bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development and acceptability of a smoked processed cheese
Authors: McIlveen Heather , Vallely Claire
Published: July 2002

Given factors such as increasing competition, price and quota influences and changing consumer trends, many dairy companies have tried to move away from an overdependence on the production of staple dairy products, towards diversification into newer and broader product ranges. Outlines work carried out in conjunction with a UK manufacturer to develop a good quality smoked processed cheese. However, also illustrates the benefits of a logical and systematic approach to the development process, making best use of available techniques, including chemical and sensory analysis. Such an approach is not particularly innovative, nor need it be very expensive, but it can be extremely effective. Work involved modifying recipe and process parameters, followed by consideration of suitable smoking methods. Options were tested by an in‐house trained sensory panel, as well as by a consumer panel and a final product was obtained, incorporating Cheddar cheese and a liquid smoke flavour.
Nutritional analysis of mid‐day meals provided for 5‐11 year‐old schoolchildren
Authors: Mock Janet , Adams Alan , Snowdon Louise , Griffiths Helen
Published: July 2002

Reports on studies, which were carried out in two urban schools in the UK, of the nutritional composition of mid‐day meals taken by primary schoolchildren. Describes how the nutritional analyses indicated that all of the meals provided an excess of the energy from components such as fat and sugar, whereas some of the meal choices provided a less than adequate supply of minerals and vitamins such as iron, calcium and folate. The meals included hot meat and non‐meat dishes and sandwiches. Makes comparisons with standards provided by the Caroline Walker Trust.
Household food insecurity in sub‐Saharan Africa: lessons from Kenya
Authors: Nyariki Dickson M. , Wiggins Steve
Published: July 2002

Despite the widely acknowledged prognosis that the danger of unrelenting hunger and famine looms large in sub‐Saharan Africa and that there is a constant need for donors to provide much required food relief, there is a paucity of literature based on comprehensive empirical work at the household or individual level. Based on data collected across two years and two locations in rural Kenya, attempts to develop further the literature on household food security. Food balances are computed and various approaches to food poverty analysis are employed by setting a very low poverty line to determine the proportion of households whose members would require external food support. Results show that per capita food production is low and varies with rainfall, and food poverty and inequality in distribution are high. A great deal could be done, therefore, in the sphere of livelihood opportunities to enhance household purchasing power and hence effective demand and food distribution.
Health and the demand for food in Scotland: economic and demographic effects
Authors: Mainland David D.
Published: July 2002

Scotland has one of the worst records in the western world for Coronary Heart Disease. The problem is to a large extent diet‐related. The Scottish Office has, therefore, set out a diet plan for Scotland. Its recommendations to the public are in terms of individual foodstuffs. This study using national household survey data and demand modelling based on the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) analyses the economic and demographic factors influencing Scotland’s diet. The analysis shows that Scots are slowly moving from a diet rich in fat and cholesterol to a more healthy diet containing more white meat and fruit and vegetables. Part of the problem is income‐related with the wealthiest segment of the population having the best diet. Age is also a factor with the older people consuming a diet more suitable to the period of heavy industrial labour in which they were brought up.
Acceptability and nutritional composition of flavoured vegetables
Authors: Wrieden Wendy L. , Bürger Ingrid
Published: July 2002

A range of flavoured vegetables has been produced by a food retailer with a view to helping children increase their vegetable consumption. The flavouring ingredients used in these vegetable products (chocolate flavoured carrots, cheese and onion flavoured cauliflower, baked bean flavoured peas and pizza flavoured sweetcorn) inherently alter the overall nutrient profile. Products contain considerably more non‐milk extrinsic sugars and salt than their plain counterparts as well as added flavours and artificial sweetener. The flavoured vegetables and their plain counterparts were scored for appearance, flavour, texture, and odour by 33 pupils aged 12‐13 years. Chocolate flavoured carrots, baked bean flavoured peas and pizza flavoured sweetcorn scored significantly lower on appearance (and flavour for pizza flavoured sweetcorn) than their plain counterparts. A preference for the odour of the cheese and onion flavoured cauliflower compared to the plain cauliflower was seen but there were no significant differences in any other attribute. Thus for this age group we may conclude that this range of flavoured vegetables is unlikely to be any more acceptable than plain boiled vegetables.
E‐learning: research and applications
Authors: Gunasekaran A. , McNeil Ronald D. , Shaul Dennis
Published: July 2002

