bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of compact residential blocks for sustainable urban regeneration: Determination of consistent qualitative criteria
Authors: De Smet Isabelle , Laplume David
Published: July 2024

Given the current ecological problems, it is nowadays necessary to reduce consumption. Demographic growth, economic growth patterns, lifestyles and consumption are leading to forms of unsustainable urban development, requiring ever-increasing resources in terms of land, materials and energy. This paper examines how architectural and urban research can help to mitigate this phenomenon while meeting the needs of the population. It is essential to examine the concept of reasonable density and compact urban typologies in order to develop our cities in a sustainable and positive way, thus limiting the misuse of natural spaces and preserving biodiversity in the face of territorial challenges. The question is, therefore, how to construct cities that comply with sufficiently strong criteria of compactness to reduce their consumption without undermining their attractiveness or quality of life. Design and planning tools are lacking in this area. The research on which this paper is based already enabled us to identify criteria that can be used for analytical purposes and to help design morphologies that satisfy the needs of integrated and objective compactness. These criteria could in the future facilitate the development, at infra-local level, of new compact urban groups, predominantly composed of housing, in accordance with a target density. Unfortunately, there are many, sometimes contradictory criteria of compactness, depending on the target scales and objectives. A compact project considering built-up and unbuilt areas makes it possible to reduce not only areas to be urbanised but also lost areas and the use of materials. Nevertheless, an exaggeration of the concept may result in the area devoted to housing being too small, a loss of luminosity and an increase in shadow effects, the disappearance of separate outside areas or a problem of accessibility. Accordingly, targeting urban compactness gives rise to a difficult choice between various quantitative and qualitative parameters.
Panel regression (cross sectional-time series) in same store sales analysis
Authors: Grigsby Mike
Published: July 2024

Most retail analytic frameworks are either ordinary or auto regression. That is, each row is a cross section or time period, but if a framework included both, better estimates and insights should result. These improved estimates come from the additional informational content supplied by both cross sections and time periods. Cross section means analysis by-customer, by-store or by-geography: time series data on each cross section could be used as independent variables (eg that which is designed to explain the movement in a dependent variable, that is, the dependent variable depends on the independent variables). The power of panel regression is in using both cross section and time series observations accounting for both cross sectional and time series effects. The following shows a common problem in retail: same store sales solved by taking into account differences in stores and differences in time series on sales, promotions, media, etc. Panel regression specifically analyses cross sectional time series data and incorporates these effects into the model. It also increases the sample size, which may be a trivial benefit while panel models (especially fixed effects) can control for unobserved heterogeneity which may be crucial. The business problem herein addressed is same store sales (SSS): this is an important business creator for retail companies in particular, and the source and focus of a large amount of analysis. Typical examples of SSS analyses include demand (by store) and marcomm (marketing communication)/media (by time period). There is a need to incorporate information from both a cross section and a time series point of view as SSS is about measuring change in a store over time. To incorporate both by-store and over-time effects something other tan ordinary regression (time series or not) needs to be incorporated. That is, if the approach is by-store (each row is a store) then the effect of bytime is lost. If the approach is time series (each row is a time period) then the store data are aggregated and the by-store effect is lost. Another common issue with SSS is a hidden/ unobserved variable that affects SSS: that is, there may be another variable (competitive moves, socio demographics, etc.) that the retailer cannot account for. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) will be biased if used, which panel regression can account for and partial out its effects. The goal of the retailer is therefore to measure the effect of different types of media by store over time which can result in a plan to optimally spend where it has the most effect.
Liquidity saving in real-time gross settlement systems: An overview
Authors: Norman Ben
Published: July 2024

During the past two decades, Large Value Payment Systems (LVPSs) in many countries have been redesigned so that the payments which they process are settled on a Real-Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) basis. Such systems eliminate inter-bank credit risk in the payment system — which, from the perspective of the Bank of England, is a key feature of the UK’s LVPS, CHAPS, and one which cannot be compromised by any future design changes. But such RTGS systems can require relatively large amounts of liquidity to be available. So some of the more recent RTGS system designs — for instance, TARGET2 (for euro payments) or Japan’s BOJ-Net — have incorporated sophisticated ‘liquidity-saving mechanisms’. These mechanisms have allowed participants in the payment system to save on liquidity needs without reintroducing inter-bank credit risk. To support discussions among participants in CHAPS on possible liquidity-saving mech­anisms, this paper sets out a conceptual framework for thinking about the drivers of liquidity needs in RTGS systems. It then discusses a number of practical liquidity-saving measures, which can meet the good of greater liquidity efficiency without reintroducing credit risk.
Malmö: Towards a new social agenda
Authors: Larsson Christer , Rosberg Göran
Published: July 2024

