bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Azithromycin Susceptibility of Oral Streptococci in Belgian Men Who Have Sex with Men and the General Population: A Comparison of Two Cross-Sectional Surveys
Authors: Abdellati Saïd , Vanhout Zoe , Gesteis Zina , de Block Tessa , Vanbaelen Thibaut , Santhini Manoharan-Basil Sheeba , Kenyon Chris
Published: February 2025

Background: Excessive antimicrobial consumption may saturate the relationship between subsequent antimicrobial exposure and resistance. The ResistAZM randomised controlled trial in Belgium found that 2 g of azithromycin had no effect on the prevalence of macrolide resistance in oral streptococci. At baseline, macrolide resistance was, however, pervasive in this population of men who have sex with men with high exposure to antimicrobials.

Methods: The authors used the same sampling and laboratory protocol to assess if the streptococcal azithromycin susceptibilities in the ResistAZM study were higher than those from isolates obtained from the Belgian general population with lower consumption of antimicrobials (ComCom2023 study).

Results: Streptococcal azithromycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were higher in the ResistAZM (median: 32 mg/L; interquartile range: 12–96 mg/L) than in the ComCom2023 study (median: 1 mg/L; (interquartile range: 0.5–12 mg/L; P<0.00001). The azithromycin MICs of S. mitis/oralis, S. parasanguinis, and S. sanguinis were all significantly higher in the ResistAZM study.

Interpretation: The authors found that the streptococcal macrolide MIC distribution of the ResistAZM participants was significantly higher than that of the Belgian general population in 2023. These findings are compatible with the saturation hypothesis and strengthen the argument that more discriminatory methods are needed to evaluate the effects of antimicrobials on antimicrobial resistance in populations exposed to high levels of antimicrobials. The authors’ findings add support to stewardship initiatives that aim to reduce antimicrobial consumption in this population.
Arahan Pengembangan Wisata di Kawasan Banten Lama
Authors: Isnaniyah Zahratul , Sri Mulyawati Lilis , Mujio Mujio
Published: February 2025

ABSTRAK
Pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan di Indonesia, sektor pariwisata memberikan dampak yang sangat besar bagi pemerintahan dan juga bagi masyarakat karena dapat menjadi mata pencaharian masyarakat terutama yang berada di lokasi atau kawasan yang menjadi tujuan wisata. Provinsi Banten memiliki potensi pariwisata yang banyak mulai dari wisata religi, wisata budaya, wisata bahari/pesisir, wisata alam, dan wisata lainnnya. Saat ini pariwisata yang berkembang di Provinsi Banten hanya wisata religi saja, padahal potensi wisata non religi cukup besar, termasuk di dalamnya wisata yang berbasis wisata pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui arahan pengembangannya. Metode analisis yang digunakan meliputi analisis deksriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian ini terkait arahan pengembangan ditemukan arahan pengembangan wisata pesisir salah satunya yaitu paket – paket wisata untuk menunjang wisata religi Kawasan Banten Lama Provinsi Banten.
Kata kunci: arahan pengembangan, pariwisata, wisata religi
ABSTRACT
Tourism is one of the sectors that is currently being developed in Indonesia. The tourism sector has a huge impact on the government and also on the community because it can become a livelihood for the community, especially those in locations or areas that are tourist destinations. Banten Province has a lot of tourism potential, ranging from religious tourism, cultural tourism, marine/coastal tourism, natural tourism and other tourism. Currently, the tourism that is developing in Banten Province is only religious tourism, even though the potential for non-religious tourism is quite large, including tourism based on coastal tourism. This research aims to determine the direction of its development. The analytical method used includes qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of this research regarding development directions, one of the directions for developing coastal tourism was found, namely tourism packages to support religious tourism in the Old Banten Area, Banten Province.
Keywords: development directions, religious tourism, tourist
Atitudes Sociais de Professores da Educação Infantil em Relação à Inclusão
Authors: Alonso Pereira Adriana
Published: February 2025

As atitudes sociais em relação à inclusão podem influenciar a forma como os professores se relacionam com seus alunos, inclusive com as crianças que apresentam alguma necessidade educacional especial. Nesse sentido, conhecer as atitudes sociais de professores da Educação Infantil pode ser relevante, uma vez que esses professores atuam diretamente na formação inicial das crianças e podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de atitudes mais favoráveis em relação à inclusão de crianças pertencentes ao público elegível da Educação Especial. Desse modo, este estudo teve como objetivo geral verificar as atitudes sociais de professores da Educação Infantil em relação à inclusão e, como objetivo específico, discutir possíveis relações entre as atitudes sociais e a variável demográfica idade. Para isso, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de coleta de dados: a Escala Likert de Atitudes Sociais em relação à inclusão (ELASI) e um formulário de caracterização dos participantes, com questões demográficas. Os dados da ELASI foram analisados a partir da atribuição de um escore para cada professor. A análise do formulário de caracterização focou em possíveis relações entre as atitudes dos professores e sua idade. Apesar de não terem sido utilizados testes estatísticos que confirmem a hipótese inicial de que professores mais jovens apresentam atitudes sociais mais favoráveis à inclusão, os resultados indicaram uma tendência nesse sentido, conforme evidenciado na literatura especializada.
Phytochemical baicalin potentially inhibits Bcl-2 and VEGF: an in silico approach
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Gupta Arti , Singh Mohini , Singh Anshul , Chaudhary Anis Ahmad , Ahmed Zakir Hassain , Khan Salah-ud-din , Rustagi Sarvesh , Kumar Sanjay , Kumar Sandeep
Published: February 2025

