bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Women's Identity Formed by Syrian Female University Students in Turkey from the Perspective of Transnational Feminism
Authors: DALAMAN Zeynep Banu
Published: September 2022

Göçün kadınlaşması olgusuna odaklanan bu çalışma, kadınların zorunlu göç mücadelelerinin erkeklerden farklı olduğunu göstermektedir. Olguyla ilgili literatür çalışmalarında, göç eden kadınların birey olarak eğitim durumları, çalışma durumları, bakmakla yükümlü oldukları çocuklar, ikametleri, yasal durumları hakkında bilgiler verilmektedir. Sürekli arttığı tespiti yapılan göçün kadınlaşmasına yönelik çalışmalar kadın kategorisiyle ilgilenirken, feminist çalışmalar bu kesişimselliğin farklı bir boyutunu daha ortaya koymaktadır. Ulusötesi feminist çalışmalarda; göçün kadınlaşmasından yola çıkılarak, göçmen kadınların menşe ülkelerinden varış ülkelerine kadar farklı hikayelerine ve yaş gruplarına göre farklı deneyimlerine vurgu yapılmakta, göçmen kadın kategorisi daha detaylı araştırılmakta ve çeşitliliğe vurgu yapılmaktadır. Suriye’de ki iç savaş süresinde Türkiye’ye yasal yollarla gelen 1.727.068 Suriyeli kadının da göçün kadınlaştığını gösteren, açıklayan farklı hikayeleri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’ye çocuk yaşta gelmiş ve şu an üniversite öğrencisi olan genç Suriyeli kadınların deneyimleri üzerinden oluşan yeni kadın kimliği üzerinedir. Türkiye’nin farklı illerinde üniversite öğrenimi gören genç Suriyeli kadınlarla derinlemesine mülakatlar yapılmıştır.
Being from Muş in Bursa: Analysis of Migration from Muş to Bursa
Authors: AKYÜZ Fatih
Published: September 2022

Cities such as Istanbul, Bursa, Izmir and Antalya, which are historically located in the West of our country, have received immigration as a result of both their location and the various opportunities they have created. Bursa, which has been one of the important cities of Turkey in the textile and automotive industry since the beginning of the 2000s, has received immigrants from different regions and cities for many years, especially from the Eastern Anatolia region for the last 20 years. Considering the migration data to Bursa, which was announced by TUIK in 2019, this situation was seen more clearly. Today, the largest population in Bursa, apart from Bursa residents, belongs to Erzurum and Muş, the two cities of Eastern Anatolia. Therefore, it can be seen that there is an organic connection between Bursa and Muş, which was established with migrations. Throughout the study, interviews were conducted with individuals who migrated from Muş to Bursa, that is, who were the actors of the migration. The cognitive maps of the actors were tried to be interpreted with the results obtained from the interviews. According to the results of the research, they stated that the traditional ties are still strong and they have not broken their ties with Muş. Some of them had to migrate willingly due to economic conditions and some were forced to migrate due to socio-cultural reasons such as blood feuds. On the other hand, it has been determined that the ties of fellow countrymen are quite strong in migrations.
A Historical-Institutional Balance-Sheet Approach to Financialization in the United States
Authors: Mettenheim Kurt
Published: September 2022

This paper focuses on long-term conceptual and ideological causes of financialization and, since 2010, the emergence of counter forces. Confusions between financial balance sheet data and national income data produced two errors of conceptual stretching: of banks into financial firms and of financial claims into assets and money. This induced double-counting of income, selection bias, and misinterpretation of national accounts that became an ideological veil of finance. Financialization has compounded inequality, concentrated banking and finance, and centralized monetary authority, increasing policy capture, perverse incentives, moral hazard, and political fait accompli. Data from the NIPAs (1929-2021), Z1 Reports (1945-2022), and the IMAs (1960-2021) clarifies these causes and consequences of financialization and three counter forces: declining marginal returns to the rise of finance; the emergence of social reactions of self-defense against the commodification of banking, savings, and money; and a back to the future return to traditional banking and monetary moralities.
Finnish VET representatives’ interpretations of inclusion
Authors: Ryökkynen Sanna , Raudasoja Anu
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to learn about Finnish VET representatives’ perceptions of inclusion. Discussions and research on inclusion in education have mainly concentrated on the comprehensive school context, although vocational education and training (VET) students may have multiple, intersectional experiences of disadvantage. Our data included representatives (N=53) from five different Finnish VET sectors. Through semi-structured interviews, we investigated their interpretations of inclusion. We applied an abductive approach in our analytical process that followed the principles of qualitative content analysis. Our findings indicated that the definition of inclusion is ambiguous. At the administration level, inclusion was related to ideology, whereas teachers spoke about special education practices. Work-life representatives connected inclusion to the principles of communality, and students appreciated this understanding and individual solutions in their studying and workplace learning. This study supports the view of earlier studies and addresses a need for shared understanding and values to engage with inclusion in practice. The VET sector would benefit from discussions and training in inclusion and inclusive principles, where the study works as an initiator.
Self Help Group untuk Orang Tua dalam Menumbuhkan Fitrah Seksual pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Adyani Kartika , Is Susiloningtyas
Published: September 2022

