bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zurletrectinib is a next-generation TRK inhibitor with strong intracranial activity against NTRK fusion-positive tumours with on-target resistance to first-generation agents
Authors: Roa Paola , Foglizzo Valentina , Harada Guilherme , Repetto Matteo , Kulick Amanda , de Stanchina Elisa , de Marchena Michelle , Auwardt Supipi , Sayed Ahmed Shaza , Bremer Nicole Virginia , Yang Soo-Ryum , Feng Yangbo , Zhou Chao , Kong Norman , Liang Ruixia , Xu Haipeng , Zhang Bin , Bardelli Alberto , Toska Eneda , Ventura Andrea , Drilon Alexander , Cocco Emiliano
Published: June 2024

Background

While NTRK fusion-positive cancers can be exquisitely sensitive to first-generation TRK inhibitors, resistance inevitably occurs, mediated in many cases by acquired NTRK mutations. Next-generation inhibitors (e.g., selitrectinib, repotrectinib) maintain activity against these TRK mutant tumors; however, there are no next-generation TRK inhibitors approved by the FDA and select trials have stopped treating patients. Thus, the identification of novel, potent and specific next-generation TRK inhibitors is a high priority.

Methods

In silico modeling and in vitro kinase assays were performed on TRK wild type (WT) and TRK mutant kinases. Cell viability and clonogenic assays as well as western blots were performed on human primary and murine engineered NTRK fusion-positive TRK WT and mutant cell models. Finally, zurletrectinib was tested in vivo in human xenografts and murine orthotopic glioma models harboring TRK-resistant mutations.

Results

In vitro kinase and in cell-based assays showed that zurletrectinib, while displaying similar potency against TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC WT kinases, was more active than other FDA approved or clinically tested 1st- (larotrectinib) and next-generation (selitrectinib and repotrectinib) TRK inhibitors against most TRK inhibitor resistance mutations (13 out of 18). Similarly, zurletrectinib inhibited tumor growth in vivo in sub-cute xenograft models derived from NTRK fusion-positive cells at a dose 30 times lower when compared to selitrectinib. Computational modeling suggests this stronger activity to be the consequence of augmented binding affinity of zurletrectinib for TRK kinases. When compared to selitrectinib and repotrectinib, zurletrectinib showed increased brain penetration in rats 0.5 and 2 h following a single oral administration. Consistently, zurletrectinib significantly improved the survival of mice harboring orthotopic NTRK fusion-positive, TRK-mutant gliomas (median survival = 41.5, 66.5, and 104 days for selitrectinib, repotrectinib, and zurletrectinib respectively; P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our data identifies zurletrectinib as a novel, highly potent next-generation TRK inhibitor with stronger in vivo brain penetration and intracranial activity than other next-generation agents.
Explicit measures for emotional congruence with children are related to sexual interests in a male community sample, but not implicit measures
Authors: Yoon Dahlnym , Hofmann Miriam J. , Mokros Andreas , Krüppel Jonas
Published: June 2024

This study sought to disentangle several phenotypic correlates of pedophilic sexual interests, such as emotional congruence with children and lack of empathy. We utilized Implicit Association Tests and self-report questionnaires for emotional congruence with children and analyzed the psychometric properties of these measures. Further, we analyzed the associations between these measures and self-reported pedophilic sexual interests and empathy. The sample consisted of 110 adult community males (prevalence of sexual interest in children at least to some extent: 5.5%) with or without child-related jobs (43.6% vs. 56.4%) recruited online in the general population. Overall, we found equivocal parameters for reliability of the implicit and explicit measures of emotional congruence with children (α = 0.29 to 0.76). The self-reported emotional congruence with children was only weakly linked to the implicit positive evaluations of children (r = 0.170, p = 0.039), not linked to empathy except for distress in social interactions (r = 0.199, p = 0.019), and moderately linked to deviant sexual interests in children (r = 0.321 to 0.404, p < 0.001), especially in men working with children (R2 = 0.04, p = 0.027). Further studies are warranted to expand the sample to the offender population and explore the more complex network of constructs related to pedophilia.
Bacterial c-di-GMP triggers metamorphosis of mussel larvae through a STING receptor
Authors: Hu Xiao-Meng , Peng Lihua , Wang Yuyi , Ma Fan , Tao Yu , Liang Xiao , Yang Jin-Long
Published: June 2024

Bacteria induced metamorphosis observed in nearly all marine invertebrates. However, the mechanism of bacteria regulating the larvae-juvenile metamorphosis remains unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that c-di-GMP, a ubiquitous bacterial second-messenger molecule, directly triggers the mollusc Mytilus coruscus larval metamorphosis via the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) receptor. We determined that the deletion of c-di-GMP synthesis genes resulted in reduced c-di-GMP levels and biofilm-inducing activity on larval metamorphosis, accompanied by alterations in extracellular polymeric substances. Additionally, c-di-GMP extracted from tested varying marine bacteria all exhibited inducing activity on larval metamorphosis. Simultaneously, through pharmacological and molecular experiments, we demonstrated that M. coruscus STING (McSTING) participates in larval metamorphosis by binding with c-di-GMP. Our findings reveal that new role of bacterial c-di-GMP that triggers mussel larval metamorphosis transition, and extend knowledge in the interaction of bacteria and host development in marine ecosystems.
Regime shift in secondary inorganic aerosol formation and nitrogen deposition in the rural United States
Authors: Pan Da , Mauzerall Denise L. , Wang Rui , Guo Xuehui , Puchalski Melissa , Guo Yixin , Song Shaojie , Tong Daniel , Sullivan Amy P. , Schichtel Bret A. , Collett Jeffrey L. , Zondlo Mark A.
Published: June 2024

