bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introducing a New Framework for Understanding Learning in an Entrepreneurship Education Ecosystem
Authors:   Technische Universität Berlin, Wraae Birgitte , Thomsen Jacob ,   University of Applied Science
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates how all actors in an entrepreneurship education ecosystem learn and gain entrepreneurial knowledge. For that purpose, a new conceptual framework for understanding the dialogic relationship between stakeholders is presented. Furthermore, the paper establishes a link between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial ecosystems. By studying six international cases all involved in the same entrepreneurial curriculum, interviews and observations were performed with basis in the conceptual framework.
Are Japanese Consumers Concerned with Brand Commitment
Authors:   Auburn University Montgomery, Amoroso Donald L. , Sato Osam ,   Tokyo Keizai University, Ackaradejruangsri Pajaree ,   Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University
Published: December 2020

In this research, we study factors such as brand commitment in order to understand the affect of loyalty and satisfaction on continuance intention with mobile wallet applications in Japan. We developed a research model, based upon previous research constructs, where we propose and examine the four constructs. The main research question in this research is: what is the extent that brand commitment affects satisfaction, loyalty, and continuous intention of Japanese consumers with respect to mobile wallet applications? Two recent data collection efforts yielded a total sample of 513 consumers using mobile wallet apps. While we expected to find brand conscious Japanese consumers to be satisfied and loyal, as well as continuous users of certain mobile apps, our data shows that brand commitment is only statistically significant with satisfaction. This means that brand does not predict consumer loyalty or continuous intention. This finding is interesting, as Japanese consumers have long been known to be brand conscious consumers. There are several potential explanations for this finding, one of which the Japanese consumer mindset is changing. We found supporting literature showing that consumers in Japan are becoming more price conscious. Additionally many of the consumers in our sample were younger in age and might be more price-sensitive.
Methodological Analysis: Between Universal and Temporal and Spatial Limitation of the Validity of the Laws of Science
Authors:   University of Economics in Katowice, Musiał Grażyna
Published: December 2020

According to modern methodology, one of the fundamental necessary conditions that must be met by the candidates who are candidates for the title of science laws, sentences law-like, and therefore a condition actually fulfilled by the laws of science, is a condition of strict generality. One of the great methodologists of the twentieth century, Karl Raimund Popper, states that scientific theories are universal sentences and he specifies that the issue of whether the law of science they are universal in the strict sense, or only numerically, we will not resolve in any case by argumentation. It belongs to the issues that can only be resolved by agreement or convention.
The Quest of Economic Temperature
Authors:   California State University, Yen Matthew , Zhang Daming ,   California State University
Published: December 2020

Temperature is the vital sign of life. So is the “economic temperature” a vital sign of economy. The concept of economic temperature has been around in history since the time money used for trading. Nonetheless, economists and scholars struggled with the basic definition of economic temperature. Mathematic modeling and quantitative analysis are essential tools for modern economic analysis. Without clear definition of economic temperature, theoretical discussions are severely handicapped. Recent development of econophysics are appealing because of the well-established mathematic formulation, particularly, thermodynamics. However, the lack of clear definition of economic temperature greatly hindered econophysics discussions and application. The Law of Supply-and-Demand and the Law of Ideal-Gas have shared hyperbolic form. Money system and ideal gas are “working-media” or “agents” in economic system and mechanical system respectively. Therefore, the shared forms are not only mathematically intriguing but also bearing theoretical significances. A definition of “Economic Temperature” based on these two well-established laws opens the door for broad-spectrum economic applications.
Economic Value of Pavement for the Elderly: Case Study of Bangkok, Thailand
Authors:   Kasetsart University, Bejranonda Somskaow , Laksanacom Aekkapat ,   Kasetsart University, Tantiwat Waranan ,   Kasetsart University
Published: December 2020

