bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
About the Kievan Chronicle Author’s Work
Authors: Lavrenchenko Maria
Published: September 2022

Among the Chronicles of Old Rus’ study methods, there are both macro approaches, when the entire volume of the source is analyzed, and micro approaches, when certain linguistic features or episodes of the narrative are examined. Considering the specific peculiarities of the Kievan Chronicle, it seems reasonable for me to choose an intermediate approach, which implies choosing the groups of princely “speeches” restricted by a chronological scope of 1146—1154 years entries. Each group should be related by a single political situation and contain a unified phraseology. The following series of messages stand out among these groups: a series of messages of Izyaslav Mstislavich and Izyaslav and Vladimir Davydovichy, in which the rulers appeal to the previously concluded agreements, using figures of speech and formulas from agreement’s texts; a series of "drafts" of the future treaty, which can be found in the “speeches” of Izyaslav Mstislavich, Geza II and Vladimir Volodarevich; Izyaslav and Vyacheslav’s message to Geza II, given twice in the chronicle; the “speeches”, bearing clear signs of thinking up by the chronicler. The consideration of this material allowed us to take a new look at one of the Kievan Chronicle author’s work, who not only meticulously recorded the stages of the treaty’s conclusion and the actions of each participant, but also provided preparatory procedures, as well as the results of agreements, and the forms of later references to them. All this indicates that the chronicler’s focus was not only Rurikovichy relations, but also the work of the ambassador himself, where his own experience, as it seems played an important role.
Changes in the Icelandic Onomasticon in the 9th—13th Centuries as an Indicator of Political Status of the Icelandic Commonwealth
Authors: Litovskikh Elena
Published: September 2022

The paper analyzes the changes in the frequency of name use from the settlement of Iceland to the time it lost its independence. In the first period, in an effort to assert their own isolation from Norway, the Icelanders form a separate layer of family names that does not coincide with the Norwegian one. This tradition persists until the middle of the 13th century, when representatives of noble Icelandic families, trying to assimilate among the Norwegian nobility, begin to actively use, among other things, Norwegian names for their own children. The composition of Icelandic names is also affected by the greater ethnic diversity of Icelandic pioneers and their descendants, with Celtic names firmly occupying their niche in the Old Icelandic onomasticon. However, the adoption of Christianity was not reflected in any way in the Icelandic nomenclature for a long time, and pagan names continued to prevail throughout the entire period under study.
Life and Destiny of Mary Wollstonecraft (1759—1797): over the Barriers
Authors: Makarova Elena
Published: September 2022

The author of the article examines the life and work of the English writer and thinker Mary Wollstonecraft (1759—1797), who in the treatise “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” (1792) argued that women deserve equal rights and education with men. The biographical facts and psychological origins of her views, as well as the stages of their formation reflected in her writings, were studied. Dramatic collisions are highlighted, during which Wollstonecraft's views came into conflict with reality. These collisions are traced in the context of political events in England and France at the end of the 18th century and in the context of Mary's personal life. The correlation of Wollstonecraft's views which were formed within the framework of Enlightenment ideas, with feminism of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries is studied. The author focuses on the unique personality traits of Mary Wollstonecraft, without which her views and creativity cannot be fully understood.
Documents in Domestic and Foreign Archives on the Development of the Pacific North in the Petrine Era
Authors: Petrov Alexander
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of archives that contain information about the development of the North Pacific during travels of the late 17th — first quarter of the 18th centuries, especially the First and Second Kamchatka expeditions. In this study, we consider the issue of the availability of documents in the domestic federal archives and libraries of Moscow and St. Petersburg archives: State Historical Archive (RGIA), the Russian State Archive of the Navy (RGA VMF), departments of manuscripts of the Russian National Library (OR RNL) and the Russian State Library (OR RSL). We have studied rarely used archives by researchers: State Archive of Archangelsk region (GAAO), Kostroma Region Archive (GAKO), Vologda Region Archive (GAVO), Irkutsk Region Archive (GAIO) and others. We also drew attention to the foreign archives of the USA and Spain. The article is written using an interdisciplinary approach and based on a wide range of sources.
“I Have a Proposal to Make a Decision on this Matter…” Review on: Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee. Working Notes and Minutes of Meetings. 1968
Authors: Yablokov Boris
Published: September 2022

The professional request for a scientific understanding of the historical experience of the Soviet era contributed to the revival of researchers' interest in the study of the political system of the Soviet Union, which is impossible to imagine without referring to the documentary heritage of the CPSU. Publication of the collection of documents “The Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Working notes and minutes of meetings. 1968” continues the active work of the Russian State Archive of Modern History (RGANI) on the introduction into scientific circulation of documents of the 1960s — 1970s. The main goal that the compilers set when preparing the collection was to show the mechanism of state decision — making by one of the highest party bodies in the USSR on a unique set of historical sources, which are certainly working records and minutes of meetings of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
Review of the Historian V. T. Pashuto on the Book by N. N. Voronin about Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky
Authors: Kouznetsov Andrey
Published: September 2022

