bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The control of acidity in tumor cells: a biophysical model
Authors: Piasentin Nicola , Milotti Edoardo , Chignola Roberto
Published: August 2020

Acidosis of the tumor microenvironment leads to cancer invasion, progression and resistance to therapies. We present a biophysical model that describes how tumor cells regulate intracellular and extracellular acidity while they grow in a microenvironment characterized by increasing acidity and hypoxia. The model takes into account the dynamic interplay between glucose and $$\hbox {O}_2$$

O
2

consumption with lactate and $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

production and connects these processes to $$\hbox {H}^+$$

H
+

and $$\hbox {HCO}_3^-$$

HCO
3
-

fluxes inside and outside cells. We have validated the model with independent experimental data and used it to investigate how and to which extent tumor cells can survive in adverse micro-environments characterized by acidity and hypoxia. The simulations show a dominance of the $$\hbox {H}^+$$

H
+

exchanges in well-oxygenated regions, and of $$\hbox {HCO}_3^-$$

HCO
3
-

exchanges in the inner hypoxic regions where tumor cells are known to acquire malignant phenotypes. The model also includes the activity of the enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase 9 (CA9), a known marker of tumor aggressiveness, and the simulations demonstrate that CA9 acts as a nonlinear $$\hbox {pH}_i$$

pH
i

equalizer at any $$\hbox {O}_2$$

O
2

level in cells that grow in acidic extracellular environments.
Identification of ultrasound imaging markers to quantify long bone regeneration in a segmental tibial defect sheep model in vivo
Authors: Tang Songyuan , Shajudeen Peer , Tasciotti Ennio , Righetti Raffaella
Published: August 2020

The healing of large bone defects has been investigated for decades due to its complexity and clinical relevance. Ultrasound (US) methods have shown promise in monitoring bone healing, but no quantitative method to assess regenerated bone morphology in US images has been presented yet. In this study, we investigate new US morphometric parameters to quantify bone regeneration in vivo. A segmental tibial defect was surgically created and stabilized in a sheep animal model. US and computed tomography (CT) imaging data were collected two months post-surgery. New bone was assessed, reconstructed and quantified from the US and CT data using 3 morphometric parameters: the new-bone bulk (NBB), new-bone surface (NBS) and new-bone contact (NBC). The distance (mm) between surface reconstructions from repeated US was $$0.49\pm 0.30$$

0.49
±
0.30

and from US and CT was $$0.89\pm 0.49$$

0.89
±
0.49

. In the mid-shaft of the defected tibia, US measurements of NBB, NBS and NBC were significantly higher than the corresponding CT measurements ($$p < 0.001$$

p
<
0.001

). Based on our results, we conclude that US may complement CT to reconstruct and quantify bone regrowth, especially in its early stages.
Experimental study of the nonreciprocal effective interactions between microparticles in an anisotropic plasma
Authors: Lisin E. A. , Petrov O. F. , Sametov E. A. , Vaulina O. S. , Statsenko K. B. , Vasiliev M. M. , Carmona-Reyes J. , Hyde T. W.
Published: August 2020

There is a variety of cases in nature when the action–reaction symmetry is broken. In particular, suitable conditions for this are realized in colloidal suspensions and complex plasmas. Since the first theories and simulations of the nonreciprocal effective interactions between microparticles in complex plasmas were published in 1995–1996, there have been hundreds of studies in the theoretical development of this theme. However, despite such a rich theoretical background, one of the important unsolved problems is a direct experimental determination of the nonreciprocal interparticle interaction forces. Here, we studied experimentally in detail the forces of the nonreciprocal effective interaction between microparticles suspended a radio-frequency produced plasma sheath. For this purpose, an experimental method based on an analysis of the spectral density of random processes in an open dissipative two-particle system was developed. In contrast to previous investigations, the proposed method takes into account random and dissipative processes in the system, does not require a special design of the experimental setup and any external perturbations, pre-measurements of external fields and any assumptions about the type of interaction. We found that even small charge changes of one particle, caused by its thermal motion in a wake field of another particle, can lead to a significant change in the effective (measurable) interaction between the particles.
Risk of shoreline hardening and associated beach loss peaks before mid-century: Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi
Authors: Tavares Kammie-Dominique , Fletcher Charles H. , Anderson Tiffany R.
Published: August 2020

Shoreline hardening, which causes beach loss globally, will accelerate with sea level rise (SLR), causing more beach loss if management practices are not changed. To improve beach conservation efforts, current and future shoreline hardening patterns on sandy beaches need deeper analysis. A shoreline change model driven by incremental SLR (0.25, 0.46, 0.74 m) is used to simulate future changes in the position of an administrative hazard zone, as a proxy for risk of hardening at all sandy beaches on the island of O‘ahu, Hawai ‘i. In Hawai ‘i, hardening can be triggered when evidence of erosion is within 6.1 m (“20 ft”) of certain structures, allowing an applicant to request emergency protection. Results show an increase in shoreline vulnerability to hardening with SLR governed by backshore land use patterns. The largest increase (+ 7.6%) occurred between modern-day and 0.25 m of SLR (very likely by year 2050) with half of all beachfront shoreline at risk by 0.74 m of SLR. Maximum risk of shoreline hardening and beach loss is projected to occur from modern-day and near-term hardening because of the heavily developed aspect of some shoreline segments. Adaptation to SLR should be considered an immediate need—not solely a future issue.
Identification of potential diagnostic gene biomarkers in patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Xinling , Yu Yang , Huang Yong , Zhu Mingshuang , Chen Rigao , Liao Zhanghui , Yang Shipeng
Published: August 2020

