bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
T Cell Expression of C5a Receptor 2 Augments Murine Regulatory T Cell (TREG) Generation and TREG-Dependent Cardiac Allograft Survival
Authors: A. Verghese Divya , Demir Markus , Chun Nicholas , Fribourg Miguel , Cravedi Paolo , Llaudo Ines , Woodruff Trent M. , Yadav Pragya , Lira Sergio A. , Medof M. Edward , Heeger Peter S.
Published: February 2018

C5aR2 (C5L2/gp77) is a seven-transmembrane spanning receptor that binds to C5a but lacks motifs essential for G protein coupling and associated signal transduction. C5aR2 is expressed on immune cells, modulates various inflammatory diseases in mice, and has been shown to facilitate murine and human regulatory T cell (TREG) generation in vitro. Whether and how C5aR2 impacts in vivo TREG generation and pathogenic T cell–dependent disease models have not been established. In this article, we show that murine T cells express and upregulate C5aR2 during induced TREG (iTREG) generation and that the absence of T cell–expressed C5aR2 limits in vivo iTREG generation following adoptive transfer of naive CD4+ T cells into Rag1−/− recipients. Using newly generated C5aR2-transgenic mice, we show that overexpression of C5aR2 in naive CD4+ T cells augments in vivo iTREG generation. In a model of TREG-dependent cardiac allograft survival, recipient C5aR2 deficiency accelerates graft rejection associated with lower TREG/effector T cell ratios, whereas overexpression of C5aR2 in immune cells prolongs graft survival associated with an increase in TREG/effector T cell ratios. T cell–expressed C5aR2 modulates TREG induction without altering effector T cell proliferation or cytokine production. Distinct from reported findings in neutrophils and macrophages, TREG-expressed C5aR2 does not interact with β-arrestin or inhibit ERK1/2 signaling. Rather, cumulative evidence supports the conclusion that C5aR2 limits C5aR1-initiated signals known to inhibit TREG induction. Together, the data expand the role of C5aR2 in adaptive immunity by providing in vivo evidence that T cell–expressed C5aR2 physiologically modulates iTREG generation and iTREG-dependent allograft survival.
Linear probe 19-gauge endobronchial ultrasound diagnosis of a benign chondroid hamartoma
Authors: Fallon Janet , Plummeridge Martin , Daly Richard , Medford Andrew
Published: February 2018

We report a case of a 68-year-old gentleman, found to have a right hilar soft tissue mass whilst undergoing CT staging for prostate cancer. MRI imaging showed a heterogenous, enhancing solid mass without evidence of fat content. A linear probe endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration was performed using a 19G needle. This confirmed the diagnosis of a benign chondroid hamartoma, avoiding the need for more invasive surgical biopsy.Â Â
Lateral Ankle Sprain in a Mouse Model: Lifelong Sensorimotor Dysfunction
Authors: Wikstrom Erik A. , Hubbard-Turner Tricia , Guderian Sophie , Turner Michael J.
Published: February 2018

Context: 

Ankle sprains are the most common orthopaedic injury that occurs during sport and physical activity. Many individuals who sprain their ankles develop chronic ankle instability (CAI), a condition characterized by recurrent injury, decreased physical activity, and decreased quality of life. These residual impairments are believed to persist for the remainder of the patient's life, in part due to the link between CAI and posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis. However, this belief remains speculative due to the lack of long-term prospective investigations.

Objective: 

To use a mouse model of mild (MILD) and severe (SEVERE) ankle sprains to quantify balance and locomotor adaptations across the lifespan.

Design: 

Cohort study.

Setting: 

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Fifty male mice (CBA/J) were randomly placed into a control (SHAM), MILD, or SEVERE group and housed individually.

Intervention(s): 

The MILD group underwent surgical transection of a single right hind-limb lateral ankle ligament, and the SEVERE group had 2 of the lateral ligaments transected. The SHAM group underwent a sham surgery during which no lateral ligaments were transected.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

After surgically inducing the ankle sprain, we measured balance and gait using a balance beam and footprint test before and every 6 weeks for 78 weeks.

Results: 

Age-related declines in balance but not stride length were exacerbated by an ankle sprain (P < .001). Balance and stride lengths changed with age (P < .001). Foot slips were worse in the SEVERE (4.32 ± 0.98) and MILD (3.53 ± 0.98) groups than in the SHAM group (2.16 ± 0.99; P < .001). Right-limb stride length was shorter in the SEVERE group (6.45 cm ± 0.41 cm) than in the SHAM group (6.87 cm ± 0.40 cm; P = .04).

