bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ich ging im Walde so für mich hin, Giftpflanzen zu finden, war nicht mein Sinn.
Authors: Sicker Dieter
Published: October 2021

Reisen Sie gern? Oft hat man dabei unerwartete Erlebnisse, die irgendwie mit Chemie zu tun haben und chemisches Lehrbuchwissen wird ungeahnt erweitert. Es verknüpft sich mit Geschichte und Geschichten, unbekannten Anwendungen, praktischen Handgriffen und dem realen Leben anderer Menschen. Man staunt über etwas, in dem man gar nichts Staunenswertes vermutete. Über solche kleinen Wunder soll diese Serie berichten. Mehr als sonst wollen wir dazu Fotos benutzen. Diesmal streifen wir vorsichtig durch die heimischen Wälder.
Effective Treatment of Chocolate Industry Effluent Using Waste from Biocosmetic Industry
Authors: Bouchareb Raouf , Derbal Kerroum , Yelfouf Assia , Diaf Dounia Ben , Mahfouf Bouchareb Esma , Dizge Nadir
Published: October 2021

The revaluation of industrial wastes has great environmental benefits. Bio‐cosmetic industry has known huge success worldwide and eventually large amounts of wastes are produced. A bio‐cosmetic industrial waste (BCIW) was experimentally evaluated for its efficiency compared to Moringaoleifera seeds powder (MOSP) and aluminum sulfate (alum) coagulants to treat chocolate industry wastewater (CIWW). Confectionery industrial wastewater is commonly defined by high turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids, total volatile solids, and carbohydrates that may cause detrimental environmental pollution if discharged directly. M.oleifera seeds are largely studied by several researchers and alum is widely used in the industrial wastewater treatment due to its performance and low price. However, industrial bio‐cosmetic waste has never been used as a coagulant in previous studies. In this study, the removal of turbidity and COD from CIWW is investigated in relation to coagulant concentration and coagulation pH. It is found that the industrial waste performs better than MOSP and alum in removing turbidity and COD. The results show that BCIW removes more than 99% turbidity and over 87% COD at optimal treatment conditions of coagulant concentration and pH. The findings suggest that the BCIW has the potential to be utilized as a bio‐coagulant for treating CIWW.
Recent Advances on Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecules for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Cheng Jian , Hu Jinming
Published: October 2021

Carbon monoxide (CO) has been known as an endogenous signaling molecule in addition to an air pollutant. It plays a critical role in many physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, CO has been recognized as a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of numerous diseases such as cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, and so on. Instead of direct CO inhalation, two main categories of CO‐releasing molecules (CORMs) (i. e., metal carbonyls and nonmetallic CO donors) have been developed to safely and locally deliver CO to target tissues. In this minireview, we summarize the recent achievements of CORMs on antibacterial applications. It appears that the antibacterial activity of CORMs is different from CO gas, which is tightly correlated to not only the types of CORMs applied but also the tested bacterial strains. In some circumstances, the antibacterial mechanisms are debated and need to be clarified. We hope more attention can be paid to this emerging field and new antibacterial agents with a low risk of drug resistance can be developed.
The cure of leukemia through the optimist's prism
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop M. , Jain Nitin , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Welch Mary Alma , Ravandi Farhad , Wierda William G. , Jabbour Elias J.
Published: October 2021

Progress is occurring at a dizzying rate across all leukemias. Since the authors' review of the topic in Cancer in 2018, numerous discoveries have been made that have improved the therapy and outcomes of several leukemia subsets. Hairy cell leukemia is potentially curable with a single course of cladribine followed by rituximab (10‐year survival, ≥90%). Acute promyelocytic leukemia is curable at a rate of 80% to 90% with a nonchemotherapy regimen of all‐trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide. The cure rate for core‐binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is ≥75% with fludarabine, high‐dose cytarabine, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin. Survival for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia is close to that for an age‐matched normal population with BCR‐ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a previously incurable disease, may now be potentially curable with a finite duration of therapy with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors and venetoclax. The estimated 5‐year survival rate for patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exceeds 70% with intensive chemotherapy and ponatinib, a third‐generation BCR‐ABL1 TKI, and more recent nonchemotherapy regimens using dasatinib or ponatinib with blinatumomab are producing outstanding results. Survival in both younger and older patients with ALL has improved with the addition of antibodies targeting CD20, CD19 (blinatumomab), and CD22 (inotuzumab) to chemotherapy. Several recent drug discoveries (venetoclax, FLT3 and IDH inhibitors, and oral hypomethylating agents) are also improving outcomes for younger and older patients with AML and for those with higher risk myelodysplastic syndrome.
Nighttime compression supports improved self‐management of breast cancer–related lymphedema: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: McNeely Margaret L. , Dolgoy Naomi D. , Rafn Bolette Skjodt , Ghosh Sunita , Ospina Paula A. , Al Onazi Mona M. , Radke Lori , Shular Mara , Kuusk Urve , Webster Marc , Campbell Kristin L. , Mackey John R.
Published: October 2021

Background

Lymphedema is a prevalent long‐term effect of breast cancer treatment associated with reduced quality of life. This study examined the efficacy of nighttime compression as a self‐management strategy for women with chronic breast cancer–related lymphedema.

