bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceive, predict, and plan: robotic expeditionary science in oceanic spatiotemporal fields
Authors:   , Preston Victoria Lynn
Published: February 2023

An improved understanding of our ocean would allow us to characterize the largest habitable biosphere on planet Earth, quantify the geochemical processes that control Earth’s climate, and develop responsible regulations for controlling the natural resources stored in its depths. Expeditionary science is the art of collecting in situ observations of an environment to build approximate models of underlying properties that move us towards this understanding. Robotic platforms are a critical technology for collecting observations of the ocean. Depth-capable autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are commonly used to build static maps of the seafloor by executing pre-programmedsurveys. However, there is growing urgency to generate rich data products of spatiotemporal distributions that characterize the physics and chemistry of the deep ocean biogeosphere. In this thesis, the problem of charting dynamic deep sea hydrothermal plumes with depth-capable AUVs is investigated. Effectively collecting samples of geochemical plumes using the operationally preferred strategy of pre-specifying surveys requires access to a dynamics model of the advective currents, bathymetric updrafts, and turbulent mixing at a hydrothermal site. In practice, however, access to this information is unavailable, imperfect, or only partially known, and so a model of plume dynamics must be inferred from observations and subsequently leveraged to improve future sampling performance. As most in situ scientific instruments yield point-measurements, considerable uncertainty is placed over the form of the dynamics in purely data-driven solutions. Challenges related to planning under uncertainty for geochemical surveys in the deep ocean are addressed in this thesis by embedding scientific knowledge as a strong inductive prior for tractable model learning and decision-making. Algorithmic contributions of this thesis show how plumes can be perceived from field data, their fate predicted far into the future (e.g., multiple days), and informative fixed trajectories planned which place an AUV in the right place at the right time. Scientific assessment of observational data collected with AUV Sentry during field trials in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California are interwoven with algorithmic analyses, demonstrating how intelligent perception, prediction, and planning enables novel insights about hydrothermal plumes.
Distributions and perturbations of the marine dissolved cobalt cycle in a changing ocean
Authors:   , Chmiel Rebecca
Published: February 2023

Cobalt is a necessary nutrient for many marine phytoplankton, but its hybrid-type nature results in small marine inventories that make it one of the scarcest bioactive trace metals in the oceans. This study examines the marine dissolved cobalt cycle in two regions: the Pacific Ocean and Antarctic coastal seas. In the North Pacific, elevated cobalt stoichiometries among phytoplankton were linked to nitrogen, iron and phosphate stress protein biomarkers at the boundaries of oceanographic provinces and upwelling zones, providing insight into the flexibility of cobalt stoichiometry. In both regions, perturbations to the marine cobalt cycle were either predicted or observed; in the equatorial Pacific, the dissolved cobalt inventory was predicted to increase by up to 28% due to the expansion of oxygen minimum zones in a warmer ocean, while in the Antarctic, melting ice shelves have the potential to shift the nutrient regime from iron limitation towards zinc and vitamin B12 limitation, resulting in higher cobalt demand and a lower dissolved cobalt inventory. When the global cobalt cycle was estimated throughout four of Earth’s systems (the lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and the anthroposphere – the human environment), it was determined that the scale of the cobalt flux through the anthroposphere is only one order of magnitude lower than the inventory of the entire hydrosphere (10(9) mol Co yr-1 and 10(10) mol Co, respectively), revealing a vulnerability to anthropogenic perturbation of the marine cobalt inventory through human mining, use and disposal of cobalt if appropriate pollution abatement, disposal and recycling infrastructure is not established. In light of observed and predicted changes to cobalt biogeochemistry, this research suggests that the marine cobalt cycle is particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic perturbation from both global climate change and pollution due to its low ocean inventory and interconnection to other nutrient biogeochemical cycles.
Prevalência de saúde cardiovascular ideal na população adulta brasileira – Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019
Authors: Motta Ana Carolina Souto Valente , Bousquet-Santos Kelb , Motoki Isabela Harumi Lopes , Andrade Joanlise Marco De Leon
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: analisar a prevalência de saúde cardiovascular (SCV) ideal na população adulta brasileira. Métodos: estudo transversal com base na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019 (n = 77.494); foram estimadas as prevalências e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) de SCV ideal (sete metas alcançadas simultaneamente) e por metas individuais (quatro metas comportamentais; três biológicas), conforme propõe a Associação Americana do Coração. Resultados: apenas 0,5% (IC95% 0,4;0,6) da população estudada apresentou SCV ideal, observando-se maior prevalência entre aqueles com maior escolaridade (1,3% – IC95% 0,9;1,6)  e os residentes em áreas urbanas (0,6% – IC95% 0,5;0,7); as prevalências das metas comportamentais e biológicas foram de 0,7% (IC95% 0,6;0,8) e 63,3% (IC95% 62,7;63,9) respectivamente. Conclusão: a prevalência de SCV ideal foi muito baixa, evidenciando a necessidade de políticas públicas para promoção, vigilância e atenção à SCV na população adulta brasileira.
FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE EM CONTEXTO NÃO FORMAL: A EXPERIÊNCIA NOS CURSINHOS POPULARES
Authors: Lucena Hadassa
Published: February 2023

