bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A contribution to reducing bycatch in a high priority area for seabird conservation in Portugal
Authors: OLIVEIRA NUNO , ALMEIDA ANA , ALONSO HANY , CONSTANTINO EMANUEL , FERREIRA ANDRÉ , GUTIÉRREZ IVÁN , SANTOS ANA , SILVA ELISABETE , ANDRADE JOANA
Published: September 2020

Bycatch is one of the main threats to marine biodiversity, affecting ocean ecosystems at a worldwide scale. The main focus of bycatch studies has been on the impact of larger vessels, with few studies assessing the impact of artisanal fisheries. Moreover, bycatch studies are often limited to a small number of marine regions, and significant gaps still exist in our knowledge of the spatial and temporal patterns of seabird bycatch. Here we present a multi-approach method to accurately quantify seabird bycatch driven by small- and medium-sized fishing fleets operating in a high priority area for seabird conservation on the Portuguese mainland. Results of three mitigation measures to reduce seabird bycatch on fishing gear where seabird bycatch is most likely to occur were also tested: high contrast panels in bottom gillnets, black hooks in demersal longlines and a bird scaring device in purse seines. The efficacy, acceptance, and economic viability were tested for each mitigation measure. Sixty-seven individuals of seven seabird species were bycaught during 295 monitored fishing trips between 2015 and 2018. Bycatch occurred mainly in demersal longlines (0.07 birds fishing event-1), followed by purse seines (0.02 birds fishing event-1) and bottom gillnets (0.01 birds fishing event-1). Nevertheless, the bird scaring device caused birds to interact less with the vessel (the presence of gulls was reduced by 11%), thus decreasing the likelihood of bycatch. This device has proved to be low-cost (representing less than 5% income of a single day’s landings) and easy to implement, being also well accepted by purse seine fishermen. It was not possible to evaluate the efficacy of high contrast panels and black hooks, as no bycatch events were recorded during trials.
Perturbations of gut microbiota in gestational diabetes mellitus patients induce hyperglycemia in germ-free mice
Authors: Liu Yu , Qin Shengtang , Feng Ye , Song Yilin , Lv Na , Liu Fei , Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Shuxian , Wei Yumei , Li Shuang , Su Shiping , Zhang Wanyi , Xue Yong , Hao Yanan , Zhu Baoli , Ma Jingmei , Yang Huixia
Published: September 2020

Shifts in the maternal gut microbiota have been implicated in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Understanding the interaction between gut microbiota and host glucose metabolism will provide a new target of prediction and treatment. In this nested case-control study, we aimed to investigate the causal effects of gut microbiota from GDM patients on the glucose metabolism of germ-free (GF) mice. Stool and peripheral blood samples, as well as clinical information, were collected from 45 GDM patients and 45 healthy controls (matched by age and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI)) in the first and second trimester. Gut microbiota profiles were explored by next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and inflammatory factors in peripheral blood were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fecal samples from GDM and non-GDM donors were transferred to GF mice. The gut microbiota of women with GDM showed reduced richness, specifically decreased Bacteroides andAkkermansia, as well as increasedFaecalibacterium. The relative abundance ofAkkermansiawas negatively associated with blood glucose levels, and the relative abundance ofFaecalibacteriumwas positively related to inflammatory factor concentrations. The transfer of fecal microbiota from GDM and non-GDM donors to GF mice resulted in different gut microbiota colonization patterns, and hyperglycemia was induced in mice that received GDM donor microbiota. These results suggested that the shifting pattern of gut microbiota in GDM patients contributed to disease pathogenesis.
Regulation of dopamine-dependent transcription and cocaine action by Gadd45b
Authors: Zipperly Morgan E. , Sultan Faraz A. , Graham Guan-En , Brane Andrew C. , Simpkins Natalie A. , Carullo Nancy V. N. , Ianov Lara , Day Jeremy J.
Published: September 2020

Exposure to drugs of abuse produces robust transcriptional and epigenetic reorganization within brain reward circuits that outlives the direct effects of the drug and may contribute to addiction. DNA methylation is a covalent epigenetic modification that is altered following stimulant exposure and is critical for behavioral and physiological adaptations to drugs of abuse. Although activity-related loss of DNA methylation requires the Gadd45 (Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible) gene family, very little is known about how this family regulates activity within the nucleus accumbens or behavioral responses to drugs of abuse. Here, we combined genome-wide transcriptional profiling, pharmacological manipulations, electrophysiological measurements, and CRISPR tools with traditional knockout and behavioral approaches in rodent model systems to dissect the role of Gadd45b in dopamine-dependent epigenetic regulation and cocaine reward. We show that acute cocaine administration induces rapid upregulation of Gadd45b mRNA in the rat nucleus accumbens, and that knockout or site-specific CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockdown of Gadd45b blocks cocaine conditioned place preference. In vitro, dopamine treatment in primary striatal neurons increases Gadd45b mRNA expression through a dopamine receptor type 1 (DRD1)-dependent mechanism. Moreover, shRNA-induced Gadd45b knockdown decreases expression of genes involved in psychostimulant addiction, blocks induction of immediate early genes by DRD1 stimulation, and prevents DRD1-mediated changes in DNA methylation. Finally, we demonstrate that Gadd45b knockdown decreases striatal neuron action potential burst duration in vitro, without altering other electrophysiological characteristics. These results suggest that striatal Gadd45b functions as a dopamine-induced gene that is necessary for cocaine reward memory and DRD1-mediated transcriptional activity.
Frequency of mispackaging of Prochlorococcus DNA by cyanophage
Authors: Laurenceau Raphaël , Raho Nicolas , Forget Mathieu , Arellano Aldo A , Chisholm Sallie W
Published: September 2020

