bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Hypertension in Electronic Health Records Through Computable Phenotype Development and Validation for Use in Public Health Surveillance: Retrospective Study
Authors: Valvi Nimish , McFarlane Timothy , Allen Katie S , Gibson P Joseph , Dixon Brian Edward
Published: December 2023

Background

Electronic health record (EHR) systems are widely used in the United States to document care delivery and outcomes. Health information exchange (HIE) networks, which integrate EHR data from the various health care providers treating patients, are increasingly used to analyze population-level data. Existing methods for population health surveillance of essential hypertension by public health authorities may be complemented using EHR data from HIE networks to characterize disease burden at the community level.

Objective

We aimed to derive and validate computable phenotypes (CPs) to estimate hypertension prevalence for population-based surveillance using an HIE network.

Methods

Using existing data available from an HIE network, we developed 6 candidate CPs for essential (primary) hypertension in an adult population from a medium-sized Midwestern metropolitan area in the United States. A total of 2 independent clinician reviewers validated the phenotypes through a manual chart review of 150 randomly selected patient records. We assessed the precision of CPs by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), F1-score, and validity of chart reviews using prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted κ. We further used the most balanced CP to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in the population.

Results

Among a cohort of 548,232 adults, 6 CPs produced PPVs ranging from 71% (95% CI 64.3%-76.9%) to 95.7% (95% CI 84.9%-98.9%). The F1-score ranged from 0.40 to 0.91. The prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted κ revealed a high percentage agreement of 0.88 for hypertension. Similarly, interrater agreement for individual phenotype determination demonstrated substantial agreement (range 0.70-0.88) for all 6 phenotypes examined. A phenotype based solely on diagnostic codes possessed reasonable performance (F1-score=0.63; PPV=95.1%) but was imbalanced with low sensitivity (47.6%). The most balanced phenotype (F1-score=0.91; PPV=83.5%) included diagnosis, blood pressure measurements, and medications and identified 210,764 (38.4%) individuals with hypertension during the study period (2014-2015).

Conclusions

We identified several high-performing phenotypes to identify essential hypertension prevalence for local public health surveillance using EHR data. Given the increasing availability of EHR systems in the United States and other nations, leveraging EHR data has the potential to enhance surveillance of chronic disease in health systems and communities. Yet given variability in performance, public health authorities will need to decide whether to seek optimal balance or declare a preference for algorithms that lean toward sensitivity or specificity to estimate population prevalence of disease.
Current status and hotspots in breast cancer patient self-management research: a bibliometric and visual analysis via CiteSpace (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Huang Shan , Chen Yanyan , Cao Yan , Zhang Cuiping
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide.With significant improvements in breast cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment, the number of breast cancer survivors has significantly increased.Individuals with chronic illnesses often develop self-management skills as they cope with their condition, and these include: management of disease symptoms, detection of physiological and psychosocial changes, and lifestyle changes.Fewer studies have systematically summarised the hotspots, pathways and trends in self-care of breast cancer patients, and information on the history, current status and future trends of studies related to self-management of breast cancer patients is incomplete.

OBJECTIVE

Purpose: To analyze the current status, hotspots, and research trends related to self-management in breast cancer patients from 2005 to 2023 using Citespace on the Web of Science core database.

METHODS

Method: A search was conducted in the WoSCC from January 1, 2005, to August 31, 2023. The literature was visualised and analysed by CiteSpace 6.1.R6 for publication time, number of articles, country distribution, institutional distribution, reference co-citation, and keywords.

RESULTS

Results: A total of 1,413 English-language documents were included in the research on self-management of breast cancer patients from 2005 to 2023. The USA had the highest amount of issuance, while the University of Toronto had the most among institutions. The reference with the highest number of co-citations was "Self-Management: Enabling and empowering patients living with cancer as a chronic illness. "High-frequency keywords are quality of life, chronic disease, self-management, patient education, randomised controlled trials, education, intervention. These keywords formed 11 clusters related to the content of the intervention, the way of the intervention, outcome indicators, keyword burst analysis predicted that future research hotspots would focus on patient needs, psychological distress, internet technology, and mobile apps.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions: The research on breast cancer self-management is expanding rapidly. To further promote the development in this field, it’s crucial to strengthen cooperation and communication between different countries/regions and institutions. The findings suggest that there’s a need for more research in this field, particularly in areas such as patient needs and the use of technology to improve breast cancer patient self-management. Additionally, our findings offer suggestions for future research.
В ПОГОНЕ ЗА СОВЕРШЕНСТВОМ: ОТ ГЛУБОКО МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ К ИСКУССТВЕННОМУ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУ В СИСТЕМАХ ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ ИНСПЕКЦИИ (АОИ) MAKER-­RAY. ЧАСТЬ 1
Authors: Рожков И. , Горанин А. , Подольский Д.
Published: December 2023

