bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Astrophysical S-factor for the2H(ρ,γ)3He reaction at big-bang nucleosynthesis energies
Authors: Tišma Isabela , Lipoglavšek Matej , Mihoviloviĉ Miha , Markelj Sabina , Vencelj Matjaž , Vesić Jelena
Published: January 2020

We report on our latest experimental study of the2H(ρ,γ)3He reaction in the energy range of interest for big-bang nucleosynthesis. The differential cross section at 135° and γ)-ray angular distributions were measured and compared with the results deduced from the latestab-initiocalculation. The astrophysical S-factor for the2H(ρ,γ)3He reaction was obtained in the center-of-mass energy rangeE =97-210 keV, and it is found to be in reasonable agreement with that predicted by theab-initiocalculation.
Roboterassistierte Proktokolektomie mit ileopouchanaler Anastomose bei Verdacht auf hereditäre Polyposis
Authors: Rolinger Jens , Jansen Kai , von Keller Johannes , Axt Steffen , Falch Claudius , Kirschniak Andreas , Wilhelm Peter
Published: January 2020

Zielsetzung In der Literatur werden verschiedene Formen der hereditären Polyposis beschrieben. Die klassische familiäre adenomatöse Polyposis (FAP) ist eine seltene, autosomal-dominant vererbte Erkrankung, die durch eine Keimbahnmutation im Adenomatous-Polyposis-coli-Gen (APC) verursacht wird und sich klinisch durch einen ausgedehnten Befall des Kolons mit multiplen Polypen charakterisiert. Unbehandelt führt die Erkrankung beinahe unweigerlich zur malignen Entartung.

Indikation Wir präsentieren den Fall eines 37-jährigen Patienten mit histologisch gesichertem, stenosierendem Adenokarzinom des Colon descendens sowie initialem Verdacht auf eine hereditäre Polyposis bei multiplen Polypen im Colon descendens und sigmoideum.

Methoden Das Video erläutert die präoperativen bildgebenden sowie endoskopischen Befunde und zeigt die Technik der zweizeitigen, roboterassistierten Proktokolektomie mit ileopouchanaler Anastomose (IPAA) und Anlage eines protektiven Loop-Ileostomas.

Schlussfolgerung Hinsichtlich der chirurgischen Therapie der klassischen FAP kann die restaurative Proktokolektomie (RPC) mit Anlage eines Ileum-J-Pouches – trotz Kontroversen hinsichtlich verschiedener technischer Aspekte – als etabliertes Standardverfahren angesehen werden. Dabei sind die minimalinvasiven Strategien gegenüber den konventionellen Techniken als zumindest gleichwertig zu betrachten.
Use of the Retrograde Recipient Vein for Additional Outflow in Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Uemura Tetsuji , Kikuchi Mamoru , Watanabe Hidetaka , Yanai Tetsu
Published: January 2020

Background The selection of appropriate recipient vessels is essential to the successful outcome of free flap transfer. To improve blood perfusion after reconstruction and reduce the risk of postoperative obstruction of flap vessels, multiple vessels should be chosen as candidate recipients.

Methods For certainty of venous drainage, we have been performing venous anastomosis to the distal end of the recipient vein to utilize the reverse venous flow.

Results A total of 48 cases of reconstruction of the head and neck or breast region with free flaps using retrograde venous anastomosis were performed. The method possibly improves flap circulation and the success rate of the free tissue transfer and reduces the need to extend surgery to search for multiple recipient veins.

Conclusion We emphasized that retrograde limb of vein is useful as a second and/or rescued recipient in free tissue transfer. Retrograde venous anastomosis is a fine and reasonable option when appropriate recipient vessels cannot be found near the defect in the head and neck such as frozen neck or breast region.
Mucormycosis
Authors: Reid Gail , Lynch Joseph P. , Fishbein Michael C. , Clark Nina M.
Published: January 2020

Mucormycosis is an infection caused by a group of filamentous molds within the order Mucorales. Infections may result from ingestion of contaminated food, inhalation of spores into the nares or lungs, or inoculation into disrupted skin or wounds. In developed countries, mucormycosis occurs primarily in severely immunocompromised hosts (e.g., those with hematological malignancies, organ transplantation, neutropenia, autoimmune disorders, or other impairments in immunity). Only 6 to 10% of cases occur in subjects with no underlying disease. In contrast, in developing countries, most cases of mucormycosis occur in persons with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus or in immunocompetent subjects following trauma. Mucormycosis exhibits a marked propensity to invade blood vessels, leading to thrombosis, necrosis, and infarction of tissue. Mortality associated with invasive mucormycosis is high (> 30–50%), with 90% mortality associated with disseminated disease. Mortality rates are much lower, though still significant (10–30%), among patients with localized cutaneous disease.

The diagnosis of mucormycosis relies upon histopathology and culture. Blood tests are of limited diagnostic value. Even with disseminated disease, blood cultures are usually negative. Mucorales have a distinct histological appearance, with irregular, nonseptate hyphae that branch at right angles. Cultures and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are important to identify the genera.