The Child Protection Commission noted that 207 children aged 3-17 years experienced sexual violence. Parents play an important role in preventing this by providing sex education from an early age. Delivery of sex education in early childhood requires a strategy. One strategy to be able to communicate with children is to increase knowledge. Therefore, this service aims to increase the knowledge and attitudes of parents in early childhood sex education through counseling and self help groups. Knowledge and attitudes were measured using a questionnaire given before and after the activity and presented in a frequency distribution. Only 40% of participants had ever given sex education to early childhood. The results of the measurement of knowledge before the activity started showed that 70% of participants had good knowledge of sex education and after the activity was carried out, participants who had good knowledge increased to 100%. Before the activity 60% of the participants had a positive attitude towards early childhood sex education and it increased to 90% after the activity. This activity shows that parents must increase their knowledge in order to find the right strategy in providing sex education in accordance with the child's development.
ABSTRAK
Komisi perlindungan anak mencatat 207 anak yang berusia 3-17 tahun mengalami kekerasan seksual. Orang tua berperan penting dalam pencegahan hal tersebut dengan cara memberikan pendidikan seks sejak dini. Penyampaian Pendidikan seks pada anak usia dini memerlukan strategi. Salah satu strategi untuk dapat berkomunikasi dengan anak adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan. Oleh karena itu pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap orang tua dalam pendidikan seks anak usia dini dengan penyuluhan dan self help group. Pengetahuan dan sikap diukur menggunakan kuesioner yang diberikan sebelum dan sesudah kegiatan dan disajikan dalam distribusi frekuensi. Hanya 40% peserta yang sudah pernah memberikan Pendidikan seks pada anak usia dini. Hasil pengukuran pengetahuan sebelum kegiatan dimulai menunjukkan 70% peserta memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang pendidikan seks dan setelah kegiatan dilakukan peserta yang memiliki pengetahuan baik meningkat menjadi 100%. Sebelum kegiatan 60% peserta memiliki sikap positif terhadap Pendidikan seks anak usia dini dan meningkat menjadi 90% setelah kegiatan.  Kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa orang tua harus meningkatkan pengetahuannya agar dapat menemukan strategi yang tepat dalam memberikan Pendidikan seks sesuai dengan perkembangan anak.
Peningkatan Kapasitas Relawan Desa, Kelurahan, dan Negeri Lawan COVID-19 melalui Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Kota Ambon
Authors: Talarima Bellytra , Lawalata Ivy Violan
Published: September 2022

Ambon City is one of 11 regencies/cities in Maluku Province as well as being the provincial capital, and also being the center of a fairly high population mobility in Maluku Province, the development of COVID-19 in Ambon City, was first reported on March 22, 2020 which were imported cases until September 11, 2020, the Ambon City Health Service reported 1,764 confirmed cases with 28 deaths (CFR 1.5%). The purpose of the activity is to increase the capacity of volunteers regarding efforts to prevent, control and deal with COVID-19 in the Village, Sub-district and State in Ambon City. The method used is training and delivery of material (lectures). The results obtained were an increase in knowledge before and after all volunteers took part in capacity building activities, where the pre test results showed a mean value of 57.41 and the post test results showed a mean value of 78.90 where there was an increase in the mean value of 21.483 and there were zoning maps and risk scores. COVID-19 for every Village/Sub-district/State in Ambon City. The conclusion from capacity building activities through material presentation (lectures) has increased the knowledge of all volunteers who participated.
ABSTRAK
Kota Ambon adalah salah satu dari 11 Kabupaten/Kota yang ada di Provinsi Maluku sekaligus menjadi Ibu Kota Provinsi, dan juga menjadi sentral mobilitas penduduk yang cukup tinggi di Provinsi Maluku, perkembangan COVID-19 di Kota Ambon, terlapor pertama kali pada tanggal 22 Maret 2020 yang merupakan kasus import sampai dengan tanggal 11 September 2020 Dinas Kesehatan Kota Ambon melaporkan 1.764 kasus konfirmasi dengan 28 meninggal (CFR 1.5%). Tujuan kegiatan adalah meningkatkan kapasitas relawan tentang upaya pencegahan, pengendalian dan penanggulangan COVID – 19 di Desa, Kelurahan dan Negeri di Kota Ambon. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan dan penyampaian materi (ceramah). Hasil yang didaptkan terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah seluruh relawan mengikuti kegiatan peningkatan kapasitas, dimana hasil pre test menunjukan nilai mean 57,41 dan hasil post test menunjukan nilai mean 78,90 dimana terjadi peningkatan nilai mean sebesar 21,483 dan terdapat peta zonasi dan skor risiko COVID – 19 untuk setiap Desa/Kelurahan/Negeri yang ada di Kota Ambon. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan pingkatan kapasitas melalui penyampian materi (ceramah) telah meningkatkan pengetahuan seluruh relawan yang mengikuti.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Guru TK dan Orang Tua Siswa dalam Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara dan Serviks
Authors: Rochmawati Erna , Brahmana Ivanna Beru
Published: September 2022

