bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Second-Generation Sequencing with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Lung Infection Detection
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Zhang Gerui , Jingyuan Zhao , Yu Liyan , Sheng Junxiu , Zhang Na , Yuan Hong
Published: February 2020

Recently, deep reinforcement learning, associated with medical big data generated and collected from medical Internet of Things, is prospective for computer-aided diagnosis and therapy. In this paper, we focus on the application value of the second-generation sequencing technology in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases with the aid of the deep reinforcement learning. Specifically, the rapid, comprehensive, and accurate identification of pathogens is a prerequisite for clinicians to choose timely and targeted treatment. Thus, in this work, we present representative deep reinforcement learning methods that are potential to identify pathogens for lung infection treatment. After that, current status of pathogenic diagnosis of pulmonary infectious diseases and their main characteristics are summarized. Furthermore, we analyze the common types of second-generation sequencing technology, which can be used to diagnose lung infection as well. Finally, we point out the challenges and possible future research directions in integrating deep reinforcement learning with second-generation sequencing technology to diagnose and treat lung infection, which is prospective to accelerate the evolution of smart healthcare with medical Internet of Things and big data.
A Remark on Isometries of Absolutely Continuous Spaces
Authors: Ranjbar-Motlagh Alireza
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this article is to study the isometries between vector-valued absolutely continuous function spaces, over compact subsets of the real line. Indeed, under certain conditions, it is shown that such isometries can be represented as a weighted composition operator.
Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Mechanism of Coral Sand‐Cement Mortar
Authors: Wang Luoxin , Mei Junshuai , Wu Jing , He Xingyang , Li Hainan , Ding Qingjun
Published: February 2020

The workability and mechanical performance of coral sand‐cement mortar (coral mortar, for short) and the modification effects of mineral admixtures on the coral mortar were studied in this paper. The results showed that the strength of coral mortar was lower than that of standard mortar, but the strength of coral mortar was improved by compositing with the mineral admixture, which can be attributed to the improvement of the microstructure and interface transition area. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to explore the microscopic mechanism involved in the mechanical properties, volume stability, and hydration of mortar. The analyses revealed that the internal curing effect of coral sand improved the mechanical properties of mortar and its ability to resist shrinkage. The uneven surface of coral sand formed a meshing state of close combination with the hardened cement mortar, which helped to improve the volume stability of mortar. The Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions from coral sand participated in the hydration reaction of cement, which contributed to generating more hydration products. Moreover, the microaggregate filling and pozzolanic effects of fly ash and slag improved the mechanical properties of coral mortar and resistance to chloride ion diffusion.
Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene and Controlled Atmosphere on Ethylene Synthesis and Quality Attributes of Avocado cvs. Edranol and Fuerte
Authors: Olivares Daniela , Alvarez Edgard , Véliz Daniela , García-Rojas Miguel , Díaz Camila , Defilippi Bruno G.
Published: February 2020

Avocado production worldwide relies on several varieties, with “Hass” being the most commercialized; however, the available genotypes include a number of green-skin varieties with important roles in several countries. Because many technologies have already been developed in “Hass” avocado, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application during long-term storage of “Edranol” and “Fuerte” avocados. Fruits of both varieties were harvested at two maturity stages: an early harvest close to 20–23% dry matter (DM) content and another after two months, with 22% and 32% DM content for Edranol and Fuerte, respectively. After harvest, the fruit was stored under the following conditions: (i) regular air storage (RA), (ii) CA with 4% O2and 6% CO2, and (iii) 1-MCP applied at 300 ppm. Avocados were stored at 5°C and 85% relative humidity. Physiological and quality evaluations were performed immediately after 30 and 50 days; afterwards, the avocados were maintained at 20°C (shelf life) until they reached the ready-to-eat stage. Ethylene synthesis was assessed by measuring the transcript accumulation of the ACO and ACS genes. The two varieties showed distinct respiration and ethylene production rates during ripening, and fruit stored under CA or after application of 1-MCP showed lower respiration rates than fruit stored under RA, with the lowest rate in 1-MCP-treated avocados. ACS and ACO transcript levels were also lower under both conditions. CA and 1-MCP were very effective tools for extending storage life mainly by reducing the fruit softening rate and the incidence of pulp disorders in both varieties, and interestingly, these techniques did not severely affect the days to reach the ready-to-eat stage. Therefore, the use of CA and 1-MCP technologies in “Fuerte” and “Edranol” seems to be suitable for maintaining quality through 50 days of storage.
Primary Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of the Uterus: A Rare Tumor with Very Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Majeed Nasma K. , Adley Brian , Guzman Grace , Mehta Vikas
Published: February 2020

