bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PhI(OAc)2‐Mediated Novel 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs), Vinylidenecyclopropanes (VCPs), and Methylenecyclobutane (MCB) with Phthalhydrazide.
Authors: Liu Le‐Ping , Lu Jian‐Mei , Shi Min
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multicomponent Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐ones with a Cu/Silica Xerogel Composite Catalyst.
Authors: Russowsky Dennis , Benvenutti Edilson V. , Roxo Gabriela S. , Grasel Fabio
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unexpected Spiro‐Benzoquinolines in the Reaction of N‐(Arylidene)naphthalen‐2‐amine, Arylaldehyde, and 1,3‐Dimethylbarbituric Acid in Water.
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Shan , Zhang Mei‐Mei , Jiang Hong , Yao Chang‐Sheng , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some Novel Substituted Purine Derivatives as Potential Anticancer, anti‐HIV‐1 and Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Rida Samia M. , Ashour Fawzia A. , El‐Hawash Soad A. M. , El‐Semary Mona M. , Badr Mona H.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Route to Pyrimido[4,5‐e][1,3,4]thiadiazine Derivatives.
Authors: Rahimizadeh M. , Nikpour M. , Bakavoli M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cycloaddition Reactions with 2,3‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Kertesz Mariusz , Pallagi Istvan , Solyom Sandor
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Cuparene, (.+‐.)‐Enokipodins A and B, and (.+‐.)‐Cuparene‐1,4‐quinone.
Authors: Secci Francesco , Frongia Angelo , Ollivier Jean , Piras Pier Paolo
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis and Formal Total Synthesis of the Antitumor Sesquiterpenoid (+)‐Eremantholide A.
Authors: Li Yi , Hale Karl J.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Enhanced Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Free and Protected Amino Acids in Water.
Authors: Roettger Svenja , Sjoeberg Per J. R. , Larhed Mats
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the Antifungal β‐1,3‐Glucan Synthase Inhibitor CANCIDAS (Ib)×2 AcOH (Caspofungin Acetate) from Pneumocandin B0 (Ia).
Authors: Leonard William R. Jr. , Belyk Kevin M. , Conlon David A. , Bender Dean R. , DiMichele Lisa M. , Liu Ji , Hughes David L.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Synthesis of Alkaloid (S)‐3‐Hydroxypiperidin‐2‐one and Its O‐TBS Protected Derivative.
Authors: Huang Pei‐Qiang , Chen Guo , Zheng Xiao
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemical Properties of 4,5‐Di(ethoxycarbonyl)‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐yl (DECDO) as a Hydroxyl Protecting Group of the 2′‐Hydroxyl Function in Ribonucleosides.
Authors: Karwowski Boleslaw , Seio Kohji , Sekine Mitsuo
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radical Cyclization Route to the Stereoselective Synthesis of (+)‐trans‐Cognac Lactone and (+)‐trans‐Aerangis Lactone.
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Bhikshapathi M. , Yadav J. S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The First Asymmetric Total Syntheses and Determination of Absolute Configurations of Xestodecalactones B (I) and C (II).
Authors: Liang Qiren , Zhang Jiyong , Quan Weiguo , Sun Yongquan , She Xuegong , Pan Xinfu
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formal Total Synthesis of Ovalcin by Carbohydrate Approach.
Authors: Yadav Jhillu Singh , Pamu Sreedhar , Bhunia Dinesh Chandra , Pabbaraja Srihari
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Clavaminols A—F, Novel Cytotoxic 2‐Amino‐3‐alkanols from the Ascidian Clavelina phlegraea.
Authors: Aiello Anna , Fattorusso Ernesto , Giordano Antonella , Menna Marialuisa , Navarrete Carmen , Munoz Eduardo
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silicon‐Based Low‐Dimensional Nanomaterials and Nanodevices
