bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological characterization of Leptospirosis in a hospital in northwestern Colombia during 2013-2023.
Authors: Hernández Jorge , Dulcey Luis , Villamizar Diana , Gómez Ayala Jaime , Theran Juan , Esteban Laura , Quitian Jerson , Ochoa Valentina , Castillo Daniel , Torres Diego
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Background: In Colombia the epidemiology of Leptospirosis is variable, there are multiple epidemiological conditions by region, and however the characterization of Santander in recent years is scarce. Methods: We carried out a primary observational study where we described the epidemiology from 2013 to 2023 of the reported cases of leptospirosis in a hospital in the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia. Descriptive statistical methods were used. Results: A total of 50 patients were recruited, 70% being male and 30% female. The ages ranged from 16-77 years. 80% of the patients came from urban areas and only 20% from rural areas. The source of contamination corresponded to contact with rodents and no sources of infection were found in any pet or companion animal. The main consultation symptom was fever, the average duration of symptoms was 8 + 5 days. The average hospital stay was 8 days. Conclusions: The characteristics of the population presented here do not differ consistently with other regions of Latin America. The epidemiology and clinical features are heterogeneous, requiring strict epidemiological surveillance to reduce the incidence of this type of infection.
Pembuatan Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Keuangan dan Pendataan Warga Rukun Tetangga di Desa Plosorejo Kabupaten Blitar Berbasis Website
Authors: Mohammad Robihul Mufid  , Pratama Chrysna Ardy Putra , Fariza Arna , Yunanto Andhik Ampuh , Damastuti Fardani Annisa , Aditama Darmawan , Basofi Arif , Mawaddah Saniyatul , Ikawati Yunia , Majid Nur Syaela
Published: May 2024

Sebagai bentuk pemerintahan terkecil RT melakukan berbagai fungsi tersebut seperti pelayanan administrasi keuangan dan pendataan kependudukan, Kekayaan RT dan data kependudukan warga harus dikelola secara tertib, transparan, tercatat dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Karena manajemen keuangan masih menggunakan cara pencatatan manual Warga Desa Plosorejo  Blitar tidak bisa me-monitoring keuangan secara langsung dan mengalami keresahan jika buku keuangan tersebut mengalami kerusakan. Selain itu tidak efektif nya pengolahan data warga oleh ketua RT karena sering berkeliling desa untuk meminta data warga. Solusi dari permasalahan di atas adalah Membuat website sistem informasi manajemen keuangan dan pendataan warga Desa Plosorejo  Blitar,agar mengurangi keresahan warga dan pihak ketua RT jika mengalami kehilangan atau rusaknya catatan keuangan desa,dan juga mengefektifkan,mempercepat sekaligus meringankan tugas ketua RT dalam mengolah data warga. Metode pengujian proyek akhir ini menggunakan black box testing untuk menguji fungsionalitas aplikasi dan skala likert untuk menghitung persentasi kuesioner.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Computational Thinking Untuk Guru Pendidikan Dasar di Malang
Authors: Pramudhita Agung Nugroho , Vipkas Al Hadid Firdaus  , Odhitya Desta Triswidrananta  , Imam Fahrur Rozi
Published: May 2024

Kemajaun teknologi dan perubahan yang terjadi memberikan kesadaran baru bahwa Indonesia tidak lagi berdiri sendiri. Pengamat Pendidikan dari Eduspec Indonesia, menyebutkan sistem pendidikan Indonesia saat ini belum dapat menjawab tantangan global. Untuk mengejar ketertinggalan siswa Indonesia dalam kemampuan sains, membaca, dan matematika, perlu dilakukan terobosan dalam sistem pendidikan. Politeknik Negeri Malang dalam hal ini menjadi salah satu Biro dari Bebras internasional (bebras.org) di wilayah Kota Malang dan sekitarnya dalam menggelar Tantangan Bebras (Bebras Challenge) secara periodik per tahun untuk mengedukasi konsep berpikir komputasional dan informatika kepada siswa sekolah pada berbagai tingkatan usia. Dengan edukasi konsep berpikir komputasional ini dapat membantu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir komputasional pada siswa SMP ISLAM AL UMM, dengan didahului melatih konsep Berpikir Komputasional untuk guru-guru SMP ISLAM AL UMM yang langsung berperan dalam mendidik siswa-siswi di sekolah sekaligus membuat media ajar interaktif. Dengan adanya pelatihan berpikir komputasional, diharapkan kemampuan problem solving pada guru dapat meningkat dan guru bisa mengajarkannya kepada siswa-siswi mereka
Peningkatan Kualitas dan Kuantitas Tempe Melalui Mixing Machine Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino Leonardo pada Home Industry di Desa Sumber Pasir Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Dani irawan  , Erwin Komara Mindarta  , Andri Wisnu  , M. Anas Thohir  , Mufida Khurotul Aini
Published: May 2024

