bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of factors affecting farmer exchange rate in North Sumatera Province
Authors: Ramadhanu R , Ginting R , Ayu S F
Published: June 2021

Increasing the overall welfare of the population means increasing the welfare of the rural population by paying attention to the development in the agricultural sector. In addition to economic growth data, to determine the success of the progress, data to measure the level of farmer welfare is also needed. One indicator that shows the welfare of farmers and rural economic conditions is the Farmer Exchange Rate (NTP). The research objective is to analyse the effect of inflation, interest rates, labour, GDP, and previous farmer exchange rates on the exchange rate of farmers in North Sumatra Province. The data used is secondary data from 1989-2018. The analysis model used is autoregressive. The results show that partially inflation, labour, and the exchange rate of farmers in the past have a beneficial and significant impact on the exchange rate of farmers. While, simultaneously inflation, interest rates, labour, GDP, and past exchange rates together with the important impact on value. The exchange of farmers in North Sumatera Province.
Determinant factors of Indonesian rubber export to Japan
Authors: Sari D K , Supriana T , Rahmanta
Published: June 2021

Export reflects trade activities between countries that can provide a boost in economic dynamics. Japan is the second largest export destination for Indonesian Rubber after United States and the third largest car manufacturer in the world, so that exporting rubber to Japan is considered quite potential. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of production, exchange rate, and GDP on Indonesian rubber export volume to Japan. The analytical method used in this study was the forecasting method and multiple linear analyses based on time series data from 1989 to 2018. The results indicated a positive trend in Indonesian rubber export prospect to Japan. Rubber production and world rubber prices significantly effect and have positive effect, while Japan GDP has non-significant and negative effect on Indonesian rubber export volume to Japan.
Dilution of Biogas Bioactivator to enhance microbial growth
Authors: Ginting N , Hasnudi  , Yunilas
Published: June 2021

The addition of bioactivator to biogas unit is a breakthrough to accelerate and increase the formation of gas. Bioactivator are made from fruit waste that is commonly found in local markets, including bananas, papaya and pineapples. This study aims to find the level of fruit waste dilution to obtain consistency that supports an ideal environment for microbial growth in biogas unit. Fifteen treatments on 15 plastic containers contain fruit waste with a dilution rate of 1, 2 and 3 times with a curing period of 25 days. The parameters were bioactivators colour and smell, pH, and microbial population of bacteria and fungi. The study result was that treatment with dilution rate of 3 times gave better result than other treatments. Bioactivator colour was yellow to orange with tapai/alcohol odour. The pH varies from 3.1 to 4.2. The largest microbial population were as follows bacteria 9.45x107 cfu/ml and fungi 12.32x105 cfu/ml.
Caffeine content calibration model on green beans arabica Mandailing Natal coffee using NIRS and artificial neural network
Authors: Akhir J , Rindang A , Ayu P C
Published: June 2021

Generally, Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive method that can identify the chemical content of agricultural products. In this study, several pretreatment data were used to reduce some noises from original NIR spectra, namely normalization (0-1) and Multiple Scatter Correction (MSC) and calibration model of caffeine content using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Result from wavelength analysis showed that the caffeine content of Mandailing Natal green bean arabica coffee was in the wavelengths of 1,208.9 nm and 1,728.91 nm. A good ANN architecture result was obtained with normalization/MSC which was 13-3-1 at 1,000 iterations, which was indicated by r = 0.9845, CV = 4.80% and │RMSEC-RMSEP│= 0.0383.
The study of temperature variation in catalytic biodiesel production process using static mixing reactor
Authors: Panggabean S , Andriani M , Sigalingging R , Raju
Published: June 2021

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel commonly used for diesel engines which is made through the transesterification of triglycerides and methanol compounds. The raw materials used in this research are palm oil and methanol (1: 6 mole ratio, oil mole: methanol mole) and the use of 0.5% w/w KOH catalyst. While the treatment carried out there were 2 treatments, namely treatment at the reaction temperature (T1: 30 °C, T2: 45 °C and T3: 60 °C) and the treatment on the tool, namely the sampling point (R5, R7 and R9) using static mixing reactor. The use of 9 reactors in biodiesel production equipment is to determine the effect of using the reactor on the biodiesel yield. The purpose of this research was to obtain the value of acid numbers, saponification numbers, total glycerol, methyl ester content and viscosity. The Results showed that the highest methyl ester content was 99.85% w/w which obtained at the treatment temperature of 60°C at reactor 9.
The utilization of aminopropyltriethoxy silane as a rubber additive in improving the degree of filler dispersion of natural rubber/precipitated silica composites
Authors: Philbert  , Surya I
Published: June 2021

