bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le consentement libre, préalable et informé
Authors: Lebuis Véronique , King-Ruel Geneviève
Published: July 2012

L’exploitation des ressources naturelles connaît un important regain d’intérêt dans l’arène internationale. Les impacts engendrés par les activités privées des entreprises transnationales sur les communautés locales autochtones sont à l’origine de tensions entre les communautés, les compagnies extractives et l’État. De manière croissante, le droit au consentement libre, préalable et informé (CLPI) est considéré comme un moyen d’inclure significativement les communautés dans les processus décisionnels, de manière à contribuer à la mitigation des impacts socio-économiques et environnementaux du développement lié aux ressources naturelles. Le principe de CLPI jouit d’une reconnaissance grandissante et d’une intégration accrue dans le corpus de normes, tant au niveau national qu’international. Aucune définition universelle de ce principe n’ayant été élaborée à ce jour, plusieurs questions demeurent néanmoins au regard de la nature et du contenu du CLPI. Cet article vise à explorer la notion de CLPI et à mettre en lumière comment cette notion a été élaborée et intégrée dans le droit international.
L’amour 2.0, changements du masculin réels ou virtuels ?
Authors: Léguistin Maud
Published: July 2012

Les sites de rencontre sur internet offrent un espace de liberté où les hommes peuvent jouer avec les rôles traditionnels du genre et des rapports sociaux de sexe. Pour autant, tous les hommes n'ont pas les mêmes cartes en main. On observe différentes formes typiques de comportement. De plus, les rapports amoureux et conjugaux s'adaptent à la société individualiste. L'engouement pour les sites de rencontre révèle un retour à la rationalité affichée dans le choix du conjoint, mais aussi une pluralité de comportements et de modèles du sentimental et du conjugal. Ce qui amène à une variété de modèles de rapports sociaux de sexe et de genre et c'est peut-être là la principale innovation.
Le regard de jeunes pères sur leur enfance et leur adolescence
Authors: Deslauriers Jean-Martin
Published: July 2012

Cet article présente un volet des résultats d’une recherche menée à Gatineau auprès de 30 jeunes pères ayant eu un enfant avec une jeune femme de moins de 20 ans. Nous avons voulu connaître leur point de vue sur leur enfance, leur adolescence, jusqu’à leur expérience de la paternité pour situer celle-ci dans leur trajectoire de vie. Les résultats indiquent quatre tendances principales, décrivant la façon dont l’enfance et l’adolescence furent vécues : heureuse, « correcte », difficile et en situation de survie. L’adolescence fut une période trouble pour presque tous les jeunes hommes, bien qu’une majorité ait estimé avoir connu une enfance heureuse. Presque tous les jeunes hommes (27 sur 30) ont présenté au moins un problème de comportement parmi les quatre suivants : expulsion de l’école, dépendance à une substance, batailles à l’école ou tentative de suicide. Ceux qui estiment avoir connu une enfance heureuse présentent plus de persévérance scolaire que ceux qui déclarent avoir vécu une enfance difficile ou traumatisante. Les premiers sont aussi beaucoup plus nombreux à avoir bénéficié d’une vie relativement stable. Néanmoins, leurs rapports avec les adultes en autorité et avec les structures sociales ont souvent été tendus. Également, ces résultats indiquent que l’expérience de l’enfance n’est pas directement liée à l’engagement paternel des jeunes pères. Par exemple, ceux qui ont connu des enfances difficiles sont très présents dans la vie de leur enfant à la dernière cueillette de données.
Construire son identité de garçon : les représentations de la masculinité dans la littérature de jeunesse
Authors: Dionne Anne-Marie
Published: July 2012

En tant que produit culturel, la littérature de jeunesse véhicule des représentations à l’égard de la masculinité. Quelles sont donc ces représentations et comment influencent-elles la construction de l’identité sexuée des garçons ? Considérant que la littérature de jeunesse contribue de façon importante à la socialisation des enfants et des jeunes, il importe de connaître les normes sociales qu’elle laisse transparaître. Cet article aborde le sujet en considérant la primauté du genre masculin dans la littérature de jeunesse. Les représentations de la masculinité qui sont relevées sont analysées en fonction des théories qui s’inscrivent dans une perspective de construction sociale de l’identité sexuée.
Analyse de cohérence des programmes d’intervention destinés aux adolescents-es agressés-es sexuellement
Authors: Tanguay Audrey
Published: July 2012

