bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Scapular Retraction Exercise on Shoulder Alignment, Pulmonary Function and Aerobic Capacity in Subjects with Forward Shoulder Posture
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department Of Physiotherapy, Little Flower Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India., Elsa Reethu , John. A Jesmi ,   Student, Department Of Physiotherapy, Little Flower Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India., Shafeeq KP Mohammed ,   Student, Department Of Physiotherapy, Little Flower Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India., Sivani.U. A.  ,   Student, Department Of Physiotherapy, Little Flower Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India., Remya. N  ,   Professor, Department Of Physiotherapy, Little Flower Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India., Unnikrishnan Manju ,   Professor, Department Of Physiotherapy, Little Flower Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India.
Published: August 2021

Background: Forward shoulder posture is identified when the acromion process is most anteriorly positioned when compared with the position of mastoid process, which is characterized by acromion protraction infront of the line of gravity as well as protraction, downward rotation and anterior tilt of scapula. It is one of the common postural abnormality that accounts for 60% of shoulder abnormalities, with an incidence of 75% in the right side and 66% in left side. The study aims to find the effect of scapular retraction exercises on shoulder alignment, pulmonary function and aerobic capacity in subjects with forward shoulder posture. Methods: The study was conducted on 14 subjects with FSP within the age group of 18 to 25. Scapular retraction exercises were given to the subjects for a duration of 3 weeks. Pre and post test values of scapular index, chest expansion, incentive spirometry and six minute walk test was taken. Results: Subjects showed statistically significant differences with a mean difference of 0.7(cm) for scapular index right, 0.68(cm) for scapular index left, 0.59(cm) for upper chest expansion, 1.21(secs) for inspiratory hold time using incentive spirometry and 6.79(m) for aerobic capacity (p<0.05, CI =95%). Pre and post mean scores of scapular index, chest expansion, inspiratory hold time and 6 minute walk test reveals that scapular retraction exercises has a positive impact on improving shoulder alignment, pulmonary function, and aerobic capacity Conclusion: Scapular retraction exercises is effective in improving shoulder alignment, pulmonary function and aerobic capacity in subjects with Forward shoulder posture KEY WORDS: Forward shoulder posture, rounded shoulder, pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, scapular retraction exercises, lung volume.
Correlation between Sleep Quality & Functional Capacity in Hospitalized Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients
Authors:   PG student, School of Physiotherapy, T.N. Medical College & B.Y.L. Nair CH hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Jere Gayathri S , Mistry Hetal M ,   Associate Professor, School of Physiotherapy, T.N. Medical College & B.Y.L. Nair CH hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: August 2021

Background: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is a standard surgical intervention to restore normal blood flow to an obstructed coronary artery. Alterations in sleep patterns are common during recovery after cardiac surgery. Functional Capacity is an important dimension of human functioning, and also a well-documented concern for cardiac surgery patients throughout recovery. Objective: To find the correlation between Sleep Quality and Functional Capacity in Hospitalized Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients. Study Design: cross- sectional, observational, correlation study Method: 40 hospitalized CABG patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were willing to participate. After obtaining the written consent, the participants were administered Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and made to performing 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in the Cardio-Vascular & Thoracic Surgery (CVTS) wards. The time required was 30-40 minutes per participant. Results: Spearman Ranks Correlation was used to find correlation between Sleep Quality and Functional Capacity. It was observed that there is a strong negative correlation between Global Score of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Sleep Quality) and Percent predicted value of 6MWT (Functional Capacity) with a r value of -0.7301 statistically significant with a p value of 0.0001. Higher the Score on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) lower was the Functional Capacity. Conclusion: The results of this study showed strong correlation between Sleep Quality and Functional Capacity. Sleep quality should be considered as one of the important components of cardiac rehabilitation to improve the functional capacity of these patients. KEY WORDS: CABG, Sleep Quality, Functional Capacity.
How Do Physiotherapists Treat People with Knee Osteoarthritis and their evidence awareness: A cross-sectional survey among Indian Physiotherapists
Authors:   BPT 4th Year, Department of Physiotherapy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India., Saha Pranav , Yangchen Tenzin ,   BPT 4th Year, Department of Physiotherapy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India., Sharma Shaili ,   BPT 4th Year, Department of Physiotherapy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India., Kaur Jaspinder ,   BPT 4th Year, Department of Physiotherapy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India., Norboo Tsetan ,   BPT 4th Year, Department of Physiotherapy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India., Suhail Ammar ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
Published: August 2021

