bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OBV (obscure vein), a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor, positively regulates chloroplast development and bundle sheath extension formation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf veins
Authors: Lu Jinghua , Pan Chunyang , Li Xin , Huang Zejun , Shu Jinshuai , Wang Xiaoxuan , Lu Xiaoxiao , Pan Feng , Hu Junling , Zhang Hui , Su Wenyue , Zhang Min , Du Yongchen , Liu Lei , Guo Yanmei , Li Junming
Published: November 2021

Leaf veins play an important role in plant growth and development, and the bundle sheath (BS) is believed to greatly improve the photosynthetic efficiency of C4 plants. The OBV mutation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) results in dark veins and has been used widely in processing tomato varieties. However, physiological performance has difficulty explaining fitness in production. In this study, we confirmed that this mutation was caused by both the increased chlorophyll content and the absence of bundle sheath extension (BSE) in the veins. Using genome-wide association analysis and map-based cloning, we revealed that OBV encoded a C2H2L domain class transcription factor. It was localized in the nucleus and presented cell type-specific gene expression in the leaf veins. Furthermore, we verified the gene function by generating CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and overexpression mutants of the tomato gene. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that OBV was involved in regulating chloroplast development and photosynthesis, which greatly supported the change in chlorophyll content by mutation. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that OBV affected the growth and development of tomato by regulating chloroplast development in leaf veins. This study also provides a solid foundation to further decipher the mechanism of BSEs and to understand the evolution of photosynthesis in land plants.
Clinical characteristics of Demodex-associated recurrent hordeola: an observational, comparative study
Authors: Jun Sung Yeon , Choi Yeon Jung , Lee Bo Ram , Lee Sang Un , Kim Sung Chul
Published: November 2021

Our study evaluated the association between Demodex infestation and recurrent hordeola and examined the clinical features associated with these eyelid lesions. This was an observational, comparative study. We reviewed 250 patients and divided them into the recurrent hordeolum (n = 153) and control (n = 97) groups. Demodex infestation was detected by epilating eyelashes around the lesion/s and viewing them under a light microscope. Patient medical records and photographs were retrospectively analyzed to identify the clinical characteristics of Demodex-associated recurrent hordeola. Demodex was detected in 91 (59.5%) and 17 (17.5%) patients in the recurrent hordeolum and control groups (p < 0.001), respectively. In the recurrent hordeolum group, Demodex mites were found in 74 (68.5%) and 17 (37.8%) of the adult and pediatric patients (p < 0.001), respectively. Among patients with recurrent hordeola, patients in their 20s were most likely to have concomitant Demodex infestation. Patients with Demodex infestations were also more likely to develop recurrent lesions within a shorter period of time from the primary incision and curettage. The most common presentation of Demodex-associated recurrent lesions was external hordeola (67%) (p = 0.002). Demodex infestation may cause recurrent hordeola in adults and children. These mites may play a greater role in the development of lesions in adult patients. The strongest association between Demodex infestation and recurrent lesions was seen in patients in their 20s. Our results suggest that if the hordeola recur within a short period of time with the clinical characteristics of external location of eyelid, multiple numbers of lesions, or anterior blepharitis, eyelash epilation should be performed to identify the presence of Demodex mites.
Zeolite-based nanocomposite as a smart pH-sensitive nanovehicle for release of xylanase as poultry feed supplement
Authors: Dashtestani Fariba , Ma’mani Leila , Jokar Farzaneh , Maleki Morteza , Eskandari Fard Mohammad , Hosseini Salekdeh Ghasem
Published: November 2021

Xylanase improves poultry nutrition by degrading xylan in the cell walls of feed grains and release the entrapped nutrients. However, the application of xylanase as a feed supplement is restricted to its low stability in the environment and gastrointestinal (GI) tract of poultry. To overcome these obstacles, Zeozyme NPs as a smart pH-responsive nanosystem was designed based on xylanase immobilization on zeolitic nanoporous as the major cornerstone that was modified with L-lysine. The immobilized xylanase was followed by encapsulating with a cross-linked CMC-based polymer. Zeozyme NPs was structurally characterized using TEM, SEM, AFM, DLS, TGA and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at liquid nitrogen temperature. The stability of Zeozyme NPs was evaluated at different temperatures, pH, and in the presence of proteases. Additionally, the release pattern of xylanase was investigated at a digestion model mimicking the GI tract. Xylanase was released selectively at the duodenum and ileum (pH 6–7.1) and remarkably preserved at pH ≤ 6 including proventriculus, gizzard, and crop (pH 1.6–5). The results confirmed that the zeolite equipped with the CMC matrix could enhance the xylanase thermal and pH stability and preserve its activity in the presence of proteases. Moreover, Zeozyme NPs exhibited a smart pH-dependent release of xylanase in an in vitro simulated GI tract.
Risk factor-based optimal endoscopic surveillance intervals after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric adenoma
Authors: Noh Choong-Kyun , Lee Eunyoung , Lee Gil Ho , Lim Sun Gyo , Lee Kee Myung , Roh Jin , Kim Young Bae , Park Bumhee , Shin Sung Jae
Published: November 2021

