bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The causal relationship between cheese intake and atherosclerosis: A two-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: WEN Song , HUANG Zehan , HE Guodong , ZHANG Bin , HUANG Yuqing
Published: March 2023

Background Previous observational studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the association between cheese intake and atherosclerosis, and the relative contribution to each subtype (coronary atherosclerosis, peripheral atherosclerosis, cerebral atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness) remains unclear. We sought to systematically investigate the causal link between cheese intake and atherosclerosis.
Methods A two-sample MR study was conducted to investigate the causal relationship between cheese intake and atherosclerosis subtypes. Summary statistics from genome-wide associations of cheese intake (N= 451,486 individuals), coronary atherosclerosis (N= 14,334 cases, 346,860 controls), peripheral atherosclerosis (N= 6,631 cases, 162,201 controls), arterial stiffness (N= 151,053 individuals, no available cases/controls), cerebral atherosclerosis (N= 104 cases, 218,688 controls), and atherosclerosis (excluding cerebral, coronary and PAD) (N= 6,599 cases, 212,193 controls) were used in the MR study. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis was utilized for the study's main result, and weighted median, MR Egger, and weighted mode analyses were used as complementary analyses to IVW. Moreover, the results were robustly examined through a sensitivity analysis.
Results Genetically predicted cheese intake was positively associated with coronary atherosclerosis (OR=0.98, 95%CI=0.97–0.99, P=0.002), peripheral atherosclerosis (OR=0.56, 95%CI=0.37–0.84, P=0.006), arterial stiffness (OR=0.87, 95%CI=0.81–0.94, P=0.001), and atherosclerosis (excluding cerebral, coronary and PAD) (OR=0.65, 95%CI=0.43–0.98, P=0.037) in the inverse variance weighted analysis. However, no causal relationship between cheese intake and cerebral atherosclerosis was observed (OR=0.91, 95%CI=0.07–11.28, P=0.941).
Conclusion Our two-sample MR analysis revealed that cheese intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis, peripheral atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness, and atherosclerosis (excluding cerebral, coronary and PAD). However, no causal relationship between cheese intake and cerebral atherosclerosis was observed in the MR analysis.
Evaluation of the anti-fatigue activity of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides
Authors: Si Zhou , Chen Haoxiang , Gu Chensi , Wang Tingting , Fan Ziluan
Published: March 2023

Schisandra chinensisis a medicative and food plant in China, wealthy during a variety of functional components and wealthy during pharmacological activities. The specific aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue properties of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides (SCP). It was first structurally characterized using FTIR and UV, followed by weight-loaded swimming test and determination of several fatigue-related biochemical indices in mice after exhaustion to evaluate the anti-fatigue ability of SCP. The results showed that SCP is a protein-bound polysaccharide, and it significantly prolonged swimming time, increased liver glycogen and muscle glycogen content, decreased lactate (LA), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a good correlation between the in vivo anti-fatigue effect and antioxidant activity of SCP. Therefore, SCP can be applied as a potential anti-fatigue nutritional supplement in functional foods for the relief of exercise-related fatigue.
Gait Recognition using Deep Residual Networks
Authors: Talal Entesar B. , Oraibi Zakariya A. , Wali Ali
Published: March 2023

In biometric authentication, the subject of distinguishing people by their gait is considered very important. However, it suffers from several challenges, including changing the angle of walking, wearing a coat, and wearing high shoes. The development of artificial intelligence, especially the subject of deep learning, has made a breakthrough in this field. In this research, a new technique was proposed that depends on the use of the conditional generative adversarial network in addition to the Resent networks in order to generate images. The new method relies on the side view angle because it generates various body characteristics. The framework can be divided into three parts: the first part is the process of extracting silhouettes, calculating the gait cycle, and then calculating gait energy images. The second part is generating images through conditional generative adversarial networks and discriminator models. The third part is the process of classifying images using recent networks. Experiments are performed on a public gait recognition dataset called the CASIA database to evaluate our framework. Results demonstrate that the proposed four-stage framework works better than cutting-edge methods, particularly in carrying-bag and wearing-coat sequences.
Evaluation of right adrenal vein cannulation by trans-catheter contrast-enhanced ultrasonography
Authors: Chen Lumin , Liu Yuyu , Qian Like , Zhou Lin , Liu Chenhan , Jiang Feng , Chen Renbiao
Published: March 2023

