bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing the carbon footprint of general anaesthesia: a comparison of total intravenous anaesthesia vs. a mixed anaesthetic strategy in 47,157 adult patients
Authors: Bernat M. , Boyer A. , Roche M. , Richard C. , Bouvet L. , Remacle A. , Antonini F. , Poirier M. , Pastene B. , Hammad E. , Fond G. , Bruder N. , Leone M. , Zieleskiewicz L.
Published: January 2024

Global warming is a major public health concern. Volatile anaesthetics are greenhouse gases that increase the carbon footprint of healthcare. Modelling studies indicate that total intravenous anaesthesia is less carbon intensive than volatile anaesthesia, with equivalent quality of care. In this observational study, we aimed to apply the findings of previous modelling studies to compare the carbon footprint per general anaesthetic of an exclusive TIVA strategy vs. a mixed TIVA‐volatile strategy. This comparative retrospective study was conducted over 2 years in two French hospitals, one using total intravenous anaesthesia only and one using a mixed strategy including both intravenous and inhalation anaesthetic techniques. Based on pharmacy procurement records, the quantity of anaesthetic sedative drugs was converted to carbon dioxide equivalents. The primary outcome was the difference in carbon footprint of hypnotic drugs per intervention between the two strategies. From 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2022, 25,137 patients received general anaesthesia in the hospital using the total intravenous anaesthesia strategy and 22,020 in the hospital using the mixed strategy. The carbon dioxide equivalent footprint of hypnotic drugs per intervention in the hospital using the total intravenous anaesthesia strategy was 20 times lower than in the hospital using the mixed strategy (emissions of 2.42 kg vs. 48.85 kg carbon dioxide equivalent per intervention, respectively). The total intravenous anaesthesia strategy significantly reduces the carbon footprint of hypnotic drugs in general anaesthesia in adult patients compared with a mixed strategy. Further research is warranted to assess the risk–benefit ratio of the widespread adoption of total intravenous anaesthesia.
Peri‐operative cardiac arrest due to suspected anaphylaxis as reported to the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
Authors: Cook T. M. , Kane A. D. , Armstrong R. A. , Kursumovic E. , Soar J.
Published: January 2024

The 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) of the Royal College of Anaesthetists studied peri‐operative cardiac arrest. Among 59 cases reported as possible anaphylaxis, 33 (56%) were judged to be so by the review panel with high or moderate confidence. Causes in excluded cases included: isolated severe hypotension; bronchospasm; and oesophageal intubation. Severe bronchospasm leading to cardiac arrest was uncommon, but notably in one case led to a reported flat capnograph. In the baseline survey, anaesthetists estimated anaphylaxis as the cause of 10% of cases of peri‐operative cardiac arrests and to be among the four most common causes. In a year‐long registry of peri‐operative cardiac arrest, suspected anaphylaxis was the seventh most common cause accounting for 4% of reports. Initial management was most often with low‐dose intravenous adrenaline, and this was without complications. Both the NAP7 baseline survey and case registry provided evidence of reluctance to starting chest compressions when systolic blood pressure had fallen to below 50 mmHg and occasionally even when it was unrecordable. All 33 patients were resuscitated successfully but one patient later died. The one death occurred in a relatively young patient in whom chest compressions were delayed. Overall, peri‐operative anaphylaxis leading to cardiac arrest occurred with a similar frequency and patterns of presentation, location, initial rhythm and suspected triggers in NAP7 as in the 6th National Audit Project (NAP6). Outcomes in NAP7 were generally better than for equivalent cases in NAP6.
Editorial: Eosinophilic oesophagitis coming of age—Increasing frequency and wider age range—Authors' reply
Authors: Kiran Akshatha , Dellon Evan S. , Reed Craig C.
Published: January 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kiran et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17781 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17801
Immunohistochemical differentiation of keratins and involucrin between palmar psoriasis, chronic hand eczema and hyperkeratotic hand eczema
Authors: Baek Eun Joo , Jung Da Yeon , Seung Na Reu , Jang Ye Ji , Park Eun Joo , Kim Kwang Ho
Published: January 2024

Background

Common hyperkeratotic palmar skin lesions include chronic hand eczema (CHE), hyperkeratotic hand eczema (HHE), palmar psoriasis (PP). However, clinically differentiating these disorders is often challenging.

Objectives

To compare the expressions of keratin (K) 5, K9, K14 and involucrin in palmar hyperkeratotic lesions (HHE, CHE and PP).

Materials and Methods

Immunohistochemical staining was performed on skin biopsy specimens obtained from the palms of patients clinically diagnosed with CHE, HHE and PP (n = 21, 24 and 18, respectively).

Results

K5 and K14 expression levels were higher in the spinous and granular layers of PP and HHE compared to CHE. Involucrin was expressed in the basal layer of PP and HHE but not in CHE. K9 expression was decreased in PP and HHE compared to CHE.