The current study was aimed to identify diagnostic gene signature for osteoarthritis (OA). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in synovial membrane samples and blood samples were respectively identified from the GEO dataset. The intersection DEGs between synovial membrane and blood were further screened out, followed by the functional annotation of these common DEGs. The optimal intersection gene biomarkers for OA diagnostics were determined. The GSE51588 dataset of articular cartilage was used for expression validation and further diagnostic analysis validation of identified gene biomarkers for OA diagnostics. There were 379 intersection DEGs were obtained between the synovial membrane and blood samples of OA. 22 DEGs had a diagnostic value for OA. After further screening, a total of 9 DEGs including TLR7, RTP4, CRIP1, ZNF688, TOP1, EIF1AY, RAB2A, ZNF281 and UIMC1 were identified for OA diagnostic. The identified DEGs could be considered as potential diagnostic biomarkers for OA.
Exploring the potential of TEM analysis for understanding cooking at prehistoric feasting sites
Authors: Faillace Katie E. , Foody M. George B. , Madgwick Richard
Published: August 2020

This study explores the utility of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of bone collagen for investigating prehistoric cooking. Approaches to cooking practices have relied principally on artefactual evidence, macroscopic bone modification, and organic residue analysis. However, direct evidence for cooking of bone has been limited. Richter and Koon successfully applied TEM analysis of collagen to determine heating to modern and medieval bones, but this method has yet to be experimentally tested using prehistoric remains. Collagen will denature at relatively low temperatures, such as during roasting, boiling, or baking. The denaturation of collagen causes predictable structural changes that can be viewed through TEM. Zooarchaeological remains of sheep and pig with minimal taphonomic modifications were analysed from four later prehistoric (c. 800–500BC) sites in Britain (n = 33). Humeri and phalanges were selected to compare elements with high and low meat yields. Samples were classified into ‘Heated’ and ‘Unheated’ groups consistent with previous studies, and variable patterns were observed between different sites and taxa. Analytical limitations have hindered the study of cooking in the past, but this study demonstrates the potential of this taphonomic method for exploring prehistoric cooking practices and provides a springboard for wider studies.
Magnetotransport and magnetic properties of amorphous $$\mathrm{NdNi}_5$$ thin films
Authors: Cirillo Carla , Barone Carlo , Bradshaw Harry , Urban Francesca , Di Bernardo Angelo , Mauro Costantino , Robinson Jason W. A. , Pagano Sergio , Attanasio Carmine
Published: August 2020

$$\mathrm{NdNi}_5$$NdNi5is an intermetallic compound with a bulk Curie temperature ($$T_{\mathrm{Curie}}$$TCurie) of 6–13 K. While existing studies have focused on$$\mathrm{NdNi}_5$$NdNi5crystals, amorphous thin-films of$$\mathrm{NdNi}_5$$NdNi5are potentially important since they would be magnetically soft without magnetocrystalline anisotropy, meaning that small external magnetic fields could reverse the direction of their magnetization. Here, we report$$\mathrm{NdNi}_5$$NdNi5thin-films with a thickness in the 5–200 nm range, deposited by DC magnetron sputtering onto Si(100). Films are amorphous with a weak temperature-dependent resistivity with values ranging between 150 and 300$$\upmu \Omega$$μΩcm. By means of noise spectroscopy, by analyzing the time-dependence of fluctuation-induced voltages, it is found that at low temperatures the resistance fluctuations are due to the Kondo effect. Volume magnetometry indicates$$T_{\mathrm{Curie}} = 70$$TCurie=70K with a magnetic coercive field of 30 mT at 5 K for a 125-nm-thick film. The results are promising for the development of Ferromagnet(F)/Superconductor(S)/Ferromagnet(F) pseudo spin-valve devices based on amorphous$$\mathrm{NdNi}_5$$NdNi5thin films.
The stability of conditional cooperation: beliefs alone cannot explain the decline of cooperation in social dilemmas
Authors: Andreozzi Luciano , Ploner Matteo , Saral Ali Seyhun
Published: August 2020

An often-replicated result in the experimental literature on social dilemmas is that a large share of subjects choose conditionally cooperative strategies. Cooperation generated by such choices is notoriously unstable, as individuals reduce their contributions to the public good in reaction to other subjects’ free-riding. This has led to the widely-held conclusion that cooperation observed in experiments (and its decline) is mostly driven by imperfect reciprocity. In this study, we explore the possibility that the type of reciprocally cooperative choices observed in experiments may themselves evolve over time. We do so by observing the evolution of subjects’ choices in an anonymously repeated social dilemma. Our results show that a significant fraction of reciprocally cooperative subjects become unconditional defectors in the course of the experiment, while the reverse is rarely observed.
Altered serum protein levels in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis indicate calcium and immunity dysregulation
Authors: Katzeff Jared S. , Bright Fiona , Lo Kitty , Kril Jillian J. , Connolly Angela , Crossett Ben , Ittner Lars M. , Kassiou Michael , Loy Clement T. , Hodges John R. , Piguet Olivier , Kiernan Matthew C. , Halliday Glenda M. , Kim Woojin Scott
Published: August 2020

