bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting Aberrant p70S6K Activation for Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer Prevention
Authors: Wang Xiao , Yao Jun , Wang Jinyang , Zhang Qingling , Brady Samuel W. , Arun Banu , Seewaldt Victoria L. , Yu Dihua
Published: September 2017

The prevention of estrogen receptor–negative (ER−) breast cancer remains a major challenge in the cancer prevention field, although antiestrogen and aromatase inhibitors have shown adequate efficacy in preventing estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer. Lack of commonly expressed, druggable targets is a major obstacle for meeting this challenge. Previously, we detected the activation of Akt signaling pathway in atypical hyperplasic early-stage lesions of patients. In the current study, we found that Akt and the downstream 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling pathway was highly activated in ER− premalignant breast lesions and ER− breast cancer. In addition, p70S6K activation induced transformation of ER− human mammary epithelial cells (hMEC). Therefore, we explored the potential of targeting Akt/p70S6K in the p70S6K activated, ER− hMEC models and mouse mammary tumor models for the prevention of ER− breast cancer. We found that a clinically applicable Akt/p70S6K dual inhibitor, LY2780301, drastically decreased proliferation of hMECs with ErbB2-induced p70S6K activation via Cyclin B1 inhibition and cell-cycle blockade at G0–G1 phase, while it did not significantly reverse the abnormal acinar morphology of these hMECs. In addition, a brief treatment of LY2780301 in MMTV-neu mice that developed atypical hyperplasia (ADH) and mammary intraepithelial neoplasia (MIN) lesions with activated p70S6K was sufficient to suppress S6 phosphorylation and decrease cell proliferation in hyperplasic MECs. In summary, targeting the aberrant Akt/p70S6K activation in ER− hMEC models in vitro and in the MMTV-neu transgenic mouse model in vivo effectively inhibited Akt/S6K signaling and reduced proliferation of hMECs in vitro and ADH/MIN lesions in vivo, indicating its potential in prevention of p70S6K activated ER− breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 10(11); 641–50. ©2017 AACR.
Selection Paradigms for Large Vessel Occlusion Acute Ischemic Stroke Endovascular Therapy
Authors: Bouslama Mehdi , Bowen Meredith T. , Haussen Diogo C. , Dehkharghani Seena , Grossberg Jonathan A. , Rebello Letícia C. , Rangaraju Srikant , Frankel Michael R. , Nogueira Raul G.
Published: September 2017

Background: Optimal patient selection methods for thrombectomy in large vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS) are yet to be established. We sought to evaluate the ability of different selection paradigms to predict favorable outcomes. Methods: Review of a prospectively collected database of endovascular patients with anterior circulation LVOS, adequate CT perfusion (CTP), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥10 from September 2010 to March 2016. Patients were retrospectively assessed for thrombectomy eligibility by 4 mismatch criteria: Perfusion-Imaging Mismatch (PIM): between CTP-derived perfusion defect and ischemic core volumes; Clinical-Core Mismatch (CCM): between age-adjusted NIHSS and CTP core; Clinical-ASPECTS Mismatch (CAM-1): between age-adjusted NIHSS and ASPECTS; Clinical-ASPECTS Mismatch (CAM-2): between NIHSS and ASPECTS. Outcome measures were inclusion rates for each paradigm and their ability to predict good outcomes (90-day modified Rankin Scale 0-2). Results: Three hundred eighty-four patients qualified. CAM-2 and CCM had higher inclusion (89.3 and 82.3%) vs. CAM-1 (67.7%) and PIM (63.3%). Proportions of selected patients were statistically different except for PIM and CAM-1 (p = 0.19), with PIM having the highest disagreement. There were no differences in good outcome rates between PIM(+)/PIM(-) (52.2 vs. 48.5%; p = 0.51) and CAM-2(+)/CAM-2(-) (52.4 vs. 38.5%; p = 0.12). CCM(+) and CAM-1(+) had higher rates compared to nonselected counterparts (53.4 vs. 38.7%, p = 0.03; 56.6 vs. 38.6%; p = 0.002). The abilities of PIM, CCM, CAM-1, and CAM-2 to predict outcomes were similar according to the c-statistic, Akaike and Bayesian information criterion. Conclusions: For patients with NIHSS ≥10, PIM appears to disqualify more patients without improving outcomes. CCM may improve selection, combining a high inclusion rate with optimal outcome discrimination across (+) and (-) patients. Future studies are warranted.
Pulmonary Right Ventricular Resynchronization in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Janoušek Jan , Kovanda Jan , Ložek Miroslav , Tomek Viktor , Vojtovič Pavel , Gebauer Roman , Kubuš Peter , Krejčíř Miroslav , Lumens Joost , Delhaas Tammo , Prinzen Frits
Published: September 2017

Background—

Electromechanical discoordination may contribute to long-term pulmonary right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in patients after surgery for congenital heart disease. We sought to evaluate changes in RV function after temporary RV cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Methods and Results—

