bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of the Bandera Shale of the Marmaton Group, Middle Pennsylvanian of Southeastern Kansas
Authors: Brownfield Robert L. , Brenner Robert L. , Pope John P.
Published: January 2025

In southeastern Kansas, the Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Bandera Shale consists of sandstone, shale, limestone, and coal deposited between two carbonate formations, the underlying Pawnee Limestone and the overlying Altamont Limestone. Isopach maps and cross sections indicate that the Bandera Shale thickens southeastward towards the Oklahoma and Missouri borders. Analysis of gamma-ray-log signatures, augmented by neutron-log signatures, indicates that the Bandera Shale is rich in mudstone, with sandstones limited to intervals ranging from 10 ft to 30 ft (3-9.1 m) in thickness. Comparisons with previously studied cored and logged siliciclastic portions of overlying Missourian lithologies suggest that the Bandera Shale consists of various proportions of sandstone, siltstone, clay-rich shale, and calcite-cemented sandstone.
Exposures of the Bandera Shale in Bourbon County, Kansas, consist of interbedded shale and calcite-cemented, fine-grained sandstone. Sandstone beds, ranging from 3 cm to 20 cm (1.2-7.9 in) in thickness, are, in places, rhythmically laminated with organic-rich and organic-poor lamina forming 2-mm (0.8-in)-thick couplets. Many sandstone bedding surfaces in the lower and middle portion of the Bandera Shale are bioturbated with horizontal feeding trails and some vertical burrows that suggest marine environments. Thicker sandstone units are either trough cross-bedded, with sets up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) thick, or amalgamated ripple cross-laminated and flaser-laminated.
Outcrop observations coupled with subsurface analysis indicated that Bandera Shale in southeastern Kansas was deposited as a siliciclastic complex that prograded westward during a sea-level lowstand. Siliciclastic sediments may have been deposited in a clastic wedge or deltaic complex, but sedimentary characteristics observed in outcrops record marine influence at least along the margins of the complex. Rhythmic stratification within sandstone beds that are interbedded with shale resemble tidal features described elsewhere in the Pennsylvanian of North America and suggest that embayments were present where tidal cells were amplified along a morphologically irregular shoreline. Bioturbated sandstone units, interbedded with clay shale, record high-energy events that influenced sand distribution.
Inferring Stratigraphic Position of Fossil Vertebrates from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas
Authors: Bennett S. Christopher
Published: January 2025

The stratigraphy of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas is well understood as a result of the work of Hattin (1982) and Stewart (1988). Marker units identified by Hattin (1982) allow quick determination of the stratigraphic position of a specific outcrop. This study demonstrates that it is now possible to determine the stratigraphic positions of specimens from locality data, thus permitting one to infer stratigraphic position of specimens collected long ago. This technique is particularly useful in the upper half of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member, where biostratigraphy is not informative. The stratigraphic distribution of the type skulls of the pterosaur Pteranodon is examined as an example of the procedure, which in turn demonstrates that the procedure can have the power to reject hypotheses. Inferring stratigraphic positions of fossil vertebrates may be useful in further studies of the large collections of fossil vertebrates from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member. In addition, examination of the stratigraphic distribution of outcrops of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member in western Kansas suggests that most of the fossil vertebrates collected from the member came from a rather restricted stratigraphic interval between Marker Units 15 and 20.
Clarification and Changes in Permian Stratigraphic Nomenclature in Kansas
Authors: Sawin Robert S. , Franseen Evan K. , West Ronald R. , Ludvigson Greg A. , Watney W. Lynn
Published: January 2025

This paper outlines Permian nomenclature changes to Zeller (1968) that have been adopted by the Kansas Geological Survey. The Permian System/Period, Cisuralian Series/Epoch, and Asselian Stage/Age are established at the base of the Bennett Shale Member of the Red Eagle Limestone. Series/epoch names Wolfcampian, Leonardian, and Guadalupian are retained and usage of Gearyan, Cimarronian, and Custerian is abandoned. The repositioned Carboniferous-Permian boundary divides the Council Grove Group into Carboniferous (Upper Pennsylvanian Series/Epoch; Virgilian Stage/Age) and Permian (Wolfcampian Series/Epoch) segments.
Fusulinids from the Howe Limestone Member (Red Eagle Limestone, Council Grove Group) in Northeastern Kansas and their Significance to the North American Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)-Permian Boundary
Authors: Wahlman Gregory P. , West Ronald R.
Published: January 2025

