bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Report of RILEM TC 281-CCC: Insights into factors affecting the carbonation rate of concrete with SCMs revealed from data mining and machine learning approaches
Authors: Vollpracht Anya , Gluth Gregor J. G. , Rogiers Bart , Uwanuakwa Ikenna D. , Phung Quoc Tri , Zaccardi Yury Villagran , Thiel Charlotte , Vanoutrive Hanne , Etcheverry Juan Manuel , Gruyaert Elke , Kamali-Bernard Siham , Kanellopoulos Antonios , Zhao Zengfeng , Martins Isabel Milagre , Rathnarajan Sundar , De Belie Nele
Published: April 2024

The RILEM TC 281–CCC ‘‘Carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials’’ conducted a study on the effects of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the carbonation rate of blended cement concretes and mortars. In this context, a comprehensive database has been established, consisting of 1044 concrete and mortar mixes with their associated carbonation depth data over time. The dataset comprises mix designs with a large variety of binders with up to 94% SCMs, collected from the literature as well as unpublished testing reports. The data includes chemical composition and physical properties of the raw materials, mix-designs, compressive strengths, curing and carbonation testing conditions. Natural carbonation was recorded for several years in many cases with both indoor and outdoor results. The database has been analysed to investigate the effects of binder composition and mix design, curing and preconditioning, and relative humidity on the carbonation rate. Furthermore, the accuracy of accelerated carbonation testing as well as possible correlations between compressive strength and carbonation resistance were evaluated. The analysis revealed that the w/CaOreactive ratio is a decisive factor for carbonation resistance, while curing and exposure conditions also influence carbonation. Under natural exposure conditions, the carbonation data exhibit significant variations. Nevertheless, probabilistic inference suggests that both accelerated and natural carbonation processes follow a square-root-of-time behavior, though accelerated and natural carbonation cannot be converted into each other without corrections. Additionally, a machine learning technique was employed to assess the influence of parameters governing the carbonation progress in concretes.
Optimizing the coordination environment of Cu single-atom catalyst for efficient electroreduction of CO2 to CH3OH
Authors: Sun Guodong , Cao Yanan , Li Deqing , Ma Yingfei , Sun Mengchen
Published: April 2024

The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol driven by renewable energy sources emerges as a promising solution to address both energy crises and environmental concerns. In this study, we optimize the adjustable coordination environments of single-atom Cu catalysts to modulate the binding affinity of the key intermediate (*CO) with the Cu active site, which significantly enhances the Faradaic efficiency of CH3OH from 29% to 80%. partial current density of CH3OH over the CuN3-C catalyst is up to −331 mA cm−2 with production rate of 0.57 μmol s−1 cm−2 at −1.0 V (vs RHE), positioning its performance at the forefront of reported catalysts to date. In situ Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that the CuN3-C catalyst effectively stabilizes the *CO intermediate. Theoretical calculations further indicate that *CHOH intermediate, adsorbed at the Cu catalytic site with unsaturated coordination, which is more favorable to form *CH2OH intermediate than *CHOH2 during the subsequent hydrogenation step. This phenomenon effectively redirects the reaction pathway towards methanol formation. This work offers novel insights into structural optimization for the design of efficient CO2-to-CH3OH electrocatalysts.
Use of Esmolol to treat resistant electrical storm in a patient with decompensated heart failure
Authors: Hatoum Ibrahim
Published: April 2024

Background: Ventricular tachycardia storm is a syndrome defined by the presence of at least three episodes of ventricular tachycardia over a 24-hours period, requiring termination by intervention. Standard therapy consists initially of using intravenous betablockers (if left ventricular ejection fraction is preserved) and Amiodarone, in addition to intravenous Lidocaine (in case of ischemic etiology) and light sedation. In the present case, a ventricular tachycardia storm episode is terminated by Esmolol, a particular intravenous betablocker, depside acute heart failure.
Case presentation: We report the case of an 89 years old patient that presented for a ventricular tachycardia storm and acute heart failure with reduced left ventricle ejection fraction of coronary ischemic origin, that persisted despite coronary revascularization, oral betablocker, intravenous Amiodarone and Lidocaine, light sedation and multiple electrical cardioversion. Emergency catheter ablation was not feasible due to meteorological conditions. We decided to use an intravenous betablocker despite the presence of acute heart failure. We favored use of intravenous Esmolol over other intravenous betablockers due to its short half-life and thus his rapid elimination, a unique characteristic for Esmolol. Intravenous Esmolol have successfully terminated the ventricular tachycardia without causing cardiogenic shock.
Conclusions: Intravenous Esmolol can be used safely in patient with electrical storm in patients with acute heart failure. Close monitoring of the patient remains essential.
Surgical resection of primary germinoma of the cauda equina: case report and literature review
Authors: liu yan , guan huapeng , gong haoquan
Published: April 2024