Conclusions: 

Transecting the lateral ligaments of a mouse hind foot resulted in lifelong sensorimotor dysfunction. Declines starting at 42 weeks postinjury may have represented the onset of posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
Mitigation of Corrosion on AZ31B-H24 Tungsten Inert Gas Welds in Chloride Environments via Laser Surface Modification
Authors: Bland L.G. , Melia M.A. , Fitz-Gerald J.M. , Scully J.R.
Published: February 2018

Laser surface modification (LSM) was performed on autogenously welded samples to homogenize the weld microstructure and mitigate poor corrosion performance. Characterization of weld zone corrosion behavior and microstructure was performed using established electrochemical analysis techniques and scanning electron microscopy. Following LSM, partial chemical homogenization was observed for regions of the base alloy, along with the fusion zone and heat affected zone. The corrosion rates for the isolated weld zones followed a similar trend with an increase in chemical uniformity as determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, gravimetric mass loss, and H2 gas collection. Overall, limited galvanic coupling was observed between weld zones resulting in an order of magnitude reduction in galvanic corrosion rate.
The interaction between monetary and macroprudential policy: should central banks ‘lean against the wind’ to foster macro-financial stability?
Authors: Krug Sebastian
Published: February 2018

The extensive harm caused by the financial crisis raises the question of whether policymakers could have done more to prevent the build-up of financial imbalances. This paper aims to contribute to the field of regulatory impact assessment by taking up the revived debate on whether central banks should use the interest rate to directly respond to the build-up of financial sector imbalances, i.e. ‘lean against the wind’ or not. Currently, there is no consensus on whether monetary policy is, in general, able to support the resilience of the financial system or if this task should better be left to the macroprudential approach of financial regulation. The author aims to shed light on this issue by analyzing distinct policy regimes within an agent-based computational macro-model with endogenous money. He finds that policies that make use of their comparative advantage lead to superior outcomes concerning their respective intended objectives. In particular, he shows that ‘leaning against the wind’ should only serve as first line of defense in the absence of a prudential regulatory regime and that price stability does not necessarily mean financial stability. Moreover, macroprudential regulation as unburdened policy instrument is able to dampen the build-up of financial imbalances by restricting credit to the unsustainable high-leveraged part of the real economy.
Airborne remote sensing and in situ measurements of atmospheric CO2 to quantify point source emissions
Authors: Krings Thomas , Neininger Bruno , Gerilowski Konstantin , Krautwurst Sven , Buchwitz Michael , Burrows John P. , Lindemann Carsten , Ruhtz Thomas , Schüttemeyer Dirk , Bovensmann Heinrich
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Reliable techniques to infer greenhouse gas emission rates from localised sources require accurate measurement and inversion approaches. In this study airborne remote sensing observations of CO2 by the MAMAP instrument and airborne in situ measurements are used to infer emission estimates of carbon dioxide released from a cluster of coal-fired power plants. The study area is complex due to sources being located in close proximity and overlapping associated carbon dioxide plumes. For the analysis of in situ data, a mass balance approach is described and applied, whereas for the remote sensing observations an inverse Gaussian plume model is used in addition to a mass balance technique. A comparison between methods shows that results for all methods agree within 10 % or better with uncertainties of 10 to 30 % for cases in which in situ measurements were made for the complete vertical plume extent. The computed emissions for individual power plants are in agreement with results derived from emission factors and energy production data for the time of the overflight.
Phytoplankton growth response to Asian dust addition in the northwest Pacific Ocean versus the Yellow Sea
Authors: Zhang Chao , Gao Huiwang , Yao Xiaohong , Shi Zongbo , Shi Jinhui , Yu Yang , Meng Ling , Guo Xinyu
Published: February 2018

