bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forest Carbon Sinks in Chinese Provinces and Their Impact on Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Li Chenchen , Wu Jianwei , Zhang Fan , Huang Xindong
Published: January 2025

Dealing with the challenge of climate change has become a consensus in the international community, and the carbon sequestration and absorption function of forest ecosystems has significant potential in addressing climate change. This study, based on China’s sustainable development goals (SDGs) and forestry basic data, evaluates the progress of SDGs and forest carbon stocks in provinces and cities from 2000 to 2022 and reveals their changing trends. It uses fixed-effects models to quantify the impact of forest carbon sequestration on regional SDG6, SDG11, and SDG15, and clarify the mechanism of forest carbon sequestration in promoting regional SDGs. The research findings show the following: (1) The progress of SDG6, SDG11, and SDG15 in Chinese provinces and cities is not consistent. Most provinces have improved their SDG scores by more than 10 points, with the most notable progress in East China and Northeast China, while the progress in North China and Northwest China is relatively slow. (2) The forest carbon stock has increased by 93.2% from 2000 to 2022. The increase is most obvious in Northeast and Southeast China, while the forest carbon stock in North China and Northwest China is less than that of other regions. (3) The regression results show that forest carbon sequestration can significantly promote the development of SDG6, SDG11, and SDG15 at the 1% significance level. The heterogeneity test shows that forest carbon sequestration can significantly improve the progress of three sustainable development goals in eastern provinces, promote the achievement of SDG11 and SDG15 in central regions, and have a significant impact on only SDG15 in western regions. These research results are helpful for evaluating the contribution of forest carbon sequestration to SDGs and carbon neutrality goals and provide theoretical reference for China to address climate change and reduce climate change risks.
Collaboration in a Virtual Reality Serious Escape Room in the Metaverse Improves Academic Performance and Learners’ Experiences
Authors: Pazakou Antonia-Maria , Mystakidis Stylianos , Kazanidis Ioannis
Published: January 2025

The evolving potential of virtual reality and the Metaverse to create immersive, engaging learning experiences and of digital escape room games to provide opportunities for active, autonomous, personalised learning has brought both to the forefront for educators seeking to transform traditional educational settings. This study investigated the impact of collaboration within a virtual reality serious escape room game in the Metaverse that was designed for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners to explore how this approach influences their academic performance and overall learning experience. A comparative research approach was adopted using twenty (n = 20) adult learners divided into two equal-sized groups; the experimental group completed the virtual reality escape room in pairs, while the control group completed it individually. Mixed methods were employed, utilising a pre- and post-test to measure academic performance, as well as a questionnaire and two focus groups to evaluate participants’ learning experiences. Results indicated a trend of learners working collaboratively showing better learning outcomes and experience, offering valuable insights regarding the integration of serious Metaverse games in language-focused educational contexts.
Deep Learning-Based Remote Sensing Image Analysis for Wildfire Risk Evaluation and Monitoring
Authors: Yu Shiying , Singh Minerva
Published: January 2025

Wildfires have significant ecological, social, and economic impacts, release large amounts of pollutants, and pose a threat to human health. Although deep learning models outperform traditional methods in predicting wildfires, their accuracy drops to about 90% when using remotely sensed data. To effectively monitor and predict fires, this project aims to develop deep learning models capable of processing multivariate remotely sensed global data in real time. This project innovatively uses SimpleGAN, SparseGAN, and CGAN combined with sliding windows for data augmentation. Among these, CGAN demonstrates superior performance. Additionally, for the prediction classification task, U-Net, ConvLSTM, and Attention ConvLSTM are explored, achieving accuracies of 94.53%, 95.85%, and 93.40%, respectively, with ConvLSTM showing the best performance. The study focuses on a region in the Republic of the Congo, where predictions were made and compared with future data. The results showed significant overlap, highlighting the model’s effectiveness. Furthermore, the functionality developed in this study can be extended to medical imaging and other applications involving high-precision remote-sensing images.
Sex-Based Differences in the In Vitro Digestibility of MCT Emulsions Stabilized by Various Emulsifiers
Authors: Perez Mijal , Shani Levi Carmit , Lesmes Uri
Published: January 2025

Consumer sex influences phenotypic differences in digestive functions that may underlie variations in food disintegration. This study used an in vitro digestion model to test the hypothesis that emulsions follow distinct digestive pathways in men and women. Model emulsions were prepared using medium-chain triglycerides stabilized by beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, or lactoferrin, and by three non-protein emulsifiers: Tween 80, lecithin, and sucrose esters. All emulsions were produced by high-pressure homogenization (0.57 MPa, 5 passes) and then subjected to in vitro digestion under simulated conditions of the male or female gastrointestine. Digesta samples were analyzed via confocal microscopy and laser-based particle sizing, revealing that protein-stabilized emulsions were responsive to physiological differences between males and females, whereas emulsions stabilized by non-protein emulsifiers remained mostly unaffected by sex-based differences. Absolute differential analyses of emulsion droplet size-distribution curves showed that changes in breakdown trajectories for emulsions were pronouncedly noticeable in gastric effluents. Further, SDS-PAGE analysis of digesta showed that breakdown patterns of protein-stabilized emulsions are consistent with prior evidence found for healthy adults; however, results under female gut conditions indicated variations in protein clotting that may alter bioaccessible levels of bioactive peptides. Thus, this study underscores the importance of considering consumer biological sex in food design, especially regarding emulsion-based products for targeted digestive responses.
Uncovering the Beneficial Role of Limosilactobacillus fermentum E7 Exhibiting Antioxidant Activity in Ameliorating DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in a Murine Model
Authors: Zhang Hongyan , Wang Hailing , Li Yue , Leng Yue , Lin Ke , Ren Dayong
Published: January 2025

