bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prototipo didáctico de sistema de bombeo de agua con energía solar fotovoltaica
Authors: Reyes Aguilera Edwin Antonio
Published: March 2016

Con el presente estudio se pretende exponer de manera clara y ejemplificada buena parte de la información necesaria para la puesta en marcha y simulación de un sistema de bombeo autónomo con bomba sumergible alimentado por un generador solar fotovoltaico o alimentado con baterías. En el proceso de la investigación se examinaron los datos de manera científica o más específicamente en forma numérica, la investigación se realizó de manera práctica y aplicada, y consistió en, construir un prototipo de bombeo solar fotovoltaico y una parte experimental que se llevó a cabo para la validación del prototipo, utilizando para ello equipos de medición de variables meteorológicas y de medición. Este estudio se plantea a modo de guía para facilitar la enseñanza-aprendizaje en los estudiantes a fin de implementar sistemas que contribuyan a mejorar tanto las condiciones de vida como la formación de la población de los países con menor nivel de desarrollo tecnológico en cuanto a materia de abastecimiento de agua, como el nuestro.
Resumen del conversatorio sobre Geopolítica: Los casos de Medio Oriente y Ucrania con el Dr. Augusto Zamora. Ex embajador de Nicaragua en España
Authors: López Eduardo
Published: March 2016

A inicios de septiembre del año en curso, el Dr. Augusto Zamora, ex-embajador de Nicaragua en España,conversó con docentes y estudiantes de nuestra facultad, sobre temas de carácter  internacional y que hoy están siendo focos de tensión. Se refirió a la compleja problemática que hoy vive el Medio Oriente y las diferentes posiciones políticas, religiosas, económicas y étnicas, donde cada país de la zona, defiende sus intereses que se remonta siglos atrás, también se refirió a los casos de Crimea y Ucrania, a los países emergentes, América Latina y desde luego a Estados Unidos como potencia generadora de conflictos en el mundo. Hizo alusión a la geografía, como disciplina de enorme importancia en la actualidad, señalando a propósito de lo geográfico, que el continente americano, tenía una situación muy particular dado que era el más aislado del mundo y que eso tenía sus consecuencias en la realidad geopolítica actual.
Para muestra un botón: ejemplos de animación sociocultural
Authors: Farrach Graciela
Published: March 2016

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir dos ejemplos de animación socio-cultural; uno en el entorno municipal y otro a nivel nacional. Para ejemplificar mejor, consideramos importante definir, a grandes rasgos, qué es la animación sociocultural.
Introduction: Anna M. Cienciala (1929–2014)
Authors: Pease Neal
Published: March 2016

When Anna M. Cienciala, professor emerita of history at the University of Kansas, died unexpectedly in December 2014, the loss was respectfully acknowledged in an obituary notice in The Polish Review (vol. 60, no. 1, 2015), as befit her stature in the field of Polish and eastern European history. But the suggestion quickly emerged that the passing of someone so prominent in the history of the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America and its journal called for something more, so I invited a number of scholars and acquaintances to offer contributions to an issue of the Review that would be largely dedicated to a tribute to her career. The response was more than generous. In fact, word got around, and we received additional submissions, unsolicited but fully welcome and worthy of inclusion, motivated by spontaneous respect for the accomplished historian and mentor being honored. The result is the following section, the collaboration of ten colleagues, friends, beneficiaries, and admirers of Professor Cienciala.
Anna M. Cienciala’s Cooperation with the Literary Institute in Maisons-Laffitte in Light of the Correspondence with Jerzy Giedroyc
Authors: Stobiecki Rafał
Published: March 2016

This article examines the relationship of Anna Cienciala with the influential publications of the Literary Institute in Maisons- Laffitte, France, as reflected in her correspondence with the publications’ editor, Jerzy Giedroyc. Their exchanges spanned a quarter century. Although the collaboration between Cienciala and Giedroyc was not as extensive as that between the institute and other Polish scholars living abroad and was not without tension in some respects, both historian and editor demonstrated great mutual personal and professional respect for each other.
Gdańsk, Story of a City When Diplomatic History and Personal Narrative Intersect
Authors: Clark Elizabeth Morrow
Published: March 2016

This article relates the contributions of Professor Anna M. Cienciala to the study of Polish diplomatic history, her influence on the discipline, and the relationship between her personal narrative and her professional career. It focuses on the theses of her books Poland and the Western Powers and Keys to Polish Foreign Policy as well as articles, chapters, and document collections she produced over her career, as related to the history of her birth city, Danzig/Gdańsk. The article considers Professor Cienciala’s long career as a teacher and her dedication to improving the political and scholarly understanding of the Second Republic. Professor Cienciala was greatly respected in American, British, and Polish circles, and her influence can be traced in foundational attitudes toward early twentieth- century Poland in the work of such diverse scholars as Jan Karski, Roger Moorhouse, and Marek Kornat. Her dedication to teaching about Poland extended past her retirement and lives on in lessons and lectures she compiled for distribution online in the early years of the Internet. Finally, the author fondly remembers Professor Cienciala’s own tales of her life in Danzig/Gdańsk and how her search for meaning in the experiences of her own past has left a profound legacy of scholarship and understanding for Polish studies.
Nuclear Properties of vg9/2+ Isomers in Odd 59Cr to 69Se Nuclei for N=35
Authors: Hossain I. , Wagiran H. , Ghani N.N.A.M.A. , Mansour S. A. , Salam A.
Published: March 2016