Fusulinids from the Howe Limestone Member (upper part of the Red Eagle Limestone, lower part of the Council Grove Group) are described here for the first time. The Howe fauna is particularly significant because it represents the earliest fusulinids known to occur above the new conodont-based Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)-Permian boundary at the Glenrock Limestone Member-Bennett Shale Member contact (Red Eagle Limestone) in northeastern Kansas. The Howe fusulinid assemblage is composed entirely of species of the genus Leptotriticites. The species L. hughesensis and L. glenensis were originally described from just beneath the new systemic boundary horizon in the Hughes Creek Shale Member and Glenrock Limestone Member, respectively. L. wetherensis is a species from the Stockwether Limestone Member of north-central Texas, which is thought to directly overlie the new systemic boundary in that region. L. gracilitatus is a species reported from below and above the boundary in west Texas and New Mexico. Therefore, the Howe Limestone Member fusulinid fauna is quite transitional in character. The first typical and diagnostic early Permian (Wolfcampian Series) fusulinids in the midcontinent section appear in steps through the stratigraphically higher Neva Limestone Member of the Grenola Limestone (Paraschwagerina kansasensis), and the Cottonwood and Morrill Limestone Members of the overlying Beattie Limestone (Schwagerina jewetti, S. vervillei). This offset of conodont and fusulinid faunal changes should be taken into account in regional and interregional biostratigraphic correlations of the new systemic boundary.
Treated Wastewater and Nitrate Transport Beneath Irrigated Fields near Dodge City, Kansas
Authors: Sophocleous Marios , Townsend Margaret A. , Vocasek Fred , Ma Liwang , KC Ashok
Published: January 2025

Use of secondary-treated municipal wastewater for crop irrigation south of Dodge City, Kansas, where the soils are mainly of silty clay loam texture, has raised a concern that it has resulted in high nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (10-50 mg/kg) in the soil and deeper vadose zone, and also in the underlying deep (20-45 m) ground water. The goal of this field-monitoring project was to assess how and under what circumstances nitrogen (N) nutrients under cultivated corn that is irrigated with this treated wastewater can reach the deep ground water of the underlying High Plains aquifer, and what can realistically be done to minimize this problem. We collected 15.2-m-deep cores for physical and chemical properties characterization; installed neutron moisture-probe access tubes and suction lysimeters for periodic measurements; sampled area monitoring, irrigation, and domestic wells; performed dye-tracer experiments to examine soil preferential-flow processes through macropores; and obtained climatic, crop, irrigation, and N-application rate records. These data and additional information were used in the comprehensive Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) to identify key parameters and processes that influence N losses in the study area. We demonstrated that nitrate-N transport processes result in significant accumulations of N in the thick vadose zone. We also showed that nitrate-N in the underlying ground water is increasing with time and that the source of the nitrate is from the wastewater applications. RZWQM2 simulations indicated that macropore flow is generated particularly during heavy rainfall events, but during our 2005-06 simulations the total macropore flow was only about 3% of precipitation for one of two investigated sites, whereas it was more than 13% for the other site. Our calibrated model for the two wastewater-irrigated study sites indicated that reducing current levels of corn N fertilization by half or more to the level of 170 kg/ha substantially increases N-use efficiency and achieves near-maximum crop yield. Combining such measures with a crop rotation that includes alfalfa should further reduce the amounts of residual N in the soil, as indicated in one of the study sites that had alfalfa in past crop rotations.
Precambrian Nomenclature in Kansas
Authors: Sawin Robert S. , Franseen Evan K. , Ludvigson Greg A. , Watney W. Lynn , West Ronald R.
Published: January 2025

The informal stratigraphic term "Precambrian" is replaced by formal nomenclature--Proterozoic and Archean Eonothems/Eons--and the informal term Hadean. The Phanerozoic Eonothem/Eon, representing all rocks younger than the Proterozoic, is added. The Proterozoic is further divided into Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, and Neoproterozoic Erathems/Eras. The name Rice Formation (Scott, 1966) is abandoned, and the use of the informal term "Rice unit" is recommended. The proposed name Rice Series (Berendsen, 1994) is not accepted. These changes are adopted by the Kansas Geological Survey (KGS) and the stratigraphic nomenclature of Zeller (1968) has been revised accordingly.
Treatment of Mine Water as a Factor in the Mineral Production in Southeastern Kansas
Authors: Kinney E. D.
Published: January 2025

Methods of neutralizing economically the acid in mine waters and recovering iron as a commercial by-product are compared and discussed from the standpoint of the mine operators in the lead and zinc district of southeastern Kansas. That increased production of lead and zinc would result from the adoption of a feasible method of treatment of mine waters is indicated.
Neogene (Plio-Pleistocene) Fresh-Water Ostracodes from the Central High Plains
Authors: Gutentag Edwin D. , Benson Richard H.
Published: January 2025

Pleistocene deposits in southwestern and central Kansas, western Oklahoma, and northern Texas have yielded eleven species of fresh-water ostracodes. Pliocene and Recent deposits have each yielded one species. Genera represented are Cypricercus, Eucypris, Cypridopsis, Potamocypris, Candona, Ilyocypris, Cyprideis, and Limnocythere. Four species are new: Eucypris meadensis, Candona nyensis, C. renoensis, and Limnocythere staplini. Nine species described previously from living forms were found as fossils: Cypricercus tuberculatus (Sharpe), Cypridopsis vidua (O. F. Müller), Potamocypris smaragdina (Vávra), Candona caudata Kaufmann, C. crogmaniana Turner, C. fluviatilis Hoff, Ilyocypris bradyi Sars, I. gibba (Ramdohr), and Cyprideis littoralis Brady.
All genera represented and two of the new species (Eucypris meadensis and Candona nyensis) are living today. The existing classification of living ostracodes, based on appendages, is used for the Pleistocene forms, although the fossil ostracodes were necessarily described on the basis of their carapace features.
Candona nyensis n. sp. seems to be restricted to deposits of Pleistocene age, and can be used locally in southwestern Kansas to distinguish Pleistocene from Pliocene sediments.
Cyprideis littoralis Brady, which normally lives in brackish water, seems to have become adapted to the fresh-water environment of Pleistocene sinkholes.
Oil and Gas Developments in Kansas During 1961
Authors: Goebel E.D. , Hilpman P.L. , Beene D.L. , Noever R.J.
Published: January 2025

