bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety Issues in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan with Retention of Olympus Long Clips in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Wang Cheng-Yi , Chang Wei-Chou , Huang Hsin-Hung , Chang Wei-Kuo , Shih Yu-Lueng , Hsieh Tsai-Yuan , Lin Hsuan-Hwai
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Not all endoscopic clips are compatible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
The aim of this study is to investigate the safety of MRI-incompatible endoscopic clips in patients
undergoing MRI scans.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who had received endoscopic
clip placement of Olympus Long Clip MRI-incompatible clips and then had undergone MRI
scans within two weeks in our hospital between 2014 and 2019.

Results:

A total of 44,292 patients had undergone an MRI examination at our hospital. Only 15 patients
had MRI scans within two weeks after the endoscopic clip placement. Their median age was
65.5 years, and 12 of the 15 patients were men. At the time of the clip placement and MRI scan,
four patients were taking anti-coagulation or anti-platelet agents. The indication for endoscopic
clip placement of the 15 patients was mucosal/submucosal defect or hemorrhage and colonic perforation.
Endoscopic clips were placed in the colon of 14 patients and in the stomach of only one patient
for gastric hemorrhage. One patient experienced clip migration and three displayed artifacts in
abdominal images. No patient complications of mortality, hemorrhage, or organ perforation occurred.

Conclusion:

No serious adverse event occurred during MRI scans of patients with MRI-incompatible
clips in this study, suggesting that MRI-incompatible clips may be safe to use in MRI scans.
However, this does not guarantee the safety of the Long Clip for MRI scans, as further tests are
needed to verify that this clip is safe for use during MRI.
Спектроскопия тонких пленок оксида цинка вблизи края фундаментального поглощения
Authors: Аванесян В.Т. , Провоторов П.С. , Стожаров В.М. , Сычев М.М. , Ерузин А.А.
Published: June 2021

Представлены результаты исследования спектров оптического поглощения в тонких пленках оксида цинка ZnO, полученных методом реактивного катодного распыления. Наблюдаемое поглощение света в области энергий фотонов, меньших ширины запрещенной зоны, объясняется присутствием в запрещенной зоне хвостов плотности локальных состояний. Определены ширина запрещенной зоны и характеристическая энергия Урбаха. Установлено влияние особенностей структуры и примесного фактора на поведение полученных экспериментальных спектральных зависимостей. Ключевые слова: оксид цинка, ширина запрещенной зоны, модель Тауца, энергия Урбаха.
Определение время жизни люминесценции Ce-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- методом время-коррелированного счета фотонов при сонолюминесценции водного раствора CeCl-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Казачек М.В. , Гордейчук Т.В.
Published: June 2021

The flashes of sonoluminescence and sonophotoluminescence from 0.1 M CeCl3 aqueous solution were separated in time with single photon correlation counter. The Ce3+ luminescence lifetime was determined by correlation method as 33 ns corresponding to the value measured by classical spectroscopical method with temporal resolution. The flash shape as an exponential decay was confirmed with numerical simulation.
Применение модифицированного метода дискретных источников и метода диаграммных уравнений к решению задачи дифракции волн на теле с шероховатой границей
Authors: Кюркчан А.Г. , Маненков С.А.
Published: June 2021

A two-dimensional problem of diffraction on a cylindrical body with a rough boundary is considered. In this work, two aspects of the problem of diffraction on the body with irregular boundary are investigated. First, the problem of diffraction by bodies with random perturbations of the boundary is considered. As an example, diffraction by a rough circular cylinder is considered. The results of calculating the averaged scattering diagram obtained using the modified method of discrete sources are compared with the results obtained using the method of small perturbations. The second goal of this work is to clarify the degree of influence of the small perturbations of the scatterer boundary on the geometry of the set of singularities of the analytical continuation of the diffraction field. As an example, the problem of diffraction by the cylindrical body with a cross-section in the form of a rough multi-leaf, specified in polar and elliptical coordinates, is considered.
Authors’ Reply: Understanding the Impact of Social Media Information and Misinformation Producers on Health Information Seeking. Comment on “Health Information Seeking Behaviors on Social Media During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among American Social Networking Site Users: Survey Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Neely Stephen , Eldredge Christina , Sanders Ronald
Published: June 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A
Examination of parents refusing administration of childhood vaccinations: Turkey example
Authors: Baysan Caner , Yavaş Seher Palanbek , Uğur Karabat Mehmet
Published: June 2021

