bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kadar Kafein dalam Sampel Kopi Instan dan Minuman Berenergi Menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Authors: Fitri Novita Cahyani , Pratiwi Yussi
Published: May 2024

Abstrak
Analisis kadar kafein dalam sampel menggunakan HPLC telah dilakukan. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar kafein yang ada dalam sampel berupa kopi instan dan minuman berenergi serta membandingkannya dengan persyaratan SNI yang ada. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pembuatan fasa gerak, preparasi larutan standar, serta preparasi sampel. Hasil yang didapatkan ialah kadar pada sampel-1, sampel-2, dan sampel-3 berturut-turut adalah sebesar 3,24256 mg/g, 3,07105 mg/g, dan 3,1861 mg/g. sedangkan pada sampel-4 dan sampel-5 sebesar 0,14149 mg/ml dan 0,1337 mg/ml dan semua sampel masih memenuhi SNI yang ada.
Kata kunci: HPLC, kafein, , kopi instan, minuman berenergi
Abstract
Analysis of caffeine content in samples using HPLC has been carried out. This analysis aims to determine the levels of caffeine present in the samples in the form of instant coffee and energy drinks and compare them with the existing SNI requirements. The methods used include preparation of the mobile phase, standard solution preparation, and sample preparation. The results obtained were the levels in sample-1, sample-2, and sample-3 respectively 3.24256 mg/g, 3.07105 mg/g, and 3.1861 mg/g. while in sample-4 and sample-5 it was 0.14149 mg/ml and 0.1337 mg/ml and all samples still met the existing SNI.
Keywords: caffeine, energy drink , HPLC, instan coffe
Analisis Kadar Silika Dioksida pada Sistem Pemurnian Air Kolam Reaktor Serba Guna G.A. Siwabessy dengan Spektrofotometer UV-VIS
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Utomo Setyo Budi , Ramadhina Davina Nur
Published: May 2024

Abstrak
Reaktor Serba Guna G.A. Siwabessy (RSG-GAS) adalah reaktor riset yang menggunakan air sebagai pendingin. Air pendingin reaktor berfungsi sebagai moderator dan media pemindah panas yang timbul sebagai akibat terjadinya reaksi fisi dalam teras reaktor. Air sebagai pendingin akan berhubungan langsung dengan material komponen atau struktur reaktor, sehingga memungkinkan akan terjadi reaksi kimia antara air dan material komponen atau struktur reaktor yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya korosi atau timbulnya kerak pada permukaan logam sehingga menurunkan efisiensi pertukaran panas. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan pengamatan kadar silika dioksida (SiO2) dalam sistem pemurnian air kolam reaktor dan air sistem penyedia air bebas mineral yang digunakan sebagai pasokan air pendingin reaktor. Dari hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kadar SiO2 pada sistem pemurnian air kolam reaktor cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 17,02 ppm. Kadar SiO2 yang tinggi pada sistem pemurnian air kolam reaktor berasal dari sistem penyedia air bebas mineral dan air baku PAM Puspiptek. Kadar SiO2 pada sistem air bebas mineral dapat berkurang setelah dilakukan regenerasi resin kation-anion dan resin mixed bed. 
Kata kunci: silika dioksida, siwabessy (RSG-GAS), spektrofotometer UV-VIS
Abstract
The G.A. Siwabessy Multi-Purpose Reactor (RSG-GAS) is a research reactor that uses water as a coolant. Reactor cooling water functions as a moderator and the media heat transfer of result of the fission reaction in the reactor core. Water as a coolant will be in direct contact with component materials or reactor structures, making it possible for chemical reactions to occur between water and component materials or reactor structures which can cause corrosion or scale to appear on the metal surface, thereby reducing heat exchange efficiency. In this research, observations were made of silica dioxide (SiO2) levels in reactor water purification system. The result of the study shows that the SiO2 level in the reactor water purification system are quite high, namely 17,02 ppm. The high SiO2 levels in the reactor purification system come from the mineral-free water system and PAM Puspiptek raw water. Silica dioxide (SiO2) levels in mineral-free water systems can be reduced after regeneration of cation-anion resins and mixed bed resins. 
Keywords: silica dioxide, siwabessy (RSG-GAS), spektrofotometer UV-VIS
II. Abdülhamid Döneminde Türkçe Öğretimi
Authors: Arıcı Ali Fuat , Günaydın Yusuf
Published: May 2024

