bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Présences et simulacres sur scène et au tribunal
Authors: Sherwin Richard , Gouarné Esther
Published: July 2013

Richard Sherwin analyse les changements structurels qui marquent les procès dans le contexte de notre ère néo-baroque, saturée d’images et d’informations. Il recourt à une comparaison entre pratique du droit et théâtre post-moderne, en s’appuyant en particulier sur l’exemple du groupe The Builders Association. Le procès devient en effet lui aussi une performance multimédia envahie par les écrans, ce qui remet en question le sens du témoignage et la valeur de la preuve, car les images deviennent des copies de copies de plus en plus retravaillées et virtuelles. Le parallèle entre théâtre hybride et performance du droit permet de comprendre les risques de l’hybridation du procès, coupé de la réalité dont il doit rendre compte, et qui doit se redéfinir pour conserver sa légitimité.
De la performance à la performativité
Authors: Féral Josette
Published: July 2013

Arrivées récemment sur la scène française, les notions de « performance » et de « performativité » y demeurent encore quelque peu confuses et les enjeux qu’elles recouvrent peu clairs. Cet article souhaite donc faire une lecture analytique de la pensée de Schechner, à l’origine de ce grand mouvement des Performance Studies qui marque les études théâtrales, en dialoguant avec elle et en en soulignant les paradoxes et les usages possibles.
Voyage(s) dans l'immobilité
Authors: Marussich Yann
Published: July 2013

L’artiste performer Yann Marussich commente ici son propre itinéraire, ses expérimentations, ses performances réalisées depuis le début des années 2000. Il nous livre le parcours chronologique de sa recherche artistique et donne un aperçu de sa méthodologie de travail, comme de ses présupposés. Partant de la danse et du Body Art, il développe une méthodologie singulière, centrée sur l’immobilité apparente mettant en jeu des micro-mouvements.
S'entraîner à disparaître
Authors: Fabre Jan
Published: July 2013

Dans cette interview, Jan Fabre expose sa conception de la performance et définit le performer contemporain dont il a besoin pour incarner son œuvre scénique, à mi-chemin entre la danse et le jeu théâtral, entre la spontanéité et la répétition. Il insiste sur les liens qu’il a tissés au fil de sa carrière entre l’art de la performance et la performance théâtrale.
The ‘Mehter March' of Cultural Policy in Turkey
Authors: İnce Ayça
Published: July 2013

La politique culturelle fut un pilier important de la construction de la nation aux débuts de la République turque. Depuis que le Parti pour la justice et le développement (AKP) est arrivé au pouvoir en 2002, la Turquie a connu de nouveaux types de discours et de pratiques en matière de politique culturelle. La politique culturelle est devenue un sujet de conversation attrayant, mais son développement sur le terrain ressemble aux étapes d’une marche des Mehter , deux pas en avant et un pas en arrière. L’ouverture du processus d’adhésion à l’UE a légitimé l’AKP pour changer le système d’administration publique. Il a permis au gouvernement central de se retirer de son rôle d’investisseur et d’adopter plutôt le rôle de facilitateur. Par ailleurs, la nouvelle loi sur les administrations locales a apporté de la déconcentration plus que de la décentralisation et a rendu les institutions plus faibles par la mise en œuvre d’une nouvelle gestion publique. Cet article décrit l’état actuel de la politique culturelle en montrant les contradictions entre le discours et la pratique sous le gouvernement de l’AKP. Il traite également de cette transformation par opposition à l’élaboration de la politique culturelle turque dans le contexte des années quatre-vingt-dix.
Determining hydrological and soil mechanical parameters from multichannel surface‐wave analysis across the Alpine Fault at Inchbonnie, New Zealand
Authors: Konstantaki L.A. , Carpentier S. , Garofalo F. , Bergamo P. , Socco L.V.
Published: July 2013

Combining S‐wave data, resulting from surface‐wave dispersion analysis with P‐wave tomographic data, is a valuable tool to improve the understanding of near‐surface soil properties and allows the estimation of soil mechanical parameters and the determination of the depth of the water table. To achieve this combination of methods in a complex fault zone setting, active‐source seismic data were acquired at Inchbonnie, New Zealand across the Alpine Fault. This is a major transpressional strike‐slip fault that has generated magnitude > 7.8 earthquakes in the past. In this study, we focus on the surface‐wave component of these data, to determine elastic parameters for the shallow (~60 m) subsurface as well as the depth of the water table. We achieve this by combining S‐wave velocity models from surface‐wave dispersion curve inversion and P‐wave velocity models obtained from traveltime tomographic inversion in a previous study. The surface‐wave dispersion curve inversion is done by means of a laterally constrained inversion algorithm.

