bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance of Nilaparvata lugens to Fenobucarb and Imidacloprid and Susceptibility to Neem Oil Insecticides
Authors: Dono Danar , Widayani Neneng S , Ishmayana Safri , Hidayat Yusup , Widiantini Fitri , Nasahi Ceppy
Published: January 2022

This study aims to monitor and determine the level of resistance of N. lugens to fenobucarb and imidacloprid, to analyse of the specific activities of asetylcholinesterase, Glutation S-Transferase, esterase, and to determine sensitivity of resistant N. lugens to the neem oil. Resistance tests were conducted on a field population from Cipunagara, Subang, West Java, Indonesia, and a standard population originating from Banyuwangi, East Java, that was obtained from the Indonesian Center for Rice Research. Synthetic and neem Insecticides were applied using the leaf-stem dipping method. The resistance ratio obtained by comparing the LC50 value of the field population with the standard. The test insects were considered to be resistant to synthetic insecticide if they had a resistance ratio (RR) of more than 4, indicated resistance if RR ≥1, and susceptible to neem if has RR <1. The results of the research showed that the N. lugens population of Cipunagara indicated resistance to fenobucarb (RR = 2.43), while it was clearly resistance to imidacloprid (RR = 13.95). Specific activities of the acetylcholinesterase and Glutathione S-Transferase of the N. lugens Cipunagara populations were higher than the standard, while the esterase specific activity was lower. These two enzymes are responsible for the resistance of N. lugens to fenobucarb and imidacloprid. Nevertheless, the N. lugens population of Cipunagara was susceptible to neem (RR <1) that never been reported before. Therefore, it is important to know the change in the sensitivity of the target and the metabolic pathway of the insecticide used to manage insect resistance.
The Fishing Grounds and the Exploitation Status of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) in Java Sea, Indonesia
Authors: Mardlijah Siti , Pane Andina Ramadhani Putri , Fauzi Moh , Yusuf Helman Nur , Widiyastuti Heri , Herlisman Herlisman , Zamroni Achmad , Noegroho Tegoeh , Hufiadi Hufiadi , Wagiyo Karsono
Published: January 2022

Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) is one of the highly favored mackerel tunas caught in Java Sea. The increase in demand due to local consumption and export eventually increases fishing that is proportional to the exploitation status. To maintain the fish resource, a scientific study should be carried out on the fishing grounds and the exploitation status of kawakawa. This study was carried out for 3 years, i.e. in March to October 2017, June to December 2018, and February to November 2019 at Pekalongan National Fishing Port in Pekalongan, Central Java, with 9,511 fish as the study objects. The data analysis was carried out by observing the fishing grounds using GPS and through interview. In addition, the exploitation status was analyzed using FISAT II application and ELEFAN program. The fishing grounds were mostly coastal waters with 15–55 cm sized kawakawa. The size of the first caught (Lc) of the kawakawa in this area ranged from 26.9 cm to 38.4 cm. The fish recruitment occurred all year long, peaking in Apr at 15.97% and Juli 13.62%.The fish natural mortality (M) was smaller than its fishing mortality (F), while its exploitation status was 0.66 (overfished), meaning that the current fishing efforts should be reduced by 32%. The other management efforts that can be carried out are among others conservation, keeping the fishing grounds outside the spawning grounds, and controlling the mesh size.
Oral hygiene status, interdental cleaning and perception of gingival bleeding among a group of pregnant women in Nigeria
Authors: SOROYE Modupeoluwa Omotunde , ONIGBINDE Olubunmi Omotunde
Published: January 2022

Background: Hormonal and vascular changes in pregnancy can lead to exaggeration of inflammatory response to local irritants like dental plaque causing pregnancy gingivitis which if not treated can result in advanced periodontal diseases and consequent adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: To assess the oral hygiene and gingival bleeding perception of pregnant women

Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Oral hygiene status and gingival status were assessed with Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and gingival bleeding index respectively. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 25. Results were presented in frequency and percentages and chi square analysis done for the categorical variables with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

Results: One hundred and fifty-one participants with age range of 20 to 43 years with a mean age of 29.85±4.05years participated in the study. All participants used toothbrush to clean their teeth and 44.4% used medium bristled toothbrush. Two-third used herbal toothpaste. More than two-thirds (84.1%) of the participants used both horizontal and vertical tooth brushing technique. Only 33.8% brushed twice daily. Though 92.1% claimed to clean interdentally, only 19.4% used dental floss.  Prevalence of gingival bleeding was 31.8%. Two persons (1.3%) thought it normal to bleed from the gum while brushing and 86.8% did not know one can bleed from the gum during pregnancy Forty-four (29.1%) and 18(11.9%) of participants had fair and poor oral hygiene status respectively. 55.6% bled on probing and had gingival bleeding index of 1 and 2. Four (2.6%) of participants had gingival recession measuring 3mm to 4mm and 8.6% had halitosis. Statistical analysis of the association between participants’ perception of gum bleeding and oral hygiene status showed statistical significance.

Conclusion: The knowledge of pregnancy gingivitis is poor among the participants. There is the need to educate them about this and incorporate periodontal care into antenatal care so as to increase their quality of life during pregnancy.
Prevalence of Incidental Dental Anomalies seen on Pre-Treatment Digital Panoramic Radiographs of a Group of Nigerian Orthodontic Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: AIKINS Elfleda Angelina , UTUTU Chinyere , CHUKWUMA Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: January 2022

Background: Radiographs are used by orthodontists in the diagnosis of malocclusion, treatment planning and monitoring. These usually reveal presence of dental anomalies that may require further assessment and management. 

