bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Health Status among Children with Repaired Esophageal Atresia
Authors: Ozsin-Ozler Cansu , Turgut Melek D. , Uzamis-Tekcicek Meryem , Soyer Tutku
Published: September 2020

Introduction Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital anomaly, presenting multifactorial etiology. Swallowing problems and gastroesophageal reflux disease may accompany EA, which have adverse effects on oral health.

Materials and Methods In this descriptive study, intraoral examination of the children with repaired EA and of the dental patients without systemic/chronic disease was performed. Dental caries, dental erosion, and halitosis status were evaluated using the International Caries Detection and Evaluation System II, and the Basic Erosive Wear Examination indices as well as the Halimeter, respectively.

Results There were 19 (n = 12 male; n = 7 female) case subjects and 16 (n = 10 male; n = 6 female) control subjects whose age ranged between 14 and 72 months. Among cases, 15 children had dental caries (78.9%; initial caries n = 4, moderate caries n = 4, and extensive caries n = 7). Of the controls, 13 had dental caries (81.2%; initial caries n = 5, moderate caries n = 5, and extensive caries n = 3). Although the median scores of decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) and decayed, missing, filled surfaces (dmfs)—for primary dentition—were not statistically significantly different between two groups, both dmft and dmfs were found to be higher among the case subjects (p = 0.172 for dmft; p = 0.230 for dmfs). Furthermore, six children with repaired EA had dental abnormalities (in shape, number, or calcification) and six children with repaired EA had dental erosion. The Halimeter measurement was performed for five case children of whom three had oral malodor, and for seven control children of whom two had oral malodor.

Conclusion Regular dental counseling adopting the multidisciplinary team approach for patients with EA is necessary to ensure better general and oral health.
Ileal Neoappendicostomy in the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence in Children
Authors: Abildgaaard Helle Attermann , Ellebæk Mark Bremholm , Rawashdeh Yazan F. , Qvist Niels
Published: September 2020

Introduction An antegrade colonic enema (ACE) via an appendicostomy has been shown to be effective in the management of functional bowel problems. In cases with a missing appendix, a neoappendicostomy may be considered.

Materials and Methods A retrospective review of clinical outcomes in children who underwent ileal neoappendicostomy for ACE. Medical records were reviewed for data on demography, intra- and postoperative complications. A follow-up questionnaire on stoma problems, ACE-related problems, bowel function, patient satisfaction, well-being, and effect on daily activities was performed.

Results Ten patients were included at an average age of 10.6 years at surgery. In half of the patients, minor postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo grade 2 or less) were found. Nine patients answered the questionnaire with a mean follow-up of 57 months. Despite complaints of stomal leakage, difficulties with catheterization, and pain during irrigation, they reported a high grade of satisfaction, improvements in well-being, and bowel function and the achievement of continence.

Conclusion Ileal neoappendicostomy may be an alternative to ACE in children with severe and medically intractable constipation and or/and fecal incontinence where the appendix is missing or not available.
Perspektiven in der Pandemie: Würde und Menschlichkeit im Blick behalten
Authors: Ekkernkamp Axel
Published: September 2020

In einem Fachmagazin der Gesundheitswirtschaft wie der kma können Sie zu Recht erwarten, dass sich die meisten Themen direkt oder indirekt mit Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten, Erlösquellen, Rendite-Erwartungen, Abschreibungs-Bedingungen – kurz gesagt mit Geld – beschäftigen.
Aufklärung und Vergütungsanspruch
Authors: Haser Isabel
Published: September 2020

Im GKV-Recht dient die Aufklärung auch der Wahrung des Wirtschaftlichkeitsgebots. Fehler können sich auf den Vergütungsanspruch einer Klinik auswirken.
The coughing body: etiquettes, techniques, sonographies and spaces
Authors: Brown Nik , Nettleton Sarah , Buse Chrissy , Lewis Alan , Martin Daryl
Published: September 2020

With newfound relevance in the context of Covid-19, we focus on the coughing body, building on an in-depth qualitative study of three UK lung infection clinics treating people with cystic fibrosis. Conceptually we take our cue from Norbert Elias and the way something as physiologically fundamental as coughing becomes the focus of etiquette and technique, touching also on themes central to Mary Douglas’ anthropology of pollution. This is explored through four themes. First, we show how coughing becomes a matter of biopolitical citizenship expressed through etiquettes that also displace pollution anxieties to surroundings. Second, coughing is a question of being assisted to cough through the mediation of professional skills, interventions and devices. Third, coughing is seen to be central to the sonographic soundscape of the healthcare environment whereby people learn to recognise (and sometimes misrecognise) each other through the ‘sound’ of the cough. Finally, coughing properly can be seen to have both a ‘time and a place’ including the retreat of the cough from public space into risky confined spaces. Our conclusion speculates on the way these insights shed light on aspects of life that, until the Covid-19 pandemic, lay largely hidden.
‘Is climate science taking over the science?’: A corpus-based study of competing stances on bias, dogma and expertise in the blogosphere
Authors: Pérez-González Luis
Published: September 2020

