bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Transformation in Increasing the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Zakat Management Muhammadiyah Experience
Authors: Pamungkas Puput Puspita Ganjar
Published: July 2024

One of the efforts that can be made to reduce the number of poverty and other social inequalities in the community can be through philanthropic institutions that have credible, trusted and professional values in their management so that they can give birth to a prosperous society. However, it is undeniable that in Indonesia there are still people who avoid the obligation to pay zakat or doubt existing philanthropic institutions. This research provides an overview of philanthropic strategies and innovations under the auspices of the Muhammadiyah organization, namely LAZISMU, which is one of the largest philanthropies in Indonesia. The transparent management of Zakat, Infaq and Shodaqoh is continuous and fair, making all muzakki have high loyalty and trust in entrusting their property. The methods used are qualitative and relevant literacy studies.
Keywords: Transformation, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Muhammadiyah
 
Abstrak
Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi jumlah kemiskinan dan kesenjangan sosial lainnya di masyarakat dapat melalui lembaga filantropi yang memiliki nilai kredibilitas, terpercaya dan profesional dalam pengelolaannya sehingga dapat melahirkan masyarakat yang sejatera. Namun, tak dapat dipungkiri bahwasanya di Indonesia masih terdapat masyarakat yang mengindar dari kewajiban membayar zakat ataupun meragukan lembaga filantropi yang ada. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran terkait strategi dan inovasi filantropi di bawah naungan organsasi Muhammadiyah yakni LAZISMU yang merupakan salah satu filantropi terbesar di Indonesia. Pengelolaan Zakat, Infaq dan Shodaqoh yang transaparan, bersifat kontinyu dan berkeadilan menjadikan seluruh muzakki memiliki loyalitas tinggi serta kepercayaan menitipkan hartanya. Metode yang digunakan ialah kualitatif dan studi literasi yang relevan.
Kata kunci: Transformasi, Efektifitas, Efisiensi, Muhammadiyah
Revolutionizing Material Science with Nanotechnology
Authors: Pasupuleti Murali Krishna
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Nanotechnology is at the forefront of a transformative revolution in material science, offering unprecedented capabilities to manipulate materials at the atomic and molecular levels. This chapter delves into the profound impact of nanotechnology on the development and enhancement of material properties, leading to innovations across various domains. By exploring the fundamental concepts of nanomaterials, their unique properties, and the advanced synthesis techniques, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of how nanotechnology is revolutionizing material science. Key applications are examined, including the creation of stronger, lighter, and more durable materials, as well as their integration into electronics, medicine, energy, and environmental sectors. The chapter also addresses the challenges and ethical considerations associated with nanotechnology, ensuring responsible and sustainable development. Through detailed case studies and practical examples, the chapter highlights the current advancements and future potential of nanotechnology in material science, emphasizing its role in driving technological progress and innovation. Keywords: Nanotechnology,Nanomaterials,Material Science,Atomic and Molecular Manipulation,Synthesis Techniques,Enhanced Material Properties,Advanced Electronics,Medical Applications, Energy Solutions,Environmental Impact,Ethical Considerations,Sustainable Development,Technological Innovation,Case Studies and Future Prospects. References: Aria, S., Bithi, S., Bhattacharia, S., & Das, P. (n.d.). Revolutionizing Engineering Education: Bridging Theory with Practice through Microfluidics and Material Characterization. 2024 ASEE-GSW Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--45394 Fedorov, P. P. (2020). Nanotechnology and material science. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 11(3), 314–315. https://doi.org/10.17586/2220-8054-2020-11-3-314-315 Gao, Y. (2017). Nanotechnology: revolutionizing our way of thinking physics and materials. Materials Science and Nanotechnology, 01(01). https://doi.org/10.35841/nanotechnology.1.1.1-2 Maksimović, M., & Forcan, M. (2020). The role of nanotechnology in revolutionizing energy sector. IJEEC - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.7251/ijeec1902079m Sameer Ahmed, Dr. M., Anjum Begum, Mrs., & Ayub Hussain Khan, Dr. (2024). UNVEILING FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN MATERIAL SCIENCE: REVOLUTIONIZING THE WORLD. Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences &; Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 9, 108–118. https://doi.org/10.58532/v3becs9p4ch2 Sardo, C. (2023). Nanobiomaterials Revolutionizing Biomedical Science: Special Issue—“Nanotechnology for Biomedical Applications.” Applied Sciences, 13(10), 6123. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106123
Investigating Factors Influencing Learning Satisfaction in Blended Learning Environments: A PLS-SEM Approach
Authors: Muhammad Nazeef Nagina , Hamid Saira , Ahmed Samea
Published: July 2024