To date, there exists no established endoscopic surveillance interval strategy after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric adenoma. In this study, we suggest a risk factor-based statistical model for optimal surveillance intervals for gastric adenoma after ESD with curative resection. A cox proportional hazard model was applied to identify risk factors for recurrence after ESD. Patients (n = 698) were categorized into groups based on the identified risk factors. The cumulative density of recurrence over time was computed using a cubic splined baseline hazard function, and the customized surveillance interval was modeled for each risk group. The overall cumulative incidence of recurrence was 7.3% (n = 51). Risk factors associated with recurrence were male (hazard ratio [HR], 2.60, P = 0.030), protruded scar (HR, 3.18, P < 0.001), and age ≥ 59 years (HR, 1.05, P < 0.001). The surveillance interval for each group was developed by using the recurrence limit for the generated risk groups. According to the developed schedule, high-risk patients would have a maximum of seven surveillance visits for 5 years, whereas low-risk patients would have biennial surveillance for cancer screening. We proposed a simple and promising strategy for determining a better endoscopic surveillance interval by parameterizing diverse and group-specific recurrence risk factors into a well-known survival model.
Tunable biological nonvolatile multilevel data storage devices
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Yuting , Wen Dianzhong
Published: October 2021

The speed with which electronic products are updated is continuously increasing.
Dose-dependent effects of CeO2 nanomaterials on tomato plant chemistry and insect herbivore resistance
Authors: Xiao Zhenggao , Fan Ningke , Yue Le , Chen Feiran , Ji Haihua , Shu Yinghua , Rasmann Sergio , Wang Zhenyu
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of ENMs on plant chemistry and resistance against insect pests, and thus to promote the safe application of nanomaterials instead of organic fertilizers and pesticides in agroecosystems.
Pentacyclic spermidine alkaloids with radioprotective and anti-inflammatory activities from Orychophragmus violaceus
Authors: Xu Zan-Xin , Li Bin , Tian Ying , Li Min , Dong Jun-Xing , Zhang Guang-Jie
Published: October 2021

Two pairs of novel pentacyclic spermidine alkaloid enantiomers, (±)-orychoviolines A and B, were isolated from the seeds of Orychophragmus violaceus and represented the first example of a 2-piperidinone-fused hydrodibenzofuran skeleton.
Site-specific C–H chalcogenation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones enabled by Selectfluor reagent
Authors: Yuan Jin-Wei , Zhang Yang , Huang Guang-Chao , Ma Meng-Yao , Yang Teng-Yu , Yang Liang-Ru , Zhang Shou-Ren , Mao Pu , Qu Ling-Bo
Published: October 2021

A site-specific C6–H chalcogenation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with various diselenides and dithiols is presented by employing Selectfluor reagent as an oxidant.
Facile construction of peptidomimetics by sequential C–S/C–N bond activation of Ugi-adducts
Authors: Liu Chao , Song Liangliang , Peshkov Vsevolod A. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: October 2021

Diverse peptidomimetics containing a primary amide are prepared via the integration of an Ugi-4CR and sequential C–S/C–N bond activation.
Boosting nitrogen reduction on single Mo atom by tuning its coordination environment
Authors: Kong Lingyi , Qiu Siyao , Cai Qinghai , Zhao Jingxiang , Sun Chenghua
Published: October 2021

Through modulating various coordination combinations, a Mo-based SAC with a unique B, O-dual coordination (Mo-B3O) was revealed to exhibit superior NRR catalytic activity.
Advanced metal–organic framework-based membranes with ion selectivity for boosting electrochemical energy storage and conversion
Authors: Hao Zhendong , Wu Yue , Hu Yating , Wang Chengjie , Zhang Qianqian , Liu Jingbing , Jin Yuhong , Wang Hao
Published: October 2021

This review summarizes the recent advances of metal–organic framework-based membranes with ion selectivity for electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications.
Language Variation in the Writing of African American Students: Factors Predicting Reading Achievement
Authors: Fitton Lisa , Johnson Lakeisha , Wood Carla , Schatschneider Christopher , Hart Sara A.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine the predictive relation between measures obtained from African American students' written narrative language samples and reading achievement, as measured by standardized academic assessments.

Method

Written language samples were elicited from 207 African American students in Grades 1–8. The samples were examined for morphosyntactic variations from standardized written Generalized American English (GAE). These variations were categorized as either (a) specific to African American English (AAE) or (b) neutral across AAE and standardized written GAE (i.e., considered ungrammatical both in AAE and in standardized written GAE). Structural equation modeling was employed to then examine the predictive relation between the density of AAE-specific forms in students' writing and their performance on standardized assessments of literacy and reading vocabulary. This relation was examined while accounting for the density of dialect-neutral morphosyntactic forms, reported family income, age, and written sample length.

Results

The written samples were highly variable in terms of morphosyntax. Younger students and those from lower income homes tended to use AAE-specific forms at higher rates. However, the density of AAE-specific forms did not significantly predict standardized literacy scores or reading vocabulary after accounting for dialect-neutral variations, income, and sample length.

