bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Intake Orifice and a Proposed Method for Testing Exhaust Fans
Authors: Ebaugh N. C. , Whitfield R.
Published: February 2023

This paper presents the results of laboratory tests which were made to determine the characteristics of large thin-plate orifices mounted on the intake end of a pipe, when low differential pressures of the order of 0.1 to 2.0 in. of water were used, and then suggests the use of such orifices in fan testing.

The characteristics presented are the variation of the pressure below the orifice plate, the shift of the vena contracta with size and with differential pressure, and the coefficient of discharge.

Tests were made on five different sizes ranging from 20 to 100 per cent of pipe area. One of the plates was cut with a cold chisel to test the effect of roughness in large sizes. The pressure gradient below the plate was measured with a micromanometer which gives a direct reading of 0.001 in. of alcohol. The air flow was measured with a calibrated venturi meter.

The results obtained indicate that the intake orifice is a very satisfactory metering element for differential pressures as low as 0.05 in. of water. Although the location of the vena contracta shifts both with orifice size and with differential pressure, a single pressure tap located 40 per cent of the pipe diameter downstream from the orifice plate may be used for orifice sizes of from 20 to 80 per cent of the pipe area and for differential pressures above 0.1 in. of water, with a coefficient of discharge of 0.601. The coefficient of the large orifice was not appreciably affected by rough edges.

A bibliography and an appendix on the calibration of instruments, and comparison of pitot tubes are appended.
New Spring Formulas and New Materials for Precision Spring Scales
Authors: Sayre M. F. , de Forest A. V.
Published: February 2023

This paper describes development work on springs for precision measuring instruments in which the various errors or deviations from desired behavior of the springs were studied separately. These errors were then compensated for by the design of a new-type helical spring, the combined error of which was reduced to well within 0.05 per cent.

Variations due to change in elastic modulus with changes in temperature were eliminated essentially by the development of a special alloy of a modified elinvar type containing 36 per cent nickel; 8 per cent or more chromium; 4 per cent of other elements including manganese, silicon, molybdenum, copper, and vanadium; and the remainder iron. By making use of a high degree of cold drawing followed by a moderate-temperature heat-treatment and by other special processing, safe working stresses were raised to 60,000 lb per sq in. in shear, while the error due to creep under working loads was reduced to less than 0.02 per cent and the error due to “back error” or hysteresis was reduced to less than 0.04 per cent.

Due to changes in pitch angle of wire and in radius of the coil as the load is applied, the load-deflection curve for a truly elastic helical spring of round wire deviates slightly from a straight line. Accurate formulas for the curve are developed in the paper. Using wires with the proper rectangular cross section, the resulting helical springs will theoretically have an exact straight-line rate. Actual behavior of these springs approximates very closely their theoretical behavior. An error results from the twisting of the springs under load. This has been corrected by using two springs in series, oppositely wound.

Various other means of compensating for the various errors were also studied, some of which are mentioned in the paper.
Experimental Determinations of the Flow Characteristics in the Volutes of Centrifugal Pumps
Authors: Binder R. C. , Knapp R. T.
Published: February 2023

This paper is a discussion of an exhaustive study which was made to determine internal-flow characteristics of two high-efficiency, high-head centrifugal pumps of commercial design. Special equipment was constructed to measure instantaneous values of pressures and velocities at various stations in the volutes. The authors discuss previous work of a nature similar to their study. They describe briefly the apparatus used in their tests, the arrangement of the test equipment, and the accuracy of the equipment used to measure the instantaneous values of pressures and velocities in the volutes. The results of the tests are presented in graphical form.
Cavitation on Marine Propellers
Authors: Smith Lybrand P.
Published: February 2023

The author defines terms used In connection with cavitation of marine propellers and hydraulic turbines. He points out that cavitation is a problem of growing importance where higher powers and speeds are required, and when cavitation occurs that thrust, torque, and efficiency are reduced and erosion of the hardest metals occurs. Theoretical and experimental research into the mechanics of cavitation and its effect on thrust, torque, and efficiency is reported. The author reports that the standard or usual equations for thrust and torque are merely special cases of a general thrust and torque theorem which he develops. He points out that cavitation on marine propellers is a phenomenon different from anything occurring on aerial propellers.