Il s’agit d’une recherche qualitative qui porte sur les programmes d’intervention destinés aux adolescents-es agressés-es sexuellement. L’analyse visait à déterminer si ces programmes étaient cohérents avec les paradigmes de la résilience et de l’empowerment. Une grille d’analyse comportant neuf critères inspirés du paradigme de la résilience et celui de l’empowerment a été utilisée. Les résultats indiquent que ces programmes sont relativement cohérents avec les paradigmes.
Les facteurs de risque de la prostitution des jeunes filles mineures à Bobo-Dioulasso au Burkina Faso
Authors: Bambara Yvonne Clémence
Published: July 2012

L’objectif de la recherche était d’identifier d’une part les caractéristiques personnelles, familiales, sociales et culturelles des jeunes filles mineures en situation de prostitution à Bobo-Dioulasso, et d’autre part, les motifs les y ayant conduites. Un guide d’entretien semi-structuré a été administré individuellement à 15 jeunes filles de 14 à 18 ans. L’analyse qualitative des verbatim révèle que plusieurs facteurs de risque ont exposé les jeunes filles enquêtées à la prostitution à savoir : la violence et les maltraitances subies dans le giron familial, les abus sexuels précoces, l’absence d’instruction et de formation professionnelle et la précarité économique des parents.
Liraglutide for idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a real‐world propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Azzam Ahmed Y. , Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Vaishnav Dhrumil , Azab Mohammed A. , Morsy Mahmoud M. , Elamin Osman , Elswedy Adam , Atallah Oday , Abukhadijah Hana J. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Baker Amanda , Khatri Deepak , Haranhalli Neil , Altschul David J.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder predominantly affecting young women with obesity, characterized by elevated intracranial pressure. While current treatments include weight loss counseling, medical therapies, and surgical interventions, their limitations necessitate exploring novel therapeutic approaches. We investigated the efficacy of liraglutide as an adjunctive therapy in IIH management.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study, analyzing adult patients with IIH. Through propensity score matching, we compared patients receiving liraglutide alongside standard therapy (n = 204) with those receiving standard therapy alone (n = 204). Primary outcomes included papilledema, headache manifestations, and visual disturbances, assessed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months posttreatment initiation.

Results

Our matched cohorts were predominantly female (95.1% vs. 97.1%) with comparable mean ages (37.6 vs. 37.3 years). Liraglutide treatment demonstrated significant reduction in papilledema risk at 3 months (RR 0.333, 95% CI 0.167–0.664, p = 0.001), with sustained benefits throughout 24 months (RR 0.524, 95% CI 0.325–0.845, p = 0.006). While improvements were observed in visual disturbances, headache symptoms, and refractory IIH cases, these did not reach statistical significance.

Interpretation

Our findings suggest that liraglutide as an adjunctive therapy significantly improves papilledema outcomes in IIH patients, with the greatest effect observed at 3 months and sustained benefits over 2 years. This study provides promising evidence for liraglutide's role in IIH management, particularly in addressing papilledema.
Designing Robust Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Composite Coatings for Anticorrosion/Scaling by Utilizing 8‐Hydroxyquinoline Microcapsules
Authors: Liu Zhanjian , Qu Shengdi , Zhu Linfeng , Li Meiling , Fu Yuxin , Zhang Xiguang , Jin Huichao , Wang Ruitao , Wang Huaiyuan , Qian Kun
Published: February 2025

Superhydrophobic coatings with excellent water‐repellency are promising for corrosion resistance applications. Herein, a superhydrophobic–superoleophilic composite coating is prepared by combining fluorosilicone resin, microcapsules (MCs), and carbon nanofiber (CNF). Microsized MCs composed of the corrosion inhibitor 8‐Hydroxyquinoline (8‐HQ) as the core and polyurea/polyurethane/SiO2 as the shell have been synthesized. Then, by incorporating CNF, the water contact angle of the final coating can reach 154 ± 1.6° while the oil contact angle is 0°. Additionally, the superhydrophobic coating demonstrates exceptional corrosion resistance, featuring a minimal corrosion rate of 9.78 × 10−7 mm year−1 because 8‐HQ can chelate with Fe3+ to form a passivation layer that prevents the permeation of corrosive media. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic coating exhibits remarkable antiscaling, chemical durability, antifouling, and self‐cleaning properties. It is envisaged that this design strategy will prove to be a promising methodology for practical anticorrosion applications of superhydrophobic coatings.
Concurrent Interface Passivation and Contact Work Function Tuning in Organic Self‐Aligned Gate Transistors and Complementary Circuits Using Phosphonic Acid Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Luo Linqu , Nugraha Mohamad Insan , Faber Hendrik , Li Shaoxian , Aivalioti Chrysa , Irziqat Bahaaeddin , Ruvalcaba Ricardo , Maksudov Temur , Yang Yu‐ying , MazoMantilla Harold F. , Panagiotidis Lazaros , Hedhili Mohamed Nejib , Isikgor Furkan H. , Tsetseris Leonidas , Fatayer Shadi , Heeney Martin , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: February 2025