Background. Vaccination is an important health service that reduces the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. In our study, it was aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude, risk perception of parents about vaccine refusal, and the vaccination status of their children in a province of Turkey with a low socioeconomic level. Materials and methods. In the study designed in a cross-sectional type, 105 parents (participation rate: 80.2 %) who rejected the vaccine were reached. Results. The most refused vaccine by the parents is DaBT-İPA-Hib (90.5 %) and the least rejected vaccine is BCG (58.1 %). It was determined that who thought vaccines have no benefits (p = 0.003), those who were doubtful about the content of the vaccine (p = 0.001), those who did not want the vaccine due to their religious beliefs (p = 0.006), and those who believed in natural immunity (p = 0.002) were less convinced about vaccinating their children at a statistically significant level than the other group. The vaccine with the highest rate is HAV (35.0 %, n = 7), and the vaccine with the lowest rate is BCG (8.3 %, n = 1) in terms of the rate of vaccination that they declare to be convinced to have it. Conclusions. When evaluated on the causes of vaccine refusal and persuasion, the primary source of information is provided by health workers with scientific evidence through different communication methods (social media, etc.) should be reached.
Appeal of Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Pankiv V.I.
Published: June 2021

No abstract
Predicting the risk of severe menopausal syndrome in perimenopausal women with hypothyroidism
Authors: Pasechko N.V. , Chukur O.O. , Bob A.O. , Sverstiuk A.S.
Published: June 2021

Background. Every year the number of menopausal women increases. At this age, the prevalence of hypothyroidism (HT) reaches its peak. The problem of menopausal syndrome (MS) is relevant for patients with HT, concomitant endocrine disorders create a background for combination with dyshormonal factors. The purpose of the study: to propose an approach to predicting the risk of severe MS in perimenopausal women with HT according to the developed algorithm and mathematical model. Materials and methods. To predict the development of MS, 146 perimenopausal women with autoimmune HT were surveyed. Using multiple regression analysis, a prognostic model of the risk of severe MS was created. Results. Logistic regression analysis revealed the following most significant multicollinear risk factors for MS: smoking, alcohol consumption, adverse environmental conditions, physical activity, history of stress and anxiety, thyroid disease. A correlation matrix with calculation of regression coefficients and coefficient of determination was constructed, a mathematical model was created to determine the risk factor for the progression of MS. The predicted value of the risk factor for severe MS with a high degree of probability was determined in 72 (49.32%) women, with an average probability— in 58 (39.73%), and with a low probability— in 16 women (10.95%) with HT. The correspondence of the predicted results with the theoretically expected ones in the high-risk group was recorded in 104.37%, in the average-risk— in 94.73%, and in the low-risk— in 89.65% of cases. Conclusions. The developed algorithm and mathematical model for predicting severe MS on the background of HT are highly informative and allow determining in advance the group of women at high risk of severe MS for the timely implementation of appropriate preventive measures.
Adrenal adenomas: what to do with them? Review 2
Authors: Rybakov S.
Published: June 2021

Adrenal incidentalomas (AI) are a collective, working category that contains a wide range of different forms of pathology of these glands. They differ in the original tissue structures from which they originate, in clinical and hormonal characteristics, in diagnostic and tactical approaches. Such a wide range of emergencies, which are hidden under the guise of accidentally detected AI, puts before the clinician the task of identifying them (establishing a clinical and, if possible, morphological diagnosis) with the definition of tactical approaches. Based on the analysis of these data, as well as numerous publications, their working classification is proposed. When deciding on surgical treatment, the surgeon must have a clinical diagnosis— what nosological form of adrenal pathology is to be operated on. Interventions with the diagnosis AI are unacceptable and are a gross error. The optimal operation for most such tumors is laparoscopic adrenalectomy with the tumor. Open operations are indicated for malignant tumors of significant size, especially with signs of invasion into surrounding structures. Given that most AI are benign formations, it is equally important to determine further tactics for them— the mode and duration of observation, the order and scope of control clinical and hormonal and imaging studies, the principles of evaluation of the results. Several guidelines indicate that in the presence of hormonally inactive adenomas, without signs of malignancy, less than 3–4 cm in size, no further observation is indicated. It is noted that in such tumors the tendency to growth, malignancy, emergence of hormonal activity is extremely seldom observed. In other cases, especially with the slightest doubt of the initial results, follow-up examinations are recommended after 3, 6, 12 months and then after 1–2 years, the maximum period is set to five years. These parameters are the subject of discussion in various clinics.
Markers of progression of liver fibrotic changes in patients with chronic toxic drug-induced hepatitis
Authors: Didenko V.I. , Tatarchuk O.M. , Petishko O.P. , Konenko I.S. , Melanich S.L.
Published: June 2021

