bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stem Cell Administration to Repair Torn Menisci
Authors: Keagle Matthew J , Gallicchio Vincent S
Published: March 2024

The meniscus is a crescent-shaped, fibrocartilaginous padding in the knee that contains variable vascularization and histology. This structure enables proper loadbearing, knee movement, and protection of articular cartilage and bone of the tibiofemoral joint. The meniscus is subject to tears from acute injury and degenerative stresses. Many meniscal tears do not heal naturally due to poor vascularization and high stresses placed on the meniscus. These often result in pain and mechanical symptoms and are highly correlated to osteoarthritis (OA) development. While there are a wide variety of suggested treatments for meniscal tears, studies indicate common surgical interventions have little to no significant improvements in abating patient symptoms or limiting osteoarthritic progression, with high failure rates. Therefore, alternative treatments are being actively explored for meniscal tear repair. One of the most-researched treatment options is using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a type of adult multilineage progenitor cell capable of facilitating meniscal tissue regeneration. Many different types of MSCs and supplemental, cuttingedge techniques are being tested to maximize tear healing. MSCs hold great promise for regenerating meniscal tissue, limiting OA, and restoring joint functionality. However, more research is required to prove the significance of stem cell treatments in humans and define the conditions for their use.
Bone Biomarker in Feedlot Cattle from Two Different Production Systems.
Authors: Lützelschwab Claudia , Adepu Saritha , Ekman Stina , Skiöldebrand Eva , Crain Scott , Coffey Robert
Published: March 2024

The rapid growth rate in feedlot cattle is likely to promote joint abnormalities like osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) and osteoarthritis (OA) with subsequent lameness. We have identified a small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) biomarker at cleavage site 262GLGHNQIRM (BGN262) arising from the fragmentation of biglycan (BGN) in subchondral bone associated with OA. With a validated custom-made ELISA, BGN262 has been quantified in serum from cattle. The concentration of BGN262 in serum from cattle raised in the conventional and all-natural production systems increased at harvest compared to the starting period. The limitation of the study is the small sample size. However, the promising results encourage a further evaluation of BGN262 and its potential as a biomarker for subchondral bone pathology in cattle.
Anterior spinal artery infarction: study of a case in the neurology department of the CHU Ignace Deen in Conakry
Authors: SD Barry , ML Toure , M Dore , MT Diallo , ML Conde , V Bognon , K Diawara , I Doumbouya , I Camara , S Camara , M Camara , A Kedaomon , A Bangoura , G Sidibe , MH Diallo , H Gouled , FA Cisse
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Spinal cord infarction corresponds to all the clinical manifestations secondary to ischemia of part or all of the spinal cord, whether sudden or progressive. It is a rare condition with a difficult diagnosis affecting only 1.2% of patients admitted to the neurovascular pathologies department. It is most frequently located in the territory of the anterior spinal artery (66.7%). Observation: 43-year-old patient with a lifestyle of repeatedly carrying heavy weights on the head, presenting with neck pain radiating to the upper limbs and tetra paresis. The clinic is characterized by anterior spinal artery syndrome, a lesional and sublesional syndrome and the spinal MRI revealed an extensive T2 hyper signal localized at the level of the anterior horn producing the characteristic appearance of snake eyes evoking an infarction in the territory of the anterior spinal artery. Conclusion: It is a diagnosis which remains difficult and is based on the comparison of clinical and para-clinical data.
IgG4-Related Intense Cervicitis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Ikouch K , Fz O Wajih , H Hachami , Tossi S , Boufettal H , Mahdaoui S , Samouh N , Azim Meryeme , Bennani-Guebessii Nissrin , Karkouri Mehdi
Published: March 2024

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an inflammatory process. The literature on IgG4-RD is rather limited, and cervical involvement is rare. In such cases, the presentation may mimic other pathologies, particularly cancerous. This is a clinical case of a 42-year-old patient who presented with low back pain and dysuria. Radiological imaging revealed an advanced cervical process with repercussions on the upper urinary tract. IgG4-RD involving the cervix is a difficult condition, both in diagnosis and treatment.
Postmenopausal Lumbar Spine Osteoporosis in Hungarian Women is Characterised By Increased Serum Levels of Nerve Growth Factor
Authors: Molnar Ildiko
Published: March 2024

Purpose: In addition to its neuronal specificity, nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a role in immuno-inflammatory events. Cells involved in osteoporosis, in particular mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and monocytes/macrophages, are capable of producing NGF. The question was whether NGF might be involved in osteoporotic bone loss independent of age. Methods: Sixty postmenopausal Hungarian women were studied for serum NGF-β and MCP-1 levels, total lumbar spine and forearm osteoporosis, and femoral neck osteoporosis. Biochemical data were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and presented as geometric mean (95% CI). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score values in three bone regions. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the independent variables involved in the elevated NGF-β levels. Results: Serum NGF-β levels were significantly increased in the osteoporotic subgroup compared to the normal and osteopenic subgroups [15.85(8.99-27.91) vs. 12.42(8.28-18.64) pg/ml, p<0.004 and 12.49(9.36-16.65) pg/ml, p<0.002, respectively] in the total lumbar spine region. Using multiple regression analysis, serum MCP-1 levels alone and their interaction with lumbar spine BMD were significant with elevated serum NGF-β levels, age was not included in the model. Increased serum NGF-β levels were restricted to the lumbar spine, but not to forearm and femoral neck osteoporosis. Conclusion: Increased serum NGF-β levels were associated with the severity of lumbar spine osteoporosis. Increased sympathetic and sensory neural activity may contribute to the presence of pain and neuropathy in osteoporosis.
Upsurge of Respiratory Illnesses among Children in Northern China: Current Situation, Reasons, and Global Health Implications
Authors: Cati Matteo Maria
Published: March 2024

