bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depeaking Schedules
Authors: Katz Donald , Garrow Laurie A.
Published: June 2013

After deregulation, many U.S. airlines created hubs with banked schedules. However, in the past decade, these same airlines began to experiment with depeaking their schedules to reduce costs and to improve operational performance. Little research has investigated revenue shifts associated with depeaked schedules, yet an understanding of the tradeoffs between revenue, costs, and operational performance at a network level is critical before airlines will consider further depeaking and related strategies for managing congestion. This paper develops data-cleaning and data analysis methodologies that are based on publicly available data used to quantify airport- and network-level revenue changes associated with schedule depeaking. These methodologies are applied to a case study of Delta's depeaking at the airport in Atlanta, Georgia. Results show that this depeaking was associated with Delta's revenue increasing slower than that for the rest of the network and the industry as a whole but that the depeaking could have been profitable if costs had been cut to a sufficient degree. The Atlanta airport likely benefits from the increase in connection time. The methodologies developed in this paper can be extended to other depeaking cases to provide a comprehensive assessment of revenue shifts and to understand airport and network characteristics that are most conducive to schedule depeaking.
Reduction of Collisions between Aircraft and Surface Vehicles
Authors: Kunzi Fabrice
Published: June 2013

Automatic dependent surveillance–broadcast (ADS-B) will be the basis of future surveillance systems in the United States as well as in many other countries. The more frequent and more accurate information available with ADS-B could improve the performance of conflict-alerting systems for vehicles operating on airport surfaces. Ten years of National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) airport surface accident reports were reviewed, and four encounter scenarios representing the most commonly observed interactions between aircraft and airport surface vehicles were created. A concept of operation was then defined for how an ADS-B–based alerting system could take advantage of ADS-B–specific information to generate alerts in each of those four encounter scenarios. Through the use of historical ADS-B data from the Boston, Massachusetts; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Louisville, Kentucky, airports, proof of concept was established. The concepts show promise in reducing the uncertainty in alerting systems that is present because of lack of knowledge of the intent of the operator. Instead of guessing at future states by propagating trajectories, an alerting system would compare expected behavior to actual behavior and alert personnel if a deviation were observed.
Leveraging Probe Data to Assess Security Checkpoint Wait Times
Authors: Remias Stephen M. , Hainen Alexander M. , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: June 2013

The process of traveling to an airport, passing through various processes, and ultimately departing the airport involves many activities. This paper focuses on the use of probe data obtained from phones with discoverable Bluetooth devices to sample the time needed for passengers to travel from the nonsterile to the sterile side of an airport facility. To collect these data, the Kenton County Airport Board partnered with Purdue University to conduct a study at the Cincinnati–Northern Kentucky International Airport, Hebron, over a 4-week period during the 2011 Thanksgiving holiday. Bluetooth monitoring stations (BMSs) were used to collect unique identifiers from approximately 46,000 devices and to compute more than 1.5 million travel times between 17 BMSs. With a Pareto distribution approach, hourly security wait times were ordered, and a methodology was developed to identify periods for which opportunities might exist to reduce wait times (relative to a specified maximum wait time) by opening more security lanes, as well as periods for which opportunities might exist to reduce the number of lanes operating. With this methodology, it was determined that only 5 h during the study period had median wait times of greater than 20 min during November 2011. The paper concludes by discussing how this technique can be used to perform longitudinal comparisons between airports as additional airports begin automating the collection of checkpoint wait times.
Social Media and Primary Commercial Service Airports
Authors: Stambaugh Clayton Lee
Published: June 2013

Throughout the past decade, the aviation industry in the United States has continually encountered significant socioeconomic burdens. Most notably, the tragic events of September 11, 2001, left the industry highly susceptible to economic turmoil, such as the global recession accentuated by record-high fuel prices, as well as sociological events like the world pandemic in the form of severe acute respiratory syndrome. The nation's airports, the infrastructure supporting this industry, are no exception. In conjunction with these onerous events, continuing cuts in intergovernmental funding sources, as well as weakened revenue streams, have forced airports to use contemporary tools, strategies, and techniques to reinforce traditional management functions. The use of social media platforms, such as blogs, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Foursquare, is a growing trend throughout various public and private industries to increase effectiveness, efficiency, and overall yield in relation to marketing and communication strategies. Consistent with new public management techniques and the reinvention of government in the 1980s, conducive to cost-efficiency and customer-centric approaches, airports use social media to increase self-sufficiency by reducing expenditures associated with traditional marketing and communication modes. In addition, social media technologies enable airports to target, engage, and foster two-way communication more effectively with a multitude of audiences. This study provides an overview of these popular social media services and empirically examines, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the current usage of social media throughout primary commercial service airports. Statistics on airport usage and best practices are provided to support preliminary guidance on the use of social media at airports.
Consensus-Building Mechanism for Setting Service Expectations in Air Traffic Flow Management
Authors: Swaroop Prem , Ball Michael O.
Published: June 2013