Abstract. In this study, five on-board microcosm experiments were performed in the subtropical gyre, the Kuroshio Extension region of the northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO), and the Yellow Sea (YS) in order to investigate phytoplankton growth following the addition of artificially modified mineral dust (AM dust) and various nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), N + P, and N + P + Fe). The two experiments carried out with AM-dust addition in the subtropical gyre showed a maximum chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration increase of 1.7- and 2.8-fold, while the cell abundance of large-sized phytoplankton ( >  5 µm) showed a 1.8- and 3.9-fold increase, respectively, relative to the controls. However, in the Kuroshio Extension region and the YS, the increases in maximum Chl a and cell abundance of large-sized phytoplankton following AM-dust addition were at most 1.3-fold and 1.7-fold larger than those in the controls, respectively. A net conversion efficiency index (NCEI) newly proposed in this study, size-fractionated Chl a, and the abundance of large-sized phytoplankton were analysed to determine which nutrients contribute to supporting phytoplankton growth. Our results demonstrate that a combination of nutrients, N–P or N + P + Fe, is responsible for phytoplankton growth in the subtropical gyre following AM-dust addition. Single nutrient addition, i.e., N in the Kuroshio Extension region and P or N in the YS, controls the phytoplankton growth following AM-dust addition. In the AM-dust-addition experiments, in which the increased N–P or P was identified to determine phytoplankton growth, the dissolved inorganic P from AM dust (8.6 nmol L−1) was much lower than the theoretically estimated minimum P demand (∼ 20 nmol L−1) for phytoplankton growth. These observations suggest that additional supply augments the bioavailable P stock in incubated seawater with AM-dust addition, most likely due to an enhanced solubility of P from AM dust or the remineralization of the dissolved organic P.
Improving the Strength of Sandy Soils via Ureolytic CaCO3 Solidification by Sporosarcina ureae
Authors: Whitaker Justin Michael , Vanapalli Sai , Fortin Danielle
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a biogeochemical process that can be applied to strengthen materials. The hydrolysis of urea by microbial catalysis to form carbonate is a commonly studied example of MICP. In this study, Sporosarcina ureae, a ureolytic organism, was compared to other ureolytic and non-ureolytic organisms of Bacillus and Sporosarcina in the assessment of its ability to produce carbonates by ureolytic MICP for ground reinforcement. It was found that S. ureae grew optimally in alkaline (pH ~ 9.0) conditions which favoured MICP and could degrade urea (30.28 U/mL) at levels similar to S. pasteurii (32.76 U/mL), the model ureolytic MICP organism. When cells of S. ureae were concentrated (OD600 ~ 15–20) and mixed with cementation medium containing 0.5 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) and urea into a model sand, repeated treatments (3 × 24 h) were able to improve the confined direct shear strength of samples from 15.77 kPa to as much as 135.8 kPa. This was more than any other organism observed in the study. Imaging of the reinforced samples with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the successful precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), organized as calcite, across sand particles by S. ureae. Treated samples were also tested experimentally according to model North American climatic conditions to understand the environmental durability of MICP. No significant (p
A hydroclimatological approach to predicting regional landslide probability using Landlab
Authors: Strauch Ronda , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , Nudurupati Sai Siddhartha , Bandaragoda Christina , Gasparini Nicole M. , Tucker Gregory E.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. We develop a hydroclimatological approach to the modeling of regional shallow landslide initiation that integrates spatial and temporal dimensions of parameter uncertainty to estimate an annual probability of landslide initiation based on Monte Carlo simulations. The physically based model couples the infinite-slope stability model with a steady-state subsurface flow representation and operates in a digital elevation model. Spatially distributed gridded data for soil properties and vegetation classification are used for parameter estimation of probability distributions that characterize model input uncertainty. Hydrologic forcing to the model is through annual maximum daily recharge to subsurface flow obtained from a macroscale hydrologic model. We demonstrate the model in a steep mountainous region in northern Washington, USA, over 2700 km2. The influence of soil depth on the probability of landslide initiation is investigated through comparisons among model output produced using three different soil depth scenarios reflecting the uncertainty of soil depth and its potential long-term variability. We found elevation-dependent patterns in probability of landslide initiation that showed the stabilizing effects of forests at low elevations, an increased landslide probability with forest decline at mid-elevations (1400 to 2400 m), and soil limitation and steep topographic controls at high alpine elevations and in post-glacial landscapes. These dominant controls manifest themselves in a bimodal distribution of spatial annual landslide probability. Model testing with limited observations revealed similarly moderate model confidence for the three hazard maps, suggesting suitable use as relative hazard products. The model is available as a component in Landlab, an open-source, Python-based landscape earth systems modeling environment, and is designed to be easily reproduced utilizing HydroShare cyberinfrastructure.
Unbound emotional geographies of youth transitions
Authors: Hörschelmann Kathrin
Published: February 2018

