bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REFORMA AGRARIA DI BIDANG TANAH PERCATON
Authors: Supraptiningsih Umi
Published: October 2023

The loss of Village treasure land (tanah kas desa) known asPercatonbecomes a severe concern. Percaton land is lost or has been converted its ownership because an application has been submitted. Regarding this, the land is considered either as state land or transferred to another party. Percaton land is part of the village treasury land, which is used for the welfare of the village, including the village head and the officials. In line with this, this paper aims to explore the Agrarian Reform in terms of village treasure land protection. It was based on the finding of the study that implementing qualitative research design. The data was obtained by conducting interviews, observation, and documentation (which is taken from news and jurisprudence). The finding revealed that the loss and the release of Percaton (the transfer of ownership) were happened because of the system that can provide legalcertainty. The parties who are supposed to protect and be responsible for the existence of village treasury lands, in fact, make the village treasury lands unable to function which is in accordance with the purpose of the village treasury lands. The followings are some reasons why the ownership of Percatonis lost and transferred to other parties. First, the management ofpercatonland –the land managed by the head of the village and the officials during their tenure-is complicated because they have notyet wholeheartedly and voluntarily surrendered the percaton land to their successor (the next leaders). Second, an independent and effective government monitoring and evaluation of the management of Percaton lands has not been implemented yet. The monitoring and assessment should be based on article 112 jo article 115 point g of the Village Law No. 11 of 2014 are carried out by the city/ regency government vertically and Village Consultative Agency horizontally. Third, the accountability reports and the handover of all village assets (which should be carried out in front of the BPD, community leaders, sub-district heads, and regents/mayors) are not carried out by the head and village officials before their tenure.
Konflik Norma Kewenangan Pembuatan Akta yang Berkaitan dengan Pertanahan
Authors: Andreasari Letizia Dessy
Published: October 2023

The authority of Notaries and Land Deed Officials in making land deeds is still conflicting (conflict of norms). Land deeds made by Notaries based on Article 15 paragraph (2) UUJN were rejected by the National Land Agency (BPN) on the grounds that the deeds were under the authority of the Land Deed Making Official. BPN insists that the authority to make land deeds is the authority of Land Deed Making Officials based on Government Regulation Number 37 of 1998 concerning Position Regulations for Land Deed Making Officials which are implementing regulations of Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles Regulations. On the other hand, if it is based on the provisions of the Notary Position Regulations (PJN) according to Article 1 Staatblad 1860 Number 3, the official appointed to make deeds of transfer and assignment of land rights is a Notary. These two things make the notary's authority and the PPAT's authority in making deeds related to land become disharmonious and ultimately result in conflicting norms. Resolving the legal disharmony in regulating the authority of Notaries and PPATs in making land deeds can be carried out based on the principle of lex superiori derogate lex inferiori as in legal theory (Preference Theory). There needs to be harmonization of these two norms by creating a PPAT Law so that the positions of Notaries and PPATs are equal and also that PPAT deed products become authentic because they fulfill the elements of Article 1868 BW, namely the form of the deed is regulated in the Law.
Hubungan Antara Tingkat Pendapatan Masyarakat dengan Kejahatan Penyerobotan Tanah Negara dan Kerusakan Hutan di Kelurahan Manutapen Kecamatan Alak Kota Kupang
Authors: Banoet Charles , Pattiruhu Fransina
Published: October 2023

Land is a gift from God Almighty to mankind on earth. Tanak raids, whether intentional or unintentional, in Indonesia in general and especially in Kupang City, NTT, specifically in Manutapen Village, Alak District, also attract the attention of many people. Specifically related to cases of state land grabbing that occurred in the teak forest area in Manutapen Subdistrict, historically this has occurred since 1985. Weak supervision from the relevant agencies that have a direct interest in state forest areas, is one of the factors that causes/triggers cases of state land grabbing. which has an impact on environmental damage to the forest (teak) area in Manutapen Village, Alak District, Kupang City.
A Serious Game for Cognitive Stimulation of Older People With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Design and Pilot Usability Study
Authors: Ortega Morán Juan Francisco , Pagador J Blas , Gilete Preciado Vicente , Moyano-Cuevas José Luis , Rodríguez Domínguez Trinidad , Santurino Muñoz Marta , Sánchez Margallo Francisco M
Published: October 2023

Background

Cognitive stimulation of older people helps prevent, and even treat, age-related diseases, such as mild cognitive impairment. Playing games reduces the probability of experiencing this pathology, which is related to the loss of the ability to carry out some instrumental activities of daily living.

Objective

This work describes the design and development of a serious game for the cognitive stimulation of older people, with exercises related to the daily life task of shopping. A pilot study for its preliminary usability validation is also presented.

Methods

The designed serious game includes 4 exercises consisting of shopping in a hypermarket, ordering products, making payments, and organizing the purchase, thus dealing with the most frequent cognitive problems of older people associated with episodic declarative memory, naming, calculation, and organization, respectively.

