bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Features of a Complex Vision of the World
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Svirsky Yakov I.
Published: October 2021

Today, almost all spheres of human existence are interpreted – directly or indi­rectly – as permanently becoming, interpreted from a processing point of view realities that do not imply either final fixation or predetermined ultimate goals or states. The world appears not so much in the form of difficult composite dy­namic formation in mechanistic sense, but in the form of mobile, continuously becoming environment, which presupposes special technical researches and ways of staying in it. Such techniques and methods lead to the formation of a non-trivial vision of the universe. And such a vision, aimed at comprehending of emerging realities, presupposing conceptual shifts in modern natural science, technology, humanitarian activity, and more broadly in the very perception of na­ture and society, V.I. Arshinov endows with the epithet “complexity”. In the pro­posed text, a small fragment from the creative heritage of one of the most influ­ential philosophers J. Simondon will be considered, allowing to partially reveal the features of such complexitly oriented thinking. The central theme of Simon­don's philosophical strategy is the conceptualization of how the becomings of beings are realized, or how beings (inanimate, living, technical, mental, social) are individuated. Simondon begins the discussion of this plot with criticism of the hylemorphic scheme, which posits the genetic principle of existence in the form-matter dichotomy and, above all, in the interpretation and theoretical use of such a dichotomy by Aristotle, since, according to Simondon, it was this pair that contributed to the formation of a static view on the world, man and society. In different performances, the form-matter dichotomy can be interpreted in the form of mind-body dichotomies, artificial-natural, living-nonliving, etc. Note that Simondon begins his criticism with the technological substantiation of the hylemorphic scheme, referring to the operation of making a parallelepiped brick from clay
Philosophy Facing Cognitive Studies
Authors:   nstitute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lektorsky Vladislav A.
Published: October 2021

The stage of world civilization, into which humankind entered and within which it is developing today, was called the information society, then the knowledge society. Today, more and more people are talking about digital civilization. Of course, there are differences between information and knowledge, and digitaliza­tion speaks not about the information itself but about the ways of encoding it. However, it must be admitted that all these names are essentially related to one phenomenon. The point is that the production, dissemination, and use of knowl­edge (and it is, of course, information, although not every information is knowl­edge) began to play a new and exclusive role in all forms of human life. The author has analyzed three types of relations between philosophical and sci­entific study of cognition and mind: 1. Philosophy ignores the results of cogni­tive disciplines, as it deals with meanings and norms of cognition in distinction from cognitive sciences which study the mechanisms of cognitive processes; 2. Philosophy is considered as a general part of cognitive science: “naturaliza­tion” of philosophy; 3. Philosophy and cognitive sciences are in a constant dia­logue which presupposes cross-fertilization and mutual criticism. Philosophy holds its normative role, as it analyzes the presuppositions of conceptions in cog­nitive sciences and evaluates them. The author argues the thesis that it is the third type of such relations that is the most fruitful.
The Principle of Self-Determination of Peoples High and Low
Authors:   National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Kashnikov Boris N.
Published: October 2021

The subject matter of this article is the principle of Self-Determination of Peo­ples of the contemporary international law. The principle is scrutinized both his­torically through its inner historical transformation and logically, through the analysis of its inner normative logic. The problem related to this principle is that it belongs simultaneously to three realms, those of politics, law and morals, containing different meanings. These meanings often do contradict each other and it happens differently on different stages of the historical transformation. The three major stages of the development of the principle (from the First World War up to the end of the Second; from the end of the Second World war up to the demise of the Soviet Union; and from the demise of the Soviet Union up to now) were continuously the stages of predominantly political, legal and moral. Each of the stages was reflecting the characteristic illusion of its time and was founded on the unique combination of the dominant meanings of the principle, which was enabling the principle to play its practical role. At the same time there are clear indications that the principle is incapable to play its cardinal proper role of the universal moral principle when it comes to it. This becomes crystal clear at the third stage of the development and which is trigger­ing unprecedented political violence of the contemporary movements of self-determination and secession
Alexander Bogdanov at the Institute of the Scientific Philosophy: from the Decline of the Philosophy to the Scientific Monism
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sidorin Vladimir V.
Published: October 2021

