bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT AND ITS IMPACT ON EDUCATION
Authors: SALİH Forat
Published: February 2023

Violent conflict represents one of the greatest development challenges facing the international community. If we look beyond the immediate human suffering in these cases, we find that international armed conflict is one of the underlying causes of poverty, inequality and economic stagnation. Children and education systems are often the targets of violent conflict. It is necessary to liberate all the energies and capabilities of education in order to become a force for peace, therefore the Preamble to the Constitution of UNESCO declares that “since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed.” (UNESCO,2011) There are no more immune bulwarks than public behaviours and attitudes based on tolerance, mutual respect and a commitment to dialogue, which must be developed and refined every day in classrooms around the world. If schools are used in another way, i.e., as a tool for the development of a spirit of intolerance, chauvinism and disrespect for others, this not only leads to ignorance but also paves the way for violence. Official and non-official stakeholders involved in the United Nations system should take an active role in rebuilding education systems in conflict-affected countries, drawing on work in the areas of intercultural dialogue in order to spread peace, curriculum development, teacher preparation and textbook reform, passed Many years since the establishment of the United Nations, the nature of the challenges posed by the militants has changed and the methodology of conflicts has changed, but the principles, values and institutions on which the regime is based have not changed, though the United Nations has retained its credibility and remained in force as always. In his article, the author refers to the necessity of education in building societies, drawing on examples from the history of nations to inform the public of the need to support educational institutions by states, governments and even at the level of individuals and civil society activists because of their profound impact on the sustainability, goodness and prosperity of societies. It has presented some legal texts that have been enacted to protect education at all levels and the rights of learners in times of armed conflict and insecurity.
O relacjach między średniowieczną a nowożytną architekturą obronną
Authors: Bukal Grzegorz
Published: February 2023

Podstawowym związkiem łączącym średniowieczną i nowożytną architekturę obronną była realizacja obrony za pomocą fortyfikacji. Autor stawia pytanie o inne, bardziej szczegółowe powiązania między obiema „architekturami”.Ramy czasowe rozważań wyznaczyły dwie grupy czynników: 1) techniczne, czyli bezpośrednio związane z budową, oraz środki do obrony lub zdobywania, 2) pozatechniczne, czyli warunki naturalne, polityczne, ekonomiczne, stopień rozwoju cywilizacyjnego itp. Autor bierze pod uwagę tylko pierwszą grupę, jako tę, którą przede wszystkim warunkuje kształt architektoniczny fortyfikacji. Rozważania dotyczą okresów: XI-XV w. i XVI – połowa XIX w. Podstawowym czynnikiem technicznym odróżniającym te dwa okresy było wprowadzenie broni palnej w XV w. Kolejny przełom spowodowała broń gwintowana oraz nowe źródła energii i materiały budowlane stosowane od około 1850 r. (umownie). Autor wyróżnia trzy typy relacji.
Fiestas del paisaje de la sal artesanal en Chile
Authors: Orozco Salinas Karina
Published: February 2023

El paisaje de la sal artesanal conforma una red compleja de componentes diseminados en el territorio, en donde las fiestas son una de las capas intangibles que subyace en este paisaje. En efecto, la fiesta forma parte de una dinámica espacial-temporal que contribuye en la construcción de procesos  sociales, culturales y territoriales. De esta forma, el interés de esta investigación reside en identificar las fiestas de las salinas en la Zona Central de Chile a fin de estudiarlas desde una perspectiva socioterritorial. Para ello, la metodología se basa en un estudio cualitativo y descriptivo, mediante trabajo de campo, entrevistas y observación directa en las salinas chilenas. Los resultados han revelado que las fiestas salineras son elementos dinámicos, insertos en estructuras territoriales, configurándose como componentes diversificadores del paisaje de la sal, por lo cual resulta fundamental su comprensión como hechos festivos interconectados,  evolutivos e  integrantes de una red socioterritorial del paisaje.
Avenida Presidente Vargas
Authors: Vilas Boas Naylor , Andreatta Verena , Martinelli Francesca , Araujo Talita Simão Luiz
Published: February 2023

Durante o período ditatorial do Estado Novo brasileiro (1937-1945) diversas foram as intervenções urbanas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, então capital do Distrito Federal. Uma análise do impacto destas intervenções, que modificaram substancialmente o traçado e os rumos de expansão da cidade, é ainda pouco presente na historiografia, uma vez que estas não fazem parte da memória urbanística moderna da cidade. Esse apagamento, resultante da censura do período, entre outros aspectos, se reflete hoje também na ausência de informações sobre a população destituída dos seus lugares. O presente artigo aborda as transformações urbanas ocorridas no período e, a partir do recorte da religião, objetiva o mapeamento dos espaços de sociabilidade desaparecidos com a abertura da Avenida Presidente Vargas, uma das intervenções do período. Como metodologia, uma abordagem através da literatura sobre o Rio de Janeiro é complementada pela pesquisa em fontes primárias em busca de relatos que permitam situar tais informações no espaço urbano. O mapeamento revela a presença de espaços religiosos desaparecidos para além da fé católica com a abertura da Avenida e permite constituir uma base de dados passíveis de serem associados aos mapas históricos da cidade.
Stroke Risk Factor Profile in an Urban Population: A Community-Based Descriptive Study in Mojo Sub-District, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Ikhtiar Ilham , Rosyich Muhammad Wijdan , Ardhanu Muhammad Arief , Bastiana Dewi Setyaning , Kurniawan Dedy , Setyowatie Sita
Published: February 2023

