bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los orígenes olvidados de la democracia participativa en Brasil
Authors: Gugliano Alfredo Alejandro
Published: February 2025

La democracia participativa en Brasil se asocia a menudo con el conocido ejemplo del presupuesto participativo de Porto Alegre, un referente a nivel internacional, especialmente en América Latina. Sin embargo, ejemplos anteriores y menos conocidos de participación ciudadana también desempeñaron un papel crucial en la configuración de esta propuesta, influenciando la trayectoria de esa proposición en diversos países. Este artículo analiza una de estas iniciativas en la ciudad de Pelotas, situada en el extremo sur de Brasil. A través de un análisis cualitativo, el estudio destaca la importancia de esta experiencia en el establecimiento de políticas participativas en la región.
El fenómeno de la captura y el proceso de (des)democratización
Authors: Rojas Flores Georgina
Published: February 2025

Este texto expone la discusión teórica en torno al proceso de desdemocratización y el fenómeno de captura que viven algunos países, sobre todo, en América Latina, lo cual, los lleva a acercarse más a vivir un autoritarismo como régimen político. No se afirma que la región ya no cuente con democracia, sino que, enfrenta retos para conservarla y consolidarla. Se analiza las conceptualizaciones de la democracia y sus elementos, así como también de la noción de democratización y lo que implica. De igual manera, se presenta al fenómeno de captura que llega a contribuir para la conformación de un proceso de desdemocratización. Así, este artículo busca aportar herramientas teóricas que permitan el debate al respecto de lo que sucede con las democracias latinoamericanas.
Global methane emissions from natural gas networks
Authors: Le Ravalec Mickaële , Hureau Geoffroy , Lecarpentier Armelle , Serbutoviez Sylvain , kaniewicz jean , madden mike , brooks chris , robertson aileen , langston chris , Harrison colin
Published: February 2025

Given the significant global warming power and short atmospheric lifetime of methane, one of the most effective mitigation strategies for limiting global warming over the short term is to target the anthropogenic sources of methane and rapidly reduce their emissions. Tracking gas network input and output data shows that more natural gas enters the transmission and distribution networks than leaves: this difference is called unaccounted-for gas. The aim of this article is to investigate the possibility of leaks along natural gas transmission and distribution networks and to quantify them. These leaks amount to methane emissions since natural gas is mainly composed of methane. And methane has a greater warming power than CO2. First, various data monitored along networks are collected and used to assess the unaccounted-for gas per country. We showed that the average unaccounted-for gas per country was 1.7% in 2021, but with significant disparities between regions, ranging from 0.01% to 15%. Second, the obtained unaccounted-for gas values can be used as a proxy to approximate the quantities of methane released into the atmosphere by natural gas networks. We calculated that a total of 18 million tons (Mt) of methane were emitted in 2021. The main producing countries present high unaccounted-for gas volumes and methane emissions, which can be explained by the aging of their gas networks. Conversely, networks in more recent markets or advanced countries have fewer leaks, leading to more moderate methane emissions. This shows than methane emissions can be reduced in well-maintained networks. The accounting method developed in this article would make it possible to verify the emissions reductions announced for gas networks in the future if repeated over time.
Qualidade de vida e adesão ao tratamento farmacológico de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS em um serviço de saúde em Manaus/AM
Authors: Neves Ana Rafaella Guimarães , Julião Raícia Caroline de Souza , Campese Marcelo , Souza Tatiane Pereira de
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Avaliar o tratamento farmacológico de pacientes com HIV/Aids em Manaus-AM, focando na adesão à TARV e na qualidade de vida. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo e longitudinal. Foram elegíveis participantes sem distinção de sexo, maiores de 18 anos, residentes em Manaus, diagnosticados com HIV/AIDS, em uso de terapia antirretroviral, cadastrados no Fase de intervenção farmacêutica SICLOM das Farmácias, vinculados e acompanhados pela equipe multiprofissional. Foram convidados a participar do estudo 167 PVHA (10% do total de PVHA cadastrados no SICLOM e vinculados àquele serviço). Resultados: Utilizando questionários e testes específicos, os pesquisadores encontraram que fatores sociais e estruturais influenciam a qualidade de vida. Dos 167 participantes, 67,1% tiveram média adesão à terapia. Aqueles com carga viral indetectável apresentaram boa contagem de linfócitos TCD4+ e usaram um esquema de tratamento específico. A adesão à TARV está associada a melhor controle viral e melhor qualidade de vida. Conclusão: O estudo conclui que, apesar da baixa adesão observada, a qualidade de vida e os resultados laboratoriais podem ser influenciados positivamente por uma adesão adequada ao tratamento. Ressalta-se a importância de pesquisas adicionais para atualizar o tema, considerando mudanças culturais e psicossociais.
Epidemiologia da doença de Chagas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul: distribuição dos casos agudos e mortalidade no período 2001-2022
Authors: Leon Italo Ferreira de , Voigt André Luis Bartz , Bohm Bianca Conrad , Berne Natália Pinheiro , Bottari Nathieli Bianchin , Barrios Leda Margarita Castaño , Berne Maria Elisabeth Aires
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Realizar levantamento epidemiológico acerca dos casos de doença de Chagas (DC) aguda e mortalidade na população do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) no período de 2001-2022. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal baseado em dados secundários dispostos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação para casos agudos (SINAN), e para pesquisa dos dados relativos à mortalidade por DC, as informações foram retiradas do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Os dados foram tabulados e a análise estatística executada no programa Microsoft Excel. Resultados: Foram registrados 165 casos agudos distribuídos em 52 municípios do estado, onde 50,9% dos casos foram no sexo masculino, tendo como faixa etária 20-59 anos. No que tange aos óbitos, 710 mortes foram registradas em 159 municípios. Conclusão: DC segue presente no estado e estudos recentes demonstram a necessidade de criação de programas de testagem efetivos e de divulgação de informações acerca da moléstia no âmbito estadual, visando mitigar a possibilidade de transmissão e infecção por Trypanosoma cruzi, bem como a cronificação da doença.
Benefícios e toxicidade dos fitoterápicos utilizados para tratamento do diabetes mellitus
Authors: Costa Thamiris Emanuelly Monteiro de Lima , Pereira Daniel Tarciso Martins
Published: February 2025