Background. In recent years, as a result of the growing expansion of the pharmaceutical market, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in the incidence of chronic toxic drug-induced hepatitis of drug genesis (TDIH). The appearance of fibrosis is considered the most important histological change that determines the further course of the disease. Therefore, the search for non-invasive or minimally invasive markers for assessing fibrotic changes in the liver remains an urgent issue in clinical practice. The purpose was to determine the diagnostic value of immunological parameters for stratification of the severity of liver fibrosis in patients with TDIH. Materials and methods. The study included 41 patients with TDIH, who were divided into three groups: group I consisted of 12 people without liver fibrosis (F0), group II— 22 patients with moderate fibrosis (F1-F2), group III— 7 individuals with severe liver fibrosis (F3-F4). Shear wave elastography was performed using a Soneus P7 system (Ukraine-Switzerland). All patients underwent a biochemical blood test with the determination of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The subpopulation composition of lymphocytes, circulating immune complexes (CIC), the level of interleukins (IL-6, IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor α were assessed. Results.The progression of liver fibrosis is accompanied by an increase in cytolytic syndrome: patients with severe fibrosis have a 3.3-fold increase in the ALT (p<0.05) compared to the controls and a 2.1-fold (p<0.05) compared to that in patients with moderate fibrosis. The AST level is significantly higher— by 4.6 times (p=0.023) in patients with severe fibrosis than in those with moderate fibrosis. With the progression of liver fibrosis, there is a significant decrease in cellular immunity, an increase in the level of CIC and pro-inflammatory cytokines with a simultaneous decrease in the content of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which is confirmed by correlations between the liver stiffness index according to shear wave elastography data and the level of T-helpers (r=–0.466; p=0.03), IL-6 (r=0.364; p=0.01), IL-10 (r=–0.331; p=0.039) and CIC (r=0.381; p=0.017). Conclusions. Markers of the diagnosis of severe liver fibrosis in patients with TDIH are indicators such as the ratio of IL-6/IL-10 higher than 0.83 (sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 78.9%), CIC level more than 4.3 optical density units (sensitivity 77.3%, specificity 72.2%), the ratio of T-helpers/T-suppressors is less than or equal to 1.6 (sensitivity 72.7%, specificity 57.9%).
Presentación
Authors: Editorial Coordinación
Published: June 2021

FIGURAS REVISTA ACADÉMICA DE INVESTIGACIÓN denotes (by dint of the act of writing) the act of transforming, tracing and representing in each publication the findings that authors lay on every section included in the journal.
PERSPECTIVES is a section that comprises original and unpublished research articles. It evokes the act of seeing through, as the Latin etymology perspicere states it. All participating authors present their progress made or their findings, and put them to their respective scientific community’s consideration and discussion in order to enrich peer dialogue.
SCENARIOS is a site intended for figuralization. This section represents a linguistic setting in which the author and the reader re-create an exchange of thoughts, where the regulated dialogue that maintains the language used to talk about a current issue is figured.
Within the first issue, SCENARIOS hosts written and imaged essays aimed at the academic field of Architecture and Visual Communication. These provide new possibilities of studying current topics, concerning such field, that require a specific critical focus.
 RESONANCES is a space dedicated to critical reviews regarding texts, expositions, scientific activities or cultural events that pulse current time and assist readers on what has gained notoriety.
 FIGURAS REVISTA ACADÉMICA DE INVESTIGACIÓN provides open and immediate access to its content, so as to freely retrieve research articles, essays and critiques and, thus, join the stimulus that the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México is granting to the exchange of research taking place in the country. This is made possible by means of the Open Access initiative, understood as the way of sharing scientific information for free and without restriction, where each article, essay and critique fits in a very singular way.
La política exterior mexicana, recuperar el regionalismo: 2017-2019
Authors: Uribe-Escalante Anna Karla
Published: June 2021

By means of a dialectical method, this article explains reality as a capitalist world-system in crisis, characterized by power centers with an hegemon (now, the United States of America), which exercises its authority over dependent peripheries. When feeling threatened, this country opts for an offensive political-military strategy, against which foreign policies of other countries have two options: either subordination or diversification, hence the prioritization of foreign policy of States as a central instrument for the peripheries, where regionalisms must be revitalized, mainly for the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. The article concludes by stating the importance of multilateralism of stopping impositions on domestic policy decisions, where Mexico is capable of undertaking new leadership, especially since 2018 given the popularity of its new president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador.
El estudio de la participación del Estado en el caso de la zona arqueológica de Monte Albán como Patrimonio de la Humanidad
Authors: Arroyo-Belmonte Rocío
Published: June 2021

This paper analyzes the administration of the archaeological zone of Monte Albán led by the Mexican State since it was declared World Heritage Site in 1987. With the assumption of methodological proposals lacking regarding this particular topic, a study based on the theoretical approach of State Capacity policies is empirically proposed. This study considers: State participation in correlation with different agents, the regulatory actions stablished by policies and existing institutions and the decision-making process.
As a result of this guidelines implementation, it is possible to get an insight of the Mexican State administration of the World Heritage Sites within its territory in Monte Albán case, exhibiting a centralization of governmental actions; a restrictive regulatory framework that excludes the participation of local agents; an overwhelming budget neglect; an inter-institutional de-coordination; and a lack of governmental policies continuity. Together, all these factors emphasize that working with the epistemological construction of state capacities regarding the transversal and horizontal World Heritage Site matter needs to continue.
Ciencia, matemáticas y poesía
Authors: Poitevin Pedro
Published: June 2021

