bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antifungal Activity of Endophytes Isolated from Cabbage Against Pathogenic Fungi of Cabbage
Authors: Gate Shivani Samadhan , Dhotre Manisha Ashok , Dhore Vaishnavi Arun
Published: November 2024

: Recent research has demonstrated that endophytes, or non-pathogenic fungi found in plant bi-omes, can dramatically alter the expression of host plants. Our natural ecology is burdened by an increasing amount of chemicals owing to the rapid modernization of agricultural sector. This study examined the use of natural pesticides in place of chemical pesticides to eradicate patho-genic fungi that destroy cabbage crops every year. Agrochemicals-, or pesticides-, are used in ag-ricultural land and crops to protect plants from various diseases. The cabbage crop was treated using the appropriate methodology. In an effort to identify endophytic fungi that can stop the growth of pathogenic fungi, samples are gathered from markets and farms to find solutions at the source of the issue. The outcome revealed a number of fungal endophytes that have the ability to suppress fungal infections and act as a defense against crops. Because plants have endophytic fungi, which act as a barrier to protect plants, in addition to harmful fungi, fungi play a critical role in the discussion of natural pesticides. These findings also indicate that market samples were more contaminated with microorganisms. These endophytes can be the main source of materials for producing natural insecticides for crops;-, thus, further research on them can be conducted. Furthermore, farmers may be able to overcome obstacles and find a potential solution with the use of numerous more potent strategies in the field of microorganism development.
Composite Hardening Effect in KNN Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Huang Haofeng , Wang Ke
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the preparation of KNN-ZnO composites through optimized sintering conditions under both inert and oxygen atmospheres. Initial experiments employing inert hot pressing were hindered by the necessity for annealing, which resulted in cracks due to the differing thermal expansion coefficients of KNN and ZnO, rendering this method unsuitable for composite fabrication. Consequently, sintering under an oxygen atmosphere was adopted, yielding a uniform distribution of ZnO particles within the KNN matrix. The resultant microstructure demonstrated significant densification, enhanced homogeneity, and minimal porosity. Electrical performance evaluations revealed that while the incorporation of ZnO led to a slight reduction in the ferroelectric properties (d33 and polarization) of the KNN matrix, it concurrently improved the electromechanical quality factor (Qm) by 40%. However, the overall enhancements were less pronounced when compared to analogous BNT-BT systems, underscoring the necessity for further optimization of processing conditions to boost electromechanical efficiency and piezoelectric response in KNN-based ceramics.
Redefining the Future of Innovation: The Transformative Potential of the Decuple Helix Framework
Authors: Moleka Pitshou
Published: November 2024

In an era of unprecedented global challenges, the limitations of traditional, linear models of innovation have become increasingly apparent. This pioneering work introduces the revolutionary "decuple helix" framework - a comprehensive, multistakeholder approach to driving transformative change through collaborative innovation. By expanding the scope of stakeholder engagement to include a diverse array of actors, from academia and industry to marginalized communities, the natural environment, and international organizations, the decuple helix model unlocks new frontiers of collective creativity, values-driven problem-solving, and systemic regeneration. Drawing on cutting-edge theoretical foundations and a wealth of empirical evidence, this groundbreaking contribution demonstrates how the strategic integration of these ten key stakeholders can catalyze a profound paradigm shift in the way we conceptualize, organize, and mobilize innovation to address the complex, interconnected crises facing our world. Challenging dominant narratives of technocratic, top-down innovation, this article unveils a radically reimagined vision - one in which diverse epistemologies, holistic well-being, and ecological restoration converge to unlock a thriving, equitable, and sustainable future for all.
Silica-Binding and Silica-Forming Proteins for Enzyme Immobilization on Siliceous Materials
Authors: Lim Gyun Taek , Jo Byung Hoon
Published: November 2024

Enzyme immobilization has emerged as an essential technique in industrial applications of enzymes. Silica (SiO2) serves as a prominent support material for enzyme immobilization. Recent advancements have led to the development of various silica-binding proteins (SBPs) and silica-forming proteins (SFPs) that are invaluable tools in immobilizing enzymes on siliceous materials. SBPs facilitate the controlled orientation of enzymes on silica surfaces, while SFPs enable the biomimetic synthesis and encapsulation of enzymes within silica particles. This review categorizes SBPs and SFPs into naturally occurring and artificially engineered types, providing a comprehensive overview of their mechanisms and characteristics relevant to enzyme immobilization.
Knowledge to Sustainable Practice: A Longitudinal Study of Young Women’s Financial Literacy Journey
Authors: Park Chong Myung , Howard Kimberly A. S. , Solberg V. Scott H.
Published: November 2024

This longitudinal qualitative study examines the impact of the Invest in Girls (IIG) financial literacy program on young women's financial knowledge, behavior, and skills, with implications for their long-term economic sustainability. Using data from 98 interviews conducted over four years with program alumnae, the study reveals a progression in financial literacy skills as participants transition from high school through college. Key findings include the evolving importance of budgeting skills, a progression from basic financial concepts to complex real-world applications, and a persistent desire for enhanced tax education. The study highlights the importance of adapting financial literacy programs to meet the evolving needs of young women. These insights contribute to our understanding of how targeted financial education can better prepare young women for long-term economic sustainability in an increasingly complex financial landscape, potentially addressing broader issues of gender inequality in finance.
Cytokines and Madness: A Unifying Hypothesis of Schizophrenia Involving Interleukin-22
Authors: Sfera Adonis , Thomas Kyle A. , Anton Jacob
Published: November 2024

Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric illness of uncertain etiopathogenesis in which antipsychotic drugs can attenuate the symptoms, but patients rarely return to the premorbid level of functioning. In fact, with each relapse, people living with schizophrenia progress toward disability and cognitive impairment.
We hypothesize that poor outcomes in schizophrenia reflect gray matter volume reduction, which continues despite treatment. We further hypothesize that aryl hydrocarbon receptor phosphorylates signal transducer and transcription-three protein, suppressing the gut barrier protectors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and interleukin-22.
We construe that recombinant human IL-22 can improve schizophrenia outcome by the following actions:
1. Averting microbial translocation outside the gastrointestinal tract by optimizing the gut barrier permeability.
2. Upregulation of BDNF, a neurotrophin lowered in schizophrenia.
3. Downregulation of interferon-gamma, a cytokine elevated in patients with schizophrenia.
4. Acceleration of wound healing and long-term memory formation via STAT3-induced inflammatory responses.
This short review examines the influence of IL-22 and BDNF on the STAT3 /AhR axis. Based on the hypothesis described here, we discuss alternative SCZ interventions, including aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonists, mitochondrial transplant, membrane lipid replacement, and recombinant human IL-22.
Optimization of Collagen Extraction from Fish Scales Using Tris-Glycine Buffer: A Taguchi Methodological Approach
Authors: Makgobole Mokgadi Ursula , Onwubu Stanley , Baruwa Abayomi , Mpofana Nomakhosi , Obiechefu Zodidi , Naidoo Deneshree , Khathi Andile , Mkhwanazi Blessing Nkazimulo
Published: November 2024

Collagen, a critical biomaterial with wide applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and medical industries, can be sourced sustainably from fish scales. This study optimizes the extraction of col-lagen using Tris-Glycine buffer from fish scales via the Taguchi method. Various extraction pa-rameters—buffer concentration, temperature, pH, and time—were evaluated to identify optimal conditions. Under optimal conditions (0.5 of acetic acids, volume of acids of 100mL, soaking time of 120 min, and Tris-Glycine buffer of 10mL), the results demonstrate that temperature and buffer concentration significantly influence collagen yield, with a collagen purity of 17.14 ± 0.05 mg/g. R2 value of 73.84% was obtained for the mathematical model). FTIR analysis confirmed the pres-ence of characteristic collagen peaks at 1611 cm⁻¹ (amide I), 1523 cm⁻¹ (amide II), and 1300 cm⁻¹ (amide III), indicating the successful extraction of Type I collagen. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a protein banding pattern consistent with the molecular weight of collagen, and amino acid analysis shows high percentages of glycine (20.98%), proline (15.43%), and hydroxyproline (11.51%), im-plying fibrous collagen structures. The finding suggests that the Taguchi method offers an efficient and sustainable approach for collagen extraction, reducing waste from fish processing industries.
Current Therapeutic Opportunities for Estrogen Receptor Mutant Breast Cancer
Authors: Palaniappan Murugesan
Published: November 2024

