bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Improved Algorithm Based on Retinex Theory for X-Ray Medical Image
Authors: Wang Wen Bo , Zhou Li Juan , Fei Li
Published: September 2013

Retinex theory combined the elements of images and visual.This paper improved the Retinex-based medical image enhancement method, It can get better brightness by using the neural network logarithmic The S-shaped LogSig transfer function instead of the original MSR logarithm function. Based on this, the paper presents a composite LRA (LogSig Retinex Algorithm) algorithm, and analysed the shortcomings of the original Retinex algorithm applied to the X-ray medical image analysis, described the advantage of the composite LRA algorithm is better than traditional Retinex algorithm on the X-ray medical image. Experimental results show that the improved Retinex algorithm can achieve not only low-contrast medical image enhancement, but also the dynamic range compression of the image, can significantly improve the information of the medical image of the dark area. It has practical significance for clinical diagnosis.
The Kinetic Model Including Singlet Oxygen and Ozone in Hydrogen-Air Mixture
Authors: Chang Yan Nan , Wang Chang Hui , Cheng Tong Guang
Published: September 2013

To analysize the influence of singlet oxygen O2(a1Δg) and ozone O3 on the hydrogen-air combustion system, a kinetic model must be defined. By simulating the ignition delay time, flame speed, flame temperature and the component changes of Starik model, GRI3.0 model, Konnov model and Mueller model using the software Chemkin4.1 and comparing the results with the experimental data, the Starik model is chosen as the basis of the study. Then singlet oxygen O2(a1Δg) and ozone O3 is added in the basic model to form a new mechanism. The presence of singlet oxygen O2(a1Δg) and ozone O3 is demonstrated to result in noticeable enhancement on flame propagation.
Research of Synthesis and Heat Resistance on Lactic Acid-Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer
Authors: Shang Jian Jiang , Jiang Li Na , Li De Qiang , Zhu Xiao Yan
Published: September 2013

The polymerization process and heat resistance of lactic acid-styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer was studied. Lactic acid-polystyrene-maleic anhydride copolymer was prepared with styrene, maleic anhydride and lactic acid by melt copolymerization. Its structure was characterized by Infrared Spectrum (IR), and the thermal properties were tested by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA). The paper research on the effect of the proportion of different monomer and the polymerization process on the heat resistance mainly. The optimum conditions for the synthesis were determined by means of experiment: the content of catalyst was 0.5(wt%), the ratio of styrene-maleic anhydride and lactic was 0.6g/10g, at 170 °C. for 5 h. The results showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymer increased by 26.0°C.and the 5% weight-loss temperature of it increased by 25.0°C compared with pure polylactic acid.
Degradation Kinetics of Coconut Chaff in Subcritical Water
Authors: Xu Fang Lian , Bai Xin Peng , Li Lin Jin , Jia Yan Yong
Published: September 2013

Using the Coconut chaff bran of grain size of 40 mesh as raw material, we carried out the subcritical hydrolysis experiment in 0-60 min, the reaction liquid ratio is 1:30. We establish its dynamic model by the experimental data fits subcritical hydrolysis reaction kinetic parameters. The study show that degradation temperature is the most significant factor which influences the degradation of the target product. The initial degradation activation energy of Coconut chaffEa1 is 68.35 KJ/mol and reducing sugar degradation activation energy Ea2is 83.27KJ/mol. And the pre-exponential factorK10 is 3.16×108h-1 , K20 is 5.56×109h-1.
Static Stress Distribution in Microvessel Wall with a Layered Model
Authors: Gao Fa Rong , Xi Xu Gang , Gao Yun Yuan , Zhang Qi Zhong
Published: September 2013

Based on the vascular membrane stress model and the pseudo-elastic vessel model, the combination constitutive model with a layered structure in microvessel is presented in this paper. By using obtained constitutive equations of the current model, the circumferential stress of the membrane intimal (inner) layer and the three-dimensional stress distribution of the structural outer layer are analyzed. Under the initial blood pressure state, the vascular static stress changes with the inner stiffness increase are also discussed. The results show that with inner stiffness increasing, the stress of outer layer is less affected but the circumferential stress of the intimal layer is increased significantly, which may be one potential risk factor for the vascular injury. These analysis methods and its conclusions have some theoretical significance for studying the problems of arteriosclerosis and other diseases, and preventing the occurrence of related diseases.
The Requirements of Structure and Properties of Palm Fiber Mattress
Authors: Cai Chen Yang , Wu Zhi Hui , Liu Xin , Li Yu Qian
Published: September 2013

Since the palm fiber mattress which made of natural palm fiber and rubber is environmental friendly and has comfortable elasticity, this kind of mattress is very popular between consumers. This paper introduces the material, structure and morphology of the palm fiber layer through observation, analysis, experiment, and summarizes. The keys to improve related properties are screening of palm fiber, the density and moisture content of palm fiber layer, the content ratio of palm fiber and rubber and the artificial selection during stacking process.
Study of a Novel High-Strength Antibacterial Dental GIC Restorative
Authors: Xie Dong , Weng Yi Ming , Howard Leah
Published: September 2013