Background
Adrenal vein sampling (AVS), the gold standard for confirmation of primary aldosteronism (PA) subtype, is technically challenging. Here, we assessed the benefit of trans-catheter contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in right adrenal gland imaging and its potential to improve the right AVS success rates among inexperienced interventionalists.
Methods
AVS was performed on all included PA patients (n = 61; 39 men; mean age, 52 ± 8.81 years) by a single interventionalist (who had no AVS experience prior to the study) between January 2020 and July 2022. Thirty-five patients underwent trans-catheter CEUS-assisted digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-guided AVS (CEUS-AVS), and 26 patients underwent DSA-guided AVS (DSA-AVS). In the CEUS-AVS group, following right adrenal vein cannulation, selective trans-catheter CEUS was performed to validate cannulation accuracy. Fisher’s exact test, two-sided Student’s t tests, and the Mann–Whitney test were used for statistical analysis.
Results
The right AVS success rate was higher in the CEUS-AVS than in the DSA-AVS group (94.29% vs. 73.08%, P = 0.03), but the left and bilateral AVS success rates did not differ. The ultrasound imaging success rate of the right adrenal vein was 97.1%. Right AVS was unsuccessful in nine patients (two in the CEUS-AVS and seven in the DSA-AVS group). Operative times did not differ, but radiation exposure times were shorter in CEUS-AVS patients (8.4 [6.00, 12.3] vs. 15.37 [7.23, 24.75], P = 0.04). Surgery-related complications were similar between groups.
Conclusions
CEUS-AVS can be used to confirm right adrenal vein cannulation accuracy, help inexperienced interventionalists rapidly improve AVS success rates, and shorten radiation exposure.
RETRACTED: A room with a view? Investigating the Pompeian domestic space using virtual reality-based eye tracking and GIS.
Authors: Campanaro Danilo Marco , Landeschi Giacomo
Published: March 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
An analysis of the gap in pupils' educational achievements in Cameroon: Do place of residence and school system matter?
Authors: MBOUAYILA Franck Mondesir TSASSA , KOUAMO Romuald NGUEMKAP , NKOA Bruno Emmanuel ONGO
Published: March 2023

The variation in academic achievement in reading and mathematics at the end of primary school between students according to their place of residence (urban/rural), school system of affiliation (public/private, Francophone subsystem/ Anglophone subsystem) motivates this paper. We use data from the 2014 PASEC survey. In a first step, the educational production functions are estimated separately for each group. The results show that, overall, at the end of the primary cycle, students do not benefit from real equality in terms of the quality of their learning in reading and mathematics. The highest proportion of explained gap exists between students in public schools and those in private schools (70%). The gender of the teacher contributes to reducing the gap between public and private while the size of the school reduces the gap between rural and urban areas.
JEL CLASSIFICATION: A21; A22; A23; I23; P36
A Novel Cancer-associated Fibroblasts-Related Gene Signature Based on Adjuvant Sorafenib Efficacy for Predicting Recurrence and Immunotherapy Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Hepatectomy
Authors: Liang Run-Bin , Liao Zhi-Hong , Feng Jun , Yasen Aimaiti , Xie Xingming , Li Kai , Yuan Feng , Cai Yuhong , Dai Tian-Xing , Wang Guoying
Published: March 2023

Background Due to its high recurrence rate, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis after hepatectomy. An effective model to predict postoperative recurrence and identify high-risk patients is essential. Recent studies have revealed the important role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in predicting HCC prognosis. However, the prognostic value of CAFs-related gene signature in HCC recurrence remains unknown. According to the BIOSTORM study, adjuvant sorafenib efficacy data may help to predict the recurrence in HCC. Therefore, we aimed to create a novel CAFs-related gene signature based on adjuvant sorafenib efficacy to predict HCC recurrence. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were used to obtain the transcriptomic gene expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of HCC patients. The CAFs-related genes based on adjuvant sorafenib efficacy were identified using EPIC and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm. Univariate and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses were used to establish a novel risk model. Univariate and multivariate COX analyses were used to identify independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival (DFS), and a nomogram was developed. The CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms were used to assess the tumor microenvironment components. Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score was used to predict immunotherapy response. Results A novel risk model was created using ten CAFs-related genes based on adjuvant sorafenib efficacy (DCLRE1C, DDX11, MAP4K2, SHCBP1, ADAM12, PAQR4, BEND3, ADAMTSL2, NUP93 and MPP2). Survival analyses revealed that high-risk patients had worse DFS, and the risk model was found as an independent prognostic factor for DFS in both the training and validation groups. A novel nomogram combined with pathologic stage and risk score status was developed. In the high-risk group, the stromal and immune cell content was found significantly lower while the tumor purity was significantly higher. In addition, immune checkpoints genes were highly expressed in the high-risk group and a higher risk score may predict a better response to immunotherapy. Conclusions The novel risk model comprised of ten CAFs-related genes based on adjuvant sorafenib efficacy may accurately predict recurrence and immunotherapy response in HCC patients after hepatectomy.
Retrotransposons Mobility in Eight Pure Lines of Laying Chickens
Authors: Bulbul Cihat Erdem , Bilgi Fatih , Mercan Levent , Marakli Sevgi
Published: March 2023

In this study, retrotransposons mobility in eight pure lines of the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) was analysed using IRAP-PCR (Inter-retrotransposon amplification polymorphism Polymerase Chain Reaction) method. Polymorphism rates were detected as 0–78% in Copia-like, 0–73% in Nikita, 0–60% in SIRE, and 0–38 in Sukkula in Rhode Island Red, Barred Rock, Colombian Rock, Line-54, Black Line, Blue Line, Brown Line, and Maroon Line chickens. In silico analyses presented that Blue Line with Line-54 and Barred Rock with Colombian Rock are closely related regarding these four retrotransposons. These horizontally transferred plant-specific retrotransposons may affect changes in the pure-line chicken genome.
Assessing neighborhood characteristics and their association with maternal stress, depressive symptoms, and well-being in eight culturally diverse cities: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Campo-Tena Laura , Roman Gabriela Diana , Murray Aja Louise , Luong-Thanh Yen Bao , Marlow Marguerite , Foley Sarah , Anwer Yasmeen , Dadzie Awurabena Quayeba , Hernandez Sandra Stuart , Lindsay Carene , Randeny Shobhavi , Smith Joanne Andrea , Taut Diana , Eisner Manuel P
Published: March 2023

