bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elementos de composição de origem grega na construção de neônimos e neologismos do português brasileiro contemprâneo
Authors: Alves Ieda Maria
Published: May 2022

This work focuses on some characteristics of neology in contemporary Brazilian Portuguese, in relation to the general, everyday language, in which the use of compositional elements of Greek origin, used as neonyms in specialized texts, is observed. Speakers, in their new naming needs, seek for different forms of expression, recycling elements already present in the language and giving them new meanings. An example of this search for new forms is attested by the use of Greek compositional elements, which start to come up in non-scientific contexts, in formations in which they acquire a new meaning, partially different from the original meaning. In this study, we focus especially on the mega-, giga-, micro- and nano compositional elements, SI (International System of Units) prefixes, and their uses in the construction of neological lexical units in non-specialized texts. In this new use, they are partially deprived of their respective meanings of origin and start to act as neologisms.

Este trabalho enfoca algumas características da neologia no português brasileiro contemporâneo, relativamente à língua geral, cotidiana, em que se está observando o emprego de elementos de composição de origem grega, empregados como neônimos em textos de especialidade. Os falantes, em suas novas necessidades de nomeação, buscam diferentes formas de expressão, reciclando elementos já utilizados na língua e atribuindo-lhes novos significados. Um exemplo dessa busca de novas formas é atestado pelo recurso ao uso de elementos de composição gregos, que passam a atuar em contextos não científicos, em formações em que apresentam um novo significado, parcialmente distinto do significado original. Neste estudo, enfocamos especialmente os elementos de composição mega-, giga-, micro- e nano, prefixos do SI (Sistema Internacional de Unidades), e seus empregos na construção de unidades lexicais neológicas em textos não especializados. Nesse novo uso, apresentam-se parcialmente destituídos de seus respectivos significados de origem e passam a atuar como neologismos.
Psykologien bag ondsindede rygter: et studie af sammenhængen mellem etniske gruppeidentiteter og udbredelsen af rygter om danskere og etniske minoriteter
Authors: Osmundsen Mathias
Published: May 2022

Med de sociale mediers fremkomst er begreber som fake news, konspirationsteorier og misinformation havnet i offentlighedens søgelys. Men hvorfor spreder nogle af os utroværdige informationer på internettet? Jeg argumenter i det følgende for, at vores tilknytning til sociale grupper gør os modtagelige for ondsindede rygter om konkurrerende grupper. Forventningerne testes i en spørgeskemaundersøgelse blandt majoritetsdanskere og herboende etniske minoriteter. Resultaterne viser, at identifikation som henholdsvis dansker eller indvandrer forstærker deltagernes tro på og ønske om at dele ondsindede rygter om den anden gruppe, og at det særligt er udgruppehad fremfor indgruppekærlighed, der forklarer sammenhængen. Artiklen bidrager med en forståelse af, hvordan forholdet mellem majoritets- og minoritetsgrupper udspiller sig i en digital tidsalder, samt hvilke udfordringer der skal løses for at stoppe udbredelsen af misinformation på sociale medier.
Frequência de helmintos diagnosticados em cães e gatos no Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias da Faculdade de Veterinária/UFPel
Authors: Ferraz Alexsander , Joanol Dallmann Paola Renata , Rabelo Yonamine Gabriela , Cericatto Segalla Catia , Barbosa Moreira Tiago Felipe , De Oliveira Nobre Márcia , Quintana Nizoli Leandro
Published: May 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a frequência de helmintos diagnosticados em cães e gatos no Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Foram utilizados resultados de exames coproparasitológicos de amostras analisadas entre janeiro de 2019 e julho de 2021. Neste período, 334 amostras fecais foram recebidas e analisadas, sendo 265 de cães e 69 de gatos. As técnicas utilizadas para a análise do material foram: Willis Mollay, Faust, Rugai e Hoffman, Pons e Janer. Das amostras de cães, 46,8% (124/265) foram positivas para parasitos, sendo Ancylostoma spp. o gênero mais frequente (35,8%). Das amostras de gatos, 43,5% (30/69) foram positivas e Toxocara o gênero mais observado (23,2%). Os resultados encontrados neste trabalho indicam que há um elevado percentual de cães e gatos parasitados por diferentes gêneros de helmintos, evidenciando a necessidade da adoção de medidas preventivas que minimizem a exposição dos animais a estes agentes e posterior disseminação no ambiente, visando a proteção da saúde animal e humana.
Prof. Dr. Paul Martin e sua contribuição para a anatomia veterinária
Authors: König Horst Erich , Souza Anderson Fernando de , Pérez William
Published: May 2022

Este artigo descreve a contribuição do Professor Dr. Paul Martin (1861-1937) para a anatomia veterinária. Ele foi professor emérito da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Giessen, na Alemanha, autor de várias edições de um livro de anatomia referência na época, para as quais produziu as próprias ilustrações. Sua atuação acadêmica trouxe grandes contribuições para o ensino da anatomia veterinária e suas ilustrações são até hoje reproduzidas em publicações da área.
Ideações e tentativas de suicídio em professores: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: de Oliveira Andréa Carla Ferreira , Fernanda Soares Cabral Glaucia , Lúcia Brito Tavares Barreto Carmem
Published: May 2022

