bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating survival outcomes and treatment recommendations in resectable gastric cancer
Authors: Sabbagh Saad , Jabbal Iktej Singh , Herrán María , Mohanna Mohamed , Iska Sindu , Itani Mira , Dominguez Barbara , Sarna Kaylee , Nahleh Zeina , Nagarajan Arun
Published: January 2025

No consensus exists on the optimal therapy for resectable gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) tumors, including the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy versus perioperative chemotherapy (PC). Our study aimed to compare overall survival (OS) outcomes associated with the recommended treatment modalities for GC and GEJ tumors and evaluate treatment trends from 2010 to 2020. A national registry cohort identified patients with ≥ cT2 nonmetastatic GC and GEJ cancer. Treatment modalities were classified as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCR), PC, adjuvant chemotherapy (AC), and adjuvant chemoradiation (ACR). Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariable Cox regression models evaluated factors associated with OS. A cohort of 7665 patients were included. Patients who received PC had the highest OS (median 86.80 months, 95% CI 73.40-NE), while chemoradiotherapy in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings had worse OS than PC and NC (NCR median 47.15 months, 95% CI 44.58–52.27, and ACR median 52.67 months, 95%CI 42.78–63.93). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that NCR and NC had worse survival than PC (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.50–2.02, p < 0.001 and HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.10–1.44, p = 0.0008, respectively). Additionally, the most utilized modality during 2020 was NC (35.8%), followed by PC (28.0%) and NCR (24.9%). The utilization of PC and NC had the most substantial rise between 2010 and 2020, increasing by 11.0%. The study demonstrates the association of PC with improved OS outcomes for nonmetastatic GC and GEJ tumors. Therapies combining radiation with chemotherapy and extended lymph node dissection correlated with a worse prognosis compared to PC and NC. Despite the association with improved outcomes, national data reveals low utilization rates for PC.
Field switching of microfabricated metamagnetic FeRh MRI contrast agents
Authors: Dodd Stephen , Gudino Natalia , Zadorozhnii Oleksii , Staňo Michal , Hajduček Jan , Arregi Jon Ander , Morris H. Douglas , Uhlíř Vojtěch , Barbic Mladen , Koretsky Alan P.
Published: January 2025

In a step towards generating switchable MRI cellular labels, we demonstrate in-situ field switching of micron scale metamagnetic Iron-Rhodium (FeRh) thin film particles. A thin-film (200 nm) FeRh sample was fabricated and patterned into an array of progressively smaller squares with sizes ranging from 500 μm down to 1 μm. The large first order phase change from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state was characterized using vibrating sample magnetometry, magnetic force microscopy, and MRI. Room temperature MRI experiments sensitive to the local magnetic field surrounding the particles demonstrated the low moment state (OFF MRI contrast) at 4.7T and high moment state (ON MRI contrast) at 11.7T for the array where sizes down to 2–3 μm were observed in MRI at 50 μm resolution. The expected temperature dependent MRI contrast change was seen at 4.7T, where 10 μm particles could be observed at 150 μm resolution in the ON state. A shielded MRI insert, used to temporarily increase or decrease the magnetic field up to 0.77T amplitude, was used to reversibly switch the particle array at constant temperature and blink the particles ON and OFF at 4.7T. This work demonstrates the MRI contrast switching potential for FeRh particles with biological cell dimensions, and the use of magnetic field pulses for reversible MRI label contrast control.
An in silico analysis of heart rate impact on wall shear stress hemodynamic parameters in aortic coarctation
Authors: Wang Jie , Manchester Emily , Skillen Alex , Ngoepe Malebogo , Keavney Bernard , Revell Alistair
Published: January 2025

This study examines how heart rate (HR) affects hemodynamics in a South African infant with Coarctation of the Aorta. Computed tomography angiography segments aortic coarctation anatomy; Doppler echocardiography derives inlet flow waveforms. Simulations occur at 100, 120, and 160 beats per minute, representing reduced, resting, and elevated HR levels. Turbulence was analyzed over time and space using turbulence-resolving and pulsatile large-eddy simulations. Specifically, a 60% reduction in HR led to a reduction in maximum velocity by 45%, and a 57% decrease in pressure drop. The reduction in turbulence-related metrics was less significant. The ratio of turbulent kinetic energy to total kinetic energy decreased by 2%, while turbulent wall shear stress decreased by 3%. These results demonstrate that HR significantly affects velocity and pressure drop, while turbulence arising from the coarctation region is relatively unaffected. The balance between turbulent kinetic energy and total kinetic energy shows minimal enhancement due to the complex interplay among HR, turbulence, and geometry. This complexity prompts discussion on how HR-slowing medications, such as beta-blockers or ivabradine, could positively influence hemodynamic stresses. In particular, the results indicate that while HR modulation can influence flow dynamics, it may not significantly reduce turbulence-induced shear stresses within the coarctation zone. Therefore, further investigation is necessary to understand the potential impact of HR modulation in the management of CoA, and whether interventions targeting the anatomical correction of the coarctation may be more effective in improving hemodynamic outcomes.
Investigation of sensory attenuation in the somatosensory domain using EEG in a novel virtual reality paradigm
Authors: Giannini Gianluigi , Nierhaus Till , Blankenburg Felix
Published: January 2025