The author discusses the following items in detail: (a) In the general case, thrust and torque coefficients are functions of slip ratio, rotary speed, and pressure, and are not merely functions of slip ratio alone as is generally assumed. (b) For thrust and torque coefficients to be treated as functions of slip ratio only, the propellers must operate at low rotary speed or under high-pressure conditions. (c) Marine propellers operate under low-pressure conditions. (d) A simple equation indicates where burbling cavitation will begin on the back of any blade element, and what can be done to delay the appearance of such cavitation. (e) A vortex, in which the water particles move in approximately helical paths around the axis, is prerequisite to laminar cavitation. (f) A laminar cavity is not in contact with the propeller blade, but is separated therefrom by a wall of water. (g) Both kinds of cavitation can actually reduce thrust and torque with increasing rotary speed, and not merely reduce the thrust and torque below the values which would have been attained in the absence of cavitation, as is usually assumed. (h) After either type of cavitation completely covers the back of propeller blades, thrust and torque will increase again with increasing rotary speed, although at a lesser rate than in the absence of cavitation. (i) Both kinds of cavitation result in an increase of pressure on the cavitating side of the blade in excess of the pressure which would have existed in the absence of cavitation, and this accounts for the relatively small effect on thrust and torque when cavitation occurs on the face of the blade.

In conclusion, the author shows that previously reported explanations are inadequate to account for all the observed effects of cavitation on thrust and torque. He then develops his own theories to explain such effects, and shows that insight into actual physical phenomena has frequently been obscured by the otherwise useful custom of plotting results in the form of dimensionless, or quasi-dimensionless, coefficients against dimensionless products such as Reynolds’ numbers or slip ratio.
Air Chambers and Valves in Relation to Water Hammer
Authors: Angus R. W.
Published: February 2023

The author gives equations which are necessary for the complete analysis of surge conditions in pump-discharge lines when data for the discharge-line conditions are presented graphically. He selects several types of discharge line and presents graphs which indicate water-hammer conditions therein. Some of the types discussed are simple discharge lines from pumps, discharge lines with an air chamber some distance from the pump and also from the reservoir into which the line discharges, discharge lines wherein the water column breaks, and discharge lines wherein water hammer occurs due to the chattering or slamming of valves.
Decomposition of Sodium-Sulphite Solutions at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Taff W. O. , Johnstone H. F. , Straub F. G.
Published: February 2023

The paper describes the experimental apparatus and testing procedure used to determine the effect of high temperature on sodium-sulphite solutions as used in boilers to prevent oxygen from the feedwater from attacking the steel.

The results of the experiments are compiled in tables and graphs showing the decomposition of the sodium sulphite for different values of time, temperature, and pH.

The results show that solutions of sodium sulphite decompose into sulphide, sulphate, and thiosulphate at temperatures above 530 F. Variation of the pH of the solution from 9.5 to 11 has no effect on the rate of the reaction or on the proportions of the decomposition products formed. The reaction is determined to be of the first order and the value of the heat of activation is determined.
Quantitative Analysis of Process Lags
Authors: Mason C. E.
Published: February 2023

The author urges the need for a development of a continuous-process technology resting on quantitative rather than qualitative foundations. He suggests definitions of some of the qualitative terms currently employed in the description of process lag and explains that such generally descriptive terms are not indispensable in process analysis.

To illustrate the quantitative approach, the author derives integrable equations describing the behavior of some elementary thermal systems, and interprets the solutions as the result of definite operations performed on these systems, particular effort being taken to include detailed steps in the mathematical developments.

One type of lag is shown to be expressible, as such, directly in units of time. It is explained that the more general types of lag are best embodied in the structure of a differential equation; while the conventional “time constant” is shown to have meaning only for a restricted class of systems.

A method is suggested for the concrete representation of industrial processes by the easily visualized and comparable form of liquid-level systems. By way of exemplification of this method, such liquid-level equivalents are given for the previously considered thermal processes.

Gradual development of theorems, guided by quantitative mathematical methods, is held as the only sure road to a practical science.
The Behavior of Sodium Sulphite in High-Pressure Steam Boilers
Authors: Hitchens R. M. , Purssell J. W.
Published: February 2023

1 Tests for sulphite and sulphite in condensed steam and for sulphide in boiler water are described, which tests are sensitive to 0.01 ppm as sulphur.

2 By these tests, it was found that no hydrolysis of sodium sulphite occurs up to a boiler pressure of 1775 lb per sq in.

3 Tests on water in boilers operating at 675 and 1400 lb per sq in. pressure showed no auto-oxidation and reduction of sodium sulphite in such waters. Tests on a third boiler, carrying a pressure of 1775 lb per sq in., showed slight traces of such a reaction. The slowness of sulphite consumption in the three boilers precludes any significant auto-oxidation and reduction at the metal surfaces. This is opposed to certain laboratory data which indicate that this reaction is of the first order and rapid at high temperatures.

4 Of the small amounts of sodium sulphite carried into the steam mechanically, a portion decomposes to sulphate and sulphide as the spray of water becomes concentrated or dried. The amounts present, however, are too small to be of significance.

5 In view of these findings, it is the authors’ conclusion that sodium sulphite can be used in high-pressure boilers with no harmful effects.

