bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Modulatory Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Brain Oscillatory Patterns in the Beta Band in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Morales Fajardo Kenya , Yan Xuanteng , Lungoci George , Casado Sánchez Monserrat , Mitsis Georgios D. , Boudrias Marie-Hélène
Published: December 2024

In the last few years, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has attracted attention as a promising approach to interact with ongoing oscillatory cortical activity and, consequently, to enhance cognitive and motor processes. Previous studies using tACS in the younger population have shown mixed results and cannot easily be transferred to the older population. In fact, the effects of tACS on cortical oscillations in healthy aging participants have not yet been investigated in great detail, particularly during movement. This study aimed to examine the after-effects of 20 Hz and 70 Hz High-Definition tACS (HD-tACS) on beta oscillations both during rest and movement. We found that 20-Hz HD-tACS induced a significant reduction in resting-state beta signals in electrode C3 and CP3, while 70 Hz did not have any significant effects. With regards to Movement-Related Beta Desynchronization (MRBD), 20 Hz tACS led to more negative values, while 70 Hz tACS resulted in more positive ones in electrodes C3 and FC3. These findings suggest that tACS can modulate beta brain oscillations with frequency-specific effects. These findings highlight the focalized impact of tACS yielding effects on the specific cortical region situated directly beneath the electrode responsible for delivering the electrical current.
Preparation of Air Stable Lead-Free CsSnI3 Perovskites: Synthesis Based on CsI and SnCl2 Solutions
Authors: Nematov Dilshod , Ashurov Anushervon , Burhonzoda Amondulloi , Raufov Iskandar , Kholmurodov Kholmirzo
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study focuses on the synthesis and analysis of the morphology of CsSnI3 crystals and films based on CsI and SnCl2 solutions. The aim of this approach is to synthesize air-stable perovskites and prevent phase transitions of tin-containing perovskite, where previous studies have often reported its rapid oxidation when dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Methods: CsSnI3 crystalline films were obtained from CsI and SnCl2 solutions, in which deionized water and ultrapure ethanol were used for their dissolution. Dissolution and mixing were performed at room temperature. High-purity CsI (99.99%) and SnCl2 (99.99%) powders were used to obtain solutions. To obtain a homogeneous CsSnl3 solution, the SnCl2 solution was added dropwise to the CsI solution and stirred on a magnetic stirrer at 900 rpm. The resulting solution was then applied to FTO substrates heated on a hotplate without spin coating. The samples were heated to temperatures from 60 0C to 130 0C, where, depending on the rate of evaporation of the liquid, the process of formation of crystalline and thin-film structures was controlled. Results: Stable CsSnI3 films were obtained. SEM and X-ray diffraction analyses of the obtained cesium tin triiodide films deposited on conventional FTO glass substrates were performed. X-ray diffraction patterns of synthesized perovskite crystals and films were obtained. Conclusion: The synthesized CsSnI3 perovskite thin films retained their black perovskite phase for more than 4 months, indicating their long-term stability. Based on the results and long-term stability performance, it can be concluded that the black phases of CsSnI3 are suitable for various applications such as photovoltaic devices.
Revision on Symmetry in Thermal Fluid Sciences and Energy Applications
Authors: Caetano Nattan Roberto
Published: December 2024

Symmetry is a fundamental notion in thermal-fluid sciences and energy applications and an important tool for understanding the properties of complex systems. Thermal and fluid processes are applied in several modern energy use technologies, basically consisting of the complex multidimensional interaction of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. A comprehensive analysis involves vector and scalar quantities in the flow field, where symmetry is highly considered in order to simplify geometric parameters. These requirements therefore are also applied to experimental techniques, and the interconnection between experimental analysis and numerical simulation of processes is an important field. Thus, there is a wide range of symmetry solutions for this research area, the results of which contribute to the development of science and fast information for decision-making in industry.
Tailoring Photoluminescence and X-ray Storage Properties in Mechanochemically Prepared Nanocrystalline CaF₂:Sm3+
Authors: Rozaila Z. Siti , Riesen Nicolas , Riesen Hans
Published: December 2024

The mechanochemical preparation of nanocrystalline CaF2:Sm3+ by ball milling calcium acetate hydrate, samarium (III) acetate hydrate, and ammonium fluoride is reported. The photoluminescence of the as-prepared CaF2:Sm3+ shows predominantly Sm3+ 4G5/2 → 6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2, and 11/2) f-f luminescence, but electric dipole allowed 4f55d (T1u) → 4f6 7F1 (T1g) luminescence by Sm2+ was generated upon X-irradiation. In comparison with the co-precipitated CaF2:Sm3+, the conversion of Sm3+ "→" Sm2+ in the ball milling-sample upon X-irradiation is significantly lower. Importantly, the present results indicate that the crystallite size and X-ray storage phosphor properties of the lanthanide-doped nanocrystalline CaF2 can be modified by adjusting the ball milling time, dopant concentration, and post-annealing treatment, and crystallite sizes as low as 6 nm resulted under specific experimental conditions.
Comment on the Paper Titled ’The Origin of Quantum Mechanical Statistics: Insights from Research on Human Language’ (arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.14924, 2024)
Authors: Sienicki Krzysztof
Published: December 2024

