bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides act exclusively through TLR4 with a resilience between mouse and human
Authors: Nativel Brice , Couret David , Giraud Pierre , Meilhac Olivier , d’Hellencourt Christian Lefebvre , Viranaïcken Wildriss , Da Silva Christine Robert
Published: November 2017

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key bacterium in chronic periodontitis, which is associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases. Lipopolysaccharides from P. gingivalis (Pg LPS) can activate multiple cell types via the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The receptors for Pg LPS have initially been reported as TLR2, contrasting with the well-studied TLR4 receptor for E. coli LPS; this observation remains controversial since synthetic Pg lipid A activates TLR4 but not TLR2. Despite this observation, the dogma of Pg LPS-mediated TLR2 activation remains the basis of many hypotheses and result interpretations. In the present work, we aimed at determining whether TLR4 or TLR2, or both, mediate Pg LPS pro-inflammatory activity using Pg LPS with different grades of purity, instead of synthetic lipid A from Pg LPS. Here we show that Pg LPS 1) acts exclusively through TLR4, and 2) are differently recognized by mouse and human TLR4 both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that Pg LPS activity is mediated exclusively through TLR4 and only weakly induces proinflammatory cytokine secretion in mouse models. Caution should be taken when extrapolating data from mouse systems exposed to Pg or Pg LPS to humans.
Advanced manufacturing of microdisk vaccines for uniform control of material properties and immune cell function
Authors: Zeng Qin , Zhang Peipei , Zeng Xiangbin , Tostanoski Lisa H. , Jewell Christopher M.
Published: November 2017

Microdisks formulated using advanced manufacturing techniques provide tunable control over vaccine cargo loading while maintaining a high degree of uniformity.
A short non-cytotoxic antimicrobial peptide designed from Aβ29-40 adopts a nanostructure and shows in vivo anti-endotoxin activity
Authors: Harioudh Munesh Kumar , Sahai Rohit , Mitra Kalyan , Ghosh Jimut Kanti
Published: November 2017

A schematic presentation of the plausible mechanism of antimicrobial activities of Aβ29-40-V2 and Aβ29-40-V4.
Low oxidation state silicon clusters – synthesis and structure of [NHCDippCu(η4-Si9)]3−
Authors: Geitner Felix S. , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: November 2017

The reaction of NHCDippCuCl with the silicide phases A12Si17 (A: K, K/Rb, Rb) in NH3(l) yields [NHCDippCu(η4-Si9)]3− as a rare example of a metal complex of a [Si9] cluster.
Effects of the c-Si/a-SiO2 interfacial atomic structure on its band alignment: an ab initio study
Authors: Zheng Fan , Pham Hieu H. , Wang Lin-Wang
Published: November 2017

The band offset of the c-Si/a-SiO2 interface does not depend on the details of the interfacial structure.
Biological application of water-based electrochemically synthesized CuO leaf-like arrays: SERS response modulated by the positional isomerism and interface type
Authors: Proniewicz E. , Vantasin S. , Olszewski T. K. , Boduszek B. , Ozaki Y.
Published: November 2017

Leaf-like CuO arrays are synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, Raman, SEM, HD-TEM, XRD, XPS, and EDS. SERS/TERS are used to study adsorption of pyridine α-aminophosphinic acid isomers on the CuO arrays.
Strain engineering of phonon thermal transport properties in monolayer 2H-MoTe2
Authors: Shafique Aamir , Shin Young-Han
Published: November 2017

The effect of strain on the phonon properties such as phonon group velocity, phonon anharmonicity, phonon lifetime, and lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer 2H-MoTe2is studied by solving the Boltzmann transport equation based on first principles calculations.
Metal–semiconductor transition of two-dimensional Mg2C monolayer induced by biaxial tensile strain
Authors: Meng Lingbiao , Ni Shuang , Zhou Minjie , Zhang Yingjuan , Li Zhaoguo , Wu Weidong
Published: November 2017

Unique two-dimensional Mg2C monolayer with quasi-planar hexa-coordinate magnesium and carbon can be strain-tuned from a metal to a semiconductor.
Steering on-surface reactions with self-assembly strategy
Authors: Zhou Xiong , Dai Jingxin , Wu Kai
Published: November 2017

A general picture illustrating three main effects of the self-assembly strategy on steering surface reactions.
Computational screening of functional groups for capture of toxic industrial chemicals in porous materials
Authors: Kim Ki Chul , Fairen-Jimenez David , Snurr Randall Q.
Published: November 2017

Functional groups are screened computationally to understand how they bind and capture toxic industrial chemicals.
Two-step kinetic model of the self-assembly mechanism for diphenylalanine micro/nanotube formation
Authors: Ishikawa M. S. , Busch C. , Motzkus M. , Martinho H. , Buckup T.
Published: November 2017

Formation via nucleation of FF-MNTs is based on a 2-step kinetic model and is driven by electric dipole re-orientation.
3D printing in chemical engineering and catalytic technology: structured catalysts, mixers and reactors
Authors: Parra-Cabrera Cesar , Achille Clement , Kuhn Simon , Ameloot Rob
Published: November 2017

This review highlights the research using 3D printing and computational modeling as digital tools for the design and fabrication of reactors and structured catalysts.
Microwave-assisted one-pot functionalization of metal–organic framework MIL-53(Al)-NH2 with copper(ii) complexes and its application in olefin oxidation
Authors: Bunchuay T. , Ketkaew R. , Chotmongkolsap P. , Chutimasakul T. , Kanarat J. , Tantirungrotechai Y. , Tantirungrotechai J.
Published: November 2017

