bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribuição de Conteúdo via Conexão 5G Híbrida Terrestre/Satélite
Authors: Rezende Tibério , D'Ávila Victor , Costa Karine , Alberti Antônio
Published: September 2020

Esse trabalho propõem uma arquitetura híbrida 5G terrestre/satélite para a distribuição de conteúdos com cache de rede. O artigo apresenta as tecnologias selecionadas, suas configurações em ambiente real, análise de desempenho e lições aprendidas. Para o ambiente experimental, foram utilizados Modems 5G do Inatel e satélite SES-14 com modem COMTECH CDM-760. Os resultados mostram que o uso de cache traz grande benefício a distribuição de conteúdos em 5G híbrido terrestre/satélite.
Auxílio à Decisão no Diagnóstico do Transtorno do Espectro Autista com M-Health
Authors: Artoni Arthur , Oliveira Bruno , De Barbosa Cinthyan   Sachs
Published: September 2020

O diagnóstico do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um desafio para profissionais da área médica. O TEA, uma patologia muito comum e incurável, afeta a parte comportamental, social e de comunicação do indivíduo, porém seu diagnóstico é muito difícil e feito apenas por análises comportamentais. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta m-health que utiliza aprendizado de máquina para auxílio no diagnóstico do TEA. Para isso foram utilizadas bases de dados contendo resultados da aplicação do teste AQ-10 e outras características que poderiam influenciar o diagnóstico do TEA. Algoritmos de classificação foram aplicados para gerar um modelo preditivo, com o uso da SVM Linear foram obtidos até 100% de precisão.
Um Estudo Exploratório dos Fatores de Adoção dos Ecossistemas de Software em Nuvem
Authors: Rodrigues Emanuel , Alcantara Antonilson , Coelho Filipe , Souza Cleidson
Published: September 2020

Nos últimos anos, um número crescente de empresas de software tem adotado estratégias para atrair desenvolvedores externos para suas plataformas. Essas empresas tornam suas plataformas mais flexíveis e atraentes, de modo que tal flexibilização proporciona o surgimento dos chamados ecossistemas de software. Devido ao crescente mercado para a cloud, as plataformas tornaram-se particularmente interessantes para estas empresas. Este artigo tem o objetivo de entender os critérios utilizados pelos desenvolvedores de aplicações para cloud a adotar uma determinada plataforma. Isto é feito através da análise de diferentes que influenciam os desenvolvedores a escolher uma determinada plataforma para cloud através de um estudo qualitativo realizado baseado em 16 entrevistas semiestruturadas com desenvolvedores em cloud. A análise dos dados revelou o importante e complexo papel dos fatores técnicos, sociais, individuais e de negócios para adoção e rejeição de uma determinada plataforma para cloud pelos desenvolvedores de software.
Mice Tracking Using The YOLO Algorithm
Authors: De Menezes Richardson Santiago Teles , Luiz John Victor Alves , Henrique-Alves Aron Miranda , Santa Cruz Rossana Moreno , Maia Helton
Published: September 2020

The computational tool developed in this study is based on convolutional neural networks and the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm for detecting and tracking mice in videos recorded during behavioral neuroscience experiments. We analyzed a set of data composed of 13622 images, made up of behavioral videos of three important researches in this area. The training set used 50% of the images, 25% for validation, and 25% for the tests. The results show that the mean Average Precision (mAP) reached by the developed system was 90.79% and 90.75% for the Full and Tiny versions of YOLO, respectively. Considering the high accuracy of the results, the developed work allows the experimentalists to perform mice tracking in a reliable and non-evasive way.
O Organizar de Práticas Cooperativas no Contexto de um Ambiente de Estágio em Desenvolvimento de Software
Authors: Miranda Ariádna , Araújo Allysson Allex , Coutinho Emanuel , Souza Jerffeson
Published: September 2020

Soft skills are not trivial to be taught, although they are preponderant to be improved during the academic experience of future software engineers. Understanding how such skills are perceived and practiced during the supervised internship poses to be relevant, given the opportunity for students to enhance their skills. Grounded on the Practice Theory, we investigate how the organization of soft skills occurs as a bundle of cooperative practices in the context of the (Ommited due Blind Review) internship environment. We highlight as contributions i) the proposition of a conceptual model for investigating cooperative practices; ii) the analytical contrast between doings and sayings and iii) the empirical reflection for students on the role of soft skills.
Uma ferramenta para recomendação de visualização de dados governamentais abertos
Authors: Macedo Daiane , Barcelos Raissa , Bernardini Flavia , Viterbo José
Published: September 2020

A proposta deste trabalho e apresentar uma ferramenta web para recomendação de visualizações, dado um conjunto de dados abertos. Para sua construção, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre construção e recomendação de visualizações; além da análise de ferramentas que possuem proposito similar à ferramenta aqui desenvolvida. Com base na literatura e nas ferramentas relacionadas, modelamos os processos de entrada e transformação dos dados, assim como o processo de decisão do tipo de visualização a ser sugerido. Nos cenários concebidos de uso, observamos as seguintes vantagens da ferramenta desenvolvida: facilidade na criação de visualizações, melhoria da interpretabilidade e contribuição para a democratização da análise de dados.
Uso de Aprendizado de Máquina para Categorização Automática de Conjuntos de Dados de Portais de Dados Abertos
Authors: Rangel Mateus , Bernardini Flavia , Viterbo José , Monteiro Rodrigo , Seixas Elaine , Pinto Higor Dos Santos
Published: September 2020