O suicídio é um problema de saúde pública. A maioria dos estudos encontrados na temática diz respeito aos jovens e em ambientes escolares. Este trabalho é uma revisão sistemática sobre ideações e/ ou tentativas de suicídio em professores brasileiros. Para a realização do trabalho foram consultados os bancos de dados Periódico CAPES; BVS Brasil; Lilacs; Scielo; Banco de Dissertações e Teses (BDTD). Os descritores escolhidos foram suicídio, tentativa de suicídio; ideação suicida; e professores. Foram localizados 392 trabalhos, dos quais apenas um estudo tematizou a ideação suicida em professores da rede estadual de ensino. Esse dado revela a escassez de estudos com os professores, apesar da relevância do tema na atualidade. Faz-se necessário investigar a experiência desses profissionais diante do “pôr fim à vida” e das modificações ocorridas no mundo do trabalho nas últimas décadas no ensino brasileiro. Palavras-chave: suicídio; tentativas de suicídio; ideação suicida; professores.
Endometrial cancer in neurofibromatosis type I (von Recklinghausen’s disease): A case report and literature review
Authors: Bagorane Justin , Negamiyimana Gustave , Niyitanga Germaine , Hajjine Adam , El Fadli Mohamed , Belbaraka Rhizlane
Published: May 2022

Neurofibromatosis type I is a complex, multisystem cancer predisposition syndrome of a number of tumors, which commonly arise in the central and peripheral nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and breast and soft tissues, yet the association with endometrial cancer is rare. Herein, we report the case of a 67-year-old female, never married, who had been followed since puberty for neurofibromatosis type I clinically manifested by pigmentary abnormalities such as café-au-lait macules, neurofibromas, and Lisch nodules with various comorbidities, such as diabetes type I, hypertension, renal failure, and ophthalmic disorders (poor vision). One year earlier, she developed a locally advanced endometrial cancer, for which chemotherapy would not have been optimal because of these comorbidities; due to the pathology of neurofibromatosis, the lifespan of such individuals is typically around fifteen years shorter than that of the general population and it negatively impacts their quality of life.
Idiopathic unilateral facial hirsutism
Authors: Rani Ritu , Gupta Mudita , Sharma Reena Kumari , Tegta Geeta Ram
Published: May 2022

Hirsutism is the growth of terminal hair in a female in a male-like distribution. Idiopathic hirsutism (IH) is when there is no increase in circulating androgens or ovarian hormones. IH usually involves multiple sites with variable densities. Localized and unilateral dermatomal hirsutism has been rarely described. We report a forty-year-old female with a history of terminal hair growth on the left side of the chin. There was no associated biochemical or ultrasonic evidence of hyperandrogenism suggesting it to be idiopathic.
Bilateral nevus of Ota with palatal involvement, unilateral nevus of Ito, and a port-wine stain: A rare presentation
Authors: Mohta Alpana , Kushwaha Ramesh Kumar , Kumari Pramila , Shamra Manoj Kumar , Jain Suresh Kumar
Published: May 2022

Nevus of Ota and nevus of Ito are dermal melanocytoses, usually presenting themselves as a bluish-black or grayish-brown, patchy, diffuse, or mottled pigmentation of the skin. They share a common pathogenic mechanism involving failure in the migration of melanocytes from the dermis to the epidermis and differ only in the sites of their distribution on the body. Nevus of Ota, often unilateral, may rarely be bilateral or may involve the oral mucosa. Even rarer is its association with nevus of Ito and other extracutaneous features. A port-wine stain is a form of congenital capillary malformation presenting itself as a pinkish-red to purple discoloration, most commonly of the unilateral head and neck area. Only 25% of cases occur on other sites of the body. The presence of a port-wine stain in conjunction with two different dermal nevi has been an exceedingly rarely reported entity. Herein, we report a 26-year-old male who presented himself with a bilateral nevus of Ota with oral mucosal involvement and associated with nevus of Ito and a port-wine stain.
Double-branched transungual acquired fibrokeratoma
Authors: Hamich Soumaya , Mezni Lina , Gaitibi Fatima Zahra El , Meziane Meriem , Senouci Karima
Published: May 2022

Sir, Acquired fibrokeratoma (AFK) is a rare benign skin tumor that usually manifests as a slow-growing solitary nodular lesion of the digit. It may appear on the fingers, toes, palms, or soles. Herein, we report an atypical case of AK characterized by its transungual evolution and double-branched form. A sixty-year-old male with a medical history of renal failure due to a chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology consulted for the evaluation of two lesions of the first right toenail evolving for the past one year. The patient recalled a trauma one year before and the subsequent appearance of a cone at the proximal nail fold. Two months later, he noticed another cone emerging from the first. Both lesions were slow-growing and led to the consultation at our department. A dermatological examination revealed two branching, longitudinal, and flesh-colored cones arising from the nail bed (Fig. 1), firm in consistency and with smooth surfaces on palpation.
Quality of life of psoriatic patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouédraogo Nomtondo Amina , Tamalgo Patricia Felicité , Traoré Fagnima , Ouédraogo Muriel Sidnoma , Tapsoba Gilbert Patrice , Ilboudo Léopold , Kaboret Nadia , Zabsonré/ Tiendrébeogo Joelle , Bonkoungou Marcellin , Lallogo Salamata , Zeba Séraphine , Korsaga Nessiné Nina , Niamba Pascal , Traoré Adama , Barro Fatou
Published: May 2022

