bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Lam. extracts and Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic during starter period on growth performance of male broiler chicken
Authors: Karwanti Novita Wanda , Arumdani Dynda Febriana , Yulianto Andreas Berny , Marbun Tabita Dameria , Sherasiya Anjum , Al Arif Mohammad Anam , Lamid Mirni , Lokapirnasari Widya Paramita
Published: February 2023

Background: Probiotics and medicinal plants have been used to support human and livestock health. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract on the growth of Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. plantarum  probiotic in vitro and to prove its potential as a feed additive, as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) to improve nutrient intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency in broiler chicken starter phase.

Methods: This study consisted of three sub studies: (1) Screening test for phytochemical compounds; (2) evaluation of several doses of Moringa extract (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% ). At the end of treatment, each colony was measured using the total plate count; (3) evaluation of probiotics and M. oleifera in vivo to prove growth performance on starter-phase broiler chicken. All results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) then followed by the Duncan test.

Results: (1) The phytochemical screening test M. oleifera extract contained flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and alkaloids; (2) M. oleifera extract at doses of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% increased the growth of bacteria Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum  (p<0.05); (3) The use of probiotics, M. oleifera extract and their combination showed that body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion rate (FCR) and feed efficiency signifcantly differed (p <0.05) between the treatments, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the treatments on nutrient intake (dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fiber and organic matter) on broiler chicken starter phase. 

Conclusions: The use of M.oleifera extract at doses of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% increased the growth of P. pentosaceus, L. acidophilus and L. plantarum bacteria in vitro and the use of probiotics, M.oleifera extract and their combination by in vivo improved the growth performance on starter phase of broilers chicken.
A qualitative study exploring hand hygiene practices in a neonatal unit in Blantyre, Malawi: implications for controlling healthcare-associated infections
Authors: Mangochi Helen , Tolhurst Rachel , Simpson Victoria , Kawaza Kondwani , Chidziwisano Kondwani , Feasey Nicholas A. , Morse Tracy , MacPherson Eleanor
Published: February 2023

Background: Neonatal sepsis is responsible for a considerable burden of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan African countries. Outcomes from neonatal sepsis are worsening due to increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance. Sub-optimal Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) practices of health care workers and caregivers are important drivers of infection transmission. The Chatinkha Neonatal Unit at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi has experienced multiple outbreaks of neonatal sepsis, associated with drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. We aimed to understand the barriers to implementation of optimal IPC focusing on hand hygiene practice.

Methods: We used a qualitative research methodology to meet the study aim. Combining participant observation (PO) over a seven-month period with semi structured interviews (SSI) to provide an in-depth understanding of activities relating to hygiene and IPC existing on the ward.

Results: While most staff and some caregivers, had a good understanding of ideal IPC and understood the importance of good handwashing practices, they faced substantial structural limitations, and scarce resources (both material and human) which made implementation challenging.  For staff, the overwhelming numbers of patients meant the workload was often unmanageable and practicing optimal IPC was challenging.  Caregivers lacked access to basic amenities, including linen and chairs, meaning that it was almost impossible for them to maintain good hand hygiene. Limited access to soap and the erratic water supply for both caregivers and healthcare workers further worsened the situation. Communication challenges between different cadres of staff and with patient caregivers meant that those handling neonates and cleaning the wards were often unaware of outbreaks of drug resistant infection.

Conclusion: For IPC to be improved, interventions need to address the chronic shortages of material resources and create an enabling environment for HCWs and patient caregivers.
The Pyramid of Queen Setibhor at South Saqqara
Authors: Megahed Mohamed , Vymazalová Hana
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to present the preliminary results of the 2021 season of the Djedkare Project mission (DJP), which is dedicated to the exploration and documentation of Djedkare’s royal cemetery at south Saqqara. The main focus of the article is the queen’s pyramid, situated to the north-east of the king’s pyramid and to the north of his funerary temple. The 2018 exploration of the area between the king’s temple and the queen’s pyramid not only revealed the name of the owner, Setibhor, but it also confirmed that the two pyramid complexes were not architecturally connected, as previously presumed, and that further work is needed to clarify the plan of the queen’s monument. In 2021, the investigations focused on the pyramid of the queen; its substructure had never been entered and documented in the modern period. Cleaning the substructure resulted in a detailed documentation of its inner rooms. It used to be accessed through a descending and horizontal corridor and it comprised a burial chamber and a so-called serdab. The innovated layout of Setibhor’s pyramid substructure apparently inspired later queens, who continued to follow this pattern in their monuments during the Sixth Dynasty.
Fanari Hill in the Urban Plan of Hellenistic and Early Roman Nea Paphos and the Question of the ‘Two Akropoleis’ of Nea Paphos
Authors: Młynarczyk Jolanta
Published: February 2023

The topography of ancient Nea Paphos features two hillocks, Fabrika and Fanari, that would provide a natural setting for buildings of some significance in the city’s life. Recent discoveries at Fabrika have identified its southern part as a sacred area of the Hellenistic and early Roman period. In contrast, Fanari hill remains virtually unexplored while there are reasons to believe that, beside housing another temple, it was the seat of the civil/military power of the Ptolemies. The aim of this paper is to re-examine all topographical and archaeological evidence related to the Fanari site and its role in the life of Nea Paphos.
Archaeological Survey of Sīnīya Island, Umm al-Quwain
Authors: Power Timothy , Borgi Federico , Degli Esposti Michele , Hoyland Robert , Kannouma Rania Hussein
Published: February 2023

