bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impacts of the American-Chinese Trade War and COVID-19 Pandemic on Taiwan’s Sales in Semiconductor Industry
Authors: Kempf Tristan , Bobek Vito , Horvat Tatjana
Published: March 2021

The following paper deals with the American Chinese trade war and its impacts on Taiwan’s economy, particularly sales in Taiwan’s semiconductor industry. Indeed, trade tensions impact global supply chains, especially in the semiconductor industry, since its supply chain is highly globalized and dependent on many companies in various countries. Hence, the industry is susceptible to trade disruptions. With the largest microchip manufacturer TSMC, Taiwan is one of the key players in the fabrication of microchips. It has strong cultural, geographical, and economic ties to China and, on the other hand, strong economic and military relations to the United States. A trade war between those two countries is an enormous future challenge for the island. However, this paper proves that trade tensions had a lower-than-expected impact on Taiwan’s economy and the microchip industry. Due to capital that diverted from China to Taiwan and investments from Taiwanese companies in other countries like the USA. Additionally, Taiwan handled the Covid-19 pandemic extraordinarily well and therefore did not have any significant economic restrictions in the domestic market. Now it depends on the future action steps of the Taiwanese industry and government. If Taiwan manages to steer outgoing companies from China to Taiwan, the island could emerge as the surprise winner of the trade dispute. For this purpose, the paper gives concrete recommendations on how to increase the attractiveness for FDI through tax benefits or infrastructure investments.
The Assessment of Soil Fertility Index for Evaluation of Rice Production in Karanganyar Regency
Authors: Prastiwi Prastiwi , Sumani Sumani , Slamet Minardi , Suntoro Suntoro , Suntoro Supriyadi
Published: March 2021

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a very important food crop because the result is used as a staple food for residents in Indonesia. Higher food fulfillment leads to the increase of rice production of the Mojogedang sub-district. Paddy fields that have high soil fertility will produce good rice productivity. Rice fields in Mojogedang Sub-district are managed with organic systems and conventional systems, the management of different fields of rice field certainly affects the level of fertility in the paddy fields so it is necessary to evaluate the soil fertility index. The survey area consists of 10 points with organic and conventional management systems. The parameters taken include chemical and biological properties of soil, including; pH, redox potential, C-organic, CEC, base saturation, P available, available K, N Total, C/N ratio, and total microbial. The data obtained by performed analysis of the main component principal component analysis (PCA) using statistical applications. Then after complete the calculation of The Soil Fertility Index (SFI) at each point and management system. The results of statistical analysis obtained soil Fertility Index on organic management systems have a class of 4 or very high and in conventional management systems have a class of 3 or High. The value of the index obtained is strongly influenced by the K indicator available where the indicator has a noticeable effect on the various management systems. Increased soil fertility index due to the use of manure that can improve plant nutrients and applied for long periods.
Das Erziehungsprinzip im Jugendstrafrecht – eine Diskussion zu Pro und Contra
Authors: Ostendorf Heribert
Published: March 2021

Das Erziehungsprinzip ist der zentrale Topos im Jugendkriminalrecht. Der konkrete Inhalt ist allerdings unbestimmt. Dementsprechend lassen sich mit dem Erziehungsgedanken Strafen abwehren, es lassen sich damit aber auch Strafen begründen. In dem Beitrag werden Vor- und Nachteile des Erziehungsprinzips abgewogen. Im Ergebnis wird ein jugendadäquates Präventionsstrafrecht proklamiert.
Mangrove Ecosystem Restoration after Oil Spill: Bioremediation, Phytoremediation, Biofibers and Phycoremediation
Authors: Thiago Andrade Moreira Ícaro , Karina Maia Cardoso Célia , Daiane Serafim Santos Franco Evelin , Machado Marques Isadora , Mara Hadlich Gisele , Fernando de Souza Queiroz Antônio , Katerine de Carvalho Lima Lobato Ana , Maria Cordeiro de Oliveira Olívia
Published: March 2021

Environmental accidents involving spills of oil and its derivatives in mangroves present themselves as difficult problems to be solved in the short term, as for example in the construction of emergency strategies to combat the arrival of oil stains and fragments. Petroleum its derivatives and the residues generated in this chain, have a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and are considered dangerous substances. This mixture is difficult to degrade and can cause multiple problems in the ecosystem. Our developed biofiber barrier removes oil more than five times in relation to its mass in a simple way and in a short time. However when the spilled oil reaches the mangroves, other biotechnologies were developed and applied such as phytoremediation (87% efficiency), the use of microalgae (94% efficiency) and the use of fungi and bacteria (70% efficiency). This chapter will present biotechnologies developed, patented and applied in cases of oil spills in tropical mangrove of Brazil. These generated biotechnologies have been applied together with civil society in tropical ecosystems that were hit by the Venezuelan oil spill in 2019. The use of advanced molecular biology (studies of genomics, transcriptome, proteomics and metabolomics) in the biotechnologies presented has shown a promising path to faster, viable economically and ecologically correct mangrove restoration.
La dimensión constitucional del principio de transparencia y el derecho de información activa
Authors: Ruiz-Rico Ruiz Gerardo
Published: March 2021

