bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the thermal comfort performance of heating systems using a thermal manikin with human thermoregulatory control
Authors: Foda Ehab , Sirén Kai
Published: July 2014

The evaluation of the local thermal comfort and application of thermal manikins can further assist the design and selection of heating systems. This study aimed at evaluating the thermal comfort performance of different heating systems using a newly developed thermal manikin with an enhanced thermal control. The heating systems for a workstation, included a conventional radiator (convector) mounted under the window, heated floor in the occupied zone and an infrared heater mounted to the ceiling. The experiments were conducted in a test room with a façade attached to a climate chamber to simulate outdoor winter conditions. In these experiments, the supplied power for the different systems was kept constant to independently quantify the differences in their thermal comfort performance at same energy consumption. The thermal manikin was deployed in the occupied zone to evaluate the local and overall thermal comfort under each system using the equivalent temperature ( Teq) approach. The thermoregulatory control used in the manikin operation is based on a model of human thermoregulation that interacts accurately with the surrounding environment through real-time measurements. The results showed that at the same energy consumption of the different systems, the variations in local thermal comfort levels were up to 1 on the comfort scale.
Role of neuroimaging in management of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Chew Han Seng , Leyon Joe J , Sawlani Vijay , Senthil Latha
Published: July 2014

Traumatic brain injury is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK with substantial associated economic costs to the healthcare system. This article explores the role of neuroimaging in both acute and long-term management of traumatic brain injury patients. We discuss the indications for urgent cross-section imaging as well as radiological features of both primary insults and secondary injuries. The role of neuroimaging in guiding surgical therapy and monitoring post-operative traumatic brain injury patients has also been described. Following initial injury, traumatic brain injury patients can suffer from a wide variety of physical, social and psychological difficulties. New techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging in combination with conventional magnetic resonance imaging sequences may provide useful information in predicting long-term prognosis and guiding rehabilitation.
Monadology and ethnography: Towards a Tardian monadic ethnography
Authors: Marrero-Guillamón Isaac
Published: July 2014

This article outlines the project of a ‘monadic ethnography’ based on Gabriel Tarde’s monadology. Tarde’s key contention is that ‘everything is a society’, i.e. that the world is made up of composite and relational entities of infinitesimal complexity called monads. These assemblages of heterogeneous elements engaged in relations of mutual possession constitute the object of study of ‘monadic ethnography’. Their analysis, in turn, has a series of methodological and formal implications, including a transformation of concepts of scale, spatiality and temporality and the need to find representational strategies suitable for conveying the monads’ dynamic qualities. A fieldwork example which discusses the making of a car part in a small workshop based in the Can Ricart factory in Barcelona is provided. Throughout the article, the idea of ‘monadic ethnography’ is discussed in relation to the recent rediscovery of Tarde’s work, the work of Bruno Latour and Gilles Deleuze, and the so-called ‘ontological turn’ in the social sciences.
Delivering a Victim Impact Statement: Emotionally effective or counter-productive?
Authors: Lens Kim ME , Pemberton Antony , Brans Karen , Braeken Johan , Bogaerts Stefan , Lahlah Esmah
Published: July 2014

Although the delivery of a Victim Impact Statement (VIS) in court is assumed to contribute to the healing and recovery process of victims of violent crimes, its effectiveness to facilitate emotional recovery is widely debated. The current longitudinal study is the first to empirically examine the psychological effects of delivering a VIS in terms of the two most important emotional reactions after crime: anger and anxiety. It extends previous findings by showing that the debate concerning the effectiveness of delivering a VIS is not a ‘black and white’ matter. In this article, we argue that the question should not be whether delivering a VIS ‘works’ or ‘doesn’t work’ for the victim, but for whom, and under which conditions. We show that delivering a VIS does not give rise to direct ‘therapeutic’ effects. However, we found that feelings of anger and anxiety decrease for victims who experience more control over their recovery process and higher levels of procedural justice.
Did the “War on Women” Work? Women, Men, and the Birth Control Mandate in the 2012 Presidential Election
Authors: Deckman Melissa , McTague John
Published: July 2014

Using a nationally representative data set ( N = 3,000), the Public Religion Research Institute’s American Values Survey, we conduct multivariate regression analysis to determine the empirical impact of attitudes regarding the birth control mandate and abortion on presidential vote choice. We also conduct factor analysis to determine whether voters conceptualized the birth control mandate and abortion similarly. We find that support for the Obama administration’s birth control mandate was significantly related to voting for Obama for both women and men voters, although the impact was stronger for women. However, the impact of the “War on Women” rhetoric on voters’ choices was limited to the issue of insurance coverage for birth control rather than extending to the issue of abortion. Unlike attitudes about abortion, we find that voters conceptualized the birth control mandate less as a “culture war” issue and more as a “role of government” issue. Given this conceptualization of the mandate by voters, our findings reaffirm previous research that suggests that the gender gap in voting is largely driven by attitudinal differences regarding the role of government in providing social welfare benefits and equal opportunity for women.
Clinical Characterization of Mild Cognitive Impairment as a Prodrome to Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Authors: Belden Christine M. , Kahlon Vickram , Malek-Ahmadi Michael , Tsai Andrew , Sabbagh Marwan N.
Published: July 2014