Abstract. This paper makes the case for greater consideration of unbound emotional geographies in research on youth transitions, based on the biographical narratives of young people interviewed as part of a qualitative research project on understandings of (in)security in the German city of Leipzig (2014–2015). The need for more holistic approaches to the complex temporalities and spatialities of transitioning in young people's everyday lives and across their life courses is identified and I propose developing such approaches partly on the basis of less bound understandings of emotion as an important medium through which boundaries are crossed, times and places intersect and both spatial intersections and boundary crossings are sensed and negotiated. The value of such an approach is demonstrated through empirical analysis of the accounts of young people from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds in Leipzig, focusing particularly on interpersonal conflicts and how young people negotiate the resulting emotions in different everyday and institutional contexts. The accounts of research participants in Leipzig show that interpersonal conflicts evoke emotions that reach well beyond localised settings and the present. They also require a significant amount of emotional work to be carried out across a range of everyday informal and institutionalised settings. An approach to emotions as unbound and embodied can help, it is argued here, to better understand how young people negotiate their social positioning across entangled sites and relations and to develop support structures that are more responsive to this entanglement.
Estimating time-dependent vegetation biases in the SMAP soil
moisture product
Authors: Zwieback Simon , Colliander Andreas , Cosh Michael H. , Martínez-Fernández José , McNairn Heather , Starks Patrick J. , Thibeault Marc , Berg Aaron
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Remotely sensed soil moisture products are influenced by vegetation and how it is accounted for in the retrieval, which is a potential source of time-variable biases. To estimate such complex, time-variable error structures from noisy data, we introduce a Bayesian extension to triple collocation in which the systematic errors and noise terms are not constant but vary with explanatory variables. We apply the technique to the SMAP soil moisture product over croplands, hypothesizing that errors in the vegetation correction during the retrieval leave a characteristic fingerprint in the soil moisture time series. We find that time-variable offsets and sensitivities are commonly associated with an imperfect vegetation correction. Especially the changes in sensitivity can be large, with seasonal variations of up to 40 %. Variations of this size impede the seasonal comparison of soil moisture dynamics and the detection of extreme events. Also, estimates of vegetation-hydrology coupling can be distorted, as the SMAP soil moisture has larger R2 values with a biomass proxy than the in-situ data, whereas noise alone would induce the opposite effect.We conclude that complex biases can be present in soil moisture products and that they should be accounted for in observational and modelling studies.
Multi-source global wetland mapping: combining surface water
imagery and groundwater constraints
Authors: Tootchi Ardalan , Jost Anne , Ducharne Agnès
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Wetlands are important players in the Earth climate system because of their effect on ecosystems, river discharge, water quality, and through their feedback effects on atmosphere by increasing methane emission and evapotranspiration. Many datasets have been developed for open water and wetland mapping, based on three main methods: (i) compiling national/regional wetland maps; (ii) identifying inundated areas by satellite imagery; (iii) delineating wetlands as areas with shallow water table depths. There is a massive disagreement, however, between the resulting wetland extent estimates (from 3 to 21 % of the land surface area). To reconcile these differences, we propose composite wetland (CW) maps consisting of two classes of wetlands: (1) regularly flooded wetlands (RFWs) which are obtained by overlapping selected open-water and inundation datasets, and cover 9.7 % of the land surface area; (2) scattered groundwater wetlands (SGWs), derived either from direct groundwater modelling or simplified modelling based on the topographic index (TI), using several variants. In this framework, wetlands are defined as zones that are either inundated or where the groundwater is sufficiently close to the surface to maintain near saturated soil surface. By combining RFW and different SGW maps, seven CW maps are generated, which correspond to contemporary potential wetlands, i.e. the areas that would turn into actual wetlands under the present climate assuming no human influence. They are produced at the 15 arc-sec resolution (almost 500 m at the Equator) using geographic information system (GIS) tools. Two CW maps, showing the best overall match with the available evaluation datasets, are eventually selected. Wetlands in these maps respectively cover 21.1 and 21.6 % of the global land area, which is in the high end of the literature range, along with recent estimates also recognizing the contribution of groundwater-driven wetlands. The two proposed composite maps agree massively about six major wetland hotspots, which include 75 % of the global wetlands, and concentrate in the boreal, tropical, and coastal zones. The high wetland density in the tropics is brought by the SGWs, which allows detecting wetlands under dense canopy and cloud cover. Another major feature of the two CW maps, brought by the SGWs and the high resolution of the maps, is the identification of many small and scattered wetlands, which cover less than 5 % of the land area, but are very important for hydrological and ecological functioning in temperate to arid areas. By distinguishing the RFWs and SGWs globally based on uniform principles, we eventually propose a simple wetland classification focused on hydrologic functioning, believed to be very useful for large-scale land surface modelling.
Tipping point analysis of ocean acoustic noise
Authors: Livina Valerie N. , Brouwer Albert , Harris Peter , Wang Lian , Sotirakopoulos Kostas , Robinson Stephen
Published: February 2018

Abstract. We apply tipping point analysis to a large record of ocean acoustic data to identify the main components of the acoustic dynamical system and study possible bifurcations and transitions of the system. The analysis is based on a statistical physics framework with stochastic modelling, where we represent the observed data as a composition of deterministic and stochastic components estimated from the data using time-series techniques. We analyse long-term and seasonal trends, system states and acoustic fluctuations to reconstruct a one-dimensional stochastic equation to approximate the acoustic dynamical system. We apply potential analysis to acoustic fluctuations and detect several changes in the system states in the past 14 years. These are most likely caused by climatic phenomena. We analyse trends in sound pressure level within different frequency bands and hypothesize a possible anthropogenic impact on the acoustic environment. The tipping point analysis framework provides insight into the structure of the acoustic data and helps identify its dynamic phenomena, correctly reproducing the probability distribution and scaling properties (power-law correlations) of the time series.
Decadal changes of surface elevation over permafrost area estimated using reflected GPS signals
Authors: Liu Lin , Larson Kristine M.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Conventional benchmark-based survey and Global Positioning System
(GPS) have been used to measure surface elevation changes over permafrost
areas, usually once or a few times a year. Here we use reflected GPS signals
to measure temporal changes of ground surface elevation due to dynamics of
the active layer and near-surface permafrost. Applying the GPS
interferometric reflectometry technique to the multipath signal-to-noise
ratio data collected by a continuously operating GPS receiver mounted deep in
permafrost in Barrow, Alaska, we can retrieve the vertical distance between
the antenna and reflecting surface. Using this unique kind of observables, we
obtain daily changes of surface elevation during July and August from 2004 to
2015. Our results show distinct temporal variations at three timescales:
regular thaw settlement within each summer, strong interannual variability
that is characterized by a sub-decadal subsidence trend followed by a brief
uplift trend, and a secular subsidence trend of
0.26 ± 0.02 cm year−1
during 2004 and 2015. This method provides a new way to fully utilize data
from continuously operating GPS sites in cold regions for studying dynamics
of the frozen ground consistently and sustainably over a long time.
MORPHOLOGY AND NANOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NR/SBR BLENDS
Authors: Klat Darja , Kępas-Suwara Anna , Lacayo-Pineda Jorge , Cook Stuart
Published: February 2018