La transparencia y el derecho a la información son elementos esenciales en un Estado democrático de derecho. Pero la ausencia por lo general en los textos constitucionales de una formulación explícita de estos principios no es un obstáculo para reconocer su vinculación con principios y derechos constitucionales. La información además es un principio que genera un conjunto de obligaciones para las instituciones públicas, y especialmente a las judiciales y administrativas (información activa). La Ley 19/2013, de 9 de diciembre, de transparencia, acceso a la información pública y buen gobierno representa una iniciativa importante, si bien sólo parcialmente innovadora. La «información activa» se configura como un principio instrumental y obligatorio para las Administraciones públicas, si bien no como un derecho accionable por el ciudadano. El Consejo de Transparencia y Buen Gobierno se convierte en la principal garantía de las obligaciones de información activa que impone la Ley de 2013. El principio de transparencia se aplica igualmente, aunque con algunas especialidades, en la Administración de Justicia. Sin embargo, la relevancia progresiva del principio de trasparencia no permite afirmar la existencia de un verdadero derecho fundamental a la información activa; aunque se pueden defender argumentos que refuerzan su potencialidad jurídica. Finalmente se hace un balance crítico de los déficits y mejoras que necesitaría la vigente legislación.
Polonia ante el principio de confianza mutua en el Espacio de Libertad, Seguridad y Justicia de la UE
Authors: Bazylińska-Nagler Justyna
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo, basado en la jurisprudencia reciente del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, del Tribunal de Derechos Humanos y de la literatura sobre el tema, se describe el principio de confianza mutua en relación con el nivel de protección de los derechos fundamentales, y en particular con el derecho a un juicio justo, en los Estados miembros. El principio de la confianza mutua como «piedra angular» de toda la cooperación judicial en el Espacio de Libertad, Seguridad y Justicia de la Unión Europea dimana de la convicción mutua de que el Estado de Derecho es el fundamento de la integración europea. Mientras tanto, el Tribunal de Justicia de la UE se ha ocupado recientemente de cinco casos relativos a la independencia del poder judicial polaco104. De ello se desprende que Polonia no respeta plenamente el principio de protección jurídica efectiva expresado en el párrafo 1 del artículo 19 del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea. Además, tampoco garantiza el derecho a un juicio justo según el artículo 47 de la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la UE. Por consiguiente, se plantea la cuestión de los límites de la confianza mutua entre las autoridades judiciales de la UE cuando un Estado miembro no respeta las normas reconocidas por los demás. En el caso C-216/18 PPU, LM, el Tribunal se refirió por primera vez, mediante un fallo preliminar, a los cambios sistémicos en el sistema de justicia de Polonia que socavaban la confianza del tribunal irlandés que ejecutaba la orden de detención europea según las normas procesales polacas. Motivado por la jurisprudencia de Estrasburgo y las posiciones de los tribunales de los Estados miembros, el Tribunal aceptó la revisión judicial dispersa del respeto de los derechos fundamentales en los Estados miembros de la UE. Basándose en sus decisiones en los casos: C-411/10 y C-493/10 N.S. y C-404/15, Aranyosi y Căldăraru, el Tribunal en el caso del PPU, LM indicó los pasos a seguir por el tribunal de ejecución de la orden de detención europea en caso de dudas sobre la imparcialidad del juicio en el estado emisor. En los casos analizados a este respecto involucrando a Polonia, el Tribunal, por una parte, contrarrestó el riesgo deuna suspensión general de la confianza mutua en relación con uno de los miembros de la Unión Europea y, por otra parte, contrarrestó el riesgode normas diferentes de protección del derecho fundamental a un juicio justo. En conclusión, corresponde a los tribunales nacionales examinar con equidad si el tribunal del Estado miembro cuya decisión procesal les corresponde ejecutar ha llevado a cabo todos los actos exigidos de conformidad con la letra de la ley. La jurisprudencia en los casos polacos refuerza la convicción de esos tribunales nacionales de que la presunción de observancia del derecho a un juicio justo en Polonia es refutable, por lo que la confianza en las normas procesales polacas debe ser limitada.
Procedimientos colectivos en el Derecho Comparado latinoamericano: el caso de Chile y México
Authors: González Quintero Rodrigo , Sarmiento Lamus Andrés
Published: March 2021

Este artículo explora el régimen jurídico de los procedimientos colectivos en el derecho comparado latinoamericano, en específico los de Chile y México. Para ese propósito hace un barrido de la doctrina especializada sobre dichos mecanismos procesales, la cual ha identificado sus fortalezas y problemas. Así mismo se explica el modelo de Estados Unidos, debido a que es la jurisdicción donde estos instrumentos surgieron bajo la denominación de class actions. Y al revisar los regímenes chileno y mexicano se concluye que éstos se enmarcan dentro de una tendencia existente en el derecho occidental, en cuanto limitar el alcance de tales instrumentos procesales.
Trascendiendo formulaciones trinitarias: hacia una teoría conceptual de los órganos constitucionales autónomos en la división de poderes en México
Authors: Rivera León Mauro Arturo
Published: March 2021

