bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE BIOGRAPHY OF A FRAGMENT. A LATE MESOLITHIC ANTLER OBJECT FROM THE STRANDVÄGEN SITE, SOUTH CENTRAL SWEDEN
Authors: Larsson Lars , Molin Fredrik
Published: January 2025

When investigating a settlement dated to the late Mesolithic, c.5500 cal BC, at Strandvägen in south‐central Sweden, an extensive assemblage of implements made of bone and antler was found. Among these finds was a richly decorated antler piece, likely part of an antler axe. Originally it was equipped with shallow ornamentation that was later removed and replaced by a second deeper motif of longitudinal bands with filling, occurring in three distinct zones. The degrees of precision shown, manners of execution and motif selection in the later set of decorations suggest that more than one person carried it out. Subsequently, the axe was broken and transformed into another tool, probably a harpoon, which eventually also became fragmented. Finally, the remaining part was deliberately deposited among other selected finds on a stone platform in the river just off the shoreline of the settlement.
Measured Resection as Gap Balance Method in Mobile‐Bearing Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Qian , Ren Jianhua , Zhang Wenhui , Liang Tangzhao , Wang Zhe , Xie Siwei , Li Yuhang , Hou Jianfeng , Wang Kun , He Ronghan
Published: January 2025

Objective

Gap balancing is a vital process during mobile‐bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (MB‐UKA). However, this process commonly depends on the surgeon's experience and lacks specific unified standards. This study aimed to propose and evaluate a novel “measured resection” method for gap balance in MB‐UKA.

Methods

This prospective study included 49 consecutive patients (52 knees) who underwent MB‐UKA from February 1, 2023, to September 1, 2023. Gap balance was achieved by the traditional “two‐finger” method (Group 1, 26 knees) or the measured resection method (Group 2, 26 knees). The novel “measured resection” method was performed by measuring the thickness of the resected posterior femoral condyle and resected medial posterior tibial plateau to assess proper meniscal bearing thickness. Data were collected at baseline and the 6‐month follow‐up. Prosthetic angles, range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS) score, Oxford knee score (OKS), and Global Perceived Scale (GPE) were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. Independent samples t‐test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare the differences.

Results

There were significant improvements in all measured outcomes at the 6‐month follow‐up from baseline in both groups (p < 0.01). Patients using measured resection method showed better ROM (130° vs. 120°, p = 0.007), VAS score (1 vs. 2, p = 0.013), and OKS scores (39.9 vs. 38.1, p = 0.013) at 6‐month follow‐up than the traditional “two‐finger” method group. The prosthetic angles, ROM improvement, and GPE showed no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The measured resection method is a reliable method for assisting surgeons in choosing the ideal meniscal bearing thickness in MB‐UKA to achieve proper gap balance and gain better clinical outcomes.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03815448)
Neighborhood Crime Risk and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Children's Neural Reactivity to Emotional Stimuli
Authors: Beauvilaire Celeste J. , Gibb Brandon E.
Published: January 2025

Research has shown that exposure to higher rates of neighborhood disadvantage and contextual threat increases risk for the development of psychopathology in youth, with some evidence that these effects may differ across racial/ethnic groups. Although studies have shown that direct exposure to stress impacts neural responses to threat‐relevant stimuli, less is known about how neighborhood characteristics more generally (e.g., living in neighborhood characterized by high crime risk, whether or not the individual directly experiences any crime) may impact children's neural responses to threat. To address this question, we examined links between census‐derived indices of neighborhood crime and neural reactivity to emotional stimuli in a sample of 100 children (Mage = 9.64, 54% girls, 65% non‐Hispanic White) and whether these differ for children from minority backgrounds compared to non‐Hispanic White children. Focusing on the late positive potential (LPP) event‐related potential (ERP) component, we examined neural reactivity to threat‐relevant stimuli (fearful faces) as well as nonthreat‐relevant negative (sad faces) and positive (happy faces) stimuli across low, medium, and high intensities (morph levels). We found that levels of neighborhood crime risk were associated with larger LPP amplitudes for high‐intensity fearful, but not happy or sad faces, but only among children from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds. This suggests that levels of crime risk within one's neighborhood may be a more salient stressor for children from minority racial‐ethnic groups than for non‐Hispanic White children.
Traveling Viral Waves for a Spatial May–Nowak Model with Hybrid Local and Nonlocal Dispersal
Authors: Wang Jie , Guo Jinfen , Zhu Chuanhui , Wang Shuang‐Ming
Published: January 2025

To investigate the spatial dynamics of viruses propagating between host cells, the current paper is devoted to studying the existence and nonexistence of viral waves for a reaction–diffusion and May–Nowak system with hybrid dispersal. Specifically, we define a critical wave speed threshold to determine the existence of traveling waves when the viral infection reproduction number . By employing the upper/lower solutions along with the Schauder's fixed‐point theorem, the existence of traveling waves connecting the uninfected and infected states is determined for each wave speed . Conversely, nonexistence is demonstrated through the application of the negative one‐sided Laplace transform for the case . The nonexistence of traveling waves in the case is also demonstrated. Finally, some novel coupled numerical algorithms are developed to analyze the traveling viral waves and asymptotic spreading speed of the model on account of the actual hybrid dispersal features, which strongly shows that the introduction of nonlocal dispersal will accelerate viral infection.
Intersectional precarity of Hazara Afghan refugee migrants in rural Australia
Authors: Radford David , Tan George , Krivokapic‐Skoko Branka , Hetz Heidi
Published: January 2025

