bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum immunoglobulins in colorectal cancer
Authors: Slater Gary , Papatestas Angelos E. , Shafir Michail , Aufses Arthur H.
Published: February 2007

Preoperative serum immunoglobulins were measured in 102 patients with colorectal carcinoma. There were no differences in the mean values of IgA, IgM or IgG between stages. There was an association, however, between advanced stage of disease and a combination of low levels of IgA (≤200 mg/dl) or high levels of IgM (≥125 mg/dl). The ratio of IgA/IgM was also found to be lower in advanced disease. It was felt that low levels of IgA and high IgM may represent an altered immune response and thus be a prognostic indicator.
Cloacogenic carcinoma of the anus
Authors: Slutzki S. , Reif R. , Bogokowsky H.
Published: February 2007

A case is presented of transitional‐cell cloacogenic carcinoma – a rare variant of anal canal malignancy that occurred in a 58‐year‐old woman. The characteristics of this tumor are discussed, and her prognosis after abdominoperineal resection and posterior colpectomy seems good.
Effect of triiodothyronine and reserpine on induction and growth of mammary tumors in rats by 3‐methylcholanthrene
Authors: Gerard Serge St. , Gardner Bernard , Patti Joseph , Husain Vafarul , Shouten Jeffrey , Alfonso Antonio E.
Published: February 2007

This study was designed to investigate the effects of exogenous L‐triiodothyronine (LT3) and reserpine administration on the induction and stimulation of 3‐methylcholanthrene (3‐MC) mammary tumors. Two hundred‐fifty‐eight 30‐day‐old virgin 100 gm Sprague Dawley rats were divided into eight groups. Groups I–IV received either reserpine, LT3, both, or saline 22 days after tumor induction with 3‐MC. Groups V–VIII were pretreated with either reserpine, LT3, or both for 29 days prior to tumor induction, and treatment was continued after tumor induction in all except Group VII. All rats were observed for tumor growth and sacrificed at seven months. Reserpine administration resulted in a protective effect against tumor induction in all groups in which it was used, with the most striking effects observed in the pretreated groups. Early LT3 stimulation of tumor formation was reversed by simultaneous administration of reserpine. Prolonged administration was unnecessary when both agents were administered prior to 3‐methylcholanthrene.
Serological evaluation of human brain tumors using a microradioisotopic staphylococcal protein a assay
Authors: Cohen Alfred M. , Wood William C.
Published: February 2007

A microradioisotopic staphylococcal protein A assay was applied to the serological evaluation of preoperative sera from brain tumor patients. The assay was performed in Terasaki plates, and a stainless steel punch and multiholed die facilitated sample prearation. Using allogeneic astrocytoma target cells, 15/19 of the brain tumor patients' sera were reactive, compared to 1/21 controls. 0/7 nonmalignant brain disease patients' sera were positve, and 5/20 sera from patients with epithelial malignancies. The brain tumor sera were not reactive against a rectal cancer cell line.
Intestinal fistula following pelvic exenterative surgery: Predisposing causes and treatment
Authors: Devereux Dennis F. , Sears Henry F. , Ketcham Alfred S.
Published: February 2007

An intestinal fistula is a life‐threatening complication when associated with the treatment of pelvic cancer. Such fistulae arise in 10% of patients treated by the combination of aggressive surgery and radiation therapy. Nineteen such occurrences developing in 245 patients who had pelvic exenterations are used to demonstrate the need for directing immediate attention toward correcting the physiologic and metabolic abnormalities created by the fistulae. Local control of the fistulae is facilitated by techniques for identifying its cause and precise location.
Biological markers in breast carcinoma—clinical correlations with pseudouridine, n2,N2‐dimethylguanosine, and 1‐methylinosine
Authors: Tormey Douglass C. , Waalkes T. Phillip , Gehrke Charles W.
Published: February 2007

Urinary levels of the minor nucleosides, pseudouridine (Ψ), N2, N2‐dimethylguanosine (m22G), and 1‐methylinosine (m1I), were investigated in patients with breast carcinoma. Elevated levels of Ψ were observed in 27/131 (20.6%) patients with metastatic disease, 1/14 (7.1%) preoperative patients, and 1/28 (3.6%) postoperative N+ patients. Elevated levels of m22G and M1I were observed, respectively, in 46/131 (35.1%) and 27/131 (20.6%) patients with metastatic disease, 3/14 (21.4%), and 0/14 preoperative patients, and 6/28 (21.4%) and 2/28 (7.1%) postoperative N+ patients. There was no correlation between nucleoside levels and involvement of specific organ sites with metastatic disease, nor with chemotherapy response rate or time to treatment failure. During the treatment of metastatic disease there was a tendency for elevated pretherapy Ψ levels to decrease with attainment of a response and, if the levels subsequently rose, to be associated with treatment failure. However, increasing levels of m22G and m1I occurred with both response and disease progression. These results suggest that routine measurement of the level of the urinary nucleosides would be of limited value for following the disease course in patients with breast cancer.
Value of serial CEA determinations in a surgical adjuvant trial of colorectal and gastric carcinoma
Authors: N‐ Lim Christopher H. , McPherson T. Alexander , McClelland Allan R. , McCoy Linda , Koch Maria
Published: February 2007

At the Cross Cancer Institute in Edmonton, a concurrently controlled, randomized, prospective surgical adjuvant trial involving Dukes' B2 and C colorectal carcinoma and gastric carcinoma (T1‐4, N0‐2, M0) has been activated for the last two years. To date, a total of 150 patients have been entered into the three arms of the trial (namely control, immunotherapy, and chemo‐immunotherapy). Of these, 127 cases are colorectal carcinoma and 28 are gastric cancer. As part of the protocol, serial CEA determinations are obtained in all patients on a regular three‐monthly basis.