Highlight:

The stroke risk of the urban population in Mojo sub-district, Surabaya, was high (more than 10% risk for 36.3% of the population) .
The risk factor for stroke is highly prevalent in Indonesia's urban communities, such as Surabaya.
The Indonesian version of the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Index chart aids in determining stroke risk factors.
The development of a stroke-spesific index chart has been done before but requires validation for the Indonesian population

 
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Stroke is still a major cardiovascular disease in Indonesia. Locally published data regarding stroke risk factors is still rarely reported. This condition complicates the regulation, policy-making, and community empowerment efforts to reduce modifiable stroke risk factors. Thus, a study is necessary to provide an overview of stroke risk factors and risks in cities in Indonesia, such as Surabaya. Objective: This study aimed to describe stroke risk factors in an urban Indonesian community, such as the Mojo sub-district in Surabaya. Methods: This was a descriptive study to describe stroke risk factors like age, gender, history of comorbidities, and history of cardiovascular disease, as well as patient clinical data like neurological symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms, anthropometry, vital signs, simple laboratory values, and cardiovascular risk categorization in the next ten years based on the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Index chart, Indonesian version. Results: In this study, 33 participants were included. Risk factors showed that many participants had histories of active smoking (18.2%), hypertension (45.5%), and diabetes (24.2%). One-third of the participants had a history of dyslipidemia. Based on the risk chart for cardiovascular disease, 36.3% of participants were at >10% risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the next ten years. Conclusion: The risk index of cardiovascular disease in the Mojo sub-district, Surabaya, was still high. A combination of government policies, public awareness improvement, and community empowerment are urgently required to manage these risk factors epidemiologically.
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTHCARE FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF CHILDHOOD BASIC IMMUNIZATION INCOMPLETION IN PAPUA
Authors: Puspita Asturiningtyas Ika , Nuryani Wahyuningrum Sri
Published: February 2023

Background: The morbidity and mortality rate for children under five in Indonesia is high in eastern Indonesia. Incomplete coverage of basic immunization for children under five can increase the risk of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPD). As a province in eastern Indonesia, the coverage of complete basic immunization in Papua is low. Purpose: This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and healthcare factors among children who default to complete basic immunizations in Papua. Methods: This study utilized data from the 2018 Indonesian National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas). The sample was children aged 12-35 months who live in the Census Blocks (BS) of Riskesdas 2018 in Papua Province and selected to be the sample of Riskesdas 2018. Totally 453 children were included. Bivariate analysis of the data was using Chi-Square test and multivariate with logistic regression. Results: The result showed that the prevalence rate for defaulting basic immunization was 71.74%. Sociodemographic factors that increased incomplete basic immunization were poor economic families (OR=1.97; 95% CI=1.10-3.56) and low maternal education (OR=2.00; 95%CI=1.09-3.65). Meanwhile, healthcare factors like no immunization card (OR=6.82; 95%CI=2.65-17.56) and not being born in a healthcare facility (OR=6.05; 95%CI=3.14-11.66) become the strongest factors that increase the risk of incomplete basic immunization. Conclusion: This study indicates that sociodemographic and healthcare factors could increase the risk of incomplete basic immunization in Papua. It is important to actively improve healthcare services and educate people about the importance of immunization to reduce the risk of incomplete basic immunization for children in Papua.
Evaluation of Factors and Biological Parameters of the Groundwater in Makasar Subdistrict, East Jakarta
Authors: Diinii Haniifah  , Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo  , Dwi Nowo Martono
Published: February 2023