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal disease of growing global concern. Bacteria associated with fermented food or probiotics regulate immune and inflammatory responses, playing a key role in intestinal immune homeostasis. Results: Five probiotics with relatively good antioxidant effects, namely Lactiplantibacillus plantarum H6, Latilactobacillus sakei QC9, Limosilactobacillus fermentum E7, Bacillus subtills D1, and Bacillus licheniformis Q13, were screened out from 30 strains of probiotics through in vitro antioxidant assays. The five probiotics had varying degrees of alleviating effects on UC mice and improved various physiological indicators, such as oxidative stress parameters and histopathological sections. The effects of E7, D1, and Q13 were more pronounced. Furthermore, E7 effectively regulated UC mouse intestinal microbiota composition, increased short-chain fatty acid concentration, and promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin 10 (IL-10), while suppressing that of pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Meanwhile, D1 and Q13 only exhibited partial alleviating effects. Finally, E7 increased the expression of tight junction proteins in colon tissues. Conclusions: E7 showed superior efficacy to other probiotics in alleviating UC, offering novel therapeutic prospects for safer and effective management of UC.
Dietary Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors in Healthy and Hypertensive Turkish Adults from Food Choice Perspective
Authors: Aksoy Canyolu Burcu , Özben Sadıç Beste
Published: January 2025

Food choices are influenced by knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KABs); therefore, determining KABs regarding salt is a key point for salt reduction, which is a primary public health problem in Turkey. This study aimed to assess salt-related KABs in Turkey. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 415 adults in a hospital in Turkey. A structured questionnaire assessing salt-related KABs was administered, and blood pressure was measured. The majority of participants were aware of the health risks associated with high salt intake. Higher overall attitude scores increased the odds of performing most behaviors to reduce salt, except for checking food labels, using spices instead of salt, and purchasing foods labeled as low-sodium, by almost three-fold. These results suggest that both normotensive and hypertensive adults need to improve their knowledge of the health effects and dietary sources of salt, and how to reduce it. Salt-related KABs were not found to be aligned with all positive attitudes toward salt consumption; this indicates the need for regulations that operate independently of public perceptions, such as policies for reducing salt in the food industry and making reduced-salt products more affordable to encourage healthier food choices.
Discrete Element Study of Particle Size Distribution Shape Governing Critical State Behavior of Granular Material
Authors: Jiang Mingdong , Barreto Daniel , Ding Zhi , Yang Kaifang
Published: January 2025

Granular soil is a porous medium composed of particles with different sizes and self-similar structures, exhibiting fractal characteristics. It is well established that variations in these fractal properties, such as particle size distribution (PSD), significantly influence the mechanical behavior of the soil. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) Discrete Element Method (DEM) is applied to study the mechanical and critical-state behavior of the idealized granular assemblages, in which various PSD shape parameters are considered, including the coefficient of uniformity (Cu), the coefficient of curvature (Cc), and the coefficient of size span (Cs). In addition, the same PSDs but with different mean particle sizes (D50) are also employed in the numerical simulations to examine the particle size effect on the mechanical behavior of the granular media. Numerical triaxial tests are carried out by imposing axial compression under constant mean effective pressure conditions. A unique critical-state stress ratio in p′-q space is observed, indicating that the critical friction angle is independent of the shape of the PSD. However, in the e-p′ plane, the critical state line (CSL) shifts downward and rotates counterclockwise, as the grading becomes more widely distributed, i.e., the increasing coefficient of span (Cs). Additionally, a decrease in the coefficient of curvature (Cc) would also move the CSL downward but with negligible rotation. However, it is found that the variations in the mean particle size (D50) and coefficient of uniformity (Cu) do not affect the position of the CSL in the e-p′ plane. The numerical findings may shed some light on the development of constitutive models of sand that undergo variations in the grading due to crushing and erosion, and address fractal problems related to micro-mechanics in soils.
Using a Microsimulation Traffic Model and the Vehicle-Specific Power Method to Assess Turbo-Roundabouts as Environmentally Sustainable Road Design Solutions
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Apostolos , Galanis Athanasios , Kehagia Fotini , Politis Ioannis , Theofilatos Athanasios , Lemonakis Panagiotis
Published: January 2025

