bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verification and validation of linear gyrokinetic and kinetic-MHD simulations for internal kink instability in DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Brochard G. , Bao J. , Liu C. , Gorelenkov N. , Choi G. , Dong G. , Liu P. , Mc.Clenaghan J. , Nicolau J.H. , Wang F. , Wang W.H. , Wei X. , Zhang W.L. , Heidbrink W. , Graves J.P. , Lin Z. , Lütjens H.
Published: January 2022

Verification and linear validation of the internal kink instability in tokamak have been performed for both gyrokinetic (GTC) and kinetic-MHD codes (GAM-solver, M3D-C1-K, NOVA, XTOR-K). Using realistic magnetic geometry and plasma profiles from the same equilibrium reconstruction of the DIII-D shot #141216, these codes exhibit excellent agreement for the growth rate and mode structure of the internal kink mode when all kinetic effects are suppressed. The simulated radial mode structures, obtained from linear simulations, are in reasonable agreement with the normalised electron cyclotron emission measurement after adjusting, within the experimental uncertainty, the safety factor q = 1 flux-surface location in the equilibrium reconstruction. Compressible magnetic perturbations strongly destabilize the kink, while poloidal variations of the equilibrium current density reduce the growth rate of the kink. Furthermore, kinetic effects of thermal ions are found to decrease the kink growth rate in kinetic-MHD simulations, but increase the kink growth rate in gyrokinetic simulations, due to the additional drive of the ion temperature gradient and parallel electric field. Kinetic thermal electrons are found to have negligible effects on the internal kink instability.
Angular responsivity of ground and space-based direct solar irradiance radiometers
Authors: Hülsen Gregor , Gröbner Julian , Pfiffner Daniel , Gyo Manfred , Kouremeti Natalia , Föller Jakob
Published: January 2022

The angular response setup of PMOD/WRC was modified to facilitate measurements of the narrow field of view of radiometers for direct solar irradiance. First, The pointing of the JTSIM-DARA radiometer was measured four times during its construction in the optic laboratory of PMOD/WRC. The final offset of the pointing before shipping relative to the optical axis, defined by a removable alignment cube, is 1.07° / 0.67° (β/γ-axis) for the four-quadrant sensor and 0.095°/-0.017° for the radiometer cavity A. Next to JTSIM-DARA the DARA for the occulter of the satellite Proba-3 was characterised at PMOD/WRC. First tests of the pointing have been carried out and the final pointing characterization will be carried out in summer 2021. Finally, the angular response setup was also used the angular responsivity of solar direct irradiance filter radiometers. The first test was carried out using Precision Filter Radiometer (PFR) F-064.
Stray-Light Correction Methodology for the Precision Solar Spectroradiometer
Authors: Kouremeti Natalia , Gröbner Julian , Nevas Saulius
Published: January 2022

A stray-light correction methodology for the Precision Solar Spectroradiometer (PSR) is presented. The correction is based on laboratory-measured line spread functions also taking into account the radiation from the 2nd and 3rd grating orders. The efficiency of the correction is validated on solar and lamp measurement data. The results are compared to those obtained with a PSR equipped with an order-sorting filter and with a Precision Filter Radiometer.
New facility for primary calibration of differential spectral responsivity of solar cells using LDLS-based monochromatic source
Authors: Mahmoud Khaled , Alfaleh I. , Yoo Jae-Keun
Published: January 2022

A newly established setup for primary calibration and characterization of solar cells at NMCC/SASO is presented. This differential spectral responsivity (DSR) measurement instrument uses laser-driven light source (LDLS)-based modulated (AC) source to measure the spectral responsivity of photovoltaic (PV) detectors and solar cells. The setup is intended for measuring the spectral responsivity in the wavelength range from 250 nm to 2000 nm, bias level up to 1.5 kW/m2, with which a measurement uncertainty of 1.06 % (k = 2, in the range of 300 nm to 900 nm) could be achieved. We present validation measurements as well as spectral responsivity and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements of reference solar cells to demonstrate the objective of the setup. We present a preliminary evaluation of the associated uncertainty components as well as an uncertainty budget for validation, optimization and standardization of our setup.
Geometric system analysis of ILMD-based LID measurement systems using Monte-Carlo simulation
Authors: Katona M , Trampert K , Schwanengel C , Krüger U , Neumann C
Published: January 2022

Imaging Luminance Measuring Device (ILMD) based luminous intensity distribution measurement systems are an established method for measuring the luminous intensity distribution (LID) of light sources in the far field. The advantage of this system is the high-resolution acquisition of a large angular range with one image. For the uncertainty budget, the mathematical description of the system can be divided into photometric and geometric contributions. In the following, we will present a Monte-Carlo approach to analyse the geometric contributions which are the uncertainty of measurement direction and measurement distance. Therefore, we set up a geometric system description based on kinematic transformations that describes the connection between detector and light source position. To consider all relevant input quantities we simulate the adjustment and measurement process. Finally, an analysis of the geometric input parameters is shown.
Reference UVC LED Source
Authors: Nikanenka Siarhey , Danilchyk Aliaksandr , Shulenkova Barbara , Tarasova Olga , Lutsenko Evgenii
Published: January 2022