The self‐aligned gate (SAG) transistor architecture is attractive for electronic circuit applications due to its enabling attributes, including low parasitic capacitances and higher frequency operation. However, SAG transistors often rely on complex manufacturing, which limits their practical utilization. Herein, we overcome this bottleneck and demonstrate organic SAG transistors in which the self‐aligned source/drain (S/D) electrodes are separated by the gate (G) terminal with sub‐20 nm gaps. The SAG architecture eliminates parasitic overlaps while minimizing access resistance for the injected carriers. Moreover, precise work function engineering of the self‐aligned Au S/D contacts is demonstrated using phosphonic acid (PA) self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) functionalized directly onto Au. Analysis of the Au surface corroborated by Density Functional Theory calculations and scanning tunneling microscopy reveal the unexpected formation of PA SAMs directly onto Au for the first time. Combining different organic semiconductors with appropriate SAMs enables the development of hole and electron‐transporting SAG transistors with enhanced performance. Integrating the n‐ and p‐channel transistors yields complementary logic circuitry with high gain and noise margins, showcasing the effectiveness of this approach. The work highlights the enormous potential of combining the SAG transistor platform with work function modifying PA SAMs to develop printed electronics with improved functionality.
Spin Pumping in Magnetostrictive Galfenol Interfaced with Ta
Authors: Sahoo Ajit Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Suchetana , Baghira Bikram , Chelvane Jeyaramane Arout , Mohanty Jyoti Ranjan , Barman Anjan
Published: February 2025

In view of their advantages for memory and storage applications, the quest to find suitable magnetic thin film heterostructures that can exhibit strong spin pumping effect persists in the scientific community. Here, the spin pumping phenomenon is investigated in Galfenol (FeGa) thin films by systematically varying the thickness of the heavy metallic Ta underlayer (UL). The films exhibit soft magnetic properties with a bcc‐phase and a notably low Gilbert damping is obtained for FeGa on Si (100). The precessional magnetization dynamics of Ta/FeGa films are explored using the time‐resolved magneto‐optical Kerr effect technique, revealing the presence of a resonant Kittel mode and additional strain‐induced modes. The lowest value of effective Gilbert damping in Ta/FeGa is obtained as ∼0.015, which rises by ∼65% as the thickness of UL increases. Spin pumping and two‐magnon scattering mechanisms are validated using a ballistic spin transport model. An overall effective spin mixing conductance value of ∼5.48 × 1015 cm−2 is found, which is the highest value ever reported in magnetostrictive Galfenol films. Additionally, micromagnetic simulations are explored to understand the effect of tilted magnetic anisotropy on the formation of magnetic modes in these films. These findings in FeGa films establish it as an effective spin source material and offer innovative ideas to control spin‐wave propagation and diverse applications in straintronics.
Catalysis‐Driven Sulfur Conversion: From Electrolyte‐Flooded to Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Yang Haotian , Xu Yunhan , Zhao Yufei , Geng Chuannan , Ge Huilin , Wang Lu , Lv Wei , Yang Chunpeng , Chen Wei , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: February 2025

Lithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries are widely recognized as highly promising energy storage devices owing to their exceptional theoretical energy density. However, the prevalent use of flooded electrolytes in Li–S batteries significantly restricts their energy density. To enhance the energy density of Li–S batteries, transitioning from a flooded‐electrolyte to a lean‐electrolyte system proves to be effective. Additionally, replacing the organic liquid electrolyte with a solid‐state electrolyte addresses associated safety concerns. Concurrently, the practical application of Li–S batteries encounters numerous challenges, particularly the sluggish electrochemical conversion kinetics in lean‐electrolyte and solid‐state systems. Hence, it is imperative to develop suitable catalysts tailored for various Li–S battery configurations. This review comprehensively reviews the applications and development strategies of catalysts for Li–S batteries in diverse systems, with a specific focus on lean‐electrolyte and solid‐state systems. Additionally, the outlook explores the future development direction of catalysts, aiming to guide the rational design of catalysts and facilitate the realization of high‐energy‐density Li–S batteries.
Self‐Manipulating Sodium Ion Gradient‐Based Endogenic Electrical Stimulation Dressing for Wound Repair
Authors: Luo Ruizeng , Fan Yijie , Qi Yilin , Bai Yuan , Xiao Meng , Lv Yujia , Liang Jinrui , Tang Mingcheng , Zhang Jiaping , Li Zhou , Luo Dan
Published: February 2025