In February 2024, our hospital admitted a patient with primary germinoma growing on the cauda equina nerve and presenting severe neurological symptoms. X-ray, CT and MRI examinations revealed abnormal masses in the dural membrane of the patient's L2-3 spinal canal and complete invasion of the spinal canal. The patient underwent L2/3 right half laminectomy, spinal canal decompression and posterior lateral bone graft fusion and internal fixation +L3/4 total laminectomy, spinal canal decompression and discectomy, intervertebral bone graft fusion and internal fixation + excision of lumbar vertebral canal space occupying lesions. The tumor was completely removed during the operation, and the symptoms of nerve compression were gradually relieved and disappeared after surgery. To further deepen the understanding of this kind of disease, the treatment ideas were summarized and the literature was reviewed.
Nitrogen ecophysiology in trees of different functional groups of the Atlantic Forest (Southeastern Brazil): insights for urban forest restoration programs
Authors: Zabotto Alessandro , Broeto Fernando , Tavares Armando Reis , Santos Patrick Luan Ferreira dos , Castroviejo Tania Cristina , Ferreira Maurício Lamano
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
The disorderly growth of cities has led to rapid transformation in urban environments, with indiscriminate land occupation causing drastic changes in city landscapes. In major cities like São Paulo, urban forests face numerous environmental stressors, including air pollution from carbon and nitrogen compounds. The vehicle fleet constitutes one of the main sources of emissions of these pollutants, accounting for approximately 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Given the extensive areas requiring restoration in cities and the promotion of forest restoration policies and actions in this decade (2021–2030), understanding patterns and processes inherent in the development of trees planted in urban forests is crucial. Thus, this study aimed to investigate intra-annual variations in N-NH4+ and N-NO3− levels, as well as photosynthetic activity of young pioneer and non-pioneer trees from the Atlantic Forest planted in a highly anthropized environment, across different seasons of the year.
Methods
Four urban forest fragments with different land uses were selected in this study. Each location has a different impact of the automotive fleet on its surroundings and a different total area. Mixed soil samples at different depths were collected and subjected to chemical analysis for heavy metals.
Results
The results indicate that ecophysiological parameters of the analyzed species varied within predictable ranges but with significant particularities. Pioneer species exhibited differences in N-NH4+ and N-NO3− utilization, as did non-pioneer species, which demonstrated greater niche breadth for some species. Regarding photosynthesis, seasonality significantly increased carbon assimilation in some taxonomic groups, while the functional group did not decisively define trends.
Conclusion
Newly planted species in highly impacted urban environments may develop different nitrogen (N) acquisition and metabolism strategies, influenced by seasonality in the deposition of nitrogenous pollutants from the atmosphere. This information should be considered in forest restoration plans in urban systems.
Experimental Study on Low Speed Lubrication Characteristics of Large Tilting Pad Bearings
Authors: Yang Peiji , quan sun , Chen Runlin , Zhao Zhiming , Yao Bing , Pang Kai , Sun Jiangong
Published: April 2024

Abstract：For large generator sets, during low-speed operation such as start-stop or low-speed driving, there may be instances where hydrodynamic lubrication can’t be established, leading to boundary lubrication between bearing and the shaft. This situation can result in bearing damage and cause safety incidents. Therefore, it is necessary to study the lubrication characteristics of bearings under low-speed operation. In this paper, the lubrication properties of the unevenly distributed six-pad tilting pad bearings in an in-service unit are analyzed through theoretical calculations. The analysis focuses on parameters such as film thickness and temperature of the bearing pads under low-speed operating conditions. A full-size test bench is set up to examine the lubrication properties of bearings made of two materials - Babbitt alloy and fluoroplastic, and the pads temperatures, film thicknesses, and vibration characteristics of the bearings are tested under actual operating conditions. The test results show that: the 6-pad small wrap angle bearings designed do not have tile burning phenomenon under low-speed working condition (40r/min), the bearing made of fluoroplastic material has lower temperatures compared to those made of Babbitt alloy, with higher pivot film thickness than that of the Babbitt alloy; The bearing pivot film thickness value using VG68 oil is larger than that of VG46, and the values of the temperature of the pad measurement point are larger than that of VG46.This research paper validates the feasibility of the bearing design scheme for this unit and provides data support for the design and safe operation of similar units.
Measuring the Robustness of the European Rail and Air Networks
Authors: Ippolito Nicola , Cats Oded
Published: April 2024

The robustness of international transport services is paramount for ensuring network connectivity under disruptions. We conduct a comparative analysis of the European rail and air networks of 124 main metropolitan areas, assessing their ability to withstand disruptions through the progressive failure of nodes and links. Various strategies for node selection, including targeted and random failures, are explored. During progressive node failures, network response is measured by considering the size of the largest connected component. Additionally, an aggregate network robustness metric is presented to compare networks and strategies responses. Our findings indicate that the air network exhibits significantly greater robustness compared to rail. Furthermore, original metrics are formulated for measuring the impact of nodes on network fragmentation, both at the individual level and as cluster members. Additionally, a new metric is introduced to assess cities' reliance on air transportation, when considering the integrated multi-layer air-rail network during disruptions in air connections. We discuss our findings in terms of the relationship between network structure, robustness, and the role of critical nodes.
Preservation of the Uterus in a Case of Late-Term Pregnancy with Placental Invasion and Omental Implantation
Authors: He Yanling , Wang Weiwei , Zhou Yubin , Wang Yuping , Sun Yongna , Zou Yanfen , Yang Xiaoming , Qu Liping , Li Lei , Qu Hongmei
Published: April 2024

