bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of vacuum drying of pressed mycelium (Pleurotus eryngii) and its microstructure and physicochemical properties
Authors: Mandliya Shubham , Vishwakarma Siddharth , Mishra Hari Niwas
Published: July 2022

Mycelium is the vegetative part of the fungus that grows and forms fruiting bodies, called mushrooms. The Pleurotus eryngii variety mycelium is highly nutritious but perishable due to its high moisture content, making its drying necessary for further application. Pressing as a novel pre‐treatment was applied to fresh mycelium from 3 to 5 kN force for 20–50 s, and its effect on drying time was observed. The pressed mycelium was further vacuum dried at different temperatures (40–60°C) and pressure (60–260 mmHg) conditions. The drying data was fitted with 10 thin layer drying models, and Akaike information criteria was applied for selecting the best model. The physicochemical properties like browning index (BI), water activity (aw), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index, and flowability were calculated. The study found that pressing at 5 kN for 30 s reduced the moisture content from 89% to 52% wb and drying time by 48%–50%. The drying curves showed lower drying time at higher vacuum and temperature conditions. The drying modeling suggested the best fit for Page, Wang and Singh, Verma, and Midilli models (R2 > .9867, RMSE < .0514, SSE < .0112). The Akaike information criterion showed that the Midilli model is in good agreement with drying data (Akaike increment = 0) at seven conditions. Mycelium dried at 60°C and 60 mmHg showed less aw (0.215 ± 0.004) and BI (28.946 ± 0.066), and maximum WAI (5.365 ± 0.046 g/g). Flowability of the dried mycelium is not affected (p < .05) by vacuum drying conditions.

Practical Applications

Pressing as a non‐thermal pre‐treatment for drying can be used to reduce the drying time thereby saving the energy. As a natural fortificant, vacuum‐dried mycelium has potential in improving the nutritional status of the food products. Furthermore, the drying modeling will aid in the creation of optimum drying conditions for mycelium and the design of a commercial‐scale continuous drying system.
Real‐world clinical features, health‐care utilization, and economic burden in decompensated cirrhosis patients: A national database
Authors: Lee Hankil , Kim Beom Kyung
Published: July 2022

Background

Patients with decompensated cirrhosis are well known to experience morbidity and mortality.

Aim

We assessed clinical characteristics, health‐care utilization, and economic burden according to the type, number, and combination of decompensation‐related complications.

Methods

We used recent nationally representative sample data from 2016 to 2018, covering approximately 13% of hospitalized patients in South Korea annually. Decompensation‐related complications included ascites, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), gastroesophageal variceal (GEV) bleeding, and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS).

Results

Among 14 601 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, 11 201 (76.7%) experienced ≥ 1 decompensation‐related complications, and approximately three‐quarters underwent hospitalization. The most prevalent decompensation‐related complications were ascites (54.8%), GEV bleeding (33.2%), HE (27.4%), and HRS (3.6%). Patients with GEV bleeding exhibited the highest hospitalization rate (95.7%), and patients with HE or HRS underwent hospitalization for 4 weeks/year due to decompensated cirrhosis. Hospitalization costs were 1.9 times higher in patients with HRS than in those with ascites alone ($9022 vs $4673; P < 0.01). Once patients developed decompensation‐related complications, 41.3% had ≥ 2 types of decompensation‐related complications. As the number of decompensation‐related complications increased from 0 to ≥ 3, health‐care utilization and economic burden significantly increased in a stepwise manner; patients with ascites, GEV bleeding, and HE visited medical institutions 2.2 times more (11 vs 5/year; P < 0.01) and incurred 6.4 times greater medical expenditure ($11 060 vs $1728/year; P < 0.01) than those with ascites only.

Conclusion

A substantial proportion of patients had multiple decompensation‐related complications and socioeconomic burdens for decompensated cirrhosis considering admission rate, hospital stay, and costs increased markedly, depending on the number of decompensation‐related complications.
Inclusive Care for Birthing Transgender Men: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Gedzyk‐Nieman Stephanie A. , McMillian‐Bohler Jacquelyn
Published: July 2022

We conducted a review of literature to examine the experiences of transgender men (transmen) seeking pregnancy care. Our review revealed that transmen and cisgender persons desire pregnancy at similar rates; however, transmen experience discrimination from health care systems and providers. Additionally, pregnant transmen may experience unique psychological needs and require support for postpartum contraception and lactation. Based on a synthesis of the available literature, we offer strategies for providing inclusive care for birthing transmen and resources for further professional development related to transgender health issues.
Effect of DHA supplementation on broilers' growth performance, meat quality and blood profile
Authors: Wahid Sumaya T. , Kim In Ho
Published: July 2022

