bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suicidal Ideation of Healthcare Workers During COVID-19: An Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Genest Christine , Bergeron Nicolas , Provost-Tremblay Émilie , Dufour Marie-Michèle , Guay Stéphane , Geoffrion Steve
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the psychological health of healthcare workers (HCWs). Cross-sectional studies report suicidal ideation in this population during this period, but no longitudinal study has examined the evolution of these ideas over time.

Objectives: To assess the evolution of suicidal ideation of HCWs during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic among Quebec (Canada) HCWs and to identify the risk factors involved.

Methods: A longitudinal study among Quebec (Canada) HCWs using ecological momentary assessment was conducted between May 8, 2020, and March 31, 2021 (corresponding to the second half of the first wave to the end of the second). Participants (n=865) answered weekly questions related to anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), suicidal ideation (PHQ-9 Q.9), exposure to COVID-19, exposure to COVID-19-related deaths, their infection status and that of their co-workers and loved ones, as well as the amount of time they spent consuming news related to COVID-19.

Results: Proportion of suicidal ideation increased from May to June 2020 (second half of the first wave) peaking at 18% before declining up to March 2021. Anxiety and depression symptoms severity increased those ideations as well as having a colleague confirmed positive to COVID-19. Social support does not appear to be a protective factor for suicidal ideation. Suicidal thoughts are associated with media consumption and appear to be mediated by the presence of clinical distress expressed as depressive or anxiety states.

Discussion and conclusion: Media consumption in a pandemic context is associated with anxiety and depression, the more severe states of which may express suicidal ideation. Without inferring causality relationship, it seems advisable for HCWs to limit their media exposure during a disaster such as a pandemic.
Espacio, identidad y violencia en 'Sueños de frontera'
Authors: Parra Sánchez Diego Ernesto
Published: December 2022

Sueños de frontera irrumpe tras su publicación en el año 1991 como una rara avis dentro del proyecto literario de la saga policíaca dedicada al detective Belascoarán Shayne. Ambientada principalmente en Ciudad de México, y con la denuncia político-social anti priísta como intención predominante, Taibo II traslada en esta ocasión la narración a la frontera norte de México con el propósito de proyectar una incisiva reflexión sobre problemáticas cuestiones que van más allá de lo literario o lo artístico. Además de dar a conocer esta novela en el ámbito de los estudios culturales sobre México y su frontera, este artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre su capacidad para el retrato crítico dentro de la narrativa neopolicial latinoamericana. En este sentido, se centrará en dos temas nucleares del relato: por un lado, el abordaje de cuestiones como el espacio y la identidad fronteriza en la novela; por otro, la aproximación contextualizada al complejo problema del binomio frontera/violencia, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a los orígenes y las consecuencias sociales detrás del Estado Narco que se asienta en esta parte del país y con una mirada a la explotación humana que subyace detrás de las migraciones que este régimen criminal propicia.
Tren con destino “al otro lado”: representación de la migración y las violencias fronterizas en 'El viaje de los cantores'
Authors: Shlykova Yanchina Tamara
Published: December 2022

En el presente artículo se va a analizar El viaje de los cantores (1989), obra teatral de Hugo Salcedo. Nuestro objetivo es abordar aspectos de carácter interdisciplinar, partiendo de un estudio sociocultural e histórico hasta llegar a ver las técnicas utilizadas para la plasmación de diferentes problemáticas propias de la frontera entre México y Estados Unidos en la obra seleccionada. Para ello, se someterá a examen el propio contenido del texto y su estructura. También, para poder sacar conclusiones sobre la intención del autor y la función del mensaje que este pretende transmitir a su público y a sus lectores, tendremos que estudiar la situación de desplazados que sufren los personajes. Además, para que este artículo presente realmente un comentario holístico de El viaje de los cantores, es imposible prescindir de la propuesta del dramaturgo Mauricio Pimentel, quien añadió en 2013 una escena más, titulada Años, lustros, después…. Aquí las mujeres toman el relevo, siendo esta vez ellas las protagonistas. Con este gesto, Pimentel continua con el legado de Salcedo, agregando otro conflicto que cada vez está tomando más terreno en el campo artístico.
De guerras civiles y otros zombis. Un análisis comparativo de dos casos en la narrativa hispana
Authors: Calzón García José Antonio
Published: December 2022

El artículo realiza un estudio comparativo entre dos novelas contemporáneas cuya acción transcurre en el contexto de la guerra civil española, pero desde una relectura Z: Noche de difuntos del 38, de Manuel Martín, y 1936Z. La Guerra Civil zombi, de Javier Cosnava. Para ello, previamente se analiza el valor simbólico de la figura del zombi en la narrativa actual, incidiendo en su polivalencia semántica, particularmente a propósito de su operatividad como metáfora de las sociedades en crisis. De igual modo, se estudian las conexiones entre guerra, poder y universo Z, a fin de valorar el peso específico de la biopolítica en cuanto herramienta del poder con la que controlar —a través del valor de la vida y de la muerte— al sujeto en cuanto miembro anónimo de una colectividad. Por último, las conclusiones permiten comprobar que, si bien las dos novelas coinciden en realizar una despiadada crítica de la instrumentalización de los soldados —convertidos en auténticos monstruos— en contextos bélicos, las estrategias narrativas o la caracterización del zombi difieren de un texto al otro, en función de aspectos como la humanización de este, su origen o su pertenencia a uno u otro de los bandos en conflicto, por ejemplo.
La fábula invertida: ficciones de la carne en la narrativa breve española contemporánea
Authors: Pallardó Azorín Betlem
Published: December 2022

