bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Governance Dinas Sosial Provinsi Riau dalam Menangani Penyandang Masalah Kesejahteraan Sosial (PMKS)
Authors: Wanti Anggrain Nadiya , Mashur Dadang
Published: February 2023

Abandoned Children are one of the most widely handled types of People with Social Welfare Problems in Riau Province. From year to year the population of abandoned children in Riau Province is increasing marked by the number of children who drop out of school, children who do not have parents, and children who are discarded by their parentS. Therefore, there is a collaboration from related agencies to deal with the high population of displaced children in Riau Province. In the collaboration process, there are still some obstacles that make the handling of abandoned children not run optimally. This research aims to find out collaborative governance by the Riau Provincial Social Service in dealing with the high population of displaced children. The concept of theory that researchers use is collaborative governance theory by Ansell and Gash with five indicators, namely face to face dialogue, trust building, commitment to process, share understanding, intermediate outcome. Research uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques based on interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the research found are collaborative governance has been implemented but not optimally, because on three indicators, namely the faSce to face dialogue indicator, trust building, and commitement to process that has not been fully implemented between the Riau Provincial Social Service and other stakeholders. Other obstacles faced in this collaboration process are the lack of quality and quantity of social workers, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and the lack of budget allocation in dealing with displaced children
Transmídia na enfermagem pediátrica para orientações aos familiares no enfrentamento da COVID-19: relato de experiência
Authors: Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Nunes Nátale Gabriele Ferreira , Borges Joyce de Oliveira , Souza Andressa Neto , Soares Iasmym Alves de Andrade , Lucchese Ingrid
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: descrever a experiência da transmídia na enfermagem pediátrica para orientações aos familiares sobre os cuidados aos recém-nascidos e às crianças no enfrentamento da covid-19. Método: relato de experiência sistematizado em cinco tempos (ponto de partida, perguntas iniciais, recuperação do processo vivido, reflexão de fundo e pontos de chegada), oriundo de um projeto de iniciação tecnológica, com dados do período de agosto 2021/junho 2022, sobre a publicação de conteúdos transmidiáticos, referentes aos cuidados na infância em tempos de covid-19, tendo como público-alvo os familiares de recém-nascidos e crianças. Resultados: conteúdos foram criados e publicados em diversas mídias sociais (Instagram, Facebook, Spotify, Youtube e WhatsApp), permitindo durante a pandemia, o compartilhamento, de forma convergente, de orientações científicas fidedignas e confiáveis. Conclusão: a transmídia na enfermagem pediátrica mostrou-se inovadora, dinâmica e proveitosa, além de baixo custo e grande potencial de abrangência.
Random Forest of Interaction Trees for Estimating Individualized Treatment Regimes with Ordered Treatment Levels in Observational Studies
Authors: Thorp Justin , Levine Richard A. , Li Luo , Fan Juanjuan
Published: February 2023

Traditional methods for evaluating a potential treatment have focused on the average treatment effect. However, there exist situations where individuals can experience significantly heterogeneous responses to a treatment. In these situations, one needs to account for the differences among individuals when estimating the treatment effect. Li et al. (2022) proposed a method based on random forest of interaction trees (RFIT) for a binary or categorical treatment variable, while incorporating the propensity score in the construction of random forest. Motivated by the need to evaluate the effect of tutoring sessions at a Math and Stat Learning Center (MSLC), we extend their approach to an ordinal treatment variable. Our approach improves upon RFIT for multiple treatments by incorporating the ordered structure of the treatment variable into the tree growing process. To illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we conduct simulation studies where the results show that our proposed method has a lower mean squared error and higher optimal treatment classification, and is able to identify the most important variables that impact the treatment effect. We then apply the proposed method to estimate how the number of visits to the MSLC impacts an individual student’s probability of passing an introductory statistics course. Our results show that every student is recommended to go to the MSLC at least once and some can drastically improve their chance of passing the course by going the optimal number of times suggested by our analysis.
Vilces elektromehānisko iekārtu dinamikas, stiprības un tehniskā stāvokļa novērtējuma pētījums
Authors:   , Marinbahs Marks
Published: February 2023

Vilces motorreduktora bloki ir neatkarīga un sarežģīta sistēma, jo procesiem, kas tajā notiek, ir atšķirīgs fizikālais raksturs. Tāpēc, lai novērtētu elektromehānisko iekārtu mehānisko un elektrisko elementu tehnisko stāvokli, kā arī kontrolētu to tehnisko stāvokli, nododot iekārtu ekspluatācijā, vēlams veikt visaptverošas pārbaudes. Mehānisko un elektromehānisko mezglu atsevišķu testēšanas metožu galvenais trūkums ir tas, ka tajās netiek ņemta vērā vilces piedziņas elementu, jo īpaši dzinēja un reduktora, kopējās darbības savstarpējā saikne un atkarība. Promocijas darbā piedāvāta savstarpējās ietekmes noteikšanas metode.
Pallidal neuromodulation of the explore/exploit trade-off in decision-making
Authors: de A Marcelino Ana Luisa , Gray Owen , Al-Fatly Bassam , Gilmour William , Douglas Steele J , Kühn Andrea A , Gilbertson Tom
Published: February 2023