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are neurodegenerative diseases that are considered to be on the same disease spectrum because of overlapping genetic, pathological and clinical traits. Changes in serum proteins in FTD and ALS are poorly understood, and currently no definitive biomarkers exist for diagnosing or monitoring disease progression for either disease. Here we applied quantitative discovery proteomics to analyze protein changes in FTD (N = 72) and ALS (N = 28) patient serum compared to controls (N = 22). Twenty three proteins were significantly altered in FTD compared to controls (increased—APOL1, C3, CTSH, EIF5A, MYH2, S100A8, SUSD5, WDR1; decreased—C1S, C7, CILP2, COMP, CRTAC1, EFEMP1, FBLN1, GSN, HSPG2, IGHV1, ITIH2, PROS1, SHBG, UMOD, VASN) and 14 proteins were significantly altered in ALS compared to controls (increased—APOL1, CKM, CTSH, IGHG1, IGKC, MYH2; decreased—C7, COMP, CRTAC1, EFEMP1, FBLN1, GSN, HSPG2, SHBG). There was substantial overlap in the proteins that were altered in FTD and ALS. These results were validated using western blotting. Gene ontology tools were used to assess functional pathways potentially dysregulated in the two diseases, and calcium ion binding and innate immunity pathways were altered in both diseases. When put together, these results suggest significant overlap in pathophysiological peripheral changes in FTD and ALS. This study represents the first proteomics side-by-side comparison of serum changes in FTD and ALS, providing new insights into under-recognized perturbed pathways and an avenue for biomarker development for FTD and ALS.
Evaluation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated anticancer response against tumor interstitium-simulating physical barriers
Authors: Chen Shu-Ching , Wu Po-Cheng , Wang Chiao-Yi , Kuo Po-Ling
Published: August 2020

Tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) is a promising agent for cancer therapy. Most solid tumors are characterized by increased interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and dense collagen capsule, which form physical barriers to impede cancer treatment. However, it remains unclear how CTL-mediated anticancer response is affected at the presence of these obstacles. Using a microfluidic-based platform mimicking these obstacles, we investigated the migration characteristics and performance of anticancer response of CTLs targeting hepatic cancer cells via antigen-specific and allogeneic recognition. The device consisted of slit channels mimicking the narrow interstitial paths constrained by the fibrous capsule and increased IFP was simulated by applying hydrostatic pressure to the tumor center. We found that antigen-specificity of CTLs against the targeted cancer cells determined the cytotoxic efficacy of the CTLs but did not significantly affect the success rate in CTLs that attempted to infiltrate into the tumor center. When increased IFP was present in the tumor center, CTL recruitment to tumor peripheries was promoted but success of infiltration was hindered. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating the physical characteristics of tumor interstitum into the development of CTL-based cancer immunotherapy.
Dewetting behavior of Ge layers on SiO2 under annealing
Authors: Shklyaev A. A. , Latyshev A. V.
Published: August 2020

The solid-state dewetting phenomenon in Ge layers on SiO2 is investigated as a function of layer thickness dGe (from 10 to 86 nm) and annealing temperature. The dewetting is initiated at about 580–700 °C, depending on dGe, through the appearance of surface undulation leading to the particle formation and the rupture of Ge layers by narrow channels or rounded holes in the layers with the thicknesses of 10–60 and 86 nm, respectively. The channel widths are significantly narrower than the distance between the particles that causes the formation of thinned Ge layer areas between particles at the middle dewetting stage. The thinned areas are then agglomerated into particles of smaller sizes, leading to the bimodal distributions of the Ge particles which are different in shape and size. The existence of a maximum in the particle pair correlation functions, along with the quadratic dependence of the corresponding particle spacing on dGe, may indicate the spinodal mechanism of the dewetting in the case of relatively thin Ge layers. Despite the fact that the particle shape, during the solid-state dewetting, is not thermodynamically equilibrium, the use of the Young’s equation and contact angles allows us to estimate the particle/substrate interface energy.
Nomogram for individualized prediction of incident multidrug-resistant tuberculosis after completing pulmonary tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Cheng Qinglin , Zhao Gang , Wang Xuchu , Wang Le , Lu Min , Li Qingchun , Wu Yifei , Huang Yinyan , Jia Qingjun , Xie Li
Published: August 2020

The purposes of this study were to construct a comprehensive nomogram for providing a simple, precise and personalized prediction of incident multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) after completing pulmonary tuberculosis treatment (CPTBT). A matched case–control study (1:2 ratios) was performed between 2005 and 2018. A multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate independent predictors of incident MDR-TB after the CPTBT. A comprehensive nomogram was developed based on the multivariable Cox model. Overall, 1, 836 participants were included in this study. We developed and validated a simple-to-use nomogram that predicted the individualized risk of incident MDR-TB by using 10 parameters after the CPTBT. The concordance index of this nomogram was 0.833 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.807–0.859] and 0.871 (95% CI 0.773–0.969) for the training and validation sets, respectively, which indicated adequate discriminatory power. The calibration curves for the risk of incident MDR-TB showed an optimal agreement between nomogram prediction and actual observation in the training and validation sets, respectively. The high sensitivity and specificity of nomogram was indicated by using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Through this clinic tool, TB control executives could more precisely monitor, estimate and intervene the risk of incident MDR-TB among individuals with CPTBT.
Effects of occlusal disharmony on susceptibility to atrial fibrillation in mice
Authors: Suita Kenji , Yagisawa Yuka , Ohnuki Yoshiki , Umeki Daisuke , Nariyama Megumi , Ito Aiko , Hayakawa Yoshio , Matsuo Ichiro , Mototani Yasumasa , Saeki Yasutake , Okumura Satoshi
Published: August 2020