In 1945, N. N. Voronin, a specialist in the material culture and architecture of Old Rus’ and the Vladimir-Suzdal’ Principality, wrote a book about Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky of Vladimir (1157—1174). In 1946—1954, the book could not be published. In the history of historical science, the prevailing opinion is that the book was not published because of inconsistency with the ideological requirements of Soviet historical science. It is believed that this mood was most fully expressed by the historian V. T. Pashuto in his review. The author of the article argues that N. N. Voronin himself developed a prejudice under the influence of D. S. Likhachev, who supported him. The study of historical sources shows that V. T. Pashuto, on the contrary, proposed to publish the book as a historical monograph after a serious revision. V. T. Pashuto's criticism of the discrepancy between the historical research procedures of N.N. Voronin's book came into conflict with the representation of the past by supporters of the proto-culturological approach in comprehending the past. The present article uses documents studied by I.V. Kovalev, Yu.V. Krivosheev and published by Yu. V. Krivosheev.
Palaeography and Codicology of the 10th Century Greek Manuscripts: Methods of Attribution and Dating
Authors: Kurysheva Marina
Published: September 2022

This paper gives a brief overview of the current state of research on the palaeography and codicology of tenth-century Greek manuscripts. Although methods of attributing and dating individual handwritings and unique codicological features have now been developed in Greek palaeography, their application to the 9th to 11th century period was considered virtually impossible. This postulate is translated in all modern manuals on Greek palaeography. Our study of the individual peculiarities of the handwritings of the 10th century and the unique codicological characteristics of groups of codices enabled us to date, locate and attribute both individual manuscripts and their groups created in the most significant “scriptoriums” of Constantinople. Our emphasis was not on studying the “iconic” luxury codices, but on the most typical ones written in everyday handwriting of the era of the Macedonian dynasty. Our research has shown that the codices of the 9th to the 11th centuries can and should be studied by the same methods as those of subsequent centuries of Byzantine history.
Russian Diplomacy and the USA’s Seizure of the Phillipine Islands
Authors: Shacillo Vyacheslav
Published: September 2022

The article examines the main aspects of the foreign policy of the Russian Empire concerning the seizure of the Philippine Islands by the United States during the Spanish-American War of 1898. This event did not affect the vital interests of the Russian Empire and Russia during this war avoided taking any steps that could damage the friendly relations with the United States. On the other hand, while pursuing an active foreign policy in the Pacific region in those years, St. Petersburg feared the strengthening of the positions of the British and German Empires in the Far East. That is why the seizure of the Philippine Archipelago by the United States Russian diplomacy met with understanding and this step did not cause any objections in Saint Petersburg.
The Map of Cultural-Archaeological Areas of Eastern-European Plain in the 10th Century (to the Problem Posed)
Authors: Schavelev Aleksey
Published: September 2022

The paper presents an experimental map of archaeological cultural areas of the East European Plain in the 10th century, each of which represents a set of archaeological cultures and groups of archaeological complexes similar in a number of characteristics. In the paper the necessity of revision of traditional approach to the interpretation of the archaeological date of the East European plain, which is based on a rigid, but often a priori binding of groups of archaeological monuments to politonyms and ethnonyms, known from written sources, is substantiated. Since archaeological cultures have been named on the basis of such identifications, there is a need to revise the principles of their designation (naming). A bird’s-eye view of the East European Plain made it possible to see the process of the revolutionary transformation of this part of the geopolitical mega-structure of Eurasia, which took place during the “long 10th century”, from the last quarter of the 9th to the middle of the 11th century.
The Untimely Death of Monsieur de Vergennes
Authors: Pimenova Ludmila
Published: September 2022

The article examines the of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs count de Vergennes as a hypothetical “savior of the monarchy” at the very beginning of the pre-revolutionary crisis of 1787—1788 in France. The author shows the features of Vergennes’ tactics as a statesman, considers his position and connections in the court society, his reputation. In the ministerial post, Vergennes showed outstanding professional qualities, but failed to win popularity in public opinion. The article is based on diplomatic correspondence, diaries and memorials of contemporaries.
Noel Pearson: “A Friend Among Strangers, A Stranger Among His Own”?
Authors: Skorobogatykh Natalia
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the activities of one of the most famous human rights defenders in the Commonwealth of Australia, Noel Pearson, whose ideas and practical steps in the field of aboriginal politics attract the closest public attention. Coming from an Aboriginal family from Queensland, he established himself as the lawyer who successfully defended the land rights of indigenous peoples of Australia, and as the founder and head of the Cape York Institute for Politics and Leadership, where a number of reforms are being carried out in the Aboriginal communities under his care. However, his activities do not always enjoy the unanimous support of the Aboriginal community, but the Governments of the Commonwealth of Australia have been mainly on his side.
John Mitchel, the Irish Patriot: Paradoxes of Worldview
Authors: Sirotinskaya Mariya
Published: September 2022