A compact reference UVC source based on commercially available LED has been developed. The article presents the design and results of the study of the optical characteristics of the radiation of the reference UVC LED source. The source provides a power density of radiation up to 400 μW/cm2 on area of 3×3 mm with inhomogeneity of 1.5 %.The emission band of a source with a maximum of 265 nm is predominantly 97 % in the UV-C spectrum region, and a small part of it is inUV-B and UV-A regions, 2.7 % and 0.3 %, respectively. The use of ComboSource for laser diodes allowed to precisionally stabilize the injection current and temperature of the LED. It is shown that overheating of the active region of the selected UV LED is only 10°C - 25°C at the recommended injection currents due to the peculiarities of its design. This results in a low degradation rate of the UV LED. Possible ways to improve the characteristics of the reference UVCsource are discussed.
A Method for the Reduction of Out-of-Band Measurement Errors in Multi-band Instruments using Synthetic Source Distributions
Authors: Brown S W , Shaw P-S
Published: January 2022

A method to reduce multi-band sensor measurement biases due to finite out-of-band response is described. The method takes advantage of the fact that out-of-band measurement errors cancel if the calibration source and the measured source have the same spectral distributions—independent of their spectral distributions or the magnitude of a sensor band’s out-of-band response. Using a known spectral responsivity, a synthetic, arbitrary source spectral distribution can replace a realized spectral distribution in the measurement equation and the signal can be calculated rather than measured. Given the freedom to select any arbitrary distribution for the synthetic source, the efficacy of the approach depends on the fidelity of the replication of the measured spectrum by the synthetic source spectrum. To illustrate the method, an example application is given of top-of-the-atmosphere measurements of water-leaving radiance by multi-band filter radiometers on celestial Earth-viewing sensors.
First International Seminar on Physical Infrastructure (1st ISPI)
Authors: Yung-Vargas Y W , Rodríguez-Lizcano A , Ortiz-Vasquez L F , Rojas-Suárez J P , Niño E D V
Published: January 2022

The First International Seminar on Physical Infrastructure (1st ISPI) was an academic and scientific event organized by the Road Infrastructure Research Group and the Road Infrastructure Research Seedbed of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, San José de Cúcuta, Colombia; the 1st ISPI was held from October 13 to 15, 2021

The purpose of the 1st ISPI was to allow the academic and scientific community, researchers, professors, professionals, and students, to share results and research proposals in the areas of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physics; during the 1st ISPI is presented 29 research work, of which 6 were plenary lectures from Spain, Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia, and 23 talks, on different topics that allowed to the participants the to learn about the current state of the Physical Infrastructure, the Mathematical Modeling, the Physical and Numerical Modeling, the Physicochemical Phenomena in Engineering, the Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, the Simulation of Physical- Mathematical Problems in Engineering, and the Teaching and Research Techniques in Science and Engineering. The website of the conference is available at https://foristom.org/1ispi.

On behalf of the organizing committee of the 1st ISPI, we are extremely thankful to all authors and participants for providing their valuable contributions to this Proceedings volume as well as the reviewers for their constructive recommendations and criticism aiding to improve the presented articles. Likewise, we like to thank the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, and the Foundation of Researchers in Materials Science and Technology, for all the support technical and logistical received.

Likewise, the organizing committee 1st ISPI thanks all who attended this edition of the event, and we are very proud to have carried out this event successfully that allowing the generation and effective transfer of new knowledge regarding the topics addressed during the event; we will be waiting for you at the 2nd ISPI in 2022.

Finally, the editor hopes that those interested in the area of physical infrastructure can enjoy this reading, of the volume of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS), which reflects a wide variety of current issues.

List of Organizing Committee, Photos are available in this pdf.
Structural and physical evaluation of a reinforced beam using strain gauges
Authors: Afanador-Garcia N , Guerrero-Gomez G , Gallardo-Amaya R
Published: January 2022

In this research project,the deformations in the longitudinal and transverse reinforcing steel of a reinforced concrete beam with 2ϕ½” were estimated.Additionally,the displacements in thecenter of thespanweremeasuredtogether with theloads, which generatedthecrackingof the beam of dimensions180 mm×240 mm×3100 mm.Displacement were performed using a linear variable displacement transducer, and strain gauges were used to measure deformations. Finally, the applied load’s measurements were obtained with a load cell Pinzuar/Model-100/20T equipment.The physical-mechanical properties of the concreteused were determined through compressive strength tests at 28 days and modulus of elasticity.For this purpose, a load-bearing frame was used to support the beam at three points for load application.The data was collected directly on the Quantum/X2 equipment and analyzed with the help of the Catman/AP software.The maximum deformations found in the bending test at three point since there inforced concrete beam we are not greater than 8483µm/mm,presenting a failure in the center of the beam due to the creep of the tensile steel for a maximum load of 3115 Kg.Finally,the physical behavior of there inforced concrete beam with applying aload allows evaluating and optimizing this kind of systems.
An application of physics: simply supported bridges made of post-tensioned concrete and structural steel beams
Authors: Márquez-Peñaranda J F , Pineda-Rodríguez J R , Rojas-Suárez J P
Published: January 2022