Understanding the impact of neighborhood characteristics is crucial given its multigenerational impact. However, there is low availability of validated instruments measuring neighborhood dimensions, particularly in pregnant women, and a lack of cross-country validation of neighborhood-related scales. In this study, we used data from the [masked] study to assess the conceptual and measurement equivalence of the community domains of neighborhood cohesion, intergenerational closure, and neighborhood and social disorder, testing for measurement invariance across eight low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Following this, we examined patterns of associations with prenatal maternal stress, well-being, and depressive symptoms through the use of nomological networks. We found that the conceptual and measurement equivalence of the neighborhood domains were good across the eight LMICs, although some adjustments had to be made to improve the model fit in two of the sites. Moreover, our results suggest that, in general, higher levels of neighborhood and social disorder, and lower levels of cohesion and intergenerational closure in the community were similarly associated with adverse maternal outcomes across the included sites. The results of this study emphasize the importance of exploring the community context when assessing maternal well-being and supports the need to advocate for community-based interventions that promote safer physical and social environments within maternal programs.
Evaluation of adhesion strength and tribological characteristics of Ni-Co-BN nano-coating developed by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Wani‫ Shahid Manzoor , Ahmad Babar
Published: March 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Machine learning for Schrödinger’s cat paradox
Authors: Xin Lizhi , Xin Kevin , Xin Houwen
Published: March 2023

Unlike other quantum models that explain the Schrödinger’s cat paradox through rigorous mathematical structure, we propose a computational model to describe and explain Schrödinger’s cat paradox based on Darwin’s natural selection. Our proposed algorithmic model discovers laws of nature by only learning observed historical data (sequential measurement of observables) based on maximizing the observer’s expected value. There is no Schrödinger differential equation and quantum probability in our model; our model has an emphasis on machine learning, where the observer builds up his/her experience by being rewarded or punished for each decision he/she makes, and eventually leads to discovering the Born rule. We do not model with the usual wave function, but with quantum decision tree that simulates the observer’s decision process, a quantum decision tree can be constructed from eight basic quantum gates as well as three logic operations; each quantum decision tree includes a set of strategies; every time a decision is made, the observer chooses a strategy from the quantum decision tree’s strategy pool first, and then chooses an action (believe whether the cat is alive or dead)) based on the degree of belief which is evolved by genetic programming.
A Multicriteria Gis-based Approach for Mapping Biomass Agricultural Residues Availability for Bioenergy Facilities
Authors: Guido Rocío E. , Rodríguez C. Ramiro , Javí Verónica M. , Oviedo Oscar A.
Published: March 2023

This work presents a multicriteria methodology to evaluate a region’s bioenergetic potential and determine optimal location of biomass-based facilities from a technical and environmental perspective. The methodology involves a Geographic Information System incorporating the distribution of local biomass, statistics on crop harvests, highly detailed yield data, information on electrical networks, environmental factors, maps of the urban commons, and algorithms of classification, clustering, and optimization.
The methodology is applied to the Province of Córdoba, Argentina, evaluating soybean, corn, wheat, peanut, and sorghum. The availability of high-detail data of this region, has made it possible to analyze different bioenergy planning scenarios for the purpose of comparing the advantages and disadvantages of information accuracy.
The results show an estimated 1.81 million tn/year of sustainable and transportable agricultural waste in the 2017/18 season, largely from corn and soybean. The installation of 5 biofacilities in the sites with the greatest accumulation of agricultural harvest residues, each with a collection radius of 60 km, would create the capacity to convert 59% of these residues into bioenergy. The current local use of the residues is discussed in the context of maintaining soil preservation in the medium and long term. The methodology enables scenarios to be evaluated in terms of multiple technical, and environmental criteria and is extensible to other areas and biomass types.
Genetic basis for in vivo piperacillin-tazobactam resistance
Authors: Benítez Lydia Gálvez , Rosa José Manuel Ortiz De La , Rodríguez-Villodres Ángel , Casimiro-Soriguer Carlos , Molina-Panadero Irene , Álvarez-Marín Rocío , Bonnin Rémy , Naas Thierry , Pachón Jerónimo , Cisneros José Miguel , Lepe José , Smani Younes
Published: March 2023

Piperacillin-tazobactam resistance (P/T-R) is increasingly reported among Escherichia coli isolates. Although in vitro experiments have suggested that blaTEM gene plays a key role in the P/T-R acquisition, no clinical in vivo study has yet confirmed the role of blaTEM or other genes. Therefore, we aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying P/T-R by following up patients with E. coli intraabdominal infections (IAI) who experienced P/T treatment failure. We found a higher copy number of blaTEM gene in P/T-R isolates, generated by three different genetic events: (1)IS26-mediated duplication of the blaTEM gene, (2) generation of a small multicopy plasmid (ColE-like) carrying blaTEM, and (3) adaptive evolution via reduction of plasmid size, leading to a higher plasmid copy number. Moreover, two P/T-R strains showed reduced expression of OmpC. Thus, P/T treatment may lead to the development of resistance in patients with IAI by E. coli, through three blaTEM-dependent mechanisms and downregulation of OmpC.
Integrated approach to solving the mining-environmental issues based on the analysis of internal and external factors
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, KHOKHRYAKOV Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: March 2023

