bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basics of statistics - 5
Authors: Darling H. S.
Published: March 2022

Sample size calculation is essential for every analytical study aiming to obtain evidence-based results. This review describes the basics of the use of computer software for sample size calculation with the help of a few simple hypothetical examples. Published studies reporting on sample size calculation were identified from the PubMed and MEDLINE databases. In addition, relevant books were reviewed. Of the 125 articles identified from the database search, five articles fulfilling the eligibility criteria were included in this narrative review. This article describes the appropriate sample size calculation approach to be used in different scenarios using examples mimicking real-world clinical situations. In addition, each example describes an alternate method for sample size calculation to verify the result for ease of understanding. This will enable the confirmation of the accuracy of the calculated sample size to avoid incorrect estimation. Overall, the use of computer software, tables, and online calculators makes sample size calculation convenient, accurate, flexible, and easily reproducible.
Ruptured Infective Pseudoaneurysm of the Posterior Tibial Artery Causing Repeated Bleeding in a Chronic Venous Ulcer
Authors: Singh Devender , Aryala Shalini
Published: March 2022

Bleeding from the chronic venous ulcer is usually from underling ruptured varicosities or due to opening of arteriovenous communications. Pseudoaneurysm of the tibial arteries in the chronic venous wounds leading to bleeding is an extremely rare complication. Massive bleeding sometimes is life-threatening. We present a case of ruptured infected pseudoaneurysm of the posterior tibial artery with a chronic venous ulcer, who presented in shock with repeated episodes of bleeding.
Endovascular Revascularization of Subclavian Artery Occlusion
Authors: Roufai Hamissou Hamissou Moussa Maman , Jun Yang , Guangfu Song , FuYi Yang , Guiliang An
Published: March 2022

Subclavian artery (SCA) disease is caused by stenosis or occlusion of the proximal segment of the SCA, resulting in a retrograde blood flow of the ipsilateral vertebral artery. It is rare, with a prevalence of 0.6% to 6.4% in the general population. The common cause of this disease is atherosclerosis, followed by Takayasu's arteritis. The endovascular approach is currently the first treatment option; the success rate of this approach achieved 100% reported by many authors in the case of SCA stenosis. However, the success rate of this approach is lower in the case of SCA total occlusion, and the main reason is the inability of the wire to cross the lesion. The emergent novel endovascular techniques are trying to provide an effective solution. Recently, novel endovascular methods were successfully performed and reported in the literature. Nevertheless, a small sample size limited these studies; therefore, large-scale prospective studies are needed to ascertain their feasibility, effectiveness, and safety. In this present study, we report a successful stent-assisted angioplasty and review of endovascular techniques for the SCA total occlusion.
Brief Technical Guide for Registration of an Observational Study Protocol
Authors: Mondal Himel , Mondal Shaikat , Mahapatra Amita Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background:

Clinical trial registration is a must for the conduct of an interventional study. The registration should be in the repositories accepted by World Health Organization (WHO) and endorsed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). These registries allow the registration of both interventional and observational studies. However, the majority of the observational studies are not registered.

Aims:

We aimed to find the current share of observational studies in various registries and to provide a brief technical guide on the process of registration of an observational study in the Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI) and in the open science framework (OSF).

Methods:

We searched the WHO and ICMJE websites for the list of accepted registries. The number of interventional and observational studies in those registries was collected. Then, we described the process of registration of an observational study in CTRI and OSF.

Results:

The highest number (83,866) of observational studies is present in ClinicalTrials.gov. However, according to percentage, the DRKS - German Clinical Trials Register has the highest percentage (31.57%) of observational studies. The CTRI has 25.33% and ClinicalTrials.gov has 21.91% observational studies. The registration of an observational study protocol is acceptable online and free of cost in the CTRI and OSF.

Conclusion:

It is not mandatory to register purely observational studies. However, the registration may bring transparency in scientific reporting and help to avoid publication bias towards positive results. The technical glimpse in this article would help the novice authors in registering their observational study protocol in an open repository.
Observational study of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients treated with Ivabradine alone versus Ivabradine and β-blocker drug (The BetaBrad Study)
Authors: Thanedar Rohan S. , Kudva Srinivas , Sanzgiri Prakash , Reddy Charan
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Ivabradine is a heart rate lowering agent by inhibiting Iƒ current in sinus node. It is approved for use in patients with angina and heart failure for heart rate control. Recently, the concern has grown over increased incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients treated with Ivabradine.

Aims:

We observed critically ill patients in the intensive care unit, treated with Ivabradine alone versus Ivabradine plus a β-blocking agent, and compared the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation.

Settings and Design:

This was an observational, single-center study.

Materials and Methods:

We observed 40 patients who were divided into two groups. One group of patients was treated with Ivabradine (no other heart rate-controlling agent) and the other group was treated with Ivabradine plus a β-blocker drug. We studied the incidence of atrial fibrillation in an observation period of 7 days in the intensive care unit along with other patient characteristics. We used appropriate analytical protocol to compare the two groups.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Student’s unpaired t test and Fisher’s exact probability test were applied. The value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Although one patient treated with Ivabradine (and no other rate/rhythm controlling drug) had new-onset atrial fibrillation, there was no statistically significant increase in the incidence of atrial fibrillation in critically ill patients (during the observation period) treated with Ivabradine versus Ivabradine plus β-blocker drug.

