bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing Multifactorial Risk Assessment with Polygenic Risk Scores for Personalized Breast Cancer Screening in the Population Setting: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Walker Meghan J. , Blackmore Kristina M. , Chang Amy , Lambert-Côté Laurence , Turgeon Annie , Antoniou Antonis C. , Bell Kathleen A. , Broeders Mireille J. M. , Brooks Jennifer D. , Carver Tim , Chiquette Jocelyne , Després Philippe , Easton Douglas F. , Eisen Andrea , Eloy Laurence , Evans D. Gareth , Fienberg Samantha , Joly Yann , Kim Raymond H. , Kim Shana J. , Knoppers Bartha M. , Lofters Aisha K. , Nabi Hermann , Paquette Jean-Sébastien , Pashayan Nora , Sheppard Amanda J. , Stockley Tracy L. , Dorval Michel , Simard Jacques , Chiarelli Anna M.
Published: June 2024

Risk-stratified breast screening has been proposed as a strategy to overcome the limitations of age-based screening. A prospective cohort study was undertaken within the PERSPECTIVE I&I project, which will generate the first Canadian evidence on multifactorial breast cancer risk assessment in the population setting to inform the implementation of risk-stratified screening. Recruited females aged 40–69 unaffected by breast cancer, with a previous mammogram, underwent multifactorial breast cancer risk assessment. The adoption of multifactorial risk assessment, the effectiveness of methods for collecting risk factor information and the costs of risk assessment were examined. Associations between participant characteristics and study sites, as well as data collection methods, were assessed using logistic regression; all p-values are two-sided. Of the 4246 participants recruited, 88.4% completed a risk assessment, with 79.8%, 15.7% and 4.4% estimated at average, higher than average and high risk, respectively. The total per-participant cost for risk assessment was CAD 315. Participants who chose to provide risk factor information on paper/telephone (27.2%) vs. online were more likely to be older (p = 0.021), not born in Canada (p = 0.043), visible minorities (p = 0.01) and have a lower attained education (p < 0.0001) and perceived fair/poor health (p < 0.001). The 34.4% of participants requiring risk factor verification for missing/unusual values were more likely to be visible minorities (p = 0.009) and have a lower attained education (p ≤ 0.006). This study demonstrates the feasibility of risk assessment for risk-stratified screening at the population level. Implementation should incorporate an equity lens to ensure cancer-screening disparities are not widened.
Insights into MLH1 Methylation in Endometrial Adenocarcinoma through Pyrosequencing Analysis: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Silva Fábio França Vieira e , Ballini Andrea , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Pérez-Sayáns Mario , Cortés Marina Gándara , Rojo-Álvarez Laura Isabel , García-García Abel , Suaréz-Peñaranda José Manuel , Di Domenico Marina , Padín-Iruegas María Elena
Published: June 2024

Background: In cancer care, the MLH1 gene is crucial for DNA mismatch repair (MMR), serving as a vital tumor suppressor. Evaluating MLH1 protein expression status, followed by analysis of MLH1 promoter methylation, has become a key diagnostic and prognostic approach. Our study investigates the complex link between MLH1 methylation and prognosis in endometrial adenocarcinoma (EA) patients. Methodology: MLH1 methylation status was accessed by a Pyrosequencing (PSQ) assay. Qualitative positivity for methylation was established if it exceeded the 11% cut-off; as well, a quantitative methylation analysis was conducted to establish correlations with clinicopathological data, relapse-free survival, and disease-free survival. Results: Our study revealed that 33.3% of patients without MLH1 methylation experienced relapses, surpassing the 23.3% in patients with methylation. Furthermore, 16.7% of patients without methylation succumbed to death, with a slightly higher rate of 17.6% in methylated patients. Qualitative comparisons highlighted that the mean methylation rate in patients experiencing relapse was 35.8%, whereas in those without relapse, it was 42.2%. This pattern persisted in disease-specific survival (DSS), where deceased patients exhibited a higher mean methylation level of 49.1% compared to living patients with 38.8%. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the efficacy of PSQ for evaluating MLH1 methylation. While unmethylation appears to be associated with a higher relapse rate, the survival rate does not seem to be influenced by methylation. Quantitative percentages suggest that elevated MLH1 methylation is linked to relapse and mortality, though a study with a larger sample size would be essential for statistically significant results.
The Role of MRI in Breast Cancer and Breast Conservation Therapy
Authors: Washington Iman , Palm Russell F. , White Julia , Rosenberg Stephen A. , Ataya Dana
Published: June 2024

Contrast-enhanced breast MRI has an established role in aiding in the detection, evaluation, and management of breast cancer. This article discusses MRI sequences, the clinical utility of MRI, and how MRI has been evaluated for use in breast radiotherapy treatment planning. We highlight the contribution of MRI in the decision-making regarding selecting appropriate candidates for breast conservation therapy and review the emerging role of MRI-guided breast radiotherapy.
Stratification of Homologous Recombination Deficiency-Negative High-Grade Ovarian Cancer by the Type of Peritoneal Spread into Two Groups with Distinct Survival Outcomes
Authors: Schnaiter Simon , Schamschula Esther , Laschtowiczka Juliane , Fiegl Heidelinde , Zschocke Johannes , Zeimet Alain , Wimmer Katharina , Reimer Daniel
Published: June 2024

