bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parameterization of two‐dimensional approaches in HYDRUS‐2D: Part 1. Simulating water flow dynamics at the field scale
Authors: Varvaris Ioannis , Pittaki‐Chrysodonta Zampela , Duus Børgesen Christen , Iversen Bo V.
Published: July 2021

Parameterization of theeffective properties as input in hydrogeological models for simulating water flow is a time consuming and costly process, and it is characterized by high uncertainty because of the spatial variability of soil properties. Integrating visible−near‐infrared spectroscopy (vis−NIRS) models and a developed pedotransfer function, a hydrogeological tool was suggested by Varvaris et al. in 2019 for estimating the hydraulic properties used in an equilibrium approach. In the current study, the proposed concept was further expanded for assisting on a rapid and inexpensive parameterization of effective parameters in nonequilibrium models. In our approach, the soil‐water retention curves for the wet and hyper‐dry ends were predicted using existing vis−NIRS calibration models for obtaining the parameters for the Campbell retention model and the Campbell and Shiozawa model, respectively. The HYDRUS‐2D software package was used to simulate tile drainage discharge in a loamy structured field using as initial input hydraulic parameters the output from the suggested concept. The estimated parameters were validated based on measured hydraulic properties in the laboratory. Two‐dimensional models incorporating nonequilibrium flow were used to evaluate the ability of each approach to predict the tile drainage discharge: a single‐porosity with modified van Genuchten function, a dual‐porosity model, and a dual‐permeability model. All approaches gave a fairly good fit to the hydrograph features for both calibration and validation datasets with dual‐porosity to present the highest predictive ability. Finally, the suggested initial parameterization concept proved its potential to be used as an alternative for covering the absence of measured data of soil hydraulic properties.
Lasso estimation of hierarchical interactions for analyzing heterogeneity of treatment effect
Authors: Du Yu , Chen Huan , Varadhan Ravi
Published: July 2021

Individuals differ in how they respond to a given treatment. In an effort to predict the treatment response and analyze the heterogeneity of treatment effect, we propose a general modeling framework by identifying treatment‐covariate interactions honoring a hierarchical condition. We construct a single‐step norm penalty procedure that maintains the hierarchical structure of interactions in the sense that a treatment‐covariate interaction term is included in the model only when either the covariate or both the covariate and treatment have nonzero main effects. We developed a constrained Lasso approach with two parameterization schemes that enforce the hierarchical interaction restriction differently. We solved the resulting constrained optimization problem using a spectral projected gradient method. We compared our methods to the unstructured Lasso using simulation studies including a scenario that violates the hierarchical condition (misspecified model). The simulations showed that our methods yielded more parsimonious models and outperformed the unstructured Lasso for correctly identifying nonzero treatment‐covariate interactions. The superior performance of our methods are also corroborated by an application to a large randomized clinical trial data investigating a drug for treating congestive heart failure (N = 2569). Our methods provide a well‐suited approach for doing secondary analysis in clinical trials to analyze heterogeneous treatment effects and to identify predictive biomarkers.
Research Progress of Single‐Crystal Nickel‐Rich Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: You Bianzheng , Wang Zhixing , Shen Fang , Chang Yijiao , Peng Wenjie , Li Xinhai , Guo Huajun , Hu Qiyang , Deng Chengwei , Yang Sheng , Yan Guochun , Wang Jiexi
Published: July 2021

Single‐crystal nickel‐rich cathode materials (SC‐NRCMs) are the most promising candidates for next‐generation power batteries which enable longer driving range and reliable safety. In this review, the outstanding advantages of SC‐NRCMs are discussed systematically in aspects of structural and thermal stabilities. Particularly, the intergranular‐crack‐free morphology exhibits superior cycling performance and negligible parasitic reactions even under severe conditions. Besides, various synthetic methods are summarized and the relation between precursor, sintering process, and final single‐crystal products are revealed, providing a full view of synthetic methods. Then, challenges of SC‐NRCMs in fields of kinetics of lithium diffusion and the one particularly occurred at high voltage (intragranular cracks and aggravated parasitic reactions) are discussed. The corresponding mechanism and modifications are also referred. Through this review, it is aimed to highlight the magical morphology of SC‐NRCMs for application perspective and provide a reference for following researchers.
Management of a novel strain of Riemerella Anatipestifer isolated from mandarin ducks (Aix Galericulata) in Australia
Authors: Hill Andrew Gordon
Published: July 2021

Six clinically healthy, adult, captive‐reared mandarin ducks from a commercial mixed age, mixed species bird breeder grew positive cultures of Riemerella anatipestifer from pharyngeal swabs during admission into a zoological collection. Treatment with tetracycline 5 g/kg in feed for 14 days resulted in negative pharyngeal swabs at 30 and 100 days post‐treatment. R. anatipestifer has not previously been reported in mandarin ducks in Australia. The present detection suggests that commercially sourced mandarin ducks in Australia should be screened for R. anatipestifer prior to co‐housing with naïve Anseriformes.
Expanding haematoma in a lace monitor (Varanus varius)
Authors: Hill Andrew Gordon
Published: July 2021

