bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Four Solutions to the Forking Paths Problem: Adjusted Alpha, Preregistration, Sensitivity Analyses, and Abandoning the Neyman-Pearson Approach
Authors: Rubin Mark
Published: December 2017

Gelman and Loken (2013 , 2014 ) proposed that when researchers base their statistical analyses on the idiosyncratic characteristics of a specific sample (e.g., a nonlinear transformation of a variable because it is skewed), they open up alternative analysis paths in potential replications of their study that are based on different samples (i.e., no transformation of the variable because it is not skewed). These alternative analysis paths count as additional (multiple) tests and, consequently, they increase the probability of making a Type I error during hypothesis testing. The present article considers this forking paths problem and evaluates four potential solutions that might be used in psychology and other fields: (a) adjusting the prespecified alpha level, (b) preregistration, (c) sensitivity analyses, and (d) abandoning the Neyman-Pearson approach. It is concluded that although preregistration and sensitivity analyses are effective solutions to p-hacking, they are ineffective against result-neutral forking paths, such as those caused by transforming data. Conversely, although adjusting the alpha level cannot address p-hacking, it can be effective for result-neutral forking paths. Finally, abandoning the Neyman-Pearson approach represents a further solution to the forking paths problem.
MicroRNA-221-3p, a TWIST2 target, promotes cervical cancer metastasis by directly targeting THBS2
Authors: Wei Wen-Fei , Zhou Chen-Fei , Wu Xiang-Guang , He Li-Na , Wu Lan-Fang , Chen Xiao-Jing , Yan Rui-Ming , Zhong Mei , Yu Yan-Hong , Liang Li , Wang Wei
Published: December 2017

MicroRNAs have implicated in the relapse and metastasis of cervical cancer, which is the leading cause of cervical cancer-related mortality. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms need further elucidation. Our present study revealed that miR-221-3p is transcriptionally promoted in metastatic cervical cancer tissues compared with non-metastatic cervical cancer tissues. Forced overexpression of miR-221-3p facilitated EMT and promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro and lymphatic metastasis in vivo. Twist homolog 2 (TWIST2) was found to be a key transcription factor binding to the promoter of miR-221-3p. Inhibitors of miR-221-3p drastically reduced the induction of EMT and decreased cell migration and invasion mediated by TWIST2. By combined computational and experimental approaches, THBS2 was recognized to be an important downstream target gene of miR-221-3p. In cervical cancer tissues, especially with lymphatic metastasis, miR-221-3p and TWIST2 were increased and THBS2 was decreased, suggesting that TWIST2 induces miR-221-3p expression and consequently suppresses its direct target THBS2 in lymphatic metastasis CC. Our findings uncover a mechanistic role for miR-221-3p in lymph node metastasis, suggesting that miR-221-3p is upregulated by the transcription factor TWIST2 and downregulates its target THBS2, which may potentially promote lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer.
Mutant Runx2 regulates amelogenesis and osteogenesis through a miR-185-5p-Dlx2 axis
Authors: Chang Huaiguang , Wang Yue , Liu Haochen , Nan Xu , Wong Singwai , Peng Saihui , Gu Yajuan , Zhao Hongshan , Feng Hailan
Published: December 2017

Regulation of microRNAs (miRNA) has been extensively investigated in diseases; however, little is known about the roles of miRNAs in cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential involvement of miRNAs in CCD. In vitro site-directed mutagenesis was performed to construct three mutant Runx2 expression vectors, which were then transfected into LS8 cells and MC3T3-E1 cells, to determine the impact on amelogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively. miRCURY LNA miRNA microarray identify miR-185-5p as a miRNA target commonly induced by all three Runx2 mutants. Real-time quantitative PCR was applied to determine the expression of miR-185-5p and Dlx2 in samples. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm Dlx2 as a legitimate target of miR-185-5p. The suppressive effect of miR-185-5p on amelogenesis and osteogenesis of miR-185-5p was evaluated by RT-PCR and western blot examination of Amelx, Enam, Klk4, and Mmp20 gene and protein expression, and by Alizarin Red stain. We found that mutant Runx2 suppressed amelogenesis and osteogenesis. miR-185-5p, induced by Runx2, suppressed amelogenesis and osteogenesis. Furthermore, we identified Dlx2 as direct target of miR-185-5p. Consistently, Dlx2 expression was inversely correlated with miR-185-5p levels. This study highlights the molecular etiology and significance of miR-185-5p in CCD, and suggests that targeting miR-185-5p may represent a new therapeutic strategy in prevention or intervention of CCD.
Identifying the ubiquitination targets of E6AP by orthogonal ubiquitin transfer
Authors: Wang Yiyang , Liu Xianpeng , Zhou Li , Duong Duc , Bhuripanyo Karan , Zhao Bo , Zhou Han , Liu Ruochuan , Bi Yingtao , Kiyokawa Hiroaki , Yin Jun
Published: December 2017