Limited information regarding the specificity of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as it relates to dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) exists. Here, we summarize the clinical phenotype of MCI in clinically suspect DLB. Ten patients with a primary diagnosis of MCI and secondary diagnoses of DLB were identified. Patients underwent clinical neurological and neuropsychological evaluation that included application of McKeith criteria. We found parkinsonism and gait abnormality in 9 of the 10 patients; fluctuations in 8 of the 10; and hallucinations and dream enactment behavior in 5 of the 10. Of the 10 cases, 4 were classified as nonamnestic MCI and 6 were amnestic MCI. Of the 10 cases, 9 displayed executive and/or visuospatial dysfunction. Of the 10 cases, 6 have progressed to DLB. Progression of MCI to DLB is not dependent on memory impairment. The presence of core clinical features—parkinsonism and cognitive fluctuations—and predominant executive and visuospatial dysfunction ± memory impairment is suggestive of a prodromal DLB presentation.
Reflex Epilepsy Triggered by Smell
Authors: Ilik Faik , Pazarli Ahmet Cemal
Published: July 2014

Reflex epilepsies can be provoked by various types of external stimuli, but triggered by smell is rare in the literature. In this case report, we present a patient whose reflex epilepsy is triggered by smell. Physical examination findings and electrophysiologic studies of the patient are discussed.
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Watson Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Was the decision to selectively present evidence of commercial success too “clever by half”?
Authors: Rein Frederick H , Crystal Joseph B
Published: July 2014

In Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. et al. v. Watson Pharmaceuticals, Inc. et al. 713 F.3d 1369 (Fed. Cir. 2013), the Federal Circuit reversed the District Court's grant of summary judgment and found the asserted patent claims obvious in view of the cited prior art. Neither the Federal Circuit nor the District Court addressed the issue of commercial success despite the fact that the patentee had submitted evidence of commercial success in its opposition to Defendants' motion for summary judgment (but not in support of its own motion for summary judgment). This case report presents the decision of the District Court, the arguments made to the Federal Circuit by the parties and how the Federal Circuit addressed these issues.
Use of intravesical valrubicin in clinical practice for treatment of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer, including carcinoma in situ of the bladder
Authors: Cookson Michael S. , Chang Sam S. , Lihou Christine , Li Thomas , Harper Samira Q. , Lang Zhihui , Tutrone Ronald F.
Published: July 2014

Objectives:

The objective was to conduct a US multicenter, retrospective medical record study examining the effectiveness, safety, and patterns of use of valrubicin for treatment of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) by clinicians since the 2009 reintroduction of valrubicin.

Methods:

Patients ≥ 18 years with NMIBC who received had one or more instillations of valrubicin (October 2009– September 2011) were eligible. The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS). Safety and tolerability were also assessed.

Results:

The medical records of 113 patients met the inclusion criteria; 100 patients (88.5%) completed valrubicin treatment. The median age was 75 years (range 42–95 years). The median NMIBC duration was 31 months since diagnosis: 51.3% (58/113) had carcinoma in situ (CIS) alone, and 31.9% (36/113) had unspecified NMIBC. Most patients, 94.7% (107/113), had more than three valrubicin instillations and 70.8% (80/113) completed a full course. The EFS rate (95% confidence interval) was 51.6% (40.9–61.3%), 30.4% (20.4–41.1%), and 16.4% (7.9–27.5%) at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Median time to an event was 3.5 (2.5–4.0) months after the first valrubicin instillation. Local adverse reactions (LARs) were experienced by 49.6% (56/113) of patients; most LARs were mild (93.6%). The most frequent LARs were hematuria, pollakiuria, micturition urgency, bladder spasm, and dysuria. In total, 4.4% (5/113) of patients discontinued valrubicin because of adverse events or LARs.

Conclusions:

Data from the present retrospective study are consistent with previous prospective clinical trials that demonstrated valrubicin effectiveness and tolerability for select patients with CIS, before considering cystectomy. Additional prospective studies are warranted to evaluate valrubicin safety and efficacy in the broader patient population with NMIBC.
Group forum counselling for vasectomy: A consistent and cost-effective improvement in patient care
Authors: Roushias S , Jones P , Rajkumar V , Pandit A , Bailey D
Published: July 2014

Objective:

The objective of this article is to improve patient care pathways for vasectomy referrals by offering a group forum pre-operative education and consent process. This should prove more consistent and efficient than traditional outpatient appointments, resulting in a high standard of information provision, reduction in waiting times and cost savings.

Subjects/patients and methods:

All vasectomy referrals were offered a group counselling seminar with subsequent individual examination instead of a routine outpatient appointment. Patient satisfaction questionnaires were completed and analysed at the forum conclusion.

Results:

During the pilot, 38/40 patients opted for group-based counselling. Subsequent forums had provision to counsel, examine and consent 45 patients within one hour. Patient satisfaction survey scores were consistently high and 100% gave scores >8/10 in overall satisfaction. The wait from GP referral to consultation dropped by 61% from 23 to 9 weeks.

