bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stasiun Jatinegara Era Revolusi Kemerdekaan Indonesia 1945-1949
Authors: Andi Andi , Gunawan Rudy , Sidik Humar , Abdulhadi Abdulhadi , Sudibyo Sigit , Sulistyana Ika Putri , Khofifatunnisa Khofifatunnisa
Published: August 2021

Jatinegara, in this case Jatinegara Station, is one of the locations that has historical traces of a series of events defending the independence of the Republic of Indonesia from the threat of the Dutch Kingdom assisted by the Allies, represented by the British) in the era of the Indonesian independence revolution in 1945-1949. The purpose of this research is to raise the events surrounding the revolution for Indonesian independence at Jatinegara Station in 1945-1949. The method used in this research is the historical research method. The stages in historical research begin with heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography or historical writing. The results showed that Jatinegara Station was involved in a number of events and state duties which were quite important for the continuity of the newly independent Republic of Indonesia. The incident, namely, the takeover of the power of the Railways/Railway Department in Jakarta (September 3, 1945), and the extraordinary Railway Events of the Indonesian President's Entourage Soekarno to Yogyakarta (January 3, 1946).Jatinegara dalam hal ini Stasiun Jatinegara adalah salah satu lokasi yang memiliki jejak sejarah serangkaian peristiwa mempertahankan kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia dari ancaman Kerajaan Belanda dibantu oleh pihak Sekutu, diwakili oleh Inggris) era revolusi kemerdekaan Indonesia tahun 1945-1949. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengangkat peristiwa-peristiwa seputar revolusi kemerdekaan Indonesia di Stasiun Jatinegara tahun 1945-1949. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah. Tahapan dalam penelitian historis diawali dengan heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi atau penulisan sejarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Stasiun Jatinegara terlibat dalam sejumlah peristiwa maupun tugas kenegaraan yang cukup penting bagi kelangsungan Republik Indonesia yang baru saja merdeka. Peristiwa tersebut yaitu, pengambilalihan kekuasaan Perkeretaapian/Djawatan Kereta Api di Jakarta (3 September 1945), dan peristiwa Kereta Api Luar Biasa rombongan Presiden RI Soekarno ke Yogyakarta (3 Januari 1946)
Experimental study of the strength characteristics of fixation of the symphysis pubis with an original plate for the reconstruction of the anterior pelvic semi-ring
Authors: Lazarev A. F. , Solod E. I. , Gudushauri Y. G. , Kalinin E. I. , Konovalov V. V.
Published: August 2021

The destabilization of bone fixators has led to repeated surgical interventions that increased the risk of migrations of metal fixators, infectious and inflammatory complications as well. The modern trends in hip bone injury surgery are related to developing and using of metal fixators, which are effective in acute injury; however, sometimes the condition of the patient and the technical support of hospitals don’t allow performing surgery in the acute period, and these metal fixators are ineffective for chronic damage. Consequently, until now, the problem of finding the optimal design of structures for fixing chronic damage of anterior pelvic semi-ring which will be able to exclude its destabilization, is still of current interest.

The purpose of the study: developing and experimental researching of durable features of original plate for reconstruction of the anterior pelvic semi-ring.

Materials and methods: In order to ensure stable fixation of chronic pelvic injuries, the original metal plates have been worked out. They are made individually in accordance with the anatomical and functional structures of the anterior pelvic semi-ring of the patient with using additive technologies. The study of the reliability of the different variants of ostiosynthesis of the anterior pelvic semi-ring with using well-known pelvic plates and a new original design was carried out. Stability tests for different plate fixing methods and mechanical strength of metallophyxators were carried out on a universal test machine of LFM-50kN series.

Results: one plate fixation in tensile test showed the lowest result – 0.341 kN, a low result of shear loads was received with the same object. The best result was shown by the polyaxial monolithic plate fixation in case of stretching – 0.51 kN at the shear loads – 0.591 kN. Necessary force applied to destabilizing of the metal structure while using a polyaxial monolithic plate was a half-higher than stretched, and a third higher than at shear loads, it demonstrates the benefits of using these metal fixators.

Conclusion: It is experimentally confirmed that the polyaxial monolithic plate provides the highest stability of fixing anterior pelvic semi-ring indicator in contrast with fixing of one or two plates.
Realitas Perkawinan Beda Agama Perspektif Keluarga Sakinah
Authors: Muhammad Nova Effenty
Published: August 2021

This paper concentrates on a happy family in Interfaith Marriage. According to the majority ulama, marriage is a theological activity that couple interfaith marriage will not a happy family. In this paper, I examine the interfaith marriage couple can be a happy family. Specifically, I ask how to concept a happy family according to the interfaith married couples? Further, how to manage family conflict on interfaith marriage for to get a happy family? To analyse a happy family on interfaith marriage couple, I use a qualitative analysis method with three approaches: Islamic law, sociology and psychology context.  I use data collection methods with observation, interviews, and documents. This research argues that religion is not a major factor in a happy family because interfaith marriage can be a happy family. Worries Ulama that interfaith couples cannot be a happy family does not happen. The contribution of this study as the antithesis according to ulama about interfaith marriage, that happiness is not correlated with religion.
Kompetensi Peradilan Agama Menangani Perkara Cerai Gugat dalam Tinjauan Fikih Islam
Authors: Baharuddin A. Zamakhsyari , Qowiyul Iman Rifqi
Published: August 2021

