bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth failure: ‘idiopathic’ only after a detailed diagnostic evaluation
Authors: Rapaport Robert , Wit Jan M , Savage Martin O
Published: February 2021

The terms ‘idiopathic short stature’ (ISS) and ‘small for gestational age’ (SGA) were first used in the 1970s and 1980s. ISS described non-syndromic short children with undefined aetiology who did not have growth hormone (GH) deficiency, chromosomal defects, chronic illness, dysmorphic features or low birth weight. Despite originating in the pre-molecular era, ISS is still used as a diagnostic label today. The term ‘SGA’ was adopted by paediatric endocrinologists to describe children born with low birth weight and/or length, some of whom may experience lack of catch-up growth and present with short stature. GH treatment was approved by the FDA for short children born SGA in 2001, and by the EMA in 2003, and for the treatment of ISS in the US, but not Europe, in 2003. These approvals strengthened the terms ‘SGA’ and ‘ISS’ as clinical entities. While clinical and hormonal diagnostic techniques remain important, it is the emergence of genetic investigations that have led to numerous molecular discoveries in both ISS and SGA subjects. The primary message of this article is that the labels ISS and SGA are not definitive diagnoses. We propose that the three disciplines of clinical evaluation, hormonal investigation and genetic sequencing should have equal status in the hierarchy of short stature assessments and should complement each other to identify the true pathogenesis in poorly growing patients.
Systems analysis of the “weights” of Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway establishes a predictor for best drug combination ratio
Authors: Guo Zongwei , Yin Fangkui , Wang Peiran , Song Ting , Zhang Zhichao
Published: February 2021

Background

Inhibitors of B‐cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) family proteins have shown hope as antitumor drugs. While the notion that it is efficient to coordinate, balance, and neutralize both arms of the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family has been validated in many cancer cells, the weights of the two arms contributing to apoptosis inhibition have not been explored. This study analyzed the best combination ratio for different Bcl‐2 selective inhibitors.

Methods

We used a previously established mathematical model to study the weights of Bcl‐2 (representing both Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL in this study) and myeloid cell leukemia‐1 (Mcl‐1). Correlation and single‐parameter sensitivity analysis were used to find the major molecular determinants for Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 dependency, as well as their weights. Biological experiments were used to verify the mathematical model.

Results

Bcl‐2 protein level and Mcl‐1 protein level, production, and degradation rates were the major molecular determinants for Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 dependency. The model gained agreement with the experimental assays for ABT‐737/A‐1210477 and ABT‐737/compound 5 combination effect in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231. Two sets of equations composed of Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 levels were obtained to predict the best combination ratio for Bcl‐2 inhibitors with Mcl‐1 inhibitors that stabilize and downregulate Mcl‐1, respectively.

Conclusions

The two sets of equations can be used as tools to bypass time‐consuming and laborious experimental screening to predict the best drug combination ratio for treatment.
Plantas utilizadas en medicina humana y veterinaria en el municipio de Triacastela, Lugo(NW España)
Authors: Romero Franco Rosa , Rodríguez Guitián Manuel A. , Resúa Ángela
Published: February 2021

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio etnobotánico centrado en el uso medicinal humano yveterinario en el municipio de Triacastela, Lugo (Galicia, NW España). En total se han recopilado 58 taxones de plantas vasculares y un hongo. La mayoría de las especies inventariadas se emplean exclusivamente en humanos, mientras que sólo el 5% son destinadas exclusivamente a animales. En ambos casos predominan las preparaciones de uso interno sobre las de uso externo. Las dolencias más frecuentemente tratadas están relacionadas con el aparato digestivo, el sistema respiratorio y para el tratamiento de golpes y contusiones. Como aportaciones más significativas en el ámbito geográfico en el que se encuentra el área de estudio, se han identificado 11 nuevos usos en terapéutica humana y tres en medicina veterinaria y se ha catalogado por primera vez el uso medicinal de Allium ursinum L. en la Península Ibérica.
Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (aroeira-do-sertão) recomendações silviculturais para técnicos e produtores rurais
Authors: Bautista Urzua Lisbeth Malawi , Souza Priscila Bezerra de , Scheidt Gessiel Newton
Published: February 2021

O Cerrado é um bioma considerado um “hotspot” de biodiversidade que possui 41,6% de sua cobertura vegetal substituída em decorrência de atividades antrópicas. Atualmente, tem crescido a demanda por produtos e serviços voltados à recuperação de áreas degradadas, em especial à produção de mudas de espécies florestais nativas. Com o intuito de conhecer e selecionar uma espécie que tenha alto potencial para ser usada na recuperação de áreas degradadas, objetivou-se fazer uma revisão bibliográfica da espécie Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, conhecida popularmente como aroeira-do-sertão. Com distribuição natural limitada à América do Sul, no Brasilocorre principalmente nas regiões norte, nordeste, sudeste e centro-oeste.
Un instrumento innovador para defragmentar a propiedade? A permuta entre múltiples participantes e a percepción dos gandeiros
Authors: Perez Rodríguez Nieves , Corbelle Rico Eduardo José , Ónega López Francisco José
Published: February 2021