Bridges represent an important application of physics capable of solving real transportation problems. Knowledge of convenience of different mechanical solutions when analyzing and designing bridge is needed. For these reasons, this work is focused on the study of convenience of using two types of bridges. Simply supported short-medium span bridges (30 m to 45 m) are usually excessively long when choosing reinforced concrete solutions and usually short for other types of structures such as cable-stayed or cantilever bridges. The suitability of simply supported bridges leads to the need of studying their cost benefit ratios. This work studies the cost benefit ratio for post-tensioned concrete beams and structural steel girders in simply supported straight bridges. Eight models built of type I sections were used in both cases to analyze the bridges using a software based on the stiffness method. Span of each bridge was set to 30 m, 35 m, 40 m, and 45 m. The convenience of each type of bridge was done comparing the total and the cost per linear meter of each solution (post-tensioned and structural steel). Comparison was done using material consumption, labor, and construction processes costs only. Also, allowable vertical displacement given by current bridge design standards was verified.
Evaluation of recycled asphalt pavement in Colombia
Authors: Yung-Vargas Y W , Rondón-Quintana H A , Córdoba-Maquilón J E
Published: January 2022

Reclaimed asphalt pavements are obtained from existing pavements through recovery techniques and are used for new asphalt mixtures production with the inclusion of virgin aggregates and asphalt cement, constituting environmentally friendly mixtures at a lower total cost, by requiring fewer quantities of new materials. This research, unlike the studies found on the subject, focuses on the study of reclaimed asphalt pavement by analyzing its granulometric distribution and asphalt cement content. For this purpose, representative reclaimed asphalt pavement samples were taken from four Colombia cities, to verify their heterogeneity. The obtained reclaimed asphalt pavement was analyzed in the laboratory, to obtain the material granulometric distribution, through extraction and asphalt content tests, following Colombian regulations from the “Instituto Nacional de Vías”. The results show that the granulometry of all cities has a central tendency (average) that moves towards an upper limit in the 2 mm particles. When analyzing the granulometry separately of the four cities, it is observed that they present a different trend in their granulometry, which shows their heterogeneity. The asphalt cement content presented values between 4.0% and 5.0%.
Development of an integrated cooling system for motorcycle helmet by physical study of temperature variations and heat transfer
Authors: Zambrano-Becerra S F , Galvis-Sanchez P M , Perez-Rangel N Y , Florez-Solano E , Espinel-Blanco E
Published: January 2022

In Colombia, the most widely used means of transport today are motorcycles, which have become increasingly numerous, bearing in mind that they are subject to laws and regulations imposed by the country’s mobility, transit and transport agencies, the use of helmets is mandatory for drivers and passengers, safety measures are monitored, the hull must be certified and meet the required technical standards; whereas its role is to protect people in the event of accidents, regulations require that the helmet be completely closed to protect the entire head and chin; the design of the helmet allows air entry and there is no concentration of temperature inside, all this is done by implementing air inlet and outlet ducts, which circulate air when the motorcycle is in motion, unfortunately this does not happen due to the accumulation of temperature in the back of the helmet that makes the user feel tired and uncomfortable. This research proposes the development of a prototype portable cooling system for motorcycle helmets by the physical principle of heat transfer, by using Peltier cells, to have low production cost, optimal operation, and low energy consumption thanks to natural air flow.
Simulation of inference test performance for minimum inhibitory concentration censored data
Authors: Torres-Mantilla H A , Cuesta-Herrera L , Andrades-Grassi J E , Bianchi G
Published: January 2022

The estimation of the minimum inhibitory concentration is usually performed by a method of serial dilutions by a factor of 2, introducing the overestimation of antimicrobial efficacy, quantified by a simulation model that shows that the variability of the bias is higher for the standard deviation, being dependent on the metric distance to the values of the concentrations used. We use a methodological approach through modeling and simulation for the measurement error of physical variables with censored information, proposing a new inference method based on the calculation of the exact probability for the set of possible samples from nmeasurements that allows quantifying the p-value in one or two independent sample tests for the comparison of censored data means. Tests based on exact probability methods offer a reasonable solution for small sample sizes, with statistical power varying according to the hypothesis evaluated, providing insight into the limitations of censored data analysis and providing a tool for decision making in the diagnosis of antimicrobial efficacy.
Prediction of survival of Pinus radiata seedlings subjected to physical-water restriction extreme using learning neural networks
Authors: Vásquez-Coronel J , Altamirano-Fernández A , Espinoza-Meza S , Rodriguez-Gallardo M
Published: January 2022