Conclusion:

Our preliminary research suggests the use of Ivabradine for heart rate control in critically ill patients is not associated with an increased incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation. However, we recommend a further larger study on this subject.
To assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnea in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care center in Eastern India
Authors: Dash Satarupa , Thakur Atanu
Published: March 2022

Background:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus have a major health impact because of their high prevalence worldwide. Obesity is a common risk factor for both OSA and type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged persons.

Aim:

This study was conducted to assess the risk of OSA in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was performed at the tertiary care center of Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Odisha, India. Type 2 diabetic patients were evaluated to assess the risk of OSA using the STOP-BANG sleep apnea questionnaire (consisting of eight questions).

Results:

Of the 150 type 2 diabetic patients, 53.8% had low risk, 28.6% had intermediate risk, and 17.6% had a severe risk for OSA based on questionnaires. Patients with comorbid conditions like hypertension (odds ratio 1.5) and obesity (odds ratio 1.06) have a high risk of OSA. There was a significant relationship between the type of medication and the risk of developing OSA (P < 0.05) in diabetic patients. The patients taking both insulin and oral drugs have a high-risk OSA as compared to those taking only insulin or only oral drugs.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of OSA is much higher in diabetics than in the general population, the risk is increasing with comorbid conditions like obesity and hypertension, patients who are receiving both oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin. The screening of OSA among diabetic patients is necessary to identify those at high risk and manage this problem, which may remain undiagnosed in many patients.
Changing trends of patients undergoing thrombolysis for acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction in tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Kadam Shilpa Deshmukh
Published: March 2022

Background:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is becoming a major cause of morbidity and mortality burden in the developing world. Indians have been associated with a more severe form of CAD that has its onset at a younger age group with a male predominance. Reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery at the earliest is the most important aim of management of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Aim:

The aims of this work were to (1) study the changing trends in patients presenting with STEMI, (2) the outcomes of patients undergoing thrombolysis in a tertiary care hospital, and (3) the increasing trend of CAD in young (CADY).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 500 patients undergoing thrombolysis between January 2017 and December 2019 were studied retrospectively. We studied the age of presentation, sex, agents used for thrombolysis, their angiography findings, and their management and outcome.

Results:

CADY in less than 45 years of age was noted in 26.2% in our study. It was more common in men. Left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was the most common artery to be involved in single-vessel coronary artery disease (SVCAD) patients followed by the right coronary artery (RCA). Door to needle time in our study was 28 min.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of CADY Indians in our study was significantly high. The most common age group of men presenting with STEMI was 51–55 years, followed by 45–50 years. The most common age group of women presenting with CAD was 61–65 years.
Upper Devonian Brachiopods from Eastern Taurus (Turkey)
Authors:   Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Gourvennec Remy
Published: March 2022

During a field expedition in Taurus (SE Turkey) in order to studythe Lower Palaeozoic series, a small brachiopod fauna was collectedin the Kozan area in beds of supposed Silurian age. After closerexamination, the age of this fauna is clearly Upper Devonian, probablyLower Frasnian, and this implies a reassessment of the age of theseries. This assemblage also shows close affinities with similar NorthGondwanan faunas described in Iran and Afghanistan in beds of thesame age.
Plio–Quaternary Geometry and Kinematics of Ptolemais Basin (Northern Greece): Implications for the Intra-Plate Tectonics in Western Macedonia
Authors:   National Technical University of Athens, Department of Mining, Metallurgical & Engineering Geology, Dimantopoulos Anastasios
Published: March 2022

An integrated structural study of the Ptolemais basin of Northern Greece allows assessment of deformation processes and their implicationin the Pliocene–Quaternary structural evolution of this part of Western Macedonia. Normal and reverse faults within Plio–Quaternarysediments, NE–SW striking anticlines in both Plio–Quaternary sediments and pre-Tertiary basement-units, torsions and deformationpartitioning, highlight the particular characteristics of intra-plate deformation. Field investigations and drilling data infer the conclusion that intra-plate processes were governed by progressive shear strain during the Plio–Quaternary. A new kinematic model for the developmentof the Ptolemais basin is proposed, showing the importance of progressive shear strain.
Somalina praestefaninii n. sp., a New Species of Large Foraminifera from the Dammam Formation (Lutetian) of Gebel Hafit, United Arab Emirates
Authors:   Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Boukhary Mohamed , Decrouez Danielle ,   Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève, El Safori Yasser A. ,   Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University
Published: March 2022