Tujuan pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah (1) Menghasilkan teknologi tepat guna berupa mixing machine berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino Leonardo pada produksi tempe, untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas pada mitra pengabdian, (2) Melakukan bimbingan teknis tentang penggunaan alat  mixing machine berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino Leonardo. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah pemberdayaan masyarakat yang ditempuh melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan. Simpulan dari pengabdian masyarakat adalah Alat yang telah dibuat dapat menjaga suhu ruang fermentasi dengan nilai yang sedikit fluktuatif mendekati suhu set point yang diberikan. Waktu proses fermentasi tempe yang tercepat didapatkan dengan suhu set point 35 celcius, Sedangkan lama waktu  fermentasi tempe tanpa pengaturan suhu ruangan adalah dari 40 ̊ celcius sampai dengan 48 ̊ celcius. Peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas produk olahan tempe bisa dilakukan melalui penggunaan teknologi tepat guna dalam proses produksinya, yaitu menggunakan alat otomasi perebusan kedelai pada produksi tempe. Alat ini mampu meningkatkan kuantitas produksi dari 100 kg/hari menjadi 250 kg/hari dengan waktu produksi 7 jam pengerjaan, melalui penggunaan teknologi tepat guna ini bisa meningkatkan kuantitas produknya yang akan dijual kepada pembeli.
Quantitative assessment Cyclooxygenase – 2 immunohistochemical expression in different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia
Authors: Tilak Babu Siddabattuni N. , Kattappagari Kiran Kumar , Chandrasekhar P. , Kommalapati Vatsalya , Kantheti Lalith Prakash Chandra
Published: May 2024

Oral leukoplakia (OLP) is one the most common potentially malignant disorders account 0.2 to 4.9% of malignant transformation and dysplastic lesions vary from 3-6% this rate of malignant conversion depends on the different grades of epithelial dysplasia. Recent literature suggests that increased levels of COX-2 in potentially malignant disorders and malignant tumors show prominent genetic evidence in tumorigenesis. Assessment of Cyclooxygenase-2 – 2 (COX-2) immunohistochemical expression in different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia.

Materials and Methodology
A total of forty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were obtained from departmental archives which are histopathological diagnoses of different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia each grade ten samples was included. Stained with COX-2 and positive cells were counted and tabulated for statistical analysis.

Results
Comparison between genders in oral leukoplakia males was more when compared with females. The mean age in mild epithelial dysplasia was more when compared with moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia. Expression of COX-2 was increased from mild to severe epithelial dysplasia increases. The mean number of positive cells was increased. A comparison of all groups was not statistically significant (p≥0.05). Conclusion: Oral leukoplakia (OLP) is one the most common potentially malignant disorders which accounts for 0.2 to 4.9% of malignant transformation. COX-2 can be used for early detection and prognostic makers in different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia.

Keywords: Cyclooxygenase, Expression, Oral leukoplakia, Potentially malignant transformation
Autonomous diode laser weeding mobile robot in cotton field using deep learning, visual servoing and finite state machine
Authors: Mwitta Canicius , Rains Glen C. , Prostko Eric P.
Published: May 2024

Small autonomous robotic platforms can be utilized in agricultural environments to target weeds in their early stages of growth and eliminate them. Autonomous solutions reduce the need for labor, cut costs, and enhance productivity. To eliminate the need for chemicals in weeding, and other solutions that can interfere with the crop’s growth, lasers have emerged as a viable alternative. Lasers can precisely target weed stems, effectively eliminating or stunting their growth. In this study an autonomous robot that employs a diode laser for weed elimination was developed and its performance in removing weeds in a cotton field was evaluated. The robot utilized a combination of visual servoing for motion control, the Robotic operating system (ROS) finite state machine implementation (SMACH) to manage its states, actions, and transitions. Furthermore, the robot utilized deep learning for weed detection, as well as navigation when combined with GPS and dynamic window approach path planning algorithm. Employing its 2D cartesian arm, the robot positioned the laser diode attached to a rotating pan-and-tilt mechanism for precise weed targeting. In a cotton field, without weed tracking, the robot achieved an overall weed elimination rate of 47% in a single pass, with a 9.5 second cycle time per weed treatment when the laser diode was positioned parallel to the ground. When the diode was placed at a 10°downward angle from the horizontal axis, the robot achieved a 63% overall elimination rate on a single pass with 8 seconds cycle time per weed treatment. With the implementation of weed tracking using DeepSORT tracking algorithm, the robot achieved an overall weed elimination rate of 72.35% at 8 seconds cycle time per weed treatment. With a strong potential for generalizing to other crops, these results provide strong evidence of the feasibility of autonomous weed elimination using low-cost diode lasers and small robotic platforms.
Recovery of rare earth elements from low-grade coal fly ash using a recyclable protein biosorbent
Authors: Hussain Zohaib , Dwivedi Divya , Kwon Inchan
Published: May 2024

