bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting urinary frequency after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Uematsu Toshitaka , Torimoto Kazumasa , Tanaka Nobumichi , Asakawa Isao , Hori Shunta , Yamaki Kaori , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Anai Satoshi , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Lower urinary tract symptoms are transiently exacerbated by low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (LDR‐BT) for prostate cancer and recover to pretreatment levels 1 year thereafter. Generally, these symptoms are influenced by temperature. We aimed to search for factors affecting the lower urinary tract symptoms after seed implant including seasons.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 812 patients who underwent LDR‐BT at Nara Medical University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2018 and for whom the International Prostate Symptom Score, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, and frequency volume charts were available. We investigated the relationships between lower urinary tract symptoms, 24‐hours urinary frequency, 24‐hours urinary volume before and after seed implant, radiation dose, and season of seed implant.

Results

The mean age was 69.5 years. The mean prostate volume was 24.2 mL. The International Prostate Symptom Score, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, and 24‐hours urinary frequency increased until 3 months and gradually decreased over 6 months after seed implant. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that 24‐hours urinary frequency at 3 months after seed implant was significantly influenced by external beam radiotherapy, larger prostate volume before implant, higher 24‐hours urinary frequency at baseline, larger 24‐hours urinary volume at 3 months after implant, and performance of implant in summer.

Conclusions

Lower urinary tract symptoms worsened 3 months after seed implant of LDR‐BT regardless of the season of implant. The urinary frequency 3 months after seed implant was slightly lower when seed implant was performed in the summer.
Quantitative shock measurement of olivine in ureilite meteorites
Authors: Li Yaozhu , McCausland Phil J. A. , Flemming Roberta L.
Published: July 2021

Ureilites are the second most abundant achondrite meteorite group, yet they are from an unknown source. They are ultramafic in composition and have undergone thermal metamorphism as well as shock deformation since their formation. In this work, olivine grains from six monomict ureilites, Northwest Africa 7059, Elephant Moraine 96042, Shişr 007 (all ˜shock level S3), Northwest Africa 2221 (S3‐S4), Larkman Nunatak 04315 (S5), and Allan Hills A81101 (˜S6) and one polymict ureilite, Elephant Moraine 87720 (S5), were examined by in situ micro‐X‐ray diffraction (XRD). It is observed in this study that with increasing shock, the samples develop more complicated 2‐D XRD patterns from diffracted spots, to streaks, to asterism, and “spotty” Debye rings, and these patterns correspond to shock metamorphic effects observed by optical microscopy from undulatory extinction to mosaicism and annealing or recrystallization textures. These 2‐D XRD patterns, representing olivine strain‐related mosaicity (SRM), as documented by given lattice planes, were each measured as the sum of the full‐width‐half‐maximum along the Debye ring or χ dimension (∑[FWHMχ]) to quantify the shock‐related deformation recorded in the olivine grains. In each meteorite, all olivine lattice planes show similar measured ∑(FWHMχ) values for the diffraction streaks. This work demonstrates an increasing trend of average ∑(FWHMχ) in degrees of arc, 4.0 ± 1.7°, 4.1 ± 1.4°, 3.7 ± 1.8° (all S3), 4.9 ± 2.1° (S3–S4), 7.0 ± 3.5° (S5), 13.4 ± 5.7° (S6), and 7.5 ± 3.3° (polymict, S5), which agrees well with petrographic observations. This quantitative method contributes to a more comprehensive shock classification system specifically for ureilites, complementing recently published shock classification systems for olivine‐bearing rocks.
Good Minzu and bad Muslims: Islamophobia in China's state media
Authors: Stroup David R.
Published: July 2021

Since 2014, observers of Chinese society have noted an upsurge in Islamophobic sentiment among China's ethnic majority Han. China's Muslims, in particular those who identify as Hui and Uyghur, report an increase in harassment, both online and in person. This Islamophobic backlash occurs in conjunction with retrenchments by the Chinese state on the right to practice religion. What gives rise to this increase in bigotry? This pilot study examines official discourse about Islam through an inductive analysis of the presentation of Muslims in China's state media. Using a process of constant comparative analysis, I examine the state media's portrayal of Muslims in the flagship newspaper, The People's Daily. Drawing from a sample of 70 articles published between 2014 and 2018, I argue that the party's depiction of Muslim minorities in China emphasizes ethnic rather than religious identities, while coverage of global Islam emphasizes Islam as dangerous and associated with extremism. I contend that such depictions carry the unintended consequence of arousing suspicions about China's Muslims among Han.
Managing unusual sensory experiences: A feasibility trial in an At Risk Mental States for psychosis group
Authors: Dodgson Guy , Aynsworth Charlotte , Mitrenga Kaja J. , Gibbs Chistopher , Patton Victoria , Fernyhough Charles , Dudley Robert , Ewels Carina , Leach Louise , Alderson‐Day Ben , Common Stephanie
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To conduct a feasibility study on a new, tablet‐delivered treatment for unusual sensory experiences in service‐users with an At Risk Mental States for psychosis.