Twenty-five patients aged median 12.0 years after repair of tetralogy of Fallot and similar lesions were studied echocardiographically (n=23) and by cardiac catheterization (n=5) after primary repair (n=4) or after surgical RV revalvulation for significant pulmonary regurgitation (n=21). Temporary RV cardiac resynchronization therapy was applied in the presence of complete right bundle branch block by atrial-synchronized RV free wall pacing in complete fusion with spontaneous ventricular depolarization using temporary electrodes. The q-RV interval at the RV free wall pacing site (mean 77.2% of baseline QRS duration) confirmed pacing from a late activated RV area. RV cardiac resynchronization therapy carried significant decrease in QRS duration (
P
<0.001) along with elimination of the right bundle branch block QRS morphology, increase in RV filling time (
P
=0.002), pulmonary artery velocity time integral (
P
=0.006), and RV maximum +dP/dt (
P
<0.001), and decrease in RV index of myocardial performance (
P
=0.006). RV mechanical synchrony improved: septal-to-lateral RV mechanical delay decreased (
P
<0.001) and signs of RV dyssynchrony pattern were significantly abolished. RV systolic stretch fraction reflecting the ratio of myocardial stretching and contraction during systole diminished (
P
=0.001).

Conclusions—

In patients with congenital heart disease and right bundle branch block, RV cardiac resynchronization therapy carried multiple positive effects on RV mechanics, synchrony, and contraction efficiency.
Crotalaria L. (Fabaceae: Faboideae) in continental Southeast Asia
Authors: NINKAEW SAKUNTALA , BALSLEV HENRIK , PORNPONGRUNGRUENG PIMWADEE , CHANTARANOTHAI PRANOM
Published: September 2017

A revision of the 45 species of Crotalaria in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore is presented. Crotalaria humifusa is recorded as new for Thailand and Vietnam while C. phyllostachya are recorded as new for Thailand only. Crotalaria collettii is reduced to synonymy under C. alata. Lectotypes are designated for Crotalaria acicularis, C. cytisoides, C. esquirolii, C. filiformis, C. goreensis, C. goreensis var. angustifolia, C. hossei, C. kerrii, C. luxurians, C. melanocarpa, C. macrostipula, C. neglecta, C. neriifolia, C. tenuifolia and C. umbellata. We provide a key to the species, nomenclature, descriptions, distribution maps, a list of specimens examined, photographs and a line drawing.
A new species of Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 (Araneae: Sicariidae)
from Iranian caves
Authors: TAHAMI MOHADESEH S. , ZAMANI ALIREZA , SADEGHI SABER , RIBERA CARLES
Published: September 2017

In this paper, a new spider species of the genus Loxosceles is described on the basis of morphological and molecular data. The phylogenetic relationship of the new species is discussed through the lens of molecular data (cox1, rrnL and H3 genes). Specimens were collected from three Iranian caves in the provinces of Fars, Yazd and Khuzestan, and the specimens showed morphological characteristics that allowed us to easily distinguish Loxosceles persica n. sp. from L. mrazig, which is its sister species, and from the cosmopolitan L. rufescens, which is a widely distributed species throughout the Mediterranean basin and the Middle East. It is the first Loxosceles species endemic to the Middle East.
New or little-known taxa of Anurophorinae (Collembola) with anal spines from East Asia with notes on DNA barcode
Authors: POTAPOV MIKHAIL , NAKAMORI TAIZO , SAITOH SEIKOH , KUZNETSOVA NATALIA , BABENKO ANATOLY
Published: September 2017

The paper concerns two species of Collembola having a strong spine armature at the end of abdomen. Sahacanthella saoriae sp.nov. (Hokkaido, Japan), the second species of the genus, is described. Octodonthophora ornata (Magadan district, Russia) is redescribed with remarks on its taxonomical position. A key to the world genera of Anurophorinae with anal spines is given. The genera having four anal spines on the fifth abdominal segment are illustrated. DNA sequences of genes for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S ribosomal RNA, and nucler 28S ribosomal RNA were sequenced as DNA barcodes for S. saoriae sp.nov. and several taxa of Anurophorinae.
The Assignment of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification for Adult Polytrauma Patients: Results From a Survey and Future Considerations
Authors: Kuza Catherine M. , Hatzakis George , Nahmias Jeffry T.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:

The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status (PS) classification system assesses the preoperative health of patients. Previous studies demonstrated poor interrater reliability and variable ASA PS scores, especially in trauma scenarios. There are few studies that evaluated the assignment of ASA PS scores in trauma patients and no studies that evaluated ASA PS assignment in severely injured adult polytrauma patients. Our objective was to assess interrater reliability and identify sources of discrepancy among anesthesiologists and trauma surgeons in designating ASA PS scores to adult polytrauma patients.

METHODS:

A link to an online survey containing questions assessing attitudes regarding ASA PS classification, demographic information, and 8 fictional trauma cases was e-mailed to anesthesiologists and trauma surgeons. The participants were asked to assign an ASA PS score to each scenario and explain their choice. Rater-versus-reference and interrater reliability, beyond that expected by chance, among respondents was analyzed using the Fleiss kappa analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of 349 participants completed the survey. All 8 cases had inconsistent ASA PS scores; several cases had scores ranging from I to VI and variable emergency (E) designations. Using weighted kappa (Kw) analysis for a subset of 201 respondents (101 trauma surgeons [S] and 100 anesthesiologists [A]), we found moderate (Kw = 0.63; SE = 0.024; 95% confidence interval, 0.594–0.666; P < .001) interrater-versus-reference reliability. The interrater reliability was fair (Kw = 0.43; SE = 0.037; 95% confidence interval, 0.360–0.491; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study demonstrates fair interrater reliability beyond that expected by chance of the ASA PS scores among anesthesiologists and trauma surgeons when assessing adult polytrauma patients. Although the ASA PS is used in some trauma risk stratification models, discrepancies of ASA PS scores assigned to trauma cases exist. Future modifications of the ASA PS guidelines should aim to improve the interrater reliability of ASA PS scores in trauma patients. Further studies are warranted to determine the value of the ASA PS score as a trauma prognostic metric.
Investigations of a Guinea Pig
Authors: Gandolfo Daniella
Published: September 2017