Angiosarcoma is a high-grade vascular tumor arising from endothelial cells of blood vessels. It represents less than 1% of the mesenchymal tumors. Uterine angiosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor with less than 25 cases reported in the literature. It usually presents in postmenopausal women as uterine mass and rarely can arise in a leiomyoma. It is included in the group of tumors of aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Herein, we present a case of primary uterine angiosarcoma in a 56-year-old female patient with a history of fibroids presenting with pelvic pain and weight loss. Abdominal CT scan showed a large uterine mass and enlarged pelvic lymph nodes. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, and on histopathologic examination, it was found to be primary epithelioid angiosarcoma of the uterus. Immunohistochemical stains for CD31, keratin MAK-6, and keratin AE1/AE3 confirmed the diagnosis. In conclusion, uterine angiosarcoma should be suspected in any rapidly growing hemorrhagic uterine mass, and appropriate sampling and immunohistochemical stains should be considered.
Optimal Control Strategies of HFMD in Wenzhou, China
Authors: Ding Zuqin , Li Yong , Cai Yongli , Dong Yueping , Wang Weiming
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics and optimal control strategies of a modified hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) model incorporating the EV-A71 vaccination in Wenzhou, China, analytically and numerically. We define the basic reproduction number R0 and show that it can be used to determine whether HFMD becomes extinct or not. Based on the monthly reported HFMD cases in Wenzhou for 76 months, we estimate the parameters in the dynamic model by using the method of minimum chi-square fitting, conduct the sensitivity analysis to investigate the influence of each uncertain parameter on R0 with the methods of Latin hypercube sampling and partial rank correlation coefficient, and find that the EV-A71 vaccination does not lead to the extinction of HFMD, but slightly reduces the incidence of HFMD. In order to control the spread of HFMD in Wenzhou, we need to increase the rate of EV-A71 vaccination, decrease the contact rates, and shorten the course of disease.
A Temporal and Spatial Data Redundancy Processing Algorithm for RFID Surveillance Data
Authors: Wang Siye , Cao Ziwen , Zhang Yanfang , Huang Weiqing , Jiang Jianguo
Published: February 2020

The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) data acquisition rate used for monitoring is so high that the RFID data stream contains a large amount of redundant data, which increases the system overhead. To balance the accuracy and real-time performance of monitoring, it is necessary to filter out redundant RFID data. We propose an algorithm called Time-Distance Bloom Filter (TDBF) that takes into account the read time and read distance of RFID tags, which greatly reduces data redundancy. In addition, we have proposed a measurement of the filter performance evaluation indicators. In experiments, we found that the performance score of the TDBF algorithm was 5.2, while the Time Bloom Filter (TBF) score was only 0.03, which indicates that the TDBF algorithm can achieve a lower false negative rate, lower false positive rate, and higher data compression rate. Furthermore, in a dynamic scenario, the TDBF algorithm can filter out valid data according to the actual scenario requirements.
Deep Neural Network with Joint Distribution Matching for Cross‐Subject Motor Imagery Brain‐Computer Interfaces
Authors: Zhao Xianghong , Zhao Jieyu , Liu Cong , Cai Weiming
Published: February 2020

Motor imagery brain‐computer interfaces (BCIs) have demonstrated great potential and attract world‐spread attentions. Due to the nonstationary character of the motor imagery signals, costly and boring calibration sessions must be proceeded before use. This prevents them from going into our realistic life. In this paper, the source subject’s data are explored to perform calibration for target subjects. Model trained on source subjects is transferred to work for target subjects, in which the critical problem to handle is the distribution shift. It is found that the performance of classification would be bad when only the marginal distributions of source and target are made closer, since the discriminative directions of the source and target domains may still be much different. In order to solve the problem, our idea comes that joint distribution adaptation is indispensable. It makes the classifier trained in the source domain perform well in the target domain. Specifically, a measure for joint distribution discrepancy (JDD) between the source and target is proposed. Experiments demonstrate that it can align source and target data according to the class they belong to. It has a direct relationship with classification accuracy and works well for transferring. Secondly, a deep neural network with joint distribution matching for zero‐training motor imagery BCI is proposed. It explores both marginal and joint distribution adaptation to alleviate distribution discrepancy across subjects and obtain effective and generalized features in an aligned common space. Visualizations of intermediate layers illustrate how and why the network works well. Experiments on the two datasets prove the effectiveness and strength compared to outstanding counterparts.
Experimental Investigation on Carbonation Behavior in Lime‐Stabilized Expansive Soil
Authors: Xu Long , Zha Fusheng , Liu Congmin , Kang Bo , Liu Jingjing , Yu Chuang
Published: February 2020

The carbonation behavior of lime‐stabilized expansive soil is important for assessing the stabilization efficiency from the perspective of durability. In this study, the accelerated carbonation tests, measurement of pH value distribution, and the free swell ratio tests were conducted to investigate the evolutions of carbonation depth, carbonation extent, and expansive potential of lime‐stabilized expansive soil. XRD, MIP, and SEM techniques were adopted as supplements to reveal the carbonation mechanism. Results demonstrated that the carbonation depth of lime‐stabilized expansive soil increased significantly as time elapsed; however, the rate of increase reduced when the carbonation time increased. Higher carbonation depth was obtained at higher temperature and CO2 concentration and lower relative humidity, which was described by an empirical model. Fully, partly, and noncarbonated zones were subsequently presented with an increase in the depth of the soil. The expansive potential of lime‐stabilized expansive soil was partially recovered during carbonation. The obtained linear relationships between the free swell ratio and pH value were adopted to describe the evolution of expansive behavior with carbonation time and depth. In microstructural analysis, the conversion of portlandite into calcium carbonate was significant, which resulted in changes in microstructure and controlled the carbonation behavior.
On Constructing Strongly Connected Dominating and Absorbing Set in 3-Dimensional Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Liang Jiarong , Yi Meng , Zhang Weiguang , Li Yanyan , Liang Xinyu , Qin Bin
Published: February 2020

