bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The neural architecture of sleep regulation – insights from Drosophila
Authors: Suárez-Grimalt Raquel , Raccuglia Davide
Published: September 2021

The neural mechanisms that balance waking and sleep to ensure adequate sleep quality in mammals are highly complex, often eluding functional insight. In the last two decades, researchers made impressive progress in studying the less complex brain of the invertebrate model organism Drosophila melanogaster, which has led to a deeper understanding of the neural principles of sleep regulation. Here, we will review these findings to illustrate that neural networks require sleep to undergo synaptic reorganization that allows for the incorporation of experiences made during the waking hours. Sleep need, therefore, can arise as a consequence of sensory processing, often signalized by neural networks as they synchronize their electrical patterns to generate slow-wave activity. The slow-wave activity provides the neurophysiological basis to establish a sensory gate that suppresses sensory processing to provide a resting phase which promotes synaptic rescaling and clearance of metabolites from the brain. Moreover, we demonstrate how neural networks for homeostatic and circadian sleep regulation interact to consolidate sleep into a specific daily period. We particularly highlight that the basic functions and physiological principles of sleep are highly conserved throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, allowing us to identify the functional components and neural interactions that construct the neural architecture of sleep regulation.
Apocalypticism and Globalization in the Early Modern World: A Medievalist’s Perspective
Authors: Rubenstein Jay
Published: September 2021

The apocalyptic belief systems from early modernity discussed in this series of articles to varying degrees have precursors in the Middle Ages. The drive to map the globe for purposes both geographic and symbolic, finds expression in explicitly apocalyptic manuscripts produced throughout the Middle Ages. An apocalyptic political discourse, especially centered on themes of empire and Islam, developed in the seventh century and reached extraordinary popularity during the Crusades. Speculation about the end of world history among medieval intellectuals led them not to reject the natural world but to study it more closely, in ways that set the stage for the later Age of Discovery. These broad continuities between the medieval and early modern, and indeed into modernity, demonstrate the imperative of viewing apocalypticism not as an esoteric fringe movement but as a constructive force in cultural creation.
Health effects associated with phthalate activity on nuclear receptors
Authors: Begum Thoin Farzana , Carpenter David
Published: September 2021

Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, widely used as plasticizers to impart flexibility in plastics, and as solvents in personal care products. Due to their nearly ubiquitous use in consumer products, most humans are exposed to phthalates daily. There has been extensive research on the reproductive health effects associated with phthalate exposure, but less attention has been paid to other actions. This review aims to summarize the known action of phthalates on different nuclear receptors. Some phthalates bind to and activate the estrogen receptor, making them weakly estrogenic. However, other phthalates antagonize androgen receptors. Some high molecular weight phthalates antagonize thyroid receptors, affecting metabolism. Several phthalates activate and interfere with the normal function of different peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), receptors that have critical roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Some phthalates activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is critical for xenobiotic metabolism. Although phthalates have a short half-life in vivo, because people are continuously exposed, studies should examine the health effects of phthalates associated with long-term exposure. There is limited research on the effects of phthalates on health outcomes aside from reproductive function, particularly concerning are childhood adiposity, behavior, and learning. There is also limited information on actions of phthalates not mediated via nuclear receptors. Humans are exposed to multiple chemicals simultaneously, and how chemical mixtures act on nuclear receptor activity needs study. Although we know a great deal about phthalates, there is still much that remains uncertain. Future studies need to further examine their other potential health effects.
Molecular interaction investigation of some alkaline earth metal salts in aqueous citric acid at various temperatures by physiochemical studies
Authors: Kumar Manish , Kant Shashi , Kaushal Deepika
Published: September 2021

Densities, ultrasonic velocity, conductance and viscosity of some alkaline earth metal chlorides such as magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) were calculated in the concentration range (0.01–0.12 mol kg−1) in 0.01 mol kg−1 aqueous solution of citric acid (CA + H2O) at four varying temperatures T
1 = 303.15 K, T
2 = 308.15 K, T
3 = 313.15 K and T
4 = 318.15 K. The parameters like apparent molar volume (ϕ

v
), limiting apparent molar volume (

ϕ
v
o

${\phi }_{v}^{o}$

) and transfer volume (Δtr

ϕ
v
o

${\phi }_{v}^{o}$

) were calculated from density data. Viscosity data have been employed to calculate Falkenhagen coefficient (A), Jone–Dole’s coefficient (B), relative viscosity (η

r
), and relaxation time (τ) whereas limiting molar conductance (

Λ
m
o

${{\Lambda}}_{m}^{o}$

) has been evaluated from conductance studies. Using these parameters, various type of interactions occurred in the molecules have been discussed. Values of Hepler’s constant (d
2

