bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NGHIÊN CỨU TÌNH HÌNH VÀ ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ BẢO TỒN HẸP BAO QUY ĐẦU Ở TRẺ EM CÁC TRƯỜNG MẪU GIÁO THÀNH PHỐ CÀ MAU NĂM 2022 – 2023
Authors: Lê Văn Khen , Bùi Quang Nghĩa
Published: September 2023

Đặt vấn đề:  Hẹp bao quy đầu sinh lý, nguyên nhân là do sự kết dính nhẹ giữa mặt trong của bao quy đầu với mặt ngoài quy đầu, tạo thành sự phân tách không rõ ràng giữa phần da quy đầu và quy đầu. Mục tiêu: (1) Xác định tỉ lệ và phân lọai hẹp bao quy đầu của trẻ em từ 36 – 72 tháng tuổi ở các trường mẫu giáo tại thành phố Cà Mau năm 2022 – 2023; (2) Đánh giá kết quả điều trị bảo tồn hẹp bao quy đầu bằng phương pháp nong bao quy đầu kết hợp bôi Betamethasone 0,05%. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang có can thiệp gồm 921 trẻ em từ 36 đến 72 tháng tuổi của 06 trường Mẫu giáo thành phố Cà Mau từ tháng 5/2022 – 3/2023. Kết quả: Có 838/921 (91%) trẻ từ 36 –72 tháng tuổi tại các trường mẫu giáo trên địa bàn tỉnh Cà Mau được chẩn đoán hẹp bao quy đầu. Trong các trẻ bị hẹp bao quy đầu thì tỷ lệ loại III chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất với 27,3%, tiếp đến là loại IV với 24,5%, loại II 21,3%, loại I là 17,9%. Sau 6 tuần điều trị, hình thái bao quy đầu: loại I 0,0%, loại II 2,0%, loại III 9,6%, loại IV 3,9% và loại V84,5%. Chưa ghi nhận trường hợp biến chứng nào. Kết luận: Điều trị bảo tồn hẹp bao quy đầu ở trẻ em các trường mẫu giáo tại thành phố Cà Mau cho kết quả tốt. Đây là một phương pháp ít xâm lấn, nhẹ nhàng, chi phí thấp, và có thể thực hiện tại cộng đồng.
KHẢO SÁT TRẢI NGHIỆM SỬ DỤNG ỨNG DỤNG DI ĐỘNG GERDCARE TRÊN NHÂN VIÊN Y TẾ
Authors: Đào Việt Hằng , Âu Thu Trang , Trần Thị Thu Trang , Lâm Ngọc Hoa , Trịnh Tố Trâm , Nguyễn Minh Hiền , Vũ Quốc Trung , Phó Tuấn Vinh , Đào Văn Long
Published: September 2023

Chuyển đổi số trong y tế và quản lý người bệnh mạn tính thông qua ứng dụng trên điện thoại đang là một lĩnh vực nhận được nhiều sự quan tâm. Ứng dụng GERDCare ra đời với mục tiêu giúp tối ưu hóa việc quản lý người bệnh trào ngược dạ dày thực quản, tuy nhiên vẫn đang trong giai đoạn hoàn thiện, cải thiện tính năng. Trên cơ sở đó, một nghiên cứu cắt ngang được thực hiện từ tháng 3 đến tháng 6 năm 2023 trên nhân viên y tế và sinh viên y, khảo sát về trải nghiệm và đánh giá sau khi sử dụng GERDCare. Có 147 đối tượng tham gia nghiên cứu trong đó nam chiếm 43,5% với độ tuổi trung bình 31,8. Kết quả cho thấy hơn 80% người dùng đánh giá các tính năng như ghi nhận sự thay đổi triệu chứng, nhắc nhở uống thuốc, cung cấp thông tin về bệnh, hướng dẫn chế độ ăn, tương tác với bác sĩ ở mức tốt, thân thiện với người sử dụng. Bên cạnh đó vẫn còn nhược điểm được ghi nhận như có những thời điểm tốc độ tải chậm trong quá trình sử dụng. Trong tương lai, sau khi tiếp tục nâng cấp và hoàn thiện, GERDCare có thể là một công cụ hữu ích trong việc hỗ trợ bác sĩ và bệnh nhân quản lí bệnh trào ngược dạ dày thực quản
KHẢO SÁT CÁC ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ CẬN LÂM SÀNG CỦA NGƯỜI BỆNH ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TYP 2 THỪA CÂN – BÉO PHÌ
Authors: Đặng Bích Ngọc , Nguyễn Khoa Diệu Vân
Published: September 2023

