bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design improvement to reduce noise effect in CDMA multiple access optical systems based on new (2-D) code using spectral/spatial half-matrix technique
Authors: Alayedi Mohanad , Cherifi Abdelhamid , Hamida Abdelhak Ferhat , Rahmani Mohamed , Attalah Yousef , Bouazza Boubakar S.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents for non-coherent Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) systems a new optical code namely Two-Dimensional Half Spectral/Spatial Zero Cross Correlation (2D-HSSZCC) code based on a One-Dimensional Zero Cross Correlation (1D-ZCC) code already developed using block matrices characterized by a high capacity. The results of simulation show that the use of the new (2D-HSSZCC) code eliminates totally the Multiple Access Interferences (MAI) due to the zero cross correlation flexibility, and less complexity of the code construction which produces a very low bit error rate of closely (4×10−18) at 1 Gbps for four users with a low power source of −12.60 dBm to reach a high data rate and high number of simultaneous users upper to closely 149, save an effective power around −1.35 dBm, −3.3d Bm compared between those provides by (Two-Dimensional dynamic cyclic shift (2D-DCS) code and Two-Dimensional Dimensional Diluted Perfect Difference (2D-DPD) and (1D-ZCC) code, and increase the cardinality percentage upper to 1.58, 2.19, 2.33 and 3.9 times comparing to (2D-DCS) code, 2D-DPD code, 1D-ZCC code and Two-Dimensional Flexible Cross Corelation/Modified Double Weight (2D-FCC/MDW) code. On the other hand, 2D-HSSZCC code is comparied with other codes which has it same property namely Two-Dimensional zero cross correlation/multi diagonal (2D-ZCC/MD) and (2D-MD) codes where the increased percentage in system capacity was 1.38 and 1.05 times, respectively. Finally, the results obtained in part 1 (with Matlab software) were confirmed and validated with the Optisystem software, the proposed system gave a better BER minimum value around 10−21 and a maximum value of the Q factor of around 9.4 at 622 Mbps of data rate when the number of simultaneous users increases.
Crystal structure of poly[bis(μ2-1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene-κ2
N:N′)-(μ2-tetraoxidomolybdato(VI)-κ2
O:O′)cobalt(II)], C24H20N8O4MoCo
Authors: Zhou Cheng-Yong , Du Yu-Jie , Su Feng , Zhang Bao-Xiu , Li Shao-Dong
Published: September 2020

C24H20N8O4MoCo, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 19.3535(7) Å, b = 10.0870(4) Å, c = 12.4174(5) Å, β = 97.3700(10)°, V = 2404.08(16) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0218, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0577, T = 298(2) K.
Embodied, Relational, Desiring, Vulnerable – Reconsidering Imago Dei
Authors: Henriksen Jan-Olav
Published: September 2020

God is always experienced in the mode of representations. The fundamental representation of God is Jesus Christ, the true image of God. In order to specify this designation further, with reference to all of humanity, it is suggested that the basic features of such representation can be identified in the features of desire and vulnerability, as manifestations of interconnectedness and dependence. These features are not only expressing themselves as that with which humans need to come to terms, but they also manifest the deeply relational character of humanity and its internal connection to goodness. They also make it possible to specify further how God and the human being are intrinsically connected, and make it possible to see why love is so important in the realization ofimago Dei: It is love that secures that both desire and vulnerability can contribute to human flourishing, and thus precludes sin from manifesting itself.
Christian Ethics, Lutheran Tradition, and Pluralistic Society
Authors: Bach Nikolajsen Jeppe
Published: September 2020

In the Lutheran tradition, the particular aspects of theological ethics have often been overlooked, if not outright denied. Thus, it is not uncommon for Lutheran theologians to emphasize the universal aspects of theological ethics and to downplay its particular aspects, even to the point of arguing that a Christian ethics does not exist. Against this background, the article gives several arguments for drawing Lutheran ethics in a direction that will allow its particular aspects to be more clearly articulated. It also presents certain features of Luther’s ethical position that might foster an understanding of the particular aspects of Lutheran ethics. Building on this, the article points to a contemporary Lutheran position of relevance to a pluralistic society.
Theology and Philosophy of Religion in Richard Wagner’s Parsifal
Authors: Ter Ern Loke Andrew
Published: September 2020

The interpretation of Richard Wagner’s music drama Parsifal has been one of the most philosophically and theologically controversial. Over the years various interpretations have been given, among them Buddhist, Schopenhauer-ian, anti-semite, and Christian. In this paper, I argue that this music drama is fundamentally a Christian work. I begin by discussing some methodological and background historical issues. I consider difficulties concerning bias in interpretation and the complicated intellectual life of Wagner, and propose to overcome these difficulties by testing various interpretations by their consistency with various parts of the music drama, and to interpret the statements of this music drama within that context. I then argue that Parsifal reflects the soteriological concepts of sola gratia, sola fide and solus Christus that are unique to Christianity but inconsistent with other interpretations. Finally, I address various objections to my Christian interpretation.
The Evolution of the Funny: American Folk Humor and Gimbel’s Cleverness Theory
Authors: Sills Liz
Published: September 2020