Drought is one of the main environmental factors that limit plant growth. For this reason, it is necessary to apply nursery cultural practices to produce quality seedlings for successful reforestation in drought- prone sites. In this study, the extreme learning machines and multilayer are applied to predict survival in 5-month-oldPinus radiataseedlings belonging to 98 families of a genetic improvement program and subjected to a period of water restriction in the nursery. After applying the water restriction, survival was registered in each seedling as a categorical variable (1 = alive seedling, 0 = dead seedling). Additionally, the following morphological attributes of each seedling were also measured: total height, root collar diameter, slenderness index, dry weight of needles, stems and roots, total dry weight, and the root to shoot ratio. The extreme learning machines predicted with a better rate the survival of the “alive” class compared to the “dead” class. On the other hand, the multilayer-extreme learning machines improved the precision of survival concerning the class of “dead” seedlings. According to the results of the model, an overall precision of 74% was obtained. This may be due to the great genetic variability presented by each of thePinus radiatafamily used in the database. However, this technique allowed predicting the survival of a group of seedlings grown in the nursery, which can be a tool to support the selection process of high quality planting stock.
Design of the high field side antenna of the new reflectometric system for plasma position estimate in RFXmod2
Authors: Marchiori G. , Cavazzana R. , De Masi G. , Moresco M.
Published: January 2022

A reflectometric system will be installed in the RFX-mod2 experiment, consisting of 4 couples of transmitting/receiving antennas working in the range 16–26.5 GHz in X-mode wave propagation for tokamak discharges. They will be placed within dedicated plasma accesses in the same poloidal section at 4 equispaced poloidal positions, two on the equatorial plane, High Field Side (HFS)/Low Field Side (LFS), and two at the vertical top/bottom ports. This configuration was conceived to perform plasma position control experiments without using the magnetic measurement signals. While the accesses in LFS, top and bottom positions will accommodate pyramidal antennas, the strict room constraints in the HFS position required a special routing of the feeding waveguide and the design of a different type of antenna, described in the paper. The horn reflector (also named hoghorn) type was preferred which allows radiating (and receiving) a beam at a 90° direction with respect to the horn axis, which will be perpendicular to the equatorial plane. After fixing a reference working frequency f = 21 GHz (wavelength λ = 14.3 mm), an antenna fitting the available room was designed by means of the COMSOL Multiphysics Radio Frequency module. Four different versions were developed by introducing some modifications of the aperture shape to study their effect on the antenna performance. FEM analyses were run for frequencies in the 17–26 GHz interval to characterize the frequency response in terms of radiative patterns of the total and far electric field. The directivity of the antennae was also evaluated. The 4 versions exhibited comparable responses and the observed beam directional properties at the expected plasma distance were considered acceptable for the development of this application. A prototype of the antenna has been realized by additive manufacturing process.
Stray radiation produced in FLASH electron beams characterized by the MiniPIX Timepix3 Flex detector
Authors: Oancea C. , Bălan C. , Pivec J. , Granja C. , Jakubek J. , Chvatil D. , Olsansky V. , Chiș V.
Published: January 2022

This work aims to characterize ultra-high dose rate pulses (UHDpulse) electron beams using the hybrid semiconductor pixel detector. The Timepix3 (TPX3) ASIC chip was used to measure the composition, spatial, time, and spectral characteristics of the secondary radiation fields from pulsed 15–23 MeV electron beams. The challenge is to develop a single compact detector that could extract spectrometric and dosimetric information on such high flux short-pulsed fields. For secondary beam measurements, PMMA plates of 1 and 8 cm thickness were placed in front of the electron beam, with a pulse duration of 3.5 µs. Timepix3 detectors with silicon sensors of 100 and 500 µm thickness were placed on a shifting stage allowing for data acquisition at various lateral positions to the beam axis. The use of the detector in FLEXI configuration enables suitable measurements in-situ and minimal self-shielding. Preliminary results highlight both the technique and the detector’s ability to measure individual UHDpulses of electron beams delivered in short pulses. In addition, the use of the two signal chains per-pixel enables the estimation of particle flux and the scattered dose rates (DRs) at various distances from the beam core, in mixed radiation fields.
The CDAU — a common data acquisition unit for the radiation imaging detectors at HIRFL-CSR
Authors: Zhang H. , Yang H. , Li X. , Zhao C.
Published: January 2022

A common data acquisition unit (CDAU) has been designed for data transmission in the radiation imaging detectors in the Heavy Ion Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). With a bandwidth of 64 Gbps, this CDAU can meet the need for most of the experiment. The CDAU can connect four front-end readout cards (FECs) through optical links for data collection, packaging, and transmission. This CDAU is based on the PCI Express (PCIe) Gen3 bus, using Xilinx Kintex Ultrascale series FPGA, combined with the periphery circuits design to complete the data acquisition system. This paper will discuss the design and performance of the CDAU.
Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC
Authors: Gil‐Botella I.
Published: January 2022

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a leading-edge experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE-Dual Phase (DP) is a 6 × 6 × 6 m3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) operated at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019–2020 as a prototype of the DUNE far detector. In ProtoDUNE-DP, the scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, we present the performance of the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system, comparing different wavelength-shifting techniques and the use of xenon-doped LAr as a promising option for future large LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and compared to simulations, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.
System-on-chip integrated circuit technology applications on the DIII-D tokamak for multi-field measurements
Authors: Zheng Y. , Yu G.Y. , Chen J. , Chen Y. , Zhu Y.L. , Domier C.W. , Brower D.L. , Luhmann N.C.
Published: January 2022