The preliminary results of a comprehensive survey of Sīnīya Island in the Khawr al-Bayḍāʾ of Umm al-Quwain are presented here. The onset of human occupation remains to be confirmed, with scarce evidence for limited activity in the late pre-Islamic period (LPI, c. 300 BC – AD 300). The first major phase of occupation dates to the seventh and eighth centuries (early Islamic period) when a monastery and settlement were established in the north-east of the island. Probably the peak occupation falls between the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, when the stone-town of Old Umm al-Quwain 1 was built, followed by the eighteenth to early nineteenth century when the settlement moved to neighbouring Old Umm al-Quwain 2. The town was destroyed by the British in 1820 and moved to the facing tidal island, where Old Umm al-Quwain 3 (the modern city of the same name) developed. This resulted in an emptying of the landscape, and Sīnīya Island was little visited in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, except for the estate of the ruling Āl Muʿallā represented by the Mallāh Towers.
On the critical $p$-Kirchhoff equation
Authors: Hasani Erisa , Perera Kanishka
Published: February 2023

We study a nonlocal elliptic equation of $p$-Kirchhoff type involving the critical Sobolev exponent.
First we give sufficient conditions for the $(\text{PS})$ condition to hold. Then we prove some existence and multiplicity results using tools from Morse theory,
in particular, the notion of a cohomological local splitting and eigenvalues based on the Fadell-Rabinowitz cohomological index.
Envy-free division via configuration spaces
Authors: Panina Gaiane , Živaljević Rade T.
Published: February 2023

The classical approach to envy-free division and equilibrium problems arising
in mathematical economics typically relies on Knaster-Kuratowski-Mazurkiewicz theorem, Sperner's lemma or some extension involving mapping degree.
We propose a different and relatively novel approach where the emphasis is on
configuration spaces and equivariant topology, originally developed for applications in discrete and computational geometry
(Tverberg type problems, necklace splitting problem, etc.).
We illustrate the method by proving several counterparts and extensions of the classical envy-free division theorem of David Gale,
where the emphasis is on preferences allowing the players to choose degenerate pieces of the cake.
G-category versus orbifold category
Authors: Ángel Andrés , Colman Hellen
Published: February 2023

We present a comparative study of certain invariants defined for group actions and
their analogues defined for orbifolds. In particular, we prove that Fadell's equivariant
category for $G$-spaces coincides with the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category for
orbifolds when the group is finite.
Bifurcation of solutions of $U(1)$-equivariant semilinear boundary value problems
Authors: Pejsachowicz Jacobo
Published: February 2023

Assuming that there is a known (trivial) branch of solutions of a parameterized family
of equations, topological bifurcation studies the topological invariants of the linearized equations along the trivial branch whose nonvanishing entails the
appearance of bifurcation from the trivial branch. We introduce here some refined topological invariants for semilinear elliptic boundary value problems equivariant
with respect to the action of the circle $U(1)$ allowing to improve, in this case,
some previously obtained bifurcation criteria for general nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems.
The Wecken problem for coincidences of boundary preserving surface maps
Authors: Kelly Michael R.
Published: February 2023

We prove a Brooks type coincidence minimization result for boundary preserving maps on compact surfaces with boundary.
As an application we obtain non-boundary Wecken results for pairs of maps
$f,g\colon (X,\partial X) \to (X,\partial X)$ for most surfaces $X$.
The Gendering of Job Postings in the Online Recruitment Process
Authors: Castilla Emilio J. , Rho Hye Jin
Published: February 2023

Gender segregation remains a significant problem in many occupations and organizations. To solve this problem, many U.S. employers now seek to craft gender-neutral job postings. In this article, we investigate whether such employer recruitment efforts are successful in encouraging women and men to apply equally for jobs. Specifically, we move beyond the well-studied effects of the gender typing of occupations, organizations, and industries to study the extent to which the recruiting language used in job postings influences the actual preapplication behavior of job seekers of different genders. Using unique data from both a large-sample observational field study (Study 1) and a field experiment study (Study 2) of real online job postings, we first assess the gendered language mechanism by testing whether stereotypical femininity in the wording that recruiters use to advertise otherwise identical jobs differently influences female and male job seekers’ interest in applying. We then assess the recruiter gendering mechanism by testing whether the gender of the recruiter and the femininity in the wording recruiters use when presenting themselves to job seekers further contribute to gender job search disparities. Our analyses ultimately show negligible effects for both the gendering of job postings or of the job poster, and we therefore conclude that, in practice, employers’ efforts to simply tweak the language of recruitment messages do not matter much for gender equality and diversity.

This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.