After an alleged sorcery attack in Lima, an anthropologist investigates and realizes that her skepticism might not be enough to protect her against the attack’s power.
Sedentary Behaviors and Adiposity in Young People: Causality and Conceptual Model
Authors: Biddle Stuart J.H. , Pearson Natalie , Salmon Jo
Published: September 2017

Research on sedentary behavior and adiposity in youth dates back to the 1980s. Sedentary behaviors, usually screen time, can be associated with adiposity. Although the association usually is small but significant, the field is complex, and results are dependent on what sedentary behaviors are assessed and may be mediated and moderated by other behaviors.
Resilience in the workplace: personal and organisational factors
Authors: Scammell Janet
Published: September 2017

Janet Scammell, Associate Professor (Nursing), Bournemouth University, explains that although resilience is seen as a personal attribute, the role of organisational policies in fostering it must not be overlooked
Reflective practice applied in a clinical oncology research setting
Authors: Caley Laura , Pittordou Victoria , Adams Carolyn , Gee Caroline , Pitkahoo Ville , Matthews Jennifer , Cruse Sarah , Muls Ann
Published: September 2017

Regular reflective practice group sessions, focusing on enhancing mindfulness, were piloted as part of a support programme for researchers in a clinical oncology setting. Methods: As a previous systematic review highlighted a wide variety of approaches and a lack of published evidence on the use of specific models for reflective practice in health care, a scoping review of existing literature describing reflective practice models preceded piloting the programme with the research team. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) was used to assess the benefit for participants. Scores from the first and last session were analysed using a paired-sample t-test. Feedback from questionnaires was analysed using descriptive statistics (for Likert scales) and direct quotes from free text exemplified the experience. Results: Seven people participated. Six were female, all were research nurses except for one research allied health professional. The median age was 37 (range: 23–40 years). The average time since graduation was 10 years (range: 1.5–18 years). All researchers worked in a tertiary oncology setting. Although a total of 21 reflective practice sessions were facilitated, the median number of sessions attended was 9 (range: 2–21). The mean MAAS score improved from 57.83 to 62.83 (p=0.0146). The participants rated the experience and impact as positive. Conclusion: The results of the MAAS score indicate that mindfulness was enhanced by the sessions. The feedback from the participants highlighted the impact on their professional development. This is encouraging to support developing similar facilitated reflective practice programmes in different settings.
High Lipoprotein(a) and Low Risk of Major Bleeding in Brain and Airways in the General Population: a Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Langsted Anne , Kamstrup Pia R , Nordestgaard Børge G
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

The physiological role of lipoprotein(a) is unclear; however, lipoprotein(a) may play a role in hemostasis and wound healing. We tested the hypothesis that high lipoprotein(a) concentrations are associated with low risk of major bleeding in the brain and airways both observationally and causally (from human genetics).

METHODS

We examined 109169 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population study, 2 similar prospective studies conducted in the Danish general population. Individuals had information on plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations (n = 59980), LPA kringle-IV type 2 (KIV-2) number of repeats (n = 98965), and/or LPA single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10455872 associated with high lipoprotein(a) concentrations (n = 109 169), and information on hospital contacts or death due to major bleeding in brain and airways from registers.

RESULTS

Using extreme phenotypes or genotypes, the multifactorially adjusted hazard ratio for major bleeding in the brain and airways was 0.84 (95%CI: 0.71–0.99) for lipoprotein(a), >800 mg/L vs <110 mg/L; 0.83 (0.73–0.96) for KIV-2, <24 vs >35 number of repeats; and 0.89 (0.81–0.97) for rs10455872 carriers (heterozygotes + homozygotes) vs noncarriers. The corresponding hazard ratios were 0.89 (0.82–0.98) for heterozygotes and 0.59 (0.36–0.98) for homozygotes separately vs rs10455872 noncarriers. Also, for a 1 standard deviation higher lipoprotein(a) (= 310 mg/L), the hazard ratio for major bleeding in the brain and airways was 0.95 (95%CI: 0.91–1.00) observationally, 0.89 (0.80–0.98) causally based on LPA KIV-2 number of repeats, and 0.94 (0.87–1.02) causally based on LPA rs10455872.