The nodular limestones exposed at the basal part of the Gebel Hafit(United Arab Emirates) represent a truncation surface, between theRus and the Middle Eocene Dammam Formation (Mibazara Member).Somalina praestefaninii n.sp. is a new large foraminiferal speciesseparated from the Mibazara member. It is believed that Somalinapraestefaninii n.sp. is the ancestral form of Somalina stefaniniiSilvestri as it is smaller and has a more simple protoconch. Here,it is believed that the taxon Somalina (Lutetian) could possibly bederived from Opertorbitolites NUTTALL , 1925 (the taxon characteristicfor the Ypresian).
Palaeoenvironmental and Archaeological Implications of a Sediment Core from Polje Čepić, Istria, Croatia
Authors:   Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Balbo Andrea L. , Andrič Maja ,   Institute of Archaeology, ZRC SAZU, Rubinić Josip ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Rijeka, Moscariello Andrea ,   Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Miracle Preston T. ,   Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge
Published: March 2022

Palaeoenvironmental and archaeological records provide an invaluableframework for land and water management in karstic areas of theMediterranean realm. We present the results from analyses carried outon three segments of a sediment core extracted in 2004 from a portionof Polje Čepić (Istria, Croatia), a tectono-karstic depression coveredin water until artificial drainage took place in 1932. We used bulksediment analyses, pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating to assessthe possible contribution of people to the progressive siltation of thelake, and compared our results with recent archaeological discoveriesmade on the polje margins. The dating of the sequence points tothe presence of a predominantly wet landscape at the coring locationsince at least 7000 years cal BP. The coincidence of cereal type pollengrains with several open-air archaeological sites indicates that smallscaleagricultural practices possibly developed around the polje inNeolithic times, ca 6500 years cal BP. Concentrations of charcoal inthe sediment core at this time suggest the use of fire clearance as partof the agricultural practice.During the Bronze and Iron Ages, the possible intensificationof forest clearance and agricultural practices is indicated by: (1) anincrease in the number and type of archaeological sites found aroundthe polje; (2) a more open plant landscape in the upper part of the analysed sequence; and (3) a three-fold increase in the sedimentation rate, possibly starting as early as 4000 years cal BP. Wetter climate conditions and higher erosion of the surrounding slopes probably led to the progressive siltation of the lake. Finally, in 1932 the lake was artificially drained and Istria lost its largest natural basin of fresh water.
Stratigraphy and Palaeobiogeography of Mesozoic Benthic Foraminifera - Part 2
Authors:   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia, Velić Ivo
Published: March 2022

The Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP), was a separate shallowmarine depositional system characterized by a lack of terrigenous input and was connected to Gondwana towards the South via Gavrovo–Tripolitza or Apulia. It existed for approximately 120 MY, from the Early Jurassic Pliensbachian/Toarcian) to the end of the Cretaceous, resulting in a 4000–6500 m thick succession of almost pure carbonates. However, this is part of a thicker (>8000 m) sequence of predominantly carbonate rocks which forms the Karst Dinarides, and was deposited during more than 270 MY – at least from the Carboniferous (Moscovian) to the Late Eocene. Among many different groups of fossil organisms, benthic foraminifera are especially abundant and well preserved, so they, along with calcareous algae (Dasycladales), are the most important fossils used for age determination and stratigraphic subdivision of shallow-marine carbonate deposits. Within the 257 determined taxa belonging to different foraminiferal families which lived through the Mesozoic, numerous different index fossils occur in assemblages indicating various ages: Early Triassic, Anisian, Carnian, Norian–Rhaetian, Late Sinemurian, Early and Late Pliensbachian (Carixian and Domerian), Early and Late Aalenian, Early and Late Bajocian, Early and Late Bathonian, Callovian, Early and Late Oxfordian, Kimmeridgian, Tithonian, Berriasian, Valanginian, Late Hauterivian, Late Barremian, Early and Late Aptian (Bedulian and Gargasian), Early and Late Albian, Early, Middle and Late Cenomanian, Turonian, Coniacian, Santonian, Early and Late Campanian and Early and Late Maastrichtian. A total of 64 biostratigraphic units – biozones of different categories, from subzone to superzone, were defined within the stratigraphic interval from the Carnian to the Late Maastrichtian. This enabled very detailed biostratigraphic subdivision of the carbonate deposits within the Karst Dinarides. This is one of the most precise sequences, not only in this area, but also among former shallow marine deposits of the entire Neotethyan realm in the present Mediterranean region. The palaeobiogeographic characteristics of biotopes and the composition of foraminiferal assemblages during the Mesozoic were controlled by the position of the study area within the Neotethyan bioprovinces. Until the Albian, this area represented part of the Southern Neotethyan bioprovince, while from the Cenomanian to its final disintegration at the end of the Cretaceous it belonged to a separate, Central Mediterranean Neotethyan bioprovince.
Effects of plyometric and strength trainings on selected physical fitness variables in Ethiopia youth sport academy female soccer players
Authors: Lemecha Chalachew , Taddese Aschenaki
Published: March 2022

