bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guilt by Alt-Association: A Review of Enhanced Punishment for Suspected Gang Members
Authors: Marston Rebecca
Published: March 2022

This essay, written in reaction to the University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform’s 2018 Symposium entitled “Alt-Association: The Role of Law in Combating Extremism” (the Symposium), does not dispute the seriousness of gang-related violence. Rather, it examines ways in which current strategies for combating gang-related crimes are ineffective or problematic and suggests possible reforms. Part One of this essay will describe current methods used in labeling, tracking, and prosecuting gang members, which result in a cycle of enhanced punishment. Part Two will evaluate these practices and reflect on whether enhanced punishment is the best way to reduce gang-related violence, especially given that modern “gangs” have evolved away from the sophisticated and well-defined criminal organizations of the past. Finally, this essay will explore novel solutions for reducing the harms associated with gang activity in affected communities. These solutions will incorporate ideas from the Symposium’s “Design Jam,” a brainstorming session following the day’s panel discussions in which law students, professors, and guest speakers worked in groups to brainstorm effective ways to combat extremism.
Konsep Pendidik dan Peserta Didik Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an
Authors: Abnisa Almaydza Pratama
Published: March 2022

Understanding educators or teachers are limited as one individual figure who is in front of the class. In a broad sense is a person who has the duty of responsibility to educate learners in developing their personality, both take place in school or outside school. According UUSPN 1989, teachers include educational staff, especially educators who are tasked with guiding, teaching and training students. In modern educational terminology, educators are called people who give lessons to their students by holding one discipline in school. Generally the educator is the person who has the responsibility to educate. While in particular, educators in the perspective of Islamic education are those who are responsible for the development of learners by seeking the development of all potential learners, both affective potential, cognitive, and psychomotor in accordance with the values of Islamic religious teachings. Students themselves in Islamic education are individuals who are growing and developing, both physically, psychologically social, and religious in the world through the life and the hereafter. Imam Ghazali points out that the primary task of the educator is to perfect, cleanse, purify, and bring the human heart to taqarrub ila Allah.
Jahrbuch Wirtschaftsrecht Schweiz – EU - Überblick und Kommentar 2021/22
Authors: Appenzeller Hansjürg , Baumgartner Tobias , Bergau Benjamin , Berne André S. , Braun Eliane , Brunner Alexander , Elsener Janick , Fischer Jana , Geiser Thomas , Heinrich Ulrike I. , Isler Vanessa , Kratz Brigitta , Mamane David , Mayer Michael , Rechsteiner Peter , Schreiber René , Sulzer Stefan , Trüten Dirk , Uebe Wesselina , Ziegler Andreas R. , Zilio Laura P.
Published: March 2022

Der vorliegende 17. Band der Jahrbuchreihe „Wirtschaftsrecht Schweiz – EU“ dokumentiert die aktuellen Entwicklungen in zentralen Bereichen des EU-Wirtschaftsrechts und deren Bedeutung für die Schweiz. Berücksichtigt werden diverse wirtschaftsrelevante Rechtsgebiete, u.a. Kapitalmarktrecht, Immaterialgüterrecht, Arbeitsrecht, Steuerrecht und Wettbewerbsrecht. Das Jahrbuch richtet sich an Unternehmens-, Wirtschafts- und VerwaltungsjuristInnen sowie an RichterInnen und RechtsanwältInnen und bietet ihnen einen kompakten Überblick über die wichtigsten Gesetzgebungsvorstösse, neue Rechtsakte und ergangene Urteile im vergangenen Jahr 2021.
Shoreline change at Gulf Islands National Seashore, Florida and Mississippi: 2018–2021 data summary
Authors: Bracewell Jeff
Published: March 2022

In May and June 2018, and April 2021, the Gulf Coast Network (GULN) surveyed shoreline position at Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS) as a part of the NPS Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods detailed in Monitoring Shoreline Position at Gulf Coast Network Parks: Protocol Implementation Plan (PIP; Bracewell 2017). Shoreline change was calculated using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System developed by USGS (Theiler et al. 2008). Key findings from this effort are as follows: In Florida, the mean shoreline change rate from 2018 to 2021 was -7.10 meters/year (-23.3 feet[ft]/year) with a standard deviation of 5.01 meters (16.4 ft) with approximately 95% of transects exhibiting landward retreat. In Mississippi, the mean change in island width from 2018 to 2021 was -7.46 meters/year (-24.5 ft/year) with a standard deviation of 12.49 meters (41.0 ft) with approximately 73% of transects exhibiting a loss in width. This project is in the early phases of implementation and will benefit from future surveys to better understand the influence of slight changes in survey timing and other environmental variations.
Analisis Sistem Antrian dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Pelayanan Menggunakan Metode Accidental Sampling
Authors: Hariputra Rakhmad Pribowo , Defit Sarjon , Sumijan
Published: March 2022