Malmö has endeavoured to achieve greater equity for its residents and to view them as a resource and as a form of social capital. The work has proved to be a tremendous asset and has generated greater awareness by the city’s target groups, but the city still suffers from social and economic imbalances. In order to succeed, a shift towards developing human capital through network solutions is being made through increased participation of the population as a whole. Some approaches discussed in this paper include how spatial organisation can strengthen social sustainability, culture and collective knowledge and processes that generate participation and trust. The paper also stresses the importance of internal work in the city council and the value of action programmes.
EU Benchmark Regulation: Our translation, your transition and the timeframe
Authors: Farrell Stephen , Cankett Mark
Published: July 2024

The European Commission’s Regulation on indices used as financial benchmarks in financial instruments and financial contracts is effective from 1 January 2018. The Regulation aims to reduce the risk of manipulation, bolster the reliability of benchmarks administered and ultimately provide a safer environment for the use of benchmarks in the EU. Steve Farrell and Mark Cankett from Deloitte LLP examine some key considerations for firms in implementation of this regulation.
The role of transaction monitoring in ongoing monitoring: AML compliance programmes in Canada
Authors: Simpson Andrew
Published: July 2024

Financial institutions in Canada face constant challenges when it comes to meeting their antimoney laundering (AML)/anti-terrorist financing (ATF) obligations. They must work with everchanging domestic and international regulatory environments while coping with increased pressures to operate cost-effectively. Financial institutions also need to continually monitor the adequacy and effectiveness of their AML/ATF programme. This paper will review some of the requirements set forth by the Canadian financial intelligence unit (FINTRAC) as well as how an effective transaction monitoring process combined with risk intelligence data can identify unusual transactions that warrant further investigation; provide input into and improve the effectiveness of an AML/ATF programme; be used for risk scoring; assist with profiling customers and understanding their unique risks; and ease the burden of compliance and reporting to regulators.
Rallying the troops: Crisis communication and reputation management in financial services
Authors: Riddell Paul
Published: July 2024

Motivated, engaged and trusted employees can help a company get over most crises, but achieving an engaged workforce is not always straightforward. Employees are a company's best ambassadors, and having them all pulling in the same direction is the first essential of reputation management. But whether it is a lack of contingency planning, crossed wires between internal communications, PR and HR, or just plain panic, the truth is that employees are too often overlooked at the very moments they are most needed. Often, there is a total disconnect between those at the top and those at the bottom of an organisation, putting a huge amount of responsibility on middle management. Critically, how do we get the middle layer to work effectively and be the glue that holds an organisation together, rather than the vacuum that can cause it to collapse?
Future-proofing your digital measurement for the post-cookie era
Authors: Tinkler Allan
Published: July 2024

After Google’s most recent announcement1, third-party cookies are expected to be fully deprecated from all web browsers in mid-2023, when market-leading Google Chrome joins Apple’s Safari and other browsers in no longer recognising the bits of code placed on web browsers that help companies understand consumer behaviour across the internet. As such, the trusted open internet will lose its current basis for advertising campaign measurement and attribution. The primary way in which advertisers and publishers currently derive insights into ad effectiveness will go away, impacting everything from how brands decide to spend their advertising budgets and grow their businesses, to how publishers fund themselves and survive in the future and how valuable the internet is for consumers around the world. Despite the extended timeline (the change was originally scheduled for January 2022), the countdown is still on for the industry to adapt. So, what will the future of advertising on the open internet look like? How will consumer consent be recognised and success be measured? And what actions do advertisers need to take now to get ready for the change? This paper will address important factors to consider, and why identity solutions, consumer privacy and first-party data should be at the heart of advertiser contingency plans.
A critical study of urban regeneration and gentrification in Rasht, Iran
Authors: Bakhsh Mona Taj , Pakzad Jahanshah
Published: July 2024