Background: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) has evolved into a major diagnostic marker in high-grade ovarian cancer (HGOC), predicting the response to poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) and also platinum-based therapy. In addition to HRD, the type of peritoneal tumor spread influences the treatment response and patient survival; miliary type tumor spread has a poorer predicted outcome than non-miliary type tumor spread. Methods: Known methods for HRD assessment were adapted for our technical requirements and the predictive-value integrated genomic instability score (PIGIS) for HRD assessment evolved as an outcome. PIGIS was validated in HGOC samples from 122 patients. We used PIGIS to analyze whether the type of tumor spread correlated with HRD status and whether this had an impact on survival. Results: We demonstrated that PIGIS can discriminate HRD-positive from HRD-negative samples. Tumors with a miliary tumor spread are HRD-negative and have a very bad prognosis with a progression-free survival (PFS) of 15.6 months and an overall survival (OS) of 3.9 years. However, HRD-negative non-miliary spreading tumors in our cohort had a much better prognosis (PFS 35.4 months, OS 8.9 years); similar to HRD-positive tumors (PFS 34.7 months, OS 8.9 years). Conclusions: Our results indicate that in a predominantly PARPi naïve cohort, the type of tumor spread and concomitant cytoreduction efficiency is a better predictor of survival than HRD and that HRD may be an accidental surrogate marker for tumor spread and concomitant cytoreduction efficiency. It remains to be determined whether this also applies for sensitivity to PARPi.
Administration of Human-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Activates Locally Stimulated Endogenous Neural Progenitors and Reduces Neurological Dysfunction in Mice after Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Fujiwara Shuichi , Nakano-Doi Akiko , Sawano Toshinori , Kubo Shuji , Doe Nobutaka , Nakagomi Takayuki
Published: June 2024

Increasing evidence shows that the administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising option for various brain diseases, including ischemic stroke. Studies have demonstrated that MSC transplantation after ischemic stroke provides beneficial effects, such as neural regeneration, partially by activating endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in conventional neurogenic zones, such as the subventricular and subgranular zones. However, whether MSC transplantation regulates the fate of injury-induced NSPCs (iNSPCs) regionally activated at injured regions after ischemic stroke remains unclear. Therefore, mice were subjected to ischemic stroke, and mCherry-labeled human MSCs (h-MSCs) were transplanted around the injured sites of nestin–GFP transgenic mice. Immunohistochemistry of brain sections revealed that many GFP+ cells were observed around the grafted sites rather than in the regions in the subventricular zone, suggesting that transplanted mCherry+ h-MSCs stimulated GFP+ locally activated endogenous iNSPCs. In support of these findings, coculture studies have shown that h-MSCs promoted the proliferation and neural differentiation of iNSPCs extracted from ischemic areas. Furthermore, pathway analysis and gene ontology analysis using microarray data showed that the expression patterns of various genes related to self-renewal, neural differentiation, and synapse formation were changed in iNSPCs cocultured with h-MSCs. We also transplanted h-MSCs (5.0 × 104 cells/µL) transcranially into post-stroke mouse brains 6 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Compared with phosphate-buffered saline-injected controls, h-MSC transplantation displayed significantly improved neurological functions. These results suggest that h-MSC transplantation improves neurological function after ischemic stroke in part by regulating the fate of iNSPCs.
From Environment to Gene Expression: Epigenetic Methylations and One-Carbon Metabolism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Hernan-Godoy Marina , Rouaux Caroline
Published: June 2024

The etiology of the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is complex and considered multifactorial. The majority of ALS cases are sporadic, but familial cases also exist. Estimates of heritability range from 8% to 61%, indicating that additional factors beyond genetics likely contribute to ALS. Numerous environmental factors are considered, which may add up and synergize throughout an individual’s lifetime building its unique exposome. One level of integration between genetic and environmental factors is epigenetics, which results in alterations in gene expression without modification of the genome sequence. Methylation reactions, targeting DNA or histones, represent a large proportion of epigenetic regulations and strongly depend on the availability of methyl donors provided by the ubiquitous one-carbon (1C) metabolism. Thus, understanding the interplay between exposome, 1C metabolism, and epigenetic modifications will likely contribute to elucidating the mechanisms underlying altered gene expression related to ALS and to developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Here, we review evidence for 1C metabolism alterations and epigenetic methylation dysregulations in ALS, with a focus on the impairments reported in neural tissues, and discuss these environmentally driven mechanisms as the consequences of cumulative exposome or late environmental hits, but also as the possible result of early developmental defects.
Interleukin-8/CXCR1 Signaling Contributes to the Progression of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Resulting in Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Chang Yi-Ming , Huang Wen-Yen , Yang Shih-Hsien , Jan Chia-Ing , Nieh Shin , Lin Yaoh-Shiang , Chen Su-Feng , Lin Yu-Chun
Published: June 2024

