bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Importance of Kenaf Seed as Alternative Feed Resource in Micro Livestock Production: A Review
Authors: Y. A. Popoola, , A. B. Idowu , S. Ajijola , K. A. Popoola,
Published: April 2024

Feed supply has remained a major constraint in animal production due to an ever-increasing cost of conventional feedstuff occasioned by the competition between man and animals for cereal grains. There is need to harness the potential of the numerous agro-industrial by-products and the so-called wastes as part of replacing them for expensive feedstuffs. This necessitated for the utilization of kenaf grains and leaf in the diet of micro–livestock. The cost of conventional feedstuffs coupled with high demand for grains for human consumption has stimulated interest in the use of non-conventional, readily available, and cheaper source of feedstuffs. Use of kenaf by-product in other livestock with an impressive result has been recorded without any deleterious effect on the experimental animals. Kenaf is an annual or biennial herbaceous short-lived plant belongs to family malvaceae and is usually considered as a fiber crop, primarily used for rope, twine, coarse cloth and paper. Hence, kenaf grains and leaf could be used as alternative feed resource for micro-livestock.
Human Amniotic Membrane Graft Plug for Sclerotomy Closure of 23-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Eyes with Silicone Oil Tamponade
Authors: Khaqan Hussain Ahmad , Hassan Laraib , Rehman Hafiz Ateeq ur , Jabran Aamna , Akram Nabeel , Fauzan Ahmad
Published: April 2024

The aim of this single-center, comparative, interventional case study is to elaborate a method to plug the 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy sclerotomy using a human amniotic membrane in the eyes having internal tamponade of silicone oil. This study was conducted on 75 eyes of 75 patients who underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with tamponade of silicone oil. Patients were divided into three groups based on sclerotomy closure. Group A consisted of 25 eyes in which the sclerotomy was closed with a human amniotic membrane, Group B consisted of 25 eyes in which the sclerotomy was closed with sutures, and Group C consisted of 25 eyes in which neither sutures nor human amniotic membrane were used. Patients were monitored for a total of six months. Hypotony and subconjunctival silicone oil were not seen in Group A. 12% of those in Group B had subconjunctival silicone oil leaks, but none had hypotonia. On the first postoperative day in Group C, 28% displayed subconjunctival silicone oil, and 16% displayed hypotonia. Further manipulation was required for these four hypotonus eyes; two required the use of sutures, and the other two required the use of a human amniotic membrane. We came to the conclusion that silicone oil tamponade with a human amniotic membrane plug appears to be a promising method for closing the vitrectomy sclerotomy in the eyes.
A Comprehensive Review on Future of Smart Farming and Its Role in Shaping Food Production
Authors: A Deepasree , Singh Swati , Divyashree . , Sharma Nilesh , Rout Sandeep , Saritha B. , Gautam Saransh Kumar
Published: April 2024

The advent of smart farming represents a pivotal shift in agricultural practices, integrating advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and gene editing to enhance food production efficiency, sustainability, and global food security. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted dimensions of smart farming, including its implementation across diverse global contexts, the profound impacts on food production, the challenges and concerns associated with its adoption, and the prospective future directions shaped by emerging technologies and innovations. By analyzing case studies and current research, the review highlights how precision agriculture, IoT sensors, and data analytics have significantly increased crop yields and resource use efficiency, underscoring the role of smart farming in promoting sustainable agricultural practices and reducing environmental footprints. However, the adoption of smart farming technologies is not without challenges, including technical limitations, data privacy and security concerns, socio-economic and ethical considerations, such as job displacement and animal welfare. The review also discusses the crucial role of government policy, international collaboration, and education in facilitating the adoption of smart farming technologies and addressing these challenges. As the agricultural sector stands on the brink of a technological revolution, this review emphasizes the need for continuous innovation, robust support frameworks, and inclusive strategies to ensure that the benefits of smart farming are realized equitably  across the global agricultural landscape, paving the way for a more sustainable and secure food future.
First Report of Invasive Thrips, Thrips parvispinus (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in chilli from Alipurduar District of West Bengal, India
Authors: Chatterjee Moulita , Biswas Archisman , Chakraborty Debanjan , Patra Biswajit , Sahoo Shyamal Kr.
Published: April 2024

Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the important commercial crops grown in almost all the states of India. However, biotic ravages caused by insect pests limit the productivity and quality of this crop. Recently thrips infestation was recorded in chilli crop in Guabar Nagar village under Alipurduar district of West Bengal. Survey was conducted and thrips specimens were collected from flowers of infested plants. The thrips was identified as Thrips parvispinus on the basis of molecular characterization. The submission of the said sequence to National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database resulted in generation of GenBank accession number PP338266. Upon confirmation of the pest as the invasive T. parvispinus, extended surveys were conducted in the neighbouring villages and this invasive thrips was also found in the farmers’ fields of Harinathpur, Baganbari, Dhulagaon and Nabanagar villages of the Alipurduar district of West Bengal.
Unraveling the Complex Dynamics of Soil Microbiome Diversity and Its Implications for Ecosystem Functioning: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Singh Nitesh Kumar , Rai Avinash Kumar
Published: April 2024

