bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developments in the Developmental Approach to Intellectual Disability
Authors: Burack Jacob A. , Russo Natalie , Green Cathryn Gordon , Landry Oriane , Iarocci Grace
Published: February 2016

Based in classic developmental theory and in more than two centuries of ever increasingly sophisticated medical thinking and science, the developmental approach has transformed the theory, methodology, and interpretation of the study of persons with intellectual disability. The primary contributions include the differentiation among persons with intellectual disability by etiology, the application of developmental principles to the specific etiological groups, the emphasis on mental age (MA) (rather than chronological age; CA), and the consideration of the “whole person” along with his or her family and community. In debunking the monolithic approach to intellectual disability as a single disorder, the developmental approach allows for considerably more precision in the study of this population and the resultant rejection of common myths, albeit as part of a process that highlights the extent to which this field is a nascent one. In highlighting the broadening of the understanding of persons with intellectual disability, we review contributions from the study of social competence, language development, and family relations. We then introduce the potential impact and current limitations of the application of cutting‐edge technology in the study of neuroscience among persons with intellectual disability.
Traumatic Stress From a Multilevel Developmental Psychopathology Perspective
Authors: Douglas Bremner J.
Published: February 2016

This chapter reviews psychological trauma from a multilevel developmental psychopathology. This perspective holds that no single approach or discipline adequately encompasses the phenomenon of psychological trauma and how it interacts with development in terms of its impact on the individual. Rather, multiple levels are preferable, including the areas of neurobiology, psychology, psychopathology, and psychiatric diagnosis, individual, familial, societal, cultural, economic, and physical. To address all of these levels, an interdisciplinary team approach is required, with individuals who have expertise in as wide a range of fields as psychology, psychiatry, neurobiology, immunology, genetics, cardiology, internal medicine, statistics, radiology, physics, computer science, psychopharmacology, child development, philosophy and literature. The implication is that no single individual or specialty will have sufficient expertise and knowledge in enough areas to provide an appropriate characterization of the effects of trauma on the individual. Additionally, all of these areas will interact with developmental epoch in different ways. Use of the multilevel developmental psychopathology approach has the promise of being more helpful to individuals affected by psychological trauma.
A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Foster Care Research
Authors: Fisher Philip A. , Leve Leslie D. , Delker Brianna , Roos Leslie E. , Cooper Bryna
Published: February 2016

This chapter provides a developmental psychopathology perspective on foster care research. Empirical studies of foster children have existed for over 100 years, documenting risks faced by this population and instances in which foster children display remarkable resilience. Knowledge emanating from the published studies on foster children, especially where it intersects with research on other populations that have experienced early life adversity, has potential to shed light on how healthy development can be negatively affected, but also how it may be preserved, when adverse rearing conditions exist. Investigations in this area have been conducted across numerous disciplines. Following a brief history of foster care in the United States and elsewhere, we review what is known about nine topics that are germane to the study of foster children from a developmental psychopathology perspective and conclude with a discussion of the translational implications of prior research and directions for future research.
Memory Development, Emotion Regulation, and Trauma‐Related Psychopathology
Authors: Goodman Gail S. , Goldfarb Deborah , Quas Jodi A. , Narr Rachel K. , Milojevich Helen , Cordon Ingrid M.
Published: February 2016

Individuals with a history of trauma, particularly maltreatment, often have accurate memories for trauma‐related events. This does not mean that trauma never adversely affects autobiographical memory performance; indeed, some individuals with a trauma history reveal deficits in their memory performance while others at times show memory advantages over individuals without a trauma history. We posit here that individual differences in memory may be related in part to the emotion dysregulation and psychopathology resulting from the trauma and in part to the nature of the event to be recalled. In this chapter, we focus on the scientific literature on child maltreatment, trauma‐related psychopathology, and memory from a developmental psychopathology perspective. We summarize relevant theory and research on memory development, trauma‐related psychopathology symptoms, and psychophysiological and neuroscience processes relevant to child maltreatment. We also review behavioral studies on childhood trauma and autobiographical memory development. We discuss the translation of such research into clinical and legal practice. We conclude with future directions for research, with the hope of moving this crucial area of study forward to spawn new insights.
The Development and Ecology of Antisocial Behavior: Linking Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment
Authors: Dishion Thomas J. , Patterson Gerald R.
Published: February 2016

This chapter provides an overview of findings about the development of antisocial behavior from early childhood through young adulthood. Consistent with a developmental psychopathology framework, linkages are made between biology, relationship dynamics with parents and peers, and progressions from deficits in self‐regulation in early childhood, to antisocial behavior in childhood, and to various forms of adolescent problem behavior, including serious violence. Parent–child coercion and peer contagion continue to play out as key relationship dynamics that are linked to escalating problem behavior throughout development. Self‐regulation, parent–child coercion, and peer contagion are core targets of evidence‐based interventions shown to prevent and treat antisocial behavior from early childhood to adolescence. The scientific study of the development of antisocial behavior provides a model for the advantages of translational research to the design of effective interventions. Important future directions include a better understanding of unique developmental pathways relevant to adapting and tailoring interventions for antisocial behavior at various stages of development.
Toward a Developmental Psychopathology of Personality Disturbance: A Neurobehavioral Dimensional Model Incorporating Genetic, Environmental, and Epigenetic Factors
Authors: Lenzenweger Mark F. , Depue Richard A.
Published: February 2016