The Red Eagle cyclothem, a Lower Permian (Wolfcamplan) marine sedimentary rock succession, includes, in ascending order, rocks of the Johnson Shale, Red Eagle Limestone, and Roca Shale. Despite facies changes, these and the component stratigraphic units can be traced along their outcrop belt southward from Lincoln, Nebraska, across Kansas to Burbank, Oklahoma.
Detailed stratigraphy,, sedimentary petrography, and paleontology of the Red Eagle cyclothem provide the bases for interpretations of its depositional environments and its plant and animal megafossils and microfossils. Postulates concerning the approximate physical and chemical characteristics of the Red Eagle cyclothem marine environments are advanced. The assembled evidence suggests that the depositional environments of the various faunal-lithologic phases of this and other Lower Permian cyclothems were most directly controlled by marine water depths which ranged from 0 to scarcely more than 60 feet. Other combined factors sometimes were more important than or modified the depth effects.
The Red Eagle cyclothem sediments accumulated in a broad, shallow epicontinental sea, the floor of which was flattest during accumulation of the oldest part of the Red Eagle Limestone. Slight changes of water depth caused widespread changes in depositional conditions.
The accumulation of red mud in very shallow water began the Red Eagle cyclothemic succession in the middle part of Johnson time and concluded it near the middle of Roca time. Muddy depositional conditions which produced the Johnson Shale were similar to those which later produced the Roca Shale. Limestones of the Red Eagle Formation, and their shaly equivalents, accumulated In slightly deeper waters.
Faint upwarps of the earth's crust in the Nemaha Arch and contiguous areas of east-central Kansas seem to have influenced water circulation and thereby exercised minor control over the accumulation of sediments in the Red Eagle Limestone.
Fossil spores found in the Red Eagle cyclothem seem similar to somewhat younger Permian floral assemblages from other parts of the world.
Ten fundamental faunal-lithologic facies types are recognized in the Red Eagle cyclothem. Most of these facies are also represented in other Kansas cyclothems.
Geology of Franklin County, Kansas
Authors: Ball Stanton , Ball Mahlon M. , Laughlin Dwight J.
Published: January 2025

Rocks exposed in Franklin County have an aggregate thickness of about 700 feet and all are sedimentary. Bedrock of Late Pennsylvanian (Missourian and Virgilian) age comprises mostly shale, sandstone, limestone, and siltstone; the section extends from the Chanute Shale at the base to the Doniphan Shale Member of the Lecompton Limestone at the top. These strata are nearly flat lying; dips approximate 10 to 30 feet per mile.
Lateral continuity of thin stratigraphic units is characteristic although the Wyandotte Limestone formation, absent in the western half of the county, and the locally absent Toronto Limestone, Snyderville Shale, and Leavenworth Limestone Members of the Oread Limestone are exceptions. Facies change is thought to have been the causative factor in the former case, that of the Wyandotte Limestone, whereas faulting and erosion were probably principal causes in the latter case. Most of the bedrock represents sediment deposited in marine and marine-non-marine, or mixed, environments. Surficial deposits of Neogene age comprise mostly alluvium and loess and are exclusively nonmarine.
Franklin County lies within the Forest City Basin. Strata exposed in the county are a small part of the Prairie Plains Monocline, which dips westwardly and northwestwardly away from the Ozark Dome area of Missouri. Numerous local and minor flexures are superimposed on the regional structure. Faulting is uncommon, but two faults affecting the upper part of the Lawrence Shale, the Oread Limestone, and the lower part of the Kanwaka Shale, were mapped in the northwest part of the county. Vertical displacement ranges from approximately 15 to 40 feet. Tracing of the faults is possible only for distances of about a mile; the trend of fault traces ranges from generally north-south to generally northeast-southwest. A coal "conglomerate" thought previously to be largely the result of erosion and redeposition is attributed herein to structural phenomena.
Alluvial deposits in the Marais des Cygnes and Pottawatomie River valleys yield large supplies of ground water and constitute the most important aquifers in the area. Bedrock aquifers are scant in eastern Franklin County but Douglas Group sandstone beds are commonly suitable aquifers in western Franklin County. Oil, limestone, sand and gravel, coal, and shale are other mineral resources exploited in Franklin County.
Data upon which the report is based include about 200 well logs, logs of 2 test holes, and records of 100 measured sections.
Geohydrology of Grant and Stanton Counties, Kansas
Authors: Fader Stuart W. , Gutentag Edwin D. , Lobmeyer David H. , Meyer Walter R.
Published: January 2025

