bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of D2 receptor specific binding in obese and normal‐weight individuals using PET with (N‐[11C]methyl)benperidol
Authors: Eisenstein Sarah A. , Antenor‐Dorsey Jo Ann V. , Gredysa Danuta M. , Koller Jonathan M. , Bihun Emily C. , Ranck Samantha A. , ArbelÁez Ana Maria , Klein Samuel , Perlmutter Joel S. , Moerlein Stephen M. , Black Kevin J. , Hershey Tamara
Published: May 2013

Previous PET imaging studies have demonstrated mixed findings regarding dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in obese relative to nonobese humans. Nonspecific D2/D3 radioligands do not allow for separate estimation of D2 receptor (D2R) and D3 receptor (D3R) subtypes of the D2 receptor family, which may play different roles in behavior and are distributed differently throughout the brain. These radioligands are also displaceable by endogenous dopamine, confounding interpretation of differences in receptor availability with differing levels of dopamine release. The present study used PET imaging with the D2R‐selective radioligand (N‐[11C] methyl)benperidol ([11C]NMB), which is nondisplaceable by endogenous dopamine, to estimate D2R specific binding (BPND) and its relationship to body mass index (BMI) and age in 15 normal‐weight (mean BMI = 22.6 kg/m2) and 15 obese (mean BMI = 40.3 kg/m2) men and women. Subjects with illnesses or taking medications that interfere with dopamine signaling were excluded. Striatal D2R BPND was calculated using the Logan graphical method with cerebellum as a reference region. D2R BPND estimates were higher in putamen and caudate relative to nucleus accumbens, but did not differ between normal‐weight and obese groups. BMI values did not correlate with D2R BPND. Age was negatively correlated with putamen D2R BPND in both groups. These results suggest that altered D2R specific binding is not involved in the pathogenesis of obesity per se and underscore the need for additional studies evaluating the relationship between D3R, dopamine reuptake, or endogenous dopamine release and human obesity. Synapse 67:748–756, 2013.. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mathematizing Read‐Alouds in Three Easy Steps
Authors: Hintz Allison , Smith Antony T.
Published: May 2013

Discussing and exploring concepts is an important element of literacy and mathematics instruction in elementary classrooms. Read‐alouds provide an opportunity for teachers to engage students in meaningful discussion. This article describes a quick three‐step process for mathematizing books, that is, weaving together read‐alouds, discussion, and mathematics in order to maximize student learning using a variety of literary and informational texts. A planning sheet, list of example books, and samples of student work are included.
Mono‐oxo‐bis‐dithioveratrol‐molybdate – in Solution a Model for Arsenite Oxidase and in the Solid State a Coordination Polymer with Unprecedented Binding Motifs
Authors: Döring Alexander , Fischer Christian , Schulzke Carola
Published: May 2013

Mono‐oxo‐bis‐dithioveratrol‐molybdate was synthesized, structurally characterized, and investigated with respect to its oxo‐transfer activity. The latter was compared with the activity of the analogous tungsten complex. The title complex is a structural model for molybdopterin bearing arsenite oxidase and both complexes catalyze oxo‐transfer reactions successfully to 100 % conversion. With the dithioveratrol ligand the oxidation of triphenylphosphine proved to be faster for the tungsten complex, which is untypical. The solid‐state structure of the molybdenum complex exhibits an unexpected and very unusual polymeric structural motif consisting of the complex anion mono‐oxo‐bis‐dithioveratrol‐molybdate, sodium cations, and methanol. Infinite double‐decker strands are formed with sodium bridges between the ether functions of two ligands in one strand and the Mo=O moiety of the second strand.
Community-Partnered Cluster-Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Community Engagement and Planning or Resources for Services to Address Depression Disparities
Authors: Wells Kenneth B. , Jones Loretta , Chung Bowen , Dixon Elizabeth L. , Tang Lingqi , Gilmore Jim , Sherbourne Cathy , Ngo Victoria K. , Ong Michael K. , Stockdale Susan , Ramos Esmeralda , Belin Thomas R. , Miranda Jeanne
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND

Depression contributes to disability and there are ethnic/racial disparities in access and outcomes of care. Quality improvement (QI) programs for depression in primary care improve outcomes relative to usual care, but health, social and other community-based service sectors also support clients in under-resourced communities. Little is known about effects on client outcomes of strategies to implement depression QI across diverse sectors.

OBJECTIVE

To compare the effectiveness of Community Engagement and Planning (CEP) and Resources for Services (RS) to implement depression QI on clients’ mental health-related quality of life (HRQL) and services use.

DESIGN

Matched programs from health, social and other service sectors were randomized to community engagement and planning (promoting inter-agency collaboration) or resources for services (individual program technical assistance plus outreach) to implement depression QI toolkits in Hollywood-Metro and South Los Angeles.

PARTICIPANTS

From 93 randomized programs, 4,440 clients were screened and of 1,322 depressed by the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) and providing contact information, 1,246 enrolled and 1,018 in 90 programs completed baseline or 6-month follow-up.

MEASURES

Self-reported mental HRQL and probable depression (primary), physical activity, employment, homelessness risk factors (secondary) and services use.