This article explores the precarity of Hazara Afghan refugee migrants in a small Australian rural township to elucidate the complexity of the experiences and recognise the multiple and fluid identities of refugee migrants through the lens of intersectionality. The use of an intersectional approach allowed us to unpack precarity in refugee mobilities and better place and understand rural Australia as the social context for their resettlement experiences. Our article highlights how pathways to permanent settlement and family reunification are structured by the refugee visa regimes, which require refugees to work or study in rural areas. This structuring of refugee rural mobilities through refugee visa regimes intensifies the levels and experiences of everyday precarity, exploitation and marginalisation. This article considers how intersectionality can help us understand the complexity of the experiences and recognise multiple identities and inequalities that are dependent on the particularities associated with a rural context. The qualitative fieldwork involving semi‐structured interviews with Hazara Afghan refugee migrants and community stakeholders demonstrates how different identities intersect to create disadvantages and inequalities for Hazaras, which we explore through the intersections of precarious legal status (as refugees/asylum seekers), employment, age and masculinity.
Humeral Head‐Split Fracture in Two Dogs
Authors: Isaac Ingrid , Faux Ian , Clements Dylan Neil , Mai Wilfried , Kapatkin Amy , Schwarz Tobias
Published: January 2025

Two skeletally immature female dogs were each investigated for chronic weight‐bearing thoracic limb lameness. The first patient was lame for 2 months following a tumble whilst playing, and the second patient had been intermittently lame since 3 weeks of age. In both cases, radiographic examination of the shoulder revealed fissuring of the caudal humeral head consistent with an incomplete proximal humeral Salter‐Harris type IV fracture with an Enoki‐mushroom‐like appearance of the caudal fragment, where two heads rise from a common stem. There was secondary neoarthrosis of the caudal humeral head fragment with the glenoid rim of the scapula. Humeral head‐split fracture is an unusual fracture pattern that rarely occurs in skeletally immature patients, and conservative management appears to result in reasonable short‐term outcomes. The role of early detection and surgical intervention remains unknown.
Causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines, metabolites, and ulcers of lower limb: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Mo Yongjun , Zhou Peilin , Wang Wenqiang , Liu Yongzhen , Lin Zhanming , Dong Shunan , Wei Lu , Nie Xinyu , Hua Qikai
Published: January 2025

Inflammatory cytokines are key indicators affecting the development of ulcers of lower limb. The causal role of inflammatory cytokines in ulcers of lower limb and whether this can be mediated by metabolites remain unknown. We conducted a two‐step, two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal effect of inflammatory cytokines on ulcers of lower limb and the mediating role of metabolites in the association between inflammatory cytokines and ulcers of lower limb. MR analysis identified seven inflammatory cytokines (CCL19, IL‐12β, MCP4, MIP1a, SCF, sirtuin2, and TNFSF9) that promote ulcers of lower limb. Additionally, 56 metabolites were found to be associated with ulcers of lower limb. Mediation MR indicated that the causal effect of sirtuin2 on ulcers of lower limb (total effect Inverse Variance Weighted [IVW]: odds ratio [OR] = 1.162, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.051, 1.285], p = 0.003) is largely mediated by 4‐hydroxyphenylacetate (0.0185, 95% CI [−0.00278, 0.0397], accounting for 11.1% of the total effect).
The legacy continues: Ethnobotanical knowledge of the Uzbekistan Koryoin
Authors: KIM Aleksey Leontievich , JEONG Hyeon Jin , JANG Ju Eun , JUNG Su Young , CHOI Hyeok Jae , JANG Chang-Gee , GIL Hee-Young
Published: January 2025

In the 1930s, Koreans residing in the Russian Far East were forcibly relocated to Central Asia by the Soviet Union, wherein they have subsequently become established as the Koryoin (Koryo-saram) community. Despite this displacement, whilst adapting to the new environment the Koryoin have maintained their Korean cultural traditions, resulting in a fusion of Korean and Central Asian ethnobotanical knowledge. The aim of this study was to document the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Koryoin in Uzbekistan and examine their ability to maintain traditional Korean practices whilst adapting to the Uzbek culture, through comparative analysis. We conducted a survey in the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan, where a majority of the Uzbek Koryoin currently resides, among which 31 Koryoin respondents participated. Respondents identified 72 plant taxa across 28 botanical families, with the majority, comprising 51 taxa and 358 citations, used for food purposes. Medicinal plants accounted for 26 taxa and 95 citations, whereas 8 taxa with 51 citations were used for household/handicraft purposes. Among these plants, a large proportion are still actively used (53%), whereas 30% are currently used passively, with a smaller proportion (17%) tending to be only partially retained in cultural practices. The ethnobotanical knowledge of the Koryoin people is characterized by an amalgamation of Korean and Central Asian traditions, preserving Korean practices whilst adapting to the local flora and customs. Several plants have continued to be used in ways consistent with Korean traditional practices, although the Koryoin have progressively incorporated Central Asian species into Korean recipes and adopted local plants for use. Our findings emphasize the resilience of the Koryoin in preserving their cultural identity, despite the challenges presented by displacement and cultural assimilation.
Psychology of Esports Special Issue: A Catalyst for Change
Authors: Sharpe Benjamin T. , Birch Phil D. J.
Published: January 2025

