bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges for Zero-Emissions Ship
Authors: Reusser Carlos A. , Pérez Osses Joel R.
Published: September 2021

Due to the increasing impact of ship emissions on the environment and the preventive measures of current regulations introduced by the International Maritime Organization to significantly reduce them, the development of ocean-going all-electric ships has been addressed as a concept applied to achieve it. Being a promising technology considers the use of technology alternatives such as fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors together with the use of zero-carbon alternative fuels such as hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3) as main energy sources. This article addresses a state-of-the-art on several challenges related to the ocean-going zero-emissions ship to achieve a zero-emissions shipping, based on the technology associated with hybrid and all-electric ship, and the zero-carbon fuels alternatives. In this respect, a transition from fossil fuel-based propulsion and auxiliary systems to a zero-emissions ship concept are related to the challenges to overcome the needs of energy density for these new alternatives energy sources compared to current fossil fuel options. The transitional process should consider a first step of hybridization of the propulsion and auxiliary systems of existing ships to get a baseline from where to move forward to a zero-emissions configuration for new designs.
Incorporating Species-Conditional Co-Occurrence When Selecting Indicator Species to Monitor Restoration after Mangrove Removal from the Siangshan Wetland, Taiwan
Authors: Chu Ta-Jen , Shih Chun-Han , Lu Yu-Ming , Shih Yi-Jia , Wang Jia-Qiao , Huang Liang-Ming
Published: September 2021

This paper presents an approach for incorporating species-conditional co-occurrence into models used for the selection of marine indicator species. Mangrove invasion within the Siangshan Wetland in Hsinchu, Taiwan, has changed the original structures and functions of habitats for benthic organisms. The Hsinchu City Government ran a large-scale mangrove removal project from October 2015 to March 2016 to restore the wetland. From October 2015 to September 2016, we investigated the biological effects of mangrove removal on benthic crabs and their adjacent habitats. Density, number of species, Shannon–Weaver index (H′) and Palou’s evenness index (J′) were calculated and compared between mangrove and non-mangrove regions. The results showed that values for these attributes in the non-mangrove regions were higher than those of the mangrove regions. After mangrove removal, species returned to their original habitats and the related density increased significantly. Using conditional co-occurrence algorithms, we identified five indicator species (Mictyris brevidactylus, Macrophthalmus banzai, Uca arcuata, Uca lacteal and Uca borealis) with high co-occurrence probabilities, whose population responses provided direct evidence of the benefits of mangrove removal for wetland restoration. The results indicate that mangrove removal is an appropriate habitat rehabilitation strategy for benthic organisms, and that the chosen indicator species may provide valuable ecological information for coastal managers seeking to control the spread of mangroves.
The First Whole Genome Sequencing of Sanghuangporus sanghuang Provides Insights into Its Medicinal Application and Evolution
Authors: Jiang Ji-Hang , Wu Sheng-Hua , Zhou Li-Wei
Published: September 2021

Sanghuangporus is a medicinal macrofungal genus typified by S. sanghuang, the very species utilized in traditional Chinese medicines by Chinese ancient people. To facilitate the medicinal application of S. sanghuang, we, for the first time, perform its genome sequencing and analyses from a monokaryon strain. A 33.34 Mb genome sequence was assembled to 26 contigs, which lead to the prediction of 8278 protein-coding genes. From these genes, the potential biosynthesis pathway of sesquiterpenoids was, for the first time, identified from Sanghuangporus, besides that of triterpenoids. While polysaccharides are the main medicinal metabolites in S. sanghuang, flavonoids are especially abundant medicinal metabolites comparing with other medicinal macrofungal groups. From the genomic perspective, S. sanghuang has a tetrapolar heterothallic mating system, and has its special nutritional strategy and advantageous medicinal properties compared with S. baumii and S. vaninii. A phylogenomics analysis indicates that Sanghuangporus emerged 15.39 million years ago and S. sanghuang has a closer phylogenetic relationship with S. baumii than S. vaninii. However, S. sanghuang shares a higher region of synteny and more orthologous genes, including carbohydrate-active enzymes with S. vaninii than S. baumii. A comparative genomics analysis with S. baumii and S. vaninii indicates that species diversification within Sanghuangporus may be driven by the translocation and translocation plus inversion of genome sequences, while the expansion and contraction of gene families may contribute to the host specificity of Sanghuangporus species. In general, the genome sequence of S. sanghuang provides insights into its medicinal application and evolution.
Multiple Mechanisms Drive the Evolutionary Adaptation of Phytophthora infestans Effector Avr1 to Host Resistance
Authors: Shen Lin-Lin , Waheed Abdul , Wang Yan-Ping , Nkurikiyimfura Oswald , Wang Zong-Hua , Yang Li-Na , Zhan Jiasui
Published: September 2021