Emerging digital technologies and increasing interest in the computerized delivery of higher education have led to e‐learning through electronic mail, the Internet, the World Wide Web (WWW), and multimedia. Issues such as the confidence with which college faculty integrate technology in their teaching, plagiarism and communication remain as important unresolved questions. Considering these, the marketplace of learners is not responding to e‐learning as anticipated. Understanding the importance of information systems, and of efforts to ensure that faculty use technology, as well as recognition of the marketplace, a framework has been developed for success with e‐learning. Reviews the selected definitions of e‐learning. A critical review of literature is provided with a view to developing a more practical framework for achieving success in e‐learning. Also, some reported case experiences are briefly discussed. Suggestions for future research are presented.
The productive use of strengths: a shared responsibility
Authors: Hanson Marlys , Miller Arthur F.
Published: July 2002

Suggests that the only way to get the right person in the right job at the right time is through understanding the unique make‐up of the employee and using that knowledge to satisfy the operational needs of the organization and the motivational needs of the individual. The failure of organizations to adequately recognize and address this issue presents trainers and the training organization with a key responsibility: educating their organization on the critical importance of job‐fit to the overall productivity of the organization and preparing both line managers and employees for their shared responsibilities in the productive use of employee strengths.
Cladistics as historiography: part I – introduction to cladistics
Authors: Leseure Michel J.
Published: July 2002

This paper is an introduction to cladistics, a qualitative evolutionary classification technique, as a method for historiography. An example of classification is provided, and used to present briefly the cladistic methodology. The benefits and applications of cladistics to business research are discussed. The three main benefits of cladistics are to: provide a method for historiography; combine effectively tasks of analysis and synthesis; and be an ideal support for collective modeling.
Library associations in Africa and the case for professionalism
Authors: Anaba Alemna A.
Published: July 2002

The library associations in several African countries have been
inactive for some time. In those countries where they do try to survive,
economic and social constraints are a hindrance to them. Considers the
attempts of library associations in Africa to meet the criteria for
professionalism. Discusses various barriers to professionalism and
suggests how some of these barriers can be broken down. Anticipates that
IFLA should play an important role in the development of library
associations in Africa.
Mapping the library landscape
Authors: Forster Geoffrey
Published: July 2002

Outlines the aims and history of the Association of Independent
Libraries (AIL) since its foundation in 1989. Describes the background
to the conference, “Mapping the library landscape”,
comprising the Association′s fifth annual meeting, which was held on 11
June 1994. Lists the members of the AIL.
Some eighteenth‐century English provincial book advertisements
Authors: Felsenstein Frank
Published: July 2002

Describes a research project to identify, record and analyse book
advertisements in eighteenth‐century English provincial books. Discusses
the conduct of the research and examines examples. Describes the
significance of the research for English book trade history of the
period, and illustrates it with a specific example of David Senior of
Sittingbourne, Kent.
Community libraries: an alternative to public libraries in Africa
Authors: Anaba Alemna A.
Published: July 2002

Examines the types of library service provided in Africa with
special reference to public library services, and notes that library
services left behind by the colonizers are not useful to the mass of the
people in Africa today. Suggests the provision of community information
outside the library system which will not only provide materials mainly
in local languages but also be suited to the levels of the people in the
community.
Developing academic library skills for the future
Authors: Morgan Steve
Published: July 2002

The rapid changes in higher education in the UK are prompting library and information professionals to reflect on the nature of the services they provide and on the appropriateness of their skills. Explores the kinds of skills which will be required by academic ‐ and, in particular, subject ‐ librarians in the foreseeable future. Notes that, while technological developments clearly have important implications for libraries, they should not overshadow the more people‐oriented skills which are equally essential for organizing and providing effective services. Makes practical suggestions concerning specific groups of skills including improving credibility with academic staff, giving guidance on teaching information skills, focusing on particular IT‐related skills and acquiring key management skills such as managing change, finance and strategic awareness. Finally, addresses the responsibilities of the library’s management and the individual to ensure that skills are harnessed through co‐ordination and continuity. In this way they will benefit both individual staff and the wider academic community.
The business of memes: memetic possibilities for marketing and management
Authors: Williams Russell
Published: July 2002

Introduces the business community to the new science of memes. The roots of the meme concept from Richard Dawkins’ original work in the area of biology to the social (business) world are outlined, and the value of its study (memetics) proposed. One claim from memetics is that it can help provide an understanding of the human mind. This claim is explored within the context of advertising and management theory. The conclusion from this project to operationalise the meme concept for a business audience is, however, mixed. Whilst memetics has an intuitive appeal to it, much more is still needed before mankind’s mind may be understood, “filled” and manipulated at the discretion of advertisers and management thinkers using a memetic understanding.
Virtual organisations: new lamps for old
Authors: Walters David
Published: July 2002