Soil microbiome diversity plays a pivotal role in shaping terrestrial ecosystems and the myriad functions. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate dynamics of soil microbial communities, exploring their composition, interactions, and responses to environmental factors. By synthesizing findings from cutting-edge research, we aim to elucidate the complex interplay between soil microbiome diversity and ecosystem functioning. We discuss the application of advanced techniques, such as high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis, which have revolutionized our understanding of soil microbial diversity. The review highlights the influence of biotic and abiotic factors, including plant diversity, soil properties, climate, and land-use practices, on the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities. We examine the mechanisms through which soil microbes drive critical ecosystem processes, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and plant productivity. The review also explores the resilience and adaptability of soil microbial communities in the face of global change pressures, such as climate change, land-use intensification, and biodiversity loss. We discuss the potential implications of altered soil microbiome diversity for ecosystem functioning and the provision of essential ecosystem services. Furthermore, we identify knowledge gaps and propose future research directions to advance our understanding of soil microbiome diversity and its role in maintaining healthy and productive ecosystems. This review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex dynamics of soil microbiome diversity and underscores its critical importance in shaping the functioning and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems in a changing world.
Intrafamilial resource competition and mate competition shaped social‐group‐specific natal dispersal in the 18th and 19th century Krummhörn population
Authors: Beise Jan , Voland Eckart
Published: January 2008

We describe the natal dispersal patterns of the Krummhörn population as the outcome of intrafamilial competition. Depending on the affiliation with a specific social group and the sex of the individual, this competition is driven by different factors and obeys a different functional logic: The dispersal patterns of the daughters of landless workers allow a mate competition scenario to be detected, whereas the dispersal behavior of the children of farmers (especially of the sons) is driven by a resource competition scenario. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Canine size, shape, and bending strength in primates and carnivores
Authors: Plavcan J. Michael , Ruff Christopher B.
Published: January 2008

Anthropoid primates are well known for their highly sexually dimorphic canine teeth, with males possessing canines that are up to 400% taller than those of females. Primate canine dimorphism has been extensively documented, with a consensus that large male primate canines serve as weapons for intrasexual competition, and some evidence that large female canines in some species may likewise function as weapons. However, apart from speculation that very tall male canines may be relatively weak and that seed predators have strong canines, the functional significance of primate canine shape has not been explored. Because carnivore canine shape and size are associated with killing style, this group provides a useful comparative baseline for primates. We evaluate primate maxillary canine tooth size, shape and relative bending strength against body size, skull size, and behavioral and demographic measures of male competition and sexual selection, and compare them to those of carnivores. We demonstrate that, relative to skull length and body mass, primate male canines are on average as large as or larger than those of similar sized carnivores. The range of primate female canine sizes embraces that of carnivores. Male and female primate canines are generally as strong as or stronger than those of carnivores. Although we find that seed‐eating primates have relatively strong canines, we find no clear relationship between male primate canine strength and demographic or behavioral estimates of male competition or sexual selection, in spite of a strong relationship between these measures and canine crown height. This suggests either that most primate canines are selected to be very strong regardless of variation in behavior, or that primate canine shape is inherently strong enough to accommodate changes in crown height without compromising canine function. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total Synthesis of Thiopeptide Antibiotics GE2270A, GE2270T, and GE2270C1
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Dethe Dattatraya H. , Leung Gulice Y. C. , Zou Bin , Chen David Y.‐K.
Published: January 2008

The total syntheses of the thiopeptide antibiotics GE2270A (7), GE2270T (8), and GE2270C1 (9) are described. The original synthetic strategies employed utilized the hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction to construct the pyridine core of the target molecules and relied on a macrolactamization process to construct the macrocycle. The hetero‐Diels–Alder‐based strategy finally evolved allows the introduction of all four thiazole units attached to the pyridine ring and a one‐pot sequence for macrocyclization and side‐chain extension, culminating in highly convergent and expedient syntheses of these molecules as exemplified by a 24‐step synthesis of GE2270C1 (9).
DIN 1052:2004 – Neue Grundlagen für Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung von Holzbauwerken – Teil 2: Anwendungsbereich und holzbauspezifische Grundlagen des neuen Sicherheitskonzepts
Authors: Lißner Karin , Rug Wolfgang , Steinmetz Dieter
Published: January 2008

Es werden die grundlegenden Regeln der Berechnung nach Grenzzuständen im Holzbau, zum Beispiel die Lastkombinationen, die Berechnung der Bemessungswerte der Materialfestigkeit, der Einfluss der Lastdauer und der Holzfeuchte und die Bemessung für den Grenzzustand der Gebrauchstauglichkeit dargelegt.
Zur Berechnung von Holzstabtragwerken mit mehrlagigen nachgiebigen Verbundquerschnitten
Authors: Gollwitzer Thomas , Gebbeken Norbert
Published: January 2008