Conclusion

Keratin and involucrin expression in the epidermis are markers of keratinocyte differentiation. Expression levels of keratin and involucrin were similar between the HHE and PP groups, suggesting that HHE shares pathogenesis with PP rather than CHE.
Ubrogepant: Mechanism of action, clinical and translational science
Authors: Boinpally Ramesh , Shebley Mohamad , Trugman Joel
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the treatment of migraine has experienced a breakthrough in the development of drugs that target the calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) signaling pathway. Monoclonal antibodies against the receptor or ligand have been developed for the preventive treatment of migraine; whereas, orally administered small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists, called gepants, have been developed for both acute and/or preventive treatment. Both modalities have demonstrated safe and effective treatment of migraine, reducing the number of migraine days for patients as well as reducing symptoms and improving patient function and overall quality of life. Here, we provide an abridged review of ubrogepant, an oral CGRP receptor antagonist, approved for the acute treatment of migraine. We briefly summarize the role of CGRP in migraine pathophysiology, describing the mechanism of action of ubrogepant in the context of this pathway, the clinical pharmacology properties and the clinical development and outcomes, including safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, that supported ubrogepant's approval.
Efficacy of alkaline hydrolyzed torula yeast for monitoring Anastrepha spp.
Authors: Lasa Rodrigo , Williams Trevor
Published: January 2024

Anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important pests of several crops in the Americas. Alkaline hydrolysis of proteins represents a potential source of novel attractants. Previous studies revealed a higher response by Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) to alkaline hydrolyzed torula yeast compared with other attractants. Under field conditions, captures of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Anastrepha ludens (Loew), and Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann) were significantly higher in traps baited with alkaline hydrolyzed torula yeast than in traps baited with acid hydrolyzed protein (Captor) + borax. Fly attraction to alkaline hydrolyzed torula yeast varied with species but was higher in the 1st week and decreased after 2 or 3 weeks of use in the field. The release of ammonia gas from alkaline hydrolyzed torula yeast and CeraTrap was reduced after 3 weeks, but CeraTrap remained effective in the capture of flies whereas alkaline hydrolyzed torula yeast did not. No improvement in fly captures was observed for aged alkaline hydrolyzed torula yeast when 1% ammonium acetate was added to traps. The addition of propylene glycol or benzalkonium chloride did not improve trap captures over time. Although CeraTrap has advantages in attractiveness and durability, the attraction, simplicity, and low cost make alkaline hydrolyzed torula yeast a promising attractant when compared with the standard Captor + borax in short‐term monitoring programs targeted at Anastrepha pests.
Fractures in Thoroughbred racing and the potential for pre‐race identification of horses at risk
Authors: Wright Ian , Minshall Gaynor , Young Natalie , Riggs Christopher
Published: January 2024

Risk rates for and predisposing factors to fractures occurring in Thoroughbred racing that have been published in peer reviewed journals are documented. The potential for currently available techniques to identify horses at increased risk for fracture is discussed on the bases of principles, practicalities, advantages, disadvantages and current data. All are reviewed in light of justifiable decision making and importance of fractures to horseracing's social license.
Empowering EEG motor imagery classification with deep transfer learning approach
Authors: Mishra Awanish Kumar , Gupta Indresh Kumar , Srivastava Swati , Alfarhood Sultan , Safran Mejdl
Published: January 2024

The brain‐computer interface (BCI) enables individuals with impairments to interact with the real world without relying on the neuromuscular pathway. BCI leverages artificial intelligence (AI) models for control. It can capture brain activity patterns associated with mental processes and convert them into commands for actuators. One promising application of BCI is in rehabilitation centres. When compared to traditional methods integrated with machine learning (ML) approaches that were initially explored in the past decade, there is a relatively limited number of studies utilizing deep learning (DL) approaches in BCI applications. A novel approach has been developed for the automatic recognition of motor imagery (MI) tasks. This article introduces the improved sparrow search algorithm with deep transfer learning‐based EEG motor imagery classification (ISSADTL‐EEGMIC) algorithm for BCIs. The presented ISSADTL‐EEGMIC algorithm primarily focuses on the automated classification of motor imagery tasks. To achieve this, the ISSADTL‐EEGMIC method first preprocesses EEG signals using the wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) technique. Additionally, it employs the neural architecture search network (NASNet) technique for feature extraction. Moreover, the ISSADTL‐EEGMIC model performs the classification process using the stacked sparse autoencoder (SSAE) model. Furthermore, hyperparameter optimization of the SSAE model is performed using the ISSA technique, which helps achieve maximum classification performance. The results from the simulation of the ISSADTL‐EEGMIC algorithm have been examined using two benchmark datasets. The experimental findings suggest that it outperforms recent approaches in terms of performance.
Reduction of financial tick big data for intraday trading
Authors: Milke Vitaliy , Luca Cristina , Wilson George B.
Published: January 2024