In a wireless ad hoc network, the size of the virtual backbone (VB) is an important factor for measuring the quality of the VB. The smaller the VB is, the less the overhead caused by the VB. Since ball graphs (BGs) have been used to model 3-dimensional wireless ad hoc networks and since a connected dominating set can be used to represent a VB undertaking routing-related tasks, the problem of finding the smallest VB is transformed into the problem of finding a minimum connected dominating set (MCDS). Many research results on the MCDS problem have been obtained for unit disk graphs and unit ball graphs, in which the transmission ranges of all nodes are identical. In some situations, the node powers can vary. One can model such a network as a graph with different transmission ranges for different nodes. In this paper, we focus on the problem of minimum strongly connected dominating and absorbing sets (MSCDASs) in a strongly connected directed ball graph with different transmission ranges, which is also NP-hard. We design an algorithm considering the construction of a strongly connected dominating and absorbing set (SCDAS), whose size does not exceed 319/15k3+116/5k2+29/5kopt+29/3k3+116/5k2+87/5k+13/15, where opt is the size of an MCDAS and k denotes the ratio of rmax to rmin in the ad hoc network with transmission range rmin,rmax. Our simulations show the feasibility of the algorithm proposed in this paper.
Sonographic Assessment of Intravascular Fluid Estimate (SAFE) Score by Using Bedside Ultrasound in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Killu Keith , Coba Victor , Blyden Dionne , Munie Semeret , Dereczyk Darlene , Kandagatla Pridvi , Tang Amy
Published: February 2020

Objective. The objective of the study was to use an ultrasound-based numerical scoring system for assessment of intravascular fluid estimate (SAFE) and test its validity.Methods. A prospective, observational study was carried out in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of an urban tertiary care teaching hospital. Patient’s intravascular volume status was assessed using the standard methods of heart rate, blood pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output, lactate and saturation of venous oxygen, and others. This was compared with assessment using bedside ultrasound evaluation of the cardiac function, inferior vena cava, lungs, and the internal jugular vein. Applying a numerical scoring system was evaluated by Fisher’s exact testing and multinomial logistic model to predict the volume status based on ultrasound scores and the classification accuracy.Results. 61 patients in the ICU were evaluated. 21 (34.4% of total) patients diagnosed with hypovolemia, and their ultrasound volume score was −4 in 14 (66.7%) patients, −3 in 5 (23.8%) patients, and 0 in 2 (9.5%) patients (p<0.001). 18 (29.5% of total) patients diagnosed with euvolemia, and their ultrasound volume score was 0 in 11 (61.1%) patients, +1 in 4 (22.2%) patients, and −1 in 1 (5.6%) patient (p<0.001). 22 (36.1% of total) patients diagnosed with hypervolemia, and their ultrasound volume score was +4 in 4 (18.2%) patients, +3 in 15 (68.2%) patients, and  + 1 in 1 (4.6%) patient (p<0.001). We found a strong association between standard measures and the ultrasound score (p<0.001).Conclusion. Using the SAFE scoring system to identify the IVV status in critically ill patients significantly correlates with the standard measures. A SAFE score of −4 to −2 more likely represents hypovolemia, −1 to +1 more likely represents euvolemia, and +2 to +4 more likely to be hypervolemia.
The Role of Tc‐99m DTPA Renal Dynamic Scintigraphy in Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Ming , Dai Shundong , Li Yaming
Published: February 2020

Purpose. Technetium‐99m diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Tc‐99m DTPA) renal dynamic scintigraphy is a widely used imaging technique that evaluates renal function of patients with extrarenal abnormalities, but its clinical value in potentially offering us information on proliferation of liposarcoma has not yet been reported. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 7 patients with histopathologically confirmed retroperitoneal liposarcoma who underwent Tc‐99m DTPA renal dynamic scintigraphy. The clinical data, histopathological findings, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), and Tc‐99m DTPA uptake were recorded. Results. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma and well‐differentiated liposarcoma showed dissimilar degrees of Tc‐99m DTPA uptake, an observation that correlated with Ki‐67 expression (p < 0.01). 4 of the 7 patients were diagnosed with dedifferentiated liposarcoma, showing a moderate uptake of Tc‐99m DTPA and greater than 20% Ki‐67 expression on histological slides. Meanwhile, the remaining 3 patients, diagnosed with well‐differentiated liposarcoma, showed no uptake of Tc‐99m DTPA and Ki‐67 expression of less than 5%. Conclusions. This study suggests that Tc‐99m DTPA renal dynamic scintigraphy provides diagnostic value in patients with retroperitoneal liposarcoma, not only in evaluating renal function but also in visualizing lesion‐related radionuclide uptake, which may potentially offer further clinical insights into tumor proliferation and provide prognostic value for clinical outcomes in patients with retroperitoneal liposarcoma.
Glial TIM-3 Modulates Immune Responses in the Brain Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Kim Hyung-Seok , Chang Chi Young , Yoon Hee Jung , Kim Ki Sun , Koh Han Seok , Kim Sang Soo , Lee Sang-Jin , Kane Lawrence P. , Park Eun Jung
Published: February 2020