Effectors, a group of small proteins secreted by pathogens, play a central role in antagonistic interactions between plant hosts and pathogens. The evolution of effector genes threatens plant disease management and sustainable food production, but population genetic analyses to understand evolutionary mechanisms of effector genes are limited compared to molecular and functional studies. Here we investigated the evolution of the Avr1 effector gene from 111 Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from six areas covering three potato cropping regions in China using a population genetic approach. High genetic variation of the effector gene resulted from diverse mechanisms including base substitution, pre-termination, intragenic recombination and diversifying selection. Nearly 80% of the 111 sequences had a point mutation in the 512th nucleotide (T512G), which generated a pre-termination stop codon truncating 38 amino acids in the C-terminal, suggesting that the C-terminal may not be essential to ecological and biological functions of P. infestans. A significant correlation between the frequency of Avr1 sequences with the pre-termination and annual mean temperature in the collection sites suggests that thermal heterogeneity might be one of contributors to the diversifying selection, although biological and biochemical mechanisms of the likely thermal adaptation are not known currently. Our results highlight the risk of rapid adaptation of P. infestans and possibly other pathogens as well to host resistance, and the application of eco-evolutionary principles is necessary for sustainable disease management in agricultural ecosystems.
Sustainable Applications for Utilizing Antimony Tailing Coarse Aggregate (ATCA) in Concrete: Characteristic of ATCA and Toxicity Risks of Concrete
Authors: Wang Jianqun , Li Long , Zhang Longwei , Li Bei , Deng Renjian , Shi Defeng
Published: September 2021

In this research, the sustainable applications for utilizing antimony tailing coarse aggregate (ATCA) in concrete is investigated. Comprehensive verifications were performed by a series of experiments on the characteristic of ATCA and the toxicity risks of concrete. Firstly, a real case study of utilization of ATCA as a complete substitute for natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in high strength concrete was conducted. Then, chemical composition of ATCA was tested. It is demonstrated that the essential mineral is SiO2 and the lithology of ATCA is quartzite. The mechanical properties, coarse quality of ATCA, and NCA were studied and compared. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and compressive elastic modulus of ATWR are 221.51 MPa, 5.93 MPa, and 3.33 × 104 MPa, which are 1.31, 2.22, 1.40 times of that of NR, respectively. All of the quality control indices of ATCA meet the requirements of the current industry standards of China. Finally, the toxicity risks of ATCA concrete were investigated. It is illustrated that the leaching of main heavy metals including Sb, As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Zn in the ATCA concrete under different pH conditions are below the regulatory limits. The utilization of antimony tailing has significant environmental and economic benefits.
Synthesis and Properties of Inositol Nanocapsules
Authors: Mo Songping , Li Yuanhong , Shan Shaofei , Jia Lisi , Chen Ying
Published: September 2021

Sugar alcohols are phase-change materials with various advantages but may suffer from leakage during applications. In this study, inositol nanocapsules were synthesized at various conditions, including the amount of precursors and the time for adding the precursors. The effects of synthesis conditions on the properties of the nanocapsules were studied. The morphology, chemical composition, microstructure, phase-change characteristics and size distribution of the nanocapsules were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and a zeta potential analyzer. The results confirm that inositol was well-encapsulated by an SiO2 shell. The shell thickness increased, while the supercooling degree of the nanocapsules decreased with increasing time for adding the precursors. In order to obtain nanocapsules with good morphology and phase-change characteristics, the time for adding the precursors should increase with the amount of precursors. The nanocapsules with the best properties exhibited high melting enthalpy, encapsulation ratio and energy storage efficiency of 216.0 kJ/kg, 83.1% and 82.1%, respectively. The size of the nanocapsules was remarkably affected by the triethoxysilane (TES) amount.
Enterovirus Surveillance (EVSurv) in Germany
Authors: Keeren Kathrin , Böttcher Sindy , Diedrich Sabine
Published: September 2021

The major aim of the enterovirus surveillance (EVSurv) in Germany is to prove the absence of poliovirus circulation in the framework of the Global Polio Eradication Program (GPEI). Therefore, a free-of-charge enterovirus diagnostic is offered to all hospitals for patients with symptoms compatible with a polio infection. Within the quality proven laboratory network for enterovirus diagnostic (LaNED), stool and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with suspected aseptic meningitis/encephalitis or acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) are screened for enterovirus (EV), typing is performed in all EV positive sample to exclude poliovirus infections. Since 2006, ≈200 hospitals from all 16 German federal states have participated annually. On average, 2500 samples (70% stool, 28% CSF) were tested every year. Overall, the majority of the patients studied are children <15 years. During the 15-year period, 53 different EV serotypes were detected. While EV-A71 was most frequently detected in infants, E30 dominated in older children and adults. Polioviruses were not detected. The German enterovirus surveillance allows monitoring of the circulation of clinically relevant serotypes resulting in continuous data about non-polio enterovirus epidemiology.
Therapeutic Significance of microRNA-Mediated Regulation of PARP-1 in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Dash Sabyasachi , Dash Chandravanu , Pandhare Jui
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) has devastated global healthcare and economies. Despite the stabilization of infectivity rates in some developed nations, several countries are still under the grip of the pathogenic viral mutants that are causing a significant increase in infections and hospitalization. Given this urgency, targeting of key host factors regulating SARS-CoV-2 life cycle is postulated as a novel strategy to counter the virus and its associated pathological outcomes. In this regard, Poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is being increasingly recognized as a possible target. PARP-1 is well studied in human diseases such as cancer, central nervous system (CNS) disorders and pathology of RNA viruses. Emerging evidence indicates that regulation of PARP-1 by non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs is integral to cell survival, redox balance, DNA damage response, energy homeostasis, and several other cellular processes. In this short perspective, we summarize the recent findings on the microRNA/PARP-1 axis and its therapeutic potential for COVID-19 pathologies.
MicroSalmon: A Comprehensive, Searchable Resource of Predicted MicroRNA Targets and 3′UTR Cis-Regulatory Elements in the Full-Length Sequenced Atlantic Salmon Transcriptome
Authors: Ramberg Sigmund , Andreassen Rune
Published: September 2021