Die Brettrippenbauweise bietet Ingenieuren und Architekten die Möglichkeit, leistungsfähige, ökonomische und ästhetische gekrümmte Flächentragwerke zu realisieren. Trotz ihrer Vorzüge sind Brettrippenschalen vergleichsweise gering verbreitet. Ein Grund ist der Mangel an geeigneten Berechnungsverfahren für derartig komplexe statische Systeme aus mehrteiligen, nachgiebigen Verbundquerschnitten. Bisherige Lösungsmethoden basieren lediglich auf Spezialfällen oder stellen Näherungen dar. Eine leistungsfähige, anwenderfreundliche und zuverlässige Berechnungsmethode würde ihre häufigere Realisierung fördern. Hierzu wird in diesem Beitrag ein Finites Stabelement mit quadratischem Längsverschiebungsansatz für nahezu beliebige, mehrteilige nachgiebige Verbundquerschnitte mit räumlicher Tragwirkung nach Theorie II. Ordnung vorgestellt, an einem Beispiel verifiziert und eine maximale Elementlänge im Verhältnis zu den Fugensteifigkeiten angegeben. Das Element eignet sich z. B. auch zur Berechnung von Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken.

Die Berechnung von Durchlaufsystemen und die Berücksichtigung von Schwinden und Kriechen in den Teil querschnitten sind möglich. Die Abstände der Verbindungsmittel können abgestuft und damit optimal eingesetzt werden, was bei den derzeitig üblichen Berechnungsmethoden nicht möglich ist. Der Beitrag ist ein Auszug aus der Dissertation des erstgenannten Autors.
Pharmacokinetic properties of TDP4815 after single intravenous and oral administrations to rat, rabbit, monkey, dog andin vitrodrug metabolism
Authors: Chen Yanmin , Cheng Deping , Tio Cesar , Kagan Natashia , Eisennagel Stephen , Dasgupta Malini , Tomczuk Bruce , Bone Roger , Huebert Norman
Published: January 2008

The pharmacokinetics of TDP4815 was evaluated in rats, rabbits, dogs and monkeys. After intravenous administration, TDP4815 achieved COof 3255 ng/ml in rats at 5 mg/kg, 9066 ng/ml in rabbits and 7858 ng/ml in monkeys at 6 mg/kg, and 4457 ng/ml in dogs at 3 mg/kg. The clearance (CL) was 3105, 1692, 835 and 640 ml/h/kg in rats, rabbits, monkeys and dogs, respectively. The volume of distribution (VZ) was more than 3861 ml/kg in all species, except 1915 ml/kg in monkeys. The oral bioavailability was rabbit >rat> monkey compared at 100 mg/kg, but it was much higher in dogs (> 64%) after oral administrations. The calculated intrinsic clearance data suggested that the clearance of dog and human was restricted by binding to the plasma protein, and the clearance of rat and monkey was dependent on both the free fraction of plasma protein binding and the liver blood flow rate. The unbound hepatic intrinsic clearance of monkey was close to itsCLsuggesting that the hepatic clearance was an important excretion in monkeys. The poor oral bioavailability in the monkey may be related to the extensive glucuronidation. TheVZ·kg andCL·kg in test species showed good correlation with the animal body weights (R2 = 0.87 and 0.96). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoxia induces cardiac malformations via A1 adenosine receptor activation in chicken embryos
Authors: Ghatpande Satish K. , Billington Charles J. , Rivkees Scott A. , Wendler Christopher C.
Published: January 2008

BACKGROUND:

The current understanding of the effects of hypoxia on early embryogenesis is limited. Potential mediators of hypoxic effects include adenosine, which increases dramatically during hypoxic conditions and activates A1 adenosine receptors (A1ARs).

METHODS:

To examine the influences of hypoxia and adenosine signaling on cardiac development, chicken embryos were studied. Real time RT‐PCR assay was used to examine the A1AR gene expression during embryogenesis and after siRNA‐ mediated knock down. Cell proliferation was determined by counting cell nuclei and PhosphoHistone H3 positive cells. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay.

RESULTS:

A1ARs were found to be expressed in chicken embryos during early embryogenesis. Treatment of Hamburger and Hamilton stage 4 embryos with the A1AR agonist N6‐cyclopentyladenosine caused cardiac bifida and looping defects in 55% of embryos. Hamburger and Hamilton stage 4 embryos exposed to 10% oxygen for 6, 12, 18, and 24 h followed by recovery in room air until stage 11, exhibited cardia bifida and looping defects in 34, 45, 60, and 86% of embryos respectively. Hypoxia‐induced abnormalities were reduced when A1AR signaling was inhibited by the A1AR antagonist 1,3 dipropyl‐8‐cyclopentylxanthine or by siRNA‐targeting A1ARs. Hypoxia treatment did not increase apoptosis, but decreased embryonic cell proliferation.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data indicate that hypoxia adversely influences cardiac malformations during development, in part by A1AR signaling. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Synthetic Seven‐Membered 1‐Azasugars Displaying Potent Inhibition Towards Glycosidases and Glucosylceramide Transferase
Authors: Li Hongqing , Liu Tao , Zhang Yongmin , Favre Sylvain , Bello Claudia , Vogel Pierre , Butters Terry D. , Oikonomakos Nikos G. , Marrot Jérôme , Blériot Yves
Published: January 2008