Authors: Teo Boon K. , Sun X. H.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Safe, Efficient Storage of Hydrogen in Liquid Ammonia and Ammonia‐Based Solid Chemicals.
Authors: Holbrook John H. , Olson Norman G. , Graupner Robert K. , Miller R. Doyle
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Suppressed Magnetization at the Surfaces and Interfaces of Ferromagnetic Metallic Manganites
Authors: Freeland J. W. , Kavich J. J. , Gray K. E. , Ozyuzer L. , Zheng H. , Mitchell J. F. , Warusawithana M. P. , Ryan P. , Zhai X. , Kodama R. H. , et al. et al.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Some Steps on the Molten Salt Route
Authors: Gaune‐Escard Marcelle
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemical Diffusion in Metal Oxides. Example of TiO2
Authors: Nowotny J. , Bak T. , Nowotny M. K. , Sheppard L. R.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Bridged and Nonbridged N‐Heterocycles by Cyclocondensation of Bis(silyl enol ethers) with Iminium Salts
Authors: Langer Peter
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Approaches to Enantioselective Fluorination: Cinchona Alkaloids Combinations and Chiral Ligands/Metal Complexes
Authors: Shibata Norio , Ishimaru Takehisa , Nakamura Shuichi , Toru Takeshi
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photochemically Initiated Single Polymer Immobilization
Authors: Yan Mingdi
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organophosphorus Supramolecular Chemistry. Part 1. Receptors for Organophosphorus Compounds
Authors: Berlicki Lukasz , Rudzinska Ewa , Mlynarz Piotr , Kafarski Pawel
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pyridine‐Containing Macrocycles via Cobalt‐Mediated [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions of α,ω‐Bisalkynes
Authors: Maryanoff Bruce E. , Zhang Han‐Cheng
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tetrahedral Intermediates Derived from Carbonyl Compounds, Pentacoordinate Intermediates Derived from Phosphoryl and Sulfonyl Compounds, and Concerted Paths to Avoid Them
Authors: Guthrie J. Peter
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Proton Sponges
Authors: Pozharskii Alexander F. , Ozeryanskii Valery A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydrogen Bonds of Anilines
Authors: Forlani Luciano
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in Pummerer Reactions
Authors: Akai Shuji , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Polyyne Synthesis Using Carbene—Carbenoid Rearrangements
Authors: Chalifoux Wesley A. , Tykwinski Rik R.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Modular N,O‐Chelating Ligands: Group‐4 Amidate Complexes for Catalytic Hydroamination
Authors: Lee Alison V. , Schafer Laurel L.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
DNA Meets Synthetic Polymers — Highly Versatile Hybrid Materials
Authors: Alemdaroglu Fikri E. , Herrmann Andreas
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Insulin Resistance as a Membrane Microdomain Disorder
Authors: Inokuchi Jin‐ichi
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Safe Improvement of Drug Absorption by Combinatorial Use of Sodium Laurate with Amino Acids: Cytoprotection by Amino Acids and Its Mechanisms
Authors: Higaki Kazutaka
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Barriology‐Based Strategy for Drug Absorption
Authors: Kondoh Masuo , Fujii Makiko , Yagi Kiyohito , Watanabe Yoshiteru
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transdermal Drug Delivery System. The Recent Trend of Transdermal Drug Delivery System Development
Authors: Higo Naruhito
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Spin‐Center Shift (SCS) — A Versatile Concept in Biological and Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: Wessig Pablo , Muehling Olaf
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diethylstilbestrol and docetaxel
Authors: Montgomery R. Bruce , Nelson Peter S. , Lin Daniel , Ryan Christopher W. , Garzotto Mark , Beer Tomasz M.
Published: July 2007

