bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Language Skills: Is Reactive Training Enough?
Authors: Ferney Derrik
Published: May 2006

If business people are to have the language skills to compete in
the Single European Market, these must be taught in further and higher
education, along with business and technical skills. The current moves,
now strongly supported by several EC initiatives, towards such a
proactive policy which will enable the business community to recruit
from a growing pool of students in all disciplines, with good language
skills are explored. Selected employees must be given access to
full‐time language training and there must be partnership between
business and education in the design and provision of a linguistic
infrastructure for trading in the SEM.
Training for Enterprise
Authors: Gore C. , Murray K.
Published: May 2006

The attention of trainers is drawn to the implications of some of
the findings of a survey into perceptions of enterprise among higher
education students which are likely to be of importance in the
development of suitable learning strategies in the workplace. It shows
that students do not universally embrace the concept of enterprise and
that many students with industrial experience have found that employers
do not value students with enterprising abilities. Differences in
attitudes between groups which are likely to affect the success of
training are highlighted. Focus areas for training for enterprise are
suggested and a starting point for such a programme is recommended.
Eight Steps to the Successful Appointment of a Training
Consultant
Authors: Lewis Philip
Published: May 2006

This article examines the process of setting up a contract between
the training manager and the training consultant. It argues that the
potential for the training event, that is the subject of the contract,
to be ineffective, is great. Consequently the process has to be well
managed by the training manager. It lays out eight steps in the
contracting process that the training manager should observe to have a
greater chance of success. These are: check the consultant′s
credentials; clearly specify your needs; ensure a fit with your
organisation; arrange for written programme details; make clear
evaluation arrangements; monitor newly appointed consultants; give clear
feedback to the consultant; be prepared to answer awkward questions.
Project‐based Management Development: “The Volvo
Story”
Authors: Branch John , Smith Bryan
Published: May 2006

Explores how a modular project‐based approach to management
development was initiated and developed within Volvo Concessionaires
(part of Lex Service plc) in partnership with Sundridge Park Management
Centre. Stresses the importance of top‐level commitment, particularly in
directors taking on roles of group project sponsors. Draws out
ingredients of success of the Volvo‐Sundridge Park partnership together
with the benefits realized (including bottom‐line benefits) and key
learning points. An additional benefit to individual managers is the
formal accreditation of the programme towards a management
qualification.
How is the Sheffield TEC Setting about its Task?
Authors: Newton Sarah
Published: May 2006

The philosophy of the Sheffield Training and
Enterprise Council (TEC) development group
is that it is being created by the people of
Sheffield for the people of Sheffield. The
Sheffield TEC was amongst the first to be
awarded development funding by the
Secretary of State for Employment. The task
currently facing the Sheffield TEC
development group is to draw up a three‐year
Corporate Strategy and a one‐year business
plan which, if approved, will then become a
fully contracted TEC with an annual budget
of £20‐25 million. The introduction of TECs
offers the city of Sheffield the opportunity to
shape its own future.
Teacher Support Groups
Authors: Mitchell Geraldine
Published: May 2006

The interface between education and training
is concerned not merely with knowledge and
skills but with adjustment to life. A feature
of a three‐year research project of outreach
work from a special school for pupils ranging
from 11‐16 years with emotional disturbances
and behavioural difficulties is presented.
Canada 1989
Authors: Gladwin Kate
Published: May 2006

The author (a schoolgirl studying for A‐levels)
won an award to take part in the
Canadian Junior Achievers′ Conference held
at the University of Alberta. The 213
delegates were allocated to seven houses,
some of which were bi‐lingual as there were
many delegates from Quebec. The members
of each house worked together at all times.
Both the work of the conference and the
opportunities provided for sport and leisure
activities are described.
Education for Wealth Creation
Authors: Sainsbury David
Published: May 2006

The relationship between declining economic performance and the
failures of our educational system has been apparent for over a hundred
years. One key factor which determines a country′s standard of living is
the skills and cumulative learning of its workforce. As a country, we
need to improve the knowledge and skills of the average member of the
workforce when they finish their education, and to raise the number of
young people staying on at school until 18. We also need to redesign the
A level system so that students study a wider range of subjects, and to
increase over the next decade the number of students going to a
university or polytechnic.
Making Numbers Work: A Business Course for Mature Sponsored Students
Authors: Kulcsar Bela
Published: May 2006

The problems that can arise when embarking on a teaching programme
for mature students who differ widely in ethnic origin and educational
background are addressed. One of the major objectives at the outset of
the course was based on the acquisition of “study skills”
and the induction week proved very fruitful both for staff and students.
The Business Economics and Statistics component of the course was
carefully structured so that the speed and difficulty of the material
covered depended very much on the students′ attitude and confidence,
both among themselves and with their peer group. It appears that a
“hands on” approach proved very effective in achieving these
initial objectives. At some point a trade‐off has to be made between
academic rigour and practical plausibility \em\ the desired end result
is that this integration of education and commerce can produce thinking
and effective (potential) managers.
Streamlining Your Shipping and Despatch
Authors: Morris Paul
Published: May 2006