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) drives 2 out of 3 breast cancers and therefore ERα is a major therapeutic target for ER-positive breast cancer patients. Drugs that inhibit ERα activity or block estrogen synthesis in the body are currently being used in the clinic to treat ER-positive breast cancer and have been quite successful in controlling breast cancer progression for the majority of patients. However, ER-positive breast cancer often becomes resistant to these endocrine therapies, leading to endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancer, a very aggressive cancer that leads to death. Recent large-scale genomic studies have revealed a series of activating somatic mutations in the ERα gene (ESR1) in endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancer patients. Of these, Y537S and D538G mutations are found at a much higher rate in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Remarkably, these mutations produce an ERα with much higher transcriptional activity than wild type in the absence of estradiol, and traditional endocrine therapy has poor efficacy against ER mutants. Therefore, the development of new drugs that target ER mutants is an unmet clinical need for endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancer. This review summarizes the recent preclinical and clinical trials targeting estrogen receptor mutant breast cancer.
Genomic Analysis of Advanced Phyllodes Tumors Using Next-Generation Sequencing and Their Chemotherapy Response: A Retrospective Study Using the C-CAT Database
Authors: Suzuki Shuhei , Saito Yosuke
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Phyllodes tumors are rare breast neoplasms with limited therapeutic options and poorly understood molecular characteristics. This study aimed to analyze genomic alterations and treatment outcomes in advanced phyllodes tumors using Japan's national clinical genomic testing registry (C-CAT database) to identify potential therapeutic targets and predictive markers. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 60 phyllodes tumor cases from 80,329 patients registered in the C-CAT database between June 2019 and August 2024. Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed using multiple platforms including FoundationOne CDx, NCC OncoPanel, and other approved tests. Treatment responses were evaluated according to RECIST criteria, and pathogenic variants were assessed using established databases including ClinVar and OncoKB. Results: The cohort's median age was 54 years (range: 13-79), with TERT promoter variants (70%), MED12 (52%), and TP53 (50%) mutations being the most frequent alterations. Forty patients received first-line chemotherapy, predominantly an-thracycline-based regimens (n=29). Although not reaching statistical significance, cases with CDKN2A and TERT alterations showed trends toward treatment resistance (OR>3.0). One patient with high tumor mutational burden (37/Mb) responded to pembrolizumab. Potential germline variants were identified in two cases (3.3%), involving MSH6 and TP53 alterations. Notably, no cases with CDKN2B alterations demonstrated treatment response (p=0.09). Conclusions: Our findings suggest distinct molecular patterns in phyllodes tumors compared to other soft tissue sarcomas, with potential implications for treatment selection. The identification of specific genetic alterations associated with treatment resistance may guide therapeutic decision-making, while the presence of actionable mutations in select cases indicates potential opportunities for targeted therapy approaches.
Media Representation of the Ethical Issues Pertaining to Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Technology
Authors: Beck Savannah , Liberman Yuliya , Dubljević Veljko
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a rapidly developing technology that captures and transmits brain signals to external sources, allowing the user control of devices such as prosthetics. BCI technology offers the potential to restore physical capabilities in the body and change how we interact and communicate with computers and each other. While BCI tech-nology has existed for decades, recent developments have caused the technology to generate a host of ethical issues and discussions in both academic and public circles. Given that media represen-tation has the potential to shape public perception and policy, it is necessary to evaluate the space that these issues take in public discourse. Methods: We conducted a structured review of media articles in English discussing ethical issues of BCI technology from 2013-2024 as indexed by LexisNexis. Our searches yielded 675 articles, with a final sample containing 182 articles. We assessed the themes of the articles and coded them based on the ethical issues discussed, ethical frameworks, recommendations, tone, and application of technology. Results: Our results showed a marked rise in interest in media articles over time, signaling an increased focus on this topic. The majority of articles adopted a balanced or neutral tone when discussing BCIs and focused on ethical issues regarding privacy, autonomy, and regulation. Conclusions: The growing recogni-tion of ethical considerations in BCI highlights the importance of ethical discourse in shaping the future of the field.
The Transition Dilemma: Barriers to Safe Disposition in Older Adults After Hospitalization
Authors: Shapoo Nidha , Boma Noella , Mestre Andrea , Negash Lense , Charpuria Poornima , Chaudhari Shobhana
Published: November 2024

The safe transition of older adults from hospital to home or other care settings is a critical aspect of healthcare that significantly impacts patient outcomes. Barriers to safe social disposition may include clinical, healthcare system, or social factors. Despite advances in medical care, many older adults face these barriers during the transition process, which can lead to adverse health events, re-admission, and decreased quality of life. This review explores the obstacles to safe disposition for older adults post-hospitalization and discusses potential strategies to mitigate these issues.
MLens: Advancing Real-Time Detection, Identification and Counting of Pathogenic Microparasites through a Web Interface
Authors: Carneiro Gustavo Souza , Xavier Karoliny Caldas , Sindeaux-Neto José Ledamir , Lima da Silva Alanna do Socorro , Oliveira da Silva Michele Velasco
Published: November 2024

In this study, a diverse collection of images of myxozoans from the genera Henneguya and Myxobolus was created, providing a practical dataset for application in computer vision. Four versions of the YOLOv5 network were tested, achieving an average precision of 97.9%, a recall of 96.7%, and an F1 score of 97%, demonstrating the effectiveness of MLens in the automatic detection of these parasites. These results indicate that machine learning has the potential to make micro-parasite detection more efficient and less reliant on manual work in parasitology. The beta version of the MLens shows strong performance, and future improvements may include fine-tuning the WebApp hyperparameters, expanding to other myxosporean genera, and refining the model to handle more complex optical microscopy scenarios. This work represents a significant ad-vancement, opening new possibilities for the application of machine learning in parasitology and substantially accelerating parasite detection.
Effects of Dripper Type and Irrigation Water Quality on Soil Bulk Density and Maize Growth and Yield
Authors: Nayyef Hussein R. , Naser Mohammed A. , AL-Laghawi Hasanen S. , Alhasany Ali R. , Noaem Ali H. , Sawicka Barbara
Published: November 2024

