bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different Intervention Approaches and Energy Efficiency Relationship in Reuse of Historical Buildings
Authors: GENÇ Gökhan , BEYHAN Figen
Published: July 2023

Preserving the original qualities of historical buildings, renewing them in a way that can meet the requirements of today's living conditions, is one of the most preferred methods in terms of ensuring their sustainability. Physical
or economic reasons are important in the interventions carried out for the refunctioning of these structures. Although there are restrictions in these interventions within the framework of international conventions and regulations
on protection, different design approaches are implemented in historical buildings according to the approaches of the designers. In these approaches, within the framework of international protection criteria, applications can be
carried out in a way that is contrary to the historical texture, as well as in applications that are carried out in harmony with the historical texture. In the examples made in harmony with the materials, colors, scales and architectural
elements of the historical texture, intervention drawings are made by considering the written and visual data containing the state of the historical building from a period in the past, and the applications are carried out in this
original state, similar to the original one. In the applications that are carried out in a way that is opposite to the historical texture, projects that contain harmony between the contrasts are implemented by using modern materials
in the historical texture built with traditional materials. Today, successful applications are carried out in both types of design. In this context, the methods of intervention in historical buildings differ according to the approaches
of the designers. Different design approaches affect the energy efficiency of historical buildings differently. In this study, which deals with this issue as a problem, five scenarios covering the basic approaches including similar
to the current situation and the old/original state, were created on a sample historical building, and the data of each scenario in the context of energy consumption and carbon emissions were determined by the design builder simulation
program. In the light of these data, evaluations were made by comparing the energy efficiency of different approaches, and suggestions were developed in the context of energy efficiency regarding the interventions to be made to
historical buildings.
Determination of Social Skill Levels of Individuals Who Do Cycling and Who Never Do Sports
Authors: ÇELEBİ Cansu , BAYAZIT Betül , UZUNER Muhammet Eyüp
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı bisiklet sporu yapan ve hiç spor yapmayan bireylerin sosyal beceri düzeylerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada Riggio (1986) tarafından geliştirilen ve Yüksel (1998) tarafından Türkçe diline uyarlanmış olan Sosyal
Beceri Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Envanterde 90 madde ve 6 alt boyut bulunmaktadır. Her bir alt boyut 15 maddeden oluşmaktadır. 5’li likert tipi bir envanterdir. Envanterden alnabilecek en düşük puan 1, en yüksek puan ise 5 olmaktadır.
Araştırma için Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Etik Kurulu’ ndan 21/11/2019 tarihinde 87345 sayılı etik kurul onayı alınmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde, istatistiksel analizler için IBM SPSS Statistics
22.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma verileri değerlendirilirken tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin (Ortalama, Standart sapma) yanı sıra verilerin normal dağılıma uygunluğu Kolmogorov Smirnov testi aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir.
Verilerin normal dağılıma uygun oldukları belirlenmiş olup iki grup arasındaki karşılaştırmada Independent Samples T testi kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi 0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Duyuşsal anlatımcılık, duyuşsal kontrol,
sosyal anlatımcılık, sosyal kontrol puan ortalamalarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunamazken, duyuşsal duyarlılık ve sosyal duyarlılık puan ortalamalarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Hiç
spor yapmayan bireylerin duyuşsal duyarlılık ve sosyal duyarlılık alt boyutlarındaki puanları bisiklet sporu yapan bireylerden anlamlı farklılığa sebep olacak kadar yüksektir. Bu sonuçlara göre sporun sosyalleşme süreçlerine ve
düzeylerine etkisi olduğu söylenebilir.
Examining Traditional Houses By Typological Analysis Method: Duzce - Akcakoca Example
Authors: AKARCA Hande , YILDIZ Nuray BENLİ , KAYA Ayşegül , ÖZKARACA Nuray
Published: July 2023

Konut, kültürün yansıdığı en yaygın ve önemli mimari yapı olup birçok çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Toplumların yaşama biçimlerinin, ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve çevre ile kurdukları ilişkilerinin analiz edilmesinde konut araştırmaları
her zaman öncelikli bir başvuru kaynağı olmuştur. Düzce ili, tarih boyunca farklı etnik kökenli halkların ekonomik ve siyasal nedenlerle sürekli olarak yeni yerleşimler kurduğu toprakları sınırları içinde bulundurmuştur. Tarihin
ilk çağlarından bu yana sürekli olarak yerleşilmiş olan bu topraklarda 20. yüzyılın başlarına kadar tarihlenebilen kitlesel göçler gerçekleşmiştir. Düzce’ye bağlı Akçakoca ilçesi de yoğun göçler ve Karadeniz kıyısında bir ticaret
limanı olmasına bağlı olarak çok kültürlülüğün yoğun bir şekilde gözlemlenebildiği bir yerleşim merkezidir. Akçakoca Kentsel Sit alanı içinde bulunan tarihi Yukarı Mahalle nüfus yoğunluğu açısından geçmişte Türk kökenli ailelerin
bir arada yaşadığı bir bölgedir. Bu bölgede makale kapsamında incelenen 33 adet geleneksel konut, Tipolojik Analiz Yöntemi kullanılarak Türk Evi tipolojisi ekseninde yorumlanmıştır. Geçmişte dükkân olarak kullanılmış olan giriş
katların özgün tasarımı ve konut olarak kullanılan üst katların süreç içinde değişen ihtiyaçlara paralel olarak gösterdiği mekânsal değişimler nedeniyle doğru bir sınıflandırma yapılabilmesi amacıyla hem giriş hem de birinci katlar
üzerinden plan tipi çalışması yürütülmüştür. Yapılar, odaların mekânsal dizilimi ve sofa ve eyvanların kullanım şekline bağlı olarak incelenmiş ve literatürde yer alan ‘Türk Evi’ tipolojisinin gelişim aşamaları kapsamında belirlenen
üç ana alt tipe göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Akçakoca’da bulunan geleneksel konutların mekânsal gelişim açısından ‘Türk Evi’ tipolojik özelliklerini 20. yüzyıl ortalarına dek kesintisiz olarak sürdürülmüş olması, büyük kentlerde apartmanlaşmaya
geçildiği dönemlerde geleneksel sistemin bölgedeki yaşam koşullarına adapte edilebildiği sonucunu ortaya koymaktadır.
The Place of Glasses in Self-Portraits with Symbolic Meanings
Authors: DORA Yasemin
Published: July 2023