Tooth loss or incorrect positioning causes occlusal disharmony. Furthermore, tooth loss and atrial fibrillation (AF) are both risk factors for ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that occlusal disharmony-induced stress increases susceptibility to AF, and we designed the present study to test this idea in mice. Bite-opening (BO) was done by cementing a suitable appliance onto the mandibular incisor to cause occlusal disharmony by increasing the vertical height of occlusion by 0.7 mm for a period of 2 weeks. AF susceptibility, evaluated in terms of the duration of AF induced by transesophageal burst pacing, was significantly increased concomitantly with atrial remodeling, including fibrosis, myocyte apoptosis and oxidative DNA damage, in BO mice. The BO-induced atrial remodeling was associated with increased calmodulin kinase II-mediated ryanodine receptor 2 phosphorylation on serine 2814, as well as inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. However, co-treatment with propranolol, a non-selective β-blocker, ameliorated these changes in BO mice. These data suggest that improvement of occlusal disharmony by means of orthodontic treatment might be helpful in the treatment or prevention of AF.
Stabilization of a honeycomb lattice of IrO6 octahedra by formation of ilmenite-type superlattices in MnTiO3
Authors: Miura Kei , Fujiwara Kohei , Nakayama Kei , Ishikawa Ryo , Shibata Naoya , Tsukazaki Atsushi
Published: August 2020

In quantum spin liquid research, thin films are an attractive arena that enables the control of magnetic interactions via epitaxial strain and two-dimensionality, which are absent in bulk crystals. Here, as a promising candidate for the development of quantum spin liquids in thin films, we propose a robust ilmenite-type oxide with a honeycomb lattice of edge-sharing IrO6 octahedra artificially stabilised by superlattice formation using the ilmenite-type antiferromagnetic oxide MnTiO3. Stabilised sub-unit-cell-thick Mn–Ir–O layers are isostructural to MnTiO3 and have an atomic arrangement corresponding to ilmenite-type MnIrO3. By performing spin Hall magnetoresistance measurements, we observe that antiferromagnetic ordering in the ilmenite Mn sublattice is suppressed by modified magnetic interactions in the MnO6 planes via the IrO6 planes. These findings contribute to the development of two-dimensional Kitaev candidate materials, accelerating the discovery of exotic physics and applications specific to quantum spin liquids.
Deconjugated butenolide: a versatile building block for asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Ray Choudhury Abhijnan , Mukherjee Santanu
Published: August 2020

Deconjugated butenolides have emerged as a popular synthon for the enantioselective synthesis of γ-lactones. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the catalytic asymmetric reactions of deconjugated butenolides reported till date.
A versatile strategy to synthesize N-methyl-anthranilic acid-labelled glycoprobes for fluorescence-based screening assays
Authors: Bertin-Jung Isabelle , Robert Anne , Ramalanjaona Nick , Gulberti Sandrine , Bui Catherine , Vincourt Jean-Baptiste , Ouzzine Mohamed , Jacquinet Jean-Claude , Lopin-Bon Chrystel , Fournel-Gigleux Sylvie
Published: August 2020

Here we propose a general strategy to label carbohydrates with N-methyl-anthranilic acid to generate glycotools for fluorescence-based screening and carbohydrate–protein interaction studies.
Simultaneous regulation of optical properties and cellular behaviors of gold nanoclusters by pre-engineering the biotemplates
Authors: Zhong Wencheng , Wen Mengyao , Xu Jie , Wang Haixia , Tan Li-Li , Shang Li
Published: August 2020

Upon pre-engineering the surface charged groups of biotemplates, both optical properties and cellular behaviors of fluorescent gold nanoclusters can be simultaneously modulated.
Tm filtering by 1H-methyl labeling in a deuterated protein for pulsed double electron–electron resonance EPR
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Clore G. Marius
Published: August 2020

Methyl protonation in a deuterated protein background is used to assign DEER-derived multimodal distance distributions by phase-memory relaxation time filtering.
Surface engineered 2D materials for photocatalysis
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Shi Litong , Huang Hongwei , Song Ximing , Ma Tianyi
Published: August 2020

2D materials, with thin thickness, large lateral size and abundant exposed surface atoms with dominant facets, provide ideal platforms for carrying out surface engineering at the atomic level for optimizing their photocatalytic performance.
Synthesis of NbSe2single-crystalline nanosheet arrays for UV photodetectors
Authors: Hu Xin , Xu Enze , Xiang Shuguang , Chen Zhicheng , Zhou Xue , Wang Ning , Guo Hongmei , Ruan Limin , Hu Yongbin , Li Changrun , Liang Dong , Jiang Yang , Li Guohua
Published: August 2020

Single-crystalline NbSe2nanosheet arrays were synthesizedviaa CVD method. The NbSe2nanosheet arrays based photodetectors show very high responsivity and external quantum efficiency to UV light.
Infrared spectroscopic observation of the McLafferty rearrangement in ionized 2-pentanone
Authors: Yasumoto Ryo , Matsuda Yoshiyuki , Fujii Asuka
Published: August 2020

The isomerization mechanism of ionized 2-pentanone is investigated by infrared predissociation spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The observation of OH stretch demonstrates its enolization through the McLafferty rearrangement.
On the irrelevancy of hydroxyl radical to DNA damage from oxidative stress and implications for epigenetics
Authors: Fleming Aaron M. , Burrows Cynthia J.
Published: August 2020