Para disponibilizar seus dados para a sociedade, governos de cidades ao redor do mundo estão usando portais de dados abertos. Na maioria dos portais, os conjuntos de dados estão distribuídos por diversas categorias que representam os tópicos abordados pelo portal. Nesse contexto, oferecer mecanismos para auxiliar a categorização dos conjuntos de dados se torna importante, para facilitar o trabalho de um administrador de portais de dados abertos. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma analise experimental para a categorização automática de conjuntos de dados de portais de dados abertos utilizando aprendizado de máquina supervisionado. Utilizamos o nome do conjunto de dados e os seus atributos de arquivos anexados para a inferência de sua categoria. Para processamento de textos, usamos técnicas de processamento de linguagem natural.
Governança Inteligente com Análise e Integração de Dados: Uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura
Authors: Soares Glauco De Vasconcelos , De Medeiros Filho Fernando Erico
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura com o objetivo de identificar como a integração e análise de dados ajudam a melhorar a governança em ambientes urbanos. O estudo selecionou e analisou de forma sistemática quinze artigos publicados entre os anos de 2017 e 2019. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam lacunas relacionadas a dados abertos, como a inexistência de um vocabulário comum para os dados e a falta de qualidade dos dados disponibilizados, dificultando a integração de dados para dar suporte a tomada de decisão.
Failure Analysis in University and Computer Science Contexts With Data Mining
Authors: Gomes Daniela De Souza , Ribeiro Marcos Henrique Fonseca , Comarela Giovanni Ventorim , Pereira Gabriel Philippe
Published: September 2020

High failure rates are a worrying and relevant problem in Brazilian universities. From a data set of student transcripts, we performed a study case for both general and Computer Science contexts, in which Data Mining Techniques were used to find patterns concerning failures. The knowledge acquired can be used for better educational administration and also build intelligent systems to support students’ decision making.
Minerv@s Digitais: encorajando e acolhendo mulheres na computação
Authors: Galeno Larissa M. da F. , Lucena Maria Eduarda H. , Lima Tainá Da S. , Campos Maria Luiza M.
Published: September 2020

A computação, da forma que se conhece hoje, foi desenvolvida também por mulheres: Ada Lovelace, Dorothy Vaughan e Margaret Hamilton são somente alguns dos nomes que ficaram marcados na história. Contudo o que é visto atualmente é o afastamento de profissionais do sexo feminino da área. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o Minerv@s Digitais, um projeto de extensão na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, composto por alunos de cursos científicos-tecnológicos, cujo propósito é diminuir esse afastamento, especialmente na área da computação. O projeto atuou com iniciativas nos últimos dois anos, como a hackathon Minerv@ Jam e o evento Jornad@s. Já para 2020, com a experiência que os alunos obtiveram, o grupo tem planos de alcançar públicos ainda maiores.
Robótica e Interdisciplinaridade: Aprendizagem Criativa Atraindo Meninas para a Tecnologia
Authors: Santos Christiane Borges , Oliveira Filho Audir  Da Costa
Published: September 2020

Este artigo descreve o projeto de ensino de robótica e aprendizagem criativa em uma metodologia interdisciplinar. As estudantes aplicam o conhecimento adquirido nas aulas do ensino médio no laboratório de robótica utilizando a metodologia STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, the Arts and Mathematics), como pontos de acesso para orientar a investigação, o diálogo e o pensamento crítico. O principal objetivo do projeto é mostrar que as meninas podem atuar em diferentes áreas do conhecimento, incluindo as áreas STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics).
A influência das brincadeiras no desenvolvimento do Pensamento Computacional
Authors: Ferreira Tamara Cristina , De Freitas Joslaine Cristina  J. , Ribeiro Marcos Wagner De Souza
Published: September 2020

Durante a infância, as crianças sofrem influências do meio e, as atividades lúdicas, muitas vezes reforçam essa influência, com esteriótipos de papéis femininos e masculinos. Se alguns brinquedos reforçam estereótipos de gênero, este pode auxiliar na escolha da área da atuação? Este trabalho, configura-se no desenvolvimento de um questionário, aplicado a discentes de áreas do conhecimento distintas, com o objetivo de responder a questão supracitada, bem como sua relação com o desenvolvimento de habilidades inerentes ao Pensamento Computacional.
Ações Iniciais do Projeto de Extensão Garotas Tech dos Sertões de Crateús para Captação e Retenção de Meninas aos Cursos de TI da UFC-Crateús
Authors: Andrade Lisieux Marie Marinho dos S. , Santos Simone De Oliveira , Gomes Maria Rodrigues , Rodrigues Agatha Alves Martins , De Miranda Ariadna Carreiro , Torres Lucas Lima Sousa , Barbosa Claudia Sousa
Published: September 2020