Rare earth elements (REEs), including those in the lanthanide series, are crucial components essential for clean energy transitions, but they originate from geographically limited regions. Exploiting new and diverse supply sources is vital to facilitating a clean energy future. Hence, we explored the recovery of REEs from coal fly ash (FA), a complex, low-grade industrial feedstock that is currently underutilized (leachate concentrations of REEs in FA are < 0.003 mol%). Herein, we demonstrated the thermo-responsive genetically encoded REE-selective elastin-like polypeptides (RELPs) as a recyclable bioengineered protein adsorbent for the selective retrieval of REEs from coal fly ash over multiple cycles. The results showed that RELPs could be efficiently separated using temperature cycling and reused with high stability, as they retained ∼95% of their initial REE binding capacity even after four cycles. Moreover, RELPs selectively recovered high-purity REEs from the simulated solution containing one representative REE in the range of 0.0001–0.005 mol%, resulting in up to a 100,000-fold increase in REE purity. This study offers a sustainable approach to diversifying REE supplies by recovering REEs from low-grade coal fly ash in industrial wastes and provides a scientific basis for the extraction of high-purity REEs for industrial purposes.
Exploring the impact of lipid droplets on the evolution and progress of hepatocarcinoma
Authors: Maurotti Samantha , Geirola Nadia , Frosina Miriam , Mirarchi Angela , Scionti Francesca , Mare Rosario , Montalcini Tiziana , Pujia Arturo , Tirinato Luca
Published: May 2024

Over the past 10 years, the biological role of lipid droplets (LDs) has gained significant attention in the context of both physiological and pathological conditions. Considerable progress has been made in elucidating key aspects of these organelles, yet much remains to be accomplished to fully comprehend the myriad functions they serve in the progression of hepatic tumors. Our current perception is that LDs are complex and active structures managed by a distinct set of cellular processes. This understanding represents a significant paradigm shift from earlier perspectives. In this review, we aim to recapitulate the function of LDs within the liver, highlighting their pivotal role in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) (Hsu and Loomba, 2024) and their contribution to the progression towards more advanced pathological stages up to hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) (Farese and Walther, 2009). We are aware of the molecular complexity and changes occurring in the neoplastic evolution of the liver. Our attempt, however, is to summarize the most important and recent roles of LDs across both healthy and all pathological liver states, up to hepatocarcinoma. For more detailed insights, we direct readers to some of the many excellent reviews already available in the literature (Gluchowski et al., 2017; Hu et al., 2020; Seebacher et al., 2020; Paul et al., 2022).
Green route to fabrication of Semal-ZnO nanoparticles for efficient solar-driven catalysis of noxious dyes in diverse aquatic environments
Authors: Lal Ratan , Gour Tripti , Dave Narendra , Singh Niharika , Yadav Jigyasu , Khan Afshin , Jain Akshita , Agarwal Lokesh Kumar , Sharma Yogesh Kumar , Sharma Kuldeep
Published: May 2024

This work successfully demonstrates a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing Semal-ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Bombax ceiba L. These NPs exhibit an absorption peak at approximately 390 nm in the UV-visible spectrum and an energy gap (Eg) of 3.11 eV. Detailed analyses of the morphology and particle size using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, XRD, FE-SEM with EDS, and HR-TEM reveal crystallographic peaks attributable to the hexagonal phase, with an average crystal size of 17 nm. The Semal-ZnO NPs also exhibit a notable photocatalytic efficiency for degrading methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) under sunlight in different water samples collected from diverse natural sources, indicating that they are promising photocatalysts for environmental remediation. The photocatalytic efficiency of the biofabricated Semal-ZnO NPs is impressive, exhibiting a photodegradation rate of up to 99% for MB and 79% for MO in different water samples under exposure to sunlight. The novel phytofabricated Semal-ZnO NPs are thus a beacon of hope for the environment, with their desirable photocatalytic efficiency, pseudo-first-order kinetics, and ability to break down noxious dye pollutants in various aquatic environments.
Hydatid fluid from Echinococcus granulosus induces autophagy in dendritic cells and promotes polyfunctional T-cell responses
Authors: Chop Maia , Ledo Camila , Nicolao María Celeste , Loos Julia , Cumino Andrea , Rodriguez Rodrigues Christian
Published: May 2024