Background: Evidence-based practice in the field of physiotherapy is of utmost importance and is the way ahead. Physiotherapists' knowledge of evidence in terms of assessment and management of knee OA may influence the implementation of evidence-based practice. However, physiotherapist’s practice patterns are usually based on their professional experience or expert opinions. The present study aimed to explore the evidence awareness among Indian physiotherapists and identify their practice patterns in patients with knee OA. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among Indian physiotherapists. The survey was designed using current clinical practice guidelines and previously published similar studies. The survey consisted of three sections: (1) demographic details, (2) questions related to evidence awareness, (3) questions related to the practice patterns of Indian physiotherapists. The evidence awareness and practice patterns of physiotherapists were explored. Results: A total of 165 responses were received and analyzed. Most participants perceived footwear modifications (21.2%) and resistance exercises (44.2%) as having very strong evidence. Range of motion assessment and functional assessment was regarded as a must during the patient's initial visit. In terms of management strategies majority of the participants considered patient education (n=122), strengthening exercises (n=81), and therapeutic ultrasound (n=79) as their treatment of choice. Conclusion: Most physiotherapist assessment strategies were aimed at identifying impairments in patients. In line with the clinical practice guidelines, most physiotherapists use patient education and strengthening exercises to treat patients with knee OA. However, treatment modalities like ultrasound, TENS, and dry needling, which lack scientific support, are still being used by the physiotherapist. There is a lack of coherence between physiotherapists' evidence awareness and their choice of management strategies. KEY WORDS: Knee, Osteoarthritis, Survey, Resistance exercises.
Relation of BMI with Balance and Functional Mobility in College Students
Authors:   Orthopaedics student, ASIMSR, Ludhiana, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India., Smriti  , Singh Amandeep ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, ASIMSR, Ludhiana, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
Published: August 2021

Background: Overweight and obesity has been seen as a rising problem in India and around the world commonly in school and college going students at a very young age. The objective of the study is to find the relation of body mass index with balance and functional mobility and to enable the associated professionals to know better the consequences that can be caused by increase in the weight of an individual. Methods: A total of 100 subjects (65 females and 35 males) were randomly recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into 3 groups on the basis of their MI as underweight, normal and overweight. Unilateral leg stand, tandem stand, sit to stand and timed up and go tests were assessed for each participant and the values were recorded. Results: Results show that increase in weight has a positive relation with poor balance and functional mobility in college students. Individuals falling under underweight and normal BMI showed good test results that indicated good balance and mobility than compared to overweight individuals who had poorer results. Conclusion: Increase in body mass index has a positive effect on balance and functional mobility as the population falling under overweight BMI had poorer values for balance and mobility tests as compared to the individuals who had underweight and normal BMI. KEY WORDS: BMI, Balance, Functional mobility, College students.
Definiteness without determiners in German
Authors: Geist Ljudmila
Published: August 2021

The paper investigates conditions for the bare occurrence of noun phrases in the topic position of specificational copula clauses in German. It is shown that this is a predicate position for non-referential NPs. Specificational clauses in German are special because of the unusual alignment of the predicative position with the topic position. I show that the condition for the bare occurrence of NPs in this position is that the head noun denotes a functional concept. According to the theory of concept types by Löbner (2011), nouns denoting functional concepts are relational and unique. I argue that relationality ensures the anchoring of bare NPs in the discourse via an anaphoric link to a bridging antecedent in the previous discourse and qualifies them to be a topic in the sense of discourse-familiarity. The uniqueness of such NPs is the key to understanding why they can occur bare without a definite article: they belong to the type of definite descriptions in which definiteness is based on uniqueness. The article in uniqueness- based DPs encodes uniqueness and indicates morphological case. Since NPs denoting functional concepts are already unique, and as complements of the copula are not assigned case, the article need not be realized.
Learning Island-insensitivity from the input: A corpus analysis of child- and youth-directed text in Norwegian
Authors: Kush Dave , Sant Charlotte , Strætkvern Sunniva Briså
Published: August 2021

Norwegian allows filler-gap dependencies into relative clauses (RCs) and embedded questions (EQs) – domains that are usually considered islands in other languages. We conducted a corpus study on youth-directed reading material to assess what direct evidence Norwegian children receive for filler-gap dependencies into islands. Results suggest that the input contains examples of filler-gap dependencies into both RCs and EQs, but the examples are significantly less frequent than long-distance filler-gap dependencies into non-island clauses. Moreover, evidence for island violations is characterized by the absence of forms that are, in principle, acceptable in the target grammar. Thus, although they encounter dependencies into islands, children must generalize beyond the fine-grained distributional characteristics of the input to acquire the full pattern of island-insensitivity in their target language. We consider how different learning models would fare on acquiring the target generalizations and speculate on how the observed distribution of acceptable filler-gap dependencies reflects the interaction of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic conditions.
Quality of Understanding in Communication among and between Political Parties, Mass Media, and Citizens: An Empirical Study of the 2013 Austrian National Election
Authors: Russmann Uta
Published: August 2021

