bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological, imaging, laboratory, and clinical characteristics and factors related to mortality in patients with COVID-19: a single-center study
Authors: Azarkar Zohreh , Salehiniya Hamid , Kazemi Toba , Abbaszadeh Hamid
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel pandemic. Considerable differences in disease severity and the mortality rate have been observed in different parts of the world. The present study investigated the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Iran.MethodsWe established a retrospective cohort to study hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Iran. Epidemiological, imaging, laboratory, and clinical characteristics and outcomes were recorded from medical documents. The chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. A p<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.ResultsIn total, 364 cases (207 males and 157 females) were analyzed. The most common symptoms were cough, fever, and dyspnea. Multifocal bilateral ground-glass opacities with peripheral distribution were the predominant imaging finding. The mean age of patients was 54.28±18.81 years. The mean age of patients who died was 71.50±14.60 years. The mortality rate was 17.6%. The total proportion of patients with a comorbidity was 47.5%, and 84.4% of patients who died had a comorbidity. Sex, history of diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were not significantly associated with mortality (p>0.05). However, mortality showed significant relationships with body mass index; age; history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), pulmonary disease, and cancer; and abnormal high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings (p<0.05 for all). Cancer had the highest odds ratio.ConclusionComorbidities (especially cancer, CKD, and CVA), severe obesity, old age, and abnormal HRCT findings affected the health outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Strategi Resiliensi Museum dan Galeri Foto Jurnalistik Antara Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Siregar Nurul Aldha Mauliddina , Khadijah Ute Lies Siti , Novianti Evi
Published: May 2021

The implementation of the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy in order to reduce the number of transmission of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic cases in Jakarta leads several cultural heritage sites such as museums close the physical access to visits. In the midst of these limitations, the Antara Journalistic Museum and Photo Gallery made a breakthrough by establishing the museum digitization approach using Video Reality (VR) technology. This article was written to see how the strategy for the resilience of Cultural Heritage Sites in the Museum and Journalistic Photo Gallery is between maintaining some journalistic photo exhibition agendas amidst the lack of public interest in visiting museums plus the threat of a multidimensional crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was written using qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The existence of this facility provides a new alternative for the public to continue visiting and accessing journalistic photo exhibition programs and activities which have been regularly held at the Antara Museum and Photo Journalistic Gallery so far. Having concern with the strength of the mission to preserve historical value as one of the broadcasting spaces for independence and to disseminate journalistic knowledge, especially related to the photojournalism to the younger generation and the strong encouragement of the community, the Antara Journalistic Photo Gallery and Museum is encouraged to survive and continue to operate in organizing activities that have been consistently scheduled yearly.
Gerardo Martínez Delgado, Cambio y proyecto urbano. Aguascalientes, 1880-1914, Aguascalientes, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, Fomento Cultural BANAMEX, 2009, 399 p.
Authors: Gómez Serrano Jesús
Published: May 2021

Gerardo Martínez Delgado, Cambio y proyecto urbano. Aguascalientes, 1880-1914, Aguascalientes, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, Fomento Cultural BANAMEX, 2009, 399 p.
Raúl García Flores, Ser ranchero, católico y fronterizo. La construcción de identidades en el sur de Nuevo León durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX, Colección ENAH, Chihuahua, Ciudad De México, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2008, 286 p.
Authors: Magaña Mancillas Mario Alberto
Published: May 2021

Raúl García Flores, Ser ranchero, católico y fronterizo. La construcción de identidades en el sur de Nuevo León durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX, Colección ENAH, Chihuahua, Ciudad De México, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2008, 286 p.
Corrupción en la policía de tránsito. Una primera aproximación a través de entrevistas con taxistas colombianos
Authors: Fink Hady , Boehm Frédéric
Published: May 2021

Este texto analiza el fenómeno de la corrupción en la policía de tránsito, a partir del estudio de caso de la interacción entre los taxistas colombianos y los oficiales de tránsito de dos ciudades, Bogotá y Barranquilla. La perspectiva desde la que se aborda el análisis es el del paradigma de la acción racional de la teoría económica. Se utiliza la metodología de “entrevistas a expertos”, que permite hacer generalizaciones a partir de los estudios de caso.
Actores y escenarios de los sistemas de microcorrupción en el Palacio de Justicia del centro de Lima, Perú
Authors: Mujica Jaris
Published: May 2021

El Palacio de Justicia del centro de Lima es el núcleo de los procesos del sistema judicial peruano, pero también un espacio en el que se producen diversas prácticas de corrupción. Este artículo muestra los actores y las formas de la corrupción desde la perspectiva exterior a la burocracia formal, revisando la función de los tramitadores de documentos, los falsificadores y los abogados de los estudios informales que pululan en el perímetro del Palacio. Estos actores disponen de estrategias para introducir o extraer documentos de las mesas de partes, tienen contactos entre los asistentes, secretarias y abogados de los juzgados, conocen las estructuras de funcionamiento formal e informal del aparato de justicia y configuran, a través de estas prácticas, un canal para ingresar al sistema, acceder a la justicia y relacionarse con los procedimientos judiciales.
Carta de don Cristóbal Millán de Poblete a Juan Díez de la Calle, con una relación de los ministros de la catedral de México (20 de mayo de 1647)
Authors: Gaudin Guillaume
Published: May 2021