Every decision that we make involves a conflict between exploiting our current knowledge of an action’s value or exploring alternative courses of action that might lead to a better, or worse outcome. The sub-cortical nuclei that make up the basal ganglia have been proposed as a neural circuit that may contribute to resolving this explore-exploit ‘dilemma’. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of neuromodulating the basal ganglia’s output nucleus, the globus pallidus interna, in patients who had undergone deep brain stimulation (DBS) for isolated dystonia. Neuromodulation enhanced the number of exploratory choices to the lower value option in a two-armed bandit probabilistic reversal-learning task. Enhanced exploration was explained by a reduction in the rate of evidence accumulation (drift rate) in a reinforcement learning drift diffusion model. We estimated the functional connectivity profile between the stimulating DBS electrode and the rest of the brain using a normative functional connectome derived from heathy controls. Variation in the extent of neuromodulation induced exploration between patients was associated with functional connectivity from the stimulation electrode site to a distributed brain functional network. We conclude that the basal ganglia’s output nucleus, the globus pallidus interna, can adaptively modify decision choice when faced with the dilemma to explore or exploit.
Smoking, alcohol consumption, and 24 gastrointestinal diseases: Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Chen Jie , Ruan Xixian , Sun Yuhao , Zhang Ke , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Xue , Gill Dipender , Burgess Stephen , Giovannucci Edward , Larsson Susanna C
Published: February 2023

Background:

Whether the positive associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with gastrointestinal diseases are causal is uncertain. We conducted this Mendelian randomization (MR) to comprehensively examine associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with common gastrointestinal diseases.

Methods:

Genetic variants associated with smoking initiation and alcohol consumption at the genome-wide significance level were selected as instrumental variables. Genetic associations with 24 gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank, FinnGen study, and other large consortia. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were conducted to estimate the overall and independent MR associations after mutual adjustment for genetic liability to smoking and alcohol consumption.

Results:

Genetic predisposition to smoking initiation was associated with increased risk of 20 of 24 gastrointestinal diseases, including 7 upper gastrointestinal diseases (gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal cancer, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, and gastric cancer), 4 lower gastrointestinal diseases (irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis), 8 hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and acute and chronic pancreatitis), and acute appendicitis. Fifteen out of 20 associations persisted after adjusting for genetically predicted alcohol consumption. Genetically predicted higher alcohol consumption was associated with increased risk of duodenal ulcer, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, and chronic pancreatitis; however, the association for duodenal ulcer did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for genetic predisposition to smoking initiation.

Conclusions:

This study provides MR evidence supporting causal associations of smoking with a broad range of gastrointestinal diseases, whereas alcohol consumption was associated with only a few gastrointestinal diseases.

Funding:

The Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Zhejiang Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Key Project of Research and Development Plan of Hunan Province; the Swedish Heart Lung Foundation; the Swedish Research Council; the Swedish Cancer Society.
How the liver keeps itself in shape
Authors: May Stephanie , Bird Thomas G
Published: February 2023

After fasting, hepatocytes proliferate to help the liver grow back to its original size.
Three-dimensional quantitative analysis of temporal region morphology in Chinese young adult
Authors: Wu Yumeng , Zeng Chongmai , Feng Duanyu , Chen Zhilong , Fu Qian , Liao Wen
Published: February 2023

Background

Temporal filling is commonly used to correct temporal depression. However, there is a lack of quantitative criteria for pre- and post-operative evaluations. The use of three-dimensional scanning may help improving the success of temporal filling by providing quantitative assessments. The study aimed to compare the results of qualitative morphological evaluation of the temporal region with a quantitative, numerical analysis of the temporal difference value (TDV).

Methods

We enrolled twenty-six male and forty-nine female volunteers aged 18 to 29 years. Facial images were acquired in OBJ format using 3dMD facial stereo-photography. The morphologies of the temporal regions were separately evaluated by four researchers in the form of two-dimensional (2D) images. Results were classified as either aesthetic or unaesthetic. The quantitative evaluation of the temporal region was then conducted. First, the temporal region was trimmed out from the original 3D image into a new OBJ file. Second, interpolation was used to construct a smooth, adapted surface. Third, a mathematical model of temporal region flatness denoted as the TDV, which was defined as the sum of the Euclidean distances of all 3D points between the constructed surface and the temporal-region OBJ file. The classification of each sample was compared with its TDV to verify the mathematical model’s validity. The cutoff threshold and prediction accuracy of this mathematical model were calculated.

Results

The cutoff threshold between aesthetic and unaesthetic TDV was found to be 24.66 for males and 28.11 for females. The prediction accuracy rate was 0.73 for men and 0.73 for women.

Conclusion

The method has high overlap and good repeatability and minimizes the influence of subjective aesthetics on morphological judgment. TDV has a certain reference value for clinical temporal region evaluation.
Ecology of Honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) in Western Australian Eucalypt Woodlands II. Yellow-plumed Honeyeater Lichenostomus (Ptilotula) ornatus
Authors: Recher Harry F.
Published: February 2023

The Yellow-plumed Honeyeater Lichenostomus (Ptilotula) ornatus is a short-billed honeyeater which has declined in abundance over its range in Western Australia (WA), but remains abundant in the Great Western Woodland (GWW) where this study was conducted. It is also found in southeastern Australia where it occurs mostly in mallee woodlands. Yellow-plumed Honeyeaters form colonies from which they exclude small honeyeaters, canopy insectivores, and lerp-feeders; colonies persist for years. Colonies occurred in habitats dominated by different species of eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp), but were structurally similar, with trees of similar size forming a dense canopy, and lacking a shrub layer.