Neste traballo explórase a viabilidade dun proceso de permuta de uso das parcelas entre múltiplesparticipantes como ferramenta para reducir a fragmentación do uso da terra e mellorar a estrutura parcelaria das explotacións. Trátase de identificar os criterios e variables máis relevantes a hora de realizar un proceso deste tipo, desde a perspectiva das explotacións de gando vacún, co obxectivo adicional de que o coñecemento xerado sirva de base para o deseño de ferramentas informáticas de apoio. A través da realización de entrevistas e a análise cualitativa dos resultados obtidos, quedou patente que a marxe de mellora da base territorial das explotacións existe e que a práctica da permuta non é totalmente allea ao sector. O traballo permitiu explorar cales serían as principais vantaxes e inconvenientes dun proceso destas características desde a perspectiva dos seus potenciais beneficiarios.
Cambio global e incendios forestales: Perspectivas en la Europa Meridional
Authors: Vélez Muñoz Ricardo
Published: February 2021

El riesgo de incendios, concentrado en los países del sur de Europa se ve incrementado por los cambios socioeconómicos de las últimas décadas: Despoblación de las áreas rurales, concentración de la población en las zonas urbanas, cambio en las prioridades de la política forestal. Las grandes inversiones en medios de extinción han producido resultados aceptables hasta ahora. Sin embargo los condicionantes ecológicos, económicos, demográficos y políticos hacen prever situaciones cada vez más difíciles, con grandes incendios más frecuentes. La ayuda multilateral entre países y el desarrollo de una política regional de prevención deben ser en el futuro inmediato los ejes de la cooperación internacional frente a un problema común.
L’écologie, une science confisquée? Conférence donnée à Florac, en Lozère, le 6 août 2018, en hommage à Claude Monnier (1916-2018)
Authors: Buson Christian
Published: February 2021

Après avoir présenté les effets de l’irruption de l’écologisme dans les préoccupations de la société, nous abordons une critique de l’écologie en tant que discipline scientifique. Nous relevons que nombre de postulats et d’hypothèses s’enchaînent sans être réellement vérifiés, au point que les certitudes sont minces et qu’une attitude plus circonspecte et précise s’appuyant sur des observations et mesures sur le terrain sont indispensables. Les erreurs au prétexte de l’écologie sont innombrables et exceptionnellement désignées comme telles. Les recommandations et contraintes qui en sont déduites reposent sur des approximations la plupart du temps fort discutables. Les travers de l’écologie politique sont également décelables dans les articles scientifiques. La nécessité d’une direction de recherche renouvelée et plus objective est abordée, de façon à ce que l’écologie basée sur les preuves se développe enfin, à l’écart des a priori et des convictions. Il est important que les décisions soient retenues en tenant compte des résultats acquis sur l’environnement réel«En relisant l’ouvrage, je suis surpris et peiné par le caractère modéré et courtois du ton. Je regrette de ne pas avoir su parler de quelques outrecuidantes escroqueries, fumisteries et fourberies intellectuelles de notre époque avec moins de retenue.» Romain Gary ; Pour Sganarelle, 1965.
A árbore da discordia. Efectos do eucalipto sobre os recursos hídricos, solos e biodiversidade en Galicia
Authors: Díaz-Fierros Viqueira Francisco
Published: February 2021

Realízase unha revisión dos traballos de investigación sobre a influencia das plantacións de eucaliptos en Galicia nos recursos hídricos, solos e biodiversidade. Conclúese que estes efectos poden ser importantes baixo determinadas circunstancias pero que existen diferentes tipos de manexo da masa forestal, así como de elección do sitio que permiten minimizar o seu impacto. É posible, en consecuencia e con determinadas limitacións, continuar coa expansión destas plantacións. A conflictividade social desta árbore non se verá atenuada soamente con estudos científicos, é necesario tamén promocionar a participación pública e promover actividades e debates nos que se teñan en conta os aspectos sociais e psicolóxicos da problemática.
O eucalipto: problema ou oportunidade?
Authors: Marey Pérez Manuel Fco.
Published: February 2021

As sociedades divididas non avanzan. O eucalipto ten sido o argumento para enfrentar a poboación entre partidarios e detractores. En palabras dun vello xestor forestal “do eucalipto sólo fala mal o que non o ten”. En palabras dun activista ambiental “hai que queimalos e arrincalos todos ata que non quede ningún”. Este traballo ten como único obxectivo superar ese enfrentamento. Para elo aporta datos sobre as dúas cuestións que o autor defendeu no debate. Primeira, o eucalipto non é nin foi nin será o responsable dos lumes que se producen en Galicia, utilizalo como tal non fai máis que erralo diagnóstico e polo tanto a solución para o máis grabe problema ambiental que temos en Galicia. A segunda cuestión amosa a importancia que o eucalipto ten na nosa economía e cales son as razóns da súa expansión, en certos casos caótica i excesiva. O traballo pretende amosar argumentos para avanzar de forma conxunta na proposta dunha planificación territorial e forestal realista na que se estableza cal debe ser o papel a desempeñar polas especies do xénero Eucalyptus no futuro en toda Galicia.
Efectos dos eucaliptos sobre os ecosistemas ibéricos. Unha revisión
Authors: González Prieto Serafín J.
Published: February 2021