Complete 3′UTRs unambiguously assigned to specific mRNA isoforms from the Atlantic salmon full-length (FL) transcriptome were collected into a 3′UTRome. miRNA response elements (MREs) and other cis-regulatory motifs were subsequently predicted and assigned to 3′UTRs of all FL-transcripts. The MicroSalmon GitHub repository provides all results. RNAHybrid and sRNAtoolbox tools predicted the MREs. UTRscan and the Teiresias algorithm predicted other 3′UTR cis-acting motifs, both known vertebrate motifs and putative novel motifs. MicroSalmon provides search programs to retrieve all FL-transcripts targeted by a miRNA (median number 1487), all miRNAs targeting an FL-transcript (median number 27), and other cis-acting motifs. As thousands of FL-transcripts may be targets of each miRNA, additional experimental strategies are necessary to reduce the likely true and relevant targets to a number that may be functionally validated. Low-complexity motifs known to affect mRNA decay in vertebrates were over-represented. Many of these were enriched in the terminal end, while purine- or pyrimidine-rich motifs with unknown functions were enriched immediately downstream of the stop codon. Furthermore, several novel complex motifs were over-represented, indicating conservation and putative function. In conclusion, MicroSalmon is an extensive and useful, searchable resource for study of Atlantic salmon transcript regulation by miRNAs and cis-acting 3′UTR motifs.
Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging of Laser-Activated Phase-Change Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets
Authors: Yoon Heechul
Published: September 2021

Laser-activated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (PFCnDs) are emerging phase-change contrast agents that showed promising potential in ultrasound and photoacoustic (US/PA) imaging. Unlike monophase gaseous microbubbles, PFCnDs shift their state from liquid to gas via optical activation and can provide high US/PA contrast on demand. Depending on the choice of perfluorocarbon core, the vaporization and condensation dynamics of the PFCnDs are controllable. Therefore, these configurable properties of activation and deactivation of PFCnDs are employed to enable various imaging approaches, including contrast-enhanced imaging and super-resolution imaging. In addition, synchronous application of both acoustic and optical pulses showed a promising outcome vaporizing PFCnDs with lower activation thresholds. Furthermore, due to their sub-micrometer size, PFCnDs can be used for molecular imaging of extravascular tissue. PFCnDs can also be an effective therapeutic tool. As PFCnDs can carry therapeutic drugs or other particles, they can be used for drug delivery, as well as photothermal and photodynamic therapies. Blood barrier opening for neurological applications was recently demonstrated with optically-triggered PFCnDs. This paper specifically focuses on the activation and deactivation properties of laser-activated PFCnDs and associated US/PA imaging approaches, and briefly discusses their theranostic potential and future directions.
Enhancing Hydrogen Storage Kinetics and Cycling Properties of NaMgH3 by 2D Transition Metal Carbide MXene Ti3C2
Authors: Hang Zhouming , Hu Zhencan , Xiao Xuezhang , Jiang Ruicheng , Zhang Meng
Published: September 2021

Metal hydrides have recently been proposed for not only hydrogen storage materials but also high-efficiency thermal storage materials. NaMgH3 contains a considerable theoretical thermal storage density of 2881 kJ/kg. However, its sluggish de/re-hydrogenation reaction kinetics and poor cycling stability exhibit unavailable energy efficiency. Doping with active catalyst into NaMgH3 is deemed to be a potential strategy to mitigate these disadvantages. In this work, the enhancement of de/re-hydrogenation kinetics and cycling properties of NaMgH3 is investigated by doping with lamellar-structure 2D carbon-based MXene, Ti3C2. Results shows that introducing 7 wt.% Ti3C2 is proved to perform excellent catalytic efficiency for NaMgH3, dramatically reducing the two-step hydrogen desorption peak temperatures (324.8 and 345.3 °C) and enhancing the de/re-hydrogenation kinetic properties with the hydrogen desorption capacity of 4.8 wt.% H2 within 15 min at 365 °C and absorption capacity of 3.5 wt.% H2 within 6 s. Further microstructure analyses reveal that the unique lamellar-structure of Ti3C2 can separate the agglomerated NaMgH3 particles homogeneously and decrease the energy barriers of two-step reaction of NaMgH3 (114.08 and 139.40 kJ/mol). Especially, lamellar-structure Ti3C2 can improve the reversibility of hydrogen storage of NaMgH3, rendering 4.6 wt.% H2 capacity remained after five cycles. The thermal storage density of the composite is determined to be 2562 kJ/kg through DSC profiles, which is suitable for thermal energy storage application.
Development and Optimization of Chitosan-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose In Situ Gelling Systems for Ophthalmic Delivery of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride
Authors: Popa Lăcrămioara , Ghica Mihaela Violeta , Popescu Roxana , Irimia Teodora , Dinu-Pîrvu Cristina-Elena
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was the development and optimization of chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) in situ gelling systems, loaded with bupivacaine hydrochloride for topical ocular administration. This study is based on the properties of two polymers: chitosan, which has mucoadhesive action and is a pH-sensitive polymer, but also the cellulose derivative hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, a thermosensitive polymer which has mucoadhesive properties and increases the viscosity of systems. The analysis and optimization of in situ gelling systems were performed based on an experimental design and response surface methodology. The following formulation parameters were considered: X1 = chitosan concentration (0.5%, 1%), X2 = HPMC E 5 LV concentration (2%, 5%) and X3 = Chitosan/HPMC E 5 LV ratio (1/1, 2/1). In addition, the parameters to be optimized were represented by the contact angle (CA (°)), viscosity and cumulative percentage of bupivacaine hydrochloride released in vitro. The results indicate that the designed in situ gelling systems are suitable for bupivacaine prolonged ophthalmic release and overcome the principal disadvantages of the liquid’s ocular formulations. An immediate therapeutic effect corresponding to ocular anesthetic installation was assured in the first stage: burst bupivacaine release. In the second phase, the gradual drug release was assured for over 6 h. This drug release profile, together with the corresponding rheological profile and a collection of superficial properties for good ocular adhesion balanced with an adequate hydrophilic character, assured the desired quality of the attributes for the proposed systems. The system, based on chitosan 1%, HPMC E 5 LV 5% and a 1/1 polymer ratio, could be a solution for the proposed formulation of in situ gelling colloidal systems, since the viscosity of the system was within the range of the optimal viscosity of the eye, and the amount of bupivacaine hydrochloride released after 6 h was the highest at 69.55%.
A New Semi-Quantitative Process Safety Assessment Method and Its Application for Fluorochemical Industry
Authors: Cong Guangpei , Lu Duhui , Liu Mei , Wang Qi , Yu Wei
Published: September 2021

