bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and thermodynamics of the reactions of [Pd(Eten)(H2O)2]2+ with ligands of biological significane with reference to the antitumour activity
Authors: Al-Kallaf Fawzia , Khalf-Allaa Perihan A. , Al-Bassam Abeer , Shoukry Mohamed M.
Published: May 2018

Pd(Eten)Cl2  complex, where Eten = N-ethylethylenediamine , was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques. The stoichiometry and stability of the complexes formed between [Pd(Eten)(H2O)2]2+ and various biologically relevant ligands  as adenine, adenosine, adenosine-5’-monophosphate  and some selected peptides  were investigated at 25ºC and 0.1 M ionic strength. The speciation diagrams of the complexes formed in solutions are evaluated. Thermodynamic parameters for Pd(Eten)-glycylglycine complexes were estimated.
Exploring Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) of Non-Tri cyclic Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors by MLR and PC-ANN
Authors: Deeb Omar , Zatari N.
Published: May 2018

Quantitative structure–activity relationship study using principal component artificial neural network (PC-ANN) methodology was conducted to predict the inhibitory activities expressed as pIC50 of 73 non-tri cyclic cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. The results obtained by MLR shows that the best two models are close to each other with regression coefficient of 0.85.  These optimal models were further analyzed by PC-ANN and the best model obtained was with regression coefficient of 0.823 for the test set. The lowest prediction sum of squares   (PRESS) value obtained for the prediction set is 4.727 which accounts for predictability of the model. Artificial neural networks provide improved models for heterogeneous data sets without splitting them into families. Both the external and cross-validation methods are used to validate the performances of the resulting models. Randomization test is employed to check the suitability of the models.
Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of new 4-Aryl-2-amino-6-(4-hydroxy coumarin-3-yl) pyridine-3-carbonitriles derivatives
Authors: HAMDI Naceur
Published: May 2018

This study aimed for the synthesis of 4-Aryl-2-amino-6-(4-hydroxy coumarin-3-yl) pyridine-3-carbonitriles 4 suitable for use as antibacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities via a versatile, readily accessible 3-((2E)-3(aryl)prop-2-enoyl)-2H-chromen-2-one 3  which were prepared by refluxing 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy coumarin with aromatic aldehydes in chloroform in the presence of a catalytic amount of piperidine. Then the direct reaction of the obtained chalcones 3 with malonitrile in the presence of ammonium acetate in one step gave products 5 .The structures of the new compounds 3-4 were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, and multinuclear/multidimensional NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C-NMR, NOESY, HMBC) which allowed assignment of the complete network of proton and carbon atoms. Most of the new compounds 4 exhibit moderate antibacterial activity against Gram Negative bacterial strains (E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. typhi and S. flexneri). In addition, the compounds 4 were investigated for anti-oxidant activities by super oxide radical, DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, where most of the compounds displayed significant antioxidant activities. Furthermore, these 4-Aryl-2-amino-6-(4-hydroxy coumarin-3-yl) pyridine-3-carbonitriles 4 were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by indirect haemolytic and lipoxygenase inhibition assays where compounds revealed good activity.
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM PALM OIL USING HOMOGENEOUS CATAYST SYSTEM
Authors: Wong Yee Ching , Suib Nurfarhana , Suib Nurfarhana
Published: May 2018

Due to the depletion of petroleum reserves and environmental concern, biodiesel has emerged as one of the most potential energy to replace petroleum. It is a renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic fuel which can be easily produced through transesterification. Transesterification of palm oil with methanol has been studied in a homogenous catalyst system using different catalysts (CaCO3, SrCO3 and BaCO3). The effects of concentration catalyst (0.25 %w/w-1.5 %w/w) and molar ratio of methanol to oil (3:1-21:1) on biodiesel yield and conversion of FFA to FAME was investigated. From this study, SrCO3 gave better yields of FAME while CaCO3 gave better conversion of FFA to FAME. The lowest yield of FAME was recorded at catalyst concentration of 0.25 %w/w while the highest yield of FAME was at 1.25 %w/w. The lowest conversion of FFA to FAME was at 0.25 %w/w and the highest conversion at catalyst concentration of 0.75 %w/w. For the molar ratio of methanol to oil, the minimum yield of FAME at 21: while the maximum yield of FAME was obtained at 3:1. The minimum conversion of FFA to FAME was recorded at 3:1 molar ratio methanol to oil. However, maximum conversion was recorded at 15:1 molar ratio methanol to oil. This study revealed that biodiesel was successfully reduced 52.3 % opacity level of smoke emission by diesel engine that operated with petroleum diesel.
The study of the effect of the concentration of propylene in the PPF to the liquid yield of the reaction
Authors: Jamalova S.A.
Published: May 2018

The results of the study of the effect of the concentration of propylene to propane-propylene fraction to a liquid yield of the reaction depending on the feed space velocity are presented.The results in the presence of a chromia-alumina catalyst in oxides of Ni, Co, Cr are examined.The optimal reaction conditions (Т-2800С, Voverall velocity 50-200 h-1), in which the liquid yield of the reaction was determined depending on the concentration of С3Н8 and С3Н6 in the raw feedstock, were set.
Novel phthalonitrile derivatives as potential compounds for extraction and complexation of metal cations
Authors: Baklouti Lassaad
Published: May 2018