Yellow-plumed Honeyeaters rely on lerp and honeydew for energy and take arthropods within the colony by gleaning and probing from eucalypts, and opportunistic hawking. Foliage is the most common foraging substrate, but they also probe under bark of live branches and trunks. Yellow-plumed Honeyeaters move between patches of nectar-rich flowers outside the colonies, aggregating where eucalypt blossom is abundant. Such movements can be described as locally nomadic and there was no evidence in the GWW of migration or regional scale movements. The proportion of nectar and non-nectar foraging did not differ between years or localities, with half of foraging observations being of nectar-feeding. Yellow-plumed Honeyeaters are sensitive to the effects of drought, with less nesting during dry seasons, and colonies abandoning less productive habitats. Nests were spaced over a wide height range, but most were in the lower canopy of eucalypts. Nesting was not synchronous.

Their decline can be attributed to the fragmentation and clearing of the most productive habitats in WA for agriculture and urban expansion. Extensive areas of productive forest and woodlands are required to maintain colonies. As a result, Yellow-plumed Honeyeaters are vulnerable to land-clearing and climate change and should be listed as threatened. Currently they are listed as a species of ‘Least Concern’. Conservation of Yellow-plumed Honeyeaters and associated species will only be achieved through protection of extensive areas and corridors of intact forest and woodland, such as the Great Western Woodland in WA.
Influence of Organizational Factors on Safety Performance in Oil and Gas Industry in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
Authors: Okezie Ebubedike O. , Nwaogazie Ify L. , Chinemerem Patricks
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of organizational factors on safety performance in oil and gas companies in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional study using questionnaires administered electronically to employees working in these companies to gather data on various organizational factors, including management commitment, communication, leadership, and worker involvement. The reliability of the instrument was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and path analysis was used to examine the relationships between organizational factors and safety performance. The results of the study showed that positive organizational factors tend to significantly influence safety compliance and participation positively, while they influence accidents and near misses negatively. These findings suggest that organizations should focus on improving organizational factors in order to enhance safety performance in the oil and gas industry.
Correlation between Anxiety and Smartphone Addiction in the Teenager Population at Kalam Kudus II Senior High School
Authors: Setyo D. Stefanus Gardino , Firmansyah Yohanes , Tan Sukmawati Tansil , Santoso Alexander Halim , Ernawati . , Tadjudin Noer Saelan , Lontoh Susy Olivia , Nataprawira Sari Mariyati Dewi
Published: February 2023

Aims: To find out whether there is a correlation between anxiety and smartphone addiction in the teenager population at kalam kudus II senior high school.

Study Design: This research was a cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: Kalam Kudus II Senior High School Jakarta on December 15 2022 .

Methodology: This research was a cross sectional study, the target population in this study were all high school students. The reachable population in this study were all students at Kalam Kudus II Senior High School Jakarta. The sample of this study is part of the reachable population that meets the inclusion criteria.The minimum sample size required is 97 respondents (type I error of 5% with a research power of 95%).

Results: This study included 178 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Based on the results of the Spearman Correlation Test, it was found that there was a positive correlation of 0.274 (Weak) and statistically significant (p-value <0.001). This means that the higher the anxiety and the higher the anxiety level will encourage an increase in the value of the Smartphone Addiction Scale.

Further analysis using post-hoc Bonferoni showed that there was a significant Smartphone Addiction Scale value between the moderate anxiety vs. mild anxiety (p-value : 0.035) and moderate anxiety vs. normal/minimal anxiety (p-value : 0.005)

Conclusion: A higher level of anxiety will cause the Smartphone Addiction Scale's value to rise, which is means that the more a person is addicted to a smartphone, the higher the level of anxiety that person feels.
A Different Framework to Achieve Universal Coverage in the US
Authors: Baicker Katherine , Chandra Amitabh , Shepard Mark
Published: February 2023

This JAMA Forum discusses alternative ways to achieve universal coverage in the US such as administrative simplification in the Affordable Care Act plans to increase enrollment, having a basic policy that would be available to everyone, and options for supplemental coverage.
Assessment of Price and Clinical Benefit of Cancer Drugs in Canada, 2011-2020
Authors: Jenei Kristina , Meyers Daniel , Gyawali Bishal
Published: January 2023

This cohort study examines the association between approval characteristics, clinical benefit, and prices of cancer drugs recommended for reimbursement by the Canadian Agency for Drug and Technology in Health.
Assessment of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Association Between Time of Day and Colonoscopy Quality
Authors: Lu Zihua , Zhang Lihui , Yao Liwen , Gong Dexin , Wu Lianlian , Xia Meiqing , Zhang Jun , Zhou Wei , Huang Xu , He Chunping , Wu Huiling , Zhang Chenxia , Li Xun , Yu Honggang
Published: January 2023

Importance

Time of day was associated with a decline in adenoma detection during colonoscopy. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are effective in improving the adenoma detection rate (ADR), but the performance of AI during different times of the day remains unknown.