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada no âmbito de doutorado em Ciências da Educação. O objetivo foi analisar a relação entre a educação não formal realizada em contexto de ensino superior e a formação de professores. Esta investigação é de caráter qualitativo, na coleta de dados realizou-se 21 entrevistas, cujos dados foram tratados conforme a análise temática de conteúdo. A pesquisa possibilitou estudar as práticas educativas e formativas desenvolvidas em dois cursinhos populares, que têm por objetivo a preparação de grupos de pessoas provenientes de classes econômica e socialmente desfavorecidas para a realização da prova do ENEM, sendo estes cursinhos o Rede Emancipa e Conexões de Saberes. Tendo em vista as funções que a educação não formal pode desempenhar, nomeadamente no que se refere a complementação da educação formal e não formal, os resultados indicam que as práticas educativas analisadas são importantes para a formação dos alunos de licenciaturas, uma vez que possibilitam a aprendizagem de conhecimentos teóricos e práticos. Estas experiências estudadas aproximam-se da corrente da educação popular, pois a práxis docente ocorre de acordo com uma vertente crítica, além disso são importantes ferramentas que visam a democratização do ensino superior no Brasil.
Causas de la integración económica latinoamericana
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Martínez Zabaleta Mercedes Elena
Published: February 2023

La integración económica tiene como objetivo ampliar el mercado, así como permitir una mayor división del trabajo, una mejor asignación de los recursos reales y una eficiente gestión financiera, todo lo cual permite mayores tasas de crecimiento de las economías y, así mismo, prosperidad compartida. Busca también aumentar la competencia, para lo cual debe acelerar la inversión, así como la reactivación de las economías de bloque. También se tiene en cuenta que la coalición de intereses económicos termina con la unificación de intereses políticos. Esta sinergia tiende a establecer como un objetivo político el creciente peso político internacional del espacio integrado, ya que prospectivamente esto supera al de cada país de manera separada.
R&D and Employment Relation: Differences in Low and High-Skilled Employment in Developing Economies
Authors:   Istanbul University, SAKA Hami , ORHAN Mehmet ,   University of North Texas
Published: February 2023

This paper attempts to investigate the effect of technology on employment based on skill groups in developing countries using data from 23 countries between 1990 and 2019. We use the macroeconomic framework to split employment in developing countries into high-skilled and low-skilled and examine how these two groups are affected by progress in technology. Pedroni’s (1999, 2004) and Kao’s (1999) cointegration methods reveal the statistically significant relationship among variables in the long run. Coefficients estimated in cointegration highlight that technology is among the factors that increase unemployment in developing countries. In addition, our baseline models document that inflation and real interest rates have a positive impact on unemployment. Finally, both high-skilled and lowskilled employment in developing countries are negatively affected by technology, and the negative impact is greater on low-skill employment.
Os pequenos municípios brasileiros: viabilidade, direitos sociais e desenvolvimento local
Authors: Prediger Reneo Pedro , Allebrandt Sérgio Luíz , Fistarol Kruger Roseli , De Carli Patricia
Published: February 2023

Existem, no Brasil, 5.570 municípios dos quais 1.253 possuem menos que 5.000 habitantes. A PEC 188/2019 propõe a incorporação de parte destas localidades por municípios vizinhos e com maior capacidade financeira. A receita própria dos municípios é o segundo critério previsto na PEC. Este trabalho mostra que, por habitante, os municípios com população inferior a 5.000 habitantes arrecadam mais que os municípios do grupo com população maior. Mesmo as despesas administrativas destes municípios pequenos não são significativamente maiores. Os direitos sociais dos cidadãos, previstos na Constituição Federal, são atendidos de forma mais eficiente nos municípios menores, se considerados os valores per capita. Em algumas das funções orçamentárias, como a saúde por exemplo, as diferenças nos volumes de investimento são bastante elevadas. Os municípios pequenos também atuam como promotores do desenvolvimento ao incentivar as atividades econômicas e o fazem com investimentos maiores, mais uma vez usando o cidadão como unidade. Não é adequado, deste modo, prejulgar e condenar municípios baseados apenas do número de habitantes e nos valores que arrecadam. Os municípios, antes de tudo, são proponentes e executores de políticas públicas onde o lucro financeiro não pode se constituir em medida de avaliação.
Climate changes and land use in farming regions: evidence from Buritirana district (Jalapão gateway), Tocantins state, Brazil: 2004-2018
Authors: De Oliveira Thiago José Arruda , Dorner Stefan Hubertus
Published: February 2023

