bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational performance in BAPAREKRAF Indonesia
Authors: Hendra Sutan Adil , Tan Syamsurijal , Lubis Tona Aurora , Hidayat M. Syurya
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the organizational performance of BAPAREKRAF (The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economic). BAPAREKRAF is the spearhead of a government agency for developing Indonesia's creative economy. This study's respondents are whole civil servants and civil servant candidates in BAPAREKRAF, in 194 respondents. This research shows that transformational leadership, organizational culture, managerial competence, organizational structure, and organizational trust affect organizational performance, but transactional leadership does not affect organizational performance. Besides that, transformational leadership, organizational culture, organizational structure affect organizational trust, but transactional leadership and managerial competence do not affect organizational trust. Furthermore, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, organizational culture, and organizational structure can be mediated by the trust in organizational performance. However, managerial cannot be mediated by trust in BAPAREKRAF's performance in realizing.
DANÇA: CAMINHO DE POSSÍVEIS (RE)ENCONTROS COM O BRINCAR E SE-MOVIMENTAR
Authors: Kropeniscki Fernanda Battagli , Kunz Elenor
Published: January 2021

Este artigo enfoca os entrelaçamentos entre dançar, brincar e se-movimentar. Resulta de pesquisa qualitativa de cunho participativo com base na Sistematização de Experiências, sustentada pela experiência docente no campo da Educação Física, vivenciada com anos finais do ensino fundamental em uma escola estadual de Santa Maria/RS, entre 2017 e 2019. Buscou-se compreender, através de percepções das aulas e diário docente, a dança como caminho de possíveis (re)encontros com o brincar e se-movimentar. Considerada a importância do brincar e se-movimentar, há uma preocupação com as transformações que perpassam a adolescência, momento em que se observa o distanciamento desse brincar. Nesse contexto, a dança, presente de diversas formas na vida dessas e desses adolescentes, mostra um momento de entrega, estado de presença, expressão de si, em que se coloca em movimento aquilo que não é dito em palavras, comunicam-se histórias de vida, questionam-se padrões, e outros conhecimentos são elaborados.
A SOCIOLOGIA DO ESPORTE NA ARGENTINA: APONTAMENTOS PRELIMINARES ACERCA DA ESTRUTURAÇÃO DE UM SUBCAMPO ACADÊMICO-CIENTÍFICO
Authors: Moraes Letícia Cristina Lima , Levoratti Alejo , Júnior Wanderley Marchi
Published: January 2021

A Sociologia do Esporte, como subdisciplina, emergiu a partir dos anos 1960-70 na Europa e América do Norte com a finalidade de analisar a relação interdependente do fenômeno esportivo e da vida em sociedade. As discussões da Sociologia do Esporte, no entanto, só adentraram o território latino-americano a partir dos anos 1980, principalmente através de estudos antropológicos do futebol no Brasil e, posteriormente, na Argentina. O presente ensaio tem o objetivo de apresentar um panorama da estrutura do campo científico argentino e localizar a Sociologia do Esporte no interior desse sistema, apontando as peculiaridades dessa subdisciplina na Argentina.
DO CHOQUE COM A REALIDADE À ESTABILIZAÇÃO: JUSTIFICATIVAS PARA AS INTERVENÇÕES DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NOS CENTROS DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL DE GOIÂNIA
Authors: Furtado Roberto Pereira , Sousa Marcel Farias de , Oliveira Marcos Flávio Mércio de , Furtado Patrícia Santiago Vieira , Pasquim Heitor Martins , Neves Ricardo Lira de Rezende
Published: January 2021

Este artigo analisa as justificativas das intervenções relacionadas com o núcleo da Educação Física relatadas por professores que trabalham nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) de Goiânia. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa em que foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 18 professores que trabalhavam nestes serviços. Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados procedimentos de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que ao iniciarem seus trabalhos nos CAPS os professores dão sequência às atividades já existentes ou constroem propostas a partir das condições estruturais presentes. Na fase da estabilização e consolidação, estruturam suas ações com melhor fundamentação teórica e com maior interlocução com as necessidades dos usuários identificadas pela equipe ou por eles mesmos. Nesta fase, o professor se percebe integrado com a equipe e passa a ser mais reconhecido pelos outros profissionais.
Roberto Murillo y la superstición por la ciudad de Cartago
Authors: Masís Jethro
Published: January 2021

Roberto Murillo fue uno de los filósofos costarricenses más importantes del siglo XX. Aparte de su obra filosófica propiamente dicha, publicó una serie de artículos de prensa y ensayos breves en los cuales se explayó sobre la belleza de los paisajes costarricenses, su afición por las caminatas en el bosque y su alta estima por la ciudad de Cartago. Este artículo se ocupa precisamente de lo que él mismo llamó su superstición por la vieja metrópoli, que no solo tiene tintes anecdóticos, sino que exhibe —como se pretende mostrar— escorzos específicos de su pensamiento filosófico. En términos ulteriores, su veneración cartaginesa permitirá llevar a cabo una reflexión crítica más amplia sobre su estilo de pensamiento, enmarcado en los ideales humanistas de la primera generación de la comunidad filosófica costarricense.
THE STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING READING COMPREHENSION USING COOPERATIVE LEARNING THROUGH JEOPARDY GAME
Authors: Suryani Susi , Kareviati Evie
Published: January 2021