6 A continuous feed to maintain 10 to 20 ppm sodium sulphite in the boiler water is recommended.
Some Observations on the Yield Point of Low-Carbon Steel
Authors: Winlock Joseph , Leiter Ralph W. E.
Published: February 2023

A study has been made of the yield-point phenomena in low-carbon steel with the view of determining the mechanism of the transition of the metal from the elastic to the plastic state. Unlike copper and aluminum, low-carbon steel does not yield in tension until an excessively high elastic resistance has been built up. This high elastic resistance is the upper yield point. The upper yield point is believed to be of fundamental importance in the Lüders’ line phenomena, and experimental evidence is given which supports this view.
Attack on Steel in High-Capacity Boilers as a Result of Overheating Due to Steam Blanketing
Authors: Partridge Everett P. , Hall R. E.
Published: February 2023

In recent years a number of failures have occurred in certain portions of boilers operating in the pressure range near 1400 psi. Many of these failures have occurred under conditions such that oxygen corrosion or scale could not be considered as the cause. Characteristically the tubes have shown internal attack along the top, generally with definite grooving and the production of black magnetic iron oxide.

The fundamental cause of this type of failure is steam blanketing. In a tube which is only slightly inclined to the horizontal, the steam inevitably tends to rise to the top and move along it. This introduces a considerable resistance to the flow of heat from the tube wall to the fluid, and causes the top of the tube to become more or less seriously overheated. Boiler water of normal alkalinity passing through the tube and touching the overheated surface is concentrated to an excessive degree, with resultant attack on the steel. As has been shown by Berl, the rate of oxidation of steel by water at high boiler temperatures is greatly accelerated by increase in concentration of sodium hydroxide.

Condensed case histories of occurrences of this type of failure in a number of high-pressure boilers are presented. These histories include failures in ash screens in dry-bottom furnaces, floor tubes in slag-bottom furnaces, and slag-screen and top-row tubes in straight-tube cross-drum boilers.

From certain of the case histories it is evident that the dissolution of the steel along the top of steam-blanketed tubes may be stopped or greatly retarded by eliminating caustic alkalinity from the boiler water. This, however, does not affect the fundamental cause, and may merely postpone trouble, as indicated by other case histories in which steam blanketing has resulted not in dissolution of the steel, but in serious cracking.

It is concluded that the best chance of obviating the difficulties which may result from steam blanketing is so to design the surfaces exposed to high rates of heat input that steam blanketing cannot occur, or where slightly inclined tubes must be used, to protect them so that the rate of heat input will be sufficiently low to avoid excessive overheating of the metal.
Viscosity of Coal-Ash Slags
Authors: Nicholls P. , Reid W. T.
Published: February 2023

This paper describes a viscometer for measuring the viscosity of coal-ash slag up to temperatures of 2900 F. The investigations disclose that slags in only a relatively small portion of the field of compositions of coal ash have the melting characteristics of glasses and that, for most compositions, there is a distinct liquidus point. From the limited data available for this progress report, plots for viscosity are given for 2800, 2600, 2400, and 2200 F, as well as showing the liquidus lines for each temperature. The relation between “flow temperature,” as determined in earlier investigations for use with slag-tap furnaces, and viscosity and liquidus temperature is derived.

When complete trilinear diagrams are available, accurate predictions can be made on the effect of mixing the ash of two coals or of the addition of the main constituents. The authors emphasize that predictions of the relative fusion and clinkering characteristics of coals from the softening temperatures of their ashes may give erroneous comparisons, but that the initial and fluid temperatures can be some additional guide.
Power Swings in Hydroelectric Power Plants
Authors: Rheingans W. J.
Published: February 2023

Power swings chargeable to hydraulic turbines have been found in hydroelectric plants built as far back as 1912. However, it has only been during the last ten years that much thought has been given to such swings, their characteristics, source, and elimination. The purpose of this paper is to supply technical data on the subject and to start such discussion as may lead to a better understanding of the problem. The paper shows that power swings are due to draft-tube surges. It deals with the characteristics of such surges, their relation to power swings, the elimination of surges and power swings in the field, if necessary, and a consideration of the factors of the design of a hydroelectric unit which will prevent small draft-tube surges from producing excessive power swings. However, the paper does not present a theoretical analysis of the true origin or source of draft-tube surges, which is a matter for further observation and study and for future discussion.
Mean Temperature Difference in Design
Authors: Bowman R. A. , Mueller A. C. , Nagle W. M.
Published: February 2023

In heat-transfer apparatus the rate of heat flow from the hot to the cold fluid is proportional to the temperature difference between the two. For design purposes, it is necessary to be able to determine the mean difference in temperature from the inlet and exit temperatures. Numerous investigators have contributed analyses of the temperature difference for exchangers with neither counter-nor cocurrent flow. This paper coordinates the results of previous studies on the same basis to give as complete a picture as possible of all the various arrangements of surface and flow. Shell-and-tube exchangers with any number of passes on shell side and tube side are covered as are the crossflow exchangers with different pass arrangements and with mixed and unmixed flow. The special cases of trombone coolers, pot coolers, and batch processes, not previously published, are also treated in detail.
Pump Discharge Valves on the Colorado River Aqueduct
Authors: Peabody R. M.
Published: February 2023

