bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classifications Based on Dynamic Navicular Drop during Gait and Characteristics of Flat Foot Muscle Morphology
Authors: Fukuda Kengo , Okamura Kazunori , Ikeda Tomohiro , Egawa Kohei , Kanai Shuusaku
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) as a risk factor for medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), hypothesizing that overuse of extrinsic foot muscles to prevent MLA collapse can lead to disability. Twenty healthy adults (39 feet) with a foot posture index score below 6 and no recent lower extremity orthopedic history participated. Ultrasonog-raphy measured foot muscle cross-sectional areas, while three-dimensional motion analysis us-ing VICON assessed foot kinematics during gait, focusing on navicular height at initial contact (ICNH) and dynamic navicular drop (DND) during the stance phase. Hierarchical cluster analy-sis based on ICNH and DND compared muscle cross-sectional areas between clusters using ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test. The analysis indicated that ICNH was lower in clusters 1 and 3 than in cluster 2, and DND was smaller in clusters 1 and 2 than in cluster 3. Although there was no significant difference in muscle cross-sectional area between the clusters, the flexor hallucis longus tended to be thicker in cluster 1 than in cluster 3 (p = 0.051). The findings suggest that the flexor hallucis longus may help prevent MLA compression during loading, indicating that over-use of extrinsic foot muscles may contribute to MTSS development.
Accuracy of Lung Point-of-Care Ultrasound (Pocus) for Diagnosing Acute Respiratory Diseases in Pediatric Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Buzetti Neves Ana , Carreiro José Eduardo , Cabral Neves Luszczynzkia Valéria , Koliski Adriana
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Imaging exams are requested in intensive care units as a diagnostic, evaluation, and clinical monitoring method. While Chest Computed Tomography is the gold standard, Chest X-ray is the exam usually performed in routine care. Lung ultrasound has been gaining ground as it is a reliable exam performed at the bedside without exposure to radiation and at a low cost. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of bedside lung ultrasounds performed by pediatric intensivists as a diagnostic method. Methods: A prospective, diagnostic test-type study comparing bedside lung ultrasound performed by a pediatric intensivist with the evaluation of chest X-ray and lung ultrasound performed by a radiologist. Result: 48 patients on mechanical ventilation, aged from 1 month to 14 years, were analyzed, corresponding to 95 chest X-ray exams and 95 lung ultrasound exams. The Kappa agreement coefficients between the pediatric intensivist and the radiologist, both analyzing the lung ultrasound, were: normal report (1.0), atelectasis (1.0), pneumothorax (1.0), consolidation (0.97), pleural effusion (0.95), and pulmonary edema (0.90). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of lung ultrasound were, respectively, normal report (50%; 91.8%; 82.1%), consolidation (88.3%; 57.1%; 76.8%), atelectasis (11.1%; 90.7%; 83.2%), edema (0; 70.2%; 70.5%), pneumothorax (83.3%; 94.4%; 93.7%), and pleural effusion (71.4%; 73%; 72.6%). Conclusion: The pediatric intensivist was skilled in examining and diagnosing lung injuries. Lung ultrasound showed good sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy when the pediatric intensivist performed when diagnosing consolidation, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax. Furthermore, lung ultrasound demonstrated better accuracy in evaluating pulmonary edema when compared with chest X-ray.
A Customized 3D Printed Bolus for High‐Risk Breast Cancer with Skin Infiltration: A Pilot Study
Authors: Takanen Silvia , Ianiro Anna , Pinnaro Paola , Infusino Erminia , Marucci Laura , Soriani Antonella , Sanguineti Giuseppe , Iaccarino Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

Background: In high-risk breast cancer patients with skin infiltration the administration of a uniform dose to superficial tissues is fundamental in order to reduce local skin relapse. A personalized bolus may prevent the potential standard bolus’ inadequate dose distribution due to air gaps between the bolus and the skin. In this pilot study, we introduced in clinical practice the use of a personalized 3D printed bolus filled with ultrasound transmission gel. Methods: Seven patients undergoing radiotherapy after mastectomy were selected. 3D printed bolus dosimetric assessment was performed with MOSFET dosimeters on an anthropomorphic phantom and subsequently on three selected cases with increasing bolus shape irregularity. Acute/late toxicity and local control was assessed. Results: Overall, for the clinical cases the percentage median difference between measured and calculated doses was -2.7% (-7.0%÷4.9%). Median follow-up was 21 months. After two years, one patient showed G2 pain, one patient manifested G1 telangiectasia, one patient showed G1 hyperpigmentation, and two patients had no relevant toxicity. Conclusions: Personalized 3D-printed bolus filled with ultrasound gel may easily reproduce the standard bolus’ consistency providing an accurate coverage of the target area with tolerable acute/late toxicity grades. This is a pilot study and further investigations are needed.
Development of a System for Determining Technique Level of Vascular Anastomosis Using Hand Motion
Authors: Chen Xiaoshuai , Shoji Taro , Kowatari Ryosuke , Ebina Koki , Kobayashi Yoshifumi , Kato Moeki , Kabasawa Hinaha , Suzuki Taisei , Sase Kazuya , Tsujita Teppei , Komizunai Shunsuke , Oka Kazuhiko , Konno Atsushi
Published: August 2024

In off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB), the coronary arteries are joined as the heart beats. This procedure requires high skill and experience to be performed reliably and quickly. Although training kits are commonly used for technical training, the inability of trainees to always be with experienced surgeons for guidance and to receive immediate evaluation remains problematic. To address this problem, a system that allows a single trainee to observe and quantitatively evaluate the procedures performed by an experienced surgeon is being developed. In this study, to analyze the differences between the motions of experienced and novice surgeons, Leap Motion was used to measure the hand motion of the vascular anastomosis performed by both surgeons using a training kit. Using the measured data, the features of the vascular anastomosis surgical techniques performed by experienced and novices were tested using the Mann–Whitney U test. In addition, a binary classification was performed using machine learning with these features. The binary classification results show that trainees can be classified as experts or novices with high accuracy using the developed system.
Development of a Curling Stone Delivery Robot with High Delivery Reproducibility
Authors: Sone Tadaaki , Kawamura Takashi
Published: August 2024