We are not only passively immersed in a sensorial world, but we are active agents that directly produce stimulations. Understanding what is unique about sensory consequences can give valuable insight into the action-perception-cycle. Sensory attenuation is the phenomenon that self-produced stimulations are perceived as less intense compared to externally-generated ones. Studying this phenomenon, however, requires considering a plethora of factors that could otherwise interfere with its interpretation, such as differences in stimulus properties, attentional resources, or temporal predictability. We therefore developed a novel Virtual Reality (VR) setup which allows control over several of these confounding factors. Furthermore, we modulated the expectation of receiving a somatosensory stimulation across self-production and passive perception through a simple probabilistic learning task, allowing us to test to what extent the electrophysiological correlates of sensory attenuation are impacted by stimulus expectation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was twofold: first we aimed validating a novel VR paradigm during electroencephalography (EEG) recoding to investigate sensory attenuation in a highly controlled setup; second, we tested whether electrophysiological differences between self- and externally-generated sensations could be better explained by stimulus predictability factors, corroborating the validity of sensory attenuation. Results of 26 participants indicate that early (P100), mid-latency (P200) and later negative contralateral potentials were significantly attenuated by self-generated sensations, independent of the stimulus expectation. Moreover, a component around 200 ms post-stimulus at frontal sites was found to be enhanced for self-produced stimuli. The P300 was influenced by stimulus expectation, regardless of whether the stimulation was actively produced or passively attended. Together, our results demonstrate that VR opens up new possibilities to study sensory attenuation in more ecological valid yet well-controlled paradigms, and that sensory attenuation is not significantly modulated by stimulus predictability, suggesting that sensory attenuation relies on motor-specific predictions about their sensory outcomes. This not only supports the phenomenon of sensory attenuation, but is also consistent with previous research and the concept that action actually plays a crucial role in perception.
FABP4 as a therapeutic host target controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Baazim Hatoon , Koyuncu Emre , Tuncman Gürol , Burak M Furkan , Merkel Lea , Bahour Nadine , Karabulut Ezgi Simay , Lee Grace Yankun , Hanifehnezhad Alireza , Karagoz Zehra Firat , Földes Katalin , Engin Ilayda , Erman Ayse Gokce , Oztop Sidika , Filazi Nazlican , Gul Buket , Ceylan Ahmet , Cinar Ozge Ozgenc , Can Fusun , Kim Hahn , Al-Hakeem Ali , Li Hui , Semerci Fatih , Lin Xihong , Yilmaz Erkan , Ergonul Onder , Ozkul Aykut , Hotamisligil Gökhan S
Published: January 2025

Host metabolic fitness is a critical determinant of infectious disease outcomes. Obesity, aging, and other related metabolic disorders are recognized as high-risk disease modifiers for respiratory infections, including coronavirus infections, though the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our study highlights fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), a key regulator of metabolic dysfunction and inflammation, as a modulator of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, correlating strongly with disease severity in COVID-19 patients. We demonstrate that loss of FABP4 function, by genetic or pharmacological means, reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication and disrupts the formation of viral replication organelles in adipocytes and airway epithelial cells. Importantly, FABP4 inhibitor treatment of infected hamsters diminished lung viral titers, alleviated lung damage and reduced collagen deposition. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting host metabolism in limiting coronavirus replication and mitigating the pathogenesis of infection.
RPRD1B's direct interaction with phosphorylated RNA polymerase II regulates polyadenylation of cell cycle genes and drives cancer progression
Authors: Moreno Rosamaria Y. , Panina Svetlana B. , Zhang Y. Jessie
Published: January 2025

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) regulates eukaryotic gene expression through dynamic phosphorylation of its C-terminal domain (CTD).
Tuning metal-support interactions in MOF-derived CoNi@NC supported Pd catalysts for efficient hydrogenation of bicarbonate using glycerol as a hydrogen donor
Authors: Dong Xiaojin , Zhong Wenfeng , Li Xuecheng , Wang Gang , Tan Hua , Ouyang Xinping
Published: January 2025

The hydrogenation of bicarbonate, a byproduct of CO2 captured in alkaline solutions, into formic acid (FA) using glycerol (GLY) as a hydrogen source offers a promising carbon-negative strategy for reducing CO2 emissions.
Efficient upgrading of polystyrene plastics to nitriles through a catalytic oxidative amination process
Authors: Sun Chengyang , Guo Yong , Liu Xiaohui , Wang Yanqin
Published: January 2025

The upcycling of C–C bond linked polyolefins has drawn wide attention and a lot of studies have been focused on the conversion of polyolefins to hydrocarbons, while the further valorization to more value-added products has barely been developed.
Enhanced high-temperature energy storage in semi-aromatic polyimides via dual regulation of short-range ordered and crosslinked architectures
Authors: He Guanghu , Luo Hang , Liu Yuan , Wan Yuting , Peng Bo , Hu Deng , Wang Fan , Li Xiaona , Peng Jiajun , Wang Huan , Zhang Dou
Published: January 2025