Based on the concept of a livable and global age-friendly city, pavements are a public facility that the city should provide to the people. Appropriate pavements will be beneficial for the people, particularly for good quality of life for the elderly to move around in the city. This study explored the behaviour of the elderly in the use of pavements and the problems confronted. The study also evaluated the value of the pavement walking area as it reflected the benefits of pavements to the elderly by applying the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). During March-May 2017, data were collected using interviews with 601 elderly living in Bangkok. The study indicated that the main problem for senior citizens regarding their use of pavements was from being disturbed by motorbikes riding on the pavements. The average value of pavement for the elderly was about THB 160 (USD 5.30) per person per year. Thus, the benefits of pavements to the elderly in Bangkok was approximately THB 158 million (USD 5.2 million) per year. Thus, policy makers should make proper budget allocations for elderly-friendly pavement management and seriously address the problems confronting the elderly in using pavements, to maximize the usefulness of pavements not only for the elderly but also for the public and to support a sustainable urban development.
Fiscal Responsibility Law: An Analysis through the Opinion of Accountants beyond the Limits of Its Application
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Araújo Jamille Carla Oliveira , Silva Leidian Moura da ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Correa Isis Cristynne Bernardo ,   Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA)
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study is to highlight the importance of knowing the limits of the application of the Fiscal Responsibility Law (FRL) for accounting professionals who work within the public area. The study was carried out through the application of questionnaires together with bachelors in accounting of some organs and internal accountants both of the Municipality Ananindeua city, State of Pará, Brazil. This fieldwork revealed that the implementation of the FRL makes it necessary for the accounting professional to have a greater concern with the preparation, presentation of the execution reports and fiscal management. It is also observed with the emergence of the FRL that the public activity started to be exercised more intensively from the perspective of the concomitant control mentioned in Law No. 4,320/64. Public accounting resumes with a more directed function directed to the management of the public and fiscal management that presupposes the planned and transparent action, in which they prevent the risks and correct deviations capable of affecting the balance of the public accounts as it says in Complementary Law 101/2000. It also provides a viability in the society, where the control of public fiscal management makes it possible, through the LRF, to the user of the information a wide transparency of the activities.
Regime of Fiscal Incorporation (RIF): A Tool That Gives Competitiveness to Start-Ups in Mexico
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, López Tadeo Armando Barrón
Published: December 2020

The following text will show the different tax forms for a newly created company to become competitive, analyze the subsidies they have in a federal tax (Income Tax), compare the tax incorporation regime (RIF) with The old regime of small taxpayers (REPECO), analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the appropriate use of RIF for start-ups, and finally, the tax incorporation regime is compared with similar ones in Latin America, reflecting on tax contributions Which each government has to raise so that its governments are efficient and effective within a country.
Early Trace of the Current Hypothesis Test: Graunt (1662), Arbuthnott (1710) and Sagravesande (1712)
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla, Díaz Cristina Camúñez , Gallego Consuelo Borrero ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Díaz Ana Soltero ,   Universidad de Sevilla
Published: December 2020

The hypothesis test, as today we understand, are born in the first decades of the twentieth century, with the work of Fisher, on the one hand, and Neyman and Pearson, on the other, which were developed from antagonistic philosophical positions, which they have been maintained over time. But for two centuries before there were attempts to endorse assumptions made from reality with the available data. Thus, from the accounts mortality weekly published the City of London, John Graunt (1662) he believed prove that “the unhealthiest years are less fertile” (exists in time a negative correlation between the annual number of burials and the birth), while John Arbuthnott (paper read in 1711 and published in 1712), gave “Arguments for Divine Providence” and sGravesande a mathematical proof that “God directs what happens in the world”, in both cases, from the regular rate of births of men and women. Although the theoretical foundations of these works are of dubious rigor, proposals are ingenious and nearby, in some respects, what we do today when we perform a hypothesis test. This paper analyzes in detail the early contributions of these three authors by looking at what it looks like now and pointing out the mistakes made by them.
Impact of Women Entrepreneurship in Lagos State
Authors:   Ahmadu Bello University, Onu Agbo Joel Christopher , Abass Salimat Modupe ,   Ahmadu Bello University
Published: December 2020

This paper examined the impact of Women entrepreneurship in the development of Lagos state. Women entrepreneurs have attracted the attention of organizations, policy makers and researchers as they have been identified as an important unexploited source of economic growth and development. An empirical survey was conducted with a longitudinal data of women via secondary data from the National Bureau of Statistics and SMEDAN. Data were analyzed using linear regression with the aid of the Stata software. Findings revealed that women entrepreneurship positively and significantly influence development in Lagos state. The paper recommended that Lagos state government should encourage more women in entrepreneurial activities by providing infrastructural facilities such as trade centers, shops and credit facilities that will enhance their participation in business.
La energía renovable como motor de una economía descarbonizada e inclusiva hacia el 2050:
Authors: García- Sanchez Daniela
Published: December 2020