Based on anatomic localization, mucormycosis can be classified as one of six forms: (1) rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM), (2) pulmonary, (3) cutaneous, (4) gastrointestinal (GI), (5) disseminated, and (6) mucormycosis of uncommon sites. Among diabetics, ROCM is the most common clinical presentation, whereas lung involvement is uncommon. In contrast, among organ transplant recipients or patients with hematological malignancies (HemeM), pulmonary and disseminated diseases are most common. Mucormycosis can progress rapidly, and delay in initiation of treatment by even a few days markedly worsens outcomes.

Due to the rarity of mucormycosis, randomized controlled therapeutic trials have not been performed. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B (LFAB) are the mainstay of therapy, but the newer triazoles, posaconazole (POSA) and isavuconazole (ISAV) (the active component of the prodrug isavuconazonium sulfate), may be effective in patients refractory to or intolerant of LFAB. Early surgical debridement or excision plays an important adjunctive role. Additional studies are required to assess the optimal duration of therapy as well as the specific roles of LFAB and the triazoles in the treatment of mucormycosis.
Brain Edema: Newer Concept of Treatment
Authors: Mohanty Sureswar , Swain Srikant Kumar , Biswal Chinmay
Published: January 2020

Brain edema is excess accumulation of water in intracellular or extracellular spaces of the brain. It may be due to traumatic brain injury, neoplasm, infection, or following surgery. Advent of electron microscope and molecular pathophysiology of fluid transport through blood–brain barrier has elucidated the mechanism of edema formation, that is, ion channels and transport of fluid into extracellular space. Currently approved treatments, such as decompressive craniectomy and osmotherapy, controlled hyperventilation, and administration of diuretics, were developed prior to any knowledge of modern cerebral edema pathophysiology. These therapies attempt to manage downstream end-stage events without directly attenuating the underlying molecular mechanisms of cerebral edema. Next few years will yield new knowledge of how particular proteins drive edema influx, paving the way for rationally designed therapeutics that directly target key steps in cerebral edema formation, thereby achieving what currently approved therapies do not. Pharmacological agents which can block edema formation are being tried experimentally and clinically. Development in imaging, that is, computed tomography and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging, has helped in antemortem assessment of evolution and resolution of brain edema as a dynamic pathophysiology. Animal studies shows release of vasoactive substances, that is, histamine, serotonin, adrenaline, nitric oxide, substance P, prostaglandins, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cytokines, in the injured brain results in activation of inflammatory cascade, which is the important cause of brain edema.
Micro–nanoparticles magnetic trap: Toward high sensitivity and rapid microfluidic continuous flow enzyme immunoassay
Authors: Guevara-Pantoja Pablo E. , Sánchez-Domínguez Margarita , Caballero-Robledo Gabriel A.
Published: January 2020

In this work, we developed a microfluidic system for immunoassays where we combined the use of magnetic nanoparticles as immunosupport, a microfluidic magnetic trap, and a fluorogenic substrate in continuous flow for detection which, together with the optimization of the functionalization of surfaces to minimize nonspecific interactions, resulted in a detection limit in the order of femtomolar and a total assay time of 40 min for antibiotin antibody detection. A magnetic trap made of carbonyl-iron microparticles packaged inside a 200 μm square microchannel was used to immobilize and concentrate nanoparticles. We functionalized the surface of the iron microparticles with a silica-polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell to avoid corrosion and unspecific protein binding. A new one-step method was developed to coat acrylic microchannels with an organofunctional silane functionalized with PEG to minimize unspecific binding. A model immunoassay was performed using nanoparticles decorated with biotin to capture antibiotin rabbit Immunoglobulin G (IgG) as target primary antibody. The detection was made using antirabbit IgG labeled with the enzyme alkaline phosphatase as a secondary antibody, and we measured fluorescence with a fluorescence microscope. All steps of the immunoassay were performed inside the chip. A calibration curve was obtained in which a detection limit of 8 pg/ml of antibiotin antibody was quantified. The simplicity of the device and the fact that it is made of acrylic, which is compatible with mass production, make it ideal for Point-Of-Care applications.
Thermal counterflow and electrical activity of superfluid systems in a magnetic field
Authors: Shevchenko S. I. , Konstantinov A. M.
Published: January 2020

The thermal counterflow in superfluid helium placed in a magnetic field is shown to lead to the emergence of an electric field in the surrounding space. This effect is caused by the counterflow nature of thermal conductivity in superfluid systems: heat transfer in such systems is associated with the motion of the normal component, while the average mass flow transported by the normal component is compensated by the mass flow carried by the superfluid component. The local mass flow is nonzero. The effect occurs in case of stationary and non-stationary (second-sound) heat flows. The features of the effect for a number of samples with various geometries are considered. It was established that the magnitude of the arising electric field substantially depends on the shape of the sample containing helium and the direction of the magnetic field.
The ameliorative effects of low-grade palygorskite on acidic soil
Authors: Yuan Jin-Hua , E Sheng-Zhe , Che Zong-Xian
Published: January 2020