The performance of aminopropyltriethoxy silane (AS) as an additive in improving the filler dispersion of natural rubber (NR)/precipitated silica (PSi) was observed. The NR was loaded with PSi at thirty phr. The AS was mixed with the NR/PSi composites with various dosages (one to seven phr). The NR/PSi/AS composites were vulcanized at 150 °C. The rheometric behaviours of the NR/PSi/AS composites were determined by applying a curemeter. The AS role as a plasticizing additive. It cut down the minimal torque (viscosity) but raised the maximal torque and torque changes. The bigger the AS dosage; the lower the viscosity of the NR/PSi/AS composites. The incorporations of AS till five phr raised the maximal torque and torque changes. Based on the torque behaviours; the degree of PSi dispersion was observed. It was revealed that the AS raised the degree of PSi dispersion. Presumably, in the relation to the plasticizing affection of AS on the NR/PSi systems; the AS plasticized or soften the NR/PSi composites and hence, made easier the dispersion process of PSi into the NR systems, raised the PSi dispersion in the NR composites, jointly. The bigger the AS dosage, the better was the PSi dispersion.
Organoleptic properties of Free-range chicken meat with the pineapple fruit juice marination
Authors: Nuraini  , Hafid H , Patriani P , Sepriadi S , Ananda S H
Published: June 2021

Pineapple extract can maintain the quality of chicken meat due to the presence of the enzyme bromelain, namely proteolysis. This study aimed to determine how the effect of marinating of young pineapple extracts with different immersion times on the organoleptic properties of Free-range chicken meat. This research was treated without immersion/control (P1), immersion time 45 minutes (P 2), and immersion time 90 minutes (P 3). This study was arranged based on a randomized block design with three treatments using 15 trained panellists. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that marination using 3% young pineapple extract has a significant effect (p <0.05) on tenderness, juiciness, and Consistency, but does not have a significant effect (p > 0.05) on colour, Odour. and taste.
The use of probiotics bio l on the production performance and quality of KUB chicken’s eggs
Authors: Ayu P I , Suyasa N
Published: June 2021

The superior of native chicken from Agricultural Research and Development Center (KUB) is a chicken selected by 6 generations. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Probiotic Bio L on production performance and quality of chicken eggs in the R & D Kampung Superior. The research method used was experimental using a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment using 60 KUB chickens aged 22 weeks (Layer phase) Divided into 3 P0: feed according to the farmer; P1: concentrate (25%), corn (40%) and bran (35%); P2: P1 + Bio B 2 cc / 1 litre of water; the number of administration is 80-90 g / head / day. The results showed that the growth rate and egg production of P2 treatment were statistically significantly higher (P <0.05) when compared to treatments P1 and P0. Therefore, in terms of consuming P2 ration, it was the most efficient way of absorbing the feed given, with conversion of rations 3.44 was significantly lower (P <0.05) than other treatments. Likewise, with the chemical quality of eggs can increase egg yolk protein by 7.6% and reduce yolk fat content by 16.15%.
Catfish oil supplementation in Bali cattle diet: Effects on rumen fermentation parameters, carboxymethylcellulase and protease activity in vitro
Authors: Cahyo D N , Yusiati L M , Kurniawati A , Hanim C , Muhlisin
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to measure the effect of Catfish oil supplementation on rumen pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate: propionate, NH3, microbial protein, carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), and protease activity. There are five treatments conduct on the current study i.e. T0 (control diet: Pennisetum purpupoides (60): wheat pollard (30): soybean meal (10)), T1 (T0 + 2% DM CFO), T2 (T0 + 4% DM CFO), T3 (T0 + 6% DM CFO), T4 (T0 + 8% DM CFO) and each treatment replicated 3 times. The fermentation method was in vitro gas production technique described by Menke and Steingass by incubating samples in the fermentation medium for 48 hours of the incubation period. The statistical analysis result showed that Catfish oil supplementation did not change the value of rumen pH, total VFA, partial VFA, rumen microbial protein and protease activity. Supplementing Catfish oil at the level of 2% and above decreasing the C2:C3 ratio, and when the supplementation increased to the level of 8% could decrease rumen NH3 and CMCase activity. It was concluded that the supplementation of Catfish oil in a ruminant diet could be done up to the level of 6% without giving any negative effect on rumen fermentation.
Biodiversity of birds and mammals in the Lake Siombak ecosystem, Medan North Sumatra
Authors: Muhtadi A , Patana P , Aswadi Y
Published: June 2021

The Lake Siombak ecosystem is one of the important ecosystems in the north coast of Medan City, North Sumatra because it’s a combination of lake ecosystems, mangroves, and aquaculture areas. Therefore, it brings into a habitat of various flora and fauna, both aquatic and terrestrial area. This study aims to map the spatial and temporal distribution of terrestrial biota, especially birds and mammals in Lake Siombak ecosystem. This research was conducted in Lake Siombak, from September 2018 to August 2019. The data collected is the number of individuals of birds and mammals. The results of research found 12 species of birds and 2 species of mammals. There are 3 rare species and protected species by both the government and internationally, namely the rhinoceros’ hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros), Brahminy kite (Haliastur indus), and Silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus). Great egret (Ardea alba), Intermediate egret (Egretta intermedia), and Gull billed tern (Sterna nilotica) are also government-protected bird species, but they have not received international attention. Spatially and temporally, Great egret and Intermediate egret are found in abundance at the Lake Siombak ecosystem. Meanwhile, the rhinoceros’ hornbills, Brahminy kite, and Silvery lutung were only found once at the study site.
Swidden Agriculture, food security and environment in semiarid area of Timor – Indonesia
Authors: Kapa M J , Kotta N R E , Ngongo Y
Published: June 2021

