bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Approach of Efficiency Improvement in 10 dB Doherty Power Amplifier for 4G LTE and 5G Wireless Applications
Authors: Santhanam Suganthi , Selvan Palavesam
Published: May 2021

In this research article, the design procedure and comparative analysis of the 10 dB Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with single and double auxiliary amplifier for maximum efficiency has been presented. A new Doherty amplifier structure with parallel two
auxiliary amplifiers based on conventional design having optimum value of load resistance of 3.162 ohm has been proposed with higher efficiency of 85.803% and analyzed with n-tone sinusoidal signal. The proposed Doherty power amplifier can achieve drain efficiency of 83.299% & with single and 85.803% with dual auxiliary amplifier at the output power back, off of 10 dB from the saturated power point. The simulated outputs are matched with mathematically derived design values. The simulated n-tone time response shows that the proposed design of DPA can able to handle different modulation standards at different frequencies with compatible structure.
Performance Evaluation of SDR Blade RF using Wide-band Monopole Antenna for Spectrum Sensing Applications
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed , Ali Wael , Aboushady Hassan
Published: May 2021

A spectrum-sensing algorithm is used to detect the available and the occupied frequency bands. The wideband antenna design approach is used for a microstrip fed monopole antenna that can be used for various wireless technologies such as GSM, UMTS, LTE, and WiFi operating at different frequencies from 1.25 to 3 GHz. The antenna is constructed from two copper layers of rectangular radiator and a partial ground plane. These layers are printed on an RO4003 substrate with dimensions 60 x 80 mm2. The antenna is experimentally fabricated to verify the simulation predictions and good matching between simulated and measured results is achieved. The wide-band antenna is tested by connecting it to the receiver of the Blade-RF Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform. A matlab script is then used to control the SDR board and to perform Spectrum Sensing
for Cognitive Radio Applications.
A MIMO Antenna with Enhanced Gain using Metasurface
Authors: Nguyen Lan
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes a new metasurface to improve gain for dipole antenna. The antenna includes two sets of two elements (1 x 2), the integrated J shaped baluns, five metasurface cells (each metasurface cell consists of 5 periodic metallic plates printed on a thin low-cost FR4 substrate) for four antenna elements and the antenna is supplied by two T-junction power dividers. The metasurface is designed to operate as reflection surface. The antenna is designed based on RT5880 and witnesses an overall size of 140 x 37 x 35.075 mm3 (2.7λ x 0.71λ x 0.67λ at 5.8 GHz), an isolation of approximately 28 dB, a peak gain of 9.5 dBi, and a radiation efficiency of 84%.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS - A SINGLE CASE STUDY
Authors: Sreenithya.M  , Neelakanta. J. Sajjanar  , Sowmyashree.U.P  , Gopalakrishna.G
Published: May 2021

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder caused by unknown factors. Which results in fibrosis of the skin, blood vessels, and visceral organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, heart, and kidneys. One among subset is referred to as diffuse cutaneous scleroderma and characterized by the rapid development of symmetric skin thickening of proximal and distal extremity, face, and trunk. When it affects on musculoskeletal system, the synovium in patients with arthritis is similar to that seen in early rheumatoid arthritis and shows edema with infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells. A 35-year-old house wife with this diagnosis came to OPD, which is managed by the principle of Amavata (diseases of connective tissue in Ayurveda) line of treatment. Vaitarana basti and Valuka sweda has done for 7 days with oral medication Vaishwanara churna ½ teaspoon with first morsal of food for 3 times. The QOL (quality of life) has been improved with in 7 days of treatment.
EMERGENCE OF PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS IN INDIA AMIDST COVID-19
Authors: Madhuri Prakash Kubal  , Archana Raman Belge
Published: May 2021

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected largest population of world in several aspects. The consequences of this pandemic are multidimensional. Developing countries like India, where health care system is already struggling with many problems, and sudden outburst of COVID-19 created major challenges in terms of public health management. During management of COVID-19 patients, in second most populous country of world, Indian health care system is overburdened. This has left impact on overall health care management of COVID-19 and non COVID-19 patients. Objective: To review the public health crisis created during COVID-19 in India. Method: Various articles and studies performed during COVID-19 related to health care management are referred to have critical review of COVID-19 situation, its management and public health care challenges. Result: In the process of containing COVID-19 spread and treatment various measures and guidelines has been adopted regarding health care like restrictions on hospitalization of other than COVID-19 patients, curtailing surgeries etc. Diversion of health care system to COVID-19 patients has affected essential health services like Immunization, ANC services, treatment for Non-communicable diseases. Conclusion: Preparation of health care system for future pandemic like conditions by instituting a regular audit at health care centres and hospitals has become necessary. Need of investing in infrastructure, effective planning and overall strengthening of primary health care services has been identified. It is foremost step to ensure their functioning during emergencies without affecting regular basic health services, which majorly contributes in population health.
THE ROLE OF SHAMAN CHIKITSA IN EKAKUSHTHA WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO PSORIASIS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Sushir Pavan Dnyandeo  , Umate Pooja Suresh  , Chawre Sushil Vilas
Published: May 2021

Skin diseases are increases day by day due to unhealthy food habits and life style changes. People are also very cautious about the skin problem because of skin is the mirror which reflects the harmony of internal functions of body. Any change in skin color disturbs the patient both mentally and physically. Psoriasis is chronic inflammatory, hyperproliferative skin disease. It is an autoimmune disease in which scaling and itching of skin present. Because of its recurrent nature the disease has remained a great problem. There is no definite cure for this disease till now. Modern medicine provides symptomatic relief but also has side effects in long course.