The special issue on “Psychology of Esports: Breakdown under Pressure” represents a significant advancement in understanding the psychological aspects of competitive gaming. The collected works explore diverse topics, including mental health, cognitive processes, performance factors, and practical applications in esports. Key findings highlight the high prevalence of mental health issues among professional players, the importance of cognitive training and visual attention, and the impact of communication styles on team performance. Theoretical frameworks are proposed for integrating performance psychology theories and understanding decision-making processes in esports. The research also examines psychophysiological stress responses and motivational factors, influencing performance. Challenges in the field are identified, including the need for more robust theoretical foundations, improved ecological validity, and larger sample sizes. Future directions for research are suggested, emphasizing longitudinal studies, cross-cultural perspectives, and interdisciplinary approaches. The special issue underscores the rapid growth of esports psychology as a field and the critical need for evidence-based practices to support the health, well-being, and performance of esports athletes in an evolving competitive landscape.
A powerful but frequently overlooked role of thermodynamics in environmental microbiology: inspirations from anammox
Authors: Li Zibin , Zhou Mingda , Ran Xiaochuan , Wang Weigang , Wang Han , Wang Tong , Wang Yayi
Published: January 2025

Thermodynamics has long been applied in predicting undiscovered microorganisms or analyzing energy flows in microbial metabolism, as well as evaluating microbial impacts on global element distributions. However, further development and refinement in this interdisciplinary field are still needed. This work endeavors to develop a whole-cycle framework integrating thermodynamics with microbiological studies, focusing on representative nitrogen-transforming microorganisms. Three crucial concepts (reaction favorability, energy balance, and reaction directionality) are discussed in relation to nitrogen-transforming reactions. Specifically, reaction favorability, which sheds lights on understanding the diversity of nitrogen-transforming microorganisms, has also provided guidance for novel bioprocess development. Energy balance, enabling the quantitative comparison of microbial energy efficiency, unravels the competitiveness of nitrogen-transforming microorganisms under substrate-limiting conditions. Reaction directionality, revealing the niche-differentiating patterns of nitrogen-transforming microorganisms, provides a foundation for predicting biogeochemical reactions under various environmental conditions. This review highlights the need for a more comprehensive integration of thermodynamics in environmental microbiology, aiming to comprehensively understand microbial impacts on the global environment from micro to macro scales.
Novel technologies for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections
Authors: Bermudez Tomas , Schmitz Jonathan E. , Boswell Malcolm , Humphries Romney
Published: January 2025

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impose a substantial burden on patient quality of life and urine testing accounts for the majority of workload in many clinical microbiology laboratories. Traditional UTI diagnosis relies on symptoms, urinalysis, and culture which are interpreted based on historical guidelines. This approach, while foundational, presents limitations, particularly in complex cases. Low-level bacteriuria and the presence of fastidious organisms are often overlooked or entirely missed in standard urine culture, stressing the need for novel diagnostic methods and technologies. This mini-review summarizes the existing state of UTI diagnostics in 2024 and covers current and upcoming technologies including rapid molecular-based pathogen identification, next-generation sequencing, and advanced antimicrobial susceptibility testing. However, these methods represent unique challenges, and as they are implemented, they will require the field to adapt to new concepts to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment.
Rapidly spreading
Enterobacterales
with OXA-48-like carbapenemases
Authors: Peirano Gisele , Pitout Johann D. D.
Published: January 2025

Enterobacterales
(mostly
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Escherichia coli
) with OXA-48-like carbapenemases (e.g., OXA-48, -181, -232, -244) are undermining the global efficiency of carbapenem therapy. In the Middle East, North Africa, and some European countries, OXA-48-like carbapenemases are the most common types of carbapenemases among
Enterobacterales
. Currently, OXA-48 is endemic in the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, France, and Belgium; OXA-181 is endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Subcontinent, while OXA-232 has been increasing in the Indian Subcontinent. European countries (e.g., Germany, Denmark, Switzerland, France) are experiencing community outbreaks with
E. coli
ST38 that produce OXA-244, and these strains have been introduced into Norwegian, Polish, and Czech hospitals. The global ascendancy of OXA-48-like genes is due to the combination of carbapenemases with horizontal spread through promiscuous plasmids (e.g., IncL, IncX3, ColE2) and vertical spread with certain high-risk multidrug-resistant clones (e.g.,
K. pneumoniae
ST14, ST15, ST147, ST307;
E. coli
ST38, ST410). This is a powerful “gene survival strategy” that has assisted with the survival of OXA-48-like genes in different environments including the community setting. The laboratory diagnosis is complex; therefore, bacteria with “difficult to detect” variants (e.g., OXA-244, OXA-484) are likely underreported and are spreading silently “beneath the radar” in hospital and community settings.
K. pneumoniae
and
E. coli
with OXA-48-like carbapenemases are forces to be reckoned with.
Betacoronavirus internal protein: role in immune evasion and viral pathogenesis
Authors: Gunawardene Chaminda D. , Wong Lok-Yin Roy
Published: January 2025