Bệnh đái tháo đường là một vấn đề sức khỏe cộng đồng do tỉ lệ mắc ngày càng cao và tác động lớn đến kinh tế xã hội. Phần lớn đái tháo đường typ 2 đi kèm với yếu tố nguy cơ là hội chứng chuyển hóa trong đó thừa cân và béo phì là một yếu tố nguy cơ chính của bệnh. Nghiên cứu mô tả 96 bệnh nhân đái tháo đường typ 2 có thừa cân – béo phì điều trị nội trú tại khoa Nội tiết – Đái tháo đường bệnh viện Bạch Mai từ tháng 04/2022 đến hết tháng 03/2022. Tuổi trung bình trong nghiên 59,15 ± 12,76. Nữ chiếm 42,7%, nam chiếm 57,3%. BMI trung bình của nữ là 26,91 ± 4,16 kg/m2. BMI trung bình của nam là 26,45 ± 4,272 kg/m2. Vòng eo trung bình là 99,16 ± 10,93 cm. Nồng độ glucose đói trung bình là 16,31 ± 7,76 mmol/l. Giá trị HbA1c trung bình là 10,82 ± 2,53 %. Nồng độ Cholesterol toàn phần trung bình là 5,92 ± 3,97 mmol/l. Nồng độ Triglycerid trung bình là 4,96 ± 5,38 mmol/l. Nồng độ HDL – C trung bình là 1,15 ± 0,73 mmol/l. Nồng độ LDL – C trung bình là 2,99 ± 1,85 mmol/l. Nồng độ non – HDL- C trung bình là 4,77 ± 3,65 mmol/l. Protein niệu dương tính chiếm tỉ lệ 66,7%. Đa số bệnh nhân không bị bệnh lý võng mạc do đái tháo đường (84,4%). Thoái hóa khớp gối (87,5%) và gan nhiễm mỡ (78,1%) chiếm đa số trường hợp.
HỆ THỐNG KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT GÃY LỒI CẦU XƯƠNG HÀM DƯỚI BẰNG KẾT HỢP XƯƠNG
Authors: Nguyễn Tuấn Linh , Phạm Hoàng Tuấn , Nguyễn Hồng Nhung , Lê Bá Anh Đức , Trương Mạnh Nguyên
Published: September 2023

Nghiên cứu này thực hiện với mục tiêu tổng hợp và đánh giá về kết quả phẫu thuật gãy lồi cầu xương hàm dưới bằng kết hợp xương. Chiến lược tìm kiếm trên 2 trang điện tử Pubmed, Embase (đến tháng 05/2023) các tài liệu đáp ứng các tiêu chuẩn sau: (1) đánh giá kết quả của phẫu thuật điều trị gãy lồi cầu xương hàm dưới bằng phương pháp phẫu thuật kết hợp xương, (2) kết quả đầu ra dựa trên tiêu chí: biên độ há miệng (3) có thiết kế nghiên cứu: thử nghiệm lâm sàng, thuần tập hoặc tiến cứu. Tổng hợp có 13 bài báo được lựa chọn đưa vào nghiên cứu. Kết quả cho thấy 91,6% nghiên cứu cho kết quả bệnh nhân có biên độ há miệng tối đa bình thường, 66,7% nghiên cứu cho kết quả tái lập khớp cắn đúng cho bệnh nhân sau khoảng thời gian theo dõi từ 6-12 tháng, đa số bệnh nhân tham gia nghiên cứu đều có triệu chứng đau ngay sau phẫu thuật và 100% nghiên cứu cho kết quả không còn triệu chứng đau bất thường sau 6 đến 12 tháng.
MÔ TẢ THỰC TRẠNG KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ FLUVOXAMIN Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH RỐI LOẠN LO ÂU LAN TỎA
Authors: Lê Thị Phương Thảo , Dương Minh Tâm
Published: September 2023

Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng kết quả điều trị Fluvoxamin ở người bệnh nội trú rối loạn lo âu lan tỏa tại Viện Sức khỏe Tâm thần. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: tiến hành nghiên cứu ở 62 bệnh nhân rối loạn lo âu lan tỏa theo tiêu chuẩn Phân loại quốc tế bệnh tật - 10, điều trị nội trú tại Viện Sức khỏe Tâm thần Quốc gia, phương pháp nghiên cứu là mô tả cắt ngang, test SF-36, thang CGI. Kết quả: Liều của Fluvoxamin chiếm tỉ lệ cao nhất là 400mg/ngày, thấp nhất 100mg/ngày. Tác dụng phụ hay gặp nhất là khô miệng (chiếm 29,03%), thứ 2 là táo bón và vã mồ hôi. Không có người bệnh nào ghi nhận tác dụng phụ là thay đổi cân nặng và xuất hiện ý tưởng tự sát. Trong quá trình điều trị thì đa số các bệnh nhân được thêm thuốc khác (66,13%), chỉ có 1,61% đối tượng chuyển thuốc. Mô hình kết hợp thuốc thường gặp nhất là giữa Fluvoxamine và benzodiazepine (88,71%), thứ 2 là Fluvoxamin và Quetiapin (59,68%) và thứ 3 là sự kết hợp giữa Fluvoxamine và Sulpirid (29,03%). Kết luận: Sử dụng Fluvoxamine để điều trị rối loạn lo âu lan tỏa nội trú thường được sử dụng với liều cao là 400mg/ngày, ít tác dụng phụ, các tác dụng không mong muốn dễ chấp nhận là khô miệng, táo bón và run. Sự kết hợp điều trị giữa Fluvoxamine và thuốc bình thần (BZD), ATK (Quetiapine, Sulpirid) để đạt thuyên giảm triệu chứng và cải thiện điểm số chất lượng cuộc sống của người bệnh là phổ biến nhất
MỘT SỐ KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU TÁC DỤNG ĐIỀU TRỊ VIÊM LOÉT ĐẠI TRỰC TRÀNG CHẢY MÁU CỦA CAO LỎNG PH TRÊN MÔ HÌNH THỰC NGHIỆM
Authors: Nguyễn Xuân Huấn , Nguyễn Văn Cường , Phạm Thị Phượng , Nguyễn Quang Duật
Published: September 2023

Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá tác dụng của cao lỏng PH kết hợp Pentasa trên mô hình chuột cống trắng gây viêm loét đại trực tràng chảy máu bằng dung dịch TNBS/Ethanol theo phương pháp của Morris và cs. Kết quả: Sự cải thiện niêm mạc đại tràng trên đại thể và cấu trúc vi thể rõ rệt hơn ở lô dùng cao lỏng PH kết hợp Pentasa, điểm tổn thương theo các thang điểm Wallcea, Neurath, Vilaseca so sánh với nhóm chứng sinh học khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê (P>0,05), sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê khi so sánh với lô mô hình  và các lô dùng đơn liệu pháp (P<0,05). Kết luận: Cao lỏng PH kết hợp Pentasa có tác dụng nâng cao hiệu quả điều trị viêm loét đại trực tràng chảy máu.
Penjatuhan Disiplin Etik Tidak Menghapuskan Pertanggungjawaban Anggota Polri Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana
Authors: Citra Maharani Queena Sakti , Yovieta Aprillia
Published: September 2023