The following research analyzed the interactions between climate change and land use in the Buritirana district, a farming region located at Jalapão gateway, Tocantins state, Brazil. This relatively small area gathers high-tech soybean production developed in recent years, cattle breeding, small family farming, and none associated producers. The study focused on two groups: on the one hand farmers of the agricultural settlements Sítio and Entre Rios and on the other large soybean producers. The database was obtained by the MapBioma project and the WorldClim collection. The images retrieved were processed to plot geographic illustrations and furthermore to elaborate and interpret linear regression. Such framework intended to provide more evidences about the future perspectives of agricultural production in tropical regions. The results revealed an annual increase of average temperature in the examined region, characterized by a strong expansion of soybean monoculture, between 2013 and 2018. However, based on statistical analysis, evidence of correlating soybean expansion to climate changes in the Buritirana region could not be confirmed. Nevertheless, spread of monoculture and reduction of native flora in the Jalapão region and surroundings should be considered with concern, especially for small rural familiar farmers and for wildlife as well, even after approval of the new Brazilian Forest Code in 2008.
Evidências Para um Sistema Nacional de (Eco)Inovação Para o Setor Eólico
Authors: Levino Natallya de Almeida , Araújo Anderson Henrique dos Santos , Amorim José Francisco Oliveira de
Published: February 2023

A emergência em torno de um ecossistema limpo e economicamente sustentável modificou o contexto das inovações, ganhando relevância, desde o início do século XXI, as discussões sobre ecoinovação. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a necessidade de um Sistema Nacional de Ecoinovação (SNECO) no Setor Eólico, embasado na concepção de sistemas nacionais de inovação. Parte do desenvolvimento teórico da economia heterodoxa, com enfoque neoschumpeteriano, o qual busca apresentar respostas para os problemas encontrados no mercado através da inovação. Metodologicamente, o estudo constitui-se de um levantamento documental, analisando pesquisas acadêmicas teóricas e aplicadas sobre ecoinovação em uma análise diante do Setor Eólico, com base em dados secundários. Os resultados demonstram que embora não se apresentem evidências de um SNECO brasileiro energético consolidado com forte interação nos subsistemas científico/tecnológico, produtivo e político, potencialidades são perceptíveis. Para tanto, tornam-se necessárias medidas políticas e operacionais, ampliando e reordenando a atuação estratégica governamental, seguidas de ações cooperativas entre as organizações presentes no sistema eólico brasileiro.
Cooperativa integral, organicidade socioprodutiva e governança autogestionária: explorando confluências, possibilidades e limites para a construção de um território sustentável
Authors: Benini Edi Augusto , Benini Elcio Gustavo , Pacheco Adriano Pereira de Castro
Published: February 2023

Inserido na interseção entre os campos de estudos territoriais e organizacionais, este artigo explora as possibilidades histórico-geográficas e os limites estruturais-sistêmicos de iniciativas emancipatórias, notadamente a partir de um programa de extensão realizado em uma comunidade tradicional. Ao articular os conceitos de governança autogestionária, organicidade socioprodutiva e cooperativa integral, o artigo objetivou analisar os elementos que contribuem para a instituição de uma governança territorial autogestionária. O campo empírico foi a construção da cooperativa integral Quilombarras, da comunidade quilombola Barra da Aroeira, localizada no estado do Tocantins. Trata-se de uma composição teórica a partir das reverberações de um estudo de caso, dentro de um percurso metodológico que agregou pesquisa-ação com a perspectiva crítico-dialética. Os resultados mostram que o horizonte da governança territorial autogestionária, para ser alcançado, requer a confluência de elementos que ampliem a governança política da comunidade, bem como, a construção de relações sociais de produção lastreadas em um sistema de organicidade socioprodutiva à vista da sustentabilidade do território, em conjunto com a ampliação e adequação das forças produtivas que o constituem.
Uma estratégia para dinamizar arranjos de produção e comercialização agroalimentar: O caso da produção com atributos à venda direta em Tupanciretã – RS
Authors: Lazzaretti Picolotto Everton , Simi Turchetti Gisele
Published: February 2023

Um dos principais dilemas enfrentados pela agricultura familiar está no controle sobre o processo em que esta desempenha suas atividades econômicas/produtivas. Uma das formas que permitem a construção de sistemas alimentares alternativos e seu efeito combinado, para facilitar uma transição sustentável, reside em novos arranjos que combinam a produção e o consumo. Nesse sentido, o modelo de negócio adotado pelos pequenos agricultores que integram o processamento e comercialização nas atividades agrícolas é uma das soluções para as dificuldades enfrentadas. O artigo avança neste cenário. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa, buscou-se verificar estas iniciativas adotadas pelos agricultores familiares em Tupanciretã-RS, que estão situados em um contexto produtivista, coordenado por agentes vinculados às cadeias de valor global, privilegiados por altos fatores produtivos, produzindo, desse modo, uma das maiores lavouras de soja do Rio Grande do Sul, identificada como a capital da soja. Entretanto, uma série de atividades econômicas/produtivas operadas pelas famílias agricultoras heterogeneízam um contexto marcado pela homogeneidade socioeconômica no município. Com isso, uma das diretrizes que os agricultores familiares adotam para aumentar o valor agregado encontra-se na produção interna e na orientação de mercado. Em suas estratégias econômico-produtivas, a agroindustrialização dos produtos em alimentos finais emprega técnicas peculiares inerentes às tradições e heranças dos agricultores que os produzem. Isso se traduz no método adotado, condensado em um alimento com atributos vinculados à aspectos coloniais, caseiros e artesanais, o qual se desassocia do imperativo modo de produção especializado e intensificado que é praticado no setor agrícola do município.
Capacidad de resiliencia de pequeños productores de arroz en Colombia y sus implicaciones para la Soberanía Alimentaria en el contexto pandémico
Authors: Torres Rivera Delta Argelia , Córdoba Cantero Robinson
Published: February 2023

