bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Peran Relawan Demokrasi Basis Pemilih Disabilitas Dalam Menaikkan Tingkat Kepedulian Partisipasi Politik di Kota Medan Pada Pemilihan Umum 2019
Authors: Mas Indra Putra Alamsyah  , Arif Nasution
Published: November 2020

Indeks suksesnya Pemilihan umum adalah meningkatnya kepedulian masyarakat dalam memilih, semakin besar jumlah masyarakat yang menggunakan hak pilihnya maka dapat diindikasikan pelaksanaan Pemilu telah sukses secara prosedural dan pemerintahan yang terpilih nantinya diyakini akan mendapatkan legitimasi yang kuat dari rakyat. Melalui program Relawan Demokrasi (Relasi) yang lahir pada Tahun 2014, sikap dan pandangan negatif masyarakat terhadap politik khususnya Pemilu diharapkan akan bergeser ke arah yang positif karena Pemilu sebagai manifesto demokrasi sejatinya adalah suatu pergerakan sikap politik rakyat terhadap situasi negara dan hasilnya juga untuk rakyat. Metode deskriptif kualitatif adalah metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini,dengan menggunakan tiga indikator yakni peran, sosialisasi politik dan partisipasi politik. Data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap subjek penelitian dan kajian literasi serta pengarsipan. Dalam pemilihan subjek penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil pencarian tulisan  menemukan jika Relasi mempunyai kedudukan yang cukup signifikan dalam memberikan pemahaman dan pengetahuan demokrasi dan kepemiluan kepada basis pemilih disabilitas melalui kegiatan sosialisasi dan selalu berpegang pada kode etik. Peran Relasi dinilai sudah cukup baik dibuktikan dengan proses sosialisasi dapat tercapai dan relatif lancar. Disamping itu semakin meningkatnya kepercayaan pemilih disabilitas terhadap proses demokrasi dengan menyatakan akan siap hadir pada hari pemilihan.
Tata Kelola Logistik Pemilu 2019 dan Malpraktek Pemilu
Authors: Rika Mariska  , Heri Kusmanto
Published: November 2020

Tata kelola logistik pemilu 2019 mulai dari perencanaan dan pelaksanaan menimbulkan problematika di masyarakat. Dalam perencanaan pada masa prapemilihan terdapat perbedaan aturan mengenai kotak suara yang digunakan didalam negeri dan diluar negeri. Sedangkan dalam pelaksanaannya terdapat keterlambatan distribusi logistik, kekurangan dan tertukarnya surat suara, dan masalah logistik lainnya. Akibatnya dilaksanakan pemilihan ulang dan pemilu susulan yang terjadi dibeberapa daerah merupakan maladministrasi pemilu yang mengindikasikan adanya malpraktik pemilu. Tulisan ini menyajikan data-data yang diperoleh oleh Badan Pengawas Pemilu (BAWASLU) sebelum pelaksanaan pemungutan suara pada Pemilu Tahun 2019. Pada bagian pembahasan dipaparkan tentang peraturan KPU terkait logistik Pemilu Tahun 2019 dan Gambaran Umum Tata Kelola Logistik. Teori malpraktik pemilu dari beberapa ahli digunakan sebagai bahan pembanding dalam melakukan analisa data.
Detection and molecular characterization of phytoplasma affecting vegetables in Eastern Visayas, Philippines
Authors: Borines Lucia , Nuñez Joy Adeline , Duero Nickie , Sagarino - Borines Rezel , Gerona Reny
Published: November 2020

Phytoplasma-like diseases were observed affecting bitter gourd, Loofah, string bean, “Baguio” bean, cucumber, and tomato in Eastern Visayas, Philippines. The infected vegetables commonly show little leaf/witches’ broom symptoms. The study aimed to detect and confirm phytoplasmas presence in these vegetables through PCR and nest PCR assays using universal primers, electron microscopy, and 16srDNA sequence analysis. Loofah little leaf had the highest prevalence (50% of the surveyed farms), followed by bitter gourd (45%) and string beans (31%). The disease had an approximate mean incidence of 27% for bitter gourd, 38.0% for Loofah, and 42.5% for string bean, in farms where plants showed infections. Electron micrographs of bitter gourd and Loofah samples showed phytoplasma cells in the phloem sieve tubes. Nest PCR assays using R1 6F2n/R16R2 primer linked to phytoplasmal6srDNA amplified a ~1.25Kb band in the majority of DNA samples. rDNA sequence analysis using Blastn showed that phytoplasmas in bitter gourd, Loofah, and one cucumber samples shared 98-99% identity with Loofah’s reference gene phytoplasma clones. More than one phytoplasma strain infected the vegetables based on Rsai enzyme digestion and phylogenetic analysis.
Qualitative Traits and Genetic Characterization of Native Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Selected Areas of Eastern and Western Samar, Philippines
Authors: Godinez Cyrill John , Nishibori Masahide , Espina Dinah
Published: November 2020