A captive adult male lace monitor (Varanus varius) was presented with a progressive haematoma of the right shoulder associated with a scapular fracture and arterial rupture. Conservative therapy was ineffective. Closed debridement and talc sclerodhesis effectively collapsed the haematoma; however, subsequent necrosis of the overlying skin required open debridement for resolution by 17 weeks following admission.
Ligand-binding and -scavenging of the chemerin receptor GPR1
Authors: Fischer Tobias F. , Czerniak Anne S. , Weiß Tina , Schoeder Clara T. , Wolf Philipp , Seitz Oliver , Meiler Jens , Beck-Sickinger Annette G.
Published: July 2021

Tight regulation of cytokines is essential for the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Chemerin, a mediator of innate immunity, mainly acts on chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) to induce the migration of macrophages and dendritic cells. The role of the second chemerin receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1), is still unclear. Here we demonstrate that GPR1 shows ligand-induced arrestin3 recruitment and internalization. The chemerin C-terminus triggers this activation by folding into a loop structure, binding to aromatic residues in the extracellular loops of GPR1. While this overall binding mode is shared between GPR1 and CMKLR1, differences in their respective extracellular loop 2 allowed for the design of the first GPR1-selective peptide. However, our results suggest that ligand-induced arrestin recruitment is not the only mode of action of GPR1. This receptor also displays constitutive internalization, which allows GPR1 to internalize inactive peptides efficiently by an activation-independent pathway. Our results demonstrate that GPR1 takes a dual role in regulating chemerin activity: as a signaling receptor for arrestin-based signaling on one hand, and as a scavenging receptor with broader ligand specificity on the other.

Graphic abstract
Detection of plant virus particles with a capacitive field-effect sensor
Authors: Jablonski Melanie , Poghossian Arshak , Keusgen Michael , Wege Christina , Schöning Michael J.
Published: July 2021

Plant viruses are major contributors to crop losses and induce high economic costs worldwide. For reliable, on-site and early detection of plant viral diseases, portable biosensors are of great interest. In this study, a field-effect SiO2-gate electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensor was utilized for the label-free electrostatic detection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles as a model plant pathogen. The capacitive EIS sensor has been characterized regarding its TMV sensitivity by means of constant-capacitance method. The EIS sensor was able to detect biotinylated TMV particles from a solution with a TMV concentration as low as 0.025 nM. A good correlation between the registered EIS sensor signal and the density of adsorbed TMV particles assessed from scanning electron microscopy images of the SiO2-gate chip surface was observed. Additionally, the isoelectric point of the biotinylated TMV particles was determined via zeta potential measurements and the influence of ionic strength of the measurement solution on the TMV-modified EIS sensor signal has been studied.
Anti-tumor effects of RTX-240: an engineered red blood cell expressing 4-1BB ligand and interleukin-15
Authors: McArdel Shannon L. , Dugast Anne-Sophie , Hoover Maegan E. , Bollampalli Arjun , Hong Enping , Castano Zafira , Leonard Shannon Curtis , Pawar Sneha , Mellen Jennifer , Muriuki Kelvin , McLaughlin Douglas C. , Bayhi Nicholas , Carpenter Christopher L. , Turka Laurence A. , Wickham Thomas J. , Elloul Sivan
Published: July 2021

Recombinant agonists that activate co-stimulatory and cytokine receptors have shown limited clinical anticancer utility, potentially due to narrow therapeutic windows, the need for coordinated activation of co-stimulatory and cytokine pathways and the failure of agonistic antibodies to recapitulate signaling by endogenous ligands. RTX-240 is a genetically engineered red blood cell expressing 4-1BBL and IL-15/IL-15Rα fusion (IL-15TP). RTX-240 is designed to potently and simultaneously stimulate the 4-1BB and IL-15 pathways, thereby activating and expanding T cells and NK cells, while potentially offering an improved safety profile through restricted biodistribution. We assessed the ability of RTX-240 to expand and activate T cells and NK cells and evaluated the in vivo efficacy, pharmacodynamics and tolerability using murine models. Treatment of PBMCs with RTX-240 induced T cell and NK cell activation and proliferation. In vivo studies using mRBC-240, a mouse surrogate for RTX-240, revealed biodistribution predominantly to the red pulp of the spleen, leading to CD8 + T cell and NK cell expansion. mRBC-240 was efficacious in a B16-F10 melanoma model and led to increased NK cell infiltration into the lungs. mRBC-240 significantly inhibited CT26 tumor growth, in association with an increase in tumor-infiltrating proliferating and cytotoxic CD8 + T cells. mRBC-240 was tolerated and showed no evidence of hepatic injury at the highest feasible dose, compared with a 4-1BB agonistic antibody. RTX-240 promotes T cell and NK cell activity in preclinical models and shows efficacy and an improved safety profile. Based on these data, RTX-240 is now being evaluated in a clinical trial.
Die Mischung macht’s eben? Blended-Psychotherapie als Ansatz der Digitalisierung in der Psychotherapie
Authors: Bielinski Laura Luisa , Trimpop Leonie , Berger Thomas
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund

Über die letzten Jahrzehnte wurden verschiedene Ansätze zur Digitalisierung der Psychotherapie (PT) entwickelt. Eine Behandlungsform stellt die Kombination von „Face-to-face“-PT und Online-Interventionen, die „Blended-PT“, dar. Während das Forschungsinteresse zu Blended-PT in den letzten Jahren zugenommen hat, wurde die praktische Anwendung von Blended-PT im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher weniger stark umgesetzt. Auch bedingt durch die globale, durch die „coronavirus disease 2019“ (COVID-19) ausgelöste Pandemie gewinnen Blended-PT und andere Online-Ansätze zunehmend an Bedeutung.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ein Überblick zum Thema und zu verschiedenen Formen von Blended-PT wird gegeben. Im Weiteren wird auf die Wirksamkeit, die Sicht der Patient:innen und Therapeut:innen sowie auf das Thema der Implementierung eingegangen.

