bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on Slow and Fast Growing Chicken Varieties Physicochemical Qualities
Authors: Katekhaye Anita
Published: August 2019

India is the fourth largest chicken producer after China, Brazil, and the USA. The per capita consumption of chicken has gone up from 400 gm to 2.5 kg per year, and human nutritionists recommend 10 kg chicken per year. To feed billions of Indian population, there is a lot of scope for the chicken industry to enhance the production. At the same time, many studies revealed that genotype significantly affects functional properties as well as the nutritional characteristics of chicken. The fast-growing chicken strains appear to be more attractive both for industrial and consumer use whereas from a nutritional point of view meat from slow growing chicken strains appears healthier (less fat and higher content of n-3 PUFA) and thus might better fit with the consumer's prospect. In acceptability for meat quality, slow growing chicken showed the better sensory quality of the chicken breast meat. Thus, for the demand of customer's for the higher quality of chicken meat, it is suggested to use slow growing chicken in alteration to fast-growing broilers. This review deals with the effects of genotypes (slow growing and fast growing broilers) on physicochemical and organoleptic traits of chicken.
Stem Gall of Coriander: A Review
Authors: Leharwan Munish , Gupta Meenu
Published: August 2019

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an important highly nutritive crop belonging to family Apiaceae. To meet increasing global demand and consumption, coriander productivity must be enhanced. However, biotic stresses such as diseases have impeded coriander cultivation both in the tropics and subtropics. Of them, stem gall of coriander, incited by the fungus Protomyces macrosporus Unger, is one of the most common, widespread and serious diseases throughout the world and causes significant yield losses. Symptomatology, biology, and etiology of stem gall and its control through fungicides, bio-product and bio-control have not been widely studied, and substantial information is still required on the inoculum potential, growth models and epidemiological parameters of stem gall, the influence of changing the climate, impact of extensive use of fungicides and disease resistance. These critical factors may influence the development and emergence of stem gall. Because of the increasing demands of coriander in the world, control of stem gall is gaining importance. The present review deals briefly with different aspects of stem gall disease with major emphasis on its ecology, pathology, epidemiology, and management. Some new approaches such as biological control, integrated management strategies, and some other aspects are also discussed.
Nitrogen management in Soybean: A Review
Authors: Bhangu Ritu , Virk Harpreet Kaur
Published: August 2019

Soybean (Glycine max) is a leguminous crop grown worldwide for its dual qualities viz. high protein and oil content. It contains about 40-42% protein and 20-22% oil and is one of the major cash crop of rainy season.The plant growth parameters like plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation of soybean increased with application of nitrogen from 30-80 kg N ha-1. Nodule number and nodule dry weight increased with application of 40 kg N ha-1and decreased afterwards whereas, yield and yield attributes of soybean increased with the application of nitrogen upto 100 kg ha-1. Application of nitrogen from 40-80 kg N ha-1as basal dose resulted in increase in protein content. The split application of nitrogen as basal and at reproductive stages also resulted in increase in protein content. However, oil content decreased with increasing level of nitrogen. The oil content increased with application of nitrogen upto 40 kg N ha-1. Application of nitrogen also improved soil properties like organic carbon, available NPK and saturated hydraulic conductivity.
Evaluation of combined effect of micronutrients and rhizobial inoculation on mungbean productivity
Authors: . Monika , . Priyanka , Yadav Rajesh , . LeelaWati
Published: August 2019

Micronutrients play an important role in increasing yield of pulses and oilseed legumes through their effects on the plant itself and on the nitrogen fixing symbiotic process. Indian soils have become deficient not only in major plant nutrients like (NPK) but also scarce in some micronutrients like zinc, iron, molybdenum and boron. These situations suggest the need of application of micronutrients along with biofertilizers under intensive cultivation of legumes as it is directly involved in biological nitrogen fixation through nitrogenase enzyme activity. In the present research investigation, different micronutrients iron, molybdenum and their combination in the form of ferrous sulphate, ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulphate+ammonium molybdate @2.0, 2.0 and 2.5 kg/h are added into micronutrient deficient soil for plant growth promotion of mungbean under pot house condition. Among various treatments, ammonium molybdate application (@2.0kg/h along with rhizobial isolate HSR1 and PSB increases nodulation(28.6%), plant biomass (18.5%), seed yield (41%) as compared to sole application of biofertilizer.
Effect of water and nitrogen levels on yield attributes, water productivity and economics of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in hot arid region
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Pareek N. K. , Rathore V. S. , Nangiya Vinay , Yadava N. D. , Yadav R. S.
Published: August 2019

A field experiment was conducted at research farm, Agricultural Research Sub-Station, Hanumangarh, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan during Kharif, 2016 to study the effect of water and nitrogen levels on yield attributes, water productivity and economics of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.].Cluster bean variety RGC-1055 with seed rate of 16 kg/ha was planted using 3 levels of irrigation (100, 200 and 300 mm) and 4 level of nitrogen (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) and analyzed in split plot design with three replication. Results showed that irrigation at 200 mm significantly increased number of pods/plant (44.7), number of seeds/pod (7.8), test weight (28.7g), net returns (Rs 31179/ha) and B:C ratio (2.1) over 100 mm irrigation level.However, water productivity (0.25 kg m-3) was highest at 100 mm irrigation level. Nitrogen level at 40 kg/ha significantly increased number of pods/plant (48.3), number of seeds/pod (8.4), test weight (32.2 g), net returns (Rs.32273/ha), B:C ratio (2.12) and water productivity (0.27 kg m-3) over no application of N.
Gelişimsel Psikopatoloji: Ruh Sağlığına Disiplinlerarası Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: MORSÜNBÜL Ümit , KAÇIRA Esma Nur , ÖZDEMİR Şeyma
Published: August 2019

