bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Wood Smoke Exposure on Aortic Valve Mineralization: Microvesicles as Mineral Conveyors in Patients with Coronary Stenosis
Authors: Flores-García Mirthala , Linares-López Carlos , Herrera-Alarcón Valentin , Soria-Castro Elizabeth , Peña-Duque Marco Antonio , Arellano-Martínez Adolfo , Cardoso-Saldaña Guillermo , Cazarín-Santos Benny Giovanni , García-Flores Esbeidy , Angles-Cano Eduardo , de la Peña-Díaz Aurora
Published: December 2024

Background: Aortic valve calcification results from degenerative processes associated with several pathologies. These processes are influenced by age, chronic inflammation, and high concentrations of phosphate ions in the plasma, which contribute to induce mineralization in the aortic valve and deterioration of cardiovascular health. Environmental factors, such as wood smoke that emits harmful and carcinogenic pollutants, carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxide (NOx), as well as other reactive compounds may also be implicated. The purpose of this research was to study the impact of wood smoke on specific aortic valve characteristics, including lesion size and percentage of mineralization, in patients with aortic valve stenosis (AS). Methods: This observational study included 65 patients who underwent primary valve replacement surgery at the National Institute of Cardiology, 11 of whom were exposed to wood smoke. For each patient, approximately 0.5 cm of aortic valve tissue was collected along with a blood sample anticoagulated with sodium citrate. The valves were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Since extracellular microvesicles (MVs) may induce epigenetic changes in target cells by transferring their cargo, we also analyzed their mineral content. Results: Individuals exposed to wood smoke exhibit more extensive lesion (835 µm2) characteristics compared to those with no exposure (407.5 µm2). Interestingly, FESEM images of MVs showed the presence of minerals on their surface, thus providing evidence on their possible role in the pathophysiology of mineralization. Conclusions: Our study uniquely demonstrates imaging-based evidence of structural damage and mineralization in aortic valve tissue, with chronic wood smoke exposure emerging as a significant causative factor.
Comparison of Unilateral and Bilateral Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections in Unilateral Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ünal Hanzade Aybüke , Başarı Ahmet , Özgencil Bahir Kayra , Özgencil Güngör Enver , Erkoç Süheyla Karadağ
Published: December 2024

Objective: To compare the efficiency of unilateral and bilateral transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESI) in patients with unilateral lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods: In this prospective randomized single-blinded study, patients with unilateral LDH were randomly divided into two groups: A unilateral TFESI group; and a bilateral TFESI group. The severity of pain and disability were assessed with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after interventions. Treatment response was defined as ≥50% reduction in the NRS-11 at the 3-month follow-up. Changes in medication consumption at 3 months following the interventions were recorded. This study protocol is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06240793). Results: A total of 104 patients were included in the study (n = 58 in the unilateral TFESI group and n = 46 in the bilateral TFESI group). The NRS-11, ODI scores and medical treatment consumption did not differ statistically between the groups at 3 months (p ˃ 0.05). At 3 months, the rates of patients with a > 50% decrease in NRS-11 scores were 13.8% and 32.6% in the unilateral TFESI group and bilateral TFESI group, respectively. Conclusions: Unilateral and bilateral TFESI both decrease pain severity and disability scores to a similar degree, although bilateral TFESI was more effective in reducing pain severity by over 50% in patients with single-level unilateral LDH.
The Effects of Systemic Tranexamic Acid Administration on Drainage Volume, Length of Hospital Stay, and Postoperative Complications in Reduction Mammaplasty
Authors: Magni Sara , Guggenheim Leon , Fournier Geraldine , Parodi Corrado , Pagnamenta Alberto , Schmauss Daniel , Harder Yves
Published: December 2024

Background: Reduction mammaplasty is a common, elective, and safe operation, usually executed in healthy patients. Nonetheless, postoperative complications like bleeding and seroma formation can occur and significantly complicate the postoperative course. Tranexamic acid (TXA), a commonly used antifibrinolytic drug, offers a novel approach to reduce these complications. This study aims to evaluate its effect on the rate of postoperative bleeding, drainage volume, length of hospital stay, and other postoperative complications in patients undergoing reduction mammaplasty. Method: A retrospective study on all patients undergoing reduction mammaplasty at the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery EOC between 2015 and 2022 was conducted. Patients were divided into the TXA group receiving systemic TXA for 48 h and the control group not receiving any TXA. All data were analyzed using nonparametric formulas. Results: A total of 209 breasts were included in the study, with 138 cases in the control group and 71 in the TXA group. Three cases requiring revision surgery due to bleeding were observed in the control group, whereas none were observed in the TXA group. Total drainage volume was significantly reduced in the TXA group compared to the control group (TXA: 41.6 mL vs. control: 53.8 mL; p = 0.012), resulting in a significant reduction in length of hospital stay (TXA: 1.6 days vs. control: 2.2 days; p = 0.0001). Conclusions: TXA is a well-tolerated drug that significantly reduces postoperative bleeding and drainage volume, resulting in earlier drain removal and reduced length of hospital stay. TXA should, therefore, be widely used in plastic surgery, especially as trends in healthcare systems necessitate more outpatient procedures and quicker postoperative recovery.
Lobectomy vs. MRgLITT in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE): A Pilot Study Investigating Vestibulo-Spatial Functions
Authors: Dordevic Milos , Looyeh Kiana Assady , Schmitt Friedhelm C. , Müller Notger G.
Published: December 2024