По версии словаря английского языка Collins English Dictionary, главным
словосочетанием в 2023 году является аббревиатура AI (искусственный интеллект,
ИИ), означающая «моделирование мыслительных функций человека с помощью
компьютерных программ». По мнению Collins употребление аббревиатуры AI
за год выросло в четыре раза и «стало преобладающим термином в разговорах
в 2023 году». Данный вывод непосредственно касается систем автоматической
оптической инспекции (АОИ) компании Maker-Ray,
которые умеют
самообучаться, выявлять дефекты сборки печатных плат и вместо оператора
способны исключать ложные срабатывания. Для этого потребовалась эволюция
применяемых методов глубокого обучения и дальнейшее развитие программных
инструментов в направлении решения прикладных задач при производстве
электроники – сегодня системы АОИ Maker-Ray
стали, по сути, IT-проектами
по внедрению искусственного интеллекта. В статье описывается проблематика
построения умной системы анализа изображений печатных плат.
ЭЛЕКТРОДВИГАТЕЛИ В АВТОМОБИЛЕСТРОЕНИИ
Authors: Аверичев Д. , Березина Ю.
Published: December 2023

В этом номере мы продолжим рассказ о электродвигателях, которые нашли
широкое распространение в самых разных отраслях промышленности.
В статье, опубликованной в журнале «ЭЛЕКТРОНИКА: Наука, Технология,
Бизнес» № 9 за 2023 год, обсуждалось применение электродвигателей
и сервоприводов в робототехнике и медицине. Сегодня речь пойдет
об их использовании в автомобильном транспорте.
El derecho real de conservación a la luz de la historia de la Ley N°20.930
Authors: Ubilla Fuenzalida Jaime Cristián
Published: December 2023

The origin, definition, differentiating elements and legal nature of the conservation right are presented here, in light of the contrast between two visions that faced each other in the legislative process; explaining the reasons why the law finally adopted the 'post-modern' vision, thus giving rise to a new affirmative real right different from the conservation easements or real covenants that are found in comparative law.
El carácter decisivo del precepto legal en la inaplicabilidad y los efectos temporales de la sentencia
Authors: Cortés Moreno Gonzalo
Published: December 2023

Inapplicability has several configurational shortcomings. The deficient regulation of some of its essential aspects, such as its requirements, the opportunity to file it and the effects of its judgments, has frustrated the goals pursued with its filing on many occasions. Thus, it is possible, even achieving the declaration of unconstitutionality of a legal precept for the specific case, that the winning plaintiff's situation ends up being the same as if he had not resorted to the Constitutional Court. This may be due to the fact that examining the precepts that could be decisive in the pending case, by a court that is not an expert in the matter under discussion, is inherently complex. From a practical perspective, there is also evidence of some reluctance of the ordinary courts to consider that, after the ruling of inapplicability, a hypothesis of supervening illegality may arise. Some judgments that exemplify cases such as those described, show that the current instrument is in crisis. This reaffirms the urgent need to revise the system under which legislation is made subject to repressive judicial review in Chile.
Editorial
Authors: Paíno Perdomo Omar
Published: December 2023

Esta producción editorial sigue marcando la creación de un espacio académico libre y creador. La revista nos ofrece nuevamente su firmeza multidisciplinaria y transversal en sus contenidos. En este volumen, presentamos cinco artículos en las áreas de investigación de hidrobiología, biofísica, micología y una reseña de congreso, los cuales serán de interés para los lectores en sus respectivas líneas de investigación…
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-Negative Infections in King Faisal Medical Complex at Taif, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Amashah Reda , Abou-assy Rawan , Mohammed Aly Magda , H. Fida Moufag , Alotaibi Moneera , Shbat Manhal
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Describe susceptibility patterns to several antimicrobials in Gram-negative pathogens isolated from patients in King FaisalMedical Complex (KFMC) at Taif, Saudi Arabia over a 6-month period.
Methods: The study included a cumulative antibiogram of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Interpretation of the antimicrobial susceptibilitytests was based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and the Phoenix system.
Results: Overall, 763 clinical infections by GNB isolates of the specimens collected during six months were culture-positive. Amongthe array of GNB, Escherichia coli numbered 290 (38.0%) was the most frequently identified, then Klebsiella pneumoniae 276 (36.2%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa 77 (10.1%), Acinetobacter baumannii 48 (6.3%), Proteus spp. 31 (4.1%), Citrobacter koseri 11 (1.4%), Serratiaspp. 8 (1.0 %), Enterobacter aerogenes 7 (0.9%), Klebsiella Oxytoca 4 (0.5%), Providencia rettgeri 3 (0.4 %), Klebsiella ozaenae 3 (0.4%),Morganella morganii 2 (0.3%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 2 (0.3 %), and Pseudomonas puda 1 (0.1%). Fifty-one isolates were resistantto all tested antibiotics, but 97 (12.7 %) were susceptible to all the tested antibiotics. The majority (87.3%) of isolates were resistant toone or more antimicrobials tested. In general, 83% of the bacterial species were MDR. The carbapenem sensitivity was 68.7% for allGNB isolates, 47.3% and 52.3% of K. pneumoniae, 20.8% and 25% of Acinetobacter, and 64.1% and 75.6% of P. aeruginosa to imipenemand meropenem, respectively. The carbapenem sensitivity for E. coli was extremely high showing 100% and 99.9% for imipenem andmeropenem, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity of the most isolated GNB pathogens was highly variable showing that tigecycline is themost effective antibiotic with 82.4% sensitivity while was non-effective for Acinetobacter. The colistin sensitivity was 88.3% for E. coli,69.2% for P. aeruginosa, 45.5% for K. pneumoniae and less effective against A. baumannii.
Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance among K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa was high for many used antibiotics, thus continued surveillance is needed.
Efficacy of Talh Honey, Whey Protein, and Collagen Based Novel Formulation Against Wound-Associated Skin Microbiota
Authors: Abbas Yamani Hanaa , Mordi Al-Zahrani Muna
Published: December 2023