In 2017, Steven Gimbel publishedIsn’t That Clever: A Philosophical Account of Humor and Comedy.This book proposes, among other vastly interesting notions, a definition of humor that eschews audience reactions in favor of focusing exclusively on the craft and intention of the responsible comedian. This article intends to provoke that definition and show why humorous performances cannot be crafted without an audience-centric mindset, proving Gimbel’s notion problematic at best. To poke this definition, I draw on the American Folk Humor tradition and compare its historic roots with modern tourist attractions that on the surface appear to channel its spirit. These include the Hoop-Dee-Doo Revue dinner show at Walt Disney World and The Brewery Follies at Virginia City, Montana. After showcasing the differences between these modern performances and the tradition they pretend to espouse, I conclude that Gimbel’s theory cannot account for the evolution of a funny genre.
Oblique anticausatives: A morphosyntactic isogloss in Indo-European
Authors: Barđdal Jóhanna , Kulikov Leonid , Pooth Roland , Kerkhof Peter Alexander
Published: September 2020

The goal of this article is to introduce to the field a particular subtype of valency-reducing strategies, referred to asoblique anticausativizationbelow. This subtype differs from more common and better known dependent-marking types, such as, for instance, the canonical anticausative. Instead, oblique anticausatives are characterized by the preservation of the object case of the transitive-causative alternant, hence the termoblique. This object case marker shows up with the subject of the corresponding intransitive construction. We document the existence of this alternation in seven branches of Indo-European, particularly in the North-Central region, but also sporadically in the South-Eastern parts of the Indo-European area. Ruling out alternative accounts of the relevant geographical distribution, such as borrowing and shared innovation, we argue for a morphosyntactic isogloss common for Germanic, Baltic, Slavic and Italic. This is paralleled by isolated enclaves found in other branches of Indo-European, such as Ancient Greek, Anatolian and Indo-Aryan. Altogether, the evidence speaks for the existence of oblique anticausativization in the proto-language, thus motivating a reconstruction of this alternation for the grammar of Proto-Indo-European.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and electric shocks: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jalilian Hamed , Najafi Kamran , Khosravi Yahya , Röösli Martin
Published: September 2020

Exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and electric shocks occurs in many workplaces and occupations but it is unclear whether any of these exposures cause Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore whether occupational exposure to ELF-MF and/or electric shocks are risk factor for ALS. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to the end of 2019. Pooled risk estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis including exploration of the sources of heterogeneity between studies and publication bias. Twenty-seven publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We found a weak, significant, association between occupational exposure to ELF-MF and the risk of ALS (RRPooled estimate: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.38) with moderate to high heterogeneity (I2=66.3%) and indication of publication bias (PEgger’s test=0.03). No association was observed between occupational exposure to electric shocks and risk of ALS (RRPooled estimate: 0.97; 95%CI: 0.80, 1.17) with high heterogeneity (I2=80.5%), and little indication for publication bias (PEgger’s test=0.24). The findings indicate that occupational exposure to ELF-MF, but not electric shocks, might be a risk factor for ALS. However, given the moderate to high heterogeneity and potential publication bias, the results should be interpreted with caution.
The Economic Position of Households in Serbia during the post-2000 Capitalist Consolidation
Authors: Manić Željka , Mirkov Anđelka
Published: September 2020

The authors analyse the economic position of households in Serbia during the recent social transition towards a consolidated capitalist society. Of central importance here is a determination of the overall population’s economic position, with emphasis on the changes during the gradual consolidation of the capitalist order. The study is based on the analysis of statewide representative samples from three comparable research surveys conducted by the Institute for Sociological Research of the University of Belgrade – Faculty of Philosophy in 2003, 2012, and 2018. The analysis yielded results indicating that the economic position of households in Serbia, despite improvement during a recent period of capitalist consolidation (2018) when compared to an earlier period marked by a cyclical economic crisis (2012), is still lower than it had been during the first years of the country’s accelerated postsocialist transformation (2003).
Pressure induced nodal line semimetal in YH3
Authors: Liu Fei-Hu , Wu Li-Na , Deng Ying-Hua , Fu Wei
Published: September 2020

The electronic structure of yttrium trihydride (YH3) under pressure has been explored by using the first-principle calculation. The existence of semiconductor phase of YH3 is predicted at low pressure with symmetry group

p

3
¯

c
1

$p\overline{3}c1$

(165). In the range of 10–24 GPa, electron- and hole-like bands near the Fermi level are overlapped and form a snake-like nodal ring around Γ point. Different from previous literature (D. Shao, T. Chen, Q. Gu, et al., “Nonsymmorphic symmetry protected node-line semimetal in the trigonal YH3,” Sci. Rep., vol. 8, 2018.; J. Wang, Y. Liu, K.-H. Jin, et al., Phys. Rev. B, vol. 98, p. 201112, 2018), which assumes the band degeneracy is protected by mirror symmetry, we argue that the nodal line is protected by the space inversion symmetry and the time reversal symmetry. For weak spin-orbital coupling (SOC), the fermion modes at the band crossings are real 3D Majorana fermions. This is a typical double charged nodal-line semimetal, meaning that there are two topological invariants of this nodal line: a 1D Berry’s phase and a Z
2 monopole charge, which are related to the first and the second Stiefel-Whitney classes of the Berry bundle and can be given by the first-principle calculation. It turns out that the 1D Berry’s phase is nontrivial, but the Z
2 monopole charge is trivial. Therefore, this nodal line can shrink to a point and gapped out without breaking the topological constraints.
Dopaminergic Modulation of Human Intertemporal Choice: A Diffusion Model Analysis Using the D2-Receptor Antagonist Haloperidol
Authors: Wagner Ben , Clos Mareike , Sommer Tobias , Peters Jan
Published: September 2020

