bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambient air pollution and endocrinologic disorders in childhood
Authors: Heo You Joung , Kim Hae Soon
Published: September 2021

Ambient air pollution has been proposed as an important environmental risk factor that increases global mortality and morbidity. Over the past decade, several human and animal studies have reported an association between exposure to air pollution and altered metabolic and endocrine systems in children. However, the results for these studies were mixed and inconclusive and did not demonstrate causality because different outcomes were observed due to different study designs, exposure periods, and methodologies for exposure measurements. Current proposed mechanisms include altered immune response, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, inadequate placental development, and epigenetic modulation. In this review, we summarized the results of previous pediatric studies that reported effects of prenatal and postnatal air pollution exposure on childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus, obesity, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, and timing of pubertal onset, along with underlying related mechanisms.
Diverse etiologies, diagnostic approach, and management of primary adrenal insufficiency in pediatric age
Authors: Yoo Han-Wook
Published: September 2021

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in pediatric age is a rare, but potentially fatal condition caused by diverse etiologies including biochemical defects of steroid biosynthesis, developmental abnormalities of the adrenal gland, or reduced responsiveness to adrenocorticotropic hormone. Compared to adult PAI, pediatric PAI is more often the result of genetic (monogenic, syndromic disorders) than acquired conditions. During the past decade, rare monogenic disorders associated with PAI have helped unravel the underlying novel molecular genetic mechanism. The diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in children and young infancy is often challenging, usually based on clinical suspicion and endocrine laboratory findings. Pediatric endocrinologists sometimes encounter therapeutic difficulty in finding the balance between undertreatment and overtreatment, determining how to optimize the dose over the patient’s lifetime, and maximizing mimicry of normal cortisol secretion with glucocorticoid replacement therapy.
Steroidogenic electron-transfer factors and their diseases
Authors: Miller Walter L.
Published: September 2021

Most steroidogenesis disorders are caused by mutations in genes encoding the steroidogenic enzymes, but work in the past 20 years has identified related disorders caused by mutations in the genes encoding the cofactors that transport electrons from NADPH to P450 enzymes. Most P450s are microsomal and require electron donation by P450 oxidoreductase (POR); by contrast, mitochondrial P450s require electron donation via ferredoxin reductase (FdxR) and ferredoxin (Fdx). POR deficiency is the most common and best-described of these new forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Severe POR deficiency is characterized by the Antley-Bixler skeletal malformation syndrome and genital ambiguity in both sexes, and hence is easily recognized, but mild forms may present only with infertility and subtle disorders of steroidogenesis. The common POR polymorphism A503V reduces catalysis by P450c17 (17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase) and the principal drugmetabolizing P450 enzymes. The 17,20-lyase activity of P450c17 requires the allosteric action of cytochrome b5, which promotes interaction of P450c17 with POR, with consequent electron transfer. Rare b5 mutations are one of several causes of 17,20-lyase deficiency. In addition to their roles with steroidogenic mitochondrial P450s, Fdx and FdxR participate in the synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters used by many enzymes. Disruptions in the assembly of Fe-S clusters is associated with Friedreich ataxia and Parkinson disease. Recent work has identified mutations in FdxR in patients with neuropathic hearing loss and visual impairment, somewhat resembling the global neurologic disorders seen with mitochondrial diseases. Impaired steroidogenesis is to be expected in such individuals, but this has not yet been studied.
2.-ledstryk og andre sprogformer i Kortvending
Authors: Brink Lars
Published: September 2021

A new and brilliant diplomatic edition of »Kortt wendingh« appeared in 2013, following MS AM 808, 4°. The editor was †Leif Stedstrup. The edition contains a so-called »school comedy« written by Hans Christensen Sthen in c. 1570. Sthen was born in 1544 and grew up in Roskilde. His hymns, some of which are still sung, are well known, but his language is not particularly well researched. I have tried to extract all of the interesting pronunciations and a few of the grammatical features that occur in »Kortt wendingh«. It has not proven to be an easy task because Danish orthography in the sixteenth century was somewhat complex and can be difficult for us to evaluate today. But as all alphabetical writing encapsulates the pronunciation of its time, I think that such a linguistic investigation can be undertaken and provide information about late sixteenth-century Danish pronunciation on Sjælland. (Incidentally, »Kortt wendingh« is both the name of the main character (cf. the English name Curt) and a phrase in Danish meaning a ‘sharp vicissitude’ (concerning one’s fate), which is, indeed, the topic of the play).
Leonardo da Vinci
Authors: Barnwell Jeppe
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a hitherto unpublished essay by the Danish symbolist poet Sophus Claussen (1865-1931). The essay entitled ‘Leonardo da Vinci’ was intended for the collection Løvetandsfnug (‘dandelion fluff’), 1918, but was for unknown reasons omitted in the final edition. In the essay, Claussen recalls when, at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence in 1902–03, he saw a painting (perhaps by Leonardo da Vinci) depicting the Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary. At the time, the Virgin Mary of the painting reminded Claussen of a young Danish girl with whom he had been hopelessly in love some ten years prior. The remembrance of this past experience, at the time of writing the essay in early or mid 1918, causes him to contemplate not only the artistic method of Leonardo, but also, more generally, the relationship between chastity and lust, nature and imitation, and art and science. ‘Leonardo da Vinci’ has never been described in the secondary sources on Claussen’s work. It is, however, arguably both interesting and exemplary for its dual role as both a biographical and poetological lead in his essays and in his oeuvre as a whole.
Adulting Shorts: The “TEA” on IEPS Part 1
Authors:   Transitions ACR
Published: September 2021