ϕ
v
o

${\phi }_{v}^{o}$

/dT
2)
p
, (dB/dT) and d(

Λ
m
o

${{\Lambda}}_{m}^{o}$

η

o
)/dT suggests that both MgCl2 and CaCl2 behave as structure breaker in (CA + H2O) system. The positive value of transfer volume exclusively tells about solute–solvent interactions which further indicate that both metal chlorides distort the structure of water and act as structure breaker. These studies are helpful in understanding the nature of interactions occurs in biological systems as CA and metal salts are essential for normal functioning of body.
Der US-Iran-Konflikt und die fehlenden Gesichter der Macht
Authors: Heidbrink Christiane , Nock Philip J.
Published: September 2021

Während der nukleare Konflikt zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika unter der Präsidentschaft Donald J. Trumps und dem Iran in der globalen Öffentlichkeit und Forschung weite Beachtung findet, wurde eine systematische Untersuchung der Machtmechanismen bislang vernachlässigt. Hierbei bieten die sogenannten drei Gesichter der Macht einen Analyserahmen, der in der deutschsprachigen Literatur einer kritischen Modernisierung bedarf. Somit greift der vorliegende Artikel diese Forschungslücken auf und widmet sich ihnen in einer kombinierten Reflexion aus Theorie und Praxis. Dies vertieft das wissenschaftliche Verständnis der Handlungslogiken der jeweiligen Führungseliten sowie Chancen und Grenzen der Machtprojektion. So zeigt die kombinierte Analyse, dass strategische Fehlwahrnehmungen von Optionen und Mechanismen unter Präsident Donald J. Trump nicht nur die Interessendurchsetzung schmälerten, sondern sogar kontraproduktiv wirkten. Entsprechend erklärt der Artikel das anhaltende Bestehen des US-iranischen Antagonismus und eröffnet eine konstruktive Agenda für künftige Machtforschung.
No Evidence for Neural Overlap between Unconsciously Processed and Imagined Stimuli
Authors: Dijkstra Nadine , van Gaal Simon , Geerligs Linda , Bosch Sander E. , van Gerven Marcel A. J.
Published: September 2021

Visual representations can be generated via feedforward or feedback processes. The extent to which these processes result in overlapping representations remains unclear. Previous work has shown that imagined stimuli elicit similar representations as perceived stimuli throughout the visual cortex. However, while representations during imagery are indeed only caused by feedback processing, neural processing during perception is an interplay of both feedforward and feedback processing. This means that any representational overlap could be because of overlap in feedback processes. In the current study, we aimed to investigate this issue by characterizing the overlap between feedforward- and feedback-initiated category representations during imagined stimuli, conscious perception, and unconscious processing using fMRI in humans of either sex. While all three conditions elicited stimulus representations in left lateral occipital cortex (LOC), significant similarities were observed only between imagery and conscious perception in this area. Furthermore, connectivity analyses revealed stronger connectivity between frontal areas and left LOC during conscious perception and in imagery compared with unconscious processing. Together, these findings can be explained by the idea that long-range feedback modifies visual representations, thereby reducing representational overlap between purely feedforward- and feedback-initiated stimulus representations measured by fMRI. Neural representations influenced by feedback, either stimulus driven (perception) or purely internally driven (imagery), are, however, relatively similar.
Intrinsic Functional Connectivity of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Is Associated with Tolerance to Distress
Authors: Dezachyo Or , Kozak Stas , Bar-Haim Yair , Censor Nitzan , Dayan Eran
Published: September 2021

The ability to adapt under significant adversity, defined as psychological resilience, is instrumental in preventing stress-related disorders. An important aspect of resilience is the capacity to endure affective distress when in pursuit of goals, also known as distress tolerance. Evidence that links intrinsic baseline interactions within large-scale functional networks with performance under distress remains missing. We hypothesized that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) may engage in distress tolerance because of its involvement in attention and emotion regulation. Accordingly, we tested whether behavioral performance under distress is associated with baseline resting-state ACC functional connectivity (FC). Distress tolerance was measured in 97 participants using the behavioral indicator of resiliency to distress (BIRD) task. Analyses contrasted participants who quit the task before its designated termination (n = 51) with those who persisted throughout it (n = 46). Seed-based FC analysis indicated greater connectivity between the ACC and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in subjects who persisted throughout the task, along with greater FC between the ACC and the precentral gyrus in those who quit before its termination. The results shed light on the mechanisms underlying interindividual differences in the ability to handle distress.
An approach to Plant Disease Detection using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Bhuvana J , Mirnalinee T. T
Published: September 2021

Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. Conventional farming systems are no longer being followed by our generation, due to lack of knowledge and expertise. Advancement of technologies pave a path that make a transition from traditional farming methods to smart agriculture by automating the processes involved. Challenges faced by today’s agriculture are depletion of soil nutrients and diseases caused by pests which lead to low productivity, irrigation problems, soil erosion, shortage of storage facilities, availability of quality seeds, lack of transportation, poor marketing etc. Among all these challenges in agriculture, prediction of diseases remains a major issue to be addressed. Identifying diseases based on visual inspection is the traditional way of farming which needs knowledge and experience to handle. Automating the process of detecting and identifying through visual inspection (cognitive) is the motivation behind this work. This is made possible with the availability of images of the plant or parts of plants, since most diseases are reflected on the leaves. A deep learning network architecture named Plant Disease Detection Network PDDNet-cv and a transfer learning approach of identifying diseases in plants were proposed. Our proposed system is compared with VGG19, ResNet50, InceptionResNetV2, the state-of-the-art methods reported in [9, 13, 5] and the results show that our method is significantly performing better than the existing systems. Our proposed PDDNet-cv has achieved average classification accuracy of 99.09% in detecting different classes of diseases. The proposed not so deep architecture is performing well compared to other deep learning architectures in terms of performance and computational time.
Blow by Blow: Sankofa as a Means to Move Forward
Authors: Taylor Christopher
Published: September 2021

The foreword to the inaugural issue of the Sankofa Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies.
Healthcare Reform: Implications for Mental Health in Rural America
Authors: Wisniewski Greg
Published: September 2021

Rural communities are significantly impacted by mental health and substance use disorders. Reform is needed to solve these issues. The Biden Administration’s Public Option and Representatives Pramila Jayapal and Debbie Dingell's Medicare for All Act of 2021 aim to improve the United State’s health care system. While each of these pieces of legislation are steps in the right direction, additional investment is needed in mental health infrastructure in order to make meaningful improvements in rural communities.
Thermal Performance Improvement and Contamination Control Strategies in an Operating Room
Authors: Wang Fu-Jen , Permana Indra , Rakhsit Dibakar , Azizah Riza Siti
Published: September 2021

Operating room is a cleanroom that provides thermal comfort and good indoor air quality (IAQ) to support the surgery process. The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system plays a critical role for the health protection regarding to IAQ, i.e., thermal performance, air changes per hour, pressurization, filtration, air distribution, etc. However, HVAC system in the operating room is operated for 24 hours year-round with intensive energy consumption. Energy-efficient approaches for the HVAC system is also quite challenging in term of contamination control to meet the standards specifications. In this study, a full-scale operating room was carried out through field measurements and numerical analysis extensively. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation has been carried out and verified with field measurement data. Thermal comfort performance along with temperature distribution and velocity profile have been simulated extensively. The energy-efficient approach by reducing the face velocity of the HEPA filter was examined which is done by reducing the velocity from 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 (m/s) for energy-saving concern but still need to meet the thermal performance and minimum contamination control requirement. The results reveal how the potential of HVAC systems to control air contamination, a comfortable thermal environment for occupants and the possibility of energy-efficient approaches in the operating room.
Análisis espectral de la cinemática esencial del vacío
Authors: Monroy Cárdenas Oscar Santiago , Merma Jara Marco Antonio
Published: September 2021

Se realiza un análisis de Fourier de las ecuaciones paramétricas que describen la cinemática esencial del vacío subyacente de los sistemas naturales, asumiendo que en dicho vacío se ejecutaría la información organizada que recibe el sistema para su funcionamiento inteligente. Se utiliza el modelo de los cuantos vectoriales para describir el mecanismo de transmisión de la información mediante la propagación de la luz desde un emisor, el cual se hallaría en una dimensión espacial superior, hasta el receptor, es decir, el sistema autoorganizado. Considerando el concepto de resonancia, el análisis revela que todo sistema autoorganizado tendría un radio de resonancia el cual alcanza un máximo valor cuando la magnitud del cuanto vectorial asociado a la información transportada por la luz coincide con la magnitud del cuanto vectorial característico del sistema. La simetría especular que presenta la ecuación del radio de resonancia significaría que para cada cuanto vectorial asociado al vacío real subyacente de un sistema existe otro cuanto vectorial opuesto asociado al vacío virtual subyacente del sistema. En condiciones de cuasiequilibrio del sistema estos cuantos vectoriales no serían exactamente opuestos, por lo que se le atribuyen pequeñas fluctuaciones compatibles con las frecuencias de vibración que se detectan en todo sistema natural. Teniendo en cuenta el criterio de las pequeñas fluctuaciones sería posible realizar, en condiciones de resonancia, una medida bien definida del cuanto vectorial de resonancia de un sistema, siempre que las fluctuaciones del cuanto vectorial asociado al vórtice de luz o radiación utilizada se aproxime a las fluctuaciones propias del sistema. Finalmente, se obtiene una ecuación que describe la dispersión de los cuantos vectoriales en el vacío subyacente de un sistema. Esta ecuación indica que en dicho vacío la distribución espectral de los cuantos vectoriales varía inversamente proporcional al cuadrado de la magnitud de cada uno de ellos. Además, la distribución espectral puede ser simulada mediante series numéricas compatibles con patrones existentes en la naturaleza.
A Comparative Legal Analysis of the Right of Association in Trade Unions in Ukraine and the Countries of the European Union
Authors: Kaplin Serhii
Published: September 2021

