bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibration Analysis of a Symmetric Double-Beam with an Elastic Middle Layer at Arbitrary Boundary Conditions
Authors: Abdulsahib Imad A. , Atiyah Qasim A.
Published: September 2022

Vibration of double beams with an elastic connected layer has been studied in this paper by assuming that the beam is a Bernoulli-Euler beam. The natural frequencies equations of the symmetric double beam have been computed at arbitrary boundary conditions. The behavior of those frequencies has been investigated with a change in the stiffness of connected layer, modulus of elasticity of beam, length of beam, mass density of beam, and thickness of beam. The high effect of the elastic connected layer on the higher natural frequencies of a cantilever double beam is less than that in the clamped and free double beams. The increase in the thickness of upper and lower beams made a high increase in the values of lower natural frequencies in all types of beams. The change in the modulus of elasticity values of double beam becomes high on the lower natural frequencies but without enlarging the influence on the higher frequencies, especially in the cantilever double beam. The similar effect of change in the mass density of the beam resulted in the same influence on the higher and lower natural frequencies in all types of beams. The length of the beam enlarges the influence on the higher natural frequencies of clamped and free.
Study on Thermal Performance of the Small-Scale Air Conditioning with Thermoelectric Cooling Module
Authors: Poojeera Sahassawas , Srichat Aphichat , Naphon Nittaya , Naphon Paisarn
Published: September 2022

This work presents the COP and EER of the combined air conditioning and thermoelectric cooling systems. The small-scale air conditioning (8000 BTU/hr) with thermoelectric cooling systems is set up in the closed room (2.0*2.0*2.0 m), and free energy from the photovoltaic cell is used for the thermoelectric cooling module. The COP and EER with the thermoelectric cooling module are higher than those without the thermoelectric cooling module. It is observed that the COP and EER increase as the axial fan speeds increase. In addition, there is good agreement from the comparison, giving an average error of 3.77%. The highest COP and EER for the system with the thermoelectric cooling module are 1.71 and 5.85 for an airflow rate of 4.7 m3/s, respectively. The results can be used as guidelines for developing the thermal performance of air conditioning by combining it with the thermoelectric cooling module.
APPLICATIONS OF STRUCTURED IN SPACE AND TIME laser beam in vibrometer
Authors: Burnaevskaja Ekaterina V. , Grishanov Vladimir N.
Published: September 2022

Developed laser meters vibratory, allowing simultaneous capture of three spatial components displacement surface - two corner and one progressive. To measure the angular displacement components used mirror component reflected by the surface of the radiation, and translational - diffuse. Repetitively pulsed mode laser provides a measurement of the frequency of vibration. It is shown that a primation in vibrometers structured in space and time of the laser beams, the performance of vibration meters and extends the range of the measured parameters.
IMAGES OF CHAOS IN ATTITUDE DYNAMICS OF MULTI-SPIN SPACECRAFT AND GYROSTAT-SATELLITES
Authors: Doroshin Anton V.
Published: September 2022

Chaotic aspects of attitude motion of multi-spin spacecraft and gyrostat-satellites are investigated with the help of the Melnikov method and Poincaré sections. Images of dynamical chaos are plotted for some cases of phase portrait forms corresponded to different values of dynamical parameters. The bifurcations of the chaotic regimes with the change of phase portrait forms are illustrated.
Influence of the combustion process in the flow of fluidization fuel
Authors: Egorov A. G. , Gagloev D. M. , Tizilov A. S.
Published: September 2022

Developed method of controlling the combustion process in the flow of fluidization fuel based on the injection of non-stationary jets of air into the mixing layer of the main flow to the recirculation zone. It is shown that by varying the frequency and the rate of injection of pulsating jets of air, you can control the characteristics of the combustion fuel in a stream of fluidization.
Comorbidity of Diabetes and Covid-19 in 570 Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction Patients in Yazd-2019-2020
Authors: Ansari Kazem , Mousavi Seyed Alireza , Cheraghipour Mohammad , AkhoundiMeybodi Zohreh
Published: September 2022

Objective: Epidemiological evidence shows that the prevalence of patients with comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM), in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is remarkable and they have poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate the comorbidity of diabetes and covid-19 in positive Polymerase Chain Reaction people in Yazd.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included data of 570 COVID-19 positive patients, admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran, from February2019 to May 2020, including demographic data and clinical outcome of COVID-19. Study data were analyzed using SPSS software-22 and T-test, Chi-square and a binary logistic regression model were used for modeling.
Results: Prevalence of COVID-19 patients with diabetes was 27% and the percentage of male patients was 62.6%. Additionally, duration of hospitalization significantly higher in diabetic patients (P= 0.004), need to invasive mechanical ventilation in diabetic patients was significantly higher than non-diabetic patients (P˂ 0.001)
Conclusion: DM is one of the most important comorbidity with COVID-19 patients and this comorbidity affects the severity of the disease and the outcome of patients.
The Impact of HIIT on the cTnT Response in Sedentary Obese Young Men
Authors: Khodayari Behroz , Dehghan Mohammad Reza , Nouri Reza , Gaeini Abbas Ali , Kordi Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2022