The literature contains an ongoing debate concerning virtual or boundaryless organisations. This article suggests that virtual/boundaryless organisations are a logical continuation of the development of industrial organisation. We can see three important recurrent management characteristics demonstrating continuity throughout the period reaching from the Industrial Revolution through to the virtual organisation. These are knowledge management, technology management and relationship management. Furthermore, there can also be seen an important issue for management concerning market competitiveness; this is the necessity of identifying and managing the interfaces between these management areas. The article reviews the development of industrial organisation and proposes a model, which offers a basis for evaluating the design of virtual organisations, and attempts to answer the question: is the virtual organisation a “new lamp”?
The strategic planning/finance interface: does sophistication really matter?
Authors: Phillips Paul A.
Published: July 2002

Improving the interface between strategic and financial planning should be an essential objective of the planning process. However, does sophistication really matter? Based on a survey of 100 hotels, the aim of this article is to explore the issue of whether a well‐developed interface between strategic planning and the finance function actually provides any added value. The added value in this study is measured by enhanced performance (efficiency, effectiveness and adaptability), which is a primary objective for any enterprise.
Constructing the image of the other: a post‐colonial critique of the adaptation of Japanese human resource management practices
Authors: Styhre Alexander
Published: July 2002

Organization theory is becoming increasingly pluralistic, not only as continuous theoretical and methodological developments, but also in terms of facilitating a more polyvocal view on organizing and administrative practices. The suggested “postmodern turn” in organization theory and HRM theory has given voice to marginal or excluded minority groups in organization. Informed by post‐colonial theory, this article presents a study of the use of a Japanese management technique,kaizen, in an alien socio‐cultural and institutional context, Sweden. In order to mediate the differences between Japanese and Swedish culture, the image of the other, the generalized view of the unfamiliar subject, is constructed in order to de‐paradoxify and eliminate ambiguities in the culture of the other and to facilitate the adaptation of Japanese human resource management practices.
Measuring brand associations for museums and galleries using repertory grid analysis
Authors: Caldwell Niall , Coshall John
Published: July 2002

This paper is a contribution to the literature on the branding of cultural institutions. In particular it focuses on visitor motivation in the field of museums and galleries. Measurement of visitor motivations and associated brand strength of cultural institutions is a relatively new concern for marketers. The need to develop further understanding of how best to market museums in the twenty‐first century motivates this research. Repertory grid analysis was used as the survey method in order to get data that were “rich” in terms of concepts, but also malleable in terms of statistical analysis. The results of an exploratory study of museum brand associations are reported, along with a discussion of the method of repertory grid analysis that was used to obtain the data. A total of 11 museums in London were targeted, with a special focus on the Tate Gallery.
Gap between production and marketing functions: a case study
Authors: Gunasekaran A. , Tirtiroglu E. , Wolstencroft V.
Published: July 2002

For any company, measuring its performance with respect to customers’ expectations is crucial in selecting suitable strategies and technologies that it will employ in producing and marketing the right product mix. This certainly holds also for the company studied here, GEC‐Marconi Aerospace (GECMAe), a manufacturer of pumping systems, pneumatic systems, electro‐mechanical actuators and sub‐systems, and fuel handling and metering equipment for ground applications and for bulk fuel distribution. The paper is based on an actual case study conducted in GECMAe, and it provides information on the “gap” between the company’s marketing and production functions. Gap analysis, proposed by Slack, is the method used to study the gap between these functions. A list of suggestions is provided to help the company in its efforts to reduce the gap, and improve its performance and overall competitiveness. The study also provides the reader with an insight into the company.
Towards the Dynamic Organization
Authors: Chaharbaghi Kazem , Nugent Edward
Published: July 2002

Analyses the impact of free market forces on organization
characteristics. The traditional thinking about organizations is first
examined. Shows that in a free market environment an organization can no
longer be looked at as a static concept. A view of organizations of the
future is put forward, the salient features of which include
opportunity‐based activities, continuous learning and constant
restructuring.
Fear, Truth and Reality in Making Presentations
Authors: Haigh Jonathan
Published: July 2002

Surveys consistently put public speaking near the top of the list of
people′s fears. Aims to show presenters ways of dealing with those fears
and becoming more effective speakers. Reflects on the nature of people′s
fears and suggests ways of looking at these more realistically, by
challenging common ways of overstating them and replacing them with a
more positive view. Such new ideas need to be taken on board in small
easily managed steps. Examines the nature of the objective of a talk
and how this must be realistically achievable and take the audience into
account. Then, by committing to that objective and focusing on
transmitting the meaning of what is being said, an interesting delivery
style will automatically follow. Finally, exhorts speakers to be
themselves, and to be assertive – neither aggressive nor apologetic.
The Quest for the Competitive Learning Organization
Authors: Miller Hosley Suzanne , Lau Agnes T.W. , Levy Ferdinand K. , Tan Doreen S.K.
Published: July 2002