Introduction. ESG – Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance is a set of characteristics of company management, in which the involvement of this company in solving environmental, social and management problems is achieved. ESG criteria appeared as a response to environmental degradation, global warming and increasing economic inequality between rich and poor countries, which created additional ground for the emergence and development of new investment evaluation criteria. Modern society has begun to impose additional requirements not only to the business activities of companies and their financial statements, but started to evaluate it in terms of investments in sustainable development. Methodology. It seems that the ESG-approach could be an integral part of the general approach to the description and evaluation of the functioning of a nature-technology system which is based on the mining of mineral resources. The article shows the possibility of depiction of a mining enterprise as a nature-technology ESG-system for solving combined mining and environmental issues. Results and their analysis. As an example a mining system is described consisting of three subsystems, presented in the form of intersecting sets: “mining operations that are a source of nitrogen pollution of drainage waters” – “natural-technical complex for the purification of polluted waters” – “organization of the discharge of purified waters”. Such a representation of the said system fits into the generalized scheme of the socially-centric approach to ESG-assessment of investments. The area of intersection of the sets is the area where the optimal solution of the problem lies in terms of achieving an acceptable concentrations of nitrogen compounds when the purified water is discharged to the water body. The said problem could be solved by an appropriate combination of the technological, management and investment decisions. Conclusions. Making such kind of decisions in relation to a nature-technology system requires a periodic assessment of the system external and internal environment as well as in-system interconnections. For such type of assessments SWOT and PESTEL methodologies can be effectively applied being spread from economic factors assessments only to a wide range of environmental, technological and environmentally related economic factors.
Methodological tools for assessing the competitiveness of enterprises of the mining complex
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, SOKOLOV Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: March 2023

Relevance. The mineral resource complex of Russia remains the basis for the sustainable development of the state and its competitive advantage in world trade. As before, up to 70% of the foreign exchange earnings of the Russian Federation is formed thanks to its products, including metallurgy. The mining industry is a backbone for the national economy, determining the efficiency and nature of the development of related sectors, provides a decisive contribution to the formation of the stabilization fund and the country’s gold and foreign exchange reserves. The competitiveness of a country (national competitiveness) is made up of the competitiveness of regions, industries, enterprises and organizations, their ability to win and strengthen their leading positions in domestic and foreign markets. Competitiveness management requires constant evaluation of this parameter. The purpose of the research is the development of methodological tools for assessing the competitiveness of mining enterprises, taking into account the sectoral approach. Research methods. The work uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, program-target approach, economic, logical and logical-structural analysis, methods of comparison, analogy, expert assessments. Results. The article presents the results of the analysis of the methods used to assess competitiveness, and the rationale for the need for an industry-specific approach to the implementation of assessment procedures. A system of partial assessment factors is proposed that characterizes the competitiveness of mining enterprises, taking into account the specifics of their production activities. The expediency of referring to a comparative assessment on the Harrington desirability scale, introducing additional products into the procedure for assessing profit and profitability indicators and calculating an integral indicator is proved. The proposed methodological tools have been tested for the conditions of four gold mining enterprises. Conclusions. The proposed methodological tools make it possible to obtain the most reliable assessments of the competitiveness of mining enterprises, taking into account the specifics of the industrial activity of the latter. Of particular note is the possibility of using the developed methodological tools for assessing the investment attractiveness of enterprises in the mining complex.
Technical and economic comparison of options for the development of complex structural formations of the Elga field
Authors:   N. V. Chersky Institute of the Siberian Branch of RAS, KHOSOEV Dorzho Vladimirovich
Published: March 2023

Relevance. In the conditions of the North, with a chronic shortage of material and energy resources in the extraction of minerals, the search for optimal technical, economic and environmental indicators is an urgent and urgent problem. The purpose of the work is to show the effectiveness of the use of KSM-2000R combines in the development of coal seams of a complex structure in the Elga deposit. Methodology: Perform comparative feasibility studies for options using cyclic and non-explosive technology using KSM-2000R combines. Results. An analysis of the calculations performed showed that in the first option with cyclic technology, the structure by cost elements was 34.8% for electricity, 33.2% for depreciation, 28.3% for materials and 3.7% for labor costs. In the variant with the use of combines of the KSM-2000R type, the maximum cost indicators are 36.7% for depreciation, 29.7% for electricity, 27.9% for materials and 5.5% for labor costs. Calculations showed that when using combine harvesters, the cost of mining 1 ton of coal decreased by all elements by more than 27% compared to the cyclic technology. Also, the payroll number of workers decreased by 6 people and amounted to 30 people. In addition, the average monthly labor productivity of a worker in a team increased and amounted to 4046 tons / month. Сonclusions. Feasibility studies have been performed, on the basis of which it has been shown that the use of KSM2000R combines is quite effective in the development of coal seams of complex structure. The conditional annual savings amounted to 57.248 thousand rubles with the non-explosive technology variant compared to the cyclic technology variant. Net present value (NPV) for nine years when using KSM-2000R combines amounted to 6296 million rubles. From an environmental point of view, the use of non-explosive technology based on KSM combines with dump trucks and conveyor transport at mining operations will reduce the negative impact on the environment by 1.5 times compared to cyclic technology. At the same time, the partial use of CCM in stripping operations will further reduce the negative impact – up to 1.7 times.
Technique for assessing the stress state of a rock mass by a multicomponent displacement sensor using the overcoring method
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Mining University, BELYAKOV Nikita Andreevich , EMEL’YANOV Ivan Andreevich ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University
Published: March 2023