E3 ubiquitin (UB) ligases are the ending modules of the E1–E2-E3 cascades that transfer UB to cellular proteins and regulate their biological functions. Identifying the substrates of an E3 holds the key to elucidate its role in cell regulation. Here, we construct an orthogonal UB transfer (OUT) cascade to identify the substrates of E6AP, a HECT E3 also known as Ube3a that is implicated in cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders. We use yeast cell surface display to engineer E6AP to exclusively transfer an affinity-tagged UB variant (xUB) to its substrate proteins. Proteomic identification of xUB-conjugated proteins in HEK293 cells affords 130 potential E6AP targets. Among them, we verify that MAPK1, CDK1, CDK4, PRMT5, β-catenin, and UbxD8 are directly ubiquitinated by E6AP in vitro and in the cell. Our work establishes OUT as an efficient platform to profile E3 substrates and reveal the cellular circuits mediated by the E3 enzymes.
The sigma-1 receptor modulates methamphetamine dysregulation of dopamine neurotransmission
Authors: Sambo Danielle O. , Lin Min , Owens Anthony , Lebowitz Joseph J. , Richardson Ben , Jagnarine Darin A. , Shetty Madhur , Rodriquez Meghan , Alonge Taiwo , Ali Mishaal , Katz Jonathan , Yan Long , Febo Marcelo , Henry L. Keith , Bruijnzeel Adriaan W. , Daws Lynette , Khoshbouei Habibeh
Published: December 2017

Dopamine neurotransmission is highly dysregulated by the psychostimulant methamphetamine, a substrate for the dopamine transporter (DAT). Through interactions with DAT, methamphetamine increases extracellular dopamine levels in the brain, leading to its rewarding and addictive properties. Methamphetamine also interacts with the sigma-1 receptor (σ1R), an inter-organelle signaling modulator. Using complementary strategies, we identified a novel mechanism for σ1R regulation of dopamine neurotransmission in response to methamphetamine. We found that σ1R activation prevents methamphetamine-induced, DAT-mediated increases in firing activity of dopamine neurons. In vitro and in vivo amperometric measurements revealed that σ1R activation decreases methamphetamine-stimulated dopamine efflux without affecting basal dopamine neurotransmission. Consistent with these findings, σ1R activation decreases methamphetamine-induced locomotion, motivated behavior, and enhancement of brain reward function. Notably, we revealed that the σ1R interacts with DAT at or near the plasma membrane and decreases methamphetamine-induced Ca2+ signaling, providing potential mechanisms. Broadly, these data provide evidence for σ1R regulation of dopamine neurotransmission and support the σ1R as a putative target for the treatment of methamphetamine addiction.
Snail determines the therapeutic response to mTOR kinase inhibitors by transcriptional repression of 4E-BP1
Authors: Wang Jun , Ye Qing , Cao Yanan , Guo Yubin , Huang Xiuping , Mi Wenting , Liu Side , Wang Chi , Yang Hsin-Sheng , Zhou Binhua P. , Evers B. Mark , She Qing-Bai
Published: December 2017

Loss of 4E-BP1 expression has been linked to cancer progression and resistance to mTOR inhibitors, but the mechanism underlying 4E-BP1 downregulation in tumors remains unclear. Here we identify Snail as a strong transcriptional repressor of 4E-BP1. We find that 4E-BP1 expression inversely correlates with Snail level in cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. Snail binds to three E-boxes present in the human 4E-BP1 promoter to repress transcription of 4E-BP1. Ectopic expression of Snail in cancer cell lines lacking Snail profoundly represses 4E-BP1 expression, promotes cap-dependent translation in polysomes, and reduces the anti-proliferative effect of mTOR kinase inhibitors. Conversely, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Snail function restores 4E-BP1 expression and sensitizes cancer cells to mTOR kinase inhibitors by enhancing 4E-BP1-mediated translation-repressive effect on cell proliferation and tumor growth. Our study reveals a critical Snail-4E-BP1 signaling axis in tumorigenesis, and provides a rationale for targeting Snail to improve mTOR-targeted therapies.
Dynamic intramolecular regulation of the histone chaperone nucleoplasmin controls histone binding and release
Authors: Warren Christopher , Matsui Tsutomu , Karp Jerome M. , Onikubo Takashi , Cahill Sean , Brenowitz Michael , Cowburn David , Girvin Mark , Shechter David
Published: December 2017

Nucleoplasmin (Npm) is a highly conserved histone chaperone responsible for the maternal storage and zygotic release of histones H2A/H2B. Npm contains a pentameric N-terminal core domain and an intrinsically disordered C-terminal tail domain. Though intrinsically disordered regions are common among histone chaperones, their roles in histone binding and chaperoning remain unclear. Using an NMR-based approach, here we demonstrate that the Xenopus laevis Npm tail domain controls the binding of histones at its largest acidic stretch (A2) via direct competition with both the C-terminal basic stretch and basic nuclear localization signal. NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) structural analyses allowed us to construct models of both the tail domain and the pentameric complex. Functional analyses demonstrate that these competitive intramolecular interactions negatively regulate Npm histone chaperone activity in vitro. Together these data establish a potentially generalizable mechanism of histone chaperone regulation via dynamic and specific intramolecular shielding of histone interaction sites.
Broadband impedance match to two-dimensional materials in the terahertz domain
Authors: Pham Phi H. Q. , Zhang Weidong , Quach Nhi V. , Li Jinfeng , Zhou Weiwei , Scarmardo Dominic , Brown Elliott R. , Burke Peter J.
Published: December 2017