Climate change science has become an increasingly polarized site of controversy, where discussions on epistemological rigour are difficult to separate from debates on the impact that economic and political interests have on the production of evidence and the construction of knowledge. Little research has been conducted so far on the antagonistic discursive processes through which climate knowledge is being contested and traditional forms of expertise are being (de-)legitimized—whether by members of the scientific community or non-scientist actors. This corpus-based study contributes to previous scholarship on the climate science controversy in a number of respects. Unlike earlier studies based on the analysis of mainstream media articles, this paper interrogates a corpus of climate change blog posts published by scientists, journalists, researchers and lobbyists laying claim to core, contributory and interactional forms of expertise—as conceptualized within the third wave of science studies. Further, the corpus informing this study has been designed to reflect the complex and multivoiced nature of the climate knowledge production process. Drawn from five different blogs, the views represented are not confined to the two poles between which the entrenched dialectic of ‘alarmists’ versus ‘deniers’ is typically played out in the climate science debate. Following a systemic functional conceptualization of dialogic engagement as a means of positioning authorial voices vis-à-vis competing perspectives construed and referenced in a text, this paper reports on bloggers’ use of three lexical items (bias,dogmaandpeer review) to expose their reliance on (non-)epistemic values. Concordances and a range of visualization tools are used to gain systematic insights into the network of lexical choices that obtain around these items, and to gauge whether/how bloggers construct coherent authorial subjectivities in a bid to claim expert status and/or question the recognition of other players in the debate.
A strip-type boron-doped diamond heater synthesized by chemical vapor deposition for large-volume presses
Authors: Nishida Keisuke , Xie Longjian , Kim Eun Jeong , Katsura Tomoo
Published: September 2020

We have developed a high-pressure furnace assembly with a commercially available chemical-vapor-deposition synthesized boron-doped diamond heater consisting of four strips for large-volume multi-anvil presses (LVPs). This assembly successfully generated temperatures up to 2990 K at 15 GPa. It also has highly reproducible power–temperature relations, enabling us to estimate temperature from power reliably. It can be used for experiments above 9 GPa and is particularly useful for synchrotron x-ray experiments because of the x-ray transparency. It is also competitive in price. This technique is, thus, practical in various LVP experiments in the diamond-stability field.
Magnetic circular dichroism spectra from resonant and damped coupled cluster response theory
Authors: Faber R. , Ghidinelli S. , Hättig C. , Coriani S.
Published: September 2020

A computational expression for the Faraday A term of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) is derived within coupled cluster response theory and alternative computational expressions for the B term are discussed. Moreover, an approach to compute the (temperature-independent) MCD ellipticity in the context of coupled cluster damped response is presented, and its equivalence with the stick-spectrum approach in the limit of infinite lifetimes is demonstrated. The damped response approach has advantages for molecular systems or spectral ranges with a high density of states. Illustrative results are reported at the coupled cluster singles and doubles level and compared to time-dependent density functional theory results.
Energy harvesting with peptide nanotube–graphene oxide flexible substrates prepared with electric field and wettability assisted self-assembly
Authors: Almohammed Sawsan , Thampi Abi , Bazaid Arwa , Zhang Fengyuan , Moreno Salvador , Keogh Kevin , Minary-Jolandan Majid , Rice James H. , Rodriguez Brian J.
Published: September 2020

Piezoelectric diphenylalanine peptide nanotubes (PNTs) have recently been demonstrated in energy harvesting applications, typically based on vertically aligned PNTs that generate charge when pressed. In this work, we use a wettability difference and an applied electric field to align PNTs and PNT-based composites on flexible substrates. Open-circuit voltages and short-circuit currents exceeding 6 V and 60 nA, respectively, are achieved by bending the substrate, opening up the use of horizontally aligned PNTs as flexible energy harvesting substrates.
Simulated annealing with adaptive cooling rates
Authors: Karabin Mariia , Stuart Steven J.
Published: September 2020

As one of the most robust global optimization methods, simulated annealing has received considerable attention with many variations that attempt to improve the cooling schedule. This paper introduces a variant of molecular dynamics-based simulated annealing that is useful for optimizing atomistic structures, and makes use of the heat capacity of the system, determined on the fly during optimization, to adaptively control the cooling rate. This adaptive cooling approach is demonstrated to be more computationally efficient than classical simulated annealing when applied to Lennard-Jones clusters. The increase in efficiency is approximately a factor of two for clusters with 25–40 atoms, and improves as the size of the system increases.
Crystal imperfections in ice Ih
Authors: de Koning Maurice
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we present an overview of crystal imperfections in ice Ih. Due to its molecular nature, the fundamental asymmetry of the hydrogen bond, and proton disorder, crystal defects in this condensed form of water reveal a complexity not usually seen in atomic crystalline solids. The discussion is organized in terms of the spatial extent of the defects. We start with zero-dimensional imperfections such as the molecular vacancy and interstitial, Bjerrum, and ionic defects, as well as possible defect complexes that can be formed from them. Subsequently, we turn to the properties of dislocations, which are the one-dimensional disturbances that carry plastic deformation in crystalline solids. Finally, we discuss two-dimensional defects such as stacking faults and grain boundaries and discuss to what extent the latter are similar to other interfaces in ice Ih such as the free surface. We conclude with an outlook at the road ahead, discussing future challenges toward understanding the role of crystal defects in the macroscopic behavior of ice Ih.
Gaussian process model of 51-dimensional potential energy surface for protonated imidazole dimer
Authors: Sugisawa Hiroki , Ida Tomonori , Krems R. V.
Published: September 2020