A simple and rapid functionalization of MOF via microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis afforded a Cu(ii)-Schiff-base-MOF as an efficient catalyst for olefin oxidation.
Preparation and characterization of terdentate [C,N,N] acetophenone and acetylpyridine hydrazone platinacycles: a DFT insight into the reaction mechanism
Authors: Marcos Ismael , Ojea Vicente , Vázquez-García Digna , Fernández Jesús J. , Fernández Alberto , López-Torres Margarita , Lado Jorge , Vila José M.
Published: November 2017

The synthesis of Pt(ii) organometallic complexes bearing tridentate hydrazones by direct and carboxylate-assisted C–H activation and mechanistic DFT studies.
Lamellar zirconium phosphates to host metals for catalytic purposes
Authors: Ballesteros-Plata Daniel , Infantes-Molina Antonia , Rodríguez-Aguado Elena , Braos-García Pilar , Rodríguez-Castellón Enrique
Published: November 2017

In the present study a porous lamellar zirconium phosphate heterostructure (PPH) formed from zirconium(iv) phosphate expanded with silica galleries (P/Zr molar ratio equal to 2 and (Si + Zr)/P equal to 3) was prepared to host noble metals.
Colloidal particles for the delivery of steroid glycosides
Authors: Velikov Krassimir P. , van Ruijven Marjolein , Popp Alois K. , Patel Ashok R. , Flendrig Leonard M. , Melnikov Sergey M.
Published: November 2017

Food grade colloidal particles comprising steroid glycosides with excellent stability are prepared using a liquid antisolvent precipitation method.
Physicochemical stability, antioxidant properties and bioaccessibility of β-carotene in orange oil-in-water beverage emulsions: influence of carrier oil types
Authors: Meroni Erika , Raikos Vassilios
Published: November 2017

The bioaccessibility of β-carotene in beverage emulsions was enhanced by modifying the lipid composition of the dispersed phase.
Single nanoparticle analysis by ICPMS: a potential tool for bioassay
Authors: Hu Jianyu , Deng Dongyan , Liu Rui , Lv Yi
Published: November 2017

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) has already been demonstrated as a promising technique for metallic nanoparticle tagged bioassays due to its high sensitivity, wide dynamic linear range, and more importantly multiplex and absolute quantification ability.
Tuning the wettability and photoluminescence of graphene quantum dots via covalent modification
Authors: Deka Manash Jyoti , Dutta Ananya , Chowdhury Devasish
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we have tuned the dual properties, i.e., wettability and photoluminescence of GQDs by simply covalent modification with long chain alkyl (–C12H27) groups.
Pd-Catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions of aryl halides containing basic nitrogen centers with arylboronic acids in water in the absence of added base
Authors: Li Zhao , Gelbaum Carol , Campbell Zachary S. , Gould Paul C. , Fisk Jason S. , Holden Bruce , Jaganathan Arvind , Whiteker Gregory T. , Pollet Pamela , Liotta Charles L.
Published: November 2017

Successful Suzuki reactions of basic nitrogen containing aryl chlorides/bromides with arylboronic acids in water without added base, partially or entirely under acidic conditions.
Single fluorescent chemosensor for multiple targets: sequential detection of Al3+and pyrophosphate and selective detection of F−in near-perfect aqueous solution
Authors: Hwang Suh Mi , Kim Min Seon , Lee Misun , Lim Mi Hee , Kim Cheal
Published: November 2017

An easily fabricated chemosensor was developed for selective fluorescence detection of three analytes, Al3+, pyrophosphate (PPi), and F−, in aqueous solution.
Thermally induced N–S bond insertion reaction of diazo compounds with N-sulfenylsuccinimides: synthesis of sulfides and mechanism studies
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Zheng Yang , Qiu Lihua , Xu Xinfang
Published: November 2017

A metal-free gem-functionalization reaction of diazo compounds via a formal N–S bond insertion process under mild conditions is presented.
A novel small molecule based on naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene benefits both fullerene and non-fullerene solar cells
Authors: Li Huan , Fang Jin , Zhang Jianqi , Zhou Ruimin , Wu Qiong , Deng Dan , Abdullah Adil Muhammad , Lu Kun , Guo Xuefeng , Wei Zhixiang
Published: November 2017

The all-round small molecule donor NDTR exhibited good photovoltaic performance in both fullerene and non-fullerene systems.
Development of noncytotoxic silver–chitosan nanocomposites for efficient control of biofilm forming microbes
Authors: Regiel-Futyra Anna , Kus-Liśkiewicz Małgorzata , Sebastian Victor , Irusta Silvia , Arruebo Manuel , Kyzioł Agnieszka , Stochel Grażyna
Published: November 2017

We describe the synthetic pathway to produce efficient bactericidal, fungicidal and non-cytotoxic chitosan–ascorbic acid–silver composites as solid films.
Integrated electrocoagulation and membrane filtration for PAH removal from realistic industrial wastewater: effectiveness and mechanisms
Authors: Gong Chenhao , Huang Haiou , Qian Yu , Zhang Zhongguo , Wu Hongbin
Published: November 2017