Despatching efficiency is critical in transport‐dependent
operations. The article discusses the need first to define problems in
an operation in terms of specific needs and then the available
techniques and equipment that can be used to meet them. The solutions to
specific problems of site‐handling systems, varied loads, automation,
supplier selection, etc., must be co‐ordinated in an overall strategy to
improve cost performance and customer service.
Conflict and Satisfaction in an Industrial Channel of Distribution
Authors: Brown James R. , Lusch Robert F. , Smith Laurie P.
Published: May 2006

A conceptual model was developed of distribution channel members′
manifest conflicts and their satisfaction. From this model, hypotheses
are generated, aimed at untangling the causal relationship between these
two constructs. Both a meta‐analysis of previous research and this first
longitudinal study of distribution channel behaviour in the aircraft
industry in North America of distribution channel behaviour uncovered a
negative, contemporaneous relationship between satisfaction and
conflict. Empirical study in the channel for an industrial product found
the effect of channel member satisfaction over time to be mediated by
the extent of manifest conflict. The impact of manifest conflict was
found to be mediated by the degree of channel member satisfaction. In
other words, channel member satisfaction and manifest conflict within
the channel were both antecedents and consequences of each other.
Total Quality Management: Panacea or Pitfall?
Authors: Chorn Norman H.
Published: May 2006

There are two types of learning in organisations: single‐loop
learning is a participative process of fine tuning or refinement,
occurring inside the system; double‐loop learning is an individualistic
process of questioning the validity of basic assumptions, occurring
outside the system. Total quality management is essentially single‐loop
learning, capable only of effecting cautious, incremental adjusting
changes to well‐known processes and products. These are not the
innovative self‐renewing changes needed to keep an organisation aligned
with a turbulent changing environment. TQM is not a universal
“fix‐all”. It produces favourable results only if used under
the conditions and for the purposes to which it is appropriate.
Elsewhere it is likely to be dysfunctional and can reduce the
organisation′s overall effectiveness.
Defence Expenditures and Human Capital Development in the Middle East and South Asia
Authors: Looney Robert E.
Published: May 2006

The question of whether military expenditures in the Third World in
general and the Middle East/South Asia region in particular have been at
the expense of national human resource development is addressed. The
findings of a cross‐sectional analysis of public sector expenditure
patterns in a large number of developing countries suggest that a simple
“guns versus education” trade‐off model is too simplistic.
Increased defence expenditures do sharply cut human resource development
in countries with particularly high military burdens, especially in the
Middle East/South Asia region. However, this negative trade‐off does not
appear to be an accurate description of the process by which resources
are allocated in the Third World in general.
Four Long‐term Restrictive Factors on the Further Development of China's Economic Reform
Authors: Lin Yun Zhao
Published: May 2006

China has reached a new stage in which a great number of
restrictive factors might influence the further development of her
economic reform. Four long‐term factors and their nature are revealed
and examined, and the conclusion is that they will condition the further
process of China′s economic reform for quite a long time, and will make
the new stage a more arduous one.
Multi‐skilling: A Discussion of Proposed Benefits of New Approaches to Labour Flexibility within Enterprises
Authors: Cordery John L.
Published: May 2006

Using current Australian experience as a reference point, the costs
and benefits of multi‐skilling are critically analysed. First, an
attempt is made to identify key organisational elements involved in
programmes of multi‐skilling at enterprise level. Secondly, some of the
proposed benefits and possible costs associated with such developments
are identified and discussed. Finally, some suggestions for future
research and practice in the area are raised.
Personnel Management and Working Women in the 1990s: Beyond Paternalism
Authors: Shipley P.
Published: May 2006

The importance to the personnel profession of the
management of working women is discussed with
reference to the position of women at work in
Britain today, how gender inequalities arose, and
how the position needs to change through this
decade. The issue of child care is addressed, and
women’s stress, coping and health reviewed.
Women’s economic value as producers and
consumers is cast in a European‐wide framework.
An analysis of the effects of their historic position
on Britain’s working women today is made with
particular reference to the powerful influence of
Victorian domestic ideology.
A personnel management policy that accommodates
women’s needs and capacity for exercising
choice is advocated, as a potential mutual benefit
to the woman and her employer.
Recent Developments in Assessment Centre Theory, Practice and Operation
Authors: Blanksby Margaret , Iles Paul
Published: May 2006

Assessment centres as a total system, involving
theoretical, practical and technical aspects, are
focused on. Recent research findings on
assessment centres, their processes and
practices, are discussed and the implications for
practice are examined.
Organisational Change: ″Top‐down″ or “Bottom‐up” Management?
Authors: Lupton Tom
Published: May 2006