So far, 28 patients have confirmed recurrence (colorectal 20, gastric 8) demonstrated clinically or radiologically. Out of these 28 patients, 25 (89.2%) had CEA > 2.5 ng/ml months before actual demonstration of recurrence. However, if one uses a cutoff of 5.0 ng/ml as significant, that is, one standard deviation from the usual accepted value, then 21 out of 28 (75%) had persistent, elevated CEA's months before the recurrence manifested itself clinically or radiologically.

The CEA profiles of three representative cases from each arm of the adjuvant trial are included. It is suggested that serial CEA determinations will be an invaluable adjunctive test in following patients in an adjuvant trial setting.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the human breast
Authors: Makek Miroslav , Von Hochstetter Arthur R.
Published: February 2007

Pleomorphic adenomas of the human breast are histologically identical to those of salivary glands. To date, the literature reports but 15 such benign tumors, all of which occurred in women. The present paper describes clinical and pathologic findings in three further cases, including one man. Considered together, unnecessary mastectomy occurred in 44.4%, indicating the importance of separating this benign entity from malignancies with stromal metaplasia. In case of examination by frozen section, a peripheral portion, if not the entire tumor, should be submitted to the pathologist.
Radiation‐associated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Razack Mohamed S. , Sako Kumao , Shimaoka Katsutaro , Getaz E. Paul , Rao Uma , Parthasarathy K. L.
Published: February 2007

Since February, 1977, 735 patients having a history of receiving radiation therapy for benign conditions of the head and neck areas during infancy and childhood were examined in a thyroid screening program, and 159 patients were found to have palpable thyroid nodules. These patients had thyroid function tests and indirect laryngoscopy and were followed closely on suppression therapy consisting of either Cytomel or thyroid extract. Thyroidectomy was advised in those in whom the nodules persisted or increased in size. This study documents the incidence of carcinoma and other benign pathological changes and postoperative complications in this group of patients.

So far, 49 patients had either a lobectomy with isthmusectomy or a total thyroidectomy. Eleven patients were found to have carcinoma (six had papillary, four had mixed papillary and follicular, and one had follicular carcinoma). Three patients had a therapeutic modified neck dissection following the documentation of microscopic involvement of paratracheal lymph nodes. A high incidence of chronic nonspecific thyroiditis, postradiation fibrosis, and follicular adenomas were also found in these patients.

Three patients had temporary hypocalcemia (two weeks) and none had wound infection, hematoma, or postoperative nerve palsy. Of patients who had surgical resection, 22.4% showed thyroid carcinoma.
Metastatic carcinoma in axillary lymph nodes without pathologic evidence of a primary mammary lesion: A case report
Authors: Honoré Louis H.
Published: February 2007

A 56‐year‐old nullipara presented with a mass in the right axilla. Pathologically, two enlarged lymph nodes were found to contain metastatic adenocarcinoma consistent with a primary from the breast. Clinically, no breast mass was palpable, and xeromammography showed diffuse ductal hyperplasia and a small focus suggestive of malignancy. Modified radical mastectomy was done, and no tumor was found pathologically in the excised breast. The patient received local radiotherapy and is alive and well one year postoperatively. Attention is drawn to this rare occurrence, and patient management is briefly discussed.
Renal carcinoma — unusual presentation and angiographic findings
Authors: Shenoy Sadashiv S. , Satchidanand Sateesh , Culver Gordon J. , Malin Barry T.
Published: February 2007

A case of papillary renal cell carcinoma with clinical and angiographic features of an abscess is reported. Papillary renal carcinomas constitute 14% of renal adenocarcinomas. These tumors have slower growth rate and better prognosis.
Retroperitoneal sarcoma treated by surgery
Authors: Bengmark Stig , Hafström Larsolof , Jönsson Per‐Ebbe , Karp Wilhelm , Nordgren Hans
Published: February 2007

A retrospective analysis of extensive surgery with resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma and total or partial resection of adjacent organs in 15 patients is presented. Dominating symptoms were a palpable mass (80%). The tumor was felt in all patients. In 9 of 10 patients, ultrasonography showed a solid tumor with retroperitoneal location. In 14 patients (93%) the tumor was removed, in 11 of them adjacent organs also. Five of the patients were subjected to more than one operation because of tumor recurrence. Two patients died postoperatively. Six patients are alive without tumor recurrence; and three, with recurrence 18 to 62 months after the first operation. Four patients died 5–24 months after primary operation. In seven patients (50%), the tumor recurred locally. Surgery for recurrent tumor was beneficial.

Complete surgical removal provides the most effective therapeutic approach. Routine second‐look operation within a year after primary surgery may be a way to improve the results. Adjuvant cytostatic therapy could be considered.
Specific and aspecific immune responsiveness in lung cancer patients: Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions to a lung cancer‐associated antigen
Authors: Sega Ercole , Mottolese Marcella , Cordiali‐Fei Paola , Citro Gennaro , Colizza Sergio , Alcione Annamaria , Paola Manolo Di
Published: February 2007

The ability of a lung cancer‐associated antigen (LCAA) to provoke specific cutaneous delayed‐hypersensitivity reactions has been studied on a group of 59 lung cancer patients. Biological activity of LCAA, monitored by skin testing, was demonstrated in 32% (17 of 53) of lung cancer patients, in 48.0% with limited disease, and in 17.2% with extensive disease.