We propose a dimensional model of personality disturbance in which personality pathology develops as an emergent product defined by extreme values on interacting subsets of several major personality traits. Being at the extreme ends of the continua described in this model has marked effects on the threshold for eliciting those traits under stimulus conditions: marked effects on the extent to which the environment affects the neurobiological functioning underlying the traits. To explore the nature of development of extreme values on these traits, each trait is discussed in terms of three major issues: (1) the neurobiological variables associated with the trait; (2) individual variation in this neurobiology as a function of genetic polymorphisms; and (3) the effects of environmental adversity on these neurobiological variables through the action of epigenetic processes. It is noted that gene–environment interaction appears to be dependent on two main factors: (1) both genetic and environmental variables appear to have the most profound and enduring effects when they exert their effects during early postnatal periods, times when the forebrain is undergoing exuberant experience‐expectant dendritic and axonal growth; and (2) environmental effects on neurobiology are strongly modified by individual differences in trait‐like functioning of neurobiological variables. We present this model of the development of personality disturbance for its heuristic potential as an organizing framework for understanding personality disturbance, one that emphasizes the interaction between environmental and neurobiological variables in the development of this form of psychopathology.
Social Support and Developmental Psychopathology
Authors: Thompson Ross A. , Goodvin Rebecca
Published: February 2016

We rely on the support of other people in everyday experience, and considerable research documents the association of social support with psychological well‐being and coping with stress. Yet enlisting social support to address the needs of at‐risk children and families is challenging and often unsuccessful. We explore why this is so, discuss the specific characteristics of social support for children and youth, and profile the lessons of promising intervention strategies. In this chapter, we: (a) offer a definition and conceptualization of social support and its multiple functions; (b) discuss social support as it prevents stress and buffers stress; (c) consider the complex, bidirectional association between social support and stress; (d) examine social support in relation to the social relationships and social networks of children and their parents; (e) discuss cultural influences; and (f) profile research related to social support and the origins, maintenance, prevention, and treatment of developmental psychopathology.
The Effects of Early Psychosocial Deprivation on Brain and Behavioral Development: Findings from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project
Authors: Nelson Charles A. , Fox Nathan A. , Zeanah Charles H.
Published: February 2016

The institutional care of young, parentless children (be they orphaned or abandoned) is a practice that dates back centuries. Despite decades of research that document the hazards of institutional care, many countries throughout the world continue to rear children in institutions; indeed, current estimates place the number of parentless children living in institutions at approximately 8 million. The focus of this chapter is the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, which is a randomized controlled trial of foster care as an intervention for early institutionalization. It seeks to examine the developmental sequelae of early institutional rearing and whether placement into a family—in our case, high‐quality foster care—can ameliorate such sequelae. After discussing the context for launching this project and the history of institutional care in Romania, we describe our foster care intervention. We then turn our attention to describing the project itself and its main findings. We conclude by situating the project into a broader framework of developmental psychopathology.
Enhanced Collective Magnetic Properties Induced by the Controlled Assembly of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Chains
Authors: Toulemon Delphine , Rastei Mircea V. , Schmool David , Garitaonandia José Sáiz , Lezama Luis , Cattoën Xavier , Bégin‐Colin Sylvie , Pichon Benoit P.
Published: February 2016

1D assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles are of great potential for designing novel nanostructured materials with enhanced collective magnetic properties. In that challenging context, a new assembly strategy is presented to prepare chains of magnetic nanoparticles that are well‐defined in structure and in spatial arrangement. The 1D assembly of iron oxide nanoparticles onto a substrate is controlled using “click” chemistry under an external magnetic field. Co‐aligned single nanoparticle chains separated by regular distances can be obtained by this strategy. The intrinsic high uniaxial anisotropy results in a strong enhancement of magnetic collective properties in comparison to 2D monolayers or isolated nanoparticles. In contrast to the intensively studied bundle chains of nanoparticles, the finely tuned chain structure reported here allows evidencing a first order intrachain dipolar interaction and a second order interchain magnetic coupling. This study offers new insights into the collective magnetic properties of highly anisotropic particulate assemblies which have been investigated by combining superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, magnetic force microscopy, and ferromagnetic resonance.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Inhibit Tumor Progression in a Mouse Model
Authors: García‐Hevia Lorena , Villegas Juan C. , Fernández Fidel , Casafont Íñigo , González Jesús , Valiente Rafael , Fanarraga Mónica L.
Published: February 2016

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthetic interactions between particular nanomaterials with specific cells or proteins opens new alternatives in nanomedicine and nanotoxicology. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have long been explored as drug delivery systems and nanomedicines against cancer. There are high expectations for their use in therapy and diagnosis. These filaments can translocate inside cultured cells and intermingle with the protein nanofilaments of the cytoskeleton, interfering with the biomechanics of cell division mimicking the effect of traditional microtubule‐binding anti‐cancer drugs such as paclitaxel. Here, it is shown how MWCNTs can trigger significant anti‐tumoral effects in vivo, in solid malignant melanomas produced by allograft transplantation. Interestingly, the MWCNT anti‐tumoral effects are maintained even in solid melanomas generated from paclitaxel‐resistant cells. These findings provide great expectation in the development of groundbreaking adjuvant synthetic microtubule‐stabilizing chemotherapies to overcome drug resistance in cancer.
Monitoring of Vital Signs with Flexible and Wearable Medical Devices
Authors: Khan Yasser , Ostfeld Aminy E. , Lochner Claire M. , Pierre Adrien , Arias Ana C.
Published: February 2016