Data in 2018 shows that the highest prevalence of cancer in Indonesia is in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Awareness for prevention through breast self-examination and pap smear on women in Indonesia is still in the low-medium category, with only 5-20% of them are aware of pap smear and breast examination. The purpose of this community service was to increase the knowledge of parents and kindergarten teachers as well as to increase their skills in conducting breast self-examination. The partner in this community service was Kindergarten of  Aisyiah Bustanul Atfhal An Nur. The target of the activity was six kindergarten teachers and 15 parents. The methods used in this activity are lectures, discussions, videos and demonstrations. The lecture method was carried out when giving material about breast and cervical cancer. The discussion was conducted with questions and answers from participants and presenters. Video and demonstration methods for breast self-examination, and then redemonstration. The result of community service activities is that there is an increase in scores for kindergarten teachers and students' guardians. Improved scores on breast cancer knowledge from 80 to 91.7 (p-value=0.000) and in cervical cancer from 71.4 to 98.2 (p=0.000). In addition there are improvement in  skills to do breast self-examination.
ABSTRAK
Data pada tahun 2018 menunjukkan jumlah penderita kanker tertinggi di Indonesia berada di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Kesadaran untuk pencegahan melalui pemeriksaan payudara sendiri dan pap smear pada perempuan di Indonesia masih dalam kategori rendah-sedang dimana hanya  5-20% perempuan yang mengetahui pap smear dan pemeriksaan payudara sendiri. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu wali murid dan guru TK serta serta meningkatnya kemampuan dalam pemeriksaan payudara sendiri. Mitra dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah TK Aisyiah Bustanul Atfhal An Nur. Sasaran kegiatan adalah enam guru TK dan 15 wali murid.  Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan  ini adalah ceramah, diskusi, video dan demonstrasi. Metode ceramah dilaksanakan saat memberikan materi mengenai kanker payudara dan serviks. Diskusi dilakukan dengan tanya-jawab dari peserta dan pemateri. Metode video dan demonstrasi untuk pemeriksaan payudara sendiri, dan selanjutnya dilakukan redemonstrasi. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat adalah  ada peningkatan skor pada guru TK dan ibu wali murid. Peningkatan skor pada pengetahuan kanker payudara dari 80 menjadi 91.7 (p-value=0,000) dan pada kanker servis dari 71.4 menjadi 98.2 (p=0,000). Selain itu terdapat serta keterampilan  melakukan pemeriksaan payudara sendiri.
Psikoedukasi Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI) dalam Mendeteksi Kanker Payudara pada Remaja Putri
Authors: Marsia Marsia , Sulistyawati Dwi , Juniartati Erni , Akhmad Arif Nur
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in Indonesia, so in preventing the occurrence of breast cancer, it is necessary to take action in early detection with adolescent breast examination, namely BSE combined with psychoeducation. This community service aimed to form a cadre of young women who understand and understand that early detection of breast cancer can use the BSE method. The method used is to provide material on breast self-examination, provide pre and post counseling questionnaires to evaluate participants' understanding of the material presented. During the activity, the participants were quite active in the discussion. A total of 9 people (22.5%) actively asked questions and 3 participants were able to correctly answer the verbal questions given by the extension worker. From the results of the evaluation through the provision of questionnaires, it was found that the average score had increased after being given counseling. Respondents' knowledge increased to good knowledge (65%) with an increase in the average score of 25.8, for Attitude there was an increase to positive attitude (100%) with an increase in the average score of 26.3. Counseling accompanied by media and materials such as PowerPoint, leaflet, video, audio visual aids (AVA) which consists of laptops and LCD projectors that are supportive and interactive will be able to convey messages to participants precisely and clearly so that goals can be achieved.
 
ABSTRAK
Kanker payudara adalah salah satu jenis kanker terbanyak di Indonesia sehingga dalam melakukan pencegahan dari terjadinya kanker payudara, perlu ada tindakan dalam mendeteksi secara dini dengan pemeriksaan payudara remaja yaitu SADARI yang dikombinasikan dengan psikoedukasi. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk pembentukan kader remaja putri yang mengerti dan paham dalam hal mendeteksi secara dini pada kanker payudara ini bisa menggunakan metode SADARI. Metode yang digunakan ialah memberikan materi tentang periksa payudara sendiri, memberikan kuesioner pre dan post penyuluhan guna mengevaluasi pemahaman peserta terhadap materi yang disampaikan. Pada pelaksanaan kegiatan, peserta cukup aktif dalam berdiskusi. Sebanyak 9 orang (22,5%) peserta aktif bertanya dan 3 orang peserta dapat menjawab dengan tepat pertanyaan lisan yang diberikan oleh penyuluh. Dari hasil evaluasi melalui pemberian kuesioner didapatkan rata-rata skor mengalami peningkatan setelah diberikan penyuluhan. untuk Pengetahuan Responden meningkat menjadi berpengetahuan baik (65%) dengan peningkatan skor rata-rata sejumlah 25,8, untuk Sikap terjadi peningkatan menjadi sikap positif (100%) dengan peningkatan skor rata-rata sejumlah 26,3. Penyuluhan yang disertai dengan media dan bahan seperti PowerPoint, leaflet, video, audio visual aids (AVA) yang terdiri dari laptop dan LCD proyektor yang mendukung serta interaktif  akan mampu menyampaikan pesan kepada peserta dengan tepat dan jelas sehingga tujuan dapat tercapai.
Edukasi Air Kelapa Muda Bagi Kesehatan
Authors: Pebriani Sintiya Halisya , Marleni Lily , Saputra Adi , Mardiah Mardiah , Tafdhila Tafdhila , Astuti Lenny , Afriyani Rahmalia , Syafe'i Abdul
Published: September 2022