Görme duyusu canlılarda diğer duyulara göre çok daha baskın olan bir yetidir ve bozukluklarının düzeltilmesi için tarih boyunca çaba sarf edilmiştir. Kitaplar yaygınlaşasıya kadar gözlük etkili olarak kullanılamamış, gelişmesi ise
matbaanın bulunuşuyla olmuştur. Aynı zamanda gözlük de kitapların yaygınlaşmasını sağlamıştır. Çok okuyan kişilerin çevrelerinden uzaklaşması, zamanla gözlüğün anlamının değişmesine yola açmış, dünyaya basılı sayfalardan bakan
budalaları simgelemeye başlamıştır. Anlam değişikliğinin diğer nedeni, erken dönemde gözlüğün görmeyi yeterince düzeltememesidir. Böylece ahmaklar ya da cimriler de resim sanatında gözlükle betimlenmişlerdir. Batı sanatında otoportrelerde
17.yüzyıldan itibaren gözlükler görülmeye başlanır ve statüye, zenginliğe, araştırmacılığa, kibre, entelektüelliğe ya da yaşlılığa gönderme yapmaktadır. Gözleri gizlemek, düşünceleri saklamak amacıyla da gözlük kullanılmıştır.
Avrupa’da yaşlanma, çirkinleşme ve eldekilerin yitimi olarak algılandığı için otoportrelerde gözlük betimi ancak 20.yüzyıldan sonra artar. Osmanlı Devleti’nde kullanımı 19.yüzyılda yaygınlaşan gözlük, Avrupa kültüründe olduğu gibi
öncelikle entelektüelliği ve deneyimi çağrıştırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte gözlük kullananlar için dört göz, camgöz gibi lakaplar kullanılmaktadır. Bu ifadeler hem küçümseme barındırmakta hem de kurnaz ve açgözlü kişiler için kullanılmaktadır.
Türk resim sanatında otoportreler, Batılılaşma çabalarıyla beraber, Avrupa’ya eğitim için yollanan sanatçılarımızla birlikte görülmeye başlanır. Bu dönemde gözlükler de otoportrelerde yer almaya başlar. 20.yüzyılın ikinci yarısında
soyutlama eğilimlerinin ön plana çıkmasına rağmen, figüratif resim tamamen kaybolmaz ve otoportreler üretilmeye devam eder. Yine bu dönemde gözlük betimlerinin artışından bahsedilebilir. Bunun sebepleri arasında gözlüğe erişimin
kolaylaşması, yaşı ve deneyimi ifade etmesi, gözlük camlarında yansımalarla oluşan ışık oyunlarının ustalığı göstermesi bazen de duyguların saklanma çabası sayılabilir.
Werther Effect Approach and Evaluation of Suicide News in Turkey in the Context of Digital Journalism
Authors: ÇETİN Birsen
Published: July 2023

Günümüzde, medyanın toplumlar üzerinde büyük ve önemli etkileri olduğu açıktır. Öyle ki medyadaki temsiller toplumdaki bireyler tarafından taklit edilebilmektedir. 1970’li yıllarda David Phillips tarafından ortaya konan medyada Werther
etkisi adlı yaklaşım bu bağlamda önem taşımaktadır. Çünkü Phillips, gazetelerde yer alan intihar haberleri ile intihar davranışının toplumdaki bireyler tarafından taklit edilmesi arasındaki bağlantıyı göstermiştir. Günümüzde de
bu doğrultuda uluslararası kuruluşlar, akademisyenler ve uzmanlar intihar haberlerinin ne şekilde hazırlanması gerektiği konusunda çalışmalar sürdürmekte ve gazeteciler için rehberlik niteliği taşıyan yayınlar yapmaktadır. Buna
göre haberin içeriğinde intihar yeri, intihar yöntemi, intihar notu, intihar eden kişinin psikolojik durumu ve diğer özel durumları hakkında bilgi verilmemesi gerekmemektedir. Ayrıca haberin dili sansasyonellikten uzak olmalı,
haberde duygusal ifadeler kullanmaktan kaçınılmalı, intihar eden kişi ve intihar davranışı yüceltilmemeli ya da aşağılanmamalıdır. Haberde bireyleri intihardan uzak tutacak önerilere yer vermenin ve bu konuda uzman görüşüne başvurmanın
önemli olduğu da açıktır. Söz konusu veriler ışığında, bu çalışmada 10 Ocak 2022 tarihinde intihar etmiş olan Enes Kara adlı genç hakkındaki haberler online haber sitelerinde ele alınma biçimi bağlamında araştırılmaktadır. Özellikle
genç ve kırılgan durumda olan bireyler açısından intihar haberlerinin daha dikkatli hazırlanması gerektiği öngörüsüyle yapılan araştırma sonucunda, evrensel kuralların yeterince göz önünde bulundurulmadığı ve gazetecilerin haber
hazırlarken sorumlu habercilik bağlamında daha dikkatli davranmaları gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Exploring Fish Eating Habits: Factors Influencing Feeding Behavior in Tropical Fish
Authors: Pratiwy Fittrie Mellianawaty , Haetami Kiki , Sinaga Juli A.
Published: July 2023