This study aims to highlight the review of Islamic jurisprudence regarding the competence of religious courts in handling judicial divorce as a reflection of the view that judges' actions to terminate the marriage relationship are unjustifiable and the only divorce institution is divorce which is husband's prerogative. The method applied is descriptive-analytic research method with the main data source is library research. The results of this study indicate that the Religious Court is not only a state institution, but also a religious institution as recorded in the Islamic literature, and a judge with the authority to pronounce divorce is actually playing the role of amar makruf nahi mungkar, therefor his authority is not only legally valid in the state law, but also has its own legitimacy regulated in Islamic jurisprudence.
Kontekstualitas Fikih Perempuan di Indonesia
Authors: Darwis Rizal
Published: August 2021

In reality, women are still considered to be second to men, both from the private and social aspects. This article discusses the contextuality of women in the private and social spheres in Indonesia. This research was studied with a juridical, normative and sociological approach. The results show that the understanding of some people in understanding religion still places religious arguments related to misogynism in positioning men and women in the private and social spheres. Even though in some religious arguments it does not differentiate it. Likewise, in the state guarantee through statutory regulations in Indonesia, the position of citizens is equal before the state, both men and women in the private and public or social spheres.
Produksi Program Siaran Dakwah Radio
Authors: Talalu Taufik R
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini ditulis dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana program siaran dakwah diproduksi. Program siaran dakwah yang tidak diproduksi dengan baik, pembawaan penyiar dan narasumber program siaran dakwah yang mengabaikan broadcast style menyebabkan keberadaan program siaran dakwah belum bisa memuaskan rasa ingin tahu masyarakat mengenai topik-topik keislaman sekaligus belum dapat menumbuhkan minat masyarakat untuk mempelajari ajaran agama Islam. Penelitian tentang program siaran dakwah ini dilakukan di radio Selebes Gorontalo menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan model studi kasus. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpukan dengan teknik wawancara dan teknik studi dokumentasi. Data dianalisis melalui tahapan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Selebes menyiarkan tiga program siaran dakwah, yakni Islam Discovery, Khazanah Islam, dan Opus (Obrolan Puasa). Islam Discovery dan Khazanah Islam berbentuk infotainment. Sedangkan Opus berbentuk talk show. Ketiga siaran dakwah ini mengudara setelah melalui tahapan manajemen strategis program siaran yang terdiri dari perencanaan program, produksi dan pembelian program, eksekusi program, serta pengawasan dan evaluasi progam.
Implikasi Perbedaan Qira'at dalam Istinbath Hukum
Authors: Basri Basri , Hamdani Fikri
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the differences in qiraat in terms of mut}laq and muqayyad which lead to differences in istinbat} Islamic law. Although qiraat is not the only basis for determining the law, it cannot be denied that the difference in qiraat has a major influence on the legal products which produced by the scholars. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this study discusses 3 verses in the Qur'an that have different qiraat which readings contain muqayyad on verses that are mut}laq, that, QS. al-Ba> qarah: 183-184 and QS. al-Ma>idah: 89 relating to the implementation of fasting, as well as QS. al-Ma> idah: 38 relating to the punishment of theft. From the study of the various qiraats found in the three verses, it can be understood that the existence of various qiraats that contain an insertion in the lafaz of a verse will cause the previous verse to have the status mut}laq to change to muqayyad. This difference in reading has led to the emergence of differences of opinion among scholars in establishing a law. Although some scholars say that the qiraat which is different from the Uthmani rasm is only an interpretation of a verse, it is even considered a syaz| qiraat.
Masyarakat Madani dan Penguatan Demokrasi Politik Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Jufri Andi
Published: August 2021

Civil society is a socio-political construct that places Islam and the State in a state of mutual need, namely, Islam, on the one hand, as a moral guide for state management, and the State, on the other, as a foundation for Islamic values. This conception refers to the significant amount of the Medina-built society of the prophet Muhammad and Khulafaurrasyidin, which consists of five key pillars: monotheism, humanism, deliberations, justice, and Brotherhood.

This research aims to investigate how civil society interacts with the growth of political democracy in Indonesia. The researcher used descriptive qualitative techniques in this investigation by analyzing primary data collected from library studies. The data were processed using discourse analyzes and hermeneutic analysis techniques. Besides, the researchers used the historical, sociological, philosophical, and theological convergence approach. The research result revealed that the process of consolidating and improving political democracy in Indonesia remained bureaucratic and did not wholly represent civil society characteristics
Epistemologi Penafsiran Farid Esack terhadap Ayat-Ayat Pembebasan
Authors: Mustamin Kamaruddin , Basri Basri
Published: August 2021

This article discusses Farid Esack 's epistemological side, who proposed an emancipatory interpretation of what was generally known as liberation hermeneutics in responding to social problems in South Africa. The method used in this research is the library method with analytical material and a historical-philosophical approach that functions to (a) analyze the text itself; (b) objectively trace the historical origins of the character's context, why it carried the hermeneutic idea of its liberation; and (c) analyze the socio-historical circumstances surrounding the character and find the essential building.