It is suggested that change can be more successfully introduced
from the bottom up than from the top down. Careful attention to the
needs of subordinates is not enough; the employee must play a major part
in decision taking. Detailed knowledge normally resides with those
closest to the work, therefore why not use this knowledge to help run
the organisation thus releasing managers for the vitally important
activity of gaining a better understanding of how the enterprise can
cope more successfully with the external environment?
Behaviour Modelling Training: The Effect of Variations in
Retention Processes
Authors: Robertson Ivan T. , Bell Richard , Sadri Golnaz
Published: May 2006

Previous research on the use of behaviour modelling techniques for
training in industry have shown it to be generally effective. Further,
more specific work has suggested that effectiveness might be improved by
the use of techniques (symbolic coding and rehearsal) designed to
improve trainees’ retention processes. This study examined the use of
symbolic coding (learning points) and rehearsal techniques in behaviour
modelling training. The data were derived from a field experiment
conducted in a UK financial services organisation. Although, as
expected, the behaviour modelling approach did produce effective
learning the results showed that, contrary to hypotheses, variations in
symbolic coding (different learning points conditions) and rehearsal did
not influence training outcomes.
Women in Publishing: Jobs or Careers?
Authors: Colgan Fiona , Tomlinson Frances
Published: May 2006

This paper draws upon research on women’s employment in the UK book
publishing industry. Contrary to public opinion that publishing offers
exceptional opportunities for women, the survey revealed that although
women make up 60 per cent of the workforce, men were more than twice as
likely to become managers and more than 5 times as likely to become
directors. Processes contributing to gendered occupational segregation
and the operation of dual labour markets are analysed in terms of
“pressures” and “preferences”; mediated by a
traditionally informal approach to personnel practices. Structural
change is creating polarisation into large conglomerates and small
specialised operations; the implications for women’s careers are
discussed briefly.
Information: The Key to Effective Management
Authors: Norton Bob , Peel Malcolm
Published: May 2006

The role of information within management is in a state of dramatic
transformation. Managers must grasp and act on the implications of this
change if they are to maintain their competitive position both
corporately and as individuals. Information technology continues to
develop at an exponential rate. But it is only an extension of what has
gone before, and should be understood and used in this light. Vastly
more information relevant to managers is now accessible than ever
before, particularly through the use of electronic databases and
networks. A selective listing of major business information databases is
provided. Individual managers, whatever their function, must learn to
take full advantage of the information resources available to them, and
do so continuously as part of their management techniques. Organisations
must develop an information strategy and corporate structure which
ensures the fullest use of internal and external resources. The position
of the librarian within this overall task remains well‐placed, although
his relevance and role remain very much a question for his own
initiative.
The Relevance of Management Principles and Techniques to
the Smaller Information Unit
Authors: Bakewell K.G.B.
Published: May 2006

The management principles enunciated by Fayol are surveyed and a
number of management techniques are described including brainstorming,
budgeting, communication, ergonomics, interfirm comparisons, management
audit, management by objectives, network analysis, and organisation and
methods.
MARKETING LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES
Authors: Seddon Sandra
Published: May 2006

Emphasises the importance of libraries
adopting a marketing approach and examines
some of the lessons which they can learn
from profit‐making organisations. Describes
a marketing strategy and some techniques
including Friends of the Library,
publications, programmes of events, the
media and effective presentation of stock.
Hampshire County Library′s “Hantsline”
provides an excellent example of an overall
approach to marketing.
RECRUITMENT OF LIBRARY WORKERS FROM BLACK COMMUNITIES
Authors: Thompson Verena
Published: May 2006

It is acknowledged that the majority concerned with equal
opportunities are looking for strategies to placate minorities rather
than concede the right to share. Strategies to increase and retain
employees within public librarianship are described and the ways in
which services and the profession itself are promoted at present are
examined as an important element to improve representation. Links which
are beneficial to the profession, service and community are reforged
using targeting and marketing techniques to form an action plan for
effective service delivery, including the production of information in
community languages and involving local talent through the provision of
a platform for shared public interests. A plan to address the
under‐representation of black employees at all levels within the
organisation is devised, using legislation where appropriate to
subsidise targeted posts. The plan aims to create a sense of ownership
which should exist throughout the service to all employees and should be
adapted to include strategies for addressing gender, disability and
class barriers to opportunity.
QUALITY AND EXCELLENCE IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: PART 2
Authors: Morris Beryl
Published: May 2006

A report is developed from Library Management, Vol. 12 No.
3, and examples of quality and excellence in local government are given.
Ways in which local authorities are improving their services are
examined and a brief look at the recommendations in the Citizens′
Charter is taken.
COMPETENCE AT WORK
Authors: Gribble Kathleen
Published: May 2006