Several members of a new family of seven‐membered azasugars, which can be seen as 1‐azasugar ring homologues, have been obtained by simple chemical transformations starting from a sugar‐derived azidolactol. Unlike their piperidine counterparts, these molecules are chemically stable when they possess a hydroxy group at the pseudo‐C‐2 position. Biological assays with a range of carbohydrate‐processing enzymes have revealed interesting potential for these compounds. A trihydroxymethyl‐substituted azepane displayed strong competitive inhibition on almond β‐glucosidase (Ki=2.5 μM) while a trihydroxylated carboxylic acid derivative proved to be a potent and selective L‐fucosidase inhibitor (Ki=41 nM). N‐Butylation of these seven‐membered 1‐azasugars generated derivatives with some activity towards the Gaucher’s disease‐related glucosylceramide transferase (IC50 75 μM) that did not interact significantly with digestive glucosidases.
PARAFASCA: ASCA combined with PARAFAC for the analysis of metabolic fingerprinting data
Authors: Jansen Jeroen J. , Bro Rasmus , Hoefsloot Huub C. J. , van den Berg Frans W. J. , Westerhuis Johan A. , Smilde Age K.
Published: January 2008

Novel post‐genomics experiments such as metabolomics provide datasets that are highly multivariate and often reflect an underlying experimental design, developed with a specific experimental question in mind. ANOVA‐simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) can be used for the analysis of multivariate data obtained from an experimental design instead of the widely used principal component analysis (PCA). This increases the interpretability of the model in terms of the experimental question. Aside from the levels of individual factors, variation that can be described by the experimental design may also depend on levels of multiple (crossed) factors simultaneously, e.g. the interactions. ASCA describes each contribution with a PCA model, but a contribution depending on crossed factors may be described more parsimoniously by multiway models like parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The combination of PARAFAC and ASCA, named PARAFASCA, provides a view on the data that is both parsimonious and focused on the experimental question. The novel method is used to analyze a dataset in which the effect of two doses of hydrazine on the urinary chemical composition of rats is investigated by time‐resolved metabolic fingerprinting with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This experiment has been conducted to monitor the dose‐specific urine composition changes in time upon hydrazine administration. Comparison of the PCA, the ASCA and the PARAFASCA models shows that ASCA and PARAFASCA describe the data more dedicated to the experimental question than PCA, but that PARAFASCA is more parsimonious than ASCA, and separates the variation underlying different effects better. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost‐effectiveness of prostate cancer chemoprevention
Authors: Svatek Robert S. , Lee J. Jack , Roehrborn Claus G. , Lippman Scott M. , Lotan Yair
Published: January 2008

BACKGROUND

The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) demonstrated that finasteride reduces the prevalence of prostate cancer by 24.8% (risk reduction) but questions remain regarding the cost‐effectiveness of widespread utilization. The purpose of the current analysis was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of chemoprevention utilizing a quality‐of‐life adjustment.

METHODS

A Markov decision analysis model with probabilistic sensitivity analysis was designed to determine the lifetime prostate health‐related costs, beginning at age 50 years, for men treated with finasteride compared with placebo. Model assumptions were based on data from the PCPT; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End‐Results program; literature review of costs, utilities, and transition rates among various prostate cancer health states; and local institutional cost data.

RESULTS

The quality‐adjusted cost‐effectiveness ratio for finasteride compared with men not receiving chemoprevention was $122,747 (in U.S.$) per quality‐adjusted life‐years saved (QALYs). If finasteride is assumed to not increase the incidence of high‐grade tumors, the quality‐adjusted cost‐effectiveness ratio was $112,062 per QALYs. Sensitivity analysis found that chemoprevention of prostate cancer with an agent that has no effect on the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia can render a cost‐effectiveness ratio of <$50,000 per QALYs saved when applied to a high‐risk population associated with a 25% risk reduction, and a cost of $30 per month.

CONCLUSIONS

Finasteride is unlikely to be cost‐effective when considering the impact on survival differences among treated versus untreated groups. However, chemoprevention may be cost‐effective in high‐risk populations when taking into consideration adjustments for the impact on quality of life. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Red blood cell transfusions and iron overload in the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Koller Charles , Taher Ali
Published: January 2008

BACKGROUND

Approximately 15,000 new cases of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are expected in the United States each year.

METHODS

The mainstay for the management of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is supportive therapy with red blood cell (RBC) transfusions to improve the patient's quality of life. RBC transfusions enable adequate tissue oxygenation and increase hemoglobin levels, improve fatigue, and improve the physical and intellectual activity of patients. Up to 90% of patients with MDS will receive RBC transfusions during the course of their disease, and many will become chronically dependent on transfusions to manage their anemia. These transfusions lead to an accumulation of excess iron that, in turn, can develop into a condition known as iron overload, causing clinical consequences like hypertransaminasemia and cirrhosis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and progressive dysfunction of the endocrine glands.