El presente trabajo es resultado de la colaboración entre dos tesistas comprometidos con el campo latinoamericano, interesados en realizar un análisis de la capacidad de resiliencia de pequeños productores de arroz en Colombia y sus implicaciones para la Soberanía Alimentaria ante un escenario de vulnerabilidad marcado por los efectos del cambio climático y el Tratado de Libre Comercio en la actual coyuntura de pandemia y postpandemia.  Retomando los resultados del trabajo de tesis de maestría obtenidos mediante la metodología MESMIS aplicada con 50 arroceros del Departamento del Huila con base en el Enfoque de Medios de Vida Sostenibles (EMVS) y Marcos de Capitales de la Comunidad (MCC), se establecen puntos de resiliencia para tres tipos de productores y con base a algunos de los indicadores culturales de soberanía alimentaria obtenidos mediante la Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP) para tesis doctoral, se analizan las características de los tres eslabones del proceso productivo del arroz, con datos compartidos por los agricultores participantes sobre la realidad de su principal actividad económica para identificar los factores de dependencia y toma de decisiones, como pistas a considerarse para la construcción de la sostenibilidad del sistema al que pertenecen desde las realidades que viven y enfrentan cotidianamente.
Establishment yield and nutrient composition of four legumes as influenced by age of growth in a cool tropical climate at Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Akpensuen Theophilus Tersur , Timothy Namo Otsanjugu Aku
Published: February 2023

An experiment was conducted with 2 temperate (Trifolium pratense and T. repens) and 2 tropical (Stylosanthes guianensis and Centrosema molle syn. C. pubescens) forage legumes in an elevated tropical environment of Jos, Nigeria to determine the influence of age of growth on forage yield and nutrient concentrations in the establishment year. The experiment was a 4 harvest times (9, 13, 17 and 21 weeks after sowing; WAS) × 4 legume species (2 temperate and 2 tropical) factorial treatment arrangement in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications, conducted in the growing seasons of 2015 and again 2016. In 2015, S. guianensis produced highest (P<0.05) dry matter yield (8.2 t DM/ha), while T. pratense produced the highest yield (3.6 t DM/ha) in 2016. In both years leaf:stem ratio decreased significantly with age. In 2016 crude protein (CP) concentration declined in all species as age at harvest increased (P<0.05), while at any given age highest CP concentration occurred in T. repens and lowest in S. guianensis (P<0.05). At any age, concentration of calcium followed the pattern T. pratense>T. repens>C. molle>S. guianensis (P<0.05), while phosphorus concentration in forage declined with age at harvest with significant (P<0.05) differences only for tropical legumes. The detergent fiber concentrations (NDF and ADF) were higher in S. guianensis (P<0.05) at any harvest stage. Non-linear regression analysis suggested that these forage legumes, when planted in early June in this environment, could be harvested at the optimum stages of 15, 16, 18 and 21 WAS for T. pratense, T. repens, S. guianensis and C. molle, respectively. However, more studies, especially with earlier planting dates, need to be conducted on the temperate legumes to determine their full yield potential in this environment, especially over a wider range of seasonal conditions.
Analysis of minimal distance of AG-code associated with maximal curve of genus three
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Malygina Ekaterina S. , Kuninets Artem A. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Published: February 2023

A class of algebro-geometric codes associated with a maximal curve of the third kind is considered. Using the apparatus of functional fields, the type and degree of divisors involved in the construction of the code are established, under which the code is or is not an MDS code.
About uniqueness of the minimal 1-edge extension of hypercube Q4
Authors:   Saratov State University, Lobov Alexander A. , Abrosimov Mikhail B. ,   Saratov State University
Published: February 2023