Tender coconut water is an isotonic drink that contains various kinds of minerals, vitamins, and sugars as well as essential amino acids that are very beneficial for the body. The purpose of this service activity is to provide health education about the efficacy of tender coconut water to maintain health. The method used is lecture, question and answer and discussion. The media for counseling is leaflets. The results of the activity went smoothly and were attended by 19 participants and the majority of participants understood the various benefits of tender coconut water for health. It was concluded that most of the participants knew the various benefits of tender coconut water in order to maintain and improve optimal health.
ABSTRAK
Air kelapa muda merupakan minuman isotonik yang mengandung berbagai macam mineral, vitamin, dan gula serta asam amino sesensial yang sangat bermanfaat bagi tubuh. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pendidikan kesehatan mengenai khasiat air kelapa muda untuk menjaga kesehatan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan ceramah, tanya jawab dan diskusi. Media penyuluhan yaitu dengan leaflet. Hasil kegiatan berjalan dengan lancar dan dihadiri sebanyak 19 perserta dan mayoritas peserta memahami berbagai manfaat air kelapa muda bagi kesehatan. Disimpulkan Sebagian besar perserta mengetahui berbagai manfaat air kelapa muda guna menjaga dan meningkatkan kesehatan secara optimal.
Strengthening Integrated Health Center Service for the Elderly through Cadre Training and Mentoring
Authors: Rauf Saidah , Malawat Rigoan
Published: September 2022

Posyandu for the elderly is a community-driven and agreed-upon integrated service station for the elderly in a specific location where they can receive health care. Currently, not all provinces in Indonesia (43.9%), including Maluku, hold Posyandu for the elderly. The Mosso Villages in Central Maluku Regency's Tehoru District has never offered posyandu services to the elderly. The absence of skilled cadres, infrastructure, and a small number of health workers causes posyandu's lack of action in this area. This community engagement aimed to strengthen the elderly posyandu in Mosso village by providing cadre training and mentoring. Ten cadres have been trained, and their knowledge and abilities have improved due to the training. The mentoring activities revealed that the Posyandu Wae BaK and Wae Lisa provided routine services every month and that the cadres could provide posyandu services for the elderly on their own.
Solar radiation and temperature as predictor variables for dry matter intake in beef steers
Authors: Yusuf Mustapha , Swanson Kendall C. , Hulsman Hanna Lauren L. , Degges Ronald , Bauer Marc L.
Published: September 2022

Solar radiation may be an important weather variable that has not been included in previous dry matter intake (DMI) prediction models. Solar radiation affects the overall effective ambient temperature, which in turn contributes to the net gain of heat in an animal’s body. This experiment examined ambient temperature and solar radiation with DMI in beef steers. Data from 790 beef steers collected between 2011 and 2018 using an Insentec feeding system was used. Daily data was condensed into weekly averages (n = 13,895 steer-weeks). The variables considered for this study were DMI (2.50 to 23.60 kg/d), body weight (197 to 796 kg), calculated dietary energy density (NEm; 0.79 to 2.97 Mcal/kg), ambient temperature (-23.73 to 21.40°C), two-week lag of ambient temperature (-20.73 to 23.56°C), monthly lag of ambient temperature (-17.95 to 22.74°C), solar radiation (30.8 to 297.1 W/m2), two-week lag of solar radiation (34.6 to 272 W/m2) and monthly lag of solar radiation (43.7 to 256.6 W/m2). Residuals of DMI fitting week of the year (fixed) and experiment (random) were used to generate scatter plots with other explanatory variables to identify if non-linear relationships existed. Body weight and NEm had both linear and quadratic relationships with DMI, while the relationship with DMI for other variables was linear. The MIXED procedure of SAS with Toeplitz variance-covariance structure was used to determine the final model of DMI. After accounting for body weight and NEm in the model, two-week lag of ambient temperature and monthly lag of solar radiation interacted together (P = 0.0001), and this accounted for 0.7790 (R2) variation in DMI and improved the model fit. Therefore, these two variables and their interactions should be considered in DMI prediction equations of beef steers.
A siamese network-based approach for vehicle pose estimation
Authors: Zhao Haoyi , Tao Bo , Huang Licheng , Chen Baojia
Published: September 2022

We propose a deep learning-based vehicle pose estimation method based on a monocular camera called FPN PoseEstimateNet. The FPN PoseEstimateNet consists of a feature extractor and a pose calculate network. The feature extractor is based on Siamese network and a feature pyramid network (FPN) is adopted to deal with feature scales. Through the feature extractor, a correlation matrix between the input images is obtained for feature matching. With the time interval as the label, the feature extractor can be trained independently of the pose calculate network. On the basis of the correlation matrix and the standard matrix, the vehicle pose changes can be predicted by the pose calculate network. Results show that the network runs at a speed of 6 FPS, and the parameter size is 101.6 M. In different sequences, the angle error is within 8.26° and the maximum translation error is within 31.55 m.
Location of pedicle screw hold in relation to bone quality and loads
Authors: Cornaz Frédéric , Farshad Mazda , Widmer Jonas
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Sufficient screw hold is an indispensable requirement for successful spinal fusion, but pedicle screw loosening is a highly prevalent burden. The aim of this study was to quantify the contribution of the pedicle and corpus region in relation to bone quality and loading amplitude of pedicle screws with traditional trajectories.