Advances in wireless technologies, low‐power electronics, the internet of things, and in the domain of connected health are driving innovations in wearable medical devices at a tremendous pace. Wearable sensor systems composed of flexible and stretchable materials have the potential to better interface to the human skin, whereas silicon‐based electronics are extremely efficient in sensor data processing and transmission. Therefore, flexible and stretchable sensors combined with low‐power silicon‐based electronics are a viable and efficient approach for medical monitoring. Flexible medical devices designed for monitoring human vital signs, such as body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, pulse oxygenation, and blood glucose have applications in both fitness monitoring and medical diagnostics. As a review of the latest development in flexible and wearable human vitals sensors, the essential components required for vitals sensors are outlined and discussed here, including the reported sensor systems, sensing mechanisms, sensor fabrication, power, and data processing requirements.
Assembly of Enantioenriched cis‐3a,8a‐Hexahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indole Scaffolds by Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Domino Reaction of Isocyanoacetates in the Presence of Cinchona‐Derived Chiral Phosphorus Ligands
Authors: Cheng Hengguang , Zhang Runmei , Yang Shiwei , Wang Min , Zeng Xiaofei , Xie Lingjie , Xie Chunsong , Wu Jing , Zhong Guofu
Published: February 2016

By using Cinchona‐derived chiral phosphines as catalytic ligands, enantioenriched cis‐3a,8a‐hexahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indoles (ent‐HPIs), which are core scaffolds in a large array of biologically active natural products, can be convergently assembled under mild conditions through the silver(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric domino reaction of readily available isocyanoacetates and 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)acrylates. Various functionalities can be tolerated in the reaction, affording enantioenriched HPIs in high overall yields and good enantioselectivities (up to 92% ees).

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Iridium‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of 1,10‐Phenanthrolines using Formic Acid as the Hydrogen Source
Authors: Xu Conghui , Zhang Lingjuan , Dong Chaonan , Xu Jianbin , Pan Yixiao , Li Yali , Zhang Hanyu , Li Huanrong , Yu Zhiyong , Xu Lijin
Published: February 2016

The iridium‐catalyzed highly regioselective transfer hydrogenation of a variety of 2‐substituted and 2,9‐disubstituted 1,10‐phenanthrolines under mild conditions with formic acid as the hydrogen source is described. In the presence of a catalytic amount of the iridium complex [Cp*IrCl2]2, the transfer hydrogenation proceeded smoothly in 1,4‐dioxane under ligand‐free conditions, exclusively leading to a range of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1,10‐phenanthroline products in high yields. The catalyst generated in situ from [Cp*IrCl2]2 and (R,R)‐(CF3)2C6H3SO2‐dpen [N‐(2‐amino‐1,2‐diphenylethyl)‐3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide] could efficiently catalyze the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of these 1,10‐phenanthrolines in isopropyl alcohol (i‐PrOH) to afford chiral 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1,10‐phenanthrolines in high yields with up to >99% ee. The key to the success of the reduction is the choice of solvent and hydrogen source.

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Copper(I) Oxide‐Mediated Cyclization of o‐Haloaryl N‐Tosylhydrazones: Efficient Synthesis of Indazoles
Authors: Tang Meng , Kong Yuanfang , Chu Bingjie , Feng Dan
Published: February 2016

An efficient synthesis of indazoles from readily accessible E/Z mixtures of o‐haloaryl N‐tosylhydrazones has been developed. The thermo‐induced isomerization of N‐tosylhydrazones is discussed. A series of valuable indazole derivatives are prepared in good yields, and the method has been successfully applied to the synthesis of the bioactive compounds, lonidamine, AF‐2785, axitinib, YC‐1 and YD‐3.

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Overcoming Electrode‐Induced Losses in Organic Solar Cells by Tailoring a Quasi‐Ohmic Contact to Fullerenes via Solution‐Processed Alkali Hydroxide Layers
Authors: Zhang Hong , Shallcross R. Clayton , Li Ning , Stubhan Tobias , Hou Yi , Chen Wei , Ameri Tayebeh , Turbiez Mathieu , Armstrong Neal R. , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: February 2016

It is shown that the performance of inverted organic solar cells can be significantly improved by facilitating the formation of a quasi‐ohmic contact via solution‐processed alkali hydroxide (AOH) interlayers on top of n‐type metal oxide (aluminum zinc oxide, AZO, and zinc oxide, ZnO) layers. AOHs significantly reduce the work function of metal oxides, and are further proven to effectively passivate defect states in these metal oxides. The interfacial energetics of these electron collecting contacts with a prototypical electron acceptor (C60) are investigated to reveal the presence of a large interface dipole and a new interface state between the Fermi energy and the C60 highest occupied molecular orbital for AOH‐modified AZO contacts. These novel interfacial gap states are a result of ground‐state electron transfer from the metal hydroxide‐functionalized AZO contact to the adsorbed molecules, which are hypothesized to be electronically hybridized with the contact. These interface states tail all the way to the Fermi energy, providing for a highly n‐doped (metal‐like) interfacial molecular layer. Furthermore, the strong “light‐soaking” effect is no longer observed in devices with a AOH interface.
Analytic soliton solutions of cubic‐quintic Ginzburg‐Landau equation with variable nonlinearity and spectral filtering in fiber lasers
Authors: Huang Long‐Gang , Pang Li‐Hui , Wong Pring , Li Yan‐Qing , Bai Shao‐Yi , Lei Ming , Liu Wen‐Jun
Published: February 2016

