bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ERROR ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS WRITTEN BY NON‐NATIVE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH
Authors: Marina Valerija , Snuviškiene Genovaite
Published: February 2019

The paper presents linguistic error analysis of articles written by non‐native speakers of English which were published in the journal ‘Transport’ in 2003–2004. The errors were identified, classified and analysed from various perspectives. The main causes of language misuse were also identified and explained within the framework of the theory of linguistic relativity and laws of interference of the native language of the learners. The analysis is aimed at building competence of technical writers in the English language used in scientific papers. The results obtained in the investigation allowed the authors to provide some recommendations to technical writers as to improving the proficiency in scientific English.
Multicomponent Kinematics in a Massive Filamentary Infrared Dark Cloud
Authors: Sokolov Vlas , Wang Ke , Pineda Jaime E. , Caselli Paola , Henshaw Jonathan D. , Barnes Ashley T. , Tan Jonathan C. , Fontani Francesco , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun
Published: February 2019

To probe the initial conditions for high-mass star and cluster formation, we investigate the properties of dense filaments within the infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G035.39–00.33 (G035.39) in a combined Very Large Array and Green Bank Telescope mosaic tracing the NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) emission down to 0.08 pc scales. Using agglomerative hierarchical clustering on multiple line-of-sight velocity component fitting results, we identify seven extended velocity-coherent components in our data, likely representing spatially coherent physical structures, some exhibiting complex gas motions. The velocity gradient magnitude distribution peaks at its mode of 0.35

and has a long tail extending into higher values of 1.5–2

, and it is generally consistent with those found toward the same cloud in other molecular tracers and with the values found toward nearby low-mass dense cloud cores at the same scales. Contrary to observational and theoretical expectations, we find the nonthermal ammonia line widths to be systematically narrower (by about 20%) than those of N2H+ (1–0) line transition observed with similar resolution. If the observed ordered velocity gradients represent the core envelope solid-body rotation, we estimate the specific angular momentum to be about 2 × 1021 cm2 s−1, similar to the low-mass star-forming cores. Together with the previous finding of subsonic motions in G035.39, our results demonstrate high levels of similarity between kinematics of a high-mass star-forming IRDC and the low-mass star formation regime.
Observational Constraints on Late-time Radio Rebrightening of GRB/Supernovae
Authors: Peters Charee , Horst Alexander J. van der , Chomiuk Laura , Kathirgamaraju Adithan , Duran Rodolfo Barniol , Giannios Dimitrios , Reynolds Cormac , Paragi Zsolt , Wilcots Eric
Published: February 2019

We present a search for late-time rebrightening of radio emission from three supernovae (SNe) with associated gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). It has been previously proposed that the unusually energetic SNe associated with GRBs should enter the Sedov–Taylor phase decades after the stellar explosion, and this SN “remnant” emission will outshine the GRB radio afterglow and be detectable at significant distances. We place deep limits on the radio luminosity of GRB 980425/SN 1998bw, GRB 030329/SN 2003dh, and GRB 060218/SN 2006aj, 10–18 yr after explosion, with our deepest limit being L

ν
< 4 × 1026 erg s−1 Hz−1 for GRB 980425/SN 1998bw. We put constraints on the density of the surrounding medium for various assumed values of the microphysical parameters related to the magnetic field and synchrotron-emitting electrons. For GRB 060218/SN 2006aj and GRB 980425/SN 1998bw, these density limits have implications for the density profile of the surrounding medium, while the nondetection of GRB 030329/SN 2003dh implies that its afterglow will not be detectable anymore at gigahertz frequencies.
The Influence of H2O Pressure Broadening in High-metallicity Exoplanet Atmospheres
Authors: Gharib-Nezhad Ehsan , Line Michael R.
Published: February 2019

Planet formation models suggest broad compositional diversity in the sub-Neptune/super-Earth regime, with a high likelihood for large atmospheric metal content (≥100× Solar). With this comes the prevalence of numerous plausible bulk atmospheric constituents including N2, CO2, H2O, CO, and CH4. Given this compositional diversity there is a critical need to investigate the influence of the background gas on the broadening of the molecular absorption cross sections and the subsequent influence on observed spectra. This broadening can become significant and the common H2/He or “air” broadening assumptions are no longer appropriate. In this work, we investigate the role of water self-broadening on the emission and transmission spectra as well as on the vertical energy balance in representative sub-Neptune/super-Earth atmospheres. We find that the choice of the broadener species can result in a 10 s of parts-per-million difference in the observed transmission and emission spectra and can significantly alter the one-dimensional vertical temperature structure of the atmosphere. Choosing the correct background broadener is critical to the proper modeling and interpretation of transit spectra observations in high-metallicity regimes, especially in the era of higher-precision telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope.
Quels sont les facteurs de migration multiple en Europe ? Les migrations sénégalaises entre la France, l’Italie et l’Espagne
Authors: Toma Sorana , Castagnone Eleonora , Richou Camille
Published: February 2019