The synthesis and the binding properties of novel phthalonitrile derivatives 1-3 towards metal cations have been described in this paper. The complexation and extraction of some transition and heavy metal cations have been followed by UV-visible spectrophotometry absorption in methanol. The conductivity studies have been used in order to confirm complex’s stoichiometries. The treatment of UV spectra by digital program showed the formation of ML (with ML2 in some cases) (M=metal, L=ligand) species. Beyond the discussion of the stability profiles of complexes particular attention is paid to the selectivity towards Cu2+ in the 1st sequence of transition metal cations and towards Hg2+ in the sequence of heavy metal cations.
LEUCINE : AN EFFICIENT AND GREEN AMINO ACID CATALYST FOR CONVERSION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES INTO GEM-DIHYDROPEROXIDES WITH H2O2
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Badalkhani Ommolbanin , Khosravi Kaveh , Abbasi Younes
Published: May 2018

Leucine amino acid, has been explored as an effective catalyst for conversion of ketones and aldehydes into corresponding gem-dihydroperoxides using 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile at room temperature. The reactions proceed smoothly within short periods of time to provide the respective gem-dihydroperoxides in excellent yields. Mild reaction conditions, low reaction times, high yields, low environmental impact, use of non-expensive, recyclable and green catalyst are the main merits of the present method.
Synthesis, crystal structure, NMR characterization, Thermal analysis and Spectroscopic Characteristics of [2,3-(CH3)2C6H3NH3]6P6O18.2H2O
Authors: FEZAI RAMZI , KHEDHIRI LAMIA , RZAIGUI MOHAMED
Published: May 2018

Single crystals of [2,3-(CH3)2C6H3NH3]6P6O18.2H2O were synthesized in aqueous solution. This compound crystalizes in the P 141">  Triclinic unit cell with the parameters a = 9.97 Å, b = 16.06 Å, c =18.62 Å, α = 93.03°,  b  = 89.75 °, g = 93.85°, and Z = 2. Its crystal structure, determined by X-ray diffraction, consists of inorganic layers parallel to the ac plane. The organic molecules are disposed parallel to the plane bc on either side of each inorganic layer on which are anchored by hydrogen bonds via their ammonium groups (N-H…O). Configuration of the asymmetric unit is characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and solid state NMR study of 31P.
Sol-Gel Synthesis, Magnetic and Optical Properties of Co2+:Nd3+::2:1 molar ratio doped in SiO2
Authors: Das Bidhu Bhusan , Rao Ruppa Govinda
Published: May 2018

Synthesis of Co2+:Nd3+::2:1 molar ratio doped SiO2 with Co2+ ions concentrations viz. 0.0004, 0.001,  0.002, 0.003, 0.004 moles in S1-S5, respectively are performed by sol-gel method. Observed values of the densities and the concentrations of the Co2+ ions in S1-S5 are found to be 2.26, 2.29, 2.37, 3.44, 2.49 g/cm3, and ~ 1020 ions/g, respectively. Powder XRD results show the formation of amorphous SiO2 phase in the samples. DTA-TGA/DTG traces in the range 27-700 ˚C show no characteristic event in the samples. The IR peak in the range 412-418 cm-1 is ascribed to the asymmetric mode of the octahedral [NdO6/2]3- units. The peak around 440 cm-1 in S1-S5 is due to the ν2-symmetric bending mode of the tetrahedral [SiO4/2]4- units. The weak IR peak ~ 670 cm-1 is due to the ν1-mode of the tetrahedral [CoO4/2]4- units. The calculated values of the magnetic susceptibility from the observed magnetic moments data at 300 K are found to be ~10-6  emu/gG in S1-S5 which show the weak paramagnetic nature of the materials.  The EMR lineshapes recorded at 6, 50, 77, and 300 K are very broad, isotropic and smeared out with only two detectable characteristic peaks. The giso-value ~ 2.3 is due to the doped Co2+(3d7) ions in tetrahedral coordinations, while the giso-value ~ 2.01 is due to the doped Nd3+(4f3) ions in distorted octahedral coordinations. The lineshapes only at 6 K are distinct, while at higher temperatures  these peaks are severely smeared out. The optical absorption broad band at ~750 nm (13262 cm-1) is assigned to 4I9/2 ® 4F7/2 + 4S3/2 transitions in optically active Nd3+(4f3) ions, and the  peak ~ 520 nm (19230 cm-1) is attributed to 4A2g ® 4T1g(P) transitions in Co2+ (S=3/2, 3d7) ions in tetrahedral coordinations.
Studies on structural elucidation of delphinium alkaloids by using LC-ESI-MS technique.
Authors: Dar Bilal Ahmad , Qurishi Mushtaq Ahmad , Kanth Aijaz Hussain
Published: May 2018

A rapid,sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-electron spray-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) method to identify the different diester-diterpenoid and monoester type alkaloids from delphinium cashmerianum Collected from Sopi Kargil. Chromatographic separation were achieved on c-18 coloumn and peaks determined by mass spectrometry in positive and negative modes.The validated method led to tentative identification of eight alkaloids on the basis of their retention times and fragmentation patterns. Results showed that the positive mode response was much higher than the negative ion mode .chromatographic conditions were optimized to obtain high resolution and short run time.
Phytochemical and Spectral Studies of Synthesis sulfur Nanoparticles using Sophora japonica Pods Extract
Authors: Awwad Akl M. , Salem Nidá M. , Abdeen Amany O.
Published: May 2018