This research study explores the background, rationale and characteristics of recent urban interventions having the aim of regeneration in Rasht, Iran. An introduction to the context-specific factors that play a role in urban changes is followed by a critical focus on finding the possible side effects and consequences of the resultant changes on everyday life of long-time residents of Chellehkhaneh, an old neighbourhood located in Rasht inner city, by way of a qualitative analysis of several in-depth interviews. The narratives about the changing relationship between interviewees and their neighbourhood represent the conflation of person–place emotional tensions with socioeconomic pressures. By observing pressures caused by urban regeneration in the everyday life of long-term residents, sufficient evidence was gathered to prove the existence of an interrelationship between regeneration and the pressures associated with gentrification in the absence of real strategies that could be adopted to control changes and their effects. The chosen reduction of social relations and involvement in social affairs related to the neighbourhood by long-term established residents of Chellehkhaneh as a prevailing behavioural mechanism adopted to tolerate imposed pressures was thus one of the main consequences of changes caused by urban regeneration in Rasht inner city.
The emergence of virtual card payments: Data highlights changes in North American commercial payment practices
Authors: Gupta Mahendra , Palmer Richard J. , Brandt James , Palmer Nathan
Published: July 2024

To extend the use of card technology to highervalue transactions, card issuers now offer a range of ‘electronic accounts payable’ (EAP) products, often referred to as ‘virtual cards.’ In general, EAP is a non-plastic purchasing-card (p-card) account that is used to pay for goods and services after an invoice has been received. At that time, EAP card number information is transmitted or referenced for payment. The key feature of EAP is the dynamically adjustable line of credit supporting the account. Hence, the available credit on a card account is adjusted to match a specific transaction to be charged. After the transaction is completed, the available line of credit on the card is of little or no value. A wide variety of anecdotal commentary exists about the benefits of EAP, but facts about its use are limited. The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with results from a recent survey about EAP use in North America. Specifically, the results show the types of EAP being used in North America, EAP spending norms, the benefits reported from EAP use, past and expected future growth of EAP spending, and the role of supplier acceptance to the success of EAP.
Learning in the infancy of virtual agents
Authors: Fras Mattias , Rudolfsson Gustav , Grönvall Kristina
Published: July 2024

This paper shares learnings from the early stages of virtual agent (VA) implementation. While the paper presents hands-on practical insights and highlights areas to consider when building a VA, it will mainly discuss two issues. The first is the importance of getting started, because it is not until then that one truly begins to get the required learnings and insights to continue to develop and work with VAs. The second is the fact that although it is a new and hyped AI technology, the true value of implementing a successful VA comes from having the right people and capabilities involved to build a trusted experience. No one really knows how customers will use VAs in future, but most likely they will be differentiated in a way that suits the individual’s preferences.
Branding and advertising in an Islamic context: Representing the forbidden
Authors: Karimova Gulnara Z.
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on the communication vector of brand tangibility in an Islamic context. The study generates a dialogic advertising strategy to help advertisers construct implicit images within a framework of Islamic marketing. Although Islamic branding is qualitatively different from conventional branding, international branding experts use conventional advertising techniques when branding to Muslims. A dialogic advertising strategy enables branding and advertising experts to bring forward voices of others in cases where their portrayal is prohibited by Islamic laws and regulations. This paper will be of great value to marketers because it will help them improve their branding strategies when targeting the Muslim consumer and engaging with the Islamic market.
Degree satisfaction and likelihood of giving: A survey of professional school millennial alumni
Authors: Gaylord Margaret , Kelleher Tom
Published: July 2024

An online survey of millennials who graduated from a large southeastern US university’s college of journalism and communication between 2004 and 2016 (N = 664) was conducted to study how experiences that alumni remember from their student years, including engagement with faculty outside of class, extracurricular activities and career support relate to alumni degree satisfaction and likelihood of giving back to the programme. Degree utility, faculty engagement and career support all significantly related to degree satisfaction and likelihood of giving. Additional analyses suggest models for a relationship marketing approach in future research and practice. Recommendations include managing programmes in a way that enhances student experiences in identified areas such as faculty engagement and career services, developing message appeals to alumni that remind them of professionally relevant and satisfying experiences that they had when they were in school and testing/refining those messages to ensure they reinforce a healthy cycle of programme development.
Eighty years of literary audio archives at the Library of Congress: Preserving collections from the physical to digital
Authors: Darby Kristy , Gómez Catalina , Holmes Anne , Nappier Marcus , Salas Camille
Published: July 2024

This paper reviews the 80-year history of two Library of Congress literary audio archives — the Archive of Recorded Poetry and Literature and the PALABRA Archive — and details the challenges and opportunities that the dawn of the digital era posed for such collections. Curators and archival professionals who had been accustomed to analogue collection frameworks and workflows began to develop strategies for digitisation and digital access, paving the way for the establishment of the Library’s Digital Content Management Section. This new section’s Digital Collections Management Compendium outlines the institution’s policy and guidance for its digital content managers. New complexities with handling digital files highlighted the need to develop innovative digital processing workflows, as well as the importance of documenting these workflows and techniques for future processing efforts. Continuous documentation and efforts to process digital files have led to increased confidence in utilising scripting for batch processing as well as an improved understanding of the requirements for making this content accessible. The collaboration between literary audio archives curators and digital content managers laid the foundation for similar digital preservation practices that the institution continues to build upon for other projects, and continues to ensure the successful transition of these historic literary collections into the digital era.
Electronic central bank cash: To be or not to be?
Authors: Leinonen Harry
Published: July 2024