Various neural network architectures are often used to forecast movements in financial markets. Most research in quantitative analytics in finance uses interval financial data as this reduces the raw tick big data, but the averaging can lose key behaviour patterns. This work presents an alternative novel method to reduce raw tick data whilst retaining important information for training, as demonstrated with intraday trading using the EURO/USD currency pair. This time series reduction method focuses on short periods preceding significant movements in financial features and allows the most popular neural network architectures to be applied using less powerful but more readily available computer resources. It is shown that the proposed data preprocessing method for machine learning and other AI‐techniques successfully reduced the size of the selected dataset covering a three‐year period (2018–2021) by 275 times.
Thinking night studies through a southern European perspective
Authors: Tomasella Giuseppe
Published: January 2024

To emphasise the contribution of situated perspectives to the advancement of the field, this review provides a genealogy of night studies across southwestern Europe. This interdisciplinary field of research has significantly developed in English‐speaking scholarly communities, and it has only more recently been growing in importance on southwestern European scholars' research agendas. Usually, they produce research outputs in both English and a Romance language. As a result, intertwined lines of scholarly literature emerge and contribute to the advancement of night studies to different degrees, depending on international readers' proficiency in the employed (Romance) language and (inter)disciplinary interests. To help handle this accessibility issue, this review focuses on what brings night studies together, despite their heterogeneity. That is, the geographical understanding of local night space–times as situated phenomena frequently referred to as nightscape. Accordingly, the review suggests reframing the geographical nightscape as a connective concept to bridge the gaps between multilingual and multidisciplinary research, fostering the interpretation and assemblage of hybrid theoretical frameworks for situated investigations that delve into the diverse and interdependent relations co‐producing local night space–times.
Prevalence of depression and clinical depressive symptoms in community‐dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty
Authors: Mohd Safien A'isyah , Ibrahim Norhayati , Subramaniam Ponnusamy , Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit , Mat Ludin Arimi Fitri , Chin Ai‐Vyrn , Shahar Suzana
Published: January 2024

Aim

The present study determines the prevalence of depression and the extent of clinical depression symptoms among community‐dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty and its associated factors.

Methods

A total of 755 older adults aged ≥60 years were recruited. Their cognitive performance was determined using the Clinical Dementia Rating. Fried's criteria was applied to identify physical frailty, and the Beck Depression Inventory assessed their mental states.

Results

A total of 39.2% (n = 304) of the participants were classified as cognitive frail. In this cognitive frail subpopulation, 8.6% (n = 26) had clinical depressive symptoms, which were mostly somatic such as disturbance in sleep pattern, work difficulty, fatigue, and lack of appetite. Older adults with cognitive frailty also showed significantly higher depression levels as compared with the noncognitive frail participants (t (622.06) = −3.38; P = 0.001). There are significant associations between depression among older adults with cognitive frailty and multimorbidity (P = 0.009), polypharmacy (P = 0.009), vision problems (P = 0.046), and hearing problems (P = 0.047). The likelihood of older adults with cognitive frailty who experience impairments to their vision and hearing, polypharmacy, and multimorbidity to be depressed also increased by 2, 3, 5, and 7‐fold.

Conclusions

The majority of the Malaysian community‐dwelling older adults were in a good mental state. However, older adults with cognitive frailty are more susceptible to depression due to impairments to their hearing and vision, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy. As common clinical depressive symptoms among older adults with cognitive frailty are mostly somatic, it is crucial for health professionals to recognize these and not to disregard them as only physical illness. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 225–233.
Systems of innovation: Path of economic transition and differences in institutions in central and Eastern Europe?
Authors: Shkolnykova Mariia , Steffens Lasse , Wedemeier Jan
Published: January 2024

Against the backdrop of the current political developments in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, such as Ukraine, Poland, and Romania, the question arises as to the role played by economic transformation and the resulting innovation linkages in these countries over the last 20 years. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of economic and institutional dimensions on the development of CEE countries, explicitly distinguishing between European Union (EU) members and non‐members, and thus reflecting the differences in institutions and path dependency. Furthermore, the paper contrasts the performance of CEE countries with that of Western European countries. To achieve these objectives, the impact of factors such as innovation, institutions, and political practices on the economic development of 37 European countries from 2000 until 2020 is followed using fixed effects regression and Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. The results of the analysis show the importance of institutional factors such as low levels of corruption, political freedoms, and intellectual property. The effect of institutional variables was particularly pronounced in the case of non‐EU countries, which indicates the particular importance of the development of stable institutions for achieving higher levels of economic development for this category of countries.
The expression of lignin biosynthesis genes during plant development and effects of downregulated cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) gene in bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge)
Authors: Ng Hwan May , Gondo Takahiro , Yamada Tomohito , Tanaka Hidenori , Akashi Ryo
Published: January 2024