Funding: The authors received financial support from the James S. Hardigg (1945) Work and Employment Fund and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Management.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4674 .
infância e experiência em walter benjamin
Authors: Santana Eduarda Aleycha luciano , De oliveira Paula Ramos
Published: February 2023

Walter Benjamin is a seminal philosopher whose work makes us think about the concepts of experience, child, and childhood. A journey through his life experience and personal narratives brings us closer to the world of his own childhood. As such, it is a philosophical journey in the sense of taking us towards something that is unknown to us and that in the end can transform us. We will travel through the following texts by Benjamin: Children’s Hour Radio Narrative (2015), Berlin Childhood: around 1900 (2013), Reflections on the child, the toy and education (2009), One-Way Street (2013) and The Storyteller:Reflections on the works of Nikolai Leskov (2018). To navigate these texts is to allow and encourage us to experiment with other ways of looking at and being in the world. His narrative allows us to experience the experiences of the child Benjamin, to traverse its unique and sparsely inhabited places, and thus to travel through any child’s world, feeling a child’s temporality and a child’s gaze. According to Jorge Larrosa (2003), childhood is an enigma. Benjamin’s narratives allow us to enter this enigma, to unveil images redolent with the experience of children and childhood, and thereby to approach this mystery that is both philosophical and pulsating with life,  like the life of this philosopher himself.
ao rosto do adulto, o gesto de alice nas cidades
Authors: Costa Victor Anselmo , Kasper Kátia Maria
Published: February 2023

One scene from Wim Wenders’ film “Alice in the cities” provokes us to think again about childhood. It’s a fresh polaroid snapshot, where we can see the faces of an adult (Phillip Winter) and a child (Alice) blending and mixing. Starting from this image, this paper makes its way through the movie’s plot, reflecting on the power of freedom that arises from an encounter with children and childhood. First, we examine the relationship between Winter and his job as a photo-journalist, discussing the character of his existential anguish and his supposed indisposition to becoming, which seems to be clear in the way that he reads his own photographs. In a second moment of the film, we understand Alice’s arrival on the scene as something capable of dispersing the circumstances that are constraining him by  hurling him into the unpredictable. This event is crystallized in one poetic gesture: the girl confronts the adult with her own face by drawing a self-portrait. Facialization and deterritorialization are twoconcepts that we weave into our discussion, working off the philosophical thinking of Georges Didi-Huberman, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. Finally, we propose that worry as a value, characteristic of children and travelers, can produce an opening that offers an escape into a  freedom of release–or, so to speak, a defacialized freedom.
philosophy for children as a form of spiritual education
Authors: Michaud Olivier , Rollins gregory Maughn
Published: February 2023

In the last two decades, some authors in the philosophy for children movement have theorized that the community of philosophical inquiry can be a form of spiritual practice, of the care of the self, or a wisdom practice (De Marzio, 2009; Gregory, 2009, 2013, 2014;Gregory & Laverty, 2009). Yet, it is unclear if philosophy for children is, by itself, a form of spiritual education, or if it requires some sorts of modification to be one. And, if it is or can be a form of spiritual education, we can interrogate in what ways and to what extent is it one. It is these questions that this text aims to explore. To do so, we will first clarify the meaning of spiritual education through the presentation of two authors who have explicitly written on that topic. The first is Parker J. Palmer, who has developed a perspective on what it means to reclaim the spiritual roots of education, derived from his study and practice of Quaker spirituality. The second is Pierre Hadot, who has explored how the practice of philosophy in Western antiquity was a form of spiritual exercise. From our presentation of these two authors will emerge a particular perspective of what spiritual education means. In the last section of the text we will use this presentation to examine in what ways philosophy for children can be a form of spiritual education and if requires adaptations to be one.
PRESERVAÇÃO DE NASCENTES NA CIDADE DE SATARÉM-PA NA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA: ESTUDO DE CASO NA REGIÃO DO URUMARÍ
Authors: Moura Lucinewton Silva , Melo Sérgio Gouvêa , Sousa Jaime Elias Pinho , Lopes Ruy Bessa , Silva Júlio Tota
Published: February 2023

Em se tratando de meio Ambiente, uma das questões mais importantes é a preservação das nascentes. O presente trabalho experimental consistiu em demonstrar sistematicamente a forma de como preservar uma nascente. O trabalho foi realizado na bacia do Igarapé do Urumarí, na cidade de Santarém no estado do Pará. O Igarapé do Urumarí está localizado na área urbana da cidade e está bastante impactado pela ocupação irregular das suas margens. O método utilizado para a recuperação da nascente foi o Caxambú. Para a construção do modelo de proteção e preservação da nascente foram usados materiais tais como: rejeitos de tijolo, lona, areia, grama, tubo de 25 mm para desinfecção, 1 (um) tubo de concreto de 200 mm de diâmetro, onde foram concretados 04 (quatro) canos de PVC. Tanto as nascentes quanto as matas ciliares precisam ser protegidas, num raio de 50 metros para as nascentes e 30 metros para as matas ciliares em ambas as bordas do igarapé. O processo de preservação de nascentes “Caxambú” utilizado apresentou-se como uma alternativa viável a ser operacionalizada na área da Microbacia do Urumarí assim como de outras pequenas bacias hidrográficas urbana da cidade de Santarém-PA.
ESTÁDIO DE ATLETISMO CÉLIO DE BARROS E PARQUE AQUÁTICO JÚLIO DELAMARE: PROCESSOS DE TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO E DESTERRITORIALIZAÇÃO NO COMPLEXO DO MARACANÃ
Authors: Ferreira Erick Alan Moreira , Nunes Nathan Da Slva
Published: February 2023

