bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autogestão e Práticas Organizacionais Transformadoras: Contribuições a Partir de um Caso Empírico
Authors: Pinheiro Daniel Calbino , Paes de Paula Ana Paula
Published: June 2016

O avanço das iniciativas coletivistas de trabalho tem alcançado amplo destaque nas últimas décadas, o que justifica a importância de discussões que contribuam com suas formas de organização. É neste sentido, que o presente trabalho teve por objetivo trazer aportes para fomentar a discussão da autogestão nas organizações solidárias. Para tal, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura, bem como, recorreu-se a uma pesquisa participante em uma organização coletivista da Venezuela, com o intuito de elucidar exemplos empíricos que possam aprofundar na fundamentação de práticas da organização do trabalho nos empreendimentos solidários.
Mecanismos Sociais na Regulação de Operações Financeiras em Cooperativas de Crédito
Authors: Freitas Alair Ferreira de , Amodeo Nora Beatriz Presno , Freitas Alan Ferreira de
Published: June 2016

Tomando como objeto de estudo as cooperativas de crédito rural do sistema Ecosol em Minas Gerais, este artigo buscou analisar como mecanismos sociais interferem na operacionalização de serviços financeiros nestas organizações. Confiança, reputação e redes sociais, mobilizados para o monitoramento e controle do crédito nas cooperativas, assumem a forma de estruturas de governança, concepções de controle e normas de transação que permitem aos atores construírem padrões de relacionamento financeiro. A proximidade é uma característica considerável que permeia as dinâmicas relacionais nestas organizações e de suas interações nos mercados
Práticas de gestão e destinação dos recursos financeiros em Secretarias Municipais da Educação e escolas públicas municipais de ensino fundamental: um estudo multicaso
Authors: Salgado Junior Alexandre Pereira , Chiaretti Novi Juliana
Published: June 2016

O objetivo foi identificar as melhores práticas que contribuam na gestão dos gastosfinanceiros em Secretarias Municipais da Educação (SME) e escolas públicasmunicipais, para o desempenho dos alunos na Prova Brasil. Para tanto, foiutilizada a metodologia proposta por Salgado Junior (2013), onde a escolha eseleção das escolas é realizada por meio da técnica da Análise Envoltória deDados (DEA), que as classifica como eficientes e ineficientes, ou seja, em“alto” e “baixo” desempenho de seus alunos, dentro de variáveis input-output previamente estabelecidas.Após, as escolas consideradas ineficientes são escolhidas por julgamento econveniência. Na segunda etapa, são realizados estudos de múltiplos casos.Espera-se, contribuir na gestão e destinação dos recursos financeiros para odesempenho dos alunos de escolas municipais do ensino fundamental.
X-Ray Diffraction and Density Distribution Measurements on the Al2O3 Crystals Grown by Czochralski Method with Different Pull Rate
Authors: Hadi Kusuma Hamdan
Published: June 2016

The Al2O3 crystal has been done by Czochralki Method with different pull rate. The effect of pull rate on the Al2O3 single crystal was characterized using X-ray diffraction and density measurement. Base on the XRD result of Al2O3 crystal, which belongs to the hexagonal system, except for the difference in the relative intensity, present diffraction data which are found to be in good agreement with those of the powder diffraction file (PDF) 43-1484 provided by the JCPDS. It was observed the structure with symmetry group D63d–R3C and has lattice constants being a = 4.759 Å, c = 12.99 Å. The density of the crystals increased with the pull rate. This phenomenon is caused by the speed of the pull rate crystal that causes changes in the heat flow in the furnace and then changed homogeneities of species distribution of atoms along the crystal. © 2015 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.
SUFI ORDER IN MALAYSIA: A Historical Approach of Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah Ṭarīqah in Kelantan
Authors: Sa'ari Che Zarrina , Borhan Joni Tamkin , Ab Majid Mohd Kamil , Sahad Mohd Nizam , Hamid Solahuddin Abdul
Published: June 2016

The article is a research paper, attempts to describe a development of Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah Order (ṭarīqah) including its organization with reference to the state of Kelantan. The approach of this study is historical, comparative  and critical and its concentrations are as follows: a historical background of the Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah Order; the emergence of the Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah Order in the state of Kelantan. The study wills briefly discuss about the founder and the early development of the Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah Order. Therefore, the article  will comprehensively explain about the emergence of the Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah Order into the state of Kelantan which two suggestions of whom, how and when it was brought  to the state. The explanation  will focus too on islamic scholars in Kelantan who had a relationship with this order, either directly or indirectly in order to get an accurate view of it. Finally it will come to conclusion.
LAṬĀ’IF THEORY IN THE TAREKAT QĀDIRIYYAH WA NAQSYABANDIYYAH: With Special Reference to Kyai Muslih al-Marāqī’s Concep
Authors: Widodo Aris
Published: June 2016