Dünyanın en eski dillerinden biri olan Türkçenin öğretim tarihi, tespit edildiği kadarıyla oldukça yenidir. Yaklaşık iki asır öncesine kadar Türk çocuklarının aileden veya çevreden öğrendikleri düzeyde Türkçe okuma, konuşma ve dil bilgisi becerisine sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Türkçe öğretimi alanında 1850’li yıllara kadar yazılan eserlere bakıldığı zaman bu eserlerin büyük ölçüde yabancılara Türkçe öğretmek amacıyla kaleme alındığı görülmektedir. Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in tahta çıkmasıyla anayasayı (Kanun-ı Esasi) teşkil etme çalışmalarının başlaması dil sorununun, bir kez daha resmî çevrelerce tartışılmasını sağlamıştır. Anayasanın 18. maddesinde, Osmanlı Devleti’nin resmî dilinin Türkçe olduğu ve devlet hizmetine girecekler için bu dilin bilinmesi gerektiğine dair hüküm (1876), Tanzimat döneminden önce ve Tanzimat döneminde Sarayın ve aydınların dil üzerine yapmaya çalıştıkları bazı reformlara resmiyet kazandırmıştır. Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in devletin resmî dilini Türkçe yapması Türkçe öğretimi sürecinin seyrini değiştirmiştir. Türkçenin resmî dil kabul edilmesi, Türkçe ile ilgili gramer kitaplarının sayısının artması ve okullarda Türkçenin müfredatta yerini alması hem Türklerin kendi ana dillerini öğrenmesini hem de yabancıların Türkçeyi önemsemesini sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Sultan II. Abdülhamid döneminde Türk çocuklarına Türkçe öğretimi konusu ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın kapsamı dolayısıyla azınlık okullarındaki Türkçe öğretimi çalışmaları ile yabancıların kendi toplumlarına Türkçe öğretme faaliyetlerine yer verilmemiştir. 1876-1909 yılları arasını kapsayan süreçte ana dili olarak Türkçe öğretimi alanında yaşanan gelişmeler ve kaydedilen ilerlemeler incelenmiştir.
HOW DOES CSR STRATEGY IMPACT CORPORATE CASH POLICY IN EMERGING MARKETS? EVIDENCE FROM THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK
Authors: Polat Ali Yavuz , Tekin Hasan
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy on corporate cash policy in emerging markets, with a specific focus on the COVID-19 pandemic period. By analysing data from 7,731 firm-years across 30 developing countries during the period 2002-2021, the study finds that CSR has a negative effect on cash holdings. In other words, firms with lower CSR investment tend to hold more cash. However, an interesting finding is that the negative impact of CSR on cash holdings lost its significance during the COVID-19pandemic. This suggests that during this unprecedented period of economic uncertainty and disruption caused by the pandemic, firms with higher CSR were more inclined to hoard cash as a precautionary measure. In contrast, in normal times, the dominant motive for holding cash appears to be related to agency concerns. Furthermore, the study identifies countryspecific variations in the relationship between CSR and cash holdings. For instance, firms in Brazil and Saudi Arabia tend to use cash retention as a response to higher CSR, while firms in Argentina, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, Taiwan, and Turkiye exhibit the opposite behaviour, using higher CSR as a signal for reduced cash holdings. Additionally, the study sheds light on industry-specific differences in the relationship between CSR and cash holdings. Beverage, construction and material, industrial material, oil, gas, and coal, technology hardware and equipment, telecommunications service provider, and travel and leisure firms are more likely to use cash holdings as a substitute for CSR, while alternative energy and media firms show the opposite pattern, using higher CSR as a signal for reduced cash holdings.
OPTIMAL CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY DESIGN FOR EMERGING ECONOMIES
Authors: Syarifuddin Ferry
Published: May 2024

The growth of digitalisation presents the possibility for Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) to emerge as a secure and efficient payment method. However, despite the benefits, CBDC implementation needs to be adapted to the capabilities and needs of each country. This study uses meta-strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (meta-SWOT) analysis to assess the internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as the external opportunities and threats, to determine the most optimal CBDC design for emerging economies. In analysing internal aspects, CBDC allows for an efficient payment system, followed by a more effective monetary policy. Furthermore, the technology creates the possibility to boost financial inclusion and trace many illicit activities. However, to achieve that, high investment costs and privacy issues must be accommodated, followed by technological risks such as the digital divide and electrical outages. Turning to external aspects, growing technology, the network effect, enthusiasm for CBDC, and the impracticality of cash usage have become catalysts for CBDC development. Despite these opportunities, central banks should be wary of the threat of cyberattacks, quickening bank disintermediation, legal issues within their respective countries, and competition with private crypto companies. Altogether, the most optimal CBDC design in emerging economies is retail and wholesale coverage, interest-bearing (wholesale) and noninterest-bearing (retail) remuneration, account-based and token-based paymentsystems, a traceable degree of anonymity, hybrid architecture, a Decentralised Ledger Technology (DLT) ledger system, and domestic and cross-border scope. These results are supported by rigorous examination of global CBDC research and development.
Upwelling Enhances Mercury Particle Scavenging in the California Current Ecosystem
Authors: Cui Xinyun , Adams Hannah M. , Stukel Michael R. , Song Yiluan , Schartup Amina T. , Lamborg Carl H.
Published: May 2024