Para fixar a posición e as peticións da Sociedade Galega de Historia Natural (SGHN) en relación coas plantacións de eucaliptos, realizouse unha revisión bibliográfica sobre a súa alelopatía e invasividade, así como sobre os seus efectos na auga, a biodiversidade, os incendios e os solos. A búsqueda fíxose nas publicacións científicas incluidas no “Journal Citation Reports” coas palabras chave “eucalyptus” e “eucalypte(s)”, sen límite temporal pero, agás excepcións, restrinxida ao ámbito da Península Ibérica. En base aos resultados obtidos, SGHN considera que Eucalyptus globulus, e polo criterio de precaución as restantes especies do xénero, deberían incluirse no catálogo español de especies invasoras. SGHN considera asimesmo que se deberían: a) prohibir novas plantacións de eucaliptos en toda Galicia; b) eliminar os eucaliptos en todos os terreos de propiedade pública; c) eliminar todas as plantacións de eucaliptos feitas sen axustarse á normativa legal vixente; d) incentivar a eliminación de todos os eucaliptos nos espazos naturais protexidos; e) planificar unha redución progresiva das plantacións de eucalipto para garantir a súa erradicación nun horizonte temporal realista.
Indicadores de gestión de la línea de atención al ciudadano, Campaña SIC
Authors: Daniel Woodcock Guerrero
Published: February 2021

En el siguiente trabajo, se da a conocer cómo se realizó y diseñó el aplicativo web: “indicadores de gestión de la línea de atención al ciudadano, campaña SIC”, el cual es el proyecto realizado durante la pasantía desempeñada en EMTELCO S. A. Para esto, inicialmente se identificó las situaciones susceptibles a mejorar en la empresa, en las cuales un ingeniero electrónico puede intervenir cómo factor de cambio para solucionar los inconvenientes presentados. Al realizar el análisis de las diferentes situaciones susceptibles a mejorar, se evidenció la problemática que se presentaba en la campaña SIC al dar a conocer los indicadores de gestión del estado de la línea. Se presenta el aplicativo web como solución a la problemática, el cual permite un conocimiento oportuno, confiable y automático de los indicadores de gestión de la campaña SIC, al cual pueden acceder todos los agentes desde su puesto de trabajo sin necesidad que el supervisor interrumpa sus actividades para poder genéralos. El diseño del aplicativo se realizó dando un adecuado uso a las diferentes tecnologías de la información, recursos tecnológicos y herramientas que la empresa posee, evitando costos adicionales durante la elaboración y entrada en operación del aplicativo.
Ponencia - Yenny Paola Argüello Gutiérrez - Medellín, Colombia - 2015
Authors: Yenny Paola Argüello Gutiérrez
Published: February 2021

Informe de movilidad académica.UNIVERSIDAD DE ANTIOQUIA – EXPOMOTRICIDAD 2015
Ponencia - Edna Luz Mogollón Montoya - Santiago, Chile - 2016
Authors: Edna Luz Mogollón Montoya
Published: February 2021

Informe de movilidad académica. PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE CHILE.
Formato de presentación de proyecto. Una aplicación de estimación de áreas pequeñas utilizando imputación múltiple con modelos logísticos de tres parámetros en pruebas estandarizadas
Authors: Cristian Fernando Tellez Piñerez , Andrés Gutiérrez Rojas
Published: February 2021

La generación de estadísticas de alta calidad y bajo costo es una necesidad para los tomadores de decisiones hoy en día, en educación estos datos son necesarios para decidir acerca de la creación de políticas, la continuidad de programas existentes y la asignación de recursos año a año. Se propone una metodología para la estimación del rendimiento de los establecimientos educativos en Colombia a partir de la observación de una muestra de ellos y de información auxiliar pertinente. La propuesta combina la construcción de un modelo de Fay Herriot basado en las metodologías de estimación en áreas pequeñas con la estimación múltiple del desempeño de cada estudiante vía valores plausibles. Al final, se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de la metodología propuesta para los establecimientos de Colombia
Segunda fase proyecto sobre el diseño de procesos de logística inversa para el aprovechamiento de envases de Tetra Pak obtenidos en jardines infantiles de Ciudad Bolívar, UPZ 66 de Bogotá
Authors: Lucy Andrea Cely Torres
Published: February 2021

Identificar proceso de transformación y aprovechamiento de residuos generados en la Industria del Tetra Pack y las posibles ventajas competitivas que pueden derivarse de la implementación de procesos de logística inversa. El método a utilizar para la obtención de resultados será exploratorio de observación no participante para la consecución de información primaria, mientras que la información proveniente de fuentes secundarias se obtienen principalmente de consultas en documentación institucional e informes de agremiaciones del sector por medio de las cuales se hizo una descripción de los diferentes modelos implementados, permitiendo concluir que a pesar de ser una industria caracterizada por requerir insumos y materias primas de difícil aprovechamiento residual, ha ido avanzando en la toma de conciencia sobre los impactos ambientales generados, a tal punto que algunas de las principales empresas han adoptado diferentes modelos basados en la perspectiva de la logística inversa obteniendo importantes beneficios.
Gut microbiota changes in inflammatory bowel diseases and ankylosing spondilytis
Authors: Cardoneanu Anca , Mihai Catalina , Rezus Elena , Burlui Alexandra , Popa Iolanda , Cijevschi Prelipcean Cristina
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims: Both inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) can be considered chronic immune disorders sharing common etiopathogenetic mechanisms. Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, which can lead to an abnormal mucosal response, could be the missing link between these two diseases. Our study evaluate the composition of intestinal microbiota and to characterize gut dysbiosis in patients with IBD and AS.