Traditional hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP) is one of the most widely applied methods for process safety management in process enterprises. Due to its principles based on the conservative and qualitative judgment, it often leads to too conservative risk identification results for the fluorine chemical industry usually with high-risk processes to keep the continuity of production. Most of improved quantitative and semi-quantitative methods are based on the layer of protection analysis (LOPA) to resolve the over-conservative problem of traditional HAZOP with the database of LOPA. However, the improved model, taking LOPA as the main line and HAZOP only as the provider of scenarios and influencing factors, is limited to the fact that LOPA can only analyze complete and independent protection layers (IPLs). Therefore, in order to realize the quantitative or semi-quantitative analysis of disaster causes and consequences, a new semi-quantitative HAZOP method takes HAZOP as the main line to integrate LOPA, F&EI (fire and explosion index) for quantitatively calculating the reduction factors, probability on failure demand (PFD) of general protection layers (GPLs) and PFD of IPLs. With the case comparison of fluorine chemical industry, it is proved that this new method can effectively improve the problem that traditional HAZOP are too conservative in complex scenarios.
Research Progress of Small Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Detecting Hypochlorite
Authors: Song Zhi-Guo , Yuan Qing , Lv Pengcheng , Chen Kun
Published: September 2021

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generates from the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions via myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated in vivo. As very important reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypochlorous acid (HOCl)/hypochlorite (OCl−) play a crucial role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, excessive or misplaced production of HOCl/OCl− can cause variety of tissue damage and human diseases. Therefore, rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of OCl− is very important. In recent years, the fluorescent probe method for detecting hypochlorous acid has been developed rapidly due to its simple operation, low toxicity, high sensitivity, and high selectivity. In this review, the progress of recently discovered fluorescent probes for the detection of hypochlorous acid was summarized with the aim to provide useful information for further design of better fluorescent probes.
Pathomechanisms of Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Klein Ines , Lehmann Helmar
Published: September 2021

Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy, affecting up to 60% of all cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Moreover, paclitaxel induces neuropathy in up to 97% of all gynecological and urological cancer patients. In cancer cells, paclitaxel induces cell death via microtubule stabilization interrupting cell mitosis. However, paclitaxel also affects cells of the central and peripheral nervous system. The main symptoms are pain and numbness in hands and feet due to paclitaxel accumulation in the dorsal root ganglia. This review describes in detail the pathomechanisms of paclitaxel in the peripheral nervous system. Symptoms occur due to a length-dependent axonal sensory neuropathy, where axons are symmetrically damaged and die back. Due to microtubule stabilization, axonal transport is disrupted, leading to ATP undersupply and oxidative stress. Moreover, mitochondria morphology is altered during paclitaxel treatment. A key player in pain sensation and axonal damage is the paclitaxel-induced inflammation in the spinal cord as well as the dorsal root ganglia. An increased expression of chemokines and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α, but also CXCR4, RAGE, CXCL1, CXCL12, CX3CL1, and C3 promote glial activation and accumulation, and pain sensation. These findings are further elucidated in this review.
Measurement of Tissue Oximetry in Standing Unsedated and Sedated Horses
Authors: Cowling Nicholas , Woldeyohannes Solomon , Sole Guitart Albert , Goodwin Wendy
Published: September 2021

