bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the wave spectrum of the northern region of the Bay of Bengal based on Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) moored buoy data
Authors: Mansur M. , Enam F B , Baree M S
Published: February 2018

The wave spectrum of the northern region of the Bay of Bengal is developed and analyzed. A meticulous analysis shows variations of the wave spectrum of this region in the four meteorological seasons namely spring (March, April, May), summer (June, July, August), autumn (September, October, November) and winter (December, January, February). Real time wave data have been collected from a moored buoy of Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Service (INCOIS) located at 89.675° E longitude and 18.191° N latitude. Varyingtwo-parameter (mean wave period and significant wave height) wave spectra for the four seasons are obtained and formulae for all the four spectra are derived. The adequacy of the different spectra is indicated by comparing with different wave spectra of known formulations.
APPLICATION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES FOR FAULT DETECTION OF CLUTCH RETAINER OF TRACTOR
Authors: Bahrami Mostafa , Javadikia Hossein , Ebrahimi Ebrahim
Published: February 2018

This study develops a technique based on pattern recognition for fault diagnosis of clutch retainer mechanism of MF285 tractor using the neural network. In this technique, time features and frequency domain features consist of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) phase angle and Power Spectral Density (PSD) proposes to improve diagnosis ability. Three different cases, such as: normal condition, bearing wears and shaft wears were applied for signal processing. The data divides in two parts; in part one 70% data are dataset1 and in part two 30% for dataset2.At first, the artificial neural networks (ANN) are trained by 60% dataset1 and validated by 20% dataset1 and tested by 20% dataset1. Then, to more test of the proposed model, the network using the datasets2 are simulated. The results indicate effective ability in accurate diagnosis of various clutch retainer mechanism of MF285 tractor faults using pattern recognition networks.
Tensile Studies on Random Oriented Human Hair Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites
Authors: Rao P. Divakara , Kiran C. Udaya , Prasad K. Eshwara
Published: February 2018

Composite specimens are prepared by impregnating human hair in polyester resin. Randomlyoriented chopped Human hair with varied weight ratios and Fiber lengths are used for the present experimental study. The composites are compression moulded using hand layup technique. An attempt is made to find out the influence of fiber weight ratio and length on the Tensile strength and tensile modulus. Optimum Fiber weight ratio and Fiber length are identified for maximizing the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the Human hair polyester composites. Experiments are carried out as per the standards and results are discussed.Further, Tensile stress and Tensile Modulus of the composite at optimum fiber length are estimated using different theoretical models and are compared with the experimental results.
Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Male Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Bari Mohammad Zabed Jillul , Patwary Md Ismail , Hossain Md Delwar , Hye Azizul Qadar Md Abdul , Rahman Syed Mujibur
Published: February 2018

Osteoporosis is one of the systemic features of COPD. Aims and objective is to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in male COPD. In a cross-sectional study, we conducted dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone mineral density scans of the femoral neck and lumbar spine and collected data on smoking, duration of COPD, inhaled and oral corticosteroid treatment and staging by pulmonary function tests. We included 60 male patients with COPD, the mean age was 62.4 ± 8.1 years, smoking was 36.8 ± 17.2 smoking-pack year, duration of COPD was 5.4 ± 3.3 years, GOLD stage-III (56.7%) stage-IV (38.3%) and stage-II (5.0%), use of oral steroid (11.7%) inhaled steroid (63.3%) and none (25.0%). Normal bone mineral density was in 6 (10.0%), osteopenia in 24 (40.0%) and osteoporosis in 30 (50%) patients in femoral neck; whereas normal bone mineral density was in 4 (6.7%), osteopenia in 17 (28.3%) and osteoporosis in 39 (65.0%) patients in lumbar spine. Osteoporosis is highly prevalent in male COPD patients in both femoral neck and lumbar spine.Medicine Today 2018 Vol.30(1): 1-4
Effect of Rhesus Negative in Pregnancy
Authors: Khatun Jamila , Begum Ruly
Published: February 2018

Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rhisoimmunisation is a major cause to perinatal morbidity & mortality. Erythroblastosis fetalis is a disease of fetus and newborn due to incompatibility between fetal and maternal blood group. Diagnosis and therapy for Rh immunization improved considerably. Its prevention by immunoprophylaxis has been responsible for the reduction in the incidence of perinatal mobility. Still Rh immunization and erythroolastosis fetalis is responsible for many obstetric mishaps in our country. To see the pregnancy outcome of Rhesus negative women. This prospective study was carried out from October 2013 to March 2014 in Obstetrics & Gynecology department of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College & Hospital, Sylhet. 50 Rh-negative pregnancies were selected those who got admitted in department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SOMCH. 30.62% of the fetuses had blood group B+ve, 24.40% 0+ve and 20.40% A+ve. Regarding the perinatal outcome 76% were healthy, 4% still birth, 4% neonatal death, 14% with erythroblastosis foetalis and 4% developed hydrops. Mild anaemia and oedema was common in primi and multigravida patients. PET was found 6.2% in multigravida patients. APH and Hydramnios with congenital anomalies were 3.1% and 3.1% respectively. This study was undertaken to evaluate the outcome of pregnancy in Rh -ve women. It is preventable. Primary prevention of isoimmunization by giving combined antenatal and postnatal prophylaxis.Medicine Today 2018 Vol.30(1): 23-25
Un système de défense peu attesté sur l'oppidum du Barban à Fréjus (Var)
Authors: Gébara Chérine , Béraud Isabelle , Conte Albert , Laurier Françoise , Michel Jean-Marie
Published: February 2018