One of the important properties of reliable computing systems is their fault tolerance. To study fault tolerance, you can use the apparatus of graph theory. Minimal edge extensions of a graph are considered, which are a model for studying the failure of links in a computing system. A graph G* = (V*,α*) with n vertices is called a minimal k-edge extension of an n-vertex graph G = (V, α) if the graph G is embedded in every graph obtained from G* by deleting any of its k edges and has the minimum possible number of edges. The hypercube Qn is a regular 2n-vertex graph of order n, which is the Cartesian product of n complete 2-vertex graphs K2. The hypercube is a common topology for building computing systems. Previously, a family of graphs Q*n was described, whose representatives for n>1 are minimal edge 1-extensions of the corresponding hypercubes. In this paper, we obtain an analytical proof of the uniqueness of minimal edge 1-extensions of hypercubes for n≤4 and establish a general property of an arbitrary minimal edge 1-extension of a hypercube Qn for n>2: it does not contain edges connecting vertices, the distance between which in the hypercube is equal to 2.
Pricing Process in Mexico: New Evidence on the Inflation Dynamics
Authors: Loría Díaz de Guzmán Eduardo Gilberto , Valdez Bonecchi Gustavo Javier , Robles Juárez Mario Alberto
Published: February 2023

We analyze the inflation dynamics in Mexico during inflation targeting period by a GMM estimate of the Hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve in its open and closed economy versions. We update and discuss previous results and expand the capacity of this tool to analyze inflationary dynamics by incorporating the exchange rate on labor costs. We find: a) robust evidence of adaptive and rational expectations; b) incorporating the exchange rate improves the inflation fit; c) this version of the Phillips Curve has strengthened since Great Recession, and e) expectations formation process changes during inflationary episodes according to the origin of shocks.
Mujeres emprendedoras en América Latina: El nivel educativo y la probabilidad de emprender
Authors: Serio Monserrat
Published: February 2023

Este trabajo analiza la influencia de la educación formal alcanzada por las mujeres de América Latina en la probabilidad de convertirse en emprendedoras. Para el estudio se utilizan datos del Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina (CAF) de la Encuesta de Talento Empresarial de 2012. Se estima para mujeres activas modelos de probabilidad de ser emprendedoras procurando ajustar por el sesgo de selección de educación utilizando variables instrumentales. También se ajusta por sesgo de auto-selección incluyendo mujeres inactivas en el modelo de Heckman de dos etapas. Los resultados sugieren para las mujeres una relación negativa entre el nivel educativo y la probabilidad de emprender. En particular, esto se observa con mayor fuerza en el caso de emprendedoras por necesidad y cuenta propistas.
Un estudio de los Determinantes de la decisión de financiación a gran escala: el caso de los Países de la Alianza del Pacífico
Authors: Vergara Garavito Judith Cecilia , Henao Rodríguez Sandra Patricia , Mosquera Valencia Mario Alberto
Published: February 2023

En los mercados existen dos formas de financiación a gran escala: emisión de deuda y créditos sindicados; los últimos han presentado un crecimiento importante en épocas recientes. Utilizando datos de Bloomberg, se investigaron los determinantes en la decisión de financiación entre una alternativa y otra, de 54 empresas que conforman la Alianza del Pacífico. Mediante modelos panel, con mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y un modelo probit con efectos aleatorios, se encontró que factores como el monto del crédito, el sector, la rentabilidad y el tamaño de las firmas juegan un papel importante en la decisión de tomar créditos sindicados. Conocer los determinantes en esta decisión es importante, pues permite a la administración de las firmas establecer cuáles aspectos deben considerar en el momento de decidir la alternativa de financiación. Este estudio constituye una primera aproximación al análisis del mercado de los créditos sindicados en los países emergentes de América Latina.
Impact of competition and voucher school subsidy law on education quality in Chile
Authors: Muñoz Mendoza Jorge Andrés , Veloso Ramos Carmen Lissette , Sepúlveda Yelpo Sandra María , Delgado Fuentealba Carlos Leandro , Fuentes Solís Rodrigo Alberto , Cornejo Saavedra Edinson Edgardo
Published: February 2023

We analyzed the effect of competition and the Preferential School Subsidies (SEP) Law on the quality of Chilean schools for the period 2000-2013. We use dynamic panel regressions, and we show that competition has a positive and non-linear effect on education quality. The initial positive effect of competition on education quality is not persistent and is reversed for high levels of competition. The impact of competition on education quality also depends on the administrative dependence of schools. The SEP Law increased education quality, but through competition the inequality between public and private schools deepened. These results are relevant for the design of public policies aimed at reducing inequality in Chilean education.
Are Pandemics Bad for Business?
Authors: Escobar Maria Antonia
Published: February 2023

The economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 contingency cannot be denied. Many authors have studied the effects of the sanitary emergency on labor force and the demand and supply of goods and services. This paper aims to understand the consequences of the shock to the economy caused by the pandemic, measured through mobility restrictions, in the business context. Using Google Mobility and The New York Times report, stay-at-home orders were used as a proxy for mobility restrictions. The effect of said restrictions on initial unemployment benefit claims and new business applications provides an insight into the change in people’s livelihoods. The difference-in-differences and event study methodologies were applied with data from 2010 to the third week of August 2020. The results indicate that the restrictions on mobility had a significant impact on both outcome variables. The effect on unemployment claims was still present at the time of this paper, while the behavior of new business applications was mostly affected for the first few weeks and then had a quick rebound.
¿Qué pasa con la educación durante una pandemia?
Authors: Estrada Barreto Pablo Andrés , Hincapié Acosta Juan Sebastián
Published: February 2023