We report a unique case of a 27-year-old woman with a history of cesarean section, who presented with placental invasion and omental implantation at 39 weeks + 2 days of gestation. Preoperative ultrasound did not reveal signs of placenta accreta. Despite the challenges, we successfully preserved her uterus using a combination of surgical techniques, including manual placental removal, uterine artery ligation, and repair of the uterine fundus. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and preoperative preparation in managing such complex obstetric complications.
Targeting mitochondrial metabolism by the mitotoxin bromoxib as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma
Authors: Schmitt Laura , Krings Karina S. , Wolsing Andre , Buque Xabier , Zimmermann Marcel , Flores-Romero Hector , Lenz Thomas , Lechtenberg Ilka , Peter Christoph , Stork Björn , Teusch Nicole , Proksch Peter , Stühler Kai , García-Sáez Ana J. , Reichert Andreas S. , Aspichueta Patricia , Bhatia Sanil , Wesselborg Sebastian
Published: April 2024

Targeting mitochondrial metabolism represents a promising approach for cancer treatment. Here, we investigated the mitotoxic potential of the polybrominated diphenyl ether bromoxib, a natural compound isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea family. We could show that bromoxib comprised strong cytotoxicity in different leukemia and lymphoma cell lines (such as HL60, HPBALL, Jurkat, K562, KOPTK1, MOLT4, SUPB15 and Ramos), but also in solid tumor cell lines (such as glioblastoma cell lines SJ-GBM2 and TP365MG). Bromoxib activated the mitochondrial death pathway as evidenced by the rapid translocation of Bax to mitochondria and subsequent mitochondrial release of Smac. Accordingly, bromoxib-induced apoptosis was blocked in caspase-9 deficient Jurkat cells and Jurkat cells overexpressing antiapoptotic Bcl-2. In addition, we could show that bromoxib functioned as a protonophore in similar rapid kinetics as CCCP concerning the breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), processing of the dynamin-like GTPase OPA1 and subsequent fragmentation of mitochondria. Beyond that, bromoxib strongly abrogated ATP production via glycolysis as well as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by targeting electron transport chain complexes II, III, and ATP-synthase in Ramos lymphoma cells. Thus, bromoxib's potential to act on both cytosolic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration renders it a promising agent for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma.
Prediction of Total and Regional Body Composition from 3D Body
Shape
Authors: Cipolla Roberto , Qiao Chexuan , Rolfe Emanuella De Lucia , Brage Søren , Mak Ethan , Sengupta Akash , Powell Richard , Watson Laura , Heymsfield Steven , Shepherd John , Wareham Nicholas
Published: April 2024

Accurate assessment of body composition is essential for evaluating the risk of chronic disease. Access to medical imaging methods is limited due to practical and ethical constraints. 3D body shape, which can be obtained using smartphones, correlates strongly with body composition. However, large-scale datasets containing 3D body shapes with paired anthropometric and metabolic traits are scarce. Here, we present a novel method that fits a 3D body mesh to a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) silhouette which is paired with anthropometric traits (height, waist and hip circumferences), using a large dataset from the UK population-based Fenland study (12,435 adults, age 30–65 years at baseline phase 1). We predict total and regional body composition metrics using these meshes, and monitor changes in body composition between the baseline (phase 1) and a follow-up assessment (phase 2). We also evaluate a 3D body shape smartphone app which reconstructs a 3D body mesh from phone images to predict body composition metrics, and compare the results against the reference methods DXA and air plethysmography. In the Fenland validation dataset (follow up), total and regional body composition metrics were predicted accurately, achieving r>0.86 for all metrics. Absolute mean bias expressed as percentage of the mean was less than 2% for all metrics except for visceral fat mass and subcutaneous abdominal fat mass (4%, 7% respectively). Predictions for changes achieved r>0.60 for all metrics. The predicted metrics from the smartphone generated avatars also showed strong correlations r>0.84 for all metrics. The 3D body shape approach is a valid alternative tool to medical imaging that could offer accessible health parameters for monitoring the efficacy of lifestyle intervention programs.
Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and bioactivity studies of the hydrazones derived from 2-methylsulfonyl-5-nitrobezaldehyde against the breast (MCF-7) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines, and their antioxidant potential.
Authors: Maluleka Marole M. , Mphahlele Malose J.
Published: April 2024