Dans le cadre d'une campagne de prospections sur la massif de l'Estérel, un aménagement particulier de l'accès sud-est de l'oppidum du Barban a été observé. Il s'agit de blocs de pierre bruts, plantés de chant en avant de l'entrée. Un sondage pratiqué s'est révélé stérile en matériel archéologique, mais a montré que l'aménagement était volontaire. Il pourrait remonter au IIe ou Ier s. av. J.-C. Les auteurs s'interrogent sur sa fonction, défensive ou cultuelle.
Historique des recherches sur l'oppidum d' Entremont à Aix-en-Provence
Authors: André Louis , Charrière Jean-Louis
Published: February 2018

L'oppidum celto-ligure d'Entremont, sur la commune d'Aix-en-Provence, fut découvert en 1817 par suite de la trouvaille sur le site de bas-reliefs représentant des têtes humaines et des cavaliers. Aucune fouille véritable n'y fut cependant pratiquée jusqu'à la découverte, en 1943, de nombreux fragments de statuaire lors du creusement d'une citerne pour l'armée d'occupation allemande. Dès 1946, l'archéologue Fernand Benoit ouvrit un grand chantier qui permit de dégager deux remparts, des rues, des maisons, des ateliers, un édifice public à colonnade et beaucoup de mobilier. Le terrain fut acquis par l'Etat et protégé. Après sa mort, en 1969, les fouilles ont été continuées par son collaborateur Robert Ambard, puis par divers universitaires ou membres du CNRS qui ont affiné sensiblement la connaissance du site.
Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Promotes Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Regulation of miR-301a in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Li Wei , Zhao Weidong , Lu Zhaohui , Zhang Wen , Yang Xuan
Published: February 2018

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) has been revealed to be associated with the progression of various cancers. However, the biological roles of GAS5 in esophageal cancer (EC) remain unclear. We aimed to thoroughly explore the functions of GAS5 in
EC. The results showed that GAS5 expression was increased in EC cells (ECA109, TE-1, TE-3, and EC9706) compared to SHEE cells. Knockdown of GAS5 decreased cell viability, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis in EC9706 cells. Moreover, miR-301a appeared to be directly sponged by GAS5,
and miR-301a suppression obviously alleviated the protumor effects of GAS5. Furthermore, miR-301a positively regulated CXCR4 expression, and overexpression of CXCR4 induced apoptosis and abolished the promoting effect of miR-301a inhibition on cell viability, migration, and invasion. Besides,
miR-301a blocked Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathways by regulation of CXCR4. Our results indicated that GAS5 promoted proliferation and metastasis and inhibited apoptosis by regulation of miR-301a in EC. These data contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms of miRNA‐lncRNA interaction and provides a novel therapeutic strategy for EC.
miR-135a Confers Resistance to Gefitinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Upregulation of RAC1
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Wang Ning
Published: February 2018

The EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib is used in therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the therapeutic efficacy of gefitinib is known to be impeded by mutations of EGFR. The aim of the present study was to reveal the role of miR-135a in gefitinib resistance
of NSCLC cells. Human NSCLC cell lines, NCI-H1650 and NCI-H1975, were transfected with miR-135a mimic/inhibitor or miR-135a inhibitor plus pEX-RAC1 (a RAC1-expressing vector). The effects of miR-135a and RAC1 expression on cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were then detected.
The transfected cells were exposed to 0‐20 μM gefitinib, and cell viability was then detected at 48 h posttreatment. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression changes of main factors in the PI3K/AKT pathway. miR-135a overexpression promoted viability, migration,
and invasion, but inhibited apoptosis of NCI-H1650 and NCI-H1975 cells. Cell viability was significantly reduced by gefitinib, and the LC50 values of gefitinib in NCI-H1650 and NCI-H1795 cells were 0.845 and 0.667 μM, respectively. miR-135a overexpression could increase cell
viability even under high concentrations of gefitinib. Rac1 was not predicted as a target of miR-135a, while miR-135a could upregulate the expression of RAC1. miR-135a promoted cell growth and metastasis and activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via a RAC1-dependent manner. To conclude,
this study demonstrated that miR-135a confers NSCLC cell resistance to gefitinib via upregulation of RAC1. Therapies designed to downregulate miR-135a may help NSCLC patients to overcome gefitinib resistance.
Understanding of International Trade and its Importance
Authors: Burinskienė Aurelija
Published: February 2018