By the dual regulation of the short-range ordered structure and the cross-linked structure, semi-aromatic polyimide (E-SAPI260) attained a high Ud of 8.61 J cm−3 and 6.50 J cm−3 at 150 °C and 200 °C, respectively, with η exceeding 90%.
Introducing atomistic dynamics at van der Waals surfaces for enhancing the thermoelectric performance of layered Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3
Authors: Mansoor Adil , Jabar Bushra , Shah Syed Shoaib Ahmad , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Najam Tayyaba , Ishaq Muhammad , Chen Shuo , Li Fu , Shi Xiao-Lei , Chen Yue-Xing , Liang Guang-Xing , Chen Zhi-Gang , Zheng Zhuang-Hao
Published: January 2025

In the present work, the induced atomic diffusion at van der Waals layers and prevailed crystal-amorphicity duality optimized the electronic and chemical environments, leading to enhanced thermoelectric performance of a layered material.
Non-destructive Stripping Electrochemistry Enables Long-Life Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Niu Chaojiang , Guo Ruiting , Liu Xiong , Ni Kun , Xia Fan-Jie , Zhang Huazhang , Liu Yu , Dai Xinzhe , Shi Litong , Wang Xuanpeng , Han Chunhua , Mai Liqiang
Published: January 2025

Current research focuses on regulating Zn plating behavior to address dendrite issue. Although significant improvements in the lifespans of symmetric batteries have been achieved, full batteries do not demonstrate a...
Physical activity alleviated associations of oxidation capacity of the atmosphere with platelet-based inflammatory indicators: findings from the Henan Rural Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Xiaohuan , Chen Gongbo , Liao Wei , Zhang Ziyuan , Liu Xiaotian , Li Ruiying , Hou Xiaoyu , Yuchi Yinghao , Mao Zhenxing , Huo Wenqian , Guo Yuming , Li Shanshan , Wang Chongjian , Hou Jian
Published: January 2025

Several adverse effects of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are assessed using combined oxidant capacity (Ox) and redox-weighted oxidant capacity (Owtx) as surrogates.
Physiological and transcriptomic responses of Chlorella vulgaris to novel antibacterial nanoparticles of ethyl cyanoacrylate polymer
Authors: Zhang Di , Liu Keqing , Feng Chengcheng , Wang Xianmin , Al-Azab Ayat J. S. , Lu Han , Ma Haiyan , Tang Ying , Xu Li , Ohama Takeshi , Kong Fantao
Published: January 2025

Responses of green microalga Chlorella vulgaris to novel antibacterial nanoparticle ECA-NPs.
Understanding the effects of adduct functionalization on C60 nanocages for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Spears Joy , Shawky Adly Mina , Castro Edison , Puente Santiago Alain R. , Echegoyen Luis , He Tianwei , Dares Christopher J. , Noufal Mohamed
Published: January 2025

In this work, we use experimental and theoretical techniques to study the origin of the boosted hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity of two pyridyl-pyrrolidine functionalized C60 fullerenes.
Synthesis and chiral self-sorting of spirobifluorene-containing boronate ester cages
Authors: Schäfer Natalie , Glanz Lukas , Lützen Arne , Beuerle Florian
Published: January 2025

Diboronic acids based on chiral spirobifluorenes are selectively sorted into homochiral organic cages via dynamic covalent boronate ester formation.
Photo-crosslinking of doped magic-sized nanoclusters for the construction of enhanced electrochemiluminescence biosensors
Authors: Ge Junjun , Yin Tengyue , Zhang Haoyang , Cao Yue , Liu Juan , Zhu Jun-Jie , Zhou Yang , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: January 2025

We developed a bipolar electrode-based ECL sensing platform using doping and direct optical crosslinking of semiconductor magic-sized nanoclusters, achieving significant improvements in both ECL intensity and stability.
In situ study of CdS/WO3 and CdS/SnO2 heterostructures: comparison of photocatalytic activity behavior
Authors: Yu Hyejin , Hoang Dung Thanh , Kim Hyun Sung , Lee Hangil
Published: January 2025

This study used in situ XPS to demonstrate that the CdS/WO3(n) heterostructures exhibit enhanced visible-light active photocatalytic properties through the controlled adjustment of the CdS and WO3 ratio.
A non-hydrolysable peptidomimetic for mitochondrial targeting
Authors: Folgar-Cameán Yeray , Torralba-Maldonado Daniel , Fulias-Guzmán Patricia , Pazo Marta , Máximo-Moreno Irene , Royo Miriam , Illa Ona , Montenegro Javier
Published: January 2025

Peptidomimetics, molecules that mimic the activity of natural peptides with improved stability or bioavailability, have emerged as interesting materials with applications in biomedicine.
Introduction to advancements in synthesis of high-performance materials from Nature’s building blocks
Authors: Roumeli Eleftheria , Kristufek Samantha L.
Published: January 2025

Eleftheria Roumeli and Samantha L. Kristufek introduce the Materials Advances themed collection on advancements in high-performance sustainable polymers: from bio-derived monomers to dynamic materials.
Regulating nacre-like reduced graphene oxide based composites with polymer-grafted cellulose nanocrystals to achieve high strength, toughness and electrical/thermal conductivity
Authors: Wu Wei , He Yujie , Zhu Qin , Luo Zhenyang , Li Bengang
Published: January 2025

The grafted polyacrylamide chains on CNCs are crucial for regulating the structure and properties of nacre-like composites through forming hydrogen bonds.
Evaluation of Masseteric Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials: A Comparative Study Between Children and Adults
Authors: Somani Sejal , Neupane Anuj Kumar
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

The present study examined masseteric vestibular evoked myogenic potential (mVEMP) responses in children and compared these results with those of adults, using both air- and bone-conduction modes of stimulation.