T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing molecule 3 (TIM-3), a potential immunotherapeutic target for cancer, has been shown to display diverse characteristics in a context-dependent manner. Thus, it would be useful to delineate the precise functional features of TIM-3 in a given situation. Here, we report that glial TIM-3 shows distinctive properties in the brain tumor microenvironment. TIM-3 was expressed on both growing tumor cells and their surrounding cells including glia and T cells in an orthotopic mouse glioma model. The expression pattern of TIM-3 was distinct from those of other immune checkpoint molecules in tumor-exposed and tumor-infiltrating glia. Comparison of cells from tumor-bearing and contralateral hemispheres of a glioma model showed that TIM-3 expression was lower in tumor-infiltrating CD11b+CD45mid glial cells but higher in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. In TIM-3 mutant mice with intracellular signaling defects and Cre-inducible TIM-3 mice, TIM-3 affected the expression of several immune-associated molecules including iNOS and PD-L1 in primary glia-exposed conditioned media (CM) from brain tumors. Further, TIM-3 was cross-regulated by TLR2, but not by TLR4, in brain tumor CM- or Pam3CSK4-exposed glia. In addition, following exposure to tumor CM, IFNγ production was lower in T cells cocultured with TIM-3–defective glia than with normal glia. Collectively, these findings suggest that glial TIM-3 actively and distinctively responds to brain tumor, and plays specific intracellular and intercellular immunoregulatory roles that might be different from TIM-3 on T cells in the brain tumor microenvironment.

Significance:

TIM-3 is typically thought of as a T-cell checkpoint receptor. This study demonstrates a role for TIM-3 in mediating myeloid cell responses in glioblastoma.
First Record on Sex Chromosomes in a Species of the Family Cynodontidae: Cynodon gibbus (Agassiz, 1829)
Authors: Pinheiro Figliuolo Vanessa S. , Goll Leonardo , Ferreira Viana Patrik , Feldberg Eliana , Gross Maria C.
Published: February 2020

The fish family Cynodontidae belongs to the superfamily Curimatoidea, together with the Hemiodontidae, Serrasalmidae, Parodontidae, Prochilodontidae, Chilodontidae, Curimatidae, and Anostomidae. The majority of the species of this superfamily that have been analyzed to date have a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 54. Differentiated sex chromosomes (with female heterogamety) have been observed only in the Prochilodontidae, Parodontidae, and Anostomidae. The present study provides the first description of differentiated sex chromosomes in the cynodontid species Cynodon gibbus, which has a ZZ/ZW system, and shows that repetitive DNA has played a fundamental role in the differentiation of these sex chromosomes.
Testing Distinct Three-Dimensional Effects in Laparoscopy: A Prospective Randomized Trial Using the Lübecker Toolbox Curriculum
Authors: Thomaschewski Michael , Jürgens Thorsten , Benecke Claudia , Griesmann Anna-Catherina , Esnaashari Hamed , Lux Romy , Scheppan Diana , Simon Ronja , Keck Tobias , Laubert Tilman
Published: February 2020

Background: The use of stereoscopic laparoscopic systems in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) allows a three-dimensional (3D) view of the surgical field, which improves hand-eye coordination. Depending on the stereo base used in the construction of the endoscopes, 3D systems may differ regarding the 3D effect. Our aim was to investigate the influence of different stereo bases on the 3D effect. Methods: This was a prospective randomized study involving 42 MIS-inexperienced study participants. We evaluated two laparoscopic 3D systems with stereo bases of 2.5 mm (system A) and 3.8 mm (system B) for differences in learning MIS skills using the Lübeck Toolbox (LTB) video box trainer. We evaluated participants’ performance regarding the times and repetitions required to reach each exercise’s goal. After completing the final exercise (“suturing”), participants performed the exercise again using a two-dimensional (2D) representation. Additionally, we retrospectively compared our study results with a preliminary study from participants completing the LTB curriculum with a 2D system. Results: The median number of repetitions until reaching the goals for LTB exercises 1, 2, 3, and 6 for system A were: 18 (range 7–53), 24 (range 8–46), 24 (range 13–51), and 21 (range 10–46), respectively, and for system B were: 12 (range 2–30), 16 (range 6–43), 17 (range 4–47), and 15 (range 6–29), respectively (p = not significant). Changing from a 3D to a 2D representation after completing the learning curve led to a longer average time required, from 95.22 to 119.3 s (p < 0.0001), for the last exercise (exercise 6; “suturing”). When comparing the results retrospectively with the learning curves acquired with the 2D system, there was a significant reduction in the number of repetitions required to reach the LTB exercise goals for exercises 1, 3, and 6 using the 3D system. Conclusion: Stereo bases of 2.5 and 3.8 mm provide acceptable bases for designing 3D systems. Additionally, our results indicated that MIS basic skills can be learned quicker using a 3D system versus a 2D system, and that when the 3D effect is eliminated, the corresponding compensatory mechanisms must be relearned.
Linguagem e política
Authors: Ribeiro Lucas Mello Carvalho
Published: February 2020