In fiber lasers, the study of the cubic‐quintic complex Ginzburg‐Landau equations (CGLE) has attracted much attention. In this paper, four families (kink solitons, gray solitons, Y‐type solitons and combined solitons) of exact soliton solutions for the variable‐coefficient cubic‐quintic CGLE are obtained via the modified Hirota method. Appropriate parameters are chosen to investigate the properties of solitons. The influences of nonlinearity and spectral filtering effect are discussed in these obtained exact soliton solutions, respectively. Methods to amplify the amplitude and compress the width of solitons are put forward. Numerical simulation with split‐step Fourier method and fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta algorithm are carried out to validate some of the analytic results. Transformation from the variable‐coefficient cubic‐quintic CGLE to the constant coefficients one is proposed. The results obtained may have certain applications in soliton control in fiber lasers, and may have guiding value in experiments in the future.

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The compact radio structure of the high‐redshift quasar OQ172
Authors: Liu Y. , Jiang D. R. , Gu M. , Gurvits L. I.
Published: February 2016

The GHz‐Peaked Spectrum (GPS) quasar OQ172 (J1445+0958) has an extremely high rest‐frame rotation measure (RM > 20000 rad m–2) and an RM gradient in its inner nucleus. Its jet observed with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is strongly bent along an arc spanning > 100 pc. Near infrared (NIR) spectra reveal an unusually large [O III] line width which suggests a large mass within the NLR and/or strong interactions between the emerging jet and the dense material therein. We present our VLBI Space Observatory Programme (VSOP) and Multi‐frequency Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observation of the GPS quasar OQ172. The observations will help us to explore the VLBI radio properties and to better understand the circumnuclear environment of OQ172. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identifying High Frequency Peakers using the Korean VLBI Network
Authors: Jeong Y. , Sohn B. W. , Chung A. , Park S. , Park P.
Published: February 2016

High Frequency Peakers (HFPs) are known to be promising targets to study the AGN properties at their very early evolutionary stage. To date, HFP classification has been usually relied on the spectral shape with the relatively sparse or short time range monitoring. However, HFP samples are often contaminated by blazars which are compact and highly variable, and hence may behave in similar ways to HFPs. In this work, we challenge to identify genuine young AGNs by long‐term monitoring of HFP candidates at high radio frequencies. We performed single‐dish monitoring of 19 candidates in 18 epochs over 2.5 years at 22 and 43 GHz simultaneously, using the Korean VLBI Network (KVN). Also, using the KVN and VERA array (KaVA), we carried out 22 and 43 GHz VLBI observations of seven candidates from our sample, and investigated their parsec‐scale (milli‐arcsecond scale) morphology. We discuss the results of the source classification from our long‐term single dish monitoring observation and the preliminary results of follow‐up VLBI observation. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Galaxy‐scale AGN feedback – theory
Authors: Wagner A. Y. , Bicknell G. V. , Umemura M. , Sutherland R. S. , Silk J.
Published: February 2016

Powerful relativistic jets in radio galaxies are capable of driving strong outflows but also inducing star‐formation by pressure‐triggering collapse of dense clouds. We review theoretical work on negative and positive active galactic nuclei feedback, discussing insights gained from recent hydrodynamical simulations of jet‐driven feedback on galaxy scales that are applicable to compact radio sources. The simulations show that the efficiency of feedback and the relative importance of negative and positive feedback depend strongly on interstellar medium properties, especially the column depth and spatial distribution of clouds. Negative feedback is most effective if clouds are distributed spherically and individual clouds have small column depths, while positive feedback is most effective if clouds are predominantly in a disc‐like configuration. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Radio spectra of High Frequency Peakers
Authors: Dallacasa D. , Orienti M.
Published: February 2016

New radio spectra of High Frequency Peakers (HFP) obtained from the Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) show that variability is common among this class of sources. A subsample of sources have been observed with a nearly continuous spectral sampling between 1 and 10 GHz. The observed HFP sources were previously classified as F (flat), H (HFP profile with little or no flux density variability) and V (variable, but preserving a peaked spectrum). In general, sources classified as V and H show a decrease of the flux density measured in the optically thin part of the spectrum, while there is a moderate increment in the optically thick region, resulting into a progressive shift of the spectral peak to lower frequencies. This is consistent with the idea of an expanding bubble of radio plasma. The sources with an F classification instead show substantial variability, both in spectral shape and in time evolution. In these HFP sources an irregular production of energy is best observed since the radio emission is dominated by recently generated relativistic plasma, and the contribution of mini lobes, in which old plasma accumulates, is marginal if not absent at all, given the short radiative life of electrons in strong magnetic fields (tens of mG) found in these objects. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of weak permanent magnetic field on lipid composition and content in perilla leaves
Authors: Novitskii Yurii , Novitskaya Galina , Serdyukov Yurii
Published: February 2016