The neurotransmitter dopamine is implicated in diverse functions, including reward processing, reinforcement learning, and cognitive control. The tendency to discount future rewards over time has long been discussed in the context of potential dopaminergic modulation. Here we examined the effect of a single dose of the D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol (2 mg) on temporal discounting in healthy female and male human participants. Our approach extends previous pharmacological studies in two ways. First, we applied combined temporal discounting drift diffusion models to examine choice dynamics. Second, we examined dopaminergic modulation of reward magnitude effects on temporal discounting. Hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation revealed that the data were best accounted for by a temporal discounting drift diffusion model with nonlinear trialwise drift rate scaling. This model showed good parameter recovery, and posterior predictive checks revealed that it accurately reproduced the relationship between decision conflict and response times in individual participants. We observed reduced temporal discounting and substantially faster nondecision times under haloperidol compared with placebo. Discounting was steeper for low versus high reward magnitudes, but this effect was largely unaffected by haloperidol. Results were corroborated by model-free analyses and modeling via more standard approaches. We previously reported elevated caudate activation under haloperidol in this sample of participants, supporting the idea that haloperidol elevated dopamine neurotransmission (e.g., by blocking inhibitory feedback via presynaptic D2 auto-receptors). The present results reveal that this is associated with an augmentation of both lower-level (nondecision time) and higher-level (temporal discounting) components of the decision process.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDopamine is implicated in reward processing, reinforcement learning, and cognitive control. Here we examined the effects of a single dose of the D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol on temporal discounting and choice dynamics during the decision process. We extend previous studies by applying computational modeling using the drift diffusion model, which revealed that haloperidol reduced the nondecision time and reduced impulsive choice compared with placebo. These findings are compatible with a haloperidol-induced increase in striatal dopamine (e.g., because of a presynaptic mechanism). Our data provide novel insights into the contributions of dopamine to value-based decision-making and highlight how comprehensive model-based analyses using sequential sampling models can inform the effects of pharmacological modulation on choice processes.
Persistent Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A 6-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Kaelber David C. , Localio A. Russell , Ross Michelle , Leon Janeen B. , Pace Wilson D. , Wasserman Richard C. , Grundmeier Robert W. , Steffes Jennifer , Fiks Alexander G.
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the natural history of pediatric hypertension.

METHODS:

We conducted a 72-month retrospective cohort study among 165 primary care sites. Blood pressure measurements from two consecutive 36 month periods were compared.

RESULTS:

Among 398 079 primary care pediatric patients ages 3 to 18, 89 347 had ≥3 blood pressure levels recorded during a 36-month period, and 43 825 children had ≥3 blood pressure levels for 2 consecutive 36-month periods. Among these 43 825 children, 4.3% (1881) met criteria for hypertension (3.5% [1515] stage 1, 0.8% [366] stage 2) and 4.9% (2144) met criteria for elevated blood pressure in the first 36 months. During the second 36 months, 50% (933) of hypertensive patients had no abnormal blood pressure levels, 22% (406) had elevated blood pressure levels or <3 hypertensive blood pressure levels, and 29% (542) had ≥3 hypertensive blood pressure levels. Of 2144 patients with elevated blood pressure in the first 36 months, 70% (1492) had no abnormal blood pressure levels, 18% (378) had persistent elevated blood pressure levels, and 13% (274) developed hypertension in the second 36-months. Among the 7775 patients with abnormal blood pressure levels in the first 36-months, only 52% (4025) had ≥3 blood pressure levels recorded during the second 36-months.

CONCLUSIONS:

In a primary care cohort, most children initially meeting criteria for hypertension or elevated blood pressure had subsequent normal blood pressure levels or did not receive recommended follow-up measurements. These results highlight the need for more nuanced initial blood pressure assessment and systems to promote follow-up of abnormal results.
To Determine a Quality from Visum ET Repertum Needs a Living Victim in Rsud Posea Since 1st January 2015 Till 31st December 2018
Authors: Petrus Asan
Published: September 2020