RESULTS

CEP was more effective than RS at improving mental HRQL, increasing physical activity and reducing homelessness risk factors, rate of behavioral health hospitalization and medication visits among specialty care users (i.e. psychiatrists, mental health providers) while increasing depression visits among users of primary care/public health for depression and users of faith-based and park programs (each p < 0.05). Employment, use of antidepressants, and total contacts were not significantly affected (each p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Community engagement to build a collaborative approach to implementing depression QI across diverse programs was more effective than resources for services for individual programs in improving mental HRQL, physical activity and homelessness risk factors, and shifted utilization away from hospitalizations and specialty medication visits toward primary care and other sectors, offering an expanded health-home model to address multiple disparities for depressed safety-net clients.
Wernicke's encephalopathy after chemoradiotherapy for tongue cancer: Report of a case
Authors: Kawabe Mutsuki , Noguchi Kazuma , Kishimoto Hiromitsu , Urade Masahiro
Published: May 2013

A case of acute Wernicke’s encephalopathy induced by thiamine deficiency due to malnutrition subsequent to chemoradiotherapy for tongue cancer is presented. A 63‐year‐old male patient had severe oral mucositis and mental stress in a long‐term hospitalization for chemoradiotherapy of tongue cancer. After discharge from hospital, he had alcoholism and malnutrition. Three months later, disturbance of consciousness and ataxia followed by memory disturbance appeared. Laboratory examination revealed low serum level of thiamine. The symptoms, laboratory data, and magnetic resonance imaging suggested acute Wernicke’s encephalopathy. The patient was intravenously administered thiamine and received nutritional control, thereby the symptoms were improved.
On the role of thermal backbone fluctuations in myoglobin ligand gate dynamics
Authors: Krokhotin Andrey , Niemi Antti J. , Peng Xubiao
Published: May 2013

We construct an energy function that describes the crystallographic structure of sperm whale myoglobin backbone. As a model in our construction, we use the Protein Data Bank entry 1ABS that has been measured at liquid helium temperature. Consequently, the thermal B-factor fluctuations are very small, which is an advantage in our construction. The energy function that we utilize resembles that of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Likewise, ours supports topological solitons as local minimum energy configurations. We describe the 1ABS backbone in terms of topological solitons with a precision that deviates from 1ABS by an average root-mean-square distance, which is less than the experimentally observed Debye-Waller B-factor fluctuation distance. We then subject the topological multi-soliton solution to extensive numerical heating and cooling experiments, over a very wide range of temperatures. We concentrate in particular to temperatures above 300 K and below the Θ-point unfolding temperature, which is around 348 K. We confirm that the behavior of the topological multi-soliton is fully consistent with Anfinsen's thermodynamic principle, up to very high temperatures. We observe that the structure responds to an increase of temperature consistently in a very similar manner. This enables us to characterize the onset of thermally induced conformational changes in terms of three distinct backbone ligand gates. One of the gates is made of the helix F and the helix E. The two other gates are chosen similarly, when open they provide a direct access route for a ligand to reach the heme. We find that out of the three gates we investigate, the one which is formed by helices B and G is the most sensitive to thermally induced conformational changes. Our approach provides a novel perspective to the important problem of ligand entry and exit.
Light-induced electronic non-equilibrium in plasmonic particles
Authors: Kornbluth Mordechai , Nitzan Abraham , Seideman Tamar
Published: May 2013

We consider the transient non-equilibrium electronic distribution that is created in a metal nanoparticle upon plasmon excitation. Following light absorption, the created plasmons decohere within a few femtoseconds, producing uncorrelated electron-hole pairs. The corresponding non-thermal electronic distribution evolves in response to the photo-exciting pulse and to subsequent relaxation processes. First, on the femtosecond timescale, the electronic subsystem relaxes to a Fermi-Dirac distribution characterized by an electronic temperature. Next, within picoseconds, thermalization with the underlying lattice phonons leads to a hot particle in internal equilibrium that subsequently equilibrates with the environment. Here we focus on the early stage of this multistep relaxation process, and on the properties of the ensuing non-equilibrium electronic distribution. We consider the form of this distribution as derived from the balance between the optical absorption and the subsequent relaxation processes, and discuss its implication for (a) heating of illuminated plasmonic particles, (b) the possibility to optically induce current in junctions, and (c) the prospect for experimental observation of such light-driven transport phenomena.
Probability of double-strand breaks in genome-sized DNA by γ-ray decreases markedly as the DNA concentration increases
Authors: Shimobayashi Shunsuke F. , Iwaki Takafumi , Mori Toshiaki , Yoshikawa Kenichi
Published: May 2013

By use of the single-molecule observation, we count the number of DNA double-strand breaks caused by γ-ray irradiation with genome-sized DNA molecules (166 kbp). We find that P1, the number of double-strand breaks (DSBs) per base pair per unit Gy, is nearly inversely proportional to the DNA concentration above a certain threshold DNA concentration. The inverse relationship implies that the total number of DSBs remains essentially constant. We give a theoretical interpretation of our experimental results in terms of attack of reactive species upon DNA molecules, indicating the significance of the characteristics of genome-sized giant DNA as semiflexible polymers for the efficiency of DSBs.
Homopolymer adsorption on periodically structured surfaces in systems with incommensurable lengths
Authors: Behringer Hans , Gemünden Patrick
Published: May 2013