We have developed a novel high-strength antibacterial dental glass-ionomer cement (GIC). The functional quaternary ammonium salt (QAS)-constructed polymer (PQAS) was synthesized, characterized and formulated into the experimental high-strength cements. Compressive strength (CS) and S. mutans viability were used to evaluate the mechanical strength and antibacterial activity of the formed cements. Fuji II LC cement was used as control. The specimens were conditioned in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h prior to testing. All the PQAS-containing cements showed a significant antibacterial activity, accompanying with an initial CS reduction. Increasing chain length, loading, grafting ratio significantly enhanced antibacterial activity but reduced the initial CS. Under the same substitute chain length, the cements containing QAS bromide were found to be more antibacterial than those containing QAS chloride although the CS values of the cements were not statistically different from each other, suggesting that we can use QAS bromide directly without converting bromide to chloride. The experimental cement showed less CS reduction and higher antibacterial activity than Fuji II LC. The long-term aging study suggests that the cements may have a long-lasting antibacterial function.
The Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction and the Synthesis of Mixed Alcohols over K/Cu-Zn Catalyst from CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Li Shang Gui , Guo Hai Jun , Zhang Hai Rong , Luo Jun , Xiong Lian , Luo Cai Rong , Chen Xin De
Published: September 2013

The K/Cu-Zn catalyst has been synthesized by the co-precipitation method coupling with impregnation method and the catalytic performances for the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction and mixed alcohols synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation have been investigated. The catalytic activity and product distribution depend strongly on reaction temperature, pressure, space velocity and the molar ratio of H2/CO2. These results indicated that the optimal conditions for CO2 hydrogenation over K/Cu-Zn catalyst were as follows: 350 K, 6.0 MPa, 5000 h-1 and H2/CO2 = 3.0, under which the selectivity of CO and mixed alcohols reach 84.27 wt% and 7.56 wt%, respectively. The outstanding performances for RWGS reaction and mixed alcohols synthesis of K/Cu-Zn catalyst can be due to the well dispersion of Cu active component.
Anti-Oxidation Stability and its Mechanism of Rapeseed Biodiesel
Authors: Wu Jiang , Chen Bo Shui , Fang Jian Hua , Wang Jiu
Published: September 2013

The anti-oxidation stability of rapeseed biodiesel (RME) was evaluated on an oxidation simulator set up by the author. The results showed that oxidative stability of RME was worse than that of petrodiesel by exhibiting higher acid values and peroxide values, as well as greater viscosity increases after oxidation. Furthermore, a conjecture was taken about the configurational changes and the oxidation mechanisms of unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester molecules in the oxidation process, according to the principles of free radical reactions and the results of both infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopic analysis. An idea was put forward that, during oxidation, cis-trans isomerization might occur in unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester molecules and conjugated double-bond might produce due to transfer of double-bond.
Modeling of Oligomerization of C9 Fraction of Petrol Pyrolysis
Authors: Lyapkov A.A. , Ionova E.I. , Bondaletov V.G. , Pestryakov A.N.
Published: September 2013

Process of terpolymerization of basic unsaturated components of liquid products of pyrolysis of straight-run gasoline in toluene solution has been studied as model of oligomerization of C9 fraction under the action of catalytic system TiCl4Al (C2H5)2Cl. Relative reactivity of styrene, indene and dicyclopentadiene (80-85 % from total amount of monomers) was established. On the basis of data of adiabatic thermometry, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy we revealed possibilityto synthesize polymeric and oligomeric products.These products basically correspondto the industrial petropolymericresinsobtained from C9 fraction.
Laboratory Experimental Research on Promoting Aquathermolysis of Heavy Oil with the NaNO2/NH4Cl Exothermic System
Authors: Dong Long , Cai Yu Chuan , Liu Yong Jian , Xu Ke Ming , Chen Dong Xia , Kong Xiang Wei , Zhao Fa Jun
Published: September 2013

Concerning the fact that the in-situ aquathermolysis reaction of heavy oil is affected by the limit of formation temperature, a simulated experiment is made by means of thermochemistry on promoting the aquathermolysis reaction of heavy oil through increasing formation temperature via in-situ heat generation. The results show that after the injection of 5mL concentration of 5mol/L NaNO2/NH4Cl exothermic system to the reaction kettle, the reactor temperature rises from 200°C to over 240°C, increasing the pressure almost by 0.4MPa. After the reaction, the viscosity reduction ratio of the heavy oil decreases by about 40%, with saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic content increased significantly, but resin and asphaltene content significantly obviously lowered, which proves that thermochemincal heat generation can promote the aquathermolysis reaction of heavy oils. The analysis also shows that the field injection process through the thermochemical system is feasible, that the exothermic reaction speed and the thermal peak position are controllable and that no formation damage is done. Besides, it also proves the feasibility of promoting the aquathermolysis viscosity reduction of heavy oil through increasing temperature by thermochemical heat generation. In specific application, an in-depth analysis of the factors that affect the thermochemical temperature increase should be made and the relevant parameters of the operation should be optimized.
Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Morphological Structure and Properties of Polyester Hollow Staple Fibers
Authors: Wang Wei Ming , Yu Bo , Su Huan Zhen , Zhang Zhong
Published: September 2013