A significant challenge of effective air traffic flow management (ATFM) is to allow various competing airlines to collaborate with an air navigation service provider (ANSP) in determining flow management initiatives. Over the past 15 years this challenge has led to the development of a broad approach to ATFM known as collaborative decision making (CDM). A set of CDM principles has evolved to guide the development of specific tools that support ATFM resource allocation. However, these principles have not been extended to cover the problem of providing strategic advice to an ANSP in the initial planning stages of traffic management initiatives. This paper describes a mechanism in which competing airlines provide consensus advice to an ANSP by means of a voting mechanism. The mechanism is based on the recently developed majority judgment voting procedure. The result of the procedure is a consensus real-valued vector that must satisfy a set of constraints imposed by the weather and traffic conditions of the day in question. Although this problem was developed and modeled on the basis of specific ATFM features, it appears to be highly generic and amenable to a much broader set of applications. Analysis of this problem involved several interesting sub-problems, including a type of column generation process that created candidate vectors for input to the voting process.
Mechanisms for Equitable Resource Allocation When Airspace Capacity is Reduced
Authors: Vlachou Kleoniki , Lovell David J.
Published: June 2013

During bad weather and under other capacity-reducing restrictions, FAA uses various initiatives to manage air traffic flow to alleviate problems associated with imbalanced demand and capacity. A recently introduced alternative concept to airspace flow programs is the collaborative trajectory options program, in which aircraft operators are allowed to submit sets of alternative trajectory options for their flights, with accompanying cost estimates. It is not clear that these sets of alternative trajectory options can be generated or evaluated quickly enough to respond to flow programs that arise unexpectedly or that the program is intended to be folded into a formal resource allocation mechanism. This research proposes (a) a meaningful, yet simple, way for carriers to express some preference structure for their flights that are specifically affected by flow programs and (b) a resource allocation mechanism that will improve system efficiency and simultaneously take these airline preferences into account. The results are compared with the events that could occur if an airspace flow program were run by using a ration-by-schedule approach, with or without the opportunity for carriers to engage in swaps among their own flights.
Hypothermic Storage of Human Hepatocytes for Transplantation
Authors: Gramignoli Roberto , Dorko Kenneth , Tahan Veysel , Skvorak Kristen J. , Ellis Ewa , Jorns Carl , Ericzon Bo-Goran , Fox Ira J. , Strom Stephen C.
Published: June 2013

Transplantation of human hepatocytes is gaining recognition as a bridge or an alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation for patients with acute liver failure and genetic defects. Since most patients require multiple cell infusions over an extended period of time, we investigated hepatic functions in cells maintained in University of Wisconsin solution at 4°C up to 72 h. Eleven different assessments of hepatic viability and function were investigated both pre- and posthypothermic storage, including plating efficiency, caspase-3/7 activity, ammonia metabolism, and drug-metabolizing capacity of isolated hepatocytes. Long-term function, basal, and induced cytochrome P450 activities were measured after exposure to prototypical inducing agents. Cells from 47 different human liver specimens were analyzed. Viability significantly decreased in cells cold stored in UW solution, while apoptosis level and plating efficiency were not significantly different from fresh cells. Luminescent and fluorescent methods assessed phases I and II activities both pre- and post-24-72 h of cold preservation. A robust induction (up to 200-fold) of phase I enzymes was observed in cultured cells. Phase II and ammonia metabolism remained stable during hypothermic storage, although the inductive effect of culture on each metabolic activity was eventually lost. Using techniques that characterize 11 measurements of hepatic viability and function from plating efficiency, to ammonia metabolism, to phases I and II drug metabolism, it was determined that while viability decreased, the remaining viable cells in cold-stored suspensions retained critical hepatic functions for up to 48 h at levels not significantly different from those observed in freshly isolated cells.
Collagenase H is Crucial for Isolation of Rat Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Fujio Atsushi , Murayama Kazutaka , Yamagata Youhei , Watanabe Kimiko , Imura Takehiro , Inagaki Akiko , Ohbayashi Naomi , Shima Hiroki , Sekiguchi Satoshi , Fujimori Keisei , Igarashi Kazuhiko , Ohuchi Noriaki , Satomi Susumu , Goto Masafumi
Published: June 2013

The role(s) of collagenase G (ColG) and collagenase H (ColH) during pancreatic islet isolation remains controversial, possibly due to the enzyme blends used in the previous studies. We herein examined the role of ColG and ColH using highly pure enzyme blends of recombinant collagenase of each subtype. Rat pancreases were digested using thermolysin, together with ColG, ColH, or ColG/ColH ( n = 9, respectively). No tryptic-like activity was detected in any components of the enzyme blends. The efficiency of the collagenase subtypes was evaluated by islet yield and function. Immunohistochemical analysis, in vitro collagen digestion assay, and mass spectrometry were also performed to examine the target matrix components of the crucial collagenase subtype. The islet yield was highest in the ColG/ColH group (4,101 ± 460 islet equivalents). A substantial number of functional islets (2,811 ± 581 islet equivalents) was obtained in the ColH group, whereas no islets were retrieved in the ColG group. Mass spectrometry demonstrated that ColH reacts with collagen I and III. In the immunohistochemical analysis, both collagen I and III were located in exocrine tissues, although collagen III expression was more pronounced. The collagen digestion assay showed that collagen III was more effectively digested by ColH than by ColG. The present study reveals that ColH is crucial, while ColG plays only a supporting role, in rat islet isolation. In addition, collagen III appears to be one of the key targets of ColH.
Phenotype and Stability of Neural Differentiation of Androgenetic Murine ES Cell-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells
Authors: Wolber Wanja , Ahmad Ruhel , Choi Soon Won , Eckardt Sigrid , Mclaughlin K. John , Schmitt Jessica , Geis Christian , Heckmann Manfred , Sirén Anna-Leena , Müller Albrecht M.
Published: June 2013