Here an effort was made to treat a sixty-four years old male diagnosed case of Plaque Psoriasis, by combined Ayurvedic regimen. The Ayurvedic diagnosis is considered as Ekakushtha which is a Vata Kapha predominant Kshudrakushtha. As the principle of treatment, all types of Kushtha will be treated with Samshodhana and Samshamana. In Covid pandemic, Shamana Chikitsa was preferably given for 45 days. PASI (Psoriasis area severity index) score was taken for assessment criteria. PASI score before starting the treatment was found to be 9.6 which decreased to 0.4 at the end of treatment. Also, significant improvements in subjective parameters were observed.

This case report showed that combined Ayurvedic modalities resulted in great improvement in overall condition of the patient with no recurrence in five months follow-up. Such a combine Ayurvedic modalities can be very useful in the management of Psoriasis and betterment of mankind.
AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY REGARDING VARIOUS AETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN VATARAKTA
Authors: Arya Archana  , Tripathi Sanjay Kr  , Shukla Shweta
Published: May 2021

Objective: The prime causative factors of Vatarakta are Vata Dosha and Rakta Dhatu which vitiates by their own different Nidana simultaneously and later on vitiates each other. This study mainly aims to assess the aetiological factors in Vatarakta patients and to identify the common causative factors that causes Vatarakta which are already mentioned in the Samhitas.

Methods: An observational study was conducted in Rishikul Ayurvedic Hospital among 30 patients. Data was obtained by assessing the diet and lifestyle related etiological factors of the patients.

Results: Majority of the patients (60%) were in the age group of 30-40 years. Most common Aharaj aetiological factors observed in this study were Katu Bhojan (60%) and Lavan Bhojan (67%) while Viharaj aetiological factors were Ratrijagrana (24%) and Achankramansheela (50%).  

Conclusion: It is concluded that life style and food habit changes are responsible for the disease Vatarakta. A proper wholesome diet and physical activity must be adopted to fight with this disease.
A RESEARCH ON PHARMACUETICAL PREPARATION OF TAMRA GARBHA POTTALI
Authors: Himabindu  , Ravi Chavan  , M.S.Doddamani
Published: May 2021

Ayurveda a science of life bloomed on its own concepts of health maintenance and curative aspects. One of the prenomial off shoot of Ayurveda is Rasashastra, an Indian alchemy. Pottali kalpana is a peculiar pharmaceutical dosage form, is unique in terms of its preparation, mode of administration, quick in action, less dose and easy for transportation. Tamra Garbha pottali (TMGP) is one such herbo-mineral-metallic complex formulation containing Tamra bhasma (T.B), Shodita Swarna, Hingulotta Parada and Shodhit Gandhaka. Among the different pharmaceutical methods, Gandhaka paka method is considered to be the best method to enhance the properties of the drugs and to keep them in a concise form.

Pilot study of 6 Pottalis was conducted to standardize the temperature required to do Pottali paka and to assess the Pottali siddi lakshanas like Vyoma varna of Gandhaka paka, hardness of Pottali and changes of silk cloth tied to the Pottali. The main study conducted in 2 batches on the standards made by the pilot study. Observations made on the time duration required for the study, temperature to be given to Paka, changes in the Gandhaka varna till attainment Vyoma varna noted. The Study gave standard pharmaceutical method of Pottali paka w.s.r to Tamra garbha pottali.
CONCEPT OF UDAVARTA (PRIMARY/SPASMODIC DYSMENORRHOEA) – AN AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Anisha A  , Amrutha B  , Shahina Mole S
Published: May 2021

Many women are familiar with the experience of spasmodic dysmenorrhoea, one of the commonest gynaecological conditions that affects the quality of life of many in their reproductive years.This condition manifested as painful menstruation, is the most frequently encountered gynaecological complaint and it can be included under Udavartha yonivyapat, caused by Apana vata vaigunya described in Ayurvedic classics. Nidana samprapthi and Rupa of Udavartha yonivyapat can well explain the etiopathogenesis and clinical features of Spasmodic dysmenorrhoea. “Arthave sa vimukthe tu tat kshanam labhate sukham” mentioned by Acharya Charaka substantiate the close similarity of Udavarta with Spasmodic dysmenorrhoea. Vegodavarthana leading to Pratiloma gati of Apana vata and rajas is the pathology behind Udavartha yonivyapath. So treatment should aim at the relief of pain by normalising the direction of menstrual flow which in turn is by normalising the vitiated Apana vayu. The present paper is aimed at incorporating all the references regarding Udavartha including Nidana panchakas from Ayurvedic classics and tried to give an Ayurvedic view to the concept and postulated theories on spasmodic dysmenorrhoea.
REVIEW ON NASA ROGA (NASAL DISEASES) IN AYURVEDA MEDICINE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PINASA (CATARRH) IN SRI LANKAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
Authors: Nanayakkara Vidanagamage Yasangi Diloopa  , E.D. Thanuja Priyangani Gunarathna
Published: May 2021

