bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaccination concerns, beliefs and practices among Ukrainian migrants in Poland: A qualitative study
Authors: Ganczak Maria , Bielecki Klaudia , Drozd-Dąbrowska Marzena , Topczewska Katarzyna , Biesiada Daniel , Molas-Biesiada Agnieszka , Dubiel Paulina , Gorman Dermot
Published: December 2020

Background: Ukrainians numbering approximately 1.2 million are the largest migrant group in Poland. Data on vaccination coverage among migrants are not collected in EU, including Poland. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to identify vaccination practices in this migrant group, to explore facilitators and barriers to vaccination and related access to Polish healthcare services.Methods: In September 2019, a qualitative study of Ukrainian migrants (UMs) living in Szczecin, Poland, and recruited through a snowball sampling method, was conducted. Using a semi-structured topic guide, four focus groups were held with 22 UMs aged 18-45. Participants were asked about their attitudes towards vaccination in general with comparison between services in Poland and Ukraine. Following transcription and translation, a thematic analysis was conducted.Results: Respondents were distrustful of Ukrainian vaccination policy, medical personnel and individual vaccines, however, they often returned to Ukraine for dental and gynaecological appoint-ments. While critical with regards to registering with Polish GPs practices, UMs were confident in health professionals, as well as vaccine delivery. Vaccines were perceived as safer and of better quality than in Ukraine. Difficulties in translating vaccination records were rarely reported, verbal communi-cation was not problematic due to language similarities. All UM parents reported vaccinating their children according to the Polish schedule. However, a significant number of adult UMs have not completed mandatory vaccinations, although they may have obtained false immunization certificates; according to UMs those can be obtained by bribing. Participants reported lower acceptance of the influenza vaccine, mainly due to perceptions around its importance; none had been vaccinated against influenza. None of UMs had heard of the HPV vaccine. UMs experienced challenges in accessing credible online vaccination information in Ukrainian, no official local health authority vaccination material existed either, except for information about measles.Conclusions: This study pinpointed positive UM attitudes and practices regarding child vaccination in the Polish healthcare system and identified issues for improvement, such as adult vaccination. Health communication should be more tailored within UMs information delivery systems to enable migrants to make informed choices about vaccination. Further research is needed to better assess factors affecting vaccine uptake identified in this study.
Cluster randomised controlled feasibility study of HENRY: a community-based intervention aimed at reducing obesity rates in preschool children
Authors: Bryant Maria , Collinson Michelle , Burton Wendy , Stamp Elizabeth , Schofield Holly , Copsey Bethan , Hartley Suzanne , Webb Edward , Farrin Amanda J
Published: December 2020

Background: Community based obesity prevention interventions are often commissioned despite the limited evidence base. HENRY (Health, Exercise, Nutrition for the Really Young) is a programme delivered to parents of preschool children across the UK. Early evidence suggests that it may be effective, but a robust evaluation has not been conducted. We initiated a systematic evaluation of HENRY by studying the feasibility of conducting a multi-centre definitive trial to evaluate its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness to prevent obesity. Objectives were to: assess the feasibility of recruiting local authorities, centres and parents; test processes and time required to train and certify intervention staff; explore HENRY commissioning processes; identify potential sources (and associated impact) of contamination; and consider the feasibility of trial procedures.Methods: We conducted a multi-centre, open labelled, two group, prospective, cluster randomised, controlled, feasibility study, with embedded process evaluation and pre-defined criteria for progression to definitive trial. We sought to recruit 120 parents from 12 children’s centres, across two UK local authority (government) areas. Within each local authority, we planned to randomise three centres to HENRY and three to ‘standard care’ control. Our plan was to collect data in family homes at baseline and 12 months, including parent and child height and weight, and parent-reported questionnaires on self-efficacy, feeding, eating habits, quality of life and resource use. Contamination, implementation and study acceptability were explored using parent interviews.Results: We recruited two local authorities and 12 children’s centres within eight months. 117 parents were recruited (average 3.9 parents per programme) and follow-up data were collected from 85% of participants. Process data from 20 parents and 24 members of staff indicate that both would benefit from more detail about their involvement as participants, but that methods were acceptable. Contamination was likely, though the impact of this on behaviour was unclear.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that a cluster RCT of HENRY to assess its effect on childhood obesity prevention is feasible. This study has allowed us to design a pragmatic definitive trial with minimal bias, taking account of lessons learnt from conducting evaluation research in public health settings. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03333733 registered 6th November 2017
Medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in individuals with or without coexisting autism spectrum disorder: analysis of data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug register
Authors: Johansson Viktoria , Sandin Sven , Chang Zheng , Taylor Mark J. , Lichtenstein Paul , D'Onofrio Brian M. , Larsson Henrik , Hellner Clara , Halldner Linda
Published: December 2020