Based on the research result, the researcher found that Farid Esack 's thought-building was highly motivated by South Africa's socio-historical circumstances enduring humanitarian problems (apartheid). Farid Esack used critical reasoning (al-aql al-naqdy) in which the role of revelation (text), truth (context), and interpreter (reader) was linked in the compilation of his tafsir book. Meanwhile, the method of interpretation was the hermeneutics of the Qur'an based on the context and life experiences of the South African people, whose results were intended as the philosophical basis for freeing the whole society from all types of inequality and exploitation of economy, race, gender, class, and religion.
Pendidikan dan Gender dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Asiyah Nur , Ibrahim Sulaiman
Published: August 2021

This paper explores the growing problems of education and gender in Islam. Education is to create a gender-fair education in transforming Islamic theory of equality between men and women. Islamic teachings cover every aspect of life. Islam has been teaching and appreciating human rights principles since its inception (HAM). The main and important lessons are respect and appreciation for people and humanity. Islamic teachings concern the people very much who are looking for knowledge. Islamic education is the responsibility of every Muslim man and woman that has the same opportunities to achieve it.
Implementasi Pembelajaran PAI Melalui Daqu Method Pada Siswa di SMP Daarul Qur’an Bandung
Authors: Fauzi Achmad Fauzi , Ruswandi Uus , Samsul Arifin Bambang
Published: August 2021

This research examines the implementing PAI learning through the Daqu method for students at SMP Daarul Qur'an Bandung. The objectives of this study were: to analyze the general description of the Daqu Method in Daarul Qur'an Junior High School Bandung, and to analyze how the process of implementing Islamic Religious Education learning through the Daqu Method in Daarul Qur'an Junior High School students in Bandung. . This research is a field study (field research) using content analysis.

The results of this study indicate that the Daqu method in implementing Islamic Religious Education learning at Daarul Qur'an Bandung Junior High School, namely: 1

The results of his research are revealing Implementation of PAI Learning Through the Daqu Method in Junior High School Students Daarul Qur'an Bandung) Praying in congregation, in this activity there are indicators of PAI learning, a) obedience to Allah, b) have a sense of responsibility, c ) disciplined discipline, and d) comply with applicable regulations. 2) midnight prayer, dhuha, qabliyah and ba'diyah, in this activity there are indicators of Islamic education learning; a) obedience to God, b) discipline, c) responsibility. 3) The habit of zakat and sunnah fasting, in this activity there are indicators of PAI learning, including a) frugality, caring for others, empathy and generosity, b) obedience to God, honesty, and patience. 4) Al-Qur'an memorization program, in this activity there are indicators of Islamic Education learning, including: a) obeying Allah, b) being patient, c) always working hard, and d) persistence in activities and learning. 5) Learning and teaching, in this activity there are indicators of Islamic education learning, including: a) love of science, b) persistence in activities and learning, c) high enthusiasm and enthusiasm, d) independence, and e) self-confidence. . 6) Prayer, in this activity there are indicators of Islamic Education learning, including: a) tawakal to Allah, 2) qanaah attitude or willingness to accept
Efektifitas Penggunaan Metode Talking Stick dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Tamrin Kelas I Marhalah Tsanawiyah TMI Putri Al-Amien Prenduan
Authors: Sherly Quraisy  , Asmaniyah Asmaniyah
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research is to see how effective the talking stick method is for learning Tamrin class I Marhalah Tsanawiyah TMI Putri Al-Amien Prenduan. This research uses quantitative and experimental research methodologies in a single class. The researcher employed a pretest in this procedure. This research's population consisted of regular first-class female students, totaling 221 female students, with a sample of 10% of the population, namely regular class I students "B," totaling 22 female students. The Tamrin material test, observation, and documentation were employed as research instruments in this study. The T-test formula is a statistical data analysis methodology that was utilized. The calculated T-test value was 2.275, based on the results of the tests performed. dk = n-1 = 22-1 = 21 in this case. T-test table = 1.721 is calculated with dk = 21 and a margin of error of 5%. T-table (2.275 > 1.721) has a higher value than T-count (2.275 > 1.721). As a result, Ha was accepted whereas Ho was refused, indicating that adopting the talking stick method in Tamrin learning improved learning outcomes.
Historis Studi Islam Anak Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Andi Setiyawan  , Arif Noor Fu`ad
Published: August 2021

Islam is a complex and all-embracing religion. The treatise of Islam is not based solely on aqidah, but much larger than that. It is not an easy matter to introduce and teach Islamic studies to students particularly they still are on the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. For the children of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah to present and understand Islamic studies, approaches to study are necessary for them to understand it easier. The research used philosophical, sociological, theological, anthropological and historical approaches as the steps to introduce Islam to students. However, in this research, the researcher discussed how to introduce Islam to the students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah using a historical approach. The research method used was a literature study research method, which was a study of the literature. The method for collecting data is a review of books, notes, and reports on literature relating to the history of Islamic studies of the children of Madrasah ibtidaiyah. According to the findings of this study, it is possible to introduce and teach the cultivation of Islamic principles to Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students using a historical approach
ANALISIS FAKTOR TITIK KRITIS DAN UJI MALACHITE GREEN UNTUK MENENTUKAN STATUS HALAL AYAM POTONG DI TPA KECAMATAN MENES
Authors: Indriati Marlinda , Maulani Tuti Rostianti , Nurliawati Uti
Published: August 2021