En este artículo, presentamos los resultados de una investigación alrededor del cambio en el desempeño de los estudiantes de la Universidad EAFIT durante los dos semestres de 2020, comparado con cohortes estadísticamente similares, en 2019. Utilizando el método de Diferencias en Diferencias, encontramos que el desempeño durante la educación virtual de emergencia fue alrededor de 0,2 décimas mejor al presentado en períodos anteriores, medidas con base en la nota obtenida. Estos resultados son consistentes aun si distinguimos por ubicación geográfica, grupo económico y disciplina a la cual pertenece el estudiante. Discutimos estos resultados con entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a docentes, y análisis de encuestas de percepción dirigidas por la institución, para intentar entender el mecanismo que generó este cambio. Los resultados sugieren que este cambio se sustenta en capacidades de los estudiantes, medidas exitosas de la institución y aumento de metodologías colaborativas de evaluación.
Oráculos en pandemia: pronósticos del crecimiento económico colombiano en 2020
Authors: Lozada González Camilo Andrés , Perdomo Munévar John Mauro , Torres Pinzón Andrés Felipe
Published: February 2023

Pronosticar ha permitido que la disciplina económica gane poder y relevancia social, aunque también la ha expuesto al desprestigio público. En medio de la incertidumbre que ha configurado la COVID-19, estudiamos los determinantes de los pronósticos del crecimiento económico anual colombiano para el año 2020. Encontramos que la variabilidad de los pronósticos, que oscilan entre +0.7% y -13.8%, no depende de la evolución de la situación epidemiológica, ni de las características institucionales de quienes emiten los pronósticos. La variabilidad se explica principalmente por el promedio de los pronósticos anteriores más recientes y por la tasa de intervención del banco central.
Realidad, principios, utilidad y sistema en Roxin
Authors: Díez Ripollés José Luis
Published: February 2023

El presente estudio realiza una descripción crítica del sistema teleológico-funcional de Claus Roxin. Se muestra que se trata de un sistema que somete a la realidad sobre la que incide a un fuerte condicionamiento axiológico. Por otra parte, entre los valores implicados no predominan las directrices, esto es, valores finales o utilitarios, sino principios en sentido estricto, guiados por razones de corrección. En correspondencia, un análisis del contenido atribuido a las diversas categorías del delito pone de manifiesto que la teoría de los fines de la pena no es la referencia fundamental del citado sistema de responsabilidad. Por último, el sistema de responsabilidad penal roxiniano constituye una relativización del pensamiento sistemático a favor del pensamiento tópico.
Motivaciones y consecuencias de usar el escrache feminista como mecanismo de denuncia pública por parte de víctimas de violencia sexual en Colombia, un análisis crítico del sistema penal patriarcal
Authors: Castellanos Forero Maria Camila
Published: February 2023

En el presente texto, bajo una postura feminista crítica e incorporando un análisis redistributivo del derecho, realice un análisis cualitativo de 5 casos en los que mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual en Colombia decidieron acudir al escrache feminista comomecanismo de denuncia alternativo. En la investigación resalto el rol de la impunidad de hecho y de derecho a la que se enfrentan las mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual en el sistema penal patriarcal colombiano, demostrando además la compleja relación existente entre el derecho penal y las mujeres. Además, expongo cómo al hacer uso de tal mecanismo alternativo en una sociedad patriarcal, las mujeres quedamos expuestas a sanciones jurídicas y sociales revictimizantes. En este marco, propongo que el escrache sea una herramienta de cambio para visibilizar las falencias y carencias del sistema penal patriarcal, con el fin de intentar su reforma mediante la inclusión de nuestras voces, necesidades e intereses.
Derecho de corrección a menores
Authors: Luzón Peña Diego Manuel
Published: February 2023

El ejercicio del derecho de corrección al menor, para ser ejercicio “legítimo” y por tanto causa de justificación completa, ha de ser, en cualquiera de los castigos impuestos, adecuado, proporcionado a la entidad de la infracción y comedido, un “corregirmoderadamente”. Y para ser ejercicio legítimo, en virtud del principio de necesidad, también de base constitucional, la aplicación de la sanción ha de ser estrictamente necesaria para la finalidad educativa y correctora del menor o pupilo, y no lo será cuando se imponga directamente una sanción de cierta dureza sin haber probado antes la eficacia de advertencias o de sanciones más leves.
Apuntes sobre la responsabilidad (objetiva y por el hecho de otro) de la persona jurídica por los delitos cometidos por personas naturales integradas en su estructura. El caso peruano.
Authors: Alpaca Pérez Alfredo
Published: February 2023