La tendencia en la literatura contemporánea a la figuración de las problemáticas animales se enmarca en una sensibilidad creciente de la sociedad hacia la alteridad no humana. Poniendo el foco en la temática de la industria cárnica, este artículo se propone investigar cómo la narrativa breve española contemporánea se sirve del mecanismo de animalización del ser humano para efectuar un desplazamiento del binomio ontológico animal-humano al binomio biopolítico bíos-zoé, en términos de Agamben. La figura del ser humano considerado vida fisiológica destinada al consumo, paradójicamente, restaura al animal ausente en la cultura de la carne. Así, este tipo de ficciones —fábulas invertidas— tratan al animal en sí mismo y no como medio para acceder a lo humano. Se recoge, en primer lugar, un corpus de quince relatos publicados desde el año 2014 que problematizan la cultura de la carne a través de la animalización del ser humano. En segundo lugar, se analizan dos ejemplos representativos de tales relatos: “El Pastor”, de Cristina Jurado, y “La granja”, de Izaskun Gracia. Se estudia además, desde una perspectiva de género, la vinculación entre violencia patriarcal y violencia especista planteada en las ficciones literarias.
La frontera entre México y Estados Unidos: violencias e imaginación cultural
Authors: Andrade Martínez Enrique
Published: December 2022

Presentación del dossier
TAMn: UN SISTEMA DE NOTACIÓN PARA LA TIPOLOGÍA DE LA CONJUGACIÓN VOSEANTE
Authors: Vázquez Larruscaín Miguel
Published: December 2022

RESUMEN. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un sistema de notación para hacer referencia a cualquiera de las variantes de la conjugación voseante en cuanto a la combinación de formas tuteantes y voseantes en los diferentes tiempos verbales. Una gran ventaja de este sistema es no solo la referencia inequívoca a las diferentes variantes de interés sino la transparencia con el sistema de análisis subyacente a la variación. El análisis está basado en la idea de que las interdependencias entre las desinencias en el interior de la conjugación son una propiedad de los grupos a los que pertenece cada uno de los tiempos verbales. Los grupos se constituyen en función del número TAMn, o número de rasgos marcados de tiempo-aspecto-modo. Cada uno de los grupos así constituidos da pie a un prototipo de conjugación voseante. Cada prototipo tiene una instancia central y dos subtipos, uno reducido y otro expansivo. El resultado es una notación minimalista, transparente y efectiva.
VARIACIÓN GENÉRICA DE LOS VERBOS DE ACTITUD PROPOSICIONAL CON FUNCIÓN ATENUANTE EN ASERCIONES DEL ESPAÑOL CHILENO
Authors: Espinoza Valentina , Guerrero Silvana
Published: December 2022

Desde un enfoque pragmalingüístico, en esta investigación se describe la variación genérica de los verbos de actitud proposicional con función atenuante en actos de habla asertivos presentes en dos géneros discursivos: la conversación coloquial y la entrevista sociolingüística. Específicamente, se estudian los verbos de actitud proposicional en secuencias discursivas de conversaciones coloquiales del corpus AMERESCO, y narraciones de experiencia personal y argumentaciones del corpus PRESEEA de Santiago de Chile. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo de las dimensiones estructurales, enunciativas, situacionales y pragmático-discursivas de un total de 33 casos extraídos de los materiales en estudio. Con base en el análisis de los datos, se sugiere que, en el caso de la atenuación mediante verbos de actitud proposicional, hay variación genérica. Además, se concluye que factores como la tipología textual y el tipo de acto asertivo son determinantes al momento de orientar el uso atenuante de los verbos ya sea hacia la expresión de un juicio de manera débil o hacia el encubrimiento de la seguridad que se tiene frente a una aserción.
EL REGUETÓN COMO ARGOT EN LA CLASE ESPAÑOL COMO LENGUA EXTRANJERA: UNA HIPÓTESIS DE TRABAJO
Authors: Sánchez-Morillas Carmen María , García Fernández María
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo se centra en el estudio del argot como fenómeno de interés en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera. En este sentido, el artículo intenta dar respuesta a los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Cuáles son los argots más estudiados dentro de la enseñanza del español como segunda lengua o lengua extranjera? ¿Qué recursos didácticos son más apropiados para llevar a cabo la enseñanza del argot en el aula de español? Con el objetivo de exponer los niveles adecuados para la adquisición del argot e incluirlos en el currículo de enseñanza-aprendizaje de dicha lengua. Finalmente, el estudio muestra herramientas y estrategias para el estudio del reguetón como un argot de grupo, de tipo marginal, junto a otras tendencias existentes en nuestra lengua, tales como el parlache o el argot en el español aplicado.
Çok Aşamalı Yer Seçim Modelleriyle Satış Mağazası Yerinin Belirlenmesi: Konya Örneği
Authors: ÇAYIR ERVURAL Beyza
Published: December 2022

