,
determination of a common border of their occurrence, and application of relevant graphic
symbols and colours.
The measuring technique which provides quick and accurate topographic information about the
surrounding area is the one that uses Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Digital photographs
taken during the flight are the basis for generating a high-quality orthophotomap. Accurate de-
termination of the location of individual spatial elements allows large-scale cartographic docu-
ments to be developed. This paper will present the method of charting topographic maps of
rural areas based on orthophotomaps made from the photographs taken during the UAV flight.
Supervised and unsupervised methods of object classification will be tested in order to increase
the effectiveness of determination of types and occurrence range of individual topographic ob-
jects, and the obtained results will be used to chart a topographic map of the studied area
Ionic Current Rectification in Track-Etched Single Conical Nanopores
Authors: YİLMAZ Dürdane , KAYA Dila , KEÇECİ Kaan , DİNLER Ali
Published: September 2019

The ionic current rectification, which is a characteristic behavior of asymmetric nanopores, is an important phenomenon,

especially in biomolecule analysis. Rectification in nanopores resembles the diode element in electrical circuits, where

the ion current is allowed in only one direction. This behavior depends on certain parameters such as pore geometry, the

surface charge density of the pore, ionic concentration of electrolyte, applied potential and pressure. In this study, we

investigated the rectification behavior of ionic currents in conical pore experimentally and verified the results theoretically.

By altering the pH value of the electrolyte solution, we have obtained a variety of current-potential (I-V) curves which

have different ion current rectification values. We have compared these values with simulation results and figured out an

estimate for the surface charge density of the nanopore walls.
Sterol Fractionation of Refined Olive Oil for Sale in Mediterranean Region with GC-FD, Composition Analysis of Triterpenic Dialkols and Validation
Authors: HEPSAĞ Fatma , ÇÜRÜK Pembe
Published: September 2019

I

n this study, compositional analysis of the sterol fraction and triterpenic alcohols of olive oil was made assess the degree

of purity of the oil and the absence of admixture with other plant oils. This determination also permited characterization

of the type of olive oil. In the present work, 30 samples of olive oil supplied from the markets of Adana, Osmaniye and

Mersin in 2015 and 2016 were analyzed, and the validation studies were carried out in the analysis method used. The sterol

fractions were separated from the unsaponifiable fraction by silica gel plate chromatography, and later they were analyzed

as the trimethylsilyl ether derivatives by capillary column gas chromatography. The validation results obtained were evaluated in accordance with TGK-Olive Oil and Pirina Oil Communiqué (Communiqué No: 2010-35)
Diversity and Distribution of Endomycorrhizae and Dark Septate Endophytes of some Economically Important Bamboos of Assam, India
Authors: PARKASH Vipin , HANDIQUE Liza , DHUNGANA Priya
Published: September 2019

The genus Bambusa Schreb. which belongs to the Poaceae family is commonly present in north-eastern region of India. A survey was undertaken in three villages viz. Tilikiaam, Maoutgaon and Nathgaon of Jorhat district, Assam, North-east India, where natural populations of Bambusa species were observed. Four bamboo species i.e. Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss, B. tulda Roxb., B. pallida Munro and B. nutans Wall. ex. Munro were found locally economically important and the rhizospheric soil and root samples were collected for  screening of dark septate endophytes (DSE) as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization. Quantitative analysis of root samples showed the presences of all the three types of endomycorrhizal root infection/colonization namely hyphal, vesicular and arbuscular. Beside this, the dark septate endophytic infections were also observed in all the bamboo species. The cent-percent endomycorrhizal (hyphal and vesicular) and DSE hyphal infections were reported in roots of all the bamboo species respectively. There were variations observed in arbuscular infection in B. nutans and B. bambos (100%), B. pallida (90%) and least in B. tulda (70%). Qualitative analysis revealed that the Endomycorrhizae found in the rhizospheric soil predominantly belongs to five genera viz. Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Entrophospora. The genus Glomus, is the most dominant, with 17 species (61%), Acaulospora with 7 species (25%), Entrophospora with 2 species (7%), Scutellospora (3.5%) and Gigaspora (3.5%) with 1 species each. Distribution of AM fungi were highest in B. bamboos (67.7%) followed by B. pallida (19.4%), B. tulda (11.1%) and least in B. nutans (2.8%). Bamboo resources have been considerably declining due to exploitation, shifting cultivation, gregarious flowering and extensive forest fires from the natural habitats. Therefore, further microbial based applied researches should be undertaken to protect the dwindling natural bamboo resources and considering AMF bioinoculants in future management practices in order to maintain diminishing ecosystems.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Promising Castor Been (Ricinus communis L.) Genotypes in Nigeria
Authors: SALIHU Bolaji Zuluqurineen , FALUSI Olamide Ahmed , ADEPOJU Adeyinka Olufemi , AROLU Ibrahim Wasiu , DAUDU Oladipupo Yusuf , ABEJIDE Dorcas Ropo , OKE Christiana Oreoluwa
Published: September 2019

Castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L.) is an important oil crop with little research attention in Nigeria. In the present research, extent of genetic diversity among 20 Nigerian castor genotypes was determined using morphological descriptors and molecular markers. The genotypes were laid out on a randomized complete block design with three replicated plots. Molecular genotyping of the genotypes was carried out using genomic Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). The genotypes revealed high divergence in seed colour, seed shape, seed mottle, seed caruncle and seed sizes. Seedling establishment varied from 70.18% (in Acc. 006) to 93.25% (Acc. 001) with average mean of 81.53%. Raceme length ranged from 15.90 cm to 29.54 cm with population mean of 20.80 cm. The highest seed yield (1222.98 kg/ha) was recorded in Acc. 001 and the least (611.46 kg/ha) was observed in Acc. 006. Seed oil content varied between 32.15% in Acc. 042 and 54.03% in Acc. 006. Agglomerative cluster dendrogram constructed from morphological data showed random distribution of the genotypes into three cluster groups irrespective of the sources/collection points. The genetic diversity based on SSR Marker Analysis revealed high average expected heterozygosity (0.74), Polymorphic information content (0.68), Nei’s gene diversity index (0.72) and Shannon's Information index (1.43). The dendrogram constructed from molecular data grouped the twenty genotypes into three groups at coefficient of 0.34. From these findings, it showed that the twenty genotypes evaluated are divergent in nature and they could serve as good genetic material for castor breeding in Nigeria.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: Its Occurrence, Aetiology, Epidemiology, Associated Clinicopathological Findings, Diagnosis, Prevention and Control in Humans and Animals: An Overview
Authors: UGOCHUKWU Iniobong C. , AGINA Onyinyechukwu A. , UGOCHUKWU Emmanuel
Published: September 2019

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a serious zoonotic disease.  It is characterized by severe infection of the lower respiratory pathway in humans. Dromedary camels are considered to be the likeliest source of the very pathogenic aetiologic agent, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Although, the first case of MERS-CoV was initially identified in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in September 2012, most of the reported cases have been detected in Arabian Peninsula but worthy of note is that travel-associated MERS cases have been reported around the world especially in Europe, Asia, Africa and North-America. This virus is very endemic in camel populations of East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula but worryingly, the zoonotic transmission of MERS-CoV are now well reported. It is diagnosed in camels using IgG immunofluorescence assay, protein microarray and virus neutralisation assay Diagnosis in humans is based on chest radiographs and computed tomographic scans but confirmatory diagnosis of suspected MERS patients could be done by taking a intratracheal aspirate for detection test of MERS-CoV RNA positive real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. The major control measures of MERS-CoV spread include strict regulation of camel movement, regular herd screening and culling of infected camels.
Fruit and Juice Metric Characteristics of Two Yellow Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Degener) Genotypes Grown in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: NDUKWE Okorie O. , BAIYERI Paul K.
Published: September 2019