Plyometric is an exercise in which muscles exert force in short intervals of time. Back then, it was only employed in track and field events and was known as “jump training.” The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of plyometric and strength trainings on selected physical fitness variables in Ethiopia Youth Sport Academy female soccer players. The study used quasi-experimental design. Random sampling technique was used to group the participants into plyometric and strength training groups. Both groups performed selected exercises for consecutive twelve weeks, implemented two days per week and two hours in each session. Paired sample t-test and independent t-test were conducted to analyze the change scores from pre and posttest for all subjects and from separated groups. The paired sample t-test results revealed that players in the plyometric group significantly improved their agility (p<0.05) and explosive power performance (p<0.05) from baseline to the end of the intervention. Whereas, female soccer players in the strength group only improved their explosive power (p<0.05) following twelve-week of strength training intervention. As the independent sample t-test result identified no significant performance difference in agility (p>0.05) and explosive power (p>0.05) performances between the groups. In general, following twelve-week of continuous plyometric and strength trainings the study identified that both training interventions improved the agility and explosive power ability of female soccer players and no significant performance differences had been identified between the two groups.
Child nutritional status, mothers’ nutritional knowledge and practice and Household food security status in Tehuledere Woreda, South Wollo, Ethiopia
Authors: Indris Ahmed , Shaleka Dilu , Ashenafi Mogessie
Published: March 2022

Child under nutrition due to household food insecurity remains critical issues in many households in Ethiopia. Literature in nutrition knowledge and practice of mothers and the nutritional status of their infants is scanty. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of six to 23-month-oldchildren, mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice of child nutrition and household food security status in a semi-urban and a rural kebeles. A community based cross-sectional study was undertaken in semi-urban and rural kebeles in Tehuledere Woreda (district) to assess household food security and nutritional status of six to 23-month children. A total of 245 mother-child pairs were selected randomly from the two kebeles. Anthropometric indices were used to determine the nutritional status of under-two children. Child age, weight and height were measured and used to calculate weight-for-age, weight-for-height and height-for-age Z-scores. Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (ciaf) was calculated to determine total malnutrition. Household food insecurity access scale (hfias) was used to assess food security status. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice in child nutrition, food diversity and child feeding. Data were statistically analyzed. Stunting was noted in 7.5% and 17% of under-two children in the urban and rural kebeles, respectively. Similar levels of thinness (6%) were observed in both kebeles. There were more under-weight children in the semi-urban (5.2%) than in the rural (3.6%) kebeles. Chronic energy deficiency was noted in 20% and 15% of the children in semi-urban and rural kebeles, respectively. ciaf was higher in children in the semi-urban kebele (48%) than in the rural kebele (31%). A small proportion of study households were food secure (17.9%). The rest were either mildly (54.4%) or moderately (27.8%) food insecure. Average knowledge of child nutrition among mothers in the semi-urban and rural kebeles was very low (about 34% and 37%, respectively).The low anthropometric measurements of the children in this study could be due to poor food diversity, insufficient food intake, and poor nutritional knowledge and practice of mothers. Creating awareness in child feeding practices and diet diversity is recommended.
Diurnal activity patterns, habitat use and foraging habits of Egyptian goose (Alopochena egyptiacus Linnaeus, 1766) in the Boyo wetland, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Mulugeta , Balakrishnan M. , Afework Bezawork
Published: March 2022

Egyptian goose (Alopochena egyptiacus) is a resident bird species in Africa South of the Sahara occurring throughout the entire Nile Valley. Despite the wide distribution, the available information on its behavioral ecology is limited in Ethiopia. A study on the activity patterns, habitat use and foraging  habits  of Egyptian goose was carried out in and around Boyo wetland, Ethiopia, during the dry and wet seasons. Scan sampling method was used to study the activity patterns and habitat use of Egyptian goose in  grassland, mudflat and shallow water habitats of the wetland. The feeding behavior of Egyptian goose was also observed in the surrounding farmland habitats using scan sampling method.  Generally,  Egyptian geese spent most of their time resting (39.81%) followed by foraging (32.64%). They spent 10.43% of their time in comfort movement preening or stretching. The rest of their time was allocated for locomotion (6.63%), vigilance (5.75%), and social behavior (1.59%), and other activities (2.86%). Most of the birds were engaged in foraging activity in the morning (07:00-9:00 h) and afternoon (16:00 - 18:00 h) hours both during the wet and dry seasons.  About 39% of Egyptian geese were scanned in mudflat, 31.5% in grassland, and 30.05% in shallow water habitats engaged in different activities. Most individuals  used the grassland habitat for foraging during the dry (59.5%) and wet (74%) seasons, while they used shallow water and mudflat habitats for resting both during the wet and dry seasons seasons. The birds were observed foraging  mainly  grass during the dry (93.62%) and wet (59.52%) seasons. The Egyptian geese show diurnal activity pattern with feeding peaks in early morning and late afternoon hours as is observed in many other avian taxa. The Boyo wetland is also as an important foraging ground for this species and other birds in the area. Further ecological studies on the species and impact of human activities on the Boyo wetland should be conducted for the conservation of the avifauna.
Impact of Learning Resources Improvisation on Biology Instruction in Senior Secondary Schools in Ondo South Senatorial District in Nigeria
Authors: Abanikannda Mutahir Oluwafemi
Published: March 2022