Conclusions

These results support the ongoing need to better understand the language, literacy, and overall academic development of students from all backgrounds. It may be essential to focus on dialect-neutral language forms (i.e., morphosyntactic forms that are consistent across both AAE and standardized written GAE) in written samples to maximize assessment validity across students who speak varying dialects of English.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16879558
140–315 GHz spectrum measurement system and application to radiation pattern measurement
Authors: Sekine Yuji , Takizawa Masanori , Mattori Shigenori , Fuse Masaaki , Shioiri Ken , Noda Hanako
Published: October 2021

Considering the recent increase in the frequency of wireless communications, we have developed a spectrum measurement system in the 140–315 GHz range. The measurement system has a low spurious response by pre‐selector over the whole band. For application, we measured radiation patterns emitted from a horn antenna, and the result shows that the measurement system is applicable to EIRP (equivalent isotropic radiated power) measurement of transmitters.
QuaSiMo: A composable library to program hybrid workflows for quantum simulation
Authors: Nguyen Thien , Bassman Oftelie Lindsay , Lotshaw Phillip C. , Lyakh Dmitry , McCaskey Alexander , Leyton‐Ortega Vicente , Pooser Raphael , Elwasif Wael , Humble Travis S. , de Jong Wibe A.
Published: October 2021

A composable design scheme is presented for the development of hybrid quantum/classical algorithms and workflows for applications of quantum simulation. The proposed object‐oriented approach is based on constructing an expressive set of common data structures and methods that enables programming of a broad variety of complex hybrid quantum simulation applications. The abstract core of the scheme is distilled from the analysis of the current quantum simulation algorithms. Subsequently, it allows synthesis of new hybrid algorithms and workflows via the extension, specialisation, and dynamic customisation of the abstract core classes defined by the proposed design. The design scheme is implemented using the hardware‐agnostic programming language QCOR into the QuaSiMo library. To validate the implementation, the authors test and show its utility on commercial quantum processors from IBM and Rigetti, running some prototypical quantum simulations.
Influence of oil–paper configuration on electric field distribution of main insulation structure on valve‐side winding of UHV‐DC converter transformer
Authors: Yang Lijun , Cheng Zhidong , Cheng Li , Liao Ruijin
Published: October 2021

The main insulation structure of the valve‐side winding of converter transformer bears the effect of AC and DC superimposed voltage during operation. The electric field intensity in the pressboard is much higher than that in the pressboard in the AC transformer. This condition increases the probability of failure of insulation structure. Therefore, the design and optimization of the main insulation structure of the valve‐side winding are keys to ensure the stable operation of converter transformer. This study establishes a model of the main insulation structure of the valve‐side winding of the ±1100 kV converter transformer. The influence of the insulating oil–paper configuration on the electric field distribution of the main insulation structure of the valve‐side winding is analysed, and then, an optimization idea is proposed. The oil–paper configuration includes two aspects: oil–paper insulation structural design and combination selection, that is, the influence of typical oil–paper structural design parameters and the aging state of different oil–paper combinations on the electric field distribution. Finally, the optimization idea of the oil–paper configuration for valve‐side winding of converter transformer is obtained, and the established model is optimized.
Fast recognition method for citrus under complex environments based on improved YOLOv3
Authors: Xiao Xu , Huang Jingjing , Li Ming , Xu Yongwei , Zhang Hongduo , Wen Chaowu , Dai Sihui
Published: October 2021

Here, the improved multi‐scale YOLO algorithm (Improved‐YOLOv3) is presented, which was proposed to realize fast and accurate recognition of citrus fruit in a field environment. With the modification of the YOLO‐styled network model, a darknet‐53 backbone network with residual modules was designed. A multi‐scale detection module was to construct a network model for rapid recognition of citrus fruit in complex environments. Using the improved model to detect and identify citrus fruit targets, the network model can extract more feature information. The improved YOLOv3 model was tested with citrus data, and the detection performance of the improved network and the influence of the number of backbone network layers on the feature extraction capability were compared. The results showed a good detection ability (detection rate, accuracy, map, detection speed) for the target fruit, and the improved YOLOv3 network showed higher accuracy. Moreover, the performance of different training models were compared: the Improved‐YOLOv3 has stronger robustness, higher detection accuracy, and shorter training time, and can recognize citrus in complex field environments. The experiment showed that the precision of Improved‐YOLOv3 was 90.5% and the accuracy reached 94.3%, the recall rate was 90.3%, the detection time was 9.89 ms per frame, which could provide technical support for this visual recognition system of citrus picking robot.
Mitigating stellar activity jitter with different line lists for least-squares deconvolution
Authors: Bellotti S. , Petit P. , Morin J. , Hussain G. A. J. , Folsom C. P. , Carmona A. , Delfosse X. , Moutou C.
Published: October 2021

Context. Stellar activity limits the radial velocity (RV) search and characterisation of exoplanets, as it introduces spurious noise (called jitter) in the data sets and prevents the correct retrieval of a planetary signal. This is key for M dwarfs, considering that they manifest high activity levels and are primary targets for present and future searches of habitable Earth-like planets. To perform precise RV measurements, multi-line numerical techniques like cross-correlation and least-squares deconvolution (LSD) are typically employed.