Queue is a process of waiting to be served if a service facility (server) is still busy. After getting service, the queue is left to get service facilities. One of the busy places of service and the existence of services is the Solok City Hospital. Services at the hospital always have a queuing process. This process starts from registration to completion, namely making payments at the cashier. Currently, mobile media has become one of the important aspects in supporting queue services. Technological advances that use mobile media have provided many advantages and conveniences in saving time and reducing the number of workers and costs in service. One method of improving services with mobile media is the Accidental Sampling method. This method is very effective in using queue time. So this research was carried out to improve hospital services so that visitors and the hospital could save time in getting services and serving. The data processed in this study was carried out in 30 days with measurements using the calculation of the probability of no visitors, the average number of visitors, the average number of visitors waiting in the queue, and the average time waiting in line. The result of this study is to add 1 waiter per counter, so the optimal time to overcome the queue at the hospital. So that this research can be used as a reference in improving services to overcome the problem of queuing visitors
Characteristics, methodological and reporting quality of scoping reviews published in nursing journals: A systematic review protocol
Authors:   National University of Singapore, Woo Brigitte , Tam Wilson , Ow Jenna , Poon Sum Nok , Ong Yoke Chin , Cheong Zu Yu , Goh Shawn Y S
Published: March 2022

Review question / Objective: The proposed review objectives are: i. To examine the characteristics of scoping reviews published in nursing journals; and ii. To evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of the scoping reviews. Eligibility criteria: Articles included in this study will be ScRs published in the nursing journals which indexed in the ISI Journal Citation Reports 2020 Science Edition. Only ScRs in English will be included. Methodology papers, commentaries, conference abstracts, or letters on ScRs will be excluded.
Estimating Technical Efficiency and its Determinants in the Coconut Plantations: The Case of Kurunegala Plantations Limited, Sri Lanka
Authors: Samarakoon S. M. M. , Gunarathne L. H. P. , Weerahewa J.
Published: March 2022

This study estimated the Technical Efficiency (TE) of coconut production in Sri Lanka using the stochastic frontier production function procedure. Data on inputs and coconut production recorded by Kurunegala Plantations Limited from 2000 – 2018 were used for the analysis. The stochastic production frontier in Cobb-Douglas form and the inefficiency model were estimated by single-step Maximum Likelihood method using STATA 14 computer software package treating coconut yield as the dependent variable and fertilizer, rainfall, labor, chemicals, tractor hours, mulching harrowing/plowing, agro-ecological zones, education level of the managers and bearing coconut extent as independent variables. Results revealed that TE of coconut production ranged from 81-98%, with an average of 88%, indicating that there is scope for increasing the production by as much as 12% without increasing inputs and simply using a higher technology level. The outcome of the analysis shows that inorganic fertilizer, rainfall, labor, tractor hours, and mulching are kind positive and significant. In contrast, agro-chemicals such as weedicides, fungicides and pesticides and plowing/harrowing did not show a significant contribution to coconut production. In respect of the farm and farmer-specific characteristics, the size of the estate has a positive relationship with technical inefficiency, meaning that smaller estates are more efficient than larger estates. It also shows that the agro-ecological zones and educational level have no significant effect on the efficiency of coconut production. The results highlight the need for government and private sector assistance in improving the efficiency of smallholders and promoting access to productive inputs.
Pemilihan Bahasa Dakwah Habib DR. Segaf Baharun, M.H.I Dalam Majelis al Hikam
Authors: Dewantara Muhammad Iqbal
Published: March 2022

Tujuan daripada dilakukannya penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui tentang bagaimana pengungkapan dan diksi bahasa daripada dakwah Dr. Segaf Baharun, M.H. Termasuk juga bagaimana ketepatan dan  kesesuaian pemilihan kata, jenis gaya bahasa dan makna kata yang digunakan oleh beliau. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi persoalan tersebut ialah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Dimana teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode observasi, dokumentasi dan wawanc­ara. Dan teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis data model Miles dan Huberman. Dari hasil pembahasan penulisan ini, diketahui bahwa ketepatan bahasa  yang digunakan oleh Dr. Segaf Baharun, M.H dalam dakwahnya di majelis Al Hikam ialah menyampaikan pembahasan dengan terjemah bahasa bersifat kontekstual, yakni berupa proses pendidikan yang holistic dan bermaksud untuk memotivasi dalam memaknai materi kitab yang sedang dipelajari dengan mengaitkan materi yang disampaikan dengan kehidupan dan keibadahan sehari-hari (individu, sosial dan budaya). Hingga para mustami’ merasakan betul-betul terbimbing langsung dari materi tersebut. Hal yang dikhususkan pada penulisan ini adalah diksi bahasa daripada dakwah Habib Dr. Segaf Baharun, M.H, maka diharapkan untuk penulisan berikutnya dapat difokuskan mengenai gaya non verbal (retorika) daripada ceramah Habib Dr. Segaf Baharun, M.H.I.
Dakwah dengan Media Sosial di Era Keterbukaan Informasi Publik
Authors: Raharjo Novianto Puji
Published: March 2022