An investigation was undertaken to determine the fruit and juice metric traits of fresh fruits obtained from two yellow passion fruit genotypes grown in south-eastern Nigeria in two seasons. The passion fruit genotypes (Conventional and KPF-4) received 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 t ha-1 poultry manure (PM) rates in 2014 and 0, 10, 20 t ha-1 PM, 5 t ha-1 PM + 200 kg ha-1 NPK 15:15:15, 10 t ha-1 PM + 200 kg ha-1 NPK and 400 kg ha-1 NPK in 2016. Ten ripe and freshly dropped fruits in 2015 and 2017 were picked and taken to the laboratory. Fruit and juice metric traits (such as fruit length, circumference, pulp weight, juice volume and weight) were measured. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance following the procedure for split-plot experiment in completely randomized design. KPF-4 significantly (p<0.05) produced longer, wider and heavier fruits than the Conventional in 2015 whereas in 2017 all the fruit metric traits did not significantly (p>0.05) differ between the genotypes. Juice volume (682 ml) and pulp fresh weight (942 g) in 2015 were significantly highest in the Conventional when they received 20 or 40 t ha-1 PM. Application of 10 t ha-1 PM + 200 kg ha-1 NPK in 2016 enhanced the production of highest juice volume (723 ml) and pulp fresh weight (770 g) in the Conventional. Juice percentage and fruit metric traits of yellow passion fruit could be enhanced with the application 20 t ha-1 PM, considering lesser cost of PM procurement, or combined application of 10 t ha-1 PM + 200 kg ha-1 NPK.
Survey on Nigerian Castor Germplasm for Potential Resistant Genotypes to Cercospora Leaf Spot
Authors: SALIHU Bolaji Zuluqurineen , ADEBOLA Mathew Omoniyi , KABARAINI Maryam Alfa , GBADEYAN Sunkanmi Tokunbo , AJADI Adijat Abolore , ISHAQ Muhammad Nur
Published: September 2019

Fungal diseases cause a lot of economic damage in castor and in some instances; it is a limiting factor to commercial cultivation of the crop. In the present study, survey on castor germplasm for sources of resistant genes to Cercospora leaf spot was carried out at National Cereals Research Institute Badeggi, Nigeria. The genotypes were grown in a resolvable incomplete block design with three replications. The results obtained revealed high variability of host resistance among the genotypes. Percentage disease incidence ranged between 16.67% and 100%.  A range between 1.43 score and 4.17 scores with average score of 2.89 were recorded for disease severity among the genotypes. Highest (95.92%) and lowest (13.03%) damage index were observed in the genotypes Acc. 059 and Acc. 022 respectively. The Principal component (PC) 1 to 4 explained 100% of the variability in the germplasm. PC1 explained 69.72% of the variability with the major contributory parameters being the disease incidence, severity and damage index. Significant negative correlations were recorded between the seed yield and all the three disease indices. The result of cluster analysis revealed six cluster groups among the germplasm with cluster membership ranging between 4 and 40 members. The cluster I contained members (Acc. 002, Acc. 017, Acc. 022, Acc. 026, Acc. 027, Acc. 048 and Acc. 061) with low average disease incidence, severity and damage index. The results reported here could serve as a basis for further screening of the potential resistant genotypes under controlled condition to develop resistant lines.
Impact of Heat Stress on Blood and Serum Biochemistry Parameters in Rats
Authors: ODO Rita I. , ONOJA Samuel O. , OSUAGWU Cyrus O.
Published: September 2019