This info-comic is for high school students to help them understand what an Individualized Educational Plan or IEP is, what transition planning is, and the importance of the student being involved in them. This info-comic is based on work by the Translating Evidence to Support Transitions (TEST) team (NIDILRR Grant number 90DP0080).
The experience of psychodiagnostic and counselling work of the hotline in the conditions of pandemic in Transnistria
Authors: Bondarenko Yulia , Kilinskaia Natalia , Buchkova Alla
Published: September 2021

The subject of this research is the interaction of psychologists with the callers to psychological support hotline in the conditions of pandemic in Transnistria. The authors explore the peculiarities of communication between specialists and clients of the crisis hotline in the time of large-scale emergency situation. The article describes the experience of organizing and functioning of the open hotline within the regional component in Transnistria during 2020–2021. Special attention is given to structurization of the principles and technologies of the emergency psychological response in the work of psychological support lines under the conditions of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. The authors determine the peculiarities of rapid diagnostics in the context of counseling over the phone, outline the stages, tasks and specificity of psychological counseling of hotline callers based on the sampling of over 2,000 callers, including 176 adolescents and young men. The novelty of this research consist in determination of the diagnostics and counseling in the work of the psychological support hotline based on the regional specificities features of Transnistria and conflict emotional experiences of its residents. Leaning on the acquired results, the author develops practical recommendations for the hotline specialists of rendering psychological supports in the CIS countries, taking into account changing requests of the citizens in the conditions of crisis and emergency situations. The analysis of the results reveals the nature of appeals of the citizens to hotline and their conflict emotional experiences in the time of COVID-19 pandemic. The conclusion is made that the crucial components in interaction the psychologists and callers to the psychological support hotline in the context of the pandemic in Transnistria are associated with anger, frustration, experiencing loss, depressive states, child-parent relations, and distance learning.
Coboundaries of commuting Borel automorphisms
Authors: Sanadhya Shrey
Published: September 2021

We show that if \(S\), \(T\) are two commuting automorphisms of a standard Borel space such that they generate a free Borel \(\mathbb{Z}^2\)-action then \(S\) and \(T\) do not have same sets of real valued bounded coboundaries. We also prove a weaker form of Rokhlin Lemma for Borel \(\mathbb{Z}^d\)-actions.
Certain properties of continuous fractional wavelet transform on Hardy space and Morrey space
Authors: Verma Amit K. , Gupta Bivek
Published: September 2021

In this paper we define a new class of continuous fractional wavelet transform (CFrWT) and study its properties in Hardy space and Morrey space. The theory developed generalize and complement some of already existing results.
The Transformation Myth
Authors: Kane Gerald C. , Nanda Rich , Nguyen Phillips Anh , Copulsky Jonathan R.
Published: September 2021

In this business bestseller, how companies can adapt in an era of continuous disruption: a guide to responding to such acute crises as COVID-19. Gold Medalist in Business Disruption/Reinvention.

When COVID-19 hit, businesses had to respond almost instantaneously—shifting employees to remote work, repairing broken supply chains, keeping pace with dramatically fluctuating customer demand. They were forced to adapt to a confluence of multiple disruptions inextricably linked to a longer- term, ongoing digital disruption. This book shows that companies that use disruption as an opportunity for innovation emerge from it stronger. Companies that merely attempt to “weather the storm” until things go back to normal (or the next normal), on the other hand, miss an opportunity to thrive.

The authors, all experts on business and technology strategy, show that transformation is not a one-and-done event, but a continuous process of adapting to a volatile and uncertain environment. Drawing on five years of research into digital disruption—including a series of interviews with business leaders conducted during the COVID-19 crisis—they offer a framework for understanding disruption and tools for navigating it. They outline the leadership traits, business principles, technological infrastructure, and organizational building blocks essential for adapting to disruption, with examples from real-world organizations. Technology, they remind readers, is not an end in itself, but enables the capabilities essential for surviving an uncertain future: nimbleness, scalability, stability, and optionality.
Profiling sensory neuron microenvironment after peripheral and central axon injury reveals key pathways for neural repair
Authors: Avraham Oshri , Feng Rui , Ewan Eric Edward , Rustenhoven Justin , Zhao Guoyan , Cavalli Valeria
Published: September 2021