The study investigates the extent to which political parties, the mass media, and citizens follow qualitative principles demanded by the public sphere concept in political campaign communications. Using the index of a quality of understanding (IQU), it analyses the press releases and Facebook posts of political parties, newspaper articles, and responses by citizens in the form of comments in newspaper forums and on parties’ Facebook pages (N=7,525) during the 2013 Austrian national election. Considering that the quality of understanding of public discourse is measured on a 100-point scale, which serves as a benchmark representing perfect understanding, observed real-world values are often rather low. Austrian political parties scored the highest IQU of 28.35 points, and hence can be described as most closely following the principles of an ideal communication orientation. The quality of understanding is the lowest in everyday political discussion on Facebook, where political parties’ posts have an IQU of 17.97 points. The difference of 10.38 points to the highest achieved value of 28.35 reveals different deliberative communication practices between well-considered and strategically formulated communication in press releases as well as newspaper articles and everyday communication including citizens’ comments on Facebook and newspaper articles, which take different configurations.
The challenges to gender equality in the legal profession in South Africa: A case for substantive equality as a means for achieving gender transformation
Authors: Lasseko-Phooko Matilda , Mahomed Safia
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY South Africa lags behind with regard to an effective framework supporting substantive equality in the legal profession. The structure of the legal profession and the number of women represented in the legal profession do not as yet reflect the diversity of South African society. A number of factors play a role in the skewed representation of female attorneys and advocates in the legal profession. In addition, formal equality cannot translate into gender transformation, as the issues that cause such inequalities extend beyond the scope of attaining sameness. International instruments suggest that special measures be adopted to achieve substantive equality specifically with regard to the role of women in the workplace. This article analyses the current composition of the legal profession from the perspective of gender and race, while promoting the concept of substantive equality as a preferred approach to gender transformation in the legal profession. It considers the theoretical framework for gender equality as a human right in South Africa by examining relevant legislation and international and regional instruments, and analysing the extent to which the Cape Bar maternity policy, as an existing transformation initiative, implemented on the basis of a gender stereotype, encourages substantive gender transformation in the legal profession. Key words: gender equality; human rights; legal profession; substantive equality; formal equality; gender transformation; gender stereotypes
Is the forfeiture of criminally-acquired property in Tanzania compliant with the Constitution?
Authors: Kaniki Abdulrahman OJ
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY Asset recovery, which involves the forfeiture of criminally-acquired property, is considered to be an effective mechanism of addressing serious and organised crime within national boundaries and across international frontiers. This is a paradigm shift from penal law and policy-making bodies of concentrating on persons only to also address their minds to property. The current legal position is that asset recovery in Tanzania is conviction based. This means that forfeiture orders must be preceded by the conviction of an accused. When carried out as expected, the mechanism has an impact of depriving criminals of their ill-gotten wealth, thereby striking them at a point where it hurts most. All this is aimed at ensuring that the convict is denied the enjoyment of the fruits of his criminal acts, serving as a deterrent and an attempt by the state to suppress the conditions that lead to unlawful activities. It disrupts criminal activities and prevents the possibilities of using the proceeds of crime to reinvest in other forms of crime. Tanzania has a legal and institutional framework that deals with the forfeiture of criminally-acquired assets. However, the basic question into which this article enquires is whether this framework is human rights compliant. To respond to this question, the discussion looks at the provisions of the Bill of Rights as entrenched in the country's Constitution in relation to the asset recovery legal regime and inquires whether the latter reflects those constitutional provisions. Despite some limitations that are apparent in the course of enforcing legal provisions on asset recovery, the article concludes that all Tanzanians, including suspects, are treated equally before the law. As such, they are all expected to enjoy the rights and freedoms that are contained in the Constitution. There are avenues through which those who feel aggrieved can pursue their complaints. Key words: forfeiture; illegally-acquired property; concealing profits from crime; Constitution; human rights compliance
Cascading impacts of climate change and the rights of children in Africa: A reflection on the principle of intergenerational equity
Authors: Fambasayi Rongedzayi , Addaney Michael
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY This article explores the manner in which climate action at the African regional level protects and promotes children's rights with considerations being had to the principle of intergenerational equity. It establishes that while the concept of intergenerational equity is entrenched in the international and African regional climate change framework for the protection of children, neither the Convention on the Rights of the Child nor the African Children's Charter mentions the concept. However, CRC and the African Children's Charter oblige states to take into consideration the views of children and protect their best interests in climate action (to ensure intergenerational equity) and in achieving a sustainable future. Using a doctrinal research method, the article examines the regional legal and institutional responses to the cascading impacts of climate change and how they safeguard children's rights to a sustainable future. It proceeds to critically analyse child rights-responsive provisions in the African Children's Charter that could potentially enhance the utility of the principle of intergenerational equity in the context of climate action in Africa. The article argues that the principle of intergenerational equity could, in theory, be used as a useful tool for the protection and promotion of the rights and interests of children from climate change impacts. Key words: children's rights; climate change; climate justice; future generations; intergenerational equity