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) is a warm‐season grass where high lignin content limits its forage quality, negatively affecting animal performance. To create a new breeding method by genome editing, isolation and characterization of lignin biosynthesis genes and identification of their molecular relationships are essential. The caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase (COMT) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) cDNA clones were isolated from bahiagrass, and their protein sequences showed high similarity to other C4 monocot species through phylogenetic analysis. Gene expression analysis of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), COMT and CAD, involved in crucial stages of lignin biosynthesis and lignin content, was conducted at different plant developmental stages. The highest gene expression levels of these genes were observed in the vegetative (V) and early reproductive stages, while the lignin content increased until the middle reproductive stage and remained constant thereafter. Additionally, to further understand the molecular relationships in lignin biosynthesis, the effect of CAD downregulation was analyzed in transgenic bahiagrass lines introduced with sorghum CAD antisense and RNAi vector obtained from a previous report. This led to a reduced lignin content and affected the expression of PAL and COMT working upstream of CAD. In the V stage, PAL expression was lower in transgenic lines compared to wild type (WT), while COMT expression showed no significant differences. However, PAL and COMT expression of transgenic lines in the middle reproductive stage (R2) was significantly higher than in the WT. These findings suggest that the downregulation of CAD gene expression affects PAL and COMT expression and induces a feedback system in the R2 stage. Lignin content influenced the phenotype of the transgenic plants with significantly reduced lignin, exhibiting a dwarf phenotype with shorter plant heights. The findings of this study can be applied to genome editing for the development of practical new breeding materials with improved digestibility in bahiagrass.
Making research and evaluation more useful and more interesting for information services and their users: A guide for students and practitioners
Authors: Urquhart Christine
Published: January 2024

Reflections on the recent increase in the number of cross‐sectional surveys received by the editorial team of the journal indicated that potential contributors might consider other research techniques, in addition to, or instead of a survey. In this article, Christine Urquhart discusses some different research designs, and different research methods that may help students and practitioners find useful answers to questions about professional practice beyond the standard survey. Researchers could consider research designs such as quasi‐experimental techniques, controlled before‐after studies, and interrupted time series. The basic principles of such methods are outlined and some examples cited. Other research techniques outlined include those that research subjects might find more interesting to do, such as conjoint analysis and vignettes.
A laboratory study comparing the static navigation technique using a bur with a conventional freehand technique using ultrasonic tips for the removal of fibre posts
Authors: Abella Sans Francesc , Alatiya Zeena Tariq , Val Gonzalo Gómez , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Dummer Paul Michael Howell , Durán‐Sindreu Terol Fernando , Olivieri Juan Gonzalo
Published: January 2024

Aim

There are currently no high‐quality studies comparing the static navigation technique with conventional methods of fibre post removal. The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the effectiveness of fibre post removal between a static navigation technique and a conventional freehand technique using ultrasonics by experienced and inexperienced operators.

Methodology

Forty‐eight extracted single‐rooted human premolars were root‐filled. A fibre post was cemented in all 48 teeth, which were then divided randomly into the following groups: static navigation group using burs; static navigation‐ultrasonic group; and non‐guided group using ultrasonic tips. The following parameters were evaluated for both experienced operators and inexperienced operators: reaching the gutta‐percha root filling successfully, the time required to remove the entire post, the occurrence of lateral root perforations, and the amount of root dentine removed. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to examine the normality of the data; the anova test was used to compare the significant differences among groups; and Tukey tests were used for all two‐by‐two comparisons. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Results

In the static navigation group, the gutta‐percha was reached significantly more frequently than in the non‐guided group (p < .05). The static navigation approach required significantly less time than the non‐guided approach to reach the gutta‐percha (p < .05). The total removal of posts was significantly different between groups (p < .05), but there was no significant difference between experienced and inexperienced operators in the static navigation group (p > .05). More perforations were associated with the non‐guided group than with the other two groups. The total mean loss of dentine in the non‐guided group in all directions was 0.39 (±0.17) mm, with 0.25 (±0.09) mm for experienced, and 0.42 (±0.16) mm for inexperienced operators.

Conclusion

When compared to a conventional ultrasonic technique for the removal of fibre posts, the static navigation method using burs resulted in less dentine removal, more rapid access to the gutta‐percha root filling, less overall time to remove the posts, and fewer complications. When using static navigation, there was no difference in performance between experienced and inexperienced operators.
Radiographic outcome of endodontic treatment and retreatment of teeth with apical periodontitis using two different root canal irrigants. A prospective cohort study
Authors: Katle Erik , Zandi Homan , Pedersen Deniz , Sunde Pia Titterud , Torgersen Gerald R. , Ørstavik Dag
Published: January 2024

Aim

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to compare the radiographic outcome of endodontic treatment and retreatment of teeth with apical periodontitis using either 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) for root canal irrigation.

Materials and Methods

In the years from 2013 to 2015 standard irrigation varied by semester between NaOCl and CHX at the Department of Endodontics at the Faculty of Dentistry. During that time, 912 teeth received treatment for apical periodontitis in 744 patients, of whom 532 responded to the request for a 1‐year follow‐up. Only one tooth per person (the most distally located) were included; 285 teeth treated with NaOCl and 247 with CHX. One hundred cases were then randomly sampled from each irrigation group and analysed for outcome by periapical index (PAI) scoring using criteria for success, uncertain and failure. Clinical and other radiographic parameters were scored or recorded and analysed for associations with radiographic outcome using chi‐square, ANOVA and regression analyses.