La migration multiple – le fait de quitter le pays de destination afin de se rendre dans un pays tiers – est un phénomène sous-étudié. Elle remet en question l’idée selon laquelle la migration est un événement unique aboutissant à une installation permanente dans le pays de destination. En s’appuyant sur une étude récente effectuée sur plusieurs sites de la migration entre le Sénégal d’une part et la France, l’Italie et l’Espagne d’autre part, cet article examine les facteurs de remigration à l’intérieur de l’Europe. La nature biographique des données permet d’adopter une perspective fondée sur les parcours de vie et d’analyser, dans le cadre d’un modèle biographique en temps discret, la manière dont les processus d’intégration économiques, juridiques et sociaux du pays de destination façonnent les trajectoires de mobilité. Les résultats montrent que les travailleurs peu qualifiés, indépendants ou sans emploi, ainsi que ceux qui ne disposent pas de permis de séjour de longue durée sont les plus susceptibles de migrer à nouveau. En outre, le fait d’avoir des proches ou des amis dans le pays d’accueil décourage une nouvelle migration, tandis que la présence de liens sociaux dans d’autres pays européens constitue l’un des moteurs de la poursuite de la mobilité en Europe.
Fécondité et niveau d’instruction des femmes pendant le socialisme d’État en Europe centrale et orientale
Authors: Brzozowska Zuzanna , Festy Patrick
Published: February 2019

Cet article analyse l’évolution de la descendance finale des femmes nées entre 1916 et 1960 dans sept pays d’Europe centrale et orientale (Croatie, République tchèque, Hongrie, Pologne, Roumanie, Slovaquie et Slovénie). L’effet de l’élévation du niveau d’instruction sur la fécondité des cohortes est analysé en tenant compte de l’infécondité et des naissances de rang élevé à l’aide des méthodes de décomposition et de standardisation appliquées aux données issues des recensements entre 1980 et 2000. Le recul de la fécondité des cohortes résulte de l’augmentation du niveau d’instruction d’une part et de la réduction du nombre de naissances de rang élevé d’autre part. Ces deux effets négatifs sont partiellement contrebalancés par la diminution de la proportion de femmes sans enfant. L’analyse montre que les évolutions de la fécondité des cohortes ont été largement partagées dans les différents pays, malgré des différences d’intensité. Il ne semble pas exister de tendance de fécondité spécifique aux pays socialistes, excepté la proportion de femmes sans enfant qui continue de diminuer (alors qu’elle augmente dans les pays occidentaux pour les femmes nées après 1940). En Roumanie, Pologne et Hongrie, la politique fortement pronataliste a pu ralentir la baisse des parités de rang élevé.
L’évolution démographique récente de la France : de forts contrastes départementaux
Authors: Breton Didier , Barbieri Magali , d’Albis Hippolyte , Mazuy Magali
Published: February 2019

Au premier janvier 2017, la France comptait près de 67 millions d’habitants, soit un accroissement annuel de 4,0 ‰. L’indice conjoncturel de fécondité poursuit sa baisse en 2016, notamment chez les femmes de 25 à 29 ans, groupe d’âges dans lequel la fécondité est la plus forte. Le nombre de titres de séjour délivrés augmente légèrement et est à son plus haut niveau depuis 1998. Les ressortissants bénéficiant de ces titres représentent 0,32 % de la population française au 1 er janvier 2015 (contre 0,30 % en 2014). Le nombre de mariages continue de baisser pour les couples hétérosexuels et les couples de même sexe, alors que les pacs augmentent. Les couples mixtes, composés d’un conjoint de nationalité française et l’autre de nationalité étrangère (18 % du total des unions) se distinguent par un plus grand écart d’âge entre conjoints. En 2016, la mortalité recule de nouveau après une année 2015 marquée par une épidémie de grippe. L’écart d’espérance de vie entre les femmes et les hommes diminue encore et atteint 6,1 ans en 2016. D’un département à l’autre, les comportements démographiques présentent de fortes disparités, probable reflet d’inégalités sociales et économiques des territoires, ainsi que géographiques (départements frontaliers) et culturelles (mortalité et nuptialité).
L’acceptabilité de la déclaration d’informations identifiantes dans une enquête transversale en population générale
Authors: Legleye Stéphane , Richard Jean-Baptiste , Rey Grégoire , Beck François
Published: February 2019

Les enquêtes téléphoniques en population générale sont indispensables à la description des comportements de santé de la population. Nous avons testé la faisabilité de la demande de deux types de données identifiantes permettant des appariements à des données administratives et médico-administratives dans le Baromètre santé 2014 de Santé publique France : le NIR, numéro d’inscription au répertoire (dit de Sécurité sociale), et les coordonnées de naissance (CDN) comme les nom, prénom, date et lieu de naissance. Chacune était adressée à un sous-échantillon aléatoire de plus de 3000 répondants. L’étude ne portait pas sur la fourniture réelle de ces identifiants mais sur l’intention de le faire. Davantage de personnes accepteraient de communiquer leurs CDN plutôt que leur NIR (51,9 % vs 34,9 %). Les hommes accepteraient plus fréquemment ces propositions et il existe un gradient social au profit des plus diplômés et des cadres (NIR) ou des revenus élevés (NIR et CDN). Les personnes interrogées via un téléphone mobile acceptent moins souvent ces propositions, alors que c’est l’inverse pour celles déclarant des maladies chroniques ou des limitations fonctionnelles, sédentaires, buvant quotidiennement de l’alcool ou s’estimant en mauvaise santé. Les modalités pratiques restent à tester lors d’une prochaine enquête.
Comment la Bible parle-t-elle des normes ?
Authors: Carrière Jean-Marie
Published: February 2019

L’article examine la question de la norme dans la Bible à partir de quelques corpus, du côté du droit et du côté de la sagesse : les prophètes, avec l’expression « droit et justice » ; la charte des Dix Paroles ; le livre du Siracide et le Ps 119. Dans l’Ancien Testament biblique, si des règles sont explicitement énoncées, les normes n’ont pas toujours un contenu formulé, et ne bénéficient pas nécessairement d’une justification rationnelle. Surgissant au sein de situations de parole où elles acquièrent leur pertinence, elles n’ont pas besoin d’une formulation pour que jouent leur effectivité et leur autorité. Car il convient aussi de les chercher et de les trouver pour en vivre.
Visualization of the Retinal Image in an Eye Model With Spherical and Aspheric, Diffractive, and Refractive Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Terwee Thom , Weeber Henk , van der Mooren Marrie , Piers Patricia
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

To present a method that visually demonstrates how spherical, aspheric, diffractive, and refractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) process light received from the cornea.