Increasing digitisation, developments in electronic payment technology — especially cryptocurrencies — and the declining use of paper cash are prompting discussions regarding the possibility of central banks launching electronic cash (e-cash). This paper discusses the expectations that e-cash would need to meet, from a user perspective, and argues that e-cash would need to have more in common with modern account-based electronic and mobile account payments than with traditional cash. Were central banks to launch e-cash, they would be in direct competition with private payment services. A successful e-cash service would therefore require a competitive edge over private electronic payment services. This would create a risk of market distortion for both payments and deposit services. Regulatory issues such as knowyour- customer requirements and account/transaction liabilities would play a major role in e-cash services. Central bank e-cash would have to fulfil the basic payment instrument requirements of a sufficiently large segment of the payments market.
The opportunities and challenges of moving to a virtual events programme during a global pandemic
Authors: Whaley Joanne
Published: July 2024

The impact of a global pandemic on alumni events programmes through 2020 and 2021 has been astounding, with physical events cancelled or postponed. Alumni professionals have had to embrace the virtual, moving programmes online and opening up alumni activities to a global audience. This paper offers insight into how an independent school has adapted to the challenges and embraced the opportunities. We offer thoughts on how we will look to take this learning forward into developing a post COVID-19 programme.
Legal issues in China's QDII regime: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Walker James , Shipman Mark , Tiecheng Yang , Nan Zhang
Published: July 2024

Although it is hard to distinguish legal ownership and beneficial ownership of the QDII assets, PRC law generally provides for the independent status of QDII assets. This is also supported by the fact that the regulators place emphasis on the independence of the custodian and segregation of accounts. Accordingly the use of omnibus accounts by custodians is generally restricted. An overseas investment manager may be engaged on a discretionary or non-discretionary basis while the requirements in this respect are somewhat distinct for different types of QDIIs. Large global fund management groups may be faced with the challenge brought by the onward delegation. Although the QDII regime presents opportunities for overseas fund mangers, there is no change in the PRC securities offering laws which are still very restrictive.Custodians need to be aware of the additional supervisory responsibility but there is no detailed requirement on the manner in which such supervision should be carried out.In terms of notable issues under PRC law relevant to the QDII contracts, it is important to ensure that any limit on the scope of maximum losses under the agreement is in compliance with the PRC Contract Law. A well-drafted indemnity clause which clearly reflects the contracting parties' intention should, generally speaking, be respected by, and enforceable in, the PRC courts. There is a risk that the parties may not be able to rely on the force majeure clause, at least to the extent that it is broader than force majeure events as defined under PRC Contract Law. Relevant requirements on governing law and dispute settlement should also be complied with. Various uncertainties, may lie in lien, set-off and overdraft arrangements.
Connecting globally and engaging locally: Devising and implementing a programme of financial support for community-led initiatives at Dublin Airport
Authors: Ryan Miriam , Flynn Angela
Published: July 2024

In 2016, Dublin Airport sought to formalise and further develop its existing programme of support for community-led initiatives in the vicinity of the airport. The need for such a programme was influenced by the imminent delivery of one of the airport’s, and Ireland’s, largest infrastructural projects, that of a new parallel runway known as North Runway. This paper discusses the new approach, which was developed following detailed desktop and field research, incorporating feedback from internal and external stakeholders. The paper considers the result of this - the successful launch of the Dublin Airport Community Fund in June 2017, a programme of community funding that utilises best practice methodologies to allocate funding in a clear and transparent manner.
The changing face of work: How technology is fuelling a workplace revolution
Authors: Dukes Elizabeth , Gilbreath Mark
Published: July 2024

Responding to the demands of today's increasingly mobile and continuously connected workforce requires solutions not only for workers, but also for companies. This paper focusses on the importance of agility and mobility while exploring new technologies which enable businesses to discover service based workplace management solutions, such as remotely identifying and booking meeting and office space. In addition to providing specific details about how these technologies work, this paper presents case studies to keep us grounded in what companies are really doing.
Advanced next best offer marketing using predictive analytics
Authors: Croft Justin
Published: July 2024