The constitutional regulation of the status of trade unions in Ukraine has incorporated all international standards and, in comparison with some constitutions of the states of the European Union, contains detailed regulation of this right. The effective functioning of the institution of trade unions can have a significant impact not only on the protection of the social and economic rights of workers in the process of interaction with employers, but also influence the public authorities in order to optimize the implementation of social policy at the national level and reduce social tension.
Factors influencing emergency medical competencies of health centers and fire stations in areas that are vulnerable to earthquakes
Authors: Baek Seolhyang , Han Seungwoo
Published: September 2021

Objective This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the emergency medical competency (EMC), perceived by the fire station and health center staff, in the areas where of emergency medical vulnerability where earthquakes had occurred.Methods This study was conducted between December 2019 and February 2020. A proper questionnaire was created to evaluate EMC in disaster situations and administered to the fire station and the health center groups. Descriptive variables of each group were calculated. The Kendall rank correlation analysis was used to measure the relationships between the demographic variables, disaster-related variables, and EMC. The factors influencing the EMC for both groups were investigated in the linear regression analysis.Results For a total of 200 respondents, the mean scores of EMC were 99.85±21.24 and 95.24±20.05 for the fire station (n=96) and the health center (n=104) groups, respectively (P=0.121). EMC was significantly correlated with age, years of service, job position, natural disaster experience, disaster relief service experience, and joint disaster response exercise (P<0.050). Linear regression analysis revealed that the duration of joint disaster response exercise (β=0.640, t=11.696) in Model 1 (F=136.806, P<0.001), the duration of joint disaster response exercise (β=0.627, P<0.001), and disaster rescue service experience (β=0.124, P<0.001) in Model 2 (F=72.431, P<0.001) were independently associated with EMC improvement.Conclusion Our findings indicate that the disaster preparedness program with a longer duration of joint disaster response exercise and more frequent disaster rescue service experience is necessary for improved and systematic response to a disaster.
Two case reports of pneumatosis intestinalis in patients with cancer: is surgical management mandatory?
Authors: Yeo In Hwan , Kim Yun Jeong
Published: September 2021

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) can be classified into two groups. Primary PI is idiopathic, and patients can recover spontaneously. In contrast, secondary PI is considered fatal due to the high mortality rate associated with mesenteric ischemia. Herein, we describe two patients with PI and concurrent pneumoperitoneum. Both patients were receiving targeted anticancer therapy, yet neither developed abdominal pain nor fatal symptoms. One of the patients underwent surgery, while the other was managed conservatively. Even though there were no complications, the patient who underwent surgery was hospitalized for 34 days, whereas the one who was managed conservatively was hospitalized for only five days. Usually, patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy are immunosuppressed and susceptible to infections. Therefore, based on the patients’ clinical features, surgical management of patients with cancer who develop PI after receiving anticancer chemotherapy should be done prudently.
A era do corporativismo : regimes, representações e debates no Brasil e em Portugal
Authors: Abreu Luciano Aronne de , Santos Paula Borges
Published: September 2021

Os estudos do corporativismo foram retomados nos últimos anos, mas há questões que ainda merecem ser revisitadas e outras que carecem ainda de maiores estudos por parte da comunidade científica. Nesse sentido, por exemplo, importa aprofundar como se difundiu o ideário corporativo; como algumas das ideias que o compunham foram acolhidas e defendidas por intelectuais e políticos, muito antes da emergência do regime autoritário; que características assumiram os organismos de representação política face ao referencial corporativo; que reflexos teve esse ideário no plano jurídico e na construção de dispositivos normativos e de regulação. Esses são justamente alguns dos temas aqui reunidos para publicação na obra A Era do Corporativismo: Regimes, Representações e Debates no Brasil e em Portugal, que conta com a participação de importantes estudiosos portugueses e brasileiros.
Rye: Current state and future trends in research and applications
Authors: Németh R. , Tömösközi S.
Published: September 2021

After wheat, rye is the second most important raw material for bread and bakery products, and it is one of the most excellent sources of dietary fibres and bioactive compounds. Besides, rye is utilised in more and more other food products as well, such as breakfast cereals, porridges, pasta, snack products, etc. Interestingly, its production is decreasing worldwide, probably because of the expansion of other cereals (e.g. triticale), but also the effect of climate change can also play a role therein. However, there is no doubt that scientific research aimed at studying the possible health benefits and the potential of rye in the development of novel food products has intensified over the past decade.