This paper outlines the arrangement and physical equipment of the five pumping plants installed on the Colorado River Aqueduct. Studies and estimates indicated that for these aqueduct plants a common delivery pipe with a valve at each pump was more economical than separate delivery lines. Rotating-plug-type pump valves were finally selected for shutoff service at all plants. With proper control of the rate of closure they can be made to limit the pressure rise to a moderate percentage in systems comparable to those of the Metropolitan Water District. Constructed by two manufacturers for application at different plants, the valves, while varying somewhat in detail, give practically the same operating result. Model tests were conducted by the manufacturers and by the hydraulic laboratory at the California Institute of Technology. Details of the design, construction, and operation of the valves, as well as the test results, are included in the paper.
Interactions of magmatic intrusions with the multiyear flank instability at Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia: Insights from InSAR and analogue modeling
Authors: Zorn Edgar U. , Vassileva Magdalena , Walter Thomas R. , Darmawan Herlan , Röhler Leonie , Amelung Falk
Published: February 2023

Volcano flank collapses have been documented at ocean islands worldwide and are capable of triggering devastating tsunamis, but little is known about the precursory processes and deformation changes prior to flank failure. This makes the 22 December 2018 flank collapse at Anak Krakatau in Indonesia a key event in geosciences. Here, we provide direct insight into the precursory processes of the final collapse. We analyzed interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from 2014 to 2018 and studied the link between the deformation trend and intrusion occurrence through analogue modeling. We found that the flank was already moving at least 4 yr prior to collapse, consistent with slow décollement slip. Movement rates averaged ~27 cm/yr, but they underwent two accelerations coinciding with distinct intrusion events in January/February 2017 and in June 2018. Analogue models suggest that these accelerations occurred by (re)activation of a décollement fault linked to a short episode of magma intrusion. During intrusion, we observed a change in the internal faults, where the outward-directed décollement accelerated while inward faults became partially blocked. These observations suggest that unstable oceanic flanks do not disintegrate abruptly, but their collapse is preceded by observable deformations that can be accelerated by new intrusions.
Supplemental Material: Progressive Miocene unroofing of the Big Maria and Riverside Mountains (southeastern California, USA) along the southwestern margin of the Colorado River extensional corridor
Authors: Flansburg M.E. , Stockli D.F.
Published: February 2023

Progressive Miocene unroofing of the Big Maria and Riverside Mountains (southeastern California, USA) along the southwestern margin of the Colorado River extensional corridor 
Biopsy-proven fungal pyelonephritis complicating delayed graft function in a renal transplant patient
Authors: Jesuthasan Aaron , Roufosse Candice , Ramaswami Arun
Published: February 2023

Delayed graft function (DGF) is a common phenomenon following renal transplantation, which can be due to several factors. A rare cause includes invasive fungal infections, which can often be a challenge to diagnose. Nonetheless, prompt identification of such infections particularly within transplant patients is essential as they can lead to severe downstream sequelae, including graft loss and even death. We describe here a challenging case of fungal pyelonephritis complicating and potentially leading to DGF and further dialysis dependence within a renal transplant patient. Notably, we highlight the importance and clinical utility of biopsy to confirm the diagnosis, as investigations may be largely normal otherwise. Furthermore, we emphasise that with early identification of these infections, effective antifungal treatment can be commenced in a timely fashion leading to better patient outcomes and good graft function.
Cardiac arrest in myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery (MINOCA) secondary to thyroid dysfunction
Authors: Omar Ahmed Moemen A , Knott Kristopher , Saba Magdi M , Lim Pitt O
Published: February 2023

A man in his 40s who was previously well had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Postresuscitation ECG showed ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI). Emergency coronary angiogram revealed MI with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) with evidence of spasm in the right coronary artery. Both his echocardiogram and cardiac MRI revealed a normal heart. Further workup showed markedly elevated free T4 (99.5 pmol/L) and free T3 (26.7 pmol/L) with low thyroid stimulating hormone (<0.02 pmol/L) in keeping with thyroid storm. He also had an elevated adjusted calcium level (2.84 mmol/L), which could have contributed to his coronary artery spasm. His peak troponin T was elevated at 798 ng/L (<14) suggesting myocardial damage. He was treated with propylthiouracil, steroids, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker and intravenous fluids. The patient achieved a full recovery and was discharged home. This is an unusual case of thyroid dysfunction resulting in coronary artery spasm, cardiac arrest and MINOCA.
Providing paediatric surgery in low-resource countries
Authors: Bryce Emma , Fedatto Maíra , Cunningham David
Published: February 2023

Successful health systems comprise good outcomes, accessibility and availability. Surgery is the service that cuts across many treatment scenarios, yet in low- and middle-income countries 90% of people cannot access it. Estimates using most recent population data suggest that 1.75 billion children lack access to surgical care. Additionally, 30% of the global burden of disease is treatable with surgery, yet in LMICs as much as 87% of the surgical need remains unmet. Paediatric surgical services are not at the level they need to be, highlighting an increasing surgical burden on children’s health globally with a human cost of morbidity and mortality. Achieving Universal Health Coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals will fail if surgical systems are not strengthened in low resource settings.