RESULTS

Studies in patients with MDS have indicated that iron overload because of RBC transfusions was an independent, adverse prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and leukemia‐free survival (LFS): OS and LFS were significantly shorter in transfusion‐dependent patients with MDS than in those who were not transfusion dependent.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for the treatment of patients with MDS recommend the use of RBC transfusions as supportive care, they further recommend that the iron burden of transfused patients be monitored regularly and that iron chelation therapy be considered to maintain serum ferritin levels of <1000 ng/mL. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Moving beyond the “1 size fits all” paradigm
Authors: Wei John T.
Published: January 2008

Mismatches between pretreatment health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and actual treatment received for prostate cancer are common. Given the important influence of pretreatment HRQOL on post‐treatment outcomes, the counseling processes used by physicians should be tailored to include pretreatment HRQOL.
Integrins and dystroglycan regulate astrocyte wound healing: The integrin β1 subunit is necessary for process extension and orienting the microtubular network
Authors: Peng Huashan , Shah Waris , Holland Paul , Carbonetto Salvatore
Published: January 2008

Monolayers of astrocytes in culture respond to a scrape wound by orienting towards the wound and extending processes that will repair it. We show here that they also upregulate the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, laminin, and chondroitin sulfated proteoglycan, that are deposited in astrocytic scars in vivo. We have previously shown that the major functional ECM receptors on astrocytes are dystroglycan (DG) plus integrins α1β1, α5β1, α6β1, and αvβ3. Consistent with this, laminin fragments that activate α1β1 integrin, α6β1 integrin, and DG all contribute to attachment. During astrocyte attachment, or process extension, integrins and DG are found at the leading edge of the lammelipodium, though they change in distribution with the extent of attachment and the α and β subunits of DG can be spatially uncoupled. Functionally, inhibitory antibodies to DG and integrin α1β1 or the RGD peptide all inhibit process extension, showing that ligand engagement of integrins and DG contribute to process extension. Astrocytes differentiated from DG or β1 null ES cells respond very differently to wounding. The former fail to extend process and cell polarization is disrupted partially. However, β1 null astrocytes not only fail to extend processes perpendicular to the wound, but cell polarization is completely disrupted and cells migrate randomly into the wound. We conclude that integrins are essential for astrocyte polarity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2008
CXCR4/SDF‐1 system modulates development of GnRH‐1 neurons and the olfactory system
Authors: Toba Yoko , Tiong Jean D. , Ma Qing , Wray Susan
Published: January 2008

Stromal cell‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1) and its receptor CXCR4 influence neuronal migration and have been identified in nasal regions. Gonadotropin releasing hormone‐1 (GnRH‐1) neurons migrate from nasal regions into the developing forebrain, where postnatally they control reproduction. This study examined the role of SDF‐1/CXCR4 in development of the GnRH‐1/olfactory systems. Migrating GnRH‐1 neurons were CXCR4 immunopositive as were the fibers along which they migrate. SDF‐1 transcripts were detected in olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ, while SDF‐1 immunoreactivity highlighted the GnRH‐1 migratory pathway. CXCR4‐deficient mice showed a decrease in GnRH‐1 cells at the nasal forebrain junction and in brain, but the overall migratory pathway remained intact, no ectopic GnRH‐1 cells were detected and olfactory axons reached the olfactory bulb. To further characterize the influence of SDF‐1/CXCR4 in the GnRH‐1 system, nasal explants were used. CXCR4 expression in vitro was similar to that in vivo. SDF‐1 was detected in a dorsal midline cell cluster as well as in migrating GnRH‐1 cells. Treatment of explants with bicyclam AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, attenuated GnRH‐1 neuronal migration and sensory axon outgrowth. Moreover, the number of GnRH‐1 neurons in the explant periphery was reduced. The effects were blocked by coincubation with SDF‐1. Removal of midline SDF‐1 cells did not alter directional outgrowth of olfactory axons. These results indicate that SDF‐1/CXCR4 signaling in not necessary for olfactory axon guidance but rather influences sensory axon extension and GnRH‐1 neuronal migration, and maintains GnRH‐1 neuronal expression as the cells move away from nasal pit regions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2008
Developmental analysis of Lingo‐1/Lern1 protein expression in the mouse brain: Interaction of its intracellular domain with Myt1l
Authors: Llorens Franc , Gil Vanesa , Iraola Susana , Carim‐Todd Laura , Martí Eulàlia , Estivill Xavier , Soriano Eduardo , del Rio José Antonio , Sumoy Lauro
Published: January 2008

Lingo‐1 (also known as Lern1) is a component of the Nogo receptor complex that mediates intracellular signaling in response to myelin associated inhibitors (MAIs): NogoA, MAG, and Omgp. Signaling through Nogo receptor extends to more than its well known role in preventing axon regeneration after lesion in the CNS, being implicated in neuronal functional maturation. Using Lingo‐1‐deficient mice, it has been demonstrated that Lingo‐1 plays relevant roles in oligodendrocyte differentiation during brain development, and that treatment with Lingo‐1 antagonists can improve axon regeneration after lesion in adult mice by decreasing MAI mediated signaling. However, a detailed description of the pattern of expression of Lingo‐1 protein in correlation with the other partners of Nogo receptor is missing. Here, we show that components of the Nogo receptor complex, Lingo‐1, NgR1, p75, and TROY coexist in mouse brain in a defined time window only at later postnatal stages. We have also determined the Lingo‐1 distribution showing expression in particular subsets of neurons, but not in myelinating mature oligodendrocytes. Surprisingly, Lingo‐1 is expressed at early developmental stages without NgR1, which supports the notion that Lingo‐1 may participate in other activities in developing neurons different from oligodendrocyte maturation or axon extension inhibition in the adult. Finally, we propose that the intracellular domain of Lingo‐1 contributes to signaling and show that it interacts with the postmitotic neuronal specific zinc finger protein Myt1l, suggesting that Lingo‐1 may regulate Myt1l transcription factor activity by affecting its subcellular localization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2008
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Three Chiral Sodium‐Centered Polynuclear Copper(II) Clusters with L‐Alanine
Authors: Hu Sheng‐Min , Xiang Sheng‐Chang , Zhang Jian‐Jun , Sheng Tian‐Lu , Fu Rui‐Biao , Wu Xin‐Tao
Published: January 2008