This study examined the impact of improvisation of learning resources on biology instruction in senior secondary schools from Ondo South Senatorial District. The study sample was 350 and consisted of students randomly selected from 10 senior secondary schools in Ondo South Senatorial District of Ondo State in Nigeria. A self-developed inventory was designed and validated through pilot testing and administered to the sample for the data collection. The researcher personally visited the schools in Ondo South Senatorial District, thus 100% data were collected. The collected data were tabulated and analysed by using percentages, mean, standard deviation and t-test analysis. The major conclusions of this study were that the types of learning facilities that are available for teaching science are weighing balance, audio tape, textbooks, graphs, charts and maps; there is positive impact of improvisation of learnin resources on the biology instruction in the senior secondary schools and there is no significant difference between male and female students in the impact of improvisation of learning resources on biology instruction. Based on the finding of this study, major recommendations were made.
Zwierzęta w dziewiętnastowiecznej publicystyce i literaturze Adama Chodyńskiego
Authors: Celer Bogumiła
Published: March 2022

Celem artykuły jest przybliżenie postaci polskiego prawnika, poety, historyka literatury, regionalisty, historyka Kalisza, dziennikarza, współzałożyciela „Kaliszanina” – Adama Chodyńskiego oraz zwrócenie uwagi szczególnie na jego twórczość publicystyczną, dotyczącą relacji pomiędzy człowiekiem a zwierzętami. W ostatnich latach coraz bardziej widoczne staje się zainteresowanie rozmaitymi kontekstami oddziaływania „animal studiem” w kulturze współczesnej oraz ekokrytyką. Interesującym aspektem jest także miejsce zwierząt w świecie nie tylko współcześnie, ale i dawniej. Autorka zwróciła uwagę na teksty kaliskiego publicysty poruszające tematykę statusu zwierząt w dziewiętnastym wieku.

Animals in the nineteenth-century journalism and literature by Adam Chodyński
Adam Chodyński, „Kaliszanin”, 19th century The aim of the article is to present the figure of a Polish lawyer, poet, literary historian, regionalist, historian of Kalisz, journalist, co-founder of „Kaliszanin” – Adam Chodyński, and to draw attention especially to his journalistic work on the relationship between humans and animals. In recent years, the interest in various contexts of influencing the „animal studio” in contemporary culture and in ecocriticism has become more and more visible. An interesting aspect is also the place of animals in the world, not only today, but also in the past. The author drew attention to the texts of the Kalisz columnist on the subject of the status of animals in the nineteenth century.
Historia medycyny w sześciu niepełnych odsłonach. Część pierwsza, czyli pierwsze trzy odsłony
Authors: Gryglewski Ryszard W.
Published: March 2022

Historia medycyny w sześciu niepełnych odsłonach jest propozycją spojrzenia na dzieje nauki i sztuki lekarskiej przez pryzmat sześciu, zdaniem autora, głównych problemów, z jakimi w przeszłości mierzyła się medycyna i z jakimi nadal przychodzi jej się mierzyć. Pierwsza odsłona to rozważania o konstrukcji (lub inaczej – budowie) organizmu człowieka, nad którą dyskutowali badacze zajmujący się takimi dyscyplinami, jak anatomia, histologia, cytologia i genetyka. Druga odsłona jest próbą zrozumienia funkcji życiowych, czyli przedmiotu badań nauk eksperymentalnych, przede wszystkim fizjologii i biochemii. Trzecia wiąże się z poznaniem przyczyn i mechanizmów, które uszkadzają lub niszczą strukturę i zaburzają funkcje organizmu, czyli zdarzeń i procesów stojących u podstaw nauki o chorobach – patologii wraz z anatomią patologiczną, patomorfologią i patofizjologią, mikrobiologią i bakteriologią lekarską. Dzięki czwartej odsłonie zbliżamy się do historii prób rozpoznania procesów chorobowych oraz zdolności przewidywania ich dalszego biegu. To świat diagnostyki i prognostyki medycznej. Piąta ukazuje zaś poszukiwania metod i środków, których celem staje się przywrócenie zaburzonej homeostazy organizmu – a więc to, co określamy mianem terapii. Ostatnia, szósta, przedstawia dzieje chirurgii – nauki i sztuki poszukującej sposobów bezpośredniego wniknięcia w przestrzeń konstrukcji organizmu i przywrócenia właściwego biegu funkcji życia. W chwili obecnej do rąk Czytelników trafia pierwsza część, obejmująca trzy pierwsze odsłony. Wydanie części drugiej jest planowane na rok 2022. Ryszard Gryglewski
Pemberian Pakan Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tukik Penyu Sisik (Eretmochelys imbricata) di Pantai Tikus Emas, Sungailiat
Authors: Rinanda Dinda , Afriyansyah Budi , Syarif Ahmad Fahrul
Published: March 2022

