bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muerte y morir en el hospital: una mirada social, espiritual y ética de los estudiantes
Authors: Sandoval Sylvia Álvarez , Vargas Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira , Schneider Dulcinéia Ghizoni , Magalhães Aline Lima Pestana , Brehmer Laura Cavalcanti de Farias , Zilli Francielly
Published: April 2020

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar las implicancias sociales, espirituales y éticas que tiene el proceso de muerte y morir para estudiantes de enfermería. Metodología Abordaje cualitativo, de carácter descriptivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 19 estudiantes de enfermería de quinto año. Los datos recolectados fueron sometidos a los preceptos de Análisis de Contenido, analizados a la luz de los principios bioéticos y relacionados con la Teoría del Final Tranquilo de la Vida, de Ruland y Moore. Resultados Las implicancias sociales se relacionan con las experiencias previas y el abordaje familiar, el significado espiritual está ligado a la trascendencia del espíritu como una explicación de que la persona se compone de un cuerpo biológico que termina con la muerte, y los relatos sobre las implicancias éticas muestran la importancia del cuidado humanizado y el significado de una muerte digna. Conclusión e implicación para la práctica La autorreflexión acerca del significado de la muerte y su proceso, ayuda al estudiante a respetar los valores y creencias del paciente y su familia con respecto al proceso de finitud, y por lo tanto, a propiciar un cuidado más digno. Destacamos el proceso de educación en enfermería con respecto a los aspectos éticos implicados en el final de la vida.
Book review
Authors: Sims Ian
Published: April 2020

Concrete in Extreme Environments
El sistema de riesgos laborales en Colombia
Authors: Herrera Tapias Beliña , Lizarazo Mejía Benjamín
Published: April 2020

Este artículo de revisión tiene dos fi nes específi cos, realizar un análisis de los antecedentes del Sistema General de Riesgos Laborales en Colombia y la determinación de los cambios introducidos por la Ley 1562 de 2012; a fin de establecer si estos son coherentes con los objetivos del sistema, el cual pretende una protección integral del trabajador preventiva y/o contingente a través de las entidades públicas y privadas destinadas a atender a los trabajadores en todas aquellas vicisitudes que en materia de salud y riesgos laborales puedan presentarse, producto de su actividad laboral. Para ello se empleó un estudio jurídico descriptivo con aplicación de los métodos analítico e inductivo, permitiéndonos obtener la identifi cación de las motivaciones e inquietudes en cuanto si el cambio normativo generó un simple cambio en la terminología, o si realmente se amplió la cobertura estableciendo mecanismos que permitan la inclusión al sistema de trabajadores independientes e informales.
Políticas públicas en educación en zonas fronterizas
Authors: G Carlos Arturo
Published: April 2020

Las zonas fronterizas son regiones de características particulares en las que confluyen culturas y desarrollos de dos países, lo que configura dinámicas y condiciones especiales en cuanto a educación se refiere. El caso de la aplicación de políticas públicas educativas en la frontera colombo venezolana resulta de singular interés dadas las transformaciones que se han dado en las últimas décadas en ambos países. Se propone un análisis del concepto y desarrollo de políticas públicas, así como sus proyectos de renovación en educación superior. Finalmente, se presenta la aplicación de políticas públicas educativas realizada en la Universidad Simón Bolívar, sede Cúcuta y las implicaciones para la zona fronteriza.
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid IX (ACSF.IX) v3
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: April 2020

Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid IX (ACSF.IX) is used for applications including tissue bath solution during electrophysiological recording for probing synaptic connections under physiological conditions. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Mouse Whole Cell Tissue Processing for 10x Genomics Platform v6
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: April 2020

This protocol describes how to isolate tissue from various ROI’s of the mouse brain followed by preparation of a highly concentrated single cell suspension for transcriptomic profiling on 10x Genomics platform. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Home invasion of triatomines increases the risk of Chagas disease transmission in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: MOTA BRUNA DANIELE LISBOA , Valente Vera da Costa , Ramos Francisco Lúzio de Paula , Valente Sebastião Aldo da Silva , Pinto Ana Yecê das Neves
Published: April 2020