Curling is a two-player, zero-sum, finite, complete-information, uncertain game in which stones are delivered to a point approximately 37 m (120 ft). Despite its popularity, the dynamics of curling stones are unclear, and significant variations exist in the conditions of curling stones and curling sheets. It is essential to have a highly reproducible delivery apparatus that can perform tests in various environments to clarify stone dynamics and evaluate curling stones and sheets more accurately. In this study, we developed a delivery robot capable of delivering stones as quickly and accurately as, if not better than, a human using a large-diameter pneumatic cylinder. The delivery robot could deliver stones with high repeatability at 2.0 to 4.0 m/s by controlling the velocity of the pneumatic cylinder using multiple solenoid valves. In addition, we verified the accuracy of the robot’s velocity meter using motion capture to ensure that the throwing velocity measured by the delivery robot was sufficiently accurate. Finally, we conducted repeated delivery experiments using the delivery robot and demonstrated that the robot could deliver stones with high repeatability.
Landscape of the Lumbar Cartilaginous End Plate Microbiota and Metabolites in Patients with Modic Changes
Authors: Nian Sunqi , Tang Shaohua , Shen Shiqian , Yue Wenqiang , Zhao Caiwang , Zou Tiannan , Li Weichao , Li Na , Lu Sheng , Chen Jiayu
Published: August 2024

Background:

Modic changes (MCs), vertebral end plate and bone marrow damage observed by magnetic resonance imaging, are an independent risk factor for low back pain. The compositions of and interaction between microbiota and metabolites in the lumbar cartilaginous end plates (LCEPs) of patients with MCs have not been identified.

Methods:

Patients with lumbar disc degeneration who were undergoing lumbar spinal fusion surgery were recruited between April 2020 and April 2021. LCEPs were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based targeted metabolomic profiling. Of the 54 patients recruited, 24 had no MCs and 30 had changes classified as Modic type 2 or 3. The primary goal was to identify specific genera of microbiota associated with MCs, and secondary goals included investigating differences in metabolites between patients with and without MCs and exploring the correlation between these metabolites and microorganisms.

Results:

Investigation of the microbiota community structure revealed that both alpha diversity and beta diversity were significantly different between patients with and without MCs, and the abundances of 26 genera were significantly different between these 2 groups. Metabolomic analysis revealed that 26 metabolites were significantly different between the 2 groups. The unsaturated fatty acid pathway was found to be the main pathway related to MCs. Multiomic correlation analysis suggested that Caulobacteraceae (unclassified) and Mycobacterium, Clostridium, Blautia, and Bifidobacterium at the genus level were linked to dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism, contributing to the pathogenesis of MCs.

Conclusions:

Our study represents a foundational effort to examine the landscape of the microbiota and metabolites in patients with MCs, informing future studies on the pathogenesis of and targeted therapy for MCs.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Radiographic Assessment of Pelvic Inlet and Outlet View Angles in the Ethiopian Population
Authors: Melkamu Solomon , Alemayehu Gabriel , Hailu Samuel
Published: August 2024

Background:

Accurate radiographic assessment is pivotal in evaluating trauma patients with suspected pelvic ring disruptions. The conventional approach of using anteroposterior, 45° inlet, and 45° outlet radiographs for the evaluation of pelvic injury may not consistently align with varying lumbopelvic anatomy. This study aimed to determine the ideal pelvic inlet and outlet radiographic angles when there is limited access to advanced imaging (e.g., computed tomography [CT]) for assessing clinically relevant pelvic osseous landmarks and to investigate variations based on age, sex, and sacral dysmorphism.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study investigated patients who were ≥18 years of age who had no traumatic injuries or pelvic ring pathology; we reviewed abdominopelvic CT scans that were obtained between January 1, 2023, and June 30, 2023. Midsagittal reconstruction and 3D rendering of 148 CT scans facilitated the measurement of pelvic inlet and outlet angles. Standard techniques that were based on previous studies were used to determine the ideal angles. Statistical analyses investigated mean pelvic inlet and outlet angles as well as correlations with age, sex, and sacral dysmorphism.

Results:

The mean pelvic inlet angle was 23.8° ± 8.4° (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.4° to 25.2°), and the mean outlet angle was 40.1° ± 5.9° (95% CI: 39.2° to 41.1°). Male patients exhibited greater inlet angles (27° versus 20°), whereas female patients had greater outlet angles (41° versus 39°). Pelves with dysmorphism showed a 3.6° increase in outlet angles when compared with those with normal sacral anatomy. An inverse relationship between age and inlet angle was observed.