Aims. Effective filtering of activity is crucial to achieving the sensitivity required for small planet detections. Here we analyse the impact of selecting different line lists for LSD on the dispersion in our RV data sets, to identify the line list that most effectively reduces the jitter.

Methods. We employ optical spectropolarimetric observations of the active M dwarf EV Lac collected with ESPaDOnS and NARVAL, and study two line down-selection approaches: a parametric method based on line properties (depth, wavelength, magnetic sensitivity) and a randomised algorithm that samples the line combination space. We test the latter further to find the line list that singles out the activity signal from other sources of noise, and on AD Leo and DS Leo to examine its consistency at mitigating jitter for different activity levels. The analysis is complemented with planetary injection tests.

Results. The parametric selection yields a RV RMS reduction of less than 10%, while the randomised selection yields a systematic improvement (>50%) regardless of the activity level of the star examined. Furthermore, if activity is the dominant source of noise, this approach allows the construction of lists containing mainly activity-sensitive lines, which could be used to enhance the rotational modulation of the resulting data sets and determine the stellar rotation period more robustly. Finally, the output line lists allow the recovery of a synthetic planet (0.3–0.6 MJup on a 10 d orbit) in the presence of both moderate (20 m s−1 semi-amplitude) and high (200 m s−1) activity levels, without substantially affecting the planet signal (between 60 and 120 m s−1).
Comparative investigation of the influence of kaolin and dolomite on the properties of polyurethane foam
Authors: Omotoyinbo Joseph Ajibade , Oladele Isiaka Oluwole , Jabar Jamiu Mosebolatan , Borode Joseph Olatunde , Alaneme Kenneth Kanayo , Akinwekomi Akeem Damilola , Oke Samuel Ranti , Omotosho Taiwo Fisayo , Saliu Lawrence Ojo
Published: November 2021

This work investigates the influence of kaolin and dolomite on the properties of polyurethane foam. The selected fillers were pulverized and sieved to obtained < 90 μm that were used as reinforcements in the polyurethane matrix in a randomly dispersed mode. The matrix constituents were mixed in the same ratio while fillers were introduced via a one-shot system approach in predetermined proportions of 3–7 wt.%. The work was carried out to identify optimum fillers to be utilized in the production of polyurethane rigid foams given the effect of the fillers on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the foam. FTIR, XRF, and SEM and mechanical property tests were carried out on the filled polyurethane foam. The presence of the fillers in the foam showed a rupture in the structure of the foams with the cells having similar arrangements. The addition of dolomite and Kaolin degrades the sulfonic acid groups and promoted the appearance of Si–O stretching vibration band. The density, hardness, flexural and compressive strengths of the polyurethane foam were enhanced with the the addition of dolomite and kaolin particles.
An improved method for PV output prediction using artificial neural network with overlap training range
Authors: Wang Siyi , Zhang Yunpeng , Hao Peng , Lu Hao
Published: October 2021

Efficient and accurate photovoltaic (PV) modeling is significant for ensuring the stable operation of the power grid. The nonlinear output characteristics of PV modules are usually described by current–voltage (I–V) curves or power–voltage (P–V) curves. Traditional models normally include a diode model and an analytical model. The process of model parameter's extraction is complex and inconvenient because the equations of the diode model and analytical model are non-linear. In traditional extraction methods using a neural network, all irradiance training data are input into the neural network, which suffer from long training time and insufficient accuracy. In this paper, two neural networks with different training ranges are proposed to replace the whole neural network for predicting I–V curves, P–V curves, and maximum power of the analytical model. Each neural network consists of three layers. In detail, the input is the value of solar irradiance and module temperature, and the output is the shape parameters of the analytical model. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by massive experimental data of different PV modules. The output performance estimation of the proposed method is better than that of other methods.
Design of floating photovoltaic power plant and its environmental effects in different stages: A review
Authors: Ma Chao , Wu Runze , Su Hui
Published: October 2021

With the accelerated development of clean energies for carbon emission reduction, floating photovoltaic (FPV) has become an emerging solution. With its advantages of saving land, suppressing evaporation, and improving power generation efficiency, it has attracted the attention of the global clean energy field. According to the available surface area of artificial water bodies worldwide and system assumptions, the maximum global technical potential of FPV power plants is estimated to be 1000 GW. As FPV interacts tightly with the constructed water area, design of FPV is still lacking in theory, data, and experience. Environmental effects of FPV should also be clarified. This article introduces the current FPV power plant construction and future development trends. The site selection conditions of FPV power plant, the design elements of the upper power generation structure, and the overall characteristics of different types of lower floating structures are summarized. Finally, the complex interaction between the FPV power plant and the ecological environment is explained in terms of construction and operation. This review has a significant reference value for the design and construction of FPV power plants and the formulation of related construction codes.
An unusual material hosts both even and odd superconducting phases
Authors: Hill Heather M.
Published: November 2021