Secondary inorganic aerosols play an important role in air pollution and climate change, and their formation modulates the atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen (including oxidized and reduced nitrogen), thus impacting the nitrogen cycle. Large-scale and long-term analyses of secondary inorganic aerosol formation based on model simulations have substantial uncertainties. Here we improve constraints on secondary inorganic aerosol formation using decade-long in situ observations of aerosol composition and gaseous precursors from multiple monitoring networks across the United States. We reveal a shift in the secondary inorganic aerosol formation regime in the rural United States between 2011 and 2020, making rural areas less sensitive to changes in ammonia concentrations and shortening the effective atmospheric lifetime of reduced forms of reactive nitrogen. This leads to potential increases in reactive nitrogen deposition near ammonia emission hotspots, with ecosystem impacts warranting further investigation. Ammonia (NH3), a critical but not directly regulated precursor of fine particulate matter in the United States, has been increasingly scrutinized to improve air quality. Our findings, however, show that controlling NH3 became significantly less effective for mitigating fine particulate matter in the rural United States. We highlight the need for more collocated aerosol and precursor observations for better characterization of secondary inorganic aerosols formation in urban areas.
A global atlas of soil viruses reveals unexplored biodiversity and potential biogeochemical impacts
Authors: Graham Emily B. , Camargo Antonio Pedro , Wu Ruonan , Neches Russell Y. , Nolan Matt , Paez-Espino David , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Jansson Janet K. , McDermott Jason E. , Hofmockel Kirsten S. ,   the Soil Virosphere Consortium, Blanchard Jeffrey L. , Liu Xiao Jun A. , Rodrigues Jorge L. Mazza , Freedman Zachary B. , Baldrian Petr , Stursova Martina , DeAngelis Kristen M. , Lee Sungeun , Godoy-Vitorino Filipa , Yeoh Yun Kit , Cadillo-Quiroz Hinsby , Tringe Susannah G. , Chauhan Archana , Cowan Don A. , Van Goethem Marc W. , Woyke Tanja , Dove Nicholas C. , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. , Juenger Thomas E. , Hart Stephen C. , Myrold David D. , Onstott Tullis C. , Bohannan Brendan J. M. , Schmer Marty R. , Palmer Nathan A. , Nüsslein Klaus , Makhalanyane Thulani P. , Dynarski Katherine A. , Taş Neslihan , Nicol Graeme W. , Hazard Christina , Scully Erin D. , Jain Kunal R. , Madamwar Datta , Bissett Andrew , Constant Philippe , Oliveira Rafael S. , Takacs-Vesbach Cristina , Cregger Melissa A. , Carrell Alyssa A. , Klingeman Dawn M. , Pietrasiak Nicole
Published: June 2024

Historically neglected by microbial ecologists, soil viruses are now thought to be critical to global biogeochemical cycles. However, our understanding of their global distribution, activities and interactions with the soil microbiome remains limited. Here we present the Global Soil Virus Atlas, a comprehensive dataset compiled from 2,953 previously sequenced soil metagenomes and composed of 616,935 uncultivated viral genomes and 38,508 unique viral operational taxonomic units. Rarefaction curves from the Global Soil Virus Atlas indicate that most soil viral diversity remains unexplored, further underscored by high spatial turnover and low rates of shared viral operational taxonomic units across samples. By examining genes associated with biogeochemical functions, we also demonstrate the viral potential to impact soil carbon and nutrient cycling. This study represents an extensive characterization of soil viral diversity and provides a foundation for developing testable hypotheses regarding the role of the virosphere in the soil microbiome and global biogeochemistry.
Theoretical investigation of electrocatalytic activity of Pt-free dual atom-doped graphene for O2 reduction in an alkaline solution
Authors: Shaldehi Tahereh Jangjooye , Rowshanzamir Soosan
Published: June 2024