Tire tread materials are generally blends of two or more rubbers, fillers, and other materials, resulting in a rubber compound with complex multiphase morphology. The bulk properties of these blends are influenced by morphology and microphase characteristics, hence the desire for techniques that can both discriminate between phases in a blend and provide quantitative information about their physical properties. The effect of polymer ratio and microstructure of SBR on blend morphology and nanomechanical mapping of unfilled NR/SBR blends will be discussed. With nanoindentation techniques available through the use of atomic force microscopy, nanomechanical properties are determined and compared with macroscopic values obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis.
Learning From Experience: The Oaklander Approach to Teaching Child Psychotherapists
Authors: Mortola Peter,
Published: February 2018

Gestalt therapy theory places great importance on the role of the client's authentic experience in the therapeutic process (Latner, 1973; Perls, Hefferline, & Goodman, 1951; Polster & Polster, 1973; Wheeler, 1991). Authentic experience is also considered central when Gestalt therapy theory is applied to educational settings (Brown, 1971; Woldt & Toman, 2005). Dr. Violet Oaklander, a prominent Gestalt-based child psychotherapist, author, and therapist teacher/mentor, places great importance on the role of authentic experience for adults in her two-week intensive summer program on how to work therapeutically with children and adolescents. The aspects and implications of her experiential approach to teaching adults are explored and analyzed in the article with emphasis placed on the ways in which her approach to adult education is both developmentally appropriate and cross culturally relevant.
Organizational Leadership Theory Has Arrived: Gestalt Theory Never Left
Authors: Frew Jon E.,
Published: February 2018

Since its introduction in the late 1940s in the U.S., the theory and practice of Gestalt therapy has been applied to and integrated with small group process and leadership and organizational development. There is a gap in the literature with respect to Gestalt therapy, theory, and practice and organizational leadership theory and practice. Organizational leadership models began with an emphasis on the leader and matured to include attention to the field. Although Gestalt therapy theory and practice has always been about the relationship between the individual and the field, its focus wandered in the 1960s and 1970s by becoming “leader-heavy.” Organizational leadership models have come to embrace the relational emphasis that Gestalt therapy has always embodied. Transformational leadership models in particular share much in common with Gestalt therapy and practice.
Some Roots of Group Work in Gestalt
Authors: Houston Gaie
Published: February 2018

Theory underlies or underpins all practice. Gestalt notoriously has no avowed theory of group behavior; nevertheless, theory is discernable in the way Gestalt training and therapy groups are managed. This article traces group theory from its possible primitive beginnings, through the often contradictory schools of European and United States thinkers and their relevance to Gestalt group and organizational work. It stresses the indivisibility of individual and group and thus, the political nature of all action. It also comments on the contexts of time and culture that alter the application of group theory.

My hope is that this short paper reminds you of some of the roots you can trace in your version of a Gestalt group. The root theories I speak of are probably major influences through many schools of psychotherapy. What is left out, what is added, becomes a telling comment not just on any practitioner, but on the changing zeitgeist from country to country and decade to decade.

Groups of different tasks and sizes work in different ways. Small groups have more occasions for intimacy. Large groups have more to do with power. All have a profound effect on the human psyche, and on how we exercise our competitive and our cooperative natures. The more understanding we have of that, the better our chances of making a polis, a society that functions for the good of the people in it. That is the wider application of counseling and therapy that perhaps needs to be more recognized.

I have done my best to stay with the underground, the buried roots, by hich I mean some that are many decades back and consequently, adapted or partially remembered or applied. In Serge Ginger's image, I trust that these roots are growing as Gestalt theory grows. And I will do my best to steer off very recent material.

In 1972, Paul Goodman wrote, “We exist mainly, though not altogether, in community relations. To be a private individual is largely pathological.” He did immediately add, “for a society to act as a collective is largely pathological” (1972, p. 65).
Greasing the Squeaky Wheel: A Gestalt Perspective to Problem Behavioral Patterns
Authors: Karp H. B.,
Published: February 2018

Problem behavioral patterns are seen much more as a set of learned behaviors and/or expectations of others than they are inborn traits and unconscious characteristics. The problem behavior pattern is presented as a default means to protect oneself from external threat, particularly during the process of coaching or counseling. Five categories of fixed Gestalt patterns are presented and characterized based on the individual's energy level or need for dominance. Perspectives and tactics, originating in the Gestalt theory base, are suggested for assisting coaches and counselors in dealing more effectively with each pattern.
The Practical Implementation of the Gestalt Cycle of Experience in Project Management
Authors: Bar-Yoseph Benjamin A., , Zwikael Ofer,
Published: February 2018

