bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Earth and World(s): From Heidegger’s Fourfold to Contemporary Anthropology
Authors: Gevorkyan Sofya , Segovia Carlos A.
Published: March 2021

This article aims at contributing to the contemporary reception of Heidegger’s thought in eco-philosophical perspective. Its point of departure is Heidegger’s claim, in his Bremen lectures andThe Question Concerning Technology, that today the earth is submitted to permanent requisition and planned ordering, and that, having thus lost sight of its auto-poiesis, we are no longer capable of listening, tuning in, and singing back to what he calls in his course on Heraclitus the “song of the earth.” Accordingly, first we examine how the inherently reciprocal dynamics of “earth” and “world,” as thematised by Heidegger inThe Origin of the Work of Art, have become opaque. Second, we analyse whether it is possible to find those same dynamics at play behind Heidegger’s “Fourfold,” which we propose to reread in binary key in dialogue with contemporary anthropology, from Bateson and Lévi-Strauss to Wagner and Viveiros de Castro, and in light of Guattari’s notion of “trans-entitarian generativity.” Third, we stress the need to reposition Heidegger’s thought alongside contemporary concerns on “worlding” and we explore its plausible intersections with today’s object-oriented ethnography. Lastly, we discuss the possibility of rereading Heidegger’s Fourfold afresh against the backdrop of Heidegger’s non-foundational thinking, as a conceptual metaphor for the joint dynamics ofAbgrundandGrund.
Foundations of Practical Spiritual Theology: Walter Hilton as a Case Study in Retrieval
Authors: Goodrich Kevin
Published: March 2021

This article explores the relationships between spirituality, spiritual theology, and practical theology. It proposes a synthesis of these disciplines – practical spiritual theology – as a method and methodology for retrieving the wisdom of historical Christian mystics for the purposes of sustaining and inspiring the spiritual life of contemporary Christians. The 14th century English mystic, Walter Hilton, is used to illustrate this synthesis in practice.
Physico-mechanical comparative study on gamma irradiated high density polyethylene/eggshell and commercial calcium carbonate composites
Authors: Mohamed Maysa A. , Mounir Rania , EL-Zayat Mai. M. , Raslan Heba A.
Published: March 2021

Chicken eggshell powder (ESP) as natural source of CaCO3was incorporated as natural filler into High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).This natural source can be considered as an effective alternative for the commercial calcium carbonate (CC) filler. Characterization of ESP and CC was investigated by FTIR and XRD analysis. HDPE composites filled with 30 phr (ESP) and (CC) were prepared using internal mixer. 2 phr maleic anhydride (MA) was added as compatibilizing agent to HDPE/ESP composite. The prepared composites were vulcanized by usingγ-radiation at doses from 50 to 150 kGy. Mechanical and flame retardancy properties of all composites were investigated; composites were thermally analyzed using TGA and DSC. The results showed that, the mechanical properties of HDPE decrease by incorporation of ESP or CC into it, as it was noticed that the mechanical properties of HDPE/ESP composite were better than the mechanical properties of HDPE/CC composite. Moreover, addition of MA led to improvement in mechanical properties of the HDPE/ESP composite. As well, the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the composites increased by adding ESP or CC to HDPE. The results were proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
„In dem Moment habe ich mich sehr erschreckt …“ Was Medizin-Studierende nach dem anatomischen Präparierkurs ihren Körperspendern mitteilen wollen
Authors: Frick Eckhard , Naumann Julia , Peschel Oliver , Waadt Michael
Published: March 2021

Fragestellung

Viele medizinische Fakultäten laden zu Erinnerungs- und Dankfeiern im Anschluss an den Kursus der Makroskopischen Anatomie ein. Im Hinblick auf eine bio-psycho-sozio-spirituell orientierte Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung untersucht die vorliegende Studie implizite Gefühle und Gedanken von Medizinstudierenden während der Feier, die Leib-/Körper-Differenzierung und die spirituellen Aspekte des medizinischen Unterrichtes.

Methode

Wir untersuchten 1653 kurze Texte, mit denen sich Studierende an die Körperspender wandten. Davon enthielten 140 auffällige Latenzen. Im Rahmen eines interdisziplinären Workshops identifizierten wir sechs Fälle, die wir mit zwei Verfahren der objektiven Hermeneutik bearbeiteten (Sequenzanalyse und Tiefenhermeneutik).

Ergebnisse

Während fortschreitender Entpersönlichung des im Verlauf des Präparierkurses fragmentierten Leichnams entsteht in den Studierenden die Repräsentanz einer Person „hinter“ dem anatomischen Objekt. Beim Abfassen des kurzen Textes an den Spender stellt die Bewältigung der Erfahrung von Vergänglichkeit für Studierenden eine persönliche spirituelle Herausforderung dar.