The coupling of an electromagnetic plane wave to a thin conductor depends on the sheet conductance of the material: a poor conductor interacts weakly with the incoming light, allowing the majority of the radiation to pass; a good conductor also does not absorb, reflecting the wave almost entirely. For suspended films, the transition from transmitter to reflector occurs when the sheet resistance is approximately the characteristic impedance of free space (Z0 = 377 Ω). Near this point, the interaction is maximized, and the conductor absorbs strongly. Here we show that monolayer graphene, a tunable conductor, can be electrically modified to reach this transition, thereby achieving the maximum absorptive coupling across a broad range of frequencies in terahertz (THz) band. This property to be transparent or absorbing of an electromagnetic wave based on tunable electronic properties (rather than geometric structure) is expected to have numerous applications in mm wave and THz components and systems.
Whole proteome analysis of human tankyrase knockout cells reveals targets of tankyrase-mediated degradation
Authors: Bhardwaj Amit , Yang Yanling , Ueberheide Beatrix , Smith Susan
Published: December 2017

Tankyrase 1 and 2 are poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases that function in pathways critical to cancer cell growth. Tankyrase-mediated PARylation marks protein targets for proteasomal degradation. Here, we generate human knockout cell lines to examine cell function and interrogate the proteome. We show that either tankyrase 1 or 2 is sufficient to maintain telomere length, but both are required to resolve telomere cohesion and maintain mitotic spindle integrity. Quantitative analysis of the proteome of tankyrase double knockout cells using isobaric tandem mass tags reveals targets of degradation, including antagonists of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (NKD1, NKD2, and HectD1) and three (Notch 1, 2, and 3) of the four Notch receptors. We show that tankyrases are required for Notch2 to exit the plasma membrane and enter the nucleus to activate transcription. Considering that Notch signaling is commonly activated in cancer, tankyrase inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in targeting this pathway.
Hydralazine induces stress resistance and extends C. elegans lifespan by activating the NRF2/SKN-1 signalling pathway
Authors: Dehghan Esmaeil , Zhang Yiqiang , Saremi Bahar , Yadavali Sivaramakrishna , Hakimi Amirmansoor , Dehghani Maryam , Goodarzi Mohammad , Tu Xiaoqin , Robertson Scott , Lin Rueyling , Chudhuri Asish , Mirzaei Hamid
Published: December 2017

Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and itsCaenorhabditiselegansortholog, SKN-1, are transcription factors that have a pivotal role in the oxidative stress response, cellular homeostasis, and organismal lifespan. Similar to other defense systems, the NRF2-mediated stress response is compromised in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report that the FDA approved drug hydralazine is a bona fide activator of the NRF2/SKN-1 signaling pathway. We demonstrate that hydralazine extends healthy lifespan (~25%) in wild type and tauopathy modelC. elegansat least as effectively as other anti-aging compounds, such as curcumin and metformin. We show that hydralazine-mediated lifespan extension is SKN-1 dependent, with a mechanism most likely mimicking calorie restriction. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we go on to demonstrate that hydralazine has neuroprotective properties against endogenous and exogenous stressors. Our data suggest that hydralazine may be a viable candidate for the treatment of age-related disorders.
Mediation of cellular osteogenic differentiation through daily stimulation time based on polypyrrole planar electrodes
Authors: Liu Zongguang , Dong Lingqing , Wang Liming , Wang Xiaozhao , Cheng Kui , Luo Zhongkuan , Weng Wenjian
Published: December 2017

In electrical stimulation (ES), daily stimulation time means the interacting duration with cells per day, and is a vital factor for mediating cellular function. In the present study, the effect of stimulation time on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells was investigated under ES on polypyrrole (Ppy) planar interdigitated electrodes (IDE). The results demonstrated that only a suitable daily stimulation time supported to obviously upregulate the expression of ALP protein and osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, Col-I, Runx2 and OCN), while a short or long daily stimulation time showed no significant outcomes. These might be attributed to the mechanism that an ES induced transient change in intracellular calcium ion concentration, which was responsible for activating calcium ion signaling pathway to enhance cellular osteogenic differentiation. A shorter daily time could lead to insufficient duration for the transient change in intracellular calcium ion concentration, and a longer daily time could give rise to cellular fatigue with no transient change. This work therefore provides new insights into the fundamental understanding of cell responses to ES and will have an impact on further designing materials to mediate cell behaviors.
Author Correction: Anomalous in-plane anisotropic Raman response of monoclinic semimetal 1 T′-MoTe2
Authors: Song Qingjun , Wang Haifeng , Pan Xingchen , Xu Xiaolong , Wang Yilun , Li Yanping , Song Fengqi , Wan Xiangang , Ye Yu , Dai Lun
Published: December 2017

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Brain hubs in lesion models: Predicting functional network topology with lesion patterns in patients
Authors: Yuan Binke , Fang Yuxing , Han Zaizhu , Song Luping , He Yong , Bi Yanchao
Published: December 2017

Various important topological properties of healthy brain connectome have recently been identified. However, the manner in which brain lesion changes the functional network topology is unknown. We examined how critical specific brain areas are in the maintenance of network topology using multivariate support vector regression analysis on brain structural and resting-state functional imaging data in 96 patients with brain damages. Patients’ cortical lesion distribution patterns could significantly predict the functional network topology and a set of regions with significant weights in the prediction models were identified as “lesion hubs”. Intriguingly, we found two different types of lesion hubs, whose lesions associated with changes of network topology towards relatively different directions, being either more integrated (global) or more segregated (local), and correspond to hubs identified in healthy functional network in complex manners. Our results pose further important questions about the potential dynamics of the functional brain network after brain damage.
Recombinant influenza H9N2 virus with a substitution of H3 hemagglutinin transmembrane domain showed enhanced immunogenicity in mice and chicken
Authors: Zhang Yun , Wei Ying , Liu Kang , Huang Mengjiao , Li Ran , Wang Yang , Liu Qiliang , Zheng Jing , Xue Chunyi , Cao Yongchang
Published: December 2017

