bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free Web-Based Proton NMR Prediction and Assignment with NMRDB
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

NMR Prediction software can be a useful tool in spectral assignment and unknown identification. Until recently, the only available software consisted of rather expensive desktop-based packages. But a new Web service called nmrdb.org looks ready to change that. About nmrdb.org nmrdb.org is actually three services in one: NMR Resurrector; NMR Assigner; and NMR Predictor.
Beyond SMILES
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Since its first public description in 1988, SMILES has become one of chemistry’s most widely-used information exchange formats. All major toolkits support it. A lot of user-facing software reads and writes it. Many public databases include it. More recently it’s become a popular input/output format for machine learning. But despite this widespread adoption, SMILES is remarkably under-specified.
Really Drug-Like Molecules
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

The idea of drug-likeness is pervasive in pharmaceutical research. Although it has its place, the concept can also be twisted to provide cover in the absence of other data. After all, what in the world does ‘drug-like’ actually mean? One place to look for meaning in the term ‘drug-like’ is with, well, drugs! Pharmaceutical sales figures, when combined with structural information, can provide valuable insights into drug-likeness.
Quote of the Week: Print References
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

I wonder - what factors exactly are driving this change? I’m not talking about widely discussed topics such as convenience or the generation gap, but less widely-discussed factors such as mashability and cheap access to tools enabling personal and small group use of ever larger quantities of data.
Azithromycin and COVID-19
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

The lack of effective treatments for COVID-19 has spawned an intense, worldwide drug repurposing effort. Although facing steep odds, this approach offers the advantage that candidates will have already undergone human safety assessment and so could be fast-tracked to approval on that basis. The first of these, an unsuccessful trial of the combination HIV therapy lopinavir-ritonavir was recently published. No doubt there will be many more.
George
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Once the initial novelty wears off, chemoradiotherapy becomes routine. You commute to the cancer center. You check in. You wait in the lobby to be called for your treatment session. You’re led back to the treatment unit to get irradiated. If I timed it right, the entire excursion could take me less than two hours including commute time. These trips would eventually start to feel like a job.
Science Meets YouTube: Embedded JoVE Videos
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

A recent D-F article discussed the potential for online videos in chemical research. Although chemistry has been slow to catch on, biologists have been busy creating phenomenal video content. One of the best efforts in this space is the Journal of Visualized Experiements (JoVE). YouTube videos spread so quickly in part because of their ability to be embedded into other Websites.
Google for Molecules with InChIMatic
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

InChIMatic is a simple Web application that uses Google to perform exact structure searches on the Web. After drawing your structure in the editor window, click the “InChI!” button to get a link. This link takes you to a Google query that displays matches for your molecule. You’ll need both Java and JavaScript enabled in your browser to use InChIMatic.
Five Things to Do Instead of Protesting the Research Works Act (HR 3699)
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

The Research Works Act (‘RWA’, or HR 3699) would reverse the US federal government policy of requiring recipients of National Institutes of Health (NIH) funds to deposit copies of their research papers into PubMed Central. It would also prevent the adoption of similar policies by other federal funding agencies going forward.
Scaffolding
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

The creation of Linux is, in part, the stuff of legend. But ESR does make an interesting observation on one role that Open Source software can play in building complex systems. Rather than viewing Open Source software as a permanent fixture of a larger system, why not view it as temporary scaffolding to be replaced, in part or in full, after the system has been fully implemented and all of its requirements are known?
Always Be Testing: Using Mockito in MX
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Test-driven development (TDD) is an iterative technique for software development in which a failing test is written

before

a single line of production code is written. Like any technique, it has its limitations and isn’t applicable in every situation. Nevertheless, TDD is a powerful method to create more robust low-level code and more effective high-level designs. The early days of TDD were not much fun.
Manage Your Bibliography with Firefox and Zotero
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Compiling and managing a bibliography is still a pain. The problem is that too many of the available tools require more busywork than necessary. Copying, pasting, and especially transcribing all fall into this category. And most tools fail to take advantage of the fact that the Web browser has become the de facto standard tool for scientific information gathering. A piece of software called Zotero may change this.
Web-Centric Science
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