The European Union’s path towards zero carbon dioxide emissions for new passenger vehicles necessitates a transitional period in which conventional vehicles coexist with zero-emission alternatives. This shift requires targeted strategies from engineers and policymakers, particularly in the area of road design, to reduce pollution. This study aims to investigate the environmental benefits of converting a two-lane urban roundabout into a turbo-roundabout through a virtual microsimulation approach using PTV VISSIM. The simulated model was calibrated and validated with real-world daily traffic data by properly adjusting the driving behavior parameters and comparing observed and modeled traffic volumes and queues. The Vehicle-Specific Power (VSP) emission method was applied to model, calculate and illustrate emissions by analyzing vehicle trajectories for the examined scenarios. Results show a statistically significant reduction in emissions for nearly all trips, with emissions decreasing by up to 44% across the intersection and its surrounding areas, and up to 23% at the intersection itself. Emissions are largely influenced by trip duration and traffic efficiency, both of which are enhanced by the improved geometric configuration of the case study intersection. These findings highlight that turbo-roundabouts represent an effective, environmentally sustainable design solution for urban intersections.
Evaluation of Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Gelatin Hydrogel-Based Dressing Containing Cefdinir for Wound Healing Promotion in Animal Model
Authors: Soleimani Zahra , Baharifar Hadi , Najmoddin Najmeh , Khoshnevisan Kamyar
Published: January 2025

The skin serves as a critical barrier against external pathogens, and its wound healing is a complex biological process that requires careful management to ensure optimal tissue regeneration. Hydrogels, a class of hydrophilic polymers, have emerged as promising materials for wound dressings due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to create a moist wound environment conducive to cell proliferation and migration. In this research, a hydrogel dressing containing cefdinir (Cef) was made from a combination of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and gelatin (Gel) by a physical crosslinking method, and their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties were investigated. Results show that the addition of Cef does not cause a significant change in the morphology or the tensile strength of the wound dressing. The swelling and degradation rate of the hydrogel slightly increased in the presence of Cef. The presence of Cef enhanced antibacterial effects up to 2.5-fold against P. aeruginosa (35 mm), S. aureus (36 mm), and S. pyogenes (35 mm). The results of the cytotoxicity test showed the absence of cytotoxicity in both drug-containing and drug-free wound dressings, as well as a survival rate of over 75% in cells after 48 h. The drug-containing wound dressing accelerates the formation of the epidermis layer and the production of fibroblast cells, and as a result, accelerates the wound healing process. The percentage of wound healing on the ninth day of treatment for an untreated wound was 30%, while this percentage was 40% with a wound dressing without medicine and 60% with a wound dressing containing medicine, and on the fifteenth day of treatment, the wound treated with both wound dressings had more than 85% healing. As a result, it is possible to use CMC/Gel hydrogel polymeric wound dressing containing Cef as a wound dressing for wound healing, according to the desired physicochemical properties and biocompatibility.
Investigation of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels and Polycaprolactone-Based Electrospun Fibers as Wound Dressing Materials Based on Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Characterization
Authors: Aydin Barkin , Arol Nihat , Burak Nimet , Usta Aybala , Ceylan Muhammet
Published: January 2025

The aim of this project is to fabricate fiber mats and hydrogel materials that constitute the two main components of a wound dressing material. The contributions of boric acid (BA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) to the physical and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) is investigated. These materials are chosen for their antimicrobial and antifungal effects. Additionally, since chitosan forms brittle hydrogels, it is reinforced with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to improve ductility and water uptake properties. For these purposes, PCL, BA, ZnO, PVA, and chitosan are used in different ratios to fabricate nanofiber mats and hydrogels. Mechanical, physical, and chemical characteristics are examined. The highest elastic modulus and tensile strength are obtained from samples with 6% BA and 10% ZnO concentrations. ZnO-decorated fibers exhibit a higher elastic modulus than those with BA, though BA-containing fibers exhibit greater elongation before breakage. All fibers exhibit hydrophobic properties, which help to prevent biofilm formation. In compression tests, CS12 demonstrates the highest strength. Increasing the PVA content enhances ductility, while a higher concentration of chitosan results in a denser structure. This outcome is confirmed by FTIR and swelling tests. These findings highlight the optimal combinations of nanofibrous mats and hydrogels, offering guidance for future wound dressing designs that balance mechanical strength, water absorption, and antimicrobial properties. By stacking these nanofibrous mats and hydrogels in different orders, it is expected to achieve a wound care material that is suitable for various applications. The authors encourage experimentation with different configurations of these nanofiber and hydrogel stackings to observe their mechanical behavior under real-life conditions in future studies.
Heart Morphogenesis Requires Smyd1b for Proper Incorporation of the Second Heart Field in Zebrafish
Authors: Prill Kendal , Windsor Reid Pamela , Pilgrim Dave
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Abnormal development of the second heart field significantly contributes to congenital heart defects, often caused by disruptions in tightly regulated molecular pathways. Smyd1, a gene encoding a protein with SET and MYND domains, is essential for heart and skeletal muscle development. Mutations in SMYD1 result in severe cardiac malformations and misregulation of Hand2 expression in mammals. This study examines the role of Smyd1b in zebrafish cardiac morphogenesis to elucidate its function and the mechanisms underlying congenital heart defects. Methods: Smyd1b (still heart) mutant embryos were analyzed for cardiac defects, and changes in gene expression related to heart development using live imaging, in situ hybridization, quantitative PCR and immunofluorescent comparisons and analysis. Results: Smyd1b mutants displayed severe cardiac defects, including failure to loop, severe edema, and an expansion of cardiac jelly linked to increased has2 expression. Additionally, the expression of key cardiac transcription factors, such as gata4, gata5, and nkx2.5, was notably reduced, indicating disrupted transcriptional regulation. The migration of cardiac progenitors was impaired and the absence of Islet-1-positive cells in the mutant hearts suggests a failed contribution of SHF progenitor cells. Conclusions: These findings underscore the essential role of Smyd1b in regulating cardiac morphogenesis and the development of the second heart field. This study highlights the potential of Smyd1b as a key factor in understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying congenital heart defects and cardiac development.
Absent Voices and Unwarranted Presences: A Combined Multi-Approach to Mapping the Roman Hydraulic System Supplying Las Médulas Gold Mine (NW, Iberia)
Authors: Fernández-Lozano Javier , González-Pérez Iván , González-Abajo Ángel , Sanz-Ablanedo Enoc , Rodríguez-Pérez José Ramón
Published: January 2025