La gobernanza energética distingue entre sus principales retos el acceso y la seguridad energética, el cambio climático y otros impactos ambientales, así como el desarrollo económico y social. La presente investigación examina los vínculos de la energía renovable con estos retos y las oportunidades que ofrece para alcanzar la meta de una economía próspera, descarbonizada e incluyente desde una perspectiva de política pública. Para ello, se hizo una revisión sistemática de literatura en el campo de la gobernanza energética global y un análisis histórico del caso del sector eléctrico en Costa Rica y los principales instrumentos de política vinculados con las tres metas planteadas, culminando con el ejemplo del Plan de Descarbonización al 2050. Para el procesamiento de la información se aplicó un análisis cualitativo a través del método process-tracing. El abordaje teórico se nutrió de los conceptos clave de gobernanza, bienes públicos y el rol central del Estado. Los principales resultados mostraron que el modelo eléctrico del país actualmente produce casi 100% de su electricidad con energía renovable, que además de sus propios desafíos requiere permear otros sectores, principalmente el de transporte, para reducir emisiones y dinamizar la economía. El Plan de Descarbonización identifica oportunidades para conducir el sistema de gobernanza energética hacia las metas climáticas y a su vez reactivar la economía de forma sostenible en el largo plazo; sin embargo, su alcance es limitado en términos de inclusión social.
El uso de las TIC digitales por parte del personal docente y su adecuación a los modelos vigentes
Authors: Flores-Tena María José , Ortega-Navas María del Carmen , Sousa-Reis Carlos
Published: December 2020

In the article we present a study in which it is intended to verify the importance and adequacy of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the school environment for its greater adaptation to reality. This question is reflected in the general objective of the same, which focused on determining the use that teachers make of new technologies in the classroom and their impact on the teaching-learning process of their students, taking into account the current weaknesses. on the pedagogical bases used by some of the most recent studies on the use and optimization of digital ICT in the classroom. The study is framed in a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and correlational design. 100 teachers of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) from institutes of Coimbra (Portugal) participated in the study. An ad hoc questionnaire was developed to discover the use and frequency of new technologies in the classroom by teachers. The data collected in the questionnaires were analyzed using the statistical package Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The main conclusions confirm that there is still a need for an in-depth debate on the epistemological foundations implicit in the use of new digital tools on whether ICT, as an appropriate teaching tool, according to current educational models, in terms of time-cost for better student performance and academic success. In fact, the debate is more than ever alive, new technologies were increasingly inserted in the educational field, during COVID-19, which also implied the suspension of classroom teaching activities that led to the use of new technologies in the classroom. class immediately.
Evaluación de una estrategia de educación ambiental sobre el conocimiento de la fauna nativa en el marco de la taxonomía folk
Authors: Salas-López Gilbert Enrique
Published: December 2020

Since folk taxonomy is related to the innate classification of organisms, it could be the basis for designing, implementing, and evaluating environmental education strategies focused on biodiversity and its conservation. Through folk taxonomy, this study assessed a game-based environmental education intervention designed to improve Colombian native species’ knowledge. Two hundred and ninety-one (291) students from 4th to 9th grade of 11 public schools in Cundinamarca, Colombia, played ad libitum during the school recess period without a tutor. Students were asked to list all native Colombian animals they knew before playing for the first time and after having played for four to five weeks. The native animals mentioned were classified into the following ethnobiological taxonomic categories: life forms, generic, and specific. Although the composition of the “life forms” category did not change, there was a decrease in its abundance (taxa: two pre-game vs. two post-game; mentions: 101 pre-game vs. 89 post-game). Besides, there was an increase in composition and abundance in the “generic” category (taxa: 82 pre-game vs. 104 post-game; total 115; mentions: 2293 pre-game vs. 2505 post-game) and in the “specific” category (taxa: 24 pre-game vs. 53 post-game; total 64; mentions: 400 pre-game vs. 706 post-game). Because of the relation the relation between culture and the ethnobiological taxonomic categories, the decrease of abundance of taxa in the “life forms” category, and the increase of composition and abundance of taxa in the “generic” and “specific” categories, the results of this study can be considered as ideal for education interventions based on biodiversity and species identification.
Conocimiento del profesorado sobre la evaluación competencial del alumnado con talento matemático
Authors: Toalongo-Guamba Ximena , Alsina Ángel , Trelles-Zambrano César , Acosta Yeni
Published: December 2020

Students with mathematical talents generally receive little support to effectively guide their teaching-learning process, including assessment. This exploratory study analyzes the teachers’ knowledge about assessing these students’ mathematical competence to begin to transform this situation. A questionnaire previously validated by an expert judgment was administered to 32 in-service teachers to obtain the information; the teachers were selected through a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The results show that there are conceptual conflicts in the use of assessment terminology by teachers and ignorance about assessing mathematical competence. Based on the information collected, some first recommendations on the evaluation of mathematical competence in general and of students with mathematical talent, in particular, are presented to contribute to the professional development of teachers.
Escuchar a la infancia, la consulta infantil como mecanismo de participación para las niñas y los niños en el contexto escolar
Authors: Ochoa-Cervantes Azucena
Published: December 2020