A Library Association Workshop is described which introduced the
NVQ system of transferable qualifications. There is a brief synopsis of
recent developments, together with their implications for the library
profession.
INFORMATION CONSULTANCY IN ACTION: A CASE STUDY IN
ESTABLISHING A LIBRARY AND INFORMATION UNIT
Authors: Brittin Margaret , Henderson Fiona
Published: May 2006

The article reviews and describes the stages of an information
consultancy project, using the example of the establishment of a library
and information unit in the management training centre of a large
financial institution. The stages dealt with are: initiation; data
collection; data analysis; presentation of results and implementation. The article concludes with some general reflections
drawn from the case study on important factors in successful information
consultancy and on the qualities needed by a successful information
consultant.
Variations in the Personnel Role – Some Irish Survey Evidence
Authors: Gunnigle Patrick , Shivanath Gisela
Published: May 2006

This article is based on a survey of personnel practitioners in
Irish organisations, aimed at establishing their role and status within
the company for which they worked. The principal findings from the
survey suggest that the majority of personnel practitioners are afforded
a top management role, and feel that they are heavily involved in
strategic planning decisions within their organisations. The major
factor which led to differences in the role of personnel was the
national origin of the company which owned the site at which these
individuals worked.
Third Party Intervention in New Zealand: Part II
Authors: Harris John
Published: May 2006

In this, the second, article on the operations of third party
intervention in New Zealand the processes of conciliation, mediation and
arbitration on the resolution of personal grievances, disputes of right
and disputes of interest are discussed. The legal enforceability of
awards and agreements is examined and an attempt is made to analyse the
effect of the legislation on the initial stages of the 1987/88 wage
round.
Corporate‐sponsored Child Care: News from Abroad
Authors: Bischoff Judith
Published: May 2006

Given current demographic changes in the nature
of the population, employers are increasingly
attempting to find ways of retaining or attracting
women into the workforce. A number of
companies have now taken steps to provide child‐care
arrangements which will hopefully encourage
women with children to remain in or re‐enter
employment. Developments in a number of
countries are reported, and four separate options
available to employers for resolving the child‐care
dilemma are outlined.
Training and HR Strategy in France: Discourse and Reality
Authors: Jenkins Alan
Published: May 2006

The recent evolution of the provision of continued
in‐service training in French companies is described
and analysed. This evolution is placed in its legal,
political and social context with emphasis being
placed on the interaction between state action and
managerial strategies. It is shown how an interplay
of continued “social democratic” legislation and
innovation in Human Resources Management
policies has served to place training at the top of
the economic and social agenda in France. Its role
in contemporary French industrial relations is also
considered.
Does your Organisation Need a Mission?
Authors: Campbell Andrew
Published: May 2006

What is a mission in practice? Can it be created and managed? What
is the link between strategy and philosophy? What is the role of
corporate identity? Should senior managers be putting
“mission” high up on their list of priorities? A year‐long
research project into mission and corporate philosophy is drawn on to
answer these and other questions on the “sense of mission”
– that added ingredient which makes companies like Marks &
Spencer so successful.
Organisations Get Stuck Too
Authors: Critchley Bill , Casey David
Published: May 2006

It is clear from work carried out in psychotherapy and family
therapy, that individuals and families get stuck because an impasse develops between a conscious desire for change and an unconscious
desire to avoid change. The authors consider how this can apply to
groups and organisations. It is assumed that organisations are living
organisms with conscious and unconscious processes. Five different ways
in which organisations “get stuck” are identified and the
interventions appropriate to each particular organisation blockage are
described.
How to Improve Team Management
Authors: Margerison Charles J. , McCann Dick
Published: May 2006

Effective team management can be the difference between success and
failure in business. This monograph provides some practical ideas based
on experience to enable you, the manager, to develop your team and
improve its performance. The Team Management Systems approach to
developing effective team operations is referred to and the principles
involved are described, including linking, exploring, controlling,
organising and advising.
Brief Letters on Lou Pondy
Authors: March James G. , Burton Richard M. , Frost Peter , Staw Barry , Huff Anne , Boje David M. , Pate Larry E. , Moch Michael , Kerr Steven , Zammuto Ray , Whetten David , Mulligan Dawn (Pondy)
Published: May 2006

Some of Lou Pondy′s closest colleagues were invited to submit
letters and articles, as a starting point for this special issue. Many
letters were received from leading scholars at some of the most
respected institutions in the world, capturing Lou′s human qualities and
his unique analytic style. A selection of these letters are included
here.
What if Stories Don′t Tally with the Culture?
Authors: Owen Jones Michael
Published: May 2006