Methods

Th authors conducted a parallel 3‐arm, multicenter, randomized trial. Women were recruited from 3 centers in Canada and randomized to group 1 (daytime compression garment alone [standard care]), group 2 (daytime compression garment plus nighttime compression bandaging), or group 3 (daytime compression garment plus the use of a nighttime compression system garment). The primary outcome was the change in excess arm volume from the baseline to 12 weeks. Participants from all groups used a nighttime compression system garment from weeks 13 to 24.

Results

One hundred twenty women were enrolled, 118 completed the randomized trial, and 114 completed the 24‐week follow‐up. The rates of adherence to nighttime compression were 95% ± 15% and 96% ± 11% in the compression bandaging and nighttime compression system groups, respectively. After the intervention, the addition of nighttime compression was found to be superior to standard care for both absolute milliliter reductions (P = .006) and percentage reductions (P = .002) in excess arm lymphedema volume. Significant within‐group changes were seen for quality of life across all groups; however, no between‐group differences were found (P > .05).

Conclusions

The trial demonstrated a significant improvement in arm lymphedema volume from the addition of nighttime compression whether through the application of compression bandaging or through the use of a nighttime compression system garment.

Lay Summary

Lymphedema is swelling that occurs in the arm on the side of the surgery for breast cancer.

Lymphedema occurs in approximately 21% of women.

Lymphedema tends to worsen over time and can result in recurrent infections in the arm, functional impairment, and pain.

Currently, treatment consists of intensive treatments to reduce the swelling followed by regular use of a compression sleeve during the day.

This study examined and found a benefit from the addition of nighttime compression (whether through self‐applied compression bandaging or through the use of a nighttime compression system garment) to the use of a daytime compression sleeve.
Oxytocin‐like receptor expression in evolutionarily conserved nodes of a vocal network associated with male courtship in a teleost fish
Authors: Schuppe Eric R. , Zhang Melissa D. , Perelmuter Jonathan T. , Marchaterre Margaret A. , Bass Andrew H.
Published: October 2021

Neuropeptides, including oxytocin‐like peptides, are a conserved group of hormones that regulate a wide range of social behaviors, including vocal communication. In the current study, we evaluate whether putative brain sites for the actions of isotocin (IT), the oxytocin (OT) homolog of teleost fishes are associated with vocal courtship and circuitry in the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus). During the breeding season, nesting males produce advertisement calls known as “hums” to acoustically court females at night and attract them to nests. We first identify IT receptor (ITR) mRNA in evolutionarily conserved regions of the forebrain preoptic area (POA), anterior hypothalamus (AH), and midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), and in two topographically separate populations within the hindbrain vocal pattern generator– duration‐coding vocal prepacemaker (VPP) and amplitude‐coding vocal motor nuclei (VMN) that also innervate vocal muscles. We also verify that ITR expression overlaps known distribution sites of OT‐like immunoreactive fibers. Next, using phosphorylated ribosomal subunit 6 (pS6) as a marker for activated neurons, we demonstrate that ITR‐containing neurons in the anterior parvocellular POA, AH, PAG, VPP, and VMN are activated in humming males. Posterior parvocellular and magno/gigantocellular divisions of the POA remain constitutively active in nonhumming males that are also in a reproductive state. Together with prior studies of midshipman fish and other vertebrates, our findings suggest that IT‐signaling influences male courtship behavior, in part, by acting on brain regions that broadly influence behavioral state (POA) as well as the initiation (POA and PAG) and temporal structure (VPP and VMN) of advertisement hums.
A color channel based on multiple Random Forest coupled with a computer vision technique for the detection and prediction of Sudan dye‐I adulteration in turmeric powder
Authors: Mandal Dipankar , Chatterjee Arpitam , Tudu Bipan
Published: October 2021

Adulterants can cause different health hazards upon prolonged consumption, but it is difficult to detect with human eyes. Non‐destructive turmeric adulteration detection is a challenging research area. The existing adulteration detection processes are largely instrumental and analytical with high accuracy but include limitations like long testing time, expensiveness, and lack of mobility. This work reports a new computer vision framework, which can simultaneously detect the presence of adulteration and predict the possible percentage of adulteration addressing the stated limitations. The scope has been remained to screening of Sudan dye‐I adulteration in turmeric powder. An in‐house database prepared with images of pure and adulterated turmeric powder samples has been used for experimentation. Random Forest algorithm has been employed for both classification and prediction. The model has been validated with standard internal and external validation methods to assess the stability and generalization potential of the model to avoid over‐ and under‐fitting problems. The results of classification show that the presented framework can provide more than 99% accuracy in detection while high correlation coefficient (R2) value in the tune of .99 for prediction. The novelty of the work is its simple histogram‐based color feature extraction, development of ensemble Random Forest prediction model that resulted in high accuracy and development of a faster, non‐invasive, less‐expensive, and validated screening method for adulterated turmeric powder that can be considered as a potential immediate screening method in the supply chain of powdered spices prior to confirmatory testing methods following two‐tiered food fraud testing approach.
Perception of indexical cues in speech by children and adults with and without dyslexia: Regional dialect and gender identification
Authors: Jacewicz Ewa , Arzbecker Lian J. , Fox Robert Allen
Published: October 2021