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PADC) treatment limited efficacy in preventing tumor progression, often resulting in malignant pleural effusion (MPE). MPE is filled with various mediators, especially interleukin-8 (IL-8). However, the role of IL-8 and its signaling mechanism within the fluid microenvironment (FME) implicated in tumor progression warrants further investigation. Primary cultured cells from samples of patients with MPE from PADC, along with a commonly utilized lung cancer cell line, were employed to examine the role of IL-8 and its receptor, CXCR1, through comparative analysis. Our study primarily assessed migration and invasion capabilities, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. Additionally, IL-8 levels in MPE fluid versus serum, along with immunohistochemical expression of IL-8/CXCR1 signaling in tumor tissue and cell blocks were analyzed. IL-8/CXCR1 overexpression enhanced EMT and CSC properties. Furthermore, the immunocytochemical examination of 17 cell blocks from patients with PADC and MPE corroborated the significant correlation between upregulated IL-8 and CXCR1 expression and the co-expression of IL-8 and CXCR1 in MPE with distant metastasis. In summary, the IL-8/ CXCR1 axis in FME is pivotal to tumor promotion via paracrine and autocrine signaling. Our study provides a therapeutic avenue for improving the prognosis of PADC patients with MPE.
Combining PDMS Composite and Plasmonic Solid Chemosensors: Dual Determination of Ammonium and Hydrogen Sulfide as Biomarkers in a Saliva Single Test
Authors: Monforte-Gómez Belen , Mallorca-Cebriá Sergio , Molins-Legua Carmen , Campíns-Falcó Pilar
Published: June 2024

In recent years, in the field of bioanalysis, the use of saliva as a biological fluid for the determination of biomarkers has been proposed. Saliva analysis stands out for its simplicity and non-invasive sampling. This paper proposes a method for the dual determination of ammonium and hydrogen sulfur in saliva using two colorimetric chemosensors. The ammonia reacts with 1,2-Naftoquinone 4 sulphonic acid (NQS) entrapped in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the hydrogen sulfide with AgNPs retained in a nylon membrane. The color changed from orange to brown in the case of ammonia chemosensors and from yellow to brown in the H2S. The experimental conditions to be tested have been established. Both analytes have been determined from their gaseous form; these are ammonia from ammonium and hydrogen sulfur from hydrogen sulfur. Good figures of merit have been obtained by using both measuring strategies (reflectance diffuse and digitalized images). The acquired results show that both sensors can be used and provide good selectivity and sensitivity for the determination of these biomarkers in saliva. Both measurement strategies have provided satisfactory results for the real saliva samples (n = 15). Recoveries on spiked samples were between 70% and 100%. This methodology can lead to possible in situ diagnosis and monitoring of certain diseases and pathologies related with NH4+ and/or H2S, in a fast, simple, cheap and non-invasive way.
Management of Pediatric Solid Organ Injuries
Authors: Lyttle Bailey D. , Williams Regan F. , Stylianos Steven
Published: June 2024

Solid organ injury (SOI) is common in children who experience abdominal trauma, and the management of such injuries has evolved significantly over the past several decades. In 2000, the American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) published the first societal guidelines for the management of blunt spleen and/or liver injury (BLSI), advocating for optimized resource utilization while maintaining patient safety. Nonoperative management (NOM) has become the mainstay of treatment for SOI, and since the publication of the APSA guidelines, numerous groups have evaluated how invasive procedures, hospitalization, and activity restrictions may be safely minimized in children with SOI. Here, we review the current evidence-based management guidelines in place for the treatment of injuries to the spleen, liver, kidney, and pancreas in children, including initial evaluation, inpatient management, and long-term care, as well as gaps that exist in the current literature that may be targeted for further optimization of protocols for pediatric SOI.
Lung Diseases and Rare Disorders: Is It a Lysosomal Storage Disease? Differential Diagnosis, Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Management
Authors: Montanari Chiara , Tagi Veronica Maria , D’Auria Enza , Guaia Vincenzo , Di Gallo Anna , Ghezzi Michele , Verduci Elvira , Fiori Laura , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo
Published: June 2024

Pulmonologists may be involved in managing pulmonary diseases in children with complex clinical pictures without a diagnosis. Moreover, they are routinely involved in the multidisciplinary care of children with rare diseases, at baseline and during follow-up, for lung function monitoring. Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of genetic diseases characterised by a specific lysosomal enzyme deficiency. Despite varying pathogen and organ involvement, they are linked by the pathological accumulation of exceeding substrates, leading to cellular toxicity and subsequent organ damage. Less severe forms of LSDs can manifest during childhood or later in life, sometimes being underdiagnosed. Respiratory impairment may stem from different pathogenetic mechanisms, depending on substrate storage in bones, with skeletal deformity and restrictive pattern, in bronchi, with obstructive pattern, in lung interstitium, with altered alveolar gas exchange, and in muscles, with hypotonia. This narrative review aims to outline different pulmonary clinical findings and a diagnostic approach based on key elements for differential diagnosis in some treatable LSDs like Gaucher disease, Acid Sphingomyelinase deficiency, Pompe disease and Mucopolysaccharidosis. Alongside their respiratory clinical aspects, which might overlap, we will describe radiological findings, lung functional patterns and associated symptoms to guide pediatric pulmonologists in differential diagnosis. The second part of the paper will address follow-up and management specifics. Recent evidence suggests that new therapeutic strategies play a substantial role in preventing lung involvement in early-treated patients and enhancing lung function and radiological signs in others. Timely diagnosis, driven by clinical suspicion and diagnostic workup, can help in treating LSDs effectively.
Management of Chondroblastoma in Pediatric Patients: 21 Years of Single-Center Experience
Authors: Tosyalı Hakan Koray , Kaya Hüseyin , Kececi Burcin , Sabah Dündar
Published: June 2024