Documento
La experiencia clínica colombiana ante lo monstruoso y lo deforme
Authors: Cardona Rodas Hilderman
Published: May 2021

Este texto se centra en la práctica médica colombiana de finales del siglo xix en relación con lo monstruoso y lo deforme. Esta práctica pone en juego materialidades enunciativas que exponen un cuerpo percibido en estudio mórbido, deforme o monstruoso. El ver y el decir enfermedad deformante sugiere prácticas y discursos que operan según una regla morfológica en el registro del saber clínico. La estructura desviada supone el cuestionamiento de un orden gramatical y de un orden biológico, inscritos en un problema entre lo normal y lo patológico. Teratología y pensamiento clínico se reúnen para darle un estatuto a la monstruosidad y a la enfermedad deformante. Una escritura sobre la enfermedad deformante y las formaciones anómalas manifiesta un puro grafismo en la distinción de lo patológico y lo normal a partir de una eficacia enunciativa en el ejercicio de la mirada clínica.
El aserradero de Zatzio, un caso de la explotación de los bosques en Michoacán
Authors: Martínez Aguilar José Manuel
Published: May 2021

El trabajo hace referencia a la explotación de los bosques en el distrito de Ario de Rosales, Michoacán, durante las primeras cuatro décadas del siglo xx, por parte de los empresarios norteamericanos Santiago Slade y James J. Slade Jr. Se hace énfasis en un caso de estudio: el aserradero de Zatzio, el pueblo que se construyó para sus trabajadores y la forma de vida de los mismos empleados y sus familias.
Semblanza de Phil C. Weigand Moore (1937-2011)
Authors: Esparza Juan Rodrigo
Published: May 2021

Semblanza de Phil C. Weigand Moore (1937-2011)
Las metáforas de la cruz: un caso de penetración ideológica en el estado de Colima, México
Authors: González González Gabriela del Carmen
Published: May 2021

Este artículo muestra que las metáforas de la cruz funcionan pragmáticamente como instrumentos de penetración ideológica, que opera en dos dimensiones: una consciente, por parte de la Iglesia católica y otra diferida e inconsciente en los creyentes colimenses, que en forma de autopersuasión, los hace sentirse seguros, confiados y protegidos. De manera simultánea, estas metáforas les sirven para adaptarse a su medio ambiente, reafirmando sus creencias e interpretando la realidad a partir del esquema cultural fatalista religioso.
El Narciso invertido como metáfora del yo autorreflexivo en tres novelas mexicanas contemporáneas
Authors: García Peña Lilia Leticia
Published: May 2021

En estas páginas analizo la representación invertida del mito de Narciso como metáfora de la autorreflexividad en tres novelas mexicanas contemporáneas. En estos textos el trayecto metafórico nos muestra cómo el yo ficcionalizado se refleja, pero la imagen que devuelve no es la del ser enamorado de sí mismo, sino la de la autocrítica desgarradora. La representación del yo autorreflexivo aparece como uno de los rasgos más característicos de la nueva narrativa que sugiere cambios importantes en la conformación de la identidad individual contemporánea.
Estado y antropología en México y Estados Unidos: reflexiones sobre los Proyectos Tarascos
Authors: Kemper Robert V.
Published: May 2021

La relación entre “el Estado y la antropología”, particularmente en cuanto a su relevancia para el desarrollo del trabajo antropológico en Michoacán, puede ser entendida mediante un análisis del Proyecto Tarasco, que efectivamente incluyó distintos episodios de trabajo de campo y distintos propósitos académicos y políticos. Estos proyectos –incluyendo los de Sáenz en Carapan, Swadesh en Paracho, Beals en Cherán y Foster en Tzintzuntzan– representaron una convergencia producto de los intereses de los gobiernos de México y Estados Unidos; una convergencia surgida, sin duda, de las circunstancias especiales de esa época, es decir, fines de la Gran Depresión y el periodo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Estos trabajos se realizaron gracias al sustancial apoyo económico y logístico proveído por numerosas agencias gubernamentales, tanto en México, como en Estados Unidos. En este sentido, los antropólogos que participaron en el Proyecto Tarasco no fueron simples “intermediarios intelectuales”, sino “intermediarios institucionales” en su papel de agentes de sus respectivos gobiernos.
"La plaga con que castiga Dios los pecados de los hombres": langosta y campo andaluz en la Edad Moderna
Authors: León Vegas Milagros
Published: May 2021

La creencia popular atribuye los crueles efectos ocasionados por las plagas de langosta a la gravedad de los delitos morales cometidos por la sociedad del momento. Sin embargo, factores climatológicos y geográficos determinarán la actuación y progreso de un mal, al cual se combate desde la plegaria y los rudimentarios medios humanos de la época. Trasladar las características concretas de esta calamidad a un espacio-tiempo específico, como el sur de la Península Ibérica en las centurias de la modernidad, será nuestro principal objetivo.
Región y nación: dos escalas sobre un tema de estudio
Authors: Betancourt Mendieta Alexander
Published: May 2021