Era saat ini dakwah disampaikan secara mudah melalui bantuan teknologi informasi media sosial. Media sosial saat ini perkembangannya dimanfaatkan digunakan untuk memberikan pencerahan dengan konten dakwah yang menyebarkan kebaikan. Media sosial digunakan dengan interaksi dengan para pengakses kontennya dengan keterbukaan dan kebijaksanaan. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran dakwah yang dilakukan publik melalui sosial media yang bermanfaat untuk pencerahan dan memberikan kebaikan. Media sosial pada era keterbukaan informasi publik bermanfaat dalam melakukan dakwah supaya sesuai dengan UU ITE. Hasil dari penulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa publik memiliki kebebasan dalam berinteraksi dengan dakwah, dapat melakukan komentar serta tanggapan. Materi konten dakwah dalam era saat ini sangat beragam dan diperlukan kehati – hatian dalam pemilihan isi konten dikarenankan kemajuan teknologi sangat memperhatikan UU ITE, beberpa pendakwah yang tidak hati – hati saat memaparkan materinya dapat menjadikannya mudah terancam dengan hukum. Penulisan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknologi mempermudah kehidupan manusia terutama pada bidang dakwah. Dampak negative dari kebebasan bersosial media lebih berhati – hati melakukan tidakan. Dampak positif dakwah dapat dilakukan secara efektif dan leluasa dengan khalayak lebih beragam.
Pesan Dakwah Islam Analisis Semiotika (Studi Kasus Instagram @Mahakaryaanakbangsa)
Authors: Ibad M. Nashoihul
Published: March 2022

Latar belakang penelitian ini diawali dengan melihat aktivitas dakwah dalam dunia media baru di internet khususnya pada akun instagram @mahakaryaanakbangsa.id. Dakwah merupakan aktivitas komunikasi massa yang dilakukan di publik untuk menyampaikan nilai -nilai keislaman menuju kebaikan. Penggunaan media baru saat ini sangat bermanfaat dalam pengembangan dakwah. Kini media baru menjadi sebuah jembatan yang baru dan  menjadi jalan percepatan dalam berdakwah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai arti pesan dakwah dalam level realitias, level representative dan level ideologi di postingan Instagram @mahakaryaanakbangsa. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan strategi desain teori semiotika John Fiske. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari pengamatan, dokumentasi dan studi Pustaka. Analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan semiotika John Fiske codes of televition level realitas, level representasi, dan level ideologi. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa makna dakwah islami pada postingan akun Instagram @mahakaryaanakbangsa.id berpandangan untuk saling peduli sesame manusia dan menjaga budi luhur perilaku aktivitas keseharian sesuai dengan ajaran syariat islam.
DAKWAH STRUKTURAL HABIB ALI ALWI BIN THOHIR SEBAGAI WAKIL RAKYAT PADA PARLEMEN PEMERINTAHAN
Authors: M Iqbal Dewantara  , Sayyid Ali Zainal Abidin B.T
Published: March 2022

Abstrak

Dakwah merupakan yang gerakan ini tidak lain bertujuan untuk terciptanya masyarakat yang beriman, bertakwa dan sejahtera. Teknik ataupun seni dalam penyampaian dakwah dapat berupa metode pendekatan-pendekatan struktural maupun kultural. Kedua pendekatan tersebut diibaratkan sebagai dua pasang kaki dan tangan yang saling menyempurnakan. Pendekatan struktural merupakan pendekatan dakwah dengan memanfaatkan kekuatan struktur organisasi. Kiprah dakwah dalam birokrasi yang dilakukan oleh Drs Habib Ali Alwi merupakan sebuah proses pentransferan nilai-nilai ajaran Islam dengan cara memanfaatkan profesi pekerjaan. Menanamkan pemahaman bahwa Islam adalah agama yang rahmatan lil alamin bagi kalangan birokrat adalah tujuan utamanya. Sehingga dapat tercipta birokrat-birokrat yang selalu menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai ke Islaman pada setiap kebijakan yang lahir.
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION OF ARAB ETHNICITY AS A CULTURAL IDENTITY IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY
Authors: Riesta Ayu Oktarina  , Mukhamad Ainul Yaqin
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Identity also needs to be built to be able to make a character or identification. The more identities created, it can also become known in the community. Ethnic Arabs have an identity as an identifier as a symbol of Arab ethnicity. The method to be used in this study is qualitative, while the approach is phenomenology. The type of qualitative research based on the type of literature or data collection research library can be obtained through relevant sources, books, research journals or conceptuals that have a close relationship with ethnic Arabs there are 2 symbols, namely: Use the surname dadalam full name. Surnames and Gamis Wear, The values contained in religion include having a good impression, having a reputation, loyalty, social class, and social moral standards.
Attitude Mounting Misalignment Estimation Method for the Calibration of UAV LiDAR System by using a TIN-based Corresponding Model
Authors: Santos Daniel , Filho Leonardo , Oliveira Jr Paulo , De Oliveira Henrique
Published: March 2022

In traditional attitude mounting misalignment estimation methods for the calibration of unmanned autonomous vehicle (UAV) based light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system, signalized targets and iterative corresponding models are required, which makes it highly cost and computationally time-consuming. This paper presents an attitude mounting misalignment estimation (AMME) method for the calibration of UAV LiDAR system. The proposed method is divided into the coarse registration of LiDAR strips and the estimation of the attitude mounting misalignment. Firstly, 3D keypoints are extracted in the point clouds using the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm. Afterwards, the point feature transform (PFH) descriptor is used for 3D keypoint matching. Then, the coarse registration is executed. In the second part of the contribution, the systematic errors in the attitude mounting misalignment are estimated by incorporating the proposed triangular irregular network (TIN) corresponding model into the calibration modelling. Using the TIN-based corresponding model saves time and cost for AMME method. Furthermore, it provides two important effects: practical and computational, as no designed calibration boards, segmentation and iterative matching are needed. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated under an UAV LiDAR data onboarded with lightweight navigation sensors. The experimental results show the efficacy of the method in comparison with a state-of-the-art method.
Fourth industrial revolution as a driver of the digitalization of production and urbanization
Authors: Kraus Kateryna , Kraus Nataliia , Buzhdyhan Kateryna
Published: March 2022