Parasites possess remarkable abilities to evade and manipulate the immune response of their hosts. Echinococcus granulosus is a parasitic tapeworm that causes cystic echinococcosis in animals and humans. The hydatid fluid released by the parasite is known to contain various immunomodulatory components that manipulate host´s defense mechanism. In this study, we focused on understanding the effect of hydatid fluid on dendritic cells and its impact on autophagy induction and subsequent T cell responses. Initially, we observed a marked downregulation of two C-type lectin receptors in the cell membrane, CLEC9A and CD205 and an increase in lysosomal activity, suggesting an active cellular response to hydatid fluid. Subsequently, we visualized ultrastructural changes in stimulated dendritic cells, revealing the presence of macroautophagy, characterized by the formation of autophagosomes, phagophores, and phagolysosomes in the cell cytoplasm. To further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in hydatid fluid-induced autophagy, we analyzed the expression of autophagy-related genes in stimulated dendritic cells. Our results demonstrated a significant upregulation of beclin-1, atg16l1 and atg12, indicating the induction of autophagy machinery in response to hydatid fluid exposure. Additionally, using confocal microscopy, we observed an accumulation of LC3 in dendritic cell autophagosomes, confirming the activation of this catabolic pathway associated with antigen presentation. Finally, to evaluate the functional consequences of hydatid fluid-induced autophagy in DCs, we evaluated cytokine transcription in the splenocytes. Remarkably, a robust polyfunctional T cell response, with inhibition of Th2 profile, is characterized by an increase in the expression of il-6, il-10, il-12, tnf-α, ifn-γ and tgf-β genes. These findings suggest that hydatid fluid-induced autophagy in dendritic cells plays a crucial role in shaping the subsequent T cell responses, which is important for a better understanding of host-parasite interactions in cystic echinococcosis.
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from hospitalized patients in different regions of China
Authors: Li Yan , Xie Chonghong , Zhang Zhijie , Liu Jianhua , Chang Hui , Liu Yong , Qin Xiaosong
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The increasing incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has posed great challenges for the clinical anti-infective treatment. Here, we describe the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of K. pneumoniae and CRKP isolates from hospitalized patients in different regions of China.

Methods

A total of 219 K. pneumoniae isolates from 26 hospitals in 19 provinces of China were collected during 2019–2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests, multilocus sequence typing were performed, antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial resistance profiles were compared between different groups.

Results

The resistance rates of K. pneumoniae isolates to imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem were 20.1%, 20.1%, and 22.4%, respectively. A total of 45 CRKP isolates were identified. There was a significant difference in antimicrobial resistance between 45 CRKP and 174 carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP) strains, and the CRKP isolates were characterized by the multiple-drug resistance phenotype.There were regional differences among antimicrobial resistance rates of K. pneumoniae to cefazolin, chloramphenicol, and sulfamethoxazole,which were lower in the northwest than those in north and south of China.The mostcommon sequence type (ST) was ST11 (66.7% of the strains). In addition, we detected 13 other STs. There were differences between ST11 and non-ST11 isolates in the resistance rate to amikacin, gentamicin, latamoxef, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, aztreonam, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and ceftazidime/avibactam. In terms of molecular resistance mechanisms, the majority of the CRKP strains (71.1%, 32/45) harbored blaKPC-2, followed by blaNDM (22.2%, 10/45). Strains harboring blaKPC or blaNDM genes showed different sensitivities to some antibiotics.

Conclusion

Our analysis emphasizes the importance of surveilling carbapenem-resistant determinants and analyzing their molecular characteristics for better management of antimicrobial agents in clinical use.
Examining climate trends and patterns and their implications for agricultural productivity in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania
Authors: Mugabe Paschal , Kipkulei Harison , Sieber Stefan , Mhache Emmanuel , Löhr Katharina
Published: May 2024

Climate variability impacts various global challenges, including food security, biodiversity loss, water scarcity, and human well-being. However, climate patterns and trends and community perceptions at spatially-explicit levels have been minimally addressed. The spatial and temporal trends of climate conditions in Bagamoyo District in Tanzania were examined using historical (1983–2010) and projected (2022–2050) meteorological and climate model data, respectively. Community knowledge and experiences of past climate occurrences were included. The implications of projected climate change for regional agricultural production and food security were assessed. The study drew on empirical data obtained from household surveys conducted in seven villages in the district. Effectively, 309 households were randomly sampled across the villages to provide the perception of climate change and associated impacts on agriculture and livelihoods. Both qualitative and quantitative statistical techniques were employed to analyse the incidence, frequency, and intensity of regional extreme climate events. The meteorological and climate modelling data were subjected to trend analysis using the Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator tests, and the present and projected spatial and temporal trends of climatic variables in the region were analysed. The household-based questionnaire results were combined with climate modelling and the literature to determine the implications of climate change for regional agricultural production and food security. The results revealed that local knowledge and climate model data strongly concur on regional climate changes. Furthermore, the region is highly likely to experience increased warming and decreased precipitation at varying magnitudes. The shifts in climate trends and patterns are anticipated to greatly impact agricultural production, affecting livelihoods and hampering food security efforts. Recommendations include adopting context-specific measures and tailored strategies for enhancing resilience throughout the entire region.
A flexible tropical cyclone vortex initialization technique for GFDL SHiELD
Authors: Gao Kun , Harris Lucas , Tong Mingjing , Zhou Linjiong , Chen Jan-Huey , Cheng Kai-Yuan
Published: May 2024

Tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecasting poses challenges due to complex dynamical processes and data inadequacies during model initialization. This paper describes efforts to improve TC intensity prediction in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) System for High-resolution prediction on Earth-to-Local Domains (SHiELD) model by implementing a Vortex Initialization (VI) technique. The GFDL SHiELD model, relying on the Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis for initialization, faces deficiencies in initial TC structure and intensity. The VI method involves adjusting the TC vortex inherited from the GFS analysis and merging it back into the environment at the observed location, enhancing the analyzed representation of storm structure. We made modifications to the VI package implemented in the operational Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System, including handling initial condition data, reducing input domain size, and improving storm intensity enhancement. Experiments using the T-SHiELD configuration demonstrate that using VI significantly improves the representation of initial TC intensity and size, enhancing TC predictions, particularly in storm intensity and outer wind forecasts within the first 48 h.
Understanding the interplay between teacher self-efficacy, teacher–student interactions, and students’ self-regulated learning skills at different levels of classroom ecology
Authors: de Ruig Niels J. , Zee Marjolein , de Jong Peter F.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Studies pinpoint the importance of exploring factors in the classroom environment that might foster students’ SRL-skills in various domains. This study explored specific teacher and classroom factors, including self-efficacy for SRL-skills (TSE) and teacher–student interactions in relation to students’ self-regulated learning skills in various domains (metacognitive, motivational, and behavioral). Additionally, the moderating role of teacher–student interactions in the relationship between TSE and SRL-skills was examined.

Methods

Third-to sixth grade students (N = 1,278, 46.9% boys) from 63 classrooms of Dutch elementary schools completed reports about their metacognitive, motivational, and behavioral SRL-skills. Teachers reported on their TSE for eight randomly selected students from their classes. In addition, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System was used to observe the quality of teacher–student interactions.

Results

Multilevel analyses generally revealed that individual students reported better metacognitive, motivational, and behavioral SRL-skills when their teachers felt efficacious in teaching SRL-skills. However, none of the associations at the class level were significant. Moreover, when high-quality teacher–student interactions were observed, students reported lower levels of metacognitive, motivational, and behavioral SRL-skills. No moderating effect of teacher–student interactions on the relation between TSE and SRL-skills was found.

Discussion

These findings show that specific measures of TSE at the appropriate level of analysis may help to better explain variation in TSE and students’ SRL-skills.
Selected trace element uptake by rice grain as affected by soil arsenic, water management and cultivar -a field investigation
Authors: Farrow Eric M. , Wang Jianmin , Shi Honglan , Yang John , Hua Bin , Deng Baolin
Published: May 2024

Accumulation of arsenic (As) in rice grain was reported in many regions of the world, including the United States, which has been a threat to human health. This field research investigated the grain As accumulation and its relationship with the uptake of selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and cadmium (Cd) in soils with and without monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) amended, as effects of selected rice cultivars and water management. Results indicated that MSMA increased the accumulation of As and Se but decreased Mo for all six cultivars under four irrigation management. MSMA also increased grain-Cd in some cultivars. In no MSMA-amended soil (Native soil), intermittent flooding decreased grain-As by 66%, grain-Se by 21%, and grain-Mo by 63%, but increased grain-Cd by 64% in Zhe 733, a straighthead resistant cultivar, while in MSMA-amended soil, intermittent flooding decreased grain-As by 63% and grain-Mo by 44% but increased grain-Se by 68% and grain-Cd by three times. For all other five cultivars, intermittent flooding generally decreased grain-As and grain-Mo but increased grain-Se and grain-Cd. Zhe 733 cultivar resulted in the lowest grain concentrations of all trace elements in all water treatments. A negative grain As-Se correlation and a positive grain As-Mo correlation were significant but not the As-Cd correlation. This research showed that the uptake of As, Se, Mo, and Cd by rice grain occurred as a complex function of multiple variables, including cultivar type and soil chemistry. As a result, accumulation of As and other trace elements in rice grain may be controlled by selecting appropriate cultivars and adopting appropriate water management practices.
Mitigating Norway spruce mortality through the combined use of an anti-attractant for Ips typographus and an attractant for Thanasimus formicarius
Authors: Korolyova Nataliya , Bláha Jaromír , Hradecký Jaromír , Kašpar Jaroslav , Dvořáková Barbora , Jakuš Rastislav
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of combined treatment strategy, incorporating pheromones for bark beetle I. typographus (IT) and attractant of its natural enemy T. formicarius (TF), along with anti-attractants for IT (containing 1-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol, eucalyptol, trans-thujanol, and trans-conophthorin), to enhance protection methods for Picea abies against biotic disturbances. Two field experiments—trapping experiment and tree protection experiment—were conducted in June 2023 in managed spruce-dominated beetle-affected stands in Czechia. We anticipated higher catches of IT in traps baited with IT pheromone (containing s-ipsdienol, s-cis-verbenol, and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol) and TF attractant compared to traps using IT pheromone alone, since compounds intrinsic to IT pheromone, namely 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, ipsenol, and ipsdienol, are integral components of the attractant designed for TF. We hypothesized that application of TF attractant and IT anti-attractant would enhance the treatment's protective properties, assuming that attracted TF would function as a predator, reducing bark beetle population and increasing tree survival rates. Semiochemical composition declared by the producers was verified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. In the trapping experiment, EcoTrap-type traps were baited with six combinations of lures and anti-attractant. In the tree protection experiment, 28 mature Norway spruce trees situated at newly created forest edges underwent four treatment types: TF attractant, IT anti-attractant, their combination, and no treatment (“control”). Traps baited solely with TF attractant did not capture either beetle, whereas traps lured with IT pheromone, TF attractant and anti-attractant showed no captures of IT but recorded the highest numbers of TF, suggesting significant potential for combined treatment efficacy. Surprisingly, tree mortality was observed exclusively among trees treated only with TF attractant and in their vicinity, suggesting unique bark beetles' response to the mixture of predator's attractant and host tree kairomones, a phenomenon that was not previously reported. Application of anti-attractant and TF treatment effectively prevented tree mortality, demonstrating the repellent potential of IT anti-attractant against bark beetles. However, mortality rates showed no significant differences among control trees, those treated with anti-attractants, or those treated with the combination of anti-attractants and TF attractant, underscoring necessity for further research to optimize treatment efficacy.
Community-based breeding programs can realize sustainable genetic gain and economic benefits in tropical dairy cattle systems
Authors: Hunde Direba , Tadesse Yosef , Tadesse Million , Abegaz Solomon , Getachew Tesfaye
Published: May 2024