Twenty mature albino rats randomly assigned to two groups (n=10) were used for the study. Group A was exposed to the sun, while group B was kept under a shade. The study was for 28 days. At the end of the study, the effects of heat stress on haematology and serum biochemistry were determined. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the packed cell volume  of group A when compared to group B. Red blood cell count of group A increased significantly when compared to group B. The mean erythroid values for MCHC and MCH decreased significantly in group A when compared to group B.  The mean haemoglobin concentration of group A was significantly lower when compared to that of group B. White blood cell count of group A decreased significantly (p<0.05) when compared to group B on day 28. The result of the differential leucocyte count showed significant decrease in lymphocytes in the heat stressed group when compared to the unstressed for the entire period. Total serum protein significantly increased in group A when compared to group B on day 14. Alanine amino transferase significantly increases in group A when compared to group B on day 28. Alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly in group A throughout the study period when compared to group B. Aspartate - amino transferase increased significantly in group A when compared to group B on day 28. Serum cholesterol significantly decreased in group A on day 28 when compared to group B.
Ethanolic Extract of Chrysophyllum albidum Stem Bark Prevents Alloxan-Induced Diabetes
Authors: EHIGIATOR Enoluomen Ben , ADIKWU Elias
Published: September 2019

Chrysophyllum albidum (C. albidum) is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes, but there is a paucity of scientific evidence to support its use. This study investigated the effect of the ethanolic extract of Chrysophyllum albidum stem bark (EECA) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into groups and treated with 100-200 mg/kg EECA for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively. Metformin (150 mg/kg) was used as the standard control. Blood samples were collected at the end of treatment for glucose test, while serum samples were extracted and assessed for high density lipoprotein (LDLC), triglyceride (TG) low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and total cholesterol (TC). Pancreas was excised and evaluated for oxidative stress indexes. Blood glucose, serum TG, LDL-C and TC levels were significantly (p<0.001) increased whereas HDL-C levels were significantly (p<0.001) decreased in diabetic rats when compared to non-diabetic. Also, pancreatic malondialdehyde levels were significantly (p<0.001) increased whereas superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly (p<0.001) decreased in diabetic rats when compared to non-diabetic control. However, alterations in the aforementioned parameters were reversed significantly in a dose and time-dependent fashion in diabetic rats treated with 100 mg/kg (p<0.05), 200 mg/kg (p<0.01) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001) of EECA for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively when compared to diabetic control. EECA showed potential as remedy for diabetes which supports its use in folklore for the treatment of diabetes.
Diversity, Distribution and Conservation Status of the Genus Tectaria Cav. from Deccan Peninsula and Western Ghats of India
Authors: PATIL Sachin M. , ANTONY Raju , NAMPY Santhosh , RAJPUT Kishore S.
Published: September 2019

The halberd fern genus Tectaria Cav., is terrestrial, medium to large size herb, growing along the cut edges of hills and hillocks or edges of river. It is characterized by the presence of erect, creeping or suberect rhizome with dimorphic, subdimorphic or monomorphic fronds and anastomosing to free veins. Generally, it occurs in different habitats of the tropical to subtropical region of the world. Different members are exploited for various purposes in traditional medicinal system by local tribes. However, the diversity, distribution, conservation status and state of the knowledge about Tectaria (Tectariaceae) is not uniform worldwide including India. Therefore, the present investigation aims to study the diversity, distribution and conservation status of this genus from Peninsula and Western Ghats of India. Out of 24 species reported from India, nearly nine species occur in Deccan Peninsula and Western Ghats. A detailed distribution and conservation status with the identification key to the species of Tectaria distributed in this region is provided herewith.
Investigation of the Effect of Maize Substitution with Fermented Cashew Apple Residue on Broiler Chicken Growth
Authors: OYETAYO Adedayo M. , AKINNIBOSUN Faith I.
Published: September 2019