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) noninvasively measures peripheral tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and may be useful to detect early changes in StO2 in anaesthetized and critically ill horses. This study aimed to identify the muscle belly that provided the highest percentage of successful StO2 readings and the highest mean StO2 value. Fifty adult horses were enrolled in a prospective controlled study. StO2 was measured at six different muscles in each horse, for each intervention: hair overlying the muscle was clipped (post clipping: PC), clipped skin was cleaned with chlorhexidine (post-surgical prepping: PP) and medetomidine was administered intravenously (post medetomidine: PM). Mean StO2 values were calculated for each muscle, and a linear effects model was used to assess the effect of muscle group and intervention on StO2. The sartorius muscle gave the highest percentage of successful StO2 values (p < 0.001) and the highest mean (90% CI) StO2 values for the PC, PP and PM interventions. Surgical prepping of the skin increased the success for measurement of StO2 values. For all muscles, administration of medetomidine was associated with lower StO2 values (p < 0.001). In conclusion, of the muscles examined, the sartorius muscle may be the preferred muscle to measure StO2 in horses, and clipping and cleaning of the probe placement site is recommended.
Dynamics of Macrophages and Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Milk-Secreted by Buffaloes with Udders Characterized by Different Clinical Status
Authors: Alterisio Maria , Ciaramella Paolo , Guccione Jacopo
Published: September 2021

The study evaluated the dynamics of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes milk-secreted by Mediterranean Buffaloes (MBs). Sixty quarter-milk-samples were collected and divided into three groups (n = 20 units each one): clinical mastitis (CM), subclinical mastitis (SCM), and intramammary infection (IMI). The control group consisted of an additional 20 healthy quarters. Their health status was assessed by clinical examination, quantitative somatic cell count (QSCC) and bacteriological milk culture. Finally, a differential somatic cell count (DSCC) was performed on all the milk samples. The mean percentage of macrophages, both in CM- and SCM-quarters, showed a significant difference as compared with the healthy-ones. Significant differences were also detected comparing the mean percentages of polymorphonuclear leukocytes between CM- and healthy-quarters, SCM and healthy, IMI and healthy. The QSCC revealed a weak-significant-negative-correlation with the quantitation of macrophages (r = −0.388), and a moderate-significant-positive-correlation with the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (r = 0.477). Macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes showed a weak-significant-negative-correlation between them (r = −0.247). The interpretation of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes dynamics in milk provided beneficial information regarding the clinical status of the quarters enrolled. Future studies exploring the potential use of DSCC to improve udder health represent an interesting perspective in these ruminants.
Identificação dos problemas de saúde entre pessoas privadas de liberdade
Authors: Santos Andreia Beatriz Silva dos
Published: September 2021

Trata-se de um relato da experiência do processo de identificação de problemas de saúde entre um grupo de pessoas privadas de liberdade em uma unidade prisional localizada na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Essa ação foi realizada pela médica e pela enfermeira da equipe de saúde da Penitenciária Lemos Brito e foi desenvolvida com base na proposta do Planejamento e Programação Local em Saúde (PPLS), aplicada em dois encontros realizados naquela unidade prisional. O primeiro encontro teve como objetivo aproximar o público da metodologia que seria empregada para a identificação de problemas de saúde, promovendo reflexões sobre o conceito de saúde e sua promoção, prevenção, tratamento e recuperação de agravos, e discutindo, também, a prática da atenção à saúde no território prisional. No segundo encontro, foi realizada a oficina para o levantamento dos problemas de saúde do território, em que foi utilizada a metodologia da oficina do PPPLS, proposta por Vilasboas1. Os problemas apontados foram: 1) pouca quantidade e qualidade ruim da alimentação; 2) falta de saneamento básico: falta de água boa para beber e esgoto aberto; 3) falta de atendimento do dentista; 4) dificuldades para o atendimento noturno das emergências; 5) falta de tratamento: pouco atendimento médico e falta de medicação; 6) dificuldade de acesso ao serviço social; 7) falta de fisioterapia e realização de exames; 8) dificuldade de acesso à defensoria pública 9) Zica e micose (problemas de pele). Participaram da atividade 453 homens negros, entre 18 e 54 anos. Esta prática permitiu a aproximação da equipe de saúde dos problemas de saúde identificados pela população prisional daquela unidade, identificação dos problemas de saúde naquele território, assim como apontou a necessidade de a equipe mobilizar e articular outras instâncias e atores para buscar as soluções para os problemas levantados.
Endodontia no contexto da Atenção Básica: perspectivas e possibilidades
Authors: Horn Tamara , Garcia Roberta , Demarco Egidio Antonio
Published: September 2021

Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar as endodontias realizadas em uma Unidade de Saúde do Serviço de Saúde Comunitária do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição. Trata-se de um estudo com base em avaliações clínicas e radiográficas dos tratamentos realizados entre os anos de 2004 a 2014. No período foram identificados 260 tratamentos endodônticos realizados, dos quais foram avaliados 149 (57,0%). As mulheres representaram 64,4% dos examinados, sendo a faixa etária predominante a de 40 a 59 anos (48,3%). A maioria dos dentes tratados apresentava um canal (71,1%) e, em grande parte dos casos, o tratamento foi realizado em duas sessões (67,1%). A endodontia de pré-molares totalizou 84 dentes (56,3%), sendo que, estes também representaram a maior parcela dos dentes perdidos. No momento da avaliação, do total de dentes avaliados, 25 dentes foram perdidos. Os pré-molares correspondiam a 18 (72,0%) dentes. A permanência do dente em boca foi considerada como o principal desfecho. No estudo a taxa de sobrevida dos tratamentos avaliados foi de 86,0%. Por fim, vale ressaltar que analisar esta proposta de intervenção pode trazer contribuições para a criação de protocolos com o intuito ofertar esta técnica em nível de Atenção Básica.
Os processos educativos em grupos comunitários como caminhos para a promoção da saúde e da segurança alimentar e nutricional na Atenção Básica
Authors: Cruz Pedro José Santos Carneiro , Filho Mário César Xavier , Araújo Renan Soares , Vieira Gabriel Nóbrega , Oliveira João Batista , Vasconcelos Ana Cláudia Cavalcanti Peixoto de
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho resultou de uma pesquisa cujos objetos centrais foram a Promoção da Saúde (PS) e da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) no âmbito da Atenção Básica (AB), partindo de processos educativos em grupos comunitários pautados pela pedagogia freireana, a Educação Popular (EP). Assim, se buscará explicitar saberes e práticas capazes de contribuir com o campo da educação em saúde e em SAN promovidas no cotidiano da AB, especialmente em suas iniciativas grupais. O processo investigativo baseou-se na sistematização de experiências, tendo como foco atividades desenvolvidas no período de dez anos (2007-2017) pelo Programa de Extensão “Práticas Integrais de Promoção da Saúde e Nutrição na Atenção Básica (PINAB)”, o qual é vinculado à Universidade Federal da Paraíba e é construído de forma compartilhada com trabalhadores e usuários de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família. Empregou-se a pesquisa documental como forma de mobilização de fontes para essa sistematização. Como resultado, pôde-se apontar os pressupostos que sustentaram o PINAB; o funcionamento, organização, desafios e potencialidades de seus processos educativos, englobando visitas domiciliares e grupos operativos.
Influência do programa de Educação pelo Trabalho na atuação em saúde bucal do agente comunitário de saúde
Authors: Soares Luan Kayru da Cruz , Lima Wilkelly Alves de , Pereira Fabricio Moraes , Fontes Rosely Barbosa da Cunha , Arantes Diandra Costa , Pontes Flávia Sirotheau Corrêa , Nascimento Liliane Silva do
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência das ações realizadas pelo Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho (PET-Saúde) no trabalho e conhecimento em saúde bucal de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS). Método: Para a análise da influência do conhecimento em saúde bucal do ACS pela foi realizado estudo transversal desenvolvido em dois distritos administrativos municipais através de instrumento validado. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelo SPSS. Resultados: Os ACS eram em maioria do sexo feminino com idade entre 30 a 39 anos, e renda familiar de um a três salários, a maioria residia na comunidade há mais de seis anos e atua na comunidade entre 1 e 3 anos, abrangendo cerca de 500 a 599 indivíduos na sua microárea. Observou-se que a maioria dos ACS não realiza atividade de educação em saúde bucal por não terem recebido capacitação para tal, com exceção dos ACS do distrito administrativo sob área de cobertura da Universidade Federal do Pará. Sobre o conhecimento em saúde bucal, os ACS dos distritos DAGUA e DASAC obtiveram nível moderado. Conclusões: O PET-Saúde proporcionou construção coletiva do conhecimento para os ACS retornando em mudanças positivas sobre o cuidado em saúde bucal para as comunidades. Percebeu-se maior nível de conhecimentos relacionados à saúde bucal entre os ACS do DAGUA, apesar de não ter havido grande diferença entre os distritos analisados. As atividades do PET deveriam ser incorporadas nos projetos pedagógicos, dos cursos de graduação e ter caráter de continuidade nas comunidades fortalecendo as ações de integração ensino-serviço-comunidade.
Farmacêutico na farmácia básica: garantia de qualidade na assistência farmacêutica?
Authors: Reis Tiago Marques , Rocha Lara Daniela Moreira , Dutra Camila Campos , Ferreira Luana Silva , Mendonça Simone Araújo Medina , Maduro Lauro César da Silva , Vieira Liliana Batista
Published: September 2021