Background. Clinical studies found that medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is effective in coexisting autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but current research is based on small clinical studies mainly performed on children or adolescents. We here use register data to examine if individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD present differences in the prescribing patterns of ADHD medication when compared to individuals with pure ADHD.Methods. Data with information on filled prescriptions and diagnoses was retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the National Patient Register. We identified 34,374 individuals with pure ADHD and 5,012 individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD, aged between 3 to 80 years. The first treatment episode with ADHD medications (≥2 filled prescriptions within 90 days) and daily doses of methylphenidate during a three-year period was measured. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the likelihood of being prescribed ADHD medication in individuals with and without ASD and Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare group differences in dose per day.Results. Individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD were less likely to start continuous treatment with ADHD medication (ADHD 80.5%; ADHD with ASD 76.2%; OR; 0.80, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.75-0.86), were less likely to be prescribed methylphenidate, and were more commonly prescribed second line treatments such as dexamphetamine, amphetamine or modafinil. No group difference was observed for atomoxetine. In adults with ADHD and coexisting ASD, methylphenidate was prescribed in lower daily doses over three years as compared to individuals with pure ADHD.Conclusions. The findings indicate that there are differences in the medical treatment of individuals with or without ASD. If these differences are due to different medication responses in ASD or due to other factors such as clinicians’ perceptions of medication effects in patients with ASD, needs to be further studied.
The Blind Review: A quality assessment measure for review standardization of Institutional Review Boards
Authors: Park Sinyoung , Ahn Cho Rong , Noh Yang Hee , Park Sejung , Nam Chung Mo , Kim Myoung Soo , Kim Seung Min , Kim Jin Seok , Rha Sun Young
Published: December 2020

Background: Standardization of IRB reviews has become increasingly important with the rise in multinational trials. Though inconsistency is often inevitable because of varying opinions on ethics, standardizing and understanding the differences between review results is required to ensure that high IRB review quality is maintained. Therefore, we aimed to develop a quality assessment measure of IRB, named “blind review,” by reviewing the same research protocols followed by multiple IRB panels. We then analyzed the differences between the panels to understand the mechanism of IRB standardization. Methods: Based on the Human research Protection Program (HRPP) Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), eight blind review results from January 2010 to December 2018 at a single institution with multiple panels, using the Severance Hospital HRPP database as the source, were analyzed. The review scores ranged from 0 to 60 points, including good clinical practice (GCP) requirements and protocol issues Panel agreement was estimated by observed multiple rater agreement. Differences between review scores according to member expertise and IRB member duration were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The observed multiple raters’ agreement increased from 0.444 (95% CI: 0.167-1.000) in 2010 to 0.479 (95% CI: 0.271-0.708) in 2014-2018, as IRB reviewer experience increased. To analyze the review mechanism, three GCP requirements and three protocol issues were scored (range 0 to 60). The mean values for GCP requirements and protocol issues were 19.25±8.21 and 18.40±9.04, respectively. The mean score of the panels in which experts participated (n=16, 28.13±10.47) was higher than those of the control group (n=32, 25.16±10.96) (p=0.93). According to IRB members’ experience, scores for the group whose career spanned less than 3 years was 25.0±10.0 (n=14), those for the group whose career spanned 3-5 years was 26.3±9.6 (n=23), and those for the group whose career spanned more than 5 years was 27.3±14.2 (n=11). These results were statistically significant (p=0.09). Conclusions: We suggest blind review as an effective measure for overseeing and ensuring IRB review quality and overall GCP compliance.
Effectiveness of peer counseling and membership in breastfeeding support groups in promoting optimal breastfeeding behaviors in the Philippines
Authors: Saniel Ofelia P , Pepito Veincent Christian F , Amit Arianna Maever L
Published: December 2020

Background: The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF)and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) remain low in the Philippines. To help meet the 90% EIBF target and to improve infant and young child feeding practices in the Philippines, the Millennium Development Goals - Fund 2030 Joint Programme (JP) on Ensuring Food Security and Nutrition for Children 0-24 months old was implemented. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of visits by a peer counselor during pregnancy and after delivery, and membership in breastfeeding support groups in promoting these optimal breastfeeding practices. We also aimed to examine the interaction between these two activities to assess their joint effects on both EIBF and EBF.Methods: We used data from the Endline Survey of the Joint Program , which collected socioeconomic data from the households of the mother-infant dyads, demographic characteristics of the mothers, and their particular infant and young child feeding practices. We used logistic regression methods for survey data to study these associations.Results: Out of the 2,343 mother-infant dyads, only 1,500 (63.1%) practiced EIBF and only 624 (27.9%) practiced EBF. After controlling for confounders, those who were visited by a peer counselor during the prenatal period had 1.32 times greater odds of practicing EIBF (95%CI: 0.96, 1.80) and 0.91 times lower odds (aOR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.68, 1.22) of practicing EBF compared to those who were not visited. The association between visits by a peer counselor and EIBF was weak and statistically insignificant. The odds of EBF was also 26% higher among those who were visited by peer counselors after delivery (aOR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.75), but this association was also weak and statistically not significant. Members of breastfeeding support groups had 1.49 times higher odds of EIBF (95% CI: 1.12, 1.98) and 1.59 times higher odds of EBF (95% CI: 1.21, 2.10) compared to those who were not members of breastfeeding support groups; both associations were statistically significant. However, there was no interaction between the different exposure variables on their effects on EIBF and EBF. Conclusions: Breastfeeding support groups may be institutionalized to promote both EIBF and EBF in the Philippines. The role of peer counselors in promoting optimal breastfeeding behaviors should be further reviewed in light of the findings of this study.
Characterization of florfenicol resistance genes in the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) isolates and genomic features of a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus lentus strain H29
Authors: Wu Chongyang , Zhang Xueya , Liang Jialei , Li Qiaoling , Lin Hailong , Lin Chaoqing , Liu Hongmao , Zhou Danying , Lu Wei , Sun Zhewei , Lin Xi , Zhang Hailin , Li Keiwei , Xu Teng , Bao Qiyu , Lu Junwan
Published: December 2020