Objective

To validate whether the assistance of an AI system could overcome the time-related decline in ADR during colonoscopy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study is a secondary analysis of 2 prospective randomized controlled trials (RCT) from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. Consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy were randomly assigned to either the AI-assisted group or unassisted group from June 18, 2019, to September 6, 2019, and July 1, 2020, to October 15, 2020. The ADR of early and late colonoscopy sessions per half day were compared before and after the intervention of the AI system. Data were analyzed from March to June 2022.

Exposure

Conventional colonoscopy or AI-assisted colonoscopy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Adenoma detection rate.

Results

A total of 1780 patients (mean [SD] age, 48.61 [13.35] years, 837 [47.02%] women) were enrolled. A total of 1041 procedures (58.48%) were performed in early sessions, with 357 randomized into the unassisted group (34.29%) and 684 into the AI group (65.71%). A total of 739 procedures (41.52%) were performed in late sessions, with 263 randomized into the unassisted group (35.59%) and 476 into the AI group (64.41%). In the unassisted group, the ADR in early sessions was significantly higher compared with that of late sessions (13.73% vs 5.70%; P = .005; OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.31-4.47). After the intervention of the AI system, as expected, no statistically significant difference was found (22.95% vs 22.06%, P = .78; OR, 0.96; 95% CI; 0.71-1.29). Furthermore, the AI systems showed better assistance ability on ADR in late sessions compared with early sessions (odds ratio, 3.81; 95% CI, 2.10-6.91 vs 1.60; 95% CI, 1.10-2.34).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, AI systems showed higher assistance ability in late sessions per half day, which suggests the potential to maintain high quality and homogeneity of colonoscopies and further improve endoscopist performance in large screening programs and centers with high workloads.
Predictive Value of Early Autism Detection Models Based on Electronic Health Record Data Collected Before Age 1 Year
Authors: Engelhard Matthew M. , Henao Ricardo , Berchuck Samuel I. , Chen Junya , Eichner Brian , Herkert Darby , Kollins Scott H. , Olson Andrew , Perrin Eliana M. , Rogers Ursula , Sullivan Connor , Zhu YiQin , Sapiro Guillermo , Dawson Geraldine
Published: February 2023

Importance

Autism detection early in childhood is critical to ensure that autistic children and their families have access to early behavioral support. Early correlates of autism documented in electronic health records (EHRs) during routine care could allow passive, predictive model-based monitoring to improve the accuracy of early detection.

Objective

To quantify the predictive value of early autism detection models based on EHR data collected before age 1 year.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective diagnostic study used EHR data from children seen within the Duke University Health System before age 30 days between January 2006 and December 2020. These data were used to train and evaluate L2-regularized Cox proportional hazards models predicting later autism diagnosis based on data collected from birth up to the time of prediction (ages 30-360 days). Statistical analyses were performed between August 1, 2020, and April 1, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prediction performance was quantified in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) at clinically relevant model operating thresholds.

Results

Data from 45 080 children, including 924 (1.5%) meeting autism criteria, were included in this study. Model-based autism detection at age 30 days achieved 45.5% sensitivity and 23.0% PPV at 90.0% specificity. Detection by age 360 days achieved 59.8% sensitivity and 17.6% PPV at 81.5% specificity and 38.8% sensitivity and 31.0% PPV at 94.3% specificity.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this diagnostic study of an autism screening test, EHR-based autism detection achieved clinically meaningful accuracy by age 30 days, improving by age 1 year. This automated approach could be integrated with caregiver surveys to improve the accuracy of early autism screening.
Different Ways of Traveling the Cancer Road—Daytime Running Lights at Night?
Authors: Sanatani Michael
Published: February 2023

This essay describes the reflections of an oncology ward attending physician and patients with cancer who are blindsided by cancer recurrence or progression.
Real‐world evaluation of ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
Authors: Montalban Xavier , Matthews Paul M. , Simpson Alex , Petrie John L. , Sammon Cormac , Ramagopalan Sreeram , Disanto Giulio , Kuhle Jens
Published: February 2023

Across its clinical development program, ocrelizumab demonstrated efficacy in improving clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis, including annualized relapse rates and confirmed disability progression. However, as with any new treatment, it was unclear how this efficacy would translate into real‐world clinical practice. The objective of this study was to systematically collate the published real‐world clinical effectiveness data for ocrelizumab in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis and primary progressive multiple sclerosis. A search strategy was developed in MEDLINE and Embase to identify articles reporting real‐world evidence in people with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis or primary progressive multiple sclerosis receiving treatment with ocrelizumab. The search focused on English language articles only but was not limited by the country in which the study was conducted or the time frame of the study. Additional manual searches of relevant websites were also performed. Fifty‐two studies were identified reporting relevant evidence. Real‐world effectiveness data for ocrelizumab were consistently favorable, with reductions in relapse rate and disease progression rates similar to those reported in the OPERA I/OPERA II and ORATORIO clinical trials, including in studies with more diverse patient populations not well represented in the pivotal trials. Although direct comparisons are confounded by lack of randomization of treatments, outcomes reported suggest that ocrelizumab has a similar or greater efficacy than other therapy options. Initial real‐world effectiveness data for ocrelizumab appear favorable and consistent with results reported in clinical trials, providing clinicians with an efficacious option to treat patients with multiple sclerosis.
Robust Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube‐Infiltrated Carbon Fiber Electrodes for Structural Supercapacitors: from Reductive Dissolution to High Performance Devices
Authors: Senokos Evgeny , Anthony David B. , Rubio Noelia , Ribadeneyra Maria Crespo , Greenhalgh Emile S. , Shaffer Milo S. P.
Published: January 2023