Pinasa (Catarrh) is an inflammatory disease of respiratory mucosa accompanied by sneezing, cough, headache, rhinorrhea, itching in throat and eyes. This cascade challenges the management of the disease and ultimately leads to negative impact to quality of life of the patient. At present, intervention strategies have been implemented in the management based on the herbal formulae with the light of Sri Lankan traditional medicine (SLTM). The study is focused to compile this scattered indigenous knowledge on Pinasa and compare them with the findings of Ayurveda medicine to explore the diagnosis and management gaps in both Ayurveda and SLTM. Data collection was done through documentary surveys, interviews and observations. The study revealed that the Pinasa has been considered as collective phenomena of Pratishyaya, Dushta Pratishyaya and Apinasa in Ayurveda medicine. Similarities has been found in etiology, clinical features and treatments stratergies in SLTM and Ayurveda medicine but types of the disease are varying. Pinasa was classified into 12 and 19 sub types in SLTM while 05 sub types of Pratishyaya have been described in Ayurveda medicine. Snehana (oleation), Swedana (fomentation) and Nasya (inhalation) were mentioned as external treatment modalities in Ayurveda medicine while same regimn are mentioned in SLTM but in different medical terminologies. Decoctions, pills, Kalka, Choorna and porridge were administered as internal remedies in both the medical system with different formulae while Nidana Parivarjana and Patyapatya Sewana considered as preventive measures. It can be concluded that the knowledge on Pinasa in SLTM is crucial important to conduct further research studies to find effective management along with novel preparation for Pinasa.
EFFECT OF SHWETHA PARPATI IN UNCOMPLICATED LOWER URINARY TRACT E.COLI INFECTION - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Ratna Prava Misra  , Krishnakumar K
Published: May 2021

UTI is one of the most common infections which is faced by women in this era. Even though the pathogens like bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoans etc are causing the infection, E.coli is the predominant bacteria causing UTI. If it is not treated in time it can cause organ damage. The symptoms of UTI are similar to the disease Mutrakrichra in Ayurveda. Even Though Antibiotics are helpful, the resistance of bacteria can increase and the options for treatment can decrease. It is observed that study of Swetha parpati gives good outcomes while treating the UTI caused by E-coli which is used by the Ayurveda community. A 42 year old female patient who was diagnosed as having Lower urinary tract infection caused by E-coli for the last 5 months. She was administered with the drug Shwetaparpati for 14 days, by using subjective and objective assessment criteria showed the significant outcome. ICD 10 CM-N39.0 is used for selection & assessment. Fever, Chillness, urgency, Dysuria, Lower abdominal pain with bacteriuria (E.Coli), and pyuria were the signs and symptoms. After the treatment symptoms vanished and on the follow up concluded that there was no presence of E. Coli bacteria.
Scientific Approach in Improving Science Learning Activities of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Students
Authors: HS Syamsidar , S Samsinar
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study aims to examine the application of scientific approaches in learning in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, classify the forms of learning activities of learners in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, and analyze the significant influence between scientific approaches to student learning activities in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Indonesia.
Approach/Methodology/Design: In this study, a mixed method is employed. The instruments in this study are observation guidelines, interview guidelines, questionnaire guidelines, and document analysis. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, documentation, and reference tracing. Data processing and analysis techniques are carried out in two ways, namely processing and analyzing data qualitatively and quantitatively, including descriptive analysis, and simple linear regression analysis.  
Findings:  The results of this study show that in general Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers have applied a scientific approach in science learning in accordance with the procedures contained in the thematic learning of 2013 curriculum. In terms of students' learning activities, science teachers have improved students' learning activities through visual, oral, listening, writing, drawing, motoric, mental, and emotional activities. The scientific approach employed has positively influenced learning activities with the regression value obtained at 0.436.
Practical Implication: The implication of this research is that systemic and systematic measures are needed in developing a scientific approach from the authorities with the provision of adequate facilities in order to implement it more optimally. Employing scientific approaches improve students’ learning process not only in Madrasah, but contributes to the development of scientific thinking can be done by parents in the family environment.
Originality/value: This research is useful for teachers in developing pedagogic and professional competencies.
Training Public Speaking and Presentation Skills for Rural Students on Online Platform: An Experimental Study
Authors: M.I. Ayesha
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This training programme aimed to improve the public speaking and presentation skills of the rural students. This experimental study sought to enhance the speaking skills and learning outcome of the students by bringing training modules, students and technology together. This paper highlights the challenges and findings of training rural students on “Public Speaking and Presentation Skills” and suggests some better ways for effective language teaching on online platform.
Methodology/Approach/Design: The study is of an experimental design. The sample for the experimental study was chosen based on the requirements and interests of the learners. Entry level proficiency test and exit test were conducted for the participants of the training programme. The performances of the target students were video recorded and analysed. Comparison was made to assess the level of improvement found in the target group.
Results: When students were taught the twenty strategies for public speaking, each learner came forward to present their speech but few students faced network issue which made their presentation not to sound good. During the exit test it is seen that there is a slight increase in the performance of the learners. In order to assure quality in E- learning platform there is a need for flexibility on the side of both learner and teacher.
Practical Implications: The study presents practical implications for teachers. The results of the study might be of use for handling speaking lessons for students of rural areas.
Originality/Value: From the trainers’ perspective, remote learning or virtual learning has become the current educational ultimatum. Teachers should be flexible to adapt virtual classroom than clinging on to the outdated methods used in a physical or traditional classroom.
OUTCOME OF TOTAL LARYNGECTOMY IN MANAGEMENT OF LARYNGEAL CANCER IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA
Authors: Nwogbo A , Osuji A E
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The larynx is the voice box responsible for voice production when air passes through it. The glottis is the commonest subregion of the larynx where malignancy occurs. Laryngeal cancer contributes about 25% of all head and neck cancers, and 2% of all cancers in the body. Laryngectomy is a surgical procedure done to remove the larynx, and a total laryngectomy is usually done in advanced disease. This study was aimed at highlighting the outcome of total laryngectomy done in patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 16 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer, out of which 12 subjects consented to and had total laryngectomy. The study was carried out in the ENT department of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital within the period of January 2002 and December 2019. Clinical records were obtained from the Medical records department of the hospital. Data obtained was presented in tables, figures and percentages.