The author considers the activity of Alexander A. Bogdanov as a full member of the Institute of Scientific Philosophy, established in 1921. Special attention is paid to the line of radical denial of the actual meaning of philosophy, what was characteristic for Bogdanov’s works of those years. This topic was manifested in the article “From Religious Monism to Scientific One”, which was read at the Institute in February 1923 as Bogdanov’s scientific report. Presenting the devel­opment of human knowledge as a change of historical forms of monism based on the evolution of labor practice and the inherent desire to coordinate cognitive ac­tivity, Bogdanov proclaimed the advent of the era of scientific monism and pre­sented his own “universal organization science” as a means of the future real unity of collective experience. The political campaign against Bogdanov con­ducted throughout the 1920s also affected his activities at the Institute of Scien­tific Philosophy: the thinker was removed from the staff, and the possibilities of his philosophical work had been narrowing more and more every year. However, despite the pressure Bogdanov continued to work at the Institute, taking part, in particular, in the heated discussions around Spinoza and Bergson’s philoso­phies, which marked the beginning of a new round of polemics among “mecha­nists” and “dialectics”. The most important research interests of Bogdanov in the last years of his life were also philosophical problems of biology, the foundations of natural science knowledge, the methodological basis of the theory of relativ­ity. Thus, the scientific activity of A.A. Bogdanov as a full member of the Insti­tute reflected almost all the philosophical topics and problems that were signifi­cant for him at that time
Effects of different years of natural recovery of Gastrodia elata on the community structure of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere soil
Authors: Long Long lan ping , Luo Luo fu lai
Published: October 2021

Background: There are serious obstacles to continuous cropping of Gastrodia elata. After continuous cropping of Gastrodia elata, the yield will be greatly reduced, or even no harvest. Soil nutrients and microorganisms play an important role in it. There are few related studies on the effects of natural restoration of the rhizosphere soil of Gastrodia elata on the structure of soil bacteria and fungi for different years.Results: In this study, a combination of Illumina Miseq library preparation and high-throughput sequencing technology was used. The soil that had not been planted with Gastrodia elata was used as a control to study the characteristics of soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere of Gastrodia elata from 0 to 5 years of natural restoration, and Correlation between soil characteristics and fungal and bacterial communities. The results showed that (1) The dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of Gastrodia elata are roteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria, and the most important bacterial genera are norank_f_Xanthobacteraceae and Bradyrhizobium. The dominant fungal phyla are Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, and the main fungal genera are Mortierella and Trichoderma. The bacterial and fungal community composition in the rhizosphere soil of Gastrodia elata and the soil without Gastrodia elata planted are not much different, but the community structure and relative abundance are quite different. (2) The Chao index, Shannon index and Invsimpson index of Gastrodia elata rhizosphere soil show an increasing trend with the increase of the natural restoration period, indicating that natural restoration for a certain period of time will increase the diversity and abundance of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of Gastrodia elata Increase. (3) With the increase of the natural restoration period, the total nitrogen and pH content of the rhizosphere soil of Gastrodia elata showed an increasing trend. total nitrogen has the greatest influence on the bacterial community structure, and the influence of pH on the fungal community structure ranks No. Second, in the top three phyla with relative content, total nitrogen is positively correlated with Actinobacteria, and pH is positively correlated with Mortierellomycota.Conclusion: After 3 years of natural restoration, the soil environment gradually returns to normal, and the microbial community tends to balance; in addition, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis shows that total nitrogen has the greatest impact on the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere soil of Gastrodia elata, and total phosphorus has the greatest impact on the fungal community structure. The results provide a theoretical basis for the development of new type microbial fertilizers and soil amendments for Gastrodia elata to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.
Assessment of Environmental Pollution of Heavy Metals Deposited on the Leaves of Trees in Yazd Bus Terminals
Authors: esfandiari motahareh , Hakimzadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2021

There is a lack of information about urban transport activity in adding heavy elements to the environment. This research assesses concentration some of heavy elements in the deposited atmospheric dust in Yazd bus terminals. Dust samples were collected from the green space in the bus terminals of urban transportation. Following the digestion by nitric acid, determination of the total metal concentration of cadmium(Cd), cobalt(Co), copper(Cu), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), zinc(Zn), chromium (Cr), and manganese(Mn) in the dust were performed via Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The map representing the spatial distribution of metals was plotted and their source was identified using Pearson correlation coefficients, Principal Component Analysis(PCA), and Cluster Analysis(CA). The findings indicated that the mean concentration of heavy metals in the deposited dust on the leaves of the trees was in the following order; Cd < Co < Ni < Pb < Cu < Zn < Cr < Mn. The map representing the spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations indicated that the abundance of metals in different stations varies according to their location. Two important sources for the concentration of heavy metals in the deposited dust on the leaves were identified. The sources of Co, Cd, Mn, and Ni were anthropogenic and lithogenic, and the sources of Pb, Zn, Cr and Cu were the traffic and industrial activities. The amounts of EF, CF, IPI and, RI Indicators in residential, commercial, green space and environmental uses were estimated at low to extremely high levels of pollution. The findings showed that the growth of industrialization and human activities had caused contamination of the environment by heavy metals emitted into the atmosphere of Yazd.
Challenges in establishing positive mental health effects of a school-based intervention: a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a life skill program in ten public high schools in Norway
Authors: Sælid Gry Anette , Czajkowski Nikolai Olavi , Aarø Leif Edvard , Idsøe Thormod , Helleseter Miguel Delgado , Holte Arne
Published: October 2021

