bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeito de diferentes fontes e solubilidades de fósforo no desenvolvimento e nutrição do capim Mombaça
Authors: Souza Djalma Junior de Almeida Tavares , Lima Saulo Oliveira , Silva Cleiriany Pereira da , Freitas Gilson Araújo de
Published: June 2020

Phosphorus is primordial for pasture and fertilization combined with phosphate sources that can increase the nutritional and productive quality of Mombasa. With that, the objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological, productive and nutritional characteristics of Mombaça grass submitted to combinations of soluble and natural phosphorus sources. The experimental design was randomized with ten treatments and four replications. Controls consist of three sources and six combinations of phosphorus sources equivalent to 90 kg ha-1 of P2O5, namely: Control, Phosphate Rock Tailings (RJ), Triple Superphosphate (ST), Yoorin Master 1 (YR), RJ + ST (70% and 30%), RJ + ST (50% and 50%), RJ + YR (70% and 30%),RJ + YR (50% and 50%), YR + ST (70% and 30) %), YR + ST (50% and 50%). Mombasa grass was grown in three cuts (60, 105 and 150 DAS). As combinations YR + ST (50% and 50%), YR + ST (70% and 30%) and RJ + YR (50% and 50%) provided positive results for agronomic characters and as RJ, RJ + ST (50 % and 50%) and RJ + YR (50% and 50%) for the P content. The phosphate addition, the source reduction and the mixture increased the Mombaça grass.
Verblendete Öffentlichkeiten
Authors: Nothofer Iris
Published: June 2020

Humanitäre Interventionen und militärisch gestützter Staatsaufbau werden in der öffentlichen Debatte inzwischen mit großer Skepsis betrachtet. Es scheint, als seien die anfängliche Euphorie und die hochfliegenden Erwartungen mehr und mehr einer Ernüchterung gewichen.

Genaueres Hinsehen zeigt allerdings, dass sich die Kritik in der Regel auf der Ebene von Umsetzungsproblemen und außenpolitischen Entscheidungsprozessen bewegt. Eine grundsätzliche Hinterfragung der eigenen Problemlösungskapazitäten und Gestaltungsmacht findet auf Seiten westlicher Öffentlichkeiten kaum statt. Woher kommt dieses unerschütterliche Grundvertrauen?

Um diese Frage zu beantworten, bedarf es einer umfassenden Auseinandersetzung mit der Beschaffenheit und der Kontextualisierung unseres Anschauungsvermögens sowie den Ambivalenzen innerhalb unseres liberalen Denkens und unseres modernen Weltbildes. Diese werden zwar häufig impliziert, bislang jedoch nicht systematisch empirisch nachgewiesen und erfasst.

Eben diese Forschungslücke schließt das vorliegende Buch, angeleitet durch einen neuartigen theoretisch-konzeptionellen Zugang, der in erkenntnistheoretischen und geschichts-philosophischen Überlegungen verankert ist. Es handelt von verzerrter Urteilskraft und verblendeten Öffentlichkeiten. Unter Rückgriff auf computer- und korpuslinguistische Verfahren einerseits und qualitative Analyseverfahren andererseits werden Dynamiken und Mechanismen der Selbsttäuschung und der Selbstillusionierung aufgedeckt. Erst durch das Mitdenken solcher struktureller Verblendungs- und Verhinderungsmechanismen können gängige Deutungs- und Denkschemata durchbrochen und blinde Flecken in unserer Auseinandersetzung mit humanitären militärischen Interventionen und den Grundlagen westlicher Interventionspolitik aufgedeckt werden.
Inkommensurabilität von Begriffsschemata
Authors: Fadeeva Fadeeva Yuliya
Published: June 2020

Die Annahme möglicher oder realer Verstehens- und Verständigungsgrenzen zwischen Individuen oder Gruppen, häufig ausgedrückt in der Metapher vom »Leben in verschiedenen Welten«, ist in unterschiedlichsten Diskursen anzutreffen.

Verstanden als eine These über die Inkommensurabilität von Begriffssystemen bzw. als Unübersetzbarkeit von Sprachen wird sie von Donald Davidson zurückgewiesen. In der vorliegenden interdisziplinären Arbeit wird Davidsons Argumentation gegen diejenigen Kritiken verteidigt, welche sich vor allem auf das Spätwerk Ludwig Wittgensteins berufen. Die zentrale These dieser Arbeit lautet, dass die Frage nach der Plausibilität von Verstehensgrenzen ohne einen systematischen Bezug zur menschlichen Kommunikation nicht beantwortet werden kann. Sprechen und Interpretieren sind kommunikativ organisierte Prozesse, die nur unter Berücksichtigung der Erfolgsbedingungen von Kommunikationshandlungen hinreichend beschrieben und verstanden werden können.

Aus der Zusammenführung philosophischer und kommunikationstheoretischer Argumente wird deutlich, dass die Rede von prinzipiellen Verstehensgrenzen einer zwar durchaus verbreiteten, aber dennoch verfehlten Sprachauffassung entstammt. Davidsons eigener interpretationsbasierter Ansatz bietet die Grundlage für eine konstruktive Diskussion der Fragen nach Bedeutung, Verstehen und Verständigung sowie der Rolle der Kommunikation, die zur Entwicklung einer interdisziplinären Philosophie der Kommunikation maßgeblich beitragen könnte.