Background. The participation of girls and boys is the means through which they can exercise their citizenship; however, as various studies have shown, in the school context there are opportunities for students to have their opinion heard and taken into account, that is, for their authentic participation. Objective. To identify the concerns of girls and boys within the school context and their community and, at the same time, to analyze the possibilities of implementing child consultation in the school context. Method. A descriptive exploratory study was designed. As a means of childhood participation, 226 primary and 267 high school students participated, all from public schools located in the municipality of Querétaro. The instruments to collect the information were a consultation questionnaire and focus groups differentiated by grades. Results. The results found that students have concerns about the interpersonal relationships that occur within their school and their community; they also refer to structural and institutional aspects. Discussion. The analysis of these aspects must take into account the opinions of children to propose projects that allow the construction of environments conducive to learning, as well as to position girls, boys, and teenagers as social actors.
Renovación del pensamiento económico-empresarial tras la globalización: Talentism & Happiness Economics
Authors: Sánchez-Boyón Antonio
Published: December 2020

Éste es un estudio histórico-comparado y crítico de pensamiento económico-empresarial, para revisar su ontología, axiología y epistemología. Se realiza un balance de las principales categorías y clasificaciones dominantes hasta la globalización, para adaptarlas al cambio paradigmático posglobalizatorio (y su Horizonte 2030), como implica la transición de la Economía de bienestar estatal a la Economía digital. Se realizan revelaciones sobre el intervencionismo económico y sus fallos conceptuales macroeconómicos y econométricos, tan influyentes en las reiteradas crisis sistémicas, cada vez más aceleradas y de tendencia extintiva. Se exponen también los novedosos planteamientos de la economía de felicidad y talento (v.g. RSC 3.0, salario emocional, clima laboral y satisfacción, motivación, gamificación), al ser palanca de cambio para avanzar hacia un nuevo estadio económico, rindiéndose cuenta de índices internacionales, certificaciones y buenas prácticas de las empresas líderes en la citada transformación y transición.
On the Category of Sex and Grammatical Gender in the Polish Language
Authors: Nowosad-Bakalarczyk Marta
Published: December 2020

The article is concerned with the selected aspects of the relation between sex and gender in the Polish language. The starting point for the discussion is the notion of sex – formed on the basis of the existing (and visible) biological differences in the world of humans and animals, grounded (and reproduced) in culture (i.e. the notion of gender). The aim of the discussion is to realize how these notions are encoded in the Polish language.It has been assumed that the category of biological sex underlies the linguistic category of gender understood, however, broadly, i.e. as a set of heterogenous linguistic forms interrelated by the common content, i.e. the meaning of sex/gender. The description of the category understood this way requires a holistic view of language as a tool for expressing thoughts (relative to its various levels, including the context of use) and also using the procedure “from meaning to form”.In the article, the author presents different types of markers of masculinity and femininity in the Polish language, i.e. lexical, morphological (inflexional and word-formative), textual, and contextual. It has been determined that in the case of concrete instances of language use, one deals with various combinations of the above mentioned indicators.
Expression of Man’s Portrait in the Dictionary of the Southern South Aukštaitian Subdialects
Authors: Ragaišienė Vilija
Published: December 2020

The article examines the expression of a person living in the area of the Southern South Aukštaitian, describing the appearance and physical characteristics, features of the character and temper, social status and relationships based on the material in the two-volume Comprehensive Dictionary of the Southern South Aukštaitian Subdialects (Vol I published in 2016, Vol II in 2019).To begin with, the study includes all sentences that use the word man. It is also based on the examples where it is replaced by pronouns (I, you, he, she etc.), kinship terms (mother, father, brother, sister, grandson, granddaughter, aunt, uncle etc.), nouns that designate individuals by the gender (boy, girl, woman, woman, man etc.) and other. All the sentences in the dictionary that speak of man are analysed.The lexicographic data show that a person (man, woman, child) is an individual living in the Southern South Aukštaitian area. He/she is a kind-hearted, sincere, open, tolerant, cheerful and witty, hardworking and creative representative of the people and dialect; also energetic and persevering, though not always physically strong and capable.The analysis carried out reveals the genesis of the concept of man, and shows the attitude of several generations to man. The illustrative sentences highlight the stereotypical image of a person living in the Southern South Aukštaitian area (cheerful, generous, and hardworking, believes in God and is superstitious, values the family etc.) and show the new emerging traits (laziness, drinking, stealing, disobeying, immoral and dishonest etc.). The analysis of the dialectical discourse reveals the difference between the archaic and contemporary approaches; the ongoing changes in material and spiritual life are revealed.The material in the dictionary reveals the wonderful harmony of man and nature, which has been formed over several centuries, with the community living in a relatively isolated, closed environment. The worldview of man living in the area of the Southern South Aukštaitian area is interwoven with the old mythological world, the mysteries of the Catholic faith, and the realities of the present. Although the world is changing, old values and customs are disappearing and villages are abandoned, people are optimistic about the world. Work, family, faith in God and man are their greatest values.
A systematic approach to the analysis of phenomena of the information and cyberspaces
Authors:   Institute of Telecommunications and Global Information Space of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kachynskyi A.B. , Styopochkina I.S. ,   Institute of Telecommunications and Global Information Space of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: December 2020