Design

A mixed method design was employed, using content analysis to investigate whether service‐users and therapists found the new treatment acceptable and helpful. We also collected data on the impact of treatment, but without a control group could not make any claims about effectiveness.

Methods

Eligible participants were contacted before starting treatment and offered the chance to participate. Assessments were conducted before and after the treatment, which typically was completed in 4–6 sessions by an accredited CBT therapist. A structured interview was used to collect qualitative feedback.

Results

Qualitative feedback suggested that the treatment was acceptable to service‐users and therapists, and the progression criteria were met for recruitment, retention, and adherence to treatment.

Conclusions

The new treatment targeting subtypes of auditory and visual hallucinations was acceptable to service‐users and the benefits of addressing psychological mechanisms thought to contribute to hallucinations was supported by qualitative feedback.

Practitioner points

A novel treatment has been developed for unusual sensory experiences

based on subtyping voices and using technology to help explain psychological mechanisms that may be linked to hallucinations.

The treatment was acceptable to service users and therapists in At Risk Mental States for psychosis services

with qualitative feedback supporting the approach.

The treatment may be particularly useful in preventing the progressions of psychosis

as people who have not developed fixed ideas about the origin of the experiences may be more open to alternative explanations
Review of the current empirical literature on using videoconferencing to deliver individual psychotherapies to adults with mental health problems
Authors: Thomas Neil , McDonald Caity , de Boer Kathleen , Brand Rachel M. , Nedeljkovic Maja , Seabrook Liz
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in a widespread adoption of videoconferencing as a communication medium in mental health service delivery. This review considers the empirical literature to date on using videoconferencing to deliver psychological therapy to adults presenting with mental health problems.

Method

Papers were identified via search of relevant databases. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted and synthesized on uptake, feasibility, outcomes, and participant and therapist experiences.

Results

Videoconferencing has an established evidence base in the delivery of cognitive behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and depression, with prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, and behavioural activation non‐inferior to in‐person delivery. There are large trials reporting efficacy for health anxiety and bulimia nervosa compared with treatment‐as‐usual. Initial studies show applicability of cognitive behavioural therapies for other anxiety and eating disorders and obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders, but there has yet to be study of use in severe and complex mental health problems. Therapists may find it more difficult to judge non‐verbal behaviour, and there may be initial discomfort while adapting to videoconferencing, but client ratings of the therapeutic alliance are similar to in‐person therapy, and videoconferencing may have advantages such as being less confronting. There may be useful opportunities for videoconferencing in embedding therapy delivery within the client’s own environment.

Conclusions

Videoconferencing is an accessible and effective modality for therapy delivery. Future research needs to extend beyond testing whether videoconferencing can replicate in‐person therapy delivery to consider unique therapeutic affordances of the videoconferencing modality.

Practitioner points

Videoconferencing is an efficacious means of delivering behavioural and cognitive therapies to adults with mental health problems.

Trial evidence has established it is no less efficacious than in‐person therapy for prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, and behavioural activation.

While therapists report nonverbal feedback being harder to judge, and clients can take time to adapt to videoconferencing, clients rate the therapeutic alliance and satisfaction similarly to therapy in‐person.

Videoconferencing provides opportunities to integrate therapeutic exercises within the person’s day‐to‐day environment.
Assessing growth, frost tolerance, and acclimation of pine seedlings with contrasted dormancy strategies as influenced by organic nitrogen supply
Authors: Sigala José A. , Oliet Juan A. , Uscola Mercedes
Published: July 2021

Freezing stress is a critical environmental factor affecting survival, distribution, and evolution of plants. Although there is evidence that nitrogen (N) affects frost tolerance of juvenile conifers, the magnitude and direction of such effect can diverge among species. The influence of the N source on frost tolerance has been barely studied. Particularly, how organic N sources could affect the cold acclimation dynamics of seedlings is poorly understood. We studied morpho‐physiological responses to organic N supply (amino acids) in comparison to inorganic N in seedlings of two Mediterranean pine species: Pinus halepensis and P. sylvestris. Fertilization was applied at low and high N doses (30 and 130 mg N seedling−1) in the first growing season. Then, tolerance of seedlings to freezing stress was evaluated through the cold season. This study confirmed that organic N supply promotes growth of both species as effectively as inorganic N sources. At low N availability, seedlings had acute phosphorus deficiencies when grown with inorganic N, but not with organic N. Likewise, high organic‐N availability improved chlorophylls concentration. Both species increased their frost tolerance through time, especially during late autumn. Although organic N supply did not show clear benefits on frost tolerance, it seemed to enhance cold acclimation via increases of compatible solutes, such as soluble sugars and proline, particularly in P. halepensis. Thus, the effects of organic N supply could depend on the extent that such osmolytes contribute to the dormancy strategy of the species. Other species‐specific mechanisms to cope with freezing stress are further discussed.
A rice transcription factor, OsMADS57, positively regulates high salinity tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa plants
Authors: Wu Junyu , Yu Chunyan , Huang Linli , Gan Yinbo
Published: July 2021