Results

Success rates (PAI score 1 or 2 at control) were nearly identical for the two irrigation liquids. The use of irrigating solution also did not significantly influence the outcome in chi‐square analyses of subgroups of teeth or regression analyses with other variables included. Ordinal regression analysis established that preoperative lesion size or preoperative PAI score were significantly associated with outcome, and teeth in the mandible had significantly better outcomes than in the maxilla.

Conclusions

No significant differences in the radiographic outcome using either 1% NaOCl or 2% CHX as irrigants were found. The outcome was better for teeth with small lesions or lower PAI scores at completion of treatment and for mandibular teeth.
1‐MCP combined with laser microporous film packaging maintains the quality and prolongs the storage period of Xiahei grapes
Authors: Tong Xiuzi , Song Huibo , Chen Yanan , Shi Nan , Shi Pingping , Yu Lijuan , Kong Xiaoxue , Luo Haibo
Published: January 2024

The effects of a 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) treatment combined with laser microporous film (LMF) packaging on the quality of postharvest Xiahei grapes during storage at 4 ± 1 °C were investigated. Compared with the control group, the 1‐MCP + LMF treatment significantly decreased the weight loss and respiration rate of the grapes (P < 0.05). Additionally, the combination of 1‐MCP and LMF maintained relatively high titratable acid, ascorbic acid, and total soluble phenol contents, as well as low levels of soluble solids. The combined application of 1‐MCP and LMF also reduced the accumulation of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde. Except in a few samples, the superoxide dismutase, ascorbic peroxidase, and catalase activities were higher under 1‐MCP + LMF treatment. Conversely, lipoxygenase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and cellulase activities were lower than in the control. The results suggested that the combined application of 1‐MCP and LMF significantly mitigated water evaporation, retarded nutrient consumption, induced catabolism, and minimised oxidative damage of grapes during storage. These changes prolonged the shelf life of Xiahei grapes to 60 days at 4 ± 1 °C.
Factors Associated with Provider Counseling Against Breastfeeding in the Setting of Marijuana Use: A Population‐Based Survey
Authors: Fatunbi Joy A. , Monseur Brent C. , Berghella Vincenzo , Morris Jerrine R.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to explore patient demographic factors associated with counseling against breastfeeding and concurrent marijuana use.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study derived using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) in collaboration with state and local health departments. This study sample included survey participants whose responses indicate they received counseling discouraging breastfeeding with concurrent marijuana use. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses assessed the relationship between factors associated with counseling against breastfeeding and concurrent marijuana use.

Results

Of the 10,911 participants in this sample, 9,695 participants who answered the question about receiving counseling discouraging breastfeeding while using marijuana were included in the analysis (89% response rate for the total sample). Twenty nine percent of participants were advised by a provider not to breastfeed while using marijuana. Participants who received this counseling were more likely to be people of color, age less than or equal to 29, with a high school education or less, unmarried, report governmental or no insurance prepregnancy, and report marijuana use postpartum. In the multivariate analysis, age less than or equal to 20 (P = .001), being unmarried (P = .023), and marijuana use postpartum (P = .034) remained associated with counseling against breastfeeding.

Discussion

Our results suggest that individuals are being counseled differently. Unmarried and young people (age <20 years) were more likely to report receiving counseling against breastfeeding with concurrent marijuana use. Given the growing national acceptability of marijuana use, the known benefits of breastfeeding, and the unclear risks of marijuana in human milk, there is a need to standardize counseling to avoid a missed opportunity to educate breastfeeding populations who use marijuana and to reduce the risk of counseling based on providers’ personal attitudes and biases not aligned with evidence‐based guidelines.
Innovative strategies for increasing sample size and diversity in family science research
Authors: Williamson Hannah C.
Published: January 2024

To build a robust, replicable, and generalizable family science we must ensure that our research includes samples that are large enough that we can test effects reliably and are diverse enough to speak broadly to families' experiences. This can be challenging for family science researchers who focus on family processes because many of the features of high‐quality family process research make the experience quite onerous for participants; often multiple family members must participate, and data is typically collected through intensive methods, such as video observation or daily diaries. These methodologies allow us to capture rich and detailed data about family processes, but can make it difficult to achieve a large and diverse sample. Fortunately, there are a number of promising methods already in use in family science, or currently being deployed in other related fields, that offer good prospects for family science researchers seeking to improve the samples used in their research by increasing sample size and/or diversity. This article highlights innovative methods that will be useful in overcoming some of the sampling challenges facing family science researchers, focusing on creative ways to use existing datasets, including secondary data analysis and integrative data analysis, and methods that can be deployed when collecting new data, including accessing alternative data sources such as digital trace data, collecting observational data remotely, methods for reaching underrepresented groups, and big‐team science.
Over 100 years of vitamin E: An overview from synthesis and formulation to application in animal nutrition
Authors: Ralla Theo , Kluenter Anna‐Maria , Litta Gilberto , Müller Marc‐Andre , Bonrath Werner , Schäfer Christian
Published: January 2024