In recent years, avian influenza virus H9N2 undergoing antigenic drift represents a threat to poultry farming as well as public health. Current vaccines are restricted to inactivated vaccine strains and their related variants. In this study, a recombinant H9N2 (H9N2-TM) strain with a replaced H3 hemagglutinin (HA) transmembrane (TM) domain was generated. Virus assembly and viral protein composition were not affected by the transmembrane domain replacement. Further, the recombinant TM-replaced H9N2-TM virus could provide better inter-clade protection in both mice and chickens against H9N2, suggesting that the H3-TM-replacement could be considered as a strategy to develop efficient subtype-specific H9N2 influenza vaccines.
Reinstatement of contextual conditioned anxiety in virtual reality and the effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in humans
Authors: Genheimer Hannah , Andreatta Marta , Asan Esther , Pauli Paul
Published: December 2017

Since exposure therapy for anxiety disorders incorporates extinction of contextual anxiety, relapses may be due to reinstatement processes. Animal research demonstrated more stable extinction memory and less anxiety relapse due to vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). We report a valid human three-day context conditioning, extinction and return of anxiety protocol, which we used to examine effects of transcutaneous VNS (tVNS). Seventy-five healthy participants received electric stimuli (unconditioned stimuli, US) during acquisition (Day1) when guided through one virtual office (anxiety context, CTX+) but never in another (safety context, CTX−). During extinction (Day2), participants received tVNS, sham, or no stimulation and revisited both contexts without US delivery. On Day3, participants received three USs for reinstatement followed by a test phase. Successful acquisition, i.e. startle potentiation, lower valence, higher arousal, anxiety and contingency ratings in CTX+ versus CTX−, the disappearance of these effects during extinction, and successful reinstatement indicate validity of this paradigm. Interestingly, we found generalized reinstatement in startle responses and differential reinstatement in valence ratings. Altogether, our protocol serves as valid conditioning paradigm. Reinstatement effects indicate different anxiety networks underlying physiological versus verbal responses. However, tVNS did neither affect extinction nor reinstatement, which asks for validation and improvement of the stimulation protocol.
Surface modifications for phase change cooling applications via crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 bio-coatings
Authors: Motezakker Ahmad Reza , Sadaghiani Abdolali Khalili , Akkoc Yunus , Parapari Sorour Semsari , Gözüaçık Devrim , Koşar Ali
Published: December 2017

Due to its high heat removal capability and exploitation of latent heat, boiling is considered to be one of the most effective cooling methods in industry. Surface structure and wettability are two factors imposing boiling phenomena. Here, we propose an effective and facile method for surface enhancement via crenarchaeon Sulfolobus Solfataricus P2 bio-coatings. The positive effects of such surfaces of bio-coatings were assessed, and enhancements in heat transfer and cooling were obtained. Visualization was also performed, and bubble dynamics of generated bubbles and vapor columns from the tested surfaces with bio-coatings are here presented. Superior performance in terms of boiling heat transfer and cooling was reached with the use of crenarchaeon Sulfolobus Solfataricus P2 coated surfaces. Thus, this study clearly demonstrates the potential of futuristic surfaces with bio-coatings to achieve substantial energy saving and efficiency.
Complementation of a mutation in CpSRP43 causing partial truncation of light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna in Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Shin Won-Sub , Lee Bongsoo , Kang Nam Kyu , Kim Young-Uk , Jeong Won-Joong , Kwon Jong-Hee , Jeong Byeong-ryool , Chang Yong Keun
Published: December 2017

Photosynthesis of microalgae enables conversion of light energy into chemical energy to produce biomass and biomaterials. However, the efficiency of this process must be enhanced, and truncation of light-harvesting complex (LHC) has been suggested to improve photosynthetic efficiency. We reported an EMS-induced mutant (E5) showing partially reduced LHC in Chlorella vulgaris. We determined the mutation by sequencing the whole genome of WT and E5. Augustus gene prediction was used for determining CDS, and non-synonymous changes in E5 were screened. Among these, we found a point mutation (T to A) in a gene homologous to chloroplast signal recognition particle 43 kDa (CpSRP43). The point mutation changed the 102nd valine to glutamic acid (V102E) located in the first chromodomain. Phylogenetic analyses of CpSRP43 revealed that this amino acid was valine or isoleucine in microalgae and plants, suggesting important functions. Transformation of E5 with WT CpSRP43 showed varying degrees of complementation, which was demonstrated by partial recovery of the LHCII proteins to the WT level, and partially restored photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic ETR, NPQ, and growth, indicating that the V102E mutation was responsible for the reduced LHC in E5.
Skillful empirical subseasonal prediction of landfalling atmospheric river activity using the Madden–Julian oscillation and quasi-biennial oscillation
Authors: Mundhenk Bryan D. , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Maloney Eric D. , Baggett Cory F.
Published: December 2017