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is vital in the meat composition of broilers which is helpful to maintain a healthy diet in humans. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of DHA from fish oil on growth performance, organ weight, and meat quality along with the blood profile of broilers. A total of 1600, 1‐day old, Ross 308 broilers with an average body weight of 43.15 ± 1.35 g were used in 5 weeks trail. Birds were randomly allotted into one of four dietary treatment groups named: control (CON), basal diet; treatment (TRT)1, CON + 0.05% DHA; TRT2, CON + 0.1% DHA; TRT3, CON + 0.15% DHA. Each treatment group consisted of 20 replications with 20 broilers per pen. The experiment was divided into three phases. Phase 1 (Day 1–7), Phase 2 (Day 7–21), and overall phase (Day 21–35). During Phase 1 and 2, no significant changes were observed on body weight gain (BWG) as the DHA levels increased in the diet. However, during Phase 3, broilers fed diet supplemented with DHA at increasing levels linearly increased (p < 0.05) BWG and feed intake (FI). Also, water holding capacity was reduced and drip loss percentage on Day 7 was increased linearly (p < 0.05) with the increase in DHA supplementation. At the end of trial, pH value of the meat was increased linearly (p < 0.05) with DHA levels. Moreover, blood cholesterol level, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein was significantly and linearly (p < 0.05) decreased in DHA supplemented groups. Broiler‐fed diet with DHA supplement decreased the red blood cell linearly (p < 0.05) in blood. The results of the study indicate that DHA supplementation increased BWG with FI. Moreover, it has reduced blood lipid constituents with some adverse effect on meat quality.
Bone density of the humeral condyle in Labrador retrievers with medial coronoid process disease
Authors: Gander Soares D. , Allen M. J. , Burton N. J.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To estimate, using CT imaging, differences in the regional bone density of the humeral condyle in Labrador retriever elbows with and without medial coronoid process disease.

Materials and Methods

The elbows of Labrador Retrievers that had undergone CT were reviewed. Scans were divided into three categories: elbows without medial coronoid process disease; elbows with medial coronoid process disease involving fragmentation of the radial incisure; elbows with medial coronoid process disease involving fragmentation of the medial coronoid apex. A templating technique was employed to define the weight‐bearing regions of the medial and lateral portion of the humeral condyle and estimates of volumetric bone density (defined by Hounsfield unit measurement) were compared across the three groups.

Results

CT evaluation was performed on 122 elbows in 81 dogs. There was a higher mean Hounsfield unit measurement in the medial and lateral portions of the humeral condyles in elbows with medial coronoid process disease involving fragmentation of the medial coronoid apex compared with elbows with medial coronoid process disease involving fragmentation of the radial incisure.

Clinical Significance

Dogs with apical fragmentation of the medial coronoid process exhibited significantly higher estimated bone mineral density within the medial portion of the humeral condyle when compared to dogs with radial incisure fragmentation. The medial portion of the humeral condyle may be associated with the pathogenesis of apical but not radial incisure medial coronoid process fragmentation in Labrador Retrievers.
Headspace control and antimicrobials: Inhibition strategies to prevent the growth of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in orange juice
Authors: Gamboa P. , Worsfold J. , Davidovich G. , Acosta O. , Usaga J.
Published: July 2022

Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris can cause spoilage in orange juice that leads to consumer rejection. Six different orange juices were physiochemically characterized (pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total polyphenols and vitamin C). A bottle for each sampling point per juice was filled (headspace: 40% volume) and inoculated with 102–103 CFU per ml of A. acidoterrestris ATCC® 49025™ (heat shocked before inoculation: 75°C, 20 min). Samples were stored for 21 days at 45 ± 1°C and plate counted periodically on acidified YSG agar (pH 3·7) incubated at 45 ± 1°C for 3 days. The effect of headspace (6% versus 40% volume) on A. acidoterrestris growth was also evaluated. The effect of nisin (0·006, 0·003, 0·0015, and 0·00075%), sodium benzoate (0·1%), potassium sorbate (0·1%) and a mix of benzoate and sorbate (0·05% each) on A. acidoterrestris was additionally addressed. Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris reached up to 107 CFU per ml in five of the six juices in less than 1 week. Headspace significantly impacted (P < 0·05) A. acidoterrestris maximum population, which reached the critical value of 5 log CFU per ml at 40% headspace. All preservatives, regardless of concentration, showed a bacteriostatic effect during 22 days of storage with no significant differences amongst treatments (P > 0·05).
Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture growth rates from asymptomatic individuals with a positive nucleic acid amplification test
Authors: Nadal-Baron P. , Salmerón P. , García J. N. , Trejo-Zahinos J. , Sulleiro E. , Lopez L. , Jiménez de Egea C. , Zarzuela F. , Ruiz E. , Blanco-Grau A. , Llinas M. , Barberá M. J. , Larrosa M. N. , Pumarola T. , Hoyos-Mallecot Y. ,   on behalf of the Drassanes Exprés Collaborative Group, Arando Maider , Descalzo Vicente , Rascón Desideria Martínez , Muñoz Encarnación Arellano , Zaragoza María Ángeles Álvarez , Elcoso Mercedes Gosch , Villanueva José Ignacio Pilarte , Mesa Laura , Rubio Lourdes
Published: July 2022