Betacoronaviruses express a small internal (I) protein that is encoded by the same subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) as the nucleocapsid (N) protein. Translation of the +1 reading frame of the N sgRNA through leaky ribosomal scanning leads to expression of the I protein. The I protein is an accessory protein reported to evade host innate immune responses during coronavirus infection. Previous studies have shown that the I proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus suppress type I interferon production by distinct mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the I proteins of betacoronaviruses from different subgenera, with emphasis on its function and role in pathogenesis.
Supplemental Material: Tracking thermal histories through the detrital record using rutile U-Pb-He double-dating
Authors: Dröllner Maximilian , al. et
Published: January 2025

Texts S1–S5, Figures S1–S9, and Tables S1–S7. 
Supplemental Material: New 40Ar/39Ar eruption ages reveal an important temporal relationship between mafic and silicic volcanism in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field
Authors: Messa Cole M. , al. et
Published: January 2025

Details on 40Ar/39Ar methodology and results. 
Using a novel smartphone app to track noise and vibration exposure during neonatal ambulance transport
Authors: Partridge Tom , Leslie Andrew , Mistry Aarti , Simpson Rosalind B , Morris David E , McNally Donal , Crowe John , Sharkey Don
Published: January 2025

Objective

To assess the utility of a bespoke smartphone app to map noise and vibration exposure across neonatal road ambulance journeys.

Design and setting

Prospective observational study of ambulance journeys across a large UK neonatal transport service. Smartphones, with an in-house developed app, were secured to incubator trolleys to collect vibration and noise data for comparison with international standards. A case study exploring alternative routes between hospitals was undertaken.

Results

Over a 12-month period, the app was used to collect data from 1487 interhospital journeys totalling 81 925 km. Noise positively correlated with increasing vehicle speed. Noise exposure never fell below the recommended 45 dB(A) threshold for neonatal patients and exceeded 70 dB(A) for more than 60% of the time. During patient transfers, vibration would be classed as uncomfortable for healthy adults for 68% of journeys. Comparison of 111 journeys on two different routes between the same hospitals demonstrated significantly lower vibration exposure depending on the road type. Safe levels of adult vibration exposure were exceeded on 19% of non-motorway and 3% of motorway journeys between the two hospitals. Vibration and noise levels were significantly higher on concrete compared with asphalt road surface.

Conclusions

It is feasible for neonatal teams to collect detailed route, vibration and noise exposure data using a calibrated smartphone and bespoke app. Collecting large amounts of data and providing live measures to teams could help quantify excessive exposures and guide reduction strategies of these environmental stressors for the benefit of babies, staff and equipment.
Natural language processing tool for extracting information about opioid overdoses in the USA from case narratives in the violent death reporting system
Authors: Omaki Elise , Restrepo Felipe , Shields Wendy C. , Abrahams Alan
Published: January 2025

Background

Improving the infrastructure for drug overdose surveillance is critical for identifying new threats and responding to emerging trends. We aimed to develop a prototype tool using the principles of natural language processing that can extract information from the death records of drug overdose victims.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Violent Death Reporting System on drug overdose deaths. Narratives were manually labelled for 12 attributes of interest, totalling 82 labels about the circumstances of the overdose. Narratives were passed through the ‘Excel Extractor’ to identify and extract a target phrase and subsequently map the extracted phrase to predetermined code values. The output from the Excel Extractor was compared with manually labelled data to determine accuracy. Performance was compared against multiple machine learning models.

Results

The Excel Extractor performed well across the attributes of interest, achieving an F1 Score over 0.8 on nine of the 12 attributes. The Excel Extractor was the highest performing model on seven of the 12 attributes. The Excel Extractor achieved an F1 Score of 0.8 or higher on 46 of 82 (56%) of the labels, and a score of 0.9 or higher on nearly one-third (25 out of 82) of the labels.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates it is feasible to develop a spreadsheet-formula-based natural language processing tool to accurately extract information about drug overdose deaths from narratives; for most attributes, a rule-based search performs well or better than deep learning. The Excel Extractor has the potential to streamline data abstraction for epidemiologists gathering data about drug overdose deaths.
Past, present and future of injury prevalence in high-income countries: insights and projections up to 2030 from the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Saleib Suriel-Kyrillos M. , Charalampous Periklis , Van Vledder Mark G. , Halm Jens A. , Verhofstad Michael M.A. , Van Waes Oscar J.F. , Haagsma Juanita A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Injury prevalence is a metric which can be used to understand healthcare utilisation and prioritise injuries based on the magnitude of the injury rate. Given the ageing population in high-income countries and subsequently ageing of the injured population, the probability of long-term or permanent consequences of injuries is also likely to increase. By understanding past trends and exploiting patterns of prevalence injury rates (PIRs), future PIRs can be predicted.