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a novel wound-healing formulation composed of honey, whey protein, and collagenagainst the skin microbiota associated with delayed wound healing.
Methods: A rat excisional model was employed to assess the wound-healing formulation. Pathogen contraction rates were measured onvarious days following the onset of wounds to investigate the formulation’s impact on microbial infection. The formulation, known for itsantimicrobial properties and rich in growth factors, was applied to promote cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue repair.
Results: The tested wound-healing formulation demonstrated significant effectiveness in promoting the wound-healing process in rats.The pathogen contraction rates exhibited positive outcomes, indicating the formulation’s potential in addressing microbial infectionsassociated with delayed wound healing.
Conclusion: This study underscores the promising therapeutic potential of the wound-healing formulation comprising honey, wheyprotein, and collagen. The observed positive effects on microbial infection and wound recovery suggest that this formulation could serveas a valuable intervention in managing delayed wound healing, particularly in conditions such as diabetes, immunosuppressive treatments, and obesity.
The burden of care among caregivers: a comparison between home care and palliative care
Authors: KURTOĞLU Yasemin
Published: December 2023

Introduction: We aimed to determine whether there is a difference in care burden, anxiety, and depression between caregivers of patients living at home and those in the palliative care unit.
Methods: The study was cross-sectional in the palliative care and home health units. The study population consisted of 1,879 patients. Different from home care, caregivers in the palliative unit were educated by the nurses on patient care during their stay in the hospital. A total of 186 caregivers were enrolled in the study. Unlike those receiving home care, caregivers of the patients in the palliative care unit received training on patient care while they were in the hospital. The care burden, anxiety, and depression levels of the caregivers in both groups were measured using the Zarit Caregiver Burden and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scales.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 51.44±12.11 years. The caregivers' mean burden and anxiety scores were higher in palliative care compared to the homecare group. Both burden and anxiety scores were significantly higher in the palliative care group (p <0.001 and p =0.031, respectively).
Conclusion: One of the distinguishing features of patients in the palliative care unit is the opportunity to provide ongoing medical support, social support, and education to the caregivers. However, the interventions at the palliative unit were not enough to compensate for the difference in the burden of care between the two groups.
MODERNIZATION OF THE SOCIAL CREDIT SYSTEM IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, POPOVA O.V. , FOKINA A.V. ,   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA
Published: December 2023

The banking system is the most important mechanism for organizing cash flows in the country, ensuring the flow of capital between its suppliers and consumers through credit mechanisms. Social credit system, the main beneficiaries of which are socially vulnerable segments of the population, involves the state as a mandatory participant in the system, which creates programs to support vulnerable segments of the population, provides budgetary funds to subsidize interest rates and compensate part of the loans, and acts as a guarantor of the sustainability of the system. The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical and methodological principles and develop scientific and practical recommendations for modernizing the social credit system in the Russian Federation. Methodology: The study is based on an integrated approach, the implementation of which involves the use of the dialectical method, as well as methods of logical and comparative analysis, deduction and induction using observation and expert questioning, thereby ensuring a high level of data reliability when processing empirical material as the basis for conclusions and proposals. Results: a conceptual conflict is established in the theoretical and methodological basis of the social credit system, and a notion and theoretical justification for this definition are proposed, allowing one to crystallize the economic essence of social credits. It is substantiated that the current social credit system in Russia focuses on the mortgage component, in which the level of paternalism is higher than the social effect from the use of budget funds. State programs to support social credit system are systematized, clarifying their conditions and impact on competition and paternalism in this area. Recommendations for modernizing the social credit system are substantiated, based on the introduction of social rating elements into the current system, developed and successfully tested in China. The author's program “Preferential Loan” is proposed, combining elements of the social credit system in force in Russia and the social rating system of the People's Republic of China. An original mechanism for modernizing social credit system in the Russian Federation has been developed, which includes the subjects of the system, the substantive aspect of the relationship between them, digital technologies and information infrastructure.
Does Financial Literacy Improve Financial Inclusion in Developing Countries? A Nonlinearity and Quantile Regression Analysis
Authors: Md Jamil Abd Rahim , Law Siong Hook , Fazli Sabri Mohamad , Afham Mohamad Khair
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the nexus between financial literacy and financial inclusion using the cross-section threshold regression model and the quantile regression technique. The sample covered 73 developing countries categorised as lower-middleincome or upper-middle-income economies. The main results of the threshold model revealed that financial literacy had no inverted U-shaped effect on financial inclusion in the sample of developing countries. This situation indicated that financial literacy had a linear or monotone relationship with financial inclusion. The quantile regression model was used to compare the findings in this investigation. The empirical result indicated that the financial literacy variable had a limited impact on the conditional distribution of financial inclusion. However, the coefficient values were much larger at high than low quantiles. This study’s results are necessary for policymakers and financial institutions to implement financial literacy programs targeted at specific behaviours and underserved populations in developing countries.
Factors Associated with Participation of Vietnamese Informal Workers in Voluntary Social Insurance Scheme
Authors: Do Thi-Thu , Long Giang Thanh-
Published: December 2023