Endogenous electric field (EF) originating from differences in ionic gradients plays a decisive role in the wound healing process. Based on this understanding, a self‐manipulating sodium ion gradient‐based endogenic electrical stimulation dressing (smig‐EESD) is developed to achieve passive, non‐invasive, endogenic electrical stimulation of wounds, which avoids the side effects of electrode occupancy, electrochemical reactions, and thermal effects present in traditional exogenous electrical stimulation. smig‐EESD reduced the potential at the center of the wound by specifically absorbing Na+ in the exudate, ultimately strengthening the wound endogenous EF. Importantly, smig‐EESD converted the active transport dependent on Na+/K+‐ATPase into passive diffusion by adsorbing extracellular matrix Na+, and the saved ATP consumption promoted tissue repair process. smig‐EESD regulated innate and adaptive immune responses by upregulating the secretion of multiple cytokines, thereby suppressing injury‐associated inflammatory responses and reducing scar formation. smig‐EESD reveals an endogenic electrical stimulation strategy that is independent of electrodes and circuits, and provides new insights into the future development of electronic medicine.
Multi‐Omics Analysis Reveals Impacts of LincRNA Deletion on Yeast Protein Synthesis
Authors: Qin Ling , Pan Yuyang , Xue Songlyu , Yan Zhibo , Xiao Chufan , Liu Xiufang , Yuan Dan , Hou Jin , Huang Mingtao
Published: February 2025

Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are widespread across various genomic regions and play a crucial role in modulating gene expression and cellular functions, thereby increasing biological complexity. However, the relationship between ncRNAs and the production of heterologous recombinant proteins (HRPs) remains elusive. Here, a yeast library is constructed by deleting long intergenic ncRNAs (lincRNAs), and 21 lincRNAs that affect α‐amylase secretion are identified. Targeted deletions of SUT067, SUT433, and CUT782 are found to be particularly effective. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of the top three strains indicate improvements in energy metabolism and cytoplasmic translation, which enhances ATP supply and protein synthesis. Moreover, a yeast strain, derived from the SUT433 deletion, that can secrete ≈4.1 g L⁻1 of α‐amylase in fed‐batch cultivation through the modification of multiple targets, is engineered. This study highlights the significant potential of lincRNAs in modulating cellular metabolism, providing deep insights and strategies for the development of more efficient protein‐producing cell factories.
DNA Origami‐Cyanine Nanocomplex for Precision Imaging of KRAS‐Mutant Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Moon Hye‐ran , Du Yancheng , Choi Sae Rome , Seo Seongmin , Cheng Cih , Elzey Bennett D. , Choi Jong Hyun , Han Bumsoo
Published: February 2025

Selective delivery of imaging agents to pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) within the highly desmoplastic tumors of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a significant advancement. This approach allows for precise labeling of PCCs while excluding cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), thereby enhancing both research and diagnostic capabilities. Additionally, it holds the potential to target and eliminate PCCs precisely without harming the surrounding stromal cells in the PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, DNA origami‐cyanine (Do‐Cy) nanocomplexes are synthesized to image KRAS‐mutant PCCs selectively in the PDAC TME. These Do‐Cy nanocomplexes are hypothesized to be internalized preferentially to KRAS‐mutant PCCs over CAFs via elevated macropinocytosis. Several designs of Do‐Cy nanocomplexes are synthesized and characterized their cellular uptake using both engineered in vitro and xenograft pancreatic cancer models. The results are further discussed for the implication of precision delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents to KRAS‐mutant cancers.
Condensate Halos in Condensation Frosting
Authors: Zhen Songyuan , Feng Haoyan , Lin Shiji , Jin Yakang , Li Zhigang , Deng Xu , Bonaccurso Elmar , Chen Longquan
Published: February 2025