This study analyses the Roman hydraulic system linked to Las Médulas gold mining complex in Northwest Iberia. The research includes a detailed mapping and assessment of the hydraulic network, which extends over 1110 km, using advanced geomatic techniques and an innovative script for tracing canals implemented in Matlab. The study reveals previously unidentified canals, improves existing cartographic representations, and addresses water sourcing and canal distribution uncertainties. It identifies 41 canals distributed between La Cabrera and El Bierzo regions, (33 and 8, respectively), with 14 canals supplying water to Las Médulas. Our study also provides evidence that this canal system had a wider purpose than simply supplying the mining works at Las Médulas. Furthermore, the findings presented here challenge established assumptions about the system’s water sources and offer new insights into how this outstanding canal system was built. Thus, this work not only provides a detailed map of the Las Médulas hydraulic system but also constitutes a model for an effective methodological approach for studying similar ancient hydraulic systems worldwide.
Effect of Early Postoperative Gait Parameters After Total Hip Arthroplasty on Forgotten Joint Score-12 at 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Okazawa Kazuya , Hamai Satoshi , Fujita Tsutomu , Kawahara Shinya , Hara Daisuke , Nakashima Yasuharu , Katoh Hiroshi
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between early postoperative gait parameters after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) score at the 2-year follow-up after surgery. In addition, the cutoff gait parameter values for predicting discomfort using specific FJS-12 subitems were evaluated. Methods: Among 313 patients who underwent THA between April and December 2019, 44 (14.0%) who responded to the FJS-12 questionnaire at 2 years postoperatively were included in this study. Gait parameters, including walking speed, stride length, and their coefficients of variation (CVs), were measured at 13.8 ± 3.6 (mean ± standard deviation) days postoperatively. The FJS-12 was used to evaluate patients at 2 years after surgery. The correlation between the FJS-12 score and gait parameters was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. To determine the significant predictors of the FJS-12 score, multiple regression analysis was performed after adjusting for age as a covariate. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the cutoff gait parameter values for predicting discomfort using specific FJS-12 subitems. Results: The FJS-12 score was significantly positively correlated with walking speed (rs = 0.38, p < 0.05) and stride length (rs = 0.51, p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the FJS-12 score was significantly negatively correlated with the CVs of walking speed (rs = −0.34, p < 0.05) and stride length (rs = −0.35, p < 0.05). Based on multiple regression analysis, stride length was a significant predictor of discomfort assessed using the FJS-12 score (β = 0.48, p < 0.01). According to the receiver operating characteristic curves, the cutoff stride length values for predicting discomfort using the FJS-12 subitems 9, 10, 11, and 12 showed moderate accuracy (area under the curve > 0.7). Conclusions: Improved walking ability of patients who underwent THA through early rehabilitation is linked to joint discomfort and patient satisfaction in daily life 2 years postoperatively.
Increased Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease After Traumatic Amputation: Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Yoo Jung Eun , Kim Bongseong , Chang Won Hyuk , Lee Kyungho , Jang Hye Ryoun , Han Kyungdo , Shin Dong Wook
Published: January 2025