El trabajo propone un análisis sobre el carácter relacional del concepto región en los discursos históricos; en particular, de aquellos que se producen en el marco cultural y político de los Estados latinoamericanos donde la región aparece como fuente de conflictos para la unidad nacional. Para ello se plantean dos casos de estudio: la situación de San Luis Potosí (México) y Antioquia (Colombia).
Introducción del café en Oaxaca según documentos del Archivo del Poder Ejecutivo del Estado: el caso de Santiago Xanica
Authors: González Pérez Damián
Published: May 2021

Documento
La hacienda de Ciénega en la alcaldía mayor de La Barca durante el virreinato, de la ganadería menor al arrendamiento
Authors: Goyas Mejía Ramón
Published: May 2021

Durante el virreinato, en la provincia de Poncitlán y La Barca, se conformaron diversos latifundios cuya actividad principal fue la ganadería menor. En este trabajo de manera breve se analizan trescientos años de historia de la hacienda de Ciénega, destacando su conformación, así como las trasformaciones económicas que tuvo previo a su disolución final durante el siglo XIX.
La hummerización: “desorden” local, diversidad cultural y dominación policéntrica en el medio rural mexicano
Authors: Torres Gabriel
Published: May 2021

Este artículo identifica los patrones de comportamiento del régimen de dominación global/local específico en sus efectos hacia el medio rural mexicano. Las formas de “dominación neoimperialista” de corte estructural, son vistas desde lo local y se revisan críticamente en términos económicos, políticos, tecnoinformáticos y sociales. Esa perspectiva se concreta con el uso de la metáfora de la “hummerización”, la cual sirve para subrayar la ambivalencia del poder neoimperial. Esa ambivalencia es análoga a la que se presentó con el uso de los vehículos hummer, de fugaz relevancia social debido al dispendioso uso de combustible que requieren. El análisis etnográfico se centra en un estudio de caso localizado en la costa jalisciense que se observa desde dos enfoques distintos. Un enfoque situacional integrado a partir de entrevistas y observaciones indirectas en torno a un fenómeno extraordinario: la extraña muerte de una madre joven de 26 años quien fue quemada viva en su propia casa. El otro enfoque es de corte histórico estructural y recoge la memoria personal del autor haciendo uso de apuntes de distintas épocas, recopilados desde la condición de testigo de la vida comunitaria local y con una visión extendida hacia lo regional/nacional que abre la perspectiva de seguimiento a las cuatro últimas décadas.
Redes sociales y oficios de justicia en Indias. Los vínculos de dos alcaldes mayores neogallegos
Authors: Becerra Jiménez Celina G.
Published: May 2021

Reconstrucción de la estrategia relacional del primero y el último de los alcaldes mayores que fueron nombrados desde Madrid para ejercer el oficio en el distrito neogallego de Santa María de los Lagos. Se analiza el tipo de vínculos que los magistrados establecen desde su arribo, como muestra su interés por insertarse en las redes de la elite local, así como la disposición de ésta para aceptar al recién llegado. A través de múltiples lazos con los personajes más activos y destacados de la elite local, el recién llegado, que no cuenta con experiencia en la administración de justicia en Indias buscaba legitimar su presencia y autoridad. Para ello cada uno de los representantes de la Corona constituye el centro de un tejido de relaciones sociales a través de las cuales se da un intercambio continuo de servicios y favores recíprocos.
La ciencia de la nutrición y el control social en México en la primera mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Pío Martínez Juan
Published: May 2021

El artículo inicia con un esbozo de cómo en Europa la ciencia de la nutrición devino ideología usada como instrumento de control social. En ese contexto se estudia el caso de México para analizar el vínculo de los médicos y el Estado con el propósito de transformar la alimentación popular. El objetivo es demostrar la vigencia de la ideología alimentaria introducida en México desde la época de la conquista y la consecuente paradoja de la ciencia de la nutrición, subordinada a la hegemonía cultural de las metrópolis occidentales.
La espacialidad de los indígenas en el área metropolitana de Monterrey
Authors: García Tello Diana Patricia
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo analiza, desde una perspectiva geográfica, la construcción de una espacialidad indígena en el área metropolitana de Monterrey, destacando las relaciones sociales entre los indígenas y una determinada esfera de agentes sociales responsables de la visibilidad de los indígenas en la urbe regia. Asimismo, se puntualizan las acciones, hechos e iniciativas de ley en atención y apoyo a dicho sector, con la finalidad de analizar cómo a través de estos elementos se han organizado los indígenas en el área metropolitana.
José Luis Caño Ortigosa, Los Cabildos en Indias. Un estudio comparado, prólogo de Carlos Soto Dávila, Corrientes, Ediciones Moglia, 2009, 123 p. y Cabildo y círculos de poder en Guanajuato (1656-1741), prólogo de Manuela García Bernal, Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, 2011, 552 p.
Authors: Machuca Gallegos Laura
Published: May 2021

José Luis Caño Ortigosa, Los Cabildos en Indias. Un estudio comparado, prólogo de Carlos Soto Dávila, Corrientes, Ediciones Moglia, 2009, 123 p. y Cabildo y círculos de poder en Guanajuato (1656-1741), prólogo de Manuela García Bernal, Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, 2011, 552 p.
Paisajes vemos, de su creación no sabemos. El paisaje agavero patrimonio cultural de la humanidad
Authors: Hernández López José de Jesús
Published: May 2021