The terms “information space” and “cyberspace” form the basis of definitions of information security and cyber security. The actual issue is to determine the essence of the phenomena of the information and cyberspace, which currently do not have a unified vision. The paper proposes a study of the structure and properties of the information space and cyber space, based on a mathematical formalism, which distinguishes the work from the previous ones, where the corresponding spaces were considered descriptively. The information and cyberspaces are considered as complex systems to which a system approach is applied. Structural models of information and cyberspaces consisting of subsystems of the first, second, and third levels, and elements of the fourth level are offered. Based on the proposed models of systems, the indicators of integrity and autonomy are analyzed, which allows us to conclude that, in both spaces, there is a greater tendency to the structural monolithicity than to the autonomy of the components. But cyberspace shows a greater interdependence of components, compared to the information space, despite their higher dynamism and a less degree of attachment to real objects. The Jacquard similarity coefficient is calculated for the elements of the 4th level. It indicates a significant difference between the systems of the information space and the cyberspace. Descriptive analysis of the elements of the information and cyberspaces showed that the cyberspace, in contrast to the information space, operates not only information, but also data that are necessary to support its technological functioning. Another distinctive feature of the cyberspace is the information control to achieve a specific goal; while the information space deals only with the processing and storage of information.
Active filtration theory of multiphase power supply sys tems aimed at minimizing the power loss in the transmission line
Authors:   NTU of Ukraine “I. Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Artemenko М.Yu. , Mykhalskyi V.М. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Shapoval І.А. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: December 2020

The active filtration theory of multiphase power supply systems aimed at minimizing the power losses in the transmission line has been further developed. New relations are substantiated, and a new physical content is given for the instantaneous active current and the instantaneous apparent power, which take into account the dependence of the transmission line resistance ratio and correspond to similar integrated values of the periodic mode of a multiphase power supply system. It is shown that the instantaneous and integral values of the minimum possible losses are proportional to the square of the load power and inversely proportional to the short-circuit power. These values can be used to determine the power factors of a given load and gain coefficients for power losses. The calculated ratios for the gain coefficients for the instantaneous and integral power losses when using a shunt active filter with control strategies that form in the transmission line vectors of the active current according to the proposed formulas were obtained. The results of computer simulation confirmed the adequacy of all modified relations for the basic concepts of the active filtration theory of multiphase power supply systems and the advantages of the proposed active filtration strategies.
Hydrocarbons in the Gulf of Mexico: their genesis and extents of migration to the surface and to the atmosphere
Authors:   Institute of Applied Problems of Ecology, Geophysics and Geochemistry, Kyiv, Yakymchuk M.A. , Korchagin I.M. ,   S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: December 2020

The results of a reconnaissance survey of local areas, where a number of oil slicks are located in various regions of the Gulf of Mexico, are presented. Experimental studies using the direct-prospecting technology of frequency- resonance processing and the interpretation of satellite and photo images were carried out in order to study the features of the deep structure in the areas, where slicks are located. The results of instrumental measurements indicate that all nine survey sites in the Gulf are located above volcanoes, within which the synthesis of oil, condensate, and gas is carried out at the conditional border of 57 km. In the contours of such volcanoes, there are deep channels through which oil, condensate, and gas migrate to the upper horizons of the cross-section and can replenish the already formed deposits in hydrocarbon fields. In the absence of reliable seals over such channels, oil, condensate, and gas can migrate into the water column, and gas further into the atmosphere. During this migration, gas seeps are formed on the seabed and oil slicks on the water surface. The measurements confirmed the presence of all previously established types of volcanoes, in which conditions for the hydrocarbon synthesis exist at a depth of 57 km. These are volcanoes filled with 1) salt, 2) sedimentary rocks, 3) limestones, 4) granites, and 5) ultramafic rocks. Studies at the site near the emergency well indicate that there are a significant number of volcanoes in the Gulf, within which there are no conditions for the synthesis of hydrocarbons and amber. These are volcanoes filled with 1) dolomites, 2) marls, 3) siliceous rocks, as well as 4) basalts and 5) kimberlites. The additional evidence is obtained by instrumental measurements in favor of the deep (abiogenic) genesis of oil, condensate, and gas is of fundamental importance. Numerous facts of fixing the signals from oil, condensate, and gas at the conditional boundary of their synthesis of 57 km in the Gulf of Mexico and in other regions of the world allow us to make an assumption about the migration of abiogenic methane into the Earth’s atmosphere in colossal volumes! Methane seeps and oil slicks can serve as indicators of the activity of volcanoes in which hydrocarbons are synthesized. In these cases, drilling wells in the areas of the location of deep channels of the migration of abiogenic hydrocarbons to the upper horizons of the cross-section may be associated with great risks — with emergency situations during drilling.
Interphase phenomena in a composite system based on methylsilica and crushed mushrooms Amanita muscaria
Authors:   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Krupska T.V. , Yelahina N.V. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Protsak I.S. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Turov V.V. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: December 2020

