bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the concentrations of thyroid hormones in dairy sheep
Authors: Flis Zuzanna , Molik Edyta
Published: March 2021

The aim of the research was to determine the changes in the concentrations of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in sheep during lactation. The experiment was conducted on 20 Polish Longwool ewes. Milking was begun after the lambs were weaned, on the 57th day of lactation. Sheep were milked twice a day (8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.) until dry. The milk yield of each ewe was checked every 10 days. For determination of thyroid hormones, blood was collected every 28 days beginning at sunset, every 20 minutes for 6 hours. The average milk yield of the sheep was determined based on the individual yields on test days. The highest (P ≤ 0,01) milk yield was obtained in the first month of milking, i.e. April (0,48 ± 0,018 l). Milk yield decreased as lactation progressed. The concentration of hormone T3 was significantly higher (P ≤ 0,01) in the first and third months of lactation (0,72 ± 0,02 ng/ml in April and 0,74 ± 0,02 ng/ml in June) than in September (0,55 ± 0,01 ng/ml). The T3 concentration decreased in successive months of lactation. In contrast, the concentration of the T4 hormone increased with the progression of lactation. Significantly (P ≤ 0,01) the lowest concentration of T4 was found in the first and second month of milking (51,7 ± 9,8 ng/ml, 48,8 ± 7,4 ng/ml). The highest T4 concentration in lactating sheep was noted in August (60,55 ± 10 ng/ml). The research showed that the secretion of T3 decreases with milk yield, while secretion of T4 shows an upward trend as lactation progresses. Therefore thyroid hormones modulate secretion of milk in sheep. 
Molecular basis of essential thrombocythaemia in humans and dogs – a review
Authors: Padzik Nicola , Szewczuk Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

A potential cause of essential thrombocythaemia can be seen as the V617F point mutation within Janus kinase 2. This mutation occurs in 60-70% of patients with this disease and is located in the domain acting as an inhibitor. It increases the enzymatic activity of JAK2 kinase and induces intensified sensitivity of cells to cytokines. Identification of mutations in the JAK2 gene has made it possible to describe the molecular pathogenesis of myeloproliferative syndromes, which has enabled more accurate diagnosis and assisted in effective treatment. The significant similarity of the clinical, laboratory and morphological features of myeloproliferative syndromes (including essential thrombocythaemia) in animals and humans suggests that common signalling pathways within the JAK2 gene may be involved in the development of these diseases.
Bringt COVID-19 die Wirkstoffproduktion nach Europa?
Authors: Hermann Christopher , Wienands Frank
Published: March 2021

Die Ausschreibung von Arzneimittelrabattverträgen im Generikabereich durch gesetzliche Krankenkassen wird seit Ende der 00er-Jahre von interessierter Leistungserbringerseite als permanenter Störfaktor begriffen. Bei zunehmenden Lieferengpässen von Arzneimitteln auch in Deutschland werden sie zudem verstärkt seit der Corona-Pandemie teilweise als deren zentrale Ursache ausgemacht. Den angeführten wesentlichen Argumentationsmustern wird im Beitrag nachgegangen. In der Diskussion zielführender Maßnahmen zur Liefersicherheit erweist sich der Einbezug der EU-rechtlich präformierten Rahmenbedingungen als unabdingbar.
Der Marktstrukturmissbrauch in der Plattformökonomie
Authors: Gasser Lucas
Published: March 2021

With reference to ordoliberal principles, the author develops an approach with which the legal concept of market structure abuse can be applied to cases in the platform economy. The starting point is an analysis of the economic foundations of digital platforms. From this, the thesis emerges that network and data scale effects as central structural features of digital platform markets lead to considerable information asymmetries between established platforms and all other actors. Against this background, the author examines various abuse proceedings of the European Commission and the German Federal Cartel Office against digital plat-forms and shows that these could be categorized under the case group of market structure abuse.
Die Baubeschreibungspflicht des Unternehmers im neuen Verbraucherbauvertrag
Authors: Matkovic Jannis
Published: March 2021

Consumer protection in the construction sector – a field that requires a trade-off between the existential importance and technical complexity of a construction contract from a consumer’s point of view on one hand and the contractor’s legit strive for profit on the other. The German legislator tried to implement a balancing with the reform of private construction law that came into force on January 1st 2018, by creating a new type of „consumer construction contract“. This type of contract is connected with the contractor’s obligation to describe his services.

The author examines the consumer construction contract’s scope, followed by an analysis of the aforementioned mandatory description and the consequences of its disregard by the contractor.
Binationale Tandemführung in deutsch-chinesischen Joint Ventures
Authors: Liu Yuqi
Published: March 2021

This series focussing on research in international human resource management and strategy is designed to stimulate discussions on current developments in these disciplines. The scope of this series reflects the importance of the fields of strategy and human resource management in the international environment of a globalised world. Both areas have the potential to contribute essentially to the description and explanation of competitive advantage realisation, performance issues and contributions to achieving other corporate goals and objectives. Therefore, these arenas need attention in research as well as in practice. This series focuses on the latest research results in these fields by integrating original research results from research projects including collaborative research projects and doctoral research.
Surgical Treatment of Neural Tube Defects
Authors: Šutovský Juraj
Published: March 2021