Multifunctional electrodes for structural supercapacitors are prepared by vacuum infiltration of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into woven carbon fibers (CFs); the use of reductive charging chemistry to form nanotubide solutions ensured a high degree of individualization. The route is highly versatile, as shown by comparing four different commercial nanotube feedstocks. In film form, the pure nanotubide networks (“buckypapers”) are highly conductive (up to 2000 S cm−1) with high surface area (>1000 m2 g−1) and great electrochemical performance (capacitance of 101 F g−1, energy density of 27.5 Wh kg−1 and power density of 135 kW kg−1). Uniformly integrating these SWCNT networks throughout the CF fabrics significantly increased electrical conductivity (up to 318 S cm−1), surface area (up to 196 m2 g−1), and in‐plane shear properties, all simultaneously. The CNT‐infiltrated CFs electrodes exhibited intrinsically high specific energy (2.6–4.2 Wh kg−1) and power (6.0–8.7 kW kg−1) densities in pure 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM TFSI) electrolyte. Multifunctional structural supercapacitors based on CNT‐coated CFs offer a substantial increase in capacitive performance while maintaining the tensile mechanical properties of the as‐received CF‐based composite. This non‐damaging approach to modify CFs with highly graphitic, high surface area nanocarbons provides a new route to structural energy storage systems.
Ultralong Near Infrared Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Cu(I) Metal‐Organic Framework Based‐on D–π–A–π–D Linkers
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Jia‐Jia , Yin Shao‐Yun , Li Meng‐Yang , Hou Ya‐Jun , Wang Dan , Mo Jun‐Ting , Chen Guang
Published: January 2023

Materials taking abundant advantage of triplet states luminescence have risen lots of attention in decades. In this work, a Cu(I) metal‐organic framework (MOF) with synchronous metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state and triplet emission of the ligand is synthesized from a D–π–A–π–D ligand with suitable energy gap. The Cu(I) MOF possessed MLCT emission in the range of 450–505 nm with microsecond lifetimes (1.07 to 5.38 µs) and a triplet state emission in near infrared (NIR) region ≈705 nm with lifetimes of 1.85 ms at 300 K and 25.16 ms at 77 K, much longer than those of reported Cu(I) MOFs. Moreover, a white light is obtained through adjusting the relative intensity of dual peaks. More importantly, NIR long persistent luminescence of Cu‐MOF is observed by naked eyes under cryogenic condition. Multiple factors such as the delicate design of the D–π–A–π–D structure of ligand, the enhanced spin‐orbital coupling by Cu(I) networks, and the tight packing mode of the framework promote the generation of MLCT emission and ultralong NIR room temperature phosphorescence. The combination of calculation and experiment to analyse the luminescence mechanism of Cu(I) MOFs provides ideas for the development of Cu(I)‐based intelligently responsive materials with RTP properties.
Lateral WSe2 Homojunction through Metal Contact Doping: Excellent Self‐powered Photovoltaic Photodetector
Authors: Li Yubao , Xiao Jingchao , Cao Xinqi , Gu Zhiwei , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2023

Here an IR‐heating chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach enabling fast 2D‐growth of WSe2 thin films is reported, and the great potential of metal contact doping in building CVD‐grown WSe2‐based lateral homojunction is demonstrated by contacting with TiN/Ni metals in favor of holes/electrons injection. Shortening nanosheet channel to ≈2 µm leads to pronounced enhancement in the performance of diode. The fabricated WSe2‐based diode exhibits high rectification ratios without the need of gate modulation and can work efficiently as photovoltaic cell, with maximum open circuit voltage reaching up to 620 mV and a high power conversion efficiency over 15%, empowering it as superb self‐powered photodetector for visible to near‐infrared lights, with photoresponsivity over 0.5 A W−1 and a fast photoresponse speed of 10 µs under 520 nm illumination. It is of practical significance to achieve well‐performed photovoltaic devices with CVD‐grown WSe2 using fab‐friendly metals and simple processing, which will help pave the way toward future mass production of optoelectronic chips.
Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Zn Single Atoms and CuNx Clusters for Synergetic Catalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Hu Xiaosong , Liu Xinyu , Hu Xin , Zhao Chaoyue , Guan Qingxin , Li Wei
Published: February 2023

Reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction is the initial and necessary step of CO2 hydrogenation to high value‐added products, and regulating the selectivity of CO is still a fundamental challenge. In the present study, an efficient catalyst (CuZnNx@C‐N) composed by Zn single atoms and Cu clusters stabilized by nitrogen sites is reported. It contains saturated four‐coordinate Zn‐N4 sites and low valence CuNx clusters. Monodisperse Zn induces the aggregation of pyridinic N to form Zn‐N4 and N4 structures, which show strong Lewis basicity and has strong adsorption for *CO2 and *COOH intermediates, but weak adsorption for *CO, thus greatly improves the CO2 conversion and CO selectivity. The catalyst calcined at 700 °C exhibits the highest CO2 conversion of 43.6% under atmospheric pressure, which is 18.33 times of Cu‐ZnO and close to the thermodynamic equilibrium conversion rate (49.9%) of CO2. In the catalytic process, CuNx not only adsorbs and activates H2, but also cooperates with the adjacent Zn‐N4 and N4 structures to jointly activate CO2 molecules and further promotes the hydrogenation of CO2. This synergistic mechanism will provide new insights for developing efficient hydrogenation catalysts.
Stabilization of Perovskite Lattice and Suppression of Sn2+/Sn4+ Oxidation via Formamidine Acetate for High Efficiency Tin Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Shurong , Yao Huanhuan , Zhu Weike , Wu Cheng , Tang Zhiyue , Liu Junke , Ding Liming , Hao Feng
Published: January 2023

Tin halide lead‐free perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) have received tremendous research interest recently due to their nearly ideal bandgap, broad light absorption, non‐toxicity, and environmental friendliness. However, the uncontrollable crystallization process and the facile oxidation of Sn2+ limit the further increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE). To solve these problems, a series of acetates are introduced into the perovskite precursor solution to regulate the crystallization process. It is revealed that formamidine acetate (FAAc) has strong COSn coordination with Sn2+ compared with acetic acid (HAc) and methylammonium acetate (MAAc), which can stabilize the lattice structure, minimize defect states and suppress the oxidation of Sn2+. Meanwhile, benefiting from this coordination ability, it not only leads to large‐size colloidal clusters in precursor but also slows down the crystallization process and improves the crystallinity of tin halide perovskite films. The device with FAAc achieved an increased PCE from initially 9.84% to 12.43%, and it could maintain 94% of its initial value for 2000 h in N2 atmosphere. This work provides a feasible strategy for depositing high‐quality tin perovskite films with low defect density and lattice distortion, which will be crucial for related photovoltaics and other optoelectronic devices.
Effects of Multiple Ion Reactions Based on a CoSe2/MXene Cathode in Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yuan Zeyu , Lin Qifeng , Li Yilin , Han Wei , Wang Lili
Published: February 2023

Rechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries (RAIBs) have emerged as a promising battery storage technology owing to their cost‐effectiveness, operational safety, and high energy density. However, their actual capacity is substantially lower than their true capacity and their cycling stability is poor. Therefore, understanding the energy‐storage mechanism may contribute to the successful design of a stable electrode material, on which the performance can be optimized. The aim of this study is to investigate AlCl4− ions in transition metal cathode materials and mechanisms that enable for their high‐energy‐storage potential and low Coulombic efficiency. Results of theoretical analysis and experimental verification show that a multi‐ion transport mechanism is responsible for the electrochemical behavior of the battery. The lattice distortion of CoSe2 caused by AlCl4− ion intercalation, has a considerable effect on the initial stability of the battery. MXene as a support material reduces the size of CoSe2 growing on its surface, effectively inhibiting the lattice distortion caused by the interaction with the aluminum‐anion complex, thus addressing the issues of poor reversibility, cycle instability, and low Coulombic efficiency of the battery. Hence, understanding the impact of MXene on the battery may aid in further improving the design of electrode materials.
25.24%‐Efficiency FACsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Intermolecular Esterification Reaction of DL‐Carnitine Hydrochloride
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhou Hui , Duan Yuwei , Wu Meizi , He Kun , Li Yong , Xu Dongfang , Zou Hong , Yang Shaoming , Fang Zhimin , Liu Shengzhong , Liu Zhike
Published: February 2023

Judicious tailoring of the interface between the SnO2 electron‐transport layer and the perovskite buried surface plays a pivotal role in obtaining highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a DL‐carnitine hydrochloride (DL) is incorporated into the perovskite/SnO2 interface to suppress the defect‐states density. A DL‐dimer is obtained at the interface by an intermolecular esterification reaction. For the SnO2 film, the Cl− in the DL‐dimer can passivate oxygen vacancies (VO) through electrostatic coupling, while the N in the DL‐dimer can coordinate with the Sn4+ to passivate Sn‐related defects. For the perovskite film, the DL‐dimer can passivate FA+ defects via hydrogen bonding and Pb‐related defects more efficiently than the DL monomer. Upon DL‐dimer modification, the interfacial defects are effectively passivated and the quality of the resultant perovskite film is improved. As a result, the DL‐treated device achieves a gratifying open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.20 V and a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.24%, which is a record value among all the reported FACsPbI3 PSCs to date. In addition, the unencapsulated devices exhibit a charming stability, sustaining 99.20% and 90.00% of their initial PCEs after aging in air for 1200 h and continuously operating at the maximum power point tracking for 500 h, respectively.
Refreshment of SrTiO3 Substrate for Layer Peeling‐off using Sacrificial Sr3Al2O6
Authors: Wang Jie , Liang Yuhan , Wang Yue , Yang Shengan , Zhang Xinyu , Huang Xin , Wang Yajuan , Liang Zhaowei , Ma Ji , Zhang Hui , Chen Qingming , Ma Jing , Lin Yuan‐Hua , Wu Liang
Published: January 2023