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, displaying inflammatory dermatosis. The evaluation of the psychosocial impact of chronic dermatoses on the quality of life of patients may help to orientate the objectives of management in order to improve their daily life, hence the interest of our study with the objective to evaluate the impact of psoriasis on the quality of life of patients followed in the dermatology, venereology, and rheumatology departments of the city of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Patients and Method: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study that took place from March 1 to June 28, 2019, in six public hospitals in the city of Ouagadougou. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI) were the quality of life tools employed for this study. Results: Forty-eight (48) patients with psoriasis met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 46.20 years, ranging from 22 to 79 years. There were 18 females and 30 males, with a sex ratio of 1.6. The measurement of the patients’ QoL by the DLQI reported a mean score of 9.14 out of 30. There was a low impact of the disease on the QoL for seventeen patients. The evaluation of the QOL with the PDI noted an alteration of daily activities (3.95/15) and alteration of the patients’ psychosocial relationships (2.66/18). The analysis of the QoL according to sociodemographic and clinical variables noted an alteration significantly related to age, level of education, and severity of the disease. An alteration in professional relationships was significant in female patients. An alteration in the different dimensions of the QoL was more significant in patients with a low level of education. The duration of the disease seemed to have no impact on the patients’ quality of life. Daily activities were significantly altered for patients with a PASI between 7 and 10. The DLQI did not correlate with disease severity (PASI) (r = 0.228; p = 0.120), unlike the PDI (r = 0.371; p = 0.009). Conclusion: The QoL of psoriatic patients in Ouagadougou seemed to be slightly altered. This alteration was more significant for females. Professional relationships were altered for young subjects while daily activities were altered for those older.
Temperature responsiveness of soil carbon fractions, microbes, extracellular enzymes and CO2 emission: mitigating role of texture
Authors: Hassan Waseem , Li Yu’e , Saba Tahseen , Wu Jianshuang , Bashir Safdar , Bashir Saqib , Gatasheh Mansour K. , Diao Zeng-Hui , Chen Zhongbing
Published: May 2022

The interaction of warming and soil texture on responsiveness of the key soil processes i.e. organic carbon (C) fractions, soil microbes, extracellular enzymes and CO2 emissions remains largely unknown. Global warming raises the relevant question of how different soil processes will respond in near future, and what will be the likely regulatory role of texture? To bridge this gap, this work applied the laboratory incubation method to investigate the effects of temperature changes (10–50 °C) on dynamics of labile, recalcitrant and stable C fractions, soil microbes, microbial biomass, activities of extracellular enzymes and CO2 emissions in sandy and clayey textured soils. The role of texture (sandy and clayey) in the mitigation of temperature effect was also investigated. The results revealed that the temperature sensitivity of C fractions and extracellular enzymes was in the order recalcitrant C fractions > stable C fractions > labile C fractions and oxidative enzymes > hydrolytic enzymes. While temperature sensitivity of soil microbes and biomass was in the order bacteria > actinomycetes > fungi ≈ microbial biomass C (MBC) > microbial biomass N (MBN) > microbial biomass N (MBP). Conversely, the temperature effect and sensitivity of all key soil processes including CO2 emissions were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in sandy than clayey textured soil. Results confirmed that under the scenario of global warming and climate change, soils which are sandy in nature are more susceptible to temperature increase and prone to become the CO2-C sources. It was revealed that clayey texture played an important role in mitigating and easing off the undue temperature influence, hence, the sensitivity of key soil processes.
Early warning model construction and validation for urinary tract infection in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD): a retrospective study
Authors: Zhou Liqiong , Liang Surui , Shuai Qin , Fan Chunhua , Gao Linghong , Cai Wenzhi
Published: May 2022

Background

This study was performed to construct and validate an early risk warning model of urinary tract infection in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD).

Methods

Eligible patients with NLUTD admitted to Shenzhen Longcheng hospital from January 2017 to June 2021 were recruited for model construction, internal validation and external validation. The first time point of data collection was within half a month of patients first diagnosed with NLUTD. The second time point was at the 6-month follow-up. The early warning model was constructed by logistic regression. The model prediction effects were validated using the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, the Boostrap experiment and the calibration plot of the combined data. The model was externally validated using sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

Results

Six predictors were identified in the model, namely patients ≥65 years old (OR = 2.478, 95%CI [1.215– 5.050]), female (OR = 2.552, 95%CI [1.286–5.065]), diabetes (OR = 2.364, 95%CI) [1.182–4.731]), combined with urinary calculi (OR = 2.948, 95%CI [1.387–6.265]), indwelling catheterization (OR = 1.988, 95%CI [1.003 –3.940]) and bladder behavior training intervention time ≥2 weeks (OR = 2.489, 95%CI [1.233–5.022]); and the early warning model formula was Y = 0.907 ×  age+ 0.937 × sex + 0.860 × diabetes +1.081 × combined with urinary calculi+ 0.687 × indwelling catheterization+ 0.912 × bladder behavior training intervention time-2.570. The results show that the area under the ROC curve is 0.832, which is close to that of 1,000 Bootstrap internal validation (0.828). The calibration plot shows that the early warning model has good discrimination ability and consistency. The external validation shows the sensitivity is 62.5%, the specificity is 100%, and the accuracy is 90%.