Prochlorococcus cells are the numerically dominant phototrophs in the open ocean. Cyanophages that infect them are a notable fraction of the total viral population in the euphotic zone, and, as vehicles of horizontal gene transfer, appear to drive their evolution. Here we examine the propensity of three cyanophages—a podovirus, a siphovirus, and a myovirus—to mispackage host DNA in their capsids while infecting Prochlorococcus, the first step in phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer. We find the mispackaging frequencies are distinctly different among the three phages. Myoviruses mispackage host DNA at low and seemingly fixed frequencies, while podo- and siphoviruses vary in their mispackaging frequencies by orders of magnitude depending on growth light intensity. We link this difference to the concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species and protein synthesis rates, both parameters increasing in response to higher light intensity. Based on our findings, we propose a model of mispackaging frequency determined by the imbalance between the production of capsids and the number of phage genome copies during infection: when protein synthesis rate increase to levels that the phage cannot regulate, they lead to an accumulation of empty capsids, in turn triggering more frequent host DNA mispackaging errors.
Proteome specialization of anaerobic fungi during ruminal degradation of recalcitrant plant fiber
Authors: Hagen Live H , Brooke Charles G , Shaw Claire A , Norbeck Angela D , Piao Hailan , Arntzen Magnus Ø , Olson Heather M , Copeland Alex , Isern Nancy , Shukla Anil , Roux Simon , Lombard Vincent , Henrissat Bernard , O’Malley Michelle A , Grigoriev Igor V , Tringe Susannah G , Mackie Roderick I , Pasa-Tolic Ljiljana , Pope Phillip B , Hess Matthias
Published: September 2020

The rumen harbors a complex microbial mixture of archaea, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi that efficiently breakdown plant biomass and its complex dietary carbohydrates into soluble sugars that can be fermented and subsequently converted into metabolites and nutrients utilized by the host animal. While rumen bacterial populations have been well documented, only a fraction of the rumen eukarya are taxonomically and functionally characterized, despite the recognition that they contribute to the cellulolytic phenotype of the rumen microbiota. To investigate how anaerobic fungi actively engage in digestion of recalcitrant fiber that is resistant to degradation, we resolved genome-centric metaproteome and metatranscriptome datasets generated from switchgrass samples incubated for 48 h in nylon bags within the rumen of cannulated dairy cows. Across a gene catalog covering anaerobic rumen bacteria, fungi and viruses, a significant portion of the detected proteins originated from fungal populations. Intriguingly, the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) profile suggested a domain-specific functional specialization, with bacterial populations primarily engaged in the degradation of hemicelluloses, whereas fungi were inferred to target recalcitrant cellulose structures via the detection of a number of endo- and exo-acting enzymes belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 5, 6, 8, and 48. Notably, members of the GH48 family were amongst the highest abundant CAZymes and detected representatives from this family also included dockerin domains that are associated with fungal cellulosomes. A eukaryote-selected metatranscriptome further reinforced the contribution of uncultured fungi in the ruminal degradation of recalcitrant fibers. These findings elucidate the intricate networks of in situ recalcitrant fiber deconstruction, and importantly, suggest that the anaerobic rumen fungi contribute a specific set of CAZymes that complement the enzyme repertoire provided by the specialized plant cell wall degrading rumen bacteria.
A mask R-CNN model for reidentifying extratropical cyclones based on quasi-supervised thought
Authors: Lu Chuhan , Kong Yang , Guan Zhaoyong
Published: September 2020

The applications of machine learning/deep learning (ML/DL) methods in meteorology have developed considerably in recent years. Massive amounts of meteorological data are conducive to improving the training effect and model performance of ML/DL, but the establishment of training datasets is often time consuming, especially in the context of supervised learning. In this paper, to identify the two-dimensional (2D) structures of extratropical cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere, a quasi-supervised reidentification method for extratropical cyclones is proposed. This method first uses a traditional automatic cyclone identification method to construct a trainable labeled dataset and then reidentifies extratropical cyclones in a quasi-supervised fashion by using a (pre-trained) Mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) model. In comparison, the new method increases the number of identified cyclones by 8.29%, effectively supplementing the traditional method. The newly recognized cyclones are mainly shallow or moderately deep subsynoptic-scale cyclones. However, a considerable portion of the new cyclones along the coastlines of the oceans are accompanied by strong winds. In addition, the Mask R-CNN model also shows good performance in identifying the horizontal structures of tropical cyclones. The quasi-supervised concept proposed in this paper may shed some light on accurate target identification in other research fields.
Microencapsulation of stearic acid with SiO2 shell as phase change material for potential energy storage
Authors: Ishak Shafiq , Mandal Soumen , Lee Han-Seung , Singh Jitendra Kumar
Published: September 2020