Mineral composition and alkaline properties of palygorskite (Pal), and its ameliorative effects on chemical properties of acid soil were investigated. Dolomite was the main form of alkali in Pal and the acid neutralisation capacity of Pal was 215 cmol kg–1. Incubation experiments indicated that Pal incorporation increased soil pH, cation exchange capacity, base saturation and exchangeable K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents, and decreased the levels of exchangeable H+, Al3+ and acidity, over a 1-year period. The ameliorative mechanisms were the dissolution of major alkaline matter in Pal (i.e. dolomite), and the exchange between released Ca2+ and Mg2+ with H+ in acidic soil. Hence, Pal can be used as a moderate acidic soil amendment.
Conserving Australia’s threatened native mammals in predator-invaded, fire-prone landscapes
Authors: Hradsky Bronwyn A.
Published: January 2020

Abstract Inappropriate fire regimes and predation by introduced species each pose a major threat to Australia’s native mammals. They also potentially interact, an issue that is likely to be contributing to the ongoing collapse of native mammal communities across Australia. In the present review, I first describe the mechanisms through which fire could create predation pinch points, exacerbating the impacts of predators, including red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, and feral cats, Felis catus, on their native mammalian prey. These mechanisms include a localised increase in predator activity (a numerically mediated pathway) and higher predator hunting success after fire (a functionally moderated pathway), which could both increase native mammal mortality and limit population recovery in fire-affected landscapes. Evidence for such interactions is growing, although largely based on unreplicated experiments. Improving native mammal resilience to fire in predator-invaded landscapes requires addressing two key questions: how can the impacts of introduced predators on native mammals in fire-affected areas be reduced; and, does a reduction in predation by introduced species result in higher native mammal survival and population recovery after fire? I then examine potential management options for reducing predator impacts post-fire. The most feasible are landscape-scale predator control and the manipulation of fire regimes to create patchy fire scars. However, robust field experiments with adequate statistical power are required to assess the effectiveness of these approaches and preclude null (e.g. compensatory mortality) or adverse (e.g. mesopredator or competitor release) outcomes. Ongoing predator management and prescribed burning programs provide an opportunity to learn through replicated natural experiments as well as experimental manipulations. Standardised reporting protocols and cross-jurisdiction monitoring programs would help achieve necessary spatial and environmental replication, while multi-trophic, spatially explicit simulation models could help synthesise findings from disparate study designs, predict management outcomes and generate new hypotheses. Such approaches will be key to improving management of the complex mechanisms that drive threatened native mammal populations in Australia’s predator-invaded, fire-prone landscapes.
Lexical stress variation and rhythmic alternation in Russian
Authors: Kukhto Anton , Piperski Alexander
Published: January 2020

Our paper investigates lexical stress placement variation in Modern Standard Russian past tense verbal forms. This
kind of variation has arisen due to complex interactions of various processes in the development of Russian and its present-day
state is said (often rather impressionistically) to be conditioned by intra-speaker sociolinguistic factors. However, cases of inter-speaker variation can also be observed. We put forward a proposal that stress placement in forms with
variable stress is influenced by the rhythmic pattern of immediate linear context. To support this, we report on a pilot
experiment that shows a preference towards alternating rhythm in a sequence consisting of a past tense verbal form of a
transitive verb and its direct object, thus conforming to the fundamental principle of rhythmic alternation. The results also
raise some questions about the phonology of stress and stress variation in Russian and beyond.
Soil fauna diversity at different stages of reed restoration in a lakeshore wetland at Lake Taihu, China
Authors: Li Wei , Dou Zhiguo , Cui Lijuan , Zhao Xinsheng , Zhang Manyin , Zhang Yan , Gao Changjun , Yang Zheng , Lei Yinru , Pan Xu
Published: January 2020

Introduction
: Wetland soil fauna support material cycling and restoration processes in wetland ecosystems. In our study, we observed variations in wetland soil fauna on the shores of Lake Taihu, China. We examined the relationships between fauna and major environmental factors, and looked at the short-and long-term changes in reed wetlands under restoration and in the natural reed lakeshore.

Outcomes
: We identified 93 groups of soil fauna in different wetlands and found significant differences in the lakeshore wetlands’ soil fauna assemblages, depending on the length of the restoration period. By analyzing the soil fauna community evenness, dominance, number of taxa, and diversity, we found minimal seasonal variation in the soil fauna community diversity and abundance. The abundance of soil fauna in the sites under restoration decreased with depth below the soil surface. The reed restoration was obvious in the succession of the soil fauna groups in the long-term site. Although the restoration had an overall positive long-term effect on the soil fauna communities, there were no obvious short-term changes in the number of individuals.