Background: With the wide use of florfenicol to prevent and treat the bacterial infection of domestic animals, the emergence of the florfenicol resistance bacteria is increasingly serious. It is very important to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the bacteria’s resistance to florfenicol. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels was determined by the agar dilution method, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to analyze the distribution of florfenicol resistance genes in 39 CoNS strains isolated from poultry and livestock animals and seafood. The whole genome sequence of one multidrug-resistant strain, Staphylococcus lentus H29, was characterized, and comparative genomics analysis of the resistance gene-related sequences was also performed. Results: As a result, the isolates from the animals showed a higher resistance rate (23/28, 82.1%) and much higher MIC levels of florfenicol than those from seafood. Twenty-seven animal isolates carried 37 florfenicol resistance genes (including 26 fexA , 6 cfr and 5 fexB genes), of which 1 carried a cfr gene, 16 carried a fexA gene, 5 carried both fexA and fexB genes and 5 carried both fexA and cfr genes. On the other hand, all 11 isolates from seafood were sensitive to florfenicol, and only 3 carried a fexA gene each. The whole genome sequence of S. lentus H29 was composed of a chromosome and two plasmids ( pH29-46 , pH29- 26) and harbored 11 resistance genes, including 6 genes [ cfr, fexA, ant(6)-Ia , aac A -aph D , mecA and mph(C) ] encoded on the chromosome, four genes [ cfr, fexA, aac A -aph D and tcaA ] on pH29-46 and one gene ( fosD ) on pH29-26. It was interested to find that the S. lentus H29 genome carried two identical copies of the gene arrays of radC - tnpABC - hp - fexA (5,671 bp) and IS 256 - cfr (2,690 bp), of which one copy of the two gene arrays was encoded on plasmid pH29-46, while the other was encoded on the chromosome. Conclusions : The current study revealed the wide distribution of florfenicol resistance genes ( cfr, fexA and fexB ) in animal bacteria, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of one CoNS strain carrying two identical copies of florfenicol resistance-related gene arrays.
Impact resistance of steel materials to ballistic ejecta and shelter development using steel deck plates
Authors: Yamada Hiroyuki , Tateyama Kohei , Naruke Shino , Sasaki Hisashi , Torigata Shinichi , Honda Ryou , Kubo Tomohiro , Yoshimoto Mitsuhiro , Fujii Toshitsugu
Published: December 2020

The destruction caused by ballistic ejecta from the phreatic eruptions of Mt. Ontake in 2014 and Mt. Kusatsu-Shirane (Mt. Moto-Shirane) in 2018 in Japan, which resulted in numerous casualties, highlighted the need for better evacuation facilities. In response, some mountain huts were reinforced with aramid fabric to convert them into shelters. However, a number of decisions must be made when working to increase the number of shelters, which depend on the location where they are to be built. In this study, we propose a method of using high-strength steel to reinforce wooden buildings for use as shelters. More specifically, assuming that ballistic ejecta has an impact energy of 9 kJ or more, as in previous studies, we developed a method that utilizes SUS304 and SS400 unprocessed steel plates based on existing impact test data. We found that SUS304 is particularly suitable for use as a reinforcing material because it has excellent impact energy absorption characteristics due to its high ductility as well as excellent corrosion resistance. With the aim of increasing the structural strength of steel shelters, we also conducted an impact test on a shelter fabricated from SS400 deck plates (i.e., steel with improved flexural strength provided by work-hardened trapezoidal corrugated plates). The results show that the shelter could withstand impact with an energy of 13.5 kJ (2.66 kg of simulated ballistic ejecta at 101 m/s on impact). In addition, from the result of the impact test using the roof-simulating structure, it was confirmed the impact absorption energy is further increased when artificial pumice as an additional protective layer installed on this structure. Observations of the shelter after the impact test show that there is still some allowance for deformation caused by projectile impact, which means that the proposed steel shelter holds promise, not only structurally, but also from the aspects of transportation and assembly. Hence, the usefulness of shelters that use steel was shown experimentally. However, shelter construction should be suitable for the target environment.
The relationship between disability and parental status: A register study of the 1968 to 1970 birth cohorts
Authors: Namatovu Fredinah , Lundevaller Erling Häggström , Vikström Lotta
Published: December 2020