The article presents a historical slice of industrial revolutions and examines the changes that occur as a result in various sectors and spheres of public life. Authors argue that Fourth Industrial Revolution is reflected in industrial change and training. However, Industry 4.0, which is part of Fourth Industrial Revolution, provides a number of new technologies that lay the foundations for the formation of virtual-real space for data exchange, testing new quality processes and objects, creating robotic systems in combination with Internet technologies in the format of smart factories, “smart” enterprises, smart cities. Authors expressed the opinion that today there is still an intensified so-called “spread” of cities, the expansion of their territory. The transition from simple to group forms of urban settlement – from the usual “point” city to urban agglomerations – compact territorial groups of urban and rural settlements is especially characteristic of modern urbanization. Authors consider digital vector of transformation of national economy in terms of digitalization of production and the importance of urban processes. The article presents four stages of the industrial revolution and focuses on the features of Fourth Industrial Revolution, as a new industrial breakthrough in which the interaction of new information and communication technologies in production processes, urban management and life. As a result, we note that compliance with the principles of Industry 4.0 will allow the rational use of natural, technical and energy resources, recycling of industrial and household waste, to obtain new products or energy.
Can organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior reduce workplace deviance?
Authors: Abbasi Ali , Wan Ismail Wan Khairuzzaman , Baradari Fatemeh , Zureigat Qasim , Abdullah Fakhrul Zaman
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This manuscript investigates the impact of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behaviour and workplace deviance and examines the mediator effect of organizational citizenship behaviour between organizational justice and workplace deviance.Design/methodology/approach: This study utilizes a quantitative method to investigate four hypotheses using PLS3-SEM on 185 respondents from five research universities in Malaysia.Findings: Findings of this study reveal the positive impact of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behaviour and the negative effects of organizational justice on workplace deviance. Further, the study confirms the mediating effect of organizational citizenship behaviour between organizational justice and workplace deviance significate, especially in higher education. These findings will be helpful guidance for decreasing deviance and eventually increasing employees’ efficiency.Research Limitation: This research focuses on organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviour on workplace deviance. Future study should research some other unique factors relevant to reducing workplace deviance. Although data was collected only once and took almost two months, unequal distribution during the sixty days may affect the accuracy of findings. Future studies should collect data over a period longer than two months to analyze the different reactions of employees to managers’ decisions or behaviorsPractical implications: This study guides and supports managers and employees in putting organizational mechanisms towards improving organizational citizenship behaviors.Originality/value: These research findings expand knowledge on workplace deviance behavior by providing evidence for the different impact of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviour on workplace deviance.Keywords: Social exchange theory (SET), workplace deviance (WD), organizational justice (OJ), human resource (HR), organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB).
Frailty and Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health: Algorithm Refinement and Pattern Validation
Authors: Lu Sheng-Chieh , Mathiason Michelle A. , Monsen Karen A.
Published: March 2022

Existing frailty and social and behavioral determinants of health (SBDH) algorithms were refined and used to examine SBDH and frailty groups, revealing patterns in interventions and outcomes of older adults in a large community-based care data-set. The dataset was randomly split into training (
n
= 2,881) and testing (
n
= 1,441) sets. The training set was used to visually identify patterns in associations among SBDH, frailty, intervention doses, and outcomes, and the testing set was used to validate the patterns. Seven valid patterns were identified, showing increases in SBDH and frailty were associated with poorer health outcomes and more interventions (all
p
< 0.01). Findings suggest that the refined SBDH and frailty algorithms facilitate the identification of older adults with SBDH and frailty for intervention tailoring. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(4), 41–48.]
Utility of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Muscle Aplasia
Authors: Kaur Savleen , Vyas Sameer , Singh Ashok Kumar , Sukhija Jaspreet
Published: March 2022

Congenital absence of the extraocular muscles is a relatively rare entity that is diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging and is usually associated with craniofacial syndromes, microcornea, microphthalmos, and coloboma. The authors describe anterior segment optical coherence tomography as a quick and valuable modality in this setting before subjecting the patient to magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2022;59(2):e20–e22.]
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Orbit in a 5-Month-Old Infant
Authors: Gupta Rohun R. , Trinh Minh , Mechel Elzbieta , Rodgers Rand , Kodsi Sylvia , Schwartzstein Hal , Hymowitz Maggie , Williamson Alex K.
Published: March 2022