This study aims to investigate the aqueous extract of Sophora japonica pods for the presence of various phytochemicals and to synthesize sulfur nanoparticles. The presence of various phytochemicals viz. polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins were investigated by standard biochemical methods.  A rapid, green and novel approach for synthesis sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) from sodium thiosulfate in the presence of Sophora japonica pods aqueous extract in one-pot reaction at ambient temperature. The resulting sulfur nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that sulfur nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in sphere shape, and with an average particle size 5-100 nm. The effect of plant pods extract concentration on particle size of sulfur nanoparticles shows that can significantly reduce the particle size without changing the shape. The results revealed that the aqueous extract of Sophora japonica pods act as capping, dispersing and stabilizing agent for sulfur nanoparticles. This method is a novel approach for production nanosized sulfur particles, which could be applied to prepare sulfur nanoparticles for application in antimicrobial activity, fertilizers, and plant protection.
Synthesis and spectral characterization of new azodyederived from benzimidazole and its complexation with selected transition metal ions.
Authors: Kadhim Khalid Jawad , Hatem Ban A.
Published: May 2018

The preparation and spectral characterization of new ligand containing benzimidazole as organic heterocyclic azo dye compound 2-[6-(benzimidazolyl)azo]-2,4-di chloro phenol (BIADClP) was prepared by coupling reaction benzimidazole diazonium chloride with 2,4-di chloro phenol in alkaline alcoholic solution. The structure of azo dye ligand has been characterize by spectral studies such as 1H-NMR ,mass spectrum ,FT-IR, UV-Visb. and element analysis. New six complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions were prepared and identification by several physiochemical techniques; such as C.H.N element, magnatic susceptibility, atomic absorption, molar conductivity, IR and electronic spectra. The used techniques showed the formation of all complexes 1:2 [M:L] complexes and suggested octahedral geometry with d2sp3 hybridization of Co(III) and sp3d2 with residule chelat complexes.The coordination number of the metal ion is found to be six with binding through the phenolate O, azo N3 and with the imidazole N3 atom.All complexes that non electrolyte and no conductive species excepted the Co(III)-complexes is 1:1 electrolyte
Removal of Carcinogenic Hexavalent Chromium by Reduction with Iron in Presence of Accelerator Non Toxic Organic Compounds (Chalcone)
Authors: Rahman Hanaa H. Abdel , Moustafa Amira H.E. , Mostafa Mohamed A. Z. , Wahed ElsaiedM. Abdel
Published: May 2018

The focus of this work is on Cr, which has two predominant oxidation states of the atmosphere: + ‏3, which is an essential nutrient in low doses, and +‏6, which is highly toxic and carcinogenic. We found that, the reduction of Cr6+ to Cr3+ was first order reaction and the rate controlling step is the diffusion of (Cr6+) from bulk to iron surface. Toxicity reduction method includes studding of 1-aryl-3-(1-phenylpyrazolo [3,4-b] quinoxalin-3-yl) -2-propenones derivatives or chalcone derivatives concentration, temperatures and rotation speeds effect, which exhibit a strong dependence and supported that the process is diffusion controlled. Thermodynamic parameter ΔG*, ΔH* and ΔS* are given. Mass transfer study of the process was correlated by the equation: Sh = 0.53Sc0.33Re0.38. The order of acceleration was confirmed by quantum calculations.
INVESTIGATION OF LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION OF NAPHTHENE-PARAFFINIC HYDROCARBONS OF BALAKHANY OIL
Authors: Abbasov V.M. , Afandiyeva L.M. , Aliyeva L.I. , Nuriyev L.H. , Salmanova Ch.Q. , Ahmadbayova S. F. , Seyidahmadova F.N.
Published: May 2018

Liquid-phase aerobic oxidation of naphthene-paraffinic hydrocarbons at 217-330о С of diesel fraction of Balakhany oils in the presence of the mixtures of Mn, Cr salts of natural petroleum acids (MeNPA) has been investigated. The catalytic oxidation process  is realized for 7 hours at temperature 135-1400C in a barbotage reactor. Samples were taken every hour and oxidized product was separated by composition in accordance with known methods. Mechanism of oxidation process of naphthene-paraffinic hydrocarbons has been studied by IR- spectroscopy. It has been found that, after 5 hours oxidation of naphthene-paraffinic hydrocarbons the yield of obtaining  synthetic petroleum acids rich 16,5%, the yield of oxysynthetic petroleum acids-18%. The changes of the optical density of a carbonyl and a hydroxyl groups depending on the time were studied. It was found that the oxidation reaction should be conducted within 6 hours, as D1713(C=O) and  D941(OH) after 6 hours decrease and it’s probably connected with beginning  decomposition process of the acids and oxyacids.
Synthesis, anti-inflammatory and molecular docking of some new 1,2,4-triazolobenzimidazol-3-yl acetone thiosemicarbazone cyclized derivatives as PLA-2 inhibitors
Authors: Abdelmoty Samia G.
Published: May 2018

The present work is carried out for the synthesis and evaluation of some new 1,3,4-thiadiazolines, 1,3-thiazolines and 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones linked to 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]benzimidazole as anti-inflammatory agents. Structure elucidation of these compounds was confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectrometry along with elemental microanalyses. All new compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity in comparison to indomethacin (INM) where some of them showed promising results comparable to INM at 4 hours interval. The most active anti-inflammatory compounds (4b, 8c and 9a) were examined on gastric mucosa and didn’t show any gastric ulcerogenic effect compared with the reference INM. Moreover, LD50 of compounds (4b and 9a) were determined in mice; they were found non toxic up to 400 mg Kg–1 (i.p.). Also, docking simulation of some compounds into PLA2 active sites was studied.
Physicochemical characterization of municipal wastewater slaughterhouse for the implementation of a suitable treatment (Maradi city -Niger Republic
Authors: Saidou Hassidou , Maifada Abass
Published: May 2018