Introduction: People prefer to use groundwater for daily needs to piped water in Indonesia. However, population growth and the construction of residential homes can hugely affect the quality of groundwater. The study aims to examine the relationship between groundwater quality and its influencing factors. Methods: This study was conducted with a quantitative approach and a survey method. Primary and secondary data were required in this study. The variables examined in this study were groundwater quality as seen from its biological parameters and influencing factors which consisted of internal and external factors. Results and Discussion: The results show that the highest coliform bacteria content was found in Cipinang Melayu at 200 MPN/100 mL concentrations in 2019 and 2020, as well as 100 MPN/100 mL in 2021, followed by Pinang Ranti. The highest coliform content was discovered in Halim Perdana Kusuma well number 3 at 50 MPN/100 mL concentration. Groundwater contains coliform because of internal influencing factors as well as external factors. Coliform content and its influence factors were both significantly correlated with a P-value < 0.05 (correlation coefficient = 0.201 for internal factors; correlation coefficient = -0.144 for external factors). The groundwater quality and internal factors were correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.634; meanwhile, the groundwater quality was significantly correlated with external factors with a correlation coefficient of 0.656. Conclusion: Groundwater quality was not aligned with standards for drinking water as evaluated from the biological parameters. Both internal and external factors influence the Total coliform content.
The Relationship between Ventilation and Physical Quality of Houses with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases in the Working Area of Sragen Primary Healthcare Center, Sragen Regency
Authors: Radhika Wulandari  , Budiyono Budiyono , Sulistiyani Sulistiyani , Nur Endah Wahyuningsih
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis is ranked the second health problem in the world, including Indonesia with reasonably high mortality rates. This study examined the association between the ventilation, physical condition, and the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the working area of the Sragen Primary Healthcare Center. Methods: This study used a case-control design and purposive sampling to select 40 patients with positive smear pulmonary tuberculosis as the case group and 40 subjects with negative smear pulmonary tuberculosis as the control group who lived in the same area. Results and Discussion: Ventilation volume per hour (p = 0.007; OR = 3.889; 95% CI = 1.533–9.868), ventilation area (p = 0.014; OR = 3.462; 95% CI = 1.379–8.691), lighting intensity (p = 0.007; OR = 3.955; 95% CI = 1.546–10.114) and a humidity level (p = 0.001; OR = 5.762; 95% CI = 2.065–16.079) were associated with the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients of the productive age group who attended the Sragen Primary Healthcare Center. The results of the multivariate analysis conclude that ventilation (OR = 5.900), humidity level (OR = 8.414), and occupancy density (OR = 0.113) had joint influences with a significant contribution of 41.3% to TB prevalence. Conclusion: House’ ventilation and humidity are the main factors contributing to the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the working area of Sragen Primary Healthcare Center.
KONDISI ANAK PEREMPUAN DAN DAMPAK PERKAWINAN ANAK (Studi Pandangan Ulama Perempuan Indonesia)
Authors: Muniri Akh Syamsul , Ulfiyati Nur Shofa
Published: February 2023

ABSTRAKFenomena perkawinan anak masih seringkali terjadi di tengah-tengah masyarakat, bahkan dalam banyak kasus masih ditemukan KUA tetap melangsungkan perkawinan di bawah umur meskipun pasangan tersebut belum memiliki surat keputusan dispensasi dari pengadilan. Banyaknya faktor yang mendorong terjadinya perkawinan anak mendapat perhatian yang serius di kalangan ulama perempuan Indonesia, sebab mereka melihat kondisi anak perempuan sangat memprihatinkan. Pengadilan agama memiliki kecenderungan tinggi untuk mengabulkan permohonan dispensasi perkawinan, padahal dalam pelaksanaannya perkawinan anak berpotensi meningkatkan kasus perceraian. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan pandangan ulama perempuan tentang kondisi anak perempuan dan dampak perkawinan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data primer dari tokoh Kongres Ulama Perempuan Indonesia (KUPI) melalui wawancara langsung. Kondisi anak perempuan dan dampak perkawinan anak menurut ulama’ perempuan indonesia sangat berbahaya bagi masa depan anak, Bangsa dan Negara. Berbahaya bagi masa depan anak terkait kesehatan reproduksi, psikologis, ekonomi dan pendidikan, sedangkan berbahaya bagi Bangsa dan Negara terkait pembangunan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang rapuh dan kualitas generasi bangsa di masa depan terancam.Kata Kunci : Dampak Perkawinan Anak,  Anak Perempuan, Ulama Perempuan Indonesia
Ramsey Theory and Geometry of Closed Loops
Authors: Bormashenko Edward , Shvalb Nir , Shoval Shraga , Frenkel Mark
Published: February 2023