The heavy-fermion crystal combines properties of systems that have inversion symmetry and of those that break it.
Heralded path-entangled NOON states generation from a reconfigurable photonic chip
Authors: Yu Xinyao , Zhu Pingyu , Wang Yang , Yu Miaomiao , Wu Chao , Xue Shichuan , Zheng Qilin , Liu Yingwen , Wu Junjie , Xu Ping
Published: November 2021

Maximal multi-photon entangled states, known as NOON states, play an essential role in quantum metrology. With the number of photons growing, NOON states are becoming increasingly powerful and advantageous for obtaining supersensitive and super-resolved measurements. In this paper, we propose a universal scheme for generating three- and four-photon path-entangled NOON states on a reconfigurable photonic chip via photons subtracted from pairs and detected by heralding counters. Our method is postselection free, enabling phase supersensitive measurements and sensing at the Heisenberg limit. Our NOON-state generator allows for integration of quantum light sources as well as practical and portable precision phase-related measurements.
Is resale anxiety an obstacle to electric vehicle adoption? Results from a survey experiment in Switzerland
Authors: Brückmann Gracia , Wicki Michael , Bernauer Thomas
Published: November 2021

Electrification of private motorised transport is one of the most effective pathways to net-zero carbon emissions in the road transport sector. However, adoption rates of battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) are still relatively low in most advanced industrialised countries. One of the most widely discussed but so far understudied potential obstacles to BEV adoption is resale anxiety. It refers to the fear of comparatively low expected resale values of BEVs, resulting, among other reasons, from expectations concerning rapid progress in battery technology. However, based on three survey-embedded vignette experiments in Switzerland (N = 3901 in total), we find the opposite of resale anxiety: a higher expected resale value of BEVs compared to conventional cars. Our findings suggest that regulatory policy and social norm signals in this area are gaining ground, boding well for consumer acceptance of BEVs in the coming years.
Shear-strain-mediated photoluminescence manipulation in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Hwang Hyeong-Yong , Lee Sehyuk , Kim Yong-Hoon , Ullah Farman , Tam Le Chinh , Soo Kim Yong , Yee Ki-Ju , Stanton Christopher J , Jho Young-Dahl
Published: November 2021

In two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, normal strain can modulate electronic band structures, yet leaving the optical selection rules intact. In contrast, a shear strain can perturb the spin-valley locked band structures and possibly induce mixing of the spin subbands which in turn can transfer oscillator strength between spin-allowed bright and spin-forbidden dark excitons. Here, we report a novel scheme to manipulate photoluminescence (PL) in a monolayer WSe2-MoSe2lateral heterostructures, controlled by an external bending method in which strong out-of-plane shear strain (OSS) of up to 5.6% accompanies weak in-plane normal strain up to 0.72%. The spectra revealed a striking dependence on the bending direction that is stagnant in the negative (compressive) strain region and then rapidly changes with increasing positive (tensile) strain. The dependency of the PL signal under tensile bending was represented not only by the large energy shift (>40 meV) of the lowest excited states of both the WSe2and MoSe2monolayers, but also by the tendency to violate the optical selection rules that brightens (darkens) the excitons of the WSe2(MoSe2) side. The analyses on the observed energy shifts and PL intensity changes confirm the different origins in compressive bending compared with tensile bending. The well-established band-anticrossing is identified to be affecting only the compressive deformation region. The spectral changes in the tensile region, on the other hand, originates mainly from the generation of an off-diagonal perturbation to a spin-specific Hamiltonian induced by OSS. The degree of spin-state mixing, which correlates precisely with the spin-flip coefficient of the theoretical model, is further represented by the OSS matrix elements, the spin splitting energy, and the shear deformation potential.
Tunable triangular and honeycomb plasma structures in dielectric barrier discharge with mesh-liquid electrodes
Authors: FAN Weili , HOU Xiaohan , TIAN Miao , GAO Kuangya , HE Yafeng , YANG Yaxian , LIU Qian , YAO Jingfeng , LIU Fucheng , YUAN Chengxun
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate a method to generate tunable triangular and honeycomb plasma structures via dielectric barrier discharge with uniquely designed mesh-liquid electrodes. A rapid reconfiguration between the triangular lattice and honeycomb lattice has been realized. Novel structures comprised of triangular plasma elements have been observed and a robust angular reorientation of the triangular plasma elements with

θ
=

π
/
3

is suggested. An active control on the geometrical shape, size and angular orientation of the plasma elements has been achieved. Moreover, the formation mechanism of different plasma structures is studied by spatial-temporal resolved measurements using a high-speed camera. The photonic band diagrams of the plasma structures are calculated by use of finite element method and two large omnidirectional band gaps have been obtained for honeycomb lattices, demonstrating that such plasma structures can be potentially used as plasma photonic crystals to manipulate the propagation of microwaves. The results may offer new strategies for engineering the band gaps and provide enlightenments on designing new types of 2D and possibly 3D metamaterials in other fields.
Leveraging a multidisciplinary oversight committee to ensure USP <797> and <800> compliance at a Veterans Affairs health system
Authors: Wrzesniewski Carolyn E , Park Helen K
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Producing compounded sterile preparations (CSP) of the highest quality and ensuring safe hazardous drug handling are well-established priorities for pharmacy departments. Maintaining compliance with United States Pharmacopeia general chapters 797 and 800 (USP <797> and <800>) must also be a priority for health-system leadership. This report describes how a pharmacy-driven multidisciplinary committee was created to provide USP <797> and <800> oversight within a multicampus Veterans Affairs health system and the facility and safety outcomes achieved.

