bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiprofessionelles Clearing in einem Modellvorhaben nach § 64b SGB
V am Beispiel der Gerontopsychiatrie
Authors: Holzberger Marie-Luise , Fußer Fabian , Martin Kathrin , Stasik Eileen , Back Simone , Becker-Scharwatz Rita , Hesse Dana , Frisch Stefan
Published: January 2025

Im Rahmen des bundesweit größten Modellvorhabens nach
§ 64b SGB V wurde in der Klinik für Gerontopsychiatrie am Pfalzklinikum ein
Clearingkonzept erarbeitet, um eine rasche und adäquate Diagnostik sowie
effektive Zuweisung in das weiterbehandelnde Setting zu
gewährleisten.

Vorgestellt werden retrospektive Daten aller
Clearingfälle des ersten Jahres. Neben demografischen Daten und
Behandlungsdiagnosen wird die Verteilung der Patient*innen auf die
weiterbehandelnden Settings dargestellt.

Von 1076 Fällen mit
stationärer Einweisung konnten durch das Clearing mehr als die Hälfte nach
spätestens fünf Werktagen ambulant weiterbehandelt oder entlassen werden.

 Die Ergebnisse heben die zentrale Rolle eines
Clearings für die Behandlungssteuerung hervor. Im Hinblick auf den
demografischen Wandel lassen sich Anregungen für die Regelversorgung ableiten,
um Patient*innen mit besonderen Diagnostik- und Behandlungsbedarfen gezielter zu
versorgen.
Comparison of adenoma detection rate between three-dimensional and standard colonoscopy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chang Wei-Yuan , Liao Wei-Chih , Chang Li-Chun , Lin Hsuan-Ho , Wei Pin-Ya , Wu Hsing-Chien , Chiu Han-Mo , Wu Ming-Shiang
Published: January 2025

Improvement in adenoma detection rates (ADRs) effectively reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer. In a simulation study, three-dimensional (3D) colonoscopy provided more anatomical details than standard two-dimensional (2D) colonoscopy and improved ADR. We compared ADRs between 2D and 3D colonoscopy.

In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, participants aged ≥40 years undergoing colonoscopy for screening, surveillance, or symptoms between February 2022 and June 2023 were randomized 1:1 into 2D or 3D groups. The primary outcome was ADR. Secondary outcomes included detection rates for flat adenomas, right-sided adenomas, proximal adenomas, advanced adenomas, and sessile serrated lesions (SSLs).

Of 348 participants recruited, data from 158 (2D group) and 160 (3D group) were analyzed. Mucosa inspection time was comparable between the 3D (9.8 [SD 2.6] minutes) and 2D (9.4 [SD 3.1] minutes) groups (P = 0.21). Compared with the 2D group, the 3D group had a significantly higher ADR (53.1% vs. 38.6%; difference 14.5% [95%CI 3.7 to 25.4]; P = 0.009), and higher detection rates for flat adenomas (35.0% vs. 21.5%; difference 13.5% [95%CI 3.7 to 23.3]; P = 0.008), right-sided adenomas (26.3% vs. 15.2%; difference 11.1% [95%CI 2.2 to 19.9]; P = 0.02), proximal adenomas (38.1% vs. 23.4%; difference 14.7% [95%CI 4.7 to 24.7]; P = 0.005), and adenomas sized 5–9 mm (45.0% vs. 31.0%; difference 14.0% [95%CI 3.4 to 24.5]; P = 0.01). There was no difference in detection rates for SSLs or advanced adenomas.

3D colonoscopy improved adenoma detection without significantly increasing the mucosa inspection time.
Hybrid percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (Hybrid PEG) improves patient safety by combining pull-through technique with gastropexy
Authors: Branchi Federica , Treese Christoph , Kinzel Tobias Horst , Reich Viktoria , Schuhmacher Leonie , Bojarski Christian , Adler Andreas , Veltzke-Schlieker Wielfried , Jürgensen Christian , Tacke Frank , Siegmund Britta , Buchkremer Juliane
Published: January 2025

The direct puncture technique has been associated with a better safety profile compared with the classical pull-through technique for insertion of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). In this study, the safety of the hybrid PEG technique, combining gastropexy with the pull-through technique, was analyzed in a large retrospective patient cohort.

Clinical data from patients undergoing PEG insertion in a high-volume center for endoscopy were included retrospectively between January 2016 and December 2021. Patient characteristics and complication rates were correlated in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Data from 351 patients undergoing PEG insertion with the hybrid PEG technique were compared with 145 procedures with the direct puncture technique and 1073 procedures with the pull-through technique. In the group where gastropexy was performed (hybrid PEG and direct puncture), we could not find any significant differences in frequency of major and minor complications. Comparing the pull-through technique with the gastropexy group, we detected a five-fold higher major complication rate and a doubled minor complication rate for the pull-through technique. Multivariate analysis confirmed the protective role of gastropexy, with an odds ratio of 0.166 (0.084–0.329; P < 0.001) for major complications.

Hybrid PEG and direct puncture are equally safe PEG insertion techniques, with significantly better safety profiles than the pull-through technique. Despite the retrospective design of the study, these results suggest preferential use of hybrid PEG due to handling.
Synthetic Approaches toward the Batzelladine Class of Guanidinium Alkaloids
Authors: Pierce Joshua G. , Breunig Jamie L.
Published: January 2025

Polycyclic guanidinium alkaloids (PGAs) are a class of nitrogen-containing marine natural products characterized by a vessel unit, a linker, and an anchor unit. Batzelladines, a specific subclass of PGAs, exhibit diverse biological activities and structural complexities. This short review discusses various synthetic methods developed to access batzelladine natural products, highlighting the key disconnections utilized in each synthetic strategy.