Auditory research in developmental dyslexia proposes that deficient auditory processing of speech underlies difficulties with reading and spelling. Focusing predominantly on phonological processing, studies have not yet addressed the role of the speaker‐related (indexical) properties of speech that enable the formation of phonological representations. Here, we assess auditory processing of indexical characteristics cueing a speaker's regional dialect and gender to determine whether dyslexia constraints recognition of dialect features and voice gender. Adults and children aged 11–14 years with dyslexia and their age‐matched controls responded to 360 unique sentences extracted from spontaneous conversations of 40 speakers. In addition to the original unprocessed speech, there were two focused filtered conditions (using lowpass filtering at 400 Hz and 8‐channel noise vocoding) probing listeners' responses to segmental and prosodic cues. Compared with controls, both groups with dyslexia were significantly limited in their abilities to recognize dialect features from either set of cues. The results for gender suggest that their comparatively worse gender recognition in the noise‐vocoded condition was possibly related to poor temporal resolution. We propose that the deficient processing of indexical cues by individuals with dyslexia originates in peripheral auditory processes, of which impaired processing of relevant temporal cues in amplitude envelope is a likely candidate.
How many replicates to accurately estimate fish biodiversity using environmental DNA on coral reefs?
Authors: Stauffer Salomé , Jucker Meret , Keggin Thomas , Marques Virginie , Andrello Marco , Bessudo Sandra , Cheutin Marie‐Charlotte , Borrero‐Pérez Giomar Helena , Richards Eilísh , Dejean Tony , Hocdé Régis , Juhel Jean‐Baptiste , Ladino Felipe , Letessier Tom B. , Loiseau Nicolas , Maire Eva , Mouillot David , Mutis Martinezguerra Maria , Manel Stéphanie , Polanco Fernández Andrea , Valentini Alice , Velez Laure , Albouy Camille , Pellissier Loïc , Waldock Conor
Published: October 2021

Quantifying fish species diversity in rich tropical marine environments remains challenging. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a promising tool to face this challenge through the filtering, amplification, and sequencing of DNA traces from water samples. However, because eDNA concentration is low in marine environments, the reliability of eDNA to detect species diversity can be limited. Using an eDNA metabarcoding approach to identify fish Molecular Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) with a single 12S marker, we aimed to assess how the number of sampling replicates and filtered water volume affect biodiversity estimates. We used a paired sampling design of 30 L per replicate on 68 reef transects from 8 sites in 3 tropical regions. We quantified local and regional sampling variability by comparing MOTU richness, compositional turnover, and compositional nestedness. We found strong turnover of MOTUs between replicated pairs of samples undertaken in the same location, time, and conditions. Paired samples contained non‐overlapping assemblages rather than subsets of one another. As a result, non‐saturated localized diversity accumulation curves suggest that even 6 replicates (180 L) in the same location can underestimate local diversity (for an area <1 km). However, sampling regional diversity using ~25 replicates in variable locations (often covering 10 s of km) often saturated biodiversity accumulation curves. Our results demonstrate variability of diversity estimates possibly arising from heterogeneous distribution of eDNA in seawater, highly skewed frequencies of eDNA traces per MOTU, in addition to variability in eDNA processing. This high compositional variability has consequences for using eDNA to monitor temporal and spatial biodiversity changes in local assemblages. Avoiding false‐negative detections in future biomonitoring efforts requires increasing replicates or sampled water volume to better inform management of marine biodiversity using eDNA.
Habitat size influences community stability
Authors: Greig Hamish S. , McHugh Peter A. , Thompson Ross M. , Warburton Helen J. , McIntosh Angus R.
Published: October 2021

Mechanisms linked to demographic, biogeographic, and food‐web processes thought to underpin community stability could be affected by habitat size, but the effects of habitat size on community stability remain relatively unknown. We investigated whether those habitat‐size‐dependent properties influenced community instability and vulnerability to perturbations caused by disturbance. This is particularly important given that human exploitation is contracting ecosystems, and abiotic perturbations are becoming more severe and frequent. We used a perturbation experiment in which 10 streams, spanning three orders of magnitude in habitat size, were subjected to simulated bed movement akin to a major flood disturbance event. We measured the resistance, resilience, and variability of basal resources, and population and community‐level responses across the stream habitat‐size gradient immediately before, and at 0.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 d post‐disturbance. Resistance to disturbance consistently increased with stream size in all response variables. In contrast, resilience was significantly higher in smaller streams for some response variables. However, this higher resilience of small ecosystems was insufficient to compensate for their lower resistance, and communities of smaller streams were thus more variable over time than those of larger streams. Compensatory dynamics of populations, especially for predators, stabilized some aspects of communities, but these mechanisms were unrelated to habitat size. Together, our results provide compelling evidence for the links between habitat size and community stability, and should motivate ecologists and managers to consider how changes in the size of habitats will alter the vulnerability of ecosystems to perturbations caused by environmental disturbance.
Risk factors for left ventricular dysfunction in adulthood: role of low birth weight
Authors: Huynh Quan L. , Venn Alison J. , Magnussen Costan G. , Yang Hong , Dwyer Terence , Marwick Thomas H.
Published: October 2021