From

The Realm of Organic Synthesis

comes a common feeling of frustration with the way scientific information is distributed, and an increasingly common proposal for a solution: Today we’re witnessing a major re-evaluation of the scientific publication system. At issue is the fundamental inefficiency with the way things work - in terms of time, effort, and especially money.
Which Programming Language Should I Learn as a Chemist?
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Reddit Chemistry hosts an interesting discussion about which programming language is most useful to learn as a chemist. This is an important question as chemists everywhere come face-to-face with the worst job market on record. Combining a good chemistry background with a useful skill such as computer programming would be one strategy for staying prepared for whatever lies ahead.
Delocalization-Induced Molecular Equality
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Molecular representation underpins all of cheminformatics and, arguably, chemistry itself. Getting molecular representation right is hard because it supports so many applications, and because all forms of molecular representation have limitations. When a molecular representation system finds its way into applications for which it’s underqualified, the result can range from annoying to catastrophic.
Demystifying Java Applets Part 2 - DRY Deployment with the Javay Method
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Java applets are easy to deploy in a standards-compliant way across multiple browsers - you just need to know how. The previous article in this series gave some general pointers to better applet deployment, including the use of the  tag.
V3000 Molfile Enhanced Stereochemistry Representation
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Stereoisomerism plays a crucial role in the science and technology of chemistry, but this is a relatively new development. Analytical and synthetic techniques have not yet advanced to the stage that allows configuration to be assigned with the same ease as other aspects of molecular structure. Depending on the context, it’s still not unusual for configuration to remain partially or completely unknown indefinitely.
Node.js
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

[Flash Content Scrubbed] Definitely worth checking out Node.js.
The FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Did you know that United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maintains a Substance Registration System (SRS) that aims to centralize information on every ingredient contained in domestically-marketed foods, drugs, and medical devices? A central component of this system is the Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII). The key documentation and resources on this system are scattered and extremely difficult to locate.
The Quiet Revolution in Scientific Peer-Review: An Introduction to Research Blogging
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

A quiet revolution is taking place in the way the primary research literature gets reviewed. Like all revolutions in their infancy, this one looks hungry, raggedy and generally not respectable. But that could change rather quickly given the right technology. Research Blogging is a brand new service that aggregates commentary about the peer-reviewed literature appearing on blogs.
A 2D Chemical Structure Editor for the Web - Embracing Constraints in Firefly
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

A previous article outlined the major concepts behind Firefly, a new 2D structure editor for the Web. Structure editors are unique in that they require solutions to problems in so many different areas: graphical user interface design; chemical structure aesthetics; 2D graphics and geometry; molecular representation; and graph theory, to name a few.
A Guide to Molecular Standardization
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

What set of features uniquely characterize a given molecule? What modes of representation should be fixed or rejected, and under what conditions? Given that machine-based molecular encodings have been in use for more than sixty years, it might seem that such questions have long since been resolved. Nevertheless, the topic casts a long shadow to this day, particularly when dataset curation or property prediction come into play.
Cheminformatics and Micropublication in Chemistry
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Over at Zusammen, a post on open notebook science and the least publishable unit drew some interesting comments. Jean-Claude Bradley introduced the term “micropublication”, which seems to describe the concept very well. A follow-up article explores the background and requirements for a workable micropublication system in chemistry. Many of the points apply to any experimental science.
Changes
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Computers have been used to solve chemical informatics problems for a long time. Hardware and software have changed radically, but surprisingly, many of the most important problems of 1956 are still significant in 2006. Like many older information industries, chemical informatics has been dominated by a few big players for most of its existence.
The SMILES Antipattern
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

In the last few days I’ve been part of some interesting discussions around the question of whether pasting SMILES (or InChI) strings into text fields the sign of bad interface design. Could it be that this practice actually rises to the level of an antipattern?
Beginning of the End for ACS Journal Print Editions
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

The most recent C&EN contains this tidbit - and this time it’s no joke: It’s not totally clear what “rotated and condensed” means, but if it’s what I’m thinking, ACS might as well stop the printing presses now. I’ve run across one or two of these “rotated and condensed” journals - and they are barely usable. The “rotated” part means that holding the thing feels like you’re flipping through a calendar.
Fast Hydrogen Counting in SMILES
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

SMILES is the de facto standard for compact molecular representation in cheminformatics. One reason for its efficiency is hydrogen suppression, which has been covered here before. Of course, the thing about leaving hydrogens out of a molecular graph is that sooner or later they’ll need to be put back in. There are many ways to do this, with varying costs. This article takes a look at this problem and proposes a simple, efficient solution.
How To Kill the DOI System
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

I’ve gotten just a few too many of these kinds of these DOI fail messages lately and it’s starting to get old. Call me crazy, but when a DOI resolution still doesn’t work after one month and there’s not so much as a confirmation that the problem is being looked at (or that maybe I’m doing something wrong), that’s no way to serve customers or build confidence. As part of an ongoing project, I’ve found numerous examples of failed DOI resolutions.
ChemWriter Now Available for Download
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