Activities of John Mitchel, the Irish patriot, are traced in the article. Special attention is paid to his attitude toward slavery, his understanding of the role and significance of the “peculiar institution” in the U. S. political system. Author comes to the conclusion that the Irish patriot was in fact highly consistent in his outlook with regard to this problem. He supported slavery, denounced abolitionists, advocated the re-opening of the African slave trade, was explicitly racist in his reasoning. He championed the South in the American Civil War. Mitchel himself seems not to have seen any contradiction in defending freedom for the Irish nation and standing for slavery in America. Nowadays supporters of the “Black Lives Matter” movement view Mitchel, first of all, as a human rights violator.
“Childbearing” as a Direction of the Inner Policy of Late 16th-Century Russia
Authors: Stolyarova Lyubovj
Published: September 2022

The authors analyze the approaching dynastic crisis in late 16th-century Russia as a special direction of the policy of Tsar Fedor Ioannovich’s government. The policy was concerned, firstly, with the belittling of the dynastic rights of Dmitry of Uglich, and, secondly, with the attempts of Fedor and his wife Irina Fedorovna to bear their own heir. The latter problem was addressed with the use of all medical and non-medical resources available in the late 16th century: from secret diplomacy, invitation of foreign doctors and an English midwife to Russia to votive building, pilgrimage to monasteries, creating icons dedicated to saints who patron childbearing, and so on. Thirdly, the concentration of the ruling couple on pilgrimage, church building etc., for which much money and time was needed, was connected with the activity of Boris Godunov as the real head of the government. The collapse of this policy after the death of Princess Feodosia was the reason why Boris Godunov attempted to found a new, Godunov dynasty on the Muscovite throne.
Underground Man in Legal Position: Dostoevsky and Existential Philosophy
Authors: Fatenkov Aleksey
Published: September 2022

The text implements a peculiar approach to the well-known topic “Dostoevsky and existential philosophy”. The author introduces a metaphor, based on which, it seems possible to conceptually and laconically reconstruct the philosophical position of the Russian thinker and, at the same time, to explicate a number of paradigm features of existential ontology and epistemology. The main thing is in the appearance of another (perhaps not superfluous) dimension of understanding the human place in the world. “An underground man in a legal position” is the announced basic metaphor. It makes it possible to clarify the meaning of the idea of unconcealedness and concretizes the link of uniqueness and inconsistency, on which, characterizing a person, existentialism focuses on. A philosophical interpretation of the underground from the “Notes” of the same name written by F. M. Dostoevsky and, with reference to the novel «Demons», an interpretation of the vulgarized underground are given. The “method” of Dostoevsky, as far as it is generally correct to speak of such, is identified as existential dialectics.
On the Biography of Simon, one of the Authors of the Paterikon of the Kievan Cave Monastery
Authors: Artamonov Yuri
Published: September 2022

The author analyzes the evidence of the sources concerning the main points of Simon's biography, the first bishop of Vladimir and Suzdal and one of the authors of the Paterikon of the Kievan Cave Monastery. The hypothesis is that Simon was a descendant of Shimon the Varingian who arrived in Rus in the middle of 11th century. Simon’s desire to commemorate the role of this kin in the past of one of Rus’s most significant monasteries resulted in creating an ‘alternative’ version of the history of the house that was described in the Word of the Kievan Cave Church. This work was addressed to descendants of Shimon the Varangian settled down in Suzdal rather than to the monks of the Cave Monastery. It is highly likely that Monk Polikarp also was one of Shimon’s descendants.
Anxiety, Academic Resilience, and Burnout Among Medical Students in Iran: A Cross-sectional Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Saberi Alia , Saadat Sajjad , Ashraf Ali , Lakeh Masumeh Heydari , Entezari Marjan , Hatamian Hamidreza
Published: September 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had unpleasant consequences for health care providers, including medical stagers and intern students; due to the importance of this issue, this study was conducted to evaluate anxiety, resilience and burnout.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on stager and intern medical students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Rasht, Iran. Data were collected using a list containing Student Demographic Information, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBISS), Academic Resilience Inventory (ARI) and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.19 at the level of significance 0.05.
Results: High levels of burnout and anxiety were calculated to be 21.1 and 7%, respectively. Burnout score was higher in people with grade point average less than 17 (p=0.014); burnout score was also higher in males (p=0.009). Other results showed that COVID-19 anxiety score was significantly higher in females (p=0.029). The results of multivariate linear regression indicated that the variables including academic resilience (β=0.330) and COVID-19 anxiety (β=0.218) significantly explain 20% of the variance of burnout in students. Also, with the introduction of demographic variables, it was increased to 31% in which the share of gender variable (β=0.283) was significant in this model.
Conclusion: Academic resilience, anxiety and gender had an effective role on the rate of student burnout. Accordingly, it is suggested that health care providers and psychologists pay attention to student empowerment by providing appropriate therapeutic interventions during and after the COVID-19 epidemic.
Relationship Between Specialties of Managers and Crisis Management Function in Hospitals in Tehran
Authors: Tochaee Adel Tabrizi , Asadollahi-Amin Ali , NasiriPour Amir Ashkan , Boosiraz Abbas , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad
Published: September 2022

