bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of bubble motion and correction of drag coefficient in viscous oil at low Reynolds number
Authors: Liu Shiqi , Yan Qingdong , Guo Meng , Liu Cheng , Wang Haoyuan , Wei Wei
Published: April 2024

As the core fundamental components in the field of fluid transmission and control, viscous oil fluid components determine the technological level of fluid machinery and high-end equipment. However, bubbles as effective cavitation nuclei widely exist in the interior of viscous oil fluid components, directly affecting their performance and technological development. In order to reveal the bubble motion characteristics in viscous oil and establish a high-precision prediction method, this paper focuses on No. 110 technical white oil and develops a visualized observation system for studying the motion characteristics and morphological features of bubbles in viscous oil. The bubble motion trajectory, rising rate, and force state are analyzed, and a prediction model for the drag coefficient is proposed and corrected. The research results indicate that during the rising process, the bubble morphologies in viscous oil show an elliptical shape. The oil temperature has a significant influence on the bubble motion characteristics, with the occurrence of oscillations during the rise process after reaching 80 °C. Additionally, a new prediction model for the drag coefficient of bubble is fitted, where the relative error of bubble motion rate can be controlled within 5.5% for 0.3 < Re < 50. This research provides significant theoretical significance and engineering application value.
Experimental validation of momentum transport theory in the core of H-mode plasmas in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Zimmermann C. F. B. , Angioni C. , McDermott R. M. , Duval B. P. , Dux R. , Fable E. , Salmi A. , Stroth U. , Tala T. , Tardini G. , Pütterich T. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: April 2024

This study employs the established momentum transport analysis at ASDEX Upgrade [Zimmermann et al., Nucl. Fusion 63, 124003 (2023)] to investigate the parametric variations of the momentum transport coefficients in the core of H-mode plasmas. These experimental results are compared to a comprehensive database of gyrokinetic calculations. Generally, good agreement between predicted and measured diffusive and convective transport coefficients is found. The predicted and measured Prandtl numbers correlate most dominantly with the magnetically trapped particle fraction. The experimentally inferred pinch numbers strongly depend on the logarithmic density gradient and magnetic shear, consistent with the theoretical predictions of the Coriolis pinch. The intrinsic torque from residual stress in the inner core is small, scales with the local logarithmic density gradient, and the data indicate a possible sign reversal. In the outer periphery of the core, the intrinsic torque is always co-current-directed and scales with the pressure gradient. This is consistent with prior experimental findings and global, non-linear gyrokinetic predictions. It suggests that profile shearing effects generate the intrinsic torque in the inner core. Toward the outer core, most likely, effects from E×B-shearing become more influential. These results offer the first comprehensive picture of this transport channel in the core plasma and contribute to validating the corresponding theoretical understanding. The derived scaling laws are used to construct a reduced momentum transport model, which has been validated against an additional dataset. This demonstrates that the model captures the essential contributions to momentum transport in the core of H-mode plasmas.
Optimizing Al content to eliminate the brittle phase in lightweight TiZrNbTa0.1Alx refractory high-entropy alloys
Authors: Xu Chen-Hao , Yu Hong , Xiao Xuan , Zhang Jia-Wei , Liao Wei-Bing
Published: April 2024

Body-centered cubic (BCC) lightweight refractory high-entropy alloys (LWRHEAs) with Al contents have attracted much attention due to their low density and excellent mechanical properties. However, these typical lightweight alloys often suffer from poor room temperature plasticity. In this study, we prepared TiZrNbTa0.1Alx LWRHEAs by using a high-vacuum arc-melting technique and investigated the influence of Al content on the phase structures and mechanical properties. It was found that the TiZrNbTa0.1Al1 alloy showed a BCC solid solution matrix with some micrometer-sized Al3Zr5 precipitates and exhibited a density of 6.110 ± 0.003 g/cm3. The TiZrNbTa0.1Al1 alloy had a low mixed enthalpy of −20.831 kJ/mol, a compressive yield strength of 1037 ± 178 MPa, and a fracture plasticity of ∼6%. As a result of reducing the Al content, the TiZrNbTa0.1Al0.2 alloy showed a simple BCC phase structure without any precipitates and maintained a low density of 6.743 ± 0.008 g/cm3. The TiZrNbTa0.1Al0.2 alloy had a relatively high mixed enthalpy of −4.5577 kJ/mol, a high yield strength of 1022 ± 51 MPa, and a plasticity of >70%. The TEM analysis results demonstrated that the excellent mechanical properties of this LWRHEA were mainly attributed to the reducing Al content, which could elevate the mixed enthalpy of the alloy to eliminate the brittle Al3Zr5 phase and induce the formation of dense network dislocations at the grain boundaries.
Identification of the potassium-binding site in serotonin transporter
Authors: Hellsberg Eva , Boytsov Danila , Chen Qingyang , Niello Marco , Freissmuth Michael , Rudnick Gary , Zhang Yuan-Wei , Sandtner Walter , Forrest Lucy R.
Published: April 2024