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are developmental pathologies associated with undesirable lifelong consequences. Incidence of these pathologies differs between countries and regions depending on socio-economic and healthcare quality. It is also influenced by folic acid and zinc supplementation. Genetic factors influence probability of NTD, increasing risk of defect in siblings up to 3–8%. Estimated incidence in United States is 3–4/10000 live births, and worldwide incidence increases on about 10/10000 live births. Despite various types and localizations of spina bifida, in all of them neural tissue is in danger. This can lead to various types of neurologic disorders. Not only due to direct damaging of spinal cord and nerve roots but also other parts of central nervous system are also endangered by disturbed prenatal development. Other consequences as orthopedic abnormalities, bladder, and bowel dysfunction influence quality of life. Surgical therapy is often the only possibility to preserve existing function of neural tissue, allows its further development and prevents complications. In this chapter surgical techniques with aim to restore spinal cord and nerve roots anatomy, preservation of its function and defect closures are presented. Also, treatment of possible comorbidities and complications is discussed. Spina bifida management requires multi-speciality cooperation and care to monitor, prevent and treat various potential complication that can negatively influence quality of life and even survival. Prenatal diagnosis is based on maternal screening of serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels and prenatal ultrasonography examination. As the suspicion of neural tube defect arises, an amniocentesis is recommended to complete a genetic analysis and obtain amniotic fluid for more precise AFP and acetylcholinesterase examination. Some types of neural tube defects are diagnosed after delivery, some are symptomatic until adulthood and some are diagnosed incidentally. Each of them requires specific management, based on underlying pathology.
Nutraceutical Alternatives to Pharmaceutical Analgesics in Osteoarthritis
Authors: M. Heffernan Shane , E. Conway Gillian
Published: March 2021

Chronic pain is a considerable health concern worldwide, effecting almost 30% of all European adults. Osteoarthritis (OA), a progressive pro-inflammatory condition, is one of the leading causes of chronic pain (effecting 13% of all ﻿those over 50 years, globally) and is the most common cause of joint pain. The prevalence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) and analgesic use has been well studied and is abundant throughout the western world, with women being the greatest users and ibuprofen generally being the most ﻿reported NSAID. In the US, 65% of all OA patients are prescribed NSAIDs for pain management and form part of the current recommended strategy for OA clinical management. While some NSAIDs and analgesics are effective at improving pain and physical function, they come with significant and harmful side effects such as gastrointestinal complications, renal disturbances and severe cardiovascular events. Given these side-effects, any reduction in NSAID and analgesia use (and the resulting potentially harmful side effects) is of particular importance to OA public health. As such, a number of non-pharmaceutical alternatives (bioactive nutraceuticals) have been developed that may reduce NSAID and analgesia use while maintaining pain reduction and improvements in physical function. This chapter will discuss select nutraceuticals that are not currently in mainstream use but may have the potential to aid in the treatment of OA.
WPT, Recent Techniques for Improving System Efficiency
Authors: Aboualalaa Mohamed , Elsadek Hala , K. Pokharel Ramesh
Published: March 2021

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies have received much more attention during the last decade due to their effectiveness in wireless charging for a wide range of electronic devices. To transmit power between two points without a physical link, conventional WPT systems use two coils, one coil is a transmitter (Tx) and the other is a receiver (Rx) which generates an induced current from the received power. Two main factors control the performance of the WPT schemes, power transfer efficiency (PTE) and transmission range. Power transfer efficiency refers to how much power received by the rechargeable device compared to the power transmitted from the transmitter; while transmission range indicates the longest distance between transmitter and receiver at which the receiver can receive power within the acceptable range of power transfer efficiency. Several studies were carried out to improve these two parameters. Many techniques are used for WPT such as inductive coupling, magnetic resonance coupling, and strongly coupled systems. Recently, metamaterial structures are also proposed for further transfer efficiency enhancement. Metamaterials work as an electromagnetic lensing structure that focuses the evanescent transmitted power into receiver direction. Transmitting & Receiving antenna systems may be used for sending power in certain radiation direction. Optimizing the transmitter antenna and receiver antenna characteristics increase the efficiency for WPT systems. This chapter will present a survey on different wireless power transmission schemes.
Androgens and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: L. Yanes Cardozo Licy , M. Huffman Alexandra , E. Pruett Jacob , G. Romero Damian
Published: March 2021

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. Clinical or biochemical signs of androgen excess is a cardinal feature of the syndrome and are present in approximately 80% of women with PCOS. Increased blood pressure and insulin resistance, two major cardiovascular risk factors, are frequently present in women with PCOS. This chapter aims to highlight the fundamental role of androgens in mediating the increased blood pressure and insulin resistance in women with PCOS. This chapter is also a call for action to develop new pharmacological therapies that target the androgen synthesis and androgen receptor activation dysregulation present in women with PCOS. These novel therapies will allow to prevent or mitigate the excess androgen-mediated cardiovascular risk factors that affect women with PCOS.
Emerging from Smoke and Mirrors
Authors: Fu Tan Lo
Published: March 2021

Digital Health promises to transform healthcare in this decade. We have gone from “low tech” telephones, fax machines, dictation lines, desk-top electronic medical records, and data storage centers to video visits, texting, emails, smart phones and other mobile devices, and to higher forms including artificial intelligence, cloud data storage, and blockchain. However, letting go of legacy applications and then implementing the best available technology for clinical use has been challenging. This chapter will review the factors that contribute to the difficulty of moving from old to new tools. Specific examples will be video, electronic medical records and remote patient monitoring. The process of evaluating a new technological application will be described and a standardized framework proposed. We will finish with a discussion around local and scaled steps that can facilitate, support and sustain a patient-centered application of the best technology in healthcare. A call to action for the reader will be presented.
Nanostructured Materials for the Development of Superhydrophobic Coatings
Authors: Kadarkaraithangam Jeyasubramanian , Suyambulingam Gokul Raja Thangaiyanadar , Parani Bramma Nayagi Silambuselvan , Krishnamoorthy Karthikeyan
Published: March 2021