Feeding behavior is the way fish find, select, and consume food. Understanding fish eating behavior is important to knowing the fulfillment of nutrition and optimal growth in fish. The purpose of writing this article is to determine the factors that influence eating behavior and to compare eating habits between different fish species. The writing method used is literature study, with stages of journal search, journal selection, journal analysis, and journal synthesis. Based on the review results of several relevant journals, it is known that the types of fish feed are divided into 3 categories: euryphagic (eats various types of food), stenophagic (eats types of food that are limited to the ecosystem), and monophagic (eats one specific type of food), while based on the food group they are grouped into the three categories are herbivores (eating plants and algae), carnivores (eating meat), and omnivores (eating everything). Factors that influence eating behavior include food availability, environmental conditions, the type of food, and the size of the fish.
Lithostratigraphic Characterization and Petroleum System Elements of the MI Well, Niger Delta Basin
Authors: Efetobore Maju-Oyovwikowhe Gladys , Owenvbiugie Eguagie  Michael
Published: July 2023

This study presents a comprehensive lithostratigraphic characterization of the MI Well in the Niger Delta Basin through microscopic examination of ditch cutting samples. The aim was to identify the lithological units and assess the presence and distribution of petroleum system elements. A total of seventy-two samples ranging in depth from 4500ft-11460ft (1372m-3493m) were analyzed, revealing four lithological units: sandstone, shale, sandy shale, and shaly sand. Through interpretation of the lithological log, the cap/seal rock, reservoir rock, and probable source rock units were identified. The lithostratigraphic model generated from the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the depth intervals and lithological properties of the identified units. The cap/seal rock, with a thickness of approximately 460ft, was found to be the top-most shale lithology. The reservoir rock, comprising sandstone, sandy shale, and shaly sand lithologies, has a thickness of around 1920ft. The lowermost massive shale lithology, approximately 3540ft thick, is interpreted as the probable source rock for the petroleum system. These findings have significant implications for hydrocarbon exploration and production in the Niger Delta Basin. The identification of lithological units and their respective roles as cap/seal, reservoir, and source rocks allows for a better assessment of the hydrocarbon potential in the MI Well. The lithostratigraphic model, along with the established lithozones, offers valuable insights for regional correlation and comparison with other wells in the basin.
Top Edible Wild Plants of Eastern Mediterranean Region. Part I: Anticancer Activity
Authors: Azab Abdullatif
Published: July 2023

Medicinal plants are the major source of natural products that are used for drug discovery and development. Cancer is second cause of disease-related deaths, after cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies were conducted and published where plant materials such as extracts, essential oils, pure natural compounds or their combinations and formulations, were tested for the treatments of cancers, tumors, and their prevention. The fauna of the Middle East region, especially the area between the Mediterranean and the Jordan River (Israel and Palestine), includes some plant species with notable potential anticancer activity. Some of these plants, are known for this activity for centuries, as we know from the traditional medicines of this region. For example, Arum palaestinum is one of the most important plants used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer, and modern studies have confirmed this property. Several natural products that were isolated from this plant were proposed as responsible for this activity. In this review we will introduce the most important edible plants (not including trees) and their published anticancer activity, as well as according to traditional medicine. Important natural product proposed for these activities will be presented, as well as selected mechanism of action. Based on this brief presentation, some future applications and research potentials will be suggested.
Morphological Characterization of Recombinant Inbred Lines of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
Authors: Jawarkar Shivani , Shrivastava M. K. , Satpute G. K. , Amrate Pawan K. , Barela Akash , Nagar Satish Kumar
Published: July 2023

Morphological characterization facilitates the seed production agencies to identify the varieties on phenotypic basis by their distinguished characters. The presence of sufficient variability for various agro-morphological traits, as well as the improvement of these traithrough selection and introduction of new alleles, lines, and accessions into breeding activity from both exotic and indigenous collections, aids in the identification of potential donors. In the present study, 100 genotypes including 96 RIL (recombinant inbred lines), two parental and two national checks were planted at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur. Fourteen phenological trait viz. growth type, growth habit, flower colour, leaf size of lateral leaflet, leaf shape of lateral leaflet, leaf intensity of green colour, pod hairiness, pod: colour of hair, seed size, seed shape, seed coat colour of testa, seed coat lustre, hilum colour and hilum funicle were observed at different growth stages of plants. Among these traits, Semi- determinant growth type (97%), Semi erect growth habit (98%), white flower colour (99%), Pod colour of hair (100%) and hilum funicle same as testa (97%) were most dominating. Whereas Seed coat colour of testa [yellow (74%), yellow-green (24%) and Green (2 %)], Hilum colour [black (48%) and brown (43%) and imperfect black (9%)] and Seed shape [spherical (48%), spherical flattened (33%), flattened (16%) and elongated (3%)] were varied among genotypes.
Assessment of Physical Properties of Soil from Different Villages of Devikulam Block of Idukki District of Kerala, India
Authors: Johnson Neema , Swaroop Narendra , Thomas Tarence , Mohanta Satya Ranjan
Published: July 2023