1 Introduction

2 Polycyclic Guanidinium Alkaloids

3 Batzelladine Natural Products

4 Strategies in Batzelladine Synthesis

4.1 Aza-Michael Addition

4.2 Biginelli Condensation

4.3 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition

4.4 [4+2] Annulation of N-Alkyl Imines and Vinyl Carbodiimides

4.5 Free-Radical Cyclization

4.6 Palladium-Catalyzed Carboamination

4.7 Rhodium-Catalyzed [4+3] Cycloaddition

4.8 A Bicyclic β-Lactam Intermediate

5 Non-Total Synthesis Contributions

6 Conclusion
A Case of Erosive Antral Gastritis Treated with Homeopathy
Authors: Maiti Bishnu Prasad , Khadim Azizul Islam , Chakma Abhijit
Published: January 2025

Gastritis is a common gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, which commonly affects children and adult age groups. Antral gastritis is the inflammation of the inner mucosal lining in the antral part of the stomach. It can have a negative impact on health and hinder the quality of life. For the treatment of gastritis, the target should be to prevent recurrence, lessen side effects, and reduce the cost of medications. Considering these aspects, homeopathy can be one of the useful, safer therapeutic options in the treatment of gastritis. A male patient aged 31 years came with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and distension of the abdomen for the last 10 months. Upper GI tract endoscopy confirmed erosive antral gastritis. He was treated with individualized homeopathic medicine Carbo vegetabilis in LM potency from 0/1 to 0/7. The patient was treated for 9 months with significant improvement both clinically and changes in diagnostic parameters. Endoscopy report revealed a normal study after 9 months of homeopathic treatment. The response of the visual analog scale for pain from +8 to 0 suggests the improvement of patient. In addition, the high score (+8) of Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy suggested that the likelihood of improvement was attributable to the homeopathic intervention. This case report suggests that a correctly chosen homeopathic medicine can be beneficial in the management of antral gastritis. Nevertheless, more extensive studies are warranted with enhanced methodology.
Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Pebror Travis , Davis Christopher M. , Butty Sabah D.
Published: January 2025

Purpose The incidence of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is rising, and few studies have assessed interventional treatment strategies. Here, we aim to evaluate outcomes following standalone mechanical thrombectomy for UEDVT.

Methods Retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients who underwent standalone mechanical thrombectomy for UEDVT between October 2019 and August 2023. Outcomes assessed included technical success (≥75% thrombus removal), intraprocedural adverse events, postprocedural hospital stay, and follow-up free from death, pulmonary embolism, and rethrombosis.

Results Mechanical thrombectomy was utilized in 14 patients during the study period. The median age was 44.0 years (interquartile range: 33.5, 57.0), and seven of the patients (50.0%) were female. All procedures were technically successful and completed in a single session with no serious adverse events. The median postprocedural stay was 2 days. At a median follow-up of 88 days, there were no mortalities, and 71.4% of patients (n = 10) were free of rethrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

Conclusion This analysis suggests that mechanical thrombectomy provides effective thrombus removal and can be safely completed in patients with UEDVT.
Structural Adaptations of the Anterolateral Complex of the Knee and Associated Tissues: A Comparative Anatomical and Histological Analysis of Knees With and Without an Anterolateral Ligament
Authors: Marchese Charles R. , Pautler Benjamin , Swancutt Makayla M. , Beutel Bryan G.
Published: January 2025

The anterolateral ligament (ALL) is considered a secondary stabilizer of internal rotation and, due to proximity to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), it may contribute to anterolateral rotatory stability. This study characterized the anatomy of the ALL and associated tissues of the anterolateral complex (ALC) to determine if structural and histological compensatory adaptations exist in patients without an ALL. Forty-nine cadaveric knees were dissected from distal-to-proximal using established landmarks with the aid of internal rotation stress to localize the ALL (if present), LCL, iliotibial band (ITB), and anterolateral capsule. The width and thickness of ALL and LCL were measured with digital calipers at the origin, middle, and insertion, and cross-sectional areas were calculated. ALL and LCL length and ITB thickness were also obtained. Samples of each tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red, and histological images were evaluated with ImageJ to quantify collagen density (mean gray value [mgv]) and quantity (percent coverage). Size measurements and collagen characteristics were compared between ALL-present and ALL-deficient knees. The ALL was identified in 63% of knees with mean cross-sectional areas of 8.9, 5.8, and 9.7 mm2 at the origin, middle, and insertion, respectively. Mean collagen density of the ALL was 106.9 mgv on a scale of 0 (black) to 255 (white), and overall collagen quantity was 40.3%. Proximal LCL width (p = 0.04), distal LCL thickness (p = 0.03), and cross-sectional area (p = 0.01), and ITB thickness (p = 0.02) were significantly greater in ALL-deficient knees. A significantly higher collagen density was found within the LCL (p = 0.04), and higher overall quantity of collagen within the LCL (p < 0.01) and ITB (p < 0.01), of ALL-deficient knees. Gross anatomical and histological alterations exist in knees without an ALL compared with those with an ALL. These may reflect adaptations in the ALC and LCL that are present to compensate for the absence of the anterolateral rotatory stability afforded by the ALL.
Insights from Ayurveda for Diabetes, Oral Health, and Their Interface
Authors: Thomas Biju , Bhalerao Supriya , Indurkar Maya , Vyas Manas V. , Mahajan Sameer , Ravishankar P. L. , Jain Ashish , Kumar Ashish , Grover Vishakha
Published: January 2025