CONCLUSIONS

High lipoprotein(a) concentrations were associated with lower risk of major bleeding in the brain and airways observationally and causally. This indicates that lipoprotein(a) may play a role in hemostasis and wound healing.
MEMBANGUN DAYA SAING TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA MELALUI PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS
Authors: Adam Latif
Published: September 2017

This paper analyzes current status of the Indonesian labor competitiveness in its ASEAN labor competitiveness context. Labor competitiveness is a key factor that could facilitate and accelerate an economy’s competitiveness. This plays an important role as the main engine of economic growth. Data used is secondary data from the Asian Productivity Organization (APO), ILO, UNDP, and Badan Pusat Statistik, Indonesia. By using descriptive analysis and harnessing labor productivity as a proxy for labor competitiveness, it was found that the position and acceleration of the Indonesian labor competitiveness lag behind those in its several ASEAN neighbors. Main policy challenge that need to be addresed is to reform human resource development strategy with a long-term gradually and simultaneously with efforts to find solutions to the problems of labor competitiveness in the short-medium term. In addition to improving the educational system and resolve skills improvement programs, the government needs to strengthen the integration of its national economy into the global economy as the driving force of skilled labor mobility and channel for knowledge and skills transfers.
EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF APPLICATION OZONIZED PHYSIOLOGICAL SOLUTION IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: Dotsenko I A , Chertkov A K , Skornyakov S N , Novikov B I , Golubeva L A
Published: September 2017

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis with inadequate treatment or no as such can become chronic. The latter involves a problem of not only increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics (ABP), but their stable persistence in the body for a long time. Inability to achieve bactericidal concentrations of antibacterial drugs in the sequester due to lack of blood circulation in pyogenic foci makes inefficient traditional antimicrobial therapy. The purpose of this study - to justify the use of ozonated saline solution in the complex treatment of HGO through experimental research and development of optimal methods of influence on gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, fungi of the genus of Candida, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We have carried out two series of experiments. To approximate the experimental conditions to the in vivo conditions of the surgical wound bacterial culture medium used - mylar fabric is hygroscopic and can largely mitigate the impact of aggressive antiseptic solutions to the CFU, simulating wall abscess (hereinafter referred to as the test object). One of a series of tubes with different concentrations of bacteria were exposed to ozonated saline with different exposures. The presence of colony growth test - bacteria on the test -object on the surface of the culture medium showed that ozone treatment for a given exposure time exposure did not provide a reliable germicidal effect. Lack of growth of colonies test - bacteria on test - and the object in a nutrient medium surface indicates the presence of bactericidal activity. The results of experimental studies have shown the high efficiency of ozonated saline against S. aureus ATCC 25923 with exposure 20 min., Ps. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 at 30 min exposure. In C. albicans strain 401 / 885-653 treatment ozonated saline solution has a bacteriostatic and pronounced inhibitory effect upon exposure of 30 minutes. This allows us to draw a conclusion on the appropriateness and effectiveness of the use of ozonated saline solution in the treatment of chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis of the spine.
The Role of Stone in Island Societies in Neolithic Atlantic Europe: Creating Places and Cultural Landscapes
Authors: Cooney Gabriel
Published: September 2017

The focus of the paper is an engagement with the significance of the exploitation of stone sources to make objects, particularly stone axe heads on islands in northwest Europe during the Neolithic period (4000 – 2500 BC). Case studies of Lambay Island in the Irish Sea, Rathlin Island off the northeast coast of Ireland, and the Shetland Islands explore the use of these three stone sources through the archaeological record, examining the biographies of objects (from quarries, through use, to discard or deposition) and applying a range of approaches to understanding material culture. What emerges is an understanding of the central role these three lithic sources played in how people engaged with and created their island places and landscapes. Through their daily engagement with different stone sources (including the ones focused on here) at a range of scales, people created and sustained social relationships and conventions. Hence it is argued that stone artefacts from local sources played a special role in shaping identities on the three islands.
Predictors of adolescent students’ psychological problems: The mediating role of paternal rejection in Turkish Cypriot sample
Authors: Direktör Cemaliye
Published: September 2017

The purpose of the study is to investigate the mediating role of paternal rejection (hostility, neglect, undifferentiated rejection and control) on the association between maternal rejection and psychological problems (depression, anxiety, negative self, hostility and somatization) on adolescents. The sample was consist of 200 adolescents whose ranged in age from 15 to 18 years (M age 16.59 years, SD = 0.63 years) in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). The demographic information relating to the 68% (n=136) female and 32% (n=64) male sample was presented. The Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire and Brief Symptom Inventory were administered to the sample group. Perceived undifferentiated rejection from mother as a predictor of depression, anxiety, somatization and negative-self scores. Perceived warmth from father as a predictor of hostility. There was a negative relationship between warmth from father and hostility scores of adolescents’. In addition, warmth form father was a mediation effect on the perceived undifferentiated rejection from mother related to depression, anxiety and hostility.
READS
Authors: Jiang Minhao , Fu Ada Wai-Chee , Wong Raymond Chi-Wing
Published: September 2017

Similarity among entities in graphs plays a key role in data analysis and mining. SimRank is a widely used and popular measurement to evaluate the similarity among the vertices. In real-life applications, graphs do not only grow in size, requiring fast and precise SimRank computation for large graphs, but also change and evolve continuously over time, demanding an efficient maintenance process to handle dynamic updates. In this paper, we propose a random walk based indexing scheme to compute SimRank efficiently and accurately over large dynamic graphs. We show that our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art static and dynamic SimRank algorithms.
Pivot-based metric indexing
Authors: Chen Lu , Gao Yunjun , Zheng Baihua , Jensen Christian S. , Yang Hanyu , Yang Keyu
Published: September 2017