Conclusion
: The study explored various potential measures to restore soil fauna in the Lake Taihu wetland and developed a theoretical basis for restoring the lakeshore wetland ecosystem.
Strategic Opinion Language on the US Courts of Appeals
Authors: Boston Joshua
Published: January 2020

What strategies do judges employ when they anticipate review? Constrained judges behave strategically by using particular instruments—like language complexity—when authoring opinions. Prior studies suggest that judges use complexity in anticipation of legislative hostility. Similarly, the threat of review and reversal may spur opinion complexity. This study examines variations in circuit court opinions resulting from precedent treatment and Supreme Court preferences. When a circuit negatively treats a Supreme Court precedent that the justices prefer or a circuit positively treats a precedent that the justices dislike, opinion complexity should increase. These hypotheses find support, suggesting that circuits strategically insulate using opinion complexity.
Numerical Solutions of Volterra Integral Equations of the Second Kind using Lagrange interpolation via the Vandermonde matrix
Authors: Shoukralla E S , Ahmed B M
Published: January 2020

A new method is established for solving Volterra integral equations of the second kind using Lagrange interpolation through the Vandermonde approach. The goal is to minimize the interpolation errors of the high-degree polynomials on equidistance interpolations by redefining the original Lagrange functions in terms of the monomial basis. Accordingly, the complexity of the calculations is significantly reduced, and time is saved. To achieve this, the given data and the unknown functions are interpolated using Lagrange polynomials of the same degree via the Vandermonde matrix. Moreover, the interpolant unknown function is substituted twice into both sides of the integral equation so that the solution is reduced to an equivalent matrix equation without any need to apply collocation points. The error norm estimation is proved to be equal to zero. It was found that the obtained Vandermonde numerical solutions were equal to the exact ones, the calculation time was remarkably reduced, the round-off error was significantly reduced and the problematics due to the high-degree interpolating polynomial was completely faded regardless of whether the given functions were analytical or not. Thus, interpolation via the Vandermonde matrix ensures the accuracy, efficiency and authenticity of the presented method.
Design and Fabrication of Multi-band Wearable Fractal Antenna for Telehealth Applications
Authors: Ahmed M I , Ahmed M F
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a Multi-band Wearable Fractal Antenna is fabricated for Telehealth Applications. The projected antenna substrate is made from a flexible Jeans textile material. The dielectric properties of this textile can be measured by two different methods. Also, a folded copper tape is used to fabricate the projected wearable antenna. Further, the projected antenna under the bent conditions is studied in details. The specific absorption ratio (SAR) is also studied in this paper. The projected antenna is simulated by CST simulator version 2018 and measured by Agilent8719ES VNA. Finally, there is a large convergence between the measured and the simulation results.
Eye Diseases Monitoring Using Statistical Analysis of Disc Topography and RNFL Circular Tomogram Parameters
Authors: Makram Mohamed Safaa , Ali Wahba Ashraf , Ali Ahmed Eldosoky Mohamed
Published: January 2020

In this paper, Statistics method for data taken from ophthalmology institute of Cairo, Egypt used to pinpoint the absolute measurement precision of high resolution technique of Topcon three dimensional optical coherence topography FA plus (Topcon 3D OCT FA plus) parameters by expressing them as limit of agreement percentage ( LA95%) then, suggest a method for mathematically evaluating the ability of parameter to monitor ailment progression expressed as Discriminate Capacity Index (DCI) then, select parameters suitable for both conversion to glaucoma and modify to outright glaucoma . The used Parameters were area of disc, cup, rim and cup to disc ratio, linear and veridical cup to disc ratio, volume of cup, rim volume, horizontal and vertical diameter, total thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), average superior thickness of RNFL and average inferior thickness of RNFL parameters have been arranged with a DCI ≥ 0.4 for glaucoma detection and with a DCI≥ 2.3 for continue of glaucoma. The most adequate parameters for both detection and follow-up of glaucoma are Inferior thickness of RNFL (DCI=4.1976), total thickness of RNFL (DCI=16.56) and vertical cup- to- disc ratio (CDR) (DCI=22.1875).
Arrhythmia Disease Classification and Mobile Based System Design
Authors: Samir AbdElMoneem Soha , Hanafy Said Hany , Anwar Saad Amani
Published: January 2020

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a measure of variation in the time interval between consecutive heart beats.HRV analysis is highly sensitive for risks linked with cardiovascular diseases which are main causes of death in Egypt and all over the Middle East. Early detection of cardiac arrhythmia diseases achieves effective treatment by making it easy to choose appropriate anti-arrhythmic drugs, also very important for improving arrhythmia therapy and preventing number of death in individuals. In this paper, an efficient cardiac arrhythmia detection algorithm is introduced. Different classifiers are deployed and examined on ECG signals. Various oversampling techniques are investigated to handle imbalanced dataset. The ensemble classifier; support vector machine and Random forest with random sampling show accuracy of 98.18 % in 0.145 sec which is the best accuracy among all other classifiers. In addition, this paper also proposes a mobile based system architecture integrated with the algorithm for diagnosis and classification of cardiac arrhythmia diseases. The proposed system can be easily used by patients to check their heart health remotely and easily.
Improved Position Estimation of Real Time Integrated Low-Cost Navigation System Using Unscented Kalman Filter
Authors: Eldesoky Abdalla , Hamed Ahmed , Kamel Ahmed M.
Published: January 2020