This text explores the different modalities of the relationship between poetry and natural and mathematical sciences. It also proposes a structuralist scheme for identifying ways in which the poetry of science can cultivate harmony and/or tension with scientific knowledge.
La metáfora como espacio de detenimiento
Authors: García-Bergua Alicia
Published: June 2021

The thoroughness gesture and the attention to language that metaphor implies, is one of the greatest rational thought foundations. When metaphor comes to be part of written language, it becomes the object of expression of imagination in the exact place of the page. Along these lines, the mind reconfigures itself giving rise to depictions, scenarios and images coming from the relationships between the words employed. By all the latter, I mean that the written word creates what I would call mental and emotional scenarios to think, to play with words and their signification, to recreate phenomena with them and to raise questions. The way in which poetry, through metaphor, stops at the facts and ideas themselves does not really differ from other thinking processes carried out in different intellectual activities. There is even a seeking spirit that, in the case of poets, implies a subjective consciousness and, in the case of scientist, implies an attempt for a total absence of it, which motivates both poets and scientists alike.
Dimensiones de la cultura literaria en México (1800-1850). Modelos de sociabilidad, materialidades, géneros y tradiciones intelectuales
Authors: Valentín-González Gamaliel
Published: June 2021

The book reviewed is the first of six volumes which conform the collection Historia de las literaturas en México, a project boosted by different institutions belonging to the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). The set of 18 essays brings to light the multiple factors that influenced the conformation of Mexican literary culture during the first half of the 19th century. The later derived from researches done by various specialists whose works are characterized by their variety of approaches, but whose guiding thread is to provide with a global vision that explains the Mexican literary system in a broad context that problematizes different veins of knowledge.
La educación indígena en la Sierra Tarahumara como un asunto de muerte: Obstáculos y retos ante una sociedad discriminatoria y desigual
Authors: Pintado-Cortina Ana Paula
Published: June 2021

This article endeavors to present the social context in which the schools of the indigenous educational system, among the Ralámuli of the Sierra Tarahumara ravines, find themselves. It seeks to reveal a series of problems faced by both teachers and students, located in a distant, difficult to access and insecure region.  The main argument is that the educational system is built upon discrimination and racism. In light of this situation, there is no real interest in building a quality school, and the social context in which both teachers and students find themselves is not taken into account seriously. This causes a series of consequences that not only have to do with professors and pupils difficulty fulfilling their obligations, but also the system itself exposes them to situations where their physical and moral integrity are at risk which could lead to the death not only of a culture and their life project, but also to their own.
Fitorremediación: Alternativa biotecnológica para recuperar suelos contaminados con DDT. Una revisión
Authors: Mendarte-Alquisira Caliope , Alarcón Alejandro , Ferrera-Cerrato Ronald
Published: June 2021

El DDT (Dicloro Difenil Tricloroetano o 1,1,1-tricloro-2,2-bis-etano) representa un riesgo importante para la salud humana, debido a que se asocia con enfermedades como cáncer de mama, Alzheimer, Parkinson y su acumulación en sangre. Los recientes hallazgos del uso clandestino del DDT como agroquímico hacen necesaria la implementación de tecnologías de recuperación de suelos agrícolas contaminados con este compuesto. La fitorremediación es una tecnología sustentable, que utiliza el potencial de las plantas para remover contaminantes orgánicos e inorgánicos. Esta tecnología es mejorada con la inoculación de microorganismos rizosféricos que median el transporte de nutrientes y degradan compuestos orgánicos como el DDT. Esta revisión recopila información científica de los últimos diez años sobre: fitorremediación y fitorremediación asistida por microorganismos en sitios contaminados por DDT, y sus metabolitos diclorodifenildicloroetileno (DDE) y diclorodifenildicloroetano (DDD. Además, se resaltan los puntos más importantes que hacen de la fitorremediación una estrategia para la recuperación de suelos contaminados con DDT, DDE y DDD.
Application of quantitative electromagnetic technology to asses coating integrity of pipelines in México
Authors: Delgado Rodriguez Omar , Mousatov Aleksandr , Nakamura Labastida Edgar Kiyoshi , Shevnin Vladimir
Published: June 2021

There are several surface inspection methods to evaluate the integrity of the pipe coating, obtaining acceptable qualitative results in some soil types and low complexity pipeline systems. However, these methods do not determine the necessary parameters for a quantitative evaluation of coating quality. The Mexican Petroleum Institute has developed Surface Electromagnetic Pipeline Inspection (SEMPI) technology for the quantitative assessment of buried pipeline coating integrity. SEMPI is a theory-based technology that enables the development of instrumentation, field methodology, as well as data processing and interpretation techniques. The application of SEMPI consists of two stages: regional and local. The regional stage includes magnetic field, voltage and, soil resistivity (rs) measurements, where the main result is the determination of the electrical resistance of the coating (Tc) along the pipeline as an indicating parameter of the coating quality. A scale signalized from Tc data allows classifying the quality of pipe coating as good (green), fair (yellow) and poor (red). The local stage includes detailed electric field measurements of on anomalous pipeline sections (Tc < 50 Ohm.m2), locating damage in the coating with a detection accuracy of the ± 0.5 m. The equivalent unlined (holiday) area per meter of the inspected pipeline is calculated during the local stage. This work presents successful results from the implementation of regional and local stages of SEMPI technology in two pipelines located in the southeast region of Mexico.
Impact of Gut Microbiome Lactobacillus spp. in Brain Function and its Medicament towards Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: John Shani Kunjamma , Chandrapragasam Vani , Dey Pinaki
Published: June 2021