All the responders were in the group of normal reactors to standard recall antigens, if three antigens were used (PPDSK‐SD, candida). No correlation was found between biological activity of LCAA and level of immunocompetence evaluated by lymphocyte‐blastic transformation with PHA and count of rosette E‐forming cells.

These studies on the capacity to evoke specific DTH reactions in lung‐cancer patients will be extended to the use of assays in vitro in the perspective of a more significant evaluation of immunocompetence levels.
Verrucous carcinoma of the foot
Authors: Schwartz Robert Allen , Burgess Gordon H.
Published: February 2007

A 50‐year‐old man presented with verrucous carcinoma on the sole of the foot. This unusual tumor, also called an epithelioma cuniculatum plantare, was successfully treated employing wide surgical excision.
An animal model system for the immunotherapy of lung carcinoma using sensitized lymphocytes: A preliminary study
Authors: Marabella Patrick C. , Takada Mitsuru , Takita Hiroshi
Published: February 2007

An animal model system was established for immunotherapy of lung cancer using line‐1 lung carcinoma in Balb/cR mice and xenogeneic lymphocytes from New Zealand white (N2W) rabbits. The immunization schedule consisted of footpad and subcutaneous injections of 1 × 108 viable line‐1 cells into two rabbits, twice at a weekly interval. Two other rabbits were maintained as source of unsensitized lymphocytes. All rabbits were bled on day 14 at which time 45 mice were divided into three groups of 15 for both transplantation of 1 × 104 viable line‐1 cell (subcutaneously) and treatment with 1) control saline, 2) 2.5 × 106 unsensitized lymphocytes, and 3) 2.5 × 106 sensitized lymphocytes. These treatments were repeated twice at weekly intervals. Results were evaluated four weeks after transplant and initial treatment. Tumor developed in 13/15 control mice, 15/15 treated with unsensitized lymphocytes, and 7/15 with sensitized‐lymphocyte injection. The mean tumor weight for group 1 (control mice) was 1.38 ± 0.22 gm (SEM), group 2 was 2.09 ± 0.25 gm, and 0.56 ± 0.28 gm for group 3. There was a statistically significant difference between control and group 3 for both tumor appearance (P = 0.014) and tumor weight (P = 0.026).
Ultrastructural study of myoepithelial cells in breast carcinoma
Authors: Ghosh Luna
Published: February 2007

This investigation was designed to study the myoepithelum of the human mammary carcinoma. Tissues were obtained from 30 infiltrating ductal carcinomas. Under light microscope, there were no significant changes noted in the myoepithelium. Glutaraldehyde‐fixed tissues were examined under electron microscope. In infiltrating carcinoma the myoepithelial cells contained increased endoplasmic reticulum, abundant microfilaments, secretory granules and intracytoplasmic duct formation. This observation suggests that myoepithelium takes an important and active role in the infiltrating stage of the human mammary carcinoma.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the proximal bile duct — A case report
Authors: Aranha Gerard V. , Reyes Cesar V. , Greenlee H. B. , Field Timothy , Brosnan Joseph
Published: February 2007

A 56‐year‐old white male with abdominal pain, vomiting, and jaundice was found on exploration to have squamous cell carcinoma of the hepatic ducts with metastasis to the liver. He was treated with palliative procedure consisting of dilation of tumor and placement of T‐tube past the lesion. After recovering from surgery, patient was begun on radiation therapy to the liver and hilum, but his postoperative course was of progressive liver failure. This first necessitated cessation of radiation therapy and finally ended with the death of the patient three months after diagnosis.
The relationship of dietary selenium and breast cancer
Authors: McConnell Kenneth P. , Jager Rama M. , Bland Kirby I. , Blotcky A. J.
Published: February 2007

An inverse relationship exists between dietary selenium (Se) concentration and the incidence of human breast cancer. The addition of Se to the diet has been shown to decrease the incidence of spontaneous murine mammary tumors. We compared the serum Se concentrations in breast cancer patients with those of women without breast cancer. Serum was collected from 35 women with breast cancer. Nineteen of these women had infiltrating ductal carcinoma and two had Paget disease of the nipple. Nine women had lymph nodal metastases at the time of mastectomy, four had definite evidence of metastatic disease when the blood samples were drawn, and the disease process of one patient was unclassified. Samples from 27 women known to be free of breast cancer were used as controls. The difference noted between the mean serum Se concentrations of breast cancer patients and controls were found to be significant.
Simultaneous combination radiotherapy and multidrug chemotherapy for stage III and stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Smith Bert L. , Franz Jerry L. , Mira Joaquin G. , Gates George A. , Sapp J. , Cruz A. B.
Published: February 2007