Background: About 65 million people worldwide are affected by epilepsy, with temporal lobe epilepsy being the most common type resistant to drugs and often requiring surgical treatment. Although open surgical approaches, such as temporal lobectomy, have been the method of choice for decades, minimally invasive MRgLITT has demonstrated promising results. However, it remains unknown whether patients who underwent one of these two approaches would show better performance on vestibulo-spatial tasks. Methods: Twenty-seven patients were included in three different groups: (1) MRgLITT (37.0 ± 15.1 years, two females), (2) R-OP (44 ± 15.7 years, five females) and (3) No-OP (43 ± 11.2 years, three females)—with no significant differences in age, disease duration and number of medications. Groups were compared on their performance in three vestibular-dependent tests: (1) clinical balance test (CBT), (2) triangle completion test (TCT) and (3) rotational memory (RM) test. Results: Significantly better performance of MRgLITT patients, in comparison to the other two groups (R-OP and No-OP), was found for the TCT. The other tests revealed no significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Patients who underwent MRgLITT performed significantly better on the vestibular-dependent spatial orientation task (TCT) compared to those who underwent temporal lobectomy (R-OP) and non-operated patients. Speculations about reasons for such an effect—including minimal invasiveness with less “collateral damage”, influence of operated side, timing of surgery, sample heterogeneity and others—need to be assessed in detail in larger-scale, prospective longitudinal studies.
Comparison of Open Microscopic and Biportal Endoscopic Approaches in Multi-Level Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy: Radiological and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Lee Hyung Rae , Park Jae Min , Kim In-Hee , Kim Jun-Hyun , Yang Jae-Hyuk
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study compares clinical and radiological outcomes of open microscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) and biportal endoscopic spine surgery (BESS) PCF in multi-level cases. While BESS PCF is effective in single-level surgeries, its role in multi-level procedures remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 60 patients treated for cervical radiculopathy from 2016 to 2023, divided into two groups, open microscopic PCF (Group M, n = 30) and BESS PCF (Group B, n = 30). Clinical outcomes were assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for neck and arm pain and the neck disability index (NDI). Radiological parameters included cervical angle, segmental angle, range of motion (ROM), and the extent of facetectomy. Results: Both groups showed improvement in the arm pain VAS and the NDI. However, Group B exhibited significantly better neck pain on the VAS at the final follow-up (p = 0.03). Radiologically, Group B maintained lordotic cervical and segmental angles postoperatively, while Group M showed kyphotic changes (p < 0.01). Segmental ROM was larger in Group M, indicating greater instability (p < 0.01). Group B had less extensive facetectomy while achieving comparable foraminal enlargement. Operative time was longer for Group B (p < 0.001). Conclusions: BESS PCF preserves cervical stability and reduces postoperative neck pain compared to open microscopic PCF in multi-level procedures. Despite longer operative times, its benefits in minimizing instability make it a promising option for treating multi-level cervical radiculopathy. Further research with long-term follow-up is recommended.
Impact of Upper Limb Function on Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Simón-Vicente Lucía , Rivadeneyra Jéssica , Mariscal Natividad , Aguado Laura , Miguel-Pérez Irene , Saiz-Rodríguez Miriam , García-Bustillo Álvaro , Muñoz-Siscart Ignacio , Díaz-Piñeiro Dolores , Cubo Esther
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder associated with significant disability and impairment of Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). The impact of upper limb disability on quality of life (QoL) and its influence on ADLs is not well known yet. The aim of this study was to describe the manipulative dexterity, strength, and manual eye coordination of patients with manifest and premanifest-HD compared to healthy individuals and to analyze its influence on ADLs and QoL. Methods: We performed an observational, cross-sectional study including 71 ambulatory participants (27 manifest-HD patients, 15 premanifest-HD, and 29 controls). We gathered sociodemographic data, as well as clinical data, including cognition (MMSE), HD motor severity (Unified HD rating scale, UHDRS-TMS), QoL (Neuro-QoL), and ADLs (HD-ADL). Hand dexterity and strength in the dominant and non-dominant hand were assessed with the Nine Hole Peg Test, Ten Neurotest, Nut and Bolt Test, dynamometry, and Late-Life FDI. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were performed to investigate differences in hand function between manifest-HD, premanifest-HD, and controls. Results: Manifest-HD patients had significantly worse performance in manual and finger dexterity, fine-motor coordination, and poorer handgrip strength than premanifest-HD and controls. Premanifest-HD required more time to complete the test than controls. Significant correlations were found between hand variables and Late-Life FDI, Neuro-QoL, HD-ADL, and UHDRS-TMS. Conclusions: HD affects manipulative dexterity and hand function in premanifest and manifest patients. Therefore, to prevent disability and decreased QoL, evaluating the progression of upper limb dysfunction in HD is important to offer the best possible therapeutic interventions.
Large Unstained Cells (LUC): A Novel Predictor of CDK4/6 Inhibitor Outcomes in HR+ HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Ceylan Furkan , Mehdiyev Mirmehdi , Dede Didem Şener , Efil Safa Can , Tenekeci Ateş Kutay , Bilgin Burak , Yücel Şebnem , Tatlı Doğan Hayriye , Şendur Mehmet Ali Nahit , Akıncı Muhammed Bülent , Uncu Doğan , Yalçın Bülent
Published: December 2024