A study of the geohydrology of Grant and Stanton counties, comprising 1,260 square miles, is contained in this report. The principal cities are Ulysses, in Grant County, and Johnson, in Stanton County. Normal annual precipitation is 17.24 inches at Ulysses and 15.03 inches at Johnson.
The rocks in the two counties range in age from Permian to Recent. Unconsolidated deposits of Neogene age (Pliocene and Pleistocene) underlie most of the area and contain aquifers that annually supply about 250,000 acre-feet of water for irrigation. The Pleistocene deposits reach a maximum thickness of 455 feet in the southeastern part of the area. The areal extent, thickness, and water yields of sandstone aquifers of Cretaceous and Triassic age are given. The coefficients of transmissibility and storage of the Pliocene and Pleistocene aquifers were determined by tests at 26 sites. The data thus obtained were used to estimate the hydrologic characteristics at localities where adequate well logs were available. The extrapolated transmissibility data were used to analyze the movement of ground water.
Approximatelv 58 mgd (million gallons per day) of ground water is flowing into Stanton County from the west, and approximately 86 mgd is flowing out of Grant County to the southeast. This difference is due to the addition of lateral flow from the adjacent counties to the north and south and from precipitation within the area. The recharge from precipitation was computed to be about 0.3 inches per year or 2 percent of the average annual precipitation. Inflow and outflow in the area were approximately the same in 1940 as in 1960. Therefore, most of the water pumped for irrigation since 1940 has been removed from storage.
Analyses of the six water-level contour maps indicates that the weighted-average water level declined 8 feet between 1939-42 and 1960 and 18 feet between 1939-42 and 1963. Prediction of future water levels based on these data was not attempted because of the close relationship of water level to the annual pumping rate, which varies considerably.
The two counties contain 55 million acre-feet of ground water in storage of which about 39 million is in the unconsolidated aquifers and 16 million in the sandstone aquifers. However, from a practical standpoint, not more than about half this amount of water can be recovered for irrigation use.
Paleoecology of the Council Grove Group (Lower Permian) in Kansas, Based Upon Microfossil Assemblages
Authors: Lane Gary N.
Published: January 2025

A total of 63 wells drilled in Kansas during 1963 encountered buried Precambrian rock. Information on these wells, a list of completed projects, and the status of current projects of the Kansas Geological Society's Basement Rocks Committee are included in this report. The total number of wells known to have been drilled into Precambrian rocks in Kansas at the end of 1963 is approximately 2,400.
Stratigraphy and Depositional Environment of the Elgin Sandstone (Pennsylvanian) in South-Central Kansas
Authors: Brown Sally L.
Published: January 2025

The Elgin sandstone, a unit in the Kanwaka Shale (Virgilian, Upper Pennsylvanian), crops out in south-central Kansas. Distribution of the Elgin, which ranges from 0 to 180 feet in thickness, indicates that it was deposited in a shallow-marine to marginal-marine environment controlled by the distributary pattern of a large delta complex. Major source of the material for the clastic wedge was from the south in the Arbuckle-Ouachita Mountain area. Distribution of the Elgin Sandstone seemingly was not influenced by the algal limestone buildups f the underlying Plattsmouth Limestone Member of the Oread Limestone, although the basal shales of the Kanwaka reflect the presence of these buildups.
Sedimentary Characteristics of Pleistocene Deposits, Neosho River Valley, Southeastern Kansas
Authors: Jamkhindikar Suresh
Published: January 2025

Clay mineralogy, sedimentary parameters, and heavy mineral content of Pleistocene alluvial terrace (Illinoisan) and flood-plain (Wisconsinan) deposits of the Neosho River valley in southeastern Kansas were investigated. The clay mineral assemblage of the alluvial deposits consists of montmorillonite, a 14Å mixed-layer mineral, illite, and kaolinite. Montmorillonite is the dominant clay mineral in alluvial terrace deposits; illite and kaolinite are variable in proportion. Flood-plain deposits contain montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite in decreasing order of relative abundance. The diffraction-intensity ratio, derived from X-ray diffraction intensities of illite and kaolinite, is significantly different for alluvial terrace and flood-plain deposits. Relative abundances of clay minerals in each deposit are evaluated in terms of (1) contribution of the source area, (2) weathering, (3) time, (4) topography, and (5) drainage.
Grain-size analyses of alluvial terrace and flood-plain deposits did not reveal a significant difference in parameters such as phi-median and phi-sorting. Alluvial terrace deposits, however, showed greater variation in sorting than the flood-plain deposits. Variation in sorting is not sufficiently marked to be used as a criterion to differentiate terrace deposits from flood-plain deposits.
The heavy mineral assemblage of terrace and flood-plain deposits consists of zircon, tourmaline, staurolite, garnet, topaz, and magnetite. Flood-plain deposits contain minor amounts of epidote and kyanite, which are rare or absent in terrace deposits.
Geology and Hydrology of Rice County, Central Kansas
Authors: Bayne Charles K. , Ward John R.
Published: January 2025

Sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic age and younger underlie Rice County to a depth ranging from 3,700 to 4,100 feet. The oldest formations that crop out are the Ninnescah Shale, Stone Corral Formation, and the Harper Sandstone of Early Permian age. These formations are unconformably overlain by rocks of Cretaceous age consisting of the Cheyenne Sandstone, Kiowa Formation, and Dakota Formation. Deposits of Pleistocene age that mantle most of the county are principally eolian sediments on the uplands and fluvial sediments in the valleys.
The principal aquifer is in the Pleistocene fluvial deposits where yields to irrigation wells of 1,000 gpm (gallons per minute) are common and, locally, yields may be as much as 2,000 gpm. Sandstone aquifers in the Kiowa and Dakota Formations commonly yield an adequate supply of water for domestic and stock wells, and may yield as much as 150 gpm.
The chemical quality of water in the Pleistocene deposits is a calcium bicarbonate type and is very hard. Water in the sandstone also is a calcium bicarbonate type where the overlying Pleistocene aquifer is in hydraulic connection. If an appreciable thickness of shale separates the aquifers, the water in the sandstone may be a sodium bicarbonate type, Highly mineralized water from formations below the Kiowa may occur at shallow depths as a result of local contamination by oil-field brines or industrial wastes.
The principal mineral resource in 1969 was petroleum produced from 76 oil fields and 19 gas fields. Salt deposits ranging in thickness from 200 to 400 feet are a potential resource that have been utilized to a minor extent,
Age and Structure of Subsurface Beds in Cherokee County, Kansas - Implications from Endothyrid Foraminifera and Conodonts
Authors: Zeller Doris E. , Thompson Thomas L.
Published: January 2025

Endothyrid foraminifers and conodonts were used for determination of the age of a core in the Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. #1 Velie Swalley test hole, which reached a total depth of 76 feet (23.16 m) in SW SW NW sec. 3, T. 35 S., R. 24 E., Cherokee County, Kansas. Mississippian limestone from 75.8 feet (23.1 m) to 50.5 feet (15.4 m) includes beds of Meramecian and possible Chesteran age. Pennsylvanian black fissile shale from 50.5 feet to 37 feet (11.3 m) is Atokan(?) in age. Surface weathering, producing tan to yellowish-brown, iron-stained clay with recent root impressions, penetrates to about 37 feet.
The #1 Swalley lies on the northwestern flank of the Ozark uplift, an irregular domal structure lying in Missouri, northwestern Arkansas, northeastern Oklahoma, and the extreme southeastern tip of Kansas. The difference in elevation of Keokuk (Osagean Stage, Lower Mississippian) beds on the east side of Cherokee County and Salem-St. Louis (Meramecian Stage, Upper Mississippian) and Keokuk beds eight miles to the west in the #1 Swalley is possibly due to faulting and/or folding of these Mississippian beds, which may have been an avenue for implacement of lead and zinc ores in the Tri-State area.
Petrographic Characteristics of Kansas Building Limestones
Authors: Aber S.W. , Grisafe D.A.
Published: January 2025

Thin sections of eight different Kansas building limestones, taken from current quarry sites, were studied parallel and perpendicular to their bedding plane. A comparison of the result Ing data shows that considerable variations in the petrographic characteristics occur among these limestones.
The Five Point Limestone in northeastern Pottawatomie County is a highly fossiliferous, medium- to coarse-grained packstone with color varying from brownish-yellow to pinkish-gray and possessing around seven percent porosity. In Riley County the Neva Limestone is a fine- to medium-grained, pellet-bearing wackestone with a light gray color. It is divided into hard and soft ledges, with porosities of less than one and two percent, respectively; the latter ledge contains three times as many opaques as the former. The light gray Cottonwood Limestone in Chase County is divided into upper and lower ledges. The upper bed is a fine- to medium-grained fusulinid wackestone with five percent porosity, while the lower bed is a fine-grained wackestone with less than one percent porosity. In eastern Pottawatomie County, the Funston Limestone is a fine- to medium-grained wackestone with a light buff-gray color and 12 percent porosity. The Fort Riley Limestone in southern Cowley County is a fine- to medium-grained algal wackestone/packstone with a light brownish-yellow color and five percent porosity. The Cresswell Limestone in Cowley County is a very fine grained, burrowed, pellet-bearing wackestone that is nearly white in color and has less than one percent porosity.
APOC1 knockdown induces apoptosis and decreases angiogenesis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells through blocking the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Gao Jing , Lu Xiaojuan , Wang Guanglei , Huang Tanling , Tuo Zhongyu , Meng Weiwei
Published: January 2025

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a highly heterogeneous metastatic lymphoma that can be treated by targeting angiogenesis. Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) plays a significant role in the proliferation and metastasis of various malignant tumors; however, its role in DLBCL—particularly its effects on angiogenesis—remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the correlation between APOC1 expression and patient prognosis in DLBCL. Using APOC1 gene knockdown, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed through flow cytometry, the EDU assay, wound healing, and Transwell assays. Additionally, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) angiogenesis was evaluated. Advanced techniques, such as immunofluorescence, TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemical labeling were employed to analyze the effects of APOC1 knockdown on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and tumor formation in nude mice. Results showed that APOC1 is overexpressed in DLBCL tissues and cells, with high APOC1 levels associated with poor patient prognosis. In vitro experiments revealed that APOC1 knockdown increased apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, HUVEC angiogenesis, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway protein expression in DLBCL cells. Similarly, in vivo studies demonstrated that APOC1 knockdown significantly reduced tumor growth, angiogenesis-related proteins, and phosphorylated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins in nude mice. APOC1 knockdown promotes apoptosis and suppresses angiogenesis in DLBCL cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
jres_c13.nan v1
Authors: UGA NAN-KB
Published: January 2025