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, types and distribution of dental anomalies seen on the orthopantomograms (OPGs) of orthodontic patients at the University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH).

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional radiographic study of a cohort of orthodontic patients who presented to the Department of Child Dental Health, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria. The data gathered from digital orthopantomograms of the patients was analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics for Windows version 25.0.

Results: The study comprised 249 patients with an age range of 5-44years (mean age of 14.6±7.7years) comprising 108 (43.4%) males and 141 (56.6%) females. Seventy (28.1%) [(29, 41.4% males), (41, 58.6% females)] of the patients had at least one dental anomaly. Dental anomalies were commonest (48, 68.6%) within 10-19 years age bracket followed by the 0-9 years age bracket (11, 15.7%). The most frequent dental anomaly was taurodontism (43, 61.4%), followed by congenitally missing teeth (8, 11.4%), supernumerary teeth (5, 7.1%), odontoma (4, 5.7%), peg shaped lateral incisors and transposition (2, 2.9%) respectively. Dental anomalies were more frequent in the maxilla (43, 61.4%). 

Conclusion: The most common dental anomaly was taurodontism. Anomalies were more frequent in female than male patients and in the maxilla than in the mandible.
Towards a general, modern theory of animal spirits
Authors: Lainé Michael
Published: January 2022

The author proposes an updated theory of animal spirits that builds on Keynes’s insights and extends them by incorporating recent developments in neuroscience and psychology. He places animal spirits in a broader perspective of two systems of reasoning, each pertaining to different degrees of uncertainty. He examines how animal spirits form beliefs by way of analogical reasoning, the mental shortcuts they use, and the role of emotions. He outlines how confidence is biased and distorts business forecasts. The brain seems to seek to achieve the highest level of confidence, and maintains this level by distorting subsequent cognitions so that they substantiate the initial view. Animal spirits are ambivalent. Emotions signal whether we under- or overachieve. Animal spirits push us to take greater or fewer risks in order to reach and secure our objectives. At the same time, they provide incentives to update or change our beliefs and goals, so that they may be more sensible. However, animal spirits also conclude hastily and seek confirmation of their beliefs; they elaborate patterns out of nothing and rely on stereotypes; and emotions may distort judgment. Interestingly, so long as confidence remains high, animal spirits continue to rule the roost; when confidence plummets, logic and calculation enter the fray.
Monetary Keynesianism before Keynes? The January 1932 Harvard memorandum on anti-depression policies
Authors: Chandra Ramesh
Published: January 2022

A spotlight was directed by Laidler and Sandilands (2002) on the neglected 1932 Harvard memorandum (by Lauchlin Currie, Paul Theodore Ellsworth and Harry Dexter White). They interpret the memorandum as advocating fiscal inflationism as opposed to Keynesian fiscalism in tackling the Great Depression. While the former involves the creation of new money, the latter can operate independently of new money. This paper goes beyond this interpretation of the memorandum and argues the following: (i) the memorandum emphasises recovery in a manner which does not lose sight of secular growth; (ii) it does not take an isolationist position on the US depression but views it as a part of the broader international calamity; (iii) the memorandum appears at odds with the post-1936 notion of the liquidity trap and the consequent ineffectiveness of monetary policy and (iv) is aware of the various intricacies involved in expanding the money supply. In brief, the memorandum is an elegant piece of writing which displays a good understanding of the nuts and bolts of the money-supply process.
SỰ ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA ĐIỀU KIỆN TỔNG HỢP LÊN TÍNH CHẤT ĐIỆN CỦA VẬT LIỆU CẤU THÀNH TỪ ỐNG NANO CACBON ĐA VÁCH VÀ CHẤT SẮT ĐIỆN TRIGLYXIN SUNPHAT
Authors: NGUYỄN HOÀI THƯƠNG
Published: January 2022

Bài báo nghiên cứu sự ảnh hưởng của hai điều kiện tổng hợp lên tính chất điện của vật liệu nano composit cấu thành từ chất sắt điện triglyxin sunphat (TGS) và ống nano cacbon đa vách (MWCNT). Phương pháp thứ nhất được thực hiện bằng phương khuấy thông thường trong khi phương pháp thứ hai có sự kết hợp giữa khuấy và sóng siêu âm. Các tham số điện của vật liệu được đo ở tần số thấp (10-3 – 103 Hz) trong điện trường yếu (1 V/cm). Kết quả cho thấy, hằng số điện môi có thể đạt cực đại ở một hàm lượng nano cacbon tối ưu tương ứng với 8% khi sử dụng sóng siêu âm và 7.5% khi không sử dụng. Thêm vào đó, điện dẫn suất luôn tăng khi hàm lượng MWCNT tăng.
TỐI ƯU HÓA BIÊN DẠNG DAO MÁY BĂM NHỰA DÙNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP TAGUCHI
Authors: NGUYỄN KHOA TRIỀU  , CHÂU MINH QUANG  , PHẠM ANH ĐỨC  , NGUYỄN NHẬT CƯỜNG  , NGUYỄN MINH PHĂNG  , MẠC VĂN ĐẠI  , NGUYỄN VĂN NINH
Published: January 2022