Introdução: Identificar, sistematizar e descrever as evidências relacionadas à toxicidade de fitoterápicos utilizados no tratamento do diabetes mellitus. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de caráter descritivo e exploratório, realizada nas bases de dados científicas: Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), ScienceDirect e PubMed, por meio dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): toxicidade, fitoterápico e diabetes, realizando combinações com os termos com o uso do operador booleano “AND”; em inglês e português, no período de 2019 a 2024. Utilizou-se como questão norteadora: “Existem evidências que comprovem a toxicidade dos fitoterápicos utilizados no tratamento do diabetes mellitus”. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 14 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, nos quais a toxicidade dos fitoterápicos desempenhou um papel central no tratamento do diabetes e em suas possíveis complicações. Considerações finais: O uso de fitoterápicos tem-se mostrado potencialmente benéfico no tratamento do diabetes. Entretanto, são muitos os desafios em toda a cadeia de produção de fitoterápicos, desde a falta de uniformidade na qualidade até a carência de estudos clínicos robustos e evidências científicas que comprovem sua eficácia e segurança no tratamento do diabetes.
From ambiguity to accuracy: A review of Alzheimer’s disease diagnostic errors and the need for non-invasive biomarkers
Authors: Rapaka Deepthi , Saniotis Arthur , Mohammadi Kazhaleh , Galassi Francesco M. , Kumar Paramasivan O. , Bitra Veera R.
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible form of dementia that is characterized by loss of memory and motor abilities, as well as psychiatric abnormalities. Accurate and early diagnosis of AD is crucial for both delaying the onset of the disease’s symptoms and prescribing a management plan. However, as many medical practitioners attest, precise diagnosis of AD is complex and difficult. Previously, AD diagnosis was based exclusively on clinical criteria; however, recent AD diagnosis guidelines consider the presence of biological markers. The current medicine is improving in novel non-invasive biomarker detection, neuroimaging techniques, and acquiring new knowledge of molecular pathways of AD. This review will provide a critical overview of AD diagnostic errors, current challenges, need for non-invasive biomarkers as well as how improvements in biomarkers and neuroimaging techniques can assist in early detection of AD.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of infant Oral Health Among Pediatricians in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors:   Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad., Zalan Abul Khair , Awan Urooj Bahadur , Khan Marium Nisar , Khan Mahmoona Hayat , Munir Sidra , Anjum Naveed , Gul Anika
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess pediatricians' knowledge, attitude and practice of infant oral health.

METHODOLOGY: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. Questionnaires were sent through Google Forms to pediatricians all over Pakistan. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (independent sample T-test). RESULTS: A total of 74 pediatricians out of 92 submitted their responses. These included 35 (47.3%) males and 39 (52.7%) females. Most of the participants (n = 59, 79.7%) had up to 10 years of medical practice experience, with 66.2% (n = 49) working in government hospitals. A generally positive attitude was observed with 89.2% (n = 66) of participants acknowledging their role in the prevention of dental caries. However, the majority (n = 41, 55.4%) did not examine patients for caries in their routine practice. The mean evidence-based knowledge score of the participants was 4.79 + 2.13 (maximum score 9) and the practice-based knowledge score was 1.21 + 1.21 (maximum score 3). Pediatricians who had received training in oral health were found to have a greater knowledge score, as compared to their counterparts without any training (p = 0.002).

CONCLUSION: The overall knowledge and practice of pediatricians regarding infant oral health was lacking. However, the knowledge of pediatricians with any previous training was significantly greater than their counterparts without training, thereby suggesting the need for incorporating oral health promotion training in pediatric curricula.