Several mm-wave diagnostics on the DIII-D tokamak provide multi-scale and multi-dimensional measurements of plasma profile evolution and turbulence fluctuations. Mm-wave fusion plasma diagnostics that adopt system-on-chip integrated circuit technology can provide better space utilization, flexible installation, and improved sensitivity. In order to further extend this technology for additional fusion facilities with a higher toroidal magnetic field, V-band (55–75 GHz) and F-band (90–140 GHz) chips for Microwave Imaging Reflectometer (MIR) and Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) instruments are developed and tested in the Davis Millimeter Wave Research Center (DMRC). Current measurement data show that correlation between these SoC-based diagnostic instruments with other state-of-the-art diagnostics enables co-located multi-field turbulence fluctuation measurement.
End-to-end simulations of the MUon RAdiography of VESuvius experiment
Authors: Samalan A. , Basnet S. , Bonechi L. , Cimmino L. , D’Alessandro R. , D’Errico M. , Giammanco A. , Karnam R. , Macedonio G. , Moussawi M. , Rendon C. , Saracino G. , Tytgat M.
Published: January 2022

The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project aims at the study of the summital cone of Mt. Vesuvius, an active volcano near Naples (Italy), by measuring its density profile through muon flux attenuation. Its data, combined with those from gravimetric and seismic measurement campaigns, will be used for better defining the volcanic plug at the bottom of the crater. We report on the development of an end-to-end simulation framework, in order to perform accurate investigations of the effects of the experimental constraints and to compare simulations, under various model hypotheses, with the actual observations. The detector simulation setup is developed using GEANT4 and a study of cosmic particle generators has been conducted to identify the most suitable one for our simulation framework. To mimic the real data, GEANT4 raw hits are converted to clusters through a simulated digitization: energy deposits are first summed per scintillator bar, and then converted to number of photoelectrons with a data-driven procedure. This is followed by the same clustering algorithm and same tracking code as in real data. We also report on the study of muon transport through rock using PUMAS and GEANT4. In this paper we elaborate on the rationale for our technical choices, including trade-off between speed and accuracy. The developments reported here are of general interest in muon radiography and can be applied in similar cases.
Benchmarking 2D against 3D FDTD codes for the assessment of the measurement performance of a low field side plasma position reflectometer applicable to IDTT
Authors: da Silva F. , Ricardo E. , Ferreira J. , Santos J. , Heuraux S. , Silva A. , Ribeiro T. , De Masi G. , Tudisco O. , Cavazzana R. , D’Arcangelo O.
Published: January 2022

O-mode reflectometry, a technique to diagnose fusion plasmas, is foreseen as a source of real-time (RT) plasma position and shape measurements for control purposes in the coming generation of machines such as DEMO. It is, thus, of paramount importance to predict the behavior and capabilities of these new reflectometry systems using synthetic diagnostics. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) time-dependent codes allow for a comprehensive description of reflectometry but are computationally demanding, especially when it comes to three-dimensional (3D) simulations, which requires access to High Performance Computing (HPC) facilities, making the use of two-dimensional (2D) codes much more common. It is important to understand the compromises made when using a 2D model in order to decide if it is applicable or if a 3D approach is required. This work attempts to answer this question by comparing simulations of a potential plasma position reflectometer (PPR) at the Low Field-Side (LFS) on the Italian Divertor Tokamak Test facility (IDTT) carried out using two full-wave FDTD codes, REFMULF (2D) and REFMUL3 (3D). In particular, the simulations consider one of IDTT’s foreseen plasma scenarios, namely, a Single Null (SN) configuration, at the Start Of Flat-top (SOF) of the plasma current.
A poloidal high-k scattering system for NSTX-U
Authors: Domier C.W. , Dannenberg J. , Zhu Y. , Liu X. , Sirigiri J.R. , Ren Y. , Stratton B. , Luhmann N.C.
Published: January 2022

A previous 5-channel tangential high-k scattering system is being replaced by an 8-channel, poloidal high-k scattering system on the National Spherical Torus eXperiment Upgrade (NSTX-U) device located in Princeton, NJ, USA. The 693 GHz poloidal scattering system replaces a 280 GHz tangential scattering system to study high-k electron density fluctuations on NSTX-U, thereby considerably enhancing planned turbulence physics studies by providing a measurement of the k

θ
-spectrum of both electron temperature gradient (ETG) and ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes. Two approaches to generating the 693 GHz probe beam are under development: an optically-pumped far-infrared (FIR) laser that generates ∼50 mW, and a compact gyrotron that can potentially generate in excess of 5 W. Large aperture optics collect radiation scattered from density fluctuations in the plasma core at 8 simultaneous scattering angles ranging from 2 to 15° corresponding to poloidal wavenumbers that extend to >40 cm−1. Steerable launch optics coupled with receiver optics mounted on a 5-axis receiver carriage allow the scattering volume to be placed radially from r/a = 0.3 out to the pedestal region (r/a ∼ 0.99) and translated horizontally as needed to satisfy wavenumber matching.
Design of a 9-bit column-parallel ADC in the MAPS for real-time beam monitoring
Authors: Cao B. , Wang Y. , Wen Y. , Tian Y. , Liao J. , Lu W. , Wang H. , Yang H. , Li X. , Niu X. , Zhou W. , Zhao C.
Published: January 2022