This analysis critically examines the application of quantum mechanical concepts—such as entanglement, indistinguishability, and Bose Einstein statistics — to language and cognitive processes as proposed in the paper. While the interdisciplinary approach is creative, significant theoretical and empirical challenges arise when translating quantum principles to human cognition. Key issues include the contextual and qualitative nature of cognitive processes, which differ fundamentally from the predictable, probabilistic behaviors observed in quantum systems. Cognitive phenomena are shaped by factors like emotional state, social context, and personal memory, which have no direct analogy in quantum mechanics. The assumption that words or cognitive "particles" are indistinguishable, as quantum particles are, overlooks the unique and dynamic contextual dependencies in language. Moreover, empirical support for such quantum-cognitive parallels remains limited, and the paper’s application of quantum statistics to word frequency distributions may reflect a coincidental pattern rather than a fundamental process. This assessment suggests that while the paper’s quantum analogies could foster new interdisciplinary discussions, they risk speculative overreach if treated as foundational principles for understanding cognition. Effective interdisciplinary integration would require rigorous empirical validation within cognitive science, as well as caution against reductionist interpretations that might simplify the rich complexities of human thought. Future research may benefit from more context-sensitive and evidence-based models that align more closely with established cognitive theories, thereby maintaining the intellectual richness of both quantum mechanics and cognitive science without forcing an untested theoretical bridge between them.
Core-Shell PLGA Nanoparticles: In Vitro Evaluation of System Integrity
Authors: Kovshova Tatyana , Malinovskaya Julia , Kotova Julia , Gorshkova Marina , Vanchugova Lyudmila , Osipova Nadezhda , Melnikov Pavel , Vadekhina Veronika , Nikitin Alexey , Ermolenko Yulia , Gelperina Svetlana
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to compare the properties of core-shell nanoparticles with a PLGA core and shells composed of different types of polymers; focusing on their structural integrity. Core PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by either the high-pressure homogenization — solvent evaporation technique or nanoprecipitation; using poloxamer 188 (P188); copolymer of divinyl ether with maleic anhydride (DIVEMA); and human serum albumin (HSA) as shell-forming polymers. The shells were formed through adsorption; interfacial embedding; or conjugation. For dual fluorescent labeling; the core and shell-forming polymers were conjugated with Cyanine5; Cyanine3; and rhodamine B. The nanoparticles had negative zeta potentials and sizes ranging from 100 to 250 nm (measured by DLS); depending on the shell structure and preparation technique. The core-shell structure was confirmed by TEM and fluorescence spectroscopy; with the appearance of FRET phenomena due to the donor-acceptor properties of the labels. All shells enhanced cellular uptake of the nanoparticles in Gl261 murine glioma cells. Integrity of the core-shell structure upon their incubation with cells was evidenced by intracellular colocalization of the fluorescent labels using Manders’ colocalization coefficients. This comprehensive approach may be useful for selection of the optimal preparation method already at the early stages of the core-shell nanoparticle development.
Hazard Mitigation Strategies for Underground Structures Subjected to Fault Rupture: A Review
Authors: Ghavami Sadegh , Kaushal Vinayak
Published: December 2024

Some of the consequences of earthquakes are permanent ground deformations caused by fault movement and propagation of fault rupture to the ground surface. Structural seismic design codes only recommended avoiding construction near active faults and imposing a setback zone from the fault lines to prevent fault rupture surface cross structures. Avoiding construction across or near active faults is impossible for long structures, such as tunnels and pipelines. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to mitigate the fault rupture hazard. In this paper, hazard mitigation strategies in the interaction between the fault and the subsurface structures, which are categorized into structural and geotechnical approaches, are investigated. Structural strategies include reinforcing the part of the structure that is under faulting and using flexible joints, and geotechnical strategies include isolation techniques using different materials between the tunnel lining and the soil, using sliding rigid elements or soft elements for deviation of the rupture path. Studies have shown that the fault type, the relative position of the underground structure to the fault plane, and its buried depth are among the factors affecting the efficacy of the proposed methods. The investigated solutions and their conditions can be a guide for practical engineering.
Spirituality In Heart Disease Patients From Philosophical Perspectives: A Review
Authors: Susanti Risqi Wahyu , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo , Yusuf Ah.
Published: December 2024