O Grupo de Extensão Garotas Tech dos Sertões de Crateús tem por objetivo incentivar estudantes universitárias da Universidade Federal do Ceará- Campus Crateús, de escolas públicas ou privadas, do ensino médio ou profissionalizante, e das comunidades carentes a se aproximarem da área de Tecnologia da Informação. Para isso, em seu primeiro ano de atuação, promoveu práticas de caráter motivacional e informativa, visando melhorar a retenção das alunas do Campus e a formação de uma unidade de grupo. Ao público externo um estudo preliminar do perfil dos estudantes do ensino médio foi realizado por meio de questionário diagnóstico, tendo a participação de 291 alunos. Os resultados coletados revelam a necessidade da aproximação da universidade às escolas da região, e uma boa integração das estudantes da instituição.
Chica bytes: Uma oficina de Introdução a Computação no Curso de Bacharelado Interdisciplinar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
Authors: Silva Lucas Almeida , Rocha Queilane Da Conceição , Oliveira Amanda Vilas Boas , Dos Santos Yasmin  Solrac Ribeiro , Santos Felipe  De Melo , Da Silva Guilherme  Gonçalves , Machado Érica   Pereira
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiencia de uma oficina deIntrodução a Computação para calouras do curso de Bacharelado Interdisciplinar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, objetivando suavizar os primeiros contatos com a área e problematizar o papel da Mulher em Ciência e Tecnologia. A oficina teve 3 encontros de 4 horas cada, totalizando 12 horas.
Criação de representações usando e-lixo para homenagear mulheres da Computação
Authors: Cruz Matheus Mattos de Almeida , Bim Sílvia Amélia , Battezzati Ligia  Cristina , Santos Mateus , Berardi Rita C. G. , Paiva Valissa
Published: September 2020

A redução do número de mulheres atuando na área de Computação é uma preocupação mundial. Ações de diversas naturezas realizadas por inúmeras iniciativas buscam reverter o cenário divulgando diferentes aspectos da Computação para motivar meninas e mulheres a escolherem a área como profissão. Neste artigo, é compartilhada a experiência de uma oficina realizada na disciplina de Arte do primeiro ano do ensino médio do Instituto Federal do Paraná. A proposta da oficina foi levar a discussão de gênero em Computação através de uma atividade criativa com lixo eletrônico.
El@s programam para el@s: desenvolvimento de um app como uma ferramenta de defesa a mais para as mulheres
Authors: De Freitas Rosiane , Souza Bruna Mariana , Magalhães Juliana , Conceição Júlia Luiza
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho aborda uma ação multidisciplinar de parceria entre computação e direitos digitais e das mulheres, envolvendo a OAB-AM e a UFAM, através do projeto Cunhantã Digital, para o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo para telefone celular gratuito e de fácil uso, para ser mais uma forma de defesa para as mulheres em situação de possível perigo ou mesmo em perigo real. O app SOS El@s envia mensagem de SMS e outras informações a contatos de confiança, bem como abre chamada para a polícia automaticamente, isto apenas usando botões externos do aparelho de celular. Foi formada uma equipe mista de desenvolvedores, com ênfase na participação de mulheres mas contando com alunos homens também, de 03 cursos de graduação em Computação da UFAM. A empreitada foi desafiadora em vários aspectos, mas bem sucedida e o aplicativo na versão Beta está disponível para uso.
Uma Análise Cienciométrica das Publicações do Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Computação na Perspectiva das Mulheres na Computação
Authors: Santana Thalia S. , Braga Adriano H.
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho realiza um estudo acerca da presença feminina nas produções científicas dos eventos do Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira da Computação (CSBC), o qual é considerado uma das conferências de maior relevância em computação no país. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de técnicas de Web Scraping, entre os anos de 2017 a 2019, mediante a criação de uma base de dados para investigações quanto ao panorama das mulheres na computação, fazendo uso de análises cienciométricas na caracterização da diversidade de gênero na pesquisa em ciência da computação (CSR – em inglês, computer science research).
Modelo Estocástico para Avaliação de Disponibilidade de Hospitais Inteligentes
Authors: Rodrigues Laécio , Gonçalves Igor , Fé Iure , Endo Patrícia , Silva Francisco Airton
Published: September 2020

Smart hospitals need local and remote servers to efficiently process and store data. However, there is a significant difficulty in assessing the availability of such systems in real contexts, because failures are not tolerated and the cost of prototyping is high. This paper adopts Stochastic Petri Nets (SPNs) to assess the availability of an smart hospital system, avoiding premature investment in real equipment. In addition, this work presents a sensitivity analysis that identifies the most critical architecture components. The proposed model has the potential to assist hospital systems administrators in planning more optimized architectures according to their needs.
Operações vetoriais aplicadas em uma Biblioteca de Algoritmos Bio-inspirados
Authors: Lucca Natiele , Schepke Claudio
Published: September 2020