Sensory neurons with cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) represent a useful model to study axon regeneration. Whereas regeneration and functional recovery occurs after peripheral nerve injury, spinal cord injury or dorsal root injury is not followed by regenerative outcomes. Regeneration of sensory axons in peripheral nerves is not entirely cell autonomous. Whether the DRG microenvironment influences the different regenerative capacities after injury to peripheral or central axons remains largely unknown. To answer this question, we performed a single-cell transcriptional profiling of mouse DRG in response to peripheral (sciatic nerve crush) and central axon injuries (dorsal root crush and spinal cord injury). Each cell type responded differently to the three types of injuries. All injuries increased the proportion of a cell type that shares features of both immune cells and glial cells. A distinct subset of satellite glial cells (SGC) appeared specifically in response to peripheral nerve injury. Activation of the PPARα signaling pathway in SGC, which promotes axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury, failed to occur after central axon injuries. Treatment with the FDA-approved PPARα agonist fenofibrate increased axon regeneration after dorsal root injury. This study provides a map of the distinct DRG microenvironment responses to peripheral and central injuries at the single-cell level and highlights that manipulating non-neuronal cells could lead to avenues to promote functional recovery after CNS injuries or disease.
Competitive binding of MatP and topoisomerase IV to the MukB hinge domain
Authors: Fisher Gemma LM , Bolla Jani R , Rajasekar Karthik V , Mäkelä Jarno , Baker Rachel , Zhou Man , Prince Josh P , Stracy Mathew , Robinson Carol V , Arciszewska Lidia K , Sherratt David J
Published: September 2021

Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) complexes have ubiquitous roles in compacting DNA linearly, thereby promoting chromosome organization-segregation. Interaction between the Escherichia coli SMC complex, MukBEF, and matS-bound MatP in the chromosome replication termination region, ter, results in depletion of MukBEF from ter, a process essential for efficient daughter chromosome individualization and for preferential association of MukBEF with the replication origin region. Chromosome-associated MukBEF complexes also interact with topoisomerase IV (ParC2E2), so that their chromosome distribution mirrors that of MukBEF. We demonstrate that MatP and ParC have an overlapping binding interface on the MukB hinge, leading to their mutually exclusive binding, which occurs with the same dimer to dimer stoichiometry. Furthermore, we show that matS DNA competes with the MukB hinge for MatP binding. Cells expressing MukBEF complexes that are mutated at the ParC/MatP binding interface are impaired in ParC binding and have a mild defect in MukBEF function. These data highlight competitive binding as a means of globally regulating MukBEF-topoisomerase IV activity in space and time.
3′HS1 CTCF binding site in human β-globin locus regulates fetal hemoglobin expression
Authors: Himadewi Pamela , Wang Xue Qing David , Feng Fan , Gore Haley , Liu Yushuai , Yu Lei , Kurita Ryo , Nakamura Yukio , Pfeifer Gerd P , Liu Jie , Zhang Xiaotian
Published: September 2021

Mutations in the adult β-globin gene can lead to a variety of hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia. An increase in fetal hemoglobin expression throughout adulthood, a condition named hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH), has been found to ameliorate hemoglobinopathies. Deletional HPFH occurs through the excision of a significant portion of the 3′ end of the β-globin locus, including a CTCF binding site termed 3′HS1. Here, we show that the deletion of this CTCF site alone induces fetal hemoglobin expression in both adult CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and HUDEP-2 erythroid progenitor cells. This induction is driven by the ectopic access of a previously postulated distal enhancer located in the OR52A1 gene downstream of the locus, which can also be insulated by the inversion of the 3′HS1 CTCF site. This suggests that genetic editing of this binding site can have therapeutic implications to treat hemoglobinopathies.
Predicting cancer risk based on family history
Authors: Jacobs Michelle F
Published: September 2021

A new software package provides more accurate cancer risk prediction profiles and has the ability to integrate more genes and cancer types in the future.
Iterative multilinear optimization for planar model fitting under geometric constraints
Authors: Azorin-Lopez Jorge , Sebban Marc , Fuster-Guillo Andres , Saval-Calvo Marcelo , Habrard Amaury
Published: September 2021

Planes are the core geometric models present everywhere in the three-dimensional real world. There are many examples of manual constructions based on planar patches: facades, corridors, packages, boxes, etc. In these constructions, planar patches must satisfy orthogonal constraints by design (e.g. walls with a ceiling and floor). The hypothesis is that by exploiting orthogonality constraints when possible in the scene, we can perform a reconstruction from a set of points captured by 3D cameras with high accuracy and a low response time. We introduce a method that can iteratively fit a planar model in the presence of noise according to three main steps: a clustering-based unsupervised step that builds pre-clusters from the set of (noisy) points; a linear regression-based supervised step that optimizes a set of planes from the clusters; a reassignment step that challenges the members of the current clusters in a way that minimizes the residuals of the linear predictors. The main contribution is that the method can simultaneously fit different planes in a point cloud providing a good accuracy/speed trade-oﬀ even in the presence of noise and outliers, with a smaller processing time compared with previous methods. An extensive experimental study on synthetic data is conducted to compare our method with the most current and representative methods. The quantitative results provide indisputable evidence that our method can generate very accurate models faster than baseline methods. Moreover, two case studies for reconstructing planar-based objects using a Kinect sensor are presented to provide qualitative evidence of the efficiency of our method in real applications.
IoT-based intrusion detection system using convolution neural networks
Authors: Aljumah Abdullah
Published: September 2021