Assessment of Physical properties of soil from Different villages in the Devikulam block of idukki district of Kerala was carried out in 2022-23. The study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the physical characteristics of soil, over various soil depths in the Devikulam block. Nine sampling locations were selected for the study. A total of 27 soil samples were taken at depths of 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm respectively. The result indicated that the soil of Marayoor, Kanthaloor and Keezhanthoor villages were sandy clay loam in texture. The bulk density and particle density did not vary much with increasing soil depth. The particle density remained constant because the total amount or chemical composition of the soil mineral particles remains unaltered. Water Retaining Capacity of these villages was found to be good. The pore space was found to be higher than water retaining capacity in all the villages. For sustainable soil use and agricultural Production, the physical characteristics of the soil are crucial. The movement of air and water/dissolved chemicals through soil, as well as conditions affecting germination, root growth, and erosion processes.
Soil Characteristics under Different Agroforestry Land Use Systems in Semiarid Region
Authors: Varshitha M. , Chaitanya T. , Neelima T. L. , Jayasree G.
Published: July 2023

A study was conducted to assess the influence of various agroforestry systems on soil physicochemical and chemical parameters in the erstwhile Warangal district, Telangana during the year, 2022. Soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths of different agroforestry land use systems (Eucalyptus, Malabar neem, Sandal wood, Red sanders, Teak, Subabul, Mango + Teak (border plantation), Malabar neem + Sandalwood, Red sanders + Sandalwood plantations) and barren land. The statistical analysis of the data revealed that the soil organic carbon and available nutrients were significantly higher in the surface soil depth (0-20 cm) than in the lower depth (20-40 cm) irrespective of agroforestry systems. Organic carbon and available nutrients were significantly more under all the agroforestry systems compared to barren land in two depths. There is significant interaction between the land use systems and soil depth. Significantly higher OC (5.12 g kg -1), CEC (18.3 c mol p+ kg-1) available N (198 kg ha-1) and available P2O5 (69 kg ha-1) were recorded at 0-20cm depth in eucalyptus plantation and significantly high K2O (530 kg ha-1) was recorded in the teak plantation. Soil organic carbon significantly and positively correlated with cation exchange capacity (r = 0.839**), available N (r = 0.900 **), available P2O5 (r = 0.408**) and available K2O (r = 0.521**) in all the agroforestry land use systems. Therefore, from this study it was reported that raising tree species in barren lands and also as border plantations improves soil fertility through the addition of leaf litter.
Comparative Efficacy of Selected Chemicals with Biopesticides against Yellow Stem Borer, Scirpophaga Incertulas (Walker) on Paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Suresh Muddada , Tayde Anoorag Rajnikant , Chandar Ashok Sakharam
Published: July 2023

The experiment was conducted at the research plot of the Department of Entomology at Central Research Farm (CRF), Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, during the Kharif season of 2022. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications, seven treatments and untreated control were evaluated against, Scirpophaga incertulas i.e., Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G @ 10kg/ha, Spinosad 45% SC @ 200ml/ha, Acephate 75% SP @ 650gm/ha, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 220gm/ha, Bacillus thuringiensis 2ⅹ108 CFU @ 1000gm/ha, Neem oil 5% @ 5lit/ha, Karanj oil 5% @ 5lit/ha and Control. Among the different chemicals and biopesticides, the lowest per cent dead hearts and white ears was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G (4.24%), followed by Spinosad 45% SC (4.54%) and Acephate 75% SP (4.94%). The next best treatments were found to be Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (5.50%), Bacillus thuringiensis 2ⅹ108 CFU (5.71%), Neem oil 5% (5.99%), Karanj oil 5% (7.0%) and the highest dead heart and white ears % infestation of Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) was found in control treatment (14.00%). The highest yield and cost benefit ratio was recorded with Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G (69.33 q/ha) and (1:4.7) followed by Spinosad 45% SC (62.16 q/ha) and (1:3.5), Acephate 75% SP (48.33 q/ha) and (1:3.9), Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (41 q/ha) and (1:3.47), Bacillus thuringiensis 2ⅹ108 CFU (37.66 q/ha) and (1:2.47), Neem oil 5% (29.33 q/ha) and (1:1.87), Karanj oil 5% (22.77 q/ha) and (1:1.8).
Characterization of Finger Millet Genotypes for Terminal Moisture Stress Tolerance Using Reported Indices
Authors: Manjunatha V. T. , Yogeesh L. N. , Ningaraju T. M.
Published: July 2023

The present investigation is carried out to identify drought-tolerant genotypes among 108 finger millet accessions using drought-tolerant indices during Rabi, 2019. Drought tolerance indices like mean productivity (MP), drought susceptible index (DSI), drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) and stress tolerance index (STI) were employed in the screening of the genotypes. The variation in MP values ranged between 11.33-32.24, DSI between 0.03-1.53, DTE between 44.04%-98.90% and STI between 0.26-2.23. The genotypes with high MP, DTE, STI and low DSI were identified as drought-tolerant genotypes. The present study indicates that selection based on stress tolerance indices like MP, DSI, DTE and STI will result in the identification of drought-tolerant genotypes under terminal moisture stress that could reflect finger millet as a “Certain” crop for an “Uncertain” future and a solution to food insecurity and hidden hunger under environments prone to drought stress.
A Short Review of Coronary Artery Lesions in Children
Authors: Zhong Hong Ping , Zhang Ya Qing , Jiao Wenyan
Published: July 2023