This article tries to unearth a concept of laṭā’if exposed by Kyai Muslih al-Marāqī, a prominent figure in the Tarekat Qādiriyyah wa Naqsyabandiyyah (TQN). To unfold his laṭā’if concept, this study proceeds in two steps: firstly, describing his concept of laṭā’if by referring  to  three  works  of him, viz.  ‘Umdah al-Sālik, al-Futūḥāt al- Rabbāniyyah, and Risalah Tuntunan  Ṭarīqah;  secondly, tracing  the sources of his laṭā’if concept by pointing to the previous works he referred to. Besides, this study also spells out the addition and modification of his concept compared to the previous concepts. Using the heretofore  mentioned procedure, this study comes up with the following findings. First, Muslih exposes five aspects concerning laṭā’if, namely, its number, its place in human  body, its relationship  with nafs, with dhikr, and with murāqabah. Second, in formulating  his laṭā’if concept, he refers to the works of Ahmad Khatib Sambas, al-Nawawi al-Bantani, and Muhammad Amin al-Kurdi. This means that  his laṭā’if concept has not only genealogical  root with the concepts of prominent  figures  from  the  same  Sufi Order  (TQN),  but  with  the  concept  of prominent figure from other Sufi Order as well (Naqsyabandiyyah). Finally, his laṭā’if concept—its number, its place, its relationship with nafs, dhikr, and murāqabah—in some cases is just the same with the previous concepts, but in some other cases is different from them. In this light, Muslih sometimes made addition and modification.
AGAMA DAN POLITIK: TEOLOGI PEMBEBASAN SEBAGAI ARENA PROFETISASI AGAMA
Authors: Jati Wasisto Raharjo
Published: June 2016

This article aims to analyze the comparative study of the liberation theology perspective. The notion of liberation theology is a form of transformative theology that concerned within issues of equality and social justice. The relationship amidst religion and politics is reciprocal due to there are conflicts of interest between both entities. Emergence of liberation theology itself arises because of the politicization of religion has become more acute and chronic so it needs to be transformed. The thought of liberation theology is basically grown in the famous case of Latin America with the spirit church of the poor. However, within Islam, it also found a similar essence that Islam also teaches that there egalitarianism, equality, and social justice. Article will elaborate about this comparison of liberation theology.

***
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis studi perbandingan perspektif teologi pembebasan. Gagasan teologi pembebasan adalah suatu bentuk teologi trans­formatif yang bersangkutan dalam isu-isu kesetaraan dan keadilan sosial. Hubungan di tengah-tengah agama dan politik adalah timbal balik karena ada konflik kepentingan antara kedua entitas. Munculnya teologi pembebasan itu sendiri timbul karena adanya politisasi agama telah menjadi lebih akut dan kronis sehingga perlu diubah. Pikiran teologi pembebasan pada dasarnya tumbuh dalam kasus terkenal Amerika Latin dengan semangat gereja kaum miskin. Namun, dalam Islam, itu juga menemukan esensi yang sama bahwa Islam juga mengajarkan bahwa ada egalitarianisme, kesetaraan, dan keadilan sosial. Pasal akan menguraikan tentang perbandingan ini teologi pembebasan.
MEMBACA GERAKAN ISLAM RADIKAL DAN DERADIKALISASI GERAKAN ISLAM
Authors: Ahyar Muzayyin
Published: June 2016

This study focussed on many radical Islamic movements in Solo as the objects of research, especially the Islamic movements oftenly called as Tim Hisbah. Applying the approach of political sociology, this research will capture that phenomenons of religious radicalism are not merely problem of religious ideology, but also socio-political problem. Frammed by the social theories such as the theory of identity and social movements, included political opportunity structure, framing process, and the mobilizing structure this study showed that radicalism is an effort to establish identity by utilizing mass network (Muslim), mobilization, framing process, and advantaging political opportunities (democratic nature). In addition to relate to religious de-radicalization in Indonesia, this research argued that Islamic radicalism is not only a religious phenomenon that must be solved solely by de-radicalization of Islamic thought and ideology, but also a phenomenon that can be discussed by other sciences such as social, political and economic sciences.

***
Penelitian ini mengangkat gerakan Islam di Solo sebagai objek kajian, khususnya pada gerakan yang sering disebut Tim Hisbah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi politik, penelitian ini berusaha menangkap fenomena radikalisme agama bukan sepenuhnya gejala ideologi keagamaan, namun juga sebagai gejala sosial-politik. Penelitian ini akan dipandu oleh teori-teori sosial seperti teori identitas dan gerakan sosial meliputi kesempatan politik (political opportunity structure), struktur pembingkaian (framing process), dan struktur mobilisasi (mobilizing structure). Temuan dari penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa radikalisme adalah sebuah upaya membentuk identitas dengan menggunakan jejaring massa (Islam), dan memanfaatkan peluang politik (alam demokratis), mobilisasi dan proses pem­bingkaian. Dalam kaitannya dengan deradikalisasi, penelitian ini juga mem­bahas bahwa radikalisme bukan hanya fenomena keagamaan, yang mana per­masalahannya harus dipecahkan dengan deradikalisasi pemikiran dan ideo­logi Islam. Ia juga fenomena yang dapat dikaji melalui ilmu-ilmu lainnya seperti ilmu sosial, politik dan bahkan ekonomi.
PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN ASWAJA SEBAGAI STRATEGI DERADIKALISASI
Authors: Naim Ngainun
Published: June 2016

This study discussed about the role of Aswaja lesson in the efforts of de-radicalization. Radicalization had been more and more evolved since after the fall of New Order. Reformation Era opened wide varieties of expression, included religious expression. The development of radicalization led to widespread of social unrest. Responses appeared, included using the counter-ideology. Aswaja was believed as being able to prevent the proliferation of radicalization. The data presented in this article was derived from observation, interview and review of the literature related to the topic of writing. The argument developed in this paper is that the reconstruction and actualization of the values contained in Aswaja might be personally internalized firmly. An important strategy that might be applyed to disseminate and internalize Aswaja is through education. In the schools in which applying Aswaja lesson, students had the opportunity to have a moderate religious understanding and avoid radicalization.