Uniparental zygotes with two paternal (androgenetic, AG) or two maternal genomes (gynogenetic, GG) cannot develop into viable offsprings but form blastocysts from which pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells can be derived. For most organs, it is unclear whether uniparental ES cells can give rise to stably expandable somatic stem cells that can repair injured tissues. Even if previous reports indicated that the capacity of AG ES cells to differentiate in vitro into pan-neural progenitor cells (pNPCs) and into cells expressing neural markers is similar to biparental [normal fertilized (N)] ES cells, their potential for functional neurogenesis is not known. Here we show that murine AG pNPCs give rise to neuron-like cells, which then generate sodium-driven action potentials while maintaining fidelity of imprinted gene expression. Neural engraftment after intracerebral transplantation was achieved only by late (22 days) AG and N pNPCs with in vitro low colony-forming cell (CFC) capacity. However, persisting CFC formation seen, in particular, in early (13 or 16 days) differentiation cultures of N and AG pNPCs correlated with a high incidence of trigerm layer teratomas. As AG ES cells display functional neurogenesis and in vivo stability similar to N ES cells, they represent a unique model system to study the roles of paternal and maternal genomes on neural development and on the development of imprinting-associated brain diseases.
High frequency of enterovirus serotype circulation in a densely populated area of India
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Shukla Deepti , Srivastava Shalini , Idris Mohammad Z , Dhole Tapan N
Published: June 2013

Introduction: In the state of Uttar Pradesh in India, enteroviruses are a significant cause of infection presenting in endemic or epidemic forms. The present study aimed to use molecular methods to identify enterovirus serotypes in clinical specimens to determine their circulation in the community. Methodology; A total of 320 clinical specimens were collected between January 2009 and December 2010 from children younger than 15 year of age in northern India. Reverse- transcription (RT) real time PCR and semi-nested RT PCR targeting the 5′untranslated region and VP1 region was used for the detection and identification of enterovirus serotypes. Results: The enterovirus genome was detected in 79 (24.7%) of 320 clinical specimens by real time PCR. Central nervous system syndrome (CNS) was the most common clinical manifestation (n=32, 62.74%), followed by respiratory tract infection (n=8, 15.69%), acute febrile illness (n=7, 13.73%), and gastrointestinal disease (n=4, 7.84%). A total of 32 different serotypes were identified with the predominance of coxsackievirus B5 and echovirus 6. Phylogenetic analysis of partial VP1 gene sequences from this study showed that many enterovirus serotypes showed good similarity with strains from America and Europe in comparison to neighbouring Asian countries. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first study of enterovirus prevalence from northern India based on unbiased molecular methods which leads to the identification of fifteen different enterovirus serotypes. The high frequency of enterovirus B species serotypes circulation may be an important cause of CNS infection in the children of this region.
The significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteremia in a low resource setting
Authors: Abdul Rahman Zaidah , Hamzah Siti Hawa , Hassan Siti Asma' , Osman Sabariah , Md Noor Siti Suraiya
Published: June 2013

Introduction: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of micro-organisms that are increasingly implicated as a cause of significant infection and the leading cause of bloodstream infection (BSI). One important predictor of true BSI is the isolation of CoNS from multiple blood cultures, presuming that the isolates represent the same species. Thus the objective of this study was to determine the significance of repeated CoNS isolated from blood cultures. Methodology: This was a prospective laboratory study which was initiated in June 2007 and lasted until July 2008. CoNS isolates were obtained from patients who had two positive blood cultures within a 14-day interval. CoNS were identified to the species level using an API-Staph, and antibiotics susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute specifications. Strain relatedness was confirmed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results: During the study period, 202 CoNS-positive samples were isolated from 101 patients. The most common species isolated was Staphylococcus epidermidis (59.0%), and 83.2% of the patients isolated the same species of CoNS from repeated blood cultures. Among the isolates of the same species, only 40.7% had the same antibiogram. CoNS with the same species and antibiogram had 93.3% probability of belonging to the same strain. Most (65.5%) of the patients were treated with antibiotics, primarily from the glycopeptides group. Conclusion: Speciation and antibiogram of CoNS from repeated blood cultures are adequate in determining the significance of repeated CoNS isolated from blood cultures.
The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on high-risk behaviour of HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kaye Dan Kabonge , Kakaire Othman , Osinde Michael Odongo , Lule John Chrysestom , Kakande Nelson
Published: June 2013