Surface-induced selective adsorption of homopolymers on a generic level is numerically analyzed for freely jointed chains (with a fixed bond length) whose monomers are attracted by the sites of regular periodic patterns. In particular, the behavior of the specific heat, the gyration tensor, and the bond order tensor are investigated as functions of the temperature. The properties of the transition are related to the interplay of the characteristic lengths. The adsorption proceeds in two steps for certain incommensurabilities of the bond length and the lattice constant. The corresponding adsorption mechanisms are elucidated by looking at the evolution of the inter bond angle distribution upon adsorption. Moreover, the origin of two steps in contrast to adsorption in one step is traced back to entropic restrictions caused by a strongly reduced phase space of the polymer for certain values of the incommensurability.
Beryllium liner implosion experiments on the Z accelerator in preparation for magnetized liner inertial fusion
Authors: McBride R. D. , Martin M. R. , Lemke R. W. , Greenly J. B. , Jennings C. A. , Rovang D. C. , Sinars D. B. , Cuneo M. E. , Herrmann M. C. , Slutz S. A. , Nakhleh C. W. , Ryutov D. D. , Davis J.-P. , Flicker D. G. , Blue B. E. , Tomlinson K. , Schroen D. , Stamm R. M. , Smith G. E. , Moore J. K. , Rogers T. J. , Robertson G. K. , Kamm R. J. , Smith I. C. , Savage M. , Stygar W. A. , Rochau G. A. , Jones M. , Lopez M. R. , Porter J. L. , Matzen M. K.
Published: May 2013

Multiple experimental campaigns have been executed to study the implosions of initially solid beryllium (Be) liners (tubes) on the Z pulsed-power accelerator. The implosions were driven by current pulses that rose from 0 to 20 MA in either 100 or 200 ns (200 ns for pulse shaping experiments). These studies were conducted in support of the recently proposed Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion concept [Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)], as well as for exploring novel equation-of-state measurement techniques. The experiments used thick-walled liners that had an aspect ratio (initial outer radius divided by initial wall thickness) of either 3.2, 4, or 6. From these studies, we present three new primary results. First, we present radiographic images of imploding Be liners, where each liner contained a thin aluminum sleeve for enhancing the contrast and visibility of the liner's inner surface in the images. These images allow us to assess the stability of the liner's inner surface more accurately and more directly than was previously possible. Second, we present radiographic images taken early in the implosion (prior to any motion of the liner's inner surface) of a shockwave propagating radially inward through the liner wall. Radial mass density profiles from these shock compression experiments are contrasted with profiles from experiments where the Z accelerator's pulse shaping capabilities were used to achieve shockless (“quasi-isentropic”) liner compression. Third, we present “micro-Ḃ” measurements of azimuthal magnetic field penetration into the initially vacuum-filled interior of a shocked liner. Our measurements and simulations reveal that the penetration commences shortly after the shockwave breaks out from the liner's inner surface. The field then accelerates this low-density “precursor” plasma to the axis of symmetry.
Time-dependent quantum wave packet study of the Ar+H2+→ArH++H reaction on a new ab initio potential energy surface for the ground electronic state (12A′)
Authors: Hu Mei , Xu Wenwu , Liu Xinguo , Tan Ruishan , Li Hongzheng
Published: May 2013

A new global potential energy surface for the ground electronic state (12A′) of the Ar+H2+→ArH++H reaction has been constructed by multi-reference configuration interaction method with Davidson correction and a basis set of aug-cc-pVQZ. Using 6080 ab initio single-point energies of all the regions for the dynamics, a many-body expansion function form has been used to fit these points. The quantum reactive scattering dynamics calculations taking into account the Coriolis coupling (CC) were carried out on the new potential energy surface over a range of collision energies (0.03–1.0 eV). The reaction probabilities and integral cross sections for the title reaction were calculated. The significance of including the CC quantum scattering calculation has been revealed by the comparison between the CC and the centrifugal sudden approximation calculation. The calculated cross section is in agreement with the experimental result at collision energy 1.0 eV.
Relativistic energy-consistent pseudopotentials for superheavy elements 119 and 120 including quantum electrodynamic effects
Authors: Hangele Tim , Dolg Michael , Schwerdtfeger Peter
Published: May 2013

Relativistic energy-consistent pseudopotentials for the superheavy elements with nuclear charges 119 and 120 replacing 92 electrons of a [Xe]4f 145d105f 14 core were adjusted to relativistic multi-configuration Dirac–Coulomb–Breit finite nucleus all-electron reference data including lowest-order quantum electrodynamic effects, i.e., vacuum polarization and electron self-energy. The parameters were fitted by two-component multi-configuration Hartree–Fock calculations in the intermediate coupling scheme to the total valence energies of 131 to 140 relativistic states arising from 31 to 33 nonrelativistic configurations covering also anionic and highly ionized states, with mean absolute errors for the nonrelativistic configurations below 0.01 eV. Primitive basis sets for one- and two-component calculations with errors below 0.02 and 0.03 eV to the Hartree–Fock limit, respectively, as well as general contractions of these basis sets with double- to quadruple-zeta quality were obtained. Atomic highly correlated test calculations using the Fock-space coupled-cluster method yield for valence excitation energies and ionization potentials mean absolute errors of 26 cm−1 and 59 cm−1, respectively. Correlated and uncorrelated molecular test calculations show deficiencies below 0.005 Å for the bond lengths and 3 N m−1 for the force constants.
Magnetic piston model for higher ion charge and different electron and ion plasma temperatures
Authors: Bogatu I. N.
Published: May 2013