This chapter describes the results of developing superhydrophobic coatings using porous ZnO nanostructures impregnated metal stearates and their applications. The porous ZnO nanostructures with a surface area of 9.7 m2/g and pores in the range from 200 to 400 nm have been prepared via precipitation cum calcination route. The superhydrophobic coatings comprising ZnO/metal stearate film have been deposited using a spray coating method. The developed superhydrophobic films possess a water contact angle of 161° that can be explained using the Cassie-Baxter model. The prepared films exhibited excellent floating properties and high load-bearing characteristics over a prolonged time. Additionally, the self-cleaning properties of the developed superhydrophobic films towards dust removal and self-cleaning urinary coatings are also demonstrated. This chapter collectively presented the novel applications of superhydrophobic coating in the development of biomedical coatings and applications in water surveillance and underwater robotics.
Risk Communication in the Age of COVID-19
Authors: Koinig Isabell
Published: March 2021

Literature describes a pandemic as a unique form of health crisis, which requires intensive communicative efforts. The government is a key actor in such situations for it is not only particularly trusted to manage a crisis, but also can obtain compliance on part of the affected population. Scholars agree that health messages are important tools to create awareness for the (health) threat. Particularly during health emergencies, information on which preventive measures should be taken is most valuable. With measures often concerning “disruptive actions”, messages must be carefully crafted to counteract negative emotions and controversial arguments. The present chapter presents a checklist for successful campaign design in health risk situations by paying specific attention to COVID-19. To this end, we conduct an extensive literature review and highlight how scientific information should be presented, as well as which message appeals and design features should be utilized to provide the population with targeted and timely information. This is essential against decreasing health literacy rates, which have to be considered in the message design process. To illustrate our case, we will refer to selected national health campaigns which were successfully utilized to manage the risk associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter will conclude with some limitations and directions for future research.
Green Pedagogy: Using Confrontation and Provocation to Promote Sustainability Skills
Authors: Fox Anne , Wogowitsch Christine
Published: March 2021

The chapter describes the features of Green Pedagogy, originally developed in Austria in German where it is still being actively researched. Green Pedagogy offers a structured approach to lesson planning to achieve embedded sustainability competencies within a specific vocational or academic field. The Green Pedagogy approach achieves sustainability competency through a controlled appeal to the emotions and the explicit uncovering of learner values to take on new ideas and new perspectives in a more sustainable direction. The approach is compatible with many recommended Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) pedagogies such as project-based teaching and the case study approach. The approach also implements several more general evidence-based pedagogical strategies such as concept change. The key feature of Green Pedagogy is that the process ends with locally based action whose wider implications are explored. We relate some of the challenges involved in translating a pedagogical approach from one language to another as the ProfESus Erasmus project aimed to disseminate Green Pedagogy to a global cohort of teachers of home economics in English. Reactions of participating teachers in the piloting of the training are explored and some practical solutions offered.
Experimental Carcinogenesis with 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)Anthrazene (DMBA) and Its Inhibition with Extra Virgin Olive Oil and a Diet of Mature Olives (Picual Variety)
Authors: José Soto-Castillo Juan , Ortega-Medina Isicio
Published: March 2021

7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthrazene (DMBA) is a carcinogen that induces carcinomas within a few weeks of application. Forty-four male hamsters were divided into four groups: DMBA dissolved in paraffin oil (DMBA-PO), DMBA dissolved in olive oil (DMBA-OO), paraffin oil and olive oil. Their mouths were swabbed daily with paraffin oil or extra virgin olive oil alternatively for the first two weeks, during the biweekly application of DMBA at 0.5% diluted in paraffin oil or olive oil for five weeks and daily until the twentieth week. The animals in the DMBA-OO and olive oil groups received an additional diet of mature Picual olives. The DMBA-PO carcinogen effect (35 carcinomas) is 100% and the inhibitory effect 0. The use of olive oil as DMBA solvent and the ad libitum diet with Picual olive has an inhibitory effect of 80%, with only three intraepithelial carcinomas and four verrucous carcinomas occurring and no invasive carcinoma.
MNLR and ANFIS Based Inductance Profile Estimation for Switched Reluctance Motor
Authors: Dhanarajalu Susitra
Published: March 2021

This chapter aims in presenting the methods for the accurate estimation of highly non linear phase inductance profile of a switched reluctance motor (SRM). The magnetization characteristics of a test SRM is derived from the SRDaS (Switched Reluctance Design and Simulation) simulation software. Statistical interpolation based regression analysis and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are used for developing the computationally efficient inductance model. Multi Variate Non linear Regression (MVNLR) from the class of regression analysis and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) under the class of AI are implemented and tested on the simulated data. Non linear Inductance profile L(I,θ) of SRM is successfully estimated for the complete working range of phase currents (Iph). At each Iph, L(I,θ) values are estimated and presented for one cycle of rotor position (θ). Estimated inductance profile based on the two proposed methods is observed to be in excellent correlation with the true value of data.
Perioperative Considerations for Revascularization and Non-Revascularization Surgeries in Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Jaffar Khan Muhammad , Hassan Jazib , Aboobacker Sumayya , Tageldin Tarek , Faraj Jafar , El-Arref Mohamed
Published: March 2021