Kawasaki disease may be a systemic inflammatory disease with a predominantly intrinsic immune disorder due to exposure of genetically susceptible individuals to various infections and/or environmental triggers. The disease is prevalent in patients with autoimmune diseases or Kawasaki disease in childhood, in men with dyslipidemia, in men with hypertension, in men who are chronic smokers, and can be triggered by infections with autoimmune abnormalities and emotional agitation. Clinicians need to have a better understanding of the immunological mechanisms of the disease and to broaden their thinking about diagnosis and treatment to avoid misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis.
Association of Advisory Committee Votes With US Food and Drug Administration Decision-Making on Prescription Drugs, 2010-2021
Authors: Daval C. Joseph Ross , Teng Theodore W. , Russo Massimiliano , Kesselheim Aaron S.
Published: July 2023

Importance

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) often relies on independent advisory committees when making decisions about the approval of prescription drugs or their withdrawal from the market. These committees provide the FDA with valuable insight and an opportunity to build public trust through transparent deliberation, but recent controversies have raised questions about the optimal use of FDA advisory committees.

Objective

To assess the frequency, purposes, and voting outcomes of human drug advisory committees convened from 2010 to 2021 and the FDA’s corresponding actions.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study used a manual review of meeting summaries prepared by FDA staff for the 18 human drug advisory committees active at any time from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021, as well as FDA announcements and press releases, drug labels and approval data, industry publications, and company press releases.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes of votes on regulatory questions were recorded using meeting minutes. Alignment of FDA action with advisory votes for new drugs and indications was judged as of 1 year after the vote was held and as of November 30, 2022.

Results

The FDA held 409 human drug advisory committee meetings from 2010 to 2021. Committees were convened less frequently over time, from a high of 50 in 2012 to a low of 18 in 2020 and 2021. Much of this decrease occurred at committee meetings involving votes on initial approvals, which declined from a high of 26 in 2012 to a low of 8 in 2021. Overall, FDA regulatory actions aligned with 262 of 298 advisory committee votes on initial approvals, supplemental approvals, withdrawals of approval, and safety actions (88%). Approval followed 142 of 147 positive votes for initial approvals (97%) and 33 of 36 positive votes for supplemental indications (92%), while nonapproval followed 40 of 60 negative votes on initial approvals (67%) and 18 of 21 negative votes on supplemental indications (86%).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this qualitative study, there was consistent alignment between advisory votes and FDA action across years and subject areas, but the number of meetings decreased over time. Discordance between FDA actions and advisory committee votes was most frequently an approval after a negative vote. This study demonstrated that these committees have played a key role in the FDA’s decision-making process but that the FDA sought independent expert advice less frequently over time even as it continued to follow it. The role of advisory committees in the current regulatory landscape should be more clearly and publicly defined.
National Assessment of Pediatric Readiness of US Emergency Departments During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Remick Katherine E. , Hewes Hilary A. , Ely Michael , Schmuhl Patricia , Crady Rachel , Cook Lawrence J. , Ludwig Lorah , Gausche-Hill Marianne
Published: July 2023

Importance

The National Pediatric Readiness Project assessment provides a comprehensive evaluation of the readiness of US emergency departments (EDs) to care for children. Increased pediatric readiness has been shown to improve survival for children with critical illness and injury.

Objectives

To complete a third assessment of pediatric readiness of US EDs during the COVID-19 pandemic, to examine changes in pediatric readiness from 2013 to 2021, and to evaluate factors associated with current pediatric readiness.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this survey study, a 92-question web-based open assessment of ED leadership in US hospitals (excluding EDs not open 24 h/d and 7 d/wk) was sent via email. Data were collected from May to August 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Weighted pediatric readiness score (WPRS) (range, 0-100, with higher scores indicating higher readiness); adjusted WPRS (ie, normalized to 100 points), calculated excluding points received for presence of a pediatric emergency care coordinator (PECC) and quality improvement (QI) plan.

Results

Of the 5150 assessments sent to ED leadership, 3647 (70.8%) responded, representing 14.1 million annual pediatric ED visits. A total of 3557 responses (97.5%) contained all scored items and were included in the analysis. The majority of EDs (2895 [81.4%]) treated fewer than 10 children per day. The median (IQR) WPRS was 69.5 (59.0-84.0). Comparing common data elements from the 2013 and 2021 NPRP assessments demonstrated a reduction in median WPRS (72.1 vs 70.5), yet improvements across all domains of readiness were noted except in the administration and coordination domain (ie, PECCs), which significantly decreased. The presence of both PECCs was associated with a higher adjusted median (IQR) WPRS (90.5 [81.4-96.4]) compared with no PECC (74.2 [66.2-82.5]) across all pediatric volume categories (P < .001). Other factors associated with higher pediatric readiness included a full pediatric QI plan vs no plan (adjusted median [IQR] WPRS: 89.8 [76.9-96.7] vs 65.1 [57.7-72.8];P < .001) and staffing with board-certified emergency medicine and/or pediatric emergency medicine physicians vs none (median [IQR] WPRS: 71.5 [61.0-85.1] vs 62.0 [54.3-76.0;P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