A new formula for the magnetic piston model, which explicitly describes how the momentum imparted to the ions by the magnetic pressure depends not only on the ion mass but also on the ion charge, as well as, on the plasma electron and ion temperatures, is derived following Rosenbluth's classical particle-field self-consistent plane approximation analytic calculation. The formula presented in this paper has implications in explaining the experimentally observed separation of the ions of different species and charges by the magnetic field penetrating the plasma and specularly reflecting them.
A nanoparticle replica of the spin-glass state
Authors: De Toro J. A. , Lee S. S. , Salazar D. , Cheong J. L. , Normile P. S. , Muñiz P. , Riveiro J. M. , Hillenkamp M. , Tournus F. , Tamion A. , Nordblad P.
Published: May 2013

A simple single-phase material, a random close-packed (volume fraction 67%) ensemble of highly monodisperse bare maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles, is shown to exhibit ideal superspin-glass behavior (mimicking that of model spin-glasses), namely, an unprecedentedly sharp onset of the absorption component of the ac susceptibility, narrow memory dips in the zero-field-cooled magnetization and a spin-glass characteristic field-dependence of the magnetic susceptibility. This ideal behavior is attributed to the remarkably narrow dispersion in particle size and to the highly dense and spatially homogeneous configuration ensured by the random close-packed arrangement. This material is argued to constitute the closest nanoparticle analogue to a conventional (atomic) magnetic state found to date.
Total reflection and cloaking by zero index metamaterials loaded with rectangular dielectric defects
Authors: Wu Ying , Li Jichun
Published: May 2013

In this work, we investigate wave transmission property through a zero index metamaterial (ZIM) waveguide embedded with rectangular dielectric defects. We show that total reflection and total transmission (cloaking) can be achieved by adjusting the geometric sizes and/or permittivities of the defects. Our work provides another possibility of manipulating wave propagation through ZIM in addition to the widely studied dielectric defects with cylindrical geometries.
Being a botanist and a gardener: using diagnostic frameworks in general practice patients with medically unexplained symptoms
Authors: Stone Louise
Published: May 2013

Patients with multiple medically unexplained symptoms commonly seek treatment in primary care. Many of these patients seem to have a psychological ‘core’ to their illness that affects the way they experience, conceptualise and communicate their distress. There is considerable debate around diagnosis for this group of patients. Existing diagnoses include somatoform disorders in psychiatry and functional disorders in the medical specialties. Some clinicians use the term ‘heartsink’ patients, which reflects the interpersonal frustration inherent in some therapeutic relationships. A good diagnosis should be clinically useful, helping clinicians and patients understand and manage illness. Diagnosis should also provide a reliable classification for research and evidence-based treatment. The allegory of the botanist and the gardener has been used to describe diagnosis. For the botanist, a good diagnosis produces a taxonomy that is rigorous and reliable. For the gardener, it informs the way a garden is described and understood in a specific context. Clinicians need both: a ‘botanical’ type of classification to bring rigour to research and therapy, and clinical ‘gardening’, which allows for multiple perspectives and diagnostic frameworks. Clinical reasoning is a form of research with therapeutic intent. Botany and gardening represent a mixed-methods approach that can enrich diagnosis. The challenge is to integrate multiple perspectives in clinically helpful ways that help us retain both richness and rigour.
Using information and communication technologies to consult with patients in Victorian primary care: the views of general practitioners
Authors: Hanna Lisa , Fairhurst Karen
Published: May 2013

Information and communication technologies such as email, text messaging and video messaging are commonly used by the general population. However, international research has shown that they are not used routinely by GPs to communicate or consult with patients. Investigating Victorian GPs’ perceptions of doing so is timely given Australia’s new National Broadband Network, which may facilitate web-based modes of doctor−patient interaction. This study therefore aimed to explore Victorian GPs’ experiences of, and attitudes toward, using information and communication technologies to consult with patients. Qualitative telephone interviews were carried out with a maximum variation sample of 36 GPs from across Victoria. GPs reported a range of perspectives on using new consultation technologies within their practice. Common concerns included medico-legal and remuneration issues and perceived patient information technology literacy. Policy makers should incorporate GPs’ perspectives into primary care service delivery planning to promote the effective use of information and communication technologies in improving accessibility and quality of general practice care.
'Talk to us like we're people, not an X-ray': the experience of receiving care for chronic pain
Authors: Nielsen Mandy , Foster Michele , Henman Paul , Strong Jenny
Published: May 2013

Chronic pain is a commonly reported problem in primary care, and is Australia’s third most costly health problem. Despite advances in the understanding and treatment of pain, many people with chronic pain do not receive the best available care. This paper examines the health care experiences of people with chronic pain and focuses discussion on the impact that institutional and cultural factors can have on individual experience. Unstructured narrative interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 20 people with chronic pain. Participants’ experiences pointed to several factors that can affect the outcome of the health care they receive, including: the belief that all pain is due to identifiable injury or disease; a commitment to finding a diagnosis and cure; problematic patient−provider communication; and poor integration of health services. Comprehensively addressing these factors cannot be achieved by focusing interventions at the individual level. A multifaceted response, which includes public health and systemic initiatives, is required.
Seasonality and disturbance: annual pattern and response of the bacterial and microbial eukaryotic assemblages in a freshwater ecosystem
Authors: Jones Adriane Clark , Liao T. S. Vivian , Najar Fares Z. , Roe Bruce A. , Hambright K. David , Caron David A.
Published: May 2013