Background: Although CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with endocrine therapies have improved outcomes in HR+ HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, predictive biomarkers for treatment response and adverse effects remain limited. This study assessed the prognostic and predictive value of large unstained cells (LUC), a subset of white blood cells that may reflect immune status or treatment response. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 210 patients with HR+ HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors between 2021 and 2024 was conducted. Clinical data, including demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment regimens, were analyzed. Based on LUC levels, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were evaluated. Results: The cohort had a median age of 57, of which 78% were postmenopausal. Common metastatic sites included bone (67%) and liver (24%). At a median follow-up of 18.5 months, the PFS and OS rates were 65% and 83%. Patients with low LUC levels had significantly shorter PFS (OR: 1.91; p = 0.014) and OS (OR: 2.39; p = 0.012), while high LUC levels correlated with a lower incidence of grade 3 neutropenia (OR: 0.49; p = 0.017). Liver metastasis and prior treatments were also linked to shorter survival. Conclusions: LUC levels emerge as a promising biomarker for predicting survival outcomes and the risk of neutropenia in HR+ HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients treated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy, showing their potential to guide personalized treatment approaches.
Eight Weeks of Resistance Training Is Not a Sufficient Stimulus to Improve Body Composition in Post-COVID-19 Elderly Adults
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna , Płoszczyca Kamila , Jaskulski Karol , Czuba Miłosz
Published: December 2024

Background: This study sought to assess how body mass (BM) and body composition in post-COVID-19 elderly adults were affected by 8 weeks of resistance training. An additional goal was to determine the agreement between Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in elderly people. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention Group, which engaged in 8 weeks of resistance training, and a Control Group, which was advised to maintain their usual activity levels. Before and after the intervention, the body composition was analyzed via the BIA and DXA methods. Results: We found no statistically significant changes in BM or body composition following resistance training. BIA was found to overestimate the participants’ baseline BM and fat-free mass (FFM) and to underestimate the fat mass (FM), compared to the DXA method. There were no significant differences in intervention-induced changes in FM and FFM measured by BIA and DXA. Conclusions: Moderate intensity resistance training lasting 8 weeks was not found to be a sufficient stimulus to improve BM and body composition in post-COVID-19 elderly adults. We also conclude that BIA may serve as a viable alternative to DXA for measuring longitudinal changes in body composition in elderly people.
Is There a Role for Hormonal Therapy in Men with Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT)?
Authors: Çayan Selahittin , Altay Ahmet Barış , Rambhatla Amarnath , Colpi Giovanni M. , Agarwal Ashok
Published: December 2024

Hormonal factors play an essential role as an underlying causative factor of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT), and these patients can benefit from hormonal medications that modulate the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. This review aims to outline the various medications used as hormonal therapy in treating infertile men with OAT. This manuscript focuses on essential hormonal evaluation, identifying men who would benefit from treatment, selecting the appropriate medication, determining the duration of therapy, and evaluating hormonal treatment outcomes. Additionally, novel markers that can broaden the horizon of hormonal treatment in infertile men with OAT are discussed. Hormonal-based therapy options in men with OAT include selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), aromatase inhibitors (AIs), dopamine agonists, and injections such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs and gonadotropins. Treatment duration and the expected success will dictate the final treatment type for couples. In conclusion, hormonal therapy may improve spermatogenesis in infertile men with low serum testosterone. Gonadotropins and SERMs may increase sperm parameters in men with infertility and normal serum gonadotropin levels. AIs might help improve spermatogenesis in infertile men with a total testosterone (ng/mL)/estradiol (pg/mL) ratio < 0.10. In addition, dopamine agonists may play a role in enhancing spermatogenesis in infertile men with hyperprolactinemia.
Advanced Dynamic Thermal Vibration of Thick Composited FGM Cylindrical Shells with Fully Homogeneous Equation by Using TSDT and Nonlinear Varied Shear Coefficient
Authors: Hong Chih-Chiang
Published: December 2024