Carbonate radical anion, not hydroxyl radical, is the principal reactive oxygen species generated from endogenous oxidative stress endowing epigenetic features to guanine oxidation products in DNA.
Bis-cyclometallated Ir(iii) complexes containing 2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine ligands; influence of substituents and cyclometallating ligands on response to changes in pH
Authors: Abdolla Noreldin S. Y. , Davies David L. , Lowe Mark P. , Singh Kuldip
Published: August 2020

pH profile switches direction when C^N changes from ppy to ppz and when a CF3 substituent is added to C^N ligand.
Rational synthesis of a ZIF-67@Co–Ni LDH heterostructure and derived heterogeneous carbon-based framework as a highly efficient multifunctional sulfur host
Authors: Li Hongtai , Jin Quan , Zhao Jie , Wang Bao , Guo Xiaodong
Published: August 2020

A core-shelled heterogeneous carbon-based framework induced a smooth “immobilization–diffusion–conversion–deposition” process of polysulfides and significantly improved the performance of Li–S batteries.
Power-to-liquidviasynthesis of methanol, DME or Fischer–Tropsch-fuels: a review
Authors: Dieterich Vincent , Buttler Alexander , Hanel Andreas , Spliethoff Hartmut , Fendt Sebastian
Published: August 2020

A review of power-to-liquid for methanol, DME and FT-fuels focusing on commercial synthesis technologies and current power-to-liquid concepts.
Visible-light-mediated minisci C–H alkylation of heteroarenes with 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines using O2 as an oxidant
Authors: Dong Jianyang , Yue Fuyang , Xu Wentao , Song Hongjian , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin
Published: August 2020

Minisci C–H alkylation of N-heteroarenes with 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines at room temperature with molecular oxygen as an oxidant was developed.
Wet esterification of never-dried cellulose: a simple process to surface-acetylated cellulose nanofibers
Authors: Beaumont Marco , Winklehner Stefan , Veigel Stefan , Mundigler Norbert , Gindl-Altmutter Wolfgang , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas
Published: August 2020

The here-introduced concept of the wet esterification enables direct modification of never-dried cellulose fibres in aqueous media and is a straight-forward and sustainable avenue towards surface-acetylated cellulose nanofibers.
Life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of ammonia production from renewable resources and industrial by-products
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Elgowainy Amgad , Wang Michael
Published: August 2020

Ammonia from renewables and industrial by-products has lower lifecycle fossil-energy use and greenhouse gases emissions than ammonia from natural gas.
Distance-based paper/PMMA integrated ELISA-chip for quantitative detection of immunoglobulin G
Authors: Abate Mahlet Fasil , Ahmed Metages Gashaw , Li Xingrui , Yang Chaoyong , Zhu Zhi
Published: August 2020

A simple, portable, and equipment-free paper/PMMA integrated ELISA-chip was developed with visual distance readout for sensitive, rapid, and quantitative detection of IgG, which holds great promise for POC testing in resource-limited setup.
Nanomechanical behavior and interfacial deformation beyond the elastic limit in 2D metal–organic framework nanosheets
Authors: Zeng Zhixin , Flyagina Irina S. , Tan Jin-Chong
Published: August 2020

Quantitative nanoscale mechanics of 2D MOF nanosheets containing atomic scale porosity, revealing interfacial failure mechanisms triggered by using a diamond AFM nanoindenter. This methodology can be applied to numerous van der Waals solids.
Synthesis and structural characterisation of bulky heptaaromatic (hetero)aryl o-substituted s-aryltetrazines
Authors: Mboyi Clève D. , Daher Ahmad , Khirzada Neelab , Devillers Charles H. , Cattey Hélène , Fleurat-Lessard Paul , Roger Julien , Hierso Jean-Cyrille
Published: August 2020

Hexaphenylbenzene analogs with an electron-poor tetrazine core are synthesized in two high-yield steps from diphenyl-s-tetrazine. Crystal packing of these unique non-planar heptaaromatics is analyzed in details.
A mussel-inspired osteogenesis microenvironment with bioactive peptides for the dual-functionalization of biomedical substrates
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Xu Yang
Published: August 2020

A facile but useful peptide modified strategy for the dual-functionalization of biomedical implants with cell-adhesion-enhancing as well as differentiation-inducing abilities.
Investigation of swelling, mechanical and recycling properties of heat-repairing materials
Authors: Wang Bao , Li Zhiying
Published: August 2020

A cross-linked polymer with excellent application potential in environmental protection recycling was synthesized based on the Diels–Alder reaction.
Multinary PtPdNiP truncated octahedral mesoporous nanocages for enhanced methanol oxidation electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Hongjing , Liu Songliang , Zhang Hugang , Yin Shuli , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Liang
Published: August 2020

Multinary PtPdNiP TOMNs have been synthesized for the electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction with a superior electrocatalytic performance.
Fusarium: a treasure trove of bioactive secondary metabolites
Authors: Li Mingzhu , Yu Ronglu , Bai Xuelian , Wang Hong , Zhang Huawei
Published: August 2020

Fusarium, one of the most common fungal genera, has received considerable attention because of its biosynthetic exuberance, the result of many unique gene clusters involved in the production of secondary metabolites.
Hot off the Press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: August 2020