As a result, we are able to obtain elastic parameters and map the water table and the geology around the Alpine Fault at Inchbonnie, New Zealand. The Alpine Fault itself appears as a relatively sharp lateral discontinuity in all investigated parameters.
Application of alternative seismic‐stacking techniques to ringing noise removal from GPR data
Authors: Rashed Mohamed
Published: July 2013

Ringing is a common type of coherent noise that degrades the quality of ground‐penetrating radar data. Conventional ringing attenuation or a background removal algorithm works by generating an average ensemble that is then subtracted from all traces in a GPR section. This study presents four alternative algorithms, usually used in stacking‐seismic reflection data, for generating such an ensemble. These algorithms include median stack, diversity stack, alpha‐trimmed stack and smart stack. The traditional algorithm and the four alternative algorithms are tested using two real GPR data sets. The outcomes of the five background removal methods are compared to each other and to the original data using statistical analyses and visual inspection. The results show that all the four alternative techniques are more efficient in background removal than the conventional technique, with the smart ensemble yielding the best results followed by the alpha‐trimmed ensemble.
Entre réhabilitation du scepticisme et critique du cartésianisme : Foucher lecteur du scepticisme académique
Authors: Charles Sébastien
Published: July 2013

Réduire le renouveau sceptique propre à la période moderne au seul pyrrhonisme serait passer sous silence la résurgence du scepticisme académicien à la fin du xviie siècle en la personne de Simon Foucher, pour qui l’académisme constituait la seule philosophie capable de déjouer les impasses du dualisme cartésien au niveau de ses implications épistémologiques. Voilà pourquoi, pour donner une idée exacte de ce que fut le scepticisme moderne, il est important de présenter les raisons justifiant, pour Foucher, une nécessaire réhabilitation de l’académisme, afin d’évoquer la compréhension et l’interprétation qui furent les siennes de ce courant philosophique, et l’utilisation qu’il en a faite contre le cartésianisme présenté sous la forme d’un nouveau dogmatisme. C’est donc au nom d’une conception sceptique de la philosophie conçue comme recherche méthodique de la vérité et dénuée de tout préjugé dogmatique, que Foucher s’en est pris au dualisme de ses contemporains, comme s’il avait compris que seule la philosophie académicienne pouvait être en mesure de fournir à l’esprit scientifique des temps nouveaux une méthode sceptique adaptée, anticipant par là le « pyrrhonisme raisonnable » du siècle suivant.
Protective CD8 T Cell–Mediated Immunity against Influenza A Virus Infection following Influenza Virus–like Particle Vaccination
Authors: Hemann Emily A. , Kang Sang-Moo , Legge Kevin L.
Published: July 2013

The development of influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines capable of inducing cytotoxic CD8 T cell responses could potentially provide superior, long-term protection against multiple, heterologous strains of IAV. Although prior studies demonstrated the effectiveness of baculovirus-derived virus-like particle (VLP) vaccination in generating Ab-mediated protection, the role that CD8 T cell immunity plays in overall VLP-mediated protection is less-well understood. In this article, we demonstrate that intranasal vaccination of mice with a VLP containing the hemagglutinin and matrix 1 proteins of IAV/PR/8/34 leads to a significant increase in hemagglutinin 533–specific CD8 T cells in the lungs and protection following subsequent homologous challenge with IAV. VLP-mediated protection was significantly reduced by CD8 T cell depletion, indicating a critical role for CD8 T cells in protective immunity. Importantly, our results show that VLP vaccine–induced CD8 T cell–mediated protection is not limited to homologous IAV strains. VLP vaccination leads to an increase in protection following heterosubtypic challenge with a strain of IAV that avoids vaccine-induced neutralizing Abs but contains conserved, immunodominant CD8 T cell epitopes. Overall, our results demonstrate the ability of influenza protein–containing VLPs to prime IAV-specific CD8 T cell responses that contribute to protection from homo- and heterosubtypic IAV infections. These results further suggest that vaccination strategies focused on the development of cross-protective CD8 T cell responses may contribute to the development of “universal” IAV vaccines.
Prolactin Is Not Required for the Development of Severe Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Costanza Massimo , Musio Silvia , Abou-Hamdan Mhamad , Binart Nadine , Pedotti Rosetta
Published: July 2013

Predominance of multiple sclerosis (MS) in women, reductions of disease flares during pregnancy, and their increase in the postpartum period have suggested a hormonal influence on MS activity. The hormone prolactin (PRL) has long been debated as a potential immune-stimulating factor in several autoimmune disorders, including MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, to date, no data clearly ascribe a pathogenic role to PRL in these diseases. Using PRL receptor–deficient (Prlr−/−) and PRL-deficient (Prl−/−) mice, we show that PRL plays a redundant role in the development of chronic EAE. In Prlr−/− and Prl−/− mice, EAE developed with a delayed onset compared with littermate control mice, but with full clinical severity. In line with the clinical outcome, T cell proliferation and production of IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-6 induced by myelin Ag were delayed in Prlr−/− and Prl−/− mice. Ag-specific IgG Ab responses were not affected by PRLR or PRL deficiency. We also show that mouse lymph node cells and purified CD4+ T cells express transcript for Prlr, but not for Prl. These results reveal that PRL does not play a central role in the development of chronic EAE and optimal Th1 and Th17 responses against myelin. Moreover, they also rule out a possible contribution of PRL secreted by immune cells to the modulation of autoreactive T cell response in this model.
Note corologiche, tassonomiche ed ecologiche su Pterostichus (Pterostichus) honnoratii (Dejean, 1828) (Coleoptera Carabidae)
Authors: Bisio Luigi
Published: July 2013