The study deals with international trade and its importance. In this paper, the tendencies of international trade are presented, the importance of international trade to economic development is overviewed; the increase rates of international trade and gross domestic product in European Union, United States and China are compared. The paper also deals with international trade in different countries, and in Lithuania as well, with international trade perspectives in 2010.
European Retail Payments Market: New Opportunities to Mergers and Acquisition Transactions
Authors: Novickytė Lina
Published: February 2018

Most of European banks will not be able to allocate funds successfully participating in the SEPA. Some of them have to look for opportunities to reduce the cost in collaboration with other institutions in the execution of the payment or provision of services to carry out transmission of the third party. The other part will have to find a merger partner. In future there can be more active participants in the market lead to acquisitions. In order to assess possible changes in the payment market, noted that its participants – service providers – consolidation will be inevitable. The assessment of the Lithuanian bank sector shows that banks with the parent banks that invest and develop the activities of subsidiaries of banks, are likely to remain in the market. However, banks that are not ready to participate and get involved in a single market, will be taken over or disappear.
Intercultural Competence in the Context of Youth Non-Governmental Organisations’ International Activities
Authors: Palaimaitė Alvydė , Radzevičienė Asta
Published: February 2018

Increasingly growing necessity for international cooperation of Lithuanian youth non-governmental organization is analyzed in the article. The appropriateness of intercultural competence development for enhancing international activities of Youth non-governmental organization is examined. The results of empirical survey, which confirm the hypothesis that the lack of intercultural competence is the main barrier for international cooperation activities of youth non-governmental organizations, are presented. According to the theory and survey results, authors suggest the list of the main intercultural competences, which could become a core of human resource development in order to enhance international activities of non-governmental youth organizations.
The Problems of Management and Marketing of High Technology Services
Authors: Petrauskaitė Neringa
Published: February 2018

The article emphasizes the importance of high technologies sector development and complexity level it takes to reach it. Based on scientific literature analysis, including high technologies services features that involve short life cycle, inseparability from science and technologies, as well as existing infrastructure, to solve high technologies development issues, marketing and management methods should be applied. The specific features of the product of high technologies is the reason for high technologies services management and marketing problems that include high risk of business, exceptionally heavy investment and complicated launch of the product. Therefore, there is a need for other solutions, such as the ways to stimulate high technologies development and high technologies products intake and application that should be generated using management and marketing methods.
In the Crosshair: Astrometric Exoplanet Detection with WFIRST's Diffraction Spikes
Authors: Melchior Peter , Spergel David , Lanz Arianna
Published: February 2018

WFIRST will conduct a coronagraphic program that characterizes the atmospheres of planets around bright nearby stars. When observed with the WFIRST Wide Field Camera, these stars will saturate the detector and produce very strong diffraction spikes. In this paper, we forecast the astrometric precision that WFIRST can achieve by centering on the diffraction spikes of highly saturated stars. This measurement principle is strongly facilitated by the WFIRST H4RG detectors, which confine excess charges within the potential well of saturated pixels. By adopting a simplified analytical model of the diffraction spike caused by a single support strut obscuring the telescope aperture, integrated over the WFIRST pixel size, we predict the performance of this approach with the Fisher-matrix formalism. We discuss the validity of the model and find that

astrometric precision is achievable with a single 100 s exposure of an

or a

star. We discuss observational limitations from the optical distortion correction and pixel-level artifacts, which need to be calibrated at the level of

so as to not dominate the error budget. To suppress those systematics, we suggest a series of short exposures, dithered by at least several hundred pixels, to reach an effective per-visit astrometric precision better than

. If this can be achieved, a dedicated WFIRST GO program will be able to detect Earth-mass exoplanets with orbital periods of

around stars within a few pc as well as Neptune-like planets with shorter periods or around more massive or distant stars. Such a program will also enable mass measurements of many anticipated direct-imaging exoplanet targets of the WFIRST coronagraph and a “starshade” occulter.
The Spectroscopic Variations of the FU Orionis Object V960 Mon
Authors: Takagi Yuhei , Honda Satoshi , Arai Akira , Morihana Kumiko , Takahashi Jun , Oasa Yumiko , Itoh Yoichi
Published: February 2018

We present the results of the spectroscopic monitoring of the FU Orionis type star V960 Mon. Spectroscopic variations of an FU Orionis type star will provide valuable information of its physical nature and the mechanism of the outburst. We conducted medium-resolution (R ∼ 10000) spectroscopic observations of V960 Mon with the 2 m Nayuta telescope at the Nishi-Harima Astronomical Observatory, from 2015 January to 2017 January, for 53 nights in total. We focused on Hα line and nearby atomic lines, and we detected the strength variations in both absorption and emission lines. The observed variation in the equivalent width of the absorption lines corresponds to a decrease in effective temperature and increase in surface gravity. These variations were likely to originate from the luminosity fading of the accretion disk due to the decrease in mass accretion rate.
A Fast Radio Burst Search Method for VLBI Observation
Authors: Liu Lei , Tong Fengxian , Zheng Weimin , Zhang Juan , Tong Li
Published: February 2018