Polisi sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia, dan masyarakat internasional yang berada di Indonesia. Anggota Polri tunduk pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan kode etik profesi. Anggota Polri yang lalai dengan hal tersebut akan mudah terkena sanksi etik. Tulisan ini menganalisis perbuatan pidana dan pemberian sanksi etik kepada mantan anggota Polri Ferdy Sambo (FS). FS dijatuhi vonis pidana mati dengan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Selatan No: 796/Pid.B/2022/PN junto. Putusan PT JAKARTA Nomor 53/PID/2023/PT DKI. Dengan tindakan terdakwa tersebut terjadi dua pelanggaran, yaitu pelanggaran pidana dan pelanggaran kode etik kepolisian. Sanksi dari pelanggaran kode etik tersebut adalah dengan pemberhentian tidak terhormat, sedangkan saksi pidana adalah hukuman mati. Tujuan dari karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah sanksi etik yang telah dijatuhkan kepada anggota Polri akan menghapuskan sanksi pidana pada terdakwa tersebut. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa penjatuhan sanksi etik kepada anggota Polri tidak menghapuskan pertanggungjawaban pidana, dan sebaliknya penjatuhan sanksi pidana juga tidak menghapuskan sanksi etik.
The Auteur Theory in the Filmmaking of Emin Alper
Authors: CEMİLOĞLU Meltem
Published: September 2023

This research examines the films Turkey’s director, Emin Alper, created via the lens of the auteur concept and aims to explore common styles and inherent meanings within his creations. Initially, the auteur concept was introduced to distinguish elite directors from ordinary ones. However, it has progressed now to distinguish the directors who display technical competence, unique style, and inner meaning in their films. The role of a screenwriter is often associated with the auteur concept, given the prominence of the screenplay writing process in this theory. Emin Alper, who has directed and written four films in the last ten years, is an exceptional director whose work warrants scrutiny within the domain of auteur theory in Turkish Cinema. Throughout his films “Tepenin Ardı,” “Abluka,” “Kız Kardeşler,” and “Kurak Günler,” Alper incorporates characteristic features and internal meaning beneath the surface of the depicted events. Qualitative content analysis is utilized in this study to examine these features in Alper’s films based on the auteur theory criteria. An essential aspect of auteur theory is the director’s signature, namely their works’ distinctive styles and themes. Distinctive styles and themes were also identified in Alper’s films.
Green Marketing and the Decision to Purchase Sustainable Cosmetic Products: A Case Study Applied to Millennial Consumers
Authors: MIRANDA-GUERRA María del Pilar , AVILA ARELLANO Naomi Francesca , GARAY CONDORACHAY Jenny Merly , VERASTEGUI RAMOS César Enrique
Published: September 2023

Traditional marketing practices have lost impact because they do not consider as differentiating elements the factors generated by the evolution of society, such as the growing evolution of environmental awareness on the part of consumers, aligned with the depredation of our planet. In response to this problem, the concept of green marketing (GM) arises, which links marketing strategies with practices that ensure the preservation of the ecosystem and appeals to the environmental awareness of consumers and its impact on the purchase decision process (PDP).
The Trust in Influencers in The Beauty Industry Based on the Example of Generation Z
Authors: GWIAŹDZIŃSKI Emilian , OLEJNICZAK Aneta
Published: September 2023

The objective of this article is to identify the perception of beauty influencers on Instagram by generation Z. The motive behind the study was to fill the research gap, which became apparent after conducting a literature review. The trust factor, considering the SCOPUS database, has not been explored before, particularly from the viewpoint of Generation Z.
The Uniform Civil Code: Paving the Way for Gender Justice in India?
Authors:   Department of Social Work Dr Bhim Rao Ambedkar College (University of Delhi), Satyam Kumar
Published: September 2023