English is an international language learned in Indonesia. One of the difficulties of student learning is when learning to read. They tend to read without knowing the meaning of the text they are reading. On this occasion the researcher tried to teach comprehension reading using cooperative learning through jeopardy games to increase students’ interest and ability in learning reading comprehension. In addition, researchers also want to find out what difficulties students face when learning to use jeopardy game through this jeopardy game. This research was conducted on students of class VIII E Semester 1 SMPN 1 Cililin which consists of 36 students. This research was conducted using the Classroom Action Research (CAR). From the results of the pretest and posttest, there were 20 pretest results from 36 students or 56% who succeeded in reaching the minimal completeness criteria. Whereas in the posttest there was an increase to 28 out of 36 students or 78,85% who successfully reached the minimal completeness criteria. Then it can be concluded the use of games in learning increases the ability of students in reading comprehension. However, there are some students who still find it difficult to learn to use this method because their vocabulary mastery is still lacking. Keywords:  Reading Comprehension, Cooperative Learning, Jeopardy Game
AN ANALYSIS DEIXIS IN “NOM NOM’S ENTOURAGE” MANUSCRIPT ON WE ARE BARE BEARS MOVIE SEASON
Authors: Wasdili Arni Rahmah , Santoso Iman
Published: January 2021

The tittle of this research is An AnalysisDeixis in “Nom nom’s Entourage” Manuscript on We are Bare BearsMovie Seaso. Deixis is one of branch from pragmatics that shown relation between language and context in that language it self. The aim from this research is to know and identify the type of deixis in Nom nom’s Entourage movie season. That have some steps to collecting the data firs is watching the We Are Bare Bears movie season with Nom nom’s Entourage title. Second is reading the script of that movie. Third, selecting and collect the data. Fourth is classifying the type of deixis and the last is produce the conclution. This research using descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data. The result from this research is that have five type of deixis there are person deixis, time deixis, place deixis, social deixis and discourse deixis. Person deixis divided to three part there are firs person as speaker, second person as hearer and third person as other, with 195 word in that movie. Time deixis shows a certain period of time, consist of 10 word in that movie. Place deixis describe the location in a conversation, consist of  26 word in that movie. Social deixis is show how the social differences when talking with other, consist of 18 word in that movie. Discourse deixis is show deitic expressions which point to prior succeeding parts of the discourse with 4 word in that movie. Keywords:  Pragmatics, Deixis, Movie
OS PROCESSOS DE SUBJETIVAÇÃO E O CUIDADO DE SI DE ALUNOS/KARATECAS: A INSTITUIÇÃO ESCOLAR E O DOJÔ COMO FORMADORES DE SUJEITOS
Authors: Potulski Alexsandra , Nunes Jacobino Eduardo
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no mestrado em educação, pela Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE campus Francisco Beltrão, em que se propôs analisar os processos de subjetivação culminantes em práticas de cuidado de si de sujeitos karatecas que iniciaram a prática nas escolas de tempo integral no município de Francisco Beltrão – PR e deram continuidade à atividade no espaço no dojô de karatê. Além disso, apresenta a entrevista de uma karateca mãe de outra karateca e de um aluno e professor com deficiência visual que descobriu na arte um modo de ressignificar sua existência. O método adotado foi o estudo de caso com enfoque na metodologia pós-estruturalista, principalmente na teoria de Michel Foucault. Como resultado de pesquisa, concluímos que a instituição escolar e o dojô são espaços de conhecimento e formadoras/fabricadoras de sujeitos que, a partir da arte marcial no espaço educacional, possibilitam práticas que contribuem positivamente na vida desses sujeitos, o que possibilita a discussão da educação na pós-modernidade e a questão da formação humana, entendida esta como propulsora de novos modos de vida.
CIÊNCIA E RELIGIÃO: CONFLITO SILENCIOSO, DEBATE SILENCIADO
Authors: Gomes Germano Marcelo , Ferreira Pinto José Antônio
Published: January 2021

Embora não seja admitido por professores e estudantes, existe um conflito silencioso e um debate silenciado quando do encontro das convicções e cosmovisões religiosas com as concepções científicas. Alguns professores de Ciências experimentam esse conflito quando, assumindo o compromisso com a profissão, no ato mesmo de ensinar, ao mesmo tempo, precisam manter a coerência com suas crenças religiosas. Este artigo é o resultado de uma investigação em que se procurou identificar as concepções de professores universitários de ciências (Física, Química e Biologia), sobre as possibilidades e limitações do diálogo entre ciência e religião no contexto da sala de aula de ciências. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e, a partir de uma entrevista semiestruturada e da seleção do conteúdo, uma discussão em torno das falas dos entrevistados. Como resultado, pudemos observar diferentes atitudes dos professores com relação ao tema. Essas atitudes variaram entre posições extremamente opostas quanto à possibilidade de diálogo entre as duas visões, até aquelas mais ponderadas onde se admite a possibilidade do diálogo, ou até mesmo sua necessidade para que se promova o respeito entre as diferentes construções culturais. Apesar de, em sua maioria, os professores professarem alguma fé, o debate acerca das relações entre essas concepções ainda é silenciado, e entendemos que a quebra desse silêncio seja importante para promover a discussão de como as diversas concepções religiosas podem influenciar nas visões de mundo dos professores e dos estudantes, tendo em vista que o conhecimento científico precisa levar em consideração as outras manifestações culturais.
LA RESTAURACIÓN CONSERVADORA EN ARGENTINA: POLÍTICAS EDUCATIVAS Y CAMBIO CULTURAL DURANTE EL GOBIERNO DE MACRI (2015-2019)
Authors: Feldfeber Myriam
Published: January 2021