We have reported the systematic magnetic quadrupole reduced transition probabilities B (M2) between 9/2+ and 5/2- in odd 59Cr to 69Se nuclei for neutron N=35. At present work the calculated B(M2) values are 0.079 W.U., 0.067 W.U., 0.230 W.U., 0.412 W.U., 0.060 W.U., and 0.044 W.U. for 59Cr, 61Fe, 63Ni, 65Zn, 67Ge, and 69Se nuclei respectively. The theoretical calculations of the reduced transition probabilities were compared to the previous experimental values. The width of isomeric levels, mean-life and Weisskopf hindrance factors in the odd 59Cr to 69Se nuclei were also calculated. The isomeric levels 9/2+ were systematically studied as a function of even atomic number from 24 to 34. It is shown that the isomeric levels are increases from Z= 24 to Z= 28 and then decreases monotonically up to Z= 34.
Assessment Scales, Associated Factors and the Quality of Life Score in Pregnant Women in Iran
Authors: Kazemi Farideh , Nahidi Fatemeh , Kariman Nourossadat
Published: March 2016

Women experience physical, chemical, endocrine gland and organ changes during pregnancy that limit their activities and reduce their quality of life. The present study was conducted to investigate the quality of life in pregnant women in Iran, the assessment scales used to measure this variable and the factors associated with it.

The present study searched databases including Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, SID, Iranmedex, Mahiran, IranDoc and Google Scholar using keywords such as pregnant women, Iran, quality of life, pregnancy and prenatal and their Persian equivalents to find relevant articles conducted in Iran and ultimately found 20 articles to review without any regard for their time, language and publication site.

Studies conducted in Iran to assess the quality of life in pregnant women have used four tools, including the SF-36, the WHOQOL-BRIEF, the SF-12 and the Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy-Specific Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire. The mean quality of life score obtained using these different tools varied from 61.18±13.21 to 66.48±15.57. Social support, socioeconomic status, the pregnancy being wanted, satisfaction with life and sexual function were related directly to the quality of life, while prenatal mental disorders, the severity of pregnancy nausea and vomiting and sleep disorders were related inversely to it.

Given the lack of a specific tool designed to assess the quality of life in pregnant women, general tools were used for its assessment. Further studies are thus required to design a specific localized tool and to also assess the relationship between the quality of life and its associated factors.
The Risk Factors of Premature Myocardial Infarction: A Case Control Study in Iran
Authors: Ehtesham Mehdi , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Tabatabaei Seyed Vahid Ahmadi , Bakhshandeh Hooman
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Although, our knowledge about the factors of cardio vascular diseases (CVD) is relatively acceptable, we have few publications about the risk factors of premature CVD particularly from developing countries such as Iran.

OBJECTIVES: The present study is aimed to assess the risk of the modifiable risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the first cardiac attack of patients classified by age to check which risk factors might have a more significant impact to increase the risk of premature myocardial infarction (MI).

METHODS: In a case control study, 122 and 266 cases and controls were recruited from one of the main referral centres in Tehran. Cases were those who were hospitalized because of their first myocardial infarction before the ages of 50 and 55 years in males and females respectively, and compared their risk factor profiles with those experienced first MI in higher age. Main independent variables in this study were: the demographic variables, distress, lipid profile, diabetes, smoking, family history of cardio vascular diseases, and physical activity.

RESULTS: The results showed that distress (OR= 3.95), minorities (compare to Fars race) (OR= 3.30), higher education (OR= 1.30), family history of hyperlipidaemia (OR=1.89) significantly increased the risk of premature MI. We also found that family history of hypertension (OR=1.35), current smoking versus no smoking (OR=1.60), fast-food consumption (OR=1.48), non-alcoholic beverages (OR= 1.12) had also association with the risk of premature MI but only in crude model. We also found that regular physical activity (OR=0.42), ex-smoker versus current smoking (OR=0.27) and regular consumption of milk (OR=0.73) was protective against premature MI.

CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that the effect of most of risk factors were mostly related to their life-style (distress, smoking, physical inactivity and dietary pattern); while family history of diseases was also important.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) as a Risk Factor of Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Izadi Babak , Rostami-Far Zahra , Jalilian Nasrin , Khazaei Sedigheh , Amiri Amir , Madani Seyed Hamid , Rostami-Far Mozhgan
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common medical complication of pregnancy. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of UTI in preeclamptic pregnancies and its association with severity of this disease.

METHODS: This cohort study was performed on 71 women with mild preeclampsia (PE), 70 women with severe PE, and 98 healthy pregnant women from October 2012 to April 2014 in the west of Iran. Mean diastolic pressure and level of proteinuria were used as indicators of disease severity. The main criteria for diagnosis of UTI was microbial count of higher than 104 cfu/ml.

RESULTS: The prevalence of the UTI in severe PE patients was significantly higher than mild PE patients and non-hypertensive pregnants. 12 out of 70 women with severe PE (17.1%) and 7 out of 98 controls (7.1%) had UTI (P<0.05), also 8 out of 71 women with mild PE (11.3%) had UTI (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Our data shows a significant increase in UTI in severe PE pregnancy. Thus, we can consider UTI as one of the risk factors for developing severe PE; so by screening UTI in the first visit of the pregnant women and repeating it at the second and third trimester of pregnancy we could decrease adverse effects of UTI such as severe PE in pregnant women.
Relationship between Outpatients’ Visit Time and Physicians’ Prescription Quality in Teaching Hospitals of Ahvaz: 2015
Authors: Faraji Khiavi Farzad , Qolipour Mohammad , Afshar Farouji Davoud , Mirr Iman
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Examination time is a key factor determining the relative value of clinical physicians’ examination and care quality. Whereas commitment ‎to standard prescription principles by physicians increases the likelihood of proper treatment, its effectiveness and patients’ improvement. This study aimed to determine the relationship between outpatients’ examination time and physicians prescribing quality in teaching hospitals of Ahvaz.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 550 outpatients who visited teaching hospitals of Ahvaz in 2015. The quality of the prescriptions was assessed by WHO checklist. Each prescription was scored with a score range from 0 to 21, they were divided into four equal score categories including low (0–5.25), low intermediate (5.26–10.5), high intermediate (10.5–15.75) and good (15.76–21) and using correlation and regression was analyzed.