MADS‐box transcription factors (TFs) play indispensable roles in various aspects of plant growth, development as well as in response to environmental stresses. Several MADS‐box genes have been reported to be involved in the salt tolerance in different plant species. However, the role of the transcription factor OsMADS57 under salinity stress is still unknown. Here, the results of this study showed that OsMADS57 was mainly expressed in roots and leaves of rice plants (Oryza sativa). Gene expression pattern analysis revealed that OsMADS57 was induced by NaCl. Overexpression of OsMADS57 in both Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) and rice could improve their salt tolerance, which was demonstrated by higher germination rates, longer root length and better growth status of overexpression plants than wild type (WT) under salinity conditions. In contrast, RNA interference (RNAi) lines of rice showed more sensitivity towards salinity. Moreover, less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in OsMADS57 overexpressing lines when exposed to salt stress, as measured by 3, 3′‐diaminobenzidine (DAB) or nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining. Further experiments exhibited that overexpression of OsMADS57 in rice significantly increased the tolerance ability of plants to oxidative damage under salt stress, mainly by increasing the activities of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), reducing malonaldehyde (MDA) content and improving the expression of stress‐related genes. Taken together, these results demonstrated that OsMADS57 plays a positive role in enhancing salt tolerance by activating the antioxidant system.
Measuring design diversity: A new application of Ostrom's rule types
Authors: Dunlop Claire A. , Kamkhaji Jonathan C. , Radaelli Claudio M. , Taffoni Gaia
Published: July 2021

We draw on the Institutional Grammar Tool's rule types to empirically analyze the design of four major procedural regulatory instruments in the 27 member states of the European Union and the UK. They are: consultation, regulatory impact assessment, freedom of information, and the Ombudsman. By adopting the Institutional Grammar Tool as conceptual lens we end up with a single measurement template applicable to a variety of action situations. We derive measures that are conceptually robust and suitable for comparative analysis. With original data gathered on the official legal base in the 28 cases, we carry out principal components analysis. We identify design patterns across countries and instruments; the specialization of each instrument in terms of rule type; and the components that best explain cross‐country variation. In the conclusions we argue that to reframe the design features of the four instruments in conceptual, theoretical categories is not simply a taxonomical exercise but it extends to the territory of comparative policy analysis, practice and reform.
Alpha and broadband high‐frequency activity track task dynamics and predict performance in controlled decision‐making
Authors: Haegens Saskia , Pathak Yagna J. , Smith Elliot H. , Mikell Charles B. , Banks Garrett P. , Yates Mark , Bijanki Kelly R. , Schevon Catherine A. , McKhann Guy M. , Schroeder Charles E. , Sheth Sameer A.
Published: July 2021

Intracranial recordings in human subjects provide a unique, fine‐grained temporal and spatial resolution inaccessible to conventional non‐invasive methods. A prominent signal in these recordings is broadband high‐frequency activity (approx. 70–150 Hz), generally considered to reflect neuronal excitation. Here we explored the use of this broadband signal to track, on a single‐trial basis, the temporal and spatial distribution of task‐engaged areas involved in decision‐making. We additionally focused on the alpha rhythm (8–14 Hz), thought to regulate the (dis)engagement of neuronal populations based on task demands. Using these signals, we characterized activity across cortex using intracranial recordings in patients with intractable epilepsy performing the Multi‐Source Interference Task, a Stroop‐like decision‐making paradigm. We analyzed recordings both from grid electrodes placed over cortical areas including frontotemporal and parietal cortex, and depth electrodes in prefrontal regions, including cingulate cortex. We found a widespread negative relationship between alpha power and broadband activity, substantiating the gating role of alpha in regions beyond sensory/motor cortex. Combined, these signals reflect the spatio‐temporal pattern of task‐engagement, with alpha decrease signifying task‐involved regions and broadband increase temporally locking to specific task aspects, distributed over cortical sites. We report sites that only respond to stimulus presentation or to the decision report and, interestingly, sites that reflect the time‐on‐task. The latter predict the subject’s reaction times on a trial‐by‐trial basis. A smaller subset of sites showed modulation with task condition. Taken together, alpha and broadband signals allow tracking of neuronal population dynamics across cortex on a fine temporal and spatial scale.
Children's and adolescents’ evaluations of peers who challenge their group: The role of gender norms and identity
Authors: McGuire Luke , Palmer Sally B. , Rutland Adam
Published: July 2021

In‐group members who challenge group norms (hereon “challenger peers”) often are evaluated less positively by their peers compared to those who adhere to group norms. In the present study children (n = 118, Mage = 10.01) and adolescents (n = 132, Mage = 13.32; total n = 269) were inducted into a gender‐based group who endorsed an activity norm. Participants evaluated a challenger peer who was either cisgender or transgender. Adolescent girls, compared to girls in childhood, individually evaluated a challenger peer more positively while perceiving their group would be less positive than they themselves would be. In contrast, boys in both childhood and adolescence individually evaluated a challenger peer less positively and believed their group also would. These effects were independent of the challenger peer's gender identity, suggesting that in the context of evaluating a challenger to a stereotypical gender norm, adherence to the norm can take primacy over gender identity.
Quantitative assessment and influence factors of facial wrinkle situation in male construction workers in Beijing
Authors: Ye Zhen‐Zhen , Qin Yao , Chang Xiao‐Dan , Dai Shan , Li Chun‐Ting , Song Qing‐Hua
Published: July 2021

Objective

To investigate current situation of facial wrinkles of male construction workers in Beijing area and to discuss the correlative factors.