O estádio de Atletismo Célio de Barros e o Parque Aquático Júlio Delamare são dois dos diversos fixos esportivos que compõem o Complexo Esportivo do Maracanã (CEM), localizado na zona norte carioca. Tais equipamentos desempenharam por décadas importantes funções esportivas e sociais, atendendo atletas e a comunidade em geral. Entretanto, verifica-se nos últimos anos um processo de desterritorialização destes grupos em decorrência do projeto urbano desenvolvido pela cidade do Rio de Janeiro, este pautado em megaeventos esportivos. A partir deste contexto, o objetivo geral do artigo trata de analisar o CEM como uma territorialidade da cidade do Rio de Janeiro que transcende a esfera do futebol, buscando evidenciar a sua importância esportiva e social através do Estádio de Atletismo Célio de Barros e do Parque Aquático Júlio Delamare. Para tanto, a pesquisa está pautada em referencial teórico que trata da produção do espaço urbano a partir dos megaeventos, bem como em documentos de fontes primárias e secundárias. As informações coletadas indicam a ocorrência de um processo de territorialização do capital, a desterritorialização de práticas esportivas e sociais, e nos desafiam a pensar possibilidades para a reterritorialização no Célio de Barros e no Júlio Delamare.
PARTICIPAÇÃO DO CEFET-MG/CAMPUS DIVINÓPOLIS NA IV OLIMPÍADA BRASILEIRA DE CARTOGRAFIA A PARTIR DO TEMA: CIÊNCIA & ARTE
Authors: Nogueira Lucas Martins , Gontijo Carlos Eduardo Machado , Rezende Sophia Lima Parreiras , Silva Letícia Victoria Nogueira , Bessa Rodrigo , Santos Paula Resende , Mello Nádia Cristina da Silva
Published: February 2023

A Olimpíada Brasileira de Cartografia (OBRAC) acontece a cada dois anos reunindo estudantes do ensino médio de todo o Brasil. Em sua quarta edição, a OBRAC teve como tema “Ciência e Arte” e explorou a relação da Cartografia com o cinema e também a viagem no tempo contada a partir de uma coleção de mapas. Este artigo relata a experiência da equipe do CEFET-MG/Divinópolis, primeira colocada geral, no desenvolvimento das atividades propostas pela OBRAC na Etapa II (Prova Prática 1) com o tema Cartografia e Cinema ou Cartografia no Cinema e na Etapa II (Prova Prática 2) com tema Coleção de Mapas. Na Etapa II (Prova Prática 1) a equipe criou um curta-metragem intitulado “onde o sol se põe”, enquanto que na Etapa II (Prova Prática 2) a equipe desenvolveu uma série histórica de mapas de uso e cobertura da terra da Microrregião de Divinópolis para os anos de 1985, 1990, 2000, 2010 e 2020.
Highlighting the latest research: February 2023
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: February 2023

Sarah Jane Palmer presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to look at the research in further detail
Caution as a cardiac patient in a ‘post COVID-19’ era
Authors: Smith Lowri
Published: February 2023

In this month’s patient story, Lowri Smith shares what it feels like to get back into work and social situations as a vulnerable person with a cardiac condition as others around her seem to be moving on from COVID‑19.
The nightmare of hard-coded credentials
Authors: Segura Thomas
Published: February 2023

With increasing threats from cybercrime and state-sponsored actors around the world, companies need to focus their defence resources on elements that can most cost-effectively reduce their security debt and advance their DevSecOps maturity. Detecting hard-coded secrets in source code is a preventive tactic that greatly increases the cost to the attacker by removing the low-hanging fruits first. But this requires a strategic approach to preserve application security teams’ operational capacity.
Ethical conflicts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India., Panda Swarup Kumar , Ray Subhashree ,   Department of Biochemistry, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India., Panda Pragya ,   Department of Biochemistry, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India., Tiwari Rajlaxmi ,   Department of Biochemistry, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India., Priyadarsini Pooja ,   Department of Biochemistry, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Published: February 2023