Bài báo này trình bày quá trình tối ưu hóa các thông số hình học của dao băm chai nhựa sử dụng mảng trực giao và phân tích phương sai (ANOVA). Đầu tiên, độ mòn hay độ biến dạng của dao được lựa chọn để đánh giá kết quả tối ưu hóa. Bảy thông số hình học chính của dao được lựa chọn, mỗi thông số có ba mức; riêng thông số vát mép chỉ có hai mức (có và không). Do đó, mảng trực giao L18 là phù hợp cho quy hoạch thực nghiệm trong nghiên cứu này. Phần mềm COMSOL® được dùng để mô phỏng quá trình biến dạng của dao dựa trên mảng L18 này. Vì nhân tố vát mép gây nhiễu quá lớn tới kết quả mô phỏng, chỉ có dao được vát mép mới tiếp tục được dùng cho mô phỏng. Kết quả là chỉ còn lại sáu nhân tố đầu vào. Sau khi có kết quả từ 18 mô phỏng, ANOVA và tỷ số S/N được dùng để tìm ra các mức thông số tối ưu và tác động của chúng tới đặc tính chất lượng đang khảo sát. Một mô phỏng bổ sung được thực hiện để chứng minh tính hiệu quả của phương pháp Taguchi. Kết quả thu được là 0.16209 µm, tối ưu hơn 18 kết quả đã thực hiện trước đó. Sau đó, một bộ dao với các thông số tối ưu được chế tạo và băm thử nghiệm. Kết quả độ mòn của các bộ dao trước và sau khi tối ưu hóa được đo bởi kính hiển vi điện tử ICamScope®. Kết quả đo này xác nhận, dao tối ưu có độ mòn bé hơn. Từ đó, ta có thể kết luận rằng phương pháp Taguchi là một công cụ đơn giản nhưng hiệu quả cho tối ưu hóa quá trình cho một công nghệ truyền thống như băm / nghiền chai nhựa. Kết cấu dao tìm được cứng chắc, không bị biến dạng dẻo như dao băm đã công bố, ảnh hưởng xấu tới quá trình băm.
Model Pembinaan Warga Gereja Bagi Generasi Milenial
Authors: Wantalangi Regen , Killa Anly Frinsisca , Panjaitan Juliana , Setiawan David Eko
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to find the right model for coaching for millennials. Millennials are known as the generation that participates the most in the late 20th and early 21st century in the discovery and development of technology and other applied sciences, is also a generation that enjoys working, thinking innovatively and creatively and has a high competitive, open, and flexible sense. The research method used in this study is literature studies. The results of this study show that there needs to be a renewal and relevance of each model of church development for millennials considering millennials are independent generations. Therefore the model of fostering the synthesis of contextual is the most appropriate model for millennials.AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk menemukan model yang tepat untuk pembinaan bagi generasi milenial. Generasi milenial dikenal sebagai generasi yang berpartisipasi paling banyak di akhir abad 20 dan awal abad 21 dalam penemuan dan pengembangan teknologi dan ilmu terapan lainnya, juga merupakan generasi yang senang bekerja, berfikir inovatif dan kreatif serta memiliki rasa kompetitif yang tinggi, terbuka, dan fleksibel. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa perlu adanya pembaharuan dan relevansi dari setiap model pembinaan gereja bagi generasi milenial menimbang generasi milenial adalah generasi yang independen. Oleh karena itu model pembinaan sintesis kontekstual adalah model yang paling tepat bagi generasi milenial.
The Roots of Ukrainian Emigration: Preconditions, Main Forms and Vectors of Development of the First Foreign Groups and Colonies of Ethnic Ukrainians
Authors: Rendiuk Teofil
Published: January 2022

This study highlights the importance of investigating the unique phenomenon of Ukrainian emigration, which has a long history and global geographical scale. The relevance of the study is justified by the necessity of studying the sources of Ukrainian emigration, the over-time development of a powerful mass of immigrants from Ukraine, settled around the world, who have always supported the revival of the Ukrainian state and today play a substantial role in promoting its interests abroad. From a historical perspective, Ukrainian emigration ranks fifth in the world after Jewish, Greek, Armenian, and Chinese. Ukrainians were the first to emigrate to Europe and within modern Russia. In the middle of the 18th century, the first Ukrainian agricultural colonies appeared in the then Austrian Empire, when several thousand Transcarpathian Ukrainians moved to Bačka, Srem, and Slavonia − the regions of modern Serbia and Croatia − searching for work. But much more Ukrainian peasants moved to the Volga region, the Urals, and Siberia, where they established large Ukrainian settlements among local Russians. The purpose of this study is to investigate hitherto unknown questions about the motives of individual and group emigration in the early stages of the Ukrainian state in all its forms, the sources of the first Ukrainian agricultural colonies in Europe, ethnic Ukrainian settlements within tsarist Russia, North, South America, and Australia. The fundamental methodological framework of this study is a systematic approach and comprehensive analysis, which gave an opportunity to provide a holistic vision of the role and place of compatriots in the development of a powerful, nationally conscious, and influential Ukrainian diaspora. The results of the study allowed identifying the causes of individual and group emigration of Ukrainians, establishing the geography of their settlement in different countries, their role in the development of previously free territories, preservation of the native language and national culture. The practical value of this paper comes down to the fact that the given factual material, as well as the authors' opinions and conclusions, can be used to prepare studies on the history of Ukraine, certain foreign countries, and the Ukrainian diaspora
Gambaran Pembiayaan Pendidikan pada Jenjang SMP Kabupaten Deli Serdang Di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Ardiyan Lidya , Daryanto Eka , Sinaga Osbert
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perbedaan pembiayaan pendidikan dalam pembiayaan pendidikan selama masa pandemic dan setelah pandemi di SMP Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Empat sekolah yang menjadi lokasi penelitian ini adalah SMPN 3 Lubuk Pakam, SMPN 1 Tanjung Morawa, SMPN 3 Pantai Labu, dan SMP Maitreyawira. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif komparatif. Informan penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah dan bendahara sekolah. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa pengisian instrument secara online dan wawancara melalui telfon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembiayaan pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kabupaten Deli Serdang sudah mengikuti standar pembiayaan pendidikan nasional. Kemudian juga ditemukan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan berarti dalam biaya Pendidikan di masa pandemic dan setelah pandemic. Pembiayaan di Sekolah Negeri tetap berasal dari satu sumber yaitu dana BOS, sementara pembiayaan pendidikan di sekolah swasta berasal dari sumbangan Yayasan dan SPP siswa
The Effect of Leadership on Employee Loyalty and Organizational Trust As Mediation Variables
Authors: La Paudi Untung , R Sudiarditha I Ketut , Suhud Usep
Published: January 2022