Evaluating the role of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child in the COVID-19 era: Visualising the African child in 2050
Authors: Nanima Robert Doya
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY Africa has gained much traction in recognising the rights of the child with an emphasis on his or her holistic environments. Three general environments that affect a child are identified: first, a peaceful environment informed by adequately functional institutions that aid the implementation of all laws that improve the position of the child; second, an environment punctuated by emergencies such as armed conflict, public health emergencies or humanitarian situations. The third environment is where a child who has moved from humanitarian situations seeks solace. This may include internally-displaced persons and refugees/asylum seekers. This article evaluates the role of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child as the only regional human rights body that monitors the promotion and protection of the rights of children. The evaluation covers the third environment in the context of the COVID-19 era. It is argued that the current traction by the Committee after the outbreak of the pandemic can be used to improve the position of the child towards the 2050 aspirations. An evaluation of the effects of the pandemic on the child is done followed by a visualisation of the child in 2050. An analysis of the normative, institutional and jurisprudential framework of the Committee in the Covid-19 era follows. A juxtaposition of the use of Agenda 2040 to realise the 2050 visualised child is done. This informs a proposed model that the Committee may adopt, followed by a conclusion and recommendations. Key words: African Children's Committee; African Children's Charter; Agenda 2040; jurisprudence; normative; COVID-19
The African Children's Charter and ending corporal punishment of children in Africa: A work in progress
Authors: Vohito Sonia
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY Corporal punishment is the most common form of violence against children worldwide, including in Africa. Corporal punishment violates children's rights to respect for their human dignity and physical integrity. The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child provides for every child's right to be protected from violence and ill-treatment. The African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child and other human rights bodies consistently examine states on their progress towards prohibiting and eliminating corporal punishment. In the context of the thirtieth anniversary of the African Children's Charter, this article aims to examine the progress made towards the prohibition and elimination of corporal punishment of children in all settings, in Africa. It highlights the challenges and shortcomings in implementing this campaign in Africa. The role of the African Children's Committee in promoting and protecting the human rights imperative to prohibit corporal punishment of children is also examined, especially as regards the legal barriers to end the corporal punishment of children in Africa. Key words: African Children's Charter; children's rights; corporal punishment; Agenda 2040
Barriers to fulfilling reporting obligations in Africa under the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
Authors: Johnson Adetokunbo
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY The state reporting process is one of the important means through which human rights compliance is monitored. Pursuant to article 62 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and article 26(1) of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, state parties are required to provide a detailed report on the human rights situation in their respective countries to the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. The state report should be submitted every two years, and should outline the steps, the progress made, and challenges encountered in realising the rights provided for in the African Women's Protocol. Unfortunately, only a handful ofstates have fulfilled this reporting obligation. Consequently, this article identifies and investigates barriers to fulfilling reporting obligations under the African Women's Protocol. Specifically, it interrogates why some African governments have failed to fulfil their reporting obligations after showing significant commitment by their ratification of this instrument. It is acknowledged that while there might be a myriad of barriers that could be advanced, the article identifies specific barriers to non-reporting on the African Women's Protocol. It concludes with some form of optimism, arguing that the difficulties to fulfilling the reporting obligations on the African Women's Protocol notwithstanding, African governments should be held accountable and made to see the value that could be derived from reporting on human rights compliance. The African Commission's need to take up proactive steps to facilitate increased seriousness to the reporting process itself, which would then encourage and compel state parties to begin to take their reporting obligations seriously and fulfil the obligations therein, is underscored. Finally, to overcome these barriers, recommendations are proffered to critical stakeholders such as the African Commission, African governments and civil society organisations. Key words: African Charter; African Women's Protocol; women's rights; state reporting; African Commission
EWSR1 rearrangement in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is related to classic morphology and the presence of small-cell phenotype
Authors: Kovacevic Bozidar , Caramelo Ana , Skuletic Vesna , Cerovic Snezana , Eloy Catarina
Published: August 2021