The groundbreaking discovery of vitamin E by Evans and Bishop in 1922 was an important milestone in vitamin research, inspiring further investigation into its crucial role in both human and animal nutrition. Supplementing vitamin E has been proved to enhance multiple key physiological systems such as the reproductive, circulatory, nervous and muscular systems. As the main antioxidant in the blood and on a cellular level, vitamin E maintains the integrity of both cellular and vascular membranes and thus modulates the immune system. This overview showcases important and innovative routes for synthesizing vitamin E on a commercial scale, provides cutting‐edge insights into formulation concepts for successful product form development and emphasizes the importance and future of vitamin E in healthy and sustainable animal nutrition.
Gansulinema gen. nov. and Komarkovaeasiopsis gen. nov.: Novel Oculatellacean genera (Cyanobacteria) isolated from desert soils and hot spring
Authors: Cai Fangfang , Li Shuheng , Chen Jiaxin , Li Renhui
Published: January 2024

To increase the understanding of simple thin filamentous cyanobacteria in harsh environmental areas, we previously isolated and identified four strains (XN101, XN102, GS121, NX122) from desert soils and hot spring in China. As a result, two new Oculatellacean genera of these four strains, Gansulinema gen. nov. and Komarkovaeasiopsis gen. nov., are described based on a polyphasic approach. The ultrastructure of these strains showed a similar arrangement of peripheral thylakoids with three to four parallel layers, indicating that they belonged to the orders Nodosilineales, Oculatellales, or Leptolyngbyales. In the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, two sequences of the Gansulinema strains and the two sequences of the Komarkovaeasiopsis strains formed two independent and robust clusters, within the order Oculatellales. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains of Komarkovaeasiopsis and Gansulinema showed low identity to each other (≤93.2%) and to other sequences of the Oculatellacean genera (≤94.5% and ≤93.3%, respectively). Furthermore, the 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer rRNA region secondary structures of strains of Komarkovaeasiopsis and Gansulinema were not consistent with all existing descriptions of Oculatellacean taxa. These data suggest that cyanobacterial communities are rich sources of new taxa in under‐exploited areas, such as desert soils and hot spring in China.
Crosstalk between the subiculum and sleep–wake regulation: A review
Authors: Rahimi Sadegh , Joyce Leesa , Fenzl Thomas , Drexel Meinrad
Published: January 2024

The circuitry underlying the initiation, maintenance, and coordination of wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep, and non‐rapid eye movement sleep is not thoroughly understood. Sleep is thought to arise due to decreased activity in the ascending reticular arousal system, which originates in the brainstem and awakens the thalamus and cortex during wakefulness. Despite the conventional association of sleep–wake states with hippocampal rhythms, the mutual influence of the hippocampal formation in regulating vigilance states has been largely neglected. Here, we focus on the subiculum, the main output region of the hippocampal formation. The subiculum, particulary the ventral part, sends extensive monosynaptic projections to crucial regions implicated in sleep–wake regulation, including the thalamus, lateral hypothalamus, tuberomammillary nucleus, basal forebrain, ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, ventrolateral tegmental area, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Additionally, second‐order projections from the subiculum are received by the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, locus coeruleus, and median raphe nucleus, suggesting the potential involvement of the subiculum in the regulation of the sleep–wake cycle. We also discuss alterations in the subiculum observed in individuals with sleep disorders and in sleep‐deprived mice, underscoring the significance of investigating neuronal communication between the subiculum and pathways promoting both sleep and wakefulness.
The effect of ε‐aminocaproic acid on blood product requirement, outcome and thromboelastography parameters in severely thrombocytopenic dogs
Authors: Wolf Johanna , Ruterbories Laura K. , Handel Ian , Hansen Bernie
Published: January 2024

Background

No treatment other than platelet administration is known to protect against spontaneous hemorrhage in thrombocytopenic dogs.

Objectives

Primary: determine if treatment with ε‐aminocaproic acid (EACA) decreases the requirement for blood transfusions and improves outcome in dogs with severe thrombocytopenia. Secondary: find evidence of hyperfibrinolysis and determine the effect EACA administration on rapid (rTEG) and tissue plasminogen activator‐spiked (tPA‐rTEG) thromboelastography parameters.

Animals

Twenty‐seven dogs with severe thrombocytopenia were treated with EACA, and data from an additional 33 were obtained from the hospital database as historical control (HC) cohort.

Methods

Single arm clinical trial with HCs. The EACA group dogs received EACA (100 mg/kg IV followed by a constant‐rate infusion [CRI] of 400 mg/kg/24 hours). Thromboelastography before and during EACA infusion, hospitalization days, number of transfusions, and mortality were compared.