The Philippines has a number ofchicken genetic groups, mostly of non-descript and indigenous type. In view of the need to expand the information on native chicken diversity, this study was conducted to identify distinct qualitative traits and estimate genetic diversity and relationship among native chicken populations in selected areas of Eastern and Western Samar, Philippines. A total of 100 native chickens were qualitatively analyzed using a non-parametrictest, and 43 generated mtDNA sequences were used in the genetic analysis. Results revealed significantly different distributions of plumage color among male native chickens and shank color in female native chickens (p<0.05). The occurrence of plumage pattern, earlobecolor and shank colorfor male native chickens and plumage color, plumage pattern, and earlobe color for female native chickens across Samar Island is not different (p>0.05). The genetic relationship showed 41.2% native chicken populations clustered to a group shared by Red junglefowl and native chicken, 29.4% clustered to a group closer to White Leghorn, and White Plymouth Rock chicken breeds, 17.6% clustered to a group shared by G, g. spadiceus and a commercial line, and 11.7% clustered to a group closer to Rhode Island Red and a commercial egg layer line. Samar native chickens had red (wild-type, e+) laced (lg) and brown (eg) pencilled (Pg) plumage in rooster and hen, respectively. The phenotypic and genetic information concluded that there is considerable diversity of native chickens in Samar, Philippines. There is a tremendous opportunity to work with larger sample size in the areas where a number of indigenous chickens have notyetbeen characterized.
Critical fermentation factors that influence the production of multiple bacteriocins of Enterococcus faecium NKR-5-3
Authors: Perez Rodney , Himeno Kohei , Zendo Takeshi , Sonomoto Kenji
Published: November 2020

Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are industrially important compounds that have been utilized as a safe food preservative replacing the potentially harmful synthetic chemical preservatives, Enterococcus faecium NKR- 5-3 is a novel LAB strain that produces five different bacteriocins‘ The critical fermentation factors, such as specific medium components and optimum incubation temperature that support the maximum production of multiple bacteriocins of strain NKR-5-3, were identified. Sucrose and yeast extract were found to be the preferred carbon and nitrogen sources for bacteriocin production of this strain, respectively. The highest bacteriocin production was observed when strain NKR-5-3 was incubated at 25°C. At incubation temperatures beyond 30°C, bacteriocin production was significantly reduced and completely ceased when further raised to 40°C, These findings possess remarkable practical implications as they can be vital in the future design of a cost-effective production system for these bacteriocins. Such a system would address the issue of the high production cost, which has remained the major barrier to the development of the large-scale industrial utilization of these important compounds.
Sensory quality of custard tart as affected by varying levels of Mabolo (Dispyros blancoi A. DC) Flesh
Authors: Baclayon Loraine , Cerna Julious , Cimafranca Lynette
Published: November 2020

Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi A. DC) is an underutilized fruit in the Philippines. To add value and maximize the utilization of this nutritional fruit, the potential of mabolo for the production of highly saleable baked products, such as tarts, was explored. Specifically, the study aimed to formulate a custard tan filling with mabolo flesh as a flavorant using a single factor experiment arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Six levels of mabolo flesh (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, & 75% w/w) were used. The sensory attributes for color, taste, aroma, texture, flavor, and general acceptability, were evaluated. The optimum formulation of the tart filling was determined using Regression analysis.

Results showed that mabolo custard tart filling had yellowish-brown to brown color, moderately sweet to sweet taste, and soft to slightly fibrous texture. The mabolo fruit aroma and flavor in the tarts ranged from having none to perceptible. The Analysis of Variance revealed that different levels of mabolo flesh cause a significant effect on the color (p<0.01). The optimum formulation and the recommended level of mabolo flesh in custard tart filling production was 80.54% w/w.
KONAKLAMA VERGİSİ HAKKINDA KISA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: AKÇAOĞLU Ertuğrul
Published: November 2020

TBMM 2019 senesi içinde turizm sektörünü ilgilendiren bir yeni vergi ile bir yeni fon ihdas etti. Bu yazıda Aralık 2019’da hukukumuza giren “konaklama vergisi” ve bu vergiyle ilişkili olduğu ölçüde, Temmuz 2019’dan beri var olan “turizm payı” ele alınmakta; konaklama vergisi temel unsurları bakımından kısaca incelenmekte ve değerlendirilmektedir. Konaklama vergisinin yurt dışındaki benzerleri ile mukayesesi yapılmakta, özellikleri ortaya konulmakta ve turizm sektörü üzerindeki olası etkilerine değinilmektedir.
Peculiarities of planning implementation at the enterprises
Authors: Kostetska N.
Published: November 2020

Peculiarities of planning implementation at the enterprises are investigated in this paper. It is determined that the effectiveness of planning for the company largely depends on practical implementation of approved plans. Sometimes good long-term plans do not ensure the company success only because certain mistakes are made during their implementation. The successful plans transformation into practical activities can require the creation of the plan implementation project. This document can include short-term and long-term goals, tasks list, also it defines functions and responsibilities, outlines the budget and required resources as well as assumed liabilities. It is noted that during the planning implementation into practical enterprise activity it is necessary to take into account goals, deadlines and schedule times, resources allocation, assignment of performers responsibilities, performance monitoring and success measurement, plans correction and adaptation, results evaluation. It is emphasized that the planning implementation at the enterprise is a long process including a number of stages. In order to implement the plans into practical enterprise activity successfully a special document can be worked out. This document contains the following parts: introduction, management overview, major tasks, implementation schedule, security and privacy, list of resources and implementation support, documentation, performance monitoring and control, criteria for the determination of plans implementation, glossary, sources of information for planning implementation needs, approval of a certain planning implementation sequence. It is stated that for planning implementation at the enterprise, it is necessary to assign the liabilities to the responsible executors or to create a special body designed for the organized implementation of planned tasks. It is defined that failures are probable during the good plans implementation and goals achievement. It is summarized that profound preparation for planning implementation contributes to the optimal use of resources, effective plans implementation and achievement of the enterprise success.
Comprehensive approach in public pension system management as one of the directions of European integration development of Ukraine
Authors: Zelenko N. , Zelenko V.
Published: November 2020