The EWSR1 rearrangements with unknown genes were detected in a high percentage of classic variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The small-cell carcinoma of the thyroid with Ewing family tumor elements (CEFTE) typically presents with EWSR1-FLI1 rearrangement suggesting the possible role of EWSR-FLI1 translocation in the loss of thyroid differentiation and acquisition of a small-cell phenotype. In order to determine the frequency and association of EWSR1 rearrangements, particularly the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion with clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (m-PTC) and the presence of small cells, we analyzed a series of 99 m-PTCs using the fluorescence in situ hybridization method.  Ninety cases (90.9%) of m-PTC were positive for small cells. This group of m-PTC has shown more often invasive growth, lymphatics invasion, and moderate/extended intratumoral fibrosis. Three cases out of 99 were inconclusive for EWSR1 rearrangement. Eighty-nine (92.7%) and twenty-seven (28.1%) out of 96 m-PTC cases were positive for EWSR1 rearrangement and EWSR1-FLI1 fusion, respectively. m-PTC with classical architectural pattern presented more frequently with EWSR1 rearrangement relative to m-PTC with other patterns (p = 0.005). Other clinicopathological features were not related to the presence of EWSR1 rearrangement or EWSR1-FLI1 fusion. The percentage of small cells present significantly correlated with the percentage of cells positive for EWSR1-FLI1 fusion (p = 0.05) and EWSR1 rearrangement (p <0.001). EWSR1-FLI1 fusion is not rare in m-PTC and it is associated with the acquisition of small-cell phenotype. The EWSR1 gene rearrangement is a frequent event in m-PTC and is related to the classical pattern of m-PTC.
FAST TRACK KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: COMPARISON OF TWO DIFFERENT MULTIMODAL ANALGESIA METHODS
Authors: YAVUZ İbrahim Alper , ÖKEN Fuad , BAŞKAN Semih , TIRIN Hakan , DİLEK ANDIÇ Kevser , KILCI Oya , YİLDİRİM Ahmet Özgür
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectsof a multimodal protocol in pre-emptive analgesiafollowing Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), usingepidural anesthesia with femoral nerve blockage(FNB) or local infiltration analgesia (LIA) methods infast-track TKA.Material and MethodsThis study was planned as a single-centre,randomized, single-blind, controlled study. The studyincluded 72 voluntary patients, aged 40-80 years,of both genders, who underwent TKA for primary orsecondary osteoarthritis. The patients were dividedinto two groups using a computer randomizationprogram. Group I: FNB application and Group II:LIA methods. Groups were compared in terms offunctional scores.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was determinedbetween the groups in respect of age, gender, height,weight, BMI, ASA, operated side, prosthesis type,and operating time (p>0.05). A statistically significantdifference was determined in the function score valuesbetween the measurement times in both groups(p<0.05). Multiple comparison tests (post-hoc) wereapplied to determine at which time or times there wasa difference. In both groups, the function score valueswere different at all the measurement times, with thepreoperative measurement found to be the lowestand the postoperative 3-month values the highest.ConclusionsOur study show that used multimodal analgesia withfemoral nerve block or local infiltration analgesia canbe applied as effective analgesia methods in fasttrackTKA and can be considered as alternatives foreach other.
Plankton DNA extraction fromSterivex filter units v1
Authors: Vautier Marine , Chardon Cécile , Capelli Camilla , Kurmayer Rainer , Salmaso Nico , Domaizon Isabelle
Published: August 2021