Results

No difference was found in number of transfusions per dog (median, interquartile range; 1, 0‐2.5 vs 0.9, 0‐2; P = .5) and hospitalization days (4, 4‐6 vs 4.5, 3.75‐6; P = .83) between HC and EACA groups, respectively, and no difference in survival was identified by log‐rank analysis (P = .15). Maximum amplitude on both rTEG and tPA‐rTEG increased after EACA administration (rTEG baseline: 23.6, 9.6‐38.9; post‐EACA: 27.3, 19.8‐43.2; P < .001; tPA‐rTEG baseline: 23, 10.9‐37.2; post‐EACA: 24.7, 16.7‐44.8; P < .002).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Although EACA increased clot strength, there was no effect on outcome. Treatment with EACA at this dosage cannot be recommended as a routine treatment but may be considered for dogs with severe ongoing hemorrhage.
Machine learning–informed soil conditioning for mechanized shield tunneling
Authors: Wang Shuying , Yuan Xiao , Qu Tongming
Published: January 2024

Effective soil conditioning is critical for mechanized shield tunneling, yet the selection of conditioning parameters remains experience‐oriented. This study presents a machine learning–informed soil conditioning strategy, aiming at enabling automatic decision‐making for soil conditioning during tunneling. The proposed procedure includes feature engineering to process raw data, the selection of an optimal model, and a committee‐based uncertainty quantification strategy to evaluate the reliability of models. High‐dimensional data visualization techniques are leveraged to examine the influence of data distribution on the model's performance. Results demonstrate that feature engineering and the selection of models lay a foundation for machine learning–enabled automatic soil conditioning, while historical soil conditioning parameters should be incorporated in models to account for time‐dependent features during tunneling. The committee‐based uncertainty quantification strategy can effectively identify the reliability of both interpolated and extrapolated predictions. The proposed data‐driven soil conditioning framework can promote the application of machine learning toward automating earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling.
Enhancing point cloud semantic segmentation in the data‐scarce domain of industrial plants through synthetic data
Authors: Noichl Florian , Collins Fiona C. , Braun Alexander , Borrmann André
Published: January 2024

Digitizing existing structures is essential for applying digital methods in architecture, engineering, and construction. However, the adoption of data‐driven techniques for transforming point cloud data into useful digital models faces challenges, particularly in the industrial domain, where ground truth datasets for training are scarce. This paper investigates a solution leveraging synthetic data to train data‐driven models effectively. In the investigated industrial domain, the complex geometry of building elements often leads to occlusions, limiting the effectiveness of conventional sampling‐based synthetic data generation methods. Our approach proposes the automatic generation of realistic and semantically enriched ground truth data using surface‐based sampling methods and laser scan simulation on industry‐standard 3D models. In the presented experiments, we use a neural network for point cloud semantic segmentation to demonstrate that compared to sampling‐based alternatives, simulation‐based synthetic data significantly improve mean class intersection over union performance on real point cloud data, achieving up to 7% absolute increase.
Developmental channels: (Incomplete) development strategies in democratic Latin America
Authors: de Gaspi Renato H.
Published: January 2024

In the early 2000s, Latin America witnessed a resurgence in debates concerning the state's economic role, coinciding with a political transformation as new parties emerged to power. Existing literature on the “return of Industrial Policy” in the region largely offers a descriptive perspective, bypassing the intricacies of policy typifications and their associated political foundations. This paper addresses these gaps with two main contributions: First, it posits that the state's proactive economic interventions in Latin America were not comprehensive, but instead divided into two distinct channels: the sectoral and the macroeconomic. Second, by employing a fuzzy‐set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) of 59 democratic Latin American administrations, the paper delves into the political dynamics that underlie each channel. A detailed comparative analysis between Brazil and Chile serves as a focal point, illuminating their notable policy divergence. The research concludes that labor‐supported parties are predisposed toward adopting active developmental roles, especially in contexts lacking complex economic structures. However, even incomplete strategies require the presence of robust developmental institutions and is contingent upon a government's capability to establish developmental coalitions and countervail opposing interests.
Thermal Analysis of Jet-in-Crossflow Technique for Hotspot Treatment in Electronics Cooling
Authors: Corvera Christian , Mahjoob Shadi
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems, faster processors, miniaturized computational components, and supercomputer centers are accompanied by larger heat dissipation and the need for innovative cooling methods. In this work, a combined jet-in-crossflow cooling system is introduced and numerically investigated with an application in localized hotspot treatment. A validation study, a grid independence study, and an uncertainty analysis are conducted to ensure the accuracy of the obtained results. Both vertical and angled jet impingement at different jet locations are studied indicating the advantage of using a 45 deg angled jet placed upstream of the hotspot. In addition, the advantage of jet-in-crossflow in comparison with pure crossflow and pure jet impingement is studied. The results show that the angled jet-in-crossflow setup, in comparison with pure crossflow at the same overall mass flowrate, considerably reduces the temperature values at the heated surface, and decreases the temperature standard deviation by 65%, while lowering the required pumping power by 35%. In comparison with pure jet impingement at the same overall mass flowrate, the angled jet-in-crossflow method reduces the required pumping power by 87%, while local temperature and temperature standard deviation values are very comparable. Furthermore, the advantage of structured rib channels in cooling effectiveness is investigated for the jet-in-crossflow setup. Although the addition of a rib slightly increases the pressure drop, the employment of a proper rib size minimizes the increased pressure drop while considerably improving the cooling effectiveness and temperature uniformity.
Optimization-based modeling of Lombard speech articulation: Supraglottal characteristics
Authors: Elie Benjamin , Šimko Juraj , Turk Alice
Published: January 2024