Low cost Micro Electrical Mechanical Systems (MEMS) inertial sensors have nominated their use in domains such as navigation systems but these sensors are noisy and characterized by their measurements drift and large errors. In this work, an integrated navigation system is implemented and its performance is evaluated through experimental work in both post processing and real time domains. The real time processing is built on multi-platform 32-bit ARM core ATMEL microcontroller while at the same time raw sensors measurements are saved for post processing under MATLAB. North and East position errors measurements were used in this work to evaluate position improvement calculated using MEMS inertial sensors integrated with position and velocity from Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver readings at slow rates. For such evaluation, the calibrated measurements from gyroscopes and accelerometers are fed to a mechanization process to build an inertial navigation system (INS). The INS drifting navigation solution is fused with a GPS measurement through Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). UKF does not require linearization of the system model such as the status of the commonly used Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The results of the experimental work show that the implemented low cost integrated navigation system based on UKF can achieve a level of accuracy superior than other (EKF) based expensive systems.
A Novel Dual-Band 28/38 GHz AFSL MIMO Antenna for 5G Smartphone Applications
Authors: Marzouk H M , Ahmed M I , Shaalan A A
Published: January 2020

This manuscript introduces the design and analysis of dual-band air-filled-slotted- loop MIMO antenna which operates at 28 and 38 GHz frequencies for coming fifth-generation 5G for mobile communications. The antenna designed using low-cost FR-4 substrate material that achieving good performance of means of gain and efficiency. The dual-band operation acquired by presenting an air-filled-slotted loop AFSL structures in the radiators. The antenna model contains radiating patch at the upper edge with three AFSLs for 28 GHz and radiating patch at the lower edge with three AFSLs for 38 GHz. The attained results demonstrate that the reflection coefficients for the upper and lower antennas below -10 dB in the frequency bands (27.7 - 28.7) GHz and (37.3 - 38.6) GHz with impedance bandwidths 3.5% for 28 GHz and 7% for 38 GHz which has the quality of covering the 5G band. The introduced antenna is designed and simulated by industry-standard CST 2017 MWS and HFSS programs with substrate size of 55 x 110 mm2with h = 1.6 mm and εr=4.3.
Enhancing the quantum cost of Reed-Muller Based Boolean quantum circuits using genetic algorithms
Authors: Shaban M , Younes A , Elsayed A
Published: January 2020

There is a direct equivalence between Boolean functions represented in Reed-Muller logic and Boolean Quantum Circuits. Different polarity Reed-Muller expansions will give different Boolean quantum circuits with different cost for the same Boolean function. For a given Boolean function with n variables there are 2n possible expansions. Searching for the expansion that gives a Boolean quantum circuit with minimum quantum cost within the search space is a hard problem for large n. This paper will use genetic algorithms to find the fixed/mixed polarity Reed-Muller expansion that gives a Boolean quantum circuit with minimum quantum cost to optimize the circuit realization of a given Boolean function.
High gain steerable antenna with different substrate materials for satellite applications
Authors: Wady M. , Swelam W. , Adel Azeem Mohamed H.
Published: January 2020

In our analysis in this paper we have improved the design of microstrip antenna array to be used in the non-geostationary satellite systems with electronically steerable beam which can trace the desired earth station on Earth without any need to change the angle of the cube satellite in space so we can save the batteries on the satellite board with low cost, easy to fabricate antenna, The array antenna consists of multiple patches and multi feeders with different phases to control the steerable beam electronically, The antenna array operates in Ka frequency bandwidth and consists of 6*6 elements with gain reaches 18.8dBi, each element in the array has the dimensions of ( 4.6mm * 2.6mm ) with rounded edges and the total size of the antenna array is (5.43 cm * 3.33 cm), there are narrow strip fences applied between elements to reduce the effect of mutual coupling and in accordance reduce the sidelobe level of the antenna array.
Smart Packing Simulator for 3D Packing Problem Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Khairuddin U. , Razi N. A. Z. M. , Abidin M. S. Z. , Yusof R.
Published: January 2020

Every year, at least 100 million tons of solid waste globally comes from packaging waste, in which partly created by inefficient packaging. Multiple box arrangement or bin packing solution directly addresses this problem which also affects storing space in production, manufacturing and logistics sector. Smart packing algorithm is designed for solving three-dimensional bin/container packing problem (3DBPP) which has numerous practical applications in various fields including container ship loading, pallet loading, plane cargo, warehouse management and parcel packing. This project investigates the implementation of genetic algorithm (GA) for a smart packing simulator in solving the 3DBPP applications. The smart packing system has an adaptable chromosome length GA for more robust implementation, where chromosome length will be changing with number of boxes. It can optimize multiple box arrangements and the boxes movements and positions are simulated through each GA generations, for realistic adaptation. The system is able to make optimum arrangement for the boxes so they can fit into a smallest container possible. The time taken for GA to converge varies with number of boxes.
Characteristics of Electromagnetic Scattering from Vegetation Models using Random Wire Structures with Applications to Land Imaging SAR Systems
Authors: Soliman S A M , Hussein K F A , Ammar A A
Published: January 2020