KEYWORDS: Infant oral health, Early childhood caries, pediatricians, oral health promotion, caries assessment
Mieszkalnictwo w Polsce w latach 2010–2018
Authors: Malesa Karolina
Published: February 2025

Artykuł porusza tematykę stanu mieszkalnictwa w Polsce w latach 2010–2018. Celem artykułu jest omówienie warunków mieszkaniowych w Polsce. Temat opisano głównie na podstawie analizy danych GUS dotyczących rynku lokali mieszkalnych w latach 2010–2018. Struktura artykułu jest następująca: po krótkim wprowadzeniu, w pierwszej części tekstu, w sposób syntetyczny, przedstawiono wielkość zasobów mieszkaniowych w Polsce. W drugiej części artykułu przeanalizowano podstawowe warunki mieszkaniowe na wojewódzkich rynkach lokali mieszkalnych w Polsce (przeciętna powierzchnia użytkowa mieszkania, przeciętna powierzchnia mieszkania przypadająca na 1 osobę, przeciętna liczba izb w mieszkaniu, przeciętna liczba osób przypadająca na 1 mieszkanie i na 1 izbę). W części trzeciej omówiono obrót na rynku lokali mieszkalnych. Czwarta część poświęcona jest roli kredytu hipotecznego w finansowaniu zakupu nieruchomości. Syntetyczna konstatacja wieńczy niniejszy tekst.
How THC Works: Structural Insights Explaining Ligand Affinity for, and Partial Agonism of, Cannabinoid Receptor 1
Authors: Shahbazi-Raz Farsheed , Meister Daniel , Mohammadzadeh Azam , Trant John
Published: February 2025

CB1, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor class, is the putative protein target of THC, the psychoactive component of cannabis. To better identify new synthetic cannabinoids with increased activity, all cannabinoids with reported experimental binding to the CB1 receptor were modelled in silico to build a predictive model for CB1 affinity of small molecules. Computationally derived affinity is not sufficient in and of itself to predict binding, but coupled with the experimental evidence that ligands enter the receptor from the membrane rather than solvent, we provide a model that accurately describes the binding of these molecules by incorporating a correction factor for relative hydrophobicity. In addition, we propose a mechanism of action for partial CB1 agonists based on molecular dynamics simulations of THC homologues, modelling long time scale structural changes in the CB1 receptor. Together, the affinity model, and the mechanism of agonism/antagonism can allow for the computational prediction of both the effective behaviour and potency of novel cannabinoids, and several such predictions are made.
A method to identify small molecule/protein pairs susceptible to protein ubiquitination by the CRBN E3 ligase
Authors: Cai Pinwen , Disraeli Chiara , Sauter Basilius , Zhanybekova Saule , Gillingham Dennis
Published: February 2025

Although using DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) to find small molecule binders of target proteins is well-established, identifying molecules with functions beyond binding remains challenging in pooled screens. Here, we develop an approach for multiplexing functional screens that simultaneously evaluates encoded small molecules and encoded collections of protein targets in functional selections. We focus on ubiquitin (Ub) transfer with the cereblon-bound CRL4 E3 ligase because of its proven versatility in drug discovery. The functional selections recover small molecule/G-hairpin loop pairs based on their ability to promote Ub-transfer onto the G-hairpin loop. As Ub-transfer is the first step in tagging proteins for proteasomal destruction, finding small molecules capable of selectively reprogramming it is a significant challenge in contemporary drug development. Our work lays the foundation for functional DEL selections that match small molecule Ub-transfer catalysts with their optimal protein substrates.
Cryogenic milling of consumer plastics for high-throughput characterization of polydisperse, amorphous microplastics
Authors: Maslen Charlie , Chattopadhyay Purnesh , Kühne Marie Theres , McConnell Gail , Simmchen Juliane
Published: February 2025

Microplastics - defined as tiny polymer fragments less than 5 mm in size - pose a clear threat to a wide range of small organisms through ingestion, leading to starvation. In addition, there are many reports of their occurrence both in remote geographical areas and in the human body. Small and made of mostly inert materials, they pose a significant analytical challenge. While primary microplastics i.e., those manufactured intentionally, have defined characteristics, secondary microplastics resulting from the degradation of larger plastic debris are much less understood. Cryogenic milling has emerged as one of the best ways to generate realistic samples with potential for use as references in studies. Here, we use this technique to generate and study the shapes and properties of a wide range of consumer plastics, providing an overview of optical and analytical properties.
Structure-guided design of ISOX-DUAL-based Degraders targeting BRD4 and CBP/EP300. A case of Degrader collapse
Authors: Edmonds Anthony , Balourdas Dimitrios-Ilias , Marsh Graham , Felix Robert , Basher Bradley , Cooper Jeff , Grabl-Feesl Cari , Kollareddy Madhu , Malik Karim , Stewart Helen , Chevassut Timothy , Lineham Ella , Morley Simon , Fedorov Oleg , Bennett James , Rajasekaran Mohan , Ojeda Samuel , Harrison Drew , Ott Christopher , Joerger Andreas , Maple Hannah , Spencer John
Published: February 2025