The goal of this study is to determine physicochemical characteristics of the effluent of the municipal slaughter-house of the Maradi city and to recommend a suitable treatment allowing it’s recycling, thus reducing the harmful effect which undergoes the receiving environment. The experimental results obtained showed that average values of pH, temperature, turbidity and conductivity are respectively of 7.3, 26.6°C, 326 NTU and 4720 µs/cm. Average concentrations in phosphorus, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, calcium, calcium carbonate, magnesium, iron, fluor and organic matter, in milligram per liter, are: 0.73, 2.23, 1.7, 211.64, 148.33, 8.53, 42, 9.24, 0.15, 32.08 and 426.67, respectively.
APPLICATION OF MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION FOR REUSING TREATED WASTEWATER; AS A SOLUTION TO EASE IRAN’S WATER SHORTAGE PROBLEMS
Authors: Babaei Leila , Torabian A. , Aminzadeh B.
Published: May 2018

Water shortage is a big problem in the Middle East. This paper investigates the possibility of reusing municipal wastewater by membrane filtration for non-potable consumption. The wastewater used for tests in this study was secondary effluent discharged from the secondary sedimentation pond of Ekbatan wastewater treatment plant in Tehran. These tests on reusing wastewater involved four main processes. Results showed that the best process was that ozone injection before MF and UF with COD removal efficiency of approximately 78 percent. In this case, removal efficiency of turbidity and TSS were 100 percent; additionally, traces of total and fecal Coliforms were completely removed. In the membrane processes, removal efficiency of TKN was about 40 percent. The removal efficiency of TP in all processes was about 7 percent, while it increased to 14 percent in the hybrid treatment. It can be concluded that all of further purification processes failed to achieve total phosphorus (TP) standards and thus in order to eliminate TP and reach allowable level, further researches are needed.<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Color
STABILITY-INDICATING METHODS FOR THE DERTERMINATION OF GEMIFLOXACIN IN PRESENCE OF ITS ACID DEGRADATION PRODUCT(S)
Authors: Alamin Fatma , Abdel Moety Ezzat , Badawey Amr , Hefne Heba
Published: May 2018

Brilliant, valid and simple five UV spectrophotometric stability indicating techniques are adopted for the determination of Gemifloxacin (GEM) in presence of its acid degradation products over a concentration range of 2-12 μg mL-1. The first method is an application of the first derivative (1D) spectrophotometry, that allows the determination of GEM without interference of its acid degradation products at zero crossing wavelength (254.6 nm). The second method depends on the first-derivative of the ratio spectra spectrophotometry (1DD) for determination of GEM in presence of its acid degradation products at a maximum of 273.0 nm and a minimum of 284.0 nm, While the third dual wavelength method offers a superior stability indicating procedures for the determination of GEM in the zero order spectra at the wavelength pair of 271.8 nm and 325.0 nm. The fourth method is the ratio difference one, with the advantages of minimal data processing and wide range of application. It is applied for the analysis of intact drug in presence of its acid degradation products by measuring the difference in the peak amplitude at the ratio spectra at 355.0 nm and 270.0 nm. The last method is based on the quantification of GEM through the bivariate calibration at 255.0 nm and 277.0 nm by adopting simple mathematic algorithm that provides simplicity and rapidity.
Highly selective potentiometric determination of Fe(III) ions using Tris-(1,2-diiminocyclohexylmethyl-5-Cl-2-hydroxyl benzaldehyde) based membrane electrode
Authors: Fekri M. H. , Darvishpour Maryam , Chegeni M. , Dashti Khavidaki H
Published: May 2018

A novel ion-selective poly(vinyl chloride) membrane sensor for Fe(III) ions based on Tris-(1,2-diiminocyclohexylmethyl-5-Cl-2-hydroxyl benzaldehyde) are reported in this paper. The electrode exhibits a good potentiometric response for Fe(III), response time ≤ 20 s, over a wide concentration range 1.0 × 10-5 to 1.0 × 10-1 M with a slope 19.4 ± 0.5 mV/decade. The potentiometric response is independent on the pH of solution in the range of 1.5-5.0. The proposed electrode can be used for at least two months without any considerable divergence in potentials.It exhibits very good selectivity relative to a wide variety of alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. The electrode assembly was also used as indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Fe(III) with EDTA.
SYNTHESIS AND NMR SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL 2,3-POLYMETHYLENEPYRIDO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-4-ONES
Authors: Khodjaniyazov Hamid Utkirovich
Published: May 2018

We have synthesized of novel 2,3-polymethylenepyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones via condensation of the 2-aminonicotinic acid together with lactams in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. The structures of the newly synthesized pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines were confirmed by 1H and 13c NMR spectral data.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Alizarin Red-S by Fe-Co Nanoparticles Prepared By Chemical Co-precipitation Method
Authors: Nandre Chandrakant Vedu , Sawant C.P.
Published: May 2018