Penyu merupakan reptil yang hidup di laut serta mampu bermigrasi dalam jarak yang jauh di sepanjang kawasan Samudera Hindia, Samudera Pasifik, dan wilayah Asia Tenggara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan tukik penyu sisik (Eretmochelys imbricata) di Pantai Tikus Emas Sungailiat, Kabupaten Bangka. Penelitian dilakukan selama 12 minggu dengan metode eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua perlakuan, yaitu A (pakan komersial pelet) dan B (ikan lemuru). Setiap perlakuan mendapatkan tiga kali pengulangan menggunakan 30 tukik penyu sisik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian panjang karapas menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata P=0,000 (P<0,05) dengan urutan: Perlakuan A; 8,65cm. B; 10,57cm. Lebar karapas menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata P=0,000 (P<0,05) dengan urutan: Perlakuan A; 9,20cm. B; 11,51cm. Berat tubuh menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata P=0,001 (P<0,05) dengan urutan: Perlakuan A; 95,3 g. B; 211,8 g. Faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bobot tubuh dan panjang karapas adalah suhu air, sedangkan pertumbuhan lebar karapas adalah pH. Pada kesimpulannya Pakan ikan lemuru (Sardinella lemuru) dan pakan pelet tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan panjang dan lebar karapas serta pertambahan bobot tubuh tukik.
Feasibility Study of Seaweed Cultivation Locations in the Waters of Menyumfoka Village and Kaki Island, Manokwari Regency
Authors: Pranata Bayu , Raharjo Syafrudin , Manaf Marhan , Lapadi Ida , Paisey Anjeli
Published: March 2022

The feasibility study of the location of seaweed cultivation is very important to be carried out in order to ensure the sustainability of the cultivation activities in question. Therefore, this study aims to examine the feasibility of the technical aspects of seaweed cultivation to support the development of seaweed cultivation in the coastal waters of Mengumfoka Village and Kaki Island, Manokwari Regency. The research method is the observation method with survey techniques (in situ and ex situ). The results showed that the two research sites had characteristics of the physical-chemical and biological conditions of the waters that could support seaweed cultivation activities. Location KA1 has a score of 86.2, which means the location is highly suitable, while location KA2 has a score of 75.4 or moderately suitable as a location for seaweed cultivation. In general, KA1 and KA2 locations have the same conditions, but KA2 locations are more open than KA1 locations, so that KA2 locations have more risk due to large currents and waves due to seasons. So the location of KA2 can only do seaweed cultivation during the shady season.
The role of populist parties in spreading Euroscepticism
Authors: Nelipa Dmytro V. , Balinska Yana O.
Published: March 2022

The aim of the paper was to analyse the current level of Euroscepticism in the European Union, to identify the current challenges populist parties face in the Euroscepticism realities and promotion. The main method of research was the observation method, which, together with the comparative method, revealed the selected issues of the paper. The conducted research has shown that the rise of populist parties primarily reflects a response to a wide range of rapid cultural changes undermining the core values and practices of Western societies. At the same time, the pandemic and changes in public consciousness have led to a decline in the activity of political parties and the introduction of Eurosceptic ideas per se. As part of the research, we have argued that the deepening of European integration is not perceived positively by member states as well, given the unnatural order of legal relations in the union. The findings will also require comparison with the results of the forthcoming EU elections, which has been identified as a roadmap for further author's research.
Government Tax Policy in the Digital Economy
Authors: Pylypenko Olha , Matviienko Halyna , Putintsev Anatolii , Vlasenko Ivan , Onyshchuk Natalia
Published: March 2022

The article considers the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of tax policy in the development of the digital economy, reveals current problems, and substantiates the need to change the tax system. The directions of compensation of the reduction of income from the labor tax through automation and introduction of artificial intelligence in technological processes are defined and the forms of taxation of digital commerce are offered. The research methods were scientific abstraction, logic, graphics, visual reflection, analytics. It has been proven that the process of digitalization of the economy in combination with the crisis caused by COVID-19 causes many risks that must be considered when developing tax policy. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of a tax policy based on digital transformation, which stimulates innovation, ensures efficiency, and improves the quality of tax services. Increasing the use of digital technologies has been shown to create challenges in many areas of public administration, including taxation. It concludes that there is a need for broad international cooperation to prevent tax evasion, ensure tax transparency and develop new tax approaches and software.
Tax administration in the context of effective public administration:
the case Eastern European Countries
Authors: Doiar Yevhenii , Liutikov Pavlo , Skvirskyi Illia , Garmash Yevgen , Kuvakin Serhiy
Published: March 2022

The research is devoted to the problem of improving tax administration in the context of effective public administration in the case of Eastern Europe. After analyzing scientific approaches to clarify the essence of tax administration in the public administration system, it is proposed as a component of tax administration in public administration, a systemic mechanism, whose elements implement the guidelines and priorities of the state program through complex organizational and administrative structures and procedures, for the formation of centralized and decentralized financial resources on the basis of the integrity, punctuality and efficiency of the tax obligation by subjects of tax relations. The complex factors of economic and geopolitical development are reflected in trends and analytical indicators to assess the effectiveness of tax administration (integrated indicator) through the prism of the normalized performance coefficients of its administration and the work of tax inspections. As a conclusion on the basis of the identified factors of subjective and objective influences, a set of measures has been proposed to improve tax administration in the context of public administration within the framework of remote cooperation.
MALEZAS EN EL CULTIVO DE PIÑA CV. MD-2 Y SU CONTROL CON HERBICIDAS Y ACOLCHADO DE Spathodea campanulata
Authors: Vargas-Laró Nelson , Robles Wilfredo , Lugo-Torres María de L. , Morales-Payán José Pablo
Published: March 2022