This study aims to analyze the critical point factor and malachite green test to determine the halal status of broiler chickens in chicken slaughterhouses (TPA). Samples were taken from 4 landfills in Menes District. The research was conducted in 3 stages, namely first filling the halal slaughtering quisoner according to the LPPOM MUI standard (2011), with results of 80% in accordance with the halal chicken slaughtering technique. The second stage is the Malachite Green test, which aims to prove whether the process of slaughtering broiler chickens is perfect, seen from the removal of chicken blood which must also be perfect, the data obtained is that blood removal is carried out completely from all samples (negative carcass). The last stage is post-slaughter handling by testing Eacherichia coli microbial contamination. The average value of microbial contamination is 2.6 x 104 cfu / gr with purple colonies on brilliance media, and the amount of e.coli contamination of broiler chicken meat exceeds the maximum limit of Eacherichia Coli microbial contamination (BMCM) of fresh chicken meat is less than 1 x 101 cfu / gr.
STUDI ETNOMATEMATIKA: KAIN BERBAHAN DASAR HALAL DITINJAU DARI MOTIF SADULUR BATIK LEBAK PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Subekhi Andri Imam , Oktavia Swastika
Published: August 2021

Ethnomatematics is mathematics that is contained in culture. The purpose of this research is to examine the material of the sadulur batik lebak banten motif through aspects of halal products. The research method used is a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The data collection techniques used are literature study, interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity checks were carried out by extending observations, increasing persistence, using reference materials. The result of this research is that in the batik sadulur motif of lebak banten, there is a halal aspect of the material used in the form of batik cloth, the equipment used such as cloth, chanting and coloring.
Office Politics: Tatarstan’s Presidency and the Symbolic Politics of Regionalism
Authors: Lenton Adam Charles
Published: August 2021

This article explores developments in center-region relations between the Russian federal government and the Republic of Tatarstan, a federal subject of the Russian Federation. I argue that instrumentalist accounts are unable to satisfactorily explain several key moments in Tatarstan’s relations with the federal center, and that a focus on symbolic politics provides important analytical leverage. I examine three such episodes: aborted plans to introduce a Latin script for the Tatar language in 1999, the expiration of treaty-based relations and the assault on the region’s Tatar-language education policy in 2017, and the institution of the presidency – which exists to this day. In all three cases, interest-based explanations alone fail to account for what actually happened, whereas ideational explanations can help explain and interpret regional leaders’ actions. This has important implications for how we understand regional political dynamics in Russia amidst conditions of centralization.
Serenade in D Major for Orchestra
Authors: Smyth Ethel
Published: August 2021

Ethel Smyth's first orchestral work, the Serenade in D Major for Orchestra, was composed in 1889 (and possibly early 1890) and was premiered at a Crystal Palace concert on 26 April 1890. The work was received well by the audience and garnered positive notices in the press. This critical edition is based on a photocopy of the autograph manuscript, now in the Royal College of Music Library, with reference also to a fair copy of the score, now in the British Library. The extensive critical notes document the changes made by the composer, as well as editorial and performance suggestions made by both the composer and August Manns, who conducted the premiere performance.

The present whereabouts of Ethel Smyth's autograph score for her Serenade in D Major are unknown. The facsimile supplement presents a photocopy of the score that was made, according to the label on the cover, in August 1993, and which is now in the Royal College of Music Library. The introduction to this edition includes a biographical sketch of August Manns, conductor of the premiere performance.
Seasonality in Arctic Warming Driven By Sea Ice Effective Heat Capacity
Authors: Hahn Lily , Armour Kyle , Battisti David , Eisenman Ian , Bitz Cecilia
Published: August 2021

Arctic surface warming under greenhouse gas forcing peaks in early winter and reaches its minimum during summer in both observations and model projections. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain this seasonal asymmetry, but disentangling these processes remains a challenge in the interpretation of general circulation model (GCM) experiments. To isolate these mechanisms, we use an idealized single-column sea ice model (SCM) which captures the seasonal pattern of Arctic warming. SCM experiments demonstrate that as sea ice melts and exposes open ocean, the accompanying increase in effective surface heat capacity can alone produce the observed pattern of peak early winter warming by slowing the seasonal heating and cooling rate, thus delaying the phase and reducing the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of surface temperature. To investigate warming seasonality in more complex models, we perform GCM experiments that individually isolate sea-ice albedo and thermodynamic effects under CO2 forcing. These also show a key role for the effective heat capacity of sea ice in promoting seasonal asymmetry through suppressing summer warming, in addition to precluding summer climatological inversions and a positive summer lapse-rate feedback. Peak winter warming in GCM experiments is further supported by a positive winter lapse-rate feedback that persists with only the albedo effects of sea-ice loss prescribed, due to cold initial surface temperatures and strong surface-trapped warming. While many factors support peak early winter warming as Arctic sea ice declines, these results highlight changes in effective surface heat capacity as a central mechanism contributing to this seasonality.
Visible Light Positioning with Multiple Transmitters and Multiple Receiving Sensors
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Salman
Published: August 2021