Results

A total of 19 older people participated in the pilot study for the usability validation of the serious game. They indicated that they like the aesthetic and interesting topic of the game. They reported that it provides a high level of entertainment and could be useful in daily life for mental stimulation. The participants found the serious game to be intuitive, but the ease of use and readability of the instructions could be improved.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the innovative serious game developed could be accepted by older people for their cognitive stimulation to prevent or treat mild cognitive impairment, although a long-term intervention study should be performed as future work. Its ecological validity design, with everyday tasks, adaptable levels of difficulty, and motivational mechanisms, is a differentiating factor compared to similar serious games.
In-Person and Teleconsultation Services at a National Hospital in Peru: Time Series Analysis of General and Psychiatric Care Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: Villarreal-Zegarra David , García-Serna Jackeline , Segovia-Bacilio Piero , Mayo-Puchoc Nikol , Navarro-Flores Alba , Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a global reduction in health care accessibility for both infected and noninfected patients, posing a particular burden on those with chronic conditions, including mental health issues. Peru experienced significant devastation from the pandemic, resulting in a collapsed health care system and leading to the world’s highest per capita mortality rate as a result of COVID-19. Understanding the trends in health care utilization, particularly in mental health care, is crucial for informing pandemic response efforts and guiding future recovery strategies.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to analyze the trends of outpatient medical and psychiatric consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic in a national hospital in Peru.

METHODS

This observational study was conducted at a national hospital in Lima, Peru. We analyzed data on user care across all services, including psychiatric services, from May 2019 to December 2022. The data were calculated for users served per month, including the number of users seen monthly in mental health services. Sociodemographic variables such as sex (female or male), age (≥0 years), type of medical appointment (regular or additional), and modality of care (in-person or teleconsultations) were taken into account. An interrupted time series regression model was conducted to assess the number of outpatient medical and psychiatric consultations. Subgroup analyses were performed based on service modality, including overall consultations, telemonitoring/teleconsultations only, or face-to-face only, for all service users and for mental health service users.

RESULTS

A total of 1,515,439 participants were included, with females comprising 275,444/484,994 (56.80%) of the samples. Only 345,605/1,515,439 (22.81%) visits involved telemedicine. The total monthly outpatient visits were significantly reduced compared with the expected projection (P<.001) at the beginning of the pandemic, followed by a later monthly increment of 298.7 users. Face-to-face interventions experienced a significant reduction at the beginning of the pandemic (P<.001), gradually recovering in the following months. By contrast, telemedicine use initially increased but subsequently declined toward the end of the pandemic. A similar trend was observed in mental health units.

CONCLUSIONS

During the pandemic years, health care utilization in both general and psychiatric services experienced a significant decrease, particularly at the beginning of the pandemic (March 2020). However, no significant trends were observed in either case throughout the pandemic period. Telemedicine consultations witnessed a significant increase overall during this period, particularly among mental health users.
Measurement of Medication Adherence Behavior in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using Probabilistic Medication Adherence Scale (ProMAS)
Authors: Rahmawati Dini Ayu , Widayanti, MPH., Apt., Ph.D. Anna Wahyuni , Kristina Susi Ari
Published: October 2023

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long-term treatment, which affects medication adherence. Adherence measurement can be done using a questionnaire approach, such as the Probabilistic Medication Adherence Scale (ProMAS) questionnaire. This study aims to determine the relationship between demographic factors and medication adherence scores in patients with diabetes mellitus. The research uses a quantitative research approach with a cross-sectional design. Convenience sampling method was used to select 112 respondents between January-April 2023 at various primary healthcare facilities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The ProMAS scoring results showed that 42.9% of respondents had moderate-to-high adherence levels and 41.1% had high adherence levels. It can be said that patients with diabetes mellitus in Yogyakarta are adherent in using medication. The most frequent non-adherent behavior was found in 4 questions: respondents forgot to take or inject medication (61.61%); respondents took or injected medication (one of them) slower than usual schedule (55.36%); respondents did not always take or inject medication at exactly the same time every day (62.5%); and respondents forgot to take or inject medication at least once in the past month (58.04%). Based on the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, a p-value of <0.001 was obtained, indicating that the data was not normally distributed. Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between age (p=0.059) and adherence level. For the variables of total adherence score with total number of medications (p=0.472) and frequency of medication (p=0.485), the results showed no significant relationship between these variables. The relationship between total adherence score and gender (p=0.422); payment method (p=0.937); need for assistance (p=0.597); type of medication (p=0.467); highest education level (p=0.251); and employment status (p=0.521) showed no significant relationship between these variables. This indicates that diabetes mellitus patients with low or high adherence levels are not affected by the above factors.
Estrategias de Asistencialismo estatal y calidad de vida en Colombia
Authors: Barreto T. Juan Alejandro
Published: October 2023

La política asistencialista impulsada por el gobierno, busca promover el desarrollo, generar impactos en nivel de vida, disminuir la pobreza y miseria, mejorar la salud y la educación de poblaciones vulnerables, contrarrestar dificultades por carencia de oportunidades laborales, rezago tecnológico, deficiencias en infraestructura física, cobertura en servicios públicos, haciendo necesario asumir daños causados por la violencia, el desplazamiento y los fenómenos naturales, lo que trae incertidumbre y desesperanza entre las gentes. Dichas políticas resultan siendo focos de corrupción ineficientes, difíciles de implementar, incrementando la problemática planteada, con impacto contrario al socialmente esperado, lo cual es objeto de la presente reflexión.
La fuerza de la yuca en las mujeres yukuna-matapí: una potencia mediadora entre sistemas económicos en la Amazonia oriental colombiana
Authors: Rosas Riaño Diana
Published: October 2023