We introduce the cross-spectrum-based fast radio burst (FRB) search method for Very Long Baseline Interferometer (VLBI) observation. This method optimizes the fringe fitting scheme in geodetic VLBI data post-processing, which fully utilizes the cross-spectrum fringe phase information and therefore maximizes the power of single-pulse signals. Working with cross-spectrum greatly reduces the effect of radio frequency interference compared with using auto-power spectrum. Single-pulse detection confidence increases by cross-identifying detections from multiple baselines. By combining the power of multiple baselines, we may improve the detection sensitivity. Our method is similar to that of coherent beam forming, but without the computational expense to form a great number of beams to cover the whole field of view of our telescopes. The data processing pipeline designed for this method is easy to implement and parallelize, which can be deployed in various kinds of VLBI observations. In particular, we point out that VGOS observations are very suitable for FRB search.
The Complex Morphology of the Young Disk MWC 758: Spirals and Dust Clumps around a Large Cavity
Authors: Boehler Y. , Ricci L. , Weaver E. , Isella A. , Benisty M. , Carpenter J. , Grady C. , Shen Bo-Ting , Tang Ya-Wen , Perez L.
Published: February 2018

We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations at an angular resolution of 0.″1–0.″2 of the disk surrounding the young Herbig Ae star MWC 758. The data consist of images of the dust continuum emission recorded at 0.88 millimeter, as well as images of the 13CO and C18O J = 3–2 emission lines. The dust continuum emission is characterized by a large cavity of roughly 40 au in radius which might contain a mildly inner warped disk. The outer disk features two bright emission clumps at radii of ∼47 and 82 au that present azimuthal extensions and form a double-ring structure. The comparison with radiative transfer models indicates that these two maxima of emission correspond to local increases in the dust surface density of about a factor 2.5 and 6.5 for the south and north clumps, respectively. The optically thick 13CO peak emission, which traces the temperature, and the dust continuum emission, which probes the disk midplane, additionally reveal two spirals previously detected in near-IR at the disk surface. The spirals seen in the dust continuum emission present, however, a slight shift of a few au toward larger radii and one of the spirals crosses the south dust clump. Finally, we present different scenarios to explain the complex structure of the disk.
Absence of Reflection Features in NuSTAR Spectra of the Luminous Neutron Star X-Ray Binary GX 5–1
Authors: Homan Jeroen , Steiner James F. , Lin Dacheng , Fridriksson Joel K. , A. Remillard Ronald , Miller Jon M. , Ludlam Renee M.
Published: February 2018

We present NuSTAR observations of the luminous neutron star low-mass X-ray binary (NS LMXB) and Z source GX 5−1. During our three observations made with separations of roughly two days, the source traced out an almost complete Z track. We extract spectra from the various branches and fit them with a continuum model that has been successfully applied to other Z sources. Surprisingly, and unlike most of the (luminous) NS-LMXBs observed with NuSTAR, we do not find evidence for reflection features in any of the spectra of GX 5−1. We discuss several possible explanations for the absence of reflection features. Based on a comparison with other accreting neutron star systems, and given the high luminosity of GX 5−1 (∼1.6–2.3 times the Eddington luminosity, for a distance of 9 kpc), we consider a highly ionized disk the most likely explanation for the absence of reflection features in GX 5−1.
Ubiquitous and Continuous Propagating Disturbances in the Solar Corona
Authors: Morgan Huw , Hutton Joseph
Published: February 2018

A new processing method applied to Atmospheric Imaging Assembly/Solar Dynamic Observatory observations reveals continuous propagating faint motions throughout the corona. The amplitudes are small, typically 2% of the background intensity. An hour’s data are processed from four AIA channels for a region near disk center, and the motions are characterized using an optical flow method. The motions trace the underlying large-scale magnetic field. The motion vector field describes large-scale coherent regions that tend to converge at narrow corridors. Large-scale vortices can also be seen. The hotter channels have larger-scale regions of coherent motion compared to the cooler channels, interpreted as the typical length of magnetic loops at different heights. Regions of low mean and high time variance in velocity are where the dominant motion component is along the line of sight as a result of a largely vertical magnetic field. The mean apparent magnitude of the optical velocities are a few tens of km s−1, with different distributions in different channels. Over time, the velocities vary smoothly between a few km s−1 to 100 km s−1 or higher, varying on timescales of minutes. A clear bias of a few km s−1 toward positive x-velocities is due to solar rotation and may be used as calibration in future work. All regions of the low corona thus experience a continuous stream of propagating disturbances at the limit of both spatial resolution and signal level. The method provides a powerful new diagnostic tool for tracing the magnetic field, and to probe motions at sub-pixel scales, with important implications for models of heating and of the magnetic field.
Role of Interaction between Magnetic Rossby Waves and Tachocline Differential Rotation in Producing Solar Seasons
Authors: Dikpati Mausumi , McIntosh Scott W. , Bothun Gregory , Cally Paul S. , Ghosh Siddhartha S. , Gilman Peter A. , Umurhan Orkan M.
Published: February 2018