Conclusions:

This study highlights that the recommended 45° angle for pelvic inlet and outlet views may not optimally align with the anatomy of the Ethiopian population. The findings suggest that the ideal inlet and outlet angles for this population are 25° and 40°, respectively. Understanding these variations is crucial for optimizing pelvic radiographic views in trauma evaluation, potentially leading to more accurate assessments and improved patient care in this demographic.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A New Algorithm for Finding the Roots of Nonlinear Algebraic Equations
Authors: Yousef Alrazzo Ahmad , Al Din Ide Nasr , Assaad Mohammad
Published: August 2024

تم في البحث تهجين خوارزمية (Stochastic Gradient Descent) SGD التي تعتبر من أشهر خوارزميات الأمثلية مع الخوارزميات الجينية في إيجاد جذور معادلات غير خطية التي تعتبر من اهم المسائل الرياضية نظرا لتطبيقها في جميع العلوم، حيث تم استخدام الخوارزميات الجينية في إيجاد الجذر الابتدائي الأمثل لخوارزمية SGD وتطبيقها في تقليل دالة الهدف المدروسة، حيث ان بعض الخوارزميات الشهيرة تحتاج الى نقطة ابتدائية  للوصول الى الحل من حيث  الاستقرار. تم اختبار الخوارزمية المقترحة على عدة دوال قياسية ومقارنة النتائج مع الخوارزميات الشهيرة وتبين النتائج كفاءة الخوارزمية المقترحة من خلال الجداول والأشكال.
Eco-Friendly Method for Removal of Some Heavy Metals in Water; Physical and Analytical Study
Authors: Elgendy Khaled , Saad Mounir , Amer Atef , Mohammed Abdel Nasser
Published: August 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة الي التحقق من امكانية ازالة بعض ايونات العناصر الفلزية من بعض المحاليل المائية باستخدام مادة ممتزة مصنوعة من مخلفات نبات البردي و مسحوق البردي في حجم جزيئات النانو, وبسبب تواجد العديد من مجموعة الهيدروكسيل فإن مسحوق البردي يعتبر مادة ممتزة واعدة لإزالة العناصر الثقيلة. تم التحقق من امكانية ازالة ايونات الالمنيوم والحديد والرصاص والكادميوم من محاليل مائية باستخدام نبات البردي. وكانت كفاءة الازالة بالترتيب الاتي ايونات الحديد > الرصاص > الكادميوم > الالمنيوم ..وفي طريقة اخري تم تحويل مسحوق نبات البردي الي مسحوق نانوي وتم دراسة تأثيرة علي ازالة ايونات الرصاص والكادميوم من محاليل مائية. وكانت كفاءة المسحوق النانوي افضل بكثير من مسحوق نبات البردي المجفف العادي.
وتم تطبيق استخدام مسحوق البردي المجفف العادي علي عينتين واحدة من مياه صرف صحي والاخري من مياه جوفية.حيث وجد ان تطبيق معادلة فريندليش مناسب لامتزاز العناصر المذكورة بواسطة البردي العادي واوضحت حدوث تبادل ايوني في طبقة الامتزاز السطحية.
ومن هنا كان لاستخدام مسحوق نبات  البردي له قدرة علي ازالة بعض ايونات الالمنيوم والحديد والرصاص والكادميوم من محاليل مائية وبدون استخدام مواد كيميائية اضافية مما يوحي ان هذه الطريقة صديقة للبيئة.
Synthesis of Some New Hydrazide-Hydrazone and Heterocyclic Compounds Thiophene, Imine, Coumarin and Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: M. Al-Mola Istabrick , H. Al-Sabawi Ammar
Published: August 2024

تم تشييد سلسلة من المشتقات الجديدة الثايوفين ، الايمين ، الكومارين و البيرازول X4-X16 باستخدام N – (1- (4- (بنزيل سلفونيل) فينيل) ايثيليدين)-2- سيانو اسيتو هيدرازيد X3 بوصفه مادة اساسية أولية عن طريق مفاعلتها مع كواشف مختلفة مثل (التترالون ، سايكلو بنتانون ، سايكلو هبتانون ، 2-هيدروكسي بنزالديهايد ، 2-هيدروكسي-1- نفثالديهايد ، كبريتيد ثنائي كاربون و فنيل ايزوثايو سيانيد). تم تحضير المركب X3 من تصعيد 4-(بنزايل سلفونيل) اسيتوفينون مع 2- سيانو اسيتوهيدرازايد في الايثانول. تم تشخيص تراكيب المركبات المحضرة الجديدة من خلال القياسات الفيزيائية و الطيفية (الأشعة تحت الحمراء والتحليل الطيفي البروتون والكاربون 13 النووي المغناطيسي).
Secondary Metabolites from Usnea sp. and an Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Meliati Agustini Dewi , Riga Riga , Hermawati Elvira , Saputra Budi
Published: August 2024

من المعروف عن جنس اوسينا  بأنه يقوم بتجميع المستقلبات الثانوية النشطة بيولوجيًا، بما في ذلك الأنشطة السامة للخلايا والمضادة للبكتيريا. لمواصلة دراستنا حول المركبات النشطة بيولوجيًا من اوسينا  اس بي، قمنا بدراسة المستقلبات الثانوية ونشاطها الحيوي في Usnea sp. كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد المكونات الكيميائية لنبات الحزاز اوسينا  اس بي مستخلص الميثانول من اوسينا  اس بي  تم تحضيره عن طريق استخلاص السائل الصلب متبوعاً بتجزئة وتنقية المستخلص الخام بواسطة عدة تقنيات كروماتوغرافية باستخدام الهكسان ن وخلات الإيثيل كمذيبات للحصول على مركبين نقيين (1 و 2). تم تحليل هياكل كل من المستقلبات الثانوية بواسطة التحليل الطيفي للرنين المغناطيسي النووي 1D و2D (أحادي وثنائي الأبعاد) وتم تحديدها على أنها حمض 2،6-ثنائي هيدروكسي -4-ميثيل بنزويك (1) و(-)-حمض بلاكوديوليك (2). تم تقييم النشاط السمي للخلايا للمركبات ضد خلايا MCF-7 باستخدام اختبار MTT (IC50 = 554.82 و5.10 ميكرومتر، على التوالي). تم أيضًا تقييم كلا المركبين لنشاطهما المضاد للبكتيريا باستخدام طريقة الانتشار القرصي. كانت مناطق تثبيط المركب 1 ضد المكورات العنقودية الذهبية والإشريكية القولونية والبكتيريا المقيحة 6.37 ± 0.21 و7.57 ± 0.15 و5.43 ±0.12 ملم على التوالي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمنع المركب 2 نمو بكتيريا S. aureus وE. coli وS. pyogenes (مناطق التثبيط = 10.43 ± 0.25، 11.63 ± 0.21، و10.63 ± 0.21). أظهرت نتيجة الأنشطة البيولوجية أن 2 أظهر نشاطًا سامًا للخلايا أقوى ضد خلايا MCF-7 بالإضافة إلى نشاط مضاد للبكتيريا مقارنة بالمركب 1. وبناءً على نتائج الأطروحات، يمكن أن يكون المركب 2 مرشحًا واعدًا للمضادات الحيوية في المستقبل القريب.
Palladium (II) Mixed Ligand Complexes of Benzoisothiazol-3(2H)-Dithiocarbamate (Bit-dtc) and Tertiary Diphosphines: Synthesis, Characterization, Biological and Anticancer Studies
Authors: Aziz Nazk
Published: August 2024

