bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Update of the Brazilian consensus recommendations on Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Araujo Alexandra Prufer de Queiroz Campos , Saute Jonas Alex Morales , Fortes Clarisse Pereira Dias Drumond , França Jr Marcondes Cavalcante , Pereira Jaqueline Almeida , Albuquerque Marco Antonio Veloso de , Carvalho Alzira Alves de Siqueira , Cavalcanti Eduardo Boiteux Uchôa , Covaleski Anna Paula Paranhos Miranda , Fagondes Simone Chaves , Gurgel-Giannetti Juliana , Gonçalves Marcus Vinicius Magno , Martinez Alberto Rolim Muro , Coimbra Neto Antônio Rodrigues , Neves Flavio Reis , Nucci Anamarli , Nucera Ana Paula Cassetta dos Santos , Pessoa Andre Luis Santos , Rebel Marcos Ferreira , Santos Flavia Nardes dos , Scola Rosana Herminia , Sobreira Cláudia Ferreira da Rosa
Published: March 2023

In the last few decades, there have been considerable improvements in the diagnosis and care of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common childhood muscular dystrophy. International guidelines have been published and recently reviewed. A group of Brazilian experts has developed a standard of care based on a literature review with evidence-based graded recommendations in a two-part publication. Implementing best practice management has helped change the natural history of this chronic progressive disorder, in which the life expectancy for children of the male sex in the past used to be very limited. Since the previous publication, diagnosis, steroid treatment, rehabilitation, and systemic care have gained more significant insights with new original work in certain fields. Furthermore, the development of new drugs is ongoing, and some interventions have been approved for use in certain countries. Therefore, we have identified the need to review the previous care recommendations for Brazilian patients with DMD. Our objective was to create an evidence-based document that is an update on our previous consensus on those topics.
Predictability of Hematological Parameters in the Diagnosis of Cesarean Scar Pregnancy
Authors: Dogru Sukran , Atci Asli Altinordu , Akkus Fatih , Erdogan Arif Caner , Acar Ali
Published: March 2023

Introduction Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is an increasing clinical condition that causes serious maternal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate if inflammation markers measured by hemogram can aid in the diagnosis of CSP.

Materials and Methods A total of 86 patients were included in the study. The cases were divided as CSP (n: 42) and normal pregnancy (NP) (n: 44). At the time of admission, peripheral blood neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, thrombocytes, systemic inflammatory index (SII) (neutrophil × platelet/lymphocyte), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, monocyte–lymphocyte ratio, and platelet–lymphocyte ratio were all measured. CSP and NP diagnoses were made by transabdominal or vaginal ultrasonography.

Results In the CSP group, mean age (p < 0.001), gravida (p < 0.001), parity (p < 0.001), number of surviving children (p < 0.001), number of abortions (p < 0.001), cesarean number (p < .001), dilatation and curettage count (p = 0.013), monocyte (M) value (p = 0.039) and monocyte/lymphocyte value (MLR) (p = 0.035) were significantly higher than the control group. The optimal M value cut-off value was found to be > 0.40, the sensitivity value was 78.57, and the specificity value was 50.00. AUC = 0.632 (SE = 0.061) for the MLR value. The optimal MLR cut-off value was found to be > 0.232, the sensitivity value was 61.90, and the specificity value was 63.64.

Conclusion Hemogram parameters, which are simple, inexpensive, and easily accessible, M and MLR are significantly higher in the diagnosis of CSP and can be used as an auxiliary parameter for ultrasonography.
Diagnostic Uncertainties in Tremor
Authors: Marsili Luca , Bologna Matteo , Mahajan Abhimanyu
Published: March 2023

The approach and diagnosis of patients with tremor may be challenging for clinicians. According to the most recent consensus statement by the Task Force on Tremor of the International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society, the differentiation between action (i.e., kinetic, postural, intention), resting, and other task- and position-specific tremors is crucial to this goal. In addition, patients with tremor must be carefully examined for other relevant features, including the topography of the tremor, since it can involve different body areas and possibly associate with neurological signs of uncertain significance. Following the characterization of major clinical features, it may be useful to define, whenever possible, a particular tremor syndrome and to narrow down the spectrum of possible etiologies. First, it is important to distinguish between physiological and pathological tremor, and, in the latter case, to differentiate between the underlying pathological conditions. A correct approach to tremor is particularly relevant for appropriate referral, counseling, prognosis definition, and therapeutic management of patients. The purpose of this review is to outline the possible diagnostic uncertainties that may be encountered in clinical practice in the approach to patients with tremor. In addition to an emphasis on a clinical approach, this review discusses the important ancillary role of neurophysiology and innovative technologies, neuroimaging, and genetics in the diagnostic process.
Neural network surrogate models for equations of state
Authors: Mentzer Katherine L. , Peterson J. Luc
Published: March 2023