Background: Healthcare setups in India are encountering a lot of medical, ethical, legal, and social challenges endorsed by the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, modifying the healthcare protocols, which are considered a standard of care. The ethical conflicts are pressurizing the decision-makers of society, to revamp the basic principles and traditional assumptions of our present healthcare modalities. Objectives: This report addresses the common but crucial ethical issues, encountered by healthcare workers e.g., doctors and paramedics in day-to-day healthcare practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This report tries to cover several ethical aspects of COVID-19 such as: setting priority of screening; professional responsibility of healthcare workers; dilemma encountered by a doctor; compromise of patient confidentiality; allocation of scanty resources; end-of-life situation, and certain critical clinical scenarios. Results and conclusion: COVID warriors from the health sector possess dual responsibilities of taking utmost care of COVID patients ethically, along with self-protection from this havoc. COVID-19 has taught us the lesson that, extra-ordinary time calls for extra-ordinary measures. Also, intervention performed upon the patient affects not only the patient, but also the whole of society.
Frequência e fatores associados à COVID-19 em minorias sexuais e de gênero: potencialidades da atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Viegas Martins Isadora , Pimenta da Silva Janderson Diego , Lustosa Torres Juliana
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Identificar a frequência e os fatores associados à COVID-19 na população de minorias sexuais e de gênero brasileira e discutir a potencialidade da atenção primária à saúde na busca ativa desses casos. Método: Este estudo transversal com adultos foi realizado em agosto-novembro, 2020. A variável dependente foi o diagnóstico auto-referido de COVID-19. Odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) foram estimados pela regressão logística. Resultados: Foram incluídos 976 respondentes. A frequência de COVID-19 foi 4,8% (IC95% 3,6-6,6). Homens-cis (OR = 3,57; IC95% 1,52-8,39), transexuais e não binários (OR = 4,11; IC95% 1,23-13,74) vs. mulheres-cis e trabalho fora do domicílio durante a pandemia (OR = 2,22; IC95% 1,12-4,40) apresentaram maiores chances de COVID-19; e ausência de pessoa próxima diagnosticada atual ou previamente com COVID-19 (OR = 0,15; IC95% 0,04-0,64), as menores. Conclusão: Apesar da COVID-19 ser infrequente neste grupo, seu controle precisa ser maior em homens, transexuais e não binários e mais expostos a infectados no trabalho e no dia-a-dia.
Conhecimentos e práticas de contracepção de emergência entre universitárias(os)
Authors: Viviane Maia Gama da Cunha Nátaly , Borges da Silva Fernanda Larissa , Almeida dos Santos Kellen Karoline , Rejane Leite da Silva Martins Márcia , Paulino dos Santos Everton , Duarte de Sena Fraga Chalana , Santos Andrade Magna
Published: February 2023

Introdução: A iniciação sexual vem ocorrendo precocementee tem causado muitas discussões. Embora existam métodos anticoncepcionais altamente eficazes, muitas gestações ocorrem sem planejamento. Assim, no sexo desprotegido, o Contraceptivo de Emergência (CE) torna-se solução momentânea para reduzir as chances de uma gravidez indesejada. Objetivo: Descreveros conhecimentos e práticas de universitárias(os) sobre a contracepção de emergência. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, com 292 universitários de uma universidade estadual do interior da Bahia. O instrumento da coleta foi um questionário semiestruturado autoaplicável. Os dados foram inseridos, armazenados e analisados com o auxílio do pacote estatístico SPSS. Foi realizada análise exploratória e descritiva da amostra. Resultados: Dos participantes, 79,8% (233) afirmaram ter vida sexual ativa, destes, 72,1% (168) já usam algum método anticoncepcional, porém 88% (205) afirmaram ter relações sexuais desprotegidas, enquanto 63,9% (131) já usaram CE. Quando questionados por que não usaram CE após todas as relações sexuais, 63,5% (99) relataram que não queriam usar e 14,7% (23) afirmaram esquecer-se de usar o método, sendo que 99,2% (130) compraram o CE na farmácia. Nenhuma das quatro perguntas foi respondida corretamente. Considerações finais: Este estudo evidenciou o comportamento de risco de estudantes universitárias, reforçando a necessidade de intervenção no meio acadêmico com ênfase na educação sexual.
Perfil sorológico para toxoplasmose em mulheres na idade reprodutiva, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: De Sousa Melo Flaviana Maria , Batista Fernandes Oliveira Heloisa Mara , Santos de Arruda Barbosa Vanessa
Published: February 2023

A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, um protozoário com ampla distribuição mundial. Essa infecção apresenta maior impacto em indivíduos imunocomprometidos e nas infecções congênitas. Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil sorológico para toxoplasmose de mulheres em idade reprodutiva (15-49 anos) atendidas em uma maternidade-escola de Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e quantitativo em que se analisou os laudos de 274 mulheres, do período de janeiro a maio de 2018. As variáveis estudadas foram: resultado das sorologias IgG e IgM anti-Toxoplasma, idade, zona e bairro de residência e método(s) de diagnóstico(s) utilizado(s). Dos 274 laudos, 40,1% apresentaram sorologia reagente para IgG anti-T. gondii. Apresentaram IgM anti-T.gondii reagente, 0,7%, enquanto 47,8% eram suscetíveis à toxoplasmose. Dos 241 laudos com sorologias conclusivas (soropositivas ou suscetíveis), as mulheres na faixa etária 31-42 anos apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com soropositividade e uma ocorrência 1,4 vezes maior que as de 15-30 anos (p = 0,014; RP=1,420, IC = 1,086-1,859). O maior percentual de soropositivas foi na zona urbana (72,2%) e bairro Paraíso (43,2%) da cidade de Santa Cruz. Desse modo, verificou-se que há necessidade de programas de promoção a saúde e melhorias sanitárias e ambientais para as mulheres da região.
Gordofobia e nutrição: um estudo de caso em uma página do Facebook
Authors: Da Silva Oliveira Deise , Gusmão Magalhães Carolina
Published: February 2023