A novel integrated electrocoagulation-low pressure reverse osmosis process was developed and mechanistically studied for removing polyaromatic hydrocarbons in real industrial wastewater.
Microwave-assisted reduction method under nitrogen atmosphere for synthesis and electrical conductivity improvement of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)
Authors: Iskandar Ferry , Hikmah Utiya , Stavila Erythrina , Aimon Akfiny H.
Published: November 2017

A facile method to synthesize rGO using a microwave-assisted method under N2-atmosphere conditions is reported.
Noise and diffusion of a vibrated self-propelled granular particle
Authors: Walsh Lee , Wagner Caleb G. , Schlossberg Sarah , Olson Christopher , Baskaran Aparna , Menon Narayanan
Published: November 2017

The relation between noise, mobility, and long-term motion of individual vibrated granular particles is well described by the active Brownian particle model.
Rubber contact mechanics: adhesion, friction and leakage of seals
Authors: Tiwari A. , Dorogin L. , Tahir M. , Stöckelhuber K. W. , Heinrich G. , Espallargas N. , Persson B. N. J.
Published: November 2017

We study the dependence of adhesion, friction and leak rate of seals for four different elastomers, namely, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR), Ethylene Propylene Diene (EPDM), Polyepichlorohydrin terpolymer (GECO) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), on their material properties such as viscoelastic modulus and surface energy.
A single-/double-perovskite composite with an overwhelming single-perovskite phase for the oxygen reduction reaction at intermediate temperatures
Authors: Chen Yubo , Shen Jian , Yang Guangming , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: November 2017

Enhanced oxygen reduction reaction over a single-/double-perovskite composite with a nominal formula of SrCo0.7Fe0.2W0.1O3−δ.
Shape-controlled synthesis of hierarchically layered lithium transition-metal oxide cathode materials by shear exfoliation in continuous stirred-tank reactors
Authors: Hua Weibo , Wu Zhenguo , Chen Mingzhe , Knapp Michael , Guo Xiaodong , Indris Sylvio , Binder Joachim R. , Bramnik Natalia N. , Zhong Benhe , Guo Haipeng , Chou Shulei , Kang Yong-Mook , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: November 2017

A scalable and continuous synthesis technique for hierarchically structured layered cathode materials with exposed {010} planes is proposed.
Vertical bismuth oxide nanosheets with enhanced crystallinity: promising stable anodes for rechargeable alkaline batteries
Authors: Zheng Haibing , Li Haodong , Yu Minghao , Zhang Min , Tong Yexiang , Cheng Faliang , Lu Xihong
Published: November 2017

Aqueous alkaline batteries represent an emerging kind of energy storage device, which hold great promise to power electronics with both high energy density and power density.
Carbonates (bicarbonates)/reduced graphene oxide as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Gu Xin , Yan Chunliu , Yan Liting , Cao Lei , Niu Feier , Liu Dandan , Dai Pengcheng , Li Liangjun , Yang Jian , Zhao Xuebo
Published: November 2017

Carbonates/bicarbonates (FeCO3, CoCO3 and Ni(HCO3)2), as promising anode materials, are evaluated for sodium-ion batteries for the first time.
Vanadyl-type defects in Tavorite-like NaVPO4F: from the average long range structure to local environments
Authors: Boivin Edouard , Chotard Jean-Noël , Bamine Tahya , Carlier Dany , Serras Paula , Palomares Verónica , Rojo Teofilo , Iadecola Antonella , Dupont Loïc , Bourgeois Lydie , Fauth François , Masquelier Christian , Croguennec Laurence
Published: November 2017

A new Tavorite-like NaVPO4F type material with limited electrochemical performance versus its lithium analog.
Ultrathin phyllosilicate nanosheets as anode materials with superior rate performance for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiang-Qian , Li Wen-Cui , He Bin , Yan Dong , Xu Shuang , Cao Yuliang , Lu An-Hui
Published: November 2017

Ultrathin phyllosilicate nanosheets inlayed into 1D tubular carbon frameworks are developed and deliver superior rate performance as anodes for LIBs.
High valence Mo-doped Na3V2(PO4)3/C as a high rate and stable cycle-life cathode for sodium battery
Authors: Li Xiang , Huang Yangyang , Wang Jingsong , Miao Lin , Li Yuyu , Liu Yi , Qiu Yuegang , Fang Chun , Han Jiantao , Huang Yunhui
Published: November 2017

High valence Mo-doped Na3−5xV2−xMox(PO4)3/C (0 < x < 0.04) has been investigated to promote Na ion diffusion.
Retraction: Chemical etching of a cobalt-based metal–organic framework for enhancing the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhu Ai-Xin , Dou Ai-Na , Fang Xiao-Dan , Yang Li-Bo , Xu Quan-Qing
Published: November 2017

Retraction of ‘Chemical etching of a cobalt-based metal–organic framework for enhancing the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction’ by Ai-Xin Zhu et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7ta02103h.
Copper metal–organic polyhedra nanorods with high intrinsic peroxidase-like activity at physiological pH for bio-sensing
Authors: Qin Yu , Zhang Qin , Li Yande , Liu Xiaolan , Lu Zhixiang , Zheng Liyan , Liu Shixi , Cao Qiu-e , Ding Zhongtao
Published: November 2017

Copper metal–organic polyhedra (Cu-MOP) nanorods exhibited high peroxidase-mimicking activity at a physiological pH value.
Photovoltage as a quantitative probe of carrier generation and recombination in organic photovoltaic cells
Authors: Zhang Tao , Holmes Russell J.
Published: November 2017