We apply the Ramsey theory to the analysis of geometrical properties of closed contours. Consider a set of six points placed on a closed contour. The straight lines connecting these points are yikx=αikx+βik i,k=1...6, αik≠0. We color the edges connecting the points for which αik>0 holds with red, and the edges for which αik<0 with green with red. At least one monochromic triangle should necessarily appear within the curve (according to the Ramsey number R3,3=6). This result is immediately applicable for the analysis of dynamical billiards. The second theorem emerges from the combination of the Jordan curve and Ramsey theorem. The closed curve is considered. We connect the points located within the same region with green links and the points placed within the different regions with red links. In this case, transitivity/intransitivity of the relations between the points should be considered. Ramsey constructions arising from the differential geometry of closed contours are discussed.
Pharmacological Prescription for Atrial Fibrillation, Dyslipidemia and Hypertension: Observational Analytical #TRIGERIA Study in Institutionalized Patients
Authors: Esquirol Caussa Jordi , Herrero Vila Elisabeth , Sánchez Aldeguer Josep
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular prevention is less effective than expected due to the concern about polymedication of professionals and the lack of adherence of patients. Polypills are presented as a possible solution, increasing therapeutic adherence in the medium or long term and improving therapeutic results compared to the administration of drugs separately: they increase effectiveness and Adherence of patients to primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention programs, without increasing the cost of the intervention. OBJECTIVES: Study #Trigeria: to specify the combined prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation, Dyslipidemia and Hypertension and analyze the pharmacological prescription for these pathologies and the possible indications and advantages that would have the prescription of a polypill for these risk factors.METHODS: Observational analytical study on the pathological history in elderly institutionalized in nursing homes and analysis of prescribed oral medication.RESULTS: 169 people analyzed (79.3% women) from 4 nursing homes; 8.9% had a history of Atrial Fibrillation, Dyslipidemia and Arterial Hypertension; these had a higher prevalence of heart disease (42.9%) and Cerebral Vascular Accident (35.7%). Polymedication was present in 88.5%, with an average of 6.94 oral drugs prescribed; among those with the three pathological antecedents, the average number of oral medications was 8.60. Only 26.7% of those with all three factors were prescribed drugs to control them.DISCUSSION: There are high rates of polymedication in the sample and low rates of prescription of antiplatelet agents in people with Atrial Fibrillation (26.5%); the low prescription of statins and antihypertensives of the ACE inhibitor or ARB-II groups may be due to good control with non-pharmacological measures or by the use of other groups of drugs . A polypill holding the drugs that control the three factors studied could increase the prescription rate while simplifying the administration schedule and reducing polymedication by 23.25% improving prescription, increasing adherence and control of risk factors without increasing pharmaceutical expenditure.CONCLUSIONS: There is a low rate of prescription of antiplatelet agents among people with atrial fibrillation. Combination methods (polypills) can increase the suitability of prescriptions in people with polypathology, improving prescribing, simplifying administration and increasing adherence to pharmacological treatments.
Interaction of Lherzolite Xenoliths with Basanite is not Isochemical: Evidence from Tumusun Volcano, Baikal Rift Zone
Authors: Gornova Marina A. , Belyaev Vasiliy A. , Karimov Anas A. , Perepelov Alexander B. , Dril Sergei I.
Published: February 2023

To investigate the process and chemistry of reaction zone formation, we conducted detailed petrographic observations and major-trace element analysis of rocks and minerals of lherzolite xenoliths from basanites of Tumusun volcano (Baikal Rift Zone). The reaction zones gradually disappear from contact toward center of xenoliths. This indicates their formation as a result of lherzolite-basanite interaction. The influence of basanite melt on major-trace element composition of secondary minerals of reaction zones is notable only at distance up to 100-200 μm from the contact. The major-trace element composition of secondary clinopyroxenes from orthopyroxene reaction zone indicates their formation from a melt formed by dissolution of orthopyroxene and influenced by element diffusion from basanite melt. Inside xenoliths the secondary minerals have Mg# values equal to or higher than Mg# of primary minerals. The secondary clinopyroxenes inherit their depleted or enriched REE pattern from primary pyroxenes. The major-trace element variations in secondary clinopyroxenes testify melt heterogeneity. Secondary clinopyroxene has slightly higher LILE and similar abundances of other trace elements compared to unreacted part of clinopyroxene grain. This is consistent with model developed from experimental studies: due to the interaction with basanite, incongruent dissolution of orthopyroxene occurs to form a melt which circulates in lherzolite and leads to pyroxenes and spinel dissolution. Non-dissolved centers of minerals are homogenous and similar in major-trace element composition to primary minerals. The process of peridotite-basanite interaction is not isochemical: even the centers of large xenoliths become enriched in LILE.
Orthodontic Curricula in Undergraduate Dental Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Raghavan Shailaja , Abu Alhaija Elham S. , ALI Kamran
Published: February 2023

Objective: To investigate commonalities and variations in the learning outcomes, curriculum content, assessment methods and competencies in undergraduate orthodontic curricula globally. Methods: This scoping review followed the updated methodological guidance proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A search on electronic databases PubMed, Scopus and Embase was conducted for the last 25 years. Google Scholar was used to identify eligible unpublished and grey literature. Results: The total number of reports identified was 231. After removal of 62 duplicates, 169 reports were included in the title and abstract screening. Finally, 17 studies were included in the review which included 13 cross-sectional surveys, three expert panel proceedings and one discussion paper. Marked variations were reported in undergraduate orthodontic curricula and competency assessments at the level of individual countries, regionally as well as globally. The challenges of imparting competency in orthodontic treatment during undergraduate dental education are also acknowledged. Conclusion: Lack of consistency in undergraduate orthodontic education is evidenced by several Delphi studies to develop consensus on orthodontic teaching in undergraduate programs. A common message emanating from the available studies on undergraduate orthodontic education seems to emphasize a focus on assessment and diagnosis of orthodontic treatment needs of patients and a basic understanding of contemporary treatment options to facilitate patient referral.
Mild Chronic Kidney Disease Associated with Low Bone Formation and Decrease in Phosphate Transporters and Signaling Pathways Gene Expression
Authors: Bogdanova Evdokia , Sadykov Airat , Ivanova Galina , Zubina Irina , Beresneva Olga , Semenova Natalia , Galkina Olga , Parastaeva Marina , Sharoyko Vladimir , Dobronravov Vladimir
Published: February 2023

