bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bottom-up authoring of software engineering methods and practices
Authors: Trujillo Miguel Ehécatl Morales , Oktaba Hanna , Piattini Mario , Ramírez Boris Escalante
Published: January 2020

Software Engineering knowledge is obtained during software engineering efforts, such as projects, experiments and case studies that represent a valuable source of knowledge with which to enrich the discipline. This knowledge is manipulated by practitioners who are in charge of developing, maintaining or integrating software; any practitioner, experienced or beginner, possesses his/her tacit practices in order to carry out their work. However, these ways of working are frequently neither expressed nor collected in order to reason about their characteristics and properties. Moreover, the explicit ways of working, which are presented in process reference models and standards that follow a prescriptive approach, are not suitable for small software development organizations. Small organizations represent a major part of software development organizations, so it is important to know and support how they actually work.

This paper describes KUALI-BEH, a bottom-up metamodel that offers software engineering practitioners an authoring framework with which to express, adapt and share their ways of working as a collection of methods and practices. Validating and applying the metamodel showed that a bottom-up approach benefits small organizations and serves as a first step to reduce the gap between software engineering theory and practice. KUALI-BEH permits small organizations to create an organizational working method and to gradually introduce them to the adoption of standards and reference models. Practitioners with different levels of competence, from inexperienced to senior, adopt and use KUALI-BEH successfully with minimal training and without any consulting services.
An Automated method for the analysis of bearing vibration based on spectrogram pattern matching
Authors: Arun P. , Lincon S. Abraham , Prabhakaran N.
Published: January 2020

As a mean for non-intrusive inspection of bearing systems, the scope of predicting their condition from the acoustic vibrations liberated during their operation, utilizing signal processing methods, has been of extensive research, over decades. Vibration being highly non-stationary, time domain as well as spectral features cannot characterize its behavior. Even though spectrogram is a time-frequency domain feature extraction technique, its interpretation is tedious and perhaps, subjective. In the proposed method, the spectrogram images of the normal vibration data is compared with that of the contextual vibration, using Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM). It is hypothesized that the pattern similarity between the contextual spectrogram and the baseline is low when the bearing is faulty. The SSIM between the spectrogram image of normal bearing vibration data and the baseline is different from those between the baseline and vibration data corresponding to Inner Race Failure (IRF), Roller Element Defect (RED) and Outer Race Failure (ORF). Via the proposed method of spectrogram pattern matching based on SSIM, the subjectivity in the comparative interpretation of spectrogram is eliminated fully. The SSIM corresponding to the vibrations acquired from the normal and faulty bearings differ with a P value of 4.43693x 10-16. The technique can distinguish defective bearings with, 95.74% sensitivity, 96% accuracy and 100% specificity, without dismantling or open intervention
Effect of Cr on electronic and mechanical properties of TiS2 compound: A first-principles study
Authors: Pathak Ashish
Published: January 2020

The electronic structural and mechanical properties for hexagonal structure  of unpolarized TiS2Cr and spin-polarized TiS2Cr compounds have been studied using first principles pseudo potential plane wave method. The equilibrium lattice constant values of unpolarized TiS2 and TiS2Cr compounds are in agreement with the available theoretical data. The unpolarized TiS2 and TiS2Cr compounds display metallic bonding whereas spin-polarized TiS2Cr shows directional bonding. Based on shear to bulk modulus (G/B) ratios, the unpolarized TiS2 and TiS2Cr compounds are associated with ductile behaviour whereas spin-polarized TiS2Cr compound shows brittle nature. The Debye temperature ( ) is higher for spin-polarized TiS2Cr.
Caracterización de la producción científica de Ecuador en el periodo 2007–2017 en Scopus
Authors: Moreira-Mieles Liggia , Morales-Intriago Juan Carlos , Crespo-Gascón Sofía , Guerrero-Casado José
Published: January 2020

Ecuador ha aumentado vertiginosamente su producción científica en los últimos años, actualmente es el sexto país de Latinoamérica y el Caribe con mayor número de artículos publicados en Scopus. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la evolución de la producción científica de Ecuador en Scopus durante el periodo 2007-2017, obteniendo para cada año el número de citas recibidas, el porcentaje de artículos por cuartil, el porcentaje de artículos escritos en inglés, español u otros idiomas, y el porcentaje de documentos publicados como artículos, revisiones y memorias de congresos, entre otros. Los resultados muestran un aumento en la proporción de artículos en Q4 y un descenso en Q1, un aumento en la proporción de artículos escritos en español, y un aumento del porcentaje de documentos publicados como memorias de congreso, mientras que no hubo evidencia de un aumento en el número de citas recibidas. Estos resultados sugieren que el aumento de la producción científica en Ecuador no ha dado como resultado un aumento de la calidad, medida como usabilidad (citas), visibilidad (idioma) e impacto (cuartiles), lo que podría ser resultado de la incipiente ciencia que se está generando en el país.
El poder moderador
Authors: Vega Pedro de
Published: January 2020