Material und Methoden

Narrative Übersicht der Literatur zum Thema Blended-PT; auf Basis einer umfassenden Suche werden wichtige Überlegungen und Befunde eingeordnet und beschrieben.

Ergebnisse

Der Begriff der Blended-PT wird bisher uneinheitlich verwendet. In Anlehnung an Blended-Learning-Ansätze können „blends“ auf verschiedenen Ebenen stattfinden. Es kann zwischen ergänzenden und transformierenden Blends unterschieden werden. In transformierenden Blends verändert das Format die Face-to-face-PT grundlegend. Zu einigen Blended-PT-Formen gibt es bereits Wirksamkeitsbelege, zu anderen besteht dringender Forschungsbedarf. Im Vergleich zu Face-to-face-PT und reiner Online-Therapie könnte die Blended-PT verschiedene Vorteile bieten.

Schlussfolgerung

Das Interesse an Blended-PT wächst aufseiten von Patient:innen und Therapeut:innen. Um evidenzbasierte Blended-PT erfolgreich anbieten zu können, bedarf es der engen Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wissenschaft, Institutionen, Therapeut:innen und Kostenträgern im Gesundheitssystem.
Softarisons: theory and practice
Authors: Alcantud José Carlos R.
Published: July 2021

This paper introduces the concept of softarison. Softarisons merge soft set theory with the theory of binary relations. Their purpose is the comparison of alternatives in a parameterized environment. We develop the basic theory and interpretations of softarisons. Then, the normative idea of ‘optimal’ alternatives is discussed in this context. We argue that the meaning of ‘optimality’ can be adjusted to fit in with the structure of each problem. A sufficient condition for the existence of an optimal alternative for unrestricted sets of alternatives is proven. This result means a counterpart of Weierstrass extreme value theorem for softarisons; thus, it links soft topology with the act of choice. We also provide a decision-making procedure—the minimax algorithm—when the alternatives are compared through a softarison. A case-study in the context of group interviews illustrates both the application of softarisons as an evaluation tool, and the computation of minimax solutions.
A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Virology, Vaccines, Variants, and Therapeutics
Authors: Forchette Lauren , Sebastian William , Liu Tuoen
Published: July 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused more than 179 million infections and 3.8 million deaths worldwide. Throughout the past year, multiple vaccines have already been developed and used, while some others are in the process of being developed. However, the emergence of new mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 that have demonstrated immune-evading characteristics and an increase in infective capabilities leads to potential ineffectiveness of the vaccines against these variants. The purpose of this review article is to highlight the current understanding of the immunological mechanisms of the virus and vaccines, as well as to investigate some key variants and mutations of the virus driving the current pandemic and their impacts on current management guidelines. We also discussed new technologies being developed for the prevention, treatment, and detection of SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, we thoroughly reviewed and provided crucial information on SARS-CoV-2 virology, vaccines and drugs being used and developed for its prevention and treatment, as well as important variant strains. Our review paper will be beneficial to health care professionals and researchers so they can have a better understanding of the basic sciences, prevention, and clinical treatment of COVID-19 during the pandemic. This paper consists of the most updated information that has been available as of June 21, 2021.
Nano-channel-based physical and chemical synergic regulation for dendrite-free lithium plating
Authors: Guo Qiang , Deng Wei , Xia Shengjie , Zhang Zibo , Zhao Fei , Hu Binjie , Zhang Sasa , Zhou Xufeng , Chen George Zheng , Liu Zhaoping
Published: July 2021

Uncontrollable dendrite growth resulting from the non-uniform lithium ion (Li+) flux and volume expansion in lithium metal (Li) negative electrode leads to rapid performance degradation and serious safety problems of lithium metal batteries. Although N-containing functional groups in carbon materials are reported to be effective to homogenize the Li+ flux, the effective interaction distance between lithium ions and N-containing groups should be relatively small (down to nanometer scale) according to the Debye length law. Thus, it is necessary to carefully design the microstructure of N-containing carbon materials to make the most of their roles in regulating the Li+ flux. In this work, porous carbon nitride microspheres (PCNMs) with abundant nanopores have been synthesized and utilized to fabricate a uniform lithiophilic coating layer having hybrid pores of both the nano- and micrometer scales on the Cu/Li foil. Physically, the three-dimensional (3D) porous framework is favorable for absorbing volume changes and guiding Li growth. Chemically, this coating layer can render a suitable interaction distance to effectively homogenize the Li+ flux and contribute to establishing a robust and stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer with Li-F, Li-N, and Li-O-rich contents based on the Debye length law. Such a physical-chemical synergic regulation strategy using PCNMs can lead to dendrite-free Li plating, resulting in a low nucleation overpotential and stable Li plating/stripping cycling performance in both the Li‖Cu and the Li‖Li symmetric cells. Meanwhile, a full cell using the PCNM coated Li foil negative electrode and a LiFePO4 positive electrode has delivered a high capacity retention of ∼ 80% after more than 200 cycles at 1 C and achieved a remarkable rate capability. The pouch cell fabricated by pairing the PCNM coated Li foil negative electrode with a NCM 811 positive electrode has retained ∼ 73% of the initial capacity after 150 cycles at 0.2 C.
Effects of miscible CO2 injection on production recovery
Authors: Abdullah Nurafiqah , Hasan Nurul
Published: July 2021

Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection is implemented into the reservoir to further improve the oil production efficiency, by mixing with oil at reservoir condition, and becomes miscible. The miscibility affects the oil to become swelled and less viscous and thus easily flow through the reservoir. Most of the (CO2) EOR projects has higher recovery factor in miscible condition. Therefore, this article aims to determine the effects of the miscible (CO2) injection on production recovery in the Cornea Field. The Cornea Field is located in Browse Basin, Western Australia. It is a simple trap structure which is elongated and formed by unfaulted drape anticline over an eroded high basement. The importance of this research is that (CO2) injection has not been implemented in the Cornea Field since it is a complex reservoir. However, research showed that there was a high potential production recovery in this field. Therefore, research needs to be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the (CO2) injection on production recovery in this field. The model was validated, by comparing MMP obtained from the simulation model and correlation methods. The MMP of this reservoir is above 38 Bar. Sensitivity analysis on reservoir pressure, reservoir temperature and (CO2) injection rate was investigated. Oil production increases with the increase in reservoir pressure and reservoir temperature. As the (CO2) injection rate increases, oil production also increased. From the result, hence, this study should contribute to the knowledge gap in Cornea Field.
Study of the Sensing Characteristics of Irradiated Fiber Bragg Gratings and Fabry-Perot Interferometers Under Gamma Radiation
Authors: Li Zhuoyue , Ran Zengling , Qing Xianguo , He Zhengxi , Xiao Yaqin , Yang Tingting , He Xiu , Zhu Jialiang , He Peng , Xu Sijie
Published: July 2021

The sensing characteristics of irradiated fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs) were investigated under a 2 MGy dose of gamma radiation. The study found that the pressure sensitivity of FP sensors after irradiation was stable, while the temperature sensitivity of FBG sensors was unstable, and both wavelengths displayed a shift. These findings offer the possibility for the application of FP pressure sensors in the gamma radiation environments, and FBG sensors require further research to be suitable for application in the nuclear radiation environments.
Optimization of banana crop by-products solvent extraction for the production of bioactive compounds
Authors: Díaz Sara , Benítez Antonio N. , Ramírez-Bolaños Sara , Robaina Lidia , Ortega Zaida
Published: July 2021

The aim of this work is the optimization of phenolic compound extraction from three by-products of banana crops (rachis, discarded banana, and banana’s pseudostem pulp), as a way to valorize them through a green extraction process. The influence of the temperature and aqueous ethanol concentration (Et-OH) on extract properties (total phenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity) was firstly analyzed. 78 ℃ and ethanol concentrations close to 50% yielded the best results for the three materials. The equations obtained by the response surface methodology gave a satisfactory description of the experimental data, allowing optimizing the extraction conditions. Under optimized conditions, time influence was then assessed, although this parameter seemed not influence results. Among the three by-products, rachis extract (60% Et-OH, 78 ℃, and 30 min) presented the highest TPC (796 mg gallic acid/100 g of dried material) and antioxidant activity (6.51 mg Trolox equivalents/g of dried material), followed by discarded banana, and pseudostem pulp. Under the optimal conditions, experiments were performed at a larger scale, allowing to determine the extraction yields (EY) and to characterize the extracts. The highest EY was obtained for the rachis (26%), but the extract with the highest activity was obtained for discarded banana (50% Et-OH, 78 ℃, and 60 min), which presented a TPC of 27.26 mg/g extract corresponding to 54.59 mg Trolox equivalents/g extract. This study contributes to the valorization of banana crops residues as a source of polyphenolic compounds with bioactive functions that can be extracted under economic extraction conditions.

Graphical abstract
The Solved Conflict: Pope Francis and Liberation Theology
Authors: Løland Ole Jakob
Published: July 2021

The battle for meaning and influence between Latin American liberations theologians and the Vatican was one of the most significant conflicts in the global Catholic church of the twentieth century. With the election of the Argentinean Jorge Mario Bergoglio as head of the global church in 2013, the question about the legacy of liberation theology was actualized. The canonization of Archbishop Oscar Romero and the pope’s approximation to the public figure of Gustavo Gutiérrez signaled a new approach to the liberation theology movement in the Vatican. This article argues that Pope Francis shares some of the main theological concerns as pontiff with liberation theology. Although the pope remains an outsider to liberation theology, he has in a sense solved the conflict between the Vatican and the Latin American social movement. Through an analysis of ecclesial documents and theological literature, his can be discerned on three levels. First, Pope Francis’ use of certain theological ideas from liberation theology has been made possible and less controversial by post-cold war contexts. Second, Pope Francis has contributed to the solution of this conflict through significant symbolic gestures rather than through a shift of official positions. Third, as Pope Francis, the Argentinian Jorge Mario Bergoglio has appropriated certain elements that are specific to liberation theology without acknowledging his intellectual debt to it.
Emergence of machine learning in the development of high entropy alloy and their prospects in advanced engineering applications
Authors: Katiyar Nirmal Kumar , Goel Gaurav , Goel Saurav
Published: July 2021