Transient photovoltage is demonstrated as a probe of carrier generation in organic photovoltaic cells, elucidating recombination losses versus voltage.
Synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic and electronic properties of the caesium-based transition metal halide Cs3Fe2Br9
Authors: Wei Fengxia , Brivio Federico , Wu Yue , Sun Shijing , Bristowe Paul D. , Cheetham Anthony K.
Published: November 2017

A 0D perovskite-related material Cs3Fe2Br9 is shown to have a low bandgap of 1.65 eV and exhibit antiferromagnetic behaviour.
Guest Editor's Column: Clinical Management of Communicatively-Impaired Adult Neurorehabilitation Caseloads in a Diverse Aging World
Authors: Centeno Jose G.
Published: November 2017

Steady aging in the world's population is estimated to substantially increase the prevalence of age-related neurological disabilities across the world primarily from stroke and dementia. Yet, as the numbers of neurologically impaired older adults grow, local neurorehabilitation caseloads are estimated to increasingly become more ethnically heterogenous as diversity environments in each country are impacted by new immigrants and their descendants. Suitable numbers of appropriately trained speech-language clinicians will be necessary to meet these service demands. The articles in this issue provide a step forward to illustrate the broad multidisciplinary evidence required to meet the challenges of an intensifying global healthcare crisis: the steady growth of diverse adult neurorehabilitation caseloads in an aging world.
Embedded AGN and star formation in the central 80 pc of IC 3639
Authors: Fernández-Ontiveros J. A. , Tristram K. R. W. , Hönig S. , Gandhi P. , Weigelt G.
Published: November 2017

Aims. Our goal is to probe the inner structure and the nature of the mid-IR emission in the active galaxy IC 3639, which hosts a Seyfert 2 nucleus and shows signatures of strong star-forming activity.

Methods. We used interferometric observations in the N-band with VLTI/MIDI to resolve the mid-IR emission of this nucleus. The origin of the nuclear infrared emission is determined from: (1) the comparison of the correlated fluxes from VLTI/MIDI with the fluxes measured at subarcsecond resolution (VLT/VISIR, VLT/ISAAC); (2) diagnostics based on IR fine-structure line ratios, the IR continuum emission, IR bands produced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and silicates; and (3) the high-angular resolution spectral energy distribution.

Results. A large fraction of the total mid-IR emission of IC 3639 is produced in the innermost ≲80 pc with only ~1% of the total luminosity released in the UV/optical range. The unresolved flux of IC 3639 is 90 ± 20 mJy at 10.5 μm, measured with three different baselines in VLTI (UT1–UT2, UT3–UT4, and UT2–UT3; 46–58 m), making this the faintest measurement so far achieved with mid-IR interferometry. The correlated flux is a factor of 3–4 times fainter than the VLT/VISIR total flux measurement. The observations suggest that most of the mid-IR emission has its origin on spatial scales between 10 and 80 pc (40–340 mas). The emission confined within the inner 80 pc is either dominated by a starburst component or by the AGN core. The brightness distribution could be reproduced by a single component associated with the AGN, although this scenario would imply a very extended dust distribution when compared to other nearby Seyfert galaxies detected with MIDI. The extended component could also be associated with polar dust emission, that is, with a dusty wind blown by the AGN. However, a mixed contribution dominated by the star formation component over the AGN is favoured by the diagnostics based on ratios of IR fine-structure emission lines, the shape of the IR continuum, and the PAH and silicate bands.

Conclusions. A composite AGN-starburst scenario is able to explain both the mid-IR brightness distribution and the IR spectral properties observed in the nucleus of IC 3639. The nuclear starburst would dominate the mid-IR emission and the ionisation of low-excitation lines (e.g. [Ne II]12.8 μm) with a net contribution of ~70%. The AGN accounts for the remaining ~30% of the mid-IR flux, ascribed to the unresolved component in the MIDI observations, and the ionisation of high-excitation lines (e.g. [Ne V]14.3 μm and [O Iv]25.9 μm).
Premenstrual Syndrome Diagnosis: A Comparative Study between the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) and the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST)
Authors: Henz Aline , Ferreira Charles Francisco , Oderich Carolina Leão , Gallon Carin Weirich , Castro Juliana Rintondale Sodré de , Conzatti Maiara , Fleck Marcelo Pio de Almeida , Wender Maria Celeste Osório
Published: November 2017

Objective To validate the premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) in relation to the daily record of severity of problems (DRSP) for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) diagnoses.

Methods A cross-sectional study with 127 women (20–45 years) with PMS complaints. The women were evaluated in terms of weight, height and body mass index (BMI). After using the primary care evaluation of mental disorders (PRIME-MD) questionnaire to exclude the diagnosis of depression, the PSST was completed and the women were instructed to fill out the DRSP for two consecutive menstrual cycles. The agreement between the two questionnaires was assessed by the Kappa (k) and the prevalence-adjusted, bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) values.

Results Two-hundred and eighty-two women met the eligibility criteria and answered the PSST. The DRSP was completed for two cycles by 127 women. The percentages of women with PMS and PMDD diagnoses by the DRSP were 74.8% and 3.9% respectively; by PSST, the percentages were41.7% and 34.6% respectively. The number of patients considered “normal” (with symptoms below the threshold for the diagnosis of PMS) was similar in both questionnaires. There was no agreement (Kappa = 0.12) in the results of PMS/ PMDD diagnosis (the PABAK coefficient confirmed this result = 0.39). The PSST had a high sensitivity (79%) and a low specificity (33.3%) for PMS/PMDD diagnosis.