Aims

This study aimed to determine the relationship of low birth weight (LBW) with adult cardiac structure and function and investigate potential causal pathways.

Methods and results

A population‐based sample of 925 Australians (41.3% male) were followed from childhood (aged 7–15 years) to young adulthood (aged 26–36 years) and mid‐adulthood (aged 36–50 years). Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS, %), LV mass index (LVMi, g/m2.7), LV filling pressure (E/e′), and left atrial volume index (g/m2) were measured by transthoracic echocardiography in mid‐adulthood. Birth weight category was self‐reported in young adulthood and classified as low (≤5 lb or ≤2270 g), normal (5–8 lb or 2271–3630 g), and high (>8 lb or >3630 g). Of the 925 participants, 7.5% (n = 69) were classified as LBW. Compared with participants with normal birth weight, those with LBW had 2.01‐fold (95% confidence interval: 1.19, 3.41, P = 0.009) higher risks of impaired GLS (GLS > −18%) and 2.63‐fold (95% confidence interval: 0.89, 7.81, P = 0.08) higher risks of LV hypertrophy (LVMi > 48 g/m2.7 in men or >44 g/m2.7 in women) in adulthood, independent of age, sex, and any socio‐economic factors. Participants with LBW significantly increased body fat from childhood to adulthood relative to their peers and had greater levels of triglycerides, fasting glucose, and arterial stiffness in adulthood. These risk factors were the strongest mediators and explained 54% of the LBW effect size on adult GLS and 33% of the LBW effect size on LVMi. The remaining of these associations was independent of any of the measured risk factors.

Conclusions

Low birth weight was associated with impaired cardiac structure and function in mid‐adulthood. This association was only partially explained by known risk factors.
Low‐cost polymer‐film spiral inertial microfluidic device for label‐free separation of malignant tumor cells
Authors: Wang Cailian , Chen Yan , Gu Xuyu , Zhang Xiuxiu , Gao Chanchan , Dong Lijun , Zheng Shiya , Feng Shicheng , Xiang Nan
Published: October 2021

We developed a low‐cost polymer‐film spiral inertial microfluidic device for the effective size‐dependent separation of malignant tumor cells. The device was fabricated in polymer films by rapid laser cutting and chemical bonding. After fabricating the prototype device, the separation performance of our device was evaluated using particles and cells. The effects of operational flow rate, cell diameter, and cell concentration on the separation performance were explored. Our device successfully separated tumor cells from polydisperse white blood cells according to their different migration modes and lateral positions. Then, the separation of rare cells was carried out using the high‐concentration lysed blood spiked with 200 tumor cells. Experimental results showed that 83.90% of the tumor cells could be recovered, while 99.87% of white blood cells could be removed. We successfully employed our device for processing clinical pleural effusion samples from patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer. Malignant tumor cells with an average purity of 2.37% could be effectively enriched, improving downstream diagnostic accuracy. Our device offers the advantages of label‐free operation, low cost, and fast fabrication, thus being a potential tool for effective cell separation.
Federal Eminent Domain Power Prevails Over State Sovereign Immunity in Newest Supreme Court Case
Authors: Sabino Anthony Michael
Published: October 2021

Building energy‐related infrastructure, assuring reliable sources of energy generation, and protecting the environment are not novel concerns. Since the Founding of the Republic, the federal government has not hesitated to exercise the power of eminent domain to address infrastructure priorities. Nor has the national sovereign done so singlehandedly; often times it has delegated its authority to private actors, who proceed under the federal government's aegis in acquiring both private property and state‐owned lands.
The Future of Natural Gas in California
Authors: Smead Richard G.
Published: October 2021

California has been known for decades as being one of the most environmentally progressive states in the country. Its fuel efficiency standards for cars ultimately led to tighter federal corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards. California's embrace of natural gas to phase out coal power plants started well before such federal efforts. And now, the state has aggressive renewables targets that are making progress toward a low‐carbon energy economy. Of course, in many circles around the US one only need say “California” and the room dissolves in laughter. Budget crises, high taxes, wildfires followed by mudslides and strange election processes all lead to many people scoffing at the state. However, it is the fifth largest economy in the world. On the whole, California's energy practices and policies have yielded many successes that have caught on worldwide.
What are the current and projected future cost and health‐related quality of life implications of scaling up cognitive stimulation therapy?
Authors: Knapp Martin , Bauer Annette , Wittenberg Raphael , Comas‐Herrera Adelina , Cyhlarova Eva , Hu Bo , Jagger Carol , Kingston Andrew , Patel Anita , Spector Aimee , Wessel Audrey , Wong Gloria
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) is one of the few non‐pharmacological interventions for people living with dementia shown to be effective and cost‐effective. What are the current and future cost and health‐related quality of life implications of scaling‐up CST to eligible new cases of dementia in England?