Background

The rising prevalence of cancer cells exhibits uncontrolled growth and invasive and aggressive properties, leading to metastasis, which poses a significant challenge for global health. Central to cancer development are proteins such as NF-kB, p53, VEGF, and BAX/Bcl-2, which play important roles in angiogenesis, cell apoptosis regulation, and tumor growth.

Methodology

This in silico study evaluates the activity of six different natural as well as novel therapeutic strategies against cancer. Using a computational approach, i.e., virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the binding affinities and interactions of selected phytochemicals with cancer-specific proteins were analyzed. Key criteria for selection included binding affinity, molecular stability, and pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties. Post-selection, dynamics of ligand–protein interactions were further examined through MD simulations conducted using Desmond-Maestro 2020-4 on a Linux-based HP Z2 workstation, providing an insight into the conformational changes in the stability of the inhibitor–protein complexes. This was complemented by ADMET predictions to assess pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles.

Results

Our findings reveal that out of six phytochemicals, baicalin exhibited the most promising results, with docking scores of −9.2 kcal/mol and −9.0 kcal/mol against Bcl-2 and VEGF receptors, respectively. The MD simulation (100 ns) confirmed the stability of baicalin–protein interactions, supported by hydrophobic interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The RMSD and RMSF values of baicalin exhibit an acceptable global minimum (3.5–6 Å) for p53, VEGF, and BAX/Bcl-2.

Conclusion

This study highlights the potential of baicalin, a phytochemical known for anti-cancerous, anti-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative properties, as a promising candidate for cancer treatment. Further exploration and validation of its inhibitory mechanisms could open a promising avenue for therapeutic approaches in oncology.
Biomechanical analysis of spinal range of motion and intervertebral disc loadings in normal and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis models
Authors: Wang Haikuan , Ma Zhengwei , Wu Zhihua , Lin Yuanfang , Yu Jie , Qian Xin , Jian Sili , Sun Yueli , Wei Wei , Yu Xiang , Liang Ziyang
Published: February 2025

Objective

While the Lenke classification enhances our structural understanding of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the biomechanical implications for spinal range of motion (ROM) and intervertebral disc (IVD) loadings remain unclear. This study aims to quantitatively explore and compare these biomechanical responses in normal thoracolumbar spines and those with various curvatures of Lenke types under pure bending conditions.

Methods

The baseline thoracolumbar finite element (FE) model was derived from a comprehensive human body FE model, validated, and calibrated against spinal responses under dynamic compression and quasi-static bending conditions. Using mesh morphing, AIS models of Lenke 1, Lenke 2, Lenke 3, and Lenke 5 were established to represent their respective spinal curvatures. Pure bending moments of ±7.5 Nm in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation were applied to both normal and AIS models. Global spinal ROM and ROM of spinal segments T1-T6, T7-T12, and L1-Sacrum were measured under each loading condition. IVD mechanical loadings, including force, moment, and VonMises stress, were also evaluated and compared across all models.

Results

AIS models showed higher principal ROM compared to the normal model, with Lenke 2 having the highest ROM from T1-Sacrum and Lenke 3 the highest ROM from T6-12. AIS models exhibited more asymmetry in segmental ROM, particularly in the lumbar spine during lateral bending and axial rotation. IVD mechanical loadings varied significantly between normal and AIS models, influenced by spinal curvature types. AIS models had higher secondary moments and shear forces, especially under flexion-extension. The highest stress was mostly observed in the frontal IVD regions under flexion which was greatly reduced under extension. Lateral bending caused the highest stress predominantly on the same side as the loading direction in the IVD regions. The IVDs of T6-T7 and T12-L1 showed even stress distribution under axial rotation, while the right IVD regions of L5-Sacrum sustained the highest stress under right axial rotation, and the left regions under left axial rotation. In Lenke 3 and Lenke 5 models, the right (concave) regions of the T12-L1 IVD consistently sustained higher stress levels, regardless of the loading conditions applied.