تم تحضيرالمعقد [  [Pd(bit-dtc)2من تفاعل  بنزوايزوثيازول -3 (H 2 )ثنائي ثايوكربامات الصوديوم Nabit-dtc)) مع ملح الصوديوم رابع كلوريد البلاديوم (II). وبمعاملة معقد [Pd(bit-dtc)2]  مع ثنائي الفوسفينات Ph2P(CH)nPPh2  بنسب مولية متساوية ادت للحصول على معقدات بنسب جيدة من نوع[Pd(bit-dtc)2(Ph2(CH2)nPPh2)] حيث ان n تمثل؛
   n=1(dppm)  n=2 (dppe);  n=3 (dppp);  n=4 (dppb);  n=(C5H4)2Fe (dppf).
 وقد تم تشخيص المعقدات المحضرة باستخدام التحليل الدقيق للعناصروالتحليل الطيفي للأشعة تحت الحمراء علاوة على ذلك نتائج تحليل للطيف الرنين المغناطيسي للبروتون   H- NMR 1 وP{1H}-NMR31 حيث اتضح بان ليكند الثايوكاربامات  يسلك سلوك احادي السن  مع ايون البلاديوم. ومن خلال نتائج طيف الرنين المغناطيسي تم اقترح معقدات الليكندات المختلطة لها صيغ تناسقية أحادي النواة يسلك فيها ثنائي فوسفين كلكيند كيلتي ( ثنائي المخلب) ماعدا اللكيند dppm حيث يسلك كليكند جسري وتكوين معقدات ثنائي النواة .
تم تقييم الأنشطة المضادة للميكروبات لمعقدات البلاديوم الثنائية المحضرة حديثا ضد نوعين من البكتيريا، وهما ستافيلوكوكوس اوريس (S. aureus ) وأشريشيا كولاي(E. coli ) . وتم فحص المعقدات 2 و 4 و 5 ضد سرطان البنكرياس SNU-2469))  وسرطان المعدة والمريء البشري  SK-GT-5)) وخلايا البشرية الصحية ( WRL68 ), أظهر المركب [Pd(bit-dtc)2] 2 نشاطًا ملحوظا ضد سرطان البنكرياس الغدي للخلايا السرطانية SNU-2469 بقيمة IC50حيث  تبلغ 5.067 مايكرومولر.
Liquid Phase Extraction and Determination of Chromium (III) Ion in Aqueous Solution Using Dithiocarbamate Derivative Reagent
Authors: Malik Shaker Ivan , Fadhil Khudhair Ahmed , Hamied Mihsen Hayder
Published: August 2024

تم تحضير الكاشف الجديد N-methyl-N - ((((4-bromophenyl) diazenyl) thio) carbonothioyl) aniline من تفاعل (sodium N-methyl- N-phenyl dithiocarbamate) مع (4-chlorobenzene diazonium salts). وشخص الكاشف الجديد بالطرائق الطيفية وهي، طيف الاشعة فوق البنفسجية، التحليل الدقيق للعناصر، طيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء، مطيافية الكتلة، مطيافية الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتون والكاربون، التوصيلية المولارية والحساسية المغناطيسية. باستخدام البيانات التحليلية والطيفية، تم تحديد نسبة (الفلز: الكاشف)، ولوحظ أن المركب بنسبة1: 2 (فلز: كاشف). تم قياس التوصيلية المولية للمعقدات باستخدام DMF، وأظهرت النتائج أن المعقد الناتج كان أيونيا. تشير نتائج التحليل الدقيق للعناصر والدراسات الطيفية إلى أن المركب له بنية رباعية السطوح. تم تطوير الاستخلاص بنقطة الغيمة للتركيز المسبق وفصل الكروم الثلاثي في قياسات عينات الدواء باستخدام الامتصاص الذري للهب ومقياس الطيف الضوئي للأشعة فوق البنفسجية عند 536 نانومتر. تتأثر فعالية الاستخلاص بنقطة الغيمة بدرجة الحموضة، وتركيز Triton X-114 والكاشف، ونوع المادة الخافضة للتوتر السطحي، والتداخل، وتأثير الملح، والوقت، وتأثير درجة الحرارة. كان منحنى معايرة الكروم خطيًا في حدود 0.1-2 ميكروغرام مل-1 مع r2=0.9888. حد الكشف والتقدير الكمي هو (0.1246 و0.3777 ميكروغرام مل-1). تم تطبيق الطريقة الجديدة بنجاح لاستخلاص وفحص أيون  المنغنيز الثنائي تحت ثلاث علامات تجارية دوائية.
ESP Application for High Flow and Deep Wells Using a reduced OD Pump with the Biggest Worldwide Single 562 Series Permanent Magnet Motor Adapting Existing VSD
Authors: Vargas W. Salazar , Archila J. , Perez L. , Muñoz D. , Rodríguez O.
Published: August 2024

A reduced outer diameter (OD) high flow rate pump, a high power permanent magnet motor (PMM) and the most usual Variable Speed Drive (VSD) available in the field were selected. The VSD with minimum capabilities to run the PMM with a "scalar V/Hz" control algorithm were validated. The validation tests were performed in a testing loop where the best parameter configuration was selected to match a proved "vector control" Drive performance from the same motor vendor. Key parameters such as magnetizing current at minimum level were identified.