BACKGROUND.

The addition of diethylstilbestrol to docetaxel modified tubulin composition and improved the response of prostate cancer to chemotherapy in preclinical models. An attempt was made to recapitulate the observations in a clinical trial.

METHODS.

Twenty‐nine patients with progressive, metastatic, chemotherapy‐naive androgen‐independent prostate cancer were treated with diethylstilbestrol 1 mg daily and 5 mg on the day before docetaxel and docetaxel 36 mg/m2 intravenously weekly for 3 weeks of a 4‐week cycle. Prophylactic anticoagulation was used in all patients. Patients were assessed by prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) monthly and computed tomography (CT) and bone scans every 3 cycles. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria and PSA decline by >50% maintained for 4 weeks were used to assess activity.

RESULTS.

The median age was 68 years (range, 56–84 years), Southwest Oncology Group performance status 0 (score range, 0–2), alkaline phosphatase 120 U/L (range, 49–523), hemoglobin (Hgb) 12.6 g/dL (range, 9.2–16.3), PSA 66 ng/dL (range, 4–1962). The median number of cycles administered was 6. Soft tissue metastases were present in 51% of patients and bone metastases in 93%. Twenty‐nine patients are evaluable for response. Of these, 20 patients (69%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 49%–85%) had a PSA decline of >50% and the PSA declined by >90% in 12 patients (41%, 95% CI, 23.1%–58.9%). Of 15 patients with measurable disease, 6 (40%, 95% CI, 23.5%–61%) had a partial response. Median time to progression was 6 months (range, 3–19 months). Fifteen patients (51%) suffered grade 3/4 toxicity. Two patients died of causes unrelated to therapy and another died from a steroid‐induced ulcer. Six patients developed thrombosis and of those tested 75% had Factor V mutations. Pretreatment PSA, performance status, Hgb, and alkaline phosphatase had no impact on the likelihood of response.

CONCLUSIONS.

The combination of diethylstilbestrol and docetaxel produces a significant level of activity, measured by PSA decline and measurable disease response rate, and except for venous thrombosis the toxicity appears similar to that seen with docetaxel plus prednisone. These results suggest that tubulin modulation with diethylstilbestrol may improve the therapeutic efficacy of docetaxel and the combination is worthy of further study. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Challenges facing the development of family mediation in Israel
Authors: Zaidel Susan
Published: July 2007

Although Jewish culture and tradition are quite compatible with the goals and philosophy of mediation, family mediation has barely begun to develop in the state of Israel Three major obstacles to its development are identified and discussed: the problematic structure of the judicial system, the complex blend of both religious and secular laws, and the prevailing attitudes and practices of family law attorneys. Additional obstacles include certain attitudes and practices of mediators, the need for training, the lack of ideological commitment and financial resources, and the need for public education. The challenge facing family mediation in Israel is to prove its viability and efficacy in spite of all the obstacles.
Negotiation and evil: The sources of religious and moral resistance to the settlement of conflicts
Authors: Benjamin Robert D.
Published: July 2007

This article suggests that there is a deeply ingrained cultural resistance to negotiation and mediation. The sources of that resistance can be traced to our moral and religious teachings and to the theological practices that underlie our culture. Specifically, negotiation is frequently viewed as, at best, the compromising of one's principles and, at worst, immoral or sinful. The author examines the evolution of the concept of Satan as the personification of evil in the world and considers how negotiation has come to be associated and aligned with the work of the devil in seeking to persuade, undermine, and encourage the compromise of one's principles. Although all people do not share the same religious traditions, the concept of evil and the disdain for negotiation has been infused into our secular culture. Finally, consideration is given to how the moral resistance to negotiation might be countered to allow mediators to be more effective in managing conflict and to enable mediation to be more widely accepted.
Situated substantive expertise: An ethnographic illustration and a proposed standard of practice for mediators
Authors: Kandel Randy Frances
Published: July 2007

Through analysis of three mediator interventions, including two from the author's field research on child custody mediation in the Los Angeles County Superior Court, the author suggests that the theoretical distinctions between process and content, and between considering options and making suggestions, are untenable in practice and inadvisable as the sole basis for developing good mediation practice criteria (for example, the Model Standards of Conduct for Mediators). As a complement, the author suggests the inclusion of situated substantive expertise (grounded understanding of the people participating, the particular problems they face, and the range of workable solutions) as an affirmative obligation for mediators.
Straw man rising: A rejoinder to delia noce
Authors: Benjamin Michael , Irving Howard H.
Published: July 2007

Dorothy Delia Noce (1997) had the right idea when she argued in favor of the greater use of theory in family mediation practice. She was also largely right in defining “coherent, well‐articulated models of practice” as meeting six criteria of adequacy. However, we find her approach to theory problematic in at least three respects. Further, in selecting our text Family Mediation: Contemporary Issues (Irving and Benjamin, 1995), she sets us up as straw men and, as with all straw men, then proceeds to knock us down. In at least three respects, we suggest her treatment of our text is less than adequate.
Changing the paradigm: The effect of recent family law legislation in England, Australia, and the United States
Authors: McIaac Hugh
Published: July 2007