Introduction: High-risk sexual behaviors such as multiple sexual partners, inconsistent condom use, acquisition of sexually transmitted infection (STIs), and non-use of contraceptives persist in HIV patients undergoing care. We conducted a systematic review of studies conducted in the era of increased access to HAART (2000-2010) to assess whether wide-scale use of HAART was associated with high-risk behavior among HAART-using patients. Methodology: We conducted a comprehensive search of databases (AIDSLINE, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINHAL and EMBASE) from January 2002 to January 2010, reviewed conference proceedings and journals, and contacted the researchers involved. We analyzed the association of high-risk behaviors (non-disclosure of sero-status to sexual partners, inconsistent condom use, unprotected sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, non-use of contraceptives and acquisition of STIs) with using HAART. Information from eligible studies was abstracted using a standardized checklist. Fourteen English-language studies met the selection criteria of having high-risk behavior as an outcome in patients using HAART in sub-Saharan Africa. Results: Of the 92 eligible articles screened, 14 met the criteria for inclusion as primary articles, 10 showed that HAART is not associated with increased high-risk behavior, two showed increase in acquisition of STIs among HAART-using patients, (which was inconsistent with other measures of high-risk behavior), and two studies showed short-term increase in high-risk behavior. Conclusions: Persistence of high-risk behavior in HAART-using patients suggests that more effort needs to be incorporated in HIV care to reduce such behavior to reduce HIV transmission to uninfected populations.
Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma mansoni coinfection and the side benefit of artemether-lumefantrine in malaria patients
Authors: Abay Solomon M , Tilahun Mulugeta , Fikrie Nigus , Habtewold Abiy
Published: June 2013

Introduction: The distribution of both malaria and schistosomiasis exhibits a large geographical overlap in tropical environments, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This part of the world currently harbours more than 85% of the estimated global burden of these diseases. Studies showed that artemisinin derivatives used for the treatment of malaria also have an antischistosomal effect. This study aimed to investigate the extent of malaria-schistosomiasis co-infection and the antischistosomal effect of artemether-lumefantrine when administered to treat falciparum malaria in Kemise, Northeast Ethiopia. Methodology: Stool samples were collected from 152 microscopically confirmed malaria patients and diagnosed for schistosomiasis using the Kato-Katz technique before treatment. The schistosomiasis cure rate and egg reduction were determined in co-infected patients, who were treated with artemether-lumefantrine,. Results: Twenty-eight out of 152 malaria patients were co-infected (18.4%, n = 152) with schistosomiasis. All 28 co-infected patients were found stool-negative for Schistosoma mansoni eggs four weeks after treatment. The extent of co-infection was associated with age, sex and educational level. Cure rate and egg reduction rate following the treatment of artemether-lumefantrine were 100%. Conclusion: The co-infection rate was associated with patient characteristics. Artemether-lumefantrine was effective against S. mansoni in co-infected patient. Multicenter and randomized trials, however, are needed for a better understanding of the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine against schistosome infection with ranges of intensity.
Budd-Chiari syndrome due to giant hydatid cyst: a case report and brief literature review
Authors: Akbulut Sami , Yilmaz Mehmet , Kahraman Aysegul , Yilmaz Sezai
Published: June 2013

Budd-Chiari syndrome is an uncommon disorder characterized by the thrombotic or non-thrombotic obstruction of hepatic venous outflow anywhere along the venous course from the hepatic venules to the junction of the inferior vena cava and the right atrium. The etiology of Budd-Chiari syndrome is classified as primary, attributable to intrinsic intraluminal thrombosis or the development of venous webs; or secondary, caused by intraluminal invasion by a parasite or malignant tumor or extraluminal compression by an abscess, solid tumor, or cyst, such as a hydatid cyst. In this study, we present a case of a giant hydatid cyst manifesting Budd-Chiari syndrome symptoms and signs by compressing the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins. In brief, the case demonstrates that hydatid disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of Budd-Chiari Syndrome in areas such as Turkey, where hydatid disease is endemic.
Integrating syphilis screening in a large-scale HIV prevention program for key populations: the Avahan experience from India
Authors: Parthasarathy Mugundu Ramien , Narayanan Prakash , Das Anjana , Gurung Anup , Prabhakar Parimi , Wi Teodora
Published: June 2013

Introduction: Documented experiences from India on the implementation of syphilis screening in large-scale HIV prevention programs for “key populations at higher risk’ (KPs) are limited. Avahan is a large-scale HIV prevention program providing services to more than 300,000 KPs in six high HIV prevalence states of India since 2004. Avahan clinics provide a sexually transmitted infection service package which includes bi-annual syphilis screening. The trends in the coverage of syphilis screening among Avahan clinic attendees were studied retrospectively. Methodology: Screening was performed using either the Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test or point-of-care immunochromatographic strip test (ICST). Clinic records from 2005 to 2009 were collated in an individual tracking database and analyzed with STATA-10. Results: Initially the coverage of syphilis screening (2.6% in 2005) was constrained by the availability and operational complexity of the RPR test. After its introduction in 2007, the use of ICST for screening increased from 7.4% to 77.0% and the proportion of clinic attendees screened increased from 9.0% to 21.6% during 2007-2009. The RPR reactivity rates declined from 6.6% (2006) to 4.4% (2009). Conclusion: The data showed improved rates of screening of clinic attendees and declining trends in sero-reactivity over time. The introduction of point-of-care syphilis tests may have contributed to the improved coverage of syphilis screening. The ICST may be considered for initial syphilis screening at other resource-constrained primary care sites in India such as ante-natal clinics and other KP interventions.
Molecular epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates in central Javan prisons, Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Afiono Agung , Dirgahayu Paramasari , Sari Yulia , Hudiyono Hudiyono , Kageyama Seiji
Published: June 2013