The aim of our paper is to make a comprehensive review of the latest results on the compositional and technological properties of rye that fundamentally influence its utilisation for food purposes. Furthermore, this review aims to identify the current development directions and trends of rye products.
Development of a novel MR clutch featuring tooth-shaped disc
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Hung , Diep Bao Tri , Nguyen Duy Hung , Nguyen Van Bien , Vu Van Bo , Do Qui Duyen
Published: September 2021

In this research, we focus on development of a new configuration of magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) based clutch (MRC) featuring a tooth-shaped disc with multiple teeth acting as multiple magnetic poles of the clutch. The tooth-shaped disc is placed in a clutch housing composed of the left housing and the right housing. The inner face the housing also has tooth shaped features mating with the teeth of the disc through the working MRF. Excitation coils are placed directly on stationary winding cores placed on both side of the clutch housing. An air gap of 0.3 mm is left between the housing and the winding cores to ensure the housing can freely rotate against the winding cores. After the introductory part, configuration of the MRC is introduced and the transmitted torque of the MRC is derived. An optimization process to minimize the overall volume of the proposed clutch, which can generate a required maximum braking torque, is then conducted. The optimal results show that the overall volume of the proposed MRC is significantly reduced compared to a referenced conventional MRC (0.159 m3 vs. 0.295 m3). A prototype of the proposed MRC is fabricated for experimental works and good agreement between the experimental results and simulated ones is archived.
Consideraciones gerenciales para el direccionamiento estratégico de la investigación en las universidades
Authors: Madriz-Rodríguez Delia Alejandra , Nieto-Sánchez Zulmary Carolina , Ramírez-Quintero Freddy Antonio , Ugueto-Maldonado Martha Graciela , Vergel-Ortega Mawency
Published: September 2021

El objetivo fue desarrollar consideraciones gerenciales en las cuales cimentar el direccionamiento estratégico de la investigación en las universidades. Fue un estudio cualitativo, de diseño bibliográfico, nivel explicativo y bajo el método hermenéutico-dialéctico, desarrollado sobre la base de textos y antecedentes en torno a la academia universitaria. Los resultados revelan que en el contexto mundial, persisten sendas debilidades en la gestión de la investigación en las universidades, lo cual determina la necesidad de direccionamiento estratégico. Las consideraciones gerenciales apuntan a la inexorable transposición de la investigación, pasando de actividad académica, a estrategia misional, productiva y competitiva de la universidad.
Alterations in leaf anatomy, quality, and quantity of flavonols and photosynthetic pigments in Nigella sativa L. subjected to drought and salinity stresses
Authors: AGHAJANZADEH-GHESHLAGHI Shiva , PEYVANDI Maryam , MAJD Ahmad , ABBASPOUR Hossein
Published: September 2021

Nigella sativa was widely used for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The present study investigated the effect of drought and salinity stresses on anatomical leaves structure and some biochemical properties to increase the secondary metabolites. For salt stress plants were treated with NaCl (30, 60 mM), and for drought stress plants were irrigated daily (control), once every two days (2DI) and once every three days (3DI). Compared to control plants, 2DI, 3DI, and NaCl 60 mM treatments increase significantly leaf rutin content, while the amount of rutin in seeds of NaCl 60 mM treated plants showed a significant decrease. 3DI treatment also significantly increased rutin content in seeds compared to NaCl 30 mM and control plants.  The maximum level of quercetin (0.58 mg g−1 DW), kaempferol (0.16 mg g−1 DW), and myricetin (0.04 mg g−1 DW) in leaves were gained in both NaCl treatments. However, the flavonol components were affected more at salinity conditions rather than drought. In all treated plants, the amount of these compounds in leaves was more than in seeds. The highest amount of total phenol (130 mg g−1 DW), flavonoids (11.4 mg g−1 DW), and carotenoid content (1.55 mg g−1 DW) of leaves were observed under 2DI stress. Treated plants probably encountered different changes in the anatomical structure of leaves, including the decrease of phloem area, reducing vascular bundles and diameters, decreasing the number, and increasing the volume of cortex cells. The study also corroborates the cooperation between increasing the antioxidant capacity with the total flavonoid, rutin, and quercetin. Results indicated a higher sensitivity of N. sativa to drought stress than salinity stress and indicated that moderate salinity and drought could enhance secondary metabolites of seeds in this plant. The formation of potent antioxidants via the treatments could be worthy for pharmaceutical industries.
Effects of silane treatment on the bond between steel fibres and mortar
Authors: Miller Hugh D. , Akbarnezhad Ali , Mesgari Sara , Foster Stephen J.
Published: September 2021