Equation of state (EOS) data provide necessary information for accurate multiphysics modeling, which is necessary for fields such as inertial confinement fusion. Here, we suggest a neural network surrogate model of energy and entropy and use thermodynamic relationships to derive other necessary thermodynamic EOS quantities. We incorporate phase information into the model by training a phase classifier and using phase-specific regression models, which improves the modal prediction accuracy. Our model predicts energy values to 1% relative error and entropy to 3.5% relative error in a log-transformed space. Although sound speed predictions require further improvement, the derived pressure values are accurate within 10% relative error. Our results suggest that neural network models can effectively model EOS for inertial confinement fusion simulation applications.
Electrostatic self-assembled MXene–graphene oxide composite electrodes for planar supercapacitors
Authors: Fu Xiu-Yan , Ma Chang-Jing , Shu Ruo-Yu , Zhang Yu-Yin , Jiang Hao-Bo
Published: March 2023

MXene based layered materials have exhibited excellent performance in supercapacitor applications owing to their high conductivity. However, device planarization hinders their broader ability in a film-based energy storage device. Here, we have demonstrated the fabrication of self-assembled MXene–graphene oxide (M-GO) composites based on the electrostatic interaction between MXene and GO solutions. The as-prepared M-GO composite possessed homogeneous structures and tunable conductivities according to different GO contents, which benefit both charge storage and ions transmission. The first-assembly sandwiched supercapacitors based on these M-GO composites showed a maximum specific capacitance value of 39.0 mF/cm2 (10.9 mF/cm2 for MXene based devices). The enhanced electrochemical performance after self-assembly was due to the improved interface effect between electrodes and electrolytes. Additionally, the introduction of GO guarantees the completeness of designed M-GO patterns without the need for additives, and it is worth noting that with the assistance of a laser fabrication technique, planar supercapacitors based on the most suitable M-GO (with mass ratio of M:GO = 1:1) composite could be obtained by ablating the unwanted areas. Additionally, planar M-GO based supercapacitors also exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, which demonstrated the great potential of M-GO composite supercapacitors in wearable electronic applications.
Electrically tunable magnetic sensor for satellite-free global positioning
Authors: Zhao Xin , Chen Hong-Bo , Lu Li-Hua , Li You-Quan
Published: March 2023

Navigation and positioning technologies play a key role in modern human activities. Currently, navigation devices are mostly dependent on the global navigation satellite systems, for example, the global positioning system (GPS). However, it is known that GPS signals can be jammed or spoofed or otherwise fail. As the need for GPS independent navigation increases in some practical application scenarios, novel navigation techniques based on the geomagnetic field have been developed. A main task of geomagnetic navigation is to obtain the amplitude and direction of the geomagnetic field accurately. Here, we introduce an alternative scheme for vectorial measurements of the local geomagnetic field for magnetic positioning based on the biological ferric sulfide cluster, which exists in the magnetoreceptor protein/cryptochrome complex in certain avian species. We find that by observing the number of peaks and the proportional rate of spectrum on resonance, both the direction and intensity of the magnetic field can be determined. Therefore, our findings may provide a fresh insight into magnetic field measurement and also suggest further guidelines for the design and operation of satellite-free navigation systems based on the electrically tunable inorganic biological molecules.
Effect of charge transport on electrical degradation in polypropylene/organic molecular semiconductor composites for HVDC cable insulation
Authors: Yuan Chao , Liu Dong-Duan , Zhu Yu-Jie , Zeng Tan , Jiang Bing-Xu , Tang Cheng-Xu , Zhou Yao , He Jin-Liang , Li Qi
Published: March 2023

Polypropylene is considered to be the material of choice for environmentally friendly high voltage direct current cable insulation. The high power transmission of electrical energy exposes insulating materials to high temperatures and electric fields, resulting in the degradation of material properties. This paper reports that organic molecular semiconductors with strong electron affinity can effectively modulate electrical properties of polypropylene. The charge injection and transport process are analyzed by considering a combination of relations describing various conduction models in dielectrics, including the Richardson–Schottky (RS) emission and the hopping conduction. Based on the performed experiments, a modified Wiesmann–Zeller (WZ) model is proposed to simulate the electrical treeing process of polypropylene. The electrical treeing results are well verified with the simulation results, which offer a valuable tool for further analysis of the effect of intrinsic barrier height, hopping distance, and activation energy on the electrical degradation in the material. This work provides an insightful analysis of multiple charge transport mechanisms affecting the electrical degradation of the polymer, which is crucially essential for the rational design of high-performance insulation materials.
Co-substituted Ca–La magnetoplumbite ferrite microwave absorbers at 100 GHz
Authors: Hyodo Kazushige , Kano Jun , Nakanishi Makoto , Fujii Tatsuo
Published: March 2023

Millimeter wave absorption exceeding 70 GHz has been performed in a Co-substituted Ca–La magnetoplumbite (M-type) ferrite. A polymerized complex method was used to increase the substitution of La and Co ions in the M-type ferrite. The increase in the magnetic anisotropy field combined with the remaining significant saturation magnetization results in good magnetic resonance absorption in the millimeter range of 70–100 GHz. Above 70 GHz, good millimeter wave absorption of more than −20 dB was achieved in 0.25 mm thickness plates of Ca0.46La0.54Fe11Co0.28O19-η and Ca0.42La0.58Fe11Co0.58O19-η. Highly Co-substituted Ca–La M-type ferrites may, thus, be promising candidates for magnetic absorption materials operating in frequencies of up to 100 GHz.
Notes on resonant and synchronized states in complex networks
Authors: Bartesaghi Paolo
Published: March 2023