Methods: After CT examination to classify bone quality, 14 pedicle screws were inserted into seven L5. Subsequently, Micro-CT images were acquired to analyze the screw’s location and the vertebrae were split in the midsagittal plane and horizontally along the screw’s axis to allow imprint tests with 6 mm long sections of the pedicle screws in a caudal direction perpendicular to the screw’s surface. Force-displacement curves in combination with the micro-CT data were used to reconstruct the resistance of the pedicle and corpus region at different loading amplitudes.

Results: Bone quality was classified as normal in three specimens, as moderate in two and as bad in two specimens, resulting in six, four, and four pedicle screws per group. The screw length in the pedicle region in relation to the inserted screw length was measured at an average of 63%, 62%, and 52% for the three groups, respectively. At a calculated 100 N axial load acting on the whole pedicle screw, the pedicle region contributed an average of 55%, 58%, and 58% resistance for the normal, moderate, and bad bone quality specimens, respectively. With 500 N load, these values were measured at 59%, 63%, and 73% and with 1000 N load, they were quantified at 71%, 75%, and 81%.

Conclusion: At lower loading amplitudes, the contribution of the pedicle and corpus region on pedicle screw hold are largely balanced and independent of bone quality. With increasing loading amplitudes, the contribution of the pedicle region increases disproportionally, and this increase is even more pronounced in situations with reduced bone quality. These results demonstrate the importance of the pedicle region for screw hold, especially for reduced bone quality.
The efficacy and medium-term outcomes of ligament advanced reinforcement system compared with auto-grafts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: At least 2 years follow-up
Authors: Ma Bingxian , Wang Yongxiang , Xu Yongsheng
Published: September 2022

Background: Graft choice is an important step in the pre-operative plan of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The four-strand hamstring tendon (4SHT) is the most widely used auto-graft, while the Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS) is the newest typical biomaterial for ACLR. The physical activity level (PAL) before injury can affect the efficacy and outcomes of ACLR. This study aims to compare the efficacy and functional outcomes between ACLR using LARS and 4SHT in patients different PALs.

Methods: This was a prospective paired case-control study. ACL rupture patients included from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 were subsequently divided into the high and plain PAL groups, according to their baseline PAL before injury. Clinical assessments included: Lachman test, pivot shift test, ligament laxity, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, and rate of returning to sports. The minimum follow-up was 2 years (y).

Results: A total of 58 patients had accomplished the 2 y follow-up (missing rate: 6.5%). In the high PAL group (n = 22), the positive rate of A–P laxity of the LARS subgroup was lower than the 4SHG subgroup (p = 0.138), while the Lysholm score (p = 0.002), IKDC score (p = 0.043), and rate of returning to sports (p = 0.010) of the LARS were higher than the 4SHG at 1 year follow-up; the positive rates of A–P laxity (p = 0.009) and pivot test (p = 0.027) were lower in the LARS than the 4SHG at 2 y follow-up. In the plain PAL group (n = 36), the positive rate of A–P laxity in the LARS subgroup was lower than the 4SHG at 1 year follow-up (p = 0.017); the positive rates of A–P laxity (p = 0.001), Lachman (p = 0.034), and pivot tests (p = 0.034) in the LARS were also lower than the 4SHG at 2 y follow-up, but the IKDC score (p = 0.038) and rate of returning to sports (p = 0.019) in the 4SHG were higher than the LARS.

Conclusion: In patients with high PAL, LARS can acquire better knee stability, sooner functional recovery, and returning to sports than 4SHG, while in patients without high PAL, 4SHG acquires better functional outcomes and a higher rate of returning to sports.
The application of finite element analysis to determine the optimal UIV of growing-rod treatment in early-onset scoliosis
Authors: Pan Aixing , Ding Hongtao , Wang Junjie , Zhang Zhuo , Zhang Hongbo , Liu Yuzeng , Hai Yong
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To analyze the stress distribution in the proximal vertebral body and soft tissue of dual growing-rod (GR) with different upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) to determine the optimal UIV.

Methods: A ten-year-old male EOS case treated with GR was selected. Based on spiral computed tomography (CT) scanning performed in 0.6 mm thick slices, a finite element model (FEM) of the preoperative state (M0, the original spine state) of the patient was created. Subsequently, four models with different UIV fixations were numerically analyzed by FEM, including M1 (UIV = T1, i.e., the upper-end vertebrae (UEV) of the upper thoracic curve), M2 (UIV = T2), M3 (UIV = T3) and M4 (UIV = T4, i.e., the lower end vertebrae (LEV) of the upper thoracic curve). Displacement and maximum stress in the proximal vertebral body and soft tissue were measured and compared among the five models.

Results: The spine model was fixed with the sacrum, and the gravity conditions were imposed on each vertebral body according to the research of Clin and Pearsall. The results are as follows:M4 model has the largest overall displacement, while M1 has the least displacement among the four models. Except M2, the maximum normalized stress of UIV increases with the downward movement of UIV. M1 has the lowerest annulus fibrosus stress and highest joint capsule stress, which is characterized by the vertebrae backward leaning, while M4 is the opposite. The supraspinous ligament stress of M3 and M4 is significantly higher than that of M1 and M2. This suggests that UIV downshift increases the tendency of the proximal vertebral bodies to bend forward, thereby increasing the tension of the posterior ligaments (PL).