Blended learning has gained significant attention in the field of education, particularly within Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) programs, due to its potential to enhance learning outcomes and engage students flexibly and interactively. Educators and course developers need to understand the factors influencing students' satisfaction with blended learning in order to optimize the learning experience. Educators and course developers need to understand the factors influencing students' satisfaction with blended learning in order to optimize the learning experience. This study aims to explore these influencing factors in blended learning environments specifically tailored for B.Ed. Students. By employing the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach, this research will analyze the relationships among critical variables such as instructional design, technology integration, student engagement, interaction quality, and perceived ease of use. This research is quantitative. The study will collect data from B.Ed. Students, through questionnaires, assess how these variables contribute to their overall learning satisfaction. The PLS-SEM approach will allow for a comprehensive examination of the direct and indirect effects of these factors, providing a nuanced understanding of their interplay. The findings will offer insights into the most impactful elements of blended learning environments and highlight areas for improvement. By identifying the critical determinants of learning satisfaction, this research aims to inform the development of more effective blended learning strategies, ultimately leading to enhanced educational experiences and outcomes for B.Ed. Students. The results will be valuable for educators, instructional designers, and policymakers seeking to implement and refine blended learning models in teacher education programs.
A better how: notes on developmental meta-research
Authors: Forscher Patrick S. , Schmidt Mario
Published: July 2024

The past decade has raised concerns about how research is conducted, evaluated, and disseminated. Fuelled by the replication crisis in psychology and allied disciplines, these concerns have spawned a movement that unites scholars from across the globe: the open science movement. The movement has produced and popularized a huge array of innovations to enhance the replicability of research and has even caught the notice of several large institutional actors. For example, the Biden administration declared 2023 the ‘year of open science’ in the United States. Internationally, UNESCO has collated and issued comprehensive recommendations for how member states can use and incorporate open science into policymaking. This interest has set in motion a broader movement and a dedicated academic subfield to improve how research is used in society. This movement, the meta-research movement, is the subject of this book.
Analysis of delays in the container loading and unloading process at the stevedoring stage at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 2 Pangkal Balam
Authors: Nawawi Cholis Imam , Bintari Pramudyasari Nur , Adiguna Yasfi
Published: July 2024

This research aims to identify and overcome factors that hinder loading and unloading activities at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 2 Pangkal Balam. This research uses a qualitative approach with primary data sources obtained through interviews, direct observation, and secondary data from related documents at the port office. Some problems faced in the loading and unloading process at Pangkal Balam Port include equipment damage, truck queues, weather conditions and sea tides. These factors have a negative impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of the stevedoring process, resulting in delays in the delivery of goods and losses for exporters and importers. Efforts to reduce these obstacles include improved equipment maintenance, better organization of truck queues, and adaptation to weather and tidal conditions. This research also emphasizes the importance of continuously evaluating existing operational procedures to increase the productivity and satisfaction of port service users. The results of this research can be a reference for PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 2 Pangkal Balam in improving port services so that goods can be delivered on time and service users are not disadvantaged. Thus, ports can function optimally as efficient and effective port activity centres.
Connaissances des médecins tunisiens à propos de la cigarette électronique
Authors: Kammoun Imtinen , Hajri Ahlem , Driss Faten , Zalila Haifa , Maamri Amira
Published: July 2024

Introduction : La cigarette électronique est un produit tabagique de nouvelle génération dont le mécanisme d’utilisation permettrait en théorie de minimiser les conséquences néfastes sur la santé.
Objectif: Déterminer les connaissances et les perceptions d’un échantillon de médecins tunisiens vis-à-vis de la cigarette électronique.
Méthodes : Nous avons conduit une étude transversale descriptive à visée analytique sur une période de deux mois auprès d’un échantillon de médecins tunisiens. Nous avons utilisé un auto-questionnaire en ligne portant sur les connaissances et les perceptions des médecins concernant la cigarette électronique.
Résultats : Les données ont été obtenues auprès de 216 médecins. Parmi les participants, 97,2% connaissaient les cigarettes électroniques, 56,5 % déclaraient avoir des connaissances faibles et 83,4% ont exprimé leur motivation à en apprendre davantage sur les cigarettes électroniques.
D’une manière globale, 83,8 % des médecins estimaient que la cigarette électronique est nocive pour la santé de l'utilisateur. L’utilisation de ce produit accroîtrait le risque de cancer selon 73,1% des participants, le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires selon 68,5% des participants et le risque de maladies pulmonaires chroniques selon 79,2% des participants. La perception des cigarettes électroniques comme étant nocives pour la santé de l’utilisateur était associée à la spécialité médicale des médecins (p=0,032). La recommandation de la cigarette électronique comme outil de sevrage tabagique était corrélée négativement à la formation en addictologie (p=0,027).
Conclusions : Les connaissances des médecins à propos des cigarettes électroniques sont hétérogènes traduisant le manque d’information et de consensus à l’heure actuelle.
Francisco Buscarons Úbeda (1906-1989). Químico analítico y rector
Authors: Bosch Elisabeth , Sales Joaquim
Published: July 2024