The effect of thermal treatment conditions namely water pick-up, temperature and time on the morphological structure, bursting strength and wearabilities of polyester (PET) hollow staple fiber were investigated. The results show that changes in water pick-up, temperature and time may lead to an obvious change in bursting strength, warmth retention and water-vapor permeation of fabric. Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) analysis indicates that both thermal treatment temperature and time have a significant effect on the morphological structure and hollow structure, and the critical maximum time mostly depends on the applied temperature. Furthermore, the bursting strength, warmth retention and water-vapor permeation of polyester (PET) hollow staple fiber knitted fabric are determined by its morphological and hollow structure.
The Influence of Environment Factors on Lubricants Biodegradation by Orthogonal Design
Authors: Wang Jiu , Chen Bo Shui , Fang Jian Hua , Wu Jiang , Mei Lin
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the orthogonal experiments of three factors and three levels, pH Value (4.1,7.0,9.1), surfactants concentration (10,50,200mg/L), temperature (15,30,45°C) were used to investigate lubricants biodegradation . An L9 (34)) orthogonal table has been used for experiment arrangement in order to find out the major influencing factors. The results showed that in the three factors temperature was the first influencing factors, the second was surfactants concentration, the last is pH value.
Optical Property of Pyramidal-Substrate with Nano Porous Layer
Authors: Tang Ye Hua , Wang Wen Jing , Zhou Chun Lan , Zhou Su , Zhao Yan , Fei Jian Ming , Cao Hong Bin , Chen Jing Wei , Yan Bao Jun
Published: September 2013

Pyramidal surface is commonly used as an antireflection structure. The weighted reflectance averaged by the AM 1.5 G spectrum is about 14%. In the photovoltaic field, lowering the surface reflectivity is an important approach to improve the conversion efficiency. Black silicon surface with low reflectivity is benefit of solar cells. But conversion efficiency of black silicon solar cell is still low due to the severe surface recombination. In this paper, shallower black silicon layer was formed on the pyramidal surface. For the sample etched 1 min, the weighted reflectance is only 13.20%, and the pyramidal one is 14.10%. The layer would not deteriorate the material. Lifetime of the substrates after high temperature phosphorous diffusion is 13.35 μs higher than the pyramidal one. The mean sheet resistance is nearly the same between the pyramidal surface and the etched pyramidal surface.
Visible-Light Illumination Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution on CuO Modified TiO2 Nanotube Arrays/Ti Electrocatalyst
Authors: Yan Zhao Xiong , Xu Zhi Hua , Zhu Li Hong
Published: September 2013

TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) modified by CuO (CuO-TNAs) catalysts were prepared by an impregnating-calcinating method using the electrochemically prepared TNAs and Cu (NO3)2 as precursors and were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic properties of the CuO-TNAs samples for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) were investigated by linear sweep curves, electrochemical impedance spectrum and current-time curves. The results showed that the electrocatalytic activity of TNAs for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was significantly enhanced by CuO modification, and the electrocatalytic activity of CuO-TNAs catalysts could be further promoted by visible-light illumination. The combination of visible-light irradiation with applying a controlled potential may provide new insight into enhancing the performances of the cathode for hydrogen evolution reaction.
Preparation of Graphene/Pd Nanoparticle Composites and their Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Hu Zhong Liang , Chen Yi Feng , Li Na , Zhang Wei , Chen Han , Gong Wen Qiang
Published: September 2013

Pd (en)2Cl2 can be intercalated into graphite oxide layers with high efficiency. The Pd (en)22+ intercalated graphite oxide was firstly synthesized by mixture reaction of Pd (en)2Cl2 and graphite oxide, then it was reduced in solution with NaBH4 and thereafter the graphene/Pd nanosized particle composites were obtained. The graphene composites were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, ICP and N2 adsorption tests and their H2 storage was also measured. The results show that the composites contain a large amount of Pd and have a regular mesoporous structure, and Pd particles with a diameter of 2-6 nm are evenly dispersed between graphene sheets and pillar the graphene sheets. The BET surface area of the composites is 230 m2/g and their H2 storage reaches 3.4 wt.% at 77K and 0.11 MPa.
Supported Iron Nanoparticles for Removal of Pentachlorophenol in Water
Authors: Cheng Rong , Zheng Xiang , Li Guan Qing , Wang Jian Long
Published: September 2013

Two kinds of supported iron nanoparticles by activated carbon/carbon nanotubes were synthesized under ambient condition in this study. And their performance for pentachlorophenol (PCP) removal in water was examined. The SEM images showed that the nanoparticles supported by carbon nanotubes (Fe-CNTs) were of better dispersibility and smaller particle size than that by activated carbon (Fe-C). And the iron content in both of Fe-CNTs and Fe-C system measured by EDS was similar to each other. But the removal rate of PCP in the former system was obviously lower than the latter. It might be due to the more excellent adsorption capacity of activated carbon. And another main reason could be the reduction of adsorption sites due to the occupation of iron nanoparticles. The removal of PCP from the solution was the result of both of the activated carbon/carbon nanotubes adsorption and iron degradation. And the adsorption process was prior to the degradation by iron nanoparticles.
The Preparation and Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2/Co2+ Nanofibers
Authors: Xu Chen Xiang , Shi Yi Kai , Zhou Mi , Qian Xin , Ye Xiao Feng
Published: September 2013