Next best offer (NBO) marketing, also known as next best action, prescribes the marketing message with the highest likelihood of success and delivers that next best message within an integrated, measurable marketing environment. This paper proposes a framework for marketers to use in building and launching a successful NBO solution within their own organisation. Topics addressed include ideal analytics team structure, key stakeholder alignment issues, marketing offer types, the predictive analytics technical platform and the importance of multi-channel integrations within a customer experience.
Natural ventilation: Harnessing natural forces to create comfort conditions within buildings
Authors: Walker Derek
Published: July 2024

Natural ventilation and passive cooling is the harnessing of natural forces — heat generated buoyancy, wind pressures, thermal mass, phase change, adiabatic processes and so on, to provide comfort conditions within buildings without the use of mechanical processes, ie, from air conditioning systems, chillers or refrigeration processes. Although the principles of natural ventilation have been understood for many years and have become increasingly popular in recent times, there are many ways in which these systems may fail or not work to best advantage. This article sets out to explain some of the issues surrounding the use of natural ventilation and passive cooling.
Smart retail: How AI and IoT are revolutionising the retail industry
Authors: Shekhawat Sandeep
Published: July 2024

Technological advancements mean the retail industry is expected to spend US$7.3bn per year on artificial intelligence (AI) from 2022. Retailers that are looking to stay one step ahead are increasingly turning to AI and the Internet of Things (IoT) to help them understand the millions of data points in-store and turn them into insightful information that they can use to improve the speed and effectiveness of their business decisions. This paper demonstrates how AI+IoT (AIoT) can combine to provide a powerful digital transformation experience in retail stores. It also describes some examples of current AIoT implementations in retail stores and explains some of the latest ways retailers can adopt AIoT to drive operational excellence. We will also deep dive into one such example, electronic shelf labels (ESL), showing how these are revolutionising pricing in stores and offering some real-world examples where ESLs are driving efficiency.
App-usage data and geo-tracking: How to address consumers at the right moment based on behaviour and geo-location
Authors: Schudrowitz Joerg
Published: July 2024

This paper describes a novel approach for predicting customer needs based on consumer behaviour patterns. The process entails the creation of lookalike audiences based on a combination of consumer data obtained from digital prospect-reading apps and geo-data from smartphones to inform the placement of advertisements across diverse marketing platforms. Advertisement campaigns based on actual behaviour allow targeted customer groups to be reached at the start of the consumer journey — and sometimes even earlier. Data can thus be used to drive consumers to the nearest relevant store and to obtain precise measurements of campaign impact. While this study uses the example of a campaign advertising domestic appliances, the method provides a basis for the precise targeting of customers that can be used in any marketing campaign that aims to drive specific consumers into stores.
Analysis of refilling late appointment cancellations in an outpatient practice at a community-based health system
Authors: Bhandari Pawan , (Chitra) Saravanan Paripuranam , Kuiken Rachael E. , Johnson Ryan R. , Krishna Bipinchandra Hirisave , Anil Gokhan , Doolhoff Abraham A.
Published: July 2024

Mayo Clinic Health System — Southwest Minnesota Region, one of four practice regions in the Midwest, provides primary and speciality care in ambulatory, procedural and hospital settings. Clinic appointment fill rates, no-show rates and late cancellation rates are closely monitored operational metrics, but at the time this study began, less was known about the refill rates of late appointment cancellations. This metric is of importance because these unfilled appointment times contribute to increased expenses for healthcare organisations, unnecessary delays in care and decreases in revenue. The main objectives of this study were to understand the current state and potential opportunities for refilling late cancellations. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used, including variance analysis, the Tukey post hoc test, Pareto analysis, the completion of interviews with important stakeholders and data extraction from the institution’s electronic health record. Findings showed that late cancellation rates remained steady in 2021 and that late cancellations were not being refilled consistently across departments and regions. Appointment refill rates were higher in departments with few or no requirements for preparatory evaluation, whereas in specialties that did require preparatory evaluations, refill rates were lower across the four regions of the Mayo Clinic Health System. Even in departments with high demand, the refill rates were lower, resulting in missed opportunities for patient visits. Mapping the workflow for late cancellations indicated inconsistent methods for refilling late cancellation openings and the lack of a defined process for refilling them that was understood by the entire care team. The logistics of optimising refill rates for late cancellations were affected by provider preference, selfscheduling functionality and appointment requirements. This study identified opportunities for optimising workflows to use the waiting list proactively to refill late cancellations.
Exchange traded fund risk management and resiliency
Authors: Smodis Sebastjan , Smore Suzanne
Published: July 2024