Viene pubblicata un’analisi della corologia di Pterostichus (Pterostichus) honnoratii (Dejean, 1828) nelle alpi occidentali. La sottospecie sellae (Stierlin, 1881) è nota delle alpi Liguri, Marittime e Cozie meridionali. La sottospecie nominale occupa le alpi Cozie settentrionali, le Graie, le Pennine e, più a ovest, le Prealpi francesi di vaucluse (Mont ventoux) e le Prealpi del delfinato (vercors). La sottospecie ludovici Schatzmayr, 1930 è nota delle alpi svizzere, sui monti intorno al Lago di Ginevra. Inoltre, sono riassunti i caratteri esterni che permettono di distinguere le tre sottospecie. Esse differiscono per la morfologia degli angoli posteriori (ssp. sellae: ottusi e smussati; ssp. honnoratii: retti e sporgenti) e degli angoli anteriori (honnoratii: sporgenti; ludovici: poco sporgenti) del pronoto. infine, sono proposte alcune osservazioni sull’ecologia di questa specie. Lungo il versante italiano delle alpi occidentali, P. honnoratii vive esclusivamente negli orizzonti alpino e altoalpino dove popola prevalentemente i ghiaioni calcarei e sfasciumi di calcescisti ai margini dei nevai. In territorio francese, si rinviene anche a quote inferiori in foresta.
Note sul genere neotropicale Vesperelater Costa, 1975 con descrizione di cinque nuove specie e chiavi dicotomiche per le specie note (Coleoptera Elateridae)
Authors: Riese Sergio
Published: July 2013

Il genere Vesperelater è stato istituito da Costa, (1975) per quattro specie attribuite originariamente al genere Pyrophorus. S.P. Rosa (2007) ha incluso in Vesperelater anche una specie assegnata da Costa (1975) al genere Deilelater Costa, 1975, pur sottolineando l’opportunità di un futuro riesame. in questo contributo vengono descritte cinque nuove specie di Pyrophorinae del Messico: Vesperelater chamelai n. sp. (♂, loc. typ.: Mexico, Jalisco, Chamela), V. davidsoni n. sp. (♂♀, loc. typ.: Mexico, Jalisco, Chihualtan), V. guerreroi n. sp. (♂♀, loc. typ.: Mexico, Guerriero, Chilpacingo) v. rawlinsi n. sp. (♂, loc. Typ.: Mexico, Michoacan, arteaga) e V. saltinii n. sp. (♂♀, loc. typ.: Jalisco, Najarit - Puerto vallarta). Viene fornita una chiave di identificazione delle specie attribuite al genere.
A contribution to the Ichneumoninae fauna of Sicily (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Riedel Matthias , Tomarchio Salvatore
Published: July 2013

In questa indagine faunistica, si forniscono dati sulla distribuzione di 79 specie della sottofamiglia Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) trovate in Sicilia. 39 di esse sono nuove per la fauna di Sicilia e 9 sono nuove per l’Italia. Dal materiale esaminato è descritta per la Sicilia una nuova specie, Platylabus rufator Riedel.
Marker-assisted dissection of anthracnose resistance in the dry bean cultivar Morden003
Authors: Boersma J. G. , Conner R. L. , Balasubramanian P. M. , Yu K. , Hou A.
Published: July 2013

Boersma, J. G., Conner, R. L., Balasubramanian, P. M., Yu, K. and Hou, A. 2013. Marker-assisted dissection of anthracnose resistance in the dry bean cultivar Morden003. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1115–1123. The dry bean cultivar Morden003 is resistant to anthracnose races 73 and 105, the two most prevalent races in western Canada. Previous studies found that Morden003 carried markers OF10530r, SCAreoli and SAS13 that are linked to the Co-1, Co-2 and Co-4 resistance genes on chromosomes Pv01, Pv11 and Pv08, respectively. Morden003 had a reported resistance spectrum similar to three other cultivars that carry the Co-15resistance gene. Using F2and F2:3populations from the reciprocal crosses of Morden003/OAC Rex, we mapped two race-specific resistance gene loci. An examination of known anthracnose resistance and other core markers showed no evidence of resistance being associated with the Co-1, Co-2, or Co-4 loci. Instead, the resistance genes were co-located in the vicinity of the Co-3 locus on Pv04. They were 2 cM apart and flanked by markers SAH181100and BM161. The map generated in this research also showed strong linkage of the anthracnose resistance loci to markers SW12, PVctt001 and SF10, which were associated with the Co-3 and Co-10 loci by previous researchers. A weak, distant linkage of marker SB12 to the Co-3 locus was also detected.
Grado de adherencia terapéutica a los fármacos del metabolismo óseo-mineral: ¿toman nuestros pacientes la medicación prescrita?
Authors: Cazorla Santana Mª Nieves , Rodríguez Díaz Dora
Published: July 2013

Los fármacos del metabolismo óseo-mineral tienen gran importancia el tratamiento de los pacientes de hemodiálisis, pero desconocemos las preferencias, y el grado de conocimiento de estos fármacos. Los objetivos del estudio fueron conocer el grado de adherencia terapéutica a los fármacos del metabolismo oseo-mineral, e identificar los factores más relevantes que influyen en la adherencia a este tipo de tratamiento. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en un Centro de hemodiálisis, incluyendo 106 pacientes. Utilizamos el cuestionario simplificado de adherencia a la medicación (SMAQ)1 y un cuestionario específico sobre cumplimiento y preferencias, para conocer el grado de adherencia. Resultados: El 37,7% de los pacientes fue incumplidor según el cuestionario SMAQ. De ellos, el 34% no tomaba la medicación a la misma hora (P<0,000), el 5,7% incumplía el tratamiento los fines de semana (P<0.010), el 13,2% dejan de tomar la medicación cuando se encuentran mal (P<0,010); y en la última semana, el 18% reconocía que olvidó el tratamiento 1 día (P=0,001) y entre 2-3 días (12,5%). El 52% no tiene preferen-cias por ningún quelante del fósforo y el 60,4% conocía la utilidad de los mismos. La principal razón de desagrado fue el aumento del consumo de ag (16%), seguido del tamaño del comprimido (15%) y el carbonato de lantano es el fármaco que menos les gusta. Finalmente, el 91% reconoce recibir información dietética.Conclusiones: Como conclusión de nuestro estudio, el 37,7% de los pacientes en programa de hemodiálisis, fue no adherente al tratamiento médico prescrito.
Sir Gawain and the White Monks:
Authors: J. Stephen Russell
Published: July 2013