Conclusion: The UIV of the GR is recommended to be close to the UEV of the upper thoracic curve, which can reduce the stress of the proximal PL, thereby reducing the occurrence of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK).
Calcium phosphate bioceramics: From cell behavior to chemical-physical properties
Authors: Magnaudeix Amandine
Published: September 2022

Calcium phosphate ceramics, including hydroxyapatite (HA), have been used as bone substitutes for more than 40 years. Their chemical composition, close to that of the bone mineral, confers them good biological and physical properties. However, they are not sufficient to meet all the needs in bone regenerative medicine, such as in the context of critical bone lesions. Therefore, it is essential to improve their biological performances in order to extend their application domains. In this aim, three approaches are mainly followed on the assumption that the biological response can be tuned by modifications of the chemical physical properties of the ceramic: 1) Incorporation of specific chemical species into the calcium phosphate crystalline lattice of chemical elements to stimulate bone repair. 2) Modulation of the bioceramic architecture to optimize the cellular responses at the interface. 3) Functionalization of the bioceramic surface with bioactive molecules. These approaches are supposed to act on separate parameters but, as they are implemented during different steps of the ceramic processing route, they cannot be considered as exclusive. They will ineluctably induces changes of several other physical chemical properties of the final ceramic that may also affect the biological response. Using examples of recent works from our laboratory, the present paper aims to describe how biology can be affected by the bioceramics modifications according to each one of these approaches. It shows that linking biological and chemical physical data in a rational way makes it possible to identify pertinent parameters and related processing levers to target a desired biological response and then more precisely tune the biological performance of ceramic biomaterials. This highlights the importance of integrating the biological evaluation into the heart of the processes used to manufacture optimized biomaterials.
Injectable hydrogel with immobilized BMP-2 mimetic peptide for local bone regeneration
Authors: Gultian Kirstene A. , Gandhi Roshni , DeCesari Kayla , Romiyo Vineeth , Kleinbart Emily P. , Martin Kelsey , Gentile Pietro M. , Kim Tae Won B. , Vega Sebastián L.
Published: September 2022

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density, thereby increasing the risk of sustaining a fragility fracture. Most medical therapies are systemic and do not restore bone in areas of need, leading to undesirable side effects. Injectable hydrogels can locally deliver therapeutics with spatial precision, and this study reports the development of an injectable hydrogel containing a peptide mimic of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). To create injectable hydrogels, hyaluronic acid was modified with norbornene (HANor) or tetrazine (HATet) which upon mixing click into covalently crosslinked Nor-Tet hydrogels. By modifying HANor macromers with methacrylates (Me), thiolated BMP-2 mimetic peptides were immobilized to HANor via a Michael addition reaction, and coupling was confirmed with 1H NMR spectroscopy. BMP-2 peptides presented in soluble and immobilized form increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in MSCs cultured on 2D and encapsulated in 3D Nor-Tet hydrogels. Injection of bioactive Nor-Tet hydrogels into hollow intramedullary canals of Lewis rat femurs showed a local increase in trabecular bone density as determined by micro-CT imaging. The presented work shows that injectable hydrogels with immobilized BMP-2 peptides are a promising biomaterial for the local regeneration of bone tissue and for the potential local treatment of osteoporosis.
Human pericardial extracellular matrix: An implantation platform for cardiac tissue engineering
Authors: Castells-Sala Cristina , Prat-Vidal Cristina , Roura Santiago , López-Chicón Patrícia , Fariñas Óscar , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Rodríguez-Gómez Luciano , Vilarrodona Anna
Published: September 2022

Tissue engineering, which involves the use of therapeutic biologicals supported by implantable materials, represents a promising tool to repair damaged tissues or organs. Among the most proper supporting materials and scaffolds, natural extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes a dynamic platform of structural and functional fibers and biomolecules that confers a suitable microenvironment for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation via activation of host signaling cues. In this context, ECM derived from human pericardium emerges as a supportive porous biomaterial to regenerate post-infarcted myocardium. In specific, pericardial ECM highlights as a potential clinical option for administering those active components grown and purified from large-scale cell cultures, such as mesenchymal stromal cells and derived extracellular vesicles, and to locally generate a vascularized bioactive niche promoting modulation of post-ischemic inflammation and cardiac repair.
Recent advances in the use of CRISPR/Cas for understanding the early development of molecular gaps in glial cells
Authors: Barragán-Álvarez Carla Patricia , Flores-Fernandez José Miguel , Hernández-Pérez Oscar R. , Ávila-Gónzalez Daniela , Díaz Nestor Fabian , Padilla-Camberos Eduardo , Dublan-García Octavio , Gómez-Oliván Leobardo Manuel , Diaz-Martinez Nestor Emmanuel
Published: September 2022

