bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
About the Author
Authors: Fu Yongqi
Published: September 2009

Yongqi Fu was born in Lanzhou, P.R. China. He received his B. Eng, M.S(Eng), and Ph.D
from Jilin University, Changchun University of Science and Technology, and the Changchun
Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1988, 1994,
and 1996, respectively. Then he worked at State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences from 1996 to 1998 as a Postdoctoral Fellow. Next, he worked at Precision
Engineering and Nanotechnology (PEN) Center, School of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, and Singapore-MIT Alliance as a
Research Fellow and Senior Research Fellow respectively from Aug. 1998 to Jun. 2007. He is a
leader of FIB group at PEN Center. After that, he worked at State Key Laboratory of Optical
Technology for Microfabrication, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences as professor under “BAIREN Program”. Currently, he works at School of Physical
Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China as professor in nanophotonics and
subwavelength optics. His current research interests include micro/nanofabrication, applications of FIB in
microelectronics/ semiconductors, nano-photonics, biosensing, SPR/LSPR-based immunoassay, MOEMS/NEMS,
micro/nano-optics, photonic crystals, optical measurement/nanometrology, and optical system instrumentation (e.g.
nano-inspection/detection system). He authored and co-authored more than 130 peer reviewed journal papers with
h-index of 13 generated from SCI citation database and 26 invited technical papers for symposiums and conference
proceedings. In addition, he authored and coauthored three books and book chapters with titles of “Subwavelength
Optics: Theory and Technology”, “Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology”, and “Ion beams in Nanoscience
and Technology”, respectively. Most recently, he was invited to be candidate of Associate Editor of Optics Express. He
is referee of 12 journals such as Applied Physics Letters, Journal of Optical Society of America A/B, IEEE Photonic
Technology Letters, and Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B.
Children’s Rights: A Multitude of Conventions and Declarations for a Miserable Situation
Authors: Boutayeb Abdesslam
Published: September 2009

During the last century, several international human rights conventions and political declarations
have been adopted on children’s rights alongside with regular reports released by organizations worldwide.
The child rights were either stressed specifically or implicitly included as rights concerning all human
beings. The spectre of children’s rights is very wide, comprising, but not limited to, early development,
education, health, recreation, physical, mental and spiritual development as well as protection against all
kinds of exploitation, discrimination, cruelty and neglect. It is also constantly stressed that children should
be entitled to these rights, without distinction or discrimination on account of race, colour, sex, language,
religion, political or opinion. More attention is often devoted to children with specific needs like girls,
orphans, disabled and those belonging to minorities or living in countries under war and conflicts.
However, despite this arsenal of declarations and conventions, millions of children are still lacking the
basic rights entitling them to a decent life with sufficient food, education, health facilities, dignity and
other children’s needs.
Unit Values, Productivity, and Trade - Determinants of Spanish Export Strength
Authors: Vollmer Sebastian , Martínez-Zarzoso Inmaculada , Nowak-Lehmann D. Felicitas
Published: September 2009

In this paper we assess the current relevance of different sources of international competitiveness. Relative prices, labor costs, and productivity are evaluated as determinants of a country's international competitiveness at the industry level. Working with detailed data on unit values and with industry data on productivity, we empirically implement a MacDougall-type model for Spanish and French trade to Brazil, China, Japan, and the U.S. The period under study is 1980 to 2001 and we distinguish in our analysis between homogenous, reference-priced, and differentiated goods. Our results indicate that cost competitiveness factors are only valid for explaining trade with developing countries while other factors are of importance for developed economies. Overall price competitiveness is of importance, but for differentiated goods, factors distinct from prices seem to determine export success.
Thinking Outside the Cycle
Authors: Silvia John E. , Iqbal Azhar
Published: September 2009

Sounds that we hear on the radio are the product of music being superimposed on carrier waves. In a similar way, the economic cycles we have seen in recent decades have been carried on the evolution of the information technology (IT). In this paper, we put forth our view that the current financial crisis is driven by a structural change from outside of the financial world. Developments that alter the path of economic growth of the world are deemed to be structural changes. We believe that the IT revolution was a structural change in this sense of altering the path of growth and has been a root cause of the two most recent business cycles. An important factor that is often missed is the causal (cause and effect) relationship between various sectors and fields, which will prove to be important for decision-makers, policy-makers and researchers.
U.K. Inflation and Relative Prices over the 1997 to 2006 Period: How Important was Globalization?
Authors: Hunt Benjamin L.
Published: September 2009

In this paper, the IMF's new Global Economy Model (GEM) is used to estimate the relative importance of a number of factors argued to explain the differences in the trends in core inflation and relative prices in the United Kingdom, the Euro area and the United States. The simulation results indicate that although the direct effect of globalization has had a larger effect in the United Kingdom than in either the United States or the Euro area, it explains only a portion of how the developments and U.K. specific factors played an important role.
On some second order Cesaro difference spaces of non-absolute type
Authors: Et Mikail , Malkowsky Eberhard
Published: September 2009