Non-precious electrocatalysts as the alternative to Pt have become a hot research area in the last decade due to the suitable catalytic activity in Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in electrochemical systems. In this work, the density functional theory calculations were investigated to explore the activity of Fe, Cu, and Fe-Cu atoms supported by N-doped graphene as the ORR electrocatalyst for Oxygen-depolarized cathodes (ODCs). To this end, the ORR mechanism was surveyed in detail in the gas and solvent phases. The results show that the solvent phase leads to a higher overpotential and thermodynamic limiting potential. According to the density of states curves, there are strong interactions between metal atom and substrate that can effectively tune the electronics of catalysts. Bader's analysis confirms that, in addition to the single metal atoms, nitrogen atoms have also played a critical role in charge transfer between substrates and oxygen molecules in ORR. It is also predicted that Fe-Cu@NC SAC exhibits the highest catalytic activity which is consistent with thermodynamic limiting potential and theoretical overpotential of  − 0.26 and  0.66 (V vs. SHE), respectively, indicating that this type of catalyst may be a suitable candidate instead of precious metals in oxygen-depolarized cathodes in electrochemical devices.
Deep Ensemble learning and quantum machine learning approach for Alzheimer’s disease detection
Authors: Jenber Belay Abebech , Walle Yelkal Mulualem , Haile Melaku Bitew
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer disease (AD) is among the most chronic neurodegenerative diseases that threaten global public health. The prevalence of Alzheimer disease and consequently the increased risk of spread all over the world pose a vital threat to human safekeeping. Early diagnosis of AD is a suitable action for timely intervention and medication, which may increase the prognosis and quality of life for affected individuals. Quantum computing provides a more efficient model for different disease classification tasks than classical machine learning approaches. The full potential of quantum computing is not applied to Alzheimer’s disease classification tasks as expected. In this study, we proposed an ensemble deep learning model based on quantum machine learning classifiers to classify Alzheimer’s disease. The Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative I and Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative II datasets are merged for the AD disease classification. We combined important features extracted based on the customized version of VGG16 and ResNet50 models from the merged images then feed these features to the Quantum Machine Learning classifier to classify them as non-demented, mild demented, moderate demented, and very mild demented. We evaluate the performance of our model by using six metrics; accuracy, the area under the curve, F1-score, precision, and recall. The result validates that the proposed model outperforms several state-of-the-art methods for detecting Alzheimer’s disease by registering an accuracy of 99.89 and 98.37 F1-score.
Assessing the instantaneous social dilemma on social distancing attitudes and vaccine behavior in disease control
Authors: Ariful Kabir K. M. , Tanimoto Jun
Published: June 2024

In the face of infectious disease outbreaks, the collective behavior of a society can has a profound impact on the course of the epidemic. This study investigates the instantaneous social dilemma presented by individuals' attitudes toward vaccine behavior and its influence on social distancing as a critical component in disease control strategies. The research employs a multifaceted approach, combining modeling techniques and simulation to comprehensively assess the dynamics between social distancing attitudes and vaccine uptake during disease outbreaks. With respect to modeling, we introduce a new vaccination game (VG) where, unlike conventional VG models, a 2-player and 2-strategy payoff structure is aptly embedded in the individual behavior dynamics. Individuals' willingness to adhere to social distancing measures, such as mask-wearing and physical distancing, is strongly associated with their inclination to receive vaccines. The study reveals that a positive attitude towards social distancing tends to align with a higher likelihood of vaccine acceptance, ultimately contributing to more effective disease control. As the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated, swift and coordinated public health measures are essential to curbing the spread of infectious diseases. This study underscores the urgency of addressing the instantaneous social dilemma posed by individuals' attitudes. By understanding the intricate relationship between these factors, policymakers, and healthcare professionals can develop tailored strategies to promote both social distancing compliance and vaccine acceptance, thereby enhancing our ability to control and mitigate the impact of disease outbreaks in the future.
Assessment of noninvasive brain stimulation interventions in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yueying , Ding Yi , Guo Chenchen
Published: June 2024

A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to compare and rank the effectiveness of various noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) databases from the date of database inception to April 30th, 2024. Two researchers independently screened studies of NIBS treatment in patients with PD based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two researchers independently performed data extraction of the included studies using an Excel spreadsheet and assessed the quality of the literature according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (RoB2). Network meta-analysis was performed in StataMP 17.0. A total of 28 studies involving 1628 PD patients were included. The results showed that HF-rTMS over the SMA (SMD = − 2.01; 95% CI [− 2.87, − 1.15]), HF-rTMS over the M1 and DLPFC (SMD = − 1.80; 95% CI [− 2.90, − 0.70]), HF-rTMS over the M1 (SMD = − 1.10; 95% CI [− 1.55, − 0.65]), a-tDCS over the DLPFC (SMD = − 1.08; 95% CI [− 1.90, − 0.27]), HF-rTMS over the M1 and PFC (SMD = − 0.92; 95% CI [− 1.71, − 0.14]), LF-rTMS over the M1 (SMD = − 0.72; 95% CI [− 1.17, − 0.28]), and HF-rTMS over the DLPFC (SMD = − 0.70; 95% CI [− 1.21, − 0.19]) were significantly improved motor function compared with sham stimulation. The SUCRA three highest ranked were HF-rTMS over the SMA (95.1%), HF-rTMS over the M1 and DLPFC (89.6%), and HF-rTMS over the M1 (73.0%). In terms of enhanced cognitive function, HF-rTMS over the DLPFC (SMD = 0.80; 95% CI [0.03,1.56]) was significantly better than sham stimulation. The SUCRA three most highly ranked were a-tDCS over the M1 (69.8%), c-tDCS over the DLPFC (66.9%), and iTBS over the DLPFC (65.3%). HF-rTMS over the M1 (SMD = − 1.43; 95% CI [− 2.26, − 0.61]) and HF-rTMS over the DLPFC (SMD = − 0.79; 95% CI [− 1.45, − 0.12)]) significantly improved depression. The SUCRA three highest ranked were HF-rTMS over the M1 (94.1%), LF-rTMS over the M1 (71.8%), and HF-rTMS over the DLPFC (69.0%). HF-rTMS over the SMA may be the best option for improving motor symptoms in PD patients. a-tDCS and HF-rTMS over the M1 may be the NIBS with the most significant effects on cognition and depression, separately.