Se presenta una aproximación biográfica de Francisco Buscarons Úbeda, catedrático de Química Analítica de la Universidad de Barcelona (1945-1975) y rector de la misma (1951-1956). Su trayectoria permite conocer aspectos significativos de la universidad española en la época franquista. A pesar de las limitaciones del momento supo, como investigador, establecer una escuela de química analítica y, como rector, hacer frente a los primeros movimientos de protesta estudiantiles con una actitud digna frente la política represora del régimen.
GOVERNMENTEXPENDITUREONECONOMICGROWTH:EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM GHANA
Authors: Shuchen Zhang
Published: July 2024

In free market finance, the government plays an essential role. The government really does a lot for an economy. When markets can't solve problems on their own, governments must step in to offer public goods, address externalities, and enforce competition. The issue for every economy that wants its government to fulfill its function is finding the right size of government (total expenditures by the government as a percentage of GDP) to promote long-term prosperity. Government spending in Ghana has increased over the previous two decades, according to data on fiscal behavior, but GDP growth has lagged behind. Using a time series data analysis, this study aimed to shed new empirical light on the connection between government size and economic growth in Ghana, as well as identify the optimal threshold level at which government final consumption may contribute to rapid development. The research found that higher levels of government spending contributed directly to economic expansion. The analysis concluded that a threshold of 0.114% for government spending was optimal for promoting growth in the economy. Therefore, the study urges fiscal discipline and control to maintain the optimal level of government spending, which would have a multiplier effect on other parts of the economy and prevent crowding out.
Former les enseignants spécialisés personnes ressources pour l’éducation inclusive. De la prescription à une recherche-action « ressource » pour les formateurs
Authors: Leroyer Laurence , Midelet Julia
Published: July 2024

En 2017, la réforme de la formation des enseignants spécialisés conduit les formateurs à concevoir des dispositifs de formation visant à former les enseignants à une nouvelle fonction, celle de personne ressource pour l’éducation inclusive. Lors de la mise en œuvre d’un dispositif qu’ils avaient élaboré, des formateurs d’une académie se sont heurtés à plusieurs difficultés. C’est dans ce contexte, caractérisé par ce changement institutionnel, qu’une recherche action prend place. Au-delà d’un enjeu épistémologique (productions de connaissances sur l’activité de personne ressource), cette recherche comporte un enjeu praxéologique. Aussi, nous nous attacherons dans ce chapitre à répondre à la question suivante : dans quelle mesure les données produites par cette recherche action font-elles « ressource » pour les formateurs impliqués dans la conception et la mise en œuvre du dispositif de formation à la fonction de personne ressource pour l’éducation inclusive ?
De la formation aux gestes et paroles inclusifs
Authors: Canat-Faure Sylvie , Huet Capucine
Published: July 2024

Cette communication a pour objectif de présenter des recherches conduites auprès de professionnels de l’éducation ordinaire et spécialisée qui ont révélé des failles et des ressources dans leur identité et leur culture professionnelles. Les formations d’éducateurs et d’enseignants ne peuvent être uniquement prescriptives et descriptives ; elles doivent mobiliser des connaissances sur soi et sur les effets de postures professionnelles liées à la culture ou au sujet afin d’élaborer leur appareil psychique professionnel (Blanchard-Laville, 2001). En effet, « être inclusif » (Gardou, 2012) n’est pas intrinsèque au sujet. L’inclusion c’est aussi jouer sur le rapport dedans-dehors, ce n’est pas inclure du hors-norme dans la norme sans se donner les moyens de penser ce rapport « dehors-dedans » (Canat-Faure, 2020). À cet égard, une recherche-action a été menée au sein d’une classe d’ITEP afin de rendre compte de gestes et de paroles professionnels d’enseignants et d’éducateurs qui permettent de théoriser la nature d’un entre-deux inclusif. Par la formation initiale, par l’analyse des situations en formation continue, nous pouvons accompagner les professionnels à construire leurs propres postures d’entre-deux (Thouroude, 2016) en s’appropriant des gestes et des paroles adaptées à la singularité des élèves.
Les pratiques d'enseignement auprès des élèves à haut potentiel intellectuel
Authors: Aubry Alexandre
Published: July 2024

Le haut potentiel intellectuel (HPI) est habituellement défini par un quotient intellectuel élevé à un test d’intelligence standardisé. Les élèves à haut potentiel intellectuel (EHPI) sont très performants au niveau du raisonnement inductif. Ce type de raisonnement joue un rôle majeur dans l’acquisition et l’application de connaissances. Le HPI permettrait ainsi d’acquérir et de consolider un ensemble de compétences nécessaires à un haut niveau de maîtrise, en particulier, dans le domaine scolaire. Il est donc nécessaire d’adapter les pratiques d’enseignement aux besoins éducatifs des EHPI. Les enseignants sont parfois hostiles aux programmes spécifiques aux EHPI et ont une préférence pour la différenciation pédagogique au sein de leur classe. L’objectif de ce chapitre est double : (1) réaliser une revue de la littérature sur la mise en œuvre de la différenciation pédagogique fournie aux EHPI, et (2) discuter le défi et l’importance du développement professionnel dans la mise en place de la différenciation pédagogique auprès des EHPI.
Pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan operator produksi PT Kondobo Textindo Subang
Authors: Patriot Nusa  , Nasution Winda Suci Lestari
Published: July 2024