High‐throughput pyrosequencing ofSSU rDNAgenes was used to obtain monthly snapshots of eukaryotic and bacterial diversity and community structure at two locations inLakeTexoma, a low salinity lake in the south centralUnitedStates, over 1 year. The lake experienced two disturbance events (i) a localized bloom ofPrymnesium parvumrestricted to one of the locations that lasted fromJanuary toApril, and (ii) a large (17 cm), global rain event in the beginning ofMay, overlaid onto seasonal environmental change. Eukaryotic species richness as well as both eukaryotic and bacterial community similarity exhibited seasonal patterns, including distinct responses to the rain event. TheP. parvumbloom created a natural experiment in which to directly explore the effects of anEcosystemDisruptiveAlgalBloom (EDAB) on the microbial community separated from seasonal changes. Microbial species richness was unaffected by the bloom, however, the eukaryotic community structure (evenness) and the patterns of both eukaryotic and bacterial community similarity at bloom and non‐bloom sites were statistically distinct during the 4 months of the bloom. These results indicate that physical and biological disturbances as well as seasonal environmental forces contribute to the structure of both the eukaryotic and bacterial communities.
Tooth wear and associated risk factors in a sample of Australian primary school children
Authors: Fung A , Messer L Brearley
Published: May 2013

Background

Anecdotally, tooth wear is increasing, perhaps attributable to diet. The irreversible surface loss may result in sensitivity and loss of form and function. Little data exist on the prevalence of tooth wear in Australian children. This study investigated consumption of potentially erosive foods and drinks, examining the prevalence, distribution of tooth wear and associations in a sample of children.

Methods

Parents of 350, 6–12‐year‐olds reported their child's oral hygiene, dietary intake, medical and dental histories; 154 children (subsample) were examined. Associations were studied with single and multivariable analyses.

Results

Tooth wear was parentally reported for 17% (59 children of the study population) and observed in 66% (102 of the subsample), particularly affecting primary teeth. Significant risk factors for parentally reported tooth wear were: consuming 2–4 cups soft drink/day (OR = 9.52), citrus flavoured sweets/gums ≥1/day (5.10), citrus fruits 1–2/wk (4.28); tooth grinding (5.32); medical condition present (2.48); male gender (2.80). Drinking 2–4 cups fruit juice/day was a significant risk factor for both parentally reported (3.23) and observed tooth wear (3.97).

Conclusions

Tooth wear appeared under‐reported as some parents were unaware their child's teeth were affected. Significant risk factors for tooth wear were identifiable from children's histories. Risk factors should be addressed early so that tooth wear in the primary dentition does not affect permanent teeth.
Association of dental caries and salivary sIgA with tobacco smoking
Authors: Golpasand Hagh L , Zakavi F , Ansarifar S , Ghasemzadeh O , Solgi G
Published: May 2013

Background

Salivary secretory IgA (sIgA) is said to play an important role in the immune response against dental caries. This study aimed to determine the salivary sIgA levels in healthy smokers and non‐smokers, and its correlation with dental caries.

Methods

A total of 70 healthy subjects were selected and classified into four groups according to dental caries and tobacco smoking habits: smoking with caries (Group 1, n = 15); smoking without caries (Group 2, n = 15); non‐smoking with caries (Group 3, n = 15); and non‐smoking without caries (Group 4, n = 25). Salivary sIgA was measured using ELISA. The fissure and proximal caries were examined clinically and radiographically. Caries status was determined according to the decay surface index.

Results

Smokers showed a higher number of caries and the lowest concentration of sIgA. The highest levels of sIgA were observed in non‐smoking and caries‐free subjects compared to caries‐active smokers (123.2 ± 19.9 vs. 13.3 ± 4.1 μg/ml respectively, p < 0.001). Also, the mean level of sIgA in Group 4 was significantly higher than Group 3 (p = 0.009). More importantly, higher and significant levels of sIgA were found in Group 3 versus Group 1 (p < 0.0001) and Group 2 (p = 0.0004).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that low concentrations of salivary sIgA are correlated with a higher prevalence of dental caries in smokers.
Will improving access to dental care improve oral health‐related quality of life?
Authors: Crocombe LA , Mahoney GD , Spencer AJ , Waller M
Published: May 2013

Background

The aim of this study was to determine if Australian Defence Force (ADF) members had better oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) than the general Australian population and whether the difference was due to better access to dental care.

Methods

The OHRQoL, as measured by OHIP‐14 summary indicators, of participants from the Defence Deployed Solomon Islands (SI) Health Study and the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004–06 (NSAOH) were compared. The SI sample was age/gender status‐adjusted to match that of the NSAOH sample which was age/gender/regional location weighted to that of the Australian population.