Coastal upwelling supplies nutrients supporting primary production, while also adding the toxic trace metal mercury (Hg), to the mixed layer of the ocean. This could be a concern for human and environmental health if it results in enhanced bioaccumulation of monomethylmercury (MMHg). Here we explore how upwelling influences the Hg cycling in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) biome through particle scavenging and sea-air exchange. We collected suspended and sinking particle samples from an upwelled water parcel and a non-upwelled water parcel and observed higher total particulate Hg and sinking flux in the upwelling region compared to non-upwelling region. To further investigate the full dynamics of Hg cycling, we modeled Hg inventories and fluxes in the upper ocean under upwelling and non-upwelling scenarios. The model simulations confirmed and quantified that upwelling enhances sinking fluxes of Hg by 40% through elevated primary production. Such an enhanced sinking flux of Hg is biogeochemically important to understand in upwelling regions as it increases the delivery of Hg to the deep ocean where net conversion to MMHg may take place.
Anais SimpOdonto 2023 - II Simpósio em Odontologia da FOA/UNESP
Authors: Alves Rezende Maria Cristina Rosifini , Salzedas Leda Maria Pescinini , Guiotti Aimée Maria
Published: May 2024

Caro(a) leitor(a),
A Faculdade de Odontologia do Campus de Araçatuba, UNESP realizou no dia 26 de novembro de 2022 o SimpOdonto 2022 “Simpósio em Odontologia da FOA/UNESP”, com o tema “Odontologia no Século XXI - Avanços em Materiais Dentários e Radiologia Odontológica”. O evento, além da apresentação de trabalhos acadêmicos, contou com Minicurso sobre o tema “Ortodontia Contemporânea: o desafio das novas abordagens”, ministrado pelo Prof. Associado Marcos Rogério de Mendonça do Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora da Faculdade de Odontologia do Campus de Araçatuba, UNESP. A relação mais direta entre a Universidade e a Comunidade é proporcionada pela Extensão Universitária, elemento de ligação entre as Instituições de Ensino Superior e os demais setores da sociedade, entendida como um processo interdisciplinar educativo, cultural, científico e político, que sob o princípio da indissociabilidade, promove a interação transformadora entre a Universidade e os demais setores da sociedade, na medida em que a Universidade se coloca como espaço singular para o debate, intercâmbio e compartilhamento de conhecimentos e experiências. O "II SimpOdonto - Simpósio em Odontologia da FOA/UNESP /Odontologia no Século XXI - Avanços em Materiais Dentários" coloca-se assim, como campo para a difusão de conquistas e benefícios, resultantes de produção científica e tecnológica, potencializando a interlocução e o intercâmbio, interligando/conectando a Universidade com a sociedade, realçando a relevância social do ensino e da pesquisa em sintonia com as demandas sociais, respeitando o compromisso social da Unesp, enquanto cria e recria conhecimentos, enquanto se mostra sensível e capaz de contribuir para a transformação da sociedade, enquanto integra e articula a vida universitária como um todo.
DESIGN THINKING
Authors: Goel Paridhi
Published: May 2024

Design and design thinking have been identified as making valuable contributions to business and management, and the number of higher education programs that teach design thinking to business students, managers, and executives are growing. However multiple definitions of design thinking and the range of perspectives have created some confusion about potential pathways. This paper examines notions of design and design thinking and uses these definitions to identify themes in higher educational programs. We present the findings from an initial exploratory investigation of design and design thinking in higher education business programs and define four distinct educational approaches around human centred innovation, integrative thinking, design management and design as strategy. Potential directions for management education programs are presented.
RESULTS OF ROBOTIC ASSISTED VS CONVENTIONAL TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY AT 1 YR FOLLOW UP
Authors:   Associate Consultant, Apollomedics Hospital, Lucknow Former Senior Registrar AIIMS New Delhi M.S. Orthopaedics (MGM Medical College, Indore (M.P.)., Chhutani Devashish , Vatsa Abhinav ,   Clinical Associate, Apollomedics Hospital Lucknow DNB Orthopaedic Surgery., Sohail Siddique Mohammed ,   Fellow Arthroplasty and Arthroscopy, Apollomedics Hospital, Lucknow, DNB Orthopaedic Surgery, MNAMS.
Published: May 2024

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a prevalent condition among older individuals, causing significant discomfort and impairments in quality of life. Conventional total knee arthroplasty (COTKA) is a common treatment, but issues such as inadequate soft tissue balance and prosthesis misalignment can impact outcomes. Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RATKA) has emerged as a potential solution, offering enhanced precision in prosthesis placement. While observational studies suggest benefits, comprehensive reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are lacking. This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating the clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes of RATKA compared to COTKA in adult patients with primary knee OA. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a specialized orthopedic center, involving patients diagnosed with symptomatic knee OA eligible for total knee replacement (TKR). Patients were allocated to either conventional TKR (Group A) or robotic-assisted TKR (Group B). Outcome measures included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, Knee Society Score (KSS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), patient satisfaction, and quality of life assessments. Radiological outcomes were assessed using standardized radiographs. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, group comparisons, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Baseline characteristics showed similar distributions between Group A (n=30) and Group B (n=30). Clinical outcomes demonstrated significant improvements over time in both groups, with Group B consistently outperforming Group A across all measures. Notably, Group B exhibited lower pain scores (VAS), higher functional scores (KSS), lower disability scores (WOMAC), higher patient satisfaction, and better quality of life assessments. Radiological outcomes also favored Group B, with improved mechanical axis deviation and component positioning. Conclusion: Robotic-assisted TKR demonstrated superior clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes compared to conventional TKR in patients with knee OA. These findings support the growing body of evidence favoring the use of robotic technology in TKR procedures, particularly for optimizing implant placement and alignment. Future research should focus on cost-effectiveness and long-term outcomes to further inform clinical practice and enhance patient care.
THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION ON THE SUCCESS OF ETHNIC ENTREPRENEURS IN HWANGE DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE
Authors:   Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe., Maviya Arnold , Mutero Jacqueline ,   Supply Chain, Insurance and Risk Sciences, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe.
Published: May 2024