The main problems of the improvement of the efficiency of public pension system management in Ukraine are analyzed by the authors in this paper. The necessity of application of the comprehensive approach to these processes is substantiated due to the results of scientific investigations. The authors analyze the impact of wage shadowing on the budget of the Pension Fund of Ukraine. Conditional wages calculation is carried out. According to this calculation the state actually has revenues about a third of the amount of funds paid to the employee in the form of wages taking into account all deductions, taxes and charges However, the investigation also shows that for VAT companies there is indirect tax burden on sole proprietorships, which in some cases increases the «tax» almost by half. Special attention is paid to the problem of labor migration from Ukraine to EU. The investigation indicates that Ukraine is introducing changes to reform the social insurance system, using the long-term experience of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as the Baltic States. In addition, such reforms have previously been carried out in Chile, Kazakhstan and other countries. The need to introduce the state accumulative pension component in Ukraine, to which contributions should be paid in the form of payroll deductions is also pointed out, as the EU experience shows that this fact stimulates workers and makes them more responsible for their pension savings. Within the framework of comprehensive approach, it is proposed to apply the marketing approach to the pension system management. The importance of the implementation of the Association Agreement with the European Union in terms of cooperation in the field of employment, social policy and equal opportunities, as well as the impact on the functioning of pension system for certain terms of national legislation is indicated. On the basis of analysis carried out in theoretical and practical terms, the need to develop not only three-level pension system, but also to take into account the recommendations of the World Bank concerning five-level system formation is substantiated. The government should achieve the new quality in public administration, both by the processes of pension reform and in relation to the socio-economic development of the country in general actively adapting the EU experience in the application of comprehensive approach tools.
The Caribbean Diaspora and the Formation of Identity in Second Generation Immigrants
Authors: Valcius Leonika
Published: November 2020

Leonicka Valcius is an undergraduate student at the University of Toronto, studying Caribbean Studies and European Studies. Her areas of focus include migration and the social ramifications of economic development. Leonicka was born in Montreal and raised in South Florida. Her family immigrated to Canada from Haiti in the 1970’s, and they have since spread all over North America and the Caribbean. Leonicka has familial ties to Montreal, Toronto, New Jersey, New York, Boston, Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and, of course, Haiti chérie.
On the 32C(ulture) of Eglington
Authors: Persaud Savitri
Published: November 2020

Savitri Persaud is currently a master’s student at the Women and Gender Studies Institute at the University of Toronto. Her research analyzes the intersections between gender, violence, disability, and modernity in Guyana.
"Yuh Mad Man!" Lying Letters: Speculations on the Catalysts of Male Madness in Caribbean Literature
Authors: Anderson Jan
Published: November 2020

Jan Anderson is invested in tracing the Trajectory Home (a working title for a collection of essays) among the African Diaspora, particularly those of Caribbean descent. The experiences and contestations over issues of belonging, citizenship, and nation building are also at the heart of Jan’s work. Jan’s submission has led to a focus on the recurrence of disenfranchisement as a legacy of “diaspora” and the resulting fissures in male/female relationships.
Cocount Drive
Authors: Bridgelal Pooran
Published: November 2020

Pooran Bridgelalwas born and raised in Trinidad and now lives here in Toronto with his wife Judy and their son Levi. He’s currently finishing his degree at the University of Toronto.
The Maroon Communitarion Dilemma: Navigating the Intersices between Resistance and Collaboration
Authors: Connell Robert
Published: November 2020

Robert Connell earned his Bachelor of Environmental Studies degree with honors and a minor in Political Science from York University in 2009. He is currently a PhD student at the University of California, Berkeley in African Diaspora Studies. His research focuses on conflicts over resource extraction and sovereignty rights between Maroons and the Jamaican state in the 21st century. His corollary research interests include indigeneity and indigenous struggle, development studies, ethnic multiplicity in the African Diaspora, global environmental politics and ecological economics.
Rastafarianism & Michael Manley
Authors: Doyle Connor
Published: November 2020

Essay
Stay: Migration and the Caribbean
Authors: Chance Liane
Published: November 2020

essay
“Tears of My Heart”
Authors: Chatarpal Mark
Published: November 2020

poetry
“Immigrant Skies”
Authors: Williams-King Amber
Published: November 2020

“Immigrant Skies” by Amber Williams-King
Extraction, Exploitation and Degradation: A Brief Environmental History of Western Investment in Jamaica
Authors: McCarthy Thomas
Published: November 2020

Extraction, Exploitation and Degradation: A Brief Environmental History of Western Investment in Jamaica by Thomas McCarthy
A Home in Disorder is not a Home: Examining Race in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Abdel-Shehid Malek
Published: November 2020