The ability of fibres to resist crack growth in fibre-reinforced concrete can be significantly influenced by the fibre–matrix bond. This investigation reveals surface treatment of fibres as a viable technique for developing a uniform bond along the fibre–cement interface to resist growth of microcracks and thereby complement the physical restraint against pull-out provided by fibres’ shape and friction. Previous reports have shown effective chemical treatment of glass, carbon and polypropylene fibres. However, research into chemical surface treatment processes for steel fibres, the most common in concrete, is scarce and focused on corrosion and dispersion, rather than the fibre–matrix bond. Here, a silane treatment technique is proposed to strengthen the steel fibre–cementitious matrix bond. Surface energy measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate the effectiveness of this treatment. Fibre pull-out tests conducted on silane-treated fibres show an apparent increase in pull-out energy, accompanied by a delay in reaching the peak load, compared with untreated fibres, suggesting increased resistance to crack initiation and growth. Furthermore, the results indicate improved flexural strength and direct tensile strength of mortar reinforced with silane-treated fibres compared with untreated fibres. The improvements are further corroborated by results from restrained drying shrinkage and volume of permeable voids.
Is Laparoscopic Surgery Safe During the Pandemic Period?
Authors: ÖZKAN Murat Bulut , DURAK Doğukan , TOPCU Ramazan , YILDIRIM Murat Baki
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected healthcare service systems and personnel worldwide. Important decisions have been made such as surgical activity changes, recommendations to cancel elective surgery, and shifting surgeons to other medical activities. However, following the collection of new data and acceptance that this pandemic would last for at least a few years, firstly elective cases and then laparoscopic operations were started again. While it was reported that the COVID-19 virus was detected in the abdominal cavity in studies published in the form of series of a few cases, there is no clear information about the virulence of this detected virus yet. In guidelines published as recommendations by surgical associations, it is stated that it could be performed by taking the necessary precautions, but open surgery needs to be preferred in positive cases. We aimed in this study to show minimally invasive surgery is safe with all the precautions made preoperatively for both patients and surgical crew.

Material and Method:

We retrospectively examined the laparoscopic cases included between August 2020 and December 2020 at the General Surgery Clinic of the Hitit University Erol Olçok Research and Training Hospital from the hospital’s information system. We collected the ages of the found cases, their preoperative COVID diagnostic tests, and their COVID polyclinic visitation data in their postoperative follow-up. We also examined whether or not the surgical team involved in the surgeries of these patients was diagnosed with COVID-19 within 2 weeks following these surgeries.

Results:

A total of 124 laparoscopic cases were included at our clinic between August 2020 and December 2020. Most of these cases (68.5%) were laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases. A total of 124 laparoscopic cases were included at our clinic between August 2020 and December 2020. Most of these cases (68.5%) were laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases. The surgical team comprised the surgical nurse and operating room personnel under the leadership of the surgeon. Based on verbal questioning, it was determined that no person from the team involved in these surgeries was infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion:
In our study, as a result of our application of all these recommendations in the literature, we did not encounter any contamination in the 124 laparoscopic surgery cases we examined. In conclusion, we think that laparoscopic surgery may be performed safely with taking the necessary precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
The Efficacy of Greater Occipital Nerve Block in Patients With Chronic Migraine
Authors: KARACAN GÖLEN Meltem , YILMAZ OKUYAN Dilek
Published: September 2021

Aim : In chronic migraines(CM), the rate of benefiting from medical treatment is relatively low, and it is known that patients use analgesics extensively. Greater occipital nerve (GON) block, have been started to be used in chronic migraine patients who were refractory to treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the headache attack frequency, analgesic use, VAS (Visual Analog Scale) and MIDAS (Migraine Disability Assessment Scale) scores in the 3-month follow-up of patients we had performed a GON block in our clinic for chronic migraine refractory to medical treatment.
Materials and Methods: A total of 120 CM patients were included in the study. The number of analgesics used, the number of days with pain, and the VAS and MIDAS scores were recorded before the GON block and at one and three months of treatment.
Results: There was a statistically significant (p<0.001*) reduction in the number of days with pain, analgesic use, and the VAS and MIDAS scores in the first and third months compared to the pre-treatment baseline values in patients who had undergone a GON block. No significant differences between the first and third months.
Conclusion: After the GON block, we noted a significant reduction of headaches and improved quality of life in patients who had been experiencing severe headaches despite medical treatment. The GON block has an exceptionally high benefit rate, might be considered as a treatment option before migraines gain chronicity, patients are not exposed to an excessive medical burden and increased treatment costs.
Case-sensitive plural suppletion in Barguzin Buryat: On case containment, suppletion typology, and competition in morphology
Authors: Davis Colin P
Published: September 2021