Chagas disease is a parasitic infection with a large reemergent rates in some Amazon regions with usual features of outbreaks of the acute disease mainly by oral transmission. The main vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi are hematophagous insects, the triatomines. Some of them can establish themselves in human dwellings and their annexes but others are mostly wild. In the state of Pará, few records have been made about the occurrence of those wild vectors in fortuitous contact with inhabitants in riverside regions in the Amazon. These vector behaviours have been studied by our group since 2006, trying to explain their role in transmission of the silent disease or asymptomatic infection. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological profile of populations exposed to random triatomine home invasion in riverside areas with this registered occurrence. This is a cross-sectional study developed in Abaetetuba city, in the state of Pará, where we conducted a seroepidemiologic survey in inhabitants that registered triatomine home invasion. The results demonstrated that triatomine invasions occur especially in the in-home environment and in the rural zone. The genus Rhodnius was the most found in residences of the municipalities. Direct contact through the vector was reported by 15.55% of the total participants, and an unusual vector behaviour were observed during the day. Despite this small casuistic, 0.47% of the enrolled inhabitants had positive serology IgG anti- T. cruzi antibodies. We confirm one occurrence of asymptomatic infection in a child and, also, favourable links to the Chagas disease transmission chain. Faced with the scarcity of information on triatomine aggression in the Amazon, the authors recommended an entomological study of greater scope in those areas. The record of unusual vector behaviour and the serological surveillance of human populations under this risk may constitute a new tool for the early detection of silent infections and reinforce the knowledges about the behaviour of invading insects. At the same time, health education can assist in strategies for the prevention of Chagas' disease.
Mobile microbiome networks across spatiotemporal gradients
Authors: Wu Rongling , Jiang Libo , Griffin Christopher
Published: April 2020

Background: The microbiome, a community of microbes that co-reside in biotic or abiotic environments, underlies biogeochemical cycling, plant and animal development, and human health. Increasing evidence shows that much of the role the microbiome plays is executed through complex interactions among microbes. Thus, network reconstruction has been increasingly used as a tool to disentangle internal workings within microbial communities.Results: We developed a general framework for recovering microbial interaction networks from any design of microbial experiment. This framework represents a quasi-dynamic game model (qdGM) derived from the seamless integration of evolutionary game theory and allometric scaling laws. The qdGM can not only characterize how individual microbes act singly, but also reveal how different microbes interact with each other to govern microbial community assembly. Beyond existing approaches that can only identify a single overall microbial network from a number of samples, our framework can track and visualize how interaction networks vary from sample to sample and covert sample-specific (personalized) networks into context-specific networks. More importantly, this framework can reconstruct such mobile microbial networks from steady-state data, facilitating the widespread use of network tools to understand the impact of the microbiome on natural processes.Conclusions: As proof of concept, we used the new framework to analyze human gut microbiota data and interspecific animal-associated microbiota data. Mobile networks reconstructed from each dataset can characterize previously unknown mechanisms that drive the change of microbial interaction architecture and organization along spatiotemporal gradients. This framework provides a tool to generate process-specific microbiome networks that can be readily translated into various biotechnological applications and evolutionary studies.
To Serum or Not to Serum: Reduced-serum based methods for contact-based co-culture of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) and epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) for wound bed studies
Authors: Kadam Snehal , Vandana Madhusoodhanan , Kaushik Karishma
Published: April 2020

Background: Contact-based co-culture of human dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes is important to study wound bed structure and functions. Co-culture of these two cell types in direct contact with each other has been a long-standing and challenging issue, owing to specific and different serum and growth factor requirements of the two cell types. Existing protocols employ high-serum concentrations (up to 10% FBS), complex cell feeder systems, and a range of supplemental factors. These approaches are not only technically demanding, labor- and material-intensive but also pose scientific and ethical limitations associated with high concentrations of animal serum. On the other hand, serum-free conditions often fail to support the attachment and proliferation of one or both cell types when cultured together. Results: Given this, we have developed two reduced-serum based approaches (1-2% serum), using commonly-available media components, to support the contact-based co-culture of HDFa and HaCaT cells. Using these approaches, HDFa and HaCaT were co-cultured by layering keratinocytes over confluent fibroblasts or by co-seeding the two cell types simultaneously. Under these conditions, both cell types showed robust attachment and proliferation, and characteristic cellular morphology in co-culture. Further, these co-cultured platforms enabled the study of important wound bed functions such as cell migration and wound closure.Conclusions: We believe that these methods can be leveraged for a range of wound and skin studies, and tissue bioengineering applications, potentially reducing concerns with high-serum formulations.
Morphological Characterization of Prickled and Prickle-free Rubus Using Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Khadgi Archana , Weber Courtney A.
Published: April 2020