Clouds of both random curly wires and randomly-oriented straight wires with good conductivity are used to construct random volume models to simulate structures found in vegetation areas on the ground surface like naturally cultivated plants involving grass, trees, primary crops and chaff clouds. A variety of such random volumes are then subjected to incident electromagnetic plane wave of specific polarization to study the properties of electromagnetic scattering from such natural objects existing on the earth surface. It is shown that the frequency dependence of the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of such random structures has maxima around the frequencies corresponding to the natural modes of the wire structures constituting the volumetric model. On the other hand, the frequency behaviour of the RCS of these random clouds exhibits sharp peaks or anti-peaks over very narrow intervals of the frequency due to the generation of internal resonant modes between the finite-length pairs of wires constituting the random clouds. It is shown that such maxima, sharp peaks and anti-peaks of frequency behaviour of the backscattered field are very important to extract useful information for construction of microwave images and, also, for the classification of the vegetation areas that appear in earth remote sensing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images taken for the ground surface. The polarization properties of the fully polarimetric backscattering coefficients collected by a land imaging SAR system are studied through electromagnetic simulation.
Broadband Printed-Dipole Antenna for 4G/5G Smartphones
Authors: Khalifa M. , Khashan L. , Badawy H. , Ibrahim Fawzy
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, mobile communication systems are required to provide larger bandwidth and higher data rates to accommodate the increasing number of subscribers, and the vast amount of data handling. The fifth generation (5G) requires higher frequency bands as the sub-six and the millimeter bands. New designs for antennas are expected to fulfil these requirements in addition to covering the current mobile systems. Thus, there is an increasing demand to design antennas that cover both 4G and 5G bands for mobile communication systems. In this paper, a novel design based on monopole antenna of various shapes and dimensions is introduced. The single-element antenna yields an |S11| better than −6-dB over the operating frequency bands of (1.24 GHz- 2.64 GHz) and (3.34GHz- 5 GHz) with gain and efficiency of 5 dBi and 80% respectively. So, the proposed antenna covers 23 bands of the total (32) 5G NR bands in addition to 30 LTE bands.
Simplified Hybrid Secure Algorithm for Mobile Banking Application
Authors: Ismail Abdelfattah Roayat , Awad Sherif , Nasr Mohamed E
Published: January 2020

M-banking is one of the main divisions of m-commerce. It provides daily banking operations to the customer using his mobile with the supported application. But the current applications are facing security challenges due to the limitations of mobile resources. There are two major schemes. First, the public key infrastructure (PKI) but, suffers the scalability and certificate management problems. Second, the identity-based public key cryptography (IBPKC) but has key escrow problem. In this paper a modified algorithm to solve these problems by combining elliptic curve Signcryption with certificateless cryptography and enhance the security with lower computational time. From the results, the proposed algorithm has superior performance compared with earlier schemes. Also, it supports multiple types of messages (such as document and multimedia).
Enhancing the Design of Arthroscopic Shaver to Reduce Stresses Experienced
Authors: Hafez Nader , El-Anwar MI , Atia Mostafa R. A.
Published: January 2020

In light of the scarcity of design data for arthroscopic surgery equipment due to manufacturers’ non-disclosure of research and patents, the aim of the presented work is to study the mechanical stresses experienced by the arthroscopic shaver during soft tissue resection, thus reaching a new design that enhances performance and tool life. The finite element analysis method was used to determine the effect of changing either the tooth angle or rotational speed on stresses experienced by the shaver by creating a model on ANSYS Explicit Dynamics Module. Results were analysed to find that a tooth angle in the range of 55° to 62° would achieve less stresses on the blades, as well as verifying that cutting at 1500 rpm is the most suitable speed for a longer tool life. This research is a part of a project implemented by the NRC and is planned to be verified by experimental work.
To what extent can cirrus cloud seeding counteract global warming?
Authors: Gasparini Blaž , McGraw Zachary , Storelvmo Trude , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: January 2020

The idea of modifying cirrus clouds to directly counteract greenhouse gas warming has gained momentum in recent years, despite disputes over its physical feasibility. Previous studies that analyzed modifications of cirrus clouds by seeding of ice nucleating particles showed large uncertainties in both cloud and surface climate responses, ranging from no effect or even a small warming to a globally averaged cooling of about 2.5 °C. We use two general circulation models that showed very different responses in previous studies, ECHAM6-HAM and CESM-CAM5, to determine which radiative and climatic responses to cirrus cloud seeding in a 1.5 × CO2 world are common and which are not. Seeding reduces the net cirrus radiative effect for −1.8 W m−2 in CESM compared with only −0.8 W m−2 in ECHAM. Accordingly, the surface temperature decrease is larger in CESM, counteracting about 70% of the global mean temperature increase due to CO2 and only 30% in ECHAM. While seeding impacts on mean precipitation were addressed in past studies, we are the first to analyze extreme precipitation responses to cirrus seeding. Seeding decreases the frequency of the most extreme precipitation globally. However, the extreme precipitation events occur more frequently in the Sahel and Central America, following the mean precipitation increase due to a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. In addition, we use a quadratic climate damage metric to evaluate the amount of CO2-induced damage cirrus seeding can counteract. Seeding decreases the damage by about 50% in ECHAM, and by 85% in CESM over the 21 selected land regions. Climate damage due to CO2 increase is significantly reduced as a result of seeding in all of the considered land regions.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Superfine Cu2O Sphere with Smooth Surface on Degradation of Methyl Orang
Authors: Wu Yurong , Xu Longshan , Hu Yanling , Jiang Yanying
Published: January 2020