Methods/design

Data from trials were combined with microsimulation and macrosimulation modelling to project future prevalence, needs and costs. Health and social costs, unpaid care costs and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were compared with and without scaling‐up of CST and follow‐on maintenance CST (MCST).

Results

Scaling‐up group CST requires year‐on‐year increases in expenditure (mainly on staff), but these would be partially offset by reductions in health and care costs. Unpaid care costs would increase. Scaling‐up MCST would also require additional expenditure, but without generating savings elsewhere. There would be improvements in general cognitive functioning and health‐related quality of life, summarised in terms of QALY gains. Cost per QALY for CST alone would increase from £12,596 in 2015 to £19,573 by 2040, which is below the threshold for cost‐effectiveness used by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Cost per QALY for CST and MCST combined would grow from £19,883 in 2015 to £30,906 by 2040, making it less likely to be recommended by NICE on cost‐effectiveness grounds.

Conclusions

Scaling‐up CST England for people with incident dementia can improve lives in an affordable, cost‐effective manner. Adding MCST also improves health‐related quality of life, but the economic evidence is less compelling.
Functional transcranial Doppler: Selection of methods for statistical analysis and representation of changes in flow velocity
Authors: Egger Stephan T. , Bobes Julio , Seifritz Erich , Vetter Stefan , Schuepbach Daniel
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a method used to study cerebral hemodynamics. In the majority of TCD studies, regression analysis and analysis of variance are the most frequently applied statistical methods. However, due to the dynamic and interdependent nature of flow velocity, nonparametric tests may allow for better statistical analysis and representation of results.

Method

The sample comprised 30 healthy participants, aged 33.87 ± 7.48 years; with 33% (n = 10) females. During a visuo‐motor task, the mean flow velocity (MFV) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was measured using TCD. The MFV was converted to values relative to the resting state. The results obtained were analyzed using the general linear model (GLM) and the general additional model (GAM). The fit indices of both analysis methods were compared with each other.

Results

Both MCAs showed a steady increase in MFV during the visuo‐motor task, smoothly returning to resting state values. During the first 20 seconds of the visuo‐motor task, the MFV increased by a factor of 1.06 ± 0.07 in the right‐MCA and by a factor of 1.08 ± 0.07 in the left‐MCA. GLM and GAM showed a statistically significant change in MFV (GLM:F(2, 3598) = 16.76, P < .001; GAM:F(2, 3598) = 21.63, P < .001); together with effects of hemispheric side and gender (GLM:F(4, 3596) = 7.83, P < .005; GAM:F(4, 3596) = 2.13, P = .001). Comparing the models using the χ2 test for goodness of fit yields a significant difference χ2 (9.9556) = 0.6836, P < .001.

Conclusions

Both the GLM and GAM yielded valid statistical models of MFV in the MCA in healthy subjects. However, the model using the GAM resulted in improved fit indices. The GAM's advantage becomes even clearer when the MFV curves are visualized; yielding a more realistic approach to brain hemodynamics, thus allowing for an improvement in the interpretation of the mathematical and statistical results. Our results demonstrate the utility of the GAM for the analysis and representation of hemodynamic parameters.
Convergence of emerging technologies: Development of a risk-based paradigm for marine mammal monitoring for offshore wind energy operations
Authors: Macrander A. Michael , Brzuzy Louis , Raghukumar Kaustubha , Preziosi Damian , Jones Craig
Published: October 2021

The ability to gather real-time and near real-time data on marine mammal distribution, movement, and habitat use has advanced significantly over the past two decades. These advances have outpaced their adoption into a meaningful, risk-based assessment framework so critically needed to support society's growing demands for a transition to increased reliance on renewable energy. Marine acoustics have the capacity to detect, identify, and locate vocalizations over broad areas. Photogrammetric and image processing increases the ability to visually detect animals from surface or aerial platforms. Ecological models based on long-term observational data coupled with static and remotely sensed oceanographic data are able to predict daily and seasonal habitat suitability. Extensive monitoring around anthropogenic activities, combined with controlled experiments of exposure parameters (i.e., sound), supports better informed decisions on reducing effects. Population models and potential consequence modeling provide the ability to estimate the significance of individual and population exposure. The collective capacities of these emerging technical approaches support a risk ranking and risk management approach to monitoring and mitigating effects on marine mammals related to development activities. The monitoring paradigm related to many offshore energy-related activities, however, has long been spatially limited, situationally myopic, and operationally uncertain. A case evaluation process is used to define and demonstrate the changing paradigm of effective monitoring aimed at protecting living resources and concurrently providing increased certainty that essential activities can proceed efficiently. Recent advances in both technologies and operational approaches are examined to delineate a risk-based paradigm, driven by a diversity of regional data inputs, that is capable of meeting the imperative for timely development of offshore wind energy. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:939–949. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