La doctrina mayoritaria peruana considera que la Ley 30424 (que regula la así llamada «responsabilidad administrativa de la persona jurídica»), más allá de la denominación empleada, instaura un genuino régimen de responsabilidad penal de la persona jurídica en el Perú. El argumento ampliamente reiterado por ese extenso sector doctrinal consiste en que, debido a que esa responsabilidad tiene como motivo un delito y es declarada por un juez penal en el marco y con las garantías del proceso penal, entonces tiene naturaleza penal. Este estudio está orientado a brindar un planteamiento opuesto al descrito, con el objetivo de proponer que, en última instancia, la Ley 30424 instaura una responsabilidad que, por ser objetiva y por el hecho de otro, es de naturaleza civil y tiene su fundamento en el enriquecimiento injusto de la persona jurídica originado por un delito cometido por la persona natural, la que ha actuado en nombre de la persona jurídica o por su cuenta y en su beneficio directo o indirecto.
Examination of the valuation provisions of intangible assets within the framework of international valuation standards and Turkish financial reporting standards
Authors: Yucel Serkan
Published: February 2023

Purpuse- In this study, the valuation provisions of intangible assets within the scope of TAS-38, BOBI-FRS Section 14, KUMI-FRS Section 12, IVS-210 were compared.
Methodology- Content analysis method was used as a method in this study.
Findings-As a result of the examination, it has been seen that BOBI FRS Section 14 and KUMI FRS Section 12 are largely compatible with the valuation of intangible assets, and they have a more cost-based approach in order to facilitate the businesses within the scope of these standard sets. In TAS 38, on the other hand, it has been determined that the situations requiring the determination of "Fair Value" are more than the others. In addition to these standards, the IVS 210 standard, which has additional provisions regarding intangible assets from the standards published by the IVSC “International Valuation Standards Council”, is also discussed in the study. It has been understood that “Market approach”, “Income approach” and “Cost approach” can be applied in determining the fair value of intangible assets within the framework of IVS 210. However, it has been observed that, depending on the structure of the intangible asset, the application of the "Market approach" and "Income approach" is primarily desired, while the cost approach is recommended to be applied in mandatory situations.
Conclusion-As a result of the research, it has been seen that there are some differences between TMS38, BOBI FRS Section 14 and KÜMİ FRS Section 12. It has been determined that there are no valuation provisions in IDS 210, and the principles supporting the valuation are discussed.

Keywords: Intangible assets, TMS-38, BOBI-FRS Section 14, KUMI-FRS Section 12, IVS-210
JEL Codes: M40,M41
An overview on key digital assets of decentralized finance: cryptocurrency and NFT
Authors: Okatan Kagan
Published: February 2023

Purpose – The emergence of blockchain and decentralized financial technology have been reshaping various aspects of economies, opening a wider spectrum for research communities. In finance, Blockchain has provided effective applications such as tokens, initial coin offerings, crowdfunding, smart contracts, prediction market systems, and digital currencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. This article aims to provide a brief overview of these two types of digital assets (cryptocurrency and NFT) and their potential. It gives brief information about these and on the other hand, tries to convey the prominent concerns of the financial markets.
Methodology - This study reviews digital assets through the literature.
Findings - The growing popularity and prevalence of digital assets such as cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens reveals that existing financial ecosystems are in many cases unable to respond to citizens' needs and concerns. The capabilities of digital assets in financial markets are increasing day by day and they are entering the game from simple to complex financial transactions. Cryptocurrencies stand out especially with their ability to handle more efficient online transactions, lower costs and simplified payment processes.
Conclusion – Cryptocurrencies meet an increased level of efficiency in commerce and value exchange over the Internet. Non-fungible tokens, on the other hand, stand out with their ability to acquire a presence in the digital world, to be unique, and to be easily transferred. In particular, the financial indicators cited in this article give the impression that the interest in decentralized finance technologies will continue to increase, based on the potential of these two digital assets.

Keywords: Digital finance, blockchain, decentralized finance, information systems
JEL Codes: F00, F30, M00, O10
Post-IPO cash flow operating efficiency analysis of Borsa Istanbul firms
Authors: Onder Cengiz , Gurbuz Ali Osman
Published: February 2023

Purpose- Companies can offer their shares to the public through the capital increase method, the sale of existing shareholders’ shares method or a mixed method where both are combined. The aim of the study is to examine the post-IPO performance of 78 selected companies that were offered to the public in Borsa Istanbul during the period of 2005-2018, according to the public offering method. In the study, the efficiency ratios of cash flows obtained from the operations related to sales, assets, equity and total liabilities were used as the operating performance measure.
Methodology- The cash flow efficiency of the companies whose shares are publicly offered by using the capital increase method, the sale of existing shareholders’ shares method or the mixed method before the public offering and after the public offering was compared by using non-parametric tests.
Findings Compared to the IPO year and the year before the IPO, companies that applied rights issue and mixed methods have shown significant improvements in post-IPO cash flow efficiency. It is observed that post-IPO cash flow efficiency ratios deteriorated significantly in the sale of existing shareholders’ shares method.
Conclusion- Improvement in cash flow ratios of the companies that applied capital increase and mixed IPO methods, can be evaluated that after IPO these companies effectively manage their IPO money and contribute to their operating performance. On the other hand, the decreases in the cash flow efficiency ratios of the companies that applied existing share sale method, where any cash inflow does not occur, can be associated with the earnings management activities of these companies during IPO process.