***
Penelitian ini mengulas tentang peranan pelajaran Aswaja dalam usaha de­radikalisasi. Radikalisasi semakin berkembang pasca jatuhnya Orde Baru. Era Reformasi membuka lebar berbagai bentuk ekspresi, termasuk ekspresi keber­agamaan. Semakin berkembangnya radikalisasi memunculkan keresahan masya­rakat secara luas. Berbagai respons pun muncul, di antaranya melalui counter-ideologi. Aswaja diyakini dapat mencegah tumbuh suburnya radikalisasi. Data yang disajikan dalam artikel ini berasal dari observasi, wawancara dan tela­ah literatur yang berkaitan dengan topik tulisan. Argumen yang dibangun dalam tulisan ini adalah rekonstruksi dan aktualisasi nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalam Aswaja dapat terinternalisasi secara kokoh dalam diri seseorang. Stra­tegi penting yang dapat ditempuh untuk sosialisasi dan internalisasi Aswaja adalah melalui jalur pendidikan. Di sekolah-sekolah yang mengaplikasi mata pelajaran Aswaja, para siswanya memiliki peluang untuk memiliki pemahaman keagamaan yang moderat dan terhindar dari arus radikalisasi.
DISKURSUS DERADIKALISASI AGAMA: POLA RESISTENSI PESANTREN TERHADAP GERAKAN RADIKAL
Authors: Muhammad Hasyim , Anwar Khoirul , Elizabeth Misbah Zulfa
Published: June 2016

Pesantren had a specific perspective related to religious radicalism and violence. The purpose of this study is to uncover the discourse of radicalism and de-radicalization in Pesantren Soko Tunggal Semarang. Applying the qualitative research, it was revealed that Pesantren Soko Tunggal against all forms of violence in the name of religion. According to Pesantren Soko Tunggal radical movements in the name of religion is a form of misunderstanding of the religion. Islamic radicalism is generally based on the Wahhabi’s understanding, so that attitudes and behavior are influenced by the teachings of Wahhabi. In the view of Wahabism heresy in religion is a form of desecration and denial that must be fought. Pesantren assumed that Pancasila and UUD 1945 is a form of actual enforcement of Islamic law due to Pesantren Soko Tunggal kept to preserve the values of moderatism and develop a peaceful multicultural life.

***

Pesantren memiliki perspektif tersendiri terhadap radikalisme agama dan ke­kerasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap wacana radikalisme dan deradikalisasi di Pesantren Soko Tunggal Semarang. Dengan menggunakan pen­dekatan kualitatif penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pesantren Soko Tunggal me­nentang segala bentuk kekerasan atas nama agama. Dalam pandangan Pe­santren Soko Tunggal bahwa gerakan radikal atas nama agama merupakan bentuk ke­salah­­pahaman agama. Islam radikal umumnya didasarkan pada pe­mahaman Wahabi, sehingga sikap dan perilaku dipengaruhi oleh Wahabi. Menurut Wahabi, bid'ah dalam agama adalah bentuk penodaan dan penolakan yang harus diperangi. Pesantren menganggap bahwa Pancasila dan UUD 1945 merupakan bentuk penegakan hukum Islam yang aktual. Karena di Pesantren Soko Tunggal ini ingin mempertahankan nilai-nilai moderatisme dan me­ngembang­kan kehidupan multi­kultural yang damai.
CONTEXTUALIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS VALUES IN MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY
Authors: Dalmeri Dalmeri
Published: June 2016

This paper is the result of research applying reflective philosophical approach that try to answer the the question about the integration of the values of science and the values of the Islamic religion to shape the character of college students and the contextualization of religious values in the development science and technology in the multicultural era such as Indonesia. The findings of this research is, that Islam as a religion has always advocated Muslims to always holds integration, because, religion and science are not contradictive. and controversial, but complementary. Such a perspective, factually was able to build positive character among students in Jakarta, because for them religion is seen as a driving force for the development of science and discovery in science and technology should be aligned with the values of Islam, so it is not pulled out from the roots of religious values sublime.

***
Tulisan hasil riset dengan pendekatan penelitian reflektif filosofis terhadap integrasi nilai-nilai sains dan nilai-nilai agama Islam ini, mencoba menjawab persoalan integrasi nilai-nilai sains dan nilai-nilai agama Islam untuk membentuk karakter mahasiswa perguruan tinggi dan kontekstulisasi nilai-nilai agama dalam perkembangan sains dan teknologi di era multikultural seperti Indonesia. Adapun temuan peneletian ini adalah, bahwa Islam sebagai sebuah agama selalu menganjurkan umatnya untuk selalu berpandangan integratif. Sebab, antara agama dan sains tidak bersifat kontradiktif dan berlawanan, melainkan saling melengkapi. Cara pandang seperti ini, ternyata mampu membentuk karakter positif di kalangan mahasiswa perguruan tinggi di Jakarta, sebab bagi mereka agama dipandang sebagai pendorong bagi perkembangan ilmu penge­tahuan dan penemuan sains dan teknologi harus diselaraskan dengan nilai-nilai Islam, sehingga tidak tercerabut dari akar nilai-nilai agama yang luhur.
AL-QUR’AN AND HUMAN MIND: THE FACTS OF SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Aswirna Prima , Fahmi Reza
Published: June 2016

The scientific facts claimed in the Qur'an are found in different discorces, including in the terms of creation, astronomy, human reproduction, oceanology, embroyology, zoology, and water cycle. This article explored the miracle of al-Qur’an on scientific knowledge, especially natural science. Applying the approach of descriptive analysis, this study was able to demonstrate the empirical facts about the miracle of al-Qur’an that have been discovered the scientific truth in science. This article also showed the limitations of human intellect to understand all the realities existing in this world, as well as advocated human beings on the importance of returning dialoging al-Qur'an and intellect in exploring science.