Conclusions:

There has been a significant reduction in waiting times to consultation and improved efficiency of care provision. Standardised quality information should minimise dissatisfaction and litigation based on poor pre-operative counselling. Satisfaction surveys indicate that there have been no detrimental effects to patient care. One-hour group clinical sessions are adaptable to flexible working hours which may feature increasingly within the NHS.
A Continuation of Sport Teams From an Organizational Perspective
Authors: Cranmer Gregory A.
Published: July 2014

Previous research suggests athletes’ leader–member exchanges (LMX) with coaches are associated with subsequent communication and relationships with coaches and teammates, as athletes with in-group relationships experience more prosocial outcomes than athletes without these relationships. Thus, the formation of in-group relationships is desirable, but extant literature has provided little insight into how coaches can foster these relationships. This study addressed this gap in literature by examining contextual and relational factors (i.e., coach enacted social support) as predictors of athletes’ perceptions of LMX with head coaches. A sample of 216 former high school athletes produced results that indicate both contextual factors and coach-enacted social support can be used to predict athletes’ perceptions of LMX—with starting status, emotional support, and esteem support being uniquely predictive. Overall, the model utilized in this study accounted for 65% of athletes’ perceptions with coach enacted social support accounting for 52% of these perceptions. The practical and theoretical implications are discussed within this article.
Magnetic shape memory effect and highly mobile twin boundaries
Authors: Heczko O.
Published: July 2014

The magnetic shape memory effect can be classified as an example of the multiferroic effect combining ferro-elasticity and (ferro)magnetism. After short overview of all known effects the focus is on magnetic field induced structure reorientation (MIR) in the martensite of Ni–Mn–Ga. In this material giant deformations of up to 12 have been observed in moderate magnetic fields. The phenomenology of the effect is first discussed and a model presented. The properties of Ni–Mn–Ga relevant to MIR are then considered. One necessary condition for MIR is a highly mobile twin boundary or interface between two differently oriented martensite variants (ferroelastic domains). In 10M modulated martensite, two types of mobile twin boundary (type I and type II) are observed with complex layered microstructures consisting of a hierarchy of twinning systems. The boundaries strongly differ according to the magnitude and temperature dependence of the twinning stress. Finally, the nature of these boundaries and their different behaviour is reviewed.
Glass polyalkenoate cements based on simple CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glasses
Authors: Tang H. M. , Shahid S. , Karpukhina N. , Law R. V. , Hill R. G.
Published: July 2014

Glass polyalkenoate/ionomer cements formed from reacting CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glasses with aqueous poly(acrylic acid) were investigated. Five glasses were investigated based on (1– X)CaO(1– X)Al2O3(2+2 X)SiO2 (0≤ X≤0·36) with varying Al/Si ratios. The cement properties were found to be highly dependant on the Al/Si ratio of the glass. The setting and working times of the cements decreased, while the compressive strength increased with Al/Si ratio. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that rate of set defined as change of the ratio of the carboxylate to carboxylic acid absorption bands up to first hour of the setting increased with increasing Al/Si ratio. 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) showed that the ratio of Al(VI)/Al(IV) in the cements increased with the Al/Si ratio of glass in presence of tartaric acid. The reactivity of these glasses increased with increasing Al/Si ratio consistently with the rate controlling role of acid hydrolysis of Al–O–Si bonds in the setting of the cements.
Influence of zirconium alloying layer on properties of TC11 alloy
Authors: Duan B. Z. , Zhang P. Z. , Wei X. F. , Wei D. B. , Jiang A. L.
Published: July 2014

Zirconium (Zr) alloying layer was formed in the TC11 surface by using the double glow plasma surface alloying technique. The microstructure, surface hardness and oxidation resistance of the alloying layer were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, respectively. The results showed that the alloying layer consisted of a compact and homogeneous Ti–Zr mutual diffusion layer, and the surface alloying elements all displayed gradient distributions. The zirconium alloying layer enhanced the surface hardness by solution strengthening. The improvement of TC11 oxidation resistance was due to the formation of compact and uniform oxide scales, which was consisted of ZrO2 as the major phase and TiO2 as the minor phase.
Microwave assisted in situ composite coating using metallic glass precursor
Authors: Arora H. S. , Grewal H. S. , Veligatla M. , Singh H. , Mukherjee S.
Published: July 2014

An in situ composite coating on pure aluminium substrate was prepared by novel microwave processing of iron based metallic glass powder precursor. The microstructure obtained after processing comprised of a molybdenum rich harder phase uniformly distributed in iron rich softer phase. The hardness and modulus of each phase were obtained by nanoindentation. Scratch test across the substrate coating indicated good interface strength and strong adhesion of the coating with the substrate.
Syndecan-3 is selectively pro-inflammatory in the joint and contributes to antigen-induced arthritis in mice
Authors: Kehoe Oksana , Kalia Neena , King Sophie , Eustace Andrew , Boyes Charlotte , Reizes Ofer , Williams Anwen , Patterson Angela , Middleton Jim
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Syndecans are heparan sulphate proteoglycans expressed by endothelial cells. Syndecan-3 is expressed by synovial endothelial cells of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients where it binds chemokines, suggesting a role in leukocyte trafficking. The objective of the current study was to examine the function of syndecan-3 in joint inflammation by genetic deletion in mice and compare with other tissues.