Methods: We conducted a prospective case-control study that enrolled 124 patients [20 Crohn’s disease (CD), 27 ulcerative colitis (UC), 28 AS, 17 IBD + AS and 32 controls). Intestinal microbiota analysis was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in stool samples.

Results: The total quantity of bacteria was decreased in all investigated groups compared to the control group. In studied groups, we noticed an increased percentage of Bacteroides and Escherichia coli (E.coli) and a decreased percentage of Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium leptum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii compared to the control group. The percentages of Bifidobacterium (p=0.010) as well as Lactobacillus group (p=0.023) were higher in the L3 form of CD patients. In the E2 form of UC, the quantity of Bacteroides was much higher compared to the E3 form (p=0.004). In AS patients, significant correlations were observed only for the Bifidobacterium species, significantly increased in the axial form compared to peripheral disease (p=0.035). Statistically significant correlations were demonstrated between the Crohn Disease Activity Index score and the total bacterial group (p=0.023, r=-0.507), respectively Bacteroides (p=0.021, r=-0.511) and between the Mayo score and Lactobacillus (p=0.001), respectively E. coli (p=0.001). In IBD + AS group, the Crohn Disease Activity Index score was inversely correlated with the total bacterial group (p=0.010) and directly correlated with Lactobacillus (p=0.047).

Conclusions: Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with both IBD and AS. In the association of IBD with AS, dysbiosis is intermediate, but it is associated with the more severe articular disease. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (commonly used as probiotics!) were found to be increased in the association between active IBD and active AS. Further studies are needed to understand how dysbiosis regulates the gut immune system and contributes to intestinal and articular inflammation.
Adipopenia Is the Rapid Screening Tool that Best Predicts Mortality in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis: Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: De Luca Massimo , Addario Luigi , Lombardi Anna , Imparato Michele , Fontanella Luca , Addario Marco , Picascia Desiree , Di Costanzo Giovan Giuseppe , Ascione Antonio
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims: Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) often have malnutrition (MN), which can be associated with decompensation, infection, and death. The aims were to determine: the prevalence of MN in patients with LC and ascites, its impact on mortality, and the relationship between MN and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).

Methods: Nutritional status (NS) was analysed in cirrhotic patients, experiencing their first episode of ascites, who were consecutively admitted at two clinical liver centres between November 2014 and October 2016. The participants underwent diagnostic paracentesis and were followed up to assess their outcomes.

Results: 110 participants underwent NS assessment in addition to routine clinical procedures. The prevalence of MN was 30.9% according to corrected body mass index, 67.3% according to upper mid-arm muscle area (UMA) and 40% according to upper mid-arm fat area (UFA). The percentages of the participants remaining alive were 68.1% at 3 months, 59.3% at 6 months, 45.1% at 12 months and 24.2% at the end of the study. Univariate analysis showed that SBP, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), UFA, UMA and age were significantly associated with mortality. Multivariate analysis showed that only SBP, MELD and UFA (hazard ratio 2.2) were independently associated with mortality. There was a correlation between adipopenia, but not sarcopenia, and SBP.

Conclusions: Adipopenia, as assessed by UFA, was present in 40% of the cirrhotic patients, and it was independently associated with mortality.
Possibility of the transformation of reciprocal exchange into manifestations of corruptive behaviour
Authors:   Ternopil National Economic University, Ivashuk Yurii
Published: February 2021