In 2018, global health charity Kids Operating Room was founded with a goal of ensuring every child has access to the surgery they need. The charity has a four-pillar approach to its work: provision of infrastructure and equipment, paediatric surgical workforce training, database development and research capacity strengthening, and advocating on behalf of children denied access to safe surgery. To ensure that paediatric surgical interventions produce real impact on service delivery, contextual understanding and needs assessment are key. The building of paediatric surgical capacity should align to countries’ priorities and wishes. Investing in local health workforce is essential to delivering quality services, supporting resilient health systems and provides integrated, people-centred health services. A competent surgical information system gives the local surgical workforce the tools needed to action evidence-driven decisions.

Strengthening surgical services in a manner aligned to the WHO’s fundamental health system building blocks, allows for sustainable and long-lasting change. Confronting bottlenecks that exist in surgical services and establishing multi-faceted development, will allow global, national and local surgical targets to be met.
Effect of porous dissipation on nonlinear radiative flow of viscous fluid over a stretching sheet
Authors: Kausar Muhammad Salman , Siva Krishna Reddy D. , Pasha Amjad Ali , Mamat Mustafa
Published: February 2023

This paper depicts the fully developed natural convective flow on a conducting viscous fluid towards a nonlinearly stretching sheet. Furthermore, the porous dissipation, thermal radiation and heating parameter effects are implemented on both the vertical walls of the stretchy channel. To model the stretchy flow equations, the Cartesian coordinates’ system is utilized. Through the utilization of similarity variables, the nonlinear partial differential equations that describe the flow (mass, momentum and energy conservation) are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. With the help of the MAPLE, a well-known fourth-order Runge–Kutta procedure is used to do a numerical evaluation of the stated nonlinear and non-dimensional set of equations. For each of the several nonlinear radiative parameters regulating the flow regime, the velocity and temperature distribution functions are determined, viz the nonlinear heating parameter [Formula: see text], Eckert number [Formula: see text], Prandtl number [Formula: see text], porosity variable [Formula: see text] and thermal radiation parameter [Formula: see text]. Graphic representations are provided for every outcome. Furthermore, skin friction and Nusselt number are also computed to give an approximation of the surface shear stress and cooling rate, respectively. A remarkable compaction is obtained between computed numerical data and published results. It has been demonstrated that an increase in the value of the nonlinear parameter [Formula: see text] outcomes creates a reduction in the dimensionless translational velocity [Formula: see text] of both viscous and Newtonian fluids. Dimensionless temperature mostly upsurges with growth in nonlinear parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and decreases with an intensification in convective parameters, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. There is a detailed discussion on the implications of all embedded stretching sheet variables on the flow. The flow regime is extremely useful in the technology of polymer processing as well as in the field of materials science.
Bifurcations, Exact Peakon, Periodic Peakons and Solitary Wave Solutions of the Cubic Camassa–Holm Type Equation
Authors: Zhou Yuqian , Chen Guanrong , Li Jibin
Published: February 2023

For the cubic Camassa–Holm type equation, by using the techniques from dynamical systems and singular traveling wave theory developed by Li and Chen [2007] to analyze its corresponding traveling wave system, it was found that under different parameter conditions, its bifurcation portraits exhibit all possible exact explicit bounded solutions (solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, peakon as well as periodic peakons). A total of 19 explicit exact parametric representations of the traveling wave system of the Camassa–Holm type equation are presented.
Possible existence of quark stars in Rastall gravity
Authors: Banerjee Ayan , Tangphati Takol , Pradhan Anirudh
Published: February 2023

In this work, we consider static quark star (QS) within the framework of Rastall gravity. Rastall gravity purports to be the nonconservative theory of gravity and an unusual nonminimal coupling between matter and geometry. In our study, we consider a Quantum chromodynamics (QCD)-motivated Equation of State (EoS) to determine the properties of QSs in Rastall gravity. Depending on the values of parameters, we seek to determine the mass–radius relations for QSs in Rastall gravity, identifying the deviation from standard general relativity (GR) counterparts. Interestingly, we find the value of the maximum gravitational mass to be more than 2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] for the given equation of state (EoS). We present the essential features regarding the stability of QSs.
Simple expressions for calculation of proximity interaction of arbitrarily oriented deformed nuclei
Authors: Denisov V. Yu.
Published: February 2023