Caneberry crops (raspberry and blackberry) are globally commercialized specialty crops with a high fresh market value. Field management of canes and harvesting of fruits can be complicated by the presence of prickles (the botanically accurate term rather than spines or thorns) on the stems, petioles, and underside of the leaves. Both field management and fruit harvesting could be simplified by the development of cultivars with prickle-free canes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze and compare prickle development in different Rubus species. Comparisons were made between prickled vs. prickle-free red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.), blackberry (Rubus hybrid), complex hybrid with purple fruit (R. occidentalis × R. idaeus), and the hairy and prickled wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim). Samples from stems and leaves with petioles attached were used for imaging. There were distinct differences between prickled vs. prickle-free phenotypes in each species. The images of prickle development suggest that prickles either develop directly from glandular trichomes (in red raspberry and wineberry) or that the signal originates from glandular trichomes (in blackberry). Black raspberry prickle development was similar to that of blackberry, suggesting that prickles developed after a developmental signal from glandular trichomes rather than as a direct development from glandular trichomes. The prickle development in the purple hybrid was unique in the presence of one-sided lumps in the trichomes, which has not been seen in any other Rubus species to date; however, both prickled and prickle-free plants exhibited simple nonglandular trichomes. Unlike previous studies, an increase in the number of simple trichomes was not specific to prickle-free plants, but rather variability among the different genotypes was observed. This study adds to the basic understanding of prickle development in the genus Rubus as a first step in the development of prickle-free versions of important cultivars through gene-editing procedures for improving the ease of field management and harvesting.
Co-creation of affordable and clean pumped irrigation for smallholders: lessons from Nepal and Malawi
Authors: Intriago Zambrano J. C. , van Dijk R. , Michavila J. , Arenas Pinilla E. , Diehl J. C. , Ertsen M. W.
Published: April 2020

Pumped irrigation is a way to intensify smallholder production. In this context, the Dutch company aQysta has developed the Barsha pump (BP), the first-ever commercial version of the spiral pumps. BPs, however, face several constraints that affect the decision-making and access of smallholders to this and other agricultural technologies, and thus to their benefits. On this subject, Product Service System (PSS) is a type of business model able to potentially cope with a number of restrictions of different nature. Moreover, if co-created with the feedback of the users, and by addressing contextual tensions of different cases, these models can be substantially richer than their top-down counterparts. Six cases of the use of BPs have been addressed in Nepal and Malawi. Both primary and secondary data, analyzed qualitatively under the analytic induction approach, were collected through unstructured interviews and Q-methodology. Evidence shows a wide range of (non-)technical facilitating and hampering conditions for the BP, as well as preferences of the smallholders in regard to existing and proposed business model elements. Based on the corresponding analysis, a set of opportunities for an improved BP-based business model – PSS, aiming to fulfil several (and at times opposing) needs, is ultimately proposed in the current paper.
Current Strategies and Approaches in Combating SARS-CoV-2 Virus that Causes COVID-19
Authors: Sivaraman D. , Pradeep P. S. , Manoharan S. Sundar , Bhat C. Ramachandra , Leela K. V. , Venugopal V.
Published: April 2020

The pandemic spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
that causes COVID-19 calls for global health emergency with wide prevalence across 94 countries,
and around 3073 deaths reported in china on 7th March 2020 which created red alert zone in the
country. It was further noticed other than China, countries like the republic of Korea ranked first
with 6767 cases, Italy with 4747 and Iran with 3513 cases. The spread of COVID-19 made a
historical transition between December 2019 to March 2020 by extending the paradigm to a newer
territory every day with the highest predicted reproductive number <2. Hence, while combating the
epidemic spread, there are spectra of strategies that require crucial validation, some of which include
drug repurposing, enzyme inhibition, target drug delivery etc. Among these, the category of drugs
called enzyme inhibitors has a unique opportunity in the process of new drug discovery as these
enzymes possess structural versatility starting from the host viral interface and up to the release of a
new virus. Drugs entrapped within liposomes are highly effective against intracellular
microorganisms as per published observations. Regulatory authorities like World Health
Organization (WHO) and Centre for disease control and prevention (CDC) strongly recommend the
need for the PPE’s like N95 respirator to avoid person to person contact. In this context, Electrospun
Nanofiber Technology (ENT) offers ultrathin fibres (20-200 nm) with close proximity of 99.97% of
high efficient air filtration. Fabrication of ultrafine nano mask by utilizing electospun technology
will surely benefit millions of people in a time-dependent manner.
Arthropod Diversity in the Tea Plantation within Several Years after Pruning in Pagilaran, Central Java
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad Rizyan Anggra , Wagiman F. X. , Wijonarko Arman
Published: April 2020