By controlling the reactant proportion, three sodium‐centered polynuclear octahedral copper(II)–amino acid clusters, [Na⊂{Cu6(Ala)8(H2O)(ClO4)}]·4ClO4·4H2O (1), Na[Na⊂{Cu6(Ala)8(ClO4)}]2·9ClO4·8H2O (2), and [Na⊂{Cu5(Ala)6(H2O)3}]n·5n(ClO4)·3n(H2O) (3) (Ala = L‐alanine), were synthesized. The structures were characterized by X‐ray structure analysis. The structure of 1 can be described as an octahedron formed with six copper atoms in which four Cu(Ala)2 ligands bridge two axial copper ions and capture one Na+ in the center of the cage and that of 2 as an octahedral dimer that is linked by two carboxylate oxygen atoms. Complex 3 is a chain composed of incomplete octahedron [NaCu5] units linked together by two carboxylate oxygen atoms. The magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that all three clusters are ferromagnetic overall, although the intercluster interactions may be antiferromagnetic. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Impact of depressive symptoms on the rate of progression to dementia in patients affected by mild cognitive impairment. The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Panza Francesco , Capurso Cristiano , D'Introno Alessia , Colacicco Anna M. , Zenzola Annalisa , Menga Roberta , Pistoia Giuseppe , Santamato Andrea , Scafato Emanuele , Gandin Claudia , Capurso Antonio , Solfrizzi Vincenzo
Published: January 2008

Background

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often a prodromal of dementia and depressive symptoms have been suggested as risk factor for dementing disorders. We evaluated the possible impact of depressive symptoms on the rate of progression to dementia in MCI patients after a 3.5‐year follow‐up; and the interaction between depressive symptoms and vascular risk factors for conversion to dementia.

Methods

A total of 2,963 individuals from a sample of 5,632 65–84 year old subjects were evaluated at the first (1992–1993), and second survey (1995–1996) of the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ILSA), a prospective cohort study. MCI and dementia were classified using current clinical criteria. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale.

Results

Among the 2,963 participants, 139 prevalent MCI patients were diagnosed at the first survey. During the 3.5‐year follow‐up, 14 MCI patients progressed to dementia, and we did not find any significant relationship between depressive symptoms and rate of progression to dementia (RR 1.42, 95% CI, 0.48–4.23, χ2 0.40, p < 0.53). No socio‐demographic variables or vascular risk factors modified the association between depressive symptoms and conversion to dementia.

Conclusions

In our population, depressive symptoms were not associated with the rate of progression to dementia in MCI patients. Our findings did not support a role of socio‐demographic variables or vascular risk factors in the association of depressive symptoms and conversion to dementia. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fat intake at midlife and cognitive impairment later in life: a population‐based CAIDE study
Authors: Eskelinen Marjo H. , Ngandu Tiia , Helkala Eeva‐Liisa , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Nissinen Aulikki , Soininen Hilkka , Kivipelto Miia
Published: January 2008

Objective

To investigate the association of midlife dietary fat intake to cognitive performance, and to the occurrence of clinical mild cognitive impairment (MCI) later in life in a non‐demented population.

Design

A longitudinal population‐based study.

Setting

Populations of Kuopio and Joensuu, Eastern Finland.

Participants and methods

Participants of the CAIDE study were derived from random, population‐based samples studied at midlife (1972, 1977, 1982 or 1987). After an average follow‐up of 21 years, a total of 1449 (72%) individuals aged 65–80 years participated in the re‐examination in 1998. Altogether 82 (5.7%) people were diagnosed as having MCI. Dietary information was collected with a structured questionnaire and an interview at midlife.

Main outcome measures

MCI, global cognitive and executive functions, episodic, semantic and prospective memory and psychomotor speed.

Results

Abundant saturated fat (SFA) intake from milk products and spreads at midlife was associated with poorer global cognitive function and prospective memory and with an increased risk of MCI (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.17–4.74) after adjusting for demographic and vascular factors, other fats and ApoE. On the contrary, high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was associated with better semantic memory. Also frequent fish consumption was associated with better global cognitive function and semantic memory. Further, higher PUFA–SFA ratio was associated with better psychomotor speed and executive function.