1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that AM-1/Amanita composite systems are characterized by the significantly higher water binding energy than the starting materials, which can be used to create drug composites with increased retention time of biologically active substances that are a part of the fungus Amanita muscaria. It is in vestigated that the amount of weakly associated water is an order of magnitude smaller and is observed only at high temperatures (T > 270 K), whereas, in the chloroform medium, the number of weakly associated forms of water increases, and it is registered in the whole temperature range. It was found that, at temperatures T > 273 K in hydrophobic-hydrophilic systems AM-1/Amanita, the existence of a metastable solid state of water is possible.
Radial gradient of the mitochondrial ultrastructure in Pisum sativum L. roots
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Brykov V.O.
Published: December 2020

Tissue hypoxia in roots of terrestrial plants in the environment saturated with oxygen is conditioned by the high tissue density and oxygen utilization during the cellular respiration, and it is followed by a gradual decrease in the oxygen concentration from the organ surface. We used this natural model on the example of the main roots of 5-day-old seedlings of Pisum sativum L. growing under well-aerated conditions to study the ultrastructure of mitochondria in tissue with reducing oxygen content. In the direction from the root surface to the endodermis, it was found a gradual increase in the size of mitochondria due to swelling and partial fusion of the organelles. The formation of one dominant invagination led to the appearance of cup-shaped organelles in inner cortex cell layers. Such successive changes in the structure of organelles were called the radial gradient of the mitochondrial ultrastructure under a gradual decrease in the cell oxygen content. It is suggested that the described transformations in the mitochondrial ultrastructure could be an unspecific response to conditions that limit their energy and / or metabolic functions.
Gender equality and extreme poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: NGWAKWE COLLINS C.
Published: December 2020

This article assesses the link between the four pillars of gender equality and extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, the objective of the paper is to empirically examine whether the four pillars of gender equality, namely women’s health, women education, political participation of women and economic participation facilitate extreme poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. Data were collected from the World Bank development indicators and World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Index for 25 sub-Saharan African countries whose data appear on both indexes for three years into the SDGs era. Th e paper applied a quantitative approach with secondary data on poverty gap index drawn from the World Economic Forum Poverty Gap Index for sub-Saharan Africa. Data for twenty-fi ve sub-Saharan African countries were analysed using the fi xed-eff ect panel data regression approach using the Hauseman model selection test. Findings from the analysis indicate that, ceteris paribus, an increase in the threegender equity variables namely economic participation of women, education of women and political participation and leadership of women in sub-Saharan Africa has a signifi cant potential to reduce extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa within the sample of study. Since the fi ndings of this study have shown that extreme poverty can be reduced through increased women participation in economic activity, education and leadership, the SDG of poverty alleviation can be improved in sub-Saharan Africa through better government provision of economic, educational and leadership opportunities for women such as providing women with free-interest small business start-up funds, free education for women and supporting women to ascend and survive in political and leadership positions in sub-Saharan Africa through a balanced quota for female leadership positions. Given that the women’s health variable did not prove to be signifi cant on extreme poverty, further research is recommended to separate the health variable into rural health and urban health variables in order to examine the possibility that either of the health clusters might contribute signifi cantly to reducing extreme poverty. Th is paper contributes to existing literature by providing an empirical evidence to show that gender equality in sub-Saharan Africa is a viable policy strategy for achieving the SDGs 2030 Agenda of extreme poverty eradication in sub-Saharan Africa; the paper also provides empirical model for future study.
Influence of Physical-Chemical Factors of Phages Isolated in Dairy Processing Plants of Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of Food Resources, NAAS of Ukraine, Naumenko O.V. , Danylenko S.G. ,   Institute of Food Resources, NAAS of Ukraine, Kopylova K.V. ,   Institute of Food Resources, NAAS of Ukraine, Gunko S.M. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