Objective: Evaluation of the effect of 8 weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on the serum level of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in sedentary obese young men.
Materials and Methods: Thirty sedentary men were randomly divided into 3 groups: the 30s HIIT training group (n=10), the 60s training group (n=10), and the control group (no exercise) (n=10). Interval training with 90 %VO2peak was done in 3 sessions for 8 weeks. cTnT was measured 5 times; pre-exercise, 4hrs, and 24hrs after the first session (4hF, 24hF), and 4hrs and 24hrs after the last training session (4hL, 24hL). ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used by SPSS 23 with a significance level of (P< 0.05).
Results: The significant increase in serum levels of cTnT in the post-tests of the 60s HIIT compared to the first 24hrs and the last 24hrs (P= 0.0001). But in the 30s group it was not significant compared to the other measurements (P≥ 0/05). In the 2 training groups, serum levels of cTnT in the last 4hr post-tests of the last week were not significantly different from the 4hrs post-tests of the first week (P≥ 0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that none of these activities cause heart damage sustained, and changes in cTnT levels in two 4hrs compared to the first and last 24hrs of the 60s group may be due to reversible leakage of cardiac cell membranes, and may continuous exercise will reduce this reduction.
A Review on 17-β estradiol a Potent Therapeutic Factor of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Farhadi Zeinab , Khaksari Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Type 2 diabetes causes structural and functional changes in the myocardium, which is called cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a distinct primary disorder process, independent of coronary artery disease, which leads to heart failure in diabetic patients. Also, DCM is a multifaceted disorder that is one of the leading causes of death in elderly and postmenopausal women. Menopause is associated with decreased and stopped ovarian function, which reduces and stops the production of ovarian hormones, especially estrogen. Moreover, menopause is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Sex steroids such as 17-β estradiol have a variety of protective effects on many tissues in the body, including the cardiovascular system. In this article, the concept of DCM, the underlying molecular signaling pathway, and, finally, the role of 17-β estradiol as one of the most important estrogens in moderating DCM are discussed to provide a theoretical basis for in-depth study.
MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION OF ALPACA (Vicugna pacos) OVARIES DURING
THE FETAL STAGE
Authors:   Laboratory of Animal Anatomy and
            Wildlife, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos,
            Lima-Perú, Vilca Eliana , Navarrete Miluska , Santillan Gilberto , Chavez Alexander , Santos Francisco
Published: September 2022

The aim of this work was to describe macroscopically and microscopically the
ovaries of alpacas during the fetal stage. We worked with 18 female fetuses collected at
the Huancavelica Municipal Slaughterhouse, from alpacas destined for human consumption.
The process and analysis of the collected samples was performed at the Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine - UNMSM, in Lima, Peru. Fetal age was calculated by measuring the
biparietal diameter and divided into three groups: Group I (60 - 150 days), Group II
(151 - 239 days) and Group III (240 - 335 days). The weight of the ovaries was 0.02 ±
0.01, 0.03 ± 0.01 and 0.03 ± 0.01 grams in the first, second and third group,
respectively. The ovaries were paired, oval-shaped, with a smooth, cream surface,
located in the sublumbar region at the level of the 6th and 7th lumbar vertebrae. The
cortex and medulla were visible from the third month. Microscopically, in Group I, we
observed oogonium, the distinction between cortex and medulla, unilaminar primary
follicles, atresia and segmentation of the germ cells. In Group II, we observed
preantral primary follicles. In Group III, we observed preovulatory follicles. We
concluded that, from day 68 of the fetal stage of the alpaca, ovaries have macroscopic
characteristics similar to those of an adult alpaca. Microscopically, they presented
ovogonia, primordial follicles, unilaminar primary follicles, preantral follicles,
preovulatory follicle, as well as the degeneration of the germ cells.
EVOLUTION OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT OVARIAN PHYSIOLOGY AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE
APPLICATION OF REPRODUCTIVE BIOTECHNOLOGIES IN SOUTH AMERICA
Authors:   Western College of Veterinary
            Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canadá, Mapletoft Reuben , Bó Gabriel , Baruselli Pietro , Menchaca Alejo , Sartori Roberto
Published: September 2022