Diskussion

Die Berücksichtigung unbewusster Gefühle und Gedanken im Anschluss an den Präparierkurs kann Lehrende im Medizinstudium inspirieren.
Von der Filiale zur Zentrale: Die EDEKABANK in Hamburg1
Authors: Martens Holger
Published: March 2021

Zur Förderung ihrer genossenschaftlich organisierten Lebensmittel-Einzelhändler planten die Gründer der EDEKA-Einrichtungen schon früh die Errichtung eines eigenen Kreditinstituts. Es waren zahlreiche Hindernisse zu überwinden, bis die Genossenschaftsbank etabliert war. Die Verlegung des Hauptsitzes von Berlin nach Hamburg war das Ergebnis der Nachkriegsentwicklung. 1972 erfolgte die Umwandlung in eine Aktiengesellschaft unter Beibehaltung genossenschaftlicher Prinzipien. Grundlage des Erfolgs war von Anbeginn die enge Verbindung mit den EDEKA-Kaufleuten und die Orientierung an ihren Bedürfnissen. Die EDEKABANK kann damit nicht nur auf über 100 Jahre erfolgreiche Unternehmensgeschichte zurückblicken, sondern hat auch einen maßgeblichen Anteil an der Entwicklung der genossenschaftlich organisierten EDEKA-Gruppe zum größten Unternehmen im deutschen Lebensmittelhandel mit einem Marktanteil von über 26 Prozent.
Public Private Partnership: Alternatif Pembangunan Infrastruktur dalam Negri
Authors: Dzakky Fahmi
Published: March 2021

Sebagai regulator dan fasilitator proyek infrastruktur Indonesia, Pemerintah telah mengundang partisipasi sektor swasta melalui pengaturan Public Private Partnership (PPP) atau yang dikenal juga dengan Kerjasama Pemerintah dengan Badan Usaha (KPBU). Kemitraan Pemerintah-Swasta umumnya dicirikan oleh entitas sektor swasta yang mengumpulkan dana untuk membangun aset yang dibutuhkan oleh Pemerintah, dan menyediakan fasilitas atau layanan sebagai imbalan aliran pendapatan kontraktual dari Pemerintah atau pengguna. Hal ini disebabkan PPP dikatakan efektif untuk dijadikan alternatif pembangunan infrastruktur di dalam negeri. Tulisan ini akan menganalisis mengenai eksistensi PPP sebagai unsur alternatif pembangunan infrastruktur di Indonesia, dilihat dari aspek hukum dan implementasinya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh adalah Pemerintah harus berupaya untuk dapat meningkatkan kualitas kontrak dan perbaikan skema PPP sehingga dapat menarik investor turut membantu pemerintah pada agenda pembangunan infrastruktur dalam negeri.Kata Kunci: PPP, infrastruktur, pembangunanABSTRACTAs the regulator and facilitator of Indonesian infrastructure projects, the Government has invited private sector participation through the regulation of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) or also known as Government Cooperation with Business Entities (KPBU). Government-Private Partnerships are generally characterized by private sector entities that raise funds to build assets required by the Government and provide facilities or services in exchange for a contractual revenue stream from the Government or users. This is because PPP is said to be effective to be an alternative to infrastructure development in the country. This paper will analyze the existence of PPP as an alternative element of infrastructure development in Indonesia, judging by the legal aspects and its implementation. The method used is normative legal research method using literature study. The result obtained is that the Government should strive to be able to improve the quality of contracts and improve PPP schemes to attract investors to help the government on the domestic infrastructure development agenda. Keyword: PPP, infrastructure, development
Scientology Studies 2.0, Utopia or Opportunity?
Authors: Introvigne Massimo
Published: March 2021

To explain why my experience of studying Scientology both parallels, and differs from, what other scholars reported in this discussion, I first offer some autobiographical notes on my career as a scholar of new religious movements. Second, I elaborate on the notion of ‘Scientology Studies 2.0;’ i.e., an approach discussing L. Ron Hubbard’s writings on their own merits, rather than focusing on his controversial biography only, and how they inspire the daily life of ordinary Scientologists, quite apart from court cases and sensational media coverage. Third, I mention how a possible dialogue between scholars of different opinions about Scientology is torpedoed by a gatekeeping activity by professional anti-cultists who strive to make this dialogue impossible. In conclusion, I integrate the suggestions offered in this issue by Bernard Doherty with some of my own.
Time sampling method in thermal analysis for condensed media
Authors:   Institute of Geothermal and Renewable Energy Problems. Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Iskenderov E.G. , Dvoryanchikov V.I. ,   Institute of Geothermal and Renewable Energy Problems. Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dibirov Y.A. ,   Institute of Geothermal and Renewable Energy Problems. Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