A 2D chemical structure editor is a key component in most cheminformatics systems. With an ever-increasing number of groups using the Web as a cheminformatics platform, the need for a structure editor built specifically around the capabilities and constraints of the Web becomes more apparent.
What Goes Around Comes Around: University of California Threatens System-Wide Boycott of Nature Publishing Group
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

In what’s unlikely be the last incident of its kind, the University of California is preparing its faculty and students for what could be a system-wide boycott of Nature Publishing Group.
Encapsulated PostScript for Cheminformatics
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Previous articles have discussed ways to display chemical structures in a variety of vector graphics formats, including Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), Vector Markup Language (VML), and Shockwave Flash (SWF, or “Flash”). There is one other vector graphics format still in common use that has so far not been discussed: Encapsulated PostScript (EPS). EPS is a vector graphics format developed by Adobe Systems specifically for desktop publishing.
Interconvert Database Formats in Rails with YamlDB
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

The database backends for both Zusammen and the Metamolecular Product Blog started out as SQLite databases during development. If you’re not familiar with SQLite, it’s a fast, single-file, zero-administration database system. And it works very well in some cases, such as when you’re developing a Web application. But deployment is another matter. In Rails, for example, the SQLite database file lives inside your project directory.
Casual Saturdays: Linked Data
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

More like business casual, but still worth watching.
Taming the Wild Things
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Synthetic Organic Chemistry has found a new pet. It’s called Organometallic Chemistry and comes in many breeds including the Piano Stool Sheppard, the Square-Planar Spaniel, and the ever-popular Metallocene Terrier. As much as Cheminformatics may want these unruly creatures to just go away, their intelligence and fierce, although easily-distracted, loyalty has earned a place in the hearts and notebooks of many chemists.
Virtual Hydrogens
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

What’s the difference between computational chemistry and cheminformatics? Computational chemists encode all the hydrogens. This tongue-in-cheek statement, whose origins I don’t recall, isn’t far off the mark. It stands to reason that if hydrogens are going to be deleted, there needs to be a good way to bring them back. This article proposes some language intended to simplify what has become an unnecessarily complex problem.
Sowing Seeds on Rocky Soil
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

My grandfather, Kenneth Orville Holloway (“Kenny”) worked at the Hanford Engineer Works in Richland, Washington, where he died suddenly at the age of 35. Other than a sketchy outline of his life, I knew almost nothing about him as a person or his work at “the atom bomb factory.” Starting with a handful of fragmentary family stories and a couple of online subscriptions, I took the first steps toward unraveling his story.
Paginated Archives in Radiant CMS: The Power of Minimal But Extendable Systems
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

If you’ve ever needed to build a Website hosting mostly static content, you’ve probably tried out a few Content Management Systems. The problem is not finding them - there must be hundreds. The problem is finding one that successfully walks the fine line between being minimal (so that you can do things your way) and powerful (so that it can grow with your needs). Radiant CMS is one of those systems.
Zusammen: The Other Half of the Story
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Chemistry and the Web should be a natural fit for each other, but for a variety of reasons, they haven’t been. Part of the reason is cultural; part is technical. The good news is that the situation is starting to change for the better on both fronts. For the last two years, Depth-First has discussed, sometimes in great detail, many of the technical issues facing chemistry as it slowly begins to embrace the Web.
Yale University Libraries Cancel BioMed Central Membership in the Face of Spiraling Costs
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Yale University has ended it’s financial support of BioMed Central’s Open Access Membership program effective July 27, 2007. Under the program, Yale libraries paid an annual fee to cover the costs of submissions by Yale authors to BioMed Central (BMC) open access journals. Yale authors can continue to submit manuscripts to BMC, but must pay for all charges themselves.
Beyond Stereochemical Templates
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Stereoisomerism is an essential component of molecular structure. But chemistry’s ability to devise new stereoisomer forms long ago outstripped the ability of mainstream cheminformatics tools to represent them. Anything more complicated than tetrahedral configuration or alkene conformation often presents a challenge. This problem will ultimately be solved by generalized approaches to stereochemical representation.
Quick MX Update - Extensible Fingerprints and Hydrogen-Blocked Substructure Queries
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

The master branch of MX now features support for two very important cheminformatics capabilities:

Extensible Fingerprints.