This is a protocol for running a 2D carbon-carbon homonuclear JRES pulseprogram 'jresdcqfsp.pp'. It will provide a dataset where F2 gives the carbon 1D signals according to chemical shift and the indirect F1 dimension shows the carbon-carbon scalar coupling patterns. This pulse program is only useful for 13C isotope enriched samples that have sufficient populations of C13-C13 pairs. The original Bruker pulseprogram jresdcqf was modified by changing the hard 180 refocussing pulse to an adiabatic shaped pulse. It is important that a 1D carbon data set is collected first to establish suitable parameters for adequate SW, O1 and S/N.
Propagation of Hate Speech on Social Network X: Trends and Approaches
Authors: Rodríguez-Peral Eva Matarín , Gómez Franco Tomás , Rodríguez-Peral Bustos Daniel
Published: January 2025

Digital technologies have democratized the transmission of information, enabling individuals to interact and share information instantly through social networks. However, these advancements have also brought about negative aspects such as the propagation of hate speech on social media. This research aims to address the following question: What are the predominant theoretical and methodological approaches in academic research on hate speech on X (formerly known as Twitter)? This study aims to identify and analyze the trends in existing academic research on the proliferation and dissemination of hate speech on the social network X, to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in this field, and to highlight areas for future research. To conduct this analysis, a mixed‐methods methodology is employed and a systematic literature review is applied as the research technique. Quantitative analysis involves descriptive statistical analysis, while qualitative analysis is conducted using a deductive strategy to study the predetermined categories of research included in this study. Among the main contributions is the integration of findings from multiple studies, facilitating the understanding of this phenomenon, as well as enabling the identification of best practices and existing knowledge gaps in this field.
TWO-STAGE PROXIMAL ALGORITHMS FOR EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS IN HADAMARD SPACES
Authors:   Harbour.Space University, Barcelona, Spain, Denysov S. V. , Semenov V. V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2025

We consider the equilibrium problems in the Hadamard metric spaces. We obtained a theorem about weak convergence of the two-stage proximal algorithm for pseudo-monotone equilibrium programming problems in Hadamard spaces. We proposed an adaptive two-stage proximal algorithm for problems in metric Hadamard spaces. The parameter update rule does not use the values of the
Lipschitz constants of the bifunction. In contrast to the rules of the
linear search type, it does not require calculations of the bifunction
values at additional points. For pseudo-monotone bifunctions of the Lipschitz type, we prove the theorem on weak convergence of the sequences generated by the algorithm. The adaptive extraproximal algorithm is proposed and theoretically substantiated. A regularized adaptive extraproximal algorithm is proposed and theoretically
substantiated. We used the classical Halpern scheme to regularize the
basic extraproximal procedure. For pseudo-monotone bifunctions of the Lipschitz type, we proved the convergence theorem for regularized adaptive extraproximal algorithm. We showed that the proposed algorithm could be applied to pseudo-monotone ones of variational inequalities in Hilbert spaces.
MAXIMIZATION OF ENTROPY METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE BEHAVIOR OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS UNDER NOISE CONDITIONS
Authors:   V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Symonov D. I.
Published: January 2025

The article addresses the problem of predicting the behavior of complex systems in the presence of random noise disturbances. The relevance of this research is driven by the limitations of traditional approaches, which often lose accuracy under conditions of uncertainty and noise. The proposed approach is based on the method of maximum entropy, which allows for the preservation of information content and adaptation to unpredictable changes in the data. The application of this method ensures optimal consistency between the model and empirical observations, even with limited or incomplete data. The study presents an algorithm for iterative parameter optimization using Lagrange multipliers and gradient descent. Particular attention is given to accounting for the mean value of the noise, which enhances the robustness and accuracy of the predictions. The practical section demonstrates the viability of the approach using a system with noisy measurements. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the maximum entropy method for forecasting in various fields, including financial modeling and engineering process management.
The Concept of Recursion in Cognitive Studies. Part II: From Turing to Bayes to Consciousness
Authors: Mikhailov I. F.
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the concept of recursion in mathematics, AI, cognitive studies and its relationship to consciousness. The development of the notion is followed in parallel with the history of computability theory when concepts of Turing oracle and probabilistic machines were introduced. Also, such recursive computational techniques as Bayesian Recursive Estimation and Bayesian hierarchical inference are reviewed. It is shown that, with each novation in recursive methods, the limits of computability have expanded. The author argues that recursion is a vital aspect of human cognition, particularly in the development and interpretation of complex language. The paper also addresses the challenges of studying recursion and consciousness, such as the subjective nature of consciousness and the complexity of neural networks associated with conscious thought. Additionally, the paper examines the limitations of current theories of cognitive processing and language acquisition in understanding recursion and consciousness. The article concludes that investigating the relationship between recursion and consciousness is critical for developing a deeper understanding of language and cognitive processing. The author anticipates that a future recursionbased theory will help solve principal metaphysical conundrums of the past and the present.
ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS OF THE MOTHER BEFORE PREGNANCY AS A FACTOR INFLUENCING THE WEIGHT OF THE NEWBORN
Authors: Iutinsky Eduard Mikhailovich , Zheleznov Lev Mikhailovich , Dvoryansky Sergey Afanasievich
Published: January 2025