Implementing an appropriate breeding program is crucial to control fluctuation in performance, enhance adaptation, and further improve the crossbred population of dairy cattle. Five alternative breeding programs (BPs) were modeled considering available breeding units in the study area, the existing crossbreeding practices, and the future prospects of dairy research and development in Ethiopia. The study targeted 143,576 crossbred cows of 54,822 smallholder households in the Arsi, West Shewa, and North Shewa zones of the Oromia Region, as well as the North Shewa zone of the Amhara Region. The alternative BPs include conventional on-station progeny testing (SPT), conventional on-farm progeny testing (FPT), conventional on-station and on-farm progeny testing (SFPT), genomic selection (GS), and genomic progeny testing (GPT). Input parameters for modeling the BPs were taken from the analysis of long-term data obtained from the Holetta Agricultural Research Center and a survey conducted in the study area. ZPLAN+ software was used to predict estimates of genetic gain (GG) and discounted profit for goal traits. The predicted genetic gains (GGs) for milk yield (MY) per year were 34.52 kg, 49.63 kg, 29.35 kg, 76.16 kg, and 77.51 kg for SPT, FPT, SFPT, GS, and GPT, respectively. The GGs of the other goal traits range from 0.69 to 1.19 days per year for age at first calving, from 1.20 to 2.35 days per year for calving interval, and from 0.06 to 0.12 days per year for herd life. Compared to conventional BPs, genomic systems (GPT and GS) enhanced the GG of MY by 53%–164%, reduced generation interval by up to 21%, and improved the accuracy of test bull selection from 0.33 to 0.43. The discounted profit of the BPs varied from 249.58 Ethiopian Birr (ETB, 1 USD = 39.55696 ETB) per year in SPT to 689.79 ETB per year in GS. Genomic selection outperforms SPT, SFPT, and FPT by 266, 227%, and 138% of discounted profit, respectively. Community-based crossbreeding accompanied by GS and gradual support with progeny testing (GPT) is recommended as the main way forward to attain better genetic progress in dairy farms in Ethiopia and similar scenarios in other tropical countries.
Application of commercial seaweed extract-based biostimulants to enhance adventitious root formation in ornamental cutting propagation protocols: a review
Authors: Loconsole Danilo , Scaltrito Eugenio , Sdao Anna Elisa , Cristiano Giuseppe , De Lucia Barbara
Published: May 2024