İşletmeler için tedarik zinciri ve lojistik ağ mekanizmasının etkin ve dinamik biçimde tasarlanması en önemli faaliyet kriterlerinden biridir. Bu kapsamda kurulacak tesis yerinin doğru biçimde seçilmesi hızlı, kolay ve düşük maliyetli ulaşım imkânı sağlaması açısından kritik bir optimizasyon modeli olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çünkü talep ve/veya nüfusun yoğun olduğu bölgelerde açılacak tesis sayısı ve tesis kapsamının daha büyük olması beklenirken düşük talepli merkezlerde ise kurulacak tesis sayısının daha az olması beklenmektedir. Ayrıca, hizmet alacak bölgeler ve kurulacak tesis yerleri arasındaki mesafenin de küçüklenmesi gerekmektedir.

Bu çalışmada, bir gıda işletmesine ait doğrudan satış mağazası yerlerinin optimum biçimde belirlenebilmesi için yer seçim modelleriyle-küme kapsama modeli, en büyük kapsama modeli ve p medyan modelleriyle- araştırma yapılmıştır. Öncelikle kurulacak en az sayıdaki tesisin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ardından mesafe bazlı kapsanacak sahalar belirlenmektedir. Daha sonra belirli sayıdaki tesislerin talep ağırlıklı en küçük mesafe amacına göre konumları belirlenmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar birbiriyle karşılaştırılarak en uygun modelin hangisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca senaryo analizleri ile ortaya çıkabilecek farklı durumlar için geliştirilen modeller sunulmuştur.
Final Report of an Independent Expert Review as a Form of Supervision over the International Criminal Court's Activities
Authors: Smirnov Viktor Vyacheslavovich
Published: December 2022

This article is devoted to analyzing the "Final Report of the Independent Expert Examination" from the point of view of the issues of supervision of the activities of the International Criminal Court. The subject of this study is an overview of the "Final Report of an Independent Expert Examination" as a form of supervision of the activities of the International Criminal Court (hereinafter the ICC). In the course of the study, the method of system analysis was used, which made it possible to analyze the provisions of the report under consideration in relation to the activities of the ICC. General scientific research methods were also applied: dialectical method, deductive method, and comparative method, in which the general provisions of the report under consideration were analyzed first, and then a comparison with other international organizations was carried out. The author consistently analyzes the problems that the experts highlighted in the report, as well as the recommendations that were given to improve the activities of the international judicial organization. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of recommendations related to the management model of the International Criminal Court, conflict of interest, and improving the reporting system. The paper concludes that the changes proposed by experts are important for the entire international criminal justice system. The scientific novelty of the work is as follows: system proposals that can improve the activities of the ICC, as well as the work of the entire system of international criminal courts and tribunals, are considered and analyzed.
How funding matters: Reinitiating of New Product Development and the moderating effect of extramural R&D
Authors:   Ph.D., Senior Assistant Professor, UTB School of Business, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam, e-mail: safiullah.khan@utb.edu.bn, Ullah Khan Safi
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: We examine whether financial obstacles affect the probability of a firm undertaking previously suspended (or abandoned) innovation projects for new product development (NPD), and whether extramural R&D, as well as the breadth of the types of R&D collaboration (i.e., knowledge sources), moderate the relationship between financing constraints and the probability of restarting previously suspended NPD from selected South Asian economies. METHODOLOGY: This study controls for potential endogeneity in innovation propensity and finance access by employing a recursive bivariate probit model. We also adopt an instrumental variable approach by employing a probit model with continuous endogenous regressor to account for the potential endogeneity between the breadth of collaboration partners and innovation propensity. FINDINGS: Financial obstacles significantly impact previously suspended NPD. Furthermore, extramural R&D positively affects the probability of a firm undertaking NPD projects and attenuates the relationship between financing constraints and the likelihood of restarting abandoned/suspended NPD projects, suggesting that extramural R&D alleviates financing constraints, which increases the likelihood of NPD restarts. However, the breadth of collaborating partners is not positively associated with the probability of a firm restarting NPD. This is consistent with the view that extramural R&D with diverse sets of partners is exposed to the risks of the “two worlds paradox” arising from a firm’s collaboration with universities, research institutions, and consulting firms. IMPLICATIONS: The findings corroborate the view that firms must maintain a balance between their internal knowledge base and extramural R&D to optimize innovation outcomes. Nevertheless, extramural R&D reduces the reliance of financially constrained firms on resource requirements, improves access to financing, and enhances R&D productivity in NPD. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: We provide the first firm-level and multi-country evidence of the importance of financial obstacles in the probability of reinitiating previously suspended NPD at the execution phase. Second, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between inter-organizational R&D collaboration diversity and the probability of a firm reinitiating previously abandoned (or suspended) NPD.
Study on influence of ring hole array metamaterial on performance of pyroelectric terahertz detectors
Authors: Wang Yang-Tao , Jing Wei-Xuan , Han Feng , Meng Qing-Zhi , Lin Qi-Jing , Zhao Li-Bo , Jiang Zhuang-De ,   State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: December 2022