Methods

Chemokine C-X-C ligand 1 (CXCL1) was injected in the joints of syndecan-3−/−and wild-type mice and antigen-induced arthritis performed. For comparison chemokine was administered in the skin and cremaster muscle. Intravital microscopy was performed in the cremaster muscle.

Results

Administration of CXCL1 in knee joints of syndecan-3−/−mice resulted in reduced neutrophil accumulation compared to wild type. This was associated with diminished presence of CXCL1 at the luminal surface of synovial endothelial cells where this chemokine clustered and bound to heparan sulphate. Furthermore, in the arthritis model syndecan-3 deletion led to reduced joint swelling, leukocyte accumulation, cartilage degradation and overall disease severity. Conversely, CXCL1 administration in the skin of syndecan-3 null mice provoked increased neutrophil recruitment and was associated with elevated luminal expression of E-selectin by dermal endothelial cells. Similarly in the cremaster, intravital microscopy showed increased numbers of leukocytes adhering and rolling in venules in syndecan-3−/−mice in response to CXCL1 or tumour necrosis factor alpha.

Conclusions

This study shows a novel role for syndecan-3 in inflammation. In the joint it is selectively pro-inflammatory, functioning in endothelial chemokine presentation and leukocyte recruitment and cartilage damage in an RA model. Conversely, in skin and cremaster it is anti-inflammatory.
Outcome prediction in sepsis: Speckle tracking echocardiography based assessment of myocardial function
Authors: Orde Sam R , Pulido Juan N , Masaki Mitsuru , Gillespie Shane , Spoon Jocelyn N , Kane Garvan C , Oh Jae K
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a relatively novel and sensitive method for assessing ventricular function and may unmask myocardial dysfunction not appreciated with conventional echocardiography. The association of ventricular dysfunction and prognosis in sepsis is unclear. We sought to evaluate frequency and prognostic value of biventricular function, assessed by STE in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.

Methods

Over an eighteen-month period, sixty patients were prospectively imaged by transthoracic echocardiography within 24 hours of meeting severe sepsis criteria. Myocardial function assessment included conventional measures and STE. Association with mortality was assessed over 12 months.

Results

Mortality was 33% at 30 days (n = 20) and 48% at 6 months (n = 29). 32% of patients had right ventricle (RV) dysfunction based on conventional assessment compared to 72% assessed with STE. 33% of patients had left ventricle (LV) dysfunction based on ejection fraction compared to 69% assessed with STE. RV free wall longitudinal strain was moderately associated with six-month mortality (OR 1.1, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.02-1.26, p = 0.02, area under the curve, AUC, 0.68). No other conventional echocardiography or STE method was associated with survival. After adjustment (for example, for mechanical ventilation) severe RV free wall longitudinal strain impairment remained associated with six-month mortality.

Conclusion

STE may unmask systolic dysfunction not seen with conventional echocardiography. RV dysfunction unmasked by STE, especially when severe, was associated with high mortality in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. LV dysfunction was not associated with survival outcomes.
Determining a relationship between a newly forming sinkhole and a former dry stream using electric resistivity tomography and very low-frequency electromagnetics in an urban karst setting
Authors: Berglund James L. , Mickus Kevin , Gouzie Douglas
Published: July 2014

Sinkhole formation is an ongoing hazard for urban karst settings, compromising construction foundations, and accelerating groundwater pollution. In Springfield, Missouri, the uppermost exposed unit is the Burlington limestone, a carbonate bedrock which is susceptible to karst formation, including caves and sinkholes. This study site concerns a detention basin near a major highway interchange, in which a new sinkhole is forming. Electric resistivity, very low-frequency electromagnetics, and dye-tracing surveys were performed at this sinkhole to determine its subsurface extent and any relation to surface features. The low resistivity associated with the sinkhole and thin soil contrasts with the high resistivity of the underlying Burlington limestone. This contrast highlights a curvilinear trough of thicker soil, which correlates with a former intermittent stream and represents a stream channel, which was graded and filled during construction of the highway and basin. The newly formed sinkhole lies entirely within this former stream channel. This relationship between the sinkhole and stream provides useful insights into the effects of urbanization on sinkhole formation. Knowledge of these relationships allows urban managers to better understand the risk this sinkhole poses to major highways and public buildings in the area.
Suspicious young minds: paranoia and mistrust in 8- to 14-year-olds in the UK and Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Keri K. , Freeman Daniel , Hughes Claire
Published: July 2014

Background

Research on paranoia in adults suggests a spectrum of severity, but this dimensional approach has yet to be applied to children or to groups from different countries.

Aims

To investigate the structure, prevalence and correlates of mistrust in children living in the UK and Hong Kong.