Despite policies inplemented to minimise Swidden Agriculture (SA) practices, it remains in semi-arid areas of Timor Island. A study of SA was conducted in Manikin Watershed (MW) of West Timor during 2017 to 2019 in oder to understand the nature of SA using Agro-ecosystems approach and to analyse the strengths of SA for sustainable upland farming management. The research applied survey method in data collection. Qualitative data analysed using thematic analysis descriptively and mapping spacial analysis using open access of SAGAGIS. The results showed that Agro-ecosystem characteristics of SA at MW have characterised by Low Productivity, Low Stability, High Equitability, High Adaptability, and High Autonomous. High adaptability and some important components which are suits with resource poor farmers becomes the main reasons why upland farmers keep practicing SA. The strengths of SA lies on the farmers’ perception that SA as an adaptive and suitable system of semi-arid upland farmers’ circumstances: saving labour, only need simple equipments, easy to applied, no external inputs used, fertilize the soil/crops, and harvest guarantee for at least one food crop. The SA have strengths to be improved and developed as a productive and sustainable farming model that suitable for semi-arid upland communities.
The existence and role of traditional cultural beliefs in conserving Sibaganding Tua sacred forest
Authors: Sinambela S N , Badaruddin  , Slamet B
Published: June 2021

The conversion of religion has made the existence of several cultural values changed and lost their practice in the community of Sihotang Village. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between the existention of Sibaganding Tua sacred forest with the beliefs and customs of the people of Sihotang Village. This research using qualitative research method by In-depth interview with the community. The results show that the concept of sacred forest does not contradict to the teachings of Christianity so that the practice of customary rules, taboos and beliefs related to sacred forests is still ongoing. People also get benefit from this forest, which is the main source of their water needs. There is a relationship between beliefs and customs with the existention of the forest is found. Communities increasingly protecting the forest and obey the law when there are ecological benefits received. This will increase the protection of the sacred forest. Meanwhile, education and modernization of house building have eliminated the ritual practice of the tree using rules for Borotan and Bungkulan of Batak house from sacred forests. However, it has indirectly provided protection and reduced tree logging activities in Sibaganding Tua sacred forest.
Ethnozoology by Batak Toba Tribe in Bahal Gajah Village, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Rambey R , Siringo-Ringo P , Buana B Y , Wiranata D , Prayoga B
Published: June 2021

The use of wild animals has been used by various tribe groups in the world for a long time to fulfil their daily needs, including as source of food and medicine and means of cultural rituals. The purpose of this study was to determine the animals used by the Batak Toba tribe in Bahal Gajah Village, Simalungun regency, North Sumatra. The number of animals used by the Batak Toba Tribe in Bahal Gajah Village is 20 species of animals, the utilization of which includes 14 animals for consumption, 7 types of animals for medicine, and 4 types of animals for rituals. Based on class 6 classes, namely mammals, reptiles, aves, molluscs, pisces and amphibians.
Phytochemical screening and biomass production of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb of Samosir – Indonesia accession cultivated on acid soil with different phosphorus treatments
Authors: Vinolina N S , Sigalingging R
Published: June 2021

Various studies concluded that Centella asiatica (L.) Urb, called pegagan in Indonesia, contains bioactive compounds known to have health benefits and used to treat diseases. However, cultivation of the plant has yet to produce optimal yield. This research is a part of the effort to develop an optimal large-scale Centella asiatica (L.) Urb, cultivation in Indonesia. This research aimed to determine the effects of phosphorus application on the phytochemical contents and biomass production of pegagan. The experiment used a single factor with six dosage levels of P2O5 fertilizer arranged in a non-factorial randomized block design with three replicates. The dosages were 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 kg P2O5/ha. The application of phosphorus fertilizer affected the length growth of the primary tendril despite being cultivated in relatively acid soil condition. The phytochemical screening showed positive tests for saponin, tannin, phenolic, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid and glycoside in pegagan treated with and without phosphorus fertilizer. The phytochemicals were present in both leaves and roots with an exception for alkaloid. This research concludes that phosphorus treatment did not significantly affect the number of leaves, wet weight per plot, dry weight of leaves and petioles, dry weight of roots and tendrils (biomass).
Application of styrax essential oils in healthy and beauty soap products
Authors: Kholibrina C R , Aswandi A
Published: June 2021