Combined simultaneous radiotherapy and multidrug chemotherapy have been utilized in an attempt to eradicate or shrink tumors of the head and neck area in advanced stages to allow subsequent surgical extirpation. Thirty‐six patients (1 stage II; 11 stage III; 24 stage IV; 1 unknown primary) were treated with simultaneous radiotherapy and fractionalized doses of bleomycin, adriamycin, and 5‐fluorouracil. Thirty of 36 patients completed the treatment schedule. Twenty‐nine of 30 (97%) had a 75% or greater response to treatment; 20/30 (66%) had 100% response; 9/30 (30%) had 75% response; and 1/30 had 50% response. Of the 30 patients completing the regimen, 19/30 (63%) are alive three to 27 months later, and 12 (40%) of these have no evidence of disease. Six patients died within four months of initiation of therapy, mostly from complications of their disease. This treatment regimen appears effective in the control of locoregional disease or to produce enough shrinkage of tumor to allow subsequent surgical extirpation.
Inhibitory effects of Candida albicans extracellular polysaccharides on mouse sarcoma 180
Authors: Saltarelli Cora G. , Paveljack Coppola C.
Published: February 2007

Extracellular glycoprotein produced by Candida albicans in chemically defined medium was used to treat solid Sarcoma 180 tumor cells implanted subcutaneously in Swiss female mice.

Neither toxicity nor skin ulcerations surrounding the tumors was observed. Significant tumor inhibition was obtained using different methods to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Comparison of tumor weights after a single treatment (400 mg/kg, ip) on various days after transplantation indicated significant inhibition with a 10–80% regression rate. Multiple doses (800–2,000 mg/kg, ip) regressed 60–90% of all tumors. Subsequent dosage experiments showed an increased percentage of survivors for all treated groups and a significant decrease in tumor size. Studies of the glycoprotein material indicated that it was immunologically active.
Neurovascular flap repair of the foot for sarcoma
Authors: Kovachev D. , Turnbull A. , Chaglassian T.
Published: February 2007

Wide excision of soft tissues of the foot for sarcoma invariably creates a large defect requiring closure in a way that will withstand the trauma of bearing weight. Neurovascular flap reconstruction provides a thick, well‐vascularized cover with good sensation, functional durability, and brief immobilization.
Malignant melanoma of the lower extremity: Evaluation of 453 patients
Authors: Ariel Irving M.
Published: February 2007

Four hundred fifty‐three patients are evaluated regarding 10‐year survival rates. Females comprise 66%, and males the remainder (34%). The absolute 10‐year survival rate was 55.2% post therapy. Females had a remarkably better survival (64%) than the males (42%). Age did not affect the prognosis. Staging was most important in that 167 patients with Stage I had a 10‐year survival of 66%, which dropped for the 263 patients in Stage II (24%), and of the 23 patients classified as Stage III, only one (4%) survived 10 years. Of the 202 patients in clinical Stage I, 102 were subjected to an elective groin dissection which revealed occult metastases to lymph nodes in 35, whose 10‐year survival rate was 49%. In 100 patients, no elective groin dissection was performed, and 41 of these developed metastases to inguinal nodes at a later date. The 10‐year survival for that group was 32% — somewhat lower than the 49%. An elective groin dissection is indicated for invasive melanomas. An eleven percent mortality between the fifth and tenth year after therapy indicates that 10‐year survival rates should be recorded for melanomas.
Malignant carcinoid syndrome: Two case reports
Authors: Spann Joe L. , Van Wormer Dale , Sandlin Michael E.
Published: February 2007

The malignant carcinoid syndrome (MCS) is a rare complication of malignant carcinoid neoplasms, fewer than 200 cases having been reported since its description by Thorson in 1954. Its signs and symptoms vary with the site of the primary neoplasm, and MCS is now recognized as one member of the large family of endocrine tumors ‐ APUDOMAS).

Although MCS remains uniformly fatal, significant palliation can be provided some patients with current surgical and chemotherapeutic management. All signs and symptoms in MCS, except evidence of the destruction of the tricuspid and pulmonic valves, can be reproduced experimentally. The factor causing this lethal complication has not been identified.

Two previously unreported cases of MCS, each from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, are presented. This brings the world's total reported cases to approximately 210.
Relationship of chemotherapy on human cancer xenografts in nude mice to clinical response in donor patient
Authors: Fujita Masahide , Hayata Satoshi , Taguchi Tetsuo
Published: February 2007

Responsiveness of experimental chemotherapy on human cancer xenografts in nude mice was directly compared with clinical response to the same chemotherapy in their donor patients. These xenografts were 1 line of rectal cancer (H‐26), two lines of gastric cancer (H‐08 and H‐22), and 1 line of breast cancer (H‐62). Experimental chemotherapies studied were single‐drug FT‐207 to four lines of xenografts and a combination of mitomycin C, 5‐FU, and cytosine arabinoside (MFC) to a line of gastric cancer H‐08. Single‐drug treatment with FT‐207 to H‐26 resulted in remarkable retardation of the tumor growth. The comparative treatment with FT‐207 suppository to the donor patient of H‐26 showed appreciable response. All the other chemotherapies to three other lines (H‐08, H‐22, and H‐62) induced no significant response, which was parallel to the corresponding clinical response in each donor patient. The sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs was thought to be still preserved in human cancer xenografts in nude mice.
Fine‐needle‐aspiration cytodiagnosis of recurrent malignant melanoma
Authors: Hafström Larsolof , Hugander Anders , Jönsson Per‐ebbe , Lindberg Lars‐Göran
Published: February 2007