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as baphicacanthcusine A from Baphicacanthus cusia.
Identification of recombination losses and charge collection efficiency in a perovskite solar cell by comparing impedance response to a drift-diffusion model
Authors: Riquelme Antonio , Bennett Laurence J. , Courtier Nicola E. , Wolf Matthew J. , Contreras-Bernal Lidia , Walker Alison B. , Richardson Giles , Anta Juan A.
Published: August 2020

Interpreting the impedance response of perovskite solar cells is significantly more challenging than for most other photovoltaics. Here we provide a way to obtain useful information from the spectrum using insights from drift-diffusion simulation.
Atomic level termination for passivation and functionalisation of silicon surfaces
Authors: Grant Nicholas E. , Pointon Alex I. , Jefferies Richard , Hiller Daniel , Han Yisong , Beanland Richard , Walker Marc , Murphy John D.
Published: August 2020

The termination of silicon surfaces is studied from the nanometre to the centimetre scale, with differences in behaviour between hydrogen and fluorine terminated surfaces persisting after some subsequent surface passivation treatments.
Novel electrode geometry for high performance CF/Fe2O3 based planar solid state micro-electrochemical capacitors
Authors: Kumar Sumana , Telpande Swanand , Manikandan Veera , Kumar Praveen , Misra Abha
Published: August 2020

A novel geometry of sharp-edged electrodes for planar micro-electrochemical capacitors is utilized for an enhanced performance compared to the conventionally used interdigitated electrodes.
Recent progress of 1,1-difunctionalization of olefins
Authors: Yang Shuang , Chen Yuhang , Ding Zhenhua
Published: August 2020

Olefins are a very important class of compounds and broadly used in the construction of various synthetic building blocks and practical industrial production.
Divergent synthesis of 1,3,5-tri and 1,3-disubstituted pyrazoles under transition metal-free conditions
Authors: Ma Liyao , Ou Pengcheng , Huang Xueliang
Published: August 2020

Pyrazole cores are common structural motifs existing in various agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.
A new generation of hollow polymeric microfibers produced by gas dissolution foaming
Authors: Barroso-Solares Suset , Cuadra-Rodriguez Daniel , Rodriguez-Mendez Maria Luz , Rodriguez-Perez Miguel Angel , Pinto Javier
Published: August 2020

A new and straightforward route to produce polymeric hollow microfibers has been proposed, for the first time, using a gas dissolution foaming approach.
Charge generation mechanism tuned via film morphology in small molecule bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic materials
Authors: Lou Sylvia J. , Loser Stephen , Luck Kyle A. , Zhou Nanjia , Leonardi Matthew J. , Timalsina Amod , Manley Eric F. , Hayes Dugan , Strzalka Joseph , Hersam Mark C. , Chang Robert P. H. , Marks Tobin J. , Chen Lin X.
Published: August 2020

Exciton evolution with PC61BM loading in small molecule BHJ layers revealed by GIWAXS and ultrafast optical transient absorption spectroscopy.
LncRNA DLX6-AS1 as a potential molecular biomarker in the clinicopathology and prognosis of various cancers: a meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Shubo , Liu Jinglei , Kong Shuai , Peng Lipan
Published: August 2020

Objective: Recent studies have shown that distal-less homeobox 6 antisense 1 (DLX6-AS1) is aberrantly expressed in various cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. This meta-analysis is designed to investigate the effects of DLX6-AS1 expression on clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. Methods: All eligible studies were searched from Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Wanfang database, up to August 2019. The literature was selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria listed in this work, and the quality of each eligible study was assessed. Each patient’s clinicopathological features and survival data were analyzed using Stata12.0 software. Begg’s test and sensitivity analysis were also conducted. Results: A total of 12 articles were included, covering 841 patients. Results showed that high expression of DLX6-AS1 was significantly closely associated with poor overall survival in tumor patients (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.30, confidence interval (95% CI): 1.70–3.09, P<0.01). This meta-analysis also showed that overexpression of DLX6-AS1 was significantly associated with tumor stage (P<0.01), tumor size (P<0.01), lymph node metastasis (P<0.01), and distant metastasis (P<0.01). Begg’s test suggested no publication bias. Conclusion: This meta-analysis revealed that high expression of DLX6-AS1 was related to the advanced clinicopathological characteristics of human digestive system cancers (gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma) and other cancers such as ovarian cancer, osteosarcoma and non-small cell lung cancer, and DLX6-AS1 has important predictive value for poor prognosis. However, more studies are needed to further corroborate these findings.
Antimicrobial peptides from Capsicum chinense fruits: agronomic alternatives against phytopathogenic fungi
Authors: de Azevedo dos Santos Layrana , Taveira Gabriel Bonan , da Silva Marciele Souza , da Silva Gebara Rodrigo , da Silva Pereira Lídia , Perales Jonas , Teixeira-Ferreira André , de Oliveira Mello Érica , de Oliveira Carvalho André , Rodrigues Rosana , Gomes Valdirene Moreira
Published: August 2020