El proceso ritual de la menarca en las mujeres yukuna-matapí es un conocimiento corporal que se encarna como fuerza de la yuca, y que se materializa en una efectiva productividad económica y una eficiente capacidad reproductiva. Mediante una apuesta etnográfica multisituada, reconstruyo las trayectorias de movilidad de cuatro mujeres en la interface rural/urbano en el resguardo del Mirití y las ciudades de Leticia y Bogotá. Realzo la manera como la fuerza de la yuca les permite interactuar, confrontar y resolver las sujeciones derivadas del cruce entre el sistema económico del don, que sustenta la organización social de la maloca, y el sistema económico capitalista. Con una perspectiva fenomenológica y etnopoética, en el artículo analizo las cuatro experiencias corporales y narrativas que se cruzan entre estos regímenes económicos.
“Por eso uno sabe hoy, pero no sabe mañana”. Presencia fantasmal de la violencia y vida cotidiana en un pueblo colombiano
Authors: Ruiz Romero Gabriel
Published: October 2023

El artículo indaga cómo la violencia afecta a quienes, sin ser víctimas directas, viven en contextos donde ella se impone. Se argumenta que la lógica espectral de la violencia, su presencia-ausente, atraviesa las formas cotidianas de relacionamiento social y rompe con la oposición entre lo cotidiano y lo extraordinario. A partir de un trabajo de etnografía conmutante, realizado en un municipio colombiano dominado por estructuras neoparamilitares, y de un ejercicio autoetnográfico del autor, el texto concluye que la confrontación del fantasma de la violencia exige a los pobladores de un territorio dominado por ella hacer una distinción práctica entre la vida cotidiana en acto y la vida violenta en potencia.
Managerial competence and innovation performance: The mediating role of willingness to change, entrepreneurial orientation and culture
Authors: Abdelwahed Nadia Abdelhamid Abdelmegeed , Alshaikhmubarak Abdulrahman
Published: October 2023

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) significantly influence Saudi Arabia’s economic stability and growth. However, this industry faces significant managerial competence (MC) and innovation performance (IP) obstacles. Based on the findings of previous studies, i.e., Kellermanns and Eddleston (2006), De Clercq et al. (2015), Vafaei-Zadeh et al. (2019) and Renwarin et al. (2023) and the dire need for further exploration, the researchers developed the conceptual framework and model for confirmation in the context of Saudi Arabia. The study aims to investigate the direct and indirect linkages between MC and IP, mediated by a willingness to change (WTC), entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and entrepreneurial culture (EC) among SMEs in Saudi Arabia. The study used responses from 368 managers of Saudi Arabian SMEs. The structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis results confirmed that MC has a significant positive effect on WTC, IP, EO and EC. Besides, the factors such as WTC, EO, and EC positively and significantly affect IP. Finally, the mediation analysis through path analysis suggests a mediating role of WTC, EO and EC between MC and IP. The findings of this study can assist SME managers in making informed resource allocation decisions that can lead to maximum outcomes for their businesses. Besides, this study can help SME managers overcome challenges while improving their organizations’ innovation performance.
Editorial: Panta rei — Finance changes too
Authors: Allodi Evita
Published: October 2023

It is to a Greek philosopher named Heraclitus, who lived between the 6th and 5th centuries B.C. in Ephesus, an Ionian city in the Anatolian peninsula (part of present-day Türkiye), that is attributed to the maxim “panta rei”, literally “everything flows, everything is in constant motion”. Heraclitus reflects that man can never experience the same thing twice, since every entity, in its apparent reality, is subject to the inexorable law of change. In this third issue of the journal Risk Governance & Control: Financial Markets & Institutions, the common thread running through the published research is the aphorism “panta rei” as all research is inspired by changes and innovations that contribute to the advancement of science.
Islamic Work Ethics in Indonesia Islamic Microfinance Institutions: A Bibliometric Review and Analysis
Authors: Christiyanto Wenda Wahyu , Hadi Senen Syamsul , Rofaida Rofi
Published: October 2023

The concept of "Islamic Work Ethics at Islamic Micro Finance Institutions in Indonesia" is a development of "Islamic work ethics", studied and applied in sharia-based microfinance institutions, especially those in Indonesia, considering that Indonesia is the most prominent Islamic country in the world. This paper provides an extensive bibliometric literature overview on "Islamic Work Ethics at Islamic Micro Finance Institutions in Indonesia". Publish or Perish (PoP) software found articles related to the topic, with a database sourced from Google Scholar. 596 of the 990 articles from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed from Google Scholar's database. The selected references are managed using reference manager software, Mendeley. After processing Google Scholar's database, this paper orders and imagines it utilizing VOSviewer. In general, this paper gives an incredible reference highlight for future research on "Islamic Work Ethics at Islamic Micro Finance Institution in Indonesia".
The dynamics of family harmony in the Javanese weton perspective
Authors: Hidayati Anni Nurul , Idris Jarir , Marhamah Uswatun
Published: October 2023

The day of birth is considered as a sacred day relating to the marriage concept well-known as weton, and it is a hereditary heritage. Javanese believe that weton influences psychological aspects relating to social life. This study examines weton measurement that is conceived to take an action and a decision, including in the marriage aspect. This study employs qualitative description to elaborate the phenomena. In addition, this study utilizes ethnography to seek the social pattern in Kartasura, Central Java. The result shows that ancient people used weton as a fundamental aspect to decide their heir’s marriage, and the weton is related to philosophical values upholding family harmony. Therefore, weton becomes popular among Javanese to decide every aspect of life, including marriage.
Law of Nanoscale Materials in Food
Authors: L Ilise Feitshans
Published: October 2023