Despite significant advancements in stem-cutting propagation, insufficient rooting efficiency remains an economic burden for the ornamental nursery industry. IBA and NAA play a critical role in generating adventitious roots (AR) when applied exogenously. In sustainable agriculture, the substitution of chemical inputs, with alternative natural eco-friendly products presents a key challenge. Biostimulants can form part of a solution to mitigate such risks deriving from the use of agrochemicals, they are generally considered to be non-toxic, non-polluting, biodegradable, and non-hazardous. The current knowledge of the use of commercial seaweed extract (SE) products applied to ornamental cutting propagation has not been summarized until now. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review, and we hypothesized that SE-based biostimulant application to ornamental stem cuttings improves AR formation in terms of rooting percentage, root number, and architecture. Moreover, they increase the overall quality of a rooted cutting as dry biomass and organic compound content. The authors chose SE-based biostimulants because they have been proven to have an extremely low carbon footprint; moreover, they are expected to account for more than 33% of the global market for biostimulants and reached a value of 894 million Euros by 2022. This review focuses on (i) SE-based biostimulants, in particular, brown algae; (ii) technical information on five commercial products: Goteo®, Kelpak®, AlgaminoPlant, Bio Rhizotonic, Actiwawe and others, less known, also used as phytoregulators substitutes; (iii) applied protocols, describing dose, application method, number of treatments, cutting type; (iv) effects of applied protocols on rooting rate, root architecture and overall rooted cutting quality. Outcomes show that findings vary based on crops, cuttings, location, raw materials, composition, dose, application number and procedures, and growth environment.
Diving head-first into brain intravital microscopy
Authors: Suthya Althea R. , Wong Connie H. Y. , Bourne Joshua H.
Published: May 2024

Tissue microenvironments during physiology and pathology are highly complex, meaning dynamic cellular activities and their interactions cannot be accurately modelled ex vivo or in vitro. In particular, tissue-specific resident cells which may function and behave differently after isolation and the heterogenous vascular beds in various organs highlight the importance of observing such processes in real-time in vivo. This challenge gave rise to intravital microscopy (IVM), which was discovered over two centuries ago. From the very early techniques of low-optical resolution brightfield microscopy, limited to transparent tissues, IVM techniques have significantly evolved in recent years. Combined with improved animal surgical preparations, modern IVM technologies have achieved significantly higher speed of image acquisition and enhanced image resolution which allow for the visualisation of biological activities within a wider variety of tissue beds. These advancements have dramatically expanded our understanding in cell migration and function, especially in organs which are not easily accessible, such as the brain. In this review, we will discuss the application of rodent IVM in neurobiology in health and disease. In particular, we will outline the capability and limitations of emerging technologies, including photoacoustic, two- and three-photon imaging for brain IVM. In addition, we will discuss the use of these technologies in the context of neuroinflammation.
Causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and epilepsy in a European population: a univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Chang , Ye Jiangnan , He Shixiu , Ma Zhijun , Luo Fang , Miao Jintao , Li Huinan , Cao Puhua , Zhu Jun
Published: May 2024

Background

Several previous studies have reported an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and epilepsy, but the causal relationship is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the connection between RA and epilepsy in a European population using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

Genome-wide association study summary data on RA and epilepsy from European populations were included. Univariate MR (UVMR) and multivariate MR were used to investigate the causal relationship between the two conditions. Three analysis methods were applied: inverse variance weight (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median, with IVW being the primary method. Cochran Q statistics, MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger intercept, leave-one-out test, and MR-Steiger test were combined for the sensitivity analysis.

Results

UVMR showed a positive association between RA and epilepsy risk (OR=1.038, 95% CI=1.007–1.038, p=0.017) that was supported by sensitivity analysis. Further MVMR after harmonizing the three covariates of hypertension, alcohol consumption, and smoking, confirmed the causal relationship between RA and epilepsy (OR=1.049, 95% CI=1.011–1.087, p=0.010).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that RA is associated with an increased risk of epilepsy. It has emphasized that the monitoring of epilepsy risk in patients diagnosed with RA should be strengthened in clinical practice, and further studies are needed in the future to explore the potential mechanism of action connecting the two conditions.
Impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on digestive enzymes, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense in fish farming: current insights and future perspectives
Authors: Amenyogbe Eric , Droepenu Eric Kwabena , Ayisi Christian Larbi , Boamah Grace Afumwaa , Duker Rahmat Quaigrane , Abarike Emmanuel Delwin , Huang Jian-sheng
Published: May 2024

There has been a surge of research in the aquaculture industry investigating probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic interventions on the physiological mechanisms of fish, specifically digestive enzymes, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense. In fish, probiotics have been shown to improve nutrient utilization and growth performance by stimulating digestive enzymes. Meanwhile, probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics have also been studied for their ability to modulate oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms in fish, highlighting their multifaceted health benefits. This review identified current trends, research gaps, and future considerations in this evolving field. Although promising findings have been made, a significant research gap exists in understanding the specific role of probiotics prebiotics, and synbiotics in modulating digestive enzymes, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense systems in a variety of fish species. As this study investigate into the existing body of literature, it becomes evident that while certain aspects of these interactions have been elucidated, a nuanced and comprehensive understanding still needs to be discovered. The variations in experimental design, species-specific responses, and the lack of standardized methodologies contribute to the complexity of the field. Digestive physiology and antioxidant defense mechanisms vary among different fish species, so future research should focus on species-specific responses to probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic formulations. It will also be possible to establish robust correlations between dietary interventions and observed effects through a systematic experimental design and methodology approach. Accordingly, further research is needed to understand the interactions between probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in fish and digestive enzymes, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense. Identifying research gaps and adopting standardized methodologies can help develop tailored strategies to optimize aquaculture fish health and growth performance.
Global burden and socioeconomic impact of knee osteoarthritis: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Li Erliang , Tan Jianshi , Xu Ke , Pan Ying , Xu Peng
Published: May 2024

Objective

To report the trend changes of the prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) according to age, sex, sociodemographic index (SDI), and income.