The freezing of water drops on cold solid surfaces is ubiquitous in nature, and generally causes serious technological, engineering, and economic issues in industrial applications. Despite longstanding research efforts, existing knowledge on dropwise freezing is still limited, as this phase‐change phenomenon is always accompanied by complex heat and mass transfer processes. Herein, drop‐freezing phenomena in condensation frosting are investigated under standard laboratory conditions of humidity and pressure, highlighting their distinctions from those under some limiting conditions. Condensate halos consisting of massive tiny droplets are observed to form, grow, and eventually fade in a well‐defined region around freezing supercooled drops on sufficiently hydrophobic surfaces with low thermal conductivities. The detailed halo evolution is very different from that reported previously in ultradry and low ambient pressure environments, and it shows no identifiable effect on the long‐term frost propagation. By combining optical and thermal imaging techniques, this study scrutinizes the halo pattern evolution involving multiphase transitions on timescales from milliseconds to seconds, assesses the halo characteristics at each stage, and elucidates the underlying mechanisms. The work expands the fundamental understanding of complex dropwise freezing dynamics, and relevant findings can provide important guidance for developing anti‐icing/frosting strategies.
Dissecting the Spatial and Single‐Cell Transcriptomic Architecture of Cancer Stem Cell Niche Driving Tumor Progression in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Guangyu , Zhang Xin , Pan Wenting , Chen Xizhao , Wan Lingfei , Liu Chunjie , Yong Yuting , Zhao Yue , Sang Shuli , Zhang Lihua , Yao Sheng , Guo Yushu , Wang Mingmei , Wang Xinhui , Peng Guangdun , Yan Xinlong , Wang Yanchun , Zhang Min
Published: February 2025

Despite significant advancements in identifying novel therapeutic targets and compounds, cancer stem cells (CSCs) remain pivotal in driving therapeutic resistance and tumor progression in gastric cancer (GC). High‐resolution knowledge of the transcriptional programs underlying the role of CSC niche in driving tumor stemness and progression is still lacking. Herein, spatial and single‐cell RNA sequencing of 32 human gastric mucosa tissues at various stages of malignancy, illuminating the phenotypic plasticity of tumor epithelium and transcriptional trajectory from mature gastric chief cells to the CSC state, which is associated with activation of EGFR and WNT signaling pathways, is conducted. Moreover, the CSCs interact with not only the immunosuppressive CXCL13+ T cells and CCL18+ M2 macrophages to evade immune surveillance, but also the inflammatory cancer‐associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) to promote tumorigenesis and maintain stemness, which construct the CSC niche leading to inferior prognosis. Notably, it is uncovered that amphiregulin (AREG) derived from iCAFs promotes tumor stemness by upregulating the expression of SOX9 in tumor cells, and contributes to drug resistance via the AREG‐ERBB2 axis. This study provides valuable insight into the characteristics of CSC niche in driving tumor stemness and progression, offering novel perspective for designing effective strategies to overcome GC therapy resistance.
Cobalt Single‐Atom Intercalation in Molybdenum Disulfide Enhances Piezocatalytic and Enzyodynamic Activities for Advanced Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Bai Haomiao , Ding Sujun , Dai Yanfei , Liu Jiefu , Chen Huangjing , Feng Wei , Yu Dehong , Chen Yu , Ni Xuejun
Published: February 2025

Piezoelectric semiconductor nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest in piezocatalytic tumor treatment. However, piezocatalytic therapy encounters obstacles such as suboptimal piezoelectric responses, rapid electron‐hole recombination, inefficient energy harvesting, and the complexities of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, sulfur vacancy‐engineered cobalt (Co) single‐atom doped molybdenum disulfide (SA‐Co@MoS2) nanoflowers are strategically designed, which exhibit enhanced piezoelectric effects. Specifically, the introduction of Co single atom not only induces lattice distortion and out‐of‐plane polarization but also leads to the formation of numerous sulfur vacancies. These changes collectively narrow the intrinsic bandgap of the material, facilitating effective separation and migration of charge carriers, and enabling efficient production of reactive oxygen species under ultrasound stimulation. Additionally, the SA‐Co@MoS2 nanoflowers demonstrate improved enzymatic activity and exhibit glutathione depletion capabilities attributed to the mixed valence states of Co, intensifying oxidative stress in tumor cells, and leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, while the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 induces ferroptosis. Both in vitro and in vivo results indicate that SA‐Co@MoS2 nanoflowers can significantly eliminate tumor cells. This study offers valuable insights into the exploration of single‐atom doping‐enhanced piezoelectric sonosensitizers for cancer treatment, potentially paving the way for advancements in the field of piezocatalytic synergistic enzyodynamic therapy.
ACAT1‐Mediated ME2 Acetylation Drives Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer by Linking Glutaminolysis to Lactate Production
Authors: Zheng Cuimiao , Tan Hao , Niu Gang , Huang Xi , Lu Jingyi , Chen Siqi , Li Haoyuan , Zhu Jiayu , Zhou Zhou , Xu Manman , Pan Chaoyun , Liu Junxiu , Li Jie
Published: February 2025