Alzheimer’s disease is neurodegenerative dementia which has significant health complications in the old age group. An imbalance in gut microbiota can influence to cause several diseases like chronic disorders, depression, type II diabetics, and neurological disorders like AD. Aging is one of the major causes of the development of neurodegenerative disease due to the decreasing levels of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and apoptosis. These harmful effects of aging can be prevented by probiotics usage. The gut-microbiota is capable to control the brain function through the gut-brain axis. Lactobacillus strains are considered as beneficial microorganism because of its importance of the maintenance in healthy intestinal microflora, immunomodulation, and intestinal pathogenic intervention. They have diverse applications in the medical field with properties like antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. Probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus strains shows an optimistic trend to use it as a significant therapy for cognitive symptoms. This review article put forwards the significance of the gut-brain axis and the contribution of Lactobacillus strains as a probiotic supplement and its therapeutic innovations for future aspects and the limitation to treat AD-related pathogenesis are briefly elucidated.
Corruption: institutional features, social determinants and consequences
Authors: Egoryshev S. V. , Egorysheva E. A.
Published: June 2021

The article considers the nature, causes, determinants and consequences of corruption. As a form of social deviation of a delinquent nature and as a type of crime, corruption has a destructive effect on all spheres of social life, primarily on their management - by redistributing their resources and by replacing social values and goals with group and personal ones. Corruption affects not only states but also international affairs; therefore, we need active opposition to corruption from the world community: International Anti-Corruption Day was included in the calendars of 187 countries including Russia. According to the World Bank, the annual global amount of bribes is 1 trillion US dollars. For many countries, corruption has become a threat to national security, which makes them seek and use effective and often radical measures to counter corruption, and to conduct comprehensive studies of corruption as an objective and widespread social phenomenon. The authors consider corruption on the basis of an interdisciplinary methodology with an emphasis on institutional and structural-functional approaches, which allowed to identify institutional features of corruption, its structure, functions and social consequences, and to assess the efficiency of anti-corruption measures. The article is based on the statistical data on the dynamics of corruption in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2012-2020, and on the results of the sociological survey conducted by the Institute for Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2020 according to the methodology for assessing corruption described in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation. The survey focused on the problems in the interaction of citizens and employees of state and municipal authorities (everyday corruption), and in the interaction of authorities and business (business corruption) (the corresponding samples were 814 and 300 people). The study of everyday corruption was conducted by individual formalized interviews, of business corruption - by the online survey on the Google Forms.
Social-psychological reasons for the spread of the“AUE” subculture (hidden factors of the problem)
Authors: Khagurov T. A. , Chepeleva L. M.
Published: June 2021

The article identifies the deep causes of the new wave of minors criminalization in the Russian society. The authors considered the expert opinions on this issue and found them inconsistent; described the main forms of behavior associated with the adoption of criminal values - primary, game, and re-criminalization which usually have different social localization; summarized the historical aspects of adolescent criminalization in the Russian society and its social-cultural factors. Based on the analysis of the official statistics and the results of the empirical studies conducted in 2019-2020 within the project Deep causes of teenage (neo)criminalization in contemporary Russia supported by the RFBR, the authors assess the scale of real and virtual criminalization, features of legal outlook, social-psychological well-being, and worldview of criminalized and ordinary teenagers. In addition to the traditionally identified causes of criminalization (social-economic and cultural-educational inequality, deprivation, territorial-geographical specificity, etc.), the authors consider social-cultural factors: first, violations in socialization and child-parental relations - as leading to the deprivation of the need for love and recognition of minors by their parents and to the attempts to compensate this deprivation destructively, with criminal practices; second, the types of minors heroes, which determine the normative and gender inversion and the spread of the criminal subculture - as a source of the surrogate pseudo-masculine discourse. The authors make a conclusion that the prevention of minors criminalization should be based on psychological-pedagogical and social-cultural technologies, the main actors of which are the family, school and state information policy, while the normative-legal technologies of social control, the actors of which are administrative and law enforcement agencies, should focus on the crime-deterrent function.
On the origins of the methodology of social knowledge in Russia: A.S. Lappo-Danilevsky and contemporary discussions
Authors: Vladimirov P. A. , Lebedeva A. V.
Published: June 2021