The second order Cesaro sequence spaces of non-absolute type Xp(?2) for 1 ? p ? ? were defined and studied in [1]. It seems, however, that the characterizations of their ?-duals given there do not hold for 1 < p ? ?. In this paper, we determine the ?-duals (Xp(?2))? for 1 ? p ? ?.
Some sufficient conditions for the comparability of two differential operators
Authors: Al-Momani Raid , Al-Hassan Qassem , Al-Jarrah Ali , Momani Ghanim
Published: September 2009

The comparison of differential operators is a problem of the theory of partial differential operators with constant coefficients. This problem up to now doesn't have a complete solution. It was formulated in the sixties by Lars Hormander in his monograph "The Analysis of Linear Partial Differential Operators". Many facts of the theory of partial differential equations can be formulated by using the concept of pre-order relation over the set of differential operators, however it is too complicated to check the comparability condition of two differential operators. In this paper we get some sufficient conditions for the comparability of two differential operators.
Two ways to compactness
Authors: Djolovic Ivana
Published: September 2009

In this paper we give two different ways of proving the compactness of some linear operators between certain sequence spaces. One of them is based only on the theory of matrix transformations and the other uses the Hausdorf measure of noncompactness.
Visualisation of isometric maps
Authors: Malkowsky Eberhard , Velickovic Vesna
Published: September 2009

We give use our own software for differential geometry and geometry and its extensions [4, 3, 1, 5] and apply it to the visualization and animation of isometries between certain surfaces.
On partial bilateral and improper partial bilateral generating functions involving some special functions
Authors: Sarkar Asit
Published: September 2009

A group-theoretic method of obtaining more general class of generating functions from a given class of improper partial bilateral generating functions involving Hermite. Laguerre and Gegenbauer polynomials are discussed.
On some double almost lacunary sequence spaces defined by Orlicz functions
Authors: Savas Ekrem , Patterson Richard
Published: September 2009

In this paper we introduce a new concept for almost lacunary strong P-convergent with respect to an Orlicz function and examine some properties of the resulting sequence space. We also introduce and study almost lacunary statistical convergence for double sequences and we shall also present some inclusion theorems.
Upper triangular operators with SVEP: Spectral properties
Authors: Duggal B.P.
Published: September 2009

Spectral properties of upper triangular operators T = (Tij)1?i,j?n E B(?n) where ?n = ?ni=1?i and ?i is an infinite dimensional complex Banach space such that Tii - ? has the single-valued extension property, SVEP, for all complex ? are studied.
Minimal structures, generalized topologies, and ascending systems should not be studied without generalized uniformities
Authors: Száz Árpád
Published: September 2009

By using the Pervin relations, we show that all minimal structures generalized topologies, and ascending systems can be naturally derived from generalized uniformities. Therefore, they need not be studied separately.
Some singular values and unitarily invariant norm inequalities concerning generalized inverses
Authors: Maher P.J.
Published: September 2009

We sharpen and extend inequalities concerning generalized inverses previously obtained for the von Neumann-Schatten, and supremum, norms. We sharpen those inequalities to obtain corresponding inequalities for singular values Si(?) for i=1,2?; and we extend those inequalities, for finite rank operators, to inequalities for an arbitrary unitarily invariant norm.
About a class of metrical N-linear connections on the 2-tangent bundle
Authors: Atanasiu Gheorghe , Purcaru Monica
Published: September 2009

In the paper herein we treat some problems concerning the metric structure on the 2-tangent bundle: T2M. We determine the set of all metric semi-symmetric N-linear connections, in the case when the nonlinear connection N is fixed. We prove that the sets: TN of the transformations of N-linear connection having the same nonlinear connections N and msT N of the transformations of metric semi-symmetric N-linear connections, having the same nonlinear connection N, together with the composition of mappings are groups. We obtain some important invariants of the group msT N and we give their properties. We also study the transformation laws of the torsion and curvature d-tensor fields, with respect to the transformations of the groups TN and msT N.
Estimation in real data set by Split-ARCH model
Authors: Stojanovic Vladica , Popovic Biljana
Published: September 2009

Famous models of conditional heteroscedasticity describe various effects of behavior of the financial markets. In this paper, we investigate the related model, called Split-ARCH, in some of its stochastic aspects, as the necessary and sufficient conditions of the strong stationarity and the estimation procedure. The basic asymptotic properties of those estimates are described, too. The most important segment of our work is dedicated to the practical issue of Split-ARCH model in analysis of the dynamics of the real data. We compared the Split-ARCH with standard models of ARCH type and showed that it was better stochastic model for the explanation of the world market prices of some precious metals. .
Infinitesimal deformations of basic tensor in generalized Riemannian space
Authors: Velimirovic Ljubica , Mincic S.M. , Stankovic M.S.
Published: September 2009

At the beginning of the present work the basic facts on generalized Riemannian space (GRn) in the sense of Eisenhart's definition [Eis] and also on infinitesimal deformations of a space are given. We study the Lie derivatives and infinitesimal deformations of basic covariant and contravariant tensor at GRn.
Quasi-nearly subharmonic functions and conformal mappings
Authors: Kojic Vesna
Published: September 2009