A numerical method using advanced nonlinear shear is used to study the thermal vibration of functionally graded material (FGM) thick circular cylindrical shells. The third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) of displacements is applied and the equations are derived of the motion of cylindrical shells and the expression of the advanced nonlinear varied shear factor. The expressions of stiffness of thick composited two-layer FGM circular cylindrical shells with sinusoidal rising temperature are applied. The partial differential equation (PDE) in dynamic equilibrium of thick FGM circular cylindrical shells is derived with respect to shear rotations and displacements under terms of thermal–mechanical loads and density inertia terms. Important parametric effects of the advanced nonlinear varied shear factor, power law index, and temperature on the stress and displacement of thick FGM circular cylindrical shells are studied. Additionally, the advanced nonlinear varied shear factor effect is included and studied for a vibrating frequency using a fully homogeneous equation.
Effects of Magnesium Content and Age Hardening Parameters on the Hardness and Ultimate Tensile Strength of SiC-Reinforced Al-Si-Mg Composites
Authors: Shetty Ashwin , Bhat Thirumaleshwara , Sharma Sathyashankara , Hegde Ananda , K Nithesh , Prabhu Ravikantha , Anne Gajanan
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effects of magnesium (Mg) content, silicon carbide (SiC) reinforcement, and aging temperature (AT) on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Brinell hardness number (BHN) of eutectic Al-Si composites using a full factorial experimental approach. The analysis reveals that increasing Mg content from 0 wt% to 1.5 wt% significantly enhances UTS, likely due to solid solution strengthening and improved particle reinforcement. Similarly, a rise in SiC content up to 4 wt% leads to a notable increase in UTS, indicating effective matrix reinforcement. AT is crucial, with the highest UTS achieved at 100 °C; however, overaging at 200 °C results in reduced strength due to precipitate coarsening. Interaction plots demonstrate a synergistic effect between Mg and SiC, where higher levels of both contribute to a more substantial increase in UTS. The results also show that while both Mg and SiC improve UTS, their effects are optimized with appropriate aging conditions, although overaging diminishes these benefits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) highlights that AT, Mg, and SiC each significantly impact UTS and BHN, with SiC having the greatest effect of 47.92% on hardness and AT having the greatest effect of 36.58% on the UTS. The interaction between SiC particles and AT is particularly influential on BHN. These findings emphasize the importance of carefully optimizing processing conditions to enhance the mechanical properties of eutectic Al-Si composites.
Multisport-Integrated Training for Rugby Instructors: Success and Effects on Minirugby Players
Authors: Rigon Marta , Signorini Gabriele , Scurati Raffaele , Trecroci Athos , Colella Dario , Formenti Damiano , Merati Giampiero , Cherubini Domenico , Invernizzi Pietro Luigi
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The educational system thinking approach (ST) takes a holistic vision of instructors/teachers and learners’ relationships, making sports pivotal for reflection on education. This study evaluated the efficacy of a multisport ST-based course on minirugby instructors’ teaching competence and children players’ motor conduct. Methods: The twenty-five rugby instructors (IAC) attended the 25 h course and the children of their teams (n = 109, Ch-IAC) participated in this study as experimental groups. Twenty-five rugby instructors who were not attending the course (I-CON) and their pupils (n = 111, Ch-CON) acted as control groups. Changes in instructors’ teaching competence (by the Instrument for Identifying the Teaching Style and the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time) and children’s motor conduct (by the Körperkoordinationtest für Kinder test, the Game Performance Assessment Instrument, the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, and the physical self-efficacy scale for children) were assessed. Results: Thanks to the education received, IAC improved in didactics and methodological competence. They learned to use more production teaching styles than CON (10.5 ± 9.3% vs. 0% of the lesson time, p < 0.05), reduce children’s inactive lesson time for management (−5.1 ± 3.3% vs. 1.1 ± 3.1%, p < 0.05) and promote more outside lesson topics (4.4 ± 3.2% vs. 0%, p < 0.05). In addition, compared to Ch-CON, Ch-IAC significantly improved motor coordination, game performance, enjoyment, and self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Children’s enjoyment and self-efficacy acted as mediators that amplified the effects of the multisport training course. At the same time, the instructor’s didactical and methodological competence were moderators directly favoring or worsening children’s motor competence. Such an integrated multisport model is applicable and suggested for improving sports performance and education processes.
A Blockchain-Based Edge Computing Group Signature Authentication Model for Underwater Clustered Networks
Authors: Chen Yanxia , Li Zhe , Zhu Rongxin
Published: December 2024