Styrax resin is the main non-timber forest product from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Unfortunately, the precious resin known as benzoin still have not been developed into various domestic and innovative organic personal care products. The objective of study is to initiate the distilled styrax resins utilization into personal care products in form of organic and healthy washing hand soaps. Research was carried out by distilling styrax resin, formulating and producing soaps, and assessing the products acceptance. Product application tests were applied including soap properties (hardness, cleansing, conditioning, bubbly and creamy), feeling and preference tests (sensibility, moisturizing, smoothness, scent). Forty respondents were surveyed, which 35 individuals (87.5%) expressed their pleasure utilizing the soaps, related to good consistency and cleaning performance, smoothness, moisturizing, as well as easily rinsed from hands after washing with a pleasant long lasting aroma. The phytochemical content contained is also reveals soap potential application to reducing anxiety and increase immune system. The results showed the idea about processing styrax resin into organic and healthy personal care products is highly feasible for replication in wide-scale applications. Regarding the products contains organic ingredient, it is considered better, healthier and support the local economy development.
Seedling-stage screening method for tolerance of upland rice genotypes to low pH stress
Authors: Wijayanto T , Susanti Y , Rahni N M , Tufaila M , Rembon F S
Published: June 2021

One of the causes of generally low upland rice productivity in Indonesia is low fertility and soil pH. The use of genotypes with high yielding capacity and tolerant of acid soils can increase rice productivity. This study aimed to develop an early and efficient selection method, to determine rice genotypes tolerant to low pH. This research was conducted using a seed germination technique on rice paper medium with varied acidity level (pH 6.5, 5.5 and 4.5). Research data on the germination test showed that germination variables: growth uniformity, relative growth rate, vigour index, T50, and root length can be used as early indicators for determining rice genotypes tolerant to low pH. Research data showed that genotype Pae Huko is relatively more tolerant to low pH than the other three tested genotypes. Pae Huko had the highest values for relative growth rate, growth uniformity, vigour index, and T50 of 92.12%, 87%, 73.3, and 1.6 days, respectively. It had also the highest root length of 14.27 cm. The results give an indication that the method can be used as an early screening for determining tolerant rice genotypes to low pH. Further test (glasshouse experiment) is required to confirm the current results.
Deterioration of wood exposed to mangrove ecosystem
Authors: Risnasari I , Batubara R , Nuryawan A , Lubis F A , Firnadi O , Maulana M A
Published: June 2021

Deterioration of three types of wood, namely meranti wood (Shorea spp.), mahoni wood (Swietenia mahagoni) and damar wood (Agathis dammara) in underwater exposure in the mangrove ecosystem investigated. The wood soaked for six months, at a depth of 1.5 meters and salinity 7.3. After six months identification of organisms that attack wood is carried out. The types of organisms found attacking wood samples are Teredo navalis and Balanus sp. The types of fungi found include Paecilomyces victoriae, Scytalidium lignicola, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium corylophilum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Biporalis australiensis, Absidia sp, Aspergillus niger and Phytophthora cryptogea.
Spatial model of deforestation using Geographic Information System (GIS) and logistic regression in Besitang forest
Authors: Sulistiyono N , Patana P , Susilowati A
Published: June 2021

The existence of Besitang forests is under threat of deforestation so that its area continues to decline. Besitang forest is part of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Efforts to prevent deforestation need to be carried out with a proper deforestation policy. As a first step, it is crucial to identify the drivers of deforestation. This study aims to obtain information on the drivers of deforestation in Besitang forests from 2000 to 2016. The method used is to do spatial modeling using GIS and binary logistic regression. The results of the research show that elevation factors, distance from settlements, and distance from oil palm plantations are factors that trigger deforestation that occurs in Besitang forests.
Identification of terrestrial fauna biodiversity as an effort to reduce the wildlife conflict in Batang Angkola protected forest
Authors: Sai B , Nasution Z , Wahyuningsih H
Published: June 2021

The case in the key biodiversity area of Sumatera named Batang Angkola indicate clearly that the trend of deforestation effected to the biodiversity lost within past few years. The objective of this research is to identify the remind wild animal in Batang Angkola Forest, as an effort to reduce the wildlife conflict, the result were significantly showed that protected forest Batang Angkola has some of the list of animals that also apart of IUCN, as tiger, pangoline, sunda pangolin and sun bear. There are 450 animals photos including 21 types of mammals, some animals that registered in the IUCN or International Union or Conservation Nature, as a part of the animals captures by the camera traps in Batang Angkola listed as endangered, endangered and critical endangered, threated and vulnerable. The analysis provides an occurrence probability for respective species, which is a proxy for abundance, that is allowing population trends to be tracked and also a Relative Abundance Indices measure for respective capture species. The high number of endangered and critical species illustrated that the forest contribution to conserving the Sumatera key biodiversity area significantly needed. Many of the wildlife animals are highly sensitive to the forest fragmentation.
The role of notaries in obtaining permits for agricultural land conversion
Authors: Zulfitri  , Sitepu R , Kamello T , Lubis M Y
Published: June 2021