In a rapidly changing and unpredictable business environment, a major
source of sustainable competitive advantage is likely to be the ability
to learn faster than competitors. Reviews the literature on strategic
change and competition and explores their relationship to organizational
learning. Develops a conceptual framework for a competitive learning
organization. The proposed model promotes learning at different
organizational levels and a learning focus which encompasses the need to
understand the dynamics of competitive forces, the satisfaction of
changing customer needs and the importance of systems thinking. In their
quest to achieve competitive learning, organizations are likely to go
through static and teaching phases.
International culture and management
Authors: Morden Tony
Published: July 2002

A fundamental implication of the work of Hofstede, Hampden‐Turner
and Trompenaars, and other contributors to the developing body of
experience and knowledge about international culture and management is
that cultural interpretation and adaptation are a prerequisite to the
comparative understanding of national and international management
practice. Such knowledge can be applied to co‐operative international
ventures; to entry into new countries and cultures; to human resource
development in those countries; and to the effective development of
skills and competences appropriate to the different market and operating
environments of those countries and cultures.
Business process re‐engineering and process management
Authors: Zairi Mohamed , Sinclair David
Published: July 2002

Business process re‐engineering (BPR) was first introduced in 1990 by
Hammer and Davenport and Short. In these articles, the authors outlined a
new approach to the management of processes which, it was claimed, was
producing radical improvements in performance. These articles were
quickly followed by a number of articles describing the benefits to be
gained from BPR.
Managerial behaviours over MIS growth stages
Authors: Lu Hsi‐Peng
Published: July 2002

To improve the likelihood of system success and user involvement,
an MIS department manager has to deal with people and lead them under
given user styles and organizational culture. For this reason, the
managerial behaviour of MIS managers plays an important role in
developing MIS. First introduces the managerial behaviours and a stage
model of MIS growth. Finally, discusses the relationships between
managerial behaviour and MIS development stages.
No such thing as … information resource management
Authors: Mutch Alistair
Published: July 2002

Argues that concepts such as information resource management have more to do with data than information. Notes that this has the impact of distracting from the central issue of how meaning is created. Argues that much more attention needs to be paid to the process of knowledge formation. Discusses the value of an alternative metaphor, that of information literacy, but this is also found to be of limited value. Concludes that in both training within organizations and in higher education far more attention needs to be paid to issues of knowledge and meaning.
A latitudinal assessment of economic development in Sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Beraho Enoch K.
Published: July 2002

Reviews the economic development of Sub‐Saharan African countries and discusses investment potential and opportunities in the region. Concludes with recommendations to investors and the governments of the countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa. In assessing development and investment potential of this region, examines and compares economic development data pertaining to the area and matches them with the debt burden these countries carry as they struggle to develop and reform their political systems. Finally, highlights exemplary achievements and problems of note.
The role of trust in customer relationships: asking the right questions
Authors: Cowles Deborah L.
Published: July 2002

Takes an in‐depth look at the meaning of trust in customer relationships by drawing from the economics and communications literatures, where researchers distinguish between concepts of trustworthiness and trusting behaviour. Develops a typology of trust based on whether a marketing entity is considered trustworthy and whether a behaviour can be considered trusting, and offers the managerial implications of ideas presented, along with six propositions for future research. The perspective presented here suggests that marketing researchers must first come to terms with the meaning of trust in customer relationships before they can begin to understand its role in more comprehensive, explanatory models of customer behaviour.
How much of brand equity is explained by trust?
Authors: Ambler Tim
Published: July 2002

Brand equity, key to the evaluation of marketing performance, exists in the hearts and minds of consumers, and other marketplace players, but is largely assessed on the basis of observed behaviours. Such measures are typically relative (to other brands) ‐ e.g. market share and relative price ‐ whereas direct measures of brand equity ‐ e.g. awareness and attitudes ‐ are conventionally expressed in absolute terms. The correlation between the two sets has been poor. Expressing brand equity in relational terms opens a new line of research which may provide better performance prediction and assessment. Trust is the most popular measure for relationship assessment and may similarly prove to be the leading indicator for brand equity. Makes some research proposals.
Legislation for the environment: does it work? ‐ an empirical study into selected UK‐based chemical manufacturing firms
Authors: Zhuang Lee , Synodinos Dimitris
Published: July 2002