The Veterans Health Administration required facilities to establish an oversight committee to ensure USP-compliant CSP procedures and the safe handling of hazardous drugs in all aspects of the medication-use process. Spearheaded by the pharmacy department, the VA Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS) chartered the CSP Advisory Committee to achieve this goal.

The membership was composed of department heads in the areas of pharmacy, nursing, environmental management services, engineering, facility planning, safety, industrial hygiene, employee health, supply chain services, infection control, and quality management and the health system’s director’s office. The medication safety officer served as the executive secretary for the advisory committee and was responsible for agenda development, minutes, and coordinating timely follow-ups on action items; the VAPAHCS deputy director served as chair. Monthly meetings were conducted to receive updates on targeted sterile compounding and hazardous drug handling objectives: environmental controls and monitoring, compliance with regulatory requirements, staff competency, hazardous drug exposure event analyses, and development of well-defined health-system policy to guide practice.

Conclusion

Taking a multidisciplinary approach to USP <797> and <800> compliance facilitated communications, created engagement, and ensured completion of action plans.
Citizen Science in Postsecondary Education: Current Practices and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Vance-Chalcraft Heather D , Hurlbert Allen H , Styrsky Jennifer Nesbitt , Gates Terry A , Bowser Gillian , Hitchcock Colleen B , Reyes Michelle Anne , Cooper Caren B
Published: November 2021

Citizen science involves the public in science to investigate research questions. Although citizen science facilitates learning in informal educational settings, little is known about its use or effects in postsecondary (college or university) settings. Using a literature review and a survey, we describe how and why citizen science is being used in postsecondary courses, as well as the impacts on student learning. We found that citizen science is used predominantly in biologically related fields, at diverse types of institutions, to improve student engagement and expose students to authentic research. Considerable anecdotal evidence supporting improved student learning from these experiences exists, but little empirical evidence exists to warrant any conclusion. Therefore, there is a need to rigorously assess the relationship between citizen science participation and postsecondary student learning. We highlight considerations for instructors planning to incorporate citizen science and for citizen science projects wanting to facilitate postsecondary use.
Imaging for thinned perforator flap harvest: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Khoong Yi Min , Huang Xin , Gu Shuchen , Zan Tao
Published: November 2021

With advances in anatomical knowledge and technology, increased interest has been directed towards reconstruction with enhanced aesthetic and functional outcomes. A myriad of thinned perforator flap harvest approaches have been developed for this purpose; however, concerns about jeopardizing their vascularity remain. To ensure optimum reconstructive outcome without hampering the flap’s microcirculation, it is important to make good use of the existing advanced imaging modalities that can provide clear visualization of perforator branches, particularly in the adipose layer, and an accurate assessment of flap perfusion. Therefore, this review will highlight the imaging modalities that have been utilized for harvesting a thinned perforator flap from these two perspectives, along with future insights into creating both functionally and aesthetically satisfying, yet simultaneously safe, thinned perforator flaps for the best reconstructive outcomes for patients.
Magnetoencephalographic correlates of mood and reward dynamics in human adolescents
Authors: Liuzzi Lucrezia , Chang Katharine K , Zheng Charles , Keren Hanna , Saha Dipta , Nielson Dylan M , Stringaris Argyris
Published: October 2021

Despite its omnipresence in everyday interactions and its importance for mental health, mood and its neuronal underpinnings are poorly understood. Computational models can help identify parameters affecting self-reported mood during mood induction tasks. Here, we test if computationally modeled dynamics of self-reported mood during monetary gambling can be used to identify trial-by-trial variations in neuronal activity. To this end, we shifted mood in healthy (N = 24) and depressed (N = 30) adolescents by delivering individually tailored reward prediction errors while recording magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Following a pre-registered analysis, we hypothesize that the expectation component of mood would be predictive of beta-gamma oscillatory power (25–40 Hz). We also hypothesize that trial variations in the source localized responses to reward feedback would be predicted by mood and by its reward prediction error component. Through our multilevel statistical analysis, we found confirmatory evidence that beta-gamma power is positively related to reward expectation during mood shifts, with localized sources in the posterior cingulate cortex. We also confirmed reward prediction error to be predictive of trial-level variations in the response of the paracentral lobule. To our knowledge, this is the first study to harness computational models of mood to relate mood fluctuations to variations in neural oscillations with MEG.
Community socioeconomic deprivation and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk: findings from Portugal
Authors: Magalhães João Paulo M , Ribeiro Ana Isabel , Caetano Constantino P , Sá Machado Rita
Published: October 2021

Background

Socioeconomic differences have been observed in the risk of acquiring infectious diseases, but evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2 remains sparse. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and socioeconomic deprivation, exploring whether this association varied according to different phases of the national pandemic response.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data routinely collected for patients with a laboratorial result recorded in SINAVE®, between 2 March and 14 June 2020, were analysed. Socioeconomic deprivation was assessed using quintiles of the European Deprivation Index (Q1-least deprived to Q5-most deprived). Response phases were defined as before, during and after the national State of Emergency. Associations were estimated using multilevel analyses.