Stearic acid (SA) is being used as phase change material (PCM) in energy storage applications. In the present study, the microencapsulation of SA with SiO2shell was carried out by sol–gel method. Different amounts of SA (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50 g) were taken against 10 ml of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) for encapsulation. The synthesized microencapsulated PCM (MEPCM) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FT-IR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characterization results showed that SA was successfully encapsulated by SiO2. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) exhibited better thermal stability of the MEPCM than SA. The enthalpy values of MEPCM were found to be unchanged even after 30 heating–cooling cycles by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The latent heats of melting and solidification of 50 g SA containing MEPCM were found to be highest i.e. 182.53 J/g and 160.12 J/g, respectively among all microencapsulated samples. The encapsulation efficiency values were calculated using thermal data and the efficiency was found to be highest i.e. 86.68% in the same sample.
Label-free fluorometric detection of influenza viral RNA by strand displacement coupled with rolling circle amplification
Authors: Lee Hyobeen , Kim Dong-Min , Kim Dong-Eun
Published: September 2020

Label-free fluorometric detection of influenza viral RNA by strand displacement coupled with rolling circle amplification.
Modified nucleoside triphosphates in bacterial research for in vitro and live-cell applications
Authors: Espinasse Adeline , Lembke Hannah K. , Cao Angela A. , Carlson Erin E.
Published: September 2020

Modified nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are invaluable tools to probe bacterial enzymatic mechanisms, develop novel genetic material, and engineer drugs and proteins with new functionalities.
A coassembled peptide hydrogel boosts the radiosensitization of cisplatin
Authors: Wang Qian , Hou Xiaoxue , Gao Jie , Ren Chunhua , Guo Qingxiang , Fan Huirong , Liu Jinjian , Zhang Wenxue , Liu Jianfeng
Published: September 2020

The use of a novel coassembled peptide hydrogel enhanced the radiosensitization effect of cisplatin by increasing the number of Pt–DNA adducts, arresting the cell cycle, and promoting the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2.
Synthesis and applications of amino-functionalized carbon nanomaterials
Authors: Garrido Marina , Gualandi Lorenzo , Di Noja Simone , Filippini Giacomo , Bosi Susanna , Prato Maurizio
Published: September 2020

Herein, we discuss the role played and the opportunities offered by the introduction of amino groups onto CNM surfaces.
Surface immobilized copper(i) diimine photosensitizers as molecular probes for elucidating the effects of confinement at interfaces for solar energy conversion
Authors: Eberhart Michael S. , Phelan Brian T. , Niklas Jens , Sprague-Klein Emily A. , Kaphan David M. , Gosztola David J. , Chen Lin X. , Tiede David M. , Poluektov Oleg G. , Mulfort Karen L.
Published: September 2020

The ground- and excited-state properties of redox- and photo-active Cu(i) complexes immobilized in nanoporous AAO are responsive to pore diameter.
Quantum equilibration of the double-proton transfer in a model system porphine
Authors: Albareda Guillermo , Riera Arnau , González Miguel , Bofill Josep Maria , Moreira Iberio de P. R. , Valero Rosendo , Tavernelli Ivano
Published: September 2020

The equilibration of the double proton transfer in porphine is demonstrated using a model system Hamiltonian. This highly coherent process could be witnessed experimentally using state-of-the-art femtosecond spectroscopy.
Nature of hydrated proton vibrations revealed by nonlinear spectroscopy of acid water nanodroplets
Authors: Sofronov Oleksandr O. , Bakker Huib J.
Published: September 2020

Using polarization-resolved pump–probe spectroscopy we find that hydrated protons have two different OH-stretch vibrations, which are due to asymmetry of the hydration structure.
Antimonene nanosheets with enhanced electrochemical performance for energy storage applications
Authors: Mohamed Ismail M. , Vigneshwaran J. , Arunbalaji S. , Mani D. , Arivanandhan M. , Jose Sujin P. , Jayavel R.
Published: September 2020

The exfoliated 2D antimonene nanosheets obtained from bulk antimony crystals exhibited high electrochemical energy storage performance compared to ball milled antimony.
Determination of relative sensitivity factors of elements in a copper matrix by using microsecond-pulsed and continuous direct current glow discharge mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Jianying , Zhou Tao , Cui Yanjie , Tang Yichuan , Wu Bing
Published: September 2020

The relative sensitivity factors of 72 elements in microsecond-pulsed and continuous direct current (dc) modes were determined and compared by preparing the calibration samples by using Element GD type glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS).
Photonics in nature and bioinspired designs: sustainable approaches for a colourful world
Authors: Vaz Raquel , Frasco Manuela F. , Sales M. Goreti F.
Published: September 2020

Biological systems possess photonic nanoarchitectures that can modulate the flow of light. They inspire new approaches to incorporate structural colour into innovative devices with many applications, namely in health, and safety fields.
Computational investigations of NHC-backbone configurations for applications in organocatalytic umpolung reactions
Authors: Melancon Kortney M. , Cundari Thomas R.
Published: September 2020

Computational modeling and orbital analyses reveal enhanced catalytic properties based on N-heterocyclic carbene backbone modifications.
Photoredox-catalyzed halotrifluoromethylations of alkynes with triethylammonium halides: synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkenes containing CF3 and halogens
Authors: Lee Woori , Lee Yeonhee , Yoo Minjin , Han Soo Bong , Kim Hyun Jin
Published: September 2020

The introduction of F- and CF3-groups into alkynes is enabled by photocatalysis under mild conditions. The developed method can be extended to providing chloro- and bromotrifluoromethylated alkynes and bioactive compounds functionalization.
Rhenium-catalyzed alkylarylation of alkenes with PhI(O2CR)2via decarboxylation to access indolinones and dihydroquinolinones
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Yin , Yang Yunhui , Zhang Ping , Wang Congyang
Published: September 2020