Background: Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Heart failure patients have fears and spiritual challenges.
Objective: This literature aims to examine the philosophy of spirituality in heart disease patients from three philosophical perspectives, namely ontology, epistemology, and axiology.
Methods: Search articles were obtained from several databases: Science Direct, Springer Nature, ProQuest, SAGE Journal, Cochran, and Scopus. The articles accepted were limited by the population of heart disease and its spiritual aspects from 2019-2024.
Results: Spirituality is important for nurses to understand in carrying out care for heart failure patients, seeing the ontology of spirituality allows nurses and patients to be able to handle the suffering, guilt, and death of heart failure patients. The epistemological concept views spirituality as being able to manage blood pressure, reduce depression, and improve the quality of life of heart disease patients. The axiological concept helps nurses provide spiritual support to heart disease patients through the patient's spiritual values ​​and beliefs.
Conclusion: Spirituality plays an important role in improving nursing care from the spiritual dimension of heart failure patients. This study recommends that nurses understand the aspects of spiritual philosophy in spiritual nursing care for heart disease patients.
Evolutionary Biology, Social Entrepreneurship, and Innovationology: Cultivating Resilient, Adaptive Solutions
Authors: Moleka Pitshou
Published: December 2024

Recognizing the urgent need to cultivate innovative solutions capable of navigating the complexity and uncertainty of our rapidly changing world, this pioneering article forges an unprecedented synthesis between the insights of evolutionary biology and the discipline of "social entrepreneurship" informed by "innovationology." By deeply integrating principles of adaptation, resilience, and symbiotic cooperation, the author presents a radically new framework for catalyzing breakthrough innovations that address societal challenges with unprecedented efficacy and durability. Drawing on diverse case studies and interdisciplinary research, this groundbreaking work unveils innovative design methodologies, organizational structures, and scaling strategies that emulate the generative, self-organizing patterns of living systems. The visionary ideas explored here represent a major leap forward in redefining the purpose and practice of innovation to align with the imperative of building a thriving, regenerative future for all.
Digital Transformation in Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Literature Review of Trends and Applications
Authors: Holloway Samuel
Published: December 2024

This study examines the role of digital transformation in supply chain management, focusing on the integration of advanced technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics. The research investigates how these innovations are reshaping traditional supply chain practices, enhancing operational efficiency, transparency, and resilience. Through a systematic literature review, the study identifies key trends, applications, and challenges associated with the digitalization of supply chains across various industries and regions. The findings suggest that digital technologies have significantly improved supply chain performance by enabling real-time tracking, predictive analytics, and better resource optimization. Additionally, the study highlights the critical role of digital tools in addressing global challenges such as supply chain disruptions, sustainability, and ethical sourcing. Despite the clear benefits, the research also identifies several barriers to adoption, including high implementation costs, technical expertise gaps, and data privacy concerns. The study emphasizes the need for continued investment in technology, industry collaboration, and skill development to overcome these challenges and maximize the potential of digital transformation in supply chain management. The conclusion underscores the importance of embracing digital innovation to build more agile, transparent, and sustainable supply chains, capable of adapting to the complexities of the global marketplace.
Characterisation of the Pathogenicity of Beauveria sp. and Metarhizium sp. Fungi Against Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Apirajkamol Nonthakorn (Beatrice) , Mainali Bishwo , Taylor Phillip , Walsh Thomas Kieran , Tay Wee Tek
Published: December 2024

Previously, we assessed the pathogenicity of eleven endemic entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) including six Beauveria isolates, four Metarhizium isolates, and one M. pingshaense, against the agricultural pest Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm, FAW). We found that four Beauveria and one Metarhizium isolates were effective, with Beauveria isolates B-0571 and B-1311 exhibited high mortality within 24 hours post spore application. This study aimed to identify and characterise entomopathogenesis mechanisms of these isolates as potential FAW biocontrol agents. All Beauveria isolates were determined as B. bassiana, the Metarhizium isolates as two M. robertsii, one M. majus, and an unknown Metarhizium species. Despite the high mortality from B-0571 and B-1311 isolates, scanning electron microscopy showed no fungal spore germination on dead larvae 24 hours after spore application. Four insecticide compound gene clusters, i.e., bassianolide, beauvericin, beauveriolide, and oosporein, were identified and characterised in all B. bassiana isolates. These compounds are hypothesised to contribute to the high early mortality rates in FAW. Identifying and characterising of gene clusters encoding these insecticide compounds in B-0571 and B-1311 will contribute to better understanding the entomopathogenicity of these isolates that will be vital to developing these EPF isolates as sustainable alternative FAW biocontrol agents.
Гибридный подход к моделированию и оценке структурных особенностей паттернов культивированных бактерий
Authors: Shevkun Ivan Aleksandrovich , Maslovskaya A G
Published: December 2024