***
Fakta-fakta ilmiah yang diklaim dalam al-Qur'an ada di berbagai wacana, ter­masuk dalam hal ini penciptaan, astronomi, reproduksi manusia, oseanologi, embroyologi, zoologi, dan siklus air. Artikel ini ingin mengeksplorasi tentang keajaiban al-Qur'an dalam pengetahuan ilmiah, terutama dalam ilmu alam. Dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif, penelitian ini mampu menunjukkan fakta empiris keajaiban al-Qur'an telah ditemukan kebenaran ilmiah dalam ilmu. Artikel ini juga menunjukkan keterbatasan kecerdasan manusia untuk me­mahami semua realitas yang ada di dunia ini. Serta mengajak kembali kepada manusia pentingnya untuk kembali mendialogkan antara al-Qur'an dan ke­cerdas­an dalam mengeksplorasi ilmu pengetahuan.
Forward osmosis membrane fouling and cleaning for wastewater reuse
Authors: Yu Youngbeom , Lee Seockheon , Maeng Sung Kyu
Published: June 2016

Membrane fouling properties and different physical cleaning methods for forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO) laboratory-scale filtration systems were investigated. The membrane fouling, with respect to flux reduction, was lower in FO than in RO when testing an activated sludge effluent. Cross-flow velocity, air-scouring, osmotic backwashing and effect of a spacer were compared to determine the most effective cleaning method for FO. After a long period of fouling with activated sludge, the flux was fully recovered in a short period of osmotic backwashing compared with cleaning by changing cross-flow velocity and air-scouring. In this study, the osmotic backwashing was found to be the most efficient way to clean the FO membrane. The amount of RNA recovered from FO membranes was about twice that for RO membranes; biofouling could be more significant in FO than in RO. However, the membrane fouling in FO was lower than that in RO. The spacer increased the flux in FO with activated sludge liquor suspended solids of 2,500 mg/L, and there were effects of spacer on performance of FO–MBR membrane fouling. However, further studies are required to determine how the spacer geometry influences on the performance of the FO membrane.
Torque Loss After Miniscrew Placement: An In-Vitro Study Followed by a Clinical Trial
Authors: Migliorati Marco , Drago Sara , Barberis Fabrizio , Schiavetti Irene , Dalessandri Domenico , Benedicenti Stefano , Biavati Armando Silvestrini
Published: June 2016

To evaluate torque loss a week after insertion, both in an in vivo and an in vitro experimental setup were designed. In the in vivo setup a total of 29 miniscrews were placed in 20 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment. Maximum insertion torque (MIT) was evaluated at insertion time (T1). A week later, insertion torque was measured again by applying a quarter turn (T2); no load was applied on the screw during the first week. In the in vitro setup a total of 20 miniscrews were placed in pig rib bone samples. MIT was evaluated at insertion time (T1). Bone samples were kept in saline solution and controlled environment for a week during which the solution was refreshed every day. Afterwards, torque was measured again by applying a quarter turn (T2). The comparison of MIT over time was done calculating the percentage difference of the torque values between pre- and post-treatment and using the parametric two independent samples t-test or the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test. After a week unloaded miniscrews showed a mean loss of rotational torque of 36.3% and 40.9% in in vitro and in in vivo conditions, respectively. No statistical differences were found between the two different setups. Torque loss was observed after the first week in both study models; in vitro experimental setup provided a reliable study model for studying torque variation during the first week after insertion.
Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis Caused by Denture Lining Material
Authors: Sugiura Tsutomu , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Nakashima Chie , Murakami Kazuhiro , Matsusue Yumiko , Horita Satoshi , Sakagami Go , Kirita Tadaaki
Published: June 2016

We report a case of chronic maxillary sinusitis caused by denture lining material entering through an oroantral fistula after tooth extraction. The patient was an 80-year-old female who visited us with a complaint of pus discharge from the right posterior maxilla. She had extraction of the upper right second molar and had her upper denture relined with silicone lining material. The patient noticed swelling of the right cheek and purulent rhinorrhea 20 days before her first visit to our clinic. Oral examination showed an oroantral fistula with a diameter of 3 mm in the posterior alveolar ridge of the right maxilla. Computed tomography revealed a hyperdense foreign body in the right maxillary sinus and thickening of the mucosal lining. Under diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis caused by a foreign body, endoscopic maxillary surgery was performed simultaneously with the removal of the foreign body. The foreign body removed was 12 × 6 mm in size, oval in shape, light pink in color, and compatible with silicone denture lining material. During the follow-up it was observed that the oroantral fistula closed spontaneously after the removal of the foreign body. The maxillary sinus was in a good shape without recurrence of sinusitis seven months after surgery.
Clinical and Biomechanical Evaluations of Staged Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients with Two Different Implant Designs
Authors: Renaud Alexandre , Fuentes Alexandre , Hagemeister Nicola , Lavigne Martin , Vendittoli Pascal-André
Published: June 2016

Background:

Various implants of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are used in clinical practice and each presents specific design characteristics. No implant managed this day to reproduce perfectly the biomechanics of the natural knee during gait.