Relevance. Currently, the mining industry is at the beginning of a new stage of development, which corresponds to the extraction of minerals at great depths in difficult conditions. Based on this, an uncertainty is formed in the assessment of the parameters of the stress state of the rock mass in which mining operations are carried out, which contributes to the growth of emergency situations in underground conditions. The method of overcoring is able to provide quantitative and qualitative information about the stress state. The purpose of the research – substantiation of the methodology for assessing the stress state of the rock mass by the method of overcoring, which includes two main stages: 1 – field tests; 2 – processing of field test data. Research methodology. The method of overcoring is based on measuring the displacements of the points of the walls of the measuring well with a multicomponent displacement sensor as a result of creating an annular gap (formation of complete unloading). Data processing is carried out by two main approaches: 1 – numerical modelling; 2 – analytical calculation. Results. The concept of carrying out work on the assessment of the stress state of the rock mass by the method of overcoring is described. Detailed information about the field test is provided, namely the sequence of measurements and the necessary equipment. A step-by-step algorithm for processing data obtained as a result of field tests based on numerical modelling and analytical analysis has been created. Conclusion. The technique presented in this paper was tested at the deposits of AO Apatit and PAO Norilsk Nickel and showed correct quantitative and qualitative results, according to the stress state of the rock mass.
Paleogene sand injectites of the Uljanovsk-Syzran Volga region (eastern Russian platform)
Authors:   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, AFANASʹEVA Nadezhda Iosifovna
Published: March 2023

Relevance of the work. The Paleogene quartz sandstones of the Sosnov Formation that occurred in the UlyanovskSyzran Volga region are known as a valuable source of glass raw materials being considered a scarce raw material of federal significance. But, predicting new deposits based on ideas of the coastal-marine origin of the Sosnov sands exhausted possibilities. The purpose of the work. The main aim of the work is to consider the Sosnov Formation is a complex of sand intrusions. The second one is to determine the possibility of improving the accuracy of forecasting new objects of sand raw materials. Methods. 35 sand samples from the Sosnov and the Bathonian Lukojanov Formation are analyzed using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The 3D-model of the Sosnov strata is constructed. Results. The Sosnov Formation is shown as a complex of sand injectites. The element geochemical study of the Sosnov and the Bathonian Lukojanov sands reveals a high possibility of their genetic similarity. The tectonic trigger of injectite formation is determined. The 3D-model of the Sosnov Formation constructed demonstrates the lateral and vertical variability of the sand deposit morphology. Conclusions. The geochemical study of the Sosnov and Lukojanov sands reveals the latter could be considered a possible source layer due to the genetic similarity of both strata. The tectonic trigger for the formation of sand intrusions was, most likely, the Late Paleocene activation of the Zhigulevskii fault. 3D-modeling of a particular sand deposit could improve the accuracy of predictive constructions.
Geomechanical aspects of the choice of underground mining
Authors:   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), SAKHNOV Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: March 2023

The purpose and the relevance of the research. The article is devoted to the current problem of choosing the optimal development system for the new field being put into operation, according to the conditions of localization of the field. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the effective technology of field development according to geomechanical conditions. Methodology. Based on the literature data, a critical analysis of the completeness of the extraction of reserves and the effectiveness of the development systems recommended for use with open goaf and ore caving is carried out. Based on the analysis of technology options, an engineering forecast of the results of their implementation is made and an alternative version of the system is recommended. Results and scope. The mining and geological conditions for the localization of a gold ore deposit and the scheme for opening its reserves are described. The characteristics of the variants of development systems recommended by the project for use, the analysis of the quality indicators of the extraction of reserves are given. An alternative technology has been proposed with the backfilling of the goaf with hardening concrete mixtures, which is distinguished by higher quality indicators of the mined ores. It is shown that the quality of ores is a function of the completeness of taking into account the geomechanical factors of exploitation of deposits. It is noted that the utilization of ore enrichment tailings is possible only if they are demetallized to certain limits, and the direction for this is indicated. An ecological and economic model for evaluating the effectiveness of the field development technology in terms of the ratio of ecological and economic indicators is proposed. Conclusions. The conditions of the considered complex-structural deposit of valuable ores are met by variants of development systems with backfilling of the worked-out space with hardening concrete mixtures, which provide control of stresses in the ore-bearing massifs and a significantly higher quality of the mined ores, the equipment and infrastructure used.
A reduced chemical kinetic mechanism of diesel fuel for HCCI engines
Authors: Liu Chunhui , Zhang Delong
Published: March 2023

A reduced mechanism of diesel fuel was developed on the basis of Wang’s mechanism. First, for removing the unimportant reactions, an importance index was defined on the basis of computational singular perturbation (CSP). Choosing the importance index of 0.0065, the 140 unimportant reactions were removed, and obtained a smaller mechanism of 403 elementary reactions. Second, 32 global quasi-steady-state (QSS) species were found with the threshold value of 0.005. Finally, the smallest mechanism containing 77-species was obtained. By contrast with the ignition delay time of the original Wang’s mechanism, the maximum error of the final 77-species mechanism was 7.2 %. The final mechanism was also performed with the original Wang’s mechanism and the experiments date from the selected homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine, the good overlap of curves was obtained and the maximum error of the simulation results was less than 10 %.
Performance Analysis of CNN Channel Attention Modules for Image Classification Task
Authors: SARIGÜL Mehmet
Published: March 2023