In the past two decades, there has been a steady rise of global environmentalism among the public and organizations alike. A series of EU and UK environmental legislation has been developed with mixed results. According to a recent study carried out by Warwick Business School, 65 per cent of the companies contacted saw legislation as an important source of pressure for supplying green technologies, but only 30 per cent of companies were reported to have responded to this pressure. To further explore the “legislation‐behaviour” incongruity within the chemical industry, a survey of 203 chemical firms has recently been conducted, followed by a series of interviews involving senior managers of some of these firms. The results show that much of the EC legislation has not been as effective as it could have been in curbing pollution‐inducing activities. The main reasons include: lack of effective communication at EU level, lack of consultation during the development of legislation, too frequent legislation changes, absence of incentive as well as enforcement mechanism, and resource constraints.
International motivational differences
Authors: Herbig Paul , Genestre Alain
Published: July 2002

Identifies and analyses the magnitude of cultural factors determining the motivation and implication of the workforce in the corporate strategy. Establishes a general hierarchy of human needs shaping organizational cultures and individual behaviours in the work setting.
Q’ing action learning: more on minding our Ps and Qs
Authors: Smith P.A.C.
Published: July 2002

Explores the question “How can we gain a deeper understanding of the contribution of P and Q?”, together with a version in which the following proviso is added “…while maintaining the simplicity and power of action learning as originally conceived by Professor Revans”. It is concluded that programmed knowledge P has little or no place in action learning when we accept that the programme goal is confined to personal development. Further, by emphasizing problem solving and embracing P another significant complicating issue is introduced related to “learning” versus “adaption”. Identifies the expression L = P + Q itself as a confusing expression, and proposes other simple functions emphasizing the need for vigilant Q on introduction of P. Also explores the contribution of P and Q when action learning is simply the means to becoming better action oriented under conditions of turbulence and ambiguity.
Competitive strategies and business performance: evidence from the adhesives and sealants industry
Authors: Helms Marilyn M. , Dibrell Clay , Wright Peter
Published: July 2002

Synthesizes the contributions of a number of scholars on competitive strategies. Discusses several imperfections in the literature. Submits three propositions for empirical testing in a fragmented industry ‐ the adhesives and sealants industry. The results of the investigation suggest that business units which compete with the low cost strategy and differentiation strategy have higher ROIs than enterprises which compete with low costs only or differentiation only. As a group, however, the high profit firms are not significantly larger in size than the groups of low profit companies studied. Thus, what is elaborated is that competing with both strategies may involve benefits that are not based on advantages of larger market shares and scale economies.
No such thing as … scientific management
Authors: Carney D. Philip , Williams Russell
Published: July 2002

Classical (rationalistic) management science is based on an image of what constitutes scientific practice. However, the arena from which this image emanates has moved on quite considerably. As to what now constitutes science, we are drawn to the fact that the idea of an autarkic subject discipline is disappearing and being replaced by a new (cyborg) mode of thinking. Thus, for a scientific, not scientistic, management science we should consider cyborgology: management science as a cyborg science, something more than the empty rhetoric that this label at first implies.
High fidelity: getting attuned to Cuba’s new market beat
Authors: Klinghoffer Arthur Jay
Published: July 2002

Cuba’s “Special Period”, launched in 1990, was a reform program aimed at reversing the economic deterioration associated with the rapid disintegration of the Comecon trading bloc. It featured the attraction of foreign investment and tourism, privatization, currency reform, and a reorientation of trade patterns. Initially, the “Special Period” was unsuccessful as the Cuban economy further declined. Since 1994, there have been signs of improving conditions despite continued hardships. The “Special Period” has not brought about any significant political reform to accompany its economic reform.
Competence and strategic paradox
Authors: Thompson John L.
Published: July 2002

Looking at organizational decision and choices in the 1990s, it is tempting to conclude that we live in an era of focus and downsizing. The time of the conglomerate has passed. Downsizing can always be justified to improve efficiency, but only if it is really rightsizing to prepare a strong base for renewed growth. Focus, however, is a reflection of the way many organizations are choosing to deal with a series of issues they face, for which there are no black and white, right and wrong answers, and all of which interact with each other systematically. Moreover, focus is fashionable and diversity is not. This paper uses these often paradoxical issues to examine the complexity of strategy and explain why the search for winning strategic positions comprises a series of inter‐dependent choices.
A trust interpretation of business to business relationships: a case‐based discussion
Authors: Blois Keith
Published: July 2002