Among its neighbours, the island nation of Trinidad and Tobago stands out due to its ethnic makeup. The population of most Caribbean nations is mainly of African descent; similar to Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago is evenly divided between Afro-Trinidadians and Indo-Trinidadians. Unlike many of the other Caribbean colonies, Trinidad and Tobago were not extensive plantation economies until much later in the colonial period (Paton 291). This is one of the main reasons why the country presently hosts a proportionately lower Afro-Trinidadian population in comparison to other Caribbean countries. While other ethno-cultural groups reside in the country, the aforementioned groups have dominated the landscape in numbers since at least the early 20th century (United Nations Statistics Division). Afro-Trinidadians are generally descendants of enslaved Africans brought to the Caribbean to serve as plantation labourers; Indo-Trinidadians are generally the descendants of South Asian indentured labourers brought to Trinidad to fulfill the same role following the abolition of slavery in the British West Indies. Trinidad and Tobago's long history of colonial subjugation has bred a modern social hierarchy highly tied to race. Racial categories centered around physical characteristics and created during the colonial period have been instrumental in the development of this social hierarchy. Its institutionalization within the country’s modern national political system has resulted in persisting legacies evident throughout modern Trinidadian society. I focus on the island of Trinidad (while still making occasional reference to Tobago) and argue that Trinidadian national unity has been hampered by the foundations laid by the plantation system and consolidated by the modern political system.
From Trinidad and Tobago to the World: Determining the role of Calypso in a new Era
Authors: Abdel-Shehid Malek
Published: November 2020

Calypso is a popular Caribbean musical genre that originated in the island nation of Trinidad and Tobago. The genre was developed primarily by enslaved West Africans brought to the region via the transatlantic slave trade during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Although West-African Kaiso music was a major influence, the genre has also been shaped by other African genres, and by Indian, British, French, and Spanish musical cultures. Emerging in the early twentieth century, Calypso became a tool of resistance by Afro-Caribbean working-class Trinbagonians. Calypso flourished in Trinidad due to a combination of factors—namely, the migration of Afro-Caribbean people from across the region in search of upward social mobility. These people sought to expose the injustices perpetrated by a foreign European and a domestic elite against labourers in industries such as petroleum extraction. The genre is heavily anti-colonial, anti-imperial, and anti-elitist, and it advocated for regional integration. Although this did not occur immediately, Calypsonians sought to establish unity across the region regardless of race, nationality, and class through their songwriting and performing. Today, Calypso remains a unifying force and an important part of Caribbean culture. Considering Calypso's history and purpose, as well as its ever-changing creators and audiences, this essay will demonstrate that the goal of regional integration is not possible without cultural sovereignty.
Dependency, White Privilege, and Transnational Hegemonic Reconfiguration: Investigating Systems of Power and Identity Privilege in The Bahamas
Authors: Allens David
Published: November 2020

White cultural hegemony has been used as a determinant of identity privilege in The Bahamas since the beginning of British colonialism. This ideal justifies and confers the dominance of whiteness while also including a moral responsibility to enforce the racial hierarchy as a part of a "global cognitive dysfunction" (Mills 18) that sees non-white actors as intrinsically lesser; an understanding Charles Mills argues is needed to uphold a racialized social contract. This “grammar of racial difference” inculcates the need for whiteness to act as savior through the subjugation and cultural integration of the “other” (Mahmud). However, beyond its role as a dysfunction, this conception of a moral obligation—or colloquially, a ‘white savior complex’—guides understandings of why colonial leaders forged hegemonic relationships with the U.S. despite the country’s apparent intent to achieve independence. These relationships were a strategic part of a colonial-savior complex and adherence to a global system that values 'whiteness.' 

This paper suggests that despite independence, The Bahamas remains subjected to the dependency role under a system of white privilege, resulting from colonial agreements made with the United States, and multi-national agencies, and regulatory bodies that enforce a hegemonic reconstruction of influence. Ergo, the cultural hegemony of the United States as an industrialized giant merely filled the void that the British rule left behind.
Who is Claudia Jones?
Authors: McCausland Julie Ann
Published: November 2020

Claudia Vera Jones née Cumberbatch, was a Trinidad and Tobago-born journalist and activist who, at eight years old, migrated to the United States from Port of Spain, Trinidad, in the British West Indies (Boyce Davies 159). Jones’ mother and father had arrived in the United States two years earlier, in 1922, when their economic circumstances had worsened as a result of the drop in the cocoa trade, which had impoverished the West Indies and the entire Caribbean (Boyce Davies 159). Like many Black people who migrated from the West Indies, Jones’ parents hoped to find fortunes in the United States, where ‘‘gold was to be found on the streets’’ and the dreams of rearing one’s children in a ‘‘free America’’ were said to be realized (Boyce Davies 159). However, the lie of the American dream was soon revealed, as Jones, her three sisters and her parents suffered exploitation and indignity at the hands of the white families and from the legacy of Jim Crow national policy (Boyce Davies 159).
Current and future cancer staging after neoadjuvant treatment for solid tumors
Authors: Byrd David R. , Brierley James D. , Baker Thomas P. , Sullivan Daniel C. , Gress Donna M.
Published: November 2020