Background: Amputation confers disabilities upon patients and is associated with substantial cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity and mortality. We aimed to compare the incidence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) between individuals with amputation and the general population. Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study was performed using the Nationwide Health Insurance Service database for the period between 2010 and 2018. A total of 24,925 individuals with amputation were included with a ratio of 1:3 age- and sex-matched controls. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to calculate the risk of ESKD among amputees. Results: During a mean follow-up period of 4.3 years, there were 40 incident ESKD cases (0.4 per 1000 person-years) among individuals with amputation. Individuals with amputation showed a higher risk of ESKD (adjusted HR [aHR] of 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.20–2.54) compared with matched controls. The risk was further increased in those with mild disability (aHR of 1.41, 95% CI of 0.51–3.87) and severe disability (aHR of 8.22, 95% CI of 2.99–22.61). When considering the levels of amputation, the association was apparently more prominent in proximal than distal amputation, in particular for proximal upper limb amputation (aHR of 17.90, 95% CI of 4.37–73.40). Conclusions: Individuals with amputation were at a significantly greater risk of ESKD than the general population, particularly subjects with severe disability and proximal amputation. Our data suggest that amputations should be added to the list of risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease.
Impact of COVID-19 on Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Examining the Influence of In-Person and Telehealth Intervention on Outcomes Using Real-World Data
Authors: Mancheño-Velasco Cinta , Narváez-Camargo Marta , Dacosta-Sánchez Daniel , de la Rosa-Cáceres Ana , Lozano Óscar M.
Published: January 2025

Background: The COVID-19 health crisis challenged healthcare systems around the world, leading to restrictions in access to face-to-face healthcare services, and forcing rapid adaptation to telehealth services. At present, there is a gap in the functioning of this adaptation in drug-dependence centres. The present study analyses, over four years, care indicators on the care modality (face-to-face vs. hybrid), the patient profile and the impact on retention in treatment. Methods: Retrospective observational study with data collected between 14 March 2019 and 21 June 2023. The electronic health records of 44,930 patients were analysed according to different moments and selected based on the different health measures imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients were classified according to whether they received an in-person or hybrid intervention. Bivariate statistics and logistic regression analysis were applied. Results: The trend over time shows an increase in the number of patients seen in addiction centres. However, no notable changes within the in-person care modality and a modest increase in telehealth services are observed. Telehealth is primarily used among patients with opiate addiction, as well as with those with comorbid mental disorders. Logistic regression analysis shows that patients in a hybrid modality are more likely to remain in treatment. Conclusions: Results show that hybrid care is associated with higher patient retention rates. Despite this, different profiles are mostly treated with in-person interventions rather than hybrid modalities. Future studies should explore how to generalise personalised hybrid care among SUD patients considering factors such as patients’ educational level, employment status or accessibility to mental health services.
Identifying Access Barriers to PrEP Among Cisgender Black/African American Women in the United States: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Boudreaux JoAnna , Valdebenito Cristobal Mario , Pichon Latrice C.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Cisgender Black women in the U.S. face disproportionately high HIV rates due to systemic inequities rooted in institutional racism, not individual behaviors. These disparities are particularly severe in the southern U.S., driven by limited access to healthcare, economic instability, and unsafe social environments. Despite its proven effectiveness, PrEP remains significantly underutilized in this population. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines to identify and select relevant studies and used the CASP checklist to appraise the quality of the selected qualitative studies. The review focuses on individual and systemic barriers to PrEP access for cisgender Black women, aiming to guide equitable health interventions and improve HIV prevention efforts. Results: Key barriers include limited PrEP awareness, medical mistrust, and stigma. Financial, structural, and social determinants also hinder access. Facilitators, such as PrEP education, social normalization, trust building, and affordability, were identified as critical to improving uptake. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need for culturally tailored strategies that build trust, provide education, and empower cisgender Black women to overcome barriers to PrEP access.
The Many Faces of Philadelphia: A Mature T-Cell Lymphoma with Variant Philadelphia-Translocation and Duplication of the Philadelphia Chromosome
Authors: Vida Livia , Horváth Bálint , Egyed Miklós , Kajtár Béla , Alizadeh Hussain
Published: January 2025

Background: T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare mature T-cell lymphoma that is usually associated with poor prognosis and short overall survival. Methods: We present a case of a 61-year-old woman presenting with T-PLL and the leukemic cells harboring BCR::ABL1 (BCR—breakpoint cluster region; ABL1—ABL protooncogene 1) fusion transcripts as the result of a variant of t(9;22)(q34;q11) called Philadelphia translocation: t(9;22;18)(q34;q11;q21). Sequencing revealed a rare BCR transcript with an exon 6 breakpoint corresponding to e6a2 transcripts, which has thus far been reported in only 26 cases of leukemias. Results: After 9 months of follow-up, the disease progressed and required treatment. Following alemtuzumab and chemotherapy, a short course of imatinib therapy stabilized the disease for six months, which was followed by progression and the demise of the patient. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a mature T-cell lymphoma with a variant Philadelphia-translocation and a very rare type of BCR::ABL1 transcript. This case highlights the importance of comprehensive genetic testing of malignancies, as abnormal molecular pathways may be uncovered that may be specifically targeted by drugs.
Types and Effectiveness of Public Policy Measures Combatting Graffiti Vandalism at Heritage Sites
Authors: Raič Marko , Jelinčić Daniela Angelina
Published: January 2025