Sixty‐four patients with melanoma (28 with clinical stage I disease and 36 with clinical stages II through IV disease) were fine‐needle biopsied on suspicion of recurrent melanoma. Eighty‐four biopsies were aspirated percutaneously and three at exploratory laparotomy. A tumor mass was present at 81 biopsies. The remaining biopsies were taken with theguidance of liver scan or fluoroscopy. In the patients with the diagnosis of recurrent malignant melanoma the cytodiagnosis was correct in 45 patients out of 47. One patient was diagnosed as breast cancer and one as malignant mesenchymal tumor. Of 40 biopsies considered normal, three were revised to be melanoma. No false‐positive diagnosis was found. The frequency of false‐negative diagnosis was 6%. Fine‐needle‐aspiration cytology is a suitable method t o establish a correct diagnosis when there is a suspicion of recurrent disease during the follow‐up of melanoma patients. The high diagnostic accuracy in patients with enlarged lymph nodes is excellent and makes the method preferable to diagnostic surgical excision biopsies.
Malignant thymoma with extrathoracic metastasis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Jose Baby , Yu Dmrt Anthony T. , Morgan Thomas F. , Glicksman Arvin S.
Published: February 2007

A case of invasive thymoma with metastasis to liver and brain is presented. The incidence, sites of involvement, and the different histological types of metastatic lesions are discussed. Review of the literature shows that the important prognostic factors are the infiltrative nature, the extent of the tumor at the primary site, and associated syndromes like myasthenia gravis and red cell hypoplasia. Patients with noninvasive thymoma have excellent survival by surgery, compared to a reported low (23%) five‐year survival with invasive type. The average time of survival after the appearance of metastasis is about one and one‐half years.
Dental management of head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Carl William
Published: February 2007

In the management of head and neck cancer, dentistry has an important supportive role. Many anatomical and functional changes caused by surgery for the removal of intraoral tumors can be corrected or improved upon by prosthetic dentistry. The control of dental pathology contributes to the immediate and long‐term success of tumor treatment and facilitates rehabilitation.

Radiotherapy and loss of teeth do not go hand in hand. Many oral complications associated with radiotherapy can now be avoided or controlled with early preventive and restorative measures.

Patients receiving systemic chemotherapy often develop oral complications that require particular attention by the primary physician and the dentist. Control of dental pathology is important in patients receiving chemotherapy because of reduced immune mechanism and increased bleeding tendencies.
Cytochemical localization of lipid, peroxidase, and carbohydrate substances in the dunning prostatic adenocarcinoma R3327H: An ultrastructural analysis
Authors: Arcadi John A.
Published: February 2007

The ultrastructural organization of the cells of the transplantable prostatic adenocarcinoma of the rat, R3327H, has been studied on a cytochemical level. The techniques used were those to localize lipids, peroxidase, and carbohydrate‐like substances.

This study has clearly shown that there are, in the tumor cells and not in normal prostatic epithelial cells, both lipid compartments with an intense peroxidase membrane. Within the lipid “droplet” we find it to be compartmentalized by conconavalan A‐positive material. These observations suggest that this tumor cell may be a “degenerating” or old cell. It may well be that this cancer is a disease of dying cells ‐ the degrading consequence of cell growth.
Characterization of in vivo suppression of syngenic tumor by allogenic effector cells
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H. , Sugarbaker Stephen P. , Pun Pattle P.
Published: February 2007

The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of allogenic splenocytes transferred with tumor cells, subcutaneously, to a host syngenic for tumor cells. Cytotoxic effector cells usually resulted in tumors less than half the size of controls at E:T of 10:1. Primary immune splenocytes were more effective than hyperimmune splenocytes in delaying tumor growth. Actively cytotoxic splenocytes by in vitro 51Cr release assay were required for delayed tumor growth; memory cell populations were not effective. Delayed tumor growth correlated with in vitro cytotoxicity of primary immune splenocytes; however, hyperimmune splenocytes, even though they possessed greater in vitro cytotoxic responses, showed lesser tumor suppression in vivo. T cells were necessary for tumor suppresion, as treatment of B6AF1 effector cells with anti‐Thy 1.2 serum abrogated suppression; T cell enrichement by nylon‐wool treatment of effector cells increased tumor suppression. Delay in tumor growth was an in vivo phenomenon, for anti‐Thy 1.2 serum in AKR hosts abrogated the effect of Thy 1.2 effector cells.
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Vadivel Sakthi P. , Bosch Antonio , Jose Baby
Published: February 2007

Seven cases of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were seen in the Division of Radiation Oncology of the Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals from 1961 to 1977. The method of treatments and the end results are discussed. The clinical manifestations and the biological nature of this tumor are analyzed in detail, along with treatment recommendations.
Hepatic catalase in rats bearing walker tumor in the brain
Authors: Gershbein Leon L.
Published: February 2007

Rats were injected with 105 cells of Walker carcinosarcoma 256 in ascites form into discrete areas of the brain (RAS, midbrain‐hypothalamus, and anterior and posterior cortex), and at necropsy on the sixth day postoperation the animals were sacrificed, the brains were examined for tumors, and liver homogenates were analyzed for catalase content. The latter was significantly depressed in the tumor‐bearing animals as compared to the corresponding saline‐injected controls. The findings are of interest considering that the tumors were relatively small; however, they occupied significant areas of the entire brain. Although small or moderate body weight losses were encountered, the inhibitory effect was not due to inanition, a known depressant. Liver catalase was little altered in rats with solid tumors in the various brain areas originating from fragments measuring 1 mm3 and harvested from donors with intramuscular Walker tumor, as was also the case with tumor‐free rats submitted to hypothalamic lesioning. Brain catalase levels were not affected by any of the treatments.
Chemotherapy against human melanoma in the hamster cheek pouch
Authors: Dufour Frank D. , Okada Geoffrey T. , Mah Stuart G. , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