Until recently, cancer registries have only collected cancer clinical stage at diagnosis, before any therapy, and pathological stage after surgical resection, provided no treatment has been given before the surgery, but they have not collected stage data after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). Because NAT is increasingly being used to treat a variety of tumors, it has become important to make the distinction between both the clinical and the pathological assessment without NAT and the assessment after NAT to avoid any misunderstanding of the significance of the clinical and pathological findings. It also is important that cancer registries collect data after NAT to assess response and effectiveness of this treatment approach on a population basis. The prefix y is used to denote stage after NAT. Currently, cancer registries of the American College of Surgeons' Commission on Cancer only partially collect y stage data, and data on the clinical response to NAT (yc or posttherapy clinical information) are not collected or recorded in a standardized fashion. In addition to NAT, nonoperative management after radiation and chemotherapy is being used with increasing frequency in rectal cancer and may be expanded to other treatment sites. Using examples from breast, rectal, and esophageal cancers, the pathological and imaging changes seen after NAT are reviewed to demonstrate appropriate staging.
An Algorithmic Procedure for Finding Nash Equilibrium
Authors: Das HK , Saha T
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes a heuristic algorithm for the computation of Nash equilibrium of a bi-matrix game, which extends the idea of a single payoff matrix of two-person zero-sum game problems. As for auxiliary but making the comparison, we also introduce here the well-known definition of Nash equilibrium and a mathematical construction via a set-valued map for finding the Nash equilibrium and illustrates them. An important feature of our algorithm is that it finds a perfect equilibrium when at the start of all actions are played. Furthermore, we can find all Nash equilibria of repeated use of this algorithm. It is found from our illustrative examples and extensive experiment on the current phenomenon that some games have a single Nash equilibrium, some possess no Nash equilibrium, and others had many Nash equilibria. These suggest that our proposed algorithm is capable of solving all types of problems. Finally, we explore the economic behaviour of game theory and its social implications to draw a conclusion stating the privilege of our algorithm.

GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 40 (2020) 71-85
Analysis of Water Quality of the Meghna River Using Multivariate Analyses and Rpi
Authors: Bhuyan Md Simul , Bakar Muhammad Abu , Akhtar Aysha , Hossain M Belal , Islam Md Shafiqul
Published: November 2020

The present study was carried out to measure the physico-chemical variables of surface water of the Meghna River from September 2015 to March 2016. Air temperature, water temperature, soil pH, water pH, DO, BOD5, COD, TSS, TDS, PO4-P, NO3-N and EC concentrations in water samples were found to range from 14-29°C, 11-28°C, 5.9-6.9, 7.2-7.5, 4.2-6.71 mg/L, 0.67-3.71 mg/L, 2.5-5.9 mg/L, 8-20 mg/L, 72-130 mg/L, 0.11- 0.90 μg/l, 0.115-0.90 μg/l and 115.8-220 μScm-1 respectively. River Pollution Index (RPI) indicated that the water of river at impacted site was less to moderately polluted. Unimpacted site was also less polluted as per RPI and mostly used for agriculture. Correlation Matrix (CM) and Multivariate statistical analyses namely Cluster Analysis (CA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factors Analysis (FA) indicated that river water was polluted. The principal causes of the pollution of the river were haphazard industrialization, domestic sewage and agricultural inputs. Using of river water can pose serious problems to human health by biological food chain. This research suggests to proper management of the river with eco-friendly industrialization and urbanization for sustainable development of the country.

Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(1): 23-35, June 2017
Biomathematical analysis for the carbon nanotubes effects in the stagnation point flow towards a nonlinear stretching sheet with homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction
Authors: Reddy S. R. Reddisekhar , Bala Anki Reddy P.
Published: November 2020

The main objective of this paper is to study the homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions in magnetohydrodynamic flow due to a nonlinear stretching sheet. Analysis for single wall carbon nanotubes with water and pure blood are taken as the base fluids. The governing non-linear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary which are solved numerically by utilizing the fourth order Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. Graphical results have been presented for velocity profile, temperature, concentration, local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number profiles for various physical parameters of interest. Comparisons with previously published data are performed and the results are found to be excellent agreement.
Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section in preeclampsia
Authors: Bashar Md Abul , Akter Nargis , Ali Mohammad , Jahan Kazi lsrat , Mazumder Mohammad Zahldur Rahman , Morshed G M
Published: November 2020

Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing nations and it complicates about 6-8% of pregnancies. Severe preeclampsia poses a dilemma for the anesthesiologist especially in emergency situations where caesarean deliveries are planned for uninvestigated or partially investigated parturients. The choice of anesthesia in preeclamptic mothers undergoing Cesarean delivery has been debated for years. General as well as regional anesthetic techniques are equally acceptable for cesarean delivery in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Currently, the safety of regional anesthesia technique is well established and they can provide better obstetrical outcome.

Objective: To study the outcome and elaborate the hemodynamic changes associated with spinal anesthesia in preeclampsia.

Methods: The study was carried out in com ii la medical college hospital and private clinics in comilla among preeclamptic women who underwent Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) under spinal anesthesia between January 2013 and July 2017. Both emergency as well as elective cases were included in the study. Patients' records were studied and analyzed. The drug used for spinal anesthesia was hyperbaric Bupivacaine 0.5%. Subarachnoid block was performed in either L3-L4 or L2-L3 intervertebral segment with patient sitting up. Spinal needle 25G was used. The hemodynamic response (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate) and Sp02 were observed.