Upon landfall, atmospheric rivers (ARs)—plumes of intense water vapor transport—often trigger weather and hydrologic extremes. Presently, no guidance is available to alert decision makers to anomalous AR activity within the subseasonal time scale (~2–5 weeks). Here, we construct and evaluate an empirical prediction scheme for anomalous AR activity based solely on the initial state of two prominent modes of tropical variability: the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). The MJO—the dominant mode of intraseasonal variability in the tropical troposphere—modulates landfalling AR activity along the west coast of North America by exciting large-scale circulation anomalies over the North Pacific. In light of emerging science regarding the modulation of the MJO by the QBO—the dominant mode of interannual variability in the tropical stratosphere—we demonstrate that the MJO–AR relationship is further influenced by the QBO. Evaluating the prediction scheme over 36 boreal winter seasons, we find skillful subseasonal “forecasts of opportunity” when knowledge of the MJO and the QBO can be leveraged to predict periods of increased or decreased AR activity. Certain MJO and QBO phase combinations provide empirical subseasonal predictive skill for anomalous AR activity that exceeds that of a state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction model. Given the wide-ranging impacts associated with landfalling ARs, even modest gains in the subseasonal prediction of anomalous AR activity may support decision making and benefit numerous sectors of society.
The effect of ordered and partially ordered surface topography on bone cell responses: a review
Authors: Gui N. , Xu W. , Myers D. E. , Shukla R. , Tang H. P. , Qian M.
Published: December 2017

Current understanding of the role of ordered and partially ordered surface topography in bone cell responses for bone implant design.
Organic matter identifies the nano-mechanical properties of native soil aggregates
Authors: Gazze S. A. , Hallin I. , Quinn G. , Dudley E. , Matthews G. P. , Rees P. , van Keulen G. , Doerr S. H. , Francis L. W.
Published: December 2017

Variations at the nanoscale in soil and organic matter distribution are critical to understanding the factors involved in soil composition and turnover. Atomic Force Microscopy describes soil physical and topographical properties at the nanoscale, and thus represents an important tool in soil nanoscience.
Phase controllable fabrication of zinc cobalt sulfide hollow polyhedra as high-performance electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Bowei , Yang Guang , Li Chaojiang , Huang Kang , Wu Junsheng , Hao Shiji , Feng Jianyong , Peng Dongdong , Huang Yizhong
Published: December 2017

Zn–Co–S hollow/porous polyhedrons with controllable phases were fabricatedviasolvent-based sulfidation at room temperature followed by thermal annealing, which exhibit an excellent electrocatalytic HER activity.
Thermoplasmonic dissipation in gold nanoparticle–polyvinylpyrrolidone thin films
Authors: Howard Tyler V. , Dunklin Jeremy R. , Forcherio Gregory T. , Roper D. Keith
Published: December 2017

Dissipated heat was consistent with power extinguished by absorbing nanoparticles dispersed into thin polymer films at subwavelength intervals. Measurements mirroreda priorisimulation of optical and thermal responses. Components of heating and absorption were identified.
Novel type ketone-substituted metallophthalocyanines: synthesis, spectral, structural, computational and anticancer studies
Authors: Hepokur Ceylan , Günsel Armağan , Yarasir M. Nilüfer , Bilgiçli Ahmet T. , Tüzün Burak , Tüzün Gamze , Yaylim İlhan
Published: December 2017

This work reports on the synthesis and characterization of phthalocyanines (M = Cu(ii) (2), Zn(ii) (3) In(iii) (4) and Co(ii) (5)) peripherally tetra-substituted with 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one.
In situsynthesis of sub-nanometer metal particles on hierarchically porous metal–organic frameworksviainterfacial control for highly efficient catalysis
Authors: Zhang Pei , Chen Chunjun , Kang Xinchen , Zhang Lujun , Wu Congyi , Zhang Jianling , Han Buxing
Published: December 2017

Sub-nanometer metal particle/hierarchically mesoporous metal–organic framework composites can be synthesizedin situin bio-based surfactant emulsion.
Preparation of mixed-ion and inorganic perovskite films using water and isopropanol as solvents for solar cell applications
Authors: Sveinbjörnsson Kári , Kyi Thein Nan Kyi , Saki Zahra , Svanström Sebastian , Yang Wenxing , Cappel Ute B. , Rensmo Håkan , Boschloo Gerrit , Aitola Kerttu , Johansson Erik M. J.
Published: December 2017

CsyFA1−yPb(IxBr1−x)3perovskite solar cells were prepared using non-hazardous solvents and metallic nitrate precursor films for the material synthesis.
Hollow POM@MOF hybrid-derived porous Co3O4/CoMoO4 nanocages for enhanced electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Zhang Linjie , Mi Taoqing , Ziaee Muhammad Asad , Liang Linfeng , Wang Ruihu
Published: December 2017

Co3O4/CoMoO4 nanocages with an ultrafine crystallite size and high surface area derived from hollow H3PMo12O40@ZIF-67 hybrids exhibit high-performance for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution.
Enhanced power-conversion efficiency in organic solar cells incorporating copolymeric phase-separation modulators
Authors: Sartorio C. , Campisciano V. , Chiappara C. , Cataldo S. , Scopelliti M. , Gruttadauria M. , Giacalone F. , Pignataro B.
Published: December 2017

Fullerene–oligothiophene copolymers acting as donor/acceptor segregation modulators improve the device efficiency, giving the highest values for P3HT:PCBM plastic solar cells.
Tailoring the surface chemistry and morphology of glass fiber membranes for robust oil/water separation using poly(dimethylsiloxanes) as hydrophobic molecular binders
Authors: Zhou Xin , He Chaobin
Published: December 2017

The attractive interactions between poly(dimethylsiloxane) and glass fibers are utilized to fabricate membranes with desirable surface chemistry and roughness for oil/water separation.
Tailoring biomass-derived carbon for high-performance supercapacitors from controllably cultivated algae microspheres
Authors: Zhu Bingjun , Liu Bin , Qu Chong , Zhang Hao , Guo Wenhan , Liang Zibin , Chen Feng , Zou Ruqiang
Published: December 2017