El artículo aborda el tema de la institución real desde la perspectiva de la definición de la Jefatura del Estado. El autor recupera las olvidadas ideas del teórico francés, Benjamín Constant, para explicar la naturaleza de la monarquía, discutiendo la legitimidad monárquica tradicional aniquilada por la historia y planteando un problema de estructuración en la organización jurídica del Estado, al que forzosamente había que ofrecer soluciones más coherentes y adecuadas que las que podían derivar de las erróneas interpretaciones en el ámbito jurídico del conflicto político de legitimidades. Para otorgar una vertebración jurídica coherente a la democracia constitucional, el poder del monarca, como jefe del Estado, no puede ser entendido en ningún caso como un poder constituyente y soberano, sino moderador.
El régimen municipal argentino, después de la reforma nacional de 1994
Authors: Abalos María Gabriela
Published: January 2020

La reforma de la Constitución Nacional Argentina de 1994, en materia municipal, ha provocado debates en varias provincias -como el caso de Mendoza- en las que sus remotas constituciones no contemplan dicha autonomía. En el presente trabajo, la autora estudia la evolución del derecho municipal en Argentina, haciendo un estudio comparativo del municipio en el régimen constitucional provincial argentino, en donde señala las diferencias y semejanzas en materia de naturaleza jurídica, territorio y población, organización de poder, formas de elección y duración del mandato, recursos y participación popular y, entre otros temas, competencias municipales. Asimismo, la autora analiza las opiniones doctrinarias y los fallos jurisprudenciales nacionales argentinos que han sobresalido en esta materia para dar una posible vía de solución a este polémico tema, especialmente en el caso de la Provincia de Mendoza.
Teoria geral do direito constitucional comum europeu
Authors: Oliveira Baracho José Alfredo de
Published: January 2020

En un iter evolutivo del pensamiento clásico que va de la Civitas dei a la Civitas humana, con la pretensión de conformar una sociedad humana universal, el autor plantea la paulatina conformación del derecho constitucional europeo y los perfiles del Estado cooperativo constitucional europeo, de acuerdo con los órdenes jurídicos nacionales. La actual conformación de los bloques nacionales presenta el necesario replanteamiento de principios de compatibilidad y armonización de los diversos derechos nacionales, no sólo en el caso de la Unión Europea, sino de las regiones emergentes en otros continentes, llegándose, quizá, a tornar en realidad la Civitas humana.
Nuevas reflexiones sobre la función de investigación de la Suprema Corte de Justicia a 33 años de distancia
Authors: Carpizo Jorge
Published: January 2020

¿Qué tanto puede cambiar una institución jurídica en 33 años? La lectura de este artículo ofrece una amplia respuesta respecto de la facultad de investigación de la Suprema Corte de Justicia, la que en ese tiempo adquirió mayor presencia en nuestro orden jurídico y en el ámbito académico. El autor ubica esta facultad dentro de la justicia constitucional, y expone, con lujo de detalle, su historia, evolución constitucional y un caso de relevancia nacional en que se aplicó, el de Aguas Blancas. En cuanto a su contenido, después de una amplia reflexión, el autor propone la supresión de esta facultad en lo relativo a la investigación de la conducta de algún juez o magistrado, pues hay otra instancia que lo puede hacer, y también considera que debe erradicarse lo que denomina un monstruo jurídico: la investigación de la violación del voto público. El contenido de esta facultad, en consecuencia, queda limitado a la investigación de la violación grave de garantías individuales, como una defensa y protección extraordinaria y excepcional de la Constitución.
A influência dos recursos naturais na transformção do conceito de território
Authors: Faria Nunes Paulo Henrique
Published: January 2020

El concepto tradicional de territorio como uno de los elementos constitutivos de un Estado-Nación ha venido cambiando. El autor analiza el territorio desde su esencia política, jurídica y también desde su perspectiva económica al explotar los recursos naturales del mismo. Considera que los seres vivos deben ser incluidos en este análisis, ya que forman parte de la biodiversidad sobre la que el Estado ejerce su potestad, lo cual provocaría un cambio significativo en la concepción clásica del territorio.
Las relaciones entre la Corte de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas y la Corte Europea de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Demuro Gianmario
Published: January 2020

El trabajo aborda la difícil relación entre la Corte Europea de Derechos Humanos, con sede en Estrasburgo, y la Corte de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas con sede en Luxemburgo, con relación a su competencia y criterios en materia de derechos humanos. Los motivos de preocupación del autor giran en torno a los problemas previsibles en Europa ante la existencia de dos órganos jurisdiccionales con competencia para decidir, sobre asuntos de derechos humanos. Se trata de una confluencia en la posibilidad de decidir no sobre las mismas normas, pero sí sobre contenidos similares en algunas materias, lo que podría llegar a provocar criterios divergentes entre ambos tribunales, al menos en la concepción y el alcance de los derechos sobre los que deciden.
La protesta del presidente de la República. ¿Rito o requisito constitucional?
Authors: Melgar Adalid Mario
Published: January 2020