Results: The study noted that all 16 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer were males, age range of subjects were 45-73 years, and only 12 had total laryngectomy because some patients were lost to follow-up after diagnosis. Pharyngo-cutaneous fistula was the commonest complication noted in this study and highest number of subjects had survival rate of 2-5 years.

Conclusion: Laryngeal cancer is treatable if diagnosed early, late presentation with advanced disease worsens prognosis and increases the predisposition to total laryngectomy. Advanced disease also increases the chances of residual tumour or tumour recurrence while decreasing survival rate following surgery. 

Recommendation: More enlightenment should  be carried out to improve awareness of laryngeal cancer and its treatment, this may improve early presentation to hospital. Ordinarily, treatment of cancer is financially cumbersome on patients paying out of pocket for healthcare. So the adverse effect of poverty on the management of cancers, can be alleviated if an established source of funding can be created by government to aid treatment of cancers.
Identification and analysis of shoreline changes over fishermen settlement along the coast of sungaibuntu and cemarajaya village, Karawang Regency, West Java
Authors: A. Ikhsani , P. Sudjono , M. Firdayati , M. Marselina
Published: May 2021

Shoreline changes, that occur along the coast, gives negative effects to the environment and also social-economic activities on the fishermen’s livelihood. Study about shoreline changes, its trends, and its causes are important for the development of economic and sanitation vulnerability assessment on fishermen community caused by shoreline changes. Thus, environmental sustainability criteria within the local scale and specific to fishermen community takes into account and the implementation of the instrument become more appropriate to reduce the undesirable effects.
This research aims to identifying and analysing shoreline changes trend and its factors over the fishermen settlement area along the coast of Sungaibuntu and Cemarajaya village, Karawang Regency, West Java. Data used in this study are Landsat-7 1999, 2002, 2007, and 2012 as well as Landsat-8 2017. To enhance Landsat-7 images, band 2-4-5 are used, meanwhile Landsat-8 employs band 3-5-6. Later, the shoreline was extracted by applying band rationing techniques, Band2/Band5 for Landsat-7 and Band3/Band6 for Landsat-8.
The rate of shoreline changes along the coast of Sungaibuntu is -0.15 m/yr and -2.89 m/yr along Cemarajaya. The periodic phenomena that affect shoreline changes consist of tidal range with a mean value of 0.796 m, significant wave height (Hs) of 0 - 2.9 m with the dominant direction heading to the southeast, and also sea level rise (SLR). Besides, there is an anthropogenic factor of land use and land cover changes as the significant feature shown by the managed system of ponds, cropland, farmland, paddy field, along with the settlement. As for the instrument development of economic and sanitation vulnerability on fishermen community, it is important to take shoreline changes rate and its causes into account and consider it as vulnerability criteria.
Analysis of impacting factors for soil-cement column combined high strength geogrid
Authors: Nguyen Thai Linh , Nguyen Duc Manh , Nguyen Hai Ha
Published: May 2021

Soil-cement column combined with geogrid on top or Geogrid Reinforced Pile Supported (GRPS), is used to construct structures on soft ground. Because of its high tensile capacity, the geogrid is spread on the top of the soil-cement column to form a soft transmission layer, increasing the capacity transferred to the columns, reducing a part of the load transmitted to the soft soil between the columns. The numerical analysis results of the GRPS with a high strength geogrid showed four major factors affecting transmission the efficacy of the column (Ef) and the tensile force of the geogrid including effective vertical load (v’); the ratio of the distance between the columns and the column’s diameter (s/D); the ratio of the elastic modulus of the soil-cement column to the deformation modulus of soil (Ec/Es); the tensile stiffness of the geogrid (J). The efficacy of the column (Ef) increases rapidly with an increase in effective vertical load (v’) from 0.23 to 0.44. In contrast, the transmission efficiency (Ef) decreases from 0.60 to 0.37 when s/D increased. When the ratio Ec/Es > 150 and J > 8000 kN/m, the tensile force of the geogrid tends not to change much.
Phân tích yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến trợ giá vận tải hành khách công cộng bằng xe buýt tại hà nội - sử dụng dữ liệu toàn mạng 2011-2019
Authors: Hà Thanh Tùng , Nguyễn Minh Hiếu
Published: May 2021