The rapid growth of exchange traded funds (ETFs) has raised questions about possible risks facing ETF investors. ETF is a sophisticated daily-dealing open-ended collective investment vehicle (CIV), combining properties of an investment fund and a capital markets instrument and requiring an advanced end-to-end risk management framework across the ETF market structure. This paper recommends ETF risk management best practices developed to meet fiduciary and regulatory responsibilities. The risks associated with ETFs and authorised participants (APs), which serve an important role in the ETF ecosystem, should be monitored and managed prudently and holistically throughout the product life cycle. Investment and liquidity risk arise in portfolio construction and parts of primary market creation and redemption process. Baskets are representative slices of the fund that can introduce unintended investment and liquidity risks if not managed appropriately. Liquidity risk also extends to the secondary market. Counterparty risk arises mostly through primary market activity and securities lending, but it can also be present in portfolios through usage of derivatives and other instruments with counterparty risk exposures. A robust and comprehensive ETF risk management framework should incorporate investment, liquidity, and counterparty risk monitoring with escalation, oversight and strong governance. These are the building blocks of a robust risk management framework, which should also protect ETF investors during periods of market stress. A number of events over the past several years have tested the resiliency of ETFs in volatile markets. The ability of ETF shares to trade on the secondary market without ever having to transact in the underlying security holdings provides a ‘release valve’ or ‘shock absorber’ for directional trading pressure.
Bank of Lithuania’s digital currency experimentation: Lessons learned
Authors: Šostakaitè Austèja
Published: July 2024

As part of a broader Eurosystem effort, the Bank of Lithuania carried out an experiment on the European central bank digital currency (CBDC) — digital euro, building a central bank-provided, two-tier settlement infrastructure. A number of important product development and functional features emerged from the experiment. For example, it was found that the digital euro could offer a novel two-tier infrastructure, which interoperates centralised and decentralised ledgers with new roles for financial intermediaries. Such new roles stem from new technologies underlying CBDC settlement and PSD2-like interfaces that could open up new possibilities to develop additional services. The central bank is able to provide a real-time, privacy-preserving and risk-free payment instrument for citizens to benefit from both legacy account-based and innovative DLT-based systems. Control features of the digital euro tested include safeguarding against double spending, limiting CBDC holdings and applying adjustable interest rates — features vital to the central bank’s mandate to foster financial stability. The infrastructure was analysed for its privacy modalities, which proved to be configurable per user profile or transaction type, opening up more possibilities for the future use of decentralised identity (DID). Overall, the experiment demonstrated that technology is not a limiting factor for the digital euro. The main challenge is to find the strategic placement of the digital euro in the retail payment ecosystem, with a substantial value proposition for citizens and business opportunities for financial institutions. This paper presents views on the CBDC and lessons learned from the Bank of Lithuania experimentation.
Light rail transit (LRT) and transit villages in Qatar: A planning strategy to revitalise the built environment of Doha
Authors: Furlan Raffaello , Sipe Neil
Published: July 2024

For the past several decades, the car has been the most popular method for travelling within cities, small towns and rural areas. This has caused increasing traffic congestion, which in turn has become a drain on the economy of cities due to lost productivity. Additionally, the impact of climate change, the consequent need of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the wide fluctuations in the price of oil are prompting cities around the world to make large investments in urban public transit. The implementation of public transport has become a critical issue for the urban development of cities: more communities are planning light rail transit systems (LRT) and transit villages (TODs) as part of an integrated transport and land use planning approach for revitalising cities. Middle Eastern cities, known for their extreme dependence on cars, are currently investing large sums on public transit systems. In the past two decades, Doha, the capital city of Qatar, has witnessed unforeseen economic growth due to oil and natural gas production and export. Currently the nation is developing a major urban public transit network consisting of the Doha Metro, the Lusail LRT and a bus rapid transit system. This paper explores: (1) how public transit systems and land use fit into the larger challenge of urban transformation and regeneration (2) the progress and implications of the development of the new LRT system for the planning of Doha’s built environment, and (3) the extent to which TODs are strategies for sustainable urbanism and smart growth in Qatar.
E-invoicing in Europe: Now and the future
Authors: Salmony Michael , Harald Bo
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the current state of electronic invoicing in Europe and the key elements of the proposal by the European Commission’s Expert Group to move this important issue forward and gain huge benefits for Europe’s economy. It shows how the planned European e-Invoicing Framework is expected to establish a common conceptual structure, including business models and standards, and proposes solutions supporting the provision of e-invoicing services in an open and interoperable manner across Europe. It also outlines a set of actionable recommendations and proposals. Finally, perspectives for the future beyond e-invoicing are outlined.
Improving airport energy efficiency through Continuous Commissioning at Dallas/Fort Worth Airport
Authors: Wei Guanghua , Yazdani Bahman , Dennis Jerry R. , Hodapp Rusty T.
Published: July 2024