When establishing a bacteriophage control system, it is important to introduce new modern approaches to dairy production, including the use of effective, cost-profitable washing and disinfection programs that can provide not only microbiological but also virological safety for production and target products. At the same time, information on reliable anti-phage treatment in dairy processing plants is extremely limited. Aim. Investigation of the virucidal activity of some disinfectants, depending on the composition, treatment conditions and titer of phage contamination. Methods. The objects of the study were virulent phages F 11; F/2 of Lactococcus lactis ssp., isolated in dairy processing plants from the collection of the Institute of Food Resources of the NAAS of Ukraine; disinfectants approved for use in the dairy industry (LLC “Lizoform”, Kyiv). The virucidal activity of the disinfectants was evaluated by the difference between the phage titer values in sterile distilled water without and with the addition of the disinfectant after a certain treatment time. The sensitivity of phages to the effect of the disinfectant was characterized by a constant of inactivation (Cin). The presence of active phages was determined by the “double agar” method with the addition of 10 mmol·l-1 CaCl2, 100 mmol·l-1 glycine. Results. Screening of physical and chemical factors that inhibit the development of virulent phages F 11 and F/2 of Lactococcus lactis ssp. isolated in dairy processing plants of Ukraine was performed. It was found that the most detrimental effect on these phages had disinfectants with such active substances as peracetic acid (PA), quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), and active chlorine (Cl2). It was determined that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of active chemical substance during “cold disinfection” at a temperature 20–22ºС were sufficiently high: for PA – 500–2000 mg·l-1 (p≤0.05); QAC – 900–1000 mg·l-1; Cl2 – 800–1000 mg·l-1, p≤0.01. Comparison of the phage inactivation rate with respect to the initial contamination level showed that phages in high titer 108 PFU·ml-1 (the most dangerous, critical level of contamination) were more resistant to treatment than phages in medium titer 106 PFU·ml-1. It was shown that the investigated phage F11 of Lactococcus lactis (936 species) were characterized by greater resistance to disinfectants compared to the phage F/2 of Lactococcus lactis (с2 species). Conclusions. The conditions of anti-phage treatment are experimentally substantiated. It is established that the effectiveness of disinfection depends on the type and concentration of the active chemical substance, as well as on the content and properties of phages that circulate in dairy processing plants of Ukraine.
Greek Issue in British Foreign Policy (1914-1917)
Authors:   Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University, Hrachov Artem
Published: December 2020

The article sheds light on British policy of bringing Greece into the First World War on Entente’s side. Interests of mutual cooperation between Greek political circles and Foreign Office, the course of negotiations about terms of Greek participation in the war, and requirements of the sides are analyzed. Factors that made an influence on Great Britain’s diplomacy are researched, namely: a danger of joining Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria to Central Powers after entering into the war by Greece in the first months of the conflict, an influence of Dardanelles operation on the positions of Greece and British diplomacy, an activity of French foreign service. Methods of British diplomacy, notably territorial compensations, financial assistance and bribery, were discovered
Threats and Challenges of the Nuclear Arms Race on the Current Stage
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Tsvietkov Oleksandr
Published: December 2020

Contemporary issues of nuclear weapons and the nuclear arms race in the modern world are examined, based mainly on the assessments of the German “Statista” company, the American Federation of Scientists and the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. It is emphasized that invented more than seventy years ago, nuclear weapon has not lost its basic qualities of the most massive and large-scale destruction, but also added to this the latest factors of global threat of its proliferation and the challenges of innovative technological advances in its means of delivery. The latter is increasingly imposed on the growing conflict of the modern multipolarworld order, thereby giving impetus to global competition in the accumulation of all forms of nuclear weapons and allocating unprecedented financial resources from nuclear and non-nuclear powers. It is shown that the most fierce competition in the nuclear arms race is developing in the triangle of relations and national interests between the US, Russia and China. On the same fact base, it is argued that China cannot be compared to the other two nations in the accumulated nuclear weapon arsenals, but that its technological positions and growing military potential lead to major changes in the bilateral concepts of international security and even to the termination of a number of Russian-American treaty agreements, above all in development of medium- and short-range ground-based missiles. There is also a gradual transition to a new deployment of forces and global strategies in the field of nuclear arms. World awareness of these changes is needed in a kind of the Swedish proposal on implementation of strategy for the “step-by-step” approach to nuclear disarmament. In general, challenges and threats should stimulate international dialogue in defense of the principle of peace-sharing in a global age
An Invasion by the Czech Ruler Přemysl Otakar II Against Bavaria in the Summer of 1257
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Likhtei Ihor
Published: December 2020