Rationalization of irrigation water, as global warming, has negatively affected the availability of irrigation water. The field experiment was conducted for the purpose of studying the effect of the type of dripper and the salinity of irrigation water rotation on the bulk density and maize growth and yield using two types of drippers (turbo and spiral) and two levels of irrigation water with different salinity ratios (low, symbolized by L) and (high and symbolized by H). Irrigation water was added in three rotations (L, H), (H, L, H), and (L, H, L). The results showed an increase in bulk density values, giving the highest value for the spiral type compared to the turbo type. Our results indicated that water quality had a significant effect on soil bulk density values, with the highest bulk density values reaching for the (L, H), (H, L, H), (L, H, L), respectively. The results showed an increase in plant height, leaf area, and yield when using the (L, H, L), compared to (L, H) and (H, L, H), respectively. This study demonstrated the possibility of using high-salinity water, which is available in southern Iraq in rotation with fresh water to irrigate the maize crop.
Effect of Hot-Air Oven and Vacuum Pretreatment Methods on Oil Recovery Efficiency and Energy Usage on Flax and Hemp Oilseeds under Linear Pressing Process
Authors: Kabutey Abraham , Kibret Sonia Habtamu , Kiros Asmerom Woldemichael , Afework Meseret Abraham , Onwuka Michael , Raj Akshay
Published: November 2024

Bulk flax and hemp oilseeds were evaluated under oven and vacuum heating temperatures con-cerning the percentage oil yield and energy demand under linear compression approach. The heating temperatures ranged from 40 oC to 90 oC at a constant drying time of 60 min. The oven pretreatment increased the oil yield of bulk flax oilseeds by 1.02% compared to the vacuum method. This increment resulted in a higher energy requirement of 23.06 J. The oil yield of bulk hemp oilseeds increased by 0.49 % resulting in a higher energy usage of 65.03 J. It was found that bulk hemp oilseeds produced a higher percentage oil yield of 23.86 ± 0.11% with a higher energy demand of 1641.66 ± 35.66 J than bulk flax oilseeds producing an oil yield of 17.52 ± 0.29 % and energy need of 1014.84 ± 52.26 J under both drying conditions. The established regression models for predicting the percentage oil yield and energy demand of the examined oilseeds dependent on heating temperature under both drying conditions were significant based on the P-value of the lack of fit which was greater than 0.05 indicating the reliability of the established regression models.
Exploring the Effects of the CONKA Nutraceutical Health Product in a Drosophila melanogaster Repetitive Concussion Model
Authors: Alanazi Norah , Fraysse Audrey , English Elizabeth A. , Felix Juri , Howes Melanie-Jayne , Glassbrook Daniel , Hind Karen , Chazot Paul
Published: November 2024

There is growing interest in understanding the connection between concussions on physical and mental health acutely and, in retirement, on neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we utilised a “high-impact trauma” (HIT) device to investigate the effects of multiple concussions on the motor activity, and lifespan of the adult female Drosophila melanogaster as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) levels in the fly brain and body. We found that repetitive hits, while not having acute physical effects, significantly increased long-term mobility deficits, and shortened lifespan, and exacerbated oxidative stress in both the brain and body. Notably, the novel CONKA product (Withania somnifera, Curcuma longa, Melissa officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium myrtillus) demonstrated promising protective effects, including mitigation of motor deficits, extension of lifespan, and reduction of oxidative stress in both the brain and body of the flies. When evaluating the contributions of individual components within the CONKA formulation, Curcuma longa, despite extending lifespan, did not contribute to mobility improvement or oxidative stress amelioration. This suggests that the benefits of CONKA are largely driven by its other four components, which displayed all the positive effects evaluated. The exclusion of Curcuma longa may streamline the formulation without diminishing its brain and body effects following a history of repetitive concussions, although this would require further study to confirm. Oral bioavailability may be an issue with Curcuma longa. Taken together, the findings validate that Drosophila melanogaster is a suitable system to mimic and investigate the effects of repetitive concussions on bodies and brains and assess the effects of health products and drug therapies.
Serum and Urinary Calcium and Phosphorus Relationship in a Series of Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases
Authors: Escobedo-Monge Marlene Fabiola , Sakihara Graciela , Parodi-Román Joaquín , Escobedo-Monge María Antonieta , Juy-Aguilar Diana , Bahillo-Curieses M. Pilar , Marugán-Miguelsanz José Manuel
Published: November 2024

Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are critical nutrients and essential elements for the growth and development of humans. Since proper diagnosis and treatment are indispensable parts of personalized and precision medicine in patients with chronic diseases, in addition to unknown about the role of Ca/P ratios, the main aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess serum and urine Ca and P levels, the Ca/P ratios and their association with health and nutritional biomarkers in children and adolescents with chronic diseases. We carried out anthropometric, body composition, clinical evaluation, biochemical analysis, dietary survey, and bone densitometry methods. In 39 patients (2-19 years, 61.5% women, 56.4% adolescents), results showed that 20% of subjects had hypercalciuria, 23% had high Ca/Cr rate, and 44% exhibited hyperphosphaturia. No one patient was hypocalcemic or hyperphosphatemic. Serum and urinary Ca/P ratios were 2.12 and 0.13, respectively. 36% and 5% of subjects had hypophosphatemia and hypercalcemia, respectively. Serum and urine Ca and P levels were associated with several nutritional parameters studied. This study confirms the need to investigate Ca, P, and their relationship in urine in childhood.
Local Bounds for Incentive Compatible Selection Mechanisms in Forests
Authors: Liu Guanglei , Zhang Xiaojia , Liu Min
Published: November 2024

We studied the incentive-compatible selection mechanisms for directed forests. A directed forest is an acyclic directed graph with maximum out-degree equal to 1. A selection mechanism gives a probability distribution on each vertex in the forest. A selection mechanism is incentive-compatible (IC), if the probability assigned to a vertex does not change when it changes which it points to (or add, delete the edge).