Method:

Fifteen children and fifteen adults with hearing thresholds below 15 dB HL were considered for the study. Ipsilateral 500-Hz narrow-band chirp (NB CE-chirp) evoked mVEMP responses were elicited via a zygomatic montage through both air- and bone-conduction modes of stimulation. Therefore, the recorded responses were analyzed for various mVEMP parameters, namely, absolute P11 and N21 peak latencies, the peak-to-peak amplitude of the P11–N21 complex, and the interaural asymmetry ratio.

Results:

NB CE-chirp–evoked mVEMPs were 100% present at 500 Hz using both air- and bone-conduction modes of stimulation. No significant differences were found in mVEMP parameters between ears, genders, or modes of stimulation in both children and adults. However, a significant P11–N21 amplitude difference was observed between the two groups.

Conclusion:

The findings of the study highlighted the need to incorporate age-appropriate reference values for interpreting mVEMP responses for children and adults across air- and bone-conduction modes.
Active voltage balancing by turn‐off delays regulation for multiple series‐connected SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Mathieu de Vienne Cédric , Lefranc Pierre , Jeannin Pierre‐Olivier , Lefebvre Bruno , Asllani Besar
Published: January 2025

SiC MOSFETs are currently the most appropriate solution for high‐efficiency conversions at low kilovolts (). For higher voltages, the series connection of SiC MOSFETs shows great promise. However, voltage sharing remains a significant technical challenge. This article proposes an active voltage balancing approach for a stack of N SiC MOSFETs, achieved through precise adjustment of turn‐off delays based on real‐time voltage feedback. Using an analytical model tailored to describe voltage sharing, a control method is designed, configured, and evaluated. Control behavior is experimentally validated on hard switching converters.
Anti-cancer immunotherapy-related cardiotoxicity: preventable and treatable
Authors: Wu Helena T. , Hsu Vanessa , Win Shwe , Xing Yan
Published: January 2025

Anti-cancer immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have significantly advanced oncology treatments but are associated with rare, potentially severe cardiotoxicities. Despite their success, these therapies are associated with immune-related adverse events including rare but severe immunotherapy-related cardiotoxicities. This review examines various immunotherapy types, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell therapies, and cancer vaccines, highlighting their cardiovascular risks. Cardiotoxicities can lead to life-threatening complications, especially in high-risk patients. Early detection and prevention are crucial, with comprehensive cardiovascular assessments and routine biomarker monitoring playing a central role. With immunotherapies becoming more prevalent, this review calls for stronger evidence-based guidelines to manage and prevent these cardiovascular complications, ensuring that patients can benefit from life-saving immunotherapies without jeopardizing cardiovascular health.
Pulmonary Embolism and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: García-Ortega Alberto , Pedro-Tudela Ana , Taberner-Lino Laura , Barreiro Esther , Martínez-García Miguel Ángel , Oscullo Grace
Published: January 2025

Pulmonary embolism (PE) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remain a major health issue worldwide with potential overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms. PE, the most severe form of venous thromboembolism, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, presenting challenges in management and prevention, especially in high-risk populations. OSA is a prevalent condition characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway closure resulting in intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Although the understanding of epidemiological and pathogenic relationships between OSA and PE is still limited, current data suggest that interactions between these two conditions appear to be relevant. OSA is emerging as a novel risk factor for PE, potentially affecting all components of Virchow's triad: hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction, and venous stasis. Epidemiological studies indicate a high prevalence of undiagnosed OSA in acute PE patients. Moderate-to-severe OSA has been linked to worse clinical presentations and outcomes. Furthermore, OSA has been associated with increased risks of PE recurrence and mortality. Future research directions should include clarifying the bidirectional relationship between these conditions and evaluating the effectiveness and safety of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in improving outcomes in patients with concurrent acute PE and OSA.
Weak ferromagnetic transition in a La2CuO4 single crystal in a time-varying field
Authors: Dudko K. L. , Gapon N. V. , Savitskii V. N. , Solov’ev V. V.
Published: January 2025

The weak ferromagnetic phase transition in an antiferromagnetic La2CuO4 single crystal in a pulsed magnetic field of duration 33 ms is investigated by measuring the sample conductivity. The transition is observed to proceed in two steps in the ascending field and with a single jump in the descending field. It is shown that this fact is difficult to treat within the scope of previously proposed models of the magnetic structure of lanthanum cuprate. Some possible ways of refining the conventional model are suggested, along with mechanisms that could account for the observed two-step character of the transition. An analogy is drawn with the like behavior of the magnetization of FeCO3 in the so-called “mixed” state.
The effect of oxygen concentration on the microhardness of YBa2Cu3O7–δ single crystals in the temperature interval 77–293 K
Authors: Lubenets S. V. , Natsik V. D. , Fomenko L. S. , Bobrov V. S. , Izotov A. N.
Published: January 2025