Clearance of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) from the synaptic cleft after neuronal signaling is mediated by serotonin transporter (SERT), which couples this process to the movement of a Na
+
ion down its chemical gradient. After release of 5-HT and Na
+
into the cytoplasm, the transporter faces a rate-limiting challenge of resetting its conformation to be primed again for 5-HT and Na
+
binding. Early studies of vesicles containing native SERT revealed that K
+
gradients can provide an additional driving force, via K
+
antiport. Moreover, under appropriate conditions, a H
+
ion can replace K
+
. Intracellular K
+
accelerates the resetting step. Structural studies of SERT have identified two binding sites for Na
+
ions, but the K
+
site remains enigmatic. Here, we show that K
+
antiport can drive substrate accumulation into vesicles containing SERT extracted from a heterologous expression system, allowing us to study the residues responsible for K
+
binding. To identify candidate binding residues, we examine many cation binding configurations using molecular dynamics simulations, predicting that K
+
binds to the so-called Na2 site. Site-directed mutagenesis of residues in this site can eliminate the ability of both K
+
and H
+
to drive 5-HT accumulation into vesicles and, in patch clamp recordings, prevent the acceleration of turnover rates and the formation of a channel-like state by K
+
or H
+
. In conclusion, the Na2 site plays a pivotal role in orchestrating the sequential binding of Na
+
and then K
+
(or H
+
) ions to facilitate 5-HT uptake in SERT.
Image schemas and (point)-to-point event model for the macro-event
Authors: Li Fuyin Thomas
Published: April 2024

The macro-event is a fundamental concept in Talmyan motion event typology. A large literature has been documented
concerning the status of a particular language in the two-way typology that he proposes, but relatively little literature focusing
on the morphosyntactic dimension of the macro-event per se, let alone on the cognitive motivation of the macro-event. This article
analyzes the types of macro-events expressed by directional complement constructions in Mandarin, and argues that the macro-events
are image-schema-based. The simple image schemas give rise to a more complex three-event-semantic-model, termed
(point)-to-point
, or to be more particular, (point a)-to-point b, in which
to represents the affecting or intervening event, point a represents the original state of point b,
point b is the resulting event. point a is usually implied, not explicitly expressed, so it is put in
brackets. This model has advantages over Talmy’s main event and co-event structure in that it can largely predict the meaning-form
mapping, and explain more constructions. The findings have some implications for cognitive semantics: In grammar, languages
generally prioritize the third event; the complex event model might be motivated by simple image schemas.
UBAP2L ensures homeostasis of nuclear pore complexes at the intact nuclear envelope
Authors: Liao Yongrong , Andronov Leonid , Liu Xiaotian , Lin Junyan , Guerber Lucile , Lu Linjie , Agote-Arán Arantxa , Pangou Evanthia , Ran Li , Kleiss Charlotte , Qu Mengdi , Schmucker Stephane , Cirillo Luca , Zhang Zhirong , Riveline Daniel , Gotta Monica , Klaholz Bruno P. , Sumara Izabela
Published: April 2024

Assembly of macromolecular complexes at correct cellular sites is crucial for cell function. Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large cylindrical assemblies with eightfold rotational symmetry, built through hierarchical binding of nucleoporins (Nups) forming distinct subcomplexes. Here, we uncover a role of ubiquitin-associated protein 2-like (UBAP2L) in the assembly and stability of properly organized and functional NPCs at the intact nuclear envelope (NE) in human cells. UBAP2L localizes to the nuclear pores and facilitates the formation of the Y-complex, an essential scaffold component of the NPC, and its localization to the NE. UBAP2L promotes the interaction of the Y-complex with POM121 and Nup153, the critical upstream factors in a well-defined sequential order of Nups assembly onto NE during interphase. Timely localization of the cytoplasmic Nup transport factor fragile X-related protein 1 (FXR1) to the NE and its interaction with the Y-complex are likewise dependent on UBAP2L. Thus, this NPC biogenesis mechanism integrates the cytoplasmic and the nuclear NPC assembly signals and ensures efficient nuclear transport, adaptation to nutrient stress, and cellular proliferative capacity, highlighting the importance of NPC homeostasis at the intact NE.
Random Green’s Function Method for Large-Scale Electronic Structure Calculation
Authors: Tang 汤 Mingfa 明发 , Liu 刘 Chang 畅 , Zhang 张 Aixia 爱霞 , Zhang 张 Qingyun 青云 , Zhai 翟 Jiayu 佳羽 , Yuan 袁 Shengjun 声军 , Ke 柯 Youqi 友启
Published: April 2024

We report a linear-scaling random Green’s function (rGF) method for large-scale electronic structure calculation. In this method, the rGF is defined on a set of random states and is efficiently calculated by projecting onto Krylov subspace. With the rGF method, the Fermi–Dirac operator can be obtained directly, avoiding the polynomial expansion to Fermi–Dirac function. To demonstrate the applicability, we implement the rGF method with the density-functional tight-binding method. It is shown that the Krylov subspace can maintain at small size for materials with different gaps at zero temperature, including H2O and Si clusters. We find with a simple deflation technique that the rGF self-consistent calculation of H2O clusters at T = 0 K can reach an error of ∼ 1 meV per H2O molecule in total energy, compared to deterministic calculations. The rGF method provides an effective stochastic method for large-scale electronic structure simulation.
High-Power Raman Soliton Generation at 1.7 μm in All-Fiber Polarization-Maintaining Erbium-Doped Amplifier
Authors: Xu 徐 Zi-Peng 子鹏 , Wang 王 Xuan 萱 , Yao 姚 Chuan-Fei 传飞 , Yang 杨 Lin-Jing 林京 , Li 李 Ping-Xue 平雪
Published: April 2024