The general notion of a metric space encompasses a diverse range of data types and accompanying similarity measures. Hence, metric search plays an important role in a wide range of settings, including multimedia retrieval, data mining, and data integration. With the aim of accelerating metric search, a collection of pivot-based indexing techniques for metric data has been proposed, which reduces the number of potentially expensive similarity comparisons by exploiting the triangle inequality for pruning and validation. However, no comprehensive empirical study of those techniques exists. Existing studies each offers only a narrower coverage, and they use different pivot selection strategies that affect performance substantially and thus render cross-study comparisons difficult or impossible. We offer a survey of existing pivot-based indexing techniques, and report a comprehensive empirical comparison of their construction costs, update efficiency, storage sizes, and similarity search performance. As part of the study, we provide modifications for two existing indexing techniques to make them more competitive. The findings and insights obtained from the study reveal different strengths and weaknesses of different indexing techniques, and offer guidance on selecting an appropriate indexing technique for a given setting.
A data quality metric (DQM)
Authors: Chung Yeounoh , Krishnan Sanjay , Kraska Tim
Published: September 2017

Data cleaning, whether manual or algorithmic, is rarely perfect leaving a dataset with an unknown number of false positives and false negatives after cleaning. In many scenarios, quantifying the number of remaining errors is challenging because our data integrity rules themselves may be incomplete, or the available gold-standard datasets may be too small to extrapolate. As the use of inherently fallible crowds becomes more prevalent in data cleaning problems, it is important to have estimators to quantify the extent of such errors. We propose novel species estimators to estimate the number of distinct remaining errors in a dataset after it has been cleaned by a set of crowd workers -- essentially, quantifying the utility of hiring additional workers to clean the dataset. This problem requires new estimators that are robust to false positives and false negatives, and we empirically show on three real-world datasets that existing species estimators are unstable for this problem, while our proposed techniques quickly converge.
Revisiting reuse for approximate query processing
Authors: Galakatos Alex , Crotty Andrew , Zgraggen Emanuel , Binnig Carsten , Kraska Tim
Published: September 2017

Visual data exploration tools allow users to quickly gather insights from new datasets. As dataset sizes continue to increase, though, new techniques will be necessary to maintain the interactivity guarantees that these tools require. Approximate query processing (AQP) attempts to tackle this problem and allows systems to return query results at "human speed." However, existing AQP techniques start to break down when confronted with ad hoc queries that target the tails of the distribution.

We therefore present an AQP formulation that can provide low-error approximate results at interactive speeds, even for queries over rare subpopulations. In particular, our formulation treats query results as random variables in order to leverage the ample opportunities for result reuse inherent in interactive data exploration. As part of our approach, we apply a variety of optimization techniques that are based on probability theory, including new query rewrite rules and index structures. We implemented these techniques in a prototype system and show that they can achieve interactivity where alternative approaches cannot.
Caribou
Authors: István Zsolt , Sidler David , Alonso Gustavo
Published: September 2017

The ever increasing amount of data being handled in data centers causes an intrinsic inefficiency: moving data around is expensive in terms of bandwidth, latency, and power consumption, especially given the low computational complexity of many database operations.

In this paper we explore near-data processing in database engines, i.e., the option of offloading part of the computation directly to the storage nodes. We implement our ideas in Caribou, an intelligent distributed storage layer incorporating many of the lessons learned while building systems with specialized hardware. Caribou provides access to DRAM/NVRAM storage over the network through a simple key-value store interface, with each storage node providing high-bandwidth near-data processing at line rate and fault tolerance through replication. The result is a highly efficient, distributed, intelligent data storage that can be used to both boost performance and reduce power consumption and real estate usage in the data center thanks to the micro-server architecture adopted.
I've seen "enough"
Authors: Rahman Sajjadur , Aliakbarpour Maryam , Kong Ha Kyung , Blais Eric , Karahalios Karrie , Parameswaran Aditya , Rubinfield Ronitt
Published: September 2017

Data visualization is an effective mechanism for identifying trends, insights, and anomalies in data. On large datasets, however, generating visualizations can take a long time,
delaying the extraction of insights, hampering decision making, and reducing exploration time.
One solution is to use online sampling-based schemes to generate visualizations faster while improving the displayed estimates incrementally, eventually converging to the exact visualization computed on the entire data. However, the intermediate visualizations are approximate, and often fluctuate drastically, leading to potentially incorrect decisions. We propose sampling-based incremental visualization algorithms that reveal the "salient" features of the visualization quickly---with a 46× speedup relative to baselines---while minimizing error, thus enabling rapid and error-free decision making. We demonstrate that these algorithms are
optimal
in terms of sample complexity, in that given the level of interactivity, they generate approximations that take as few samples as possible. We have developed the algorithms in the context of an incremental visualization tool, titled I
nc
V
isage
, for trendline and heatmap visualizations. We evaluate the usability of I
nc
V
isage
via user studies and demonstrate that users are able to make effective decisions with incrementally improving visualizations, especially compared to vanilla online-sampling based schemes.
Knowledge verification for long-tail verticals
Authors: Li Furong , Dong Xin Luna , Langen Anno , Li Yang
Published: September 2017

Collecting structured knowledge for real-world entities has become a critical task for many applications. A big gap between the knowledge in existing knowledge repositories and the knowledge in the real world is the knowledge on
tail
verticals (i.e., less popular domains). Such knowledge, though not necessarily globally popular, can be personal hobbies to many people and thus collectively impactful. This paper studies the problem of
knowledge verification for tail verticals
; that is, deciding the correctness of a given triple.