This article reviews three examples of reforms in family law, as well as some of their effects, or shadows. The examples are (1) the Washington state language change in family law statutes, (2) the Oregon family law reforms of 1996–97, and (3) the 1989 Children Act in England. The article concludes with an analysis of the implications for a modern family court.
National survey of victim‐offender mediation programs in the United States
Authors: Umbreit Mark S. , Greenwood Jean
Published: July 2007

An extensive survey of victim‐offender mediation programs in the United States was initiated by the Center for Restorative Justice and Mediation, University of Minnesota, School of Social Work, in 1996. Far more programs were found, at various stages of development, than had previously been identified (Hughes and Schneider, 1989; Umbreit, 1994, 1995a; Umbreit and Niemeyer, 1996). This article first briefly reviews the international growth of the victim‐offender mediation field. It then reports on the quantitative findings that emerged from the national survey of programs in the United States and on a number of themes that emerged from open‐ended questions and conversations with the staff from the 116 programs (out of a total of 289 programs identified) that participated in an interview.
Negotiation culture in a post‐soviet context: An interdisciplinary perspective
Authors: Ohanyan Anna
Published: July 2007

An American negotiates for a car, for a house, and for a place within the society. Negotiation is engraved in the informal social relations of the American culture and embedded in the institutional design of the American state. However, given the past authoritarian structure in the post‐Communist countries and the current political hardships on the course of democratization, currently negotiation is not a frequently used strategy in that region. However, its role in dealing with the democratization processes, ethnic strife, and globalization trends affecting the region is extremely urgent. The rapid social changes in the region require adequate adjustments in the decision‐making modes in both formal governance structures and the informal public realm.
Reformulating dispute narratives through active listening
Authors: Phillips Bruce
Published: July 2007

Traditional approaches to mediation treat active listening skills like formulation (reflecting, mirroring) as neutral means through which mediators may come to know the issues of concern to disputants. This study investigated the use of formulation through the microanalysis of a mediation session and a therapy session. The analysis shows that formulating is a nonneutral means of communication that allows the mediator to (1) transform disputants' statements, (2) select or ignore disputants' issues, and (3) invite or discourage disputants' contributions to these issues. Formulation apparently plays an important function in the reformulation of dispute narratives.
Practice issues in community mediation
Authors: Mackay Robert E. , Brown Amanda J.
Published: July 2007

We report the findings of a study of three Scottish mediation programs undertaken in 1997. We used a qualitative method, drawing on interviews with referrers, practitioners, service users, and managers, as well as case documentation. We conclude that (1) practitioners have to take seriously the interface with legal and official administrative processes, (2) volunteer mediators need to develop confidence in promoting mediation as a practice, (3) the projection of direct face‐to‐face mediation as an ideal‐typical model has to be reexamined, and (4) existing traditions of conflict resolution in minority ethnic communities should be owned as a part of a strategy of social inclusion.
Mediator attitudes toward outcomes: A philosophical view
Authors: Gibson Kevin
Published: July 2007

One of the strengths of mediation is that individuals are capable of crafting their own settlements, and many mediators are reluctant to monitor or interfere with a settlement that the parties endorse. I suggest that mediators cannot ignore the nature of the settlement. Parties may be unreliable judges of their own best interests, and there are inevitably wider social issues that need to be considered. My analysis implies that there ought to be some mechanism for external review of all mediated agreements. Although this conclusion might make mediation less efficient, it is necessary to maintain the integrity of the process.
The role of interest‐based facilitation in designing accreditation standards: The Canadian experience
Authors: Neilson Linda C. , English Peggy
Published: July 2007

This article discusses the design and implementation of a national certification process for family mediators by Family Mediation Canada (FMC) in 1999, as well as findings from data collected during the pilot testing, of the certification process. Debates continue about theoretical orientation, best practices, and thus the feasibility of standards of practice. This article argues that although these debates are vital to disciplinary growth, they deflect attention from areas of fundamental consensus. Professional practice arid certification standards are designed using one of two approaches. The first approach is expert‐driven and evaluative and focuses on differences among practitioners. In this approach, experts evaluate differences and then propose the best model and standards of practice. The second approach is interest‐based and facilitative. It builds on areas of consensus among practitioners. Facilitators use mediation methods to support practitioner self‐empowerment and self‐determination in the design of practice and certification standards. This article argues that adoption of the second approach was the key to the success of the FMC process.
Money and mediation: Patterns of conflict in family mediation of financial matters
Authors: Benjamin Michael , Irving Howard
Published: July 2007