Large commercial airports consist of many complex systems that require a significant amount of energy to operate. The energy cost is often one of the largest categories of controllable airport operating expense. In the current economic environment for the airline industry, it is increasingly important for airport facility managers to reduce operating expenses for their airline and other tenants. This paper introduces the Continuous Commissioning® (CC®) process and its application at the Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) International Airport, one of the busiest airports in the world. Since 2004, several facilities at DFW International Airport have gone through the CC process with excellent results in terms of comfort improvement, energy and cost savings, and carbon emissions reduction. This paper describes the key steps of the CC process and presents the results at DFW International Airport.
How can banks survive and thrive in a world of automated finance?
Authors: Bhagat Jody
Published: July 2024

What will be the role of the bank in a world where managing our finance is increasingly automated? To survive the next stage of evolution of the industry, banks will need to find a way to make customer interactions as relevant at the individual level as those delivered by the most insightful, best-in-class digital brands across the spectrum of their lives. But with a market that is ripe for such personalisation, why is it so difficult for banks to really know and understand customers? This paper will look at the challenges that traditional banks face both externally (including consumer trust, competitive innovation and big tech encroachment) and internally (including data silos, legacy systems, strategic vision and competition for qualified talent) as well as the opportunities that await them to increase engagement, loyalty and growth. It will also consider what success looks like for banks that can meld automation into a personalised experience that makes the financial well-being of the customer the top priority.
Improving disaster outcomes with better decision making
Authors: Oberlin Ronda
Published: July 2024

Decisions made in an emergency can improve or exacerbate the outcome of the event. Making complex decisions in high-stress circumstances is not easily done without prior training. Understanding how people process information under stress, and how decisions are affected by bias, can lead to better decision making. This paper examines how risk communication lessons from sense-making research and cockpit resource management can be applied to business and industry to improve emergency and disaster outcomes.
How will transfer agency continue to be relevant in the current age of disruption?
Authors: Clarkson Richard
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the challenges within the transfer agency and how with the advent of new and exciting technology, a forward-thinking transfer agent can survive and grow. Change is happening across the financial services space, and the customary transfer agency stance of delaying is not an option if it wants to remain relevant in the age of disruption.
How can the ACH network be simplified to compete with Check 21?
Authors: Peterson David
Published: July 2024

It is suggested that the automated clearing house (ACH) network has gone beyond being necessary and has become too complicated. To remain a viable low-cost payment solution and compete with other services related to Check 21, the network and its transactions need to be simplified. Various factors contribute to ACH complications, including cheque conversion and multiple standard entry class (SEC) codes, having various transaction types for any forward presentable items, the complexity of ACH rules, too many exclusions regarding which items may be converted, and the current provision in eChecks that let consumers 'opt-out' of having cheques converted into ACH debits. While ACH holds some advantages over Check 21, several suggestions are provided to simplify the ACH network and benefit all participants, including eliminating unnecessary SEC codes, written authorisations for eChecks, 'opt-outs' and all cheque conversion exceptions. In order to facilitate these suggestions, additional action items are also discussed.
Responding to organised payment card compromise and subsequent fraud
Authors: Hay Brian , Webster Julianne
Published: July 2024

The global endemic crime problem of payment card compromise and subsequent fraud continues to pose extreme challenges for the payments processing industry and for law enforcement. These challenges include developing strategies to minimise risk, including enhancing the security of cards for consumers, reducing loss for merchants and financial institutions, and enhancing intelligence sharing between industry and law enforcement. Case studies concerning the activities of transnational criminal networks responsible for card fraud show increasing levels of sophistication as well as the magnitude of financial loss. Correspondingly, the evidence suggests wide-ranging gaps in the design and implementation of equally sophisticated responses that can produce risk reduction and prevention. This paper draws on the problem-oriented policing, situ­ational crime prevention and third-party policing theoretical approaches to propose a strengthened preventative response to the problem.
What does High Speed Two mean for regeneration and economic development in the UK?
Authors: West Beth , Webster Laura
Published: July 2024