Background: Chondroblastoma (CB), a rare benign bone tumor that produces chondrocytes, often develops in the epiphysis or apophysis of children and young adults. The treatment of these rare tumors is complex. The standard treatment protocol involves curettage with local adjuvants and bone graft or cement application. The authors examined 38 CBs to determine risk factors for local recurrence, complications, and functional outcomes following epiphyseal curettage. Methods: Twenty-two girls and sixteen boys aged 10 to 17 years with histologically confirmed chondroblastoma who arrived at our hospital between January 2000 and June 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical data, radiographic images, histological results, treatment, functional outcomes, and the local recurrence rate were examined—surgical treatment involved total tumor curettage, followed by bone grafting and adjuvant techniques. Local recurrences have also been reported. Results: The most frequently affected site was the proximal femur. Sites of involvement included the proximal femur in 10 (26.3%) cases, the proximal tibia in 8 (20.8%), the humerus in 5 cases (13.2%), the distal tibia in 4 cases (10.5%), the distal femur in 3 cases (7.9%), the supracetabular region in 3 cases (7.9%), the talus in 1 case (2.6%), the calcaneus in 1 case (2.6%), the scapula in 1 case (2.6%), the lumbar spine in 1 case (2.6%), and the iliac bone in 1 (2.6%) patient. The mean follow-up was 144.2 months (24 to 276). The local recurrence rate was 7.9%. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was 28.3 points (17 to 30). The mean duration of symptoms at presentation was 5.8 (range, 1 to 28) months. Conclusion: Aggressive curettage and bone grafting resulted in local control and good outcomes in most pediatric patients. In a relatively small proportion of cases, long-term complications and recurrence can occur due to growth plate damage and late diagnosis. In patients admitted to the pediatric clinic with pain, which is often accompanied by localized edema and joint effusion, early detection via advanced radiological scans (X-ray, CT, or MRI) may prevent delays in diagnosis.
Association of Antenatal Corticosteroids with Neonatal Outcomes among Very Preterm Infants Born to Mothers with Clinical Chorioamnionitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Qingqing , Wang Yanchen , Huang Ying , Zhu Wei , Jiang Siyuan , Gu Xinyue , Sun Jianhua , Lee Shoo K. , Zhou Wenhao , Zhuang Deyi , Cao Yun ,   on behalf of Chinese Neonatal Network
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of ACS with neonatal outcomes among very preterm infants born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis in China. This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Study participants included infants born at <32 weeks’ gestation with clinical chorioamnionitis and registered in the Chinese Neonatal Network from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. Infants were divided into two groups: any amount of ACS or no administration of ACS. Multivariable generalized linear models using generalized estimating equations were used to assess the association between ACS and neonatal outcomes among the study population. We identified 2193 infants eligible for this study; 1966 (89.6%) infants had received ACS therapy, and 227 (10.4%) had not received any ACS therapy. Among very preterm infants born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis, any ACS usage was significantly associated with decreased risks of early death (aRR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32, 0.99) and severe ROP (aRR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28, 0.93) after adjustment for maternal hypertension, gestational age at birth, Caesarean section, being inborn, and administration of systemic antibiotics to the mother within 24 h before birth. In addition, out of the 2193 infants, the placentas of 1931 infants underwent pathological examination with recorded results. Subsequently, 1490 of these cases (77.2%) were diagnosed with histological chorioamnionitis. In 1490 cases of histologic chorioamnionitis, any ACS usage was significantly related to decreased risks of overall mortality (aRR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31, 0.87), severe ROP (aRR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25, 0.97), and respiratory distress syndrome (aRR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31, 0.87). We concluded that any ACS was associated with reduced risks for neonatal early death and severe ROP among very preterm infants born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis.
Assessment of Rural Flood Risk and Factors Influencing Household Flood Risk Perception in the Haut-Bassins Region of Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Sougué Madou , Merz Bruno , Nacanabo Amadé , Yangouliba Gnibga Issoufou , Pouye Ibrahima , Sogbedji Jean Mianikpo , Zougmoré François
Published: June 2024