Current treatment of family mediation involing financial matters portrays it as a complex but rotine area of practice based on legal principle and typically handled by lawyers. Little if any mention is made of the fact of that negotiation around money (assets) and its division can be a source of intense spousal conflict. In turn the literature offers pratitioners little or no guidance as to either the bases of such conflict or how best to deal with it in mediation. In describing five distinctive patterns of conflict around money, we address both limitation of the literature.
Advice by any other name…
Authors: Fisher Tom
Published: July 2007

Within the context of family law mediation, the author explores the issue of giving advice and performing related interventions that mask a similar intention. It does so by examining some codes of conduct and professional standards from Australia, Canada, and the United States and also by drawing on recent literature concerning mediator intervention, particularly on the subjects of impartiality and neutrality, reframing, mediator pressure, ethics, and the concept of the mediator as “folkloric trickster.” The author concludes that mediator intervention (such as creating doubt, reframing, and applying pressure to respond to a mediators concern) and selective facilitation obviously do not fit the definition of giving advice in the narrow sense by recommending a specific course of action. Nevertheless, they also are not simply an intervention of process (rather than one of content), for they are intended to redirect a party's attention to a hitherto unthought of or unarticulated substantive possibility. Thus the mediator may be seen, in broad terms, as an advocate for fair and effective use of the process of mediation to safeguard or enhance party self determination. To forward this aim, he or she may use an intervention intended to impart advice while still respecting party autonomy.
Theory building for conflict management system design
Authors: Conbere John P.
Published: July 2007

Since 1986, several practitioners have developed models for conflict management systems in organizations. None of these has been thoroughly researched to validate the premises of the design. The models are described in this article, and Dubin's approach to theory building is reviewed and used as a template to examine what is needed to validate and improve the developing theory about organizational conflict management system design and implementation. A call for research is given, with some specific research questions that merit investigation.
Conflict resolution education in the schools: “Getting there”
Authors: Sandy Sandra V.
Published: July 2007

Conflict resolution education is an important and productive component of public education efforts. However, implementing and institutionalizing these programs is often difficult. By drawing on a better understanding of theory and research, this article suggests the best practices for conflict resolution education efforts.
Transnational conflict resolution practice: A brief introduction to the context, issues, and search for best practice in exporting conflict resolution
Authors: Yarn Douglas H.
Published: July 2007

This article introduces three other articles on transnational conflict resolution practice. Many North American practitioners are “exporting conflict resolution,” applying their domestic experience and North American conflict‐handling models and concepts in other societies and cultures. This practice raises a number of issues, including the cultural appropriateness and transferability of the models and the ability of the society to integrate new conflict‐handling mechanisms or build conflict‐handling capacity. This article describes the kinds of work that various practitioners are conducting abroad and the context in which they are operating. It examines whether some of the models are replicable and suggests that the underlying concepts are often transferable but that the ultimate form or structure depends on the specific cultural context. It concludes that the primary challenge of transnational conflict resolution practice is conceptual transferability and that any emerging guidelines, protocols, or best practices are useful if they aid the recipient society's efforts to structurally adapt the conflict‐handling model.
Conflict resolution in elementary and secondary education
Authors: Levy Jack
Published: July 2007

Public school curricula have traditionally treated conflict as a body of knowledge rather than an opportunity for skill development. Increasingly, however, programs that feature mediation, cooperative learning, and cross‐cultural communication have become more common. Those designing conflict resolution (CR) curricula must carefully consider purpose, audience, and outcomes. This paper provides a framework for reflection, offers some guidelines for writing and implementing CR curricula, and includes examples of current elementary and secondary programs and practices.
A model for ethical decision making in mediation
Authors: Grebe Sarah Childs , Irvin Karen , Lang Michael
Published: July 2007