La protesta constitucional es una de las prácticas protocolarias que da formalidad al contenido constitucional. Jurar, protestar o prometer cumplir con la Constitución significa valorar el compromiso de ejercer la función cuyo desempeño está regulado por la Constitución y las leyes. Tratándose del presidente de la República, figura que ejerce facultades de la mayor relevancia, la protesta es particularmente significativa desde un punto de vista protocolario y formal. No obstante, nunca se había planteado en la vida práctica la hipótesis de que condiciones extraordinarias pudieran impedir el acto de la protesta constitucional. La asunción al Poder Ejecutivo de Felipe Calderón en diciembre de 2006 planteó la sociedad mexicana y a la doctrina constitucional la necesidad de revisar el texto constitucional y precisar los alcances de las disposiciones que norman la protesta constitucional, el momento en que ésta debe rendirse, las condiciones, así como el instante en que el presidente la República asume el cargo para el que fue electo.
La inviolabilidad del domicilio en las Constituciones españolas del siglo XX
Authors: Pascual López Silvia
Published: January 2020

El constitucionalismo español del siglo XX cobra pálpito en el texto republicano del 9 de diciembre de 1931; su artículo 31 será el primero que en su redacción afirme la inviolabilidad, extendiéndola a los nacionales y extranjeros residentes en España. La garantía de la intervención judicial para efectuar la entrada sólo tiene precedente en la Constitución de 1869. Todo ello otorga a ambas Constituciones el más alto rango garantista en la protección domiciliaria, a la que se sumará, con el mismo propósito, el artículo 18.2 de la vigente de 1978, funcionalmente homologable. No obstante, hemos de puntualizar que el garantismo de la Constitución de la Segunda República se vio seriamente limitado por las leyes de la Defensa de la República y de Orden Público. Los planteamientos del régimen franquista prestan atención a la inviolabilidad domiciliaria restringiéndola a los españoles, argumentando su legitimidad en mérito de unos valores que aún proclamados por el Fuero de los Españoles, raramente se respetaron. Por su parte, los constituyentes de 1978, empeñados en estructurar el Estado democrático y aquilatar las libertades, no manifiestan un interés específico sobre la inviolabilidad domiciliaria, que no sea el relativo a matizaciones sobre procedimiento.
Advanced technologies in the modern era for augmented patient health care and drug delivery
Authors: Dev Asish , Khanra Soma , Shah Nilay
Published: January 2020

The objective of the work is to recognize the recent advancements in the modern health care and drug delivery systems. The article describes few recent developments in technology like artificial intelligence, personalized medicines, customized medicines, 3D printing, bioelectronic devices and tele pharmacy, which have the potential to augment health care and drug delivery in coming times. Personalized medication ensures precise health care as per the individual genetic makeup of the patients. The 3D printing technology enables to deliver tailor made solutions to fulfil individual patient requirements. Bioelectronic medicines and devices are new technology where the patient wears a device and its electrical signal cures certain ailments. Tele pharmacy ensures that the technological advances of telecommunications are also passed on to the patient health care sector. Moreover, it can be said that all these modern developments ensure that the quality of life improves and there comes a better control on the health care costs.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, personalized medicines, customized medicines, 3D printing, bioelectronic devices and tele pharmacy
El sistema de vivienda del Sur de Europa: ¿continuidad o ruptura?
Authors: Martínez del Olmo Almudena
Published: January 2020

El fuerte impacto de la crisis en la vivienda ha puesto en cuestión la continuidad del sistema residencial característico de los países del Sur de Europa y su singularidad frente a los discursos que proclaman la implantación universal de un sistema de vivienda liberal. Por este motivo, el siguiente artículo analiza las dinámicas residenciales acontecidas en España desde principios del siglo XXI, dentro de un marco que engloba a los países de referencia del Sur de Europa, a fin de comprobar hasta qué punto su Sistema sigue vigente con respecto a la Unión Europea. El análisis constata que, pese a haber sufrido algunas alteraciones, su singularidad permanece, reforzando así la importancia de examinar cada sistema residencial para comprender el funcionamiento de la vivienda, los comportamientos residenciales y sus problemáticas.
Parámetros meteorológicos, represamiento fluvial y huracanes. Variaciones en la hidrología del golfo de Batabanó, Cuba
Authors: Betanzos-Vega Abel , Capetillo-Piñar Norberto , Lopeztegui-Castillo Alexander , Garcés-Rodríguez Yuliesky , Tripp-Quezada Arturo
Published: January 2020

El golfo de Batabanó (GB), es la región de la plataforma marina cubana de mayor extensión e importancia pesquera. Afectaciones al hábitat de especies marinas han sido señaladas como consecuencia de factores naturales y antrópicos. El objetivo fue determinar variaciones espacio-temporales significativas en la hidrología del GB en diferentes periodos y situaciones ambientales. Para ello se analizó la variabilidad de la lluvia y la temperatura del aire en 1975-1995 y 1996-2015 periodos de baja y alta actividad ciclónica, las características termohalinas del GB anterior (1959-1970) y posterior (2006-2016) al represamiento fluvial, y el efecto de dos huracanes casi simultaneaos en 2008 (“Gustav” e “Ike”). Diferencias significativas en la variabilidad interanual de parámetros meteorológicos entre el norte y el sur del GB respondieron a características locales, y ocurrieron cambios en la distribución de los meses de máximas precipitaciones. El represamiento fluvial, sumado a déficits de precipitación en primavera, verano e invierno, provocaron aumentos termohalinos en 2006-2016, con incremento de 0,7 °C en la temperatura del agua y de 2,3 en la salinidad promedio del GB, respecto a 1959-1970. La salinidad mostró una ampliación en la distribución de valores hipersalinos, y media > 36 en meses de altas precipitaciones, con promedio general de 35,4 en 1959-1970 y 37,7 en 2006-2016, esto sugiere que el represamiento ha sido un factor principal en las variaciones de salinidad. El impacto termohalino en el GB de dos huracanes en 2008, se restableció en corto plazo, con mayor inercia en la turbidez.
THE WRITING AND SUPERVISION OF BRIGHT ENGLISH TEXTBOOK DEVELOPMENT FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN INDONESIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Inayati Nina , Abidasari Erlyna , W.S. Kharisma Naidi
Published: January 2020