Günümüzde
ruh sağlığı bozukluklarının değerlendirilmesinde tek yönlü bakış açılarının
yerini, çok yönlü disiplinler arası bakış açılarının almaya başladığı görülmektedir.  Bozuklukları, çok yönlü inceleyen
yaklaşımlardan biri de gelişimsel psikopatolojidir. Bu gözden geçirme
çalışmasında gelişimsel psikopatoloji yaklaşımının nasıl tanımlandığı, temel
ilkeleri ve farklı konuları ele alırken nasıl bir bakış açısı sağladığı ile
ilgili literatür aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak gelişimsel
psikopatoloji yaklaşımı; ruh sağlığı bozukluklarının tanımlanması, önlenmesi ve
tedavi edilmesi konusunda hala yeni bakış açıları sağladığı gibi, ruh sağlığı
alanında çalışan uzmanlara da hem akademik hem de klinik ortamda büyük ışık
tutmaktadır.
La ciudad y la estética: siete maneras de pensar la belleza = City and aesthetics: seven ways to think beauty
Authors: González Moratiel Sara
Published: August 2019

Conscientes de la complejidad que supone adentrase en juicios sobre la calidad del paisaje urbano especialmente para una sociedad, como la actual, altamente desvinculada de su medio habitado, el trabajo de tesis doctoral precisó una revisión teórica sobre el papel heredado de la belleza en la formación histórica de las ciudades europeas. Dicho trabajo de investigación es el que aquí se presenta. En él se tratan las cuestiones de definición del concepto de belleza así como sus mutaciones en el plano teórico en paralelo al valor de “lo bello” en la ciudad desde finales de la Edad Media hasta la época contemporánea. Debido al carácter diverso de la belleza, las reflexiones se estructuran en un “espacio de pensamiento” entorno a siete categorías estéticas consideradas por Tatarkiewicz como variedades de belleza. Estas son: la aptitud, el ornamento, la atracción, la gracia, la sutileza, la sublimidad y el concepto de belleza dual. Mediante ejemplos históricos narrativos del espacio público (principalmente de plazas) según dichas categorías estéticas, se concluye que, ya sea desde su concepción amplia (sensu largo) o limitada (stricto sensu), la belleza ha ido acompañando a la formación histórica de las ciudades, al menos, en estos últimos ocho siglos.Abstract:Aware of the complexity involved in entering into judgments about the quality of the urban landscape especially for a society, such as the current one, highly disconnected from its inhabited environment, the doctoral thesis work required a theoretical review on the inherited role of beauty in training historic of European cities. This research work is the one presented here. It deals with the questions of definition of the concept of beauty as well as its mutations in the theoretical plane in parallel to the value of "the beautiful" in the city from the end of the Middle Ages to the contemporary era. Due to the diverse nature of beauty, the reflections are structured in a "space of thought" around seven aesthetic categories considered by Tatarkiewicz as varieties of beauty. These are: fitness, ornament, attraction, grace, subtlety, sublimity and the concept of dual beauty. Through historical narrative examples of public space (mainly squares) according to these aesthetic categories, it is concluded that, whether from its broad conception (long sensu) or limited (stricto sensu), beauty has been accompanying the historical formation of cities, at least, in these last eight centuries.
A PRESENÇA AUSENTE
Authors: De Aguiar Gracielle Almeida , Burgardt Breno Freitas
Published: August 2019

Se o absentismo é relativamente fácil de ser medido - basta calcular o número de horas de ausência do trabalho para os funcionários e deduzir assim as perdas em termos de produtividade e lucro operacional (em empresas privadas) – o presenteísmo é bem mais difícil de ser definido. Pretendeu-se conhecer a produção científica acerca do presenteísmo voltado para o ambiente do serviço público através de uma revisão integrada de produções científicas utilizando a base de dados LILACS, tendo como palavra-chave o termo “presenteísmo” encontrando-se assim cinco resultados publicados entre os anos 2010 a 2016, sendo que três deles publicados como dissertação de mestrado e outros dois como artigos científicos. Ressalta-se que há poucos estudos acerca do tema proposto, visto que das publicações encontradas três delas eram voltadas para área da Enfermagem e apenas uma dessas foi voltada para o serviço público. Então é de suma importância a continuidade de pesquisas acerca do presenteísmo no serviço público, pois o tema em questão possui poucos estudos no Brasil.
STARTUPS: DO NASCIMENTO AO CRESCIMENTO
Authors: Cunha Filho Marcio Augusto Lassance , Dos Reis Alessandro Paes , Zilber Moisés Ari
Published: August 2019

Este artigo tem como proposta o desenvolvimento de quadro teórico para orientação de pesquisas que envolvam os ciclos de vida das startups. Definidas como empresas que iniciam sua atuação a partir de uma fraca posição de mercado e com poucos recursos, estes empreendimentos recebem atenção destacada em publicações acadêmicas e empresariais dada sua importância para o desenvolvimento e inovação de processos, produtos e serviços. Através de levantamento bibliográfico, o presente estudo visa a identificação de modelo convergente integrando propostas encontradas para os ciclos de inovação e desenvolvimento publicados em literatura acadêmica, com as fases definidas pelo Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas no Estado de São Paulo – SEBRAE-SP – usadas para orientação das startups desde seu nascimento até a fase de crescimento.