Trial registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Review, PROSPERO (CRD42023456088)
Indirect prediction of graphene nanoplatelets-reinforced cementitious composites compressive strength by using machine learning approaches
Authors: Fawad Muhammad , Alabduljabbar Hisham , Farooq Furqan , Najeh Taoufik , Gamil Yaser , Ahmed Bilal
Published: June 2024

Graphene nanoplatelets (GrNs) emerge as promising conductive fillers to significantly enhance the electrical conductivity and strength of cementitious composites, contributing to the development of highly efficient composites and the advancement of non-destructive structural health monitoring techniques. However, the complexities involved in these nanoscale cementitious composites are markedly intricate. Conventional regression models encounter limitations in fully understanding these intricate compositions. Thus, the current study employed four machine learning (ML) methods such as decision tree (DT), categorical boosting machine (CatBoost), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) to establish strong prediction models for compressive strength (CS) of graphene nanoplatelets-based materials. An extensive dataset containing 172 data points was gathered from published literature for model development. The majority portion (70%) of the database was utilized for training the model while 30% was used for validating the model efficacy on unseen data. Different metrics were employed to assess the performance of the established ML models. In addition, SHapley Additve explanation (SHAP) for model interpretability. The DT, CatBoost, LightGBM, and ANFIS models exhibited excellent prediction efficacy with R-values of 0.8708, 0.9999, 0.9043, and 0.8662, respectively. While all the suggested models demonstrated acceptable accuracy in predicting compressive strength, the CatBoost model exhibited exceptional prediction efficiency. Furthermore, the SHAP analysis provided that the thickness of GrN plays a pivotal role in GrNCC, significantly influencing CS and consequently exhibiting the highest SHAP value of + 9.39. The diameter of GrN, curing age, and w/c ratio are also prominent features in estimating the strength of graphene nanoplatelets-based cementitious materials. This research underscores the efficacy of ML methods in accurately forecasting the characteristics of concrete reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets, providing a swift and economical substitute for laborious experimental procedures. It is suggested that to improve the generalization of the study, more inputs with increased datasets should be considered in future studies.
Bifocal diffractive lenses based on the aperiodic Kolakoski sequence
Authors: Garmendía-Martínez Adrián , Muñoz-Pérez Francisco M. , Furlan Walter D. , Ferrando Vicente , Monsoriu Juan A.
Published: June 2024

In this work, we present a new family of Zone Plates (ZPs) designed using the self-generating Kolakoski sequence. The focusing and imaging properties of these aperiodic diffractive lenses coined Kolakoski Zone Plates (KZPs) are extensively studied. It is shown that under monochromatic plane-wave illumination, a KZP produces two main foci of the same intensity along the axial axis. Moreover, one of the corresponding focal lengths is double the other, property correlated with the involved aperiodic sequence. This distinctive optical characteristic is experimentally confirmed. We have also obtained the first images provided by these bifocal new diffractive lenses.
Coupled CFD-FEM analysis of the damage causes of the retention bunker: a case study at hard coal mine
Authors: Janoszek Tomasz , Rotkegel Marek
Published: June 2024

Underground coal storage bunkers serve as crucial infrastructural components in the coal mining industry, providing secure and accessible locations for the storage of mined coal. The interaction between stored coal and underground water in coal storage bunkers indeed poses significant challenges due to the unpredictable nature of the resulting coal-water mixture. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent in coal mines operating under water hazards, where groundwater infiltration into storage areas can lead to the formation of coal-water mixtures, altering the physical properties of the stored coal. The interaction between coal and water can result in the formation of coal-water mixtures (hydromixture), which exhibit complex rheological properties. These mixtures may vary in viscosity, density, and particle size distribution, making their behavior difficult to predict. Underground water may exert hydrostatic pressure on the stored coal, influencing its mechanical behavior and compaction properties. Changes in pressure can result in coal compaction or expansion, affecting bunker stability and the integrity of surrounding rock strata. The main goal of the paper was to determine the values of pressure field variations exerted by the flowing hydromixture within underground coal storage bunkers. This objective reflects a critical aspect of understanding the dynamic behavior of coal-water mixtures (hydromixture) under varying conditions, particularly in environments where water hazards pose significant challenges to storage and operational stability. The paper utilized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods to examine the changes in pressure within underground coal storage bunkers induced by the flow of coal-water mixtures. The examination of damage to an underground coal storage bunker due to stress distribution was conducted using the finite element method (FEM). This computational technique is widely utilized in engineering and structural analysis to model complex systems and predict the behavior of materials under various loading conditions The results of the CFD numerical simulation were compared with the mathematical models.
Mixing and matching N,N- and N,O-chelates in anionic Mg(i) compounds: synthesis and reactivity with RNCNR and CO
Authors: O'Reilly Andrea , Haynes Matthew D. , Turner Zoë R. , McMullin Claire L. , Harder Sjoerd , O'Hare Dermot , Fulton J. Robin , Coles Martyn P.
Published: June 2024