Background Having children is a major life course event yet some disabilities could make it biologically challenging and some others could limit access to necessary socioeconomic resources. To date, there is relatively little data on disability and parental status and our study aims to investigate this relationship.Methods This longitudinal cohort study was based on register data obtained from all people born in Sweden from 1968 to 1970 (n=440,202). We performed descriptive analyses, graphical plots, logistic regression and Cox regression analyses. Results Our findings from both logistic regression and Cox regression indicated that individuals that started to receive disability benefits at an early age had reduced chances of having children during the follow-up duration. Men with disabilities were less likely to have children when compared to women with disabilities and to men and women without disabilities. Conclusions We found evidence that disability during early adulthood was associated with reduced chances of having children. Findings support policies and programmes aimed at promoting optimal health during early adulthood, as this would promote continued labour force participation, reduce early use of disability benefits and possibly improve chances of becoming a parent.
Non-timber forest products and climate change adaptation among forest-dependent communities in Bamboko forest reserve, southwest region of Cameroon
Authors: Nghogekeh Tieminie Robinson , Loh Chia Eugene , Chupezi Tieguhong Julius , Mayiadieh Nghobuoche Frankline , Mandiefe Piabuo Serge , Tieguhong Mamboh Rolland
Published: December 2020

Background: Forests are naturally endowed to combat climate change by protecting people and livelihoods as well as creating a base for sustainable economic and social development. But this natural mechanism is often hampered by anthropogenic activities. It is therefore imperative to take measures that are environmentally sustainable not only for mitigation but also for its adaptation. This study was carried out to assess the role of Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as an adaptation strategy based on local perception to cope with the impacts of climate change among forest-dependent communities around the Bamkoko Forest Reserve in the South West Region of Cameroon. Methods: Datasets were collected through household questionnaires (20% of the population in each village that constitute the study site was a sample), participatory rural appraisal techniques, transect walks in the 4 corners of the Bamboko Forest Reserve with a square sample of 25 m2 x 25 m2 to identified and record NTFPs in the reserve, and direct field observations. ). Both qualitative and quantitative (statistics) methods were used to analyze the collected data.Results: A total of 18 plant species were identified as being harvested as Non-Timber Forest Products by the residents around Bamkoko Forest Reserve. The majority of the respondents (88%) perceived that there has been a change in climate patterns due to increased temperatures and unpredictable rainfalls. Eru was the most affected NTFPs with a standard deviation of 1.66799 and crops was the most affected livelihood activity by climate change around Bamboko Forest Reserve with a standard deviation of 1.20459 and local population used more than one strategy to cope with these adverse effects Conclusions: The study concluded that with the increasing climate change effects on crop production and other livelihoods, non-timber forest products still play a safety net role to assist communities. The need to ensure sustainable harvesting, improved processing, and access to non-timber forest products markets cannot be over-emphasized.
Is preoperative glenoid bone mineral density associated with aseptic glenoid implant loosening in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty?
Authors: Mariaux Sandrine , Obrist Raphaël , Farron Alain , Becce Fabio , Terrier Alexandre
Published: December 2020

Background: Aseptic loosening of glenoid implants is the primary revision cause in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA). While supported by biomechanical studies, the impact of glenoid bone quality, more specifically bone mineral density (BMD), on aseptic glenoid loosening remains unclear. We hypothesized that lower preoperative glenoid BMD was associated with aseptic glenoid implant loosening in aTSA.Methods: We retrospectively included 93 patients (69 females and 24 males; mean age, 69.2 years) who underwent preoperative non-arthrographic shoulder computed tomography (CT) scans and aTSA between 2002 and 2014. Preoperative glenoid BMD (CT numbers in Hounsfield unit) was measured in 3D using a reliable semi-automated quantitative method, in the following six contiguous volumes of interest (VOI): cortical, subchondral cortical plate (SC), subchondral trabecular, and three successive adjacent layers of trabecular bone. Univariate Cox regression was used to estimate the impact of preoperative glenoid BMD on aseptic glenoid implant loosening. We further compared 26 aseptic glenoid loosening patients with 56 matched control patients.Results: Glenoid implant survival rates were 89% (95% confidence interval CI, 81%-96%) and 57% (41%-74%) at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Hazard ratios for the different glenoid VOIs ranged between 0.998 and 1.004 (95% CI [0.996, 1.007], p≥0.121). Only the SC VOI showed significantly lower CTn in the loosening group (622±104 HU) compared with the control group (658±88 HU) (p=0.048), though with a medium effect size (d=0.42). There were no significant differences in preoperative glenoid BMD in any other VOI between patients from the loosening and control groups.Conclusions: Although the preoperative glenoid BMD was statistically significantly lower in the SC region of patients with aseptic glenoid implant loosening compared with controls, this single-VOI difference was only moderate. We are thus unable to prove that lower preoperative glenoid BMD is clearly associated with aseptic glenoid implant loosening in aTSA. However, due to its proven biomechanical role in glenoid implant survival, we recommend extending this study to larger CT datasets to further assess and better understand the impact of preoperative glenoid BMD on glenoid implant loosening/survival and aTSA outcome.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered
The European dimension in education in geography textbooks for Croatian primary schools
Authors: Vignjević Korotaj Bojana , Ledić Jasminka , Miočić Ivana
Published: December 2020