One of the government’s efforts to protect productive agricultural land is by regulating Land Use Conversion Permit (LUCP). This permit must be obtained by every citizen wanting to convert agricultural land into non-agricultural land. This study aims at analysing the role of the notary in obtaining LUCP to convert agricultural land into a residential area and its relation to the sustainability of food agricultural lands in Indonesia. This research uses a normative juridical approach. The results show that applying permission to convert agricultural land to non-agricultural land is submitted to the Office of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (AASP/NLA). The role of a Notary and Land Deed Officer in converting agricultural land to non-agricultural land, as stipulated in the Notary Law, is to provide guidance or counselling on legal matters to any individual in any condition. So, LUCP concerning the conversion of agricultural land is one of the government’s efforts to protect sustainable food agricultural lands. Notaries/LDOs should continuously provide counselling regarding the importance of land use management by complying with the laws and regulations to maintain, control, and protect agricultural land so that the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land can be minimized.
Criminal policy in plantation crime in Indonesia
Authors: Renhard H , Syafrudin K , Ediwarman  , Alvi S
Published: June 2021

Indonesia is an agricultural country with abundant natural resources. Indonesia has enormous potential for plantation development to realize people’s welfare. Especially in Langkat District as the third largest plantation area in North Sumatera. Seventy percent of Langkat District consists of oil palm plantations. Therefore, the management of plantations must have the principles of sovereignty, sustainability, efficiency. The operation of plantations is in line with the mandate and spirit of Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia that states that the land, water, and natural resources contained therein are controlled by the state and utilized maximally. To protect plantations from harvest thieves, the government issued Law Number 39 of 2014 concerning the Plantation Law. This research method is normative juridical. The results showed that with the enactment of Law Number 39 of 2014 concerning Plantation, there is no criminal sanction if it does not include the value of losses and the applicable law. To protect community oil palm plantations, the criminal justice system must establish criminal policies that support justice and benefit. In conclusion, as a system demands the Criminal Court to carry out criminal policies that prioritize legal objectives.
Control of drug trafficking in plantation state-owned enterprise area to achieve a sustainable development
Authors: Pasaribu W B F , Kalo S , Ablisar M , Suwarto
Published: June 2021

Corporate sustainable development emphasizes on increasing economic profits without creating environmental and social damages. This study explores the control of drug trafficking in the plantation Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) or state-owned enterprise (SOE) area to achieve an increasing company profit. The control shall not sacrifice the future generation but can still realize sustainable development. To improve the quality of life and create a conducive environment for plantation SOE, the CSR programs are to support the establishment of a harmonious relationship between the SOE and the surrounding communities by upholding values, norms, and culture. This study applied a normative juridical method. The findings suggest that drug trafficking has now involved the young generation living around the plantation SOE estates. Children, adolescents, and adults in the estates have been exposed to drug trafficking. Moreover, they committed criminal activities such as stealing fresh fruit bunches to buy narcotics. Drug trafficking is one of the inhibiting factors for sustainable development in plantation SOE. In conclusion, the control of drug trafficking to achieve sustainable development can be done with appropriate CSR funding allocation. The fund should be effectively allocated to the drug prevention programs, the counselling to local communities, and the law enforcement.
Law conflict handling of oil palm plantation by government that social justice
Authors: Surbakti A D S , Ediwarman  , Madiasa  , Hamdan M
Published: June 2021

Plantation land conflicts become a serious problem in Indonesia, especially in Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, the Plantation Law has been established since 2004 and changes were made in 2014, but plantation land conflicts still occur today. The lack of economic levelling is the main factor so that the communities around the plantation work on government land as their land and residence. The aims of this research were to find how handling the law conflict of oil palm plantation in Deli Serdang North Sumatra and find the solution that given by government so the social justice was realized. This research used normative-juridical to people. The conclusions of this study were the number of plantation business conflicts in Deli Serdang illustrates that legal conflicts regarding the cultivation of plantation land have not shown clear consistency, especially the role and function of the government in handling plantation business conflicts to provide social justice for all people; the stipulation of the Plantation Law basically brought about fundamental changes in plantation management in Indonesia. In the substance of the Act, it has not comprehensively regulated the handling of plantation business conflicts. The Government’s efforts to handle plantation business conflicts Litigation and Non Litigation.
Repercussions of agricultural land conversion policy on food security in Indonesia
Authors: Gultom O B , Ginting B , Lubis M Y , Azwar T K D , Pasaribu M P J
Published: June 2021

The state guarantees sufficient food for every citizen as regulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Food availability is highly dependent on the existence of sustainable food agricultural lands. The conversion is the cause of food agricultural land decrease. Unmet food needs will then affect national food security. The problem in this research is the effect of granting permits for the conversion of productive agricultural land into residential land and its relation to food security in Indonesia. This legal research uses a normative juridical approach. Data was collected through a literature review and analyzed qualitatively. The results show that agricultural land is decreasing every year due to its conversion into residential and infrastructural lands for the public interest. In the end, with insufficient food needs, national food security is diminished. In conclusion, permits to convert sustainable food agricultural lands should only be given on the condition. The recommendation of this research is for the regional government, the Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ASP/NLA), and Notary/Land Deed Official to work collaboratively in providing information on the impact of agricultural land conversion on the sustainability of food availability.
What is the priority pattern for replanting the independent smallholders oil palm in Jambi Province?
Authors: Yanita M , Napitupulu D , Alamsyah Z , Ernawati H D , Elwamendri  , Fauzia G
Published: June 2021