Stories and customs at work may mirror the culture, be survivals
from the past, or constitute a screen onto which fantasies are projected
serving as safety valves, sanctioned expressions of “outlaw
emotions”, or scapegoats. While some stories seem to challenge the
culture they in fact preserve it; others that appear to support norms
and values actually indict them. Organisational change managers must
take a more sophisticated approach, recognising organisations as
symbolic worlds and understanding the variety of expressive forms and
processes. They need to be aware of inconsistencies and contradictions.
They should leave some coping mechanisms in place while removing the
cause of sore spots in other instances. Finally, those implementing
change may be able to use some customs and stories themselves to aid the
process.
When Consultation is Internal and Informal: A Case Study of
Intervention on a University Campus
Authors: Morris Michael , Hoffnung Robert J.
Published: May 2006

The scholarly literature in consultation emphasises scenarios where
the role of the consultant is external and formalised. However, many
consultations exhibit neither of these characteristics. The dynamics of
an informal, four‐year long, internal consulting project conducted by
two faculty members on a university campus are examined. Analysis
suggests that this type of consultation involves challenges which,
although not unique to informal/internal consulting, are sufficiently
distinctive to warrant increased attention from researchers. Of
particular importance in this regard is the pervasive influence which
ambiguity can have on the handling of various stages of the intervention
process in informal/internal projects.
Optical Mark Readers – Essential to Industry and
Commerce
Authors: Wade Charles
Published: May 2006

The need for accurate information is becoming increasingly crucial
in modern industrial organisations, and an adequate computer system is
essential to collect and organise such information. The optimal mark
reader is proving to be a very much faster way of entering data into a
computer system than traditional systems – one machine can enter
data faster than 30 keyboard clerks working simultaneously. Originally
used in the education sector more than 20 years ago, it now finds
application in a variety of fields.
British Software Set for Eastern Horizons
Authors: Marshall Sharon
Published: May 2006

A computer simulation program “Executive” is
being supplied by its UK producer for use in
business skills training in Eastern Europe. Its
advantages are outlined and reaction to this
particular program in the UK where it is already
being used at management level in major
companies is described. Simulation programs
should be particularly useful for Eastern European
training geared to decentralisation. The designers
of this and other projected programs intend them
not only to be useful learning aids but also to
provide interest and stimulation.
Application of Knowledge‐based Systems to Industry
Authors: Masom Grant
Published: May 2006

As it becomes increasingly evident that skills
shortage in many areas of business and commerce
is likely to grow, it is clear that knowledge‐based
systems can go some way towards replacing
human resources. The use of these systems also
increases the productivity and effectiveness of
already experienced personnel and also brings
with it consistent standards of performance and
reliability. A better balance is also achievable
between the tasks done by employees and those
performed by machines.
European Integration: Strategic Implications for the Marketing of Long‐term Insurance
Authors: Diacon Stephen
Published: May 2006

The advent of the Single European Market will
have a significant effect on the competitive position
in EC life insurance markets. This arises not only
from enhanced freedom of establishment and the
freedom of services to conduct cross‐frontier
trade in insurance, but also from the deregulation
of insurance markets in some Community
countries which allow links between banks and
insurers. The development of a Single Market in
life insurance is described and the opportunities
and threats for insurers are examined. The
alternative strategies available to insurers are
evaluated, with particular attention paid to costs
and benefits of bank/insurance links.
Champagne′s Sparkling Success
Authors: Sharp Anne , Smith James
Published: May 2006

Examination of the process of champagne is explored. Its
distinctive competences – le terroir, méthode
champenoise, appellation d′origine – and its sustainable
competitive advantages – supreme product quality and brand‐name
– are discussed. Its marketing success is an example to marketers
of other wine products – clear positioning, quality, signalling
and brand defence – simple, yet very poignant.
Employee Commitment and Total Quality Control
Authors: Oliver Nick
Published: May 2006

One of the central tenets of total quality control is that responsibility for quality lies at the point of production. Salancik′s model of commitment is used to describe systems of work organisation which encourage employees to take on this responsibility. Commitment to quality can be fostered by managing the context within which production takes place. Management of the human aspects of total quality control may be informed by relevant ideas from the commitment literature.
An Examination of Some Switching Procedures Used in Sampling Inspection
Authors: Soundararajan V. , Devaraj Arumainayagam S.
Published: May 2006

It is shown that the Quick Switching System, Tightened Normal Tightened Scheme and other switching systems emerge from the generalised two‐plan system involving normal and tightened inspection. The corresponding operating characteristic (OC) functions are also shown to emerge from generalised results. The performance of different systems is compared with reference to their OC curves. The possibility of being applied in a critical area of application (in which the single sampling plans are not possible to apply) is indicated.
Individual Involvement and Intervention in Quality Improvement Programmes: Using the Andon System
Authors: Everett Robert J. , Sohal Amrik S.
Published: May 2006