As our understanding of ovarian function in cattle has improved, our ability to
control it has also increased. Luteal function in cattle has been studied in detail, and
prostaglandin F2α has been used for several years for elective induction of luteal
regression. More recently, follicular wave dynamics have been studied and protocols have
been designed to induce follicular wave emergence and ovulation, and the need to detect
oestrus has even been eliminated. The addition of progesterone, estradiol, GnRH and
equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) releasing devices has provided opportunities for
fixed-time AI (IATF) and possibilities for achieving higher pregnancy rates. In embryo
transfer programs, these same treatments have eliminated the need to detect oestrus,
allowing fixed-time embryo transfer (TETF) and the initiation of superstimulatory
treatments regardless of the day of the estrous cycle. Taken together, the new protocols
have facilitated the application of assisted reproductive technologies, and this is
especially true in South America. Over the past 20 years, the use of AI in South America
has increased, due in large part to the use of the IATF. The use of the IATF has been
multiplied by more than 10 times in Brazil, with more than 11 million treatments in
2016, which represents 85% of all AI. Similar trends are occurring in Argentina and
Uruguay. In vivo embryo production produced by superovulation (DIV) has remained
relatively stable over the years, but in vitro embryo production (PIV) has increased
dramatically in the last 10 to 15 years, especially in Brazil, where More than 300,000
PIV embryos were produced in 2010. Worldwide, over 990,000 bovine PIV embryos were
produced in 2017, of which more than% were produced in South America. The use of
assisted reproductive technologies has facilitated the spread of genetic improvements
and increased reproductive performance; These practices are spreading to many South
American countries.
“Não sejam cristãos frouxos”:
Authors: Sílvia Gonçalves Pereira Réia
Published: September 2022

O texto analisa algumas das postagens de Malafaia na internet, durante a sindemia de Covid-19. O argumento é que seu discurso se utiliza de um ethos, ao mesmo tempo bélico, e de cunho nacionalista (MAURICIO JUNIOR, 2019), em que o sacrifício pela nação supostamente cristã, representada pelo governo Bolsonaro, justificaria a inação e mesmo o boicote às medidas de controle da crise sanitária.
HANDLING STRATEGY OF DAMAGE AND COST ESTIMATION OF SITUBONDO-BAJULMATI ROAD MAINTENANCE LINK.025 KM SBY 233+000 – 251+000
Authors: Lafatza Andini Wihenda , Hasanuddin Akhmad , Trisiana Anita
Published: September 2022

Pantura highway, especially on Situbondo-Bajulmati Link. 025 Km Sby 233+00-251+00 road section is one of the road section points that have a high activity every day so the road conditions are not good. Routine and periodical road maintenance was done by DPU Bina Marga and then the comparison of realization and the theory-based costs was found out by using the International Roughness Index (IRI) method. After that, an analysis of routine and periodical maintenance during 10 years plan age to know the lowest and efficient cost to the road maintenance was conducted. The realization and theory-based costs of routine maintenance have a difference of Rp107.526.929. The realization and theory-based costs of periodical maintenance have a difference of Rp953.520.843. The difference between the realization and theory-based costs required DPU Bina Marga to do a strategy of road damage. The results of the analysis for 10 years plan age with the calculated interest shows that the routine maintenance once a year was considered as effective to be conducted to minimize cost.

Jalan Raya Pantura, tepatnya ruas Jalan Situbondo-Bajulmati Link. 025 Km Sby 233+00-251+00 merupakan salah satu titik ruas jalan yang memiliki aktivitas tinggi setiap harinya sehingga kondisi jalannya kurang baik. Pemeliharaan rutin dan berkala jalan dilakukan oleh DPU Bina Marga dan selanjutnya akan dicari perbandingan biaya realisasi dan biaya sesuai teori yang menggunakan metode International Roughness Index (IRI). Setelah itu dilakukan analisis pemeliharaan rutin dan berkala jalan selama umur rencana 10 tahun untuk mengetahui biaya yang paling murah dan efisien untuk pemeliharaan jalan. Biaya realisasi dan biaya sesuai teori pemeliharaan rutin memiliki selisih Rp107.526.929. Biaya realisasi dan biaya sesuai teori pemeliharaan berkala  memiliki selisih Rp953.520.843. Adanya perbedaan antara biaya realisasi dan biaya secara teori mengharuskan pihak DPU Bina Marga melakukan suatu strategi penanganan kerusakan jalan.. Hasil analisis selama umur rencana 10 tahun dengan bunga yang telah diperhitungkan menunjukkan bahwa pemeliharaan rutin 1 tahun sekali dinilai lebih efektif dilakukan untuk meminimalisir pembengkakan biaya.
Perencanaan Struktur Atas Gedung Kuliah Bersama Universitas Negeri Malang Dengan Menggunakan SNI 2847:2019 dan SNI 1726:2019
Authors: Prayoga Dhaniar Muchlis , Wahyuningtyas Winda Tri , Nurtanto Dwi
Published: September 2022

The feasibility of a building is generally viewed from a safety perspective which is reviewed against all possible loads that will occur on it. Meanwhile, in reinforced concrete buildings, a planner is required to build a ductile structure, namely a building that can withstand the loads it carries before the building collapses. This is of course influenced by the dynamics of natural conditions, such as earthquakes, which are increasingly dangerous, as shown on earthquake maps from year to year. Seeing this phenomenon, the building specifications need to be improved to meet the strength aspects of earthquake-resistant structures. The purpose of this research is to plan a joint lecture building at the State University of Malang using SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019. The results of the structural analysis program show that the inter-story drift is 85.4 mm in the x-direction and 49.5 mm in the y-direction. The results of earthquake loading using the response spectrum method produced a basic shear of 19165.9 kN in the x-direction and 19251.8 kN in the y-direction. Meanwhile, based on the results of the modal analysis, the cumulative value of mass participation was 95.7% in the x-direction and 95.4% in the y-direction. From the design of each structural component, the strength/resistance (∅𝑅n) exceeds the required strength (𝑅u).