Composition and content of lipids were studied in leaves of red perilla plants (Perilla nankinensis [Lour.] Decne.) grown in weak permanent horizontal magnetic field (PMF) of 500 µT flux density under controlled illumination, temperature, and humidity in the phytothron chamber. Control plants were grown under similar conditions, but without PMF exposure. Exposure of perilla plants for a month to PMF retarded plant flowering as compared to control. PMF treatment increased total lipid content, including polar lipids, among them glycolipids and phospholipids. PMF did not affect content of neutral lipids. It is concluded that PMF stimulated synthesis of membrane lipids of chloroplasts, mitochondria, and cytoplasm in perilla leaves. A possible role of PMF as a factor imitating the additional light source retarding flowering of a short‐day perilla plants is discussed. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:108–115, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osedax und Osedacoides – Neues über alte Organisationsformen im Tierreich
Authors: Karl Hans‐Volker
Published: February 2016

Knapp 15 Jahre ist es her, dass am Tiefseeboden in gefallenen Walknochen Würmer gefunden wurden, die als letzte Verwerter in der Nahrungskette den Knochen auflösen. Vorher war es technisch einfach nicht möglich, einen Walkadaver über einen längeren Zeitraum zu beobachten und die Dynamik der submarinen Leichengesellschaften zu studieren. Vermutlich sind die Osedacoides nicht auf Wale spezialisiert, sondern taten sich auch in vergangenen erdgeschichtlichen Epochen schon an Kadavern gütlich, wie Bohrlöcher in Fossilien zeigen.
The attitudes of medical students toward the importance of understanding classical Greek and Latin in the development of an anatomical and medical vocabulary
Authors: Stephens Shiby , Moxham Bernard John
Published: February 2016

Students on entering medical school are faced with acquiring new, and voluminous, anatomical and medical terminologies. A reason why acquiring these terminologies may be problematic relates to the fact that many terms are derived from classical Greek and Latin; languages nowadays that are rarely taught at school. It might also be supposed that the often reported reduction in exposure to anatomy, and time spent in the dissection room, impairs the students' knowledge and understanding of anatomical relationships, and thus further complicates the acquisition of the terminologies. To date, there have been no studies that have quantified the attitudes of medical students toward the importance of understanding classical Greek and Latin during their medical training. In order to assess these attitudes, this study was undertaken for the newly‐recruited (First Year) medical students and for the Final Year medical students at Cardiff University. They were provided with a brief questionnaire that was devised in accordance with Thurstone and Chave (1951) principles and with ethical approval. One hundred and eighty First Year students and one hundred and nineteen Final Year students responded. Our initial hypothesis was that students throughout the medical curriculum have an unfavorable attitude toward the importance of classical Greek and Latin. This hypothesis was supported by the attitudes of the Final Year students but not by the First Year medical students. While we would still advocate that First Year medical students should acquire some understanding of and have some formal or informal instruction in, classical Greek and Latin as they pertain to medical terminologies, we acknowledge that Final Year students are likely to have become reasonably well‐versed in the origins of medical terminologies without formal instruction. Clin. Anat. 29:696–701, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of adherence to a 12‐week exercise program among men treated for prostate cancer: ENGAGE study
Authors: Craike Melinda , Gaskin Cadeyrn J. , Courneya Kerry S. , Fraser Steve F. , Salmon Jo , Owen Patrick J. , Broadbent Suzanne , Livingston Patricia M.
Published: February 2016

Understanding the factors that influence adherence to exercise programs is necessary to develop effective interventions for people with cancer. We examined the predictors of adherence to a supervised exercise program for participants in the ENGAGE study – a cluster randomized controlled trial that assessed the efficacy of a clinician‐referred 12‐week exercise program among men treated for prostate cancer. Demographic, clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial data from 52 participants in the intervention group were collected at baseline through self‐report and medical records. Adherence to the supervised exercise program was assessed through objective attendance records. Adherence to the supervised exercise program was 80.3%. In the univariate analyses, cancer‐specific quality of life subscales (role functioning r = 0.37, P = 0.01; sexual activity r = 0.26, P = 0.06; fatigue r = −0.26, P = 0.06, and hormonal symptoms r = −0.31, P = 0.03) and education (d = −0.60, P = 0.011) were associated with adherence. In the subsequent multivariate analysis, role functioning (B = 0.309, P = 0.019) and hormonal symptoms (B = −0.483, P = 0.054) independently predicted adherence. Men who experienced more severe hormonal symptoms had lower levels of adherence to the exercise program. Those who experienced more positive perceptions of their ability to perform daily tasks and leisure activities had higher levels of adherence to the exercise program. Hormonal symptoms and role functioning need to be considered when conducting exercise programs for men who have been treated for prostate cancer.
Can “true bifurcation lesion” actually be regarded as an independent risk factor of acute side branch occlusion after main vessel stenting?: A retrospective analysis of 1,200 consecutive bifurcation lesions in a single center
Authors: Chen Xuhua , Zhang Dong , Yin Dong , Li Jia , Zhao Zhiyong , Wang Hao , Yang Yuejin , Xu Bo , Dou Kefei
Published: February 2016

Objectives

True bifurcation lesion (TBL) is conventionally considered as a risk factor for acute side branch (SB) occlusion when using a single‐stent strategy to treat bifurcation lesions. The impact of TBLs on acute SB occlusion after main vessel (MV) stenting was investigated.