The goal of the present work is to obtain accurate potential energy surfaces (PESs) for high-dimensional molecular systems with a small number of ab initio calculations in a system-agnostic way. We use probabilistic modeling based on Gaussian processes (GPs). We illustrate that it is possible to build an accurate GP model of a 51-dimensional PES based on 5000 randomly distributed ab initio calculations with a global accuracy of <0.2 kcal/mol. Our approach uses GP models with composite kernels designed to enhance the Bayesian information content and represents the global PES as a sum of a full-dimensional GP and several GP models for molecular fragments of lower dimensionality. We demonstrate the potency of these algorithms by constructing the global PES for the protonated imidazole dimer, a molecular system with 19 atoms. We illustrate that GP models thus constructed can extrapolate the PES from low energies (<10 000 cm−1), yielding a PES at high energies (>20 000 cm−1). This opens the prospect for new applications of GPs, such as mapping out phase transitions by extrapolation or accelerating Bayesian optimization, for high-dimensional physics and chemistry problems with a restricted number of inputs, i.e., for high-dimensional problems where obtaining training data is very difficult.
Epitaxial Al/GaAs/Al tri-layers fabricated using a novel wafer-bonding technique
Authors: McFadden Anthony P. , Goswami Aranya , Seas Michael , McRae Corey Rae H. , Zhao Ruichen , Pappas David P. , Palmstrøm Christopher J.
Published: September 2020

Epitaxial Al/GaAs/Al structures having controlled thickness of high-quality GaAs and pristine interfaces have been fabricated using a wafer-bonding technique. III–V semiconductor/Al structures are grown by molecular beam epitaxy on III–V semiconductor substrates and bonded to silicon and sapphire. Selective etching is used to remove the III–V substrate followed by surface cleaning and superconductor regrowth, resulting in epitaxial Al/GaAs/Al tri-layers on sapphire or silicon substrates. Structures are characterized with reflection high energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Applications of these structures to the field of quantum information processing are discussed.
Photochemically Induced Solid State Dimerisation of Resveratrol Analogues: A Greener Synthetic Process
Authors: Danylec Basil , Campi Eva M. , Forsyth Craig M. , Boysen Reinhard I. , Hearn Milton T. W.
Published: September 2020

The photochemical dimerisation of resveratrol analogues in the solid state to generate chiral phenyl substituted cyclobutanes is described. NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic methods have confirmed that the dimerisation leads to the head to tail orientation of the phenyl group substituents in the cyclobutane derivative. Interestingly, the parent compound, resveratrol, in the solid state, did not form a cyclobutane dimer, but the O-acetyl analogues gave the corresponding cyclobutane dimers in high yield, suggesting that the close packing of molecules together with the electron density through the conjugated double bond of the resveratrol structure are important determinants for photodimerisation to occur in the solid state.
Engineered biomimetic nanoparticle for dual targeting of the cancer stem-like cell population in sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma
Authors: Kim Jinhwan , Dey Abhinav , Malhotra Anshu , Liu Jingbo , Ahn Song Ih , Sei Yoshitaka J. , Kenney Anna M. , MacDonald Tobey J. , Kim YongTae
Published: September 2020

Significance

This study shows that an engineered biomimetic nanoparticle decorated with a targeting ligand and loaded with a sonic hedgehog inhibitor maintains its stability in the circulation, crosses the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and delivers drug molecules to the cancer stem-like cell population in sonic hedgehog subtype of medulloblastoma. Leveraging the natural capabilities of high-density lipoprotein, our nanoparticle enables the facilitated and targeted cellular uptake of drugs and receptor-mediated intracellular cholesterol depletion in medulloblastoma cells. Our successful in vivo validation of the nanocarrier performance suggests a new viable strategy by which to deliver other drugs that are reportedly unable to cross the BBB, have low bioavailability, and/or off-target effects for the treatment of brain tumors, including medulloblastoma.
Damage accelerates ice shelf instability and mass loss in Amundsen Sea Embayment
Authors: Lhermitte Stef , Sun Sainan , Shuman Christopher , Wouters Bert , Pattyn Frank , Wuite Jan , Berthier Etienne , Nagler Thomas
Published: September 2020