Increasing the representation power of convolutional neural networks, a popular deep learning model, is one of the hot study topics recently. Channel attention is a common strategy followed in this regard. In this strategy, the inter-channel relationship is exploited by a module placed after the convolution operation. Recently, successful channel attention modules are proposed in this context. In this article, a performance analysis of three popular channel attention structures which are Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (SeNet), Efficient Channel Attention Networks (Eca-Net), and Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), is performed using five different image datasets for the classification task. According to the obtained results, SeNet is the most successful channel attention module surpassing the other’s performance in the majority of the experiments. In experiments with the ResNet18 and ResNet34 base models, the SeNet module showed the highest performance in three of the five datasets. For the ResNet50 baseline, SeNet was the channel attention module with the highest accuracy values for all datasets.
İstatistiksel Yöntemlerin Dekapaj Miktarının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılabilirliği ve Bir Açık Ocak Krom Sahasına Uygulanması
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Ali Can
Published: March 2023

Açık işletme madenciliğinin hazırlık çalışmalarında maliyetlerin büyük bir miktarını dekapaj işlemleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, maden planları hazırlanırken en önemli aşamalardan birisi dekapaj miktarının belirlenmesidir. Ayrıca, sürdürülebilir bir madencilik için dekapaj miktarındaki belirsizlik probleminin çözülmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, regresyon yöntemi kullanılarak çalışma süresi ile dekapaj miktarının modellenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında örnek bir açık ocak madenine ait 2014-2021 dönemi arasındaki aylık çalışma süresi ve dekapaj miktarı bilgileri toplanarak veri seti elde edilmiştir. Bu veri setine dayanarak üstel, doğrusal, logaritmik ve polinom olmak üzere dört farklı regresyon modeli geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen modellerin başarısı korelasyon katsayısına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak en başarılı regresyon modelinin polinom model (R2= 0,8497) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu modeli sırasıyla üstel (R2= 0,8487), doğrusal (R2= 0,8485) ve logaritmik (R2= 0,8378) modeller takip etmektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları açık ocak madenciliğinde dekapaj miktarının belirlenmesinde önerilen modellerin alternatif olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
Adana-Karaisalı Kayrak Taşlarının Dış Cephe ve Çatı Kaplamada Kullanılabilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KAHRAMAN Esma , YAPICI Nil
Published: March 2023

Kayrak taşı, belirgin anizotropisi nedeniyle diğer yapı taşlarından ayrılır Bir kayrak taşının genel karakterini hem mineralojisi hem de fiziko-mekanik özellikleri belirlemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Karaisalı bölgesinde bulunan kayrak taşının yapı taşı olarak kullanılabilirliğini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla bölgede jeolojik etütler yapılmış ve Tümenli ve Maraşlı bölgelerinden temsili numuneler toplanmıştır. Numuneler üzerinde TSE ve uluslararası standartlara göre petrografik, mineralojik (XRD), kimyasal (XRF) analizler ve fiziko-mekanik analizler (tek eksenli basınç dayanımı, Shore ve Mohs sertliği, ağırlıkça su emme, porozite) yapılmıştır. Elde edilen analiz sonuçları Karaisalı'da Tümenli ve Maraşlı yöresinde bulunan kayrak taşlarının, hem iç, hem dış, hem de çatı kaplamasında yapı taşı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
Seçilmiş İpliklerde Zweigle İplik Tüylülüğü Sonuçlarına Farklı Test Hızlarının Etkisi
Authors: TELLİ Abdurrahman
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada, Zweigle G657 cihazında iplik tüylülüğü sonuçlarına farklı test hızlarının etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ölçümler, cihazda seçenek olarak sunulan 25 m/dk, 50 m/dk, 100 m/dk ve 400 m/dk olmak üzere dört farklı test hızında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Test hızının etkisi SPSS programı kullanılarak istatistiki olarak incelenmiştir. İplik tüylülüğü sonuçları üzerinde, test hızındaki değişimin direkt olarak etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Tüylerin sınıflandırılmasında 10 mm’ye kadar, test hızları arasındaki farkın önemli seviyede olduğu görülmüştür. Aralarındaki bu farklılıklar 10 mm’den sonra önemsiz düzeye gelmiştir. Test hızı arttıkça ipliğin S3 tüylülük değerlerinde genel olarak bir artış eğilimi gözlenmiştir. Ancak bu çalışmada literatürden farklı olarak, çalışma için seçilen farklı yapıdaki ipliklerde farklı sonuçlarda elde edilmiştir. Farklı hızlarda elde edilen sonuçların karşılaştırma amaçlı kullanılmasının doğru olmayacağı net olarak görülmektedir. Yeni versiyon cihazlarda daha yüksek test hızlarına çıkma eğilimi bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, S3 tüylülüğü bilgisi verilirken, hangi cihazda ve hangi test hızında ölçüldüğü bilgisinin verilmesi gerektiği çıkarımı yapılmıştır.
Energy Management Practices for Improving Energy Efficiency in Industries: Furnace, Steam Boiler, HVAC, and Cooling Systems
Authors: AKHAN Hacer
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is to demonstrate and analyse energy management practices to increase energy efficiency in industries. In the study, examples of energy efficiency increasing applications that can be carried out in industrial organizations were discussed and the amount of savings for these applications was calculated. The main energy efficiency applications discussed in the study are the heat recovery in boilers and furnaces, thermal insulation, and heat recovery in HVAC systems. As a result of this study, with energy management and energy efficiency applications, 38.2% of heat recovery and 15.79% of fuel savings were achieved when recuperators were used in the furnace. While the boiler thermal efficiency was 64.46% when the recuperator was not used, the boiler thermal efficiency increased to 76.54% when the recuperator was used. In HVAC systems, heat recovery was achieved with 47% efficiency with the recuperator, heat exchanger with 51% efficiency and 1.09 COP in heat pump. In cooling applications, 30.4 % energy saving was achieved in the insulated room.
Kangal Termik Santralinin 3. Ünitesinin Enerji ve Ekserji Analizi
Authors: ADEM Hasan Can , GÜRLEK Cahit
Published: March 2023