Mediators are constantly faced with ethical dilemmas in their practice. Many mediators are unfamiliar with the philosophical and theoretical bases for ethical decision making because it is not a part of their training. On the other hand, most mediators utilize a variation of a problem‐solving technique in mediation that can be easily adapted to resolving ethical dilemmas. This article explores the sources of conflict (both internal and external to the mediator) resulting in ethical dilemmas. It delineates a problem‐solving model for decision making and presents its application to a case.
Mediation in the schools: Self‐regulation, self‐esteem, and self‐discipline
Authors: Maxwell Jennifer P.
Published: July 2007

Self‐regulation is a concept from the field of developmental psychology that describes a person's ability to generate socially approved behavior in the absence of external monitors. It is considered to be a significant aspect in the socialization of children. School‐based mediation programs that train students in communication and problemsolving skills and allow them to practice these skills, can be an asset to schools in a number of ways. Mediation is an effective way of addressing discipline problems that are especially difficult to handle using traditional means. At the same time, students participating in a mediation program are rehearsed in skills that lead to selfregulation.
The merely known mediator: Taoism and the metaphoric analysis of mediator behavior in divorce and custody mediation
Authors: Holt G. Richard , Steingard David
Published: July 2007

Seven metaphors describing the ideal leader are taken from the Chinese Taoist classic Tao Te Ching and reformulated as prescriptions for the mediator of divorce and custody disputes. It is argued that these seven metaphoric prescriptions serve two functions in the study of mediation: (1) as desirable practices for the mediator to emulate and (2) as generative metaphors that foster discovery about the mediation process when applied to transcripts of mediation sessions.
The advanced technique of touching: Notes from a training seminar
Authors: Neumann Diane
Published: July 2007

This article describes a workshop presented during a mediator training seminar on the advanced technique of touching. Touching is defined as minor physical contact initiated by a mediator toward his or her client, such as a handshake or a pat on the back. The workshop explores some possible consequences of this contact.
Part 2. Research perspectives. Violence, fear, and communication: The variable impact of domestic violence on mediation
Authors: Chandler David B.
Published: July 2007

Generalizations from a clinical knowledge base as well as from victim advocates may have resulted in overestimation of the prevalence of domestic violence in divorce mediation cases and an overly simple view of its consequences for victims in mediation. Careful empirical comparison between violence cases, identified by premediation screening questions, and nonviolence cases in a popuhtion (n = 216) of divorcing couples voluntarily seeking mediation, reveals that 23 percent have a history of violence. A policy of premediation violence screening and counseling may be able to adequately differentiate between the potentially small number of violence cases in which mediation is inappropriate and those cases in which mediation has the same results as it does for nonviolence cases.
The power of mediation
Authors: Marshall Tony F.
Published: July 2007

The article analyzes the relationship between mediation practice and the structure of power in society. Most of the theory of mediation is premised on myths about its practice that constitute flight from the conflict with social power. Mediation, far from being value‐neutral, represents a distinct and well‐developed value system that can be used both to create professional standards and to educate the public. Only a combination of the two can provide protection against a takeover of mediation by power holders in society.
Mental illness and labeling in mediation
Authors: Retzinger Suzanne M.
Published: July 2007

This article concerns mediation issues involving the labeling of mental illness. I am not advocating the involvement of mental patients in mediation; but when one or both parents arrive at court‐mandated child custody mediation with mental problems, certain issues need to be addressed. Scheffs (1984) work on labeling can be used to understand some of the myths of mental illness: stereotyping leads to bias, diminishes neutrality, and distorts interpretations. Many stereotypes evolved from individualistic approaches. A system approach may be more productive. Family system theory views the parts (individual members) in the context of the whole (the family and community). Labeling theory views the larger whole of belief systems. I use a composite case example to illustrate my point. Several implications concerning power positions, mediator bias, and “insight” follow from my analysis.
Mediation and the workplace: Creating an awareness within employee assistance programs
Authors: Csiernik Rick
Published: July 2007

Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) have arisen in work sites to help troubled employees deal with personal problems before their jobs are permanently affected. Originally known as Occupational Alcoholism Programs, EAPs now deal with a wide spectrum of problems. Depending on the work site, 20 to 45 percent of persons using EAPs do so for family or marital reasons. EAP is a burgeoning industry across North America, yet its links with mediation services are limited. EAP can act not only as an access route to mediation but also as a workplace‐based support system for those involved in the mediation process.
Mediating postdecree disputes
Authors: Jacob Lynn C.
Published: July 2007