Lets you fine-tune the performance of your binary path-based fingerprints. Change path depth, number of bits, and the characters used to generate the fingerprints. The default implementation differentiates cycle paths from non-cycle paths, as well as unsaturated from saturated atom types.
Building Chempedia - A RESTful Web API for Chemical Information
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

In a 2007 interview, Biz Stone, cofounder of Twitter, commented on the role Twitter’s Web API played in the growth of the now ubiquitous messaging service: Done right, a Web API can add significant value to a website by offering a way for third-party developers to get involved. In other words, a Web API is a prerequisite for creating a Web platform.
Making the Case: Milestones in Bio- and Chem(o)informatics
Authors: Apodaca Richard L.
Published: December 2024

An article by Thomas Engel honoring Johann Gasteiger has recently appeared in J. Chem. Inf. Model. Tucked between two pages of text is a fascinating full-color, full-page timeline of Bio- and Chem(o)informatics. It starts with the abacus in 3000 B.C. and Libavius’ Alchemia in 1500 A.D. Near the end, it records the advent of virtual screening in 1998.
Analysis of the state of organic soybean production in Serbia
Authors: Golijan-Pantović Jelena , Dimitrijević Bojan , Sečanski Mile , Gordanić Stefan
Published: December 2024

Regardless of the plant species, organic cultivation is carried out according to legally prescribed principles, i.e. according to IFOAM standards. The products produced in this way are of high quality, without residues of pesticides and other chemicals. Soya is a plant of great economic importance, one of the most important field crops. It is used to produce important products for human and domestic animal nutrition as well as for industrial processing. The paper uses data from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia for an analysis of the state of organic soya production in the Republic of Serbia. Soybean production based on organic principles has been successfully practised for many years, and the area under cultivation has increased fivefold in the last ten years. The largest production of organic soybeans takes place in Vojvodina (477.04 ha), where the agro-ecological conditions are the most favorable. However, on the entire territory of the Republic of Serbia, organic soybean production is still small, considering the exceptional ecological conditions and market needs.
Comparative study of the production potential of indigenous poultry breeds of Banat naked neck and Svrljig hen: Reproductive parameters and egg quality
Authors: Škrbić Zdenka , Petričević Veselin , Rakonjac Simeon , Dosković Vladimir , Tolimir Nataša , Bogosavljević-Bošković Snežana , Lukić Miloš
Published: December 2024

In order to preserve indigenous and locally adapted breeds through development programs for sustainable egg and meat production, it is necessary to have more data on the potential of these breeds in different production conditions. Accordingly, the objective of the study was to determine and compare the reproductive potential, production performance and egg quality of two indigenous poultry breeds: the Banat Naked Neck (BNN) and the Svrljig Hen (SH), in improved growing conditions (nutrition, photoperiod and housing) in relation to the traditional rearing of these breeds. Four flocks for each breed were housed in floor pens in a closed facility during the winter months, and then in the vegetation season (April-September) they were kept in mobile cages in the pasture. The duration of the photoperiod in the facility was 15 hours, and in the pasture, they were exposed to the natural duration of daylight. The layers were fed ad libitum with balanced complete mixtures for layer-line hybrids and during the vegetation season supplemented with food found in the pasture around the mobile cage. The reproductive potential of BNN and SH hens was determined on the basis of the age of the hens at the beginning of laying, the age at the peak of laying and the number of eggs per housed hen. The egg hatching properties were examined based on the percentage of chicks hatching in relation to the number of laid and fertilized eggs. Data on the quality of table eggs were obtained by testing over eight-week periods during the entire laying period. Under the applied rearing, nutrition and photoperiod conditions, BNN hens achieved production in accordance with their genetic potential defined by the breed standard, while SH layers with 126.43 eggs/housed hen achieved production higher than the breed standard. The egg production of these two breeds of hens differed in the intensity and persistence of laying, which, in addition to a higher peak of laying, resulted in a higher production of egg/housed hen BNN (146.71) compared to SH. On the other hand, parameters of table egg quality, i.e., shell quality and egg albumen/yolk ratio, were significantly better in SH. Also, SH had a higher reproductive potential compared to BNN hens based on the percentage of fertilized and hatched eggs.
Situation factors in purchasing organic food
Authors: Čolović Milica , Mitić Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Despite the lack of information and the insufficient level of consumer knowledge, the organic food market has recorded constant growth in the last twenty years and has an increasing share in the total food and beverage market. The most common motives of consumers for buying organic food are concern for health, absence of pesticides and chemical agents, concern for animal welfare and environmental protection, better quality of organic food and backup to the local economy. The main goal of this paper is to examine the relationship between certain situational motives and the incidence of buying organic food. The research was conducted in the form of a questionnaire filled out by 400 respondents. The SPSS program version 26 was used to process the collected data. In addition to descriptive statistics, which was used to better represent the sample in the research, non-parametric techniques of the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance test were also used. The results showed that factors such as proximity to organic food stores, consumer car ownership and constant internet connection were associated with the frequency of organic food purchases, while factors such as type of working hours and length of employment contract were not. Also, employees in healthcare and education buy organic food products more often than employees in other sectors.
An early eighteenth-century treatment for equine bot fly
Authors: Duffin Christopher
Published: December 2024