Food touches every human and every other species in the world throughout
daily life. Food is therefore the subject of extensive regulation
nationally, internationally across trade agreements, and under some
religious law as well. Nanotechnology has been applied to food since the
late 20 century with attendant implications for
food quality, quantity, and distribution. Applications of nanotechnology
impacting food “from field to fork” include: more effective
formulation of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides; nanosilver as an
antibacterial in food handling and refrigeration; carbon nanotubes for
secure and durable packaging Titanium dioxide to make food white,
fluffy, and attractive to consumers; and nano-biosensors to detect
temperature changes that might cause spoilage, thereby helping to
prevent food loss. One nanoscale material in particular, Titanium
Dioxide, has been subject to litigation and banned in Europe. By
contrast, it is generally recognized as safe under USA laws, and has no
specific federal limit if it consists of one percent or less of the
total food involved. But, California’s assembly has also introduced
legislation to ban this substance, and therefore the role of
nanotechnology applied to food, shaping new laws and spawning
litigation, is a hot new legal issue.
The nightmare of catheter ablation in a young male with incessant supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Lin Chin-Yu , Cao Dat Tran
Published: October 2023

Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy could present with acute heart
failure, and an electrophysiology study with ablation was proven
effective treatment in these circumstances. However, an invasive
emergency procedure could always carry an increasing risk of
complication, which could be devastating in a failing heart. We reported
a case with incessant refractory supraventricular tachycardia and the
ablation therapy complicated by ventricular fibrillation. Despite such a
mishap, we managed to eliminate the accessory pathway as the cause of
the tachycardia, and the patient was successfully treated with
percutaneous cardiopulmonary support.
New adaptative numerical algorithm for solving partial integro-differential equations
Authors: Zeghdane Rebiha
Published: October 2023

The paper introduces an acurrate numerical appraoch based on orthonormal
Bernoulli polynomials for solving parabolic partial integro-
differential equations (PIDEs). This type of equations arises in physics
and engineering. Some operational matrix are given for these polynomials
and are also used to obtain the numerical solution. By this approach,
the problem is transformed into a nonlinear algebraic system.
Convergence analysis is given and some experiment tests are studied to
examine the good accuracy of the numerical algorithm, the proposed
technique is compared with some other well known methods.
Regionalne zróżnicowanie wykorzystania instrumentów wsparcia rolnictwa i obszarów wiejskich z uwzględnieniem ich zrównoważonego rozwoju
Authors: Kutkowska Barbara
Published: October 2023

W opracowaniu dokonano analizy do wdrażania płatności bezpośrednich oraz poszczególnych działań tworzących PROW oraz SPO Restrukturyzacja i modernizacja sektora żywnościowego oraz rozwój obszarów wiejskich w latach 2004-2006. Celem badań była ocena wykorzystania działań związanych z tymi programami przez rolników i mieszkańców wsi w powiatach dolnośląskich. W tym czasie województwo dolnośląskie uzyskało wsparcie finansowe z obu programów i z tytułu dopłat bezpośrednich w kwocie około 1,9 mld złotych. Największy udział w finansowaniu miało działanie związane ze wspieraniem terenów ONW oraz renty strukturalne, a także wspieranie inwestycji w gospodarstwach rolniczych i ułatwianie startu młodym rolnikom. Wykorzystanie kwot wsparcia było zróżnicowane w zależności od warunków lokalnych i stanu rolnictwa. Największymi beneficjentami okazali się mieszkańcy powiatu kłodzkiego i wrocławskiego. W opracowaniu zwrócono także uwagę na znaczenie poszczególnych instrumentów w realizacji celów zrównoważonego rozwoju rolnictwa i obszarów wiejskich.
Exocrine pancreas in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: different patterns of fibrosis, metaplasia, angiopathy, and adiposity
Authors: J Wright Jordan , Eskaros Adel , Windon Annika , Bottino Rita , Jenkins Regina , M Bradley Amber , Aramandla Radhika , Philips Sharon , Kang Hakmook , C Saunders Diane , Brissova Marcela , C Powers Alvin , Pancreas Analysis Program Human
Published: October 2023

The endocrine and exocrine compartments of the pancreas are spatially related but functionally distinct. Multiple diseases affect both compartments, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and pancreatic cancer. To better understand how the exocrine pancreas changes with age, obesity, and diabetes, we performed systematic analysis of well-preserved tissue sections from the pancreatic head, body, and tail of organ donors with T1D (n = 20), type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 25), and donors with no diabetes (ND, n = 74). Among ND donors, we found that acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), angiopathy, and pancreatic adiposity increased with age, while ADM and adiposity also increased with BMI. Compared to age- and sex-matched ND organs, T1D pancreata had greater acinar atrophy and angiopathy with fewer intralobular adipocytes. T2D pancreata had greater ADM, angiopathy, and total T lymphocytes, but no difference in adipocyte number, compared to ND organs. While total pancreatic fibrosis was increased in both T1D and T2D, the pattern was different with T1D pancreata having greater periductal and perivascular fibrosis, whereas T2D pancreata had greater lobular and parenchymal fibrosis. Thus, the exocrine pancreas undergoes distinct changes as individuals age or develop T1D or T2D. 
Effect of Tooth Bleach on Dentin Fatigue Resistance in Situ
Authors: Fitzgerald JM , Souza G De , Tam L
Published: October 2023

Background

Negative effects of bleaching on dentin have previously been reported in vitro.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching on dentin fatigue resistance using a clinically relevant in situ model.