Background: Initial phases of molecular and cellular maladaptive bone response at early CKD remain mostly unknown. Methods: We induced mild CKD in SHRs by either arterial hypertension lasting six months (sham-operated rats, SO6) or in its’ combination with 3/4 nephrectomy lasting two and six months (Nx2 and Nx6, correspondently). Sham operated SHRs (SO2) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY2) with two-month follow-up served as controls. Animals were fed standard chow containing 0.6% phosphate. We measured creatinine clearance, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, renal interstitial fibrosis, inorganic phosphate (Pi) exchange, intact PTH and FGF23, Klotho, dickkopf-1, sclerostin. And assessed bone response by static histomorphometric indices and gene expression profiles. Results: Mild CKD groups had no increase in renal Pi excretion, FGF23 and PTH levels. Serum Pi, dickkopf-1, and sclerostin were higher in Nx6. Decrease in trabecular bone area and osteocyte number was obvious in SO6. Nx2 and Nx6 had additionally lower osteoblast number. The decline in eroded perimeter was only apparent in Nx6. Significant downregulation of genes related to Pi transport, MAPK, WNT, and BMP signaling accompanied histological alterations in Nx2 and Nx6. Conclusions: We found an association of mild CKD with histological and molecular features suggesting lower bone turnover, which occurred at normal levels of systemic Pi-regulating factors.
Resilience and Resilient Systems of Artificial Intelligence: Tax-Onomy, Models and Methods
Authors: Moskalenko Viacheslav , Kharchenko Vyacheslav , Moskalenko Alona , Kuzikov Borys
Published: February 2023

Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly becoming a component of security-critical applications. The protection of such systems from various types of destructive influences is thus a relevant area of research. The vast majority of previously published works are aimed at reducing vulnerability to certain types of disturbances or implementing certain resilience properties. At the same time, the authors either do not consider the concept of resilience as such, or their understanding varies greatly. This work presents a formalized definition of resilience and its characteristics for artificial intelligence systems from a systemic point of view. It systematizes ideas and approaches to building resilience to various types of disturbances. Taxonomy of resilience of artificial intelligence systems to destructive disturbances is proposed. Approaches and technologies for complex protection of intelligent systems, issues of their resource efficiency and other open research issues are considered. Approaches of resilience assessment for artificial intelligence system are also analyzed and recommendations are provided for their implementation.
Mechanisms, Techniques and Devises of Airborne Virus Detection: A Review
Authors: Chang Yuqing , Wang Yuqian , Li Wen , Wei Zewen , Tang Shichuan , Chen Rui
Published: February 2023

Airborne virus, such as COVID-19, caused pandemics all over the world. Virus-containing particles produced by infected individuals are suspended in the air for extended periods of time, actually results in viral aerosols and the spread of infectious diseases. Aerosol collection and detection devices are essential for limiting the spread of airborne virus diseases. This review provides an overview of the primary mechanisms and enhancement techniques for collecting and detecting airborne viruses. Indoor virus detection strategies for scenarios with varying ventilations are also summarized based on the excellent performance of existing advanced comprehensive devices. This review provides guidance for the development of future aerosol detection devices and aids in the control of airborne transmission diseases, such as COVID-19, monkeypox, and other airborne transmission viruses.
iMAGINE – Visions, Missions, and Steps for Successfully Delivering the Nuclear System of the 21st Century
Authors: Merk Bruno , Litskevich Dzianis , Detkina Anna , Noori-kalkhoran Omid , Jain Lakshay , Derrer-Merk Elfriede , Aflyatunova Daliya , Cartland-Glover Greg
Published: February 2023

Nuclear technologies have the potential to play a major role in the transition to a global net-zero society. Their primary advantage is the capability to deliver controllable 24/7 energy on demand. However, as a prerequisite for successful worldwide application, significant innovation will be required to create the nuclear systems of the 21st century, the need of the hour. The pros and cons of nuclear are discussed and analysed at different levels – the societal and public recognition as well as the scientific/engineering and economic level – to assure a demand driven development. Based on the analysis of the different challenges a vision for the nuclear system of the 21st century is synthesised consisting of three pillars – unlimited nuclear energy, zero waste nuclear, and accident free nuclear. These three combined visions are then transformed into dedicated and verifiable missions which are discussed in detail regarding challenges and opportunities. In the following a stepwise approach for the development of such a highly innovative nuclear system is described. Essential steps to assure active risk reduction and the delivery of quick progress are derived as answer to the critique on the currently observed extensive construction time and cost overruns on new nuclear plants. The 4-step process consisting of basic studies, experimental zero power reactor, small scale demonstrator, and industrial demonstrator is described. The 4 steps including sub-steps deliver the pathway to a successful implementation of such a ground breaking new nuclear system. The potential sub-steps are discussed with the view not only onto the scientific development challenges, but also as an approach to reduce the regulatory challenges of a novel nuclear technology.
Electrostatic Assembly of Anti-Listeria Bacteriophages on a Self-Assembled Monolayer of Aminoundecanethiol: Film Morphology and Charge Transfer Studies
Authors: Fernandes Paula M. V. , Pereira Carlos M. , Campiña José M
Published: February 2023