Leadership is an important factor in an organization's work in keeping the organization running to achieve its goals. In an effort to increase employee loyalty, every organization needs to test the level of organizational trust. This study aims to determine the effect of leadership on employee loyalty, and organizational trust as a mediating variable. The sample in this research is all employees in the regional secretariat office of Wakatobi Regency. The sample in this study used convenience sampling with a total sample of 250. The data analysis method used in this study was structural equation modeling (SEM) using Amos version 24. The results of this study indicate that leadership has a negative effect on employee loyalty on the probability value of the test results which are above 5% 0.805 and the critical ratio (CR) test results -0.247. shows that leadership has a positive effect on organizational trust, the probability value of the test results is (0%) and the critical ratio (CR) is 7.964. shows that organizational trust has a positive effect on employee loyalty on the probability value of (0%) and the critical ratio (CR) of 5.896. the mediation variable above shows that there is an indirect variable influence with a coefficient of 0.05 and the estimated standard inderct effect value of 0.867
Strategi Komunikasi Amphuri dalam Membangun Citra Perusahaan pada Anggota
Authors: Rachmaningsih Rima , Harahap Halomoan
Published: January 2022

Amphuri adalah organisasi yang beranggotakan PIHK (Penyelenggara Ibadah Haji Khusus) dan PPIU (Perusahaan Penyelenggara Ibadah Umrah) di Indonesia bersifat demokratis, bebas, mandiri dan bertanggungjawab dalam menangani dunia penyelenggaraan haji dan umrah dalam artian luas dan mewujudkan iklim yang kondusif dan kompetitif. Harapan dari asosiasi ini adalah memiliki bargaining power yang kuat dalam bernegosiasi dengan Muassasah dan berbagai stakeholder lainnya. Salah satu strategi komunikasi organisasi yang dilaksanakan AMPHURI dalam membangun citra perusahaan pada anggota yaitu menjadi media penghubung antara anggota dengan Pemerintahan Republik Indonesia, Kerajaan Saudi Arabia dan Para Stakeholders di Indonesia dan Saudi Arabia. Menurut Peter R. Monge dan Noshir S, Teori Jaringan adalah “keterhubungan” atau “keterkaitan” (connectedness), yaitu ide bahwa terdapat jalur komunikasi yang relative stabil diantara individu-individu anggota organisasi. Teori Manajemen Relasi (Relationship Management Theory), teori ini berfokus pada upaya membangun atau menjalin hubungan yang saling menguntungkan dalam organisasi, teori ini dikenal dengan teori Organization Public Relationship (OPR). Menurut Kriyantoni (2017), OPR ini berangkat dari paradigma co-creational yang menganggap komunikasi digunakan untuk menstimulti publik untuk bersama–sama menciptakan makna (co-creator meaning) dan menekank an dalam membangun relasi dengan semua publik. Public Relations adalah kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan menjalin hubungan baik dengan publik sasaran, PR menjalin komunikasi yang baik kepada organisasi eksternal dan internal. (Effendy,2011). Penelitian dengan metode kualitatif ini melihat seberapa pengaruh strategi komunikasi organisasi dalam membangun citra perusahaan pada anggota melalui studi kasus pada program kerja AMPHURI. Hasil dari Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program kerja AMPHURI ini merupakan strategi komunikasi organisasi yang dilaksanakan asoasiasi AMPHURI untuk mendukung kegiatan operasional perusahaan para anggota dengan tujuan menciptakan citra pada perusahaan anggotanya. Program kerja AMPHURI telah diterima dengan baik dan dijalankan oleh anggota dengan mengikuti dan mendukung semua program kerja dan program pelatihan bagi anggotanya
Technical Note for A Dataset Of Electric School Bus Adoption In The United States
Authors: Lazer Leah , Freehafer Lydia
Published: January 2022

This technical note describes the methods used to create a dataset that tracks electric school bus (ESB) adoption across the United States. The dataset is organized by school district and tracks the number of “committed” ESBs in each district, with details like the bus manufacturer and funding source(s). It also contains school district socio-economic characteristics like poverty rates and racial composition, to enable wider analysis including whether the transition to ESBs is happening equitably.
Students’ Political Parties and Higher Education Institutes: Evidence From Pakistani Universities
Authors: Kashif Najam ul , Bashir Furrukh , Ahmad Rashid
Published: January 2022