Method

Children aged 8–14 years from the UK (n= 1086) and Hong Kong (n= 1412) completed a newly developed mistrust questionnaire as well as standard questionnaire measures of anxiety, self-esteem, aggression and callous–unemotional traits.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis of the UK data supported a three-factor model – mistrust at home, mistrust at school and general mistrust – with a clear positive skew in the data: just 3.4%, 8.5% and 4.1% of the children endorsed at least half of the mistrust items for home, school and general subscales respectively. These findings were replicated in Hong Kong. Moreover, compared with their peers, ‘mistrustful’ children (in both countries) reported elevated rates of anxiety, low self-esteem, aggression and callous–unemotional traits.

Conclusions

Mistrust may exist as a quantitative trait in children, which, as in adults, is associated with elevated risks of internalising and externalising problems.
Discharges to prison from medium secure psychiatric units in England and Wales
Authors: Doyle Michael , Coid Jeremy , Archer-Power Laura , Dewa Lindsay , Hunter-Didrichsen Alice , Stevenson Rachel , Wainwright Verity , Kallis Costas , Ullrich Simone , Shaw Jenny
Published: July 2014

Background

Early findings from a national study of discharges from 32 National Health Service medium secure units revealed that nearly twice as many patients than expected were discharged back to prison.

Aims

To compare the characteristics of those discharged back to prison with those discharged to the community, and consider the implications for ongoing care and risk.

Method

Prospective cohort follow-up design. All forensic patients discharged from 32 medium secure units across England and Wales over a 12-month period were identified. Those discharged to prison were compared with those who were discharged to the community.

Results

Nearly half of the individuals discharged to prison were diagnosed with a serious mental illness and over a third with schizophrenia. They were a higher risk, more likely to have a personality disorder, more symptomatic and less motivated than those discharged to the community.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that alternative models of prison mental healthcare should be considered to reduce risks to the patient and the public.
Patterns of fuel use during locomotion in mammals revisited: the importance of aerobic scope
Authors: Schippers Marie-Pierre , Le Moine Christophe M.R. , McClelland Grant B.
Published: July 2014

Fuel selection patterns during exercise are thought to be conserved among sea-level native mammals when intensity is expressed relative to maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max). However, this claim is based on data from only a few species larger than rats, and has never been tested statistically. Thus, we investigated fuel use in a small mammal (Mus musculus, CD-1 strain), and combined these with published data on rats, dogs, goats, and humans to evaluate the robustness of the mammalian fuel selection model. We found mice rely less on carbohydrates to power moderate intensity exercise at the same % VO2max than larger mammals. We suggest this difference is due to a decline in aerobic scope (O2 available for exercise above resting metabolism) as body size decreases. We propose a redefined fuel use model that reflects changes in fractional aerobic scope with body size. We find exercise defined as % aerobic scope is a better predictor of fuel use across a wide range of quadruped species from mice to dogs and to running humans.
Fine-tuned echolocation and capture-flight ofMyotis capacciniiwhen facing different sized insects and fish prey
Authors: Aizpurua Ostaizka , Aihartza Joxerra , Alberdi Antton , Baaøge Hans J. , Garin Inazio
Published: July 2014

Formerly thought to be a strictly insectivorous trawling bat, recent studies have shown that Myotis capaccinii also preys on fish. To determine if differences exist in bat flight behaviour, prey handling, and echolocation characteristics when catching fish and insects of different sizes, we conducted a field experiment focused on the last stage of prey capture. We used synchronized video and ultrasound recordings to measure several flight and dip features as well as echolocation characteristics, focusing on terminal buzz phase I, characterized by a call rate exceeding 100 Hz, and buzz phase II, characterized by a drop in the fundamental well below 20 kHz and a repetition rate exceeding 150 Hz. When capturing insects, bats used both parts of the terminal phase to the same extent, and performed short and superficial drags on the water surface. In contrast, when preying on fish, buzz I was longer and buzz II shorter, and the bats made longer and deeper dips. These variations suggest that lengthening buzz I and shortening buzz II when fishing is beneficial, probably because buzz I gives better discrimination ability and the broader sonar beam provided by buzz II is useless when no evasive flight of the prey is expected. Additionally, bats continued emitting calls beyond the theoretical signal-overlap zone, suggesting that they might obtain information even when they have surpassed that threshold, at least initially. This study shows that M. capaccinii can regulate the temporal components of its feeding buzzes and modify prey capture technique according to the target.
A combination of gyroscope and accelerometer for identifying alternative feeding behaviours in fish
Authors: Kawabata Yuuki , Noda Takuji , Nakashima Yuuki , Nanami Atsushi , Sato Taku , Takebe Takayuki , Mitamura Hiromichi , Arai Nobuaki , Yamaguchi Tomofumi , Soyano Kiyoshi
Published: July 2014