Conclusion

The early warning model for urinary tract infection in patients with NLUTD is suitable for clinical practice, which can provide targeted guidance for the evaluation of urinary tract infection in patients with NLUTD.
Unbalanced relationships: insights into the interaction between gut microbiota, geohelminths, and schistosomiasis
Authors: Pereira de Araújo Matheus , Sato Marcello Otake , Sato Megumi , Bandara WM Kasun M. , Coelho Luiz Felipe Leomil , Souza Raquel Lopes Martins , Kawai Satoru , Marques Marcos José
Published: May 2022

Hosts and their microbiota and parasites have co-evolved in an adaptative relationship since ancient times. The interaction between parasites and intestinal bacteria in terms of the hosts’ health is currently a subject of great research interest. Therapeutic interventions can include manipulations of the structure of the intestinal microbiota, which have immunological interactions important for modulating the host’s immune system and for reducing inflammation. Most helminths are intestinal parasites; the intestinal environment provides complex interactions with other microorganisms in which internal and external factors can influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Moreover, helminths and intestinal microorganisms can modulate the host’s immune system either beneficially or harmfully. The immune response can be reduced due to co-infection, and bacteria from the intestinal microbiota can translocate to other organs. In this way, the treatment can be compromised, which, together with drug resistance by the parasites makes healing even more difficult. Thus, this work aimed to understand interactions between the microbiota and parasitic diseases caused by the most important geohelminths and schistosomiasis and the consequences of these associations.
Extent of Knowledge and Adoption of System of Rice Intencification (SRI) Cultivation Practices among Rice Growers in Kohima District of Nagaland, India
Authors: Kichu Sanenjungla , Jahanara .
Published: May 2022

Rice is life for millions of people in the world, particularly in developing countries. Unfortunately in India, the productivity of rice is already very low and the area for growing rice cannot be increased further. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI), developed by Fr. Henri de Laulanie during eighties in Madagascar, offers opportunities for improving rice production in a variety of situations around the world. SRI was promoted under the “Integrated Cereal Development Programme-Rice”. Rice is also the main staple food of people in the North Eastern Region of India. The demand for rice is growing with ever-increasing population. It is the most water intensive crops and requires about 3000-5000 liters of water to produce 1 kg of rice. Nagaland is also one of the states where SRI is cultivated by the rice farmers. It is one of the most important crops of the North Eastern states and SRI has been highly cultivated by farmers in Kohima district of Nagaland. It has the highest production and area.

The present study is an effort to study the profile of farmers’ already practicing SRI method of rice cultivation which would certainly help to develop suitable extension strategies to reach the slow adopters thus reducing the time gap and increasing the adoption rate. While worldwide SRI started three decades ago, its knowledge is still evolving and several issues with regard to various components that are involved in its implementation still need some investigation. The finding of the study can help to analyze the factors influencing it and the constraints faced by the farmers thus enlisting strategies to the rice farmers to overcome it.

The study was conducted in Jakhama, Kohima village and Kezocha block of Kohima district of Nagaland. A total number of 120 respondents from 4 villages were selected through random sampling based on maximum area under system of rice intensification production. Data was collected with the help of pre-structured interview schedule. The descriptive research design was used for the present research study. The socio-economic variables selected for the study were age, education, family size, family type, land holding, annual income, farm experience, extension contact, social participation, mass media exposure and sources of information utilization resources

The study revealed that majority of the system of rice intensification cultivators belonged to middle aged group, had medium level of annual income with medium size of land holding. Majority of them had medium year of farming experience, use of sources of information and medium level of extension contact. It was observed that the majority of the respondents had medium level of knowledge and adoption of recommended system of rice intensification practices among rice growers.
Molecular Visualization of Early‐Stage Acute Kidney Injury with a DNA Framework Nanodevice
Authors: Ding Fei , Zhang Shuangye , Liu Suyu , Feng Jing , Li Jiang , Li Qian , Ge Zhilei , Zuo Xiaolei , Fan Chunhai , Xia Qiang
Published: May 2022

DNA nanomachines with artificial intelligence have attracted great interest, which may open a new era of precision medicine. However, their in vivo behavior, including early diagnosis and therapeutic effect are limited by their targeting efficiency. Here, a tetrahedral DNA framework (TDF)‐based nanodevice for in vivo near‐infrared (NIR) diagnosis of early‐stage AKI is developed. This nanodevice comprises three functional modules: a size‐tunable TDF nanostructure as kidney‐targeting vehicle, a binding module for the biomarker kidney injury molecule‐1 (Kim‐1), and a NIR signaling module. The cooperation of these modules allows the nanodevice to be selectively accumulated in injured kidney tissues with high Kim‐1 level, generating strong NIR fluorescence; whereas the nanodevice with the proper size can be rapidly cleared in healthy kidneys to minimize the background. By using this nanodevice, the early diagnosis of AKI onset is demonstrated at least 6 h ahead of Kim‐1 urinalysis, or 12 h ahead of blood detection. It is envisioned that this TDF‐based nanodevice may have implications for the early diagnosis of AKI and other kidney diseases.
Collectivization of smallholder farmers, strategic competition, and market performance: Experiences from two selected villages of West Bengal, India
Authors: Bagchi Niladri Sekhar , Mishra Pulak , Behera Bhagirath , Ratna Reddy V.
Published: May 2022