This article examines the concept of the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India and its potential to promote gender justice within the country's diverse legal landscape. India, a nation characterized by its rich cultural and religious diversity, currently follows distinct personal laws for different religious communities, which often perpetuate gender inequalities. The article critically analyzes the UCC as a means to standardize civil laws pertaining to marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption, among others in order to guarantee equality of rights and opportunities to all citizens, whatever their religious affiliation. It stresses the need for a comprehensive and inclusive dialogue between the various stakeholders in order to ensure a uniform Civil Code. The principles of gender equality and social justice are reflected in UCC while also valuing India's peculiar and diverse cultural outfit. The article also explores the potential benefits of implementing a UCC in India, such as eradicating discriminatory practices against women and providing them with equal rights in various spheres of life. Additionally, it examines the challenges and apprehensions associated with the implementation of a UCC, including concerns about cultural preservation, religious freedom, and political resistance
Evolution of atmospheric age of particles and its implications for the formation of a severe haze event in eastern China
Authors: Xie Xiaodong , Hu Jianlin , Qin Momei , Guo Song , Hu Min , Ji Dongsheng , Wang Hongli , Lou Shengrong , Huang Cheng , Liu Chong , Zhang Hongliang , Ying Qi , Liao Hong , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric age reflects how long particles have been suspended in the atmosphere, which is closely associated with the evolution of air pollutants. Severe regional haze events occur frequently in China, influencing air quality, human health, and regional climate. Previous studies have explored the characteristics of mass concentrations and compositions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during haze events, but the evolution of atmospheric age remains unclear. In this study, the age-resolved University of California, Davis/California Institute of Technology (UCD/CIT) model was developed and applied to simulate the concentration and age distribution of PM2.5 during a severe regional haze episode in eastern China. The results indicated that PM2.5 concentrations in the North China Plain (NCP) gradually accumulated due to stagnant weather conditions during the beginning stage of the haze event. Accordingly, the atmospheric age of elemental carbon (EC), primary organic aerosol (POA), sulfate (SO42-), and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) gradually increased. The subsequent PM2.5 concentration growth was driven by the local chemical formation of nitrate (NO3-) under high relative humidity. The newly formed NO3- particles led to a decrease in the mean atmospheric age of NO3- particles. During the regional transport stage, aged particles from the NCP moved to the downwind Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, leading to a sharp increase in PM2.5 concentrations and the average age of EC, POA, SO42-, and SOA in YRD. In contrast, the average age of NO3- and ammonium remained unchanged or even slightly decreased due to continuous local formation in the YRD region. Different evolution of the atmospheric age among these components provides a unique perspective on the formation of PM2.5 components during the regional haze event. The information can also be used for designing effective control strategies for different components of PM2.5.
Frost matters: Incorporating late-spring frost in a dynamic vegetation model regulates regional productivity dynamics in European beech forests
Authors: Meyer Benjamin F. , Buras Allan , Gregor Konstantin , Layritz Lucia S. , Principe Adriana , Kreyling Jürgen , Rammig Anja , Zang Christian S.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Late-spring frost (LSF) is a critical factor influencing the functioning of temperate, forest ecosystems. Frost damage in the form of canopy defoliation impedes the ability of trees to effectively photosynthesize thereby reducing tree productivity. In recent decades, LSF frequency has increased across Europe, likely intensified by the effects of climate change. With increasing warming, many deciduous tree species have shifted towards earlier budburst and leaf development. The earlier start of the growing season not only facilitates forest productivity but also lengthens the period during which trees are most susceptible to LSF. Moreover, recent forest transformation efforts in Europe intended to increase forest resilience to climate change have focused on increasing the share of deciduous species in forests. To assess the ability of forests to remain productive under climate change, dynamic vegetation models (DVMs) have proven to be useful tools. Currently, however, most state-of-the-art DVMs do not model processes related to LSF and the associated impacts. Here, we present a novel LSF module for integration with the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS. This new model implementation, termed LPJ-GUESS-FROST, provides the ability to directly attribute impacts on simulated forest productivity dynamics to LSF. We use the example of European beech, one of the dominant deciduous species in Central Europe, to demonstrate the functioning of our novel LSF module. Using a network of tree-ring observations from past frost events we show that LPJ-GUESS-FROST can reproduce productivity reductions caused by LSF. Further, to exemplify the effects of including LSF dynamics in DVMs, we run LPJ-GUESS-FROST for a study region in southern Germany for which high-resolution climate observations are available. Here, we show that modeling LSF plays a substantial role in regulating regional NPP and biomass dynamics emphasizing the need for LSF to be more widely accounted for in DVMs.
Southern Ocean phytoplankton under climate change: shifting balance of bottom-up and top-down control
Authors: Xue Tianfei , Frenger Ivy , Terhaar Jens , Prowe A. E. Friederike , Frölicher Thomas L. , Oschlies Andreas
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Phytoplankton forms the base of the marine food web by transforming CO2 into organic carbon via photosynthesis. Some of the organic carbon is then transferred through the food web and exported into the deep ocean, a process known as the biological carbon pump. Despite the importance of phytoplankton for marine ecosystems and the global carbon cycle, projections of phytoplankton biomass in response to climate change differ strongly across Earth system models, illustrating uncertainty in our understanding of the underlying processes. Differences are especially large in the Southern Ocean, a region that is notoriously difficult to represent in models. Here, we argue that water column-integrated phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean is projected to largely remain unchanged under climate change by the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble because of a shifting balance of bottom-up and top-down processes driven by a shoaling mixed layer depth. A shallower mixed layer is projected to improve growth conditions and consequently weaken bottom-up control. In addition to enhanced phytoplankton growth, the shoaling of the mixed layer also compresses phytoplankton closer to the surface and promotes zooplankton grazing efficiency, thus intensifying top-down control. Overall, our results suggest that while changes in bottom-up conditions stimulate enhanced growth, intensified top-down control opposes an increase in phytoplankton and becomes increasingly important for phytoplankton response under climate change in the Southern Ocean.
Diurnal versus spatial variability of greenhouse gas emissions from an anthropogenic modified German lowland river
Authors: Koschorreck Matthias , Kamjunke Norbert , Koedel Uta , Rode Michael , Schuetze Claudia , Bussmann Ingeborg
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Greenhous gas (GHG) emissions from rivers are globally relevant, but quantification of these emissions comes with considerable uncertainty. Most of the existing studies were carried out at small streams and much less is known about GHG emissions from larger rivers. Here quantification of ecosystem scale emissions is challenged by both spatial and short-term temporal variability. We measured spatio-temporal variability of CO2 and CH4 emissions from a 1 km long reach of the German lowland river Elbe over three days in order to establish which factor is more relevant to be taken into consideration: small-scale spatial variability or short-term temporal variability of CO2 and CH4 emissions. GHG emissions from the river reach studied were dominated by CO2 and 90 % of total emissions was from the water surface, while 10 % of emissions was from dry fallen sediment at the side of the river. Aquatic CO2 emissions were similar at different habitats, while aquatic CH4 emissions were higher at the side of the river. Artificial structures to imoprove navigability (groynes) created still water areas with elevated CH4 emissions and lower CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions exhibited a clear diurnal pattern, but the exact shape and timing of this pattern differed between habitats. In contrast, CH4 emissions did not change diurnally. Our data confirm our hypothesis that spatial variability is important for CH4 while diurnal variability is more relevant for CO2 emissions. Continuous measurements are most likely necessary for reliable quantification of river GHG emissions.
Multi-proxy speleothem-based reconstruction of mid-MIS 3 climate in South Africa
Authors: Maccali Jenny , Meckler Anna Nele , Lauritzen Stein-Erik , Brekken Torill , Rokkan Helen Aase , Fernandez Alvaro , Krüger Yves , Adigun Jane , Affolter Stéphane , Leuenberger Markus
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The southern coast of South Africa displays a highly
dynamical climate as it is at the convergence of the Atlantic and
Indian oceans, and it is located near the subtropical/temperate zone boundary
with seasonal influence of easterlies and westerlies. The region hosts some key
archeological sites with records of significant cognitive, technological and