A high-performance “green” carbon-based supercapacitor electrode material is synthesized from selected algae microspheres, which are grown under controlled cultivation conditions.
Improved cell adhesion and osteogenesis using a PLTGA (poly l-lactide, 1,3-trimethylene carbonate, and glycolide) terpolymer by gelatin-assisted hydroxyapatite immobilization for bone regeneration
Authors: Chen Qian , Cao Lu , Wang Jie-Lin , Zhao Hang , Lin Hong , Fan Zhong-Yong , Dong Jian
Published: December 2017

Schematic illustration of the procedures for preparing the GEL/HAP-coated PLTGA film, and representative images of the improved cellular behaviors.
Superexchange-mediated negative thermal expansion in Nd-doped BiFeO3
Authors: Kavanagh Christopher M. , Lightfoot Philip , Morrison Finlay D.
Published: December 2017

Bi0.7Nd0.3FeO3 is a Gz-type antiferromagnet (space group Pn′ma′); competition between geometric effects and magnetic superexchange results negative thermal expansion below 200 K.
Distributed adaptive consensus protocols for linear multi‐agent systems over directed graphs with relative output information
Authors: Lv Yuezu , Li Zhongkui , Duan Zhisheng
Published: December 2017

This study is concerned with the fully distributed output feedback consensus protocol design problem for multi‐agent systems with general linear dynamics over directed graphs. The authors propose new distributed observer‐based adaptive consensus protocols to achieve consensus for strongly connected directed graphs or leader–follower graphs. Different from the existing adaptive output feedback consensus protocols, which either depend on the absolute output information of each agent and its neighbours or are not fully distributed, the protocols designed in this study relying on only relative output information of neighbouring agents, can be implemented in a fully distributed way.
Auxiliary‐function‐based double integral inequality approach to stability analysis of load frequency control systems with interval time‐varying delay
Authors: Yang Feisheng , He Jing , Wang Jing , Wang Minghui
Published: December 2017

A new approach is presented for the stability problem of one‐area and multi‐area load frequency control (LFC) scheme with time delays in this study. Novel stability criteria with delay dependency in terms of linear matrix inequalities for LFC systems are derived by an augmented Lyapunov–Krasovski functional with triple integral terms. The LFC design takes the interval time‐varying communication delays into account and the load disturbance is mathematically modelled as a norm‐bounded non‐linear function. This study suggests a new class of inequality for double integral of quadratic functions via intermediate auxiliary functions, which produce more tighter bounds than what Wirtinger's double integral inequality produces. Case studies are carried out to illustrate the validity of the proposed delay‐dependent proportional–integral‐based output feedback design method.
Investigating SSO risks of large‐scale photovoltaic generation with the series compensated transmission lines
Authors: Tang Haiyan , Lu Guofei , Yu Xiao , Chi Yongning , Li Yan , Chen Wuhui
Published: December 2017

With the increasing of photovoltaic (PV) installed capacity, large‐scaled development of PV and centralized grid connection has become an important form of solar energy resources utilization. The series compensated transmission lines could enhance the long‐distance transmission capacity of large‐scale PV plants. Some PV plants in China are planned to adopt this technology. However, series capacitor compensation transmission lines are one of important sources of sub‐synchronous oscillation (SSO). This SSO risk is a potential threat for the operation of PV plants and the stability of the utility grid. It is urgent to investigate the SSO risk of large‐scale PV generation with the series compensated transmission lines. This study first developed a dynamic model of large‐scale PV generation connected to the utility grid with series compensated lines on PSCAD platform. The PV dynamic model is built with detailed circuits of the power converter. Using the proposed model, the interaction of PV inverter control parameters, reactive power compensation device and the series compensation degree is investigated in detail. Then, the dominant parameters that affect the SSO are identified. From the results above, the SSO damping expression is deduced to reveal the SSO performance of large‐scale PV generation with series compensated transmission lines.
Research on maximum allowable capacity of distributed generation in distributed network under global energy internet considering static voltage stability
Authors: Hu Lijuan , Liu Ke‐Yan , Sheng Wanxing , Diao Yinglong , Jia Dongli
Published: December 2017

Due to the characteristics of distribution energy such as randomness, volatility and dispersion, the future distribution network will become an intelligent bidirectional power flow distribution system. In addition, the high penetration of distributed generation (DG) will affect the power quality and voltage stability of distribution network. Focused on the impact of distributed energy insert on static voltage stability of distribution network, the maximum allowable capacity of distribution generation for distribution network considering static voltage stability has been been analysed. Firstly, the structure of the future distribution network is analysed, and the calculation model of power flow is established. Then, based on the continuation power flow method, the penetration of distributed energy when the distribution network is in the critical state of the static voltage stability is evaluated. Moreover, the result is used as one indicator of the maximum allowable capacity of DG in distributed network. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated with a typical system. The simulation results show that, with the reasonable configuration of the distribution network, the allowable capacity of DG in distribution network can be improved and energy resources can be optimally dispatched and shared over a wide area.
Unidentified emission features in the R Coronae Borealis star V854 Centauri
Authors: Oostrum L. C. , Ochsendorf B. B. , Kaper L. , Tielens A. G. G. M.
Published: December 2017