A nutrição influenciada pelo modelo biomédico, historicamente vem minimizando e/ou estigmatizando problemas nutricionais e descartando valores subjetivos, como acontece com pessoas gordas. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e discutir, baseada na análise qualitativa, abordagens sobre gordofobia em uma página no Facebook. A partir da metodologia de análise de conteúdo, foram selecionadas 14 postagens publicadas no período entre junho de 2018 e junho de 2019. Após essa seleção, os resultados e discussões foram categorizados em "Abordagem sobre gordofobia" e "Abordagem sobre interfaces entre dieta e padrão corporal", sendo esta última subcategorizada em “Terrorismo nutricional e comer para esculpir”. Assim, percebe-se, a partir dessas postagens, práticas de nutricionistas que se comportam como moduladores de corpos, reforçam a demonização do corpo gordo, a culpabilização e a responsabilização dessas pessoas por seu estado saúde-doença. O uso de um discurso gordofóbico camuflado de promoção de saúde cria uma "ditadura da saúde" que coloca a magreza como sinônimo desta, promovendo terrorismo sobre a alimentação. Conclui-se, então, que o conceito de saúde é uma construção social e pode contribuir para a propagação de discriminações.
Pregnancy: reproduction or change? Division of labour in Chilean heterosexual couples during their first pregnancy
Authors: Arriagada Valentina S. , Toval-Gajardo Mauricio , Pérez Francisca C.
Published: February 2023

Relatively few studies have addressed the division of labour during the first pregnancy, a period in which the couple is restructured as a result of its new parental role. This study is aimed at exploring how heterosexual couples residing in Santiago de Chile organise the division of paid, domestic and caregiving work, and what arguments support their choices. A qualitative, cross-sectional and multiple-case methodology was employed. Interviews were held with ten couples during their first pregnancy. A hybrid thematic analysis revealed that the transition to parenthood is marked by the traditionalisation of gender roles, with certain differences related to socioeconomic status being observed. Results are discussed in light of co-responsibility and gender norms in Latin America, while their implications for family dynamics and public policy are presented.
‘An emotional stalemate’: cold intimacies in heterosexual young people’s dating practices
Authors: Denby Alicia , Hooff Jenny van
Published: February 2023

In this article, we consider how heterosexual young people navigate emotionality in their early dating practices. We draw on the ‘cold intimacy’ thesis (Hochschild, 1994; Illouz, 2007; 2012; 2018) that posits that emotions have increasingly become things to be evaluated, measured, quantified and categorised. Within the context of intimate relationships, research suggests that while young people are often open about the physical aspects of casual sex, they are reluctant to demonstrate emotional attachment, with vulnerability deemed shameful (Wade, 2017). Drawing on in-depth interviews with UK-based dating app users aged 18–25, we find that emotional attachment is rarely articulated, and is seen as a sign of weakness in the early stages of a relationship. For our participants, emotions become bargaining chips, with the ‘winner’ being the party with the least to lose, the least invested and the least emotionally attached. While this applies to both the young men and women interviewed, our findings demonstrate a gendered imbalance of power in intimate relationships, as female participants express a fear of emotional hurt, while male participants work to avoid potential rejection and humiliation. As a result, most connections remain suspended in what we identify as the ‘failed talking stage’. This is underpinned by the removal of channels of accountability, coupled with entrenched heteronormative sexual scripts shaping gender roles at this stage.
Real-time profile measurement method for a large-scale satellite antenna
Authors: Fang Zheng , Wang Yaru , Liu Yang , Lv Liangliang , Fang Guangqiang , Lv Zeqian , Gao Zeren , Su Yong , Zhang Qingchuan
Published: February 2023

To improve the detection capability of satellite-based synthetic aperture radar, a
large antenna array with a length scale of 100 meters is urgently
needed. However, the structural deformation of the large antenna leads
to phase errors, which will significantly reduce the antenna gain;
hence, real-time and high-precision profile measurements of the
antenna are essential for active compensation of the phase and thus
improving the antenna gain. Nevertheless, the conditions of antenna
in-orbit measurements are rather severe because of limited
installation locations of measurement instruments, large areas, and
long distance to be measured, and unstable measurement environments.
To deal with the issues, we propose a three-dimensional displacement
measurement method for the antenna plate based on laser distance
measuring and digital image correlation (DIC). The proposed method
uses the DIC method to retrieve the in-plane displacement information
in combination with a laser range finder to provide depth information.
A Scheimpflug camera is used to overcome the limitation of the depth
of field of traditional cameras and enable clear imaging of the full
field. Moreover, a vibration compensation scheme is proposed to
eliminate the measurement error of the target displacement caused by
the random vibration (within 0.01°) of the camera support rod. The
results of the experiment in a laboratory setting show that the
proposed method can effectively eliminate the measurement error caused
by camera vibration (50 mm) and reduce the displacement
measurement error to within 1 mm with a measurement range of
60 m, which can meet the measurement requirements of
next-generation large satellite antennas.
Techno-economics of fiber versus microwave for mobile transport network deployments [Invited]
Authors: Lashgari Maryam , Tonini Federico , Capacchione Massimiliano , Wosinska Lena , Rigamonti Gabriele , Monti Paolo
Published: February 2023