Results

NSAOH respondents with good access to dental care had lower OHIP‐14 summary measures [frequency of impacts 8.5% (95% CI = 5.4, 11.6), extent mean = 0.16 (0.11, 0.22), severity mean = 5.0 (4.4, 5.6)] than the total NSAOH sample [frequency 18.6 (16.6, 20.7); extent 0.52 (0.44, 0.59); severity 7.6 (7.1, 8.1)]. The NSAOH respondents with both good access to dental care and self‐reported good general health did not have as low OHIP‐14 summary scores as in the SI sample [frequency 2.6 (1.2, 5.4), extent 0.05 (0.01, 0.10); severity 2.6 (1.9, 3.4)].

Conclusions

ADF members had better OHRQoL than the general Australian population, even those with good access to dental care and self‐reported good general health.
Airborne olive pollen counts are not representative of exposure to the major olive allergen Ole e 1
Authors: Galan C. , Antunes C. , Brandao R. , Torres C. , Garcia‐Mozo H. , Caeiro E. , Ferro R. , Prank M. , Sofiev M. , Albertini R. , Berger U. , Cecchi L. , Celenk S. , Grewling Ł. , Jackowiak B. , Jäger S. , Kennedy R. , Rantio‐Lehtimäki A. , Reese G. , Sauliene I. , Smith M. , Thibaudon M. , Weber B. , Weichenmeier I. , Pusch G. , Buters J. T. M. ,   The HIALINE working group
Published: May 2013

Pollen is routinely monitored, but it is unknown whether pollen counts represent allergen exposure. We therefore simultaneously determined olive pollen and Ole e 1 in ambient air in Córdoba, Spain, and Évora, Portugal, using Hirst‐type traps for pollen and high‐volume cascade impactors for allergen.

Pollen from different days released 12‐fold different amounts of Ole e 1 per pollen (both locations P < 0.001). Average allergen release from pollen (pollen potency) was much higher in Córdoba (3.9 pg Ole e 1/pollen) than in Évora (0.8 pg Ole e 1/pollen, P = 0.004). Indeed, yearly olive pollen counts in Córdoba were 2.4 times higher than in Évora, but Ole e 1 concentrations were 7.6 times higher. When modeling the origin of the pollen, >40% of Ole e 1 exposure in Évora was explained by high‐potency pollen originating from the south of Spain. Thus, olive pollen can vary substantially in allergen release, even though they are morphologically identical.
Practical algorithm for diagnosing patients with recurrent wheals or angioedema
Authors: Maurer M. , Magerl M. , Metz M. , Siebenhaar F. , Weller K. , Krause K.
Published: May 2013

Background

Chronic urticaria is a common disorder characterized by recurrent wheals, angioedema, or both. Several differential diagnoses need to be considered in patients presenting with wheals and/or angioedema. These include rare diseases such as autoinflammatory syndromes and urticarial vasculitis in patients with recurrent wheals and bradykinin‐mediated angioedema in patients with recurrent swellings.

Aim and Result

In order to not miss these conditions, we have developed a symptom‐based diagnostic algorithm for the management of patients with wheals and/or angioedema.

Discussion and Conclusion

By asking the right questions and performing a limited diagnostic workup as suggested here, this algorithm may help to establish the right diagnosis and treat patients early and more effectively.
Liver surgery in the multidisciplinary management of gastrointestinal stromal tumour
Authors: Cananzi Ferdinando C. M. , Belgaumkar Ajay P. , Lorenzi Bruno , Mudan Satvinder
Published: May 2013

Introduction

After the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the role of surgical resection in treating liver metastasis from gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the outcome of patients treated with TKIs followed by surgery for metastatic GIST.

Methods

Eleven patients underwent liver resection after downsizing TKIs therapy for metastatic GIST from 2006 until 2010 were reviewed.

Results

One and two‐year overall survival rates were 80.8 and 70.7%. All patients with an initially resectable tumour were still alive without recurrence. Patients operated on clinical response had a better outcome (1‐ and 2‐year overall survival (OS) rate 100%) than those operated on disease progression (1‐ and 2‐year OS rates 60 and 40%; P = 0.043). No deaths were observed among patients who achieved an R0 resection (R0 versus R1/R2, P = 0.001).

Discussion

R0 resection and clinical response to TKI are predictor of survival. Surgical resection should be performed as soon as feasible in responding patients. In poor responders, surgery may not add any survival benefit, except in localized progressive disease. In resectable metastatic liver disease, preoperative TKIs or upfront surgery followed by adjuvant therapy could be considered. Larger studies are needed to determine the optimum approach in patients with metastatic GIST.
HPV‐genotypes in high‐grade intraepithelial cervical lesions in Danish women
Authors: Kirschner Benny , Schledermann Doris , Holl Katsiaryna , Rosenlund Mats , Raillard Alice , Quint Wim , Molijn Anco , Jenkins David , Junge Jette
Published: May 2013

Objective

A study was undertaken to assess the distribution of high‐risk HPV‐genotypes in high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions in Danish women.

Design

Observational, cross‐sectional.

Setting

Danish data from a multi‐centre study undertaken in 13 European countries.

Population

290 archived fixed biopsies with high‐grade cervical lesions from the Departments of Pathology at the University Hospitals in Hvidovre and Odense, Denmark.