Una restauración conservadora desplazó prácticamente a todos los gobiernos democrático populares que habían sido electos en la región a partir del cambio de siglo, cuando se había iniciado una nueva etapa caracterizada por el cuestionamiento a las políticas de ajuste estructural ssutentadas por los principios del Consenso de Washington, que se habían implementado en la década anterior. Este “Ciclo de Impugnación al Neoliberalimso en América Latina” entró en crisis en la segunda década del siglo XXI. En este artículo se analizan las principales orientaciones de política educativa y los discursos en los que se sustentaron durante la gestión de la Alianza Cambiemos en Argentina durante el período 2015-2019. Sostenemos que en el marco de la restauración conservadora se implementaron políticas redistributivas en favor de los sectores más concentrados del capital, vulnerando derechos adquiridos, y se impulsó un cambio cultural orientado a la individualización de los procesos sociales y a la naturalización de las desigualdades que la redistribución en favor de los más ricos profundizaron.
APRESENTAÇÃO DO DOSSIÊ: RESTAURAÇÕES CONSERVADORAS NO CAMPO EDUCATIVO NA AMÉRICA LATINA.
Authors: Oliveira Dalila Andrade , Myriam Feldfeber
Published: January 2021

A proposição deste dossiê, com tema tão provocativo, é resultado de debates realizados em diferentes espaços acadêmicos e políticos, envolvendo colegas de distintas instituições e países. A onda conservadora que se acentuou no final desta década, identificada por vários eventos em diferentes partes do mundo, em especial com a eleição de Donald Trump nos Estados Unidos em 2016, tem sido amplamente discutida e estudada por pesquisadores de variadas áreas do conhecimento em diferentes contextos nacionais. As repercussões ou feições da referida onda conservadora ou neoconservadora, como alguns a descrevem, na América Latina têm sido objeto frequente nos debates acadêmicos e políticos na região. Em especial, no âmbito da Rede Latino-americana de Estudos sobre Trabalho Docente (Rede Estrado) que, nos seus mais de 20 anos, promove canais de discussão e interação entre pesquisadores de diversas instituições e países na região.
REGRESSÃO CONSERVADORA E AMEAÇAS ÀS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EM EDUCAÇÃO NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Oliveira Dalila Andrade
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem como foco a discussão das atuais políticas públicas em educação no contexto político latino-americano. Procura interpretar as tensões no campo da educação que se expressam como uma tendência, já que são observadas em um conjunto de países e que refletem avanços e retrocessos na ampliação do direito à educação. O artigo está estruturado em três partes: a introdução; uma breve retomada histórica incluindo desde a constituição dos sistemas escolares na região e a questão do direito à educação, passando em seguida a enfocar  os vínculos entre educação e desenvolvimento econômico, as reformas de Estado e da educação na década de 1990 até as discussões sobre o pós-neoliberalismo na América Latina; por fim, o texto traz uma análise conclusiva sobre a regressão conservadora e a ameaça às políticas públicas e ao direito à educação na atualidade.
La inteligencia artificial en la educación médica y la predicción en salud
Authors: A N Joison , R J Barcudi , E A Majul , S A Ruffino , J J De Mateo Rey , A M Joison , G Baiardi
Published: January 2021

La inteligencia artificial tiene el potencial de transformar la forma en que se brinda la atención médica. Puede respaldar mejoras en los resultados y aumentar la productividad y la eficiencia de la prestación de los servicios. En servicios de las diferentes especialidades los avances realizados a nivel hardware deben desarrollarse en paralelo con los métodos de aprendizaje automático, aspectos que la inteligencia artificial contribuye para promover un cambio de paradigma significativo en las más diversas áreas de la medicina. Es importante en la educación médica como eje para el conocimiento y en la toma de decisiones que pueden mejorar el desempeño de los profesionales. Los estudiantes de medicina de nueva generación pueden adaptarse perfectamente a los nuevos métodos digitalizados en un contexto médico globalizado, incluida la inteligencia artificial. Por ello es importante tener como objetivos a implementar en los planes de estudio e introducir programas educativos representativos de esta tecnología. Es fundamental que todas las áreas del Sistema de Salud tengan confianza en los sistemas informáticos específicamente en el aprendizaje profundo, no solo por la información concreta y objetiva que de él se deriva sino también por la posibilidad de predecir eventos futuros, brindando alta certeza en cuanto al diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades.
¿Qué son las revistas depredadoras?
Authors: S G Martín
Published: January 2021