Background: Nowadays, doing any activity at any level without having specialized knowledge in that special field is impossible. The practice and implementation of crisis management including reduction, preparedness, response, and reconstruction requires the knowledge compatible with any measure which puts into practice all the existing and accessible information in its best way. Based on these facts, the present research investigates the relationship between specialties of managers and crisis management function in hospitals in Tehran.
Methods: The present study was conducted through survey method of research with a descriptive-analytical and correlational design. The statistical population included personnel working in hospitals in Tehran. For sampling procedure, randomized sampling was used. Based on Cochran formula, the size of samples was determined which included 80 hospital personnel encompassing 20 crisis management specialists.
Results: Considering the results obtained, there was a significant relationship between managers’ expertise and crisis management performance (p<0.005, R = 0.24). According to the regression analysis, 6% of the changes in crisis management performance were associated with the managers’ expertise.
Conclusion: Given the relationship between the managers’ expertise and the performance of crisis management in Tehran Hospitals, it seems that with more focus on the expertise of hospital managers and the importance of training and skills of managers in appointing them to managerial positions, crisis management in hospitals has been more successful.
Renal Involvement in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Correlation with Outcomes
Authors: Amini Manouchehr , Yaghoubi Fatemeh , Akhavan Marjan , Abbasloo Samira , Tavakoli Farnaz , Baghdadi Azarakhsh , Hakemi Monir Sadat
Published: September 2022

Background: While respiratory tract symptoms are the most frequent reasons for hospital admission in COVID-19 patients, renal involvement is common and is associated with worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors and outcome of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a referral center.
Methods: In a retrospective review, patients hospitalized for COVID-
19 from February 2020 through April 2020 in a referral COVID center were studied. Demographic data, pre-existing comorbidities and drug history, along with laboratory data at presentation and during admission were recorded. AKI was diagnosed based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Data were analyzed to determine the incidence, risk factors and mortality of AKI.
Results: Finally, 200 patients were included, with a mean age of 60.5 years. Of these, 126 (63%) developed AKI and this number was 73.5% among the ICU-admitted patients. Patients who developed AKI were 4.29 times more likely to die. Pre-existing CKD, treatment with immunosuppressant, ICU admission, and the need for hemodialysis, were significantly associated with mortality. Among the eleven renal transplant recipients in this study, we found that a prior renal transplant was not associated with a higher rate of AKI but was significantly associated with increased mortality after correcting for age and gender.
Conclusion:  Our findings showed a high incidence of AKI in patients admitted due to COVID-19, with a higher risk in ICU patients and it was a significant predictor of mortality. Further research is encouraged to understand the etiology of AKI, along with the long-term outcomes in the patients.
Mourning During COVID-19 Pandemic in Bojnurd, a City in Northeast of Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Shoraka Hamid Reza , Hashemi Seyed Ahmad , Asghari Dordane , Chegeni Maryam , Arzamani Niloufar , Sadidi Nasrin , Dousti Zahra , Kaviyani Faezeh
Published: September 2022

Background: The way one mourns varies across different cultures. As such in each society, the mourning rituals in accordance with the culture of that society can alleviate the grieving process. During the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, in many parts of the world, restrictions have been imposed on hosting different ceremonies and events to control the spread of the virus. Since the enforced regulations have made changes to the way mourning is done in these times, an investigation of the experiences of people of different cultures in coping with loss during the current crisis seems to be of importance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mourning experiences in north-east of Iran during COVID-19.
Methods: This is a qualitative study which was conducted by using content analysis. The participants were 11 individuals who had lost a family member due to COVID-19 in Bojnurd in 2020. Sampling was purposive and continued until reaching data saturation. Semi-structured interviews and note-taking were utilized for data collection. The interviews were recorded and the notes were then evaluated.
Results: After analyzing the collected data and forming semantic units, three main categories and nine sub-categories of unexpressed grief were extracted. Unexpressed bereavement, effects on mental health, and dissatisfaction with services comprise the main categories while lack of farewell opportunity, the emotional burden of COVID-19, strange burial, fear and social stigma, lack of adequate psychological support, emotional trauma and shock, reducing the motivation for life, lack of professional principles in the death announcements, and finally lack of equipment and non-compliance with hygiene standards make up the 9 subcategories.
Conclusion: The collected evidence concerning the unexpressed grieving experience ensuing from the COVID-19 induced death of a family member reveals such issue to be one of the most important mental health issues during the spread of the virus, which requires the necessary investigation and intervention of the experts in this field.
Noncyclic Mastalgia: A Chronic Pain Syndrome Needed to be Evaluated in A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Davari Farzad Vaghef , Paprooschi Saghar , Effatpanah Mohammad , Khorassani Azam , Sharifi Amirsina
Published: September 2022