Design

Data on PIRs from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD2019) were collected. To understand past trends of GBD2019, joinpoint regression analysis was used to find trends expressed as annual per cent changes (APCs), averaged APCs and to compare trends across injuries. To project future PIRs up to 2030, autoregressive integrated moving average time series analysis was used on the GBD2019 data.

Results

All injuries showed negative averaged APCs during 1990–2019, However, an increased PIR is found for the last APC period of the same time interval, the greatest being in amputations with 2.3 (2.1–2.4). All PIR trends were statistically neither parallel nor identical across the injuries. Forecasts showed an absolute and relative increase in PIR projection.

Conclusion

The PIRs positively declined in the past. However, the latest past trends up to 2019 increased, as well as the forecasts to 2030. Reflection and advocating for strategies to mitigate the possible outcome of increased PIRs are given. This proactive approach will form the foundation for future resource allocation and planning. Additionally, there may be a need to adjust current treatment strategies and standards to address the expected increase in demand.
Differential impact of cervical cancer in immigrant women: a decade-long epidemiological study in the Marche Region, Italy
Authors: Di Biagio Katiuscia , Bracci Raffaella , Peconi Chiara , Gasperini Beatrice , Manasse Sonia , Pompili Marco , Sarti Donatella , Lanari Alice , Prospero Emilia
Published: January 2025

Background

Cervical cancer is primarily caused by persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infections, with significant disparities observed in its burden, especially affecting immigrant populations from high HPV prevalence regions. This study evaluates the incidence and severity of cervical cancer in immigrant women in the Marche region, Italy, from 2010 to 2019.

Methods

We employed a detailed analysis of population-based data from the Marche Cancer Registry using the age-standardised incidence rates (IRs) and Poisson regression models for in situ cervical cancer (ISCC) and infiltrating cervical cancer (ICC).

Results

The IRs for ICC and ISCC among immigrant women are alarmingly higher compared with their Italian counterparts; IR for ICC in immigrant women is 26.5 per 100 000 women-years, compared with 7.9 in Italian women. For ISCC, the IR is 55.1 for immigrants versus 29.2 for Italians.

Immigrant women showed a median age at diagnosis for ICC of 49 years, almost a decade younger than Italian women, and they were more likely to have squamous cell histology, which is linked to high-risk HPV strains.

Conclusions

The study reveals a substantially higher incidence of both ISCC and ICC among immigrant women with ICC diagnosed 8 years previously. These findings underscore the pressing need for culturally and linguistically tailored public health interventions, including improved access to screening and vaccination for HPV, to address the elevated risk and earlier onset of cervical cancer in immigrant women in Italy. The study highlights the critical role of preventive measures in reducing health disparities and enhancing the efficacy of public health policies.
Spatial and single-cell transcriptomics reveal cellular heterogeneity and a novel cancer-promoting Treg cell subset in human clear-cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Song Xiyu , Zhu Yumeng , Geng Wenwen , Jiao Jianhua , Liu Hongjiao , Chen Ruo , He Qian , Wang Lijuan , Sun Xiuxuan , Qin Weijun , Geng Jiejie , Chen Zhinan
Published: January 2025

Background

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histologic type of RCC. However, the spatial and functional heterogeneity of immunosuppressive cells and the mechanisms by which their interactions promote immunosuppression in the ccRCC have not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods

To further investigate the cellular and regional heterogeneity of ccRCC, we analyzed single-cell and spatial transcriptome RNA sequencing data from four patients, which were obtained from samples from multiple regions, including the tumor core, tumor-normal interface, and distal normal tissue. On the basis, the findings were investigated in vitro using tissue and blood samples from 15 patients with ccRCC and validated in the broader samples on tissue microarrays.

Results

In this study, we revealed previously unreported subsets of both stromal and immune cells, as well as mapped their spatial location at finer resolution. In addition, we validated the clusters of tumor cells after removing batch effects according to six characterized gene sets, including epithelial-mesenchymal transitionhighclusters, metastatic clusters and proximal tubulehighclusters. Importantly, we identified a special regulatory T (Treg) cell subpopulation that has the molecular characteristics of terminal effector Treg cells but expresses multiple cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. This group of Treg cells has stronger immunosuppressive function and was associated with a worse prognosis in ccRCC cohorts. They were colocalized withMRC1+FOLR2+tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) at the tumor-normal interface to form a positive feedback loop, maintaining a synergistic procarcinogenic effect. In addition, we traced the origin of IL-1β+Treg cells and revealed that IL-18 can induce the expression of IL-1β in Treg cells via the ERK/NF-κB pathway.