Results: Total of 310 cases was included in our study. Age ranged from 17 to 37 years. The duration of surgery ranged from 25mins to 100mins. According to observation, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure dropped to minimum within the initial 10 minutes of spinal anesthesia. Heart rate fluctuation was minimal with an initial small drop within 10 minutes of spinal anesthesia. Similarly, Sp02 also showed a subtle decline within 20 minutes of spinal anesthesia.

Conclusion: Our study finds spinal anesthesia as a preferred method taking into account the relatively stable and better hemodynamic stability, convenience in procedure and rapid and predictable anesthesia and no risks of sudden critical hypotension.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2018) Vol. 22 (1): 30-35
Management of duodenal stump fistula following gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Zico Nahid Rahman , Kabir Faisol
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Duodenal stump fistula (DSF) after gastrectomy has a low incidence but a high morbidity and mortality, and is therefore one of the most aggressive and feared complications of this procedure. This study was designed to assess the most effective treatment of duodenal stump fistula (DSF) after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Methods: A systematic analysis of PubMed, MEDLINE, Current Contents, UpToDate databases, and the Cochrane Library Databases were carried out. A total of 80 manuscripts were retrieved and screened and nine studies published between 2009 and 2016 were selected. 241 cases of DSF were included in the study according to inclusion criteria. Only patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer were included in our review. Data about patient's characteristics, types of treatment, short and long-term outcomes were extracted and analyzed.

Results: Three different approaches were applied: conservative (75 cases), surgical (138 cases) and percutaneous (59 cases). The overall mortality rate was 19% and significant complications were identified in 21% cases. Significant complications included sepsis, abscesses, peritonitis, bleeding, pneumonia and multiple organ failure. The conservative approach was reported in 5 studies including 75 patients who were clinically stable and complete resolution occurred in 92.3% of patients with a mean healing time of 35 days. Surgery was carried out if the patient was haemodynamically unstable or showed signs of sepsis. Overall outcome after surgery was poor with 31.1% mortality derived from six studies and in-hospital stay ranged from 1 to 1035 days (median 19). Percutaneous approach was often associated with conservative treatment and consisted of abscess drainage, biliary drainage or biliary diversion. The median healing time in this group was 42 days.

Conclusion: Conservative approach is the first line of treatment in DSF, sometimes associated with percutaneous approach. Surgery should be reserved for severe cases or when conservative measures fail.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2018) Vol. 22 (1) : 62-66
Outcome of Non-operative Management of Perforated Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Shashi Sanjana Sharmin , Hossain AZM Shakhwat , Bar Debashish , Rahman Ayesha , Reza AFM Muntahi , Rashid Muhammad Harun Ar
Published: November 2020

Background: Peptic ulcer perforation management is still an enigma. Though the overall incidence has been reduced worldwide due to wide use of anti-ulcerants, still it is not uncommon. But there is a debate regarding its conservative management over surgical management.

Objective: To determine whether surgery could be avoided in selected patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease

Methods: This study was conducted in the department of Surgery of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital during the period from 1st March 2016 to 31st August 2016. After approval from the institutional ethics committee, 30 patients of suspected perforated peptic ulcer disease were successively assigned in this study on clinical and radiological basis. All were given non-operative regimen up to 24 hours. Then they were closely monitored to see improvement of clinical condition or development of any complication. Non-operative treatment was abandoned if the patient failed to improve or deteriorated within 24 hours of non-operative treatment. The data were collected by active participation of patients’ interview in preformed data collection sheet. Results: The data analysis of 30 patients yielded that most of them (86.67%) recovered well after receiving non-operative management, whereas only 4 patients (13.33%) showed no progression and were treated by laparotomy. 73.08% patients with uneventful outcome left the hospital within 10 days of admission and the others were a little late to leave.

Conclusion: Patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease can be effectively treated by conservative approach in properly selected cases by proper monitoring under strict supervision of an experienced consultant.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2018) Vol. 22 (2) : 95-98
Bile Duct Injury- A Health and Financial Disaster
Authors: Saha Tapan Kumar , Talukder Tuhin , Hoque Md Rajibul
Published: November 2020

Bile Duct Injury (BDI) is an unfortunate complication of cholecystectomy, if not treated properly may result in the death of the patient due to biliary peritonitis and sepsis or may convert an otherwise healthy young person with a biliary cripple with benign biliary stricture (BBS), cholangitis, secondary biliary cirrhosis, portal hypertension & liver failure. A BDI, even after repair, adversely affects the quality of life and can be a financial disaster for the patient and a legal one for the surgeon. As BDI is associated with health & financial disaster, more attention needs to be paid both to prevent and to recognize early such injury. After recognition the patient should be referred to a surgeon experienced in the management of such injuries to avoid further complications.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23 (1) : 33-36
Wire Guided Wide Local Excision of Clinically Undetectable Breast Cancer - Initial Experience in Bangladesh
Authors: Mubin Samia , Hussain Jahangir , Pervez Syed Jamal , Bhowmik Biswajit , Ahmed Saif Uddin
Published: November 2020

Background: With the rise of awareness of breast cancer and better screening mammography, there are increasing number of breast cancers detected before becoming clinically evident. These cancers are mostly treated by wide local excision under guidance of a wire which is put with mammogram and/or USG. In Bangladesh this procedure has never been done. We started it in Surgical Oncology Division in BSMMU with the collaboration of Department of Radiology.