Moyamoya disease is a rare, progressive cerebrovascular occlusive disease; characterized by narrowing of the distal internal carotid arteries and their branches. The incidence is high in East Asians and most commonly presents in the first and fourth decade of life. Its symptoms are headaches, seizures, transient neurological deficits, and cognitive decline. Medical management is based on treating the symptoms and includes antiplatelet and anti-seizure medications. Surgical revascularization is the mainstay of treatment. Unique pathophysiology of moyamoya disease necessitates neuro-anesthesiologists to formulate an individualized plan perioperatively. The overriding goal of perioperative anesthetic management of moyamoya disease is to ensure optimal cerebral perfusion and protection. Maintenance of normotension, normocarbia, normo-oxygenation, normothermia, and euvolemia is the cornerstone during the perioperative period. Perioperative adequate analgesia is crucial to prevent cerebral ischemia and allows close neurological monitoring. This chapter reviews perioperative anesthetic management of patients with moyamoya disease.
Traditional African Medicine
Authors: V.N.L. Chaitanya Motamarri , Gebremariam Baye Hailemikael , Saad Ali Heyam , Belayneh Usamo Firehiwot
Published: March 2021

African traditional medicine is defined as one of the holistic health care system comprised of three levels of specializations namely divination, spiritualism, and herbalism. The traditional healer provides healing services based on culture, religious background, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs that are prevalent in his community. Hence the current chapter focuses on the different types of african healing system, traditional healers, traditional practices and modern herbalism and also describes the phytochemical and pharmacological evidences of the traditional african herbs like Acanthus montanus (Acanthaceae), Amaranthus spinosus (Amaranthaceae), Bridelia ferruginea (Euphorbiaceae) etc.
Assessment of the State of Forest Plant Communities of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Conditions of Urban Ecosystems
Authors: Runova Elena , Savchenkova Vera , Demina-Moskovskaya Ekaterina , Baranenkova Anastasia
Published: March 2021

Siberian cities are characterized by one feature: many of them have preserved natural woodlands during construction, which on the one hand give a completely unusual, unique appearance to cities, on the other hand, trees suffer from recreational load, high levels of pollution and other anthropogenic factors. To assess the condition of pine stands, 3 test areas (0.5 ha, 0.1 ha and 1.9 ha) were laid. All considered plantings of natural origin are areas of woodland that were preserved during the construction of the city and are subject to recreational and industrial pollution. The test sites belong to areas with a high anthropogenic load, as they are located along highways and in close proximity to residential and public buildings and are part of parks with a high recreational load. The average age of trees is 70–80 years. The sanitary condition of the massif and its landscape characteristics are also determined. The critical condition of the massif is established, requiring sanitary logging and other forestry measures that could reduce recreational and anthropogenic loads.
Genetic Diversity of Coffea arabica L.: A Genomic Approach
Authors: Luis Spinoso-Castillo José , Corona-Torres Tarsicio , Escamilla-Prado Esteban , Morales-Ramos Victorino , Heber Aguilar-Rincón Víctor , García-de los Santos Gabino
Published: March 2021

Coffea arabica L. produces a high-quality beverage, with pleasant aroma and flavor, but diseases, pests and abiotic stresses often affect its yield. Therefore, improving important agronomic traits of this commercial specie remains a target for most coffee improvement programs. With advances in genomic and sequencing technology, it is feasible to understand the coffee genome and the molecular inheritance underlying coffee traits, thereby helping improve the efficiency of breeding programs. Thanks to the rapid development of genomic resources and the publication of the C. canephora reference genome, third-generation markers based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have gradually been identified and assayed in Coffea, particularly in C. arabica. However, high-throughput genotyping assays are still needed in order to rapidly characterize the coffee genetic diversity and to evaluate the introgression of different cultivars in a cost-effective way. The DArTseq™ platform, developed by Diversity Arrays Technology, is one of these approaches that has experienced an increasing interest worldwide since it is able to generate thousands of high quality SNPs in a timely and cost-effective manner. These validated SNP markers will be useful to molecular genetics and for innovative approaches in coffee breeding.
Salinity Tolerance in Canola: Insights from Proteomic Studies
Authors: Bandehagh Ali , Dehghanian Zahra , Henry Robert , Anwar Hossain Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Salinity considerably lowers crop yield worldwide. Production of salt stress-tolerant species will be essential to maintain the food supply in the coming decades. Brassicas, including various members of the family Brassicaceae, are very necessary sources of human food. Importantly, the key crop species that are members of the Brassicaceae family are genetically diverse and therefore their response reaction and adaptation to salinity varies greatly. Canola (Brassica napus L.) is commonly grown for edible oils and other uses such as biodiesel fuel production. Although most types of canola are identified as salt-resistant, plant yield and development are reduced significantly by rising salinity levels. In saline situations, the plant’s genome supports a range of physiological changes in some plant characteristics. Since the function of genes cannot indicate the exact condition of cells, proteomic approaches are emerged as methods to investigate the plant’s responses to stresses in the molecular levels. Exploring the proteome complements research at the genome and transcriptome level and helps elucidate the mechanism of salt tolerance in plants. Proteins are reliable indicators of salinity responses, as they are directly involved in forming the new phenotype providing adaptation to salinity. In this chapter, we review the response of the rapeseed proteome to salinity stress.
Prevalence of Depression in Iranian College Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jaafari Zahra , Farhadi Akram , Amin Lari Faramarz , Mousavi Fatemeh Sadat , Moltafet Hadis , Dashti Elaheh , Marzban Maryam
Published: March 2021