The concentration dependence of the microhardness Hυ(δ) of two series of YBa2Cu3O7–δ single crystals is studied in the temperature range 77–293 K. The microhardness increases linearly with temperature, and the dependence Hυ(t) becomes stronger with increasing oxygen deficiency. An analysis of the results shows that the behavior of Hυ(δ,T) is due not to the variation of elastic properties of crystals, but to the effect of oxygen concentration and oxygen ordering on the nuclear structure and mobility of dislocations responsible for plastic deformation in the vicinity of the impression left by the indentor.
Observation of Andreev reflections and Josephson effects in point contacts between conventional and the heavy-fermion superconductor URu2Si2
Authors: Naidyuk Yu. G. , Yanson I. K. , Nowack A. , Ulbrich E. , Freimuth A. , Schlabitz W. , Menovsky A. A.
Published: January 2025

We have measured the dV/dl vs V characteristics of point contacts between the heavy-fermion superconductor URu2Si2 and the conventional superconductors Zn and NbTi. Contacts between URu2Si2 and Zn behave like a superconductor–normal metal–superconductor junction with a thick normal layer in the heavy-fermion part of the contact and show Andreev-reflection type structures related to both the heavy-fermion and the conventional superconductors. In contrast, contacts between URu2Si2 and NbTi become superconducting at low bias currents. The data indicate that proximity induced superconductivity is important for the coupling of the two types of superconductivity. With such contacts we also fabricated a closed-loop setup with two NbTi contacts on a URu2Si2 sample, which showed SQUID oscillation in a small magnetic field.
Vacancion diffusion in body-centered cubic 3He crystals
Authors: Dyumin N. E. , Boiko V. V. , Zuev N. V. , Grigor’ev V. N.
Published: January 2025

Diffusion creep is measured in bcc 3He crystals for three values of the molar volume. The self-diffusion coefficients of 3He atoms in the interval 0.45–0.7 K are determined, along with the vacancion diffusion coefficients, which are found to be independent of the temperature. A method based on the model of wide-gap quasiparticles is proposed for determining the vacancion band gap Δυ directly by comparison of experimental self-diffusion and heat capacity data. The values obtained for Δυ are much greater than the temperature of the system, validating the underlying model of wide-gap quasiparticles.
Exciton ionization at molecular impurity ions XeK+ isolated in solid Xe
Authors: Kolmakov A. A. , Stankevich V. G. , Sukhanov L. P. , Guertler P. , Kraas M.
Published: January 2025

Photoconductivity and luminescence excitation spectra are measured for solid Xe samples with a surface doped by K+ ions. The spectra of photoconductivity as a function of the wavelength of exciting light display photocurrent peaks at exciton positions, indicating that mobile charge carriers are formed at the given energies on the sample surface. This process can be explained by exciton trapping at XeK+ centers followed by the formation of a mobile hole as a result of the charge-transfer reaction between an exciton and an ion. Such mobile holes are detected through the photocurrent being measured. The probability of hole production in such processes is estimated. On the whole, the luminescence excitation spectrum of self-localized excitons coincides with the known spectra, but the samples doped with ions exhibit a sort of quenching in the high-energy part of the spectrum. This effect is explained by preferred disintegration of weakly coupled excitons with n = 2 by the strong electrostatic field in the sample.
New low-frequency modes at the boundary of a two-dimensional electron fluid in a magnetic field
Authors: Monarkha Yu. P.
Published: January 2025

It is established that a new low-frequency boundary-displacement wave mode, or magnetoripplon, can propagate along the interface of regions with different conductivities in a two-dimensional system (including the edge of the system) in the presence of a magnetic field B perpendicular to the system. Even in the incompressible electron fluid approximation the spectrum of this mode is similar to the spectrum of edge magnetoplasmons (EMPs), ω(q) ∝ q/B. The coupling of magnetoripplon and EMP modes is investigated for a two-dimensional electron fluid situated close to a screening electrode. It is shown that magnetoripplon and EMP modes can be approximately regarded as independent in the limit of weak magnetic fields, whereas for intermediate and strong fields both branches of the spectrum represent coupled magnetoripplon–EMP modes corresponding to in-phase and antiphase oscillations of excess charges at the interface.
Orthogonal polynomials: From Heun equations to Painlevé equations
Authors: Zhu Mengkun , Chen Yuting , Yu Jianduo , Li Chuanzhong
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we study four kinds of polynomials: orthogonal with the singularly perturbed Gaussian weight wSPG(x), the deformed Freud weight wDF(x), the jumpy Gaussian weight wJG(x), and the Jacobi-type weight wJC(x). The second order linear differential equations satisfied by these orthogonal polynomials and the associated Heun equations are presented. Utilizing the method of isomonodromic deformations given by Dereziński et al. [Symmetry Integr. Geom. Methods Appl. 17, 056 (2021)], we transform these Heun equations into Painlevé equations. It is interesting that the Painlevé equations obtained by the way in this work are same as the results satisfied by the related three term recurrence coefficients or the auxiliaries studied by other authors. In addition, we discuss the asymptotic behaviors of the Hankel determinant generated by the first weight, wSPG(x), under a suitable double scaling for large s and small s, where the Dyson’s constant is recovered.
Investigation of film thickness uniformity in inkjet printing of liquid optically clear adhesive
Authors: Ren Yahao , Song Wei , Zhang Yang , Wang Lixin , Liu Zhuli , Wang Shaoqi , Jin Zunlong , Wang Changliang
Published: January 2025