Degraders with dual activity against BRD4 and CBP/EP300 were designed. A structure-guided design approach was taken to assess and test potential exit vectors on the dual BRD4 and CBP/EP300 inhibitor, ISOX-DUAL. Candidate Degrader panels revealed that VHL-recruiting moieties could mediate dose-responsive ubiquitination of BRD4. A panel of CRBN-recruiting thalidomide-based Degraders were unable to induce ubiquitination or degradation of target proteins. High-resolution protein co-crystal structures revealed an unexpected interaction between the thalidomide moiety and Trp81 on the first bromodomain of BRD4. The inability to form a ternary complex provides a potential rationale for the lack of Degrader activity with these compounds, some of which have remarkable affinities close to those of (+)-JQ1, as low as 65 nM in a biochemical assay, vs 1.5 M for their POI ligand, ISOX-DUAL. Such a “Degrader collapse” may represent an under-reported mechanism by which some putative Degrader molecules are inactive with respect to target protein degradation.
Nanomotors: 20 years anniversary and future roadmap
Authors: Chen Shuqin , Fan Donglei , Fischer Peer , Ghosh Ambarish , Göpfrich Kerstin , Golestanian Ramin , Hess Henry , Ma Xing , Nelson Bradley , Patiño Tania , Tang Jinyao , Villa Katherine , Wang Wei , Zhang Li , Sen Ayusman , Sánchez Samuel
Published: February 2025

Since their discovery in 2004, there has been remarkable progress in research on nanomotors starting with the elucidation of different propulsion mechanisms to the study of their collective behavior, culminating in investigations into their applications in biomedicine and environmental remediation. This perspective reviews this evolution in nanomotors research and discusses the key challenges ahead, including the development of advanced characterization techniques, precise motion control, materials innovation, theory and modelling, and in vivo applications. These challenges not only highlight the current limitations of synthetic nanomotors but also point to exciting future opportunities to revolutionize theranostics, and the creation of ‘living’ hybrid systems. Thus, this perspective aims to inspire future generations of researchers in advancing both fundamental understanding and practical breakthroughs, thereby engineering a paradigm shift in nanomotors research.
Diagnosis of growing teratoma syndrome: A review
Authors: Nechushkina Innesa V. , Susuleva Natalja A. , Boychenko Elena I. , Nechushkina Valentina M. , Kerimov Polad A. , Ryabov Andrey B.
Published: February 2025

In recent years a lot of attention has been paid to the research of the clinical course and timely diagnosis of the growing teratoma syndrome. Late diagnosis makes surgery (which is the main treatment for the patients) impossible. The literature review presents the main diagnostic criteria of the syndrome. Differential diagnosis includes peritoneal gliomatosis and malignant germ cell tumors. A comprehensive evaluation is of great importance for the correct diagnosis and timely treatment.
CHALLENGES AND INNOVATIONS IN ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEM INTEGRATION: A REVIEW
Authors: Ohalete Nzubechukwu Chukwudum , Aderibigbe Adebayo Olusegun , Ani Emmanuel Chigozie , Ohenhen Peter Efosa , Obinna Donald
Published: February 2025

The integration of electrical and mechanical systems, a cornerstone of modern engineering, has seen significant advancements and faced numerous challenges in recent years. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress in the field of electro-mechanical system integration, focusing on the efficiency outcomes and sustainability practices. The study explored the fundamental challenges in integrating mechanical and electrical components, such as compatibility issues, complexity in design, and the need for advanced control systems. The review then delves into the innovative solutions and technologies that have emerged to address these challenges, including advancements in materials science, miniaturization, and smart control algorithms. A significant portion of the research is dedicated to discussing the efficiency outcomes of these integrated systems. This includes an analysis of energy efficiency improvements, performance optimization, and the impact on overall system reliability. Furthermore, the review highlights the role of sustainability in electro-mechanical system design, emphasizing the adoption of eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient processes, and the lifecycle assessment of these systems. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion on future trends and potential research directions in the field of electro-mechanical system integration, underscoring the need for continued innovation to meet the evolving demands of technology and sustainability.
Funciones y usos de las áreas verdes en terremotos, inundaciones y pandemias en la Ciudad de México
Authors: Larrucea Garritz Amaya , Jiménez Rosas Eric Orlando , Meza Aguilar María del Carmen
Published: February 2025

La Ciudad de México es vulnerable a terremotos, inundaciones y a pandemias. Las áreas verdes han sido utilizadas durante estos fenómenos, sin embargo, los beneficios que otorgan en términos de la reducción de la vulnerabilidad es poco reconocida. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar y describir los usos que han tenido los espacios verdes públicos en la Ciudad de México ante estas emergencias a través de una investigación hemerográfica. Los usos localizados fueron categorizados para reconocer las funciones de las áreas verdes que favorecen a la mitigación de desastres. Se presentan y discuten los resultados de los beneficios directos sobre la atención de la emergencia natural e indirectos sobre el bienestar social, haciendo evidente la necesidad de incorporar estos espacios en los planes de gestión de desastres y en los programas arquitectónico paisajísticos para reducir la vulnerabilidad.
Los comunes urbanos desde una perspectiva geográfica
Authors: Santos Otávio
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir con la discusión sobre los "comunes urbanos" en Geografía, buscando aportar elementos que permitan pensar el "común" como concepto de Geografía Urbana. La metodología utilizada fue el levantamiento y el análisis bibliográfico. Se intentó favorecer las obras de referencia para el tema. En la primera parte, se intentó presentar brevemente las principales aproximaciones a lo común. Luego, en las siguientes partes, el objetivo fue presentar la idea de los comunes urbanos, construyendo una noción propia a partir de ideas y conceptos ya discutidos en otros momentos. Al final, se concluye que elevar el término común a la categoría de concepto de la Geografía urbana es de suma urgencia, sobre todo si se considera la tendencia más general del activismo socioespacial contemporáneo, que ha utilizado prácticas de apropiación de espacios y construcción comunal y autogestionaria.
Patrimônio-territorial, relevo e resistência indígena na América Portuguesa
Authors: Maluly Vinicius Sodré
Published: February 2025