Although English Language subject is no longer compulsory for primary school level in Indonesia based on the current Curriculum 2013, some regions still consider it essential for their area development and thus making it a compulsory local content subject—Batu Municipality is one of them. Therefore, more efforts are needed to assist English teachers as resources for teaching English is limited due to the lack of support from the national policy level, thus the reasoning for the current project. This paper aims to describe the process of writing and supervising of Bright English Textbook, which is a specifically targeted English textbook for primary schools in Batu, East Java, Indonesia. Qualitative descriptive method was used in this study, involving four primary school teachers as the subjects in the collaborative textbook writing project. The finding presents the step-by-step process from the description during the training process, the actual writing process, until the illustration and lay-outing process. Besides, it also describes the supervision process as well as the problems and solutions related to it. Some highlights and implications of the study are also discussed, with suggestions offered in the form of combined online and face-to-face supervision process and sufficient writing and publication ethics training provided before the writing process begins. It is expected that this study could benefit other teachers and researchers who want to embark on a collaborative textbook writing process to improve their project effectiveness.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK ETANOL SABUT KELAPA MUDA (Cocos nucifera Linn) DALAM SARI JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays var. saccharata) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococus aureus DAN Shigella dysenteriae
Authors: Fitriah Askhiatul , Khairuddin Khairuddin , Puspitasari Dwi Juli
Published: January 2020

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh penambahan ekstrak etanol sabut kelapa muda (cocos nucifera Linn) dalam sari jagung manis (Zea mays var. saccharata) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus (gram positif) dan Shigella dysenteriae (gram negatif). Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol sabut kelapa muda terhadap pertumbuhan koloni bakteri pada sari jagung manis, serta total pertumbuhan koloni bakteri terendah pada ekstrak etanol sabut kelapa muda dalam sari jagung manis. Metode maserasi digunakan dalam proses ekstraksi sabut kelapa muda dengan pelarut etanol, selanjutnya ekstrak sabut kelapa muda dicampurkan dengan sari jagung manis sesuai variasi konsentrasi 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% dan 5%. Analisis total pertumbuhan bakteri ekstrak etanol sabut kelapa muda dalam sari jagung manis  dilakukan dengan metode TPC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total pertumbuhan koloni bakteri terendah yaitu pada konsentrasi 5% untuk bakteri Shigella dysenteriae sebesar 1,0x107 CFU/mL dan Staphylococus aureus sebesar 1,6x107CFU/mL.Kata kunci: Zea mays var. saccharata, Cocos nucifera Linn, antibakteri, total koloni
FORMULASI PAKAN UNGGUL BERBASIS BIOTEKNOLOGI LIMBAH ORGANIK LOKAL UNTUK IKAN LELE ORGANIK KUALITAS EKSPOR
Authors: Hala Yusafir , Kasim Syahruddin udin , Raya Indah
Published: January 2020

Research  on  Superior  Feed  Formulations  Based  on  Local  Organic  waste Biotechnology for Export quality organic Catfish. Research Objective: The discovery of feed types of tilapia and organic catfish that have export quality nutritional content based on the best quality local marine organic waste through a touch of biotechnology. Furthermore,  the  complete  chemical  composition  of  the  waste  used  and  feed components  is  obtained.  Research  Methods:  Determine  the  best  composition  of biomass of marine organic waste and local onshore organic wastes with the highest levels of protein and carbohydrates and integrated with other wastes. The nutritional content is analyzed, namely: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and supporting minerals, namely: Fe, K and Ca. Instrumentation used to support the research objectives is AAS and HPLC. Research Results: Export quality organic catfish pellet feed in the form of waste: marine fish, sea shrimp waste, sea crab waste, rice bran waste, corn waste, mixed organic waste, golden snail waste, seaweed waste and coconut water waste respectively (27; 15; 7.5; 33; 3; 2.5; 5; 2.5 and 2) %b/ b, starch 2% b/b and marine phytoplankton biomass 0.5% b/b. The nutritional content of organic catfish pellets that have been produced, namely: 51% protein b/b, 24% carbohydrate b/b, 9% fat b/b, crude fiber 8%b/b, water content 2 - 2.5%b/b, mineral Fe 1% b/b, mineral K 1% b/b, mineral Ca 1%b/b, ash content 2 - 2.5%b/b. Feed packing for export quality organic catfish pellets is given the "SANTARI-KU" label.
Keywords: Superior feed, local organic waste biotechnology, export quality organic catfish, Santari-ku.
ANALISIS KADAR SERAT DAN KADAR PROTEIN SERTA PENGARUH WAKTU SIMPAN TERHADAP SEREAL BERBASIS TEPUNG AMPAS KELAPA DAN TEPUNG TEMPE
Authors: Mozin Fitrianingsih , Nurhaeni  , Ridhay Ahmad
Published: January 2020

Research on dissolved protein and crude fiber flour based on coconut pulp and tempe flour has been performed. This study aims to determine the effect of shelf time on levels of dissolved protein and crude fiber flour-based cereal coconut pulp and tempeh flour. Cereals were made from coconut pulp flour and tempe flour as the main ingredients and the ratio of the ingredients was varied to 25:75; 50:50; and 75:25. The ratio of 25:75 produced the highest dissolved protein level of 3.88% and the 75:25 ratio produced the highest crude fiber of 21.96%.