Synchronization and resonance on networks are some of the most remarkable collective dynamical phenomena. The network topology, or the nature and distribution of the connections within an ensemble of coupled oscillators, plays a crucial role in shaping the local and global evolution of the two phenomena. This article further explores this relationship within a compact mathematical framework and provides new contributions on certain pivotal issues, including a closed bound for the average synchronization time in arbitrary topologies; new evidences of the effect of the coupling strength on this time; exact closed expressions for the resonance frequencies in terms of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix; a measure of the effectiveness of an influencer node’s impact on the network; and, finally, a discussion on the existence of a resonant synchronized state. Some properties of the solution of the linear swing equation are also discussed within the same setting. Numerical experiments conducted on two distinct real networks—a social network and a power grid—illustrate the significance of these results and shed light on intriguing aspects of how these processes can be interpreted within networks of this kind.
Swimming of the midge larva: Principles and tricks of locomotion at intermediate Reynolds number
Authors: Jin Bowen , Pan Chengfeng , Xia Neng , Song Jialei , Luo Haoxiang , Zhang Li , Ding Yang
Published: March 2023

At the millimeter scale and in the intermediate Reynolds number (Re) regime, the midge and mosquito larvae can reach swimming speeds of more than one body length per cycle performing a “figure eight” gait, in which their elongated bodies periodically bend nearly into circles and then fully unfold. To elucidate the propulsion mechanism of this cycle of motion, we conducted a three-dimensional (3D) numerical study, which investigates the hydrodynamics of undergoing the prescribed kinematics. We found novel propulsion mechanisms, such as modulating the body deformation rate to dynamically increase the maximum net propulsion force, using asymmetric kinematics to generate torque and the appropriate rotation, and controlling the radius of the curled body to manipulate the moment of inertia. The figure eight gait is found to achieve propulsion at a wide range of Re but is most effective at intermediate Re. The results were further validated experimentally, via the development of a soft millimeter-sized robot that can reach comparable speeds using the figure eight gait.
Modeling charge transport mechanism in inorganic quantum dot light-emitting devices through transport layer modification strategies
Authors: Rani Sweta , Kumar Jitendra
Published: March 2023

Quantum dot light-emitting devices (QLEDs) are potential candidates for lighting and display applications. The charge transport mechanism which plays an essential part in the performance of these devices, however, needs to be explored and analyzed for further improvement. The imbalance of the injection and transport of charge carriers within the device adversely affects the efficiency and stability of the device. Charge balance can be improved by better charge injection of holes while suppressing the excessive electrons. A simple and effective strategy to achieve this is using double transport layers or doped transport layers to modulate the band alignment and injection of charge carriers. Here, we propose a new structure and investigate the physical processes within a QLED with a double hole transport layer for improved charge injection of holes and a doped electron transport layer for controlled charge injection of electrons. We find that the process of charge injection, tunneling, and recombination is significantly improved within the quantum dot layer and a better charge balance is achieved in the emissive layer. Through the theoretical simulation model, useful results are obtained which pave the way for designing high-performing QLEDs.
Improved switching stability in SiNx-based RRAM by introducing nitride insertion layer with high conductivity
Authors: Yang Yintang , Duan Yiwei , Gao Haixia , Qian Mengyi , Guo Jingshu , Yang Mei , Ma Xiaohua
Published: March 2023

In this Letter, a Pt/SiNx/TiN/Ta resistive random access memory (RRAM) is proposed, which has low switching voltage, uniform resistance distribution, excellent cycle-to-cycle stability, and excellent nonvolatile performance. As an insertion layer, TiN prevents excessive absorption of nitrogen ions by a Ta electrode and avoids the formation of the unstable metal–semiconductor interface, which significantly reduces cycle-to-cycle variability of SiNx-based RRAM. Due to high conductivity, the TiN layer has a small voltage divider effect when voltage was applied, which helps to achieve low power consumption characteristics. This paper provides a direction for improving performance of nitride-based RRAM, which is useful for further development of highly reliable RRAM.
Enhanced energy density at elevated temperature in polyetherimide based all-organic dielectrics via UV irradiation
Authors: Ding Jiale , Wang Qitong , Jiang Zhenhua , Zhang Yunhe
Published: March 2023

The rapid development of electrostatic capacitors puts forward more stringent requirements for the use of polymer dielectrics, that is, to maintain high energy storage density and efficiency under extreme environments of high temperature and high electric field. In this work, all-organic composites comprising polyetherimide (PEI) blended with high-electron-affinity polymer dots (PDs) have been fabricated and modified by UV irradiation. It is found that the UV irradiated all-organic composites exhibit high energy density (4.1 J cm−3), far outperforming pristine PEI. The energy level diagram and electric conduction results prove that PDs capture free electrons via electrostatic attraction and the wide bandgap forms a barrier to electron transport, which inhibits the electric conduction, leading to the substantial performance improvements. This work demonstrates an effective modification method for the improvement of high-temperature electronics and energy storage devices.
On the value of adding commercial data into the reference population of the Angus SteerSELECT genomic tool
Authors: Reverter Antonio , Porto-Neto Laercio , Hine Brad C. , Alexandre Pamela A. , Samaraweera Malshani , Byrne Andrew I. , Ingham Aaron B. , Duff Christian J.
Published: March 2023