Keywords: IPOs, operating performance, financial efficiency, nonparametric tests
JEL Codes: C14, G10, G11, G32
Investigation of the pandemic impact of companies operating in BIST-30 with cluster analysis in the context of financial performance indicators
Authors: Kocabiyik Ismail , Orman Ferhat , Kiyak Ozgur
Published: February 2023

Purpose- Financial performance indicators of the pandemic effect in companies operating in BIST-30 were grouped as pre-pandemic and pandemic period, and it was tried to determine whether there were clustering differences between companies by using the cluster analysis method.
Methodology- Within the scope of the study, financial performance indicators of current ratio, liquidity ratio, leverage ratio, return on equity, return on assets, net profit margin, equity/assets and current assets/assets of the companies operating in BIST-30 for the years 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were used. The data for 2018 and 2019 are grouped as pre-pandemic, while the data for 2020 and 2021 are grouped as the pandemic period. These indicators were obtained from Stockeys and KAP. Cluster analysis was applied to the data. Ward technique was used in cluster analysis. SPSS Statistics 22 program was used in the study.
Findings- In the cluster analysis conducted in the context of financial performance indicators, 3 clusters were identified before and during the pandemic. While companies operating in the mining sector were in one of the clusters before the pandemic, it was determined that the other clusters did not form a sectoral unity within themselves. While companies operating in the mining sector were located in one of the clusters formed during the pandemic period, companies operating in the transportation sector were clustered in the other cluster. It has been determined that the companies in the other cluster do not form a union on a sectoral basis.
Conclusion- As a result of the analysis, it was determined that companies operating in the mining sector were separated from other clusters before and during the pandemic. It has been determined that companies operating in the transportation sector have differentiated from other companies during the pandemic period and formed a new cluster. Except for the mining and transportation sectors, no difference was detected between the clusters before the pandemic and during the pandemic period. One of the reasons why the enterprises operating in the mining sector are in a separate cluster during the pandemic period can be considered as the increase in commodity prices during the pandemic period. The reason why companies operating in the transportation sector are in different clusters can be considered as the negative reflection of the closure of flights in the pandemic period on the balance sheet of the companies.

Keywords: Covid-19, financial performance, cluster analysis
JEL Codes: I19, G14 ,C38
Examination of credit balloons during the Covid-19 pandemic process: a study on the Turkish banking sector
Authors: Sezal Levent
Published: February 2023

Purpose- Banks are one of the most important players in the financial system, which collects the idle funds of the savers and gives loans to the people in need of financing. Banks contribute to economic development and employment by supporting consumption, investment and production with the loans they give. The covid-19 pandemic, which emerged as of the beginning of 2020, has affected all countries socially, culturally and economically. The measures taken to stop the spread of the pandemic caused deterioration in the country's economies. The pandemic caused the supply and demand balance in the economies to deteriorate and increased the liquidity risk of the sectors. This situation experienced by the sectors especially affected banks and credit processes. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the domestic credit volumes of the Turkish banking sector during the covid-19 pandemic period, in the period of March/2020-November/2022, contain a bubble.
Methodology- The weekly frequency data set was used in the study. Since the Turkish banking sector loan disbursement volumes are published weekly by the BRSA, the data set is handled on a weekly basis. In the study, the GSADF method was applied to detect the bubbles in the domestic credit volume of the Turkish banking sector. GSADF tests are iterative right-tailed unit root tests. In the study, commercial and other loan disbursement volumes and consumer loan volumes of the banking sector were used as variables. Housing, vehicle and consumer loans are included in consumer loan volumes.
Findings- According to the results of the study, 2 bubble movements were detected in the commercial loan and other loan variable and 3 bubble movements in the consumer loans variable at the 1% significance level. It is observed that the third bubble in consumer loans still continues as of November/2022.
Conclusion- It is thought that the precautionary packages taken by the economy management to limit the economic and financial effects of covid-19 create credit bubbles. In addition to the support loans provided by public banks to the real sector and exporting companies, interest-free loans to low-income segments on the individual side fueled the formation of a bubble. In this situation, it is thought that the need for cash of people has increased rapidly with the prolongation of the pandemic, and the unemployment of individuals in this process or the decrease in their monthly income may have increased their loan demands. In addition, it is assumed that the successive interest rate cuts made by the Central Bank cause the formation of foam, as the companies borrow in TL and return to foreign currency and turn to commodities to protect themselves against price increases.

Keywords: Banking sector, credit balloons, bank credits, GSADF test
JEL Codes: G00, G21, C58