Oil palm has become one of the most important sources of national income in Indonesia’s economic system. Jambi Province contributed 5.87 percent of palm oil to national production, with 8.54 percent of the national land area, that supplies 57 Palm Oil factories (PKS) in Jambi Province. From an area of 791,025 hectares of oil palm, 66.66 percent was cultivated by smallholders. However, the independent smallholder has constraints replanting the old or damaged tree from the financial side, technical and social, and institutional. In terms of that condition, it is essential to analyse the priority pattern for replanting the independent smallholder’s oil palm in Jambi Province. Research carried on eight districts in Jambi Province. Focus Group Discussion held to collect the data from experts purposively and analysed it by Analytical Hierarchy Processes (AHP). The result showed that independent smallholders should prioritize the partnership pattern and the independent pattern with institutional replanting in Jambi Province. It is expected to become oil palm plantation institutions and increase the income and yield of independent smallholder fresh fruit bunch.
The effect of climate change to palm oil price dynamics: a supply and demand model
Authors: Oktarina S D , Nurkhoiry R , Pradiko I
Published: June 2021

The climate change may lead to anomaly in hydrological cycle. Climatic disturbance in precipitation or rainfall rate will turn to impact oil palm production. The low precipitation due to erratic rainfall will affect sex differentiation, abort female inflorescence, and subsequently decrease oil palm yield. On a larger scale, the peculiar yield trend will fluctuate oil palm supply and thus impact the crude palm oil (CPO) price. This study was aimed to assess the impact of climate change on palm oil price dynamics and to anticipate its adverse effect faced by the vulnerable smallholder in Indonesia. The system of equations was estimated by employing simultaneous equation model. The simulations were set to generate the forecasts from 2018 to 2050 using Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. A time series data ranging from 1980 to 2018 of CPO yield, oil palm mature areas, stock changes, export, as well as monthly rainfall rate were taken into account. The simulation revealed that the climate change in terms of fluctuating rainfall would cause unfavourable palm oil price level that eventually would exacerbate smallholder welfare.
Radiosensitivity and effect of gamma ray irradiation on upland rice CV. Sidikalang
Authors: Naibaho D , Purba E , Hanafiah D S , Hasibuan S
Published: June 2021

Improvement efforts to obtain high yield and adaptive varieties can be carried out through plant breeding programs. The success of irradiation in increasing population diversity is determined by plant radiosensitivity. Radiosensitivity aimed to determine a dose that caused plant death (lethal dose) or growth inhibition of 50% of the irradiated population (LD-50). The seeds of rice CV. Sidikalang was irradiated with gamma rays at doses of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200 Gy. The results showed that the value of Lethal Dose (LD-50) on the percentage of germination is 586.446 Gy and the gamma ray irradiation treatment gave different responses to plant height.
Cookies from composite flour and starch (mocaf, breadfruit flour, orange sweet potato flour, breadfruit starch and orange sweet potato starch)
Authors: Siahaan R A , Nurminah M , Lubis Z
Published: June 2021

The physicochemical and sensory characteristics of cookies produced from mocaf, breadfruit flour, orange sweet potato flour, breadfruit starch and orange sweet potato starch, with several ratio were studied by us. Using non factorial completely randomized design with six controls (100% wheat flour, 100% mocaf (control 2); 100% breadfruit flour (control 3); 100% orange sweet potato flour (control 4); 100% breadfruit starch (control 5); and 100% orange sweet potato starch (control 6) and seven comparations of mocaf (M): breadfruit flour (BF): orange sweet potato flour (OF): breadfruit starch (BS): orange sweet potato starch (OS). The results showed that cookies with the best quality was cookies from the mocaf ratio: breadfruit flour: orange sweet potato flour: breadfruit starch: orange sweet potato starch 70:10:10:5:5.
Physicochemical characteristics and sensory muffins from mocaf, orange sweet potato flour, breadfruit flour, orange sweet potato starch, and breadfruit starch
Authors: Fahlevi M R , Nurminah M , Nainggolan R J
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of muffins produced from mocaf, orange sweet potato flour, breadfruit flour, orange sweet potato starch, and breadfruit starch with various comparisons. A non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) was used to make muffin from formulation of mocaf, orange sweet potato flour, breadfruit flour, orange sweet potato starch, and breadfruit starch (P) with ratio of 70%:15%:5%:5%:5%, 60%:20%:10%:5%:5%, 50%:25%:15%:5%:5%, 40%:30%:20%:5%:5%,30%:35%:25%:5%:5%,20%:40%:30%:5%:5%,10%:45%:35%:5%:5% and 100% wheat flour (control) which showed a very significant effect on the L value (brightness), ash content, protein content, crude fibre content, organoleptic colour, aroma, taste, and texture. The best quality muffin produced from the composite flour 50% mocaf, 25% orange sweet potato flour, 15% breadfruit flour, 5% orange sweet potato starch and 5% breadfruit starch.
Improvement of the composition value of commercial fish feeds with additional waste of torpedo scad fish scales, water hyacinth, and taro leaves
Authors: Azhari  , Nasution T I , Hilman A , Ritonga S I , Pangestu I
Published: June 2021