Esta guía tiene como objetivo brindar al docente/investigador conocimientos básicos acerca de las revistas depredadoras y secuestradoras. Se mencionan sus características y las maneras de detectarlas e identificar los índices de impacto falsos. Finalmente, se ofrecen listados que recopilan los nombres de revistas que cumplen con las características de este tipo de publicaciones.
Transfusion Practices for Pediatric Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients: Data from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-III (REDS-III)
Authors: Goel Ruchika , Nellis Marianne , Karam Oliver , Hanson Sheila , Tormey Christopher , Patel Ravi , Birch Rebecca , Sachais Bruce , Sola-visner Martha , Houser Ronald , Luban Naomi , Gottschall Jerome , Josephson Cassandra , Hendrickson Jeanne , Karafin Matthew
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To evaluate transfusion practices in pediatric oncology and
hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients. Methods: This is a
multicenter retrospective study of children with oncologic diagnoses
treated from 2013-2016 at hospitals that participated in the National
Heart Lung and Blood Institute Recipient Epidemiology and Donor
Evaluation Study-III (REDS-III). Transfusion practices were evaluated by
diagnosis code and pre-transfusion laboratory values. Results: A total
of 4766 inpatient encounters of oncology and HSCT patients were
evaluated, with 39.3% (95% CI 37.9-40.7%) involving a transfusion.
Red blood cells (RBCs) were the most commonly transfused component
(32.4%; 95% CI 31.1-33.8%), followed by platelets (22.7%; 95% CI
21.5-23.9%). Patients in the 1 to <6-year old age range were
most likely to be transfused and HSCT, acute myelogenous leukemia, and
aplastic anemia were the diagnoses most often associated with
transfusion. The median hemoglobin (Hb) prior to RBC transfusion was 7.5
g/dL (10-90th percentile: 6.4-8.8 g/dL), with 45.7% of transfusions
being given at 7-<8 g/dL. The median platelet count prior to
platelet transfusion was 20x109/L (10-90th percentile: 8-51x109/L), and
37.9% of transfusions were given at platelet count of
>20-50x109/L. The median international normalized ratio
(INR) prior to plasma transfusion was 1.7 (10-90th percentile: 1.3-2.7),
and 36.3% of plasma transfusions were given at an INR between
>1.4-1.7. Conclusion: Transfusion of blood components is
common in hospitalized children with cancer. Relatively high
pre-transfusion Hb and platelet values and relatively low INR values
prior to transfusion across the studied diagnoses highlight the need for
evidence- based practice in this population.
Development and structure of Bacillus subtilis biofilms manipulated by Iron(II) addition during cultivation at different shear stress conditions
Authors: Gierl Luisa , Horn Harald , Wagner Michael
Published: January 2021

Bivalent ions such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ are known to affect the structural
and mechanical properties of biofilms. In order to reveal the impact of
Fe2+ ions within the cultivation medium on biofilm development,
structure and stability, Bacillus subtilis biofilms were cultivated in
mini-fluidic flow cells. Two different Fe2+ inflow concentrations (0.25
and 2.5 mg/L, respectively) and wall shear stress levels (0.05 and 0.27
Pa, respectively) were tested. Biofilm structure was determined daily in
situ and non-invasively by means of optical coherence tomography. A set
of ten structural parameters was used to quantify biofilm structure, its
development and change. Moreover, for each experiment ten replicates
were cultivated and analyzed allowing for valid conclusions. Fe2+
addition influenced biofilm development (e.g., biofilm accumulation) and
structure markedly. Experiments revealed the accumulation of FeO(OH)
within the biofilm matrix and a positive correlation of Fe2+ inflow
concentration and biofilm accumulation. Even at elevated shear stress
levels this correlation was valid. In more detail, independent of the
wall shear stress applied during cultivation over ten days biofilms grew
approximately four times thicker at 2.5 mg Fe2+/L compared to low Fe2+
inflow concentrations of 0.25 mg/L. This finding hints on a higher
stability of Bacillus subtilis biofilms against detachment when growing
at elevated Fe2+ concentrations.
Play Based Learning (Chapter)
Authors: Bardak Musa
Published: January 2021

Assuming that the game emerged with the existence of humanity, it can be
argued that in the historical process, adults’ view of the child,
economic and social conditions, natural disasters, war and similar
disasters shaped with different perspectives. The game, which was
considered as important as work in the preparation of young generations
to life by the people of the First Age, was accepted as an occupation
that helps both children and adults to gain skills, relax and get to
know the world in the Middle Ages. Since the 18th century and especially
in the 19th century, social consciousness has developed, and childhood
and play have begun to be viewed as an important and different aspect of
development (Oktay, 2013). In the 21st century, time will show how
industrialization and digitalization that started in all aspects of life
will affect the child and the game.

Bardak, M. (2018). Play Based Learning. in A. Gürol (Eds.),
Learning Approachs in Early Childhood (s. 207-230). İstanbul: Efe
Akademi Publishing. ISBN: 978-65-230-847-9
(https://openaccess.izu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12436/1309#sthash.o0zfa6AC.dpbs)
Interactions Between Caveolin-1 (rs3807992) Polymorphism and Major dietary patterns on Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors Among Obese and Overweight Women
Authors: Abaj Faezeh , Koohdani Fariba , Rafiee Masoumeh , Yekaninejad Mir saeed , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: January 2021

Background: Caveolin is a cholesterol-dependent essential component
located in caveolae.