El artículo hace un análisis de algunas concepciones históricas del paisaje y del patrimonio, así como del uso pragmático que se hace en la actualidad de ambos conceptos. El caso elegido para sustentar el argumento es el de “El paisaje agavero y las antiguas instalaciones del tequila” declarados patrimonio cultural de la humanidad por la unesco en 2006. El marco para el análisis corresponde con la propuesta del moderno sistema mundo de Wallerstein y la división entre paisajes políticos y vernáculos que hace John B. Jackson. El paisaje agavero no es un espacio homogéneo, más bien es una construcción social, histórica, asimétrica, con un centro, una periferia y una semiperiferia, donde se visibilizan y valoran ciertos artificios, invisibilizando otros.
Los municipios de San Gabriel Chilac y San Juan Teotihuacan ante la federalización de las aguas, 1888-1960
Authors: Mendoza García Jesús Edgar
Published: May 2021

A partir de un análisis comparativo sobre dos casos de pequeña irrigación en los municipios de San Gabriel Chilac en Puebla y San Juan Teotihuacan en el Estado de México, se muestra la diversidad de resultados que generó la política de centralización sobre el recurso hídrico que antes controlaba el ayuntamiento. De igual modo, se explican los factores socioeconómicos regionales que llevaron al gobierno local y a los actores sociales a negociar, adaptarse o resistir a tales políticas federales que disminuían sus prerrogativas, para finalmente señalar quienes fueron los beneficiarios directos del proceso.
Cannabis production and land use planning: A literature review
Authors: Vaughan Mathew V. , Pittman Jeremy , Epp Sara , Caldwell Wayne
Published: May 2021

Cannabis production standards are evolving with little understanding of their implications on land use planning. Health Canada currently administers a federally-regulated licensing system that does not address odour and light pollution land use impacts across the rural landscape. This literature review addresses the regulatory history of cannabis production in Canada, reviews current production standards, and compares possible cannabis production conflicts with documented land use conflicts from other odourous and light intensive operations to reveal flaws in the existing licensing system. Established cannabis production markets will be examined for further comparisons.
İnsektisitlerin Bal Arısı Davranışı ve Fizyolojisi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Yıldız Berkant İsmail , Karabağ Kemal
Published: May 2021

Son yıllarda, dünya çapında nedeni açıklanamayan koloni kayıpları yaşanmaktadır. Bal arısı kolonilerinin giderek azalması sebebiyle, potansiyel nedenleri araştırmak için birçok çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Meydana gelen kayıpların ana nedenlerinden birisi de insektisitlerdir. Dünya genelinde tarım alanlarında zararlı böceklerle mücadele için kullanılan insektisitler, sadece zararlıları değil aynı zamanda doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak bal arıları gibi yararlı böcekleri de etkilemektedir. Özellikle insektisitlerin kullanıldığı yerlerde, bal arısı kayıpları daha yaygındır ve bu alanlarda insektisitlere maruz kalan arıların bağışıklık sistemleri zayıflamakta; yiyecek arama davranışında, koku alma ve öğrenme yeteneğinde bozukluklar meydana gelmektedir. Ayrıca başta bal olmak üzere bal mumu, polen ve arı ekmeği (perga) gibi arı ürünlerinde kalıntılar bırakmaktadır. Büyük ekolojik tehdit oluşturan bu kayıplarla baş edebilmek için dünya çapında etkin ve sürdürülebilir çözüm yolları aranmaktadır. Bu derleme, insektisitlerin bal arısı davranış ve fizyolojisine etkilerini inceleyerek mevcut durumu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
A randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study of Kan Jang® Capsules in Patients with URTI Infection with the Primary Outcome of Sick Leave Days
Authors:   Swedish Herbal Institute R&D (SHIRD), Wikman Georg
Published: May 2021

In this study, we also found that the sick leave for the placebo group was 1.79 days, while the sick leave in the Kan Jang group was reduced to 0.44 days.
Best of Science and Nature - Alternative Approaches to Prevent and Treat Type 2 Diabetes
Authors:   Summit Innovation Labs, Tzeghai Gabe
Published: May 2021

The results indicate that OGB alone or together with Metformin works significantly faster in lowering glucose and to a healthy level without side effects when compared to clinical findings with current pharmaceutical treatment options, which take 3 months to 6 months to show clinically meaningful results. OGB’s speed of action also suggests that it works more holistically to address the various cellular disease onset mechanisms at the same time. The learning’s also suggest that the select polyphenols and magnesium in OGB may safely and more effectively supplement and or potentially replace T2DM pharmaceutical medications.
FEATURES OF PROSTHETIC REPAIR FOR POSTOPERATIVE VENTRAL HERNIA
Authors:   the Varorud Medical and Diagnostic Center, Rakhmatulloev Rakhimdzhon , Polvonov Shukurullo ,   the Department of Surgery, Tajik National University, Nazarov Shokhin ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: May 2021