A resolução de um problema pode não ser alcançada de forma exata, devido a complexidade dada por um número elevado de variáveis e/ou soluções potenciais. Uma estratégia para modelar esses problemas é utilizar conceitos de computação natural, também conhecida como computação bio-inspirada. Para acelerar a execução de uma aplicação desse tipo, neste trabalho é aplicada a concorrência das instruções entre as unidades vetoriais na biblioteca bio-inspirada desenvolvida pelos autores, diminuindo o tempo de execução e auxiliando os outros desenvolvedores. Com os resultados dos testes, comprovou-se que a versão com instruções concorrentes dos algoritmos desenvolvidos mantém a qualidade da solução e reduz o tempo de execução.
Peer Counseling mit (langzeit-)arbeitslosen Menschen
Authors: Schweers Angela , Teske Jana , Großhaus Eric
Published: September 2020

Im AWO Bezirksverband Potsdam e.V. wird in einem innovativen ESF-geförderten Projekt das Konzept des Peer Counseling auf eine neue Zielgruppe übertragen: Menschen mit (Langzeit-) Arbeitslosigkeitserfahrung. Hierzu werden ehemals (langzeit-) arbeitslose Menschen als Berater*innen im Sinne des Peer Counseling qualifiziert und als solche sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt.
Copyright Disclaimers in Fan Media: Cultural Practice and Legal Relevance
Authors: Kempfert Kamila , Reißmann Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

Disclaimers are used in diverse contexts of popular culture and for a wide range of purposes. With digitisation in general and the rise of participatory fan culture in particular, copyright disclaimers have become a familiar and common means of communication. In this paper, we define them as paratextual media of cooperation. The practice of disclaiming seeks to establish mutually accepted conditions for publishing works that owe their existence to different stakeholders. Embedded in empirical legal studies, our paper is based on our own empirical research and a thorough legal assessment of findings through the lens of German copyright law. Our qualitative study on disclaimers in fan fiction highlights a distinction between “vertical” forms of disclaimer usage addressing the copyright holders and creators of a reference work, and “horizontal” forms directed to either the potential readers or other fan fiction authors. While in general fan-made disclaimers are of no significant relevance from the perspective of German law, a closer look reveals a stronger impact in cases where creators and copyright holders publicly articulate attitudes towards fan production and/or set specific conditions. Beyond the law, as a practice, disclaiming is part of the nexus of informal rules and community ethics which guide users’ actions.
Der free flow of information im Wandel des digitalen Zeitalters: Eine Bestandsaufnahme der internetbezogenen Rechtsprechung des EGMR zu Art. 10 EMRK
Authors: Brings-Wiesen Tobias , Damberg-Jänsch Alicia
Published: September 2020

Die signifikanten Veränderungen im menschlichen Kommunikations- und Informationsprozess durch das Internet haben in den vergangenen Jahren graduell Ausdruck in Recht und Rechtsprechung gefunden. Der folgende Beitrag analysiert, wie der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte seine über Jahrzehnte etablierte Rechtsprechung zu Art. 10 der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention unter klar zum Ausdruck kommender Berücksichtigung der Spezifika des neuen Mediums bestätigt und behutsam fortentwickelt hat sowie zu welchen Themen angesichts der „Communicated Cases“ in (naher) Zukunft Judikate zu erwarten sind. Dabei werden drei Analysefelder fokussiert: Stellenwert und Wirkkraft des Mediums an sich - Rolle, Funktion und Arbeitsweise von (neuen) Akteuren im digitalen Kommunikations- und Informationsprozess - Entwicklungen des Kommunikationsmodus. In Anerkennung der Wechselwirkungen innerhalb des europäischen Grundrechtsverbunds werden darüber hinaus Querbezüge zu verwandten Diskussionen auf nationaler und EU-Ebene hergestellt.
Social Media and Its Effects on Beauty
Authors: Henriques Mavis , Patnaik Debasis
Published: September 2020

Beauty is concerned with physical and mental health as both are intimately related. Short-term decisions to alter one’s body structure irrespective of genetic, environmental, occupational and nutritional needs can leave medium- and long-term effects. This chapter analyzes the role of social media and its effects on the standards of beauty. The researchers have summarized the literature on how social media plays a role in affecting beauty trends, body image and self-esteem concerns. There is support that social media affects individuals negatively, in pushing them to engage in life threatening beauty trends due to social compliance and acceptance in society. The aim was to review social networking sites’ impact on perception of standards of beauty and newer unrealistic trends gaining popularity that could alter opinions and also cause harm to individuals in the long run. This is an emerging area of research that is of high importance to the physical and mental health in the beauty, health and hospitality industry with the latter being manifested in depression, anxiety and fear of non-acceptability and being seen as a social gauche.
Adapting Cereal Grain Crops to Drought Stress: 2020 and Beyond
Authors: Zenda Tinashe , Liu Songtao , Duan Huijun
Published: September 2020