Trong những năm qua, trợ giá cho hoạt động vận tải hành khách công cộng (VTHKCC) bằng xe buýt liên tục tăng tuy nhiên khối lượng vận chuyển có xu hướng giảm. Điều này dẫn tới những nghi ngờ về tính hiệu quả của công tác trợ giá. Phương pháp trợ giá hiện đang được áp dụng là theo km. Cách thức trợ giá này nhìn chung không gắn với kết quả tài chính của hoạt động vận tải là doanh thu. Do đó trợ giá cho hành khách có thể là 1 phương pháp khác cần xem xét. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi tiến hành phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đối với trợ giá cho 1 km và 1 hành khách để tiến hành đối chiếu và phân tích. Ưu điểm của nghiên cứu này là sử dụng hồi quy thứ tự và dữ liệu toàn mạng trong 10 năm. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng sự ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố đối với trợ giá cho 1 km và 1 hành khách là khác nhau. Trợ giá theo 1 hành khách thể hiện mối tương quan mang tính logic hơn tuy nhiên cách thức thống kê hành khách, đặc biệt hành khách sử dụng vé tháng cần phải được cải thiện.
Phân tích đặc trưng ngẫu nhiên của tần số dao động riêng của ô tô với nhiều tham số ngẫu nhiên
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Thuần , Tạ Duy Hiển
Published: May 2021

Phân tích động lực học ô tô với các thông số ngẫu nhiên đã và đang là chủ đề được ưa thích nhiều năm qua vì nó có vai trò quan trọng trong độ êm dịu, an toàn ô tô và toàn bộ tính năng của ô tô. Nghiên cứu này, phân tích đặc trưng ngẫu nhiên tần số dao động của mô hình ô tô bằng cách tiếp cận phi thống kê. Phương trình dao động của mô hình ô tô có bốn bậc tự do được thiết lập bằng cách sử dụng phương trình Lagrange. Mô hình bốn bậc tư do được sử dụng để nghiên cứu ứng xử dao động tự do của ô tô với nhiều biến ngẫu nhiên. Giá trị trung bình và phương sai của các tần số riêng thu được bởi lời giải xấp xỉ bậc không và bậc nhất của phương trình dao động tự do có chứa biến ngẫu nhiên trong ma trận khối lượng và ma trận độ cứng của hệ. Phân tích ngẫu nhiên dao động cũng sử dụng phương pháp mô phỏng Monte Carlo (MCS) để kiểm chứng kết quả phương pháp phi thống kê. Những kết quả thu được của phương pháp phi thống kê và mô phỏng Monte Carlo hoàn toàn phù hợp.
Heavy Metal Content Screening in Leaves and Flowers of Hypericum montbretii Spach. by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: POTOĞLU ERKARA İsmühan , BERBER Asiye , SEZER Okan
Published: May 2021

Atomic absorption spectrometry facilitates the reliable determination of mineral content during pharmaceutical quality control of medicinal plants. In the present work, measurable amounts of Fe, Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn were detected in the leaves and flowers of Hypericum montbretii Spach. through atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean heavy metal content in the flowers and leaves of H. montbretii Spach. was, in descending order, Ca > Mg > K > Mn> Na. Ca was present in higher concentrations in the leaves (10252.75 ppm) and flowers (7321.94 ppm) of titled plant. Our results reveal that flowers are less suitable as target plant parts for metal accumulation than leaves.
THE IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS TEACHERS COLLABORATION
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas
Published: May 2021

It is obvious, that collaboration plays an increasing role among science and mathematics teachers. It is quite useful if different ideas on science and mathematics teaching are shared among teachers. Teachers have better opportunities to experience collaboration. The collaborative process supports the transdisciplinarity of science and mathematics teaching. Teachers are able to develop an understanding of how mathematics and science concepts can be taught in creative, playful and effective way.
The project MaT²SMc is implemented in the frame of EU Lifelong Learning Programme. The main idea of the project is to find a way to increase students' motivation to learn in the key subjects mathematics and science. From one side, mathematics teachers should understand that there is a meaningful and realistic context to use mathematics. From the other side, science teachers should understand that the mathematics competences required for more effective science teaching and learning. In such a context the collaboration of science and mathematics teachers is very relevant. Currently it is obvious that mathematics and natural science teachers‘ collaboration on integration purposes at school is limited by some factors. Collaboration of mathematics and natural science teachers should be expanded, for this purpose, it is necessary to create all necessary conditions and didactic providing (support). It is obvious, that collaboration of mathematics and science teachers is important for improvement of quality of natural science education.
Key words: collaboration, quality of natural science education, science and mathematics teaching.
Are local offices of emergency management prepared for people with disabilities? Results from the FEMA Region 9 Survey
Authors: Gershon, MHS, DrPH Robyn R. , Muska, EMT, MPH Michelle A. , Zhi, MPH Qi , Kraus, MPH, MCP Lewis E.
Published: May 2021