This paper describes a 2 Msps 9-bit column-parallel ADC for monolithic active pixel sensor. It is designed in fully differential cyclic architecture and takes eight clock cycles to perform a 9-bit conversion. This ADC is fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS process. Each ADC covers a small area of 100 µm × 300 µm and consumes ∼5 mW. The measurement results show that this ADC has a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 46.8 dB. The DNL (Differential Nonlinearity) and (Integral Nonlinearity) INL are 0.168 LSB and 0.112 LSB, respectively. The effective number of bits (ENOB) is 7.48 bits.
TCAD simulations of non-irradiated and irradiated low-gain avalanche diodes and comparison with measurements
Authors: Croci T. , Morozzi A. , Moscatelli F. , Sola V. , Borghi G. , Paternoster G. , Centis Vignali M. , Asenov P. , Passeri D.
Published: January 2022

In this work, the results of Technology-CAD (TCAD) device-level simulations of non-irradiated and irradiated Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) detectors and their validation against experimental data will be presented. Thanks to the intrinsic multiplication of the charge within these silicon sensors, it is possible to improve the signal to noise ratio thus limiting its drastic reduction with fluence, as it happens instead for standard silicon detectors. Therefore, special attention has been devoted to the choice of the avalanche model, which allows the simulation findings to better fit with experimental data. Moreover, a radiation damage model (called “New University of Perugia TCAD model”) has been fully implemented within the simulation environment, to have a predictive insight into the electrical behavior and the charge collection properties of the LGAD detectors, up to the highest particle fluences expected in the future High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. This numerical model allows to consider the comprehensive bulk and surface damage effects induced by radiation on silicon sensors. By coupling the “New University of Perugia TCAD model” with an analytical model that describes the mechanism of acceptor removal in the multiplication layer, it has been possible to reproduce experimental data with high accuracy, demonstrating the reliability of the simulation framework.
3D cosmic-ray muon tomography using portable muography detector
Authors: Chaiwongkhot K. , Kin T. , Nagata Y. , Komori T. , Okamoto N. , Basiri H.
Published: January 2022

A feasibility demonstration of three-dimensional (3D) muon
tomography was performed for infrastructure equivalent targets using
the proposed portable muography detector. For the target, we used
two sets of lead blocks placed at different heights. The detector
consists of two muon position-sensitive detectors, made of plastic
scintillating fibers (PSFs) and multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs)
with an angular resolution of 8 msr. In this work, the maximum
likelihood-expectation maximization (ML-EM) method was used for the
3D imaging reconstruction of the muography. For both simulation and
experiment, the reconstructed positions of the blocks produce
consistent results with prior knowledge of the blocks'
arrangement. This result demonstrates the potential of the 3D
tomographic imaging of infrastructure by using seven detection
positions for portable muography detectors to image infrastructure
scale targets.
Assessment of radiative heating errors in Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array marine air temperature measurements
Authors: De Rovere Francesco , Zanchettin Davide , McPhaden Michael J , Rubino Angelo
Published: January 2022

We assess the radiative heating error affecting marine air temperature (MAT) measurements in the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array. The error in historical observations is found to be ubiquitous across the array, spatially variable and approximately stationary in time. The error induces spurious warming during daytime hours, but does not affect night-time temperatures. The range encompassing the real, unknown daily- and monthly-mean values is determined using daytime and night-time mean temperatures as upper and lower limits. The uncertainty in MAT is less than or equal to 0.5 °C and 0.2 °C for 95% of daily and monthly estimates, respectively. Uncertainties impact surface turbulent heat flux estimates, with potentially significant influences on the quantification of coupled ocean-atmosphere processes.
Quantum walk on a comb with infinite teeth
Authors: David François , Jonsson Thordur
Published: January 2022

We study continuous time quantum walk on a comb with infinite teeth and show that the return probability to the starting point decays with time t as t
−1. We analyse the diffusion along the spine and into the teeth and show that the walk can escape into the teeth with a finite probability and goes to infinity along the spine with a finite probability. The walk along the spine and into the teeth behaves qualitatively as a quantum walk on a line. This behaviour is quite different from that of classical random walk on the comb.
Double scaling limit for the O(N)3-invariant tensor model
Authors: Bonzom V , Nador V , Tanasa A
Published: January 2022