This paper presents brief comments on an early modern treatment for infestation of horses by BOT fly (probaby Gasterophilus intestinalis). The Scottish author and physician, Martin Martin (c. 1660-1718) records the rural Gaelic practise of treating diseased animals using water in which Jurassic belemnites, probably belonging to the genus Megateuthis and collected from Bajocian rocks on the Eastern shores of the Isle of Skye, had been steeped. This means of treatment is something of an outlier in the range of medicinal uses of belemnites, and the philosophy behind it is not clear.
Data sources on internal migration in Serbia from the aspect of spatial planning
Authors: Nikolić Teodora
Published: December 2024

The spatial patterns of internal migration trace general socio-economic processes and thus represent one of the most important indicators of the diffusion of development within the territory. At the same time, internal migration flows represent a feedback loop for the increase of development disproportions. Considering that one of the main strategic objectives of spatial development in Serbia at all territorial levels (national, regional and local) is a more balanced distribution of the population, a broader and deeper insight into the extent and flows of internal migration can make an important contribution to spatial planning. Against this background, the study aims to identify various sources of statistical data and possible methodological solutions for conducting an analysis of internal migration in Serbia. The study utilises three different types of data provided by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, including: Population Census (migration characteristics of the population), Internal Migration statistics (immigration and emigration data based on changes of residence) and birth and death statistics (combined with population census data). The research results provide information on the advantages and disadvantages of using the above-mentioned data sources, e.g. data quality, availability, level of detail, etc. In addition, a comparative analysis carried out with all three data sources revealed on specific examples possible discrepancies in the results.
The housing market in Serbia: Segmentation, arbitrage and overvaluation
Authors: Marinković Srđan , Radović Ognjen , Radojičić Jelena
Published: December 2024

The paper discusses market trends and analyzes the regularities that appear on the Serbian national housing market and regional submarkets. It is assumed that, apart from the Common Market driving forces, the market for newly constructed houses and the market for the existing housing stock behave like two separate segments of the housing market with the imperfect adjustment of prices. The prime focus of the analysis is on the divergence between the prices in those two segments, with a special interest in the process of mutual adjustments. Granger causality tests are employed in order to reveal whether there is a causal relationship between the price indices in those two segments and it has been found that there is a causality relation between the existing housing market and the newly constructed house market prevailing among the regional submarkets. The same methodology is applied to test if there is any such causality between the regional markets. The results have confirmed a likely influence of the Belgrade new construction market on the other regional markets. The findings will help understand the process of price adjustments between the two market segments and will lead to policy recommendations.
Determinants of the occurrence of financial distress in medium-sized and big public jointstock companies
Authors: Dimitrijević Dragomir , Milutinović Sunčica , Stanković Predrag
Published: December 2024

Forecasting financial distress in companies is very significant bearing in mind the complexity and dynamics of the modern business environment. Accordingly, the subject matter of this research study is the determinants of the occurrence of the financial distress that may lead a company to bankruptcy. The study is aimed at determining the interdependence (correlation) between certain determinants of the occurrence of financial distress and the indicators of the probability of the occurrence of financial distress and considering the difference in the probability of the occurrence of financial distress before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Serbia. The research was conducted on a sample of 73 publicly traded companies, of which 22 belong to the group of big companies, and 51 to the group of medium-sized companies over the 2018-2022 period. The results have shown that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between the determinants of profitability, liquidity and solvency and the probability of financial distress. In addition, it was shown that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between leverage and the probability of financial distress, as well as between company growth and the Altman Z-score indicator. It is concluded that there is a statistically significant difference in the value of the Altman Z-score indicator before and after the onset of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus.
Antioxidative and functional properties of plum oil cake protein isolate prepared by different drying methods
Authors: Pantić Jovana , Šuput Danijela , Hromiš Nevena , Đermanović Branislava , Popović Ljiljana , Popović Senka
Published: December 2024