In the past two decades, several floods have affected people and their properties in Burkina Faso, with unprecedented flooding occurring in Ouagadougou in September 2009. So far, most studies have focused on Ouagadougou and surrounding localities and have paid little attention to other flood-prone regions in Burkina Faso. Consequently, there is a data and knowledge gap regarding flood risk in the Haut-Bassins region, which in turn hinders the development of mitigation strategies and risk reduction measures in affected communities. This study demonstrates how data collected at the household level can be used to understand flood risk and its components at the village level in this data-scarce region. Using an indicator-based method, we analyzed both flood risk and flood risk perception at the village level. Moreover, we determined the factors influencing flood risk perception at the household level using an ordered logit model. We found that 12 out of the 14 villages in our sample group had experienced high levels of flood risk. The management of runoff from the nearest urban areas as well as poorly designed civil engineering infrastructures, such as roads, were highlighted by households as significant factors that increased their vulnerability. Additionally, we found that the perceived flood risk consistently exceeds the estimated flood risk, with an insignificant positive correlation between both risk indices. Regression results indicate that flood risk perception is mainly influenced by informational and behavioral factors of households. The findings of this study can provide valuable information to municipal and regional authorities involved in disaster risk management within the study area. Moreover, our/this method is transferable to other data-scarce regions.
Silk Fibroin Self-Assembly at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Milyaeva Olga Yu. , Akentiev Alexander V. , Bykov Alexey G. , Miller Reinhard , Rafikova Anastasiya R. , Rotanova Kseniya Yu. , Noskov Boris A.
Published: June 2024

Amphiphilic silk fibroin (SF) forms stable adsorption layers at the air–water interface. The range of the investigated protein concentrations can be divided into two parts according to the peculiarities of the surface layer properties. At protein concentrations from 0.0005 to 0.01 mg/mL, the dynamic surface elasticity monotonically increases with the concentration and surface age and reaches values of up to 220 mN/m. In this range, the adsorption layer compression leads to a fast increase of the surface pressure. In the second part (>0.01 mg/mL), the surface elasticity decreases again and the kinetic dependences of the film thickness and adsorbed amount change only a little. In this case, the layer compression leads only to a slight increase of the surface pressure. These two types of behavior can be attributed to the distinctions in the protein aggregation in the surface layer. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigations of the layers transferred from the liquid surface onto a mica surface by the Langmuir–Schaefer method show some peculiarities of the layer morphology in the intermediate concentration range (~0.02 mg/mL).
Nanotechnology for Effective Epilation: Assessment of the Application of a Protease-Containing Microemulsion
Authors: Skórka Monika , Gahrtz Manfred , Chatzidaki Maria D. , Xenakis Aristotelis , Whitfield Thomas
Published: June 2024

Background: Epilation is a very effective way to remove unwanted hair because of its long-lasting effects. However, there are some disadvantages such as pain during the procedure, the possibility of ingrown hairs and perifollicular inflammation. In the present study, we investigated whether a protease-containing post-epilation microemulsion is effective in improving epilation performance and alleviating the above problems. Methods: The application characteristics and effects of the tested microemulsion were evaluated during and after three applications in 30 female volunteers. This was conducted by measuring hair density, assessing hair strength, and evaluating the subjective experience of the volunteers using a questionnaire. Results: The measurements showed that after three applications, the apparent hair density in the axilla was reduced from 43.89 ± 12.44 hairs/cm2 to 16.67 ± 6.61 hairs/cm2 (p < 0.0001). In general, volunteers observed a reduced hair regrowth rate, resulting in longer epilation intervals, and more soothed and moisturized skin. Volunteers who previously experienced ingrown hairs or perifollicular inflammation reported the absence or improvement of these problems. Conclusions: The protease-containing microemulsion not only improves the performance of the epilation procedure, leading to less frequent epilation, but also improves possible negative effects of epilation such as ingrown hairs and perifollicular inflammation.
Physicochemical Properties of a Bioactive Polysaccharide Film from Cassia grandis with Immobilized Collagenase from Streptomyces parvulus (DPUA/1573)
Authors: Ferreira Kétura , Cardoso Kethylen , Brandão-Costa Romero , Martins Joana T. , Botelho Cláudia , Neves Anna , Nascimento Thiago , Batista Juanize , Ferreira Éverton , Damasceno Fernando , Sales-Conniff Amanda , Albuquerque Wendell , Porto Ana , Teixeira José
Published: June 2024