Methods and Materials

Following research ethics board approval, 60 human teeth requiring extraction were collected. Sterilized human dentin specimens were cut (1.2x1.2x10 mm) and secured into customized bleaching trays to be used by study participants. Participants were randomly assigned to either bleach (10% carbamide peroxide, n=23) or control (gel without bleach, n=26) treatment groups. Treatment was applied to the bleaching trays and worn overnight by participants for 14 days. After treatment completion, dentin specimens were removed from the bleaching trays and subjected to fatigue testing (10 N, 3 mm/s, 2x105 cycles) while submerged in artificial saliva. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to compare the number of cycles to failure during fatigue testing in both groups. A log rank test was run to determine if there were differences in the survival distribution between the two groups (α<0.05).

Results

The median number of cycles to failure was 352 ± 202 and 760 ± 644 for the bleach and control groups, respectively. The survival distributions for the two groups were significantly different (p=0.020). Dentin fatigue resistance was significantly lower in the bleach group compared to the control.

Conclusions

Direct bleaching of human dentin using an at-home tray bleaching protocol in situ reduced dentin fatigue resistance. This has implications for tooth fracture risk and longevity.
Influence of the Crystallization Firing Process on Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Silicate-based Glass-ceramic Inlays Fabricated With a CAD/CAM Chairside System
Authors: Kobayashi M , Niizuma Y , Sugai R , Manabe A
Published: October 2023

Objective

Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems are widely used in dental treatment. Clinicians can use chairside CAD/CAM technology, which has the advantage of being able to fabricate inlays on the same day. We aimed to evaluate the effects of crystallization firing processes, fabrication methods (one-step and two-step), and materials on marginal and internal adaptations of silicate-based glass-ceramic all-ceramic inlays fabricated with CAD/CAM chairside systems.

Methods

Ten artificial mandibular left first molars were prepared with standardized ceramic class II mesialocclusal (MO) inlay cavities. Optical impressions were obtained using CEREC Omnicam Ban. IPS e-max CAD (IE), (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Initial LiSi Block (LS) (Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan), VITA Suprinity (SP), (Vita Zahnfabrick, Bad Säckingen, Germany), and Celtra Duo (CD) (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) (n=10) were milled using CEREC MC XL (Bensheim, Germany). IE and SP were crystallization-fired using CEREC Speed Fire. The silicone replica technique was used for the measurement of internal (axial and pulpal walls) and marginal (cervical and occlusal edge) adaptations. The adaptations were measured using a thin layer of light-body polyvinyl siloxane impression material placed between the master tooth inlay preparation and restoration. Marginal and internal adaptations of IE, LS, SP, and CD were measured using a stereomicroscope (500×). For IE and SP, marginal and internal adaptations were measured before and after the crystallization firing process. Data analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test. For IE and SP, marginal and internal adaptations before and after the crystallization firing process were analyzed using the t-test. The significance level was set at α=0.05.

Results

One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in occlusal and cervical edge marginal adaptations among the material groups (p<0.001). The Tukey HSD test revealed a significant difference in marginal occlusal and cervical edge adaptations between LS and CD groups and IE and SP groups (p≤0.05). For IE and SP inlays, the t-test revealed a significant difference between occlusal and cervical edge adaptations before the crystallization firing process and those after the crystallization firing process, with the latter group showing a more significant discrepancy in adaptation than the former group (p≤0.05).

Conclusions

Fabrication methods (one- and two-step) affected the marginal adaptation compatibility but not internal compatibility of MO inlays. The crystallization firing process affected the marginal adaptation of inlays using lithium silicate or lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. However, adaptation to the cavity was considered clinically acceptable for all materials.
Comparison of the Time and Accuracy of Intraoral Scans Performed by Dentists, Nurses, Postgraduates, and Undergraduates
Authors: Gao M , Guo X , Fu Y , Li M , Ma X , Chen Z
Published: October 2023

Objective

This study aimed to assess the scanning time (ST) and accuracy of 10 repeated upper and lower dentition scans by four groups of operators with different professional backgrounds.

Methods

There were a total of 32 participants, including dentists, nurses, postgraduates, and undergraduates (n=8). They received the same training about intraoral scanning and then performed 10 repeat scans on the plaster maxillary and mandibular dentition models in a manikin head, with the first five scans being the T1 phase and the last five scans being the T2 phase. Each ST was recorded. Trueness and precision were evaluated by root mean square (RMS) value gained from alignments of corresponding virtual models. For statistical analysis, the paired-sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests were employed (α=0.05).

Results

Limiting the comparison in scan phase and scan target the sequence of STs for the four groups was the same (p<0.05), by which undergraduates, postgraduates, nurses, and dentists were in descending order. Undergraduates gained the best precision, followed by postgraduates, dentists, and nurses, in both maxillary and mandibular scanning (p<0.05). Compared with corresponding items of the T1 phase, the trueness of the T2 phase was much higher (p<0.05), while the ST of the T2 phase was much shorter (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The operator’s professional background affects the precision and scanning time but not the trueness. Most dental personnel have good access to the intraoral scanner. As the number of scans increased, the accuracy and scanning efficiency also improved.
Effects of Hydrofluoric Acid Concentrations, Commercial Brands, and Adhesive Application on the Bond Strength of a Resin Luting Agent to Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic
Authors: dos Santos DRC , Pacheco RR , Komegae GH , da Silva JA , Lima DANL , Pini NIP , Sundfeld D
Published: October 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the surface topography/roughness and bond strength of a resin luting agent to a lithium disilicate glass ceramic after etching with different concentrations of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and commercial brands.