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are pivotal for advancing maritime capabilities. These networks predominantly utilize acoustic communication, characterized by an open and shared acoustic channel and energy-limited underwater nodes, which underscores the critical importance of node authentication and management. Blockchain technology, recognized for its security, confidentiality, and traceability, is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring secure data exchange. This paper proposes a blockchain-based collaborative node authentication model tailored for clustered networks in UWSNs to tackle the challenges posed by the open nature of acoustic channels and the constrained energy resources of underwater nodes. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are deployed as blockchain nodes to aid cluster heads in identity verification, while all underwater acoustic nodes are integrated as lightweight blockchain nodes, thus ensuring uniform management and authentication. Furthermore, this study enhances existing clustering algorithms to prolong the operational lifespan of the network and introduces a group signature and authentication mechanism tailored to the unique conditions of underwater blockchain edge computing. This mechanism includes a robust two-round block verification scheme designed to secure the blockchain against potential consensus algorithm attacks. Comprehensive simulations are presented, validating the effectiveness of the proposed group signature solution in enhancing the security and sustainability of underwater clustered networks.
Investigation into the Synergistic Effects of Sediment Concentration and Particle Size on the Friction and Wear Properties of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
Authors: Wang Lun , Zhou Xincong , Huang Qipeng , Liu Xueshen , Zhou Zhenjiang , Xing Shaopeng
Published: December 2024

Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) is commonly used in ships’ water-lubricated tail bearings. However, sediment in the water significantly affects these bearings’ friction and wear performance. This study investigates NBR test blocks’ friction and wear behavior in conjunction with ZCuSn10Zn2 copper ring friction pairs within a sediment-laden water lubrication environment. Two primary factors were considered: sediment particle concentration and sediment particle size. Friction and wear tests were conducted under pure water and sediment-laden conditions using the ZY-1 ring block friction and wear tester. The friction coefficients, wear quantities, and variations in mass concentrations and sediment particle sizes were measured and compared. The surface morphology of the test blocks was analyzed using a laser confocal microscope. The findings indicate that as sediment concentration increases, the particle size’s impact on NBR’s abrasive wear diminishes. The variation in particle size directly influences the number of particles that penetrate the interface between the friction partners and the nature of three-body wear. Conversely, changes in particle concentration primarily affect the extent of wear; specifically, both the wear volume and the average coefficient of friction of the NBR specimens increase with rising sediment concentration. The wear mechanisms observed on the surface of the NBR test blocks are predominantly characterized by micro-cutting, rolling wear, and the coexistence of both wear modes. This study offers valuable insights for the design and optimization of water-lubricated bearings.
Emphasizing the Role of Human Activities and Extreme Floods in Riverbed Evolution: Inspiration from Hainan Island
Authors: Zha Wei , Chen Xiaoqi , Wu Duofeng , Yao Siyang , Li Zhaonan
Published: December 2024

Riverbed morphology is in dynamic change due to the influences of both natural and human-induced factors. However, there is a knowledge gap in distinguishing the components caused by human activities as well as extreme flooding from the total riverbed evolution. The current study evaluated the water depth variation in the Nandu River (NR) and Wanquan River (WR) in Hainan Island in response to diverse driven factors. The results showed that the average water depth of both rivers significantly increased, but the spatial-temporal variation patterns were different. In the NR, the dominant spatial-temporal water depth variation was driven by extreme flooding, which contributed 59% to the total variance. Then, water–sediment conditions accounted for 30%, followed by direct human activities for 3.6%. However, the main spatial-temporal water depth variation patterns in the WR were 77%, driven by water–sediment conditions, 10% driven by extreme flooding, and 3.9% driven by direct human interventions, respectively. Considering the indirect effects of human activities on the water–sediment process, the total contributions of human activities on the water depth variation were 6.9% and 42.9% in the NR and WR, respectively. Due to the poor riverbed stability and worse resistance, island rivers are more fragile to extreme floods and human interventions. Our findings suggest that extreme floods usually lead to a significant increase in sediment carrying capacity, followed by severe erosion of the riverbed. In addition, combining with the decrease in sediment concentration and grainsize caused by human activities, the rebuilding effect on riverbeds would be magnified. These results highlight the important role of human activities and extreme floods in the evolution of island rivers, which can provide new insights and recommendations for river management and restoration engineering.
Predictive Control for Steel Rib Bending Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Xia Yijiang , Luo Jinhui , Ou Zhuolin , Han Xin , Deng Junlin , Wu Ning
Published: December 2024