The author has developed a model that offers mediators a procedure for looking at postdecree cases and evaluating what is needed so that disputing former spouses can resolve their differences. The major feature of this model is an extensive use of the individual meeting, or caucus. This article presents strategies and techniques that are useful when mediating postdecree disputes.
Emotional anger and grief in divorce mediation
Authors: Somary Karen , Emery Robert E.
Published: July 2007

Even “irrational” anger felt by divorcing partners may serve legitimate psychological purposes. Awareness of the types and functions of anger should help the process of anger management in mediation.
The equity of mediated divorce agreements
Authors: Pearson Jessica
Published: July 2007

Empirical studies come to contradictory conclusions about the dispute resolution forum women can expect to be most equitable in arrangements associated with separation and divorce. Structured telephone interviews were conducted with 302 divorced individuals who not only mediated their separation and divorce issues but also used other methods such as lawyer negotiation, judicial assistance, and autonomous negotiation. Mediation took place in both public and private arenas. Although mediation does not exacerbate the financial woes of women after divorce any more than any of the other dispute resolution techniques, it may not protect women either.
How mediation can effectively address the male‐female power imbalance in divorce
Authors: Neumann Diane
Published: July 2007

Feminists have long cautioned women in “traditional” marriages against the use of mediation to resolve support and property issues in divorce. Their concern is that the great disparity in power between the more powerful, income‐producing husband and the less powerful, caretaking wife results in the husband winning a greater share of the marital assets. Society must change, feminists insist, in order for a mediator to effectively address the imbalance. Divorce mediators, in contrast, explain that mediators can effectively address the power imbalance between such traditional divorcing spouses and that the mediation process can result in a fair settlement. The resolution of these two conflicting theories is the focus of this article.
The invisible ‐ism: Heterosexism and the implications for mediation
Authors: Townley Annette
Published: July 2007

The mediation field has made great strides in its commitment to multicultural understanding, but lesbians and gay men remain invisible within the conflict resolution community. There is virtually no dispute resolution literature, except anecdotal, to support this claim. However, there is evidence to support the fact that lesbians and gay men are a significant but often invisible portion of the U.S. population. This article discusses ways in which the mediation field perpetuates this invisibility, explores whether mediation really provides an alternative dispute resolution process for lesbians and gays, assesses the impact of this exclusion on the practice of mediation, and suggests ways in which mediators and mediation programs can address homophobia and heterosexism.
Mediation and therapy: An alternative view
Authors: Haynes John M.
Published: July 2007

In this commentary on Marian Roberts's article, the author identifies the appropriate use of family therapy strategies in mediation. Building on the commentary, guidelines for mediator behavior are suggested and some ethical issues that emerge from these guidelines are examined.
Ethics and the professional family mediator
Authors: Grebe Sarah Childs
Published: July 2007

This article identifies the value base of the family mediation profession and compares it with the primary principles of professional mediation ethics. Tensions between ethics and differing value bases are discussed. The author concludes by suggesting that ethical standards for mediators ought to reflect the value base of the profession.
The role of minorities in establishing mediating norms and institutions in the new democracies
Authors: Shonholtz Raymond
Published: July 2007

This article focuses on some of the dilemmas presented to the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe by the suppression, manipulation, and minimalization of the function of conflict under the Communist regimes. That legacy is presented as the background for a discussion of the importance of conflict for democratic institution building and the setting of new norms in the republics of Central and Eastern Europe and the Russian federation.
Do peaceful conflict management methods pose problems in posttotalitarian Poland?
Authors: Olszanska Justyna , Olszanski Robert , Wozniak Jacek
Published: July 2007

Mediation as a conflict management procedure is a new phenomenon in Poland. This article examines the fundamental barriers to its introduction there: traditional patterns of thinking about conflict, approaches to the resolution of conflict, and current political and economic conditions. The problems of introducing a procedure based on the concepts of process experts into a society where social expectations and cultural tradition differ from those in the United States are described. The article discusses how the mediation procedure can be adapted in Poland to incorporate conditions specific to the country.
Mediation and native American repatriation of human remains
Authors: Thom Stephen N. , Myers Larry , Klugman Julian
Published: July 2007