In spite of differences, the humanist and project management approaches to problem solving have a lot in common. This paper uses the Gestalt Cycle of Experience (COE) in an attempt to use the successful humanistic approach to improve project management processes. The paper demonstrates that both individual decision making and project management use similar processes. Hence, implementing the Gestalt blocks that identify barriers in the humanistic process involved in the project management process, may reduce the currently high percentage of project failures.
Working with Forgiveness in Gestalt Therapy
Authors: Harris Edwin S.,
Published: February 2018

In recent years, much has been written about forgiveness as a way to overcome the intense hurt and anger from physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; divorce; infidelity; and other past acts of betrayal. Although there is growing interest in forgiveness as a therapeutic issue, it is noteworthy that the Gestalt therapy literature has few references to forgiveness and how to work with forgiveness in therapy. This article first presents some ways to conceptualize forgiveness. Forgiveness is then viewed through the lenses of Gestalt theory and Jewish spiritual practice. Finally, through the integration of Gestalt methodology and Jewish spiritual practice, some ways to work with forgiveness in Gestalt therapy are presented and discussed.
Teaching Mindfulness to Children
Authors: Hooker Karen E., , Fodor Iris E.,
Published: February 2018

Mindfulness, which features focused awareness training, is increasing in popularity among mental health professionals. Mindfulness training emphasizes focused attention to internal and external experiences in the present moment of time, without judgment. While mindfulness interventions have been used in treatments for stress, chronic pain, anxiety, depression, borderline personality disorder, eating disorders, and addiction, researchers suggest that this type of training also can be beneficial in everyday life.

Most research and writing on mindfulness training has been about adults. In this paper, the authors argue for adapting mindfulness techniques for work with children. The authors propose that training in mindfulness has the potential to enhance children's attention and focus, and improve memory, self-acceptance, self-management skills, and self-understanding. Specific exercises to teach children to be mindful are presented in progression, beginning with awareness of the external environment, then awareness of the self in the environment, awareness of the body, and finally, mindfulness meditation exercises that feature attending to cognitive processes. Suggestions are made for incorporating mindfulness into school curricula.
An Early Gestalt Therapy Group Leader: A. Lincoln
Authors: Feder Bud,
Published: February 2018

Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president of the United States, created a cabinet composed mainly of rivals. His management and maintenance of this group has many similarities to the principles and practices of gestalt group process, and these will be elucidated upon with illustrative vignettes.

The greatness of Napoleon, Caesar or Washington is only moonlight by the sun of Lincoln. His example is universal and will last thousands of years.... He was bigger than his country—bigger than all the Presidents put together...and as a great character he will live as long as the world live [Tolstoy, 1909].
Commentary I: Applying Gestalt Theory to Coaching
Authors: Carr Ann Attayek
Published: February 2018

In his article, “Applying Gestalt Theory to Coaching,” Stuart N. Simon explores the work of coaching through the lens of Gestalt theory and principles with a primary focus on supporting awareness and contact with the client. Simon notes the importance of trust building in the coaching relationship. This commentary offers a deeper look into how we, as Gestalt coaches, use our own awareness and contact to create and maintain a trusting relational field with our clients.
Commentary II: Prologue: From the Radical Center: The Heart of Gestalt Therapy
Authors: Yontef Gary
Published: February 2018

The Polsters advocate a person-oriented vision of gestalt therapy that includes life context and history and recognition of various forms the self takes. They attempt a theoretical integration of various polarities and the gradations between poles. They explicate various concepts that have become clichés. I have agreed with much of what they are attempting in their theoretical analysis, but have objected to their using and creating non-process language that is not consistent with the basic gestalt therapy process, field and phenomenology theory.
Paradox: A Gestalt Theory of Change for Organizations
Authors: Stevenson Herb
Published: February 2018

Underlying the application of Gestalt theory to organization development, consulting, and/or coaching is an approach that Arnold Beisser, M.D., characterized in 1970 as the paradoxical theory of change, and Maurer (2003) later applied to organization development. This theory, which has become the foundation of Gestalt practice, flows from the primary premise that meaning is manifested through the differentiation, dissolution, and integration (i.e., a form of absorption) of polarities. This article seeks to provide an understanding of the theoretical concepts that underpin Gestalt change theory, which were implied by Perls, captured by Beisser, and expanded by Maurer with respect to Organizational Development.
Gestalt Therapy: Now and for Tomorrow
Authors: Levin Jay
Published: February 2018