Yuliya Fadeeva promovierte in Philosophie (Wien) und Kommunikationstheorie (Duisburg-Essen), war von 2011 bis 2018 Lehrbeauftragte in Philosophie und Kommunikationswissenschaft und von 2017 bis 2018 Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Kommunikationswissenschaft der Universität Duisburg-Essen.
Landesrecht Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Rausch Jan-Dirk
Published: June 2020

Das Studienbuch versammelt in einem Band alle wichtigen Themen des baden-württembergischen Landesrechts, wie sie in den Staatsexamina immer wieder geprüft werden. Erörtert werden das Verfassungsrecht, das Bau- und Kommunalrecht, das Polizeirecht sowie das Verwaltungsvollstreckungsrecht. Die prozessualen Konstellationen werden beim jeweiligen Themengebiet dort, wo sie typischerweise relevant werden, eingehend behandelt. Jedes Kapitel schließt mit Fällen und Lösungen sowie mit Wiederholungsfragen zur eigenständigen Nacharbeit und Kontrolle.
Effect of Nortriptyline on Spreading Depolarization
Authors: Behzad Ebrahim , Ghabaee Mojdeh , Bigdeli Mohammad Reza , Noorbakhsh Farshid , Gorji Ali , Hadjighassem Mahmoudreza
Published: June 2020

Background: Spreading depolarization is associated with the extension of lesion size and complications in some important neurological diseases such as stroke, epilepsy, migraine, and traumatic brain injury. Objectives: This study aimed to reveal some molecular aspects of spreading depolarization and suggesting new therapeutic targets for its control by changing the function of different astrocytic and neuronal ion channels. Methods: The effects of nortriptyline on spreading depolarization in cortical and hippocampal tissues and on the electrophysiological properties of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons were assessed by extra- and intracellular recording, following washing rat brain slices by the drug. Results: Nortriptyline made a significant increase in the amplitude of spreading depolarization in cortical and hippocampal tissues relative to control but did not change the duration significantly in each of the tissues. No significant difference was found in the effects of spreading depolarization on the electrophysiological properties of the CA1 pyramidal neurons between nortriptyline and control groups. Conclusions: The stimulating effect of nortriptyline on spreading depolarization is probably related to the augmentation of extracellular potassium collection in the cortex and hippocampus due to inhibition of astrocytic potassium scavenging function. This change can make more neurons prone to depolarization and increase the overall amplitude of spreading depolarization waves. Further studies should assess the effect of enhancing the clearance function of astrocyte-specific inwardly rectifying potassium channels, Kir4.1, or preventing other factors contributing to spreading depolarization on control of the process.
History of Dermal and Subdermal Injectable Fillers Before Collagen: The Early Years
Authors: Memar Omeed
Published: June 2020

: Dermal fillers are a mainstay of aesthetic medicine. Currently, the most common ingredient in fillers is hyaluronic acid (HA). However, there was an evolution of products that brought us to where we are today. We review the fillers from fat to synthetic fillers in this review paper. We present notable figures in history who used such fillers and key legislation on the use of such fillers. The early evolution of the use of volumization has been reviewed. This is an important milestone in the history of fillers that is rather brief in the present literature.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT CURING CONDITIONS ON HVFAC RHEOLOGICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Carević Vedran , Dragaš Jelena S. , Radević Aleksandar , Jevtić Dragica , Zakić Dimitrije
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted in order to evaluate the influence of different curing conditions on rheological and mechanical properties of high volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) in comparison with the ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC). Four types of concrete were made: two HVFAC and two OPC designed to have the same consistency and 28-day compressive strength for samples cured in water. Also, three different curing regimes were chosen: standard water curing (W), standard laboratory air curing (L) and curing in standard laboratory conditions using curing compound based on the polyolefin emulsion (C). The main objectives were to evaluate the influence of these curing regimes on the compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, modulus of elasticity development over time, water permeability of concrete and concrete shrinkage. The use of curing compound improved previously mentioned properties in some extent compared with the samples cured in standard air conditions.
ISOGEOMETRIC – BASED DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF BERNOULLI – EULER CURVED BEAM SUBJECTED TO MOVING LOAD
Authors: Jočković Miloš M. , Nefovska – Danilović Marija
Published: June 2020

In this paper dynamic analysis of a curved Bernoulli – Euler beam subjected to a moving load ispresented. Moving load is modelled as a single force with constant magnitude and direction, whichmoves along its trajectory. Plane curved Bernoulli – Euler beam element is formulated usingisogeometric approach where both the displacement field and geometry of the beam are describedusing NURBS basis functions. Behavior of the beam element is defined and studied in the case oflinear formulation where displacements and displacement gradients are assumed to be small.Validation of the proposed approach is presented for the plane curved beam subjected to movingload with constant velocity, magnitude and direction.
VERIFICATION, CALIBRATION AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT OF ROTATING LASERS APPLIED IN BUILDING AND SURVEYING MEASUREMENT TASKS
Authors: Milinković Ankica , Tucikešić Sanja , Ristić Kornelija
Published: June 2020

This paper specifies field procedures described by international norm ISO 17123-6, to be adoptedwhen determining and evaluating the quality of rotating lasers and their ancillary equipment whenused in building and surveying measurements for levelling tasks. It will be shown analysis andstatistical tests in order to check the conformity of the equipment with the selected specifications.Also, this paper will promote the leveling systems delivered for complete quality verification ofrotating lasers, as an automated reference laboratory system.
CASE STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF THE STRUCTURE AND THICKNESS OF THE THERMAL ENVELOPE ON THE ENERGY CLASS OF THE INDIVIDUAL SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSING
Authors: Tucaković Igor , Nikolić Topalović Marina , Trkulja Tanja
Published: June 2020