Individual involvement and intervention are recognised as genuine concepts of a quality improvement programme and are critical to its success. The Andon system, which is an element of TQC, is being used by a growing number of organisations for highlighting trouble areas within the production system. This article analyses the use of the Andon system in Western organisations and explores the issues concerning its usage for management and employees. The various types and mechanisms of the Andon system are discussed and examples of its usage are presented from three different sectors of the Australian manufacturing industry.
Implementing a Quality System in a UK Manufacturing Company
Authors: Gould David T.
Published: May 2006

How one company has tackled the implementation of a quality system using BS5750 Part 2 as its guide is described. The setting of objectives, activating cultural change, planning, implementation, control and continuous review are addressed with examples drawn from experience gained during the project.
Towards a More Culturally Compatible Concept of Civil
Service Reform in Developing Countries
Authors: Eldridge Derek
Published: May 2006

Civil service reform in developing countries may be inhibited
unless a more culturally appropriate concept of management is developed.
An Institutional Development Framework (IDF) may assist in the
identification of possible reform strategies. A strategy is defined by a
series of inter‐linked management and organisational components to each
of which may be attached aims, values and/or skills enhancement ideas.
Senior managers of the service should be responsible for drafting and
reviewing the IDF as a shared learning experience. The IDF concept
resulted from a study of civil service reform in the Solomon Islands.
Improving Organisational Communication: Developing a
Management Strategy
Authors: Robinson Sandra E.
Published: May 2006

Staff perceptions of management/staff communications are examined
through an attitude survey. Organisational characteristics and their
likely impact on the communication climate are considered and a
communications strategy is developed. In challenging and changing times,
organisations need to be flexible and responsive. They can achieve this
through open communication systems which encourage staff involvement and
participation.
Acceptable Adverse Impact of Selection Procedures in
Organisations
Authors: Thacker James W. , Blanchard P. Nick , Camp Richaurd R.
Published: May 2006

Evidence exists which suggests that organisations may have
misinterpreted the intent and letter of the current US law in personnel
selection. The flawed response that many organisations have taken as a
result of this misinterpretation is described. While “unfair
discrimination” is reprehensible, data and logic are presented
which suggest that adverse impact in selection can be both acceptable
and necessary in a responsible organisation.
Motivating the Nigerian Worker‐A Study of Two Public Sector
Organisations
Authors: Johnnie Palmer B.
Published: May 2006

The main objective of this study is to investigate whether or not
those techniques or instruments of motivation adopted by Nigerian
managers in public sector organisations correspond or coincide with
those techniques or instruments which the employee sees as instruments
or techniques that motivated him. Research was carried out in two public
sector organisations – the Ministry of Finance and the Rivers
State Newspaper Corporation. The empirical findings show that there is a
great divergence between the instruments adopted by managers and those
that actually motivate the employee. This led to the conclusion that as
long as this divergence continues, it is unlikely that Nigerian managers
can easily come to grips with their managerial problems. It is,
therefore, recommended that they should introduce appropriate
motivational instruments at work to account for the preferences of the
African industrial worker.
Job Satisfaction and Nurses
Authors: Savery Lawson K.
Published: May 2006

The research reported in this article was conducted among nurses in
a teaching hospital in Perth, Western Australia. The study looked at the
perceived influence of different items on the job satisfaction of
nurses. It was discovered that intrinsic motivators were the major
motivators for the respondents, with salary ranking tenth in a list of
twelve items. The study also supported earlier findings by other
researchers that job satisfaction is multidimensional with the finding
of three factors underlying the data. Therefore, the growing modern
approach of designing compensation packages by considering the total job
rather than some of the parts of the job such as the traditional areas
of pay and working conditions. This means that the human resource
manager has a more difficult problem in having to design a compensation
package which the individual will find motivating rather than the
traditional method of adjusting the pay or working conditions. It is
suggested firstly, that a company wide survey be conducted periodically,
at least once every two years, to measure the workforce′s view of the
motivators used by the organisation. Secondly, a conjoint analysis on
the desired compensation packages of the members of the workforce could
be carried out. Finally, the research identifies the need to continue
training for nurses because of the need for them to remain an integral
part of medical teams.
Internal Auditing and Co‐operative Education: An
Opportunity for Action
Authors: Neumann Fred
Published: May 2006

This article proposes that student internships should be expanded
to form part of a specifically co‐operative learning programme: repeated
step‐out periods of work with a co‐operating employer at different
stages of a college educational programme. This proposal stems from an
IIA recommendation of internships as a means of attracting students into
the profession. A detailed scheme for achieving this is described.
Auditing Information Technology Requirements
Authors: Santoni Spiro , Bibby John M.
Published: May 2006

In the current climate of accelerating IT development and mounting
concern over its effectiveness, internal auditors are increasingly
required to safeguard the interests of the organisation by ensuring that
new systems match company objectives. The aim of this article is to
assist internal auditors and all those involved in IT developments to
establish a common basis of understanding; it demonstrates how to adapt
traditional financial control and appraisal techniques to the audit of
IT developments. In particular, the article introduces a method of
measuring all system characteristics that are difficult to quantify and,
despite their key importance, are often defined in ambiguous terms.
Developing your Company and your Workforce
Authors: Asplund Gisele
Published: May 2006