Investment in transport infrastructure is an enabler of economic growth and a key component of global competitiveness. High Speed Two will have important implications for future growth potential in the UK by providing a significant boost to future rail capacity and a step-change in connectivity that will create new opportunities both to grow the size of the national economy and to alter the future geographical distribution of growth.
Compliance rules for an effective investment management system
Authors: Balasubrmanian Vasanth Sandilya
Published: July 2024

Investment management firms have dedicated compliance teams that take care of incorporating regulatory compliance rules as well as programme-specific compliance rules into the firm’s investment management programmes. There are a set of compliance rules that govern the investment management process and they are triggered when certain trade-related parameters like convexity or beta are breached. These rules are mainly to ensure that undue financial risks are avoided while investing the client’s funds. The financial as well as reputational damage to firms is significant when adverse events are triggered due to a lack of adequate compliance processes as has been seen in cases like Long Term Capital Management (LTCM). This paper looks at 15 compliance rules that a compliance manager can ponder when setting up their firm’s compliance programme. Although by no means exhaustive, these rules set the context for building a robust compliance engine.
‘This is our day’: How Tufts Medical Center does the Boston Marathon
Authors: Robshaw Ashley E. , Carideo Laura J. , Mostofi Matthew B. , Barnewolt Brien A. , Osgood Robert A.
Published: July 2024

Each year on the third Monday in April, athletes, volunteers and spectators alike celebrate the running of the Boston Marathon. With a course that spans eight cities and towns over 26.2 miles, the Marathon is an annual large-scale event that requires state-wide efforts to ensure the health and well-being of all participants. No stranger to events of this magnitude, Boston also hosts one of the nation‘s largest New Year’s Eve celebrations, is home to a wide variety of St. Patrick‘s Day events, including the annual South Boston parade, and is renowned for its nationally broadcast Independence Day festivities. This document outlines how Tufts Medical Center (Tufts MC), a 415-bed academic medical facility in the heart of downtown Boston, manages large-scale planned events such as the Boston Marathon from an individual hospital administration perspective. This well-tested but dynamic response strategy to events of this size is a product of robust hospital preparations, streamlined operations and liaising with external agencies. Successful implementation of this plan allows for accommodation of a greater than 40 per cent increase in Emergency Department (ED) daily volume: flexibility utilised not only on Marathon Monday, but also during additional large-scale events in Boston throughout the year.
Key compliance priorities of investment advisers: A short global overview
Authors: Bornatico Andrea M.
Published: July 2024

The recent years have been a busy period for any compliance officer, and the regulatory pace does not seem to be slowing down anytime soon. This paper looks to summarise the key compliance issues and challenges faced in recent times by investment management firms and the tools many entities are utilising used to tackle them. Finally, it considers what lies ahead on the regulatory horizon and the potential implications.
The GDPR: Halfway between consumer protection and data ownership rights
Authors: Milkau Udo
Published: July 2024

Digitalisation is changing the way firms create value. Today, one will frequently hear that ‘data are the new oil’. The data to be monetarised in such a ‘digital value chain’, however, are usually customers’ personal data, which are — in the case of banking – traditionally kept in a bank account. In the last two decades, the global internet giants have introduced a model of ‘reversed’ value creation, in which services for the customers are ‘for free’ but paid for by digital traces of personal data, and in which advertisers pay for the output of data aggregation. Current European regulations not only regulate data protection but, in parallel, provide ‘open access’ by the revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2) or ‘portability of data’ by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). A comparison of the actual data economy (represented by global business platforms) and the current regulations with the duality of data protection and ‘open access’ (or ‘free flow of data’) reveals that the metaphor of ‘data as new oil’ lacks clear ownership in data as a valuable asset. Together with the known problem of ‘time preference’, that is, the inclination of consumers towards current consumption (with benefits ‘free of charge’) over future consumption (based on the long-term value of personal data), the omission of ownership results in an asymmetry in the digital market economy. One solution could be the development of data ownership rights, which would provide certainty to all actors along a ‘data value chain’, from consumers to existing banks, global business platforms or new start-ups.
Anti-money laundering and sanctions compliance challenges for custody services
Authors: Levin Sharon Cohen , Gutierrez Franca Harris , Carroll Katrina , Alper Elijah
Published: July 2024

US federal and state agencies are bringing more enforcement actions, and obtaining larger penalties than ever, for anti-money laundering (AML) and financial sanctions violations. US AML and sanctions obligations extend to all bank and broker– dealer operations, including custody operations. This paper describes the AML and sanctions frameworks applicable to bank and broker–dealer custody operations, and discusses three key compliance risks for those activities: accounts held for financial intermediaries, foreign financial institutions and microcap securities.