Method of time sampling for processing of structured data obtained during thermal analysis of condensed media is presented, based on comparison of maximum time intervals of processes of phase transitions. Proposed method makes it possible to simplify analysis and processing of data obtained as a result of series of experiments and to identify composition, which has the largest value of time interval of phase transition process. To implement the proposed method, a program in the Java programming language was developed, which is a JavaDesktop application with an intuitive graphical interface. The calculation results are exported to a text and graphic file. To verify the feasibility of this method, studies were carried out on melting a series of ice samples and ice-containing compositions of aqueous solutions of inorganic compounds, as a result of which specific samples of compositions with the best thermophysical properties for accumulating cold were obtained from each series.
Growth of nanostructured nonmetallic inorganic coatings obtained by nanoscale localization of high-energy flows at the boundary of the phase separation
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Mamaev A.I. , Dolgova YU.N. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Beletskaya E. Yu. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Mamaeva V.A. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Baranova T.A. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: March 2021

We performed a mathematical analysis of the theory of collective microplasma processes in solutions and the basic equation for the growth of a nanostructured nonmetallic inorganic coating during the formation of a coating - a film on the surface of a material immersed in an electrolyte solution during nanoscale localization of high-energy flows at the phase boundary. The microplasma process is considered as a process of collective microplasma discharges. It is shown that this model allows one to relate the main physicochemical parameters of electrochemical and microplasma processes in electrolyte solutions: concentration, temperature, pulse duration, polarization voltage with the characteristics of the coating formation process, growth rate, thickness, size, and grain weight of the coating. The total current of microplasma discharges is limited by the current passing through the boundary immiscible layer.
On the method of eigenvalues determination of the “truncated” matrix with morse hamiltonian as an example
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Bekhtereva E.S. , Gromova O.V. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Glushkov P.A. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Belova A.S. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: March 2021

A method of precise eigenvalues determination is developed on the basis of high order perturbation theory and applied to di-atomic molecule, as an example. The proposed method makes it possible not only to obtain energy values, but also to estimate a prediction accuracy and limits of its applicability for a specific implemented model. Numerical calculations are performed with the use of the extended Morse oscillator functions. The sixth power of the Morse coordinate is included into the potential function expansion. Analysis of possibility to make calculation in the model of the "truncated" matrix of the Hamiltonian is performed. The comparative possibilities of the method are analyzed with respect to other approaches of the potential functions determination for polyatomic molecules.
Comparing Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms for Default Risk Prediction in Peer to Peer Lending
Authors: Aleksandrova Yanka
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to evaluate several popular machine learning algorithms for credit scoring for peer to peer lending. The dataset to fit the models is extracted from the official site of Lending Club. Several models have been implemented, including single classifiers (logistic regression, decision tree, multilayer perceptron), homogeneous ensembles (XGBoost, GBM, Random Forest) and heterogeneous ensemble classifiers like Stacked Ensembles. Results show that ensemble classifiers outperform single ones with Stacked Ensemble and XGBoost being the leaders.
Diagnosis of Pneumatic Systems on Basis of Time Series and Generalized Feature for Comparison with Standards for Normal Working Condition
Authors: Kosturkov Rosen , Nachev Veselin , Titova Tanya
Published: March 2021

Faults are unwanted events in any industrial production system. Early detection and diagnosis of faults in automated systems is important in order to prevent equipment damage, loss of performance and profits. For this purpose, more and more sophisticated and complex systems for observation and monitoring of basic characteristics in automated processes are being built. Preconditions for increasing their efficiency are processing and analysis of process information is obtained through a significant number of sensors. For pneumatic systems in addition to the identification of certain faults that may affect the normal production process, it is important to consider the possibilities to improve their energy efficiency. In this regards, the work focuses on the detection of leaks. The fault detection is based on the measurement of the compressed air consumption at the inlet of the pneumatic module and synchronization with signal from the PLC to the valve, and controlled the pneumatic cylinder. The experimental study aims to develop methods for automatic detection and classification of leaks that may be used in machine learning algorithms.
Performance of IPM Techniques on Pesticide use and Yield of Vegetables
Authors: Khanal Arjun , Regmi Punya Prasad , K.C. Gopal Bahadur , K.C. Dilli Bahadur , Dahal Kishor Chandra
Published: March 2021

Background: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an approach for plant protection that was de­signed to reduce the need of chemical control. It is a complex, knowledge-based technology that combines biological, cultural and chemical control methods to keep pests below economically acceptable level. This study was done to assess the impact of IPM technology on pesticides use and yield of vegetable crops. Methods: A total of five hundred vegetable grower farmers from Banke and Surkhet districts of Lumbini and Karnali provinces, respectively, were purposively selected as the study area. These districts are the major vegetable growing areas in Nepal. Yield function was developed in estimating the functional relationship. Pesticide input was used as independent variable to know the effect of pesticide on vegetable yield. To detect the impact of IPM-technology on vegetable yield linear regression was used in this study. Result: IPM practicing farmers were significantly younger and more educated than control farmers. Pesticides and bio-pesticides were the major inputs used for controlling pests and diseases. Based on the sign and coefficient of the IPM (practice) variable, it has been concluded that use of IPM has positive and significant effect on the net revenue from the vegetables.
Effect of Systemic Cortisol on Pregnancy Rate in Repeat Breeding Cows during Early Pregnancy
Authors: Rajamanickam K. , Ali M. Sameer , Leela V.
Published: March 2021