Conclusions

We demonstrated a novel cancer-promoting Treg cell subset and its interactions withMRC1+FOLR2+TAMs, which provides new insight into Treg cell heterogeneity and potential therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
Tract-specific white matter hyperintensities and neuropsychiatric syndromes: a multicentre memory clinic study
Authors: Kan Cheuk Ni , Coenen Mirthe , Xu Xin , Hilal Saima , Barkhof Frederik , Benke Thomas , Dal-Bianco Peter , DeCarli Charles , Duering Marco , Enzinger Christian , Exalto Lieza G , Fletcher Evan F , Hofer Edith , Koek Huiberdina L , Kuijf Hugo J , Maillard Pauline M , Moonen Justine E F , Papma Janne M , Pijnenburg Yolande A L , Schmidt Reinhold , Steketee Rebecca M E , van den Berg Esther , van der Flier Wiesje M , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Vernooij Meike W , Wolters Frank J , Biessels Geert Jan , Chen Christopher Li-Hsian , Biesbroek J Matthijs , Tan Chin Hong
Published: January 2025

Background

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia but the functional significance of WMH in specific white matter (WM) tracts is unclear. We investigate whether WMH burden within major WM fibre classes and individual WM tracts are differentially associated with different neuropsychiatric syndromes in a large multicentre study.

Method

Neuroimaging and neuropsychiatric data of seven memory clinic cohorts through the Meta VCI Map consortium were harmonised. Class-based analyses of major WM fibres (association, commissural and projection) and region-of-interest-based analyses on 11 individual WM tracts were used to evaluate associations of WMH volume with severity of hyperactivity, psychosis, affective and apathy syndromes.

Results

Among 2935 patients (50.4% women; mean age=72.2 years; 19.8% subjective cognitive impairment, 39.8% mild cognitive impairment, and 40.4% dementia), larger WMH volume within projection fibres (B=0.24, SE=0.10, p=0.013) was associated with greater apathy. Larger WMH volume within association (B=0.31, SE=0.12, p=0.009), commissural (B=0.47, SE=0.17, p=0.006) and projection (B=0.39, SE=0.16, p=0.016) fibres was associated with greater hyperactivity, driven by the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (B=0.50, SE=0.18, p=0.006), forceps major (B=0.48, SE=0.18, p=0.009) and anterior thalamic radiation (B=0.49, SE=0.19, p=0.011), respectively. Larger WMH volume in the uncinate fasciculus (B=1.82, SE=0.67, p=0.005) and forceps minor (B=0.61, SE=0.19, p=0.001) were additionally associated with greater apathy. No associations with affective and psychosis were observed.

Conclusions

Tract-syndrome specificity of WMH burden with apathy and hyperactivity suggests that disruption of strategic neuronal pathways may be a potential mechanism through which small vessel disease affects emotional and behavioural regulation in memory clinic patients.
Contract and sustain: evaluating the results of progressive implementation of limited entry and catch shares in West Coast and Alaska Fisheries over four decades
Authors: Holland Daniel S. , Kasperski Stephen , Abbott Joshua K.
Published: January 2025

Access to West Coast and Alaskan fisheries has been progressively tightened for more than four decades with limited license programs, buybacks, and catch share programs. We document the implementation of a series of limited access and catch share programs in federally and state managed fisheries of the West Coast and Alaska, and evaluate trends in participation, diversification, vessel revenue, and variation of revenue between 1981 and 2022 for this large interconnected system of fisheries. Over time, progressive tightening through further input controls, buybacks, and catch shares led to substantial consolidation and greater specialization coinciding with increased temporal diversification, maintained or increased revenue per vessel, and reduced variation in inter-annual revenue. However, low levels of fishery diversification for many fishers, and high dependency on a few key fisheries, may have left fishers vulnerable to ecological and economic shocks that impacted key fisheries leading to increased income variation and further declines in participation in recent years.
Personalized Recommendation Algorithm for Optimizing English Vocabulary Learning Using Neural Networks
Authors: Qi Di
Published: January 2025

Learning vocabulary is the process of gaining the foundational knowledge needed to acquire a second language. The majority of children learn vocabulary by accident when they are exposed to words indirectly at home and school by chatting and listening, reading aloud from books, and engaging in extensive independent reading. Accurate spelling, precise pronunciation, appropriate word usage, and efficient vocabulary retention or remembering are among the challenges associated with acquiring English vocabulary. In this, we proposed a novel student psychology optimized intellectual deep neural network (SPO-IDNN) for personalized recommendations of English vocabulary learning. Optimizing feature learning and temporal information processing enhances the model’s capacity to acquire language across various textual contexts. In this study, we collected the data from the wiki dataset used to classify English words. Data preprocessing techniques that preprocess the gathered text using stemming, lemmatization, punctuation, special character removal, stop word removal, and case normalization improve understanding and memory of English vocabulary acquisition. TF-IDF facilitates the learning of English vocabulary to find essential words in documents. The classification task, considering temporal dependencies, was achieved using our proposed model. The proposed method is compared to the other traditional algorithms. Implemented in Python, our approach focuses on English vocabulary learning performance metrics. The overall performance in terms of recall (0.98), accuracy (0.97), and F1-score (0.96). The result shows the proposed method has achieved better performance. English speakers will benefit from this study’s efficient and accurate natural language processing technologies, which will facilitate language application and understanding while also enhancing vocabulary development and comprehension.
Multiimage Encryption Algorithm Based on 2D Hyperchaotic Map and 3D Random Cyclic Diffusion
Authors: Dong Shi , Xue Ru , Lin Feng , Ding Fuhao , Han Yixin
Published: January 2025