If is a conformal mapping and u is a quasi-nearly subharmonic function, then u o ? is quasi-nearly subharmonic. A similar fact for "regularly oscillating" functions holds. .
Visualisation - interpretation understanding: Traveling on the royal road to mathematical abstraction in old boots: Descriptive geometry
Authors: Weiss Gunter
Published: September 2009

Sketching and computer visualization are standard communication media in Technology and Natural Science as well as in Mathematics. Of any visualization we demand easy interpretability by the 'educated' viewer not only can 'read' the meaning of the figure but also gains some understanding of the visualized problem. Such a 'visual communication' needs schooling and training. Descriptive Geometry provides some simple but effective rules and techniques for such a visual communication. Using properties classical geometric mappings, e.g. normal projections or cyclography, can give insight to problems, which sometimes are rather hard to tackle purely by mathematical calculation. Sometimes we receive even an easy proof of the problem, a proof 'by looking at the figure', such that one is encouraged to speak of a 'geometric royal road' to the problem. Some special examples of such problems shall illustrate this statement. Most of the shown examples are not new, but they are not at all very well known! What should be shown is that Descriptive Geometry is much more than just an engineering graphics tool for visualizing 3D-objects. It strongly supports mathematicians, too. To emphasize that Descriptive Geometry is an intellectual tool besides for visualization the figures in this work are freehand drawn sketches instead of perhaps more beautiful computer generated drawings.
Identities for curvature tensors in generalized Finsler space
Authors: Zlatanovic Milan , Mincic Svetislav
Published: September 2009

In the some previous works we have obtained several curvature tensors in the generalized Finsler space GFN (the space with non-symmetric basic tensor and non-symmetric connection in Rund's sence). In this work we study identities for the mentioned tensors (the antisymmetriy with respect of two indices, the cyclic symmetry, the symmetry with respect of pairs of indices).
Visualization in optimization with Mathematica
Authors: Stanimirovic Predrag , Petkovic Marko , Zlatanovic Milan
Published: September 2009

We show how the computer algebra system in MATHEMATICA and its graphical capabilities can be used in optimization. A package for teaching the graphical solution of two-dimensional and three-dimensional linear programming problem is developed.
Some relations in the generalized Kählerian spaces of the second kind
Authors: Stankovic Mica , Velimirovic Ljubica , Zlatanovic Milan
Published: September 2009

Starting from the definition of generalized Riemannian space (GRN) [1], in which a non-symmetric basic tensor Gij is introduced, in the present paper a generalized K?hlerian space GK2 N of the second kind is defined, as a GRN with almost complex structure Fhi, that is covariantly constant with respect to the second kind of covariant derivative (equation (2.3)). Several theorems are proved. These theorems are generalizations of the corresponding theorems relating to KN. The relations between Fhi and four curvature tensors from GRN are obtained.
Notes on constant mean curvature surfaces and their graphical presentation
Authors: Ciric Marija
Published: September 2009

In this paper graphical presentation some of the constant mean curvature surfaces (CMC surfaces) is given. This work is an extension of the results [3]. Interesting shapes and complicate structures of CMC surfaces obtained using Mathematica computer program are given.
Curvebend graphical tool for presentation of infinitesimal bending of curves
Authors: Rancic Svetozar , Velimirovic Ljubica , Zlatanovic Milan
Published: September 2009

An infinitesimal bending of the curve at E3 is considered and the infinitesimal bending field is determined and discussed. CurveBend, tool for graphical presentation of non rigid curves is presented. Influence of infinitesimal bending field on curves is discussed and visualized by the tool.
Fuel and lubricant consumption in felling the young oak-hornbeam stands
Authors: Bajic Vojislav , Danilovic Milorad
Published: September 2009

Based on the elements of statistical analysis on the dependence of fuel and lubricant consumption on tree diameter, it was assessed that with the increase of tree diameter, the fuel and lubricant consumption in the young oak and hornbeam stands decreases significantly, both in clear felling and in thinning and that the function form Y=exp(a+b x X?1) is the best description of the correlation The consumption of fuel compared to lubricant consumption is almost double, which agrees with the results of the previous studies. Average consumption of fuel and lubricant is 17.43 mL x tree?1, on the plots 20.27 mL x tree?1, average consumption of lubricant per tree on skid roads is 9.4 mL x tree?1, on the plots 11 mL x tree?1. The higher consumption of fuel and lubricant on the plots with selective thinning is the consequence of the longer time needed for the conversion per tree, compared to that in clear felling The consumption of fuel per unit area on the skid roads (clear felling) is 22.9 L x ha?1, on the plots (selective thinning) 7.6 L x ha?1. The consumption of lubricant on the skid roads is 13.3 L x ha?1, on the plots 4.29 L x ha?1. The higher consumption of fuel and lubricant per unit area on the skid roads is due to the difference in the number of trees per unit area Based on the results of the analysis of variance, it was found out that between fuel and lubricant consumption in selective thinning and in felling the trees along tractor skid roads there is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance of 95%. So, for practical purposes, the unique norms of consumption can be established for the stands similar to those in which the study was performed.
Test of Populus x euramericana cv. Pannònia resistance to the attack of Discoporium populeum (Sacc) Sutton by artificial infections
Authors: Keca Nenad
Published: September 2009