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are mesenchymal neoplasms composed of spindle cells and inflammatory infiltrate. The authors describe a 5-month-old infant with orbital inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, the youngest patient currently reported in the literature. The histo-pathology, orbital apex location, and patient's age led to a chemotherapy-driven treatment using crizotinib with near-complete resolution of the tumor.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2022;59(2):e25–e28.]
On spectral numerical method for variable-order partial differential equations
Authors: Shah Kamal , Naz Hafsa , Sarwar Muhammad , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: March 2022

In this research article, we develop a powerful algorithm for numerical solutions to variable-order partial differential equations (PDEs). For the said method, we utilize properties of shifted Legendre polynomials to establish some operational matrices of variable-order differentiation and integration. With the help of the aforementioned operational matrices, we reduce the considered problem to a matrix type equation (equations). The resultant matrix equation is then solved by using computational software like Matlab to get the required numerical solution. Here it should be kept in mind that the proposed algorithm omits discretization and collocation which save much of time and memory. Further the numerical scheme based on operational matrices is one of the important procedure of spectral methods. The mentioned scheme is increasingly used for numerical analysis of various problems of differential as well as integral equations in previous many years. Pertinent examples are given to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the method. Also some error analysis and comparison with traditional Haar wavelet collocations (HWCs) method is also provided to check the accuracy of the proposed scheme.
The gossip paradox: Why do bacteria share genes?
Authors: Jamieson-Lane Alastair D. , Blasius Bernd
Published: March 2022

Bacteria, in contrast to eukaryotic cells, contain two types of genes: chromosomal genes that are fixed to the cell, and plasmids, smaller loops of DNA capable of being passed from one cell to another. The sharing of plasmid genes between individual bacteria and between bacterial lineages has contributed vastly to bacterial evolution, allowing specialized traits to 'jump ship' between one lineage or species and the next. The benefits of this generosity from the point of view of both recipient cell and plasmid are generally understood: plasmids receive new hosts and ride out selective sweeps across the population, recipient cells gain new traits (such as antibiotic resistance). Explaining this behavior from the point of view of donor cells is substantially more difficult. Donor cells pay a fitness cost in order to share plasmids, and run the risk of sharing advantageous genes with their competition and rendering their own lineage redundant, while seemingly receiving no benefit in return. Using both compartment based models and agent based simulations we demonstrate that 'secretive' genes which restrict horizontal gene transfer are favored over a wide range of models and parameter values, even when sharing carries no direct cost. 'Generous' chromosomal genes which are more permissive of plasmid transfer are found to have neutral fitness at best, and are generally disfavored by selection. Our findings lead to a peculiar paradox: given the obvious benefits of keeping secrets, why do bacteria share information so freely?
EVALUATION OF POLICIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION IN CHINA: AN IMPORTANCE-PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Gan Xiaolong , Liu Lanchi , Wen Tao
Published: March 2022

Prefabricated construction (PC) has been regarded as a critical approach to address the challenges confronted by the construction industry in achieving sustainable development. Despite the Chinese government having issued various policies to promote the development of PC, this field remains in its infancy, thus suggesting an unsatisfactory policy system. Few studies have been conducted on the policy evaluation of target stakeholders who are closely related to the policy goal. To fill this knowledge gap, this study innovatively adopts importance-performance analysis to evaluate the policies on PC development with reference to the policy framework, including environmental, demand, and supply instruments. First, the explicit importance and perceived performance levels of policy instruments were investigated through a questionnaire survey conducted in Chongqing, China. Gap analysis indicated that all these policy instruments failed to meet the demand of target stakeholders. The implicit importance of policy instruments was obtained by using partial correlation analysis. Grid analysis revealed that the policy instruments can be divided into basic, key, excitement, and secondary factors, and finally, the most crucial areas of policy improvement were determined. The results of this study indicate different policy instruments were perceived with different importance in improving the policy system of PC development, and stakeholders showed heterogeneous needs of policy instruments of PC development. Generally, all the policy instruments were perceived as negative, and more attention should be paid to the policy instruments of infrastructure construction, technical development, talent support, economic incentives, public services, and guide information. This study confirmed the applicability of importance-performance analysis in policy evaluation and provided new insights into effectively improving the efficacy of policy system in promoting the development of PC.
INTRODUCTION OF NEW DAYLIGHTING METRICS FOR HEALTH, WELLBEING, AND FEASIBILITY: A STUDY OF THE INDOOR BUILDING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Lee Jaewook , Boubekri Mohamed
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the applicability of a new daylighting metric based on human health, an emerging framework for evaluating the effect of daylight on building occupants. Procedures based on modeling annual daylight availability are used to determine the mapping of daylight distribution on a daily, seasonal, and yearly basis. Literature review and experimental studies were performed to propose the new day-lighting metrics for health and wellbeing. The proposed metrics have two broad criteria, including daylighting level, timing, and duration. The two details are as follows: (1) 400 lux for 5 hours (2K lux·h) in the daytime; and (2) 500 lux for 1 hour (0.5K lux·h) in the early morning, 8AM–9AM. To verify the applicability of the proposed daylighting metrics to current buildings, sample buildings were selected and daily, spatial and seasonal differences were simulated through computer visualization techniques. Moreover, we evaluated the application of the daylighting metric on the building layout and compared the new daylighting metric for health and wellbeing with conventional daylighting metrics.
A COMPARATIVE LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF NEAR-ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS WITH A FOCUS ON ENVELOPE INSULATION
Authors: Moradibistouni Milad , Vale Brenda , Isaacs Nigel
Published: March 2022