We examined whether we could identify the feeding behaviours of the trophic generalist fish Epinephelus ongus on different prey types (crabs and fish) using a data-logger that incorporated a 3-axis gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer. Feeding behaviours and other burst behaviours, including escape responses, intraspecific interactions, and routine movements, were recorded from six E. ongus individuals using data-loggers sampling at 200 Hz, and were validated by simultaneously recorded video images. For each data-logger record, we extracted 5 seconds of data when any of the 3-axis accelerations exceeded absolute 2.0 G, to capture all feeding behaviours and other burst behaviours. Each feeding behaviour was then identified using a combination of parameters that were derived from the extracted data. Using decision trees with the parameters, high true identification rates (87.5% for both feeding behaviours) with low false identification rates (5% for crab-eating and 6.3% for fish-eating) were achieved for both feeding behaviours.
Case Report: Expanding the tumour spectrum associated with the Birt-Hogg-Dubé cancer susceptibility syndrome
Authors: Benusiglio Patrick R. , Gad Sophie , Massard Christophe , Carton Edith , Longchampt Elisabeth , Faudot Tiffany , Lamoril Jérôme , Ferlicot Sophie
Published: July 2014

Patients with the Birt-Hogg-Dubé cancer susceptibility syndrome are at high risk of developing renal cell carcinoma, pulmonary cysts and pneumothorax, and skin lesions called fibrofolliculomas. Here we report the case of a Birt-Hogg-Dubé patient with a primary clear cell carcinoma of the thyroid (a very rare type of thyroid cancer), and FLCN loss of heterozygosity within the tumour, providing molecular evidence for this association. Our findings expand the tumour spectrum associated with this syndrome. It is paramount to identify individuals with Birt-Hogg-Dubé so that they, and subsequently their affected relatives, can benefit from tailored cancer screening and prevention.
Non-human lnc-DC orthologs encode Wdnm1-like protein
Authors: Dijkstra Johannes M. , Ballingall Keith T.
Published: July 2014

In a recent publication in Science, Wang et al. found a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expressed in human dendritic cells (DC), which they designated lnc-DC. Based on lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) experiments in human and murine systems, they concluded that lnc-DC is important in differentiation of monocytes into DC. However, Wang et al. did not mention that their so-called “mouse lnc-DC ortholog” gene was already designated “Wdnm1-like” and is known to encode a small secreted protein.  We found that incapacitation of the Wdnm1-like open reading frame (ORF) is very rare among mammals, with all investigated primates except for hominids having an intact ORF. The null-hypothesis by Wang et al. therefore should have been that the human lnc-DC transcript might only represent a non-functional relatively young evolutionary remnant of a protein coding locus.  Whether this null-hypothesis can be rejected by the experimental data presented by Wang et al. depends in part on the possible off-target (immunogenic or otherwise) effects of their RNAi procedures, which were not exhaustive in regard to the number of analyzed RNAi sequences and control sequences.  If, however, the conclusions by Wang et al. on their human model are correct, and they may be, current knowledge regarding the Wdnm1-like locus suggests an intriguing combination of different functions mediated by transcript and protein in the maturation of several cell types at some point in evolution. We feel that the article by Wang et al. tends to be misleading without the discussion presented here.
Accelerating Regulatory Progress in Multi-Institutional Research
Authors: Paolino Andrea R. , Lauf Sherry L. , Pieper Lisa E. , Rowe Jared , Vargas Ileana M. , Goff Melissa A. , Daley Matthew F. , Tuzzio Leah , Steiner John F.
Published: July 2014

Purpose: Multi-institutional collaborations are necessary in order to create large
and robust data sets that are needed to answer important comparative effectiveness
research (CER) questions. Before scientific work can begin, a complex maze of
administrative and regulatory requirements must be efficiently navigated to avoid
project delays.Innovation: Staff from research, regulatory, and administrative teams
involved in three HMO Research Network (HMORN) multi-institutional collaborations
developed and employed novel approaches: to secure and maintain Institutional Review
Board (IRB) approvals; to enable data sharing, and to expedite subawards for two
data-only minimal risk studies. These novel approaches accelerated required processes
and approvals while maintaining regulatory, human subjects, and institutional
protections.Credibility: Outcomes from the processes described here are compared with
processes outlined in the research and regulatory literature and with processes that
have been used in previous multisite research collaborations.Conclusion and
Discussion: Research, regulatory, and administrative staff are essential contributors to
the success of multi-institutional collaborations. Their flexibility, creativity, and
effective communication skills can lead to the development of efficient approaches to
achieving the necessary oversight for these complex projects. Elements of these specific
strategies can be adapted and used by other research networks. Other efforts in these
areas should be evaluated and shared. The processes that help develop a “learning
research system” play an important and complementary role in sustaining
multi-institutional research collaborations.
Cutaneous Intravascular Natural Killer–Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Liu Yanli , Zhang Wen , An Jie , Li Hui , Liu Shuang
Published: July 2014

Objectives:

To our knowledge, since 2003, there have been 11 reported cases of intravascular natural killer (NK)–cell lymphoma (IVNKL). Herein we describe the 12th case.

Methods:

H&E and Envision immunohistochemical stains as well as in situ hybridization were used to study this disease in combination with review of the literature.

Results:

Half of the cases reported to date are from China and Taipei. The clinical manifestation of IVNKL is erythema in the limbs and trunk, although patients’ conditions have varied notably from each other. One-year survival rate is about 40%.