This article works the reader through actual casework conducted by mediators from the California State Native American Heritage Commission and the Community Relations Service of the U.S. Department of Justice. It explores mediation of disputes on Native American repatriation as a relatively new and sensitive area and describes how such cases with divergent interests can find solutions through mediation. The authors pay particular attention to the premediation stages of these cases, which set the stage for a review of the actual disputed issues and resolutions derived from a series of five cases.
Influencing unconscious influences: The healing dimension of mediation
Authors: Gold Lois
Published: July 2007

Current role definitions limit the potential for the mediation process to be a healing experience. This article examines the implications of considering mediation within a healing paradigm. Methods to increase the healing potential of the mediation process focus on the quality of the mediator‐client relationship, drawing from the mediator's highest consciousness or spiritual center, the use of indirect and embedded suggestion, and strategies that promote self‐healing. It is suggested that there is room for a model of mediation incorporating healing, which might be referred to as “holistic” mediation.
Mediator issue intervention strategies: A replication and some conclusions
Authors: Donohue William A. , Drake Laura , Roberto Anthony J.
Published: July 2007

The goal of the study reported here was to compare two samples of mediator intervention strategies to learn about sources of dissatisfaction among clients. The results indicate that the more mediators ignore disputants' relational concerns, the more difficulty they will experience in reaching agreement. In both samples, couples who came to mediation with significant relational baggage quickly moved the discussion toward these concerns and away from substantive issues. Mediators who had trouble reaching agreement bypassed any mention of these issues and instead focused on facts. By failing to provide the clients with an opportunity to vent emotional concerns, these mediators may have contributed significantly to decreased client satisfaction.
Evaluating parental stressors of divorcing couples referred to mediation and effects on mediation outcomes
Authors: Burrell Nancy A. , Narus Leonard , Bogdanoff Katherine , Allen Mike
Published: July 2007

This investigation developed and tested a theoretical model using data from a field study evaluating the utility of court‐ordered divorce mediation. Couples who had filed for divorce with child custody disputes evaluated the process of mediation as a means of settling their arguments rather than relying on the court system to resolve their conflicts. Parents' concern for their children and their expectations about mediation were found to have a positive impact on outcome. Major predictors of stress were feelings about self (self‐esteem) and communication skills. The data were consistent with the model.
Mediators' and lawyers' perceptions of education and training in family mediation
Authors: Neilson Linda C.
Published: July 2007

This article explores the education and training needed by family and divorce mediators, and some of the professional obstacles to future educational developments. These matters, and the issues of mediator education, the attitudes of family lawyers and mediators toward each other, and the early disciplinary formation of mediation, are examined through the eyes of family mediators and lawyers practicing in the Greater London area in 1987 and 1988. The study reveals the historical educational shortcomings of practicing mediators and the problematic tendency of untrained mediators to rely on methods adapted from other disciplines. It suggests that limiting mediation practice to members of particular disciplines is unwarranted, and it points out instead the importance of personal mediator characteristics. Although the lawyers and mediators alike recommended fundamental educational improvements, the study notes the need for caution lest educational developments provoke changes in the essential nature of mediation.
Attitudes of attorneys toward mediation
Authors: Medley Morris L. , Schellenberg James A.
Published: July 2007

This article examines the attitudes of Indiana attorneys toward civil (non‐divorce) and divorce mediation. A probability sample of jive hundred attorneys was drawn from a population of eighty‐five hundred. Nearly 50 percent responded to a mailed questionnaire survey. Responses were generally positive toward mediation as an alternative to traditional litigation, with younger attorneys more favorable than older attorneys. Five advantages of mediation were identified, as were two significant concerns.
The development and impact of victim‐offender mediation in the United States
Authors: Umbreit Mark S.
Published: July 2007

Victim‐offender mediation is no longer simply an experiment but is now established as an important and growing subfield of alternative dispute resolution. Research suggests high levels of client satisfaction and perceptions of fairness with both the process and outcome of mediated victim‐offender conflict. This article examines the extensive development and impact of the field in the United States, describing its historical roots as well as its rationales and program models. Similarities and differences with more common applications of mediation are identified, along with key research findings.