RESULTS: The total mean of examination time and commitment to prescription principles was 4.88±0.12 min and 15.92±1.14, respectively. Correlation coefficients between outpatients’ examination time and dimensions of “legibility”, “pharmaceutical form” and “medical orders”, and the total quality of prescription were significant (p˂0.005). The relationship between examination time and prescription quality confirmed with the fitting linear regression model. Increase per minute in patient’s examination by a physician, which is about 0.33 points, was added to the basic quality scores of prescription.

CONCLUSION: There was a relationship between Examination time and dimensions of legibility, pharmaceutical form, and medical order. Considering commitment ‎to standard prescription principles, examination time, which was declared by the Health Sector Evolution Guideline, improve physicians’ prescription quality and quality of provided services of hospitals. Therefore, providing an internet schedule for examination will be extremely helpful in organizing physicians’ examination.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 8, No. 3
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: March 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science,
Vol. 8, No. 3, 2016.
A New Method of Estimating Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate in Developing Countries
Authors: Wu Renhong
Published: March 2016

How to assess the misalignments of real exchange rate in developing countries has been a difficult and unresolved issue. Over the decades, researchers have not found desirable methods to estimate the “Equilibrium Exchange Rate”. The Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) approach has limitations, and the fixed or managed floating exchange rate regimes in developing countries make the estimating more difficult. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the limitations of the Macroeconomic Balance approach and the existing PPP approach for estimating equilibrium exchange rate in developing countries, and introduce a new method–the Adjusted PPP method to assess exchange rate in developing countries. The new method includes the Human Development Index (HDI) to adjust the traditional PPP estimates. By introducing the adjustments of HDI, the big quality differences in non-tradable goods and services between developed and developing countries are adjusted for the exchange rate estimates. Also, as a case study, the paper estimated the exchange rate in China of 1991-2013.
Financial Deepening and Domestic Investment in Nigeria
Authors: Obafemi Frances N. , Oburota Chukwuedo S. , Amoke Chukwunonso V.
Published: March 2016

The study examined the relationship between financial deepening and investment in Nigeria. Secondary data spanning from 1970 to 2013 was used for the empirical analysis. It adopted the Gregor-Hansen Endogenous structural break methodology and the supply-leading hypothesis in building the model. The study also employed the Unit Root Test, Co Integration Test and Granger Causality Test. It discovered a unidirectional causality, running from financial deepening to investment. It also found that the financial deepening has a statistically significant impact on domestic investment. Based on these empirical findings, the study recommended increased integration of the credit and thrift societies, cooperatives, rural saving organization etc into the mainstream formal financial sector in order to shore up the mobilization of savings for investment. It also recommended subsidizing the operational cost of financial intermediation so as to narrow the gap in interest rate spread. These steps when judiciously executed will ultimately promote financial deepening by easing the rigidities involved in mobilizing and accessing of credit for investment purpose.
An Empirical Research on the Structure of Public Expenditure and Economic Growth—Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Zi Li
Published: March 2016

This paper takes the relationship between public expenditure structure and economic growth as the object of study. By using evidence from China, it analyzes how the Chinese Government should promote economic growth by the optimization of public expenditure structure when facing with a decline in the growth of fiscal revenue. The main conclusions of the paper are as follows: The impact of public expenditure structure on economic growth not only depends on the output elasticity of the item of expenditure, but also on its initial share. When the initial share is oversized, it will make an item of expenditure which appears to be productive become non-productive. For China, the proportions of economic construction expenditure and administrative expenditure have a significant negative effect on long-term economic growth; the social expenditure on culture and education has a significant positive effect on long-term economic growth.
De zorgplicht van de franchisegever: bijzonder of niet?
Authors: Schwegler A.M.A.
Published: March 2016

De zorgplicht van de franchisegever: bijzonder of niet?

Op 17 februari jl. werd na een moeizame periode van consultatie de Nederlandse Franchise Code geïntroduceerd. In ‘De zorgplicht van de franchisegever: bijzonder of niet?’ bespreekt Angela Schwegler de precontractuele zorgplicht van de franchisegever die een exploitatieprognose aan een potentiële franchisenemer verstrekt. De positie van de franchisenemer en met name zijn eigen verantwoordelijkheid, dient bij een eventuele wettelijke verankering van de Nederlandse Franchise Code en de rol die deze code zal gaan spelen in de rechtspraak, aldus de auteur, niet uit het oog verloren te worden. Want, zo concludeert zij, “de zorgplicht van de franchisegever, die is zo bijzonder niet”.
Indagación en el conocimiento conceptual del simbolismo algebraico de estudiantes de secundaria mediante la invención de problemas
Authors: Fernández Millán Elena , Molina Marta
Published: March 2016