Simple expressions for the calculation of proximity interaction of arbitrarily oriented deformed nuclei are obtained in the linear approximation with respect to the deformation parameters of the colliding nuclei. It is shown that these expressions are useful for the analysis and calculation of the nucleus–nucleus potential and the reaction cross-section. The strong dependence of the total potential for the system [Formula: see text] on the orientation of erbium is discussed. The dependence of the barrier height, radius, and curvature on the orientation angle is considered in detail. The experimental data for the fusion cross-section for the systems [Formula: see text] are well described in the framework of the barrier-penetration model when the ground-state quadrupole and hexadecapole deformations of erbium are taken into account.
Tosylate family crystals for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Dalal Suminda , Ahlawat Sonia
Published: February 2023

Since the discovery of lasers, high-quality nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystals have served as the foundation for the creation of novel, cutting-edge devices that meet societal demands. Modern optoelectronic applications such as telecommunication lasers, optical fibers, photodiodes, solar cells, etc. favor high-performance nonlinear optical single crystals with improved optical nonlinearity. Organic crystals are extensively explored for these applications because of their high NLO coefficient. This paper deals with the problems and advancements of organic nonlinear optical single crystals. Here, we review the growth and characterizations of various tosylate family crystals from the vast realm of organic single crystals and their potential applications in the field of optoelectronic devices. Various properties like linear and nonlinear optical, thermal, mechanical, and laser damage threshold values for these samples have been summarized. The attempts are made for highlighting how these tosylate (p-Toluenesulfonic acid based) family crystals can be realized into efficient optoelectronic devices by summarizing variously reported cut-off wavelengths and their wide transmission ranges.
Higher indescribability and derived topologies
Authors: Cody Brent
Published: February 2023

We introduce reflection properties of cardinals in which the attributes that reflect are expressible by infinitary formulas whose lengths can be strictly larger than the cardinal under consideration. This kind of generalized reflection principle leads to the definitions of [Formula: see text]-indescribability and [Formula: see text]-indescribability of a cardinal [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. In this context, universal [Formula: see text] formulas exist, there is a normal ideal associated to [Formula: see text]-indescribability and the notions of [Formula: see text]-indescribability yield a strict hierarchy below a subtle cardinal. Additionally, given a regular cardinal [Formula: see text], we introduce a diagonal version of Cantor’s derivative operator and use it to extend Bagaria’s [Derived topologies on ordinals and stationary reflection, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 371(3) (2019) 1981–2002] sequence [Formula: see text] of derived topologies on [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. Finally, we prove that for all [Formula: see text], if there is a stationary set of [Formula: see text] that have a high enough degree of indescribability, then there are stationarily many [Formula: see text] that are nonisolated points in the space [Formula: see text].
Covering at limit cardinals of K
Authors: Mitchell William J. , Schimmerling Ernest
Published: February 2023

Assume that there is no transitive class model of [Formula: see text] with a Woodin cardinal. Let [Formula: see text] be a singular ordinal such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Suppose [Formula: see text] is a regular cardinal in K. Then [Formula: see text] is a measurable cardinal in K. Moreover, if [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text].
Bifurcation Point Analysis of a Magnetostrictive Sandwich Composite Plate Subjected to Magnetic Field and Axial Force
Authors: Zanjanchi Moein , Ghadiri Majid , Sabouri-Ghomi Saeid , Mirzaghafoor Kiarash
Published: February 2023

This article studies parametric vibration and dynamic instability of a rectangular and symmetric magnetostrictive sandwich composite plate (MSCP) on a visco-Pasternak medium. The MSCP consists of three layers; a magnetostrictive layer considers the core and composites as its upper and lower faces. The MSCP subjected to temperature change, parametrically exciting force, and magnetic load is studied with consideration to geometrical von Karman nonlinearity. Based on the energy method and first shear deformation theory (FSDT), Hamilton’s principle is used to achieve the system’s governing equations and boundary conditions. In the next step, the partial differential equation is transformed into ordinary differential equations by applying the Galerkin technique. Then the equation of motion is solved using the multiple-scale method. Numerical results illustrate the stability of the sandwich plate is significantly related to the magnetostrictive parameters. In addition, the effects of significant parameters, such as the effect of amplitude response and parametric excitation or detuning parameter, coupled with the effect of foundation, thickness ratio, aspect ratio, and temperature increment on vibration characteristics, bifurcation points behavior and stability of the systems are charted, plotted and discussed. The innovation of this article is the use of magnetostrictive material in sandwich plates and the development of its mathematical relationships. It is anticipated that the results of this research can contribute to the development of future smart structural applications subjected to in-plane axial forces.
Does Participative Leadership Promote Employee Innovative Work Behavior in IT Organizations
Authors: Mata Pedro Neves , Mata Mário Nuno , Martins José
Published: February 2023