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan operator produksi PT Kondobo Textindo Subang.
Metodologi/Pendekatan: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan metode survey.
Hasil: Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan operator produksi PT Kondobo Textindo Subang berada pada kategori sedang. Besarnya pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kepuasan karyawan adalah 18,9%, sedangkan 81,1% sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak diteliti.
Implikasi Praktis: Penelitian ini memberi masukan untuk pegawai agar ikut aktif dalam menciptakan dan memelihara lingkungan kerja yang mendukung agar dapat mencapai tingkat kepuasan kerja yang optimal.
Kebaruan: Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pemahaman tentang pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan
Transformasi pada PT Sintas Kurama Perdana untuk meningkatkan kinerja di masa depan
Authors: Ernie Soedarwati  , Sopian Dede
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah dengan adanya transformasi, perusahaan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya di masa yang akan datang. Perusahaan mengalami penurunan keuangan yang terllihat dari pendapatan semakin menurun yang dikarenakan menurunnya penjualan yang disebabkan oleh rendahnya volume produksi dan harga jual. Penurunan penjulan disertai biaya pokok penjualan yang mengalami peningkatan dikarenakan naiknya harga bahan baku dan bahan penolong. Selain itu beban umum dan administrasi di tahun 2015 dan 2016 juga mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan dan menyebabkan perusahaan mengalami kerugian yang berdampak pada penurunan ekuitas. Penelitian kualitatif menjadi pilihan penulis dengan menggunakan kerangka analisa (analytical framework), jenis penelitian, sumber dan jenis data, cara mengolah data, dan upaya menjaga kualitas penelitian. Dengan teori-teori perubahan maka hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan ekuitas disebabkan adanya pembagian dividen kepada pemegang saham yang telah ditetapkan dan diputuskan oleh RUPS, kerugian disebabkan penjualan mengalami penurunan karena terjadi penghentian proses produksi namun beban pokok produksi meningkat karena peningkatan harga bahan baku CO dan bahan penolong serta terdapat peningkatan biaya umum dan administrasi karena terdapat reklasifikasi sebagian beban pokok penjualan ke beban umum dan administrasi karena penghentian produksi.
Pengaruh kedisiplinan kerja dan kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai di Desa Cibeber Kecamatan Kiarapedes Purwakarta
Authors: Purwana Krisdanu , Andriani Indri , Munawar Hasan
Published: July 2024

Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh kedisiplinan kerja pegawai dan kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai di Desa Cibeber. Metodologi/Pendekatan: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Teknik penarikan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian, adalah teknik non-probability sampling dengan jenis sampel jenuh.
Hasil: Tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kedisiplinan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai. Tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara kedisiplinan kerja dan kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai.
Implikasi Praktis: Penelitian ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi pihak pimpinan terkait terkait pengaruh kedisiplinan kerja dan kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai.
Kebaruan: Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan literatur mengenai manajemen sumber daya manusia berkaitan dengan kedisiplinan kerja pegawai, kepemimpinan, serta kinerja pegawai di sektor pemerintahan desa.
Pengaruh preferensi risiko eksekutif, arus kas bebas dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap manajemen laba
Authors: Christian  , Riswandari Ernie
Published: July 2024

Tujuan: Studi ini menyelidiki bagaimana preferensi risiko eksekutif, arus kas bebas, dan ukuran perusahaan berdampak pada manajemen laba pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.
Metodologi/Pendekatan: Penelitian ini menganalisis 156 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2015 hingga 2017. Metode purposive sampling digunakan untuk memilih sampel penelitian. 54 perusahaan manufaktur dipilih berdasarkan kriteria yang ditetapkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, yang dilakukan menggunakan program SPSS versi 22.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel preferensi risiko eksekutif tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba, variabel arus kas bebas berpengaruh negatif terhadap manajemen laba, variabel ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba.
Implikasi Praktis: Dari hasil temuan ini menunjukan bahwa free cash flow menjadi salah satu faktor yang berpotensi dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya praktek manajemen laba.
Kebaruan: Terdapatnya variable preferensi risiko eksekutif pada variable bebas yang masih jarang dilakukan.
DETERMINANTS OF RISK DISCLOSURE IN TOP-PERFORMING AUTOMOBILE COMPANIES IN INDIA
Authors:   CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., Ganesaraman Anutthama , Jain Arya ,   CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., Ramasubramanian Varshini ,   CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., MP Sunil ,   CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Published: July 2024