Methods:

Monochromatic green light was projected through an Average Cornea Eye (ACE) Model with a cornea in front of the IOL. The model simulates a human cornea with average spherical aberration and visualizes the converging bundle of light leaving the IOL. Additionally, a US Air Force target was projected through the model, and the projected (retinal) image was captured. Various IOLs of differing designs were evaluated using this test setup. Multifocal IOLs included the aspheric diffractive Tecnis ZM900 and ZMA00 lenses; the refractive ReZoom NXG1 lens; the spherical AcrySof ReSTOR SA60D3 apodized diffractive lens; and the spherical diffractive CeeOn 811E lens. Monofocal IOLs included the spherical CeeOnEdge 911A IOL and the aspheric SofPort LI61AO, AcrySof IQ SN60WF, and Tecnis Z9000 and ZA9003 IOLs.

Results:

The light paths of the different diffractive and refractive multifocal IOLs showed the variations in the processing of incoming light, illustrating the functional differences of IOL concepts. The US Air Force target projections in the ACE Model gave an impression of the functional optical quality of the different lenses. The value of this visualization method was demonstrated by comparing the results with modulation transfer function measurements.

Conclusions:

This visualization technique furthers the understanding of the working principles and quality of the retinal images produced by different mono- and multifocal IOLs. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:223–232.]
Practical Learning in Virtual Worlds: Confronting Literature with Health Educators’ Perspectives
Authors: Dagleish Kate , Laurenson Mary
Published: February 2019

In a radically changing educational world with rapid technological advances, educators need to adapt to new learning styles. This study investigates the use of Second Life (SL) within the Virtual World (VW) environment by healthcare educators as a method to enhance teaching and learning.A case study design ascertained the views of healthcare educators to determine relationship variables of VW SL initiatives.The findings reveal healthcare educators had limited expertise in using SL, but recognised its usefulness in bridging the theory/practice gap especially for nursing and midwifery training. The findings confirmed educators’ confusion between VW and Web 2.0 / 3.0 technologies and recommends increasing technological competency. It highlighted educators’ professional expertise of care standards in real-life situations but demonstrated a competency issue in their pedagogical style to deliver SL practice scenarios. Consequently, opportunities for developing critical thinking through SL scenarios remain stilted and solutions through problem-based learning scenarios remain underdeveloped.
Zeroes of Polynomials With Prime Inputs and Schmidt’s -invariant
Authors: Xiao Stanley Yao , Yamagishi Shuntaro
Published: February 2019

In this paper we show that a polynomial equation admits infinitely many prime-tuple solutions, assuming only that the equation satisfies suitable local conditions and the polynomial is sufficiently non-degenerate algebraically. Our notion of algebraic non-degeneracy is related to the $h$-invariant introduced by W. M. Schmidt. Our results prove a conjecture by B. Cook and Á. Magyar for hypersurfaces of degree 3.
Malaria Severity in Mangaluru City in the Southwestern Coastal Region of India
Authors: Dayanand Kiran K. , Kishore Punnath , Chandrashekar Valleesha , Achur Rajeshwara N. , Ghosh Susanta K. , Kakkilaya Srinivas B. , Kumari Suchetha N. , Tiwari Satyanarayan , Boloor Archith , Devi Rajeshwari , Gowda D. Channe
Published: February 2019

Dakshina Kannada district in the Southwestern region of Karnataka state, India, including Mangaluru city is endemic to malaria. About 80% of malaria infections in Mangaluru and its surrounding areas are caused by Plasmodium vivax and the remainder is due to Plasmodium falciparum. Malaria-associated clinical complications significantly occur in this region. Here, we report the pathological conditions of 41 cases of fatal severe malaria, admitted to the district government hospital in Mangaluru city during January 2013 through December 2016. The results of clinical, hematological, and biochemical analyses showed that most of these severe malaria cases were associated with thrombocytopenia, anemia, metabolic acidosis, acute respiratory distress, and single or multi-organ dysfunction involving liver, kidney, and brain. Of the 41 fatal malaria cases, 24, 10, and seven patients had P. vivax, P. falciparum, and P. vivax and P. falciparum mixed infections, respectively. These data suggest that besides P. falciparum that is known to extensively cause severe and fatal malaria illnesses, P. vivax causes fatal illnesses substantially in this region, an observation that is consistent with recent findings in other regions.
Tax expenditure and the treatment of tax incentives for investment
Authors: Redonda Agustin , de Sarralde Santiago Diaz , Hallerberg Mark , Johnson Lise , Melamud Ariel , Rozemberg Ricardo , Schwab Jakob , von Haldenwang Christian
Published: February 2019