In order to improve the detection performance of 0.1–1THz terahertz wave, a new lithium tantalate pyroelectric terahertz detector based on ring hole array metamaterial is proposed. The quantitative influences of the characteristic parameters such as inner diameter, outer diameter, period and thickness on the transmission bandwidth and transmittance of ring hole array metamaterials are analyzed by simulation. The mechanisms of the influences of different combinations of ring hole array metamaterials and pyroelectric detectors on the detection bandwidth and detection rate of terahertz waves are clarified. The lithium tantalate pyroelectric terahertz detectors of the ring hole array metamaterial ware are fabricated by the MEMS technology. The transmission of the ring hole array metamaterial and the noise equivalent power of the metamaterial detector at different frequencies are tested. The results show that the transmittance of the fabricated ring hole array metamaterial is greater than 40% at 0.25–0.65 THz, and bandpass filtering is realized. When the ring hole array metamaterial and the pyroelectric detector maintain a sufficient distance, the noise equivalent power of the detector at 0.315 THz is 11.29 μW/Hz0.5, which is 6.3% of the 0.1 THz noise equivalent power (outside the bandpass band), so the bandpass detection is achieved. When the ring hole array metamaterial is attached to the detector, the noise equivalent power of the metamaterial detector at 0.315 THz is 4.64 μW/Hz0.5, which is 29.4% that of the detector without the ring hole array metamaterial, so the narrowband detection is achieved. The above conclusions show that the pyroelectric terahertz detector based on the ring hole array metamaterial can realize the bandpass and narrowband detection of specific frequency band in applications such as biological imaging and macromolecular detection.
Physical analysis and numerical simulations of ultra wideband plasma relativistic microwave noise amplifier
Authors: Yang Wen-Yuan , Dong Ye , Sun Hui-Fang , Yang Yu-Lin , Dong Zhi-Wei ,   Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
Published: December 2022

The physical mechanism and output properties of the plasma relativistic microwave noise amplifier (PRNA) are studied numerically by using the all electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) code. Firstly, the dispersion relation between the operating mode and the slow space charge wave of relativistic electron beam without coupling is simulated and analyzed. Simulation results show that both the plasma density np and radial thickness Δrp affect the dispersion characteristics markedly and their increasing can lead the frequency at the beam-wave resonant point to be enhanced. The beam voltage and current also affect the resonant frequency, but the effect is relatively slight. Secondly, variation of the linear growth rate and the bandwidth are then evaluated by using the linear theory. Calculations show that the PRNA has the virtue of wideband output. Its bandwidth can reach a GHz level. By adjusting the plasma parameters np and Δrp, the relativistic electron beam voltage and current, the operating frequency can be tuned over a wide frequency range. Therefore the PRNA also has virtue of fine frequency tunability. Based on the above calculation results, the whole PIC simulations of the PRNA are then carried out to verify the virtues of wideband microwave output and frequency tunability. The basic features of the field distributions of the operating in the evolution process and out coupling process are given. The bunching process and the energy release process of relativistic electron beam are also plotted. Simulations show that with a plasma density of 1.4×1019 /m3, beam voltage and current of 500 kV and 2 kA and applied magnetic field of 2.0 T, 200 MW output microwave with efficiency about 20% can be obtained. The frequency ranges from about 7.0 to 9.0 GHz, the band width reaches 2 GHz. And the output mode is the TEM mode of the coaxial waveguide. Both np and Δrp affect the dispersion relations markedly and the output frequency increases clearly with np and Δrp increasing. The influence of beam voltage and current on the output frequency are both relatively small and the gap distance between the plasma and electron beam has little effect on the output frequency. The research results will provide useful reference for further designing the PRNA.
Generalized Net Model of Coyote Optimization Algorithm
Authors:   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 105, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria, Roeva Olympia ,   Department of Mehatronic Bio/Technological Systems, Institute of Robotics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Zoteva Dafina ,   Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., Sofia 1164, Bulgaria, Vassilev Peter ,   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 105, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
Published: December 2022

In the presented paper, the functioning of the coyote optimization algorithm (COA) is described using the apparatus of generalized nets (GNs). The COA is a population-based metaheuristic for optimization inspired by the Canis latrans species. Based on a Universal GN-model of population-based metaheuristics, а GN-model of COA is constructed by setting different characteristic functions of the GN-tokens. The presented GN-model successfully describes the considered metaheuristic algorithm, conducting basic steps and performing an optimal search.
Stability of a Simple Bioreactor Model with a General Growth Function, Bacterial Feed and Death Rate
Authors:   School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, Stacey Andrew , Shepherd John
Published: December 2022