Students’ political parties are allowed in the universities of Pakistan. But what is the influence of these political parties on the university students is a very critical issue. Through media teachers, parents, society members and educationists are opposing these parties. The purpose of this study was to find out the impact of these parties on the university students. Questionnaire and observation sheet are the tools of the research. This study was descriptive in nature and mix method (triangulation) approach was used. Findings of the study indicated that the subjects of the study (University Students, Parents and Teachers) were strongly against the students’ political parties and their activities. The results were also indicating that criminal damage, injuries, deaths are at top in the presence of these political parties in the universities. Some other interesting findings were also drawn about the political parties’ practise in the universities.
Karbon-Fiber Plaka Donatılı Traverslerin, B70-Tipi Öngerilmeli Beton Traverslerle Karşılaştırmalı İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇEÇEN Ferhat , AKTAŞ Bekir , ÖZTÜRK Hakan , ÖZTÜRK İrfan Şehrullah , NAVDAR M. Burhan
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışma kapsamında, yerli karbon fiber takviyeli poliüretan plakalar ile donatılandırılmış beton traverslerin merkez negatif eğilme performansı, öngerilmeli B70 tipi traverslerle karşılaştırmalı yürütülen deneyler ile araştırılmıştır. Yapılan testler sonucunda, yeni tip traverslerin yorulma esaslı dizayn yükünün, B70 tipi öngerilmeli traverslerin 2 katına ulaşan oranda daha yüksek sonuçlandığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca yeni tip traverslerde herhangi bir öngerilme kuvveti veya etriye kullanılmamasına rağmen, B70 tipi öngerilmeli traverslerin kırılma yükünün üzerindeki yük değerlerinde dahi, meydana gelen çatlak genişliklerinin halen 0,05 mm’nin altında kaldığı görülmüştür. Bu avantajlar, raylı sistemlerde ekartman açıklıklarının korunarak deray ve kazaların önlenmesi ve travers servis ömrünün artırılması adına oldukça önemlidir.
Dizel Lokomotif Ağır Hizmet Motorunda Kullanılan Egzoz Supap Bagası Hasarları
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Yalçın , DİLTEMİZ Seyid Fehmi , KANDEMİR Gökhan
Published: January 2022

En genel tanımıyla baga (supap yuvası), içten yanmalı motorlarda silindir başlığında bulunan, supap oturma yüzeyiyle temas ederek sızdırmazlık sağlayan önemli bir motor bileşenidir. Hem egzoz hem de emme supaplarının işlevini doğru bir şekilde yapabilmesi için bagaların da kusursuz bir şekilde çalışması gerekir. Supap ve baganın temas yüzeylerinde meydana gelecek hasar çalışma performansını etkilemektedir. Ağır yük dizel motorlar yüksek güç temini gerektiren araçlarda kullanılan yüksek hacimli motorlardır. Bu araştırma kapsamında baga ele alınmış ve ağır yük dizel motor egzoz supap bagalarına odaklanılmıştır. Egzoz subap bagaları hakkında bilgi verilmiş, örnek bir dizel lokomotif ağır hizmet motoru egzoz subap bagalarında meydana gelen hasarlar değerlendirilmiştir. Numuneler üzerinden alınan kesitler ve hasarlı yüzeylerden elde edilen görüntüler incelenmiştir.
Türkiye Demiryolu Araçları, Tramvaylar ve Komponentleri Sektörünün Uluslararası Rekabet Gücü Analizi
Authors: AKTAŞ Arif , AKBAYIR Ömür , AKSAY Kadir
Published: January 2022

Demiryolu endüstrisi birçok ülkeyi hem ekonomik hem de ticari olarak bugünkü haline getirmeye yardımcı olmuş, en önemli altyapı endüstrilerindendir. Günümüzde de birçok ülkenin ekonomisini geliştirmeye artan oranda katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türk demiryolu araçları ve komponentleri sektörünün rekabet gücünü farklı analiz yöntemleri ile analiz etmektir. Bu bağlamda Türk raylı sistemler sektörünün rekabet gücü, Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler -diğer adıyla Balassa Endeksi- (RTA, BI), Nispi Ticaret Avantajı (RCA) ve Açıklanmış Rekabet Üstünlüğü (RC) göstergeleriyle analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda; Türk raylı sistemler sektörünün Dünya piyasasında belirli bir rekabet gücüne ulaşamadığı ancak son yıllarda pozitif yönlü bir ivme yakaladığı görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda küresel ölçekte yaşanan yoğun rekabet, söz konusu sektöre yönelik yeni politikalar geliştirilmesi ve inovatif ürünlerin geliştirilmesine odaklanılmasıyla mevcut rekabet gücünün yükseltilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır.
MEHMED MEMDUH PAŞA’NIN "YEMEN ISLÂHÂTI VE BA’ZI MÜTÂLA’ÂT" İSİMLİ ESERİNİN İÇERİĞİ VE KAYNAK DEĞERİ
Authors: Çakmak Biray , Öztürk Muhsin
Published: January 2022

Çalışmada Mehmed Memduh Paşa’nın telif ettiği Yemen Islâhâtı ve Ba’zı Mütâla’ât isimli eserin içeriği ve kaynak değeri ele alınmıştır. Öncelikle müellif Mehmed Memduh Paşa’nın biyografisine kısaca değinilmiştir. Daha sonra ilgili eserin içeriği değerlendirilmiş, eserde yer alan bilgilerin kaynak değeri sorgulanmıştır. Neticede Mehmed Memduh Paşa’nın eserinde ele aldığı ya da kaynak göstermeden yayınladığı belgelerin büyük kısmının Osmanlı Arşivi’nde yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Eserin büyük ölçüde belge neşri olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sayede eserdeki bilgileri arşiv belgeleri ile karşılaştırma, müellif bilgilerini tevsik/teyid etmek imkânı doğmuştur.
First record of the family Rotundabaloghiidae Kontschán, 2010 in Chile with the description of Rotundabaloghia (Circobaloghia) chilensis sp. nov. (Acari: Mesostigmata)
Authors: KONTSCHAN Jeno
Published: January 2022