With increasing remote work and online learning, there is a growing demand for image encryption algorithms with sufficient capacity and efficiency. In this paper, we propose an effective multiimage encryption algorithm. By coupling the Sine map and some useful mathematical functions, we design a two-dimensional hyperchaotic system (2D SFCM). After evaluating different chaos indicators, it is found that the Lyapunov exponent and the permutation entropy of 2D SFCM are significantly higher than those of other chaotic mappings. Additionally, its sample entropy has an average value of 1.916. These results indicate that the chaotic sequences generated by 2D SFCM exhibit a high level of randomness. The pseudo-random sequences generated by this chaotic system are combined with image encryption algorithms to shuffle 3D images by accessing pixels from different planes. Using randomly determined pixel points, cyclic diffusion is performed on each plane to ensure that the pixel information at any point extends to the whole 3D image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits good key sensitivity and robustness. Numerical results show that the algorithm has considerable capabilities in resisting common attacks. Compared to related algorithms, our algorithm shows certain advantages in terms of information entropy and resistance to differential attacks.
Could Regressing a Stationary Series on a Non-Stationary Series Obtain Meaningful Outcomes?
Authors: Wong Wing-Keung , Yue Mu
Published: January 2025

We have read many papers in the literature and found that some papers report results of regressing a stationary time series on a non-stationary time series (we call it the [Formula: see text] model). However, very few studies, if there are any, examine the [Formula: see text] model and the robustness of inference in such settings remains an open question. To bridge the gap in the literature, in this paper, we investigate whether regressing a stationary time series, [Formula: see text], on a non-stationary time series, [Formula: see text] (that is, [Formula: see text]) could get any meaningful result. To do so, we first conduct a simulation and find regressing a stationary time series on a non-stationary time series could be spurious. Thereafter, we develop the estimation and testing theory for the [Formula: see text] model and find that the statistics [Formula: see text] for testing [Formula: see text] versus [Formula: see text] from the traditional regression model (we call it [Formula: see text] model) does not have any asymptote distribution with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text], and thus, it cannot be used for the [Formula: see text] model. We have found other interesting results as shown in our paper. Thus, our paper extends the spurious regression literature to cover a previously unexplored case, thereby contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of time series modeling and inference.
An In-Depth Analysis of Password Managers and Two-Factor Authentication Tools
Authors: Jubur Mohammed , Shrestha Prakash , Saxena Nitesh
Published: January 2025

Passwords remain the primary authentication method in online services, a domain increasingly crucial in our digital age. However, passwords suffer from several well-documented security and usability issues. Addressing these concerns, password managers and two-factor authentication (2FA) have emerged as key solutions. This article examines these methods with a focus on enhancing password security without compromising usability. We utilize an adapted Bonneau et al. (IEEE S&P 2012) framework tailored to the specific challenges of password managers and 2FA. This allows us to categorize and evaluate prominent solutions from both academic research and industry practice, with a focus on their security, privacy, and usability. A crucial aspect of our study involves evaluating the effectiveness of a combined PM+2FA system in balancing security and usability. This study not only examines current trends but also suggests potential areas for future research, offering valuable insights to both users and developers in the evolving landscape of digital security.
Data-centric Artificial Intelligence: A Survey
Authors: Zha Daochen , Bhat Zaid Pervaiz , Lai Kwei-Herng , Yang Fan , Jiang Zhimeng , Zhong Shaochen , Hu Xia
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is making a profound impact in almost every domain. A vital enabler of its great success is the availability of abundant and high-quality data for building machine learning models. Recently, the role of data in AI has been significantly magnified, giving rise to the emerging concept of
data-centric AI
. The attention of researchers and practitioners has gradually shifted from advancing model design to enhancing the quality and quantity of the data. In this survey, we discuss the necessity of data-centric AI, followed by a holistic view of three general data-centric goals (training data development, inference data development, and data maintenance) and the representative methods. We also organize the existing literature from automation and collaboration perspectives, discuss the challenges, and tabulate the benchmarks for various tasks. We believe this is the first comprehensive survey that provides a global view of a spectrum of tasks across various stages of the data lifecycle. We hope it can help the readers efficiently grasp a broad picture of this field, and equip them with the techniques and further research ideas to systematically engineer data for building AI systems. A companion list of data-centric AI resources will be regularly updated on
https://github.com/daochenzha/data-centric-AI
.
Bimetallic Supramolecular Polymer Based on Cu(I)-Fe(II)-for Electrochemical Nitrite Sensor: Analysis of Kinetics and Mechanistic Overview
Authors: Karmaker Niloy , Saha Protity , Shital Regoana Amin , Nayem S. M. Abu , Awal Abdul , Hossain Md. Delwar , Ahammad A. J. Saleh
Published: January 2025