A partir da leitura do Ensaio sobre a origem das línguas e do fragmento intitulado Pronúncia, pode-se dizer que, sob a ótica rousseauniana, o progressivo aperfeiçoamento da escrita e sua consequente proeminência sobre a voz plena são, talvez, os efeitos mais destacados do processo de degradação histórica das línguas. Mas a escrita só se constitui como um mal linguístico na medida em que ela reflete uma corrupção da esfera política. Com efeito, ao substituir a potência expressiva da voz acentuada por clareza e exatidão, a escrita modifica o próprio caráter da língua, deixando-a menos sonora e eloquente. Assim, a escrita retira da língua seu gênio retórico, sua capacidade de comover um auditório e levá-lo à ação, o que só pode se dar numa conjuntura política em que a força se impõe sobre a persuasão no tocante à condução dos negócios públicos. Ou seja, num cenário em que os súditos perderam sua liberdade, em que a participação política lhes é negada. O objetivo de nosso trabalho será não apenas reconstruir o percurso argumentativo que leva Rousseau a essas conclusões, mas também mostrar como as linhas mestras dessa argumentação já se encontram dispostas nas Remarques sur la Grammaire Générale et Raisonnée (1754), de Charles Pinot-Duclos – uma das principais fontes do Ensaio, sobretudo no que concerne à questão da escrita e às relações entre linguagem e política. Dentre outros pontos, caberá demonstrar a influência do escritor e historiador francês sobre Rousseau relativamente à associação entre primazia da escrita e perda da liberdade política e à contraposição entre a linguagem dos antigos – forte, prosódica e, por isso, adequada à vida cívica – e as modernas línguas europeias – monótonas, surdas, próprias senão para conversas privadas.
Violência na infância, exposição a violência parental e abuso e/ou dependência de álcool na idade adulta
Authors: Zanoti-Jeronymo Daniela Viganó , Zaleski Marcos José Barreto , Pinsky Ilana , Caetano Raul , Figlie Neliana Buzi , Laranjeira Ronaldo Ramos
Published: February 2020

Este artigo examina a associação entre o histórico de violência na infância e a dependência e uso nocivo de álcool na idade adulta. Uma amostra probabilística multiestagio foi usada para selecionar 3.007 indivíduos de 14 anos de idade ou mais, dos lares brasileiros, entre novembro de 2005 e abril de 2006. As análises mostraram a existência de associação entre o histórico de abuso físico e exposição à violência parental (p<0,001). O modelo de regressão multinomial mostrou uma associação entre o histórico de violência na infância e a dependência de álcool na idade adulta. As variáveis de maior impacto na chance para dependência do álcool foram sexo masculino, exposição à violência parental e histórico de abuso físico. Desta forma, observou-se que quanto maior o grau de exposição, maior a porcentagem de violência severa sofrida na infância. Os resultados corroboram com prévios achados que sugerem que um histórico positivo de violência na infância é um componente importante na etiologia dos transtornos decorrentes do consumo de álcool.
Adesão ao tratamento
Authors: Gonçalves Jurema Ribeiro Luiz , Canassa Lívia Wazir , Cruz Lilian Cristina da , Pereira Andrea Ruzzi , Santos Daniela Mendes dos , Gonçalves Amanda Ribeiro
Published: February 2020

OBJETIVO: descrever a percepção de adolescentes sobre a adesão ao tratamento da dependência química.MÉTODO: estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram onze adolescentes atendidos no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPS ad), no interior de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, utilizando um instrumento semiestruturado, e após analisados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo.RESULTADOS: constatou-se que os vínculos estabelecidos, as atividades desenvolvidas e o apoio familiar facilitam a adesão ao tratamento, e a ordem judicial auxilia a frequência no serviço.CONCLUSÃO: conclui-se que a identificação e a compreensão dos fatores que interferem no processo de adesão ao tratamento possibilitam a elaboração de programas e abordagens terapêuticas adequadas e eficazes, pautadas nas necessidades dos adolescentes.
A pedra é o meu remédio
Authors: Bica Suélen Cardoso Leite , Oliveira Michele Mandagará de , Cruz Vania Dias
Published: February 2020

OBJETIVO: conhecer a percepção de usuários de crack sobre a sua saúde.MÉTODO: realizou­‑se uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, com 14 pessoas que faziam uso de crack cadastradas na Estratégia de Redução de Danos da cidade de Pelotas/RS, em janeiro de 2012.RESULTADOS: os participantes deste estudo possuem uma boa percepção de sua saúde, referindo o uso da droga como uma forma de aliviar as dores e sofrimentos do cotidiano.CONCLUSÃO: esses resultados enfatizam a subjetividade das questões relacionadas à saúde e da necessidade de uma rede articulada de serviços de saúde que respeitem os usuários enquanto cidadãos e trabalhem estratégias de autocuidado de acordo com suas necessidades de saúde.
O desenvolvimento da teoria quântica no contexto da cultura de Weimar e o debate em torno das “teses de Forman”
Authors: Queiroz Francisco Assis , Ferreira Francisco Rômulo Monte
Published: February 2020