An all-fiber polarization maintaining high-power laser system operating at 1.7 μm based on the Raman-induced soliton self-frequency shifting effect is demonstrated. The entirely fiberized system is built by erbium-doped oscillator and two-stage amplifiers with polarization maintaining commercial silica fibers and devices, which can provide robust and stable soliton generation. High-power soliton laser with the average power of 0.28 W, the repetition rate of 42.7 MHz, and pulse duration of 515 fs is generated directly from the main amplifier. Our experiment provides a feasible method for high-power all-fiber polarization maintaining femtosecond laser generation working at 1.7 μm.
The excitation energies and hyperfine structures for 2l, 3l states in lithiumlike ions
Authors: Li Bing-Bing , Jiang Jun , Wu Lei , Zhang Ru-Kui , Li Xian-Jun , Dong Chen-Zhong
Published: April 2024

Combining the multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method and the model-quantum electrodynamics (QED) approach, the wave functions, transition energies and hyperfine structure constants for 2l, 3l states in Li-like Ne7+, Mg9+, Al10+, P12+, Ar15+ and Ca17+ ions are calculated. The effects of electron correlation, Breit interactions, nuclear recoil and QED effects are analyzed in detail. We find that the contribution of the non-diagonal elements of the self-energy is significant for the

2

p

1

/

2

→
2

s

1

/

2

and

2

p

3

/

2

→
2

s

1

/

2

transitions. However, for the

3
l
→
2

s

1

/

2

transitions, the contribution of non-diagonal elements is small. The accuracy of the currently calculated hyperfine structure constants is expected to be within 1%.
Glory interference spectroscopy in Sr atom
Authors: Ferentinou K , Danakas S , Bordas C , Cohen S
Published: April 2024

Slow (meV) photoelectron imaging spectroscopy is employed in the experimental study of near-threshold photoionization of strontium atoms in the presence of an external static electric field. Specifically, the study is devoted to the glory effect, that is, the appearance of an intense peak at the center of the recorded photoelectron images, when dealing withm= 0 final ionized Stark states (mdenoting the magnetic quantum number). This critical effect is formally identical to that encountered in classical scattering theory, where, for a nonzero value of the impact parameter, the zero-crossing of the deflection function leads to a divergent classical differential cross section. By recording the magnitude variation of this glory peak as a function of electron excitation energy, we observe that, besides the traces of classical origin, it also exhibits intense quantum interference and beating phenomena, above and below the zero-static-field ionization threshold. We study both, single- and two-photon ionization of Sr, thus enabling a comparison not only between the different excitation schemes, but also with an earlier work devoted to two-photon ionization of Mg atom by Kalaitziset al(2020Phys. Rev.A102033101). Our recordings are analyzed within the framework of the Harmin–Fano frame transformation Stark effect theory that is applied to both the hydrogen atom and a non-hydrogenic one simulating Sr. We discuss the various aspects of the recorded and calculated glory interference and beating structures and their ‘short time Fourier transforms’ and classify them as either atom-specific or atom independent. In particular, we verify the ‘universal’ connection between the glory oscillations above the zero-field threshold and the differences between the origin-to-detector times of flight corresponding to pairs of classical electron trajectories that end up to the image center.
Separation of kinetic rate orders in extreme ultraviolet transient grating spectroscopy
Authors: Marroux Hugo J B , Polishchuk Serhii , Cannelli Oliviero , Ingle Rebecca A , Mancini Giulia F , Bacellar Camila , Puppin Michele , Geneaux Romain , Knopp Gregor , Foglia Laura , Pedersoli Emanuele , Capotondi Flavio , Nikolov Ivaylo Petrov , Bencivenga Filippo , Mincigrucci Riccardo , Masciovecchio Claudio , Chergui Majed
Published: April 2024

We present an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) transient grating (TG) experiment of the spinel Co3O4 compound using tuneable incident energies across the Co M2,3-edge and a 395 nm probe pulse, detecting both the first and the second diffraction orders (SDOs). While the first diffraction order shows a monotonous behavior as a function of time, with a sharp response at t = 0, followed by a weak sub-picosecond component and a nearly constant signal thereafter, the time dependence of SDO varies dramatically with the incident energy as it is tuned across the Co M-edge, with the appearance of a component at t > 1 ps that grows with increasing energy. The results are rationalized in terms of the deviations of the initial grating from sinusoidal to non-sinusoidal, namely a flattening of the grating pattern, that introduces new Fourier components. These deviations are due to higher order, three-body terms in the population relaxation kinetics. The present results highlight the use of the SDO response in EUV TG as a tool to identify higher order terms in the population kinetics.
R-Matrix calculations for opacities: II. Photoionization and oscillator strengths of iron ions Fe xvii, Fe xviii and Fe xix
Authors: Nahar S N , Zhao L , Eissner W , Pradhan A K
Published: April 2024