Sob a perspectiva do patrimônio-territorial, pode-se discutir a importância do relevo e de outras formas do terreno à resistência promovida por povos indígenas no decorrer do tempo. Neste artigo, buscamos considerar o relevo sob diferentes entendimentos de patrimônio e a sua aplicabilidade ao contexto da América Portuguesa. Para isso, partimos da inseparabilidade da geografia e da história para, em seguida, expor as contribuições da geomorfologia ao debate. A questão do patrimônio-territorial é apresentada para distinguir a acepção teórico-metodológica assumida. Em seguida, busca-se, no relevo, temporalizar a resistência de determinados povos indígenas em face a invasões promovidas por luso-brasileiros. Procura-se, finalmente, provocar o debate e materializá-lo nas “gargantas” dos sertões, elemento concreto do patrimônio-territorial brasileiro, com base em análise de dois mapas do passado que evidenciam essas feições do território.
Pluriversalidade do ser e concepção de espaço na cosmopercepção quilombola
Authors: Neres Manoel Barbosa
Published: February 2025

O presente texto tem sua origem na pesquisa de doutorado “A pluriversalidade do ser a partir do pensamento de Mogobe Ramose e sua ressonância em uma comunidade quilombola do Brasil”. Esta referida comunidade quilombola é o Quilombo Mesquita, em Cidade Ocidental, GO. Baseando-se em pesquisas bibliográficas, discurso testemunhal e experiência de vida, a reflexão visa responder ao questionamento: como se manifesta a pluriversalidade do ser em Mogobe Ramose e como se dá sua ressonância na cosmopercepção quilombola no que diz respeito a espaço? A partir disso, a discussão desenvolve-se em torno da compreensão de uma realidade cósmica amplamente conectada que, por sua vez, explicita-se nas relações plurais, dimensões ancestrais e realidade dinâmica do ser (contínuo movimento). Pluriversalmente falando, espaço neste presente texto, tem nuances territoriais, memoriais, habitacionais, construções coletivas, espaços ecológicos e místicos. Compõe-se também de representações simbólicas, construções identitárias, lugar de fala, ambiente de luta e comprometimento.
Del monumento al paisaje. Revisión desde la Teoría de la Conservación para descentrar conceptos y prácticas
Authors: Riba-Hernández Lucia
Published: February 2025

Este texto surge a partir de las reflexiones, de peso autocrítico, relativas a las prácticas de la conservación del paisaje y el patrimonio, particularmente situadas desde el lugar geopolítico latinoamericano. Desde esta mirada se propone analizar las persistencias teórico-conceptuales, que desafían la forma en que se produce y se inventa el paisaje como objeto patrimonial. Particularmente, es tensionada la condición colonial de este proceso, a partir de una revisión documental trazada a través de los referentes que aún ocupan las ideas centrales respecto a la llamada Teoría de la Conservación. Se identifican como desafíos, para que esta crítica pueda replicar en el descentramiento de estos referentes, la importancia de sobrepasar, la idea de paisaje estructurado desde la dicotomía cultura-naturaleza, la pretendida homogeneidad e inmutabilidad como preceptos de lo titulado como patrimonial, y el peso aún significativo asignado a la noción de belleza escénica.
Entrevista e homenagem a Maria Adélia Aparecida de Souza. Debatendo a Geografia brasileira
Authors: Costa Everaldo Batista , Queiroz Pedro Thomé
Published: February 2025

Esta entrevista integra o vol. 8, núm. 15 de PatryTer - Revista Latinoamericana y Caribenha de Geografia e Humanidades, o qual homenageia a Maria Adélia Aparecida de Souza, professora Titular do Departamento de Geografia da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) e que se dedica há mais de sessenta anos à Geografia brasileira. Assim, ao apresentar esta entrevista, seguimos com um dos projetos ou objetivos que acompanham a nossa revista, que inclui homenagear as principais personagens da Geografia e de outras ciências sociais da e para a América Latina.
Měření brzdných drah dopravních automobilů a požárních přívěsných vozíků
Authors:   University of Žilina, Salaba Josef , Jánošík Ladislav ,   University of Žilina, Jánošíková Ivana ,   University of Žilina
Published: February 2025