TITLE
Influence of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index on Birth Weight: Results of a Regional Retrospective Study
AUTHORS
E.M. Iutinsky, L.M. Zheleznov, S.A. Dvoryansky
AFFILIATIONS
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kirov State Medical University" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

ABSTRACT
Background: Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) significantly influences birth weight and pregnancy outcomes. Low BMI may increase the risk of low birth weight infants, while high BMI is associated with fetal macrosomia and delivery complications. Investigating this relationship is crucial for developing regional standards and improving perinatal outcomes.
Aim: To assess the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI on birth weight based on regional data.
Methods: A retrospective observational single-center study included 5,161 pregnant women. Participants were divided into three BMI groups: underweight (18.5 kg/m²), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m²), and overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m²). Women with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) were excluded. Maternal anthropometric data and newborn weights were analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey's test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression.
Results: Significant differences in birth weights were found among BMI groups (p  0.001). Mean birth weights increased with higher maternal BMI: 3,050 ± 380 g (underweight), 3,300 ± 400 g (normal weight), and 3,550 ± 420 g (overweight). A moderate positive correlation was observed between maternal body weight and newborn weight (r = 0.32; p  0.001). Multiple linear regression indicated that maternal weight and height significantly affect newborn weight (p  0.001).
Conclusion: Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is a significant factor influencing birth weight. Monitoring and maintaining normal BMI before conception may improve perinatal outcomes.
Status of Research on Administrative Activities and Policing by Romanian Authorities with Regard to Poland and Polish Citizens and soldiers from Mid-October 1938 till December 1939
Authors: Kastory Agnieszka Małgorzata
Published: January 2025

The text reviews Polish and to a lesser extend Romanian literature and published sources concerning Romanian actions against Poles in the period mid-October 1938 to end of 1939. The works of the following authors are the most usuful for researches of this problem: Andrzej and Tadeusz Dubicki, Krzysztof Dach, Waldemar Rezmer, Wojciech Rojek, Małgorzata Willaume, and the publication of the Union of Poles in Romania. The most important documents have been published in 2013 by Institute of National Remembrance and National Archives of Romania: Polscy uchodźcy w Rumunii 1939-1947. Dokumenty z narodowych archiwów Rumunii. They are the starting point for the researches on the activities of the Romanian authorities in 1939.
Switzerland Vis-a-Vis the Fall of the Polish State in September 1939. Status and Prospects for Research
Authors: Bednarz Piotr
Published: January 2025

The outbreak of World War Two posed fundamental questions before Switzerland about the political future in the context of Germany’s aggressive policy. Territorial claims laid by the Third Reich’s elites towards the neighboring countries in the name of the unification of all Germans in one state were also dangerous to Switzerland, whose Alemannic citizens were perceived by Berlin as a part of the great German nation. The Swiss political class as well as the public opinion of the country closely observed Germany’s actions, and in this context the Third Reich’s aggression against Poland was one of the more essential points of Swiss collective memory about World War Two. This memory is very strongly marked, however, by local determinants and the specific geopolitical situation of Switzerland. That had a very distinct impact on the subjects of interest by Swiss historiography dealing with the WW2 years. The most important elements of the Swiss collective memory were: the threat from the Axis’ powers and the need to mobilize society to defend the country, the problem of maintaining neutrality and the consequent matter of interning foreign military units crossing Switzerland’s borders, the issue of potential war refugees, the problem of deposits in Swiss banks left by Holocaust victims, recognition of states that de facto ceased to exist as a result Germany’s invasion, and the problem of mutual relations with the Allied powers both during the war and after it ended. The perception of the Polish question by Swiss historiography becomes part of the aforementioned planes, which explains a rather selective character of the Polish-Swiss subjects in Switzerland’s historiography. They are confined mainly to the history of the internment of the Polish 2nd Rifle Division, problems concerning the recognition of the Polish government in London and emphasizing the pro-Polish sympathies of Swiss society.
Desarrollo de la competencia de razonamiento cuantitativo en los egresados del sector software en Colombia
Authors:   Universidad Icesi, Alonso Cifuentes Julio César , Chaves Ocampo Cristian Javier ,   Universidad Icesi
Published: January 2025