Palavras-chave: Startup; inovação; desenvolvimento
A ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA NO PROCESSO DE MATRICIAMENTO DA SAÚDE MENTAL NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Barros Alice Correia , Nascimento Kelly Cristina do , Silva Lucas Kayzan Barbosa da , Silva John Victor dos Santos
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva por meio de uma revisão da literatura através de trabalhos publicados que contenham descrições sobre a estratégia de saúde da família no processo de matriciamento em saúde mental. Esse processo envolveu algumas etapas como: a procura de estudos na literatura e sua avaliação crítica. A Reforma Psiquiátrica aponta para uma urgente articulação da saúde mental com a atenção básica na tentativa de superar o modelo de atenção fundado no modelo hospitalocêntrico e sendo substituído por um modelo de intervenção que privilegia a atenção integral e territorializada. A Estratégia de Saúde da Família constitui uma grande aliada nos cuidados ao sofrimento psíquico, pois pacientes com transtornos mentais leves podem ser cuidados e acompanhados na atenção básica. Diante disso, tornou-se relevante a seguinte pergunta: Qual o papel da estratégia de saúde da família no processo de matriciamento em saúde mental?
COMPOSIÇÃO DE CYANOBACTERIA PLANCTÔNICAS EM UM RESERVATÓRIO DE ABASTECIMENTO PÚBLICO, CEARÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Junior Adjuto Rangel , Dos Santos Rafael Henrique Luciano , Do Nascimento Karla Jaqueline , Rangel Anne Jussara , Cavalcante Fernanda Custódio , Libório Góes Maria Irismã , Lacerda Sírleis Rodrigues
Published: August 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho consistiu em caracterizar a composição de Cyanobacteria, no reservatório Olho D’Água, município de Várzea Alegre/CE, no sentido de obter informações da qualidade hídrica deste ambiente. Dados de pluviosidade e volume do reservatório foram extraídos do banco de dados da FUNCEME, e as amostras foram coletadas através de arrastos subsuperficiais com rede de plâncton (20μm) em um trecho delimitado frente à parede do reservatório em dois períodos amostrais: setembro/novembro de 2015 (seco) e janeiro/março (chuvoso) de 2016. O material foi acondicionado em frascos de polietileno, preservado com formol a 4%, posteriormente aconteceram as etapas de identificação por microscopia óptica e bibliografia especializada. O total de chuvas precipitado no município foi de 1687,6 mm, exibindo uma sazonalidade marcante, com os maiores valores de volume de armazenamento do reservatório estando condicionado ao período chuvoso. A composição de Cyanobacteria mostrou-se constituída por 36 táxons, na qual estão distribuídos em três ordens e oito famílias sendo Merismopediaceae a família mais representativa durante o estudo (28%). A maior riqueza de espécies foi registrada durante os meses de chuva, táxons potencialmente tóxicos como Aphanocapsa, Planktolyngbya, Synechocystis, Aphanotece apresentaram-se de forma muito frequente e frequente durante este estudo.
DECOMPOSIÇÃO DE DETRITOS FOLIARE DECOMPOSIÇÃO DE DETRITOS FOLIARES DE CALOPHYLLUM BRASILIENSE CAMBESS E CARINIANA RUBRA GARDNER EX MIERS EM UM CÓRREGO E SOLO DA ZONA RIPÁRIA NO BIOMA CERRADO
Authors: Neto Diogo Januario da Costa , Gloria Elane Costa , Marques Anelise Kappes , Silva Jéssica Barros de Aguiar , De Morais Paula Benevides , Belmont Enide Luciana
Published: August 2019

A decomposição da matéria orgânica é uma função ecológica que disponibiliza energia para os ecossistemas, sendo desempenhada, em parte, por comunidades fúngicas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo mensurar o percentual de decomposição foliar após 75 dias de incubação em água e solo, além de quantificar as populações e biomassa fúngicas colonizadores dos detritos de duas espécies vegetais, sendo uma nativa de vegetação ripária e uma exótica. Folhas de Cariniana rubra (Jequitibá) nativa na área de estudo, e de Calophyllum brasiliense (Guanandi), que ocorre em ecossistemas de floresta inundada, foram coletadas, secas, armazenadas em litter bags e incubadas em triplicatas por um período de 75 dias, no solo de uma floresta ripária e no fundo de um córrego de primeira ordem. Após a incubação, as folhas foram processadas em laboratório para análises de contagem de unidades formadoras de colônia, quantificação da biomassa fúngica e perda de massa. Os resultados indicam que a contagem de UFC foi maior nas amostras incubadas na água que em solo, mas a riqueza de morfotipos foi maior em solo. A biomassa fúngica diferiu entre folhas incubadas em solo e água para ambas as espécies vegetais, e ambas espécies a taxa de decomposição foi média.