This study estimated impacts of demographic and employment factors on the voluntary social insurance participation of Vietnamese informal workers by using data from the Labour Force Survey and Heckman’s two-step probit selection model for four groups of informal workers. The results showed that age, the highest education level, number of school-age children in household, number of household members participating in the social insurance system, job position and income level of informal workers had significant impacts on their decision to participate in the scheme. Moreover, these impacts were different for informal workers when considering their job positions. Based on the findings, this study recommended various policies considering the aforementioned characteristics of informal workers.
O papel da extensão universitária: Programa de Formação de Educadores do Campo – Formacampo
Authors: Santos Winner , Ramos dos Santos Arlete
Published: December 2023

A extensão universitária deve ser entendida como parte intrínseca da indissociabilidade entre ensino e pesquisa. Prezando pelo valor ético e político buscado pela instituição no processo educacional, permeando as atividades de ensino e aprendizagem, a acessibilidade ao conhecimento e a conectividade com os setores sociais, econômicos e estatais. O presente trabalho se desenvolve a partir de uma   pesquisa descritiva, do tipo relato de experiência, que tem como objetivo abordar sobre o “Programa Formação de Educadores do Campo- Formacampo”. Uma ação extensionista da Pró-reitora de Extensão (PROEX) da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB). O Programa Formacampo utiliza uma perspectiva crítica baseada na dialética materialista para a educação do campo. Oferecendo formação continuada aos profissionais que atuam na educação do campo, em escolas dos municípios dos territórios de identidade da Bahia. O programa é organizado a partir de questões importantes como a importância do Projeto Político pedagógico para a educação básica do campo e a possibilidade de concretização de uma concepção de educação que tem como referência um projeto educacional histórico. O Formacampo tem proporcionado uma melhor compreensão da educação no campo, ajudando na valorização da educação e promovendo um olhar diferenciado sobre o assunto. Ressaltando a Importância de considerar a divisão rural-urbana.
Educando para as relações étnico-raciais a partir de ações extensionistas voltadas para a estética negra: discutindo a ressignificação do cabelo na construção da identidade negra
Authors: Rodrigues Pessoa Amanda Raquel , Das Neves Carvalho Luciano , Matos e Silva Jadyni Ester , Gonçalves de Lira Beatriz
Published: December 2023

Fruto das ações extensionistas desenvolvidas no âmbito do Projeto de Extensão Identidade negra em ação, desenvolvido no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará- Campus Juazeiro do Norte (IFCE-JN), pelo Núcleo de Estudos Afro-brasileiros e indígenas (NEABI). Este trabalho apresenta o projeto de extensão “identidade negra em ação”, especificamente as ações desenvolvidas com foco temático na estética negra e as aprendizagens e sentidos gerados entre os participantes. Foram realizadas ações como cine-debate, ganhando a denominação de CINENEABI, rodas de conversa, oficinas, palestras e visitas técnicas. Podemos constatar as potencialidades das ações para o enfretamento e a conscientização da população sobre o racismo, estando as aprendizagens geradas ligadas a história e cultura negra e na construção de um pensamento político e ideológico em favor de uma educação antirracista, em que brancos e negros, assumem a luta como estratégia para o bem comum e a igualdade social. A execução desse projeto gerou em nós a esperança, do verbo esperançar, como diz Paulo Freire que uma sociedade antirracista é possível e é o único caminho inclusivo a seguir.
Programa de Extensão Ludoteca: um espaço de práticas interdisciplinares em educação (2003-2023) – Campus de Itapetinga
Authors: Ferraz Aline , Passos Braga Pires Ennia Débora
Published: December 2023

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Saúde e território quilombola enquanto campo de pesquisa: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: F. Moreira Agda Marina , Rodrigues Gonçalves Flora , Schall Brunah , Nacif Pimenta Denise
Published: December 2023

Neste artigo propomos identificar artigos acadêmicos que têm sido produzidos no âmbito da saúde, sob recorte da saúde quilombola enquanto modalidade específica, partindo do pressuposto de que este é um tema pouco abordado nos estudos e pesquisas do campo da Saúde Coletiva. Tal fato pode ser atribuído a fatores que vão desde a invisibilidade de quilombolas até a inclusão destes no campo mais generalizado de populações negras, desconsiderando suas especificidades e demandas. Para tanto, analisamos 99 artigos acadêmicos a respeito de suas abordagens, métodos e intervenções que têm sido desenvolvidas em territórios quilombolas de todo o país, sob distintos recortes de pesquisa. Como resultado, observamos que a saúde da população quilombola ainda não é vista enquanto uma modalidade específica, sendo seus saberes e fazeres, bem como suas relações de territorialidade.
Políticas de saúde no Brasil e México: uma abordagem histórico-comparativa
Authors: Barros Simone Regina Alves de , Lima Anacássia Fonseca de , Souza Cesário da Silva
Published: December 2023