Since mid-October 2023, Chinese health authorities have reported increasing childhood respiratory illnesses, predominantly in northern regions. While officials attribute this to lifted COVID-19 restrictions and usual winter pathogens, undiagnosed pneumonia clusters noted in media warrant scrutiny amidst global interconnectedness. This article reviews the evidence, analyzes drivers, provides risk analysis, and offers recommendations.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC): Immunohistochemical Aspects
Authors: Makaridze David , Gogiashvili Liana , Mariamidze Armaz , Loria George , Gvianishvili Tamuna , bekauri Lali
Published: March 2024

The incidence of Aneurismal Bone cyst has increased in worldwide. ABC-like lesions involving Giant (GCTOB) cells, fibrohistiocytic or tumor FD like components can confuse pitfalls of ABC and need to observe and defines. We investigated tissue resources from operative materials of total 28 cases of ABC, selected as primary ABC without any bone pathology (n=17) and ABC-like changes accompanying by Giant cell tumor (n=9) and Fibrous dysplasia (FD) (n=2). Female – 10, male – 18, mean age - 27. Cases were reported according clinical, radiological, histological, localization and recurrence features with special attention to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using different markers: P53, Bcl-2, P63, Ki-67, CD68, Cyclin D1. The results of these assessments were compared for the final histologic diagnosis. Results show that IHC has a positive value in dysplastic and cancerous stroma in GCTOB (P63, Cyclin D1); FD field does not show similar activity, demonstrating improved diagnostic accuracy.
IN SILICO APPROACHES ON PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE INHIBITOR-RELATED COMPOUNDS USED IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE TREATMENT
Authors: AKKAYA Hatice , SÜMER Engin
Published: March 2024

Objective: In Parkinson’s disease, Levodopa with Carbidopa addresses dopamine deficiency. Phenylalanine hydroxylase catalyzes phenylalanine to tyrosine conversion crucial for dopamine synthesis. Inhibiting phenylalanine hydroxylase may enhance Carbidopa's effects, preventing peripheral dopamine synthesis. The study used virtual scanning, molecular docking, and dynamics simulation to explore phenylalanine hydroxylase interactions with Carbidopa and similar ligands. ADME/T assessments and drug similarity tests were conducted to evaluate therapeutic potential in biological systems.
Material and Method: A molecular docking study was performed on the structures obtained from the PubChem database and human PAH (PDB ID: 6PAH) using Autodock Vina within Chimera 1.16. Furthermore, the ligands underwent ADME/T assays, which are crucial aspects in drug development.
Result and Discussion: The study suggests that 2-(2-Aminohydrazinyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid shows promise as a phenylalanine hydroxylase inhibitor for Parkinson's disease treatment, but further research is needed to assess its safety, efficacy, and specificity, particularly in extracerebral regions, while also exploring its potential to improve the effectiveness of Levadopa/Carbidopa combination therapy.
Phase 1 trial of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of EDP-514 in untreated viremic chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Yuen Man-Fung , Chuang Wan-Long , Peng Cheng-Yuan , Jeng Wen-Juei , Su Wei-Wen , Chang Ting-Tsung , Chen Chi-Yi , Hsu Yao-Chun , De La Rosa Guy , Ahmad Alaa , Luo Ed , Conery Annie L.
Published: March 2024

Background/Aims: Oral EDP-514 is a potent core protein inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, which produced a >4-log viral load reduction in HBV-infected chimeric mice with human liver cells. This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of three doses of EDP-514 in treatment-naive viremic patients with HBeAgpositive or -negative chronic HBV infection.Methods: Patients with HBsAg detectable at screening and at least 6 months previously were eligible. HBeAg-positive and -negative patients had a serum/plasma HBV DNA level ≥20,000 and ≥2,000 IU/mL, respectively. Twenty-five patients were randomized to EDP-514 200 (n=6), 400 (n=6) or 800 mg (n=7) or placebo (n=6) once daily for 28 days.Results: A dose-related increase in EDP-514 exposure (AUClast and Cmax) was observed across doses. At Day 28, mean reductions in HBV DNA were –2.9, –3.3, –3.5 and –0.2 log10 IU/mL with EDP-514 200 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg, and placebo groups, respectively. The corresponding mean change from baseline for HBV RNA levels was –2.9, –2.4, –2.0, and –0.02 log10 U/mL. No virologic failures were observed. No clinically meaningful changes from baseline were observed for HBsAg, HBeAg or HBcrAg. Nine patients reported treatment emergent adverse events of mild or moderate severity with no discontinuations, serious AEs or deaths.Conclusions: In treatment-naïve viremic patients, oral EDP-514 was generally safe and well-tolerated, displayed PK profile supportive of once-daily dosing, and markedly reduced HBV DNA and HBV RNA.
Psychosocial exposome and double precarity as emergent concepts for an old story
Authors: Santos Osvaldo , Sousa Isabela
Published: March 2024