Through comprehensive experimental study we answer the following questions.
1) Can we find evidence for tail knowledge from an extensive set of sources, including knowledge bases, the web, and query logs? 2) Can we judge correctness of the triples based on the collected evidence? 3) How can we further improve knowledge verification on tail verticals?
Our empirical study suggests a new knowledge-verification framework, which we call F
acty
, that applies various kinds of evidence collection techniques followed by knowledge fusion. F
acty
can verify 50% of the (correct) tail knowledge with a precision of 84%, and it significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Detailed error analysis on the obtained results suggests future research directions.
Social hash partitioner
Authors: Kabiljo Igor , Karrer Brian , Pundir Mayank , Pupyrev Sergey , Shalita Alon
Published: September 2017

We design and implement a distributed algorithm for balanced
k
-way hypergraph partitioning that minimizes fanout, a fundamental hypergraph quantity also known as the communication volume and (
k
- 1)-cut metric, by optimizing a novel objective called
probabilistic fanout.
This choice allows a simple local search heuristic to achieve comparable solution quality to the best existing hypergraph partitioners.

Our algorithm is arbitrarily scalable due to a careful design that controls computational complexity, space complexity, and communication. In practice, we commonly process hypergraphs with billions of vertices and hyperedges in a few hours. We explain how the algorithm's scalability, both in terms of hypergraph size and bucket count, is limited only by the number of machines available. We perform an extensive comparison to existing distributed hypergraph partitioners and find that our approach is able to optimize hypergraphs roughly 100 times bigger on the same set of machines.

We call the resulting tool
Social Hash Partitioner
, and accompanying this paper, we open-source the most scalable version based on recursive bisection.
DigitHist
Authors: Shekelyan Michael , Dignös Anton , Gamper Johann
Published: September 2017

We propose DigitHist, a histogram summary for selectivity estimation on multi-dimensional data with tight error bounds. By combining multi-dimensional and one-dimensional histograms along regular grids of different resolutions, DigitHist provides an accurate and reliable histogram approach for multi-dimensional data. To achieve a compact summary, we use a sparse representation combined with a novel histogram compression technique that chooses a higher resolution in dense regions and a lower resolution elsewhere. For the construction of DigitHist, we propose a new error measure, termed
u
-error, which minimizes the width between the guaranteed upper and lower bounds of the selectivity estimate. The construction algorithm performs a single data scan and has linear time complexity. An in-depth experimental evaluation shows that DigitHist delivers superior precision and error bounds than state-of-the-art competitors at a comparable query time.
Quaestor
Authors: Gessert Felix , Schaarschmidt Michael , Wingerath Wolfram , Witt Erik , Yoneki Eiko , Ritter Norbert
Published: September 2017

Today, web performance is primarily governed by round-trip latencies between end devices and cloud services. To improve performance, services need to minimize the delay of accessing data. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to low latency that relies on existing content delivery and web caching infrastructure. The main idea is to enable application-independent caching of query results and records with tunable consistency guarantees, in particular bounded staleness. Q
uaestor
(Query Store) employs two key concepts to incorporate both expiration-based and invalidation-based web caches: (1) an Expiring Bloom Filter data structure to indicate potentially stale data, and (2) statistically derived cache expiration times to maximize cache hit rates. Through a distributed query invalidation pipeline, changes to cached query results are detected in real-time. The proposed caching algorithms offer a new means for data-centric cloud services to trade latency against staleness bounds, e.g. in a database-as-a-service. Q
uaestor
is the core technology of the backend-as-a-service platform Baqend, a cloud service for low-latency websites. We provide empirical evidence for Q
uaestor
's scalability and performance through both simulation and experiments. The results indicate that for read-heavy workloads, up to tenfold speed-ups can be achieved through Q
uaestor
's caching.
Debugging transactions and tracking their provenance with reenactment
Authors: Niu Xing , Arab Bahareh Sadat , Lee Seokki , Feng Su , Zou Xun , Gawlick Dieter , Krishnaswamy Vasudha , Liu Zhen Hua , Glavic Boris
Published: September 2017

Debugging transactions and understanding their execution are of immense importance for developing OLAP applications, to trace causes of errors in production systems, and to audit the operations of a database. However, debugging transactions is hard for several reasons: 1) after the execution of a transaction, its input is no longer available for debugging, 2) internal states of a transaction are typically not accessible, and 3) the execution of a transaction may be affected by concurrently running transactions. We present a debugger for transactions that enables non-invasive, postmortem debugging of transactions with provenance tracking and supports what-if scenarios (changes to transaction code or data). Using
reenactment
, a declarative replay technique we have developed, a transaction is replayed over the state of the DB seen by its original execution including all its interactions with concurrently executed transactions from the history. Importantly, our approach uses the temporal database and audit logging capabilities available in many DBMS and does not require any modifications to the underlying database system nor transactional workload.
A confidence-aware top-k query processing toolkit on crowdsourcing
Authors: Li Yan , Kou Ngai Meng , Wang Hao , U Leong Hou , Gong Zhiguo
Published: September 2017

Ranking techniques have been widely used in ubiquitous applications like recommendation, information retrieval, etc. For ranking computation hostile but human friendly items, crowdsourcing is considered as an emerging technique to process the ranking by human power. However, there is a lack of an easy-to-use toolkit for answering crowdsourced top-
k
query with minimal effort.