Context Angus SteerSELECT is a genomic tool designed to provide genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for nine traits related to growth, feedlot performance, carcase characteristics and immune competence. At present, GEBV for carcase characteristics are based on a reference population of 3766 Australian Angus steers. Aims We aimed to investigate the potential benefit of incorporating commercial data into the existing reference population of the Angus SteerSELECT. To this aim, we employ a population of 2124 genotyped commercial Angus steers with carcase performance data from four commercial feedlot operators. Methods The benefit of incorporating the commercial data (COMM) into the reference (REFE) population was assessed in terms of quality and integrity of the COMM data and meta-data to model the phenotypes adequately. We computed bias, dispersion, and accuracy of GEBV for carcase weight (CWT) and marbling (MARB) before and after including the COMM data, in whole or in partial, into the REFE population. Key results The genomic estimate of the Angus content in the COMM population averaged 96.9% and ranged from 32.87% to 100%. For CWT, the estimates of heritability were 0.419 ± 0.026 and 0.368 ± 0.038 for the REFE and COMM populations respectively, and with a genetic correlation of 0.756 ± 0.068. For MARB, the same three parameter estimates were 0.357 ± 0.027, 0.340 ± 0.038 and 0.879 ± 0.073 respectively. The ACC of CWT GEBV increased significantly (P < 0.0001) from 0.475 when the COMM population was not part of the REFE to 0.546 (or 15%) when a random 50% of the COMM population was included in the REFE. Similarly significant increases in ACC were observed for MARB GEBV (0.470–0.521 or 11%). Conclusions The strong genomic relationship between the REFE and the COMM populations, coupled with the significant increases in GEBV accuracies, demonstrated the potential benefits of including the COMM population into the reference population of a future improved version of the Angus SteerSELECT genomic tool. Implications Commercial feedlot operators finishing animals with a strong Angus breed component will benefit from having their data represented in the reference population of the Angus SteerSELECT genomic tool.
Trans-generational effect of cerium oxide-nanoparticles (nCeO2) on Chenopodium rubrum L. and Sinapis alba L. seeds
Authors: Milenković Ivana , Baruh Krstić Maria , Spasić Slađana Z. , Radotić Ksenija
Published: March 2023

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) are interesting nanomaterials due to their redox properties. Their wide application could result in unexpected consequences to environmental safety. Unlike acute toxicity, the trans-generational effects of carbohydrate-coated nCeO2 in the environment are still unknown. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treating maternal plants of Chenopodium rubrum L. (red goosefoot) and Sinapis alba L. (white mustard) with uncoated (CeO2) and glucose-, levan-, or pullulan-coated nCeO2 (G-, L-, or P-CeO2) during seed germination on morphological and physiological characteristics of produced seeds in two subsequent generations. The plant response was studied by measuring germination percentage (Ger), total protein content (TPC), total phenolic content (TPhC), total antioxidative activity (TAA), and catalase (CAT) activity. Results showed that maternal effects of the different nCeO2 treatments persist to at least the second generation in seeds. Generally, C. rubrum was more sensitive to nCeO2 treatments than S. alba. The coated nCeO2 were more effective than uncoated ones in both plant species; L- and P-CeO2 were the most effective in S. alba, while CeO2 and G-CeO2 had a dominant impact in C. rubrum. Enhanced germination in all tested generations of S. alba seeds recommends nCeO2 for seed priming.
Developing indicators to detect the use of fish-aggregating devices
Authors: Widodo Agustinus Anung , Wilcox Chris , Sadiyah Lilis , Satria Fayakun , Wudianto  , Ford Jessica , Hardesty Britta Denise
Published: March 2023

Context The growing demand for global food security has resulted in rising fishing intensity, sometimes leading to overexploitation of fish resources, including tuna. Increasingly, fishers are using anchored fish aggregating devices (aFADs) to improve efficiencies and reduce costs. Aims To identify locations and use patterns of FADs and characterise aFAD usage in Indonesia and beyond. Methods We identified general patterns of aFAD usage by tuna purse-seine, pole and line, hand-line and troll-line vessels operating in Indonesian waters through reviewing relevant literature and focal-group discussions. Key results aFADs usage can be characterised by gear type and fishing strategy; vessel behaviour; equipment and spare parts for aFADs installation; association with light; trip duration, catch per unit effort (CPUE), ratio of live bait to catch, fuel consumption; existence of aFAD floats on board vessels and by-catch composition. Conclusions aFAD usage has been widely adopted by both industrial and small-scale tuna fishers to efficiency. However, this efficiency comes at the cost of significant increases in catches of juveniles and non-target species, which raises sustainability concerns for Indonesian officials. Implications Ultimately, quantifying the numbers, types and locations of aFADs is key to fisheries management to avoid overfishing, overcrowding and limit by-catch and fishing-associated waste.
Using digital photography to monitor changes in biocrusts and ground cover in a savanna rangeland
Authors: Than Myint Swe  , Williams Wendy J. , Schmidt Susanne , Potgieter Andries , Cowley Robyn , Mellor Vincent , Driscoll Colin , Zhao Yan
Published: March 2023