Methods

For bond strength evaluation, 260 lithium disilicate glass ceramic (EMX) discs were randomly distributed into 13 groups based on concentrations of HF and commercial brands (n=20): 5% and 10%, Lysanda (LY5 and LY10); 5% and 10%, Maquira (MA5 and MA10); 5% and 10%, FGM (FG5 and FG10); 4.8%, Ivoclar Vivadent (IV5); 5% and 10%, PHS do Brasil (PH5 and PH10); 5% and 10%, BM4 (BM5 and BM10); 9%, Ultradent Inc (UL10); and Dentsply (DE10). A further random distribution (n=10) was made based on the application (+) or absence (−) of an adhesive layer. Resin luting agent cylinders (1 mm in diameter) were added on EMX surfaces, light-cured, and stored for 24 hours in deionized water at 37°C. On a universal testing machine (DL 500, EMIC), specimens were submitted to a microshear bond strength test at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. A representative etched EMX disc from each group underwent surface topography analysis using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (n=1), and five (n=5) etched EMX discs from each group were tested for surface roughness. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05).

Results

A less conditioned and smoother surface was observed for 5% HF compared to 10%. Additionally, commercial brands of HF were shown to affect bond strength. When the adhesive layer was not used (−), a 10% concentration promoted higher bond strengths to EMX. However, when adhesive was applied (+), the concentrations of HF and commercial brands had no effect on bond strength results.

Conclusions

A 10% concentration of HF results in higher bond strength than a 5% concentration. If an adhesive layer is applied, neither this distinction nor the influence of commercial brands is observed.
Técnicas e Instrumentos para la Recolección de Datos que Apoyan a la Investigación Cientí­fica en Tiempo de Pandemia
Authors:   Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, Cisneros Caicedo Alicia Jacqueline , Guevara García Axel Fabián ,   Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, Urdánigo Cedeño Johnny Jesús ,   Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, Garcés Bravo Julio Enmanuel ,   Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí
Published: October 2023

La declaratoria de pandemia por la COVID-19 condujo a la urgente necesidad de ejecutar investigaciones cientí­ficas en entornos virtuales para hacer frente a la misma, alterando las dinómicas tradicionales de relacionamiento en la sociedad. Debido a la nueva normalidad instaurada en el mundo, la población se vio obligada a incursionar en tiempo record en el uso y manejo de las Tecnologí­as de la Información y la Comunicación, que pasaron de ser consideradas como simples sistemas computacionales a constituirse en herramientas fundamentales que apoyan el desarrollo cientí­fico y académico. Los especialistas analizaron las técnicas empleadas para el levantamiento de datos presencial e impulsaron su transformación digital, permitiendo fortalecer algunas técnicas y herramientas para la recolección de datos en el entorno virtual, entre las que se destacan tres: Técnica Delphi, Grupo Nominal y la Encuesta. La Encuesta, en estudios con enfoque cuantitativos o cualitativos, es la mós utilizada respecto al resto de técnicas, inclusive en el entorno virtual online y offline, apoyada siempre por un cuestionario debidamente estructurado y automatizado con el fin de asegurar el manejo transparente de un gran volumen de datos en tiempo casi real. Entre los entornos presencial y virtual existen obvias ventajas, desventajas y limitaciones en la aplicación de técnicas y herramientas en la recolección de datos, pero durante la pandemia los adelantos en inteligencia artificial y de avances tecnológicos han permitido que en el entorno virtual se rompan viejos paradigmas, se asegure la cantidad y la calidad de datos y se disminuyan significativamente los errores que se podí­an presentar por ejemplo a la hora de establecer la muestra poblacional. Finalmente, han sido grandes los esfuerzos realizados a nivel mundial para no detener el trabajo investigativo, pero aíºn queda pendiente la construcción y potenciación de capacidades digitales en el personal técnico-cientí­fico; capacidades que le ayudarón a reducir la brecha en la interacción virtual, garantizar la calidad de los resultados y afrontar de forma certera los desafí­os generados por la COVID-19.
Hva er det med oljeinvesteringene?
Authors: Mohn Klaus
Published: October 2023

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Egenutviklet goodwill ­et regnskapsmessig problembarn?
Authors: Stenheim Tonny
Published: October 2023

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Positivt lederskap
Authors: Johannessen Jon-Arild , Olsen Bjørn
Published: October 2023

Gjennom globalisering og overgang til det vi betegner som kunnskapsøkonomien, står ledere innenfor både privat og offentlig sektor overfor en virkelighet der de gamle reseptene ikke fører til nødvendig kur. Det globaliserte kunnskapssamfunnet, med økende turbulens, kompleksitet, usikkerhet og tvetydighet, fører til at konkurransefordelene i beste fall er midlertidige. Stadig sterkere individualisering, krav om øyeblikkelig tilbakemelding og forventninger til mer kreativitet og innovasjon påvirker både privat og offentlig sektor. Kimen til en kontinuerlig strøm av midlertidige konkurransefordeler ligger i at organisasjoner evner å skape verdier for kundene og de ansatte, og derigjennom også verdier for eierne. For å lykkes med denne verdiskapingen kan ledere ikke lenger benytte seg av tradisjonell ordre- og kontrolledelse. Løsningen på kravene i den globaliserte kunnskapsøkonomien er i stor grad å finne innenfor det vi omtaler som positivt lederskap. Konsekvensene av dette innebærer at ansatte stadig oftere må ledes til å lede seg selv. Selvledelse blir viktigere. Mer vekt på samskaping gjør at ansatte også må ledes til å kunne lede sine relasjoner med kunder, leverandører og kollegaer. Dette innebærer langt større vekt på ledelse av samhandlingskompetanse og ledelse av sosial og emosjonell kompetanse. Sterkere krav til kreativitet innebærer mer vekt på kreativitetsledelse. Hovedelementene innenfor ledelse i kunnskapssamfunnet ligger dermed i at ansatte må ledes til å lede seg selv, de må ledes til å kunne lede sine relasjoner, og de må ledes til å kunne lede sin egen kreativitet. For å lykkes med det må ledelse skje innenfor positivt lederskap. Den grunnleggende ledelsesfilosofien er her basert på å mobilisere kompetansen, kreativiteten og energien de ansatte besitter, for på den måten å kunne bidra til å skape en kontinuerlig rekke av konkurransefordeler for virksomheten, for de ansatte selv og ikke minst for kunden.
Regndans eller dans på roser? – Et kritisk blikk på den rådende læringstradisjonen i økonomi- og virksomhetsstyringsfagene
Authors: Gjønnes Svein H. , Tangenes Tor
Published: October 2023