Materials and Methods

A total of 149 male construction works and 63 male non‐construction workers in Beijing were required to complete a questionnaire on their exposure to sunlight, dust, noise, and heat in their workplace environment. Their facial wrinkle scores were measured by VISIA Complexion Analysis System. The two‐sample t test, chi‐square test, and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis

Results

The exposure to sunlight, dust, noise, and heat of construction workers was significantly higher than that of non‐construction workers (P < .01). The wrinkle score of construction workers between 20 and 29 years old was significantly higher than that of non‐construction workers (t = 4.077, P < .01). The facial wrinkle score of construction workers(r = 0.657, P < .01) and non‐construction workers (r = 0.681, P < .01) was both positively correlated with age. The wrinkle score of construction workers was related to age, sunlight, and noise(P < .01).

Conclusion

The wrinkle score of male construction workers between 20 and 29 years old is significantly higher than that of non‐construction workers in Beijing. Age, sunlight, and noise were the main influencing factors of wrinkle.
A survey of US hospitals on platelet inventory management, transfusion practice, and platelet availability
Authors: Pandey Suchitra , Belanger Geoffrey A. , Rajbhandary Srijana , Cohn Claudia S. , Benjamin Richard J. , Bracey Arthur W. , Katz Louis M. , Menitove Jay E. , Mintz Paul D. , Gammon Richard R.
Published: July 2021

Background

A survey of US hospitals was conducted to increase our understanding of the current state of platelet (PLT) practice and supply. The survey captures information on transfusion practice and inventory management, including stock levels, outdate rates, ability to return or transfer PLTs, and low dose PLTs. Notably, the survey also elucidates PLT availability challenges and impact to patient care.

Study design and methods

A 27 question online survey was distributed directly to over 995 US hospitals and indirectly through blood centers to many more between September 27 and October 25, 2019. Descriptive statistics were used for respondent characteristics. Bivariate analysis was performed and correlation coefficients, chi square tests, and p values determined statistical significance of relationships between variables.

Results

Four hundred and eighty‐one hospitals completed the survey of which 21.6%, 53.2%, and 25.2% were characterized as small, medium, and large hospitals, respectively. Some key observations from this survey include: (1) there is an opportunity for greater adherence to evidence‐based guidelines; (2) higher outdate rates occur in hospitals stocking less than five PLTs and the ability to return or transfer PLTs lowers outdates; (3) use of low dose apheresis PLTs varies; and (4) decreased PLT availability is commonly reported, especially in hospitals with high usage, and can lead to delays in transfusions or surgeries.

Conclusion

This survey represents a comprehensive national assessment of inventory management practices and PLT availability challenges in US hospitals. Findings from this survey can be used to guide further research, help shape future guidance for industry, and assist with policy decisions.
Human models for COVID‐19 research
Authors: Woodall Maximillian N. J. , Masonou Tereza , Case Katie‐Marie , Smith Claire M.
Published: July 2021

Currently, therapeutics for COVID‐19 are limited. To overcome this, it is important that we use physiologically relevant models to reproduce the pathology of infection and evaluate the efficacy of antiviral drugs. Models of airway infection, including the use of a human infection challenge model or well‐defined, disease relevant in vitro systems can help determine the key components that perpetuate the severity of the disease. Here, we briefly review the human models that are currently being used in COVID‐19 research and drug development

image

.
Predicting Nugget Size of Resistance Spot Welds Using Infrared Thermal Videos With Image Segmentation and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Guo Shenghan , Wang Dali , Chen Jian , Feng Zhili , Guo Weihong “Grace”
Published: July 2021

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is a widely adopted joining technique in automotive industry. Recent advancement in sensing technology makes it possible to collect thermal videos of the weld nugget during RSW using an infrared (IR) camera. The effective and timely analysis of such thermal videos has the potential of enabling in situ nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of the weld nugget by predicting nugget thickness and diameter. Deep learning (DL) has demonstrated to be effective in analyzing imaging data in many applications. However, the thermal videos in RSW present unique data-level challenges that compromise the effectiveness of most pre-trained DL models. We propose a novel image segmentation method for handling the RSW thermal videos to improve the prediction performance of DL models in RSW. The proposed method transforms raw thermal videos into spatial-temporal instances in four steps: video-wise normalization, removal of uninformative images, watershed segmentation, and spatial-temporal instance construction. The extracted spatial-temporal instances serve as the input data for training a DL-based NDE model. The proposed method is able to extract high-quality data with spatial-temporal correlations in the thermal videos, while being robust to the impact of unknown surface emissivity. Our case studies demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better prediction of nugget thickness and diameter than predicting without the transformation.
A Multiple Regression Convolutional Neural Network for Estimating Multi-Parameters Based on Overall Data in the Inverse Heat Transfer Problem
Authors: Zhu Feiding , Chen Jincheng , Han Yuge
Published: July 2021