social developments. Reconstructions of the state and variability of past
climate and environmental conditions around sites of archeological
significance can provide crucial context for understanding the evolution of
early humans. Here we present a short but high-resolution record of
hydroclimate and temperature in South Africa. Our reconstructions are based
on trace elements, calcite and fluid inclusion stable isotopes, as well as fluid
inclusion microthermometry, from a speleothem collected in Bloukrantz cave,
in the De Hoop Nature Reserve in the southern Cape region of South Africa. Our record covers the time period from 48.3 to 45.2 ka during marine isotope
stage 3. Both δ18Oc and δ13Cc show strong variability
and covary with Sr/Ca. This correlation suggests that the control on these
proxies originates from internal cave processes such as prior carbonate
precipitation, which we infer to be related to precipitation amount. The
hydroclimate indicators furthermore suggest a shift towards overall drier
conditions after 46 ka, coincident with cooling in Antarctica and drier
conditions in the eastern part of South Africa corresponding to the summer
rainfall zone (SRZ). Fluid inclusion-based temperature reconstructions show good agreement
between the oxygen isotope and microthermometry methods, and results from
the latter display little variation throughout the record, with
reconstructed temperatures close to the present-day cave temperature of 17.5 ∘C. Overall, the BL3 speleothem record thus suggests relatively stable temperature from
48.3 to 45.2 ka, whereas precipitation was variable with marked drier
episodes on sub-millennial timescales.
Timing of spring events changes under modelled future climate scenarios in a mesotrophic lake
Authors: Mesman Jorrit P. , Jiménez-Navarro Inmaculada C. , Ayala Ana I. , Senent-Aparicio Javier , Trolle Dennis , Pierson Don
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Lakes experience shifts in the timing of processes as a result of climate warming, and especially relative changes in the timing of events may have important ecological consequences. Spring in particular is a period in which many key processes that regulate the ecology and biogeochemistry of lakes occur, and also a time which may experience significant changes under influence of global warming. In this study, we used a coupled catchment-lake model forced by future climate projections to evaluate changes in the timing of spring discharge, ice-off, the spring phytoplankton peak, and the onset of stratification, in a mesotrophic, temperate lake. All these events showed a clear trend towards earlier occurrence with climate warming, with ice cover tending to disappear at the end of the century in the most extreme climate scenario. Moreover, relative shifts in the timing of these springtime events also occurred, with the onset of stratification tending to advance slower than the other events, and the spring phytoplankton peak and ice-off advancing faster in the most extreme climate scenario. The outcomes of this study stress the impact of climate change on the phenology of processes in lakes and especially the relative shifts in timing during spring. This can have profound effects on food-web dynamics as well as other regulatory processes, and influence the lake for the remainder of the growing season.
tobac v1.5: Introducing Fast 3D Tracking, Splits and Mergers, and Other Enhancements for Identifying and Analysing Meteorological Phenomena
Authors: Sokolowsky G. Alexander , Freeman Sean W. , Jones William K. , Kukulies Julia , Senf Fabian , Marinescu Peter J. , Heikenfeld Max , Brunner Kelcy N. , Bruning Eric C. , Collis Scott M. , Jackson Robert C. , Leung Gabrielle R. , Pfeifer Nils , Raut Bhupendra A. , Saleeby Stephen M. , Stier Philip , van den Heever Susan C.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. There is a continuously increasing need for reliable feature detection and tracking tools based on objective analysis principles for use with meteorological data. Many tools have been developed over the previous two decades that attempt to address this need, but most have limitations on the type of data they can be used with; computational and/or memory expenses that make them unwieldy with larger datasets; or require some form of data reduction prior to use that limits the tool’s utility. The Tracking and Object-Based Analysis of Clouds (tobac) Python package is a modular, open-source tool that improves on the overall generality and utility of past tools. A number of scientific improvements (three spatial dimensions, splits and mergers of features, an internal spectral filtering tool) and procedural enhancements (increased computational efficiency, internal regridding of data, and treatments for periodic boundary conditions) have been included in tobac as a part of the tobac v1.5 update. These improvements have made tobac one of the most robust, powerful, and flexible identification and tracking tools in our field to date and expand its potential use in other fields. Future plans for tobac v2 are also discussed.
Towards a process-oriented understanding of the impact of stochastic perturbations on the model climate
Authors: Deinhard Moritz , Grams Christian M.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Stochastic parametrisation techniques have been used by operational weather centres for decades to produce ensemble forecasts and to represent uncertainties of the forecast model. Their use has been demonstrated to be highly beneficial, as it increases the reliability of the forecasting system and reduces systematic biases. Despite the random nature of the perturbation techniques, the response of the model can be nonlinear and the mean state of the model can change. In this study, we attempt to provide a process-based understanding how stochastic model perturbations affect the model climate. Previous work has revealed sensitivities of the occurrence of diabatically driven, rapidly ascending air streams to the stochastically perturbed parametrisation tendencies (SPPT) scheme. Such strongly ascending air streams are linked to different weather phenomena, such as precipitation and upper-tropospheric ridge building in the midlatitudes, which raises the question whether these processes are also influenced by stochastic perturbations. First, we analyse if rapidly ascending air streams also show sensitivities to a different perturbation technique - the stochastically perturbed parametrisations (SPP) scheme, which directly represents parameter uncertainty in parametrisations and has recently been developed at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). By running a set of sensitivity experiments with the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) and by employing a Lagrangian detection of ascending air streams, we show that SPP results in a systematic increase of the occurrence of ascending air parcel trajectories compared to unperturbed simulations. This behaviour is very similar to that of SPPT, albeit some regional differences are apparent. We further show that the one-sided response to the stochastic forcing cannot be attributed to a single process (e.g. convection parametrisation), but rather that perturbations to different parametrisations have similar effects. Thereafter, we link the frequency changes of ascending air streams to closely related weather phenomena. Whereas the signal of increased ascending motion is directly transmitted to global precipitation sums for all analysed schemes, changes to the amplitude of the upper-level Rossby wave pattern are more subtle. In agreement with the trajectory analysis, both SPPT and SPP increase the waviness of the upper-level flow and thereby reduce a systematic bias of the model, even though the order of magnitude is small. Our study presents a coherent process chain that enables to understand how stochastic perturbations systematically affect the model climate. We argue that weather systems which are characterised by threshold behaviour on the one hand and that serve as a dynamical hinge between spatial scales on the other hand can convert zero-mean perturbations into an asymmetric response and project it onto larger scales.
The upstream-downstream mechanism of North Atlantic and Mediterranean cyclones in semi-idealized simulations
Authors: Scherrmann Alexander , Wernli Heini , Flaounas Emmanouil
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Cyclogenesis in the Mediterranean typically follows an archetypal scenario with the intrusion of a potential vorticity (PV) streamer over the Mediterranean, which results from a preceding Rossby Wave breaking (RWB) upstream over the North Atlantic. The RWB is amplified by the presence of warm conveyor belts (WCBs) in at least one North Atlantic cyclone about 4 days prior to Mediterranean cyclogenesis. This scenario has been found in several case studies of intense Mediterranean cyclones with a variety of different North Atlantic cyclone tracks and intensities, and different locations of PV streamers intruding the Mediterranean. While four main events (namely North Atlantic cyclone, WCBs, RWB and the resulting PV streamers) are suggested to be necessary for Mediterranean cyclogenesis, they rarely occur in a spatially consistent, fully repetitive pattern. To more systematically study this link between the upstream North Atlantic cyclone dynamics and the Mediterranean cyclogenesis, we perform a set of semi-idealized simulations over the Euro-Atlantic domain. For these simulations, we prescribe a constant climatological atmospheric state in the initial and boundary conditions. To trigger the downstream Mediterranean cyclogenesis scenario, we perturb the climatological polar jet through the inversion of a positive upper-level PV anomaly. The amplitude of this perturbation determines the intensity of the triggered North Atlantic cyclone. This cyclone provokes RWB, the intrusion of a PV streamer over the Mediterranean, and the formation of a Mediterranean cyclone. Therefore, our results show a direct causality between the presence of a North Atlantic cyclone and the downstream intrusion of a PV streamer into the Mediterranean, which causes cyclogenesis about 4 days after perturbing the polar jet, which we refer to as the upstream-downstream mechanism of cyclogenesis. To investigate the sensitivity of this mechanism, we vary the position and amplitude of the upper-level PV anomaly. In all simulations, cyclogenesis occurs in the Mediterranean. Nevertheless, the evolution, track and intensity of the Mediterranean cyclones are sensitive to the dynamical structure and intensity of the intruding PV streamer, which itself is sensitive to the interaction of the upstream cyclone and the RWB. By applying different seasonal climatological atmospheric states as initial conditions we show that the seasonal cycle of Mediterranean cyclogenesis indeed depends on the large-scale atmospheric circulation. In particular, we show that the Mediterranean cyclones in these semi-idealized simulations show characteristics that agree with the observed climatology of Mediterranean cyclones in the respective season.