Gestalt therapy introduced an epistemology to psychology that challenges the mechanistic, technical, and outcome-oriented approaches of scientism and globalization. Gestalt therapy is ready to articulate this epistemological and ontological shift from heroic utilitarianism to reverent hospitality. The Gestalt therapy concept of growth includes the ability of the organism to co-create (together with its environment) a place where organismic needs and the resources for life converge to provide a place of human habitation. By invoking a place of habitation or, in some instances, rehabilitation, Gestalt therapy offers more than mere cure. It is concerned with healing. Rehabilitation appeals to and summons up a place of belonging, a place to inhabit that represents home to each of us. There cannot be healing without rehabilitation, and there cannot be rehabilitation without healing. This process of journeying and dwelling, which is the activity of psychotherapy, is an invitation to sacred ground. A sick environment and community is just as debilitating for the person as a suffering soul. A healer for our times is required to care for the environment and the community by addressing a range of political and socio-economic issues such as globalization, as well as the transpersonal and spiritual interiority of people's souls.
Applying the Cape Cod Model© to Coaching
Authors: Simon Stuart N.
Published: February 2018

This article focuses on a particular Gestalt approach to coaching – the Cape Cod Model (CCM)© – as well as on those foundational principles necessary for understanding the application of the model to coaching. What any one person might mean by coaching is itself a moving target. Presently, the field of coaching encompasses life coaching, relationship coaching, success coaching, entrepreneurial coaching, and so on. In this article, the focus is on coaching within an organization. This may include employees at any level of the organization, insofar as a third-party stakeholder is paying to support individual and organizational success.
The Gestalt Model of Evolutionary Creative Process
Authors: Plagens Cameron M.
Published: February 2018

Technological changes have brought unprecedented challenges to our spiritual integrity. The Gestalt Model of Evolutionary Creative Process (GMECP) presented in this paper re-conceptualizes the Gestalt Cycle of Experience (COE) to support spiritual self-awareness and access to a spiritual intelligence rarely directly addressed in Gestalt practice, yet vital for meeting current challenges. Core precepts and concepts of the COE are retained, but the GMECP (1) incorporates the additional concepts of the Heart Center, Pre-Sense, and Void; and (2) re-conceptualizes the phase of Withdrawal as Pre-Closure. Using the GMECP (re) awakens people to intimate relationships with Self and with the Sacred, bringing heightened awareness of manifold ways of knowing and of resources for spiritual integrity and integrated presence.
Dialogue and Double Consciousness: Lessons in Power and Humility
Authors: Jacobs Lynne
Published: February 2018

Developing a double-consciousness as a therapist changes the nature of Gestalt therapy dialogue subtly. It means that the dialogue is always occurring between people who are raced, who are placed in specific locations regarding power, privilege, and oppression. This article focuses on encouraging white therapists to practice living with double-consciousness.
Men Making Meaning of Eating Disorders: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Leichtman Robin , Toman And Sarah
Published: February 2018

Assumptions that eating disorders are a female or gay disease need to be disputed to relay the reality that eating disorders are nondiscriminatory. The motivation to explore the experiences of men with eating disorders was to promote awareness and a safe path for men to seek treatment. This qualitative phenomenological study included the stories of six men, who provided the research data detailing their experiences of eating disorders. The findings suggest that a Gestalt therapy stance may be of benefit to those in recovery. They also support a phenomenological methodology as a useful approach for revealing content themes and meanings found in participants' stories.
Beyond the Miniatures: Using Gestalt Theory in Sandtray Processing
Authors: Timm Naomi , Garza Yvonne
Published: February 2018

Across the helping professions, sandtray has historically been used as a play-based intervention with children. As therapists expand sandtray work with a variety of populations and client issues, its power as a tool in healing is increasingly realized and growing in the literature. Our intent here is to underscore specific techniques used by the Gestalt therapist in processing tray work with adult clients. The emphasis is on how Gestalt methods are used to promote the client's deepening of self-awareness and integration of unknown or negated aspects of self.
Sexuality: Old Struggles and New Challenges
Authors: O'Shea Leanne
Published: February 2018

This paper begins by highlighting the degree to which the discussion of sexuality and its relationship to therapeutic practice has been absent, both from our literature and from our training programs. The paper then goes on to suggest that this “silence” may be attributable to a number of factors in the field, these being the way in which sexuality is understood in the wider cultural field, the history of sexual misconduct in psychotherapy generally, the place of sexuality in the founding of Gestalt, and the impact of shame in the experience of individuals. The paper then goes on to suggest a range of outcomes and learning conditions for a Gestalt therapy training program that might contribute to sexuality again becoming a vital component in the training and work of the Gestalt psychotherapist.
Empty Ground/Structured Ground: A Critique of Gordon Wheeler's Gestalt Reconsidered
Authors: Friedman Norman
Published: February 2018

This article questions Wheeler's claim that Perls and Goodman, in saying that the ground becomes empty when the figure is brightest during the contacting process, make no provision for the cumulative ongoingness of experience. Wheeler omits from his analysis any consideration of precisely those aspects of their writings where they in fact specify and emphasize continuity of experience, notably in their theory of Id–Ego–Personality–Self, most specifically explicated in (Perls, Hefferline, and Goodman [PHG], 1951), Part 3 of what is now Volume One, and also in Perls's writings before and after PHG. A balanced process-oriented view of both figure and ground therefore has to be the basis for future developments in the theory and practice of Gestalt therapy.
Diagnostics in Gestalt Therapy
Authors: Fuhr Reinhard , Gremmler-Fuhr Martina , Sreckovic Milan
Published: February 2018