Several studies have been shown CAV-1 SNP related to cardio-metabolic
parameters in animal

models, however there is few studies in humans. Importantly, there is no
study has investigated

the interaction between CAV-1 rs3807992 gene and dietary pattern on CVDs
risk factors in Iranian

population.

Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 404
overweight and obese females

with mean age of 36 years. Dietary intake obtained from FFQ with 147
items. The CAV-1

genotype was measured by the PCR-RFLP method. The anthropometric
measurements, serum

lipid profile and inflammatory markers were measured.

Results: There was a significant interaction between CAV-1 rs3807992 and
healthy dietary pattern

on HDL (P interaction=0.03), TC/HDL (P interaction=0.03) and hs-CRP (P
interaction=0.04); in

A-allele carriers, higher adherence to the healthy dietary pattern was
related to higher level of HDL

and lower TC/HDL and hs-CRP. As well as, the significant interactions
were observed between

CAV-1 rs3807992 and unhealthy dietary pattern in relation to TG (P
interaction = 0.001), AST (P

interaction = 0.01) and MCP-1(P interaction = 0.01); A-allele carriers
were more adherence to the

unhealthy dietary pattern to lower levels of TG, AST and MCP-1.

Conclusions: Our study showed that CAV-1 rs3807992 SNP interacts with
adherence to unhealthy

or healthy dietary patterns to influence several cardio-metabolic risk
factors in obese and

overweight females. Further large prospective studies are warranted to
confirm our findings
Urban Sprawl Entrepreneurship as an Alternative to Decentralization of the Labor Market : Case Study on the Kraków Metropolitan Area
Authors: Barczyk-Ciuła Justyna , Satoła Łukasz
Published: January 2021

The territories of large cities and their neighboring areas are subject to dynamic changes. The process of population movement from city centers to suburban areas has an impact on the economic structures of these areas. A significant portion of economic activity is reallocated with migrating residents to peripheral areas. The aim of the article is to assess the diversity of the urban sprawl entrepreneurship phenomenon in the metropolitan area of Kraków. Analysis has shown that the movement of enterprises related to the population migration takes place to the greatest extent in the zone directly adjacent to Kraków and the Tarnów influence zone. These communes create an attractive environment for residents and encourages them to locate their businesses within that territory. (original abstract)
Price Interdependence of Agricultural Commodities from Ukraine and World Markets
Authors: Bodnar Olga , Galchynska Julia , Maciejczak Mariusz
Published: January 2021

The objective of the paper is to present the price interdependencies between agricultural commodity products from Ukraine (both export and non-export oriented) and other commodities whose prices are shaped on world markets, with a special focus on the role of their volatility. The research demonstrates a tight connection between the global prices of crude oil and prices of Ukrainian corn and wheat. Additionally, the volatility of world prices of agricultural commodities influenced the Ukrainian national market and had significant impact on domestic price declines. At the same time, the mechanisms for pricing non-export related agricultural commodities are formed mostly under the influence of factors from the domestic market. It is argued that a low interdependency between non-export oriented agricultural commodities and world markets stipulates the social stability of Ukraine's population. (original abstract)
The Impact of Implemented Innovations on Competitiveness of Tourism Companies in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship
Authors: Kisiel Roman , Kowalewska Aleksandra , Kowalewska Joanna
Published: January 2021

The growing demand for tourism services has led to the establishment and development of many companies in the hospitality industry, which are driven by a need to stand out in the market and acquire new clients. To do this, they make efforts to improve their competitiveness by implementing specific innovations in hopes of strengthening their market position. The aim of this paper is to discuss the effect of innovations on the competitiveness of tourism and hospitality enterprises, using chosen companies from the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship in Poland as a case study. The empirical part of the research consisted of one questionnaire addressed to the clients and the other one addressed to the employees and owners. Both questionnaires were conducted in three companies. The results of these surveys provided information which indicated that the most important assets that allowed companies to distinguish themselves on the market were the innovations that they implemented. In addition, over half of the employees in these companies declared that innovations had contributed to an increase in the number of customers. (original abstract)
The Flu : an Analysis of Economic Costs and Morbidity Rates in Poland in the Period 2013-2019 Using Adaptive Prediction Methods
Authors: Zielińska-Sitkiewicz Monika
Published: January 2021

The flu is one of the most common human illnesses in the world. The number of infections is increasing year after year, and a flu pandemic could cause significant losses in the global economy. The aim of the study is to analyse the economic costs of the flu in Poland and to investigate the number of flu cases with the use of selected adaptive prediction methods. The research was conducted using monthly data collected by the National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene for the period from January 2013 to December 2019. Three forecasting methods were used to perform the analyses: the moving average model, the Winters multiplicate model and the creeping trend model. The research results indicate that it is possible to use the creeping trend model to generate short-term prognoses for the flu. In addition, implementing programs to improve the effectiveness of flu prevention in Poland will help reduce the negative health, social and economic effects it creates. (original abstract)
Surgical Management of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Lightner Amy , Cima Robert R. , Pemberton John H.
Published: January 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine that can be divided into two main categories: Crohn disease and chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC). Although the role of medical therapy in CUC is directed at symptom control or the underlying inflammatory process, fortunately, the intestinal manifestations of CUC can be effectively cured by surgery. The operation of choice is an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), which can be performed open or laparoscopically, with a hand-sewn or stapled anastomosis, or in a one-, two-, or three-stage fashion. Although pouch function and quality of life remain good following IPAA, common complications include pouchitis, anal stricture, pouch fistulas, and small bowel obstructions. The most dreaded complication is an anastomotic leak resulting in pelvic sepsis and, often, eventual pouch excision. Less common complications include pouch dysplasia or cancer and de novo Crohn disease of the pouch. Overall, regardless of age, patient satisfaction following IPAA remains high, and more than 90% of patients retain their pouches for more than 20 years. 
This review contains 11 highly rendered figures, and 83 references.
Professionalism in Surgery
Authors: Shapiro Jo , McMains K. Christopher
Published: January 2021