Among other environmental instabilities, drought stress is the primary limitation to cereal crops growth, development and productivity. In the context of continuing global climate change, breeding of drought resistant crop cultivars is the most economical, effective and sustainable strategy for adapting the crop production system and ensuring food security for the growing human population. Additionally, there is need for improving management practices. Whereas conventional breeding has sustained crop productivity gains in the past century, modern technological advancements have revolutionized our identification of important drought tolerance genes and underlying mechanisms, and accelerated new cultivar development. Large-scale high throughput sequencing, phenotyping, ‘omics’ and systems biology, as well as marker assisted and quantitative trait loci mapping based breeding approaches have offered significant insights into crop drought stress tolerance and provided some new tools for crop improvement. Despite this significant progress in elucidating the mechanisms underlying drought tolerance, considerable challenges remain and our understanding of the crop drought tolerance mechanisms is still abstract. In this chapter, therefore, we highlight current progress in the identification of drought tolerance genes and underlying mechanisms, as well as their practical applications. We then offer a holistic approach for cereal crops adaptation to future climate change exacerbated drought stress.
INFLUENCE OF CARIES AND ORAL HEALTH STATUS ON THE PREVALENCE OF DENTAL EROSION IN 7–14-YEAR-OLD-CHILDREN IN TURKEY
Authors: KAPTAN Arife , KORKMAZ Elif
Published: September 2020

Aim: To determine the prevalence of erosion of schoolchildren, and to reveal the relationship between the dental caries, gingival health statuses, dental plaque levels and dental erosion.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on a representative sample of 473 children (aged 7─14 years). The O’Sullivan, Decayed-Missing-Filled (DMF), Plaque, and Gingival indices were used during the examination of the children. The values were evaluated using chi-square test, Tukey’s test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: Dental erosion was observed in 21.8% of the children. Lesions were mostly observed in the enamel but less than a half of the buccal surface was affected. Erosion was found to be statistically higher in older children (p=0.001). There was no statistically significant relationship between the children’s sexes and erosion (p=0.157). A higher level of erosion was observed in children with high DMFT and DMFS values and low dft and dfs values (p<0.05); children with dental erosion had higher plaque and gingival indices (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Though limited to the enamel, the prevalence of erosion was high and was associated with age, dental caries, dental plaque, and gingival inflammation.
The groundwater monitoring system in Tuscany according to the EU Directive 2000/60 and the groundwater As contamination in the Versilia coastal plain
Authors: Franceschini Fabrizio
Published: September 2020

The EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC commits European Union Member States to achieve good qualitative and quantitative status for all water bodies. Its application requires periodic monitoring of selected water bodies. Concerning groundwater bodies, the Tuscany Region selected monitoring wells for periodic sampling and performing chemical analyses. Results of these analyses are used to assess the qualitative status according to the EU Directive. In some cases, this groundwater monitoring can highlight some water pollution, hence activating more detailed investigations. In this work, we present the case of high arsenic concentrations in groundwater, reaching about 1000 μg/L, from domestic wells located in southern Versilia (Tuscany, Italy), close by the Baccatoio stream which receives acidic waters from a former mining site. Initially, the arsenic has been related to acid mine drainage from the nearby sites in the Baccatoio Valley. As-rich pyrite weathering was supposed to be the primary source for As in groundwater despite the Baccatoio stream is As-free. Although the evaluation of the amount of pyrite in sediments needs further investigations, alternative hypothesis were formulated. The highest As concentration is often accompained by high amounts of iron and ammonium ions reflecting reducing environments. This suggests the occurrence of secondary As-sources such as ferric oxyhydroxide and organic matter, likely in peat layers, undergoing reductive dissolution. The aim of this work is to carry out a preliminary assessment of the origin of the As contamination in groundwater of the Versilia coastal plain.
Modelling tools for quantitative evaluations on the Versilia coastal aquifer system (Tuscany, Italy) in terms of groundwater components and possible effects of climate extreme events
Authors: Menichini Matia , Doveri Marco
Published: September 2020