The concept of “trust” has attracted a great deal of attention in recent studies of inter‐organisational relations. In particular it has been suggested that the establishment and maintenance of trust is central to building business to business relationships. Using a well‐known case study the additional insights which a trust approach to the analysis of a business to business relationship offers are considered.
Interrelationships and horizontal strategy to achieve synergy and competitive advantage in the diversified firm
Authors: Ensign Prescott C.
Published: July 2002

Discusses how interrelationships can be developed for synergy. Also focuses on horizontal strategy as a way to achieve competitive advantage. Organizational context can determine a firm’s motivation and ability to develop interrelationships that result in overall competitive advantage. Corporate strategy must move beyond the idea that the primary way of creating synergy is the combination of related businesses (by buying and selling businesses). Corporate strategy must focus on creating value that is independent of business unit value. This means developing horizontal strategies that have the objective of coordinating activities and developing programs that encourage the sharing of resources and skills. An understanding of the horizontal organization helps to emphasize that organizational structure and processes are significant in developing interrelationships with the potential to reach the goals of synergy and competitive advantage.
Correlates of adjustment: a study of expatriate managers in an emerging country
Authors: Yavas Ugur , Bodur Muzaffer
Published: July 2002

To minimize adverse consequences associated with expatriation, multinational companies need to identify the factors which facilitate (or impede) expatriate managers adjustment to a new environment. In this study, on the basis of their adjustment to four diverse aspects of life and work in Turkey, a sample of 78 expatriate managers were dichotomized into high and low adjustment groups. The two groups were then compared in terms of selected company and individual‐related characteristics, previous international experience and the types of training received prior to and during the assignment. The article discusses these results and proffers strategies to facilitate expatriates adjustment to the Turkish environment.
Evaluation of information technology investment
Authors: Anandarajan Asokan , Wen H. Joseph
Published: July 2002

Traditional accounting methods used for evaluating new information technology (IT) projects such as Net present value (NPV) and Internal rate of return (IRR) have been criticized in the academic and practitioners’ literature as being grossly inadequate. This is because these methods do not quantify benefits that are considered to be intangible. Similarly, they do not incorporate many “hidden” costs associated with new IT projects. Thus, traditional methods have been stated to be only appropriate for simple “cost saving” projects and not for evaluating complicated IT investments. New methods suggested in the academic literature have been criticized as being too esoteric for practitioners. Presents the results of a case study and shows how many intangible benefits previously ignored can actually be quantified and incorporated in traditional NPV models by holding discussions with personnel of all departments affected by the new IT. Also demonstrates how many of the costs considered hidden (and thus ignored) can be quantified and incorporated in the decision‐making model. Shows how uncertainty and risks associated with anticipated project cash flows can be quantified and included by the use of probability theory and sensitivity analysis.
Creating the future: how creativity and innovation drive shareholder wealth
Authors: Kilroy Denis B.
Published: July 2002

Suggests that in many companies that have adopted value‐based management, there is a need to shift the focus of management attention from the measurement of value, to the creation of wealth. Argues that shareholder wealth creation is a creative endeavour on the part of the management and employees of a business – and that wealth will only be created for shareholders if management delivers financial performance that exceeds market expectations. This requires the successful implementation of higher value strategies developed from new ideas – not simply the adoption of value‐based measurement and incentive systems.
Factors for consulting engagement success
Authors: McLachlin Ron D.
Published: July 2002

Clients engage consultants for many reasons, not always successfully. Based on a literature review and client and consultant interviews, this paper suggests six universal factors ‐‐ stated as testable propositions ‐‐ to help explain consulting engagement success. The factors are consultant integrity ‐‐ in particular in putting the client’s interests first, client involvement and readiness to change, a clear agreement concerning requirements and expectations, client control of the engagement ‐‐ partly via clear and limited assignments, consultant competence, and a good fit along a number of dimensions ‐‐ including models of consultancy, client expectations, consultant capabilities, and consultant type. The paper also addresses the distinction between organisation development consultation and other types of management consulting and concludes that the distinction need not be so sharp.
The peer learning community: a contextual design for learning?
Authors: Tosey Paul
Published: July 2002

The term “learning community” is in common usage but appears to mask significant variation in practice. This article begins with a description of the “peer learning community” model within the MSc in Change Agent Skills and Strategies at the University of Surrey, UK. Tosey and Gregory have proposed five criteria as distinguishing this specific, designed model from more general usage of the term “learning community”. From this basis, it is argued that the effectiveness of learning programmes (such as action learning) will be greatly influenced by the framework and context within which they take place. The peer learning community is an example of a contextual design that could be applied within both business and higher education. As such it has relevance to the concept of the “learning organisation”. The presence or absence of conditions such as the five proposed may crucially impact on the effectiveness of programmes of learning. The article concludes by raising critical questions about the peer learning community model.
Changing strategic postures of overseas Chinese firms in emerging Asian markets
Authors: Li Ji , Khatri Naresh , Lam Kevin
Published: July 2002