Schools are well positioned for large scale promotion of mental health among young people. We tested the MindPower program delivered universally in the classroom to strengthen self-efficacy, self-esteem, and quality of life in high school students. We used a cluster randomized two-groups delayed intervention design. Participants where 1,673 out of 2,384 students, aged 15–16 years, in all the 110 first year high school classes in a county in Norway, randomized into two intervention groups, IG1 and IG2. IG1 started with MindPower. IG2 waited for four months to participate. Seven repeated measures were conducted with Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (short version), General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (short version), and Warwick Edinburg Mental Wellbeing Scale. Self-efficacy level was compared to scores from a large comparable population study, locally and nationally (UngData). Mixed model analyses adjusted for cluster effects showed no significant increase in the three measures from start to five to nine months follow up. Self-efficacy level was approximately the same as the one found in UngData. The universal implementation in schools was a great challenge and attrition was comprehensive. MindPower did not strengthen students’ levels of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and quality of life, partly because the initial levels were already high (ceiling effect). In spite of careful preparations, fidelity was low and attrition high. Results should therefore be interpreted with caution. Learning points in implementing and conducting class based universal mental health programs in high school are discussed comprehensively. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03647826. The 27.08.2018. Retrospectively registered.
Effect of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy on Long-term Quality of Life in Patients with Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Yun , Peng Hewei , Guo Qiaojuan , Guo Lanyan , Zong Jingfeng , Chen Bijuan , Xu Hanchuan , Pan Jianji , Peng Xian-E , Lin Shaojun
Published: October 2021

Background: Previous study revealed that prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) maintain nutritional status of patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). We aimed to further investigate the effect of PEG on the long-term quality of life of patients with LA-NPC. Methods: Patients with LA-NPC were selected and divided into PEG and non-PEG groups. The QLQ-C30 scores, incidence of adverse effects, weight and xerostomia recovery were compared between the two groups.Results: No statistically significant difference in the scores of each QLQ-C30 scales between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of xerostomia was higher in the PEG group than in the non-PEG group (P=0.044), but no significant difference in the incidence of the remaining adverse effects as well as in weight and dry mouth recovery (P>0.05). Conclusion: PEG seems not to have a detrimental effect on long-term quality of life, including the swallowing function of NPC patients.
"Research On Design and Manufacturing Challenges of Transmit Receive Modules Using Advanced Quality Assurance Tools and Quality Control Techniques"
Authors: Basha Mustaq , Ware Nilesh R
Published: October 2021

Quality in supply chain Management is based upon a closed loop feedback system which provides solid and consistent feedback mechanism throughout the design, development and manufacturing stages of the product life cycle deployment [1,2]. To cope with the challenges of product quality design applied in supply chain management (starting from product quality design moves beyond local enterprise into supply chain, which is dynamic, trans-department, trans- regional and collaborative), a new design mode of product quality was generated which integrates Quality Functional Deployment (QFD) and FMEA in the product design and development process in supply chain management system for industry 4.0 requirements[3,4]. QFD provides a comprehensive, systematic approach to ensure that requirement chain captured was from need assessment to design, development and manufacturing process of the product meeting or exceeding the customer expectations among the best of the best competitors[5,6]. The objective of the Research was to study and understand the key factors that result in the successful application of QFD in dynamically varying supply chain management scenarios. QFD is not used only for a manufacturer but several customers and stakeholders to provide adequate knowledge about product/process failure modes and there impacts. In QFD each and every part, process especially the support technologies for implementing collaboration were analyzed and studied. By applying advanced tools to the system with the open source are often used to enhance the communication function, improve working efficiency and shorten the development cycle so as to respond to the fluctuation of market demands as quick as possible[7,8]. A case study is used to study the Quality function deployment technique that can be used in the processing development of designing and producing Transmit/Receive Modules(TRMs) for active phased array radars to make it more reliable and more robust than existing modules to improve customer satisfaction.From the Pareto chart of Technical Descriptor and Importance we can see that Design capabilities and Design verification test got around 60 % of importance for improvement of T/R modules.So, our focus should be to implement Reliability and quality at design phase and have to validate it much prior hardware design and development for which we need use some design tool before testing like, QFD, FMEA, Benchmarking and Ansys Sherlock which uses Physics of failure method.
Wild Type and Variants of Sars-Cov-2 in Parisian Sewage: Dynamics in Raw Water and Fate in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: VIVEROS Melissa LOPEZ , AZIMI Sam , PICHON Elodie , ROOSE-AMSALEG Céline , BIZE Ariane , DURANDET Franz , ROCHER Vincent
Published: October 2021