The article provides an overview of literature on the surgical treatment of postoperative ventral hernias (POVH), development trends and controversial questions of the problem. Today, according to many researchers, the frequency of POVH is up to 20-26% of the total number of external hernias of the abdomen, which give way to the primacy only to groin hernias. The recurrence rates of POVH remain high, reaching between 4.5-90% after the use of autoplasty methods and 3-19.5% after alloplasty methods. Incomplete satisfaction with the results of surgical treatment of POVH has helped to find new ways of hernioplasty using prosthetics, which allows increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment and reduces the incidence of complications. Increased intraabdominal pressure is the most common etiological factor in the development of purulent-inflammatory complications, leads to relapse, and increases the numbers of fatalities among patients with large POVH. The great interests among abdominal surgeons are issues of improving the quality of hernioplasty using prosthetic materials and methods of prevention of development inflammatory complications in the area of surgical wound. Keywords: Postoperative ventral hernia, hernioplasty, laparotomy, purulent complications.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL MARKERS AND HISTOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE PLACENTA OF WOMEN, WHO GAVE BIRTH TO CHILDREN WITH ANENCEPHALY
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Melnikova V Veronika , Dodkhoeva Munavvara ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: May 2021

Objective: To study immunohystochemical markers and features of histological and morphological changes in the placenta of women who have given birth to children with anencephaly. Methods: 15 women with anencephaly in the fetus (the main group) and 20 women, who gave birth to practically healthy children (control group), were examined. All women were tested for tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), morphological examination of placenta and levels of apoptosis, definition expression Nkx-2.2 in vascular endothelial cells of the villous chorion of the placenta of women in norm, and with congenital malformation (CM) of the central nervous system (CNS), in particular – anencephaly in the fetus. Results: A feature of the histochemical characteristics of placenta in women who have given birth to children with anencephaly is the predominance of chronic compensated deficiency with manifestations of dyscirculatory disorders. Statistically significant reduction of Nkx-2.2 expression levels in the vascular endothelial cells of the villous chorion placenta of women who gave birth to children with anencephaly, confirms the role of this factor in the differentiation of nervous structures. An inverse correlation between the level of Nkx-2.2 expression in the placenta and the level of AFP in the blood serum of pregnant women at the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy determines the level of AFP as the most significant marker of the development of anencephaly in the fetus. Conclusions: Based on the conducted studies it is possible to assume the participation of the placenta in the formation of abnormalities of the CNS of fetuses and newborns. Consequently, properly organized antenatal surveillance with mandatory definition of AFP level at 14 weeks of pregnancy will improve the quality of care for women at risk development of CM of the CNS of the fetus, in particular – anencephaly. Keywords: Immunohistochemical markers, diagnostics of anencephaly, expression of Nkx-2.2 in the placenta, degree of apoptosis in the placenta
MARKETING ASSESSMENT OF DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF ACID-RELATED DISEASES IN BISHKEK
Authors:   Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Murzabaeva Elvira , Ismailov Isabek ,   Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy
Published: May 2021

Objective: Marketing assessment of anti-ulcer medicines in pharmacies in Bishkek. Methods: The study was used by data from the Department of Medicines and Medical Technology at the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic on the registration of pharmaceutical products in the KR – State Registry of Medicines and Medical Products of 2019, as well as price sheets and invoices of wholesale pharmaceutical companies and retail pharmacies in Bishkek. Results: Depending on the value of the turnover rate (TR), the drugs were divided into three groups: drugs with slow TR (0.5 < К < 1.0); drugs with constant TR (0.26 < К < 0.49); drugs with high TR (0 < К < 0.25). According to the results of studies, proton pump inhibitors and colloidal bismuth-based drugs are high-end drugs of TR. Conclusions: We have determined that the pharmaceutical market in Bishkek demonstrates incomplete saturation of anti-ulcer drugs from the total number of registered medicines. At the same time, the largest part of the range are drugs from the group of proton pump inhibitors. Keywords: Anti-ulcer drugs, proton pump inhibitors, marketing assessment, turnover rate.
Early performance of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)genotypes in arecanut under Assam condition of North Eastregion of India
Authors: Singh L.S. , Uchoi Anok , Acharya G.C. , Apshara S. Elain , Das Alpana
Published: May 2021

Cocoa is an important plantation crop grown in southern parts of India. Though many cocoa varieties have been released for cultivation in different parts of India, there is no variety recommended for cultivation exclusively for India’s North East region, especially Assam, where arecanut is grown as an important cash crop. Therefore the present investigation was undertaken to study the performance of twelve cocoa genotypes for its growth, pod yield and yield attributing traits for subsequent research programmes. The data for growth, pod yield and yield attributing traits were recorded three years after planting for five years (2015 to 2019), and the mean data were used for analysis. Genotype VTLC 11 significantly produced greater plant height (2.70 m), stem circumference (27.73 cm), height at jorquetting (36.16 cm) and canopy area (17.00 m2). Mean average pod yield among the genotypes varied from 20.65 to 48.40 tree-1 year-1. Genotype VTLC 19 produced significantly higher pod yield (48.40), number of fresh beans pod-1 (34.06), fresh bean weight pod-1 (229.65 g), dry bean weight pod-1 (119.32 g), single dry bean weight (1.20 g) and dry bean yield (1.76 kg). Considering the most economic traits of cocoa, VTLC 19 appears to be the most suitable genotype for commercial cultivation in the region.
Concurrent emergence of exotic whitefly incursions on arecanut (Areca catechu L.) in India
Authors: Thube Shivaji Hausrao , Josephrajkumar A. , Pandian R. Thava Prakasa , Saneera E.K. , Bhavishya  , Babu Merin , Rajkumar  , Jose C.T.
Published: May 2021