The hydrazones derived from 2-formyl-4-nitrophenyl methanesulfonate were characterized using a combination of spectroscopic and single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, in turn, evaluated for cytotoxicity in vitro against the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human cervical cancer (Hela) cell lines. The presence of a chlorine atom on the para position of the phenylhydrazone moiety of 3b resulted in increased cytotoxicity compared to camptothecin (IC50 = 3.71 ± 0.16 µM and 9.15 ± 0.84 µM, respectively) against the Hela and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 2.40 ± 0.13 µM and 5.64 ± 0.84 µM, respectively. The hydrazone derivatives exhibited significant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity compared to ascorbic acid and 2-formyl-4-nitrophenyl methanesulfonate. Increased interactions of the arylhydrazone moiety are predicted with the residues in the active site of tyrosine kinase and cytochrome c peroxidase.
Deterministic vs. Stochastic Methods for Frontier Estimation: Update and Illustration
Authors: Weber William , Grosskopf Shawna , Hayes Kathy , Wetzel Heike
Published: April 2024

We compare an updated version of Aigner-Chu (1968) deterministic frontierestimation to stochastic frontier estimation. This comparison is illustrated byestimation of the Lerner index of monopoly power for a public sector producer.For the deterministic method we apply the bootstrap of Simar and Wilson(1998) and the m out of n bootstrap of Simar and Wilson (2011) as suggestedby Amsler et al. (2013) to construct confidence intervals for the Lerner indexand its price and marginal cost components. Marginal cost estimates arederived from a translog cost function. Since market prices are typically notobserved for public sector producers we use duality theory and derive price1from observed costs and an estimated translog input distance function. Datafrom German public theaters’ production of performances to attract spectatorsusing inputs of artistic staff, administrative staff, and other operatingexpenditures are used as an example. We find no evidence of monopoly power.
JEL codes: D24, D42
Association between atherogenic index of plasma and new-onset stroke in individuals with different glucose metabolism status: insights from CHARLS
Authors: qu Longjie , Fang Shuang , Lan Zhen , Xu Shuai , Jiang Jialiu , Pan Yilin , Xu Yun , Zhu Xiaolei , Jin Jiali
Published: April 2024

Background Circulating atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) levels has been proposed as a novel biomarker for dyslipidemia and as a predictor of insulin resistance (IR) risk. However, the association between AIP and the incidence of new-onset stroke, particularly in individuals with varying glucose metabolism states, remains ambiguous.
Methods A total of 8727 participants aged 45 years or older without a history of stroke from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)were included in this study. The AIP was calculated using the formula log [Triglyceride (mg/dL) / High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)]. Participants were divided into four groups based on their baseline AIP levels: Q1(AIP≤0.122), Q2(0.122<AIP≤0.329), Q3(0.3290.562). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of new-onset stroke events. The Kaplan–Meier curves, Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, and Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were applied to explore the association between baseline AIP levels and the risk of developing a stroke among individuals with varying glycemic metabolic states.
Results During a median follow-up of 9 years, 734 participants (8.4%) had a first stroke event. The relative risk for stroke increased with each increasing quartile of baseline AIP levels. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis revealed a significant difference in stroke occurrence among the AIP groups in all participants, as well as in those with prediabetes mellitus (Pre-DM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (all P-values <0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, the prevalence of stroke was significantly higher in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups than in the Q1 group in all participants. The respective hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for stroke in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups were 1.34 (1.05-1.71), 1.52 (1.19-1.93), and 1.84 (1.45-2.34). Furthermore, high levels of AIP were found to be linked to an increased risk of stroke in both pre-diabetic and diabetic participants across all three Cox models. However, this association was not observed in participants with normal glucose regulation (NGR) (p>0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis also demonstrated that higher baseline AIP levels were associated with hazard ratios for stroke in all participants and those with glucose metabolism disorders.
Conclusions An increase in baseline AIP levels was significantly associated with the risk of stroke in middle-aged and elderly individuals, and exhibited distinct characteristics depending on the individual’s glucose metabolism status.
Research on the Integrated Process Method of In-Situ Measurement and Machining for the Mandrel of Aerostatic Spindle
Authors: Xu Hanwei , Dai Yifan , Sun Zizhou , Guan Chaoliang , Hu Hao , Liu Kaihua
Published: April 2024

The mandrel parts, as the essential component of the aerostatic spindle, play a pivotal role in determining the performance of both the spindle and ultra-precision machine tools. However, the stringent precision machining requirements of these parts pose significant challenges to machining technology. In this paper, an integrated process method combining in-situ measurement and machining specifically tailored for the mandrel of the aerostatic spindle is introduced. Using this method, spindle radial error, machine coaxiality error, and slide linear motion error can be accurately separated from the original measurement data, enabling the precise reconstruction of the mandrel's cylindrical shape. Based on the reconstruction results and time-controlled grinding technology, the cylindricity of the spindle's mandrel ultimately achieved 0.5 µm. The readings from a commercial roundness meter is used to validate the accuracy of in-situ measurements. Overall, this integrated process offers a novel approach for high-precision machining of mandrel parts, demonstrating that high-precision machining can be achieved even with low-precision machine tools.
Muco-ciliary flow with thermal and concentration analysis of Powell-Eyring fluid in the human airways
Authors: Ashraf H. , Ali Tariq , Shah Nehad Ali , Rehman Hamood Ur , Alshehri Mansoor , Siddiqui A. M.
Published: April 2024