The article considers those aspects of the development of sociological knowledge in Russia that were determined by the scientific and organizational activities of A.S. Lappo-Danilevsky (1863-1919). His contribution to the development of the Russian social and humanitarian thought is associated mainly with the development of the foundations of history, historiography and source studies, which is widely admitted in scientific works. However, Lappo-Danilevskys contribution to the development of sociology, to the identification of the specifics of its subject and to the creation of a model of systemic courses on the historical reconstruction of sociological knowledge are still widely discussed. The authors consider the creative component of Lappo-Danilevskys legacy and the strategy he developed for creating an interdisciplinary methodology for social sciences. The article aims at describing his contribution to the institutionalization of Russian sociology, which allows not only to clarify the origins of social knowledge in Russia, but also to actualize Lappo-Danilevskys legacy. The authors pose new questions and problematize the research potential of the works of Russian scientists at the turn of the 20th century, which has prospects for supplementing the history and methodology of sociology. The description of the activities of Lappo-Danilevsky - from the development of the institutional foundations of Russian sociology to the clarification of the methodological principles of social knowledge - raises the question of the influence of positivism and neo-Kantianism on the scientific community. On the other hand, the study of the scientific and organizational activities of Lappo-Danilevsky allow to expand the field of history and methodology of sociology by supplementing it with a description of the institutionalization of sociology in Russia. The study of the foundations of sociological knowledge emphasizes three points: creation of methodology, separation from related disciplines, and acceptance of the historical component in the development of academic sociology. The article also mentions contemporary discussions which consider the sociological legacy of Lappo-Danilevsky not only as a historical reconstruction of the development of social knowledge, but also in the interdisciplinary perspective of contemporary sociology.
Complex concepts with varying connotations: In search for conceptual definitions
Authors: Trotsuk I. V.
Published: June 2021

One of the fundamental challenges for sociology is the interpretation of its key terms, which is determined by the fact that many words of everyday language and scientific discourse are the same despite implying a much higher level of generalization as sociological categories. Certainly, such challenges are more typical for the empirical research - when sociologists turn their theoretical concepts into sets of empirical indicators which have to be clear enough for the respondent to understand and answer the questionnaire and for the sociologist to interpret these answers correctly. Nevertheless, the lack of generally recognized conceptual definitions is no less important, because the general picture of social reality is necessarily made of them (the society is described as either fair, consisting of trustworthy institutions that provide opportunities for being happy, or in the opposite statements). The article presents a possible reconstruction of the strategy that sociologists use in the search for conceptual definitions for such complex concepts with varying connotations as love, happiness, trust and justice. This strategy consists of two steps: focus on the macro-sociological dimension of the phenomena under study as determining its various manifestations and everyday interpretations (the key step in the study of love and happiness); and identification of objective and subjective indicators of the phenomenon under study (the key step in the study of trust and justice). For instance, in the study of love and happiness, there is the obvious micro-sociological perspective that implies personal responsibility for being happy and loved, and the hidden macro-sociological perspective that implies social standards for identifying and achieving love and happiness; trust is defined as a source of social order, cooperation, institutional, organizational and everyday interactions, which reduces the level of uncertainty; in the searches for the conceptual definition of justice, there are two main approaches - the first approach considers justice as one of many grounds for developing some theoretical model; the second approach reconstructs justice either as an ideal political-philosophical model of social order or as a means of the comparative analysis of its practical implementations.
Applied translation studies and transdisciplinary action research: Understanding, learning and transforming translation in professional contexts
Authors: Massey Gary
Published: June 2021

Proceeding from accepted shared definitions of applied linguistics that stress its practical, real-world orientation and instrumentality, this article seeks to move the focus from the interdisciplinarity that has been identified as the nexus of translation studies in the past to how its applied branches should systematically engage with an emerging transdisciplinary research paradigm. It argues that the shift can and will be a key factor, challenge and opportunity in the onward development of applied translation studies as it seeks to adequately address the situated realities of professional translation. The article reveals how transdisciplinarity, operationalised as action research, offers a viable framework for investigating, understanding and learning about what translators really do in working contexts and settings, with a view to identifying issues, improving practices, processes and performance, and ultimately transforming the profession for the good of those it employs and serves. In doing so, it considers approaches from cognitive translatology, based largely on a 4EA cognitive paradigm, and translatorial linguistic ethnography, where researchers are gradually but progressively going out into the field to explore and describe the complex socio-cognitive, socio-technical activity of translation in situ. After presenting a use case from a large-scale research project on translation ergonomics at the authors home institution, the article puts forward a model for transdisciplinary action research in professional settings to guide the necessary transition from interdisciplinarity to transdisciplinarity. Such a model would allow professional processes and practices to be investigated, and the findings productively and transformatively applied, in the situated socio-cognitive and socio-technical contexts of translators workplaces - within, for, with and by the organisations that employ them.
A Program for the Preservation and Revitalization of the Languages of Russia
Authors: Kibrik Andrej A.
Published: June 2021