Considers that an organisation can only develop through development
of its personnel and the role of that personnel in creating strategy
which is in harmony with its internal culture. Advocates the need for
open and honest internal communications; points to the apparent lack of
sufficient feedback to women managers from their bosses. Proposes a
system of integrated personnel development in which equal opportunities
programmes are not isolated and which sees all organisational members as
equals in a dialogue on strategy formulation. Outlines an integrated
equality project at an unidentified company, which consisted of three
stages: diagnosis (of women′s jobs, views, training); feedback;
suggestions for action; notes the advantages of the project in terms of
motivation and job satisfaction.
Life in the Family Circle
Authors: Lyman Amy R.
Published: May 2006

Women who work in family businesses operate in very different
settings from non‐family business women. Their work may involve travel
to a workplace away from home, but it is not away from family. Using
data collected during telephone and face‐to‐face interviews, the author
examines the interpersonal networks of family business and non‐family
business women. The article presents a brief background of the issues
involved in the study of interpersonal networks, women′s roles in
networks and their implicaations for women′s family business
participation. Through a discussion of the research findings, the
influence of life in a family business on women′s personal and
professional development is questioned.
DEVELOPING WOMEN IN MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMES: “TWO STEPS FORWARD AND ONE STEP BACK”
Authors: Grondin Deirdre
Published: May 2006

During the late 1970s and 1980s
unprecedented numbers of women managers
attempted to reach the top of corporate
hierarchies. Evaluation of their progress
suggests that, in spite of the proliferation of
programmes and books aimed at women
managers, women rarely attain executive level
positions. Indeed, currently, there is evidence
in the literature to suggest that they are
“giving up the fight” and “dropping out of
the race”. The research related to this
“dropout” syndrome, the implications of this
research, and the challenges it presents to
management educators are considered.
The IT Industry in the 1990s
Authors: Cherrie Nick
Published: May 2006

With the last decade of the twentieth century less than a year away
this article takes a look at current trends in the IT industry.
Examining the impact of consumer preferences for compatible operating
systems and the effects of “1992” it theorises about the
shape of the European IT industry in the future.
Flexibility: Denmark′s Competitive Advantage
Authors: Wills Mathew
Published: May 2006

The Danes currently enjoy the second highest standard of living in
the EC. Until very recently they have achieved strong economic growth,
low inflation and low unemployment. Yet talk to people in Denmark about
the future for their economy and they will often become despondent. This
article seeks to explore how this can be and points out the
opportunities for expansion that 1992 presents to Denmark.
Marketing in 1992 and Beyond
Authors: Nelson Elizabeth
Published: May 2006

The moves to establish a Single European Market focus almost
entirely on breaking down structural barriers to trade. Despite all the
hype, many take solace that while cultural differences remain strong
there will never be a true Single Market. However, it is argued that
Europeans (including the British) have more in common than is initially
apparent and that the differences are diminishing. The marketer needs to
be poised to take the challenge represented by this new society and to
exploit the growth in trends such as networking, strategic opportunism
and open citizenship.
Pan‐European Retail Business: Emerging Structure
Authors: Treadgold Alan
Published: May 2006

Based on recent research, an overview of the new impetus which the
1992 programme has added to the internationalisation of European
retailers is given. It is suggested that, in the past, much of the
international growth in the retail sector has been a direct result of
the constraints placed on retailers by a relative absence of
opportunities in their domestic markets. During the 1980s a more
proactive type of international retailer has emerged, motivated by the
presence of growth opportunities outside the domestic market. The
removal or easing of apparent barriers facing retailers has been a major
driving force; particularly the legislative role of the 1992 programme
in the European Community.
Deutschland über Alles
Authors: Green Tim
Published: May 2006

A review of the present West Germany from a historical perspective
is given. The state of the economy is discussed with particular
reference to the economic implications of the forthcoming Single
European Market; and the consequences for West Germany and for those
countries trading with her. West Germany is considered as being in a
strong position already in Europe and ready to exploit the opportunities
presented by a Single Market.
ALL FOR ONE AND ONE FOR ALL – IN 1992
Authors: Chalker Lynda
Published: May 2006

Is UK business prepared for the new‐style EEC in 1992? The rewards
are tempting but must not be taken for granted. Our all‐too‐insular
image must be transformed, we must go to the Continent, rather than they
to us, as hitherto, and our efforts to learn their languages need
greater application if we are to compete on equal terms. This gauntlet
is thrown down in a recent ministerial speech.
MANAGEMENT ADAPTATION TO EUROPE: THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors: Nicholls J.R.
Published: May 2006