This essay considers the role of the Virgin Mary in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight in light of Cistercian Marian devotional writing. Mary enters the poem as an image on Gawain's shield, but Gawain's focus on her recedes until she is all but forgotten at Bercilak's castle. The study then examines the more structural role of the Virgin in the poem, specifically her invocation in two of the work's dominant images: the star and the kiss. The star has long-standing Marian associations in the form of her title, maris stella. Less obviously, the kiss is connected to Mary through Song of Songs 1:1, “Osculetur me osculo oris sui.” Commentaries and sermons on this text by Bernard of Clairvaux and Aelred of Rievaulx, especially Aelred's Sermon on the Nativity of Mary (XXIV), link these motifs and provide suggestive context for Sir Gawain.
Crystal Structures of the Gold(I) Phosphinine Complexes [AuCl(C5H2P-2,6-Me2-4-Ph)] and [AuCl(C5H2P-2,4,6-Ph3)]
Authors: Stott Jonathan , Bruhn Clemens , Siemeling Ulrich
Published: July 2013

The gold(I) phosphinine complexes [AuCl(C5H2P-2,6-Me2-4-Ph)] and [AuCl(C5H2P-2,4,6-Ph3)] were prepared and structurally characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. In the former case, individual molecules are aggregated in the crystal as crossed dimers with an Au···Au distance of 3:60 Å , compatible with a weak aurophilic interaction. In the latter case, intermolecular Au···π interactions involving the phosphinine ring are observed with Au···C distances in the range from ca. 3.32 to 3:44 Å , which make [AuCl(C5H2P-2,4,6-Ph3)] the first structurally characterised example of intermolecular Au···π interactions involving a heteroarene.
Phosphanchalkogenide und ihre Metallkomplexe. I. Strukturen einiger Diphosphanmonochalkogenide/ Phosphane Chalcogenides and their Metal Complexes. I. Structures of some Diphosphane Monochalcogenides
Authors: Taouss Christina , Jones Peter G.
Published: July 2013

We report the crystal structures of six diphosphane monochalcogenides [1: 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphano) methane sulfide (dppmS), 2: 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphano)ethane oxide (dppeO), 3: 1,2- bis(diphenylphosphano)ethane sulfide (dppeS), 4: 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphano)benzene sulfide (dppbzS), 5: 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphano)benzene selenide (dppbzSe), 6: 1,8-bis(diphenylphosphano)- naphthalene sulfide (dppnS) as its dichloromethane sesquisolvate and monosolvate 6a/6b]. No isotypy is observed for analogous compounds with the same phosphine but different chalcogens. The two independent molecules of 3 are superimposable to a good approximation up to and including the ipso carbons, but the ring orientations are different; 3 differs from 2 mainly by a rotation around the P1- C1 bond. The molecules of 4 and 5 are similar except for the disposition of the rings at PIII. The two molecules of 6 show the distortions typical of 1,8-disubstituted naphthalenes and are closely similar. In the packing of structures 1-3 non-classical hydrogen bonds of the form C-H···E (E=chalcogen) are observed. In a supplement two supposedly new polymorphs of dppmSe2 are shown to be probably identical to previously known forms.
One-dimensional Gold Clusters in HP-Ce7Au13+xGe10–x
Authors: Heymann Gunter , Heying Birgit , Riecken Jan F. , Huppertz Hubert , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: July 2013

Single crystals of the high-pressure phase Ce7Au13+xGe10-x were obtained by treating CeAuGe at 9:5 GPa and 1473 - 1523 K in a multi-anvil press. The structure of Ce7Au13:35Ge9:65 was refined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: new type, Pbam, a = 1571:9(3), b = 1780:3(4), c = 443:58(9) pm, wR2 = 0:0470, 2017 F2 values, 96 variables. Two of the five germanium sites show a small degree of Ge/Au mixing. The gold and germanium atoms build up a complex threedimensional, covalently bonded [Au13:35Ge9:65] network with Au-Ge distances ranging from 249 to 293 pm. The [Au13:35Ge9:65] network also exhibits a one-dimensional gold cluster with Au-Au distances of 275 - 301 pm and a weakly bonded germanium dumb-bell with a Ge4-Ge5 bond length of 271 pm. The four crystallographically independent cerium atoms fill cavities of coordination numbers 19 and 20 within the [Au13:35Ge9:65] network. These coordinations are known from other structure types. Consequently one can describe the Ce7Au13:35Ge9:65 structure as an intergrowth variant of Eu- AuGe, HP-CeAuGe (TiNiSi), CeAu2Ge2 (CePt2Ge2), and Ce3Ag4Ge4 (Gd3Cu4Sn4) related slabs.
Identidades construídas e reconstruídas: a perspectiva do outro e a imposição de valores à cultura indígena
Authors: Ourique João Luis Pereira
Published: July 2013