Biological reactors are employed in industrial applications to break down organic waste. Here we consider the stability of an open loop CSTR, with a general growth rate function, having both a bacterial and substrate feed and a death rate. Reactors with a bacterial feed are important as every reactor after the first in a cascade will have both bacterial and substrate feeds. We show that stability of a critical point is related to the sign of the slope of the growth rate function, when no bacterial feed is present, and to the sign of the slope of a function, being the product of the growth rate function and a function involving the substrate and bacterial feed concentrations, when a bacterial feed is present.
Design and Implementation of a Peristaltic Pump Based on an Air Bubble Sensor
Authors:   Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq, Jameel Huda , Mahmood Mustafa ,   Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq, Yaseen Suhair ,   Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: December 2022

Peristaltic pumps (PPs) are used to pump clean/sterile or exceptionally responsive liquids without tainting them. They are used in haemodialysis and heart-lung machines to circulate blood as a sidestep during medical procedures. The purpose of this research is to design and construct a PP which consists of a three-roller pump, a bubble sensor, a motor drive, a stepper motor, a microcontroller, and a safety unit. The safety unit functions by using the air bubble sensor, which stops the motor in case of bubble insertion. The performance is experimentally tested in terms of average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, which are 99%, 99.55%, and 99.33%, respectively. The evaluation is based on the classification models of true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN), and false negative (FN). The overall accuracy is about 98.9%, which indicates the high efficiency of the constructed mechanism.
A Difference Equation Model of Infectious Disease
Authors:   Warrane College, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia, Shannon Anthony , Dubeau François , Uysal Mine , Özkan Engin
Published: December 2022

In the context of so much uncertainty with coronavirus variants and official mandate based on seemingly exaggerated predictions of gloom from epidemiologists, it is appropriate to consider a revised model of relative simplicity, because there can be dangers in developing models which endeavour to account for too many variables. Predictions and projections from any such models have to be in the context of relevant contingencies. The model presented here is based on relatively simple second order difference equations. The context here is as important as the content in that in many Western counties where the narrative currently seems more important than the truth, and the results of empirical science are valued more as a shield for politicians than a sword for protection of citizens.
Long non-coding RNA Neat1 and paraspeckle components are translational regulators in hypoxia
Authors: Godet Anne-Claire , Roussel Emilie , David Florian , Hantelys Fransky , Morfoisse Florent , Alves Joffrey , Pujol Françoise , Ader Isabelle , Bertrand Edouard , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Froment Carine , Henras Anthony K , Vitali Patrice , Lacazette Eric , Tatin Florence , Garmy-Susini Barbara , Prats Anne-Catherine
Published: December 2022

Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) drive translation initiation during stress. In response to hypoxia, (lymph)angiogenic factors responsible for tissue revascularization in ischemic diseases are induced by the IRES-dependent mechanism. Here, we searched for IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs) active in early hypoxia in mouse cardiomyocytes. Using knock-down and proteomics approaches, we show a link between a stressed-induced nuclear body, the paraspeckle, and IRES-dependent translation. Furthermore, smiFISH experiments demonstrate the recruitment of IRES-containing mRNA into paraspeckle during hypoxia. Our data reveal that the long non-coding RNA Neat1, an essential paraspeckle component, is a key translational regulator, active on IRESs of (lymph)angiogenic and cardioprotective factor mRNAs. In addition, paraspeckle proteins p54nrb and PSPC1 as well as nucleolin and RPS2, two p54nrb-interacting proteins identified by mass spectrometry, are ITAFs for IRES subgroups. Paraspeckle thus appears as a platform to recruit IRES-containing mRNAs and possibly host IRESome assembly. Polysome PCR array shows that Neat1 isoforms regulate IRES-dependent translation and, more widely, translation of mRNAs involved in stress response.
Senataxin and RNase H2 act redundantly to suppress genome instability during class switch recombination
Authors: Zhao Hongchang , Hartono Stella R , de Vera Kirtney Mae Flores , Yu Zheyuan , Satchi Krishni , Zhao Tracy , Sciammas Roger , Sanz Lionel , Chédin Frédéric , Barlow Jacqueline
Published: December 2022

Class switch recombination generates distinct antibody isotypes critical to a robust adaptive immune system, and defects are associated with autoimmune disorders and lymphomagenesis. Transcription is required during class switch recombination to recruit the cytidine deaminase AID—an essential step for the formation of DNA double-strand breaks—and strongly induces the formation of R loops within the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus. However, the impact of R loops on double-strand break formation and repair during class switch recombination remains unclear. Here, we report that cells lacking two enzymes involved in R loop removal—senataxin and RNase H2—exhibit increased R loop formation and genome instability at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus without impacting its transcriptional activity, AID recruitment, or class switch recombination efficiency. Senataxin and RNase H2-deficient cells also exhibit increased insertion mutations at switch junctions, a hallmark of alternative end joining. Importantly, these phenotypes were not observed in cells lacking senataxin or RNase H2B alone. We propose that senataxin acts redundantly with RNase H2 to mediate timely R loop removal, promoting efficient repair while suppressing AID-dependent genome instability and insertional mutagenesis.
A generalizable brain extraction net (BEN) for multimodal MRI data from rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans
Authors: Yu Ziqi , Han Xiaoyang , Xu Wenjing , Zhang Jie , Marr Carsten , Shen Dinggang , Peng Tingying , Zhang Xiao-Yong , Feng Jianfeng
Published: December 2022