Background: Mastalgia as a chronic pain syndrome and its association with psychological disorders has not been fully addressed.
Methods: All women with non-cyclic mastalgia attending to our center were screened for psychological disorders using General Health Questionaire-28 (GHQ 28) and those with score > 23 were referred to the psychiatry clinic.
Results: 60 patients were evaluated. Duration of mastalgia (month), days with pain in one month and duration of pain from onset to relief (minute) were 14.35±18.61, 13.01±7.36, and 79.23±180.82, respectively. Bilateral (43.33%), intermittent (58.33%), and radiating (58.34%) pain improved spontaneously (48.33%) was the most common characteristic of mastalgia. Mean GHQ score was 27.36± 12.7 and 50% of the patients had GHQ>23. Major depressive disorder (35%), mixed anxiety and depression disorder (26.66%) and general anxiety disorder (21.66%) were three leading diagnoses.
Conclusion: It is required to respond to patient’s psychological disorder to reach sustain therapeutic results.
Determination of the Efficacy of Daclatasvir Plus Sofosbuvir in Patients with Acute ‎Respiratory Coronavirus Syndrome (SARS-COV-2): A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ahmadi Fatemeh , Moogahi Sasan , Cheraghi Marya , Yousefi Farid , Fakhraei Zahra
Published: September 2022

Background: To tackle the 2019 coronavirus infection (COVID-19) disease pandemic, effective antiviral therapy is critical. We assessed the efficacy of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir for treating patients with COVID-19.
Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial in adults with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 disease admitted to Razi Teaching Hospital in Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran. Patients were randomly assigned to the sofosbuvir and daclatasvir group (n=35, intervention group) and control group (n=35, standard care). The primary endpoint of this study was the length of hospital stay, clinical improvement, mechanical ventilation, mortality, and side effect.
Results: We found that the combination of Daclatasvir and Sofosbuvir (DCV+SOF) did not make a statistically significant difference in terms of mortality. There was no significant difference in the duration of hospitalization between the two groups. The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of the frequency of side effects. There were 2 cases of intubation and death in both groups.
Conclusion: The medications used in this study, i.e, the combination of daclatasvir and sofosbuvir, failed to show a significant effect in patients, and despite promising laboratory studies, there were no improvements observed in vital signs and the indicators studied, including clinical signs. Hospitalization days, ventilator requirements and mortality did not make a significant difference. To confirm the results of this study, conducting researches with a larger sample size are needed.
Attitude and Knowledge of Emergency Medicine Professionals Regarding the Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ziaee Mahsa , Mirza Asgari Zahra , Chardoli Mojtaba , Hoveidamanesh Soodabeh , Zamani Babak , Zeinali Marjan , Almasi-Dooghaee Mostafa
Published: September 2022

Background: One of the main parts of the early treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) is the attitude and knowledge of Emergency Medicine (EM) specialists. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of emergency physicians working in Iran about the prescription of tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) in AIS.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study including EM physicians working in different cities of Iran in 2020. A previously used English questionnaire was translated into Persian. After face validity and reliability assessment, the final questionnaire was designed as a Google form and sent to 400 EM professionals.
Results: 128 physicians filled in the forms. 64.8% of participants had sufficient attitude and 68% had sufficient knowledge about tPA treatment in AIS. The knowledge regarding tPA treatment was higher in the age>40 years, male gender and physicians with up-to-date information (P<0.05), but no significant association was found for the attitude. Logistic regression analysis showed that the amount of information about tPA administration in AIS (OR=3.475, 95% CI =1.242-9.723, p=0.018) and age (OR=0.336, 95% CI = 0.130-0.865, p=0.024) had the greatest impact on the level of knowledge for tPA treatment.
Conclusion: About two-thirds of EM professionals in Iran had sufficient knowledge and attitude about tPA administration in AIS. Having up-to-date information and age>40 years were the major predictors of higher knowledge of AIS treatment. Holding some training workshops together with strengthening infrastructures such as establishing intensive stroke units would help to increase the use of tPA in AIS in Iran.
Efficacy and Safety of Arbidol in Treatment of Patients with COVID-19 Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghaderkhani Sara , Khaneshan Arezoo Salami , Salami Amir , Ebrahimi Alavijeh Parvaneh , Kouchak Hamid Emadi , Khalili Hossein , Asadollahi-Amin Ali , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Ahmadinejad Zahra , Rasolinejad Mehrnaz , Hajiabdolbaghi Mahboubeh , Jafari Sirous , Hasannezhad Malihe , Seifi Arash , Abasian Ladan , Ghiasvand Fereshte
Published: September 2022