Background: Visum et repertum (VeR) as evidence plays a role in the process ofproving a criminal case and is expected to provide sufficient information for lawenforcers, especially judges in making court decisions, for this purpose a goodquality VeR is needed.Methods: This study is an observational study with a descriptive analyticapproach to post mortem data for injuries of living victims in Porsea RegionalHospital for the period January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, using a scoringtool from Herkutanto to 13 variables in visum et repertum of injuries to livingvictims. . The sample was selected by total sampling method.Results: The total number of cases examined by doctors as evidenced by the VeRletter was 17 cases. The quality of the VeR injury to the preliminary section is100% (the quality is good). The quality of the VeR injury in the news section is51.56% (moderate quality). The quality of the VeR injury to the conclusion is45.5% (the quality is not good). The quality of the VER of the injuries in generalwas 51.54% (moderate quality).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the post-mortem made by doctorsat Porsea Hospital is not good, it is still in the moderate category, especially thenews and conclusions section, this is in accordance with what is stated in theRegulation of the Indonesian Medical Council No. 11 of 2012 and the results ofprevious studies
The bridge piers sagging problem under permafrost subbase degradation conditions and the possible solution
Authors: Tomilov Sergey , Sim Alexander , Grinev Pavel
Published: September 2020

Permafrost soils are common for extensive areas of our country and when building engineering structures in such conditions, it is necessary to take into account the factor supporting subbase on the permafrost soil, which may initially have high stress-related characteristics. But the permafrost degradation phenomenon with frost retreat no less common. It can be happening both for natural reasons due to global warming, and for man-made reasons, when interference during construction and further the structure itself initiates subsoil frost retreat. For the most part, permafrost soils lose their strength and elastic properties during the frost retreat, turning into an almost liquid consistency, which entails the failure of the supports in the bearing capability and position stability.
With the road network development and the bridge’s construction in the northern regions at the end of the 60s — early 70s of the XX century, the first principle of the design was widely applied. It was for use and maintenance of the subsoil in a frozen state, which means not require a deep foundation required. However, after 20 — 30 years of operation, cases of unexpected and significant bridge piers sagging began to be noted, as it turned out, was the result of permafrost soils frost retreat to the entire depth of the foundation. It was also noted that in some cases the bridge piers sagging is preceded by its frost boil phenomena, which appear shortly before piers sinking and almost complete failure.
In this article case of an unexpected bridge piers failure examined on a specific bridge. After 30 years of proper functioning, pierces received such significant sagging, so in just three years that got to the point when it’s not only traffic safety but the cohesiveness of the entire structure. And before that, a frost boil was noted at some of the bridge pierce.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the frost boil mechanism and sagging of the bridge pierce’ foundations due to the progressive permafrost degradation and to suggest restoring and maintaining ways for pierces’ operation capacity.
Overall, the reasons and principles of permafrost subbase degradation were analyzed in this paper. through calculations using a specific example, significant sagging and bridge pierce bearing capability loss observations were justified and substantiated the effectiveness of the proposed in this article structural reinforcement measures.
Theory of intellectual labor as metascience: general questions
Authors: Alimova Natalia
Published: September 2020

The paper noted that the classification of research directions in the theory of intellectual work involved a number of researchers. All variety of classifications is divided into two categories -the first considers the structure of directions, depending on what are the basic science in the formation of a specific direction. The second looks at how interrelated areas. It is noted that the theory of intellectual work is meta.
Influência da Temperatura e Tempo do Tratamento Térmico de Revenimento de Duplo Estágio sobre a Microestrutura e Propriedades do Metal de Solda 13% Cr, 4% Ni e 0,4% Mo
Authors: Vilela Keila Cristina , Vaz Cláudio Turani
Published: September 2020

Resumo: O aço inoxidável martensítico fundido CA6NM é empregado na construção e reparação de rotores e sua escolha ocorre devido ao custo de fabricação e ao desempenho em operação. Tanto na construção quanto no reparo destes é empregado um metal de solda similar no processo de soldagem, contendo 13% de cromo, 4% de níquel e 0,4% de molibdênio, com teores de carbono inferiores a 0,04%. Por meio do emprego do tratamento térmico de revenimento de duplo estágio, é possível obter melhorias quanto à tenacidade, devido principalmente à formação de austenita retida na microestrutura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura e tempo deste tratamento sobre a microestrutura e tenacidade do metal de solda. Foram analisadas cinco diferentes condições (580 °C/2h, 620 °C/2h, 650 °C/2h, 620 °C/2h+580 °C/4h e 650 °C/2h+580 °C/4h), além de como soldado. Em todas as condições analisadas formou-se austenita retida, porém, os maiores teores foram encontrados nos tratamentos térmicos de duplo estágio. A tenacidade foi avaliada por meio do ensaio Charpy com entalhe em V e os valores de energia absorvida obtidos para o metal de solda apresentaram relação diretamente proporcional à porcentagem de austenita retida encontrada e, para a dureza Vickers, essa relação foi inversa. Tratamentos térmicos com a utilização de mais energia (650 °C/2h+580 °C/4h) levaram a maior formação de austenita retida, enquanto que para o de menor energia (580 °C/2h) foi obtido menor teor austenita retida e menor valor de tenacidade.
A closer look at the epidemiology of schizophrenia and common mental disorders in Brazil
Authors: Carteri Randhall Bruce , Oses Jean Pierre , Cardoso Taiane de Azevedo , Moreira Fernanda Pedrotti , Jansen Karen , Silva Ricardo Azevedo da
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT. Schizophrenia and common mental disorders are noteworthy social and economic concern worldwide. Epidemiologic studies on the impact of specific mental disorders in emerging countries are scarce. Objectives: We aimed to characterize the demographic, social, and economic burden of schizophrenia and common mental disorders patients in the health system in Brazil. Methods: Data on these conditions in Brazil between 2008 and 2019 were collected through the website of the Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System - DATASUS) maintained by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Mean annual hospital admissions were 154,009.67, and cumulative incidence of 77.44 admissions per 100,000 inhabitants. Results: Average annual hospital expenses were US$ 67,216,056.04, with an average admission cost of US$ 432.58. The most affected age groups were older adults albeit younger individuals showed a trend towards increase of occurrences in recent years. There were a higher number of admissions in men compared to women. Conclusions: We consider the results obtained important to assist in evaluating and guiding public policies regarding the prevention and treatment in health systems.
Speech in the foreign accent syndrome: differential diagnosis between organic and functional cases
Authors: Barreto Simone dos Santos , Ortiz Karin Zazo
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT. Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is an extremely rare disorder, with 112 cases described until 2019. We compare two cases of the foreign accent syndrome in native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese in its classic form (FAS) and psychiatric variant (FALS). Two cases were analyzed: (1) a right-handed, 69-year-old man, with a prior history of stroke, and (2) a right-handed, 43-year-old woman, diagnosed with schizophrenia. They were evaluate for language and speech, including the speech intelligibility. Both patients had speech impairments complaints, similar to a new accent, without previous exposure to a foreign language. However, the onset of the speech disorder was sudden in case 1 and insidious and with transient events in case 2, with speech intelligibility scores of 95.5 and 55.3% respectively. Besides neurologic impairment, the clinical presentation of FALS was extremely severe and differed to that expected in FAS cases, in which speech intelligibility is preserved.
Validade e acurácia do Guedes Tool para avaliar o apoio social informal para idosos
Authors: Guedes Marcello Barbosa Otoni Gonçalves , Lopes Johnnatas Mikael , Guedes Thais Sousa Rodrigues , Lima André Luiz , Oliveira Danielle Conceição Ferreira de , Lima Kenio Costa
Published: September 2020