The study explored the impact of entrepreneurship education on the success of ethnic entrepreneurs in Zimbabwes Hwange District. It uses a mixed-methods approach and a pragamatism perspective, involving 216 participants. The results reveal varied opinions on the relationship between education and entrepreneurship success. The study suggests continuous evaluation and enhancement of entrepreneurship education programs to address unique challenges faced by ethnic entrepreneurs. Further research is needed to improve understanding.
Legal Cooperation of Kazakhstan with the BRICS Countries on the Production and Operation of Medical Electric Vehicles with Artificial Intelligence Technologies
Authors: Yelegen А. Y. , Sarsembayev М. А.
Published: May 2024

This scientific article is devoted to the study and analysis of legal relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the BRICS countries in the field of the production and operation of medical electric vehicles with artificial intelligence technologies. Particular attention is paid to legislative measures that promote the formation and development of a new industrial sector, such as the production of medical electric vehicles with artificial intelligence technologies. The research uses a number of methods, including studying empirical data, comparative legal analysis, synthesis, generalization, and scientific forecasting. The article proposes legislative measures to solve the problems facing the medical electrical machinebuilding industry and the unmanned medical electric vehicle industry, as well as the difficulties of integrating automation and digitalization into the production process of transportation plants in Kazakhstan and the BRICS countries. In the order of forecasting, the authors propose the adoption of several laws that are relevant to the issue under consideration. These proposals include the signing of new international cooperation agreements between Kazakhstan and the BRICS countries aimed at the introduction of digitalization at machine-building plants in Kazakhstan for the production of medical electric vehicles equipped with artificial intelligence technologies.
The Eurasian Tiger: How Deep Are its Claws?
Authors: Shaik-Peremanov N.
Published: May 2024

The Shanghai Corporation Organisation arose from a set of desired ideals in the Eurasian region bolstered primarily by countries such as Russia and China. With diverging cultural, political, religious, and economic values, the security and economic values were primate on the Organisation’s Agenda giving way to the formation of a strong regional alliance that grew from a five Member State Organisation. Within the Organisation, the ideals of human security, regional security, information sharing and economic development with cooperation find common ground. Though challenged differing values, the work traverses the historical, legal, and other journeys to one that has successfully found its way into the international arena with the likes of the United Nations. This paper reviews the work.
Digital Financial Assets: Concept and Legal Nature
Authors: Efimova L. , Sizemova О. , Chub D.
Published: May 2024

Tokens and other digital technologies, in essence, can be considered neither property nor objects of civil law, nor are they inherently a part of civil rights per se. These technical solutions acquire a corresponding legal status only when they become an object of such legal relations. When this occurs, they are considered digital assets and are consequently subject to legal regulations. The legal nature of tokens is amatter of much dispute: some define them as objects of civil law, while others view them as a means to confirm the rights to a legal object. This article aims to prove that tokens can serve both functions. In most cases, tokens serve as a means of confirming rights to certain tangible objects (for instance, tokens as a means to secure civil rights). In this function, tokens for cryptocurrencies and digital securities, however, become legal objects in and of themselves because they play a part in legal relations (that is, tokens serve as a legal object). Tokens can be objects of absolute and relative rights. The common law doctrine treats an absolute right to cryptocurrencies and digital securities as a property right. Continental law, on the contrary, cannot include them in the property rights category since property within this legal framework is always tangible. Digital assets, however, are intangible. Therefore, they are not property. This article suggests that digital assets are objects of a new absolute right that is similar to property rights, except for one distinction: an object is not necessarily a thing. Based on the authors’ concept, this new right can be referred to as an absolute digital right.
Legal Analysis of Related Party Transactions in the BRICS Countries
Authors: Brahma К.
Published: May 2024

Legal literature in the past has often debated whether concentrated corporate ownership (i.e. sizeable corporate conglomerates and corporate enterprises owned by business families or the government of a State) in a relatively close market leads to a high volume of related party transactions between the corporations in the respective market. The emerging economies attract substantial foreign investment due to the rapid growth of their markets and the presence of large publicly listed companies. Concentrated ownership structures in these countries tend to result in the expropriation of resources by controlling shareholders for their personal enrichment. There has been a high corporate failure rate due to related party transactions, despite the adoption of regulatory reforms that promote transparency, accountability, and fairness. Listed companies in the BRICS countries are marked by concentrated ownership structures controlled by either a family or the State. Although there are differences in ownership structures as well as indications of agency problems in the United States and the United Kingdom, the BRICS countries have adopted the same legal strategies to prevent unfair or abusive related party transactions in their respective countries, such as the appointment of independent directors, independent audit committees, CEO duality, and disclosure requirements. This study seeks to conduct cross-country comparative research to assess the ways in which the BRICS countries have regulated related party transactions. Each of the BRICS countries has adopted different monitoring mechanisms to prevent abusive related party transactions, which will be examined in the course of this research.
Images of Corporeality in Law: The Experience of the BRICS Countries
Authors: Zorina А. , Yapryntsev I.
Published: May 2024