Given the structure and functioning of agricultural markets and the policies and institutional space, smallholder farmers in India often face the risks of strategic failures, which force them to either opt for distress selling, operate as fringe retailers or participate in the existing supply or value chains on given conditions. In this perspective, this paper examines if smallholder farmers' collectives can potentially strengthen their market position vis‐à‐vis other individual players and enable them to explore strategic options in a greater way. On the basis of the structure–conduct–performance theory and field experiences from two selected villages of West Bengal (India), the paper finds that the collectivization of smallholder farmers helps in exploring a larger set of strategic options for better outcomes. Further, the choice of the strategy set varies across the collectives depending on their composition, functioning, and resource endowments. Nevertheless, there is a possibility of strategic failures because of intra‐ as well as intercollective conflicts and competition from other players. The success in this regard would, therefore, depend on how the collectives democratically resolve such conflicts and develop capacity and capabilities to enhance their competitiveness for greater strategic success. Besides, addressing market imperfections through policy and institutional interventions would also be crucial.
Severe low gastrointestinal bleeding due to Dieulafoy's lesion: A report of two cases and review of literature
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Chi , Huang Jen‐Chieh , Shin Jeng‐Shiann
Published: May 2022

Massive low gastrointestinal bleeding is an uncommon but severe event. Dieulafoy's lesion is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding but associated with a high mortality rate. In this report, we describe two cases of massive low gastrointestinal bleeding due to Dieulafoy's lesion of the colon who were successfully treated with endoscopic therapy, despite severe bleeding with inadequate bowel preparation. These two cases emphasize the importance of careful endoscopic evaluation to investigate gastrointestinal bleeding and that rare entities should be considered in the differential diagnosis of common clinical presentations.
Structural Elucidation by NMR Analysis Assisted by DFT Calculations of a Novel Natural Product from Conchocarpus Mastigophorus (Rutaceae)
Authors: Pinto Bryan N. S. , Alvarenga Elson S. , Santos Anderson R. , Oliveira Washington F. , de Paula Vanderlúcia F. , Oliveira Márcio N. , Junior João M. B. , de L. Batista Andrea N.
Published: May 2022

The stem of Conchocarpus mastigophorus was solvent‐extracted and purified by silica‐gel column chromatography to afford eleven natural products, including one new compound. The structures of all compounds were fully elucidated by spectrometric methods. NMR analyses assisted by theoretical calculations were used to determine the structure of a novel natural product. The structure of the novel compound 2 (acridone alkaloid) was established as 1,3,6‐trihydroxy‐2,4,5‐trimethoxy‐10‐methylacridin‐9(10H)‐one. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was assigned by means of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy. The structure of compound 1 was defined as (3S)‐(−)‐3‐hydroxy‐1‐methylpiperidin‐2‐one. Theoretical calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(2d,p)//M06‐2X/6‐31+G(d,p) level of theory and DP4 statistical tool was employed to compare the calculated and experimental NMR chemical shifts.
Rectangular Beam Pumped Raman Microchip Laser for Generating Multiwavelength High‐Order Hermite–Gaussian Lasers and Vortex Lasers
Authors: Ding Yongsheng , Yang Jianwei , Chen Dimeng , Dong Jun
Published: May 2022

High‐order Hermite–Gaussian (HG) lasers oscillating at multiple wavelengths are extensively needed for generating vortex lasers carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), which have wide applications on optical communication, high capacity storage, and high resolution imaging. Off‐axis pumping or off‐axis resonator has been used to generate high‐order HG0,n lasers, however, low optical efficiency limits practical applications of these lasers. Here, direct generation of multiple wavelength high‐order HG0,n lasers in a rectangular beam pumped Raman microchip laser constructed with Yb3+:Y3Al5O12 (Yb:YAG) and yttrium vanadate (YVO4) crystals is demonstrated. The order n of HG0,n mode lasers can be tuned from 1 to 9. HG0,n (n > 3) mode Raman lasers oscillate at multiple wavelengths and shift to longer wavelength with n. The output power is 137 mW for multiwavelength HG0,9 mode Raman laser when the input pump power is 2.7 W. The optical conversion efficiency is as high as 5.1%. Excellent beam quality with My2 close to theoretical values (My2 = 2n+1) for high‐order HG0,n lasers has been achieved. Topological charge tunable Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) vortex lasers with high beam quality are generated from HG0,n mode lasers with an astigmatic mode converter. This work demonstrates that rectangular beam pumping is an effective method for developing efficient multiwavelength high‐order HG0,n mode Raman lasers.
Quantification of Biocatalytic Transformations by Single Microbial Cells Enabled by Tailored Integration of Droplet Microfluidics and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wink Konstantin , van der Loh Marie , Hartner Nora , Polack Matthias , Dusny Christian , Schmid Andreas , Belder Detlev
Published: May 2022