Populus x euramericana cv. Pann?nia is an artificial hybrid, created in the Sarvar research station (Hungary), by crosses made by Kopecky Ferenc. It was registered in Hungary and its identification is H 490-31. Its parents are: Populus deltoides S-1-54 & Belgium (P. deltoides A 42 Iowa ? P. deltoides A148 Missouri) x P. nigra L?b?ny 211%. Inoculations were implanted by spore suspension and mycelium of the fungus, grown on the MEA medium, by standard method. The experiments were performed on the plants 1/2, especially singled out for the experiment and on the plants in the second year after transplanting (2/2 and 2/3), at the locality Siget. The inoculations were replicated three times: 15.05.2000, 14.10.2000 and 31.03. 2001 The study shows that the newly introduced cultivar Populus ? euramericana cv. Pann?nia is not immune to the attack of the fungus Discosporium populeum. The highest percentage of realised infections in the experiment with mycelium was realised in October (89.7%), and the lowest percentage in May (22.6%). Inoculations with spore suspension had the same trend, only the percentage of realised infections was considerably lower, with the maximal value for October, 23.5%. Infection with spore suspension implanted in leaf scar produced the positive results, with 10.4% percentage of infection. A very significant fact is that the percentage of random infections of the plants monitored during the experiment was only 4.4%. Only one plant was girdled and killed during the research. It must be emphasised that all the necrotised spots were callused and remedied in a short period after infection, which indicates the presence of the defence mechanisms in this cultivar The study results are a good base of further research. To be able to bring correct conclusions and recommendations to the practice regarding this cultivar in the study area, it is necessary to assess the degree of Discosporium populeum presence on one-year and two-year old trees .
Variability of some morphological traits of one-year old red oak, black walnut, birch and wild pear seedlings in the nurseries of Jastrebac region
Authors: Krstic Milun , Vojinovic Nevena
Published: September 2009

Five morphological and quantitative characteristics of one-year old seedlings of Red oak (Quercus rubra L), Black walnut (Juglans nigra L), Wild pear (Pyrus pygrowser Borkh) and Birch (Betula verrucosa Ehrh) were studied. The seedlings were produced and cultivated in the controlled conditions of the nursery in the region of Jastrebac, by the classical method. Aboveground seedling height, root collar diameter, root length, number of secondary roots and the leaf assimilation area were analysed. Intraspecific and interspecific variability of morphological features of the above species were assessed by the comparative analysis and statistical methods The comparative analysis shows the great individual variability of seedlings, which can indicate their genetic potential, adaptation to environment conditions, further spontaneous selection and the development in natural conditions. This justifies the need of the quality assessment and the first selection already in the nursery, in order to ensure the quality planting material and to reduce the risk of afforestation failure One-year old birch seedlings have the lowest average height (18.8 cm). Black walnut and Wild pear seedlings are approximately twice as high, and Red oak about 2.5 times higher. At the same time Red oak seedlings have for about one-fourth greater height than Black walnut, and for one-third greater height than Wild pear. Wild pear seedlings attain the averagely twice larger root collar diameter than Birch (2.8 cm), Red oak seedlings about 2.5 times larger diameter, and Black walnut 3.5 times larger diameter. Black walnut has a larger root collar diameter than Red oak for about one third, and almost twice larger than Wild pear. Birch, Red oak and Wild pear have almost twice longer root (1.8-1.9 times), Black walnut about 2.25 times longer. The total assimilation area of a Birch seedling is averagely 89.0 cm2. Compared to birch, wild pear has approximately double assimilation area per tree, Red oak 10 times larger, Black walnut even 14 times larger assimilation area The analysis of variance shows that the experiment is homogeneous in general, i.e. that variance within the group of the same species per all characteristics is not statistically significant at the level p>0.01. The statistically significant difference was found in the attained heights of one-year old seedlings of Red oak and Birch, as well as between them and other species, while there is no difference between Black walnut and Wild pear. All analysed species differ significantly in root collar diameter of one-year old seedlings. Black walnut and Birch differ significantly in root length, and also compared to other species. There are no statistically significant differences in root length between Red oak and Wild pear. All the analysed species differ statistically significantly per total assimilation area of one seedling .
Na effects of heavy thinning on Turkey oak tree and stand increment in the five-year period
Authors: Bobinac Martin , Vuckovic Milivoj , Andrasev Sinisa
Published: September 2009