Methods

Relevant histological samples were anonymized and shipped to a central laboratory for histopathology review and PCR‐testing for HPV‐DNA. A standardised HPV‐test methodology was utilised to enable comparison of HPV‐genotype distribution.

Results

Of 290 Danish cervical samples, 276 were evaluated as histologically adequate and all of these were HPV‐positive (HPV+). Of the HPV+ samples 77.9% were diagnosed with a single HPV‐type, with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)3 diagnosed in 82.3% and CIN2, CIN2/3, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and AIS+ other high‐grade lesion diagnosed in the remaining 17.7%. The most prevalent HPV‐types were: HPV16 (54.0%), HPV33 (13.5%), HPV31 (10.7%), HPV18 (7.9%) and HPV52 (4.7%). Of the HPV+ samples, 21.4% were diagnosed with multiple HPV‐types, with CIN3 diagnosed in 79.6% and CIN2, CIN2/3, AIS and AIS+ other high‐grade lesion diagnosed in the remaining 20.4%. The most prevalent HPV‐types were: HPV16 (49.2%), HPV31 (30.5%), HPV52 (27.1%), HPV51 (20.3%), HPV18 (16.9%), HPV33 (13.6%), HPV45 (11.9%), with 0.7% unknown types.

Conclusions

HPV16 and HPV18 were detected in approximately 75% of high‐grade intraepithelial cervical lesions in a Danish population (single or multiple infections); these two genotypes are considered causative in at least 61.9% of the high‐grade intraepithelial lesions (single infection).
Assessing the responsiveness of the Brazilian FIS to treatment for traumatic dental injury
Authors: Antunes Lívia A. A. , Antunes Leonardo dos S. , Luiz Ronir R. , Leão Anna T. T. , Maia Lucianne C.
Published: May 2013

Objective

This study aimed to assess the responsiveness of the Brazilian version of the Family Impact Scale (B‐FIS) to describe changes in the quality of life (QoL) after treatment for traumatic dental injury (TDI).

Methods

After applying the eligibility criteria, 156 patients from 2 to 14 years old, who were attending a dental trauma center, were selected over an 18‐month period. QoL was evaluated at two different appointments: A1 (after TDI) and A2 (after TDI treatment). The B‐FIS scores were calculated using the additive method. The responsiveness was analyzed by standardized response means (SRMs).

Results

Mean B‐FIS scores were 12.1 (7.5 SD) and 2.7 (4.4 SD), while the median scores were 12.0 and 2.0, at A1 and A2 (P < 0.01), respectively. The B‐FIS responsiveness scores dropped 9.4 points after TDI treatment. The change was observed as a decrease in the impact after TDI treatment, demonstrating a positive reduction in its absolute number as well as an improvement in the family's QoL. The SRM achieved was as follows: 1.2 total scale, 1.1 parental emotions, 0.5 family conflicts, 0.9 parental/family activity, 0.1 financial burden. The B‐FIS scores indicated that TDI has significant impact on the family's QoL in A1 and still has impact in A2. The change was observed as a positive decrease in the impact after TDI treatment.

Conclusions

The responsiveness of the FIS (Brazilian version) in detecting the family's change in QoL after TDI treatment was confirmed by SRM.
Freeform Shadow Boundary Editing
Authors: Mattausch O. , Igarashi T. , Wimmer M.
Published: May 2013

We present an algorithm for artistically modifying physically based shadows. With our tool, an artist can directly edit the shadow boundaries in the scene in an intuitive fashion similar to freeform curve editing. Our algorithm then makes these shadow edits consistent with respect to varying light directions and scene configurations, by creating a shadow mesh from the new silhouettes. The shadow mesh helps a modified shadow volume algorithm cast shadows that conform to the artistic shadow boundary edits, while providing plausible interaction with dynamic environments, including animation of both characters and light sources. Our algorithm provides significantly more fine‐grained local and direct control than previous artistic light editing methods, which makes it simple to adjust the shadows in a scene to reach a particular effect, or to create interesting shadow shapes and shadow animations. All cases are handled with a single intuitive interface, be it soft shadows, or (self‐)shadows on arbitrary receivers.
A Correlated Parts Model for Object Detection in Large 3D Scans
Authors: Sunkel M. , Jansen S. , Wand M. , Seidel H.‐P.
Published: May 2013

This paper addresses the problem of detecting objects in 3D scans according to object classes learned from sparse user annotation. We model objects belonging to a class by a set of fully correlated parts, encoding dependencies between local shapes of different parts as well as their relative spatial arrangement. For an efficient and comprehensive retrieval of instances belonging to a class of interest, we introduce a new approximate inference scheme and a corresponding planning procedure. We extend our technique to hierarchical composite structures, reducing training effort and modeling spatial relations between detected instances. We evaluate our method on a number of real‐world 3D scans and demonstrate its benefits as well as the performance of the new inference algorithm.
Interactive Facades Analysis and Synthesis of Semi‐Regular Facades
Authors: AlHalawani Sawsan , Yang Yong‐Liang , Liu Han , Mitra Niloy J.
Published: May 2013