ABSTRAK

Kelayakan suatu bangunan umumnya ditinjau dari segi keamanan yang ditinjau terhadap semua kemungkinan beban yang akan terjadi padanya. Selain itu pada bangunan beton bertulang, seorang perencana dituntut untuk membangun suatu struktur yang daktail, yaitu bangunan yang mampu menahan beban-beban yang dipikulnya sebelum akhirnya bangunan tersebut mengalami keruntuhan. Hal ini tentu saja dipengaruhi oleh dinamika kondisi alam seperti halnya gempa bumi yang semakin hari memiliki potensi bahaya yang semakin besar, seperti ditunjukan pada peta gempa dari tahun ke tahun. Melihat fenomena tersebut spesifikasi gedung perlu di tingkatkan guna memenuhi aspek kekuatan struktur tahan gempa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merencanakan gedung kuliah bersama di Universitas Negeri Malang menggunakan SNI 1726:2019 dan SNI 2847:2019. Hasil dari program analisis struktur menunjukkan simpangan antar lantai sebesar 85.4 mm pada arah x dan 49.5 mm pada arah y. Hasil dari pembebanan gempa menggunakan metode respon spektrum menghasilkan gaya geser dasar sebesar 19165.9 kN pada arah x dan 19251.8 kN pada arah y. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil analisis modal didapatkan nilai kumulatif partisipasi massa sebesar 95.7% pada arah x dan 95.4% pada arah y. Dari desain masing-masing komponen struktur didapatkan kekuatan/tahanan (∅𝑅n) yang melebihi dari kuat perlunya (𝑅u).
Rural Entrepreneurship, a perspective with special reference to Arunachal Pradesh: an Empirical Study
Authors: Deb Sukamal
Published: September 2022

The entrepreneur, Â term coined by European economist Richard Cantillon Â in 1755, through his enterprise helps in employment generation, generating national income, dispersal of economic power, balancing regional development and in harnessing youth vigour. It is also defined as â€˜the ability of communities to turn grass into goldâ€™. The region of North East India in particular will have to realize how confidently it can rely upon the rural enterprises but for that the Society will have to walk extra-miles with innovation, dedication and determination. In absence of private enterprises in Arunachal Pradesh, there is only Government sector to provide job which is over saturated. Moreover, few jobs, if available, are non-productive clerical type.Â  Â Â Although the State is comparatively peaceful, the North-East Region has been facing problem of militants mainly because of dearth of employment. Setting up VI is therefore the probable answer.
An Empirical Nexus between Consumer and Wholesale Price Indexes for Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Jamshaid ur
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the relationship between consumer and wholesale price indexes for Pakistan using the Granger Causality Test Procedure developed by Toda-Yamamoto (1995) after the analysis of unit root and cointegration tests, the most widely used tests for time series analysis. The findings in this paper indicate that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between consumer and wholesale price indexes at bivariate and multivariate, with additional variables money supply and exchange rate. The results of this study apparently seem consistent with preceding studies that wholesale prices and consumer prices have feedback effect among them
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAMS IN A FREIGHT RAILWAY COMPANY: “BEST PRACTICES”
Authors: Pratama Muhammad Fadhil Evan , Denny Hanifa Maher , Ekawati
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Background: The accidents at the workplace can affect productivity and public welfare. The occupational safety and health (OSH) program minimizes the case of accidents and illness at the workplace. The study site is a freight railway company with some risks as other transportation businesses. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the company's best practices in OSH programs. Methods: This research is a qualitative design with an online in-depth interview approach to collect the data. The head of the company, Central Java branch, was interviewed as the primary informant while the head of the operational section was the triangulation informant. The researchers also reviewed some documents to validate the interview results. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: inspection, briefing, and training are the main OSH related programs in the company to increase the safety climate in the workplace. However, the company has not implemented the inspection as scheduled, lack of safety materials for the morning briefing, and lack of training for the workers. Conclusion: The freight railway in the study site has implemented some OSH Programs, but the safety briefing, inspection, and OSH training need to be conducted.
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Masih tingginya angka kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas serta kesejahteraan masyarakat. Untuk mencegah hal tersebut terjadi, diperlukan adanya program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) di tempat kerja yang merupakan upaya dari perusahaan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya kasus kecelakaan kerja dan kasus penyakit akibat kerja. PT.X yang merupakan perusahaan logistik berbasis kereta api ini mempunyai potensi bahaya yang dapat memicu terjadinya kecelakaan di tempat kerja. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui upaya dari perusahaan untuk mencegah terjadinya kecelakaan kerja melalui program K3 yang ada di perusahaan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu form wawancara mendalam, serta pengumpulan data dilakukan secara daring. Informan utama dan triangulasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu kepala cabang dan kepala operasional. Data dianalisis berdasarkan triangulasi metode dan triangulasi sumber. Hasil: Inspeksi, briefing, dan pelatihan merupakan program utama perusahaan yang berkaitan dengan K3, dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan iklim K3 di tempat kerja. Tetapi, perusahaan tidak menjalankan inspeksi rutin, kurangnya materi K3 pada saat briefing, dan kurangnya pelatihan pada pekerja. Kesimpulan: Program K3 yang ada di PT. X masing-masing mempunyai kelebihan serta kekurangan, dan menyarankan untuk meningkatkan atau memperbaiki program K3, seperti penerapan inspeksi rutin, adanya pelatihan, dan pemberian materi K3 pada saat briefing.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS ON PATIENT SAFETY IINCIDENCE IN HOSPITAL: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Alifia Redina Thara , Dhamanti Inge
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Background: Root cause analysis (RCA) is a process used by hospitals to reduce the level of patient safety incidents. The minimized application of root cause analysis has resulted in inevitable patient safety incidents. Research objectives: ​​ This study aims to determine the application of RCA to patient safety incidents in hospitals. Method: The method used in this study was a literature review. Articles were obtained through the Pubmed, SAGE, and Google Scholar databases published in 2016-2021. Results: The implementation of RCA in 46 hospitals in France, the United States, and Hong Kong is known to run inadequately. This is due to the fact that the overall causative factors are not identified and the type of solution produced is ineffective in preventing the occurrence of the same patient safety incidents (PSI) in the future. Conclusion: The results of the article review shows that the application of RCA is not optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of RCA in hospitals.
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Analisis akar penyebab merupakan proses yang digunakan oleh rumah sakit untuk mengurangi tingkat kejadian insiden keselamatan pasien. Penerapan analisis akar penyebab yang belum maksimal menyebabkan insiden keselamatan pasien belum berhasil untuk dicegah.  Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas dan hambatan penerapan RCA pada insiden keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit. Metode: Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah scoping review. Pencarian artikel didapat melalui database Pubmed, SAGE, dan Google Scholar yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2016-2021. Hasil: Penerapan RCA pada 46 rumah sakit di negara Prancis, Amerika Serikat, dan Hongkong diketahui belum berjalan secara optimal. Hal ini disebabkan, karena tidak mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab secara keseluruhan dan jenis solusi yang dihasilkan tidak efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya insiden keselamatan pasien (IKP) yang sama di masa mendatang. Kesimpulan: Hasil tinjauan artikel menunjukkan penerapan RCA belum optimal, sehingga dibutuhkan peningkatan kualitas RCA di rumah sakit.
Ferroptotic cells augment T-cell activation and neuroinflammation
Authors: Xue Ying , Lu Fujia , Wang Weimin
Published: September 2022