Considering the business environment, operations, and regulatory environment companies operate in, disclosure requirements per the regulatory authorities have been more stringent. This study examined the degree of disclosure of risk information disclosed by companies established in India in the automobile sector listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and listed international companies with unlisted subsidiaries in India. This study also aims to identify the governance attributes that influenced the practice of risk disclosure among the selected companies in India. The main risks in top-performing automobile companies in India have disclosed are examined in this paper, along with the board characteristics associated with the disclosure of corporate risk information. The variables included in the study are board size, board independence, and ownership concentration. The content analysis approach was adopted to determine the degree of risk disclosure practices. This study has also applied the descriptive statistics method and fixed effect analysis to measure the degree of information disclosure and to elaborate on the interrelationship between disclosure practices in India and governance attributes. Assessing India's top-performing automobile companies eventually unraveled the risk disclosure practices. Agency and signalling theories were adopted in this study to elucidate the company disclosure practice. The study reveals that there is a significant positive association between board size and the extent of risk disclosure; a significant positive association between board independence and the extent of risk disclosure; and a significant negative association between ownership concentration and the extent of risk disclosure.
Entropy Theory in the Context of Physics Education
Authors: Qian Feng , Jun Jia
Published: July 2024

Entropy, initially a concept in thermodynamics describing the degree of disorder in a system, has been extended to information theory and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The article proposes that the physical classroom teaching system can be viewed as a dissipative structure, promoting the orderly development of students' cognition through openness, non-equilibrium states, and fluctuation mechanisms. Specific strategies include opening up teaching content and methods, creating non-equilibrium state experiments, introducing cognitive fluctuations, and utilizing non-linear effects. These approaches help to stimulate students' desire for knowledge, optimize the teaching process, and achieve efficient physical classroom teaching.
The application of exercise physiology theory in freestyle swimming instruction
Authors: Zhang Mingbo , Ma Bo
Published: July 2024

The theory of exercise physiology serves the practical application of sports training, offering a physiological foundation for freestyle swimming instruction in areas such as movement, breathing, and circulation. It highlights the significant role of core strength in the teaching of freestyle swimming. The theory of exercise physiology not only aids students in deeply experiencing and understanding freestyle swimming techniques but also helps to prevent sports injuries and maintain the effectiveness and safety of exercise, thereby achieving the goals of physical fitness, self-confidence enhancement, and improvement in sports proficiency and performance.
Implementación de políticas públicas. Perspectiva de los Street Level Bureaucrats. Una (re)visión
Authors: Rouquaud Inés Mercedes , Rodríguez García María Jesús , Herrera Gutiérrez María Rosa
Published: July 2024

The problems of public policy implementation, which arose in the North American school, have been and are a topic of concern for academics and scholars, giving rise to several approaches of analysis. The common denominator is the gap between policy objectives and their achievements. This gave rise to the so-called first-generation studies, which originate in the hierarchical or “top-down” view, based on the policy-administration dichotomy. The second generation of studies inverts the focus of the previous analysis and places it at the base of the organizational pyramid, giving rise to the “bottom-up” perspective. This is where the interest of this study is oriented, specifically from the proposal of Lipsky (1971 and 1980), who characterizes and defines public administration personnel at the base level as Street Level Bureaucrats (SLBs), defining the meeting space between bureaucrats and citizens (State and society), where public policies are considered to be executed. From there, multiple studies were generated, mainly in the United States and Northern Europe. However, in Latin America, empirical research on the subject is scarcer. The importance of the approach lies in the possibility of giving visibility to the problem of distribution of social services in a regional context with the need to overcome growing poverty and the problems of public management of most countries in low-income contexts. The paper proposes to review the Street Level Bureaucracy approach and of the most outstanding empirical works in relation to the implementation of social policies, both in the most widely applied countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Northern Europe, as well as in Latin American countries. The main interest is focused on the different institutional contexts of application of the theory and its divergences. The conclusions show the different trajectories, the evolution and expansion over time of the original version of the approach. Also, the need to expand research in Latin America, with adaptations to the context, without resigning institutional aspects.
La europeización de las políticas de prevención de la corrupción en España
Authors: Villoria Mendieta Manuel , Jiménez Sánchez Fernando
Published: July 2024

Discussions on how to prevent corruption are now at the heart of the most influential international organizations and research centers. The best ideas in this field are spreading rapidly through all organizations. This fact has combined with the European response to the economic crisis triggered by COVID-19 to generate a new process of change in Spanish anti-corruption policies. The European Union has created the Next Generation Funds (NGEU) to help the member states hardest hit by the pandemic-related crisis not only to recover from it, but also to put in place the necessary reforms to strengthen their resilience to face similar crises in the future. Given that the management of these funds, according to European regulations, is strongly conditioned not only to ensure their effective and efficient use, but also to avoid any risk of corruption, fraud and conflict of interest, all organizations (public and private) that will have any responsibility in the use of this money are obliged to develop solid control schemes that minimize such risks. This fact represents a unique opportunity for the Europeanization and improvement of Spanish anti-corruption policies. This work analyzes, comparatively with previous anti-corruption reforms, the model of change that this reform represents. It also describes the general lines of hard and soft regulation approved on this matter in Spain, as well as the implementation that the ministries most affected by the management of NGEU are carrying out of the control systems promoted by the EU. This work evaluates its positive, but also the negative ones derived from a vertical, abrupt, and accelerated model of change.
Konvergensi Teori Hukum Dan Teknologi: Membahas Perubahan Dalam Era Digital
Authors: Alfred M Sinaga Rio
Published: July 2024