Este trabalho parte do entendimento de que a questão da identidade é vista não como conceito unificador, mas como problematização do que se entende como formação cultural. Essa discussão se traduz, assim, como o principal elemento que sustenta um processo de cunho hermenêutico, refletindo as diversas interpretações acerca da construção do eu e do Outro. O entrecruzamento de olhares a partir de culturas distintas – entre o indígena e o branco colonizador – evidencia o descompasso e as contradições decorrentes desse processo de inculcação de valores e da tentativa de apagamento de uma forma de pensar a si mesmo.
L’entretien individuel en recherche qualitative : usages et modes de présentation dans la Revue des sciences de l’éducation
Authors: Baribeau Colette , Royer Chantal
Published: July 2013

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude visant à connaître l’usage de l’entretien individuel en recherche qualitative. Elle s’appuie sur l’analyse des précisions méthodologiques fournies dans 18 articles empiriques recourant à l’entretien individuel, publiés entre 2006 et 2009 dans laRevue des sciences de l’éducation. Les résultats révèlent : une utilisation marquée de l’entretien semi-dirigé ; des objectifs, contextes de recherche, participants et procédures d’analyse décrits de manière peu précise ; des résumés généralement conformes aux exigences de laRevueet l’absence de précisions quant aux précautions éthiques et à la scientificité des études. Des questions sont soulevées au regard de la validité des données et des résultats.
Croyances motivationnelles, habiletés numériques etstratégies dans l’apprentissage des mathématiquesen formation professionnelle
Authors: Berger Jean-Louis
Published: July 2013

L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyserempiriquement, dans un échantillon de 281 apprentis enformation professionnelle suivant des cours de mathématiques,les relations entre les habiletés dans le domaine duraisonnement numérique, les perceptions de soi et de latâche, les buts de compétence, ainsi que lesstratégies d’apprentissage. Des analyses de cheminementmontrent que les divers buts de compétence sont préditsde manière différentielle par les perceptions de soi etde la tâche. En outre, les buts de compétence exercent unrôle médiateur dans la relation entre les perceptions dela tâche et de soi et les stratégiesd’apprentissage. Finalement, l’instrumentalitéperçue et l’anxiété ont des effets directset indirects sur la mobilisation de stratégiesd’apprentissage. Les résultats sont discutésà la lumière des théories motivationnelles et del’apprentissage autorégulé ainsi que par lacomparaison avec d’autres études empiriques.
Approches pragmatique et dispositionnaliste du rapport aux savoirs scientifiques des enseignants d’éducation physique, agrégés et normaliens
Authors: Quidu Matthieu
Published: July 2013

Dans le cadre d’une approche pragmatique, nous étudionsles savoirs scientifiques jugés utiles par une populationsingulière de professeurs d’éducationphysique : les agrégés, anciens élèvesde l’École normale supérieure. À partir dequestionnaires ouverts, sont identifiés le contenu et la formede ces savoirs, leurs modes d’acquisition et leurs fonctions pourl’intervention. Les résultats sont confrontésà ceux de Terral et Collinet (2007) obtenus sur unéchantillon généraliste, en vue de discuter del’impact éventuel d’expériences originales desocialisation. Au final, les enseignants interrogésprivilégient les savoirs technologiques sur les savoirsscientifiques et sont partagés entre des dispositionsapplicationnistes et contextualistes.
Ultrasound Imaging on Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
Authors: Emerson Donald S. , Cohen Harris L. , Parks Frank , Wan Jim Y. , Graves Houston
Published: July 2013

Objectives

To evaluate whether picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) adequately satisfy radiologists' needs in ultrasound (US) imaging and which PACS functions may be inadequately implemented for handling US diagnosis.

Methods

An electronic survey was sent to the membership of the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound asking them to rate their PACS experience for different modalities, judge the quality of various PACS functions having an impact on US practice and diagnosis, indicate if they felt a need for US‐related PACS functions to be implemented or improved, and rate PACS‐related improvements for different components of their US practice.

Results

Of the 161 respondents, 112 (70%) used a general radiology PACS. Of these respondents, only 53.2% gave a high rating to the US experience in PACS, significantly lower (P < .0001) than for computed tomography (85.2%), magnetic resonance imaging (84.4%), and radiography (83.2%). The functionality of US‐specific display, image‐processing, and data management PACS processes were graded significantly lower than basic PACS display functions. Only 0.9% of respondents highly rated PACS handling of 3‐dimensional US volume data, whereas 92% highly rated the quality of the black‐and‐white US image display (P < .0001). Most respondents would like most of these US‐specific functions implemented or improved, and most respondents stated that PACS has improved their US practice in different ways, although the contribution in more complex image analysis is lagging.

Conclusions

Radiologists with a special interest in US believe that the PACS experience for US is lacking. This research helps identify those specific tasks that may further improve work efficiency and diagnostic confidence.
Evaluation of the Particulate Concentration in a Gelatin‐Based Phantom for Sonographically Guided Lesion Biopsy
Authors: Gerstenmaier Jan F. , McCarthy Colin J. , Brophy David P. , Cantwell Colin P.
Published: July 2013

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine the particulate concentration in a gelatin‐based ultrasound phantom for lesion biopsy at 6 cm in depth to reduce visualization of the biopsy needle in the near field, simulating subcutaneous fat and tissue echogenicity, and maintain target lesion visualization.