The paper follows on previous research by the authors’ team focused on a study of the driving characteristics of a transport vehicle (hereinafter referred to as DA) and a fire trailer. The current study briefly summarizes the results of measurements of selected driving characteristics of two tested DA combinations on Ford Transit chassis, year of production 2007 and 2020, with fire designation DA-L1Z. DAs were tested driving with three combinations of fire trailers, as well as without a trailer. During the testing, trailer trucks on chassis made by companies VEZEKO Ltd., Velké Meziříčí, Agados Ltd., Velké Meziříčí and JB Trailers Ltd., Černošice were used. All trucks had a total weight of up to 3.5 tonnes. The driving dynamics testing was focused on a crisis braking in a straight direction and on driving in a circle at a speed approaching the safe limit for a vehicle rollover. These two tasks belong to basic driving skills that a fire truck driver must be able to safely manage in a critical situation on the road.
Technológia 3D tlače ako nástroj na zlepšenie vzdelávania v oblasti civilnej ochrany
Authors:   University of Žilina, Kubás Jozef , Buday Ivan ,   University of Žilina, Ballay Michal ,   University of Žilina, Tobór-Osadnik Katarzyna ,   University of Žilina, Diemientiew Grzegorz ,   University of Žilina
Published: February 2025

Using 3D printing in education brings new opportunities for all ages and specific areas. This technology allows people to not only visualize but also physically create objects, which improves understanding of complex topics and promotes hands-on learning. For residents, 3D printing provides innovative ways to educate themselves while developing creative and technical skills. By combining theory with practice, 3D printing improves people's ability to understand and apply acquired knowledge in practical outcomes. This article focuses on the use of 3D printing as a tool for educating residents in the field of civil protection, exploring its potential in popularising science, technology and innovation. It analyses how 3D printing can streamline the learning process, facilitate the understanding of complex topics and promote the development of practical skills in different security fields. The article includes the results of a survey that focused on people's attitudes towards using 3D printing in education. The survey indicated that the majority of respondents viewed 3D printing positively and saw it as an innovative means of improving the educational process. The results of the survey offer a basis for developing strategies for more effective implementation of 3D printing in the education of the population.
Porovnanie dynamiky jazdy vybraných hasičských vozidiel na podvozkoch Tatra a Scania pri vysokých rýchlostiach
Authors:   University of Žilina, Jánošík Ladislav , Šudrychová Izabela ,   University of Žilina, Jánošíková Ivana ,   University of Žilina, Jeřábková Markéta ,   University of Žilina
Published: February 2025

The paper summarizes and compares results of the evaluation of the measurement of basic driving characteristics of fire trucks. It compares two fire tanker trucks with similar chassis, allowing driving on unpaved roads or in the terrain, that are used by the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. These are fire trucks on chassis manufactured by TATRA and SCANIA. The deceleration and acceleration characteristics of the fire trucks were monitored and evaluated. Braking distance and deceleration were observed during the evaluation of braking characteristics. To evaluate the acceleration characteristics, a deceleration time and a distance to reach a desired speed were monitored. These parameters were monitored depending on the type of tyres, a test track surface and climatic conditions.
Experimentálne porovnanie účinnosti vyslobodzovacích zariadení pri strihaní vybraných konštrukčných častí automobilu
Authors:   University of Žilina, Ballay Michal , Kapusňak Michal ,   University of Žilina
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes the development of Fire and Rescue Corps intervention activities in traffic accidents, considering overall Slovakian traffic accident trends. It focuses on the technical aspects of rescue work, particularly the impact of vehicle design changes on firefighter safety. The experimental verification of hydraulic and electrical rescue device effectiveness on various vehicle structural elements provides valuable insights for optimizing rescue procedures.
Manajemen Pembiayaan Pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Islam Brawijaya Pungging Mojokerto
Authors: Firdausiyah Luluk , Rofiq Muhammad Ainur
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan di SMPI Brawijaya Pungging Mojokerto. Ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang penghimpunan datanya menggunakan metode wawancara secara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan untuk kebutuhan operasional pendidikan. Kebutuhan tersebut berupa gaji pegawai, pemeliharaan, pengadaan sarana dan prasarana, pembinaan kesiswaan, peningkatan professional guru dan pegawai, serta pengawasan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan pada SMPI Brawijaya Pungging sudah berjalan sangat baik. Kepala Sekolah memberikan arahan sebelum melaksanakan tugas, menghargai pendapat bawahan yang dalam hal ini adalah pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan, serta melibatkan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan dalam penyusunan Rencana Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Sekolah (RAPBS). Pengawasan di SMPI Brawijaya Pungging juga sudah berjalan baik. Ada koordinasi antara pihak sekolah dan tim pengawas pemerintah daerah.
This study aims to identify the management of educational financing at SMPI Brawijaya Pungging Mojokerto. This is a qualitative study whose data collection uses in-depth interview methods, observation, and documentation. This study aims to determine the management of educational financing for educational operational needs. These needs include employee salaries, maintenance, procurement of facilities and infrastructure, student development, professional development of teachers and employees, and supervision. The results of this study indicate that the management of educational financing at SMPI Brawijaya Pungging has been running very well. The principal provides direction before carrying out tasks, respects the opinions of subordinates who in this case are educators and education personnel, and involves educators and education personnel in the preparation of the School Revenue and Expenditure Budget Plan (RAPBS). Supervision at SMPI Brawijaya Pungging has also been running well. There is coordination between the school and the local government supervisory team.
Comparative Study of the Hexagonal Structure of the SiC JBS Source Region
Authors: Xu Yili , Li Xin
Published: February 2025