Rhenium-catalyzed alkylarylation of alkenes with hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents (HIRs) via decarboxylation to access various 3,3-disubstituted indolinones and trans-3,4-dihydroquinolinones is described.
Elucidating hydrogen storage properties of two-dimensional siligraphene (SiC8) monolayers upon selected metal decoration
Authors: Anikina Ekaterina , Hussain Tanveer , Beskachko Valery , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: September 2020

DFT investigation of hydrogen (H2) adsorption on pristine and light metal decorated siligraphene SiC8 showed that Ca@SiC8 and Li@SiC8 have promising thermodynamic properties and H2 uptake, which surpasses the U.S. Department of Energy's 2025 goal.
Understanding the effect of H2O on CO2adsorption capture: mechanism explanation, quantitative approach and application
Authors: Zhao Jie , Deng Shuai , Zhao Li , Yuan Xiangzhou , Du Zhenyu , Li Shuangjun , Chen Lijin , Wu Kailong
Published: September 2020

Competitive adsorption behavior of CO2and H2O on MFI according to the Gibbs free adsorption energy.
Effects of sea water pH on marine mussel plaque maturation
Authors: Bernstein Justin H. , Filippidi Emmanouela , Herbert Waite J. , Valentine Megan T.
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate that the pH increase caused by rapid equilibration with sea water just after deposition is critical to the formation of internal microstructures and the mechanical performance of marine mussel plaques.
Structural, mechanical, and biological characterization of hierarchical nanofibrous Fmoc-phenylalanine-valine hydrogels for 3D culture of differentiated and mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Najafi Haniyeh , Tamaddon Ali Mohammad , Abolmaali Samira , Borandeh Sedigheh , Azarpira Negar
Published: September 2020

A shear-thinning Fmoc-phenylalanine-valine hydrogel exhibits cell type-dependent proliferative activity.
Physical and dynamical characterization of the Euphrosyne asteroid family
Authors: Yang B. , Hanuš J. , Brož M. , Chrenko O. , Willman M. , Ševeček P. , Masiero J. , Kaluna H.
Published: September 2020

Aims. The Euphrosyne asteroid family occupies a unique zone in orbital element space around 3.15 au and may be an important source of the low-albedo near-Earth objects. The parent body of this family may have been one of the planetesimals that delivered water and organic materials onto the growing terrestrial planets. We aim to characterize the compositional properties as well as the dynamical properties of the family.

Methods. We performed a systematic study to characterize the physical properties of the Euphrosyne family members via low-resolution spectroscopy using the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. In addition, we performed smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations and N-body simulations to investigate the collisional origin, determine a realistic velocity field, study the orbital evolution, and constrain the age of the Euphrosyne family.

Results. Our spectroscopy survey shows that the family members exhibit a tight taxonomic distribution, suggesting a homogeneous composition of the parent body. Our SPH simulations are consistent with the Euphrosyne family having formed via a reaccumulation process instead of a cratering event. Finally, our N-body simulations indicate that the age of the family is 280−80+180 Myr, which is younger than previous estimates.
Control of inherited accreted lithospheric heterogeneity on the architecture and the low, long-term subsidence rate of intracratonic basins
Authors: Perron Paul , Le Pourhiet Laetitia , Guiraud Michel , Vennin Emmanuelle , Moretti Isabelle , Portier Éric , Konaté Moussa
Published: September 2020

Intracratonic basins tend to subside much longer than the timescale predicted by thermal relaxation of the lithosphere. Many hypotheses have been suggested to explain their longevity, yet few have been tested using quantitative thermo-mechanical numerical models, which capture the dynamic of the lithosphere. Lithospheric-scale geodynamic modelling preserving the tectono-stratigraphic architecture of these basins is challenging because they display only few kilometres of subsidence over 1000 of km during time periods exceeding 250 Myr. Here we present simulations that are designed to examine the relative role of thermal anomaly, tectonics and heterogeneity of the lithosphere on the dynamics of intracratonic basins. Our results demonstrate that initial heterogeneity of accretionary continental lithosphere explains long-term subsidence and the arches-basins architecture of Saharan type intracratonic basins at first order. The simulations show that initially heterogeneous lithospheres inherited from accretion are strong enough to resist local isostatic re-equilibration for very long period of time. Indeed, the lateral density variations store potential gravitational energy that is then slowly dissipated by differential erosion and slow vertical movements. For relatively well-accepted coefficient of erosion of 10−6 m2/s, the subsidence last longer than 250 Myr. Extensional tectonic forcing and thermal anomalies both result in an effective strength drop of the lithosphere, which allows a temporal acceleration of local isostatic re-equilibration. Periodic changes in far field tectonic forcing from extension to compression complicate the tectono-stratigraphic architecture (intra-basin arches, sub-basins) introducing stratigraphic unconformities between different neighbouring basins such as the ones observed in North Africa.
Untersuchungen zu Einflussfaktoren auf die Influenza-Impfraten bei Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung
Authors: Fischer B. C. , Schulz K.-T. , Wiemann M. , Lücke E. , Schreiber J.
Published: September 2020

Hintergrund Bei niedrigen Influenza-Impfraten unter chronisch Kranken sollen Ansätze zu deren Steigerung unter Risikopatienten mit chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD) aufgedeckt werden.

Methoden 120 COPD-Patienten aus Magdeburg füllten einen Fragebogen mit selbst erstellten Fragen und etablierten Skalen aus und wurden bez. des Influenza-Impfstatus 2015/2016 bzw. 2016/2017 analysiert. Geimpfte und Ungeimpfte wurden in sozioepidemiologischen Faktoren, Komponenten des Modells gesundheitlicher Überzeugungen, Selbstwirksamkeit (GESIS-ASKU), Angst/Depressionen (HADS-D) und Krankheitsverarbeitung (FKV-LIS) verglichen.