TiO2/Co2+ composite nanofibers were prepared by using the electrospun fibers of PVP/ Ti (OiPr)4/Co (NO3)2 composite as precursor, and through calcination treatment. The chemical components, structures and morphology were characterized by TGA, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts were investigated by photocatalystic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible-light irradiation. It was found that the TiO2/Co2+ composite nanofibers calcined at 600 °C which was the anatase phase, showed higher photocatalytic activities than those calcined at other two temperatures. This result was expected as a new morphology of photocatalysts to degrade the organic pollutants in the sun.
Structural Shifting and Electronic Properties of Stone-Wales Defect in Armchair Edge (5,5) Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Jadi Supri , Setiadi A.
Published: September 2013

Stone Wales (SW) defect is one type of topological defect on the CNT, in this study we performed first principles calculations of SW defects in armchair edge (5,5) carbon nanotube (CNT) by the density functional theory (DFT). Two different defects were studied such as longitudinal and circumference types. Our calculation results show that a longitudinal SW defect is more stable than circumference SW defect. However barrier energy as parameter to control the SW defect in CNT was studied, in calculation we applied Nudge Elastic Band (NEB) method to find minimum energy path (MEP) and barrier energy for SW defect transitions. The result shows that barrier energy of circumference SW defect is lower than another one. We also found that in the case of circumference SW defect, armchair edge (5,5) CNT become semiconductor with the band gap of 0.0544 eV.
The Wear Analysis of Chisel-Edge Ruling Tool for Diffraction Gratings
Authors: Galantu Jiri
Published: September 2013

The wear analysis of chisel-edge ruling tool for diffraction gratings is very complex because of following two reasons that one is the wear distribution on edge after grating ruling is too minute so that hard to find and measured by conventional equipment like microscope, and the other is the effect of wear on the groove depth, pitch, ridge, blaze angle, non-blaze angle, groove bottom angle and diffraction efficiency of gratings. In order to determine what extent of wear is can be ignored, this paper had go on brief approximate test study on wear analysis of chisel-edge ruling tool for diffraction gratings which ruling echelle gratings groove density of 79 gr/mm, and analyzed the variation of groove depth, pitch, ridge, blaze angle, non-blaze angle, groove bottom angle and diffraction efficiency along with ruling distance, and found the microscale tool wear on chisel-edge ruling tool, finally determined this extent of tool wear cannot effect ruling echelle gratings groove density of 79 gr/mm .
Synthetic Evaluation of Equipment Maintenance System Based on TOPSIS Method
Authors: Yang Ming Hua , Dong Yu Cai , Zhang Ling , Du Jian , Liu Yan Xia
Published: September 2013

A synthetic evaluation of equipment maintenance system effectiveness based on TOPSIS method is discussed in this article. The synthetic evaluation order of every system are given which can avoid the difficulty in traditional evaluations that regard the multi-evaluation parameters as a single efficiency evaluating value. The article supply a new system to the synthetic evaluation of diesel equipment maintenance system effectiveness.
Gate Tunneling Current Predicting Model for Scaled NMOSFET Devices
Authors: Zhao Zhi Chao , Wu Tie Feng , Ma Hui Bin , Wang Quan , Li Jing
Published: September 2013

With the scaling of MOS devices, gate tunneling current increases significantly due to thinner gate oxides, and static characteristics of devices and circuit are severely affected by the presence of gate tunneling currents. In this paper, a novel theory gate tunneling current predicting model using integral approach is presented in ultra-thin gate oxide MOS devices that tunneling current changes with gate-oxide thickness. To analyze quantitatively the behaviors of scaled MOS devices in the effects of gate tunneling current and predict the trends, the characteristics of MOS devices are studied in detail using HSPICE simulator. The simulation results in BSIM4 model well agree with the model proposed. The theory and experiment data are contributed to the VLSI circuit design in the future.
Development of a Single-Cylinder Four-Stroke Free-Piston Generator
Authors: Xu Zhao Ping , Chang Si Qin
Published: September 2013

Free-piston engines are under investigation worldwide recently for their potential advantages in terms of efficiency and emissions. This paper focuses on the development and performance of a novel four-stroke free-piston generator (FSFPG), which is designed from a four-stroke free-piston engine equipped with a linear electric generator. Working principle and operating characteristics of the FSFPG are discussed, along with potential advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional engines. The design process and geometric parameters of a single cylinder, gasoline and spark ignition FSFPG prototype is presented. The control strategy of the novel power generating system is discussed. The already obtained testing results and performance of the FSFPG prototype are presented and analyzed in this paper in detail.
New Control Strategy for High-Frequency Digital Inverter Power Supply
Authors: Wang Yi Wang
Published: September 2013