The inverse heat transfer problem (IHTP) is a central task for estimating parameters in heat transfer. It is ill-posedness that is characterized by instability and non-uniqueness of the solution. Recently, novel algorithms using deep learning (DL) and neural networks have been applied to various sparse data in the IHTP. In order to overcome the optimization problem of input nodes under sparse data, we try to use the overall data of the target as the basis for inversion. In this work, we used a multiple regression convolutional neural network (MRCNN) to estimate multi-parameters in the IHTP. Computational fluid dynamics and DL are fused to provide datasets for training of the proposed model. The proposed model was verified by experiments with a cubic cavity. Additionally, the MRCNN model was used to predict the different parameters of the more complex armored vehicle model. The results showed that the model has good prediction accuracy for estimating multi-parameters on different datasets. These attempts of introducing convolutional neural network to the IHTP in the present study were successful and it was significant for the study of the IHTP of estimating multi-parameters.
Coulomb scattering in the Born approximation and the use of generalized functions
Authors: Collas Peter
Published: July 2021

We discuss three approaches that have been used in obtaining the Born approximation for Coulomb scattering: the standard approach, making use of a convergence factor (“screening”), Oppenheimer's approach using cylindrical (instead of spherical) coordinates, and finally the Landau and Lifshitz approach. We simplify and clarify Oppenheimer's calculation, which has been rarely used because of its complications, and make the Landau and Lifshitz method rigorous. Although the latter method does require some background from the theory of generalized functions, it is nevertheless a very instructive and important technique deserving more exposure to instructors and theoretical physicists in general.
Comment on “A magnetic velocity Verlet method” [Am. J. Phys. 88, 1075 (2020)]
Authors: Chin Siu A.
Published: July 2021

The implicit midpoint method described by Chambliss and Franklin [Am. J. Phys. 88, 1075 (2020)] is known not to exactly conserve energy for a spatially varying magnetic field, nor does it conserve angular momentum in a constant magnetic field. It is, therefore, not competitive with the widely used Boris solver in plasma physics, which conserves both.
Constrained TCRγδ-associated Syk activity engages PI3K to facilitate thymic development of IL-17A–secreting γδ T cells
Authors: Sumaria Nital , Martin Stefania , Pennington Daniel J.
Published: July 2021

Thymic development of IL-17A–secreting γδ T cells requires TCR signal strength within a limited range.
Oxygen-dependent changes in binding partners and post-translational modifications regulate the abundance and activity of HIF-1α/2α
Authors: Daly Leonard A. , Brownridge Philip J. , Batie Michael , Rocha Sonia , Sée Violaine , Eyers Claire E.
Published: July 2021

The oxygen-dependent regulation of hypoxia-inducible factors is more complex than previously appreciated.
The Interspecific Fungal Hybrid
Verticillium longisporum
Displays Subgenome-Specific Gene Expression
Authors: Depotter Jasper R. L. , van Beveren Fabian , Rodriguez-Moreno Luis , Kramer H. Martin , Chavarro Carrero Edgar A. , Fiorin Gabriel L. , van den Berg Grardy C. M. , Wood Thomas A. , Thomma Bart P. H. J. , Seidl Michael F.
Published: July 2021

Verticillium
is a genus of plant-associated fungi that includes a few plant pathogens that collectively affect a wide range of hosts. On several occasions, haploid
Verticillium
species hybridized into the stable allodiploid species
Verticillium longisporum
, which is, in contrast to haploid
Verticillium
species, a Brassicaceae specialist.
Epstein-Barr Virus Induced Cytidine Metabolism Roles in Transformed B-Cell Growth and Survival
Authors: Liang Jin Hua , Wang Chong , Yiu Stephanie Pei Tung , Zhao Bo , Guo Rui , Gewurz Benjamin E.
Published: July 2021

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with 200,000 cancers annually, including B-cell lymphomas in immunosuppressed hosts. Hypomorphic mutations of the
de novo
pyrimidine synthesis pathway enzyme cytidine 5′ triphosphate synthase 1 (CTPS1) suppress cell-mediated immunity, resulting in fulminant EBV infection and EBV
+
central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas.
Specificity of NifEN and VnfEN for the Assembly of Nitrogenase Active Site Cofactors in Azotobacter vinelandii
Authors: Pérez-González Ana , Jimenez-Vicente Emilio , Gies-Elterlein Jakob , Salinero-Lanzarote Alvaro , Yang Zhi-Yong , Einsle Oliver , Seefeldt Lance C. , Dean Dennis R.
Published: July 2021