Croatia’s accession to the EU brought changes in educational policies by introducing the concept of the European Dimension in Education (EDE). EDE has successfully found its way into the new Croatian national curriculum, however, there has been no comprehensive analysis of whether it has been introduced into teaching materials (textbooks). Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine if the European Dimension in Education is present in geography textbooks for primary schools, as well as to explore how it is represented in them. The results of research show that the idea of the European Dimension in Education is most commonly present in terms of factual knowledge about Europe, which does not motivate teachers and pupils to actively and critically discuss issues related to Europe and the European Union.
Stavovi studenata nastavničkih studija prema nastavničkoj naobrazbi
Authors: Jurić Vukelić Dunja , Bušljeta Kardum Rona
Published: December 2020

Danas su nastavnici suočeni s brojnim izazovima, posebice u Hrvatskoj u kojoj je u tijeku provođenje opsežne reforme obrazovanja. Reforma obrazovanja stavila je u prvi plan drugačiju paradigmu procesa podučavanja i učenja koja zahtijeva od nastavnika neka nova znanja i vještine. Studije i analize pokazale su kako su upravo nastavnici najvažniji faktor ostvarenja obrazovnih ciljeva učenika. Pored stručnih kompetencija, za razvoj znanja, umijeća i stavova učenika od velike su važnosti i pedagoško-psihološko-didaktičko-metodičke kompetencije nastavnika. U ovom se radu uz pomoć podataka prikupljenih upitnikom na uzorku od 115 studenata željelo detektirati u kojoj su mjeri studenti dviju visokoškolskih institucija – Fakulteta hrvatskih studija i Hrvatskog katoličkog sveučilišta – zadovoljni inicijalnom nastavničkom naobrazbom te smatraju li je pogodnom i dovoljnom za izazove koje nosi njihovo buduće zanimanje. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja pokazuju da su studenti u prosjeku zadovoljni kvalitetom studija i nastavničke naobrazbe te da preferiraju postojeći model stjecanja pedagoških kompetencija uz predmetni studij. Rezultati istraživanja analizirani su u kontekstu ispitivanja potrebe za sadržajnim i praktičnim osmišljavanjem novog načina stjecanja nastavničkih kompetencija, odnosno dorađivanjem ili proširivanjem studija nastavničke naobrazbe.
Per-object systematics using deep-learned calibration
Authors: Kasieczka Gregor , Luchmann Michel , Otterpohl Florian , Plehn Tilman
Published: December 2020

We show how to treat systematic uncertainties using Bayesian deep
networks for regression. First, we analyze how these networks
separately trace statistical and systematic uncertainties on the
momenta of boosted top quarks forming fat jets. Next, we propose a
novel calibration procedure by training on labels and their error bars.
Again, the network cleanly separates the different uncertainties. As
a technical side effect, we show how Bayesian networks can be extended to
describe non-Gaussian features.
A Modern Healthy Lifestyle koncepció
Authors: Mató-Juhász Annamária , Dózsa Csaba , Babai László , Fritz Péter , Szántó Ákos
Published: December 2020

Az internet megjelenése óta, de főleg a social media platformok megjelenése óta kifejezetten nagy hangsúly tevődik az egyén egészségét érintő döntéseire. A 2020-as év járványügyi helyzete rávilágított arra, hogy a modern kor technológiai vívmányai, valamint az információk sokasága még összetettebbé alakította az egészséges életmódot és annak fenntartási módjait. Az egészségtudatosság talán legfontosabb ismérve a jelenkorban az, hogy a túl sok információból ki tudjuk szűrni a valóban hitelt érdemlőket, és képesek legyünk az elmélet tudást a gyakorlatba, a napi rutinunk közé illeszteni. A jelen tanulmány bemutatja a modern healthy lifestyle koncepciót és annak társadalmi marketing vonatkozásait.
Prognostic factors of functional results of surgery for idiopathic (primary) epimacular membranes: cystoid macular edema. Part 2
Authors: Toropygin S. G. , Nazarova S. V. , Dawarah H. , Maslov A. N.
Published: December 2020

The second part of the review (for the first part, see ROJ 2020; 13 (2): 99–104), discusses the dynamics of cystoid macular edema (CME) resorption, macular profile changes after the removal of idiopathic epimacular membranes (EMM), the impact of CME and the macular profile on visual functions of eyes with EMM, and issues of CME management after EMM removal.
On the possible mechanisms of a positive effect on the retina of goggles with red filters in premature infants
Authors: Zueva M. V. , Ushnikova O. A. , Katargina L. A.
Published: December 2020