Since ferroptosis, a form of cell death characterized by aberrant lipid peroxidation, was proposed 10 years ago, its interaction with the immune system has been revealed gradually. On the one hand, immune cell-secreted cytokines are able to increase or suppress ferroptosis sensitivities of other cell types, such as tumor cells and fibroblasts. On the other hand, ferroptotic cell-released factors have the capacity to modulate the functions of neighboring immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells. Identifying these immunomodulatory molecules generated during ferroptosis paves the way for developing novel immunotherapy strategies for treating cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Biodegradable plastics in the marine environment: a potential source of risk?
Authors: Chen Hongzhe
Published: September 2022

The marine environment is facing the threat of increasing plastic pollution, especially from disposable plastics. Presently, governments worldwide are promoting policies to restrict or prohibit conventional plastics. As one hopeful alternative to conventional disposable/non-durable plastics, biodegradable plastics have attracted much attention and controversy in terms of their definition, environmental impact, and environmental significance, as they may be widely used. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the facts about biodegradable plastics, understand the current knowledge gaps, and identify promising fields of relevant research. This review briefly introduces some common biodegradable plastics, their mechanisms of biodegradation, indicators for the biodegradation process, and factors concerning biodegradability and summarizes studies on the biodegradation of biodegradable plastics in the marine environment. The lifespan of biodegradable plastics varies greatly due to their compositions/properties as well as significant differences in the marine environment. Then, the potential risks of biodegradable plastics, including the release of pollutants (micro/nanoplastics, degradation products, and additives), adsorption-desorption of pollutants (pesticide, etc.), and their impact on biomes and biogeochemical cycles are discussed, fully revealing their possible impacts on the marine environment. It is believed that, in addition to the waste of resources, a high abundance of microplastics, toxic leachates, and complex effects on habitats and the environment may also cause problems for the marine environment as a result of the widespread and inappropriate use of biodegradable plastics. Based on the discussion, some constructive suggestions on how to use biodegradable plastics reasonably and prudently in the future are put forward.
Strategi Pengembangan Pusat Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup (Pplh) Seloliman Di Kabupaten Mojokerto, Jawa Timur
Authors:   Program Studi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan, Fakultas Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jl. Pajajaran Kampus IPB Baranangsiang, Bogor, Indonesia, Habibah Heni , Karlinasari Lina ,   Program Studi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan, Fakultas Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jl. Pajajaran Kampus IPB Baranangsiang, Bogor, Indonesia,   Departemen Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jl. Lingkar Akademik, Kampus IPB Dramaga. Institut Pertanian Bogor, 16680, Indonesia, Rushayati Siti Badriyah ,   Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan dan Ekowisata, Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jl. Lingkar Akademik, Kampus IPB Dramaga. Institut Pertanian Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
Published: September 2022