The inkjet printing process of liquid optically clear adhesive film often leads to the phenomenon of end protrusions, which cause bubbles during subsequent bonding and encapsulation processes or localized Mura defects. To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism behind the formation of protrusions during film retracts, we derived a dynamic model for the formation of end protrusions in the film. This research also simulated the coalescence of multiple droplets into a film line, including protrusion formation, using the volume of fluid method. The simulation results were compared with theoretical calculations, revealing that the theoretical values were approximately twice as large as the simulated ones. We discovered that the formation of protrusions is the result of the interaction between surface tension and internal forces within the liquid film. During this process, the maximum height of the film line exhibits a positive correlation with the power of time. Finally, the influence of contact angle on the uniformity of film thickness was also explored. It was found that a smaller contact angle can suppress the occurrence of protrusions, leading to a significant improvement in the uniformity of film thickness.
Effect of radial electric field on energy deposition for exploding 40-
μ
m diameter aluminum wire in vacuum with different conical–planar electrodes
Authors: Fu Guiling , Shi Zongqian , Cao Ziyang , Mo Yongpeng , Sun Jiajia
Published: January 2025

Two series of conical wire holders were designed that can generate different values of positive (with outward direction) and negative (with inward direction) radial electric fields on wire surfaces in negative polarity wire electrical explosion (WEE) in vacuum. The influences of positive and negative radial electric fields on the evolution and axial inhomogeneity of the WEE were studied with the conical–planar electrodes. The results suggest that the radial electric field does have significant influence on the axial inhomogeneity in WEE. The positive radial electric field can increase the energy deposition, while the negative radial electric field can decrease the energy deposition, which then leads to different energy deposition structures. This study provides some help for better understanding of the axial inhomogeneity in the process of WEE; another potential use of the observed effect is to cause different sections of wire to explode at different times, which may introduce a possible approach for adjusting axial inhomogeneity of WEE through electric field regulation.
Time-resolved cross-beam energy transfer in strongly damped regime on the Laser Mégajoule facility
Authors: Debayle A. , Loiseau P. , Lecherbourg L. , Masson-Laborde P.-E. , Ruyer C. , Morice O. , Alozy E. , Le-Deroff L. , Caillaud T. , Debesset S. , Hermerel C. , Rousseaux C.
Published: January 2025

We report on an experiment performed at the Laser Mégajoule facility to investigate on cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) between two kilojoule-nanosecond laser beams propagating through a neo-pentane gas pipe. CBET is diagnosed using time-resolved transmission measurements and x-ray imagers. The time-resolved laser transmission is obtained using laser calibrated x-ray emission conversion on a gold foil located behind the target. Different shots, with and without frequency shift, allow to control the amount of power transferred between the two beams. In particular, we observe that the blue-shifted pulse is significantly depleted during several nanoseconds when using a frequency shift between the laser beams. The time-resolved data provide quantitative comparisons for benchmarking CBET modeling in our radiative hydrodynamic code. It appears that the x-ray emission from the gold foil is recovered only when no saturation of the ion acoustic wave amplitude is applied in our linear kinetic modeling. Yet, the measured signal is not sufficiently accurate to discriminate between CBET models assuming a perfect plane wave closure and those taking into account the speckle structure of the field with smoothing by spectral dispersion.
Cross-diffusion waves by cellular automata modeling: Pattern formation in porous media
Authors: Zhu Zhennan , Regenauer-Lieb Klaus , Hu Manman
Published: January 2025

Porous earth materials exhibit large-scale deformation patterns, such as deformation bands, which emerge from complex small-scale interactions. This paper introduces a cross-diffusion framework designed to capture these multiscale, multiphysics phenomena, inspired by the study of multi-species chemical systems. A microphysics-enriched continuum approach is developed to accurately predict the formation and evolution of these patterns. Utilizing a cellular automata algorithm for discretizing the porous network structure, the proposed framework achieves substantial computational efficiency in simulating the pattern formation process. This study focuses particularly on a dynamic regime termed “cross-diffusion wave,” an instability in porous media where cross-diffusion plays a significant role—a phenomenon experimentally observed in materials like dry snow. The findings demonstrate that external thermodynamic forces can initiate pattern formation in cross-coupled dynamic systems, with the propagation speed of deformation bands primarily governed by cross-diffusion and a specific cross-reaction coefficient. Owing to the universality of thermodynamic force–flux relationships, this study sheds light on a generic framework for pattern formation in cross-coupled multi-constituent reactive systems.
Enhancing computational accuracy with parallel parameter optimization in variational quantum eigensolver
Authors: Tsukayama Daisuke , Shirakashi Jun-ichi , Shibuya Tetsuo , Imai Hiroshi
Published: January 2025