Urban facades regularly contain interesting variations due to allowed deformations of repeated elements (e.g., windows in different open or close positions) posing challenges to state‐of‐the‐art facade analysis algorithms. We propose a semi‐automatic framework to recover both repetition patterns of the elements and their individual deformation parameters to produce a factored facade representation. Such a representation enables a range of applications including interactive facade images, improved multi‐view stereo reconstruction, facade‐level change detection, and novel image editing possibilities.
Capturing Relightable Human Performances under General Uncontrolled Illumination
Authors: Li Guannan , Wu Chenglei , Stoll Carsten , Liu Yebin , Varanasi Kiran , Dai Qionghai , Theobalt Christian
Published: May 2013

We present a novel approach to create relightable free‐viewpoint human performances from multi‐view video recorded under general uncontrolled and uncalibated illumination. We first capture a multi‐view sequence of an actor wearing arbitrary apparel and reconstruct a spatio‐temporal coherent coarse 3D model of the performance using a marker‐less tracking approach. Using these coarse reconstructions, we estimate the low‐frequency component of the illumination in a spherical harmonics (SH) basis as well as the diffuse reflectance, and then utilize them to estimate the dynamic geometry detail of human actors based on shading cues. Given the high‐quality time‐varying geometry, the estimated illumination is extended to the all‐frequency domain by re‐estimating it in the wavelet basis. Finally, the high‐quality all‐frequency illumination is utilized to reconstruct the spatially‐varying BRDF of the surface. The recovered time‐varying surface geometry and spatially‐varying non‐Lambertian reflectance allow us to generate high‐quality model‐based free view‐point videos of the actor under novel illumination conditions. Our method enables plausible reconstruction of relightable dynamic scene models without a complex controlled lighting apparatus, and opens up a path towards relightable performance capture in less constrained environments and using less complex acquisition setups.
A Particle‐Grid Method for Opaque Ice Formation
Authors: Im Jaeho , Park Hanwook , Kim Jong‐Hyun , Kim Chang‐Hun
Published: May 2013

This paper presents a particle‐grid method to simulate the generation of opaque ice which has air bubbles in it. Water temperature is diffused over a grid, and the exchange of dissolved air between ice and water particles is simulated. We render a particle as an air bubble if it has sufficient air. Otherwise, it is treated as a cloudy volume by distributing air into dissolved air field when the final state has been reached. In addition, our method includes a model in which heat transfer rate may change across the grid. Unlike previous models which could generate an ice volume of only fixed shapes, our approach uses signed distance function (SDF) to generate opaque ice volumes stored in containers of various geometric shapes and can render needle‐shaped or egg‐shaped bubbles.
Adaptive Quantization Visibility Caching
Authors: Popov Stefan , Georgiev Iliyan , Slusallek Philipp , Dachsbacher Carsten
Published: May 2013

Ray tracing has become a viable alternative to rasterization for interactive applications and also forms the basis of most global illumination methods. However, even today's fastest ray‐tracers offer only a tight budget of rays per pixel per frame. Rendering performance can be improved by increasing this budget, or by developing methods that use it more efficiently. In this paper we propose a global visibility caching algorithm that reduces the number of shadow rays required for shading to a fraction of less than 2% in some cases. We quantize the visibility function's domain while ensuring a minimal degradation of the final image quality. To control the introduced error, we adapt the quantization locally, accounting for variations in geometry, sampling densities on both endpoints of the visibility queries, and the light signal itself. Compared to previous approaches for approximating visibility, e.g. shadow mapping, our method has several advantages: (1) it allows caching of arbitrary visibility queries between surface points and is thus applicable to all ray tracing based methods; (2) the approximation error is uniform over the entire image and can be bounded by a user‐specified parameter; (3) the cache is created on‐the‐fly and does not waste any resources on queries that will never be used. We demonstrate the benefits of our method on Whitted‐style ray tracing combined with instant radiosity, as well as an integration with bidirectional path tracing.
Analytic Visibility on the GPU
Authors: Auzinger T. , Wimmer M. , Jescke S.
Published: May 2013

This paper presents a parallel, implementation‐friendly analytic visibility method for triangular meshes. Together with an analytic filter convolution, it allows for a fully analytic solution to anti‐aliased 3D mesh rendering on parallel hardware. Building on recent works in computational geometry, we present a new edge‐triangle intersection algorithm and a novel method to complete the boundaries of all visible triangle regions after a hidden line elimination step. All stages of the method are embarrassingly parallel and easily implementable on parallel hardware. A GPU implementation is discussed and performance characteristics of the method are shown and compared to traditional sampling‐based rendering methods.
Coupled quasi‐harmonic bases
Authors: Kovnatsky A. , Bronstein M. M. , Bronstein A. M. , Glashoff K. , Kimmel R.
Published: May 2013

The use of Laplacian eigenbases has been shown to be fruitful in many computer graphics applications. Today, state‐of‐the‐art approaches to shape analysis, synthesis, and correspondence rely on these natural harmonic bases that allow using classical tools from harmonic analysis on manifolds. However, many applications involving multiple shapes are obstacled by the fact that Laplacian eigenbases computed independently on different shapes are often incompatible with each other. In this paper, we propose the construction of common approximate eigenbases for multiple shapes using approximate joint diagonalization algorithms, taking as input a set of corresponding functions (e.g. indicator functions of stable regions) on the two shapes. We illustrate the benefits of the proposed approach on tasks from shape editing, pose transfer, correspondence, and similarity.