A través de la actividad de invención de problemas, indagamos en el conocimiento conceptual del simbolismo algebraico que adquieren los estudiantes en la educación secundaria obligatoria. Concretamente, se identifican las características de ecuaciones y sistemas que dificultan a los estudiantes la tarea de inventar un problema; entre ellas: la inclusión de más de una incógnita y la presencia de la misma incógnita a ambos lados del signo igual, de coeficientes superiores a dos y de operaciones multiplicativas entre incógnitas. También se analizan los significados que dan a las incógnitas y operaciones contenidas en las expresiones, donde se detecta una mayor facilidad para dar significado a la estructura aditiva que a la multiplicativa.
Concepciones y modelos del profesorado de primaria en formación acerca de la tuberculosis
Authors: Aznar Cuadrado Virginia , Puig Mauriz Blanca
Published: March 2016

Se pretende investigar cómo son las ideas y los modelos de un grupo de profesorado de primaria en formación (N = 124) acerca de una enfermedad infecciosa de gran incidencia en nuestro contexto y que aparece en ocasiones entre los escolares, la tuberculosis. Los objetivos son: 1) investigar las concepciones acerca de la tuberculosis de dos grupos de futuros docentes de primaria, uno afectado y otro no afectado por la enfermedad; 2) examinar cómo explican y representan el modelo de infección de la tuberculosis. La metodología es cualitativa y el análisis se centra en dos tareas de la secuencia didáctica, una es de ideas previas y la otra tarea es de modelización. Los resultados muestran diferencias sustanciales entre los afectados y los no afectados por la tuberculosis. El análisis del segundo objetivo indica que dos de los dieciséis modelos se incluyen en el nivel más alto de progresión en la modelización. La mayoría tiene dificultades en ideas clave como la identificación de la vía de contagio, en la localización de la infección y en el establecimiento de conexiones adecuadas entre elementos involucrados en la respuesta inmune.
Caracterización de modelos de digestión humana a partir de sus representaciones y análisis de su evolución en un grupo de docentes y auxiliares académicos
Authors: Bahamonde Nora , Gómez Galindo Alma Adrianna
Published: March 2016

Se caracterizan las representaciones (dibujos y maquetas) de los modelos iniciales sobre la digestión humana de un grupo de profesoras, así como su evolución al finalizar un taller de capacitación. El análisis se realiza en dos niveles: descriptivo e interpretativo. En el interpretativo se generan cuatro ideas clave: continuidad, interacción, transformación e integración, que permiten la identificación de cuatro modelos iniciales y uno final. De los iniciales, el IV resulta completo únicamente para la idea de continuidad. El modelo de arribo resulta completo para las ideas de continuidad e interacción y presenta cambios parciales para la idea de transformación y ausencia de la idea de integración. Se discute la influencia del tipo de soporte semiótico, así como la utilidad de las cuatro ideas planteadas para el análisis de representaciones y el desarrollo de intervenciones didácticas sobre el modelo de digestión humana.
Pharmacokinetics of Continuous Infusion Meropenem With Concurrent Extracorporeal Life Support and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Cies Jeffrey J. , Moore Wayne S. , Conley Susan B. , Dickerman Mindy J. , Small Christine , Carella Dominick , Shea Paul , Parker Jason , Chopra Arun
Published: March 2016

Pharmacokinetic parameters can be significantly altered for both extracorporeal life support (ECLS) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). This case report describes the pharmacokinetics of continuous-infusion meropenem in a patient on ECLS with concurrent CRRT. A 2.8-kg, 10-day-old, full-term neonate born via spontaneous vaginal delivery presented with hypothermia, lethargy, and a ~500-g weight loss from birth. She progressed to respiratory failure on hospital day 2 (HD 2) and developed sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and liver failure as a result of disseminated adenoviral infection. By HD 6, acute kidney injury was evident, with progressive fluid overload >1500 mL (+) for the admission. On HD 6 venoarterial ECLS was instituted for lung protection and fluid removal. On HD 7 she was initiated on CRRT. On HD 12, a blood culture returned positive and subsequently grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for meropenem of 0.25 mg/L. She was started on vancomycin, meropenem, and amikacin. A meropenem bolus of 40 mg/kg was given, followed by a continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg/hr (240 mg/kg/day). On HD 15 (ECLS day 9) a meropenem serum concentration of 21 mcg/mL was obtained, corresponding to a clearance of 7.9 mL/kg/min. Repeat cultures from HDs 13 to 15 (ECLS days 7–9) were sterile. This meropenem regimen was successful in providing a target attainment of 100% for serum concentrations above the MIC for ≥40% of the dosing interval and was associated with a sterilization of blood in this complex patient on concurrent ECLS and CRRT circuits.
Diclofenac Sodium Inhibits Hepatic Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase but Augments Brain Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activities in Rats
Authors: Shazia Dawood  , Elvis O. Wambiya  , Samina Bano
Published: March 2016

Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) exist only in liver while indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) exists ubiquitously in the body, these are the most rate-limiting enzymes of kynurenine pathway (KP). In response to elevated levels of cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines, both enzymes show increase activity in patients with depression or Alzheimer disease (AD). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may protect against both depression and AD, but observational studies have offered contradictory results. Present study evaluates the effects of anti-inflammatory diclofenac sodium (DS) on rat hepatic TDO and brain IDO activities. Adult Albino Wistar rats were divided into control and test groups, each test group received DS (2mg/kg) i.p. injection daily and were killed either after 3.5 hours (acute treatment) or after 3, 5 and 7 days (chronic treatment) while control groups received an equal volume of vehicle. Results show that TDO enzyme activity was inhibited and liver tryptophan concentrations were increased after 3 to 7 days treatment of DS; however no effect was seen on these parameters after 3.5hrs. Brain IDO activity was increased after both acute and chronic DS treatment. It is concluded that DS inhibits hepatic TDO enzyme activity following chronic treatment, while augments brain IDO activity following both acute and chronic DS treatment, this may result in rise in cerebral kynurenic acid and/or quinolinic acid concentrations. Therefore there is a need that effects of DS on kynurenine pathway should be further investigated to rule out the protective effect of DS in inflammation-induced depression and Alzheimer disease.
EL MIEDO A LA VIDA: SOCIEDADES HIPERMEDICALIZADAS
Authors: Pérez Oliva Milagros
Published: March 2016