Significance

Pine Island Glacier and Thwaites Glacier in the Amundsen Sea Embayment are among the fastest changing outlet glaciers in Antarctica. Yet, projecting the future of these glaciers remains a major uncertainty for sea level rise. Here we use satellite imagery to show the development of damage areas with crevasses and open fractures on Pine Island and Thwaites ice shelves. These damage areas are first signs of their structural weakening as they precondition these ice shelves for disintegration. Model results that include the damage mechanism highlight the importance of damage for ice shelf stability, grounding line retreat, and future sea level contributions from Antarctica. Moreover, they underline the need for incorporating damage processes in models to improve sea level rise projections.
Distance-dependent regulation of NMDAR nanoscale organization along hippocampal neuron dendrites
Authors: Ferreira Joana S. , Dupuis Julien P. , Kellermayer Blanka , Bénac Nathan , Manso Constance , Bouchet Delphine , Levet Florian , Butler Corey , Sibarita Jean-Baptiste , Groc Laurent
Published: September 2020

Significance

Glutamatergic synapses onto pyramidal neurons are diverse in shape, size, and NMDAR-dependent long-term plasticity according to their dendritic location, i.e., proximal or distal to the soma. Deciphering the fine organization of NMDAR subtypes along the dendritic arbor of hippocampal neurons is key to understand the functional diversity of these various synapses. We unveil that the nanoscale organization of NMDAR changes as a function of distance from the soma in a subunit-specific and CaMKII interaction-dependent manner at proximal dendritic segments.
The seawater carbon inventory at the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Haynes Laura L. , Hönisch Bärbel
Published: September 2020

Significance

During the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) (56 Mya), the planet warmed by 5 to 8 °C, deep-sea organisms went extinct, and the oceans rapidly acidified. Geochemical records from fossil shells of a group of plankton called foraminifera record how much ocean pH decreased during the PETM. Here, we apply a geochemical indicator, the B/Ca content of foraminifera, to reconstruct the amount and makeup of the carbon added to the ocean. Our reconstruction invokes volcanic emissions as a driver of PETM warming and suggests that the buffering capacity of the ocean increased, which helped to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, our estimates confirm that modern CO
2
release is occurring much faster than PETM carbon release.
A new malaria vector in Africa: Predicting the expansion range of
Anopheles stephensi
and identifying the urban populations at risk
Authors: Sinka M. E. , Pironon S. , Massey N. C. , Longbottom J. , Hemingway J. , Moyes C. L. , Willis K. J.
Published: September 2020

Significance

In 2012, an unusual outbreak of malaria occurred in Djibouti City followed by increasingly severe annual outbreaks. Investigations revealed the presence of an Asian mosquito species;
Anopheles stephensi
, which thrives in urban environments.
An.
stephensi
has since been identified in Ethiopia and Sudan. By combining data for
An. stephensi
across its full range (Asia, Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa) with spatial models that identify the species’ preferred habitat, we provide evidence-based maps predicting the possible African locations where
An. stephensi
could establish if allowed to spread. Our results suggest over 126 million people in cities across Africa could be at risk. This supports the WHO’s call for targeted
An. stephensi
control and prioritized surveillance.
Netrin1 deficiency activates MST1 via UNC5B receptor, promoting dopaminergic apoptosis in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ahn Eun Hee , Kang Seong Su , Qi Qi , Liu Xia , Ye Keqiang
Published: September 2020

Significance

Netrin1 is an important molecule for dopaminergic neuronal survival and axon guidance. The Hippo/MST1/2 pathway plays a critical role in restricting tissue growth in adults and modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs as well as in the brain. Here, we demonstrate that Netrin1 is deficient in PD patient’s brain that activates Hippo/MST1 kinase, which selectively binds and phosphorylates netrin receptor UNC5B on T428 residue, promoting its apoptotic activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss. Hence, Netrin1 reduction acts as an extrinsic stimulus that triggers Hippo/MST1/YAP pathway activation, leading to dopaminergic neuronal loss in PD pathogenesis.
Microbial biomarkers reveal a hydrothermally active landscape at Olduvai Gorge at the dawn of the Acheulean, 1.7 Ma
Authors: Sistiaga Ainara , Husain Fatima , Uribelarrea David , Martín-Perea David M. , Ferland Troy , Freeman Katherine H. , Diez-Martín Fernando , Baquedano Enrique , Mabulla Audax , Domínguez-Rodrigo Manuel , Summons Roger E.
Published: September 2020

Significance

Molecular fossil biomarkers illuminate a geothermally active oasis landscape at Olduvai Gorge 1.7 Ma at the emergence of the Acheulean technology. This study on the local paleolandscape reveals a mosaic ecosystem with great biodiversity, rivers, edible resources, and hydrothermal features. Evidence of hydrothermalism was found near sites intensively used by early hominins. The geothermal activity described here may have influenced the use of the space at Olduvai Gorge and may have provided advantages, such as cooking, which has not been previously contemplated in the context of human evolution.
Supertertiary protein structure affects an allosteric network
Authors: Laursen Louise , Kliche Johanna , Gianni Stefano , Jemth Per
Published: September 2020