En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis de la evolución de la división de poderes en el constitucionalismo mexicano hasta la consagración de los llamados «órganos constitucionales autónomos» (OCA). Se analiza el origen y concepto de los OCA y las imprecisiones definitorias del préstamo conceptual de la doctrina constitucional mexicana de los «órganos constitucionales » en la doctrina española. Finalmente, se propone una noción propia de los órganos constitucionales autónomos que caracterizándolos como administraciones independientes e instituciones no mayoritarias constitucionalizadas, ofrece lineamientos para su identificación.
Caracterização ambiental e socioeconômica da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Branco e Colorado, Rondônia, Brasil
Authors: Cota Thalitta Silva , Caramello Nubia Deborah Araújo , Sccoti Marta Silvana Volpato
Published: March 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever as características ambientais e socioeconômica da Bacia do Rio Branco e Colorado, no intuito de identificar a organização desse território quanto ao uso dos recursos naturais. A caracterização da Bacia foi realizada por meio de levantamento bibliográficos, artigos científicos, base de dados institucionais, contemplando uma breve discussão quali-quantitativa dos aspectos ambientais (geomorfologia, solo e organização territorial) e socioeconômicos (movimentos migratórios, caracterização demografica e atividades econômicas). A Bacia é caracterizada pelos domínios geomorfológicos Depressão do rio Guaporé, Planície Fluvial do rio Guaporé e Planalto e Chapada dos Parecis que são determinadas pelas altitudes do terreno, com solos favoráveis a aptidão agrícola. Estão inseridas na Bacia duas Unidades de Conservação, sendo uma Quilombola, além de duas Terras Indígenas. Essas áreas são importantes habitats para a conservação da vida silvestre e preservação dos recursos hídricos na região. Os municípios com maior área territorial e densidade demográfica inseridos na Bacia são Alta Floresta D’Oeste, São Francisco D’Oeste, Santa Luzia D’Oeste e Alto Alegre dos Parecis. De forma geral os residentes estão localizados na área rural dos municípios, o que proporciona maior uso dos recursos hídricos, utilizando o solo de forma integrada com várias propostas de cadeia produtiva, agrícola e agropecuária, com destaque ao café, soja, milho, pecuária de corte e piscicultura, além da geração de energia elétrica, com a instalação de 8 PCHs, possibilitando o desenvolvimento socioeconômico da Bacia.
Tecnologias para tratamento aeróbio de resíduos sólidos orgânicos domiciliares
Authors: Gomes Ivanise , Silva Mônica Maria Pereira da , Gomes Rosilene Barros , Farias Fernando Luiz Barbosa , Araujo Elaine Cristina dos Santos , Barros Adrianne Teixeira
Published: March 2021

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver e adaptar tecnologias de tratamento biológico aeróbio de resíduos sólidos orgânicos domiciliares, de maneira a favorecer a implantação em domicílios e condomínios contemplando os princípios de sustentabilidade e tecnologia social. O trabalho foi dividido em cinco etapas:  Contato com as famílias; Estruturação e montagem da área experimental; Desenvolvimento e adaptação de tecnologias para tratamento biológico aeróbio de resíduos sólidos orgânicos; Coleta dos resíduos sólidos orgânicos nas residências; Tratamentos dos resíduos sólidos orgânicos.    Este tipo de resíduo apresenta altos valores de matéria orgânica e de umidade, além de organismos patógenos.  Foram adotados dois modelos de tecnologia de tratamento: composteira de polietileno cilíndrica (CPC) e composteira de alumínio retangular (CAR). As tecnologias de tratamento apresentaram comportamento diferenciado em relação à diversidade de organismos e em relação aos parâmetros físicos e químicos, verificando-se que a configuração das composteiras tem influência sobre os mesmos. Ao considerar o tempo de estabilização, facilidade de operação, aplicação em pequena escala e a qualidade do composto final, o modelo CPC mostrou-se mais eficiente. Portanto, as tecnologias estudadas foram viáveis ao alcance dos objetivos esperados para o tratamento biológico aeróbio de resíduos sólidos orgânicos domiciliares: estabilização e higienização da parcela orgânica com espaço de tempo médio inferior a 80 dias.
Status do conhecimento tradicional sobre camarões peneídeos e carcinofauna acompanhante no Brasil: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Braga Adriane Cristina Araújo , Zappes Camilah Antunes
Published: March 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o status de informações presentes na literatura relacionada ao conhecimento de pescadores sobre camarões peneídeos e carcinofauna acompanhante de áreas costeiras e na plataforma continental do Brasil. Para obtenção dos dados foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos, teses e dissertações sobre o tema. No total foram encontrados 12 estudos, sendo oito (08) artigos publicados em revistas com corpo editorial, três (03) dissertações de mestrado e uma (01) tese de doutorado, distribuídos pelas regiões Sudeste (n = 06); Nordeste (n = 06) e Sul (n = 02) do país. O número de estudos por regiões (n = 14) é maior que o número total de trabalhos (n = 12), pois uma mesma pesquisa era realizada em mais de uma região. No total foram registradas sete famílias distribuídas em 11 gêneros e 13 espécies de crustáceos. Os camarões sete-barbas (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri), branco (Litopenaeus schimitti) e rosa (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis) foram os mais abordados nos estudos. Outros crustáceos como, caranguejos, siris, lagostas, ermitão (búzios/caramujos) e camarão carídeo (mãezinha/camarão-espinho) foram citados como fauna acompanhante da pesca de camarões. A partir desta revisão é possível identificar que os crustáceos mais descritos via conhecimento tradicional são também os recursos pesqueiros mais explorados comercialmente. Desta forma, a compreensão do saber local de comunidades pesqueiras pode ser uma ferramenta útil na obtenção de informações de ocorrência de espécies de crustáceos para estatística pesqueira o que contribui com ações de manejo da pesca de áreas costeiras e da plataforma continental brasileira.
Um passeio estatístico aplicado às medidas governamentais: incentivo a vacinação contra raiva em bovinos, na região central do estado Rondônia
Authors: Silva Rafael Luis da , Nogueira Flavia da Silva , Fernandes Fabio Herrera
Published: March 2021