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the current molecular prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and human T lymphotropic virus-1/2 (HTLV-1/2) circulating among drug abuser inmates incarcerated in prisons located in Central Java, Indonesia. Methodology: Socio-epidemiological data and blood specimens were collected from 375 drug abuser inmates in four prisons. The blood samples were analyzed with serological and molecular testing for HIV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HTLV-1/2. Results: The seroprevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV, HDV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates was 4.8% (18/375), 3.2% (12/375), 34.1% (128/375), 0% (0/375), and 3.7% (14/375), respectively. No co-infections of HIV and HBV were found. Co-infections of HIV/HCV, HIV/HTLV-1/2, HBV/HCV, HBV/HTLV-1/2, and HCV/HTLV-1/2 were prevalent at rates of 4% (15/375), 1.3% (5/375), 1.1% (4/375), 0.3% (1/375), and 2.1% (8/375), respectively. The HIV/HCV co-infection rate was significantly higher in injection drug users (IDUs) compared to non-IDUs. Triple co-infection of HIV/HCV/HTLV-1/2 was found only in three IDUs (0.8%). HIV CRF01_AE was found to be circulating in the inmates. HBV genotype B3 predominated, followed by C1. Subtypes adw and adr were found. HCV genotype 1a predominated among HCV-infected inmates, followed by 1c, 3k, 3a, 4a, and 1b. All HTLV-1 isolates shared 100% homology with HTLV-1 isolated in Japan, while all of the HTLV-2 isolates were subtype 2a. Conclusion: Drug abuser inmates in prisons may offer a unique community to bridge prevention and control of human blood-borne virus infection to the general community.
Weakened immunity in aged hosts with comorbidities as a risk factor for the emergence of influenza A H7N9 mutants
Authors: Bermejo-Martin Jesus F. , Almansa Raquel , Ortiz de Lejarazu Raul
Published: June 2013

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BAFF and TACI Gene Expression Are Increased in Patients with Untreated Very Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Moura Rita A. , Canhão Helena , Polido-Pereira Joaquim , Rodrigues Ana M. , Navalho Márcio , Mourão Ana F. , Resende Catarina , Campanilho-Marques Raquel , Madruga Dias João , da Silva José Alberto Pereira , Graca Luis , Fonseca João E.
Published: June 2013

Objective.

B cells play important roles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Given the beneficial effect of B cell depletion therapy in RA as well as the observed alterations in B cell subpopulations in this disease, we evaluated whether changes in the expression of genes related to B cell survival and activation were already present in patients with untreated very early RA (VERA; < 6 weeks of disease duration).

Methods.

The expression of a group of B cell-related activation and survival genes was quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with VERA by real-time PCR and compared with untreated early RA (< 1 year), established treated RA, and other untreated early arthritis conditions. Serum B cell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) was quantified by ELISA.

Results.

BAFF gene expression and serum levels were highest in patients with VERA. The expression of BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) increased with disease progression, while transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) was elevated since the first weeks of RA onset. Paired box 5 gene expression was also increased at all RA stages. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5 was elevated only in established RA. No differences were observed in B cell maturation antigen, activation-induced cytidine deaminase, B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein, and B cell lymphoma 2 expression.

Conclusion.

Disturbances in the expression of B cell-related activation and survival genes, particularly BAFF and TACI, occur from the onset of RA and precede changes in BAFF-R. These alterations can lead to the development of autoreactive B cells from the first weeks of RA onset.
American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Remission Criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis Maintain Reliable Performance When Evaluated in 44 Joints
Authors: Kaneko Yuko , Kondo Harumi , Takeuchi Tsutomu
Published: June 2013

Objective.

To investigate the performance of the new remission criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in daily clinical practice and the effect of possible misclassification of remission when 44 joints are assessed.

Methods.

Disease activity and remission rate were calculated according to the Disease Activity Score (DAS28), Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and a Boolean-based definition for 1402 patients with RA in Keio University Hospital. Characteristics of patients in remission were investigated, and the number of misclassified patients was determined — those classified as being in remission based on 28-joint count but as nonremission based on a 44-joint count for each definition criterion.

Results.

Of all patients analyzed, 46.6%, 45.9%, 41.0%, and 31.5% were classified as in remission in the DAS28, SDAI, CDAI, and Boolean definitions, respectively. Patients classified into remission based only on the DAS28 showed relatively low erythrocyte sedimentation rates but greater swollen joint counts than those classified into remission based on the other definitions. In patients classified into remission based only on the Boolean criteria, the mean physician global assessment was greater than the mean patient global assessment. Although 119 patients had ≤ 1 involved joint in the 28-joint count but > 1 in the 44-joint count, only 34 of these 119 (2.4% of all subjects) were found to have been misclassified into remission.

Conclusion.