The high entropy alloys have become the most intensely researched materials in recent times. They offer the flexibility to choose a large array of metallic elements in the periodic table, a combination of which produces distinctive desirable properties that are not possible to be obtained by the pristine metals. Over the past decade, a myriad of publications has inundated the aspects of materials synthesis concerning HEA. Hitherto, the practice of HEA development has largely relied on a trial-and-error basis, and the hassles associate with this effort can be reduced by adopting a machine learning approach. This way, the “right first time” approach can be adopted to deterministically predict the right combination and composition of metallic elements to obtain the desired functional properties. This article reviews the latest advances in adopting machine learning approaches to predict and develop newer compositions of high entropy alloys. The review concludes by highlighting the newer applications areas that this accelerated development has enabled such that the HEA coatings can now potentially be used in several areas ranging from catalytic materials, electromagnetic shield protection and many other structural applications.
Investigation of the optimum conditions for adsorptive hydrogen storage
Authors: Glante Stephan , Fischer Marcus , Hartmann Martin
Published: July 2021

Cryogenic adsorption using microporous materials is one of the emerging technologies for hydrogen storage in fuel cell vehicles. Metal–organic frameworks have been identified as suitable adsorbents exhibiting large hydrogen sorption at 77 K. With respect to technical realization, in this work, the deliverable capacity at the optimal storage temperature was determined for a series of MOFs in comparison to zeolite Ca-A. The deliverable capacity is defined as the amount of hydrogen released between a maximum tank pressure and a minimum back pressure and shows a maximum which defines the optimum operating temperature. This optimum operating temperature depends on the pore size of the adsorbent and the chemical properties of the surface. A number of materials are identified that exhibit optimal operating temperatures well above 100 K. A higher optimal storage temperature, however, typically results in a lower deliverable capacity.
Die Bedeutung von Partizipation und Scaffolding für die Leistung im naturwissenschaftlichen Sachunterricht in Klassen mit hohem und niedrigem Anteil mehrsprachiger Schüler*innen
Authors: Herrmann Annika , Bürgermeister Anika , Lange-Schubert Kim , Saalbach Henrik
Published: July 2021

Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass die Interaktion zwischen Lehrpersonen und Schüler*innen die Lernleistung beeinflusst. Sowohl die aktive Partizipation von Schüler*innen am Unterrichtsgespräch als auch der Einsatz von Unterstützungsstrategien im Sinne des Scaffolding werden dabei als förderlich betrachtet. Es fehlt jedoch an empirischer Forschung insbesondere im Grundschulkontext, die beide Aspekte nicht nur gleichzeitig, sondern auch in ihrer Wechselwirkung betrachtet. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Effekte von Partizipation, Scaffolding und ihrer Interaktion auf die Leistung von 1216 Schüler*innen in 54 Grundschulklassen im Fach Sachunterricht. Dabei werden Klassen mit hohem und geringem Anteil mehrsprachiger Schüler*innen vergleichend betrachtet.
Ressourcen von Grundschullehrkräften in inklusiven Settings und ihr Zusammenspiel mit inklusiver Selbstwirksamkeit
Authors: Oetjen Birte , Martschinke Sabine , Elting Christian , Baumann Rebecca , Wissenbach Lars
Published: July 2021

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Ressourcen in inklusiven Settings und prüft ihr Zusammenspiel mit inklusiver Selbstwirksamkeit. In einem Mixed-Methods-Design wurden 43 Grundschullehrkräfte in Interviews nach ihren persönlichen Ressourcen in inklusiven Settings gefragt. Flankierend wurde in einem Online-Fragebogen inklusive Selbstwirksamkeit standardisiert erfasst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Grundschullehrkräfte besonders häufig soziale Unterstützung und Selbstregulation, weniger Überzeugungen, Werthaltungen und Vertrauen in die eigenen Fähigkeiten oder pädagogisch-didaktisches Wissen als Ressourcen beschreiben. Als potenziell handlungsrelevante Variable wird die inklusive Selbstwirksamkeit zu einem bedeutenden Anteil von sozialer Unterstützung und Selbstregulation erklärt.
Risiken und Nebenwirkungen einer naiv evidenzbasierten Grundschulpädagogik zu Inklusion und Partizipation
Authors: Müller Kathrin , Pfrang Agnes
Published: July 2021

Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, Fragen nach den Potenzialen einer rein evidenzbasierten Grundschulpädagogik für Inklusion und Partizipation zu erörtern. Dazu werden in einem ersten Schritt Inklusion und Partizipation als mehrdimensionale soziale Prozesse beschrieben, bevor in einem zweiten Schritt auf Risiken und Nebenwirkungen einer naiv evidenzbasierten Grundschulpädagogik und auf die Notwendigkeit eines multiparadigmatischen Zugangs zur Grundschulpädagogik eingegangen wird.
Capitalizing on Superconvergence for More Accurate Multi-Resolution Discontinuous Galerkin Methods
Authors: Ryan Jennifer K.
Published: July 2021