The integration of bacteriophages, a particular class of viruses that specifically infect bacteria and archaea, in biosensors for the monitoring of pathogens in foods and beverages is highly desirable. To this end, an increasing focus has been set on the exploration of covalent and physical methods for the immobilization of phages on solid surfaces. This work investigates the electrostatic assembly of tailed phages, specifically anti-Listeria monocytogenes P100 phages, on an ultrathin self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-amino-1-undecanethiol (AUT). The cationic properties of AUT may allow for the electrostatic capture of P100 in a capsid-down fashion, thus, exposing the specific receptor-binding proteins on their tails to the corresponding pathogens in analytical samples. The physical properties of immobilized phages have been studied using AFM, SEM, and electrochemical techniques, providing insight into the orientation of the phages and revealing that the pH plays a remarkable role in the morphology and charge transfer behavior of the adsorbed films. Overall, this research portrays SAMs of amino-akylthiols as a valid platform for the oriented immobilization of bacteriophages on surfaces for electroanalytical purposes.
Design and Characterization of a Low-Cost and Efficient Torsional Spring for Lumbar Support Exoskeletons
Authors: Al-Dahiree Omar Sabah , Ghazilla Raja Ariffin Raja , Tokhi Mohammad Osman , Yap Hwa Jen , Gul Mustabshirha
Published: February 2023

The design of torsional springs for Series Elastic Actuators (SEAs) is challenging, especially when it comes to balancing good stiffness characteristics and efficient torque robustness. This study focuses on the design of a lightweight, low-cost, and compact torsional spring for use in rotary series elastic actuator (ES-RSEA) of lumbar support exoskeleton. The exoskeleton is used as an assistive device to prevent lower back injuries. The torsion spring was designed following design for manufacturability (DFM) principles, focusing on minimal space and weight. The design process consisted of determining the potential topology and optimizing the selected topology parameters through finite element method (FEM) to reduce equivalent stress. The prototype was made using a waterjet cutting process with low-cost material (AISI-4140-alloy) and tested using a custom-made test rig. The results showed that the torsion spring had a linear torque-displacement relationship with 99% linearity, and the deviation between FEM simulation and experimental measurements was less than 2%. The torsion spring has a maximum torque capacity of 45.7 Nm and a stiffness of 440 Nm/rad. The proposed torsion spring is a promising option for lumbar support exoskeletons and similar applications requiring high stiffness, low weight-to-torque ratio, and cost-effectiveness.
Identification of Factors Influencing Customer Emotions in Online Shopping of Luxury Cosmetics
Authors: Zam Milad , rezasoltan Amin , Ramezanian Hasan , Tavakoli Mohammadhosein
Published: February 2023

Most buying decisions are affected by the customer's analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the product and its emotional aspects. Psychological and marketing studies have confirmed the role of customer emotions in various stages of the purchasing process. The present study aims to identify the dimensions and factors that potentially influence customer emotions in buying luxury cosmetics. First, in order to identify the various aspects of customer emotions, a qualitative study was conducted using in-depth semi-structured interviews with 23 customers of luxury cosmetics and health products in Telegram groups. This study led to the identification of various dimensions of customer emotions and a list of factors that potentially act as antecedents of emotions in the target population. In the next step, based on group consensus, the antecedents affecting customer emotions were determined. The members of the panel at this stage included 15 specialists and experts in the fields of marketing, psychology, companies importing luxury cosmetics and hygiene products which are active in online networks, as well as managers of luxury cosmetics and hygiene groups in online spaces. The consensus of experts was reached in three stages and 36 factors affecting customers' emotions were determined and ranked based on the relevance or strength of the perceived effect from the point of view of experts. Finally, they were classified into three categories as group and product variables, situational variables, and individual variables.
Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Perangkat Lunak Pengolah Angka dengan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah berbantuan fitur AI pada Microsoft Excel Kelas VII di SMP Sinar Dharma
Authors: Wijaya Minarni , Basori Basori , Wulansari Astika
Published: February 2023