In the present study photocatalytic degradation of hazardous water soluble alizarin red dye by using Fe-Co nanoparticles  has been investigated. Fe-Co nanoparticles was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method and characterized by TEM, SEM, EDAX and XRD. The photocatalytic degradation have been studied with the help of variety of parameters such as catalytic dose, dye concentration, pH, contact time and most important chemical oxygen demand. It was observed that The photocatalytic degradation of alizarin red dye by using Fe-Co nanoparticles was an effective ,economic, ecofriendly and faster mode of removing dye from an aqueous solution. The optimum condition for the degradation of the dye was 50 mg/L,pH 8.0, catalyst dose 60 mg/L and contact time 60 minutes. The kinetic studies also have been studied.
Preparation of High Purity Boric Acid by Modified Peanut Shells
Authors: Wang Guosheng , Cai Jin , Li Lei , Song Jian
Published: May 2018

The modification of peanut shell by nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, and epichlorohydrin have been conducted accordingly, andapplication in the purification of high purity boric acid from industry productshave been carry out, the result indicated that modification by epichlorohydrin was more effective than by nitric acid and by sodium hydroxide in the purification which the iron ion, sulfate ion, and chloridion can be removed simultaneously from industry boric acid, the analytical result by IR, SEM, and XRD confirmed that there are amount of hydroxyl and carboxyl group and ether bound in the modified peanut shell as functional group for adsorption of various metals ion and anions.
EFFECT OF FUSARIUM NYGAMAI INFECTION ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FLOUR FROM TWO YAM VARIETIES
Authors: Majekodunmi Omodamiro Rachel , P.C Ojimelukwe , R Asiedu , H.A Etudaiye
Published: May 2018

Yams (Dioscorea spp) are among the oldest food crops. It is estimated that after six months of storage up to 56% of the crop is lost to rot.  In Nigeria, fresh yam tubers are used for production of Elubo (yam flour) for preparation of amala, as it is called among the Yoruba in Western Nigeria, and akwunaji in the east of the River Niger. Many researchershave emphasized the importance of microbial rotting in causing storage losses. This study evaluated the effect of yam rot on the nutritional values of Fusarium infected yam tubers.Tubers from two yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.)varieties-Nwopoko and TDr95/19177-were infected with Fusarium nygamai pure culture and stored for 12 weeks, after which the tubers were used to produce yam flour and were analyzed for their nutrient composition comprising: dry matter/ moisture content, ash, total sugar, starch, amylose, vitamin C, protein and tannins. Wholesome yams of the same varieties were also used to produce yam flour and equally evaluated for the same nutrients. Infection with Fusariumnygamai led to a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the nutrient composition of the infected yam flour compared with those ofwholesome samples. Vitamin C content reduced from 41.10 to 27.26 (mg/100g) in variety Nwopoko and 36.30 to 30.53 (mg/100g); in variety TDr95/19177. Corresponding values for protein content was from 5.05 to 4.60% and 4.93 to 4.62%; Ash Content from 1.32 to 1.30% and 1.36 to 1.24%; Total Sugar Content from 5.34 to 5.20% and 5.21 to 5.02%; Starch 78.71 to 77.61 and 89.28 to 81.53%; Amylose from 29.95 to 28.87% and 30.01 to 27.95%. However, an increase in the tannin content – (1.84 and 1.94 mg/g) as against (0.31 and 0.26 mg/g) in Nwopoko and TDr 95/19177 varieties respectively was observed. The increase in the tannin content implies an increase in the antinutrient composition. The tendency to produce Elubo used for preparation of amala with rotten yam (possibly Fusarium infected) should be discouraged.
Synthesis of ethylolammonium salts of diethylolamido phosphate surfactant based on the flaxseed oil and their corrosion inhibitor properties
Authors: Asadov Z.H. , Abbasov V.M. , Suleymanova S.S. , Rahimov R.A. , Abdullayev E.Sh.
Published: May 2018

Carbon steel as a relatively cheap material having very high mechanical characteristics is widely used in practically all fields. Regrettably, this alloy undergoes corrosion in practice under the action of such aggressive components as hydrochloric and hydrosulphuric acids, carbon dioxide and many others [1]. Hydrochloric acid is very effective for dissolving calcium carbonate scale inside the pipelines and finds a large application with this goal. There are several ways for decreasing the rate of metals corrosion. One of them is an introduction of inhibitors into acidic systems. The most preferable inhibitors for protection of metals against corrosion are of organic nature and contain such heteroatoms as nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulphur as well as aromatic rings and multiple bonds. Among various groups of inhibitors surface-active inhibitors are characterized by high levels of inhibition efficiency, cheapness, relative harmlessness and easiness of production. Inhibition was reported to be realized as a result of adsorption of the surfactant molecules, with an aid of their functional groups, to the metal surface [2–5].Presence of such heteroatoms as nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, because of their tendency to be adsorbed at the metal/media interface with formation of protective layer, is very important [6-8]. Inhibition of iron corrosion by surfactants may occur via two phenomena consisting in blocking and hydrophobing effects [9].As is known, inhibitors are considered to be optimal if they are based on relatively cheap and non-toxic initial components and contain the above-shown heteroatoms and fragments. From this standpoint vegetable oils are very convenient raw materials as they are restorable and ecologically clean [10-13]. In the present study weight loss measurements were performed to examine the H2S acid corrosion inhibition process of carbon steel by some surfactants synthesized on the basis of flaxseed oil and such ethanolamines as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA) for the range of concentrations below the critical micelle concentration. Similar surfactants were synthesized and studied as chemicals for removing thin petroleum films from water surface [14]. Meanwhile, the values of interfacial tension at the water-kerosene border in the presence of the synthesized surfactants have been determined and respective colloidal-chemical parameters have been computed.
Modelling and Analysis of Real Time Power System With Cascaded Multilevel STATCOM Using Fuzzy Controller
Authors: K SUNDARARAJU , R SENTHIL KUMAR
Published: May 2018