A raiva é uma zoonose, uma doença infecciosa que afeta tanto seres humanos quanto animais, causando surtos clínicos e não tem cura. É considerada uma das zoonoses de maior importância em Saúde Pública, é transmitida pela mordida de um animal contaminado e/ou pela manipulação de animais doentes, ocorrendo à transmissão através da saliva. É uma ameaça ativa à saúde da população, especialmente em áreas rurais, onde há vários vetores para a sua transmissão. Sua relevância não é só nacional, mas também mundial, uma vez que tem gerado prejuízos incalculáveis à pecuária, acarretando grandes perdas econômicas. O presente estudo objetivou diagnosticar e analisar a variação da taxa de vacinação de bovinos contra raiva no município de Presidente Médici, estado de Rondônia nos anos de 2010 a 2015, a partir da incorporação de uma simples pergunta, como uma das formas de incentivo a vacinação. Desta forma, exibindo a efetividade desta medida de intervenção, adotado pelo governo do estado de Rondônia, com o intuito de estimular a vacinação contra raiva em bovinos. Para o levantamento das informações, buscou-se no banco de dados no Sistema de Informação da Agência IDARON-SISIDARON e de posse dessas informações, usando uma metodologia de cunho quantitativo/descritivo/documental, os dados foram analisados e demonstraram que, a partir de 2014, data da incorporação da medida, o nível de animais vacinados e declarados cresceram de forma abrupta, cerca de 144% em relação ao ano anterior, e no ano seguinte, houve outro crescimento, de 34,16%, ao passo que o crescimento médio populacional/ano dos bovinos foi 3,16%. Portanto, é importante mencionar a eficiência, eficácia e a efetividade desta medida, não só no município, mas também em todo o Estado de Rondônia, revelando como uma simples medida influenciou de maneira crucial a taxa de vacinação numa região, acarretando-se numa cobertura vacinal significativa comparada com a que existia anteriormente.
Avaliação da qualidade de potabilidade da água subterrânea em áreas rurais no município de Humaitá/AM
Authors: Ferreira Laura Almeida , Pimentel Elizabeth Tavares , Silva Rafael Bel Prestes da , Santos Aldecy de Almeida
Published: March 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as características físicas, químicas e microbiológicas, da água subterrânea dos poços de abastecimento das comunidades rurais do município de Humaitá (AM) – em terras firmes (Ipixuna e Realidade) e em várzea (Paraíso Grande) – visando fornecer dados como subsídio para segurança hídrica e comparar com os padrões de potabilidade. Foram realizadas duas coletas, uma no período de seca, em agosto de 2017, e outra no período de chuva, em março de 2018. Foram analisados parâmetros físicos (temperatura, cor, condutividade, turbidez e sólidos totais dissolvidos), químicos (pH, alcalinidade, dureza, cloreto, nitrito, nitrato, ferro, manganês e sulfato) e microbiológicos (coliformes termotolerantes e Escherichia coli). Os resultados apresentaram valores inferiores aos limites estabelecidos pela Portaria de Consolidação Nº 5 do Ministério da Saúde, exceto o parâmetro cor da amostra da comunidade rural do Paraíso Grande e o parâmetro pH, sendo inferior em todas as comunidades. Considera-se que a composição da formação de depósitos aluvionares que possui a presença de ferro e matéria orgânica, tenha alterado a cor da água da comunidade Paraíso Grande. Por fim, os poços nas áreas de terra firme apresentaram uma qualidade melhor da água subterrânea do que os poços da área de várzea, provavelmente pela característica geológica.
Mot de bienvenue adressé aux participants Colloque du GIRA 30 novembre 2018. Nous avions un rêve…
Authors: Couture Carol
Published: March 2021

En ouverture du 8e Symposium du GIRA, on rappelle ici le contexte dans lequel a été créé le Groupe interdisciplinaire de recherche en archivistique. Au milieu des années 1980, l’auteur et deux de ses collègues, Jacques Ducharme et Jean-Yves Rousseau, avaient un rêve : développer davantage la recherche dans leur domaine d’activité. Ils étaient « … convaincus que l’archivistique ne saurait se développer véritablement sans des activités de recherche fondamentale et appliquée… [et voulaient donc] créer un milieu propice à la recherche ». C’est dans cet esprit qu’en 1987, ils ont mis sur pied le GIRA.
Préservation audiovisuelle et histoire culturelle du cinéma : quels dialogues sont possibles ?
Authors: Besson Rémy
Published: March 2021

L’hypothèse explorée dans cet article est que, depuis une dizaine d’années, les historien(ne)s francophones travaillant sur les images animées ont changé leur rapport aux archives. Ils seraient passés d’un rapport à un objet (les archives du cinéma) à un rapport à un ensemble de pratiques (les recherches portant sur les archives du cinéma). Dit autrement, nous nous penchons sur le passage, dans la recherche, d’un questionnement centré sur les rapports des historien(ne)s qui étudient le cinéma avec les archives à un questionnement centré sur les rapports qu’entretiennent les historien(ne)s qui étudient le cinéma avec les chercheurs qui étudient les archives.
Le projet 1142 : mise en place de nouveaux espaces numériques de travail à l’Université de Montréal1
Authors: Bourhis Taïk
Published: March 2021