Conclusion The PSST should be considered a diagnostic screening tool. Positive PMS/PMDD cases by PSST should be further evaluated by DRSP to confirm the diagnosis.
Verapamil (VER) Enhances the Cytotoxic Effects of Docetaxel and Vinblastine Combined Therapy Against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Jaferian Soleiman , Soleymaninejad Maryam , Daraee Hadis
Published: November 2017

Lung cancer is one of the foremost tumor-associated cause of death in the world. Most of the patients with NSCLC possesses an advanced disease at diagnosis, and are thus probable subject for systemic therapy. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of vinblastine and docetaxel combined therapy for the treatment of NSCLC, as well as verapamil (VER) enhancement of the combined therapy. We conducted P-glycoprotein (P-gp) gene expression, protein expression with RT-PCR and western blot respectively, apoptotic response of the combined therapy with VER is also determined using DAPI staining (%). Result of DAPI staining confirmed combination therapy promotes cell apoptosis to greater extent as compared to each drug alone. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that mdr-1 expression level increased 6 fold with docetaxel (40 nM) and 2 fold with vinblastine (30 nM) after 24 h (p<0.001). Consequently, combination therapy reduced drug-induced up-regulation of mdr-1 significantly (p<0.05). VER with the drug combination increased P-gp expression (p<0.05). These data provide evidence showing combined therapy is a better approach to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and decreasing drug resistance.
Hörverlust und Sprachverstehen im Alter
Authors: von Gablenz Petra , Holube Inga
Published: November 2017

Das Verstehen von Sprache bei Hintergrundgeräuschen bereitet vielen älteren Menschen Probleme. In der klinischen Praxis wird diese Qualität
des Hörvermögens durch Sprachtests im Störgeräusch untersucht. Die Studie HÖRSTAT setzte den Göttinger Satztest (GÖSA) im Störgeräusch
zusätzlich zur Tonaudiometrie und einer Befragung bei einer Zufallsstichprobe aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung ein. Wie erwartet nahm der Anteil
Schwerhörender ab ca. 60 Jahren stark zu. Bei Ausschluss sehr hoher Hörverluste waren im Alter von 60–85 Jahren jedoch 68 % von 553
Probanden nach dem WHO-Kriterium als normalhörend einzustufen. Von diesen erreichte im GÖSA allerdings nur jeder Dritte annähernd das
Sprachverstehen im Störgeräusch junger Normalhörender. Die Selbsteinschätzung des Hörvermögens folgte dabei nur eingeschränkt der messbaren
Verschlechterung. Ab einem Alter von ca. 70 Jahren wurden die eigenen Hör-Fähigkeiten eher über- und die Defizite unterschätzt.
Contribution to viscosity from the structural relaxation via the atomic scale Green-Kubo stress correlation function
Authors: Levashov V. A.
Published: November 2017

We studied the connection between the structural relaxation and viscosity for a binary model of repulsive particles in the supercooled liquid regime. The used approach is based on the decomposition of the macroscopic Green-Kubo stress correlation function into the correlation functions between the atomic level stresses. Previously we used the approach to study an iron-like single component system of particles. The role of vibrational motion has been addressed through the demonstration of the relationship between viscosity and the shear waves propagating over large distances. In our previous considerations, however, we did not discuss the role of the structural relaxation. Here we suggest that the contribution to viscosity from the structural relaxation can be taken into account through the consideration of the contribution from the atomic stress auto-correlation term only. This conclusion, however, does not mean that only the auto-correlation term represents the contribution to viscosity from the structural relaxation. Previously the role of the structural relaxation for viscosity has been addressed through the considerations of the transitions between inherent structures and within the mode-coupling theory by other authors. In the present work, we study the structural relaxation through the considerations of the parent liquid and the atomic level stress correlations in it. The comparison with the results obtained on the inherent structures also is made. Our current results suggest, as our previous observations, that in the supercooled liquid regime, the vibrational contribution to viscosity extends over the times that are much larger than the Einstein’s vibrational period and much larger than the times that it takes for the shear waves to propagate over the model systems. Besides addressing the atomic level shear stress correlations, we also studied correlations between the atomic level pressure elements.
Topological spin dynamics in cubic FeGe near room temperature
Authors: Turgut Emrah , Stolt Matthew J. , Jin Song , Fuchs Gregory D.
Published: November 2017

Understanding spin-wave dynamics in chiral magnets is a key step for the development of high-speed, spin-wave based spintronic devices that take advantage of chiral and topological spin textures for their operation. Here, we present an experimental and theoretical study of spin-wave dynamics in a cubic B20 FeGe single crystal. Using the combination of waveguide microwave absorption spectroscopy (MAS), micromagnetic simulations, and analytical theory, we identify the resonance dynamics in all magnetic phases (field polarized, conical, helical, and skyrmion phases). Because the resonance frequencies of specific chiral spin textures are unique, a quantitative agreement between our theoretical predictions and experimental findings for all resonance frequencies and spin wave modes enables us to unambiguously identify chiral magnetic phases and to demonstrate that MAS is a powerful tool to efficiently extract a magnetic phase diagram.
Effects of torrefaction on lignin-rich biomass (hazelnut shell): Structural variations
Authors: Haykiri-Acma H. , Yaman S. , Kucukbayrak S.
Published: November 2017