Rotundabaloghia (Circobaloghia) chilensis sp. nov. is described based on one female specimen collected from soil in Osorno Coastal Range, Chile. The new species differs from the other species from the subgenus Circobaloghia in the shape of peritremes, the shape and length of the ventral and dorsal setae. This is the first record of this family in Chile and also the southernmost occurrence of the family.
Species complexes of leaf-inhabiting mites on Prunus laurocerasus L. (Rosaceae) trees in Ordu, Turkey
Authors: AKYAZI Rana , SOYSAL Mete , ALTUNÇ Yunus Emre
Published: January 2022

Prunus laurocerasus L. (Rosaceae) is a summer fruit and evergreen species belonging to the family Rosaceae. It is also known as cherry laurel, common laurel, and sometimes English laurel. This plant grows naturally in the North- Eastern region of Turkey. The aim of the study was to investigate the mite species on P. laurocerasus trees in eleven municipalities (Altınordu, Akkuş, Çaybaşı, Fatsa, Gülyalı, İkizce, Kabadüz, Kumru, Perşembe, Ulubey and Ünye) of the Ordu province (Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey) in 2015 and 2016. Leaf samples were taken weekly from late April until early October in each year. At each sampling date, leaves were taken from different parts of the tree canopy, i.e. lower, middle and upper. The number of sampled trees was determined according to the total number of the trees in each orchard. Approximately 20 leaves per P. laurocerasus tree were taken. A total of eighteen mite species belonging to three orders, six families and twelve genera were identified including Phytoseiidae (7), Tydeidae (5), Tetranychidae (2), Stigmaeidae (2), Iolinidae (1) and Winterschmidtiidae (1) during the study. According to the results, P. laurocerasus trees have an especially rich fauna of beneficial mites probably due to lack of pesticide usage.
Pandemia covid-19 y calidad de vida en los emprendedores del sector gastronómico de la ciudad de HUANCAYO, 2021
Authors: Ponce Romero Giancarlo Giovanni , Vilca Rodríguez Roy River , Sánchez Meza José Antonio , Castañeda Aranda Félix Simeón
Published: January 2022

En el último año, todos los negocios se vieron afectados por la pandemia del COVID-19, al no poder desarrollar sus actividades habituales. Ocasionando en la mayoría de emprendedores diversos problemas. La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre la pandemia COVID-19 y la calidad de vida en los emprendedores del sector gastronómico del distrito de Huancayo, 2021. Se empleó como material y método, el método científico con un enfoque cuantitativo y en razón del propósito del proyecto se aplicó el tipo descriptivo correlacional, la misma que tuvo como propósito el mostrar o examinar la relación que se tiene entre las variables de estudio. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos podemos afirmar con respecto a la hipótesis general que la misma fue aceptada debido a que el valor obtenido del coeficiente de correlación rho de Spearman = -0.714 evidenciando la existencia de una relación inversa media entre la pandemia COVID-19 y la calidad de vida en los emprendedores del sector gastronómico del distrito de Huancayo, 2021. Con respecto a las hipótesis especificas se establecen relaciones inversas medias de -0.699, -0.674 y -0.736 entre la variable independiente y las dimensiones de estudio de la variable dependiente (bienestar físico, bienestar emocional y desarrollo personal y profesional). Es dentro de este contexto que las conclusiones muestran que el principal desafío para todos los emprendedores de este sector, los mismos que ya se encuentran con una calidad de vida disminuida a causa de la pandemia ocasionada por la COVID-19, está en buscar la permanencia y desarrollo de sus organizaciones dentro de un mercado bastante adverso. La investigación concluye que existe una relación inversa media entre las variables de estudio.
Influencia del apoyo del acompañante durante el trabajo de parto en un Hospital de Huancayo
Authors: Carrillo Cayllahua Mirian , Marín Guido F. , Vera de la Cruz Melva Medaline
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del apoyo del acompañante durante el trabajo de parto en el Hospital Regional Docente Materno Infantil El Carmen. Material y Métodos: Estudio de tipo sustantiva, retrospectiva, de nivel descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal prospectivo, tuvo una población de 362 gestantes en trabajo de parto, del cual se obtuvo la muestra mediante criterios de inclusión y exclusión, obteniendo la muestra de 98 gestantes en trabajo de parto, para la medición de las variables se empleó la técnica de la observación y análisis documental. Resultados: El 42,9% son primigestas y 57,1% son multigestas, así mismo, del total de partos atendidos se generaron 61,2% con acompañante y 38,8% sin acompañante; de los partos con acompañante se tuvo como parentesco de mayor frecuencia a la pareja con 52.0%, seguido de la madre con 6,1%, otros (padre, hermano, amigos) 2,0% y por último la hermana con 1,0%. Conclusiones: El acompañamiento familiar durante el trabajo de parto favorece a los beneficios maternos en todas sus dimensiones; en relación a los beneficios perinatales solo favorece en la frecuencia cardíaca fetal y no genera beneficio a las demás dimensiones estudiadas con un nivel de significancia al 0,05.
EFFECTS OF MARKETING STRATEGIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EQUITY BANK
Authors: Nguru Fracier , Ombui Dr. Kepha , Iravo Dr. Mike A.
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of marketing strategies on the performance of Equity Bank.Methodology: The study adapted a descriptive research design which was exploratory in nature to obtain qualitative information. The target population was customers of two branches of Equity Bank Westlands, Nairobi County. For the study, a questionnaire was the preferred instrument for data collection and before the study was conducted, the questionnaire was pre-tested to gauge its validity and reliability.Results: The findings revealed that marketing strategies considered in this study namely customer relationship management, customer satisfaction, communication and customer loyalty have a positive relationship with performance. Additionally, the relationship was significant at 95% confidence since p<0.05 for all the four marketing strategies implying that they are important factors affecting performance of Equity bank. When the relationship between each marketing strategy and performance was considered individually, customer relationship management had a strong positive correlation with performance followed by customer satisfaction then customer loyalty. Communication had a weak but positive correlation with performance since the respondents felt that staff need to be more supportive than they are currently and open communication at the bank with customers’ needs to improve although the bank has various communication channels.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study therefore recommends that the bank should bear in mind factors related to customer relationship management and customer satisfaction in order to attract more customers and increase retention levels. Perhaps, the bank should explore market driven strategies which seeks to address customer needs and use segmentation, targeting and positioning as opposed to mass marketing.
INFLUENCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS’ CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MARKETING (CRM) STRATEGY ON GROWTH OF MSES IN KENYA
Authors: Kathuku Jane Karambu , Ngugi Dr. Patrick Karanja , Muturi Dr. Willy
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to establish the influence of commercial banks’ customer relationship marketing (CRM) strategy on growth of MSEs in Kenya.Methodology: The study employed a descriptive survey design with a population of 2,519,457 MSEs in Kenya and the chief credit officers from the 44 commercial banks in Kenya. The bank chief credit officers and MSEs owners were targeted for information by this study because they were likely to be the decision makers. The chief credit officers who were sampled from the headquarters of the commercial banks were actively involved in making lending decisions. The researcher used purposive sampling to select respondents. The sample size which was purposively selected was comprised of 352 respondents. The study will use questionnaires to collect data from the field. Both quantitative and qualitative data gathered will be coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data in frequency distributions and percentages which were presented in tables and figures. Inferential statistics were used to analyze qualitative data.Results: The study found out that commercial banks’ customer relationship marketing (CRM) strategy have a positive and significant effect on MSEs Growth.Unique contribution to practice and policy: It was recommended that commercial banks should improve on customer relationship management to enhance the growth of MSEs. This study demonstrated that keeping banking relationships can be beneficial to firms, in so far as contact between the commercial banks and MSE can improve the availability of funds and lower their costs.
DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR IN CHAIN SUPERMARKETS IN KENYA: A MODERATING ROLE OF GOVERNMENT POLICY
Authors: Kiboro Grace Wambui , Omwenga Dr. Jane , Iravo Prof. Mike
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The objective of the study was to determine the government policy moderating influence on consumer buying behavior in chain supermarkets in Kenya. Methodology: The target population consisted of 33 chain supermarkets in Kenya. The target population comprised of 634 employees from these supermarkets. Descriptive research design was used for this study. In addition regression and correlation analysis was used to link the relationships between the dependent and the independent variables.Results: The study established that Government policy moderates consumer buying behavior in chain supermarkets in Kenya. All the independent variables were moderated by the variable government policy to give a composite (interaction term). The R-Square reduced after moderation. Therefore, the study concluded that government policy influence Consumer Buying Behavior.Recommendation: It is recommended that chain supermarkets should align their internal policies with that of the government policies. Government as a stakeholder is prompted to develop policies that will encourage more spending by the consumers. This can be in form of tax waivers on consumer goods and services to encourage consumer to spend money locally as opposed to travelling to global markets to buy such products.
Choosing the Best Social Media Influencer: The role of gender, age, and product type in influencer marketing.
Authors: Al-Shehri Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Social media has created a new type of celebrity form (influencers), which is defined as people who are famous on social media and have many followers. Companies currently depend on influencers to send their marketing messages to the audience, and to increase the marketing ROI, it is important to target the right influencers.