Keywords: Coconut pulp flour, tempe flour, dissolved protein, crude fiber
KAJIAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN MIKROKAPSUL EKSTRAK KULIT TERONG UNGU (Solanum melongena L)
Authors: Lestari Efin , Sumarni Ni Ketut , Mappiratu Mappiratu
Published: January 2020

Study about antioxidant activity of microcapsule of purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L) peel extract has ben done. The research aimed to find the best pH and coating ratio for yielding microcapsule with the highest antioxidant activity. It was done by applying 5 levels of both pH variation of  2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and maltodextrin ratio of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 (w/v). The determination of antioxidant activity was done by DPPH method. The result showed that at pH 2 and 1:1 of maltodextrin coating ratio were the best condition to yield the highest antioxidant activity i.e 32.54 % and 96.31 %, respectively.

Keywords: Purple eggplant peel, maltodextrin, microcapsule, antioxidant activity
New records of Convolvulaceae species for the Ceará state and its potential geographic distribution in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Santos Diego , Campos Ketley Gomes , Figueiredo Marlene Feliciano , Júnior Edson Gomes Moura , Buril Maria Teresa
Published: January 2020

This study reports six new records of Convolvulaceae for Ceará state, notheastern Brazil: Ipomoea aristolochifolia G.Don, Ipomoea calyptrata Dammer, I. cynanchifolia Meisn, I. longibracteolata Sim.-Bianch. & J. R. I. Wood, I. meyeri G. Don and Jacquemontia mucronifera (Choisy) Hallier f. Of these, I. longibracteolata and I. meyeri are new records for the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga, respectively. For each species registered are provided descriptions, taxonomic and ecological comments, illustrations or photos of diagnostic characters and an ecological niche modeling analysis in northeast Brazil.
Theoretical and conceptual framework for population ageing research
Authors: Stojilkovic-Gnjatovic Jelena
Published: January 2020

The ageing of the population is a contemporary phenomenon, but its
foundations were laid decades ago. Changing age structures and the
consequent demographic ageing has only recently become the subject of
theoretical (re)consideration, since the theory of demographic transition
only values fertility and mortality trajectories. The emergence of ?new?
demography takes into account the momentum created by the previous trends
in population dynamics and explains the future rejuvenation or ageing of
the population. The importance of inherited age structure can be illustrated
using an approach that represents distorted cohort flows, showing that baby
booms and baby busts can play a crucial role in the future ageing of the
population. While in the past it was fertility that predominantly affected
age structure, recent research has revealed that changes in life expectancy
are becoming a more prominent factor in shaping expected population ageing
trends. The general theory of population ageing would have to consider the
possible compression of morbidity, dynamic equilibrium, or the expansion of
morbidity, since the future course of (healthy) life expectancy is
determining the scope of the old and fragile population. The status of
theory in demography has long been problematic, since the ?grandiose? theory
of demographic transition had to be reevaluated. Modern approaches apply
more flexible theoretical frameworks to explain contemporary demographic
changes and provide a conceptual background. As such, the important
paradigm for the demography of ageing should be the prospective paradigm,
which uses information about the longevity of the population and transposes
it to population ageing research. The theory of population metabolism seems
to adequately define why population ageing is important for cohorts and
generation change, especially in cases where distorted cohort flows create
prominent cohort oscillation. The need to create adequate policies for
changing age composition morphology is highlighted in the domain of
institutional adaptation, where the concept of population balance can
provide the appropriate framework. Also, as life events tend to take place
more often at certain points in the life cycle - for example during
adulthood and entering old age - the idea of population densities should be
further explored.
Long-term stability of miniscrew anchored maxillary molar distalization in Class II treatment
Authors: Bechtold Till Edward , Park Young-Chel , Kim Kyung-Ho , Jung Heekyu , Kang Ju-Young , Choi Yoon Jeong
Published: January 2020

Objective

To investigate treatment stability of miniscrew-anchored maxillary distalization in Class II malocclusion.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study included a distalization (n = 19) and a control (n = 19) group; a patient group with minor corrections served the control. Lateral cephalograms of 38 adult patients were taken before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 3–4 years after (T2) treatment. Horizontal and vertical movement and tipping of the maxillary first molars (U6) and central incisors (U1) were measured along with skeletal craniofacial parameters at three time points to compare the two groups regarding the achieved treatment effects and their stability.

Results

Total arch distalization therapy led to 4.2 mm of distal movement of U6 without distal crown tipping (0.6° of axis change) and 3.3° of occlusal plane steepening. Over an average retention period of 42 months, maxillary total arch distalization provided high stability of treatment results, showing the same amount of mesial movement (0.7 mm) as the control group.