Regerite, KFe6(PO4)4(OH)7(H2O)6  ⋅  4H2O, the first new mineral species from the Kreuzberg pegmatite, Pleystein, Oberpfalz, Bavaria, Germany
Authors: Rewitzer Christian , Hochleitner Rupert , Grey Ian E. , Kampf Anthony R. , Boer Stephanie , MacRae Colin M.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Regerite, KFe6(PO4)4(OH)7(H2O)6 ⋅ 4H2O, is the first new mineral species to be characterised from the
Kreuzberg pegmatite, Pleystein, in the Oberpfalz, Bavaria. It was found in
vugs on a specimen of drusy quartz, associated with rockbridgeite, strengite
and phosphosiderite. Regerite occurs as clusters of yellowish-green prisms,
typically 5 to 20 µm wide and up to 0.1 mm long. The crystals are
flattened on {100} and elongated along [001], and they
display the forms {100}, {010} and {011}. The measured
density is 2.69(2) g cm−3. Optically, regerite crystals are
biaxial (+), with α=1.670(5), β=1.690(5) and γ=1.730(5) (measured in white light), and 2V (meas) is 76(2)∘. The
empirical formula from electron microprobe analyses and crystal structure
refinement is K0.95(Fe5.663+Ti0.45)Σ6.11(PO4)3.95(OH)7[(H2O)5.33(OH)0.88]Σ6.21 ⋅ 4H2O.
Regerite has monoclinic symmetry, with space group P21/c and
unit-cell parameters a=15.408(11) Å, b=17.311(11) Å, c=9.870(11) Å, β=95.42(2)∘, V=2621(3) Å3 and Z=4. The crystal structure was refined using synchrotron
single-crystal data to wRobs=0.065 for 6088 reflections with I>3σ(I). The structure type has not been previously reported. It
is made of heteropolyhedral layers parallel to {100} that consist of Fe-centred octahedra and PO4
tetrahedra. The layers are interconnected via edge-shared octahedral dimers
to form slit-like channels along [001] that are occupied by K+ ions and
water molecules.
Spatiotemporally consistent global dataset of the GIMMS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (PKU GIMMS NDVI) from 1982 to 2022
Authors: Li Muyi , Cao Sen , Zhu Zaichun , Wang Zhe , Myneni Ranga B. , Piao Shilong
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Global products of remote sensing Normalized Difference Vegetation
Index (NDVI) are critical to assessing the vegetation dynamic and its
impacts and feedbacks on climate change from local to global scales. The
previous versions of the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies
(GIMMS) NDVI product derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution
Radiometer (AVHRR) provide global biweekly NDVI data starting from the
1980s, being a reliable long-term NDVI time series that has been widely
applied in Earth and environmental sciences. However, the GIMMS NDVI
products have several limitations (e.g., orbital drift and sensor
degradation) and cannot provide continuous data for the future. In this
study, we presented a machine learning model that employed massive
high-quality global Landsat NDVI samples and a data consolidation method to
generate a new version of the GIMMS NDVI product, i.e., PKU GIMMS NDVI
(1982–2022), based on AVHRR and Moderate-Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. A total of 3.6 million Landsat NDVI samples
that were well spread across the globe were extracted for vegetation biomes
in all seasons. The PKU GIMMS NDVI exhibits higher accuracy than its
predecessor (GIMMS NDVI3g) in terms of R2 (0.97 over 0.94), root mean
squared error (RMSE: 0.05 over 0.09), mean absolute error (MAE: 0.03 over
0.07), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE: 9 % over 20 %).
Notably, PKU GIMMS NDVI effectively eliminates the evident orbital drift and
sensor degradation effects in tropical areas. The consolidated PKU GIMMS
NDVI has a high consistency with MODIS NDVI in terms of pixel value (R2 = 0.956, RMSE = 0.048, MAE = 0.034, and MAPE = 6.0 %) and global
vegetation trend (0.9×10-3 yr−1). The PKU GIMMS NDVI
product can potentially provide a more solid data basis for global change
studies. The theoretical framework that employs Landsat data samples can
facilitate the generation of remote sensing products for other land surface
parameters. The PKU GIMMS NDVI product is open access and available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8253971 (Li et al., 2023).
Sensor-Independent LAI/FPAR CDR: Reconstructing a Global Sensor-Independent Climate Data Record of MODIS and VIIRS LAI/FPAR from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Pu Jiabin , Yan Kai , Roy Samapriya , Zhu Zaichun , Rautiainen Miina , Knyazikhin Yuri , Myneni Ranga B.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) are critical biophysical parameters for the characterization of terrestrial ecosystems. Long-term global LAI/FPAR products, such as MODIS&VIIRS, provide the fundamental dataset for accessing vegetation dynamics and studying climate change. However, existing global LAI/FPAR products suffer from several limitations, including spatial-temporal inconsistencies and accuracy issues. Considering these limitations, this study develops a Sensor-Independent (SI) LAI/FPAR climate data record (CDR) based on Terra-MODIS/Aqua-MODIS/VIIRS LAI/FPAR standard products. The SI LAI/FPAR CDR covers the period from 2000 to 2022, at spatial resolutions of 500m/5km/0.05 degrees, 8-day/bimonthly temporal frequencies and available in sinusoidal and WGS1984 projections. The methodology includes (i) comprehensive analyses of sensor-specific quality assessment variables to select high quality retrievals, (ii) application of the spatial-temporal tensor (ST-Tensor) completion model to extrapolate LAI and FPAR beyond areas with high quality retrievals, (iii) generation of SI LAI/FPAR CDR in various projections, spatial and temporal resolutions, and (iv) evaluation of the CDR by direct comparisons to ground data and indirectly through reproducing results of LAI/FPAR trends documented in literature. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of each step involved in the generation of the SI LAI/FPAR CDR, as well as evaluation of the ST-Tensor completion model. Comparisons of SI LAI (FPAR) with ground truth data suggest a RMSE of 0.84 LAI (0.15 FPAR) units with R2 of 0.72 (0.79), which are improvements of the standard Terra/Aqua/VIIRS LAI (FPAR) products by 0.02~0.19 LAI (0.01~0.02 FPAR) units with the R2 decreased by 0.02~0.16 (0.05~0.09). The SI LAI/FPAR CDR is characterized by a low time series stability (TSS) value, suggesting a more stable and less noisy data set than their sensor-dependent counterparts. Furthermore, the mean absolute error (MAE) of the CDR is also lower, suggesting that SI LAI/FPAR CDR is comparable in accuracy with high-quality retrievals. LAI/FPAR trend analyses based on the SI LAI/FPAR CDR agrees with previous studies, which indirectly provides enhanced capabilities to utilize this CDR for studying vegetation dynamics and climate change. Overall, the integration of multiple satellite data sources and the use of advanced gap-filling modelling techniques improve the accuracy of the SI LAI/FPAR CDR, ensuring the reliability of long-term vegetation studies, global carbon cycle modelling and land policy development for informed decision-making and sustainable environmental management.
A global dataset of the shape of drainage systems
Authors: He Chuanqi , Yang Ci-Jian , Turowski Jens M. , Ott Richard F. , Braun Jean , Tang Hui , Ghantous Shadi , Yuan Xiaoping , Stucky de Quay Gaia
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Drainage basins delineate the Earth’s land surface into individual water collection units. Basin shape and river sinuosity determine water and sediment dynamics, affecting landscape evolution and connectivity between ecosystems and freshwater species. However, a high-resolution global dataset for the boundaries and geometry of basins is still missing. Using a 90-meter resolution digital elevation model, we measured the areas, lengths, widths, aspect ratios, slopes, and elevations for basins greater than 50 km2 globally. Additionally, we calculated the lengths and sinuosities of the longest river channels within these 0.67 million basins. We built a new global dataset, Basin90m, to present the basins and rivers, as well as their morphological metrics. To highlight the use cases of Basin90m, we explored differences between the nine stream orders, spatial distribution of drainage systems, and correlations between morphological metrics, such as Hack’s law. By comparing with HydroSHEDS, Goole Earth images, and a few other datasets, we have demonstrated the high accuracy of Basin90m. Basin90m, available in Shapefile format, can be used in various GIS platforms, including QGIS, ArcGIS, and GeoPandas. Basin90m has substantial application prospects in geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology.
Sauerian phenomenology: German Theory and Carl Sauer's The Morphology of Landscape
Authors: Hepach Maximilian Gregor
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Carl Sauer's The Morphology of Landscape is a foundational text for cultural geography. Instead of focusing on culture, however, this article pays special attention to Sauer's use of phenomenology. Through the lens of German Theory, I detail the debate around areal realism in German geography amongst Carl Ritter, Julius Fröbel, Alexander von Humboldt, and Alfred Hettner leading up to The Morphology of Landscape. By reconstructing the onto-epistemological problem that Sauer's invocation of phenomenology responds to, I extrapolate a Sauerian phenomenology for both physical and human geography.
Aerodynamic model comparison for an X-shaped vertical-axis wind turbine
Authors: Giri Ajay Adhyanth , Morgan Laurence , Wu Yan , Bretos David , Cascales Aurelio , Pires Oscar , Ferreira Carlos
Published: September 2023