A análise do desenvolvimento da teoria quântica na Alemanha a partir do final da Primeira Guerra Mundial é a tarefa empreendida por Paul Forman em A Cultura de Weimar, a Causalidade e a Teoria Quântica, 1918-1927. A partir da apresentação das ideias básicas de Forman, procura-se apreciar e analisar no presente ensaio sua repercussão e desdobramentos críticos em torno de suas teses.
Comprehensive Diagnostic Evaluation of Cardiovascular Physiology in Patients With Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Authors: Tang W. H. Wilson , Wilcox Jennifer D. , Jacob Miriam S. , Rosenzweig Erika B. , Borlaug Barry A. , Frantz Robert P. , Hassoun Paul M. , Hemnes Anna R. , Hill Nicholas S. , Horn Evelyn M. , Singh Harsimran S. , Systrom David M. , Tedford Ryan J. , Vanderpool Rebecca R. , Waxman Aaron B. , Xiao Lei , Leopold Jane A. , Rischard Franz P. ,   the PVDOMICS Study Group
Published: February 2020

Background:

Invasive hemodynamic evaluation through right heart catheterization plays an essential role in the diagnosis, categorization, and risk stratification of patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Methods:

Subjects enrolled in the PVDOMICS (Redefining Pulmonary Hypertension through Pulmonary Vascular Disease Phenomics) program undergo an extensive invasive hemodynamic evaluation that includes repeated measurements at rest and during several provocative physiological challenges. It is a National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute initiative to reclassify pulmonary hypertension groups based on clustered phenotypic and phenomic characteristics. At a subset of centers, participants also undergo an invasive cardiopulmonary exercise test to assess changes in hemodynamics and gas exchange during exercise.

Conclusions:

When coupled with other physiological testing and blood -omic analyses involved in the PVDOMICS study, the comprehensive right heart catheterization protocol described here holds promise to clarify the diagnosis and clustering of pulmonary hypertension patients into cohorts beyond the traditional 5 World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension groups. This article will describe the methods applied for invasive hemodynamic characterization in the PVDOMICS program.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02980887.
Economic History and the Historians
Authors: McCants Anne E. C.
Published: February 2020

An economics that refuses to engage with the lessons of history or to engage in a dialogue about justice, values, and ethics risks either wishing itself back to a past that never existed, losing sight of the multiplicity of human interactions across interconnected spheres of life, or sacrificing genuine results to clever but inert methods and models. An economics that is sensitive to the complexity of the past, conducive to beneficial social conditions in the present, or even just an economic history with a viable future will depend fundamentally on the commitment to hold two disciplinary inclinations in fruitful and balanced tension. Economists and historians should continue to talk to each other regularly, with open minds, as many already do, and as the fifty-year existence of the JIH attests.
A new squat lobster species of the genus Munida Leach, 1820 (Crustacea: Anomura: Galatheoidea: Munididae) from hydrothermal vents on the Eastern Pacific Rise
Authors: LIU XINMING , LI XINZHENG , LIN RONGCHENG
Published: February 2020

A new species of the genus Munida Leach, 1820, is described and illustrated based on a single specimen from the deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the Eastern Pacific Rise. Munida alba sp. nov. closely resembles M. ampliantennulata Komai, 2011, M. watatsumin Komai, 2014. and M. magniantennulata, but differences in the morphologies of the third maxilliped, pollex of the cheliped and the third segment of the antennal peduncle readily distinguish the new species from the three relatives. The new species is the fourth of the genus occurring at the hydrothermal vent areas.
Analysis of Congestion Control for Multipath Transmission Control Protocol: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Joarder Arindam , Srinivas L. N. B. , Venkatesh K.
Published: February 2020

Multipath Transmission Control Protocol has turned into an intriguing matter in today’s protocol stack. With the development of rising technologies, it is the most noteworthy expansion of Transmission Control Protocol. A cell phone normally supports both a 2G/3G/4G connectivity
and a wireless connectivity. Limitation of Transmission Control Protocol particularly in a mobile environment is that it does not handle mobility very well. Multipath Transmission Control Protocol resolves the shortcomings of Transmission Control Protocol. It allows multihoming simultaneously.
Here multiple network links act as a single link and a single stream of data is divided into subflows across multiple networking paths. This has clear advantages for reliability and it can prompt more productive utilization of networking resources. But Multipath Transmission Control Protocol
is far away from being a flawless protocol. The significant issues are the congestion control and the reordering of the packet at the destination. Congestion control and packet reordering in this protocol have been very complex so far but if it’s not considered, it can radically influence
the throughput for the protocol. Therefore, in this work, we will find various problems for congestion control and packet reordering techniques in Multipath Transmission Control Protocol and also, we will discuss possible solutions for these problems.
Route-on-Fly Network-on-Chip Router Design with Soft-Error Tolerance
Authors: Sandeep Darshanala , Vinodhini M. , Murty N. S.
Published: February 2020