Methods

Four gelatin‐based phantoms with cornstarch at concentrations of 4, 8, 12, and 16 g/L and an anechoic gelatin target at 7 cm in depth were rated on a 5‐point scale by readers for visibility of the target lesion, similarity of near‐field to abdominal subcutaneous fat echogenicity, and visibility of a 22‐gauge spinal needle in the phantom. A timed sonographically guided localization task was performed on the anechoic target by 4 radiology residents using the 22‐gauge spinal needle. Results were analyzed by comparative statistical analysis.

Results

An increasing particulate concentration did not alter the similarity of near‐field to abdominal subcutaneous fat echogenicity (P = .6) but did significantly reduce visibility of the anechoic target at a cornstarch concentration of 16 g/L (P = .04) and the 22‐gauge needle at 12 g/L (P = .03). Decreased visualization of the needle or target lesion did not affect the time for needle localization of the anechoic target (P = .96).

Conclusions

The optimal ultrasound phantom cornstarch concentration was 12 g/L to reduce visualization of the spinal needle, simulating subcutaneous fat echogenicity while maintaining target lesion visualization.
Fetal Cardiac Circumference Derived by Spatiotemporal Image Correlation as a Predictor of Fetal Hemoglobin Bart Disease at Midpregnancy
Authors: Siwawong Woralak , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Luewan Suchaya , Tongsong Theera
Published: July 2013

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the fetal cardiac circumference derived by spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) for predicting fetal hemoglobin (Hb) Bart disease.

Methods

Pregnancies at risk of fetal Hb Bart disease at 17 to 22 weeks' gestation were enrolled. All underwent STIC volume acquisition for analysis of fetal cardiac dimensions and cordocentesis for Hb level and Hb typing analysis. Spatiotemporal image correlation volume data sets were subsequently analyzed offline for cardiac circumference measurements, which were used to evaluate the efficacy in predicting fetal anemia and fetal Hb Bart disease.

Results

A total of 88 pregnancies at risk of fetal Hb Bart disease at 17 to 22 weeks were recruited into the study. The cardiac circumference was significantly higher in fetuses with Hb Bart disease than in unaffected fetuses (1.33 and 1.02 multiples of the median [MoM], respectively; P < .001). The cardiac circumference effectively predicted fetal Hb Bart disease (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.97), with sensitivity of 86.4% (95% CI, 72.0%–100%) and specificity of 78.1% (95% CI, 68.0%–88.3%) using a cutoff point of greater than 1.17 MoM, whereas the cardiothoracic ratio had better efficacy, with sensitivity of 90.9% (95% CI, 78.9%–100%) and specificity of 85.9% (95% CI, 77.4%–94.5%) using a cutoff point of greater than 0.50.

Conclusions

At midpregnancy, a cardiac circumference of greater than 1.17 MoM can be used as an alternative sonographic marker for predicting fetal Hb Bart disease, although not perfectly. However, the cardiothoracic ratio seems to be more accurate than the cardiac circumference for such a purpose.
An Innovative Technique for Recording Picture‐in‐Picture Ultrasound Videos
Authors: Rajasekaran Sathish , Finnoff Jonathan T.
Published: July 2013

Many ultrasound educational products and ultrasound researchers present diagnostic and interventional ultrasound information using picture‐in‐picture videos, which simultaneously show the ultrasound image and transducer and patient positions. Traditional techniques for creating picture‐in‐picture videos are expensive, nonportable, or time‐consuming. This article describes an inexpensive, simple, and portable way of creating picture‐in‐picture ultrasound videos. This technique uses a laptop computer with a video capture device to acquire the ultrasound feed. Simultaneously, a webcam captures a live video feed of the transducer and patient position and live audio. Both sources are streamed onto the computer screen and recorded by screen capture software. This technique makes the process of recording picture‐in‐picture ultrasound videos more accessible for ultrasound educators and researchers for use in their presentations or publications.
Psycho-spatial predictors of alcohol use among motor drivers in Ibadan, Nigeria: Implications for preventing vehicular accidents
Authors: Abikoye Gboyega E.
Published: July 2013

Abikoye, G. E. (2012). Psycho-spatial predictors of alcohol use among motor drivers in Ibadan, Nigeria: Implications for preventing vehicular accidents. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 1(1), 17-26. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.32 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.32)Aims: The study examined the roles of selected psychological, demographic and environmental variables in predicting hazardous drinking for both commercial drivers and private drivers.Design: The study was a cross-sectional survey.Setting: Data were collected at motor parks, auto workshops and car wash centers across the metropolis of Ibadan, Nigeria.Participants: A convenience sample of 566 drivers was recruited (241 commercial and 325 private drivers). Most drivers were male, and the mean age of the total sample was 35.70 years (±8.62 years).Measurements: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to measure hazardous drinking. Psychological variables included standardized measures of perceived drinking norms and optimistic bias. Demographic variables included age, sex, education, marital status, employment status and income. Environmental variables included proximity to alcohol vendors or selling points and neighborhood density.Findings: About 45% of commercial drivers and 25% of private drivers reported hazardous levels of alcohol consumption. Hazardous drinking was predicted by age, education, income, proximity to alcohol outlets, neighborhood density, optimistic bias and perceived drinking norms even when all variables were included in the regression model. These variables accounted for a substantial proportion of variance in predicting hazardous drinking.Conclusions: Psychological, environmental and demographic variables are important in understanding hazardous drinking among drivers and should be incorporated into intervention for reducing drivers’ hazardous drinking, including drinking and driving.
Alcohol and inequity in the process of development: Contributions from ethnographic research
Authors: Schmidt Laura A. , Room Robin
Published: July 2013