The Versilia coastal plain hosts an important and strategic aquifer for water supply. Like all coastal aquifers, it is particularly vulnerable to the saltwater intrusion, which can be amplified not only by fresh water over-exploitation, but also by the effects of climate change, including the increase of extreme events. For an optimal management of this precious resource and for its protection both in quantitative and qualitative terms, an adequate knowledge of the aquifer system is necessary through the development of conceptual and mathematical hydrogeological models. The conceptual hydrogeological model was defined on the base of an integrated multidisciplinary approach with the elaboration of stratigraphic, hydrogeological and geochemical-isotopic data. Subsequently, groundwater flow mathematical models were created using the ModFlow code and Groundwater Vistas like graphical interface, subsequently transferred to the Freewat open platform. The models enabled acquiring further knowledge about this aquifer system and to identify and, where possible to quantify, the main processes and groundwater components involved, including the seawater ingression. An important groundwater component, both in terms of water quantity and quality,resulted widespread in the fan of the Versilia River and mainly fed by the river itself in the foothill zone. Although this component seems to be able to guarantee relative protection against marine ingression, in the summer season some piezometric depressions tied to groundwater exploitation tend to expand and move towards the coast, thus favouring the seawater intrusion process. These issues can be amplified by the extreme rainy events that frequently occur in the Apuan Alps region. The huge quantity of water that quickly flows by the river up to the sea during extreme events represents a lack of feeding respect to the aquifer, and consequently the mitigation role of the fan component towards seawater intrusion can be significantly weakened. Thanks to the water budget achieved by numerical model and considering real extreme events recently occurred in the Apuan-Versilian region it was possible to make considerations about possible effects these climate regimes on the aquifer system. As outcomes, we concluded that extreme events as those occurred in the area in the past, and awaited more frequently in the future, represent a concrete threat for the coastal aquifer system that over next decades could suffer more and more seawater intrusion. Given the reliance of local human activities on groundwater, far-sighted actions of water management (e.g. managed aquifer recharge) are recommended for mitigating such as climate effects.
Soft-Tissue Nail Fold Arc Resection Combined with a Shaped Dressing for Ingrown Toenails
Authors: Hu Pan , Hu Yanhong
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the surgical method of arc resection of soft-tissue nail fold combined with a shaped dressing for ingrown toenails. The surgical method involved the excision of nail fold granulation tissue and partial or total nail avulsion with preservation of its matrix. This surgical approach was applied to 20 consecutive patients (age range, 11–30 years) admitted to the hospital from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2015. For assessment of the method, the operative technique, dressing change, and postoperative wound healing were recorded by photography. Finally, we evaluated the therapeutic effects by calculating the recurrence rate and nail groove expansion rate. Twenty patients with 38 surgical sites in 26 toes were analyzed; there was no recurrence at 3, 6, and 12 months. There was a statistically significant difference in the groove expansion rate at different time points. We measured the wound distance on postoperative day 1 compared with the day of healing and found that the method of shaped dressing could expand the nail groove by more than 50% (P ≤ .05). The mean ± SD recovery time was 15.1 ± 2.4 days. Arc resection of the nail folds for ingrown toenails coupled with preservation of its matrix minimizes trauma and is easy to manipulate. Applying a shaped dressing after the operation further reduces the risk of recurrence and ensures enough growth space for the toenails.
The Two-Component Implant for Interphalangeal Fusion in Toe Deformities
Authors: Şahin Adem , Uygur Esat , Eceviz Engin
Published: September 2020

Background

Although Kirschner wire implantation is popular for treating toe deformities, complications frequently occur. To prevent pin-tract infection and difficult Kirschner wire extraction, several implants have been developed to improve treatment outcomes.

Methods

Patients who had undergone an interphalangeal fusion by two-component implant for the treatment of toe deformities were included. Thirty-one toes of 21 patients were evaluated retrospectively. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot scores were used in clinical evaluation.

Results

The mean operation duration per toe was 16.4 min (range, 13–26 min). The average AOFAS forefoot score was 42.76 (range, 23–57) preoperatively and 88.76 (range, 70–95) at 34.4 months (range, 26–46 months) after surgery. Mean follow-up was 14.8 months (range, 12–19 months). Compared with before surgery, the AOFAS score was increased significantly after surgery (P = .03 by t test). Three minor complications were encountered. In one patient an infection was observed. After the implants were removed (first month) she was treated successfully by debridement and antibiotic agents and, finally, Kirschner wire placement. The second patient had a fissure fracture at the proximal phalanx, but routine follow-up did not change. In the third patient, the locking mechanism had become loose (detected on day 1 radiography); it was remounted under fluoroscopy without opening the wound. No patients had a cutout, loss of alignment, recurrence, or persistent swelling.

Conclusions

Outcomes of arthrodesis using the two-component implant were found to be safe and reliable, especially for hammer toe and fifth toe deformities.
Hans von Baeyer (1875–1941) and his 1909 Insole with Metatarsal Padding for Treating Metatarsalgia
Authors: Freeman Brian
Published: September 2020

This English translation of the 1909 letter by the internationally recognized orthopedic surgeon Hans von Baeyer fills a gap in our knowledge of the history of the practical treatment of metatarsalgia.
A strength-oriented exercise session required more recovery time than a power-oriented exercise session with equal work
Authors: Helland Christian , Midttun Magnus , Saeland Fredrik , Haugvad Lars , Schäfer Olstad Daniela , Solberg Paul Andre , Paulsen Gøran
Published: September 2020

The present randomized cross-over controlled study aimed to compare the rate of recovery from a strength-oriented exercise session vs. a power-oriented session with equal work. Sixteen strength-trained individuals conducted one strength-oriented session (five repetitions maximum (RM)) and one power-oriented session (50% of 5RM) in randomized order. Squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-m sprint, and squat and bench press peak power and estimated 1RMs were combined with measures of rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived recovery status (PRS), before, immediately after and 24 and 48 h after exercise. Both sessions induced trivial to moderate performance decrements in all variables. Small reductions in CMJ height were observed immediately after both the strength-oriented session (7 ± 6%) and power-oriented session (5 ± 5%). Between 24 and 48 h after both sessions CMJ and SJ heights and 20 m sprint were back to baseline. However, in contrast to the power-oriented session, recovery was not complete 48 h after the strength-oriented session, as indicated by greater impairments in CMJ eccentric and concentric peak forces, SJ rate of force development (RFD) and squat peak power. In agreement with the objective performance measurements, RPE and PRS ratings demonstrated that the strength-oriented session was experienced more strenuous than the power-oriented session. However, these subjective measurements agreed poorly with performance measurements at the individual level. In conclusion, we observed a larger degree of neuromuscular impairment and longer recovery times after a strength-oriented session than after a power-oriented session with equal total work, measured by both objective and subjective assessments. Nonetheless, most differences were small or trivial after either session. It appears necessary to combine several tests and within-test analyses (e.g., CMJ height, power and force) to reveal such differences. Objective and subjective assessments of fatigue and recovery cannot be used interchangeably; rather they should be combined to give a meaningful status for an individual in the days after a resistance exercise session.
Forest structure dependency analysis of L-band SAR backscatter
Authors: Ji Yongjie , Huang Jimao , Ju Yilin , Guo Shipeng , Yue Cairong
Published: September 2020