Conclusions

Our data suggests that dietary fat intake at midlife affects cognitive performance and occurrence of MCI later in life. The impact of dietary interventions needs to be tested in clinical trials. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COX‐2 and p53 in human sinonasal cancer: COX‐2 expression is associated with adenocarcinoma histology and wood‐dust exposure
Authors: Holmila Reetta , Cyr Diane , Luce Danièle , Heikkilä Pirjo , Dictor Michael , Steiniche Torben , Stjernvall Tuula , Bornholdt Jette , Wallin Håkan , Wolff Henrik , Husgafvel‐Pursiainen Kirsti
Published: January 2008

The causal role of wood‐dust exposure in sinonasal cancer (SNC) has been established in epidemiological studies, but the mechanisms of SNC carcinogenesis are still largely unknown. Increased amounts of COX‐2 are found in both premalignant and malignant tissues, and experimental evidence link COX‐2 to development of cancer. Many signals that activate COX‐2 also induce tumor suppressor p53, a transcription factor central in cellular stress response. We investigated COX‐2 and p53 expressions by immunohistochemistry in 50 SNCs (23 adenocarcinomas, and 27 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC); 48 analyzed for COX‐2; 41 for p53). Occupational histories and smoking habits were available for majority of the cases. Most of the adenocarcinoma cases with exposure history data had been exposed to wood dust at work in the past (88%, 14/16). For smokers, 63% (12/19) presented with SSC, whereas 64% (7/11) of nonsmokers displayed adenocarcinoma. COX‐2 was expressed at higher levels in adenocarcinoma as compared to SSC (p < 0.001). COX‐2 expression showed significant association with occupational exposure to wood dust (p = 0.024), and with nonsmoking status (p = 0.001). No statistically significant associations between the exposures and p53 accumulation were found; however, the p53 accumulation pattern (p = 0.062 for wood dust exposure) resembled that of COX‐2 expression. In summary, our findings show increased COX‐2 expression in SNC adenocarcinoma with wood dust exposure, suggesting a role for inflammatory components in the carcinogenesis process. In contrast, SCCs predominated among smokers and expressed COX‐2 rarely; this may suggest at least partially different molecular mechanisms. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treating patients with two or more personality disorders: an introduction
Authors: Dimaggio Giancarlo , Norcross John C.
Published: January 2008

A high percentage of patients diagnosed with one personality disorder (PD) have, at the same time, at least one other PD. However, psychotherapists lack clinical guidance and research evidence on treating such complex patients. This issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session attempts to bridge the gap. In this Introduction, the editors outline the subsequent articles in this issue and address the terminology, prevalence, and possible causes of Axis II comorbidity. They argue that comorbidity is, in part, ascribable to problems in classification systems and can be reduced by defining PDs in a more multifaceted manner. They provide several clinical vignettes to portray frequent difficulties encountered by psychotherapists in treating these complex, co‐occurrent cases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64: 1–12, 2008.
Combination of anorganic bovine‐derived hydroxyapatite with binding peptide does not enhance bone healing in a critical‐size defect in a rabbit model
Authors: Sarahrudi Kambiz , Mousavi Mehdi , Grossschmidt Karl , Sela Nezir , König Franz , Vécsei Vilmos , Aharinejad Seyedhossein
Published: January 2008

Anorganic bovine‐derived hydroxyapatite (ABM) in combination with binding peptid (P‐15) has demonstrated the capacity to improve the healing of periodontal defects. This study evaluated the benefit of ABM/P‐15 to promote healing of cortical long bone defects in a rabbit model. A 5‐mm segmental bone defect was created in the femur and fixed with a plate. There were two treatment groups: no implant (n = 12) and ABM/P‐15 (n = 12). At 4, 8, and 12 weeks, healing of the defect was evaluated with radiographs and histomorphometric examination of the treated femora. After 4 weeks, radiographs showed bone formation without signs of complete consolidation in three of four animals in the control group and two of four ABM/P‐15 treated animals. At the later course of the treatment, no radiologic difference was evident between the treatment groups. Histomorphometric evaluation revealed an area of 1.29 ± 0.11 mm2 and 0.97 ± 0.21 mm2 of newly produced bone in animals of the control group and ABM/P‐15 group after 4 weeks. After 8 and 12 weeks, animals in the control group had an area of 2.44 ± 0.62 mm2 and 2.5 ± 0.2 mm2 of newly produced bone within the osteotomy gap compared to 1.6 ± 0.65 mm2 and 1.56 ± 0.27 mm2 in the ABM/P‐15 group (p = 0.0004). An enhanced or accelerated ingrowth of bone, as reported in previous studies, was not observed. Our results imply that the ABM/P‐15 is not a suitable graft for the treatment of critical‐sized segmental defects in long bones. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:759–763, 2008
Adhesions in a murine flexor tendon graft model: Autograft versus allograft reconstruction
Authors: Hasslund Sys , Jacobson Justin A. , Dadali Tulin , Basile Patrick , Ulrich‐Vinther Michael , Søballe Kjeld , Schwarz Edward M. , O'Keefe Regis J. , Mitten David J. , Awad Hani A.
Published: January 2008