Graffiti vandalism poses a major threat to cultural heritage. This review paper aims to identify and describe policy measures for combatting graffiti vandalism on heritage assets, which is a significant and complex problem in urban areas worldwide with considerable cultural and economic impacts. Alongside, their effectiveness is assessed. Despite being recognized as a significant problem, research papers addressing graffiti vandalism policies are existent but not adequately systematized. In the first part of this article, a theoretical overview of graffiti vandalism is provided. This is followed by an outline of the research methodology, along with a presentation of results based on the analysis of the reviewed articles. Given the relatively small number of articles that directly address this topic, the review is supplemented with an analysis of best practices, specifically, examining municipal measures and strategies aimed at combating graffiti vandalism.
Effect of LED Lights on Morphological Construction and Leaf Photosynthesis of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Qiao Jianlei , Hu Wen , Chen Shanshan , Cui Hongbo , Qi Jiangtao , Yu Yue , Liu Shuang , Wang Jianfeng
Published: January 2025

During the overwintering production of lettuce in solar greenhouses, there exist a short duration of sunlight and low light intensity, which are detrimental to the growth and development of lettuce. Supplemental lighting is an effective solution to this issue. This study aims to explore the influence of adding different wavelengths of red light to white LEDs for supplemental lighting on the growth and photosynthesis of lettuce leaves in solar greenhouses. Four experimental zones were established, namely white LED + 630 nm (T1), white LED + 660 nm (T2), white LED + 690 nm (T3), and no supplemental lighting (CK). The results indicate that supplemental lighting significantly increased the plant height, leaf area, biomass, and root indices. The chlorophyll content measurements showed higher photosynthetic pigment levels in the treated plants, enhancing the net photosynthesis rate (Pn). Thus, the combination of red and white light provides a more comprehensive spectrum and enhances the photosynthetic capacity of plant leaves. Simultaneously, under supplemental lighting, the plant fluorescence parameters Y(II), Fv/Fm, qP, and ETR were significantly elevated. It was found from the chlorophyll fluorescence frequency distribution graph that the leftward shift in Y(II) in the control group (CK) indicated that it was in a state of weak light stress, but supplemental lighting effectively ameliorated this stress environment. Among the types of supplemental lighting, the combination of white LEDs with 660 nm red light provides the most significant improvement in the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of lettuce under winter greenhouse conditions, and this combination holds great application potential in winter greenhouse lettuce production.
Assessment of Peacock Spot Disease (Fusicladium oleagineum) in Olive Orchards Through Agronomic Approaches and UAV-Based Multispectral Imaging
Authors: Hamzaoui Hajar , Maafa Ilyass , Choukri Hasnae , Bakkali Ahmed El , Houssaini Salma El Iraqui El , Razouk Rachid , Aziz Aziz , Louahlia Said , Habbadi Khaoula
Published: January 2025

Olive leaf spot (OLS), caused by Fusicladium oleagineum, is a significant disease affecting olive orchards, leading to reduced yields and compromising olive tree health. Early and accurate detection of this disease is critical for effective management. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of OLS disease progression in olive orchards by integrating agronomic measurements and multispectral imaging techniques. Key disease parameters—incidence, severity, diseased leaf area, and disease index—were systematically monitored from March to October, revealing peak values of 45% incidence in April and 35% severity in May. Multispectral drone imagery, using sensors for NIR, Red, Green, and Red Edge spectral bands, enabled the calculation of vegetation indices. Indices incorporating Red Edge and near-infrared bands, such as Red Edge and SR705-750, exhibited the strongest correlations with disease severity (correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.68, respectively). This combined approach highlights the potential of remote sensing for early disease detection and supports precision agriculture practices by facilitating targeted interventions and optimized orchard management. The findings underscore the effectiveness of integrating a traditional agronomic assessment with advanced spectral analysis to improve OLS disease surveillance and promote sustainable olive cultivation.
Copolyamide-Based Modified Atmosphere Packaging Attenuates Phenolic Degradation and Maintains Postharvest Quality of Rubus Berries
Authors: Shah Hafiz Muhammad Shoaib , Singh Zora , Hasan Mahmood Ul , Afrifa-Yamoah Eben , Woodward Andrew
Published: January 2025

The highly perishable nature of Rubus berries, particularly their susceptibility to water loss and earlier senescence, significantly limits their shelf life. In this study, we investigated the mechanistic role of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the physiochemical quality, phenolic metabolism, and antioxidant potential of blackberries and raspberries during cold storage (2 ± 1 °C) for 12 and 10 days, respectively. Modified atmosphere (MA)-packed Rubus berries exhibited higher total phenolics accompanied by higher activities of shikimate dehydrogenase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Furthermore, MA-packed Rubus berries demonstrated lower hydrogen peroxide by maintaining higher catalase activity and delayed lipid peroxidation during the entire period of cold storage. Relatively higher levels of glutathione and ascorbic acid as well as the activities of enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in MA-packed Rubus berries were also observed. Conversely, MAP reduced the respiration rate and weight loss while maintaining higher postharvest quality attributes in raspberries and blackberries than control fruit. In conclusion, MAP is an effective method for extending the cold storage life and maintaining the quality of Rubus berries.
Application of Azospirillum brasilense and Humic Substances Improves the Nursery Quality of Olive Seedlings in Pots
Authors: Ritter Giovana , de Vargas Rodrigo José , Farinelli Daniela , Cinosi Nicola , Traini Chiara , Facchin Simona Lucia , Hiromi Kiahara Larissa , da Silva Daniel Fernandes , Portarena Silvia , Villa Fabiola
Published: January 2025