Математические и имитационные модели кинетики роста микроорганизмов в определенных внешних условиях представляют основу для диагностики, контроля и прогнозирования химических субстанций, характеризующих состояние систем различной природы. В работе представлен подход к моделированию и численной спецификации структурно-динамических характеристик формирования паттернов при поверхностном культивировании бактерий на питательных средах. Математическая модель формализуется в виде начально-краевой задачи для системы реакционно-диффузионных уравнений, определяющих концентрации биомассы бактерий и питательного субстрата. Для модельного описания натуралистических паттернов введена стохастическая процедура эволюционной деформации популяции бактерий с колонизационным потенциалом и образованием колоний с различным време нем инкубации. Алгоритм численного решения нелинейной дифференциальной задачи сконструирован с использованием конечно-разностной схемы Яненко, дополненной итерационной процедурой. Методика оценки геометрических характеристик бактериальных паттернов основана на расчете фрактальной размерности границ кластерной структуры. Программная реализация алгоритмов проведена в пакете прикладных программ Matlab. Представлены результаты серии вычислительных экспериментов по визуализации пространственно-временных распределений биомассы бактерий и питательного субстрата при вариации управляющих параметров гибридной модели. Выявлены закономерности формирования паттернов бактериальных колоний ветвящегося морфологического типа в зависимости от изменения уровня начальной концентрации питания, диффузионного параметра и параметра стохастического роста. Установлено, что увеличение начальной концентрации питания приводит к геометрическому фазовому переходу - трансформации структуры от дендрита, через нерегулярный паттерн с цветочным узором, к однородному кластеру с достаточно гладкой границей.
Определение матрицы формы мультиатомного кластера
Authors: Plokhotnikov Konstantin Eduardovich
Published: December 2024

Определяется понятие матрицы формы для описания потенциальной энергии произвольной молекулярной системы. Изучается вопрос о множестве (единственности) локально равновесных конфигураций потенциальной энергии мультиатомного
кластера. Молекулярная система, состоящая из множества, вообще говоря, разных
атомов, именуется мультиатомным кластером. Предлагается формализм построения всей линейки многочастичных потенциалов для описания произвольного молекулярного кластера. Определяется алгоритм построения функции потенциальной
энергии мультиатомного кластера так, чтобы можно было бы говорить о построении вполне определенной конфигурации атомов кластера как о единственно возможной. Данный алгоритм рассматривается как способ решения проблемы выбора
конфигурации атомов кластера в качестве равновесной. Общие построения и выводы иллюстрируются на примерах воспроизводства в качестве равновесных стандартных конфигураций молекул воды, метана, этилена и бензола. Строятся подходящие потенциалы, имеющие указанные конфигурации в качестве глобальных минимумов. Обсуждается алгоритм построения сложной, композитной матрицы формы для кластеров, состоящих из множества одинаковых молекул. Использование
понятия “матрицы формы” позволяет естественным образом учесть в молекулярной системе всевозможные целостные субъединицы, а также описать пределы, в рамках которых эти целостности воспроизводятся в неизменном виде.
Digital Marketing Tiktok Live Sebagai Strategi Memasarkan Produk Pada UMKM Arrikna Di Kudus
Authors: Safira Della Maya Ayu , Wakhidah Nur , Istiqomah Mukhlishotul , Abdullah Junaidi
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis penerapan strategi pemasaran produk melalui platform TikTok Live pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) bernama Arrikna di Kudus. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi isu-isu inti terkait implementasi pemasaran digital melalui TikTok Live serta efeknya pada penjualan UMKM. Tujuan utama penelitian adalah untuk memahami sejauh mana strategi pemasaran digital ini efektif dalam meningkatkan eksposur dan penjualan produk UMKM Arrikna. Penelitian ini Metode penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, penggalian data mencakup wawancara, observasi mendalam dengan pemilik UMKM, serta analisis konten TikTok Live yang telah dihasilkan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa TikTok Live memberikan platform yang efektif untuk berinteraksi secara langsung dengan calon pembeli,  meningkatkan  kesadaran merek, dan mendorong keterlibatan pelanggan. Meskipun beberapa hambatan terkait sumber daya terbatas dan pemahaman teknis ditemukan, kesuksesan strategi ini tercermin dalam peningkatan penjualan dan pertumbuhan bisnis Arrikna.
Peran Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Authors: Sihombing Darwisa , Ritonga Anas Habibi , Harahap Masrul Efendi Umar , Hasibuan Nurharisyah
Published: December 2024

LPMD sebagai mitra pemerintah desa, berperan dalam mendukung pembangunan desa yang melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat, menyuarakan aspirasi masyarakat dan menjadi penghubung antara masyarakat dengan kepala desa. Namun, terdapat masalah seperti kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat akan fungsi LPMD, rendahnya tingkat partisipasi gotong royong dan kurangnya upaya untuk menyatukan persepsi antara berbagai pihak sehingga pembangunan terasa sepihak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi LPMD di Desa Siuhom serta perannya dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan 12 informan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, dengan analisis data menggunakan teknik pengumpulan, reduksi, penyajian dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LPMD di Desa Siuhom telah melaksanakan perannya dengan baik dalam mendukung upaya pemerintah desa dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Ini tercermin dalam beberapa peran yang dilakukan, seperti mengusulkan pembangunan dan renovasi sarana pendidikan, meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian, membangun infrastruktur jalan, mengusulkan pelatihan untuk kader posyandu, serta membentuk kelompok ternak dan memberikan pelatihan pembuatan pupuk organik dan pupuk kandang untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat.
Core Needle Biopsy May Predict Prognosis Preoperatively in Parotid Cancer
Authors: Ji Jeong-Yeon , Cha Wonjae , Jung Young Ho , Ahn Soon-Hyun , Jeong Woo-Jin
Published: December 2024