The inverter power supply system has strong nonlinearity and parameter variability, especially in the non-linear loads, conventional control technology is difficult to achieve effective control and get the ideal control effect. Aiming at the control requirements of single-phase high-frequency induction heating inverter supply power control applications, uses a novel multiple and composite control technologies to achieve rapid power modulation control of inverter. The components and design principles of proposed control system were introduced in detail. The inverter power system model based on the new control strategy has been built, and inverter prototype used for high-frequency induction heating was designed. The experimental results show that the proposed control method to obtain better dynamic characteristics than the conventional control technologies, and has good advantages of system steady-state accuracy, robustness and control qualities, which has wide range of application.
Research on Filter Paper Splash Procedure of Raindrop Diameter
Authors: Huang Yi Jun , Huang Yu Yu
Published: September 2013

Filter paper splash procedure is a kind of measuring means to raindrop size. It is used widely and operated briefly and its cost is low. The article mainly introduces the influence of different heights to the stain diameter and the relationship between stain diameter and the raindrops. According to the experiment, the relation between the stain diameter and the raindrops is d=0.478D0.610.it is the research foundation of filter paper stain method. According to the data from Fangxian area using the method of filter paper splash procedure, we can conclude that the raindrop kinetic energy has a positive relationship with rainfall intensity. The research is useful for measuring the water and soil loss.Water and soil loss is one of the global environment problems. The most important factor which can cause water and soil loss is rainfall. The research on raindrop kinetic energy is important for the further analysis of water and soil loss. A classical approach for the research on raindrop kinetic energy is paper splash procedure. The relationship between stain diameter and raindrop diameter shall be calibrated in this approach. In general, influences from titrated water drop height and stain diameter are not considered in the calibration process. In this experiment, influences of rain drop height on stain diameter are researched in the stain calibration, settling basis for the research on local volume of water and soil loss.
The Research of the Impact of Dynamic Analysis from the Stiffness of the Light Steel Floor of the Steel Frame
Authors: Gong Chun Xia , Xi Cao
Published: September 2013

This paper uses ANSYS10.0 to make modal analysis of the finite element models of the light steel frame. Set up two finite element analysis models with different stiffness of floor, one with the rigid floor assumption, another kind with the light steel floor,so as to research the influence of the calculation results of dynamic analysis. According to the analysis results,we can get that how to define the stiffness of floor is more accurate when design the light steel frame structure. So that to provide the theoretical basis for the designing of light steel frame constructions.
Core Conductive Yarn Based Integral Knitted ESD Garments Part II. Carbon Composite Yarns Investigation
Authors: Donciu Codrin
Published: September 2013

A research regarding integral knitted structures for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protective garments with core conductive fibres is currently undergoing. In this paper, the second part of the research is presented, in which the integral knitted structures with carbon-based fibres were investigated. A number of 8 samples were manufactured and their ESD properties were analyzed. In this regard, the surface resistivity, volume resistivity, and charge decay time were determined, and based on the results, a bilayer knitted structure was proposed.
Experimental Investigation on Thermal Performance of Flat Plate Heat Pipe with Intersected Micro-Grooves
Authors: Wang Chen , Liu Zhong Liang , Zhang Guang Meng
Published: September 2013

A copper-water flat plate heat pipe with intersected micro-grooves was developed for cooling electronic devices in this paper. The effects of heat flux, working fluid filling ratio and inclination angles on thermal performance of the flat plate heat pipe was tested and investigated. The laboratory tests show the optimal filling ratio of the heat pipe is about 65%. Excellent thermal performance is also observed in unfavorable titled positions including vertical and anti-gravity orientation at 65%. The smallest overall thermal resistance is obtained in horizontal position and the maximal thermal resistance is observed in vertical position. The influence of inclination angles on thermal performance of the heat pipe in both axial direction and radial direction is also investigated. As the heat pipe is tilted, the ability of temperature leveling in radial direction is enhanced, nevertheless, the capacity of heat transfer in radial direction decreased at the same time.
Analysis and Calculation of Carbon Content in Austenitizing of Cast Iron
Authors: Gong Wen Bang , Zhang Yun , Xiang Gang Yu
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a formula for the calculation of carbon content during austenitizing of cast iron was deduced, considering the effect of silicon content on the heat treatment parameter. According to this formula, the carbon content of the austenite in a certain austenization temperature for a cast iron with given components can be easily calculated, and the austenization temperature for getting the expected carbon content in the austenite can also be determined. Besides, according to the relationship between austenization temperature Tx and the according carbon content Cax, and considering the effect of silicon content, the diagram of Cax, Tx and silicon content during the austenitizing process of cast iron was made.
Netronic Design of Small Long-Life PWR Using Thorium Cycle
Authors: Subkhi M. Nurul , Su'ud Zaki , Waris Abdul
Published: September 2013