This article presents the Program for the Preservation and Revitalization of the Languages of Russia proposed by the Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences (the Program). The Program is based on knowledge accumulated in linguistics in domains such as linguistic diversity, language endangerment, and language preservation methods. According to a recent assessment, there are 150 to 160 languages of Russia. This number of languages, even though quite high, is manageable for a national language preservation Program. Languages are rapidly becoming extinct worldwide, and Russia is no exception to this trend. The following terms are used to categorize languages according to risk of extinction: safe languages, endangered languages, severely endangered languages, and nearly extinct languages. There are several important humanitarian and scientific reasons for engaging in language preservation. The central idea of the Program is to boost intergenerational language transmission wherever feasible. Various approaches to different language situations are envisaged, including enlightenment campaigns, language nests, and language documentation. Three necessary conditions for language revitalization include engaging local activists, administrative and financial support, and the scientific validity of the methodology. The Programs 12-year roadmap is split into three stages. There are a number of favorable factors making the Program feasible, as well as a number of potential obstacles. We have a historic opportunity to preserve languages spoken in Russia, and this is an opportunity that must be used.
Language education from a post-native-speakerist perspective: The case of English as an international language
Authors: Hino Nobuyuki
Published: June 2021

Language education has traditionally been based on native-speakerism, which is defined in the present article, by simplifying Hollidays original definition, as a belief in the authority or superiority of native speakers. With the prevalence of native-speakerism, it tends to be taken for granted that non-native speakers should strive to accommodate themselves to native speaker models. However, in todays globalized world, such a conventional attitude is quickly becoming outdated. Above all, a most serious problem with native-speakerism is that it suppresses the freedom of thought and expression as fundamental human rights. Drawing on the case of English as an international language, this study aims to analyze the need for post-native-speakerism (a term attributed to Houghton and Hashimoto) in language teaching, or the need for relativizing native speaker norms for language learners. After illustrating major issues of native-speakerism, three theoretical paradigms for post-native-speakerism in global Englishes are presented, namely EIL (English as an International Language), WE (World Englishes), and ELF (English as a Lingua Franca), along with a prospect for integrating those different frameworks especially for pedagogical purposes. Then, educational objectives are summarized in terms of language skills, followed by the authors own examples of teaching methodologies and actual classroom practices in higher education. Several key concepts for EIL education emerge from these pedagogical efforts, including authenticity and critical literacy. In view of the urge to embrace diversity in the world today, this paper argues that post-native-speakerism is of vital importance as it allows language users to express their true selves in global communication. While many of the discussions in the present article stem from linguacultural and educational situations in Japan, it is assumed that the insights should often be applicable also to other Expanding Circle, or EFL (English as a Foreign Language), countries such as Russia and China.
Review of Lucia Abbamonte. 2018. Black Lives Matter. Newcastle, Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1527506572
Authors: Ponton Douglas Mark
Published: June 2021

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Repair Café como resposta social aos efeitos deletérios da obsolescência programada
Authors: Martarello Rafael de Almeida
Published: June 2021

O fenômeno de obsolescência programada que tem sido o principal indutor do consumo na atual dinâmica mercantil e traz consigo um conjunto de efeitos negativos intrínsecos que alcançam dimensões de caráter ambiental e econômica, afeta, inclusive, a organização social e a própria saúde pública. Este trabalho objetiva examinar o Repair Café como uma experiência social de oposição frente a este fenômeno. Para isto é realizado um estudo exploratório-descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, por sua vez, os procedimentos técnicos utilizados foram pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e estudo de caso. Ao retratar criticamente as implicações da prática este estudo aponta o Repair Café como uma viável forma de resistência e repressão à prática de obsolescência programada.
“Cuidado, meu bem, há perigo na esquina”: posicionamento e identidade de marca na campanha o novo sempre vem
Authors: Tissot Júlia Moschen , Barth Mauricio , Sanfelice Gustavo Roese
Published: June 2021

Uma mesma imagem é capaz de transmitir inúmeras interpretações, com significantes e significados que variam de acordo com a ótica de quem a interpreta. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, a partir do prisma imagético, a peça audiovisual principal que compõe a primeira campanha institucional desenvolvida pela fintech brasileira Nubank. Foram analisadas as mensagens icônicas e simbólicas presentes no vídeo divulgado pela marca no Youtube, tendo como base a teoria da análise da imagem de Roland Barthes (1990). Ao final do estudo, as análises detalhadas dos keyframes permitiram o conhecimento da mensagem que a marca desejou comunicar, assim como detalhes de seu posicionamento e da sua identidade de marca.
Editorial da Revista Diálogo com a Economia Criativa
Authors: Rodrigues Marco Aurelio de Souza
Published: June 2021

Editorial
Visualização de dados em exposição: um convite à reflexão à transformação. Entrevista com Barbara Castro
Authors: Amato Leonardo
Published: June 2021