Diabetes-related metabolic disturbances have a negative impact on oral health as well. The reciprocal relationship between periodontal health and glycemic management has been already established. Both these pose important concerns to public health, and need to be addressed carefully. Ayurveda, the Indian Traditional Medicine System, has dealt in detail with the pathophysiology and management of prameha (diabetes) as well as various oral diseases including dantamoola vyadhi (periodontal diseases). Interestingly, the causative factors for dantamoola vyadhi are greatly similar to those of prameha. Ayurveda propounds formulations such as triphala, which are reported to possess antihyperglycemic activity as well as antimicrobial activity. Hence, such formulations can prove helpful in the management of both these diseases. Considering the global upsurge in research on traditional medicines worldwide, it is the need of the hour to consider the role of Ayurveda in the oral health issues of diabetic patients. The present review discusses the Ayurvedic concepts of diabetes and periodontal health along with their management.
One Size Fits All? Employer Branding in Different Contexts
Authors: Hein Antonia Z. , Elving Wim J. L. , Koster Sierdjan , Edzes Arjen
Published: January 2025

With employer branding (EB), businesses aim to align their organizational norms with the norms of their current and prospective employees, and they explicitly communicate about the firm’s norms. Communication, however, carries different meanings depending on the context in which one operates. Also, the organizational norms may vary depending on the context, i.e., industry, different countries, and geographical context in which a firm operates. As such, the process of EB may be context-dependent, too. This study explores if and how EB is applied differently in different country and industry contexts. The analysis draws on a quantitative content analysis of 226 job vacancies targeted at highly educated graduates and professionals in IT, energy, and healthcare from the North of the Netherlands and comparable regions from Germany and Bulgaria. Our findings show that EB, as manifested in core values and distinctive characteristics, is not widely adopted in the vacancies we included in our analysis. When adopted, different values are emphasized depending on the context. General information and job-specific information are most frequent among all industries and countries. EB is a multidimensional concept with different dimensions used according to the context. The study’s main implication is that companies need to be mindful of the context in which an EB strategy is used. A one-size-fits-all approach in EB is likely not the most effective. This is particularly relevant for multinationals that adopt a worldwide organizational brand.
Visualization of resistive regions and active zones in narrow channels under non-Josephson generation conditions
Authors: Svetlov V. N. , Churilov G. E. , Dmitriev V. M. , Zhuravel’ A. P. , Konovodchenko V. A.
Published: January 2025

The laser-probe method is used to study the resistive state of narrow superconducting channels under conditions of generation of non-Josephson oscillations in them. It is proved for the first time through direct experiments that the generation begins in the resistive region of the phase-slip center upon the attainment of a certain threshold value of the current density. The structure of the resistive state is static in space under these conditions.
Cascade of field-induced phase transitions and properties of field-induced phases in highly anisotropic easy-plane magnetics
Authors: Onufrieva F. P.
Published: January 2025

Field-induced phase transitions, spin-ordering structure, spectrum of collective excitations, and thermodynamic properties of phases are studied in a ferromagnet with an easy-plane one-ion anisotropy in a transverse field for arbitrary values of spin. It is shown that only one of the collinear phases and one of noncollinear phases in the cascade have properties close to those of a ferromagnet.
Observation of possible localization effects in metal oxides by tunneling spectroscopy
Authors: Khachaturov A. I. , Belogolovskii M. A. , Svistunov V. M. , Tarenkov V. Yu.
Published: January 2025

A giant zero-bias anomaly is observed in the differential conductivity of tunnel junctions based on the La and Y ceramics that do not exhibit superconducting properties. This anomaly is ascribed to the disordering effects responsible for the transition of metal oxides to the normal state.
Evolution of strong acoustic pulses in metals in transverse magnetic fields
Authors: Demikhovskii V. Ya. , Kukushkin V. A.
Published: January 2025

Nonlinear evolution of acoustic pulses in metals is considered in a weak transverse magnetic field. It is assumed that the electron flight time across the pulse region is much shorter than the relaxation time τr, while the Larmor radius R of the electron orbit is much larger than the electron mean free path l and considerably exceeds the pulse length L. It is shown that the force exerted by the resonance particles on the lattice has singularities at those points of the pulse which lie at the boundary between the regions of movement of captured and reflected electrons. The peculiarities of the electron force are responsible for a specific evolution of an acoustic pulse in a magnetic field, manifested in the flattening of the potential hump at the peak and the formation of shock waves over the potential well. Similar peculiarities are also observed for a periodic sound wave in which they cause oscillations of the amplitude of the harmonics in a varying magnetic field. The values of the magnetic field for which the harmonic amplitudes have extremal values have been determined. The results of calculations are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
Point-contact spectroscopy of local electron excitations in metals
Authors: Kulik I. O. , Omel’yanchuk A. N. , Tuluzov I. G.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that local electron excitations associated with transitions between the levels of the f-shell of rare-earth ions in metals lead to a specific temperature dependence R(T) of the resistance and to the voltage dependence R(V) of the resistance in a point contact between bulky electrodes and rare-earth ions. The second derivative of the I–V characteristic contains two nonlinear contributions, one of which is due to the inelastic scattering of conduction electrons at the f-shell and allows a restoration of the f-level splitting spectrum by the crystalline field. The second nonlinear term appears due to the dependence of the occupation number of excitations on voltage. The regular lattice of rare-earth ions and a disordered solution of rare-earth impurities are considered. At high frequencies, the part of nonlinear conductivity associated with the “population spectroscopy” is separated from the inelastic part of the point-contact spectrum. The relation between R(T) and R(V) for s–f interaction is different from the case of electron–phonon interaction because the local electron excitations do not obey the Bose statistics.
Effect of x rays on superconducting transition characteristics in Y–Ba–Cu–O ceramics
Authors: Zhiglov Yu. S. , Zagoskin V. T. , Litvinenko Yu. G. , Mogilko É. T. , Ovechkin A. E. , Poltoratskii Yu. B. , Seminozhenko V. P.
Published: January 2025