We present a nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic shallow-water model for the solar tachocline (MHD-SWT) that generates quasi-periodic tachocline nonlinear oscillations (TNOs) that can be identified with the recently discovered solar “seasons.” We discuss the properties of the hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic Rossby waves that interact with the differential rotation and toroidal fields to sustain these oscillations, which occur due to back-and-forth energy exchanges among potential, kinetic, and magnetic energies. We perform model simulations for a few years, for selected example cases, in both hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic regimes and show that the TNOs are robust features of the MHD-SWT model, occurring with periods of 2–20 months. We find that in certain cases multiple unstable shallow-water modes govern the dynamics, and TNO periods vary with time. In hydrodynamically governed TNOs, the energy exchange mechanism is simple, occurring between the Rossby waves and differential rotation. But in MHD cases, energy exchange becomes much more complex, involving energy flow among six energy reservoirs by means of eight different energy conversion processes. For toroidal magnetic bands of 5 and 35 kG peak amplitudes, both placed at 45° latitude and oppositely directed in north and south hemispheres, we show that the energy transfers responsible for TNO, as well as westward phase propagation, are evident in synoptic maps of the flow, magnetic field, and tachocline top-surface deformations. Nonlinear mode–mode interaction is particularly dramatic in the strong-field case. We also find that the TNO period increases with a decrease in rotation rate, implying that the younger Sun had more frequent seasons.
A Radio Continuum Study of Dwarf Galaxies: 6 cm Imaging of LITTLE THINGS
Authors: Hindson Luke , Kitchener Ged , Brinks Elias , Heesen Volker , Westcott Jonathan , Hunter Deidre , Zhang Hong-Xin , Rupen Michael , Rau Urvashi
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we examine to what extent the radio continuum can be used as an extinction-free probe of star formation in dwarf galaxies. To that aim, we observe 40 nearby dwarf galaxies with the Very Large Array at 6 cm (4–8 GHz) in C-configuration. We obtained images with 3″–8″ resolution and noise levels of 3–15 μJy beam−1. We detected emission associated with 22 of the 40 dwarf galaxies, eight of which are new detections. The general picture is that of an interstellar medium largely devoid of radio continuum emission, interspersed by isolated pockets of emission associated with star formation. We find an average thermal fraction of ∼50%–70% and an average magnetic field strength of ∼5–8 μG, only slightly lower than that found in larger, spiral galaxies. At 100 pc scales, we find surprisingly high values for the average magnetic field strength of up to 50 μG. We find that dwarf galaxies follow the theoretical predictions of the radio continuum–star formation rate relation within regions of significant radio continuum emission but that the nonthermal radio continuum is suppressed relative to the star formation rate when considering the entire optical disk. We examine the far-infrared–star formation rate relation for our sample and find that the far-infrared is suppressed compared to the expected star formation rate. We discuss explanations for these observed relations and the impact of our findings on the radio continuum–far-infrared relation. We conclude that radio continuum emission at centimeter wavelengths has the promise of being a largely extinction-free star formation rate indicator. We find that star formation rates of gas-rich, low-mass galaxies can be estimated with an uncertainty of ±0.2 dex between the values of 2 × 10−4 and 0.1 M
⊙ yr−1.
Les indications géographiques au regard de la théorie des communs
Authors: Fournier Stéphane , Biénabe Estelle , Marie-Vivien Delphine , Durand Claire , Sautier Denis , Cerdan Claire
Published: February 2018

Si, d’un point de vue théorique, les indications géographiques (IG) peuvent être considérées comme des biens de club ou des ressources communes, nous considérons que leur conception par les parties prenantes comme des ressources communes territoriales est un facteur clé de leur succès, via la coordination entre acteurs et l’articulation aux dynamiques territoriales que cela implique. À partir d’études de cas en Asie, Afrique et Amérique latine, nous montrons cependant la difficulté de l’instauration d’un mode de gestion approprié, du fait de la multiplicité des objectifs assignés aux IG, du possible désintérêt des acteurs si la valorisation de l’IG est jugée incertaine, et a contrario d’éventuelles appropriations par un groupe restreint si cette valorisation est avérée.
La stratégie antidrogue de l’Union européenne face au cannabis
Authors: Lambrette Grégory
Published: February 2018

L’auteur dresse un état des lieux du positionnement politique et des pratiques en découlant en matière de cannabis en Europe. Le texte aborde la question de la dépénalisation, de la décriminalisation et de la légalisation de l’usage récréatif du cannabis à partir d’expériences émanant de politiques publiques au sein de l’Union européenne. Sont également évoqués le cas des États-Unis ainsi que celui de l’Uruguay.
Foreign Direct Investment, Technological Innovation, and Export Performance
Authors: Bayramoglu Arzu Tay , Abasız Tezcan
Published: February 2018