Biocrusts form a living soil cover in Australia’s northern savannas, delivering essential ecosystem services. More accessible tools are needed to quantify and monitor ground cover, including biocrusts, as current methodologies are time-consuming, expensive, or specialised. At Victoria River Research Station (Northern Territory, Australia), long-term fire research plots were used to monitor the response of low vegetative ground and soil covers for different burning intervals and seasons. Mobile phone photographs were analysed using machine-learning software and a derived decision tree-based segmentation model (DTSM). The resulting data were compared to visual in-field assessment by trained researchers. Visual assessments and photographs were taken at two time points during the post-fire recovery period, mid-wet and dry seasons, at three burning intervals (2, 4, and 6 years) and for two different burning times, early or late dry season. DTSM-derived grass and litter cover were statistically similar to field observations in the burnt and unburnt plots. Biocrust cover derived from DTSM also matched field observations in fire treatments and unburnt control plots in the dry season, except when obscured by grass or litter. In the wet season, DTSM underestimated biocrust cover in some treatments, and DTSM did not detect biocrust obscured under dense grass cover. Nevertheless, biocrust pigment analysis confirmed a significant presence of biocrusts both on seemingly bare soil and under the grass canopy. We concluded that mobile phone photographs are suitable for monitoring dry-season ground cover. When similar colours of grass and litter cover were combined, the modelled accuracy reached 95–97%. With some refinements, DTSM analysis of photographs could accurately quantify the impact of fire disturbance on biocrusts and grass cover. However, it would be advantageous to improve the model by additional field records to determine how much biocrust occurs under the grass. This study provides land managers with an efficient method of recording ground cover over time to aid land-condition assessments.
Changes in land management practices have reduced wind erosion in the cropping areas of far south-western NSW, Australia
Authors: Leys John F. , Shields Tanisha , Murphy Sean R. , Koen Terry
Published: March 2023

Since the mid-1970s, approximately 250 000 ha of rangelands in semi-arid far south-western NSW, Australia, have been converted to cropping land use, resulting in substantial wind erosion. Wind erosion is of concern because of its adverse impacts on soils, agricultural production, aviation, energy supply, human health and ecosystem function. Over recent decades, multi-faceted extension programs have promoted sustainable land management practices to reduce wind erosion. Repeated biannual paddock surveys were undertaken between 2003 and 2022 to determine (1) the best land management practices (BMPs), that is, those that would reduce erosion while maintaining productivity and profitability, and (2) whether the use of the BMPs changed over time. The BMPs that reduce wind erosion included chemical fallow, standing stubble, and perennial pastures. Between 2003 and 2022, the proportion of sites with BMPs increased from 14% to 75%, and the proportion of sites with wind erosion fell from 23% to 9%. Practices that reduced ground cover and led to frequent erosion have declined, including tilled pasture, tilled stubble and grazed stubble. In drier years, livestock grazing crop stubble exacerbated the erosion hazard. In an attempt to understand where landholders obtain their information for land management practice change, the Western Local Land Services (LLS) conducted a social benchmarking survey in 2020 that indicated that the LLS was the third source of information for practice change after neighbours and other landholders, and stock and station agents. Although the LLS is a source of information, this study could not determine a causal link between LLS programs and practice change. Further research is required to test whether extension programs can reduce the overgrazing of stubble.
The WAVE complex drives the morphogenesis of the photoreceptor outer segment cilium
Authors: Spencer William J. , Schneider Nicholas F. , Lewis Tylor R. , Castillo Carson M. , Skiba Nikolai P. , Arshavsky Vadim Y.
Published: March 2023

The photoreceptor outer segment is a modified cilium filled with hundreds of flattened “disc” membranes responsible for efficient light capture. To maintain photoreceptor health and functionality, outer segments are continuously renewed through the addition of new discs at their base. This process is driven by branched actin polymerization nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex. To induce actin polymerization, Arp2/3 requires a nucleation promoting factor. Here, we show that the nucleation promoting factor driving disc morphogenesis is the pentameric WAVE complex and identify all protein subunits of this complex. We further demonstrate that the knockout of one of them, WASF3, abolishes actin polymerization at the site of disc morphogenesis leading to formation of disorganized membrane lamellae emanating from the photoreceptor cilium instead of an outer segment. These data establish that, despite the intrinsic ability of photoreceptor ciliary membranes to form lamellar structures, WAVE-dependent actin polymerization is essential for organizing these membranes into a proper outer segment.
RNF213 modulates γ-herpesvirus infection and reactivation via targeting the viral Replication and Transcription Activator
Authors: Tian Huabin , Yu Kuai , He Liang , Xu Hongtao , Han Chuanhui , Zhang Xiaolin , Wang Xinlu , Zhang Xuyuan , Zhang Liguo , Gao Guangxia , Deng Hongyu
Published: March 2023