Psychosocial exposome is presented as a novel integrative concept, stressing out the relevance of individual unique physical and psychological caracteristics and how these interact with a multitude of global (e.g., pandemics, climate change, war, etc.) and proximal (e.g., family, individuals' health conditions, socio-economic status, etc.) challenges, at different moments of the life cycle. Double precarity (precarious housing and employment) is highlighted as a highly relevant marker of psychosocial exposome due to its close relationship with decision making and mental health. Despite not being a new phenomenon, double precarity has been recently recognized also as a main health-related determinant, especially when considering the Portuguese (and international) economical crises, associated with global threats. Evidence-based science addressing individual and plublic health is crucial for mitigating the negative effects of enduring scenarios of double precarity as a relevant component of the psychosocial exposome.
Glimpsing the 2020 spring bloom in the Strait of Georgia (Canada) with autonomous ferry-based sensors
Authors: MacNeil L , Costa M , LaRoche J
Published: March 2024

Spatiotemporal observations are data rich and offer insights into links between ecological patterns and underlying processes. We present fine-scale autonomous observations from repeated ferry transects in the Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada) during the 2020 spring bloom period using a FerryBox system (temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a fluorescence) and a digital inline holographic microscope. Despite instrument cleaning interruptions related to COVID-19 restrictions, 3 periods from late winter (February) to springtime (March and April) contained 14 days of high-quality holograms (>70000) capturing >10500 identifiable micro- to mesoplankton using automatic object detection. The ferry set-up provided automatic data storage through Ocean Networks Canada, which also automatized data flagging and guaranteed remote access. The highest-quality holograms repeatedly covered the central and eastern Strait and showed aspects of bloom succession. Fast-growing diatoms (Skeletonema sp.) emerged first, followed by a diverse assemblage including Chaetoceros spp., Ditylum spp., and Eucampia spp., and by April, larger centric cells prevailed. The combined approach captured local suppression of chlorophyll a fluorescence and diatom concentrations in Fraser River plume waters during the freshet, suggesting fine-scale spatial patterns in seasonal planktonic community composition. This work is among the first of its kind to autonomously generate in situ imaging and physicochemical data with spatiotemporal resolution.
VISI PENGARANG DAN NARATOR BERAFILIASI DALAM BURUNG KAYU KARYA NIDUPARAS ERLANG
Authors: Padel Muhamad Rallie Rivaldy
Published: March 2024

Dewasa ini tema eksklusif soal kedaerahan atau kerap kali disebut lokalitas menjadi arus utama dalam prosa-prosa Indonesia kontemporer. Meskipun demikian, tren ini bukanlah hal baru dan telah sering muncul dalam sastra Indonesia modern tahun 1990an bahkan lebih awal. Naiknya tren ini menstimulasi kita untuk menggali lebih jauh apa visi yang diusung para penulis-penulis muda pasca-Reformasi dalam kaitannya dengan pengarusutamaan tema di atas, dan mempertanyakannya. Dalam tulisan ini, novel teranyar karya Niduparas Erlang, seorang novelis sekaligus esais kelahiran Banten, ditelaah untuk menunjukkan bagaimana tren berkisah soal pelosok ini menampilkan ihwal yang ironis dalam pemaknaan lokalitas. Dalam novel peraih penghargaannya, Niduparas menarasikan dinamika masyarakat adat Mentawai dan sekelumit konflik intrakomunitas maupun antarkomunitas yang terjadi di antara mereka. Meskipun di satu sisi novel Burung Kayu menunjukkan keberpihakan terhadap kelompok etnis yang termarjinalkan oleh agenda politik warisan Orde Baru, di sisi lain siratan-siratan eksotisme, nuansa mistis, dan kiat menunggalkan perwatakan masih menjadi bagian dari komponen yang dikandung novelnya tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis pembacaan dekat (close-reading), tulisan ini menjelaskan bagaimana siratan-siratan di atas menjadi bagian dari visi si Pengarang. Akan tetapi, kendatipun hal-hal di atas dipersoalkan, tulisan ini juga menggarisbawahi sumbangsih novel Niduparas dalam berteori tentang penggunaan sudut pandang dalam kajian sastra, yang dalam tulisan ini disebut narator berafiliasi.
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE-MIXING IN SPEAKING FOUR CLASS OF FACULTY OF LETTERS IN UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN INDONESIA : A CASE STUDY
Authors: Gitta Vania Naulibasa  , Simatupang Masda Surti
Published: March 2024

This research is about code mixing. Code-mixing is the alternation between varieties or codes within words, clauses, or phrases. The use of code-mixing usually happens in people who speak more than one language or also called bilingual or multilingual people. The writer did this research in order to find out the code-mixing cases based on code-mixing theory in the study of sociolinguistics. She took a descriptive method that used two ways of collecting the data, firstly tape-recording and then questionnaires. The respondents of this research are Speaking Four students batch 2013 in Faculty of Letters in Universitas Kristen Indonesia. The reasons why they commit code-mixing, the type of codes that they mixed, and the proportion of female to male students committing code-mixing are the results of this study. There are 73 data which consist of codes that were mixed by the students: parts of speech (49), phrases (7), and question forms (17). The most common user of code-mixing is the noun (part of speech) and WH-question (question form).
AN ANALYSIS ABOUT HATE SPEECH TOWARDS PRESIDENT JOKO WIDODO ON HIS INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT: A PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS.
Authors: Simbolon Famelia Ranti Repelita , Saragi Devi Melisa
Published: March 2024