Electric Power is a major concern that has generated more importance in electrical utilities and consumers. To assure a reliable and quality power system, all the bus are expected to maintain steady acceptable voltage before and after being subjected to any disturbance. Among the FACTs devices a static synchronous compensator(STATCOM) is analyzed to provide a reliable and feasible solution. The STATCOM has been developed using cascaded multilevel converter.  A FUZZY based controller for Cascaded Multilevel STATCOM is developed which produces improved performance.This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of CMC based STATCOM  with fuzzy controller in real time power system concerning the problem of variable loading and losses. A real time substation with 20 bus are analyzed with power flow analysis with and without STATCOM. Without the connection of STATCOM, a observable changes in the system voltage, line flows and losses are in system behaviour. But this influences the quality of grid and hence the customers are affected badly, indicating the need of power flow analysis and location of STATCOM on the system to improve the voltage profile. It is demonstrated that the described model works to an excellent level in improving the substation performance.
Effective Utilization of quarry waste and industrial waste as partial replacement of fine aggregates in concrete to resist acid attack
Authors: M Priyanka , N Sakthieswaran
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study is to observe the concrete resistance towards acid attack. This is studied on M40 grade concrete, inwhich 5% by weight of binder is replaced with metakaolin and fine aggregate is replaced partially with the range of 5 to20% by marble sludge powder and green sand simultaneously. Four different mixes other than control mix is taken for thisstudy. The 100mm cubes are casted, cured and average compressive strength is compared with conventional concreteand those cured under two different acids. The two different acids taken for this study are Hydrochloric Acid and SulphuricAcid. The average percentage loss of weight and average compressive strength of cubes before and after two differentacids for all the mixes are investigated. From the experimental results, it is inferred that the control mix when cured underboth 1% concentrated HCl and H2SO4 solutions showed a high loss in weight comparing with modified concrete. Theincrease in marble powder and green sand upto 10% by weight of fine aggregate gives high reduction in loss of weight.The mix with 10% marble powder and green sand offered comparatively better solutions insisting the concrete modifiedwith the same can be recommended for making good and acid resisting concrete.
Azo-Substitute of EthoxyAcridine – A New Reagent for Extraction-Photometric Determination of Tellurium (IV)
Authors: Ismayilov N.I. , Pashajanov A.M. , Muradova G.R.
Published: May 2018

We studied associates of halogen telluride (Cl, Br) with 9-amine-4-ethoxyacridine-6-azo-N-N′-diethylaniline (AEADEA) by spectrophotometric method. It was established that associates are extracted well with chloroform-acetone (3:2). We determined the compositions, physical and chemical and analytical properties of complexes (εk, βKD, D, R%). Maximum light absorption for chloride complexes is found to be λmax 520 nm, but for bromide complexes - λmax 530 nm. For establishing the composition of azo- substitute ofethoxyacridine the synthesized reagents were exposed to elemental analysis, as well titanometrictitration by azo group. We developed new extraction-photometric determination methods of tellurium. Lambert-Beer law is observed in the range 0.5-15 mkgTe at 5 ml medium.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRİC STUDY OF THE COMPLEX FORMATİON OF COPPER (II) WİTH 1-PHENYL-2- [2-HYDROXY-3-SULFO-5-NİTROPHENYLAZO] 1,3-BUTADİONE İN THE PRESENCE OF CATİONİC SURFACTANTS.
Authors: Аyvazova А. V. , Aliyeva R. A. , Chiragov F. M. , Lahicova S. R.
Published: May 2018

Based on benzoylacetone synthesized 1-phenyl-2- [2-hydroxy-3-sulfo-5-nitrophenylazo] 1,3-butadione (PHSNPAB). Studied complex formation of copper (II) with 1-phenyl-2- [2-hydroxy-3-sulfo-5-nitrophenylazo] 1,3-butadione (PHSNPAB) in the presence and absence of the third component such as cetylpyridinium chloride (CPCl), cetylpyridinium bromide (CPBr) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMABr). Single ligand complexes are formed at pH = 3, λ = 444nm, and mixed ligand complexes at pH = 2 λ = 456, 454, and 461 nm, respectively (CPCl, and CPBr, CTMABr). İdentified the relations of the reacting components in homogeneous composition of Cu-R (1: 2) and mixed ligand Cu-R-CPCl (1: 2: 2), Cu-R-CPBr (1: 2: 2) and Cu-R-CTMABr (1 2: 1) complexes, which concentration interval subordinated to Beer's law. The influence of external ions and masking substances on complex formation was studied. Method for the photometric determination of copper in the rocks was established.
AN ENHANCED LID ROUTING SECURITY SCHEME FOR MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS
Authors: Musthafa Mohamed
Published: May 2018

In this work we present novel security architecture for MANETs that merges the clustering and the threshold key management techniques. The proposed distributed authentication architecture reacts with the frequently changing topology of the network and enhances the process of assigning the node's public key. In the proposed architecture, the overall network is divided into clusters where the cluster heads (CH) are connected by virtual networks and share the private key of the Central Authority (CA) using Lagrange interpolation. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture reaches to almost 95.5% of all nodes within an ad-hoc network that are able to communicate securely, 9 times faster than other architectures, to attain the same results. Moreover, the solution is fully decentralized to operate in a large-scale mobile network. We also proposing a special security routing architecture called Local Intrusion Detection (LID) to detect Black Hole Attack (BHA) over Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) MANET routing protocol. In LID security routing mechanism, the intrusion detection is performed locally using the previous node of the attacker node instead of performing the intrusion detection via the source node as in Source Intrusion Detection (SID) security routing mechanism. By performing LID security routing mechanism, the security mechanism overhead would be decreased.
AN EFFICIENT FUZZY NEURAL NETWORK TRAINING MODEL FOR SUPERVISED PATTERN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Authors: Devi Manjula , Prasad S.J. Suji , C Sagana
Published: May 2018