The aim of the research is to obtain optimal ranges of thermal envelope for the desired energy classes, which will contribute to a more economical and rational approach to the design of buildings, as well as to prove that with the increase of thermal envelope there is an increase of the energy class. The model on which the research was formed and applied is a typical semi-detached house in Belgrade. By comparing the results of the reference family house, the framework parameters for the satisfaction of a certain energy class have been formed, based on the fulfillment of the energy efficiency requirements established by national regulations.
ORIENTALIZING ARCHITECTURE IN NORTHERN BOSNIA UNDER HABSBURG RULE: EXAGGERATING ALTERITY AS A MEANS OF COHESION?
Authors: Hartmuth Maximilian
Published: June 2020

This paper offers preliminary insights into the phenomenality of Orientalizing styles of architecturein Bosnia-Herzegovina in the period of Austro-Hungarian rule. It examines in some detail threebuildings in Banja Luka and Gradiška, with brief detours to Brčko, Dubica, and Šamac, focusing onthe problem of decision-making in the planning and design process. This discussion is aided by planmaterial discovered in the relevant archives as well as contemporary periodicals. The inquiry willconclude with ruminations on this phenomenon’s geography: Did Orientalizing architecture inBosnia’s northern region, bordering Croatia-Slavonia, carry different meanings than in Sarajevo andother inland metropolises?
MULTIFAMILY HOUSING IN THE VILLAGES OF SERBIA: FROM INAPPROPRIATE SPATIAL APPEARANCES TO POSSIBLE ELEMENTS OF URBANITY
Authors: Videnović Aleksandar C. , Aranđelović Miloš
Published: June 2020

Rural housing is directly linked to agricultural work, so the organization of space in the yard isfundamentally different from the functional characteristics of urban housing. In the villages ofSerbia, over the years and after the Second World War, multi-storey residential buildings wereerected for service to non-agricultural population. By their basic manifestations and visualmanifestations, as well as functional characteristics, these objects never fit into the image of thevillage, and their users do not enter into the habits and customs of life in the environments in whichthey are built. Semi-agricultural and non-agricultural population in rural areas is predominant today,so the question arises as to the relation of the profession to multi-family housing in villages.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL TWO-STOREY RURAL HOUSES IN CENTRAL PART OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
Authors: Nikolić Nenad J.
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with the analysis of development and the features of traditional two-story ruralhouses built in central part of Kosovo and Metohija between the First and the Second World War.The study based on in-situ explorations and literature review has revealed the values of thesetraditional examples in terms of spatial organization, architectural style, principles of construction,and sustainability-related characteristics. In particular, the study has been deepened on the case ofthe house of Petković family in Laplje Selo, thus acknowledging the details of this residential type.
REVIEW OF BASIC CONCEPTS OF CONTACT MECHANICS OF FRICTIONLESS CONTACT WITH EMPHASIS ON PENALTY METHOD
Authors: Mijatović Ognjen , Mandić Rastislav , Mišković Zoran , Salatić Ratko , Relja Gabriel
Published: June 2020

Problems involving contact are of great importance in industry related to mechanical and civilengineering, but also in biomechanics and other applications. The contact interaction betweensurfaces and different bodies like in a bolted splice connection joint or area in which a tire interactswith the soil is not known a priori, leading to a nonlinear boundary value problem. Due to the rapidimprovement of modern computer technology, one can today apply the tools of computationalmechanics to analyze contact problems with required accuracy, depending on design requirements.However, even now most of the standard finite element software is not fully capable of solvingcontact problems, including friction, with robust algorithms. The aim of this paper is to present somebasic concepts of Contact Mechanich.
MULTI-CRITERIA MODEL BASED ON LINGUISTIC NEUTROSOPHIC NUMBERS: THE SELECTION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT
Authors: Ćirović Goran , Pamučar Dragan , Popović-Miletić Nataša
Published: June 2020

The paper presents a new approach in treating uncertainty and subjectivity in the decision making process based on the modification of Multi Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison (MABAC) and an Objective-Subjective (OS) model by applying linguistic neutrosophic numbers (LNN) instead of traditional numerical values. By integrating these models with linguistic neutrosophic numbers it was shown that it is possible to a significant extent to eliminate subjective qualitative assessments and assumptions by decision makers in complex decision-making conditions. On this basis, a new hybrid LNN OS-MABAC model was formed. This model was tested and validated on a case-study of the selection of optimal unmanned aircraft intended to combat forest fires.
SEISMIC RISK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BASED ON BUILDINGS’ VULNERABILITY
Authors: Ademović Naida , Cvijić Amulić Snježana
Published: June 2020