An IC mechanism is fair if the probability of a vertex is always larger then the one with less vertices with access to itself, and the probability of a vertex is always equal to the one with the same number of vertices with access to itself. An IC mechanism is exact if the sum of the probability of each vertex is always 1.

The quality of a selection mechanism is the worst-case ratio between the expected number with access to each vertex and the maximum number with access to a vertex. The upper bound is decided by a special case and the lower bound is decided by a mechanism. In this paper, we focus on the local case for this question, i.e. $n = 2, 3$.

We prove that for $n = 2$, the tight bound of quality for IC, fair and exact mechanisms are all $0.8$. For $n = 3$, IC mechanisms achieve a bound of quality $[7/9, 0.8]$. However, fair mechanisms achieve a bound of quality $[0.6, 0.8]$ and exact mechanisms achieve a tight bound $7/9$.
The Obsolescence of Traditional Peer Review: Why AI Should Replace Human Validation in Scientific Research
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: November 2024

This article presents a radical reassessment of scientific validation processes, arguing that traditional peer review has become an outdated, inefficient, and ultimately flawed mechanism for ensuring research quality. Modern artificial intelligence systems demonstrate superior capabilities in analyzing methodological rigor, statistical validity, and literature comprehensiveness, while being free from human cognitive biases, professional rivalries, and institutional politics. Through examination of empirical evidence, we demonstrate how AI systems consistently outperform human reviewers in speed, accuracy, and comprehensiveness of research evaluation. The current peer review system, characterized by months-long delays, substantial costs, and demonstrable biases, actively impedes scientific progress. We propose a fully automated AI-driven validation framework that can evaluate research in real-time, identify methodological flaws, verify statistical analyses, and assess significance within the broader scientific context. This transformation would democratize research validation, eliminate publication bottlenecks, and accelerate scientific progress while maintaining higher standards of methodological rigor than currently possible under human review.
Strategies for Selecting Potentially Effective Biofumigant Species for Optimal Biofumigation Outcomes
Authors: Arroyo Juan Manuel , Soler Jose , Linares Rubén , Palmero Daniel
Published: November 2024

Soil-borne diseases threaten sustainable agriculture, traditionally managed by chemical fumigants, whose use is now restricted due to environmental and health concerns. This study evaluates the biofumigation potential of Brassicaceae species, specifically Brassica carinata A.Braun., Brassica juncea (L.) Vassiliĭ Matveievitch Czernajew., Raphanus sativus L., and Sinapis alba L., cultivated in central Spain. Field trials across two growing cycles assessed biomass production, glucosinolates (GSLs) concentration, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception, and radiation use efficiency (RUE). Biomass production varied across species and sampling dates, with S. alba and R. sativus outperforming other species in shorter cycles, while B. juncea and B. carinata showed more efficient GLS profile to soil-borne diseases control, particularly in aliphatic GSLs like Sinigrin. Results highlight B. juncea and B. carinata as potent biofumigants due to their high GSL levels, whereas S. alba and R. sativus are more suited to early biomass production. The study also explores the Chlorophyll Content Index (SPAD) as a potential field indicator of GSL concentration, providing a practical approach for optimizing biofumigation timing. These findings support the selection of specific Brassicaceae species adapted to climatic conditions and crop cycles for effective biofumigation in sustainable agricultural practices.
Developing a Machine Learning Model to Predict the Risk of Cognitive Decline in Early Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Mohammadi Raziyeh , Ng Samuel YE , Tan Jayne Y , Ng Adeline SL , Deng Xiao , Choi Xinyi , Heng Dede L , Neo Shermyn , Xu Zheyu , Tay Kay-Yaw , Au Wing-Lok , Tan Eng-King , Tan Louis CS , Steyerberg Ewout W , Greene William , Saffari Seyed Ehsan
Published: November 2024

Background: Cognitive decline (CD) is a significant concern in Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting the need for reliable risk prediction models for early intervention. This study used machine learning (ML) techniques to predict the CD risk over five-year in early-stage PD. Methods: Data from the Early Parkinson's Disease Longitudinal Singapore (2014 to 2018) was used to predict CD defined as a one-unit annual decrease or a one-unit decline in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) over two consecutive years. Four ML methods—AutoScore, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors and Neural Network—were applied using baseline demographics, clinical assessments and blood biomarkers. Model performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity. Results: Variable selection identified key predictors of CD, including education year, diastolic lying blood pressure, diastolic standing blood pressure, systolic lying blood pressure, Hoehn and Yahr scale, body mass index, phosphorylated tau at threonine 181, total tau, Neurofilament light chain and suppression of tumorigenicity 2. Random Forest was the most effective, achieving an AUC of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.97), using 10-fold cross-validation. Conclusion: ML-based models offer potential for early identification of patients at high risk of CD, facilitating targeted interventions and improving patient outcomes in PD management.
Temporal Expression Dynamics of lncRNAs and Cis-Target Gene Interactions in Leishmania major-Infected Human Macrophages
Authors: Sirekbasan Serhat , Gürkök-Tan Tuğba
Published: November 2024