Background: The effect of systemic cortisol on pregnancy rate during early pregnancy in repeat breeding cows was estimated. Methods: Oestrus synchronisation was done in 20 repeat breeders and samples were collected on different days of post-insemination to estimate cortisol. Result: Trans-rectal ultrasonography on 26th day of post insemination revealed a pregnancy rate of 45%. When two groups were compared, serum, salivary and urinary cortisol level of non-pregnant animals were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased than that of pregnant animals on different days of post-insemination. Within non-pregnant animals, serum, salivary and urinary cortisol levels showed a significant (P less than 0.05) variation between different days of post insemination, but this variation was not observed in pregnant animals. Spearman rho correlation revealed positive association (P less than 0.05) of systemic cortisol with pregnancy rate. In non-pregnant animals, salivary and urinary cortisol levels were observed to be positively correlated (P less than 0.05) with serum cortisol. The results indicate that systemic cortisol has influence on pregnancy rate in repeat breeding cows, this may be due to its effect on embryo implantation and hormonal balance, which requires further validation. Association of salivary and urinary cortisol with serum cortisol indicates their use as non-invasive samples to monitor the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in repeat breeders.
Critical Level of Magnesium for Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in Ultisols of Kerala
Authors: Soniya V.P. , Bhindhu P.S. , Sureshkumar P.
Published: March 2021

Background: Ultisols are characterized by low pH, low cation exchange capacity and low base saturation due to dominance of kaolinite and oxides and hydrous oxides of iron and aluminium. Among the basic cations, magnesium has smaller ionic size and larger hydrated radius which limits binding of Mg to soil exchange sites. As a result the deficiency of magnesium is a common nutritional disorder in these soils due to leaching of bases under humid tropical conditions. The determination of critical level of magnesium in soil and plant helps to manage the nutrient deficiency and will help to avoid crop loss. Methods: A pot culture experiment was conducted to determine the critical level of magnesium for cowpea in Ultisols of Kerala during January 2019. Graded doses of magnesium were applied @ 5 mg kg-1 to 80 mg kg-1 of soil as magnesium carbonate along with recommended dose of fertilizers to evaluate the effect of applied magnesium on soil pH, available magnesium in soil, magnesium content in plant, crop uptake and yield. Result: Soil pH and available magnesium in soil recorded at flowering and harvest was highest where magnesium was applied @ 80 mg kg-1 of soil. Magnesium content in stem and leaves was found to increase with the levels of magnesium added. No significant variation in the content of magnesium in pods was recorded. Crop uptake (66.62 mg g-1) of magnesium and yield per plant (79.33 g plant-1) was highest in the treatment (T5) where magnesium was applied @ 10 mg kg-1 of soil. The critical level of magnesium determined by Cate and Nelson graphical method was found to be 75 mg kg-1 of available magnesium in soil and 0.38% in leaves of cowpea during flowering.
Management of Alternaria Leaf Blight in Pigeonpea through Host Plant Resistance and Micronutrient Application
Authors: Rajeswari E. , Akiladevi P. , Jayamani P.
Published: March 2021

Background: Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] is one of the primary grain legume crops grown in India for its high quality vegetable protein, animal feed and fodder. It is affected by various fungal and viral diseases. Among these, leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the most destructive diseases and recently the disease of minor importance becomes major one in Tamil Nadu. Use of resistant cultivar is the most effective, economically viable and eco-friendly tool for combating the plant diseases. The micronutrients play a key role in many physiological and biochemical functions of the plants which influences plant pathogenic interaction. The micronutrients viz., Zn.Mn,Cu and Fe found to have greater impact on reducing the plant disease severity. Developing integrated disease management strategy involving disease resistant variety, micronutrient and fungicide application would be the best sustainable method for controlling the pigeonpea leaf blight. Methods: Twenty four pigeonpea genotypes along with two local varieties viz., CO5 and CO6 were evaluated in the field for their resistance against Alternaria alternata leaf blight disease, consecutively for three years from 2015-16 to 2017-18 using the disease resistance scale ranging from 0 to 9. Field experiments were also conducted for three consecutive Kharif season from 2015 to 2018 to evaluate the efficacy of the foliar application of different micronutrients and combination fungicide viz., carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% on the incidence of leaf blight disease. Result: A total of 24 pigeonpea genotypes were screened for their resistance against leaf blight under field condition. Among these, four genotypes viz., BDN2, IPA 8F, IPA 15F and MA6 were found resistance and nine genotypes were moderately resistant and remaining 11 genotypes showed susceptible reaction to leaf blight. The results of the field experiment on micronutrient and fungicide application revealed that foliar spraying of MnSO 4 @0.2% on 30 days after sowing and carbendazim 12%+ mancozeb 63%@ 1g / lit on 45 days after sowing recorded the lowest leaf blight incidence of 8.1 PDI (Per cent Disease Index) with the highest disease reduction of 76.9% as against 35 PDI in the untreated control plot. The above treatments also recorded the highest grain yield of 905 kg/ ha as against 703 kg/ in the untreated control.
Impact of Seed Maturation and Drought on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth in White Clover (Trifolium repens L.)
Authors: Tong Ruqiang , Liu Xinyuan , Mu Bifan , Wang Junfeng , Liu Mengxing , Zhou Yanchun , Qi Baolin , Li Yanan , Mu Chunsheng
Published: March 2021