The lush leaves of tea within several years after prune is expected to be followed by arthropod abundance and diversity. The study aimed to evaluate the arthropod abundance, diversity, evenness, and dominance, at the tea plantation within several years after the prune. The study was conducted at Pagilaran tea plantations, Central Java, from April to May 2018, at an altitude of 900 m asl. Arthropod samplings were done in four plots of tea plantation namely 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after pruning, hereafter they are called PY1, PY2, PY3, and PY4.  The plot area was approximately 1 ha. The arthropod specimens were collected using sweep net and pitfall trap every day for 6 consecutive days.  The arthropod identification and calculation were carried out in the Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Analysis of variance was applied to determine the effect of PY on the Arthropod abundance. The Shannon Wienner index, the Evenness index, and the Simpson index, were used to evaluate the arthropod diversity, evenness, and dominance, respectively. The results showed that the PY significantly affected the arthropod abundance. The arthropod number collected from PY1 (27 individuals/50 swings) was significantly lower as compared to the other PYs, while arthropod numbers amongst PY2, PY3, and PY4 (53, 93, and 67 individuals/50 swings, respectively) were relatively similar. Out of the total number of 1.432 arthropod specimens, it comprised of 10 orders at which Hemiptera was the highest order (48.04%), and 69 families at which Cicadellidae was the highest family (32.12%). Amongst specimens of Cicadellidae, there was Empoasca sp. which is an important tea pest. The Shannon Wienner index (H) of orders and families ranged from 1.24 to 2.69 indicates moderate arthropod diversity. The Evenness index (e') ranged from 0.57 to 0.91) indicates the arthropod evenly distributed. Meanwhile, the Simpson index (D) ranged 0.10 - 0.39 indicates that there was no dominance of the order or family.
Food Security Improvement Policy in Urban Area Through Urban Farming Program in Malang (Studies in the Department of Agriculture and Food Security Malang)
Authors: Nasuiton Said , Nurjaman Asep
Published: April 2020

Food security is inseparable from the factors of availability, quality, and affordability of food, where a country can assure the food needs of society ranging from families to individuals. This is mentioned in the latest Law number 18 of 2012 on Food, which states that food security includes the availability of food in quantity, quality, and affordability that aim to create a healthy, productive, and sustainable life. This paper discusses the extent to which the urban farming program as one of the government programs influences the community to achieve food security, especially family food needs. This research was conducted in several villages in five sub-districts of Malang, namely Klojen, Suku, Lowokwaru, Blimbing, and Kedungkandang. The research method used in this paper is qualitative descriptive. The primary data were collected through interviews and field observations, while the secondary data were collected through literature and documentation study. From the research conducted, the results show that this urban farming program influences several points about food security, especially those mentioned in Law number 18 of 2012, including availability, quality, and affordability. In addition, the research revealed that some locations are less able to develop urban farming programs effectively, due to the lack of supervision, socialization, and technical guidance.
Marketing and Music
Authors: O’Reilly Dr Daragh , Larsen Dr Gretchen , Kubacki Dr Krzysztof
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this book is to contribute to discussions about the music business from a marketing point of view. Arts marketers have long argued that marketing thinking needs to be substantially adapted to deal with the complexities and particularities of the creative and cultural industries. There are a number of books which take a practical approach to the marketing of music (e.g. Baker’s (2012) Guerilla Music Marketing Online), or provide an overview of the music industry (e.g. Kusek and Leonhard’s (2005) The Future of Music: A Manifesto for the Digital Music Revolution and Wikstrom’s (2009) The Music Industry: Music in the Cloud), or comment on economic aspects of the business from the point of view of popular music studies. This book, in contrast, deals with the application of marketing and consumer studies theory to the business. As far as the authors can establish, this has not been attempted before.
Music as Product
Authors: O’Reilly Dr Daragh , Larsen Dr Gretchen , Kubacki Dr Krzysztof
Published: April 2020

n order to develop a more holistic and integrated understanding of the relationship between music and the market, and consequently of music production and consumption, it is necessary to examine the notion of music as a product. The very act of exploring the relationship between music, markets and consumption immediately frames music as a ‘product’. In the marketplace, music is ‘produced’ and ‘consumed’ rather than made and heard. But the language and practices of the market and of marketing go far beyond the labelling of music making and listening in this way. They are pervasive and, as such, mediate our everyday engagement with music, regardless of the role we play in the market. The way the quality of music is evaluated is dominated by measures of sales success: songs ‘top the charts’, artists ‘sell out’ stadiums and tours, and recording companies sign ‘the next big thing’ to contracts in the expectation of future sales. Even a particular market can be held up as measure of success: in popular music, many bands, such as the Beatles, have been deemed to be successful only after they have ‘broken America’ by reaching high positions on the US music charts.
Socio Cultural Music Branding
Authors: O’Reilly Dr Daragh , Larsen Dr Gretchen , Kubacki Dr Krzysztof
Published: April 2020