Purpose: This research focused on social media influencers’ impact on consumer purchase intent and showed whether gender difference of consumers or influencers had any effect on those decisions. The research also included the age of consumers and the product type to know if they had any effect.

Methodology: Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to obtain the required information; two focus groups were conducted to get the names of 80 influencers, and an online questionnaire was used to collect the data, formula of the sample size by Krejcie and Morgan (1970 as cited by Kasomo, 2001) was used to determine study sample of 387 respondents.

Results: The results indicated that male influencers impact male consumers more than female consumers, while female influencers impact female consumers more than male consumers. Age of consumer does not affect the gender-based impact results. In addition, the results indicate that only few influencers have more impact on specific product type, thus, influencer’s impact based on product type is not so common.

Recommendations: It is recommended for the companies to find influencers who are having a lot of impact on a specific product type that matches the product they want to promote, and to select the influencer based on the customers they are targeting, if companies are targeting female customers, they should look for popular female influencer, and if they are targeting male customers, they should look for popular male influencer.
Analisis Resiko Sistem Informasi Penjualan Berbasis ISO 31000: Study Kasus PT XYZ
Authors: Saputra Endang , Rudianto Christ , Tanaem Penidas Fiodinggo
Published: January 2022

PT. XYZ, which is engaged in the manufacture of furniture and furniture components, was established in 2006. PT XYZ in carrying out its production uses production machines that are integrated with Information Systems. In every business process carried out by PT. XYZ requires IS/IT that supports every activity it carries out. PT XYZ uses production machines that are quite old. Conditions that occur at PT. XYZ can be explained in more detail using a risk management approach. The purpose of risk management is to manage existing risks based on the ISO 31000 standard so that the company gets optimal results.
Research on Vehicle Automatic Driving Target Perception Technology Based on Improved MSRPN Algorithm
Authors: Yang Min
Published: January 2022

Vehicle automatic driving technology can effectively improve the safety performance of vehicle driving. This research is aimed at the needs of vehicle automatic driving. Combined with vehicle perception technology, a better target recognition algorithm is proposed. By comparing the recognition and recall rate of ION algorithm, HYPERNET algorithm, R-CNN (Regions with CNN features) algorithm, and multi-strategy region proposal network (MSRPN) algorithm, it can be seen that MSPRN algorithm has better algorithm performance and is suitable for target detection and recognition in vehicle automatic driving.
 