Conclusion

This study underscores significant biomechanical differences between normal and AIS models, revealing intricate interactions within scoliotic spines and enhancing our understanding of AIS biomechanics. These insights can aid in better diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis. Extension-focused therapeutic exercises may reduce stress on anterior IVDs, potentially lowering the risk of low back pain or disc herniation, while careful management of rotational exercises can help minimize stress in the lower lumbar regions.
Comparing sparse inertial sensor setups for sagittal-plane walking and running reconstructions
Authors: Dorschky Eva , Nitschke Marlies , Mayer Matthias , Weygers Ive , Gassner Heiko , Seel Thomas , Eskofier Bjoern M. , Koelewijn Anne D.
Published: February 2025

Estimating spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic movement variables with little obtrusion to the user is critical for clinical and sports applications. One possible approach is using a sparse inertial sensor setup, where sensors are not placed on all relevant body segments. Here, we investigated if movement variables can be estimated similarly accurate from sparse sensor setups as from a full lower-body sensor setup. We estimated the variables by solving optimal control problems with sagittal plane lower-body musculoskeletal models, in which we minimized an objective that combined tracking of accelerometer and gyroscope data with minimizing muscular effort. We created simulations for 10 participants at three walking and three running speeds, using seven sensor setups with between two and seven sensors located at the feet, shank, thighs, and/or pelvis. We found that differences between variables estimated from inertial sensors and those from optical motion capture were small for all sensor setups. Including all sensors did not necessarily lead to the smallest root mean square deviations (RMSDs) and highest coefficients of determination (R2). Setups without a pelvis sensor led to too much forward trunk lean and inaccurate spatiotemporal variables. Mean RMSDs were highest for the setup with two foot-worn inertial sensors (largest error in knee angle during running: 18 deg vs. 11 deg for the full lower-body setup), and ranged between 4.8–18 deg for the joint angles, between 1.0–5.4 BW BH% for the joint moments, and between 0.03 BW–0.49 BW for the ground reaction forces. We found strong or moderate relationships (R2>0.5) on average for all kinematic and kinetic variables, except for the hip and knee moment for five out of the seven setups. The large range of the coefficient of determination for most kinetic variables indicated individual differences in simulation quality. Therefore, we conclude that we can perform a comprehensive sagittal-plane motion analysis with sparse sensor setups as accurately as with a full sensor setup with sensors on the feet and on either the pelvis or the thighs. Such a sparse sensor setup enables comprehensive movement analysis outside the laboratory, by increasing usability of inertial sensors.
ZNF32 histidine 179 and 183 single-site and double-site mutations promote nuclear speckle formation but differentially regulate the proliferation of breast cancer cells
Authors: Zhong Chaosong , Chen Dingshuang , Wang Fei , Wang Junqi , Li Ruiwen , Li Yanyan , Gong Di
Published: February 2025

Studies have shown that histidine 179A and 183A (H179, 183A) of the ZNF32 protein exhibit point-like nuclear speckles, but the causes of such speckle formation and their effects on breast cancer cells remain unknown. In this study, we prepared breast cancer cells containing ZNF32 H179, 183A, H179A, and H183A and observed nuclear speckles in all three cell types. Transcriptome analysis showed that these nuclear speckles may be related to changes in the activities of the cell growth factor and RNA polymerase II transcription factor. Comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses showed that the formation of ZNF32 nuclear speckles was accompanied by changes in choline metabolism. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments suggested that ZNF32 H179A and H183A but not H179, 183A could promote breast cancer cell proliferations. We then explored and verified the differentially expressed genes through RNA-seq and RT-qPCR to explain the different proliferation abilities of these mutations. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that ZNF32 H179A and H183A could transcriptionally activate ISY1-RAB43 and UPK3BL1 while inhibiting the transcription of SNX22; this is attributable to the fact that these mutations cause different zinc finger structure changes in ZNF32. The present study deepens the understanding of ZNF32 mutations with respect to nuclear speckle formation and their roles in the proliferation of breast cancer cells.
Current advances and future prospects of cell reprogramming in progeroid syndromes
Authors: Moledo-Nodar Lucas , Celemín-Capaldi Víctor , Ugalde Alejandro P. , Freije José M. P.
Published: February 2025

Cell reprogramming consists in the reverse process to cell differentiation, making cells lose their identity and age-related characteristics and granting an increased potential for proliferation and redifferentiation on different lineages. This process holds immense potential for the treatment of several pathologies, including progeroid syndromes, diseases that recapitulate the symptoms seen in physiological aging in an accelerated manner. Among the recent advances on the use of cell reprogramming in the context of progeroid syndromes, the interventions based on partial reprogramming, consisting on the dedifferentiation of cells only up to a point in which they lose age related characteristics but keep their identity, stand out. This partial reprogramming can be achieved both using the forced expression of transcription factors or cocktails of small molecules that regulate different biological processes. While all these advances are promising, the use of cell reprogramming in the treatment of progeroid syndromes still faces several challenges, such as the development of methods that allow for an efficient delivery of cell reprogramming factors in vivo and fine tuning of the dose used. Furthermore, these approaches should be accompanied by treatments targeting the original cause of the disease or they could be proven futile in the long term.
Therapeutic potential of Laurus nobilis extract by experimental and computational approaches: phenolic content and bioactivities for antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinergic properties
Authors: Altın Sevgi , Işık Mesut , Alp Cemalettin , Dikici Emrah , Köksal Ekrem , Kırboğa Kevser Kübra , Rudrapal Mithun , Rakshit Gourav , Beydemir Şükrü , Khan Johra
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Laurus nobilis (LN), has traditional medicinal uses, and this study investigates its therapeutic potential by focusing on its phenolic content and bioactivities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinergic properties. Phenolic compounds play key roles in reducing oxidative stress and modulating enzymatic activities, relevant to metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders.