The purposes of this qualitative research are: (1) to find out the meanings and aims of hate speech on Joko Widodo's Instagram account. (2) to find out the functions of the illocutionary act of hate speech on Joko Widodo's Instagram account. (3) to find out the dominant function of hate speech on Joko Widodo's Instagram account. The data of this research are the comments of netizens found on Joko Widodo's Instagram account. The first result of this study shows that all the comments found on Jokowi's Instagram aim at indignation, defamation, blasphemy, distastefulness, provocation, incitement, and forgery. The second result is that the functions of illocutionary acts on Jokowi's Instagram account consist of 30 directives, 137 representatives, 7 commissives, 65 expressive, and no declaration. The third one is that the dominant function found on Jokowi's Instagram is representatives attaining 55,70% classified into 36 comments as giving an opinion, 33 comments as telling or reporting, 25 comments as complaining, 22 comments as stating, and 21 comments as suggesting.
Application of the MALTI-TOF MS Method for Identification of Vibrio spp. in Aquaculture
Authors: Gökdağ Kerem , Çağatay İfakat Tulay
Published: March 2024

Aquaculture is developing rapidly and plays an important role in providing animal protein to the world’s growing population. However, increasing mortality from bacterial disease outbreaks in important species poses a challenge to production progress in this sector. In order to reduce the impact of these diseases, rapid and accurate pathogen identification is essential for disease management, early detection and the continued health of aquaculture. The aim of this review is to summarise studies on the identification and diagnosis of Vibrio pathogens in aquatic organisms by MALTI-TOF MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry), a rapid identification method based on protein profiling of bacteria. The profiles of bacterial protein obtained are compared with a global microbial protein library for identification. This study demonstrates the potential of using MALDI-TOF MS for the detection of Vibrio pathogens in aquaculture in studies published between 2015 and 2024. While purchasing a time-of-flight mass spectrometer is expensive when compared to conventional and molecular identification methods. It also appears to be much more efficient in terms of time spent on identification. MALDI-TOF MS has been shown to be simple to use in fish identification laboratories.
CİNSEL SUÇLARIN HİLEYLE İŞLENMESİ: RIZA GÖSTERİLEN KİŞİNİN KİMLİĞİNE İLİŞKİN SORUNLAR
Authors: Karabulat Efe Can
Published: March 2024

On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren, cinsel özgürlüğe yönelik anlayış değişmeye başlamıştır. Yalnızca evli çiftler arasındaki cinsel ilişkileri meşru kabul edip diğer bütün cinsel ilişki türlerini yasaklayan anlayışın yerini, bireylerin partner seçiminde özgür oldukları bir anlayış almıştır. Bu durum, bireylerin hukuk düzeni tarafından korunan bir cinsel otonomiye sahip olmalarını sağlamıştır. Günümüzde bireylerin cinsel otonomisinin, cebir veya tehditle gerçekleştirilen cinsel davranışlarla ihlal edilebileceği kabul edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte cinsel suçlar bakımından hilenin rolü yeterince anlaşılabilmiş değildir. Hukuk sistemleri genellikle yalnızca cinsel davranışın mahiyetine yönelik hileleri cinsel suçların oluşumu bakımından önemli addetmektedir. Halbuki rıza gösterilen kişinin kimliğine ilişkin hileler de aynı ölçüde mağdurun iradesini sakatlayabilecek niteliktedir. Bu nedenle cinsel davranışlara yönelik hilelerin tespitinde, halihazırda kullanılan maddi gerçeklik-saik ayrımından vazgeçilerek, hilenin daha geniş yorumlanması mağdurların cinsel otonomisinin korunması bakımından elzemdir. Cinsel rızaya yönelik hilelerin kapsamı hem subjektif hem de objektif ölçütlerden yararlanmak suretiyle karma bir yöntemle belirlenmelidir. Böylelikle bireylerin cinsel otonomisi koruma altına alınırken ceza sorumluluğunun aşırı genişlemesinden de kaçınılabilecektir.
STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT BERBASIS KONTEKSTUAL DI PKBM AL MADINAH KOTA KEDIRI
Authors: Rochman Abdur , Supriyono Supriyono , Supriyanto Achmad , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Sri Redjeki Endang
Published: March 2024

Society is a human being who plays a role in increasing the capacity of life so that it continues to survive as it should. As an effort to increase capacity, educational institutions are needed that are not only formal in nature, but can also be done through non-formal education as a form of effort to develop society equally. Non-formal educational institutions that support equal communities include the Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM) which was formed by the community for the community which has an initiative movement to educate society in general through non-formal education. PKBM has an important role in empowering communities contextually to improve competitive and competitive community skills. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study research design. The research was carried out at PKBM Al Madinah, Kediri City, where non-formal education is carried out with very comprehensive coverage, including special packages for pursuing packages A, B and C, and other relevant learning programs. There are several unique findings found in PKBM Al Madinah in supporting contextual community empowerment. So the role of PKBM Al Madinah Kediri City is considered very important in providing learning space for the community in supporting abilities.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN UKM AJJULUKANA DI TAMALATE, GALESONG UTARA, TAKALAR, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Yansyah Medi , Marian Fungky , Hesti Hesti , Gusrini Indah Nurlisa
Published: March 2024