The effect of x rays on the temperature and width of superconducting transitions in yttrium ceramics is studied. The dependence of the final temperature and the width of superconucting transitions on the irradiation dose is investigated for samples with different initial characteristics. The effect of high-temperature annealing on the indicated parameters of irradiated ceramics is analyzed.
Structure and anisotropy of electric resistance of twin-free single crystals of high-temperature superconductors YBa2−xSrxCu3O7−y
Authors: Verkin B. I. , Dmitriev V. M. , Dikin D. A. , Kosmyna M. B. , Mitkevich V. V. , Prikhod’ko O. P. , Prokopovich S. F. , Svetlov V. N. , Seminozhenko V. P. , Khristenko E. V. , Churilov G. E.
Published: January 2025

Upon a partial substitution of Sr for Ba in the YBa2−xSrxCu3O7−y system it was revealed that orthorhombic superconducting single crystals with x≃0.5−0.8 are free of the twin structure that is typical of pure barium crystals with x = 0. The anisotropy in electric resistance was studied at room temperature in the directions a, b, and c for nonsuperconducting tetragonal, superconducting orthorhombic twin-free and superconducting orthorhomibic twin single crystals.
Effect of pressure on “high-temperature” oscillation period of magnetoresistance in bismuth
Authors: Budarin A. G. , Venttsel’ V. A. , Rudnev A. V. , Bogod Yu. A. , Krasovitskii Vit. B.
Published: January 2025

Baric coefficients of frequency of high-temperature oscillations (HTO) and Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations are measured under true hydrostatic conditions. It is shown that the baric coefficients of extreme cross sections of the Fermi surfaces in bismuth in the pressure range from 0 to 0.14 kbar differ from the extrapolated data obtained in chambers with a fixed pressure. The effect of uniform compression on the HTO period is explained in terms of theoretical concepts according to which the HTO are associated with intervalley quasi-elastic scattering of charge carriers at the zone edges.
Point-contact spectroscopy of superconducting YBaCuO single crystals of tetragonal modification
Authors: Yanson I. K. , Rybal’chenko L. F. , Fisun V. V. , Bobrov N. L. , Demirskii V. V. , Mitkevich V. V.
Published: January 2025

The point-contact spectra of tetragonal YBa2Cu3O7–δ with Tc = 50−60 K are studied at various temperatures. The single-electron energy (2Δ0/kTc≃l7) and its temperature dependence are determined. The characteristic energies of quasiparticle excitations interacting with conduction electrons in this high-Tc superconductor are found to correlate with the characteristic phonon energies. The possibility of a pair gap, which increases with temperature, is revealed near the critical temperature.
Superconductivity and localization in YBa2Cu3Ox system
Authors: Moshchalkov V. V. , Muttik I. G. , Samarin N. A. , Tret’yakov Yu. D. , Kaul’ A. R. , Graboi I. E. , Metlin Yu. G.
Published: January 2025

A metal-insulator transition of the Anderson type with the critical behavior of conductivity σT→0(x)∝x−xcν/xc(v≃1) is observed in YBa2Cu3Ox with an oxygen concentration x = 6.35. The activation energies of conductivity σ(T) and of thermopower S(T) are found to be different.
Temperature anomalies in the parameters of γ-resonance spectrum of YBa2Cu3O7−δ: the effect of weakly bound oxygen
Authors: Checherskii V. D. , Eremenko V. V. , Finkel’ V. A. , Kaner N. É.
Published: January 2025

Temperature dependences of the Mössbauer spectrum parameters for 57Fe impurity in YBa2Cu3O7−δ are studied in the temperature range from 20 to 300 K. Anomalies in the temperature behavior of areas and thermal shifts of subspectra corresponding to the positions of Cu1 and Cu2 are observed. The results are explained by changes in the population density of oxygen positions O(4) and O(5).
Rearrangement of emission spectra of the oxygen subsystem in Y–Ba–Cu near the superconducting transition
Authors: Fugol’ I. Ya. , Samovarov V. N. , Rybalko Yu. I. , Zhuravlev V. M.
Published: January 2025