Schmidt, L. A. & Room, R. (2012). Alcohol and inequity in the process of development: Contributions from ethnographic research. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 1(1), 41-55. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.38 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.38) Drawing on 33 ethnographic studies of drinking in low- and middle-income countries around the world, this paper describes common themes pertaining to economic development, alcohol consumption and related harms. Three crosscutting themes emerged that shed light on why alcohol consumption and problems tend to increase during periods of economic development. First, from the perspective of the global alcohol industry, developing countries often become viewed as emerging consumer markets. Commercially produced alcohol tends to gain a higher status than traditional locally produced beverages, replacing them as resources allow. Drinking and beverage choices thus both symbolize new social divisions and help create them. Second, economic relations change whereby women’s interests often lose ground as men’s drinking increases. Commercialization of production may mean that women lose control over what was traditionally a home-produced supply. Resources that once stayed in the family or community may be exported as commercial profits. Third, alcohol often becomes both a source and symbol of political tensions and class divisions. Governments may become dependent on commercial alcohol revenues and willing to tolerate high levels of alcohol-related harm. In response, social and cultural movements, often promulgated by women, spontaneously emerge from within developing societies to counterbalance elite interests in the alcohol trade and push against external market forces.
Socio-economic determinants for alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking in a Ugandan student population
Authors: Stafström Martin , Agardh Anette
Published: July 2013

Stafström, M. & Agardh, A. (2012). Socio-economic determinants for alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking in a Ugandan student population. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 1(1), 57-67. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.40 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.40)Aims: To examine whether the socio-economic determinants of alcohol use found in high-income university student settings are also true of Uganda.Design: Two cross-sectional surveys, conducted in 2005 and 2010, combined into a single dataset.Setting: Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) in southwestern Uganda.Participants: 2,934 students (N in 2005 = 980; N in 2010 = 1,954). Total response rate = 76.8%.Results: Multivariate logistic regression showed the following socio-economic determinants to be positively associated with alcohol consumption: having attended boarding school (for males only); being Catholic; religion not playing a big role while growing up; head of household having had secondary education or higher (for females only); being a student of development studies, tropical forest conservation or computer science (the latter two for males only). Being Muslim or, for males, being a non-Anglican Protestant were negatively related to alcohol use. Different patterns were found for heavy episodic drinking. Being a male Muslim or a male student of development studies was positively related to heavy episodic drinking; while among females, being of a non-classified faith, having had a head of the household with a secondary education, not being raised by both parents, or being a student of development studies or science were positively related to heavy episodic drinking.Conclusion: Alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking on a monthly basis among the students at MUST seem linked to a student’s socio-economic background, with varying patterns for male and female students.
Trisomy 18p caused by a supernumerary marker with a chromosome 13/21 centromere: A possible recurrent chromosome aberration
Authors: Plaja Alberto , Lloveras Elisabet , Martinez‐Bouzas Cristina , Barreña Beatriz , Campo Miguel Del , Fernández Asunción , Herrero Marta , Barranco Laura , Palau Nuria , López‐Aríztegui M. Asunción , Català Vicenç , Tejada Maria‐Isabel
Published: July 2013

We present a clinical and molecular cytogenetic characterization of two new patients with a complex supernumerary marker consisting of the entire short arm of chromosome 18 with a chromosome 13/21 centromere. One patient is a girl with a nonsyndromic intellectual disability and the second is a prenatally diagnosed fetus. To our knowledge, these are the fourth and fifth such cases to be described in the literature, suggesting the existence of a possible recurring constitutional structural chromosome abnormality. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endocrine abnormalities in townes–brocks syndrome
Authors: Lawrence Cara , Hong‐McAtee Irene , Hall Bryan , Hartsfield James , Rutherford Andrew , Bonilla Tracy , Bay Carolyn
Published: July 2013

Townes–Brocks syndrome is a recognizable variable pattern of malformation caused by mutations to the SALL1 gene located on chromosome 16q12.1. Only three known cases of Townes–Brocks syndrome with proven SALL1 gene mutation and concurrent endocrine abnormalities have been previously documented to our knowledge [Kohlhase et al., 1999; Botzenhart et al., 2005; Choi et al., 2010]. We report on two unrelated patients with Townes–Brocks syndrome who share an identical SALL1 mutation (c.3414_3415delAT), who also have endocrine abnormalities. Patient 1 appears to be the first known case of growth hormone deficiency, and Patient 2 extends the number of documented mutation cases with hypothyroidism to four. We suspect endocrine abnormalities, particularly treatable deficiencies, may be an underappreciated component to Townes–Brocks syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A nanonewton force facility to test Newton's law of gravity at micro‐ and submicrometer distances
Authors: Nesterov Vladimir , Buetefisch Sebastian , Koenders Ludger
Published: July 2013

An experiment to test Newton's law of gravity at micro‐ and submicrometer distances using a nanonewton force facility at PTB and modern microtechnologies is proposed. It is anticipated that the proposed method can advance the search for non‐Newtonian gravity forces via an enhanced sensitivity of 103 to 104 in comparison to current experiments at the micrometer length scale.
Knowledge sharing and knowledge management system avoidance: The role of knowledge type and the social network in bypassing an organizational knowledge management system
Authors: Brown Susan A. , Dennis Alan R. , Burley Diana , Arling Priscilla
Published: July 2013