Visible light communications (VLC) based positioning systems will form an important part of the future generation wireless communication systems because they offer higher accuracy for indoor positioning as compared to radio frequency based systems. In this paper, we have used non Bayesian statistical signal processing techniques for the hybrid time-of-arrival/received-signal-strength and hybrid time-difference-of-arrival/received-signal-strength based positioning. These hybrid measurements are combined with the following fusion algorithms: weighted least squares and the best linear unbiased estimator. These two fusion algorithms are compared in terms of the mean Euclidean error as a function of various parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio, transmitter arrangement and synchronization error. Even though the performance of the weighted least squares algorithm is better, the best linear unbiased estimator is still an attractive algorithm for systems that require a lower complexity.
Effects of outcome revaluation on attentional prioritisation of reward-related stimuli
Authors: Le Jenny Thao , Watson Poppy , Le Pelley Mike
Published: August 2021

Stimuli associated with rewards can acquire the ability to capture our attention independently of our goals and intentions. Here, we examined whether attentional prioritisation of reward-related cues is sensitive to changes in the value of the reward itself. To this end, we incorporated an instructed outcome devaluation (Experiment 1a), ‘super-valuation’ (Experiment 1b), or value switch (Experiment 2) into a visual search task, using eye-tracking to examine attentional prioritisation of stimuli signalling high- and low-value rewards. In Experiment 1a and 1b, we found that prioritisation of high- and low-value stimuli was insensitive to devaluation of a previously high-value outcome, and super-valuation of a previously low-value outcome, even when participants were provided with further experience of receiving that outcome. In Experiment 2, following a value-switch manipulation, we found that prioritisation of a high-value stimulus could not be overcome with knowledge of the new values of outcomes alone. Only when provided with further experience of receiving the outcomes did patterns of attentional prioritisation of high- and low-value stimuli switch, in line with the updated values of the outcomes they signalled. To reconcile these findings, we suggest that participants were motivated to engage in effortful updating of attentional control settings when there was a relative difference between reward values at test (Experiment 2) but that previous settings were allowed to persist when both outcomes had the same value at test (Experiment 1a and 1b). These findings provide a novel framework to further understand the role of cognitive control in driving reward-modulated attention and behaviour.
Representation of Conventional Gender Roles in Prasad
Authors: Bista Asmita
Published: August 2021

The film Prasad reveals the prevailed gender practices in Nepali society that instigate to perform the stereotyped gender roles to the characters. So, the study aims to investigate how do characters construct the conventional gender identities. Likewise, this article intends to assess the reasons that force the characters to firmly stick to the prescribed gender roles. Similarly, to examine the consequences the characters go through while performing the traditional gender roles, is another objective of this article. To meet these objectives, Gender studies has been used as theoretical tools. Particularly, Judith Butler’s, and R.W. Connell’s idea of gender theory has been used. These theorists propose theory of gender as constructed phenomenon that is achieved through the constant performance. This article contributes to understanding the harmful consequences caused by conventional gender roles to the people. The study concludes that assigning the stereotyped gender roles to the characters, the film Prasad indorses the existing gender stereotype.
Project-Based Learning (PBL) in Nepalese EFL Classroom
Authors: Bastola Ganesh Kumar
Published: August 2021

Project-based learning is an innovative method to improve language skills. This study explores the five assets of project-based learning in the Nepalese context. It aims to examine how different dynamics of projects help students overcome their language learning difficulties and to show the relevancy of Project-Based Learning despite having many approaches and techniques in the anti-method era. Data for this study were collected both from primary and secondary sources. For eliciting primary information, I interviewed two of the EFL teachers and for the secondary data, I consulted research articles, books, dissertations, and reports related to project-based learning. I also employed the document analysis method in the paper since it is a theoretical review-based article where the researcher coded, thematized, and analyzed very sequentially to elicit meaning, gain understanding, and develop empirical knowledge about project-based learning. Innovative and learner-friendly curriculum demands for practical, pedagogical and project-based engagement in the 21st-century classroom which has seriously been ignored in the Nepalese EFL classroom. Noticing the unexplored status of the project-based learning approach, I stressed exploring the relevancy of PBL in the EFL classroom. More specifically, the prior methods used for achieving the expected outcomes of the paper are synthesis, deduction, analysis, interpretation and generalization. Findings indicate that project-based learning is an alternative tool and the best option for students to enhance their pedagogical content knowledge, creativity, and critical thinking.
Quest for Female's Identity in Tiwari's Prashnaharuko Kārkhānā
Authors: Mishra Indira Acharya , Rana Luna
Published: August 2021