Conclusions

In Class II treatment, miniscrew-anchored maxillary total arch distalization can provide stable distal movement of the maxillary first molars and central incisors.
Association of BMI, Fitness, and Mortality in Patients With Diabetes: Evaluating the Obesity Paradox in the Henry Ford Exercise Testing Project (FIT Project) Cohort
Authors: Whelton Seamus P. , McAuley Paul A. , Dardari Zeina , Orimoloye Olusola A. , Brawner Clinton A. , Ehrman Jonathan K. , Keteyian Steven J. , Al-Mallah Mouaz , Blaha Michael J.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effect of fitness on the association between BMI and mortality among patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We identified 8,528 patients with diabetes (self-report, medication use, or electronic medical record diagnosis) from the Henry Ford Exercise Testing Project (FIT Project). Patients with a BMI <18.5 kg/m2 or cancer were excluded. Fitness was measured as the METs achieved during a physician-referred treadmill stress test and categorized as low (<6), moderate (6–9.9), or high (≥10). Adjusted hazard ratios for mortality were calculated using standard BMI (kilograms per meter squared) cutoffs of normal (18.5–24.9), overweight (25–29.9), and obese (≥30). Adjusted splines centered at 22.5 kg/m2 were used to examine BMI as a continuous variable.

RESULTS

Patients had a mean age of 58 ± 11 years (49% women) with 1,319 deaths over a mean follow-up of 10.0 ± 4.1 years. Overall, obese patients had a 30% lower mortality hazard (P < 0.001) compared with normal-weight patients. In adjusted spline modeling, higher BMI as a continuous variable was predominantly associated with a lower mortality risk in the lowest fitness group and among patients with moderate fitness and BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Compared with the lowest fitness group, patients with higher fitness had an ∼50% (6–9.9 METs) and 70% (≥10 METs) lower mortality hazard regardless of BMI (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients with diabetes, the obesity paradox was less pronounced for patients with the highest fitness level, and these patients also had the lowest risk of mortality.
Lei 13.415/17 – o alijamento da disciplina filosofia do ensino médio, o mais recente movimento pendular na educação básica brasileira
Authors: Esteves Anderson Alves , Valverde Antonio
Published: January 2020

O artigo intenciona contextualizar e analisar o movimento pendular da disciplina Filosofia, no âmbito da educação básica brasileira, a partir do mais recente acontecimento: a perda da condição de obrigatoriedade do componente na composição da grade curricular, de acordo com a Lei 13.415/17. A hipótese, que o artigo procura explicitar, move-se em torno da ideia de que as bases sociais, ao buscarem erigir autonomia ou heteronomia do país, são fatores indispensáveis para a explicação da retirada da disciplina. Para tal, relaciona-se a base social de classes e de frações de classes, – tanto em colaboração quanto em conflito político –, a denotarem, ora subserviência a interesses exógenos, ora a algum tipo de projeção do processo de desenvolvimento autônomo do país, – dentro do viável e do possível. A tensão em pauta esteve subjacente aos governos Sr. Lula da Silva, Sra. Dilma Rousseff e Sr. Michel Temer, nos quais observaram-se a elevação da disciplina Filosofia ao status de obrigatoriedade (2008) e ao novo alijamento a partir da lei supracitada (2017), conhecida como “reforma do Ensino Médio”.
Sobre a Interpretação frequentista de probabilidade
Authors: Neiva André
Published: January 2020

Neste breve artigo, forneço um exame crítico da teoria frequentista de probabilidade, que geralmente se apresenta de duas formas diferentes: frequentismo atual e frequentismo hipotético. Considero a interpretação frequentista como uma forma de reducionismo, uma vez que pretende explicar probabilidades físicas em termos de frequências relativas (em uma classe de referência atual ou hipotética). Também discuto algumas das principais objeções contra o frequentismo atual e hipotético e avalio se tais teorias estão de acordo com um conjunto de critérios de adequação para interpretações de probabilidade física. No final, concluo que o frequentismo não oferece uma análise satisfatória do conceito de probabilidade física.
ENTRE A CRUZ E A ESPLANADA: Uma Análise do empoderamento político dos (Neo) Pentecostais na última década.
Authors: Dias Adiclecio Ferreira
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem por objeto de estudo como os (neo) pentecostais, na última década, de modo fulcrático, se empoderaram do viés político em seus modus vivendi institucionais. Sabe-se que o pentecostalismo nasce no Brasil, a partir de contextos populacionais periféricos, destarte, em ambientes eclesiásticos onde os discursos enunciados sobre religião e política são constituídos por uma perspectiva dualística, na qual a religião representa o sagrado, enquanto a política, o profano. Este ideário cooperou para o desenvolvimento de um forte sectarismo, que se preconizou ao longo dos anos na formação do ethos religius, sob uma égide de não se misturar espaços considerados dignos e indignos. Este texto elenca-se de referências cognitivas, cujo resultado da pesquisa demonstram de como a institucionalização do pentecostalismo, decorrente da sua expansão, o ideário estigmático a política, acaba perdendo sua força e na última década, forma-se um quadro reverso, com o aumento de representatividades evangélicas no cenário político brasileiro, principalmente dos âmbitos (neo) pentecostais.
Manuais e História da Ciência: a segunda lei de Newton
Authors: Lopes Coelho Ricardo
Published: January 2020