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been extensively reported at the influent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) worldwide and its monitoring has been proposed as a potential surveillance tool to early alert of epidemic outbreaks. However, the fate of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the treatment process of WWTP has not been widely studied yet; therefore in this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of treatment processes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in wastewater. The treatment process of three WWTPs of the Parisian area in France were monitored on six different weeks over a period of two months (from April 14th to June 9th 2021). SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies were detected using digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR). Investigation on the presence of variants of concern (Del69-70E484 and L452R) was also performed. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads in the WWTPs influents were expressed as the viral charge per population equivalent and showed a good correlation with French public health indicators (incidence rate). SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads were notably reduced along the water treatment lines of the three WWTPs studied (2.5-3.4 log). Finally, very low SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads were detected in effluents (non-detected in over half of the samples) which indicated that the potential health risk of the release of wastewater effluents to the environment is probably insignificant, in the case of WWTPs enabling an efficient biological removal of nitrogen.
Effect of Single Session Receptive Music Therapy on Anxiety and Vital Parameters in Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Giordano Filippo , Losurdo Antonella , Quaranta Vitaliano , Campobasso Nicla , Daleno Antonio , Carpagnano Elisiana , Gesualdo Loreto , Moschetta Antonio , Brienza Nicola
Published: October 2021

Hospitalized COVID-19 patients are vulnerable to different degrees of stress disorders as well as depression, anxiety and fear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of introducing Music therapy (MT) on site with Covid-19 patients and investigating the immediate effects a single session has on anxiety, heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (O2Sat) and satisfaction compared to standard care. A randomized controlled trial of 40 patients was conducted. Participants were assigned to control group (CG) or the MT group (MG). MG received an individual single session of music therapy in presence. CG received standard care. MG and CG were subjected to identical measurements (pre-during-post) of the parameters STAI-Y, HR and O2Sat. Participants in MG were asked to fill in an optional open-ended question concerning their experience with MT.
Significant difference in anxiety levels between scores in MG and CG (34.50 (23.25 - 40.00) vs 45.00(38, 25 - 54.00); p = 0.000) was observed. MG compared to CG had statistically significantly higher values of O2Sat (97.50 (96.25 - 99.00) versus 96.00 (96.00- 98.00); p = 0.026).
Results show the feasibility of introducing MT as a supporting complementary/non-pharmacological intervention on site in Covid-19 patients. A single session of MT improves O2Sat and can significantly reduce anxiety.
Three-Dimensional Walnut-Like, Hierarchically Zn-MOF Microsphere: One-Pot Synthesis, Characterization And Its Application as a Green Catalyst For The Asymmetric Hantzsch Synthesis of Polyhydroquinolines
Authors: Ramish Sayed Mohammad , Ghorbani-Choghamarani Arash , Mohammadi Masoud
Published: October 2021

A three-dimensional walnut-like, microsphere Zn-based MOFs system was designed and synthesized via hydrothermal reaction of zinc salt with 4,6-diamino-2-pyrimidinethiol as a tridentate ligand. Besides, Zn ions were coordinated to the ligand’s functional groups to give a novel Zn-MOF microsphere material. Afterward, the resultant material was thoroughly characterized by various analysis and physico-chemical methods; including, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, EDX, X-ray mapping, SEM, TEM, and BET analysis. The Zn-MOF microspheres were utilized in the Hantzsch reaction for selective synthesis of asymmetric polyhydroquinolines, using various aromatic aldehydes. Our strategy provides a way for controlled synthesis of the hierarchically nanoporous Zn-MOF microspheres with well-defined morphology, structure, and excellent catalytic properties, resulting in having a promising heterogeneous catalyst for a selective synthesis with good yields in the short reaction time and a low limit of steric hindrance and electronic effects. Besides, the heterogeneity of the catalyst is further tested with hot filtration and also the reusability results point.
Building Global Capacity for COVID-19 Vaccination Through Interactive Virtual Learning
Authors: Goldin Shoshanna , Hood Nancy , Pascutto Alexandre , Bennett Celine , de Lima Ana Carolina Barbosa , Devereaux Nicole , Caric Aleksandra , Rai Karan , Desai Shalini , Lindstrand Ann , Struminger Bruce
Published: October 2021