Keberadaan   Usaha   Mikro   Kecil   dan   Menengah   (UMKM)   menjadi   pilar   utama   dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Di Indonesia sendiri terdapat 64,5 juta UKM yang tersebar   dibanyak daerah, salah satunya UKM Ajjulukana yang terletak di dusun Tamalate, Sulawesi Utara. UKM ini berfokus pada produk pengolahan ikan dengan produk unggulanya yaitu abon ikan tenggiri. Kendala yang dihadapi oleh UKM Ajjulukana adalah kesulitan dalam pemasaran produk dalam skala besar karena pemasaran yang masih bersifat tradisional. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah mengadakan kegiatan sosialisasi mengenai pemasaran modern dengan pembuatan toko online di marketplace facebook. Kegiatan lain yang dilakukan adalah pembuatan bideo profil produk yang dapat digunakan sebagai saran promosi untuk pemasaran modern.  Harapanya, pembuatan toko online dari berbagai marketplace lain dapat dilakukan
Quantum dark energy in a seven-dimensional universe
Authors: Kesanasetty Sasidhar
Published: March 2024

This paper explains the dark energy and acceleration of the universe by quantizing the space in hidden dimensions, which provides the basis and background for the gravitational force through the curvature of space-time. Space-time is considered to be made of a four-dimensional elastic grid in a seven-dimensional universe in which matter also expands along with the universe. Each cube of the grid is considered a quantum of hidden three-dimensional space of Planck volume containing Planck charge, which makes the universe seven dimensional. The dark energy is explained by the electrostatic repulsion between Planck charges in each quantum of the hidden space. Mathematically, this electrostatic repulsion is related to the Hubble constant, which explains the accelerated expansion, dark energy, and increase in the cosmological potential energy of the matter. Expansion of space-time is considered not due to the creation of the new space but due to the stretching of the existing space-time itself like an elastic ruler where the proper length and volume remain constant. The relative values of the Planck constant, gravitational constant, permittivity of free space, and Boltzmann constant are shown to vary owing to the expansion or contraction of space-time in the cosmological, gravitational, and relativistic frameworks. This theory also builds a preliminary framework for the relativistic Newtonian theory of gravity, the relativistic MONDian (Modified Newtonian dynamics) gravity, identifies a valid reason for the transition of Newtonian gravity to MOND at a0 and explains the dynamics of galaxy clusters without the dark matter.
Non trivial zeros of the Zeta function using the differential equations
Authors: OUKIL Walid
Published: March 2024

Using the differential equations, we obtain a more flexible expression for the Riemann Zeta function on the right half-plan except the point $s=1$. Thanks to the Riemann functional equation, we obtain an approach to prove that the Zeta function does not vanish at any point $s$ of the critical strip such that $1-2\Re(s)\neq 0$.
Effect phase transition of Kerr-Sen Black Holes
Authors: CHEN WEN-XIANG
Published: March 2024

This study explores the thermodynamic geometry of Kerr-Sen black holes, applying the Ruppeiner geometry framework to analyze their phase transitions and stability. Through this approach, critical points indicative of phase transitions, akin to those found in conventional thermodynamic systems like the Van der Waals gas, are identified. These critical points, characterized by divergences in the curvature scalar, signify transitions between various rotational and charged phases of Kerr-Sen black holes. Additionally, the influence of string theory parameters, such as the dilaton field, on the thermodynamic behavior of these black holes is highlighted, emphasizing the connection between black hole physics and the foundational aspects of string theory. By drawing parallels between the phase transition properties of Kerr-Sen black holes and Van der Waals gases, this study underscores the universality of thermodynamic principles across both terrestrial and cosmic scales. Our findings not only deepen the understanding of Kerr-Sen black hole thermodynamics but also suggest potential observational signatures, bridging theoretical physics with astrophysical phenomena.
The virtual pivot point concept improves predictions of ground reaction forces
Authors: Wagner Heiko , Schmitz Oliver , Boström Kim J.
Published: March 2024

Ground reaction forces (GRFs) are essential for the analysis of human movement. To measure GRFs, 3D force plates that are fixed to the floor are used with large measuring ranges, excellent accuracy and high sample frequency. For less dynamic movements, like walking or squatting, portable 3D force plates are used, while if just the vertical component of the GRFs is of interest, pressure plates or in-shoe pressure measurements are often preferred. In many cases, however, it is impossible to measure 3D GRFs, e.g., during athletic competitions, at work or everyday life. It is still challenging to predict the horizontal components of the GRFs from kinematics using biomechanical models. The virtual pivot point (VPP) concept states that measured GRFs during walking intercept in a point located above the center of mass, while during running, the GRFs cross each other at a point below the center of mass. In the present study, this concept is used to compare predicted GRFs from measured kinematics with measured 3D-GRFs, not only during walking but also during more static movements like squatting and inline lunge. To predict the GRFs a full-body biomechanical model was used while gradually changing the positions of the VPP. It is shown that an optimal VPP improves the prediction of GRFs not only for walking but also for inline lunge and squats.
Shape or size matters? Towards standard reporting of tensile testing parameters for human soft tissues: systematic review and finite element analysis
Authors: Lin Alvin C. , Pirrung Felix , Niestrawska Justyna A. , Ondruschka Benjamin , Pinter Gerald , Henyš Petr , Hammer Niels
Published: March 2024