Despite all “non-market” nature of reciprocal interactions, it would be excessive to deny the invisible calculation of network transfers, that is, the accountability of the given and the received. In this paper, by combining the historical and the logical, the author establishes that there is a rather fine line between the reciprocal exchange and the types of corruptive behavior. The common components relate to the quality of the basis and the background, which indicates the nature and origin of corruptive practices. The exceptional and unique is manifested in different forms of manifestation of the general. The relations of trust, whose meaning is revealed based on the presented tree of the game, act as the general. The forms of manifestation of corruptive behavior have been distinguished by the method of classification. It has been noted that a reliable "safeguard" of opportunistic behavior in reciprocal exchange is a system of strict social standards. If market agreements are ensured by formal sanctions or informal forcible methods, violation of unwritten rules of conduct in the economy of gift exchange is punishable by deprivation of trust, which means excluding the entity that has not lived up to expectations from the network of reciprocal interactions. It has been noted that transaction costs under the conditions of reciprocity are quite low, because the exchange relations are personalized, and the importance of the gift is determined by its subjective value to those to whom the gift is offered. It has been established that on the one hand, the exchange of gifts and incentives within reasonable limits can be a socially acceptable component of successful business relations. However, on the other hand, if a person is authorized to perform state functions, a gift may be offered to him/her for the purpose of bribery and/or incitement to abuse of power. Since the top-down fight against corruption, as a rule, does not affect those stable and dominant stereotypes of public consciousness, standards and values that have been nurtured for decades and even hundreds of years. Thus, when developing policies to minimize corruption, it is recommended to use the methodology and results of research in the field of behavioral economics, which determines the promising areas for research on this issue.
Theoretical fundamentals of spatial justice
Authors:   State Institution ", Nebrat Viktoriia ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine"
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to generalize the theoretical foundations and directions of the development of spatial justice. The importance and urgency of the issue is due to the strengthening of spatial inequality of economic development and social inequality in the conditions of market transformation of Ukraine's economy and decentralization of management. The author uses normative and positive approaches to reveal the theoretically desirable and real state of realization of equal opportunities for access to economic resources and public goods. The hermeneutics method is used to clarify the direction of theoretical research and the meaning of produced scientific provisions; the anthropocentric method – to justify the priority of economic interests over fiscal ones and social interests – over economic ones; and a synthesis of historical and logical methods – for a comprehensive presentation of the process of expanding the subject field of the research on spatial justice and the generation of new knowledge. The study has revealed that the theory of spatial justice is interdisciplinary. Theoretical approaches to the interpretation of spatial justice by generalizing the main directions of research within different branches of scientific knowledge, which include social philosophy, economic geography, political economy, and finance theory. The conceptual interrelation and correlation of the categories "social inequality", "social justice", and "spatial justice/injustice" is revealed and the logic of the consideration of spatial justice in land use based on those principal categories is substantiated. Based on the interdisciplinary approach, the limitations of the interpretation of inequality as a function of social hierarchy have been overcome and the role of the territorial dimension in the formation and reproduction of spatial injustice has been revealed.
MANAGEMENT OF INDIRECT COSTS – MATHEMATICAL METHODS FOR COST ALLOCATION
Authors: Deevski Stoyan
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this paper is to look into the challenges of management of indirect costs in business organizations and to propose solutions to those problems. The paper starts with an introduction to the importance of understanding the concept of overhead costs and why it is often crucial for the management of the business organizations to classify, analyze and manage them. Particular problems to the allocation of indirect costs arise when supporting departments provide mutual services to each other. In these situation the management has two options – to ignore the mutual provision of services and account for the overheads as if there were no such services or to use simple cost allocation methods. This approach might not lead to reliable information required for taking sound management decision. With the advancement of technologies, the problem of obtaining timely and reliable information about the cost structure of cost objects (products, services, departments, etc.) could be resolved in an effective and efficient way using a third option. Namely, the utilization of mathematical methods for indirect cost allocation. The author performed a survey among managers of business organizations exploring whether they would use this approach and the results turned out to be positive.
Application of hyperspectral imaging to detect toxigenic Fusarium infection on cornmeal
Authors: Parrag V. , Gillay Z. , Kovács Z. , Zitek A. , Böhm K. , Hinterstoisser B. , Krska R. , Sulyok M. , Felföldi J. , Firtha F. , Baranyai L.
Published: February 2021

One of the most important food safety issues is the detection of mycotoxins, the ubiquitous, natural contaminants in cereals. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a new method in food science, it can be used to predict non-destructively the changes in composition and distribution of compounds. That is why, in the last decade, the potential of HSI has been evaluated in many fields of food science, including mycotoxin research.

The aim of the recent study was to test the feasibility of HSI for the differentiation according to the toxin content of cornmeal samples inoculated with Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium culmorum and samples with natural levels of mycotoxins. Samples were measured in the near infrared wavelength range of 900–1,700 nm and mean spectra of selected regions of interest of each image were pre-treated using Savitzky-Golay smoothing and standard normal variate (SNV) method. On the spectra, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was carried out according to the level of contamination. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) method was used to predict deoxynivalenol (DON) content of samples and the cumulative toxin content: the sum of fumonisins (FB1, FB2) and DON content of samples. Based on the promising results of the study, HSI has the potential to be used as a preliminary testing method for mycotoxin content in feed materials.
Shane Greene. 2016. Punk and Revolution: Seven More Interpretations of Peruvian Reality.
Authors: Gale Emily Margot
Published: February 2021

Shane Greene. 2016. Punk and Revolution: Seven More Interpretations of Peruvian Reality. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 235 pp. ISBN 978-0-8223-6274-6 (pbk).
Rhyming Techniques and Identity in Korean Hip Hop
Authors: Park Jinny
Published: February 2021