Methods

LN leaf extracts were prepared via ethanol maceration, followed by filtration and concentration. Phenolic content was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed through ferric thiocyanate, DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Enzyme inhibition assays targeted AChE, BChE, and α-GLY, with IC50 values from dose-response curves. In silico analyses were conducted using molecular docking techniques to predict the binding mechanisms of identified phenolic compounds with the active sites of target enzymes, evaluating binding affinities and interaction profiles.

Results

Vanillic acid and catechin hydrate were the most abundant phenolics. LN extract showed strong lipid peroxidation inhibition (50.53%) compared to Trolox (28.33%) and α-tocopherol (37.79%). Moderate radical scavenging and metal reduction potentials were observed. IC50 values were 2.57 µg/L for AChE, 3.78 µg/L for BChE, and 4.65 µg/L for α-GLY, indicating notable bioactivity. In silico studies confirmed strong binding affinities of phenolics to target enzymes.

Discussion

LN extracts demonstrated promising antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinergic activities, attributed to high phenolic content. Enzyme inhibition results suggest potential in managing metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. In silico findings support these bioactivities, highlighting LN’s therapeutic potential.
Construction of pH-responsive hydrogel coatings on titanium surfaces for antibacterial and osteogenic properties
Authors: Peng Shan , Liu Yueru , Zhao Wei , Liu Xinpeng , Yu Ronghua , Yu Yonglin
Published: February 2025

Infection is one of the leading causes of failure in titanium-based implant materials during clinical surgeries, often resulting in delayed or non-union of bone healing. Furthermore, the overuse of antibiotics can lead to bacterial resistance. Therefore, developing a novel titanium-based implant material with both antimicrobial and osteogenic properties is of great significance. In this study, chitosan (CS), polydopamine (PDA), and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) HHC36 were applied to modify the surface of titanium, resulting in the successful preparation of the composite material Ti-PDA-CS/PDA@HHC36 (abbreviated as T-P-C/P@H). CS promotes osteogenesis and cell adhesion, providing an ideal microenvironment for bone repair. PDA enhances the material’s biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, offering cell adhesion sites, while both components exhibit pH-responsive characteristics. The HHC36 effectively prevents infection, protecting the bone repair material from bacterial damage. Overall, the synergistic effects of these components in T-P-C/P@H not only confer excellent antimicrobial and osteogenic properties but also improve biocompatibility, offering a new strategy for applying titanium-based implants in clinical settings.
Clinical utility of nanopore-targeted sequencing for diagnosing and treating pulmonary infectious diseases from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
Authors: Li Gen , Sun He , Ye Yangqin , Chen Liqiong , Zhang Wenyan , Yu Shanshan , Li Qiang , Fan Lieying
Published: February 2025

Background

Conventional microbial testing (CMTs) for infectious pathogens faces challenges in rapid and comprehensive detection. Nanopore-targeted sequencing (NTS) is a novel approach for rapid identification of pathogens; however, clinical experience with the application of NTS is limited.

Methods

We evaluated the diagnostic value of NTS for detecting microbes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples in patients with pulmonary infectious disease (PID, 137 cases), non-pulmonary infectious disease (NPID, 32 cases), or with an unknown etiology (11 cases). We performed a comparative analysis of the diagnostic efficacy of NTS and CMTs in identifying pulmonary infectious diseases and investigated the clinical utility of NTS as a diagnostic tool.

Results

NTS was significantly more sensitive than CMTs in detecting PID (86.13% vs 67.15%, P < 0.01), particularly for important specific pathogens. There were no significant differences between NTS and CMTs in terms of specificity, positive predictive value or negative predictive value. Moreover, NTS (not CMTs) detected 56 microorganisms consistent with clinical presentation, indicating that NTS can provide clinicians with additional support for infection diagnosis. Additionally, prior antibiotic exposure had no influence on the detection efficiency of NTS but significantly hindered that of CMTs. After antibiotic adjustments based on NTS findings, 87.76% of patients showed significant improvement, with a notable decrease in the level of inflammatory markers (CRP, NP, PCT, WBC) post-treatment. Furthermore, NTS can significantly shorten turnaround time and provide real-time results for rapid decision making.