One of the challenges network operators face is designing and deploying cost-efficient transport networks (TNs) to meet the high capacity and strict latency/reliability requirements of today’s emerging services. Therefore, different aspects, including the appropriate technology, the level of reconfigurability, and the functional split option, need to be considered. A crucial aspect of network design is assessing the impact of these factors against the total cost of ownership (TCO), latency, and reliability performance of a given solution. Therefore, this paper proposed a framework to investigate the TCO, latency, and reliability performance of a set of fiber and microwave-based TN architectures. They were categorized based on their baseband functional split option and the reconfigurability capabilities of the equipment used. The results, based on real data from a non-incumbent operator, show that, in most of the considered scenarios, a microwave-based TN exhibits a lower TCO than a fiber-based one. The TCO gain may vary with the functional split option, geo-type, reconfigurability features, fiber trenching costs, and cost of microwave equipment, with a more significant impact in a dense urban geo-type, where for a low-layer functional split option, the fiber- and microwave-based architectures have a comparable TCO. Finally, it was found that the considered fiber and microwave architectures have almost similar average latency and connection availability performance. Both are suitable to meet the service requirements of 5G and beyond 5G services in most of the considered scenarios. Only in extreme latency-critical scenarios, a small number of the cells might not fully satisfy the latency requirements of a low-layer split option due to multiple microwave hops in the microwave-based architecture.
Controlling the spin Hall effect of grafted vortex beams propagating in uniaxial crystal
Authors: Liu Houquan , Yuan Libo
Published: February 2023

Though numerous studies of spin-orbit interaction (SOI) of light beams propagating along the optic axis of uniaxial crystals have been carried out, in previous studies, the initial input beams have cylindrical symmetry. In this case, the total system preserves cylindrical symmetry so that the output light after passing through the uniaxial crystal doesn’t exhibit spin dependent symmetry breaking. Therefore, no spin Hall effect (SHE) occurs. In this paper, we investigate the SOI of a kind of novel structured light beam, grafted vortex beam (GVB) in uniaxial crystal. The cylindrical symmetry of the system is broken by the spatial phase structure of the GVB. As a result, a SHE determined by the spatial phase structure emerges. It is found that the SHE and evolution of the local angular momentum are controllable both by changing the grafted topological charge of the GVB and by employing linear electro-optic effect of the uniaxial crystal. This can open a new perspective to investigate the SHE of light beams in uniaxial crystals via constructing and manipulating the spatial structure of the input beams artificially, hence offers novel regulation capabilities of spin photon.
Broadband serrodyne phase modulation for optical frequency standards and spectral purity transfer
Authors: Barbiero M. , Salvatierra J. P. , Risaro M. , Clivati C. , Calonico D. , Levi F. , Tarallo M. G.
Published: February 2023

We perform low phase noise, efficient serrodyne modulation for optical frequency control and spectral purity transfer between two ultrastable lasers. After characterizing serrodyne modulation efficiency and its bandwidth, we estimate the phase noise induced by the modulation setup by developing a novel, to the best of our knowledge, composite self-heterodyne interferometer. Exploiting serrodyne modulation, we phase locked a 698 nm ultrastable laser to a superior ultrastable laser source at 1156 nm by means of a frequency comb as a transfer oscillator. We show that this technique is a reliable tool for ultrastable optical frequency standards.
Interpreting T-cell search “strategies” in the light of evolution under constraints
Authors: Wortel Inge M. N. , Textor Johannes
Published: February 2023

Two decades of in vivo imaging have revealed how diverse T-cell motion patterns can be. Such recordings have sparked the notion of search “strategies”: T cells may have evolved ways to search for antigen efficiently depending on the task at hand. Mathematical models have indeed confirmed that several observed T-cell migration patterns resemble a theoretical optimum; for example, frequent turning, stop-and-go motion, or alternating short and long motile runs have all been interpreted as deliberately tuned behaviours, optimising the cell’s chance of finding antigen. But the same behaviours could also arise simply because T cells cannot follow a straight, regular path through the tight spaces they navigate. Even if T cells do follow a theoretically optimal pattern, the question remains: which parts of that pattern have truly been evolved for search, and which merely reflect constraints from the cell’s migration machinery and surroundings?