Objectives:

We therefore asked whether (1) differences in tridimensional (3D) kinematic data during gait could be observed in two different designs of TKA on the same patients, (2) if those gait kinematic data are comparable with those of asymptomatic knees and (3) if difference in clinical subjective scores can be observed between the two TKA designs on the same patient.

Methods:

We performed knee kinematic analysis on 15 patients (30 TKAs) with two different TKA implant designs (Nexgen, Zimmer and Triathlon, Stryker) on each knee and on 25 asymptomatic subjects (35 knees). Clinical evaluation included range of motion, weight bearing radiographs, questionnaire of joint perception, KOOS, WOMAC and SF-12.

Results:

Comparison between TKAs and asymptomatic knees revealed that asymptomatic knees had significantly less knee flexion at initial contact (p< 0.04) and more flexion for most of the swing phase (pbetween 0.004 and 0.04). Asymptomatic knees also had less varus at loading response, during stance phase and during most of the swing phase (pbetween 0.001 - 0.05). Transverse plane analysis showed a tendency for asymptomatic knees to be more in internal rotation during stance phase (p0.02 - 0.04). Comparing both TKA designs, NexgenTMimplant had significantly more flexion at the end of swing phase (p= 0.04) compared to knees with the TriathlonTMimplant. In frontal plane, from initial contact to maximum mid stance angle and between the mean mid stance angle and initial contact NexgenTMTKA had significantly more adduction (varus,p=0.02 – 0.03). Clinical scores of both TKAs did not have significant difference.

Conclusions:

TKA with the tested implants did not reproduce natural knee kinematics during gait. In our cohort of patients, TKA implant design translated in limited kinematics differences during gait and on clinical results.
The Potential of Late Gadolinium Enhancement to Serve as a Predictor of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Hypertrophic Cardio-myopathy Patients
Authors: Gossios Thomas D. , Efthimiadis Georgios K. , Karamitsos Theodoros D. , Zegkos Thomas , Athyros Vasilios G. , Karvounis Haralambos I.
Published: June 2016

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the most common inherited cardiomyopathy is well known to be the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young people. However, amongst the population of patients, a small subset bears increased risk of sudden cardiac death and would benefit from implantation of a defibrillator, currently recognized utilizing a series of established risk factors. This risk stratification model is hampered by low positive predictive value. Therefore, novel predictors of sudden death are sought. The advent of cardiac magnetic resonance and late gadolinium enhancement has allowed accurate quantification of regional fibrosis, a key element of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pathophysiologically linked to increased arrhythmogenicity. We sought to review currently available data on the utility of late gadolinium enhancement to serve as a novel predictor of arrhythmias and sudden death. In conclusion, significantly diverse methodological approaches and subsequent findings between available studies on the topic have hampered such use, highlighting the need for uniformly designed large scale, prospective studies in order to clarify which aspects of myocardial fibrosis could serve as predictors of arrhythmic events.
Review of Reactions and Molecular Mechanisms in Cellulose Pyrolysis
Authors: Kawamoto Haruo
Published: June 2016

Cellulose, which is a polymer of β-1→4 linked D-glucose units, comprises about
half the components of lignocellulosic biomasses. A better understanding of the chemistry
involved in cellulose pyrolysis provides valuable insights into the development of efficient
pyrolysis-based conversion technologies of biomass into biofuels, biochemicals and biomaterials.
This review focuses on the reactions and molecular mechanisms that determine the
reactivity and product selectivity in pyrolysis and the related conversion technologies. This
information is useful for understanding the processing technologies conducted at high temperatures,
such as wood drying and the production of cellulose-plastic composite materials.
Because the cellulose pyrolysis behavior changes drastically in the temperature range of
300–350 °C, this review is divided into low- and high-temperature regimes. The intermediates
produced from cellulose pyrolysis are further converted into various gas, liquid or solid products. Hence,
these processes are addressed as primary pyrolysis and secondary reactions in this review. The roles of the crystalline
cellulose in pyrolysis are noted.
Solvatochromism of isatin based Schiff bases: An LSER and LFER study
Authors: Brkic Dominik , Bozic Aleksandra , Nikolic Vesna , Marinkovic Aleksandar , Elshaflu Hana , Nikolic Jasmina , Drmanic Sasa
Published: June 2016

The derivatives of isatin have already been reported to show a variety of
biological activities. However, there has been no report on solvatochromic
effect of isatin derivatives so far, and that could be of interest to study
and relate to their electronic structure, as a part of the characterisation
of these compounds. Linear solvation energy relationships (LSER) were used to
analyze solvent influence on the UV absorption maxima shifts of investigated
isatin derivatives, i.e. isatin based Schiff bases, by using Kamlet-Taft
model. Linear free energy relationships (LFER) were applied to the
substituent-induced NMR chemical shifts (SCS) using SSP (single substituent
parameter). The obtained correlations together with theoretical calculations
gave insight into the influence of the molecular conformation on the
transmission of substituent effects, as well as on solute/solvent
interactions. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface map was
plotted over the optimized geometry of the molecules in order to visualize
electron density distribution and explain origin of solvent/solute
interactions.
Investigation on porosity suppression in deep-penetration laser welding by using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Zhao Haiyan , He Lugui , Niu Wen Chong , Zhang Bin
Published: June 2016