In the Information and Communication Technology age, connected objects generate massive amounts of data traffic, which enables data analysis to uncover previously hidden trends and detect unusual network-load. We identify five core design principles to consider when designing a deep learning-empowered intrusion detection system (IDS). We proposed the Temporal Convolution Neural Network (TCNN), an intelligent model for IoT-IDS that aggregates convolution neural network (CNN) and generic convolution, based on these concepts. To handle unbalanced datasets, TCNN is accumulated with synthetic minority oversampling technique with nominal continuity. It is also used in conjunction with effective feature engineering techniques like attribute transformation and reduction. The presented model is compared to two traditional machine learning algorithms, random forest (RF) and logistic regression (LR), as well as LSTM and CNN deep learning techniques, using the Bot-IoT data repository. The outcomes of the experiments depicts that TCNN maintains a strong balance of efficacy and performance. It is better as compared to other deep learning IDSs, with a multi-class traffic detection accuracy of 99.9986 percent and a training period that is very close to CNN.
Blockchain support for execution, monitoring and discovery of inter-organizational business processes
Authors: Morales-Sandoval Miguel , Molina José A. , Marin-Castro Heidy M. , Gonzalez-Compean Jose Luis
Published: September 2021

In an Inter-Organizational Business Process (IOBP), independent organizations (collaborators) exchange messages to perform business transactions. With process mining, the collaborators could know what they are actually doing from process execution data and take actions for improving the underlying business process. However, process mining assumes that the knowledge of the entire process is available, something that is difficult to achieve in IOBPs since process execution data generally is not shared among the collaborating entities due to regulations and confidentiality policies (exposure of customers’ data or business secrets). Additionally, there is an inherently lack-of-trust problem in IOBP as the collaborators are mutually untrusted and executed IOBP can be subject to dispute on counterfeiting actions. Recently, Blockchain has been suggested for IOBP execution management to mitigate the lack-of-trust problem. Independently, some works have suggested the use of Blockchain to support process mining tasks. In this paper, we study and address the problem of IOBP mining whose management and execution is supported by Blockchain. As contribution, we present an approach that takes advantage of Blockchain capabilities to tackle, at the same time, the lack-of-trust problem (management and execution) and confident execution data collection for process mining (discovery and conformance) of IOBPs. We present a method that (i) ensures the business rules for the correct execution and monitoring of the IOBP by collaborators, (ii) creates the event log, with data cleaning integrated, at the time the IOBP executes, and (iii) produces useful event log in XES and CSV format for the discovery and conformance checking tasks in process mining. By a set of experiments on real IOBPs, we validate our method and evaluate its impact in the resulting discovered models (fitness and precision metrics). Results revealed the effectiveness of our method to cope with both the lack-of-trust problem in IOBPs at the time that contributes to collect the data for process mining. Our method was implemented as a software tool available to the community as open-source code.
Discordance in maternal and paternal genetic markers in lesser long-nosed bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae, a migratory bat: recent expansion to the North and male phylopatry
Authors: Trejo-Salazar Roberto-Emiliano , Castellanos-Morales Gabriela , Hernández-Rosales DulceCarolina , Gámez Niza , Gasca-Pineda Jaime , Morales Garza Miguel Rene , Medellin Rodrigo , Eguiarte Luis E.
Published: September 2021

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae, the lesser long-nosed bat is an abundant migratory nectar-feeding bat found in most of Mexico, and in some areas of northern Central America and small sections of southwestern USA. We analyzed the distribution of the maternal and paternal lineages of this species with phylogeographic methods based on two mitochondrial markers, Cyt-b and D-loop, and a marker located in the Y chromosome, DBY. We obtained tissue samples from 220 individuals from 23 localities. Levels of genetic diversity (haplotype diversity, Hd) were high (Cyt-b = 0.757; D-loop = 0.8082; DBY = 0.9137). No clear patterns of population genetic structure were found for mitochondrial markers, while male genetic differentiation suggested the presence of two lineages: one from Mexican Pacific coast states and another from central-southern Mexico; in accordance to strong male philopatry and higher female migration. We used genealogical reconstructions based on Bayesian tools to calculate divergence times, and to test coalescent models to explain changes in L. yerbabuenae historical demography. Our results show that recent demographic changes were consistent with global climatic changes (∼130,000 kyr ago for Cyt-b and ∼160,000 kyr for D-loop) and divergence times dated from molecular genealogies exhibited older divergence times, Cyt-b (4.03 mya), D-loop (10.26 mya) and DBY (12.23 mya). Accordingly, the female lineage underwent demographic expansion associated to Pleistocene climate change, whereas the male lineage remained constant.
Optimization of Shortest Path Problem using Dijkstra’s Algorithm in Imprecise Environment
Authors: Dey Samir , Malakar Sriza , Rajak Shibnath
Published: September 2021