Methods

This analysis used estimates from the broader Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, which covered 201 countries from 1990 to 2019. National prevalence, incidence, and DALYs were shown by using ggplot2 and maps packages. Five-year intervals were used for age groupings. The Commonwealth and the World Bank income classifications were used for income grouping.

Results

Globally, there were ~364.58 million prevalent cases (females: 225.16 million), 29.51 million incident cases (females: 17.53 million), and 11.53 million DALYs (females: 7.09 million) due to KOA in 2019. The Western Pacific Region had a high endemicity of ~7,319.87 cases per 100,000 people (7.64%). Japan's prevalence rate (12,610.12 cases per 100,000 population) was 10 times that of Somalia (1,178.23) in 2019. In 200 countries (except the United Arab Emirates), the prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates of KOA in 2019 were higher among females than among males and increased with age up to the oldest age group. The prevalence was highest in the high-middle SDI countries, and the incidence and DALYs were highest in the middle SDI countries.

Conclusion

There was a large burden of KOA worldwide, with some notable intercountry variation. Some countries had 10 times the burden of other countries. Increasing population awareness regarding the prevalence, incidence, and DALYs of KOA with a focus on the population in the Western Pacific Region is needed, particularly for older females. informs health policy development, and contributes to improving the efficiency, equity, and effectiveness of healthcare systems.
Causal association between obstructive sleep apnea and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Du Rongrong , Zhu Yahui , Chen Peng , Li Mao , Zhang Ying , Huang Xusheng
Published: May 2024

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) had a high prevalence in the population. Whether OSA increases the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is unknown. Our aim was to clarify this issue using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in a large cohort.

Methods

Two-sample MR was used to evaluate the potential causality between OSA and ALS by selecting single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was chosen as the primary method to estimate causal association. Weighted median, weighted mode and simple mode methods were used as sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness of the results.

Results

In MR analysis, IVW mode showed genetic liability to OSA was found to be significantly associated with a higher ALS risk (OR, 1.220; 95% confidence interval, 1.031–1.443; p = 0.021). No evidence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were suggested.

Conclusion

We found potential evidence for a causal effect of OSA on an increased risk of ALS.
Effects of social housing on alcohol intake in mice depend on the non-social environment
Authors: Johnson Michael C. , Zweig Jonathan A. , Zhang Yangmiao , Ryabinin Andrey E.
Published: May 2024

Background

Excessive alcohol consumption leads to serious health problems. Mechanisms regulating the consumption of alcohol are insufficiently understood. Previous preclinical studies suggested that non-social environmental and social environmental complexities can regulate alcohol consumption in opposite directions. However, previous studies did not include all conditions and/or did not include female rodents. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of social versus single housing in standard versus non-standard housing conditions in male and female mice.

Methods

Adult C57BL/6 J mice were housed in either standard shoebox cages or in automated Herdsman 2 (HM2) cages and exposed to a two-bottle choice procedure with 3% or 6% ethanol versus water for 5 days. The HM2 cages use radiotracking devices to measure the fluid consumption of individual mice in an undisturbed and automated manner. In both housing conditions, mice were housed either at one or at four per cage.

Results

In standard cages, group housing of animals decreased alcohol consumption and water consumption. In HM2 cages, group housing significantly increased ethanol preference and decreased water intake. There were no significant differences in these effects between male and female animals. These observations were similar for 3 and 6% ethanol solutions but were more pronounced for the latter. The effects of social environment on ethanol preference in HM2 cages were accompanied by an increase in the number of approaches to the ethanol solution and a decrease in the number of approaches to water. The differences in ethanol intake could not be explained by differences in locomotor or exploratory activity as socially housed mice showed fewer non-consummatory visits to the ethanol solutions than single-housed animals. In addition, we observed that significant changes in behaviors measuring the approach to the fluid were not always accompanied by significant changes in fluid consumption, and vice versa, suggesting that it is important to assess both measures of motivation to consume alcohol.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that the direction of the effects of social environment on alcohol intake in mice depends on the non-social housing environment. Understanding mechanisms by which social and non-social housing conditions modulate alcohol intake could suggest approaches to counteract environmental factors enhancing hazardous alcohol consumption.