In recent publications, positive results have been reported with the use of glasses with red protective filters in prematurely born infants with low body weight, which were presumably associated with a decrease in the levels of illumination of the environment of the child. However, to date, it has not been proven that a decrease in the amount of light reaching the retina of the newborn affects the frequency and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (RP). The analysis of the literature on the therapeutic effect of various modes of red and near infrared radiation on the retina is presented, which allowed a different look at the protective mechanisms of glasses-filters in premature babies. It has been suggested and substantiated that the observed effect may relate to the phenomenon of pre-conditioning photostimulation, which reduces the risk of developing RP and reduces the severity of the disease due to the induction of adaptive plastic reactions in the retina.
Data assimilation in hydrodynamic models for system-wide soft sensing and sensor validation for urban drainage tunnels
Authors: Palmitessa Rocco , Mikkelsen Peter Steen , Law Adrian W. K. , Borup Morten
Published: December 2020

Tunnels are increasingly used worldwide to expand the capacity of urban drainage systems, but they are difficult to monitor with sensors alone. This study enables soft sensing of urban drainage tunnels by assimilating water level observations into an ensemble of hydrodynamic models. Ensemble-based data assimilation is suitable for non-linear models and provides useful uncertainty estimates. To limit the computational cost, our proposed scheme restricts the assimilation and ensemble implementation to the tunnel and represents the surrounding drainage system deterministically. We applied the scheme to a combined sewer overflow tunnel in Copenhagen, Denmark, with two sensors 3.4 km apart. The downstream observations were assimilated, while those upstream were used for validation. The scheme was tuned using a high-intensity event and validated with a low-intensity one. In a third event, the scheme was able to provide soft sensing as well as identify errors in the upstream sensor with high confidence.
Household levels of deprivation to WaSH and residential conditions in slum settlements of Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Akoteyon Isaiah Sewanu , Aliu Ibrahim Rotimi , Soladoye Olayemi
Published: December 2020

Household levels of deprivation to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) and residential conditions in slum settlements of Lagos, Nigeria were assessed and mapped using slum deprivation index (SDI). A structured questionnaire was administered to 1,398 households in 16 settlements using a random sampling method. Descriptive statistics and SDI were employed to analyze the data while ArcMap was used to map the patterns of SDI. The results show that households live in poor dwelling conditions with limited access to WaSH facilities. The SDI indicates that 18.7% of the slums are highly deprived. Based on WaSH and dwelling and physical environment (DPE) components, 18.75 and 31.25% of the slums are highly deprived. Water, sanitation, and hygiene indicators show that 37.5, 12.5, and 56.25% of the slums are highly deprived respectively. About 50, 37.5, 43.75, and 31.25% of the slum are highly deprived based on dwelling, waste disposal, waste pile, and stagnant water respectively. The study concluded that six settlements live in deplorable WaSH and DPE conditions. The study recommends urgent intervention for planning and resources allocation, and sustained urban renewal programs at Oko-Baba, Ilaje, Oko-Agbon, Abule-Nla, and Badia for improved WaSH and living conditions for sustainable service delivery and healthy slum settlements.
Using a fractional order grey seasonal model to predict the dissolved oxygen and pH in the Huaihe River
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wu Lifeng
Published: December 2020

To accurately forecast the seasonal fluctuations of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH in Huaihe River, a grey seasonal model with fractional order accumulation is proposed, optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO-FGSM(1,1)). We use this new model to carry out an empirical analysis based on the DO and pH data from 2014 to 2018 from Huaibin, Bengbu, Chuzhou monitoring points. The comparison results show that the PSO-FGSM(1,1) model accuracy is significantly higher than the Holt-Winters model with grey wolf optimization (GWO-Holt-Winters). The prediction results indicated that the pollution of the Huaihe River has regional characteristics. The Huaibin and Chuzhou sections of the Huaihe River are slightly polluted, and the Bengbu section is seriously polluted.
“O saber é e será produzido para ser vendido”
Authors: Pena Anderson dos Anjos Pereira , Zientarski Clarice , Rech Hildemar Luiz
Published: December 2020

Buscamos analisar o que está oculto na defesa edificada por Jean-François Lyotard para legitimar o saber como mercadoria a partir da década de 1970. Em A condição pós-moderna, escrito em 1979, esse autor naturaliza a dicotomia entre “saber narrativo” e “saber científico”. Na obra, Lyotard esforça-se para adaptar os saberes às perspectivas da sociedade capitalista devastada pela crise internacional do período, que o levou a autoproclamar o surgimento de um novo tempo: a pós-modernidade. Ao reificar as tecnologias e os novos processos gerenciais, Lyotard dedica o trabalho ao debate dos saberes e elabora um sistema que legitima a pena máxima a que condena o conhecimento: O autor defende que “O saber é e será produzido para ser vendido”. Conclui-se que em sua especulação, portanto, o autor esfacela o conhecimento em dois polos antagônicos a fim de justificar o jogo da realidade e o ocultar.
GRAVITY DEPENDENT MECHANISMS OF SENSORIMOTOR REGULATION OFPOSTUREANDLOCOMOTION
Authors:   Pavlov Institute of Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, Gerasimenko Yu. , Edgerton V.R. ,   Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA, Harkema S. ,   Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, Kozlovskaya I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: December 2020