Interferons (IFNs) and the products of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) play crucial roles in host defense against virus infections. Although many ISGs have been characterized with respect to their antiviral activity, their target specificities and mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a gammaherpesvirus that is linked to several human malignancies. Here, we used the genetically and biologically related virus, murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) and screened for ISGs with anti-gammaherpesvirus activities. We found that overexpression of RNF213 dramatically inhibited MHV-68 infection, whereas knockdown of endogenous RNF213 significantly promoted MHV-68 proliferation. Importantly, RNF213 also inhibited KSHV de novo infection, and depletion of RNF213 in the latently KSHV-infected iSLK-219 cell line significantly enhanced lytic reactivation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that RNF213 targeted the Replication and Transcription Activator (RTA) of both KSHV and MHV-68, and promoted the degradation of RTA protein through the proteasome-dependent pathway. RNF213 directly interacted with RTA and functioned as an E3 ligase to ubiquitinate RTA via K48 linkage. Taken together, we conclude that RNF213 serves as an E3 ligase and inhibits the de novo infection and lytic reactivation of gammaherpesviruses by degrading RTA through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway.
3D printing of responsive chiral photonic nanostructures
Authors: George Kyle , Esmaeili Mohsen , Wang Junyi , Taheri-Qazvini Nader , Abbaspourrad Alireza , Sadati Monirosadat
Published: March 2023

Finely controlled flow forces in extrusion-based additive manufacturing can be exploited to program the self-assembly of malleable nanostructures in soft materials by integrating bottom-up design into a top-down processing approach. Here, we leverage the processing parameters offered by direct ink-writing (DIW) to reconfigure the photonic chiral nematic liquid crystalline phase in hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) solutions prior to deposition on the writing substrate to direct structural evolution from a particular initial condition. Moreover, we incorporate polyethylene glycol (PEG) into iridescent HPC inks to form a physically cross-linked network capable of inducing kinetic arrest of the cholesteric/chiral pitch at length scales that selectively reflect light throughout the visible spectrum. Based on thorough rheological measurements, we have found that printing the chiral inks at a shear rate where HPC molecules adopt pseudonematic state results in uniform chiral recovery following flow cessation and enhanced optical properties in the solid state. Printing chiral inks at high shear rates, on the other hand, shifts the monochromatic appearance of the extruded filaments to a highly angle-dependent state, suggesting a preferred orientation of the chiral domains. The optical response of these filaments when exposed to mechanical deformation can be used in the development of optical sensors.
The paradox of adaptive trait clines with nonclinal patterns in the underlying genes
Authors: Lotterhos Katie E.
Published: March 2023

Multivariate climate change presents an urgent need to understand how species adapt to complex environments. Population genetic theory predicts that loci under selection will form monotonic allele frequency clines with their selective environment, which has led to the wide use of genotype–environment associations (GEAs). This study used a set of simulations to elucidate the conditions under which allele frequency clines are more or less likely to evolve as multiple quantitative traits adapt to multivariate environments. Phenotypic clines evolved with nonmonotonic (i.e., nonclinal) patterns in allele frequencies under conditions that promoted unique combinations of mutations to achieve the multivariate optimum in different parts of the landscape. Such conditions resulted from interactions among landscape, demography, pleiotropy, and genetic architecture. GEA methods failed to accurately infer the genetic basis of adaptation under a range of scenarios due to first principles (clinal patterns did not evolve) or statistical issues (clinal patterns evolved but were not detected due to overcorrection for structure). Despite the limitations of GEAs, this study shows that a back-transformation of multivariate ordination can accurately predict individual multivariate traits from genotype and environmental data regardless of whether inference from GEAs was accurate. In addition, frameworks are introduced that can be used by empiricists to quantify the importance of clinal alleles in adaptation. This research highlights that multivariate trait prediction from genotype and environmental data can lead to accurate inference regardless of whether the underlying loci display clinal or nonmonotonic patterns.
Monitoring the compaction of single DNA molecules in
Xenopus
egg extract in real time
Authors: Sun Mingxuan , Amiri Hossein , Tong Alexander B. , Shintomi Keishi , Hirano Tatsuya , Bustamante Carlos , Heald Rebecca
Published: March 2023

DNA compaction is required for the condensation and resolution of chromosomes during mitosis, but the relative contribution of individual chromatin factors to this process is poorly understood. We developed a physiological, cell-free system using high-speed
Xenopus
egg extracts and optical tweezers to investigate real-time mitotic chromatin fiber formation and force-induced disassembly on single DNA molecules. Compared to interphase extract, which compacted DNA by ~60%, metaphase extract reduced DNA length by over 90%, reflecting differences in whole-chromosome morphology under these two conditions. Depletion of the core histone chaperone ASF1, which inhibits nucleosome assembly, decreased the final degree of metaphase fiber compaction by 29%, while depletion of linker histone H1 had a greater effect, reducing total compaction by 40%. Compared to controls, both depletions reduced the rate of compaction, led to more short periods of decompaction, and increased the speed of force-induced fiber disassembly. In contrast, depletion of condensin from metaphase extract strongly inhibited fiber assembly, resulting in transient compaction events that were rapidly reversed under high force. Altogether, these findings support a speculative model in which condensin plays the predominant role in mitotic DNA compaction, while core and linker histones act to reduce slippage during loop extrusion and modulate the degree of DNA compaction.
The codification of nineteenth-century etiquette
Authors: Paternoster Annick
Published: March 2023