Significance

Protein function can be allosterically regulated by changes in structure or dynamics. PDZ domains are classic examples for studies of allostery in single protein domains. However, PDZ domains are often found in multidomain proteins; in particular, PDZ3 is located in a supramodule containing three domains. The allosteric network in PDZ3 has never been studied in the presence of the adjacent domains. Here we map the allosteric network for a PDZ3:ligand complex, both in isolation and in the context of a supramodule. We demonstrate that the allosteric network is highly dependent on this supertertiary structure, with broad implications for studies of allostery in single domains.
Extracellular microRNAs in human circulation are associated with miRISC complexes that are accessible to anti-AGO2 antibody and can bind target mimic oligonucleotides
Authors: Geekiyanage Hirosha , Rayatpisheh Shima , Wohlschlegel James A. , Brown Robert , Ambros Victor
Published: September 2020

Significance

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant inside cells, where they regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally, but are also found in circulation as remarkably stable extracellular constituents of body fluids such as human blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. We observed that these circulating miRNAs are predominantly associated with free Argonaut 2 (AGO2) complexes that are accessible to immunoprecipitation by AGO2 antibodies and are able to base-pair with complementary target RNAs, suggesting that, under normal physiological conditions, circulating miRNAs are largely contained in functional miRNA-mediated silencing complexes (miRISCs). However, we observe that, under certain pathological conditions, more miRNAs become associated with complexes other than free AGO2/miRISC, suggesting that the assortment of circulating miRNAs into distinct complexes offers a potential new dimension to miRNA-based diagnostics.
Polyamorphism of vapor-deposited amorphous selenium in response to light
Authors: Zhang Aixi , Jin Yi , Liu Tianyi , Stephens Richard B. , Fakhraai Zahra
Published: September 2020

Significance

Amorphous selenium (a-Se) has a complicated molecular structure with overcoordinated defects and dangling bonds. This light-sensitive structure can undergo significant changes including bond breakage, reconnection, and defect formation upon illumination with above-bandgap light. Light sensitivity makes a-Se a unique system to study the role of surface structure and dynamics on stable glass formation during physical vapor deposition. We show that illumination during deposition produces less dense, more anisotropic, and kinetically more stable glasses, due to better network formation at the surface. This is a demonstration that light can be used to manipulate surface properties to generate distinct polyamorphic solid states that are not accessible through liquid quenching or aging.
Hair cell α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor functional expression regulated by ligand binding and deafness gene products
Authors: Gu Shenyan , Knowland Daniel , Matta Jose A. , O’Carroll Min L. , Davini Weston B. , Dhara Madhurima , Kweon Hae-Jin , Bredt David S.
Published: September 2020

Significance

Auditory hair cells receive olivocochlear efferent innervation, which improves sound discrimination and mitigates acoustic trauma. The olivocochlear synapse involves α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which do not express in recombinant cell lines. Here, genome-wide screening determined that assembly and surface expression of α9α10 require ligand binding. Ion channel function additionally demands an auxiliary subunit, which can be transmembrane inner ear (TMIE) or TMEM132e. These single-pass transmembrane proteins are enriched in hair cells and underlie nonsyndromic human deafness. Inner hair cells from TMIE mutant mice show altered postsynaptic α9α10 function and abnormally retain α9α10-mediated transmission through development. This study identifies unexpected functions for human deafness genes TMIE/TMEM132e and enables drug discovery for this elusive nAChR implicated in prevalent auditory disorders.
Visual classification of running economy by distance running coaches
Authors: Cochrum Robbie G. , Conners Ryan T. , Caputo Jennifer L. , Coons John M. , Fuller Dana K. , Frame Mark C. , Morgan Don W.
Published: September 2020

Objectives: This study assessed the ability of coaches to rank‐order distance runners on running economy (RE) through visual assessment. Methods: Running economy was measured in five trained recreational distance runners at a speed of 3.57 m·s−1, with a minimum VO2 difference of 2‐mL.kg−1.min−1 between adjacent runners. Following measurement of RE, participants were filmed from the front, side, and rear while running on a treadmill. Endurance coaches from high school to international level (N = 121) viewed each video and ranked the runners on a scale from 1 (most economical) to 5 (least economical). Coaches also completed a demographic questionnaire and listed running style biomechanical observations they used in determining each ranking. A cumulative odds ordinal logistic regression with proportional odds was run to determine the effect of coaching level, years of coaching experience, years of training experience, competition level, certification status, and education level, on the ability of distance running coaching to accurately rank RE among a group of runners. Results: No coaching characteristic was a significant predictor of ranking accuracy, χ 2 = 3.566, p = .735. Conclusions: Visual assessment of effort, based on RE, is a difficult task, even for the trained eye and could be related to difficulty in understanding the interaction effect of various RE factors or the translation of scientific‐based knowledge to the field of play. Practically, coaches should be cautious when recommending biomechanical adjustments without considering the interconnected factors related to such changes.
Extreme renormalisations of dimer eigenmodes by strong light–matter coupling
Authors: Sturges Thomas J , Repän Taavi , Downing Charles A , Rockstuhl Carsten , Stobińska Magdalena
Published: September 2020