Context: Depression is a common problem in students. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression in Iranian college students. Evidence Acquisition: The study was conducted using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). We searched both international (i.e. PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar) and national (i.e. SID, Magiran, Iranmedex, and IranDoc) databases from 1991 to June 2019 to identify relevant studies. Cochran’s Q test, I2 index, and τ2 index were used to assess the heterogeneity. A random-effects model was employed to combine the results using comparative meta-analysis software version 2.2. Results: Overall, 89 studies dealing with a total of 33,564 Iranian students were included. The prevalence of depression was estimated at 48.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 43.6 - 52.5%]. The prevalence of depression was 51.3% (95% CI: 41.1 - 61.4%) and 48.9% (95% CI: 41.0 - 54.8%) in males and females, respectively. The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe depression was estimated at 26.1% (95% CI: 23.8 - 28.6%), 15.5% (95% CI: 13.1 - 18.3%), and 6.4% (95% CI: 5.1 - 8%), respectively. The Beck-I Questionnaire and the GHQ-28 Questionnaire indicated the highest and the lowest prevalence of depression [68.4% (95% CI: 38.8 - 88.1%) vs. 39.2% (95% CI: 24.6 - 56.1%)], respectively. It was proved that the prevalence of depression among Iranian college students has significantly increased during the study period (P < 0.001). Interest in the field was significantly correlated with depression (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of depression among Iranian college students, prevention and treatment programs are strongly recommended.
Einige Bemerkungen zu lautlichen und morphologischen Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden zwischen den Dorfmundarten von Lichwe und Riebnig im Schönhengstgau.
Authors: Rothenhagen Richard
Published: March 2021

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Zur Rezeption tschechischer Kinder-und Jugendliteratur seit 1989 bis zur Gegenwart.
Authors: Baroková Jana
Published: March 2021

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Rezeption der tschechischen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur im deutschen Sprachraum im Zeitraum von 1989 bis heute. Das hauptsächliche Augenmerk ist auf das Werk von Jaroslav Foglar, Scheila Och und Iva Procházková gerichtet. Bei diesen Autoren widme ich mich den Themen ihrer Bücher, einige Werke von Scheila Och, Iva und Lenka Procházková werden inhaltlich analysiert. Hervorgehoben werden Gattungen, die für die tschechische Kinderliteratur nach der Samtenen Revolution als typisch gelten.
Erwerb der L2-Artikulation im Erwachsenenalter: einige offene Fragen.
Authors: Gunsenheimer Brigit
Published: March 2021

Es ist ein bekanntes Phänomen, dass sich Erwachsene im Gegensatz zu Kindern mit dem akzentfreien Lernen einer Fremdsprache schwer tun. In manchen Ansätzen zum Fremdsprachenlernen gilt dies sogar als unmöglich. Einzeluntersuchungen der letzten Jahrzehnte haben jedoch immer wieder Fälle gezeigt, in denen späte Lerner ein Ausspracheniveau erreichten, das von Muttersprachlern als authentisch eingestuft wurde. Dieser Beitrag formuliert die Frage, wie grundsätzlich ausgeschlossen das akzentfreie Lernen einer Fremdsprache im Erwachsenenalter wirklich ist und nennt einige Faktoren, die in Forschung und Unterrichtspraxis näher berücksichtigt werden müssen.
Probleme der Wortbildung im Studienfach Deutsch als Fremdsprache (Teil 1).
Authors: Janakiev Angrit
Published: March 2021

Im vorliegenden Artikel wird versucht, den Spagat zwischen sprachwissenschaftlicher Wissensvermittlung für DaF-Studierende und den spezifischen Anforderungen der Bachelor-Studiengänge im Hinblick auf Lehren und Lernen ins Blickfeld zu rücken. Die 13 unterschiedlichen Modelle, die in den letzten 30 Jahren von der sprachwissenschaftlichen Forschung zum Deutschen für die Verbbildung vorgeschlagen wurden, illustrieren eindrucksvoll die Redensart von der „Qual der Wahl“. Sollte es ein Modell der Wortbildung in der Gegenwartssprache geben, das ganz besonders gut für die Ausbildung von DaF-Lehrern geeignet wäre?
Aufforderungshandlung Rat-Geben im deutsch-slowakischen Vergleich.
Authors: Kášova Martina
Published: March 2021

Der vorliegende Artikel beschäftigt sich mit direktiven Sprechhandlungen, v. a. mit Ratschlägen. Die Materialbasis stammt dabei aus deutschen und slowakischen Talkshows, wobei eine komparative Herangehensweise gewählt wurde. Wir haben typische Sprachmittel wie z. B. Konditionalformen oder Konjunktive im Material ermittelt und genauer geprüft, in welchen Umgebungen diese Sprachmittel vorkommen. Im Resümee zum Artikel werden die festgestellten Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten zusammengefasst.
Zur Sinnhaftigkeit einer parallelen Vermittlung von Fachsprachen- und Varietätenkompetenz. Plädoyer für die Institutionalisierung einer studienbegleitenden Zusatzausbildung ,Fachsprache Deutsch mit regionalem Akzent‘ an tschechischen Hochschulen
Authors: Blahak Boris
Published: March 2021