The use of water‐soluble sacrificial layer of Sr3Al2O6 has tremendously boosted the research on freestanding functional oxide thin films, especially thanks to its ultimate capability to produce high‐quality epitaxial perovskite thin films. However, the costly single‐crystalline substrates, e.g., SrTiO3, are generally discarded after obtaining the freestanding thin films. Here, it is demonstrated that the SrTiO3 substrates can be recycled to fabricate La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films with nearly identical structural and electrical properties. After attaining freestanding thin films, the residues on SrTiO3 can be removed by 80 °C hot water soaking and rinsing treatments. Consequently, the surface of SrTiO3 reverted to its original step‐and‐terrace structure.
Asymmetric Electrode Work Function Customization via Top Electrode Replacement in Ferroelectric and Field‐Induced Ferroelectric Hafnium Zirconium Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Fields Shelby S. , Jaszewski Samantha T. , Lenox Megan K. , Ihlefeld Jon F.
Published: January 2023

Non‐volatile memory device structures such as ferroelectric random‐access memory and ferroelectric tunnel junctions employ switchable spontaneous polarization to hold binary states. These devices can potentially benefit from the imposition of spontaneous internal biases and their resulting effect on the polarization properties of the ferroelectric (or field‐induced ferroelectric/antiferroelectric) layer. While HfO2‐based thin films are ideal candidates for implementation into these devices due to their scalability and silicon compatibility, the phase purity of these oxides is sensitive to the selection of electrode material, preventing incorporation of asymmetric electrode layers into such structures. Within this work, electrode replacement following post‐metallization anneal processing is introduced as a route to achieve ferroelectric and field‐induced ferroelectric HfxZr1−xO2 (HZO) thin films with electrode‐independent phase constitutions. The effects of this process and the corresponding internal biases imposed across the HZO layers due to asymmetric work functions are investigated. It is shown that internal biases vary in magnitude in accordance with prediction based on the work functions of the replaced electrode layers and affect remanent polarization magnitudes. Accordingly, electrode replacement presents a processing route that can readily produce HZO films with spontaneous internal biases and electrode‐independent phase constitutions, facilitating implementation of these ferroelectrics into the next generation device structures.
A Soft and Stretchable Multielectrode Cuff for Selective Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Lienemann Samuel , Donahue Mary J. , Zötterman Johan , Farnebo Simon , Tybrandt Klas
Published: January 2023

Bioelectronic medicine can treat diseases and disorders in humans by electrically interfacing with peripheral nerves. Multielectrode cuffs can be used for selective stimulation of portions of the nerve, which is advantageous for treatment specificity. The biocompatibility and conformability of cuffs can be improved by reducing the mechanical mismatch between nerve tissue and cuffs, but selective stimulation of nerves has yet to be achieved with soft and stretchable cuff electrodes. Here, this paper reports the development of a soft and stretchable multielectrode cuff (sMEC) for selective nerve stimulation. The device is made of 50 µm thick silicone with embedded gold nanowire conductors, which renders it functional at 50% strain, and provides superior conformability for wrapping nerves. By using different stimulation protocols, high functional selectivity is achieved with the sMEC's eight stimulation electrodes in a porcine sciatic nerve model. Finite element modeling is used to predict the potential distribution within the nerve, which correlate well with the achieved stimulation results. Recent studies are showing that mechanical softness is of outermost importance for reducing foreign body response. It is therefore believed that the soft high‐performance sMEC technology is ideal for future selective peripheral nerve interfaces for bioelectronic medicine.
Microscale Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Ultra‐Fine, Embedded Cu/Ag(shell)–P4VP(core) Grid for Flexible Transparent Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Houchao , Zhu Xiaoyang , Zhou Junyi , Li Hongke , Li Zhenghao , Sun Luanfa , Wang Rui , Zhang Fan , Xu Quan , Zhao Jiawei , Huang Youqi , Yang Wenchao , Zhang Guangming , Lan Hongbo
Published: January 2023

Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with embedded metal mesh composed of composite materials or structures have excellent comprehensive performance, which has attracted extensive attention, but it also brings great challenges to its manufacturing. Herein, a simple and cost‐effective fabrication process free of template, vacuum processes is proposed for high‐performance FTEs with ultra‐fine embedded Cu/Ag(shell)–P4VP(core) conductive grid via a microscale hybrid additive manufacturing technique. The produced FTE exhibits excellent properties with a sheet resistance of 2.5 Ω, a transmittance of 93% at a line pitch of 250 µm, and an ultra‐fine line width of 4 µm, low surface roughness (Ra ≈ 5.28 nm), and excellent mechanical stability (no change in Rs after 100 adhesion and 150 scratch tests). The FTEs expose only a few conductive areas, which make it excellent environmental stability (no change in Rs after exposure to humidity environment for 72 h). The flexible electroluminescent device fabricated with this FTE has good bending and luminescent properties, showing great potential for flexible optoelectronic applications.
A Bioinspired Smart Adhesion Actuator with Fast‐Driving and Self‐Sensing Capability
Authors: Xiang Chenxing , Ning Huiming , Hu Ning , Zhang Lidan , Zou Rui , Li Alamusi , Liu Feng , Huang Kaiyan , Wen Jie , Wang Shu , Wu Xiaopeng , Song Zengrui , Liu Yaolu , Wu Liangke
Published: January 2023