Methods: We have performed the procedure on 7 patients within 19 months. All of them had USG and mammography detected small lesions. The average size being 7.24mm. From needle biopsy 3 cases showed suspicious cytology, 4 had IDCC, and 1 had DCIS. Wire was put in all cases under USG guidance. Wire Guided Wide Local Excision was performed in all cases. $ patients underwent SLNB.

Results: The age range was between 26 to 55 years with the average age of 43.86 years. 4 of them being post-menopausal. One case came benign. Other were malignant with clear margins. One case had close margin, which was later re-excised. All cases were sent for adjuvant therapy. Histopathology showed 4 patients of invasive ductal carcinoma, 1 patient each of invasive lobular carcinoma, DCIS and 1 being benign.

Conclusion: This well-established procedure can be performed in Bangladesh to meet the goal of ensuring adequate treatment and cosmesis of the patients with impalpable cancer, amidst constrained facilities.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23(2): 81-86
Comparison between Scissors and Electrocautery in Seroma Formation Following Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM)
Authors: Zim Hasnat Zaman , Hossain SM Amjad , Alam Abul Bashar Mohammad Khurshid , Uddin Samia Shihab
Published: November 2020

Background and Objective: Seroma is encountered as the commonest complication after mastectomy. Though various factors are suspected in causation of seroma, in this prospective study we tried to evaluate role of two different surgical technique of MRM in causation of seroma formation.

Materials and Methods: In this observational comparative study, a total 90 patient of early breast carcinoma who had undergone Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) in 3 tertiary care hospitals of Dhaka were divided into 2 groups. In Group A, we used electrocautery for raising the skin flap and axillary dissection while in Group B we used curved Metzenbaum scissors to raise the skin flap along with aid of suture ligation for axillary dissection. Incidence of seroma formation was compared in both the groups.

Results: Incidence of seroma was significantly higher with use of electrocautery. Results in both the groups were compared by Chi-square method, and statistically significant difference in incidence of seroma formation was found between two groups.

Conclusion: Breast surgery, as MRM does not support injudicious use of electrocautery.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23(2): 87-89
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Testis
Authors: Rahman Ayesha , Alam SM Syeed Ul , Sultana Salma
Published: November 2020

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), arising from mesenchymal cells, is the most common soft tissue tumour in children and accounts for up to half of all sarcomas. We present a case of a 15 year old male presented with gradually increasing right sided scrotal swelling for last one year. The patient was later diagnosed as right testicular malignancy with metastasis in abdominal lymph nodes and lungs. Inguinal orchidectomy was performed and final histopathological diagnosis was embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of right testis.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23(2): 98-99
Manejo periodontal y protésico en sonrisa gingival
Authors: Machaca Uchasara Richard Williams
Published: November 2020

Los tratamientos de la sonrisa gingival tienen como finalidad reducir la exposición de las encías al sonreír. La causa se debe a uno o varios factores; por tanto, un adecuado diagnóstico es primordial para conseguir el mejor resultado. En este artículo, se reporta un caso clínico que tiene como objetivo presentar el manejo estético periodontal y protésico de un caso de sonrisa gingival con presencia de diastemas y alteraciones en forma. Las herramientas utilizadas para la predictibilidad de la sonrisa fueron un diseño digital y mock up. Los resultados obtenidos fueron estéticos, funcionales y satisfactorios para el paciente.
Actualidad de los cementos reparadores endodónticos: MTA y biodentine
Authors: Peñaloza De La Torre Ulises Massino , Calizaya Laquise Naysha
Published: November 2020

Este artículo de revisión bibliográfica tuvo por objetivo presentar el material con mejores propiedades clínicas para realizar recubrimiento pulpar directo. En la actualidad, es de mucho interés e importancia mantener la vitalidad pulpar de los dientes; consecuentemente, se necesitan materiales odontológicos adecuados que posean propiedades que estimulen o que por lo menos no interfieran en la formación del puente dentinario en las lesiones pulpares. Por un lado, El MTA es un material que ha ido mejorando sus propiedades físico – mecánicas. Por otro lado, el biodentine es un material relativamente nuevo usado como material de recubrimiento pulpar que posee propiedades similares al MTA, pero que tiene la ventaja de poseer un tiempo de fraguado más corto y mejor resistencia mecánica.
What is the relationship between speech perception and production in bilinguals?
Authors: Rees Madeleine
Published: November 2020

Sensorimotor and motor theories differ as to whether speech sounds are perceived as sounds or gestures, while bilinguals can show high individual variability in production and perception accuracy in their L2. The results from paired vowel production and categorical perception tasks in 17 Spanish-dominant bilinguals and 9 English monolingual controls show that vowel perception and production measures were significantly correlated when both groups spoke English, but not when bilinguals spoke Spanish. It is argued that this result better supports a sensorimotor framework, where motor information aids auditory processing in a less-differentiated/more vowel-dense language, and where bilinguals in their L1 rely more on auditory processing in this task.
The link between the ocean and climate change
Authors: Locke Sophie , Brook Clare
Published: November 2020