Conclusions

NTS is more efficient than CMTs in diagnosing pulmonary infectious diseases, particularly in detecting critical or specific pathogens, providing faster and more accurate clinical information even for patients with prior antibiotic exposure. Moreover, NTS can assist clinicians in formulating more effective anti-infection strategies.
Use of ICTs to confront climate change: analysis and perspectives
Authors: Escobar-Teran Freddy , Zapata Jose , Briones Felipe , Rosero Marcelo , Portilla Jorge
Published: February 2025

The effects of climate change, including temperature and precipitation changes, the retreat of ice sheets, and rising sea levels are more evident today. It emphasizes that greenhouse gases are the primary drivers of these changes. In this context, some international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and others have been making significant efforts to combat these effects and have considered information and communication technologies (ICTs) as an alternative for monitoring and mitigating climate change. However, the role of ICTs in climate change has not been analyzed in detail. Accordingly, this article presents research progress on the role of ICTs in climate change monitoring and evidence that ICTs are effective tools for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from different sectors. Additionally, this article provides a cost-benefit analysis of ICT applications in various sectors, emphasizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Application of autologous platelet rich plasma in Sun's procedure for acute type A aortic dissection under moderate hypothermia
Authors: Sun Kaiyue , Wei Ruyuan , Liu Zihua , Zhao Xin , Liu Kai
Published: February 2025

Background

Coagulopathy and inflammatory response are the intractable complication during Sun's procedure for type A aortic dissection (AAD). This study aims to investigate the efficacy of autologous platelet rich plasma (aPRP) on the patients undergoing Sun's procedure under moderate hypothermia.

Methods

A total of 372 AAD patients who underwent Sun's procedure under moderate hypothermia were divided into aPRP group (aPRP was separated before heparinization and transfused after protamine neutralization) and Non-aPRP group (without aPRP apheresis). Preoperative characteristics, intraoperative data, postoperative outcomes, and perioperative laboratory reports were collected and analyzed.

Results

The operation time (301.1 ± 21.3 vs. 318.1 ± 29.9, P < 0.001), postoperative ventilation time [25.3[19.2, 37.0] vs. 31.9[25.4, 43.1], P < 0.001] and cardiac intensive care unit stay [4.8[3.5, 7.9] vs. 8.7[4.9,11.2], P < 0.001] in aPRP group were significantly shorter than that in Non-aPRP group. Intraoperative blood loss (637.2 ± 24.9 vs. 908.4 ± 51.0, P < 0.001), transfusion of allogeneic blood products (PLT: 2.11 ± 1.03 vs. 2.52 ± 0.83, P < 0.001; Plasma: 405.6 ± 55.6 vs. 421.0 ± 61.7, P = 0.012; Cryoprecipitate: 9.7 ± 2.4 vs. 10.4 ± 1.9, P = 0.002; RBC: 422.7 ± 64.9 vs. 479.2 ± 81.0, P < 0.001) and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (8.2% vs. 16.2%, P = 0.027) were reduced in aPRP group. The costs of both blood products (9,202.2 ± 1,597.4 vs. 10,031.9 ± 3,471.8, P = 0.003) and the total hospitalization (243.5 ± 33.1 vs. 297.6 ± 43.5, P < 0.001) were decreased in aPRP group. Furthermore, intraoperative and postoperative levels of C-reactive protein and Interleukin-6 (P < 0.001) in aPRP group were lower than that in Non-aPRP group. There was no significant difference in renal, cerebral complications and hospital stay between the two groups.

Conclusion

Application of aPRP in Sun's procedure reduced the perioperative blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion, contributed to the decreased postoperative pulmonary complications and shortened intensive care unit duration. Apheresis and re-infusion of aPRP in Sun's procedure alleviated postoperative inflammation to a certain degree and was a desirable approach for AAD patients.
The mitochondrial dysfunction, alongside the modifiable burden of traditional risk factors, drives the development of early-onset coronary artery disease
Authors: Campolo Jonica , Canale Paola , Gazzaniga Gianluca , Parolini Marina , Piccaluga Emanuela , Bossi Irene , Oreglia Jacopo , Borghini Andrea , Marinaro Irene , Andreassi Maria Grazia
Published: February 2025

Objective

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis by disrupting key cellular processes that contribute to premature vascular ageing. However, the specific role of mitochondrial dysfunction in early-onset coronary artery disease (EOCAD), which is increasing at a particularly alarming rate, remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the association of leukocyte mtDNA-CN and mtDNA4977 deletion with the risk of EOCAD.

Methods

The study included 118 patients (99 men, 51.0 ± 5.6 years) with angiographically EOCAD (≤60 years) and 150 healthy controls (94 men, 49.8 ± 5.8 years). Quantitative RT-PCR was used to quantify mtDNA-CN and mtDNA4977 deletion rate.

Results

The EOCAD group had a higher prevalence of male gender (p < 0.001), smoking (p = 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.04) and obesity (p < 0.001) than controls. EOCAD patients had lower mtDNA-CN (p < 0.001) and higher mtDNA4977 deletion (p = 0.026). Low mtDNA-CN levels were significantly associated with male gender (p < 0.001), smoking (p = 0.004), hypertension (p = 0.039), hypercholesterolemia (p < 0.001), and obesity (p < 0.001). Increased levels of the mtDNA4977 deletion were significantly higher in males (p = 0.026) and hypercholesterolemic patients (p < 0.001). The ROC curve of mtDNA-CN and mtDNA4977 deletion in predicting EOCAD showed an AUC of 0.902 (95% CI 0.867–0.937, p < 0.001) and 0.762 (95% CI 0.691–0.834, p < 0.001), respectively. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders showed that both mtDNA-CN and mtDNA4977 deletion were independent significant predictors of EOCAD (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