As a significant laser welding defect, keyhole-induced porosity has detrimental effects on the property of welded joint. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics is used to investigate the porosity suppression during laser welding. A three-dimensional deep-penetration laser welding model considering moving heat resource and keyhole dynamic behavior has been established and verified by a series of CO2 laser welding experiments. The effect of welding parameters on porosity suppression in a 304 stainless steel CO2 laser welding is investigated. Numerical results reveal that the major factor for the suppression of porosity formation is the matching relations between the keyhole self-fluctuation frequency and the keyhole fluctuation frequency. With the pulse frequency of 30 Hz, the porosity formation is significantly prevented. For different duty ratios of laser modulation, 80% of duty ratio has the best effect with the given operating parameters. The best prevention effect appears when the pulse frequency and duty ratio made the keyhole fluctuate closest to its self-fluctuation frequency. The calculated and experimental results also showed that keyhole-induced porosity decreases with increasing welding speed.
Application of Intervention Mapping to the Development of a Complex Physical Therapist Intervention
Authors: Jones Taryn M. , Dear Blake F. , Hush Julia M. , Titov Nickolai , Dean Catherine M.
Published: June 2016

Background

Physical therapist interventions, such as those designed to change physical activity behavior, are often complex and multifaceted. In order to facilitate rigorous evaluation and implementation of these complex interventions into clinical practice, the development process must be comprehensive, systematic, and transparent, with a sound theoretical basis. Intervention Mapping is designed to guide an iterative and problem-focused approach to the development of complex interventions.

Purpose

The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the application of an Intervention Mapping approach to the development of a complex physical therapist intervention, a remote self-management program aimed at increasing physical activity after acquired brain injury.

Case Description

Intervention Mapping consists of 6 steps to guide the development of complex interventions: (1) needs assessment; (2) identification of outcomes, performance objectives, and change objectives; (3) selection of theory-based intervention methods and practical applications; (4) organization of methods and applications into an intervention program; (5) creation of an implementation plan; and (6) generation of an evaluation plan. The rationale and detailed description of this process are presented using an example of the development of a novel and complex physical therapist intervention, myMoves—a program designed to help individuals with an acquired brain injury to change their physical activity behavior.

Conclusion

The Intervention Mapping framework may be useful in the development of complex physical therapist interventions, ensuring the development is comprehensive, systematic, and thorough, with a sound theoretical basis. This process facilitates translation into clinical practice and allows for greater confidence and transparency when the program efficacy is investigated.
Thirty-day outcomes after postnatal myelomeningocele repair: a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric database analysis
Authors: Cherian Jacob , Staggers Kristen A. , Pan I-Wen , Lopresti Melissa , Jea Andrew , Lam Sandi
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

Due to improved nutrition and early detection, myelomeningocele repair is a relatively uncommon procedure. Although previous studies have reviewed surgical trends and predictors of outcomes, they have relied largely on single-hospital experiences or on databases centered on hospital admission data. Here, the authors report 30-day outcomes of pediatric patients undergoing postnatal myelomeningocele repair from a national prospective surgical outcomes database. They sought to investigate the association between preoperative and intraoperative factors on the occurrence of 30-day complications, readmissions, and unplanned return to operating room events.

METHODS

The 2013 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric database (NSQIP-P) was queried for all patients undergoing postnatal myelomeningocele repair. Patients were subdivided on the basis of the size of the repair (< 5 cm vs > 5 cm). Preoperative variables, intraoperative characteristics, and postoperative 30-day events were tabulated from prospectively collected data. Three separate outcomes for complication, unplanned readmission, and return to the operating room were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Rates of associated CSF diversion operations and their timing were also analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 114 patients were included; 54 had myelomeningocele repair for a defect size smaller than 5 cm, and 60 had repair for a defect size larger than 5 cm. CSF shunts were placed concurrently in 8% of the cases. There were 42 NSQIP-defined complications in 31 patients (27%); these included wound complications and infections, in addition to others. Postoperative wound complications were the most common and occurred in 27 patients (24%). Forty patients (35%) had at least one subsequent surgery within 30 days. Twenty-four patients (21%) returned to the operating room for initial shunt placement. Unplanned readmission occurred in 11% of cases. Both complication and return to operating room outcomes were statistically associated with age at repair.