Brasil e México são bons candidatos à análise comparativa de políticas públicas por apresentarem características estruturais semelhantes, tais quais: inserção periférica no capitalismo mundial, passado colonial, industrialização parcial e economia dependente do setor terciário, bem como concentração de renda, desigualdades sociais, susceptibilidade a crises, sendo democracias recentes com longa trajetória de regimes autoritários, golpes e instabilidade política. Para tanto, o objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma análise dos sistemas de saúde do Brasil e México, mediante uma abordagem histórico-comparativa ao longo de pouco mais de dois séculos (1808 - 2020). Assim, os resultados demonstram que as políticas de saúde dos países estudados trilharam caminhos diferentes, principalmente nas últimas décadas, mediante componentes de dependência na trajetória e persistência na estratificação social e mercantilização em saúde. Brasil e México possuem sistemas de saúde fragmentados, seja pelo forte componente privado ou pelos vulneráveis ciclos econômicos excludentes. Ao propósito, o estudo ora apresentado pode ser compreendido como um valioso instrumento para se repensar sobre concepções, serviços e práticas em saúde. Conclui-se então, que o processo de comparação contribui para uma melhor compreensão da heterogeneidade dos sistemas de saúde de ambos os países
O estresse ocupacional da enfermagem na unidade de pronto atendimento – UPA, no município de Senhor do Bonfim/BA: uma análise
Authors: Troelsen Pereira Nascimento Agnete , Fonseca Grassi Juciele
Published: December 2023

Introdução: O estudo teve como objetivo analisar e descrever os fatores estressores para a equipe de enfermagem do setor de urgência e emergência de uma unidade de pronto atendimento (UPA). Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, cujos sujeitos foram enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem. Utilizou entrevista semiestruturada, juntamente com análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin. Foi aprovada pelo CEP da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), sob parecer nº 3.531.973. Resultados: Foram elencados como fontes estressoras: excesso de trabalho; insegurança; triagem conflituosa e divergência com equipe. Os sintomas mais relatados pelos profissionais foram: algias musculares; estafa física e, mental; ansiedade e desordens gastrointestinais. Em relação aos níveis de estresse, a classe de enfermagem encontra-se imersa em graus elevados. Esses resultados se tornaram altamente significativos, diante dessa pesquisa, o que nos leva a reavaliar a saúde do trabalhador, assim como a qualidade que esses serviços estão sendo ofertados a população, e os impactos dessa temática no setor de saúde. Conclusão: Pesquisa de grande relevância, tendo em vista que nunca foi avaliado o estresse nessa classe atuante na unidade.  Isso remete às fontes estressoras o qual a enfermagem está exposta diariamente, bem como na implicação da qualidade de assistência aos pacientes. O estudo revelou a necessidade da implementação de medidas pelos gestores públicos que visem a qualidade da saúde nessa classe.
Violência doméstica e psicologia: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Medeiros Ana Paula , Cambaúva Camila Esteves , Da Silva Miranda Rose Laura
Published: December 2023

A violência doméstica corresponde um importante problema social e de saúde pública, pela sua alta ocorrência e pela gravidade de suas consequências. Este trabalho objetivou analisar como tem se dado a atuação da psicologia em relação à violência doméstica; as consequências da violência doméstica; os fatores de risco e proteção presentes; e as propostas de intervenção. Para tanto, utilizou-se a revisão de literatura integrativa. Como resultados, compreendeu-se que a literatura psicológica sobre o tema se desenvolveu a partir da teoria proposta por Freud, avançando ao longo do tempo e proporcionando um melhor entendimento sobre a forma como as dinâmicas familiares envoltas por violência se estabelecem. Verificou-se que o suporte familiar e social; a legislação; e os atendimentos das redes socioassistenciais correspondem a fatores importantes para a interrupção da violência. Constatou-se, ainda, que as consequências desta forma de violência não são restritas ao âmbito físico, atingindo também os aspectos sociais e emocionais da mulher e da família. É preciso avançar nas propostas de intervenção, fortalecendo as políticas públicas e o atendimento adequado às necessidades individuais. Faz-se necessária a realização de outras pesquisas que contribuam para uma compreensão mais ampla da temática e para a delimitação de estratégias efetivas de intervenção.
A importância do cirurgião-dentista na detecção do ateroma e prevenção do acidente vascular cerebral: revisão de literatura
Authors: Patrocinio Paty Diana Sofia , Damião Costa Denis , Teles de Assis Eduardo , Da Silva Souza Diego , Do Amor Divino de Jesus Evanice
Published: December 2023

O objetivo deste estudo foi ressaltar a importância do Cirurgião-Dentista na detecção de ateromas calcificados, através das radiografias panorâmicas solicitadas na rotina clínica. Esses achados radiográficos são relevantes no diagnóstico precoce de calcificações das artérias carótidas que podem ser indicadores de um futuro distúrbio cardiovascular. Para tanto, foi feito uma revisão de literatura com artigos na língua inglesa, na base de dados PubMed, publicados entre os anos de 2015 à 2022. Foi utilizado as palavras-chave (keywords) na língua inglesa: “atherosclerotic plaque”, “panoramic radiography”, “dental surgeon” e “diagnosis” como ferramenta de busca. O cirurgião-Dentista, ao detectar radiograficamente a calcificação das artérias carótidas, pode identificar o paciente com risco de doença coronariana e encaminha-lo para intervenções adicionais com intuito de evitar eventos adversos que podem ser fatais ou incapacitantes, como os acidentes vasculares cerebrais.
Assessment of diurnal urban heat island (UHI) intensity in microclimatic urban environment using Local climate zone classification approach -AGU23 Fall Meeting
Authors: Mishra Ashish , Arya Dhyan Singh
Published: December 2023

Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects have significant implications on the
microclimatic conditions in urban environments, impacting human health,
energy consumption, and overall urban planning. This study aims to
assess the diurnal intensity of UHI in a microclimatic urban setting by
adopting the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification approach. We
utilized a combination of remote sensing data, ground-based
measurements, and LCZ classification to analyze the temporal and spatial
variation of UHI intensity throughout the day and night. The study area,
Dehradun city, a densely populated urban area situated in the valley
region of Himalayas, exhibited diverse LCZs, including compact low-rise,
dense trees, and open spaces. Using satellite-derived land surface
temperature (LST) data and hourly in-situ measurements, we quantified
the UHI effect during daytime and nighttime hours. The results revealed
distinct diurnal patterns of UHI intensity among different LCZs, with
peak intensity occurring during late afternoon and early evening hours.
Furthermore, we investigated the impact of vegetation and built-up
characteristics on UHI variation, highlighting the cooling effect of
green spaces and the amplifying effect of impervious surfaces. This
research contributes to a better understanding of microclimatic urban
environments and their relation to UHI dynamics, providing valuable
insights for urban planners, policymakers, and researchers aiming to
mitigate heat-related issues and promote sustainable urban development.
The findings underscore the importance of considering local land-use
patterns and urban morphology when assessing and managing UHI effects.
Rapid degassing in basaltic sills as a source of Deep Long Period volcanic earthquakes
Authors: Melnik Oleg , Lyakhovsky Vladimir , Shapiro Nikolai M.
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we present numerical modeling aimed to explain Deep Long
Period (DLP) events occurring in middle-to-lower crust beneath volcanoes
and often observed in association with volcanic eruptions or their
precursors. We consider a DLP generating mechanism caused by the rapid
growth of gas bubbles in response to the slow decompression of
H\textsubscript{2}O–CO\textsubscript{2}
over-saturated magma. The nucleation and rapid growth of gas bubbles
lead to rapid pressure change in the magma and elastic rebound of the
host rocks, radiating seismic waves recorded as DLP events. The magma
and host rocks are modeled as Maxwell bodies with different relaxation
times and elastic moduli. Simulations of a single sill-shaped intrusion
with different parameters demonstrate that realistic amplitudes and
frequencies of P and S seismic waves can be obtained when considering
intrusions with linear sizes of the order of 100 m. We then consider a
case of two closely located sills and model their interaction. We
speculate on conditions that can result in consecutive triggering of the
bubble growth in multiple closely located batches of magma, leading to
the generation of earthquake swarms or seismic tremors.
Data-Driven Parameterization for A Subgrid-Scale Model: Methods for Improving Model Efficiency
Authors: Zhu Xingyu , Shi Xiaoming
Published: December 2023

Data-driven parameterization schemes have gained much attention in the
field of atmospheric science nowadays. We design an ideal case using the
Barotropic Vorticity Equation (BVE) model with periodic shear forcing
and a deep learning (DL) model. The trained BVE model can greatly
improve its initial forecast lead time with the data-driven
parameterization scheme. However, the challenge is the significant
amount of time required to employ the model, which is a hurdle for
practical applications. Thus, this research aims at enhancing the
model’s efficiency while minimizing any negative impact on its
performance. Here we propose three methods, compressing the amount of
model parameters (CNNhk), compressing the amount of training data (SGM),
and combining both of them (CFS). Through these three methods and
utilizing the solver-in-the-loop (SOL) method, we successfully reduce
the model’s runtime while preserving its initial performance. By
improving the effectiveness of our model, we believe it can contribute
to the development of more efficient data-driven parameterization
schemes and inspire further explorations.
An Improved Pattern Informatics Method for Extracting Ionospheric Disturbances Related to Seismicity Based on CSES Data: A Case Study of the Mw 7.3 Maduo Earthquake
Authors: Tian Weixi , Zhang Yongxian , Ju Changhui , Zhang Shengfeng , Feng Maoning , Liu Fengli
Published: December 2023