This article examines the development of Korean rhyming techniques by musically analysing phonetic and grammatical structure in Korean rap. Due to major differences between Korean and English, Korean MCs had to redefine what constitutes “rhyme” in Korean rap, and the conflicting definitions of what it means to rhyme in Korean reflect diverse identities in the Korean hip hop community. Through my musical analyses, I present five types of Korean rhyming techniques: flexible word order, artificial stress accents or artificial pitch accents, rhythmic motives, multisyllabic internal rhymes and translingual rhymes. I close the article by suggesting that there is an inevitable hybridity in Korean hip hop and socioeconomic class struggles that persists in Korea.
Korean Hip Hoppers’ Identity Negotiation in Non-performative Spoken Discourse
Authors: Im Jae-hyun
Published: February 2021

Using membership categorization analysis, this article examines how Korean hip hoppers draw on social categories to discursively construct their identities, focusing on three cases of media representation: an idol rapper’s identity negotiation, rappers’ characterization of the aggressive aspects of rap battles, and the dual identity of a rapper who is also a teacher. Specifically, the article analyses the identity negotiation of Korean idol and hip hop musician Zico, focusing on his distinction between idols as performers who care about external features and rappers as artists who possess an independent will to move forward; the discursive characterization of rap battles on the part of Korean hip hoppers, who describe the aggressive verbal features of rap as a sport regulated by rules that players follow in order to be acknowledged as legitimate members of the community; and finally, a teacher-rapper’s rap audition, focusing on how she negotiates her dual identities in order to recontextualize the audition into a pedagogical discourse marked by categorical characteristics of a teacher-student interaction.
Study of Feminism and Womanism in Korean Hip Hop Songs by Female Rappers
Authors: Kim Iljung
Published: February 2021

Originating in the South Bronx in the 1970s, hip hop started as a subculture that represented the less privileged urban black youth, becoming the perfect platform to signify their resistance. Prominent womanist scholars have wrestled with misogyny in hip hop music, suggesting that female hip hop artists perceive feminism and womanism at street-level, standing up for themselves and, at the same time, sympathizing with black men fighting against the larger society. Hip hop began in Korea also as a youth-driven subculture in the mid-1990s, successfully establishing its ground as the voice of the younger generation and addressing social and political issues. This article examines feminism in Korean hip hop focusing on works by notable female artists. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, popular female rappers, such as Yoonmirae and Diva, openly produced songs about feminist issues. This is less common today as hip hop has received significant recognition in the mainstream K-pop music. Gender inequality has become a hot potato in the giant K-pop industry, and the mainstream hip hop scene discourages artists from engaging in such controversial topics. Still, female artists employ womanist approaches to indirectly address these social issues. Moreover, young rappers continue to utilize the platform to express their own voices, and there are independent artists, led by Sleeq, who openly advocate feminism through their music.
Myoung-Sun Song. 2019. Hanguk Hip Hop, Global Rap in South Korea.
Authors: Oh Hyun Joo Sandy
Published: February 2021

Myoung-Sun Song. 2019. Hanguk Hip Hop, Global Rap in South Korea. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. ix + 198 pp. ISBN 978-3-030-15696-1 (hbk)
Is an Artificial Teacher Possible?
Authors: Ekaterina Alekseeva
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the urgent problem – the prospect of partial or complete substitution of teachers for artificial intelligence. With the progress of technologies related to the artificial intelligent systems development the reality of such substitution is estimated as increasing one. At the same time, even the potential substitution of human teachers for artificial intelligence and robotics raises zillion of questions which should be considered from different points of view: cognitive, social, technological, etc. The philosophical perspective provides a reflective integration of these points of view. The most prominent contemporary projects of using artificial intelligence in education have been revealed in the article. The types of intelligent systems used in education are systematized. It is shown that all of them have a different degree of anthropology. Primarily cognitive aspects of the problem of artificial intelligence in education have been considered in the article. The connection of ideas about the possibility of teachers’ substitution for the artificial systems with various approaches to understanding the key principles of education and training is investigated. At the same time, there is a socially critical approach showing that the substitution of teachers for the artificial intellectual systems is a component of cognitive capitalism. The author of the article proposes to reformulate the problem and consider the use of artificial intelligence in education not as a substitutional but as a supplementing technology. This means that artificial systems assume certain functions working in symbiosis with a human teacher and partly playing the role of a tutor. Using the actor-network theory and the ontology of assemblages, referring to the cyberand xenofeminist interpretation of the concept of "cyborg" the author shows that the teacher together with the artificial intelligence can form a human-machine system. In this case artificial intelligence shows emancipation potential but not alienating one.
Ontological Machinery of the Artistic Process: the Becoming-Technical and Art
Authors: Yana Tcyrlina
Published: February 2021

This article pursues dual purpose. On the one hand, the author analyzes the general and the most important in the technical being since only therewith it is possible to conceptualize the sphere of technical objects and to determine the place of technics with respect to the art. So the article is devoted to new ontological opportunity of the technics’ entity perception by its connection with art. This relationship we consider in the context of “technological revolution” in the art. Moreover, it has been tried to be revealed possible mechanisms of technics emancipation with the help of the art and to be shown that technology can emancipate the art using both artistic techniques and inartistic technological processes. On the other hand, the aim of our article is to provide with a presentation of some onto technological key ideas, along with some conceptual approaches (for example, Levis Brуant’s onto-cartography) which we can distinguish by their further connection with the modern art. Conception of ontology in the terms of technics by all means has become the urgent task for philosophy, and one of the ways to solve this task is to investigate the relationship between ontology and technics. The author of the article argues that the confrontation between nature and technology is an illusion. We tried to complete this argument combining the ontology of nature and of technology in one concept – the concept of machine. Recently most works of art have become technological objects revealing the problem of “technical” art. In the article it is proposed the analysis of some modern works of art and is demonstrated that “the nature” and technics cannot be no more opposed and differentiated since one gives birth to another. Moreover, it is existed only techno-nature and its production (in the difference of repetition and creation) is the final question of techno-art.
Flerstemmighet i veiledningssamtaler?
Authors: Olsen Rigmor
Published: February 2021