Ergebnisse 62.5 % (n = 75) waren geimpft, 31.7 % (n = 38) ungeimpft, 5.8 % (n = 7) machten keine Angabe. Bei über/gleich 60-Jährigen waren 76 %, bei unter 60-Jährigen 42 % geimpft. 60 % (n = 72) zählten sich zur Risikogruppe. Ungeimpfte gaben stärker Sorgen vor Nebenwirkungen der Impfung an (p = .004) und zogen eine schlechtere Nutzen-Aufwand-Bilanz (p = .001). Ungeimpfte zeigten sich häufiger unsicher bez. des Impfschutzes und der Erkrankungsschwere der Influenza (p ≤ .001). Geimpfte hatten eine hohe Motivation, selbst an die Impfung zu denken, und häufiger eine positive Impfhistorie (p = .001). Die Impfempfehlung erfolgte häufiger durch Hausärzte als durch Pneumologen. Bei COPD-Patienten zeigte sich eine niedrigere Selbstwirksamkeit als in der Referenzgruppe der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung (p = .000), Geimpfte und Ungeimpfte unterschieden sich nicht (p = .418). Kein Unterschied zwischen Geimpften und Ungeimpften zeigte sich in der Krankheitsverarbeitung und in Depressivität und Angst, Ungeimpfte gaben jedoch tendenziell höhere Angstwerte an.

Schlussfolgerung Maßnahmen sollten insbesondere auf unter 60-jährige COPD-Patienten mit negativer Impfhistorie abzielen und diese als Risikopatienten sensibilisieren. Verbreitete Unsicherheiten zur Erkrankungsschwere der Influenza sowie zum Impf-Schutz sollten angegangen werden. Es sollte vermittelt werden, dass die Influenzaimpfung nicht zur Exazerbation führt. Die Impfempfehlung sollte verstärkt durch Pneumologen erfolgen.
Plantare Fasziopathie – zurück zum Geländelauf
Authors: Neubauer Michaela
Published: September 2020

Ein passionierter Geländeläufer hat die Lust am Laufen verloren, da ihn starke Schmerzen an der Fußsohle und Ferse plagen. Schonen scheint das Problem nicht zu lösen. Um aus der Abwärtsspirale herauszukommen, braucht es vielmehr eine individuelle langsame, aber stetige Steigerung der Belastbarkeit.
Evidenzbasierte Kriterien zur (provisorischen) Diagnose bei LBP
Authors: Vielitz Arne
Published: September 2020

Vining RD, Shannon ZK, Minkalis AL et al. Current Evidence for Diagnosis of Common Conditions Causing Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Standardized Terminology Recommendations. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2019; 42: 651–664. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.08.002
Bei Patienten mit Migräne sind Medikamente oft ein wichtiger Auslöser
Authors: Vielitz Arne
Published: September 2020

Diener HC, Antonaci F, Braschinsky M et al. European Academy of Neurology Guideline on the Management of Medication-Overuse Headache. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27: 1102–1116. doi: 10.1111/ene.14268
Seltene Differenzialdiagnose einer Belastungsdyspnoe
Authors: Albrecht S. , Taube C. , Aigner C. , Theegarten D.
Published: September 2020

Die Abklärung der Belastungsdyspnoe stellt eine wichtige und differenzialdiagnostisch vielfältige Aufgabe des Pneumologen dar. Wir berichten von einer zum Zeitpunkt der Erstvorstellung 70-jährigen Patientin mit einem nahezu den kompletten linken Hemithorax ausfüllenden Tumor. Histologisch konnte ein solitäres Pleurafibrom diagnostiziert werden.
A Prospective Study of Posterior (Transpedicular) Approach versus Anterior (Transthoracic/Thoracoabdominal) Approach for Posttraumatic Compression Fracture of Thoracolumbar Vertebra in a Tertiary Care Center: Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes
Authors: Varshney Rahul , Datta Parthasarathi , Deb Pulak , Ghosh Santanu
Published: September 2020

Objective The aim of this article was to analyze the clinical and radiological outcomes of transpedicular decompression (posterior approach) and anterolateral approach in patients with traumatic thoracolumbar spinal injuries.

Materials and Methods It was a prospective study of patients with fractures of dorsolumbar spine from December 2011 to December 2013. A total of 60 patients with traumatic spinal injuries were admitted during the study period (December 2011–2013), of which 51 cases were finally selected and taken for operations while 3 were eventually lost in follow-up. Twenty patients were operated by anterolateral approach, titanium mesh cage, and fixation with bicortical screws. Twenty-eight patients were treated with posterior approach and transpedicular screw fixation. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed on all 48 patients before and after surgery.

Results There were 48 patients of thoracolumbar burst fractures with 40 male and 8 female patients. Range of follow-up was from 1 month to 20 months, with a mean of 7.4. Preoperatively in anterior group, 65% of the patients were bed ridden, 20% patients were able to walk with support, and 15% of the patients were able to walk without support. In posterior group, 78.57% patients were bed ridden, 10.71% were able to walk with support, and 10.71% patients were able to walk without support. Kyphotic angle changes were seen in 16 patients out of 18 in anterior group and 20 patients in posterior group out of 25. Out of 18 patients in anterior group, 14 showed reduction in kyphotic angle of 10 to 100 (improvement), with mean improvement of 4.070. In posterior group, 7 patients showed improvement of 10 to 80 (reduction in kyphotic angle) whereas 13 patients showed deterioration of 1 to 120. The mean improvement was 2.140 in 7 patients and mean deterioration was 4.920. No statistical difference was found (p > 0.05) regarding improvement in urinary incontinence during the follow-up period.