In Brazil due to the establishment of new orchards, olive seedling production is growing strongly, while the use of biostimulants in agriculture has been gaining attention due to their benefits in root formation and nutrient absorption. This study evaluated the use of biostimulants for promoting the growth of 3-month-old rooted olive seedlings in pots and to assess the nursery quality of the seedlings. Rooted cuttings of Arbequina, Maria da Fé, and Ascolano 315 cultivars were treated with Azospirillum brasilense (Az) and humic substances (HS), alone and in combination. Growth parameters, such as height and stem diameter, were measured every month and after 150 days, seedlings per treatment were also analysed for aerial and root fresh and dry biomasses. Arbequina exhibited the highest growth rate with Az and best absolute growth rate with Az + HS treatment. The total dry matter of the olive seedlings, comprising both the aerial and root part, was influenced by both Azospirillum brasilense and humic substances, enhancing nitrogen availability. The three treatments showed their positive effects on aboveground growth and overall plant vigour. Despite increased biomass, treated olive seedlings showed no significant height advantage over controls, suggesting that the effects may appear in later developmental stages.
Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Transformation in Rosa
Authors: Lu Jun , Huang Yuwen , Guo Yuhan , Fan Chunguo , Yuan Guozhen , Zhou Rui , Sun Jingjing , Bai Mengjuan , Wang Kun , Liu Jinyi , Wang Changquan
Published: January 2025

Roses (Rosa spp.) are widely used as ornamental plants and cut flowers and in perfumes and cosmetics; therefore, they have extremely high ornamental and economic value. Improving ornamental qualities (color, aroma, flower shape, plant architecture, petal senescence), agronomic traits (disease resistance, stress tolerance), and other traits would add value to cultivated roses. However, the lack of an efficient genetic transformation system limits functional genetic studies of roses. Therefore, we aimed to develop a simple, high-throughput Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation system to analyze gene function in rose. We explored the factors affecting the induction and transformation of hairy root cultures in rose by screening different types of explants, Rosa genotypes, Agrobacterium strains, media, and infection and co-cultivation times for genetic transformation under aseptic conditions. We established an A. rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation system in rose using A. rhizogenes strains MSU440 and Ar Qual, successfully obtained transgenic hairy roots, and conducted preliminary experiments to examine their regeneration by employing the ultraviolet light (UV)-visible reporter eYGFPuv as a marker. Finally, we established a simple hairy root transformation process under non-aseptic conditions. The rapid and efficient transformation system developed here will enable efforts to investigate gene function in roses and engineer improved rose varieties. Refining the transformation protocol to work under aseptic and non-aseptic conditions will allow researchers to use this system efficiently and broadly.
Bioactive Phenolics of Hyoscyamus muticus L. Subsp. Falezlez: A Molecular and Biochemical Approach to Antioxidant and Urease Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Lekmine Sabrina , Benslama Ouided , Bensalah Bachir , Touzout Nabil , Moussa Hamza , Tahraoui Hichem , Ola Mohammad Shamsul , Hafsa Haroun , Zhang Jie , Amrane Abdeltif
Published: January 2025

This study examines the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and urease inhibitory effects of Hyoscyamus muticus L. subsp. falezlez (Coss.) Maire. Using LC-ESI-MS/MS, 19 distinct phenolic compounds were identified, with chlorogenic acid being the most abundant. The ethanol extract demonstrated notable antioxidant activity, highlighting its potential for therapeutic use. Urease inhibition assays revealed a remarkable 91.35% inhibition by the H. muticus extract, with an IC50 value of 5.6 ± 1.20 μg/mL, indicating its promising role in addressing conditions linked to urease activity. Molecular docking studies further investigated the interaction between H. muticus phenolic compounds and urease, identifying hyperoside as a leading candidate, with a binding energy of −7.9 kcal/mol. Other compounds, such as rutin, luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol, hesperetin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid, also demonstrated significant binding affinities, suggesting their potential to disrupt urease function. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of H. muticus as a source of natural bioactive compounds, offering promising avenues for the development of novel treatments for urease-related disorders and oxidative stress.
Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of Ketamine for Managing Acute Renal Colic in Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review of Recent Clinical Trials
Authors: Sukhram Shiryn D. , Yilmaz Grozdena , Erichsen Stephanie , Vassilevich Sergey
Published: January 2025