Accurate brain tissue extraction on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is crucial for analyzing brain structure and function. While several conventional tools have been optimized to handle human brain data, there have been no generalizable methods to extract brain tissues for multimodal MRI data from rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans. Therefore, developing a flexible and generalizable method for extracting whole brain tissue across species would allow researchers to analyze and compare experiment results more efficiently. Here, we propose a domain-adaptive and semi-supervised deep neural network, named the Brain Extraction Net (BEN), to extract brain tissues across species, MRI modalities, and MR scanners. We have evaluated BEN on 18 independent datasets, including 783 rodent MRI scans, 246 nonhuman primate MRI scans, and 4601 human MRI scans, covering five species, four modalities, and six MR scanners with various magnetic field strengths. Compared to conventional toolboxes, the superiority of BEN is illustrated by its robustness, accuracy, and generalizability. Our proposed method not only provides a generalized solution for extracting brain tissue across species but also significantly improves the accuracy of atlas registration, thereby benefiting the downstream processing tasks. As a novel fully automated deep-learning method, BEN is designed as an open-source software to enable high-throughput processing of neuroimaging data across species in preclinical and clinical applications.
Trends in Self-reported and Biochemically Verified Cocaine and Methamphetamine Use Among Pregnant Individuals in Northern California, 2011-2019
Authors: Young-Wolff Kelly C. , Slama Natalie E. , Sarovar Varada , Terplan Mishka , Ansley Deborah , Adams Sara R. , Alexeeff Stacey E.
Published: December 2022

This cross-sectional study uses data from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California health care system with universal screening via self-report and urine toxicology at prenatal care entrance to examine trends in cocaine and methamphetamine use among pregnant individuals from 2011 to 2019.
Cost-effectiveness of Compression Therapy With Early Endovenous Ablation in Venous Ulceration for a Medicare Population
Authors: Zheng Hanke , Magee Gregory A. , Tan Tze-Woei , Armstrong David G. , Padula William V.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Venous leg ulcers (VLU) are the most common cause of lower extremity ulceration that commonly occur among older individuals and are characterized by a slow healing trajectory and frequent recurrence; in the United States, VLUs affect more than 600 000 people per year with an estimated cost of $3.5 billion. Clinical trial data show that early intervention with endovenous ablation substantially improves the healing rate and reduces recurrence among patients with VLUs, but there is a need to assess the cost-effectiveness of early endovenous ablation in the US context.

Objectives

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early endovenous ablation of superficial venous reflux in patients with VLU from the US Medicare perspective.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This economic evaluation used a Markov model to simulate the disease progression of VLU for patients receiving compression therapy with early vs deferred ablation over 3 years. The simulated cohort included patients with VLU aged 65 years and older who had clinical characteristics similar to those in the randomized Early Venous Reflux Ablation trial in the United Kingdom. Data were analyzed from September 2021 to June 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Direct medical costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and the incremental monetary benefits at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000/QALY. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test uncertainty of model results.

Results

This model used a simulated cohort of patients with VLU aged 65 years and older enrolled in Medicare. Early ablation dominated, with a lower per-patient cost of $12 527 and an increase of 2.011 QALYs, whereas compression therapy with deferred ablation yielded a per-patient cost of $15 208 and 1.985 QALYs gained. At a $100 000/QALY cost-effectiveness threshold, the incremental net monetary benefit was $5226 per patient in favor of early ablation. Probability of healing, followed by the probability of recurrence, was the parameter with greatest impact on model uncertainty. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that early ablation was cost-effective in 59.2% of simulations at the $100 000/QALY threshold.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this economic evaluation of compression therapy with early endovenous ablation, early intervention was dominant, as it was cost saving and generated greater QALYs over 3 years from the US Medicare perspective. Payers should prioritize coverage for early ablation to prevent VLU complications rather than treat a costly outcome that also reduces patient well-being.
Exploring a Stable and Dense 3D Lead Chloride Hybrid with Emission of Self‐Trapped Excitons toward X‐Ray Scintillation
Authors: You Shihai , Zhu Tingting , Wang Yumin , Zhu Zeng‐Kui , Li Zhongyuan , Wu Jianbo , Yu Panpan , Li Lina , Ji Chengmin , Wang Yaxing , Wang Shuao , Luo Junhua
Published: December 2022

The exceptional photophysical properties of 3D organic–inorganic lead halide hybrids (OILHs) endow their significant potential for usage in optoelectronics, which has sparked intense research on novel 3D OILHs and associated applications. However, constructing new 3D OILHs based on large organic cations suffers from tough challenges due to the limitation of the Goldschmidt tolerance factor rule, let alone further explorations of their practical applications. Herein, a brand‐new 3D lead chloride hybrid, (1MPZ)Pb4Cl10·H2O (1, 1MPZ = 1‐methylpiperazine) is reported, featuring a dense 3D lead chloride framework made of the corner‐, edge‐, and face‐shared lead chloride polyhedra. 1 presents a broadband white light emission with a large Stokes shift and a nanosecond photoluminescence lifetime, which originates from radiative recombination of self‐trapped excitons (STEs) induced by the highly distorted structure. Such a reabsorption‐free and fast‐decayed STEs emission coupling with the dense 3D architecture further enables 1 with effective X‐ray scintillation with good sensitivity. Impressively, 1 also shows superior environmental and radiation stability. This study provides a new 3D OILH with appealing luminescence, not only expanding the 3D OILH family but also inspiring the exploitation of their optoelectronic applications.
Engineered Living Oriented Electrospun Fibers Regulate Stem Cell Para‐Secretion and Differentiation to Promote Spinal Cord Repair
Authors: Xu Jingzhi , Xi Kun , Tang Jincheng , Wang Juan , Tang Yunkai , Wu Liang , Xu Yichang , Xu Zonghan , Chen Liang , Cui Wenguo , Gu Yong
Published: December 2022