Luminescence investigations of the temperature behavior of Y–Ba–Cu superconducting samples excited by an electron beam are carried out. Narrow-band peaks at 3.3 eV and wide-band maxima near 3.1 and 2.5 eV associated with oxygen–copper subsystem are singled out in the emission spectrum. It is found that at the superconducting transition point Tc, the rearrangement of the emission spectrum takes place: the narrow-band peaks are abruptly suppressed, the intensity in the 2.6 eV band is enhanced, and atomic lines of neutral oxygen emerge (atomic oxygen is expelled from the sample). The observed changes in the electron spectrum of Y–Ba–Cu together with hysteresis effects in the temperature dependence of radiation confirm the energy and structure arrangement of the oxygen subsystem at Tc, which is a phase transition of the second kind close to the first.
Nanoscale self-assembly and water retention properties of silk fibroin–riboflavin hydrogel
Authors: Kumari Aarti , K P Ganiya Shirin , Saharay Moumita
Published: January 2025

Silk-fibroin hydrogels have gained considerable attention in recent years for their versatile biomedical applications. The physical properties of a complex hydrogel, comprising silk fibroin and riboflavin, surpass those of the silk fibroin-hydrogel without additives. This study investigates silk fibroin–riboflavin (silk–RIB) hydrogel at the atomistic level to uncover molecular structures and chemical characteristics specific to silk fibroin and riboflavin molecules in an aqueous medium. The interplay between hydrophilic riboflavin and hydrophobic silk fibroin polymers facilitates the formation of solubilized silk fiber, which subsequently evolves into a nano-scale hydrogel over time. Eventually, the interlinked RIB stacks form a scaffold that not only accommodates silk fibroin aggregates but also encloses water pockets, preserving the moisture level and enhancing the thermal conductivity of the hydrogel. To explore water retention properties and the role of ions, two sets of simulations of semi-hydrated hydrogel in the presence and absence of ions are conducted. The presence of ions significantly influences the dynamics of RIB and silk fibroin. Favorable interactions with the ions impede the unrestricted diffusion of these larger molecules, potentially leading to a stable structure capable of retaining water for a prolonged duration. The complete removal of water results in further shrinkage of the anhydrous silk–RIB hydrogel or xerogel (XG), yet its porosity and structural integrity remain intact. These findings offer valuable insights into the behavior of silk fibroin hydrogel and XG, paving the way for materials engineering in aqueous environments to develop biomedical devices with customized functional properties.
Fast prediction of coupled oil and environment temperature fields during shutdown of buried waxy crude oil pipelines using neural networks
Authors: Li Qifu , Zhou Chaoqun , Yan Feng , Xu Jingyan , Ji Mingyang , Gong Junhua , Chen Yujie , Zhao Yunpeng , Han Dongxu , Wang Peng
Published: January 2025

During the shutdown of buried pipelines carrying hot waxy-rich crude oil, the temperature is likely to drop below the pour point due to heat loss to the surrounding soil environment. This drop can lead to gelation incidents, resulting in significant economic losses. Therefore, in this study, fast prediction models for coupled oil and environment temperature fields during buried pipeline shutdowns are presented, utilizing the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) network and U-shaped network (UNet). Transient oil and environment temperature fields at the pipeline cross sections are calculated by inputting the shutdown time, the coordinates of the environment temperature field at the pipeline cross section, and boundary conditions. The numerical results are employed to train both the FNO and UNet models. Accurate and fast predictions of oil and environment temperature fields are achieved within 0.5 s for both models, with the FNO model showing slightly better performance in terms of prediction accuracy and efficiency. A root mean square error of 0.015 is maintained for environment temperature predictions, and oil temperature predictions maintain relative errors below 5.0 × 10−4. In four test datasets, the relative prediction errors for oil temperature are kept on the order of 10−3, indicating strong generalization capabilities. Regarding computational efficiency, an acceleration ratio of 1563–2250 is achieved by the UNet model compared to traditional numerical methods, while the FNO model improves this ratio to 2016–2806. These findings offer essential guidelines for the safe shutdown and restart operations of buried wax-rich crude oil pipelines.
Simulation of dynamic response changes in curved river flow under landslide-induced surge wave influence
Authors: Wang Meili , Zhang Jisheng , Tian Ye , Yang Shengfa , Wang Pingyi
Published: January 2025

This article uses a three-dimensional loose rock landslide surge model test in shallow water areas under dynamic water conditions to study the dynamic response characteristics of river flow. Based on the observation of the changes in the flow field and morphology of the river surface before and after the landslide body enters the water using a large-scale surface flow field measurement system, the changes in the river flow conditions under the influence of landslide surges are divided into four main stages: normal water flow state, landslide inflow disturbance state, wave current coupling motion state, and accumulation body ejection state. According to the acoustic Doppler velocimeter flowmeter arranged at the intersection of the initial surge waveform centerline and the mainstream flow direction, the three-dimensional velocity time-domain process near the water surface is measured and analyzed. Based on different cross sections and measuring points in the landslide area and its upstream and downstream, a non-steady flow propeller flowmeter and an ultrasonic wave/water level acquisition analyzer were arranged to measure and reveal the longitudinal and transverse flow velocity distribution and water surface line variation of the river under the influence of landslide surge.
Mutational analysis of an antimalarial drug target,
Pf
ATP4
Authors: Rachuri Swaksha , Nepal Binod , Shukla Anurag , Ramanathan Aarti , Morrisey Joanne M. , Daly Thomas , Mather Michael W. , Bergman Lawrence W. , Kortagere Sandhya , Vaidya Akhil B.
Published: January 2025