This article presents the authors’ approaches to understanding the concept of corporeality in its normative dimension. The purpose of the study is to conceptualize the images of human corporeality that exist in the system of legal regulation. Based on the idea that the research category is a representation of certain characteristics of the human body, the authors substantiate the possibility of using institutional and functional-activity approaches to analyzing human corporeality. Both of these approaches are based on distinct foundations, which include social institutions, fields of activity and functional purposes of the human body. The common basis for the two approaches lies in the biosocial component, which is considered one of the defining characteristics of an image of corporeality. Depending on the approach used, the authors propose three classifications of images of corporeality: private and public, collective and individual and normal and abnormal. Regulatory practices that are aimed at consolidating these images of corporeality are analyzed within the framework of the current legal regulations in the BRICS countries. The authors conclude by noting that corporeality is a biosocial category that serves as the basis for legal subjectivity, while gaps in existing images of corporeality are the basis for its normalization.
Antitrust Law in the BRICS Countries: A Review and Critique
Authors: Kumar N.
Published: May 2024

A growing trend shows that global economic power is shifting away from the United States and Europe and towards the BRICS nations. The BRICS nations are predicted to hold the dominant position in the world by 2050. The rapid development of these economies and their markets is also raising a serious concern for the national antitrust enforcement authorities of the BRICS countries in their respective jurisdictions. This study attempts to examine the effectiveness of antitrust law, with a special focus on new developing trends in each of the BRICS jurisdictions. In addition, the study examines the proposed changes and limitations of the Indian Competition (Amendment) Bill 2022. The study reveals that the national antitrust laws and their enforcement processes are not fully developed and in need of considerable changes. Furthermore, the study indicates that while the proposed Amendment Bill 2022 is a progressive step in the right direction, it fails to cover certain key areas of the digital era, requiring further modifications to anticipate future impacts of economic development. In conclusion, the author recommends some points for effective policymaking, along with their future implications.
ISRAEL'S APPROACH TO LIMITATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF COOPERATION WITH CHINA, JAPAN AND INDIA
Authors: Iakimova E. A.
Published: May 2024

The article focuses on the specifics of the Israeli mechanism of foreign investments control that was created primarily under the influence of the political will of Israel's main global partner, the United States, but not on the basis of the country’s economic interests. The author considers the course of negotiations between the government of B. Netanyahu and the administration of D. Trump on the formation of an advisory committee for foreign investment approval, its goals, objectives and directions of work, as well as the differences from the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS). The cases of China, Japan and India are consistently analyzed. The choice of these examples is motivated by both by the level of their business activity in Israel and the dynamics of contacts with the United States, which forces the White House to support or hinder their cooperation with its Middle Eastern partner. The author comes to conclusion that the Israeli government did not completely repeat the American experience of control over foreign investment, although it is moving towards tightening this practice. The study shows that that the main focus of the Israeli advisory committee since its creation in 2019 has been transactions with China, while relations with representatives of Japan and India have particularly no restrictions.
MECHANISMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITIES IN THE URALS FEDERAL DISTRICT IN THE CONTEXT OF SANCTIONS RESTRICTIONS
Authors: Krasnykh S. S.
Published: May 2024

The Ural Federal District (UrFO) is one of the most important economic administrativeterritorial units of the Russian Federation. The main branches of specialization of the Ural Federal District are oil and gas production, mining, metallurgy and mechanical engineering. In recent years, the region has faced significant difficulties due to economic sanctions imposed by Western countries. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to analyze the foreign trade activities of the Ural Federal District and develop mechanisms for its development. The tasks of the Ural Federal District include to determine the trade structure, main consumers and suppliers in order to identify the most affected sectors of foreign trade activities from the imposed sanctions; to develop mechanisms for the development of foreign trade activities of the Ural Federal District in relation to each of the regions that make up it. The study revealed that in 2021 the Ural Federal District's foreign trade relations were mainly with unfriendly countries, which currently restrict exports and imports of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the peculiarities of the region, the author proposed the following mechanisms for the development of foreign trade activities of the Ural Federal District: export diversification, orientation to hightech industries, development of transport and digital infrastructure, promotion of small and medium-sized export-oriented enterprises, state support.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CROSS-INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF ENERGY SAVING PROGRAMS IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF BUILDINGS
Authors: Budakov A. S.
Published: May 2024