Iron is the dominant heavy element that plays an important role in radiation transport in stellar interiors. Owing to its abundance and large number of bound levels and transitions, iron ions determine the opacity more than any other astrophysically abundant element. A few iron ions constitute the abundance and opacity of iron at the base of the convection zone (BCZ) at the boundary between the solar convection and radiative zones and are the focus of the present study. Together, Fe xvii, Fe xviii and Fe xix represent 85% of iron ion fractions, 20%, 39% and 26% respectively, at the BCZ physical conditions of temperature T ∼

2.11
×

10
6

 K and electron density

N

e

=

3.1
×

10

22

c.c. We report the most extensive R-matrix atomic calculations for these ions for bound–bound and bound–free transitions, the two main processes of radiation absorption. We consider wavefunction expansions with 218 target or core ion fine structure levels of Fe xviii for Fe xvii, 276 levels of Fe xix for Fe xviii, in the Breit–Pauli R-matrix (BPRM) approximation, and 180 LS terms (equivalent to 415 fine structure levels) of Fe xx for Fe xix calculations. These large target expansions, which include core ion excitations to n = 2,3,4 complexes, enable accuracy and convergence of photoionization cross sections, as well as the inclusion of high lying resonances. The resulting R-matrix datasets include 454 bound levels for Fe xvii, 1,174 levels for Fe xviii, and 1,626 for Fe xix up to

n
⩽

10 and l = 0–9. Corresponding datasets of oscillator strengths for photoabsorption are: 20 951 transitions for Fe xvii, 141 869 for Fe xviii, and 289 291 for Fe xix. Photoionization cross sections have been obtained for all bound fine structure levels of Fe xvii and Fe xviii, and for 900 bound LS states of Fe xix. Selected results demonstrating prominent characteristic features of photoionization are presented, particularly the strong Seaton photoexcitation-of-core resonances formed via high-lying core excitations with

Δ
n
=
1

that significantly impact bound–free opacity.
Ferroelectric polymorphic phenomena in the layered antiferromagnet Cu(OH)2
Authors: Sau Subhajit , Behatha Anuroopa , Garcia-Castro A C , Vaitheeswaran G , Kanchana V
Published: April 2024

Ferroic orders and their associated structural phase transitions are paramount in the understanding of a multitude of unconventional condensed matter phenomena. On this note, our investigation focuses on the polymorphic ferroelectric (FE) phase transitions of Copper(II) hydroxide, Cu(OH)2, considering an antiferromagnetic ground state. By employing the first-principles studies and group theory analysis, we have provided a systematic theoretical investigation of vibrational properties in the hypothetical Cmcm high-symmetry phase to unveil the symmetry-allowed ferroic phases. We identified a non-polar to polar (

C
m
c

2
1

) phase transition, in which the displacive transformation is primarily responsible for the phase change induced by two

B

1
u

(

i
.
e
.

Γ
2
−

) phonon modes within the centrosymmetric phase. We also observed the existence of two polar structures with the same space group and different degrees of polarization (

i
.
e
.

Ps
= 3.06 µC·cm−2 and Ps
= 42.41 µC·cm−2), emerging from the high symmetry non-polar structure. According to the structural analysis the FE order, of a geometric nature, is driven by the

Γ
2
−

mode in which the O- and H-sites displacements lead the polar distortion with a minor contribution from the Cu-sites. Interestingly, the 3d
9:Cu2+ Jahn–Teller distortion coupled with the orientational shifts of O–H atoms enhances the polarization.
Investigation of magnetic exchange interactions in Cr-doped

Ca

0.5

Sr

0.5

RuO

3
Authors: Brar Jaskirat , Bindu R
Published: April 2024

The value of Curie temperature (T
C) and resistivity for

Ca

0.5

Sr

0.5

Ru

1
−
x

Cr

x

O

3

are found to increase with increase in x from 0 to 0.1. The T
C increases from 38 K to 107 K. In this work, we investigate the increment using spin polarised density functional theory. The compounds exhibit Griffiths phase. Our results show that to understand the behaviour of the increase in T

C

, it is important to consider not only the competing super exchange and super–super exchange interactions between Ru/Cr–Ru/Cr ion pairs but also the increment in the value of the magnetic moment due to the localized character of the dopant (Cr) ion. Our results suggest that the increased resistivity with Cr doping could be due to increased scattering rate and strong on-site coulomb repulsion due to Cr doping. It is also important to note that the behaviour of T

C

with the Ru–O–Ru bond angle is not in line with the functional form reported for ferrites, chromites and some ferromagnetic oxides. We believe that our results will be helpful in further exploring the origin of magnetism and transport on Cr doping in perovskite ruthenates.
A novel method for measuring roll angle
Authors: Zhang Ping-an , Gao Min , Wang Wei , Wang Yi , Su Xu-jun , Che Jin-li
Published: April 2024