Resumo Os objetivos foram confirmar a validade do Guedes Tool, instrumento para avaliação do apoio social informal (ASI) para idosos, e estimar sua acurácia. Foi realizada análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) com avaliação dos índices CFI, RMSEA e relação do qui-quadrado (X2) com graus de liberdade (gl). Para análise de acurácia foi verificada a área sob a curva ROC, valores de sensibilidade (S), especificidade (E), valor preditivo positivo (VP+), valor preditivo negativo (VP-) e o Índice J de Younder (J) para confirmar o melhor ponto de corte. A coleta de dados ocorreu com idosos de Natal e região metropolitana em 2018. Os critérios de inclusão foram: ter 60 anos ou mais, com níveis cognitivos preservados. Duzentos e seis idosos participaram do estudo de AFC e 197 participaram da análise de acurácia. As estimativas dos índices avaliados na AFC foram: X2/gl=1,33, RMSEA=0,04 (IC95% 0,025-0,054) e CFI=0,91. A curva ROC obteve área de 0,78 (IC95: 0,72-0,85; p<0,001) para a determinação de idosos com baixo ASI. O J de maior valor foi de 0,44 para pontuação ≤34, o qual tem uma S de 59,76% e E de 84,96%. O instrumento apresentou um modelo bem ajustado com quatro dimensões, segundo critérios da AFC. Apresentou boa área sob a curva ROC e boa E e S moderada para o valor de corte de 34 pontos ou menos para o diagnóstico do ASI insuficiente. Os bons indicadores de VP+ e VP- reforçaram sua acurácia desejável.
Selection of Brazilian native turfgrass accessions for establishment by sprigs
Authors: Silva Stella Áurea Cristiane Gomes da , Albuquerque Filho João Carlos Cezar de , Silva Simone Santos Lira , Castro Ana Cecília Ribeiro de , Loges Vivian
Published: September 2020

Abstract Researches with Brazilian native species of Axonopus and Paspalum genus have indicated their lawn-use. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the use of sprigs, which are rhizomes and/or stolons fragments of plants without substrate and with reduced aerial part, as a propagation method for turfgrass establishment. Two experiments were developed. Experiment 1: turfgrass sods (1026 cm²) from Axonopus parodii (AP 01), Paspalum lepton (PL 01) and P. notatum (PN 01 to PN 06) accessions, were fragmented in a straw crushing machine in order to obtain the sprigs. After cleaning the substrate and organic residues from the sprigs, the following variables were analyzed: total number of sprigs; minimum, maximum and average length of the sprigs; standard deviation; number of sprigs shorter than 2 cm, from 2 to 4 cm, and from 4 to 6 cm long. Experiment 2: sprigs from three different length classes were planted and evaluated at 63 days after planting. The commercial variety Zoysia japonica (ZJ 01) was used as a control treatment. The following characters were analyzed: the survival rate of the sprigs, the number of shoots, expansion, soil coverage rate, dry biomass of aerial part, and dry biomass of the roots. Correlations were made among the data obtained. Higher yields were obtained for sprigs shorter than 2 cm and from 2 to 4 cm. All accessions presented better development when established with sprigs longer than 2 cm. The Paspalum notatum accessions PN 01, PN 02, PN 03 and PN 05 could be selected for turfgrass establishment by sprigs propagation.
Paclobutrazol and phenoxaprope-P-ethyl potential as growth regulator in Carpet grass Plus®
Authors: Melero Mariana Moreira , Santos Patrick Luan Ferreira dos , Bezerra Jéssica Cristina Meira , Lima Bruno Horschut de , Pagliarini Maximiliano Kawahata , Castilho Regina Maria Monteiro de
Published: September 2020