Dijkstra algorithm is a widely used algorithm to find the shortest path between two specified nodes in a network problem. In this paper, a generalized fuzzy Dijkstra algorithm is proposed to find the shortest path using a new parameterized defuzzification method. Here, we address most important issue like the decision maker’s choice. A numerical example is used to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Religion and Politics According to Ibn Khaldun: Two Different Readings
Authors: KOBYA Murat
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, birbirine taban tabana zıt iki farklı İbn Haldun okumasının mevcut olduğu vurgulanmış, söz konusu farklı okumalar, onun din-devlet ilişkileri ile ilgili görüşleri esas alınarak incelenmiş ve hangi İbn Haldun tasavvurunun
daha doğru olduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. İbn Haldun’un laik devlet idaresini savunduğunu iddia eden yaklaşımın çoğunlukla aydınlanmacı-pozitivist dünya görüşüne bağlı olduğu ve onun akli siyaset-dini siyaset, halifelik-mülk
ve akli bilimler-dini bilimler ayrımına dayandığı tespit edilmiştir. Tam aksi bir düşünceyi savunan ikinci yaklaşımın ise, aydınlanmacı-pozitivist paradigmanın evrensel insanlık evrimi şemasını reddettiği, İslam medeniyeti ile
Hıristiyan-Batı medeniyetinin tarihi –kültürel birikim ve tecrübesinin farklılığını vurguladığı, İslam düşünce geleneğine mensup olan İbn Haldun’un laiklik gibi Batı’nın özgül tarihi-kültürel tecrübesinin ürünü olan bir ilke ile
ilişkilendirilmesinin mümkün olmadığını iddia ettiği belirlenmiştir. İslam dininin kurumsal yapısının Hıristiyanlıktan farklı olması; Kilise gibi dini temsil eden, ekonomik, hukuki, siyasi ve entelektüel güç odağı haline gelmiş
bir örgütün mevcut olmaması; İslam düşünce geleneği ve hukuk anlayışının toplumsal gerçekliğe uyum kabiliyetinin ileri düzeyde olması gibi argümanlardan hareketle, İslam dünyasında, Batı’nın aksine, din ile devlet ve diğer kurumlar
arasında çatışma doğmadığı vurgulanmış, İbn Haldun’un geleneksel İslam düşüncesine uygun olarak din-devlet birlikteliğini açıkça savunduğu belirtilerek, onun laik devlet idaresine taraftar olmadığı ve dolayısıyla onu, İslam düşünce
geleneğine bağlı bir düşünür olarak tasavvur eden yaklaşımın isabetli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
A paisagem como rede de dramaturgias
Authors: Wilker Francis
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo se dedica a examinar a noção de paisagem sob diferentes perspectivas e os modos de compreendê-la  como dramaturgia nas artes da cena. A paisagem, tradicionalmente associada àquilo que o olhar humano é capaz de abarcar, tem mobilizado especial interesse na contemporaneidade, especialmente por possibilitar um modo de pensar a complexidade e multidimensionalidade dos fenômenos sociais do nosso tempo. Nesse sentido, configura-se como um conceito operatório na análise de parte da produção teatral brasileira contemporânea que, de modo acentuado desde a década de 1990, se interessa por um diálogo composicional fora  do edifício teatral institucionalizado, ou seja, dirige-se ao mundo a céu aberto. As reflexões são tecidas tomando como exemplo algumas encenações, tais como Bom Retiro 958m (2012), Dias Felizes (1993), BR-3 (2006) e recorre aos estudos de pesquisadores como Besse (2014), Cauquelin (2007), Dias (2010) e Ingold (2015). Ao refletir sobre a paisagem como representação cultural, obra coletiva das sociedades, sua dimensão morfológica, seu sentido de experiência e como projeto, o estudo evidencia um complexo sistema de materiais, textos e sentidos que, aos olhos e interesses de um encenador, pode ser tomado como uma rede de dramaturgias em permanente interação e transformação.
Dramaturgias sem fronteiras: reorganizando horizontes
Authors: Santana Ivani , Mascarenhas George
Published: September 2021

Pensar numa dramaturgia expandida é, talvez, compreender que os artistas da cena são inventores que articulam com um entrelaçado de conhecimentos disponíveis no mundo, demonstrando que a contemporaneidade está para além de definições fixas. Esses artistas percebem a necessidade de olhar para além dos limites pretensos para suas linguagens, pois não têm interesse de aceitar barreiras empoeiradas por ditames de antigas convenções. Afinal, o que realmente delimitaria uma proposição artística se não a própria possibilidade criativa de uma pessoa?
Overexpression of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance
Authors: Zhang Han‐Jie , Chen Gang , Chen Shang‐Wei , Fu Zong‐Wang , Zhou Hua‐Fu , Feng Zhen‐Bo , Mo Jun‐Xian , Li Chang‐Bo , Liu Jun
Published: September 2021

Cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) plays a significant role in certain malignancies. However, it remains unclear whether CDK1 plays a role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study was to analyze the expression and clinical value of CDK1 in ESCC. CDK1 protein in 151 ESCC tissues and 138 normal esophageal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. RNA‐seq of eight pairs of ESCC and adjacent esophageal specimens was performed to evaluate the levels of CDK1 mRNA. Microarray and external RNA‐seq data from 664 cases of ESCC and 1733 cases of control tissues were used to verify the difference in CDK1 expression between the two groups. A comprehensive analysis of all data was performed to evaluate the difference in CDK1 between ESCC tissues and control tissues. Further, functional enrichment analyses were performed based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ESCC and co‐expressed genes (CEGs) of CDK1. In addition, a lncRNA‐miRNA‐CDK1 network was constructed. The expression of CDK1 protein was obviously increased in ESCC tissues (3.540 ± 2.923 vs. 1.040 ± 1.632, P < 0.001). RNA‐seq indicated that the mRNA level of CDK1 was also highly expressed in ESCC tissues (5.261 ± 0.703 vs. 2.229 ± 1.161, P < 0.0001). Comprehensive analysis revealed consistent up‐regulation of CDK1 (SMD = 1.41; 95% CI 1.00–1.83). Further, functional enrichment analyses revealed that the functions of these genes were mainly concentrated in the cell cycle. A triple regulatory network of PVT1‐hsa‐miR‐145‐5p/hsa‐miR‐30c‐5p‐CDK1 was constructed using in silico analysis. In summary, overexpression of CDK1 is closely related to ESCC tumorigenesis.
Preparation of Ni–Co–Cu Ternary Alloy Coatings by the Low‐Cost Electrochemical Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yao Zhengjun , Yao Mengxin , Du Wenbo , Zhang Zelei , Tao Xuewei
Published: September 2021