All of the issues in the preceding chapter come under the heading of meaning. Although there is some acknowledgement within the marketing discipline of the notion of brand meanings, relatively little attention has been paid to an underlying theory of cultural meaning. In order to deal with this, it is helpful to turn to cultural studies and a socio-cultural approach to branding. In this chapter, a framework is proposed for how music brands are created. Branding discourse is not good at understanding the meaning of arts and entertainment offerings. Because branding terminology has been largely developed by business academics, practitioners and intermediaries, it is a very blunt instrument in the cultural arena. By framing something or someone as a brand, the speaker invokes a particular way of speaking, a discursive repertoire, or a lens, which focuses on certain features of a phenomenon and pushes others out of focus. In fact, a serious failure of mainstream branding theory as applied by commercial marketers is its failure, relatively speaking, to handle the cultural dimensions of arts brands. It is unhelpful to apply commercial branding terminology to arts and entertainment brands without carefully considering the cultural context, the social interaction between all of the stakeholders, what meanings are generated and understood around the specific musical project or scene, what art-generic conventions apply, and what ideologies and values inform production and consumption practices in the project in question.
ENSINAR MATEMÁTICA À LUZ DE UMA PERSPECTIVA CRÍTICA: algumas reflexões
Authors: Silva Josias Pedro da , Lima Iranete Maria da Silva , Gitirana Verônica
Published: April 2020

Este ensaio traz reflexões sobre possibilidades de ruptura com a perspectiva universalista presente no modelo tradicional de ensino, por meio da integração de elementos do contexto sociopolítico e cultural dos estudantes nas atividades matemáticas. Para tanto, apresentamos um exemplo de atividade para cada um dos seis ambientes de aprendizagem preconizados pela Educação Matemática Crítica, destacando o cenário para investigação como ambiente que favorece o diálogo e a investigação que, por sua vez, são elementos necessários para o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico dos estudantes. Estes exemplos podem ajudar o professor a repensar suas escolhas didáticas, de modo a incorporar elementos do contexto sociopolítico e cultural nas aulas de matemática, como estratégia de ensino em uma perspectiva crítica.
Tax loss carryforwards: Fiscal implications for regional budgets
Authors: Anisimova A.A.
Published: April 2020

Importance. This article deals with the implications for regional budgets arising from the introduction of tax incentives in terms of damaging the regional budget and attracting investments in the region's economy.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze the consequences of applying a benefit of tax loss carryforward for tax revenues of regional budgets.
Methods For the study, I used econometric methods and statistics data of 2016.
Results. The article presents the results of analysis of fiscal costs for the regions due to tax loss carryforward and shows the calculation results of the impact of the benefit on investment and regional budgets for two scenarios of fiscal policy.
Conclusions. The analysis of the two fiscal policy scenarios for regional budgets shows that introducing a restriction on the benefit in the first case would result in economy of the budget, and in the second case, it would result in the losses from the decrease of investment activity.
The comprehensive approach to establishing economic security management in a foreign trade entity
Authors: Khrustalev E.Yu. , Mart'yanova O.V.
Published: April 2020

Subject. The article unfolds the main lines for developing the comprehensive analysis methodology as part of the economic security management in entities dealing with foreign trade. It also concerns the development of methodological tools for evaluating its constituents that help make reasoned managerial decisions.
Objectives. The study formulates the comprehensive approach to forming the economic security management in an entity dealing with foreign trade, and ensures the relationship of balanced economic processes and effectiveness of managerial decisions.
Methods. Research is based on the information and analytical concept for ensuring the economic security of a foreign trading entity. The concept involves tools of economic and mathematical modeling, control and analysis of respective efficiency, thus allowing to evaluate the economic security of an entity with reference to its sectoral specifics.
Results. The approach proposed herein is designated for the management level that includes information and financial constituents, foreign trade risks, providing for the quality of global economic ties which is based on the economic sovereignty of each foreign trade actor and independent decision-making.
Conclusions and Relevance. If the comprehensive approach to setting up the economic security management process is implemented, the entity will be able not only to control, but also timely coordinate processes influencing its economic security.
Probing the 14-3-3 Isoform-Specificity Profile of Interactions Stabilized by Fusicoccin A
Authors: Frederich James , Sengupta Ananya , Liriano Josue , A. Bienkiewicz Ewa , Miller Brian G.
Published: April 2020

Fusicoccin A (FC) is a fungal phytotoxin that stabilizes protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between 14-3-3 adapter proteins and their phosphoprotein interaction partners. In recent years, FC has emerged as an important chemical probe of human 14-3-3 PPIs implicated in cancer and neurological diseases. These previous studies have established the structural requirements for FC-induced stabilization of 14-3-3·client phosphoprotein complexes; however, the effect of different 14-3-3 isoforms on FC activity has not been systematically explored. This is a relevant question for the continued development of FC variants because there are seven distinct isoforms of 14-3-3 in humans. Despite their remarkable sequence and structural similarities, a growing body of experimental evidence supports both tissue-specific expression of 14-3-3 isoforms and isoform-specific functions in vivo. Herein, we report the isoform-specificity profile of FC in vitrousing recombinant human 14-3-3 isoforms and a focused library of fluorescein-labeled hexaphosphopeptides mimicking the C-terminal 14-3-3 recognition domains of client phosphoproteins targeted by FC in cell culture. Our results reveal modest isoform preferences for individual client phospholigands and demonstrate that FC differentially stabilizes PPIs involving 14-3-3s. Together, these data provide strong motivation for the development of non-natural FC variants with enhanced selectivity for individual 14-3-3 isoforms.
Factorial Design of Experiments for Optimization of Photocatalytic Degradation of Tartrazine by Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanorods with Different Aspect Ratios
Authors: Skinner Andrew , DiBernardo Anthony , Masud Arvid , Aich Nirupam , Pinto Alexandre
Published: April 2020