Sarita Tiwari (2015) in her collection of poems, Prashnaharuko Kārkhānā [Factory of Questions] protests the tradition of wearing ornaments and cosmetics by women. Likewise, she rejects the use of submissive symbols and metaphors that have been used by the creative writers to define women. She identifies them as ploys that patriarchy has invented to maintain the subordination and subjugation of women to men.  She argues that these techniques mystify and blur women's identity, so she questions and challenges them. Thus, this article analyzes five poems from the anthology to examine how the poet protests the traditional norms and values of patriarchy that define women as secondary to men and search for female's identity through them. To examine the quest for female's identity in her poetry, this article takes theoretical support from feminist critics like Mary Daly, Kate Millet, Naomi Wolf and others. These critics believe that patriarchy uses different types of myths to maintain women's secondary position in the society. The article concludes that in the quest for female's identity independent of men, Tiwari protests the tradition and culture that emphasize women's beauty and their submissive roles in the society. Through their interrogating tone and syntax, the selected poems challenge patriarchal norms which have been imposed upon women to erase their identity. The study helps to understand how patriarchy manipulates the myths of religion and beauty to maintain males’ supremacy over females.
Prospects and Challenges Faced by Secondary Teachers while Integrating ICT in Nepalese ESL Classrooms
Authors: Khadka Kabita
Published: August 2021

Teaching and learning in the 21st century has been embedded with technology. Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a crucial role in ameliorating knowledge acquisition in general and enhancing English Language mastering in particular. The government of Nepal has made provision of integrating ICTs in school education to enhance quality education and make both teachers and learners confident and competitive in the present global world. The teachers are the real implementers of the policy into practice. In this context, this research intends to investigate secondary level English teachers’ skill and motivation in using ICTs while teaching the English language. This is a qualitative study that uses a phenomenological approach to obtain information according to Denzin (2019) in which the participants in the study included eight schools and 16 teachers at different schools in Nepal. They were selected purposefully since selecting the best participant ensures the intended information (Creswell & Creswell, 2017). The telephonic interview was conducted and open-ended questions were administered electronically and all necessary directions were provided to them so that they could respond to those questions. The findings imply that teachers should be given opportunities for training on ICT use for building up their skill, motivation, knowledge and confidence.
Postmodernism and Post Structuralism: A Literary Dichotomy
Authors: Tumbahang Mohan Kumar
Published: August 2021

This article entitled 'Postmodern and Post Structuralism: A Literary Dichotomy' has fairly attempted to compare and contrast between the most discussed and comprehensive notions of postmodernism and post structuralism in a possible precise form. In addition, the study focuses on dichotomies of these trends against their respective pre-forms, 'modernism' and 'structuralism' as well. Their tendencies in literary creation and theory have been briefly discussed. The study method it has availed is essentially the qualitative research design which is concerned with establishing answers to 'why' and 'how' of the study in question. The writing is based on the views on the foreign writers, scholars and critics in different published materials or the online resources. The views forwarded by the aforementioned personalities have been duly considered and cited in both types of citations-direct as well as paraphrased versions. This study has followed the comparison and contrast as its theory. After the discussion or analysis, the findings have been deducted that these two terms are confusing especially for the beginners because there are certain similarities as well as dissimilarities between them in specific cases. The study is expected to be helpful for both the teacher and students of literature especially in the field pedagogy or the individuals who are not directly related to pedagogical issue.
Empowering Women Through Mother Groups: A Case Study of Hanshposha Aama Samuha, Itahari- 20, Sunsari
Authors: Poudel Tanka Mani
Published: August 2021

Empowering of women has become the major aspect of growth of the financial system of a country. It is basically the manner of enhancement of social, economic, cultural and political standing of women, the conventionally disadvantaged, neglected ones, in the society. This study has been carried out in Itahari sub-metropolitan, Sunsari district. The central theme of this study is to assess the role of Aama Samuha for empowerment of women and social development. This study entertains both primary as well as secondary data. The primary data have been collected from the field through survey Questionnaire, semi-structure interview, and observation. The interview was focused mainly on empowerment of women through mothers group, problems faced by the members of MG, while working in the group, attitude of males toward mothers group and role of mothers group in social development. Mothers Group of Hanshposha has contributed much in social development like cleaning trails, making road, plantation on public area, financial support to local school, and construction of building for temples, financial support to helpless people and poor people and maintaining peace and harmony in the community.
भूपि शेरचनको हामी कवितामा संसक्ति व्यवस्था
Authors: अधिकारी अनिल , ओझा रमेश
Published: August 2021

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा कवि भूपि शेरचनद्वारा लिखित ‘हामी’ कविताको संसक्ति व्यवस्थाको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनको पूर्णताका लागि सङ्कथन अध्ययनभित्र संसक्ति व्यवस्थालाई सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका रूपमा प्रयोग गरिएको छ । मूल समस्या र शोध्यप्रश्नको समाधान गर्न लागि गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान र पाठ विश्लेषण विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा हामी नेपालीको समकालीन पराधीन सोच र अभिवृत्तिलाई प्रस्तुत गर्ने क्रममा आएका विभिन्न सन्दर्भको संयोजनबाट सुसम्बद्ध पाठसम्बद्ध पक्षको विवेचना गरिएको छ । संसक्ति सङ्कथन अध्ययन अन्तर्गतको पाठविश्लेषण गर्ने प्रतिमान हो भने यसका व्याकरणिक र कोशीय भेद रहेका छन् । संसक्तिले भाषालाई केन्द्रविन्दुमा राखी पाठमा अवशिष्ट परिवेश, सन्दर्भहरूको अन्वयबाट पाठगत सुसम्बद्धताको खोजी गर्दछ । यस अध्ययनमा व्याकरणिक र कोशीय प्रतिमानका आधारमा कविताको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । समकालीन परिवेशभित्र नेपाली मानसिकतामा स्थापित रहेको पराधीन सोच र अकर्मण्य अभिवृत्तिद्योतक मूलसन्दर्भसँग सम्बन्धित विभिन्न सहायक सन्दर्भको सृजना गरी संसक्ति सम्बद्धता सृजना भएको तथ्यलाई कवितामा प्रयोग भएका व्याकरणिक र कोशीय संसक्तिका रूपमा प्रयोग भएका एकाइले पाठका सन्दर्भ शृङ्खलालाई एकान्वित तुल्याई संरचनागत सुसम्बद्धता सृजना गरी सङ्गठित पाठको निर्माण गरेका छन् भने सङ्कथनभित्र आएका विविध आर्थीसंरचना भएका शब्दशृङ्खलाले कविताका भाव, अर्थ, परिवेश र सन्दर्भलाई एकत्वपूर्ण प्रवाहमा जोडी सुगठित पाठ निर्माण गरेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
नेपाली भाषाका क्रियापदहरूको रूपविश्लेषण
Authors: न्यौपाने दीपकप्रसाद
Published: August 2021