Near-zero energy buildings are known to have the potential to reduce energy consumption and consequent emissions. This article uses a life cycle analysis approach to evaluate the effects of using different insulating materials on the lifetime energy consumption of a near zero conditioning energy case study house in Wellington, New Zealand, by assessing the environmental impacts of a number of insulation options. The question addressed is whether using thick layers of insulation with high R-values in a building envelope is always a reliable approach to mitigating the impact of the built environment on the planet. The results show no significant difference between the environmental impacts of insulating the house using polyurethane and using no insulation in the first 28 years. The further discussion shows the energy profile used for processing the materials, construction and operating the buildings are not always the same, and this has a significant impact on the building’s environmental footprint. There needs to be a balance between both the value and profile of building operating and embodied energy.

HIGHLIGHTS
BASICS OF BUILDING WITH MYCELIUM-BASED BIO-COMPOSITES
Authors: Ghazvinian Ali , Gursoy Benay
Published: March 2022

Mycelium-based composites (MBC) are biomaterials presenting renewable and bio-degradable alternatives for a wide range of design and manufacturing processes, including the building industry. MBC result from the incomplete growth of mycelium, fibrous root systems of fungi. They can turn urban and agricultural waste into high-end products. Existing research shows that MBC can reduce fossil fuels’ reliance and embodied energy and decrease building waste. Architects recently designed and built a wide range of experimental projects with MBC. In parallel, there is a growing body of work on MBC by scholars from different disciplines, such as mycology, material science, and mechanical engineering, focusing on assessing and enhancing the material properties of MBC for various applications.

In this paper, we first provide essential knowledge on the cultivation of MBC for architectural applications. Next, we analyze some of the prominent architectural prototypes with MBC to exemplify the architectural potentials of MBC and uncover the constraints and affordances of this biomaterial when used in an architectural context. Finally, we review and synthesize the existing literature on MBC from different disciplines providing a guide for architects to cultivate and enhance the material properties of MBC for architectural goals.
Distance Education in Higher Education
Authors: Castro Carolina Nunes , Carvalho Luísa Cagica , Moreira Sandrina B.
Published: March 2022

Distance education became a reality, increasingly based on higher education. The pandemic context (COVID-19) that devastated many countries and the whole world in general proved this reality and presented a different proposal in education and even in people's lives. It has changed the educational system, and there has been much discussion about e-learning and remote teaching in digital learning environments, yet they are quite different terms. This chapter aims to study what exists to date about distance learning in higher education, with a special focus on business administration courses. To get the full benefit of online learning, new strategies and learning methodologies are applied, and information and communication technology can play a fundamental role here.
Social Media and Cyber Security
Authors: Okocha Desmond Onyemechi , Agbele Damilare J.
Published: March 2022

The proliferation of social media in Nigeria has birthed new paradigms of communication and two-way interactions among friends, family colleagues, and business associates. It has equally morphed to become a channel for money generation among enterprising youth across the nation. It cannot be denied that the merits associated with this phenomenon called social media are enviable; however, it is also arguable that cyber security is a key factor to the enjoyment of these attendant benefits. This study is anchored on the protection motivation theory and the technological determinism theory. The study identified some cyber security risks synonymous to the use of social media in Nigeria. To remedy the situation, the study recommends that education and practical training in technological best practices in formal and non-formal school settings will help mitigate the inherent risks discussed. Also, initiatives should be taken by the government and organisations to curb this serious issue.
Gauging the Scale of Intertwinement
Authors: Jhamb Vinayak , Syali Manini
Published: March 2022

One of the critical features of automated biometric recognition applications is that, unlike traditional security systems, they do not solely rely on memory or knowledge-based features like passwords and thus provide protection and identification of an enhanced form. Bio-metric recognition systems instead weigh on pattern matching. They collect biological data from an individual using sensors and match the extracted discriminatory features from the input received with the already existing data in the system. Unique identification projects do not solely pose a danger from the side of the government authorities alone, and private players have also entered the game of misusing sensitive information of the users. It would thus not be wrong to state that privacy has indeed become a commodity to be sold off for monetary gains. However, the concept of “privacy” is a contentious domain, and debates pertaining to its scope continue.
Blockchain Technology Efficiently Managing Information and Cyber Security
Authors: Chatterjee Swarnendu , Qureshi Shifa
Published: March 2022

Any individual who utilises public services is appropriately stressed that, in spite of organisations' earnest attempts to secure their frameworks, criminals may still access government databases and steal or manipulate records. This chapter is an attempt to analyse blockchain technology and whether this technology is effective in supporting cybersecurity. Existing research in blockchain technology tends to focus on finding what this technology is and how it can be implemented for data protection. However, there is no special study on the effectiveness of this technology, regardless of whether it actually protects population data. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to outline the effectiveness of blockchain technology in protecting data and the factors that may affect the effectiveness of their solutions.
Il microbiota cutaneo e le sue interazioni con l’ospite
Authors: Pini Paola
Published: March 2022