Human malignant melanoma was transplanted to the cheek pouch of immuno‐suppressed (corticosteroid‐treated) hamsters. Significant differences were observed in tumor growth constants for animals treated with methotrexate, DTIC, BCNU, and vincristine (P < 0.05) compared to controls. However, no appreciable effect was demonstrated for Adriamycin, 5‐FU, and cytoxan. In addition, single doses as high as 400 mg/kg body weight of methotrexate were no more effective than other agents now used against this neoplasm.
Simultaneous bilateral neck dissection
Authors: Razack Mohamed S. , Sako Kumao , Baffi Raul , Patel Jashbhaik
Published: February 2007

The presence of bilateral cervical nodal metastases secondary to intraoral, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma was once thought to make the condition inoperable and “incurable”. It was also stated that the mortality from bilateral neck dissection would most likely exceed the number of patients cured by this procedure. We have a number of patients who had and tolerated it well, with a few surviving even for three and five years. We wish to report the morbidity, mortality and cure rate with simultaneous bilateral neck dissection in patients who had this procedure.

From January 1960 to December 1975, 61 simultaneous bilateral neck dissections were performed as a part of oral, laryngeal or hypopharyngeal resections. Fifty‐three patients had a classical bilateral radical neck dissection while in six patients one of the internal jugular veins and in two patients both of these veins were preserved. Six out of 61 (9%) patients had received radiation therapy previously. Nodal clearance was done in all the patients. Six out of 61 (8%) patients died within one month, three of whom never regained consciousness and died within 48 hours of the procedure. Sixty‐three percent (39/55) of patients developed immediate postoperative facial swelling and wound infection. Thirty‐six percent (22/55) had orocutaneous fistulae; of these, 11% (7/55) had carotid artery blowouts. Sixteen percent (10/55) of patients had significant pulmonary complication. The percentage of patients who were free of disease at 6 months, 1 year, 1 1/2 years, 3 years, and 5 years following the procedure was 54% (26/48), 37% (18/48), 29% (14/48), 20% (10/48) and 12.5% (6/48), respectively.

It appears from the present study that although bilateral neck dissection has a high postoperative morbidity and mortality rate, it can effectively control the disease in a significant number of patients with a 20% three‐year and 12.5% five‐year cure rate.
Treatment with steroids of a giant cell granuloma of the maxilla
Authors: Body Jean‐Jacques , Jortay Albert M. , De Jager Robert , Ardichvili Daniel
Published: February 2007

This case report of giant cell granuloma involving the maxilla is of particular interest for two reasons: the locally aggressive clinical course contrasting with the diagnosis of a benign disease and the spectacular, although transient, response under steroid treatment. Corticotherapy should be further tested in cases of invasive or recurring giant cell granuloma.
Enzymatic and ultrastructural study of lysosomes in rats bearing radiation‐induced thyroid follicular carcinoma
Authors: Starling James R. , Clifton Kelly H. , Norback Diane H.
Published: February 2007

Radiation‐induced well‐differentiated and poorly differentiated follicular thyroid cancers were transplanted into the intrascapular fat pads of male Fisher 144 rats. The tumors grew in the recipient rats and after a time interval were removed and studied along with normal rat thyroids for lysosomal activity and ultrastructural characteristics. Plasma from experimental and control rats was also studied for lysosomal activity. Rats with radiation‐induced thyroid carcinoma had a decrease in growth rate compared with normal rats. There was no significant increase in plasma lysosomal enzymes in the experimental rats. Well‐differentiated thyroid carcinomatous tissue showed increased total activities of lysosomal enzymes as well as a difference in subcellular distribution compared with normal and poorly differentiated carcinomatous tissue. Electron microscopy of normal and carcinomatous tissue demonstrated the greatest number of lysosomes in the well‐differentiated carcinoma and the fewest in the poorly differentiated carcinoma.
Fatal pulmonary tumor embolization following peritoneovenous shunting for malignant ascites
Authors: Smith Robert R. L. , Sternberg Stephen S. , Paglia Michael A. , Golbey Robert B.
Published: February 2007

A 44‐year‐old white male with pseudomyxoma peritonei and intractable malignant ascites is described. This patient underwent three peritoneovenous shunt procedures utilizing first the LeVeen shunt and finally the Denver shunt in a surgical attempt at palliative decompression of his malignant ascites. The peritoneovenous shunts resulted in massive tumor embolization to the pulmonary vasculature, clinically asymptomatic disseminated intravascular coagulation, and partial thrombosis of the superior vena cava. The pulmonary tumor embolization was manifest clinically as moderate pulmonary hypertension with increased pulmonary vascular resistance and persistent hypoxia.
Arterial embolus as a complication of staging laparotomy
Authors: Kaiser C. William
Published: February 2007

Staging laparotomy is widely utilized in the management of selected patients with Hodgkin disease. The local trauma produced by extensive en bloc periaortic node removal for detection of subdiaphragmatic disease may predispose the patient to arterial thromboembolic events. This procedure seems undesirable and unnecessary especially in patients known to have lymphocyte‐depleted and mixed‐cellularity‐type disease or in those found to have splenic involvement by intraoperative sectioning. These patients will often have microscopic tumor in their random needle and wedge liver biopsies taken at surgery; extensive periaortic tissue sampling is therefore unnecessary. A further concern is that such patients are likely to receive postoperative steroid chemotherapy, which has been associated with a hypercoagulative state.
Tissue isoantigens A, B, and H in carcinoma of the cervix uteri: Their clinical significance
Authors: Gupta Saroj , Gupta Y. N. , Singh Indra Jeet , Sanyal B. , Khanna Shail , Rani Abha
Published: February 2007