Variational quantum algorithms have promising applications in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. These algorithms rely on a classical optimization outer loop that minimizes a parameterized quantum circuit function. The optimization in variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is NP-hard, meaning that finding the optimal solution is infeasible in the worst-case scenario. One way to address this challenge is through parallel optimization of parameters using multiple-parameterized quantum circuits. However, this approach is unsuitable for cloud-based quantum processing unit utilization due to the increased number of quantum circuit executions. Although NISQ devices have limitations in terms of gate depth, their size has been growing in recent years. Therefore, implementing multiple-parameterized quantum circuits in NISQ devices can suppress the increase in the number of executions. In this study, we propose a parallel-VQE, which leverages the parallel execution of parameterized quantum circuits to perform parallel parameter optimization in VQE, achieving convergence to solutions closer to the ground state. We validate the effectiveness of parallel-VQE in solving the random weighted max-cut problem using numerical simulations and a real quantum device. We present the results of running up to six circuits in parallel (120 qubits) and demonstrate the advantages of using multiple units to improve computational accuracy. This study provides a potential method for solving eigenvalue problems and combinatorial optimization problems for future quantum devices.
Mechanism of selective SiO2/photoresist reactive ion etching in an inductively coupled plasma operated in a C4F8/H2 gas mixture
Authors: Nesterenko Iurii , Kalas Benjamin , Dao Thang Duy , Schulze Julian , Andrianov Nikolai
Published: January 2025

A reactive ion etch process that achieves high selectivity between SiO2 and photoresist (PR) and based on C4F8/H2 chemistry in an inductively coupled radio frequency plasma is developed. The process is accompanied by the formation of a fluorocarbon film, which defines key process characteristics. The SiO2 etching is described as a sum of two competing mechanisms: (i) an inhibition mechanism related to fluorocarbon film deposition and (ii) a defluorination mechanism, describing the diffusion of etching species to the CxFy/SiO2 interface. However, the photoresist etch rate is primarily determined by the inhibition mechanism. In order to achieve high SiO2/PR selectivity, both mechanisms are studied as functions of hydrogen admixture, pressure, gas residence time, and substrate temperature. This study reveals that depending on the superposition of the process parameters, one of the mechanisms can prevail over the other one, which significantly affects etch rates and selectivity. By adjusting the process parameters, a maximum selectivity between SiO2 and PR of 8 is achieved corresponding to a SiO2 etch rate of 200 nm/min.
Bi-level real-time pricing model in multitype electricity users for welfare equilibrium: A reinforcement learning approach
Authors: Song Haixiao , Wang Zhongqing , Gao Yan
Published: January 2025

The diverse load profile formation and utility preferences of multitype electricity users challenge real-time pricing (RTP) and welfare equilibrium. This paper designs an RTP strategy for smart grids. On the demand side, it constructs utility functions reflecting user characteristics and uses multi-agents for different user interests. Considering industrial users, small-scale microgrids, distributed generation, and battery energy storage systems are included. Based on supply and demand interest, a distributed online multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm is proposed. A bi-level stochastic model in the Markov decision process framework optimizes the RTP strategy. Through information exchange, an adaptive pricing scheme balances interest and achieves optimal strategies. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method and algorithm in peak shaving and valley filling. Three load fluctuation scenarios are compared, showing the algorithm's adaptability. The findings reveal the potential of the RL-based bi-level pricing model in resource allocation and user benefits in smart grids. Innovations in user modeling, model construction, and algorithm application have theoretical and practical significance in the electricity market research.
Propagation characteristics of stable detonation waves in curved channels with the lateral expansion effect
Authors: Cao Liwen , Wang Ke , Fan Wei
Published: January 2025

When a stable detonation wave propagates in a curved channel, it will be influenced by the curvature of the channel, which has been investigated in previous studies. Actually, propagation of a stable detonation wave in a curved channel becomes more unstable if the lateral expansion effect is introduced. However, this is an objective phenomenon in practical rotating detonation chambers. In order to clarify the impacts of the channel curvature and the lateral expansion on the propagation of stable detonation waves, this study has been carried out using a mixture of ethylene, oxygen, and nitrogen. The effects of the channel curvature, the detonable mixture height, and the equivalence ratio on the propagation characteristics in both confined and semi-confined curved channels have been focused in this experimental work. The propagation process was recorded by high-speed photography, and the cell width was obtained using the smoke visualization method, while the peak pressures near the outer wall were also measured. The results imply that the deficits of wave velocity and peak pressure are magnified when introducing the lateral expansion phenomenon, especially under fuel-lean and fuel-rich conditions. Meanwhile, the channel curvature and the mixture height also have a great impact on the detonation propagation. Five propagation modes have been observed after the stable detonation waves enter the curved channels with a semi-confined configuration, i.e., a stable mode, a critical mode, a weakly unstable mode, a highly unstable mode, and a deflagration mode. In addition, for the two observed unstable modes, decoupling occurs periodically near the inner wall. Finally, the critical conditions of the stable detonation mode in the semi-confined channel have been clarified. The critical inner radius should be 13.10–15.24 times of the average cell width, and meanwhile, the minimum detonable mixture height is equivalent to 7.03–8.12 times of the average cell width.
Computational fluid dynamical analysis of a Savonius vertical axis wind rotor array
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Mitra Santanu , Mishra Nishant , Vaikuntanathan Visakh
Published: January 2025