Se gli anni ‘60 dello scorso secolo sono stati la pietra miliare nell’ambito del wound healing con la dimostrazione che la guarigione delle lesioni avviene in ambiente umido, l’inizio del 21° secolo è stato testimone di un notevole incremento di pubblicazioni, studi, ricerche sul rapporto microbiota-cute, microbiota-ulcera cutanea e microbiota-wound healing. Il microbiota cutaneo, ovvero l’insieme di microorganismi che colonizza la pelle dell’ospite, è intimamente correlato con la salute e la malattia cutanea. Il dialogo costante e specifico tra la flora commensale e le cellule cutanee, entrambe dotate di elevata competenza immunologica e che regola l’omeostasi cutanea e promuove il ripristino della barriera danneggiata, è completamente sregolato nelle ferite croniche. Come noto la guarigione delle ulcere è un processo complesso e molto organizzato, strettamente controllato dai diversi tipi di cellule della pelle attraverso la secrezione di fattori di crescita, citochine e chemochine. L’interruzione di questo processo impedisce il corretto ripristino della barriera cutanea e di conseguenza la ferita non guarisce e si cronicizza. Le ferite offrono l’opportunità alla flora residente e a quella ambientale di entrare nei tessuti sottostanti e trovare le condizioni ottimali per la loro colonizzazione e la loro crescita. Durante il normale processo di wound healing l’interazione dei microrganismi commensali con le cellule cutanee partecipa attivamente alla modulazione della risposta immunitaria innata; al contrario si sospetta che i microrganismi patogeni svolgano un ruolo sostanziale nel ritardare la guarigione delle ferite. In questa review verranno sinteticamente descritte le caratteristiche della cute come organo immunitario, le sue interazioni con la flora commensale, opportunistica e patogena, sia in condizione di omeostasi che in presenza di lesioni cutanee e, infine, accennate ipotesi terapeutiche future straordinariamente interessanti.
Preparation of TiO2-activated kaolinite composite for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye
Authors: O. Azeez Samsudeen , O. Saheed Ismaila , A. Adekola Folahan , S. Salau Shina
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT. Rhodamine B (RhB) is one of the prominent dyes discovered to be carcinogenic and mutagenic substance present in the ecosystem. Alteration of the characteristics of TiO2 through modification with clay influences the behavior of some organic molecules at its surface, and thus its photocatalytic properties. This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of RhB using TiO2-activated kaolinite composite (TiO2-AKC). TiO2-AKC was prepared in absolute ethanol and characterized using SEM, EDX, TEM, BET and FTIR. The photodegradation of RhB using TiO2-AKC at room temperature under visible-light was studied at various time intervals and the concentration of RhB was monitored using Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer. Characterisation of TiO2-AKC revealed an adequate distribution of TiO2 over the AKC surface, with an enhanced surface area (TiO2-AKC 808 m2g-1, TiO2 50.0 m2g-1, AKC 20.6 m2g-1) necessary for effective degradation. The degradation was efficient in TiO2-AKC than in sole TiO2 resulting in 99.51% and 88.35%, respectively. The experimental data was analysed using zeroth and first order kinetics, parabolic diffusion, and modified Freundlich model. The degradation kinetics conforms to first order kinetics in TiO2-AKC and sole TiO2. The mechanism of the degradation using TiO2-AKC fit into modified Freundlich model and parabolic diffusion model while sole TiO2 was best described by parabolic diffusion model.

               

KEY WORDS: Kaolin, Kinetics, Organic dyes, Photodegradation, Pollutants, Titanium(IV) oxide

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(1), 13-24.                                                                   

DOI:   https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i1.2
Number of comorbidities and their impact on perioperative outcome and costs – a single centre cohort study
Authors: Cavalli Loris , Angehrn Luzius , Schindler Christian , Orsini Niccolò , Grob Christian , Kaufmann Mark , Steiner Luzius A. , Schwenkglenks Matthias , Dell-Kuster Salome
Published: March 2022

AIMS OF THE STUDY: Multimorbidity is a growing global health problem, resulting in an increased perioperative risk for surgical patients. Data on both the prevalence of multimorbidity and its impact on perioperative outcome are limited. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification uses only the single most severe systemic disease to define the ASA class and ignores multimorbidity. This study aimed to assess the number and type of all anaesthesia-relevant comorbidities and to analyse their impact on outcome and hospital costs.
METHODS: This cohort study is nested in the ClassIntra® validation study and includes only patients enrolled at the University Hospital of Basel. Approximately 30 patients per surgical discipline undergoing any type of in-hospital surgery were followed up until hospital discharge to record all intra- and postoperative adverse events. In addition, the type and severity of all perioperatively relevant comorbidities were extracted from the electronic medical record according to a predefined list. The primary endpoint was the number of all anaesthesia-relevant comorbidities by ASA class. Using structural equation models, the direct and indirect effects of comorbidities on costs were estimated after adjustment for the ASA class and further relevant confounders and mediators.
RESULTS: Of 320 enrolled patients, 27 were ASA I (8%), 150 ASA II (47%), 116 ASA III (36%) and 27 ASA IV (8%). The median number of comorbidities per patient was 5 (range 0–18), this number significantly increasing with higher ASA class: 1 comorbidity (95% CI 0.0–2.0) in ASA I, 4 comorbidities (3.8–4.2) in ASA II, 9 (8.1–9.9) in ASA III and 12 (10–14) in ASA IV patients. Independent of ASA class, each additional comorbidity increased hospital costs by EUR 1,198 (95% CI 288–2108) with almost identical proportions of direct and indirect effects. The number of anaesthesia-relevant comorbidities also increased postoperative complications and postoperative length of hospital stay.
CONCLUSIONS: Multimorbidity in perioperative patients is highly prevalent and has a relevant impact on hospital costs, independent of the ASA class. Incorporating multimorbidity into the ASA classification might be warranted to improve its predictive ability and support adequate reimbursement.
The ClassIntra® validation study had been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03009929).
Mediator. Nowe spojrzenie na chińską misję generała George’a C. Marshalla
Authors: Polit Jakub
Published: March 2022