Improving the performance of chemical transformations catalysed by microbial biocatalysts requires a deep understanding of cellular processes. While the cellular heterogeneity of cellular characteristics, such as the concentration of high abundant cellular content, is well studied, little is known about the reactivity of individual cells and its impact on the chemical identity, quantity, and purity of excreted products. Biocatalytic transformations were monitored chemically specific and quantifiable at the single‐cell level by integrating droplet microfluidics, cell imaging, and mass spectrometry. Product formation rates for individual Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were obtained by i) incubating nanolitre‐sized droplets for product accumulation in microfluidic devices, ii) an imaging setup to determine the number of cells in the droplets, and iii) electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry for reading the chemical contents of individual droplets. These findings now enable the study of whole‐cell biocatalysis at single‐cell resolution.
Highly Stable Metal‐Free Long‐Persistent Luminescent Copolymer for Low Flicker AC‐LEDs
Authors: Lv Hongyu , Tang Haitao , Cai Yiyu , Wu Tao , Peng Dongliang , Yao Yuan , Xu Xuhui
Published: May 2022

Organic room‐temperature long‐persistent luminescent materials are promising light‐emitting materials for encryption, architectural decoration, organic solar cells, and biomedical applications. However, their unstable structures and thermal‐ and humidity‐induced emission quenching have greatly limited their utility and reliability. Here, we report a metal‐free nonconjugated copolymer that possesses stable photoluminescence at both high temperature and humidity. The room‐temperature long‐persistent luminescence (LPL) of this copolymer lasts for more than 15 s and can be recovered in high humidity conditions by heating to remove moisture. Copolymer LPL can be achieved with various excitation wavelengths, ranging from ultraviolet to near‐infrared, and the LPL color can be adjusted accordingly. The high initial LPL intensity and ultrafast filling time of the copolymer makes it suitable for low flicker alternating current‐driven light‐emitting diodes (AC‐LEDs).
Machine Learning for Chemical Reactivity: The Importance of Failed Experiments
Authors: Strieth‐Kalthoff Felix , Sandfort Frederik , Kühnemund Marius , Schäfer Felix R. , Kuchen Herbert , Glorius Frank
Published: May 2022

Assessing the outcomes of chemical reactions in a quantitative fashion has been a cornerstone across all synthetic disciplines. Classically approached through empirical optimization, data‐driven modelling bears an enormous potential to streamline this process. However, such predictive models require significant quantities of high‐quality data, the availability of which is limited: Main reasons for this include experimental errors and, importantly, human biases regarding experiment selection and result reporting. In a series of case studies, we investigate the impact of these biases for drawing general conclusions from chemical reaction data, revealing the utmost importance of “negative” examples. Eventually, case studies into data expansion approaches showcase directions to circumvent these limitations—and demonstrate perspectives towards a long‐term data quality enhancement in chemistry.
Distributed fault detection and isolation in time‐varying formation tracking UAV multi‐agent systems
Authors: Zaeri Amirani Mojtaba , Bigdeli Nooshin , Haeri Mohammad
Published: May 2022

The problem of distributed fault detection and isolation (DFDI) in conjunction with time‐varying formation control of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multi‐agent systems with multiple‐leader leader–follower structure is studied, in this paper. It is assumed that the communication data of the agents are noisy, and faults may occur in either leaders or followers. The followers are not aware of the main trajectory and just follow the leaders. The first step in this paper is to reduce the communication noise. Besides, if a fault occurs in one of the leaders causing to exit the leader from the main trajectory, the followers should be able to detect the fault, isolate the leader, use the other leaders' data, and keep the main trajectory. Tracking the trajectory by followers in such a case is the second step of this paper. Preserving the time‐varying formation despite a fault occurring in one of the followers is the next step. To reach these goals, a distributed array of Kalman filters is used for noise cancellation and data extraction. Next, the combination of state vector data fusion and some type of
2 test are employed for DFDI, in agents. Besides, a controller is implemented in each agent for formation tracking. In this controller, estimated relative position and velocity vectors of the agents are employed to keep the time varying formation while tracking the leaders. The closed‐loop stability is studied via Lyapunov stability theorem, and various simulations are carried out to demonstrate the capability of the proposed strategy.
No optical coherence tomography changes in premanifest Huntington's disease mutation carriers far from disease onset
Authors: Schmid Rahel Dominique , Remlinger Jana , Abegg Mathias , Hoepner Robert , Hoffmann Rainer , Lukas Carsten , Saft Carsten , Salmen Anke
Published: May 2022

Background

Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) may detect retinal changes as a biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases like manifest Huntington's disease (HD). We investigate macular retinal layer thicknesses in a premanifest HD (pre‐HD) cohort and healthy controls (HC).

Methods

Pre‐HD mutation carriers underwent standardized ratings and a preset macular OCT scan. Thickness values were determined for each sector of all macular retinal layers, the mean of all sectors and the mean of the inner ring (IR, 3 mm) after segmentation (Heyex segmentation batch). HC were retrospectively included from an existing database. The IR thickness of the ganglion cell layer (GCL), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), GCL + inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), and total retina were included in the exploratory correlation analyses with paraclinical ratings and compared to HC.

Results

The analyses comprised n = 24 pre‐HD participants (n = 10 male, n = 14 female) and n = 38 HC (n = 14 male, n = 24 female). Retinal layer parameters did not correlate with paraclinical ratings. Expected correlations between established HD biomarkers were robust. The IR thicknesses of the GCL, GCIPL, and total retina did not differ between pre‐HD and HC. The IR thickness of the RNFL was significantly higher in pre‐HD participants (pre‐HD: 23.22 μm (standard deviation 2.91), HC: 21.26 μm (1.90), p = .002).