Superfine cuprous oxide (Cu2O) spheres with smooth surface have been successfully synthesized by using gelatin as template. The possible mechanism for the formation of superfine Cu2O sphere is revealed. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) indicated that the as-obtained powder was cubic structure, pure, uniform, monodispersed Cu2O spherical polycrystalline with smooth surface. What’s more, the photocatalytic activity of the superfine Cu2O spherical polycrystalline is investigated under visible light irradiation. It is worth noting that the superfine Cu2O microspheres have a highly selective adsorption for anionic dyes, such as methyl orange, and the mechanisms of absorption were mainly attributed to electrostatic adsorption.
Comparison between GaN and SiC for power switching transistor application
Authors: Yu Haoxiang
Published: January 2020

Semiconductor has been widely used in industry ever since its invention and has experienced three generations. However, there are still many problems existing in the third generation semiconductors industry such as making process and cost. This paper mainly discusses the differences between GaN and SiC in material properties and fabrication process. Material properties include band-gap, critical field strength, carrier mobility, and thermal conductivity. For fabrication process, GaN is normally used homoepitaxy approach and SiC is used heteroepitaxy approach. The details in these two approaches are given in the paper.
Comparison Between Competing Requirements of GaN and SiC Family of Power Switching Devices
Authors: Zhang Yuanhang
Published: January 2020

GaN and SiC have been widely investigated for future power switching systems with high efficiencies. So far, prototypes of working transistors using these wide bandgap materials have demonstrated the superior performances suggesting the great potential. This article compares two materials over three main requirements in the power switching realm: the blocking voltage, the conduction loss (power efficiency) and the cost. Based on the comparison, a conclusion is drawn that GaN and SiC will be coexistent for each of them has own advantages and neither of them can replace the other.
Analysis of Current Situation and Trend of Modern Coal Chemical Technology
Authors: Jing Du , Xujie Xu
Published: January 2020

The rapid development of modern coal chemical enterprises and progress in the technical research and application demonstrate the great potential of the industry. For example, they have been strong performers in manufacturing substitute natural gas, coal-to-liquids and coal-based chemicals, boosting demands for its products. The scale of medium and large enterprises indicates a satisfied overall situation with promising future. The paper discussed the technical development of the modern coal chemical industry in general and the future of the industry.
Recent research on ohmic contacts on GaN-based materials
Authors: Liu Yuan
Published: January 2020

The most important components in most of the electronic products today, such as computers, mobile phones or digital recorders, are closely related to semiconductor. Semiconductors have a long history. Currently, there are some obstacles in the way of the further development of this material. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the ohmic contacts between metals and semiconductor with the help of recent research. In the end, a general conclusion is drawn on the electrical behavior of metal contacts on GaN for further advances in this field of GaN-based devices and materials.
Comparison between The ultra-wide band gap semiconductor AlGaN and GaN
Authors: He Jiajie
Published: January 2020

The emergence of the ultra-wide band gap semiconductor, whose band gaps considerably wider than 3.4 eV (GaN), opens a new era in many fields because of their many superior property. The major material of the UWBG semiconductor is high Al-content AlGaN and the studies find these material have stunning strengths in ultra-high power and ratio-frequency electronics, deep-ultraviolet optoelectronics, quantum information and electronics for extreme-environment applications. In this article, by comparing GaN and ultra-wide band gap AlGaN, people can know the strengths of AlGaN, lacks of GaN and realize why AlGaN will replace GaN in some applications and why GaN will continually be used by people in some applications.
Ubiquitin binding domains – from structure to application
Authors: Yang Ruofan
Published: January 2020

Ubiquitin is one of the most important signal molecular in biological process and ubiquitination plays essential roles in many signal transduction pathways. In most cases, they function as a post transcription modification on target protein as a monomer or a chain, which could recruit other protein with ubiquitin binding domains (UBDs) to enable signal transduction. The UBDs are variant on structure and recognition site on ubiquitin. For the variant function the UBDs gives, UBDs are good tools pool for material design such as ubiquitin pathway inhibitor, ubiquitin enrichment material and manufactural specific ubiquitin chain antibody. In this review, we summarize some recent work on UBDs characterization and application.
Research on Ship Electronic Power System Fault Diagnosis Based on Expert System
Authors: Liang Chao , Wang Shudong , Chen Rui , Zhao Shuo , Wu Yongyong
Published: January 2020

Aiming at the difficulty in locating the fault point quickly and accurately after the ship electronic power system fault. In this paper, fault diagnosis expert system is used to diagnose the fault occurred to ensure stability of power supply of ship power system. The possible faults are divided into four categories on the base of analysis of ship electrical system fault characteristics. Frame structure is used to describe the connections between the various parts of the ship power system in knowledge presentation. Expert system uses production rules to describe the specific fault and combine the ideal of fuzzy inference to dealing with the uncertainty in fault diagnosis at the same time. The expert system designed in this paper can find fault points and provide solutions quickly and accurately and improves the reliability of the ship power system by test.
Research on compressed air energy storage technology based on photovoltaic power generation system
Authors: Wu Yongyong , Wang Shudong , Chen Rui , Zhao Shuo , Liang Chao
Published: January 2020