A specific red cell adhesion test was done in 243 patients with carcinoma of the cervix uteri and showed the presence of isoantigens in only 27.16% of the patients with infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma. There was a gradual loss of isoantigens during the development of carcinoma. The test can be usefully employed in studying the evolution of the disease. The negativity of the test was found to increase as clinical severity of the disease increases. Also, the highest percentage (57.57%) of retained isoantigen was found in large‐cell nonkeratinizing carcinoma, a well‐differentiated type for the cervix. Follow‐up studies suggest that the loss of antigen indicates probable metastasis and a poor prognosis.
Male breast cancer
Authors: Gupta Saroj , Pant Girish C. , Gupta Saroj
Published: February 2007

This study comprises 27 cases of male breast cancer treated at the University Hospital from 1966 through 1978. Its incidence was 0.53% of all cancer in males and 3.2% of all mammary cancers. Mean age was 52 years old. Lump in the breast was the commonest presenting feature in all patients followed by skin ulceration in 44.4% of cases. The average duration of symptoms was 16 months. Twenty‐five patients had infiltrating duct carcinoma and two had papillary carcinoma. Two cases were in stage I, 10 in stage II, 11 in stage III, and 4 in stage IV. Of the 12 patients in stages I and II who underwent radical mastectomy, the axillary lymph nodes were pathologically negative in stage I and positive in stage II. The nodes were clinically involved in stages III and IV. Simple mastectomy followed by radiotherapy were used in stage III cancer and all patients in stage IV cancer had only biopsy and palliative chemotherapy. Bilateral orchidectomy followed by estrogen gave only marginal benefit in terms of survival and objective regression. Only four patients, two each in stages I and II, are alive and well for more than five years. These include two cases of papillary carcinoma. Poor prognosis in this series was exclusively determined by axillary lymph node involvement, although other factors such as shorter span of symptoms, younger age group, higher incidence of skin involvement, and invasive nature of carcinoma also appear to be significant.
Rubidium‐86 uptake by red blood cells of breast cancer patients
Authors: Telfer Nancy , Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. , Merrill Quenious , Bauer Franz K.
Published: February 2007

The red blood cell (RBC) uptake of rubidium‐86 (Rb‐86), a sensitive in vitro test of RBC membrane transport, was measured in 22 controls, 8 patients with benign breast lesions, and 30 stage I/II, 13 stage III/IV untreated breast cancers. Total Rb‐86 transport was measured. Following ouabain block, passive transport was determined, allowing calculation of active Rb‐86 uptake by difference.

There was a significant decrease in total and passive uptake by RBCs from patients with breast cancer when compared to controls and those with benign lesions (total uptake 58.6 ± 6.1% versus 63.6 ± 3.9%, P < 0.01; passive uptake 38.7 ± 6.8% versus 42.7 ± 4.6%, P < 0.02). The Rb‐86 uptake returned towards normal in successfully treated stages‐II‐to‐IV patients. There were no correlations with the patient's age, hematocrit, or incubation hematocrit with RBC Rb‐86 uptakes. Results from incubation in Krebs‐Ringer solution were not consistent with a plasma blocking factor. The RBC potassium content was slightly increased in the cancer patients. This, along with decreased passive transport, eliminates the nonspecific malfunction of the Na‐K‐pump as an explanation, and suggests that the decreased uptake is a cancer‐related phenomenon.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: A retrospective evaluation of 24 patients
Authors: Tewfik H. H. , Tewfik F. A. , Latourette H. B.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐four patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma are being analyzed: 54.2% occurred in the sixth, seventh, and eighth decades of life; 45.8% were located in the extremities. This is a soft tissue sarcoma noted for its pleomorphic histologic appearance. It is postulated that the origin cell is a histiocyte. The local recurrence or metastatic potential of this tumor is difficult to predict from its histological features. Local recurrence after complete excision is frequent. Also, there is a high incidence of distant metastases. Wide local excision with a wide margin around the tumor is the most important treatment modality. The use of postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy needs to be evaluated.
Urinary immunoglobulin A in the diagnosis of bladder cancer
Authors: Betkerur V. , Baumgartner G. , Talluri K. , Sharifi R. , Nagubadi S. , Guinan P.
Published: February 2007

Urinary immunoglobulin A levels were measured in the urine of 13 patients with histologically diagnosed bladder cancer present, six patients with culture proven urinary tract infection, and 14 control individuals. There were statistically significantly higher immunoglobulin A levels in the urine of patients with bladder cancer than in either individuals with urinary tract infection or control individuals. Urinary immunoglobulin A may be a potentially useful test for the diagnosis and follow‐up of bladder cancer patients.
Solitary lung nodule due to dirofilaria immitis (dog “heartworm”)
Authors: Darrow John C. , Lack Ernest E.
Published: February 2007