Background
To support the introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine, the World Health Organization and its partners developed an interactive virtual learning initiative through which vaccination stakeholders could receive the latest guidance, ask questions, and share their experiences. This initiative, implemented between 9 February 2021 and 15 June 2021, included virtual engagement between technical experts and participants during a 15-session interactive webinar series as well as web and SMS-messaging discussions in English and French.
Methods
This article uses a mixed-methods approach to analyze survey data collected following each webinar and a post-series survey conducted after the series had concluded. Participant data was tracked for each session and feedback surveys were conducted after each session to gauge experience quality and content usability. Chi-square tests were used to compare results across professions (health workers, public health practitioners, and other).
Results
The COVID-19 Vaccination: Building Global Capacity webinar series reached participants in 181 countries or 93% of the WHO Member States; 78% of participants were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). More than 60% of participants reported using the resources provided during the sessions and 47% reported sharing these resources with colleagues. More than 79% of participants stated that this initiative significantly improved their confidence in preparing for and rolling out COVID-19 vaccinations; an additional 20.3% stated that the initiative “somewhat” improved their confidence. In the post-series survey, 70% of participants reported that they will “definitely use” the knowledge derived from this learning series in their work; an additional 19.7% will “probably use” and 8.6% would “possibly use” this knowledge in their work.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 Vaccination: Building Global Capacity learning initiative used a digital model of dynamic, interactive learning at scale. The initiative enhanced the WHO’s ability to disseminate knowledge, normative guidance, and best practices to COVID-19 vaccination stakeholders in real-time. This approach allowed the WHO to hear the information needs of stakeholders and respond by developing guidance, tools, and trainings to support COVID-19 vaccine introduction. The WHO and its partners can learn from this capacity-building experience and apply best practices for digital interactive learning to other health programmes moving forward.
Investigation of the Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
Authors: SUN Qingli , FAN Dongsheng
Published: October 2021

Background: This study aimed to explore the differences in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) as well as their relationship with the onset of the diseases.Methods: The clinical data, laboratory findings, and imaging data of patients with NMOSD admitted to Perking University Third Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Routine blood tests of patients performed within one week of the appearance of new clinical symptoms or imaging lesions were collected to calculate the NLR and PLR. The routine blood test of the patients in remission was performed more than 6 months after the patients stopped hormone use. The NLR and PLR of patients were compared with those of 100 healthy subjects undergoing physical examinations.Results: A total of 55 patients with NMOSD were enrolled. 44 patients with NMOSD were followed up. In patients with NMOSD, the white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count, and NLR were significantly higher than those in patients in remission and the controls, while the absolute lymphocyte count was significantly lower than that in patients in remission and the controls. In patients with NMOSD in remission, there were no statistically significant differences in the WBC count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, or NLR compared with the controls. The PLR of patients with NMOSD in the attack stage was significantly higher than that of the controls, while the PLR of patients with NMOSD in remission was not significantly different from that of the attack stage and the controls. There were no statistically significant differences between APQ4 (+) and APQ4 (-) in patients with NMOSD at the attack stage in the WBC count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, platelet count, NLR or PLR. ROC analysis of NLR and PLR for the diagnosis of inflammatory changes in NMOSD at the attack stage and controls: The ROC curve was plotted using NLR and PLR as dependent variables. In patients with NMOSD, the AUC was 0.806 for NLR and 0.612 for PLR. ROC analysis of NLR and PLR for the diagnosis of inflammatory changes in NMOSD at the attack stage and remission stage. The AUC was 0.728 for NLR and 0.594 for PLR.Conclusion: Patients with NMOSD had significantly higher WBC counts, absolute neutrophil counts and NLRs, and elevated NLRs were correlated with inflammatory activity in NMOSD.
Health-Promoting Factors Among Students in Higher Education within Health Care and Social Work: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Baseline Data in a Multicentre Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ahlstrand Inger , Larsson Ingrid , Larsson Margaretha , Ekman Aimée , Hedén Lena , Laakso Katja , Lindmark Ulrika , Nunstedt Håkan , Oxelmark Lena , Pennbrant Sandra , Sundler Annelie J , Hallgren Jenny
Published: October 2021

Background: Educational environments are considered important for strengthening students’ health status and knowledge, which is associated with good educational outcomes. It has been suggested to establish healthy universities based on a salutogenic approach—namely, health promotion. The aim of this study was to describe health-promoting resources and factors among first-semester students in higher education in healthcare and social work.Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on a survey provided to all students in seven healthcare and social work programmes from six universities in southern Sweden. The survey was performed in 2018 using a self-reported, web-based questionnaire focussing on general health and well-being, lifestyle factors and three validated instruments measuring health-promoting factors and processes—the Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS) and Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ).Results: Of 2283 students, 851 completed the survey, where 742 (87.1%) were women; 722 students participated in healthcare programmes, and 129 students participated in social work programmes. Most reported good general health and well-being (88.1% and 83.7%, respectively). The total mean scores for the SOC scale, SHIS and OBQ were 59.09 (SD = 11.78), 44.04 (SD = 9.38) and 26.40 (SD = 7.07), respectively. Well-being and several health-promoting lifestyle factors were related to better general health and higher SOC, SHIS and OBQ scores. Multiple linear and logistic regressions showed that perceived well-being and no sleeping problems significantly predicted higher general health and higher SOC, SHIS and OBQ scores. Being less sedentary and non-smoking habits were significant predictors of higher SOC.Conclusions: Swedish students in higher education within the healthcare and social work sector report good general health and well-being in the first semester, as well as health-promoting resources (i.e. SOC, SHIS and OBQ), and in some aspects, a healthy lifestyle. High-intensity exercise, no sleeping problems and non-smoking seem to be of importance to both general health and health-promotive resources. This study contributes to the health promotive characteristics of students in the healthcare and social work sectors, which is of importance for planning universities with a salutogenic approach.
Albumin Paclitaxel Plus Platinum With or Without Pembrolizumab for Metastatic Primary Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma: a Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Bao Hejing , Ma LingZhen , Lin Xiaoli , Zhang Boshen , Zhang Juan , Peng Guibao , Lin Xiaotong , Fang Yinhua , Bao Hehong , Ma Shudong
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PPLELC) is a rare subtype of primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the first-line therapy for metastatic PPLELC patients remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) combined with chemotherapy(CT) compared with traditional chemotherapy in these patients.
Methods