Background: Understanding the drought tolerance of white clover seeds during germination and early seedling growth and how that is linked to seed maturation in legume species, is crucial to developing new stand establishments. Methods: An experiment was conducted in Randomized Block design in two factorial concept to explore how seed maturation and drought tolerance influence seed germination and early seedling growth using the two factors: seed coat color (yellow and brown, two levels as one factor) and drought intensity (control: 0 MPa [distilled water], mild drought: -0.2 MPa, moderate drought: -0.4 MPa and severe drought: -0.6 MPa, four levels as another factor). Result: In contrast to the yellow-coated seeds, the mean germination percentage, germination index, seedling vigour index and radicle length of the brown-coated seeds were lowered by 7.9%, 23.1%, 20.5% and 12.9%, respectively. Compared to the control, introducing drought conditions reduced the mean of germination percentage, germination index, seedling vigour index and radicle length of yellow-coated seeds by 52.4%, 64.1%, 41.9% and 23.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, drought affected brown-coated seeds more than yellow-coated seeds. The results indicating that the seed quality of white clover seed lots with yellow-colored coats higher than the seed lots with brown-coloured coats. In agronomic practice, a larger proportion of yellow-coated seeds should be harvested to improve new stands successful establishment under environment easy to dry.
Regional Differences in Cognitive Dissonance in Evacuation Behavior at the Time of the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Authors: Kono Tatsuhito , Okuno Masaya , Yamaura Kazuho
Published: March 2021

This paper constructs an evacuation decision-making model that takes cognitive dissonance into consideration. The purpose of this construction is to clarify the psychological mechanism for the evacuation behavior of residents during an emergency, based on Akerlof and Dickens (1982). Specifically, we empirically explore people’s psychological mechanism (e.g. cognitive dissonance) for evacuation behavior when a tsunami disaster occurs. As a result, we show that the level of anxiety depends on the area where residents live and that the average anxiety of residents is mostly correlated to the level of damage of past disasters, and that it is affected also by the ages of residents. Since the level of anxiety largely affects an individual’s evacuation behavior, this result can indicate for what kinds of people intervention and assistance are required based on the level of anxiety.
A Cross-Sectional Survey on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Towards Malaria Control and Prevention Among Caregivers of Children Under-5 in the Western Area of Sierra Leone
Authors: Koroma Joan Mabinty , Wang Yuji , Guo Xiang , Zhang Xiaoqing , Ngobeh Jone Jama Kpanda , Gabir Ahmed Mohamed Elamin Ali , Li Ziyao , Li Li , Wu Rangke , Zhou Xiaohong
Published: March 2021

BackgroundChildren under-5 are the most vulnerable to malaria infection and they suffer serious complications. Sierra Leone is one of the countries with the highest malaria burden in the world. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) towards malaria control and prevention among caregivers of children under-5 in the Western Area of Sierra Leone.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among caregivers of children under-5 visiting the out-patient department of six selected hospitals/community health centers. Data were collected via questionnaire interview with 350 caregivers. Further statistical analyses were performed primarily Spearman’s rank test for inferring the correlations among KAPs, univariate and multivariate logistic regression for demonstration the association between KAPs and socio-demographic characteristics.ResultsWomen made up 97.1% of respondents with the majority being young mothers-including 33 single student moms. 46.3% among respondents were unemployed and 27.1% had no educational background. Only 1.4% received malaria related information from the internet/social media. This KAPs survey indicated that misconception of cause, transmission and clinical symptoms of malaria; unawareness of lethality and severity; inappropriate behaviors in prevention and treatment such as self-medicating were still in existence in caregivers. But a positive correlation in knowledge-attitudes (rs = 0.13, P < 0.05) and attitudes-practices (rs = 0.45, P < 0.001) were revealed. The caregivers being a mother and having at least secondary education were demonstrated associated with positive attitudes and practices. Meanwhile, more urban-based caregivers (79.8%) followed a complete malaria treatment course of ACTs than the rural (63.3%), but in view of ITNs use, more rural-based caregivers presented positive attitudes (85.3%) and practices (70.1%) than the urban (69.9%, 52.0%). The student moms might know more but do less. ConclusionsIn order to better protect children under-5 against lethal malaria, their caregivers, especially young mothers, need strong support to reduce misconceptions, inappropriate behaviors, and provide increased vigilance. It is important to develop an efficient communication channel to disseminate information regarding malaria, especially strengthening community-based media infrastructure, including internet/social media. A increase in education and employment opportunities for women, as well as setting up community-based malaria counselling services, is urgently needed.
Vermicomposting Smart Closed Reactor Design and Performance Assessment by Using Sewage Sludge
Authors: Ghorbani Mona , Sabour Mohammad Reza , Bidabadi Masoud
Published: March 2021