Abstract Mowing is a fundamental management for turfgrass development. However, this operation has a higher cost, requiring alternatives to mechanical handling, such as growth regulators use. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the use of paclobutrazol and phenoxaprope-P-ethyl as growth regulators in Carpet grass Plus®. The experiment was performed in full sun, in the northwest region of São Paulo state, from January to March 2020. The grass used was planted in black plastic containers (50 x 17 cm, with a height of 15 cm, totalling 11 L of volume), previously prepared with a mixture of soil + sand (2:1). The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of two doses of paclobutrazol (1.0 and 2.0 mL L-1) + control and two doses of phenoxaprope-P-ethyl (6.25 and 12.5 µL L-1) + control. Leaf chlorophyll index, digital image analysis and fresh leaf mass were evaluated. It was observed that for Carpet grass Plus®, there was paclobutrazol effect when used as a growth regulator, with the recommended dose of 2 ml L-1 due to its residual effect up to 35 days in reducing fresh mass, without changing the concentration of leaf chlorophyll and green colour. Phenoxaprope-P-ethyl, on the other hand, had an effect as a growth regulator for the studied species, when used in the dose of 6.25 µL L-1.
Soil correction for planting bermudagrass using steel slag or limestone
Authors: Oliveira Mauricio Roberto de , Fernandes Dirceu Maximino , Villas Bôas Roberto Lyra , Backes Clarice , Godoy Leandro José Grava de , Santos Alessandro José Marques do
Published: September 2020

Abstract Limestone is the most commonly used acidity-correction agent in tropical soils. However, steel slag can be an alternative for turfgrass production areas because it contains silicon, which can increase turfgrass tolerance to biotic and/or abiotic stresses. This study was developed to evaluate the effect of the application of steel slag, as compared with limestone, on a bermudagrass sod production system. The experiment was carried out in Botucatu-SP, Brazil, in a randomized block design arranged in a factorial scheme 2 × 5 with 4 replications. Treatments consisted of two correctives (steel slag and limestone) and their rates, which were calculated to raise the soil base saturation to 12% (current), 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%. The application of lime and steel slag rates had positive effects on soil chemical attributes related to acidity correction, such as pH, Ca, Mg, H + Al, Al, CEC, SB, and base saturation (%). The slag provided higher levels of P, Ca, and Si, whereas limestone increased the Mg soil content. Steel slag provided a higher ground cover rate for bermudagrass than limestone at 114 and 161 days after transplanting (DAT), with maximum cover rate achieved with 60% base saturation at 161 DAT. The turfgrasses treated with slag showed a higher amount of roots, rhizomes, and stolons when compared with those treated with limestone. It is suggested the use of steel slag and, in calculating the need for corrective, 90% soil base saturation.
First evidence of a spawning site of the endangered fish Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850) (Characiformes, Bryconidae) in the Middle Uruguay River, Brazil
Authors: Reynalte-Tataje David Augusto , Soares Marlon da Luz , Massaro Marthoni Vinicius , Bastian Rodrigo , Pelicice Fernando Mayer
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Aim This study provides the first direct evidence about the location of a spawning site of Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850) in the Middle Uruguay River. Methods Sampling was carried out with a plankton net (500 µm) in November 2017 in the Uruguay River near the confluence with the Piratinim River, southern Brazil. Eggs were sorted in the field, and to confirm species identity we used the live ichthyoplankton technique. Results We captured 47 eggs of B. orbignyanus in the channel of the Uruguay River, characterized by fast flow, shallow depth (approximately 3 m) and rocky bottom, located a few kilometers upstream from its confluence with the Piratinim River. Eggs are spherical, well hydrated, semi-dense, transparent and non-adhesive, with a single membrane and large perivitelline space. Total diameter varied between 3,500 and 4,000 µm. Eggs were in early stages of embryonic development, and cells showed 8, 16 or 32 blastomeres. A total of 16 eggs hatched into larvae in the plastic bags. Larvae hatched approximately 18 hours after incubation, and took 14 days to become juvenile. Conclusion This seems to be the first record of a spawning site of B. orbignyanus in the La Plata River Basin, and points to the relevance of the Middle Uruguay River as a recruitment area for this endangered species.
Mercado de Arte, Integridade e Due Diligence no Brasil e no MERCOSUL Cultural
Authors: Toscano Franca Filho Marcílio , Vale Matheus Costa do , Silva Nathálya Lins da
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo visa oferecer algumas reflexões acerca da due diligence no mercado de bens culturais, explorando seu conceito, sua evolução histórica, sua aplicabilidade no direito comparado e, especialmente, seu uso no direito brasileiro e do Mercosul. Embora a due diligence se trate de um instituto mais conhecido e aplicado nos ramos jurídicos cíveis e domésticos, observa-se sua crescente exigência no mercado internacional de artes, sendo estimulado e valorizado por diversas organizações não-governamentais e organismos públicos dos mais variados países e regiões. O Brasil vem concedendo cada vez mais importância ao tema da due diligence (e suas conexões com compliance e good governance) no mercado de arte, principalmente na última década. Ressalta-se a promulgação da Lei 13.608, de 10 de janeiro de 2018, e a publicação da portaria 396/2016 do IPHAN, ambas relacionadas à Lei 9.613 de 3 de março de 1998, que, há vinte anos, vem aperfeiçoando o combate à lavagem de dinheiro em território nacional. A contrario sensu, ainda é discreta a utilização da due diligence no âmbito cultural do Mercosul. Em linha com preocupações internacionais, é necessário um aprimoramento das diretrizes incumbidas de salvaguardar as relações comerciais envolvendo o patrimônio cultural material no território do bloco.
Central Banks' Financial Stability Communications during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Correa Ricardo , Yang Jerry , Londono Juan M.
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of unprecedented policy actions by central banks around the world. Along with the reduction of interest rates and the use of asset purchase and lending programs, central bank communications have been actively deployed as a policy tool.
Exchange Rates and Endogenous Productivity
Authors: Goernemann Nils , Guerrón-Quintana Pablo , Saffie Felipe
Published: September 2020