En la evolución hacía una economía cada vez más basada en los datos, la inteligencia artificial y las tecnológicas informáticas; la relevancia de las investigaciones que monitorean las habilidades de la futura fuerza laboral y, en especial de los desarrolladores de software y roles TI, es indiscutible. Este tipo análisis, no sólo proporciona una visión clara de las competencias actuales de los profesionales en Colombia, sino que también permite identificar las áreas de mejora y las tendencias emergentes que pueden influir en el futuro de la industria del software y tecnologías informáticas, la cual juega un papel crucial en el desarrollo económico y social, contribuyendo actualmente con el 3,5% del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) nacional [Ximena Duque, FEDESOFT].
Сравнительный анализ методов оценки контраста изображений
Authors: Дубровская Е.А. , Баланев К.С. , Привалов К.Э. , Раскатова М.В.
Published: January 2025

Проведен сравнительный анализ методов оценки контраста изображений, включая глобальные методы (RMS-контраст, энтропийный контраст, контраст по диапазону) и локальны методы с использованием сверточных операторов (Собеля, Прюитта, Лапласа, Робертса), а также контраст Вебера и локальное стандартное отклонение. Исследованы особенности каждого метода, их чувствительность к шуму и точность оценки локальных и глобальных изменений яркости. На основе анализа экспериментов выявлено, что локальные методы, такие как сверточные операторы и контраст Вебера, более точно оценивают локальные контрасты, но чувствительны к шумовым артефактам. Глобальные методы на основе гистограмм, включая RMS-контраст и энтропийный контраст, предоставляют общую оценку контраста без учета локальных особенностей изображения.

The article provides a comparative analysis of image contrast estimation methods, including global methods (RMS-contrast, entropy contrast, range contrast) and local methods using convolutional operators (Sobel, Pruitt, Laplace, Roberts), as well as Weber contrast and local standard deviation. The features of each method, their sensitivity to noise, and the accuracy of estimating local and global brightness variations are investigated. Based on the analysis of experiments, it is found that local methods, such as convolutional operators and Weber contrast, are more accurate in estimating local contrasts but sensitive to noise artifacts. Global histogram-based methods, including RMS contrast and entropy contrast, provide an overall contrast estimate without considering local image features.
Математическая модель решения задачи линейного программирования с помощью симплекс-метода
Authors: Божко Л.М. , Дергачев А.И. , Дергачев С.А.
Published: January 2025

Использование математического аппарата для выбора наиболее эффективного решения проблемы, поиска оптимального варианта актуально и востребовано с учетом ограниченности ресурсов. Методы линейного программирования находят широкое применение при решении экономических задач, планировании производства. Исследование направлено на разработку методики открытых проектов решения специальных задач. Предлагаемый подход позволяет оценить эффективность управленческой деятельности с позиций системного подхода к решению задач на ЭВМ, рассчитать и обосновать предлагаемое решение поставленной задачи. В качестве примера подготовки к решению на ЭВМ выбрана задача линейного программирования. Решение такой задачи позволяет находить оптимальный вариант использования отведенных ресурсов.

The use of a mathematical apparatus to choose the most effective solution of the problem and find the best option is relevant and in demand taking into account the limited resources. Linear programming methods are widely used in solving economic problems, in production planning. The study is aimed at developing a methodology for developing open projects for solving special problems that can be used in organizations. The proposed approach makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of management activities from the standpoint of a systematic approach to preparing for solving tasks on a computer, to calculate and justify the proposed solution of the task. As an example of preparation for a computer solution, a linear programming problem was chosen. Solving this problem allows you to find the best option for using the allocated resources.
Стабилизация программных движений большой динамической системы с ограничениями на векторы координат и управлений
Authors: Ефремов А.А.
Published: January 2025

Задачи стабилизации программных движений и положения равновесия ‒ актуальные прикладные задачи современной теории автоматического управления. В данной работе для стабилизации положения равновесия и программных движений большой нелинейной динамической системы, состоящей из s подсистем, применяются проекционно-операторные методы математического программирования. Большая динамическая система представлена в виде блочно-диагонального оператора с блоками, заданными нелинейными стационарными разностными операторами. В качестве примера рассмотрен блочно-диагональный оператор электроэнергетического объединения, состоящего из трех электроэнергетических систем, подключенных к шине бесконечной мощности линиями электропередач.

The problems of stabilization of programmed movements and equilibrium positions are topical applied problems of the modern theory of automatic control. In this work, to stabilize the equilibrium position and stabilize the programmed movements of a large nonlinear dynamic system consisting of “s” subsystems, projection-operator methods of mathematical programming are used. A large dynamical system is defined as a block-diagonal operator with blocks defined by nonlinear stationary difference operators. As an example, the article considers a block-diagonal operator of an electric power association consisting of three electric power systems connected to an infinite power bus by power lines.
Laborious Transformations: Plants and Politics at Bogor Botanical Gardens
Authors: Weber Andreas , Wille Robert-Jan
Published: January 2025

Contributors to this theme issue examine the history of the life sciences at the Botanical Gardens in Bogor (Kebun Raya Bogor) in Indonesia. Each of the essays in this theme issue, focusses on a major transformation which the garden, its networks, and staff underwent in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Next to summarizing individual contributions, this introductory essay familiarizes readers with more recent scholarship in the field. Taken together, our theme issue suggests that the practice of the life sciences at the Gardens can be best analyzed as the outcome of historical processes of coordination and competition in which different disciplines, communities, networks not only in insular Southeast Asia but also other parts of the world played a formative role.