Resumo Aprendemos no liceu e na universidade que a segunda lei de Newton é F=ma. Porém, Newton nunca escreveu a equação. Além disso, não há acordo entre os historiadores da ciência em relação à equação que expressa a segunda lei de Newton. Físicos do séc. XVIII, que citaram e explicaram as leis de Newton, não usaram F=ma. Portanto, se a tese dos manuais contemporâneos fosse correta, teríamos de admitir que todos aqueles físicos interpretaram mal a segunda lei de Newton. Por outro lado, Euler defendeu ter descoberto um novo princípio de mecânica, que é F = ma. Comparando a segunda lei de Newton e o princípio de Euler compreendemos que elas diferem significativamente. Este resultado da pesquisa histórica tem implicações nos problemas conceptuais da mecânica e na resolução de problemas, como iremos ver.Palavras-chave: A segunda lei de Newton; o princípio de Euler; manuais. Abstract We learned at high school and university that Newton’s second law is F=ma. However, Newton never wrote this equation. Furthermore, there is no agreement among historians of science as to the equation that expresses Newton’s second law. 18th century physicists, who quoted and explained Newton’s laws of motion, did not use F=ma. Therefore, if contemporary textbook writers’ claim were correct, we would have to admit that all those physicists misunderstood Newton’s second law. They did not grasp that his law was F=ma. Furthermore, Euler claimed to have discovered a principle of mechanics, which is F=ma. This paper of Euler provides us with the means of clarifying the issue. We can compare Newton’s second law and Euler’s principle with each other and verify whether there are significant differences between both laws. The result is that Newton’s second law is not Euler's principle. This result of historical research has implications for the conceptual problems of mechanics and problem solving, as we shall see. Keywords: Newton’s second law; Euler’s principle; textbooks.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA E BEM-ESTAR NO TRABALHO: O OLHAR DOS FUNCIONÁRIOS DE UMA SECRETARIA SOBRE AS CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO
Authors: Freitas Silvaney Bastos , Paiva Luis Eduardo Brandão , Lima Tereza Cristina Batista de , Pinto Francisco Wedney Sousa Vieira
Published: January 2020

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as condições de trabalho de funcionários do setor de atendimento de uma Secretaria Municipal, por meio da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) e do Bem-Estar no Trabalho (BET). A relevância do estudo se configura pela necessidade de analisar as condições de trabalho de funcionários do setor de atendimento, com a finalidade de investigar a importância do investimento em práticas que proporcionem qualidade de vida e bem-estar no trabalho. A metodologia se fundamentou em uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza descritiva, mediante entrevista com 12 funcionários. Foi adotado o método da análise de conteúdo para as entrevistas, uma vez que teve para a obtenção das respostas, utilizou-se um roteiro com questões semiestruturadas, baseadas nos oito critérios do modelo de Walton (1973) e questões sobre o Bem-Estar no Trabalho. A análise de resultados aponta insatisfação relacionada a questões de pagamento de horas extras, realização de treinamento adequado e oportunidades de crescimento. Enquanto fatores como remuneração adequada, estrutura física do local, jornada de trabalho relação de companheirismo entre os colegas de trabalho obtiveram bons níveis de satisfação.
The Analysis of Toxicological Situation According to Three Specialized Centers of Russian Federation
Authors: Shikalova I. A. , Lodyagin A. N. , Barsukova I. M. , Nasibullina A. R. , Kalloyda D. Y.
Published: January 2020

The relevance of the study is associated with the exceptional medical and social significance of the issues of toxicological assistance. In order to improve toxicological assistance to the population, we analyzed the dynamics of patient admission to major toxicological centers in St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk and Kazan in 2011–2017, which revealed a significant increase in the number of patients with a toxicological pathology and unidirectional changes in the structure of acute poisoning. We used statistical and analytical research methods. According to the results of the study, in all three centers the proportion of poisoning by narcotic substances increased, and the qualitative characteristics of poisoning changed (compared to 2011). Poisonings with opioid alkaloids and heroin haven’t been substantially found recently; the main proportion of poisonings was associated with the use of synthetic drugs (phencyclidines, piperazines, synthetic cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids, amphetamines, γ-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol, etc.). The proportion of patients with ethanol poisoning increased significantly: the number grew by 2.5 times in St. Petersburg, 3.0 times in Novosibirsk and 30% in Kazan. At the same time, the number of drug poisoning decreased in all three centers by an average of 20–30%. The number of carbon monoxide poisoning has also decreased in St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk. Data were obtained on some regional features of poisoning. The prevalence of poisoning by cauterizing agents in Novosibirsk and by plant poisons in Kazan. Despite a decline of mortality, the absolute number of deaths by acute poisoning during the study period increased. The study resulted in an attempt to identify the main problems and tasks of the toxicological service at present and to develop mechanisms for its improvement, taking into account modern changes in the volumes and structure of acute poisonings.