A small long-life core loaded with thorium fuel and 231Pa as burnable poison material has been performed in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). Thorium cycle fuel has higher conversion ratio in the thermal spectrum domain and lower reactivity swing than the Uranium-Plutonium cycle fuel. 231Pa have very large capture cross section that can pressed reactivity in the beginning of life. The neutronic analysis result of infinite cell calculation shows that mixed nitride is better than oxide and carbide in thorium fuel system. In the present study we consider thorium nitride system with 3 ~ 8 % 233U percentage and 0.2~ 7% 231Pa as fuel for small PWR and can be burn up for the long time. The purpose of the study is to optimize the design of 350MWt PWR which can be operated without refueling in 10 years The core was designed by cylindrical two-dimension R-Z (radial and axial). The multigroup diffusion and Burn-up analysis was performed by SRAC-CITATION code using libraries based on JENDL 3.2. By using this concept, small PWR can be designed for long time operation with reduced excess reactivity until under 1 % and flatted power distribution during its operation.
Comparisons of Alcohol Blending Fuels' Emission from a Laboratory Gasoline Engine
Authors: Wu Ting Nien , Hsu Yi Chyun , Wu Tser Son
Published: September 2013

This study is aimed at examining environmental impacts of exhaust emissions imposed by various alcohol blending fuels. The tested fuels are 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% blending of methanol, ethanol or butanol alone. Rotation speeds of engine tests were controlled at 1500, 2500 and 3500 rpm to simulate slow, normal and fast speeds of vehicle driving. Gaseous emissions from engine exhaust were collected to determine the concentrations of CO, NOx, HC, BTEX, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Most alcohol blending fuels were found able to lower regulated emission of CO, NOx and HC as well as toxic constituents of BTEX more or less. Adversely, alcohol combustion in the engine could result in the formation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Environmental impact on the release of formaldehyde should be aware and carefully controlled with the use of various alcohol blending fuels.
Transient Fuel Injection Rate and Fuel Economy Prediction for a Vehicle Driven with FTP-75 Mode Using an ECU HILS
Authors: Lee Choong Hoon
Published: September 2013

A fuel injection system which is operated with ECU HILS was used to evaluate the transient fuel injection rate and fuel economy. Several sensor signals from a car such as the engine speed, car speed, cam position, crank position, air mass flow, throttle position and several other sensor signals are measured and recorded as a data file with DAQ-system for a vehicle driven in FTP-75 mode in a chassis dynamometer. Electric signals that are equivalent to the sensor signals from the car are reconstructed from the recorded data file using DAQ boards and a computer. All the reconstructed sensor signals are provided to the ECU with synchronized timing. Injectors were connected to the ECU output pins and were driven by the system to measure the quantity of injected fuel. The ECU HILS show that the transient fuel injection rate and fuel economy for the car driving mode could be successfully predicted. Also, the repeatability of the generation of sensor signals can enhance the accuracy of a range of experiments related to cars fuel injection experiment.
Interference Characteristics Analysis of Power Electronics Devices Used in New Energy Vehicles
Authors: Guo Yan Jie , Wang Li Fang , Liao Cheng Lin
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is taken as an example to discuss the interference characteristics of the power electronics devices used in new energy vehicles. Firstly, the on-off processes of the IGBT are analyzed and reconstructed. Then, the high frequency circuit model of IGBT is established, considering both the on-off processes and the effects of the stray parameters. Furthermore, the effects of IGBT on equipment around are investigated based on the calculations of interference voltage transfer gains and common mode (CM) current transfer admittance. Finally, the model and analyses are verified by both the simulations and the experiments.
Al Vacancy Induced Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic in Un-Doped AlN
Authors: Ren Hui Hui , Wu Rong , Jian Ji Kang , Chen Chu , Ablat Abduleziz
Published: September 2013

Room-temperature ferromagnetism has been found in AlN grown by direct arc discharge method using the direct reaction of Al powder with N2 gas. The observed room-temperature ferromagnetism which arises from the aluminum vacancy is intrinsic properties in AlN. The results could rule out oxygen impurities as the main cause of magnetic origin in AlN. First-principles calculations reveal that spontaneous spin polarization creates with a 3.0 uBlocal moment for AlN and magnetic originate from the polarization of the unpaired 2p electrons of N surrounding the Al vacancy. The aluminum vacancy induced may be applicable to other Ш-V nitride semiconductors in turning their magnetism.
Small Wind-Solar Hybrid Power Generation System Based on Multi-Agent
Authors: Chang Jiang , Peng Yan , Feng Xiao Jun
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a small wind-solar hybrid power generation system based on multi-agent. The system is composed of wind power agent module, solar power agent module and battery charging and discharging agent module. The power agent generation module is composed of the communication agent, decision-making agent, data processing agent, data collecting agent, power transformation operating agent, protection agent, coordination agent and component control agent. According to the different weather conditions and different power state of equilibrium, the agents of the small wind-solar hybrid power generation system coordinate and use the optimal control strategy to achieve the best operation state of the power system.
A New High Voltage Transmission Lines Deicer Based on Vibrations Principle
Authors: Nie Jing
Published: September 2013