Lactate derived from aerobic glycolysis is crucial for DNA damage repair and chemoresistance. Nevertheless, it is frequently noted that cancer cells depend on glutaminolysis to replenish essential metabolites. Whether and how glutaminolysis might enhance lactate production and facilitate DNA repair in cancer cells remains unknown. Here, it is shown that malate enzyme 2 (ME2), which metabolizes glutamine‐derived malate to pyruvate, contributes to lactate production and chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. Mechanistically, chemotherapy reduces the expression of glucose transporters and impairs glucose uptake in cancer cells. The resultant decrease in intracellular glucose levels triggers the acetylation of ME2 at lysine 156 by ACAT1, which in turn potentiates ME2 enzyme activity and facilitates lactate production from glutamine. ME2‐derived lactate contributes to the development of acquired chemoresistance in cancer cells subjected to prolonged chemotherapy, primarily by facilitating the lactylation of proteins involved in homologous recombination repair. Targeting ACAT1 to inhibit ME2 acetylation effectively reduced chemoresistance in both in vitro and in vivo models. These findings underscore the significance of acetylated ME2‐mediated lactate production from glutamine in chemoresistance, particularly under conditions of reduced intracellular glucose within cancer cell, thereby complementing the Warburg effect and offering new perspectives on the metabolic links to chemotherapy resistance.
Advanced Microarrays as Heterogeneous Force‐Remodeling Coordinator to Orchestrate Nuclear Configuration and Force‐Sensing Mechanotransduction in Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Nana , Hou Yan , Lin Lili , Xu Shihui , Lee Kyubae , Yang Yingjun , Chen Yazhou , Li Yachun , Wang Xiuhui , Wang Yongtao , Chen Tao
Published: February 2025

Integrin and focal adhesion can regulate cytoskeleton distribution to govern actin‐related force remodeling and play an important role in nuclear configuration and force‐sensing mechanotransduction of stem cells. However, further exploration of the interaction between actinin complex and myosin, kinetics, and molecular mechanism of cytoskeleton structures to nucleate within the engineered stem cells is vague. An extensive comprehension of cell morphogenesis, force remodeling, and nuclear force‐sensing mechanotransduction is essential to reveal the basic physical principles of cytoskeleton polymerization and force‐related signaling delivery. Advanced microarrays are designed to determine heterogeneous cell morphology and cell adhesion behaviors in stem cells. The heterogeneity from the engineered microarrays is transferred into nuclei to regulate nuclear configuration and force‐sensing mechanotransduction by the evaluation of Lamins, YAP, and BrdU expression. Tuning the activation of adhesion proteins and cytoskeleton nucleators to adjust heterogeneous cell mechanics may be the underlying mechanism to change nuclear force‐sensing configuration in response to its physiological mechanotransduction in microarrayed stem cells.
Single‐Molecule Insight Into α‐Synuclein Fibril Structure and Mechanics Modulated by Chemical Compounds
Authors: Li Xiang , Bi Lulu , Zhang Shenqing , Xu Qianhui , Xia Wencheng , Tao Youqi , Wu Shaojuan , Li Yanan , Le Weidong , Kang Wenyan , Li Dan , Sun Bo , Liu Cong
Published: February 2025