Forest structure plays an important role in forest biomass inversion using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors with long-wavelength have the potentiality to provide reliable and timely forest biomass inversion for their ability of deep penetration into the forest. L-band SAR backscatter shows useful for forest above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation. However, the way that forest structure mediating the biomass-backscatter affects the improvement of the related biomass estimation accuracy. In this paper, we have investigated L-band SAR backscatter sensitivity to forests with different mean canopy density, mean tree height and mean DBH (diameter at breast height) at the sub-compartment level. The forest species effects on their relationship were also considered in this study. The linear correlation coefficient R, non-linear correlation parameter, Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC), and the determination coefficient R2 from linear function, Logarithmic function and Quadratic function were used in this study to analyze forest structural properties effects on L-band SAR backscatter. The HV channel, which is more sensitive than HH to forest structure parameters, was chosen as the representative of SAR backscatter. 6037 sub-compartment were involved in the analysis. Canopy density showed a great influence on L-band backscatter than mean forest height and DBH. All of the R between canopy density and L-band backscatter were greater than 0.7 during the forest growth cycle. The sensitivity of L-band backscatter to mean forest height depends on forest canopy density. When canopy density was lower than 0.4, R values between mean forest height are smaller than 0.5. In contrast, the values of R were greater than 0.8 if canopy density was higher than 0.4. The sensitivity SAR backscatter to DBH fluctuated with canopy density, but it only showed obvious sensitivity when canopy density equals to 0.6, where both the linear and non-liner correlation values are higher than others. However, their effects on L-bang HV backscatter are affected by forest species, the effects on three forest structural parameters depend on tree species.
Identification of areas of very high biodiversity value to achieve the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 key commitments
Authors: Miu Iulia V. , Rozylowicz Laurentiu , Popescu Viorel D. , Anastasiu Paulina
Published: September 2020

Background

The European Union strives to increase protected areas of the EU terrestrial surface to 30% by year 2030, of which one third should be strictly protected. Designation of the Natura 2000 network, the backbone of nature protection in the EU, was mostly an expert-opinion process with little systematic conservation planning. The designation of the Natura 2000 network in Romania followed the same non-systematic approach, resulting in a suboptimal representation of invertebrates and plants. To help identify areas with very high biodiversity without repeating past planning missteps, we present a reproducible example of spatial prioritization using Romania’s current terrestrial Natura 2000 network and coarse-scale terrestrial species occurrence.

Methods

We used 371 terrestrial Natura 2000 Sites of Community Importance (Natura 2000 SCI), designated to protect 164 terrestrial species listed under Annex II of Habitats Directive in Romania in our spatial prioritization analyses (marine Natura 2000 sites and species were excluded). Species occurrences in terrestrial Natura 2000 sites were aggregated at a Universal Traverse Mercator spatial resolution of 1 km2. To identify priority terrestrial Natura 2000 sites for species conservation, and to explore if the Romanian Natura 2000 network sufficiently represents species included in Annex II of Habitats Directive, we used Zonation v4, a decision support software tool for spatial conservation planning. We carried out the analyses nationwide (all Natura 2000 sites) as well as separately for each biogeographic region (i.e., Alpine, Continental, Pannonian, Steppic and Black Sea).

Results

The results of spatial prioritization of terrestrial Natura 2000 vary greatly by planning scenario. The performance of national-level planning of top priorities is minimal. On average, when 33% of the landscape of Natura 2000 sites is protected, only 20% of the distribution of species listed in Annex II of Habitats Directive are protected. As a consequence, the representation of species by priority terrestrial Natura 2000 sites is lessened when compared to the initial set of species. When planning by taxonomic group, the top-priority areas include only 10% of invertebrate distribution in Natura 2000. When selecting top-priority areas by biogeographical region, there are significantly fewer gap species than in the national level and by taxa scenarios; thusly, the scenario outperforms the national-level prioritization. The designation of strictly protected areas as required by the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 should be followed by setting clear objectives, including a good representation of species and habitats at the biogeographical region level.
Range extensions for the hidden-ear frog (Cyclorana cryptotis) and Main’s frog (Cyclorana maini) in the Davenport Murchison Ranges bioregion, Northern Territory
Authors: Clancy Matthew J. , Littlefair Etienne L.
Published: September 2020