In recent years, for the high voltage transmission lines suffered serious Icing lead wire dancing, break and tower collapsed, domestic and foreign strengthened the study of high-voltage overhead line deicing methods and put forward a variety of line deicing methods. This paper first introduced thermal ice-melting method, mechanical deicing method, natural deicing method and several common deicing methods and analyzed the pros and cons of various deicing program. Based on the analysis of deicing methods for the high voltage transmission lines, a new and simple high voltage transmission line deicer is brought forward. This paper briefly discussed the basic principles and advantages of the device, providing a new way of thinking for the high voltage transmission lines deicing and having a certain value and social benefits.
Analysis for Solar Array Radiation Receiving Characteristics on Stratospheric Airship
Authors: Sun Kang Wen , Liang Gao Ming , Li Ke , Zhu Ming
Published: September 2013

As one of the key technic of achieving high-altitude and long-time flight, the stratospheric airship energy system in stratosphere is always the important point but also very difficult. In this paper, the stratospheric airship geometry analysis as a starting point, through a series analysis as follow: the stratospheric airship surface mesh model, the sun vector, the relationship between the sun vector and the body coordinate system, and the solar radiation model, we have accomplished the characteristics analysis of the radiation receiving on stratospheric airship. The analysis result show that: Although different flight direction corresponding to different distribution of light intensity, the light changes from sunrise to sunset is symmetrical when the stratospheric airship on the condition of level flight. Airship for east heading of region resides, the maximum energy can be obtained when the solar array laying in the installation of 0 β π / 4. With the changing of heading angle and pitch angle, the radiation receiving of the solar array can also transform, but the influence of pitch angle greater than heading angle.
Chinese Wind Energy Development Analysis and Construction Proposals
Authors: Bai Zi Wei
Published: September 2013

With increasing deficiency of fossil energy, seriously environmental issues, renewable energy development and utilization seemed imminent .By analyzing the energy status quo, analyzing the development of wind power technology in the United Kingdom briefly, the paper proved the necessaries and advantages of wind power. And combining with the development of China's energy and facing the problem, the paper put forward the feasibility of wind energy construction proposals for future development.
An Analysis about Wind Farm Construction Based on the Perspective of the Development of Ecological Environment
Authors: Bai Zi Wei
Published: September 2013

Advantages of wind power are self-evident, but the impact of wind power project on the local ecological environment and natural landscape is also increasingly subject to public attention. It mainly reflects in the visual pollution of the wind turbine (or natural landscape problems), noise, bird safety and electromagnetic interference. The paper analyzed the impact of wind farms on the environment, and recommended appropriate preventions and control measures to reduce it to an acceptable level.
Deformation Twinning in Hadfield Steel
Authors: Yeleussizova A.A. , Skakov М.K. , Zhilkashinova А.M. , Rofman O.V.
Published: September 2013

The deformation twinning leads to a reduction of the coefficient of strain hardening, i.e. twinning plays an important role in deformation of steel. The contribution of twinning to the total deformation is significant (up to 1/3 of the overall deformation). The final effect of twinning on strain hardening rate depends on the number of factors introduced by the twinning itself in the process of sliding. Calculated Schmid factors for slip systems operating in the matrix and in the twin. The analysis of the twinning geometry in particular grains showed that twinning is primarily developed for systems with the highest Schmid factor. However, twinning was also observed with a minimum and even zero Schmid factor. The obtained results indicate the importance of the orientation of slip planes in the newly formed micro-twins and Schmid factors for twinning. The important role of crystallographic texture in the physics of strain hardening was also shown.
Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Tower for Wind Turbine Generator
Authors: Čajka Radim
Published: September 2013

In the paper is presented a parametric study on possibilities of designing and realizing a prestressed reinforced concrete tower for a wind turbine, WEG 400, as an alternative solution replacing a steel structure. WEG 400 is a generation of a double-blade wind turbine with the rotor diameter of 36.7 m. Key design criteria include extreme static/dynamic loads, cyclical loading and natural frequency. The supporting structure of the tower needs to be easy to dispose from prefabricated prestressed concrete elements.
Accommodation Capacity Analysis of the Large Scale PV Power Generation Access to Regional Power Grid
Authors: Shi Tao , Han Hua Ling
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the factors are analyzed,which affect the accommodation capacity of large scale PV power generation access to the grid . The analysis method mainly consider the peak load adjustment ability of the whole power system. Then a real case based on provincial grid is calculated and analyzed. The results show that: As an important technical style ,the generation and acommodation of the large scale photovoltaic power generation are influenced by the light resource, load level, adjustment ability, transmission channel. The planning of large-scale photovoltaic power plants must keep pace with the conventional power and grid planning.
Temperature Dependent Study of Carrier Diffusion in Photon Enhanced Thermionic Emission Solar Converters
Authors: Yang Yang , Yang Wen Zheng , Tang Wei Dong , Sun Chuan Dong
Published: September 2013