The region of South-East Europe is characterized by one of the most complex seismotectonic features in the World. Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in the heart of this region. The world is facing an increasing number of natural disasters among which earthquakes are on the top of the list. After extreme temperatures, it is earthquakes that cause the largest amount of deaths. To obtain an overview of the expected human and economic losses seismic risk assessment methods are used. In this paper, an example of a rapid assessment method is presented with the usage of the new hazard seismic map and its presentation, and census data for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cities with a high-risk level are identified needing further detailed analysis.
ACCELEROMETRIC NETWORK AND ELASTIC RESPONSE SPECTRUM FOR GROUND TYPE A IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Authors: Cvijić Amulić Snježana , Tucikešić Sanja
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the content of an analysis of available relevant accelerometric data, which aimsat identifying a group of nationally determined parameters in the field of seismological activity thatwas used in the preparation phase of the B&H national annex for Eurocode 8. Seismological dataanalysis related to parameters that are in Eurocode 8 open to national choice, refer to the: soilclassification, horizontal elastic response spectrum and reference ground acceleration, respectivelyseismic hazard map.
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF A CABLE-STAYED FOOTBRIDGE OVER RIVER VRBAS IN BANJA LUKA
Authors: Latinović Marina , Mišković Zoran , Popović Marko
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a dynamic behavior analysis of an old cable-stayed footbridge over river Vrbasin Banja Luka. Identification of modal parameters, of this prone to vibrations footbridge structure,was performed using Operational Modal Analysis with Frequency Domain Decomposition method.Experimental test setups and obtained results, compared to the numerical values obtained by FEmodel updating, are shown. Modal Assurance Criterion was used for the confirmation of theuniqueness of experimentally obtained mode shapes, and also for the comparison of FE model modeshapes to the experimentally obtained ones, in the locations of measurement.
CONCEPT OF SOLVING THE STANDING TRAFFIC FOR THE CENTRAL CITY ZONE OF BANJA LUKA
Authors: Jokanović Igor , Svilar Mila , Pavić Milica , Đorđić Vladimir , Topić Dragan
Published: June 2020

Needs of standing traffic significantly burden the infrastructure and functioning of urbansettlements. The problem is particularly acute in non-developed and developing countries whosecities are experiencing a virtually uncontrolled growth. Control of standing traffic is also an elementof sustainable urban mobility. The paper presents the authors’ idea to meet the needs of standingtraffic through a disincentive of passenger cars in central city zone and construction of high capacityparking garages around the central zone to provide parking space as a service for the area free ofmotorized traffic.
APPLICATION OF PBL MODEL ON STUDY PROGRAM OF GEODESY AT THE FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING AND GEODESY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BANJALUKA
Authors: Todorović Dajana , Fržović Tanja , Božić Branko
Published: June 2020

The subject of this paper is the application of the PBL model in the teaching process of the first cycle of studies at the Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy. The meaning of the term PBL model and its basic characteristics as well as its historical development are described. The application of PBL to SP Geodesy and evaluation of its implementation on the example of a current subject are presented.
The neurons that mistook a hat for a face
Authors: Arcaro Michael J , Ponce Carlos , Livingstone Margaret
Published: June 2020

Despite evidence that context promotes the visual recognition of objects, decades of research have led to the pervasive notion that the object processing pathway in primate cortex consists of multiple areas that each process the intrinsic features of a few particular categories (e.g. faces, bodies, hands, objects, and scenes). Here we report that such category-selective neurons do not in fact code individual categories in isolation but are also sensitive to object relationships that reflect statistical regularities of the experienced environment. We show by direct neuronal recording that face-selective neurons respond not just to an image of a face, but also to parts of an image where contextual cues—for example a body—indicate a face ought to be, even if what is there is not a face.
Distinct signals in medial and lateral VTA dopamine neurons modulate fear extinction at different times
Authors: Cai Lili X , Pizano Katherine , Gundersen Gregory W , Hayes Cameron L , Fleming Weston T , Holt Sebastian , Cox Julia M , Witten Ilana B
Published: June 2020

Dopamine (DA) neurons are thought to encode reward prediction error (RPE), in addition to other signals, such as salience. While RPE is known to support learning, the role of salience in learning remains less clear. To address this, we recorded and manipulated VTA DA neurons in mice during fear extinction. We applied deep learning to classify mouse freezing behavior, eliminating the need for human scoring. Our fiber photometry recordings showed DA neurons in medial and lateral VTA have distinct activity profiles during fear extinction: medial VTA activity more closely reflected RPE, while lateral VTA activity more closely reflected a salience-like signal. Optogenetic inhibition of DA neurons in either region slowed fear extinction, with the relevant time period for inhibition differing across regions. Our results indicate salience-like signals can have similar downstream consequences to RPE-like signals, although with different temporal dependencies.
Different neuronal populations mediate inflammatory pain analgesia by exogenous and endogenous opioids
Authors: Zhang Xin-Yan , Dou Yan-Nong , Yuan Lei , Li Qing , Zhu Yan-Jing , Wang Meng , Sun Yan-Gang
Published: June 2020

Mu-opioid receptors (MORs) are crucial for analgesia by both exogenous and endogenous opioids. However, the distinct mechanisms underlying these two types of opioid analgesia remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that analgesic effects of exogenous and endogenous opioids on inflammatory pain are mediated by MORs expressed in distinct subpopulations of neurons in mice. We found that the exogenous opioid-induced analgesia of inflammatory pain is mediated by MORs in Vglut2+ glutamatergic but not GABAergic neurons. In contrast, analgesia by endogenous opioids is mediated by MORs in GABAergic rather than Vglut2+ glutamatergic neurons. Furthermore, MORs expressed at the spinal level is mainly involved in the analgesic effect of morphine in acute pain, but not in endogenous opioid analgesia during chronic inflammatory pain. Thus, our study revealed distinct mechanisms underlying analgesia by exogenous and endogenous opioids, and laid the foundation for further dissecting the circuit mechanism underlying opioid analgesia.
Host transcriptome-guided drug repurposing for COVID-19 treatment: a meta-analysis based approach
Authors: Loganathan Tamizhini , Ramachandran Srimathy , Shankaran Prakash , Nagarajan Devipriya , Mohan S Suma
Published: June 2020

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, and the identification of effective therapeutic strategy is a need of the hour to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this scenario, the drug repurposing approach is widely used for the rapid identification of potential drugs against SARS-CoV-2, considering viral and host factors.