Living biomaterials directly couple with live cells to synthesize functional molecules and respond to dynamic environments, allowing the design, construction and application of next generation composite materials. Improving the coordination and communication between artificial materials and living cells is essential. In this study, collagen self‐assembly and micro‐sol electrospinning techniques are used to prepare oriented living fiber bundles that can increase the transplantation rate of stem cells in the early stages of inflammation, indirectly enhancing the dynamic regulation of stem cells during inflammation. Additionally, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) contained in the fiber can improve the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into neurons once the inflammatory storm subsides. The living oriented fiber bundles fully simulate the 3D structure of the central nervous system, activate integrin β1, promote the growth and adhesion of stem cells in the acute stage of inflammation, upregulate anti‐inflammatory genes by more than twofold via BMSCs in response to inflammation, and stably release BDNF for up to 4 weeks post‐inflammation storm subsidence. Finally, the BDNF induces the differentiation of BMSCs to neurons by enhancing the expression of neural‐related genes, which enables the recovery of neurological functions in the later stages of spinal cord injury.
Deformed Honeycomb Lattices of InGaAs Nanowires Grown on Silicon‐on‐Insulator for Photonic Crystal Surface‐Emitting Lasers
Authors: Messina Cristian , Gong Yongkang , Abouzaid Oumaima , Ratiu Bogdan‐Petrin , Grieb Tim , Yan Zhao , Rosenauer Andreas , Oh Sang Soon , Li Qiang
Published: December 2022

Photonic crystals can be used to achieve high‐performance surface‐emitting lasers and enable novel photonic topological insulator devices. In this work, a GaAs/InGaAs heterojunction nanowire platform by selective area metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy for such applications is demonstrated. The nanowires are arranged into deformed honeycomb lattices on silicon‐on‐insulator substrate to exploit the quadrupolar photonic band‐edge mode. Core–shell and axial heterostructures are formed with their crystalline properties studied by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Room‐temperature, single mode lasing from both stretched and compressed honeycomb lattices within the telecom‐O band, with lasing threshold as low as 1.25 µJ cm−2 is demonstrated. The potential of using InGaAs nanowire‐based honeycomb lattices for small‐divergence surface‐emitting lasers and topological edge mode lasers is investigated. Finite‐difference time‐domain far field simulations suggest a sub‐10° beam divergence can be achieved thanks to the out‐of‐plane diffraction.
Balancing Charge‐Carrier Transport and Recombination for Perovskite/TOPCon Tandem Solar Cells with Double‐Textured Structures
Authors: Zheng Jingming , Wei He , Ying Zhiqin , Yang Xi , Sheng Jiang , Yang Zhenhai , Zeng Yuheng , Ye Jichun
Published: December 2022

The ongoing success of tunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) solar cells in the photovoltaic community in conjunction with the continuous advancements in the fabrication technologies of perovskite‐based tandem devices make it possible to access highly‐efficient perovskite/TOPCon tandem solar cells (TSCs). However, the development of such tandem solar cells is still in its infancy. One of the main challenges facing these devices is the balance of passivation and contact properties, especially on the textured crystalline silicon substrates. This article focuses on the double‐textured TOPCon structures, and systematically investigates their passivation and contact properties with the purpose of balancing charge‐carrier recombination and transport properties. The experiment results show that passivation and contact properties of the double‐textured TOPCon structures can be well‐regulated by means of rearranging the schedules of annealing processes and radio frequency powers of SiOx deposition. The mechanisms of charge‐carrier transport on the textured structures are closely studied, suggesting that charge carriers prefer to transport via the valleys of pyramids where the SiOx layer is thin or missing. As a result, the proof‐of‐concept perovskite/TOPCon TSCs featuring the double‐textured structures are successfully fabricated with a remarkable efficiency of 28.49%.
Economics of no‐tilling winter cereal pasture for growing beef cattle in Oklahoma
Authors: Panyi Amadeo F. , Biermacher Jon T. , Brorsen B. Wade , Reuter Ryan , Rogers James K.
Published: December 2022