The Environmental Education Center (PPLH) Seloliman is a place for environmental education for students, teachers and the public who can learn and interact directly with the actual state of nature. The development of PPLH Seloliman has a very important role in the success of environmental education. This study aims are to analyze internal and external factors for the existence of PPLH Seloliman, analyzing the strategic position of PPLH Seloliman development, and developing alternative strategies for developing PPLH Seloliman. Survey methods and analysis of Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threats (SWOT) were carried out in this study. The result showed there are seven strength variables and three weakness variables on internal factors, six opportunity variables and three threat variables on external factors. The strategic position of PPLH is in quadrant I, an aggressive management strategy by taking advantage of strengths and opportunities. Alternative development strategies for PPLH Seloliman that are generally identified are collaboration with relevant ministries (Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, Education, Culture, Research and Technology, and Ministry of Environment and Forestry Ministry), private institutions (tourism travel service bureaus and mass media), and academics in terms of adding media innovations to support environmental education at PPLH Seloliman.
Contributions of Nature-Based Solutions to Reducing Peoples’ Vulnerabilities to Climate Change across the Rural Global South
Authors: Woroniecki Stephen , Spiegelenberg Femke Anna , Chausson Alexandre , Turner Beth , Key Isabel , Irfanullah Haseeb , Seddon Nathalie
Published: September 2022

Nature-based solutions (NbS) - working with and enhancing nature to address societal challenges - are increasingly being featured in climate change adaptation policy and plans. While there is growing evidence that NbS can reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts in general, there is a lack of understanding on the mechanisms through which this can be achieved, particularly in the Global South. To address this, we analyse 85 nature-based interventions in rural areas across the Global South, and factors mediating their effectiveness, based on a systematic map of peer-reviewed studies encompassing a wide diversity of ecosystems, climate impacts, and intervention types. We develop and apply an analytical framework of people’s social-ecological vulnerability to climate change, in terms of six pathways of vulnerability reduction: social and ecological exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Most cases (95%) report a reduction in vulnerability, primarily by lowering ecosystem sensitivity to climate impacts (73% of interventions), followed by reducing social sensitivity (52%), reducing ecological exposure (36%), increasing social adaptive capacity (31%), increasing ecological adaptive capacity (19%) and/or reducing social exposure (14%). An analysis of mediating factors shows that social dimensions are equally important as technical factors in NbS to achieving equitable and effective outcomes. Attention to the distinct social and ecological pathways through which vulnerability is reduced helps to harness the multiple benefits of working with nature in a warming world.
A Dialogue System that Models User's Opinion Based on Information Content
Authors: Ohira Yoshiki , Uchida Takahisa , Minato Takashi , Ishiguro Hiroshi
Published: September 2022

When designing rule-based dialogue systems, the need for elaborate design by the designer is a challenge for dialogue systems. One way to reduce the cost of creating content is to generate utterances from data collected in an objective and reproducible manner. This study focuses on rule-based dialogue systems using survey data, and more specifically on opinion dialogue where the system models the user. In opinion dialogue, there has not been much study of topic transition methods for modeling users while maintaining their motivation for dialogue. To model them, we adopted information content. Our contribution includes the design of a rule-based dialogue system that does not require elaborate design. We also reported an appropriate topic transition method based on information content. This is confirmed by the influence of the user's personality characteristics. The content of questions can give the user a sense of the system's intention to understand them. We also reported the possibility that the system's rational intention contributes to the user's motivation for dialogue with the system.
A Cost-Utility Analysis of Mesh Prophylaxis in the Prevention of Incisional Hernias Following Stoma Closure Surgery
Authors: Sheikh Yusuf , Asunramu Hareef , Low Heather , Gakhar Dev , Muthukumar Keerthi , Yassin Husam , De Preux Laure
Published: September 2022

Background: Stoma closure is a widely performed surgical procedure, with 6295 undertaken in England in 2018 alone. This procedure is associated with significant complications; incisional hernias are the most severe, occurring in 30% of patients. Complications place considerable financial burden on the NHS; hernia costs are estimated at GBP 114 million annually. As recent evidence (ROCSS, 2020) found that prophylactic meshes significantly reduce rates of incisional hernias following stoma closure surgery, an evaluation of this intervention vs. standard procedure is essential. Methods: A cost-utility analysis (CUA) was conducted using data from the ROCSS prospective multi-centre trial, which followed 790 patients, randomly assigned to mesh closure (n=394) and standard closure (n=396). Quality of life was assessed using mean EQ-5D-5L scores from the trial, and costs in GBP using UK-based sources over a 2-year time horizon. Results: The CUA yielded an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of GBP 128,356.25 per QALY. Additionally, two univariate sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the model. Conclusion: The results demonstrate an increased benefit with mesh prophylaxis, but at an increased cost. Although the intervention is cost-ineffective and greater than the ICER threshold of GBP 30,000/QALY (NICE), further investigation into mesh prophylaxis for at risk population groups is needed.
impactos da Guerra da Ucrânia nas cadeias de produção alimentares mundiais
Authors: Fonseca Estefan Monteiro da , Silva Eduardo Camilo da , Silva Lima Leonardo da , Freitas Delgado Jessica de
Published: September 2022