नेपाली भाषाका क्रियापदको संरचनात्मक स्वरूपको विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित रहेको यस लेखमा नेपाली भाषाका समापिका क्रियामा रहेका रूपहरूको स्वरूप र तिनीहरूको संरचनाको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यसमा रूपको विश्लेषणसँग सम्बन्धित विद्वान् लेखकहरूका पुस्तक तथा अनुसन्धानमूलक लेखहरूलाई सामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको छ । वर्णनात्मक तथा विवरणात्मक विधिद्वारा सामग्रीको विश्लेषण गरिएको यस लेखमा सोद्देश्य नमुना छनोट विधिको प्रयोग गरी ‘पढ्’ र ‘जा’ धातुबाट काल, पक्ष, भाव, वाच्य तथा निषेधनका आधारमा व्युत्पादन भएका क्रियापदहरूको छनौट गरी ती क्रियामा रहेका रूप तथा संरूपहरूको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । नेपाली भाषामा व्यक्ति, मुक्त, बद्ध, कोशीय, व्याकरणिक, शून्य, रिक्त, सम्पृक्तलगायतका रूपहरू प्रायः रेखीय ढाँचामा आएर क्रियापदको निर्माण गर्ने भएकाले मुख्य रूपमा एकाइ र व्यवस्थापन पद्धति र केही केही सन्दर्भमा शब्द र रूपावली पद्धतिद्वारा यी क्रियापदमा प्रयुक्त रूपहरूको विश्लेषण गर्न सकिने निष्कर्षलाई यस लेखमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
Plant microRNA: Methods of studying and the role in the development of symbiosis with beneFicial microorganisms
Authors: Зорин Е.А. , Кулаева О.А. , Жуков В.А.
Published: August 2021

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression due to rather strict complementarity to their mRNA and have a length of 20-24 nucleotides. Plant microRNAs control a wide range of physiological processes, including nutrition, growth, resistance reactions and interaction with other organisms, via modulation of the expression of transcription factors, stress-induced proteins, hormone biosynthesis enzymes, and other genes. Legumes are able to form mutualistic symbioses simultaneously with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhiza. Both the early and late stages of these symbiosis are regulated by complex genetic mechanisms. As it has become known in recent years, one of these mechanisms is the regulation of gene expression by microRNA. The study of microRNAs is carried out by various methods, but over the past decade, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have become the most popular approach in this field. NGS is used to identify conservative and novel microRNAs in the genomes of various organisms (both model and non-model), as well as to study the functioning of microRNAs in various experimental conditions with the additional use of transcriptome and degradome sequencing data. The article describes the main stages of working with microRNA sequencing data: quality control of reads (with a list of programs required at this stage), identification of conservative and novel microRNAs using miRDeep2 tool, search for targets of identified microRNAs using PAREsnip2, functional annotation of targets and the use of statistical tests for the analysis of functional enrichment, which facilitates the interpretation of the data obtained and allows us to make assumptions about the biological consequences of the activity of identified microRNAs in the object under study. This information may be useful for researchers who deal with microRNAs in silico for the first time or want to save time and resources on searching and analyzing information about the tools needed to work with microRNA sequencing data.
Farcial futile pharmacy fiasco -let pharmacy return to its apothecary roots!
Authors: Seun Ayoade Mister
Published: August 2021

INQUIRER – Congratulations! You are now a pharmacist. PHARMACIST- Thank you. INQUIRER-So what can you do as a pharmacist? PHARMACIST-I can sell people drugs after the doctor prescribes them. INQUIRER-Can you manufacture drugs? PHARMACIST- No I cannot. Chemists, chemical engineers, pharmaceutical scientists and pharmaceutical manufacturing technicians and technologists can do that. INQUIRER- So all you do is read the prescription, check your shelf and hand the drugs over to the patient.
Revisiting the paper on “Applications of Graph Theory to Enzyme Kinetics and Protein Folding Kinetics: Steady and Non-steady State Systems”
Authors: Chou Kuo-Chen
Published: August 2021