Field incidence of exotic whitefly complex comprising two Neotropical nesting whiteflies viz., Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi and Paraleyrodes minei Iaccarino, in association with invasive rugose spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin and native areca whitefly, Aleurocanthus arecae David & Manjunatha, on arecanut was reported from Karnataka, India during 2020. These arecanut palms were previously infested by A. arecae which was earlier reported from Karnataka during 2003. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the infestation of P. bondari and P. minei on arecanut as highlighted in this current investigation. Morphological identification based on pupal taxonomy and male genitalia as well as molecular characterization of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene confirmed the identity of nesting whiteflies. The Bondar’s nesting whitefly, P. bondari is the most predominant whitefly species with 87.5 per cent active colonies followed by the nesting whitefly, P. minei (13.64%) and the rugose spiralling whitefly, A. rugioperculatus (6.25%). Co-occurrence of these three non-native whitefly species on arecanut in synergy with the native A. arecae indicates a kind of competitive regulation of one species over the other upsetting biodiversity. Due to the polyphagous nature of the pest coupled with increased trade and transport in a climate change scenario, this whitefly complex may become a serious threat to arecanut production in India and elsewhere. This requires strict quarantine protocols to avert its spread to other arecanut growing areas.
The effect of drying temperature on cup quality of coffee subjected to mechanical drying
Authors: Sandeep T.N. , Channabasamma B.B. , Gopinandhan T.N. , Nagaraja J.S.
Published: May 2021

The objective of the work was to study the effect of drying temperature on cup quality of the robusta coffee subjected to mechanical drying in comparison with conventional sun drying. The robusta coffee processed by wet (parchment coffee) and dry (cherry coffee) methods were subjected to drying at different temperature regimes (40 oC, 50 oC and 60 oC) in a rotary mechanical dryer. The results of the study indicated that as the drying temperature increased, the time of drying reduced. Sun drying of parchment coffee took 48 hours (approximately seven days) to attain the desired moisture content of 11-12 per cent, while mechanical drying reduced the drying time to 16 to 24 hours. Similarly, cherry coffee subjected to sun drying took 88 hours (approximately 15 days), while mechanical drying reduced the drying time to 32 to 48 hours. The cup quality rating of coffee dried by different drying methods revealed that sun-dried robusta parchment coffee scored the highest cup rating. As the drying temperature increased, the cup quality ratings decreased. A similar cup quality rating was also observed with cherry coffee. These results indicate a considerable reduction of drying time when coffee beans are dried in a mechanical dryer. However, there is a need to regulate the drying temperature, which otherwise would negatively impact the quality of coffee. The drying temperature should not exceed 40oC for preserving the innate quality of robusta coffee because the high drying rates provoked by high temperatures can cause damage to the coffee quality due to the damage caused to the cell membranes. Overall, mechanical drying is more advantageous to sun drying in-terms of drying hours (indirectly reduces dependency on manpower) and preservation of innate quality of the coffee.
Damage control surgical management of combined small and large bowel injuries in penetrating trauma: Are ostomies still pertinent?
Authors: Ordoñez Carlos Alberto , Parra Michael , Caicedo Yaset , Padilla Natalia , Angamarca Edison , Serna Jose Julian , Rodriguez Fernando , Garcia Alberto , Salcedo Alexander , Pino Luis Fernando , Gonzalez Hadad Adolfo , Herrera Mario Alain , Quintero Laureano , Hernandez Fabian , Franco Maria Josefa , Aristizabal Gonzalo , Toro Luis Eduardo , Guzman Monica , Coccolini Federico , Ferrada Ricardo , Ivatury Rao
Published: May 2021

Hollow viscus injuries represent a significant portion of overall lesions sustained during penetrating trauma. Currently, isolated small or large bowel injuries are commonly managed via primary anastomosis in patients undergoing definitive laparotomy or deferred anastomosis in patients requiring damage control surgery. The traditional surgical dogma of ostomy has proven to be unnecessary and, in many instances, actually increases morbidity. The aim of this article is to delineate the experience obtained in the management of combined hollow viscus injuries of patients suffering from penetrating trauma. We sought out to determine if primary and/or deferred bowel injury repair via anastomosis is the preferred surgical course in patients suffering from combined small and large bowel penetrating injuries. Our experience shows that more than 90% of all combined penetrating bowel injuries can be managed via primary or deferred anastomosis, even in the most severe cases requiring the application of damage control principles. Applying this strategy, the overall need for an ostomy (primary or deferred) could be reduced to less than 10%.
Damage control in penetrating cardiac trauma
Authors: Gonzalez-Hadad Adolfo , Ordoñez Carlos Alberto , Parra Michael , Caicedo Yaset , Padilla Natalia , Millan Mauricio , Garcia Alberto , Vidal-Carpio Jenny Marcela , Pino Luis Fernando , Herrera Mario Alain , Quintero Laureano , Hernandez Fabian , Florez Guillermo , Rodriguez-Holguín Fernando , Salcedo Alexander , Serna Jose Julian , Franco Maria Josefa , Ferrada Ricardo , Navsaria Pradeep H.
Published: May 2021