This study aims to design a smart closed reactor of vermicomposting to convert sewage sludge and any organic waste to high-quality vermicompost. In this reactor design, all aspects of growth and reproduction of Eisenia Fetida worms, such as aeration, temperature, light, and moisture, were considered. We analyzed the physicochemical, bacterial, and microstructural of produced vermicompost and growth rate of worms in a substrate of 70% sewage sludge, 20% cow manure, and 10% sugarcane bagasse in a container and the smart reactor. The results show that vermicomposting in the smart reactor took 50% less time and 30% more worm growth rate to produce the same quality as in a container. After vermicomposting in the reactor, the parameters of pH, fecal coliform, phosphorus, organic matter, and C/N decreased whereas the parameters of carbon, nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia nitrate, and EC increased, slightly. Although, the EC amount of the reactor production is more than the container one, the amount of moisture, phosphorus, and organic matter of the vermicompost in the container is more than the reactor one. Based on the odor absorption and leachate elimination of this reactor, we recommend that it be utilized for vermicompost production, including out of smelly organic wastes such as sewage sludge, even in any public zone and personal houses.
The Accuracy of Ultrasound-guided Fine-needle Aspiration and Core Needle Biopsy in Diagnosing Axillary Lymph Nodes in Women With Breast Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zheng Haining , Zhao Rui , Wang Wei , Liu Xiaona , Wang Xiaoqing , Wen Chaoyang , Ren Yubo
Published: March 2021

Background: This study performed an overall assessment of the accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) for detecting axillary lymph nodes in women with breast cancer based on qualified studies.Methods: Eligible studies and pertinent literature resources were identified on Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases through searching key words or terms. The latest study was published in the March 2020. The eligible publications contained cohort and cross-sectional researches. All the publications obtained were tested for heterogeneity, and corresponding effect models were used to calculate amalgamative values of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Analysis of summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) was performed on suspicious axillary lymph nodes.Results: A total of 22 studies involving 3548 patients were included to explore the accuracy of FNA in identifying axillary lymph nodes in women with breast cancer. 11 studies involving 758 patients were included to explore the accuracy of CNB in identifying axillary lymph nodes in women with breast cancer. The accuracy of FNA in identifying suspicious axillary lymph nodes was specifically as follows: overall sensitivity was 79% (95%CI: 73%-84%), global specificity was 96% (95%CI: 92%-98%), overall positive likelihood ratio was 18.55 (95% CI: 10.53-32.69), overall negative likelihood ratio was 0.22 (95% CI: 0.17-0.28), the overall DOR was 71.68 (95%CI: 37.19-138.12), and the acreage under the SROC was (AUC = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92-0.96). The accuracy of CNB in identifying suspicious axillary lymph nodes was specifically as follows: overall sensitivity was 85% (95%CI: 81%-89%), global specificity was 93% (95%CI: 87%-96%), overall positive likelihood ratio was 11.88 (95% CI: 6.56-21.50), overall negative likelihood ratio was 0.16 (95% CI: 0.12-0.21), the overall DOR was 66.83 (95%CI: 33.28-134.21), and the acreage under the SROC was (AUC = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94-0.97).Conclusions: The results indicated that both FNA and CNB had high accuracy for suspicious axillary lymph nodes.
Characterizing and Forecasting Climate Indices Using Time Series Models
Authors: Lee Taesam , Ouarda Taha B.M.J. , Seidou Ousmane
Published: March 2021

The objective of the current study is to present a comparison of techniques for the forecasting of low frequency climate oscillation indices with a focus on the Great Lakes system. A number of time series models have been tested including the traditional Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model, Dynamic Linear model (DLM), Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, as well as the nonstationary oscillation resampling (NSOR) technique. These models were used to forecast the monthly El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) indices which show the most significant teleconnection with the net basin supply (NBS) of the Great Lakes system from a preliminary study. The overall objective is to predict future water levels, ice extent, and temperature, for planning and decision making purposes. The results showed that the DLM and GARCH models are superior for forecasting the monthly ENSO index, while the forecasted values from the traditional ARMA model presented a good agreement with the observed values within a short lead time ahead for the monthly PDO index.
An Experimental Assessment on the Influence of High Fuel Injection Pressure with Ternary Fuel (Diesel-Mahua methyl ester-Pentanol) on Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Authors: Ramachander Jatoth , Gugulothu Santhosh Kumar , Sastry Gadepalli Ravikiran , Bhsker Burra
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with analysis of the influence of fuel injection pressure with ternary fuel (diesel + Mahua methyl ester + Pentanol) on the emission, combustion and performance characteristics of a four stroke, single cylinder, common rail direct injection diesel engine working at a constant speed and varying operating scenarios. The usage of ternary fuel raised the NOx emission (12.46%) value and specific fuel consumption (SFC) with a decrease in the BTE (brake thermal efficiency) which attributes to its properties and combustion characteristics. The combustion process was affected by the physical properties of the blended fuel such as volatility and viscosity and this eventually affected the performance of the engine. The fuel injection pressure is varied from 20 MPa to 50 MPa so that ternary fuel can be properly utilized. The high injection pressure of 50 MPa has better combustion characteristics and higher brake thermal efficiency (4.39%) value than other injection pressure values. A better mixture is formed due to well atomized spray and as a result, the levels of CO (22.24%), HC (9.49%) and smoke (7.5%) falls with the increase in injection pressure.
Midbrain atrophy related to parkinsonism in a non-coding repeat expansion disorder: five cases of spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 with nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction
Authors: Norioka Ryohei , Sugaya Keizo , Murayama Aki , Kawazoe Tomoya , Tobisawa Shinsuke , Kawata Akihiro , Takahashi Kazushi
Published: March 2021