We study the double scaling limit of the O(N)3-invariant tensor model, initially introduced in Carrozza and Tanasa (2016 Lett. Math. Phys.
106 1531). This model has an interacting part containing two types of quartic invariants, the tetrahedric and the pillow one. For the two-point function, we rewrite the sum over Feynman graphs at each order in the 1/N expansion as a finite sum, where the summand is a function of the generating series of melons and chains (a.k.a. ladders). The graphs which are the most singular in the continuum limit are characterized at each order in the 1/N expansion. This leads to a double scaling limit which picks up contributions from all orders in the 1/N expansion. In contrast with matrix models, but similarly to previous double scaling limits in tensor models, this double scaling limit is summable. The tools used in order to prove our results are combinatorial, namely a thorough diagrammatic analysis of the Feynman graphs, as well as an analytic analysis of the singularities of the relevant generating series.
Hydrodynamics of quantum entropies in Ising chains with linear dissipation
Authors: Alba Vincenzo , Carollo Federico
Published: January 2022

We study the dynamics of quantum information and of quantum correlations after a quantum quench, in transverse field Ising chains subject to generic linear dissipation. As we show, in the hydrodynamic limit of long times, large system sizes, and weak dissipation, entropy-related quantities—such as the von Neumann entropy, the Rényi entropies, and the associated mutual information—admit a simple description within the so-called quasiparticle picture. Specifically, we analytically derive a hydrodynamic formula, recently conjectured for generic noninteracting systems, which allows us to demonstrate a universal feature of the dynamics of correlations in such dissipative noninteracting system. For any possible dissipation, the mutual information grows up to a time scale that is proportional to the inverse dissipation rate, and then decreases, always vanishing in the long time limit. In passing, we provide analytic formulas describing the time-dependence of arbitrary functions of the fermionic covariance matrix, in the hydrodynamic limit.
Maxwell–Lorentz without self-interactions: conservation of energy and momentum
Authors: Gratus Jonathan
Published: January 2022

Since a classical charged point particle radiates energy and momentum it is argued that there must be a radiation reaction force. Here we present an action for the Maxwell–Lorentz without self-interactions model, where each particle only responds to the fields of the other charged particles. The corresponding stress–energy tensor automatically conserves energy and momentum in Minkowski and other appropriate spacetimes. Hence there is no need for any radiation reaction.
Occurrence of microplastics in the sediments of Baseco Port area at Manila Bay, Philippines
Authors: Castro L J A , Monsada A M , Cruz K D
Published: January 2022

Microplastic in marine sediments is nowadays considered an environmental pollutant. Seaports are particularly susceptible to microplastic pollution through series of human activities occurring in these areas. In the Philippines, research on microplastics is still limited and there is still no study determining the occurrence of microplastics in the harbour of Manila Bay, Philippines. Hence, this work conducted a preliminary investigation of microplastics in the sediments of Baseco Port area, Manila Bay. Nine stations within the study region were sampled. The types of microplastics found are fragments, foam, fiber, film, pellet, and filament with an average size measurement of 1.6±1.4 mm. Results from this study suggest that anthropogenic impacts are most likely the dominant sources of accumulation and distribution of microplastics in the sediments of Baseco port. This study provides preliminary assessment of microplastics contamination in the area that may serve as important reference for further studies.
Influence of annealing on the functional properties of the NiTi alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Resnina N , Palani I A , Belyaev S , Bikbaev R , Singh Shalini , Mani Prabu S S , Jayachandran S
Published: January 2022

The influence of the annealing temperature on the recoverable strain variation on cooling and heating under a stress of 200 MPa was studied in the NiTi samples produced by wire arc additive manufacturing. The samples including the Ni-rich NiTi layer in the working length were annealed for 10 hours at various temperature from 450 to 600 °C. It is shown that an increase in annealing temperature leads to non-monontonic variation in the recoverable strain. This is caused by an increase in annealing temperature from 450 to 550 °C increases the volume fraction of Ni4Ti3 precipitates. As a result, the volume fraction of the NiTi phase undergoing the martensitic transformation and recoverable strain decrease. An increase in annealing temperature from 550 to 600 °C leads to a dissolving the Ni4Ti3 precipitates and formation of the Ni3Ti2 precipitates that increases the volume fraction of the NiTi phase and the recoverable strain.
Ab initio study of the phase stability of modulated structures in Co-doped Ni-Mn-In (Sn) Heusler alloys
Authors: Erager K R , Sokolovskiy V V , Buchelnikov V D
Published: January 2022

Using ab initio calculations, the phase stability of modulated and tetragonal martensitic structures in Ni43.75Co6.25Mn43.75(In, Sn)6.25 Heusler alloys with different magnetic order is investigated. The stability against the segregation is considered by a method for generating all possible decay reactions assuming the calculated ground state energies of each composition. It is shown that the highest probable stability under equilibrium conditions is demonstrated by alloys with tetragonal martensitic structure in accordance with reactions: Ni35Co5Mn35In5 → 25Mn + 35Ni + 5Mn2InCo and Ni35Co5Mn35Sn5 → 5CoSn + 35Mn + 35Ni.
Design of thermoformable three dimensional-printed PLA cast for fractured wrist
Authors: Sorimpuk N P , Choong W H , Chua B L
Published: January 2022