Saat ini perkembangan teknologi sangatlah pesat di tengah-tengah masyarakat seiring dengan tuntutan perkembangan jaman dan banyak membawa perubahan di era digital ini, sementara pengaturan hukum terhadap perkembangan teknologi baru dijalankan setelah teknologi tersebut telah diterapkan di masyarakat luas. Oleh sebab itu penerapan hukum sangatlah diperlukan seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi agar perkembangan teknologi tersebut dapat bermanfaat bagi pengguna terutama masyarakat di Indonesia. Hukum dituntut juga untuk dapat mengikuti teknologi baru dan juga perkambangan teknologi kedepannya. Dengan adanya kemampuan hukum dalam mengantisipasi perkembangan teknologi yang begitu cepat, maka diharapkan juga teknologi yang nantinya digunakan di masyarakat dapat mendatangkan kesejahteraan bagi para pemakainya. Apabila teknologi berkembang tanpa adanya pemantauan dari hukum, dikhawatirkan nantinya teknologi baru dan perkembangan teknologi kedepannya dapat berdampak yang tidak baik baik pemakai, masyarakat terutama bagi penerus generasi muda yang sangat bergantung kepada perkembangan teknologi di masa depan yang serba digital.
Mengurai Isu-Isu Privasi: Peran Hukum Dalam Melindungi Data dan Identitas Pribadi
Authors: - Ricky
Published: July 2024

Setiap orang harus memiliki data pribadi. Data pribadi merupakan sesuatu yang penting dan melekat pada setiap orang. Data pribadi merupakan sesuatu yang bersifat sensitif. Data pribadi adalah sesuatu yang harus dilindungi karna sejatinya merupakan hak privasi setiap orang. Hak privasi merupakan sebuah hak konstitusional pada warga negara yang sudah diatur dalam Undang – Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Hak konstitusional merupakan kewajiban dari suatu negara terhadap warga negaranya. Tujuan dan fokus dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hakekat dari perlindungan hukum tentang data pribadi seseorang sebagai hak privasi dan bentuk sebuah perlindungan hukum data pribadi sebagai hak privasi di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif, dengan conseptual approach. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap data pribadi sebagai privasi di Indonesia saat ini dngan menerapkan beberapa pasal yang tersirat mengatur mengenai data pribadi. Indonesia belum mempunyai peraturan perundang – undangan yang menjadi sebuah dasar hukum perlindungan terhadap data pribadi seseorang. Maka dari itu, dalam perlindungan hukum data pribadi, Indonesia mengalami kekosongan norma sehingga tidak dapat secara kurang maksimal melindungi data pribadi warga negara. Peneliti berpendapat bahwa agar dibentuk sebuah lembaga tersendiri yang dapat menangani secara khusus dan manjadi masukan dalam RUU Perlindungan data pribadi dan perlu di perbaharui lagi untuk RUU Perlindungan Data Pribadi.
Systemic pharmacological suppression of neural activity reverses learning impairment in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome
Authors: Shakhawat Amin MD , Foltz Jacqueline G , Nance Adam B , Bhateja Jaydev , Raymond Jennifer L
Published: July 2024

The enhancement of associative synaptic plasticity often results in impaired rather than enhanced learning. Previously, we proposed that such learning impairments can result from saturation of the plasticity mechanism (Nguyen-Vu et al., 2017), or, more generally, from a history-dependent change in the threshold for plasticity. This hypothesis was based on experimental results from mice lacking two class I major histocompatibility molecules, MHCI H2-Kb and H2-Db (MHCI KbDb−/−), which have enhanced associative long-term depression at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum (PF-Purkinje cell LTD). Here, we extend this work by testing predictions of the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis in a second mouse line with enhanced PF-Purkinje cell LTD, the Fmr1 knockout mouse model of Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Mice lacking Fmr1 gene expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells (L7-Fmr1 KO) were selectively impaired on two oculomotor learning tasks in which PF-Purkinje cell LTD has been implicated, with no impairment on LTD-independent oculomotor learning tasks. Consistent with the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis, behavioral pre-training designed to reverse LTD at the PF-Purkinje cell synapses eliminated the oculomotor learning deficit in the L7-Fmr1 KO mice, as previously reported in MHCI KbDb−/−mice. In addition, diazepam treatment to suppress neural activity and thereby limit the induction of associative LTD during the pre-training period also eliminated the learning deficits in L7-Fmr1 KO mice. These results support the hypothesis that cerebellar LTD-dependent learning is governed by an experience-dependent sliding threshold for plasticity. An increased threshold for LTD in response to elevated neural activity would tend to oppose firing rate stability, but could serve to stabilize synaptic weights and recently acquired memories. The metaplasticity perspective could inform the development of new clinical approaches for addressing learning impairments in autism and other disorders of the nervous system.
SERBP1 interacts with PARP1 and is present in PARylation-dependent protein complexes regulating splicing, cell division, and ribosome biogenesis
Authors: Breunig Kira , Lei Xiufen , Montalbano Mauro , Guardia Gabriela D. A. , Ostadrahimi Shiva , Alers Victoria , Kosti Adam , Chiou Jennifer , Klein Nicole , Vinarov Corina , Wang Lily , Li Mujia , Song Weidan , Kraus W. Lee , Libich David S. , Tiziani Stefano , Weintraub Susan T. , Galante Pedro A. F. , Penalva Luiz O. F.
Published: July 2024