MALEZAS EN EL CULTIVO DE PIÑA CV. MD-2 Y SU CONTROL CON HERBICIDAS Y ACOLCHADO DE Spathodea campanulata
To the history of nykhas
Authors: Туаллагов А.А.
Published: March 2022

По заключению исследователей, «нартовские ныхасы» и аналогичные имкомплексы являются памятниками аланского периода. В прошлом они служили святи-лищами, посвященными женскому божеству и одновременно связанными с судебной дея-тельностью. Связь суда с культом Богини-матери соотносится с некоторыми осетин-скими фольклорно-этнографическими материалами, позволяющими полагать наличиеоригинальной древнеирано-скифо-алано-осетинской параллели. Образ богини был изна-чально связан с представлениями о миропорядке и законе. В рамках ее культа и моглопроисходить становление и функционирование судов.

According to the conclusion of the researchers, the «nykhases of the Narts» andsimilar complexes are monuments of the Alanian period. In the past, they served as sanctuariesdedicated to a female deity and at the same time associated with judicial activities. The connectionbetween the court and the cult of the Mother Goddess is correlated with some Ossetian folkloreand ethnographic materials, which suggest the existence of an original ancient Iranian-Scythian-Alano-Ossetian parallel. The image of the goddess was originally associated with ideas about theworld order and the law. Within the framework of her cult, the formation and functioning of courtscould take place.
THE ROLE OF MURABAHAH IN FİNANCİNG INVESTMENT PROJECTS AN APPLİED STUDY IN A SAMPLE IN ISLAMİC BANKS - AL-WATANİ ISLAMİC BANK – BAGHDAD FOR THE YEARS (2014-2018)
Authors: Abdul Reda Al Saadi Wasan Khifa
Published: March 2022

Islamic banks are financial institutions that derive their basis or principles from the Islamic creed that forbids dealing with interest, as they provide services that do not contradict the provisions of Islamic Sharia, so that they practice investment and financing activity for investment projects using various Islamic financing formulas in order to achieve profit. This study aims to clarify the effect of murabahah in Islamic banks in financing investment projects during the period (2014-2018), taking into account the National Islamic Bank - Baghdad as a case study. This study was able to reach a set of results, the most important of which is the existence of a statistically significant effect of the murabaha rate, the repayment period, and the financing policies in Islamic banks on investment projects. The following are the recommendations: The need for Iraqi Islamic banks to conduct a thorough analysis and study of the benefits of the projects in which they participate with the private sector, especially in light of the successive losses that occur due to this participation. Iraqi Islamic banks must provide long-term financing to the various economic sectors, to include the productive sectors that It works to increase production and reduce unemployment, the need for Islamic banks to distinguish between customers on the basis of grant financing and bias to productive financing, the need for banks to direct to small and medium enterprises, improve employment opportunities and contribute to reducing unemployment, the need to develop financial engineering and Creating modern financial means that are in line with Islamic Sharia regulations and contribute to a positive impact on macroeconomic variables. Continuous search for successful investment projects by adopting modern methods in feasibility studies, evaluating projects to ward off risks, and contributing to programs, funds or investment portfolios. Or any means of investing and exploiting the surplus liquidity in Islamic banks, the need for the attention of Islamic banks By the decision of pricing banking services and products in view of their impact on the profitability of the bank and its ability to continue in the banking market.
Preanalytical factors in the clinical pathology of wildlife
Authors: Oliveira Evelyn de , Martins Danieli Brolo , Mota Adelly Caroline , Oliveira Tiago Jubé de , Silva Suelen Lorena da , Queiroz Thawanne Delefrate
Published: March 2022

Laboratory tests play an important role in the study of wildlife animals, providing information concerning the physiological aspects of the patients. Laboratory tests follow standardized protocols, producing reliable results. The processing of biological samples is divided into preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical stages. The preanalytical phase has the highest chance of error, resulting in equivocal information. The clinical pathology of wild animals is still a growing or even unknown area by many practitioners. There are several factors prior to laboratory analysis that must be standardized in order to obtain correct results. The aim of this paper is therefore to review the main factors related to the pre-analytical phase in the processing of wildlife specimens in the area of clinical pathology.
What textual copying does not count as plagiarism? Elaborate examples and problem-solving
Authors: Abdulhamid Katib Atif , Bakr Kalo Bakr , Hamza Motair Nadir
Published: March 2022