Received: 5 November 2021 | Revised: 12 December 2021 | Accepted: 10 January 2022
 
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.
Nasal Preinitials in Tangut Phonology
Authors: Gong Xun
Published: January 2022

Gong Hwang-cherng proposed that the Tangut language has a distinction between short and long vowels. To date, however, no reliable correlates have been found regarding the actual phonological nature of the distinction. A careful examination of Chinese loanwords in Tangut and Sino-Tangut pronunciation reveals that the “vowel length” distinction should be revised to that of the presence vs. absence of a nasal preinitial. The pair  “weed” vs. “tomb,” borrowed respectively from Chinese 蒲 bu and 墓 muH (the latter from a Northwest-type reflex with *mb-), hitherto reconstructed as buʶÅ {buÅ} vs. buʶ¹ {bu¹}, should be revised to buʶ¹  vs. mbuʶ².  The reconstructed nasal preinitial not only has a close typological parallel in Modern West Rgyalrongic, but is equally reflected in other sources of evidence, most strikingly Sanskrit transcription and fǎnqiè. The revision solves a large number of problems in the historical phonology of Tangut, though not without raising some new ones, especially in connection with the treatment of Proto-Rgyalrongic preinitials before nasals.
Innovation in Teaching-Learning Process: An Experiment of Srinivas University
Authors: K. V. M. Varambally , H Sujaya , Aithal P. S.
Published: January 2022

In an education system updation, upgradation, and quality improvement are the necessary factors to maintain fitness in the changing environment. Teaching community needs to upgrade their teaching quality keeping knowledge about the latest happenings in the real world. Individual growth and Institutional growth must grow together. The goal congruence between teachers and educational institutions facilitate for accelerated development. Apart from this the students/aspirants for education need to have knowledge as well as skill to enhance their employability in the market.This paper aims to highlight the innovative experiment of Srinivas University which attempted quality improvement of postgraduate students as well as teaching community in order to maintain its fitness and also enhance itsuniqueness among private universities.
Ideias de reforma ou uma Reforma efectiva entre os Franciscanos Portugueses. Da viragem Boaventuriana (finais do séc. XIII) às vésperas de 1517
Authors: Teixeira Vitor
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho pretende estudar e actualizar a chegada, implantação ou mesmo recusa de reformas entre os Frades Menores em Portugal até à bula leonina de 1517, Ite vos, em que se impõe a reforma da Observância. Vários intentos e caminhos se tentaram trilhar, experimentar, vozes aqui e ali se levantaram, na Europa, a defender uma reforma da Ordem, em todos os domínios. Da pobreza de Cristo ao regresso às origens da Ordem, da imitação do Fundador ao retorno ao eremitismo e a uma tentativa de refundação da Ordem, várias foram as formas que esta tentativa de reforma teve. Em Portugal, temos algumas figuras, como veremos, intentos e renovos, temos a Observância a partir de 1392, mas até essa data pouco se conhece, para além de figuras como Fr. Álvaro Pais, bispo de Silves, uma figura que clamava por mudança, mas sem cortar os grilhões da instituição. A Observância será o primeiro momento espiritual, mas também institucional, a dar corpo a esses pródromos de reforma na Ordem, consumando-se a partir de 1392, na forma de uma reforma, antes da grande reforma católica tridentina.
Las reformas franciscanas bajomedievales en la península ibérica. Balances y perspectivas de estudio
Authors: Rojo Alique Francisco Javier
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo pretende aportar un estado de la cuestión de los estudios sobre las reformas franciscanas de los siglos XIV y XV en la península ibérica, que sigue siendo uno de los períodos menos conocidos de la historia del franciscanismo hispano. Para empezar, se realiza un breve recorrido por las publicaciones y las líneas de investigación más importantes que se han ocupado del tema en los últimos veinte años. A continuación se proponen diversas perspectivas de estudio que pueden contribuir a una mejor comprensión de este fenómeno: se ve necesario profundizar en las causas del reformismo franciscano ibérico, pues la explicación clásica que muestra la reforma como reacción a una relajación de la Orden debe matizarse; debe también estudiarse mejor cuándo y por qué el movimiento de renovación franciscano acabó derivando en un proceso de ruptura, y qué papel desempeñaron diversos agentes externos a la Orden en dicha transformación. Finalmente, se presentan una serie de propuestas temáticas que ayuden a conocer mejor algunos aspectos concretos del reformismo franciscano ibérico bajomedieval.
Beguinas, beatas, monjas y terciarias: modelos femeninos de reforma franciscana (ca. 1400-1517)
Authors: Graña Cid María del Mar
Published: January 2022

Con este trabajo analizamos los distintos modelos de reforma franciscana femenina documentados en un marco urbano local, Córdoba, entre las primeras noticias en torno a 1400 y 1517, fijando una cronología evolutiva. Partimos de la necesidad de conocer dichos modelos atendiendo a las tipologías de los espacios de espiritualidad que generaron, sus orientaciones carismáticas y sus posibles vínculos con los franciscanos. Valoramos la compleja evolución de las reformas y la incidencia femenina, tanto en el desarrollo de la Conventualidad y la Observancia como en su enfrentamiento. Es palpable el activo compromiso mostrado por las religiosas en estos procesos y su afán por compartir con los varones en clave de fraternidad, pero también, según contextos, por abrir ámbitos de autonomía. Asimismo, el interés de conventuales y observantes por ellas. Otra nota importante es el gran influjo que la espiritualidad jerónima ha ejercido sobre el reformismo franciscano hispano en su trayectoria bajomedieval.