Reduction of a bis(amidodimethyl)disiloxane Mg(ii) compound affords a mixture of N,N- and N,O-chelated Mg(i) species. Reactivity with RNCNR and CO demonstrate reducing behaviour, with the products showing a combination of ligands at magnesium.
Room-temperature ferromagnetism, half-metallicity and spin transport in monolayer CrSc2Te4-based magnetic tunnel junction devices
Authors: Yue Ruixue , Su Xuemin , Lv Xiaodong , Zhang Bingwen , Su Shaolong , Li Haipeng , Guo Shaoqiang , Gong Jian
Published: June 2024

A stable 2D CrSc2Te4 ferromagnetic (FM) half-metal monolayer with a wide bandgap of 1.02 eV and high Curie temperature (Tc) of 326 K is proposed. It showcases exceptional properties for spintronics applications (TMR: 6087.07%).
Electron-rich pyridines with para-N-heterocyclic imine substituents: ligand properties and coordination to CO2, SO2, BCl3 and PdII complexes
Authors: Franzen Jonas H. , Wilm Lukas F. B. , Rotering Philipp , Wurst Klaus , Seidl Michael , Dielmann Fabian
Published: June 2024

N-heterocyclic imine groups significantly increase the donor strength of pyridines and their propensity to form complexes with Lewis acids.
Band gap engineering and photoluminescence tuning in halide double perovskites
Authors: Novikov Sergei A. , Valueva Aleksandra D. , Klepov Vladislav V.
Published: June 2024

Halide double perovskites (HDPs) offer a versatile platform for property tuning. This article describes recent advancements in optimizing structures and electronic properties of HDPs for light conversion.
An ultra-high mass-loading transition metal phosphide electrocatalyst for efficient water splitting and ultra-durable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Khodayar Navid , Noori Abolhassan , Rahmanifar Mohammad S. , Moloudi Masumeh , Hassani Nasim , Neek-Amal Mehdi , El-Kady Maher F. , Mohamed Nahla B. , Xia Xinhui , Zhang Yongqi , Kaner Richard B. , Mousavi Mir F.
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate the practical applicability of Ni–Co–Mn–P as an efficient electrocatalyst active in all the HER, OER, and ORR processes even under an ultra-high mass loading of over 22 mg cm−2.
Steam-assisted electro-reduction of NiO: a sustainable alternative to conventional hydrogen reduction
Authors: Xie Kaiyu , Kamali Ali Reza
Published: June 2024

Steam-assisted electro-reduction of metal oxides presents an innovative approach for the green and efficient extractive metallurgy of nickel.
Internal 2D networking of silver bromide with a bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligand enables the formation of an inherently heterogeneous reusable catalyst for multicomponent A3 coupling
Authors: Nallappan Sundaravelu , Kucherak Oleksandr , Kiss Anita , Lapinskaite Ringaile , Císařová Ivana , Rycek Lukas
Published: June 2024

We report the synthesis of an internal 2D networking heterogeneous silver catalyst stabilized by bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. The Ag–NHC catalyst is employed in A3 coupling reactions and demonstrated reusability for six cycles.
Green light-mediated dual eosin Y/PdII-catalyzed C(sp2)–H arylation of N–H unprotected 2-arylquinazolinones
Authors: Mondal Shuvam , Jana Ranjan
Published: June 2024

An eosin Y/PdII dual catalytic highly regio- and chemoselective C(sp2)–H monoarylation of N–H unprotected 2-phenyl quinazolinones with diazonium salts under visible light irradiation is disclosed.
Learning From Research: Thinking About Why and How to Promote Word Reading in Children With Speech Sound Disorder
Authors: Ehrhorn Anna M.
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this clinical focus article is to review why speech sound disorder (SSD) puts children at risk for word reading difficulties and how speech-language pathologists can integrate foundational word reading skills to reduce this risk.

Method:

The triangle model was reviewed to identify phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, and language as integrated foundational word reading skills for skilled word reading. Reading research in SSD suggests that children with SSD often exhibit poor phonological awareness, limited orthographic knowledge, and may have potential language deficits increasing risk of word reading difficulties. Recent evidence suggests that one or more reduced foundational word reading skills may decrease the interconnected strength among these three skills, negatively impacting accurate and fluent word reading development.

Results:

Informed by theory and SSD research, clinical recommendations were provided to guide assessment and intervention for children with SSD. Two hypothetical case studies illustrated the practical implementation of these recommendations in both assessment and intervention planning.

Conclusions:

Although SSD elevates the risk of word reading difficulties, not all children with SSD present with these difficulties. Recognizing the interplay of strengths and weaknesses between phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, and language skills may explain word reading variability in children with SSD. Integrating these foundational word reading skills into SSD assessment and intervention is essential, as recent evidence indicates that deficits in these skill areas may reduce the connections crucial for accurate and fluent word reading. This comprehensive approach, outlined in the clinical recommendations, not only enhances speech sound production for effective communication but also holds significant potential to promote word reading. Understanding and supporting the dynamic relationship between speech and foundational word reading skills in children with SSD can help optimize their reading achievement.
Properties of flare events based on light curves from the TESS survey
Authors: Zhang Liyun , Yang Zilu , Su Tianhao , Han Xianming L. , Misra Prabhakar
Published: June 2024

Aims. Stellar flares are sudden bursts of energy and are the result of magnetic activity. We used light curves from the TESS 20-second cadence survey from 2020 to 2023 to detect flare events and determine their properties.