The effects of heavy thinning on tree and stand increment were studied on sample plots in the artificially established Turkey oak stand, aged 51 years. Before thinning, extremely low height and diameter increments were recorded and also the process of revitalization and tree decline. Heavy thinning at the stand age of 46 years removed 38.0% of trees and 31. 4% of wood volume. Five years later, on the heavily thinned plot, a lower current increment of basal area and volume per ha for 10-13% was measured, while the percentage of volume increment increased for 13%, and the diameter increment of the remaining trees for 17%. In the period after thinning, annual ring diameter increased in model trees for 1. 76- 2. 59 times compared to the previous five-year period.
Assortment structure in beech coppice stands in the Crni vrh region
Authors: Danilovic Milorad , Krstic Milun , Pantic Damjan , Matovic Bratislav
Published: September 2009

Assortment structure in beech coppice stands was studied for the region of Crni vrh. Assortment structure was determined according to the standard (JUS) in two ecological units. The study results show that the assortment value structure significantly increases with the increase of tree diameter and that there are no statistically significant differences in assortment structure between the selected ecological units. The dependence of the assortment value structure on tree diameter can be represented by an exponential function. The value percentage of assortments made of stem wood in theoretical crosscutting depending on tree diameter has an increasing tendency, except for the wood for excelsior.
The most frequent parasitic and saprophytic fungi on some species in the fam. Cupressaceae
Authors: Milijasevic Tanja
Published: September 2009

The parasitic and saprophytic mycoflora was inventoried on three species in the fam. Cupressaaceae (Cupressus sempervirens, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and Juniperus virginiana) in Serbia and Montenegro. The greatest number of fungi was recorded on eastern red cedar, but they were mainly the parasites of weakness or saprophytes. The greatest damage on cypress is caused by the pathogenic fungus Seiridium cardinale - agent of bark necrosis and canker. Sphaeropsis sapinea, the pathogen of many coniferous species, was identified on all three hosts on which it does not cause great harm. The study of the morphological characteristics of the fungus on these host plants and the comparative analysis with the morphological characteristics of the same fungus on Pinus spp. shows a difference between them. The study of S. sapinea pathogenicity by artificial inoculations of Austrian pine seedlings in the controlled conditions shows that the isolate of the fungus from cypress can cause infection of uninjured P. nigra shoots.
Correlation of forest road network density and the production of forest assortments in Serbia in the period 1991-2000
Authors: Stefanovic Bogdan , Rankovic Nenad
Published: September 2009

The dependence of the scope of production of the definite forest products (total felling volume, round wood, cordwood, felling waste, waste percentage) in Serbia was analyzed for the period 1991-2000, in relation to the changes of forest road network density. It was concluded that, with the change of forest road network density, the total felling volume, round wood and cordwood decreases, while the quantity of felling waste and its percentage in the total production are not in correlation. This is opposite to the expected which points to the paradox in these relations in the study period.
A contribution to the study of the association quercetum montanum Cer. et Jov. 1953. in north-east Serbia
Authors: Tomic Zagorka
Published: September 2009

The association Quercetum montanum Cer. et Jov. 1953 in north-east Serbia is researched. Its site conditions, structure and floristic composition are defined and four sub associations are designated based on the differences in soils and differential species: ornetosum, pauperum, typicum and tilietosum.
Trends of production and consumption of beech roundwood on the European market
Authors: Glavonjic Branko , Rankovic Nenad
Published: September 2009

By the development and analysis of the model of beech roundwood production and consumption trends in the most important European countries, Serbia and Europe altogether, for the period 1990-2000, the paper identifies the regularities in their trend, based on which the relations in the production and consumption trends are analyzed. Based on the elements obtained in this way, the paper points to the possibilities of selling beech wood offered by the European market.
Possibility of parasite (Marssonina brunnea (Ell. & Ev) P. Magnus and Melampsora spp) control on poplar foliage with some fungicides
Authors: Keca Nenad
Published: September 2009

The aim of this study was to test the protection of the clone Populus deltoides cl. S-6-36, with several fungicides, against the loss of height and diameter increment. The idea was to protect the leaf immediately from the beginning of vegetation growth against the attack pathogens. By the planed treatments, the foliage would be protected against the fungal attack during the first two to three months of vegetation growth, which would presumably contribute to avoid the significant decrease of height and diameter increments. The most efficient fungicide during the two-year research, both in the control of the fungus Marssonina brunnea, and in the control of Melampsora spp., was Bakarni krec 50 (cupric oxychloride). This was concluded based on the lowest average number of formed acervuli, i. e. uredosori per cm2 of leaf area. A significant decrease of poplar tree increment occurs if the intensity of parasite attack on the foliage is high and if the attacks are repeated several years successively. Under the moderate attack of these pathogens (Marssonina brunnea and Melampsora spp) there is no significant loss of height and diameter increments.
Assortment structure in beech coppice stands in Boljevac region
Authors: Danilovic Milorad , Pantic Damjan
Published: September 2009