Methods

We adopted a host transcriptome-based drug repurposing strategy utilizing the publicly available high throughput gene expression data on SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infection viruses. Based on the consistency in expression status of host factors in different cell types and previous evidence reported in the literature, pro-viral factors of SARS-CoV-2 identified and subject to drug repurposing analysis based on DrugBank and Connectivity Map (CMap) using the web tool, CLUE.

Results

The upregulated pro-viral factors such as TYMP, PTGS2, C1S, CFB, IFI44, XAF1, CXCL2, and CXCL3 were identified in early infection models of SARS-CoV-2. By further analysis of the drug-perturbed expression profiles in the connectivity map, 27 drugs that can reverse the expression of pro-viral factors were identified, and importantly, twelve of them reported to have anti-viral activity. The direct inhibition of the PTGS2 gene product can be considered as another therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection and could suggest six approved PTGS2 inhibitor drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. The computational study could propose candidate repurposable drugs against COVID-19, and further experimental studies are required for validation.
Expresiones del neoliberalismo en ciudades portuarias sudamericanas: los casos de Rosario (Argentina) y Valparaíso (Chile)
Authors: Neumann Novack Paula
Published: June 2020

Diversos estudios han explicado los orígenes del sistema neoliberal y sus expresiones en el contexto urbano global. El presente artículo, además de discutir los orígenes y aplicaciones del neoliberalismo en América Latina, busca explicar el papel de la reestructuración urbana en la aplicación de políticas neoliberales en ciudades portuarias latinoamericanas. En este sentido, fue desarrollado un análisis bibliográfico sobre los orígenes del neoliberalismo y su comportamiento en Latinoamérica. También fueron realizadas entrevistas con informantes clave que proporcionaron explicar el rol de la reestructuración urbana como parte importante del sostenimiento del sistema neoliberal en ciudades latinoamericanas. Los resultados de la investigación apuntan distintas expresiones del neoliberalismo en las ciudades portuarias de Rosario (Argentina) y Valparaíso (Chile).
Desafíos jurídico-políticos en el entorno digital.
Authors: Binimelis Espinoza Helder Alejandro , Wong Ramírez Sulan , Rojas Mora Julio
Published: June 2020

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Indebtedness and Liquidity in Agriculture: A Long-term Sectoral Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Demirkol Celal , Acikgoz Ali Faruk
Published: June 2020

Being indebted and the liquidity shortfalls could be the base for recreating debt in the circumstances of unavailable trade credit. Accessing to bank credit or other liabilities is rather a function of liquidity for all types of businesses. Excluding equities, we hereby aim to reveal a sectoral evidence by the help of other liabilities side contributors and liquidity indicators on to what extend a firm regenerates debt in the long-run depending on the general liquidity criteria. Therefore, we try to explore a sector specific long-term evidence on the agriculture sector in Turkey. The real sector statistics feed the study in terms of data. Data curation consists of calculating data series as averages of three years aggregate balance sheet totals in the agriculture sector of Turkey for the time span of 1996 and 2016. The methodology follows a path as testing regressions for the variables, presenting interchangeably significant results, affirming the assumptions of the regressions, tests on unit root and cointegration along with causalities. The findings of the study confirm self-creating reasons of being indebted with the impact of liquidity. The study represents three models which have total debt to total assets ratio, short-term bank credits to short-term liabilities ratio, and long-term bank credits to total assets ratio as dependent variables respectively. We have analyzed the effects of current ratio, acid-test or quick ratio and cash and cash equivalents ratio which are listed as leading liquidity indicators. Cash and cash equivalents and current ratio have been found significant on the liabilities in the early trials of regressive test models. However, except current ratio liquidity indicators all together failed in predicting. The results eventually confirm the importance of eminent liquidity criteria, both current ratio and acid-test ratio are significant on the selected variables of liabilities as an evidence for the agriculture sector of Turkey in the long-run. Nevertheless, acid-test ratio has rather strong and enduring effects. Since cash and cash equivalents have been determined as stationary at a different level, they could therefore have insignificant impact on being indebted for longer periods than time span of the study. Yet the creditors would better not to directly add a liquidity indicator in their decision process of creditability in a sector. Nonetheless, the novelty of the study also ensures that predicting total debt and bank credits of both short and long run might require the same liquidity indicators along with other liability side contributors which do not necessarily or directly consider the shareholders’ equities in a sector specific atmosphere.
Chemical Stabilization of Black Cotton Clay and Laterite Soil Using Drycon Powder for Suitability as Construction Materials
Authors: Chegbeleh Larry Pax , Ackah Frank Siaw
Published: June 2020