CONCLUSIONS

The NSQIP-P allows examination of 30-day perioperative outcomes from a national prospectively collected database. In this cohort, over one-quarter of patients undergoing postnatal myelomeningocele repair experienced a complication within 30 days. The complication rate was significantly higher in patients who had surgical repair within the first 24 hours of birth than in patients who had surgery after the 1st day of life. The authors also highlight limitations of investigating myelomeningocele repair using NSQIP-P and advocate the importance of disease-specific data collection.
A leap forward in the endovascular management of acute basilar artery occlusion since the appearance of stent retrievers: a single-center comparative study
Authors: Fahed Robert , Di Maria Federico , Rosso Charlotte , Sourour Nader , Degos Vincent , Deltour Sandrine , Baronnet-Chauvet Flore , Léger Anne , Crozier Sophie , Gabrieli Joseph , Samson Yves , Chiras Jacques , Clarençon Frédéric
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

Contrary to acute ischemic stroke involving the anterior circulation, no randomized trial has yet demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of endovascular management in acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). Recently developed thrombectomy devices, such as stentrievers and aspiration systems, have helped in improving the endovascular management of acute ischemic stroke. The authors sought to assess the impact of these devices in the endovascular treatment of acute BAO.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of 34 consecutive patients treated in Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital for acute BAO was carried out. All patients had undergone an endovascular procedure. In addition to the global results in terms of safety and effectiveness (recanalization rate and 3-month clinical outcome based on the modified Rankin Scale [mRS]), the authors aimed to determine if the patients treated with the most recently developed devices (i.e., the Solitaire stentriever or the ADAPT catheter) had better angiographic and clinical outcomes than those treated with older endovascular strategies.

RESULTS

The overall successful recanalization rate (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score 2b–3) was 50% (17 of 34 patients). A good clinical outcome (mRS score 0–2 at 3-month follow-up) was achieved in 11 (32.3%) of 34 patients. The mortality rate at 3-month follow-up was 29.4% (10 of 34 patients). Patients treated with the Solitaire stentriever and the ADAPT catheter had a higher recanalization rate (12 [92.3%] of 13 patients vs 5 [23.8%] of 21 patients, p = 0.0002) and a shorter mean (± SD) procedure duration (88 ± 31 minutes vs 126 ± 58 minutes, p = 0.04) than patients treated with older devices.

CONCLUSIONS

The latest devices have improved the effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy in acute BAO. Their use in further studies may help demonstrate a benefit in the endovascular management of acute BAO.
Cesium-131 brachytherapy for recurrent brain metastases: durable salvage treatment for previously irradiated metastatic disease
Authors: Wernicke A. Gabriella , Smith Andrew W. , Taube Shoshana , Yondorf Menachem Z. , Parashar Bhupesh , Trichter Samuel , Nedialkova Lucy , Sabbas Albert , Christos Paul , Ramakrishna Rohan , Pannullo Susan C. , Stieg Philip E. , Schwartz Theodore H.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

Managing patients whose intraparenchymal brain metastases recur after radiotherapy remains a challenge. Intraoperative cesium-131 (Cs-131) brachytherapy performed at the time of neurosurgical resection may represent an excellent salvage treatment option. The authors evaluated the outcomes of this novel treatment with permanent intraoperative Cs-131 brachytherapy.

METHODS

Thirteen patients with 15 metastases to the brain that recurred after stereotactic radiosurgery and/or whole brain radiotherapy were treated between 2010 and 2015. Stranded Cs-131 seeds were placed as a permanent volume implant. Prescription dose was 80 Gy at 5-mm depth from the resection cavity surface. The primary end point was resection cavity freedom from progression (FFP). Resection cavity freedom from progression (FFP), regional FFP, distant FFP, median survival, overall survival (OS), and toxicity were assessed.

RESULTS

The median duration of follow-up after salvage treatment was 5 months (range 0.5–18 months). The patients' median age was 64 years (range 51–74 years). The median resected tumor diameter was 2.9 cm (range 1.0–5.6 cm). The median number of seeds implanted was 19 (range 10–40), with a median activity per seed of 2.25 U (range 1.98–3.01 U) and median total activity of 39.6 U (range 20.0–95.2 U). The 1-year actuarial local FFP was 83.3%. The median OS was 7 months, and 1-year OS was 24.7%. Complications included infection (3), pseudomeningocele (1), seizure (1), and asymptomatic radionecrosis (RN) (1).

CONCLUSIONS

After failure of prior irradiation of brain metastases, re-irradiation with intraoperative Cs-131 brachytherapy implants provides durable local control and limits the risk of RN. The authors' initial experience demonstrates that this treatment approach is well tolerated and safe for patients with previously irradiated tumors after failure of more than 1 radiotherapy regimen and that it results in excellent response rates and minimal toxicity.
Contralateral supraorbital keyhole approach to medial optic nerve lesions: an anatomoclinical study
Authors: Singh Harminder , Essayed Walid I. , Jada Ajit , Moussazadeh Nelson , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam , Rote Sarang , Schwartz Theodore H.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

The authors describe the supraorbital keyhole approach to the contralateral medial optic nerve and tract, both in a series of cadaveric dissections and in 2 patients. They also discuss the indications and contraindications for this procedure.

METHODS

In 3 cadaver heads, bilateral supraorbital keyhole minicraniotomies were performed to expose the ipsilateral and contralateral optic nerves. The extent of exposure of the medial optic nerve was assessed. In 2 patients, a contralateral supraorbital keyhole approach was used to remove pathology of the contralateral medial optic nerve and tract.

RESULTS

The supraorbital keyhole craniotomy provided better exposure of the contralateral superomedial nerve than it did of the same portion of the ipsilateral nerve. In both patients gross-total resections of the pathology was achieved.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors demonstrate the suitability of the contralateral supraorbital keyhole approach for lesions involving the superomedial optic nerve.
Variation in seizure prophylaxis in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ostahowski Paige J. , Kannan Nithya , Wainwright Mark S. , Qiu Qian , Mink Richard B. , Groner Jonathan I. , Bell Michael J. , Giza Christopher C. , Zatzick Douglas F. , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Boyle Linda Ng , Mitchell Pamela H. , Vavilala Monica S. , _ _
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

Posttraumatic seizure is a major complication following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to determine the variation in seizure prophylaxis in select pediatric trauma centers. The authors hypothesized that there would be wide variation in seizure prophylaxis selection and use, within and between pediatric trauma centers.