Grazing winter cereal pasture with stocker cattle is a common production practice on water‐limited cropland acres in the southern Great Plains. Soil erosion and loss of soil water holding capacity from interactions with tillage operations, wind, and rainfall are common problems with these systems. Despite the environmental and economic benefits reported for no‐till (NT) techniques, clean‐till (CT) establishment remains a common practice in the region. The objectives were to determine the effects of tillage system (CT and NT) on measures of animal performance and net returns, and to determine the sensitivity of net returns to the prices of glyphosate, labor, and fuel. Data representing average daily gain (ADG), steer grazing days (SGD) (ha−1), and total gain (TG) (ha−1) were obtained from a 4‐year (2010–2013) grazing trial conducted in south‐central Oklahoma. Enterprise budgeting was used to determine average revenues, costs, and net returns for each establishment system. Mixed model regression results indicated that SGD ha−1 was 11.1 greater (p < 0.0001) for CT compared to NT but ADG was 0.025 kg day−1 greater (p < 0.0001) for the NT system. The CT system realized a TG of 6.63 kg ha−1 greater (p < 0.0001) than NT. Conversely, the NT system realized a total cost of US$1067.27 ha−1, which was $105.29 ha−1 lower than the cost of the CT system. On average, the NT system realized a $67.63 ha−1 greater net return than CT. The NT system remained the most profitable even with substantial changes in prices of glyphosate, machinery labor, and fuel.
Influence of ecoregional and lifestyle factors on growth and body composition of Indian children and adolescents aged 9–18 years—A multicenter study
Authors: Vispute Smruti , Mandlik Rubina , Khadilkar Anuradha , Gondhalekar Ketan , Patwardhan Vivek , Khadilkar Vaman
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Ecoregion comprises all the environmental factors such as climate, vegetation, geomorphology, and soil taken together. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess differences in growth and body composition (BC) in 9–18‐year‐old children and adolescents (CA), across six ecoregions of India, (2) evaluate and compare the magnitude of the effect of ecoregional and lifestyle factors (LSF) on growth and BC in urban (U) and rural (R) children and adolescents, and (3) reassess the applicability of Bergmann's Rule and Allen's Rule to humans.

Subjects and Methods

Data on 1845 CA (925 boys; 920 girls) were collected (2016–2017) from urban and rural areas of six ecoregions of India. Anthropometric and BC parameters were measured; Z‐scores were computed. Lifestyle Index score (LIS) based on LSF—(socioeconomic status [SES], diet, physical activity) was computed (categorized as low, medium, high—indicates better LSF). Univariate analysis was performed to estimate effect size.

Results

Significant differences were observed in growth and BC across urban and rural ecoregions. CA with high LIS were taller and heavier than those with low LIS (p < .05). Ecoregion had greater effect on growth (Partial eta square (η2) for R = 0.136 vs. U = 0.057) and BC (η2 for R = 0.094 vs. U = 0.058) of rural CA than urban (p < .01). LSF had more effect on the BC of urban CA (η2 = 0.017) than rural (η2 = 0.002, p < .01).

Conclusion

Disparities among the six ecoregions were not large enough to fully support Bergmann's Rule and Allen's Rule. Ecoregion had greater effect on growth and BC of rural CA than urban, while lifestyle factors had more effect on the BC of urban CA.
Uncombable hair syndrome due to maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 1
Authors: Breet Hanna , Vos Yvonne J. , Dijkhuizen Trijnie , Voorbij‐Vierstra Carlijn L. , Bolling Maria C. , van den Akker Peter C.
Published: December 2022

Uncombable hair syndrome is a hair shaft condition in which the hair is frizzy, light in color (silver to light brown), and cannot be combed flat. Autosomal dominant (with complete or incomplete penetrance), autosomal recessive, and sporadic cases have been reported. In 2016 causative mutations in three genes were identified for uncombable hair syndrome, all with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern: PADI3, TGM3, and TCHH. In many cases, however, there is still no molecular diagnosis. Here, we describe a case of autosomal recessive uncombable hair syndrome resulting from maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 1.
Acute myeloid leukemia associated with CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Shuto Marie , Hirano Naoki , Oguri Saori , Itonaga Tomoyo , Inoue Masanori , Suenobu Souichi , Ihara Kenji
Published: December 2022

CHARGE syndrome is a malformation disorder with diverse phenotypes that shows autosomal dominance with heterozygous variants in the chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding 7 (CHD7) gene. Only a few cases of CHARGE syndrome accompanied by neoplasm during childhood have been reported. We report the case of a girl with CHARGE syndrome who developed acute myelogenous leukemia at 12 years old. She had mild intellectual disability, and hearing loss with inner ear malformation, myopia, astigmatism, laryngotracheal malacia, hypogonadism, and clival hypoplasia, with a history of patent ductus arteriosus. The patient was genetically diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome based on the detection of a novel heterozygous frameshift pathogenic variant in the CHD7 gene. We review the reported pediatric cases of CHARGE syndrome with malignancy and suggest a possible molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis involving pathogenic variants of the CHD7 gene.
Unbound States in an Almost Infinite Deep Potential
Authors: Liu Tong , Xia Xu
Published: December 2022

The behavior of a quantum particle in an almost infinite deep potential is investigated. By means of analytical and numerical methods, it is demonstrated that even if the potential is infinitely deep, the particle's eigenstate can still be unbound, which contradicts the previous belief that an infinite deep potential can only sustain bound states. These findings shed new light on the eigenstate problem of quantum mechanics.