Denne artikkelen tar til orde for en omlegging av læringsopplegget i økonomi- og virksomhetsstyringsfagene på bachelornivå ved norske høyskoler og universiteter. Dette synet begrunnes med at den rådende tradisjonen kommer til kort når det gjelder krav som bør stilles til litteraturen og undervisningens praktiske relevans, bruk av teoretiske og empiriske innsikter samt pedagogisk innretning. Som konsekvens etterlates mange studenter forvirret med hensyn til fagforståelse og desillusjonerte når det gjelder den praktiske nytten kursene gir. Verken studentene, arbeidslivet eller utdanningsinstitusjonene kan være tjent med denne situasjonen. Det ene tiltaket som foreslås, er å knytte undervisningen an til en realistisk styringssyklus i kombinasjon med utvidet bruk av relevante caser. Det andre tiltaket består i å bringe økonomistyringsfaget i takt med innsikter fra blant annet strategi- og organisasjonslitteraturen.
Fortellingens fortrylling; å lese Peer Gynt; nyttig?
Authors: Pedersen Lars Jacob Tynes , Ims Knut Johannessen
Published: October 2023

Hvordan kan skjønnlitteratur være en kilde til læring for ledere? Vi vil kontrastere kontekstavhengig, partikulær kunnskap med kontekstuavhengig, universell kunnskap og argumentere for at ledere i større grad bør fokusere på førstnevnte. Vi vil utforske skjønnlitteraturens rolle som læringsmiddel for ledere ved å diskutere dikotomiene (1) form og innhold og (2) eksplisitt og taus kunnskap. Derigjennom ser vi på ulike typer ledelsesrelevant kompetanse og hvordan disse kan utvikles. Til slutt diskuteres hvorvidt skjønnlitteratur kan være nyttig og unyttig på samme tid, og noen av de grunnleggende forutsetningene som artikkelens perspektiv hviler på, utledes. Denne artikkelen følger opp «Å omsette lesekunst til lederkunst: ‘Peer, du lyver!’ og lederkompetanse» (Ims og Pedersen 2009).
Prosjektet som temporær organisasjon
Authors: Andersen Erling S.
Published: October 2023

Et prosjekt kan ses på som en temporær organisasjon. Prosjekteieren er den som på vegne av basisorganisasjonen er ansvarlig for prosjektet. Prosjekteieren vedtar hva prosjektets oppdrag skal omfatte, og hvilke ressurser prosjektet skal få. Prosjektlederen må på dette grunnlaget sørge for at basisorganisasjonen får de ønskede leveransene. Men prosjektet er sjelden bare en handlingsorganisasjon som utfører oppdraget; prosjektet blir også en arena for konflikter og uoverensstemmelser der prosjektet selv spiller en rolle for å finne akseptable løsninger.
Tverrfaglige team; et tveegget sverd?
Authors: Bele Edvard , Glasø Lars
Published: October 2023

Et økende antall organisasjoner benytter teambaserte strukturer for å forbedre sin effektivitet og konkurransedyktighet. I tråd med dette oppmuntrer mange til utvikling av tverrfaglige team, hvor profesjonelle fra forskjellige disipliner samarbeider og koordinerer sin ekspertise og kunnskap. Forskning indikerer imidlertid at denne typen team står overfor spesifikke utfordringer, særlig med tanke på kommunikasjonen mellom medlemmene. Formålet med den foreliggende artikkelen er å drøfte hvordan ulike kommunikasjonsutfordringer kan oppstå i tverrfaglige team.
Franchising som organisasjonsform; hva er konsekvensene for arbeidstakerne?
Authors: Nesheim Torstein
Published: October 2023

Franchising er i vekst i Norge. Dette er en organisasjonsform med høy grad av sentralisering, og den er basert på formelle avtaler mellom to juridisk sett selvstendige parter og et standardisert operasjonssystem. Sett fra arbeidstakernes side medfører en slik organisasjonsform at franchisetaker er den formelle, juridiske arbeidsgiveren, mens franchisegiver utøver stor makt og innflytelse. Innen slike systemer kan vi stille opp to motsatte hypoteser om arbeidsvilkår. På den ene siden antas det at mulighetene for å øve innflytelse på egne lønns- og arbeidsforhold svekkes innen franchising. På den andre siden kan franchising medføre mer standardiserte systemer og utbredelse av profesjonelle ledelses- og styringsformer, noe som er positivt for arbeidsvilkår og jobbkvalitet.
Outsourcing i turbulente tider
Authors: Solli-Sæther Hans
Published: October 2023