The thermal and concentration analysis of muco-ciliary transport in the human airways is important from a physiological perspective. This paper proposes a mathematical model of muco-ciliary two-layered fluid flow in a finite two-dimensional channel. The two-layered model is used because the human airways epithelium cell has both the periciliary liquid layer (PCL) and the airway ciliary layer (ACL). The Powell-Eyring fluidis used as an analogy for the viscoelastic mucus found in the airways. The formulated system of nonlinearpartial differential equations (PDEs) is first simplified by making use of low Reynolds number and longwavelength assumptions. The Adomian decomposition method is then used to solve the subsequent simplified system of nonlinear PDEs. The analysis focuses on the effects of important emerging parameters of interest on velocity, temperature, and concentration of ACL and PCL through graphs. The analysis also highlights the effects of relaxation time, viscous dissipation, and the rate of thermal diffusion. The results of this investigation showed that the suggested two-layered muco-ciliary model provides a better description ofmucus transport in the airways. The pressure gradient at the airways’ entrance shows a significant impacton the passage of mucus through the airways.
Acupuncture with different acupoint combinations as adjunctive therapy for COPD: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xu Guixing , Liu Yilin , Sun Mingsheng , Li Junqi , Xiong Chan , Li Dehua , Liang Fanrong
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Acupuncture is beneficial for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the effect of different acupoint combinations to control COPD remains unknown. This study aims to compare the effects of distal-proximal point association, superior-inferior point association, and anterior-posterior point associationin COPD management.
Methods and Analysis: The study is a multi-center, single-blind, randomized, sham-acupuncture controlled trial. A total of 150 participants will be randomly divided into five groups. All participants will receive bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory therapies recommended by the guidelines as standard therapy. The non-acupuncture group will receive standard treatment only, and the sham-acupuncture group will receive acupuncture at non-acupoint plus standard therapy, while the three acupuncture groups will receive acupuncture treatments three times a week plus standard therapy. Acupuncture group I will receive distal-proximal point association (Dingchuan(EX-B3), Feishu (BL14), Pishu (BL21), Shenshu (BL24), Lieque (LU7)), acupuncture group Ⅱ will receive superior-inferior point association (Dingchuan (EX-B3), Feishu (BL14), Pishu (BL21), Shenshu (BL24), Zusanli (ST36)), and acupuncture group III will receive anterior-posterior point association (Dingchuan (EX-B3), Feishu (BL14), Pishu (BL21), Shenshu (BL24), Zhongfu (LU1)). The primary outcome is the forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) measured using the lung function test. The secondary outcome measures are the modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC), COPD assessment test (CAT), 6-minute walk distance, to name a few. Assessment will be scheduled from the day before acupuncture to week 8 of acupuncture. Follow-ups will be performed from week 8 to week 26 post-acupuncture.
Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval of this study has been granted by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ID: 2021KL-074). The outcomes of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. Results of this trial will help evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture with different acupoint combinations in the treatment of COPD.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR2100051081.
Factors Associated with Teenage Pregnancy among Refugees in Palabek Refugee Settlement, Northern Uganda.
Authors: Okiror Emmanuel Okello , Musinguzi Marvin , Opollo Marc Sam , Eustes Kigongo , Ruth Akello
Published: April 2024

Background: Globally, teenage pregnancy is a public health problem. Low- and middle-income countries in the Sub-Saharan region are more affected with teenage pregnancy. It is worse with teenage girls who have other vulnerabilities like living in refugee camps. However, there is little information about teenage pregnancy in refugee camps especially in resource limited areas like Northern Uganda.
Objective:To determine the prevalence and the factors associated with teenage pregnancy among refugees in Palabek refugee settlement, Northern Uganda.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among teenage girls in Palabek refugee settlement in Northern Uganda. The study estimated a total sample size of 316 teenage girls and they were sampled using systematic random sampling. Data was collected using researcher administered questionnaire and analyzed at univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.
Results: A total of 306 teenagers participated in the study with a response rate of 98.6%. The study reveals that the prevalence of teenage pregnancy among teenage girls in Palabek refugee settlement, Northern Uganda was 41.2%. The factors associated with teenage pregnancy among teenage girls in Palabek refugee settlement included: being in the age group between 15-19 years of age (aOR=6.31, 95%CI 1.75-22.76, p=0.005), Not being in school (aOR=5, 95%CI2.30-10.87,p<0.001), being unmarried (aOR=0.21, 95%CI 0.09-0.45, p<0.001), having the first sexual intercourse after 18 years of age (aOR=2.4, 95%CI 1.05-5.48 , p=0.037), having multiple sexual partners (aOR=3.11, 95%CI 0.13-0.74, p=0.008), alcohol use (aOR=6.67, 95%CI2.24-18.39,p=0.008), being aware of Sexual reproductive health services (aOR=0.42, 95%CI0.18-0.94, p=0.036), and being in a family that divorced (aOR=2.38, 95% CI1.17-4.86, p=0.017).
Conclusion: Study results reveal that 4 in 10 teenage girls in Palabek, Northern Uganda, are pregnant, influenced by individual, community, and health system factors. This highlights vulnerabilities in refugee camps, urging prioritization of sexual and reproductive health for adolescent girls in refugee camps.
Temperature and Rain Variability in Southwestern Mediterranean Region, 1980-2022
Authors: LEBID Sara , BOUGUENAYA Nadia , FERKA-ZAZOU Rahma , ANANI Fatima , ANANI Macho
Published: April 2024