The medical profession continues to be challenged along the entire range of its cultural values and its traditional roles and responsibilities. This review explores the meaning of professionalism, translating the theory of professionalism into practice, and the future of surgical professionalism. A table offers the elements of the American College of Surgeons’ Code of Professional Conduct. This review contains 22 references.
Strategies for Improving Surgical Quality
Authors: Birkmeyer Nancy J. O. , Healy Mark A.
Published: January 2021

Surgical morbidity and mortality are major public health concerns. The outcomes of surgery have been shown to differ among providers; this variability in the outcomes of surgical procedures has long suggested opportunities to improve the quality of surgical care. Payers, health care policy makers, and surgeons’ professional organizations have implemented a range of strategies to effect large-scale quality improvement efforts targeted toward patients undergoing surgery. This review examines outcomes measurement and feedback, regional collaborative quality improvement, selective referral, pay for performance strategies, and new strategies for surgical quality improvement. Figures show example of provider desktop user interface for a regional quality collaborative; mortality after (30-day) bariatric surgery: Michigan hospitals versus non-Michigan hospitals participating in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) based on data from the 2007 to 2009 Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative and national ACS-NSQIP registries; and percentage of mortality decline for esophagectomy, pancreatectomy, cystectomy, and lung resection attributable to increases in market concentration, based on 2001 to 2008 national Medicare data. Tables list characteristics of different strategies for improving surgical quality; components of the Institute for Healthcare improvement ventilator and central catheter insertion bundle checklists; evidence regarding the relationship between compliance with Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) measures and clinical outcomes; SCIP measures retired as of January 15, 2015; and SCIP measures remaining.
This review contains 3 highly rendered figures, 5 tables and 74 references.
Head and Neck Diagnostic Procedures
Authors: Jr Donald J. Annino , Goguen Laura A.
Published: January 2021

Head and neck diseases can be inflammatory, infectious, congenital, neoplastic, or traumatic. The anatomy of the head and neck structures are described and include the ear, nose and paranasal sinuses (including the oral cavity, salivary glands, and pharynx), the larynx (including the supraglottis, glottis, and subglottis), and the neck. An accurate diagnosis is mandatory and is based on a detailed history and physical examination. Examination of the nose may be done with anterior or posterior rhinoscopy or rigid nasal endoscopy. The larynx and pharynx may be viewed by indirect, flexible, or direct laryngoscopy. Flexible or rigid esophagoscopy permits examination of the esophagus. The trachea and lungs are examined using rigid or flexible bronchoscopy, panendoscopy, or core or open biopsy. Imaging can include ultrasononography, barium swallow, computed tomography scans, positron emission tomography scans, and magnetic resonance imaging. Nearly one dozen figures show various anatomic structures and office equipment, including nasal specula, a laryngeal mirror, an esophagoscope, and a bronchoscope. Several recommended readings are provided.
Neck Dissection
Authors: Lango Miriam N. , Jr Bert W. O'Malley , Chalian Ara
Published: January 2021

Need for neck dissection begins with thorough evaluation, including fine needle aspiration and possibly excisional lymph node biopsy. The incidence of the various neck metastases are provided, including those for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; salivary gland neoplasms; cervical lymph node metastases; squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract; and metastatic well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Staging of neck cancer is also defined. Indications and contraindications for neck dissection are provided. Operative planning begins with the decision on the choice of procedure: a comprehensive dissection that will result in a radical or modified neck dissection; a selective neck dissection; an extended neck dissection; or a bilateral neck dissection. Neck dissection after chemoradiation is also discussed. Reconstruction after resection of large tumors with large margins is also described, along with current evidence relating to preservation of vascular structures and subsequent predisposition to recurrence. The operative steps for radical, modified, and selective neck dissection are described. Both intraoperative and postoperation complications are explained.
This review contains 5 figures, 1 table, and 51 references.
Tracheostomy
Authors: Reines H. David , Franco Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

The most common indications for modern tracheostomy are prolonged ventilation for respiratory failure and airway protection following traumatic brain injury with neurologic dysfunction. For background purposes, history and facts related to early tracheostomy are provided. Thereafter, anatomy and physiology are discussed, as are other anatomical considerations, including the site of the procedures, anesthesia, and patient positioning. Counseling and informed consent are also discussed. The operative techniques are provided for emergent surgical airway (cricothyroidotomy and transtracheal needle ventilation and oxygenation) and open and percutaneous tracheostomy. Tracheostomy management is described. Complications are listed and described. Early complications include displacement, pneumomediastinum/pneumothorax, bleeding, infection, acute obstruction, and negative pressure pulmonary edema. Late complications include subglottic tracheal stenosis, tracheal granulation, vocal cord dysfunction, tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheoinnominate fistula, and tracheocutaneous fistula.
This review contains 13 figures, 1 video, 2 tables, and 38 references.
Cough and Hemoptysis
Authors: Andaz Shahriyour , Danovich Svetlana , B Draeger Tyler
Published: January 2021

Cough is one of the most common complaints that brings patients to seek medical attention, resulting in 30 to 50 million visits annually. Cough can be divided into three categories based on chronicity: namely acute, subacute, and chronic. Treatment of cough depends on the chronicity and etiology of the cough. Similarly, hemoptysis is a common occurrence, albeit less frequent than cough. Like cough, the treatment is dependent on etiology.  Hemoptysis must always be taken seriously as death may occur from massive hemoptysis and result from asphyxiation. Whenever possible, attempts must be made to control massive hemorrhage by interventional techniques.
This review contains 6 figures, 3 tables, and 69 references.
Keywords: Cough, Hemoptysis, Smoking, Chest pain, GERD, Asthma, Hemorrhage, mucus, tracheoinnominate
Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Crago Aimee M. , Singer Samuel
Published: January 2021

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) refers to a rare group of cancers that develop from mesenchymal cells and their progenitors. Histologic subtype, in conjunction with tumor location and size, largely defines the biologic behavior of a given lesion and the associated clinical prognosis in these cancers. The diverse characteristics of these tumors means that their treatment is similarly complex. The etiology, tumor staging and prognosis, evaluation, and treatment of STS are discussed in this review, with an aim to present an algorithm for patient evaluation and treatment while highlighting common indications for diverging from this strategy as dictated by disease subtype and location. Figures show the histologic distribution of primary STS diagnosed in the extremity and retroperitoneum and intra-abdominal compartments; disease-specific survival for primary extremity and retroperitoneal and intra-abdominal tumors stratified by histologic subtype; local recurrence in primary extremity STS stratified by histologic subtype; disease-specific survival according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNGM stage; a postoperative nomogram for prediction of sarcoma-specific death at 12 years postresection for patients with STS; representative cross-sectional images of an atypical lipomatous tumor, a myxofibrosarcoma, and a desmoid tumor; a treatment algorithm for STS of the extremity; a magnetic resonance image and intraoperative photographs showing a mixoid liposarcoma of the posterior thigh; and computed tomography showing a retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma and a photograph of the surgical bed following resection. 
This review contains 10 figures, 12 tables, and 49 references.
Keywords:  Sarcoma, soft tissue, cancer, myxofibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma,
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Hiatal Hernia
Authors: Perry Kyle A. , Wang Vivian L.
Published: January 2021

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common, affecting approximately 18 to 27% of adult Americans, and can have a considerable impact on quality of life. Hiatal hernias are present in 80% of patients with symptomatic GERD. This review covers the basic pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment algorithms for patients with GERD and hiatal hernia. Figures show normal gastroesophageal junction anatomy, treatment algorithm for patients with symptomatic GERD, schematic and endoscopic images of long segment Barrett's esophagus, a normal barium esophagogram, esophageal intraluminal pressures assessed by esophageal manometry, test results from a 48-hour wireless pH study, laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, laparoscopic gastroesophageal junction reinforcement, classification of paraesophageal hernia, and endoscopic view of Cameron ulcers at the level of the diaphragm in the setting of a type III paraesophageal hernia. Tables list risk factors for GERD and a standardized approach to Nissen fundoplication.
This review contains 10 figures, 3 tables, and 68 references.
Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD, hiatal hernia, paraesophageal hernia, anti-reflux surgery, Nissen fundoplication, Barrett's esophagus, manometry, pH study
Management of Complicated Gallstone Disease
Authors: Wakam Glenn , Telem Dana
Published: January 2021

Nearly 9% of men and 30% of women in the United States experience symptoms or complications of gallstone disease. As such, nearly every general surgeon in the country encounters patients with this pathology numerous times during his or her career. Cholelithiasis can cause complications such as acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, gallstone pancreatitis, and the rare entities of Mirizzi syndrome and gallstone ileus. Patients with gallstones have a 1 to 3% risk per year of a complication, and that risk increases significantly to 30% in those with biliary colic. Surgical management of the complications of gallstones is especially intriguing because the cases are often perceived as low complexity; however, it is an operation that can challenge even the most seasoned attending and result in significant complications. Studies demonstrate complication rates up to 10% following cholecystectomy, with bile duct injury rates hovering at 4 in 1,000. This chapter aims to provide the reader with knowledge of the presentation, imaging, work-up, and framework for the management of complicate gallbladder disease. Furthermore, we hope to provide you with a foundation of how to perform a safe cholecystectomy in a variety of circumstances and impart a few tips and tricks for some challenging intraoperative situations.