Outsourcing i norske bedrifter øker. Outsourcingsundersøkelsen 2009 viser at 54 % av bedriftene har outsourcet én eller flere funksjoner. I turbulente tider er fokus første og fremst rettet mot kostnadsreduksjoner og effektivisering av forretningsprosesser.
Coaching og jakten på identitet
Authors: Berg Morten Emil
Published: October 2023

Flere studier tyder på at coaching kan ha effekt og kan bli en interessant metode ved ledelse og læring. Positiv coachingpsykologi har en visjon: å støtte og utfordre individ, gruppe og organisasjon til å «blomstre». Målet er at individet skal leve det hele og meningsfulle liv. Prosessen fokuserer personens styrke og talent, ikke mangler og svakheter. Positiv psykologi danner det vitenskapelige fundamentet, og coaching er det praktiske håndverket. Coaching medfører å utvikle individets profesjonelle og personlige rolle. Individet må imidlertid selv ta ansvaret for å retolke sin situasjon, redefinere sine mål, finne sin strategi og prøve ut sine ideer. Utvikling av individets karakter- og signaturstyrker står sentralt. Coaching skal bygge på anerkjent visdom og utfordre etablerte tanker for å kunne bli et alternativ til tradisjonell ledelse og læring.
Hva skaper gode og dårlige relasjoner mellom kjeder og leverandører?
Authors: Mysen Tore , Høgevold Nils M.
Published: October 2023

Målet med denne artikkelen er å belyse hva som skaper gode og dårlige relasjoner mellom norske kjeder og deres leverandører, sett fra begge parters synspunkt. I tillegg er hensikten å kartlegge hvordan leverandører og kjeder ser på maktbalansen mellom dem, og å analysere i hvilken grad deres syn på maktfordelingen påvirker hvordan de definerer godt og dårlig samarbeid. Som et grunnlag for den følgende presentasjonen og diskusjonen er det gjennomført 91 dybdeintervjuer blant toppledere hos 28 kjeder innen 6bransjer i Norge og hos 63leverandørbedrifter til disse 28kjedene. Intervjuene blant topplederne fokuserte på «de tre viktigste kjennetegn» på et godt og et dårlig samarbeid samt hvordan lederne oppfattet maktbalansen i dag og utviklingen framover de nærmeste årene.
Det viser seg i undersøkelsen at kjeder og leverandører har ganske ulike oppfatninger av hva som preger et godt og et dårlig samarbeid, og at de forskjellige oppfatningene i stor grad kan henføres til hvordan lederne føler makten er fordelt mellom leverandører og kjeder. Kjedene er opptatt av at leverandørene tilpasser seg, og leverandørene er opptatt av at kjedene ikke misbruker sin stadig økende makt. Resultatene viser også at gode og dårlige relasjoner har mange dimensjoner som ikke tidligere har vært trukket fram i samme undersøkelse.
IFRS og risikostyring: Kan regnskapsstandarder påvirke selskapers sikringsstrategier?
Authors: Frestad Dennis , Beisland Leif Atle
Published: October 2023

Denne artikkelen illustrerer hvordan innføringen av internasjonale regnskapsstandarder (IFRS) potensielt kan påvirke selskapers risikostyring. Slik påvirkning vil kunne forekomme dersom bedriftene gjennom sikringsstrategiene ønsker å stabilisere sine regnskapsresultater. IFRS vil da påvirke selskapenes faktiske bruk av sikringsinstrumenter, og standardene vil således ha reelle konsekvenser for hvordan selskapene agerer. Dersom bedriftene initialt har tilpasset seg optimalt ut fra en målsetting om å minimere kontantstrømrisikoen, vil man kunne hevde at de nye regnskapsstandardene kan ha en verdireduserende effekt gjennom påvirkningen på selskapenes risikostyringsstrategier.
Varsling som intern sikkerhetsventil i større IKT-prosjekt
Authors: Bjørkelo Brita , Taraldset Birthe
Published: October 2023

Flere store IKT-prosjekter har fått mer eller mindre ønsket mediedekning som følge av forsinkelser, budsjettoverskridelser og feil ved systemenes funksjonalitet. En mulig grunn til at gjennomføringen av slike store prosjekter halter eller mislykkes, er at ledelsen ikke får tak i beslutningskritisk informasjon. Det kan skyldes at ansatte vegrer seg for å meddele informasjon som kan oppfattes som «dårlige nyheter». Denne artikkelen ser på hvordan interne, lovpålagte regelverk for varsling kan brukes for å utfylle andre systemer som skal sikre risikostyring av større prosjekter knyttet til informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi (IKT). Ved utformingen av interne regelverk bør en virksomhet ta hensyn til den kunnskapen som eksisterer fra forskning på varsling som viser at ansatte kan holde tilbake kritisk informasjon. Mangel på tilgang til kritisk informasjon kan få uønskede konsekvenser med hensyn til både selve produktet, kostnadsoverskridelse og utsettelser. Korrekt informasjon og kunnskapsgrunnlag er vitalt for ledelsen for å kunne ta gode beslutninger ved gjennomføringen av slike prosjekter. Å tilrettelegge for et ytringsklima som oppfordrer til formidling av «dårlige nyheter», vil slik være en sikkerhetsgaranti i forbindelse med å lykkes med IKT-prosjekter.