Palavras-chave:  Biomassa fúngica; contagens de fungos; coeficiente de decomposição; liteira
PERFIL DOS CARGOS COMISSIONADOS NO MINISTÉRIO DA CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E INOVAÇÃO
Authors: HALIK ALINE ROBERTA , Delgado Joedson de Souza
Published: August 2019

Entendendo a importância de realizar uma análise do perfil dos cargos comissionados no Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI), o estudo tem como objetivo apresentar e conhecer  a estrutura dos 279 cargos DAS, de livre nomeação e exoneração deste órgão. Esses cargos estão divididos em 6 níveis, do DAS-1 ao DAS-6, e conta também com uma NE que pertence ao secretário executivo e 35 funções FG.  Foi realizada uma análise do perfil dos ocupantes de cargos no MCTI, qual o volume de DAS existe no órgão e disposição dentro dos níveis de DAS existentes e posteriormente foi feita uma investigação sobre a proporção servidores que ocupam  cargos no MCTI que tem filiação partidária. Os resultados mostram que em média 71% dos ocupantes desses cargos DAS no MCTI  são servidores de carreira,  e também  mostraram que média do DAS-1 ao 3 se restringe a no máximo 20% e com análise dos ocupantes com filiação a partidos políticos, mas quando se analisa os cargos de alto escalão (DAS 4 ao 6) verifica-se que esse valor fica próximo a 25%, mostrando um aumento de ocupantes que tem filiação partidária. A análise também mostrou que o  total de DAS 4 é maior que o 3 no MCTI.

Palavras-Chave: Cargos em comissão, Funções de confiança, Eficiência.
Application of GUT Matrix in the assessment of pathological manifestations in heritage constructions
Authors: Braga Isaías Carlos , Brandão Francisco da Silva , Ribeiro Francisco Roger Carneiro , Diógenes Aldecira Gadelha
Published: August 2019

The present paper presents the application of GUT (Gravity, Urgency, Tendency) Matrix methodology as a tool in the assessment of pathological manifestations in buildings. Three heritage constructions of the historic center of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil were studied through in situ inspections, photographic records and elaboration of the damage map. The GUT Matrix was used as a tool to rank, in each building, priority levels for each damage in order to define their order of treatment. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the applied method can be used as a useful tool to manage the maintenance of buildings through prioritization of the most significant problems and, to contribute directly to the preservation and safety of the built historical heritage.
Natural additive (nopal mucilage) on the electrochemical properties of concrete reinforcing steel
Authors: Díaz Blanco Yohandry , Menchaca Campos Elsa Carmina , Rocabruno Valdés Carolin Ivette , Uruchurtu Chavarín Jorge
Published: August 2019

In this investigation the effect of Nopal mucilage on the electrochemical properties of concrete was evaluated. Three concentrations of this additive were designed with a Nopal-water ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. Compressive tests were performed after 28 days of curing. Specimens were evaluated for 270 days through various electrochemical techniques such as: Open Circuit Potential (OCP), Electrochemical Noise (EN) and Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR). Results indicate a decrease in compressive resistance in samples with Nopal mucilage at 28 days. The onset of steel corrosion was delayed and the corrosion rate was lower for samples with Nopal mucilage. The conservation and storage of this additive before being used in concrete can be a challenge to analyze.
Tela’ah Terhadap Metode dan Validitas Tafsir Esoterik (Isyari)
Authors: Zumrodi Zumrodi
Published: August 2019

This article aims to examine the methods and validity of esoteric interpretations in studying the Qur'an. The Qur'an is the last book revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. contained in various aspects of the teachings, both concerning aspects of faith, worship, mu'amalah and morals. The various teachings in the Qur'an are mentioned globally. Therefore, a method is needed to know these teachings. In understanding the Qur'an, it can be reached through the bi al-Ma'tsur, bi al-Ma'qul and bi al-Isyari (esoteric) methods. This bi al-Isyari method has its own uniqueness, because the Islamic interpretation is a spiritual interpretation. Thus, the Islamic or esoteric interpretation also requires a spiritual method, namely through Tazkiyatunnafsi, concentrating on reading the Qur'an with tadabbur, tafakkur, tadzakkur and tayaqqudh. The results of the analysis show that esoteric interpretation is considered valid if it fulfills four requirements, namely not contrary to the shari'ah, does not conflict with the final meaning, is not so far away and the interpreter does not claim that his interpretation is the only valid interpretation.
Tipologi Pemahaman Penganut Tarekat di Kota Pontianak terhadap Shalat
Authors: Gitosaroso Muh
Published: August 2019

Today, the understanding of prayer and the practice of its implementation are still underestimated by some Muslims. Many who perform prayers but do not interpret the essence of prayer. And in this study the objects that were focused were the tarekat groups located in Pontianak City and its surroundings. This study aims to reveal the perspective of congregation congregation regarding understanding, practice and tips for special prayer 'in the performance of the prayers performed. In this study the method used to uncover these aspects is a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach supported by field data in the form of written interviews, observations and documentation. The analytical method used in this study is a qualitative approach. Based on the results of the study concluded, that basically congregation or adherents of the tarekat have some differences in understanding the meaning of prayer, practices and tips for special prayer. But even though they are different in some ways, they are also the same for other things.
Resiliensi Korban Cyberbullying
Authors: Andriani Faricha
Published: August 2019