One of the most important cultural values in Chinese societies is family‐oriented collectivism. This cultural value has had much impact on the structures and strategies of overseas Chinese firms. Influenced by this cultural value, traditional Chinese firms prefer family ownership and stress hierarchy and centralized decision making, which in turn influence the business strategies of these firms. In recent years, however, the majority of Chinese societies have been in transition, and traditional Chinese culture is also changing. These developments have brought about changes in strategies of the overseas Chinese firms. To study these changes, this paper focuses on the manufacturing industries in a major emerging market, China, and reports evidence of changes in both culture and business strategy of overseas Chinese firms. Concludes with a discussion on the implications of the findings for both researchers and practitioners.
Cholesterol: A Current Perspective
Authors: Ahmad John I.
Published: July 2002

The health problem commonly associated with consuming a diet rich in
cholesterol – what is generally termed atherosclerosis – is widespread in
the Western world and the single most prevalent cause of death. Public
awareness about cholesterol is, however, patchy owing to conflicting and
confusing information in the media. Attempts to give an understanding
about chemical composition, the mode of presence, metabolism, and other
general current information and practices about cholesterol and how it
may be controlled to maintain safe levels in the body.
Nutrition and Computing: Is Shareware a Useful Option?
Authors: Seaman Claire
Published: July 2002

Examines the advantages of “shareware” as opposed to commercial software
in the fields of dietetics and nutrition, categorizing these into: word
processing; data storage and statistical analysis; multinational
analysis; and educational. Gives useful hints to those contemplating
their use.
The Chemistry of Flour and Bread
Authors: Patient David , Ainsworth Paul
Published: July 2002

Concentrates on the type and importance of flour proteins by discussing
their structure and evaluating their function in bread making. Intends
to introduce the reader to some of the complex interactions which take
place during the preparation of bread by discussing some of the chemical
and physical changes which are involved in bread making. Examines the
composition of wheat flour and discusses an explanation of its
suitability as a bread‐making flour. Emphasizes the importance of
protein type in flour and how these proteins can be identified in flour.
Explains the development of the gluten network, essential for the
production of bread.
Undernourished students – myth or reality?
Authors: Eves Anita , Kipps Michael , Parlett Graham
Published: July 2002

Over six years, first‐year students completed weighed dietary
surveys, and their dietary intakes of a variety of nutrients were
determined. Reports on sources of energy in the diet. The data collected
were compared with recommended dietary amounts and with literature data
on dietary intakes of young adults (not students). The data collected
show energy intakes of students to be very similar to those of other
young adults of a similar age. They tended to be more likely to consume
fat at recommended levels, with females in later years consuming less
than 35 per cent energy as fat. Data for females over the six years also
suggest that total energy intakes are declining, which, if the trend
continues, could lead to problems in satisfying other nutritional
requirements. Alcohol consumption among students was similar to other
people of a similar age group, although a small number of individuals
were consuming a large proportion of their energy as alcohol.
The effects of term‐time employment on academic performance
Authors: Watts Catherine
Published: July 2002

The article reports on a study which aimed to examine to what extent students’ academic performance is affected by their part‐time, term‐time employment and to explore individual perceptions of the phenomenon using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The study was conducted during the academic year 1999/2000 and involved full‐time undergraduates from the BA in Business Studies programme at the University of Brighton. A total of 12 semi‐structured individual interviews were conducted and a quantitative dimension was included to provide a more objective picture to the student perceptions. The key findings are discussed under the following headings: issues for the students; issues for the academic staff; issues for employers; issues for the institution.
“Which room is the virtual seminar in please?”
Authors: Holley Debbie
Published: July 2002

New technologies have been seen as the way forward in education, and latched onto as a way of communicating with students at a distance. This has been matched by management expectations of generating income from non‐traditional students, or those unable to attend class. Explores some of the practical and policy “reality gaps” when implementing on‐line learning. Focuses on an evaluation of student feedback when a traditional seminar was replaced by an on‐line learning experience in a university committed to widening participation. Concludes by suggesting ways in which those engaged with curriculum development and using communication and information technology can bridge these gaps.
Analyzing alternatives for improvement in supply chain performance
Authors: Agarwal Ashish , Shankar Ravi
Published: July 2002