This paper used drycon powder (DP) as stabilization additive for improving the engineering properties of problem soils, specifically, black cotton clay (BCC) and laterite soil (LS), for use as a road construction material. The study was carried out in some parts of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, through the conduction of index properties tests such as gradation, Atterberg limits, California bearing ratio (CBR), Compaction characteristics and X-ray diffraction (XRD) on the problem soils. CBR, Atterberg limits and environmental quality tests were specifically conducted on DP stabilized soils for comparative analysis. Gradation results revealed 38% fines for BCC and 14% fines for LS. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of quartz and montmorillonite in BCC, and quartz and kaolinite in LS. Generally, the results of the various tests conducted revealed that DP has the potential of improving the engineering properties of problem soils with significant strength improvement. It can also be inferred from the results that, DP is environmental friendly soil stabilizer.
Experimental study on local bond failure of tension reinforcing bars embedded in concrete
Authors: Nishimura Koshiro , Kawazu Mitsuki
Published: June 2020

In this study, to evaluate the strength on the local bond failure, pull‐out tests of deformed bars straightly embedded in concrete were conducted. As a result, the test results were classified into entire bond failure and local bond failure. The effects of the beam width and inner transverse ties on the entire bond failure were evaluated by the previous bond capacity formula. In this study, split modes in which more than one bar split the concrete for the upper or lateral side were assumed, and a method to evaluate the strengths on the local bond failure and a way to expect the split mode was proposed.
Effect of surrounding frame members on the buckling behavior of steel shear walls restrained by stiffeners
Authors: Ikarashi Kikuo , Shimomura Hayato , Yasunaga Jumpei , Ueki Takuya , Ono Junichiro , Ohyama Tatsuya
Published: June 2020

Numerous studies have addressed the influence of the surrounding frame members on the in‐plane properties of steel shear walls with stiffeners. However, the effect of the out‐of‐plane stiffness on the buckling strength of stiffening plates has not been elucidated. Herein, the influence of surrounding frame members on the buckling behavior of steel shear walls reinforced by cross stiffeners was investigated. A calculation formula for the elastic buckling strength of the stiffened plate was proposed by eigenvalue analysis. In addition, the relationship between the buckling strength and out‐of‐plane stiffness of the surrounding frame members was revealed and a calculation formula for the buckling strength considering the out‐of‐plane stiffness was put forward. Finally, through experimental tests and large deformation analysis, the effect of vertical frame members on the elasto‐plastic property of the stiffened plate was shown. The results obtained are as follows. This study proposes an elastic buckling strength calculation formula for a stiffened plate by correcting the elastic buckling strength calculation formula of an orthotropic plate using the ratio between the torsional rigidity of an actual stiffened plate and that of the plate regarded as anisotropic. The rate of decrease in elastic buckling strength of the stiffened plate due to the out‐of‐plane stiffness of the surrounding frame member can be evaluated by the flexural rigidity ratio between the surrounding member and the stiffened plate. The rate of decrease in elastic buckling strength of stiffened plates due to the out‐of‐plane stiffness of the left and right surrounding vertical frame members with different bending stiffnesses and intermediate vertical frame members can be evaluated by the buckling stress ratio determined from the out‐of‐plane stiffness of the surrounding vertical frame members. It is possible to obtain a stable behavior even if the out‐of‐plane stiffness of the surrounding member is relatively small, if the elastic buckling strength is higher than the shear yield strength of the stiffened plate. It was confirmed that the effect of the end constraint condition on the elasto‐plastic behavior of a stiffened plate was negligible. The results obtained in this study can facilitate the construction of novel earthquake‐resistant steel shear walls.
Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Evaluations in Juvenile African Catfish Clarias gariepinus Exposed to NPK Fertilizer
Authors: Helen N. Ebeh , Nathan A. Adegoke , Mathias N. Ugwu , Nwani Christopher Didigwu
Published: June 2020

Juvenile African Catfish (also known as Sharptooth Catfish) Clarias gariepinus were exposed to 2.26, 4.52, and 11.30 mg/L NPK (15-15-15) fertilizer for 21 d followed by 7 d of recovery to assess the genotoxic effects of the fertilizer in erythrocytes. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated in the liver and gill tissues. The fertilizer induced micronuclei formation with maximum effects on day 7 in erythrocytes of individuals that were exposed to 4.52 and 11.30 mg/L NPK, and on day 14 in individuals exposed to 2.26 mg/L of the same fertilizer. The lipid peroxidation, glutathione reductase, and reduced glutathione values in the exposed fish increased, while the values of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase decreased. There were mixed trends in the recovery patterns after the 7-d withdrawal from the fertilizer. Careful use of the fertilizer in the field is recommended to avoid toxicological effects on nontarget organisms.
Development of a stereoscopic CT metal artifact management algorithm using gantry angle tilts for head and neck patients
Authors: Branco Daniela , Kry Stephen , Taylor Paige , Rong John , Zhang Xiaodong , Peterson Christine , Frank Steven , Followill David
Published: June 2020