Majunya teknologi dan informasi di jaman modern ini tidak hanya memberikan efek yang baik pada generasi muda. Akan tetapi juga memberikan dampak yang kurang baik. Kurang bijaknya dalam penggunaan teknologi mampu menjadikan media sebagai sarana kekerasan dan pembully-an, atau lebih dikenal dengan cyberbullying. Cyberbullying memberikan dampak yang lebih ekstrem di bandingkan dengan traditional bullying, karena dalam kasus ini, korban tidak dapat memberikan perlawanan dan lebih menekan psikis korban. Jadi perlu adanya penanganan khusus pada korban sehingga korban mampu berinteraksi kembali dengan lingkungannya atau yang lebih dikenal dengan resiliensi. Pada artikel ini diharapkan mampu memberikan beberapa alternative metode terapi baik secara umum maupun metode sufistik, serta memberikan pemahaman pada resiliensi korban cyberbullying dalam perspektif psikologis maupun keislaman.
The SSIM index is not a metric and it is badly evaluate the similarity of images
Authors: Starovoitov V. V.
Published: August 2019

The article explored some properties of a very popular feature of image structural similarity, called the SSIM index. According to https://scholar.google.com, the article [3], where it was first described, has made more than 20,800 citations during the last 14 years. This indicator is actively used by the scientific community in imaging research. It acquired the status of an unofficial international standard for assessing image quality in the presence of a template, often referred to as the image quality metric. This article debunks some of the myths that have arisen around this index. A theorem is proved which states that the SSIM index and any of its linear transformations are not metric functions. In many publications and in the Matlab application software package in the description of the SSIM function, it is said that the SSIM index is used to measure the image quality. However, this index, as well as any comparison function with a reference image (such as full-reference), in principle, cannot assess the quality of the analyzed images. They estimate only a certain degree of similarity between the template image and its distorted copy. The article also shows that the SSIM index cannot always correctly determine the similarity of images of the same scene, while the Pearson linear correlation coefficient makes it much faster and more accurate.
Simulation of the analogue interface for remote measurements
Authors: Kuzmych L. V. , Ornatskyi D. P. , Kvasnikov V. P.
Published: August 2019

This work is aimed at finding possibilities for increasing the accuracy of measurements and interfering analog interfaces for remote measurements using resistive strain gauges by introducing a new structural scheme, which is shown on the Fig. 1. It shows us the Schematic of the electrical functional analog interface for remote measurement using multiplexer and resistive strain gauges, which contains a measuring chain, a transmitter, the input of which is connected to a DC source through an analog demultiplexer, and the outputs of the measuring chain through the analog multiplexer are connected to the measuring amplifier, and a two-channel analog-digital converter with simultaneous sampling. The measuring chain is made in the form of three resistive current dividers, where one divider is formed by a resistive strain gauge and adjusting resistor, and two others – exemplary resistors.

By introducing a new structural scheme, it will be possible to increase the accuracy of measurements and impedance of analog interfaces for remote measurements using resistive strain gauges. In this case, unlike the classical method of model measures, this method is distinguished by the «indistinguishability» of the measuring line, which makes it possible to compensate for a greater number of influential factors, in particular, the correlated noise of operational amplifiers and noise caused by the presence of the overall ground loop, the resistance of analogue switches and lines of communication.

At the Fig. 2 we can see the electric model of the measuring channel in the software Elektronic Workbench.

From the analysis of the simulation results it was found that the random additive component of the error would dominate. Since in the simulation of the only random component of the error there is a quantization error, the use of the differential method of measuring the output voltage will significantly improve the metrological characteristics.
Study of local assessments of contrast for digital images
Authors: Golub Y. I. , Starovoitov F. V.
Published: August 2019

The article study notion of the digital image contrast. Various quantitative estimates of the contrast of digital images are investigated. Comparative experimental studies of different contrast estimates were performed on two standard image databases. It is shown that the evaluation of contrast by calculating the arithmetic average or MSE values of a set of local estimates does not always coincide with the visual contrast assessment. Experimental results showed that the Weibull distribution shape parameter is a more accurate estimate of the set of local contrast estimates calculated by the BEGH, GORD, LOEN functions and correlates well with the visual contrast estimates.
EDUCAÇÃO RIBEIRINHA E AS DIFERENTES POSSIBILIDADES DE CONTEXTUALIZAR O ENSINO DAS CIÊNCIAS NO LUGAR DE VIDA:DEBATES E REFLEXÕES/ Education Ribeirinha and the different possibilities of contexting the teaching Of Sciences in the Place of Life
Authors: Silva de Melo Hugo Levy , Greco Roberto
Published: August 2019

O ensino das ciências tem grande potencial para incluir as pessoas em um mundo repleto de informações e descobertas, mas perde-se no âmbito escolar quando não atende as necessidades do aluno; gerando desinteresse por não compreender a importância da ciência no seu espaço de vida. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a articulação entre o ensino das ciências e os saberes preexistentes na história de vida dos estudantes ribeirinhos; tendo em vista que acreditamos ser um grande equívoco pensar o ensino das ciências apenas nos moldes tradicionais, que desconsidere os conhecimentos e saberes prévios dos alunos. O estudo nos permitiu perceber, a necessidade de abrir espaços de diálogos de desconstrução e assim construir coletivamente uma proposta curricular multicultural e multidimensional para abarcar  os saberes vividos e praticados, no sentido de fortalecer a identidade cultural de cada estudante da escola ribeirinha de várzea, a partir do conhecimento do lugar de vida, oportunizando os mesmos a compreender melhor seu espaço, construindo e reconstruindo seus saberes dentro do laboratório natural que é a várzea.
TERRITORIALIDADES URBANO-RIBEIRINHAS: O SISTEMA TERRITORIAL PESQUEIRO DE PARINTINS,AM/ Urban-Riverine territorialities: the Parintins-AM´S fisheries Territorial System
Authors: Bartoli Estevan
Published: August 2019