Background
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 (SCA31) is caused by non-coding pentanucleotide repeat expansions in the BEAN1 gene. Clinically, SCA31 is characterized by late-adult onset, pure cerebellar ataxia. To explore the association between parkinsonism and SCA31, five patients with SCA31 with concomitant nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction (NSDD) development, including three cases of L-DOPA responsive parkinsonism, were characterized.
Methods
To assess regional brain atrophy, cross-sectional and longitudinal imaging analyses were retrospectively performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) planimetry. The midbrain-to-pons (M/P) area ratio and cerebellar area were measured on midsagittal T1-weighted MRI in five patients with SCA31 with concomitant NSDD (NSDD(+)), 14 patients with SCA31 without NSDD (NSDD(-)), 32 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and 15 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Longitudinal changes in the M/P area ratio were assessed by serial MRI of NSDD(+) (n = 5) and NSDD(-) (n = 9).
Results
The clinical characteristics assessed in the five patients with NSDD were as follows: the mean age at NSDD onset (72.0 ± 10.8 years), prominence of bradykinesia/akinesia (5/5), rigidity (4/5), tremor (2/5), dysautonomia (0/5), vertical gaze limitation (1/5), and abnormalities on 123I-ioflupane dopamine transporter scintigraphy (3/3) and 3-Tesla neuromelanin MRI (4/4). A clear reduction in the midbrain area and the M/P area ratio was observed in the NSDD(+) group (p < 0.05) while there was no significant difference in disease duration or in the pons area among the NSDD(+), NSDD(-), and PD groups. There was also a significant difference in the midbrain and pons area between NSDD(+) and PSP (p < 0.05). Thus, mild but significant midbrain atrophy was observed in NSDD(+). A faster rate of decline in the midbrain area and the M/P area ratio was evident in NSDD(+) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The clinical characteristics of five patients with SCA31 with concomitant NSDD, together with the topographical pattern of atrophy, were inconsistent with those of PD, PSP, or multiple system atrophy, suggesting that SCA31 may manifest NSDD in association with the pathomechanisms underlying SCA31.
Ex vivo comparative evaluation of efficacy of disinfecting ability of garlic oil, neem oil, clove oil and tulsi oil with autoclaving on endodontic K files, tested against aerobic bacteria
Authors: Isani Asna , Masih Updesh , Joshi Kairavi
Published: March 2021

Aim: This study aims for comparative evaluation of efficacy of disinfecting ability of garlic oil, neem oil, clove oil and tulsi oil with autoclaving on endodontic k files tested against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Materials and Methods: 50 endodontic K-file were used in oral cavity as sample size, which were immersed into 4 different herbal oils and were checked for its disinfecting ability with three different methods. Results: In this study garlic oil is more effective against aerobic bacteria when compared to neem oil, clove oil and tulsi oil. Conclusion: Garlic oil can be used as an alternative method to autoclave against aerobic bacteria but autoclave is a gold standard disinfecting method for sterilization.
Evaluation of microcirculation disorders in patients with severe COVID-19 by nail bed capillaroscopy
Authors: Ladozhskaya-Gapeenko Е. Е. , Khrapov К. N. , Polushin Yu. S. , Shlyk I. V. , Vartanova I. V. , Fionik А. М. , Danilova D. M.
Published: March 2021

Microcirculation disorders caused by thrombosis are the most important factor determining the pathogenesis of organ damage in severe COVID-19 including the absence of obvious macrohemodynamic instability. However, there are very few publications demonstrating the results of intravital visualization of changes in the microcirculation system in this disease.

The objective:to assess the state of microcirculation in patients with viral pneumonia associated with COVID-19 using nail bed microscopy.

Subjects and methods.Eleven patients with COVID-19 were examined; they were admitted to the intensive care unit due to progressing acute respiratory failure. Vital microscopy of the microcirculatory bloodstream in the fingers’ nail bed was performed by admission and over time. When assessing microcirculation, the presence of aggregates in the lumen of capillaries and avascular zones, and the linear velocity of blood flow were taken into account. The results were summarized taking with the outcome consideration (6 people recovered, 5 died).