Fosil yakıtlı güç üretim sistemlerinin verimliliğinin artırılması; enerji üretiminin artması, yakıt kaynaklarının, çevre, ekosistem ve insan sağlığının korunması açısından önemlidir. Verim artırma uğraşları için enerji ve ekserji analizleri enerji sistemlerimdeki enerji kayıplarının ve kullanılabilir is potansiyelinin belirlenmesinde önemli araçlardır. Bu çalışmada 157 MW Kurulu gücündeki Kangal Termik Santrali 3. ünitesinin enerji ve ekserji analizi yapılmıştır. Hesaplamalar 34 farklı noktadan elde edilen veriler kullanılarak termik santral ünitesinin her bir elemanı için gerçekleştirilmiştir. En yüksek ekserji kayıp oranı kazanda elde edilirken (84,768%) en düşük ekserji kaybı kondenser tahliye pompasında elde edilmiştir (0,0089%). İkinci yasa verimi en fazla yüksek basınçlı besleme suyu ısıtıcısında (%97,73) ve en az kazanda (%52,43) gerçekleşmiştir. Termik santral ünitesinin ısıl ve ikinci yasa verimleri sırasıyla %32,92 ve %53,53 olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçların termik santralin optimize edilmesinde faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anamur-Kaledran Arası (Mersin) T5 Tünelinin Kaya Kütle Sınıflaması
Authors: AYDOĞDU Mehmet , TÜRKMEN Sedat
Published: March 2023

Çalışma, Mersin ile Antalya illeri arasında yapımı süren karayolunun Anamur ilçesi ile Kaledran arasında açılan T5 tünelinin mühendislik jeolojisi özellikleri ve kaya kütle sınıflaması çalışmalarını içermektedir. Anamur-Kaledran arası yol projesinde yeralan T5 tüneli 780 m uzunluğundadır. Bu çalışmada tünel güzergahının jeolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması ve değerlendirilmesiyle tünelde geçilecek birimlerin kaya kütle sınıflamasının yapılması ve kazı – destek yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma alanında Paleozoyik yaşlı metamorfik birimler egemen olup, tünel güzergahı bol eklemli, kırıklı ve çatlaklı Ordovisiyen yaşlı şistlerden oluşmaktadır. Şistler etkin paleotektonizmaya bağlı olarak deformasyona uğramış, parçalı – çok parçalı zonlar içermektedir. Belirlenen mühendislik özelliklerine göre RMR, Q ve NATM kaya sınıflamaları ile tünel güzergahı boyunca altı farklı kaya kütle sınıfı belirlenmiş ve bu gruplara göre kazı destekleme sınıflaması yapılmıştır. Kaya sınıflamaları sonucunda tünelin giriş ve çıkış kesimlerinin zayıf kaya, orta kesimlerinin orta kaya sınıfında olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Elektrik Yapım İşi Sektöründe Bulanık Fine-Kinney Metodu ile Risklerin Önceliklendirilmesi
Authors: ERGÜN Umut , KAHRAMAN Funda
Published: March 2023

Elektrik yapım işi temel olarak; üretilen ve dağıtıma hazır elektriğin, hane ve işletmelere dağıtılması için gerekli olan alt yapının inşasını ve bu konuda önceden tesis edilmiş altyapıların modernizasyonunu ve büyütülmesini konu edinmiş bir alandır. Dolayısı ile ülkenin tüm büyüme ve kalkınma planlarında elektrik yapım işi sektörü ve üreteceği hizmet, stratejik bir öneme sahiptir. Elektrik yapım işi sektörü, ülkemiz mevzuatına göre çok tehlikeli işler sınıfında yer almaktadır. Her yıl pek çok ölümlü ve ağır yaralanmalı iş kazası meydana gelmektedir. Bu sebeple sektör içinde yer alan firmaların oluşturacakları risk değerlendirmeleri ve bu doğrultuda tehlikelerin giderilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu sürecin belirli bir plan dahilinde işletilmesi, hem firmanın zaman, iş gücü ve para gibi kısıtlı kaynaklarının verimli kullanılmasına hem de aciliyet arz eden tehlikelerin daha hızlı giderilmesine olanak sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada; sektörde referans alınmış bir firmanın Fine-Kinney metodu kullanılarak hazırlanmış olan risk değerlendirmesi baz alınarak, risklerin önceliklendirilmesi işlemi yapılmıştır. Bu veriler bulanık mantık yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiş ve bu iki yöntemin sonuçları karşılaştırılarak, tehlikelerin giderilme planı için karar vericilere, risk önceliklendirme sonucu sunulmuştur.
Evaluation of the original sealant with antibacterial effect for synthetic vascular grafts
Authors: Shadanov A.A. , Zhuravleva I.Yu. , Samoylova L.M. , Timchenko T.P. , Vladimirov S.V. , Karpova E.V. , Luchnikov N.E. , Sirota D.A. , Edemskiy A.G. , Bogachev-Prokofiev A.V. , Chernyavskiy A.M.
Published: March 2023