These data demonstrate improvements in key domains of pediatric readiness despite losses in the health care workforce, including PECCs, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and suggest organizational changes in EDs to maintain pediatric readiness.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Photoswitchable Fluorescent Polymers for Photorewritable Pattern, Anti‐Counterfeiting, and Information Encryption
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Hong , Chen Jian , Tian Yong , Xiang Chongchen , Liu Wanqiang , Zhou Zhihua , Cui Jiaxi , Chen Xudong
Published: July 2023

Photoswitchable fluorescent polymers (PFPs) are emerging as a class of promising systems for photowritable pattern, optical anti‐counterfeiting, and information encryption. They typically use harmful UV light as the stimulus, which often leads to inevitable photobleaching and poor reversibility. To address this issue, visible‐light‐driven PFPs by copolymerization of novel negative photochromic spiropyran monomer and methyl acrylate are developed. The obtained copolymers display bright red fluorescence, which can be reversibly turned off by visible light irradiation. Many appealing features are observed in this system, including fast photo‐responsibility, prominent photo‐reversibility and photostability, simple preparation process, and processability. Their applications in photorewritable patterns, optical anti‐counterfeiting, and information encryption are also demonstrated.
Graphene Oxide Attenuates Toxicity of Amyloid‐β Aggregates in Yeast by Promoting Disassembly and Boosting Cellular Stress Response
Authors: Chen Xin , Pandit Santosh , Shi Lei , Ravikumar Vaishnavi , Køhler Julie Bonne , Svetlicic Ema , Cao Zhejian , Garg Abhroop , Petranovic Dina , Mijakovic Ivan
Published: July 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, with the aggregation of misfolded amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides in the brain being one of its histopathological hallmarks. Recently, graphene oxide (GO) nanoflakes have attracted significant attention in biomedical areas due to their capacity of suppressing Aβ aggregation in vitro. The mechanism of this beneficial effect has not been fully understood in vivo. Herein, the impact of GO on intracellular Aβ42 aggregates and cytotoxicity is investigated using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the model organism. This study finds that GO nanoflakes can effectively penetrate yeast cells and reduce Aβ42 toxicity. Combination of proteomics data and follow‐up experiments show that GO treatment alters cellular metabolism to increases cellular resistance to misfolded protein stress and oxidative stress, and reduces amounts of intracellular Aβ42 oligomers. Additionally, GO treatment also reduces HTT103QP toxicity in the Huntington's disease (HD) yeast model. The findings offer insights for rationally designing GO nanoflakes‐based therapies for attenuating cytotoxicity of Aβ42, and potentially of other misfolded proteins involved in neurodegenerative pathology.
Highly‐Stable CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with an Efficiency of 21.11% via Fluorinated 4‐Amino‐Benzoate Cesium Bifacial Passivation
Authors: Xu Dongfang , Wang Jungang , Duan Yuwei , Yang Shaomin , Zou Hong , Yang Lu , Zhang Na , Zhou Hui , Lei Xuruo , Wu Meizi , Liu Shengzhong , Liu Zhike
Published: July 2023

The poor interface quality between cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) perovskite and the electron transport layer limits the stability and efficiency of CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a 4‐amino‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzoate cesium (ATFC) is designed as a bifacial defect passivator to tailor the perovskite/TiO2 interface. The comprehensive experiments demonstrate that ATFC can not only optimize the conductivity, electron mobility, and energy band structure of the TiO2 layer by passivation of the undercoordinated Ti4+, oxygen vacancy (VO), and free OH defects but also promote the yield of high‐quality CsPbI3 film by synergistic passivation of undercoordinated Pb2+ defects with the CO group and F atom, and limiting I− migration via F···I interaction. Benefiting from the above interactions, the ATFC‐modified CsPbI3 device yields a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.11% and an excellent open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.24 V. Meanwhile, the optimized CsPbI3 PSC maintains 92.74% of its initial efficiency after aging 800 h in air atmosphere, and has almost no efficiency attenuation after tracking at maximum power point for 350 h.
Programming Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Networks with Dynamic Covalent Bonds
Authors: Jin Binjie , Yang Shu
Published: July 2023

A liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) network consisting of dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) is referred as a LCE vitrimer. The mesogen alignment and the network topology can be reprogrammed locally in the LCE vitrimer by activating the bond exchange reactions using an external stimulus. After removal of the external stress, a new network is formed and the reprogrammed shape can be fixed, leading to a different set of the physical properties of the LCE vitrimers. Herein, this type of emerging materials is reviewed by a brief introduction of the fundamentals of LCEs, followed by discussions of various DCBs and the design principles for LCE vitrimers. After a presentation of different strategies to improve the stability and reprogrammability of the registered mesogen alignment, approaches to prepare LCE vitrimers with complex shapes and their actuations are discussed. Potential applications such as self‐healing and recycling, mechanochromic effects, and post‐functionalization of nanopores are also reviewed, followed by the conclusion of the remaining challenges and opportunities.
Moisture‐Thermal Stable, Superhydrophilic Alumina‐Based Ceramics Fabricated by a Selective Laser Sintering 3D Printing Strategy for Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Wu Zhenhua , Sun Dong , Shi Congcan , Chen Shuang , Tang Sihan , Li Yike , Yan Chunze , Shi Yusheng , Su Bin
Published: July 2023