The responsibilities of leaders have grown as a result of information technology organizations’ increasing reliance on information and development to carry out their work. It is important for leaders to guide and support organizations as they respond to the challenges of continually generating new innovation and information frameworks. The participative initiative, therefore, is characterized as an authority that draws on part data and part insight to reduce progressive obstructions by including individual hierarchical individuals in the decision-making process. The participative initiative encourages a positive style of leadership in which the leader provides workers with the chance to partake in dynamic and critical thinking through consolation, backing, and impact. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of participative leadership on employee innovative work behavior through the mediating role of employee knowledge-sharing attitude and absorptive capacity, with project risk management as moderator. The non-probability convenience sampling technique was used and data collection occurred over three months from January 2022 to March 2022. As data collection took place in one time period, the design is cross-sectional in nature. The data were collected from 273 workers (i.e. engineering manager, project manager, project leader, team leader, software engineer, advisor, and expert) working in different public and private sector IT companies of Portugal. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, both hard and soft copies of surveys were distributed via email. The analysis was performed using Smart PLS version 3.2.8. The results revealed that participative leadership had a direct effect on employee innovative work behavior that was positive and significant. Also, both the knowledge-sharing attitude and absorptive capacity of employees positively and significantly mediate the relationship between participative leadership and employee innovative work behavior. Project risk management, however, only significantly moderates the relationship between absorptive capacity and employee innovative work behavior. Lastly, some theoretical, practical implications, study limitations and future directions were discussed.
Technology Acceptance of Neo-Broker Applications: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Fortagne Marius Arved , Reith Riccardo , Nguyen Khanh , Lis Bettina
Published: February 2023

Disruptive neo-broker applications (NBAs) enable users to access financial markets easily and have attracted millions of investors worldwide. As a gamified implementation for financial services, NBAs provide a unique research setting in which to examine the determinants of NBA acceptance among investors, some of whom are wholly inexperienced in financial products. We propose a research model specifically designed to explain the usage intention of NBAs by drawing on established factors from technology acceptance and financial behavior research. We validated the research model empirically with structural equation modeling (N = 653) and found significant drivers of NBA acceptance. Distinct from previous finance technologies, we confirmed consumption-oriented factors, including performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, price value, and habit as antecedents of NBA usage intention. From the financial perspective, initial trust and overconfidence were identified as further drivers, while overconfidence in turn is shaped by risk aversion and subjective financial knowledge, indicating a mediated effect on NBA acceptance. Thereby, we present the first NBA-tailored acceptance model that links technology characteristics and financial behavior. Correspondingly, we provide implications for theory and practice.
The Significance of Environmental Factors in Human-Centred Lighting Policy
Authors: Pourfathollah Maedeh , Ghasemi Zahra , Shams Dolatabadi Hosna Sadat , Alilou Mina
Published: February 2023

Lighting policies and the influence of light colour parameters on humans and the environment are complex. The opinions of experts and the optimisation of night-time lighting policies create a suitable nightscape that satisfies users’ needs and minimises environmental impacts. This study aims to provide a nightscape design policy for outdoor spaces considering environmental factors. This evaluation can provide multidisciplinary policy recommendations and evaluate the position of environmental considerations in human-centred lighting design. Initially, the factors affecting the night landscape are identified and priorities are subsequently determined on a smaller scale based on the typology of Tehran’s nightscape. The data output from these prioritisations is used to develop how the lights in the night landscape can be improved for various spatial typologies. Finally, a human and environment-friendly conceptual model is developed.
Uncertainty Quantification to Improve the Classification of Melanoma and Basal Skin Cancer Using ResNet Model
Authors: Deepa D. , Muthukumaran V. , Vinodhini V. , Selvaraj S. , Sandeep Kumar M. , Prabhu J.
Published: February 2023

Traditional skin cancer screening necessitates a time-consuming physical examination by a dermatologist. One of the most difficult tasks in image analysis is automated medical picture recognition and categorization. Making a skin-based analysis to predict the abnormalities present in a particular area is always a competitive issue. In the case of automatic region identification, deep learning (DL) methodologies play a major role. Most DL approaches are unable to offer uncertainty quantification (UQ) for the output, resulting in overconfidence and excessive sample deviation. The dataset was contributed by the International Skin Image Collaboration (ISIC) Archive. To deal with uncertainty during skin cancer image classification and disappearing gradients, we used Monte-Carlo (MC) dropout with the ResNet 50 DL model. This assists in overcoming the problem of vanishing gradients. After the preprocessing, the training was completed, yielding a 94% accuracy rate. The MC dropout method identifies the out-of-domain data, reduces the training size which results in an accuracy of 89.9%. As a result, the ResNet50 model for classifying skin cancer achieved 89% of accuracy. In addition, our model was in general robust to noise and performed well with previously unseen data.
Current knowledge of the Ordovician System in Antarctica
Authors: Percival Ian G. , Glen Richard A. , Yi Zhen Yong
Published: February 2023