Traditional diagnostics, we think, have to be amplified in the Gestalt therapeutic context by a concept that takes into account continuous recursive processes in a dialogue between therapist and client (system). Referring to the basic assumptions of Gestalt therapy as formulated by its founders (even if with some contradictions and incompatibilities) and the basic existential paradox of autonomy and interdependence of human beings, we characterize the diagnostic process, formulate basic principles for the clinical diagnostic process, and outline a structure of diagnostic dimensions, phenomena of the client, and examples of possible interventions.
Healing in Psychotherapy: Using Energy, Touch, and Imagery with Cancer Patients
Authors: Baker Frances S.
Published: February 2018

Within the past 10 years my practice has come to include a large number of patients suffering from cancer. I have found that these patients are often so debilitated by their treatments that they require support, not only mentally and emotionally, but also spiritually and physically as well. Traditional talk therapy blended with energy work, touch, and guided imagery offers the broad band of support that seriously ill patients require. In this paper I describe how I have joined principles and practices of energy healing, touch, and imagery with a Gestalt approach to psychotherapy. I explore and describe the compatibility of healing work and Gestalt practice. I discuss treatment design and include a case study and discussion.
A Relational Perspective on “Gestalt Therapy and the Phenomenological Method”
Authors: Meyer Kenneth
Published: February 2018

Van De Riet's paper recapitulates the arguments outlining the incompatibility of phenomenological reduction with field theory and then advocates for its continued usefulness as long as we recognize its limitations. This response focuses on two important goals accomplished by bracketing: (1) a non-normative definition of pathology and (2) a non-judgmental attitude on the part of the therapist, and then goes on to explore how these can also be accomplished in other ways within a relational, dialogic framework.
Effects of Gestalt Therapy Two-Chair Dialogue on Divorce Decision Making
Authors: Mackay Bea
Published: February 2018

Using Q-methodology, Mackay's (1995) study sought to find empirical support for the three-stage model of the Gestalt two-chair technique and the theory put forth by Greenberg (1979, 1983) and Greenberg, Rice, and Elliot (1993). A structured Q-sort was constructed using the factors of conflict resolution (CR) and the Gestalt concept of contact (C) in a 2×2 factorial design. Each factor was divided into two levels: CR—resolved versus unresolved and C—contact versus interruption of contact. The factors of CR and C were expected to interact before and after successful and unsuccessful therapy for decision making. Eight participants who were ambivalent about staying married performed the Q-sort before and after six sessions of therapy in which the two-chair technique was used as the primary intervention to facilitate their pre-decision making regarding their marriage. Moderate support was found for the three stages of the model: opposition, merging, and integration. When therapy was successful, the factors of CR and C interacted as predicted. When therapy was not successful, the factors of CR and C did not interact as predicted. The factors of CR and C did not interact for individuals who were experiencing a great deal of interruption of contact, indicating there is a possible prestage to the model.
Is Gestalt Therapy “Chemotherapy” without Knowing It?
Authors: Ginger Serge
Published: February 2018

Psychotherapists are often focused on psychological and psychosocial feelings and events, while most of our thoughts, feelings, and behavior are also conditioned by neurophysiological modifications and modifying them, day and night, in a kind of permanent systemic interrelations. This article presents basic knowledge about brain functioning, neurotransmitters, psychobiology of dreams, heredity, and more and underlines the importance of such updated knowledge for every psychotherapist, especially if he/she works with emotions and body involvement. Some simple examples are given of the implication of this weaving between body and mind in an ordinary Gestalt therapy session.
Connecting Strategic and Intimate Interactions: The Need for Balance
Authors: Nevis Sonia M. , Backman Stephanie , Nevis Edwin
Published: February 2018

To be fully effective as a couple, family, or work system, the presence is required of both intimate and strategic interactions. By moving in a rhythm from one to the other, there will be a balance or a “seamless braid.” Competent alliances can switch flexibly and appropriately from the intimate to the strategic and back again over time. Difficulties in human relationships may be the result of an imbalanced or inappropriate use of one or both sets of interactions.
Dual Relationships: A Gestalt Therapy Perspective
Authors: Feder Bud
Published: February 2018

After providing a brief history of changing approaches to dual relationships in Gestalt therapy, this paper develops a Gestalt therapy theoretical foundation for these types of involvements. After that, the author provides examples from his personal experience and discusses indications, contraindicated, cautions, and suggestions regarding selectivity.
The Fish Is in the Water and the Water Is in the Fish: A Perspective on the Context of Gay and Lesbian Relationships for Gestalt Therapists
Authors: Brockmon Carol
Published: February 2018

This article describes a particular perspective on working with lesbian couples. It includes the Cape Cod model of couple and family therapy, which is described; and holistic social, political, community, and family-of-origin perspectives on factors specific to gays and lesbians. It discusses the influence of those factors on the couples' lives and their therapists' praxis. It also includes a resource bibliography to help therapists educate themselves in this area.