Objectives. Salivary gland tumors present a diagnostic challenge, with preoperative false-negative results frequently leading to an unexpected diagnosis of malignancy after parotidectomy. This study was conducted to explore the clinical utility of preoperative core needle biopsy (CNB) in diagnosing malignancies before primary parotidectomy and to assess the prognostic implications of CNB for parotid gland cancers.Methods. This retrospective cohort study included 615 patients who underwent preoperative CNB and parotidectomy for primary parotid tumors from 2003 to 2023 at a tertiary referral hospital. Among these patients, 102 who were diagnosed with primary parotid malignancy following parotidectomy were examined regarding survival outcomes. Disease-free survival (DFS) and predictive factors were assessed through univariable and multivariable analyses. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of CNB were determined. These metrics were then compared to those of a separate cohort of 547 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and parotidectomy within the same timeframe.Results. In the CNB group, the 5-year predicted DFS was 86.9% (95% CI, 79.2%–95.3%). Multivariable analysis identified male sex (hazard ratio [HR], 8.48; 95% CI, 1.05–68.76) and a CNB finding of malignancy (HR, 8.20; 95% CI, 1.01–66.15) as factors significantly associated with decreased DFS. CNB demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity (89.0%; 95% CI, 81.2%–94.4%) and NPV (97.6%; 95% CI, 95.7%–98.8%) compared to FNA, which had a sensitivity of 45.2% (95% CI, 33.5%–57.3%) and an NPV of 90.8% (95% CI, 87.7%–93.3%).Conclusion. Preoperative CNB may be predictive of parotid cancer prognosis. Patients receiving a diagnosis of malignancy on preoperative CNB demonstrated a worse prognosis compared to those with a “less-than-malignant” diagnosis. Additionally, CNB exhibited higher sensitivity than FNA in identifying malignancies of the parotid gland.
Disparities in Access to and Utilization of Surgical Care for Patients with Closed Unstable AO/OTA 44B2 Ankle Fractures and Medicaid
Authors: Patterson Joseph T. , Reddy Akhil S. , Becerra Jacob A. , Alluri R. Kiran , Hernandez Fergui , Duong Andrew M. , Ross Ryan C.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Closed, unstable AO/OTA 44B2 ankle fractures are common injuries with similar distributions by age, sex, and race. The purpose of this study was to identify disparities in access to and utilization of surgical care for these injuries.

Methods:

Ambulatory patients ≥18 years of age with capitated Medicaid health insurance who presented from January 2016 to February 2020 with an isolated, closed AO/OTA 44B2 ankle fracture with radiographic evidence of instability were retrospectively identified at 1 Level-I safety-net trauma center. Associations between patient characteristics (age, sex, preferred language, race, ethnicity, housing status, employment, and substance use) and measures of access to and utilization of ankle fracture surgery (days from injury to evaluation, being offered surgery, undergoing surgery, and days from evaluation to surgery) were investigated on bivariable and multivariable analysis.

Results:

Of the 1,116 patients who were screened, 323 met the inclusion criteria. The included patients had a median age of 41 years; 207 patients (64%) were male and 255 (79%) were Hispanic. Patients presented at a mean of 4.6 ± 7.0 days from injury. Delayed presentation was associated with self-identification as Hispanic (rate ratio [RR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17, 3.12]) and with marijuana use (RR, 1.59; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.36), whereas significantly earlier presentation was associated with a non-English language preference (RR, 0.64; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.89), alcohol abuse (RR, 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.99), and illicit drug use (RR, 0.30; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.67). Ankle fracture surgery was offered to 274 patients (85%). Experiencing homelessness was associated with a decreased likelihood of being offered surgery (odds ratio [OR], 0.15; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.69). Of patients who were offered surgery, 216 (79%) underwent surgery. Black patients underwent surgery significantly less frequently than patients who identified as White (OR, 0.14; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.77). The median time from evaluation to surgery was 11 days (interquartile range, 7 to 14 days). Patients who used illicit drugs experienced a mean delay to surgery of 6.0 days relative to those who did not use illicit drugs (mean time to surgery, 16.8 ± 7.1 and 10.8 ± 5.1 days, respectively).

Conclusions:

We identified disparities in access to and utilization of surgical care for unstable AO/OTA 44B2 ankle fractures that negatively affected patients with Medicaid insurance who identified as Hispanic or Black, were experiencing homelessness, or used illicit drugs. These disparities may negatively affect outcomes for patients receiving care in similar environments, such as capitated health-care networks and public safety-net health systems.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Adaptive Hydraulics 2D Shallow Water (AdH-SW2D) user’s manual (Version 4.7.1) : guidelines for solving 2D shallow water problems with the Adaptive Hydraulics modeling system
Authors:   Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (U.S.)
Published: December 2024

Guidelines are presented for using the US Army Corps of Engineers Adaptive Hydraulics modeling software to model 2D shallow water problems. Constituent (nonsediment) transport is also included in this document. Sediment transport instructions are contained in a supplemental user’s guide.
Permainan Tradisional Boy-Boyan: Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Mengenal Angka dalam Bahasa Madura
Authors: A’yun Qurrotu , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Damayanti Nadifa Alfani , Nadhifah Ainun , Fadilah Nur Utami , Nazarullail Fikri
Published: December 2024