This article is devoted to the study of the possibility of energy saving of buildings. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that the role of efficiency of energy saving programs is currently growing. The novelty of the research lies in the development of methodology and new approaches for the analysis of energy saving. The author suggests cross-industry indicators of strategic management of energy saving programs. They can provide analysis of a wide range of useful information to confirm the costs of investment, operation and efficiency of a project. Information modeling of buildings is used as the basis of the research in the article. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the author has developed cross-sectoral indicators of strategic management of energy saving programs. The author proposes a calculation of energy saving taking into account such new indicators as indicators in terms of replacement cost, indicators of power losses, environmental impact, reliability indicators. A methodology for assessing the impact of energy management solutions and the use of key performance indicators is proposed. The methodology consists of a preparatory stage and a two-stage assessment. It can be used to quantify specific aspects or objectives of a project, such as economic feasibility, environmental impact, reliability and quality of electricity. In the study, the author used general scientific methods of systematization and classification of data, methods of statistical processing and generalization, logical, comparative and system analysis, as well as mathematical methods.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE: CHALLENGES OF MODERN GEOPOLITICAL CONFLICTS
Authors: Smirnov E. N.
Published: May 2024

This article is devoted to the study of the relationships between modern geopolitical conflicts and structural and dynamic changes in modern international trade. The author notes the ambiguous impact of conflicts on international exchange, as a result of which trade models undergo significant changes. Geopolitical conflicts, which have changed the conditions for further participation of countries in international trade, have become a serious challenge to the current openness of markets. It is the superposition of several successive shocks (the Chinese- American trade conflict, the pandemic and the risks of deglobalization) that make the scenarios for the development of international trade uncertain even in the foreseeable future, since the very impact of conflicts on trade has become wave and cumulative. Conflicts will ultimately not lead to a reduction in trade relations between countries, but will only reformat them and modify them, which will likely have a negative impact on trade costs that will be associated with the restructuring of global supply chains. International trade in the future will become more fragmented and regionalized, but in the medium term it will restore its pre-pandemic dynamics. Trade policy will gradually adapt to increasingly frequent geopolitical conflicts, gradually moving away from the main established principle of international trade – liberalization, but without abandoning it completely.
ON SOME APPROACHES TO REGULATING DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Avdokushin E. F.
Published: May 2024

The dichotomy of development and regulation of digital ecosystems has attracted the attention of many theorists and practitioners over the past 10 years. The emergence and poorly regulated development of electronic platforms and ecosystems contributed to the formation of a new business model that did not fit into the coordinates of the legal institutions of the functioning of the traditional economy. In the process of their expansion, digital platforms have demonstrated a number of advantages over traditional business models, while simultaneously increasing their fundamental disadvantages. The article reveals the causes of the emergence and rapid development of digital ecosystems, the phenomenon of ecosystem's dependence. The pros and cons of ecosystem's functioning, the formation of their monopolistic essence, the violation of fundamental market laws, and the factors of their destructive influence on the modern economy, society, and consumers are analyzed. The main directions of activity of national regulators in the USA, the EU, and Russia are presented.
Overview of granular cell tumor general hospitals in Iraq over 11-years
Authors: AL-Kafaji Raid Razak Ali , Ali Thaer Kassim
Published: May 2024

Granular cell tumor are rare tumors from Schwann cells with clinicopathological feature results, which may be shown in both benign and malignant tumor. Several tumors commonly appear in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and skin.  This must be appropriately treated to avoid repetition or metastatic cancer lesions. The aim study is to search clinicopathological aspects of granular cell tumor diagnosed at different general hospitals in Iraq and to compare these findings with epidemiological findings from different governorates positions. The data was collected from different Iraq governorates in the mouth and tongue area from 2010 to 2020 years. Different parameters were displayed like age group, gender, topography, morphology and distribution of annual patients of the tumor. According to the available information about these characteristics, the inclusion criteria. The factor's frequencies were calculated from descriptive analysis of the data. A total (101) cases of granular cell tumor in mouth and tongue locations were found. (17) cases was the maximum value in the 2015 year and it followed by (15) cases in 2019 year as compared to other years. Baghdad governorate (95) cases have a greater number of patients than other governorates.
SUPREMO CONCILIADOR?
Authors: De Araujo Asperti Maria Cecília , Rocha Chiuzuli Danieli
Published: May 2024

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar os motivos que influenciam o encaminhamento de processos para a conciliação (e para mediação) pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal e qual o papel que as vias consensuais têm desempenhado no âmbito da corte. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise empírica dos dados disponibilizados no “Painel de Acordos Cíveis” do Núcleo de Solução Consensual de Conflitos do Supremo Tribunal Federal, mediante uma análise qualitativa dos documentos processuais de cada caso. Constatou-se, em um primeiro momento, uma predominância de ações originárias envolvendo temas ligados a conflitos federativos, políticas públicas e outros temas com grande repercussão sociopolítica. Dentre as funções atribuídas aos mecanismos de conciliação e mediação, observou-se o seu uso na tentativa de contornar conflitos nos quais uma solução adjudicada implicaria uma interferência significativa do Judiciário no Executivo em termos orçamentários e políticos. Nos conflitos complexos e estruturais, a consensualidade se coloca como estratégia para abertura do diálogo com órgãos técnicos e setores políticos, ainda que com limitações no que diz respeito à participação social. Em casos de controle de constitucionalidade, verifica-se que a Corte submete à transação não a apreciação da constitucionalidade em si, mas sim de questões tangenciais e as circunstâncias conjunturais que levaram ao questionamento trazido pela via do processo constitucional.
TCU E A JURISPRUDÊNCIA DO STF
Authors: Rosilho André , Jordão Eduardo
Published: May 2024