Definitive management of hemodynamically stable patients with penetrating cardiac injuries remains controversial between those who propose aggressive invasive care versus those who opt for a less invasive or non-operative approach. This controversy even extends to cases of hemodynamically unstable patients in which damage control surgery is thought to be useful and effective. The aim of this article is to delineate our experience in the surgical management of penetrating cardiac injuries via the creation of a clear and practical algorithm that includes basic principles of damage control surgery. We recommend that all patients with precordial penetrating injuries undergo trans-thoracic ultrasound screening as an integral component of their initial evaluation. In those patients who arrive hemodynamically stable but have a positive ultrasound, a pericardial window with lavage and drainage should follow. We want to emphasize the importance of the pericardial lavage and drainage in the surgical management algorithm of these patients. Before this concept, all positive pericardial windows ended up in an open chest exploration. With the coming of the pericardial lavage and drainage procedure, the reported literature and our experience have shown that 25% of positive pericardial windows do not benefit and/or require further invasive procedures. However, in hemodynamically unstable patients, damage control surgery may still be required to control ongoing bleeding. For this purpose, we propose a surgical management algorithm that includes all of these essential clinical aspects in the care of these patients.
Damage control of peripheral vascular trauma - Don’t be afraid of axillary or popliteal fosses
Authors: Herrera Mario Alain , Millan Mauricio , Del Valle Ana Milena , Betancourt-Cajiao Mateo , Caicedo Yaset , Caicedo Isabella , Gallego Linda M. , Rivera Diego , Parra Michael W , Ordoñez Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2021

Peripheral vascular injuries are uncommon in civilian trauma but can threaten the patient’s life or the viability of the limb. The definitive control of the vascular injury represents a surgical challenge, especially if the patient is hemodynamically unstable. This article proposes the management of peripheral vascular trauma following damage control surgery principles. It is essential to rapidly identify vascular injury signs and perform temporary bleeding control maneuvers. The surgical approaches according to the anatomical injured region should be selected. We propose two novel approaches to access the axillary and popliteal zones. The priority should be to reestablish limb perfusion via primary repair or damage control techniques (vascular shunt or endovascular approach). Major vascular surgeries should be managed postoperatively in the intensive care unit, which will allow correction of physiological derangement and identification of those developing compartmental syndrome. All permanent or temporary vascular procedures should be followed by a definitive repair within the first 8 hours. An early diagnosis and opportune intervention are fundamental to preserve the function and perfusion of the extremity.
The phenomenon of evil in the philosophical concepts of the European Middle Ages
Authors: Gorokhov Pavel Aleksandrovich , Yuzhaninova Ekaterina Rafaelevna
Published: May 2021

The object of this research is the heritage of the leading representatives of Medieval philosophy, while the subject is the philosophical ideas of the prominent representatives of Patristic and Scholastic philosophy upon the nature of evil. The goal of this work lies in giving holistic assessment to the philosophical ideas on the phenomenon of evil in the Middle Ages, and is achieved by solving the following tasks: 1) assessment of the concept of “the first sin” as the foundation for understanding the phenomenon of evil in Medieval philosophy; 2) determination of the genesis of philosophical ideas of the Middle Ages pertaining to the nature of evil in the logical-historical aspect; 3) description of the impact of such ideas upon further development of the Western European philosophy. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive examination of the Medieval philosophical concepts dedicated to the phenomenon of evil. In Christianity, evil is viewed as essentially historical phenomenon, stemming from the event of the first sin and being conquered by the will of God. Medieval philosophers underlined the need for determining the ontology of evil, which is called to answer the question on the nature of evil and the role of evil in the universe. Medieval philosophers were also concerned with the problem of Theodicy, i.e. why a good God permits the manifestation of evil. The representatives of Patristic and Scholastic philosophy reasoned over the moral aspect in interpretation of evil, trying to correlate the phenomenon of evil with the free will of a human. The ideas of evil as the absence of good prevailed in the Christian philosophy, which viewed the phenomenon of evil as opposite to being, nothingness. Medieval concepts on the phenomenon of evil had a considerable spiritual and sociocultural impact upon the views of the leading representatives of German idealism, who have embraced not so much the assuredness of Medieval Christian philosophers that evil is the absence of good, but the idea on the equality of good and evil as the fundamentals of the universe and the components of human nature.
Nonsteady-state mathematical modelling of H2SO4-catalysed alkylation of isobutane with alkenes
Authors: Ivashkina Elena , Ivanchina Emiliya , Dolganov Igor , Chuzlov Vyacheslav , Kotelnikov Alexander , Dolganova Irena , Khakimov Rustam
Published: May 2021