This paper examines plural suppletion in the Barguzin dialect of Buryat (Mongolic, Russia), which occurs only in accusative and genitive noun phrases. The restricted distribution of this process, specifically its absence in oblique cases, is significant for recent research on the typology of suppletion and the feature structure of case. For much work in this vein, this plural suppletion would qualify as having an ‘ABA’ pattern, which is predicted to be unattested. I argue that the suppletive plural morpheme in question is a portmanteau whose morphological requirements cause it to conflict, for independent reasons, with the realization of oblique noun phrases. Consequently, I argue that its distribution does not falsify the theories that normally ban ABA patterns, but rather instantiates a principled exception to them which sharpens our understanding of them.
Effects of stubble height and season of the year on morphogenetic, structural and quantitative traits of Tanzania grass
Authors: Lage Filho Nauara Moura , Lopes Aline Da Rosa , Do Rêgo Aníbal Coutinho , Domingues Felipe Nogueira , Faturi Cristian , Da Silva Thiago Carvalho , Cândido Ebson Pereira , Silva Wilton Ladeira
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate regrowth period (RP), morphogenetic, structural and productive characteristics of the guinea grass cultivar Tanzania [Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum)] under different stubble heights (SH) during dry (DS) and rainy (RS) seasons in the eastern Amazon region. The treatments were: 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55 cm SH, distributed in a randomized complete block design with 6 replicates. In the 2 seasons, RP decreased linearly with increase in SH, and was considerably shorter in the RS (47 d). Leaf appearance rate decreased linearly from 0.071 to 0.051 leaves/tiller/d with increasing SH, and it was higher during the RS. Increase in SH increased leaf elongation rate, stem elongation rate and leaf area index. In the RS, climatic conditions favored the morphogenesis, resulting in higher herbage accumulation (8,693 kg DM/ha) than in the DS (2,597 kg DM/ha). In associating seasons with SH, we recommend that Tanzania grass be managed at SH between 35 and 45 cm in the DS, resulting in RP from 61 to 64 days, and at SH of 35 cm in the RS, resulting in RP of 41 days. Studies to test this management strategy seem warranted.
Features of switching autowaves of localized plasticity in FCC alloy
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Danilov V.I. , Gorbatenko V.V. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Danilova L.V. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Orlova D.V. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS
Published: September 2021

The kinetics of deformation processes at the yield plateau in the aluminum alloy 1550 studied. It is established that in the general case, the motion of the Lüders band fronts occurs discretely and only in the phase of sample unloading. Continuous motion of the deformation fronts is possible if the rate of relaxation of the applied stresses due to the test machine is greater than or equal to the rate of their decline, controlled by internal processes at a lower scale level. The discrete motion of the Lüders fronts in the 1550 alloy suggests that they are not pure autowaves of switching.
Determining Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups for the Twelveth-Century Medieval Slavic Burial near Zagoryansky Settlement on the Upper Klyazma (Moscow Region). Part II
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia), Chernov S.Z. , Goncharova N.N. ,   Moscow State University (Moscow, Russian Federation), Semenov A.S. ,   Consulting Firm "Deep Dive Group" Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

The study aims at determining Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups of two early medieval Slavic burials at Bolshevo-1 burial ground (near Zagoryansky settlement) on the Klyazma River to consider their possible analogs in other samples of medieval Slavic DNA and to give a historical, archaeological and anthropological interpretation of the result. The comparison of the skulls from Bolshevo-1 with the craniological Slavic series has shown their proximity to the Serbian and West Slavic series. The belonging of Individuals 5666 and 5672 to Y-DNA haplogroups E1b1b and J2a1 suggests the Danube component in the ethnogenesis of this group of the Krivichi tribe, which came from the Upper Volga and the Novgorod-Smolensk border. The mitochondrial haplogroup of Individual 5666 H1e1b allows considering the Baltic branch of the ethnogenesis of this group.
A.YE. BEIDEMAN’S MURALS IN ST. ALEXANDER NEVSKY CATHEDRAL IN PARIS IN CONNECTION WITH THE CRIMEAN PERIOD OF THE ARTIST’S OEUVRE
Authors:   Kharkov State Academy of Design and Arts (Kharkov, Ukraine), Zherdiev Vitalii V.
Published: September 2021

The article is about the little-known murals in St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris (1859– 1861, architect R.I. Kuzmin), painted by Alexander Yegorovich Beideman (1826–1869). The scientific novelty of the results obtained is in the fact that for the first time A. Beideman’s religious works from the Parisian cycle are introduced and placed into scientific circulation. This cycle is master’s most significant preserved religious work and unique in the Orthodox ecclesiastical art of Western Europe of the second half of the 19th century. Although such brilliant masters as E.S. Sorokin, P.S. Sorokin, M.N. Vasilyev and F.A. Bronnikov worked on the creation of the polychrome ensemble of the Parisian cathedral together with Beideman, his murals in Paris became one of the first in the academic period of Russian ecclesiastical art, in which the transition to the traditions of Byzantine iconography was manifested. Beideman painted eighteen images in the lower part of the temple and on the pillars. Images of Our Lady of Akhtyr with St. Mary Magdalene and St. John are in the niche to the left of the central apse; the Deesis with the Virgin and St. John the Baptist is in the niche to the right of the central apse. Images of Christ the Great Bishop, St. Jacob the Apostle, St. John Chrysostom, St. Basil the Great and St. Gregory the Theologian are in the central apse. Images of St. Mitrofan of Voronezh and St. Joseph the Songwriter are in the sacristy. The image of New Testament Trinity is in the conch. Images of Metropolitans of Moscow Peter, Alexius, Jonah, and Philip are on the pillars below the evangelists. The artist avoided a bright palette, working mainly in the ocher-silver gamma, which, along with the frontality and pronounced statics, gave a sense of “incorporeity” to the figures of the saints. The closeness to the traditional iconography was given by the monumental architectonics of the flowing robes and the almost iconographic austerity of the faces. But, nevertheless, there is a big difference in the style solution of Beideman’s paintings in the Parisian cathedral compare to his easel and monumental works of different years. Especially comparing to Beideman’s watercolor etudes for the murals in the Holy Cross Exaltation Church in Livadiya (architect I.A. Monighetti) and St. Olga church of in Mikhailovka near Strelna (architect D.I. Grimm). The author of the article comes to the conclusion, based on the field research materials, his own restoration and research experience and the comparison of Beideman’s surviving works, in particular, in Livadiya, that the painting in the Parisian cathedral could have been somewhat modified over time. But the artist’s conscious stylistic manner is also possible. The chronology of Beideman’s creative path, the exact period of his work in Paris, has been clarified in comparison with the period of his work in the Livadiya church in Crimea.
PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT AS AN ARTIST: FORMING THE DISCOURSE OF OUTSIDER ART IN THE EARLY XXTH CENTURY
Authors:   Perm State University (Perm, Russian Federation), Suvorova Anna A.
Published: September 2021