This paper shows that a highly simplified model of speech production based on the optimization of articulatory effort versus intelligibility can account for some observed articulatory consequences of signal-to-noise ratio. Simulations of static vowels in the presence of various background noise levels show that the model predicts articulatory and acoustic modifications of the type observed in Lombard speech. These features were obtained only when the constraint applied to articulatory effort decreases as the level of background noise increases. These results support the hypothesis that Lombard speech is listener oriented and speakers adapt their articulation in noisy environments.
TDP-43 impairs sleep in
Drosophila
through
Ataxin-2
–dependent metabolic disturbance
Authors: Perlegos Alexandra E. , Durkin Jaclyn , Belfer Samuel J. , Rodriguez Anyara , Shcherbakova Oksana , Park Kristen , Luong Jenny , Bonini Nancy M. , Kayser Matthew S.
Published: January 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia are associated with substantial sleep disruption, which may accelerate cognitive decline and brain degeneration. Here, we define a role for trans-activation response element (TAR) DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), a protein associated with human neurodegenerative disease, in regulating sleep using
Drosophila
. Expression of TDP-43 severely disrupts sleep, and the sleep deficit is rescued by
Atx2
knockdown. Brain RNA sequencing revealed that
Atx2
RNA interference regulates transcripts enriched for small-molecule metabolic signaling in TDP-43 brains. Focusing on these
Atx2
-regulated genes, we identified suppressors of the TDP-43 sleep phenotype enriched for metabolism pathways. Knockdown of
Atx2
or treatment with rapamycin attenuated the sleep phenotype and mitigated the disruption of small-molecule glycogen metabolism caused by TDP-43. Our findings provide a connection between toxicity of TDP-43 and sleep disturbances and highlight key aspects of metabolism that interplay with TDP-43 toxicity upon
Atx2
rescue.
Evaluation of the Origins of Strontium-90 Contained in Wheat Plant
Authors: Ichikawa Ryushi , Abe Michiko , Eto Masako
Published: January 2024

Twenty percent of the strontium-90 in wheat flour in 1959 was due to root absorption, 30 percent was due to floral absorption from soil particles attached to the ear, and 50 percent was due to current fallout. In 1960, 35 percent was due to root absorption, 50 percent to floral absorption from soil, and 15 percent to current fallout.
Comprehensive conservation assessments reveal high extinction risks across Atlantic Forest trees
Authors: de Lima Renato A. F. , Dauby Gilles , de Gasper André L. , Fernandez Eduardo P. , Vibrans Alexander C. , Oliveira Alexandre A. de , Prado Paulo I. , Souza Vinícius C. , F. de Siqueira Marinez , ter Steege Hans
Published: January 2024

Biodiversity is declining globally, yet many biodiversity hotspots still lack comprehensive species conservation assessments. Using multiple International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria to evaluate extinction risks and millions of herbarium and forest inventory records, we present automated conservation assessments for all tree species of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, including ~1100 heretofore unassessed species. About 65% of all species and 82% of endemic species are classified as threatened. We rediscovered five species classified as Extinct on the IUCN Red List and identified 13 endemics as possibly extinct. Uncertainties in species information had little influence on the assessments, but using fewer Red List criteria severely underestimated threat levels. We suggest that the conservation status of tropical forests worldwide is worse than previously reported.
Antibody production relies on the tRNA inosine wobble modification to meet biased codon demand
Authors: Giguère Sophie , Wang Xuesong , Huber Sabrina , Xu Liling , Warner John , Weldon Stephanie R. , Hu Jennifer , Phan Quynh Anh , Tumang Katie , Prum Thavaleak , Ma Duanduan , Kirsch Kathrin H. , Nair Usha , Dedon Peter , Batista Facundo D.
Published: January 2024

Antibodies are produced at high rates to provide immunoprotection, which puts pressure on the B cell translational machinery. Here, we identified a pattern of codon usage conserved across antibody genes. One feature thereof is the hyperutilization of codons that lack genome-encoded Watson-Crick transfer RNAs (tRNAs), instead relying on the posttranscriptional tRNA modification inosine (I34), which expands the decoding capacity of specific tRNAs through wobbling. Antibody-secreting cells had increased I34 levels and were more reliant on I34 for protein production than naïve B cells. Furthermore, antibody I34-dependent codon usage may influence B cell passage through regulatory checkpoints. Our work elucidates the interface between the tRNA pool and protein production in the immune system and has implications for the design and selection of antibodies for vaccines and therapeutics.