The study aims to determine the development of number recognition skills in Madurese language for children aged 5-6 years and to assess the percentage improvement in number recognition skills in Madurese among Group B children at Tanjung Jati Kindergarten through the traditional game "boy-boyan" during the 2022/2023 academic year. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model. The classroom action research was conducted in four cycles, each consisting of four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects and data sources for this study were Group B children at Tanjung Jati Kindergarten, totaling 9 children, consisting of 3 boys and 6 girls. Data collection techniques in this study included observation and documentation. The data analysis techniques used were qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of the classroom action research show an improvement in the children's ability to recognize numbers in Madurese at each stage. This can be seen from the pre-cycle results, where the children's speaking ability was generally in the "Starting to Develop" category at 38.95%. No children had reached the "Developing as Expected" or "Developing Very Well" categories. However, after the learning process through the traditional game of "boy-boyan," there was an increase in speaking skills. In cycle 1, the children's speaking ability reached the "Developing as Expected" category at 70.4%. In cycle 2, their speaking ability reached the "Developing Very Well" category at 88.9%. Based on the results of this classroom action research, the teacher was able to improve the children's ability to recognize numbers in Madurese in Group B at Tanjung Jati Kindergarten through the traditional game "boy-boyan."
NUTRITIONAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF COCOA AND COFFEE BEAN SKINS IN SILAGE PRODUCTION
Authors: Halim Shirleen Samantha , Rahmah Devi Maulida
Published: December 2024

Cocoa bean skin and coffee bean skin are biomass waste that is underutilized in Indonesia. Given the nutritional potential of cocoa and coffee bean skin biomass waste, processing it is considered to add potential value. The objective of this research is to investigate the potential of utilizing cocoa and coffee bean skin waste in silage production to address specific nutritional requirements. This will be accomplished through the analysis of nutritional characteristics via proximate analysis and the evaluation of economic value added (EVA). Characteristic analysis was carried out with predetermined parameters with raw materials from silage in the form of odot grass, corn husks and additional biomass in the form of cocoa and coffee bean skin waste with concentrations of 20%, 25% and 30% respectively. The results showed that cocoa bean skin silage generally has a higher fat and protein content than coffee bean skin silage. Meanwhile, coffee bean skin silage showed a higher crude fiber and carbohydrate content than cocoa bean skin silage. Economic Value Added (EVA) analysis also revealed that silage generated an added value of IDR 806,018 with a profitability value of 40%, indicating the economic potential in processing biomass waste into silage. Future research can optimize the formulation of biomass waste and explore various biomass sources to improve nutritional and economic benefits. Evaluation of these formulations on various livestock species can also provide valuable insights into their effectiveness in various types of livestock feed.
Keywords: proximate analysis; cocoa bean skin; coffee bean skin; silage
Enhancing Sub-Seasonal Soil Moisture Forecasts through Land Initialization
Authors: Kumar Sanjiv , Duan Yanan , Maruf Montasir , Rangwala Imtiaz , Richter Jadwiga , Glanville Anne , King Teagan , Kavoo Thomas , Esit Musa , Raczka Brett , Reader Kevin
Published: December 2024