C’est avec le slogan « Votre espace numérique de travail passe à une nouvelle ère ! » que le projet 1142 intitulé « Service de répertoire individuel et de partage de fichiers » de l’Université de Montréal (UdeM) a été lancé officiellement le 4 avril 2017. Instauré par les Technologies de l’information (TI) et réalisé en collaboration avec la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives (DGDA) de l’UdeM, il vise un double objectif : d’une part, offrir de nouveaux espaces numériques de travail conviviaux et performants au personnel (l’espace unité DocUM et l’espace utilisateur OneDrive Entreprise) et d’autre part, structurer l’espace unité DocUM afin d’en faciliter la gestion au moyen du Système officiel de classification (SOC). Cet article présente les différentes étapes de réalisation de ce projet ainsi que les nombreux défis qui ont dû être relevés pour apporter des solutions aux problèmes liés à la gestion des données non structurées de l’UdeM.
An Author’s Delusion in Victorian Canada: Richard Maurice Bucke and Transnational Publishing of Popular Science
Authors: Connor Jennifer J.
Published: March 2021

We know little about the transnational publishing experience of authors of books about scientific topics in Canada. This study therefore explores the nineteenth-century publication of a Canadian author’s manuscript in the United States and Great Britain: Man’s Moral Nature (1879) by Ontario physician Richard Maurice Bucke. Although this book is relatively unknown, Bucke’s personal records about this, his first book, provide insights into publishing processes, from finding a publisher through to understanding book production and copyright. As the book’s reception shows, Bucke not only was unable to position his scientifically-oriented book for his intended general readership but he also received criticism from medical colleagues for his attempt. Bucke’s emphasis on obtaining a North American readership, however, adds further evidence of a continental market described by book history scholars.
Diversity and asynchrony in soil microbial communities stabilizes ecosystem functioning
Authors: Wagg Cameron , Hautier Yann , Pellkofer Sarah , Banerjee Samiran , Schmid Bernhard , van der Heijden Marcel GA
Published: March 2021

Theoretical and empirical advances have revealed the importance of biodiversity for stabilizing ecosystem functions through time. Despite the global degradation of soils, whether the loss of soil microbial diversity can destabilize ecosystem functioning is poorly understood. Here, we experimentally quantified the contribution of soil fungal and bacterial communities to the temporal stability of four key ecosystem functions related to biogeochemical cycling. Microbial diversity enhanced the temporal stability of all ecosystem functions and this pattern was particularly strong in plant-soil mesocosms with reduced microbial richness where over 50% of microbial taxa were lost. The stabilizing effect of soil biodiversity was linked to asynchrony among microbial taxa whereby different soil fungi and bacteria promoted different ecosystem functions at different times. Our results emphasize the need to conserve soil biodiversity for the provisioning of multiple ecosystem functions that soils provide to the society.
Prolonging the integrated stress response enhances CNS remyelination in an inflammatory environment
Authors: Chen Yanan , Kunjamma Rejani B , Weiner Molly , Chan Jonah R , Popko Brian
Published: March 2021

The inflammatory environment of demyelinated lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients contributes to remyelination failure. Inflammation activates a cytoprotective pathway, the integrated stress response (ISR), but it remains unclear whether enhancing the ISR can improve remyelination in an inflammatory environment. To examine this possibility, the remyelination stage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as well as a mouse model that incorporates cuprizone-induced demyelination along with CNS delivery of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ were used here. We demonstrate that either genetic or pharmacological ISR enhancement significantly increased the number of remyelinating oligodendrocytes and remyelinated axons in the inflammatory lesions. Moreover, the combined treatment of the ISR modulator Sephin1 with the oligodendrocyte differentiation enhancing reagent bazedoxifene increased myelin thickness of remyelinated axons to pre-lesion levels. Taken together, our findings indicate that prolonging the ISR protects remyelinating oligodendrocytes and promotes remyelination in the presence of inflammation, suggesting that ISR enhancement may provide reparative benefit to MS patients.
The recycling endosome protein Rab25 coordinates collective cell movements in the zebrafish surface epithelium
Authors: Willoughby Patrick Morley , Allen Molly , Yu Jessica , Korytnikov Roman , Chen Tianhui , Liu Yupeng , So Isis , Wan Haoyu , Macpherson Neil , Mitchell Jennifer A , Fernandez-Gonzalez Rodrigo , Bruce Ashley EE
Published: March 2021