Conclusions:

IVNKL should be distinguished from extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (nasal type) and aggressive NK-cell leukemia. These three diseases have a similar phenotype and are all related to Epstein-Barr virus infection. However, the pathogenesis of similarities and differences needs further study. In particular, IVNKL is quite unusual. The treatment of IVNKL is difficult, and the prognosis is poor. Currently, IVNKL is not included in the World Health Organization classification subtypes and has been classified into NK/T-cell lymphoma (nasal type). However, in view of the unique characteristics of this disease, we propose that the diagnosis be independent, since this will facilitate further study of this disease.
Severity of Rhinovirus Infection in Hospitalized Adults Is Unrelated to Genotype
Authors: McCulloch Denise J. , Sears Marti H. , Jacob Jesse T. , Lyon G. Marshall , Burd Eileen M. , Caliendo Angela M. , Hill Charles E. , Nix W. Allan , Oberste M. Steven , Kraft Colleen S.
Published: July 2014

Objectives

To determine whether rhinovirus (RV) species is associated with more severe clinical illness in adults.

Methods

Seventy-two RV-positive viral respiratory samples from adult patients were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically after reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of the region spanning the VP4 gene and 5′ terminus of the VP2 gene. The clinical features and severity of illness associated with the different RV species were compared.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct clusters as RV-A (54%), B (11%), or C (35%) species. In an unadjusted model, patients with RV-B infection were significantly more likely to have the composite outcome variable of death or intensive care unit admission (P = .03), but this effect diminished when controlling for patient sex. A logistic model of the relationship between RV species and adverse outcomes produced nonsignificant odds ratios when controlling for patient sex.

Conclusions

Infection with RV-A or RV-B was associated with greater severity of illness in our adult population; however, the association disappeared after controlling for confounders.
Well-Differentiated Papillary Mesothelioma of the Peritoneum
Authors: Nasit Jitendra G. , Dhruva Gauravi
Published: July 2014

Objectives:

Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the peritoneum (WDPMP) is an uncommon subtype of epithelioid mesothelioma. Usually, WDPMP has a benign course, while a few patients have multiple recurrence and malignant transformation on long-term follow-up. The histology of WDPMP has been well studied compared with the cytology. Although accurate diagnosis is based only on histology and immunohistochemical stains, knowledge of the cytologic features of WDPMP in context with clinical and radiologic features is essential to predict a preoperative diagnosis and guide proper management, after excluding reactive mesothelial hyperplasia, malignant mesothelioma, and serous neoplasms of the ovaries and peritoneum. Surgical excision gives a favorable outcome.

Methods:

We describe a case of 28-year-old woman who sought treatment for chronic lower abdominal pain, dysuria, and dyspareunia.

Results:

Radiologic findings suggested multiple metastatic peritoneal deposits. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology showed many papillae, tubulopapillary and spheroid groups, monolayered pavement-like sheets, and many dispersed cells. Papillae showed many layers of round to ovoid cells, with minimal atypia. Atypical mitoses and necrosis were not found. A cytologic diagnosis of WDPMP was suggested. After complete resection of all the tumor nodules, histopathology and immunohistochemical findings were compatible with WDPMP. On follow-up, she developed tumor recurrence at 9 months and was managed successfully with adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

This article highlights the cytologic features of WDPMP with relevant review of the literature and differential diagnosis.
Children’s contact with their imprisoned fathers and the father–child relationship following release
Authors: Lanskey Caroline , Lösel Friedrich , Markson Lucy , Souza Karen
Published: July 2014

This article investigates children’s contact with their imprisoned fathers and the influence on their relationships following release. It is based on data from a mixed-methods prospective longitudinal study of 45 children (aged four to 18) in England whose fathers had played an active role in their lives prior to the prison sentence. The study found that face-to-face contact and telephone calls correlated significantly with the father–child relationship after the father’s release, as reported by both parents. Written contact played less of a role. The longitudinal correlations remained significant after controlling for the level of the father’s involvement with his children before imprisonment. The quantitative findings were supported by qualitative data from the children, fathers and mothers, which illustrated how contact supported the father–child relationship through the facilitation of familiar interactions (physical comfort, emotional support, discipline, guidance) even if in a limited and altered form.
ERCC1-Positive Circulating Tumor Cells in the Blood of Ovarian Cancer Patients as a Predictive Biomarker for Platinum Resistance
Authors: Kuhlmann Jan Dominik , Wimberger Pauline , Bankfalvi Agnes , Keller Thomas , Schöler Sarah , Aktas Bahriye , Buderath Paul , Hauch Siegfried , Otterbach Friedrich , Kimmig Rainer , Kasimir-Bauer Sabine
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND

Platinum resistance constitutes one of the most recognized clinical challenges for ovarian cancer. Notably, the detection of the primary tumor-based excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) protein by immunohistochemistry was recently shown to be inaccurate for the prediction of platinum resistance. On the basis of the previous finding that circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the blood of ovarian cancer patients are prognostically significant, and given our hypothesis that the negative prognostic impact of CTC may arise from a cellular phenotype associated with platinum resistance, we asked whether expression of the excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) gene in the form of the ERCC1 transcript in CTC may be a suitable blood-based biomarker for platinum resistance.