The exploration of multi-layer coupling mechanisms between earthquakes
and the ionosphere is crucial for utilizing ionospheric precursors in
earthquake prediction. A significant research task involves continuously
tracking the spatio-temporal changes in ionospheric parameters,
acquiring comprehensive seismic anomaly information, and capturing
“deterministic” precursor anomalies. Building upon previous research
on seismic ionospheric signal characteristics and data from the China
Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), we have enhanced the Pattern
Informatics(PI) Method and proposed an Improved Pattern Informatics(IPI)
Method. The IPI method enables the calculation of the spatio-temporal
dynamics of electronic density anomalies detected by the CSES satellite.
Taking the 2021 Maduo Mw7.3 earthquake as a case study, we analyzed the
seismic signals potentially contained in the electronic density anomaly
disturbances. The results show that: 1) Compared to original electronic
density images, the IPI method-derived models extracted distinct
electronic density anomaly signals, regardless of the data collected
whether during descending (daytime) or ascending (nighttime) orbits, or
across different time scales of change window. 2) The electronic density
anomalies appeared about 40 days prior to the Maduo Mw7.3 earthquake.
The evolution of these anomalies followed a pattern of appearance,
persistence, disappearance, re-emergence, and final disappearance.
Moreover, the evolution trends of the IPI hotspot images calculated from
descending and ascending orbit data were similar. These results suggest
that the IPI method can capture the spatio-temporal trends of
ionospheric parameters and effectively extract electronic precursors
related to strong earthquakes.
Investigating the Effect of Snow-Ice Formation on Snow Depth and Density over Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Merkouriadi Ioanna , Liston Glen , Jutila Arttu , Sallila Heidi , Preußer Andreas
Published: December 2023

We examined the effect of snow-ice formation on SnowModel-LG snow depth
and density products. We coupled SnowModel-LG, a modeling system adapted
for snow depth and density reconstruction over sea ice, with HIGHTSI, a
1-D thermodynamic sea ice model, to create SnowModel-LG_HS. Pan-Arctic
model simulations spanned from 1 August 1980 through 31 July 2022. In
SnowModel-LG_HS, domain average snow depth decreased by 20%, and snow
density increased by 2% when compared to SnowModel-LG, with largest
differences in the Atlantic sector. Averaged across the CryoSat-2 era
(2011–2022), domain average April sea ice thickness retrievals from
CryoSat-2 decreased by 7.7% when snow-ice was accounted for. Evaluation
of SnowModel-LG HS against snow depth, snow-ice, and sea ice thickness
observations highlighted the importance of snow redistribution over
deformed sea ice. The findings suggest that neglecting snow and sea ice
interactions in models can lead to substantial overestimation of snow
depth over level ice.
A Novel Machine Learning Approach for Cotton Yield Prediction
Authors: Mitra Alakananda , Beegum Sahila , Fleisher David , Reddy Vangimalla R , Sun Wenguang , Ray Chittaranjan , Timlin Dennis , Malakar Arindam
Published: December 2023

Cotton production in the United States has reduced since 1950. The U.S.
cotton industry is committed to sustainable cotton production practices
that reduce water, land, and energy usage and soil loss while improving
soil health and cotton yield. Various climate-smart agriculture
strategies have been planned that boost yields and may lower operating
costs. Cultivars, soil types, management strategies, pests and diseases,
climate, and weather patterns impact crops in complex and nonlinear ways
and make crop yield prediction difficult. This is where machine learning
(ML) comes in. In this work (Fig.1), we aim to accurately predict cotton
yield using an ML method incorporating the effects of climate change,
soil variety, cultivars, and the nitrogen from NH,
NO, and Urea. Two types of cotton yield data—field
data and synthetic data—were used. The field data was collected in the
1980s and early 1990s across the southern cotton belt. The dataset
consisted of different soil types, cultivars, and amounts of nitrogen.
However, these data do not reflect the most recent effects of climate
change over the past few years. To address this issue, six years of
cotton yield data were generated using the process-based cotton model,
GOSSYM. This dataset helps train the ML algorithm with the climate
change effect and more precisely predict cotton yield. We concentrated
on three southern states: Texas, Mississippi, and Georgia. For each
state, three different locations in the cotton-producing counties were
chosen. Weather data from 2017 to 2022 for each location were generated
using the POWER Data Access Viewer web interface. The same planting and
harvest dates were selected for all cases. For each case, the
accumulated heat unit (AHU) was calculated from the weather data and
used as one of the inputs to the ML model. Instead of applying time
series weather data, calculating AHU simplified the scenario, and we
were able to reduce the number of computations. Soil types, cultivars,
and amounts of nitrogen were varied to create combinations of inputs
likely to correspond to the range of farm input factors currently being
experienced in these locations. We then developed a Random Forest
Regressor to predict the yield. The results show the use of this method
is highly accurate (~89%), with
R averaging around 0.82 and a root mean square error
of 117.03 kg/ha.
Disentangling Carbon Concentration Changes Along Pathways of North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water
Authors: Reijnders Daan , Bakker Dorothee C. E. , Sebille Erik Van
Published: December 2023

North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water (NASTMW) serves as a major conduit
for dissolved carbon to penetrate into the ocean interior by its
wintertime outcropping events. Prior research on NASTMW has concentrated
on its physical formation and destruction, as well as Lagrangian
pathways and timescales of water into and out of NASTMW. In this study,
we examine how dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations are
modified along Lagrangian pathways of NASTMW on subannual timescales. We
introduce Lagrangian parcels into a physical-biogeochemical model and
release these parcels annually over two decades. For different pathways
into, out of, and within NASTMW, we calculate changes in DIC
concentrations along the path (ΔDIC), distinguishing contributions from
vertical mixing and biological processes. Subduction leaves the most
distinctive fingerprint on DIC concentrations (+101 µmol/L in one year),
followed by export out of NASTMW due to densification (+10 µmol/L). Most
DIC enrichment and depletion regimes span timescales of less than
~30 days, related to algal blooms. However, varying
physical and biological processes often oppose one another at short
timescales, so the largest net DIC changes occur at timescales of more
than 30 days. While the mean ΔDIC for parcels that persist within NASTMW
in one year is relatively small at +6 µmol/L, this masks underlying
complexity: individual parcels undergo interspersed DIC depletion and
enrichment, spanning several timescales and magnitudes. Since biological
and physical processes both strongly influence DIC concentrations in
NASTMW, refining process understanding and models of both domains is
important for accurate projections of carbon cycling and sequestration.
Properties of Mars' Dayside Low-Altitude Induced Magnetic Field and Comparisons with Venus
Authors: Byrd Susanne , Girazian Zachary , Ruhunusiri Suranga
Published: December 2023