Decrease in size of IP cores, the Network-On-Chip (NOC), which is used to interconnect them, becomes more complex. NOC employ Network Interface (NI), routers and links. Chip process technology is shrinking day by day resulting in design complexities. This rises the chances of NOC becoming
faulty and corrupting the packets transmitted through it. Further NOC has great influence on the complete system performance. Despite the fact that the NOC outperforms the traditional bus based interconnects, NOC faces problems with the usage of router pipeline stages. Generic pipelined router
consists of Routing Computation (RC) stage, Virtual channel Allocator (VA) stage, Switch Allocator (SA) stage and CrossBar (CB) stage. These routers are more liable to hard faults and soft-errors. Hence, incorporation of an error tolerant technique to the pipeline stages is required. However,
these results in area, power and delay overhead. In this paper, we proposes Route-On-Fly NOC router architecture with Soft-error tolerance (ROFNS), an optimized pipeline router with tolerance to soft errors. In addition, optimized VA stage to achieve overall reduction in area and delay penalty
is also proposed. Implementation results show that there is 70%, 3% and 16% reduction in area, power and delay respectively when compared to Soft-error Tolerant NOC Router (STNR).
An Approach to Find Synonym and Bigram to Improve Query Recommendation Efficiency of Exploratory Search Using Search Goal Shift Graphs
Authors: Badgujar Chetana , Jethani Vimla , Ghorpade Tushar
Published: February 2020

Exploratory search aids in the production of desired results which improve browsing abilities of user in current era. To improve search engine performance, this method inspects search goal shift to obtain pertinent knowledge about query entered by the user. The existing system fails
to provide bigram relationship and ignores synonyms of the submitted query. Also there is un-certainty of spam links which may be included in the final result. To overcome these lacunas, the proposed framework will conduct an exploratory search to recommend query by making use of bi-gram approach
which will also remove the spam links with the help of trust rank algorithm and finds all possible synonyms of the submitted query in order to obtain a proper result. This phenomenon helps to produce better user recommendations.
Hydration and microstructure of concrete containing high volume lithium slag
Authors: He Zhihai , Chang Jingyu , Du Shigui , Liang Chaofeng , Liu Baoju
Published: February 2020

Due to requirements for environmental protection, saving of resources and sustainable construction in the future, investigation on the use of high volume mineral admixtures as supplementary cementitious materials in concrete was carried out in this study. The effect of high volume lithium
slag (LS) to partially replace cement by weight on compressive strengths of concrete was experimentally investigated, and the hydration of hardened paste was measured by non-evaporable water. Moreover, the microstructure of concrete was determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning
electron microscope methods. Results showed that the use of high volume LS reduced compressive strengths of concrete at early ages, and compressive strengths were remarkably improved at later ages, with concrete containing 40% LS being close to that of the control concrete. Hydration of hardened
paste showed similar variation trends with compressive strengths. The highvolume LS degraded concrete microstructure at early ages, and 40% LS improved concrete microstructure at the later ages, due to the filling effect and pozzolanic reaction of LS. However, there still existed defects in
microstructure of concrete containing 60% LS, with increased harmful porosity, especially interfacial transition zone.
Estimating Rain Microphysical Characteristics Using S-Band Dual-Polarization Radar in South Korea
Authors: Kim Hae-Lim , Jung Sung-Hwa , Jang Kun-Il
Published: February 2020

Raindrop size distribution (DSD) observed using a disdrometer can be represented by a constrained-gamma (C-G) DSD model based on the empirical relationship between shape (µ) and slope (Λ). The C-G DSD model can be used to retrieve DSDs and rain microphysical parameters from dual-polarization radar measurements of reflectivity (ZH) and differential reflectivity (ZDR). This study presents a newµ–Λ relationship to characterize rain microphysics in South Korea using a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) and Yong-in S-band dual-polarization radar. To minimize sampling errors from the 2DVD and radar measurements, measured size distributions are truncated by particle size and velocity-based filtering and compared with rain gauge measurement. The calibration biases of radarZHandZDRwere calculated using the self-consistency constraint and vertical pointing measurements. The derivedµ–Λ relationship was verified using the mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) and standard deviation of the size distribution (σm), calculated from the 2DVD, for comparison with existingµ–Λ relationships for Florida and Oklahoma. TheDm–σmrelationship derived from the 2DVD corresponded well with theµ–Λ relationship. Theµ–Λ relationship derived for the Korean Peninsula was similar to Florida, and both generally had largerµvalues than Oklahoma for the same Λ. The derivedµ–Λ relationship was applied to retrieve DSD parameters from polarimetric radar data, and the retrieved DSDs and derived physical parameters were evaluated and compared with the 2DVD measurements. The polarization radar-based C-G DSD model characterized rain microphysics more accurately than the exponential DSD model. The C-G DSD model based on the newly derivedµ–Λ relationship performed the best at retrieving rain microphysical parameters.
Making Single-Payer Reform Work for Behavioral Health Care: Lessons From Canada and the United States
Authors: Rochefort David A.
Published: February 2020