Waste material has a lot of nutrients needed so that it can reduce the price of fish feed. Waste that can be used includes the scales of Torpedo Scad fish (Megalapsis cordyla), taro leaves (Colocasia esculenta), and water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). This research was conducted to obtain the correct composition of the three wastes in influencing the physical properties and composition values of commercial fish feed. Composition values tested include levels of protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash content, and water content. This research method begins by refining the commercial pellets, fish scales of Torpedo Scad, taro leaves, and water hyacinth then filtering them with a 125 mesh sieve. After that, mix the ingredients in the ratio A1 A2 and A3. After that, test the composition value of each comparison. The results of this study indicated that the addition of Torpedo Scad fish scales, taro leaves, and water hyacinth were significantly different (P <0.05) on protein and carbohydrate content and fish feed pellets that had been made. It can be excluded that the addition of the waste scales of Torpedo Scad fish, taro leaves, and water hyacinth has an influence on the composition of protein and carbohydrates from fish pellets.
Physical characteristics of Gayo arabica coffee with semi-washed processing
Authors: Sinaga Sherly H , Julianti E
Published: June 2021

Gayo, Aceh, Sumatera Island that are famous for producing coffee with distinctive characteristics due to the unique geographical condition and climate. The objective of this study was to determine physical quality of Gayo Green Coffee Bean using Indonesia Semi-Washed Processing Method compare to Full-Washed Processing Method (traditional method). Result showed that green bean had lower moisture content due to over exposure while drying. Green coffee bean was produced in small batch (10kg of coffee cherries) that it made it easier to control over production condition which resulting in lower triage percentage and defect point. Colour and aroma of green coffee bean also indicated good result of processing which is bluish-green colour and pleasant aroma of fresh grass and sweet sugar cane aroma. Compare to full washed, semi-washed had more triage and defect point due to some processing steps which could be improved by more controlled processing steps or sortation on ready to stored green bean.
Functional characteristics of starch from red ginger, elephant ginger, emprit ginger and curcuma
Authors: Arini T , Yusraini E , Ridwansyah  , Lubis Z
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the functional characteristics of ginger starch which consisted of three varieties, namely red ginger, elephant ginger, emprit ginger and curcuma starch. The analysis was performed using a factorial randomized block design. The results showed that each type of starch had different functional characteristics. Based on the research results, it was found that curcuma starch had the highest water absorption capacity, swelling power and solubility values.
The use of konjac flour as gelatine substitution in making panna cotta
Authors: Karo F Y E B , Sinaga H , Karo T
Published: June 2021

The panna cotta is one of the Italian desserts served cold. The row materials for this dessert are cream and milk that are cooked with other ingredients such as sugar and gelatine. The characteristics of panna cotta resemble pudding, but the gel nature of this dessert is softer and can melt in the mouth when eaten. This study was purposed to determine the quality characteristics of panna cotta after the use of konjac flour (Amorphophallus konjac) as the substitution of gelatine. This research was conducted using a non factorial completely randomized design with 4 replications, with konjac substitution to gelatine were 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0%. Based on the tests carried out, it was found that the substitution of konjac flour to gelatine had a very significant effect on texture, vitamin C levels, and syneresis. The resulting panna cotta of texture ranges from 0.2751 mm/g to 0.2870 mm / g. The resulting panna cotta of vitamin C levels ranges from 8.3745 mg/100g to 11.5922 mg/100g. The resulting panna cotta of syneresis ranges from 6.4199% to 4.2715%. In addition, the substitution had no significant effect on the colour (°Hue), pH value, and organoleptic (colour, flavour, taste, and texture).
Analysis of the fishing season pattern of mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) using purse seine fishing gear at the Belawan Ocean Fishing Port, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Fadhilah A , Pratiwi M , Harahap Z A , Susetya I E
Published: June 2021

The fishery potential of mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) in the Malacca Strait has a high value. The fishermen at the Belawan Ocean Fishing Port mostly get the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) in their fishing activity. This study aims to determine the pattern of fishing season for mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) at the Samudera Belawan Fishing Port. Secondary data analysis used the model Schaefer and the Fishing Season Index (FSI) for the last five years. The catching season is in January, March, May, June, August, and November. The peak season for mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) occurs in November (transitional season II) with an FSI value of 116.49% and the lowest in February (the west season) with an FSI value of 89.35%.
Determination of fishing season mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) in The Waters of Belawan, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Fadhilah A , Dewinta A F
Published: June 2021

Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanaguarta) is a small pelagic fish resource with high potential and economic value. This fish is one of the principal species landed at the Belawan Ocean Fishing Port. To maintain the resource sustainability, every fishing activities must be carried out wisely. This research aimed to determine the pattern of the fishing season for mackerel landed at the Belawan Ocean Fishing Port. The research method used survey method for primary and secondary data collection. Primary data was obtained from interviews and direct data collection from the field. Secondary data were obtained from the time series fisheries statistics of the Belawan Ocean Fishing Port from 2015-2019. The results showed that the highest fishing season for mackerel (Rastrelliger kanaguarta) occurred in November (the end of the second transitional season) with fishing season index value of 127.56%. Meanwhile, the fishing season with the lowest value is estimated to occurred in July (the east season) with the Fishing Season Index value of 77.40% but it is still included in the medium fishing season.
Morphology and weight-length relationship of tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) at Tasik River, South Labuhanbatu Regency, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Desrita  , Manik B , Rambey R , Susetya I E , Hasibuan J S
Published: June 2021

Tinfoil barb is one of the fish caught in the Tasik river. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphology and weight-length relationship of tinfoil barb. This research was conducted in July-August 2020 in the Tasik river using a net with a mesh size of 1.25 inches. The number of fish caught was 96 fish with a total weight (TW) of 2-47 g and a total length (TL) of 60-125 mm. Meristic characteristics of tinfoil barb consecutively are as follows: 31-33 Linnea Literalis (LL), 24-26 Body Circular Scales (BCS), 12-14 Dorsal Front Scales (DFS), 12-14 Tail Scales (TS) a total of 12 pieces, the dorsal fin formula (DF) is DI. 8-9, the ventral fin formula (VF) is V8-10, the pectoral fin formula (PF) is P12-14, the anal fin formula (AF) is AI. 5-6 and the caudal fin formula is (CF) C14. The results of the length-weight relationship indicate that the growth pattern of fish is negative allometric (b =3.221) where the weight gain is faster than the length gain.
Isolation and selection specific bacteriophage from banana in North Sumatera to biologically control Ralstonia syzygii sub sp. celebesensis
in vitro
Authors: Murthi R S , Safni I , Lisnawita
Published: June 2021

Blood disease caused by Ralstonia
syzygii sub sp. celebesensis
(Rsc) has been an important issue affecting the production of banana plants in Indonesia. Various controls used such as bactericides, sanitation, biological agents and male flower transfer have not been able to prevent the development of this disease. Specific bacteriophages that control this pathogen have been developed, however, the study of using bacteriophage isolated and selection from banana in North Sumatera has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to isolate and to select specific bacteriophage from banana in North Sumatera to biologically control Rsc. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Universitas Sumatera Utara from January to June 2020. This experiment was conducted with nonfactorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD) by applying 4 selected bacteriophages and 1 control treatment (Control, ϕBTF1, ϕBTF2, ϕBTF3, BTF4 with four replications. The results showed that three bacteriophages including ϕBTF1, ϕBTF2, and ϕBTF4 replicated using the lytic cycle and decreased the population of Rsc for 24 hours observation. On the contrary, ϕBTF3 had lysogenic replication and kept Rsc alive but changing the pathogen became avirulent.
Isolation of endophytic fungi from Styrax sumatrana tree from Humbang Hasundutan, North Sumatra
Authors: Elfiati D , Susilowati A , Hidayat A
Published: June 2021

Endophytic fungi are a group of microorganisms colonizing the plant tissue without exposing hazardous effects to their host. Higher plants have endophytic microbes that produce bioactive compounds or secondary metabolites. The aim of the study was to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from the leaves, stems and bark of Styrax sumatrana. Samples of Styrax sumatrana leaves, stems and bark were collected from Huta Gurgur Village, Dolok Sanggul District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) was used as an isolation medium for endophytic fungi. The collection of endophytic fungal isolates was identified molecularly using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. This study obtained a total of 12 isolates of endophytic fungi, in which five isolates from bark, five isolates from stems and two isolates from leaves. Based on molecular identifications, the 12 isolates belonging to four genera, namely Fusarium, Phyllosticta, Neopestalotiopsis and Pithomyces.
Physiological character analysis of two shallot varieties at various watering frequencies
Authors: Rahmawati N , Mawarni L , Sari N U
Published: June 2021

Analysis of the physiological characteristics of plants is important because the analysis includes various observations, calculations, as well as the varying relationships between plant growth and development processes and their results. The purpose of this study was to analyse the physiological characters of two shallot varieties at various watering frequencies. The research design used was a randomized block design with 2 factors, namely shallot varieties (Medan and Bima Brebes) and the frequency of watering (intervals of 1 once a day, once every 3 days, once every 5 days and every 7 days) located in the Greenhouse and Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara in May - September 2019. The results indicated that the Bima Brebes variety produced the highest total chlorophyll, which was significantly different from the Medan variety. The leaves relative water content was not significantly different in the two shallot varieties tested by watering frequency treatment. Watering once in 5 days produced the lowest hydrogen peroxide but produced the highest ascorbate peroxidase enzyme. The activity of the ascorbate peroxidase enzyme was significantly different and had the highest value in the Medan variety, watered with a frequency of once in 5 days.