Mars and Venus have atmospheres but lack large-scale intrinsic magnetic
fields. Consequently, the solar wind interaction at each planet results
in the formation of an induced magnetosphere. Our work aims to compare
the low-altitude (< 250 km) component of the induced magnetic
field at Venus and Mars using observations from Pioneer Venus Orbiter
(PVO) and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN). The
observations from Mars are restricted to regions of weak crustal
magnetism. At Venus, it has long been known the vertical structure of
the induced magnetic field profiles have recurring features that enable
them to be classified as either magnetized or unmagnetized. We find the
induced field profiles at Mars are more varied, lack recurring features,
and are unable to be classified in the same way. The solar zenith angle
dependence of the low-altitude field strength at both planets is
controlled by the shape of the magnetic pileup boundary. Also, because
the ionospheric thermal pressure at Venus is often comparable to the
solar wind dynamic pressure, the induced fields are weaker than required
to balance the solar wind by themselves. By contrast, induced fields at
Mars are stronger than required to achieve pressure balance. Lastly, we
find the induced fields in the magnetized ionosphere of Venus have a
weaker dependence on solar wind dynamic pressure than the induced fields
at Mars. Our results point to planetary properties, such as planet-Sun
distance, having a major effect on the properties of induced fields at
nonmagentized planets.
Chronology of sedimentation and landscape evolution in the Okavango Rift Zone, a developing young rift in southern Africa
Authors: Vainer Shlomy , Schmidt Christoph , Garzanti Eduardo , Dor Yoav Ben , Pastore Guido , Mokatze Thuto , Prud'homme Charlotte , Léanni Laëtitia , King Georgina , Verrecchia Eric
Published: December 2023

The Kalahari Basin in southern Africa, shaped by subsidence and
epeirogeny, features the Okavango Rift Zone (ORZ) as a significant
structural element characterized by diffused extensional deformation
forming a prominent depocenter. This study elucidates the Pleistocene
landscape evolution of the ORZ by examining the chronology of sediment
formation and filling this incipient rift and its surroundings.

Modeling of cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in surficial eolian sand
from distinct structural blocks around the ORZ provides insights into
sand’s residence time on the surface. Sand formation occurred from
~2.2 to 1.1 Ma, coinciding with regional tectonic
events. Notably, provenance analyses of sand within ORZ’s lowermost
block where large alluvial fans are found indicate different source
rocks and depositional environments than those of the more elevated
eolian sand. This suggests that the major phase of rift subsidence and
the following incision of alluvial systems into the rift occurred after
eolian dune formation. Luminescence dating reveals that deposition in
alluvial fan settings in the incised landscape began not later than
~250 ka, and that a lacustrine environment existed since
at least ~140 ka.

The established chronological framework constrains the geomorphological
effects of the different tectono-climatic forces that shaped this
nascent rifting area. It highlights two pronounced stages of landscape
development, with the most recent major deformation event in the
evolving rift probably occurring during the middle Pleistocene
transition (1.2-0.75 Ma). This event is reflected as a striking change
in the depositional environments due to the configurational changes
accompanying rift progression.
Tire Performance and Testing under Longitudinal and Combined Slip States: Induced vs Resultant Wheel-Related Slip
Authors: Yordanov Ventseslav , Harris Mark , Bachmann Christian , Sedlan Konstantin
Published: December 2023

Tires influence many overall vehicle characteristics, including safety, performance, comfort, and handling. Testing is needed to characterize tires for the selection of original equipment manufacturers submissions as well as for the development of other suspension and chassis components. The reality that tire responses are highly nonlinear and change significantly with temperature, wear, and surface pairing makes testing to adequately characterize tires for vehicle development difficult. Furthermore, achieving robust, repeatable braking and driving measurements is particularly challenging. Unlike cornering tests, the test rig input is directly opposed to the tire response vector. Moreover, using an estimated parameter (e.g., slip ratio) as a control value prohibits a clear distinction between the linear test rig input and the nonlinear tire response. In this paper, the influence of the wheel-related slip control on tire performance under longitudinal and combined slip conditions is investigated. Two different tire types are measured in a laboratory environment on an MTS Flat-Trac CT+ tire test rig. A variety of test procedures are used to consider the influence of slip and torque rates under different operating conditions (e.g., wheel loads). A recommendation is given for a low-wear and cost-efficient testing methodology for an improved assessment of tire longitudinal and combined slip characteristics by using a linear test rig input.