Objective: To assess disaster planning of local Offices of Emergency Management (OEM) with respect to people with disabilities (PWD).Design: A cross-sectional study of local OEM from Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Region 9 (N = 61) was conducted using an internet-based survey. The primary outcome was the adoption of emergency management recommendations by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and FEMA in applying Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Results: OEM implementation of ADA requirements was generally suboptimal. While 63 percent reported that plans addressed the needs of PWD, only 41 percent reported detailed operating procedures for PWD. Training of staff to ensure that they were knowledgeable on the ADA requirements for inclusivity was rarely conducted. While accessible shelters and transportation were often identified, accessible communication strategies, including emergency notifications, were often lacking; only 28 percent of OEMs reported availability of sign language interpreters at shelters. Shelters often allowed service animal access (62 percent), but fewer allowed access to personal assistants (39 percent). Engagement of the disability community, from plan development to community drills, was uncommon. While more than half (59 percent) of OEM felt clear about their responsibilities in providing equal access to PWD, only 23 percent reported having qualified staff and other resources necessary in order to meet those responsibilities. Participants cited the need for more training on the ADA requirements in order to better meet the needs of PWD. Conclusion: Strategies for improvement to assure inclusiveness of PWD in all phases of emergency management are needed.
Sheltering and quarantine measures for risks that threaten the village of Umm al-Nasr, Gaza Strip
Authors: Musalam, PhD Alaa M. A. , El-Ashgar, MD Nizam M. , Al-Agha, MD Muhammad , Abunamous, MA Raed E. S. , Abuhabib, PhD A. A.
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to analyze the risks that affect the Umm al-Nasr village (north of Gaza Strip), which include wars, floods, and the Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, which may require the emergency committee to identify places for sanitary isolation in the case of infection or provide shelters in the disasters such as wars and floods. A plan that contains procedures for managing the displacement of the citizens according to the type of the disaster and the suggested safe shelters were prepared. Individuals infected with COVID-19 are isolated in central places or their home. Responding procedures for the emergency committee in Umm al-Nasr municipality were prepared to deal with displaced people. A mathematical model was designed to simulate choosing a shelter for the citizens of this village depending on the type of crisis. The results showed the different conditions that may affect the displacement operation, such as the type of shelter, the allocated area, the number of displaced citizens, the type of disaster, and the required speed to reach the shelter. This study recommended advancing the capabilities of the community to confront risks and COVID- 19. Besides, perfect planning plays a significant role in saving lives, time, and effort. Therefore, it is needed to cooperate with the local authorities, such as municipalities, ministry of health, civil defense, and international institutions to implement a response action during disasters, and the necessity of closing residential areas and isolating them if new cases of COVID-19 appear.
Fear, history, stigma, and bias in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kupietz, PhD Kevin , Gray, MPH Lesley
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The greatest enemy of a global pandemic is not the virus itself, but the fear, rumor, and stigma that envelopes people. This article explores the context and history of fear and stigma relating to pandemic, summarizing key actions to mitigate the harms during an active pandemic.Method: Our article draws from accounts in literature and journalist accounts documenting the relationship between infectious diseases and major disease outbreaks that have garnered fear and stigmatization. Results: Fear, stigma, and discrimination are not new concepts for pandemics. These social effects run the risk of diverting attention from the presenting disease and government responses. Reactions to fear, stigma, and discrimination risk sabotaging effective efforts to contain, manage, and eradicate the disease.Conclusion: Emergency managers have an important role in dispelling myths, disseminating appropriate and evidence-based information without exacerbating fears. Knowledge about the roots of fear and bias along with a good understanding of historical plagues and pandemics is vital to ensure those in the field of emergency management can effectively manage irrational fears.
Supplying the pandemic response: The importance of public procurement
Authors: Abutabenjeh, PhD Sawsan , Anguelov, PhD Lachezar , Brunjes, PhD Benjamin M. , Dimand, PhD Ana-Maria , Rodriguez-Plesa, PhD Evelyn
Published: May 2021

The rapid global transmission of COVID-19 has demonstrated many weaknesses in government procurement of essential supplies. In the United States, these problems have been particularly evident, as systemic fragmentation through federalism has frustrated a coordinated response. Rather than working together, states and localities are competing over limited medical resources, while the federal government has not stepped in to alleviate burdens on the lower tiers of government. In this study, we introduce how procurement is managed under normal circumstances and how it changes during emergencies. Easing procurement rules comes with necessary tradeoffs, particularly involving equity and accountability. Using case studies from recent disasters, we identify procurement and management recommendations for the COVID-19 response and future emergencies. We conclude that public procurement is integral to effective management in the 21st century and must be treated as such in the study and practice of public administration and emergency management.
Modification of the Priority Risk Index: Adapting to Emergency Management Accreditation Program standards for institutes of higher learning hazard mitigation plans
Authors: Harris, PhD Joseph B. , Bartlett, BS Geoffrey , Joyner, PhD T. Andrew , Hart, BS Matthew , Tollefson, MS William
Published: May 2021