Material properties of soft-tissue samples are often derived through uniaxial tensile testing. For engineering materials, testing parameters (e.g., sample geometries and clamping conditions) are described by international standards; for biological tissues, such standards do not exist. To investigate what testing parameters have been reported for tensile testing of human soft-tissue samples, a systematic review of the literature was performed using PRISMA guidelines. Soft tissues are described as anisotropic and/or hyperelastic. Thus, we explored how the retrieved parameters compared against standards for engineering materials of similar characteristics. All research articles published in English, with an Abstract, and before 1 January 2023 were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and BASE. After screening of articles based on search terms and exclusion criteria, a total 1,096 articles were assessed for eligibility, from which 361 studies were retrieved and included in this review. We found that a non-tapered shape is most common (209 of 361), followed by a tapered sample shape (92 of 361). However, clamping conditions varied and were underreported (156 of 361). As a preliminary attempt to explore how the retrieved parameters might influence the stress distribution under tensile loading, a pilot study was performed using finite element analysis (FEA) and constitutive modeling for a clamped sample of little or no fiber dispersion. The preliminary FE simulation results might suggest the hypothesis that different sample geometries could have a profound influence on the stress-distribution under tensile loading. However, no conclusions can be drawn from these simulations, and future studies should involve exploring different sample geometries under different computational models and sample parameters (such as fiber dispersion and clamping effects). Taken together, reporting and choice of testing parameters remain as challenges, and as such, recommendations towards standard reporting of uniaxial tensile testing parameters for human soft tissues are proposed.
Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms with concomitant CALR mutation and BCR::ABL1 translocation: diagnostic and therapeutic implications of a rare hybrid disease
Authors: Zanelli Magda , Fragliasso Valentina , Loscocco Giuseppe Gaetano , Sanguedolce Francesca , Broggi Giuseppe , Zizzo Maurizio , Palicelli Andrea , Ricci Stefano , Ambrogi Elisa , Martino Giovanni , Aversa Sara , Coppa Francesca , Gentile Pietro , Gozzi Fabrizio , Caltabiano Rosario , Koufopoulos Nektarios , Asaturova Aleksandra , Cimino Luca , Cavazza Alberto , Orcioni Giulio Fraternali , Ascani Stefano
Published: March 2024

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are subdivided into Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Ph-negative MPNs. BCR::ABL1 translocation is essential for the development and diagnosis of CML; on the other hand, the majority of Ph-negative MPNs are characterized by generally mutually exclusive mutations of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), calreticulin (CALR), or thrombopoietin receptor/myeloproliferative leukemia (MPL). CALR mutations have been described essentially in JAK2 and MPL wild-type essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. Rarely coexisting CALR and MPL mutations have been found in Ph-negative MPNs. BCR::ABL1 translocation and JAK2 mutations were initially considered mutually exclusive genomic events, but a discrete number of cases with the combination of these genetic alterations have been reported. The presence of BCR::ABL1 translocation with a coexisting CALR mutation is even more uncommon. Herein, starting from a routinely diagnosed case of CALR-mutated primary myelofibrosis subsequently acquiring BCR::ABL1 translocation, we performed a comprehensive review of the literature, discussing the clinicopathologic and molecular features, as well as the outcome and treatment of cases with BCR::ABL1 and CALR co-occurrence.
Unsaid known in the boardroom: theorizing unspoken assessments of behavioral board dynamics
Authors: Engbers Marilieke , Khapova Svetlana N. , van de Loo Erik
Published: March 2024

Effective board performance relies heavily on the smooth exchange of information and knowledge among members. However, the sociocognitive processes surrounding these information exchanges within boards, known as board dynamics, are often treated as a black box in corporate governance research. With the goal of advancing the understanding of communication-centered board dynamics, this paper develops a theoretical model of unsaid known in the boardroom. Drawing on the communication, psycho-dynamics, and governance literature, we theorize how board members jointly make sense through what they think and say and not say and offer propositions. We discern between the implicit theories of senders and listeners, shaping decision-making. Our conceptual model suggests that heightened collective awareness among board members regarding communication incongruences can improve decision-making. Addressing these discrepancies can enhance boards’ capacity for informed decision-making and optimize outcomes.
Linking preoperative and early intensive care unit data for prolonged intubation prediction
Authors: Wang Yuqiang , Zhu Shihui , Liu Xiaoli , Zhao Bochao , Zhang Xiu , Luo Zeruxin , Liu Peizhao , Guo Yingqiang , Zhang Zhengbo , Yu Pengming
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Prolonged intubation (PI) is a frequently encountered severe complication among patients following cardiac surgery (CS). Solely concentrating on preoperative data, devoid of sufficient consideration for the ongoing impact of surgical, anesthetic, and cardiopulmonary bypass procedures on subsequent respiratory system function, could potentially compromise the predictive accuracy of disease prognosis. In response to this challenge, we formulated and externally validated an intelligible prediction model tailored for CS patients, leveraging both preoperative information and early intensive care unit (ICU) data to facilitate early prophylaxis for PI.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study, analyzing adult patients who underwent CS and utilizing data from two publicly available ICU databases, namely, the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care and the eICU Collaborative Research Database. PI was defined as necessitating intubation for over 24 h. The predictive model was constructed using multivariable logistic regression. External validation of the model's predictive performance was conducted, and the findings were elucidated through visualization techniques.

Results

The incidence rates of PI in the training, testing, and external validation cohorts were 11.8%, 12.1%, and 17.5%, respectively. We identified 11 predictive factors associated with PI following CS: plateau pressure [odds ratio (OR), 1.133; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.111–1.157], lactate level (OR, 1.131; 95% CI, 1.067–1.2), Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR, 1.166; 95% CI, 1.115–1.219), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (OR, 1.096; 95% CI, 1.061–1.132), central venous pressure (OR, 1.052; 95% CI, 1.033–1.073), anion gap (OR, 1.075; 95% CI, 1.043–1.107), positive end-expiratory pressure (OR, 1.087; 95% CI, 1.047–1.129), vasopressor usage (OR, 1.521; 95% CI, 1.23–1.879), Visual Analog Scale score (OR, 0.928; 95% CI, 0.893–0.964), pH value (OR, 0.757; 95% CI, 0.629–0.913), and blood urea nitrogen level (OR, 1.011; 95% CI, 1.003–1.02). The model exhibited an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.853 (95% CI, 0.840–0.865) in the training cohort, 0.867 (95% CI, 0.853–0.882) in the testing cohort, and 0.704 (95% CI, 0.679–0.727) in the external validation cohort.

Conclusions

Through multicenter internal and external validation, our model, which integrates early ICU data and preoperative information, exhibited outstanding discriminative capability. This integration allows for the accurate assessment of PI risk in the initial phases following CS, facilitating timely interventions to mitigate adverse outcomes.
Re-estimation of the vertical sensible heat flux by determining the environmental temperature on a single-point tower measurement
Authors: Qi Yongfeng , Shang Xiaodong , Chen Guiying , Gao Zhiqiu , Bi Xueyan , Yu Linghui , Mao Huabin
Published: March 2024

Surface energy balance has always been a goal of those studying the Earth’s climate system. However, many studies have demonstrated that turbulent heat fluxes are usually underestimated by eddy covariance (EC) measurements, such that the energy balance is not closed. This study proposes a new perspective on calculating sensible heat flux based on the environmental temperature using EC. Using this approach, additional sensible heat fluxes were detected as outcomes of the vertical transportation of thermal structures in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL). For data obtained over a 40-day period over a grassland in Southern China, additional sensible heat flux observations exceeding 50 W m−2 were measured for 8 of the 40 days; smaller but still significant contributions were captured for another 11 days. In the proposed model, the difference between the mean and environmental temperature (∆T) and the local mean vertical velocity (w¯) serve as determinants for the additional flux, where the former can be deemed as the activity level of the thermal structures. A modeled underestimation of α[w¯] Ht of the total vertical sensible heat flux was revealed using our method, where α equals 3.55 for this study, Ht is the traditional EC results, and [w¯] is the non-dimensional w¯. Moreover, the additional flux usually showed large values in the daytime that were not detectable using the traditional EC method; this may help explain the energy imbalance problem in the ASL.
Trends of correlations between serum levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in general practice
Authors: Oguni Kohei , Yamamoto Koichiro , Nakano Yasuhiro , Soejima Yoshiaki , Suyama Atsuhito , Takase Ryosuke , Yasuda Miho , Hasegawa Kou , Otsuka Fumio
Published: March 2024

Serum levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I are crucial in the diagnosis and management of GH-related diseases. However, these levels are affected by nutritional and metabolic status. To elucidate the correlations between GH and IGF-I in various conditions, a retrospective analysis was performed for adult patients in which GH levels were examined by general practitioners during the period from January 2019 to December 2021. Of 642 patients, 33 patients were diagnosed with acromegaly, 21 were diagnosed with GH deficiency (GHD), and 588 were diagnosed with non-GH-related diseases (NGRD). In contrast to the positive correlations found between the levels of GH and IGF-I in patients with acromegaly (R=0.50; P<0.001) and patients with GHD (R=0.39; P=0.08), a negative correlation was found in the NGRD group (R=-0.23; P<0.001). In that group, the results of multivariable analysis showed that GH levels were predominantly influenced by gender and body mass index (BMI), whereas IGF-I levels were modulated by albumin in addition to age and GH. Of note, in the NGRD group, there was an enhanced negative correlation between GH and IGF-I under conditions of BMI < 22 and albumin < 4.0 g/dL (R=-0.45; P<0.001), and the negative correlation between GH and IGF-I was reinforced by excluding patients with other pituitary diseases and patients taking oral steroids (R=-0.51; P<0.001 and R=-0.59; P<0.001, respectively). Collectively, the results indicate that attention should be given to the presence of a negative correlation between serum levels of GH and IGF-I, especially in lean and low-nutritious conditions.
Indirect lightning performance of 10-kV overhead distribution lines
Authors: Yu Jianli , Gu Shanmao , Liu Jianjun , Liu He
Published: March 2024

The lightning-induced voltage in 10-kV overhead distribution lines was calculated and analyzed using the Agrawal coupling model and second-order finite difference-time domain (FDTD) method. The influence of lightning position on lightning-induced voltage was analyzed using the concept of indirect lightning withstanding levels. To achieve the limiting effect on lightning-induced voltage in 10-kV lines, the installation density of surge arresters should not be less than 1 group per 200–300 m.
Establishment of terrestrial mammals on former reservoir beds following large dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA
Authors: McCaffery Rebecca M. , Cendejas-Zarelli Sara J. , Goodwin Katy R. , Happe Patricia J. , Jenkins Kurt J. , Sager-Fradkin Kimberly A.
Published: March 2024

Terrestrial wildlife species are important yet often overlooked taxa in the recovery of ecosystems following dam removal. Their presence can shape ecosystem recovery, signal restoration of ecosystem function, and influence food web dynamics and nutrient transfer. We used camera traps to examine seasonal use of two former reservoir beds and an upstream reference reach by the mammalian community following the removal of two large dams on the Elwha River, Washington, USA. For certain taxa, we compared current species use to data collected prior to dam removal. Camera traps revealed use by at least fifteen mammal species, including but not limited to American black bear (Ursus americanus), Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti), puma (Puma concolor), coyotes (Canis latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus). Coyotes were found mostly lower in the watershed outside the Olympic National Park boundary, while other species were distributed throughout the restoration area. We did not see major differences in species composition between the restoration areas and the upstream reference reach, though number of detections across study reaches differed for most species. Unlike previous findings, black bears were observed across all seasons in this study, suggesting a shift in seasonal use since dam removal. Full restoration of the terrestrial wildlife community could take decades to unfold, but early patterns demonstrate rapid establishment and use by wildlife on new riparian surfaces that are expected to continue to evolve with restoration of fish and vegetation communities.
Suitability assessment for forest landscape restoration based on species diversity conservation
Authors: Fan Niqiao , Wang Yiwen , Yang Xin , Li Jiajing , Kang Jiemin , Liu Qiang , Zhang Zhidong
Published: March 2024

Forest landscape fragmentation poses a significant challenge to the conservation of species diversity. Evaluating the suitability of forest landscape restoration (FLR) becomes essential as it promotes effective management of forest resources and protects species diversity. This study focused on deploying and testing a suitability evaluation framework system for FLR in the Saihanba area of Hebei, China. The framework system incorporated factors such as land cover type, landscape structure, soil quality, and topography. Using the matter-element model, the study evaluated the restoration suitability and identified priority restoration areas. The results revealed that land cover type and landscape structure were the primary factors influencing FLR in the study area. The suitable area for FLR in the study area was about 519.20 km2, accounting for 55.55% of the total area. The area of moderate, marginal, and unsuitable restoration accounted for 17.30%, 23.96%, and 3.18% of the study area, respectively. The suitable restoration areas predominantly consisted of natural secondary forest characterized by large patch areas, short distances between patches, and complex patch shapes. In the study area, the objective of FLR should be protect large and complex shaped patches of natural secondary forests for better conservation of species diversity. The FLR suitability evaluation conducted in this study provide a valuable guidance for promoting species-diversity conservation and restoration of forest ecosystems at the landscape scale in the study area and other similar regions.
Mutation analysis and clinical profile of South African patients with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) phenotype
Authors: Mudau Maria Mabyalwa , Dillon Bronwyn , Smal Clarice , Feben Candice , Honey Engela , Carstens Nadia , Krause Amanda
Published: March 2024

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition with complete age-dependent penetrance, variable expressivity and a global prevalence of ∼1/3,000. It is characteriszed by numerous café-au-lait macules, skin freckling in the inguinal or axillary regions, Lisch nodules of the iris, optic gliomas, neurofibromas, and tumour predisposition. The diagnostic testing strategy for NF1 includes testing for DNA single nucleotide variants (SNVs), copy number variants (CNVs) as well as RNA analysis for deep intronic and splice variants, which can cumulatively identify the causative variant in 95% of patients. In the present study, NF1 patients were screened using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay targeting NF1 exons and intron/exon boundaries for SNV and NF1 multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis for CNV detection. Twenty-six unrelated Southern African patients clinically suspected of having NF1, based on the clinical diagnostic criteria developed by the National Institute of Health (NIH), were included in the current study. A detection rate of 58% (15/26) was obtained, with SNVs identified in 80% (12/15) using a targeted gene panel and NF1 gene deletion in 20% (3/15) identified using MLPA. Ten patients (38%) had no variants identified, although they met NF1 diagnostic criteria. One VUS was identified in this study in a patient that met NF1 diagnostic criteria, however there was no sufficient information to classify variant as pathogenic. The clinical features of Southern African patients with NF1 are similar to that of the known NF1 phenotype, with the exception of a lower frequency of plexiform neurofibromas and a higher frequency of developmental/intellectual disability compared to other cohorts. This is the first clinical and molecular characterisation of a Southern African ancestry NF1 cohort using both next-generation sequencing and MLPA analysis. A significant number of patients remained without a diagnosis following DNA-level testing. The current study offers a potential molecular testing strategy for our low resource environment that could benefit a significant proportion of patients who previously only received a clinical diagnosis without molecular confirmation.