(1) Background: Polysaccharide films are promising vehicles for the delivery of bioactive agents such as collagenases, as they provide controlled release at the wound site, facilitating tissue regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of Cassia grandis polysaccharide films with immobilized collagenase from Streptomyces parvulus (DPUA/1573). (2) Methods: Galactomannan was extracted from Cassia grandis seeds for film production with 0.8% (w/v) galactomannan and 0.2% (v/v) glycerol with or without collagenases. The films underwent physical-chemical analyses: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), color and opacity (luminosity-L*, green to red-a*, yellow to blue-b*, opacity-Y%), moisture content, water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, contact angle, and mechanical properties. (3) Results: The results showed similar FTIR spectra to the literature, indicating carbonyl functional groups. Immobilizing bioactive compounds increased surface roughness observed in SEM. TGA indicated a better viability for films with immobilized S. parvulus enzymes. Both collagenase-containing and control films exhibited a bright-yellowish color with slight opacity (Y%). Mechanical tests revealed decreased rigidity in PCF (−25%) and SCF (−41%) and increased deformability in films with the immobilized bioactive compounds, PCF (234%) and SCF (295%). (4) Conclusions: Polysaccharide-based films are promising biomaterials for controlled composition, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and wound healing, with a potential in pharmacological applications.
Comparing a Low-Fluence Picosecond 1064 nm Nd:YAG Laser with a 532 nm Nd:YAG Laser for the Treatment of Pigmented Lesions in Chinese Patients: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Lu Po-Hsuan , Yao Xiao-Feng , Lin Yang-Chih , Hsiao Pa-Fan
Published: June 2024

The use of low-fluence picosecond (LFPS) 1064 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers, referred to as laser toning, is increasingly acknowledged as an effective treatment for pigmentation disorders in the Asian skin phenotype. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis on the effectiveness and safety of utilizing LFPS 1064 nm Nd:YAG lasers against picosecond 532 nm Nd:YAG lasers in treating pigmented lesions among Chinese patients. A retrospective photographic analysis and chart reviews were performed on 31 subjects exhibiting Fitzpatrick skin types III–VI who underwent LFPS 1064 nm Nd:YAG or picosecond 532 nm Nd:YAG treatments at a single tertiary center. Utilizing VISIA Complexion Analysis, comparative photographs were taken. Two independent physicians evaluated treatment efficacy using a visual analog scale (VAS) to assess the percentage of pigmentary clearance in standard photographs. Solar lentigines were the most prevalent pigmentary disorder, followed by post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), nevus zygomaticus, melasma, freckles, and nevus of Ota. The clinical effectiveness of picosecond 532 nm and LFPS 1064 nm laser treatments proved comparable for lesions on the face, with mean VAS scores of 2.2 ± 1.1 and 1.8 ± 0.8, respectively. There were two cases of PIH in the picosecond 532 nm group, which resolved within one month. Overall, the LFPS 1064 nm laser demonstrates promise as a safe and efficient therapeutic modality for managing pigmented lesions in Chinese patients.
Staff Resiliency in Long-Term Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Danesh Behrouz , Freeman Shannon , Jackson Piper , Klassen-Ross Tammy , Freeman-Idemilih Alexandria , Banner Davina
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on long-term care facilities (LTCFs). While much attention has been paid to the impact of the pandemic on residents, less attention has been given to the experiences of staff and factors impacting their resilience in facing challenges working in LTCF. This research describes the factors contributing to the resiliency of LTCF staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in northern British Columbia (BC). Transcripts from 53 participants who completed one-hour semi-structured interviews were included and thematic analysis was conducted. All participants had experience working in a LTCF facility in northern BC during the pandemic. The LTCF staff described resilience as the ability to adapt to changing circumstances and protocols, while also maintaining a positive attitude and uplifting spirits during times of adversity. The analysis revealed five key themes influencing staff resilience: (1) availability and provision of resources for staff, (2) leadership and management within LTCFs, (3) social support available to staff, (4) impact of residents’ morale on staff resilience, and (5) personal attributes and characteristics of the staff. Understanding and addressing the five themes can guide the development of targeted strategies and interventions aimed at enhancing staff resilience and well-being during challenging circumstances. By recognizing and addressing the specific needs of LTCF staff, it is possible to improve the overall quality of care provided in LTCF and promote the well-being of both residents and staff. The findings shed light on the interplay of these themes and their profound influence on LTCF staff. Identifying staff’s needs and factors that contribute to their resilience may lower staff turnover, leading to a stronger and more resilient healthcare system, capable of safeguarding vulnerable populations, particularly during times of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Immunotherapeutic Strategies Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Vasileiou Maria , Diamantoudis Sotirios Charalampos , Tsianava Christina , Nguyen Nam P.
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and is a leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Despite the implementation of multiple treatment options, including immunotherapy, breast cancer treatment remains a challenge. In this review, we aim to summarize present challenges in breast cancer immunotherapy and recent advancements in overcoming treatment resistance. We elaborate on the inhibition of signaling cascades, such as the Notch, Hedgehog, Hippo, and WNT signaling pathways, which regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of breast cancer stem cells and, consequently, disease progression and survival. Cancer stem cells represent a rare population of cancer cells, likely originating from non-malignant stem or progenitor cells, with the ability to evade immune surveillance and develop resistance to immunotherapeutic treatments. We also discuss the interactions between breast cancer stem cells and the immune system, including potential agents targeting breast cancer stem cell-associated signaling pathways, and provide an overview of the emerging approaches to breast cancer stem cell-targeted immunotherapy. Finally, we consider the development of breast cancer vaccines and adoptive cellular therapies, which train the immune system to recognize tumor-associated antigens, for eliciting T cell-mediated responses to target breast cancer stem cells.
Osteolytic Bone Metastasis: Different Radiotherapy Fractionation Schedules Compared Clinically and Radiographically
Authors: Liakouli Zoi , Zygogianni Anna , Georgakopoulos Ioannis , Mystakidou Kyriaki , Kouvaris John , Antypas Christos , Nikoloudi Maria , Kouloulias Vasileios
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to compare three commonly used radiotherapy fractionation schedules for bone metastasis in terms of clinical and radiological effectiveness. A total of 93 patients with osteolytic bone metastasis were randomized to receive 8 Gyin a single fraction (group A), 20 Gy in 5 fractions (group B) and 30 Gy in 10 fractions (group C). Changes in bone density were measured using the Relative Electron Density (RED) type corrected by Thomas (pe = HU/1.950 + 1.0), where HU is Hounsfield Units. Pain response was assessed according to the Brief Pain Inventory tool. Quality of life was estimated using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the MD Anderson Symptom (MDAS) tools.After RT, RED, together with the parameters of EORTC QLQ-C30, MDAS and SAT, significantly increased in all groups (p < 0.001).Specifically, the increase of RED was higher in group C compared to group Athree months post-RT (p = 0.014). Group C was also superior to group A in terms of QoL and BPI three months post-treatment. Multifractionated radiotherapy for osteolytic bone metastasis is superior to single fraction radiotherapy in terms of improvement in quality of life and bone remineralization three months post-RT.
Fertility Assessment after Ovarian Transposition in Children and Young Women Treated for a Malignant Tumor
Authors: Valduga Julie , Desmules Géraldine , Claude Line , Chastagner Pascal , Bernier-Chastagner Valérie , Marec-Berard Perrine , Rousset-Jablonski Christine
Published: June 2024