The food industry′s managerial response to the environmental change
of EC accession is examined. Nine case studies had been carried out in
the late 1970s and the same nine companies have been recently revisited
to provide a longitudinal study. As we approach “1992”, EC
issues have again become strategic.
FUNDS ACROSS THE WATER
Authors: Simmonds Dave
Published: May 2006

Vocational Training in Europe and the effectiveness of the European
Social Fund are examined and recommendations made for ensuring that
funds allocated to the UK by continental partners in the EC are wisely
prioritised in channelling them into the necessary training areas for
the unemployed, looking as always to 1992 and the dawn of the Single
Market.
EDI IN EUROPE
Authors: Fawcett Roger
Published: May 2006

The need for electronic messaging services and the potential for
participants in the European Electronic Interchange market are
considered. It is argued that the future growth and popularisation of
EDI and global messaging will be considerable and that EDI has a
significant role to play in the actual realisation of a single European
market in 1992.
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: SETTING UP AND RUNNING IN‐COMPANY
LANGUAGE TRAINING
Authors: Utley Derek
Published: May 2006

A description of the implementation of a language training
programme in the UK subsidiary, Rowntree Mackintosh, of a large
multinational company, Nestle, is given.
DOES THE SINGLE MARKET INFLUENCE NATIONAL MARKETING
THINKING?
Authors: Wills Gordon
Published: May 2006

The single market of 1992 can be likened to a Fortress Europe and
those still outside its limits will be faced with the dual problem of
how they will derive the greatest benefit therefrom and how the actions
of those already within will affect them. For those who elect to join,
membership will call for dilution of national preserves, and
assimilation of others′ cultures and languages. From a marketing point
of view, logistics strategy in particular will have to be more
adaptable, entailing revolutionary changes in costing policies. However,
perhaps the most significant impact will come from the Soviet Union and
Central/Eastern Europe, nations revitalised after recent political
upheavals. Finally, marketing managers, although still locally based,
will have to think globally, not even simply European, and will have to
be substantially rather than superficially conversant with the diversity
of culture and language, backed up by an enhanced professional awareness
of technological systems progress, so vital in the highly competitive
business arena of the future.
NORTH AMERICANS, EUROPEANS AND 1992
Authors: Wall Stephen J. , McHenry Robert
Published: May 2006

It is suggested that, with the coming of 1992 and the single
European market, North American and European managers will be forming
more joint ventures and will have to collaborate. Success will depend on
managers developing a greater degree of cross‐cultural understanding. On
the basis of observations of 100 “Looking Glass”
simulations, it is claimed that Americans and Europeans are more alike
than they are different.
THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY′S STAR PROGRAMME: DEMAND FOR
ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES
Authors: Martin William J.
Published: May 2006

Work undertaken as part of a research project funded under the
European STAR Programme is examined. In the course of a major project on
Value Added and Data Services (VADS) in the North of Ireland, an
extensive study was conducted of similar developments in the Irish
Republic. Some of the more important results of this secondary study are
used here to assess the likely implications of enhanced infrastructure
provision for the demand for advanced telecommunications services.
Getting to the Bottom of Things: A Headmaster’s View of his
Changing Role
Authors: Webster John
Published: May 2006

The new Grant Maintained status for a secondary school was preceded
by participation in an experimental LEA Local Management Scheme. This
was the springboard to success in applying for the new status, according
to the headmaster. He emphasises experience in handling a disaggregated
budget, full cover for absent staff and his new role relative to
delegated responsibilities.
A World of Differences
Authors: Testing Service Educational
Published: May 2006

Parts of a recent (1989) Educational Testing
Service publication are reprinted here: a report
of a comparative survey (by tests) of mathematics
and science education among 13‐year‐olds in
Canada, Ireland, Korea, Spain, the UK and the
USA.
Computer hacking: proposals for protection
Authors: Briffa Margaret
Published: May 2006

Reviews the current legal position and the recent proposals of the
British Law Commission concerning computer security and hacking.
Assesses whether the proposals are realistic and whether they should be
adopted. Advises that legislation be combined with education to prevent
computer misuse.
The long term assessment of buildings
Authors: Sprunt Robert
Published: May 2006

Examines the role of long term maintenance requirements in the
assessment of cost in building use. Describes the approach taken by two
London authorities for assessing the long term maintenance of buildings.
Concludes that the use of property database and comprehensive survey
method now allows the authorities to integrate the day‐to‐day management
of their planned maintenance with informed long term planning.
Automated building systems
Authors: Eley Joanna
Published: May 2006

Highlights IBM′s automation of its building control and management
system at Portsmouth, UK – a 100,000 sq. metre complex. Outlines
the selection, installation and evaluation of the equipment at the
complex. Suggests that the considerable benefits of full‐scale
automation may be relevant to smaller companies with fewer buildings.