The photocatalytic degradation of the azo dye tartrazine using zinc oxide (ZnO) as photocatalyst under ultraviolet light was investigated using a 24 factorial design. The variables studied were the aspect ratio of ZnO nanorods, the ZnO load, the initial pH of tartrazine solution, and the H2O2 volume. These variables were studied aiming to maximize the tartrazine removal efficiency and the pseudo-1st-order rate constant of the removal process. The ZnO aspect ratio was tuned by varying the Lewis base during the synthesis, hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) was used to prepare ZnO with low aspect ratio (ZnO_LowAR), and NaOH was used to prepare ZnO with high aspect ratio (ZnO_HighAR). The microstructural characterizations indicated that ZnO_LowAR and ZnO_HighAR nanorods have similar structural, textural and optical properties. The only exception was the dimensions of the nanorods obtained, which could result in differences in the facets exposed on each type of nanorod surface. The factorial design revealed that ZnO aspect ratio, the initial pH of tartrazine solution, and the H2O2 volume all have primary significant effects, whereas the ZnO load is not significant neither in the tartrazine removal efficiency nor in the pseudo-1st-order rate constant. Statistical models considering the coefficients of the significant interactions were obtained, leading to reasonable predicted results in comparison to the results experimentally obtained. The conditions leading to highest removal efficiency (~92%) and pseudo-1st-order rate constant (3.81 x 10-2 min-1) were carried out with ZnO_HighAR, initial pH 7, and without H2O2, which outperformed the TiO2 P-25 under the same conditions.
Kinetic Study of Disulfonimide Catalyzed Cyanosilylation of Aldehyde Using a Method of Progress Rates
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Klussmann Martin , List Benjamin
Published: April 2020

Kinetic study of organic reactions, especially multistep catalytic reactions, is crucial to in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms. Here we report our kinetic study of the chiral disulfonimide catalyzed cyanosilylation of aldehyde, which reveals that two molecules of TMSCN are involved in the rate-determining C-C bond forming step. In addition, the apparent activation energy, enthalpy of activation and entropy of activation were deduced through the study of temperature dependence of the reaction rates. More importantly, a novel and efficient method which makes use of the progress rates was developed to treat the kinetic data obtained from continuous monitoring of the reaction progress with in situ FT-IR.
INCREASING MOTIVATION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES AT AN AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Petrenko Natalia
Published: April 2020

This article defines the criteria for the formation of the pedagogical competence of scientific and pedagogical workers in physical education (motivational-value, cognitive-processual, developmental, educational, health-saving, communicative), their structure, content and measurement methods are disclosed. The determination of the components of the pedagogical competence of scientific and pedagogical workers of physical education makes it possible to significantly expand the range of pedagogical knowledge, skills and abilities of scientific and pedagogical workers of physical education, as well as to carry out their diagnostics as a kind of reference point for the content of the methodological work of the model of the educational process, which will help to adjust the process of development of pedagogical competence scientific and pedagogical workers of physical education in the methodological work of an agricultural university.
Physical education in an agrarian institution of higher education is aimed at solving the following specific tasks: formation of high moral, strong-willed and physical qualities of the learners of higher education, readiness for highly productive work; students’ health protection and promotion, promotion the all-round development of the body, maintaining high performance throughout the study period; comprehensive physical training; vocational-applied physical training of higher education learners, taking into account the features of future employment; gaining the necessary knowledge of the fundamentals of theory, methodology, and organization of physical education and sports training, preparation for work as public instructors, coaches and judges; improving the athletic skills of higher education athletes; nurturing awareness of the need to regularly exercise in physical culture and sports
PERSONAL AND MOTIVATION CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT OF MASTERS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION TO INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Tsiuniak Oksana
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the actual problem of professional preparation of future masters of elementary education for innovative activity. The author points out that the realities of the modern world, the transformation processes in the education system, the social procurement of the labor market encourage the revision of certain established views on the goals and objectives of higher education in general and the professional training of future masters of elementary education in particular. In this regard, there is a need to organize a system that would provide a purposeful process of forming the masters’ professional readiness for innovation activity. The study of this process allowed us to identify the main components of masters’ professional readiness for a specific activity, such as cognitive, motivational, reflexive, praxeological.
In the context of the of the study, the motivational component determines the formation of motives for innovation as a pledge of self-realization and self-development of undergraduates; interest in innovation as an important source of professional needs, personal growth, a strong interest in creativity and more.
In the article the level of the personality-motivational criterion is: conscious attitude of future masters of elementary education to innovative activity; formation of motives for professional self-improvement and self-development; stable orientation on humanistic values in pedagogical innovative activity; formation of professionally significant personality traits; the need for innovation; formation of creative potential; professional mobility.
In the article the level of formation of personality-motivational criterion (motivational component) of professional readiness of future masters of elementary education for innovative activity at the indicative stage of the experiment is analyzed.
Understanding maternal dietary behaviour and perceived attributes of foods in the context of food insecurity in rural Bangladesh: a qualitative study
Authors: Khatun Wajiha , Rasheed Sabrina , Dibley Michael J , Alam Ashraful
Published: April 2020