This chapter's objective is to explore the effects of foreign direct investment inflows and technological innovations on export performance in developing Asian countries (Hong Kong, China, Indonesia, Singapore, India, Turkey, Malaysia, Vietnam, United Arab Emirates, and Thailand) in the period of 1990-2015 by using the panel cointegration technique. The empirical results reveal that there is a cointegration among the variables, and cointegration regression shows that the foreign direct investments, per income and patent applications, have a positive and statistically significant impact on export performance in developing Asian countries. The results reveal that the impact of patent applications is greater than the foreign direct investments on exports. Then, technological development affects exports positively in all countries in the sample, except for India and the United Arab Emirates.
Determinants of FDI Inflows in Developing Countries
Authors: Choudhury Dinesh Kumar , Rao Prabhakara
Published: February 2018

In the era of globalization, FDI plays an important role as it intensifies the interaction among the countries, regions, and firms. FDI is playing a crucial role in improving the infrastructural facilities of countries and enhancing economic situation especially in the developing countries. Another important aspect of FDI is it increases employment in domestic economies, which in turn reduces the poverty level and also promotes the competition in domestic markets. With these activities, the government earns more revenue, which can be used for developmental activities. In this context, the chapter makes an attempt to identify the determining factors of FDI inflows into developing economies by selecting nine developing countries for the time period 2000-2015. Due to the different characteristics of each of these countries, there is a lot of heterogeneity in the data. To reduce the heterogeneity among the selected economies, the authors propose employing a panel data approach to identify the factors that influence the FDI inflows.
FDI as a Factor of Improving the Competitiveness of Developing Countries
Authors: Domazet Ivana S. , Marjanović Darko M.
Published: February 2018

In the process of globalization of the world economy, foreign direct investment has a significant impact on economic growth and development of the national economy. To adequately facilitate the development of competitiveness, these countries usually intervene through measures and instruments of tax policy. One of the main tasks of developing countries is to create a favorable environment for investors, considering that this is one of the methods to ensure greater capital inflows. The main objective of this chapter is to assess the role of tax policy in achieving the competitiveness of developing countries. For the creators of tax policy, it is very important to constantly review the tax rules to ensure that the country is attractive for foreign investments. The results that were obtained indicate that tax incentives significantly influence the improvement of competitiveness and the attraction of multinational companies as a key holder of foreign direct investment.
FDI Inflows and Current Account Evidence From BIMSTEC
Authors: Rahman Nida , Rizvi Shehroz Alam
Published: February 2018

The liberalisation drive that swept across the globe post-1990s gave way to FDI in emerging as a catalyst of economic development for a majority of economic groups and nations. With the objective of realising economic development by transiting from debt flows to FDI flows, several economies tied up in regional groups in the Asian region to foster trade and investment sectors and other areas as well. In this regard, the BIMSTEC group came forth in 1997 as an initiative on the part of selected South Asian and South East Asian countries to collaborate and work together for the economic wellbeing of the member countries. The current account balance of the member nations and its nexus with inward FDI needs to be counted while forging over economic soundness of the participating nations. In this respect, the chapter attempts to search for evidences of causality among FDI inflows and current account balance across member countries of BIMSTEC group. The chapter utilises annual data for the member countries for a time frame ranging 1991-2014 from UNCTAD STATISTICS Database.
Design and Development of an Instructional Program for Teaching Programming Processes to Gifted Students Using Scratch
Authors: Durak Hatice Yıldız , Güyer Tolga
Published: February 2018

This chapter examines practical applications of an educational program designed to teach Turkish gifted second, third, and fourth grade students programming using Scratch, an online programming website (https://scratch.mit.edu). This qualitative research study was conducted with gifted identified students in an elementary school in Ankara's Altındağ district. Qualitative data collection methods were used. The study found program strengths included practical orientation, student independence, student free expression, computer literacy, and interdisciplinary connections. Additionally, providing a variety of tools and equipment, using Scratch, having a course web site, and on-line resource sharing were also seen as strengths by the participants. Perceived weaknesses were technical difficulties, the limited number of course hours, some of Scratch's negative features, inadequate help at particular points, and negative situations caused by gender and grade level differences. Results indicate preliminary knowledge of participant computer literacy as important to programming success.
Overview of Big-Data-Intensive Storage and Its Technologies
Authors: Segall Richard S. , Cook Jeffrey S.
Published: February 2018

This chapter deals with a detailed discussion on the storage systems for data-intensive computing using Big Data. The chapter begins with a brief introduction about data-intensive computing and types of parallel processing approaches. It also highlights the points that display how data-intensive computing systems differ from other forms of computing. A discussion on the importance of Big Data computing is put forth. The current and future challenges of storage in genomics are discussed in detail. Also, storage and data management strategies are given. The chapter's focus is then on the software challenges for storage. Storage use cases are provided like DataDirect Networks, SDSC, etc. The list of storage tools and their details are provided. A small section discusses the sensor data storage system. Then a table is provided that shows the top 10 cloud storage systems for data-intensive computing using Big Data in the world. Top 500 Big Data storage servers statistics are also displayed effectively by the images from Top500 website.
Visualization of Big Data Sets Using Computer Graphics
Authors: Ursyn Anna , L'Astorina Edoardo
Published: February 2018