α‐Syn fibrils, a key pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease, is closely associated with disease initiation and progression. Several small molecules are found to bind or dissolve α‐syn fibrils, offering potential therapeutic applications. Here, an innovative optical tweezers‐based, fluorescence‐combined approach is developed to probe the mechanical characteristics of α‐syn fibrils at the single‐molecule level. When subjected to axial stretching, local deformation within α‐syn fibrils appeared at forces above 50 pN. These structural alternations occurred stepwise and are irreversible, suggesting unfolding of individual α‐syn molecules or subdomains. Additionally, α‐syn fibrils exhibits high heterogeneity in lateral disruption, with rupture force ranging from 50 to 500 pN. The impact of different compounds on the structure and mechanical features of α‐syn fibrils is further examined. Notably, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) generally attenuates the rupture force of fibrils by wedging into the N‐terminal polar groove and induces fibril dissociation. Conversely, copper chlorophyllin A (CCA) attaches to four different sites wrapping around the fibril core, reinforcing the stability of the fibril against rupture forces. The work offers an effective method for characterizing single‐fibril properties and bridges compound‐induced structural alternations with mechanical response. These insights are valuable for understanding amyloid fibril mechanics and their regulation by small molecules.
Unveiling the Mechanism of Mn Dissolution Through a Dynamic Cathode‐Electrolyte Interphase on LiMn2O4
Authors: Ou Wenhan , Marks Samuel D. , de Menezes Rafael Ferreira , He Rong , Zhang Zihan , Sindt Collin , Thurston Jonathan , Jaye Cherno , Cowie Bruce , Thomsen Lars , Zhuo Zengqing , Guo Jinghua , Yang Wanli , Dong Ziyue , Tenent Robert , Sprenger Kayla G. , Toney Michael F.
Published: February 2025

Understanding the formation and evolution of the cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI), which forms at the interface between the cathode and electrolyte, is crucial for revealing degradation mechanisms in cathode materials, especially for developing strategies to stabilize the interphase in the strongly oxidizing conditions that evolve at high operating voltages in next‐generation Li‐ion batteries. However, The present understanding of the CEI is challenged by its complex and dynamic nature. In this work, near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, electrochemical characterization, and reactive molecular dynamics simulations are combined to reveal a mechanism for CEI formation and evolution above model LiMn2O4 (LMO) thin‐film electrodes in contact with conventional carbonate‐based electrolytes. It is found that Mn dissolution from LMO can be understood in terms of repetitive Mn3O4 formation and dissolution behavior during cycling, which is closely connected to electrolyte decomposition and a key aspect of the CEI formation and growth. The behavior of the CEI in this model system offers detailed insight into the dynamic chemistry of the interphase, underscoring the important role of electrolyte composition and cathode surface structure in interphase degradation.
Unraveling the Electrical, Dielectric, and Electrocatalytic Properties of Bimetallic Cobalt‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Godara Manjeet , Chowdhury Silvia , Cheng Ping , Xin Ruijing , Yuliarto Brian , Yamauchi Yusuke , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Ray Nirat
Published: February 2025

Bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer unique synergistic properties and improved conductivity due to the integration of multiple metal components. However, their electrical and dielectric properties remain underexplored, and their charge transport mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigates the electrical and dielectric properties of Mn‐BTC (BTC = benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid), Co‐BTC, and bimetallic Mn–Co BTC MOFs with varying Mn/Co ratios. Charge transport in these MOFs occurs via hopping at low frequencies, transitioning to lattice response at higher frequencies. While Mn incorporation typically reduces alternating current (AC) conductivity, the 1:2 Mn:Co MOF exhibits a unique conduction mechanism, enhancing AC conductivity by 25%. As electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the 1:2 Mn:Co MOF outperforms Mn‐BTC, Co‐BTC, and other Mn‐Co BTC variants, achieving a lower overpotential (359 mV) and Tafel slope (71 mV dec−1). The correlation between AC conductivity and electrocatalytic performance underscores the critical role of electrical properties in MOF functionality. This study highlights the potential of tailoring the electrical properties of bimetallic MOFs to optimize their electrocatalytic performance, offering valuable insights for future catalyst design.
A Concise and High‐Yielding Synthesis of Dechlorotrichotoxin A
Authors: Bae Dawon , Chaudhary Prakash , Kim Jung‐Ae , Lee Hyunji , Jeong Byeong‐Seon
Published: February 2025

An efficient 11‐step synthesis of (±)‐dechlorotrichotoxin A, a dechlorinated analog of the cytotoxic marine natural product trichotoxin A, has been developed. The synthesis, featuring key steps such as cross‐metathesis, Grignard reaction, and Tebbe olefination, encountered significant challenges. These arose from the volatility and instability of intermediates, as well as the difficulty of selective introduction of functional groups. These issues were overcome through strategic protecting group manipulations and careful reaction optimizations. The successful development of this synthetic route, with an overall yield of 16 %, corresponding to an average step yield of approximately 85 %, provides a robust platform for generating a diverse library of trichotoxin A analogs. This will facilitate comprehensive structure‐activity relationship studies to identify key structural features responsible for biological activity.
circNR3C2 promotes chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage repair of human adipose‐derived stem cells via the hsa‐miR‐647/SOX9 pathway
Authors: Hou Dabiao , Wang Huajun , Guo Hao , Luo Dongbin , Zheng Xiaofei , Luo Simin
Published: February 2025

Background

Human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) are seed cells with application prospects in cartilage repair. However, the mechanism of hADSC chondrogenic differentiation is still unclear. This study identifies a novel circRNA, circNR3C2, which is significantly upregulated during the chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs.