RNA binding proteins (RBPs) containing intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are present in diverse molecular complexes where they function as dynamic regulators. Their characteristics promote liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and the formation of membraneless organelles such as stress granules and nucleoli. IDR-RBPs are particularly relevant in the nervous system and their dysfunction is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumor development. SERBP1 is a unique member of this group, being mostly disordered and lacking canonical RNA-binding domains. Using a proteomics approach followed by functional analysis, we defined SERBP1’s interactome. We uncovered novel SERBP1 roles in splicing, cell division, and ribosomal biogenesis and showed its participation in pathological stress granules and Tau aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease brains. SERBP1 preferentially interacts with other G-quadruplex (G4) binders, implicated in different stages of gene expression, suggesting that G4 binding is a critical component of SERBP1 function in different settings. Similarly, we identified important associations between SERBP1 and PARP1/polyADP-ribosylation (PARylation). SERBP1 interacts with PARP1 and its associated factors and influences PARylation. Moreover, protein complexes in which SERBP1 participates contain mostly PARylated proteins and PAR binders. Based on these results, we propose a feedback regulatory model in which SERBP1 influences PARP1 function and PARylation, while PARylation modulates SERBP1 functions and participation in regulatory complexes.
A delta-tubulin/epsilon-tubulin/Ted protein complex is required for centriole architecture
Authors: Pudlowski Rachel , Xu Lingyi , Milenkovic Ljiljana , Kumar Chandan , Hemsworth Katherine , Aqrabawi Zayd , Stearns Tim , Wang Jennifer T
Published: July 2024

Centrioles have a unique, conserved architecture formed by three linked “triplet” microtubules arranged in nine-fold symmetry. The mechanisms by which these triplet microtubules are formed are not understood and likely involve the noncanonical tubulins delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin. Previously, we found that human cells deficient in delta-tubulin or epsilon-tubulin form abnormal centrioles, characterized by an absence of triplet microtubules, lack of central core protein POC5, and a futile cycle of centriole formation and disintegration (Wang et al., 2017). Here, we show that human cells lacking either of the associated proteins TEDC1 and TEDC2 have these same phenotypes. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we find that mutant centrioles elongate to the same length as control centrioles in G2-phase. These mutants fail to recruit inner scaffold proteins of the central core and have an expanded proximal region. During mitosis, the mutant centrioles elongate further before fragmenting and disintegrating. All four proteins physically interact and TEDC1 and TEDC2 are capable forming a subcomplex in the absence of the tubulins. These results support an AlphaFold Multimer model of the tetramer in which delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin are predicted to form a heterodimer. TEDC1 and TEDC2 localize to centrosomes and are mutually dependent on each other and on delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin for localization. Our results demonstrate that delta-tubulin, epsilon-tubulin, TEDC1, and TEDC2 function together to promote robust centriole architecture. This work also lays the groundwork for future molecular studies of this complex, providing a basis for determining the mechanisms that underlie the assembly and interplay between the triplet microtubules and inner centriole structure.
A Case Study on Different Foxtail Millet Based Food Recipes in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Chaturvedi Abhimanyu , Kumar Narendra , Pratap Arvind , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: July 2024

The foxtail millet is a major crop grown in state of Arunachal Pradesh, India. This crop falls under millet; which is now treating as most important grain for human health. Different studies have proven that foxtail millet has good amount of antioxidants which is beneficial for human health. The team of Farm Science Centre, district- Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh, India caried out a research programme during July- August, 2023 in six villages. Ten person per village were interviewed (who were involved in cooking of foxtail millet recipes) and a total sixty persons were interviewed during the course of study. The local name of foxtail millet, different names of recipes made by its and their ingredients (local herbs, spices, vegetables) method of preparation of recipes were asked in detail with selected farmers. Team founded that total 12 recipes are prominently consumed by tribal peoples in the selected area.
Standardization of Propagation Techniques in Annual Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) for Enhancing Crop Uniformity
Authors: Balakumbahan R. , Ravindran C. , Sivakumar V.
Published: July 2024