In practice, about half of patients with RA can achieve clinical remission within the DAS28, SDAI, and CDAI; and one-third according to the Boolean-based definition. Patients classified in remission based on a 28-joint count may have pain and swelling in the feet, but misclassification of remission was relatively rare and was seen in only 2.4% of patients under a Boolean definition. The 28-joint count can be sufficient for assessing clinical remission based on the new remission criteria.
Du contretransfert à l'interprétation
Authors: Eiguer Alberto
Published: June 2013

Les interprétations qui s’avèrent les plus justes et les plus percutantes sont celles qui s’inspirent du contretransfert de l’analyste. Portent-elles la marque de ses émotions ? Les accouche-t-il dans la douleur ? Son contretransfert est bousculé par les changements récents dans les couples et les familles en même temps qu’il est resté un des ressorts essentiels de son action thérapeutique. Même la compréhension du contretransfert a changé dernièrement lorsqu’elle a intégré les idées du groupe et de l’intersubjectivité des liens. Étranger au groupe familial, l’analyste est graduellement immergé en lui. Il se réveille inquiet de l’étrangeté qu’il vit, et qui lui rappelle l’étranger en lui, son inconnu. Si le contretransfert implique une régression, il en émerge par l’élaboration analytique à laquelle il s’adonne. Ce sera la plate-forme de ses interprétations. Plus encore, l’analyste est mis au défi d’exister en s’effaçant ; d’être à la fois quelqu’un et au fond celui que le transfert désigne ; de proposer l’échange sans le colmater ; d’être rassurant sans banaliser les difficultés ; de répondre aux essais de l’atteindre (lui, l’analyste) dans la réalité en soulignant la dimension fantasmatique qu’elles comportent ; de rester déterminé tout en accueillant des avis opposés ; de se montrer libéral tout en sachant repérer les limites. C’est en intégrant ses propres éprouvés que l’analyste pourra aborder les conflits les plus épineux et actuels au moment de la séance. Pour l’analyste, le dilemme n’est plus d’être ou de ne pas être, mais d’être un sujet des liens, de résonner avec les autres différents de soi en s’autorisant à changer.
Un dispositif de soin pour les familles « hors la loi » de la protection de l'enfance
Authors: Lefebvre Danielle , Stéphanoff Marina
Published: June 2013

Dans le cadre de la protection de l’enfance, certaines familles ne peuvent se rencontrer que dans un dispositif institué : la visite médiatisée. Par-delà le caractère contraint et judiciarisé, les auteurs s’efforcent de construire un cadre à visée thérapeutique qui permette aux enfants et aux parents de se rencontrer et qui favorise les réaménagements intrapsychiques et intersubjectifs nécessaires à la construction de l’enfant et à l’expérience de la parentalité. La reconnaissance de la souffrance, l’attention portée à l’accueil, l’accent mis sur des actions signifiantes, l’observation respectueuse, l’écrit, sont les opérateurs de cet accompagnement qui a pour finalité de permettre aux parents et aux enfants, qui ne vivent pas ensemble au quotidien, de fabriquer une histoire commune et d’apaiser les blessures et les souffrances d’une histoire douloureuse.
Les fonctions étayante et conteneur de l'institution comme supports à la reconstruction des enveloppes familiales effractées
Authors: Barrer Laurence , Gimenez Guy
Published: June 2013

L’institution, lieu interactif de divers groupes (équipe, famille, individus), est le théâtre de croisements dynamiques entre ces différentes instances. Les auteurs émettent l’hypothèse, au travers du cas d’une famille ayant subi des traumas, que les étayages successifs, mais non exhaustifs, de la famille, participent à la reconstruction des enveloppes psychiques de celle-ci. Le transfert massif de la famille sur l’institution provoque un clivage dans l’équipe aboutissant au gel de la prise en charge de l’enfant présentant des troubles autistiques et de sa famille. Le questionnement groupal autour d’un élément fort d’une séance de psychothérapie permettra de relancer la chaîne associative groupale de l’équipe et de la famille, participant ainsi à la restauration de la fonction contenante familiale.
Le photolangage© en séance de thérapie familiale psychanalytique
Authors: Durastante Richard , Joubert Christiane
Published: June 2013

Recevoir des familles en cabinet libéral fragilise parfois les capacités de contenance du ou des thérapeutes, pris dans leur contretransfert (et l’intertransfert), en écho aux éléments bruts du transgénérationnel qui s’infiltrent dans ce que la famille met en scène de manière répétitive, et sur un temps plus ou moins long. Les thérapeutes utilisent le photolangage© lorsque la violence attaquait le lien et l’association libre dans le néogroupe. Ce média mobilise l’affect et favorise l’élaboration en groupe. La famille, dans l’ici et maintenant de la séance, présente inconsciemment une scène où les thérapeutes sont pris ; on peut alors avancer que cette scène « ici et maintenant », va réactualiser la spécificité des zones d’ombre contenues dans les scènes originaires appartenant aux membres du groupe et qui constituent le socle des liens narcissiques familiaux. Les scènes actuelles permettent à la famille de montrer comment elle est traversée à son insu par les éléments bruts, traumatiques du transgénérationnel ; elles renseignent sur la manière dont ses membres tentent de traiter les vécus d’intrusion contenus dans l’histoire familiale. Le photolangage© propose en séance des « scènes tierces » permettant de canaliser les excès d’excitation réveillés par la groupalité. Cette médiation peut ainsi maintenir la capacité de contenance du cadre thérapeutique qui se tisse autour du néogroupe.
Le couple thérapeutique dans la cothérapie : le travail intertransférentiel
Authors: Sommantico Massimiliano
Published: June 2013