A economia global enfrentou, nos últimos trinta anos, um intenso processo de globalização, marcado pela grande mudança do modelo produtivo internacional (Gaspar, 2015). Particularmente, no que tange à dinâmica de produção e da rede comercial resultante do processo de globalização capitalista, o modelo tradicional foi substituído pela “terceirização internacional”, que passou a levar em conta, principalmente, a minimização dos custos financeiros e o aumento da produtividade, alicerçando-se em bases que, até o momento, eram consideradas sólidas e com um certo grau de segurança.
Combination of Isoniazid and Rifampin for the Prevention of Failure of Standard Therapy for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Children: Evidence Base Case Report
Authors: Bakhtiar Bakhtiar , Angriani Hirsa
Published: September 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) control program in children is carried out with three strategies: finding and treating adult TB cases (as a source of transmission), treating latent TB infection, and administering the BCG vaccine. There is a high risk of transmission in children in close contact and living at home with adult patients. After Mycobacterium is inhaled through the respiratory tract, then the body's resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis occurs. Furthermore, there are two possibilities: only TB infection occurs, or the child has TB disease. We report one case: a boy, age four years, diagnosed with latent TB infection. This diagnosis is based on the findings of the 13 mm tuberculin test (positive). There is a history of contact with adult TB patients. On physical examination, no abnormalities were found. Likewise, the chest X-ray examination also found no abnormalities. Due to the diagnosis of latent TB infection, prophylaxis with Isoniazid was planned for six months. In the first month, the child still wants to take medication according to the rules. However, entering the second month, children sometimes do not want to take medication. This situation raises concerns about the possibility of therapy failure. His mother was very worried about this condition. Therefore, doctors offer to provide a combination pattern of therapy in isoniazid with rifampicin, with a span of 3 months. Standard therapy with INH alone was discontinued. This therapeutic decision was based on a study that combined INH with rifampin for three months gave better results than single prophylactic therapy with INH.
A Study of Kitten Behaviours in The Urban Backyard
Authors: Rosalia Rosalia , Ferasyi Teuku Reza , Syah Nanda Yulian
Published: September 2022

Kitten is the earliest stage of a cat’s life, starting from 0 – 6 months old. As the golden age of a human baby in their first 1000 days of life, a kitten is the golden period for cats to grow and explore the environments. People tend to adopt cats at this stage as it is easier for them to shape and understand the characteristics of their cats. Therefore, understanding the behaviors of cats during the kitten period is fundamental. This study observed the behaviors of two pet kittens at 13 weeks of age when they roamed around the urban backyard. An ethogram was designed to record the duration of states (in second) and the frequency of events (per observation) of all behaviors. During the assessments, both kittens dominantly performed exploratory behaviors. They tended to explore the environment by sniffing ground, climbing trees, staring at birds, and walking around the backyard. These behaviors could be seen more often than their playing behaviors (object play and social play). In conclusion, this study supports the view that during the late socialization period (9-16 weeks), kittens seem to show the intense exploration of the environment as part of the development of predatory behavior or hunting skills in wild nature settings.
Detection of Beef Type Dark, Firm, and Dry (DFD) and Pale, Soft, and Exudative (PSE) for Sale at Peunayong Market Banda Aceh
Authors: Novita Andi Novita , Siregar Silvia Rahman , Ferasyi Teuku Reza
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine beef types Dark, Firm, and Dry (DFD) and Pale, Soft, and Exudative (PSE) that are sold at the Peunayong Market, Banda Aceh. A total of nine samples of beef from different sellers will be used as extracts and the pH is measured three times every 1 hour for 12 hours to determine the trend of decreasing pH. Organoleptic observations were carried out to determine the visual differences shown by the meat samples. Parameters observed were meat color, meat aroma, meat texture and surface state of the meat. The data obtained from pH measurements and organoleptic tests were analyzed descriptively. Based on the results of pH measurements seen from the decreasing trend of pH in nine samples of beef, seven of them were PSE type beef with a pH value of 5.2 and the other two samples were of good quality meat with a pH value ranging from 5.6 to 5.4. From the results of organoleptic tests for color parameters, four samples were pale, one sample was very pale and the rest were red. All the meat samples tasted normal. Meat texture and surface condition for soft-textured meat has a wet surface, while hard-textured meat has a dry surface.
Overcoming Fundamental Restrictions: Novel Multistation Measurement While Drilling Survey Correction
Authors: Bulychenkov Konstantin
Published: September 2022

The traditional multistation analysis (MSA) method for drilling string magnetization compensation considers significantly limited information, only consisting of a single measurement while drilling (MWD) six-axis survey run. The limitations of this approach are an excessive scatter in the corrected azimuth values, poor accuracy in attitudes near the horizontal east/west directions, and low robustness of the algorithm, which make it nearly impossible to automate the survey processing.