Apresentando proposta metodológica sobre o Sistema Territorial Urbano-ribeirinho para análise do comportamento espacial da economia popular urbana de Parintins (AM), objetivamos demonstrar como o setor pesqueiro vem se reestruturando a partir do aumento da esfera de influência do fenômeno urbano e alterações morfológicas no crescimento da cidade. Reorganizados a partir da Colônia Z-17, pescadores adensam relações com o sistema territorial dominante relativo ao capital mercantil, gerando tensões em fragmentos do espaço intraurbano e alterações na abrangência das áreas que a atividade atinge. As territorialidades formadas pela interação entre os dois sistemas territoriais incidem em direitos desiguais de produção e ordenamento do território, conferindo a este sua definição clássica atrelada ao exercício de poder.
Development, Validation and Translation of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Automated External Defibrillator Training and Placement Bilingual Questionnaire
Authors: Chew Keng Sheng , Liaw Siew Yee , Zahedi Ahmad Zulkarnain Ahmad , Wong Shirly Siew Ling , Singmamae Nariman , Kaushal Dev Nath , Chan Hiang Chuan
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objectives:
The paper describes the development and translation of a questionnaire purported to measure (1) the perception of the placement strategy of automated external defibrillator, (2) the perception on the importance of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator (3) the perception on the confidence and willingness to apply these two lifesaving interventions as well as (4) the fears and concerns in applying these two interventions. For construct validation, iterative runs of exploratory factor analysis was performed using principal axis factoring and promax oblique rotation.

Results
Five factors with eigenvalue >1 were identified. Pattern matrix analysis showed that all items were loaded into the factors with pattern coefficient value >0.4. One item was subsequently removed as Cronbach’s alpha >0.9 which indicates redundancy. After removing the item, the Cronbach’s alpha values of all factors were still good, ranging from 0.8 to 0.9. Intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.831.
Prognostic Value of systemic inflammatory factors(NLR,LMR,PLR) and LDH in penile cancer
Authors: hu chen , Yu Bai , Jun Li , Guoyin Zhang , Libo Yang , Chengwei Bi , Bin Zhao , Yong Yang , Ruiqian Li , Hongyi Wu , Qilin Wang , Yang Qin
Published: August 2019

Background: Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC)represents an important public health problem for developing countries, the major prognostic factors in PSCC are Pathological subtype, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, depth of invasion and grade, these factors are hard to precisely obtain before the operation. Besides, intermediate-risk patients with clinically non-palpable inguinal lymph nodes , only about 30% of them are able to detect micro-metastases after ILND. That means the rest of patients approximately 70% have no benefit from ILND and suffered from the complications of surgery, so we hope to find some biomarkers that help us to predict the outcome before surgery and reflect the inguinal lymph nodes metastatic. Methods: A total of 349 consecutive patients of penile cancer at Yunnan cancer hospital in China between October 2002 and December2017. 225 was succeed to follow-up. According to the (AUROC) curve, we get the cut-off point, K-M analysis and multivariate logistic regression models and Bivariate correlations were used to detect the results. Results: Multivariate analysis reveal NLR, LMR, PLR was significant independent factors was associated with inferior OS; Only PLR was associated with inferior PFS; LDH was not associated with inferior OS and PFS. Anatomic stage and lymph node status remained significant for OS and PFS as NCCN and EAU Guidelines indicated；The tumor type and primary treatment was not significant for OS and PFS. In logistic regression analyses NLR, LMR, PLR was corresponded to N stage which divided into the Node-negative group and Node-positive groups, however the LDH was not associated with the N stage. However Kendall’s tau-b evaluated the correlations, NLR, LMR, PLR were weakly correlated to the N stage. Conclusions: NLR and LMR was significant independent factors for OS, PLR was significant independent factors both for OS and PFS. NLR, LMR, PLR was significant corresponded to N stage.
An integrative approach for high level production of glucuronoyl esterase in Pichia pastoris.
Authors: Conacher Cleo G. , García-Aparicio María , Coetzee Gerhardt , Zyl W.H. (Emile) van , Görgens Johann F.
Published: August 2019

Objective: The commercial availability of lignin-modifying and accessory enzymes is limited, which delays the investigation of their functionality and development of industrial applications. Glucuronoyl esterase (GE) has been shown to improve fractionation of lignin-carbohydrate complexes, yet no pure commercial enzyme preparations are available. To improve accessibility to this enzyme for emerging research, this study reports a simple and effective heterologous expression strategy, coupled with a methanol-free production protocol in a bioreactor for high-level production of GE. This strategy was further validated by production of cellobiose dehydrogenase, a lignocellulose degrading enzyme which is scarcely available at high cost. Results: The secreted recombinant enzymes were functionally produced in excess of levels previously reported for constitutive production (1489-2780 mg.L-1), and were secreted at moderate to high percentages of the total extracellular protein (51-94 %). The constant glycerol feed, implemented during fed-batch fermentation, lead to a decline in growth rate, and plateaued productivity. Tangential flow ultrafiltration was used to concentrate cell-free enzyme extracts 5-6-fold, in a two-step filtration process. This study describes a workable, cost-effective, and commercially scalable production strategy to improve the ease of GE-based research.
Insight into Blood Pressure Targets for Universal Coverage of Hypertension Services in Iran: The 2017 ACC/AHA versus JNC 8 Hypertension Guidelines
Authors: Mahdavi Mahdi , Parsaeian Mahboubeh , Mohajer Bahram , Modirian Mitra , Ahmadi Naser , Yoosefi Moein , Mehdipour Parinaz , Djalalinia Shirin , Rezaei Nazila , Haghshenas Rosa , Pazhuheian Forough , Madadi Zahra , Sabooni Mahdi , Razi Farideh , Samiee Siamak Mirab , Farzadfar Farshad
Published: August 2019