Background: COVID-19 has led to the demand for finding effective antiviral agents. Preliminary experiments showed Umifenovir inhibit replication in vivo. There is limited data on the clinical efficacy of COVID-19-infected pneumonia. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this medication based on clinical findings.
Methods: The present study was designed to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of Umifenovir and compared to empirical treatments. For this purpose, multi-stage sampling was considered. 56 people who had mild-to-moderate symptoms without signs of pneumonia, were selected by accidental non-random sampling method and divided into two groups [(group A with Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and group B in combination with Umifenovir] by randomized block sampling (1:1). During the study, three patients left the case group. Their clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated on 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after taking these medicines in the disease course. The SPSS software was used for data analysis and the significance level was considered to be p<0.05.
Results: On the seventh day after visiting the patients, there were statistically significant differences in recuperation dry cough (p=0.001), weakness (p=0.004), gastrointestinal symptoms (p=0.043) and shortness of breath (p=0.001) between the two groups so that group B patients (HCQ and Umifenovir) had a faster recovery. In patients treated with HCQ and Umifenovir compared to the control group, myalgia (p=0.03), gastrointestinal symptoms (p=0.047) and weakness (p=0.007) improved significantly earlier during the illness.
Conclusion: Evaluation of the clinical findings in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients’ symptoms was performed and it was shown that recuperation was faster in the group who received both HCQ and Umifenovir.
A Comparison Between the Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Clomiphene on Rats’ Ovarian Tissue Blood Vessels Under In Vivo Conditions
Authors: Naseri Paria , Rasta Seyed Hosein , Alihemati Aliraza
Published: September 2022

Background: Studying the prevalence of infertility as a common disease and its treatment have recently become an important issue. These treatments include drugs and surgery; and lasers have also been used complementarily. However, they affect the ovarian blood vessels number. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the photo-bio stimulation effect on near-infrared and red laser as of low-level lasers on the blood vessels in ovarian tissue, compared with the clomiphene’s effect.
Methods: Twenty-eight female rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (CT), Clomiphene Drug (D), Red Laser (RL) and Near-Infrared Laser (NIRL). Afterwards, the laser groups received irradiation (5 J/cm2 dose) and the rats in group D received clomiphene (1µg/kg). After the experiment, the animals were anesthetized and their ovaries were removed. Henceforth, the laser’s effect was investigated and compared with that of clomiphene.
Results:  The number of the blood vessels increased in NIRL (71.96%) and RL (67.070%) groups, compared with CT. It was also increased in NIRL (59.81%) and RL (14%) compared to D group. In addition, it increased in NIRL (53.27%) compared with RL. This increase was significant in the NIRL group indicating that NIRL increases ovarian activity to produce blood vessels that can be certainly used in future studies for finding a cure for ovarian negligence to produce more blood vessels and treat diseases caused by it.
Conclusion: The results convinced us to introduce laser as a new method to increase the ovarian activation by increasing the blood vessels in a future study. Although the mechanism of low-level lasers action is not well known, it has been proved to be more effective than clomiphene.
Does Erythropoietin Improve Consciousness in Severe Hypoxic Encephalopathy?
Authors: Farsani Hamidreza Azizi , Arefian Noormohammad , Khorasanizadeh Shayesteh , Behnaz Faranak , Madadi Firoozeh
Published: September 2022

Background: Although the effect of Erythropoietin (EPO) in neonatal and animal model of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy has been previously reported, its effect on comatose patients in adult human has yet to be investigated.
Methods: This study was designed to find the effect of intravenous administration of EPO on the recovery from coma in the adult patients with Cardiac Arrest (CA)-induced hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. This randomized controlled trial study was performed on 60 CA patients who survived Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) from April 2011 to Nov 2020. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups including the control, received normal saline, and the EPO groups, and demographic data were recorded. The EEG and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were recorded on hours 6, 12, 24, and 48 post-success CPR and interpreted by an expert neurologist. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was done at 24 and 72 hr of post-CPR and interpreted by an expert radiologist. All patients were checked twice daily by an expert cardiologist.
Results: 60 patients were included in this study. There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of demographic data. There was also no significant difference between two groups in terms of GCS and EEG at all post-CPR interval times. No significant difference was observed between both groups with respect to the frequency of pre-existing and metabolic acid-base disorders.
Conclusion: The intravenous administration of EPO has no effect on the recovery from coma in the adult patients with CA-induced hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
Rhino-Orbital and Breast Mucormycosis After COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Talebi-Taher Mahshid , Nafisi Nahid , Ourang Anis
Published: September 2022