O presente ensaio se propõe a analisar o complexo e nuançado diálogo entre a jurisprudência do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) e do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). Embora as suas decisões não possuam o mesmo peso jurídico das judiciais e sejam passíveis de revisão pelo Judiciário, o TCU, em certos casos, adota uma postura de "fuga" da jurisprudência do STF, através de três comportamentos distintos: desconsideração de decisões ainda não consolidadas; interpretação restritiva de certas decisões; e criação de motivos para não acatar decisões claras. O artigo examina exemplos concretos desses comportamentos como forma de compreender a postura do TCU em postergar a incorporação ou se esquivar da jurisprudência do STF nas suas decisões.
CAPAS PRETAS, UM ARSENAL DE LIVROS, A CONSTITUIÇÃO
Authors: E. C. Lynch Christian , Alves Pereira Wingler
Published: May 2024

O artigo analisa o discurso da autoridade do Supremo Tribunal Federal por uma perspectiva histórica, da Proclamação da República (1889) até a promulgação da Constituição de 1988. A partir de decisões do Supremo consideradas como de alta política e da história do pensamento político-constitucional brasileiro relacionado à função política da Suprema Corte, o artigo adota como variável o fato de que a autoridade do Supremo Tribunal Federal influencia e influenciou a composição político-constitucional dos poderes ao longo do tempo histórico. Em relação aos marcos teórico-metodológicos, o trabalho é pautado nas discussões sobre o poder moderador no país e emprega os métodos da morfologia das ideologias políticas de Michael Freeden e da história filosófica do político de Pierre Rosanvallon. O artigo aponta em suas conclusões que o discurso da autoridade do Supremo está conectado tanto com o contexto mais democrático ou mais autoritário de cada época, quanto às diferentes definições que cada vertente ideológica e o pensamento político-constitucional brasileiro têm do significado da autoridade do Tribunal.
DIREITO DO TRABALHO, PRECEDENTES E AUTORIDADES DO STF
Authors: De Quintana Figueiredo Pasqualeto Olívia , Pereira Barbosa Ana Laura
Published: May 2024

Em 2023, ganhou evidência um suposto embate entre a Justiça do Trabalho (JT) e o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), especialmente em relação à terceirização e a outros tipos de contratação de trabalhadores. De um lado, existe uma narrativa de que a Justiça do Trabalho ignora o que já foi decidido pelo STF quando tratou de terceirização de atividade-fim. De outro lado, uma segunda narrativa indica que a Justiça do Trabalho não está desrespeitando, mas julgando casos que são diferentes dos precedentes firmados. Diante desse cenário, este texto objetiva compreender qual das duas narrativas mais se aproxima da realidade. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de caso a partir do Tema 725 da repercussão geral do STF, que tratou da constitucionalidade da terceirização de atividade-fim. Também foram analisadas reclamações constitucionais julgadas pelo STF entre Janeiro e Agosto de 2023, que buscavam assegurar a autoridade do tribunal no tocante a tal precedente. Os resultados dessa investigação são apresentados neste texto, organizado em quatro partes principais: a primeira, em que se discute a noção de precedente; a segunda, em que se analisa os fundamentos que embasaram o julgamento do Tema 725; a terceira, dedicada ao exame das reclamações constitucionais relacionadas ao tema 725; a quarta, que se debruça sobre os riscos para a autoridade do tribunal. Ao final, são apresentadas as conclusões, que indicam que o STF está se valendo de um mesmo precedente para casos muito diferentes entre si, indicando que é a segunda narrativa aquela que mais se aproxima da realidade.
ARGUMENTOS ORÇAMENTÁRIOS NA MODULAÇÃO DE EFEITOS EM MATÉRIA TRIBUTÁRIA
Authors: Piscitelli Tathiane , Furtado Costa Araujo Juliana
Published: May 2024

O artigo examina o papel de argumentos orçamentários em decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal em matéria tributária, com foco na modulação de efeitos do julgado. A análise concentra-se em recursos extraordinários repetitivos com repercussão geral, sem recorte temporal, e apenas nos casos em que houve modulação de efeitos e menção aos impactos financeiros da decisão. Em todos os casos estudados, verificou-se que o uso do argumento orçamentário sem conexão clara com o interesse social, que seria capaz de fundamentar a modulação de efeitos da decisão, bem como a ausência de avaliação crítica quanto aos impactos apontados pelo Poder Público. Ambas as constatações conduzem à conclusão pelo desvirtuamento dos critérios para a modulação de efeitos de decisões, além do impacto evidente na segurança jurídica. A despeito de não se tratar de pesquisa que contempla todas as decisões nas quais tenha havido a modulação de efeitos do julgado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, as conclusões contribuem para o debate sobre o instituto e o papel do tribunal na definição da política fiscal brasileira.
The influence of job satisfaction on retention of primary healthcare professionals in Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Department of Management, MEASI Institute of Management, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Balaji S. G. , Charumathi D. ,   Department of Management, MEASI Institute of Management, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Ahmed M. Riaz ,   Department of Management, MEASI Institute of Management, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Appu A. ,   Department of Management, MEASI Institute of Management, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: May 2024