Knowledge sharing is a difficult task for most organizations, and there are many reasons for this. In this article, we propose that the nature of the knowledge shared and an individual's social network influence employees to find more value in person‐to‐person knowledge sharing, which could lead them to bypass the codified knowledge provided by a knowledge management system (KMS). We surveyed employees of a workman's compensation board in Canada and used social network analysis and hierarchical linear modeling to analyze the data. The results show that knowledge complexity and knowledge teachability increased the likelihood of finding value in person‐to‐person knowledge transfer, but knowledge observability did not. Contrary to expectations, whether the knowledge was available in the KMS had no impact on the value of person‐to‐person knowledge transfer. In terms of the social network, individuals with larger networks tended to perceive more value in the person‐to‐person transfer of knowledge than those with smaller networks.
Transfer printing of transfected cell microarrays from poly(ethylene glycol)‐oleyl surfaces onto biological hydrogels
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , Komiya Senori , Matsunuma Erika , Yamahira Shinya , Kihara Takanori , Miyake Jun , Nagamune Teruyuki
Published: July 2013

We have developed a novel technique for constructing microarrays of transfected mammalian cells on or in extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels by transfer printing from patterned poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐oleyl surfaces. A mixed solution of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and a transfection reagent was spotted on PEG‐oleyl‐coated glass slides using an ink‐jet printer, and the cells were then transiently immobilized on the patterned transfection mixtures. After overlaying an ECM hydrogel sheet onto the immobilized cells, the cells sandwiched between the glass slide and the hydrogel sheet were incubated at 37°C for simultaneous transfection of siRNA into cells and adhesion of cells to the hydrogel sheet. Transfer of the adhered, transfected cells was completed by peeling off the hydrogel sheet. The knockdown of a model gene in the transferred cell microarray by the transfected siRNA was successfully confirmed. Transfected cell microarrays were also embedded within three‐dimensional ECM hydrogels. In the three‐dimensional hydrogel, the inhibition effect of siRNA on cancer cell invasion was evaluated by quantifying the size of cell clusters on the microarrays. These results indicate that transfection of cell microarrays on or in a biological matrix is a promising technique for high‐throughput screening of disease‐related genes by direct observation of cellular phenomena in a physiologically relevant environment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 3269–3274. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expansion of mesenchymal stem cells under atmospheric carbon dioxide
Authors: Brodsky Arthur Nathan , Zhang Jing , Visconti Richard P. , Harcum Sarah W.
Published: July 2013

Stem cells are needed for an increasing number of scientific applications, including both fundamental research and clinical disease treatment. To meet this rising demand, improved expansion methods to generate high quantities of high quality stem cells must be developed. Unfortunately, the bicarbonate buffering system – which relies upon an elevated CO2environment – typically used to maintain pH in stem cell cultures introduces several unnecessary limitations in bioreactor systems. In addition to artificially high dissolved CO2levels negatively affecting cell growth, but more importantly, the need to sparge CO2into the system complicates the ability to control culture parameters. This control is especially important for stem cells, whose behavior and phenotype is highly sensitive to changes in culture conditions such as dissolved oxygen and pH. As a first step, this study developed a buffer to support expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) under an atmospheric CO2environment in static cultures. MSC expanded under atmospheric CO2with this buffer achieved equivalent growth rates without adaptation compared to those grown in standard conditions and also maintained a stem cell phenotype, self‐renewal properties, and the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages after expansion. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical EngineersBiotechnol. Prog., 29:1298–1306, 2013
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Henry Reactions of Aldehydes Using Chiral Biaryl‐Based Bis(thiourea) Organocatalysts.
Authors: Nakayama Yuki , Hidaka Yusaku , Ito Katsuji
Published: July 2013

The conditions are optimized using the newly designed BTU catalyst for aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes.
Efferent connections of the parvalbumin‐positive (PV1) nucleus in the lateral hypothalamus of rodents
Authors: Celio Marco R. , Babalian Alexandre , Ha Quan Hue , Eichenberger Simone , Clément Laurence , Marti Christiane , Saper Clifford B.
Published: July 2013

A solitary cluster of parvalbumin‐positive neurons – the PV1 nucleus – has been observed in the lateral hypothalamus of rodents. In the present study, we mapped the efferent connections of the PV1 nucleus using nonspecific antero‐ and retrograde tracers in rats, and chemoselective, Cre‐dependent viral constructs in parvalbumin‐Cre mice. In both species, the PV1 nucleus was found to project mainly to the periaqueductal grey matter (PAG), predominantly ipsilaterally. Indirectly in rats and directly in mice, a discrete, longitudinally oriented cylindrical column of terminal fields (PV1‐CTF) was identified ventrolateral to the aqueduct on the edge of the PAG. The PV1‐CTF is particularly dense in the rostral portion, which is located in the supraoculomotor nucleus (Su3). It is spatially interrupted over a short stretch at the level of the trochlear nucleus and abuts caudally on a second parvalbumin‐positive (PV2) nucleus. The rostral and the caudal portions of the PV1‐CTF consist of axonal endings, which stem from neurons scattered throughout the PV1 nucleus. Topographically, the longitudinal orientation of the PV1‐CTF accords with that of the likewise longitudinally oriented functional modules of the PAG, but overlaps none of them. Minor terminal fields were identified in a crescentic column of the lateral PAG, as well as in the Edinger–Westphal, the lateral habenular, and the laterodorsal tegmental nuclei. So far, no obvious functions have been attributed to this small, circumscribed column ventrolateral to the aqueduct, the prime target of the PV1 nucleus.

J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3133–3153, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.