The global demand for proteins is constantly increasing, resulting in the need for science and industry to explore novel raw materials for protein extraction. Plum oil cake, obtained after plum oil cold pressing, has great potential as a nutritious, low-cost material. The high protein content (up to 50%) of this by-product is ideal for valuable protein-rich ingredients extraction. Protein isolates from plum oil cake (PPI) were prepared using different drying methodsthermal drying (PPIT) and freeze-drying (PPIF). Obtained isolates were compared in terms of their antioxidative properties and techno-functional properties. Protein content and process yield were also examined, resulting in high protein content (over 96%) with no influence of the drying method. The light colour of PPIF would be more appealing to consumers and more suitable for incorporation into food systems. The functional properties of the protein isolates were not significantly affected by different drying methods except for protein solubility. Both PIs exhibited minimum protein solubility at pH 5.0 and maximum solubility at pH 10.0, while PPIF was much more soluble than PPIT. The freeze-drying method led to a much higher antioxidant activity of PPIF. Overall, protein isolates from plum cake obtained from different processing methods differed in appearance, solubility and antioxidant capacity, but yield, protein content and other functional properties were similar. This information will be useful in optimising the production of this protein isolate and benefitting its applications.
Investigation of the antioxidant properties of extracts of spent coffee grounds
Authors: Milić Anita , Tepić-Horecki Aleksandra , Škaljac Snežana , Šumić Zdravko , Cvetković Biljana , Pavlić Branimir , Jokanović Marija
Published: December 2024

Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. During coffee processing, a significant amount of by-products is generated, with coffee grounds being the primary byproduct resulting from both beverage preparation and instant coffee production. The yield of bioactive compounds extracted from coffee grounds depends on the type of coffee and its growing and processing conditions. The antioxidant activity of coffee grounds is mainly attributed to their high phenolic content. The main goal of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of dried coffee grounds remaining in the machine after espresso preparation, focusing on determining the total phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity through FRAP, DPPH and ABTS tests. Four solvents were used for the extraction and isolation of antioxidant components: 70% ethanol, distilled water and mixtures of 70% ethanol: water in different ratios (70% water and 30% ethanol, and 30% water and 70% ethanol). Based on the research results, it was concluded that the solvents of ethanol and its mixtures with water present a better solution for maximizing the contents of phenols and flavonoids, as well as for achieving the highest antioxidant activity in spent coffee grounds extracts. The results of this research also suggest that coffee waste could be used as a significant source of bioactive compounds, provided that appropriate extraction solvents are used. This study highlights the potential of spent coffee grounds as a sustainable source of antioxidants, contributing to the reduction of food waste. By valorizing coffee waste, this research is in line with sustainability goals and offers a valuable approach to recycling food by-products.
Technological benefits of relocation and extension a continuous part of the coal transport system
Authors: Doderović Aleksandar , Gomilanović Miljan , Stanić Nikola , Stepanović Saša , Kržanović Daniel
Published: December 2024

Due to the changing conditions of the working environment or its insufficient knowledge, the coal exploitation takes place with smaller or larger deviations from the designed or planned activities. Depending on which segment of the entire exploitation system the deviation occurred, it will also depend on the extent to which the deviation will affect the profitability and efficiency of exploitation. If major accidents are excluded, the technological process of transport has the greatest impact on the efficiency and economy of exploitation. The newly created situation at the open pit Gacko - Central Field in terms of coal transportation was analyzed in the presented paper. Also, the benefits are presented that arise as a result of reconstruction the combined coal transport system, continuous and discontinuous part. The system reconstruction included the extension of continuous part of transport and relocation the crusher closer to the front of the works, in order to reduce operating costs. On the other hand, discontinuous transport is reduced to the zone where the works are carried out, in order to reduce the operating costs and use the maneuverability of discontinuous equipment. This paper explains the technological-organizational, economic and ecological benefits of reconstruction the coal transport system, for the short and long term.
Slot development using the controlled blasting in the ore body "Borska reka"
Authors: Vojinović Ivica , Svrkota Igor , Stojanović Miloš , Šabaz Dragan , Rajković Radmilo
Published: December 2024