Stability among healthcare professionals is considered critical to providing excellent care. Job satisfaction has a significant impact on the productivity and efficiency of human resources in the healthcare industry. This cross-sectional study examined the job satisfaction and retention intentions of healthcare professionals in primary healthcare centers in Tamil Nadu. Convenience sampling was used to collect data from 334 respondents using a validated structured questionnaire. The empirical research revealed that their work values were the most significant predictor of job satisfaction among PHC employees. On the other hand, time pressure had the least significant relationship with PHC employee satisfaction. The findings indicate that targeted interventions to enhance health workers' job satisfaction, reduce stress, and increase positive work values are essential to creating a positive work environment and increasing job satisfaction. This study adds to the literature on job satisfaction and retention of primary healthcare workers in Tamil Nadu. We recommend that healthcare managers promote and enforce PHC workers' work values to keep them positive. Work values and PHC workers' satisfaction and intention to stay have received little research attention. One of the first studies to empirically examine quality improvement, time pressure, commitment, compensation, and work values as dimensions of job satisfaction among health professionals in Tamil Nadu Primary Health Care Centers.
Evaluating ChatGPT-4’s Accuracy in Identifying Final Diagnoses Within Differential Diagnoses Compared With Those of Physicians: Experimental Study for Diagnostic Cases
Authors: Hirosawa Takanobu , Harada Yukinori , Mizuta Kazuya , Sakamoto Tetsu , Tokumasu Kazuki , Shimizu Taro
Published: May 2024

Background

The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, particularly ChatGPT with GPT-4 (OpenAI), in assisting with medical diagnosis is an emerging research area. However, it is not yet clear how well AI chatbots can evaluate whether the final diagnosis is included in differential diagnosis lists.

Objective

This study aims to assess the capability of GPT-4 in identifying the final diagnosis from differential-diagnosis lists and to compare its performance with that of physicians for case report series.

Methods

We used a database of differential-diagnosis lists from case reports in the American Journal of Case Reports, corresponding to final diagnoses. These lists were generated by 3 AI systems: GPT-4, Google Bard (currently Google Gemini), and Large Language Models by Meta AI 2 (LLaMA2). The primary outcome was focused on whether GPT-4’s evaluations identified the final diagnosis within these lists. None of these AIs received additional medical training or reinforcement. For comparison, 2 independent physicians also evaluated the lists, with any inconsistencies resolved by another physician.

Results

The 3 AIs generated a total of 1176 differential diagnosis lists from 392 case descriptions. GPT-4’s evaluations concurred with those of the physicians in 966 out of 1176 lists (82.1%). The Cohen κ coefficient was 0.63 (95% CI 0.56-0.69), indicating a fair to good agreement between GPT-4 and the physicians’ evaluations.

Conclusions

GPT-4 demonstrated a fair to good agreement in identifying the final diagnosis from differential-diagnosis lists, comparable to physicians for case report series. Its ability to compare differential diagnosis lists with final diagnoses suggests its potential to aid clinical decision-making support through diagnostic feedback. While GPT-4 showed a fair to good agreement for evaluation, its application in real-world scenarios and further validation in diverse clinical environments are essential to fully understand its utility in the diagnostic process.
Study on One-Stop Student Community Education Management and Services in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Li Xiaobin
Published: May 2024

In the contemporary era of rapid advancements in information technology, the domain of higher education administration and services is also experiencing a new wave of transformation. Particularly concerning the management and provision of services to student communities, the limitations of traditional fragmented and departmentalized models are gradually becoming apparent. Against this backdrop, the emergence of a "one-stop" model for student community education management and services seeks to integrate a comprehensive range of support, encompassing academic guidance, psychological counseling, lifestyle amenities, and career planning, through a unified service platform. This model not only optimizes resource allocation and enhances service efficiency but, more importantly, significantly augments students' sense of attainment and satisfaction. Nevertheless, to realize this objective, universities must delve deeply into exploration and innovation across multiple dimensions, including administrative structures, information technology infrastructure, human resources, and student feedback.
An Analysis and Countermeasures of News Inversion in the Post-truth Era
Authors: Ye Manghan , Zhu Xiuli
Published: May 2024

In the digital age, the swift proliferation of the Internet and new media has led to the frequent occurrence of “news inversion”, significantly undermining societal trust and the credibility of mainstream media. Such news, often pivoting on social hot topics, garners extensive public attention and epitomizes the challenges of the “post-truth” era, where traditional journalistic ethics are under siege. This paper aims to dissect the roots and repercussions of news inversion and propose effective strategies to mitigate its widespread influence.