Assortment structure in beech coppice stands was studied in the area of Boljevac. Assortment structure was evaluated according to the articles of the valid standard (JUS). The assortments represented in the assortment structure, based on the stemwood quality are: Logs for matches, sawlogs I II and III classes, mine timber, technical roundwood, pulpwood, wood for excelsior and fuelwood, I and II classes. The results of the analyses show that the value assortment structure (sum of the values of assortments produced from one tree) grows significantly with the increase of tree diameter and this dependence is presented by a degree function. The value percentage of logs for matches, sawlogs of the I and II classes, technical roundwood, mine timber, fuelwood and pulpwood, grows with the increase of the tree diameter. The occurrence of better quality logs (sawlogs) in these stands, in contrast to the beech coppice stand in the area of Crni Vrh results from the more favourable diameter structure. There are no statistically significant differences between the value assortment structure on the established sample plot series within the same locality, consequently the data ere united. Because of the differences in stand age, the data are not unified for the localities, although there are no statistically significant differences between value assortment structure for diameter degrees represented in them. False heart (red heart) is one of very significant defects of beech wood, and its incidence, inter alia, depends on tree age. The low effect of this defect of wood resulted in a significant percentage of logs for matches. Along with the value assortment structure this paper also presents the percentage of assortments depending on tree diameter.
Properties and productive potential of dystric brown soil on red sandstone in beech forests of "Cestobrodica"
Authors: Kosanin Olivera , Knezevic Milan
Published: September 2009

Dystric brown soils were studied in the mountain forest of beech (Fagetum moesiacae montanum, Jov. 1976) in the area of the Management Unit "Cestobrodica". The soil study was carried out on three series of sample plots. The soils are formed on red sandstones, and the characteristics and the way of the substrate weathering has a decisive effect on the soil characteristics.
Secondary range and ecophysiological characteristics of Amorpha fruticosa L. in Serbia
Authors: Tucovic Aleksandar , Isajev Vasilije , Sijacic-Nikolic Mirjana
Published: September 2009

The introduction of allochthonous species enriches the trees and shrubs of the country and leads to the phenomenon of the secondary range of cultivated species, which differs very much from species to species. The amorpha (Amorpha fruticosa L) range characteristics are presented, the species which has a very expressed tendency of subspontaneous spreading in Serbia. The inventory was performed by the stationary and marshroute investigations of the species coenosis.
Parasitic and saprophytic fungi occurring in connection with Sphaeropsis sapinea Dyko & Sutton
Authors: Milijasevic Tanja , Karadzic Dragan
Published: September 2009

The study of epidemiology and significance of the parasitic fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea in Serbia and Montenegro shows that some parasitic and saprophytic fungi occur in connection with this pathogen. Among the 13 identified species, the most frequent are Truncatella hartigi and Cenangium accum. Dothistroma septospora is a fungus with the most expressed pathogenic properties among those that colonize Austrian pine needles. A new data is that the above two fungi can occur also on the needles of the same current-year shoots, i.e. that D. septospora can be in succession with S. sapinea when it colonizes the needles on the shoots which were previously infected by S. sapinea. The remaining identified species occurred individually and they are the weak parasites or the saprophytes.
Basic strength properties of beech wood in coppice forests G.J. "Crni Vrh - Kupinovo",
Authors: Popovic Zdravko , Todorovic Nebojsa
Published: September 2009

The basic mechanical properties of beech wood in coppice forest, locality Bor-Boljevac, Management unit "Crni Vrh-Kupinovo" were studied: Bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending and shock resistance. Eight trees were taken from two series covered by the scientific-production experiment in this management unit. The statistically processed results were presented for each tree. There is a very strong correlation of the general linear form y=ax+b between the study properties, except between density and shock resistance. Static bending strength decreases mildly with tree height. The analysis shows that the average values of the study properties of beech wood at this locality are approximately the same as the values at other localities in the former SFRY. The only deviation is shock resistance.
Parameters of the occurrence of internal erosion processes in salty-sandy soils
Authors: Gajic Grozdana
Published: September 2009

The study was aimed at defining the conditions of the occurrence of internal erosion in silty-sandy soils. The susceptibility of this soil to internal erosion depends on the porosity, particle-size composition and hydro-geo-mechanical parameters. Internal erosion stability was analyzed by the introduction of the coefficient of particle composition as the critical particle-size condition, which is in fact the coefficient of internal erosion (Kue). Based on the study results, mathematical models and the functional correlation between water regime and resistant characteristics of silty-sandy soils, we defined the parameters of the occurrence of initial internal erosion and analyzed the effects of the practical application of the study results.
Harmonization of the engineering and environmental objectives of the river management: Case study of the Juzna Morava river
Authors: Petkovic Slobodan , Obratov-Petkovic Dragica
Published: September 2009

Harmonization of river engineering objectives and environmental aspects of river management is considered in the case study of Juzna Morava river. Investigation of morphological, hydraulic and sediment logical characteristics of the river, flora and vegetation were carried out in this study. During the field investigation, the assessment of riparian vegetation was made and large number of species were determined. More than 100 species are classified into 7 communities. Regarding the existing problems of the bank erosion, excavation in the floodplain and bad ecological conditions of the riparian zone, the new environmentally friendly approach is proposed. The technical measures consist of a special excavation in the floodplain on the inside bank of the river bends, with significant effect on the erosion intensity on the outside bank. Two ecological alternatives of management of floodplain are considered - the plantation of poplar in the deepened zone of the floodplain and the wetland formation in this zone.
Time of concentration in torrential catchments in Serbia
Authors: Ristic Ratko
Published: September 2009