L’auteur, passant en revue la littérature portant sur le thème du couple thérapeutique et de la cothérapie, focalise son attention sur la notion théorico-clinique de travail intertransférentiel. À l’aide d’un exemple clinique, il vise à attirer l’attention sur la spécificité de la dynamique intersubjective en jeu dans le couple en thérapie, aussi bien que dans le couple thérapeutique. Plus précisément, l’hypothèse est que le travail sur l’intertransfert, que conduisent les analystes dans la postséance, peut aider le couple à surmonter la tendance à la répétition mortifère qui a été à l’origine de la demande, l’aider à s’ouvrir à des possibles changements évolutifs. En ce sens, ce qui est vécu dans le lien intertransférentiel peut être lu comme les effets du dépôt de la matière psychique brute que le couple y transfère. Le lien intertransférentiel serait alors successivement lieu de dépôt puis appareil de transformation et de symbolisation de cette matière psychique brute.
Le scénodrame familial
Authors: Baron-Preter Brigitte
Published: June 2013

Ce nouveau dispositif permet de contenir la famille, en jouant avec les enfants et le parent quand les enveloppes familiales sont déchirées par une séparation conflictuelle. L’utilisation des objets de relation engage les membres du néogroupe familial dans des relations subjectives et intersubjectives transformatrices. Les contenants narratifs des scénarios relient les psychés, stimulent la créativité et permettent une nouvelle appropriation subjective de soi et de sa place dans le groupe familial. Il revient au thérapeute directeur de jeu d’articuler dans son scénario les histoires proposées par chacun des membres de la famille. Le thérapeute directeur de séance régule le temps et marque le passage au jeu collectif dont il assure la butée temporelle. Ce moment du jeu circonscrit dans l’espace et dans le temps devient le creuset des réélaborations psychiques.
Les adolescents qui frappent leurs parents, une problématique familiale
Authors: Vicente Cindy
Published: June 2013

La lecture psychanalytique de l’adolescence permet de comprendre les enjeux présents lors de situations d’adolescents qui frappent les parents. « Je bats mon parent » est considéré comme la mise en acte de ce que tout adolescent fantasme lors de la flambée pubertaire. Frapper le parent permet de réaliser en partie les désirs incestueux présents dans ce fantasme, tout en punissant un Autre. Par ailleurs, la référence à la dynamique groupale permet de comprendre ce recours à l’acte ; l’adolescent, se constituant porte-voix familial, va alors exercer une violence contre les représentants parentaux, au vu d’une problématique familiale et transgénérationnelle préexistante. Cette violence vient montrer une tentative défaillante à marquer une frontière entre les différents membres de la famille et les différentes générations. « Un parent est battu » symbolise un fantasme groupal coloré par les résonances des mises en tension entre filiation et affiliation.
L'incestualité : une expérience familiale
Authors: Thorstensen Sonia
Published: June 2013

Ce texte aborde une réflexion sur le phénomène de l’incestualité, conçue comme une dimension primitive et régressive de la sexualité, et s’appuyant sur l’illusion de complétude. L’incestualité s’inscrit dans la famille et, dans ses aspects vitaux et nécessaires, elle joue un rôle actif dans la constitution psychique des nouvelles générations. Mais elle peut également devenir un agent d’emprisonnement et se transformer en un facteur d’obstacle à leur développement. Suivant la forme sous laquelle elle circule dans les rapports entre les membres de la famille, l’incestualité peut donc compromettre la progression des enfants envers des choix exogamiques. En ce sens, incestualité et choix exogamique sont des notions interdépendantes.
Quand la transmission du féminin laisse place au déchirement : reviviscence des enjeux de l'adoption à l'adolescence
Authors: Bonnichon Delphine
Published: June 2013

Il s’agit d’interroger les résonances que peut avoir le travail du féminin à l’adolescence et celui de l’adoption. À la lumière d’une vignette clinique, l’auteur propose de lire un recours marqué au masochisme et des conduites d’attaque du corps à l’adolescence à la lumière d’une histoire de vie marquée par l’adoption. Cette dernière pourrait amplifier l’angoisse d’abandon et le conflit d’ambivalence inhérents à tout développement psychosexuel féminin.
Abel Servien à Münster : l'écho des négociations de Westphalie dans La Gazette de Renaudot en 1648
Authors: Duccini Hélène
Published: June 2013

L’année 1648 est fondamentale pour l’histoire européenne. A Münster et Ösnabrück sont réunis des représentants de presque tous les pays du continent (une grande première) pour négocier la paix qui mettra un terme à la guerre de Trente Ans le 24 octobre. On est donc tenté de chercher dans la Gazette de Renaudot un écho de cet événement fondateur. Le gazetier bénéficie pour étayer son information des réseaux de Mazarin, qui soutient son entreprise, et d’informateurs en Allemagne. Il est donc à même de suivre l’évolution des négociations de paix et, ceci, pendant plusieurs années, ce dont il se fait l’écho avec plus ou moins de régularité dans son journal. En fait, la Gazette résonne toujours du bruit des batailles, des victoires françaises de préférence, et les négociations n’y tiennent qu’une portion modeste, ce qui est un témoignage sur le fonctionnement de l’information en ce milieu du xvii e  siècle.
La Gazette en 1683-1685-1689 : analyse d'un système d'information
Authors: Haffemayer Stéphane
Published: June 2013