Governments use tax expenditures to boost investment, innovation and employment. However, these schemes are largely opaque, costly and often ineffective in reaching their stated goals. They also frequently trigger unwanted side effects. In order to improve the performance of these tools, the authors present three concrete policy proposals: First, governments should increase transparency on tax benefits. G20 members should take the lead on this with frequent and comprehensive tax expenditure reports. Second, G20 governments should improve the design of tax incentives with the aim of minimizing the generation of windfall profits and negative spillover effects within and across (in particular, on poorer) countries. Third, governments should phase out tax expenditures that are environmentally harmful, including tax incentives for fossil fuels and other schemes that promote an unsustainable use of natural resources.
In-situ constraints on the vertical distribution of global aerosol
Authors: Watson-Parris Duncan , Schutgens Nick , Reddington Carly , Pringle Kirsty J. , Liu Dantong , Allan James D. , Coe Hugh , Carslaw Ken S. , Stier Philip
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Despite ongoing efforts, the vertical distribution of aerosols globally is poorly understood. This in turn leads to large uncertainties in the contributions of the direct and indirect aerosol forcing on climate. Using the Global Aerosol Synthesis and Science Project (GASSP) database – the largest synthesised collection of in-situ aircraft measurements currently available, with more than 1000 flights from 37 campaigns from around the world – we investigate the vertical structure of sub-micron aerosols across a wide range of regions and environments. The application of this unique dataset to assess the vertical distributions of number size distribution and Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) in the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM reveals that the model underestimates accumulation mode particles in the upper troposphere, especially in remote regions. The processes underlying this discrepancy are explored using different aerosol microphysical schemes and a process sensitivity analysis. These show that the biases are predominantly related to aerosol ageing and removal rather than emissions.
Winter 2018 major sudden stratospheric warming impact on midlatitude mesosphere from microwave radiometer measurements
Authors: Wang Yuke , Shulga Valery , Milinevsky Gennadi , Patoka Aleksey , Evtushevsky Oleksandr , Klekociuk Andrew , Han Wei , Grytsai Asen , Shulga Dmitry , Myshenko Valery , Antyufeyev Oleksandr
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The impact of a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the Arctic in February 2018 on the mid-latitude mesosphere was investigated by performing microwave radiometer measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and zonal wind above Kharkiv, Ukraine (50.0° N, 36.3° E). The mesospheric peculiarities of this SSW event were observed using recently designed and installed microwave radiometer in East Europe for the first time. The data from the ERA-Interim and NCEP–NCAR reanalyses, as well as the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder measurements, have been also used. Microwave observations of the daily CO profiles in January–March 2018 allowed retrieving mesospheric zonal wind at 70–85 km (below the winter mesopause) over the Kharkiv site. The reverse of the mesospheric westerly from about 10 m s−1 to the easterly wind of about −10 m s−1 around 10 February has been registered. Local microwave observations in the NH midlatitudes combined with reanalysis data show wide ranges of daily variability in CO, zonal wind, temperature and geopotential height in the mesosphere and stratosphere during the SSW 2018. Oscillations in the vertical CO profile, zonal wind, and geopotential height during the SSW, stratopause disappearance after the SSW onset and strong CO and westerly wind peaks at the start of the SSW recovery phase have been observed. The observed CO variability can be explained by vertical and horizontal air mass redistribution due to planetary wave activity with the replacement of the CO-rich air by CO-poor air and vice versa, in agreement with other studies. The results of microwave measurements of CO and zonal wind in the midlatitude mesosphere at 70–85 km altitudes, which still is not adequately covered by ground-based observations, are useful for improving our understanding of the SSW impacts in this region.
Uniaxial compression of calcite single crystals at room temperature: insights into twinning activation and development
Authors: Parlangeau Camille , Dimanov Alexandre , Lacombe Olivier , Hallais Simon , Daniel Jean-Marc
Published: February 2019

Abstract. E-twinning is a common plastic deformation mechanism in calcite
deformed at low temperature. Strain rate, temperature and confining pressure
have negligible effects on twinning activation which is mainly dependent on
differential stress. The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) required for
twinning activation is dependent on grain size and strain hardening. This
CRSS value may obey the Hall–Petch relation, but due to sparse experimental
data its actual evolution with grain size and strain still remains a matter
of debate. In order to provide additional constraints on twinning activation and
development, new mechanical tests were carried out at room temperature on
unconfined single crystals of calcite, with different sizes and
crystallographic orientations. Uniaxial deformation was performed at a
controlled displacement rate, while the sample surface was monitored using
optical microscopy and a high-resolution CCD (charge-coupled device) camera. The retrieved macroscopic
stress–strain behavior of the crystals was correlated with the surface
observations of the deformation process. Results show (1) the onset of crystal plasticity with the activation of the
first isolated mechanical twins during the strain hardening stage, and
(2) the densification and thickening of twin lamellae during the steady-state
flow stress stage. Such thickening of twin lamellae at room temperature
emphasizes that calcite twin morphology is not controlled solely by
temperature. The different values for the CRSS obtained for the activation of
isolated twins and for the onset of twin densification and thickening
raises questions regarding the appropriate value to be considered when using calcite twin data
for stress inversion purposes.
NATURAL RUBBER/MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE COMPOSITES WITH EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER AS COMPATIBILIZER
Authors: Roy Kumarjyoti , Debnath Subhas Chandra , Pongwisuthiruchte Aphiwat , Potiyaraj Pranut
Published: February 2019

An exploration of the effect of epoxidized NR with 50 mole% epoxide groups (ENR-50) as compatibilizer on the rubber–filler interaction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)-filled NR composites was conducted. The compatibilizing efficiency of ENR-50 was systematically examined in terms of cure and mechanical and thermal properties of NR/MCC composites. ENR-50 compatibilized NR/MCC composites showed moderate enhancement in the maximum rheometric torque and tensile properties compared to either uncompatibilized NR/MCC composite or unfilled NR system. The solvent uptake measurements indicated improved interfacial interaction between NR matrix and MCC in presence of ENR-50 as compatibilizer. A thermogravimetric analysis confirmed excellent improvement in the thermal stability of NR/MCC composite in the presence of ENR-50 as compatibilizer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to explain the probable mechanism of interaction between NR matrix and MCC in the presence of ENR-50.
Economic profitability of agroforestry in nitrate vulnerable zones in Catalonia (NE Spain)
Authors: Blanc Simone , Gasol Carles M. , Martínez-Blanco Julia , Muñoz Pere , Coello Jaime , Casals Pere , Mosso Angela , Brun Filippo
Published: February 2019