Methods. By means of repeated fitting to distinguish stellar background light curves and flare events, we detected 32 978 flare events associated with 5463 flaring stars. Furthermore, we cross-matched our samples with the Gaia and SDSS surveys, obtaining additional stellar parameters that we used to determine the relationships between stellar and flare properties.

Results. We find that the durations of 55% of the studied flares were less than 8 minutes. The flare energies of the TESS 20-second cadence data are typically lower than those obtained from TESS 2-minute cadence data. We identify 28 425 flare events associated with 4784 flaring stars. The relationships between the flare energy and duration for both giant and main sequence stars display a consistent V-shaped distribution, with 1034 erg the midway point. Stars with lower effective temperatures and masses generate more frequent flare events. In summary, it is necessary to detect more flare events with a higher time resolution, and our flare samples with 20-second cadences allowed us to discover additional new properties.
X Persei: A study on the origin of its high-energy emission
Authors: Rodi J. , Natalucci L. , Fiocchi M.
Published: June 2024

Aims. The origin of the hard X-ray emission in the Be/X-ray binary system X Persei has long been debated as its atypical ‘two-hump’ spectrum can be modelled in multiple ways. The main debate focuses on the the high-energy hump, which is fit as either a cyclotron resonance scatter frequency (CRSF) or inverse Comptonization due to bulk Comptonization.

Methods. Using INTEGRAL/JEM-X and ISGRI data, we studied the temporal and spectral variability in the 3 − 250 keV energy range during observations over ∼15 years. A NuSTAR observation was also included in a joint spectral fit with the INTEGRAL spectrum.

Results. We find that the joint spectrum can be described well by a low-energy component due to thermal Comptonization and a high-energy component due to bulk Comptonization, a CRSF, or a cyclotron emission line. The three models begin to diverge above ∼120 keV, where statistics are low.

Conclusions. We compare our results with observations of other Be/X-ray binaries that show similar ‘two-hump’ spectra while in a low-luminosity state. As the sources are in a low accretion state, the bulk Comptonization process is likely inefficient, and thus not an explanation for the high-energy component. The broad CRSF (27 ± 2 keV) in X Persei suggests that the high-energy emission is not due to a CRSF. Thus, the high-energy component is potentially due to cyclotron emission, though other scenarios are not definitively excluded.
A look at the high energy aspects of the supernova remnant G309.8+00.0 with eROSITA and Fermi-LAT
Authors: Michailidis M. , Pühlhofer G. , Santangelo A. , Sasaki M. , Becker W.
Published: June 2024

Supernova remnant (SNR) detection along the Galactic plane poses a number of challenges. A diffuse X-ray emission component emanating from unidentified sources on the Galactic plane further complicates such a detection in X-rays. Due to the presence of dense dust clouds along the Galactic plane, X-ray photons are also subject to high absorption. Similarly, diffuse signals from the Galactic plane cause γ-ray contamination from the signal of individual objects. The SNR G309.8+00.0 lies exactly on the Galactic plane, with its center coinciding with galactic latitude (b) = 0°. In this paper we report the first detection of the SNR G309.8+00.0 in X-rays and γ rays, using stacked data from the first four consecutive extended ROentgen Survey Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) – on board the Russian-German Spektrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) – all-sky surveys (eRASS:4) and ∼15.5 yr of Pass 8 data recorded from Fermi-LAT, respectively. The SNR appears to have an elliptical shape of
0ọ43 × 0ọ32 in size in both radio synchrotron and X-ray data. The SNR’s emission exhibits a shell-like morphology and good spatial correlation in both energy bands. The X-ray emission was solely detected in the 1–2 keV energy band (subject to strong absorption at soft X-rays) and the spectral analysis results of eRASS:4 data present a purely thermal SNR with a high absorption column density 3.1+0.7-0.5 ⋅ 1022 cm-2 and a temperature of 0.34 ± 0.1 keV. Although the thermal plasma appears to be in equilibrium, the limited statistics do not allow us to exclude nonequilibrium models. The X-ray spectral analysis of the remnant resulted in the detection of relatively (given the limited statistics) prominent Mg triplet lines at 1.33–1.47 keV and silicon (Si XIII) at 1.74–1.9 keV energies. In combination with optical extinction data, the absorption column density values derived from the remnant’s spectral analysis support a remnant’s distance greater than 6 kpc, rather than a 3.12 kpc distance as reported in the literature, and yield an age of 1 − 3.5 ⋅ 105 yr. Employing ∼15.5 yr of Fermi-LAT γ-ray data at and around the remnant’s vicinity, we confirm the detection of the to-date unidentified 4FGL J1349.5−6206c source that can either be modeled as a single source or a conglomerate of multiple distinct source components. In the latter case, the detailed inspection of the Fermi-LAT γ-ray data in the direction of the remnant allowed us to decompose the 4FGL J1349.5−6206c source into four point-like components, among which one is spatially coincident with the SNR G309.8+00.0 shell. We detected the component that spatially coincides with the SNR with a significance of 5.8σ above 1 GeV with Fermi-LAT and thus argue that the SNR G309.8+00.0 likely represents at least a significant portion (if not all) of the emission from the 4FGL J1349.5−6206c γ-ray source, detected with 9.8σ significance > 1 GeV with Fermi-LAT.
Prospects of the introduction of digital technologies in agricultural activities
Authors: Homidov Hamdam , Penev Nikolay , Azimov Dilmurod , Maxmudov Abbos , Nencheva Iskra
Published: June 2024