Sabemos que cuanto más avanzada es una sociedad en términos de desarrollo socioeconómico, mayor es la frecuentación sanitaria: vamos más al médico y consumimos más medicamentos. Pero hay algunos indicadores que apuntan a que una parte de esa demanda no está justificada por entidades patológicas reales. El alto consumo de antidepresivos y ansiolíticos es uno de esos indicadores. Ante esta evidencia cabe preguntarse: ¿Estamos realmente más enfermos? ¿Nos creemos enfermos? ¿O es que consumimos salud? La respuesta podría ser: las tres cosas a la vez. Y por tres razones: los cambios que se están produciendo en el modelo socioeconómico dominante nos hace más vulnerables; tenemos miedo y lo combatimos como podemos, y alguien promueve y se aprovecha de ese miedo y esa vulnerabilidad en beneficio propio.
Tobacco and health: The changing role of the media
Authors: Fernández Esteve
Published: March 2016

From the mid twentieth century, several studies showed that cigarette-smoking was related to the increase in the incidence of lung cancer. After their publication the tobacco industry felt threatened and used the media to counteract the effects these studies had on the population. From this perspective, the present article reviews the role of the media in the dissemination of tobacco-related information and the evolution in tobacco control policies that the approach has caused.
Threshold-voltage instability in 4H-SiC MOSFETs with nitrided gate oxide revealed by non-relaxation method
Authors: Sometani Mitsuru , Okamoto Dai , Harada Shinsuke , Ishimori Hitoshi , Takasu Shinji , Hatakeyama Tetsuo , Takei Manabu , Yonezawa Yoshiyuki , Fukuda Kenji , Okumura Hajime
Published: March 2016

The threshold-voltage (V
th) shift of 4H-SiC MOSFETs with Ar or N2O post-oxidation annealing (POA) was measured by conventional sweep and non-relaxation methods. Although the V
th shift values of both samples were almost identical when measured by the sweep method, those for the Ar POA samples were larger than those for the N2O POA samples when measured by the non-relaxation method. Thus, we can say that investigating the exact V
th shifts using only the conventional sweep method is difficult. The temperature-dependent analysis of the V
th shifts measured by both methods revealed that the N2O POA decreases charge trapping in the near-interface region of the SiO2.
Investigation of 4H-SiC insulated-gate bipolar transistor turn-off performance for achieving low power loss
Authors: Navarro Dondee , Pesic Iliya , Morikawa Yoji , Furui Yoshiharu , Miura-Mattausch Mitiko
Published: March 2016

The dynamic characteristics of a 4H-SiC insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) at pulse switching is investigated by incorporating reported measurements of the interface defect density to device simulation. Different trap features such as energy states and trap time constants are investigated to determine the influence of traps on circuit performance. The capture cross-section parameter used in the simulation depicts the probability of traps to trap/detrap carriers which relates to the carrier trap time constant. It is demonstrated that trapped carriers from the on-state condition cause enhanced generation current during the off-state condition, which give rise to undesired leakage current in addition to the threshold voltage shift previously reported. The device power dissipation is increased by a factor of 100 due to the defects.
Kitab-ı Melheme'de Dudak Uyumu /
Labial Harmony in Kitab al-Malhama
Authors: KARA Nimet
Published: March 2016

Öz Dudak uyumu; kelimenin ilk hecesinde düz bir ünlü varsa sonraki hecelerde de düz, yuvarlak ünlü varsa sonraki hecelerde dar-yuvarlak veya düz-geniş ünlülerin bulunmasıdır. Türkçenin dönemleri ve diğer sahalarında dudak uyumu bir kurallaşma eğilimi göstermemiştir. Eski Türkçe döneminde istisnalar dışında genel bir dudak uyumu söz konusu olmasına rağmen Eski Oğuz Türkçesi döneminde bu uyum bozulmuş hatta neredeyse yok olmuştur. Bu dönemde bazı ekler sürekli düz, bazı ekler ise sürekli yuvarlaktır. Eski Oğuz Türkçesinden sonra Osmanlı Türkçesinin büyük bir kısmında da tam olarak bir uyum söz konusu değildir. Dudak uyumunun bir sisteme oturması 18. yüzyılda, Eski Oğuz Türkçesinden Türkiye Türkçesine geçiş evresinde yani Orta Osmanlı Türkçesi döneminin son zamanlarında olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, XVI. yüzyılda yazılmış olan Kitâb-ı Melheme adlı eser, dudak uyumu açısından değerlendirilecektir. Çoğunlukla Eski Oğuz Türkçesi dönemini yansıtan bu metin, özellikle dudak uyumu açısından Eski Oğuz Türkçesinden farklı bir yapı gösterir. Bu farklılık da uyuma geçişi yansıtan kelime tabanları ve eklerde görülür. Kelime tabanları ve ekler, yuvarlaklaşma ve düzleşme olayları çerçevesinde incelenecek, kelime tabanlarının ve eklerin Eski Oğuz Türkçesindeki durumları göz önünde bulundurularak metindeki şekilleri değerlendirecek ve böylece bu dönemde dudak uyumunun gelişimi konusunda bir sonuca ulaşılacaktır. Abstract Labial Harmony occurs when an unrounded vowel in the first syllable is followed by unrounded vowels or when a rounded vowel in the first syllable is followed by narrow rounded or unrounded wide vowels. Labial Harmony doesn’t have the tendency of levelling in the periods of Turkish language and its other areas. Although there was general labial harmony apart from exceptions in the old Turkish period, this harmony was destroyed and it was nearly disappeared in old Oghuz Turkish. In this period, some affixations were permanently unrounded or some of them were permanently rounded. After The Oghuz Turkish period, there was no complete labial harmony in most part of The Ottoman Turkish. Labial Harmony was enabled systematically in the period of passing from Oghuz Turkish to Turkey Turkish, that is, in the late Ottoman Turkish. In this study, Kitab al-Malhama, written in the 16th century, will be assessed in terms of labial harmony. This text reflecting Oghuz Turkish period is different from The Old Oghuz Turkish especially in terms of labial harmony. This difference is seen in the word bases which reflects passing harmony and affixes. Word base and affixes will be studied within the frame of labialization and delabialization. Taking into consideration the situation of word bases and affixes in The Old Oghuz Turkish, their images in the text will be assessed so that a conclusion about the development of labial harmony in this period will be presented.
Paphlagonia Hadrianoupolis’i /
Paphlagonian Hadrianoupolis
Authors: Kılavuz Bülent Nuri , ÇELİKBAŞ Ersin
Published: March 2016