This review is dedicated to the memory of Inesa Kozlovskaya, whose contributions to gravitational physiology was and will continue to be decisive. Dr. Kozlovskaya has developed the concept of gravity-dependent motor control and substantiated the role of supporting afferentation in postural – tonic regulation. It was shown that the support afferentation plays the leading role in the control of the tonic muscle system and regulation of postural synergies. In this review the modern mechanisms of posture-locomotion integration as well as the mechanisms of sensory-motor regulation based on stimulation of foot and muscle receptors in combination with spinal cord stimulation will be considered. Based on the results presented in this review the concept of neurorehabilitation is proposed to be considered as the implementation of various neuromodulations aimed at regulating the functional state of the injured nervous system. The concept is based on the interaction of the processes of regulation of the functional state of the injured brain and sensory input during executing of motor tasks.
TONIC ACTIVITY AND GRAVITATIONAL CONTROL OF THE POSTURAL MUSCLE
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of th eRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Shenkman B.S. , Mirzoev T.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of th eRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kozlovskaya I.B. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of th eRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: December 2020

The review is an attempt to describe and give a meaning to the accumulated data about the mechanisms controlling the structure and functionality of the postural muscle the almost continuous work of which makes it possible for the humans and animals to exist actively on Earth's surface. A great bulk of these data was obtained, described and systematized by professor I.B. Kozlovskaya and her pupils. A body of the most interesting facts and regularities was documented in other laboratories and research centers, quite often under the influence of ideas suggested by I.B. Kozlovskaya. The concept of the tonic system, that is, an integral physiological apparatus comprising not only slow and fast muscular fibers and small controlling motoneurons but also a complex of the brain (up to and including the striatum and motor cortex) and sensory mechanisms, constitutes the most important parts of her theoretical legacy. The fundamental conclusion of this review is that the gravity-dependent tonic contracting activity of the postural muscle controlled by the nervous system and afferent mechanisms is key to maintaining its structure, signal pathways and mechanic properties crucial for its constant anti-gravity activity.
Learning from Metabolic Networks: Current Trends and Future Directions for Precision Medicine
Authors: Granata Ilaria , Manzo Mario , Kusumastuti Ari , Guarracino Mario R.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Systems biology and network modeling represent, nowadays, the
hallmark approaches for the development of predictive and targeted-treatment based precision
medicine. The study of health and disease as properties of the human body system allows
the understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship through the definition of
molecular interactions and dependencies. In this scenario, metabolism plays a central role as
its interactions are well characterized and it is considered an important indicator of the genotype-
phenotype associations. In metabolic systems biology, the genome-scale metabolic
models are the primary scaffolds to integrate multi-omics data as well as cell-, tissue-, condition-
specific information. Modeling the metabolism has both investigative and predictive
values. Several methods have been proposed to model systems, which involve steady-state
or kinetic approaches, and to extract knowledge through machine and deep learning.

Methods:

This review collects, analyzes, and compares the suitable data and computational
approaches for the exploration of metabolic networks as tools for the development
of precision medicine. To this extent, we organized it into three main sections: "Data and
Databases", "Methods and Tools", and "Metabolic Networks for medicine". In the first
one, we have collected the most used data and relative databases to build and annotate
metabolic models. In the second section, we have reported the state-of-the-art methods
and relative tools to reconstruct, simulate, and interpret metabolic systems. Finally, we
have reported the most recent and innovative studies that exploited metabolic networks to
study several pathological conditions, not only those directly related to metabolism.

Conclusion:

We think that this review can be a guide to researchers of different disciplines,
from computer science to biology and medicine, in exploring the power, challenges
and future promises of the metabolism as predictor and target of the so-called P4 medicine
(predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory).
Competing Endogenous RNAs (CeRNAs): Novel Network in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Tehrani Sadra Samavarchi , Ebrahimi Reyhane , Al-e-Ahmad Atiyeh , Panahi Ghodratollah , Meshkani Reza , Younesi Simin , Saadat Payam , Parsian Hadi
Published: December 2020