Leishmaniasis is a serious infectious disease caused by Leishmania parasites, predominantly affecting tropical and subtropical regions. These parasites replicate within macrophages, manipulating the host immune response and facilitating infection progression. This study examined the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), potential cis-target genes, and hub genes at different time points in human macrophages infected with Leishmania major. RNA-Seq analysis identified 39,828 lncRNAs, with 2,903 showing differential expression at one or more time points. As the infection progressed (4, 24, 48, and 72 hours), the number of up- and down-regulated lncRNAs gradually decreased. Six lncRNAs (lnc-UNC5D-8, lnc-TENM3-1, DIRC3-1, lnc-MTRNR2L12-10, lnc-FAM43A-6, and AKAP2-1) were consistently differentially expressed across all time points, potentially playing key roles in regulating the host immune response. Time-specific hub genes were also identified, regulating critical processes such as keratinization, epigenetic modifications, and immune responses. In particular, these genes were pivotal during the later stages of infection in maintaining tissue integrity and regulating immune responses. Early immune responses were dominated by immunoglobulin receptor activity and adaptive immune system activation. These findings highlight the critical roles of lncRNAs and hub genes in macrophage responses to Leishmania infection, offering potential targets for future therapeutic strategies.
Physiotherapy Intervention in the Treatment of Patients with Venous Ulcers: A Delphi Panel Results
Authors: Medeiros Sabrina , Rodrigues Alexandre , Costa Rui
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Venous ulcers is the most common complication of all ulcers of the lower limbs that occurs in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. The treatment of venous ulcers is multidisciplinary, with physiotherapy intervention serving as an adjuvant therapy in the management of these wounds. This study aims to investigate physiotherapeutic interventions for the management of venous ulcers; Methods: Exploratory and descriptive study using the Delphi method. The interventions were derived from a systematic review of the literature and presented to a panel of experts for evaluation. The panel comprised 12 experts in wound care, and two rounds of analysis were conducted. A quantitative analysis was performed to assess the level of agreement in responses, while qualitative analysis was applied to the experts' comments; Results: In the first round, the consensus varied between 80% to 100% within the answers, and in the second round it ranged from 83,3% to 100%. In the second round, all interventions obtained at least 80% consensus. The intervention includes the use of compression therapy and therapeutic exercise: resistance training, aerobic exercise, stretching, balance training, and the use of a vibrating platform. Conclusions: Physiotherapy can help as an adjuvant therapy to a specific local treatment of venous ulcers. The main intervention includes therapeutic exercise and the use of compression therapy.
Economic Feasibility and Strategic Planning for Floating Solar Power Plants in Korea: A Real Options Approach
Authors: Na Seoungbeom , Jang Woosik , Lee Youngwoong
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an economic feasibility analysis for constructing a 100 MW floating solar power plant in Korea, aimed at utilizing idle water spaces to mitigate geographical limitations for large-scale renewable energy projects. Employing both Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis and Real Options Analysis (ROA), the study evaluates the economic viability and strategic flexibility of the project under future market uncertainties. The DCF method reveals an NPV of 11,863 thousand USD and a B/C ratio of 1.1, indicating baseline feasibility. However, the ROA demonstrates the value of adaptive strategies, with real option values showing that plant expansion (to 200 MW) is economically advantageous under favorable conditions. This approach supports strategic decision-making aligned with Korea’s renewable energy targets. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating market uncertainties into feasibility assessments and proposes detailed strategies for expanding renewable energy generation.
Volcanic Terroirs: Exploring Minerals in Canary Red Wine
Authors: Heras-Roger Jesus , Díaz-Romero Carlos , Darias-Rosales Javier , Darias-Martín Jacinto
Published: November 2024

The mineral composition of monovarietal red wines from the Canary Islands was analyzed to evaluate the potential of mineral content as a marker for wine authenticity by geographical origin. Key minerals—K, Na, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Co—were quantified in 190 wine samples using flame absorption spectrometry. The study revealed slight mineral profile differences between recently introduced international grape cultivars and traditional ungrafted varieties. A significant correlation was found between K and Mg, highlighting their roles in vine physiology. Results indicated that Tenerife wines had elevated Fe and Mn, Lanzarote wines showed higher Na (likely from marine aerosols), and La Gomera wines had significantly high Mn. Linear Discriminant Analysis demonstrated that Mn, Mg, and Na differentiated wines by island, with 85% classification accuracy, while Cu and Fe correlated with wine aging. These findings emphasize the influence of volcanic soils and microclimate on mineral profiles, supporting mineral analysis as a cost-effective tool for classifying red wines by origin. This study offers insights into how terroir, grape cultivar, and winemaking practices define the unique characteristics of Canary Island wines.
Sustainable Removal of Phenol Dye-Containing Wastewater by Composite Incorporating ZnFe2O4/Nanocellulose Photocatalysts
Authors: Li Zan , Gao Kun , Jiang Wenrui
Published: November 2024