This article focuses on exploiting superconvergence to obtain more accurate multi-resolution analysis. Specifically, we concentrate on enhancing the quality of passing of information between scales by implementing the Smoothness-Increasing Accuracy-Conserving (SIAC) filtering combined with multi-wavelets. This allows for a more accurate approximation when passing information between meshes of different resolutions. Although this article presents the details of the SIAC filter using the standard discontinuous Galerkin method, these techniques are easily extendable to other types of data.
Bioelectrochemical system-mediated waste valorization
Authors: Chandrasekhar K. , Kumar A. Naresh , Raj Tirath , Kumar Gopalakrishnan , Kim Sang-Hyoun
Published: July 2021

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are a new and emerging technology in the field of fermentation technology. Electrical energy was provided externally to the microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) to generate hydrogen or value-added chemicals, including caustic, formic acid, acetic acid, and peroxide. Also, BES was designed to recover nutrients, metals or remove recalcitrant compounds. The variety of naturally existing microorganisms and enzymes act as a biocatalyst to induce potential differences amid the electrodes. BESs can be performed with non-catalyzed electrodes (both anode and cathode) under favorable circumstances, unlike conventional fuel cells. In recent years, value-added chemical producing microbial electrosynthesis (MES) technology has intensely broadened the prospect for BES. An additional strategy includes the introduction of innovative technologies that help with the manufacturing of alternative materials for electrode preparation, ion-exchange membranes, and pioneering designs. Because of this, BES is emerging as a promising technology. This article deliberates recent signs of progress in BESs so far, focusing on their diverse applications beyond electricity generation and resulting performance.
Analysis of vane loads and motion in a hydraulic double vane pump with integrated electrical drive
Authors: Fiebig Wiesław , Cependa Piotr , Kuczwara Hubert , Wang Feng
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the results of the analysis of the forces acting on vanes in a double-acting vane pump with an integrated electric drive have been presented. In the new motor pump unit, the pump is assembled inside the rotor of the electric motor. A dynamic model representing the vane movement has been developed considering the impact of pressure load distribution, vane support forces and friction forces. The loss of contact between the vane head and the cam ring lead to the noise and reduction of the volumetric pump efficiency. The dynamic model which describes the vane motion and contact between the vane tip and cam ring has been solved using MATLAB software. The influence of load distribution, pump design and operational parameters on the vane dynamics has been analysed.
Spectral filtering effect on multi-pulsing induced by chirped fiber Bragg grating in dispersion-managed mode-locked Yb-doped fiber lasers
Authors: Yan Dongyu , Liu Bowen , Zou Defeng , Guo Jie , Chu Yuxi , Song Youjian , Hu Minglie
Published: July 2021

We numerically and experimentally investigate the multi-pulsing mechanism in a dispersion-managed mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser. Multi-pulsing occurs primarily owing to the inherent filtering effect of the chirped fiber Bragg grating. The spectral filtering effect restricts the spectral broadening induced by self-phase modulation and causes extra loss, leading to a decreased pump power threshold for the multi-pulsing state. Numerical simulations show that multi-pulsing emerges at a lower pump power when the spectral filter bandwidth becomes narrower. In the experiment, the spectral width increases as the net cavity dispersion approaches zero. Pulses with wider spectral widths experience more loss from the spectral filtering effect, leading to a decreased pump power threshold for multi-pulsing. Therefore, the net cavity dispersion also has an impact on the multi-pulsing threshold. Based on this conclusion, we devise a strategy to obtain single-pulsing operation with the shortest pulse width and the highest pulse energy.
Communication That Leads to Successful Social Inclusion For Children With Hearing Loss: Are Excellent Speech and Language Skills Sufficient?
Authors: Fulcher Anne , Sargeant Amber , de Rosnay Marc , Hopkins Tracy , Neal Katie , Davis Aleisha
Published: July 2021

Many children with hearing loss have atypical social communication skills despite having age-appropriate speech and language. Graduate assessments in an early intervention program for children with hearing loss indicated that despite achieving language skills within typical limits for over a decade, social skills development was frequently delayed. Data gathered in 2007 and 2012 indicated the majority of children with hearing loss demonstrated poor acquisition of concepts linked to theory of mind (ToM), achieving either delayed or alternative acquisition patterns. A small-group 8-week social skills intervention program was subsequently implemented for graduating cohorts with the aim of developing and improving social interactions. In 2017, measures of ToM were collected for 15 children with hearing loss aged 4–6 years and compared to ToM 2007 and 2012 cohort data. An additional measure of social understanding and flexibility, a persuasion task, was also implemented. Although ToM skills for the majority of the 2017 cohort were found to be on par with hearing peers, and were better than skills demonstrated by the 2007 and 2012 graduates, ability to successfully participate in a socially significant persuasion task with a peer was delayed. Challenges and solutions to the development of age-appropriate social skills are proposed.
ON AN INTEGRAL OF -BESSEL FUNCTIONS AND ITS APPLICATION TO MAHLER MEASURE
Authors: ANTON GEORGE , MALATHU JESSEN A. , STINSON SHELBY , Friedman J. S.
Published: July 2021