Etiquette has only marginally attracted the attention of politeness scholars. This article aims to fill a knowledge gap as it explores the concept in a more systematic way, using nineteenth-century prescriptive metasources from four countries (Britain, France, Italy and the United States). Etiquette is found to form a complicated, all-encompassing body of tendentially amoral, mandatory norms, adapting the minutiae of court protocol to private settings. Since the conventions of etiquette are sequentially structured as scripts with a social gatekeeping function, they can be seen as rituals – that is, schematic, performative interaction that is emotionally invested. Furthermore, given the combination of mandatory behaviour and a concern for rank (precedence), etiquette is seen as a manifestation of Discernment, although etiquette privileges non-verbal aspects of interaction, with less attention for language advice. I consider “etiquette” to be a historically and geographically situated first-order term for the analytical concept of Discernment: emerging in Europe and in North America in the late eighteenth century, it is still in use today.
In-situ integration and performance verification of large-scale PZT network for composite aerospace structure
Authors: Ren Yuanqiang , Zhang Suofeng , Yuan Shenfang , Qiu Lei
Published: March 2023

Piezoelectric transducer (PZT) based structural health monitoring (SHM) technology has been proved to be effective in increasing safety and reliability of composite aircraft structures. However, the attachment of PZT network to the host structure is considered as a weak link when facing the long term durability requirement of aerospace SHM, which should be overcome for aerospace SHM. In this paper, a surface-mounted co-curing method is creatively proposed to realize in-situ integration of large-scale PZT network and composite structure. By jointly controlling curing temperature and pressure, the proposed method can realize integration of large-scale PZT network and structural surface with high reliability and performance consistency. Compared with the conventional integration methods, the proposed method does not affect the manufacturing process or reduce the mechanical property of structure, and can be easily implemented whenever the host structure is available. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed integration method, a large-scale PZT network with an overall dimension of 1100 mm × 600 mm is integrated with a carbon fiber composite panel of wing box. The integration caused influence on functional integrity is first assessed by performing electro-mechanical impedance based theoretical analysis and experimental investigation. Then guided wave signals of the integrated large-scale PZT network are also acquired and analyzed, which proves the good signal repeatability and consistency of the network. At last, the SHM performance of the network is verified by conducting impact damages on the composite panel and performing damage monitoring, experimental results show that accurate monitoring is realized.
The trap in the early Universe: impact on the interplay between gravitational waves and LHC physics in the 2HDM
Authors: Biekötter Thomas , Heinemeyer Sven , No José Miguel , Olea-Romacho María Olalla , Weiglein Georg
Published: March 2023

We analyze the thermal history of the 2HDM and determine the parameter regions featuring a
first-order electroweak phase transition (FOEWPT) and also much less studied phenomena like
high-temperature electroweak (EW) symmetry non-restoration and the possibility of vacuum trapping
(i.e. the Universe remains trapped in an EW-symmetric vacuum throughout the cosmological
evolution, despite at T = 0 the EW breaking vacuum is deeper). We show that the presence of
vacuum trapping impedes a first-order EW phase transition in 2HDM parameter-space regions
previously considered suitable for the realization of electroweak baryogenesis. Focusing then on
the regions that do feature such a first-order transition, we show that the 2HDM parameter space
that would yield a stochastic gravitational wave signal potentially detectable by the future LISA
observatory is very contrived, and will be well probed by direct searches of 2HDM Higgs bosons at
the HL-LHC, and (possibly) also via measurements of the self-coupling of the Higgs boson at
125 GeV. This has an important impact on the interplay between LISA and the LHC regarding the
exploration of first-order phase transition scenarios in the 2HDM: the absence of new physics
indications at the HL-LHC would severely limit the prospects of a detection by LISA. Finally, we
demonstrate that as a consequence of the predicted enhancement of the self-coupling of the Higgs
boson at 125 GeV the ILC would be able to probe the majority of the 2HDM parameter space yielding
a FOEWPT through measurements of the self-coupling, with a large improvement in precision with
respect to the HL-LHC.
Rational wavefunctions in de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Goodhew Harry
Published: March 2023

The Bootstrap approach to calculating cosmological correlators relies on a well motivated
ansatz. It is typical in the literature to assume that correlators are rational functions as this
greatly increases our constraining power. However, this has only previously been demonstrated for
some specific theories. In this paper we find a set of assumptions which we prove are sufficient
to ensure that the wavefunction coefficients are rational. As a corollary of this we generalise
the manifestly local test to higher dimensions. This result greatly reduces the allowed space of
functions that wavefunction coefficients can take in both the Effective Field Theory of Inflation
and Pure Gravity models and is thus a key ingredient in the Cosmological Bootstrap program.
Research on Power Storage Optimization Operation Strategy for Wind-Photovoltaic Power Coupled Hydrogen Production
Authors: Tao Yongjin , Zhou Hengjun , Wu Gang , Xu Lijun , Gao Lang
Published: March 2023