Real exchange rates (RERs) display sizable uctuations not only over the business cycle, but also at lower frequencies, resulting in large and persistent swings over decades|facts that many business cycle models struggle to match. We propose an international macroeconomics model with endogenous productivity to rationalize these facts. In the model, endogenous growth amplifies stationary uctuations generating persistent productivity differences between countries that trigger low-frequency cycles in the RER. The estimated model effortlessly replicates the empirical spectrum, autocorrelation, and half-life of the RER. In addition, we document that low frequency movements in aggregate trade ows are crucial to discipline the RER cycles. Finally, we validate the model-implied co-movement between relative prices and technology differentials using a panel of cross industry-country data on patent and industry prices.
The dependence of the annealed cold-packed hearth mass elasticity from the degree of its compaction
Authors: Babkin M. Y. , Borovik S. I. , Soldatov A. I.
Published: September 2020

The impact of the cold-packed hearth mass density on the annealed mass dynamic elastic modulus is investigated. It is shown that the analysis of the elastic modulus curves allows to determine the area of the hearth mass optimal compaction. In this area, the annealed hearth mass has a level of mechanical properties comparable to hearth blocks.
State and prospects of development of the raw material base for the production of zirconium materials in the Russian Federation
Authors: Sokolov V. A. , Bogatyreva E. V. , Gasparyan M. D.
Published: September 2020

Areas of application of zirconium, the main of which are metallurgy, the production of refractories and ceramics are given. The sources of production and distribution of reserves and resources of zirconium dioxide in Russia are indicated. It is noted that Russia, which occupies the fourth place in the world in terms of zirconium reserves, does not have any industrially developed deposits with zirconium production, and Russian consumers are fully working on imported raw materials. The possibility of ensuring the import independence of Russia in zirconium raw materials by commissioning their own explored placer deposits of zirconium and secondary raw materials is shown.
The Predictor Role of the Search for Meaning in Life in the Determination of High School Students’ Lifelong Learning Tendencies
Authors: Kılınç Mustafa , Uzun Kıvanç
Published: September 2020

The current study aims to determine the extent to which high school students’ lifelong learning tendencies are predicted by their search for meaning in life. The study was conducted on a total of 352 senior high school students (165 females, 187 males) attending high schools located in the Bodrum District of the city of Muğla. The data of the study was collected by using a personal information form developed by the researchers, The Lifelong Learning Tendencies Scale developed by Coşkun (2009) and the sub-dimension of the search for meaning in life in the Meaning in Life Scale High School Form adapted to Turkish by Demirbaş-Çelik and İşmen-Gazioğlu (2015). In the analysis of the collected data, Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between the variables and in relation to the differences, independent samples t-test and one-way variance analysis were employed. All the analyses were conducted in SPSS 20.0 program package. At the end of the study, it was found that the high school students’ lifelong learning tendencies are positively and significantly predicted by their search for meaning in life. Moreover, the high school students’ lifelong learning tendencies were found to be varying significantly depending on gender and the type of the school attended. The findings of the study are discussed in light of the literature.
Mor Çiçekli Orman Gülünün dokuz yıllık boy ve çap artımının meşcere kapalılık derecesine göre değişimi
Authors: ÖZKAYA Mimar Sinan
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada, Artvin Merkez Orman İşletme Müdürlüğünde bulunan Doğu ladini (Picea orientalis L) meşcereleri altında bulunan Mor Çiçekli Ormangülü (Rhododenron ponticum L.) bitkisinin farklı kapalılık derecesine kapalılıktaki (tam kapalı, orta kapalı ve gevşek kapalı) sahip orman alanlarındaki büyüme potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Artvin Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü sınırları içerisindeki farklı kapalılık derecesine sahip Doğu Ladini meşcerelerinin alt tabakasında daha önceden biyokütle amacıyla ormangülünün toprak seviyesinden temizlendiği meşcerelerden toplam 49 adet 25 m2 (5m x 5m) büyüklüğünde örnekleme alanı belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen örnekleme alanlarında orman gülü sürgünlerinde çap ve boy ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda yıllık çap artımı ve yıllık boy artımı değerlerinin kapalılık derecesinin artışına bağlı olarak azaldığı (p
Example PLSR for Predicting Leaf Traits from Leaf Spectra v1
Authors: C Burnett Angela , Anderson Jeremiah , J Davidson Kenneth , S Ely Kim , Lamour Julien , Li Qianyu , Morrison Bailey , Yang Dedi , Rogers Alistair , P Serbin Shawn
Published: September 2020