We explore by theoretical means an extreme renormalisation of the eigenmodes of a dimer of dipolar meta-atoms due to strong light–matter interactions. Firstly, by tuning the height of an enclosing photonic cavity, we can lower the energy level of the symmetric ‘bright’ mode underneath that of the anti-symmetric ‘dark’ mode. This is possible due to the polaritonic nature of the symmetric mode, that shares simultaneously its excitation with the cavity and the dimer. For a heterogeneous dimer, we show that the polariton modes can be smoothly tuned from symmetric to anti-symmetric, resulting in a variable mode localisation from extended throughout the cavity to concentrated around the vicinity of the dimer. In addition, we reveal a critical point where one of the meta-atoms becomes ‘shrouded’, with no response to a driving electric field, and thus the field re-radiated by the dimer is only that of the other meta-atom. We provide an exact analytical description of the system from first principles, as well as full-wave electromagnetic simulations that show a strong quantitative agreement with the analytical model. Our description is relevant for any physical dimer where dipolar interactions are the dominant mechanism.
Status and physics potential of the JUNO experiment
Authors: Perrot F
Published: September 2020

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton multipurpose liquid scintillator detector with an unprecedented energy resolution of 3% at 1 MeV being built in a dedicated underground laboratory in China and expected to start data taking in 2021. The main physics goal of the experiment is the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy with a significance of 3-4 σ within six years of running using electron antineutrinos coming from two nuclear power plants at a baseline of about 53 km. Beyond this fundamental question, JUNO will also have a very rich physics program including the precise measurement at a sub-percent level of the solar neutrino oscillation parameters, the detection of low-energy neutrinos coming from galactic core-collapse supernova, diffuse supernova background, the Sun and the Earth (geo-neutrinos). This manuscript will give an overview on the JUNO physics potential and the current status of the project.
An Experimental Study of Infrastructure Configuration for Improving AIS Coverage Area
Authors: Nooriansyah S , Kristianto D , Antara D S , Artana K B , Dinariyana A A B
Published: September 2020

In 2002 the International Maritime Organization (IMO) issued Regulation 19 and Annex 17, which requires the Automatic Identification System (AIS) to be installed on every ship with a size of 300 gross tonnages and above. One potential use of AIS as an assistance for anti-collision devices. AIS is not only to be installed on the ship but also can be installed on the shore and act as a base station. Hence, the monitoring of vessel traffic can be done by this base station. Indonesia is an archipelagic country with more than 17,000 islands spread over the country and also known as the second longest coastline in the world at 108,000 km. This paper aims to give some ideas on the establishment of land-based monitoring system infrastructure in Indonesia. Main Base Station (MBS) is used for AIS data storage, AIS data integration and processing in the core while Remote Base Station (RBS) is used for receiving AIS data from ships and then sent to MBS. In general, RBS uses two antenna are omnidirectional and yagi directional, each antenna will connect the AIS receiver. According to this configuration, the coverage of MBS is limited to 100 km into the sea from land. To increase the coverage area, a modification was done by adding several types of antennas and applying into the MBS and RBS integration system. The modification shows that the number of RBS to be installed to cover the same coverage area can be reduced. The MBS and RBS integration are not only covered the Surabaya but also Rembang, Semarang, Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta and Cilegon. The result of integration is the total ship each day for almost North Java Island and one place in South Java Island is 507 ship and average ship each day is 240.
The preliminary of Design and Movement of Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV)
Authors: Manullang S , Pusaka A , Setiawan A
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to design a mini Remote Operated Vehicles (ROV) which based on remote control underwater robot, and test its movements, the longitudinal and vertical movements in calm water. This research is still a preliminary research to find the best design for the ROV and its movement. The Mini ROV design is integrated into several design processes, making designs by using software, planning the selection of each component used in the mini ROV, designing mechanical construction, designing electronic construction, and the final stage is the integration of the entire design process. The results of this research decided that the best design of mini ROV is named “AF-150114. The ROV robot is made with a total dimension of 65 cm in length, 50 cm in width, and 25 cm in height. In the ROV body is made using fiberglass base material that every gap is coated with a seal so that the ROV impermeability can be maintained properly. In movement system, ROV uses two leaves of propeller to move forward and backward while using a ballast pump system to submerge and lift the ROV.
Designing innovative AtoNs for inland navigation based on IALA guidelines – Kenyir lake as a case study
Authors: Hasbullah M I , Osnin N A
Published: September 2020