A total of 168 patients with metastatic PPLELC came from six grade A hospitals from August 2018 to August 2020 were selected. 17 patients were enrolled in the ICI group and received 200mg of Pembrolizumab plus albumin paclitaxel and carboplatin every 3 weeks. 34 patients with chemotherapy alone were assigned to the CT group and received albumin-paclitaxel combined with carboplatin every 3 weeks.
Results

As of June 1, 2021, the median PFS was 14.9 months for ICI group and 6.4 months for CT group [Hazard Ratio (HR), 0.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.15-0.55; P < 0.05]. ORR was 64.7% in ICI group and 35.3% in CT group [HR, 0.65; 95%CI, 0.39-0.90; P=0.047]. The median OS of ICI group was not reached, while that of CT group was 13 months. In the ICI group, there were 8 cases (47.1%) of grade 3 treatment-related adverse reactions and 5 cases (29.4%) of grade 4 treatment-related adverse reactions. In the CT group, there were 9 cases (26.5%) of grade 3 treatment-related adverse reactions and 8 cases (23.5%) grade 4 treatment-related adverse reactions. FBXW7 mutation were negatively and TP53 mutation, MRE11A p.V198S mutation, PTEN p.T319FS mutation were positively correlated with the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Conclusions

In patients with metastatic PPLELC, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy was significantly better than that of chemotherapy alone, and adverse reactions were acceptable.
Economic Benefit of Coastal ‘Blue Carbon’ Stocks in Moroccan Lagoon Ecosystem: A Case Study From Moulay Bousselham lagoon
Authors: kacem Hicham Ait , Bouroubi Yacine , Khomalli Youssef , Yaagoubi Soukaina El , Maanan Mohamed , Rhinane Hassan , Maanan Mehdi
Published: October 2021

Land degradation is a problem that increasingly affects large areas of territories and affects various ecosystem services provided by coastal wetlands. These marine ecosystems provide valuable benefits to the environment and to humans, including services such as coastal blue carbon sequestration (CBCS) the economic value of which is still poorly understood. This paper investigated land use/cover (LULC) changes in Moulay Bousselham lagoon (MBL) from 1971 to 2020 and their effects on CBCS variation. The transformation of LULC and their cumulative conversions in coastal wetlands were studied during the 1971-2010 and 2010-2020 periods based on LULC data. Then the InVEST model was used to quantify the carbon storage provided by coastal ecosystems in response to LULC changes. The results show that the overall area of strictly wetland habitats in the MBL has decreased by 8.83% since 1971. There were 94 types of LULC transformation over 1971-2020, with significant wetland losses marked by the conversion of wet lawn and juncus meadow to cropland. Using recent estimates of social cost of carbon (SCC) and CO2 European Emission Allowances (EUA), the monetary value of CBCS service was calculated over the entire lagoon during the study period to reach gains between 371,053 and 3,803,295US$/y and losses between -10,127 and -103,806US$/y. If current trends of habitat loss continue, the capacity of coastal habitats to sequester and store CO2 will be significantly reduced. The study shows that revenues from CBCS service can accelerate the implementation of wetland rehabilitation strategies that have a positive impact on climate regulation.
Medication overuse headache associated with decreased dopamine transporter availability in the left orbitofrontal cortex: A 11CFT PET/MR study
Authors: Liu Huanxian , Liu Jiajin , Sun Shuping , Dai Wei , Nie Binbin , Xu Baixuan , Dong Zhao , Yu Shengyuan
Published: October 2021