KEY POINTS

This paper makes the case that the national policy and mandate for development of offshore wind resources can be facilitated by the updating of marine mammal monitoring approaches through the incorporation of emerging technologies and a regional risk-based approach. There are currently a number of existing and developing efforts to collect information on marine mammals in the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf that can be updated and incorporate into a regional monitoring effort through collaboration and integration. The regulatory construct is adaptable to a regional risk-based approach, the implementation of which would require acceptance by regulators and stakeholders and relief for project proponents.
When a Man Loves a Woman: Experiences of Male Partners in Relationships With Addicted Women
Authors: Sperandio Katharine R. , Gressard Charles F. , Gutierrez Daniel
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences of non‐substance‐abusing male partners who are in romantic relationships with addicted women. The following themes evolved from the study: relationship vulnerability, course of relationship, others involved, and general outcomes.
Dehydrated human amniotic membrane regulates tenocyte expression and angiogenesis in vitro: Implications for a therapeutic treatment of tendinopathy
Authors: Moreno Sarah E. , Massee Michelle , Koob Thomas J.
Published: October 2021

Tendon injuries are among the most common ailments of the musculoskeletal system. Prolonged inflammation and persistent vasculature are common complications associated with poor healing. Damaged tendon, replaced with scar tissue, never completely regains the native structural or biomechanical properties. This study evaluated the effects of micronized dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (μdHACM) on the inflammatory environment and hypervascularity associated with tendinopathy. Stimulation of human tenocytes with interleukin‐1 beta (IL1β) induced the expression of inflammatory and catabolic markers, resulting in secretion of active MMPs and type 3 collagen that is associated with a degenerative phenotype. Treatment with μdHACM diminished the effects of IL1β, reducing the expression of inflammatory genes, proteases, and extracellular matrix components, and decreasing the presence of active MMP and type 3 collagen. Additionally, a co‐culture model was developed to evaluate the effects of μdHACM on angiogenesis associated with tendinopathy. Micronized dHACM differentially regulated angiogenesis depending upon the cellular environment in which it was placed. This phenomenon can be explained in part through the detection of both angiogenic protagonists and antagonists in μdHACM. Observations from this study identify a mechanism by which μdHACM regulates inflammatory processes and angiogenesis in vitro, two key pathways implicated in tendinopathic injuries.
A simple mechanistic explanation for Barth syndrome and cardiolipin remodeling
Authors: Xu Yang , Phoon Colin K. L. , Ren Mindong , Schlame Michael
Published: October 2021

Barth syndrome is a multisystem disorder caused by an abnormal metabolism of the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin. In this review, we discuss physical properties, biosynthesis, membrane assembly, and function of cardiolipin. We hypothesize that cardiolipin reduces packing stress in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which arises as a result of protein crowding. According to this hypothesis, patients with Barth syndrome are unable to meet peak energy demands because they fail to concentrate the proteins of oxidative phosphorylation to a high surface density in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Exploration of alcohol‐enhanced Cu‐mediated radiofluorination toward practical labeling
Authors: Zhou Dong , Chu Wenhua , Katzenellenbogen John A.
Published: October 2021

Copper‐mediated nucleophilic radiofluorination using boronic precursors is a promising, general method to label aromatic compounds with [18F]fluoride. However, in various reports, large amounts of precursor (60 μmol) were needed to achieve high radiochemical conversions (RCCs), which is neither ideal nor practical for the preparation of 18F radiopharmaceuticals. To investigate this matter, we studied alcohol‐enhanced Cu‐mediated nucleophilic radiofluorination using a variety of model reactions in which we varied the concentration of [18F]fluoride (no carrier added or isotope diluted) and the amount of precursor, base, and Cu(OTF)2(Py)4. We found that lower amounts of precursors (e.g., 15 μmol) could be used and that the amount of base (e.g., K2CO3 or KHCO3) played a critical and limiting role in the labeling reactions. Greater than one‐equivalent of base and sufficient amounts of precursors and Cu(OTf)2(Py)4 were required to achieve good to high RCCs. The RCCs were also dependent on the overall concentration of the labeling reactions, with low reaction volumes and high concentrations of reagents being preferred. Our findings will help to improve the design of radiolabeling protocols using alcohol‐enhanced copper‐mediated radiofluorination of boronic precursors for the preparation of 18F labeled radiopharmaceuticals and other radiohalogen‐labeled compounds.
Navigating Intercultural Relational Dynamics: The Roles of Attachment and Cultural Values
Authors: Paradis Grace , Maffini Cara S.
Published: October 2021

This study explored attachment and cultural values in relation to conflict management and relationship satisfaction in intercultural relationships. Results indicate that secure attachment is related to greater relationship satisfaction and healthier conflict management. Cultural values of family solidarity, adherence to traditions and customs, and equality are associated with greater relationship satisfaction. When levels of adherence to traditional gender roles are low or moderate, secure attachment is positively related to relationship satisfaction and lower conflict avoidance.