Neurological disorders (NDs) comprise a broad range of diseases affecting
both central and peripheral nervous systems. These complex multifactorial diseases have
a high rate of mortality all over the world, particularly in aged people. Today, new evidence
drove our attention to the notable role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the progression
of NDs. Remarkably, recent studies showed that there are close communication
networks among RNA transcripts such as mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs),
circular RNAs (circRNAs), and pseudogenes for regulating each other’s expression
through competing for shared sequences in microRNAs (miRs). This concept is a new
area of ongoing research recognized as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis.
CeRNAs are novel regulatory molecules in a wide range of biological stages and
pathological contexts. Indeed, the disruption of ceRNA networks (ceRNETs) may affect
neural development genes and induce neuropathological changes leading to the development
of NDs. Because of this, identifying the correlation of ceRNETs with NDs will
open a new window for expanding our knowledge about this field of science, as well as
creating novel roads for developing specific diagnostic biomarkers for NDs management.
Owing to these unique features, exploring the exact role of ceRNAs is a hot topic in NDs
investigations. Hence, in this review, we will summarize the evidence supporting ceRNETs
in the regulation of NDs-related gene expression.
Stability of Ketoprofen Methylester in Plasma of Different Species
Authors: Hu Steven X. , Ernst Kelsey , Benner Charles P. , Feenstra Kenneth L.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment of ester-containing drugs can be impacted by hydrolysis of the drugs in plasma samples post blood collection. The impact is different in the plasma of different species.

Objective:

This study evaluated the stability of a prodrug, ketoprofen methylester (KME), in commercially purchased and freshly collected plasma of mouse, rat, dog, cat, pig, sheep, cattle and horse.

Methods:

KME hydrolysis was determined following its incubation in commercially purchased and freshly collected plasma of those species. Different esterase inhibitors were evaluated for prevention of the hydrolysis in rat, dog and pig plasma.

Results:

KME was rapidly hydrolyzed in both commercially purchased and freshly collected plasma of mouse, rat, and horse. The hydrolysis was initially quick and then limited in cat plasma. KME hydrolysis was minimum in commercially purchased plasma of dog, pig, sheep and cattle but substantial in freshly collected plasma of those species. Different esterase inhibitors showed different effects on the stability of KME in rat, dog and pig plasma.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that plasma of different species has different hydrolytic activities to estercontaining drugs. The activities in commercially purchased and freshly collected plasma may be different and species-dependent. Esterase inhibitors have different effects on preventing hydrolysis of the ester-containing drugs in the plasma of different species.
Analytical Protocol for Monitoring Workplace Surface Contamination with Capecitabine
Authors: Stoeva Stanila , Marinov Petko
Published: December 2020

Background:

The risk of toxicity for the healthy individuals who are chronically exposed
to cytostatic drugs was established in 1970s. Since then, many institutions have recommended
monitoring occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of
analytical procedures for this inspection. The prodrug Capecitabine is an example of a cytostatic
drug that has never been analyzed for the purpose of occupational exposure inspection. Thus, the
objective of the present study was to develop a suitable protocol for its evaluation on workplace
surfaces.

Methods:

The determination of the surface residue of Capecitabine has been carried out in a laboratory
setting through аn HPLC-UV method, preceded by an appropriate sample preparation procedure,.
It was used for the pre-and post-cleaning analysis of wipe samples from several working
sites, which are assessed as the most likely ones for the occurrence of dermal contact with the prodrug.

Results:

The applied HPLC-UV method was assessed as accurate and precise, with an established
limit of quantification of 0.05 μg/mL. The analytical procedure provided a recovery of Capecitabine
of more than 90%. During the analytical protocol approbation, one surface sample containing
Capecitabine was detected. To determine the efficiency of routine hygiene measures, wipe samples
from all tested surfaces were analyzed after a cleaning procedure. However, the cytostatic presence
was not determined on any area, including the area that gave a positive result.

Conclusion:

The analytical protocol developed here successfully permits, for the first time, to
study the surface contamination with the cytotoxic agent, Capecitabine. Due to this, it can be concluded
that the proposed method could be useful for institutions where a potential risk of contamination
to the prodrug exists.
Factors Associated with Blood Donation Practice among College Students in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Yosef Tewodros , Wondimu Wondimagegn , Zewudie Ameha , Tesfaw Aragaw
Published: December 2020

Background:

Blood transfusion is a crucial element of health care. It contributes to saving millions of lives both in routine and emergencies each year. However, millions of patients do not have timely access to this vital resource in Low-income Countries (LICs), including Ethiopia. Eventhough some shreds of evidence are available at the national level, specific studies regarding blood donation practice among college students are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with blood donation practice among college students in southwest Ethiopia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 429 Mizan-Aman health science college students from June 01 to 15, 2019. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The data were entered and cleaned using EPI-Data version 4.2.0.0, then analyzed using SPSS version 20 software.

Results:

Of the 394 participants, the practice of blood donation was 35.5% (140), 95% CI (30.8%-40.2%). Of the 140 participants, 72 (51.4%) and 120 (85.7%) of the respondents were one-time donors and voluntary blood donors, respectively. The factors associated with the practice blood donation were aged ≥ 23 years, former urban residence, having a mother with primary school completed, having good knowledge, and a positive attitude toward blood donation.

Conclusion:

The practice of blood donation was not adequate among study populations. Therefore, the consideration of encouragement campaigns and educational sessions within the campus will play paramount importance in the increment of blood donation practice.