Anurans inhabiting Australia’s semi-arid and arid zones display eruptive breeding patterns. They emerge in large numbers to reproduce after significant rainfall before burrowing deep underground, where they remain concealed for extensive periods until favourable conditions return. This cryptic life history hinders documentation of the natural history and ecology of arid adapted amphibians of Australia. Fundamental information for some species such as geographic distribution thus remains uncertain. Here, we report range extensions for two species of Cyclorana. Cyclorana are a genus of 14 burrowing frog species that occupy arid, semi-arid and monsoonal regions of Australia. We document a 188 km southerly range extension of Cyclorana cryptotis, and an 88 km northerly extension for Cyclorana maini; both within the Davenport Murchison Ranges bioregion of the Northern Territory. Our observation of C. cryptotis is significant as it is the first record of the species in the Davenport Murchison Ranges bioregion.
The dingo dilemma: a brief history of debate
Authors: Dickman C. R. , Newsome T. M. , van Eeden L. M.
Published: September 2020

Ancestral dingoes arrived in Australia at some time, or times, during the Holocene, heralding a period of long and uneasy coexistence with the human inhabitants of the continent. For the first Australians, dingoes became a valued and integral part of the culture but also exacted diverse social and economic costs. For early Europeans and later arrivals, dingoes were alternately revered for their strength and intelligence or feared and reviled for their attacks on livestock. These disparate views have scarcely changed in 232 years; if anything, the schism in perspectives about the dingo has widened as more has been discovered about this divisive and still enigmatic animal. Here, we show that current arguments about the dingo have deep origins by tracing the history of debate about the taxon’s name, when dingoes arrived in Australia, whether they are native or introduced, the early effects of dingoes on native fauna, and their current impacts as a ‘biodiversity regulator’ and destroyer of livestock. We suggest that some debates concerning the dingo will be resolved when more evidence is gained or new discoveries are made, whereas other debates will progress only when proponents and protagonists are able to agree on a research agenda and on thresholds for interpretation of the results that the agenda produces. Such new evidence, and new collaborative thinking, should provide a more robust underpinning for when, where and how dingoes are conserved and managed in future.
An Empirical Study of Tourist’s Perception towards Kashmir Valley
Authors: Dar Sareer Ahmad , Dar Javid Gani , Bhat Aamir Hassan , Jan Farwa , Shah Jahangir Ahmad , Amin Mehbooba
Published: September 2020

The study focussed on the empirical examination of, food, beverage, accommodation sectors, cleanliness and hygiene of the destinations to meet the satisfaction of the tourists. Our study confirmed that around 94% of the respondents would like to visit Kashmir again and around 98% of the respondents would recommend this destination (Kashmir) to their friends. Moreover, maximum percentage of the respondents (around 80%), agreed that Indian media is playing negative role regarding the Kashmir issue and more than the same percentage of the respondents (around 82%), agreed that Kashmir is a safer place than anywhere else for visiting. Tourism is the life line of the Kashmir valley and hence all possible efforts need to be undertaken for retaining, maintaining and sustaining it.
Neural Control of Birdsong
Authors: Burke Jessica E , Schmidt Marc F
Published: September 2020

In songbirds, singing is a learned behaviour that displays a remarkable level of acoustic and temporal complexity. It is controlled by a well‐defined neural circuit, known as the song system, which receives highly processed auditory information from specialised higher‐order auditory areas. Over the past decade, sophisticated new song analysis tools coupled with the ability to actively record from and manipulate the activity of specific neural circuits in adult and juvenile singing birds have revealed many fundamental insights into the neural mechanisms that underlie vocal production, song acquisition and the storage of auditory memories. Some of these advances include an understanding of how sleep drives song learning and how circuits homologous to the mammalian basal ganglia generate the motor variability that enables sensorimotor learning. The tractable nature of this system along with its similarities to human speech make birdsong a unique model for understanding the neural bases of vocal production and motor learning.

Key Concepts

Song is a behaviour whose acoustic and temporal features can be precisely quantified and used to track vocal learning.

The song system is a specialised neural circuit that is necessary for song production and sensorimotor learning.

Neurons in the descending motor pathway produce short (approximately 5 ms) bursts of action potentials that are time locked to specific time points in song, forming a sparse code that controls much of the song's acoustic and temporal structure.

The portion of the song system necessary for song production is organised as a recurrent pathway with structures in the thalamus and respiratory brainstem projecting back up to the forebrain.

Juvenile song is initially highly variable. With age, song becomes more stereotyped converging onto a stable ‘crystallised’ song. This form of learning requires both that the bird be exposed to a tutor song and be able to hear himself sing.

Sleep plays an important role in song learning by allowing for offline rehearsal of motor commands both within the motor cortical pathway as well as in the syringeal muscles.

The auditory forebrain processes auditory information necessary for song learning and likely contains the circuits responsible for storing the song template.

Auditory feedback is necessary for song maintenance in adults and experimental manipulation of this feedback induces plasticity of the ‘crystallised’ adult song.

The basal ganglia provide the source of the motor variability that allows for vocal exploration in both juvenile and adult songbirds.

Dopaminergic inputs to the basal ganglia send performance evaluation signals that bias vocal exploration in an adaptive, feedback‐dependent direction. This circuit feature likely extends to other motor behaviours like learning to play a sport or an instrument.