In emerging epithelial tissues, cells undergo dramatic rearrangements to promote tissue shape changes. Dividing cells remain interconnected via transient cytokinetic bridges. Bridges are cleaved during abscission and currently, the consequences of disrupting abscission in developing epithelia are not well understood. We show that the Rab GTPase Rab25 localizes near cytokinetic midbodies and likely coordinates abscission through endomembrane trafficking in the epithelium of the zebrafish gastrula during epiboly. In maternal-zygotic Rab25a and Rab25b mutant embryos, morphogenic activity tears open persistent apical cytokinetic bridges that failed to undergo timely abscission. Cytokinesis defects result in anisotropic cell morphologies that are associated with a reduction of contractile actomyosin networks. This slows cell rearrangements and alters the viscoelastic responses of the tissue, all of which likely contribute to delayed epiboly. We present a model in which Rab25 trafficking coordinates cytokinetic bridge abscission and cortical actin density, impacting local cell shape changes and tissue-scale forces.
Laboratory-based surveillance of Shigella spp. from human clinical cases in Colombia, 1997-2018
Authors: Rodríguez Edna Catering , Bautista Adriana Marcela , Montaño Lucy Angeline , Ovalle María Victoria , Correa Francia Patricia
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Shigellosis is endemic in low-and middle-income countries, causing approximately 125 million episodes of diarrhea and leading to approximately 160 .000 deaths annually one-third of which is associated with children.Objective: To describe the characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shigella species recovered in Colombia from 1997 to 2018.Materials and methods: We received isolates from laboratories in 29 Colombian departments. We serotyped with specific antiserum and determined antimicrobial resistance and minimal inhibitory concentrations for ten antibiotics with Kirby-Bauer tests following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations.Results: We analyzed 5,251 isolates of Shigella spp., most of them obtained from stools (96.4%); 2,511 (47.8%) were from children under five years of age. The two most common species were S. sonnei (55.1%) and S. flexneri (41.7%). The highest resistance rate was that of tetracycline (88.1%) followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (79.3%) and ampicillin (65.5%); 50.8% of isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, 43.6% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and less than 1% to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. In S. sonnei, the most common resistance profile corresponded to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (92%) whereas in S. flexneri the most common antibiotic profiles were multidrug resistance.Conclusions. In Colombia, children under five years are affected by all Shigella species. These findings should guide funders and public health officials to make evidence based decisions for protection and prevention measures. The antimicrobial resistance characteristics found in this study underline the importance of combating the dissemination of the most frequently isolated species, S. sonnei and S. flexneri.
Detección de Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) en ovitrampas en Mérida, México
Authors: González-Olvera Gabriela , Morales-Rodríguez Magallly , Bibiano-Marín Wilbert , Palacio-Vargas Jorge , Contreras-Perera Yamili , Martín-Park Abdiel , Che-Mendoza Azael , Torres-Castro Marco , Correa-Morales Fabián , Huerta-Jiménez Herón , Mis-Ávila Pedro , Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo , Manrique-Saide Pablo
Published: March 2021

Introducción. El programa de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en México tiene una red establecida de ovitrampas para la vigilancia entomológica de Aedes spp. Los servicios de salud del estado de Yucatán, en respuesta a reportes de Aedes albopictus en la periferia de Mérida, capital del estado, incrementaron la especificidad de dicha vigilancia.Objetivo. Describir la presencia y distribución de Ae. albopictus en Mérida y su abundancia relativa comparada con Aedes aegypti, en ovitrampas del programa de control de vectores.Materiales y métodos. Durante octubre de 2019, se seleccionaron al azar 91 ovitrampas en 31 barrios de Mérida. Los mosquitos adultos se obtuvieron del insectario de la Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán a partir de huevos recolectados en campo. Se determinó la abundancia relativa de individuos adultos de cada especie identificada y por barrios evaluados.Resultados. En el 32 % de los barrios muestreados, se detectó Ae. albopictus y, en todos ellos, Ae. aegypti. Se recolectaron 28 adultos de Ae. albopictus (10 hembras y 18 machos) en las ovitrampas. No se observó correlación entre la abundancia de adultos ni de hembras Ae. aegypti y Ae. albopictus por barrio (p>0,05).Conclusiones. Los resultados confirmaron que Ae. albopictus estaba coexistiendo con Ae. aegypti en Mérida en el momento del estudio. La baja abundancia relativa sugiere que Ae. albopictus se encontraba en la fase inicial de invasión.
Detection of sitting posture using hierarchical image composition and deep learning
Authors: Kulikajevas Audrius , Maskeliunas Rytis , Damaševičius Robertas
Published: March 2021

Human posture detection allows the capture of the kinematic parameters of the human body, which is important for many applications, such as assisted living, healthcare, physical exercising and rehabilitation. This task can greatly benefit from recent development in deep learning and computer vision. In this paper, we propose a novel deep recurrent hierarchical network (DRHN) model based on MobileNetV2 that allows for greater flexibility by reducing or eliminating posture detection problems related to a limited visibility human torso in the frame, i.e., the occlusion problem. The DRHN network accepts the RGB-Depth frame sequences and produces a representation of semantically related posture states. We achieved 91.47% accuracy at 10 fps rate for sitting posture recognition.
The effects of parental age difference on the offspring sex and fitness of European blackbirds
Authors: Cholewa Marta , Jankowiak Łukasz , Szenejko Magdalena , Dybus Andrzej , Śmietana Przemysław , Wysocki Dariusz
Published: March 2021

Background

Many studies of birds have indicated that offspring sex ratios can vary with environmental and parental traits. On the basis of long-term research, we first evaluated the possible influence of parental age difference and brood characteristics on offspring sex and fitness in multi-brooded Blackbirds Turdus merula.

Methodology

The study was conducted in the city-centre Stefan Żeromski Park in Szczecin, NW Poland, where the local population of Blackbirds has been studied since 1996. Data on the offspring sex and fitness were collected in five years, 2005–2007 and 2016–2017. During the breeding season we inspected the study area to locate the pairs’ territories and to track their nests and clutches.