Reconstruction of flexor tendons often results in adhesions that compromise joint flexion. Little is known about the factors involved in the formation of flexor tendon graft adhesions. In this study, we developed and characterized a novel mouse model of flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon reconstruction with live autografts or reconstituted freeze‐dried allografts. Grafted tendons were evaluated at multiple time points up to 84 days post‐reconstruction. To assess the flexion range of the metatarsophalangeal joint, we developed a quantitative outcome measure proportional to the resistance to tendon gliding due to adhesions, which we termed the Gliding Coefficient. At 14 days post‐grafting, the Gliding Coefficient was 29‐ and 26‐fold greater than normal FDL tendon for both autografts and allografts, respectively (p < 0.001), and subsequently doubled for 28‐day autografts. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in maximum tensile force or stiffness between live autograft and freeze‐dried allograft repairs over time. Histologically, autograft healing was characterized by extensive remodeling and exuberant scarring around both the ends and the body of the graft, whereas allograft scarring was abundant only near the graft–host junctions. Gene expression of GDF‐5 and VEGF were significantly increased in 28‐day autografts compared to allografts and to normal tendons. These results suggest that the biomechanical advantages for tendon reconstruction using live autografts over devitalized allografts are minimal. This mouse model can be useful in elucidating the molecular mechanisms in tendon repair and can aid in preliminary screening of molecular treatments of flexor tendon adhesions. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:824–833, 2008
Measurement of bone blood flow using the hydrogen washout Technique—Part I: Quantitative evaluation of tissue perfusion in the laboratory rat
Authors: Pelzer Michael , Larsen Mikko , Friedrich Patricia F. , Bishop Allen T.
Published: January 2008

The measurement of blood flow in bone is of interest in both clinical and experimental settings. Such determinations would ideally provide accurate, quantitative, and reproducible data with relatively simple and safe technology, even in the small bones of experimental animals. Methods that provide absolute or quantitative measurements include positron emission tomography, “isotope fractioning” using radioactive or fluorescent‐labeled microspheres, and measurement of the rate of washout of diffusible tracers delivered either by injection or inhalation. In this article, we describe in detail a modification of the original Whiteside hydrogen washout technique, using modern hydrogen sensors, a micromanipulator for probe placement, and custom software that greatly simplifies blood flow determination and is effective in the small bones of experimental animals. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:741–745, 2008
On some geometric and topological properties of generalized Orlicz–Lorentz sequence spaces
Authors: Foralewski Paweł , Hudzik Henryk , Szymaszkiewicz Lucjan
Published: January 2008

Generalized Orlicz–Lorentz sequence spaces λφ generated by Musielak‐Orlicz functions φ satisfying some growth and regularity conditions (see [28] and [33]) are investigated. A regularity condition δλ 2 for φ is defined in such a way that it guarantees many positive topological and geometric properties of λφ. The problems of the Fatou property, the order continuity and the Kadec–Klee property with respect to the uniform convergence of the space λφ are considered. Moreover, some embeddings between λφ and their two subspaces are established and strict monotonicity as well as lower and upper local uniform monotonicities are characterized. Finally, necessary and sufficient conditions for rotundity of λφ, their subspaces of order continuous elements and finite dimensional subspaces are presented. This paper generalizes the results from [19], [4] and [17]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lieb–Thirring inequalities for higher order differential operators
Authors: Förster Clemens , Östensson Jörgen
Published: January 2008

We derive Lieb–Thirring inequalities for the Riesz means of eigenvalues of order γ ≥ 3/4 for a fourth order operator in arbitrary dimensions. We also consider some extensions to polyharmonic operators, and to systems of such operators, in dimensions greater than one. For the critical case γ = 1 – 1/(2l) in dimension d = 1 with l ≥ 2 we prove the inequality L0l,γ,d < Ll,γ,d , which holds in contrast to current conjectures. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Drug‐induced and psychogenic resting suprahyoid neck and tongue tremors
Authors: Baik Jong Sam , Lyoo Chul H. , Lee Jae H. , Lee Myung Sik
Published: January 2008

We describe three patients who presented with 4 to 5 Hz tremors of the suprahyoid region of the neck. Two developed their tremors in association with levosulpiride treatment. When they opened their mouths, the neck tremors disappeared; no tongue tremors were observed. However, a videofluoroscopic examination showed the presence of tongue tremors at rest. The remaining patient had a psychogenic tremor. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
American put option with regime‐switching volatility (finite time horizon)—Variational inequality approach
Authors: Yi Fahuai
Published: January 2008

We study the fair price of American put option with regime‐switching volatility. Assuming that volatility σ(t) takes two different values σ1 and σ2, applying Δ hedging technique we obtain a system of evolutionary variational inequalities, which possesses two free boundaries (optimal exercise boundaries). The following are the main results of this paper.

Two free boundaries are monotonic and infinitely differentiable.

The optimal exercise boundary of American put option with regime‐switching volatility in the bearish (or bullish) market is smaller (or higher) than the one of standard American put option.

And the price of American put option with regime‐switching volatility in the bearish (or bullish) market is higher (or smaller) than the one of standard American put option.

The solution of problem (1) is unique.

These results are original in the option pricing with regime‐switching volatility, the proof is technical. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.