Gonorrhoea infections are frequently diagnosed at extragenital locations in asymptomatic individuals and are historically related to poor recovery in culture, which hinders antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate recovery rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by culture among asymptomatic individuals who tested positive by nucleic acid amplification tests between 2018 and 2019 in Barcelona (Spain). In total, 10 396 individuals were tested for N. gonorrhoeae on first-void urine, rectal, pharyngeal and/or vaginal swabs depending on sexual behaviour. Overall infection prevalence was 5·5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5·0–5·9). Seven hundred and ten samples were positive corresponding to 567 individuals. The most common site of infection was the pharynx (71·3%), followed by rectum (23·1%) and genitals (4·7%) (P < 0·0001). The N. gonorrhoeae recovery rate in culture, time from positive screening to culture specimen and inoculation delay were calculated. Recovery rate was 21·7% in pharynx, 66·9% in rectum and 37·0% in genitals (25·0% vagina, 71·4% urethra) (P < 0·0001). Median culture collection time was 1 [0; 3] days, and median inoculation delay was 5·01 [4·99–7·99] h, with no impact on N. gonorrhoeae recovery, P = 0·8367 and P = 0·7670, respectively. Despite efforts towards optimizing pre-analytical conditions, the N. gonorrhoeae recovery rate in asymptomatic individuals is unacceptably low (especially for pharynx), representing a problem for monitoring antimicrobial-resistant infections.
Low‐temperature thermal properties of iron meteorites
Authors: Noyes Christopher S. , Consolmagno Guy. J. , Macke Robert J. , Britt Daniel T. , Opeil Cyril P.
Published: July 2022

We have measured the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of subsamples from four iron meteorites with nickel concentrations between 5% and 8% (Agoudal, Canyon Diablo, Muonionalusta, and Sikhote‐Alin) at temperatures between 5 and 300 K. From these, we have calculated their thermal diffusivity and thermal inertia values across this temperature range. For comparison, we also measured subsamples from two L chondrites (NWA 11038 and NWA 11344) at the same time, using the same methods. The thermal diffusivity results of the irons show a relatively constant value for T > 100 K with a characteristic low‐temperature maxima at ∼5 K for the iron meteorites; by contrast, the diffusivities of the L chondrites fell by a factor of two over this range and reached low‐temperature maxima at ∼20 K. Thermal inertia values show a crossover behavior, with a strong increase in thermal inertia as temperatures drop below 55 K and a less dramatic change at higher temperatures. Our new diffusivity and inertia values cover a wider range of temperatures than previous literature data for iron meteorites. They also provide a useful ground truth in understanding remotely sensed thermal inertias of potentially metal‐rich asteroids, including 16 Psyche, target of the NASA Psyche mission.
Oral microbiome diversity: The curious case of Corynebacterium sp. isolation
Authors: Treerat Puthayalai , McGuire Brian , Palmer Elizabeth , Dahl Erin M. , Karstens Lisa , Merritt Justin , Kreth Jens
Published: July 2022

Oral microbiome sequencing efforts revealed the presence of hundreds of different microbes. Interindividual differences at strain and species resolution suggest that microbiome diversity could lead to mechanistically distinct gene regulation as well as species‐related differences in phenotypes. Commonly, gene regulation and related phenotypes are studied in a few selected strains of a particular species with conclusions that are mostly generalized. The aim of this study was to isolate several species of Corynebacterium using an established protocol that led to the previous isolation of C. durum. Characterization of C. durum interspecies interactions revealed a specific mechanism for chain elongation in Streptococcus sanguinis that was the result of corynebacterial fatty acid production and secretion. While the protocol was successfully applied to isolate what we presumed to be additional Corynebacterium based on several phenotypic traits that seem to be identical to C. durum, genome sequencing of the newly isolated strains placed them closer to Actinomyces. Both Corynebacterium and Actinomyces are suborders of the Actinobacteridae and related species. Our study suggests to take several comprehensive strategies into consideration when taxonomically identifying closely related microorganisms. Furthermore, it seems to be important to test common core phenotypes in bacterial ecology to understand the behavior of specific groups of microbes, rather than simply relying upon genome sequence homology to establish relationships in the microbiome.
Trees planted under a global restoration pledge have mixed futures under climate change
Authors: Barragán Gabriela , Wang Tongli , Rhemtulla Jeanine M.
Published: July 2022

Nations worldwide have committed to restoring millions of hectares of forest as a strategy to mitigate climate change with many other co‐benefits. Paradoxically, the suitability of climatic conditions for the trees being planted at the restoration sites is changing, which may reduce the long‐term viability of these projects. We assessed the potential future viability of trees planted as part of Ecuador's National Reforestation Plan from 2014 to 2017, committed under the global Bonn Challenge. We selected the 10 most frequently planted tree species (all native) in 1237 restoration sites in northwest Ecuador. We modeled the species' climatic suitability at the restoration sites under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 using 14 individual general circulation models for the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s. We combined the 14 suitability models to create continuous climatic suitability models for each species. We then assessed the species suitability against three modeling thresholds simultaneously. Seven of the species showed high and medium climatic viability, all of these species were native to the region of planting. Three species showed low climatic viability; two of these are native to the country but not to the region being restored. Our results also show how using continuous rather than discrete modeling can affect viability assessments. Our study suggests the importance of including climate niche modeling in restoration projects; however, choosing to plant species that are within their native distribution range may be a good strategy in tropical regions if climate niche projections are not available.
Analysis of the geometric characteristics of clinothems and the relationship with shelf‐edge trajectories of thePlio‐Pleistocenecontinental slope in the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Liu Mengnan , Liu Hao , van Loon Antonius Johannes (Tom) , Xu Jie , Hao Shimeng , Zhang Yingzhao
Published: July 2022