An investigation on annual Moringa, Moringa oleifera Lam., var., (PKM 1 and PKM2) with the objective of standardizing the method of vegetative propagation was carried out at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam. the treatment consisted of three factors viz., cultivars (Factor 1: Moringa variety PKM 1 and PKM2), propagation methods (Factor 2: hardwood cuttings, semi hardwood cuttings and air layering) and application of different concentration of growth regulator IBA (Factor 3:0, 1500, 2500 and 4000 ppm) and the trial was laid out with twenty four treatments using Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The overall result revealed that the treatment combinations of PKM 1 air layering treated with IBA 4000 ppm registered the highest dry matter content of root (70.00%) and PKM 1 hardwood cuttings treated with IBA 4000 ppm recorded the highest dry shoot to root ratio (9.19). In PKM 2 semi hardwood cuttings treated with IBA 1500 ppm registered the highest root length (16.30cm) and dry matter content of shoot (61.99%). PKM 2 air layers treated with IBA 4000 ppm took minimum number of days to root (17.99 days), days to sprout (9.85 days) had the highest root fresh weight (2.70g), root dry weight (1.80g), shoot fresh weight (12.52g) and shoot dry weight (6.90g). This study concluded that air layering with 2500 to 4000 ppm IBA treatment is best pro pragation method for PKM1 and PKM 2 annual moringa.
Minor Millets: Miracle Grain of South India
Authors: C Sharmila Bharathi, , Elango A.
Published: July 2024

Minor millets are important traditional food crops for dry land farmers in India. India has the third largest area under minor millets cultivation in the world. Minor millets such as finger millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, kodo millet, little millet and barnyard millet are considered as a climate-smart crop. Since these crops are widely divergent for thermo and photoperiods and hence these are known for their climatic resilience and are relatively less prone to biotic stress factors. Added these crops are rich in protein, fat, crude fiber, iron and other minerals and vitamins with low glycemic index in comparison to cereals like wheat and rice.  Hence they are labelled as nutri- cereals and act as the source of food, feed and fodder. Minor millets have curative and nutrient - rich properties in the form of antioxidants which prevent weakening of human health such as lowering blood pressure, risk of heart disease, obesity, prevention of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes etc. Owing to its health benefits, the minor millets output has increased recently due to the availability of high-yielding varieties, pest and disease - resistant varieties, and improved cultivation techniques, rising by 1.05 percent annually. This review aims to document the production status, demand, varietal diversity, current consumption pattern, processing, nutrient composition and therapeutic potential of minor millets for further research on various aspects.
Selective UV Reflecting Mirrors Based on Nanoparticle Multilayers
Authors: Smirnov J. R. Castro , Calvo Mauricio E. , Míguez Hernán
Published: January 2013

A new type of nanostructured selective ultraviolet (UV) reflecting mirror is presented. Periodic porous multilayers with photonic crystal properties are built by spin‐coating‐assisted layer‐by‐layer deposition of colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles of ZrO2 and SiO2 (electronic band gap at λ < 220 nm). These optical filters are designed to block well‐defined wavelength ranges of the UVA, UVB, and UVC regions of the electromagnetic spectrum while preserving transparency in the visible. The shielding against those spectral regions arises exclusively from optical interference phenomena and depends only on the number of stacked layers and the refractive index contrast between them. In addition, it is shown that the accessible pore network of the as‐deposited multilayer allows preparing thin, flexible, self‐standing, transferable, and adaptable selective UV filters by polymer infiltration, without significantly losing reflectance intensity, i.e., preserving the dielectric contrast. These films offer a degree of protection comparable to that of traditional ones, without any foreseeable unwanted secondary effects, such as photodegradation, increase of local temperature or, as is the case for organic absorbers, generation of free radicals, all of which are caused by light absorption.
Methods for Controlling Structure and Photophysical Properties in Polyfluorene Solutions and Gels
Authors: Knaapila Matti , Monkman Andrew P.
Published: January 2013

Knowledge of the phase behavior of polyfluorene solutions and gels has expanded tremendously in recent years. The relationship between the structure formation and photophysics is known at the quantitative level. The factors which we understand control these relationships include virtually all important materials parameters such as solvent quality, side chain branching, side chain length, molecular weight, thermal history and myriad functionalizations. This review describes advances in controlling structure and photophysical properties in polyfluorene solutions and gels. It discusses the demarcation lines between solutions, gels, and macrophase separation in conjugated polymers and reviews essential solid state properties needed for understanding of solutions. It gives an insight into polyfluorene and polyfluorene beta phase in solutions and gels and describes all the structural levels in solvent matrices, ranging from intramolecular structures to the diverse aggregate classes and network structures and agglomerates of these units. It goes on to describe the kinetics and thermodynamics of these structures. It details the manifold molecular parameters used in their control and continues with the molecular confinement and touches on permanently cross‐linked networks. Particular focus is placed on the experimental results of archetypical polyfluorenes and solvent matrices and connection between structure and photonics. A connection is also made to the mean field type theories of hairy‐rod like polymers. This altogether allows generalizations and provides a guideline for materials scientists, synthetic chemists and device engineers as well, for this important class of semiconductor, luminescent polymers.