In this study, the effect of substitution of maize with fermented cashew apple residue (CAR) on the growth of broiler chicken was investigated. Cashew apple residue was subjected to fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum, and then used to formulate broiler starter diet by substituting/mixing it with maize in the ratios 0:100, 50:50 and 100:0 for maize and CAR respectively. The diet was fed to four groups of day old broilers for six weeks during which feed intake and weight gained were monitored. The bacterial count increased from 5.6 × 106 at the beginning of the fermentation to 31.5 × 106 cfu/g at 72 hr. Also, the pH of the CAR was reduced gradually over the 72 hours period of fermentation coupled with increase in the total titratable acidity. The nutritional composition analyses of the compounded diets showed no significant difference (p≤0.05) between the crude protein content of the formulated feed (21.02±0.15 - 21.12±0.15%) and the commercially available feed (21.50±0.00). However, the crude fibre content of the control (3.10±0.00) was lower than the content of the formulated diets. After feeding the chicks for two weeks, there was no significant difference in the average weight gained by the chicks fed the control diet and those fed with fermented CAR-based feeds. The cumulative feed consumption in the groups ranged from 2.57 kg (diet C) to 2.91 kg (diet A). These results suggest that fermented CAR may be used as alternative to maize in broiler feed formulation
Innovation, Trade Policy, and Globalization
Authors: Ates Sina T. , Akcigit Ufuk , Impullitti Giammario
Published: September 2019

This note examines the optimal mix of tariff policies and R&D subsidies to support domestic firms in global technological competition and to enhance aggregate welfare.
Gestión de calidad como estrategia clave de la felicidad en el deporte federado
Authors: Loranca-Valle Cristina , Cuesta-Valiño Pedro , Núñez-Barriopedro Estela
Published: September 2019

La relación entre el deporte y la felicidad es un hecho probado en multitud de ocasiones, el ejercicio físico aporta al deportista diversas sensaciones positivas todas ellas muy relacionadas con el término felicidad. Por tanto, partiendo del hecho de que la práctica deportiva produce felicidad, el objetivo de este estudio es de averiguar qué variables influyen principalmente en la felicidad del deportista. Y en concreto del deportista federado. Una de las novedades de este estudio es que los resultados podrían ayudar a los miembros de las juntas directivas de las federaciones a tomar buenas decisiones y poder contribuir en mayor forma a la felicidad del federado. Las principales variables que encontramos en la literatura que influyen positivamente en la felicidad son la calidad percibida y la satisfacción, a su vez encontramos estudios que confirman la influencia de la confianza y las relaciones sociales sobre la felicidad. El estudio empírico se ha realizado a través de datos primarios mediante encuesta sobre una muestra de 601 individuos federados en las distintas federaciones autonómicas de España, concretamente en la modalidad deportiva de kárate. Los resultados obtenidos confirman todas las hipótesis planteadas en este estudio por lo que como indicaba la literatura revisada las cuatro variables analizadas (la calidad percibida, la satisfacción, la confianza y las relaciones sociales) influyen de forma significativa y positivamente en la felicidad.
Cumplimiento fiscal y bienestar: un análisis con perspectiva mundial
Authors: Vasco Camino Gonzalez , Delgado Rodríguez María Jesús , Santos Sonia de Lucas
Published: September 2019

La recaudación fiscal supone la base para el desarrollo de los estados de bienestar en los países, tanto en su vertientes social, económica y medioambiental como de garante de su felicidad. El fortalecimiento de la moral tributaria y el cumplimiento fiscal de los ciudadanos no solo es importante para lograr alcanzar las metas asumidas por la política fiscal sino que también forman parte de los valores que pueden generar un mayor nivel de satisfacción personal.  El objetivo del presente trabajo es ofrecer una panorámica mundial sobre los cambios que se han producido en los ingresos fiscales y su relación con el mayor o menor grado de bienestar alcanzado por los ciudadanos.  Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se han utilizado las bases de datos de estadísticas tributarias ofrecidas por la OCDE y el índice global de desarrollo sostenible que ofrece New Economics Foundation. Los resultados muestran que los países con mayor recaudación tributaria sobre su PIB y con estructuras impositivas más sólidas cuentan también con altos niveles de bienestar.  Entre los países que alcanzan los mejores resultados se encuentran Holanda y Noruega, con elevados índices de felicidad y de cumplimiento fiscal.  No obstante, hay que destacar el importante papel desempeñado por el medio ambiente, que justifica los niveles de felicidad a los que llegan algunos países, en general de menor desarrollo económico. La evidencia obtenida tiene importantes implicaciones para el diseño y aplicación de políticas fiscales en el mundo.
Evaluation of Mitochondrial Function v2
Authors: Dale Abel E.
Published: September 2019