In recent years, the antimicrobial activity of peptides isolated from a wide variety of organs from plant species has been reported. However, a few studies have investigated the potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found in fruits, especially Capsicum chinense (pepper). The present study aimed to purify and characterize peptides from Capsicum chinense fruits and evaluate their inhibitory activities against different phytopathogenic fungi and also analyze the possible mechanisms of action involved in microbial inhibition. After fruit protein extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), different fractions were obtained, named F1 to F10. Peptides in the F4 and F5 fractions were sequenced and revealed similarity with the plant antimicrobial peptides like non-specific lipid transfer proteins and defensin-like peptide. The F4 and F5 fractions presented strong antimicrobial activity against the fungus Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum, causing toxic effects on these fungi, leading to membrane permeabilization, endogenous reactive oxygen species increase, activation of metacaspase and loss of mitochondrial function.
Automated Phenotyping Tool for Identifying Developmental Language Disorder Cases in Health Systems Data (APT-DLD): A New Research Algorithm for Deployment in Large-Scale Electronic Health Record Systems
Authors: Walters Courtney E. , Nitin Rachana , Margulis Katherine , Boorom Olivia , Gustavson Daniel E. , Bush Catherine T. , Davis Lea K. , Below Jennifer E. , Cox Nancy J. , Camarata Stephen M. , Gordon Reyna L.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Data mining algorithms using electronic health records (EHRs) are useful in large-scale population-wide studies to classify etiology and comorbidities (Casey et al., 2016). Here, we apply this approach to developmental language disorder (DLD), a prevalent communication disorder whose risk factors and epidemiology remain largely undiscovered.

Method

We first created a reliable system for manually identifying DLD in EHRs based on speech-language pathologist (SLP) diagnostic expertise. We then developed and validated an automated algorithmic procedure, called, Automated Phenotyping Tool for identifying DLD cases in health systems data (APT-DLD), that classifies a DLD status for patients within EHRs on the basis of ICD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) codes. APT-DLD was validated in a discovery sample (N= 973) using expert SLP manual phenotype coding as a gold-standard comparison and then applied and further validated in a replication sample ofN= 13,652 EHRs.

Results

In the discovery sample, the APT-DLD algorithm correctly classified 98% (concordance) of DLD cases in concordance with manually coded records in the training set, indicating that APT-DLD successfully mimics a comprehensive chart review. The output of APT-DLD was also validated in relation to independently conducted SLP clinician coding in a subset of records, with a positive predictive value of 95% of cases correctly classified as DLD. We also applied APT-DLD to the replication sample, where it achieved a positive predictive value of 90% in relation to SLP clinician classification of DLD.

Conclusions

APT-DLD is a reliable, valid, and scalable tool for identifying DLD cohorts in EHRs. This new method has promising public health implications for future large-scale epidemiological investigations of DLD and may inform EHR data mining algorithms for other communication disorders.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12753578
Influence of sleeve conductivity on starting performance of high‐speed permanent magnet synchronous starter generator for micro‐gas turbine
Authors: Qiu Hongbo , Zou Xutian , Sun Junfeng , Yang Cunxiang , Yi Ran
Published: August 2020

High‐speed permanent magnet synchronous machine is often used as a starter generator for a single‐shaft micro‐gas turbine due to its high efficiency and high‐power density. However, when the machine works in the starting mode, it usually needs a complex control system to start since the machine cannot realise self‐starting. Therefore, here, a dual‐purpose rotor sleeve is proposed for the machine to have the starting ability. Furthermore, the dynamic response speed of the machine also can be improved by optimising the electromagnetic characteristics of the sleeve. Taking a 40 kW, 20,000 r/min surface‐mounted permanent magnet machine as an example, the two‐dimensional finite element model of the machine is established. The start‐up time and locked rotor parameters under different sleeve conductivities are studied by the finite element method. In order to find out the reason for the change of starting performance, the rotor eddy current distribution is studied. Furthermore, the starting torque of the machine is decoupling analyzed, and the influence of sleeve conductivity on various kinds of torques are found to reveal the influence mechanism of sleeve conductivity on starting performance. Finally, the correctness of the model is verified by experiments.
Observational study of chromospheric heating by acoustic waves
Authors: Abbasvand V. , Sobotka M. , Švanda M. , Heinzel P. , García-Rivas M. , Denker C. , Balthasar H. , Verma M. , Kontogiannis I. , Koza J. , Korda D. , Kuckein C.
Published: August 2020

Aims. Our aim is to investigate the role of acoustic and magneto-acoustic waves in heating the solar chromosphere. Observations in strong chromospheric lines are analyzed by comparing the deposited acoustic-energy flux with the total integrated radiative losses.

Methods. Quiet-Sun and weak-plage regions were observed in the Ca II 854.2 nm and Hα lines with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) at the 1.6-m Goode Solar Telescope on 2019 October 3 and in the Hα and Hβ lines with the echelle spectrograph attached to the Vacuum Tower Telescope on 2018 December 11 and 2019 June 6. The deposited acoustic energy flux at frequencies up to 20 mHz was derived from Doppler velocities observed in line centers and wings. Radiative losses were computed by means of a set of scaled non-local thermodynamic equilibrium 1D hydrostatic semi-empirical models obtained by fitting synthetic to observed line profiles.

Results. In the middle chromosphere (h = 1000–1400 km), the radiative losses can be fully balanced by the deposited acoustic energy flux in a quiet-Sun region. In the upper chromosphere (h >  1400 km), the deposited acoustic flux is small compared to the radiative losses in quiet as well as in plage regions. The crucial parameter determining the amount of deposited acoustic flux is the gas density at a given height.