The impact of agricultural practices and the excess application of nitrogen can negatively impact the environment and cause human health problems. In Spain, the liquid manure applied in areas of intensive agriculture is creating groundwater nitrate pollution problems. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the economic profitability of agroforestry practices in North East Spain. Therefore, it deals with an alternative land use that has attracted attention in recent years, considering its potential to reduce the negative impact of modern agriculture that combines concurrent forestry and agricultural production in the same area. Specifically, silvoarable practices, such as alley cropping (AC), edge row planting and riparian buffer (RB) strips were compared to conventional agricultural land use. Considering the current agricultural policy framework in Spain, which does not favour these practices, our results showed the economic profitability of alley-cropping practices in comparison to conventional barley production of 25 to 64 € ha-1 yr-1. However, AC systems presented negative results compared to the traditional wheat crop (-122 to -63 € ha-1 yr-1). The results for RB strips were strongly influenced by the high initial costs, both in irrigated and non-irrigated scenarios. Economic results were negative (between -137 and -85 € ha-1 yr-1) compared to the conventional crops, barley and corn. These figures could be greatly increased with a policy framework that promotes these practices based on the fundamental ecosystem services they provide. Moreover, these practices allow an economic diversification that could prove to be beneficial for the majority of farmers.
Kunsten å opprøre: Faraonisk symbolbruk i revolusjonær egyptisk gatekunst
Authors: Sveian Hanne
Published: February 2019

Gatekunst ble en sentral del av protestbildet i Egypt under revolusjonen fra 2011. Mange av verkene bar preg av faraonisk symbolikk. Hvorfor ble den gammelegyptiske arven aktivt brukt i denne brytningstidens opprørskunst?
Fra motstand til statsbygging: Det palestinske sivilsamfunnets nye rolle
Authors: Johnsen Erling Hess
Published: February 2019

Hvordan påvirker bistand sivilsamfunnet? Med det amerikanske bistandsbyrået USAID (United States Agency for International Development) som case, belyser artikkelen hvordan det palestinske sivilsamfunnet er blitt dratt inn i et giverdrevet statsbyggingsprosjekt, og diskuterer hvordan dette har svekket sivilsamfunnets muligheter for å yte motstand mot den israelske okkupasjonen.
Praktfulle emirer og melkepatriotisme: Qatar i krise, forestilt fellesskap og hverdagsnasjonalisme
Authors: Lysa Charlotte , Norbakk Mari
Published: February 2019

I ukene etter at Saudi-Arabia, De forente arabiske emirater, Bahrain og Egypt innførte en storstilt boikott av Qatar, har en voldsom og personfokusert nasjonalisme blomstret opp i det lille landet. Toppdrevet regimedyrking er ikke nytt i arabiske land. At den enorme andelen expats blir dens fremste drivkraft er derimot et fenomen verdt å se nærmere på.
Alexandrias små kirkesamfunn. Giftemål og selvposisjonering blant lokale kristne
Authors: Kårtveit Bård
Published: February 2019

I perioden 1880-1950 var Alexandria kjent som et multikulturelt møtested og hjem til en rekke kirkesamfunn med ulike språk, kulturelle tradisjoner og historisk opphav. Flere av disse samfunnene holder på å forsvinne, eller bli for små til å opprettholde en selvstendig eksistens. De som er igjen, må tenke nytt rundt sin egen identitet og sine egne sosiale grenser som kristne i Alexandria.
Religiøs autoritet og tynnslitt stat. Valgkamp i sjia-Irak
Authors: Selvik Kjetil
Published: February 2019

Religiøs autoritet er politisk valuta i Irak. Hvordan brukes den når setene i landets nasjonalforsamling står til valg?
Stat, nasjon og arabisk språk. Ideologi og praksis i endring
Authors: Mejdell Gunvor
Published: February 2019

Min gode venn og kollega gjennom mange år, Nils Butenschøn, har værtopptatt av forholdet mellom stat og medborgere (citizens), makt og legitimitet i det arabiske Midtøsten. I denne artikkelen tar jeg opp forhold knyttet til språk og «arabiskhet».
Borgernes stemme. Populærkultur, språk og politikk i den arabiske verdenen
Authors: Høigilt Jacob
Published: February 2019

Folkelig kultur kan spille en viktig politisk rolle som et korrektiv til elitenesautoritære impulser. I Egypt inntok tegneserier for voksne og satirisk litteratur denne funksjonen i tiden før og under revolusjonen i 2011. Å forstå disse kulturproduktene er derfor nyttig når vi ønsker å forstå den kulturelle dynamikken bak revolusjonen.
Toda terra é Karbala, todo dia é Ashura: a pedagogia do martírio nas narrativas xiitas e a construção de uma identidade de resistência. 2018. Tese (Doutorado) – Programa de Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG
Authors: Prado Patrícia Simone do
Published: February 2019