Os dados fazem parte do cotidiano de todos, são números e informações que nos permitem interpretar e decidir como agir a partir desta nova consciência. Em 2019, foi realizada na Casa Firjan, no Rio de Janeiro, a exposição “Data Corpus - A vida decodificada”, uma imersão interativa sobre o universo dos dados. Esta entrevista foi realizada com Barbara Castro, profissional de visualização de dados e co-curadora da exposição.
Golden girls and silver surfers: a descoberta do consumidor senior no século XX
Authors: Trentmann Frank
Published: June 2021

Palestra
Early insurance coverage of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor for cystic fibrosis in children 6 to 11 years of age
Authors: Anderson Ashlee , McCoy Lindsey , Pettit Rebecca , Wright Brittany , Lubsch Lisa
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) is a highly
effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)
modulator therapy (HEMT) originally approved in 2019 for use in patients
12 years of age and older with at least one F508del mutation or a
mutation in the CFTR gene that is responsive based on in vitro data.
This report describes coverage of ELX/TEZ/IVA for CF in children 6 to 11
years of age prior to the recent age expansion by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA). Methods: An email was sent to pharmacists and
pharmacy technicians through the CF Foundation LISTSERV and all
responses regarding ELX/TEZ/IVA use in children 6 to 11 years of age
were collected. Results: A total of 65 children from 15 CF care centers
were included in the study. A total of 55 children had early coverage of
ELX/TEZ/IVA for an overall approval rate of 84.6%. The median time to
approval was 15 days. Lung function and weight outcomes were also
positive. Conclusions: Early insurance coverage of ELX/TEZ/IVA for CF in
children 6 to 11 years was achieved regardless of insurance type and
should be considered an option for patients in need of HEMT therapy.
Energy dissipation of ordinary concrete under discontinuous cyclic compression tests and numerical simulations for the residual stress
Authors: Fan Jinyang , Liu Wenhao , JIANG Deyi , CHEN Jie , Ngaha William Tiedeu
Published: June 2021

This paper presents an experimental investigation of ordinary concrete
under discontinuous cyclic compression tests and numerical simulations
for the residual stress. Stress cycles in discontinuous cyclic
compression tests were interrupted by zero or very low loading intervals
(ZLIs). Fatigue tests showed that the dissipated energy and the
unloading deformation modulus of a cycle after the ZLI ( A cycle)
were significantly larger than those of the cycle before the ZLI (
B cycle). The dissipated energy and the unloading deformation
modulus both increased with the increase of the stress level. The
mechanism of discontinuous fatigue results from the effect of the
residual stress which is caused by the uncoordinated mechanical
response. Simulations showed that stress concentration occurs on the
interface between the aggregate and the main material. The greater the
elasticity modulus difference between the aggregate and the main
material, the larger the residual stress and plastic deformation.
Longer-term Outcomes after Bicuspid Aortic Valve Repair in 142 Patients
Authors: Safari Mojyan , Monsefi Nadejda , Karimian-Tabrizi Afsaneh , Miskovic Aleksandra , Vanlinden A , Moritz Anton , Walther Thomas , Holubec Tomas
Published: June 2021

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the longer-term results
of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) repair with or without aortic root
replacement. Methods From 1999 to 2017, 142 patients with or without
aortic root dilatation who underwent repair of a regurgitant BAV were
included in the study. Ninety-four patients underwent isolated BAV
repair (Group 1; mean age 45±14 years) and 48 patients underwent
valve-sparing aortic root replacement plus BAV repair (aortic valve
reimplantation – Group 2; mean age 49±13 years. Median follow-up time
was 5.9 years (range 0.5-15) in Group 1 and 3 years (range 0.5-16) in
Group 2, respectively. Results In-hospital mortality was 1% in group 1,
and 2% in Group 2 (p=0.6). The 5- and 10-year survival was 93±2.9% and
81±5.8% in Group 1 and 96±3.1% and 96±3.1% in Group 2, respectively
(p=0.31). Eleven patients of Group 1 (1.7% /patient-year) and 5
patients of Group 2 (2.2%/patient-year) underwent reoperation of the
aortic valve (p=0.5). The 5- and 10-year freedom from reoperation were
93.0±2.1% and 77.1±7.1% in Group 1 and 93.0±5.0% and 76.7±9.6% in
Group 2 (p=0.83), respectively. At latest follow-up only 2 patients of
Group 1 and 1 patient of Group 2 had AR=2° (p=0.7). The cumulative
linearized incidence of all valve-related complications (bleeding,
stroke, endocarditis, reoperation) was 2.9%/patient-year in Group 1 and
4%/patient-year in Group 2, respectively (p=0.6). Conclusions Isolated
BAV repair and combined aortic valve reimplantation plus BAV repair
provide good clinical longer-term outcomes with relatively low
reoperation rate and durable valve function.