Conclusion There are significant differences in anterior and posterior approaches in terms of clinical improvement. Compared with posterior approach, the anterolateral approach can reduce fusion segment and well maintain the kyphosis correction. The selection of treatment should be based on clinical and radiological findings, including neurological deficit.
An analysis of hollow-core fiber for applications in coherent femtosecond spectroscopies
Authors: Palato Samuel , Seiler Hélène , Baker Harry , Sonnichsen Colin , Zifkin Rigel , McGowan Joseph , Kambhampati Patanjali
Published: September 2020

We report on the performance of Ar-filled hollow-core fibers (HCFs) capillary driven by long pulses (>100fs) of moderate energy (<600μJ) for coherent multidimensional spectroscopy in the visible range. The source is characterized by high overall transmission and excellent spatial mode. Broadening is achieved by self-phase modulation. Notably, the uncompressed visible output is shorter than the input pulse. This peculiar observation is explained by the structure of self-phase modulated pulses, coupled with spectral filtering. By virtue of its simplicity, low requirements, spectral stability, and the excellent properties of its spatial output, HCFs can provide an interesting alternative to achieve broadband visible pulses for broadband optical excitation and multidimensional spectroscopy applications.
Electrocaloric multilayer capacitors on the base of lead magnesium niobate–lead scandium niobate
Authors: Smirnova E. P. , Sotnikova G. Yu. , Zaitseva N. V. , Senkevich S. V. , Sotnikov A. V. , Gavrilov G. A.
Published: September 2020

Electrocaloric and pyroelectric effects of the relaxor 0.55Pb-Mg1/3Nb2/3O3–0.45PbSc1/2Nb1/2O3 (PMN–PSN) bulk and multilayer ceramic (MLC) structures in their connection with the microstructure are reported. The electrocaloric measurements were performed using the mid-infrared radiation (MIR) technique developed and introduced by the authors. The comparison of the electrocaloric temperature change δТ and pyroelectric coefficient p vs temperature dependences of bulk and MLC samples shows a large difference in their temperature behavior. It is shown that significant smearing of these dependences is determined by the microstructure (grain size and grain size distribution) of both bulk and MLC samples. The predicted cooling power of the PMN–PSN MLC can reach Qmax = 1370 mW with reasonable MLC geometry (the number of layers n = 200, the effective length of L = 3.3 mm) and taking into account experimentally obtained δТ = 1.2 °C at a relatively low electric field of 68 kV/cm. Both large values for δТ at ambient temperatures and the estimated cooling power characterize the PMN–PSN MLC as a promising unit for electrocaloric cooling devices.
Rethinking the magnetic properties of lepidocrocite: A density functional theory and cluster expansion study
Authors: Pope Daniel J. , Clark Aurora E. , Rosso Kevin M. , Prange Micah P.
Published: September 2020

The iron oxy-hydroxide lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) is an abundant mineral critical to a number of chemical and technological applications. Of particular interest are the ground state and finite temperature magnetic order and the subsequent impact this has upon crystal properties. The magnetic properties investigated in this work are governed primarily through superexchange interactions and have been calculated using density functional theory and cluster expansion methods. Quantification of these exchange terms has facilitated the determination of the ground state magneto-crystalline structure and subsequent calculation of its lattice constants, elastic moduli, cohesive enthalpy, and electronic density of states. Based upon the morphology and coupling constants, the Heisenberg quasi-1D spin 1/2 AFM chain model is justified. The resulting magnetic heat capacity vs temperature has been studied and the Néel temperature is obtained and in good agreement with experimental values. This resolves a long-standing discrepancy between the experimentally measured behavior and what might be expected from this class of mineral.
Amorphous photonic structures with high reflective index based on incorporating Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell colloidal nanoparticles into silica nanospheres
Authors: Jiang Yi fan , Zheng Ang , Zheng Shu jian , Liu Wu ming , Zhuang Lin
Published: September 2020

Amorphous photonic structures (APSs) with non-iridescent, non-fading, vivid structural colors have attracted great attention in several fields. Tremendous efforts have been dedicated to developing the effective and low-cost approaches for APSs with full-color displays. Resulting from the isotropic photonic pseudogap, APSs have non-iridescent structural colors. We demonstrate that incorporating Fe3O4@SiO2 black nanoparticles into the interspace of the periodically arranged SiO2 white nanospheres can synthesize APSs with different colors. The addition of Fe3O4@SiO2 black nanoparticles can enhance the saturation of the non-iridescent structural colors of the APSs by reducing the incoherent scattering in the visible spectrum. In this case, different non-iridescent colors originate from the different diameters of the SiO2 white nanospheres, and we obtained red, orange, yellow, green, and purple APSs with high reflective index successfully. The APSs with different colors may have potential applications in coatings, cosmetics, textiles, and displays. Moreover, as we use Fe3O4@SiO2 as the additive, APSs can be recycled through its magnetic property.
The molecular electronic structure revealed by the magnetically induced Lorentz force density
Authors: Monaco Guglielmo , Zanasi Riccardo
Published: September 2020