Among the existing NN architectures, Multilayer Feedforward Neural Network (MFNN) with single hidden layer architecture has been scrutinized thoroughly as best for solving nonlinear classification problem. The training time is consumed more for very huge training datasets in the MFNN training phase. In order to reduce the training time, a simple and fast training algorithm called Exponential Adaptive Skipping Training (EAST) Algorithm was presented that improves the training speed by significantly reducing the total number of training input samples consumed by MFNN for training at every single epoch. Although the training performance of EAST achieves faster, it still lacks in the accuracy rate due to high skipping factor. In order to improve the accuracy rate of the training algorithm, Hybrid system has been suggested in which the neural network is trained with the fuzzified data. In this paper, a z-Score Fuzzy Exponential Adaptive Skipping Training (z-FEAST) algorithm is proposed which is based on the fuzzification of EAST. The evaluation of the proposed z-FEAST algorithm is demonstrated effectively using the benchmark datasets - Iris, Waveform, Heart Disease and Breast Cancer for different learning rate. Simulation study proved that z-FEAST training algorithm improves the accuracy rate.
Growth and Characterization of Anthranilic acid Crystals
Authors: Dinagaran S. , Srinivasan P , Srinivasan P , Vijayakumar S , Vijayakumar S , Balaji J , Balaji J
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTSingle crystals of Anthranilic acid (AA) have been successfully grown and purity of materials has been increased by repeated recrystallization process. Single crystals have been grown by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystal was characterized by Single crystal X-Ray diffraction, Powder XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, DTA/TGA, Dielectric studies and SHG respectively. The observed results from various characterization show the suitability of NLO application. The second harmonic generation of the grown crystal was checked using Kurtz and Perry technique. Thermal stability and melting point of the grown crystal were found by thermal analysis. The Physical strength of the grown AA crystal was measured from Vicker’s hardness test.
Experimental investigation on surface characterization of chemical treated Natural fiber composite
Authors: Chandrasekeran Prasanna , C Ramesh
Published: May 2018

In this research work removal of lignin and hemicelluloses for untreated coir fiber reinforced composites was accomplished by suitable chemical treatment namely new method at optimum fiber loading such as 25% and 30%. To avoid the problem of untreated coir fiber, chemical treatment was done. Final treated fiber extraction process was gone through new method. It results in treated cellulose composite at 25% and 30% lignin and hemicelluloses was found to be decreased was revealed in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, it shows defibrillation, de-polymerization in treated composite was revealed in scanning electron microscopy analysis, and shows high oxygen content percentage than carbon content percentage about 22.06% which demonstrates removal of lignin in treated composite, was revealed in element detection analysis.. The main objective was accomplished by the removal of lignin and hemicelluloses of natural fiber through suitable chemical treatment and at optimum fiber loading
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Novel Indoline Derivatives
Authors: Manoharan Dhinesh kumar
Published: May 2018

Series of indoline derivatives were synthesized using N-(4-aminophenyl) indoline-1-carbothiamide as a precursor. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by   FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and LC-MS. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of synthesized indoline derivatives were examined by standard anti-denaturation assay. The compounds 4a (IC50 = 62.2 µg/ml) and 4b (IC50 = 60.7 µg/ml) showed potent inhibition on protein denaturation. The compounds 5a (IC50 = 97.8 µg/ml) exhibits moderate inhibition on protein denaturation
Effect of N-(6-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzamide and 2,6-diamino-benzothiazole as Corrosion Inhibitor in acid medium
Authors: S Rekha. , K Kannan. , S Gnanavel.
Published: May 2018

2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole(ANBT) was used as an inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in acid medium since the inhibition efficiency was low for that compound, 2,6-diaminobenzothiazole (DABT) and N-(6-aminobenzo [d] thiazol-2-y1) benzamide(ABTB) was synthesized,  and characterized by FT-IR, H1NMR, and C13NMR.The synthesized compound was tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1N HCl solution using weight loss, Potentiodynamic polarization, and AC impedance techniques. The inhibition efficiency was studied at the different time, temperature and acid concentration by weight loss method. The values of activation energy and free energy of adsorption of these compounds were also calculated, which reveals that the inhibitor was adsorbed on the mild steel by physisorption mechanism. Adsorption obeys Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms. The results obtained by weight loss method revealed that the compound performed as a better inhibitor for mild steel in 1N HCl. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that the inhibitor acts as a mixed type inhibitor.AC impedance studies revealed that the corrosion process was controlled by charge transfer process. Surface analysis was studied using SEM and FT-IR.
PERFORMANCE, EMISSION, NOISE AND VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOGAS –DIESEL DUAL FUEL COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE
Authors: Ravi M. , Kumar KCK Vijaya , Murugesan A.
Published: May 2018