Patient specific plastic cast for broken limbs has been developed recently in pharmaceutical field through three-dimensional (3D) printing method. However, the production of a 3D printed cast through normal 3D printing method is time consuming compared to conventional plaster casting. In this study, a design of ventilated structured thermoformable 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) cast was produced as an alternative for the 3D printed cast production method. This design was initially printed in a flat shape and then transformed into a cast which can be fitted to the user’s arm by using heat and external force. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method was used to assess the mechanical properties of the proposed cast. In this analysis, thethermoformable design was exerted with a distributed force of 400 N, which is larger than the loading conditions encountered by human in their daily life. The mechanical properties of the thermoformable PLA cast such as local displacement under a specific load, maximum load, and stress were evaluated. Results were compared with the mechanical properties of Plaster of Paris cast. The results obtained from the FEA indicates that at the same layer thickness, the thermoformable 3D-printed PLA cast is stronger than the Plaster of Paris cast.
Plastic straining and concomitant microstructure recrystallization of Ni-Cu alloy in the undercooled condition
Authors: An H , Siambun N J , Chua B L , Gan M J H
Published: January 2022

Microstructure and microtexture of rapidly solidified undercooled Ni-Cu alloys were investigated. The characteristic undercooling of Ni80Cu20 alloy was determined as 45K, 90K and 160K. Dendrite deformation due to rapid solidification led to strong deformation microtexture. Due to recrystallization upon annealing after recalescence, many subgrains were formed in the microstructure. Further, annealing the quenched alloy at 900°, new microtextures and subgrains were formed, which was due to recrystallization and dislocation network rearrangement. The results of comparative experiment proved the recrystallization mechanism of the microstructure refinement in the non-equilibrium solidification structure of the undercooled binary alloy
Fabrication and preliminary assessment of aramid reinforced polymer composite material
Authors: Siti N H M , Choong W H
Published: January 2022

A knowledge of the material constituents and fabrication process is generally required for easing the composite material properties study and characterization. This paper presents the methodology of aramid reinforced polymer composite material preliminary assessment and fabrication. The demonstration is carried out through the development of mechanical properties characterization specimen. The composite material specimen is fabricated by utilizing the open mould with hand lay-up method, where three types of laminates include of unidirectional, orthotropic, quasi-isotropic cross plies are demonstrated. A template is applied for preparing specific fibre orientation 45°angle. Plies are lay accordingly with guided by a square guide for minimizing the off-orientation angle defect. Preliminary assessment is included of verification of unidirectional aramid fabric quality, cured specimen physical defect, internal defect through micrography analysis and material volume fraction prediction. Average specimen fibre volume fraction of 0.64 is predicted by determined the fibre filament geometry detail through micrography analysis. There are several fabrication defects had been identified. The defect identification findings shall be referred for further improvement of material preparation and fabrication method.
Fracture energy for orthogonal cutting in unidirectional CFRP at different cutting directions
Authors: Amir A N , Ghazali H , Wang H , Ye L , Fadi N A , Ali W F F W , Yusoff R
Published: January 2022

A unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate is a composite material made up of strong parallel carbon fibres incorporated in a polymer matrix such as epoxy to provide high stiffness and strength in the fibre direction of the laminate. Unfortunately, the interlaminar or intralaminar plane of this material has a low resistance to damages as the fracture toughness of a unidirectional CFRP laminate is related to the energy dissipation during the orthogonal cutting. The aim of this study is on cutting a unidirectional CFRP along the longitudinal or transverse directions, characterizing orthogonal cutting forces and the related fracture energy. Orthogonal cutting is performed using braised carbide tools for a range of cutting depth of 10-100 ³m with a rake angle of 30° to quantify the cutting forces and to observe the fracture mechanisms. The fibre orientations have a significant impact on surface bouncing-back. For some fibre orientations, the energy balance model is applicable, deducting the reasonable value of fracture toughness due to high normal force (F
t). Fibre subsurface damage and cutting forces during cutting are found to be strongly influenced by the cutting depth. The input energy of cutting is released in form of new surface energy, fibre breakage, high bending energy, and chip fracture energy.
Investigation of specific energy absorption of natural fiber honeycomb sandwich structure composite as building construction material application
Authors: Al-Azad Nahiyan , Mohd. Kamal Mohd Shah
Published: January 2022

The usage of incorporating natural fibre in composite material has seen some potential to be used as a future building construction material due to its recyclability, lightweight and high-reliability feature. However, the issue of implementing natural fibre as building construction material in composites material concerns the structural integrity of the material. As the characteristics of the natural fibre honeycomb composite have been discovered more in terms of properties which ranges from its physical and chemical structural composition to the quasi-static impact collapse of the material, the absorption energy of the material in different cell geometry is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study involves the testing of the natural fibre honeycomb (NFH) composite made from cement fibre (face sheet) and corn starch (core) with regards to its crushing behaviour when subjected to flatwise compression load according to ASTM D-3410 standard to analyse the performance of energy absorption of NFH composite with different thicknesses of the hexagonal core and cell wall thickness to determine the Specific Energy Absorption of the material. The result obtained shows that the increasing thicknesses of the core and cell wall improves the ability of the composite to absorb more energy and the specific energy absorption is higher when both factors are increased.