The objective of this protocol is to provide a reliable and replicable method for the DNA extraction of lake micro-plankton to be used for downstream DNA analysis. This protocol is one of those proposed by the Eco-AlpsWater consortium to promote the implementation of High Throughput Sequencing (HT S) of environmental DNA (eDNA) in the biomonitoring and ecological assessment of water bodies. The extraction is performed from samples filtered through Sterivex cartridges (Sterivex™ GP 0.22μm) and stored at -20°C, as described in the protocol dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.xn6fmhe, and with the use of the DNeasy® PowerWater Sterivex Kit (QIAGEN) with specific modifications adapted to plankton DNA extraction. The application proposed here, in the context of EcoAlpsWater, aims at comparing DNA inventories to traditional phytoplanktonic inventories and at characterizing more broadly the micro-planktonic diversity through eDNA analysis (including bacteria). This protocol is part of the deliverables provided by the WP1 of the Eco-AlpsWater project. All members of the EcoAlpsWater consortium (http://www.alpine-space.eu/projects/eco-alpswater/en/home) contributed to the optimization of this protocol.
Use of drugs associated with QT interval prolongation at the hospital level during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia v2
Authors: Machado Alba Jorge
Published: August 2021

Background: Many of the therapeutic proposals for COVID-19 have been associated with adverse effects, including the risk of QT interval prolongation and torsades de pointes (TdP). The objective wasto determine the use of drugs with a risk of QT interval prolongation in 21 clinics/hospitals in Colombia from January to December 2020. Methods: This Cross-sectional study identified drug use according to pharmacological groups with potential risk of QT interval prolongation according to a risk classification: conditional, possible and known risk of TdP. Descriptive analyses were performed. Results: A total of 355,574 patients who received QT-prolonging drugs were identified (equivalent to 51.4% of all inpatients treated during the study period). Of the group of patients on QT drugs, 54.4% used at least one drug with conditional risk, 52.6% with possible risk and 40.3% with known risk. The most commonly used belonged to the group of drugs for the nervous system (63.0%), alimentary tract and metabolism (56.8%), anti-infectives for systemic use (13.0%) and the cardiovascular system (11.7%). On average, patients received 2.0 ± 1.5 risk drugs. Regarding drugs initially considered against COVID-19, 2,120 patients (0.6%) received azithromycin, 802 (0.2%) received chloroquine, 517 received hydroxychloroquine (0.1%) and 265 received lopinavir/ritonavir (0.1%). Conclusion: The high proportion of patients treated at the hospital level who receive drugs with risk of prolonging the QT interval should alert those responsible for their care to avoid fatal outcomes, especially during the COVID-19 epidemic, when some QT drugs are being used more frequently.
Brown’y points for guessing!- A case report of an unusual pigmented corneal plaque.
Authors:   (MBBS, DOMS, DNB), Department of Cornea PBMA’s H V Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Joshi Hema
Published: August 2021

A 54-year-old female presented with complaints of blurring in the right eye since 2 years. A grade 3nuclear sclerosis and a peculiar band-shaped subepithelial brown corneal patch, within the inter-palpebral area was noted. The overlying epithelium was scraped for smears and cultures which cameback negative. The patient underwent uneventful cataract surgery, but returned 2 weeks later withcomplaints of watering and grittiness. Surprisingly a dendritic ulcer was noted within the pigmentedpatch, which responded to topical antivirals and tear substitutes. History of a similar episode, 3years back was elicited upon questioning the patient.
De “objeto” a “sujeto” de creación. Proyectos de visibilización de la mujer en el arte
Authors: Fernández Trillo María
Published: August 2021

El presente estudio se ha llevado a cabo a través de una metodología cualitativa basada en la recopilación de información sobre diferentes proyectos y espacios culturales relacionados con perspectiva de género, capaces de tejer redes de trabajo y sinergias entre los diferentes actores sociales implicados, con el objetivo de dar a conocer algunas contribuciones y proyectos que se están llevando a cabo para desarrollar la inclusión y la igualdad de la sociedad.
Por esto, el artículo presenta una introducción que justifica el estudio, seguida de las referencias a los proyectos encontrados, y un conclusión sobre la situación.
The US gun policy: domestic and external dimensions
Authors: Lymar Marharyta , Tykhonenko Iryna
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to explore proliferation of firearms in the United States due to social problems (mass shootings) and public demand for increasing gun control. Primary challenges cover exploring the U.S. firearms history, which provides a key to understanding the causes of the current situation in this area; reviewing of Americans’ attitudes toward gun ownership; studying the U.S. foreign policy in the context of arms exports from Ukraine to the United States. Moreover, attention is paid to exploring the influence of the National Rifle Association (NRA) on Donald Trump’s decision on arms control and a comparative analysis of his gun policy with the policy of his predecessors.

The methodological basis of the study includes a set of general and special research methods. Systematic approach is used to consider the U.S. gun policy as a complex system with the determinism of domestic and foreign policy levels. A significant role is played by descriptive-historical and chronological methods that allow to examine the evolution of the U.S. legal framework for firearms and small-arms control. The comparative method makes it possible to compare the approaches of George W. Bush’s, Barack Obama’s and Donald Trump’s administrations to the gun policy. The statistical method allows to consider the peculiarities of the U.S. exports of small arms and Ukraine’s exports of such type of weapons to the USA.