For decades, four-stroke compression ignition engines prove to be indispensable in major sectors of transport, agriculture, etc., and it will be very difficult to completely replace these heavy-duty workhorses in upcoming days. However, the present situation of four-stroke compression ignition engines is miserable and the future of these engines highly relies on meeting the emission norms that are being imposed every year. In this regard, renewable liquid fuels are capable of solving the problem of energy supply in a decentralized fashion and these fuels can simultaneously help in achieving environmental sustainability. In order to find a feasible solution to these issues, an endeavor has been made in this work to investigate the engine performance, emission, noise and vibration characteristics of Compression Ignition (CI) engine fuelled with biogas as a secondary fuel and diesel as primary fuel. In this work, the secondary and primary fuels are used to power the kirloskar single cylinder four stroke naturally aspirated water cooled diesel engine. The secondary fuel (biogas) at various quantities was mixed with air and fed into the intake manifold of the engine. Also, the supply of biogas to the engine is precisely controlled by electronic flow control valve. The different flow rates of the biogas are allowed to flow inside the engine with the air intake ratio of 0.075gm/s,0.1gm/s,0.125gm/s,0.15gm/s and the analysis is done on each ratio. From the experimental results it was noted that at 0.125 gm/s, biogas operation significantly reduces noise and vibration. Overall, from the experimental results it is concluded that the usage of biogas in dual fuel mode produces comparable engine performance and reduces noise and vibrations.
Synthesis, Characterization and evaluation of new
Authors: Hussain Mahmoud
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT A new  polymer surfactant derived from cis-1,4-cyclohexane bis(methylamine) and ethylenediamintetraacetic acid [2,2'-(1,12-bis(4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,10-dioxo-2,5,8,11-tetraazadodecane-5,8-diyl) diacetic acid ] was synthesized and characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR. A series of electrochemical measurements, including corrosion potential and corrosion current has been made on the surfactant for  carbon steel samples in corrosive  environment. Results showed that the surfactant  can offer some degrees of protection in the corrosive environments. The corrosion study of this polymer outline that  it have  a good resistant to the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.1 M solution of HCl, which can be indicate to  uses as anti-corrosion materials
The Role of Inorganic Metal Salts in Wastewater Clarification
Authors: Ukiwe Lugard , Iwu I.C. , Okere M Chijioke
Published: May 2018

An investigation into the ability of four inorganic coagulants namely; alum (Al2(SO4)3.18H2O), ammonium aluminum sulphate (NH4Al(SO4)2.12H2O), ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) and ammonium ferrous sulphate (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.6H2O) in clarifying wastewater was examined. Results obtained from conventional standard ‘jar-test’ experiments indicated that alum was the most effective coagulant since it reduced turbidity of the wastewater to 0.64 NTU at a contact time of 300 min. Ferrous sulphate was the least effective coagulant, reducing turbidity of the wastewater to 3.45 NTU only at 240 min contact time, but when the contact time of the experiment was increased from 240 to 300 min, re-coloration of the solution was observed indicating re-stabilization of suspended particles. These findings tend to support the claim that alum is a choice coagulant for wastewater clarification.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Thermogravimetric studies on some Transition metal complexes with hydrazone ligands.
Authors: Sadek Hassan Ahmed
Published: May 2018

Complexes of Cu (II) and Ni (II) derived from 2-amino-N’-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide (ASH) , 2-amino-N’-benzylidenebenzohydrazide (ABH), N’-(3-phenylallylidene)-2-((3-phenylallylidene)amino)benzohydrazide (ACH), and N’-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-((4-methoxybenzylidene)amino)benzohydrazide (AAH) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental  and  thermal analysis(TGA),  IR, U.V-Visible, 1 H NMR (Ligands) spectral studies, magnetic susceptibility, atomic absorption and molar conductivity measurements, the ligand (ASH) act as tridentate with ONO donor sites, the bonding sites are carbonyl oxygen , azomethine nitrogen and phenolate oxygen, the other ligands act as bidentate with ON donor sites, the bonding sites are carbonyl oxygen, azomethine nitrogen, the metal complexes exhibit  different geometrical structures such as square pyramidal, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral. The Coats-Redfern equation has been used to calculate the thermodynamic parameters for different thermal decomposition steps of some complexes.
Extraction and characterization of Nanocellulose obtained from sugarcane bagasse as agro-waste
Authors: Ghazy Mohammed B , Esmail Farag A , El-Zawawy Waleed K , Al-Maadeed Mariam. A , Owda Medhat E
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to characterize nanocellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) by acid hydrolysis 60% (w/w) H2SO4 at 45 ◦C. The effect of hydrolysis time (20, 30 and 40 min) on the structure and properties of the nanofibers was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the hemicellulose and lignin were removed extensively in the cellulose whiskers. The morphology and dimensions of the fibers and acid-released cellulose nanowhisker (CNW) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that SCB could be used as source to obtain cellulose whiskers and they had needle-like structures. Longer hydrolysis time produced a lower yield of nanofibers; whereas the degree of crystallinity increased from 38.22% to 65.37% with increasing hydrolysis time due to removal of amorphous cellulose.
Synthesis of new optically pure isoxazolines via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides with allyl esters derived from eugenol
Authors: Lahouar Ghada , Bahy Amira , Touati Ridha , Ben hassine Bechir
Published: May 2018

1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of arylnitrile oxides with allyl ester prepared from eugenol afforded new chiral isoxazolines in good yields. The chemical structure of this compounds was characterized by 1H NMR,13C NMR, 2D NMR and TOF-MS analysis. All the cycloadducts were obtained through a regiospecific and stereospecific pathway and all cases, only one isomer was isolated, as established by unambiguous NMR analysis