Results.Microcirculation disorders were objectively confirmed in all patients. In 100% of cases, microaggregates were detected in the capillary lumen. The values of the mean linear velocity of capillary blood flow turned out to be extremely variable. However, the values of the maximum linear velocities of capillary blood flow in the patients who subsequently died were significantly lower versus survivors (190 μm/sec (135.5; 237) and 387 μm/sec (329.3; 407.5), p = 0.018). The irregularity of blood flow in the visualized field was revealed: when the value of the maximum linear velocity in some capillaries was less than 180 µm/sec, in others, disturbances in the form of pendulum-like movement were already noted. Further slowing down of the blood flow velocity led to the development of stasis and the formation of avascular zones.

Conclusion.Impaired microcirculation (decreased blood flow rate in the capillaries, the presence of microaggregates and a lower number of perfused capillaries in the form of avascular zones) develops in all patients with severe COVID-19.
Vaccines in control of infectious diseases of swine
Authors: TARASIUK KAZIMIERZ
Published: March 2021

The study presents data concerning vaccines registered in the EU that are used in the prevention and control of viral and bacterial infectious diseases of swine in Poland. It discusses novel vaccines against infectious diseases of swine, such as ileitis, influenza A virus, and mycoplasmal pneumonia. The advantages of intradermal administration of selected vaccines against certain diseases are discussed. Selected problems regarding the efficacy of vaccination against influenza A virus and PRRS are underlined. The study points out that the efficacy of immunization with inactivated vaccines against PRRS is limited. This, however, may also be true of live vaccines against PRRS, since results of immunization with some live attenuated vaccines can be unsatisfactory as well. It is explained by the fact that there are relatively frequent genetic changes in the genome of the field PRRSV strains, unlike in the virus strain or strains used in the vaccine. Strategies to optimize the use of currently available vaccines against influenza A virus (IAV) are discussed. It is worth noting the high efficacy of the vaccine containing antigens of subtypes H1N1, H3N2, and H1N1 against influenza A virus. Vaccination against IAV induces the production of neutralizing antibodies and protection with a very similar strain. As far as vaccines against viral diseases of swine (pseudorabies, classical swine fever) are concerned, the marker vaccines appear to be very useful in differentiating infected animals from vaccinated ones (DIVA strategy). At the beginning of the 21st century, several new effective vaccines were developed, produced, and used against diarrheal diseases of different etiology and, for the first time, against oedema disease, ileitis, and enzootic pneumonia of swine. In view of the growing problem of mixed infections, the study presents several new vaccines containing multiple antigens of one pathogen (serotypes/genotypes) or different pathogens in combination (polyvalent vaccines). The study also discusses the role of the strategy of vaccination depending on the course of the infectious disease, the type of vaccine, as well as the production system of swine.
RFID Tracking Implementation for Supplier Chain Management at Toyota USA: Proposal of Development of Advanced TPS for Global Production Strategy
Authors: Sakai Hirohisa , Castañeda Vicente A.
Published: March 2021

In order to achieve simultaneous, worldwide high quality assurance and other global production developments, Advanced TPS was proposed as a global production technology and management model, especially designed to realize high productivity and cost performance in global production. On this model, the inventory management is the key method at any manufacturing facility operating with Just-in-Time (JIT). On the other hand, the current inventory systems at manufacturing facilities do not provide real inventory data. So out-of-stock conditions sometimes have caused major productivity losses by causing the production line to stop. Therefore, the authors have proposed to create component inventory tool, which RFID tag can be replaced onto the containers with the trial parts and thus both the supplier and main manufacturing facility. This tool could provide constant feedback to ordering, logistics, and assembly conveyance groups in order to maintain and improve current JIT system. Concretely, this can also provide current information on components being shipped by the supplier and list what items are available in the production area by part number and supplier. The effectiveness of this proposal has been verified into Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Texas (TMMTX), which is unique for onsite supplier locations. This has been proven that RFID can prove to be an efficient tool with which to track inventory and generate cost savings.
Climate Policy Transition Risk and the Macroeconomy
Authors:   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Fried Stephie , Novan Kevin ,   University of California, Davis, Peterman William B. ,   Federal Reserve Board of Governors
Published: March 2021

Uncertainty surrounding if the U.S. will implement a federal climate policy introduces risk into the decision to invest in long-lived capital assets, particularly those designed to use, or to replace fossil fuel. We develop a dynamic, general equilibrium model to quantify the macroeconomic impacts of this climate policy transition risk. The model incorporates beliefs over the likelihood that the government adopts a climate policy causing the economy to dynamically transition to a lower carbon steady state. We find that climate policy transition risk decreases carbon emissions today by causing investment to become relatively cleaner and output to fall. This result counters the Green Paradox, which argues that climate policy risk raises emissions today by increasing incentives to extract fossil fuel, expanding its supply. Even allowing for the supply-side response, we find the demand-side response dominates, and the net effect of climate policy transition risk is still to reduce emissions today.