The escalating issue of phenol dye-containing wastewater necessitates the development of efficient and sustainable treatment methods. In this context, we present a novel composite photocatalyst comprising ZnFe2O4 (ZFO) nanoparticles supported on nanocellulose(NC), aimed at addressing this environmental challenge. The synthesis involved a facile hydrothermal method followed by impregnation of ZFO nanoparticles onto the NC matrix. ZFO, as a weakly magnetic semiconductor catalytic material, was utilized in photocatalytic experiments under magnetic field conditions. By controlling the electron spin states through the magnetic field, electron-hole recombination was suppressed, resulting in improved photocatalytic performance.The resultant composite exhibited remarkable photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, owing to the synergistic effect between ZFO nanoparticles and NC. Through systematic evaluation, we demonstrated the high efficiency and stability of the composite photocatalyst in degrading phenol dye pollutants in aqueous solutions. Furthermore, the composite material exhibited promising recyclability, retaining its activity even after multiple usage cycles. This study underscores the potential of the ZFO/NC composite for sustainable wastewater treatment, offering a promising avenue for environmental remediation.
Every Day Assistive Products Support Participation and Engagement in Sport
Authors: Geppert Ana , Smith Emma M , MacLachlan Malcolm
Published: November 2024

The benefits of engagement in sport are widespread, and include not only improved health and wellness, but also engagement in social participation and the realization of rights. Research on the use of assistive products in sport participation has previously focused largely on the use of specialized products in elite sport and has not addressed the importance of every-day assistive products for facilitating sport participation. This research aims to highlight the use of the 50 products on the World Health Organization’s Priority Assistive Product List for sport participation. We found that all 50 products are relevant to sport participation, and support participants to engage directly in sport, but also in social engagement with other sport participants, and as observers and fans of sport.
Congenital Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans - Update of the Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Cassalia Fortunato , Danese Andrea , Cocchi Enrico , Vajenti Silvia , Bolzon Anna , Franceschin Ludovica , Mazzetto Roberto , Caroppo Francesca , Melandri Davide , Belloni Fortina Anna
Published: November 2024

Congenital Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) is an extremely rare low-grade soft tissue sarcoma arising from the dermis. Accounting for less than 0.1% of all malignancies and approximately 1% of soft tissue sarcomas, congenital DFSP presents a significant diagnostic challenge due to its atypical presentation in neonates and infants. Often mimicking benign skin lesions such as hemangiomas, vascular malformations or pigmented moles, it is frequently misdiagnosed, leading to delays in appropriate treatment. This narrative review highlights the importance of early recognition and accurate diagnosis of congenital DFSP to prevent aggressive local growth and reduce the risk of recurrence. We discuss the epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnostic hurdles associated with this condition. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosis, with characteristic findings of spindle-shaped cells in a storiform pattern and strong CD34 positivity on immunohistochemical staining. Imaging modalities such as MRI may be helpful in assessing the extent of the lesion. Surgical excision with clear margins, preferably using Mohs micrographic surgery, is the cornerstone of treatment, balancing oncological control with functional and aesthetic considerations in paediatric patients. A multidisciplinary approach involving dermatologists, paediatric surgeons, oncologists and pathologists is essential for optimal management. We also emphasise the need for clinician vigilance, early biopsy of suspicious lesions, patient education and long-term follow-up to improve outcomes and quality of life for affected children.
Protein Quality Not Excellent and Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency in Evacuation Shelter Food Analysis in the Noto Peninsula Earthquake: Comparison with the 2024 Simultaneous National Survey in Japan
Authors: Sakamoto Takamitsu , Miyata Hiroyo , Tsunou Ayako , Hokotachi Yoko , Sasaki Satoshi , Amagai Teruyoshi
Published: November 2024

Background: On 1 January 2024, the Noto Peninsula was struck by a 7.6 magnitude earthquake. In the previous article, The food provided in the evacuee shelters proved insufficient in energy and protein for the older adults, 65% of whom visited our emergency clinic. Methods: (1) analyze the amino acid and fatty acid composition of 11 evacuation meals using the "Duplicated Combination" Model, (2) assess the adequacy of the amino acid and fatty acid composition, the digestible essential amino acid score (DIAAS) was calculated and analyzed in relation to the half-life determined by the N-terminal amino acid of the proteins.. Linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) levels were compared with EFSA recommendations, (3) The national survey of emergency food stocks in hospitals and social care institutions conducted in Jan, 2024 was analyzed. Results: (1) DIAAS was less than 1.00 for all 11 foods provided and was considered inadequate, (2) the half-life of the protein, whose N-terminal valine has a half-life of 100 hours, must be considered a possible deficiency when living in a shelter for more than a week, (3) LA and ALA levels were less than 40% of EFSA recommended, (4) the nationwide survey found that 80% of people have a 3-day supply and are likely to be energy and protein deficient. Conclusion: Analysis of foods in evacuation shelters after the Noto Peninsula earthquake revealed that the quality of amino acids and fatty acids seem inadequate according to DIAAS and EFSA recommendations. The “Duplicated Combination” Model might be useful to investigate the quality of foods in the shelters.
Targeting Refractory Triple-negative Breast Cancer Metastasis with Sacituzumab Govitecan: A new era in Precision Medicine
Authors: Khan Saif , Jandrajupalli Suresh Babu , Bushara Nashwa Zaki Ali , Raja Rama Devi Patel , Sharma Kuldeep , Verma Rajan , Raj Swetha , Kumar Ashish , Lohani Mohtashim
Published: November 2024

Advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poorer outcomes due to its aggressive behaviour and limited treatment options. While therapies like checkpoint inhibitors and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) offer some benefit, chemotherapy remains ineffective beyond the first line of treatment. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) like sacituzumab govitecan-hziy (SG) represent a significant advancement. SG combines SN-38, an irinotecan derivative, with a TROP-2-targeting antibody via a pH-sensitive linking moiety, achieving an good drug:antibody ratio. Infused on Days 1 and 8 over 21 days, SG utilizes a moderately stable linker to ensure effective tumor targeting while minimizing side effects like diarrhea. By delivering SN-38 into the tumor niche, it induces double-stranded DNA damage, promoting cancer apoptosis. In a phase I-II study involving 108 mTNBC patients, SG achieved an overall response rate (ORR) of 33.3% and a median response period of 7.7 months. Common side effects included neutropenia, nausea, and fatigue. This review highlights clinical potential, pharmacokinetics, safety profile, resistance mechanisms of SG along with key ongoing clinical trials, emphasizing its role in managing refractory mTNBC, especially in third-line therapy.
Beyond the Traditional VIX: A Novel Approach to Identifying Uncertainty Shocks in the Financial Markets
Authors: Jha Ayush , Shirvani Abootaleb , Rachev Svetlozar T. , Fabozzi Frank J.
Published: November 2024

We introduce a new identification strategy for uncertainty shocks to explain macroeconomic volatility in financial markets. The Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index (VIX) measures market expectations of future volatility, but traditional methods based on second-moment shocks and time-varying volatility of the VIX often fail to capture the non-Gaussian, heavy-tailed nature of asset returns. To address this, we construct a revised VIX by fitting a double-subordinated Normal Inverse Gaussian Lévy process to S\&P 500 option prices, providing a more comprehensive measure of volatility that reflects the extreme movements and heavy tails observed in financial data. Using an axiomatic approach, we introduce a general family of risk-reward ratios, computed with our revised VIX and fitted over a fractional time series to more accurately identify uncertainty shocks in financial markets.
General Practitioners’ Earnings and Practice Variation in a Fee-for-Service System: A Descriptive Registry Study
Authors: Kraft Kristian B. , Grøsland Mari , Hoff Eivor H. , Mykletun Arnstein , Østby Kristian A.
Published: November 2024

In Norway, 78% of publicly funded general practitioners (GPs) are self-employed, remunerated through a mix of capitation and fee-for-service, while 22 % are salaried. GPs register consultations and procedures using nationally standardized fees for health services, which allows for variations in earnings. Our study aims to examine whether high and low earning GPs also differ in their earnings per list patient and, if so, identify the specific fees that contribute to this difference. Additionally, we aim to compare practice characteristics between high and low earning GPs. We analyse national registry data from 2021 for all GPs with at least 100 working days (N=2546) and calculate annual earnings from capitation and fees. High earning GPs (upper quartile) have 55% more listed patients than low earning GPs (lower quartile), yet they earn 40% more from fees per patient (average €178 versus €127). Nearly half of the earnings difference per patient can be attributed to high earning GPs more frequently conducting consultations with patients. Still, patients of high earning GPs receive less minutes in consultations yearly (average 35 versus 38 min), due to high earners’ shorter consultation duration (average 15 versus 20 min). The remaining earning difference comes from higher utilization of procedure fees among high earners (average 5.6 versus 3.9 procedures per patient). Prolonged consultation, medication review, and talking therapy are some of the fees that contribute most to this difference. The findings highlight that considerable earning variations are linked to fee utilization and practice styles among GPs.
GH Therapy in Non–Growth Hormone Deficient Children
Authors: Guzzetti Chiara , Ibba Anastasia , Incandela Valeria , Loche Sandro
Published: November 2024

Before 1985 growth hormone (GH) was extracted from human pituitaries, and its therapeutic use was limited to children with severe GH deficiency (GHD). The availability of unlimited amount of recombinant GH (rhGH) allowed to investigate the efficacy of rhGH therapy in a number of con-ditions other than GHD. Nowadays, patients with Turner syndrome, SHOX deficiency, Noonan syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, idiopathic short stature, chronic kidney disease, and children born small for gestational age can be treated with rhGH in order to improve adult height. In pa-tients with Prader-Willi syndrome rhGH therapy also improves body composition and cognitive function. Large post-marketing multinational studies in a huge number of pediatric patients demonstrated a good safety profile for rhGH. Recently, long-acting formulations of rhGH have been approved and licensed for GHD, and clinical trials are ongoing for other conditions. In this paper, we will review the use of rhGH for the treatment of children with conditions other than GHD.