Herein, Ni–Co–Cu ternary alloy coating is prepared by electrochemical additive manufacturing. Using potential as a variable parameter, the morphology, organization phase, composition, and performance of the coating are analyzed. The results show that current density, coating structure, and chemical composition varies depending on the potential parameters. As the potential increases, the thickness of the coating increases (5–10 μm), and the content of Co and Cu decreases (Co: 32.5–16.3 wt%. Cu: 27.6–8.7 wt%). The coating has a distinct multilayer structure with a thickness of nanometers per layer. The Ni–Co–Cu coatings prepared herein are all FCC nanocrystalline structures (90–100 nm). In a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of the coating decreases with the increase of potential parameters. The Ni–Co–Cu coating prepared under the lower potential parameter (−2.5 V) has the smallest corrosion current (9.32 × 10−6 A cm−2) and higher polarization resistance (53 667 Ω cm2).
Excellent Specific Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Anisotropic Freeze‐Cast Native and Carbonized Bacterial Cellulose‐Alginate Foams
Authors: Qiu Kaiyan , Wegst Ulrike G. K.
Published: September 2021

Native and carbonized freeze‐cast bacterial cellulose‐alginate (BC‐ALG) foams possess an ice‐templated honeycomb‐like architecture with remarkable properties. Their unique pore morphology consists of two levels of porosity: 20–50 µm diameter pores between, and 0.01–10 µm diameter pores within the cell‐walls. The mechanical properties of the BC‐ALG foams, a Young's modulus of up to 646.2 ± 90.4 kPa and a compressive yield strength of up to 37.1 ± 7.9 kPa, are high for their density and scale as predicted by the Gibson–Ashby model for cellular materials. Carbonizing the BC‐ALG foams in an inert atmosphere at 1000–1200 °C in a second processing step, both pore morphology and mechanical properties of the BC‐ALG remain well preserved with specific mechanical properties that are higher than those reported in the literature for similar foams. Also the electrical conductivity of the BC‐ALG foams is high at 1.68 ± 0.04 S cm−1 at a density of only 0.055 g cm−3, and is found to increase with density as predicted, and as a function of the degree of carbonization determined by both carbonization temperature and atmosphere. The property profile makes freeze‐cast BC‐ALG foams and their carbonized foams attractive for energy applications and as a sorbent.
N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone Iodide as Functional Precursor Additive for Record Efficiency 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 Solar Cells
Authors: Li Zhizai , Ma Bo , Xu Youkui , Lei Yutian , Lan Wei , Wang Gang , Li Wenquan , Wang Qiang , Zhang Hao‐Li , Jin Zhiwen
Published: September 2021

2D perovskite (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 (PEA: phenylethylammonium) exhibits more strengthened phase stability than its 3D components under ambient conditions and hence gained great attention in recent years. However, uncontrollable crystallization kinetics in (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 leads to difficulty in controlling film morphology and phase‐orientation regulation, resulting in poor power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, by incorporating precursor additive N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone iodide (NMPI), the crystallization rate during the deposition of (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 film is efficiently regulated. As a result, the 2D or quasi‐2D perovskite solar cell (PSC) delivers record PCEs in all reported 2D or quasi‐2D CsPbX3 families, for instance, the quasi‐2D (n = 20) CsPbI3 PSC exhibits a record PCE of 14.59%, showing significantly enhanced stability. Detailed characterization reveals that the NMPI forms hydrogen bonds with dimethylammonium iodide (DMAI) in the precursor to control crystallization rate for a smooth morphology with small fluctuation, which leads to improved carrier lifetime and reduced trap‐density. More importantly, femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) measurements confirm an improved phase purity and the suppressed nonradiative recombination in quasi‐2D perovskite film. It is believed that this simple additive strategy paves a new route for solving phase transition and crystallization kinetic problems in 2D and quasi‐2D CsPbX3.
Inert Mask Lithography of Edge Narrowed Graphene Nanoribbons Directly Contacted to Metallic Electrodes
Authors: Arjmandi‐Tash Hadi , Bellunato Amedeo , van der Ham Alex , Schneider Grégory F.
Published: September 2021