About 30 years ago a very important paper on “Applications of graph theory to enzyme kinetics and protein folding kinetics: steady and non-steady state systems” was published
Ameliorating Effect of Green Tea Aqueous Extract against Histo pathophysiological Changes Induced by Ciprofibrate in the liver of Male Albino Rats
Authors: Azab Azab
Published: August 2021

Background: The liver is a specific target for drug toxicity because of its role in removal and metabolism of chemicals by converting drugs into another forms that can be readily removed from the body. It is known that the main function of the liver is the elimination of toxins that may enter the body, thus becoming vulnerable damaged during this mechanism, which can be revealed as bleeding, congestion, necrosis or other conditions of liver injury. Ciprofibrate belongs to widely used class of lipid-regulating agents, which stimulate hepatic cells and the hepatic cell becomes uncontrollably divided, causing liver growth. It causes liver cell proliferation in addition to other pleiotropic effects such as peroxisome proliferation and induction of certain peroxisomal and cytosolic enzymes in liver. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of green tea aqueous extract administration against the biochemical and histological alterations induced in the liver by ciprofibrate in male rats. Materials and Methods: In the current study 3 groups of 6 male rats were used (Control group, 100mg\Kg body weight, and Cipro 100mg\Kg body weight with green tea). The rats have been treated daily orally by gavages for 21 days. On the last day of the experiment the animals were killed then blood samples and parts from the liver were collected. Liver function was examined for the serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP), enzyme activities, and serum total & direct bilirubin concentrations. The histopathological investigation was conducted for the liver tissues of all groups. Results: Treatment of male rats with 100 mg\Kg body weight of ciprofibrate caused a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, and ALP activities, total, and direct bilirubin concentration. Histologically, there were histological changes in central vein area and portal zones, revealed congestion in blood sinusoids, necrosis in hepatic cells, and damage in central vein lining epithelium. Co-administration of green tea aqueous extract with Ciprofibrate significantly improved the structural changes in the liver and the serum ALT, AST, and ALP activities, total, and direct bilirubin concentrations were significantly declined. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Ciprofibrate treatment induced elevation in liver function tests and severe histopathological changes and green tea aqueous extract was able to protect the liver against these effects in male rats. So, the patients should be advised to take green tea aqueous extract while they are treated by ciprofibrate.
Survey Extent Antibiotics and Others Pediatric-intoxication Affected Pediatric-public-health in Saudi-society
Authors: Sabra Sherifa
Published: August 2021

This paper was for "Survey extent antibiotics (As) and others pediatric-intoxication (PI) affected pediatric-public-health (PPH) in Saudi-society (SS)". That showed for age (0-2) year (yr) un-aware parents 70% for drugs-intoxication (DsI) symptoms. Parents 69% using colored and smelled attractive materials, drug 78.2% was used for kid without medical prescription (MP). For age (3-6) yr, 56.8% used Ds of non-MP. Parents 73.1% used their own medicines in front of their kids. In age (7-13) yr, PI showed 5%, it was by parents used same drug for kids represented 45.4%. It was 20.6% noticed new symptoms on their kids and did not go to pediatric Doctor Clinic. PI for age (0-2) yr was 4.3%, AsI was 16.7% that of DsI cases in SS. It was for age (3-6) yr with drugs and other equivalent 11.4%. AsI was 43.4% and non-DsI 57.7%, revealed 21.2% and non-AsI was 21.1%. PI for age (7-13) yr were 54.3% of cases of DsI. That 17.2% was of the AsI cases, One-third of the DsI were considered high, 37.1% non-DsI. That concluded the parents' awareness and education to improve PI reduction. As well they must do not leave different materials closely to kids, to make this difficult to obtain and difficult to use. They must teaching kids the seriousness effects of as and others on their health that will keep PPH in SS. Must recommended "Health Education" for parents to know PI dangerous, decrease PI through MP, consulting Pediatric Doctor, keep chemical materials and drugs away from kids.
Biological Test for Triazine Efficacy Eradication of Pathogenic Bacteria, Ranyah, KSA
Authors: M. Sabra Sherifa Mostafa
Published: August 2021

The objectives were to use triazine chemico-pharmaco complexes to test their efficacy eradication of pathogenic bacteria were Staphylococcous aureus (Staph. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Average eradication of Staph. aureus was obvious in samples 4 and 5, followed by 2 and then 1 and 3. The ratio were duple from the preceding one. While for E. coli included the fifth sample, then fourth, then first, second and third. It was quick, but not duplication, to reach complete eradication. Average turbidity degree of Staph. aureus presented in the fourth and fifth samples at 10 hr, then the second sample at 12 hr and the rest at 14 hr. From the average turbidity degree, it turned out that the turbidity gradually disappeared and moved from one degree to another after two hours, while at 12 hr and 14 hr it was in the same class and reached the absence of turbidity degree at 14 hr. So long, for E. coli was disappeared in the fifth sample at 10 hr, followed by the fourth sample at 12 hr and the rest at 4 hr. From the average turbidity degree, it was gradually disappeared. The present study concluded that from test results showed newly prepared of triazine chemico-pharmaco complexes displayed a good antibacterial activity by efficacy eradication of pathogenic bacteria. While also showed triazine chemico-pharmaco complexes may be a talented pattern for antibacterial activities. This research also recommended triazine chemico-pharmaco complexes may use as substitution of antibiotics against antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria.