bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Office investigations for myasthenia gravis: comparative analysis
Authors: R Lavanya S , Padmavathy  , Ramakrishnan
Published: March 2020

The purpose was to study the diagnostic yield of the various tests including lid fatigue test, Cogan twitch, Rest test, Ice test and Repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) study in clinically diagnosed myasthenic patients.

A prospective study of newly diagnosed myasthenic patients was done at tertiary eye - care centre. Totally, 58 patients underwent tests for the confirmation of myasthenia gravis. Fishers Exact test was used for comparative analysis.

Average age of presentation was 44.13 years. Number of male and female were 33 (56.9%) and 25 (43.1%). 8 (13.8%) patients were under the age of 15 years. Variability was observed in 47/58 (81.04%) patients and Fatigue was seen in 40 /58(68.97%) patients. Cogan twitch was observed in 28/58(48.28%) patients. Sensitivity of Rest test was 50%. Sensitivity of Ice test was 72.4%. Ice test positivity was 90% (9/10) in mild, 75% (21/28) in moderate, 68.75% (11/16) in severe ptosis indicating that increasing severity decreases the sensitivity. Sensitivity of combined Rest test and ice test was 90 %. Sensitivity of RNS study was 90%. The difference between the RNS study and Ice test was not statistically significant (p- 0.583). However RNS study showed higher percentage of positivity.

Ice test is more sensitive than rest test. Rest test and Ice test are simple, cost benefit bed side tests when combined, have sensitivity equivalent to RNS study. However RNS study is the gold standard confirmatory test.
A study to compare outcome of anterior flap suturing versus double flap anastamosis in external dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Damle Vasudha , Chand Agarwal Prakash
Published: March 2020

To compare the results of anterior flap suturing with excision of posterior flaps and both anterior & posterior flaps suturing in external DCR

Total 46 patients were divided into 2 groups, 23 in each. In Group A cases with anterior flap anastamosis were included and in group B cases with double flap suturing were included. Comparison was done in terms of ease of procedure, total surgical time, recurrence and success rate. Mean surgical time was evaluated in both the groups.

Mean age in years was 53.56 ± 7.19. Suturing the flaps was found convenient and easy in Group A (91.30%) in comparison to group B (13.04%). Total mean surgical time was 55.09 ± 3.96 minutes. In Group A it was 51.43 ± 0.99 minutes and in group B it was 58.74 ± 1.78 minutes. In Group A mean surgical time was less in comparison to group B and it was statistically highly significant. Success rate assessed by patent syringing, was 91.30% in Group A and 95.65% in Group B.

Only anterior flap suturing with trimming of posterior flaps in comparison to double flap anastamosis makes external DCR an easy and less time consuming procedure.
The clinical profile and aetiological pattern of anterior uveitis- A hospital based study
Authors: Shanthaveerappa Prathibha , Tegginamatha Nithisha , Parappallil Remya
Published: March 2020

Uveitis is a group of complex inflammatory disorder of the uveal tract with diverse aetiology. The most common formis anterioruveitis affecting the iris and pars plicata of the ciliary body which can lead to severe vision threatening complications if not treated appropriately.

1. To study the incidence, modes of presentation and etiological patternof anterior uveitis. 2. To evaluate the treatment, its outcome and the complications that could occur over the study period.

A prospective cross sectional clinical study was conducted in the department of ophthalmology in 30 patients who were clinically diagnosed with anterior uveitis over a period of one year. All the patients underwent adetailed ophthalmic evaluation and relevant laboratory investigations. They were givenappropriate treatment according to the cause and the clinical clues and were also followed up for anycomplication during the study period.

Anterior uveitis occurred most commonly in the 41 to 50 years age group. Majority of the cases had nongranulomatous inflammation (86%) but aetiology remained unknown in 30% of the cases. Herpetic infection (16%) was the commonest cause followed by phacolyticuveitis and tuberculosis. Most cases responded favourably to medical management.

A balanced view of the disease needs to be taken while investigating and treating anterior uveitis. A thorough history and physical examination is required in each case to facilitate a final diagnosis. A timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment however can improve visual outcome.
Role of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in HIV associated macular edema: A retrospective clinical trial
Authors: Bala Bivas , Sadhukhan Kaushik
Published: March 2020

To investigate the role of intravitreal sustained release dexamethasone implant in AIDS associated macular edema.

This hospital based retrospective interventional study (nonrandomized) was conducted in Malda Medical College, West Bengal, India from September 2017 to august 2019 where 18 eyes of 18 patients with HIV were included. After proper history taking and required investigations, intravitreal sustained release dexamethasone implant was injected to each patient in respective eye under topical anaesthesia with strict aseptic measures and utmost care. Institutional clearance and written informed consent from each patient were taken before the procedure. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and central macular thickness (CMT) evaluation by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed at baseline and after 1 month, 3 months, 6 months of injection. The data obtained then were put for paired t test using SPSS software.

All patients had shown improvement in terms of BCVA as well as reduction of central macular thickness (CMT). 12 patients had increased IOP at first visit for which topical anti glaucoma drugs were prescribed and on subsequent visits their IOP were under control.

Intravitreal sustained release dexamethasone implant is a good option to tackle macular edema in HIV infected patients.
Vitiligo Iridis: A case report
Authors: Garg Pragati , Gupta Aditi , Raj Priyanka
Published: March 2020

To report an unusual case of vitiligo iridis.

We examined a 55 year old woman attending our OPD with diminution of vision. Upon examination, we found multiple greyish-white circular spots on the anterior surface of the iris with punched out margins in the left eye. She also had a history of small pox in the past.

Vitiligo iridis is a rare sequelae of Variola (small pox) infection. There are a few causes like surgical trauma, chronic iridocyclitis, chronic glaucoma, etc., which can cause iris atrophic patches but Variola infection is the most common cause of vitiligo iridis presenting with focal areas of iris atrophy.

Even though the small pox has been eradicated, the patients of the elderly age group might present with the incidental findings of vitiligo iridis, which may or may not be associated with elevated intraocular pressure. Vitiligo iridis can present as a complication of a number of conditions. Hence, finding out the probable cause becomes of great importance to help prevent misdiagnosis as an unrelated cause of focal or multifocal iris atrophy. This can in turn help further management of the underlying cause.
Bilateral lacrimal gland enlargement in a patient with thyroid orbitopathy
Authors: Narayana-swamy Nagalakshmi , Farhath Tasneem Alhaj
Published: March 2020

: Thyroid Orbitopathy is a condition associated with thyroid dysfunction. In addition to exophthalmos, eyelid retraction, eyelid oedema, restrictive extra-ocular myopathy, lacrimal gland enlargement can also be observed in these patients. However thyroid orbitopathy is not usually been considered in the differential diagnosis of cases of isolated lacrimal gland enlargement.

An elderly male patient at our institution presented with bilateral lacrimal gland enlargement as the clinical or radiologic sign and was later diagnosed as thyroid orbitopathy. Computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging of the orbits were obtained and demonstrated isolated lacrimal gland enlargement with enlargement of lateral rectus and inferior rectus.

A case of bilateral lacrimal gland enlargement found in a patient with thyroid orbitopathy was noted. Patient was investigated and kept on follow up.

: This case represents, enlargement of lacrimal gland as a presenting sign of thyroid orbitopathy. Further clinical and radiological studies are essential for a better understanding of the timing of lacrimal gland involvement. In such patients presenting with lacrimal gland enlargement, thyroid orbitopathy should be strongly considere d in the differential diagnosis in addition to causes such as of dacryo-adenitis and neoplasms.
Peran Habitus dalam Pembentukan Kapital Intelektual Peserta Didik di Madrasah
Authors: Puspita Fulan , Almawangir Fathiyatul Haq Mai
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aims to describe the role of habitus in increasing intellectual capitalcarried out in Madrasa. The type of research is a qualitative field research with adescriptive approach. The result of this study explains that the role of habitus informing the intellectual capital is carried out in 4 activities namely, (1). Fosteringin madrasah, (2). Memorization of Koran (hafidz of Koran) and carrying out therituals of obligatory prayer and sunna. (3). Study of female fiqh and (4).Talk/speech in four languages (Arabic, English, Javanese and Indonesian) andhadith reading.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran habitus dalampeningkatan kapital intelektual yang dilakukan di madrasah. Jenis penelitianyang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan jenis kualitatif dengan denganpendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa peran habitusdalam membentuk kapital intelektual dilakukan dalam 4 kegiatan yaitu, (1).Pembinaan di madrasah, (2). Hafalan al-Qur’an (hafidz al-Qur’an) sertamelaksanakan ritual shalat wajib dan sunnah. (3). Kajian fiqh wanita dan (4).Kultum atau pidato empat bahasa (Arab, Inggris, Jawa dan Indonesia) danpembacaan hadist.
Girassol suplementado com percolado de aterro sanitário e submetido à salinidade
Authors: De Arruda Julyanne Fonteles , Sena Larissa Moraes , Batista de Brito Paulo Ovídio , Nunes Júnior Francisco Holanda , Pontes Filho Roberto Albuquerque , Gondim Franklin Aragão
Published: March 2020

O percolado de aterro sanitário é um líquido produzido a partir de processos físicos, químicos e biológicos aos quais os resíduos sólidos urbanos são submetidos nos aterros sanitários. Apresenta uma composição físico-química variável e pode conter altos teores de nutrientes, sendo assim empregado na fertilização de plantas. Por isso, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento de plantas de girassol irrigadas com água de moderada salinidade e com suplementação nutricional com percolado de aterro sanitário. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental com cobertura de nylon (sombrite), sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado em um fatorial 4 x 2, sendo [1: 100% de areia de granulometria fina - NBR 6502; 2: areia + adubo/fertilizante orgânico misto (mistura de bagaço de cana, esterco bovino, esterco de galinha, serragem de madeira e gesso agrícola) e 80 kg de N ha-1, 3: areia + percolado de aterro sanitário e 80 kg de N ha-1; e 4: areia + percolado de aterro sanitário e 160 kg de N ha-1] e duas concentrações salinas da água de irrigação [irrigação com água destilada ou solução de NaCl a 60 mM], com 10 repetições, em vasos de 12 L. Foram realizadas análises de crescimento (altura, diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas), teores relativos de clorofila e diâmetro dos capítulos. Nas condições experimentais empregadas, substrato arenoso, as concentrações de percolado de aterro sanitário utilizadas promoveram incrementos em todas as variáveis de crescimento analisadas nas plântulas de girassol, especialmente a 80 Kg N ha-1. A irrigação com solução de NaCl a 60 mM não ocasionou efeitos negativos nas variáveis de crescimento, demonstrando assim a tolerância moderada das plantas de girassol à salinidade em substrato arenoso.
Recepção das ações do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco por agricultores de São Bento do Una, Pernambuco
Authors: Lopes Mízia Fabiana Moreira Barbosa , Costa Jakes Halan de Queiroz , Santos Tânia Marta Carvalho dos , Lima Conceição Maria Dias , Lopes José Cândido  Barbosa
Published: March 2020

A produção de alimentos está sendo muito discutida mundialmente, tanto no que diz respeito ao aumento da produtividade para atender as necessidades da crescente população como também à qualidade desses alimentos. As pequenas propriedades agrícolas são encarregadas de produzir para a maioria da população e para própria subsistência familiar. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho revelar a importância das ações de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (ATER) para permanência de pequenos agricultores no campo, devido ao seu papel na produção de alimentos e na geração de emprego. O estudo foi realizado no município de São Bento do Una/Pernambuco, o qual recebe assistência técnica do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA). Foram feitas entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado aos agricultores familiares e aos técnicos do IPA, além de observações diretas englobando dados qualitativos e quantitativos. Foi percebida uma necessidade de maior atenção do governo, com mais políticas públicas para que os serviços, projetos e programas possam ser melhores desenvolvidos. Nesse sentido, os agricultores familiares necessitam de ações de ATER mais efetivas e que tragam melhores condições de trabalho e desenvolvimento para o meio rural do município.
Preparo da semente de colubrina para execução do teste de tetrazólio
Authors: Fernandes Moraes Pablo Henrique , Cavalcante Laura Veríssimo , Albuquerque Asclépio Silva de , Rodrigues Amanda Maria Carlos , Andrade Melo Luan Danilo Ferreira de , Melo Junior João Luciano De Andrade
Published: March 2020

Colubrina glandulosa Perkins, conhecida popularmente como sobrasil, é uma espécie de importância ecológica e socioeconômica, porém ameaçada de extinção. Suas sementes apresentam germinação baixa, lenta e desuniforme. Sabendo que o teste de tetrazólio tem se destacado por sua eficácia e rapidez quando se deseja respostas rápidas sobre a qualidade das sementes, este estudo objetivou estabelecer a melhor concentração da solução de tetrazólio e o período de coloração para avaliar a viabilidade das sementes de Colubrina glandulosa. As sementes foram pré-umedecidas em papel toalha e colocadas em uma câmara de germinação a 30 °C por cinco horas. Posteriormente, a porção do cotilédone contendo o embrião foi imersa em solução de 2,3,5-trifenil cloreto de tetrazólio em quatro concentrações de 0,075; 0,1; 0,5 e 1,0% por três períodos de coloração (2, 4 e 6 horas) a 30 ºC no escuro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 + 1 (4 concentrações de solução de tetrazólio x 3 períodos de coloração + 1 controle – teste de germinação). O teste de tetrazólio foi eficiente para estimar a viabilidade de sementes de C. glandulosa, e a concentração de 0,075% por quatro horas a 30 ºC foi a melhor condição.
Qualidade microbiológica de Caldo de cana-de-açúcar comercializado em feira livre de União dos Palmares, Alagoas
Authors: Ataíde Clara Beatriz , Silva Sybelle Geórgia Mesquita da , Silva João Manoel da , Rocha Jéssica Raimundo da , Santos Jéssica Marcy Silva Melo , Santos Tania Marta Carvalho dos
Published: March 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de amostras de caldo-de-cana de açúcar comercializados em feira livre no Estado de Alagoas. Sete amostras de caldos de cana-de-açúcar comercializados informalmente foram coletadas durante intervalos de quinze dias e levadas ao laboratório para as devidas análises. As amostras coletadas assepticamente foram diluídas em solução salina peptonada 0,1%, onde 25 mL de cada amostra foi diluída em 225 mL desta solução e inoculadas em tubos de ensaio contendo meio Lauryl Sulfato Triptose e um tubo de Durham invertido para os testes presuntivos e, posteriormente, as amostras que formaram gás foram transferidas para tubos contendo meio E.C. e Verde Brilhante para testes de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, respectivamente. As leveduras foram analisadas por meio de inoculação em meio BDA e visualização microscópica. A detecção de protozoários foi feita através de armadilhas confeccionadas em tubo PVC em meio Agar-água. A sujidade foi analisada por meio de filtração e observação microscópica. Todas as amostras apresentaram coliformes totais e termotolerantes com contagem máxima de >2400 NMP/mL. A contagem de leveduras mostrou 8x10-6 UFC. Dois caldos de cana-de-açúcar na primeira coleta apresentaram protozoários. E nenhum apresentou de sujidades. Diante dos dados, constata-se que os caldos de cana-de-açúcar estão fora dos padrões estabelecidos para com alimentos in natura.
Compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante em frutos de noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn)
Authors: Farias Emanuel Tarcisio , Santos Adriana Ferreira dos , Lopes Maíra Felinto , Bezerra Júlia Medeiros , Silva Fernanda Vanessa Gomes
Published: March 2020

O consumo de frutas in natura é crescente em todo o mundo devido a fatores que levam a modificações nos hábitos alimentares das pessoas, como o cuidado com a saúde e os aspectos nutritivos dos alimentos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade, quantificar os compostos bioativos e a capacidade antioxidante dos frutos de noni em cinco estádios de maturação. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos de Origem Vegetal do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, no Campus de Pombal - PB. Os frutos foram provenientes de plantios localizados na cidade de Fortaleza – CE, sendo colhidos diretamente na copa da planta, tomando-se como índice de colheita a coloração da casca. Foram realizadas avaliações físicas, físico-químicas, de compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante nos frutos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (p˂0,05). Características físico-químicas de sólidos solúveis, açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores e relação SS/AT, aumentaram com o avanço da maturação. Para os compostos bioativos, o teor de ácido ascórbico aumentou de forma considerável com o avanço da maturação, assim como também valores representativos para os compostos fenólicos. Os frutos estudados apresentaram propriedade antioxidante, aumentando o poder redutor com o amadurecimento. Conclui-se que os frutos avaliados apresentaram quantidades consideráveis de compostos biologicamente ativos, podendo constituir como uma boa fonte de antioxidantes naturais.
CUTTING TOOL EQUIPMENT OF TURNING SURFACES OF A COMPLEX PROFILE
Authors:   JS «Scientific Research Engineering Institute», Kudryashov E.A. , Smirnov I.M. ,   JS «Scientific Research Engineering Institute»
Published: March 2020

The article shows the technological problems associated with turning by the indexable inserts parts with a complex profile, formed by a combination of rotational surfaces with the elements of the rupture – various grooves, holes, slots, recesses, etc., when cutting with difficulty creating the accuracy and quality. In the course of turning discontinuous surfaces, the relationship between the cutting element and the workpiece surface is es-tablished, as well as the design features of the tools used. The article shows the ways to improve the tool equipment of turning surfaces of a complex profile concerning the pres-ervation of the tool life during the period of cutting parts on the one hand and the need to obtain a quality of the products produced on the other hand.
NVESTMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF WELLS
Authors:   Tyumen Industrial University, Russia, Ovchinnikov V.P. , Gerasimov D.S. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Russia, Yakovlev I.G. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Russia, Ovchinnikov P.V. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Russia, Saltykov V.V. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Russia, Rozhkova O.V. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Russia
Published: March 2020

Ensuring the tightness and integrity of the filtration and capacitance properties of hy-drocar-bon bearing productive horizons is determined by the volume and depth of pen-etration into their structure of the pore space of dispersion and dispersed phases, the technological heterogeneous systems used, their physical and mechanical properties, the insulating properties of the forming groove, the innovative solutions (technologies, tech-nical means). Based on the results of the general-ization of theoretical, experimental, field research, recommendations are given on the formulations (compositions) of technolog-ical colloidal and hardening systems to solve the problem (raising the maintenance-free period of effective well work) in the construction of wells in fields with complex geological and technological conditions for their development and development.Methods are proposed for designing a well design that takes into account the joint per-ception of excess loads by the system casing cement stone; formulations of washing biopolymer salts compositions and oil-filled materials for a wide range of thermobaric condi-tions for the occurrence of oil and gas reservoirs; the design of downhole hydrosensitivity generators on a grouting mortar pumped through them. The proposed investment solu-tions with positive results are tested during the construction of wells.
A Decent House, a Decent Job, a Decent Life: Social Reproduction Theory and Working Class Organizing in Cape Town.
Authors: Murray Adrian
Published: March 2020

While progressive coalitions continue to oppose neoliberal restructuring, organizing on the left remains fragmented and the underlying unity of the multitude of working class struggles undertheorized. Overcoming these theoretical and practical obstacles is an urgent task in the face of both renewed attempts by the state and capital to ensure stability and deepen market penetration into the remaining untouched corners of working-class life, and threats to unity generated within the left by narrow understandings of class and identity. Drawing on empirical research around struggles for housing and public services in Cape Town, South Africa, this paper argues that Social Reproduction Theory (SRT) may provide just such an integrated theorization of the diverse experiences and struggles of the working class. SRT recovers class by building from everyday experience to generate unifying understandings of class struggle within a capitalist totality in which difference within the class is constitutive.
Anti-Inflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Potential of Zilla spinosa in Animal Model
Authors: Ullah Riaz , Shahat Abdelaaty A , Alqahtani Ali S , Almarfad Omer Mohammed , Alharbi Mohammad Sayer M , Ahamad Syed Rizwan , Ali Syed Saeed
Published: March 2020

The anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activities of two concentrations (250 and 500 mg/kg) of the chloroform and butanol fractions of Zilla spinosa were determined. The carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay was exercised for assessing the anti-inflammatory activity in rats, yeast-induced hyperthermia was utilized to assess the antipyretic activity in mice and the analgesic activity was measured by three different methods (hot-plate test model in mice, tail flick test in mice and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice). The antioxidant activity was studied by using the DPPH assay. The chloroform fraction of the methanol extract of Z. spinosa (ZSC) demonstrated the maximum inhibition of inflammation (50% at 500 mg/kg; 44% at 250 mg/kg). The chloroform fraction showed significant antipyretic activities (p andlt; 0.001 at 500 mg/kg) after 60 and 120 min of administration. ZSC also exhibited significant analgesic activity (p andlt;0.001). The butanol fraction (ZSB) was inactive in all the biological screening assays.
Norfloxacin Sub-Inhibitory Concentration Affects Streptococcus suis Biofilm Formation and Virulence Gene Expression
Authors: Li Baobao , Yi Li , Li Jinpeng , Gong Shenglong , Dong Xiao , Wang Chen , Wang Yang
Published: March 2020

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major pathogen causing economic losses to the swine industry. Norfloxacins are usually used at sub-MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) doses to prevent S. suis infection. This study demonstrates the effect of norfloxacin sub-MIC on biofilm formation and virulence gene expression in S. suis.It was found that 1/4 MIC of norfloxacin increased biofilm formation in S. suis, the biofilms formed contained a higher number of viable bacteria. Additionally, bacterial growth rates were inhibited at 1/2 MIC of norfloxacin. Furthermore, the mRNA level of S. suis virulence gene cps, ef, sly, fpbs, gdh and gapdh increased by real-time PCR, while the virulence gene mrp decreased at 1/4 MIC. In conclusion, Norfloxacin sub-MICs affects biofilm formation and virulence gene expression in S. suis. These findings suggest that investigating the effect of the administration of antibiotics sub-MICs on bacterial biofilms and infection may lead to the development of future antibiotic treatments modalities.
Distal Intravenous Regional Anaesthesia for Claw Diseases in Bovines
Authors: Kumar Shaurya , Khangembam Sangeeta  Devi , Gangwar Anil Kumar , Yadav Vipin Kumar , Verma Rajesh Kumar
Published: March 2020

The bovine having surgical ailments of claw, were divided in to two groups having six animals/limbs in each group. Tourniquet for standard and modified intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA), was placed circumferentially at the middle of the metacarpus and just below dewclaw in group I and II, respectively. Lignocaine was injected @ 4 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg b.wt. in group I and group II animals, respectively. In group I, pulse rate increased significantly P andlt; 0.05 at 20 and 30 minutes. Heart rate increased significantly P andlt; 0.05 at 20 minute and 30 minute interval in group I and II animals, respectively. In animal of both groups, oxygen saturation significantly P andlt; 0.05 decreased during study time period. Systolic pressure significantly increased at 15, 20 and 20 minutes in group I animals. It was concluded that modified IVRA technique was safer as compared to standard IVRA..
ELEFAN Based Population Dynamics of Bombay Duck, Harpadon nehereus Inhabiting the Marine Waters of the West Coast of India
Authors: Mahendrakumar Fofandi , Rohit D Prathibha
Published: March 2020

We studied ELEFAN based population parameters from length-frequency data for Harpadon nehereus collected from different landing centres along the west coast of India. We analyzed the size structure and estimated growth parameters, recruitment, mortality and exploitation rate using FiSAT-II software. The asymptotic length (Lµ = 366 mm), growth coefficient (K = 0.98 year-1), total mortality (Z=3.32 year-1), natural mortality (M=1.6375 year-1), fishing mortality (F=1.6825 year-1), growth performance index (Ø = 3.12) and exploitation ratio (E = 0.51) were worked out for the species. The exploitation ratios were computed as Emax= 0.661, E10= 0.568, E50= 0.345. The length at first capture (Lc50) was estimated at 163.44 mm. The present value of E was found close to appropriate fishing pressure on the stock and a further increase of fishing pressure is not recommended.
Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Bovine Subclinical Mastitis for Virulence Genes, Phylogenetic Groups and ESBL Production
Authors: Nalband S M , Kolhe R P , Deshpande P D , Jadhav S N , Gandhale D G , Muglikar D M , Kolhe S R , Bhave S S , Jagtap U V , Dhandore C V
Published: March 2020

Pathogenic E. coli associated with bovine mastitis are least studied group of microbes in India. Thus an investigation was carried out to know the occurrence of bovine subclinical mastitis and E. coli at different dairy farms. E. coli strains isolated from clinical and environmental samples were screened for virulent genes namely, eae, bfpA, iapH, aggR, elt, est, stx1/stx2; phylogenetic groups and for ESBL production. Findings revealed high prevalence of subclinical mastitis (45%). E. coli strains were isolated from milk, udder, milking machine, floor swabs, etc. Out of 81 E. coli, 38 (46.91%) were ESBL producers. The virulent genes in single or in combination were detected in 55 strains and eae gene was predominant (43.20%). The stx1/stx2 were detected in 2.47% samples. E. coli isolates fall under phylogenetic groups B1 (58.18%), A (23.63%) and D (18.18%). Phylogenetic group B2 was not detected. Dairy cattle could act as a reservoir of ESBL type diarrheagenic E. coli.
In vitro Development of Preimplantation Caprine Embryo using Cryopreserved Black Bengal Buck Semen
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Chandra P , Konyak P , Karunakaran M , Santra A , Das Subrata K
Published: March 2020

The aim of the present study was to produce goat embryo in different culture media through in vitro fertilization using cryopreserved black Bengal buck semen. Total 1265 fresh cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected by aspiration method with a 19 gauge hypodermic needle, washed 5-6 times and cultured in maturation media maintaining 5% CO2 level at 38.5ºC with maximum humidity in a incubator. After 27 h of incubation cumulus cells were stripped off from matured oocytes and transferred to acidified Tyrode’s medium for zona thinning and co-incubated with in vitro capacitated sperms for fertilization in Fert-BO media. In the experiment I, fresh buck semen and in experiment II, frozen buck semen was used for in vitro fertilization after in vitro processing. After 5 h of co-incubation, presumptive zygotes were washed and co-incubated with oviductal cells in three different culture media (RVCL, mSOF, KSOM) for further development. In fresh group cleavage (%) were 37.76 ± 2.98, 39.60 ± 1.75, 29.01 ± 1.74, and morula formation (%) were 7.72 ± 3.38, 6.03 ± 1.29, and 3.00 ± 3.00 in RVCL, mSOF and KSOM media respectively. However, in frozen group cleavage (%) were 29.17 ± 2.56, 27.70 ± 2.31, 24.17 ± 1.44 in RVCL, mSOF and KSOM media respectively and morula formation (%) was 2.93 ± 0.97 only in RVCL media. These results indicate that cryopreserved black Bengal buck semen have competence to produce embryos and could be used for embryo development in RVCL media through in vitro fertilization.
RISK FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF LETAL OUTCOME WITH THE DEFEAT OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Arutyunova Daria D. , Gerasimov A. N. , Allenov M. N. , Maloletneva N. V. , Shabalina O. Yu. , Umbetova K. T.
Published: March 2020

Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death in HIV patients. The purpose of our study is to assess risk factors of the fatal outcome development in HIV infection patients with tuberculosis using mathematical methods. A retrospective analysis of lethal cases was performed using statistical methods and multivariate models of the mortality probability in 113 HIV infection patients at the stage of secondary diseases with respiratory damage were calculated. While calculating the prognosis coefficients of the lethal outcome was established the higher the fibrinogen level at the moment of hospitalization is the better the patients’ prognosis, and the high level of other indicators increases the probability of the lethal outcome.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL-PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS IN ADULTS
Authors: Shakhmardanov Murad Z. , Nikiforov V. V , Tomilin Y. N , Burova S. V
Published: March 2020

The incidence of acute intestinal infections in the Russian Federation remains high and does not tend to decrease. The General susceptibility of the population, the variety of pathogens of infectious diseases accompanied by diarrhea syndrome, necessitates the improvement of clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis in the treatment of patients with diarrhea at the primary stage of medical care. The article presents the etiological and epidemiological aspects of the most common in the Russian Federation acute intestinal infectious diseases accompanied by diarrhea syndrome: food toxicoinfections, viral gastroenteritis, salmonellosis, shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, pseudomembranous colitis. The sources of infection and pathways of pathogens are characterized. The pathogenesis of the main types of diarrhea caused by various pathogens of intestinal infections is described. It is shown that the action of enterotoxins of pathogens that activate adenylate cyclase contributes to the development of secretory type of diarrhea; the place of localization of the pathological process is the small intestine. Pathogens exhibiting high invasive activity contribute to the development of inflammatory type of diarrhea; the pathological process is localized in the colon. With direct damage to enterocytes of the small intestine by pathogens of viral gastroenteritis, an osmotic type of diarrhea is formed, associated with a violation of the digesting and absorption function of the small intestine. Presented distinctive clinical criteria of three types of diarrhea: color, consistency of the stool, the presence of pathological impurities in it. The differences of abdominal syndrome in the analyzed nosology: the nature and localization of abdominal pain. The presented differential diagnostic signs of diarrhea and abdominal syndrome allow for early diagnosis of infectious disease before laboratory confirmation and contribute to the improvement of the algorithm of medical care in acute intestinal infections accompanied by diarrhea syndrome.
Code-switching: The case of “Israeli Arab” students at the Arab American University-Palestine
Authors: Zaid Mohammad Salah
Published: March 2020

This study aims at shedding the light on the factors lying behind switching to Hebrew, represented with age, gender, work history and place of residence the phenomenon of code-switching between Hebrew-Arabic among Israeli Arab students at the Arab American University in Palestine. It also studies how code-switching may affect the Palestinian identity of those students. The sample of this study is twofold. The first was conducted quantitatively through randomly selecting 70 Israeli Arabs to answer an 18-item questionnaire. The findings were statistically analysed using SSPS, showing the frequencies, values, means and standard deviation which were analysed using content analysis. Also, the reliability of the paper was tested using the Cronbach Alpha formula of which the reliability coefficient was accepted and satisfied at (0.70). The researcher also conducted a qualitative approach through interviewing six students, analysed using conversational discourse analysis. The study reveals that both age and place of residence were significantly different and affected the choice of Hebrew.

Keywords: Code-switching, identity, Israeli Arabs
An investigation of Iranian EFL teachers and learners’ attitudes towards using language learning strategies
Authors: Namaziandost Ehsan , Imani Ava , Ziafar Meisam
Published: March 2020

Language learning strategies (LLS) refer to the processes and actions that are consciously deployed by language learners to help them to learn or use a languagemore effectively. Considering the importance of LLS, insufficient studies have been carried out on understanding both teachers and learners’ opinions towards using LLS in Iranian educational context. Therefore, in this project, Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers and learners’ opinions towards using LLS have been investigated. To fulfill this objective, 20 teachers and 20 learners filled out a questionnaire. After gathering the data and analyzing them, the findings revealed that the Iranian EFL Teachers and learners’ opinions towards using LLS was significantly positive. Eventually, the researchers concluded with some suggestions for educators to adopt the flipped classroom technology to create better learning environments for their students and to reach better learning consequences. The results of this paper provide strong support learning strategies are very useful and helpful in learning English as a foreign language.
Keywords: Iranian EFL teachers and learners, teachers and learners’ opinions, language learning strategies (LLS)
What does it mean to be an ‘international’ journal?: What is submitted to TLI is what shapes TLI
Authors: Chick Nancy , Mårtensson Katarina
Published: March 2020

An introduction to volume 8, issue 1 of Teaching & Learning Inquiry.
Beyond the afterglow: Effective transfer of learning through instructional design
Authors: Egan John P
Published: March 2020

This article examines the experiences of students after completing an online postgraduate learning technologies applications course with respect to the transfer of learning of skills, knowledges, and perspectives to their professional educational practice. Transfer of learning was perceived to have occurred with respect to overall course design and specific learning activities. Transfer of learning from the course to educational practice was seen as effective for most study participants; however, the strong community of practice inculcated within the course eroded after the course ended.
A self-defined professional development approach for current and aspiring educational developers
Authors: Ferris Jennie C , Samuel Carolyn
Published: March 2020

Professional development offerings for current and aspiring educational developers can be sparse and neither fully contextually appropriate nor personally relevant given the range of experiences people bring to the field. In the absence of suitable professionalization programs, we created a self-defined professional development approach to support us in our educational developer work. Using a framework for reflective writing, we describe our approach and the strategies we implemented, and we consider at a “meta” level what contributes to the viability or success of our self-defined professional development plan. Measures for assessing success were framed using utilization-focused evaluation. We outline implications for future practice and propose that a self-defined approach to professional development could be adopted and adapted by other current and aspiring educational developers.
Participant perceptions of the faculty development Educational Research Series
Authors: Dalgarno Nancy , Laverty Corinne , Egan Rylan , Garton Kendall , Soleas Eleftherios , Babando Jordan , Van Wylick Richard
Published: March 2020

Interest in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) is driven in part by the need to provide systematic academic development for faculty anchored in evidence-based practice such as the introduction of quality assurance frameworks. This article reports on a mixed-method evaluation of one institution’s grassroots multidisciplinary faculty development program, called the Educational Research Series, to determine if it met the needs of its faculty, graduate student, and staff participants. Conducted at one mid-sized university in southern Ontario and framed, as was the program design and implementation, by both adult learning theory and constructivism, the evaluation collected data from session exit surveys, attendee interviews, and facilitator focus groups. The data analysis revealed that reasons for participating included increasing levels of understanding, receiving individual support, and learning about colleagues’ research interests. The major strengths of the program included individual learning, resources, facilitator expertise, interactive sessions, and the multidisciplinary focus. The main challenges centered on depth versus breadth of the sessions, time, and educational language and theory. Participants recommended additional resources, communication among facilitators, institutional recognition, and increased depth of content. As a result of this evaluation, an Advanced Educational Research Series is being offered at the institution. This article will inform other institutions wishing to build SoTL as a field within their institutions.
Leading change from different shores: The challenges of contextualizing the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
Authors: Chng Huang Hoon , Mårtensson Katarina
Published: March 2020

This article offers narratives of individual journeys through the scholarship of leading in three different contexts—Asia, Europe, and Africa. Together, these narratives argue for the need to make explicit the diversity of practices of the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL), with each practice inextricably tied to specific geographical, sociocultural, and political contexts. In offering these contextual specificities, we call on all who engage in SoTL to exercise reflexivity in thought, language, and action—to actively foreground our mental models and assumptions about SoTL and what it looks like for ourselves and for others; to sensitively engage scholars who do not share our context; and to strive toward an inclusive mindset and practice that will situate all of us within the “international” of an international organization. We highlight the problems of language, meaning, and translation; and the challenge scholars from “different shores” face in engaging with “other” shores.
“Epic-Genetics”: An exploration of preservice helping professionals’ (mis)understanding of epigenetic influences on human development
Authors: Snyder Kate E. , Pittard Caroline M. , Fowler Allison , Watson Corey T.
Published: March 2020

Mental health researchers emphasize the importance of practitioner understanding of biology-environment interplay. Accordingly, our goal of the study described in this article was to understand students’ preconceptions and misconceptions about biological and environmental influences on development through investigating their conceptions of epigenetics. Using a short-term longitudinal design, we explored preservice helping professionals’ conceptions and misconceptions pertaining to epigenetics within the framework of a graduate level human development course. Baseline knowledge about epigenetics was low. Students developed multiple misconceptions about epigenetics and how the phenomenon relates to biological and environmental influences on human development. Students reported feeling highly efficacious for detecting and resolving misconceptions related to biology-environment interactions but varied in their perceptions of interest for learning about the content. Findings support the use of open-ended questions to detect misconceptions about epigenetics and are discussed in light of how to teach students about this phenomenon. Overall, this research speaks to the importance of understanding the misconceptions students believe and instructional strategies that may assist in correcting them.
Development of Students' Beliefs About Caring in Nursing: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Coffman Sherrilyn , Durante Katherine
Published: March 2020

This mixed-method longitudinal study explores how students in a caring-based Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program developed their beliefs about caring in nursing and perceptions of themselves as caring persons. Qualitative essays and quantitative instruments revealed that students began the nursing program with many beliefs about caring, and these ideas changed over time as students were socialized in the profession. Students' initial beliefs about caring as an ideal matured to realistic descriptions of caring in practice. Implications for faculty are to build on initial beliefs and help students extend caring toward self.
Employing Watson's Theory of Human Caring With People Experiencing Loss and Grief
Authors: Slade Julie D. , Hoh Nicole Z.
Published: March 2020

Loss is a fundamental human experience, and with loss comes grief. Healthcare's fast-paced, high-tech, professional environment is juxtaposed to the human caring focus of the nursing profession. Providing nurses with a theoretical context for working with people dealing with loss and grief will help nurses to provide care to those in need. By employing the three major conceptual elements of Watson's Theory of Human Caring, the caritas processes, the transpersonal caring relationship, and the caring occasion/caring moment, a nurse can create a more holistically therapeutic experience for patients and families.
Nurses' Perceptions of Caring: A Directed Content Analysis Based on the CARE Model
Authors: Fang Fang , Zhu Hui , Li Xiaojuan , Wei Holly
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine nurses' perceptions of caring based on the four dimensions of a CARE model—competence, altruism, responsibility, and empathy and provide practical strategies to improve nursing caring behaviors. The CARE model was developed based on parents' perceptions of healthcare providers' caring when their children were hospitalized due to critical medical conditions. In this study, a directed content analysis approach was used to analyze nurses' perceptions of caring using CARE as a guide. This study shows the consistency between nurses' and parents' perceptions of caring. Caring nurses are competent, altruistic, responsible, and empathetic.
Burnout or Compassion Fatigue? A Comparative Concept Analysis for Nurses Caring for Patients in High-Stakes Environments
Authors: Wynn Franklin
Published: March 2020

Burnout and compassion fatigue are two distinct concepts experienced by nurses caring for patients in high-stakes environments. Nurses often do not recognize which concept they are experiencing due to the similarities and interchangeable use of these terms in literature. Nurses in high-stakes settings need to have these concepts further explored as they impact their physical and psychological health. This comparative concept analysis examines these terms using Walker and Avant methodology. Defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, empirical referents, and constructed cases are discussed. This analysis adds to the nursing knowledge needed to support nurses in achieving optimal occupational health and well-being.
Effect of a Design Discharge Planning Program for Stroke Patients on Their Quality of Life and Activity of Daily Living
Authors: Said Taha Amal , Ali Ibrahim Rawia
Published: March 2020

Background: Stroke is a debilitating neurological disorder, which causes multiple physical and psychosocial challenges to people surviving a stroke. Effective discharge planning program is an active process beginning in hospitalization care and has a goal of returning to the community and aims at assisting the patients to recapture their functional independence and to return to an active and productive lifestyle. Aim: was to evaluate effect of a design discharge planning program for stroke patients on their quality of life and activity of daily living. Research design: Quasi experimental design was utilized to fulfill the aim of this study. Setting: The study was conducted at the stroke department and stroke outpatient clinics affiliated to Benha University Hospital. Sample: A convenience sample of 50 patients admitted at the above mentioned setting and diagnosed with stroke. Tools: Three tools were used: I-Patients Interviewing questionnaire sheet; II-Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale and III- Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living. Results: the present study revealed that (a) the mean total and subtotal knowledge scores of stroke patients were increased immediately after implementing a design discharge planning program with statistical significant difference compared to pre implementation. (b) The mean total and subtotal quality of life scores were higher after implementing discharge planning program with a high statistical significant difference compared to pre implementation. (c) The mean total and subtotal activity of daily living scores were higher after implementing discharge planning program with a high statistical significant difference compared to pre implementation. (d) There were a positive correlation between patients' knowledge, quality of life and activity of daily living with a statistical significant difference. So, all research hypotheses of the study were supported. Conclusion: Applying a design discharge planning program had statistically significant improvement on knowledge, quality of life and activity of daily living for studied patients. Recommendations: replication of this study on a larger probability sample and evaluating its impact on health outcomes among stroke patients.