Ovarian transposition (OT) has been proposed as a protective measure against radiation-induced damage to ovarian function and fertility. Despite its historical use, limited research has focused on evaluating endocrine and exocrine ovarian function after OT performed in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) before or during puberty. The purpose of our study was to investigate the fertility, pubertal development, and ovarian function of women with a previous history of OT during childhood, adolescence or young adulthood. In an observational bicentric retrospective study, we included 32 young female cancer patients who underwent OT before the age of 26 between 1990 and 2015 at Lyon Léon Bérard Cancer Center or Nancy University Hospital. The mean age at the time of OT was 15.6 years with a cancer diagnosis at 15 ± 4.8 years. Among the 10 women attempting pregnancy post-treatment, 60% achieved successful pregnancies. After a mean follow-up of 9.6 ± 7 years, 74% (17 out of 23) of women recovered spontaneous menstrual cycles (seven out of eight evaluable women with OT before or during puberty). Notably, 35% of women who did not attempt pregnancy demonstrated adequate ovarian reserve. Ovarian reserve and function recovery were influenced by the specific chemotherapy received. Importantly, our findings suggest that OT’s effectiveness on ovarian activity resumption does not significantly differ when performed before or during puberty compared to pubertal stages. This study contributes valuable insights into the long-term reproductive outcomes of young women undergoing OT, emphasizing its potential efficacy in preserving ovarian function and fertility across different developmental stages.
Combining Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Loco-Regional Treatments in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Boilève Juliette , Guimas Valentine , David Arthur , Bailly Clément , Touchefeu Yann
Published: June 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with a poor prognosis, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therapeutic options have developed considerably in recent years, particularly with trans-arterial treatments. Systemic treatments have also evolved significantly, with the rise of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as first-line treatment for advanced HCC. The combination of loco-regional treatments and ICI is opening up new prospects and is the subject of numerous clinical trials. Recently, two global phase 3 trials investigating ICI-based adjuvant combinations have demonstrated improvements in recurrence-free survival or progression-free survival in patients treated with resection, ablation, or trans-arterial chemoembolization. However, mature data and overall survival results are still awaited but will be difficult to interpret. We are at the start of a new era of combinations of loco-regional treatments and immunotherapy. The identification of the best therapeutic strategies and predictive biomarkers is a crucial issue for future standards in clinical practice.
Mother–Child Approach to Cervical Cancer Prevention in a Low Resource Setting: The Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services Story
Authors: Elit Lorraine , Manjuh Florence , Kila Lillian , Suika Beatrice , Sinou Manuela , Bozy Eliane , Vernyuy Ethel , Fokou Amandine , Welty Edith , Welty Thomas
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The rates of cervical cancer screening in Cameroon are unknown and HPV vaccination coverage for age-appropriate youths is reported at 5%. Objectives: To implement the mother–child approach to cervical cancer prevention (cervical screening by HPV testing for mothers and HPV vaccination for daughters) in Meskine, Far North, Cameroon. Methods: After the sensitization of the Meskine–Maroua region using education and a press-release by the Minister of Public Health, a 5-day mother–child campaign took place at Meskine Baptist Hospital. The Ampfire HPV Testing was free for 500 women and vaccination was free for age-appropriate children through the EPI program. Nurses trained in cervical cancer education conducted group teaching sessions prior to having each woman retrieve a personal sample. Self-collected samples were analyzed for HPV the same day. All women with positive tests were assessed using VIA–VILI and treated as appropriate for precancers. Results: 505 women were screened, and 92 children vaccinated (34 boys and 58 girls). Of those screened, 401 (79.4%) were aged 30–49 years old; 415 (82%) married; 348 (69%) no education. Of the HPV positive cases (101): 9 (5.9%) were HPV 16, 11 (10.1%) HPV 18, 74 (73%) HPV of 13 other types. Those who were both HPV and VIA–VILI positive were treated by thermal ablation (63%) or LEEP (25%). Conclusion: The mother–child approach is an excellent method to maximize primary and secondary prevention against cervical cancer.
Correction: Gill et al. Report from the 24th Annual Western Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference on Colorectal Cancer, Richmond, British Columbia, 28–29, October 2022. Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30, 7964–7983
Authors: Gill Sharlene , Ahmed Shahid , Anderson Brady , Berry Scott , Lim Howard , Phang Terry , Sharma Ankur , Solar Vasconcelos Joao Paulo , Gill Karamjit , Iqbal Mussawar , Tankel Keith , Chan Theresa , Recsky Magdalena , Nuk Jennifer , Paul James , Mahmood Shazia , Mulder Karen
Published: June 2024