The system was installed in Tello field, Colombia. It was started and operated without any issues following strict safety procedures and barriers.

This PMM application has delivered energy savings above 15% versus the previous induction motor (IM) application. The energy consumption decreased from 625kWh to 478kWh, 147kWh less, representing a saving of USD 85,000 per year.

The scalar (volts/Hz) control has shown good motor control for the application conditions: high water cut (96%), casing 7" 26#, 8000 ft, deviated well, and rates above 9000 BFPD.

Reliability improvement is established by replacing 990HP induction triple tandem motor (102ft) for a single 980HP Permanent Magnet Motor (34ft). The PMM showed a lower operating temperature and eliminated current peaks during motor start-up. The diameter of the pump was reduced by 0.9" (from 5.38" series pump to 4.49" series pump), providing a faster installation, reducing the risk of MLE damage or ESP equipment stuck due to reduced clearance. The run life of the well increased from less than 6 months to more than 3 years. As expected, this new downhole configuration presented an improvement in reliability compared to conventional ESP equipment.

A second well was installed confirming the benefits of the approach, and the Field Operator Management has approved the PMM massification in the Tello field.

This application proved the option of running and benefiting from reduced OD high flow rate pump and the Permanent Magnet Motor technology utilizing existing surface equipment, facilitating the financial decision, and improving reliability.
Vortex Barbell System Improving Sucker Rod Pump Efficiencies and Decreasing Failure Frequencies in High-Angle Wellbores
Authors: Coyes C. , Jensen C. , Hardin J. , Desautels J. , Paez J. , Williams B. , Saponja J. , Holcomb D. , Dixon A. , Beeton R.
Published: August 2024

The conventional sucker rod pump system is comprised of ball and seat-type traveling and standing check valves that use positive displacement to produce oil from the reservoir (Takacs 2015). With the advent of horizontal drilling and fracturing, sucker rod pumps are increasingly landed at greater depths and inclinations from vertical to maximize access to reserves and extend the production life of the well.

This paper builds upon existing downhole vortex valve systems research to test and understand the potential of a vortex fluid flow profile. The Vortex Barbell System (VBS) was designed to establish and elongate a vortex fluid flow profile that sustains fluid velocity in downhole environments. Early field trials with the VBS showed promising capability to land pumps in the curve with production success. This prompted further laboratory testing. The laboratory environment was designed to model downhole fluid conditions and wellbore trajectory. The results were compared to field data from wells running the VBS. The analysis draws connections between laboratory results and field trials to explain how the VBS elongates a vortex flow profile, sustains fluid velocity, and increases pump fillage so that rod pumps can be landed deeper in high inclination wells (in the curve) to retain pump efficiency, increase production, reduce failure frequency, and extend the pump life.
Plunger Fall Velocity for Production Optimization
Authors: Tello M. , Hecht J. , Clem E. , Viggiano R. , Pereyra E. , Sarica C.
Published: August 2024

Liquid loading is common in high gas-liquid ratio (GLR) wells with low reservoir pressure. Plunger lift is an artificial lift method many operators use to remove liquid accumulation in their wells. It is widely used due to its flexibility and cheap operational cost. Accurate prediction of fall times can help operators maximize production from their wells by reducing unnecessarily long close times. However, many conventional plunger lift systems are run un-optimally because the operators do not completely understand the system’s behavior. This study combined previous literature and experimental work with novel improvements and modeling techniques to develop a new physics-based model for conventional plunger fall velocity. The model’s predictions have been compared with actual plunger fall velocity data from field applications.
The Case Study of Measuring the Improvement/Decrease in Compression of Rods after Putting the Rod Pump in Two-Speed Mode Remotely
Authors: Janjua H. , Poythress M. , Jordan R.
Published: August 2024

Multi-frac horizontal wells have uneven DLS (dog leg severity), inconsistent reservoir flow, high gas content, and sand infiltration. In conditions like these, uniform speed through the pump stroke may not an effective option. This arises the need for a two-speed mode where we can constantly monitor well performance against operator presets and then adjust pumping speed during the downstroke and upstroke separately.

A two-speed mode for a sucker rod pumping system is introduced to lower compression forces in rods and power consumption. Numerical modeling and an extensive field test verify the concept. This solution for variable speed drive systems reduces energy to rod string and can be applied in the controller without requiring any hardware adjustments.

During the down stroke, the plunger in a rod pump must descend through a barrel that is filled with fluid. The plunger must be pushed down into the barrel by a compressive force in order to match the pumping velocity. The compressive force may be large enough to cause buckling in the pull rod and the lowest section of the sucker rods. This paper is based on the idea of setting the VFD in two separate modes: normal in upstrokes and slow in the downstrokes. And we will perform measurements of the free fall velocity of a plunger in a liquid-filled barrel and the pushing force necessary to exceed the free fall velocity of the plunger in the barrel.

In this case study, compression measurement in rods is performed in 3 wells after putting them on two-speed mode. The down stroke and up stroke values in each well is evaluated by operating parameters such as: Rod air weight.Buckling forces.