Results

We found that the overall sex ratio did not differ statistically from 50:50, but that younger females bonded with older mates did tend to produce more sons, probably because of the greater fitness of male descendants. Accordingly, the sons’ breeding success increased with the father’s age, but this relationship was close to non-linear, which may indicate that the transgenerational effect of paternal senescence could negatively affect progeny fitness despite the high-quality of older fathers. Older females mated with younger males produced more daughters, which could have been due to the lesser attractiveness of the males and the mothers’ poorer condition caused by accelerated senescence. We found that neither offspring hatching sequence nor hatching date or clutch sequence were significant for sex determination.

Conclusions

We consider that in our Blackbird population, parental age could make a more significant contribution to shaping offspring sex and reproductive success.
Immunoinformatic approach to design a multiepitope vaccine targeting non-mutational hotspot regions of structural and non-structural proteins of the SARS CoV2
Authors: Solanki Vandana , Tiwari Monalisa , Tiwari Vishvanath
Published: March 2021

Background

The rapid Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV2) outbreak caused severe pandemic infection worldwide. The high mortality and morbidity rate of SARS CoV2 is due to the unavailability of vaccination and mutation in this virus. The present article aims to design a potential vaccine construct VTC3 targeting the non-mutational region of structural and non-structural proteins of SARS CoV2.

Methods

In this study, vaccines were designed using subtractive proteomics and reverse vaccinology. To target the virus adhesion and evasion, 10 different structural and non-structural proteins have been selected. Shortlisted proteins have been screened for B cell, T cell and IFN gamma interacting epitopes. 3D structure of vaccine construct was modeled and evaluated for its physicochemical properties, immunogenicity, allergenicity, toxicity and antigenicity. The finalized construct was implemented for docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) with different toll-like receptors (TLRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA). The binding energy and dissociation construct of the vaccine with HLA and TLR was also calculated. Mutational sensitivity profiling of the designed vaccine was performed, and mutations were reconfirmed from the experimental database. Antibody production, clonal selection, antigen processing, immune response and memory generation in host cells after injection of the vaccine was also monitored using immune simulation.

Results

Subtractive proteomics identified seven (structural and non-structural) proteins of this virus that have a role in cell adhesion and infection. The different epitopes were predicted, and only extracellular epitopes were selected that do not have similarity and cross-reactivity with the host cell. Finalized epitopes of all proteins with minimum allergenicity and toxicity were joined using linkers to designed different vaccine constructs. Docking different constructs with different TLRs and HLA demonstrated a stable and reliable binding affinity of VTC3 with the TLRs and HLAs. MDS analysis further confirms the interaction of VTC3 with HLA and TLR1/2 complex. The VTC3 has a favorable binding affinity and dissociation constant with HLA and TLR. The VTC3 does not have similarities with the human microbiome, and most of the interacting residues of VTC3 do not have mutations. The immune simulation result showed that VTC3 induces a strong immune response. The present study designs a multiepitope vaccine targeting the non-mutational region of structural and non-structural proteins of the SARS CoV2 using an immunoinformatic approach, which needs to be experimentally validated.
Evaluation of Control Methods for Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Matsum & Nakai) in The Gambia
Authors: Darboe Lamin S. , Osekre Enoch Adjei
Published: March 2021

Commercial production of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai) is increasing in The Gambia, but tephritid fruit flies present a huge challenge to its production. To avoid severe losses, watermelon growers often resort to indiscriminate use of pesticides to manage the pest. Field studies were conducted at two sites (Faraba and Site 3) in the West Coast Region of The Gambia to evaluate two environmentally friendly options (Success Appat (GF-120) and Cocoa Butter Cream) for management of fruit flies on the crop. Dimethoate insecticide, the farmers’ preferred choice, was used as a chemical check and untreated control plots were also maintained. The field plots were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design and the treatments were replicated three times. The results of the study showed that, even though three species of fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Dacus vertebratus Bezzi and Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett were collected at both study sites, only D. vertebratus infested watermelon fruits. Both Success Appat (GF-120) and Cocoa Butter Cream reduced watermelon fruit infestation and, generally, provided comparable protection as the check (Dimethoate) to watermelon fruits against fruit flies and therefore would be suitable replacements.
Test for Aggregational Gaussianity (AG) in Petroleum Prices Returns
Authors: Archibong M. E. , Essi I. D.
Published: March 2021

The work aims at investigating and establishing if Aggregational Gaussianity, (AG) is in the dynamics of petroleum prices. This AG aspect is the phenomenon in which the empirical distribution of log-returns tends to normality (or as the time scale over which the returns are calculated increases). In order to achieve this, the petroleum price series was tested for arch effects. In addition, tests for Aggregational Gaussianity, (AG) were carried out using qualitative (graphical) approach and inferential approach, (involving statistical inference). The study shows that the presence of arch effects does not guarantee existence of AG. It is also observed that qualitative (graphical) approach may suggest normality and hence, presence of  AG, on the other hand, inferential approach (involving statistical tests) gives a better picture of the actual conclusion, of the presence (or otherwise) of AG in the data set, with a 99.97% rejection from normality by the three tests-Kolmogorov-simonorv,Shapiro-Wilks, and Anderson-darling. In the circumstance, there is no evidence to confirm a discernible presence of AG in the dynamics of petroleum prices. The non-existence of AG in the study shows the instability in the dynamics of petroleum prices, since one cannot invoke normality as an invariant property this, among other factors, make the economy unstable as it is oil- driven. However, since the highest percentage of the budget for the country is based on the petroleum sales, which as this study reveals is unstable, hence, diversification of the economy is proposed. The softwares used in the work are Eviews 10, Minitab 18, Spss 17, Easy-fit 5.6 professional, and R 3.2.2.
Long Radial Sheath for Angiography of Femoral Artery Large Sheath Access Site with Vascular Closure Devices
Authors: Onizuka Takeshi , Raveendran Ganesh , Panetta Carmelo J.
Published: March 2021