This chapter discusses some possible ways of how professionals, researchers and users representing various knowledge domains are collecting and visualizing big data sets. First it describes communication through senses as a basis for visualization techniques, computational solutions for enhancing senses and ways of enhancing senses by technology. The next part discusses ideas behind visualization of data sets and ponders what is and what not visualization is. Further discussion relates to data visualization through art as visual solutions of science and mathematics related problems, documentation objects and events, and a testimony to thoughts, knowledge and meaning. Learning and teaching through data visualization is the concluding theme of the chapter. Edoardo L'Astorina provides visual analysis of best practices in visualization: An overlay of Google Maps that showed all the arrival times - in real time - of all the buses in your area based on your location and visual representation of all the Tweets in the world about TfL (Transport for London) tube lines to predict disruptions.
Visualization of Predictive Modeling for Big Data Using Various Approaches When There Are Rare Events at Differing Levels
Authors: Olinsky Alan , Quinn John Thomas , Schumacher Phyllis A.
Published: February 2018

Many techniques exist for predictive modeling of a bivariate target variable in large data sets. When the target variable represents a rare event with an occurrence in the data set of approximately 10% or less, traditional modeling techniques may fail to identify the rare events. In this chapter, different methods, including oversampling of rare events, undersampling of common events and the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique are used to improve the prediction outcomes of rare events. The predictive models of decision trees, logistic regression and rule induction are applied with SAS Enterprise Miner (EM) to the revised data. Using a data set of home mortgage applications, misclassification percentages of a target variable with a rare event occurrence rate of 0.8% are obtained by running a multiple comparison node. The percentage is varied from 0.8% up to 50% and the results are compared to see which predictive method worked the best.
Big Data and Its Role in Facilitating the Visualization of Financial Analytics
Authors: Vanani Iman Raeesi , Kheiri Maziar Shiraj
Published: February 2018

The business use of data analytics is growing rapidly in the accounting environment. Similar to many new systems that involve accounting information, data analytics has fundamentally changed task based processes particularly those tasks that provide inference, prediction and assurance to decision makers. Big Data analytics is the process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling Big Data to discover and communicate useful information and patterns, suggest conclusions, and support decision making. Big Data now pervades every sector and function of the global economy. These essays focus on the uses and challenges of Big Data in accounting (measurement) and auditing (assurance). The objective of this chapter is to examine how Big Data analytics will impact the accounting and auditing environment. This is important to practitioners as well as academics because they will be using data analytics in accounting and auditing tasks and will need to have an in-depth familiarity with financial analytics to effectively accomplish these tasks and make effective and efficient decisions.
Visualization and Storage of Big Data for Linguistic Applications
Authors: Ophir Dan
Published: February 2018

The following two main tendencies occur: 1) increase in the amount of the computational power around the world and increasing its sensitivity and functionality (communication, imaging, voice recording, position retrieval, etc.) causing growth of data; 2) decrease in the qualifications which are required to operate that computational power are two phenomena feeding themselves mutually: increasing the amount of PC's, Laptops, iPads, iPhones available with simpler and more intuitive operating instructions. This situation requires simplifying the data perception by the more developed human sense – the vision by untrained person even by a kid who doesn't know how to read and write. Such approach may easily make the media accessible to more and more people. Therefore, so called human interfaces are mainly supported by the vision, the most accurate human sense which demands developing the present methodology of visualizing huge data.
Big Data Analysis Techniques for Visualization of Genomics in Medicinal Plants
Authors: Kumar Hithesh , Chandramohan Vivek , Simon Smrithy M. , Yadav Rahul , Kumar Shashi
Published: February 2018

In this chapter, the complete overview and application of Big Data analysis in the field of health care industries, Clinical Informatics, Personalized Medicine and Bioinformatics is provided. The major tools and databases used for the Big Data analysis are discussed in this chapter. The development of sequencing machines has led to the fast and effective ways of generating DNA, RNA, Whole Genome data, Transcriptomics data, etc. available in our hands in just a matter of hours. The complete Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) huge data analysis work flow for the medicinal plants are discussed in the chapter. This chapter serves as an introduction to the big data analysis in Next Generation Sequencing and concludes with a summary of the topics of the remaining chapters of this book.
Visualizing Big Data From a Philosophical Perspective
Authors: Horne Jeremy
Published: February 2018

Big Data-wow! Look at the size of it! People are dazzled easily and impressed by the amount of data legions of developers can produce and moreover how they store it. But one should ask why so much data is being collected. Part of the answer is simple in light of scientific projects but why is there so much data on us? Such questions prompt this chapter on the philosophy of Big Data. After some background on definitions, origins and contemporary applications, the main discussion begins with thinking about Big Data from a complexity standpoint. Big Data is turned into knowledge but knowledge is extrapolated from the past and used to manage the future. Yet it is questionable whether humans have the capacity to manage contemporary technological and social complexity evidenced by our world in crisis and possibly on the brink of extinction. We are at the center of observation from which Big Data emerges, the overall human project being not only to create an artificial brain with an attendant mind but a society that might be able to survive what “natural” humans cannot.
Big Data Analytics and Visualization of Performance of Stock Exchange Companies Based on Balanced Scorecard Indicators
Authors: Vanani Iman Raeesi , Kheiri Maziar Shiraj
Published: February 2018