Savonius vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) arrays are being studied for urban and semi-urban wind energy harvesting. With limited ground space in these areas, optimizing energy extraction through various array configurations is crucial. This study presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a four-rotor Savonius VAWT array. Various unit array configurations, based on wake analysis of an isolated Savonius rotors, are evaluated through detailed CFD study. The parameters of interest in this study are the coefficient of power, Cpi (i= 1, 2, 3, or 4 is the rotor number) at different typical values of the tip-speed ratio, λ=ΩD/2U∞ (where Ω is the angular speed of the rotor, D is the diameter of the rotor, and U∞ is the free stream air velocity) of the constituent rotors of the unit array, rotational orientation as well as the average value of the coefficient of power, Cpa=(∑i=14Cpi)/4. It is observed that at certain configurations of the four-unit array, it is possible to have a power enhancement, Ψ=Cpa/Cp0>1 up to 1.34 (34% gain), where Cp0 is the coefficient of power of an isolated Savonius rotor at the same λ. The observed enhancement is explained using velocity and pressure fields around the unit array. Comparative analysis with previous studies highlights new approaches for designing high-performance Savonius arrays and suggests directions for CFD-based optimization of larger arrays.
Fluid–structure interaction analysis of a piezoelectric wave energy converter positioned at the wave surface
Authors: Li Shunling , Sun Shiyan , Cui Jie
Published: January 2025

The hydroelastic effects of an elastic plate and its piezoelectric characteristics under wave forces are examined in this study. The hydroelastic analysis models fluid motion and hydrodynamic pressure using viscous flow theory, solved through a combination of the Reynolds–averaged Navier–Stokes equations, the continuity equation, and the shear stress transport turbulence model. The finite element method is employed both to solve the hydroelastic motion of the plate and to calculate the static electric field. Unlike previous studies where the piezoelectric plate was fully submerged in water, this work places the plate on the wave surface. This approach serves two purposes: to increase the static pressure difference between the upper surface and lower surface of the plate and to amplify the wave-induced forces. A detailed analysis of strain energy, plate deformation, and electric voltage distribution is also presented.
Fluctuations and correlations in causal set theory
Authors: Moradi Heidar , Yazdi Yasaman K , Zilhão Miguel
Published: January 2025

We study the statistical fluctuations (such as the variance) of causal set quantities, with particular focus on the causal set action. To facilitate calculating such fluctuations, we develop tools to account for correlations between causal intervals with different cardinalities. We present a convenient decomposition of the fluctuations of the causal set action into contributions that depend on different kinds of correlations. This decomposition can be used in causal sets approximated by any spacetime manifold

M

. Our work paves the way for investigating a number of interesting discreteness effects, such as certain aspects of the Everpresent Λ cosmological model.
Adaptive sensor placement selection and response reconstruction for bridge structural health monitoring
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Li Teng , Fu Jiaqi , Yang Yu
Published: January 2025

Bridge structural health monitoring (SHM) measures the real-time responses of bridges via instrumented sensors. This paper focuses on the bridge displacement reconstruction at unmeasured locations of interest (LoIs) using measurements from sensors. Increasing the number of sensors on the bridge can capture more structural information. However, considering the complex structure and scale of bridges, minimizing the number of sensors and selecting the critical sensing locations (CSLs) to place sensors for measurements are significant in bridge SHM. To achieve efficient bridge SHM under limited number of sensors, this paper proposes an adaptive sensor selection and reconstruction neural network for determining the CSLs and reconstructing at all LoIs. In particular, a novel adaptive location selection mechanism as well as a unified network model and its learning process is proposed. In the experiments, the proposed model is validated based on a real-world case study of a long-span bridge in California, USA. Through the comparison of different sensor placement schemes. The experimental results show that the proposed model is effective and accurate in reconstructing the structural displacement responses via adaptive sensor selection for bridge SHM.
Electric field measurements in a He:N2 atmospheric pressure RF plasma jet by E-FISH
Authors: Orel I , Lepikhin N D , Luggenhölscher D , Czarnetzki U
Published: January 2025

The electric field in the bulk of a self-sustained radio frequency atmospheric plasma jet (RF-APPJ) in a helium:nitrogen mixture is measured for the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, by electric field induced second harmonic generation (E-FISH). It is shown that the electric field in the bulk of the RF-APPJ is unexpectedly high, having an amplitude of about 1.6 kV 

cm

−
1

, and that it exhibits a phase shift of approximately

−
0.2
π

relative to the voltage waveform. Both findings are in contrast to low pressure capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs), where the bulk electric field is negligible and the phase shift between the current and the voltage equals approximately to

−
π

/

2

. The electron density in the bulk is estimated from the measured phase shift between the electric field, i.e. the conduction current in the bulk, and the applied voltage by using an equivalent RC-circuit model for the discharge. The measured reduced electric field combined with the estimated electron density in the middle of the jet is used to calibrate the values of excitation rates of the

N

2

(

C

3

Π
u

)

state obtained by phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy in arbitrary units. The results of the electric field measurements are proposed as an input for numerical models or as a benchmark for calculations. Last but not least, special attention was paid to the calibration of the E-FISH measurement in a discharge powered by AC voltage, which takes into account artifacts supposedly caused by the windows of the setup.