Although the role of torrefaction on individual macromolecules of biomass including hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin has been studied in detail, the behavior of lignin-rich biomass during torrefaction has not been identified properly. Therefore, this study focuses on the determination of the effects of torrefaction on a high-lignin content hazelnut shell (HS) at 300 °C that is regarded as the upper temperature limit for torrefaction. In this way, the fuel properties, chemical composition, and the functional groups of biochar produced from torrefaction were compared with those of the untreated HS. Upon torrefaction, the carbon content increased 34.5% and the oxygen content decreased 33% which means an improvement in fuel properties at the expense of a 19.7% loss in hydrogen content. Accordingly, the torrefaction process changed the chemical composition of biomass from C6H9.95O4.26 to C6H5.94O2.12, which shows the enrichment of carbon per both hydrogen and oxygen atoms and this corresponds to a lignitic coal structure. As a result of oxygen loss mainly from the hemicellulose structure in the form of COC, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy bands of CC, CH, and CO intensified in the biochar. Besides, the bands that predict the aromaticity due to lignin content did not lose their intensities. It is concluded that torrefaction is a promising method to improve the fuel characteristics of lignin-rich hazelnut shells.
High-kinetic inductance additive manufactured superconducting microwave cavity
Authors: Holland Eric T. , Rosen Yaniv J. , Materise Nicholas , Woollett Nathan , Voisin Thomas , Wang Y. Morris , Torres Sharon G. , Mireles Jorge , Carosi Gianpaolo , DuBois Jonathan L
Published: November 2017

Investigations into the microwave surface impedance of superconducting resonators have led to the development of single photon counters that rely on kinetic inductance for their operation, while concurrent progress in additive manufacturing, “3D printing,” opens up a previously inaccessible design space for waveguide resonators. In this manuscript, we present results from the synthesis of these two technologies in a titanium, aluminum, vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) superconducting radio frequency resonator which exploits a design unattainable through conventional fabrication means. We find that Ti-6Al-4V has two distinct superconducting transition temperatures observable in heat capacity measurements. The higher transition temperature is in agreement with DC resistance measurements, while the lower transition temperature, not previously known in the literature, is consistent with the observed temperature dependence of the superconducting microwave surface impedance. From the surface reactance, we extract a London penetration depth of 8 ± 3 μm—roughly an order of magnitude larger than other titanium alloys and several orders of magnitude larger than other conventional elemental superconductors.
Realization of zero-field skyrmions with high-density via electromagnetic manipulation in Pt/Co/Ta multilayers
Authors: He Min , Peng Licong , Zhu Zhaozhao , Li Gang , Cai Jianwang , Li Jianqi , Wei Hongxiang , Gu Lin , Wang Shouguo , Zhao Tongyun , Shen Baogen , Zhang Ying
Published: November 2017

Taking advantage of the electron-current ability to generate, stabilize, and manipulate skyrmions prompts the application of skyrmion multilayers in room-temperature spintronic devices. In this study, the robust high-density skyrmions are electromagnetically generated from Pt/Co/Ta multilayers using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. The skyrmion density is tunable and can be significantly enhanced. Remarkably, these generated skyrmions after optimized manipulation sustain at zero field with both the in-plane current and perpendicular magnetic field being switched off. The skyrmion generation and manipulation method demonstrated in this study opens up an alternative way to engineer skyrmion-based devices. The results also provide key data for further theoretical study to discover the nature of the interaction between the electric current and different spin configurations.
Self-scaling minority carrier lifetime imaging using periodically modulated electroluminescence
Authors: Kropp Timo , Berner Marcel , Werner Jürgen H.
Published: November 2017

We present a straightforward self-scaling imaging technique to extract the effective minority carrier lifetime image of silicon solar cells using periodically modulated electroluminescence. This novel modulation technique overcomes main limiting factors linked to camera integration time. Our approach is based on comparing three luminescence images taken during current modulation. One image is taken while periodically injecting excess charge carriers with a pulsed current stimulation followed by an open-circuit luminescence decay. A second image with the same injection profile is taken while additionally extracting excess charge carriers at the falling edge, accelerating the luminescence decay. Both images are normalized to a steady-state image. The camera integration time is several orders of magnitude longer than the modulation period length, and no synchronization of image acquisition is needed. The intensity difference between both modulated images is used for determining a calibration factor to convert the steady-state image into the effective minority carrier lifetime image: Our modulation method enables carrier lifetime images completely independent of the image integration time. First carrier lifetime images show good agreement with data from time resolved electroluminescence.
Megahertz high voltage pulse generator suitable for capacitive load
Authors: Xu Yu , Chen Wei , Liang Hao , Li Yu-Huai , Liang Fu-Tian , Shen Qi , Liao Sheng-Kai , Peng Cheng-Zhi
Published: November 2017

A high voltage pulse generator is presented to drive Pockels cell. The Pockels cell behaves like a capacitor which slows the rise/fall time of the pulse and restrains the repetition rate of the generator. To drive the Pockels cell applied in quantum communication system, it requires about 1 MHz repetition rate with the rise/fall time of the pulse less than 50 ns, adjustable amplitude up to 800 V and an adjustable duration. With the assistance of self-designed transformers, the circuits is simplified that a pair of high current radio frequency (RF) MOSFET drivers are employed to switch the power MOSFETs at a high speed, and the power MOSFETs shape the final output pulse with the requirements. From the tests, the generator can produce 800 V square pulses continously at 1 MHz rate with 46 ns in risetime and 31 ns in falltime when driving a 51 pF capacitive load. And the generator is now used to drive Pockels cell for encoding the polarization of photons.
Parallel magnetic field suppresses dissipation in superconducting nanostrips
Authors: Wang Yong-Lei , Glatz Andreas , Kimmel Gregory J. , Aranson Igor S. , Thoutam Laxman R. , Xiao Zhi-Li , Berdiyorov Golibjon R. , Peeters François M. , Crabtree George W. , Kwok Wai-Kwong
Published: November 2017