Methods

A total of 1,170 consecutive patients with 1,200 bifurcation lesions undergoing one‐stent or provisional two‐stent techniques were studied. The TBLs were divided into two groups depending on their Medina classification. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of acute SB occlusion. According to the median diameter of stenosis (DS) in the MV and the SB after pre‐dilatation, the TBL group was divided into three subgroups: subgroup I (DS of both the MV and the SB <their respective medians), subgroup II (DS of one of the MV or the SB ≥its respective median), and subgroup III (DS of both the MV and the SB ≥their respective medians). The incidences of SB occlusion in these three subgroups were compared.

Results

Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TBL occurrence was not independently predictive of SB occlusion. Based on subgroup analysis, the incidence of SB occlusion in subgroup I (7.4%) was significantly lower than that in subgroup II (13.0%) and subgroup III (22.0%) (P = 0.025). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of SB occlusion between TBL subgroup I (7.4%) and the non‐TBL group (5.1%) (P = 0.53).

Conclusions

TBL occurrence cannot be regarded as an independent predictor of acute SB occlusion after MV stenting. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethanol‐Responsive Poly(Vinylidene Difluoride) Membranes with Nanogels as Functional Gates
Authors: Xie Rui , Song Xiao‐Lu , Luo Feng , Liu Zhuang , Wang Wei , Ju Xiao‐Jie , Chu Liang‐Yin
Published: February 2016

An ethanol‐responsive poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) membrane with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanogels as functional gates is prepared via vapor‐induced phase separation (VIPS). The introduction of PNIPAM nanogels leads to generation of cellular‐like membrane pores from a bicontinuous structure. The water permeability and mechanical strength of blank PVDF membranes are higher than those formulated by the liquid‐induced phase separation process. The blended membranes exhibit satisfactory ethanol‐responsive and thermo‐responsive characteristics. The operation temperature and the content of PNIPAM nanogels in the blended membranes significantly influence the ethanol‐responsive characteristics.
Industrial Crystallization in China
Authors: Gong Junbo , Wang Yan , Du Shichao , Dong Weibing , Yu Bo , Wu Songgu , Hou Jie , Wang Jingkang
Published: February 2016

The latest developments of industrial crystallization in China are reviewed. This includes the introduction of representative scientists and institutions promoting the progress of Chinese industrial crystallization. Additionally, primary application fields related to industrial crystallization are outlined to give an overview of the current research trends in China. National and international industrial crystallization meetings held in China are also presented. Finally, the expectations for the future research activities in the field of industrial crystallization in China are briefly described.
Stable ‐ESiMe3 Complexes of CuI and AgI (E=S, Se) with NHCs: Synthons in Ternary Nanocluster Assembly
Authors: Azizpoor Fard Mahmood , Levchenko Tetyana I. , Cadogan Carolyn , Humenny William J. , Corrigan John F.
Published: February 2016

As a part of efforts to prepare new “metallachalcogenolate” precursors and develop their chemistry for the formation of ternary mixed‐metal chalcogenide nanoclusters, two sets of thermally stable, N‐heterocyclic carbene metal–chalcogenolate complexes of the general formula [(IPr)Ag−ESiMe3] (IPr=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene; E=S, 1; Se, 2) and [(iPr2‐bimy)Cu−ESiMe3]2 (iPr2‐bimy=1,3‐diisopropylbenzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene; E=S, 4; Se, 5) are reported. These are prepared from the reaction between the corresponding carbene metal acetate, [(IPr)AgOAc] and [(iPr‐bimy)CuOAc] respectively, and E(SiMe3)2 at low temperature. The reaction of [(IPr)Ag−ESiMe3] 1 with mercury(II) acetate affords the heterometallic complex [{(IPr)AgS}2Hg] 3 containing two (IPr)Ag−S− fragments bonded to a central HgII, representing a mixed mercury–silver sulfide complex. The reaction of [(iPr2‐bimy)Cu‐SSiMe3]2, which contains a smaller N‐heterocyclic‐carbene, with mercuric(II) acetate affords the high nuclearity cluster, [(iPr2‐bimy)6Cu10S8Hg3] 6. The new N‐heterocyclic carbene metal–chalcogenolate complexes 1, 2, 4, 5 and the ternary mixed‐metal chalcogenolate complex 3 and cluster 6 have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H and 13C), elemental analysis and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
A Luminescent Metal–Organic Framework Thermometer with Intrinsic Dual Emission from Organic Lumophores
Authors: Zhang Hao , Lin Chensheng , Sheng Tianlu , Hu Shengmin , Zhuo Chao , Fu Ruibiao , Wen Yuehong , Li Haoran , Su Shaodong , Wu Xintao
Published: February 2016

A new mixed‐ligand metal–organic framework (MOF), ZnATZ‐BTB, has been constructed as a luminescent ratiometric thermometer by making use of the intrinsic dual emission at cryogenic temperatures. Its twofold interpenetrated network promotes the Dexter energy transfer (DET) between the mixed organic lumophores. The temperature‐dependent luminescent behavior arises from the thermal equilibrium between two separated excited states coupled by DET, which is confirmed by Boltzmann distribution fitting. The small excited‐state energy gap allows ZnATZ‐BTB to measure and visualize cryogenic temperatures (30–130 K) with significantly high relative sensitivity (up to 5.29 % K−1at 30 K). Moreover, it is the first example of a ratiometric MOF thermometer the dual emitting sources of which are widely applicable mixed organic ligands, opening up new opportunities for designing such devices.
Induced Correspondence of a Local π‐Aromatic Sextet in Heteroannulenes: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Mallick Abhijit , Oh Juwon , Kim Dongho , Ishida Masatoshi , Furuta Hiroyuki , Rath Harapriya
Published: February 2016