Öz Paphlagonia Hadrianoupolis’i olarak adlandırılan antik kent bugün Karabük ili, Eskipazar ilçe merkezinin 3 km batısında Viranşehir olarak adlandırılan mevkii ve çevresindeki arazi üzerinde dağınık bir şekilde konumlanan Budaklar, Büyükyaylalar, Çaylı ve Beytarla köylerini kapsamaktadır. Antik kente ait kalıntılar günümüzde Budaklar Köyü ve Hacı Ahmetler Mahallesi’nde yoğunlaşmaktadır. Hadrianoupolis antik kenti, Paphlagonia, Bithynia ve Galatia bölgeleri sınırında yer alan bir Güney Paphlagonia kenti olduğu söylenebilir. Karabük ili ve çevresi erken dönemlerden beri iskân görmüş olup; bölgede Hellenistik dönem ile ilgili kalıntılar Eflani ve çevresinde yoğunlaşırken, Roma’nın bölgede kurduğu en önemli yerleşimlerin Hadrianoupolis olduğu görülmektedir. Hadrianoupolis antik kentinde 2003 yılından günümüze kadar yapılan yüzey araştırmaları ve kazı çalışmaları, Hadrianoupolis’in diğer Paphlagonia yerleşimlerinde olduğu gibi bir merkez bölgeye ve bu bölge çevresinde genişleyen bir yayılım alanına sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Hadrianoupolis antik kentinde 5 yapının kazısı tamamlanmıştır. Abstract Today, the place known as Paphlagonia Hadrianoupolis is 3 km west of the area called Viranşehir in Eskipazar district, Karabük province, and it is scattered over the villages of Budaklar, Büyükyaylalar, Çaylı and Beytarla. The remains of the ancient city today are mostly in Hacı Ahmetler district, Budaklar village. It lies basically in Roman Southwestern Paphlagonia and on the borderline of the Galatian, Bithynian and Paplagonian territories. Hadrianoupolis is most important city in Paphlagonia region at Roman period while Hellenic settlements focused in Eflani and its round. Parts of the city are widely distributed in the area and they are far from each other. As a result of the conservation excavations of Ereğli Museum in 2003, sites like Chruch B, and in the scientific excavations in 2006-2008, Church A, Bath A, Bath B and Late Roman Mansion were detected.
Socio-Economic Status, Job Satisfaction and Sector Visions of the Steelworkers: Karabuk Case Study
Authors: YILMAZ Sinan , Yücer Hür Mahmut , Fidan Yahya
Published: March 2016

Abstract There are many studies focusing on Karabuk province, which is one of the most important iron-steel manufacturing centers in Turkey, and the developing iron-steel sector in this province. This iron-steel sector and Karabuk as a whole have undergone many transformations due to the following factors: the privatization of the national iron-steel factory, Kardemir; the foundation of Karabuk University; and the implementation of training programs for steelworkers and an Iron and Steel Institute for students by Karabuk University. These factors suggest that the changes in Karabuk province are ongoing ones that will have a rapid and favorable effect on the society. To follow this change, it is necessary to have periodic studies of the iron-steel sector in Karabuk. This study empirically examines on such variables as socio-economic status, job satisfaction, and sector visions of the steelworkers.
Diasporada Unutulan Bir Topluluk: Kırgızistan/Oş’ta Yaşayan Karadenizli Türkler /
A Forgotton Community in Diaspora: The Black Sea Turks in Osh, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Sağır Adem
Published: March 2016