Conclusions. The acoustic energy flux is efficiently deposited in the middle chromosphere, where the density of gas is sufficiently high. About 90% of the available acoustic energy flux in the quiet-Sun region is deposited in these layers, and thus it is a major contributor to the radiative losses of the middle chromosphere. In the upper chromosphere, the deposited acoustic flux is too low, so that other heating mechanisms have to act to balance the radiative cooling.
Analysis of changes in fruit tissue after the pulsed electric field treatment using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Korzeniewska Ewa , Sekulska-Nalewajko Joanna , Gocławski Jarosław , Dróżdż Tomasz , Kiełbasa Paweł
Published: August 2020

The pulsed electric field (PEF) is one of the non-thermal methods used in the food industry for prolonging food preservation or obtaining better quality of end products. The structure of fruit and vegetable tissues subjected to PEF treatment changes under the influence of short-term high voltage electrical impulses. In this process, the hydrophilic spaces in the cell membranes occur. The authors present the results of the assessment of structural changes in fruit subjected to PEF, using the textural analysis of sub-peel layers. The images were obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) at an infrared wavelength of 1300 nm. The OCT cross-sections revealed the zone of strong infrared light reflection from internal structures indicating the loss of parenchymatic tissue integrity. The intensity of these changes depended on fruit type and used parameters of PEF. It was shown that the increasing intensity of the electric field affecting the tissue structure of raspberry or grape fruit generally increases the entropy, standard deviation and the mean of their OCT images. Changes in these feature values are usually not proportional to the field strength (0, 3.3, 5 kV/cm) and depend on the depth below the fruit surface. The raspberry fruit is more sensitive to PEF because at the strength of 5 kV/cm the corresponding features of grape fruit behave similarly with 10 times more field pulses. The OCT method can be used to assess noninvasively the suitability of fruit for further stages of processing, e.g. in PEF assisted pressing of fruit juice.
Nonlinear methods for model reduction
Authors: Bonito Andrea , Cohen Albert , DeVore Ronald , Guignard Diane , Jantsch Peter , Petrova Guergana
Published: August 2020

Typical model reduction methods for parametric partial differential equations construct a linear space Vn which approximates well the solution manifold M consisting of all solutions u(y) with y the vector of parameters. In many problems of numerical computation, nonlinear methods such as adaptive approximation, n-term approximation, and certain tree-based methods may provide improved numerical efficiency over linear methods. Nonlinear model reduction methods replace the linear space Vn by a nonlinear space Σn. Little is known in terms of their performance guarantees, and most existing numerical experiments use a parameter dimension of at most two. In this work, we make a step towards a more cohesive theory for nonlinear model reduction. Framing these methods in the general setting of library approximation, we give a first comparison of their performance with the performance of standard linear approximation for any compact set. We then study these methods for solution manifolds of parametrized elliptic PDEs. We study a specific example of library approximation where the parameter domain is split into a finite number N of rectangular cells, with affine spaces of dimension m assigned to each cell, and give performance guarantees with respect to accuracy of approximation versus m and N.
The Potential of Self-Tempered Martensite and Bainite in Improving the Fatigue Strength of Thermomechanically Processed Steels
Authors: Krupp Ulrich , Solovev Mikhail , Honecker Felix , Adams Bernhard , Florian Jan-Christoph
Published: August 2020

In contrast to a two-stage hardening and tempering process, the definition of optimized cooling routes after hot working of low-alloy Cr steel allows the adjustments of high-strength microstructures with a sufficient degree of ductility at the same time without any additional heat-treatment. While compressed air cooling after hot forging of micro-alloyed steel grades leads to the formation of lower bainite with finedispersed cementite platelets, quenching by water spray down to the martensite start temperature results in the formation of martensite, that is self-tempered during the subsequent slow-cooling in air. The precipitation of nano-sized cementite precipitates result in superior mechanical properties with respect to impact and tensile testing. Cyclic deformation and crack propagation tests being carried out using resonance testing (100Hz) and ultrasonic fatigue testing (20kHz) systems revealed a pronounced increase in fatigue strength by about 150MPa of the self-tempered martensite condition as compared to the bainitic modification. For the latter one, a steady decrease of the fatigue strength is observed rather than the existence of a real fatigue limit.
Crack growth behaviour of aluminium wrought alloys in the Very High Cycle Fatigue regime
Authors: Bülbül Fatih , Kirsten Tina , Wicke Marcel , Zimmermann Martina , Brückner-Foit Angelika , Christ Hans-Jürgen
Published: August 2020

Investigations have shown that in the regime of Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) “natural” crack initiation often takes place underneath the material surface leading to crack propagation without contact to atmospheric components. In order to elucidate the environmental damage contribution and its effect on the VHCF long crack propagation, fatigue experiments with alternating environment (vacuum and laboratory air) were performed. An ultrasonic fatigue testing system (USFT) equipped with a small vacuum chamber was applied that enables the in-situ examination of the long fatigue crack propagation at a resonance frequency of about 20 kHz by using a long distance microscope. By means of the Focused-Ion-Beam technique, micro-notches were prepared in the USFT specimens. The tests were carried out on the aluminium alloys EN-AW 6082 and 5083 in different conditions. It has been found that the atmosphere has a significant influence on the VHCF long crack propagation which manifests itself in the crack path as well as in the crack growth rates. Because of pronounced single sliding in vacuum, shear-stress-controlled crack propagation was detected whereas in laboratory air normal-stress-controlled crack propagation occurred. Furthermore, it has been proven that the secondary precipitation state of the aluminium alloy significantly influences the VHCF long crack propagation in vacuum.