Karen Mulder was not included as an author in the original publication [...]
The Impact of Climate Change on Immunity and Gut Microbiota in the Development of Disease
Authors: Rio Pierluigi , Caldarelli Mario , Gasbarrini Antonio , Gambassi Giovanni , Cianci Rossella
Published: June 2024

According to the definition provided by the United Nations, “climate change” describes the persistent alterations in temperatures and weather trends. These alterations may arise naturally, such as fluctuations in the solar cycle. Nonetheless, since the 19th century, human activities have emerged as the primary agent for climate change, primarily attributed to the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. Climate change can potentially influence the well-being, agricultural production, housing, safety, and employment opportunities for all individuals. The immune system is an important interface through which global climate change affects human health. Extreme heat, weather events and environmental pollutants could impair both innate and adaptive immune responses, promoting inflammation and genomic instability, and increasing the risk of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, climate change has an impact on both soil and gut microbiome composition, which can further explain changes in human health outcomes. This narrative review aims to explore the influence of climate change on human health and disease, focusing specifically on its effects on the immune system and gut microbiota. Understanding how these factors contribute to the development of physical and mental illness may allow for the design of strategies aimed at reducing the negative impact of climate and pollution on human health.
Dynamic Task Allocation for Heterogeneous Multi-UAVs in Uncertain Environments Based on 4DI-GWO Algorithm
Authors: Huang Hanqiao , Jiang Zijian , Yan Tian , Bai Yu
Published: June 2024

As the missions and environments of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) become increasingly complex in both space and time, it is essential to investigate the dynamic task assignment problem of heterogeneous multi-UAVs aiming at ground targets in an uncertain environment. Considering that most of these existing tasking methods are limited to static allocation in a deterministic environment, this paper firstly constructs the fuzzy multiconstraint programming model for heterogeneous multi-UAV dynamic task assignment based on binary interval theory, taking into account the effects of uncertain factors like target location information, mission execution time, and the survival probability of UAVs. Then, the dynamic task allocation strategy is designed, consisting of two components: dynamic time slice setting and the four-dimensional information grey wolf optimization (4DI-GWO) algorithm. The dynamic time slices create the dynamic adjustment of solving frequency and effect, and the 4DI-GWO algorithm is improved by designing the four-dimensional information strategy that expands population diversity and enhances global search capability and other strategies. The numerical analysis shows that the proposed strategy can effectively solve the dynamic task assignment problem of heterogeneous multi-UAVs under an uncertain environment, and the optimization of fitness values demonstrates improvements of 5~30% in comparison with other optimization algorithms.
Continuous-Time Quantum Walk in Glued Trees: Localized State-Mediated Almost Perfect Quantum-State Transfer
Authors: Pouthier Vincent , Pepe Lucie , Yalouz Saad
Published: June 2024

In this work, the dynamics of a quantum walker on glued trees is revisited to understand the influence of the architecture of the graph on the efficiency of the transfer between the two roots. Instead of considering regular binary trees, we focus our attention on leafier structures where each parent node could give rise to a larger number of children. Through extensive numerical simulations, we uncover a significant dependence of the transfer on the underlying graph architecture, particularly influenced by the branching rate (M) relative to the root degree (N). Our study reveals that the behavior of the walker is isomorphic to that of a particle moving on a finite-size chain. This chain exhibits defects that originate in the specific nature of both the roots and the leaves. Therefore, the energy spectrum of the chain showcases rich features, which lead to diverse regimes for the quantum-state transfer. Notably, the formation of quasi-degenerate localized states due to significant disparities between M and N triggers a localization process on the roots. Through analytical development, we demonstrate that these states play a crucial role in facilitating almost perfect quantum beats between the roots, thereby enhancing the transfer efficiency. Our findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms governing quantum-state transfer on trees, with potential applications for the transfer of quantum information.