METHODS

The presence of CTC was analyzed by immunomagnetic CTC enrichment (n = 143 patients) targeting the epithelial epitopes epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) (also known as GA733-2) and mucin 1, cell surface associated (MUC1), followed by multiplex reverse-transcription PCR to detect the transcripts EPCAM, MUC1, and mucin 16, cell surface associated (MUC16) (also known as CA125), including ERCC1 transcripts in a separate approach. ERCC1 expression in primary tumors was comparatively assessed by immunohistochemistry, using the antibody 8F1.

RESULTS

At primary diagnosis, the presence of CTC was observed in 14% of patients and constituted an independent predictor of overall survival (OS) (P = 0.041). ERCC1-positive CTC (ERCC1+CTC) were observed in 8% of patients and constituted an independent predictor, not only for OS but also for progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.026 and P = 0.009, respectively). More interestingly, we discovered the presence of ERCC1+CTC at primary diagnosis to be likewise an independent predictor of platinum resistance (P = 0.010), whereas ERCC1 expression in corresponding primary tumor tissue predicted neither platinum resistance nor prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS

The presence of ERCC1+CTC can serve as a blood-based diagnostic biomarker for predicting platinum resistance at primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
A Worrier's Guide to the Future
Authors: Kramer Gert Jan
Published: July 2014

More than 40 years ago, the Club of Rome published the scenario and modeling study The Limits to Growth. Since then, the report has stimulated discussions about the sustainability, or collapse, of the global economy and population. One of its authors, Jorgen Randers, now gives
his best guess for the next 40 years.
Der gesellschaftliche Diskurs um den ,,Maisdeckel“ vor und nach der Novelle des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) 2012The Social Discourse on the “Maize Cap“ before and after the 2012 Amendment of the German Renewable Energies Act (EEG)
Authors: Herbes Carsten , Jirka Eva , Braun Jan Philipp , Pukall Klaus
Published: July 2014

Through an amendment to the Renewable Energies Act(EEG), the German Bundestag introduced in 2012 the so-called “maize cap”, limiting the use of maize or cereal grains as a substrate in new biogas plants. The political decision had been preceded by a short, fierce
public debate revolving around social and environmental aspects of an unreasonable extension of maize cultivation. This paper attempts to trace the discourse around the “maize cap” in the six months before the decision in June 2011 and compares the findings to a later discourse
window from mid-2012 to April 2013. Analyzing major national daily newspapers and parliamentary records, it identifies seven story lines influencing social discourse at different points in time. It can be shown that dominant discourses were institutionalized in the course of the amendment
of the EEG in 2012(“maizification of the landscape”), ultimately leading to – as the paper briefly outlines – abandoning public funding of energy crops in the recent amendment of the EEG 2014.
Der Rebound-Effekt: ein blinder Fleck der sozial-ökologischen GesellschaftstransformationRebound Effects: Blind Spots in the Socio-Ecological Transition of Industrial Societies
Authors: Santarius Tilman
Published: July 2014

Rebound effects have been discussed in micro- and macro economics since the 1980s, but until today have garnered too little attention in disciplines outside economics or in applied sustainability politics. This article provides an overview of the existing research, raises critiques,
and points out open questions. It makes the case for analysis of psychological rebound effects in order to broaden the narrow micro-economic perspective on consumer behavior. It explains “ideological divergences” in present rebound research on energy efficiency-induced economic
growth impacts and suggests that existing econometric evidence on macroeconomic rebounds might rather underestimate the scope of these effects. Furthermore, this article comprehensively addresses producer-side and market-level rebound effects, which so far have only achieved marginal attention
even in the economic rebound literature. The various rebound effects identified may result in reducing the energy savings potential of technical efficiency improvements by 50 percent or more. Therefore, research on a socio-ecological transition of industrial societies is well-advised to take
due note of rebound effects and foster policies and measures that can contain them.
Opinions of classroom teachers' about the vocabulary teaching in Turkish course
Authors: Anılan Hüseyin , Genç Ersoy Berrin
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this study is to determine classroom teachers' views on applications regarding vocabulary teaching in Turkish Course. In this regard, a qualitative research design was implemented and, the participants of the study were twenty primary school teachers. The qualitative data were gathered through constructed written interview form including open ended questions, and the researchers aimed to investigate teachers' views on applications regarding vocabulary teaching and also immediate concerns encountered during this practicum The findings of the thematic analysis highlighted some sub-themes and concepts, and the following main themes: Explanations and applications regarding the curriculum, the sufficiency of text-processing steps, methods and techniques and the use of resources of the course, mass media and the effects of environmental and familial factors. The results of the study show that the teachers have different views on the explanations and applications regarding the curriculum, do not have exact information about number of the acquisitions related to vocabulary teaching in Turkish curriculum, have different views on the quality of the activities appearing in the text-processing steps, think that it is helpful to practice on the keywords for students' vocabularies, use specific vocabulary teaching methods and techniques and from time to time have problems regarding making students develop an understanding of newly-learnt words.