Cogdellet al.[‘Evaluating the Mahler measure of linear forms via Kronecker limit formulas on complex projective space’,Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.(2021), to appear] developed infinite series representations for the logarithmic Mahler measure of a complex linear form with four or more variables. We establish the case of three variables by bounding an integral with integrand involving the random walk probability density$a\int _0^\infty tJ_0(at) \prod _{m=0}^2 J_0(r_m t)\,dt$, where$J_0$is the order-zero Bessel function of the first kind andaand$r_m$are positive real numbers. To facilitate our proof we develop an alternative description of the integral’s asymptotic behaviour at its known points of divergence. As a computational aid for numerical experiments, an algorithm to calculate these series is presented in the appendix.
THE BOCHNER–SCHOENBERG-EBERLEIN PROPERTY OF EXTENSIONS OF BANACH ALGEBRAS AND BANACH MODULES
Authors: ALIZADEH NASRIN , EBADIAN ALI , OSTADBASHI SAEID , JABBARI ALI
Published: July 2021

Let A be a Banach algebra and let X be a Banach A-bimodule. We consider the Banach algebra
${A\oplus _1 X}$
, where A is a commutative Banach algebra. We investigate the Bochner–Schoenberg–Eberlein (BSE) property and the BSE module property on
$A\oplus _1 X$
. We show that the module extension Banach algebra
$A\oplus _1 X$
is a BSE Banach algebra if and only if A is a BSE Banach algebra and
$X=\{0\}$
. Furthermore, we consider
$A\oplus _1 X$
as a Banach
$A\oplus _1 X$
-module and characterise the BSE module property on
$A\oplus _1 X$
. We show that
$A\oplus _1 X$
is a BSE Banach
$A\oplus _1 X$
-module if and only if A and X are BSE Banach A-modules.
Combined effects of mulching and crop density on soil evaporation, temperature, and water use efficiency of winter wheat
Authors: Cheng Dingpu , Wang Zhiqiang , Yang Lingna , Zhang Lidan , Zhang Qingtao
Published: July 2021

Reducing soil evaporation by different agricultural practices is important not only for water saving but also for its applicability by farmers. In wheat fields, the goal of efficient water management is to save water and increase yield. At present, the combined effects of maize-straw mulching (M) and crop density (D) on soil evaporation and temperature, wheat performance, and water use efficiency (WUE) are not clear. A field experiment was conducted for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the North China Plain (NCP). The two levels of crop density included high (HD) and normal density (ND), and the three levels of mulch included high (HM), low (LM), and no mulch (NM). The results indicated that both straw mulching and high crop density had significant inhibitory effects on soil evaporation. Normal crop density with high mulch gave the lowest yield among all treatments because high mulching reduced the soil temperature and hindered the soil temperature increase in early spring. Compared with normal crop density with no mulch, the yield and WUE of winter wheat for high crop density with low mulch (HDLM) were enhanced by 20.6% and 21.9%, respectively. Compared with other treatments, HDLM gave the higher WUE due to the higher soil temperature, leaf area index, and biomass. Therefore, HDLM was an effective way to maximize the WUE of winter wheat in the NCP.
A Death in the Family: Property, Inheritance, and Belonging in Late Colonial Asante
Authors: Berry Sara
Published: July 2021

An inheritance dispute heard before one of the chiefs’ courts established in Asante under indirect rule illustrates the multivalent, dynamic character of social institutions at a time of economic and political transition. Litigated in 1951, the dispute raised questions about the meaning of ‘family’ and ‘belonging’, and their significance for people's access to wealth and their obligations to one another. Played out against a backdrop of potentially far-reaching social and political change in Ghana and beyond, cases such as this one suggest that terms such as ‘belonging’ and ‘family’ are best understood as labels for complex social processes, rather than facts that determine people's social identities and entitlements.
Multi-objective optimal trajectory planning for manipulators in the presence of obstacles
Authors: Zhang Xiaofu , Shi Guanglin
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a trajectory planning method based on multi-objective optimization, including time optimal and jerk optimal for the manipulators in the presence of obstacles. The proposed method generates a trajectory configuration in the joint space with kinematic and obstacle constraints using quintic B-spline. Gilbert–Johnson–Keerthi detecting algorithm is utilized to detect whether there is a collision and obtain the minimum distance between the manipulator and obstacles. The degree of constraint violations is introduced to redefine the Pareto domination, and the constrained multi-objective particle swarm algorithm (CMOPSO) is adopted to solve the time-jerk optimization problem. Finally, the Z-type fuzzy membership function is proposed to select the best optimal solution in the Pareto front obtained by CMOPSO. Test results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Trophic ecology of syntopic anurans of tropical stream communities
Authors: Plaza Jeszianlenn L. , Metillo Ephrime B. , Sanguila Marites B.
Published: July 2021