Cet article présente l’analyse d’un système d’information à travers l’exemple de la Gazett e des années 1683, 1685 et 1689. 2232 nouvelles en provenance de tout l’espace européen sont constituées en base de données et témoignent de l’adaptation d’un périodique tourné en priorité vers l’actualité internationale. Dans un contexte de fort développement d’un marché européen de l’information, la structure du périodique se resserre sur un noyau restreint de capitales européennes : Vienne puis Londres témoignent de l’importance que la presse attache alors à des événements majeurs de l’histoire européenne comme le siège de Vienne (1683) ou la Glorieuse Révolution qui apporte avec elle un nouveau langage politique (1689). Cartes et graphiques témoignent du profit que l’analyse de la presse peut tirer d’une méthode d’analyse à la fois qualitative et quantitative fondée sur une instrumentation électronique.
Portée et enjeux des archives de l'AFP pour la recherche en sciences sociales
Authors: Aubert Aurélie
Published: June 2013

Le projet Corpus de l’agence nationale de la recherche sur les archives de l’AFP a ouvert aux chercheurs des archives d’entreprises inédites : celles de la troisième agence de presse mondiale comportant des dossiers réalisés par le service de la documentation sur des pays, des thématiques et des personnalités ainsi que des photos. En tant que chercheuse participant à ce projet, et en complément d’un travail de numérisation documentaire, notre approche teintée des apports des sciences de l’information et de la communication et de la sociologie des médias nous a conduit à travailler sur ces archives en cherchant à comprendre comment les exploiter. Ce travail nous a permis de produire une analyse portant à la fois sur la compréhension des événements au travers de ces sources agencières et sur le décryptage méthodique de ces documents qui traitent moins des événements eux-mêmes que des mutations, transformations et permanences du journalisme d’agence. Une entrée par la notion « d’événement », pertinente aussi bien en Histoire et en Sciences de l’information et de la communication montre dans quelle mesure les archives de l’AFP sont un riche matériau historiographique, témoin de l’histoire et des évolutions de l’agence elle-même.
Les anniversaires AFP du premier pas sur la Lune (1969-2009) : l'événement international entre rétrospectives et perspectives
Authors: Nicey Jérémie
Published: June 2013

L’examen de l’arrivée de l’homme sur la lune, événement vécu à l’échelle internationale en juillet 1969, est traité ici à travers la couverture de ses anniversaires à 10, 15, 20 et 40 ans. Il s’appuie sur un échantillon composé d’archives textuelles de l’Agence France-Presse (AFP), autant d’éléments permettant d’appréhender les dispositifs de mobilisation écrite autour de cet événement. Les angles, différents lors des anniversaires successifs, sont observés pour interroger les pratiques journalistiques en matière de commémoration. L’analyse et la réflexion proposées visent à mieux cerner à la fois les choix rédactionnels de l’AFP et la manière dont évoluent dans le temps les tonalités des discours sur un événement.
L'internationale agencière : la couverture de l'international d'après les archives d'AFP, d'AP, de Thomson-Reuters
Authors: Palmer Michael
Published: June 2013

Les archives des principales agences internationales de presse - Thomson-Reuters (situées principalement à Londres), Associated Press (à New York), et les agences françaises : Havas, OFI, AFP (à Paris) - sont en train d’être re-cataloguées et numérisées (pour partie). Les principales agences datent du milieu du 19e siècle. Ici, nous centrons sur les archives qui portent sur l’histoire des sociétés ou des organisations qui les impulsaient, plutôt que sur les nouvelles ou informations qu’elles produisaient. Cette analyse pointe des traits communs, mais aussi des marqueurs distinctifs qui les caractérisaient. On les tient, peut-être abusivement, pour les premiers des acteurs médias multinationaux.
L'information internationale en Amérique du Sud : les agences et les réseaux, circa 1874-1919
Authors: Desbordes-Vela Rhoda
Published: June 2013

Longtemps au xix e  siècle, les nouvelles provenant de l’Amérique du sud étaient fournies principalement par les grandes agences de presse, la française, Havas, en premier. Avec la guerre hispano-américaine, l’agence basée à New York, l’Associated Press, devenait également un acteur majeur. Comment le dispositif de couverture se mettait-il en place ? Quelles nouvelles de cette région du monde transmettait-on ? Aux questions apparemment simples, réponses plutôt complexes.
Le grand reportage et l'information internationale dans la presse française (fin du XIXe siècle-1939)
Authors: Martin Marc
Published: June 2013

Comment le grand reportage, apparu en France à la veille de la loi de 1881 a-t-il pesé sur la place tenue dans l’opinion et la vie politique françaises par les affaires internationales jusqu’en 1939 ? Installé dans les grandes quotidiens à 5 centimes, il a fait entrer la politique internationale dans les préoccupations des classes populaires en les intéressant aux conquêtes coloniales puis surtout à la construction de l’alliance franco-russe. Après 1918, il porte la question des rapports entre la France et la Russie bolchevik et celle de la place du communisme en France au cœur des débats et des conflits de la société française. Avec la montée en Europe des régimes de dictateurs, le grand reportage a plus que jamais de fortes résonances dans la vie politique intérieure jusqu’à l’époque du Front populaire et de la guerre d’Espagne.