Currently, there is no standardized framework for navigation in inland waters. This means that navigation is not bound to comply with international and national standards and requirements. One key element to ensure safety of navigation is Aids to Navigation (AtoNs). However, the non-standard AtoNs currently used on inland waters may lead to confusion and increased navigation risks. The safety of inland navigation is critically important in transporting people and goods. Consequently, appraisal of existing inland navigation practices is needed towards measuring the performance and availability of AtoNs in inland waters. This study is primarily to assess the use of AtoNs on Kenyir Lake in Malaysia to enhance safety and operational efficiency for navigation. Kenyir Lake is chosen as the subject of this study due to its multi-use functions where inland navigation is widely practiced. The study has practical importance in mitigating risks to human life, environment and economic potential as more users engages in navigation. Statistically, in 2015, Kenyir Lake records more than 700,000 users including tourists and local. There is an annual increase by 100,000 tourists each year which provides significant economic contributions. This study comprising of mixed method including observatory analysis, comparative analysis, Adaptable Design Method and Rapid Iterative Testing and Evaluation (RITE). The outcome of this study will be to provide the recommended design for AtoNs to be use for inland navigation that comply with IALA guidelines. The design is set to be more practical, cost effective and standardized.
Hand Motion Recognition of Shipyard Welder Using 9-DOF Inertial Measurement Unit and Multi Layer Perceptron Approach
Authors: Pribadi T W , Shinoda T
Published: September 2020

A viable system that can monitor the effective working time of welder in real-time is required to overcome the low use of effective welder time in the Shipbuilding Project in the Indonesian Shipyard. It is made possible by using a wearable sensor tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer. In this research, sensors are used to recognize typically hand motion of welder during welding activities: preparation, welding and cleaning slags, respectively in three welding positions 1G, 2G, and 3G. Initially, observations were made to recognize the relationship between welder activities and hand motion. Second, raw data containing hand movements from the welder is captured in the form of time-series signals using inertia sensors for various different activities. Third, the raw data of measurements for those activities is extracted and analyzed to identify significant features such as mean, root-mean-square, power spectral density using the welch method (autocorrelation, spectral peak, and spectral power). Finally, typical activities of welder are classified using the resulting feature data with Multi Layer Perceptron. The validation of results shows that the algorithm is capable to recognize the hand motion activities of the welder.
Hospital Ship Design for Public Health Services in the Foremost, Outermost, and Remote (FOR) Areas in Indonesia
Authors: Abdillah H N , Masroeri A A , Artana K B , Edfi R D
Published: September 2020

Indonesia National Health which is one of the achievement indicator of prosperity and prosperity of the people was still encountered many obstacles. Among many islands in Indonesia, there are only around 6,000 inhabited islands. Some of the islands, especially remote areas in the foremost, outmost and remote (FOR) areas, lack health services because the distribution of doctor or medical nurse rarely reaches these remote areas, and the difficulty of access to these areas also causes inequality in development, information flow, technology, education, and infrastructure compared to other regions. Health services are very important for the society, an alternative health service system needed to reaches FOR areas such as hospital ship concept. This concept not only offers health services but also access to education, training and other public facilities that can build up the prosperity.
The Importance of Establishing Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas in Lombok Strait: Maritime Security Perspective
Authors: Octavian A , Trismadi  , Lestari P
Published: September 2020

Shipping activities in the Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lane II (IASL II) of the Lombok Strait will likely to increase in the future and expose the areas maritime threats like sea damage and pollution. To preserve maritime security from any adverse effects caused by shipping activities, the Indonesian Government has designated these areas as Marine Protective Areas (MPAs). However, such areas still has to recognition as protected areas. The Indonesian Government has issued an internal policy demonstrating intent to establish the Lombok Strait as Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA), which has been discussed since 2008 but has not yet officially submitted to the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This research aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of PSSA enactment in Lombok Strait. The research employs qualitative methods with Soft System Methodology as the data analysis technique in attempt to analyze PSSA enactment, which is characterized as a complex and ill-defined problem. NVivo 12 Plus software is employed in this research to assist in data processing and triangulation. The research results showed that Lombok Strait’s enactment as PSSA could provide several advantages, especially in preserving maritime safety and protection of the environment.
Fuel Oil Consumption Monitoring and Predicting Gas Emission Based on Ship Performance using Automatic Identification System (AISITS) Data
Authors: Wijaya A T A , Ariana I M , Handani D W , Abdillah H N
Published: September 2020

The increasing number of ships has an impact on increasing the amount of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions produced by ships when operating. Analysis of IEA and ICCT shows the amount of emissions and consumption in 2007 to 2015 relatively increased. Ship exhaust emissions become one of the main sources of pollution of the marine environment. Pollutants originating from emissions of ships that have high CO, NOx, HC, SO2 and CO2, even sulphur pollutants can cause the risk of disruption of the human health system. Therefore monitoring technology is used by the user or operator to ensure that the ship operates efficiently. An integrated monitoring system is expected to report information such as fuel consumption, emissions and EEOI generated by the ship. The algorithm developed in this study uses the empirical formulation of the Holtrop Method (for basic resistance calculations) and the Stawave Method (for calculation of wind resistance, waves, draft changes and water properties) written in the PHP script programming. This programming is the basis of development at the interface of a program to bring up fuel monitoring data, EEOI and emissions in real time on each ship.
A System Dynamics Modelling for Converting Existing Tanker to FPSO
Authors: Ariestya A , Handani D W , Artana K B
Published: September 2020