Smart adhesion actuators have played an increasingly important role in industrial manufacturing, medical equipment, and other applications of daily life. Inspired by the octopus sucker, a smart bionic adhesion actuator is designed that uses hydrogel‐based materials with a photothermal effect to simulate the contraction and relaxation of octopus sucker muscles, enabling it to rapidly grasp and release objects weighing more than 24 times its own weight, while having good cyclic stability. The magnitude of the grasping force can be monitored in real time through an additional sensing structure, which is similar to the nerves of octopus sucker. By sensing and adjusting the state of adsorption, controllable adsorption can be achieved using this self‐sensing function, thereby greatly improving energy efficiency. It provides a new direction for the design of smart bionic adhesion actuators with hydrogels.
Single‐Molecule Electronic Biosensors: Principles and Applications
Authors: Chang Xinyue , Huo Yani , Zhao Cong , Sun Wanqi , Song Ziqi , Qi Ziyuan , Wang Jinying , Jia Chuancheng , Guo Xuefeng
Published: February 2023

Single‐biomolecule electronic sensing techniques are of great importance in many fields, from medical diagnosis to disease surveillance. As the physiological changes of single biomolecules can be converted into measurable electrical signals, single‐molecule electronic biosensors can realize real‐time, highly sensitive, and high‐bandwidth detection of individual intra‐ or inter‐molecular interactions. These powerful single‐molecule sensing devices have demonstrated key advantages in precisely providing rare and detailed intermediate information along reaction pathways and revealing unique properties hidden in ensemble measurements. This review summarizes significant advances in single‐molecule electronic biosensors, emphasizing biomolecule recognition, interaction, and reaction dynamics at the single‐molecule level. Sensor configurations, sensing mechanisms, and representative applications are also discussed. Furthermore, a perspective on the use of photoelectric integrated systems for synchronous sensing of the electrical and optical signals of single biomolecules is provided.
Design Intelligent Pressure Sensing Devices and System Integrated with Conductor‐Coated Porous Composites
Authors: Shen Junhao , Gong Danni , Li Peiyang , Sun Yuhan , Zuo Shaohua , Shi Fuwen , Wu Xing , Chu Junchao
Published: February 2023

Porous composite pressure sensors have the advantage of a wide deformation range owing to their structural characteristics. It is one of the building blocks for wearable intelligent devices and systems. Conductor‐coated porous composites (CCPCs), consisting of a conductive coating and an insulating elastomeric skeleton, exhibit low modulus, high compressibility, and a facile fabrication process. Pressure sensors developed based on CCPCs provide specific intelligent wearable sensor applications, including high‐resolution pressure detection and multimodal sensing under extremely compressing environments. Here, representative works on the fabrication, performance, and applications of CCPC devices are reviewed. The “state‐of‐the‐art” compilation of the most sophisticated design strategy of CCPCs with durable, low hysteresis, high sensitivity, and wide detection range is summarized, which also ensures instructive significance for the design of other pressure devices based on soft matter and rigid conductors. Finally, the intelligent device and system scenarios of CCPC devices are introduced.
Unlocking AlN Piezoelectric Performance with Earth‐Abundant Dopants
Authors: Startt Jacob , Quazi Mohammed , Sharma Pallavi , Vazquez Irma , Poudyal Aseem , Jackson Nathan , Dingreville Remi
Published: February 2023

The increasing demand for high‐performance piezoelectric materials and toxicity and thermal stability issues of the widely used lead zirconate titanates (PZT) have spurred a search for better alternatives in electronic devices. In comparison to PZT, group III nitrides such as aluminum nitride (AlN), are only weakly piezoelectric, but doping AlN with scandium (Sc) improves the piezoelectric response by nearly 500%. Relative to PZT, doped‐AlN piezoelectric materials are advantageous because they are far more compatible with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) materials, and they maintain both piezoelectric and thermodynamic stability up to very high temperatures. Unfortunately, rare‐earth metals are notoriously expensive, and fabricating stable films with rare‐earth dopants is also challenging, limiting their use in industrial applications. In this work, ab initio calculations are combined with targeted fabrication and experimentation to identify alternative earth‐abundant dopants for AlN from the periodic table d‐block. Amongst the 23 elements screened, it is found that group IVB metals, titanium, zirconium, and hafnium induce large piezoelectric enhancements comparable to Sc. This improvement is traced to shifts in the atomic sublattice structure and changes in the local charge states. In demonstrating a highly accessible and affordable path for technological adaptation of AlN‐based piezoelectrics, this work provides the foundation for sustainable, next‐generation electronics.