Based on high‐quality two‐dimensional seismic profiles and well data, the seismic reflection characteristics from the late Pliocene and Pleistocene succession of the Qiongdongnan Basin in the South China Sea have been analysed. The result will help in understanding the sedimentological development of slope areas. Twenty coeval clinothems are recognized and four major clinothem types are distinguished. In addition, three types of shelf‐edge trajectories are recognized. The various parameters of the clinothems are analysed quantitatively and the relationships between the various clinothem types are studied in combination with the controlling roles. It is concluded that: (i) the shelf‐edge trajectories are related to the type of clinothem; (ii) fluctuations in the relative sea level, in combination with variations in sediment supply, result in different clinothem types and geometric parameters; these parameters show interdependencies; (iii) the alternations of progradation and aggradation of clinothems may provide information of the relative sea level and changes in sediment supply; (iv) some lowstand fans could develop at the foot of the slope in the central–eastern part of the basin when the relative sea level started to fall or began to rise. The results of the present study are consequently significant for further quantitative analyses of the characteristics and development of the continental slope, not only in the Qiongdongnan Basin, but also in other basins.
Why Social Constructionists Should Embrace Minimalist Race
Authors: Hardimon Michael
Published: July 2022

My thesis is that social constructionists should embrace minimalist race. By this I mean they should accept the minimalist concept of race and the existence of minimalist races. They are likely to reject this suggestion because they are antirealists about biological race. But their antirealism about biological race is based on their identification of the biological concept of race with the racialist concept of race. The minimalist concept of race is free of the invidious features that make the racialist concept objectionable. It represents race as ancestry marked by patterns of visible physical differences. The reasons social constructionists have to reject the racialist concept of race do not extend to the minimalist concept of race. Social constructionists should accept that minimalist races exist, because it is overwhelmingly plausible that such races exist. Furthermore, they need minimalist races to account for the biological correlate of social race and to secure the biological materials the project of social construction requires.
Usual stochastic ordering of the sample maxima from dependent distribution‐free random variables
Authors: Fang Longxiang , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Huang Wenyu , Zhang Shuai
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we discuss stochastic comparison of the largest order statistics arising from two sets of dependent distribution‐free random variables with respect to multivariate chain majorization, where the dependency structure can be defined by Archimedean copulas. When a distribution‐free model with possibly two parameter vectors has its matrix of parameters changing to another matrix of parameters in a certain mathematical sense, we obtain the first sample maxima is larger than the second sample maxima with respect to the usual stochastic order, based on certain conditions. Applications of our results for scale proportional reverse hazards model, exponentiated gamma distribution, Gompertz–Makeham distribution, and location‐scale model, are also given. Meanwhile, we provide two numerical examples to illustrate the results established here.
Carceral spectres: Hyperincarceration and the haunting of Aboriginal life
Authors: Horton Patrick
Published: July 2022

Drawing on recent participant observation‐based data from the Northern Territory's Victoria River region, I propose that the coercive and custodial arms of the settler state are predominant features of, and constant and permanent forces of rupture in, remote Aboriginal life. I use the term ‘carceral spectres’ to describe the ways hyperincarceration and hyperpolicing shape, disturb and, in particular, ‘haunt’ Aboriginal life, people, places and things. This framework has implications for the ways we might think about the multi‐faceted impacts of the radical incarceration rates of Indigenous people in Australia, and the experience of life in the context of ongoing colonial occupation and pervasive carcerality.
cis‐Regulatory variation affecting gene expression contributes to the improvement of maize kernel size
Authors: Li Yong‐xiang , Lu Jiawen , He Cheng , Wu Xun , Cui Yu , Chen Lin , Zhang Jie , Xie Yuxin , An Yixin , Liu Xuyang , Zhen Sihan , Liu Yunjun , Li Chunhui , Zhang Dengfeng , Shi Yun‐Su , Song Yanchun , Wang Jianhua , Li Yu , Wang Guoying , Fu Junjie , Wang Tianyu
Published: July 2022

cis‐Regulatory variations contribute to trait evolution and adaptation during crop domestication and improvement. As the most important harvested organ in maize (Zea mays L.), kernel size has undergone intensive selection for size. However, the associations between maize kernel size and cis‐regulatory variations remain unclear. We chose two independent association populations to dissect the genetic architecture of maize kernel size together with transcriptomic and genotypic data. The resulting phenotypes reflected a strong influence of population structure on kernel size. Compared with genome‐wide association studies (GWASs), which accounted for population structure and relatedness, GWAS based on a naïve or simple linear model revealed additional associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms significantly involved in the conserved pathways controlling seed size in plants. Regulation analyses through expression quantitative trait locus mapping revealed that cis‐regulatory variations likely control kernel size by fine‐tuning the expression of proximal genes, among which ZmKL1 (GRMZM2G098305) was transgenically validated. We also proved that the pyramiding of the favorable cis‐regulatory variations has contributed to the improvement of maize kernel size. Collectively, our results demonstrate that cis‐regulatory variations, together with their regulatory genes, provide excellent targets for future maize improvement.
Transcription factor ZmWRKY20 interacts with ZmWRKY115 to repress expression of ZmbZIP111 for salt tolerance in maize
Authors: Bo Chen , Cai Ronghao , Fang Xiu , Wu Hao , Ma Zhongxian , Yuan Haotian , Cheng Beijiu , Fan Jun , Ma Qing
Published: July 2022