The performance of a supply chain is characterized by its ability to remain market‐sensitive without losing the integration through the chain. One of the difficulties in designing and analysing a supply chain is that its processes are governed by the strategic attributes of the supply chain. In order to evaluate the alternatives that provide the route of performance improvement in a supply chain, an analytic network process (ANP)‐based model is proposed. The ANP‐based evaluation model is illustrated through an example of supply chain. It provides an effective framework for analyzing the alternatives affecting supply chain performance. It also provides the decision methodology to prioritise these alternatives, so that supply chain performance can be improved.
Report from the Fifth International Conference on Productivity and
Quality Research
Authors: Heap John
Published: July 2002

Way back in February of this year, I attended ICPQR95 (see the title
of this piece to work out what the letters stand for) in Miami, USA.
(The things I do for Work Study readers!) This article is an
attempt to give you a flavour of the conference and an insight into the
kinds of research currently being undertaken in the fields of
productivity and quality.
Simulation in the office
Authors: Proctor Tony
Published: July 2002

Office administrative costs can escalate if they are not carefully controlled. Discrete event simulation is an effective tool which can be used to find more efficient ways of managing the office. Examines the application of a desktop computer simulation package to model the work of a small office’s staff. The simulation package shows how efficiency might be improved by moderating available resources and times taken to complete tasks. Expounds principles which are applicable to many different aspects of management.
Management Systems Training Council: the door is now closed
Authors: Briscoe Graham
Published: July 2002

The Management Systems Training Council was a co‐operative organization which was developed in the UK in the 1970s to support training and development activity in organization and methods and related topics. Charts the history of the Council from its origins in the 1950s until its demise in 1994, and highlights its achievements using comments from members of the Council. Also relates the work of the Council to more recent developments in quality and re‐engineering.
Designing effective performance appraisal systems
Authors: Boice Deborah F. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: July 2002

Reports that effective performance appraisal systems help to create a motivated and committed workforce. To be effective they require the support of top management to show their commitment and to translate organizational goals and objectives into personalized employee specific objectives. Explains a framework for the implementation of performance appraisal and in particular the need for appropriate training for supervisors, raters and employees, a system for the frequent review of performance, accurate record keeping, a clearly defined measurement system, and a multiple rater group to perform the appraisal.
Myths and the art of deception in information systems
Authors: Standing Craig
Published: July 2002

Examines two myths in relation to information systems development and management. Explores them from the political perspective of securing identities. Uses two recent case studies of Australian organisations to illustrate this. Argues that myths often serve to secure the identities of groups of employees. The use of the myths provides a way of exploring the political nature of IS development and management. IS departments often portray the image of being technical departments which rely on technical tools and techniques. In reality, it can be seen from the two case studies that the organisations have a number of informal approaches in the development and management of IT which in some cases can be described as being politically staged.
Understanding and adding value
Authors: Clemmet Andrew
Published: July 2002

Relationship marketing is the process of using information about customers and their preferences to build targeted promotional programmes and establish longer‐term relationships with key groups of customers. Explains the use of such devices as loyalty schemes and identifies the key components of a relationship‐marketing programme, including the importance of technology to collect and analyse customer‐related data.
The strategic use of information systems
Authors: Daniels Shirley
Published: July 2002

Organisations are now investing heavily in information systems and information technology. However, there is a general dissatisfaction with the benefits that accrue from this investment. Argues that information systems and technology can be centrally instrumental in achieving corporate goals but only where the organisation has a clearly defined corporate and competitive strategy, and understands the information needs that underpin these strategies. Demonstrates the interrelationships between strategy and information systems.
Revisiting the learning organisation
Authors: Evans Simon
Published: July 2002

The concept of the learning organisation is now established, yet there are not many organisations that claim to be learning organisations. Revisits the concept of the learning organisation to illustrate the key attributes. Suggests some of the key requirements to make the transformation into a learning organisation and highlights the benefits that can accrue.
An examination of the accuracy of slogans related to assessment centres
Authors: Lievens Filip
Published: July 2002

To diffuse new management fads or to promote existing management practices slogans are often used. In this study eight slogans regarding assessment centres were retrieved from brochures of consultancy agencies and were compared to empirical research. These slogans were that assessment centres work, are expensive, fair, have a potent influence on candidates, provide insight into candidates’ personality, and are not prone to trainability effects. Other slogans include that trained assessors speak the same language and that candidate reactions are positive. Resulting from this comparison a more fine‐grained picture of the strengths and weaknesses of assessment centres emerges. In particular, it is demonstrated that the accuracy of the slogans often depends on design factors. It is suggested that future studies combine multiple research perspectives, examine assessment centre process issues, and validate new assessment centre applications.