The solar‐driven interface evaporation is one of the most promising technologies for desalination and wastewater purification. However, in the ebb and flow of the tide, water absorbed in the hydrophilic evaporator bottom would significantly change, leading to the shape deformation of the system and further failure of solar steam generation. Here it is reported that the moisture‐thermal stable and superhydrophilic alumina‐based ceramics can be fabricated by a selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing strategy. The printed alumina‐based ceramics possess superhydrophilicity. Along the side surface of the printed sample, a 5 µL water droplet can be fast absorbed in 14 ms. Most importantly, they can maintain stable and high evaporation efficiency even after being dried out for ten times, demonstrating the excellent physical resistance to continuous moisture‐thermal transition. Finally, the “I‐shaped” evaporators are printed with salt‐resistant ability, which can maintain a steady high evaporation efficiency in seawater and 20 wt% brine for long‐term steam generation process. The moisture‐thermal stable alumina‐based ceramics prepared in this work will provide inspiration for stable solar steam generation materials, and expand the development of 3D printing functional materials.
A Multidirectional Locomotion Light‐Driven Soft Crawling Robot
Authors: Han Lei , Si Jiawei , Zhu Bo , Wang Rui , Wu Chenggen , Guo Miaomiao
Published: July 2023

Soft robots based on bionics with multi‐freedom and communication abilities have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, the solutions for soft robots with multidirectional locomotion currently concentrate on complex drive modes and exhibit application unfriendliness. In this work, an untethered multidirectional locomotion light‐driven soft crawling robot is proposed with the integration of communication module, which can traverse in four directions with a fixed near‐infrared (NIR) light source and is also capable of positioning and perception. Owing to the photothermal response of graphene oxide and ingenious structural design, the critical states of robot deformation can be determined simply by controlling the duration of NIR light, ultimately resulting in different crawling directions. Furthermore, a communication module is integrated into the robot enabling the robot to locate and sense humidity by magnetic coupling. The proposed robot provides an innovative strategy for the design and integration of multidirectional locomotion soft crawling robots, showing great potential in intelligent robots.
Optoelectronic Synapses and Photodetectors Based on Organic Semiconductor/Halide Perovskite Heterojunctions: Materials, Devices, and Applications
Authors: Guo Ziyi , Zhang Junyao , Liu Xu , Wang Lu , Xiong Lize , Huang Jia
Published: July 2023

Both photodetectors (PDs) and optoelectronic synaptic devices (OSDs) are optoelectronic devices converting light signals into electrical responses. Optoelectronic devices based on organic semiconductors and halide perovskites have aroused tremendous research interest owing to their exceptional optical/electrical characteristics and low‐cost processability. The heterojunction formed between organic semiconductors and halide perovskites can modify the exciton dissociation/recombination efficiency and modulate the charge‐trapping effect. Consequently, organic semiconductor/halide perovskite heterojunctions can endow PDs and OSDs with high photo responsivity and the ability to simulate synaptic functions respectively, making them appropriate for the development of energy‐efficient artificial visual systems with sensory and recognition functions. This article summarizes the recent advances in this research field. The physical/chemical properties and preparation methods of organic semiconductor/halide perovskite heterojunctions are briefly introduced. Then the development of PDs and OSDs based on organic semiconductor/halide perovskite heterojunctions, as well as their innovative applications, are systematically presented. Finally, some prospective challenges and probable strategies for the future development of optoelectronic devices based on organic semiconductor/halide perovskite heterojunctions are discussed.
Combined Defect and Heterojunction Engineering in ZnTe/CoTe2@NC Sulfur Hosts Toward Robust Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Huang Chen , Yu Jing , Li Canhuang , Cui Zhibiao , Zhang Chaoqi , Zhang Chaoyue , Nan Bingfei , Li Junshan , Arbiol Jordi , Cabot Andreu
Published: July 2023

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are feasible candidates for the next generation of energy storage devices, but the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the poor electrical conductivity of sulfur and lithium sulfides limit their application. Herein, a sulfur host based on nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) coated with small amount of a transition metal telluride (TMT) catalyst is proposed to overcome these limitations. The properties of the sulfur redox catalyst are tuned by adjusting the anion vacancy concentration and engineering a ZnTe/CoTe2 heterostructures. Theoretical calculations and experimental data demonstrate that tellurium vacancies enhance the adsorption of LiPSs, while the formed TMT/TMT and TMT/C heterostructures as well as the overall architecture of the composite simultaneously provide high Li+ diffusion and fast electron transport. As a result, v‐ZnTe/CoTe2@NC/S sulfur cathodes show excellent initial capacities up to 1608 mA h g−1 at 0.1C and stable cycling with an average capacity decay rate of 0.022% per cycle at 1C during 500 cycles. Even at a high sulfur loading of 5.4 mg cm–2, a high capacity of 1273 mA h g−1 at 0.1C is retained, and when reducing the electrolyte to 7.5 µL mg−1, v‐ZnTe/CoTe2@NC/S still maintains a capacity of 890.8 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1C.
Synergy of Torsion Strained and Ligand Effect for Relay Acceleration of Industrial High‐pH Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Jiang Rui , Da Yumin , Chen Ganwen , Tian Zhangliu , Xiao Yukun , Cao Yanhui , Wu Han , Zhang Jinfeng , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin
Published: July 2023