Photon Enhanced Thermionic Emission (PETE) is a novel concept in solar energy conversion, which can efficiently harvest solar energy at elevated temperatures. However, the temperature dependence of material parameters has not been clearly stated so far. In this study, a model for carrier transport is presented based on one dimension diffusion equation. Material data of GaAs are used to testify the temperature impact on material parameters. We find that for higher doped p-type GaAs which is suitable for PETE cathode material, its electron diffusion length shows weak temperature dependence. Carrier transport efficiency can be boosted by optimizing the geometry of the cathode and the optical parameters of the material. Finally, we propose a design of reflective mode cathode with reflective back surface and nanostructure emissive surface for PETE application.
Mathematical Model and Numerical Experiment of Photovoltaic Water Pumping System
Authors: Wang Ke Yan , Wang Qi Sheng
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the engineering analytical models of photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system from electronics theory, and some mathematical models of system components have been established. Studies have shown that the minimum unit water cost may not be reached only with the control strategy of maximum output power of the system. Therefore, system optimization is very necessary to reducing the capacity for every unit of pumped water, which is based on the design optimization theory and has shown its economics.
High Efficiency MPPT Using Piecewise Linear Approximation and Temperature Compensation
Authors: Yang Yong You , Yi Wei Dong , Jwo Ko Wen
Published: September 2013

We propose a method of piecewise linear approximation with temperature compensated to model the characteristics of the maximum power points locus of photovoltaic panel under different irradiance levels and temperatures. This method can fast tracking photovoltaic panel maximum power point, and can also overcome the problem of the temperature drift. The simulation and experiment results indicate that, the maximum power point tracking efficiency of the proposed method is up to 90% ~ 99.9% under diffident irradiance.
Research a Suitable Textbook to Educate High-Level Employees of the Wind Energy Industry in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Syu Huei , Cheng Ching Shang
Published: September 2013

This paper focuses on how to develop the wind power industry professional competence course, the use of the professional competence results of the aforementioned studies, construction of the wind power industry professional competence course module. The importance of the analysis found that students give the highest rating to Chapter 5, work attitude and ethics in the workplace, followed by Chapter 1 green beliefs and regulations, followed by Chapter 4, the future trends of wind power, Chapter 2 Principles of wind power, and Chapter 3 the wind power generation equipment and the establishment. The values of average important of 5 chapters are between 3.66 and 4.07, Less than 4.00, and the average percentage of correct answers (knowledge) of 5 chapters between 28% and 55%, Less than 60%. The IPA analysis found that all on the B quadrant. It is mean that the textbook of wind power is suitable for use and whether experts or students who believe that wind power education is important. Although wind power capacity is insufficient, the students believe that the importance of wind power technology is certainly, that is part of our textbooks to add.
Purification Efficiency and B Removal of Polysilicon during its Solidification from a Si-Al-Sn Melt
Authors: Wu Shen Rui , Xu Fu Min , Li Jia Yan , Tan Yi , Li Ya Qiong
Published: September 2013

Solar grade silicon (SoG-Si) is the basic material of photovoltaic industry. Metallurgical method as a way of purification isconsidered to reduce the cost of polysilicon production unanimously based on its low cost, short production cycle, relatively simple process, lowpollution and controllable scale size, and it has become a hot topic in the subject research around the world.In this paper Al-Si-Sn alloy is used to purifypolysiliconand influence on the purification efficiency of polysilicon with different compositions of Al-Si-Sn alloy is analyzed. In order to study the segregation of impurity B in purification process, we introduce final segregation coefficient kB,final and analyze the relation between kB,final and the content of Al,Snin Al-Si-Sn alloy thermodynamically.
Theoretical Study of New Configuration of Photovoltaic/Thermal Solar Collector (PV/T) Design
Authors: Fadhel M.I. , Sultan Sakhr M. , Alkaff Saqaff Ahmed
Published: September 2013

The combination of solar thermal and PV technologies leads to form a single module called PVT system. This system is able to produce heat and electricity simultaneously. In this paper, a new configuration and design of PV/T system are proposed, and a theoretical study of this system is evaluated. The PV/T consists of certain layers which are the glass, air gap, PV panel, absorber plate and insulating material layer. The monocrystalline PV and spiral flow absorber plate are used in this study. The results of the system performance under typical sunny climatic Malaysian condition are presented. The maximum thermal and electrical efficiencies obtained are 64.4 % and 12.13%, respectively. The effect of mass flow rate on the outlet water temperature is also evaluated. It is shown that the optimum mass flow rate for the designed system is between 0.005 and 0.075 kg/s.
Analysis on Energy Utilization of the Key Energy-Consuming Industries in Jiangxi Province
Authors: Meng Ying , Hu Ying , Wei Chen Chen
Published: September 2013

Sustainable energy utilization is an important power of supporting economic development, the synergy between energy utilization and economic development can not only create considerable economic profits, but also bring huge social benefits. The energy consumption of Jiangxi province is higher while its resource is poorer, so build the energy efficiency standards and system of Jiangxi key energy-consuming industries is not only can guide administrator to manage enterprises and give enterprise a convenient way to find and solve energy problems, but also can promote the economy of Jiangxi province develop better.
Ensuring Reliability of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Space Applications Using Functional Shape Memory Materials
Authors: Blednova Zhesfina , Protsenko N.A.
Published: September 2013

The developed design of a bypass device with thermo-mechanical converter based on a material with shape memory effect, allowing for multiple performance check at the stage of construction and testing, and ensuring the required level of reliability at reduced weight and size characteristics is described. On the base of the proposed models of bypass actuator a technology is developed for the manufacturing of power contact group that allows obtaining minimal transient resistance of contacts.