During its 2012 decline, the R Coronae Borealis star (RCB) V854 Cen was spectroscopically monitored with X-shooter on the ESO Very Large Telescope. The obscured optical and near-infrared spectrum exhibits many narrow and several broad emission features, as previously observed. The envelope is spatially resolved along the slit and allows for a detailed study of the circumstellar material. In this Letter, we report on the properties of a number of unidentified visual emission features (UFs), including the detection of a new feature at 8692 Å. These UFs have been observed in the Red Rectangle (RR), but their chemical and physical nature is still a mystery. The previously known UFs behave similarly in the RR and in V854 Cen, but are not detected in six other observed RCBs. Some hydrogen might be required for the formation of their carrier(s). The λ8692 UF is present in all RCBs. Its carrier is likely of a carbonaceous molecular nature, presumably different from that of the other UFs.
The nature of the giant exomoon candidate Kepler-1625 b-i
Authors: Heller René
Published: December 2017

The recent announcement of a Neptune-sized exomoon candidate around the transiting Jupiter-sized object Kepler-1625 b could indicate the presence of a hitherto unknown kind of gas giant moon, if confirmed. Three transits of Kepler-1625 b have been observed, allowing estimates of the radii of both objects. Mass estimates, however, have not been backed up by radial velocity measurements of the host star. Here we investigate possible mass regimes of the transiting system that could produce the observed signatures and study them in the context of moon formation in the solar system, i.e., via impacts, capture, or in-situ accretion. The radius of Kepler-1625 b suggests it could be anything from a gas giant planet somewhat more massive than Saturn (0.4 MJup) to a brown dwarf (BD; up to 75 MJup) or even a very-low-mass star (VLMS; MJup ≈ 0.11 M⊙). The proposed companion would certainly have a planetary mass. Possible extreme scenarios range from a highly inflated Earth-mass gas satellite to an atmosphere-free water–rock companion of about 180 M⊕. Furthermore, the planet–moon dynamics during the transits suggest a total system mass of 17.6−12.6+19.2 MJup. A Neptune-mass exomoon around a giant planet or low-mass BD would not be compatible with the common mass scaling relation of the solar system moons about gas giants. The case of a mini-Neptune around a high-mass BD or a VLMS, however, would be located in a similar region of the satellite-to-host mass ratio diagram as Proxima b, the TRAPPIST-1 system, and LHS 1140 b. The capture of a Neptune-mass object around a 10 MJup planet during a close binary encounter is possible in principle. The ejected object, however, would have had to be a super-Earth object, raising further questions of how such a system could have formed. In summary, this exomoon candidate is barely compatible with established moon formation theories. If it can be validated as orbiting a super-Jovian planet, then it would pose an exquisite riddle for formation theorists to solve.
Recent Advances in Direct C–H Functionalization of Pyrimidines
Authors: Verbitskiy Egor , Rusinov Gennady , Chupakhin Oleg , Charushin Valery
Published: December 2017

Data spanning the period 2000–2017 on the direct C–H functionalization of pyrimidines are collected and discussed in this review. This demonstrates the surge of interest and creativity that this field of chemistry has experienced during the last two decades. Plausible applications of highly functionalized pyrimidines are also discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization of Pyrimidine Derivatives

3 Transition-Metal-Free Direct C–H Functionalization of Pyrimidine Derivatives

4 Deprotonative Metalation of Pyrimidine Derivatives

5 Conclusions
Symptomatic Fluid Drainage: Peritoneovenous Shunt Placement
Authors: Getrajdman George , Yarmohammadi Hooman
Published: December 2017

Ascites causes significant discomfort and has negative impact on patient's quality of life. Medical therapies including dietary restriction and diuretics are successful in only 40 to 44% of patients with malignant ascites and repeated paracentesis only provides temporary symptomatic relief. Therefore, a more permanent solution is necessary. Indwelling catheters or peritoneovenous shunt placement can provide more permanent symptomatic relief and improve patients' quality of life. Unlike indwelling catheters, peritoneovenous shunts do not limit patients' life style and therefore should be offered as first option in patients who are good candidates. Denver shunt (CareFusion-BD Worldwide) is the current available peritoneovenous shunt. In this article, the indications, contraindications, technical aspects of shunt placement, and techniques to prevent postprocedure complications will be discussed.
Accuracy of Coronal Plane Mechanical Alignment in a Customized, Individually Made Total Knee Replacement with Patient-Specific Instrumentation
Authors: Levengood Gary , Dupee Jack
Published: December 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a customized individually made total knee implant used in conjunction with patient-specific cutting guides in restoring coronal plane mechanical axis alignment using computer-assisted surgery (CAS). A consecutive series of 63 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients were prospectively measured with intraoperative CAS. The patient-specific instruments and implants were created utilizing a preoperative CT scan. CAS system was used for all patients, to determine mechanical alignment. Bone cuts were made using the patient-specific instruments. Both bone cuts and final coronal mechanical alignment were recorded utilizing the navigation system for the assessment.

The patient-specific instruments and implants provided perfect neutral coronal mechanical alignment (0°) in 53 patients. The remaining 10 patients had a postoperative alignment within ± 2° of neutral. The average preoperative deformity was 5.57° versus 0.18° postoperatively (p < 0.0001). The mean correction angle was 5.68°. No patients had postoperative extension deficits as measured with CAS (7.50° pre-op for 40/63 patients). Customized, individually made total knee implant with patient-specific cutting jigs showed results that are comparable to those of CAS systems in this study. This technology restores the neutral coronal mechanical axis very accurately, while offering unique benefits such as improved implant fit and restoration of the patient's J-curves, which require further investigation.
Does Early Artificial Rupture of Membranes Speed Labor in Preterm Inductions?
Authors: Kuper Spencer , Jauk Victoria , Baalbaki Sima , Tita Alan , Harper Lorie , Parrish Melissa
Published: December 2017

Objective In full-term patients, early artificial rupture of membranes (AROMs) decreases time in labor. We assessed the impact of early AROM in preterm patients undergoing indicated induction of labor.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients undergoing indicated preterm induction (23–34 weeks) at a single tertiary care center from 2011 to 2014. Early AROM was defined as <4 cm and late AROM was defined as ≥4 cm. The primary outcomes evaluated were cesarean delivery and time in labor. Secondary outcomes were chorioamnionitis and a composite of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes.