At the present time of rapid development of social economy, the upsurge of “energy revolution” has come. Clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system is undoubtedly the current research hotspot. Micro-grid with photovoltaic power supply has become an important way for renewable energy utilization. However, there are still some problems in the operation of micro-grid with photovoltaic power supply in terms of power supply reliability and power quality. By adopting energy storage control technology to control the operation of the micro-grid with photovoltaic power supply, the reliability of the micro-grid operation can be effectively improved, so that the renewable energy utilization form can be effectively applied.
Design of Resonant Wireless Charging Device for Public Electric Bicycle
Authors: Zhao Shuo , Wang Shudong , RuiChen  , Liang Chao , Wu Yongyong
Published: January 2020

As a starting point for the difficulty of charging public electric bicycles, this paper proposed a convenient and efficient charging device design concept, namely the design of resonant wireless charging device applied to public electric bicycles. Firstly, the main wireless charging technology on the market is introduced. Secondly, the design of the resonant wireless charging device is analysed including the charging principle, main circuit design and its advantages. The device supply power in centimeters or meters, even if there are obstacles in the charging range, energy can be efficiently transmitted, and it can be applied to the public electric bicycle parking hall, which can effectively solve the problem of difficult charging.
Study of the influence of heat treatment process on the mechanical performance of wedge shaped components
Authors: Shi Guangfeng , Huang Change , Liao Weiqi , Li Jiangchun , Minxiong Xie
Published: January 2020

Mine Splitter is widely used in mining machinery, and wedge assembly components are very important parts of it. In this work, we studied wedge assembly’s element content by EDS, and through different heat treatments to improve the performance of wedge assembly components of Mine splitter. The heat treatment process of wedge assembly components is divided into quenching, quenching and tempering to find the changes on microstructure and mechanical properties. It is found that after quenching at 840°C and tempering at 450°C, the structure is tempered Sorbite with the highest strength and wear resistance and the best comprehensive mechanical properties.
Study on the migration of bisphenols from plastic food contact materials to food simulants
Authors: Qiu Yue , Ruan Yan , Zhang Lu , Li Genrong , Tan Chaolan , Xia Zhining
Published: January 2020

A rapid method for the detection of bisphenols was established by ultra performance convergence chromatography (UPC2). The migration rules of bisphenols in four different simulants including of pure water, acetic acid, ethanol and isooctane were first studied, and the effect of extraction solvent on recovery of bisphenols in aqueous simulants was also investigated. Furthermore, the influence of extraction solvent on recovery of bisphenols in aqueous simulants was discussed, and the relationship between migration amount of bisphenols and food simulants, migration time, migration temperature and other factors were explored. The experimental results showed that toluene exhibited the optimal extraction efficiency for bisphenols in aqueous simulants; bisphenols presented the most obvious migration in fatty food simulants; the migration amount of bisphenols increased with the extension of time; the migration rate and amount of bisphenols also enhanced with the increment of contact temperature.
Thermodynamics of CuO/AC Adsorbent Deactivating on PH3-containing off gas
Authors: Jiang Ming , Jiang Qi , Li Tianguo , Li Bo , Zhan Fangdong , He Yongmei
Published: January 2020

The thermodynamics of activated carbon modified with CuO (CuO/AC) adsorbent deactivation by PH3 was simulated using an HSC thermodynamics database. Chemical reactions were analyzed at adsorption temperatures ranging from 0 to 100°C, and the Gibbs free energy values of all reactions were compared. The results showed that impurities (O2, H2, CO) in off-gas can deactivate CuO in the adsorbent. O2 was primarily responsible for CuO deactivation, and the thermodynamic competitiveness of the reaction involving O2 was the strongest. The most easily generated deactivation products were Cu(OH)2 and P4O10. The adsorption temperature did not obviously affect the deactivation of CuO/AC.
Effect of Trees Knot Defects on Wood Quality: A Review
Authors: Qu Hongyue , Chen Ming , Hu Yuan , Lyu Jianhua
Published: January 2020

This paper reviews the research progress of effect of trees knot defects on wood quality, including the research strategy, technology, model, and research directions. Firstly, the effect of the knot on the appearance, mechanical properties, mechanical processing properties, chemical composition and bonding properties of wood were summarized. Secondly, the relationship between the influence of the knot on the quality of the wood and the size, position, color, type, shape and distribution of the knot were analyzed. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of different non-destructive testing methods and different prediction models were analyzed and compared. The following conclusions on future research trends can be drawn from the literature review and analysis: 1) Improve the fitting degree of the prediction model of the influence of the knot on the wood quality; 2) Optimize the single detection method and multiple detection methods to combine organically, and the test results are combined with the artificial cultivation of trees to fundamentally reduce the impact of knots on wood quality; 3) Develop on-line technology to measure the effect of knots on wood quality, and make different wood products based on the test results to maximize the utilization of wood.