We assess the relative contributions of land, atmosphere, and oceanic initializations to the forecast skill of root zone soil moisture (SM) utilizing the Community Earth System Model version 2 Sub-seasonal climate forecast experiments (CESM2-SubX). Using eight sensitivity experiments, we disentangle the individual impacts of these three components and their interactions on the forecast skill, quantified using the anomaly correlation coefficient. The SubX experiment, in which land states are realistically initialized while atmosphere and ocean remain in their climatological states, contributes 91 ± 3% of the total sub-seasonal forecast skill across varying soil moisture conditions during summer and winter seasons. Most SM predictability stems from soil moisture memory effect. Additionally, land-atmosphere coupling contributes 50% of the land-driven soil moisture predictability. A comparative analysis of CESM2-SubX SM forecast skills against two other SubX climate models highlights the potential for enhancing soil moisture forecast accuracy by improving the representation of soil moisture to precipitation feedback.
Differences Of The Condyle Relocation Range (CRR) Between Skeletal Class II And Skeletal Class III Patients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Cui Xinyu , Tang Hongyi , Li Huazhi , Zheng Fu , Chen Youchao , Wu Tong , Li Cuiying , Jiang Jiuhui
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The present study aimed to preliminarily compare the differences of the condyle relocation range (CRR) between skeletal class II and skeletal class III patients.
Methods: Twenty skeletal class II and twenty skeletal class III young adult patients underwent wide-field cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the maximum intercuspation position (MIP) and most comfortable forward relocation (MCFR). We superimposed the CBCT images in two positions according to the bilateral zygomatic bone surface structure and then measured the dental and skeletal CRRs in three-dimensional space.
Results: The median (interquartile range) dental and skeletal CRRs of skeletal class II malocclusion patients were 8.71 (3.55) mm and 8.47 (4.19) mm, respectively. The median (interquartile range) dental and skeletal CRRs for skeletal class III malocclusion patients were 1.37 (3.43) mm and 1.04 (1.44) mm, respectively. Both the dental and skeletal CRRs of skeletal class II patients were significantly greater than those of skeletal class III patients (p<0.01).
Conclusions: The CRRs of the different skeletal types exhibit obvious differences. Therefore, the range of physiological mandible positions in patients should be given attention during orthodontic diagnosis and treatment.
Investing in Green: Foreign Direct Investment Fingerprint on Nigeria's Renewable Energy and Carbon Footprint
Authors: Adebayo Temitope
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on green growth in Nigeria, focusing on renewable energy usage and carbon footprint. Using annual data from 1990 to 2022, the research employs a Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model to analyze the relationship between FDI and various indicators of green growth. The results indicate that FDI has a positive impact on green growth in Nigeria, both in the short and long term. Environmental policy stringency also shows a positive relationship with green growth, while carbon dioxide emissions demonstrate a negative correlation. The study finds that the relationship between FDI and green growth is non-linear, highlighting the importance of considering both the magnitude and direction of FDI inflows. The findings support the Porter Hypothesis, suggesting that well-designed environmental policies can stimulate innovation and competitiveness. Based on these results, the study recommends prioritizing policies to attract FDI in green sectors, enhancing environmental regulations, improving regulatory quality, implementing carbon pricing systems, and developing green finance initiatives. These strategies aim to maximize the positive impacts of FDI on green growth while mitigating potential negative environmental effects, positioning Nigeria as a leader in sustainable economic development in Africa.
Black Carbon (PM2.5 Component) and Acute Myocardial Infarction Risk: A Time-stratified Case-crossover Study in Japan
Authors: Kojima Sunao , Michikawa Takehiro , Yoshino Ayako , Tsujita Kenichi , Ikeda Takanori , Nishiwaki Yuji , Takami Akinori
Published: December 2024

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is a heterogeneous mixture, but specific substances that affect cardiovascular events remain unknown. We aimed to examine the association of short-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The concentrations of total PM2.5 and its individual components were continuously measured using aerosol speciation analyzers. From a national-scale administrative database collected from 828 facilities in 47 prefectures across Japan from April 2017 to December 2019, we extracted AMI data for seven prefectures where these aerosol analyzers were installed. The primary outcome was the relationship of PM2.5 and its components with AMI hospitalization. A time-stratified case-crossover analysis was conducted, and the approximate risk of AMI by pollutant concentrations was estimated using a conditional logistic regression model. A total of 44,232 patients with AMI were examined. The estimated effects of an increase in the interquartile range of total PM2.5 on AMI-associated hospitalization were significant and comparable to those of optically measured black carbon concentrations. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased AMI incidence. Reduction in black carbon concentration may decrease the risk of future air quality-related AMI.
Aquatic Ecological Landscape Planning Based on Numerical Modelling
Authors: Chen Xianyuan
Published: December 2024

Urban waterbody landscape planning necessitates the dual objectives of water quality improvement and landscape optimization to create a favorable aquatic ecological landscape environment. Taking Canghai Lake in Guangxi as a case study, the MIKE 21 hydro-environment simulation software was employed to establish a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model for the lake area. This model was utilized to simulate the flow and water quality conditions within the lake, and to propose an overall strategy for enhancing hydrodynamics and improving water quality in the lake area. The study findings indicate that incorporating an artificial wetland at the lake inlet within the planning, by appropriately configuring emergent, floating, and submerged plants, can construct an efficient plant ecosystem. This approach is expected to reduce the phosphorus load entering the lake by over 45%, effectively improving the water quality in the lake area, and fundamentally eliminating the risk of large-scale algal bloom outbreaks in Canghai Lake. Additionally, it will create a wetland landscape, thereby achieving an organic unity of water quality enhancement and landscape optimization. An integrated planning method for lake ecological landscapes that combines water quality simulation, aquatic ecosystem restoration, and water landscape planning technologies is proposed, which can serve as a reference for the planning and design of urban waterbody landscapes.
How does China’s HSR development affect urban-rural income inequality? Based on the enterprise productivity perspective
Authors: Yu Guohua , Qi Yingying , Ren Yimeng
Published: December 2024

The rapid development of high-speed rail (HSR) is an important manifestation of transportation modernization in China. This paper investigates the impact of HSR on enterprise productivity and urban-rural income inequality by matching HSR, China’s A-share listed enterprises, and data in Chinese prefecture-level and above cities. In theory, HSR has gathered a large amount of human capital to improve enterprise productivity, continuously promoting labor transfer from rural areas to cities and from inefficient enterprises to high-efficiency enterprises, thereby suppressing urban-rural income inequality. HSR can significantly promote the effect on enterprise productivity and suppress the degree of urban-rural income inequality through enterprise productivity. Further analysis reveals that the impact of HSR on enterprise productivity and urban-rural income inequality is heterogeneous based on different types of enterprises and industries. Specifically, the effect of HSR on suppressing urban-rural income inequality is more significant in non-SOEs and non-technical intensive industries.
Declining Boswellia serrata population in Eastern India: The interplay of climate change and socioeconomic influences
Authors: Kumar Raj , Tiwari Sharad
Published: December 2024