Propõe-se nesta tese analisar como as narrativas sobre o martírio de Imam Hussein no deserto de Karbala no ano 680 d.C, pode constituir um tipo de pedagogia, entre os xiitas, e como essa pode influenciar a construção de um tipo de identidade entre eles. Estruturada em cinco capítulos, buscou-se compreender e interpretar a construção da identidade xiita, como religiosa e política, a partir do ensino e aprendizagem da narrativa sobre o martírio de Imam Hussein. Através da pesquisa de campo no Brasil e no Líbano, objetivou-se verificar e compreender como a comunidade xiita ensina e aprende sobre o martírio ocorrido em Karbala. Utilizando-se da metodologia da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (Grounded Theory) verificou-se, através da observação participante e de entrevistas semiestruturas, as mobilizações e desdobramentos que o ensino da narrativa sobre o martírio de Imam Hussein gera nessas comunidades. As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram norteadas por três eixos temáticos: 1) a respeito do aprendizado sobre o martírio de Imam Hussein; 2) a respeito do conceito de martírio no Islã; 3) a respeito da importância da narrativa sobre o martírio de Imam Hussein para a comunidade muçulmana xiita e para a sociedade em geral. As entrevistas e as observações do tipo participante foram realizadas na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu, no Brasil, e, no Líbano, na cidade de Beirute e na Aldeia de Mhabib. Família, religião e escola, foram as três instituições de formação de longa duração escolhidas para observação e análise sobre o ensino e aprendizagem dessa narrativa. Interpretou-se que, no momento da lembrança do martírio de Imam Hussein, seja através da celebração anual de seu martírio (Ashura), seja através do ensino compartilhado, ocorre uma identificação com o sofrimento de Imam Hussein que leva à manutenção e preservação de valores contidos na narrativa. Tais valores são a base para a identificação do grupo, de forma religiosa como xiitas e política como resistentes. Compreendeu-se nessa pesquisa que as três instituições são responsáveis pelo ensino e manutenção dessa narrativa, sendo a instituição família, a primeira instituição a compartilhar e manter esse ensino. Conclui-se que as narrativas sobre o martírio de Imam Hussein e seus companheiros influenciam na construção de um determinado tipo de identidade que se apresenta como religiosa e política. Apesar das distintas formas de ensino e apreensão da narrativa sobre o martírio, pode-se dizer que há uma base comum que permite a utilização dessa como conteúdo pedagógico que alimenta a construção de práticas que dão forma a identidade(s) específica(s).
Uma confissão
Authors: Ritz Claudia Danielle Andrade
Published: February 2019

Resenha.TOLSTÓI, Liev. Uma confissão. São Paulo: Mundo Cristão, 2017. 128 p. ISBN 978-85-433-0183-9.
Tomás de Aquino e Paulo Freire: pioneiros da inteligência, mestres geniais da educação nas viradas da história.
Authors: Gustsack Felipe
Published: February 2019

Resenha:JOSAPHAT, Carlos. Tomás de Aquino e Paulo Freire: pioneiros da inteligência, mestres geniais da educação nas viradas da história. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2016.ISBN 978-85-349-4303-1.
Reflexões sobre as burguesias sul-americanas e a integração regional
Authors: Fuser Igor
Published: February 2019

O chamado "ciclo" de governos progressistas na América do Sul foi acompanhado de um conjunto de iniciativas de integração regional, como a Unasul, a Celac e a reorientação do Mercosul em um sentido mais voltado para a autonomia, o desenvolvimento e a redução das desigualdades sociais. Esses projetos, que entraram em uma fase de retrocesso após a ascensão de governos de direita no Brasil e na Argentina, enfrentaram desde o início graves obstáculos, responsáveis pelas debilidades em sua implantação. O artigo sustenta que os limites dos processos integracionistas sul-americanos se devem à hostilidade das burguesias locais em cada um dos países envolvidos perante um projeto político regional divergente em relação às diretrizes neoliberais do capitalismo global e contrário à hegemonia dos Estados Unidos na região. Especialmente nos dois países sul-americanos mais importantes, Brasil e Argentina, o empresariado adotou uma postura de oposição a qualquer elemento dos projetos integracionistas que o afastassem dos marcos restritos do livre-comércio, o que inviabilizou os objetivos mais abrangentes que nortearam a conduta dos governos progressistas nessa área.
Ameaça externa e o sistema de educação na construção do nacionalismo chinês
Authors: Gonçalves de Oliveira Alana Camoça , De Morais Isabela Nogueira
Published: February 2019

A China emergiu no século XXI como uma grande potência econômica e passou a influenciar as agendas de tomada de decisão no cenário internacional. Há inúmeros fatores que dão forma ao processo de promoção da coesão nacional e de projeção de poder, e nesse artigo argumenta-se que o nacionalismo tem tido um papel central na formatação de várias políticas domésticas e externas. Nosso objetivo é compreender o processo de construção e reafirmação do nacionalismo chinês através de uma análise que combine elementos internos e externos. Do ponto de vista interno, analisa-se o principal pilar que constitui a tentativa de construção de um Estado de bem-estar social na China – a educação. Busca-se compreender quais valores regem e norteiam os princípios educacionais do Estado chinês, como eles são difundidos através do sistema educacional e como eles buscam influenciar o modo de os chineses enxergarem as ameaças externas. No caso das relações exteriores, pretende-se analisar a relação bilateral mais importante do ponto de vista da constituição do nacionalismo chinês em função dos seus conflitos históricos, ou seja, a relação entre China e Japão. A pesquisa fez uso de fontes primárias e secundárias e baseia-se em métodos qualitativos de análise.
A oscilação do preço do petróleo: uma análise sobre o período entre 2010-2015
Authors: Ribeiro Cássio Garcia , Alba Neto Henrique Belluzzo , Sene Túlio Silva
Published: February 2019