Este estudio exploró los valores culturales y de apego respecto a la gestión de conflictos y la satisfacción con la relación en parejas interculturales. Los resultados indican que el apego seguro está relacionado con una mayor satisfacción con la relación y una gestión de conflictos más saludable. Los valores culturales de solidaridad familiar, observancia de tradiciones y costumbres, e igualdad están asociados con una mayor satisfacción con la relación. Cuando los niveles de conformidad con los roles de género tradicionales son bajos o moderados, el apego seguro está relacionado de forma positiva con la satisfacción con la relación y una menor evasión de conflictos.
A Phenomenological Approach to Understanding Sexual Minority College Students in South Korea
Authors: Choi Kyoung Mi , Oh Insoo
Published: October 2021

We used a phenomenological approach to explore 12 sexual minority Korean college students’ coming out experiences. Emergent themes from in‐depth interviews included (a) expression of universal needs, (b) awareness of sociocultural violence, (c) coping strategies, and (d) cocreating an inclusive culture. These four themes characterize interactions of sociocultural factors, such as gender norms, sexual prejudice, and education with sexual identity development. Findings provide an understanding of the importance of developing effective and empowering strategies for counseling.

Doce estudiantes universitarios de minorías sexuales fueron entrevistados en Corea. El análisis de los datos indicó que cuatro temas caracterizan la complejidad de las interacciones de factores socioculturales, como las normas de género, la socialización, la cultura y los prejuicios religiosos o sexuales con el desarrollo de la identidad sexual de los estudiantes universitarios. Los temas incluyeron (a) la expresión de las necesidades universales, (b) estar consciente de la violencia sociocultural, (c) las estrategias de afrontamiento y (d) la cocreación de una cultura inclusiva. Los resultados proporcionan una comprensión de la importancia de desarrollar estrategias efectivas, de empoderamiento e interconexión para la autoconexión y la sociedad coreana.
Identification of DNA methylation by novel optical genosensing: A new platform in epigenetic study using biomedical analysis
Authors: Adampourezare Mina , Dehghan Gholamreza , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Feizi Mohammad‐Ali Hosseinpoure
Published: October 2021

Due to the important role of methylation in cancer, the use of sensitive analytical methods for early diagnosis and efficient clinical pharmacotherapy is highly demanded. In this study, an innovative label‐free method has been developed for the recognition of methylated DNA in the promoter area of adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC gene). Also, differentiation of unmethylated DNA (GCGGAGTGCGGGTCGGGAAGCGGA) from methylated cDNA (GC(M)GGAGTGC(M)GGGTC(M)GGGAAGC(M)GGA) was performed using optical synthesized probe (thionine‐based polymer). Hybridization of pDNA (TCCGCTTCCCGACCCGCACTCCGC) with various types of cDNA sequences was studied by UV‐visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Also, some of the mismatch sequences {(GC(M)GGAGTAC(M)GGGTC(M)GGGAAGC(M)GGA) and (GCGGAGTACGGGTCGGGAAGCGGA)} were applied as negative control. For this purpose, The synthesized optical probe was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV‐Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Under optimal conditions, the analytical performance of engineered DNA‐based assay was studied and exhibited excellent dynamic range (1 zM to 3 pM) with low limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 1 zM. The designed DNA‐based assay showed a high capability of discriminating methylation, unmethylated and mismatched sequences. The engineered genosensor is simple and inexpensive and can detect DNA methylation with high sensitivity. Therefore, the designed geno‐assay could detect DNA methylation significantly and discriminate from unmethylated DNA. It is expected that the proposed geno‐assay could be used for the detection of DNA methylation, genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and early stage diagnosis of various cancer toward efficient clinical pharmacotherapy.
Key concepts in medication management in older persons for pharmacists practicing in non‐geriatric specialties
Authors: Godbole Gauri , Bolitho Richard , Pont Lisa
Published: October 2021

Medication management for older persons can be complex. With over 50% of all hospital admissions being for people aged over 65 years, understanding age‐related functional, cognitive and social factor changes and their impact on medication use is critical for pharmacists working in most adult medicine areas. This paper provides an overview of critical elements of medication management for older persons for pharmacists. Key elements include age‐related changes impacting medication effectiveness and safety, frailty, geriatric syndromes, polypharmacy and deprescribing, minimising medication‐related harm at transitions of care, dose administration aids and other strategies to support individuals in medication management and multidisciplinary comprehensive geriatric assessment.
Toxicity assessment and detection of benzene extracted from wastewater by saponin biosurfactant using luminescence biosensor
Authors: Hajimohammadi Reza , Johari‐Ahar Mohammad , Asbaghian Namin Seyyed Hosein
Published: October 2021