The Priority Risk Index is increasingly used as a methodology for quantifying jurisdictional risk for hazard mitigation planning purposes, and it can evolve to meet specific community needs. The index incorporates probability, impact, spatial extent, warning time, and duration when assessing each hazard, but it does not explicitly integrate a vulnerability and consequence analysis into its final scoring. To address this gap, a new index was developed—the Enhanced Priority Risk Index (EPRI). The new index adds a sixth category, vulnerability, calculated from a vulnerability and consequence analysis of the impacts on seven sectors identified in Standard 4.1.2 of the Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP). To obtain a vulnerability score, impacts are ranked by sector from low (1) to very high (4), then a weighting factor is applied to each sector. The vulnerability score is added to the EPRI and provides risk levels based on the number of exploitable weaknesses and countermeasures identified within a specific jurisdiction. The vulnerability score and resulting EPRI are scalable and can be applied across jurisdictions, providing a transferable methodology that improves the hazard identification and risk assessment process and provides an approach for meeting EMAP accreditation standards.
Policy Formulation and Adoption of Revised Islamic Education Curriculum as stated in the Decree of Religion's Ministry (KMA) Number 183 of 2019
Authors: Komarudin Omay , Zakiyah Qiqi Yulianti , Supiana Supiana
Published: May 2021

The stages in making the education policy process by Formulation and Adoption process. The policy formulation is intended for the best problem solving derived from various alternatives or existing policy options. The problem of revision of the Islamic Education curriculum is one of the solutions for handling radicalism in Islamic Religion Education (IRE) curriculum from several policy options including the elimination of jihad and caliphate material, changing subjects, transferring caliphate material to subjects of Islamic cultural history, while Jihad material is more directed towards a seriousness to do best activities. After choosing the best policy, it needs to be legitimized so that the decision is well received because it is in accordance with the procedures applicable to the general public and political or moral values. The policy for revising the IRE curriculum is contained in Decision of Religion Ministry no 183/2019 and endorsed by the Ministry of Religion in the field of Islamic Education, so that it becomes the best guideline in national and state life by maintaining national security stability.
Evaluation of the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with microfertilizer solutions on the sowing qualities of seeds and morphophysiological parameters of seedlings of spring barley varieties
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: May 2021

The object of research is spring barley of brewing purpose of Vladimir, Laurika and Kalkul varieties. The purpose of the study: to assess the effect of microfertilizers on the sowing qualities of seeds and morphophysiological parameters of spring barley seedlings of various varieties, to justify the feasibility of pre-sowing spraying with microfertilizer solutions. The research was conducted in 2021 in the laboratory of the Kostroma State Agricultural Academy of the Kostroma region of the Kostroma region. As a result, it was found that the use of Agromix increases the germination energy and contributes to a significant increase in the laboratory germination of barley seeds for all varieties, increases the growth and development of barley seedlings. Keywords: SPRING BARLEY, SEED TREATMENT, SEED SOWING QUALITIES
ENERJİ VERİMLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ARZ VE TALEP YÖNLÜ GENEL BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: NAIMOGLU Mustafa , AKAL Mustafa
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, enerji verimliliğinin faydalarını ve enerji verimliliğinin tam potansiyelinin nasıl gerçekleştirilebileceğini arz ve talep yönlü anlamayı amaçlamaktadır.Yöntem: Bu çalışma hazırlanırken 1980-2021 döneminde JSTOR, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Taylor&Francis, Springer, SSRN ve DergiPark veri tabanlarında yayımlanmış makalelerle beraber birçok bilimsel bildiri ve raporlar için enerji verimliliği anahtar kelimesi kullanılmıştır. Enerjinin daha verimli kullanılmasına odaklanan 120’den fazla ilgili çalışmayla arz ve talep yönlü faktörler sunulmaktadır.Bulgular: Arz yanlı olarak literatürden elde edilen bulgulara göre hükümet tarafından alınan çevre odaklı enerji politikaları ödün verilmeden etkin ve başarılı bir şekilde uygulanarak, yenilenebilir enerji alanında yatırım ve teknolojik gelişmelerin artırılmasını sağlayarak ve enerji alanında teknolojik altyapı geliştirilerek enerji verimliliğinin artırılması sağlanacaktır. Talep yanlı literatürden elde edilen bulgulara göre ise devlet tarafından yapılacak olan teşvik, sübvansiyon ve vergi indirimleriyle tüketicilerin tasarruflu cihaz satın almaları sağlanabilecektir. Ayrıca enerji alanında verilecek eğitim ve reklamlar tüketicilere çevre ve enerji bilincinin sağlanmasıyla tüketici davranışlarına olumlu yansıması sağlanabilecektir.Özgünlük: Bu çalışmanın diğer çalışmalardan farkı, enerji verimliliğini artırmaya yönelik arz ve talep yönlü faktörleri belirleyerek, günümüz dünyasına ve gelecek nesillere daha temiz ve daha yaşanılabilir çevre oluşumuna katkı sağlayan farklı çalışmaları çok boyutlu olarak ele almasıdır.
AI and Industry: Postings and Media Portrayals
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Phinisee Eri , Toney Autumn , Flagg Melissa
Published: May 2021