The recent rise of Invasive Fungal Infections (IFI), especially mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients, is further complicating the outcomes. Here, we present a case of concomitant rhino-orbital and breast mucormycosis after COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of breast mucormycosis after COVID-19.
Disseminated Herpes Zoster in a COVID-19 Patient
Authors: Shakoei Safoura , Samiei Raana , Hantoushzadeh Sedigheh , Hamzelou Shahin
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 has several different presentations including cutaneous manifestations. In this report, we introduce a case of generalized herpes zoster in a COVID-19 patient. No sign of upper or lower respiratory tract involvement was detected, but due to unexpected dissemination of the lesions, COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was tested and revealed positive. Although the incidence of herpes zoster during COVID-19 infection has been reported previously, none of them was disseminated. Therefore, we recommend that during the pandemic of COVID-19, any unexpected disseminated herpes zoster be considered as a possible case of this disease and be quarantined until the PCR is negative.
Mental Health Challenges of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Karbasdehi Ebrahim Rahbar , Karbasdehi Fatemeh Rahbar
Published: September 2022

The Article Abstract is not available.
Organoids Technology: A Pathway to the Permanent Treatment of Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: Fakharian Atefeh , Zahiri Reyhaneh , Mirtajani Seyed Bashir
Published: September 2022

Organoids are a miniature, simplified version of a human organ that are produced in three dimensions in the laboratory and show the true anatomical array. These organelles originate from one or more cells - embryonic stem cells or induced multipotent stem cells - that can organize themselves in three-dimensional culture media. The use of stem cells due to the unlimited capacity of tissue division and regeneration is a great promise as a therapeutic tool. These three-dimensional models of human tissue can be used to test drugs before they are tested on humans. Lung organoids are one of the different types of organoids that, like other organoids, can be formed through a process of self-organizing stem cells or specific parts of an organ. These organoids can also be utilized as a useful tool for screening drugs and vaccines for infections such as the novel SARS-COV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of lung organoids in the treatment of pulmonary diseases.
Health status of cultured catla (Gibelion catla) in Hill tracts region of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md. Asek , Ullah Mohammad Asmat , Rahman MD. Hamidur , Nushy Nusrat Hossain , Aktar MT. Nur-A-Sharmin , Halim K.M. Abdul
Published: September 2022

A study was carried out for a period 8 months from March 2020 to October 2020 to observe the health status of cultured catla (Gibelion catla) in three Upazilas viz., Khagrachari Sadar, Ramgarh and Mahalchari upazila of Khagrachari district through clinical procedures. Data were collected through personal contact, sampling, questionnaire interview and discussions with key informants. Clinically, Fish from Vhaibonchara and Perachara at Khagrachari Sadar Upazila, Patachara at Ramgarh Upazila were found to be healthy during summer. During rainy season, catla of Mahalchari Upazila were affected with dropsy like clinical signs where major signs were swollen of abdomen, removal of scales and superficial injury. Tail and fin rot affected catla were collected from Ramgarh Upazila having erosion of fins and tail and the presence of white spots in fin and tail region. Cultured catla in rainy season were more affected than those of summer season. However, catla of summer season had reduced clinical changes than those of rainy season. From clinical and pathological point of view healthy catla were noticed in summer and moderately infected in rainy season. It could be mentioned that production and health status of catla were increased in summer season of Khagrachari Sadar area compared with other areas and season. During the study period water temperature were ranged between 23°C to 35°C in summer and 23°C in rainy season. The highest pH was 8.2 ± 0.20 recorded from Mobachari of Mahalchari in summer and the lowest was 6.5 ± 0.25 from the Perachara of Khagrachari Sadar Upazila. Thus necessary measures need to be taken especially during rainy season.
Social Work vs the Youth: A Sociological Appraisal
Authors: Taghi Sheykhi Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Sociologically speaking, to a large extent, social work can solve the existing and even the potential problems within the youth. Thus, the growing young population needs help from social work in the current changing world. Youth being a source of inspiration, quick receivers and urgent transmitters, they are sources of development and change in any area as well. Young people being subject to change, they are highly in need of counseling/ social work. Youth helpers often work in youth organizations, youth centers and the like___ helping  boys or girls. Such centers are there in developed countries, whereas the developing countries are usually deprived of it. Such schemes explore, identify, and reinforce the specific abilities and capacities of young people. Therefore, launching youth study projects would eventually affect local and regional development as well. As Social work has received little attention in less developed countries, many young people feel weak or deficient in various ways. However, the lack of involvement of social workers/ counselors in such situations, causes young people feeling and facing a variety of abuses.
Medicinal Use of an A Brown Seaweed Ancient Algae Sargassum Polycystum: A Review
Authors: MG Mubasheera , MG Dr Hari Prasad
Published: September 2022

Sargassum polycystum , a brown seaweed, contains various nutrients and bioactive compounds that have antioxidant and healing properties. Sargassum polycystum  (sargassaceae) is a marine species found in large communities on rocks in lower intertial zone in relatively calm water. The medicinal algae is also called as Sargassum polycystum , HalimiumLasianthum and Sargaco in Portuguese. These are nutritious and rich source of bioactive compound such as vitamins, carotenoids, dietary fibers, protein and minerals. And also it contain biologically active compound like terpenoids, flavonoids, sterols, sulfated polysaccharides, polyphenols, sargaquinoic acids, sargachromenol, pheophytine when isolated using distillation processes. These isolated compounds exhibit different biological activities like analgesic, hepotoprotective property, Anti-bacterial and anti-microbial activity, Anti-diabetic activity, Antiwrinke activities and skin-whitening activity (cosmetic industry), neuroprotective, anticoagulant, antiviral activity etc,. Hence Sargassum polycystum have great potential to be used in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical areas. This review paper explores varies therapeutic potential and health benefits of Sargassum polycystum
The Life Switch
Authors: Hague Andrew
Published: September 2022