A Assistência Farmacêutica se volta à promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde por meio de atividades técnico-gerenciais e clínico-assistenciais. A atuação do farmacêutico nas unidades básicas de saúde parece favorecer esse processo, embora alguns municípios optem por não inclui-lo no quadro de recursos humanos das farmácias básicas. Nesse contexto, ao realizar uma pesquisa para avaliar o acesso aos medicamentos em municípios de Minas Gerais, nosso grupo de pesquisa verificou se a presença do farmacêutico nas farmácias básicas tem influenciado sobre a qualidade dos produtos e serviços oferecidos nesses estabelecimentos. Um instrumento padronizado foi utilizado na coleta de dados e indicadores foram selecionados para avaliar qualidade no âmbito técnico-gerencial e clínico-assistencial. Como resultado, observou-se que a presença do farmacêutico nesses estabelecimentos não influenciou sobre a qualidade da Assistência Farmacêutica. Lacunas na formação desses profissionais podem estar comprometendo a atuação do farmacêutico em consonância com as necessidades do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Análise do campo da Atenção Básica à luz da teoria de Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Silva Tarciso Feijó da , David Helena Maria Scherlowski Leal
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: apresentar aspectos estruturais, relacionais e prescritivos do campo da Atenção Básica e ressignificar o acolhimento como estratégia de vigilância em saúde para produção do cuidado. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa delineado pela observação sistemática, cuja análise dos dados foi realizada à luz da teoria de Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: os diferentes aspectos observados permitiu compreender a lógica de organização, funcionamento e as fragilidades existentes no campo. Por sua vez, através do acolhimento identificado foi possível estabelecer sentido sobre a prática em saúde instituída pelos profissionais. Conclusão: o olhar sobre a Atenção Básica permitiu ressignificá-la como um campo, sendo possível observar que ela é conformada por regras que a orientam e dão sentido à sua existência. No que tange ao acolhimento, observou-se formas distintas de perceber e utilizá-lo, em que esse não emergiu no estudo como estratégia de vigilância em saúde para produção do cuidado.
Completude do esquema vacinal contra a hepatite B segundo registros de imunização
Authors: Souza Rhillary Lorrayne de , De Jesus Carvalho Helenice Rita , Souza Meriele Sabrina de , Oliveira Valéria Conceição de , Guimarães Eliete Albano de Azevedo , Lopes Jéssica Pereira
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a completude do esquema vacinal contra hepatite B (recombinante) de adultos em município de Minas Gerais, segundo registros de imunização no Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunização (SIPNI). Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico realizado à partir da base de dados do SIPNI, em 2019. Foram analisados 654 registros de pessoas vacinadas contra a hepatite B (recombinante). Resultados: Identificou-se que apenas 10,55% dos vacinados completaram o esquema vacinal contra hepatite B (recombinante). Indivíduos do sexo feminino apresentaram 3,23 vezes mais chances de ter esquema vacinal completo se comparado com o sexo masculino e aqueles com 50 anos e mais têm 2,77 vezes mais chances de ter esquema completo se comparados com indivíduos de 25 a 49 anos. O tempo médio para fechamento do esquema vacinal foi de 244 dias. Conclusão: O presente estudo apontou para uma baixa completude no esquema vacinal contra hepatite B.
Análise da estabilidade de tensão considerando distorções harmônicas em sistemas elétricos de potência: uma abordagem utilizando multiplicadores de Lagrange a partir de um fluxo de potência ótimo
Authors:   , Teixeira Mariana de Oliveira Novais
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma nova metodologia para análise da estabilidade de tensão em sistemas elétricos de potência considerando distorções harmônicas. Um fluxo de potência ótimo é formulado considerando o impacto da inserção de cargas com características não-lineares em redes elétricas, para determinar o ponto de máximo carregamento de um sistema. Magnitudes de tensão, potências ativas e reativas demandadas e geradas, limites de distorções harmônicas individuais e totais são considerados como restrições de desigualdade. O problema de otimização proposto é resolvido pelo método de pontos interiores. Baseando-se nos multiplicadores de Lagrange encontrados pela solução do problema, índices de estabilidade de tensão são estabelecidos, objetivando identificar as barras do sistema mais sensíveis em relação à degradação da qualidade da energia e instabilidade de tensão, sendo esta a principal contribuição deste trabalho. Simulações computacionais são conduzidas utilizando o sistema teste IEEE 30 barras, considerando a inserção de cargas não-lineares para mostrar a aplicabilidade dos índices desenvolvidos para a avaliação da estabilidade de tensão e distorções harmônicas. Os resultados obtidos são comparados com o método tradicional da análise modal a fim de validar a metodologia proposta para a identificação da barra crítica do sistema.
Do eu ao si-mesmo: um comentário crítico aos aforismos do Tantra Yoga da Ananda Marga
Authors:   , Carvalho Rafaela Campos de
Published: September 2021

A presente tese tem por objetivo apresentar uma vertente contemporânea da tradição da filosofia indiana, o Tantra Yoga da Ānanda Mārga. Realiza-se, primeiramente, sua localização teórica e, em seguida, aborda-se sua ontologia e praxiologia. A tese desenvolve-se através de um diálogo hermenêutico com o Ānanda Sūtraṃ, produção textual central do guru e autor da linhagem tântrica, Ānandamūrti. Através de uma tradução própria dos aforismos (sūtra) reunidos no referido texto elabora-se um discurso que lida com os conceitos postos de forma cumulativa e gradual. Visa-se apresentar, de forma clara, os princípios constitutivos da interdependência ontológica proposta através de seu perspectivismo monista (advaitadvaitādvaitavāda), assim como os mecanismos práticos para sua realização pragmática. O texto debruça-se, assim, sobre o desvendamento de uma realidade (jagat) simultaneamente plural e una, uma vez que modo de ser daquilo que se toma pelo princípio do Ser/Consciência (Brahman). A narrativa busca, portanto, demonstrar que a noção de sujeito (jīvātman) encontra-se em uma alteridade radical, da qual os entes são seu desdobramento. Há, assim, uma epistemologia pedagógica cuja proposta soteriológica pretende dispor ao adepto a completude permanente do desejo de felicidade (mokṣa). Para tanto, o texto dispõe e a tese apresenta, as diretrizes para a ação cotidiana segundo a Ānanda Mārga, as quais constituem uma luta visceral (sādhana) pelo estabelecimento da empatia originária – em si-mesmo e na sociedade
De la protection animale au bien-être animal : analyse historique et juridique de l’émergence du terme bien-être animal
Authors: Fabre Agnès
Published: September 2021

Le bien-être animal (BEA) est une notion qui s’est progressivement imposée dans les textes législatifs et réglementaires sur le plan français, européen et international. Cet article met en évidence cette progression, depuis les tous premiers textes relatifs à la protection des animaux, puis ceux concernant la protection humanitaire des animaux jusqu’au bien-être des animaux dans les textes récents. Un tournant majeur a été l’adoption des traités d’Amsterdam puis de Lisbonne (1997 et 2009) réformant la politique de l’Union européenne ainsi que la prise en compte du BEA par l’OIE (Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Animale) en 2002. En France, la loi d’avenir pour l’Agriculture de 2014 a été une étape significative. Le contexte historique est examiné et les initiatives actuelles (publiques ou privées) décrites.
Génomique féline, progrès récents et intérêts en recherche et en médecine vétérinaire
Authors: Abitbol Marie
Published: September 2021