In the shipbuilding industry, the inefficiency of the successive approximation control method in CNC cold-bending machines has hindered productivity in steel bending manufacturing, particularly for rib profiles. This study proposes control methods for cold bending machines based on deep learning models to address this challenge, including CNN and Transformer-CNN (T-CNN), to predict the elastic spring-back rate of cold-processed metal profiles and generate precise control pulses for achieving target bending angles. Experimental validation using real-world datasets collected from a shipyard’s CNC cold bending machine demonstrates that the T-CNN model significantly reduces the number of steps required for each bending operation, achieving a 75% reduction in production time and substantially enhancing processing efficiency. By leveraging the strengths of CNNs and Transformer architectures, the T-CNN model excels at handling long sequence data and capturing global dataset characteristics. Results show that the T-CNN model outperforms traditional control methods and standard CNNs in prediction accuracy, stability, and efficiency, making it a superior choice for cold bending control.
A 1-Year Sediment Trap Study on the Downward Flux of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Settling Particulate Matter in Deep Basins of the Aegean and Ionian Seas, Northeastern Mediterranean
Authors: Skylaki Ester , Parinos Constantine , Tsagkaraki Maria , Hatzianestis Ioannis , Christidi Anastasia , Skampa Elisavet , Nikolopoulou Ioanna , Kambouri Georgia , Stavrakaki Ioanna , Velaoras Dimitris , Kouvarakis Giorgos , Triantaphyllou Maria V. , Kanakidou Maria , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos , Gogou Alexandra
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the composition, abundance, and vertical export of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) across three deep basins of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea (NEMS) over one year. Sinking particles were collected using sediment traps, and PAH analysis was conducted via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PAH fluxes varied significantly, peaking in the north Aegean Sea due to mesotrophic conditions, nutrient-rich riverine and Black Sea water inflows, and maritime anthropogenic inputs. The fluxes were highest in winter and lowest in fall. In the Cretan Sea, petrogenic sources (~70%) dominated, driven by currents, with fluxes highest in spring and lowest in winter. The Ionian Sea exhibited lower fluxes, peaking in summer and decreasing in fall. Atmospheric deposition seems to be the main transport pathway of pyrolytic PAHs in this site, while its high-water column depth (4300 m) compared to the other sites presumably enables extended degradation of organic constituents during particle settling. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) and principal component analysis (PCA) results reveal complementary insights into PAH sources and transport mechanisms. PMF analysis identified combustion (61%) and petrogenic (22%) sources, while PCA highlighted biogenic fluxes (57.7%) and atmospheric deposition. Seasonal productivity, riverine inputs, and water circulation shaped PAH variability, linking combustion-related PAHs to atmospheric soot and petrogenic PAHs to organic-rich particles.
The Effect of Accessibility to Bank Branches on Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise Capital Structure: Evidence from Swedish Panel Data
Authors: Ho Cynthia Sin Tian , Berggren Björn
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to investigate the effects of accessibility to bank branches on the capital structure of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by analysing the change in three different leverage measures (total, short-term and long-term leverage). The analysis was conducted using random effects models on two data samples. The full sample consisted of 19,064 SMEs while the other sample used to estimate the long-term leverage consisted of 8707 SMEs over two years, 2007 and 2013. The results show that the distance to the nearest bank branch has a negative relationship with total leverage and short-term leverage but a small positive relationship with long-term leverage. An interesting result from the robustness test shows that the distance to the nearest bank negatively affects the long-term leverage of SMEs in rural areas. SME owners and policymakers may benefit from this research amidst the changing banking landscape; policymakers can help increase access to other types of funding for SMEs in bank deserts by increasing the volume of governmental loans. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the distance to the nearest bank branch office has not been examined in the earlier literature as a determinant of the leverage of SMEs.
An Efficient Communication Protocol for Real-Time Body Sensor Data Acquisition and Feedback in Interactive Wearable Systems
Authors: Ancans Armands , Greitans Modris , Kagis Sandis
Published: December 2024

We introduce a novel wired communication approach for interactive wearable systems, employing a single signal wire and innovative group addressing protocol to reduce overhead. While wireless solutions dominate body sensor networks, wired approaches offer advantages for interactive applications that require low latency, high reliability, and communication with high-density nodes; yet they have been less explored in the context of wearable systems. Many commercial products use wired connections without disclosing technical details, limiting broader adoption. To address this gap, we present and test a new group addressing protocol implemented using Universal Asynchronous Receiver–Transmitter (UART) hardware, disclosing frame diagrams and node architectures. We developed a prototype interactive jacket with nine sensor/actuator nodes connected via three wires for power supply and data transmission to a wireless gateway. Mathematical analysis showed an overhead reduction of approximately 50% compared to traditional individual addressing. Our solution is the most wire-efficient among wired interactive wearable systems reviewed in the literature, using only one signal wire; other methods require at least two wires and often have overlapping topologies. Performance experimental evaluation revealed a total feedback delay of 2.27 ms and a maximum data frame rate of 435.4 Hz, comparable to the best-performing products and leaving room for twice the performance calculated theoretically. These results indicate that the proposed approach is suitable for interactive wearable systems, both for real-time applications and high-resolution data acquisition.
Heavy Metal Spatial Variation Mechanism and Ecological Health Risk Assessment in Volcanic Island Soils: A Case Study of Weizhou Island, China
Authors: Bi Ran , Fu Wei , Fu Xuanni
Published: December 2024