Paradigma pembelajaran saat ini menuntut siswa untuk aktif dalam kelas. Sayangnya masih banya siswa tidak aktif dikarenakan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan guru kurang aktif dan monoton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas, dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi perangkat lunak pengolah angka terutama rumus dan fungsi Microsoft Excel 365 dengan memanfaatkan fitur AI (Artificial Intelligence) pada aplikasi Microsoft Excel 365. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, dimana tiap siklus meliputi tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII B SMP Sinar Dharma, Jakarta tahun pelajaran 2022/2023. Jumlah siswa dalam PTK ini adalah 25 orang. Perolehan data melalui pengamatan dan tes.  Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan pengambilan kesimpulan. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran berbasiskan masalah dengan berbatuan fitur AI dapat meningkatkan aktivitas, dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi rumus dan fungsi pada Microsoft Excel untuk kelas VII B SMP Sinar Dharma, meningkat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan memberikan tes untuk menilai hasil belajar siswa, dan melakukan pengamatan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran untuk melihat respon siswa terhadap model pembelajaran yang digunakan. Berikut adalah hasil yang penulis dapatkan: 1) keaktifan siswa meningkat dari siklus I 60%, menjadi 75,3% pada siklus II, 2)  respon siswa menyenangi penerapan fitur AI pada perangkat lunak pengolah angka Microsoft Excel pada siklus I 56% meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 72%, 3) peningkatan ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I 60% menjadi 76%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran berbasis masalah berbantuan AI pada Microsoft Excel 365 dapat meningkatkan aktivitas, dan hasil belajar siswa.
Feasibility Test Analysis on the UPT Humas UNS Information System
Authors: Zunanta Dimas Tegar , Wihidayat Endar Suprih , Hatta Puspanda
Published: February 2023

The development of the UPT Humas UNS information system is carried out using the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evalution (ADDIE) methods. The evaluation technique used is black box testing involving two programming experts to assess the functional readiness of the information system. The feasibility test was carried out using two methods, namely the usability scale (SUS) system to determine the level of usability and the technology acceptance model (TAM) for acceptance analysis of the UNS Public Relations UPT information system. Based on the evaluation that has been carried out, the UNS Public Relations UPT information system that has been successfully developed can run functionally to serve the 12 existing services with a little record of improvement. Judging from the average SUS score obtained, which is 69.75, it is classified as good overall for the level of usability. For the results of the TAM analysis consisting of 6 TAM research hypotheses, the ease of using SI has a significant effect on the expediency and attitude in using SI. The expediency of SI has a significant effect on the attitude to use and the intention to use SI. The attitude to use SI has a significant effect on the intention to use SI and the intention to use SI has a significant effect on the actual use of the system.
Evaluasi Penerapan Metode Problem-based Learning untuk Motivasi Siswa dalam Mata Pelajaran Informatika di SMA Kabupaten Klaten
Authors: Hendarjo Hendarjo
Published: February 2023

The current use of information and communication technology in education still needs to be more attractive to students. With this, the researcher conducted research activities to increase student motivation in informatics subjects using the Problem-Based Learning method in the Klaten district high school. Classroom Action Research was used to collect data with class X students at one of the high schools in the Klaten district, totalling fifteen students. Purposive sampling techniques were used in data sampling, observation, and interviews. This study used one cycle with descriptive data analysis techniques. The study results showed an increase in the motivation of class X students in informatics subjects at the Klaten district high school using the Problem-Based Learning method.
Multilevel System of Studying Plague Microbe Strains Proprties in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Meka-Mechenko T. V. , Erubaev T. K. , Begimbaeva E. Zh. , Kovaleva G. G. , Abdel Z. Zh. , Sutyagin V. V. , Izbanova U. A.
Published: February 2023

The study of freshly isolated cultures is necessary to form an objective idea of the properties of plague microbe natural populations. The analysis of the levels of investigating the properties of strains has been carried out and the characteristics of Yersinia pestis in Kazakhstan are presented. The results of studying the phenotypic and genetic properties of plague microbe natural strains are provided. Following the epizootiological survey of natural plague foci, the museums of live cultures at plague control stations annually receive strains of plague pathogen, which are transferred to the National Collection of Microorganisms of the National Scientific Center of Particularly Dangerous Infections (NSCPDI). One of the main points of Y. pestis strains analysis is the determination of their typicality/atypicality. The study of strains begins at the moment of their isolation by anti-epidemic units. The primary identification of strains is carried out in laboratories of anti-epidemic units by morphology, sensitivity to plague and pseudotuberculosis bacteriophages, fermentation of glycerol, rhamnose and sucrose. In the laboratories of plague control stations and departments, fermentation of maltose and arabinose, denitrification, amino acid requirements, virulence, sensitivity to antibiotics are additionally investigated. Analysis of strains virulence includes determination of calcium dependence, the presence and amount of F1, pesticinogenicity and sensitivity to pesticin 1 and virulence for white mice. The assessment and preservation of the collected gene pool in the NSCPDI National Collection includes various activities, one of the main ones is an in-depth study of all features using standard microbiological methods, molecular methods for complete identification and creation of a data bank containing information about the genome of strains at different intensity of the epizootic process. The NSCPDI has a digital database on the registration and movement of strains, equipment for molecular research. The collection evaluates properties, systematizes information, and ensures the viability of plague pathogen strains for longterm storage.
SNP-Profiles of Yersinia pestis Strains of the Medieval Biovar from the Caspian Sea Region Plague Foci
Authors: Balykova A. N. , Kukleva L. M. , Goryunova P. A. , Shevchenko K. S. , Kovrizhnikov A. V. , Krasnov Ya. M. , Chervyakova N. S. , Eroshenko G. A. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: February 2023