Apesar da importância crescente de outras fontes energéticas ao longo das últimas décadas, como das chamadas “fontes renováveis”, o petróleo se manteve como principal fonte da matriz energética mundial.  Diante do papel desempenhando por essa commodity para a economia mundial, este trabalho buscou averiguar os principais elementos desencadeadores das oscilações no preço do barril do petróleo, com o objetivo de abrir a caixa preta do contrachoque que ocorreu a partir de 2014. A metodologia adotada se apoiou em análise bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e coleta de dados secundários. A principal conclusão que se extrai deste estudo é a de que o preço do petróleo oscila em função de três variáveis fundamentais, quais sejam: oferta versus demanda, questões geopolíticas e mercado financeiro. A oscilação no sistema de preços do barril de petróleo é influenciada por estes fatores ao mesmo tempo em que os influencia em um processo de retroalimentação. Nesse sentido, estudos apoiados exclusivamente nos movimentos do mercado (isto é, em flutuações na oferta e na demanda) são insuficientes para explicar os choques e contrachoques no preço do petróleo.
O Rei da Assíria Deseja ser um Grande Rei: Tradução e Comentário à Carta EA 15
Authors: Freire Lucas G.
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo oferece, pela primeira vez em língua portuguesa, uma tradução do documento EA 15 diretamente do original em acadiano. Essa tradução é seguida de um comentário textual e político à carta em questão, enquadrada numa abordagem teórica própria da disciplina de Relações Internacionais. A carta EA 15 marca a ascensão da Assíria ao seleto grupo de unidades políticas com prerrogativas hegemônicas no sistema Amarna. A interpretação defendida aqui é discutida à luz dos estudos apresentados no simpósio interdisciplinar Amarna Diplomacy, editados por Raymond Cohen e Raymond Westbrook e publicado em 2000.
The ancient Near East in contact: an introduction to the Egypt-Mitanni affairs in the Amarna Letters
Authors: Scoville Priscila
Published: February 2019

Os primeiros tabletes das Cartas de Amarna foram encontrados em 1887, e, com eles, uma nova percepção sobre a antiguidade também apareceu. Essas correspondências nos revelaram uma ligação de forma sistemática entre os povos do Antigo Oriente Próximo, assim, mais do que nunca, a ideia de um mundo antigo isolado deve ser questionada. Leis e convenções estabeleceram os parâmetros das relações entre Egito e Oriente Próximo. Entretanto, existem diferenças entre a teoria e a prática. Apesar de algumas regras serem acordadas, os reis constantemente tentavam conseguir acordos melhores e usam argumentos políticos, que serviam como arcabouços retóricos, para isso. Neste trabalho, veremos o caso de Egito e Mitani, com os reis Amenhotep III e Akhenaton, do Egito, e Tushratta, de Mitani. Para entendermos como esse relacionamento foi feito, esse trabalho cobre, brevemente, o contexto histórico das cartas e apresenta alguns textos do conjunto de Amarna. Com isso em mente, pretendemos demonstrar como esses argumentos provavelmente funcionavam e as razões que poderiam explicar as coisas que foram ditas nas cartas.
Aspectos para compreender o peculiar sistema monetário cubano
Authors: Fernandes Marcelo Pereira , Wegner Rubia , Martins Pamela
Published: February 2019

O sistema monetário cubano apresenta atualmente duas moedas nacionais, o peso (CUP) e o peso conversível (CUC), emitidas pelo banco central, e que circulam legalmente no país. Este trabalho procura analisar os principais aspectos desse processo, considerado único e que foi originado pela mais grave crise econômica da história de Cuba. Para isso, foi necessário um resgate da conjuntura que levou o governo a desenvolver esse sistema, apontando suas características e seu funcionamento. Apesar do sucesso em estabilizar a economia, a circulação de duas moedas oficiais geraram distorções sociais graves relacionadas ao consumo de mercadorias, entre aqueles com acesso e sem acesso ao peso conversível. Entendemos que a singularidade do sistema monetário cubano já teria cumprido sua função histórica. A questão está em realizar a unificação monetária sem recriar os problemas enfrentados pelo país nos anos 1990, algo essencial para que o país possa tirar o melhor proveito de uma possível normalização das relações econômicas com os Estados Unidos.
Voyage et publicité dans les Murray’s Handbooks for Travellers
Authors: Dziub Nikol
Published: February 2019

Le propos de cet article est d’analyser la façon dont l’entreprise éditoriale des Murray’s Handbooks for Travellers a contribué à la modification de la perception culturelle du monde et du voyage en proposant un produit livresque répondant aux attentes des tour-istes. Du premier Handbookfor Travellers on the Continent (1836) jusqu’à la huitième édition du Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon (1911), nous nous proposons d’étudier le discours publicitaire qui se développe dans les guides Murray, en nous concentrant notamment sur l’Advertiser qui figure dans la majorité de ces ouvrages à la couverture rouge et publiés in a pocket volume – l’Advertiser, en général, étant loin d’être exclusivement consacré au pays dont parle le Handbook. Les Handbooks de Murray font du (guide de) voyage lui-même un produit semblable à ceux dont l’Advertiser fait la publicité : il s’agira donc pour nous de montrer en quoi ce nouveau support change la nature même du voyage.
Arriver dans la colonie : distance et littérature. Variations autour d’un motif sous la Troisième République, du journal au livre
Authors: Demougin Laure
Published: February 2019