Among new antimalarials discovered over the past decade are multiple chemical scaffolds that target
Plasmodium falciparum
P-type ATPase (
Pf
ATP4). This essential protein is a Na
+
pump responsible for the maintenance of Na
+
homeostasis.
Pf
ATP4 belongs to the type 2D subfamily of P-type ATPases, for which no structures have been determined. To gain better insight into the structure/function relationship of this validated drug target, we generated a homology model of
Pf
ATP4 based on sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
ATPase, a P2A-type ATPase, and refined the model using molecular dynamics in its explicit membrane environment. This model predicted several residues in
Pf
ATP4 critical for its function, as well as those that impart resistance to various
Pf
ATP4 inhibitors. To validate our model, we developed a genetic system involving merodiploid states of
Pf
ATP4 in which the endogenous gene was conditionally expressed, and the second allele was mutated to assess its effect on the parasite. Our model predicted residues involved in Na
+
coordination as well as the phosphorylation cycle of
Pf
ATP4. Phenotypic characterization of these mutants involved assessment of parasite growth, localization of mutated
Pf
ATP4, response to treatment with known
Pf
ATP4 inhibitors, and evaluation of the downstream consequences of Na
+
influx. Our results were consistent with modeled predictions of the essentiality of the critical residues. Additionally, our approach confirmed the phenotypic consequences of resistance-associated mutations as well as a potential structural basis for the fitness cost associated with some mutations. Taken together, our approach provides a means to explore the structure/function relationship of essential genes in haploid organisms.
An organic electrochemical neuron for a neuromorphic perception system
Authors: Yao Yao , Pankow Robert M. , Huang Wei , Wu Cui , Gao Lin , Cho Yongjoon , Chen Jianhua , Zhang Dayong , Sharma Sakshi , Liu Xiaoxue , Wang Yuyang , Peng Bo , Chung Sein , Cho Kilwon , Fabiano Simone , Ye Zunzhong , Ping Jianfeng , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio
Published: January 2025

Human perception systems are highly refined, relying on an adaptive, plastic, and event-driven network of sensory neurons. Drawing inspiration from Nature, neuromorphic perception systems hold tremendous potential for efficient multisensory signal processing in the physical world; however, the development of an efficient artificial neuron with a widely calibratable spiking range and reduced footprint remains challenging. Here, we report an efficient organic electrochemical neuron (OECN) with reduced footprint (<37 mm
2
) based on high-performance vertical OECT (vOECT) complementary circuitry enabled by an advanced n-type polymer for balanced p-/n-type vOECT performance. The OECN exhibits outstanding neuronal characteristics, capable of producing spikes with a widely calibratable state-of-the art firing frequency range of 0.130 to 147.1 Hz. Leveraging this capability, we develop a neuromorphic perception system that integrates mechanical sensors with the OECN and integrates them with an artificial synapse for tactile perception. The system successfully encodes tactile stimulations into frequency-dependent spikes, which are further converted into postsynaptic responses. This bioinspired design demonstrates significant potential to advance cyborg and neuromorphic systems, providing them with perceptual capabilities.
2D biphenylene: exciting properties, synthesis & applications
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Pratap Surender , Chakraborty Brahmananda
Published: January 2025

In the current era of nanotechnology, the isolation of graphene has acted as a catalyst for the study and creation of many innovative two-dimensional (2D) materials with distinctive functions. The recent synthesis of biphenylene (BPN), a porous 2D carbon allotrope, has ignited significant research interest due to its unique and tunable properties, making it a promising candidate for diverse applications in hydrogen storage, batteries, sensing, electrocatalysis, and beyond. Although a considerable amount of research has been carried out on BPN, there is hardly any review article on this fascinating material. Therefore, this comprehensive review article focuses on the fascinating properties of the advanced graphene family and 2D BPN. Additionally, there has been an in-depth discussion on 2D BPN, covering its synthesis process, recent advancements, and its applications in various fields. Moreover, this review will be useful to professionals and researchers in materials science, physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, and related subjects since it provides detailed information on the characteristics, synthesis, and applications of 2D BPN.
3D LiDAR SLAM for natural guided navigation of automated guided vehicles in unstructured scenes
Authors: Wang Ziyang , Tang Xianxing , Zhou Haibo , Xiao Linjiao , Duan Ji’an
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a 3D Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) simultaneous localization and mapping system for indoor unstructured scenes to improve the robustness and accuracy of automated guided vehicles. First, in the point cloud preprocessing stage, a curve voxel clustering method considering rarity point clouds is proposed, which effectively distinguishes adjacent objects while handling outliers, and achieves accurate clustering of rarity point clouds. Next, in the feature extraction stage, a curvature evaluation method based on principal component analysis is used to ensure the quality of feature extraction through the invariance of viewpoint and distance. Finally, a two-stage degeneration compensation strategy based on a recursive noise estimation adaptive Kalman filter is proposed, which significantly improves pose estimation accuracy by integrating LiDAR and an inertial measurement unit. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves outstanding performance on the KITTI dataset, with average relative translation error and rotation error RMSE maintained at 0.7922% and 0.7513 deg/100 m, respectively. Additionally, the method achieves over 40% accuracy improvement in real indoor environments compared to LeGO-LOAM.
Primordial perturbations in Type III hilltop inflation models
Authors: Lin Chia-Min , Nalla Harish Dhananjay , Yeh Chen-Pin , Lee Da-Shin
Published: January 2025