Kidney stones typically present as renal colic in emergency departments (EDs), where patients experience severe pain and often require parenteral therapy for symptom management. The economic burden associated with managing kidney stones exceeds USD 5 billion annually in the US and accounts for more than a million visits to EDs each year. There is clear evidence emphasizing the need for innovative and alternative pain control options for patients with renal colic. Recent randomized controlled trials suggest that intranasal (IN) and intravenous (IV) ketamine are as effective as parenteral NSAIDs and opioids in treating renal colic. However, the limited studies available show inconsistent results regarding the analgesic effects of ketamine. In this study, we reviewed the mechanism of action of ketamine for kidney stones, its efficacy in treating acute renal colic, and the potential adverse side effects of ketamine treatment. A population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO)-related question was formulated to guide our research inquiry: “What are the effects of IV or IN ketamine, as a single agent or as an adjuvant (I), in adult patients diagnosed with acute renal colic (P) on pain scale scores and adverse side effects (O) compared to NSAIDs and/or opioids (C)?”
Ultrasonic Microfluidic Method Used for siHSP47 Loaded in Human Embryonic Kidney Cell-Derived Exosomes for Inhibiting TGF-β1 Induced Fibroblast Differentiation and Migration
Authors: Yuan Ranran , Mu Zhen , Zhang Houqian , Guo Jianwei , Tian Yu , Xin Quanlin , Zhu Xiaojing , Dong Zhengya , Wang Hongbo , Shi Yanan
Published: January 2025

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and devastating lung disorder. In response to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), normal lung cells proliferate and differentiate into myofibroblasts, which are instrumental in promoting disease progression. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) has been demonstrated to alleviate IPF by blocking collagen synthesis and secretion. Exosomes (EXOs) have been investigated for drug delivery due to their superior carrier properties. However, their loading efficiency has been a limiting factor in widely application as drug carriers. In this study, an ultrasonic microfluidic method was employed to enhance the loading efficiency of siHSP47 into EXOs, achieving 31.1% efficiency rate. EXOs were isolated from human embryonic kidney cells (293F) and loaded with siHSP47 (EXO-siHSP47). The findings indicated that EXO-siHSP47 penetrated the collagen barrier and effectively silenced HSP47 expression in activated fibroblasts in vitro. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed that EXO-siHSP47 significantly reduced the secretion and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Wound healing and Transwell migration assays demonstrated that EXO-siHSP47 inhibited fibroblast differentiation and migration. In conclusion, 293F-derived EXOs loaded with siHSP47 present a promising therapeutic strategy for IPF.
Nebulized Hybrid Nanoarchaeosomes: Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Anti-Microbial Activity and Cytotoxicity on A549 Cells
Authors: Stabile Sofia Giuliana Guerin , Perez Noelia , Jerez Horacio Emanuel , Simioni Yamila Roxana , Butassi Estefanía , Mizrahi Martin Daniel , Nobile Matias Leonardo , Perez Ana Paula , Morilla Maria Jose , Higa Leticia Herminia , Romero Eder Lilia
Published: January 2025

The properties of two hybrid nanoarchaeosomes (hybrid nanoARCs) made of archaeolipids extracted from the halophilic archaea Halorubrum tebenquichense and combining the properties of archaeolipid bilayers with metallic nanoparticles are explored here. BS-nanoARC, consisting of a nanoARC loaded with yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract (YME)-biogenic silver nanoparticles (BSs), and [BS + BS-nanoARC], consistent of a BS-nanoARC core covered by an outer shell of BSs, were structurally characterized and their therapeutic activities screened. By employing 109 ± 5 µg gallic acid equivalents (GAEs) and 73.4 µg chlorogenic acid/ YME mg as a silver reductive agent, spherical, heterogeneously sized (~80 nm diameter), −27 mV ζ potential, 90% Ag0 and λmax 420 nm BSs were obtained. We further prepared ~100–200 nm diameter, −57 mV ζ potential BS-nanoARC and ~300 nm diameter, −37 mV ζ potential [BS + BS-nanoARCs]. Freshly prepared and nebulized BS-nanoARCs reduced the release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 by LPS-irritated THP-1-macrophages and were highly anti-planktonic against S. aureus (MIC90: 13 ± 0.8 µg Ag/mL). While the nanoARCs and BS-nanoARCs were innocuous, freshly prepared [BS + BS-nanoARCs] magnified the cytotoxicity of BSs (IC50 12 µg Ag/mL vs. IC50 ~36 µg Ag/mL) on A549 cells. Such cytotoxicity remained after 30 days in the dark at 4 °C, while that of BSs was lost. Freshly prepared BSs also lost activity upon nebulization, whereas freshly prepared [BS + BS-nanoARCs] did not. However, the cytotoxicity of the [BS + BS-nanoARCs] was also lost when nebulized after 30 days of storage. Despite the harmful effects of storage and mechanical stress on the structure of the more active [BS + BS-nanoARCs], hybrid nanoARCs are promising examples of nanomedicines combining the properties of archaeolipids with antimicrobial silver nanoparticles and anti-inflammatory polyphenols that could complement oncologic therapies, reducing the usage of classical antitumoral agents, corticosteroids, and, importantly, of antibiotics, as well as their waste.