Mean temperatures and rainfall evolution have been examined from 1980 to 2022 in Sidi Bel Abbes northwestern Algeria fifty six km far from Alboran Sea in the extreme southwestern Mediterranean Sea. Then, one came to the fact that, contrary to many other scientific results, the rainfall tends to increase even if this augmentation seemed to be slight and difficult to explicate and clarify, when on the other hand temperatures are also clearly augmenting in a really very alarming way collaborating to the global warming. Nevertheless, this trend was not regular and linear, because temperatures and rainfall evolved abruptly alternating rainy years with drier ones when temperatures are growing almost regularly year after year. However, this saw-toothed evolution of the rains remains less pronounced than that of average temperatures, which have increased significantly over these past four decades. Climate of our region seems to be a semi-arid Mediterranean Köppen and Geiger "Csa" climate with rainy cold winter and very dry and hot summer, even if winter becomes slightly more humid but summer substantially more swelter.
Development and validation of a new nomogram for OA based on machine learning
Authors: Zheng Qiongbing , Chen Jiexin , Lan Youmian , Li Meijing , Lin Ling
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease with the global number of OA patients exceeds 300 million currently, posing a significant economic burden on patients and society. Currently, there is no cure for OA, making early identification and appropriate management of individuals at risk crucial. Thus, the development of a novel OA prediction model to screen for high-risk individuals, enabling early diagnosis and intervention, holds great importance in improving patient prognosis.
Methods: Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the periods of 2011-2012, 2013-2014, and 2015-2016, the study was a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 11,366 participants. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, XGBoost algorithm, and random forest (RF) algorithm were used to identify significant indicators associated with OA, and a OA prediction nomogram was developed. The nomogram was evaluated by measuring the the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curve of training and validation sets.
Results: In this study, we identified 5 predictors from 19 variables, including age, gender, hypertension, BMI and coffee intake, and developed an OA nomogram. In both the training and validation cohorts, the OA nomogram exhibited good predictive performance (with AUCs of 0.804 and 0.814, respectively), good consistency and stability in calibration curve and high net benefit in DCA.
Conclusion: This nomogram based on 5 variables predicted the risk of OA with a high degree of accuracy, suggesting that it is a convenient tool for clinicians to identify high-risk populations of OA.
Introduction and problems of robot-assisted surgery for colorectal cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a single-institution experience
Authors: Ohta Ryo , Yokoyama Yasuyuki , Takeda Kohki , Sekiguchi Kumiko , Shimizu Takao , Minamimura Keisuke , Yamada Takeshi , Taniai Nobuhiko , Yoshida Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

In Japan, robot-assisted surgery for rectal cancer has been covered by insurance since 2018, and the number of surgical cases has increased significantly since then. COVID-19 spread across the world in 2019, adversely impacting healthcare systems. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, our hospital was relocated in September 2021, and robotic surgical support equipment was introduced in June 2022. The introduction of robot-assisted surgery must be carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the Japanese Society of Endoscopic Surgery in Japan. These guidelines are wide-ranging, and the introduction of such surgery must satisfy not only operator and facility requirements but also organ-specific requirements. Our department found it difficult to meet these various requirements from the perspective of infection control during the COVID-19 pandemic. In anticipation of future infectious disease outbreaks similar to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to establish a system that can easily and smoothly introduce robot-assisted surgery in Japan.
Effects of fertilization on the composition of bacterial populations in the rhizosphere soil of Legume-Gramineae mixtures in the Hexi Corridor region
Authors: Chen Jingru , Nan Lili , Chen Xiaoshan , Wang Kun , WU Shiwen
Published: April 2024

Background and aims
Fertilization is a critical management practice for improving soil fertility and increasing agricultural production. We still don't fully understand how biotic and abiotic variables interact with soil multifunctionality in the rhizosphere soil of legume-Gramineae mixtures following fertilization. Studies on the effects of fertilization on the bacterial composition of legume-Gramineae mixtures in particular geographical areas are scarce.
Methods
To tackle this matter, we set up five treatments: no fertilizer zone (CK, N0P0K0), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium zone (NPK, N2P2K2), nitrogen-less zone (PK, N0P2K2), phosphorus-less zone (NK, N2P0K2), and potassium-less zone (NP, N2P2K0). The soil data were measured to assess the response mechanism of legume-Gramineae mixtures to fertilization management.
Results
The fertilization treatment resulted in a beneficial impact on the rhizosphere soil nutrients, enzyme activity, and biological characteristics, reaching the maximum under N2P2K2 treatment. The analysis of the bacterial community revealed that the oligotrophic taxa decreased primarily due to fertilizer addition, including Acidobacteria, and enhancing the copiotrophic taxa, such as Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, in the soil. Furthermore, according to FAPROTAX analysis, the results indicated variations in the function of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of legumes and gramineae. Fertilization indirectly affected soil versatility by changing the diversity and composition of bacterial communities.
Conclusions
The bacterial community can be reshaped and the properties of the rhizosphere soil can be modified by different fertilization treatments, thus impacting the potential function of the bacterial community. This study has the potential to offer scientific guidance for the rational management of fertilization in legume-Gramineae mixtures.
Twin structures and substitutional dopants in ZnSe0.7Te0.3: the effect and transition during sodium ion electrochemistry
Authors: Xiong Shenglin , Zong Jingui , Liang Yazhan , Liu Fan , Zhang Mingzhe , Song Kepeng , Feng Jinkui , Xi Baojuan
Published: April 2024