Abstract. This article presents a comparison study of different aerodynamic models for an X-shaped vertical-axis wind turbine and offers insight into the 3D aerodynamics of this rotor at fixed pitch offsets. The study compares six different numerical models: a double-multiple streamtube (DMS) model, a 2D actuator cylinder (2DAC) model, an inviscid free-wake vortex model (from CACTUS), a free-wake vortex model with turbulent vorticity (from QBlade), a blade-resolved URANS model, and a Lattice-Boltzmann method (from PowerFLOW). All models, except URANS and PowerFLOW use the same blade element characteristics other than the number of blade elements. This comparison covers the present rotor configuration for several tip-speed ratios and fixed blade pitch offsets without unsteady corrections, except for the URANS and PowerFLOW which cover a single case. The results show that DMS and 2DAC models are inaccurate – especially at highly loaded conditions, are unable to predict the downwind blade vortex interaction, and do not capture the vertical/axial induction this rotor exhibits. The vortex models are consistent with each other and the differences when compared against the URANs and PowerFLOW mostly arise due to the unsteady and flow curvature effects. Furthermore, the influence of vertical induction is very prominent for this rotor and this effect becomes more significant with fixed pitch offsets where the flow at the blade root is considerably altered.
Development and validation of GLVS (Generic Laparoscopic Video Scoring System), a tool for assessment of laparoscopic skills in gynaecology using videotaped procedures: Are edited videos representative of their full-length version?
Authors: Khazali S , Bachi A , Carpenter T.T. , Moors A , Ballard K
Published: September 2023