Mediator: A new look at general George C. Marshall’s Chinese mission General George Catlett Marshall, a soldier and diplomat, went down in history as the US secretary of state and the author of the famous Marshall Plan. In the years 1945–1947, he conducted a mediation mission in China which ended in a total fiasco. It is usually indicated that the reason for such a catastrophic conclusion was the inability to reach a compromise on the part of the Nationalist and Communist parties. The article points out that the actual goal of the Marshall Mission was to avoid America’s political and military entanglement in China. The Truman administration’s attention was focused on Europe. Real support for the KMT – which might have changed the outcome of the civil war – was not considered at all. The purpose of Marshall Mission was to provide an excuse to withdraw.
Reakcja na wielokrotne wykluczenie. Mobilizacja kobiet indiańskich w Kanadzie w latach 1968-1985
Authors: Nawrot-Adamczyk Izabela
Published: March 2022

Książka przedstawia intersekcjonalną analizę mobilizacji, strategii działania i osiągnięć ruchu kobiet indiańskich w Kanadzie w latach 1968–1985. Status kobiet indiańskich (determinowany przez płeć, klasę społeczną oraz przynależność do grupy rdzennej ludności Kanady) wpływał na możliwości i ograniczenia polityczne ruchu Indianek, jego działania i strategie mobilizacyjne, a także na wykorzystywane przezeń ramy interpretacyjne. Analiza ruchu ukazuje szereg zjawisk, takich jak przyczyny i skutki społeczne wielowymiarowej dyskryminacji kobiet oraz jego uwarunkowania etniczne, klasowe czy genderowe. Publikacja przedstawia także oddziaływanie historycznego już ruchu społecznego na współczesne zagadnienia związane z kwestią statusu indiańskiego w Kanadzie oraz na działania zbiorowe podejmowane obecnie przez kobiety indiańskie w tym kraju. Izabela Nawrot-Adamczyk eksploruje zjawisko dyskryminacji kobiet, które jest uniwersalne czasowo i przestrzennie, a więc możliwe do uchwycenia nie tylko w perspektywie czasu przeszłego, ale również teraźniejszego, pod różnymi szerokościami i długościami geograficznymi. Zjawisko wieloaspektowej dyskryminacji kobiet indiańskich w Kanadzie skupia w sobie, niczym w soczewce, jeden z kluczowych problemów współczesnych społeczeństw, którym jest dyskryminacja ze względu na płeć. Wydźwięk monografii, napisanej w sposób kompetentny i wnikliwy, a ponadto ugruntowanej badaniami empirycznymi, jest tym silniejszy, że prowadzona analiza dotyczy przypadku niezwykłego oraz wyrazistego, a jednocześnie opisywane zdarzenia i ich skutki odnoszą się do naszego życia codziennego. Z recenzji dr. hab., prof. UP Grzegorza Forysia
Bazı Tahılların Farklı Oranlarda Yem Bezelyesi (Pisum sativum L.) ile Karıştırılarak Silaj Kalitesine Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: GÜMÜŞTAŞ Mahmut , TURAN Nizamettin
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırma, bazı tahılların farklı oranlarda yem bezelyesi (Pisum sativum L.) ile karıştırılarak silaj kalitesine etkisinin araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Denemede bitki materyali olarak, Aslım-95 (çavdar), Yeniçeri (yulaf) ve Özkaynak (yem bezelyesi) çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, Siirt Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme alanında kışlık olarak 2019-2020 yetiştirme sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, yalın olarak %100 yulaf, %100 çavdar ve %100 yem bezelyesi ile %75 yulaf + %25 yem bezelyesi, %50 yulaf + %50 yem bezelyesi, %25 yulaf + %75 yem bezelyesi, %75 çavdar + %25 yem bezelyesi, %50 çavdar + %50 yem bezelyesi ve %25 çavdar + %75 yem bezelyesi karışım oranlarından silaj elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada; silajların ortalama pH değeri 4.82, kuru madde oranı %29.48, ham protein oranı %10.59, asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (ADF) oranı %39.05, nötral deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (NDF) oranı %57.24, sindirilebilir kuru madde (SKM) oranı %58.47, kuru madde tüketimi (KMT) oranı %2.13 ve nispi yem değeri (NYD) 97.69 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak fiziksel ve kimyasal açıdan %75 yem bezelyesi + %25 tahıl karışımının en iyi sonucu veren karışım olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.