In the digitalization of agriculture activities, fundamental changes are taking place in the paradigm of agricultural production management, because as a result of the robotization of production and the automation of production management systems, strategic decisions are made by humans, and tactical decisions are made by machines based on the displayed information. This article will talk about the system used to digitize agricultural activities. This program's main function is covered and in what sequence the process takes place. The program was developed as a web application, the Backend of which was based on the Python programming language. In this case, an algorithm and program for achieving the final result are developed based on modular programming methods.
Resource saving as a tool for environmental and production management in ensuring economic security of sustainable enterprise development
Authors: Hutsaliuk Oleksii , Bondar Iulia , Savelieva Iryna , Shchoholieva Inna , Navolokina Alla
Published: June 2024

The study is dedicated to the role of resource-saving as an efficient tool for environmental and production management in the context of ensuring sustainable development and economic security of enterprises. The article analyzes the environment and assesses the progress of environmental protection in the national economy according to the Environmental Performance Index. It is determined that resource saving is aimed at optimizing the use of resources and minimizing losses in production processes to reduce enterprises' environmental impact and increase their competitiveness. Industrially developed countries spend on average 2.5% of GDP annually on innovative energy and resource-saving solutions (the UK – 2.2%, Germany and France – 2.5%, the USA – 2.7%, Japan – 2.9%, Sweden – 3.3%), while the investment resource-saving potential in Ukraine, unfortunately, is minimized and amounts to 0.34%. At the same time, the share of enterprises' funds in the total expenditures on innovations is constantly increasing to 83.9% in 2020. More than 80% of enterprises implemented resource-efficient measures precisely because of changes in energy and raw material prices, independently finding ways to implement their actions to efficiently use resources.
Sustainable development of the agrosocial system on the basis of innovative competitiveness in the context of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine
Authors: Olshanska Oleksandra , Milinov Valentin , Puzyrova Polina , Mitkov Milen
Published: June 2024

The importance of sustainable development of the agrosocial system of Ukraine after the war period is considered. Focusing on innovative competitiveness, the forecasting methods necessary to achieve sustainable development in the agrosocial system are identified. It is established that the main goal of the strategy for the development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine is to develop agriculture, which will ensure food security of the country, production of high-quality agricultural products in sufficient volumes to meet the needs of the population and processing industries, and will become a reliable economic base for the socio-economic development of Ukrainian rural areas. It is determined that the post-war recovery of Ukraine directly depends on the restoration and sustainable development of the agrosocial sector, which ensures food security and economic stability through innovative competitiveness. Thus, the sustainable development of the agro-social sector involves a balance between economic growth, social justice and environmental sustainability. It is proved that in the context of Ukraine, this approach requires: economic efficiency (increased productivity and profitability of production); environmental sustainability (conservation of natural resources, reduction of negative impact on the environment); social responsibility (improvement of working and living conditions of the rural population).
Transabdominal ultrasound for the diagnostic workup of parenchymal pancreatic diseases
Authors: Henker Robert , Blank Valentin , Karlas Thomas
Published: June 2024

This continuing medical education article highlights the central role of transcutaneous sonography in diagnosing parenchymal pancreatic diseases. It emphasizes the importance of in-depth knowledge of sonographic imaging of organ anatomy and a structured examination methodology, particularly for identifying acute and chronic pancreatitis and related complications. The article provides detailed guidance for optimized examination techniques and equipment settings, even under challenging conditions, and discusses the application of ultrasound in various scenarios of pancreatic diseases. Moreover, the relevance of advanced sonographic techniques such as high-frequency sonography, elastography, and contrast-enhanced sonography is illuminated in the context of expanded diagnostic workup.
Annulation Reactions of Isoquinolinium Ylides with Sulfamate-Derived Cyclic Imines toward Polycyclic 1,3-Benzoxazepine Heterocycles
Authors: Baidya Mahiuddin , Patra Koushik , Mulani Sana
Published: June 2024

A dearomatization-guided and (3+2) cycloaddition-triggered annulation reaction of in situ formed isoquinolinium ylides with sulfamate-derived cyclic imines is reported, offering a cogent synthesis of tetracyclic 1,3-benzoxazepine frameworks in high yields. The protocol features successive ring-forming and ring-breaking events in a cascade fashion and is also scalable.
Role of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha in Liver Cancer
Authors: Kotulkar Manasi , Paine-Cabrera Diego , Apte Udayan
Published: June 2024

Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and the incidence of HCC is on the rise. Liver cancers in general and HCC in particular do not respond to chemotherapy. Radiological ablation, surgical resection, and liver transplantation are the only medical therapies currently available. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4α) is an orphan nuclear receptor expressed only in hepatocytes in the liver. HNF4α is considered the master regulator of hepatic differentiation because it regulates a significant number of genes involved in various liver-specific functions. In addition to maintaining hepatic differentiation, HNF4α also acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting hepatocyte proliferation by suppressing the expression of promitogenic genes and inhibiting epithelial to mesenchymal transition in hepatocytes. Loss of HNF4α expression and function is associated with rapid progression of chronic liver diseases that ultimately lead to liver cirrhosis and HCC, including metabolism-associated steatohepatitis, alcohol-associated liver disease, and hepatitis virus infection. This review summarizes the role of HNF4α in liver cancer pathogenesis and highlights its potential as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Students’ perception of peer teaching in engineering education: a mixed–method case study
Authors: Dosoftei Constantin Cătălin , Alexa Lidia
Published: June 2024

Background: Engineering education is constantly evolving and adapting to meet the demand for diverse skills and competencies in graduates, in response to the changing global economy and technological advancements. This requires shifting from a traditional content-oriented and professor-focused approach towards a more interactive, student-centered approach in which students actively engage in all process stages. The study’s main objective was to examine the students’ perceptions of peer teaching and better understand the method’s perceived advantages and disadvantages. The research was conducted over two academic years (2021 and 2022) and involved 96 students. The research incorporated quantitative and qualitative data collected through online questionnaires completed by the students at the end of the semester. The results showed a cumulative positive response rate for all close-ended questions of over 60%. The correlation analysis revealed medium positive relationships among the variables, including self-confidence, academic performance, communication and active listening, teamwork, knowledge consolidation, student-teacher benefits, and teaching activity. The thematic analysis of the open-ended questions showed that 87% of the respondents perceived the peer-teaching experience as positive and valuable. The main advantages listed by students were better communication, practicality, increased attention and interaction, and overcoming student-teacher anxiety. The main disadvantage was the perceived lack of structure and experience in coordinating laboratory work. The study results indicate that peer-based instructional methods can lead to more effective dissemination of knowledge among students, as evidenced by the high percentage of respondents who reported improved comprehension through peer-to-peer explanations. At the same time, the efficacy of this approach is contingent upon the instructor’s preparation and support, which facilitates the learning process and enhances the classroom’s social dynamics.
The signal compensation method for the neutron flux in the measurement system using self-powered neutron detector
Authors: Park Heejune , Noh Myounggyu D. , Park Young-Woo
Published: June 2024

Self-powered neutron detectors (SPNDs) have been utilized within in-core instrumentation to measure neutron flux for control and core flux mapping in nuclear reactors. To estimate neutron flux with SPNDs, a mathematical dynamic model correlating neutron flux and SPND material has been established. Estimation and signal compensation for neutron flux have primarily been developed using transfer-function-based methods or state-space-based methods. Particularly for the rhodium SPND, to compensate for its delayed response to incident neutron flux input, both groups of compensation methods have been widely applied. This Review details the signal compensation methods of neutron flux using transfer-function-based methods, such as those employing analog circuits, dynamic modeling of neutron flux, compensation of neutron flux, and direct inversion. In addition, signal compensation and estimation of neutron flux using state-space-based methods, such as the Kalman filter and H-infinity filter, are reviewed, along with basic calculations based on certain assumptions. Since there are differences in the characteristics of the two groups of methods for the same type of SPND, review comments are also included regarding the stability of compensation methods, based on results obtained from calculations using certain assumptions.
Measure for optical robustness of directly bonded glass-to-glass joint using its interaction with damage induced by fs laser
Authors: Zhou Jansen , Zhou Y. Norman , Mayer Michael
Published: June 2024

To produce more powerful compact ultrafast lasers, research aims at improving the quality of bonds between components inside the laser cavity. Increasing bond robustness under optical irradiation helps the bonds to survive the high energy pulses that these lasers are designed to produce. A measure for such robustness is reported here to support work toward improved bonding processes for such lasers. We produced bonds between pairs of optical grade fused silica glass cylinders using a wet direct bonding procedure. We evaluated these bonds using conventional microscopy, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy, without quantifiable results. The bond interface was not discernible through conventional SEM imaging, even after cross sectioning and polishing. The majority of the interface was also undetectable in optical micrographs, except for some limited areas of interfacial disturbance. To obtain quantifiable results for optical robustness, we used an 800 nm femtosecond laser to produce filament-shaped damage from a focal spot moving across the interface. Microscopy of the damage showed its interaction with the interface, the presence of which caused a ≈0.130 to ≈0.230 mm long interruption in the damage line. The exact value depended not only on laser power but also interface quality, and thereby quantified the optical robustness. The reported method proved more sensitive in detecting bonds of fused silica samples compared to other visualization techniques used. Our results suggest a nuanced understanding of bonded glass joints—mechanically sound, yet with limited optical robustness under specific laser conditions.