In this work, we demonstrate an interactive programming toolkit that is a unified solution for answering the crowd-sourced top-
k
queries. The toolkit employs a new confidence-aware crowdsourced top-
k
algorithm, SPR. The whole progress of the algorithm is monitored and visualized to end users in a timely manner. Besides the visualized result and the statistics, the system also reports the estimation of the monetary cost and the breakdown of each phase. Based on the estimation, end users can strike a balance between the budget and the quality through the interface of this toolkit.
QIRANA demonstration
Authors: Deep Shaleen , Koutris Paraschos , Bidasaria Yash
Published: September 2017

The last decade has seen a deluge in data collection and dissemination across a broad range of areas. This phenomena has led to creation of online data markets where entities engage in sale and purchase of data. In this scenario, the key challenge for the data market platform is to ensure that it allows real time, scalable, arbitrage-free pricing of user queries. At the same time, the platform needs to flexible enough for sellers in order to customize the setup of the data to be sold. In this paper, we describe the demonstration of Q
irana
, a light weight framework that implements query-based pricing at scale. The framework acts as a layer between the end users (buyers and sellers) and the database. Q
irana
's demonstration features that we highlight are: (i) allows sellers to choose from a variety of pricing functions based on their requirements and incorporates price points as a guide for query pricing; (ii) helps the seller set parameters by mocking workloads; (iii) buyers engage with the platform by directly asking queries and track their budget per dataset;. We demonstrate the tunable parameters of our framework over a real-world dataset, illustrating the promise of our approach.
DataTweener
Authors: Khan Meraj , Xu Larry , Nandi Arnab , Hellerstein Joseph M.
Published: September 2017

With the development and advancement of new data interaction modalities, data exploration and analysis has become a highly interactive process situating the user in a session of successive queries. With rapidly changing results, it becomes difficult for the end user to fully comprehend transformations, especially the transforms corresponding to complex queries. We introduce "data tweening" as an informative way of visualizing structural data transforms, presenting the users with a series of incremental visual representations of a resultset transformation. We present transformations as ordered sequences of basic structural transforms and visual cues. The sequences are generated using an automated framework which utilizes differences between the consecutive resultsets and queries in a query session. We evaluate the effectiveness of tweening as a visualization method through a user study.
A demonstration of ST-hadoop
Authors: Alarabi Louai , Mokbel Mohamed F.
Published: September 2017

This demo presents ST-Hadoop; the first full-fledged open-source MapReduce framework with a native support for spatio-temporal data. ST-Hadoop injects spatio-temporal awareness in the Hadoop base code, which results in achieving order(s) of magnitude better performance than Hadoop and SpatialHadoop when dealing with spatio-temporal data and queries. The key idea behind ST-Hadoop is its ability in indexing spatio-temporal data within Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). A real system prototype of ST-Hadoop, running on a local cluster of 24 machines, is demonstrated with two big-spatio-temporal datasets of Twitter and NYC Taxi data, each of around one billion records.
Exploring big volume sensor data with vroom
Authors: Moll Oscar , Zalewski Aaron , Pillai Sudeep , Madden Sam , Stonebraker Michael , Gadepally Vijay
Published: September 2017

State of the art sensors within a single autonomous vehicle (AV) can produce video and LIDAR data at rates greater than 30 GB/hour. Unsurprisingly, even small AV research teams can accumulate tens of terabytes of sensor data from multiple trips and multiple vehicles. AV practitioners would like to extract information about specific locations or specific situations for further study, but are often unable to. Queries over AV sensor data are different from generic analytics or spatial queries because they demand reasoning about fields of view as well as heavy computation to extract features from scenes. In this article and demo we present Vroom, a system for ad-hoc queries over AV sensor databases. Vroom combines domain specific properties of AV datasets with selective indexing and multi-query optimization to address challenges posed by AV sensor data.
New trends on exploratory methods for data analytics
Authors: Mottin Davide , Lissandrini Matteo , Velegrakis Yannis , Palpanas Themis
Published: September 2017

Data usually comes in a plethora of formats and dimensions, rendering the exploration and information extraction processes cumbersome. Thus, being able to cast exploratory queries in the data with the intent of having an immediate glimpse on some of the data properties is becoming crucial. An exploratory query should be simple enough to avoid complicate declarative languages (such as SQL) and mechanisms, and at the same time retain the flexibility and expressiveness of such languages. Recently, we have witnessed a rediscovery of the so called example-based methods, in which the user, or the analyst circumvent query languages by using examples as input. An example is a representative of the intended results, or in other words, an item from the result set. Example-based methods exploit inherent characteristics of the data to infer the results that the user has in mind, but may not able to (easily) express. They can be useful both in cases where a user is looking for information in an unfamiliar dataset, or simply when she is exploring the data without knowing what to find in there. In this tutorial, we present an excursus over the main methods for exploratory analysis, with a particular focus on example-based methods. We show how different data types require different techniques, and present algorithms that are specifically designed for relational, textual, and graph data.
Human-in-the-loop data integration
Authors: Li Guoliang
Published: September 2017