Under the guidance of the “double carbon” development goal, new production and marketing methods of green energy, such as wind-photovoltaic coupling hydrogen production, are developing rapidly. Due to the lack of engineering experience, there is still a lack of corresponding strategies for capacity allocation and operation control of renewable energy coupled hydrogen production. Moreover, due to the strong volatility of landscape resources and the flexible adjustment ability of hydrogen production load, the accumulation of uncertainties at both source and charge will further affect the stability of system operation. Therefore, this paper first focuses on the scenario of a microgrid with wind-photovoltaic coupled hydrogen production, comprehensively considers the uncertainty factors of green hydrogen production, and takes economic optimization as the goal to construct an operation optimization typing model of microgrid based on energy storage. Secondly, the microgrid makes full use of the flexible characteristics of energy storage to balance the power supply and demand in the microgrid and to reduce the impact of the fluctuations of the distributed energy system on the grid. Then through the demonstration and analysis of specific examples, the configuration and operation strategy of the system power storage under the differential influence factors are obtained.
Research on Grid Connection Test of Energy Storage System Based on RT-LAB
Authors: Yang Shaobo , Hu Xuekai , Meng Zhengji , Peng Yan , Le Zhu , Wang Lanchao
Published: March 2023

As more and more energy storage systems are applied to support the safe operation of the power grid, it becomes more important to conduct grid connection tests. According to the latest national standards, the grid connection test scheme is studied on the basis of RT-LAB hardware in the loop simulation. Firstly, the structure of the Energy storage system(ESS) based on the energy storage inverter is analyzed, and the strategy of conduct and mathematical model of the energy storage system are introduced; Secondly, based on RT-LAB , conducted with FPGA, hardware in the loop simulation test platform is built to improve the calculation method in the simulation, improve the accuracy and speed of the simulation; Finally, on the basis of the above, the grid connection performance test scheme is introduced, the test method performance is described in detail on the condition of fault ride through of the energy storage system, and the results are analyzed in depth. The results shows that using RT-LAB hardware in the loop simulation can accurately simulate the grid connection test of the energy storage system and provide a reference for the test plan.
Intelligent Optimal Control Strategy of Heat Pump System Based on Digital Twins
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wu Qingpu , Li Hongyu , Zhang Ran , Li Jianfen , Jiang Fei , Liu Libo
Published: March 2023

In the context of the digital transformation of the power grid, digital twins, as one of the key technologies to promote the digital and intelligent development of the power industry, are still in the theoretical research stage. Focusing on the application of digital twin technology in the power industry, an intelligent optimal control strategy for heat pump system (HPS) based on digital twin technology is proposed. Firstly, the DOE-2 model of HPS and the prediction model of building heat load are established. Secondly, based on the real-time monitoring data, the improved quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for the rolling optimization of model parameters. Finally, the optimal control strategy of the HPS is formulated based on the comprehensive consideration of energy consumption, the number of startups and shutdowns, and the temperature control requirements of the HPS. The example results show that the digital twin model has high accuracy. Compared with the manual control method, the proposed optimal control strategy can effectively improve energy efficiency utilization and has a better control effect, providing technical support for the operation and management of HPS.
Low carbon economic operation of the IES based on improved fireworks algorithm
Authors: Zhu Liangliang , Yu Meng , Li Wenqing , Wang Yingqiu , Li Ye , Zhao Meng
Published: March 2023

In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by carbon emissions in the integrated energy system (IES), the economic benefits of the IES must be improved. Therefore, this study proposes a an economic and low carbon operation method of an IES based on an improved fireworks algorithm. Firstly, the analytical model of the IES with electrical heat and cooling load demand is constructed. Secondly, the model of optimization of low carbon operation of the IES is developed with the aim of reducing the total cost of the system operation and the cost of carbon trading. Finally, an improved firework algorithm is proposed for the calculation of the model. The simulation results on the IES show that our promised approach can minimize the operating cost of the IES and reduce the carbon emission of the system.
Research on Drag Reduction Flow Control Technology for High-Speed EMUs
Authors: Gao Na , Du Jian
Published: March 2023

In order to explore a new method of aerodynamic drag reduction for high-speed trains, the numerical calculation method based on SST k-ω was used to explore the influence of jets at different positions of the train body, joints, tail and different speeds on the turbulent flow field and aerodynamic drag around the train. The research results show that: the whole train with an all-inclusive windshield reduces the drag by about 8.17%; the bionic groove can reduce the drag by about 2.53%; there is a separate area at the rear of the train, and a partial air-inhalation drag reduction scheme is proposed. By calculation, the maximum drag reduction rate is 3.84%. The drag reduction scheme of the vortex generator is arranged locally. Through the calculation of 30 schemes, the maximum drag reduction rate is 3.25%.