The energy change occurring by perturbing a closed-shell molecule, either fixed in space or randomly tumbling, by a uniform external magnetic field has been expressed in terms of the magnetically induced Lorentz force density, which, at difference with previously introduced energy-based quantities, is independent of the point-of-view. The divergence of the isotropically averaged magnetically induced Lorentz force density allows for a local definition of diamagnetic and paramagnetic responses and enables us to distinguish aromatic, antiaromatic, and non-aromatic molecules, as shown by calculations on benzene, cyclooctatetraene, and borazine. The isotropically averaged magnetically induced Lorentz force density turns out very similar to the gradient of the electron density. This similarity is justified in terms of the current knowledge on the current density. A way is opened for an insightful and simplified topological characterization of molecular electronic structure via the magnetic response.
Tannin-rich forage as a methane mitigation strategy for cattle and the implications for rumen microbiota
Authors: Fagundes Gisele M. , Benetel Gabriela , Carriero Mateus M. , Sousa Ricardo L. M. , Muir James P. , Macedo Robert O. , Bueno Ives C. S.
Published: September 2020

Context
Methane from ruminant livestock systems contributes to the greenhouse effect on the environment, which justifies the adoption of novel feed strategies that mitigate enteric emissions.

Aims
We investigated the effects of the condensed tannin (CT)-rich legumes Flemingia macrophylla, Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Gliricidia sepium, Cratylia argentea, Cajanus cajan, Desmodium ovalifolium, Macrotyloma axillare, Desmodium paniculatum and Lespedeza procumbens on in vitro methane emissions and rumen microbiota for beef cattle.

Methods
Four rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle grazing a tropical grass pasture were used as inoculum donors.

Key results
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the abundance of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, methanogenic archaea and protozoa populations were reduced (P £ 0.05), whereas total ruminal bacteria were enhanced in the presence of CT. Our study also revealed a positive (P £ 0.05) relationship between CT and Fibrobacter succinogenes abundance. Reactive CT from L. leucocephala, D. paniculatum and L. procumbens resulted in decreased (P £ 0.05) isoacid content and methane production.

Conclusions
L. leucocephala, D. paniculatum and L. procumbens have the potential to suppress rumen methanogenesis. However, in vitro fermentation of L. leucocephala resulted in greater (P £ 0.05) degradability percentages than the other two species.

Implications
CT in legume species will have potential as part of an overall nutritional strategy to manipulate rumen microbiota and mitigate enteric methanogenesis in livestock production systems.
An Early Decree of Nādir Shāh Concerning
the vaqf of Ardabil
Authors: Barati András
Published: September 2020

The article examines a hitherto unstudied
document containing the earliest decree of Nādir
Shāh (1736–47) and the petition of Muḥammad Ṣafī
Ṣafavī, mutavallī of the pious endowments of
Ardabil. The first part of the paper provides the
transliteration and translation of this document,
and the second part offers a short historical
outline of the respective period and commentaries
on the content and diplomatics. Through the lens
of the document, the article aims to address the
set of circumstances and prevalent issues in the
administration of the vaqf during these
historically turbulent years. Furthermore, from
the viewpoint of diplomatics, unique insight can
be gained into the distinctive features of Nādir’s
early documents.
Social Psychology and COVID-19: Monographic issue of the International Journal of Social Psychology (La Psicología Social ante el COVID-19: Número monográfico del International Journal of Social Psychology) ((La PsicologÃa Social ante el COVID-19: NÃ°mero monogrÃ¡fico del International Journal of Social Psychology))
Authors: Moya Miguel , Willis Guillermo B.
Published: September 2020

This monograph presents 10 theoretical articles on the ways that social psychology can — potentially — help cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the articles discuss: (a) how different theoretical models can be used to better understand the pandemic, its consequences and how to cope with them; (b) the importance of considering variables like social class or gender when examining the causes and consequences of the pandemic; (c) the challenges and research questions that could be addressed from any of the spheres of application of social psychology, such as environmental psychology, organizational psychology and community social psychology.
A novel herbivorous wood-borer insect outbreak triggers die-offs of a foundation plant species in coastal ecosystems
Authors: Ning Zhonghua , Chen Cong , Xie Tian , Wang Qing , Ma Xu , Sui Haochen , Cui Baoshan
Published: September 2020

Introduction:Understanding the trophic interactions between plants and herbivorous insects is essential for managing the ecosystem health and sustainability in the context of climate change and anthropogenic disturbance. The
Tamarix chinensis
is a foundation plant species of salt marshes in northern China, which provides a variety of ecological functions and services in coastal ecosystems such as withstanding storm tide, conserving biodiversity, and preventing shoreline erosion. Outcomes: However, through long-term field observations, for the first time, we found that the health of this population has been suffering from the potential outbreak of a novel wood-borer insect (
Zeuzera leuconotum Butler
) under multiple stresses, contributing substantially to the degradation of the coastal salt marshes. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, there is urgent need and great significance to investigate the potential impact of this herbivorous wood-borer insects on health and sustainability of plant community in coastal ecosystems for in-depth understanding its degradation mechanisms.
Neutrophil extracellular traps infiltrate the lung airway, interstitial, and vascular compartments in severe COVID-19
Authors: Radermecker Coraline , Detrembleur Nancy , Guiot Julien , Cavalier Etienne , Henket Monique , d’Emal Céline , Vanwinge Céline , Cataldo Didier , Oury Cécile , Delvenne Philippe , Marichal Thomas
Published: September 2020