The occurrence of deviations in the drilling of long blast holes can negatively impact the quality of blasting and safety of personnel and pillars in the room and pillar mining methods. The application of controlled blasting through a two-step blasting process for creating a compensation chamber (slot) is presented due to the occurrence of blast hole deviations. Initiation sequences of holes in the two-step blasting process were determined by surveying the holes and simulating blasting in the Datamine Aegis software. Blasting the lower and upper parts of the slot created a free space of approximately 840 m³ with an approximate specific explosive consumption of 2.25 kg/m³
Determination of safety distances due to the seismic earthquakes during blasting at the Open Pit North Mining District of the Majdanpek copper mine
Authors: Rajković Radmilo , Gomilanović Miljan , Kržanović Daniel , Stepanović Saša , Mikić Miomir , Jovanović Milenko
Published: December 2024

Majdanpek is located right next to the mine, so blasting at the Open Pit North Mining District could have an impact on the environment. If the intensity of that impact exceeds the prescribed limits, the harmful and dangerous consequences could be for people and facilities. In order to protect the environment from the harmful effects of blasting, the standards for protection and limits for the intensity of manifestation the certain effects of blasting at a certain distance are prescribed. This paper shows the determination of safety distances during blasting due to the seismic waves.
Application of the mineral processing methods in recycling the waste printed circuit boards
Authors: Magdalinović Srđana , Dimitrijević Silvana , Ivanović Aleksandra , Petrović Sanja , Krstić Slađana
Published: December 2024

Development of the modern society has resulted in the production of various electronic equipment that becomes obsolete very quickly. This outdated equipment has been dumped on the landfills for many years. Electronic waste contains a significant amount of useful elements, so it represents a real resource for valorization. The presence of harmful elements classifies it as a hazardous waste, why a disposal in a specific area with special conditions is necessary. On the other hand, the massive exploitation of primary deposits has led to their depletion, creating an escalating demand for the new exploitation and concentration methods. Development of the recycling methods for such material is necessary from an economic and ecological point of view. Waste printed circuit boards can conditionally be viewed as a complicated mineral raw material. In mining, a methodology has been developed by which samples are tested to determine the concentration procedure. The same or similar approach is used during recycling. In this paper, an overview of the preparation methods of mineral raw materials that can be or are used in the recycling of waste printed circuit boards was carried out.
Lime soil stabilization
Authors: Ignjatović Dragan , Ignjatović Snežana , Đurđevac Vanja , Đurđevac-Ignjatović Lidija , Tašić Dušan
Published: December 2024

Soil stabilization represents process for improvements physical-mechanical and deformation feature of soil, adding binders. There are two basic kinds of stabilization: mechanical and chemical. Chemical stabilization of soil refers on addition binders to basic material of soil. The most common materials in chemical stabilization soil are lime and cement. In this work will to be shown the results stabilization soil with lime, for access roads on territory of the city of Bor.
The impact of annealing temperatures and chemical assays on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of CuNi9Sn2
Authors: Ivanović Aleksandra , Dimitrijević Silvana , Dimitrijević Stevan , Mir Shaila
Published: December 2024

The interest in copper-based alloys with nickel and tin is constantly increasing. In this regard, certain tests were performed on CuNi9Sn2 alloy samples. In this work, the influence of annealing temperature and chemical composition on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of CuNi9Sn2 was investigated. Tensile strength (Rm), yield strength (Rp0,2) and elongation (A) were determined in the function of annealing temperatures and content of added elements (Li and B) at a constant deformation degree.
Conceptual design of hydrotechnical installation for sprinkling the tailing dump in the mines and flotation plant Kopaonik - Leposavić
Authors: Rajković Branislav , Kamenović Vladan , Ilić Zoran , Obradović Ljubiša , Angelov Goran
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a description of operation and main elements of mechanical installation on an example of the conceptual design of the hydrotechnical installation for sprinkling the MFP Kopaonik tailing dump. Calculation for the pump selection is given at the level of conceptual design in the calculation part. Presentation of the PID of installation for sprinkling the tailing dump, as well as the technical characteristics of the main elements of installation, are also given.
Headless compression screw for surgical treatment of Scaphoid fractures
Authors: Kostov Hristijan , Gavrilovski Andreja , Merdzanoski Igor , Spasov Marko , Gjorikj-Petrushevka Magdalena , Ilie-Mihajlova Mila
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Scaphoid bone fractures are common and present unique challenges due to the bone's specific fracture patterns and vascular supply. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of acute scaphoid fractures are crucial to prevent nonunion and subsequent wrist arthritis. While non-displaced fractures can often be managed conservatively, advancements in diagnostics, surgical techniques, and implant materials have driven an increasing preference for early surgical fixation. Patients and Methods: Over a 12-month period, 10 male patients with scaphoid fractures underwent surgical treatment at the University Clinic of Traumatology in Skopje, from January 2022 to March 2024. The patients' mean age was 27.3 years. Diagnosis was confirmed using CT scans and X-rays, with four fractures affecting the left hand and six the right. All patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation using a headless compression screw. A volar approach was used in nine cases, and a dorsal approach in one. Six patients were treated surgically within 4-14 days post-injury, while four were treated for nonunion after previous conservative management. Among these four, two presented at three months and two at seven months post-injury. The latter group required spongyoplasty and osteosynthesis due to scaphoid deformity , resorption, and bone loss. Results: Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-surgery. Physical therapy commenced four weeks after surgery, and radiographic monitoring continued until fracture healing was confirmed. No cases of wrist osteoarthritis were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Although this study represents a small series, it highlights the importance of individualized clinical decision-making for scaphoid fractures. Early surgical intervention can enhance comfort, facilitate quicker return to daily activities, and reduce immobilization duration.
Modified Convolutional Neural Networks for Efficient and Precise Brain Tumor Diagnosis in Clinical Application Use
Authors: S Karthick
Published: December 2024