Background: Anonymized videotaped endoscopic procedures can be used for the assessment of surgical competence, but a reliable non-procedure-specific scoring system is needed for gynaecology.

Objectives: To design and evaluate the validity of the Generic Laparoscopic Video Scoring System (GLVS), a novel tool in the assessment of various gynaecological laparoscopic procedures.

Materials and methods: Seventeen anonymized unedited video recordings of various gynaecological laparoscopic procedures and the 4-minute-long edited versions of the same videos were independently scored by two experts, twice, using GLVS.

Main outcome measures: Internal consistency reliability, test-retest, and inter-rater reliability of GLVS. We also compared the scored achieved by edited videos with those of the full-length version of the same videos.

Results: The mean score achieved by 4-minute-long edited videos was similar to that of the unedited version (p= 0.13 - 0.19). There was excellent correlation between the pooled scores for edited and unedited versions (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.86). GLVS had excellent internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.92-0.97). Test-retest and inter-rater reliability were generally better for edited 4-minute-long videos compared to their full-length version. Test-retest reliability for edited videos was excellent for scorer 1 and good for scorer 2 with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.88 and 0.62 respectively. Inter-rater reliability was good for edited videos (ICC=0.64) but poor for full-length versions (ICC= -0.24).

Conclusion: GLVS allows for objective surgical skills assessment using anonymized shortened self-edited videos of basic gynaecological laparoscopic procedures. Shortened video clips of procedures seem to be representative of their full-length version for the assessment of surgical skills.

What’s new? We devised and undertook a validation study for a novel tool to assess surgical skills using surgical video clips. We believe this addition clearly delineates the unique contributions of our study.