Discussion

In this cross‐sectional cohort of genetically determined pre‐HD participants, neurodegenerative features were not detected with retinal layer segmentation. Since our pre‐HD collective was more than 16 years before disease onset, OCT may not be sensitive enough to detect early changes.
Lifelong and multirelational community detection to support social and collaborative e‐learning
Authors: Rebhi Wala , Ben Yahia Nesrine , Bellamine Narjes
Published: May 2022

Learners' community choice has a crucial role in e‐learning effectiveness. Indeed, individual and structural factors (i.e., learners pre‐existing profiles and networks of interactions) significantly affect how learners develop a collaborative e‐learning environment. In this context, social network analysis, singularly community detection has been a good approach to improve collaborative environment through discovering pertinent learners' communities and new effective relations. However, with social media emergence, many real‐world networks, such as learners' networks, evolve the connections in multiple layers, where each layer represents a different type of relationship. This, combined with their continuous evolution over time, has brought new challenges to the field of community detection. Thus, this paper proposes a new configurable algorithm for detecting collaborative and lifelong communities within dynamic multirelational social learners' networks. To do so, this algorithm is based on a graph model to represent these different interactions as well as different learners' profiles and characteristics. Moreover, by using particle swarm optimization, it aims to optimize a configurable combined metric to detect the most relevant community appropriate to a given situation. Finally, it considers the temporal dimension to find the final lifelong community. By the end of this paper, experimental results using synthetic networks prove that the proposed algorithm achieves better results compared with other community detection algorithms. Therewith, experiments on a real e‐learning network show this algorithm's role in improving collaboration within learners' network.
Association of anticoagulant use with clinical outcomes from crizotinib in ALK‐ and ROS1‐rearranged advanced non‐small cell lung cancers: A retrospective analysis of PROFILE 1001
Authors: Ng Terry L. , Tsui David C. C. , Wang Sherry , Usari Tiziana , Patil Tejas , Wilner Keith , Camidge David R.
Published: May 2022

Background

ROS1‐ and ALK‐rearranged advanced NSCLCs are associated with increased thromboembolic risk. We hypothesized that a prothrombotic phenotype offers an evolutionary advantage to subsets of these cancers. The impact of this phenotype could alter outcomes from targeted therapy.

Methods

In a retrospective analysis of ROS1‐ and ALK‐rearranged NSCLCs treated with crizotinib in a phase 1 trial, we compared progression‐free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) based on the history of anticoagulation use (a possible surrogate of thromboembolism) at baseline (within 90 days before study enrollment) or within 90 days of study treatment.

Results

Twelve out of 53 (22.6%) ROS1‐ and 39 out of 153 (25.5%) ALK‐rearranged NSCLCs received anticoagulation before or during the trial. Most ROS1 and ALK patients on anticoagulation received low‐molecular‐weight heparin (75% and 64.1%, respectively). In the ROS1‐rearranged group, the median PFS (95% CI) values were 5.1 (4.4–14.4) and 29.0 (16.5–48.8) months, and the ORR values were 41.7% (95% CI: 15.2 to 72.3) and 80.5% (95% CI: 65.1 to 91.2) among those with and without anticoagulation treatment, respectively. In the ALK‐rearranged group, the median PFS (95% CI) was 7.1 (5.4–7.7) and 12.0 (9.4–18.3) months, and the ORR was 41% (95% CI: 25.6 to 57.9) and 74.3% (95% CI: 65.3 to 82.1) among those with and without anticoagulation, respectively.

Conclusions

Anticoagulation (as a potential surrogate of a prothrombotic subset) in ROS1‐ and ALK‐rearranged NSCLCs may be associated with a lower PFS and ORR to crizotinib.

ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT00585195.
Effective treatment of advanced Hodgkin lymphoma with a modified BEACOPP regimen for a patient with demyelinating hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1 (HMSN1)
Authors: Hess Patrick P. , Ventura Ferreira Monica S. , Rolles Benjamin , Kirschner Martin , Holtbernd Florian , Tometten Mareike , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Beier Fabian
Published: May 2022

Treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in adults comprises substantial risk of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity. Here, we describe the case of patient with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease or HSMN1 and advanced Hodgkin lymphoma undergoing treatment with modified BEACOPP achieving complete remission without major aggravation of neurological symptoms.
COVID‐19 complicated with chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis and aspergilloma progressing to fibrosing aspergillosis: A case report
Authors: Razafindrasoa Zamelina Angela , Ravahatra Kiady , Tiaray Harison Michel , Nandimbiniaina Anjara Mihaja , Andriamahenina Finaritra Princy Parfait , Razafimpihanina Sonia Marcelle , Andriarimanga Diamondra Ombanjanahary , Rakotomizao Jocelyn Robert , Rakotoson Joëlson Lovaniaina , Raharimanana Rondro Nirina
Published: May 2022