Heavy metals in volcanic island soils are key for assessing pollution risks and guiding environmental management strategies. However, research on heavy metals in volcanic island soils remains limited. In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr) in surface soil samples from Weizhou Island, China, were determined using ICP-OES, with average concentrations of 59.18 mg/kg, 119.06 mg/kg, 35.63 mg/kg, and 159.78 mg/kg, respectively. The basalt profiles generally exhibit higher heavy metal content and pH values compared to volcaniclastic rock profiles, as basalt accumulates higher concentrations of heavy metals. However, surface soils over volcaniclastic rocks show significantly higher heavy metal concentrations than those over basalt, indicating spatial variability in metal accumulation. Heavy metal concentrations in Weizhou Island soils are notably elevated at both the western wharf and the island’s tail, both characterized by volcaniclastic rock lithology, with human activities further increasing concentrations at the western wharf compared to the island’s tail. Land use types influence heavy metal content, with higher concentrations in abandoned land and lower concentrations in forest land with dense vegetation and organic matter. Principal component analysis reveals that heavy metals are primarily derived from natural parent material, with the first two principal components comprising 59.77% of the variance. Ecological risk assessment indicates that Weizhou Island soil is generally considered relatively clean, but Pb presents an ecological hazard, with 86.54% of the sites at risk. Overall, heavy metals in volcanic island soil mainly come from natural sources but lead contamination and human-impacted areas require attention.
Analyzing Drivers of Tropical Moist Forest Dynamics in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park Landscape, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo from 1990 to 2022
Authors: Cirezi Nadège Cizungu , Bastin Jean-François , Mugumaarhahama Yannick , Useni Yannick Sikuzani , Karume Katcho , Lumbuenamo Raymond Sinsi , Bogaert Jan
Published: December 2024

The protected areas (PA) of the Democratic Republic of the Congo serve as vital carbon reservoirs and are crucial for biodiversity conservation and climate regulation. Despite their significance, these areas face escalating rates of deforestation and degradation, often poorly understood at the local level. This study focuses on the dynamics of tropical moist forest (TMF) and the relative importance of the driving factors in the landscape of Kahuzi-Biega National Park (KBNP), one of the country’s prominent PAs. Analyzing annual TMF dynamics from 1990 to 2022 using data classified by Vancutsem and his collaborators in 2021 from Landsat imagery alongside spatial datasets of deforestation and degradation drivers, we employed a comprehensive analytical approach. This included meshing, multi-scale analysis, principal component analysis, zoning, multiple linear regression, and relative importance analysis through bootstrapping. The findings indicate that the grid size considered does not significantly influence TMF dynamics in the KBNP landscape (p-value = 0.67, α = 0.05). The edge and outer zones experienced substantial dynamics, with approximately 30% forest cover loss in both areas, contrasting with the relatively stable TMF cover (~100%) in the inner zone. Fire emerged as the most influential driver, explaining TMF dynamics with a relative importance of approximately 55%, 30%, and 23% in the inner, edge, and outer zones, respectively. This study underscores KBNP’s efficacy in curbing TMF loss but highlights the need for enhanced protection around its periphery. Management efforts should prioritize sustainable land use practices, livelihood improvement, and the establishment of an officially recognized buffer zone.
Does Participation in Digital Supply and Marketing Promote Smallholder Farmers’ Adoption of Green Agricultural Production Technologies?
Authors: Li Yuyang , Li Jiahui , Li Xinjie , Lu Qian
Published: December 2024

As global environmental challenges intensify, promoting green agricultural production technologies (GAPTs) that balance ecological and economic benefits at the farmer level has become a crucial pathway to achieving sustainable agricultural development. To achieve this goal, this study uses an Ordered Probit model, which empirically tests the impact and mechanisms of digital supply and marketing (DSM) participation on farmers’ adoption of GAPTs, based on a micro-survey of 1272 farmers from Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China. The findings reveal the following: (1) Participation in DSM effectively encourages farmers to adopt GAPTs. (2) Such participation enhances household per capita income, strengthens risk management, lowers entry barriers to high-value markets, and improves farmers’ access to information, thereby promoting the adoption of GAPTs. (3) Compared to low-capital, high-labor, and low-risk technologies, participation in DSM has a stronger incentivizing effect on the adoption of high-capital, low-labor, and high-risk technologies. This study offers novel empirical insights into the impact and mechanisms of DSM on farmers’ adoption of GAPTs. It provides micro-level evidence supporting the application of digital technologies in agriculture and safeguarding agricultural ecological sustainability.
Carbon Budget Assessment and Influencing Factors for Forest Enterprises in the Key State-Owned Forest Area of the Greater Khingan Range, Northeast China
Authors: Wang Hui , Lin Wenshu , Wu Jinzhuo , Luan Zhaoping
Published: December 2024