Maize (Zea mays) is an important cereal crop worldwide. However, its yield and quality are adversely affected by salt stress resulting from soil hypersalinity. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms of stress responses is of vital importance to increase maize seed production. In the present study, we screened ethyl methanesulfonate‐induced maize mutants and identified a salt‐tolerant mutant. A single base was mutated in ZmWRKY20, leading to the formation of a truncated protein variant. A detailed phenotypic analysis revealed that this mutant had significantly higher resistance to wilting and lower reactive oxygen species levels than the inbred line B73. ZmWRKY20 showed transcriptional activity in yeast and specifically bound W‐boxes according to the results of our yeast one‐hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual‐luciferase assays. Overexpression of ZmWRKY20 decreased salt tolerance in maize. Transcriptome profiling revealed that ZmWRKY20 overexpression extensively reprogrammed genes involved in regulating defense and oxidation–reduction responses. The results substantiate that ZmWRKY20 is directly targeted to the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) motif in the transcription factor ZmbZIP111. It was also verified that ZmWRKY20 interacts with ZmWRKY115 and both proteins act jointly to enhance ZmbZIP111 repression. The results indicate that the ZmWRKY20 and ZmWRKY115 transcription factors interact in the nucleus, leading to repression of ZmbZIP111 expression by directly binding its promoter, and increase the sensitivity of maize seedlings to salt stress. The current study improves our understanding of the complicated responses of maize to salt stress.
Intercellular model predicts mechanisms of inflammation‐fibrosis coupling after myocardial infarction
Authors: Chowkwale Mukti , Lindsey Merry L. , Saucerman Jeffrey J.
Published: July 2022

After myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac cells work together to regulate wound healing of the infarct. The pathological response to MI yields cardiac remodelling comprising inflammatory and fibrosis phases, and the interplay of cellular dynamics that underlies these phases has not been elucidated. This study developed a computational model to identify cytokine and cellular dynamics post‐MI to predict mechanisms driving post‐MI inflammation, resolution of inflammation, and scar formation. Additionally, this study evaluated the interdependence between inflammation and fibrosis. Our model bypassed limitations of in vivo approaches in achieving cellular specificity and performing specific perturbations such as global knockouts of chemical factors. The model predicted that inflammation is a graded response to initial infarct size that is amplified by a positive feedback loop between neutrophils and interleukin 1β (IL‐1β). Resolution of inflammation was driven by degradation of IL‐1β, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β), as well as apoptosis of neutrophils. Inflammation regulated TGFβ secretion directly through immune cell recruitment and indirectly through upregulation of macrophage phagocytosis. Lastly, we found that mature collagen deposition was an ultrasensitive switch in response to inflammation, which was amplified primarily by cardiac fibroblast proliferation. These findings describe the relationship between inflammation and fibrosis and highlight how the two responses work together post‐MI. This model revealed that post‐MI inflammation and fibrosis are dynamically coupled, which provides rationale for designing novel anti‐inflammatory, pro‐resolving or anti‐fibrotic therapies that may improve the response to MI.

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Key points

Inflammation and matrix remodelling are two processes involved in wound healing after a heart attack.

Cardiac cells work together to facilitate these processes; this is done by secreting cytokines that then regulate the cells themselves or other cells surrounding them.

This study developed a computational model of the dynamics of cardiac cells and cytokines to predict mechanisms through which inflammation and matrix remodelling is regulated.

We show the roles of various cytokines and signalling motifs in driving inflammation, resolution of inflammation and fibrosis.

The novel concept of inflammation–fibrosis coupling, based on the model prediction that inflammation and fibrosis are dynamically coupled, provides rationale for future studies and for designing therapeutics to improve the response after a heart attack.
Niños, niñas y jóvenes afectados por el conflicto armado, educación en derechos humanos y derecho a la educación
Authors:   , Villegas Patiño Marcela
Published: July 2022

La presente investigación documental, tiene por objeto evidenciar los alcances de la educación de los derechos humanos en el restablecimiento del derecho a la educación de niños, niñas y jóvenes afectados por el conflicto armado.
Las violaciones de los derechos humanos de niños, niñas y jóvenes en el conflicto armado interno es un problema central en la crisis de la educación de nuestro país,
por ello la educación de los derechos humanos es prioritaria en las políticas educativas en general, pero de manera especial en las que pretenden restablecer el
derecho a la educación de calidad. La educación es una pieza importante para la
reconstrucción de los países en situaciones de conflicto, ya que se convierte en un
escenario en el que se reconstruyen los proyectos de vida de las personas.
Sin embargo, esta situación es un gran reto para el sistema educativo de un país que invierte más recursos económicos en las fuerzas armadas que en la educación, para un país que tiene una evaluación deficiente en lo referente a la calidad de la educación y en el que prevalece la cultura de la violencia, la corrupción y el narcotráfico, sobre la cultura de los derechos humanos, la transparencia y la dignidad humana. Por estas circunstancias es prioritario concentrar los esfuerzos, en garantizar una educación de calidad basada en la inclusión y con perspectiva diferencial, dirigida a niños, niñas y jóvenes que han sufrido la desprotección del Estado, hasta convertirse en víctimas directas e indirectas del conflicto armado.
Una mirada a las interacciones y a la construcción de las redes sociales en tres jóvenes del sector rural
Authors:   , Peláez Romero Martha Patricia
Published: July 2022