Aspergillosis superinfections have been reported as acute complications of COVID‐19. We report a rare case of combined chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, aspergilloma, and fibrosing aspergillosis in a 31‐year‐old woman with a history of COVID‐19. Chest scan remains an important imaging method assisting in the diagnosis and management of post‐COVID‐19 patients.
MOF‐Supported Copper Complex‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,3‐Diynes Without External Additives
Authors: Zheng Deng‐Yue , Bai Rongxian , Li Minghao , Gu Yanlong
Published: May 2022

Cu complexes supported on metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with N1,N1,N2,N2‐tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) were prepared via post‐synthetic modification, and proved to be highly efficient for Glaser heterocoupling reactions. Compared with some referential catalysts, which were prepared by using a series of copper salts and Cu0 nanoparticles as the copper sources, the newly designed MIL‐101‐NH‐TMEDA⋅CuClx exhibited highest catalytic activity and selectivity in the model Glaser heterocoupling reaction. Much lower activity was observed with the homogeneous counterpart, TMEDA⋅CuCl4. Intriguingly, the Glaser heterocoupling reactions over MIL‐101‐NH‐TMEDA⋅CuClx catalyst can be conducted without adding external ligands, base, or acid, which are always necessary in the previously reported systems. The dense catalytic active sites in the MOF channels and the adsorption properties of the MOF were conjectured to be partially responsible for the observed high catalytic activity, which may allow the formation of a unique internal environment in the three‐dimensional porous framework that significantly boosted progress of the reactions. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed also that the catalytically active copper species changed from CuII to CuI after catalytic use.
Precisely Tailoring Selectivity via Target Group's Steered Adsorption on Cu2O/Tantalate Catalysts for Hydrogenation of 3‐Nitrostyrene
Authors: Ma Yuxuan , He Dan , Borjigin Burenbayaer , Yang Xiaoxue , Wang Xiaojing , Bai Fenghua
Published: May 2022

The selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes bearing competitive reducible groups to produce functionalized amino compounds has wide application in industrial production. However, to control only reducing the target group is still a challenge. Here, Cu2O/M2Ta2O6 (M=H, Li, Na, K, Ag, Bi) catalysts were prepared to evaluate their catalytic performance using 3‐nitrostyrene (3‐NS) as a model reaction. The results confirm pristine Cu2O has a highly activity to hydrogenate 3‐NS but low selectivity with the coexisted products of 3‐vinylaniline (3‐VA), 3‐ethylaniline(3‐EA) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐nitrobenzene (3‐NE), whereas the independent tantalate can converse 3‐NS to sole product 3‐VA via absolutely preferential reduction of −NO2 moiety but with a low conversion rate. Importantly, if combining Cu2O and tantalate, the activity and selectivity of the appointed product were all obviously increased. Furthermore, the hydrogenation activity of 3‐NS to generate 3‐VA is positively related with the catalysts’ intrinsic basicity and the preferential adsorption toward −NO2 group.
Hierarchical Heterostructure of Amorphous CoFe@CoNi Hydroxides Composite on Nickel Foam as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Qi Fu‐Ming , Xu Wei , Mi Jian‐Li
Published: May 2022

Design of efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great importance for practical energy‐related technologies such as hydrogen production. Herein, CoFe@CoNi hydroxides composite supported on nickel foam (NF) as electrocatalyst for OER was prepared via a two‐step electrodeposition method. The CoFe@CoNi hydroxides composite has an amorphous structure with a hierarchical nanostructure where small nanosheets of CoNi hydroxide were decorated on the large nanosheet of CoFe hydroxide. The architecture provides abundant electrochemically active surface area with more exposed active sites as well as the small electron‐transfer resistance at the interface to promote the catalytic activity for OER. In addition, the core‐shell hierarchical nanostructure may further improve the catalytic activity by regulating the electronic structure due to the synergetic interaction of CoFe and CoNi hydroxides. It is noted that the deposition sequence is important to form hierarchical heterostructure, and no hierarchical structure can be obtained by depositing CoFe hydroxide on CoNi hydroxide due to the reconfiguration of the metal ions during the synthesis. CoFe@CoNi hydroxides composite shows efficient electrocatalytic activity toward OER with an overpotential of 0.227 V at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and a long‐term durability in 1.0 M KOH.
Subnanometric Pt‐Sn Monolayers Over a Rod‐Shaped Al2O3 for Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Deng Li , Han Shaobo , Li Yong , Shen Wenjie
Published: May 2022

Atomic layer deposition was applied to precisely disperse Pt on Sn‐, K‐modified Al2O3, while the dispersion of Pt depended strongly on the atmosphere. Pt presented as single‐atoms in oxidative atmosphere but both single‐atoms and clusters under reductive gas. After H2‐treatment at 873 K, Pt single‐atoms, clusters and particles co‐existed in the catalysts, but their population varied considerably. The typical nanoparticles featured by crystallized Pt3Sn alloys, while the subnanometric clusters contained amorphous Pt−Sn alloys in a monolayer geometry. When tested for propane dehydrogenation at 873 K, the monolayers displayed outstanding performance; the mass specific activity approached 5.1 molC3H6 molPt−1 s−1, which was 2.7 times greater than that of particles. Structural analysis revealed that the amorphous Pt−Sn monolayer exposed more surficial Pt atoms surrounded by Sn atoms, which finely tuned the electronic property of Pt and thus favored the activation of C−H bond in propane.