The precise measurement of the spin speed of a high-speed autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (HSA-UAV) is a key element in mastering flight stability, and the measurement of roll angle is the key to determining the accuracy of navigation control systems. We put forward a novel method for measuring roll angle. This method starts from the time–frequency domain analysis of the output signal of the geomagnetic sensor, extracts the time–frequency ridge of the time–frequency matrix (TFM) to obtain the spin speed of the HSA-UAV, and reconstructs the output signal of the geomagnetic sensor. It can calculate the roll angle when the calibration parameters of the geomagnetic sensor are unknown and have good engineering practical value. In addition, we also propose an improved nonlinear short-time Fourier transform with high-frequency resolution and a forward penalty dynamic path ridge-extraction method with frequency jump suppression to extract instantaneous frequency in the TFM.
Development and calibration of large deformation-compliant six-axis force sensor
Authors: Huang Xiaoming , Yin Zhongjun , Li Mingge , Liu Quan
Published: April 2024

Improving the measurement accuracy and minimising the coupling between directions are the keys to researching the compliant six-axis force sensors. The use of a six-axis force sensor to accurately monitor the ground reaction force and centre of pressure during human motion is of great significance in the fields of biomechanics and pathological gait diagnosis. Although complete force information can be obtained using a commercial six-axis force sensor, its high stiffness affects the natural gait and easily leads to human fatigue. A compliant six-axis force sensor based on a flexible optical waveguide is proposed, in which the force and torque of six dimensions are detected by reasonably arranging six modular sensing units, and the mechanical decoupling of some dimensions is realised in theory. For the interdimensional coupling and error caused by machining process factors, as well as the nonlinear relationship between the input and output of the proposed compliant six-axis force sensor, a DE-RBF decoupling algorithm is proposed to decouple the calibration data. Compared with the least squares method (LSM) and the radial basis function (RBF) neural network decoupling algorithm, the obtained type-I errors were reduced by 87.7629%, 43.6265%, respectively, and type-II errors by 35.3312%, 56.9162%, respectively. The decoupling result’s maximum type-I and type-II errors were reduced from 7.7125% and 2.7382% in LSM and 3.1029% and 2.8917% in RBF to 0.5916% and 0.9558%, respectively. The measurement accuracy of the compliant six-axis force sensor was significantly higher; however, the time effectiveness of the proposed DE-RBF decoupling algorithm was slightly lower than that of the RBF neural network by 2.47%. In conclusion, the decoupling accuracy and timeliness of the proposed DE-RBF decoupling algorithm can satisfy the requirements of compliant six-axis force sensors to monitor low-frequency biomechanical signals, such as human motion.
A deep-learning image registration method for pressure-sensitive paint measurements
Authors: Di Yida , Gu Feng , Liu Yingzheng , Peng Di
Published: April 2024

Image registration is an essential step in the data processing of pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) measurements. As PSP technology is gradually expanded to increasingly harsh environments, it faces challenges such as severe image misalignment due to model deformations/motions, which pose difficulties to traditional feature-based registration algorithms. To improve registration accuracy and efficiency, we propose an end-to-end image registration method based on deep learning. Initially, a PSP dataset based on PSP images is constructed through data augmentation. Three types of residual network and three training strategies are then adopted to prepare the deep-learning model for automatic image registration. The optimal combination of the residual network and training strategy is selected for validation using fabricated PSP images and outperforms two traditional algorithms (i.e., the Sift and Watershed methods). Finally, the performance of the deep-learning method is compared with that of traditional algorithms adopting a new metric of the overlapping rate for assessing the registration accuracy on experimental PSP images. The results show that the deep learning method outperforms the traditional algorithms in terms of registration accuracy and robustness.
Synthesis of flowerlike vanadium diselenide microspheres for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Wang Weiqiang , Zhang Xuchen , Wang Weitao , Xue Yinhui , Sheng Daohu , Xie Mengkai , Xie Aming
Published: April 2024

The revelation of MoS2 as an efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing material has ratcheted up people’s attention to other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). To date, extensive studies have been conducted on the semiconducting VIB-Group TMDs while research into metallic VB-Group TMDs has been relatively rare. In this work, we successfully fabricated VB-Group VSe2 microspheres through a facile one-step hydrothermal method and used them as EMW absorbers. The flowerlike VSe2 microspheres based on VSe2 nanosheets exhibited a minimum reflection loss of 46.58 dB with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.86 GHz. The influence of material morphology, microstructure, and dielectric properties on the EMW absorption performance was systematically investigated. The hierarchically layered structure promoted dielectric loss and EMW absorption by means of multiple reflection, interfacial polarization and related relaxation, and enhanced attenuation ability. This work not only demonstrates that VSe2 is potentially a high-efficiency single component EMW absorber, but also provides fresh insights into exploration on the EMW loss mechanisms of the metallic TMD-based absorbing materials.
Adequate laser focusing and signal acquisition conditions for 3D measurement of electric-field distribution by the E-FISHG method
Authors: Sogame Masataka , Nakamura Shin , Sato Masahiro , Fujii Takashi , Kumada Akiko
Published: April 2024