Constructing various defects is considered to be a common viable means of improving electrochemical performance. However, it is of significance to thoroughly scrutinize the formation mechanism of defects and their effects and transition during the charge–discharge process. Here, twin structures are introduced into ZnSe0.7Te0.3 nanocrystals by doping of Te heteroatoms. The Te dopants are visualized to locate in the lattices of ZnSe by spherical aberration electron microscopy. The formation of twin structures is thermodynamically promoted by Te heteroatoms partially replacing Se based on the theoretical calculation results. Our findings show ZnSe0.7Te0.3 transforms into ZnSe and Te via the first cycling, which differ from the counterparts prepared by traditional methods and can effectively activate the interfacial and electronic effects due to the incomparable distribution and unmatched compatibility. It can be concluded that even though the initially constructed defects in materials of redox chemistry mechanism can’t resurrect, they play a critical role in tailoring the electrochemistry. We’re firmly convinced to pursue the exploitation of advanced and delicate electrode materials for batteries.
SUFU: A potential novel gene responsible for Lhermitte Duclos disease
Authors: Güngör Özge , Solmaz Aslı Ece , Karaca Emin , Akalın Taner , Bolat Elif , Akın Haluk
Published: April 2024

Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) is a rare dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum, typically presenting as a hamartomatous lesion in the posterior fossa. PTEN and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are involved in the pathogenesis of LDD. We present a case of a patient who incidentally was detected with LDD. A novel, pathogenic, heterozygous, de novo, splice site variant c.183-2A > G (NM_016169.4) in the SUFU gene was identified with targeted next-generation sequencing from genomic DNA. SUFU, a tumor suppressor gene, negatively regulates the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. SUFU also influences WNT and PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. While SUFU pathogenic variants are associated with various central nervous system (CNS) tumors, this is the first reported link between SUFU and LDD. The study delves into the role of SUFU in LDD development, establishing the novel SUFU variant as a potential genetic marker for the disease. Sanger sequencing and gel electrophoresis were applied to RNA isolated from blood to show that the variant disrupts splicing. DNA extracted from tumor tissue underwent NGS with the TWIST Exome 2.0 Panel. Results unveiled the de novo pathogenic SUFU (c.183-2A > G) and PTEN (c.389G > A) variants. In conclusion, this study establishes the first reported association between LDD and a germline, de novo SUFU variant, and sheds light on the crucial role of SUFU in LDD pathogenesis. It contributes to the broader understanding of genetic factors influencing this rare cerebellar disorder.
Implementing a Robotic Hepatopancreatobiliary Program for New Faculty: Safety, Feasibility and Lessons Learned
Authors: Niemann Britney , Kenney Christopher , Marsh J. Wallis , Schmidt Carl , Boone Brian A.
Published: April 2024

Background:Robotic surgery is increasingly utilized in hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery, but the learning curve is a substantial obstacle hindering implementation. Comprehensive robotic training can help to surmount this obstacle; however, despite the expansion of robotic training into residency and fellowship programs, limited data is available about how this translates into successful incorporation in faculty practice.
Methods:All operations performed during the first three years of practice of a complex general surgical oncology-trained surgical oncologist at a tertiary care academic institution were retrospectively reviewed. The surgeon underwent comprehensive robotic training during residency and fellowship.
Results: 137 HPB operations were performed during the initial three years of practice. Over 80% were performed robotically each year across a spectrum of HPB procedures with a 6% conversion rate. Median operative time, the optimal metric for operative proficiency and evaluation for a learning curve, was similar throughout the study period for each major operation and below several reported optimized operative times. Major complications were similar across the experience and comparable to published series.
Conclusion: Comprehensive robotic training in residency and fellowship as well as a dedicated, well-trained operative team allows for early attainment of optimized outcomes in a new HPB robotic practice.
Use of biomarkers in bullfrog tadpoles Aquarana catesbeiana (Shaw 1802) for ecotoxicological evaluation of Pirajibú River (São Paulo, Brazil)
Authors: Carvalho Cleoni dos Santos , Silva Fábio Henrique da , Ferraz João Victor Cassiel , de Oliveira Luciana Camargo , Utsunomiya Heidi Samantha Moraes , Duarte Iolanda Cristina Silveira , Nascimento Letícia Portugal do
Published: April 2024