Öz Bu çalışma, 1944 yılında Sovyet Rusya tarafından, Batum’dan Kırgızistan kırsallarına sürülen Karadenizli Türklerin sosyo-kültürel yapısını analiz etme amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Karadenizli Türklerin seçilmesindeki temel sebep, yaşadıkları coğrafyada 65 yıl geçmesine rağmen horondan mıhlamaya, misafir ağırlamadan türkülere kadar kültürlerini yaşatmaya çalışan bir topluluk olarak araştırılmaya değer olmalarıdır. Karadenizli Türkleri özel kılan bir diğer sebep ise diğer sürgün topluluklardan farklı olarak bir diyaspora oluşturabilecek sayıda ve büyüklükte olmamalarına rağmen diaspora gibi hareket etmeleridir. Ancak yaşlı kuşağın aradan çekilmesiyle birlikte yavaş yavaş kültürlerini kaybetmeye başlamış oldukları da bir gerçektir. Bu çalışma, unutulmuş bir topluluğu ve onların kültürlerini yeniden gündeme getirmesi nedeniyle önem arz etmektedir. Ayrıca, bundan sonra Karadenizli Türklerle ilgili yapılacak olan çalışmalara da kaynak teşkil edecek olması bakımından da dikkate değerdir. Çalışmada nitel ve nicel teknikler uygulanarak sosyal bir yapı analizi amaçlanmıştır. Abstract This work has been prepared for a purpose to make a social structure analysis of Black Sea Turks exiled from Batumi to Kyrgyz countryside by Soviet Russia in 1944. The main concern for choosing the Black Sea Turks is their being a community which is worthy of investigation. In that, we can see that they keep their cultures alive from the horon, entertainments, guests’ rituals to folk songs though they have been living for 65 years far away from their origin region. Another reason making the Black Sea Turks special is that, unlike other exiles, they’re not a diaspora community in that number and size, but they act like diaspora communities. And it should be noted that, they have begun to lose their culture slowly as older generation fades from the scene. Therefore, this study is significant in terms of the concern of creating a zero point and being a source for the studies about Black Sea Turks in the future. In this study, it has been aimed to make a social structure analysis by carrying out qualitative and quantitative techniques.
مسيرة الحضارةِ الإسلاميةِ التركيةِ في الأناضولِ بين الماضي والحاضر
Authors: YÜCER Hür Mahmut
Published: March 2016

Abstract

This study endeavours to ascertain the bibliographical resources which the Anatolian Turks, an important component of Islamic history and civilization, have been nourished. Meanwhile it holds the style of civilization which they have constructed according to the course of these sources. Turks, after embracing Islam had used Persian and then Arabic as language of science. However most of the people who knew Turkish only, had formed their religious feelings through easy and brief texts which are easy to read and understand. In the Seljukids' era the books such as Hamzanamah, Hz. Ali'nin Cenkleri (The Battles of the Caliph Ali) and Battalnamah had been publicly read while in the Ottomans' era the people had read the books such as Mızraklı İlmihal (a book explaning principles of Islam), Ahmadiyah, Muhammadiyah. Great masses of people had composed intellectual and moral values by means of these books. This article strives to analyse how Anatolian people who repeatedly read the said texts over centuries through secondary institutions of culture which built itself. In the study descriptive analyze method is adopted.
Gazzâlî’ye Göre Akıl ve Dinî Bilgi Kaynağı Olarak Aklın Önemi / The Intelect and its Value as a Source of Religious Knowledge According to al-Ghazzali
Authors: Yıldız Mustafa
Published: March 2016

Gazzâlî’ye Göre Akıl ve Dinî Bilgi Kaynağı Olarak Aklın Önemi / The Intelect and its Value as a Source of Religious Knowledge According to al-Ghazzali

Öz

Bu makalede Gazzâlî'nin dinî bilgi kaynağı olarak akla ne ölçüde önem verdiği konusu ele alınmaktadır. Makalede, Gazzâlî’ye göre dinî bilginin elde edilmesinde kelamî akıl (garize) anlayışının yeterli olmadığı ileri sürülmüştür. Gazzâlî bu eksikliği gidermek için kelamcıların akıl anlayışına filozofların akıl anlayışını ve sufilerin kalp anlayışını eklemek suretiyle yeni bir akıl anlayışı geliştirmiştir. Makale, Gazzâlî’nin ortaya koymuş olduğu bu akıl anlayışını detaylı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Makalenin giriş bölümünde dinî bilginin kaynağı ile ilgili olarak kelamcıların, filozofların ve sufilerin görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Makalenin gelişme bölümünde ise Gazzâlî’ye göre akıl ile bilgi arasındaki ilişki ele alınmıştır. Bu bölümde Gazzâlî’nin akıl kelimesine yüklediği farklı anlamlar, mülk ve melekût âlemlerini anlamada aklın rolü ve kalp, ruh, nefis gibi kavramlara yüklediği anlamlar incelenmiştir. Daha sonra bilginin elde edilme yöntemleri ve Gazzâlî’nin bu konudaki değerlendirmelerine yer verilmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde ise Gazzâlî’nin akıl konusundaki düşüncelerinin dinî bilgi ve iman ile nasıl ilişkilendirildiği tartışılmıştır. 

The Intelect and its Value as a Source of Religious Knowledge According to al-Ghazzali

Abstract

This paper deals with how much importance is given to intellect as a source of religious knowledge by al-Ghazzali. The paper suggests that according to al-Ghazzali ghariza, the term which denotes the theologians’ understanding of intellect, is insufficient to acquire religious knowledge. Accordingly, he proposed a new understanding of intellect to overcome this insufficiency by combining it with the rationale soul of philosophers and the Sufis’ understanding of heart. This paper examines this novel understanding of intellect as proposed by al-Ghazzali in detail. In the introduction section, the views of theologians, philosophers and sufis about intellect as a source of religious knowledge are presented. In the development section, relations between the intellect and knowledge are discussed with respect to al-Ghazzali. In this section, Ghazzali’s varying use of the term intellect, its role in the understanding of the world of dominion and the world of sovereignity, and what he means with such terms like heart, soul, and self are examined. Afterwards, the methods of knowledge acquisition and al-Ghazzali’s position in this respect are given. In the conclusion section, it is explored how al-Ghazzali’s opinions about intellect are connected with religious knowledge and faith. 
İlminskiy’nin Projeleri ile Parçalanan Türkistan’da Yeniden Birlik Çalışmaları Üzerine Görüş ve Öneriler / Some Opinions and Suggestions on the Endeavor for Reunion in Turkestan Fallen Apart Because of Ilminsky Projects
Authors: KAPAĞAN Enver
Published: March 2016