We investigated trophic resource partitioning in seven syntopic anurans from low- and mid-elevation stream habitats of a tropical riparian ecosystem by utilising stomach content analysis (SCA) and stable isotope analysis (SIA). Our SCA data revealed dietary similarities, narrow trophic niche breadth, and low dietary niche overlap inAnsonia muelleri, Limnonectes magnus, Occidozyga laevis, Megophrys stejnegeri, Pulchrana grandocula, Sanguirana mearnsi, andStaurois natatorwhich could be attributed to these anurans’ selection of available local prey items. We confirmed ant-specialisation (myrmecophagy) of the Mindanao island endemic bufonidA. muelleribased on our temporal SCA dietary data. Our SIA estimates of assimilation of potential prey sources confirmed thatL. magnus,P. grandocula, andO. laevisare generalist predators, opportunistically feeding on locally abundant insect prey items. This study on trophic resource partitioning in syntopic anurans provides the first picture of trophic interactions, i.e., predation and competition in stream communities in tropical riparian zones of a watershed ecosystem in northeast Mindanao of the southern Philippines.
‘They are all dead that I could ask’: Indigenous Innovation and the Micropolitics of the Field in Twentieth-century Southern Africa
Authors: King Rachel , Bonneau Adelphine , Pearce David
Published: July 2021

Recovering the agency, skill and innovation of archaeological field assistants from historical encounters is essential to interrogating processes of knowledge production, but is often hampered by access to appropriate archival sources and methods. We detail a field project from early twentieth-century Basutoland (modern-day Lesotho) that is unique both for its aim to salvage details of rock-art production as a dying craft and for its archive chronicling the project's intellectual journey from experiment to draft manuscripts to published work over more than three decades. We argue that critical historiographic attention to this archive offers a guide for examining the intimate dynamics of fieldwork and the effects of these micropolitics on the archaeological canon. We demonstrate how sustained attention to long processes of knowledge production can pinpoint multiple instances in which the usability of field assistants’ scientific knowledge is qualified, validated, or rejected, and in this case how an African assistant is transformed into an ethnographic interlocutor. For rock-art studies especially, this represents a need for interrogating the epistemic cultures—not just the content—of foundational historical data.
Characteristics of Prehospital Heat Illness Cases During the Annual Heat Wave Period in Telangana, India
Authors: Nadarajan Gayathri Devi , Rao GV Ramana , Reddy Keshav , Gimkala Aruna , Janumpally Rani , Ang Yukai , Woo Cheryl Ting Zhen , Neo Theng Hong , Wong Xiang Yi , Ong Marcus Eng Hock
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

Global warming and more intense heat wave periods impact health. Heat illness during heat waves has not been studied in the prehospital setting of a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). Early intervention in the community and in the prehospital setting can improve outcomes. Hence, this paper aims to describe the characteristics of heat illness patients utilizing the ambulance service in Telangana state, India with the aim of optimizing public prevention and first aid strategies and prehospital response to this growing problem.

Methods:

This retrospective observational study reviewed patients presenting to Telangana’s prehospital emergency care system with heat illness symptoms during the heat wave period from March through June in 2018 and 2019. Descriptive analysis was done on the prehospital, dispatch, and environmental data looking at the patients’ characteristics and prehospital intervention.

Results:

There were 295 cases in 2018 and 230 cases in 2019 from March-June. The overall incidence of calls with heat illness symptoms was 1.5 cases per 100,000 people. The Scheduled Tribes (ST) had the highest incidence of 4.5 per 100,000 people. Over 96% were from the white income group (below poverty line) while two percent were from the pink income group (above poverty line). From geospatial mapping of the cases, the highest incidence of calls came from the rural, tribal areas. However, the time to response in rural areas was longer than that in an urban area. Males with an average age of 47 were more likely to be affected. The three most common symptoms recorded by the first responders were vomiting (44.4%), general weakness (28.7%), and diarrhea (15.9%). The three most common medical interventions on scene were oxygen therapy (35.1%), oral rehydration salt (ORS) solution administration (26.9%), and intravenous fluid administration (27.0%), with cold sponging infrequently mentioned.

Conclusion:

This descriptive study provides a snapshot of the regions and groups of people most affected by heat illness during heat waves and the heterogeneous symptom presentation and challenges with management in the prehospital setting. These data may aid planning of prehospital resources and preparation of community first responders during heat wave periods.
Treating co-morbid insomnia and social anxiety disorder with sequential CBT protocols: a single-case experimental study
Authors: Wallsten Daniel , Norell-Clarke Annika , Alfonsson Sven , Gryphon David , Eriksson Hanna , Tillfors Maria
Published: July 2021

Background:

Although insomnia disorder and social anxiety disorder are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, no studies have yet evaluated the use of sequential evidence-based treatment protocols in the population with co-morbid social anxiety disorder and insomnia disorder.

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of sequential treatments on co-morbid insomnia disorder and social anxiety disorder. As depression is a common co-morbid syndrome for both insomnia and social anxiety, a secondary aim was to examine depressive symptoms.

Method:

A single-case repeated crossover AB design was used. Ten participants between 18 and 59 years of age with co-morbid DSM-5 diagnoses of insomnia disorder and social anxiety disorder received sequential treatments with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Seven participants completed the treatment course. The primary outcomes were symptoms of insomnia and social anxiety, and the secondary outcome was symptoms of depression.

Results:

The effects of CBT on people with co-morbid social anxiety disorder and insomnia disorder were mixed. The majority of participants improved their sleep quality and lessened symptoms of social anxiety and depression. However, participants differed in their degree of improvement concerning all three disorders.

Conclusions:

Sequential CBT treatments are potentially effective at decreasing symptoms of social anxiety and insomnia for people with co-morbid social anxiety disorder and insomnia disorder. The variation in outcome across participants makes firm conclusions about the treatment efficacy difficult to draw.