Der Beitrag arbeitet zunächst die Rolle Bayerns als Haupthandelspartner Tschechiens heraus, die durch eine eigene bayerische ,Außenpolitik‘ und ein wachsendes bilaterales Handelsvolumen bei steigendem tschechischem Exportüberschuss begründet ist. Da Deutsch in Tschechien zudem immer noch eine verbreitete Firmensprache ist, schafft diese Wirtschaftspartnerschaft einen erhöhten Bedarf an (landesspezifischen) Fachsprachen-Kenntnissen in Deutsch, der einem allgemeinen EU-Trend entspricht. Dem steht die sinkende Bedeutung des Deutschen an tschechischen Schulen gegenüber: Hier ist zwar noch von breiten aber nicht mehr fortgeschrittenen Kenntnissen auszugehen, zumal Deutsch zukünftig auf die Rolle einer zweiten Fremdsprache beschränkt ist. Diese Situation führt zu einem großen Deckungsbedarf an Fachsprachenunterricht in der Erwachsenenbildung. Angesichts dieser Situation und der der aktuellen Debatte um eine Regionalisierung der Germanistik erfolgt ein Plädoyer für die Institutionalisierung einer studienbegleitenden Zusatzausbildung ,Fachsprache Deutsch mit regionalem Akzent‘ mit dem Bundesland Bayern als Zielregion.
Zum Terminus ‚Dialekt‘ in der Germanistik.
Authors: Muzikant Mojmír
Published: March 2021

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Interpretationen des Terminus ´Dialekt´ in unterschiedlichen Lexika der linguistischen Terminologie behandelt. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass in der historischen Sprachwissenschaft sehr oft vom Terminus ´Mundart bzw. Dialekt´ Gebrauch gemacht wird, obwohl die Quellen der historischen Zeitetappen des Deutschen fast ausschließlich Schriftdenkmäler bilden, die keinesfalls das Gesprochene widerspiegeln. Eine Tendenz, das Geschriebene mit dem Gesprochenen zu identifizieren, ist auch in der frühneuhochdeutschen Kanzleisprachenforschung in Mähren zu verzeichnen. Aus dem Geschriebenen auf das Gesprochene zu schließen, ist nicht nachvollziehbar, weil das Geschriebene (die Kanzleisprache) und das Gesprochene (Mundarten) eigenständige Existenzformen der Sprache darstellen, die nur bedingt und in sehr geringem Maße gegenseitig beeinflussbar sind.
Gibt es effiziente Herangehensweisen zur Vermittlung und Aneignung von Sprachgeschichtskenntnissen für den Bedarf der Grundschullehrer?.
Authors: Muzikant Mojmír
Published: March 2021

Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden Vor- und Nachteile einiger Handbücher für das Fach ‚Deutsche Sprachgeschichte‘ kommentiert. Anschließend wird ein neu erarbeitetes Lehrbuch ‚Kurze Geschichte der deutschen Sprache für Lehramtsstudenten Deutsch als Fremdsprache‘ vorgestellt und eine Typologie der enthaltenen Übungsreihe umrissen.
Zum Erklärungswert von Dependenz- und Phrasenstruktursyntax für den DaF-Unterricht.
Authors: Wagner Roland
Published: March 2021

Es gibt zwei grundlegende Prinzipien zur Beschreibung der Satzstruktur: Dependenz und Konstituenz. Im vorliegenden Artikel zeige ich, dass Lerner von Deutsch als Fremdsprache bestimmte Regularitäten der deutschen Wortfolge (besonders im Nebensatz) direkt aus einer Phrasenstrukturrepräsentation ableiten können, während sie bei Repräsentationen im Dependenz-Format Zusatzregeln benötigen. Dennoch möchte ich nicht einseitig für die Verwendung einer Phrasenstruktursyntax im DaF-Unterricht plädieren. Die Verwendung von beiden Repräsentationsformaten (für jeweils geeignete Strukturtypen) könnte dagegen hilfreich sein, solange es dabei nicht zu einer unkontrollierten Vermischung beider Prinzipien kommt.
Deutsch als Sprache der (Geistes-)Wissenschaften. Ein neues Lehrbuch zur Didaktik der deutschen Wissenschaftssprache
Authors: Kernjak Katja
Published: March 2021

An der Palacký-Universität können Studierende seit Wintersemester 2010/2011 im Rahmen des Germanistik-Studiums einen neuen Schwerpunkt wählen: Deutsch als Sprache der Geisteswissenschaften. Sie können dabei ein umfassendes Grundwissen aus verschiedenen geisteswissenschaftlichen Disziplinen und damit eine breite Grundlage für philologische Forschung erwerben. Gleichzeitig wird damit auch interdisziplinäres Arbeiten gefördert. Die Motivation für die Ausarbeitung dieses Schwerpunktes geht nicht zuletzt aus dem Bewusstsein historischer Traditionen hervor: das Deutsche und die deutsche Wissenschaftstradition waren für die Geisteswissenschaften in Tschechien maßgeblicher Impulsgeber. Wichtiger Bestandteil des Studienangebotes sind spezielle Sprachübungen zur Wissenschaftssprache Deutsch, die den Studierenden das nötige sprachliche Rüstzeug mitgeben sollen. Dafür wurde am Lehrstuhl ein Übungsbuch erstellt, das zum einen auf die Thematik der fachspezifischen Terminologien sensibilisieren soll, vor allem aber fächerübergreifende sprachliche Elementen der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation behandelt. Darüber hinaus bietet es auch Hinweise und Handreichungen zur Gestaltung wissenschaftlicher Texte.
Märchenmotive in Kellers Novelle „Spiegel, das Kätzchen“.
Authors: Jurčáková Edita
Published: March 2021