Results Of the 149 women included, 65 (43.6%) had early AROM. Early AROM was associated with an increased time from the start of induction to delivery (25.7 ± 13.0 vs. 19.0 ± 10.3 hours, p < 0.01) and with an increase in the risk of cesarean (53.4 vs. 22.6%, adjusted odds ratio: 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.60–7.74). Early AROM was not associated with an increased risk of chorioamnionitis or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes.

Conclusion In this observational cohort, early AROM was associated with an increased risk of cesarean. A randomized controlled trial is necessary to determine the optimal timing of AROM in preterm patients requiring delivery.
Die Röntgenologie im Licht der Evolutionären Erkenntnistheorie
Authors: Gelinsky Paul
Published: December 2017

An X-ray photograph is not adapted to the human a priori intuition: it is not colored, it is two-dimensional, has no depth and no perspective. A radiograph is composed by about 100 gradations of grey, of which the human eye cannot resolve more than 30. Projection radiography has a cardinal problem: the superposition of normal and pathological structures. Apart from visual physiology, visual psychology plays an essential role in diagnosis: expectation and stereotyped thinking influence the interpretation of visual perception. X-ray findings are to be compared with anamnesis, laboratory values, clinical data and always with good judgement – this was already known in 1913. Plato sketched a cave analogy that describes the difficulties of interpreting „shadows“ – with very interesting parallels to radiology.
Veränderung motorischer Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit im Verlauf einer stationären psychosomatischen Rehabilitationsmaßnahme
Authors: Grub ElisabethJohanna , Wydra Georg , Käfer Michael , Köllner Volker
Published: December 2017

Ziel der Studie Sowohl die körperliche Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit als auch das Gefühl, seelisch standfest und im Gleichgewicht zu sein, ist für viele Rehabilitanden eine Voraussetzung für die Teilhabe am Erwerbsleben und an der Gesellschaft. Bisher gibt es keine Befunde, ob sich die Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit im Rahmen der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation verbessern lässt. Ziel unserer explorativ angelegten Studie war es, Veränderungen in der motorischen Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit im Verlauf einer stationären psychosomatischen Rehabilitationsmaßnahme zu erfassen und diese in Bezug zu Veränderungen psychischer Variablen zu setzen.

Methodik 118 Patienten einer psychosomatischen Klinik (49,3±8,6 Jahre; 75,4% Frauen) wurden zu Beginn und am Ende ihres Aufenthaltes untersucht. Zur Messung des Gleichgewichts wurden der Gleichgewichtstest (GGT) von Bös, Wydra und Karisch eingesetzt, der Timed up and go Test (TUG), 8 Standaufgaben auf instabiler Unterlage sowie 8 Standaufgaben auf festem Untergrund. Als psychische Variablen wurden die Selbstwertschätzung des Patienten (MSWS), depressive Symptome (BDI-II) und Angstsymptome (BAI) erhoben.

Ergebnisse Die Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit, gemessen über den GGT (d=1,37, den TUG (d=0,56) und Standaufgaben auf instabiler (d=1,48) sowie stabiler Unterlage (d=0,67), stieg im Verlauf der Rehabilitation signifikant an. Ähnliche Ergebnisse mit Effektstärken im hohen bis mittleren Bereich zeigten sich bei den psychischen Variablen. Zusammenhänge in der Veränderung der motorischen und psychischen Variablen zeigten sich nur bei den Standaufgaben auf instabilem und festem Untergrund und verschiedenen Skalen der MSWS, nicht aber bei den Symptomskalen.

Diskussion Im Verlauf der Rehabilitation kam es zwar zu einer Verbesserung sowohl der psychischen Symptombelastung als auch der Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit; zwischen beiden fanden sich jedoch wider Erwarten keine signifikanten Korrelationen. Dies lässt zunächst darauf schließen, dass kein Zusammenhang zwischen psychischen Faktoren und der Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit der Patienten besteht. Allerdings ist zu berücksichtigen, dass das Gleichgewicht in einer standardisierten Situation überprüft wurde, in der die Patienten keiner besonderen psychischen Belastung ausgesetzt waren. Beobachtungen während der Durchführung der Studie legen nahe, dass sich Veränderungen hinsichtlich der motorischen Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit eher in Merkmalen der Gleichgewichtsregulation (z. B. Anspannung und Entspannung) widerspiegeln als in der Zahl der erfüllten Aufgaben. Die Gleichgewichtstests wurden von den Rehabilitanden nicht nur sehr gut akzeptiert, sondern lösten häufig auch Selbstreflexionsprozesse zu Themen wie Gleichgewicht und Standfestigkeit im psychosomatischen Sinne aus. Weitere Forschung sowohl zu den Wirkfaktoren auf die Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit als auch zu deren Zusammenhang mit der Verbesserung in Aktivität und Teilhabe erscheint vielversprechend.