Background

Evidence shows inadequate dietary diversity among women in resource poor settings in developing countries. We explored women’s perceived attributes related to food choices to understand their eating habits during pregnancy and lactation, in rural Bangladesh.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study in two villages in Jamalpur District in northern Bangladesh. These villages experience high levels of poverty according to the 2010 Bangladesh Poverty Map. We undertook in-depth interviews (n=36) with pregnant and lactating women and conducted focus group discussions (n=2) with their husbands. We used the ProPAN (Process for the Promotion of Child Feeding - a tool to improve infant and young child feeding) methodology to develop a key food list to conduct the food attribute exercise. Data was audio-recorded, transcribed in Bangla, and translated into English. The transcripts were manually coded and analyzed using the inductive thematic approach.

Results

We found that: (i) animal-source foods and fruits were the least consumed in the women’s diet resulting in low dietary diversity; (ii) Consumption of diversified foods was influenced by access to food at home, while accessibility depended on affordability and availability in the local market or homestead gardens; and (iii) even though food was available and accessible at the household level, individual food choice and consumption were subject to personal preference, cultural norms and lack of knowledge about nutritious foods and subsequent health benefits during pregnancy and lactation.

Conclusions

The findings will assist in planning appropriate interventions to improve dietary diversity of pregnant and lactating women. Insights from this study will be useful for designing appropriate nutrition behaviour change communication in Bangladesh and other low-resource settings.
PENERAPAN METODE KARYAWISATA PADA PEMBELAJARAN MUHADATSAH (STUDI PADA SISWA KELAS VII MTS. MUHAMMADIYAH 06 BANYUTENGAH PANCENG- GRESIK)
Authors: Rohmi Afniyatul Mahsusiyah , Ladamay Ode Moh Man Arfa , Muyasaroh Muyasaroh
Published: April 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan metode karyawisata pada pembelajaran muhadatsah pada kelas VII MTs. Muhammadiyah 06 Banyutengah Panceng Gresik, terutama dalam kelancaran berbicara dan penguasaan dalam berbahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi terhadap siswa kelas VII MTs. Muhammadiyah 06 Banyutengah. Kemudian data tersebut dianalisis secara deskriptif yaitu dengan menggambarkan hasil temuan. Muhadatsah adalah keterampilan menyampaikan pesan dalam bahasa Arab secara lisan. Penelitian dengan menggunakan metode karyawisata pada pembelajaran muhadatsah pada siswa kelas VII MTs. Muhammadiyah Banyutengah Panceng Gresik telah berlangsung dengan baik, karena pembelajaran yang dilakukan di luar kelas membuat siswa lebih senang dan mendapatkan kosa kata baru. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa siswa kelas VII MTs. Muhammadiyah 06 Banyutengah Panceng Gresik memiliki dua jenis kemampuan, kemampuan yang pertama adalah siswa-siswa yang hanya mampu berbicara bahasa Arab secara lancar tanpa menggunakan tata bahasa yang benar, sedangkan kemampuan yang kedua dimiliki oleh siswa-siswa yang mampu berbicara dengan lancar serta menggunakan aturan tata bahasa yang benar.
Covid-19: acquired acute porphyria hypothesis
Authors: Abrahams Lianne
Published: April 2020

Pandemic Covid-19 pneumonia, of SARS-CoV-2 aetiology, presents an existential threat to health care systems globally. Multiple therapeutic and prophylactic agents are currently undergoing clinical trial, including 23 clinical trials of (hydroxy)chloroquine in China. While progress towards a curative agent or vaccine is promising, the principal limiting factor in public health emergency is time, and therefore a pre-existing licensed therapeutic would offer reprieve to health care systems operating at the edge of capacity. In this brief communication, the author argues that Covid-19 has high probability of being more than a disease of pneumonia, and that critical Covid-19 patients may be experiencing a form of acquired acute porphyria. Readily available interventions exist to treat acute porphyria and the position is advanced that urinalysis of critical Covid-19 patients would diagnose this pathology.
The active-site engineered “inactive hrsACE2” could be considered as a safer therapeutic agent in the treatment of COVID-19: An Opinion
Authors: Khodarahmi Reza , Jalali Amir , Sobhani Mahsa
Published: April 2020