In dem berühmten Novellenzyklus Die Leute von Seldwyla (1856-1874) des Schweizer Dichters Gottfried Keller befindet sich am Ende des ersten Bandes die Novelle Spiegel, das Kätzchen. Ein Märchen. Diese Erzählung über einen schlauen Kater, welcher einen Hexenmeister überlistet, ist von vielen Märchenmotiven durchdrungen, worauf in diesem Beitrag hingewiesen werden soll. Dass diese Novelle ein Märchen ist, geht nicht nur aus dem Untertitel, sondern auch aus den Hauptfiguren – den sprechenden Tieren, der Hexe und dem Hexenmeister – und dem Verlauf der Handlung hervor. Man erkennt sogar Parallelen zu den Grimmschen Märchen und andere literarische Bezüge.
Interkulturalität und multilinguale literarische Werke als Basis für ein Konzept der Mehrsprachigkeit im DaF-Unterricht.
Authors: Váňa Pavel
Published: March 2021

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit dem Konzept eines mehrsprachlichen Literaturunterrichts. Im ersten Teil werden die Möglichkeiten eines Literaturunterrichts mit mehrsprachlichem Akzent angeführt. Der zweite Teil ist einigen praktischen Beispielen der Berücksichtigung von Mehrsprachigkeit im Literaturunterricht gewidmet, wobei ein deutsch-tschechischer Literaturworkshop vorgestellt wird.
Überlegungen zum literarischen Stoff des Telemach.
Authors: Baroková Jana
Published: March 2021

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit dem literarischen Stoff des Telemach. Ich habe mich zuerst der Situation in der österreichischen Kinderliteratur am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts gewidmet. Die Verbreitung des Werkes Telemach entspricht den konfessionellen und pädagogischen Rahmenbedingungen in Osterreich, wobei der literarische Stoff um Robinson mit dem deutschen Philanthropismus korrespondiert. Das nächste Kapitel befasst sich mit Francois Fenelon und seinem Beitrag zur Erziehung im Roman Die Abenteuer des Telemach. Das vierte Kapitel widmet sich der Rezeption des behandelten literarischen Stoff es in der tschechischen Literatur im 20. Jahrhundert. Den Kern des Artikels bildet die Analyse des Werkes Prinz Telemach und sein Lehrer Mentor von Peter Hacks. Besonderes Augenmerk ist auf die Vergegenwärtigung der mythischen Gestalten und Modernität der Darbietung von Peter Hacks gerichtet. Im letzten Kapitel wird die Bedeutung des Humors für die Kinder- und Jugendliteratur hervorgehoben.
Deutsche Popmusik als Motivationsmittel für junge DaF-Lernende.
Authors: Brychová Alice
Published: March 2021

Im vorliegenden Artikel stellen wir Überlegung zum Thema „Popsongs im DaF-Unterricht“ an und bemühen uns, einige praktische Anleitungen zu geben. Nachdem wir gezeigt haben, wie Popsongs als Quelle für zusätzliche landeskundliche Information dienen können und außerdem die Lerner auch emotional ansprechen, wird auf Auswahlkriterien für Popsongs eingegangen sowie eine Liste von ausgewählten Popsongs der dt. Popmusikszene vorgestellt. Anschließend werden methodisch-didaktische Konsequenzen für den Unterricht mit Popsongs diskutiert. Schließlich werden die Erkenntnisse, dass Popsongs ein großes motivatorisches und kognitionspsychologisches Potential für den Fremdsprachenunterricht haben, zusammengefasst. Der Text richtet sich vor allem an interessierte Praktiker.
Mehrsprachigkeit, Übersetzung und Nationalliteratur. Deutsche Mácha-Übersetzungen im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Winter Astrid
Published: March 2021

Der Artikel geht von dem Umstand aus, dass das Hauptwerk der tschechischen Romantik, Karel Hynek Máchas Máj (1836), zunächst bei einer deutschsprachigen und erst später bei einer tschechischsprachigen Leserschaft Anklang fand. Anhand der deutschen Máj-Übersetzungen durch Siegfried Kapper (1844), Alfred Waldau (1862), Bernard Alois Rambousek (1871) und Karl Müller (1882) wird die Frage untersucht, warum deutsche Übersetzer sich derart in der Übertragung eines Werks der tschechischen Romantik engagierten, dessen Verständnis sie mit enormen sprachkontrastiv-bedingten Problemen konfrontierte, und inwieweit ihre Textübertragungen den Voraussetzungen der Mehrsprachigkeit und einer territorial bestimmten Identitätsbildung in Böhmen unterlagen.
Nachbarsprachen erwerben – sich über die Grenze kennenlernen.
Authors: Brychová Alice
Published: March 2021

Eines der Ziele der europäischen Sprachbildungspolitik ist, das Verständnis unter den Menschen in der Europäischen Union zu unterstützen. In Niederösterreich wird im Rahmen der sog. Niederösterreichischen Sprachenoffensive seit über 12 Jahren das Erlernen der Nachbarsprachen Tschechisch, Slowakisch und Ungarisch in Schulen und Kindergärten angeboten. Im Rahmen dieser Sprachenoffensive werden verschiedene Aktivitäten unterstützt, unter anderem auch ein Projekt, dessen Ziel es ist, nicht nur das gegenseitige sprachliche Verständnis, sondern auch die kulturelle Annäherung der Bürger der Nachbarländer zu fördern. Das gegenseitige Verständnis soll durch die Vermittlung der Nachbarsprachen und Kulturen an Kinder aus Kindergärten im Nachbarland erreicht werden. Sprache wird als ein Schlüssel für die Kommunikation und das gegenseitige Verständnis angesehen.
Klassenmanagement – Zur Gestaltung eines Rahmens für fremdsprachliche Lehr- und Lernprozesse.
Authors: Rozenberg Magdalena
Published: March 2021

Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, das Konzept des Klassenmanagements darzustellen. Dabei geht es um die Fragen: Welches Bild von Klassenmanagement zeigt die Forschung? In welchem Zusammenhang steht das Klassenmanagement mit der Unterrichtsqualität? Welches Verständnis von Unterricht steht hinter dem Konzept? Was sind seine wichtigsten Handlungsfelder und Handlungsmöglichkeiten? Und schließlich: Braucht die Fremdsprachendidaktik solche pädagogischen Konzepte, wie hier Klassenmanagement, für die Gestaltung eines Rahmens für fremdsprachliche Lehr- und Lernprozesse?
E. T. A. Hoffmanns Serpentina und der zeitgenössische exegetische Diskurs zu Genesis 3.
Authors: Balcarová Markéta
Published: March 2021

Bezüglich E. T. A. Hoffmanns Der Goldne Topf wird in der Forschung die durch die Hochzeit des Studenten Anselmus und der „Schlangenfrau“ Serpentina dargestellte poetische Initiation immer wieder zu Recht als höchst problematisch entlarvt. Der anzustrebende dichterische Zustand wird im Text selbst auf vielerlei Weise in seiner hochzuschätzenden Ausnahmestellung relativiert. Die Ambivalenz der poetischen Existenz wird in diesem Beitrag an dem Doppelcharakter der Hauptfigur Serpentina aufgezeigt, in der sich die Thematisierungen zweier unterschiedlicher Deutungen der biblischen Paradiesschlange bzw. der biblischen Geschichte Gen. 3 kreuzen.
Mit Kafka auf Kur. Nicht-literarische Texte auf der Bühne: ein handlungs- und produktionsorientiertes dramapädagogisches Verfahren zur Erschließung fremdsprachlicher Literatur
Authors: Blahak Boris
Published: March 2021

Der Beitrag stellt zunächst das Potential dramapädagogischer Verfahren, besonders von Dramatisierungen, die durch intertextuelle Wiederholung, Medien- und Gattungswechsel bestimmt werden, als produktive Formen der Literaturinterpretation für den fremdsprachlichen Literaturunterricht heraus. Folgend wird am Beispiel einer Drama-Werkstatt zur Inszenierung zweier Kafka-Schauspiele der besondere Wert der Dramatisierung (vorwiegend) nicht-literarischer Schriften eines Autors (Briefe, Tagebücher), die in intensiver Wechselbeziehung zu seinem literarischen Werk stehen, für ein vertieftes Verständnis des literatursoziologischen Kontexts seiner Literaturproduktion und dadurch auch seiner literarischen Schriften selbst herausgearbeitet.
Continuing Undergraduate Pathology Medical Education in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Global Pandemic: The Johns Hopkins Virtual Surgical Pathology Clinical Elective
Authors: White Marissa J. , Birkness Jacqueline E. , Salimian Kevan J. , Meiss Alice E. , Butcher Monica , Davis Katelynn , Ware Alisha D. , Zarella Mark D. , Lecksell Kristen , Rooper Lisa M. , Cimino-Mathews Ashley , VandenBussche Christopher J. , Halushka Marc K. , Thompson Elizabeth D.
Published: March 2021

Context.—

In the early months of the response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) (Baltimore, Maryland) leadership reached out to faculty to develop and implement virtual clinical clerkships after all in-person medical student clinical experiences were suspended.

Objective.—

To develop and implement a digital slide–based virtual surgical pathology (VSP) clinical elective to meet the demand for meaningful and robust virtual clinical electives in response to the temporary suspension of in-person clinical rotations at JHUSOM.

Design.—

The VSP elective was modeled after the in-person surgical pathology elective to include virtual previewing and sign-out with standardized cases supplemented by synchronous and asynchronous pathology educational content.

Results.—

Validation of existing Web communications technology and slide-scanning systems was performed by feasibility testing. Curriculum development included drafting of course objectives and syllabus, Blackboard course site design, electronic-lecture creation, communications with JHUSOM leadership, scheduling, and slide curation. Subjectively, the weekly schedule averaged 35 to 40 hours of asynchronous, synchronous, and independent content, approximately 10 to 11 hours of which were synchronous. As of February 2021, VSP has hosted 35 JHUSOM and 8 non-JHUSOM students, who have provided positive subjective and objective course feedback.

Conclusions.—

The Johns Hopkins VSP elective provided meaningful clinical experience to 43 students in a time of immense online education need. Added benefits of implementing VSP included increased medical student exposure to pathology as a medical specialty and demonstration of how digital slides have the potential to improve standardization of the pathology clerkship curriculum.
California Tool Works: Assessing the Impact of Life Science Incubators and Accelerators
Authors: Gardner Matt
Published: March 2021

With the proliferation of types and business models in incubation and acceleration, a landscape survey commenced nearly a decade ago with innovation professionals running accelerators, incubators, corporate innovation teams, venture studios, and maker spaces. The benchmarking continues under the auspices of the California Business Incubation Alliance. For this paper, a selected set of findings specific to biotechnology have been detailed, including best practices, success measures, outcomes, and economic impact. The perspective of entrepreneurs, innovation executives, investors, and the public sector have been taken into account throughout this exercise.