Analyzing the spatial and temporal changes in the carbon budget and its influencing factors is the basis for formulating effective measures to reduce emissions and increase sinks. This study establishes a carbon budget assessment model for forest enterprises, calculating forest carbon stocks and enterprise emissions using volume-derived biomass and emission factor methods. The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of carbon budgets for forest enterprises in the key state-owned forest area (2017–2021) were analyzed using various methods, including the Mann-Kendall (MK) test and hotspot analysis. Influencing factors are identified through correlation analysis and the optimal parameter geographical detector (OPGD), while their spatial-temporal variations and causal relationships are analyzed using the geographical and temporal weighted regression model (GTWR) and structural equation modeling (SEM). The carbon budget in the Greater Khingan Range state-owned forest area averaged 10.16 × 106 t CO2-eq from 2017 to 2021, showing a gradual upward trend. The average annual carbon budget of forest enterprises was 1.02 × 106 t CO2-eq, which was highest in the central regions and lowest in the periphery. Soil pH, forest area, and elevation are the primary factors. The interaction between paired factors enhances the explanatory power of their impact, and the effects of different influencing factors exhibit both positive and negative variations across forest enterprises. In addition, the middle-aged forest tending area and average annual precipitation positively influenced forest area and soil pH, indirectly enhancing the carbon budget through multifactor interactions. This research can enhance the understanding of the carbon budget in forest enterprises, providing scientific support for the ecological protection of state-owned forests and contributing to the development of sustainable forestry practices that indirectly benefit societal well-being and economic resilience.
Dynamic Interactions of Urban Land Use Efficiency, Industrial Structure, and Carbon Emissions Intensity in Chinese Cities: A Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) Approach
Authors: Yang Guihong , Wang Xuxi , Peng Li , Zhang Xinyue
Published: December 2024

Climatic and environmental issues have attracted considerable attention worldwide. Clarifying the interactions between urban land use efficiency (ULUE), industrial structure (IS), and carbon emissions intensity (CEI) is of considerable importance in promoting resource–economy–environment coordination. The temporal and spatial characteristics of ULUE, IS, and CEI were analyzed based on panel data from 309 cities in China from 2006 to 2021. A PVAR model was established to analyze the long-term and short-term dynamic and causal relationships among the three variables. ULUE, IS, and CEI showed an upward trend, but significant spatial heterogeneity existed. The three variables had a long-term cointegration relationship. Overall, ULUE had a positive effect on IS, and IS had a promotional effect on ULUE. ULUE and IS had bidirectional inhibitory effects on CEI. This indicates that improving ULUE, upgrading IS, improving energy efficiency, and reducing CEI may be necessary measures to mitigate the environmental impact of human activities. These research results can provide theoretical and policy support for promoting the coordination of resources, the economy, and the environment, and for achieving the promotion of urban high-quality green and sustainable development.
Mapping Groundwater Vulnerability in Arid Regions: A Comparative Risk Assessment Using Modified DRASTIC Models, Land Use, and Climate Change Factors
Authors: Williams Simone A. , Megdal Sharon B. , Zuniga-Teran Adriana A. , Quanrud David M. , Christopherson Gary
Published: December 2024

Groundwater vulnerability in arid regions is increasingly influenced by land use changes and climate variability. This study evaluates groundwater vulnerability and contamination risk in the arid/semi-arid Verde River Basin and Prescott Active Management Area using four models: DRASTIC, DRASTIC-LUCC, DRASTIC-LUCC-AHP2, and DRASTIC-LUCC-AHP4. Modifications to the traditional DRASTIC model, including the integration of land use and climate factors and the application of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to refine variable weighting, significantly enhanced predictive accuracy. Results demonstrate that models incorporating land use and climate data outperform the traditional approach. The DRASTIC-LUCC model identified elevated nitrate concentrations in high-vulnerability areas, while DRASTIC-LUCC-AHP2 exhibited the greatest sensitivity in classifying vulnerability. Karst aquifers were particularly susceptible due to their high permeability and rapid contaminant transport. Recommendations include routinely integrating land use and climate data into vulnerability assessments, enforcing land use controls in high-risk zones, promoting adaptive management practices, and raising public awareness to mitigate contamination risks. This framework offers actionable strategies for improving groundwater protection and sustainable management in arid and semi-arid regions facing water security challenges.
The Effect of Frailty on Balance, Fear of Falling, and Dual-Task Performance in Individuals with Type 2 DM
Authors: Sertel Meral , Tütün Yümin Eylem , Bilgin Merve , Hekimoğlu Hanife Büşra , Özyün Sinem , Körlük Fatma Nur
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to compare balance, fear of falling, and dual-task performance in frail, pre-frail, and non-frail individuals with type 2 DM. The study included 110 voluntary individuals diagnosed with type 2 DM. Individuals with type 2 DM were divided into three groups according to the FRAIL Scale: frail (n = 26), pre-frail (n = 52), and non-frail (n = 32). The FRAIL Scale evaluated individuals’ frailty levels, Timed Up and Go Test evaluated dual-task performance (cognitive and motor), and Tinetti Balance and Gait Scale evaluated balance and risk of falls. Considering the Fall Efficacy Scale, Tinetti Balance and Gait Scale, TUGstandard (sec), TUGcognitive (sec), and TUGmotor (sec) results of frail, pre-frail, and non-frail individuals with type 2 DM, a statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p < 0.05). This difference originated from the frail group. Considering the increase in old age and chronic syndromes, such as DM, it brings about, it was concluded that the early evaluation of older adults for frailty and balance was essential and that individually planned intervention could improve prognosis, reduce falls that might occur due to a loss of balance and muscle strength, and enhance the quality of life in older adults.