Biological nitrogen fixation is a complex process involving the nitrogenases. The biosynthesis of an active nitrogenase involves a large number of genes and the coordinated function of their products.
Differential Analysis of Longitudinal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Relation to Microbial Shifts in the Nasal Microbiome of Neonatal Piglets
Authors: Patel Shriram , Vlasblom Abel A. , Verstappen Koen M. , Zomer Aldert L. , Fluit Ad C. , Rogers Malbert R. C. , Wagenaar Jaap A. , Claesson Marcus J. , Duim Birgitta
Published: July 2021

The large reservoir of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) in pig farms imposes a significant zoonotic risk. An effective strategy to reduce MRSA colonization in pig farms is competitive exclusion whereby MRSA colonization can be reduced by the action of competing bacterial species.
Association between Human Genetic Variants and the Vaginal Bacteriome of Pregnant Women
Authors: Fan Wei , Kan Hui , Liu Hai-Yan , Wang Tian-Lei , He Yi-Ning , Zhang Miao , Li Ya-Xin , Li Yi-Jie , Meng Wei , Li Qing , Hu An-Qun , Zheng Ying-Jie
Published: July 2021

Knowledge about the influence of host genetics on the vaginal bacteriome in pregnancy is still limited. Although a number of environmental and behavioral factors may exert influences on the structure of vaginal bacterial communities, the vaginal bacteriome often undergoes a relatively fixed transition to a more stable and less diverse state as the menstrual cycle stops, which raises questions on the effects of human genetics.
Activity-Based Cell Sorting Reveals Resistance of Functionally Degenerate
Nitrospira
during a Press Disturbance in Nitrifying Activated Sludge
Authors: Madill Maxwell B. W. , Luo Yaqian , Sampara Pranav , Ziels Ryan M.
Published: July 2021

Nitrogen removal from activated sludge wastewater treatment systems is an energy-intensive process due to the large aeration requirement for nitrification. This energy footprint could be minimized with engineering control strategies that wash out nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) to limit oxygen demands.
Supplemental Material: Linking rivers to the rock record: Channel patterns and paleocurrent circular variance
Authors: Galeazzi Cristiano , al. et
Published: July 2021

River data, data sources and details of morphometric measurements, calculation of circular paleocurrent variance and error propagation.
Supplemental Material: The unevenness of the north Iberian crustal root, a snapshot of an elusive stage in margin reactivation
Authors: Fernandez-Viejo Gabriela , al. et
Published: July 2021

Detailed description of the autocorrelogram calculation methodology and complete Moho depth estimations and errors.
Care bundles to reduce unplanned extubation in critically ill children: a systematic review, critical appraisal and meta-analysis
Authors: da Silva Paulo Sergio Lucas , Reis Maria Eunice , Farah Daniela , Andrade Teresa Raquel M , Fonseca Marcelo Cunio Machado
Published: July 2021

Objective

To assess the current evidence for the efficacy of care bundles in reducing unplanned extubations (UEs) in critically ill children.

Design

Systematic review according to the Cochrane guidelines and meta-analysis using random-effects modelling.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane and SciELO databases from inception until April 2021. We conducted a quality appraisal for each study using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) V.2.0 checklist.

Main outcome

The primary outcome measure was UE rates per 100 intubation days.

Results

We screened 10 091 records and finally included 11 studies. Six studies were pre/post-intervention studies, and five were interrupted time-series studies. The methodological quality was ‘good’ in 70%, and the remaining as ‘fair’ (30%). The most frequently used implementation strategies were staff education (100%), root cause analysis (100%), and audit and feedback (82%). Key bundle care components comprised identification of high-risk patients, endotracheal tube care and sedation protocol. Not all studies fully completed the SQUIRE V.2.0 checklist. Meta-analysis revealed a reduction in UE rate following the introduction of care bundles (rate ratio: 0.40 (95% CI: 0.19 to 0.84); p=0.02), which equates to a 60% reduction in UE rates.

Conclusions

We found that identifying high-risk patients, endotracheal tube care and protocol-directed sedation are core elements in care bundles for preventing UEs. However, there are several methodological gaps in the literature, including poor evaluation of adherence to bundle components. Future studies should address these gaps to strengthen their validity.
Larynx lymphoepithelial carcinoma: surgical management
Authors: Galletti Cosimo , Pizzimenti Cristina , Cavallari Vittorio , Galletti Bruno
Published: July 2021

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) is an entity mostly frequent in the nasopharynx, which represents 40% of all neoplasms. The incidence’s not exclusive of a geographic area; however, it has an endemic distribution in Southeast Asia and Eskimos. LEC is not exclusive of the nasopharynx, has also been reported in other anatomical areas, such as the sinonasal tract, nasolacrimal duct, oral cavity, oropharynx, salivary glands, thymus, hypopharynx, oesophagus, stomach, trachea, lung and others. Non-nasopharyngeal and nasopharyngeal LEC have the same microscopic features, but the nasopharyngeal is more likely associated with Epstein-Barr virus. LEC has been approved by the WHO. LEC located in the larynx is quite rare and worthy of attention for its implication in the treatment and prognosis. We present a case of LEC treated in our ENT department in a middle-aged man.
Hepatic parasitic abscess resistant to traditional anthelmintics: difficulty of diagnosis and treatment of fascioliasis in the USA
Authors: Lee Roland Y , White Rachel V , Shin Benjamin J , Collins Belinda G
Published: July 2021