The author of the article studies the discourse of outsider art and refers to the beginning of its formation: the phenomenon of the art of the mentally ill, which is delineated and legitimized at the early twentieth century. Following the conceptual apparatus of Michel Foucault, the surfaces of emergence and the authorities of delimitation of the art of outsiders (in the early stage of the art of the mentally ill) are initially marginal in relation to the field of art. Instead of traditional instances of art –critics, museums, art critics – in the case of the art of outsiders, the discourse of outsider art was formed by psychiatrists, philosophers, and leftist artists. The transformation of the traditional way of legitimizing the phenomena of art was largely due to the change in the philosophy of culture and, on the one hand, the emergence of the idea of Dionysian values, irrational in culture, on the other, with the emergence of the concepts of the unconscious and the designation of its meaning in the context of personality and culture. The latter has made the field of psychiatry valuable, and psychiatrists new levels of differentiation in culture and art. But it is important to note the cardinal changes that took place in psychiatry in the period of the turn of the XIX–XX century. Including as a result of the activities of the German and Swiss schools, psychiatry becomes complex, multi-component scientific knowledge, was striving to study various aspects of the human psyche. On the other hand, in Germany and Switzerland interest in the art of the mentally ill was formed largely as a result of the active influence of expressionist painting, literature and aesthetics and other avant-garde tendencies; all this sets the stage for significant success in understanding and evaluating the art of psychiatric patients. It is also important that the actual process of legitimizing the art of the mentally ill in the texts of Walter Morgenhalter and Hans Prinzhorn had gone through the using by psychiatrists of the description’s language and analysis’s logic of the indicated phenomena inherent in the contemporary critical art theory.
ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE PHENOMENON
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Edakina Daria A. , Chernyak Eduard I. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

This article is dedicated to the urgency topic of preservation and study of cultural heritage. Because of the limitlessness of the cultural heritage area, the authors took the opportunity to structure the cultural space. They singled out the complex of architecture and urban planning and defined it as an architectural heritage. The named complex includes buildings and structures that incorporate the high construction and artistic skills of their creators and form the surrounding inhabited space. Using the scientific works of N.M. Karamzin, D.S. Likhachev and other investigators, some written and visual sources, the authors of the article reveal the features of the architectural appearance of such medieval cities as Moscow, Novgorod, Pskov, Vologda. It must be note that the close relationship between urban practices and the natural environment as the most important characteristic of architectural heritage is defined. So reviewing historical materials about the ancient Novgorod, academician D.S. Likhachev wrote that unforgettable image of the developed, inhabited country was created. It is important to note that the article contains materials about the death and destruction of architectural monuments, which required their protection. An overview of the monument protection activity in Russia made known that the Imperial Russian Archaeological Society, established in 1846, was pioneered in it. It is noted that the Moscow Archaeological Society achieved the greatest success in the protection and restoration of monuments of church and civil architecture in the middle of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its creators and leaders, spouses A.S. and P.S. Uvarov, had the right to permit or prohibit the restoration and conversion of ancient structures in many cities of the country, and they used this right actively. The events of the 1917 Revolution changed the situation in the architectural heritage area. Identification and protection of architectural monuments was transferred to the state structures. A department for museums and protection of art and antiquities was established as part of the National Education Commissariat (Narcomat of Education). Units of this department formed around the country were called as committees for museums and protection of monuments of art and antiquities. The article reports on the results of the identification and preservation of architectural monuments in Siberian cities Tomsk and Kuznetsk. It is known that in the 1930s many church monuments and civil structures were destroyed in Russia. Still in 1940–1990s the monument protection activity received serious legislative support from the state power. So facts and their interpretation taken together allow the authors to talk about architectural heritage as a phenomenon of Russian history, requiring study and preservation.