The scientific novelty lies in one of the first attempts among Ukrainian authors to make a comprehensive analysis of the interdependence of internal and external aspects of firearms trafficking among the U.S. civilians. In this context, the paper examines the U.S.–Ukrainian relations. The study concludes that the U.S. gun traditions are the main stumbling block for tightening firearms legislation. On the gun issue, the U.S. domestic policy, which is heavily influenced by the NRA, determines the state’s foreign policy. At the same time, society is demanding reforms aimed at restricting the possession of firearms by the civilian population, which may increase the level of domestic security.
POLAND'S ENERGY SECURITY IN THE PROCESS OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Koczan M.
Published: August 2021

The issue of energy security has been present in the literature for several decades. Scientific studies focus mainly on the theoretical aspect of this concept. Many of them also describe and analyse the practical dimension of energy security, such as: international trade in raw materials, safety of transport of raw materials, energy production and transmission systems. For over a dozen years, the awareness of climate change, its causes and effects has been growing. Countries and international organizations are taking action to reduce greenhouse gases. The European Union is one of the world leaders in this process. Poland as a member state is obliged to implement the adopted energy and climate commitments. The electro-energy sector in Poland is based on the combustion of fossil fuels. Reducing a high share of coal in the energy mix is a long and very costly process. The speed and efficiency of this transformation affects the level of energy security in Poland.
KEY TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL REGULATION OF INTELLECTUAL MIGRATION
Authors: Stakanov R. , Savchuk A.
Published: August 2021

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the regulation of intellectual migration and to determine the levels and mechanism of regulation, to study the features of international migration of highly skilled workers. The advantages and disadvantages for donor and recipient countries of intellectual migrants are considered. The main directions and centers of attraction of migrants in the world are analyzed.
The role of the quality control system for diagnostics of oncological diseases in radiomics: a review
Authors: Khoruzhaya Anna N. , Ahkmad Ekaterina S. , Semenov Dmitriy S.
Published: August 2021

Modern medical imaging methods allow for both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of tumors and issues surrounding them. Advances in computer science and big data processing are transforming any radiological study into analytic datasets, especially with the use of machine learning in medical image analysis. Among these datasets, statistically significant correlations with clinical events can then be searched for to subsequently assess their predictive value and ability to predict a particular clinical outcome. This concept, known as radiomics, was first described in 2012. It is particularly important in oncology because each type of tumor can be subdivided into many different molecular genetic subtypes, and simple visual characteristics are no longer sufficient. Moreover, as an absolutely noninvasive method, radiomics can provide a radiologist with additional information that would otherwise be unavailable without a histological examination of biopsy material. However, as with any methodology based on the use of big data, the question of the quality of the initial data becomes critical, because this can directly affect the outcome of the analysis and provide incorrect diagnostic information.
In this literature review, we examine potential approaches to ensuring the quality of research at all stages, from technical control of the state of diagnostic equipment to the extraction of imaging markers in oncology and the calculation of their correlation with clinical data.
Fatigue in radiology: a fertile area for future research
Authors: Taylor-Phillips Sian , Stinton Chris
Published: August 2021

Fatigue in radiologists may be responsible for a large number of medical errors. This review describes the latest research on fatigue in radiology. This includes measurement methods, and recent evidence on how fatigue affects accuracy in laboratory test conditions and in clinical practice. The extensive opportunities for future research in the area are explored, including testing interventions to reduce fatigue-related error, and further understanding of which fatigue measures correlate with errors. Finally we explore the possibility of answering these questions using large population-based observational studies and pragmatic integrated randomised controlled trials.
This publication is the reprint with Russian translation from original: Taylor-Phillips S, Stinton C. Fatigue in radiology: a fertile area for future research. Br J Radiol. 2019;92:20190043. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20190043.
Complex Holocene Fault Ruptures on the Warm Springs Valley Fault in the Northern Walker Lane, Nevada–Northern California
Authors: Chupik Colin , Koehler Richard , Keen-Zebert Amanda
Published: August 2021