We here employ an approach from the field of evolutionary biology to examine how cells might evolve search strategies under realistic constraints. Using a cellular Potts model (CPM), where motion arises from intracellular dynamics interacting with cell shape and a constraining environment, we simulate evolutionary optimization of a simple task: explore as much area as possible. We find that our simulated cells indeed evolve their motility patterns. But the evolved behaviors are not shaped solely by what is functionally optimal; importantly, they also reflect mechanistic constraints. Cells in our model evolve several motility characteristics previously attributed to search optimisation—even though these features are not beneficial for the task given here. Our results stress that search patterns may evolve for other reasons than being “optimal”. In part, they may be the inevitable side effects of interactions between cell shape, intracellular dynamics, and the diverse environments T cells face in vivo.
Smartphone-operated affordable PCR thermal cycler for the detection of antimicrobial resistant bacterial genes
Authors: Pudasaini Sanam , Thapa Garima , Marasini Bishnu P. , Giri Basant
Published: February 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat. Surveillance of AMR requires affordable, rapid, and user-friendly diagnostic methods. Our aim was to develop a low-cost thermocycler to perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We developed a smartphone-operated PCR thermal cycler using locally available recycled materials. The thermal cycler was used for the amplification for three bacterial genes–bla-TEM, bla-CTXM and 16s rRNA in human urine samples. The performance of custom-built thermal cycler was compared with commercial thermal cycler. The thermal cycler was portable (<1kg weight), required 12 V power supply, 25 μL of solution, and cost only USD50.0. Temperature and time conditions were instructed using a custom-built smartphone application. The ramping rate of was 0.23°C for heating and 0.43°C for cooling. The reported temperatures were within ± 0.5°C of set temperature. The human urine samples were highly resistance and multi-resistant. Nearly 46% (n = 54) E. coli isolates were positive in ESBL screening test. The custom-built thermocycler was able to accurately predict the presence of bla-TEM, bla-CTXM genes, and 16s rRNA (n = 6). We developed and demonstrated a portable, low-cost, easy-to-use, and smartphone-operated PCR thermal cycler. Since it is portable, it can be used in remote location and field settings, including places without stable power supply. The use of the thermal cycler system can be extended, beyond the detection of AMR genes, e.g., in clinical diagnosis, genetics, forensic analysis, and environmental protection.
Incidence of lingual nerve damage following surgical extraction of mandibular third molars with lingual flap retraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Joshua , Feng Boxi , Park Joon Soo , Foo Magdalen , Kruger Estie
Published: February 2023

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine more recent data to determine the extent of lingual nerve injury (LNI) following the surgical extraction of mandibular third molars (M3M). A systematic search of three databases [PubMed, Web of Science and OVID] was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies on patients who underwent surgical M3M extraction using the buccal approach without lingual flap retraction (BA-), buccal approach with lingual flap retraction (BA+), and lingual split technique (LS). The outcome measures expressed in LNI count were converted to risk ratios (RR). Twenty-seven studies were included in the systematic review, nine were eligible for meta-analysis. Combined RR for LNI (BA+ versus BA-) was 4.80 [95% Confidence Interval:3.28–7.02; P<0.00001]. The prevalence of permanent LNI following BA-, BA+ and LS (mean%±SD%) was 0.18±0.38, 0.07±0.21, and 0.28±0.48 respectively. This study concluded that there was an increased risk of temporary LNI following M3M surgical extractions using BA+ and LS. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether there is a significant advantage of BA+ or LS in reducing permanent LNI risk. Operators should use lingual retraction with caution due to the increased temporary LNI risk.
Mental health, risk perception, and coping strategies among healthcare workers in Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed E. G. , El-Abasiri Radwa Abdullah , Marzo Roy Rillera , Dardeer Khaled T. , Kamal Manar Ahmed , Abdelaziz Heba , Soliman Soliman Belal , Htay Mila Nu Nu
Published: February 2023

Background

Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered several social and psychological consequences, such as anxiety, psychological distress, and burnout.

Objectives

To assess the psychological distress, anxiety, depression, coping strategies, risk perception, and attitude toward interprofessional teamwork among Egyptian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional online survey which consisted of five sections. The primary outcomes were anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), risk perception towards COVID-19, interprofessional teamwork attitude, and coping strategies during the Coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. The web-based questionnaire was distributed to Egyptian healthcare workers from the 20th of April 2020 to the 20th of May 2020. A snowball sampling method was used. Regression analysis was conducted to test the relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics and the previously mentioned outcomes.

Results

A total of 403 participants responded to the online questionnaire. The majority were females (70.5%) and within the age group of 26–40 years (77.7%), with 2–5 years of work experience (43.2%). Most participants were pharmacists (33%) and physicians (22.1%). Eighty-two participants (21%) reported moderate to severe anxiety, and 79 participants reported (19.4%) moderate to severe depressive symptoms. In the univariate model, the marital status was associated with depression (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28–0.78), anxiety (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32–0.85), and an attitude toward interprofessional teamwork (β = -1.96 95% CI -2.72 to -1.2). Providing direct care to the patients was associated with lower anxiety symptoms (AOR 0.256, 95% CI 0.094–0.697). More severe anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with difficulties in everyday life and the professional work environment (AOR 4.246 and 3.3, P = 0.003 and 0.01, respectively). Availability of mental health facilities at the workplace was associated with a lower risk perception towards COVID-19 (β = -0.79, 95% CI -1.24 to -0.34) and a more positive attitude towards teamwork (β = 2.77 95% CI 1.38–4.15).

Conclusions

According to our results, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with mild anxiety and depression among healthcare workers in Egypt, especially pharmacists and physicians. We recommend more research targeting the mental health of healthcare workers in Egypt. If proven cost-effective and needed, wide-scale mental health screening and public health campaigns can facilitate effective prevention and treatment strategies. In addition, the availability of mental health facilities at the workplace could alleviate some of the risk perception associated with health emergencies and improve interprofessional teamwork.