We report a case of human fascioliasis in the USA that encountered many diagnostic uncertainties. Numerous tests available for detection of fascioliasis were utilised but the diagnosis remained elusive. Confounders included three negative stool ova and parasite examinations, positive hepatitis A virus IgM antibody, cross-reactive false-positiveEchinococcusIgG antibody, absence of characteristic image findings and unrevealing liver biopsy. Praziquantel was started as empiric treatment for helminth infections, but was ineffective. Due to the rarity of the disease in the USA, serologic testing and triclabendazole were only available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which led to a delay in diagnosis and treatment.
Acute reversible mitral regurgitation: a rare complication of TAVR
Authors: Aedma Surya Kiran , Mahajan Pranav , Naik Anant , Adoni Naveed
Published: July 2021

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is becoming the standard of care in the management of severe aortic stenosis for patients in all risk stratifications. Many causes have been identified for acute drop in blood pressure during TAVR. Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a rare, but important acute intraprocedural complication that requires rapid assessment and treatment. Two important reasons for acute MR during TAVR include entanglement of the guide wire in papillary muscles and extension of the guidewire into the left atrium. Here, we report a case of acute reversible MR which was assessed using an echocardiogram and rapidly reversed by removing the stiff preshaped Safari2wire from the left ventricle post valve deployment.
Netherton syndrome associated toCandida parapsilosisotomycosis
Authors: Merad Yassine , Derrar Hichem , Ouldsaid Karima , Benallel Khadija
Published: July 2021

A 7-year-old girl born to consanguineous parents, had recurrent erythroderma since birth; she presented with intractable pruritus, scaling, dry skin and eczematous lesions, associated to fingers and toes onychogryphosis, along with refractory otitis. The hair was sparse and brittle, the simple light microscopic examination of hair shaft revealed a pathognomonic Bamboo aspect (trichorrehxis invaginata) and ear swab culture revealedCandida parapsilosisas otitis agent. Due to the lack of genetic routine testing, children with recalcitrant erythroderma and otitis, along with hair shaft abnormalities, need to be evaluated for Netherton syndrome.
Schizotypal personality disorder disguised as dissociative identity disorder
Authors: Kaplan Alexander M , Smith Colin M
Published: July 2021

A 20-year-old man was admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit for self-professed dissociative identity disorder. His presentation of multiple personalities without amnesia, dissociation or depersonalisation led to further examination of personality and cultural factors that may contribute to this uncommon presentation. Careful clinical investigation supported a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder with elements of fantastical thinking influenced by media presentations of dissociative identity disorder.
Subcapsular hepatic haematoma in a pregnancy complicated by chronic hypertension
Authors: Rodrigues-Martins Diana , Soares Sandra , Soares Paulo , Guedes-Martins Luís
Published: July 2021

Subcapsular haematoma of the liver in pregnancy is a rare complication, however life-threatening for both mother and fetus. Although it is usually associated with pre-eclampsia, a wide range of presentations can occur. Given its consequences, early diagnosis and management are essential for a successful outcome. Due to paucity of evidence, there is no current guidelines on this topic. Our aim is to add a new insight into diagnosis and management of subcapsular hepatic haematoma in pregnancy, for which new technologies in the fields of image, and minimal invasive surgery are playing an important role.
Masquerade: an unusual presentation of gall bladder perforation as umbilical fistula
Authors: Victor Naveen Sundaram , Paul Negine , Munjurpattu Aparna Jagannathan , Raju Ravish Sanghi
Published: July 2021

A 75-year-old woman presented with intermittent abdominal pain and distention for 2 months, followed by purulent discharge from the umbilicus for ten days. She was evaluated and diagnosed to have perforation of the gall bladder leading to formation of an anterior abdominal wall abscess which presented as an umbilical fistula. She underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy along with lay open of abscess in the falciform ligament and curettage of the umbilical fistula tract. She had an uneventful postoperative recovery.
Safety of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing in individuals with sickle cell disease: a systematic review
Authors: Smith Kellsey N , Baynard Tracy , Fischbach Peter S , Hankins Jane S , Hsu Lewis L , Murphy Peggy M , Ness Kiri K , Radom-Aizik Shlomit , Tang Amy , Liem Robert I
Published: July 2021

Objective

We evaluated the safety of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). Maximal CPET using gas exchange analysis is the gold standard for measuring cardiopulmonary fitness in the laboratory, yet its safety in the SCD population is unclear.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

Systematic search of Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov and professional society websites for all published studies and abstracts through December 2020.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Two reviewers independently extracted data of interest from studies that assessed safety outcomes of maximal CPET in children and adults with SCD. A modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess for risk of bias in studies included.