The challenges of putting these wells in two-speed modes, both in the field and online, are discussed separately. A rubric-based comparison was performed on pumping efficiency among the three wells. A systematic approach of measuring wells performance based on nodal analysis is performed. The performance of wells before and after putting them in two-speed mode is discussed.
Preliminary Fluid Viscosity Correction Factor for Progressing Cavity Pumps
Authors: Swaffield C. , Sheldon J. , Noble E. , Skoczylas P.
Published: August 2024

Since the invention of the progressing cavity pump (PCP), there has been a desire to accurately model its downhole performance. This work aims to improve the pump performance model by proposing a preliminary correction factor that can be used to estimate the effect of produced fluid viscosity on downhole pump fluid slippage.

Previous efforts to model the effect of fluid viscosity on pump fluid slippage have required precise knowledge of the pump's downhole geometry. Those efforts assumed that pump fluid slippage can be modelled as Poiseuille flow, such as is found in pipes or between parallel plates, where the rate of pump fluid slippage is presumed to be inversely proportional to the fluid viscosity. This work proposes a different approach where pertinent experimental test data is collected for elastomeric and all-metal PCPs that were tested with fluids of varying viscosities and analyzed to create a simplified correction factor that can be used to estimate the effect of fluid viscosity on pump fluid slippage without needing to know the exact downhole pump geometry. It also looks to ascertain if the assumption that Poiseuille flow is a valid model for modelling fluid viscosity effects on pump fluid slippage or whether an alternative mathematical relationship better represents the relationship between fluid viscosity and pump fluid slippage.

The analysis of experimental test data gathered from various pumps that were operated at varying speeds and with fluids of varying viscosities, conducted at C-FER Technologies and with available published test data, enables the development of a preliminary viscosity correction factor, which challenges the conventional belief in an inversely proportional relationship between fluid viscosity and pump fluid slippage. Based on the resulting preliminary viscosity correction factor, the authors propose an alternative relationship between fluid viscosity and pump fluid slippage. The preliminary fluid viscosity correction factor serves as a tool for estimating the impact of changes in fluid viscosity on downhole pump fluid slippage and, thus, pump efficiency.

The proposed preliminary viscosity correction factor can be used to estimate how the downhole pump efficiency can change based on changes in the produced fluid viscosity. This viscosity correction factor can be used to help users of PCP systems optimize the design and operation of their PCP systems.
Combining Gas Lift, PAGL, and Plunger Lift Optimizes Production Across Tight Oil Well Lifecycle
Authors: Cope Brent , Gilmore David
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a "full lifecycle" approach to well production that encompasses three interrelated forms of artificial lift ‒ gas lift, plunger-assisted gas lift (PAGL), and plunger lift ‒ applied at distinct phases to collectively span the entire slope of the tight oil well decline curve:

Gas lift in early life PAGL in the mid-life "plateau" Plunger lift in late life

The authors provide recommendations on well design and equipment to seamlessly transition from gas lift, to PAGL to plunger lift in response to changing production profiles as wells mature. They also examine considerations for deciding when the time is right to transition a well from gas lift to PAGL to plunger lift without having to interrupt production or make capital investments in workovers to change out surface or downhole equipment. The discussion includes surface and downhole equipment, as well as automated controls.

Case history data from wells in the Mid-Continent and Permian Basin are presented to illustrate the benefits of adopting an integrated gas lift – PAGL - plunger lift approach as a flexible and economic to artificial lift and production management options in U.S. onshore horizontal tight oil resource plays. Applying a single artificial lift equipment design capable of seamlessly transitioning during every phase of the well lifecycle gives operators a highly efficient solution for optimizing rates and maximizing EURs without having to interrupt well operations or make capital investments in workovers to change out surface or downhole equipment as wells mature.
Differentiate Between Pump Off and Gas Interference with Real Time Plunger Velocity
Authors: Messer Russell
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes an approach to diagnose pump-off condition versus gas interference condition utilizing an overlay [4] of real time plunger velocity on top of the real time downhole card via pump-off controller interface. Field results showing the impact of this methodology are presented.

Traditionally, the industry only looks at the surface and downhole card to optimize and achieve better well control. This requires a series of experts, dynograph interpretation and optimization processes. Even with access to this data, scenarios exist where a downhole condition is misidentified, and production is lost.

One of the major problems in sucker rod pump (SRP) wells is the well will shut down or slow down when the pump fillage goes below a certain predetermined (user set) value, which can either be attributed to gas interference or pump off condition. If the first scenario applies, the operator may have the option to pump through this condition and achieve more production and drawdown on the well without damaging the system. If the second, the well should be stopped immediately to avoid equipment damage and failures.

Unfortunately, knowing the difference between these two conditions is not always intuitive or obvious. Moreover, pump-off controllers (POCs) certainly cannot tell the difference. This causes the operator to lose potential production and revenue and leads to condition where too many wells are carrying thousands of feet of fluid over the pump and are not achieving effective drawdown or hitting their production target.

Field results show that gas interference can be distinguished from pump off to reduce the unnecessary shut down and improving drawdown in SRP wells.

The options available today for plunger velocity are only available through modeling software and sporadically gathered dynograph cards and are not in real time. This does not afford the operator effective control nor live decision-making capabilities. This paper demonstrates the pump velocity real time superposition and its benefit to the operator and today's optimization practices.
ESP Rotary Gas Separator Configuration for Harsh Environments, High Contents of Free Gas, High Temperatures and Viscous Conditions
Authors: Matheus Laura , Penagos Ingrid , Diaz Luisa , Rodriguez Juan , Pinzon Hyulder , Garzón Miguel , Ariza Iván , González Camilo , Aguinaga Pilar , Devia Néstor , Castro David
Published: August 2024

The operation of Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) in harsh reservoir conditions like high fluid viscosity, high bottom hole temperatures, and high free gas content is a constant challenge in an extra heavy oil Field located in Colombia. This is especially true in wells producing from the In-situ Combustion process that has been implemented in the Field to maximize ultimate oil recovery. Standard ESP configurations constantly faced gas-blocking events and had low system performance, reducing run life, and increasing operational project costs. This paper describes how a Rotary Gas Separator in addition to other gas handling technologies has successfully been implemented to overcome the described challenges in this Field.