A novel MSA correction, involving further elaboration of the conventional MSA method, is proposed in this study. The proposed algorithm utilizes all available drilling information, including data from geomagnetic reference, error models, multiple six-axis runs, bottomhole assembly (BHA) designs, and slide sheets. This improvement moves the optimization task to find the survey correction vector from multiple independent spaces of total gravity field, total magnetic field, and dip angle (GBD) for each MWD run into a single GBD + north/east/vertical space of the entire well. Unlike the conventional MSA, which processes only a small portion of the available information, each MWD runs independently, the proposed algorithm finds the survey correction vector for all MWD runs simultaneously with additional constraints of trajectory steering and drillstring interference (DSI) modeling.

Consequently, the proposed MSA method provides the best borehole positional accuracy for MWD surveys. Depending on the input conditions, the accuracy of the proposed MSA can be improved by an order of magnitude relative to the accuracy performance of the conventional MSA correction. In addition, this approach demonstrates better stability and robustness than the conventional MSA. The proposed method provides high startup performance, especially during the drilling of the tangent section. This is critically important for building automatic drilling systems and avoiding nonproductive time. Under normal conditions, the proposed MSA algorithm does not have a no-go zone and allows the correction of MWD surveys at the horizontal east/west tangent sections.
Inhibitory action of mVOCs from Shewanella algae Sg8 against phytopathogenic fungi and transcriptional elicitation of PR genes in tomato
Authors: Subramanian Radhesh Krishnan , Kumaravel Sengali Ragunath , Sriniva Radhakrishnan , Prabakaran Narayanasamy , Kandasamy Keerthana Ponni , G Balaji , K Latha
Published: September 2022

The analysis of Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) is an emerging research field with huge impact in the fields of medical and agricultural biotechnology, mVOCs are being considered as imminent eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. In this study, we characterized the effect of volatiles emitted from Shewanella algae (Sg8) isolated from a marine ecosystem in promoting plant growth, in controlling the activity of Fusarium oxysporum and its antagonistic activity against other phytopathogenic fungus. Sg8 inhibited the growth of four other agronomically important foliar and soil plant pathogens: Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Magnoporthae oryzae and Macrophomina sp. The effect of mVOCs produced by the bacterium Sg8, on plant growth were investigated on tomato plants under in vivo conditions. The VOCs emitted from Sg8 up regulated the Thaumatin-like antifungal (PR-5) gene (9-fold) and Glutamine synthetase (GS) gene (0.96-fold) in tomato plants. Sg8 effectively inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum and possessed plant growth promoting (PGP) activity. Our results show that Sg8 generates bioactive volatiles that induces the regulation of Pathogenesis related (PR) genes, and stimulates the growth of the plants and also suppresses the growth of other agriculturally important foliar and soil phyto-pathogenic fungus.
Mitigation of cadmium toxicity in Thai rice cultivar (PSL2) using biofertilizer containing indigenous cadmium-resistant microbial consortia
Authors: Koedrith Preeyaporn , Seang-On Ladda , Meeinkuirt Weeradej , Saminpanya Seriwat
Published: September 2022

Biofertilizer as amendment has growing awareness, little attention has been paid to the bioremediation potential of indigenous heavy metal-resistant microbes, especially when isolated from long term polluted soil, as a bioinoculant in biofertilizer. They are type of versatile nutrient provider and soil conditioner that is cost competitive, highly efficient with nondisruptive detoxifying capability. Herein, we investigated the effect of biofertilizers containing indigenous cadmium (Cd)-resistant microbial consortia on rice growth and physiological response. The Thai rice cultivar PSL2 (Oryza sativa L.) was grown in Cd-enriched soils amended with 3% biofertilizer. The composition of the biofertilizers’ bacterial community at different taxonomic levels was explored using 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Upon Cd stress, the test biofertilizer had maximum mitigating effects as shown by suppressed photosynthetic pigment loss, modulated proline content and enzymatic antioxidants, thereby allowing increased plant dry biomass (up to 115% and 112% in shoots and roots, respectively) and reduced Cd bioaccumulation (up to 68% and 65% in shoots and roots, respectively), as compared to the non-amended control. These phenomena might be attributed to increased soil pH, EC, CEC and organic matter, as well as enriched beneficial detoxifiers, i.e., Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria in the biofertilizers. The test biofertilizer was effective in ameliorating Cd phytotoxicity by improving soil biophysicochemical traits to limit Cd bioavailability, along with adjusting physiological traits such as antioxidative defense. This study first demonstrated that incorporating indigenous Cd-resistant microbe derived-biofertilizer could restrict Cd contents and consequently enhance plant growth and tolerance in polluted soil.