Acid‐catalyzed [3+3] condensation reactions of two hitherto unknown tripyrrane moieties with pentafluorobenzaldehyde has led to the formation of new generation heteroannulene (4.1.4.1) and mutant heteroannulene (1.1.1.1.1.1). Inclusion of local π‐aromatic sextets, namely the N‐methyl pyrrole rings through β,β‐linkages and α,β‐linkages, has led to the isolation of first ever heteroannulenes cross‐conjugated at four points and two points respectively within the macrocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structures of ASb(SO4)2 (A: K, Cs).
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Mei Dajiang , Xu Jingli , Wu Yuandong
Published: February 2016

Single crystals of the title compounds are obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of M2SO4 (M: K, Cs) and Sb2O3 with 98% H2SO4 (porcelain crucible, 230 °C resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Isovalent Substitution on the Structure and Properties of the Zintl Phase Solid Solution Eu7Cd4Sb8‐xAsx (2 ≤ x ≤ 5).
Authors: Cooley Joya , Kazem Nasrin , Zaikina Julia V. , Fettinger James C. , Kauzlarich Susan M.
Published: February 2016

Eu7Cd4Sb8‐xAsx (x = 2, 3, 4, and 5) solid solutions are prepared from the elements in a molten Sn flux (alumina crucible in evacuated silica tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of the Thermochromic Bis(diethylammonium) Tetrachloridocuprate(II) Complex.
Authors: Aldrich Emily P. , Bussey Katherine A. , Connell Jennifer R. , Reinhart Erin F. , Oshin Kayode D. , Mercado Brandon Q. , Oliver Allen G.
Published: February 2016

(Et2NH2)2[CuCl4] crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with Z = 8 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Whole‐Visible‐Light Absorption of a Mixed‐Valence Silver Vanadate Semiconductor Stemming from an Assistant Effect of d—d Transition.
Authors: Dong Hongjun , Chen Gang , Sun Jingxue , Li Chunmei , Hu Yidong , Han Zhonghui
Published: February 2016

Whole‐visible‐light absorption (≤900 nm) is achieved for a mixed‐valence Ag0.68V2O5 semiconductor photocatalyst which is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of AgNO3 and V2O5 in an aqueous solution also containing PVP (autoclave, 140 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature Salt Flux Crystal Growth of new Lanthanide Molybdenum Oxides, Ln5Mo2O12 Ln: Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er: Magnetic Coupling within Mixed Valent Mo(IV/V) Rutile‐Like Chains.
Authors: Cortese Anthony J. , Abeysinghe Dileka , Wilkins Branford , Smith Mark D. , Morrison Gregory , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: February 2016

The title compounds are prepared in a molten salt flux (eutectic CsCl/NaCl) using 1:2:0.5 molar mixtures of Ln2O3, MoO3, and Mo (evacuated silica tubes, 800 °C, 24 h; cooling to 400 °C at a rate of 0.1 °C/min).
ChemInform Abstract: Anion—Anion Bonding and Topology in Ternary Iridium Seleno—Stannides.
Authors: Trump Benjamin A. , Tutmaher Jake A. , McQueen Tyrel M.
Published: February 2016

IrSn0.45Se1.55 (I), Ir2Sn3Se3 (II), and Ir2SnSe5 (III) are prepared by heating stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (silica tubes with 1‐3 atm of Ar, 500 °C) followed by repeated annealing at 950 °C (I), 750 °C (II), or 780 °C (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Williamson Ether Synthesis with Phenols at a Tertiary Stereogenic Carbon: Formal Enantioselective Phenoxylation of β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Shibatomi Kazutaka , Kotozaki Manato , Sasaki Nozomi , Fujisawa Ikuhide , Iwasa Seiji
Published: February 2016

For the first time, the enantioselective synthesis of α‐aryloxy‐β‐keto esters through the sequential enantioselective chlorination of cyclic and non‐cyclic β‐keto esters followed by nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms with phenols is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Formal Insertion of Aryldiazoalkanes into the C—H Bond of Aldehydes: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Acyclic α‐Tertiary Aryl Ketones.
Authors: Kang Byung Chul , Nam Dong Guk , Hwang Geum‐Sook , Ryu Do Hyun
Published: February 2016

A novel method is elaborated for the enantioselective synthesis of ketones (III), (V), and (VII) by reaction of aldehydes with aryldiazoalkanes in the presence of chiral (S)‐oxazaborolidinium triflate catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Actinide‐Mediated Catalytic Addition of E—H Bonds (E: N, P, S) to Carbodiimides, Isocyanates, and Isothiocyanates.
Authors: Karmel Isabell S. R. , Tamm Matthias , Eisen Moris S.
Published: February 2016

A thorium(IV) complex is described as catalyst for the addition of primary and secondary amines, diphenylphosphine, and benzylmercaptan to phenylisocyanate, phenylisothiocyanate, and carbodiimides.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative 1,4‐Addition of α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids with Michael Acceptors Enabled by Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Wang Guang‐Zu , Shang Rui , Cheng Wan‐Min , Fu Yao
Published: February 2016