Noble metal Pt‐based catalysts have slow water dissociation kinetics at high pH conditions, making it difficult for water molecules to be electrochemically activated. Utilizing ligand effect and strain effect to tailor catalytic active sites is a common method, while the understanding of mechanism of their interaction remains obscure due to the complexity of the process. This study proposes a pulse‐induced torsional strained PtRu mesocrystals (PtRu MCs) with 20 times higher mass activity than commercial Pt/C. The combination of experimental results and theoretical calculations reveals that the ligand effect induced by Ru doping accelerates the kinetics of the water dissociation reaction, while the pulse‐induced torsion strained dominates the thermodynamic optimization of the hydrogen adsorption reaction. The structure‐activity relationship defined by the synergistic effect under the complementary advantages of the strain and doping provides guidance for the design of future basic hydrogen evolution catalysts. The catalyst can run stably at 1 A cm−2 for 500 h, showing potential for industrial application.
Engineering and Characterization of an Artificial Drug‐Carrying Vesicles Nanoplatform for Enhanced Specifically Targeted Therapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Sun Yuting , Zeng Xianhuang , Liu Yang , Liu Chaozhi , Zhou Ying , Liu Yueguang , Sun Guihong , Guo Mingxiong
Published: July 2023

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment is hindered by complex pathologies and the need to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) during drug delivery. Although exosomes have great potential for GBM treatment, these alone cannot fully meet the therapeutic requirements, owing to their limitations in targeting and delivery. Herein, engineered artificial vesicles (EAVs), ANG‐TRP‐PK1@EAVs, which are constructed using a liposome extruder from HEK293T cells expressing ANG‐TRP‐PK1 peptides, is developed. ANG‐TRP‐PK1 is a fusion peptide of Angiopep‐2 fused to the N‐terminus of TRP‐PK1, to present Angiopep‐2 on the EAVs. ANG‐TRP‐PK1@EAVs have similar characteristics to the secreted exosomes, but a much higher yield. ANG‐TRP‐PK1@EAVs have efficient BBB‐penetration and GBM‐targeting abilities in a mock BBB model in in vitro and orthotopic GBM mouse models in vivo. Doxorubicin loading EAVs (ANG‐TRP‐PK1@DOX) do not alter the characteristics of the EAVs, which can cross the BBB, reach the GBM, and kill tumor cells in orthotopic GBM mouse models. These engineered drug‐loaded artificial vesicles show better therapeutic effects on GBM than temozolomide in mice, with very few side effects. In conclusion, EAVs can be inserted into different targeting ligands and packed into different drugs, and they may serve as unique and efficient nanoplatforms for drug delivery and tumor promise therapy.
Tunable Donor Aggregation Dominance in a Ternary Matrix of All‐Polymer Blends with Improved Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Ma Ruijie , Li Hongxiang , Dela Peña Top Archie , Xie Xiyun , Fong Patrick Wai‐Keung , Wei Qi , Yan Cenqi , Wu Jiaying , Cheng Pei , Li Mingjie , Li Gang
Published: July 2023

Using two structurally similar polymer acceptors in constructing high‐efficiency ternary all‐polymer solar cells is a widely acknowledged strategy; however, the focus thus far has not been on how polymer acceptor(s) would tune the aggregation of polymer donors, and furthermore film morphology and device performance (efficiency and stability). Herein, it is reported that matching of the celebrity acceptor PY‐IT and the donor PBQx‐TCl results in enhanced H‐aggregation in PBQx‐TCl, which can be finely tuned by controlling the amount of the second acceptor PY‐IV. Consequently, the efficiency‐optimized PY‐IV weight ratio (0.2/1.2) leads to a state‐of‐the‐art power conversion efficiency of 18.81%, wherein light‐illuminated operational stability is also enhanced along with well‐protected thermal stability. Such enhancements in the efficiency and operational and thermal stabilities of solar cells can be attributed to morphology optimization and the desired glass transition temperature of the target active layer based on comprehensive characterization. In addition to being a high‐power conversion efficiency case for all‐polymer solar cells, these enhancements are also a successful attempt for using combined acceptors to tune donor aggregation toward optimal morphology, which provides a theoretical basis for the construction of other types of organic photovoltaics beyond all‐polymer solar cells.
Reconstructed Hierarchically Structured Keratin Fibers with Shape‐Memory Features Based on Reversible Secondary‐Structure Transformation
Authors: Xu Xiaoyun , Wang Zhuang , Li Min , Su Yupei , Zhang Qi , Zhang Shuai , Hu Jinlian
Published: July 2023

Biocompatible and biodegradable shape‐memory polymers have gained popularity as smart materials, offering a wide range of applications and environmental benefits. Herein, the possibility of fabricating regenerated water‐triggered shape‐memory keratin fibers from wool and cellulose in a more effective and environmentally friendly manner is investigated. The regenerated keratin fibers exhibit comparable shape‐memory performance to other hydration‐responsive materials, with a shape‐fixity ratio of 94.8 ± 2.15% and a shape‐recovery rate of 81.4 ± 3.84%. Owing to their well‐preserved secondary structure and cross‐linking network, keratin fibers exhibit outstanding water‐stability and wet stretchability, with a maximum tensile strain of 362 ± 15.9%. In this system, the reconfiguration of the protein secondary structure between α‐helix and β‐sheet is investigated as the fundamental actuation mechanism in response to hydration. This responsiveness is studied under force loading and unloading along the fiber axis. Hydrogen bonds act as the “switches” clicked by water molecules to trigger the shape‐memory effect, while disulfide bonds and cellulose nanocrystals play the role of “net‐points” to maintain the permanent shape of the material. Water‐triggered shape‐memory keratin fibers are manipulable and exhibit potential in the fabrication of textile actuators, which may be applied in smart apparel and programmable biomedical devices.