The claim is often made that the adoption of single-payer health care in the United States would result in dramatic improvement of services for people with mental health and substance use disorders. Evidence from this sector in countries with such frameworks is mixed, however, presenting both positive and negative lessons for an American audience. Focusing on Canada as an example, this article sheds light on this topic by drawing on sources in the professional and academic literature, government reports, news stories and features, and research on-site by the author. A concluding section highlights key policy issues that American single-payer advocates will need to address for meaningful reform of the behavioral health care sector.
The variation in low speed impact strength on glass fiber/Kevlar composite hybrids
Authors: Santos Jayna Kátia Dionísio dos , Dantas da Cunha Rayane , de Amorim Junior Wanderley Ferreira , Felipe Renata Carla Tavares dos Santos , Braga Neto José Lira , Freire Júnior Raimundo Carlos Silverio
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of hybridization on impact and residual strength in composites as well as the types of damage caused by the impacts, quantifying the delaminated area of the test specimens. Two 11-layer composite laminates were developed, one with bidirectional glass fiber woven and the other a hybrid with three layers of bidirectional aramid fiber substituting the outer layers and the middle layer of the glass fiber. The materials revealed that the hybrid laminate obtained greater impact strength withstanding one impact of 76 J, albeit with an increase in the damaged area of between 64 and 85 cm2, resulting in a decline in mechanical properties along nearly the entire test specimen. This contrasts with what occurred in the glass fiber laminates, which recovered over 80% of their mechanical properties for a distance of 35 mm from the edge of the impactor. Moreover, it demonstrated that the variation in residual strength can be represented by an equation and that there is a relation between the damage area and the residual properties of the glass fiber material.
From Beyond the Pale to the Pale Riders: The Emerging Association of Bacteria with Oral Cancer
Authors: Fitzsimonds Z.R. , Rodriguez-Hernandez C.J. , Bagaitkar J. , Lamont R.J.
Published: February 2020

Oral cancer, predominantly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is the eighth-most common cancer worldwide, with a 5-y survival rate <50%. There are numerous risk factors for oral cancer, among which periodontal disease is gaining increasing recognition. The creation of a sustained dysbiotic proinflammatory environment by periodontal bacteria may serve to functionally link periodontal disease and oral cancer. Moreover, traditional periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Treponema denticola, are among the species most frequently identified as being enriched in OSCC, and they possess a number of oncogenic properties. These organisms share the ability to attach and invade oral epithelial cells, and from there each undergoes its own unique molecular dialogue with the host epithelium, which ultimately converges on acquired phenotypes associated with cancer, including inhibition of apoptosis, increased proliferation, and activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition leading to increased migration of epithelial cells. Additionally, emerging properties of structured bacterial communities may increase oncogenic potential, and consortia of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum are synergistically pathogenic within in vivo oral cancer models. Interestingly, however, some species of oral streptococci can antagonize the phenotypes induced by P. gingivalis, indicating functionally specialized roles for bacteria in oncogenic communities. Transcriptomic data support the concept that functional, rather than compositional, properties of oral bacterial communities have more relevance to cancer development. Collectively, the evidence is consistent with a modified polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis model for bacterial involvement in OSCC, with driver mutations generating a conducive microenvironment on the epithelial boundary, which becomes further dysbiotic by the synergistic action of bacterial communities.
Development and Function of γδT Cells in the Oral Mucosa
Authors: Hovav A.H. , Wilharm A. , Barel O. , Prinz I.
Published: February 2020

To successfully withstand a wide variety of microbial and mechanical challenges, the immune system of the oral mucosa is composed of tissue-resident and specially recruited leukocytes. These leukocytes facilitate the establishment and maintenance of local homeostasis but are also capable to cause oral pathologies when are unrestrained. γδT cells represent an important tissue-resident innate T-cell population in various mucosal and nonmucosal barrier tissues, in which they are ideally located to assist in immunosurveillance, tissue repair, and homeostasis. Whereas most works studying γδT cells were focused on tissues such as the skin and intestine, these cells in the oral mucosa were only recently thoroughly studied. The findings obtained by those studies appear to be both complementary and contradicting, likely reflecting differences in the experimental settings and the type of transgenic mouse modalities employed by each study. Nevertheless, oral γδT cells were shown to consist of developmentally distinct tissue-resident Vγ6 cells and circulating Vγ1 and Vγ4 subsets that are independently maintained in the oral mucosa. In the gingiva, a particularly challenging barrier tissue due to its proximity to the dental plaque, γδT cells are strategically positioned close to the plaque and represent the major source of IL-17. While this suggests that γδT cells might be involved in controlling the dental biofilm, conflicting data were reported in this regard. In vivo studies have shown that γδT cells either play a protective role during age-associated bone loss or, alternatively, have no impact in this process. Also, recent reports suggested opposing data concerning the impact of γδT cells in experimental periodontitis based on the ligature model. This review summarizes and discusses the most up-to-date literature on oral γδT cells, providing a balanced perspective regarding our current understanding on the development of oral γδT cells and their role under physiologic conditions and certain oral pathologies.
The practice of licensure, the licensure of practice
Authors: Phelps Geoffrey , Sykes Gary
Published: February 2020

Licensure tests play a critical role in any profession. Well-designed tests both delineate the core competencies that are required to enter a profession and provide evidence that candidates can safely practice in the profession. They also identify the professional knowledge and skill that differentiates any educated individual from the well-prepared professional. Geoffrey Phelps and Gary Sykes use a series of assessment tasks to illustrate how teacher licensure testing can be designed to focus more directly on assessing aspiring educators’ performance of the professional competencies that make up the day-to-day and moment-to-moment work of teaching.