Glial cells are non-neuronal elements of the nervous system (NS) and play a central role in its development, maturation, and homeostasis. Glial cell interest has increased, leading to the discovery of novel study fields. The CRISPR/Cas system has been widely employed for NS understanding. Its use to study glial cells gives crucial information about their mechanisms and role in the central nervous system (CNS) and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, the increasingly accelerated discovery of genes associated with the multiple implications of glial cells could be studied and complemented with the novel screening methods of high-content and single-cell screens at the genome-scale as Perturb-Seq, CRISP-seq, and CROPseq. Besides, the emerging methods, GESTALT, and LINNAEUS, employed to generate large-scale cell lineage maps have yielded invaluable information about processes involved in neurogenesis. These advances offer new therapeutic approaches to finding critical unanswered questions about glial cells and their fundamental role in the nervous system. Furthermore, they help to better understanding the significance of glial cells and their role in developmental biology.
Suppressor of fused-restrained Hedgehog signaling in chondrocytes is critical for epiphyseal growth plate maintenance and limb elongation in juvenile mice
Authors: Xiu Chunmei , Gong Tingting , Luo Na , Ma Linghui , Zhang Lei , Chen Jianquan
Published: September 2022

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays multiple critical roles in regulating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation during epiphyseal cartilage development. However, it is still unclear whether Hh signaling in chondrocytes is required for growth plate maintenance during juvenile growth, and whether sustained activation of Hh signaling in chondrocytes promotes limb elongation. In this study, we first utilized Hh reporter mice to reveal that Hh signaling was activated in resting and columnar chondrocytes in growth plates of juvenile and adult mice. Next, we genetically modulated Hh signaling by conditionally deleting Smo or Sufu in all or a subpopulation of growth plate chondrocytes, and found that ablation of either Smo or Sufu in chondrocytes of juvenile mice caused premature closure of growth plates and shorter limbs, whereas Osx-Cre-mediated deletion of either of these two genes in prehypertrophic chondrocytes did not lead to obvious growth plate defects, indicating that Hh signaling mainly functions in resting and/or columnar chondrocytes to maintain growth plates at the juvenile stage. At the cellular level, we found that chondrocyte-specific ablation of Smo or Sufu accelerated or suppressed chondrocyte hypertrophy, respectively, whereas both decreased chondrocyte proliferation and survival. Thus, our study provided the first genetic evidence to establish the essential cell-autonomous roles for tightly-regulated Hh signaling in epiphyseal growth plate maintenance and limb elongation during juvenile growth.
A comparison of hydrogen abstraction reaction between allyl-type monomers with thioxanthone-based photoinitiators without amine synergists
Authors: Zhao Xiaotian , Xu Wen , Chen Xi , Lin Shibo , Li Xuanhao , He Lihui , Liao Xu , Ye Guodong
Published: September 2022

The photodriven radical-mediated [3 + 2] cyclization reaction was found to yield polymers efficiently without being hindered by degradative chain transfer. The first reaction is a hydrogen abstraction process in which one hydrogen atom migrates from the α-methylene group of an allyl monomer to the triplet state (or fragments) of the photoinitiator, thus yielding primary allyl radicals as primary radicals and then begins chain propagation via a 3 + 2 cyclization reaction. Allyl ether monomers were found to be significantly higher than other allyl monomers even with the absence of amine-like synergists. In order to clarify the procedure of the hydrogen abstraction mechanism, we used four allyl-type monomers as hydrogen donors and three thioxanthone photoinitiators as hydrogen acceptors by the quantum chemistry method in terms of geometry and energy. The results were interpreted with transition-state theory and the interaction/deformation model. Then, the tunneling factors of hydrogen abstraction reactions were also investigated by Eckart’s correction. The results show allyl ether systems are more reactive than other allyl systems, and it would provide us with new insights into these hydrogen abstractions.
Silicone Foley catheters impregnated with microbial indole derivatives inhibit crystalline biofilm formation by Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Amer Mai A. , Ramadan Mohamed A. , Attia Ahmed S. , Wasfi Reham
Published: September 2022

Proteus mirabilis is a common causative agent for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). The crystalline biofilm formation by P. mirabilis causes catheter encrustation and blockage leading to antibiotic treatment resistance. Thus, biofilm formation inhibition on catheters becomes a promising alternative for conventional antimicrobial-based treatment that is associated with rapid resistance development. Our previous work has demonstrated the in vitro antibiofilm activity of microbial indole derivatives against clinical isolates of P. mirabilis. Accordingly, we aim to evaluate the capacity of silicone Foley catheters (SFC) impregnated with these indole derivatives to resist biofilm formation by P. mirabilis both phenotypically and on the gene expression level. Silicon Foley catheter was impregnated with indole extract recovered from the supernatant of the rhizobacterium Enterobacter sp. Zch127 and the antibiofilm activity was determined against P. mirabilis (ATCC 12435) and clinical isolate P8 cultured in artificial urine. The indole extract at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC=0.5X MIC) caused a reduction in biofilm formation as exhibited by a 60-70% reduction in biomass and three log10 in adhered bacteria. Results were confirmed by visualization by scanning electron microscope. Moreover, changes in the relative gene expression of the virulence genes confirmed the antibiofilm activity of the indole extract against P. mirabilis. Differential gene expression analysis showed that extract Zch127 at its sub-MIC concentration significantly down-regulated genes associated with swarming activity: umoC, flhC, flhD, flhDC, and mrpA (p< 0.001). In addition, Zch127 extract significantly down-regulated genes associated with polyamine synthesis: speB and glnA (p< 0.001), as well as the luxS gene associated with quorum sensing. Regulatory genes for capsular polysaccharide formation; rcsB and rcsD were not significantly affected by the presence of the indole derivatives. Furthermore, the impregnated catheters and the indole extract showed minimal or no cytotoxic effect against human fibroblast cell lines indicating the safety of this intervention. Thus, the indole-impregnated catheter is proposed to act as a suitable and safe strategy for reducing P. mirabilis CAUTIs.
Incorporating a palaeo-perspective into Andean montane forest restoration
Authors: Loughlin Nicholas J. D. , Gosling William D. , Duivenvoorden Joost F. , Cuesta Francisco , Mothes Patricia , Montoya Encarni
Published: September 2022