Background: We assessed and compared the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Iran under two hypertension guidelines; the 2017 ACC/AHA with an aggressive blood pressure target 130/80 mm Hg and commonly used guideline JNC8 with 140/90 mm Hg. We shed light on the implications of 2017 ACC/AHA for population subgroups and high risk individuals eligible for non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies.
Methods: Data were obtained from the Iran national STEPS 2016 study. Participants included 27 738 adults ≥25 years as a representative sample of Iranians. The logistic regression models with a survey design were used to examine the determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension.
Results: The prevalence of hypertension based on JNC8 was 29.9% (95% CI: 29.2-30.6), which soared to 53.7% (52.9-54.4) by 2017 ACC/AHA. Awareness, treatment, and control were 59.2% (58.0-60.3), 80.2% (78.9-81.4), and 39.1% (37.4-40.7) based on JNC8, which dropped to 37.1% (36.2-38.0), 71.3% (69.9-72.7), and 19.6% (18.3-21.0) respectively by 2017 ACC/AHA. By new guideline, adults 25-34 years had the largest increase in prevalence (from 7.3% to 30.7%). They also had the lowest awareness and treatment rate but the highest control rate (36.5%) among age groups. Compared with JNC8, under 2017 ACC/AHA, 24%, 15%, 17%, and 11% more individuals with dyslipidaemia, high triglyceride, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events respectively fell into the hypertensive category. Yet, based on 2017 ACC/AHA, 68.2% of individuals falling into hypertensive group were supposed to receive medications (versus 95.7% in JNC8). LDL cholesterol, physical activity, and one unit of Body Mass Index were found to change blood pressure by -3.56 (-4.38, -2.74), -2.04 (-2.58, -1.50), and 0.48 (0.42, 0.53) mm Hg respectively.
Conclusions: Switching from JNC8 to 2017 ACC/AHA highlighted sharp increases in prevalence and drastic declines in awareness, treatment, and control in Iran. By the 2017 ACC/AHA, more young adults and those with chronic comorbidities fell into the hypertensive category, thus might benefit from earlier interventions such as lifestyle modifications. The low control rate among treated individuals calls for a critical review of hypertension services in Iran.
Translation and validation of the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) into Sinhala Language in Sri Lanka
Authors: Patabendige Malitha , Palihawadana Thilina S , Herath Rasika P , Wijesinghe Prasantha S
Published: August 2019

Introduction

The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) was initially produced to assess women’s perceptions regarding their first birth experience. A robust validated instrument to evaluate first birth experience is currently lacking in Sri Lankan obstetric practice.

Objectives

Main objectives of our study were to adapt the CEQ among Sri Lankan Sinhala speaking women and to determine the psychometric properties of CEQ. This would yield an opportunity to evaluate childbirth experience among our women.

Method

Validation study was carried out by translating the English CEQ into Sinhala language following standard methodology comprising of forward and back translation. Total of 390 postpartum women were recruited through convenience sampling method at University Unit, North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka, from February 2017 to January 2018. Initially CEQ was given to be completed four weeks after delivery and again two weeks postnatal. Mothers were asked to post the completed CEQ. Face validity was tested among twenty-five postnatal mothers and with seven labour ward staff members. Psychometric properties; internal consistency and validity of the CEQ were evaluated. Known-groups validation was used for construct validity.

Results

A total of 226 (57.9%) of the recruited postnatal mothers completed the CEQ after one month postpartum. Face validity in Sri Lankan sample was demonstrated with all participants stating that CEQ was easy to understand and complete. Internal consistency was acceptable for the overall score (0.85) and for all four domains in CEQ (0.65, 0.80, 0.70, 0.83 for “own capacity”, “professional support”, “perceived safety” and “participation”, respectively). Women with spontaneous onset of labour (except for “professional support” in women with spontaneous onset of labour) and women with a normal delivery showed significantly higher CEQ scores. However, oxytocin augmentation could not yield a difference in CEQ scores. A weighted kappa of 0.61-0.80 for all 22 items in CEQ demonstrated a good test-retest reliability.