This paper presents the results of the successful implementation of the Rotary Gas Separator in a Colombian Field with high oil viscosity, high percentages of free gas, and high temperatures, including case studies where air injection is used as an enhanced oil recovery method. Additionally, comparative analyses are performed with the conventional used Vortex Gas Separator.

ESP performance parameters achieved so far include better gas separation efficiency, handling up to 95% free gas at the pump intake; an increase of up to 19% in the drawdown; a reduction of up to 60% in downtime and shutdowns related to gas-blocking events; an average reduction of 30% in operating motor temperatures; and a significant increase in the run life compared with the previous runs that used Vortex Gas Separators.

The implementation of the Rotary Gas Separator and other gas handling technologies are allowing the Operator to increase production and improve the performance and reliability of the ESP systems; thus, plans are being made to continue expanding this configuration to other wells in the Field.
A Novel Plunger Data Analysis Methodology
Authors: Viggiano R. , Micozzi M. , Chaudhry F. , Pereyra E. , Sarica C.
Published: August 2024

A novel methodology for conventional plunger data analysis to evaluate the impact of multiple operational setpoint configurations on gas production is presented. The algorithm first interprets the time signature data of gas flow rate, tubing, casing, and line pressures from a well by recognizing and counting the plunger cycles. Afterward, it breaks the data cycle-wise by recognizing the conventional plunger lift stages: buildup, upstroke, and after flow. Once the algorithm organizes all the data, it normalizes and groups the different stages towards obtaining averaged stage curves. Stage-to-stage dependency is also evaluated from a data-driven perspective. The average normalized stage curves and stage-to-stage dependency evaluation are then used to build synthetic cycles at a given off-stage (time the well is shut-in) and on-stage (time the well is open) set point configuration. Multiple synthetic setpoint configurations are then explored, yielding gas flow rate responses that are used to create an operational map that can be used to optimize the well’s operation. The overall methodology is fully data-driven, therefore, operational constraints such as plunger fall time and required pressure for a full plunger upstroke trip are not predicted.
Application of Plunger Lift Systems for Deliquification of Challenging Gas Wells in a Mature Gas Field
Authors: Verma Pramod Kumar , Lalnuntluanga Lalnuntluanga , Kumar Avinav , Verma Anjali
Published: August 2024

The paper describes the application of Plunger lift system in a matured gas field. In gas wells, the natural decline in reservoir pressure over time is a fundamental challenge, particularly in mature fields. This decrease in reservoir pressure can be attributed to reservoir depletion, where the continuous extraction of hydrocarbons reduces the inherent pressure that drives fluids to the surface. At that point, the delivered fluid collects within the well bore and creates a static fluid column. In the absence of the removal of this built-up liquid, the hydrostatic head of the liquid exerts undesirable back pressure on the formation, leading to a decrease in gas from the formation. For the deliquification of these wells, the most suitable techniques were analyzed, and plunger lift system was to be found as the most suitable technique in gas wells.

The plunger lift system represents an elegant solution for gas wells struggling with liquid loading, a common issue where water or hydrocarbon liquids accumulate in the wellbore, hindering gas production. By using the well's own pressure to drive a plunger up and down the tubing, the system effectively removes liquids, ensuring the gas can flow unimpeded to the surface. One of the system's key benefits is its minimal energy requirements. Since it primarily uses the well's build-up pressure for operation, supplemented only by a small solar panel for controlling operations, it is both energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. The geographical challenges of ONGC's Tripura Asset, characterized by its scattered wells in hills, jungles, and areas with logistical constraints, necessitate a self-sufficient and reliable artificial lift method. The plunger lift system, with its stand-alone operation capability, meets these needs perfectly. This paper offers all the possible issues, criteria for the selection of wells, and the selection of suitable plunger type.
Relasi Perubahan Bentuk, Makna dan Fungsi Ruang pada Rumah Abdi Dalem di Yogyakarta
Authors: Sutasoma I Wayan , Bawole Paulus , Nainggolan Freddy Marihot Rotua , Wiyatiningsih
Published: August 2024

Title: The Relationship of Changes in The Form, Meaning, and Function of House Space in The Abdi Dalem Houses in Yogyakarta;
Case Study: Abdi Dalem's House in Kampug Siliran, Kelurahan Panembahan, Kemantren Keraton, Yogyakarta City
The Yogyakarta City Fort is one of the iconic architectural objects in the Yogyakarta Palace area. Within the fort are several traditional Kampung Abdi Dalem settlements; this residential area is often known as the Jeron Benteng area. Changes in the spatial layout of traditional village houses occur every period. Therefore, this study focuses on the relationship between changes in the form, meaning, and function of the house space in the Kampung Abdi Dalem Siliran settlement, Yogyakarta. The house's occupant is abdi dalem, who serves the Sultan's family. Cultural shifts due to globalization have caused changes in the function, meaning, and form of the house. The leading cause of the changes is the increase in family members and life-supporting activities such as economic and educational endeavors. This study aims to determine the characteristics of changes in the abdi dalem house in Kampung Siliran. The research approach uses qualitative research with case studies. Primary and secondary data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The data were then analyzed and tested for validity using the theory of spatial change flexibility. By analyzing changes in spatial layout, it is concluded that changes in the spatial layout of the abdi dalem house in Siliran Village did not change the main room, but only the additional rooms.
Pengaruh Kualitas Manajemen Risiko terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Bank Umum
Authors: Zefanya Erlynne Anthony , Lokita Ivana , Kristamuljana Sammy , Marsetio Nany Chandra , Adelina Yang Elvi
Published: August 2024