Silicon carbide (SiC) junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diode has been widely used in power electronic systems due to its excellent physical characteristics and electrical performance, and the structural design of its source area has a particularly significant impact on the performance. This study provides a comparative analysis of the SiC JBS diode performance of different hexagonal structures, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the optimization of JBS diode performance. Through theoretical derivation, experimental verification and data processing, the paper deeply analyzes the influence of hexagonal structure on JBS diode current distribution and breakdown voltage, and proposes a targeted optimization strategy.
Research on the Application of Computer Science and Technology in the Context of Big Data
Authors: Zhang Meng
Published: February 2025

Computer science and technology play an important role in people’s lives and work, especially in the era of big data. The application of computer science and technology is conducive to improving people’s production and living standards and provides a strong impetus for China’s social and economic development. Therefore, this paper analyzes the application of computer science and technology in the context of big data and puts forward new trends and requirements for its future development, aiming to provide some references for the computer science and technology industry.
U-Net-Based Medical Image Segmentation: A Comprehensive Analysis and Performance Review
Authors: Abdulfatah Aliyu , Sheng Zhang , Tenawerk Yirga Eyasu
Published: February 2025

Medical image segmentation has become a cornerstone for many healthcare applications, allowing for the automated extraction of critical information from images such as Computed Tomography (CT) scans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRIs), and X-rays. The introduction of U-Net in 2015 has significantly advanced segmentation capabilities, especially for small datasets commonly found in medical imaging. Since then, various modifications to the original U-Net architecture have been proposed to enhance segmentation accuracy and tackle challenges like class imbalance, data scarcity, and multi-modal image processing. This paper provides a detailed review and comparison of several U-Net-based architectures, focusing on their effectiveness in medical image segmentation tasks. We evaluate performance metrics such as Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Intersection over Union (IoU) across different U-Net variants including HmsU-Net, CrossU-Net, mResU-Net, and others. Our results indicate that architectural enhancements such as transformers, attention mechanisms, and residual connections improve segmentation performance across diverse medical imaging applications, including tumor detection, organ segmentation, and lesion identification. The study also identifies current challenges in the field, including data variability, limited dataset sizes, and issues with class imbalance. Based on these findings, the paper suggests potential future directions for improving the robustness and clinical applicability of U-Net-based models in medical image segmentation.
A Multi-Scale Attention-Based Pedestrian Detection Method for Roadways Using the YOLOv5 Framework
Authors: Wang Ruihan , Liu Boling , Liao Tingyu
Published: February 2025

Due to multi-scale variations and occlusion problems, accurate traffic road pedestrian detection faces great challenges. This paper proposes an improved pedestrian detection method called Multi Scales Attention-YOLOv5x (MSA-YOLOv5x) based on the YOLOv5x framework. Firstly, by replacing the first convolutional operation of the backbone network with the Focus module, this method expands the number of image input channels to enhance feature expressiveness. Secondly, we construct C3_CBAM module instead of the original C3 module for better feature fusion. In this way, the learning process could achieve more multi-scale features and occluded pedestrian target features through channel attention and spatial attention. Additionally, a new feature pyramid detection layer and a new detection channel are embedded in the feature fusion part for enhancing multi-scale pedestrian detection accuracy. Compared with the baseline methods, experimental results on a public dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves optimal detection accuracy for traffic road pedestrian detection.
Study on Bionic Fabrication and Morphology of the Two Wings of the Tiger Papilio
Authors: He Fuming , Wang Yaxuan , Xiong Zhenyu , Li Yang
Published: February 2025

Based on research into bionic butterflies for environmental detection and ecological management, a scheme was proposed to develop and manufacture a bionic aircraft with two wings inspired by specific butterfly species. A flapping-wing aircraft with a simple structure was designed, and its two-wing design was optimized. The research focused on several key areas: the design and optimization of the wings, the development of the transmission mechanism, hardware design and fabrication, and 3D printing for component manufacturing. This resulted in the bionic replication of the wing shape and structure of the Tiger Papilio butterfly. The final bionic butterfly features a wingspan of 29.5 cm and a total weight of 13.8 g. This project integrates mechatronic principles and provides a valuable reference for advancements in the field of bionic butterflies. Future research could explore the aerodynamic characteristics of wings and innovative design approaches in greater depth.
Research on the Theory and Practice of Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Authors: Liu Yan , Yin Lu
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen energy is a renewable and clean resource, that can promote the transformation of energy use terminals to green and low carbon, alleviate the current problems of energy shortage, respond to China’s “double carbon” strategy, and further implement the energy-saving and emission reduction targets. The hydrogen fuel cell is an efficient and environmentally friendly distributed power generation device, with the advantages of high energy density, zero-emission, fast charging speed, etc., and has been widely used in the fields of new energy vehicles, electric power equipment, and portable equipment. This paper analyzes the principle and advantages of hydrogen fuel cells, analyzes the key technology system of hydrogen fuel cells and the application of artificial intelligence in hydrogen fuel cells, proposes to strengthen the research on hydrogen production technology, accelerates the technical research and transformation application of key materials and core components, formulate industrial planning scientifically and actively promote hydrogen fuel cell, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, to promote the development of the hydrogen fuel cell industry.
The Integration of Modern Computer Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kong Caihua
Published: February 2025