Conclusions

This study shows that Sinhala version of CEQ can be used as a reliable and valid tool of childbirth experience among Sri Lankan Sinhala speaking women.
Burden of Talaromyces marneffei infection in people living with HIV/AIDS in Asia during ART era: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Yuanyuan , Huang Xiaojie , Chen Hui , Liu Xinchao , Li Yao , Hou Jianhua , Li Aixin , Chen Yaokai , Yan Xiaofeng
Published: August 2019

Background： Talaromyces marneffei (TM) is a dimorphic fungus mainly prevalent in Southeast Asian countries, which often causes disseminated life-threatening infection. TM infection often occurs in HIV/AIDS patients even in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. However, there has not been a systematic analysis of the prevalence of TM infection in HIV-infected populations in Asia. Methods：In this study, we searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang from inception to 21 November 2018 for studies reporting TM infection in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Our meta-analysis included studies investigating the prevalence of TM infection in PLWHA. Reviews, duplicate studies, and animal studies were excluded. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore potential factors for heterogeneity. Results： 159,064 patients with HIV infection in 33 eligible studies were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of TM infection in PLWHA was 4.0%. Vietnam had the highest prevalence (6.4%), followed by Thailand (3.9%), China (3.3%), India (3.2%) and Malaysia (2.1%). In China, TM infection was most prevalent in South China (15.0%), while the burden in Southwest China was not very heavy (0.3%). TM infection in PLWHA in lower latitude area was significantly more prevalent than that in higher latitude area (OR 2.838, 95%CI: 2.376-3.390, P<0.001). CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm3 increased the risk of TM infection in PLWHA (OR 12.68, 95%CI: 9.58-16.77). However, accessing ART did not significantly decrease the risk of TM infection in PLWHA.Conclusions： The burden of TM infection is heavy in Asia and varies from region to region. PLWHA in lower latitude areas are more likely to suffer from TM infection. Prophylaxis against TM should be given to HIV-infected people with low CD4 counts who is living in or has visited endemic areas.
Viral infection and glioma: a meta-analysis of prognosis
Authors: Cai Ze-Hao , Yang Shou-Bo , Li Xiao-Yan , Chen Feng , Li Wen-Bin
Published: August 2019

Background: Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor, occurring due to the carcinogenesis of glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Many aspects of the mechanism of its tumorigenesis remain unknown. The relationship between viral infection and glioma is one of the most important research aspects in this field. Currently, there is a lack of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate the effect of viral infection on the prognosis of glioma patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between viral infection and the prognosis of glioma patients, aimed at evaluating the prognostic value of the detection of viral infection.Method: Through careful and comprehensive retrieval of results from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, eligible articles were selected strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The regional sources, detection methods, detection indicators, patient survival, and other data from the samples in the papers were extracted, and the integrated analysis was conducted using Stata 15.1. We conducted a subgroup analysis of the relationship between the degree of infection and prognosis in cytomegalovirus (CMV) patients. Results: A total of 11 studies were included in the analysis. Among them, 7 studies involved the relationship between CMV infection and the prognosis of patients with glioma, 2 studies involved human papillomavirus (HPV), 2 studies involved human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), and one study involved simian virus 40 (SV40), woolly monkey sarcoma virus (WMSV) and human endogenous retrovirus K113 (HERV-K113). In the CMV study, the pooled Hazard ratio (HR) of Overall survival (OS) was 1.024 (CI: 0.698–1.501), with a P value of 0.905. The pooled HR of Progression free survival (PFS) was 1.067 (CI: 0.770–1.478), with a P value of 0.697. The pooled HR value of low-degree infection versus high-degree infection was 1.476 (CI: 0.799–2.727), with a P value of 0.213. In the HPV study, the pooled HR of OS was 1.467 (CI: 0.552–3.901), with a P value of 0.443. Conclusion: CMV infection has no significant effect on the prognosis of glioma patients. Using the IEA as the detection index, the degree of CMV infection was found to have a significant impact on the prognosis of glioma patients; it was not found to possess a significant prognostic value after the integration of different indicators. Neither HPV nor HHV-6 infection has a significant effect on the prognosis of glioma patients. SV40 and WMSV infection are associated with poor prognosis in patients with low-grade glioma.
Retrospective Analysis of Adverse Events of Continuous Interscalene Block Administered Using the Catheter-Over-Needle Method.
Authors: Tanizima Meisyu , Takechi Kenichi , Nakanishi Kazuo , Yorozuya Toshihiro
Published: August 2019

Purpose Continuous interscalene block is widely used for pain management in shoulder surgery. However, continuous interscalene block using the catheter-through-needle method reportedly causes adverse events, such as pericatheter leakage of the local anesthetic, phrenic nerve paralysis, and hoarseness. Because we expected the catheter-over-needle method to reduce those adverse events, we analyzed cases in which continuous interscalene block was administered using the catheter-over-needle method to determine when and what adverse events occurred.Methods We retrospectively reviewed anesthesia and medical records of adult patients who inserted the catheter with a continuous interscalene block administered with the catheter-over-needle method at our hospital from July 2015 to July 2017.Results During the surveillance period, 122 adult patients inserted the catheter with a continuous interscalene block administered using the catheter-over-needle method. We found no case of pericatheter local anesthetic leakage. Other adverse events—dyspnea, hoarseness, insufficient anesthetic effect, dizziness, cough reflex during drinking, or ptosis—were observed in 42 cases (34.4%). Most of the adverse events occurred on postoperative day 2. The median time between surgery and onset of the adverse event was 28.5 hours.Conclusions The catheter-over-needle method may prevent the pericatheter leakage of the local anesthetic. However, the number of other adverse events that occurred with continuous interscalene block was remarkable. During continuous interscalene block, patients must be observed carefully for adverse events, especially on postoperative day 2.