Electric field measurement using electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation (E-FISHG) has attracted attention because of its non-invasiveness and high spatiotemporal resolution. In the electric field measurement by the E-FISHG method, the applied electric-field profile along the laser path outside the focal spot affects the second-harmonic generation (SHG) signal. We have proposed a method of calibrating and inferring the applied electric-field profile from the SHG distribution along the laser path. In our previous research, the successful inference of a relatively simple electric-field profile from a series of SHG signals was demonstrated. To measure more complex electric-field profiles, we apply our method to three cases of electric-field profiles: (1) the profile with different sharpness, (2) the profile with two peaks, and (3) the profile with noise superimposed on the SHG signal. The applied electric-field distribution can be inferred within 10% error by adequately choosing the confocal parameter. We also provide guidelines for the required signal acquisition region and measurement pitch when the approximate shape of the applied electric field is known, which are important for actual measurement.
A novel state-resolved actinometry method to determine the nitrogen atom number density in the ground state and intra-shell excited states in low-pressure electron cyclotron resonance plasmas
Authors: Zhu Xi-Ming , Wang Lu , Wang Yan-Fei , Wang Yang , Yu Da-Ren , Bartschat Klaus
Published: April 2024

The active-particle number density is a key parameter for plasma material processing, space propulsion, and plasma-assisted combustion. The traditional actinometry method focuses on measuring the density of the atoms in the ground state, but there is a lack of an effective optical emission spectroscopy method to measure intra-shell excited-state densities. The latter atoms have chemical selectivity and higher energy, and they can easily change the material morphology as well as the ionization and combustion paths. In this work, we present a novel state-resolved actinometry (SRA) method, supported by a krypton line-ratio method for the electron temperature and density, to measure the number densities of nitrogen atoms in the ground and intra-shell excited states. The SRA method is based on a collisional-radiative model, considering the kinetics of atomic nitrogen and krypton including their excited states. The densities measured by our method are compared with those obtained from a dissociative model in a miniature electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source. Furthermore, the saturation effect, in which the electron density remains constant due to the microwave propagation in an ECR plasma once the power reaches a certain value, is used to verify the electron density measured by the line-ratio method. An ionization balance model is also presented to examine the measured electron temperature. All the values obtained with the different methods are in good agreement with each other, and hence a set of verified rate coefficient data used in our method can be provided. A novel concept, the ‘excited-state system’, is presented to quickly build an optical diagnostic method based on the analysis of quantum number propensity and selection rules.
Limitations in design and applications of ultra-small mode volume photonic crystals
Authors: Emran Rubaiya , Chalupnik Michelle , Knall Erik N , Riedinger Ralf , Chia Cleaven , Lončar Marko
Published: April 2024

Ultra-small mode volume nanophotonic crystal cavities have been proposed as powerful tools for increasing coupling rates in cavity quantum electrodynamics systems. However, their adoption in quantum information applications remains elusive. In this work, we investigate possible reasons why, and analyze the impact of different low mode volume resonator design choices on their utility in quantum optics experiments. We analyze band structure features and loss rates of low mode volume bowtie cavities in diamond and demonstrate independent design control over cavity-emitter coupling strength and loss rates. Further, using silicon vacancy centers in diamond as exemplary emitters, we investigate the influence of placement imprecision. We find that the benefit on photon collection efficiency and indistinguishability is limited, while the fabrication complexity of ultra-small cavity designs increases substantially compared to conventional photonic crystals. We conclude that ultra-small mode volume designs are primarily of interest for dispersive spin-photon interactions, which are of great interest for future quantum networks.
Influence of source parameters on the longitudinal phase-space distribution of a pulsed cryogenic beam of barium fluoride molecules
Authors: Mooij M C , Bethlem H L , Boeschoten A , Borschevsky A , Esajas K , Fikkers T H , Hoekstra S , van Hofslot J W F , Jungmann K , Marshall V R , Meijknecht T B , Timmermans R G E , Touwen A , Ubachs W , Willmann L , Yin Y ,   NL-eEDM collaboration
Published: April 2024

Recently, we have demonstrated a method to record the longitudinal phase-space distribution of a pulsed cryogenic buffer gas cooled beam of barium fluoride molecules with high resolution. In this paper, we use this method to determine the influence of various source parameters. Besides the expected dependence on temperature and pressure, the forward velocity of the molecules is strongly correlated with the time they exit the cell, revealing the dynamics of the gas inside the cell. Three observations are particularly noteworthy: (1) The velocity of the barium fluoride molecules increases rapidly as a function of time, reaches a maximum 50–200  µs after the ablation pulse and then decreases exponentially. We attribute this to the buffer gas being heated up by the plume of hot atoms released from the target by the ablation pulse and subsequently being cooled down via conduction to the cell walls. (2) The time constant associated with the exponentially decreasing temperature increases when the source is used for a longer period of time, which we attribute to the formation of a layer of isolating dust on the walls of the cell. By thoroughly cleaning the cell, the time constant is reset to its initial value. (3) The velocity of the molecules at the trailing end of the molecular pulse depends on the length of the cell. For short cells, the velocity is significantly higher than expected from the sudden freeze model. We attribute this to the target remaining warm over the duration of the molecular pulse giving rise to a temperature gradient within the cell. Our observations will help to optimize the source parameters for producing the most intense molecular beam at the target velocity.
Introduction
Authors: Halberstam Chaya T
Published: April 2024