Authors declare lack of the conflicts of interests.
The Effect of Telemedicine Consultation on Outcomes in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Alasheyev A. M. , Smolkin A. A. , Prazdnichkova E. V. , Belkin A. A.
Published: January 2020

RELEVANCE. Telemedicine solves the problem of the availability of highly qualified personnel at the decision-making stage in the management of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. AIM OF STuDY We set out to evaluate the effect of teleconsultation on outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage 30 days after the event.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. A prospective, open, nonrandomized clinical trial in two parallel groups. The first group included adult patients up to 80 years of age with a hemorrhagic stroke from 4 to 36 points according to NIHSS due to unilateral supratentorial intracerebral hematoma of non-aneurysmal genesis, who were examined by a neurosurgeon and resuscitator of the Regional Vascular Center in a ward. The second group included similar patients, but they received telemedicine consultation of the above specialists. The primary endpoint of the study was mortality 30 days after the onset of the stroke. The hypothesis of non-superiority was tested where the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in mortality between the groups should not go over 15 percentage points.

RESULTS. A total of 140 patients (70 in each group) with intracerebral hematomas were studied. Mortality in the bedside group was 14.3% (CI 7.1%; 24.7%), and in the remote group it was 25.7% (16.0%; 37.6%), p=0.091. However, there was no evidence of superiority, since the difference between the groups in mortality was 11.4 with CI from –0.07 to 24.5 percentage points, which was beyond the predefined limit.

CONCLUSIONS. At the current level of development of medicine and information technology, telemedicine cannot fully replace the traditional (bedside) consultation of an expert level of neurosurgeon and neuroresuscitator in patients with intracerebral hematomas.

Authors declare lack of the conflicts of interests.
Endovascular Treatment of Patients with Popliteal Artery Aneurysms (a Literature Review)
Authors: Prozorov S. A.
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the results endovascular treatment of popliteal artery aneurysms. Endovascular treatment using stent grafts is a safe and effective alternative to open surgical repair, has a lower wound complication rate and shorter length of hospital stay, satisfactory technical and clinical results even at long-term follow-up. In patients requiring long segment coverage or numerous stents, the poor state of distal blood flow may increase the risk of failure. Careful patient selection, proper operative technique and adequate sizes of stent grafts are required for good outcomes.

Author declare lack of the conflicts of interests.
O.I. Glazova and Her Contribution to the Development of Domestic Emergency Clinical Toxicology
Authors: Goldfarb Y. S. , Kabanova S. A. , Potskhveriya M. M. , Sleptsov V. I.
Published: January 2020

The biography of Olga Ivanovna Glazova, doctor of medical sciences, honored doctor of the RSFSR, member of the Scientific Council of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute, is an example of an exceptionally successful diversification of scientific activity, both in the field of cardiology and clinical toxicology, which is the new direction of Russian medicine.

There are suggestions in the works of O.I. Glazova similar to modern ideas of acute poisonings (AP), as confirmed by later publications in this field. The pathogenetic approach to the study of AP was considered by O.I. Glazova from the perspective of the teachings of I.P. Pavlov about the body as a single entity, and the action of the poison hypothetically dependent on its concentration in the blood. She emphasized the need for the early removal of poison from the body to prevent the adverse course of poisoning. The role of antidote therapy as an example of a detoxification approach to the treatment of AP was noted, while antidotes for parenteral administration were recommended in order to increase the effectiveness of detoxification.

Some thoughts were expressed about the dependence of the toxic effects of poisons on physical and chemical properties, as well as similar ideas about the quantitative measure of poisoning, selective and situational toxicity, the presence of concentration, space and temporal factors in the pathogenesis of poisoning. The systematization of the AP was presented.

Thus, O.I. Glazova made a significant contribution to the study of AP thanks to her enthusiasm, constant creative eagerness and high professional competence, which contributed to a significant growth the role of representatives of the emergency medical clinic in AP treatment, and in turn positively affected the regularity and quality of further research in this area.

Authors declare lack of the conflicts of interests.
Healing Emotions Through Philosophical Thinking
Authors: Um Jeonghoon
Published: January 2020

AbstractManifesting in diverse forms, mental and emotional health problems within the contemporary society have proven challenging to current biomedical healing practice and thereby remain a significant threat to individuals’ welfare. Considering the complexity of human emotions, ailing members of the society remain susceptible to adverse health implications accountable to poor emotional wellbeing. Spawning across diverse cultures with further support from narrative and explorative philosophies, the presence of body, spirit, and mind remains acknowledged as a fundamental foundation of human beings. The study adopts a theoretical approach to research and subjects base eligible base literature to the Creswell data spiral for addressing the primary research problems. Through a concrete inclusion criterion, a total of 46 studies and corporate reports are explicitly explored within the exploration. The organization of information under themes indicates the imperative role of a myriad of holistic healing approaches in appraising the emotional and psychological welfare of individuals. Findings indicate that the adoption of philosophical reasoning remains critical in capacitating of hurt individuals to use their natural body resources in healing. Philosophical perspective allows for inner integration, balance and synchrony with nature such that the healing process emanates from within and further accentuates to natural healing. In essence, the integration of the mind, body and spirit holds the capacity to appraise the natural healing process in the quest to improve an individual’s welfare. Future explorations should concern with the integration of the holistic approaches within the contemporary medical practice for proximal health benefits.