Maximal discharge Qmax,p is the basic input data for the design of longitudinal and transversal objects in torrential beds. Calculation of maximal discharge Qmax, on unstudied catchments is performed by the following methods: combined procedure (the theory of synthetic unit hydrograph and SCS methodology for the separation of effective rainfall Pe from total rainfall Pb), rational theory and theory of maximal runoff intensity. Rational theory is a suitable method with representative time of concentration Tc. The time of concentration was determined on the basis of investigation on 93 control profiles, south from the Sava and the Danube. Time of concentration and dominant physical-geography characteristics of the catchments were the basis for deriving the equations with regional significance [Tc=f(A), Tc=f(L), Tc=f(L, Lc, Iu), Tc=f(L, Iu), Tc=f(L, Isr), Tc=f(L, Iu, Isr)]. The relation between time of concentration Tc and lag time tp was determined [Tc=f(tp)].
Presowing treatments for breaking seed dormancy of Hovenia dulcis Thunb.
Authors: Grbic Mihailo , Skocajic Dragana , Djukic Matilda , Djunisijevic Danijela
Published: September 2009

The aim of the experiment was to determine the optimal presowing treat?ment for breaking seed dormancy of Japanese raisin tree (Hovenia dulcis Thunb.), a very rare exotic species introduced to the Mediterranean parts of Serbia and Mon?tenegro. Three pretreatments are applied: mechanical scarification and chemical scarification (conc. H2SO4) lasting for 5 and 120 minutes. The best treatment was the longer chemical scarification, which confirmed the dormancy of the seedcoat.
Spontaneous changes a basis for new ornamental woody plant cultivars
Authors: Djukic Matilda , Grbic Mihailo , Skocajic Dragana , Djunisijevic Danijela
Published: September 2009

In nursery stock production of some ornamental woody plants the appearance of spontaneous variability was identified in the form of atypical pigmentation of leaves (albinism, variegated, red colored), leaves shape (jaggy) and dwarfs. Mutated plants with variegated leaves were observed among hybrid plane (Platanus x acerifolia (Ait.) Willd.), Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.), laurel cherry (Prunus laurocerasus L.) and Lawson false-cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Murr.) Parl.) Seedlings. The type of variegation and frequency were analyzed. Among plane tree and Siberian elm seedlings there were observed red colored leaves. Atypical, jaggy shaped leaves were found among laurel cherry seedlings. Dwarf growth was identified at Siberian elm and birch (Betula pendula Roth.) where also found fruits at one year seedling. There were not significant differences in some morphological and physiological properties in plane tree seedlings with various pigmented leaves. .
Revision and denomination of Balkan beech plant communities in Serbia
Authors: Tomic Zagorka
Published: September 2009

The syntaxonomic differentiation and nomenclature of beech forests in Serbia is analyzed. Based on 75 phytocoenological tables of numerous authors and this author?s, from different parts of Serbia, 7 synthetic tables were constructed, one for each of the suballiances in the alliance Fagion moesiacae Blecic et Lakusic 1970. By the introduction of the unique criteria of International Phytosociological Nomenclature only 20 basic syntaxonomic categories (associations) were formed and denominated, distributed into 7 suballiances. In this way, the nomenclature and classification of beech forests in Serbia has been harmonized with the international standards.
Phenotypic, ITS phylogenetic and pathogenic analyses of Pyllosticta Multicorniculata associated with needle blight symptoms of balsam fir in Canada
Authors: Vujanovic Vladimir
Published: September 2009

Phyllosticta multicorniculata Bissett & Palm causes needle blight on Abies balsamea (L) Mill. in eastern Canada. The disease symptoms are similar to those provoked by Phyllosticta abietis Bissett & Palm on Abies grandis Lindl. in the U.S.A. Preliminary study based on rDNA ITS sequence data analysis, revealed that P. multicorniculata formed distinct but closely-related clade with other sister mitosporic Phyllosticta and teleomorphic Guignardia and Botryosphaeria taxa. However, the phylogenetic position of the fungus is still doubtful which demand further and more advanced molecular investigation. This is the first report of a microconidial stage in P. multicorniculata and, for the first time, description of the developing mucilaginous appendages in macroconidia. This study contributes in disease diagnostics and gives new information on distribution of the disease in Canada.
Conservation and directed utilization of forest genetic resources
Authors: Sijacic-Nikolic Mirjana , Milovanovic Jelena
Published: September 2009