Background: Vascular graft infection is a severe cardiovascular complication with high mortality rates. Antibacterial vascular graft coatings are widely used and continue to be improved.Objective: To develop a sealant with antimicrobial effect for Dacron vascular grafts and experimentally test the coating properties.Methods: We used 2 types of vascular grafts: graft No. 1 (plain weave) with initial water permeability of 78.8 ± 2.7 mL/cm2/min and graft No. 2 (2/1 twill + 6/4 satin weave) with water permeability of 549.8 ± 20.7 mL/cm2/min. We developed an original gelatin impregnation technique, tested it using a scanning electron microscopy, and measured water permeability and kink radius. We evaluated the antibacterial activity of vancomycin and gelatin impregnation by the disk diffusion test using media with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and measured inhibition zones after 24-hour incubation. We used samples cut out of grafts with vancomycin-containing (experimental group) and no vancomycin-containing (control group) impregnation.Results: The gelatin coating of the samples is visualized as a thin even film and provides zero water permeability. On the negative side, it increased stiffness and the kink radius. Thanks to vancomycin added to the coating, bacterial growth significantly inhibits: the mean diameter of the growth inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis was 15.60 ± 0.65 and 14.40 ± 0.66 mm, respectively. The grafts untreated with vancomycin showed no growth inhibition zones.Conclusion: Vascular graft treatment with gelatin impregnation and vancomycin solution is a simple measure to prevent the growth of gram-positive bacteria on vascular grafts.
Received 14 November 2022. Revised 15 December 2022. Accepted 19 December 2022.
Funding: The work was supported by Russian Science Foundation (project No. 22-15-20005).
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Contribution of the authorsConception and study design: I.Yu. Zhuravleva, A.A. Shadanov, D.A. SirotaData collection and analysis: A.A. Shadanov, L.M. Samoylova, S.V. Vladimirov, T.P. Timchenko, N.E. Luchnikov, E.V. KarpovaStatistical analysis: A.A. ShadanovDrafting the article: A.A. Shadanov, L.M. Samoylova, T.P. Timchenko, A.G. EdemskiyCritical revision of the article: D.A. Sirota, I.Yu. Zhuravleva, A.V. Bogachev-Prokofiev, A.M. ChernyavskiyFinal approval of the version to be published: A.A. Shadanov, I.Yu. Zhuravleva, L.M. Samoylova, T.P. Timchenko, S.V. Vladimirov, E.V. Karpova, N.E. Luchnikov, D.A. Sirota, A.G. Edemskiy, A.V. Bogachev-Prokofiev, A.M. Chernyavskiy
Educação permanente em saúde
Authors: Colombelli Fabiana , Domingues Wysocki Anneliese , Kunkel Merielly , Grignet Rodrigo Juliano , Gonçalves Possuelo Lia , Zilly Adriana , Zara Reginaldo Aparecido , Silva-Sobrinho Reinaldo Antonio
Published: March 2023

A tuberculose é a doença infecciosa que mais ocasiona óbito, principalmente entre as Pessoas Privadas de Liberdade (PPL), assim, o Agente Penitenciário (AP) pode ter um papel central no diagnóstico/tratamento. Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento e as atitudes dos AP frente à tuberculose, visando subsidiar discussões sobre a Educação Permanente (EP). Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo e exploratório, realizado em instituições prisionais situadas em Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná. Os dados primários foram coletados por meio de questionário modelo KAP (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice). Utilizou-se análise exploratória por meio da distribuição de frequências absoluta e relativas. Resultados: Há relação entre o conhecimento e atitude com a idade, escolaridade, tempo de profissão, participação em cursos e assistência às PPL adoecidas por tuberculose. Conclusão: Verificou-se a necessidade de investimentos para melhoria dos conhecimentos, sugerindo a EP como ferramenta para aprimorar a participação dos Agentes no cuidado em Saúde das PPL.
Oswaldo Cruz e o ideário de Paul Otlet e Henri La Fontaine
Authors: Ferry de Moraes Alice
Published: March 2023

Este artigo visa analisar as atividades científicas demandadas por problemas de saúde pública, realizadas por Oswaldo Cruz e pesquisadores do Instituto que leva seu nome, no período de 1909 a 1916. Elas geraram ações informacionais objetivas, que foram organizadas para consumo nas pesquisas, em tomadas de decisão governamentais e de instituições particulares, Também foram programadas para a divulgação de informação em saúde no país e no mundo, através de publicações científicas, da imprensa, de congressos, de exposições e do ensino. O método utilizado foi inspirado nos fundamentos da documentação criados pelos belgas Paul Otlet e Henri La Fontaine, a partir do século XIX.