In this research, benzene, a toxic compound encountered in industrial wastewater, was extracted using a mixture of saponin and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as anionic surfactants. Also, a biosensor system for assessment of toxicity and detection of extracted benzene was designed using the Luc strains of luminescent Escherichia coli. Results showed saponin and SDS were synergistic for the extraction of benzene. An optimal hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value for extraction was determined to be about 24.1, representing a mixture of 40 wt% SDS and 60% saponin. Under optimal conditions, the concentration of extracted benzene in extraction phase reached 27 ppm. When extracted benzene solution was injected into the biosensor system, the luminescence level of biosensor decreased dramatically, reflecting toxicity. The concentration of benzene in the extracted solution correlated well with toxicity levels measured by the biosensor system. Using the luminescence biosensor system, the half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of benzene was about 26.2 ppm. Our results demonstrate that the designed biosensor system has good sensitivity for toxicity assessment of extracted benzene, and therefore can be proposed as an approach to detect of benzene and other toxic compounds in wastewater.
Stability and bioavailability of protein matrix‐encapsulated astaxanthin ester microcapsules
Authors: Yang Lu , Li Fei , Cao Xinyu , Qiao Xing , Xue Changhu , Xu Jie
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Astaxanthin ester derived from Haematococcus pluvialis is often used as a functional and nutritional ingredient in foods. However, its utilization is currently limited as a result of its chemical instability and low bioavailability. Food matrix microcapsules are becoming increasingly popular because of their safety and high encapsulation efficiency. In the present study, the effect of protein matrixes on the properties of microcapsules was evaluated.

RESULTS

We investigated the effects of storage on astaxanthin ester microcapsules and the corresponding rehydration solution at 40 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere, as well as in darkness. The results showed that the stability of products prepared based on whey protein (WP) and corn‐gluten was superior to that of products prepared based on lactoferrin, soy protein and sodium caseinate. The bioavailability of astaxanthin ester microcapsules encapsulated with different proteins and examined by means of astaxanthin concentrations in the serum and liver after oral administration was compared. All five protein wall materials could significantly improve the bioavailability of astaxanthin ester. The microcapsules prepared based on WP had the highest bioavailability, with a value of 10.69 ± 0.75 μg·h mL−1, which was 3.15 times higher compared to that of the control group.

CONCLUSION

The results of the present study showed that protein encapsulation, especially WP encapsulation, could effectively improve the stability, water solubility and bioavailability of astaxanthin esters. Thus, WP can be used as the main wall material in delivery systems. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Parathyroid Gland Autofluorescence Characteristics in Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Law Richard H. , Larrabee Katherine A. , Van Harn Meredith , Singer Michael C.
Published: October 2021

Objective

Near‐infrared imaging for intraoperative parathyroid gland (PG) detection has recently commanded significant attention. The PTeye (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) is a probe‐based system for near‐infrared autofluorescent evaluation of PGs. This study was designed to evaluate the capabilities of the PTeye in the setting of surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Study Design

Prospective, Cohort study.

Methods

This single‐institution, prospective cohort study included all patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism with presumed single gland disease from June 2020 to December 2020. Absolute intensity and intensity ratios, with the thyroid as the control tissue, were obtained for the adenoma, ipsilateral normal PG, and adjacent tissue. The ability of the PTeye to function when not in direct contact with tissue was measured.

Results

Twenty‐two patients were included. The median intensity ratio for the in situ adenomas was 4.38 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.03–5.87), ipsilateral normal PGs 6.17 (IQR: 3.83–7.67), strap muscle 0.47 (IQR: 0.30–0.60), and fat 0.20 (IQR: 0.17–0.47). All normal PGs and 21/22 adenomas demonstrated autofluorescence above the detection threshold. The PTeye functioned at a maximum distance of separation of 10 mm through saline medium and 6 mm through clear solid medium.

Conclusion

This study confirms the PTeye's ability to recognize PGs with a high degree of precision. The device was found to function properly even with the probe not in direct contact with the tissue. Although adenomatous PGs appear to demonstrate altered autofluorescent properties from normal PGs, additional research is required to determine if these differences are clinically useful.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 132:715–721, 2022
Synergistic Effects of Polybenzimidazole and Aramide on Enhancing Flame‐Retardancy and Solubility
Authors: Nag Aniruddha , Ali Mohammed Asif , Zhou Jiabei , Ogawa Makoto , Kaneko Tatsuo
Published: October 2021

Aromatic and functional polymers with processibility derived from biobased starting materials are prerequisite considering sustainable society. Poly(2,5‐benzimidazole)s are rigid‐rod polymers to show ultrahigh thermal stability such as flame retardance, while usually suffer from poor solubility. Here, poly(benzimidazole‐co‐amide)s are synthesized from two biobased monomers, 3,4‐diaminobenzoic acid and a semirigid comonomer, 4‐aminohydrocinnamic acid. The copolymers with an amide composition of 80 mol% and higher are soluble in widely used polar solvents to fabricate the films keeping high flame retardance, which is comparable with popular high‐performance polymers such as aromatic polyimides, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, etc.