METHODS

In this retrospective multicenter cohort study including 5 regional pediatric trauma centers affiliated with academic medical centers, the authors examined data from 236 children (age < 18 years) with severe TBI (admission Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8, ICD-9 diagnosis codes of 800.0–801.9, 803.0–804.9, 850.0–854.1, 959.01, 950.1–950.3, 995.55, maximum head Abbreviated Injury Scale score ≥ 3) who received tracheal intubation for ≥ 48 hours in the ICU between 2007 and 2011.

RESULTS

Of 236 patients, 187 (79%) received seizure prophylaxis. In 2 of the 5 centers, 100% of the patients received seizure prophylaxis medication. Use of seizure prophylaxis was associated with younger patient age (p < 0.001), inflicted TBI (p < 0.001), subdural hematoma (p = 0.02), cerebral infarction (p < 0.001), and use of electroencephalography (p = 0.023), but not higher Injury Severity Score. In 63% cases in which seizure prophylaxis was used, the patients were given the first medication within 24 hours of injury, and 50% of the patients received the first dose in the prehospital or emergency department setting. Initial seizure prophylaxis was most commonly with fosphenytoin (47%), followed by phenytoin (40%).

CONCLUSIONS

While fosphenytoin was the most commonly used medication for seizure prophylaxis, there was large variation within and between trauma centers with respect to timing and choice of seizure prophylaxis in severe pediatric TBI. The heterogeneity in seizure prophylaxis use may explain the previously observed lack of relationship between seizure prophylaxis and outcomes.
Minimum cost rule enforcement for cooperative database access
Authors: Le Meixing , Kant Krishna , Athamnah Malek , Jajodia Sushil
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we consider restricted data sharing between a set of parties that wish to provide some set of online services requiring such data sharing. Each party is assumed to store its data in private relational databases, and is given a set of mutually agreed set of authorization rules that specify access to attributes over individual relations or joins over relations owned by one or more parties. The access restrictions introduce significant additional complexity in rule enforcement and query planning as compared with a traditional distributed database environment. We examine the problem of minimum cost rule enforcement which simultaneously checks for the enforceability of each rule and generation of minimum cost plan of its execution. However, the paper is not focused on specific cost functions, but instead of efficient methods for enforcing rules in the face of access restrictions and inter-party data transfer needs. We propose an efficient heuristic algorithm for this minimal enforcement since the exact problem is NP-hard. In some cases, it is not possible to enforce the rules with the regular parties only. In such cases, we need help of trusted third parties (TPs). If all parties trust a single TP, such a party can enforce all unenforced rules, but it is desirable to use the TP minimally. We also consider the extended case where multiple TPs are required since not every regular party can trust a single TP.
Contribution of Warsaw Logicians to Computational Logic
Authors: Niwiński Damian
Published: June 2016

The newly emerging branch of research of Computer Science received encouragement from the successors of the Warsaw mathematical school: Kuratowski, Mazur, Mostowski, Grzegorczyk, and Rasiowa. Rasiowa realized very early that the spectrum of computer programs should be incorporated into the realm of mathematical logic in order to make a rigorous treatment of program correctness. This gave rise to the concept of algorithmic logic developed since the 1970s by Rasiowa, Salwicki, Mirkowska, and their followers. Together with Pratt’s dynamic logic, algorithmic logic evolved into a mainstream branch of research: logic of programs. In the late 1980s, Warsaw logicians Tiuryn and Urzyczyn categorized various logics of programs, depending on the class of programs involved. Quite unexpectedly, they discovered that some persistent open questions about the expressive power of logics are equivalent to famous open problems in complexity theory. This, along with parallel discoveries by Harel, Immerman and Vardi, contributed to the creation of an important area of theoretical computer science: descriptive complexity. By that time, the modal μ-calculus was recognized as a sort of a universal logic of programs. The mid 1990s saw a landmark result by Walukiewicz, who showed completeness of a natural axiomatization for the μ-calculus proposed by Kozen. The difficult proof of this result, based on automata theory, opened a path to further investigations. Later, Bojanczyk opened a new chapter by introducing an unboundedness quantifier, which allowed for expressing some quantitative properties of programs. Yet another topic, linking the past with the future, is the subject of automata founded in the Fraenkel-Mostowski set theory. The studies on intuitionism found their continuation in the studies of Curry-Howard isomorphism. ukasiewicz’s landmark idea of many-valued logic found its continuation in various approaches to incompleteness and uncertainty.
Removing Specification Errors from the Usual Formulation of Binary Choice Models
Authors: Swamy P.A.V.B. , Chang I-Lok , Mehta Jatinder , Greene William , Hall Stephen , Tavlas George
Published: June 2016

We develop a procedure for removing four major specification errors from the usual formulation of binary choice models. The model that results from this procedure is different from the conventional probit and logit models. This difference arises as a direct consequence of our relaxation of the usual assumption that omitted regressors constituting the error term of a latent linear regression model do not introduce omitted regressor biases into the coefficients of the included regressors.