Results

The study included 223 333 individuals (14.7% were SARS-CoV-2 positive cases). SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence ratio increased with deprivation [PR(Q1)=Ref; PR(Q2)=1.37 (95% CI 1.19–1.58), PR(Q3)=1.48 (95% CI 1.26–1.73), PR(Q4)=1.73 (95% CI 1.47–2.04), PR(Q5)=2.24 (95% CI 1.83–2.75)]. This was observed during the State of Emergency [PR(Q5)=2.09 (95% CI 1.67–2.62)] and more pronounced after the State of Emergency [PR(Q5)= 3.43 (95% CI 2.66–4.44)].

Conclusion

The effect of socioeconomic deprivation in the SARS-CoV-2 infection risk emerged after the implementation of the first State of Emergency in Portugal, and became more pronounced as social distancing policies eased. Decision-makers should consider these results when deliberating future mitigation measures.
Age Trajectories of Perceptual Speed and Loneliness: Separating Between-Person and Within-Person Associations
Authors: Drewelies Johanna , Windsor Tim D , Duezel Sandra , Demuth Ilja , Wagner Gert G , Lindenberger Ulman , Gerstorf Denis , Ghisletta Paolo
Published: November 2021

Objectives

We aimed at examining between-person and within-person associations across age trajectories of perceptual speed and loneliness in old age.

Method

We applied multilevel models to 4 waves of data collected over 6 years from 1,491 participants of the Berlin Aging Study II (60–88 years at baseline, 50% women) to disentangle between-person and within-person associations across age trajectories of perceptual speed and both emotional and social loneliness. Sex and education were considered as relevant individual characteristics and included as covariates in the model.

Results

Analyses revealed that on average perceptual speed exhibited moderate within-person age-related declines, whereas facets of loneliness were rather stable. Perceptual speed did not predict age trajectories of emotional or social loneliness, at either the between- or within-person level. In contrast, loneliness discriminated individuals at the between-person level, such that those feeling emotionally or socially more lonely showed lower cognitive performance than those feeling emotionally or socially less lonely. Predictive effects of social loneliness were stronger for relatively young people (i.e., in their mid to late 60s) than for relatively older participants (i.e., in their 80s). In addition, predictive effects of social loneliness for perceptual speed at the within-person level were modest and deviated in direction and size from between-person social loneliness effects among those in their mid- to late 60s, whereas they did not among those in their 80s.

Discussion

We conclude that loneliness may serve as a precursor for basic cognitive functioning in old age and suggest routes for further inquiry.
Results of concomitant cryoablation for atrial fibrillation during mitral valve surgery
Authors: Bogachev-Prokophiev Alexander , Sharifulin Ravil , Karadzha Anastasiia , Zheleznev Sergey , Afanasyev Alexander , Ovcharov Mikhail , Pivkin Alexey , Zalesov Anton , Budagaev Sergey , Ivantsov Sergey , Chernyavsky Alexander
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES

Concomitant atrial fibrillation ablation during mitral valve (MV) surgery using radio frequency energy sources has been reported previously with excellent outcomes. However, data regarding the effectiveness of concomitant cryoablation remain limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of concomitant cryoablation in patients scheduled for MV surgery.

METHODS

Between 2012 and 2020, 242 adult patients who underwent MV surgery and concomitant cryoablation were included. Data on rhythm, medication status and clinical events were assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months, then annually thereafter.

RESULTS

Early mortality was 0.4%. The mean follow-up period duration was 43.9 months. The survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 97.3%, 94.3% and 87.7%, respectively. The rates of freedom from atrial arrhythmia paroxysms at 1, 3 and 5 years were 79.0%, 64.0% and 60.5%, respectively. Atrial arrhythmia recurrence was associated with isolated left atrial lesion set (P = 0.038), large right atrial size (P = 0.002), lower surgeon experience (P = 0.003) and atrial fibrillation paroxysms in the early postoperative period (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

Concomitant cryoablation during MV surgery is a safe and reproducible technique. The procedure provides acceptable freedom from atrial arrhythmias recurrences during long-term follow-up. The biatrial lesion set has advantages over the left atrium pattern in terms of atrial arrhythmias freedom. Surgeon experience significantly influences atrial fibrillation ablation success. Randomized trials are needed to compare radiofrequency and cryoablation.
Virological outcomes with dolutegravir plus either lamivudine or two NRTIs as switch strategies: a multi-cohort study
Authors: Borghetti A , Alkhatib M , Dusina A , Duca L , Borghi V , Zazzi M , Di Giambenedetto S
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To compare the efficacy of dolutegravir plus lamivudine dual therapy (DT) with that of dolutegravir plus two NRTIs triple therapy (TT) as switch strategies.