31 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Mediated Organocatalytic Activation of Ethyl Bromofluoroacetate: Coupling with Indoles and Anilines.
Authors: Jadhav Santosh D. , Bakshi Debanjan , Singh Anand
Published: February 2016

The activation of title compound (II) employing a visible light mediated photoredox transformation is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Practical Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohol in Continuous‐Flow System with Metal‐Free Catalyst.
Authors: Liu Chengkou , Fang Zheng , Yang Zhao , Li Qingwen , Guo Shiyu , Zhang Kai , Ouyang Pingkai , Guo Kai
Published: February 2016

The continuous‐flow oxidation gives the corresponding aldehydes and ketones in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Tribromide Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Han Mi‐kyung , Kim Sohwa , Kim Sung , Lee Jong Chan
Published: February 2016

A broad range of primary and secondary alcohols, including benzylic, allylic, and aliphatic derivatives which may contain diverse functional groups are efficiently oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes and cyclic or acyclic ketones, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Ketones and Sulfonyl Fluorides by Fluoroform under a Superbase System.
Authors: Okusu Satoshi , Hirano Kazuki , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio
Published: February 2016

A new catalytic version of fluoroform trifluoromethylation is developed which is applicable to a wide variety of diaryl, aryl‐alkyl, and dialkyl ketones (I) and arylsulfonyl fluorides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: m‐CPBA‐Mediated Intramolecular Aminohydroxylation of N‐Sulfonyl Aminoalkenes to Synthesize β‐Hydroxyl Cyclic Amines.
Authors: Yin Yan , Zhou Hong , Sun Guofeng , Liu Xichen
Published: February 2016

N‐Tosyl‐protected aminoalkenes react with m‐chloroperbenzoic acid to give hydroxy‐substituted cyclic amines via intermediately formed epoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidant‐Free Allylation of Aromatic Ketoximes with Allylic Acetates at Room Temperature.
Authors: Manikandan Rajendran , Madasamy Padmaja , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: February 2016

A highly regioselective ortho‐allylation using the ketoxime substituent as directing group is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Mediated Cleavage of the Trityl Group from Protected 1H‐Tetrazoles.
Authors: Behloul Cherif , Bouchelouche Kenza , Guijarro David , Foubelo Francisco , Najera Carmen , Yus Miguel
Published: February 2016

The method proves successful for the detritylation of tetrazoles substituted with alkyl.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine(III)‐Mediated Diazidation and Azido‐Oxyamination of Enamides.
Authors: Nocquet‐Thibault Sophie , Rayar Anita , Retailleau Pascal , Cariou Kevin , Dodd Robert H.
Published: February 2016

The in‐situ‐umpolung of halide salts for oxidative difunctionalization of enamides is extended to lithium azide to provide diastereoselective diazidation of N‐substituted allylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Azidation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Zhu Yuchao , Li Xinyao , Wang Xiaoyang , Huang Xiaoqiang , Shen Tao , Zhang Yiqun , Sun Xiang , Zou Miancheng , Song Song , Jiao Ning
Published: February 2016

This novel decarboxylative azidation method is successfully applied to a number of tertiary, secondary, and primary aliphatic carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Radical Tandem Aryldifluoroacetylation of Cinnamamides: Access to Difluoroacetylated Quinolone‐2‐ones and 1‐Azaspiro[4.5]decanes.
Authors: Gu Zhangxi , Zhang Honglin , Xu Pan , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian
Published: February 2016

A visible light‐mediated difluoroacetylation of cinnamamides with ethyl bromodifluoroacetate as a CF2 radical precursor is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of 3‐Fluorocyclobutylamines.
Authors: Kondratov Ivan S. , et al.
Published: February 2016

New 3‐fluoro substituted cyclobutylamines are synthesized and their physical properties are compared to the non‐fluorinated analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Synthesis of Biaryl‐Substituted Phosphine Ligands: Application in Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed C—N Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Singh Chandani , Rathod Jayant , Jha Vishwajeet , Panossian Armen , Kumar Pradeep , Leroux Frederic R.
Published: February 2016

The synthesis of novel non‐symmetric Buchwald‐type biaryl‐substituted phosphine ligands is developed and their efficiency as catalysts for C—N coupling reactions of aryl halides is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Consecutive Amination and Sonogashira Coupling for Selective Synthesis of 2‐Alkynylanilines.
Authors: Pan Shanfei , Ma Xueji , Zhong Danni , Chen Wanzhi , Liu Miaochang , Wu Huayue
Published: February 2016

An efficient catalytic approach to the synthesis of N,N‐dialkyl‐2‐alkynylanilines is developed by using Pd‐catalyzed norbornene‐mediated three‐component reactions of haloarenes, alkoxyamines, and alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Virtually Enantiopure Aminodiols with Three Adjacent Stereogenic Centers by Epoxidation and Ring‐Opening.
Authors: Luo Lan , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: February 2016

A virtually complete enantioselective synthesis of 3‐amino‐1,2‐diols, e.g. (IV) and (VII), is accomplished by a sequential cascade of two kinetic resolutions, which features a Sharpless or Hafnium‐catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation, and a subsequent tungsten‐catalyzed aminolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Kawamoto Takuji , Sato Aoi , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: February 2016

A new catalyst‐free aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides with CO and amines, which simply uses photoirradiation conditions by Xe‐lamp, is reported.