Protocol for predicting leaf traits from leaf reflectance spectra, using partial least-squares regression (PLSR).
Variaciones artísticas no exactas
Authors: Muñoz Rodríguez María del Rocío
Published: September 2020

Presento en este ensayo unas primeras reflexiones sobre lo que la experiencia artística es para mi. Manifestando el arte como acción, nombrando a la obra como guía del proceso creativo en su misterio y mencionando la implicación ética y política de todo quehacer artístico en su finitud y trascendencia.
Redistribution and Recognition in Spanish Transgender Laws
Authors: Platero R. Lucas
Published: September 2020

Since 2012, 16 laws granting rights to trans individuals have been passed in Spanish regions. How can we assess the quality of these laws? Do they all profoundly and positively transform trans people’s well-being? Do they tackle the economic marginalization of trans people? Do they have a symbolic impact? Using multidimensional criteria, I analyze trans-specific and LGBTI+ antidiscrimination policies to define trans-positivity in policymaking. This article uses feminist theory to judge this legislation’s value, contrasting that with the insights of activists and policymakers interviewed for this purpose. Benefiting from the discussion between Nancy Fraser (1995) and Judith Butler (1997), the quality of trans legislation can be assessed by looking at both cultural recognition and economic redistribution. In addition, following Andrea Krizsan and Emanuela Lombardo (2013), I also analyze these laws through the lens of empowerment and transformation. Having made the elusive relationship between sexuality and political economy in trans laws in Spain visible, I call for greater imagination to envisage other sorts of political actions for trans people.
EVALUATION OF THE MACROECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF NATURAL DISASTERS AND SUBSEQUENT DISCLOSURES IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF A CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC
Authors: Kuzina R.
Published: September 2020

The article reviews the macroeconomic consequences of natural disasters based on the ECLAC methodology, which separates direct physical damage from indirect damage and additional or secondary effects. A study of the impact of natural disasters on long-term economic growth and development has shown that the scarcity of financial resources after a natural disaster reduces future growth and requires the disclosure of risks associated with dangerous natural phenomena for three reasons. Firstly, there are large opportunity costs associated with diverting scarce financial resources into relief and disaster recovery efforts. Secondly, natural disasters can damage an already complex budgeting process. Thirdly, natural disasters place high demands on international aid resources, diverting resources from development. Natural disasters have a negative impact on both the short and long term. These developments refute the somewhat simplistic notion of a general decline in vulnerability to natural disasters as the economy grows. Instead, a more sophisticated perspective needs to be adopted and applied when conducting detailed macroeconomic risk assessments. Based on the results of such assessments, the risks associated with natural hazards should be included in general development policies and plans. Risk management strategies should also reflect the fact that disasters occur in different hazard categories (climatic, geophysical or epidemic) and entail different risk reduction options. It is also necessary to assess the experience gained from specific events and, if necessary, take appropriate action. Disasters can cause policy and institutional innovation changes that ultimately benefit, in some cases, not only in reducing vulnerability but also in supporting economic growth and development: deregulating agricultural investment, applying climate forecasting to reduce the impact of climate variability, financial risk management mechanisms. In order to manage risks and mitigate the effects of natural disasters by informing users of financial statements about possible side effects of the pandemic, the issue of disclosure and recalculation of financial statements was considered to reflect the effects of coronavirus on companies and assess financial risks.
Ascending from the Abstract to the Concrete in School Teaching — the double Move between Theoretical Concepts and Children’s Concepts
Authors: Hedegaard M.
Published: September 2020

Vasily V. Davydov’s solved the problem between situated and abstract knowledge and integrated these conceptions into a connected theory of knowledge and thinking. His use of germ-cell models as a methodological tool is the key to understand this integration of abstract knowledge with the concrete complex and situated knowledge of a domain. I will show how I built on these ideas in my research of children’s learning and development by presenting a design experiment I conducted. The aim in this article is to illustrate the importance but also the complexity of using germ-cell models in developmental teaching as a tool focusing on the students’ activity that orient children to formulate core models as their own tool to, reflect and analyse within the complexity of concrete life scenarios. The design experiment demonstrates that a primary-substantial abstraction may be a first step in formulating germ-cell models that can evolve so different subject areas can be connected when ascending to the concrete in developmental teaching. To accomplish this, it was important to take the children’s perspective in the teaching process as a ‘double move’ between children’s motive orientation and the subject matter area. The design experiment included the subject areas of biology, history and geography focusing on the evolution of animals, the origin of man and the historical change of societies.