Reference ecosystems used in tropical forest restoration lack the temporal dimension required to characterise a mature or intact vegetation community. Here we provide a practical ‘palaeo-reference ecosystem’ for the eastern Andean forests of Ecuador to complement the standard ‘reference ecosystem’ approach. Pollen assemblages from sedimentary archives recovered from Ecuadorian montane forests are binned into distinct time periods and characterised as 1) Ancient (pre-human arrival), 2) Pre-European (Indigenous cultivation), 3) Successional (European arrival/Indigenous depopulation), 4) Mature (diminished human population), 5) Deforested (re-colonisation), and 6) Modern (industrial agriculture). A multivariate statistical approach is then used to identify the most recent period in which vegetation can be characterised as mature. Detrended correspondence analysis indicates that the pollen spectra from CE 1718-1819 (time bin 4 – Mature (diminished human population)) is most similar to that of a pre-human arrival mature or intact state. The pollen spectra of this period are characterised by Melastomataceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Weinmannia. The vegetation of the 1700s, therefore, provides the most recent phase of substantial mature vegetation that has undergone over a century of recovery, representing a practical palaeo-reference ecosystem. We propose incorporating palynological analyses of short cores spanning the last 500 years with botanical inventory data to achieve more realistic and long-term restoration goals.
Mediating role of body composition and insulin resistance on the association of arterial stiffness with blood pressure among adolescents: The ALSPAC study
Authors: Agbaje Andrew O.
Published: September 2022

Background

Emerging evidence among adolescents suggests that arterial stiffness temporally precedes elevated blood pressure/hypertension in the casual pathway. It remains unknown whether insulin resistance and body composition mediate this relationship. Therefore, we examined the mediating role of total fat mass, lean mass, and insulin resistance in the association between arterial stiffness and blood pressure among adolescents.

Materials and methods

We studied 3,764 participants, aged 17 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) United Kingdom birth cohort. Arterial stiffness accessed with Vicorder device measured carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), body composition was measured by dual-energy Xray Absorptiometry, blood pressure by Omron device, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was computed. Data were analysed with structural equation models mediation path analyses and adjusted for cardiometabolic and lifestyle factors.

Results

Among 1,678 [44.6%] male and 2,086 [55.4%] female participants, higher cfPWV was directly and independently associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, irrespective of the mediator [Standardized regression coefficient (β) = 0.248–0.370, p for all = 0.002]. Lean mass [β = 0.010; p = 0.026; 3.3% mediation] and HOMA-IR [β = 0.004; p = 0.033; 1.1% mediation] but not total fat mass [β < 0.0001; p = 0.615; 0% mediation] partly mediated the association of cfPWV with systolic blood pressure after full adjustments. Similarly, lean mass [β = –0.004; p = 0.021; 1.4% mediation] and HOMA-IR [β = 0.007; p = 0.039; 2.8% mediation] but not total fat mass [β = –0.002; p = 0.665; 0.7% mediation] partly mediated the association of cfPWV with diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusion

Attenuating insulin resistance may be a potentially valuable strategy in lowering higher blood pressure precipitated by higher arterial stiffness.
Cost-effectiveness of adding empagliflozin to the standard therapy for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction from the perspective of healthcare systems in China
Authors: Jiang Yaohui , Xie Jun
Published: September 2022

Background

The Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (EMPEROR-Preserved) is the first randomized controlled trial to provide promising evidence on the efficacy of adding empagliflozin to the standard therapy in patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF), but the cost-effectiveness of add-on empagliflozin treatment remains unclear.

Method

A Markov model using data from the EMPEROR-Preserved trial and national database was constructed to assess lifetime costs and utility from a China healthcare system perspective. The time horizon was 10 years and a 5% discount rate was applied. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) against willingness to pay (WTP) threshold was performed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness. A series of sensitivity analyses was applied to ensure the robustness of the results.

Results

Compared to standard therapy, the increased cost of adding empagliflozin from $4,645.23 to $5,916.50 was associated with a quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gain from 4.70 to 4.81, projecting an ICER of $11,292.06, which was lower than a WTP threshold of $12,652.5. Univariate sensitivity analysis revealed that the parameters with the largest impact on ICER were cardiovascular mortality in both groups, followed by the cost of empagliflozin and the cost of hospitalization for heart failure. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that when the WTP threshold was $12,652.5 and $37,957.5, the probability of being cost-effective for adding empagliflozin was 52.7% and 67.6%, respectively. Scenario analysis demonstrated that the cost of empagliflozin, the cost of hospitalization for heart failure, NYHA functional classes, and time horizon had a greater impact on the ICER.

Conclusion

At a WTP threshold of $12,652.5, the add-on empagliflozin treatment for HFpEF was cost-effective in healthcare systems in China, which promoted the rational use of empagliflozin for HFpEF.