The Warm Spring Valley fault is a right-lateral strike-slip fault situated in the northern Walker Lane—a region of distributed deformation that accommodates ~15% of the dextral shear between the North American and the Pacific plates. We assess the Holocene slip history through new mapping for the entire fault and a paleoseismic trenching investigation for the northern section of the fault. The fault is expressed in Holocene deposits for a minimum of 80 km and upward of 96 km, encompassing a wide deformation zone (~0.5–2 km) characterized by short discontinuous fault scarps in young alluvial deposits, stepping and anastomosing fault strands, pop-up features, linear drainages, and sag ponds. Trenching on the northern section of the fault reveals evidence for at least two and possibly three surface-rupturing events since 15.8 ± 1.3 ka, matching the timing of the Seehoo highstand of Lake Lahontan. Earthquakes are broadly constrained between 16.4 and 9.2 ka, a possible event between 9.0 and 6.4 ka, and an event between 3.5 and 0.1 ka, determined based on stratigraphic relationships and radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence geochronology. The ages of all three earthquakes provide a recurrence interval of ~5.5 ± 1.6 ka for the fault. The earthquake timing overlaps with trenching results from the southern section of the fault, suggesting that full-length fault ruptures generating Mw 7.3–7.4 earthquakes are possible. Post-Lake Lahontan sand dunes are faulted in the Honey Lake basin along with pluvial lake deposits next to Honey Lake, providing supportive evidence for one or multiple Holocene earthquakes. Faults range in orientation from 270° to 360° and match the orientations of shears in clay model experiments suggesting that fault ruptures on the Warm Springs Valley fault are complex, similar to complex historical earthquakes, and consistent with youthful fault development in the northern Walker Lane.
Revisiting the Classical Experiment in Earthquake Control at the Rangely Oil Field, Colorado, 1970, Using a Coupled Flow and Geomechanical Model
Authors: Silva Josimar A. , Byrne Hannah , Plesch Andreas , Shaw John H. , Juanes Ruben
Published: August 2021

The injection experiment conducted at the Rangely oil field, Colorado, was a pioneering study that showed qualitatively the correlation between reservoir pressure increases and earthquake occurrence. Here, we revisit this field experiment using a mechanistic approach to investigate why and how the earthquakes occurred. Using data collected from decades of field operations, we build a geological model for the Rangely oil field, perform reservoir simulation to history match pore-pressure variations during the experiment, and perform geomechanical simulations to obtain stresses at the main fault, where the earthquakes were sourced. As a viable model, we hypothesize that pressure diffusion occurred through a system of highly permeable fractures, adjacent to the main fault in the field, connecting the injection wells to the area outside of the injection interval where intense seismic activity occurred. We also find that the main fault in the field is characterized by a friction coefficient μ  ≈  0.7—a value that is in good agreement with the classical laboratory estimates conducted by Byerlee for a variety of rock types. Finally, our modeling results suggest that earthquakes outside of the injection interval were released tectonic stresses and thus should be classified as triggered, whereas earthquakes inside the injection interval were driven mostly by anthropogenic pore-pressure changes and thus should be classified as induced.
Motywy założenia rodziny oraz wychowanie dzieci w opinii mieszkańców województwa podkarpackiego i małopolskiego
Authors: Pokrzywa Magdalena
Published: August 2021

The aim of the article is to describe the motives of having children (starting a family) and the values that the surveyed parents want to teach their children. Efforts were also made to present the similarities and differences in upbringing in the respondents’ family of procreation and origin. The article presents the results of qualitative and quantitative research carried out among the residents of the Podkarpackie and Małopolskie voivodships. The procreative motives of the respondents are related to their perception of having children as a ‘natural order of things,’ as an element of reaching a certain point in life. There are some differences in the motives for having children. Older parents more often emphasized that having children was a social obligation and expectation, the fulfillment of which was a natural consequence of getting married. Younger parents indicated the need to have children in terms of completing their lives, making conscious choices and decisions, and self-fulfillment. The most important values that parents try to convey to their children are honesty, truthfulness, sincerity and respect for others. Some of the interlocutors pointed to the differences in upbringing in the family of origin and procreation. Some of the interviewees pointed to the differences in upbringing in the family of origin and procreation.
Dental Management of a Patient with Pulmonary Atresia and Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Ansari Ghassem , Mansouri Mahsa , Eftekhar Leila
Published: August 2021

Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD) is one of the congenital heart diseases that results in cyanosis, susceptibility to bacterial endocarditis, and increased risk of complications during general anesthesia. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common inherited genetic disorder affecting the red blood cells. We aimed to elaborate the potential dental management for patients with this serious condition. This report presents the single-visit dental treatment of a three-year-old female with PA/VSD, G6PD deficiency and rampant caries. The complexity of dental treatments, high incidence of dental caries, lack of cooperation, and the systemic condition limit treatment options to providing service under general anesthesia and hospitalization. Careful monitoring of oxygen saturation during general anesthesia and antibiotic prophylaxis are essential due to the invasive nature of dental treatments. It appears that single-visit dental management under general anesthesia minimizes the risk of treatment of patients at high risk of bacterial endocarditis.