We read with great interest the inspiring paper by Monteil et al. [Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.004]. Their paper aimed to prove that human recombinant soluble ACE2 (hrsACE2) reduces SARS-CoV-2 recovery, in vitro, and also shows that SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect engineered human blood vessel/kidney organoids, which can be inhibited by this enzyme. The respectful authors expressed that hrsACE2 can block early entry of SARS-CoV-2 infections in various host cells, especially alveolar epithelial type II cells, as a viral reservoir and stated that they cannot make any predictions with respect to the effect of the recombinant protein on the later stages of COVID-19 and, also, honestly mentioned the study limitations. They also stated further (in vitro, pre-clinical and clinical) studies are needed to address the effect of hrsACE2 at later stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the critical situation, these days, where hundreds of thousands of world population are diagnosed as COVID-19 confirmed cases and tens of thousands have lost their lives so far, and on the other hand, since we do not have the facilities to achieve our opinion in the laboratory; we share this opinion with you; dear editor, respectful authors of the above article and all my colleagues around the world.
Social Media, Web, and Panel Surveys: Using Non- Probability Samples in Social and Policy Research
Authors: Lehdonvirta Vili , Oksanen Atte , Räsänen Pekka , Blank Grant
Published: April 2020

The use of online surveys has grown rapidly in social science and policy research, surpassing more established methods. We argue that a better understanding is needed, especially of the strengths and weaknesses of non-probability online surveys that can be conducted relatively quickly and cheaply. We describe two common approaches to non-probability online surveys – river and panel sampling – and theorize their inherent selection biases: topical self-selection and economic self-selection. We conduct an empirical comparison of two river samples (Facebook and web-based) and one panel sample (from a major survey research company) with benchmark data grounded in a comprehensive population registry. We examine (1) how closely the online samples correspond with the benchmark, and (2) their usefulness in studying a non-demographic subpopulation. The river samples diverge from the benchmark on demographic variables and yield much higher means on non-demographic variables, even after weighting; we attribute this to topical self-selection. The panel is closer to the benchmark. When examining the characteristics of a non-demographic subpopulation, we detect no differences between the river and panel samples. We conclude that non-probability online surveys don’t replace probability surveys, but augment the researcher’s toolkit with new digital practices, such as exploratory studies of small and emerging non-demographic subpopulations.
The limits of unconscious semantic processing
Authors: Nadalini Andrea , Bottini Roberto , Casasanto Daniel , Crepaldi Davide
Published: April 2020

Do supraliminal and subliminal priming capture different facets of words’ semantic representations? We used metaphorical priming between space and time as a test bed for this question. While people conceptualize time along the lateral and sagittal axes, only the latter mapping comes up in language (the future is in front of you, not to your right). We assessed facilitation on temporal target words by lateral (left, right) and sagittal (back, front) primes, in masked and overt conditions. Supraliminally, we observe similar sagittal and lateral priming, while the masked effect is stronger on the sagittal axis, and weak to non–existent on the lateral one. These results are observed in an original and a replication studies; and are strongly confirmed by a Bayesian meta–analysis of the two. We conclude that unconscious word processing is limited to linguistically–encoded information, while consciousness may be needed to fully activate semantic representations.
Effects of boric acid addition and sintering temperature on the thermal conductivity of perlitebased insulation materials
Authors: Palaci Yuksel
Published: April 2020

In this study, the variation of thermal conductivity and density of 15 wt.-% boric acid - 85 wt.-% sepiolite, 30 wt.-% boric acid - 30 wt.-% sepiolite - 40 wt.-% perlite, 30 wt.-% boric acid - 30 wt.-% cordierite - 40 wt.-% perlite and 30 wt.-% boric acid - 30 wt.-% alumina - 40 wt.-% perlite compositions at 700 °C and 900 °C sintering temperatures were investigated. The results show that increasing the amount of boric acid and decreasing the sintering temperature lead to an improvement in thermal insulation properties. There is a direct relation between the thermal conductivity and density of the specimens. Both physical properties change with a change in the sintering temperature and the composition characteristics. Minimum thermal conductivity has been observed in a specimen consisting of 30 wt.-% boric acid - 30 wt.-% alumina - 40 wt.-% perlite.
Influence of various structural micro-defects on the fracture of cyclically stressed components revisited
Authors: Myronova Olga
Published: April 2020

Fatigue strength of cyclically stressed components can be affected by various sub-microdefects such as dislocations, vacancy and micropores. An interaction of dislocations and non-metallic inclusions, the formation of pores and various cracking mechanism have been described.