Floating, Production, Storage, and Offloading (FPSO) is an offshore installation that is used to process and store crude oil from wells and then transport it using tankers to oil refineries. One common scheme in the construction of an FPSO is by converting a tanker into FPSO. The project to convert a tanker to an FPSO requires a very well planning considering that this facility is a very important facility in the upstream oil and gas industry. This study aims to determine aspects that can reduce costs in the project of converting a tanker to FPSO. In this study, the variables that can influence the cost of conversion of a tanker into FPSO project are determined by approaching the principle of customer satisfaction, called Quality, Cost, and Delivery. The solution to the problem is carried out using a system dynamics model approach to determine the causality relationship between variables and its effect on the cost of conversion. The analysis is taken by sensitivity analysis and give the result of the biggest variables that lead in cost of conversion respectively are shipyard class, penalty during production, lead time, subcon factor, amount of worker, and the accuracy of pricing. The simulation model produced using system dynamics modelling is expected to be able to provide a solution to reduce the project cost of conversion a tanker to FPSO to support oil and gas exploitation activities in Indonesia.
Risk Analysis on Modified Offloading System of LNG FSRU
Authors: Fadhil M , Handani D W , Dinariyana A A B
Published: September 2020

Electricity needs in various islands that are difficult to reach, prompting PT X to assist PT PLN in supplying natural gas fuel for power generation, using LNG technology. Small LNG carriers are designed to reach shallow water. Due to the height difference in the LNG carrier manifold being designed with the West Java FSRU manifold, it is not possible to carry out the loading and unloading process. Therefore the modification of loading and unloading equipment is needed. The modification of the West Java FSRU loading and unloading system was done to add the loading arm range to the small LNG carrier manifold. In 2013 WOAD (world Offshore Accident Data) stated, 9 accidents occurred during the process of loading and unloading liquid and 7 accidents that ended in fire. This study discusses a risk analysis on the loading and unloading system of West Java FSRU after modification. This study begins with hazard identification using. HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) method by analyzing the P&ID of modified loading and unloading system. Frequency analysis is done in to calculate an annual frequency of identified hazards and done using FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) and ETA (Event Tree Analysis) methods.
Risk Assessment of Subsea Pipeline of Natural Gas in The Cross Area: Case Study in West Java Waters
Authors: Ariany Z , Santoso B , Suharto
Published: September 2020

The Risk assessment for 20 inches’ pipeline of the Natural Gas from the Floating Storage Regasification Unit (FSRU) to the landing point which has long about 14 km is made due to the crossing pipes between existing and incoming pipe which has effect to ship activity of the Patimban Port and Operations Office (KSOP) working area. The depth of water in the assessed pipeline varies in the range of 0-16 m, from the outermost coastline 14 km to the FSRU. After the subsea pipeline installation, the area becomes a restricted/restricted zone so that only ships from existing and incoming who can operate in the area. The risk assessment of this gas pipeline is based on the assumption of the worst-case by ships operating around the pipeline. Assumed also that ships with the largest and heaviest anchors in each group of ships will drop and pull anchors so there is a risk of the existence of this gas pipeline. In the area of pipe crossing, the risk assessment will be carried out on the stability of the pipe stretch and land subsidence. The risk assessment methodology on this gas pipeline is carried out using Det Norske Veritas – recommended practice - F107 risk assessment of pipeline (DNV-RP-F107) as a reference. The frequency and consequences of several conditions and groups of ships are analyzed which will produce the level of risk, presented in the form of a risk assessment matrix to describe three risks as dropped anchor, dragged anchor and sinking ships also possibility impact of the damage. The results of the risk assessment become a reference for mitigation making and recommendations needed to improve the level of risk and impact of each case, therefore it can be ensured for all conditions do not have values that endanger the pipeline.
Application of Formal Safety Assessment for Ship Collision Risk Analysis in Surabaya West Access Channel
Authors: Purba P H , Dinariyana A A B , Handani D W , Rachman A F
Published: September 2020

In 2019, ship density of Surabaya West Access Channel reached 28,112 ships. The high number of vessel densities that exist in Surabaya West Access Channel (APBS), it is possible for ship collisions to occur. In this study, Formal Safety Assessment used for ship collision Risk Analysis in Surabaya West Access Channel (APBS). Formal Safety Assessment is a structured and systematic methodology developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) used to conduct risk assessments and also evaluates cost-benefit assessments to get some recommendations to improve safety in the maritime world, including protection of life, health, the marine environment, and property. To achieve the above objectives, IMO’s guidelines on the application should comprise the following steps; First step, Hazard Identification using Event Tree Analysis based on historical accident data. The second step, risk analysis is composed of two main activities: frequency calculating and consequence modeling. The frequency of ship collision was calculated using Traffic Based Model and for the consequence, Ansys software was used to model the structural damage of hull caused by the incident. The third step, Risk Control Option is used to get some options to prevent collisions. The fourth step, Cost-Benefit Assessment is used to identify and compare benefits and costs associated with the implementation of each RCO using Net Cost of Averting a Fatality (NCAF) and Gross Cost of Averting a Fatality (GCAF) Criteria. The last step of Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is Recommendations for Decision-Making to get some options for mitigation.