İlminskiy’nin Projeleri ile Parçalanan Türkistan’da Yeniden Birlik Çalışmaları Üzerine Görüş ve Öneriler

Öz

Günümüzde Türk topluluklarının yaşamış olduğu İslam Coğrafyasında iç ve dış kaynaklı birçok sorun yaşanmaktadır. Rusların nüfuzu altına giren Türk topraklarında uygulanan politikalar ve özellikle de N. İlminskiy’nin projeleri son yüzyıl içerisinde sorunları daha da derinleştirmiş ve Türk dünyasında bazı irtibat kopuklukları ve bölünmeler meydana getirmiştir. Bu sorunu çözmenin yegâne yolu kendi içlerinden çıkacak bir lider devlettir. Bu da Osmanlı'nın varisi olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti olarak gözükmektedir. Çünkü Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, her şeyden evvel Osmanlı'nın bıraktığı miras ve kendi köklü geçmişi ile en tecrübeli Türk devleti konumdadır. Bunun yanında Türkiye, ekonomik ve stratejik olarak hem Doğu hem de Batı ile yakın ilişkiler içerisinde olmasından dolayı avantajlıdır. Fakat buna vesile olacak bir güce ulaşması için öncelikle Türk Dünya'sı ile kuvvetli bağlar kurup ilişkilerini geliştirmelidir. Bunun için ise Türk Dünya'sı ile atması gereken karşılıklı adımlar vardır. Bu aynı zamanda tarihi bir sorumluluktur. Bu çalışmada geçmişi bir olan Türk Dünyası’nın geleceğinin de bir olması için yapılması gerekenler ile özellikle dil ve edebiyatta yakınlaşmanın zarureti ve bu yolda atılması gereken diğer adımların neler olduğu incelenmektedir. 

Some Opinions and Suggestions on the Endeavor for Reunion in Turkestan Fallen Apart Because of Ilminsky Projects

Abstract

There have been many problems in Turkish World caused by both internal and external elements. The policies being implemented in Turkish lands that came under the influence of Russians and especially N. Ilminsky’s projects have made the problems bigger and created profound disconnection and separation in Turkish World over a century. The only way to solve this problem is a leader state rising from Turkish geography. As the leader state, Turkish Republic seems to be best as with its Ottoman roots. The heritage coming from Ottoman State makes Turkish Republic as the most experienced Turkish State. In addition to this, Turkey is advantageous because of having close relations with both The East and The West economically and strategically. However, before having the role to conduce prosperity, Turkish Republic should develop powerful relations among Turkish World in advance. For this, there are many mutual priorities to be dealt with. This is also a historical responsibility. In this study, the requirements for the unity of the Turkish People’s future, the necessity of convergence especially in language and literature and the methodology of this approach are going to be discussed. 
Müstakimzâde’ye Göre Nakşbendiyye’nin Bilinmeyen On İkinci Esası/
The Unknown Twelfth Principle of Naqshibandiyya According to Mustaqeemzadah
Authors: Incebilir Uğur
Published: March 2016

The Unknown Twelfth Principle of Naqshibandiyya

According to Mustaqeemzadah

Abstract

There are eleven principles in Hacegan-Naqshibandiyya tariq that are known as “kalimat el-qudsiyya” (the divine words). However Mustaqeemzade Suleiman Sadeddin Effendi, one of the shaykhs of Hacegan-Naqshibandiyya-Mujaddidiyya tariq, mentions another principle which differs from the eleven principles of the above-cited tariq. This is the first time for us to come accross such a principle mentioned, maybe not as a technical term but as an independent principle. As a matter of fact he indicates that this is not a well-known principle by noting down in one of his work saying that “it seems exclusive for this work”. In this article, “kalimat al-qudsiyya” (the divine words) based on the work of Mustaqeemzade will be described and additionally his statements and views regarding the previously mentioned twelfth principle will be introduced. Besides, different sources were used to make the topic better understood.

Müstakimzâde’ye Göre Nakşbendiyye’nin Bilinmeyen

On İkinci Esası

Öz 

Hâcegân-Nakşbendiyye tarîkinde kelimât-ı kudsiyye ismiyle bilinen on bir esas vardır. Ancak 18. asırda yaşamış olan Hâcegân-Nakşbendiyye-Müceddidiyye meşâyıhından Müstakimzâde Süleyman Sa’deddîn Efendi (1131-1202/1719-1788), mezkûr tarikatteki on bir esasa ilaveten  bir esasın daha olduğundan bahseder ki ıstılah olarak olmasa da müstakil bir esas olarak kullanımına ilk kez Müstakimzâde’de tesadüf etmekteyiz. Kendisi de zaten bu esasın pek bilinmediğini belirtmekte, bir eserinde derkenar olarak düştüğü notta “bu cerideye münhasır gibidir” ifadesiyle tasrih etmektedir. Bu makalemizde Müstakimzâde’nin eserlerinde geçtiği hâli merkez alınarak kelimât-ı kudsiye tarif edilip akabinde bahsi geçen on ikinci esas ile ilgili ona ait söz ve görüşler ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca konunun daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak için farklı kaynaklardan da istifade edilmiştir.