Sesuai dengan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan sejak tahun 2016 industri perbankan telah menerapkan manajemen risiko bersama-sama dengan penerapan tata kelola bagi bank umum. Bertolak dari keinginan mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas manajemen risiko dan kinerja keuangan bank penelitian ini diadakan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif menggunakan data finansial dan non finansial Bank Umum yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2018-2022, dengan sumber utamanya adalah Laporan Tahunan bank. Perbedaan antara masa sebelum dan setelah pandemi COVID-19 juga diteliti. Secara keseluruhan diperoleh 36 sampel perusahaan bank yang layak diteliti, yang diseleksi dengan teknik purposive sampling dan melibatkan total 180 data observasi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa secara praktis variabel penyusun kualitas manajemen risiko berkaitan dengan tata kelola dan budaya tidak menunjukan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan bahkan beberapa variabel berpengaruh negatif. Temuan ini menyarankan bahwa penerapan manajemen risiko memang dimaksudkan untuk memitigasi risiko dan tidak berhubungan langsung dengan kinerja keuangan bank.
Anticipating Max Weber: Discussion about the church at the Religious and Philosophical Assemblies in 1901–1903
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Cherepanov Daniil D. ,   St. Tikhon’s Orthodox University
Published: August 2024

This article dwells upon a specific aspect of the discussion about the Church, which took place at the Religious and Philosophical Assemblies in Saint Petersburg between 1901 and 1903. The initial impulse was given in 1901 by Mikhail Stakhovich, who raised the issue of the freedom of conscience. Many representatives of the Russian Church opposed this idea; the article argues that this controversy was fueled by nearly incompatible understandings of the relation between the Church and the society. Participants of the Religious and Philosophical Assemblies represented two different approaches to this ecclesiological problem. Stakhovich and other proponents of religious liberty considered free and conscious faith of the individual as the main sign of the Church. Thus, they regarded the Church as a particular and clearly distinguished community. On the contrary, their opponents were inclined to see the Church as coinciding with the society in general, so that they treated the notions “Russian” and “member of the church” as synonyms. It is suggested that the emergence of these two conflicting concepts during the discussion represented greater processes which took place not only in Russia, but also in Europe and North America. This is supported by contrastive analysis: ecclesiological viewpoints represented in Saint Petersburg are compared to the two notions coined by Max Weber, i. e. “churches” („Kirchen“) and “sects” („Sekten“). It is shown that participants of the Religious-Philosophical Meetings arrived at very similar notions several years before Weber’s works were published. These findings are used to assess the effect of Orthodox apologist’s speeches during the Meetings.
Effects of the Water Diversion Project from the Three Gorges Reservoir to the Hanjiang River on diatom blooms in Middle and Lower reaches of the Hanjiang River
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Lin Honghui , Wang Meng , Li Fei , Wang Zhongmin , Xiao Yang , Li Ran , Shen Dandan
Published: August 2024

The algal blooms in the Middle and Lower reaches of the Hanjiang River (MLHR) have become a great aquatic eco-environmental problem over recent years. The planned implementation of the Water Diversion Project from the Three Gorges Reservoir to the Hanjiang River (WDP-TH) would influence the growth and propagation of diatoms and the development of algal blooms. In this paper, a dynamic model of diatom growth is developed that considers factors such as light exposure, water temperature, total phosphorus, and flow velocity. The effects of the WDP-TH on algal density and blooms in the MLHR were predicted for a typical median year, a typical dry year, and an extremely dry year. The results showed that following the water recharge in a typical median year, the propagation of diatoms in the MLHR was significantly promoted because of an increase in total phosphorus concentration. However, following the water recharge in typical dry and extremely dry years, increased flow rate and improved hydrodynamic conditions significantly inhibited diatom growth and accelerated the transport process. The results of the hypothetical simulation showed that after the initiation of the WDP-TH, inhibition effects of improved hydrodynamic force on algae were more apparent than promotion effects of increased total phosphorus concentration in the MLHR.
Optimizing dual-layer composite membranes with functionalized CNT loadings using response surface methodology
Authors: Gholamzadeh Moghadam Fatemeh , Mohammadi Toraj , Asadi Amir Atabak
Published: August 2024

This study employed central composite design (CCD) within the framework of response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the direct and interactive influences of critical synthesis parameters on the performance of polyethersulfone (PES)/polyamide (PA) double layer composite membranes for nanofiltration (NF) application. Independent variables included PES, piperazine (PIP), and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) concentrations, along with interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction time. The objective was to simultaneously optimize water permeability (WP) and salt rejection to achieve the highest NF membrane performance. Optimal parameters for maximum WP and salt rejection were determined: PES concentration at 14.0 wt%, PIP concentration at 1.5 w/v%, TMC concentration at 0.2 w/v%, and reaction time at 45 s. In addition, membrane performance was improved by incorporating functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) into the PES ultrafiltration substrate, enhancing hydrophilicity and porosity. The resulting PA NF membrane developed on a substrate containing 0.15 wt% f-MWCNT (TFNC) exhibited WP of 11.84 LMH/bar, surpassing the WP of the same NF membrane on an unloaded substrate (TFC) by approximately 20%, while maintaining nearly identical salt rejection levels. Salt rejection followed the order: Na2SO4 > MgSO4 > NaCl, suggesting Donnan-exclusion mechanisms primarily governed the separation process due to repulsion forces between the negatively charged membrane surface and anions.