The ocean and the climate are inextricably linked, and although the ocean is a victim of climate change, it can also provide a huge part of the solution. BLUE is restoring ocean health to promote a stable climate by curbing the destruction of ocean biodiversity and protecting critical marine habitats. During this session, watch how BLUE is working to protect the High Seas and to secure a ‘Paris Agreement for the Oceans’. Learn about how BLUE is supporting the recovery of kelp off the Sussex coast, where Sir David Attenborough explains why these underwater forests are vital not just for sea life but for climate change. Finally, tune in for a family friendly introduction to blue carbon ecosystems that can absorb more carbon per unit area than terrestrial forests.
Tracing the motivational dynamics of L3 learners: a multiple case study of four high- and low-proficiency undergraduates in the UK
Authors: Gao Lixinhao
Published: November 2020

Underpinned by complex dynamic systems theory, this qualitative multiple case study traced the motivational dynamics of four high-proficiency and low-proficiency Spanish major undergraduates to conceptualise third language (L3) motivation as a dynamic, idiosyncratic and context-sensitive construct. By dint of cutting-edge retrodictive qualitative modelling which first examines the outcome-states and then traces the developmental trajectories leading to these prototypes, data were collected from the participants’ narrative accounts elicited from retrospective interviews about their past two-year L3 learning history and real-time journals compiled over the eight-week study. Findings demonstrated that the participants’ motivation fluctuated dynamically throughout the learning process. Moreover, four underlying dynamic patterns of the participants' motivation were identified to reveal the intricacies of motivation. The study also unearths effective ways to boost the motivation of L3 learners, by uncovering a multi-dimensional factor model. Hence, it presents pivotal implications for L3 and languages other than English educational practitioners and researchers.
Betonarme Binaların Burulma Düzensizliği Dikkate Alınarak Doğrusal Olmayan Davranışlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: BALTA Hümeyra , ÇAĞLAR Naci
Published: November 2020

Dünya oluşumundan bu yana sismik yönden aktif olan bölgelerde meydana gelen depremler oldukça fazla can ve mal kaybına sebep olmuştur. Ülkemiz etkin bir deprem kuşağı olan Alp-Himalaya deprem kuşağı üzerindedir ve kısa zaman aralıkları ile depremi en zorlu halleriyle yaşamıştır. Geçmişten günümüze yaşanan depremler yapıların tasarımının ve inşasının oldukça önem arz ettiğini açıkça ifade etmiştir. Bu çalışmada 1998 yılı öncesini kapsayan mevcut bina stokunu temsilen, perdeli-çerçeveli taşıyıcı sistem tipinde 5 katlı iki farklı bina tasarlanmıştır. Burulma düzensizliği dikkate alınarak, betonarme perde duvarların konum farklılıklarının, binalarda oluşturduğu etkiler incelenmiştir. TBDY2018 yönetmeliği dikkate alınarak binaların modellenmesinde SAP2000 sonlu elemanlar programı kullanılmıştır. Zaman tanım alanında doğrusal olmayan hesap yöntemi ile betonarme binaların dinamik analizi yapılmıştır. İki farklı bina modeli için taşıyıcı sistem elemanlarının doğrusal olmayan davranışları incelenmiş, analiz sonuçları ayrı ayrı değerlendirilerek binaların hasar durumları karşılaştırılmıştır.
Modüler Çelik Köprü Çözümü Sayesinde Katrina Kasırgasının Yıktığı Çok Şeritli Bir Bağlantı Köprüsünün 130 Günde Yeniden Kullanıma Açılması
Authors: Aydın Banu , Duru Nezih
Published: November 2020

Bu bildiride, 29 Ağustos 2005’te Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde, Louisiana Eyaleti'nin New Orleans şehri yakınlarından karaya çıkan Katrina Kasırgasının, Pontchartrain Gölü üzerinde yer alan, eyaletler arası otoyol köprüsü Interstate 10'da yarattığı büyük hasar ve akabinde kısa bir sürede köprünün ne şekilde kullanıma açılabildiği anlatılmaktadır. Kıyıya geldiğinde kategori 4 olarak değerlendirilen kasırga, saatte 225 kilometreyi aşan bir hıza sahipti. Kasırga I-10 köprüsünü vurduğunda, beton açıklıklar beton ayaklarından söküldü. Kasırga sebebiyle, ayakların bir kısmı güneye doğru yerinden oynarken, diğerleri gölün içine doğru yıkıldı. Louisiana Eyaleti, bu kritik otoyolun yeniden açılmasını bir öncelik haline getirdi, çünkü gerçekleşmesi gereken büyük toparlanma ve yeniden inşa sürecini desteklemek için acilen bağlantıya ihtiyaç vardı. Bu bildiride, acil durumlarda çok sıklıkla kullanılan modüler köprü çözümü sayesinde, 5 Ocak 2006'da (felaketi takiben 130 gün içinde) yeniden trafiğe açılan köprü sayesinde bölgede yaşanan büyük afetin nasıl yönetilebildiği aktarılmaktadır. 1.3 km uzunluğundaki çok şeritli modüler köprü, 2009 yılı sonuna kadar problemsiz şekilde kullanılmış olup, (toplam uzunluğu 8.7 km olan) yeni köprünün devreye alınması ile demonte edilerek, acil durumlarda kullanılmak üzere bekletilmektedir.