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is causing a deadly and pandemic disease called coronavirus disease–19 (COVID-19). While SARS-CoV-2–triggered hyperinflammatory tissue-damaging and immunothrombotic responses are thought to be major causes of respiratory failure and death, how they relate to lung immunopathological changes remains unclear. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can contribute to inflammation-associated lung damage, thrombosis, and fibrosis. However, whether NETs infiltrate particular compartments in severe COVID-19 lungs remains to be clarified. Here we analyzed postmortem lung specimens from four patients who succumbed to COVID-19 and four patients who died from a COVID-19–unrelated cause. We report the presence of NETs in the lungs of each COVID-19 patient. NETs were found in the airway compartment and neutrophil-rich inflammatory areas of the interstitium, while NET-prone primed neutrophils were present in arteriolar microthrombi. Our results support the hypothesis that NETs may represent drivers of severe pulmonary complications of COVID-19 and suggest that NET-targeting approaches could be considered for the treatment of uncontrolled tissue-damaging and thrombotic responses in COVID-19.
Significantly Improving the Escape Time of a Single 40Ca+ Ion in a Linear Paul Trap by Fast Switching of the Endcap Voltage
Authors: Zhou Peng-Peng , Chen Shao-Long , Liang Shi-Yong , Sun Wei , Sun Huan-Yao , Huang Yao , Guan Hua , Gao Ke-Lin
Published: September 2020

Sympathetic cooling is a method used to lower the kinetic energy of ions with complicated energy-level structures, via Coulomb interactions with laser-cooled ions in an ion trap. The ion to be sympathetically cooled is sometimes prepared outside of the trap, and it is critical to introduce this ion into the trap by temporarily lowering the potential of one endcap without allowing the coolant ion to escape. We study the time required for a laser-cooled ion to escape from a linear Paul trap when the voltage of one endcap is lowered. The escape time is on the order of a few microseconds, and varies significantly when the low-level voltage changes. A re-cooling time of a maximum of 13 s was measured, which can be reduced to approximately one hundred of milliseconds by decreasing the duration of the low-level voltage. The measurement of these critical values lays the foundation for the smooth injection and cooling of the ion to be sympathetically cooled.
Performance Enhancement of AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs Realized via Supercritical Nitridation Technology
Authors: Liu Meihua , Huang Zhangwei , Chang Kuanchang , Lin Xinnan , Li Lei , Jin Yufeng
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes a method of repairing interface defects by supercritical nitridation technology, in order to suppress the threshold voltage shift of AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs). We find that supercritical NH3 fluid has the characteristics of both liquid NH3 and gaseous NH3 simultaneously, i.e., high penetration and high solubility, which penetrate the packaging of MIS-HEMTs. In addition,

NH

2
−

produced via the auto coupling ionization of NH3 has strong nucleophilic ability, and is able to fill nitrogen vacancies near the GaN surface created by high temperature processes. After supercritical fluid treatment, the threshold voltage shift is reduced from 1 V to 0 V, and the interface trap density is reduced by two orders of magnitude. The results show that the threshold voltage shift of MIS-HEMTs can be effectively suppressed by means of supercritical nitridation technology.
A New Quasi-One-Dimensional Ternary Molybdenum Pnictide Rb2Mo3As3 with Superconducting Transition at 10.5K
Authors: Zhao Kang , Mu Qing-Ge , Ruan Bin-Bin , Zhou Meng-Hu , Yang Qing-Song , Liu Tong , Pan Bo-Jin , Zhang Shuai , Chen Gen-Fu , Ren Zhi-An
Published: September 2020

We report superconductivity in a new ternary molybdenum pnictide Rb2Mo3As3, synthesized via the solid state reaction method. Powder x-ray diffraction analysis reveals a hexagonal crystal structure with space group

P

6
¯

m
2

(No. 187), and the refined lattice parameters are a = 10.431(5) Å, c = 4.460(4) Å. SEM images show rod-like grains with good ductility, confirming a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) structure. Electrical resistivity and dc magnetic susceptibility characterizations exhibit superconductivity with an onset of T
c = 10.5 K. The upper critical field of Rb2Mo3As3 is estimated to be 28.2T at zero temperature, providing an evidence of possible unconventional superconductivity. Our recent discovery of MoAs-based superconductors above 10 K provides a unique platform for the study of exotic superconductivity in 4d electron systems with Q1D crystal structures.
Room-Temperature Processed Amorphous ZnRhCuO Thin Films with p-Type Transistor and Gas-Sensor Behaviors
Authors: Lu Bojing , Liu Rumin , Li Siqin , Lu Rongkai , Chen Lingxiang , Ye Zhizhen , Lu Jianguo
Published: September 2020

We examine an amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) of ZnRhCuO. The a-ZnRhCuO films are deposited at room temperature, having a high amorphous quality with smooth surface, uniform thickness and evenly distributed elements, as well as a high visible transmittance above 87% with a wide bandgap of 3.12 eV. Using a-ZnRhCuO films as active layers, thin-film transistors (TFTs) and gas sensors are fabricated. The TFT behaviors demonstrate the p-type nature of a-ZnRhCuO channel, with an on-to-off current ratio of ∼ 1 × 103 and field-effect mobility of 0.079 cm2V–1s–1. The behaviors of gas sensors also prove that the a-ZnRhCuO films are of p-type conductivity. Our achievements relating to p-type a-ZnRhCuO films at room temperature with TFT devices may pave the way to practical applications of AOSs in transparent flexible electronics.