This study focused on investigating the water quality in Pirajibú River, a relevant water body that flows through the industrial zone of Sorocaba (São Paulo/Brazil). Due to the limitations of assessing water quality based solely on standard physicochemical tests, an ecotoxicological approach was used to assess biomarker changes in the liver of bullfrog tadpoles (Aquarana catesbeiana). The animals were divided into groups and exposed to water samples collected upstream and downstream of the industrial zone. After 96 hours, the upstream group presented a decrease in the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and an increase in the activity of catalase (CAT). For the downstream group, while a decreased activity was observed for SOD, an increase in CAT and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities was stated. A decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels was observed in the downstream group, and increased carbonyl protein (PCO) levels in the upstream and downstream groups. Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) revealed GSH and PCO as the most responsive biomarkers, despite no differences were noted between the groups. Regardless of whether the water quality standards of Pirajibú River were following Brazilian environmental legislation, the tadpoles presented high sensitivity when exposed to the water, even for a short period.
What do they need from medical education? A cross-sectional study of rural grassroots doctors in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Yan Wenjun , Promasatayaprot Vorapoj , Gao Xiuyin , Wang Wei , Wang Qingzhi , Glangkarn Sumattana
Published: April 2024

Background
The "Rural Oriented Medical Students Education Program", which is designed to trainprimary doctors inrural areas,needs to constantly improve the education system. Therefore, this study suggestedthat in addition to job competency, the actual needs of grassroots doctors should also be considered.
Methods
Online questionnaires were sent to rural grassroots doctors in northern Jiangsu, central Jiangsu and southern Jiangsu. Information on demographic characteristics, job competence self-evaluations, residents’ standardized training situations, skills to be mastered at different stages of medical education and courses that needed to be improved or strengthened was collected.
Results
Provincially, the scores forprofessional spirit (4.19±0.834), teamwork ability (4.04±0.779) and doctor‒patient communication (4.03±0.780) were highly rated; scientific research ability (3.53±0.952), clinical ability (3.81±0.848) and information management ability (3.91±0.801) were rated low, but grassroots doctors in southern Jiangsu showed absolute advantages in most respects except for public health ability. A total of 41.5% of the respondents had received Resident Standardized Training. In terms of the needs of the rotation departments for training, rural grassroots doctors in southern Jiangsu showed interest in surgery, pediatrics, B-ultrasound, community and other departments. A total of 90.8% and 89.7% of respondents claimed that first aidand medical treatment skills needed to be mastered during the academic stage; 63.2% and 58.1% of respondents believed that additional class hours are required forfirst aid and rehabilitation skills; and 90.8% and 84.9% of respondents considered that first aidand medical treatment skills needed to be mastered during the Resident Standardization Training, respectively. Doctor–Patient Communication, Psychology, Anatomy, Pathology, Epidemiology, Health Education, Diagnostics, Internal Medicine and Surgery were key courses for rural grassroots doctors andshould be improved or strengthened.
Conclusion
This low primary service ability is caused by the disconnectbetween clinical practice and actual work needs, as well as the unsolid foundation of theoretical knowledge learning. On theone hand, attention should be givento the teaching and learning quality of key courses; on the other hand, the actual needs can be clarified through segmented regular training to better achieve standardized regular trainingfor rural grassroots doctors.
Salvianolic acid B inhibits the growth and metastasis of A549 lung cancer cells through the NDRG2/PTEN pathway by inducing oxidative stress
Authors: Yang Ye , Huang Lei , Gao Jie , Qian Bingjun
Published: April 2024

Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) has demonstrated anticancer activity against various types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of Sal B-mediated anticancer effects remains incompletely understood. This study aims to investigate the impact of Sal B on the growth and metastasis of human A549 lung cells, as well as elucidate its potential mechanisms. In this study, different concentrations of Sal B were administered to A549 cells. The effects on migration and invasion abilities were assessed using MTT, wound healing, and transwell assays. Flow cytometry analysis was employed to evaluate Sal B-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were conducted to measure the expression levels of cleaved caspase 3 (an apoptosis marker) and E-cadherin (a metastasis marker). Commercial kits were utilized for detecting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NAD+. Additionally, a xenograft model with transplanted A549 tumors was employed to assess the antitumor effect of Sal B in vivo. The expression levels of NDRG2, p-PTEN, and p-AKT were determined through western blotting. Our findings demonstrate that Sal B effectively inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion in A549 cells while inducing dose-dependent apoptosis. These apoptotic responses and inhibition of tumor cell metastasis are accompanied by alterations in intracellular ROS levels and NAD+/NADH ratio. Furthermore, our in vivo experiment reveals that Sal B significantly suppresses A549 tumor growth compared to an untreated control group while promoting increased cleavage of caspase-3. Importantly, we observe that Sal B upregulates NDRG2 expression while downregulating p-PTEN and p-AKT expressions. Collectively, our results provide compelling evidence supporting the ability of Sal B to inhibit both growth and metastasis in A549 lung cancer cells through oxidative stress modulation as well as involvement of the NDRG2/PTEN/AKT pathway.