Significance

Absolute zero resistance of superconducting materials is difficult to achieve in practice due to the motion of microscopic Abrikosov vortices, especially when external currents are applied. Even a partial resistance reduction via vortex immobilization by microscopic material imperfections is the holy grail of superconductivity research. It is commonly believed that the dissipation increases with applied magnetic field since the number of vortices increases as well. Through the example of molybdenum–germanium superconducting nanostrips, we show that resistive losses due to vortex motion can actually be decreased by applying an increasing applied magnetic field parallel to the current. This surprising recovery of superconductivity is achieved through “vortex crowding”: The increased number of vortices impedes their mutual motion, resulting in straight, untwisted vortices.
Skill networks and measures of complex human capital
Authors: Anderson Katharine A.
Published: November 2017

Significance

The relationship between worker human capital and wages is a question of considerable economic interest. Skills are usually characterized using a one-dimensional measure, such as years of training. However, in knowledge-based production, the interaction between a worker’s skills is also important. Here, we propose a network-based method for characterizing worker skill sets. We construct a human capital network, wherein nodes are skills and two skills are connected if a worker has both or both are required for the same job. We then illustrate the method by analyzing an online freelance labor market, showing that workers with diverse skills earn higher wages and that those who use their diverse skills in combination earn the highest wages of all.
Nutritional and greenhouse gas impacts of removing animals from US agriculture
Authors: White Robin R. , Hall Mary Beth
Published: November 2017

Significance

US agriculture was modeled to determine impacts of removing farmed animals on food supply adequacy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The modeled system without animals increased total food production (23%), altered foods available for domestic consumption, and decreased agricultural US GHGs (28%), but only reduced total US GHG by 2.6 percentage units. Compared with systems with animals, diets formulated for the US population in the plants-only systems had greater excess of dietary energy and resulted in a greater number of deficiencies in essential nutrients. The results give insights into why decisions on modifications to agricultural systems must be made based on a description of direct and indirect effects of change and on a dietary, rather than an individual nutrient, basis.
Ecosystem management and land conservation can substantially contribute to California’s climate mitigation goals
Authors: Cameron D. Richard , Marvin David C. , Remucal Jonathan M. , Passero Michelle C.
Published: November 2017

Significance

Combatting climate change will require using all available tools, especially those that contribute to other societal and economic goals, such as natural resource protection and energy security. Conserving and managing natural and agricultural lands to retain and absorb greenhouse gasses (GHGs) are tools that have not been widely integrated into climate policy. Our analysis provides a quantification of potential climate benefits from multiple land-based activities for a jurisdiction with an emissions reduction target (up to 13.3% of the cumulative reductions needed to meet the 2050 target, or nearly three-fourths of a billion metric tons of GHGs). This approach provides a model that other jurisdictions can use to evaluate emissions reductions that might be achieved from conserving and restoring natural lands.
Specific inhibition of GPCR-independent G protein signaling by a rationally engineered protein
Authors: Leyme Anthony , Marivin Arthur , Maziarz Marcin , DiGiacomo Vincent , Papakonstantinou Maria P. , Patel Prachi P. , Blanco-Canosa Juan B. , Walawalkar Isha A. , Rodriguez-Davila Gonzalo , Dominguez Isabel , Garcia-Marcos Mikel
Published: November 2017

Significance

Dysregulation of signaling via heterotrimeric G proteins leads to pathogenesis. Thus, developing an efficient armamentarium to study G protein regulation is crucial for understanding the molecular basis of disease. The classical view of G protein activation as an exclusive function of G protein-coupled receptors has been challenged by the discovery of nonreceptor G protein activators. Dysregulation of a family of such nonreceptor activators has been linked to human disorders like cancer or birth defects, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood due to the lack of experimental tools. Here, we use protein engineering to rationally design a genetically encoded inhibitor of these G protein activators and demonstrate its usefulness to block aberrant signaling in cancer cells and abrogate developmental malformations in animal embryos.
Role of estrogen receptor beta in neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Varshney Mukesh K. , Inzunza José , Lupu Diana , Ganapathy Vaidheeswaran , Antonson Per , Rüegg Joëlle , Nalvarte Ivan , Gustafsson Jan-Åke
Published: November 2017

Significance

Controlling the proliferation and proper fate acquisition of pluripotent stem cells is a major challenge in regenerative therapies today. Our study reveals that the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is an important factor in maintaining the neuroepithelial and midbrain stem cell pools by repressing proliferation and early nonneuronal fate acquisition. We report on the factors that underlie these effects of ERβ. Further, we report that ERβ facilitates midbrain dopaminergic fate and function. The data presented in this study suggest that ERβ is a factor to be considered in designing regenerative therapies for example neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease.
ASEAN think tanks, policy change and economic cooperation: from the Asian financial crisis to the global financial crisis
Authors: Zimmerman Erin , Stone Diane
Published: November 2017