Dental amalgams are a common source of artifacts in head and neck (HN) images. Commercial artifact reduction techniques have been offered, but are substantially ineffectual at reducing artifacts from dental amalgams, can produce additional artifacts, provide inaccurate HU information, or require extensive computation time, and thus offer limited clinically utility. The goal of this work was to define and validate a novel algorithm and provide a phantom‐based testing as proof of principle. An initial clinical comparison to a vendor's current solution was also performed. The algorithm uses two‐angled CT scans in order to generate a single image set with minimal artifacts posterior to the metal implants. The algorithm was evaluated using a phantom simulating a HN patient with dental fillings. Baseline (no artifacts) geometrical measurements of the phantom were taken in the anterior–posterior, left–right, and superior–inferior directions and compared to the metal‐corrected images using our algorithm to evaluate possible distortion from application of the algorithm. Mean HU numbers were also compared between the baseline scan and corrected image sets. A similar analysis was performed on the vendor's algorithm for comparison. The algorithm developed in this work successfully preserved the image geometry and HU and corrected the CT metal artifacts in the region posterior to the metal. The average total distortion for all gantry angles in the AP, LR, and SI directions was 0.17, 0.12, and 0.14 mm, respectively. The HU measurements showed significant consistency throughout the different reconstructed images when compared to the baseline image sets. The vendor's algorithm also showed no geometrical distortion but performed inferiorly in the HU number analysis compared to our technique. Our novel metal artifact management algorithm, using CT gantry angle tilts, provides a promising technique for clinical management of metal artifacts from dental amalgam.
Long‐term phosphate fertilization strategies evaluation in a Brazilian Oxisol
Authors: Zancanaro de Oliveira Luiz E. , de Sousa Djalma M. G. , de Figueiredo Cícero C. , Nunes Rafael de S. , Malaquias Juaci V.
Published: June 2020

There are concerns related to the application of phosphate fertilizers to weathered soils that present low soil test phosphorus (STP) due to P adsorption in iron oxyhydroxides. Furthermore, long‐term trials are needed to evaluate crop response to corrective P fertilization and its interaction with different maintenance P fertilization strategies in these soils. An experiment involving the combination of three initial corrective P fertilization schemes (control without P correction or with the application of 105 kg P ha−1 as triple superphosphate [TSP] or reactive rock phosphate [RRP]), four P maintenance strategies (a control without the application of maintenance P, or 35 kg P ha−1 yr−1 as TSP, RRP, or a mix of both) and two application methods was cultivated during 16 yr at the Embrapa Cerrados experimental station in Planaltina, DF, Brazil. Corrective P fertilization promoted an early crop yield response. In contrast, high crop yields were only obtained in control treatments with no corrective P fertilization after soil P stocks were increased to a minimum level. With increasing P stocks, broadcast application resulted in slightly better yields. The required residual P stocks in soil to obtain high yields were estimated as equivalent to 113.6 and 205.2 kg P ha−1 for TSP and RRP, respectively. These values allow for STP contents to increase to critical levels, whose value for TSP of 4.1 mg kg−1 Mehlich‐1 P is below that recommended for the region, possibly due to the contribution of organic P forms in the long‐term no‐tillage system.
Maternal SLE and brachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata in a patient with unrelated de novo RAF1 and SIX2 variants
Authors: Alkhunaizi Ebba , Unger Sharon , Shannon Patrick , Nishimura Gen , Blaser Susan , Chitayat David
Published: June 2020

Our improved tools to identify the aetiologies in patients with multiple abnormalities resulted in the finding that some patients have more than a single genetic condition and that some of the diagnoses made in the past are acquired rather than inherited. However, limited knowledge has been accumulated regarding the phenotypic outcome of the interaction between different genetic conditions identified in the same patients. We report a newborn girl with brachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata (BCDP) as well as frontonasal dysplasia, ptosis, bilateral hearing loss, vertebral anomalies, and pulmonary hypoplasia who was found, by whole exome sequencing, to have a de novo pathogenic variant in RAF1 (c.770C>T, [p.Ser257Leu]) and a likely pathogenic variant in SIX2 (c.760G>A [p.A254T]), as well as maternal systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This case shows that BCDP is most probably not a diagnostic entity and can be associated with various conditions associated with CDP including maternal SLE.
Early neurodevelopmental and medical profile in children with sex chromosome trisomies: Background for the prospectiveeXtraordinarYbabies study to identify early risk factors and targets for intervention
Authors: Tartaglia Nicole , Howell Susan , Davis Shanlee , Kowal Karen , Tanda Tanea , Brown Mariah , Boada Cristina , Alston Amanda , Crawford Leah , Thompson Talia , van Rijn Sophie , Wilson Rebecca , Janusz Jennifer , Ross Judith
Published: June 2020

Sex chromosome trisomies (SCT), including Klinefelter syndrome/XXY, Trisomy X, and XYY syndrome, occur in 1 of every 500 births. The past decades of research have resulted in a broadening of known associated medical comorbidities as well as advances in psychological research. This review summarizes what is known about early neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and medical manifestations in young children with SCT. We focus on recent research and unanswered questions related to the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders that commonly present in the first years of life and discuss the medical and endocrine manifestations of SCT at this young age. The increasing rate of prenatal SCT diagnoses provides the opportunity to address gaps in the existing literature in a new birth cohort, leading to development of the eXtraordinarY Babies Study. This study aims to better describe and compare the natural history of SCT conditions, identify predictors of positive and negative outcomes in SCT, evaluate developmental and autism screening measures commonly used in primary care practices for the SCT population, and build a rich data set linked to a bank of biological samples for future study. Results from this study and ongoing international research efforts will inform evidence‐based care and improve health and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Surgeon cost feedback through a surgical receipt program reduces cost in sinonasal surgery
Authors: Gill Amarbir S. , Reddy Renuka K. , Kulinich Andrea G , Kim Joanna , Wilson Machelle D , Liang Jonathan , Strong E. Bradley , Steele Toby O.
Published: June 2020

Background

Operating room (OR) costs are a large portion of healthcare expenses. This study evaluates the impact of a surgeon‐targeted surgical receipt cost feedback system on OR supply costs in sinonasal surgery and individual components contributing to procedural cost.