The Introduction begins by surveying several stories from the Hebrew Bible and examining what they convey about justice and judgment. It schematizes different models of judgment, relating in particular to divine intervention, direct or indirect, in reaching a verdict. It identifies the characteristics of two key elements of the study: trial stories and counternarratives. Trial stories are identified both as a universal type-scene and also cast within more specific, ancient contexts. Counternarratives are defined as stories that are positioned against dominant cultural narratives. The chapter also describes the main objective of the book and outlines the plan of the book, summarizing each chapter.
Dissolving Trials in Josephus’sJewish Antiquities
Authors: Halberstam Chaya T
Published: April 2024

This chapter explores some of the many trial stories in the ancient Jewish historian Flavius Josephus’s Jewish Antiquities. Josephus extols the God-given Jewish law and commends it for giving rise to a perfectly harmonious society. However, the trials he narrates rarely end in a verdict. Most of Josephus’s trial scenes conclude with some kind of negotiation or postponement of the case. Josephus often spells out and nearly always implies the calamitous results of a decision (even when it may be true, or just) rendered against a litigant with some measure of power (either institutional or popular). The chapter reveals the ways in which Josephus uses trial stories to wed relational and contextual reasoning with more detached historical judgments about justice. He thus presents a more politically prudent—if not necessarily more just—form of judicial decision-making.
Parables of Judgment in Tannaitic Literature
Authors: Halberstam Chaya T
Published: April 2024

Tannaitic texts promote legal logic as the only acceptable form of dispute resolution, in keeping with the requirement to scrupulously uphold God’s Torah. However, rabbinic homiletics often include observations about the broader aims of social justice in which detached, legal decision-making falls short. This chapter argues that the many hypotheticals or paths raised but not taken in tannaitic texts suggest other modes of contextual and relational reasoning; many of these paths would better promote the values of equality and social good will. The chapter also closely analyses an explicit exegetical and moral debate staged in the Tosefta between two distinct modes of judicial decision-making. The authoritative and legally precise judge who segregates himself from the litigants and enforces God’s law is set in opposition to the mediator who guides litigants through negotiation and compromise to arrive at a peaceful and just resolution. The Tosefta does not decide between them.
Toleration and The State of Nature
Authors: Reznick Scott M
Published: April 2024

The chapter reassesses the Lockean dimensions of James Fenimore Cooper’s fiction, arguing that Locke’s concern with toleration, not property, was the more important influence on Cooper’s last two Leatherstocking novels. By analyzing the state-of-nature-like settings of The Pathfinder (1840) and The Deerslayer (1841), it examines how Cooper emphasizes the parallels between cultivating a responsiveness to nature’s sublimity and fostering an openness toward human difference in response to the moral and political divisiveness of the 1830s. In doing so, Cooper offers an important revision to Edmund Burke’s concept of the sublime and how it bears on social life.
Politics, Friendship, and Fools
Authors: Reznick Scott M
Published: April 2024

The chapter explores how Hawthorne’s novel of social reform, The Blithedale Romance (1852), addresses the dilemma at the heart of political liberalism—how a stable and just society is possible given the divergent worldviews individuals will inevitably hold—by examining the dynamics of friendship. It places Hawthorne’s novel in conversation with Aristotle, Edmund Burke, and Ralph Waldo Emerson to show how its protagonist, Miles Coverdale, turns to his “little platoon”—Hollingsworth, Zenobia, and Priscilla—to make sense of the clashing perspectives rending the Blithedale community and the forms of belonging and connection that undergird broader political life. In doing so, Hawthorne—like Douglass and Stowe—emphasizes the importance of individuality and imagination for navigating the relationship between self and other, mind and world.
Barriers and motivators to undertaking physical activity in adults over 70—a systematic review of the quantitative literature
Authors: Kilgour Alixe H M , Rutherford Matthew , Higson Joanna , Meredith Samantha J , McNiff Jessica , Mitchell Stephanie , Wijayendran Anusan , Lim Stephen E R , Shenkin Susan D
Published: April 2024

Background

Physical activity (PA) has multiple benefits for older adults (≥70 years old). Despite this many older adults do not undertake the World Health Organisation guideline recommended amount of PA. This systematic review examines barriers and motivators to PA in adults aged ≥70 years.

Methods

We analysed the quantitative literature, including observational studies and baseline data from randomised controlled trials. Studies examining specific diseases (e.g. cognitive impairment), or care home residents were excluded. Database searches of ASSIA, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science were undertaken on 7 March 2023. Quality assessment was performed using the ROBANS tool. We synthesised the results using the socioecological model. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021160503).

Results

We identified 37 papers, n = 26,961, age 70–101 years (median 78), 62% female. We undertook a narrative review; meta-analysis was not possible. Overall risk of bias was low. A total of 23 studies addressed barriers, seven motivators, seven both. The most cited barriers were: concern about physical health/fitness (14 studies), lack of motivation/interest (13 studies), fear of falls/history of falling (11 studies) and environmental barriers (10 studies). Key motivators were: support from family/friends (five studies), social interaction (five studies), personal benefits (five studies) and outside facilities (five studies). Results varied across gender, age, functional ability and geographical location.