La pretensión es comprender las características que se presentan en las redes sociales de tres jóvenes del sector rural, de acuerdo al entorno en el cual interactúan, a través de espacios, objetos y enunciados que las interacciones y los vínculos afectivos se resignifican continuamente llevando a los y a las jóvenes del sector rural a evocar situaciones, a entender comportamientos y a interpretar acontecimientos que nutren el entorno sociocultural y socioafectivo del ser humano en general.
La dimensión personal del penitente y su condición jurídica en el derecho canónico
Authors:   , Montagut Rodriguez Doris Gicelly
Published: July 2022

En el primer capítulo de esta investigación, se hace una descripción muy general en relación al penitente, ubicado, tanto en las sagradas escrituras como en la práctica de la Iglesia. En el segundo capítulo, concierne al aspecto jurídico de la figura del penitente, enfocado en la regulación anterior como en el derecho canónico actual. El tercer y último capítulo, es un trabajo de campo, con el fin de conocer la realidad del penitente en la Iglesia.
La potestad judicial (can. 1423 del CIC de 1983), tribunales eclesiásticos en Colombia
Authors:   , Carvajal Arismendy Nohemy del Rosario
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo contenido inicialmente en III Capítulos; el IV, el Motu Proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus, reforma que por tener relación directa con la investigación, hubo la necesidad de integrarlo al mismo, es el resultado del Sínodo de los Obispos en sus Asambleas de 2014 y 2015 que modificó la normativa sobre las Causas de nulidad del matrimonio, del Libro VII del Código de Derecho Canónico, originando un nuevo horizonte a los tribunales, los procesos y la actuación de los Abogados canonistas.

En el Capítulo I se trata La potestad judicial en la Iglesia Católica, su evolución histórica y legislativa, la búsqueda de la verdad como finalidad de la Causa canónica en el proceso de nulidad matrimonial, y el derecho de los fieles a la justicia de la Iglesia.

En el Capítulo II, Los Tribunales Eclesiásticos: su evolución histórica, la noción jurídico-canónica y su régimen, la composición interna de los tribunales y sus varias clases.

En el Capítulo III Los Tribunales Eclesiásticos en Colombia: creación y evolución histórica; Tribunales Interdiocesanos, su origen, finalidad que tuvo en mente el Papa Pio XI para constituirlos, dando origen a la redacción del canon 1423 y las condiciones de su creación en el país, y Estadísticas de las Causas de nulidad matrimonial.
La recta intención en candidatos para recibir las ordenes sagradas a tenor del canon 1029
Authors:   , Pardey Zúñiga Blas Alberto
Published: July 2022

El presupuesto fundamental de este trabajo es abordar el proceso que debe realizar la Iglesia para evaluar los rasgos que deben reunir los candidatos al sacramento del Orden; ello bajo la premisa que no se trata de la adquisición de un grado académico sino que involucra el derecho de la Iglesia a formar, y por ende a escoger ministros idóneos. El canon 1029 presenta la recta intención como una condición a ser evaluada, un aspecto del fuero interno cuya presencia ha de ser determinada a lo largo del proceso de formación del sacerdote, el cual articula los procesos de discernimiento y acompañamiento e involucra las áreas de pastoral juvenil. vocacional y presbiteral. El trabajo vincula los relatos de antiguos seminaristas con las acciones eclesiales establecidas como desarrollo de la normativa canónica vigente, y que propenden por conservar la integridad del ministro ordenado, como garante y ejecutor de la labor salvífica de la iglesia en favor de los hombres. A partir de la discusión entre las fuentes documentales (canónicas y eclesiales) y las experiencias de formación se puede destacar la urgente necesidad de afinar la selección de los ministros de la Iglesia como una tarea para la prevención de conductas asociadas con la ausencia de recta intención, y que inciden en la calidad del quehacer pastoral eficiente dentro de la Iglesia.
Subjetividades políticas en la niñez. Sistematización de la experiencia del Movimiento Nacional de Niños, Niñas, Adolescentes y Jóvenes Gestores de Paz. Por un hoy y un mañana diferentes
Authors:   , Caicedo Moncada Juan Pablo
Published: July 2022

La presente investigación es una sistematización de la experiencia del Movimiento Nacional de Niños, Niñas, Adolescentes y Jóvenes Gestores de Paz, la cual pretende mediante una mirada analítica del mismo, en clave de niñez/adultocentrismo, subjetividades políticas, movimientos sociales y culturas de paz, ser un insumo valioso para posibilitar al Movimiento una lectura, análisis y planteamiento a futuro de sus acciones, escenarios, estructura, apuestas, incidencia y relaciones. Para lo cual se sugerirán, desde la voz, reflexiones y observaciones de los actores implicados, una serie de asuntos sobre los que valdría la pena volver; así como se presentaran además diversos aprendizajes desde las regiones, municipios y barrios en los cuales hacen presencia los Gestores de Paz, con el objeto de que las vivencias y trayectorias de unos, potencialicen y nutran las de otros.
Esta propuesta de generar y visibilizar el conocimiento y las acciones que desde lo local se adelantan, apunta a que la tarea investigativa que tuvo lugar durante varios meses de acompañamiento, fortalezca el accionar del Movimiento y contribuya a la labor que este viene desempeñando hace años en la construcción de sociedades más justas, democráticas y con mejores condiciones para todos y todas.
Masculinidades en transición : transformación de las masculinidades de hombres y mujeres excombatientes de las FARC-EP en proceso de reincorporación
Authors:   , Harb Zuluaga Michelle
Published: July 2022