FoU-veiledning er en veiledningssituasjon i norsk grunnskolelærerutdanning (GLU) som er viet liten oppmerksomhet i forskning. Formålet med studien er å få innsikt i samhandlingen der studenter, praksislærer og universitetslærer deltar i triadisk FoU-veiledning. Det er økende behov for triadisk samhandling i norsk lærerutdanning, og FoU-veiledning har potensial til å imøtekomme dette. Veiledningssamtaler analyseres for å gi svar på hva som preger samhandlingen mellom studenter, praksislærer og universitetslærer i FoU-veiledningen sett i lys av Bakhtins perspektiver på flerstemmighet. Analysen er inspirert av konstant komparativ metode, og viser at sterke lærerutdannerstemmer, begrenset mangfold og et uklart triadisk «vi» preger samhandlingen. Jeg problematiserer om triadisk veiledning faktisk fungerer som en flerstemmig møteplass for utvikling av ny kunnskap.
Comment on “Sraffa and the Labour Theory of Value: a note” - Reply to William Jefferies
Authors: ARAUJO FABIO ANDERAOS DE
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT This is a reply to the criticisms raised by William Jefferies (Jefferies, 2020) to my article “Sraffa and the Labour Theory of Value: a note” (Araujo, 2019). In Jefferies (2020) the author has given great emphasis to the question of physical commensurability between input and output in Sraffa’s price model.
Sediment control strategies for sustainable water intake
Authors: Ezz-Aldeen Mohammad , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Abd-Albaki Yousra , Knutsson Sven , Laue Jan
Published: February 2021

The negative effect of sediment on hydraulic structures makes sustainability one of the most important things to consider in designing and operating of such structures. Intakes and pumping stations need a suitable strategy for that purpose. A proposed strategy of pumping rate control is evaluated in this study. Also, sub-watershed sediment control and the use of earth dykes are also examined. A suitable control code of the SSIIM2 model was prepared to simulate the flow and sediment of a pumping station at Mosul dam reservoir as a case study, which suffers from sedimentation problems. The results indicate that the maximum pumping rate increased the amount of sediment withdrawn by about 16% compared to a reference value at 25% pumping capacity, and the variation in the amount deposited in front of the intake was ±3%. The seasonal flow of the sub-watershed has a significant effect on the reservoir's sediment concentration, but it is limited to the rainfall period and the zone of flow near the sub-watershed outlets. The most effective strategy was a dyke with a suitable pumping rate. Siting the dyke correctly helps to reduce sediment deposition in front of and inside the structure by about 47 and 42%, respectively.
Large leakage incident in a Norwegian concrete faced rockfill dam due to ice build up
Authors: Wood Robin Peter Harold , Carr Trine Indergård , Gordijn Tiemen Johannes
Published: February 2021

Aursjø dam is a concrete faced rockfill dam (CFRD) in central Norway built between 1950 and 1958 and owned by Statkraft. The dam was originally constructed with an upstream face consisting of wooden planks, which acted as the impermeable element of the dam. The dam underwent a large rehabilitation between 2005 and 2006, when the wooden planks were replaced with a reinforced-concrete slab. In 2017 a large leakage event occurred at the dam and at its peak was estimated to be up to 600 l/s. This paper covers the incident itself including the emergency response, the investigation into the cause of the high leakage, the potential effect on dam safety, and finally the recommended measures implemented at the dam. During the detailed investigation the cause of the leakage was identified as the release of water after an ice dam within the dam body burst. Ice build-up and subsequent rapid release of water is not an unusual occurrence at rockfill dams in Norway and there are examples where the same phenomena has occurred at other dams.
Centrifuge modelling on monotonic and cyclic lateral behaviour of monopiles in kaolin clay
Authors: Kong Deqiong , Zhu Jingshan , Long Yiwen , Zhu Bin , Yang Qingjie , Gao Yufeng , Chen Yunmin
Published: February 2021