Artificial intelligence is said to be transforming the global economy and society in what some dub the “fourth industrial revolution.” This data brief analyzes media representations of AI and the alignments, or misalignments, with job postings that include the AI-related skills needed to make AI a practical reality. This potential distortion is important as the U.S. Congress places an increasing emphasis on AI. If government funds are shifted away from other areas of science and technology, based partly on the representations that leaders and the public are exposed to in the media, it is important to understand how those representations align with real jobs across the country.
Particle-phase processing of α-pinene NO3 secondary organic aerosol in the dark
Authors: Bell David M. , Wu Cheng , Bertrand Amelie , Graham Emelie , Schoonbaert Janne , Giannoukos Stamatios , Baltensperger Urs , Prevot Andre S. H. , Riipinen Ilona , El Haddad Imad , Mohr Claudia
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The NO3 radical represents a significant night-time oxidant present in or downstream of polluted environments. There are studies that investigated the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from NO3 radicals focusing on yields, general composition, and hydrolysis of organonitrates. However, there is limited knowledge about how the composition of NO3-derived SOA evolves as a result of particle phase reactions. Here, SOA was formed from the reaction of α-pinene with NO3 radicals generated from N2O5, and the resulting SOA aged in the absence of external stimuli. The initial composition of NO3-derived α-pinene SOA was slightly dependent upon the concentration of N2O5 injected (excess of NO3 or excess of α-pinene), but was largely dominated by dimer dinitrates (C20H32N2O8-13). Oxidation reactions (e.g. C20H32N2O8 C20H32N2O9 C20H32N2O10 etc...) accounted for 60–70 % of the particle phase reactions observed. Fragmentation reactions and dimer degradation pathways made up the remainder of the particle-phase processes occurring. The exact oxidant is not known, though suggestions are offered (e.g. N2O5, organic peroxides, or peroxy-nitrates). Hydrolysis of −ONO2 functional groups was not an important loss term during dark aging under the relative humidity conditions of our experiments (58–62 %), and changes in the bulk organonitrate composition were likely driven by evaporation of highly nitrogenated molecules. Overall, 25–30 % of the particle-phase composition changes as a function of particle-phase reactions during dark aging representing an important atmospheric aging pathway.
Captured cirrus ice particles in high definition
Authors: Magee Nathan , Boaggio Katie , Staskiewicz Samantha , Lynn Aaron , Zhao Xuanyi , Tusay Nicholas , Schuh Terance , Bandamede Manisha , Bancroft Lucas , Connelly David , Hurler Kevin , Miner Bryan , Khoudary Elissa
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Cirrus clouds composed of small ice crystals are often the first solid
matter encountered by sunlight as it streams into Earth's atmosphere. A
broad array of recent research has emphasized that photon particle
scattering calculations are very sensitive to ice particle morphology,
complexity, and surface roughness. Uncertain variations in these parameters
have major implications for successfully parameterizing the radiative
ramifications of cirrus clouds in climate models. To date, characterization
of the microscale details of cirrus particle morphology has been limited by
the particles' inaccessibility and technical difficulty in capturing imagery
with sufficient resolution. Results from a new experimental system achieve
much higher-resolution images of cirrus ice particles than existing airborne-particle imaging systems. The novel system (Ice Cryo-Encapsulation by
Balloon, ICE-Ball) employs a balloon-borne payload with environmental
sensors and hermetically sealed cryo-encapsulation cells. The payload
captures ice particles from cirrus clouds, seals them, and returns them via
parachute for vapor-locked transfer onto a cryo-scanning electron microscopy
stage (cryo-SEM). From 2015–2019, the ICE-Ball system has successfully
yielded high-resolution particle images on nine cirrus-penetrating flights.
On several flights, including one highlighted here in detail, thousands of
cirrus particles were retrieved and imaged, revealing unanticipated particle
morphologies, extensive habit heterogeneity, multiple scales of mesoscopic
roughening, a wide array of embedded aerosol particles, and even greater
complexity than expected.
Evaluating the response of δ13C in Haloxylon ammodendron, a dominant C4 species in Asian desert ecosystems, to water and nitrogen addition as well as the availability of its δ13C as an indicator of water use efficiency
Authors: Chen Zixun , Liu Xuejun , Cui Xiaoqing , Han Yaowen , Wang Guoan , Li Jiazhu
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Variations in precipitation and atmospheric N deposition affect water and N
availability in desert and thus may have significant effects on desert
ecosystems. Haloxylon ammodendron is a dominant plant in Asian desert, and addressing its
physiological acclimatization to the changes in precipitation and N
deposition can provide insight into how desert plants adapt to extreme
environments by physiological adjustment. Carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) in plants has been suggested as a sensitive long-term indicator
of physiological acclimatization. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect
of precipitation change and increasing atmospheric N deposition on δ13C of H. ammodendron. Furthermore, H. ammodendron is a C4 plant; whether its δ13C can indicate water use efficiency (WUE) has not been addressed. In
the present study, we designed a field experiment with a completely
randomized factorial combination of N and water and measured δ13C and gas exchange of H. ammodendron. Then we calculated the degree of
bundle-sheath leakiness (φ) and WUE of the assimilating branches of
H. ammodendron. δ13C and φ remained stable under N and water supply,
while N addition, water addition and their interaction affected gas exchange
and WUE in H. ammodendron. In addition, δ13C had no correlation with WUE.
These results were associated with the irrelevance between δ13C
and the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration
(ci / ca), which might be caused by a special value (0.37) of the
degree of bundle-sheath leakiness (φ) or a lower activity of
carbonic anhydrase (CA) of H. ammodendron. In conclusion, δ13C of H. ammodendron is not
sensitive to global change in precipitation and atmospheric N deposition
and cannot be used for indicating its WUE.