La investigación aborda la transformación de masculinidades y relaciones de género de hombres y mujeres excombatientes de las FARC-EP en proceso de reincorporación en el marco del Acuerdo de Paz suscrito entre el Gobierno Colombiano y el mencionado grupo en 2016. Esto se realiza desde la perspectiva de un abordaje psicosocial, teorías posestructurales de género y los estudios latinoamericanos y colombianos de masculinidades en contextos de guerra. En el trabajo se evidencia que gran parte de la construcción de subjetividad de los y las combatientes dentro del grupo armado gira en torno a símbolos de virilidad, lo que produce una hipermasculinización. Esto se refleja en las relaciones de género y en la racionalización de las emociones, entre otros aspectos. El tránsito a la vida civil supone la pérdida de varios de estos símbolos de virilidad, lo que conduce a los combatientes a una sensación de vulnerabilidad y, por tanto, a una búsqueda para reafirmar su hombría, muchas veces, de forma violenta.
Encuentros para volver a empezar. Elementos a tener en cuenta en el acompañamiento psicosocial de los migrantes venezolanos que llegan a la ciudad de Bogotá D.C.
Authors:   , Cardona Patiño Erika
Published: July 2022

La migración históricamente ha atravesado la constitución del Estado – Nación, y desde allí esta se percibe como un proceso disruptivo en la configuración de la identidad nacional, actualmente existe un flujo migratorio desde Venezuela hacia Colombia, movimiento transnacional con un carácter pendular en el que ha sido de vital importancia generar líneas de atención inicial y estabilización económica; el objetivo de este trabajo de grado ha sido reconocer los elementos de acompañamiento psicosocial a tener en cuenta que permitan acoger a los migrantes en Bogotá y generar estrategias de acompañamiento.
Se realizó una investigación /intervención de tipo cualitativo desde un enfoque transnacional, intervención psicosocial, redes sociales y conversaciones dialógicas, con fuentes primarias y análisis de contenido a partir de los datos registrados en entrevistas y grupo focal con migrantes y personas que trabajan con ellos en el marco de las atenciones que brinda la Dirección de Asuntos Humanitarios de la Cruz Roja Colombiana Seccional Cundinamarca Bogotá - CRCSCB.
Se describen las narrativas, el origen, el destino y los vínculos transnacionales de los migrantes venezolanos que se encuentran en Bogotá D. C., y cómo los discursos se convierten en procesos de transformación que reconfigura los sentidos, vínculos y relaciones. En conclusión, a pesar de del miedo y la incertidumbre que se presentan al migrar, la historia nunca se borra sino que se transforma y es necesario pensar en una integración social que mitigue efectos adversos que afecten la salud mental.
El matrimonio camino de santidad
Authors:   , Cepeda Vargas Víctor Manuel
Published: July 2022

La obra nos presenta un estudio en profundidad de los elementos esenciales del matrimonio cristiano y el llamado a la santidad personal y familiar en sus fuentes históricas, bíblicas, teológicas, canónicas, pastorales en donde se propone en forma orgánica y sistemática la doctrina y los medios más propicios para que los esposos y todo bautizado se deleiten por su santificación, en contraste con la crisis familiar en una sociedad que sigue perdiendo los valores humanos y espirituales. Se analiza con rigor científico la actual situación de las familias contaminadas por sistemas e ideologías contrarios a la voluntad del Creador, y donde la vida de los santos y esposos que en el pasado y en la actualidad han dado ejemplo de santidad son loables de imitar, como enseña san Agustín, los ejemplos son más poderosos que las palabras y una buena obra enseña más que un discurso. Urge defender y fortalecer nuestras familias en cada momento histórico para santificarnos con ellas. La Evangelización del nuevo milenio debe fundarse en la doctrina del Concilio Vaticano II, debe ser tarea común de los obispos, de los sacerdotes, de los religiosos y de los seglares, obra de los padres y de los jóvenes, no olvidando que el futuro de la humanidad se fragua en la familia, (Juan Pablo II) y que la defensa de la vida, el reconocimiento de la familia y la libertad de educación son tres principios innegociables para la Iglesia y los cristianos en política. (Benedicto XVI).
Ingreso mínimo vital, línea de pobreza, salario mínimo constitucional y la renta básica para Colombia
Authors: Nina Esteban
Published: July 2022