This paper details a programme of centrifuge tests (100g) on the monotonic and cyclic lateral behaviour of large-diameter semi-rigid monopiles in kaolin clay. Piles of different diameters were used, with a maximum prototype value of 5·9 m. The pile–soil interaction was investigated in terms of the overall load–displacement behaviour, distribution of bending moment and pile deflection, p–y curves and excess pore pressure response. For monotonic loading, procedures were developed to fit the monotonic p–y curves obtained from different pile and soil properties using a hyperbolic tangent model. In addition, an explicit model was derived to assess the development of excess pore pressure within the surficial soil, which was found to approach the vertical effective soil stress at large displacement. For cyclic loading, the accumulation of lateral pile displacement could be accompanied by either increase or decrease in soil resistance, which strongly depends on the loading rate. Strong correlation between the development of peak soil resistance and a dimensionless velocity group was obtained, and was supported by the measured excess pore pressure. Under undrained conditions, the peak soil resistance decreases almost linearly with the accumulation of excess pore pressure.
‘Rope effect’ mechanism of self-tapping screws as reinforcement on dowel-type connections
Authors: Zhang Cong , Jung Kiho , Harris Richard , Chang Wen-Shao
Published: February 2021

The ‘rope effect’ is a positive effect caused by the failure of fasteners of dowel-type connections. A similar mechanism can be found in connections with screw reinforcement. For self-tapping screws used as reinforcement for connections, bending of the self-tapping screws tends to close developed cracks. Utilising the withdrawal resistance provided by the threads on the pointed end of the screw and the pull-through resistance from the screw head, screw reinforcement enhances the embedment strength and splitting resistance of the wood and increases the ductility of the connection. The influence of different thread lengths and locations on reinforcement effectiveness regarding the embedment strength of the timber was investigated in this study. For cases with threads located only on the pointed end, the splitting resistance increased with longer thread length, indicating that the rope effect was progressively enhanced. It was also found that screws with halved thread length demonstrated similar reinforcement effectiveness to fully threaded screws while the partial threads reduced the risk of damaging the screw during installation. A calculation method to predict the load-carrying capacity of screw-reinforced dowel-type connections was also formulated.
Out-of-plane behaviour of masonry wall structures strengthened with steel-bar truss system
Authors: Hwang Seung-Hyeon , Kim Sanghee , Yang Keun-Hyeok
Published: February 2021

An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of external prestressed truss steel-bar units installed on an unreinforced masonry (URM) wall under out-of-plane loadings. The key components of this new retrofitting method are prestressed vertical and diagonal bars. The prestressed vertical bars induce a prestressing force onto the horizontal section of the URM wall and the diagonal bars resist lateral loadings. Reverse cyclic tests were conducted on a full-scale URM wall as a control specimen and URM walls retrofitted in-plane and/or out-of-plane (parallel to short intersecting walls). The test results showed that the specimen strengthened using the new technique was superior to the control specimen in terms of seismic performance, including lateral load resistance, stiffness, energy dissipation and restrained slip of the entire specimen. Two units installed on short intersecting walls exhibited the same shear strength as four units installed on the in-plane and in-plane retrofitted masonry walls. The out-of-plane masonry specimen demonstrated the best performance. It was confirmed that aligning the retrofitting method based on the loading direction was effective, despite the lower axial load level.
Shaking table test and investigation of rocking effect in a high-rise isolated structure
Authors: Xu Hao , He Wenfu , Liu Wenguang , Ye Kun , Ren Chong
Published: February 2021

Laminated rubber bearings have a large compression stiffness and small tension stiffness and isolation layers show rocking deformation under bending moments. The application of isolation technology is limited in high-rise structures due to the unequal compression and tension stiffnesses. The rocking effect of a high-rise isolated structure was investigated in this work. To do this, a dynamic model of a high-rise isolated structure considering non-linear tension behaviour of the isolator and the stiffness centre offset was established. The limit criterion of the rocking angle and the corresponding input peak ground acceleration of the tension limit, damage limit and collapse limit were determined. A shaking table test of the isolated model was conducted and the aspect ratio was found to have a great influence on the structural rocking response. The response of the large aspect ratio (LAR) model was larger than that of a model with a small aspect ratio. The bearings in the LAR model were more likely to be tensioned. The test results and numerical simulations were close, confirming the accuracy of the proposed dynamic model and the limit criteria. Subsequently, dynamic analysis of frame–shear wall structures was conducted and the influence of aspect ratio and earthquake level was investigated. The proposed theories can be applied for direct predictions of rocking response and the performance state of isolators.
Evaluation of rocking motion on the seismic performance of a linked column frame system
Authors: Maroofi Elham , Mansoori Mohammad Reza , Moghadam Abdolreza S. , Aziminejad Armin
Published: February 2021

A linked column frame (LCF) is a seismic-load-resisting system with ductile behaviour. In this system, the link beam, operating as a shear fuse, reduces or eliminates damage to other components of the structure under various hazard levels. In this study, by combining rocking motion and changes in the linked column pattern, an innovative seismic-resisting system was developed. The aim was to improve the performance of the LCF system by reducing damage to the flexural beams and columns and to concentrate damage in the link beams. For this purpose, a three-storey model based on the SAC building was designed based on storey drift demands. The model was evaluated by incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) according to Fema P-695 instructions using OpenSees. Results of changes in the linked column pattern from the IDA indicated a 20% increase in the structural capacity of the LCF model. Compared with the model without rocking motion, the model with rocking motion resulted in reduced structural capacity, shear and horizontal acceleration of the storey, and maximum drift. This novel LCF seismic system provides self-centring and damage control by using features such as rocking motion.