The SNP-typing method based on the detection of stable genetic markers in the genome, i.e., single nucleotide polymorphisms, is successfully used for genotyping of pathogenic microorganisms and can be applied for SNP-profiling of Yersinia pestis strains and molecular-genetic certification of focal areas. The aim of the study was to determine the SNP profiles of Y. pestis strains of the medieval biovar isolated in the Caspian Sea region plague foci in 1912–2015 and to develop a method for identifying unique SNPs using the Sanger sequencing for molecular-genetic certification of these territories. Materials and methods. A comprehensive study of the phenotypic and genotypic properties of 190 Y. pestis strains from plague foci in the Caspian Sea region was carried out. Phylogenetic reconstruction by the Maximum Likelihood method (GTR model) in the SeaView 5.0.4 software was performed on the basis of 1621 SNPs identified among 50 Y. pestis strains according to WG-SNP analysis in the snippy 4.6 program. Primers for PCR amplification of the SNP loci selected as target were calculated using the Vector NTI program. Sanger sequencing of SNPs loci was conducted on an ABI PRISM 3500XL genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA). Results and discussion. According to phenotypic characteristics, all studied strains from the Caspian foci belonged to a highly virulent and epidemically significant medieval biovar of the main subspecies of Y. pestis. According to the results of the WG-SNP analysis, 9 SNP genotypes were identified based on the polymorphism of single nucleotides of 24 genes characteristic of the main phylopopulations, which include strains isolated during various periods of epidemic and epizootic activity in the Caspian plague foci. Determining of SNP genotypes of Y. pestis strains of the medieval biovar, obtained over a hundred years in the Caspian foci, creates the prerequisites for defining the canonical SNP profile (canSNP) and for developing an algorithm for molecular epidemiological monitoring of the foci in which this highly virulent biovar circulates.
Results of Field and Laboratory Studies of Carriers and Vectors of Natural-Focal Infections on the Territory of the Republic of Armenia
Authors: Manucharyan A. , Danielyan R. , Melik-Andreasyan G. , Avetisyan L. , Vanyan A.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study was to assess the current epizootic potential of the Transcaucasian high-mountain and Pre-Araks low-mountain natural plague foci on the territory of the Republic of Armenia using GIS technologies. Materials and methods. We used the data from an epizootiological survey, records of the abundance and species composition, spatial distribution of rodents and ectoparasites in the plague-enzootic territories of the Republic of Armenia in 2021. Results and discussion. Based on the results of the research, an electronic database of carriers and vectors of pathogens of natural-focal zoonotic infections in the plague-enzootic territories of the Republic of Armenia has been created. Applying GIS technologies, an assessment of the spatial distribution of carriers and vectors of plague has been made and areas of circulation of tularemia and leptospirosis pathogens identified. The results obtained serve as the basis for improving the efficiency of planning and carrying out preventive measures aimed at ensuring the epidemiological welfare as regards natural-focal infectious diseases in the territory of the Republic of Armenia.
COVID-19 POPULISM CHALLENGES AND CHINA’S FINANCIAL LAW RESPONSES: THREE EMERGING CASE SCENARIOS
Authors: Shen Wei , Shang Carrie Shu , Fang Li
Published: February 2023

China’s increasing engagement in international governance has had significant ramifications in international rule-making and institutional build-up. The post-COVID-19 era has seen a rise of populism in China, as well as an elevation of China’s significance in international governance. This article offers a new perspective on China’s growing influence in the midst of resurgent populism, by focusing on three case scenarios: defending state liability in public health crisis lawsuits, championing financial multilateralism, and an emerging digital currency landscape. The argument made here is that China’s status as a rising power has led it to advocate for international rules, standards, and institutions in a de-Americanised and anti-populist manner.
LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE CENTRAL BANK’S GREEN FINANCE INSTRUMENTS IN INDONESIA: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Nursahla Ratu Silfa Addiba , Paramayoga Nismara , Muhammad Anas Fadli  , Muhammad Pravest Hamidi
Published: February 2023

For experts in the field of central banking, the growth of green finance presents a significant opportunity for of research. This rapid emergence of green finance springs from the urgent need to address the threat of climate damage and the important role of central banks in supporting this transition to sustainability. In this study, we utilise the legal instruments framework proposed by Volz to analyse the legal aspects of green finance within the context of the central bank in Indonesia. Our findings indicate that Bank Indonesia, as well as the Financial Service Authority, has a range of regulatory tools at its disposal to influence borrowing and lending policies, as well as investment choices. Several green finance instruments have been created under Indonesian laws and regulations, including loan to value/finance to value, green finance guidelines and frameworks, and affirmative measures to support green finance. The future of the legal framework on green finance in Indonesia looks promising, with the implementation of sustainable finance from businesses and support from the government. However, there is still room for Bank Indonesia to adopt additional regulatory instruments, such as incentives for redirecting resources to low-carbon investments to further promote sustainable finance.