Summary: This protocol describes the procedures used by the DiaComp for evaluating mitochondrial function. Diabetic Complication: References 1. Veksler VI, Kuznetsov AV, Sharov VG, Kapelko VI, Saks VA. Mitochondrial respiratory parameters in cardiac tissue: a novel method of assessment by using saponin-skinned fibers. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987;892:191-6. 2. Saks VA, Veksler VI, Kuznetsov AV, Kay L, Sikk P, Tiivel T, Tranqui L, Olivares J, Winkler K, Wiedemann F, Kunz WS. Permeabilized cell and skinned fiber techniques in studies of mitochondrial function in vivo. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998;184:81-100. 3. Ouhabi R, Boue-Grabot M, Mazat JP. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis in permeabilized cells: assessment of the ATP/O values in situ. Anal Biochem. 1998;263:169-75.
Bringing critical literacy into tertiary EFL reading class
Authors: Setyaningsih Endang
Published: September 2019

Critical literacy (CL) is an area that remains under-researched regardless of the growing acknowledgement on its importance. Previously published works on CL have provided depictions of classroom implementations but they appeared to be lacking a guiding framework thus tended to be haphazard. This study addressed the gap by exploring the implementation of CL using a prototype model that combines the Four Resources Framework (FRF) as a theoretical frame and Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review (SQ3R) as a working model. The study aims at uncovering how CL could be infused into regular EFL Reading class using the model and how students developed their CL. The investigation involved 39 university students in Indonesia. The data were collected using multiple methods:  observation, tests, interview, artifact, and questionnaire. Quantitative and qualitative data were concurrently analyzed by using statistical pack and interactive model, respectively. The study confirmed that questions and materials played key roles in turning a conventional Reading class into a CL class. Having exposed to critical questions, the students  indicated progress in their practice as text users and text analysts. The analysis revealed that the students at differing baselines addressed the four roles differently in terms of the extent and consistency. Students with high proficiency tended to be more consistent in addressing the text user and text analyst roles either individually or as part of the group. In contrast, students with lower proficiency indicated inconsistent engagement with the two roles, particularly in individual work. Generally, the students’ ability to build critical stance to text was also determined by the complexity of the material. The easier the text was comprehended, the more critical the students were toward the text. The study suggests that it be necessary to include explicit teaching and sufficient provision of time in CL teaching to produce an automated critical response to texts.
Experiential versus attitudinal topic types and task performance in EFL monologues
Authors: Assiri Mohammed Shuaib
Published: September 2019

With the aim of contributing to the existing ‎literature on the relationships between task ‎and topic facets, discourse features, topic ‎familiarity, and task performance in speaking, this study used EFL monologues to examine how two different sets of ‎topics―experiences/preferences versus opinions/attitudes―relate to task performance. The ‎task performance was measured using discourse features, including how language ‎elicited was complex, fluent, and lexically diverse. The study also explores how discourse ‎features themselves relate to one another across the two sets of topics. The data for the study ‎came from monologues performed by 63 adult EFL learners at the intermediate level of an ‎intensive English program in Saudi Arabia. The learners produced the monologues in response ‎to two summative tests (i.e., Test 1: experiences & preferences and Test 2: opinions & ‎attitudes). Using parametric statistical analyses (incl., the paired samples T-test and the ‎Pearson correlation), it was found that while experiences and preferences evoked more fluent ‎language than did opinions and attitudes, the latter elicited more complex and lexically ‎diverse language. Also, a significant, positive correlation existed between fluency and complexity for experiences and preferences, whereas lexical diversity was significantly positively correlated with complexity for opinions and attitudes. The study report concludes ‎with practical implications for enhancing task performance of monologues in the areas of ‎complexity, fluency, and lexical diversity.‎