¿Cuánto es el ingreso mínimo que garantiza una vida digna a un hogar en Colombia? Es la pregunta que investigadores, organismos gubernamentales y población en general se plantean. Esta pregunta es pertinente porque nos remite a indagar sobre cuánto es el costo de una vida digna en una sociedad o país, como es el caso de Colombia. Esto hace referencia al valor monetario de lograr unas condiciones de vida mínimas para una persona o familia que en general es establecido a partir de dos conceptos: el valor de la línea de pobreza y el salario mínimo legal. Ambos conceptos aluden a un criterio de umbral de pobreza o mínimo de bienestar, que se toman para establecer el referente normativo del ingreso mínimo en Colombia y muchos países de América Latina. Sin embargo, es necesaria una aproximación al ingreso mínimo como un derecho fundamental, entendido como un ingreso mínimo vital que garantice una vida digna. Esto implica tomar en cuenta dos consideraciones complementarias para Colombia, que son el ingreso mínimo vital como derecho fundamental establecido en los mandatos constitucionales y el derecho de ciudadanía en los derechos sociales. El propósito del artículo es proponer una nueva política pública social, establecido en el derecho fundamental a un ingreso mínimo vital, el derecho a un Salario Mínimo Constitucional (SMC) y el derecho a un ingreso o Renta Básica Permanente (RBP) que garantice la vida digna de las personas, concretando así el mandato de la Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991.
Modeling and Analysis of Tendon-Driven Parallel Continuum Robots Under Constant Curvature and Pseudo-Rigid-Body Assumptions
Authors: Wen Kefei , Burgner-Kahrs Jessica
Published: July 2022

This article unifies the approaches of kinematic and static modeling, and singularity analysis for tendon-driven parallel continuum robots under constant curvature as well as pseudo-rigid-body assumptions with those implemented in conventional rigid parallel robots. Constraint conditions are determined for the legs of this type of parallel continuum robots based on which the velocity equations and Jacobian matrices are derived. These are further exploited for inverse kinematic and singularity analysis. Static models for the robot as well as for each of the continuum links under pseudo-rigid-body assumption are derived. Finally, a simulation example is given to validate the kinematic models. It is shown that singularities can be determined using Grassmann line geometry or by detecting the numerical values of three performance indices.
Nonlinear coupling in an asymmetric pendulum
Authors: Jia Qiuhan , Luo Yao , Zhou Huijun , Wang Yinlong , Wan Jianguo , Wang Sihui
Published: July 2022

We investigate the nonlinear behavior of a simple pendulum fixed to an elastic rod, which can only vibrate horizontally. When released without initial angular momentum, the plane of the pendulum rotates, and the bob traces a delicate stationary pattern. We explain this effect as amplitude modulation due to the nonlinear coupling between the two degrees of freedom. We construct a theoretical model and approximately solve the equations of motion analytically (using the method of multiple scales); we also solve these equations numerically. In the analytical solution, the modulation period depends not only on the dynamical parameters but also on the pendulum's initial release position, which is typical of nonlinear systems. Finally, we build a simple apparatus and conduct a quantitative experiment. The approximate analytical solutions exhibit the same trends as the numerical results and experimental data. After adding linear dissipation, the numerical and experimental results match fairly well. This system can serve as an instructive demonstration as well as a nonlinear dynamics research project for undergraduate students.
On the nonlinearity of a tuning fork
Authors: Xiao Lintao , Bao Chenyu , Jia Qiuhan , Wu Haoyang , Zhou Huijun , Wan Jianguo , Wang Sihui
Published: July 2022

Tuning fork experiments at the undergraduate level usually only demonstrate a tuning fork's linear resonance. In this paper, we introduce an experiment that can be used to measure the nonlinear frequency response curve of a regular tuning fork. Using double-grating Doppler interferometry, we achieve measurement precision of the oscillation amplitude in the range of microns. With this experimental setup, we observe nonlinear behaviors of the tuning fork, such as the softening frequency response curve and the jump phenomenon. This provides an integrated experiment for intermediate-level students and a basis for senior research projects.
Exam problems that link physical concepts with electrical phenomena in living cells
Authors: Shlyonsky Vadim , de Prelle Bertrand , Bodranghien Florian , Bischop Don Patrick , Gall David
Published: July 2022

We present a collection of biophysics examination problems that focus on electrodiffusion, the superposition principle, and currents in RC circuits, leading towards an understanding of the Hodgkin–Huxley model of action potentials. These problems link basic concepts in electricity to the physiology of living cells. The models described in these problems are intended help students develop an understanding of electrical processes in cells. Our work shows how introductory-level electricity courses can be taught in parallel with basic cell (electro)physiology and how basic concepts of electric circuits apply to cellular phenomena.
Perihelion precession in power-law potentials: Hénon's theorem
Authors: Dmitrašinović V. , Janković Marija R.
Published: July 2022

In 1977, Michel Hénon proved a remarkable theorem for planar N-body orbits in power-law potentials that relates the rate of change of the perihelion angle (the precession rate), the rate of change of the period evaluated at constant energy, the angular momentum of an orbit, and the power law of the potential. We provide a simple proof of this theorem for two bodies in periodic orbits that interact via a radial power-law force, which is, of course, equivalent to a one-body problem with a power-law central potential. We discuss this theorem's underlying assumptions and implications, including its relation to Bertrand's and Bohlin's theorems, and we illustrate it with several numerically calculated examples.
A simple and low-cost experimental method to determine the thermal diffusivity of various types of foods
Authors: Wang Lisa R. , Jin Yifei “Jenny” , Wang Jian Jim
Published: July 2022

A simple low-cost method was used to measure the thermal diffusivity of nine different types of foods: potato, sweet potato, pumpkin, taro, radish, eggplant, lemon, tomato, and onion. We cut the foods into spherical shapes, inserted thermocouple sensors into their centers, and immersed them in boiling water. Fitting the time dependence of the center temperature to a heat-conduction model yielded a value for the thermal diffusivity with good consistency between spheres of different radii. This method can be generalized to determine thermal diffusivity of a wide variety of samples.