Scientists are motivated to publish original and high-quality articles. The only right way to accomplish that is through a long and daunting academic career. Sometimes illegal shortcuts and tortuous methods are attempted by some people. Bolstered with elaborate examples and problem-solving, this treatise explains the legal ways of textual copying and proper referencing techniques. Moreover, it teaches how to steer away from copyright violations. In addition, it warns off all forms of literary theft and the catastrophic consequences of research misconduct.
Chemical Treatment of Water Stream in a Continuous Flowing Process with Doping Technique: Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(Oh)2) as a Case Study
Authors:   Chemical Engineering Department.Epe. Lagos State .Nigeria, Oladejo Duduyemi
Published: March 2022

Water from rivers are often characterised with variable compositions influenced by the environment on the path of flow. Treatment with chemicals additives to obtain a level of purification will require repeated test to ascertain required concentrations. The complex structure of a continuous flowing river was investigated to determine required dosage with different concentrations of Calcium Hydroxide in specific volumes of the water in a gang stirrer operated at 12 rpm. The dosages and level of purity were evaluated. The results showed that the 20% alkaline stock solution was suitable for the dosing process as it gave a PH of 7.30, TDS of 38.38mg/l, Temperature of 280C and viscosity of 1400.7p/s. The derived optimum dose percentage from jar test analysis, introduced into a customised water treatment pilot plant was used improve the water quality with ratio controlled mechanism for a continuously flowing process by regulating the valves of the main source supply in a simple ratio flowing rates ( manipulated stream) with the controlled doping valve for a regular continuous treatment. Data obtained were applied to develop a the correlation between the flow rates of the main stream and the doping concentrations in using Aspen Hysys simulation with rigorous evaluations to predict subsequent flow rates for qualitative and quantitative chemical treatment of water in a continuously flowing water purification system. The mechanism and the relationships could be used for doping other chemicals in a continuously flowing water processing.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE OF THE FREE ECONOMIC SOCIETY AT THE BELARUSIAN STATE
POLYTECHNICAL INSTITUTE (1921–1922)
Authors: Dubovik Aliaksandr K.
Published: March 2022

The article considers the activities of a scientific society acting in

1921–1922 under the name of the Belarusian Free Economic Society in the Belarusian State Polytechnical Institute (BSPI) and created on the basis the Belarusian State Institute of Agriculture. The significance of the agronomic (agricultural) section of

society in the development of agricultural science is shown. The article marks the important role played by the chairman of the society, the first rector of the BSPI, a research agronomist Nikanor Yaroshevich, as well as by the chairman of the agricultural section Sergei Skandrakov and other agricultural scientists.
DOCUMENTS OF THE 1509 FUND «WESTERN BRANCH OF THE VASKHNIL» OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY
OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Authors: Sytsko Kiryl W.
Published: March 2022

The gradual development of the history of science in Belarus requires a comprehensive development and disclosure of the source potential of documents and materials from the preserved funds of the national scientific institutions. The article provides archival characteristics of a set of documents; a typical analysis was carried out, as well as an analysis of the information coverage of historical sources stored in the fund 1509 "Western Branch of the All-Union Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor the V.I. Lenin Academy of Agricultural Sciences" of the National Archives of the Republic of Belarus (NARB).
AN ORGANIZER OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND BRANCH SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROFESSOR M. N. OCHAPOVSKY (1788–1854)
Authors: Holikova Olena M.
Published: March 2022

Multitalented activities of professor M. N. Ochapovsky, the director of the Institute of Agriculture and Forestry in Marimont in 1835–1853, were studied according to the data published in Polish, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian sources, as well as in the archival documents, which were taken from an educational institution in Poland to Kharkov at the beginning of the World War I.The tasks of the experimental field and household and botanical gardens, created at the institute in accordance with the Charter of 1835, were investigated.
THE LIFE PATH OF ACADEMICIAN JUVENALY WEISS
Authors: Mianchenya Siarhej V.
Published: March 2022

Academician Yuvenaly Weiss (1878–1950) was one of the founders of the Belarusian agricultural engineering. He spent most of his scientific and pedagogical career in Gorki, first as a teacher at a vocational school, then as the head of the mechanization department of the institute. In 1946 he was reassigned to work in the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR, in Minsk, and his life came to an end. On the basis of archival materials, the pages of the academician's personal life and his accusations of deviating from proletarian science are revealed.
DZMITRYJ PRYŠCEPAU AT THE HEAD OF THE BELARUSIAN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY NAMED AFTER V. I. LENIN UNDER THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS OF THE BSSR
Authors: Baranouski Aliaksandr V.
Published: March 2022

The article considers the organization, activities and liquidation of the Belarusian Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry named after V. I. Lenin under the Council of People's Commissars of the BSSR, whose council was headed by D. F. Pryšcepau..
AGRICULTURAL PERIODICALS OF BELARUS (SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY)
Authors: Вeryozkina Natalya Yu.
Published: March 2022

Publication of agricultural periodicals in Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries is considered. The content of agricultural magazines and newspapers and the main types of publications are characterized.
PUBLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL BOOKS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES IN BELARUS
Authors: Вeryozkina Natalya Yu.
Published: March 2022

Publication of agricultural books in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries in Belarus is considered. The main branches of agriculture, the main types of agricultural literature are presented.