We analytically compute the power spectrum of primordial curvature perturbations in Type III hilltop inflation models under the slow-roll approximation. The model parameters are constrained using current Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data. The curvature perturbations that exit the horizon at small scales show sufficiently large amplitudes to produce primordial black holes (PBHs). We then consider the quantum one-loop corrections in these models from both the self-interaction of the inflaton and its interaction with the waterfall field. We show the loop corrections in both cases for 60 e-folds of inflation are negligible, ensuring the tree-level results are reliable within the chosen parameter regime.
Toward a test of Gaussianity of a gravitational wave background
Authors: Bernardo Reginald Christian , Appleby Stephen , Ng Kin-Wang
Published: January 2025

The degree of Gaussianity of a field offers insights into its cosmological nature, and its
statistical properties serve as indicators of its Gaussianity. In this work, we examine the
signatures of Gaussianity in a gravitational wave background (GWB) by analyzing the cumulants of
the one- and two-point functions of the relevant observable, using pulsar timing array (PTA)
simulations as a proof-of-principle. This appeals to the ongoing debate about the source of the
spatially-correlated common-spectrum process observed in PTAs, which is likely associated with a
nanohertz stochastic GWB. We investigate the distribution of the sample statistics of the
one-point function in the presence of a Gaussian GWB. Our results indicate that, within PTAs,
one-point statistics are impractical for constraining the Gaussianity of the nanohertz GWB due to
dominant pulsar noises. However, our analysis of two-point statistics shows promise, suggesting
that it may be possible to constrain the Gaussianity of the nanohertz GWB using PTA data. We also
emphasize that the Gaussian signatures identified in the one- and two-point functions in this work
are expected to be applicable to any gravitational wave background.
Pressure-Promoted Ligand to Metal Energy Transfer for Emission Enhancement of [Tb2(BDC)3(DMF)2(H2O)2]n Metal-Organic Framework
Authors: Yang Yunfeng , Yuan Kaiyan , Yang Binhao , Yang Qing , Wang Yixuan , Yang Xinyi
Published: January 2025

Lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) have received extensive attention in the development of photoluminescent (PL) materials due to their stable structures and unique line-like emission spectroscopic properties. However, in order to prepare Ln-MOFs with high PL quantum yield (PLQY), further improving the sensitization efficiency of the “antenna effect” is essential. Herein, remarkably enhanced PL in [Tb2(BDC)3(DMF)2(H2O)2]n MOF is successfully achieved via high-pressure engineering at room temperature. Notably, the PL intensity continues to increase with the pressure increases, reaching its peak at 12.0 GPa, which is 4.4 times compared to the initial state. Detailed experimental and theoretical calculations have demonstrated that pressure engineering significantly narrows the bandgap of [Tb2(BDC)3(DMF)2(H2O)2]n, optimizing both singlet and triplet energy levels. Ultimately, higher “antenna effect” sensitization efficiency is achieved by promoting intersystem crossing and energy transfer processes. Our work provides a promising strategy for the development of high PLQY Ln-MOFs.
All-polarization asymmetric silicon nitride photonic crystal slab waveguides by combining a single-polarization bandgap and birefringence
Authors: Hou Jin , Wan Qingqing , Deng Yaoyu , Citrin D S , Qu Yu , Long Hao , Yang Chunyong , Chen Shaoping
Published: January 2025

Photonic crystal (PhD) waveguides on the silicon nitride (Si
x
N
y
) platform currently are only capable of transmitting a single light polarization, severely limiting polarization diversity applications. In this work, we propose a scheme that combines a single-polarization photonic band gap (SPBG) formed by the first two bands with the same polarization, along with large birefringence between the first two bands with different polarizations. In simple terms, one polarization in the PhC slab waveguide is guided by the SPBG, while the other polarization is index guided, and overlap between the frequency bands for the two polarizations in which propagation is forbidden, dubbed the no-polarization-mode region (NMR), tuned by the aspect ratio of PhC slabs. This approach theoretically achieves PhC waveguides on asymmetric Si
x
N
y
slabs that guide both polarizations within the NMR. Three-dimensional (3D) planewave-method calculations show that through simple adjustment of the aspect ratio of the PhC slab, the first two bands with different polarizations can be adjusted to be shifted in frequency to form the NMR, where neither TE- nor TM-like modes can propagate along the in-plane directions. The NMR is then systematically investigated and optimized for various refractive indices and slab thicknesses, and using the optimized-NMR design, line-defect waveguides supporting propagation of both polarizations are theoretically demonstrated. A 3D finite-difference time-domain simulation shows that an all-polarization (AP) bandwidth as large as 180 nm can be obtained in an optimized PhC waveguide with Si
x
N
y
refractive index of 2.4, which can be tuned by x and y. In addition, our investigation shows that an NMR can also be obtained in an asymmetric rod-type PhC slab even when the refractive index is as low as 1.8, offering significant flexibility in engineering of the structure and refractive index of AP devices on Si
x
N
y
and, by extension, in other moderate-index platforms.
Ag@AgCl nanocomposites: green synthesis using Ixora Coccinea leaf extract and applicability as photocatalyst
Authors: Tran Khanh Han , Nguyen Tuyet Nga , Nguyen Thi Tuyet Mai , Pham Van Thang , Tran Thanh Thai , Nguyen Cong Tu , Luu Thi Lan Anh
Published: January 2025