EOCAD is characterized by a high prevalence of modifiable risk factors and mitochondrial damage, underscoring the need for more efforts to reduce the burden of traditional risk factors and highlighting the potential for innovative mitochondrial-targeted therapies.
Clinical performance of subcutaneous vs. transvenous implantable defibrillator in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: data from Monaldi Rhythm Registry
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Caturano Alfredo , Bianchi Valter , Rago Anna , Ammendola Ernesto , Papa Andrea Antonio , Della Cioppa Nadia , Guarino Annamaria , Masi Alessandro , D'Onofrio Antonio , Golino Paolo , Di Lorenzo Emilio , Nigro Gerardo
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) is an alternative to a transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (TV-ICD) system in selected patients not in need of pacing or resynchronization. Currently, little is known about the effectiveness and safety of S-ICD in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). The aim of our study was to describe the clinical features and the drivers of S-ICD implantation among patients with ICM, as well as the clinical performance of S-ICD vs. TV-ICD among this subset of patients during a long-term follow-up.

Materials and methods

All ICM patients with both S-ICD and TV-ICD implanted and followed at Monaldi Hospital from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2024, were evaluated; among them, only ICD recipients with no pacing indication were included. We collected clinical and anamnestic characteristics, as well as ICD inappropriate therapies, ICD-related complications and infections.

Results

A total of 243 ICM patients (mean age 63.0 ± 11.0, male 86.0%) implanted with TV-ICD (n: 129, 53.1%) and S-ICD (n: 114, 46.9%) followed at our center for a median follow-up of 66.9 [39.4–96.4] months were included in the study. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed no significant difference in the risk of inappropriate ICD therapies (log-rank p = 0.137) or ICD-related complications (log-rank p = 0.055) between S-ICD and TV-ICD groups. TV-ICD patients showed a significantly higher risk of ICD-related infections compared to those in the S-ICD group (log-rank p = 0.048). At multivariate logistic regression analysis, the only independent predictors of S-ICD implantation were female sex [OR: 52.62; p < 0.001] and primary prevention [OR: 17.60; p < 0.001].

Conclusions

Among patients with ICM not in need of pacing or resynchronization (CRT), the decision to implant an S-ICD was primarily influenced by female gender and primary prevention indications. No significant differences in inappropriate ICD therapies and complications were found; in contrast, the S-ICD group showed a numerically reduced risk of ICD-related infections.
The impact of estrogen on periodontal tissue integrity and inflammation—a mini review
Authors: Palanisamy Sucharitha
Published: February 2025

Estrogen is said to be a crucial player in different aspects of periodontal health and disease, influencing a spectrum of cellular and molecular processes within periodontal tissues. Its receptors, ERα and ERβ, are expressed in various periodontal cells, suggesting direct responsiveness to hormonal fluctuations. Mechanistically, estrogen regulates osteoblast and osteoclast activity, thereby affecting bone turnover and maintenance of alveolar bone density. Studies indicate that estrogen upregulates the periodontal ligament stem cells' osteogenic differentiation (PDLSCs), promoting collagen synthesis and matrix mineralization critical for periodontal tissue integrity. Moreover, estrogen's anti-inflammatory properties modulate cytokine expression and immune responses in the periodontium, potentially attenuating periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction. Conversely, estrogen deficiency, such as in postmenopausal women, correlates with increased susceptibility to periodontal diseases characterized by greater clinical attachment loss and alveolar bone resorption. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen has shown promise in clinical settings, demonstrating beneficial effects on periodontal health by reducing inflammation and maintaining alveolar bone density. However, the adequacy and assurance of long-term estrogen supplementation in periodontal management require further investigation due to its systemic effects on other tissues and organs. Understanding the intricate interactions between estrogen and periodontal tissues is crucial for developing targeted therapies that leverage hormonal pathways to enhance periodontal health and mitigate disease progression effectively.
Implications of groundwater level changes before near field earthquakes and its influencing factors - several earthquakes in the vicinity of the Longmenshan-Anninghe fault as an example
Authors: Zhang Wenxu , Li Mingqian , Yang Yao , Rui Xuelian , Lu Minggui , Lan Shuangshuang
Published: February 2025

Characteristics of groundwater level changes may be correlated with subsequent earthquake events. However, the relationship and its determining factors remain unclear. This study examines eight wells situated near the Longmenshan-Anninghe fault zone, which exhibit significant disparities in changes of groundwater level. We quantified these changes by Molchan diagram and investigated factors that may affect it using correlation assessments. The results indicate groundwater levels changes that are more responsive to static stresses and tidal forces also have a high correlation with subsequent earthquake events. Specific leakage, a hydraulic parameter, also effects the correlation between groundwater levels and subsequent earthquakes. Spatial distribution of epicenters may also contribute to differences in this correlation, while aquifer confinement appears to have minimal effect. We used a random forest regression to calculate the comprehensive contribution of these factors to the correlation between groundwater levels and subsequent earthquakes. Notably, epicenter locations showcase the utmost sensitivity to this correlation. These findings can help us understand the complex mechanisms of water level changes before earthquakes and provide insights into the optimal locations for monitoring boreholes.
Social partnerships among academia, industry, and government in education: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Sadykova Aigul , Berikkhanova Aiman , Atabekova Baktygul , Sholpankulova Gulnar , Abdykhalykova Zhazira
Published: February 2025