Data integration aims to integrate data in different sources and provide users with a unified view. However, data integration cannot be completely addressed by purely automated methods. We propose a hybrid human-machine data integration framework that harnesses human ability to address this problem, and apply it initially to the problem of entity matching. The framework first uses rule-based algorithms to identify possible matching pairs and then utilizes the crowd to refine these candidate pairs in order to compute actual matching pairs. In the first step, we propose similarity-based rules and knowledge-based rules to obtain some candidate matching pairs, and develop effective algorithms to learn these rules based on some given positive and negative examples. We build a distributed in-memory system DIMA to efficiently apply these rules. In the second step, we propose a selection-inference-refine framework that uses the crowd to verify the candidate pairs. We first select some "beneficial" tasks to ask the crowd and then use transitivity and partial order to infer the answers of unasked tasks based on the crowdsourcing results of the asked tasks. Next we refine the inferred answers with high uncertainty due to the disagreement from the crowd. We develop a crowd-powered database system CDB and deploy it on real crowdsourcing platforms. CDB allows users to utilize a SQL-like language for processing crowd-based queries. Lastly, we provide emerging challenges in human-in-the-loop data integration.
Conformally related Riemannian metrics with non-generic holonomy
Authors: Moroianu Andrei
Published: September 2017

In this paper we show that if a compact connected n-dimensional manifold M has a conformal class containing two non-homothetic metrics
g and

g
~

=

e

2
⁢
φ

⁢
g

{\tilde{g}=e^{2\varphi}g}

with non-generic holonomy, then after passing to a finite covering, either

n
=
4

{n=4}

and

(
M
,
g
,

g
~

)

{(M,g,\tilde{g})}

is an ambikähler manifold, or

n
≥
6

{n\geq 6}

is even and

(
M
,
g
,

g
~

)

{(M,g,\tilde{g})}

is obtained by the Calabi Ansatz from a polarized Hodge manifold of dimension

n
-
2

{n-2}

, or both g and

g
~

{\tilde{g}}

have reducible holonomy, M is locally diffeomorphic to a product

M
1

×

M
2

×

M
3

{M_{1}\times M_{2}\times M_{3}}

, the metrics g and

g
~

{\tilde{g}}

can be written as

g
=

g
1

+

g
2

+

e

-

2
⁢
φ

⁢

g
3

 
and

 

g
~

=

e

2
⁢
φ

⁢

(

g
1

+

g
2

)

+

g
3

{g=g_{1}+g_{2}+e^{-2\varphi}g_{3}}\quad\text{and}\quad{\tilde{g}=e^{2\varphi}(%
g_{1}+g_{2})+g_{3}}

for some Riemannian metrics

g
i

{g_{i}}

on

M
i

{M_{i}}

, and φ is the pull-back of a non-constant function on

M
2

{M_{2}}

.
„Penta-/Hexapolisvon Libya“. Städtebünde und provinzialer Kaiserkult in Cyrenaica
Authors: Cigaina Lorenzo , Vitale Marco
Published: September 2017

In der ausgehenden Republik wurden Creta und Cyrenaica zu einer Doppelprovinz vereint. Während ein provinzialeskoinonin Creta bereits für den Zeitpunkt der Provinzeinrichtung bezeugt ist, fehlen für Cyrenaica mit Ausnahme einer beschädigten Mosaikinschrift aus Kyrene des 2. Jh. n. Chr. explizite Belege einer solchen Institution. Aufgrund der sparsamen Quellenlage äußert ein Großteil der modernen Forschung Zweifel an der Existenz eines provinzialenkoinonvon Cyrenaica oder verneint eine solche gar gänzlich. Die vorliegende Studie versucht, alle relevanten literarischen, epigraphischen, numismatischen und archäologischen Quellen für die Zeit der Ptolemäer (Mitte des 3. Jh. v. Chr.) bis zur Spätantike (Ende 4. Anfang 5. Jh. n. Chr.) systematisch zusammenzutragen und in Bezug auf ein provinzialeskoinonkritisch zu hinterfragen. Eine Landtagsorganisation Cyrenaicas scheint in den Quellen mehrfach erwähnt zu sein: etwa alspentapolisoder, nach der Gründung von Hadrianopolis, alshexapolisund später alskoinon,ethnosoder unter dem EthnikonCyrenenses. Als oberste Landtagsfunktionäre erscheinenLibyarchaiundArchiereis. Neben den Zeugnissen zur politischen Vertretung der Provinzialen in Form von Gesandtschaften nach Rom, lassen sich gewichtige Indizien für ein provinzialeskoinonauch im Kontext der archäologischen Topographie der Polis Kyrene finden, so wie etwa deren Titel als Metropolis sowie provinzweite Kulte und Festspiele zu Ehren des Kaisers, der mit den traditionellen kyrenaischen Hauptgottheiten Zeus Ammon und Apollon assoziiert wurde.