Evidence of Early Ordovician deposition and intrusion in East Antarctica is best known from the Ross Orogen, postdating the 495–489 Ma Ross Orogeny. Here,
c.
490–475 Ma granites (with related dykes and sills) of the Granite Harbour Intrusives represent roots of a continental margin arc. Detrital zircon grains in the upper Byrd Group (Central Transantarctic Mountains) are of comparable Early Ordovician age. Contemporaneous fossils are rare. In northern Victoria Land they include latest Cambrian to earliest Ordovician conodonts and microbrachiopods in allochthonous limestones of the Handler Formation (Robertson Bay Group) in the Robertson Bay Terrane, and probable Early Ordovician trace fossils in the Camp Ridge Quartzite of the Leap Year Group in the Bowers Terrane. In the Shackleton Range of Coats Land, West Antarctica, the Blaiklock Glacier Group contains a diverse ichnofossil fauna of probable Ordovician age associated with undescribed bivalved arthropods and segmented crustacea. The Swanson Formation of the Ross Province in Marie Byrd Land (correlated with the Robertson Bay Group of the Ross Orogen) is a turbiditic unit dominated by quartz-rich sandstones. Its Ordovician age is based on a post-depositional whole rock K–Ar metamorphic age of 448–444 Ma, with detrital zircon grains indicating a late Cambrian maximum depositional age.
The Ordovician System in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Percival Ian G. , Zhen Yong Yi , Normore Leon
Published: February 2023

The stratigraphic overview presented in this chapter substantially updates and revises the last major review of the Ordovician rocks of Australia and New Zealand published 40 years ago. In the western two-thirds of the present-day continent of Australia, Ordovician sedimentary rocks are restricted to intracratonic basins. The Canning Basin (Western Australia) and Amadeus Basin (central Australia) contain the best known Lower and Middle Ordovician shallow marine successions. The eastern third of the continent, known as the Tasmanides, comprises multiple orogens (i.e. Delamerian, Lachlan, New England, Thomson, Mossman) that formed along the convergent East Gondwana Margin. As a result, volcanic and intrusive rocks are much more common in these orogens than in the intracratonic basins. Their deep-water depositional environments span 31 graptolite biozones. Slope and basinal siliceous sedimentary rocks are constrained by a newly defined set of 12 conodont biozones, complementing the conodont biostratigraphic scheme refined for shallow-water environments from the basal boundary of the Ordovician to the latest Katian. In some places, these conodont biozones are integrated with radiometric ages from tuff interbeds (e.g. Canning Basin). Ordovician graptolitic strata in the Buller Terrane of New Zealand share palaeogeographic links with those in the Bendigo Zone of the western Lachlan Orogen.
Embodied Participation
Authors: Clay Michael , Smith-Mayo Jennifer , McGreavy Bridie
Published: February 2023

Our paper centers embodiment as a theme and a process in research through describing the fine-grained practices and everyday interactions that shape collaborative research in the contexts of watershed restoration and environmental monitoring. We focus on embodiment because it offers a means for attending to the process and politics of knowledge production within and across boundaries. We offer two case studies that focus on embodiment to structure research processes and shape ongoing, emergent, and collaborative research practices. We argue technical communication as a field is well positioned to include embodied practices in research design and writing.
Review of "Beyond the Makerspace: Making and Relational Rhetorics by Malaka Friedman" Shivers-McNair, A. (2021)
Beyond the Makerspace: Making and Relational Rhetorics.
University of Michigan Press.
Authors: Friedman Malaka
Published: February 2023

Beyond the Makerspace: Making and Relational Rhetorics
(2021) provides an engaging study of contributions makerspaces provide (both within and outside the making movement) to meaning making through the lens of rhetoric and storytelling. Shivers-McNair situates herself as both a storyteller and an amateur maker in the makerspace she studies and considers applications from these stories for instruction and making knowledge. Situating rhetoric within makerspaces allows Shivers-McNair to create a broad understanding of the relational rhetorics that are "both more than symbolic and more than human" (p. 11). Questioning and evaluating the boundaries between individuals within these spaces allows Shivers-McNair to evaluate conceptualizing meaning making beyond the making movement, an important trend towards reconceptualizing making as an embodied and relational practice that extends to different contexts in society (Gollihue, 2019). Through six chapters, Shivers-McNair provides a concise look into how meaning can be embodied by the individuals of the SoDo Makerspace and how considerations towards making as a relational rhetorical act can extend beyond the scope of one specific makerspace. Readers are invited to consider making as a boundary-marking practice that can speak to the larger nature of how we understand meaning beyond words.