Using discourse institutionalism this article traces how Asian think tanks have provided valuable input for informing and articulating alternative economic narratives in the wake of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) and the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007–2008. Starting with the AFC, think tanks began to cultivate a move away from dominant western economic policy approaches towards more ‘Asian’-style solutions. These solutions included new policy programmes focused on creating ‘sustainable and balanced’ economic growth and protecting vulnerable populations from the negative impacts of financial downturns. Regulatory and institutional changes reflecting these new narratives helped shelter the Asian financial sector during the GFC a decade later. The GFC also created additional critical junctures permitting think tanks to coordinate new policy solutions concerning financial regulation and foster an emerging regional economic identity.
Criminal Responsibility in Canada: Mental Disorder Stigma Education and the Insanity Defense
Authors: Yamamoto Susan , Maeder Evelyn M. , Fenwick Kristin L.
Published: November 2017

These online studies tested whether combining education about the Not Criminally Responsible on account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) defense with education about mental disorders might encourage jurors to use it in a suitable case. In Study 1, Canadian jury eligible community members ( N = 370) were provided with mental disorder (vs. irrelevant) education, and NCRMD (vs. irrelevant) education, then read a fabricated NCRMD trial stimulus in which the defendant's mental disorder varied (schizophrenia, substance use disorder, depression). Results showed that in the trial involving depression, for the group who received mental disorder education, NCRMD education increased the likelihood of a guilty verdict. In Study 2 ( N = 407)—which featured a different case—again, NCRMD education combined with mental disorder education increased likelihood of a guilty verdict in the depression condition. These studies show that mental disorder education is a potentially useful tool, but can backfire in some contexts.
Pyk2 and FAK differentially regulate invadopodia formation and function in breast cancer cells
Authors: Genna Alessandro , Lapetina Stefanie , Lukic Nikola , Twafra Shams , Meirson Tomer , Sharma Ved P. , Condeelis John S. , Gil-Henn Hava
Published: November 2017

The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Pyk2 is highly expressed in invasive breast cancer, but the mechanism by which it potentiates tumor cell invasiveness is unclear at present. Using high-throughput protein array screening and bioinformatic analysis, we identified cortactin as a novel substrate and interactor of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2). Pyk2 colocalizes with cortactin to invadopodia of invasive breast cancer cells, where it mediates epidermal growth factor–induced cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation both directly and indirectly via Src-mediated Abl-related gene (Arg) activation, leading to actin polymerization in invadopodia, extracellular matrix degradation, and tumor cell invasion. Both Pyk2 and the closely related focal adhesion kinase (FAK) regulate tumor cell invasion, albeit via distinct mechanisms. Although Pyk2 regulates tumor cell invasion by controlling invadopodium-mediated functions, FAK controls invasiveness of tumor cells by regulating focal adhesion–mediated motility. Collectively, our findings identify Pyk2 as a unique mediator of invadopodium formation and function and also provide a novel insight into the mechanisms by which Pyk2 mediates tumor cell invasion.
Tangent Cones of Lipschitz Normally Embedded Sets Are Lipschitz Normally Embedded. Appendix by Anne Pichon and Walter D. Neumann
Authors: Fernandes Alexandre , Sampaio J Edson
Published: November 2017

We prove that tangent cones of Lipschitz normally embedded sets are Lipschitz normally embedded. We also extend to real subanalytic sets the notion of reduced tangent cone and we show that subanalytic Lipschitz normally embedded sets have reduced tangent cones. In particular, we get that Lipschitz normally embedded complex analytic sets have reduced tangent cones.
Increasing the Power of Your Study by Increasing the Effect Size
Authors: Meyvis Tom , Van Osselaer Stijn M J
Published: November 2017

As in other social sciences, published findings in consumer research tend to overestimate the size of the effect being investigated, due to both file drawer effects and abuse of researcher degrees of freedom, including opportunistic analysis decisions. Given that most effect sizes are substantially smaller than would be apparent from published research, there has been a widespread call to increase power by increasing sample size. We propose that, aside from increasing sample size, researchers can also increase power by boosting the effect size. If done correctly, removing participants, using covariates, and optimizing experimental designs, stimuli, and measures can boost effect size without inflating researcher degrees of freedom. In fact, careful planning of studies and analyses to maximize effect size is essential to be able to study many psychologically interesting phenomena when massive sample sizes are not feasible.
How the Intention to Share Can Undermine Enjoyment: Photo-Taking Goals and Evaluation of Experiences
Authors: Barasch Alixandra , Zauberman Gal , Diehl Kristin
Published: November 2017

People often share their experiences with others who were not originally present, which provides them with both personal and interpersonal benefits. However, most prior work on this form of sharing has examined the decision to share one’s experience only after the experience is over. We investigate a distinct, unexplored aspect of the sharing process: when the decision to share is already salient during an experience and hence can impact the experience itself. We examine this research question within the context of photo-taking, an increasingly ubiquitous and integral part of people’s experiences. Across two field and three laboratory studies, we find that relative to taking pictures for oneself (e.g., to preserve one’s memories), taking pictures with the intention to share them with others (e.g., to post on social media) reduces enjoyment of experiences. This effect occurs because taking photos with the intention to share increases self-presentational concern during the experience, which can reduce enjoyment directly, as well as indirectly by lowering engagement with the experience. We identify several factors that moderate the effect of photo-taking goals on enjoyment, such as individual differences in the extent to which individuals care about how others perceive them and the closeness of the intended audience.