With the advent of the information age, people’s production and life are more closely connected with the Internet. Internet technology not only improves the production efficiency, but also provides great convenience for people’s life. At present, people’s requirements for computer information technology are gradually increasing. When we look directly at the information transmission and storage capacity, computer information technology cannot meet the market demand. Due to rapid development, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) can enable the development of computer information technology. In this paper, computer information technology and artificial intelligence integration act as a starting point, and the integration of the development of the two is analyzed for reference.
Design of a Small Bionic Butterfly Machine Under the Background of Innovation and Fusion
Authors: Wang Yaxuan , He Fuming , Li Yang
Published: February 2025

With the advancement of modern technology and the continuous development of science, research into flapping wing aircraft is becoming increasingly sophisticated. Addressing issues such as the large wingspan and heavy mass of existing bionic butterfly aircraft, this paper proposes the design of a lightweight lithium battery power supply, a chip integrated into a small circuit board, and a reference to the natural characteristics of butterfly wings. The wings are simulated using 0.125 mm polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film to replicate their movement. The driving structure employs a double motor and a four-bar mechanism to achieve natural and smooth wing vibrations. The control system features a lightweight motor, battery, and a high-performance low-power microcontroller for precise control. Using 3D printing technology, a lightweight design is realized, successfully simulating the structure and movement characteristics of a specific butterfly, demonstrating the principles of mechatronics. Furthermore, the design process incorporates multidisciplinary knowledge, and a workshop combining competitive discipline events with innovation and entrepreneurship has been established. This initiative fosters the deep integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education with professional training, effectively cultivating application-oriented technical talents.
Exploration on the Construction of Intelligent Big Data Platform of Ningxia Solar Photovoltaic Industry based on NB-IoT
Authors: Wang Huijun , Chong Weiying
Published: February 2025

As China’s first new energy comprehensive demonstration zone, Ningxia’s solar photovoltaic (PV) industry has developed rapidly, but it still faces shortcomings in terms of intelligence and digitalization. This study focuses on the application and construction of an intelligent big data platform based on Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology within Ningxia’s solar PV industry. It explores the application trends of digital technology in the energy sector, particularly in the PV industry under the backdrop of energy reform, analyzes the technological development status of the smart energy field both domestically and internationally, and details the research methods and design components of the platform (including the photovoltaic base data platform, outdoor mobile application, remote data system, and back-office management system). The study discusses the opportunities and challenges Ningxia’s PV industry faces and proposes a construction pathway. It provides a theoretical foundation and technical support for the digital transformation of Ningxia’s PV industry, facilitating industrial upgrading and sustainable development. Although the current research is limited to the proposed design scheme, it establishes a basis for future empirical research and platform development.
Aplicaciones de las IA en la toma de decisiones empresariales. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Arizaga Vera Fabián Eduardo , Arizaga Vera Edmundo Marcelo , Álava Vera María Fernanda , Sarmiento Montoya Lilia María
Published: February 2025

La creciente integración de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en el ámbito empresarial plantea oportunidades significativas para optimizar la toma de decisiones, un aspecto crítico para la competitividad y sostenibilidad de las organizaciones en un entorno dinámico. Sin embargo, la falta de claridad sobre cómo se están aplicando estas tecnologías y su impacto real justifica una revisión sistemática del estado actual del conocimiento. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue explorar y analizar el uso de la IA en la toma de decisiones empresariales, identificando patrones, beneficios, desafíos y brechas existentes. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de revisión sistemática siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA, utilizando bases de datos académicas reconocidas para seleccionar estudios relevantes publicados entre 2015 y 2024. Se emplearon criterios rigurosos de inclusión y exclusión para garantizar la calidad y pertinencia de los artículos seleccionados. Se categorizaron los resultados según el tipo de aplicación, industria, técnicas de IA empleadas y efectos reportados en la toma de decisiones Los hallazgos destacan que las aplicaciones de IA han mejorado significativamente la eficiencia, precisión y capacidad predictiva en áreas como la gestión financiera, la logística y la estrategia de mercado. Sin embargo, se identificaron desafíos relacionados con la interpretación de resultados, sesgos algorítmicos y barreras éticas y organizacionales. En conclusión, este estudio evidencia que, aunque la IA tiene un gran potencial para transformar la toma de decisiones empresariales, es crucial abordar los desafíos técnicos y éticos para maximizar su impacto positivo y promover su adopción responsable.