The Life Switch is part of the Immune System which is part of the body’s operating system. It is in the mind. Normally the Life Switch is always on. If it is turned off, death soon follows. Why this should happen and whether it can be stopped are the questions asked in this article.
Anatomic inquiry into burial disposal
Authors: O. Popoola Sunday , O. Erinomo Olagoke , O. Babalola Waheed , Omadachi Aleke J.
Published: September 2022

Background: A human comprises body, soul and spirit; following death, the body left behind must be disposed.  Terrestrial interment is favourite amongst kinsfolks and Anatomy as a discipline has a role by way of archaeology, forensics and training.  This study inquired about practices in Nigeria and specifically into body decomposition, cemeteries’ potential for groundwater contamination, and gestural sign of artefacts in archaeologic auditing.
Methods: A proforma with socio-demographics and burial characteristics designed and performed in Southwestern, Nigeria. Burial depths were measured with tape after gaining consent from relations. Collation and analysis of data by statistical package for social sciences.
Results: Burial grounds of 307 were randomly explored within a year with male-to-female ratio of 3 to 2; Christianity 246(80.1%), Islam 43(14.0%), African Traditional Religions 15(4.9%) and others 3(1.0%); Diseases and old age were major causes of death and 67.1% had embalmment and delayed burial. Graves were mainly of sandy soil with mean depth 5.40 feet. Over 70% of burial vaults were uncemented and incorporation of artefacts in only 26.4%. Time of burial proved sine qua non to choice and mode of embalmment.
Conclusion:  Largely sandy soil favoured decomposition to maceration. The significant deeper depth favoured sanitization while coffination and internment in uncemented burial vaults favoured maceration. Potential to contaminate underground water was reduced with respect to most graves sited on plain ground. Incorporation of artefacts was commoner amongst people practicing African Traditional Religions. A need to create and involve Inspectors of Anatomy in matters related to human remains is suggested.
In Search of Perfect Embalmment Scoring Tool
Authors: O. Popoola Sunday , O. Erinomo Olagoke , Omadachi Aleke J.
Published: September 2022

Background: Scoring systems for tissue preservation and embalmment can be likened to trauma scoring systems for their pivotal roles in healthcare institutions for evaluation and auditing purposes. Albeit, embalmment cannot always guarantee exact ante-mortem state, the present study was designed to validate the scoring tool that had been developed in appropriating medical and social needs of embalming practices.
Methods: The study was one-year hospital-based using the standardized forms A, B and C of ‘Relative’s Perspective Scale of Embalmment’ for data collection.  ‘Form A’ was self-explanatory and scored by the relatives of the dead. ‘Form B’ was handled by mortuary director, likewise ‘Form C’ for auditing. Reliability and descriptive statistics were applied to report the validation outcome data for the Likert-styled Form A. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance.
Results: Only 94 out of 129 bodies released within a year were deemed fit for the study (amounting to 73% of the bodies) due to exclusion criteria. Cronbach’s alpha reliability score of 0.710 (Acceptable) was recorded. Descriptive statistics further showed mode 33, median 33.5, range 19-45, mean 34.2±6.9 and response score of 76%. Assertion Q8 in Form A was the most reliable.
Conclusion: Offensive odour from the embalming centre needed to be addressed. Final validatory judgement ‘RPSE-D’ interpreted ‘Improve on mortuary operation’ rightly projected this scoring tool for evidence based embalmment. Some modification exercises suggested because of commercial venture of the mortuary in order to encourage more patronage and consequential acquisition of cadavers for research and medical education.
What Effect Does The Corona Virus Have on Various Organs?
Authors: Yavari Mohammad , Skokri Khatereh , Nasiri Soheil , Rad Zahra Nasiri , Beigi Fatemeh Ali , Sharei Elham , Aghamohammadi Mahdiye , Atapoor fard Seyed alireza , Shahriari Maryam , Esmaeili Hossein
Published: September 2022

The new coronavirus does not only attack the lungs;  The heart, kidneys, brain, arteries, nerves, and skin are other organs that have been shown to be affected by the new virus and their function.

 Much has been written about the fact that Covid 19 lung disease affects the lungs and airways the most.  Because the disease most commonly affects the lower respiratory tract, patients with moderate to severe disease, especially those with a dry cough, struggle with one of two problems:  They have trouble breathing or pneumonia.

 But articles show that the virus affects not only the lungs but also other organs such as the heart, brain, pancreas, liver, and bone.