Considering the detrimental effects of nitrite (NO2
−) ion, we designed a bimetallic-supramolecular polymer (HMSMP), combining two mostly abundant transition metals Cu(I) and Fe(II) salts and terpyridine moieties [4′,4‴′-(1,4-Phenylene) bis(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine)] (polyCuFe), to evaluate the sensitivity and selectivity of glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) toward NO2
− ions. A range of morphological and elemental experiments were carried to signify the formation and structural backbone of polyCuFe with composition of the material. With a molecular weight of 5.57 × 104 Da of the polymer, a symmetrical ligand was formed with terpyridine moieties and bimetallic interactions. The electrochemical nature of polyCuFe_GCE was examined using cyclic voltammetry analysis, revealing a low detection limit of 0.102 μM across a broad linear range of 2–1000 μM. A detail reaction mechanism was postulated based on the kinetics study. Finally, stability, interface and applicability test showed excellent recovery, anti-interference activity with high stability, affirming the sensor’s practical reliability.
Electrochemical Behavior of Cr(III/II) in MgCl2-NaCl-KCl Melt and its Potential Application for Corrosion Inhibition of 316H Stainless Steel
Authors: Peng Wen , Zuo Yong , Huang Wei , Gong Yu
Published: January 2025

Understanding the behavior of Cr(III/II) in molten salt environments is crucial for effective corrosion control. A systematic study is conducted on the redox behavior of Cr(III)/Cr(II) and Cr(II)/Cr in the MgCl2-NaCl-KCl (MNKC) melt, with electrochemical methods used to determine the redox mechanism, formal standard potential, and diffusion coefficients. The corrosion performance of 316H stainless steel (316HSS) is examined in H2-treated MNKC-CrCl2 and Cr-equilibrated MNKC-CrCl2 systems, revealing corrosion in the former and corrosion inhibition in the latter. This phenomenon is explained from a thermodynamic perspective, with a corrosion inhibition threshold condition of C

Cr(II)
≥ 32.05C

Cr(III)

2/3. Both experimental and thermodynamic evaluation results suggests the viability of the Cr-equilibrated Cr(II) for corrosion inhibition in the MNKC melt. These findings highlight the intricate relationship between redox behavior and corrosion inhibition in molten salt systems, offering valuable insights for future research and practical applications.
Mechanical Properties and Acoustic Velocity for Nanostructured AlxIn1-xPySbzAs1-y-z Alloy Under the Impact of Pressure
Authors: Elkenany Elkenany Brens , Dhahri R. , Al-Syadi A. M. , Alfrnwani O. A.
Published: January 2025

The mechanical properties of AlxIn1-xPySbzAs1-y-z alloy under the impact of pressure have been studied. Also, the acoustic velocity of AlxIn1-xPySbzAs1-y-z alloy under the influence of pressure has been investigated. Calculations have been made for the considered alloy lattice matched to the InP substrate. The empirical pseudopotential method with the virtual crystal approximation was used. The stability requirements, which depend on the elastic constants found at different pressures, evaluate the mechanical stability under the pressures. There is good agreement between the calculated results and the available experimental data. The calculated results can be used in optoelectronic applications under high-pressure values.
Influence of the Recyclate Content on the Process Stability and Part Quality of Injection Moulded Post‐Consumer Polyolefins
Authors: Wagner Pia , Kleinsorge Jan , Hopmann Christian
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the drive to adopt sustainable practices and develop eco‐friendly processes and products has gained significant momentum in the global polymer industry. A key component of this shift is the increased use of recycled materials, which not only align with environmental goals, but also offer considerable economic advantages. Integrating post‐consumer recyclates (PCRs) into manufacturing processes, particularly in injection moulding, holds great potential for reducing CO2 emissions, decreasing reliance on virgin materials, mitigating waste and promoting a circular economy. Nevertheless, a switch to 100% recyclate has not yet been effective or economical in many areas of application, so mixtures of virgin and recyclate material represent a promising approach and must be analysed further. Therefore, this study examines the impact of different virgin/recyclate‐mixture ratios on both injection moulding process stability and resulting part quality, focusing on high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) blends. For this purpose, virgin/PCR mixtures are compounded, rheologically analysed using high‐pressure capillary rheometry and processed via injection moulding. The process data are analysed, and the produced parts are mechanically and geometrically evaluated. The findings show that for PP, an increasing recyclate content results in a nearly linear improvement in tensile strength and modulus of elasticity without significantly affecting material viscosity, ensuring stable processing conditions. However, part warpage increases with higher recyclate content. In contrast, for HDPE, a higher recyclate content decreases the mixture viscosity, leading to decreased injection pressure and dosing torque during processing. Despite this, the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity improve, while part warpage decreases for HDPE. For both materials, though tensile strength and elasticity increase, higher recyclate contents negatively affect fracture behaviour, as evidenced by breakage patterns and strain at break. The study also demonstrates that the linear mixing rule can be applied to process parameters and part geometry characteristics for virgin/recyclate mixtures, facilitating the integration of recyclate content into product development.