This paper employed a bibliometric analysis technique to explore the literature on social partnership in education, aiming to uncover historical trends, research focus areas, influential publications, and contributors. Adopting a retrospective observational design, this study examined 1,208 journal articles in the Lens database from 1983 to 2023 related to education-practice partnerships. The research on the topic showed limited activity until late years, with a surge in publications. Key areas of interest included government involvement, healthcare-related partnerships, and collaborative approaches. Research methodologies such as qualitative research and empirical approaches were evident. Top-cited publications demonstrated enduring impact, while institutions and countries represented the multidimensional nature and global relevance of this field. The outcomes of this bibliometric analysis suggest that community-institutional partnerships, cooperative behavior, interprofessional relations, and government are the most important aspects of social partnerships embracing education entities. The results also imply that qualitative research is a valuable approach for investigating academic-practice collaborations. The findings of this study can inform policymakers about the need to consider strategies that promote interdisciplinary collaboration and address the evolving healthcare landscape.
Shared diagnostic biomarkers and underlying mechanisms between endometriosis and recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Li Hui , Zhu Chenxu , Gu Yingjie , Wei Xiaojiao , Wang Xiaowen , Yang Xiaojun , Zhang Hong
Published: February 2025

Background

Endometriosis (EMs) is a common condition that causes dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility, affecting millions of women worldwide. Despite the use of assisted reproductive technology, EMs patients often experience lower embryo implantation rates and recurrent implantation failure (RIF) due to impaired uterine endometrial receptivity. This study aims to identify shared diagnostic genes and underlying mechanisms between EMs and RIF using integrated transcriptomic analysis and machine learning with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets.

Methods

We analyzed GSE11691, GSE7305, GSE111974, and GSE103465 as training datasets for EMs and RIF, and GSE25628 and GSE92324 as validation datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified key genes specific to and shared by EMs and RIF. Machine learning algorithms were used to determine the shared diagnostic gene, whose performance was validated in both training and validation datasets. Single-gene Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed shared biological processes in EMs and RIF, while CIBERSORT analysis highlighted similarities and differences in immune infiltration between the two conditions. Finally, endometrial samples from healthy controls, EMs, and RIF patients were collected, and qRT-PCR was performed to validate the diagnostic gene.

Results

We identified 48 shared key genes between EMs and RIF. The diagnostic gene EHF was selected through machine learning algorithms, and its diagnostic performance was validated in both training and validation datasets. ROC curve analysis demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy of EHF for both diseases. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that both conditions shared biological processes, including dysregulated extracellular matrix remodeling and abnormal immune infiltration. Furthermore, we validated the expression of EHF in endometrial samples from healthy controls, EMs, and RIF patients. Additionally, we characterized the immune microenvironment in EMs and RIF, highlighting changes in immune cell components associated with EHF.

Discussion

The diagnostic gene EHF identified in this study may serve as a key link between EMs and RIF. The shared pathological processes in both conditions involve alterations in the extracellular matrix and subsequent changes in the immune microenvironment. These findings provide novel insights into potential therapeutic strategies for improving infertility treatment in patients with EMs.
Bayesian optimisation algorithm based optimised deep bidirectional long short term memory for global horizontal irradiance prediction in long-term horizon
Authors: Madhiarasan Manoharan
Published: February 2025

With the continued development and progress of industrialisation, modernisation, and smart cities, global energy demand continues to increase. Photovoltaic systems are used to control CO2 emissions and manage global energy demand. Photovoltaic (PV) system public utility, effective planning, control, and operation compels accurate Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) prediction. This paper is ardent about designing a novel hybrid GHI prediction method: Bayesian Optimisation algorithm-based Optimized Deep Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (BOA-D-BiLSTM). This work attempts to fine-tune the Deep Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory hyperparameters employing Bayesian optimisation. Globally ranked fifth in solar photovoltaic deployment, the INDIA Two Region Solar Irradiance Dataset from the NOAA-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration was used to assess the proposed BOA-D-BiLSTM approach for the long-term prediction horizon. The superior prediction performance of the proposed BOA-D-BiLSTM is highlighted with the help of experimental results and comparative analysis with grid search and random search. Furthermore, the forecasting effectiveness is compared with other models, namely, the Persistence Model, ARIMA, BPN, RNN, SVR, Boosted Tree, LSTM, and BiLSTM. Compared to other forecasting models according to the resulting evaluation error metrics, the suggested BOA-D-BiLSTM model has minor evaluation error metrics, namely, Root Mean Squared Error: 0.0026 and 0.0030, Mean Absolute Error:0.0016 and 0.0018, Mean-Squared Error: 6.6852 × 10−06 and 8.8628 × 10−06 and R-squared: 0.9994 and 0.9988 on both dataset 1 and 2 respectively. The proposed BOA-D-BiLSTM model outperforms other baseline models. Thus, the proposed BOA-D-BiLSTM is a viable and novel potential forecasting model for effective distributed generation planning and control.
Measles vaccination in lung transplant candidates
Authors: Kostinov Мikhail P. , Polishchuk Valentina B. , Ryzhov Аleksey А. , Zhuravlev Pavel I. , Karchevskaya Natalia A. , Tarabrin Evgeniy A. , Solovieva Irina L. , Cherdantsev Alexander P. , Khrapunova Izabella A. , Foshina Elena P.
Published: February 2025

Background

The incidence of measles is now increasing. Measles is especially dangerous for high-risk individuals, including lung transplant candidates with severe progressive bronchopulmonary disorders.