Comprehending the impact of climate change on species' habitats is essential for their conservation and management strategies. Climate change causes plant species' habitats to contract, resulting in population losses, and habitat modeling is an effective instrument for examining this. Nevertheless, most studies have concentrated on climate scenarios depicted by the Representative Concentration Pathways. Moreover, these studies frequently need more ground validation and incorporate phytosociological assessments to enhance understanding plant dispersal dynamics. This work addresses these deficiencies by incorporating comprehensive field surveys, doing a phytosociological assessment of the area, and employing shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) as proxy pathways. We modeled the potentially suitable habitats for the endangered medicinal tree Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr in the Jharkhand state of subtropical eastern India. Employing Maxent, we forecasted the probable suitable habitat range of B. serrata for both current and future climate scenarios, specifically IPSL-CM6A-LR, MIROC6 and MPI-ESM1-2-HR as represented by SSP 126, 245, 370, and 585. The study indicated that roughly 16,348 km² (~ 20.51% of the study area) currently functions as a suitable habitat for B. serrata. The findings reveal a projected drop of 14.25 to 15.97% in the region's appropriate habitat range of B. serrata by 2060. The species may face local extinction in northeastern Jharkhand, as it is restricted to the northern region. The findings have substantial significance for research and conservation practices, offering fresh insights into the distribution ecology of B. serrata and pinpointing priority regions for conservation efforts.
RETRACTED: Prevalence and Determinants of Hypertension among pensioners in Three Districts of Kigali City, Rwanda, 2023: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ndikumwenayo Pierre , Ndagijimana Albert , Mukamurigo Judith
Published: December 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Predictive factors and one-year outcomes following successful contemporary chronic total occlusions percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Jin Li , Genrui Chen , Huan· Wang , Youhu Chen , Lei Xiaolin , Chengxiang Li , Haokao Gao
Published: December 2024

Background: We aimed to explore the predictive factors and one-year clinical outcomes following successful contemporary CTO-PCI.
Methods:Consecutive patients from January 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) which included all-cause death and myocardial infarction, while target vessel revascularization (TVR) was defined as the secondary endpoint, all of which were measured at 12 months.
Results:A total of 830 patients were treated by successful CTO PCI, and 96.7% of these cases were available with one-year follow-up data (n=803). The incidence of MACE was observed in 27 patients (3.4%), with all-cause death occurring in 21 cases (2.6%) and myocardial infarction in 6 cases (0.7%). TVR occurred in 35 patients (4.4%). The multivariate predictive factor analysis for MACE indicated that LVEF <40% (P=0.007) and residual SYNTAX score ≥ 12 (P<0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for MACE. While prior PCI (P=0.017) and aspirin usage at discharge (P<0.001) were protective factors. Parallelly, prior PCI (P=0.003), ambiguity proximal cap (P=0.006), and guide-wire manipulation time (GMT) (P=0.008) were independent risk factors for TVR, while LAD-CTO presence (P=0.045) and stent implantation (P=0.001) were protective factors.
Conclusion: Patients deserved favorable outcomes and a low incidence of adverse events after one year following successful contemporary CTO PCI.
Clinical validation of non-invasive blood glucose measurements by mid-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: maentele Werner , Kaluza Michael , Janik Sergius , Lubinski Thorsten , Saita Mattia , Lachmann Peter , Canini Luca , Lepro Valentino
Published: December 2024

Non-invasive glucose monitoring (NIGM) is considered the holy grail of diabetes technology. Currently, diabetes is predominantly managed based on finger pricking and analysis of a drop of blood with test strips fitting into a glucometer. This invasive, painful and uncomfortable procedure is one of the reasons for insufficient diabetes management. Sensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in interstitial fluid (ISF) using a subcutaneous microscopic filament present a minimally-invasive alternative. A true NIGM is not available yet despite intense research and development. DiaMonTech has demonstrated a NIGM technology that targets glucose in ISF. An infrared beam from a quantum cascade laser excites glucose molecules at wavelengths between 8 and 12 µm, where glucose has specific fingerprint absorbance. Absorption results in a small amount of heat in the skin, which can be detected on the surface using a photothermal deflection technique. This procedure is painless, harmless, and does not require consumables. We report here a single-center clinical test with 36 individuals. The accuracy of the NIGM device was evaluated in two subsequent sessions per individual, with different amounts of calibration data. Four different algorithms were tested for data analysis. The accuracy for the best algorithm, expressed as Mean Absolute Relative Difference was 20.7% and 19.6% for the two sessions. This is equivalent to the performance of early CGM systems cleared by the FDA for adjunctive use by people with diabetes. It demonstrates that glucose can be reliably measured with this non-invasive technology and opens new perspectives for a better management of diabetes.