The filarial parasite Dirofilaria immitis (dog “heartworm”) is the cause of a progressive zoonosis among canine species in the United States; it is rarely transmitted to man, in whom it can present as a solitary lung nodule. There are currently no reliable clinical or radiologic features to distinguish it from other solitary necrotizing granulomas, and thoracotomy is currently the only means of establishing the diagnosis. D. immitis can be identified and properly classified by routine light microscopy despite being immature and partially necrotic. Canine Dirofilariasis may well assume even greater medical importance because of its expanding geographic range and the concomitant increase in the number of cases observed among humans.
Surgery of hyperparathyroidism: A conservative approach
Authors: Wang Chiu‐An
Published: February 2007

The extent of surgery in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism should be based on the pathologic entity of the disease. In neoplasia (either the common adenoma or the rare carcinoma), excision of the diseases parathyroid will generally suffice to cure the disease, but in primary hyperplasia, the removal of all the diseased glands except for a small amount of glandular tissue is required. The pathologic diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism can usually be made by a macroscopic assessment of the parathyroid. It is further delineated by the density test and confirmed by Sudan fat‐frozen section examination.
Diagnostic studies of thyroid cancer
Authors: Rosen Irving B.
Published: February 2007

Patient with goiter usually has benign disease. While investigation is important, clinical factors weigh heavily in the diagnosis of cancer. Aside from serum calcitonin and CEA, biochemical findings are of little help. Radioisotope scanning is of fundamental importance and has an implication in histology. Ultrasonography has a diminishing role although its use has led to the widespread acceptance of needle aspiration. Needle aspiration cytology is now the most important maneuver in preoperative assessment and management of the goiter patient. Its results permit refined operative selection, the institution of safe conservative management, and greater organization in surgical treatment. Persistent cooperation between clinician and pathologist can yield a high rate of reliable preoperative cytological diagnosis obtained by needle aspiration.
Subtotal parathyroidectomy: Normalization of circulating parathormone
Authors: Paloyan Edward , Lawrence A. M. , Oslapas Raymond , Ernst Kazuko , Ahearn Mary Beth , Bellar Barbara
Published: February 2007

Subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 52 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The postoperative results, 6–24 months following the operation, were evaluated according to a calcium‐parathormone normogram. In 48 patients the values returned to the normal zone. Two patients had persistent hypercalcemia. The other two patients remained in the hyperparathyroid zone of the normogram, with moderate elevations of serum parathormone, in spite of normocalcemia. The significance of the failure to achieve normal circulating parathormone levels in patients with postoperative eucalcemia is discussed. The importance of serum parathormone and calcium relationship in the evaluation of patients following parathyroidectomy is emphasized.
Gastrostomy and oesophagoplasty with a flap from the greater curvature of the stomach as stages of surgical and combined treatment of cancer of the thoracic oesophagus
Authors: Pirogov A. , Mamontov A. , Ryndin V.
Published: February 2007

Four‐hundred fifty‐eight patients with cancer of the oesophagus were subjected to revisional laparotomy. Metastases into subphrenic lymph nodes were registered in 24% of the cases with a tumor in the bronchial segment; 42% with tumor in the subbronchial segment; 48% with tumor in the retropericardial segment; 71% with tumors in the sub‐, intra‐, and supraphrenic segments of the oesophagus. In 345 cases, laparotomy was followed by tube gastrostomy (Beck—Carrel method) with two operative deaths. Fifty‐six patients in good condition with a small tumor in the middle part of the oesophagus (≤5 cm) without any abdominal metastases were subjected to primary oesophagoplasty: a 30–32‐cm tube was formed out of the greater curvature of the stomach and placed retrosternally; gastrostomy was performed on the level of the thyroid cartilage (without any operative deaths). In two weeks, extirpation of the thoracic part of the oesophagus (with preoperative irradiation) was performed on patients with no abdominal metastases. Then the patients with primary oesophagoplasty were subjected to oesophago‐gastrostomy of the neck. From six to 12 months following the combined treatment, the gastrostomy tube of 45 patients was lengthened to 30–32 cm and used for retrosternal oesophagoplasty (six operative deaths). Oesophagoplasty was performed on 14 patients during the extirpation of the oesophagus (six operative deaths).
Association of insulinoma with subcutaneous nodular fat necrosis
Authors: Schwartz Robert Allen , Fleishman Jay S.
Published: February 2007

A 57‐year‐old man first noted tender subcutaneous nodules on his extremities and abdomen. Six months later symptoms of insulin hypersecretion became evident and hyperinsulinemia was documented. An exploratory laparotomy revealed an islet cell tumor measuring 12 cm in diameter extending anteriorly from head of the pancreas with metastases in the liver. Evidence of parathyroid and pituitary hormone hypersecretion suggests that the insulinoma may be part of a multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. Histological examination of the subcutaneous nodules revealed the characteristic histology of nodular fat necrosis. This is the first report of the association of an insulin‐secreting islet cell carcinoma with subcutaneous nodular fat necrosis.
Carcinoma in choledochal cyst
Authors: Gupta Saroj , Kumar Anand , Gupta Sudarshan K. , Gupta Saroj
Published: February 2007

Two cases of choledochal cyst associated with adenocarcinoma are documented. The classical triad of jaundice, abdominal mass, and pain is not distinctive enough to make the preoperative diagnosis of a choledochal cyst and its associated malignancy. Operative cholangiogram is a very important investigation, as by the presence of a filling defect in the cyst it can suggest malignancy. In our cases the diagnosis of malignancy was made at operation, which was confirmed by histopathological examination. Internal drainage procedures in combination with chemotherapy by 5 FU rendered both the cases asymptomatic.