Methods

A multicentre cohort of HIV-positive, HBsAg-negative patients with viral suppression (HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL) switching to DT or TT was retrospectively selected from the ARCA database. The effect of DT versus TT on virological failure (VF; defined as two consecutive HIV-RNA values >50 copies/mL or one HIV-RNA value ≥200 copies/mL) was evaluated by multivariable Cox regression models, overall and after stratifying for the presence of NRTI resistance-associated mutations (RAMs).

Results

From December 2014 to June 2020, 628 patients were eligible: 118 (18.8%) started tenofovir/emtricitabine/dolutegravir, 306 (48.7%) abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir and 204 (32.5%) lamivudine/dolutegravir. The DT group had significantly higher nadir and baseline CD4 counts, a higher duration of viral suppression and a lower prevalence of RAMs at historical genotype. Overall, 41 VF occurred after a median of 1.7 years of follow-up, with a lower, but not statistically significant, rate for DT [versus TT, adjusted HR (aHR) = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.25–1.34]. However, DT was associated with less VF in the absence of RAMs when compared with tenofovir-based TT (aHR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.06–0.67), but not with abacavir-based TT (aHR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.17–1.11). Conversely, in the setting of pre-existing M184V/I, DT showed a trend to increased risk of VF (versus tenofovir-based TT, aHR = 137.50, 95% CI = 4.24–4464.06; versus abacavir-based TT, aHR = 33.88, 95% CI = 1.75–656.47).

Conclusions

Lamivudine/dolutegravir maintenance DT showed similar efficacy to dolutegravir-based TT; however, past M184V/I may favour VF.
Diagnostics for Dermatologic Diseases with Autoantibodies
Authors: Leiferman Kristin M , Snook Jeremy P , Khalighi Mazdak A , Kuechle Melanie K , Zone John J
Published: October 2021

Background

Dermatologic diseases with autoantibodies were recognized early as autoimmunity became accepted as a pathogenic immunologic concept. Laboratory testing to identify disease-defining autoantibodies and investigate their role in pathophysiology has evolved since.

Content

Blistering dermatologic diseases, profiled by autoantibody production, target epithelial components critical in cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion, resulting in epithelial separation and other characteristic features of the disorders. This review covers the clinical indications for dermatologic disease-related autoantibody testing, the specifics of procuring specimens to test, the available diagnostic tests, and information provided by the testing. Atypical, uncharacteristic, and less well-known clinical and autoantibody profiles as well as several of the many future prospects for expansion of the testing applications are elaborated on in the online Data Supplement.

Autoantibody-associated dermatologic diseases are acquired immunologic disorders that have considerable clinical implications affecting essential barrier functions of skin and mucous membranes and causing discomfort, including pain and pruritus. Certain of the diseases can have life-threatening manifestations, and treatments can have significant side-effects. The skin diseases may presage other clinical associations that are important to recognize and treat. Laboratory testing aids in the diagnosis of these diseases through identification of the autoantibodies and is essential for prompt and precise knowledge of the disease type for prognosis, further clinical evaluations, and treatment decisions.
Rights of Persons with Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders—A Tough Challenge for Psychiatric Medical Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pachnik Cezary , Rotuski Grzegorz
Published: October 2021

In this article the authors discuss the rights of one of the most vulnerable groups during a time of limited access to ordinary healthcare resulting from the COVID pandemic, namely, those with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (PSSDs). In the first part, the authors investigate international human rights law to highlight the most relevant rights and their legal basis. The authors conclude that the most significant are: the right to freedom of discrimination; the right to mental health care; the right to rehabilitation; the right to the least intrusive treatment based on the will of the disabled person; the prohibition of discriminatory denial of healthcare; and the right to be treated like other ill persons. In the second part of the article, the authors review the circumstances resulting from the COVID pandemic and attempt to propose solutions for the conflict between the rights of PSSDs and the obligation of the state. The conclusion of this legal investigation is that because of the ‘state-capability’ model of obligations indicated by CRPD, the most relevant for PSSDs rights is the principle of non-discrimination because of disability. This principle cannot be limited or derogated. On the other hand, this research indicates that the right to autonomous will of the PSSD patient has been the least respected during the current pandemic.
Why News Matters in Refugee Legal Proceedings: A Practitioner’s Perspective
Authors: Hew Jonathan
Published: October 2021

This article explores the close relationship between news reports and refugee lawyers' decision-making in legal proceedings. It finds that refugee lawyers rely on news reports in at least three ways, namely, as evidence in itself, the basis for other types of evidence, and a basis for their personal worldviews. However, it also finds that their reliance might not always be well placed and that, where it is not, refugee law and human rights consequences can ensue.