Quelles sont les modalités qui permettent au lectorat de l’époque coloniale d’entrer, littérairement parlant, dans l’empire colonial français? Sous la Troisième République, la question est importante pour des raisons politiques et idéologiques : on verra ici, à travers trois cas particuliers, comment les entrées dans les textes engagent différemment l’expérience d’une lecture exotique. Comparer ces premières lignes issues du livre ou des périodiques permet de mettre en évidence les variations de l’aventure coloniale et de sa modernité par le biais de la vitesse narrative : un récit de voyage, un roman d’aventure de Jules Verne et un reportage d’Albert Londres trouveront ainsi des points communs qui éclairent l’entreprise coloniale. Selon que les récits ont été publiés dans des journaux ou dans des livres, la vitesse de lecture n’est pas la même, le support jouant un rôle considérable dans la perception de l’aventure elle-même.
Le roman de la ligne
Authors: Carrier-Lafleur Thomas
Published: February 2019

À travers l’analyse de trois romans appartenant à la première période de l’oeuvre du romancier, cet article traite d’un aspect central chez Jules Verne : la construction d’une ligne droite. Comme le notait Roland Barthes, Les voyages extraordinaires sont construits sur un désir d’habitation : il faut habiter la structure, la moduler, la faire sienne. La ligne droite constitue la structure de prédilection des personnages verniens. C’est par elle que naîtra l’aventure et que la modernité prendra toute son expansion. Dans cet article, nous tenterons ainsi de suivre la ligne droite jusque dans ses extrêmes limites, pour voir les autres structures qu’elle permet d’imaginer et les autres mondes qu’elle permet d’explorer.
« J’en suis venu à accepter aussi bien l’autorité des récits et celle des articles »
Authors: Letourneux Matthieu
Published: February 2019

Dans les pulps américains, les imaginaires sériels débordent l’espace de la fiction pour contaminer la partie rédactionnelle du magazine. Le pulp Adventure, spécialisé dans les récits d’aventures, illustre cette circulation des imaginaires. À travers des rubriques comme « The Camp-Fire » et « Ask Adventure », il invite les consommateurs à échanger avec auteurs et spécialistes, créant une communauté de lecteurs liés entre autres par des projets tout droit sortis de récits d’aventures et manifestant une forme de fictionnalisation de l’existence. Or, dans ces fantasmes d’accomplissement romanesque peut se lire une reformulation du rêve pionnier, au moment même où celui-ci s’efface aux États-Unis pour laisser place à de nouveaux modèles de réussite sociale. À partir de cet exemple, nous voudrions montrer plus largement que, dans leur façon de structurer les imaginaires et de les associer à des formes identifiables, les genres permettent d’interroger la manière dont une culture donnée organise en systèmes de signification et à travers des modèles récurrents de narration certaines des préoccupations d’une collectivité.
Les voyages du Journal de l’Atlantique. Circulations, attachements et modernité
Authors: Langonné Joël
Published: February 2019

LeJournal de l’Atlantiqueest un quotidien distribué dès 1906 sur les paquebots de la Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT). Sa ligne éditoriale épouse des lignes maritimes. Ces deux entités conjuguent leurs imaginaires empreints de modernité, via une technique nouvelle de communication longue distance, la radiotélégraphie. Ainsi, leJournal de l’Atlantiqueest d’abord le réceptacle de relations composites avec des techniques relevant de matérialités et d’acteurs divers : à bord dessteamers, l’atelier de composition et l’imprimerie sont liés au radiotélégraphe, qui capte des nouvelles des deux continents. Il ouvre ensuite à une temporalité singulière, les lecteurs s’attachent au journal le temps d’une traversée et l’expérience est toujours « une autre première fois1 ». LeJournal de l’Atlantiqueest enfin un révélateur de voyages qui sont aussi matière à publicité et à consommation de masse. C’est en effet une filiale de la Compagnie Marconi qui édite leJournal de l’Atlantique: cette dernière vend ainsi des radiotélégraphes, des informations et des publicités pour distribuer, en fin de compte, un journal attachant parce qu’attaché à un imaginaire de la modernité fait de communications sans fil et ininterrompues avec le monde.
Mainmise, 1970
Authors: Tayler Felicity
Published: February 2019

In the politically-charged atmosphere of 1970s Québec, the French-language countercultural magazine Mainmise reprinted an image of a meeting in Algeria between Black Panther leader, Eldridge Cleaver and American countercultural icon, Timothy Leary. Taking this image as a case study, this article discusses the reproduction, representation, and reception of “Blackness” in Mainmise, as it is enabled through print technologies. Multi-lingual translation, transposition of texts and images between cultural contexts, and circulation to multiple readerships characterize the magazine’s rejection of Left-neo-nationalist positions. Instead, the cumulative pages of Mainmise propose a reinvented Québécois identity that is unhinged from territory or ethnic ancestry. Québec is imagined in terms of a planetary geography.
Publications Exchanges in Distribution
Authors: Connor Jennifer J.
Published: February 2019

Expanding the concept of ownership to include distributorship allows consideration of a book route that diverges from circuits often associated with book culture studies. In particular, as this article outlines, organized publications exchanges—which temporarily own and distribute—present opportunities for understanding the spread of books from a different perspective. To demonstrate the research potential of exchanges, the article retraces the path of a single copy of a book over the twentieth century through a continental medical publications exchange, from its donation by the author to a county medical library outside Philadelphia, through its shipment to Toronto where it was housed in two medical libraries, and its brief return to Philadelphia in a personal collection in 2000. As the discussion suggests, this book,The Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania, its publication and its subsequent transnational peregrinations, spotlight the field of medicine with respect to contemporaneous trends in medical education, publishing, and library movements.