Results

In total, 24 studies met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Adverse events were reported separately or as part of study results in 36 (3.8%) of 939 participants with SCD undergoing maximal CPET in studies included. Most adverse events were related to transient ischaemic changes on ECG monitoring or oxygen desaturation during testing, which did not result in arrhythmias or other complications. Only 4 (0.43%) of 939 participants experienced pain events due to maximal CPET.

Conclusion

Maximal CPET appears to be a safe testing modality in children and adults with SCD and can be used to better understand the physiological basis of reduced exercise capacity and guide exercise prescription in this population. Some studies did not focus on reporting adverse events related to exercise testing or failed to mention safety monitoring, which contributed to risk of bias.
Photopic negative response (PhNR) in the diagnosis and monitoring of raised intracranial pressure in children: a prospective cross-sectional and longitudinal protocol
Authors: Marmoy Oliver Rajesh , Hodson-Tole Emma , Thompson Dorothy Ann
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Raised intracranial pressure (rICP) can be a consequence of a variety of neurological disorders. A significant complication of rICP is visual impairment, due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction. In children, subjective measurements to monitor this, such as visual field examination, are challenging. Therefore, objective measurements offer promising alternatives for monitoring these effects. The photopic negative response (PhNR) is a component of the flash electroretinogram produced by RGCs; the cells directly affected in rICP-related vision loss. This project aims to assess the clinical feasibility and diagnostic efficacy of the PhNR in detecting and monitoring paediatric rICP.

Methods and analysis

Section 1 is a cross-sectional study; group 1 young persons with disorders associated with rICP and a comparator group 2 of age-matched children without rICP. Both groups will undergo a PhNR recording alongside a series of structural and functional ophthalmic investigations, with the rICP group also having measurement of intracranial pressure.

Section 2 is a longitudinal study of the relationship between the PhNR and directly recorded intracranial pressure measurements, through repeated measures. PhNR amplitudes and peak times will be assessed against optical coherence tomography parameters, mean deviation of visual fields, other electrophysiology and ICP measurement through regression analyses.

Group differences between PhNR measurements in the rICP and control groups will be performed to determine clinically relevant cut-off values and calculation of diagnostic accuracy. Longitudinal analysis will assess PhNR amplitude against ICP measurements through regression analysis. Feasibility and efficacy will be measured through acceptability, practicality and sensitivity outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

Favourable opinion from a research ethics committee has been received and the study approved by Manchester Metropolitan University, the Health Research Authority and the Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (GOS-ICH) Research and Development office. This project is being undertaken as a doctoral award (ORM) with findings written for academic thesis submission, peer-reviewed journal and conference publications.
Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training for weight loss in adults with obesity: a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: D'Amuri Andrea , Sanz Juana Maria , Capatti Eleonora , Di Vece Francesca , Vaccari Filippo , Lazzer Stefano , Zuliani Giovanni , Dalla Nora Edoardo , Passaro Angelina
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Obesity treatment guidelines suggest moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), but the patient’s compliance to this indication remains low. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time sparing training mode whose metabolic effects are not clear. This study aimed to determine whether a 12-week HIIT was more effective than MICT for weight loss in obese adults.

Methods

44 obese subjects were randomised and trained with isoenergetic treadmill exercises for 12 weeks: MICT (60% of maximal oxygen peak, VO2peak) or HIIT (3–7 repetition of 3 min 100% of VO2peak interspersed by 1.5 min 50% of VO2peak). The primary outcome was a change in body weight; the secondary outcomes were changes in body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, glycaemia, insulin and VO2peak.

Results

32 subjects (53% male, mean age: 38.5 years, mean body mass index: 35.5 kg/m2) completed the trial. MICT and HIIT showed comparable effect within groups in weight loss (−6.0 kg (−9.0 kg to −3.0 kg) vs −5.7 kg (−8.3 kg to −3.1 kg)), changes in fat mass (−2.9% (−4.4% to −1.4%) vs −3.6% (−5.9% to −1.2%)), fat free mass (−5.3% (−7.8% to −2.8%) vs −5.5% (−8.3% to −2.6%)), diastolic blood pressure (−5.5 mm Hg (−10.6 mm Hg to −0.3 mm Hg) vs −5.8 mm Hg (−11.3 mm Hg to −0.3 mm Hg)) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−16.4 mg/dL (−30.8 mg/dL to −2.0 mg/dL) vs −14.7 mg/dL (−25.6 mg/dL to −3.8 mg/dL)). There was a significant change between groups in VO2peak (HIIT: +461.6 mL (329.3‒593.8 mL); MICT: +170.5 mL (86.7–254.4 mL); p<0001) and duration of sessions (HIIT: 35.0 min (31.7 ‒35.6 min); MICT: 46.5 min (40.2‒48.3 min); p<0.001). No significant changes in systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glycaemia or plasma insulin were observed.

Conclusions

In healthy adults with obesity, HIIT compared with MICT induced similar weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors improvement but resulted in a larger increase in cardiorespiratory fitness over a shorter period.