The article covers the background and course of the invasion by the Czech ruler Přemysl Otakar II against the possession of the Duke of Bavaria Henry XIII Wittelsbach in order to regain his control over certain territories in the country’s west. Besides, Přemysl Otakar II sought to assist indirectly his cousin, the Archbishop of Salzburg, Philip of Spanheim, who was a skilled warrior but a poor spiritual prince. That was why the chapter elected the new Archbishop of Salzburg Ulrich von Kirchberg. However, Philipp Spanheim did not intend to give up his benefit so easily and started a war against Ulrich von Kirchberg and the chapter. Přemysl Otakar II invaded Bavaria with his Czech-Austrian forces in late summer of 1257. He acted extremely cruel there, impoverishing everything around. However Duke Henry XIII Wittelsbach was quickly able to mobilize his armed forces. Resistance of the Bavarians was unexpected for the Czech ruler, so he decided to conclude a truce and retreat. While crossing the river Inn near Mühldorf a wooden bridge under the pressure of Přemysl Otakar II's soldiers broke through and water took the lives of many of them. The Czech ruler himself was lucky enough to get to the thither river bank before the tragic moment. Many Czechs and Austrians had been burned to death while seeking protection in a tower that the Bavarians set on fire. Decimated forces of Přemysl Otakar II have reached up to Mühldorf, where within 9 days they held out, and then lay down their arms and were allowed to leave the city. Military campaign of 1257 had catastrophic consequences, so Přemysl Otakar II had to abandon his plans. He was forced to conclude a peace treaty with the Duke of Bavaria, Henry XIII Wittelsbach, according to which he renounced all disputed territories
. Historiography About the Educational Activities of Jews in Dnipro Ukraine during the 19th – Early 20th centuries
Authors:   Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ivanenko Oksana
Published: December 2020

The article deals with historiography about the cultural and educational development of Jews in Dnipro Ukraine during the 19th – early 20th centuries. The formation and functioning of a Jewish educational system in Volhynia during that period, the work of Zhytomyr Rabbinical School and Zhytomyr Jewish Teachers Institute, spiritual-cultural and education activities of Jews in Left-bank Ukraine, Right-bank Ukraine, South-East Ukraine, which was then part of the Russian Empire, and on Western Ukrainian lands of Austria-Hungary are reflected in the historical science. While appreciating the progress of Judaic studies, it should be noted that today this subject needs to be developed further. This is especially important for understanding the key issues of Ukraine’s History and World History. The analysis of a wide range of historical sources, especially archival materials, will contribute to the objective presentation of the history of Jewish community as unique historical and cultural phenomenon and an important part of the Culture of Ukraine. The ideological and political pressure of Soviet era has slowed down Judaic studies, fulfilment of their scientific and practical potential. In the late 1980s there has been an upsurge of interest in the Jewish history. Research studies of Independent Ukraine have contributed to introduction into the scientific activities of new historical sources, developing innovative projects and ideas, improving methodological approaches. The role of Jews in increasing European cultural influences on the Ukrainian lands is a perspective direction of the historical research. In the period of raising the national spirit of Jews during the 19th – early 20th centuries, the number of Jewish students from Ukraine who studied in European universities has increased. Attention needs to be shifted towards an important social function of ethnic research, the results of which foster establishing Ukrainian cultural environment based on tolerance, mutual respect, humanism and cross-cultural dialogue
ELICITATION OF PLANT DEFENSE AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. CICERIS IN CHICKPEA PLANT USING MARINE MICROCOCCUS SP.
Authors: Patel Palak P , Patel Keyur B , Dhandhukia Pinakin C , Thakker Janki N
Published: December 2020

Chickpea is produced as well as consumed highest in India amongst the whole world but, production is seriously curtailed by Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris (FOC). In stressful conditions, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increases in plants which cause significant damage. To reduce this ROS, plants have inbuilt antioxidants that can detoxify ROS and protect cells of plants. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Micrococcus luteus on the induction of defense enzymes in the presence and absence of Fusarium in chickpea. Talc-based bio-formulation of marine M. luteus was employed under pot trials to scrutinize mechanism of induced resistance against Fusarium by the improvement of defense enzymes like SOD, POX as well as accumulation of L-proline, total phenolic and pigments like chlorophyll and carotenoids. Pot trials were done using four different conditions- T1 (control), T2 (M. luteus treated), T3 (FOC treated), and T4 (M. luteus + FOC treated). Defense enzymes were studied and a maximum increase in M. luteus treated plants as compared to control and pathogen treated plants were noted. The chlorophyll and carotenoid content were improved in M. luteus treated plants to pathogen treated plants. This study indicated that M. luteus helps the plant to protect itself from free radicals as it showed significant induction of enhanced plant defense response against soil-borne pathogen to protect chickpea plant.