Brain tumor is the growth of abnormal brain cells, some of which have the potential to develop into cancer. For medical professionals, it is quite difficult to diagnose brain tumors early. They assess the Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans for finding the brain tumor. Searching through the vast number of MRI images by hand to find a brain tumor is now extremely time consuming and inaccurate. Using basic imaging techniques to identify aberrant brain areas is challenging. This work uses image processing techniques to automatically detect and classify brain tumors. There are four primary steps in the methodology: The first step is image preprocessing, in which the Gaussian filter is used to enhance and filter the images. Second, the Global Thresholding approach for image segmentation. Third, the features of the image are extracted using the Local Binary Pattern (LBP). Fourth, the classification of brain cancers is done using the Modified Convolutional Neural Network (CNN).This classifier is implemented using the python software. The findings show that it offers greater accuracy and the results are then contrasted with those of earlier classification methods. This classification algorithm is executed with greater performances and detect the brain tumor in MRI images with more favorable results.
Evaluation of the Role of Accounting Information Systems in Increasing the Accuracy of Financial Reporting in MSME Companies
Authors: Hartoto Hartoto , Nova Vivian , Triatmaja Nur Asih
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate the role of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) in enhancing the accuracy of financial reporting within Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Employing a qualitative research approach through literature review and library research, this paper synthesizes existing studies and theoretical frameworks related to the implementation and impact of AIS on financial reporting in MSMEs. The research highlights the importance of AIS in improving financial data accuracy, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements, and supporting decision-making processes. Through a systematic review of relevant academic articles, reports, and case studies, the study identifies key factors such as system integration, data accuracy, and user competence that contribute to the successful implementation of AIS in MSMEs. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges and barriers MSMEs face in adopting AIS, including cost constraints, lack of technical expertise, and resistance to change. The findings indicate that although AIS can significantly improve financial reporting accuracy, many MSMEs still struggle with proper system adoption and integration. The paper concludes by proposing strategies for MSMEs to overcome these barriers and leverage AIS to enhance their financial transparency and reporting accuracy. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on accounting information systems and provides practical recommendations for MSME owners and policymakers aiming to improve financial reporting practices.
Classificação de imagens para cadastro de vegetação arbórea no município de Pelotas, RS, Brasil
Authors: Mendes Marjana Ferreira , Ferreira Mendes Mayara , Silva Felipe Martins Marques da
Published: December 2024

Dentro do planejamento urbano das cidades, torna-se extremamente necessário um plano diretor de áreas de preservação nativas que está integrado ao setor de política ambiental. A falta de um sistema eficiente de monitoramento das áreas nativas fomenta o crescimento desordenado das cidades que não possuíam o devido planejamento, desencadeando graves problemas ambientais e desequilíbrios sociais. Nesta perspectiva, o estudo caracterizou integrado ao ambiente SIG (Sistema de Informações Geográficas) com uma análise no uso e cobertura da terra visando principalmente à vegetação no município de Pelotas – RS, Brasil, através da classificação supervisionada MAXVER (pixel a pixel) Ortofotos. Resultados obtidos aqui permitem a produção de mapas temáticos a partir das características tabuladas que contribuem para a eficácia das classificações associadas a uma redução do tempo e custo do trabalho de preservação das áreas nativas, auxiliando nos pontos que devem ser melhor fiscalizados por estarem sujeitos a maiores irregularidades.