Ag@AgCl nanocomposites were synthesized via green and facile method using silver nitrate (AgNO3) and Ixora Coccinea leaf extract as precursors without using any other agent or chemical. The phytochemicals present in the Ixora Coccinea leaf extract were used as a reducing agent and the Cl− ion source. The effect of the AgNO3 concentration on nanocomposites’ crystallinity, average grain size, and the ratio between Ag and AgCl in nanocomposites was evaluated through UV–Vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The results imply that with an AgNO3 concentration of 0.04 M, Ag@AgCl nanocomposite shows the highest crystallinity and most balance ratio between Ag and AgCl. The photocatalytic activity of Ag@AgCl nanocomposite prepared with 0.04-M AgNO3 solution was investigated against organic dyes (Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue, Congo Red) and textile dyeing wastewater. The photocatalytic results show that, with 20 mg of Ag@AgCl nanocomposite, the Rhodamine B degradation efficiency reaches the highest value of 99.62% after about one hour under visible light irradiation. The Rhodamine B photo-degradation kinetic of Ag@AgCl nanocomposite is well described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Ag@AgCl nanocomposite also shows high photodegradation efficiency with Methylene Blue, Congo Red dyes, and textile dyeing wastewater. These results imply that green-synthesized Ag@AgCl using Ixora Coccinea leaf extract is a promising candidate for photocatalytic applications.
Flexible printed circuit board for biomolecule weight sensing
Authors: Ulgaz Sena , Yilmaz Berkay , Aygül Beril , Gökalp Akcan Ö , Erdil Kuter , Daǧhan Gökdel Y
Published: January 2025

This work presents the design, implementation, and characterization of a piezoresistive force sensor integrated into a flexible printed circuit board (FlexPCB). We propose a flexPCB-based MEMS sensing system with graphite as the sensing element and polyimide as the principal substrate material, intended for disposable and low-cost applications. The sensor, which was manufactured using a conventional PCB technique and silk-screen printing, can detect biomolecules attached to nanomagnetic particles with an apparent weight of 0.209 V/V · mg−1 when exposed to an applied magnetic field. Within a detection range of 0–80 µg, the sensor delivers a resolution of 10 µg and a limit of detection of 21.16 µg. While the detection limit reflects the weight of the nanomagnetic particle, the actual sensitivity to the biomolecule is substantially higher, allowing the system to detect lower biomolecule quantities effectively.
Role of agro waste in geopolymer concrete: strength, durability and microstructural properties
Authors: Tipraj B , Athira K , Shanmuga Priya T
Published: January 2025

The reduction of the carbon footprint and the preservation of natural raw materials in the construction industry is crucial for the improvement of the environment. Geopolymer is a novel approach that has recently come to the limelight for sustainable and greener construction development due to its lower greenhouse gas emissions. This study focuses on utilizing industrial waste products like Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), Sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), and Micronized biomass silica (MBS) for the production of geopolymer concrete. The geopolymer concrete’s performance is assessed by testing various combinations of materials at different percentages to measure compressive and flexural strength, water absorption, water sorptivity, Rapid Chloride ion Penetration test (RCPT), carbonation, resistance to acid attack, and characteristics studies. The results revealed that the combination of 10% of SBA and 8% of MBS on GGBS-based geopolymer improves strength and durability compared to the control mix. The role of MBS has been highlighted, which serves its purpose by densifying the matrix by extending C-S-H gel formation and filling voids caused by incorporating SBA, which is validated through characterization studies—feasibility of agro waste in the geopolymer production.
Comparing indoor and outdoor temperature and air pollution at an urban cooling center: a multiyear case study
Authors: Mendoza Daniel L , Crosman Erik T , Anderson Corbin , Chaudhari Mamta , Gonzales Shawn A
Published: January 2025

Anthropogenic climate change and urbanization have resulted in increasing needs to provide public health protection from the hazards of elevated PM2.5, elevated ozone and extreme heat (or cold) to the public. This is a particularly urgent issue for sensitive groups that are most subject to these hazards, such as the elderly, children, health compromised, and homeless populations. In this study, we compare the indoor versus outdoor temperature and air pollution levels between 17 May 2022 and 31 October 2023 in Salt Lake City, Utah at an older (Northwest Recreation Center) and newer building (Northwest Community Center). Differences between indoor and outdoor ozone were pronounced, with mean indoor ozone being generally ∼40% of outdoor values. Indoor PM2.5 concentrations compared to outdoor value show seasonal variability and were up to 200% higher during wildfires compared to indoor concentration during wintertime inversion events. We found that the older building was less protective against ozone and wildfire PM2.5 pollution than the newer building. Future research could focus on characterizing and quantifying the impact of building age, insulation, and mechanical ventilation on indoor pollutant migration and separate these factors from human activity.
Epilogue
Authors: Scheffler Samuel
Published: January 2025

The influence on our lives of contingent events and circumstances has often been seen as posing a threat of some kind to our agency or our self-understanding. The epilogue considers two versions of the threat. Both are themes in the work of Thomas Nagel. The first, more familiar version is about our lack of control, which may seem to jeopardize our happiness, freedom, or moral subjecthood. The second is about our particularity: our identities are to a great extent defined by the specific circumstances of our existence, and this can seem incongruous with the character of our reflective dispositions and capacities. It is argued that from the perspective of the attachment-sensitive conception developed in this book, the first version poses only a limited threat, while the second does not register as a threat at all.