Discussion

To maximise PA in older adults, important modifiable factors identified in this review should be targeted: support from healthcare professionals; reducing fear of falls; and prioritising ease of access and safety of outdoor facilities. When considering future policy, a person-centred, age group appropriate approach will have the most impact.
Perfusion quality odds (PEQUOD) trial: validation of the multifactorial dynamic perfusion index as a predictor of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Ranucci Marco , Baryshnikova Ekaterina , Anguissola Martina , Mazzotta Vittoria , Scirea Chiara , Cotza Mauro , Ditta Antonio , de Vincentiis Carlo
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES

The multifactorial dynamic perfusion index was recently introduced as a predictor of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. The multifactorial dynamic perfusion index was developed based on retrospective data retrieved from the patient files. The present study aims to prospectively validate this index in an external series of patients, through an on-line measure of its various components.

METHODS

Inclusion criteria were adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Data collection included preoperative factors and cardiopulmonary bypass-related factors. These were collected on-line using a dedicated monitor. Factors composing the multifactorial dynamic perfusion index are the nadir haematocrit, the nadir oxygen delivery, the time of exposure to a low oxygen delivery, the nadir mean arterial pressure, cardiopulmonary bypass duration, the use of red blood cell transfusions and the peak arterial lactates.

RESULTS

Two hundred adult patients were investigated. The multifactorial dynamic perfusion index had a good (c-statistics 0.81) discrimination for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (any stage) and an excellent (c-statistics 0.93) discrimination for severe patterns (stage 2–3). Calibration was modest for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (any stage) and good for stage 2–3. The use of vasoconstrictors was an additional factor associated with cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury.

CONCLUSIONS

The multifactorial dynamic perfusion index is validated for discrimination of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury risk. It incorporates modifiable risk factors, and may help in reducing the occurrence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury.
Long-term incidence of arrhythmias in extracardiac conduit Fontan and comparison between systemic left and right ventricle
Authors: Di Mambro Corrado , Yammine Marie Laure , Tamborrino Pietro Paolo , Giordano Ugo , Righi Daniela , Unolt Marta , Cantarutti Nicoletta , Maiolo Stella , Albanese Sonia , Carotti Adriano , Amodeo Antonio , Galletti Lorenzo , Drago Fabrizio
Published: April 2024

Aims

The extracardiac conduit-Fontan (ECC) has become the preferred technique for univentricular heart palliation, but there are currently no data on the incidence of long-term arrhythmias. This study investigated the incidence of arrhythmias and relation to single ventricle morphology in the long-term follow-up (FU) in ECC.

Methods and results

All patients with ECC performed in our Centre between 1987 and 2017 were included (minimum FU 5 years). Of 353 consecutive patients, 303 [57.8% males, aging 8–50 (median 20) years at last FU] were considered and divided into two groups depending on left (194 in Group 1) or right (109 in Group 2) ventricular morphology. Eighty-five (28%) experienced ≥1 arrhythmic complications, with early and late arrhythmias in 17 (5.6%) and 73 (24.1%) patients, respectively. Notably, late bradyarrhythmias occurred after 6 years in 21 (11%) patients in Group 1, and in 15 (13.8%) in Group 2 [P = 0.48]. Late tachyarrhythmias occurred in 55 (18.2%) patients after 12 years: 33 (17%) in Group 1 and 22 (20.2%) patients in Group 2 [P  = 0.5]. Ventricular tachycardias (VT) were documented after 12.5 years in 14 (7.2%) patients of Group 1 and 15 (13.8%) of Group 2 [P = 0.06] with a higher incidence in Group 2 during the FU [P = 0.005].

Conclusion

Extracardiac conduit is related to a significant arrhythmic risk in the long-term FU, higher than previously reported. Bradyarrhythmias occur earlier but are less frequent than tachyarrhythmias. Interestingly, patients with systemic right ventricle have a significantly higher incidence of VT, especially in a very long FU.
Melipona stingless bees and honey microbiota reveal the diversity, composition, and modes of symbionts transmission
Authors: Cerqueira Alan Emanuel Silva , Lima Helena Santiago , Silva Lívia Carneiro Fidélis , Veloso Tomás Gomes Reis , de Paula Sérgio Oliveira , Santana Weyder Cristiano , da Silva Cynthia Canêdo
Published: April 2024

The Melipona gut microbiota differs from other social bees, being characterized by the absence of crucial corbiculate core gut symbionts and a high occurrence of environmental strains. We studied the microbial diversity and composition of three Melipona species and their honey to understand which strains are obtained by horizontal transmission (HT) from the pollination environment, represent symbionts with HT from the hive/food stores or social transmission (ST) between nestmates. Bees harbored higher microbial alpha diversity and a different and more species-specific bacterial composition than honey. The fungal communities of bee and honey samples are also different but less dissimilar. As expected, the eusocial corbiculate core symbionts Snodgrassella and Gilliamella were absent in bees that had a prevalence of Lactobacillaceae - including Lactobacillus (formerly known as Firm-5), Bifidobacteriaceae, Acetobacteraceae, and Streptococcaceae - mainly strains close to Floricoccus, a putative novel symbiont acquired from flowers. They might have co-evolved with these bees via ST, and along with environmental Lactobacillaceae and Pectinatus (Veillonellaceae) strains obtained by HT, and Metschnikowia and Saccharomycetales yeasts acquired by HT from honey or the pollination environment, including plants/flowers, possibly compose the Melipona core microbiota. This work contributes to the understanding of Melipona symbionts and their modes of transmission.