Radial access combined with hemodynamic support has the limitation of not allowing adequate angiography or delivery of peripheral balloons for managing the femoral access site after removal of the large femoral sheath.  We present a case series with use of a novel long 6 French guiding sheath via left radial artery access for angiography of the femoral access site after removal of a large sheath for left ventricular assist device with vascular closure devices.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Diffusion and Perfusion in Assessment of Patients with Cerebral Infarction
Authors: El-Mestekawy Mervat Samy , Hamisa Manal Fathy , El-Shamy Ahmed Mohamed , Radwan Samah Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Background: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging is most useful for detecting irreversibly infarcted tissue, perfusion-weighted imaging may be used to identify areas of reversible ischemia as well. This work highlights the role of MR imaging in acute ischemic infarction evaluation, with particular emphasis on the importance of diffusion and perfusion MR imaging for evaluating the penumbra.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 30 patients who were suspected to have a cerebral infarction. All patients underwent functional MRI.

Results: 25 patients (83.3%) were isointense in T1 and only 5 patients (16.6%) were low intense, in T2 there was 25 patients (83.3%) were high intense and only 5 patients (16.6%) were isointense .in FLAIR there was 24 patients (80%) were high intense and only 6 patients (20%) were isointense. In DW1 all the cases show high signal also in ADC all the cases show low signal. As regards to Ischemic area: the mean rCBV (relative cerebral blood volume) in the core was 0.33±0.30 cc while in the peripheral area was 1.24±1.35 cc. There was a highly significant difference between CT and MRI in diagnosis of acute stroke with P= 0.001.

Conclusion: Only depending on a single or a few parameters may not be sufficient, instead comprehensively combining the information from each MRI sequence (i.e., DWI, FLAIR and PWI) and using various mismatch parameters (DWI-FLAIR mismatch and/or PWI-DWI mismatch) may be more helpful in establishing an indication of MRI-based thrombolysis.
Economic Fluctuations and Child Health: How Well Children’s Health Needs are Met in Nigeria
Authors: Abdulganiyu Salami , Paul Joseph
Published: March 2021

One of the major functions of every government is to monitor, manage and adequately supervise the way its healthcare system works, particularly in maintaining good maternal health and reducing child mortality. Unfortunately, recent evidence shows that many countries have been falling short of their responsibility of maintaining healthy population and ensuring low mortality rate. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of economic fluctuations on child mortality rates in Nigeria. Estimation techniques like descriptive statistics, ARDL Bound test and Fully-modified ordinary least square regression imbedded with distributed lag of GDP per capita were used in the study. It was found that GDP per capita significantly and negatively influence neonatal, under-5 and infant mortalities. The study found that one percent increase in GDP per capita leads to 12% decrease in neonatal, 26% decrease in infant and 23% decrease in under-5 mortality rates. In order to ascertain that the results were stable and devoid of biasness, a robustness test was conducted where public healthcare expenditure was used to replace GDP per capita. The estimates remained stable and consistent with when GDP per capita was used. The study therefore concludes that improvement in economic activities (manifested by increase GDP per capita and healthcare expenditure) is linked to decrease in child mortality rates, and recommends that government put in place policies that can ensure improvement in economic activities and subsequently decrease child mortality rates.
Occurrence of Cardiovascular Complications Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sardinha Daniele Melo , Lima Karla Valéria Batista , Ueno Thalyta Mariany Rêgo Lopes , Rodrigues Yan Correa , Garcez Juliana Conceição Dias , Santos Anderson Lineu Siqueira dos , Ferreira Ana Lúcia da Silva , Guimarães Ricardo José de Paula Souza e , Lima Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa
Published: March 2021

Cardiovascular Diseases represent the main cause of death in the world, and are associated with risk factors that cause serious complications in cases of infections, such as those of the respiratory tract. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared a pandemic for SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus causing severe pneumonia, which emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The objective is to investigate the occurrence of cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is a systematic review, quantitative, in the databases, PubMed and Science direct, including primary studies with hospitalized patients confirmed for COVID-19 and who presented cardiovascular complications, the form used tools for evaluation of quality and evidence, following the PRISMA recommendations. Results: 12 studies were included. The occurrence of cardiovascular complications was: 27.35% of the sample of 3,316 patients. Types: Acute cardiac injury 17.09%; Thromboembolism 4.73%; Heart failure 3.43%; Arrhythmias 1.77%; stroke 0.33%. Mean age 61 years. Conclusions: This study showed that there are several cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2, that the main one is acute cardiac injury, which causes several instabilities in the cardiopulmonary system, and that it is associated with mortality.