Le séquençage et l'annotation du génome du chat domestique (Felis catus), initialement publiés en 2007, étaient de médiocre qualité. Ils ont depuis été amendés puis complétés par le développement d'outils de génomique qui, combinés à des stratégies génétiques en constante évolution, permettent de rechercher gènes et variants d'intérêt avec efficacité. Ces progrès bénéficient à la médecine vétérinaire féline, mais font également du chat domestique un modèle pour l'étude de la domestication, l'évolution des espèces, mais aussi un modèle biomédical en constante ascension. Progressivement, le chat qui a déjà conquis le cœur des foyers français et du web mondial, est en train de conquérir le cœur des généticiens.
Céphalopodes, expérimentation animale et législation européenne ?
Authors: Bonnaud-Ponticelli Laure
Published: September 2021

Les Céphalopodes sont inclus depuis 2013 dans la législation relative à l’expérimentation animale. L’origine de cette inclusion vient probablement de leurs spécificités neuro-sensorielles (cerveau, œil) et comportementales (mémoire, adaptation) uniques parmi les non-vertébrés. Si le bien être est maintenant cadré, le référencement clair de la « douleur » et une échelle d’intensité ne sont pas encore disponibles. Des données d’observation sur plusieurs espèces existent cependant. Sans que cela puisse être prouvé scientifiquement (selon le référentiel mammifère), il ne peut être exclu qu’ils ressentent de la douleur, et à ce titre doivent faire l’objet de précautions pour l’éviter. Le chlorure de magnésium (MgCl2) et l’éthanol sont des anesthésiques efficaces et peuvent également à fortes doses entrainer la mort. Les méthodes pour euthanasier les céphalopodes ne sont pas décrites dans la législation.
Medical Aspects of Providing the Safety of the ISS-64 Crew
(Express Analysis).
Authors: Kotov O.V. , Bogomolov V.V. , Grishin A.P. , Pochuev V.I. , Alferova I.V. , Khorosheva E.G. , Krivolapov V.V. , Shushunova T.G.
Published: September 2021

The paper shows the results of medical support of the ISS-64 crew. A brief de-scription of the medical support system is given; main outcome of implement-ing the program for medical monitoring of cosmonauts’ health status and envi-ronment conditions on the ISS RS during the mission and the use of onboard means and facilities meant for maintaining the health and performance of cosmonauts is shown as well.
Main Results of Training and Activity of the ISS-64 Crew Members When Carrying out the Mission Plan.
Authors: Ryzhikov S.N. , Kud-Sverchkov S.V. , Oreshkin G.D. , Kondrat A.I. , Medvedev A.A. , Nesmeyanov V.V. , Saburov P.A.
Published: September 2021

The report presents the members of the ISS-64 crew, the main tasks, features and results of their training for the flight. The results of the crew activity on board the Soyuz MS-17 transport manned vehicle and the International Space Station (ISS), analysis of the implementation of the Russian research program, description of EVA operations under the programs of the Russian and Ameri-can segments of the ISS are presented as well.
Forming the Rational Telemetry Message Traffic of Rocket and Space Engineering under the Restrictions on the Resources of Data-Transmission Channels.
Authors: Matyushin M.M. , Kuimov A.V.
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the formulation of the mathematical problem for developing the rational telemetry message traffic via data-transmission channels. The source data region, required varying parameters, indicators and criteria of quality for the telemetry message traffic, and restrictions on the permissible solutions region were determined. The methodology for solving the set problem using the mathematical apparatus of sequential optimization is proposed. The developed methodology was tested using the source data and telemetric information recorded during launches of “conditionally light” spacecraft by the “Proton-M” launcher vehicle with the “Briz-M” upper stage from the Baikonur cosmodrome.
ABOUT THE PROGRAM OF THE STAFF OF THE URFU STUDENT TEAMS ON THE FORMATION OF FUTURE SKILLS
Authors: PONOMAREV Alexander V. , KOSTIN Nikita A.
Published: September 2021

The article emphasizes the importance of the skills of the future in the training of a modern specialist in the labor market. A list of relevant skills of the future is given. A research design is presented in the development of a program for the formation of the skills of the future in the environment of student teams. The article analyzes the scientific literature on the topic of this study, describes the portrait of a soldier of the student detachments of UrFU in the context of the skills of the future. Conclusions are made about the skills of the future that are in demand by the fighters of student teams. Technologies for the formation of the skills of the future in the environment of student teams are proposed. The article presents a program for the formation of the skills of the future among the student teams of the Ural Federal University. The program consists of 4 modules: an information module, which includes 4 lectures from the speakers of the UPI, Ural State University-Ural Federal University Alumni Association and the Ural Federal University's Center of Universal Competencies "4K", an interactive module consisting of four trainings, a project module including "Creative Laboratory". The practical module contains five activities aimed at building the skills of the future. The results of testing some of the elements of the program for the formation of skills in the environment of student teams are presented. The conclusion is made about the significant potential of the movement of student teams in the formation of the skills of the future.