This review contains 2 figures, and 55 references.
Key Words: cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, cholescintigraphy, common bile duct exploration, critical view of safety, ERCP, gallstone pancreatitis, subtotal cholecystectomy
Intestinal Stomas
Authors: Williams J Graham
Published: January 2021

Formation of an intestinal stoma is frequently a component of surgical intervention for diseases of the small bowel and the colon. The most common intestinal stomas are the ileostomies (end and loop) and the colostomies (end and loop). Preoperative counseling, choice of procedure, and selection of stoma site are described. The general principles of the operative technique are listed, as is the creation of the stoma aperture. Types of colostomies are described and include end, loop, and double-barrel. For ileostomy, end, loop, loop-end, split, and continent are described. Details are provided on the stoma closure for loop ileostomy and loop colostomy. The chapter has sections on troubleshooting and complications, including ischemia, stenosis, prolapse, retraction, parastomal hernia, obstruction, and fistula. Figures show an end colostomy, loop colostomy, preparation of terminal ileum and placement of sutures for an end ileostomy, stoma closure for loop ileostomy, stabilization of retracted ileostomy, preperitoneal mesh repair of parastomal hernia, and laparoscopic intra-abdominal placement of polytetrafluoroethylene-coated mesh. Tables show indications for different types of intestinal stomas, incidence of common complications of the intestinal stomas, incidence of parastomal hernia formation, and additional complications arising after stoma formation.
This review contains 12 figures, 5 tables, and 106 references.
Repair of Femoral and Popliteal Artery Aneurysms
Authors: O'Hara Patrick J.
Published: January 2021

Femoral and popliteal artery aneurysms constitute most peripheral aneurysms. In general, with both femoral and popliteal artery aneurysms, elective repair and reconstruction tend to be associated with significantly better postoperative outcomes than emergency repair undertaken after a limb-threatening complication. Specific treatment decisions may be influenced by the presence or absence of symptoms of aneurysmal disease. For femoral artery aneurysms, this chapter presents the preoperative evaluation, operative planning, operative technique (endovascular repair, ultrasound-guided compression, and open surgical repair), and outcome evaluation. For popliteal aneurysms, this chapter discusses the preoperative evaluation, operative planning (indications for repair and preoperative arterial thrombolysis), operative technique (open vs. endovascular repair), and outcome evaluation (dependent on whether surgical or endovascular). 
This review contains 15 figures, 9 tables, and 41 references.
Keywords:Lower extremity aneurysm, popliteal artery aneurysm, femoral artery aneurysm, surgical repair, endovascular repair, thrombosis, embolization
Infrainguinal Arterial Procedures
Authors: Reed Amy B.
Published: January 2021

Even in the endovascular era, infrainguinal arterial bypass remains a mainstay in a vascular surgeon’s armamentarium for treating patients with claudication or critical limb ischemia. New techniques include hybrid endovascular and open options to treat those patients with limited autogenous conduit or to simply decrease graft length to help minimize risk of stenosis long term. Over time, the perceived notions of distal vein cuffs and use of prosthetic below the knee have been modified with extensive registry and literature reviews, making lower extremity bypass an ever-changing treatment modality.

Key words: duplex mapping, femoral tibial artery exposure, hybrid, vein harvest
This review contains 17 figures, and 77 references.
Peritoneal Dialysis Access
Authors: Shaffer David , Forbes Rachel
Published: January 2021

Currently approximately 10% of the 650,000 ESRD patients in the U.S. requiring renal replacement therapy are on peritoneal dialysis (PD).  Although equally efficacious as hemodialysis (HD), advantages of PD may include a more flexible schedule allowing greater freedom to work or travel, better tolerability in patients with cardiovascular compromise, and decreased costs.   PD requires an intact peritoneal membrane and abdominal wall and the ability to perform at home, either by the patient  or by a caregiver.  Although PD catheters can be inserted via open or laparoscopic techniques, laparoscopic insertion allows for direct visualization and placement of the tip of the catheter, as well as the ability to secure the tip of the dialysis catheter in the pelvis.  Laparoscopic insertion improves catheter survival, reduces the incidence of mechanical complications, and allows for additional procedures, such as repair of umbilical hernias, lysis of adhesions, or omentopexy. Laparoscopy is also ideal for secondary procedures for catheter salvage.  Infections remain the most frequent complication of peritoneal dialysis catheters and the most common reason for catheter removal or conversion from PD to HD.  
This review contains 16 figures, 6 tables, and 40 references.
Key Words: Peritoneal dialysis; End-stage renal disease; renal replacement therapy; dialysis; laparoscopy; catheter-associated peritonitis; exit site infections; catheterpexy; omental wrapping; catheter outflow obstruction.
Complex Perianal Fistulas
Authors: Halverson Amy L , Zutshi Massarat
Published: January 2021

Recurrent fistulas, fistulas with multiple external openings, those involving more than one third of the anal sphincter complex, and fistulas involving adjacent organs are considered complex. Fistulas occurring in the setting of perianal Crohn disease or following pelvic radiation are also considered complex. Evaluation of a fistula includes a detailed history and physical examination. Imaging with ultrasonography helps delineate the course of a fistula relative to adjacent structures as well as identify occult branching of the fistula tract. The initial step in treating fistulas is resolving associated inflammation. When treating fistulas with multiple branching tracts, the portion of the tracts outside the anal sphincter complex should be unroofed, with the goal of transforming the complex fistula into a simpler fistula with a single internal opening. The selection of the most appropriate treatment for a complex fistula depends on the etiology, anatomy, patient comorbidities, and condition of surrounding tissue.
Key Words: anal fistula, anovaginal fistula, Crohn disease, fistulotomy, rectourethral fistula