Patterning graphene into strips with nanometer‐scale widths, i.e. graphene nanoribbons, is an effective approach to customize different properties of the material. Narrowing a large sheet of graphene via conventional top‐down approaches meets the intrinsic resolution limitations of lithography. Process residuals as a result of using sticky polymeric templates may also influence the performance of the eventual device, in addition to altering the chemistry of the ribbons. Here, a facile approach for pattering graphene nanoribbons via an inert metallic mask lithography is reported. The masks are prepared by the microtomy of metallic thin films, embedded within polymeric scaffolds and precisely deposited on top of a graphene monolayer. The inertness of the masks allows the precise narrowing of the graphene under different etching environments, permitting the control over the edge chemistry. Remarkably a mild ultrasonication is enough to remove the mask entirely at the end of the process, without leaving any residue. For electronic applications, however, partial removal of the metallic mask using a laser power, in situ realizes a pair of electrodes, hence avoiding the often difficult issue of electrode alignment. The method proposes a simple and direct approach towards the design of chemically tailored, scalable, and electrically connected graphene nanoribbons.
Effect of Host Generation on the Luminescent and Charge Transporting Properties of Solution Processed OLEDs
Authors: Gao Mile , Jang Junhyuk , Leitner Tanja , Mai Van T. N. , Ranasinghe Chandana S. K. , Chu Ronan , Burn Paul L. , Pivrikas Almantas , Shaw Paul E.
Published: September 2021

Tris(4‐carbazoyl‐9‐ylphenyl)amine (TCTA) is a commonly used host material for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). TCTA has poor solubility and hence to improve solubility the authors have synthesized first‐ and second‐generation TCTA‐based dendrimers with n‐propyl surface groups. These dendrimeric TCTA hosts have improved solubility and similar photophysical properties to TCTA. The hole mobility of solution‐processed TCTA is found to be an order of magnitude less than films formed by evaporation and similar to that of the two dendronized TCTAs (mobilities in the order of 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1). The hole mobility in the films is found to decrease when a green emissive first‐generation light‐emitting dendrimer is blended with the host materials due to charge trapping on the emissive guest. In the case of the second‐generation host, there is evidence of a degree of phase separation in the film. Organic light‐emitting diodes are fabricated at guest concentrations corresponding to the maximum observed photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and lowest hole mobility. It is found that the external quantum efficiency (EQE) does not always scale with the PLQY, leading to devices that have EQEs higher than expected based on the PLQY and outcoupling of light from a bottom emitting device.
Localized and Surface Plasmons Coupling for Ultrasensitive Dopamine Detection by means of SPR‐Based Perylene Bisimide/Au Nanostructures Thin Film
Authors: Pagano Rosanna , Syrgiannis Zois , Bettini Simona , Ingrosso Chiara , Valli Ludovico , Giancane Gabriele , Prato Maurizio
Published: September 2021

Dopamine (DA) is an important catecholamine neurotransmitter involved in neural and hormonal functions. Neural diseases, as Parkinson's, are connected to a significant lowering of DA concentration to picomolar levels in cerebrospinal fluid. So, in this contribution, a hybrid active layer based on a perylene bisimide (PBI) derivative and multishaped Au nanostructures is proposed for the development of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) dopamine detection system. PBI molecules, transferred as thin film by the dip coating approach, are demonstrated to be able to detect dopamine down to 10–12 m by SPR method. The presence of Au nanostructures promotes an important surface enhanced Raman scattering effect of Raman PBI signals highlighting a strong energetic communication between the two species. In this way, when PBI/Au nanostructures (AuNS) films are deposited by the layer‐by‐layer method and used for DA SPR detection, the sensitivity toward dopamine 10−12 m is doubled. The PBI/AuNS hybrid layer is able to detect picomolar concentration of dopamine, due to the coupling of localized (AuNS) and propagating surface plasmons on SPR slide. In particular, an interfacial coupling among localized surface plasmon resonance on AuNS and the propagating plasmon on Au thin film (of SPR slide) can be promoted.
In Situ and Operando Analyses of Reaction Mechanisms in Vanadium Oxides for Li‐, Na‐, Zn‐, and Mg‐Ions Batteries
Authors: Park Sul Ki , Dose Wesley M. , Boruah Buddha Deka , De Volder Michael
Published: September 2021

Due to their diversity in the composition, lattice structures and physical/chemical properties, and various oxidation states (2+, 3+, 4+, and 5+), (VxOy) nanomaterials have attached much attention for developing new rechargeable batteries, including lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs), zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), and magnesium‐ion batteries (MIBs) as well as new energy storage concepts such as light‐rechargeable batteries. However, to further improve the electrochemical performance of VxOy‐based batteries, it is crucial to understand the various electrochemical mechanisms taking place in these materials for LIBs, NIBs, ZIBs, and MIBs. This review covers a systematical discussion of in situ and operando analysis methods carried out on V2O5, VO2, LixVyOz, NaxVyOz, ZnxVyOz, and MgxVyOz for LIBs, NIBs, ZIBs, and MIBs and the fundamental insights they have provided in the energy storage mechanisms in these batteries.
Surface Local Polarization Induced by Bismuth‐Oxygen Vacancy Pairs Tuning Non‐Covalent Interaction for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Di Jun , Chen Chao , Zhu Chao , Long Ran , Chen Hailong , Cao Xingzhong , Xiong Jun , Weng Yuxiang , Song Li , Li Shuzhou , Li Huaming , Xiong Yujie , Liu Zheng
Published: September 2021