Forest genetic resources represent the genetic diversity contained in the thousands of species of forest trees on the earth. their conservation is a set of activities and strategies, which are performed in the aim of ensuring the continued existence, evolution and availability of these resources for the present and future generations. the aim of genetic resource management is the enhancement of conditions for the continual evolution of the species which is the defensive mechanism of the organisms in the struggle with environmental changes.
Morphometric characteristics of the leaves of Greek maple (Acer heldreichii Orph) in central Serbia
Authors: Perovic Marko
Published: September 2009

The taxonomic characteristics of Greek maple (Acer heldreichii Orph) were studied based on the analysis of leaf characteristics, by comparative-morphological method. The study was performed at three localities in central Serbia: Goc, Jastrebac and Rudnik. 30 normally developed trees were selected per each locality, and 30 leaves were selected from each tree for the analysis. The study includes 8 measured and 15 derived characteristics of leaves. The study results were statistically processed by correlation analysis, analysis of variance and cluster-analysis. It is concluded that there are two varieties, var. heldreichii and var. macropterum. Four forms are set aside in the variety macropterum: f. typicum f. dissectum, f. Equiloba and f. rotundiloba. The populations are relatively homogeneous, and both varieties occur at all three localities in significant numbers.
Basic physical properties of spruce wood (Picea abies Karst) from plantations
Authors: Soskic Borislav , Govedar Zoran , Todorovic Nebojsa , Petrovic Danijela
Published: September 2009

The basic physical properties of spruce wood from plantations in the surroundings of Banja Luka were researched. The dependence of growth ring diameter and wood density, density, volume porosity, shrinkage, fibre saturation point and absorption of moisture were analysed on three trees average age about 16 years. The data for breast height and for all specimens from breast height to 9.3 m were statistically processed. The research and analysis of the basic physical properties of plantation-grown spruce wood shows that the effect of growth ring diameter on the density is negative and that the dependence is logarithmic, which confirms the previous results. Average value of wood density is lower than the usual value reported in references. Average value of radial shrinkage is 3.90%, and tangential 8.10%. This research confirms the linear dependence between the nominal density and volumetric shrinkage of spruce wood and that density has a negative effect on the coefficient of surface anisotropy. At breast height, average value of the coefficient of surface anisotropy is 2.16, volume porosity 72%, and fibre saturation point 32.6%. Average rate of absorption is 3.42% per day, for the first 7 days, and 0.12% per day for the last 30 days. The study results were compared to the results reported by other authors.
Diseases in poplar plantations
Authors: Keca Nenad
Published: September 2009

Production of poplar plantation is in great part in correlation with its health condition. Big areas under the trees of the same age and almost identical (sort) or identical (clones) genetical characteristics are ideal environment for occurrence and development of different diseases. They could easy reach epyphitotic intensity, in such conditions and start to endanger wood mass production and cause big financial loss. Aim of paper was to present the most important diseases worldwide, which are reported on poplar species of sections: Leuce, Aigeiros and Tacamahaca. Beside the most important diseases in paper are presented fungi which were found during many years of study of natural stands and plantations of poplars in Serbia.
Propagation of Dianthus deltoides L. by shoot culture
Authors: Popovic Marija , Grbic Mihailo , Markovic Marija
Published: September 2009

The possibility of improving D. deltoides micropropagation was studied in the aim of reducing the number of vitrified and necrotic shoots. Micropropagation was performed on the medium with MS mineral solution, supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar, 50 mg?L-1 mio-inositol, 0.025 mg?L-1 thiamin, 0.125 mg?L-1 nicotinic acid and 0.5 mg?L-1 glycine. The shoot multiplication was induced on 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and ?-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Vitrification was successfully reduced, and the best results were achieved on the medium with 1 mg?L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg?L-1 NAA. Rooting was successful on the medium without hormones, and the acclimatisation percentage accounted for 92%.
Factors affecting rigidity and durability of chairs
Authors: Dzincic Igor , Skakic Dusan , Nestorovic Biserka
Published: September 2009

Strength and durability of different types of chairs is mostly function of rigidity and type of joints. Classification of chairs was completed upon their critical points. Based on this divide, chairs were classified into six categories. Based on previous research, strength of joints have been influenced by gluing surface, machining quality, type of fit, species and humidity of wood material, glue quality and gluing parameters. Research have been carried out on two groups of chairs, and two groups of joints. Machining quality, type of fit and gluing surface, have been varied during experiment.
The use of molecular markers in the improvement of conifer tree species
Authors: Isajev Vasilije , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana , Lucic Aleksandar
Published: September 2009

The paper reviews the study results of the use of molecular markers in coniferous tree species improvement. The results are based on presentation of the experience in the application of biochemical and molecular analyses at the level of the selected populations and individuals from different provenances of coniferous tree species. Many studies performed during the last years demonstrated the usefulness of neutral molecular markers in the field of conservation and population genetics of conifers, in particular to understand the importance of migration patterns in shaping current genetic and geographic diversity and to measure important parameters such as effective population size, past bottlenecks and gene flow. This is relevant to design conservation strategies but is of little value to understand the adaptability patterns. In the specific field of the conservation genetics, molecular markers can be extremely useful in both ex situ and in situ gene pool conservation of coniferous trees.