H2SO4-catalysed isobutane alkylation with alkenes is an important industrial process used to obtain high-octane alkylate. In this process, the concentration of H2SO4 is one of the main parameters. For alkylation, sulphuric acid containing 88%–98% monohydrate is typically used. However, only a H2SO4 concentration of 95%–96% enables alkylate with the maximum octane number to be obtained. Changes in H2SO4 concentration due to decontamination are the main cause of process variations. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the reactor acid concentration at a constant level by regulating the supply of fresh catalyst and pumping out any spent acid. The main reasons for the decrease in the H2SO4 concentration are accumulation of high-molecular organic compounds and dilution by water. One way to improve and predict unsteady alkylation processes is to develop a mathematical model that considers catalyst deactivation. In the present work, the formation reactions of undesired substances were used in the description of the alkylation process, indicating the sensitivity of the prediction to H2SO4 activity variations. This was used for calculation the optimal technological modes ensuring the maximum selectivity and stability of the chemical–technological system under varying hydrocarbon feedstock compositions.
Rights of Arrested Person and How to Protect them in the Libyan Law: حقوق المقبوض عليه ووسائل حمايتها في القانون الليبي
Authors: Abdallah Abdusalam Sherif, Badruddin Hj Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

This study deals with the rights of those arrested and their protection in Libyan legislation. The arrest of persons is one of the most important and most dangerous measures against freedom. It affects one of the most important human rights, namely, the right to freedom. Which is legally competent to carry out the investigation, taking into account its detention in the places designated for that purpose. The problem of the legal texts in the Libyan criminal law focuses on the recognition of the rights of those arrested, protecting them against any unlawful interference with them, or exaggeration and strictness in restricting them. What is their compatibility with or contradictions with the basic provisions of the Libyan Constitution? What is the way to remove and raise this discrepancy that exists? In this study, the study relied on the analytical descriptive approach to identify the rights of those arrested, as well as the means established by the law to guarantee these rights from any abuse by the competent authorities in this dangerous procedure, by studying and analyzing the legal texts and relevant judicial decisions. The Libyan law, to identify the rights of those arrested and the means of protecting them, and to assess the position of the Libyan legislator of all this. This study concluded with a number of results: The right of defense is an inherent right of the accused from the moment that he is charged with a crime. This right remains valid throughout the investigation and trial stage. However, we did not find explicit provisions in Libyan law the right of the accused to have access to a lawyer during his arrest or even during the investigative and forensic procedures carried out by the judicial ombudsman. The matter was left without an explicit statement confirming the right of the accused to seek legal assistance or to deny this right. There is no explicit provision in the Libyan law that the arrested defendant has the right to remain silent in the case of arrest, and there is no text in return that requires him to give his testimony before the investigative and investigative bodies. So, there is a difference about recognizing this right.
The impact of electronic stores’ use of information technology on customer satisfaction: The case of Amazon company E-marketing: أثر استخدام المتاجر الإلكترونية لتكنولوجيا المعلومات على رضا العملاءحالة دراسية: شركة أمازون للتسويق الإلكتروني
Authors: Abdelmo’ti Suleiman Abdelmo’ti Abu Al-Rub
Published: May 2021

Information and technology (IT) is considered as an important component of business activity because it provides accurate information that helps senior management accelerate their decision-making. It is worth noting that information technology and its uses are constantly changing, making it important to accommodate to all these changes. Therefore, it is imperative for business organizations, including electronic stores, to exploit them to achieve the maximum benefit so that it can achieve its goals and satisfy its customers. Hence, the problem of this study is to investigate the impact of the use of electronic stores of information technology on customer satisfaction? The importance of the study stems from the fact that it addresses an important element worthy of study, knowing the impact of electronic stores’ use of information technology on customer satisfaction. The study was based on the following main hypothesis: There is no statistically significant effect at (α = 0.05) level between IT and customer satisfaction. According to the study's objectives and hypotheses, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to a random sample including 250 customers of Amazon Electronic Marketing Company in Riyadh. A descriptive analytical method was used in data analysis according to the literature review dealing with the topic of the study. Therefore, the study recommended the concerned parties to use information technology in their management strategies and activities because of the benefits provided by information technology in improving the quality of services provided to customers, which, in return, impacts positively on their satisfaction.
Investigating Speaking Skill's Problems and Difficulties that Encounter Secondary Schools' Students in Riyadh City
Authors: Abdelraziq Abdelghani Mahil Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

This study aimed at investigating the Speaking Skill's Problems and Difficulties that Encounter Secondary Schools' Students in Saudi Arabia in Riyadh City. The scope of the study was in the area of the applied linguistics. The objectives of this study were: to investigate the difficulties and the problems that face secondary school students in speaking English, to draw teachers' attention to the importance of speaking skills, to encourage speaking skill among the students, and to offer recommendations that might help teachers and students to overcome and reduce these speaking problems and difficulties. The study has adopted the descriptive analytical method. The sample of the study consisted of (20) male teachers in Riyadh city in the second semester of the academic year 1437 / 1438 H. A questionnaire was designed as a tool to collect the data. The study used a recent statistical package to analyze the data. The results indicated Saud secondary schools students face problems and difficulties in speaking skill. To conclude, the researcher gives the following recommendations: English text books should be well prepared to motivate and encourage students to speak the language and they should be given enough time to practice speaking skills, schools should be provided with language labs or at least with some educational techniques, so as to introduce classroom communication activities in good and interesting manners, and teachers should offer extra speaking skill activities in order to enable students to speak fluently.