Methods

Itemized weekly surgical receipts detailing individual case supply costs were analyzed before and after the implementation of a non‐incentivized surgeon cost feedback system between January 2017 and June 2019. Supply cost data collected 15 months prior to intervention was compared to cost data 15 months after implementation of the weekly automated receipt dissemination to surgeons. Chi square test was used for categorical data and the Wilcoxon test was used to compare change in cost. Univariate and mediation analyses were performed to assess variables impacting cost.

Results

Of 502 sinonasal procedures analyzed, 239 were before and 264 after cost feedback implementation. There were no significant differences in age/gender, or indication for surgery. The median OR supply cost decreased from $1229.64 to $1097.22 (p = 0.02) after receipt implementation. There were effects of procedure type (p = 0.02), circulating nurse specialization (p < 0.001), steroid eluting stent (p = 0.002), and sinus drill (p < 0.001) on cost. Mediation analysis confirmed full mediation by decreasing use of steroid‐eluting stents.

Conclusion

Surgeon cost feedback in the form of individualized OR surgical receipts is an effective model to reduce supply cost per case in sinonasal surgery.
Refined carbohydrate‐rich diet is associated with long‐term risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in apolipoprotein E ε4 allele carriers
Authors: Gentreau Mélissa , Chuy Virginie , Féart Catherine , Samieri Cécilia , Ritchie Karen , Raymond Michel , Berticat Claire , Artero Sylvaine
Published: June 2020

Introduction

In animal models, refined carbohydrates (RF) worsen Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the long‐term effects of high RF intake on the risk of dementia and AD are poorly described in epidemiological studies. Moreover, the interaction between RF and the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE‐ε4) is unknown. Our study investigated whether RF‐rich diets are associated with the risk of dementia and AD.

Methods

The glycemic load (GL) was quantified in 2777 elderly participants from the French Three‐City Study to estimate RF intake. Then, the associations between GL and risk of dementia and AD, and the interaction with APOE‐ε4 over a 12‐year period were assessed using proportional hazards models.

Results

After adjustment for potential confounders, high afternoon‐snack GL was associated with increased dementia and AD risk in APOE‐ε4 carriers (hazard ratio = 1.27 [1.03–1.56]).

Discussion

This study highlights that RF‐rich diets are a risk factor for dementia and AD in APOE‐ε4 carriers.
Magnetic‐Field‐Controlled Quantum Critical Points in the Triangular Antiferromagnetic Cs2CuCl4‐xBrx Mixed System
Authors: van Well Natalija , Ramakrishnan Sitaram , Beauvois Ketty , Qureshi Navid , Ressouche Eric , Skoulatos Markos , Georgii Robert , Zaharko Oksana , van Smaalen Sander
Published: June 2020

The triangular antiferromagnetic Cs2CuCl4‐xBrx mixed system is studied by neutron single‐crystal diffraction in magnetic field. It shows a rich magnetic phase diagram consisting of four regimes depending on the Br concentration and is characterized by different exchange coupling mechanisms. For the investigated compositions from regime I (0 < x ≤ 1.5), a critical magnetic field Bc is found for a Br concentration x = 0.8 at Bc = 8.10(1) T and for x = 1.1 at Bc = 7.73(1) T and from regime IV (3.2 < x < 4) for x = 3.3 at Bc = 0.99(3) T. For magnetic fields larger than the respective Bc, magnetic superlattice reflections of these compounds are not found. The incommensurate magnetic wave vector q = (0, 0.470, 0) appears below the ordering temperature TN = 0.51(1) K for Cs2CuCl3.2Br0.8, and q = (0, 0.418, 0) below TN = 1.00(6) K for Cs2CuCl0.3Br3.7. Neutron diffraction experiments at around 60 mK for x = 3.7 in a magnetic field show the critical magnetic field at Bc = 7.94(16) T and the formation of the second magnetic phase at around 8.5 T depending on the temperature. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments for the compound from regime III (2 < x ≤ 3.2) with x = 2.2 show dynamical correlations at a temperature around 50 mK giving evidence for a spin liquid phase.
Mixed Anionic and Cationic Redox Chemistry in a Tetrathiomolybdate Amorphous Coordination Framework
Authors: Zhu Qi , Wang Jiande , Liu Xuelian , Ebejer Neil , Rambabu Darsi , Vlad Alexandru
Published: June 2020

We report the electrochemistry of a hitherto unexplored Na2MoS4 phase as a conversion electrode material for Na‐ and Li‐ion batteries. The material adopts an amorphous coordination polymer structure with mixed Mo and S valences. XPS and XRD analysis reveal a complex interplay between Mo and S redox chemistry, while excluding the formation of free sulfur, lithium sulfide, or other crystalline phases. Na2MoS4 behaves as a mixed ionic–electronic conductor, with electronic conductivity of 6.1×10−4 S cm−1, that permits carbon‐free application in an electrochemical cell. A reversible capacity of up to 500 mAh g−1 was attained, corresponding to a five‐electron redox exchange, with species ranging from <Na<1MoS4> (highest oxidized state) to 5MoS4> (lowest oxidized state). This study emphasizes the excellent charge‐storage performances of Na2MoS4 for Li‐ or Na‐ion batteries, and enriches the emerging library and knowledge of sulfide phases with mixed anionic and cationic redox properties.