The inefficient charge separation and lack of active sites have been regarded as the main obstacles limiting the CO2 photoreduction efficiency. It is highly desirable but challenging to create a local polarization field to accelerate charge separation and build reactive sites for CO2 reduction dynamics. Herein, atomic level bismuth‐oxygen vacancy pairs are engineered into Bi24O31Br10 (BOB) atomic layers to create a local polarization field. It facilitates photogenerated electrons to migrate from BOB to vacancy pair sites and favors the activation of CO2 molecules. Simultaneously, it works as reactive sites to tune the non‐covalent interaction of intermediates and optimizes the reaction process. The vacancy pairs tuned surface atomic structures enable the formation of a highly stable Bi−C−O−Bi intermediate state and consecutive Bi−C−O intermediate, thus changing the rate‐determining step from CO* formation to COOH* formation. Benefiting from these features, the VBiO‐BOB delivers a 20.9‐fold CO2 photoreduction activity enhancement relative to highly crystalline BOB in pure water with highly stability. This work provides new insights for the design of a vacancy pair to create local polarization and tune the non‐covalent interaction.
Reclaiming the mission of academic medicine: An examination of institutional responses to (anti)racism
Authors: Sotto‐Santiago Sylk , Sharp Sacha , Mac Jacqueline , Messmore Niki , Haywood Antwione , Tyson Michele , Yi Varaxy
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The utility of institutional statements is said to provide clarity and reinforcement of an institution's goal. Unfortunately, it can also be argued that these statements are in clear misalignment between the words described and the environments that faculty, students, trainees, and staff of color face. The purpose of this study was to analyze academic medicine institutional statements that responded to 2020 racial tensions following the murders of George Floyd, among others, and the subsequent nationwide protests against police brutality.

Methods

We conducted a manifest content analysis of institutional statements generated by academic medical centers after George Floyd's murder. We used manifest content analysis to gain insights into how institutional statements connect structural racism to the mission of academic medicine. We collected and examined institutional statements from 26 academic medicine centers. Selection parameters included statements that were publicly available and published by the institutions during a 2‐week period. We conducted a four‐stage analysis: decontextualization, recontextualization, categorization, and compilation. To better understand the collection of statements, we plotted these institutional statements according to the most salient discussed themes.

Results

Overall, institutional statements discussed racism through three subthemes: identifying the racial implications of health disparities, issuing a call to action to address racism, and decentering race. Absent language is also noted. Second, institutional statements evoked institutional values by expressing an explicit connection with the academic medicine mission, naming the value of social justice, and emphasizing the concept of community. Finally, institutional statements largely discussed public health in connection with racism or with institutional values.

Conclusion

Our study determines a much‐needed reconnection to the mission of academic medicine. Reclaiming the social mission will be a major step toward recentering the foundation of institutional actions. This call is what ultimately will improve the health and well‐being of marginalized populations.
MXene‐Copper/Cobalt Hybrids via Lewis Acidic Molten Salts Etching for High Performance Symmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Bai Yang , Liu Chunli , Chen Tingting , Li Wenting , Zheng Shasha , Pi Yecan , Luo Yongsong , Pang Huan
Published: September 2021

MXenes have attracted great interests as supercapacitors due to their metallic conductivity, high density, and hydrophilic nature. Herein we report Ti3C2‐Cu/Co hybrids via molten salt etching in which the existence of metal atoms and their interactions with MXene via surficial O atoms were elucidated by XAFS for the first time. The electrochemical investigation of Ti3C2‐Cu electrode demonstrated the pseudocapacitive contribution of Cu and a splendid specific capacitance of 885.0 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 in 1.0 M H2SO4. Symmetric supercapacitor Ti3C2‐Cu//Ti3C2‐Cu was demonstrated with operating voltage of 1.6 V, areal capacitance of 290.5 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2, and stability over 10 000 cycles. It delivered an areal energy density of 103.3 μWh cm−2 at power density of 0.8 mW cm−2, based on which a supercapacitor pouch was fabricated. It provides deeper insights into the molten salt mechanism and strategies for designing MXene‐based materials for electrochemical energy storage.
Characterizing the Conformational Distribution in an Amorphous Film of an Organic Emitter and Its Application in a “Self‐Doping” Organic Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Shi Yi‐Zhong , Wang Kai , Zhang Shao‐Li , Fan Xiao‐Chun , Tsuchiya Youichi , Lee Yi‐Ting , Dai Gao‐Le , Chen Jia‐Xiong , Zheng Cai‐Jun , Xiong Shi‐Yun , Ou Xue‐Mei , Yu Jia , Jie Jian‐Sheng , Lee Chun‐Sing , Adachi Chihaya , Zhang Xiao‐Hong
Published: September 2021

The conformational distribution and mutual interconversion of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters significantly affect the exciton utilization. However, their influence on the photophysics in amorphous film states is still not known due to the lack of a suitable quantitative analysis method. Herein, we used temperature‐dependent time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy to quantitatively measure the relative populations of the conformations of a TADF emitter for the first time. We further propose a new concept of “self‐doping” for realizing high‐efficiency nondoped OLEDs. Interestingly, this “compositionally” pure film actually behaves as a film with a dopant (quasi‐equatorial form) in a matrix (quasi‐axial form). The concentration‐induced quenching that may occur at high concentrations is thus expected to be effectively relieved. The “self‐doping” OLED prepared with the newly developed TADF emitter TP2P‐PXZ as a neat emitting layer realizes a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 25.4 % and neglectable efficiency roll‐off.