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate how vaccine-induced immunity is developed in lung transplant candidates seronegative for measles. In order to study vaccine-induced measles immunity, the study subjects were divided in two groups. The main group consisted of 22 patients (11 males and 11 females) with severe bronchopulmonary disorders, aged 19 to 58. The control group was made up of healthcare providers who were matched with respect to age and gender to the patients in the main group. All study subjects were given a single dose of measles vaccine. Levels of anti-measles IgG antibodies (Ab) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the VectoMeasles-IgG kit (Russia).

Results

One month after vaccination, both study groups showed a statistically significant increase in anti-measles IgG Ab compared to baseline levels. In the main group, vaccine-induced Ab levels were significantly lower than in the control group (0.41 [0.098; 1.75] IU/mL vs. 1.94 [0.96; 3.3] IU/mL; р<0.0001). The rates of seroconversion were 73% and 100% in the main and control groups, respectively. The majority of non-responders (83%) in the main group had restrictive pulmonary disease. One year after vaccination, anti-measles Ab were detected in 36% (5/14) of the patients in the main group.

Conclusion

Administration of a single dose of measles vaccine to seronegative lung transplant candidates with severe progressive bronchopulmonary disorders was safe and resulted in protective levels of antibodies in 73% of patients. One year after vaccination, anti-measles Ab were detected in 36% of the patients, which suggested that a single dose failed to induce a robust immune response in this patient population.
Lactate in skin homeostasis: metabolism, skin barrier, and immunomodulation
Authors: Ruan Dandan , Hu Tingting , Yang Xuefan , Mo Xiaohui , Ju Qiang
Published: February 2025

Lactate, once considered merely a byproduct of glycolysis, is now increasingly recognized as a multifunctional signaling molecule with roles beyond energy metabolism. It functions as an enzyme cofactor and binds to specific receptors to modulate cellular functions. In the skin, lactate is produced by various cell types. It is then transferred between cells or to the extracellular space, helping to balance cellular pH and to provide signals that regulate skin barrier and skin immunity. Additionally, lactate/lactate-related genes hold promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of skin tumors, inflammatory skin diseases, hair loss, and in cosmetic dermatology. This article highlights the latest advances in our understanding of lactate’s biological effects on the skin and explores its therapeutic potential, offering insights into future research directions.
Cytokine profiles and CD4 counts in HIV-positive individuals with cysticercosis: implications for sex-specific immune responses in co-endemic regions of Tanzania
Authors: Lema Yakobo Leonard , Prodjinotho Ulrich Fabien , Makasi Charles , Nanyaro Mary-Winnie A. , Kilale Andrew Martin , Godfrey Mfinanga Sayoki , Schmidt Veronika , Carabin Hélène , Winkler Andrea Sylvia , Lyamuya Eligius F. , Ngowi Bernard James , Prazeres da Costa Clarissa
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The interplay between HIV and Taenia solium cysticercosis in co-endemic regions remains poorly understood, particularly regarding the immune responses but is relevant for an effective treatment strategy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between peripheral cytokine profiles, CD4+ T-cell counts, and cysticercosis infection status in HIV-positive individuals in Tanzania’s southern highlands.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 110 HIV-positive individuals. Cysticercosis was diagnosed using antibody and antigen tests, with neurocysticercosis confirmed by CT imaging. CD4 counts and serum cytokine levels (pro- and anti-inflammatory) were analyzed using multivariate regression and MANOVA, including sex-stratified analyses.

Results

Among participants, 20.9% tested positive for cysticercosis antibodies, 43.6% for antigens and 20.2% presented with brain cysts, with 10.6% showing active neurocysticercosis. Cysticercosis-positive individuals showed positive correlations between CD4 counts and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β), contrasting with negative correlations in cysticercosis-negative individuals. Sex-stratified analysis showed stronger regulatory cytokine responses in males compared to females, particularly involving higher levels of IL-10 and IL-4 indicating sex-specific immune modulation in co-infected individuals. However, overall cytokine profiles were not significantly influenced by CD4 categories or cysticercosis status.

Conclusion

These results contribute to our understanding of immunological interactions in HIV-cysticercosis co-infection and underscore the need for further research with larger sample sizes to elucidate the clinical implications of these findings. Such studies could inform the development of more effective, sex-personalized treatment strategies for HIV patients in cysticercosis-endemic regions.