One of the major concerns of managers at stock exchange companies is the maximum and efficient use of limited resources to meet the unlimited users' demands and in particular, investors and company owners. Achieving this goal gets more complex everyday due to the changing environment and multidimensional economic pressures. It is necessary that managers know the process of effective data oriented measurement in every single aspect of a successful business. One of the most accredited and useful methods for evaluating performance is the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). In this chapter, researchers have focused on providing a model that evaluates the performance of companies based on a combination of BSC indicators and big data analytics and algorithms. The chapter's purpose is to indicate which analytics algorithms are most appropriate for each BSC indicator based on a deep review of broad literature as a measurement guideline for future researchers and practitioners.
Visualization Tools for Big Data Analytics in Quantitative Chemical Analysis
Authors: Dumancas Gerard G. , Bello Ghalib A. , Hughes Jeff , Murimi Renita , Viswanath Lakshmi Chockalingam Kasi , Orndorff Casey O'Neal , Dumancas Glenda Fe , O'Dell Jacy D.
Published: February 2018

Modern instruments have the capacity to generate and store enormous volumes of data and the challenges involved in processing, analyzing and visualizing this data are well recognized. The field of Chemometrics (a subspecialty of Analytical Chemistry) grew out of efforts to develop a toolbox of statistical and computer applications for data processing and analysis. This chapter will discuss key concepts of Big Data Analytics within the context of Analytical Chemistry. The chapter will devote particular emphasis on preprocessing techniques, statistical and Machine Learning methodology for data mining and analysis, tools for big data visualization and state-of-the-art applications for data storage. Various statistical techniques used for the analysis of Big Data in Chemometrics are introduced. This chapter also gives an overview of computational tools for Big Data Analytics for Analytical Chemistry. The chapter concludes with the discussion of latest platforms and programming tools for Big Data storage like Hadoop, Apache Hive, Spark, Google Bigtable, and more.
Setting Two-Tiered Price for Non-Instantaneous Deterioration
Authors: Shah Nita H. , Chaudhari Urmila B. , Jani Mrudul Y.
Published: February 2018

To survive in cut-throat competition of today's business, manufacture gives permissible delay in payment to retailer to increase demand of the product. Here, manufacturer provides permissible delay in payment to retailer. In this chapter, we study inventory control system of non-instantaneous deteriorating item with maximum fixed life-time and two-tiered pricing policy is adopted. The selling prices of product for the non-deteriorating period and the deteriorating period are different. Demand is a function of time and two-tiered selling prices which is more suitable for food industry. In the former, we consider the concept of preservation technology investment to preserve the product and reduce deterioration rate in the inventory system when deterioration start. In later view, we ignore the concept of preservation technology. Due to investment on preservation technology, demand of the product increases and retailer can earn more profit compare to without preservation.
Inventory Control Policies for Deteriorating Item With Preservation Technology, Quadratic Demand, and Trade Credit for a Single Supplier-Two Retailers Supply Chain
Authors: Shah Nita H. , Jani Mrudul Y. , Chaudhari Urmila B.
Published: February 2018

Nowadays in use of, the offer of delay payment from supplier is very remarkable implement to boost the market demand by attracting more retailers. Furthermore, offer of delay payment is advantageous for retailers as they do not have to pay the supplier immediately at the time of procurement. In this chapter, we study inventory policies with trade credit from a single supplier to two retailers. We consider the item with deterioration as loss of utility is the real situation of items like fruits, vegetables, juices, ice-creams, etc. To reduce deterioration of the item, vendor spends capital on preservation technology to preserve the item. Here, time dependent quadratic demand is discussed which is suitable for the items whose demand increases primarily and afterward it starts to decrease. Formerly, we present the centralized inventory system in which supplier and retailers willingly take joint decision. Succeeding, we address the decentralized inventory system in which a supplier and both retailers take individual decisions.
Stackcelberg Game Inventory Model With Progressive Permissible Delay of Payment Scheme
Authors: Widyadana Gede Agus , Shah Nita H. , Siek Daniel Suriawidjaja
Published: February 2018

Supplier has many schemes to motivate retailer to buy more and of them one is a progressive permissible delay of payment. Instead of analyst from the retailer side alone, in this chapter, we develop the inventory model of supplier and retailer. In reality, some suppliers and retailers cannot have collaboration and they try to optimize their own decision so we develop a Stackelberg Game model. Two models are developed wherein the first model supplier acts as the leader and in the second model, the retailer acts a leader. Since the models are complex, a hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is developed to solve the model. A numerical analysis and sensitivity analysis are conducted to get management insights of the model. The results show that a Stackelberg Game model for progressive permissible delay of payment is sensitive in varies values of the first and second delay interest rate if supplier acts as a leader. The retailer gets less inventory cost when he acts as a leader compared to when vendor acts a leader at high interest rate of the first and second delay period.