BackgroundsThe dysfunction of dopamine in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system in MOH is unknown. Dopamine transporter (DAT) regulates dopamine clearance and neurotransmission and is sensitive to dopamine levels. A decrease in DAT availability can reflect a decrease in dopamine. To determine DAT availability abnormalities in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system and explore functional network changes in medication overuse headache (MOH) patients.MethodsWe examined 17 MOH patients and 16 healthy controls (HCs) using integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) brain scans with 11CFT, a radioligand that binds to DAT. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) images were compared voxelwise between MOH patients and HCs. Then, the significantly changed cluster (p < 0.01, GRF correction) with abnormal DAT availability was selected as a specific seed region to further evaluate altered functional connectivity (FC) in MOH. SUVr and mean FC values from significantly changed regions were extracted, and partial correlation analyses with clinical measures were conducted.ResultsMOH patients had lower SUVr levels in the left rather than right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) than HCs. There was altered FC between the left OFC and the left superior temporal pole and bilateral calcarine gyri. SUVr levels in the left OFC and the connectivity strength linking the positive brain regions with the left OFC were not correlated with clinical measures in the MOH patients.ConclusionsMOH is characterized by decreased DAT availability in the left OFC, which might reflect compensatory downregulation due to low dopamine signalling within the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. In addition, the OFC on both sides may have different functions in the pathogenesis of MOH. Altered intrinsic FC in the left OFC was identified in MOH patients, which may provide a new perspective to understand the pathogenesis of MOH.
The Combined Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index and Resting Metabolic Rate on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Iranian Adults
Authors: Shahinfar Hossein , Payandeh Nastaran , Shahavandi Mahshid , Mohammadpour Saba , Babaei Nadia , Ebaditabar Mojdeh , Djafarian Kurosh , Shab-Bidar Sakineh
Published: October 2021

Background: It has been shown that inflammation may be related to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. No study has examined the combined association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) of the diet and resting metabolic rate (RMR) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Therefore, we investigated the combined association between DII and RMR on CRF.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 adult subjects.The DII was calculated using a validated semi-quantified food frequency questionnaire. RMR was measured using an indirect calorimetric method. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, body composition and blood pressure were documented by a trained interviewer. CRF was assessed by using a graded exercise treadmill test. Results: Those who were classified into low DII/high RMR compared with high DII/low RMR had significant higher VO2Max (mL/kg/min) (p=0.005). Subjects in the low DII/low RMR category had significant lower VO2Max (mL/kg/min) in comparison with low DII/high RMR (p=0.001) and high DII/high RMR (p<0.001) respectively. Participants with a high DII score and low RMR had lower VO2Max (mL/kg/min) compared with those with a high DII score and high RMR (p=0.002). Moreover, we revealed that participants in the high DII/ high RMR group had lower odds of VO2max (L.min) compared with the low DII/ low RMR group which was significant. (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.38, p=0.009).Conclusions: Overall, consumption of a pro-inﬂammatory diet, is associated with 7% lower odds of VO2max among Iranian healthy adults. This study suggests that researchers should focus on combined relationships rather than single pair-wise associations for having a better judgment.
Complexes of Li, Na and Mg with 2D Allotropies of Second and Third Period. A Theoretical Study
Authors: Narváez Wilmer Esteban Vallejo , Garza Cesar Gabriel Vera de la , Rodríguez Luis Daniel Solís , Fomine Serguei
Published: October 2021

Complexes of Li, Na and Mg with graphene, silicene, phosphorene nanoflakes (NFs) and their 2D allotropies have been studied at dispersion corrected TPSS/def-TZVP level of theory. The energy partition analysis of the complexes revealed that for most of the complexes exchange and correlation energies represent dominant contributions to the binding with strong charge transfer from metal atom to a NF. The exceptions are Mg complexes of graphene and phosphorene NFs where binding is due to dispersion and correlation terms. This difference is also reflected in large Mg-NF distances suggesting weak intermolecular interactions in these complexes. The calculated activation energies for metal hopping are easily achievable at room temperatures for carbon and silicon allotropies. However, they are significantly higher for phosphorus allotropies reaching almost 18 kcal/mol. There is a reasonably good correlation between the activation energies for hopping and binding energies for graphene, silicene and phosphorene NFs. Such correlation is not observed however for graphene, silicene and phosphorene 2D allotropies
Rural Versus Urban Variations on the Factors Associated with Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Ethiopia.
Authors: Girma Desalegn , Abita Zinie
Published: October 2021

Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is defined as starting breastfeeding within the first hour of birth. It has clinical importance to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. Previously studies have been conducted in Ethiopia to identify factors associated with EIBF. However, those studies hadn’t investigated the variation of factors within rural versus urban populations. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the differences in factors associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding in rural-urban populations.Methods: This study was used Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data, 2016. A total of 3662 children aged less than 24 months were included in the study. Thus,2897 children were disaggregated into rural and the rest 765 of them were into urban. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify the determinant of EIBF. Finally, a statistically significant association was declared at a p-value of ≤0.05.Results: In rural populations, the study found that the age of mothers 15-24 years (AOR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.13,2.00), mothers not working (AOR=1.38,95%CI: 1.12,1.69), large birth size (AOR=1.44,95%CI:1.12,1.85), and participation of mothers in making health care decisions (AOR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.17,1.75) were positively associated with EIBF. Rural mothers having ≤2 children(AOR=0.55,95%CI: 0.45,0.67), living in larger to center regions (AOR=0.13,95%CI: 0.06, 0.27), and small peripheral regions (AOR=0.12,95%CI:0.06, 0.24) were negatively associated with EIBF. Irrespective of residence, the odds of EIBF were higher in vaginal delivery (RuralAOR= 4.38,95%CI:1.81,10.59; urban AOR= 3.19,95%CI:1.86, 5.48 ).In the urban population, having frequent ANC follow-ups was associated with a higher odds of EIBF.Conclusions: The study concludes that the age of mothers, working status of mothers, birth sizes, mothers participation in making health care decisions, numbers of children in the households, living in large to center regions and small peripheral regions were determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding, only rural residence. Mode of delivery was associated with EIBF, Irrespective of the residence. In the urban population, having frequent ANC follow-ups was associated with a higher odds of EIBF. Special emphases to mothers living in rural large to center and small peripheral regions should be given. Regardless of the residence, appropriate guidance and supports should be given for babies delivered through cesarean section.
The Correlation Between Work Motivation and Turnover Intention Among Primary Health Workers in China
Authors: Li Huiwen , Yuan Beibei , Yu Yahang , Li Jia , Meng Qingyue
Published: October 2021

Background: High turnover intention, as a manifestation of low work motivation, is a crucial barrier to strengthening primary health systems worldwide, including in China. Targeting those being less motivated will be a realistic choice to retain primary health workers. This study translate, adapt, and validate the Work Motivation Scale for Health Workers (WMSHW) scale to directly measure and rate health workers’ motivation composition based on Self-Determination Theory, and assessed how health workers with different levels of motivation being associated with the turnover intention.Methods: The process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation followed the recommendations of international guidelines. Participants include 1341 health workers within 75 primary health institutions from 6 provinces in China. The reliability and validity of the scale was analyzed. Cluster analysis in a person-centered approach and logistic regression analysis was used to understand how different combinations of motivations related to intention to leave.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the modified five-factor model had a better fit than the other models in accordance with the original English version. The factor loads were high and ranged from 0.70 to 0.9．Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for five dimensions of the Chinese WMSHW ranged from 0.81 to 0.94, indicating the scale’s high internal consistency. Four distinct clusters of work motivation were found in this study, representing low motivated, highly controlled, highly autonomous and highly motivated primary health workers. Compared with low motivation group, both controlled and autonomous motivation groups were more likely to have lower turnover intention. The negative relationship between motivation and intention to leave became stronger with the level of motivation increasing: highly controlled cluster (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.35-0.63), highly autonomous (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.18-0.41) and highly motivated (OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.15-0.27).Conclusion: The Chinese version of WMSHW showed satisfactory reliability and validity and can be used as an instrument for measuring and rating the work motivation of Chinese health workers. The primary health workers were grouped into four motivation levels based on this scale. Both controlled and autonomous motivation could work in reduce the turnover intention, and the influence of autonomous motivation on retaining was stronger.
The Additive Value of Semi-Quantitative Analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT For The Diagnosis of Device Related Infections In Patients With A Left Ventricular Assist Device.
Authors: Hove Derk ten , Wahadat Ali R. , Slart Riemer H.J.A. , Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan , Mecozzi Gianclaudio , Damman Kevin , Witteveen Hester , Caliskan Kadir , Manintveld Olivier C. , Sinha Bhanu , Budde Ricardo P.J. , Glaudemans Andor W.J.M.
Published: October 2021

Background: Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) improve quality of life and long-term survival in advanced heart failure, but device related infections (DRI) remain cumbersome. We evaluated the diagnostic capability of FDG-PET/CT and the additive value of semi-quantitative analysis for the diagnosis of DRI. Methods: LVAD recipients undergoing FDG-PET/CT between December 2012 and August 2020 for suspected DRI were retrospectively included. FDG-PET/CT was performed and evaluated according to EANM guidelines and assessors were blinded to the clinical context of included patients. Final clinical diagnosis of driveline infection and/or central device infection, based on multidisciplinary consensus and findings during surgery whenever performed, was used as the reference for the diagnosis. Results: 44 patients were evaluated for 62 episodes of suspected DRI. Clinical evaluation established driveline infection in 33 (54%) episodes, central device infection in 8 (14%) and combined infection in 2 (4%). Visual analysis of FDG-PET/CT achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 0.83 and 0.73, respectively, for driveline infections, while semi-quantitative analysis found comparable results (p=0.77). For central device component infections, visual analysis of FDG-PET/CT achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 1.0 and 0.26, respectively, while semi-quantitative analysis using SUVratio (background liver) achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 1.0 and 0.8, respectively. Both SUVmax and SUVratio outperformed visual analysis (p<0.001). Conclusions: FDG-PET/CT is a valuable tool for the assessment of DRI in LVAD recipients. Semiquantitative analysis significantly increases specificity of FDG-PET/CT for the analysis of central device components and should be considered in equivocal cases after visual analysis.