Methods

To analyze their role in hADSC chondrogenic differentiation, hADSCs were separated and identified by flow cytometry. Thereafter, we conducted Alcian Blue staining to assess chondrogenic differentiation levels. Additionally, RT‐qPCR was carried out to detect levels of the cartilage‐related genes COL2, Aggrecan and SOX9. Moreover, overlapping target SOX9 and circNR3C2 miRNAs were detected by bioinformatics and luciferase analyses. Finally, the role of circNR3C2 was confirmed in vivo using animal models.

Results

We confirmed that the cell surface receptors CD44, CD90 and CD105 were positively expressed on hADSCs, and their cartilage differentiation levels dramatically increased after 2 weeks. Expression of the cartilage‐related genes COL2 and Aggrecan and circNR3C2 also markedly increased. CircNR3C2 overexpression enhanced cartilage differentiation of hADSCs, while up‐regulating COL2, SOX9 and Aggrecan. Bioinformatics analysis identified hsa‐miR‐647 as the target miRNA of circNR3C2 and SOX9. Hsa‐miR‐647 overexpression in hADSCs can antagonize the effect of circNR3C2 on chondrogenic differentiation, and reverse its effect on regulating the expression of COL2, Aggrecan, and SOX9. We also showed that hADSCs overexpressing circNR3C2 promote cartilage repair in vivo.

Conclusions

We show that circNR3C2 modulates SOX9 expression to promote hsa‐miR‐647‐mediated hADSC chondrogenic differentiation; targeting circNR3C2 may help to develop new treatments to manage cartilage‐related disorders.
Edelgas bietet eine Lösung für die Herausforderung der Synthese ausgedehnter kovalenter Nanostrukturen auf inerten Oberflächen
Authors: Grossmann Lukas , Korn Sascha , Breuer Rochus , Schmittel Michael , Weber Heiko B. , Heckl Wolfgang M. , Lackinger Markus
Published: February 2025

Ein wichtiger Meilenstein auf dem Gebiet der Oberflächensynthese (On‐Surface‐Synthesis – OSS) ist die Entwicklung generischer Protokolle für die kovalente Kupplung auf inerten Oberflächen. Normalerweise werden für die OSS Metalloberflächen verwendet. Jedoch beeinflussen ihre starken Wechselwirkungen die intrinsischen Eigenschaften der synthetisierten Nanostrukturen und beeinträchtigen daher ihre Anwendbarkeit. Inerte Oberflächen hingegen bewahren die einzigartigen Eigenschaften der Nanostrukturen, stellen aber eine Herausforderung bei der Synthese dar: Die Aktivierungsenergien sind in der Regel höher als auf Metalloberflächen, wodurch die thermisch aktivierte Kupplung auf inerten Oberflächen durch konkurrierende vorzeitige Desorption der Reaktanden erheblich eingeschränkt wird. Anhand der Kupplung von 1,3,5‐Tris(4‐Mercaptophenyl)Benzol (TMB) über Kohlenstoff‐Schwefel‐Kohlenstoff Thioether‐Bindungen demonstrieren wir, dass beim Heizen in einer Edelgasatmosphäre statt im Vakuum die Desorption kinetisch gehemmt ist. Dies ermöglicht die kovalente Vernetzung sowohl auf inerten Graphitoberflächen als auch auf noch schwächer wechselwirkenden Graphenoberflächen. Wir antizipieren generisches Potenzial für diese Methode. In zukünftigen Experimenten wird untersucht, ob das Heizen bei Umgebungsdruck auf andere Kopplungsprotokolle ausgeweitet werden kann.
Structural and Mechanistic Insight into the Enantioselectivity of (R)‐Selective Styrene Monooxygenases: A Tug‐of‐War between Proximal and Distal Residues
Authors: Li Zhi‐Pu , Wang Lanteng , Liu Yan , Pei Xiao‐Qiong , Fatmi M. Qaiser , Shen Zhuanglin , Zhao Jian , Lin Hui , Zhou Jiahai , Wu Zhong‐Liu
Published: February 2025

Group E flavoprotein monooxygenases (GEMs) are well‐known for catalyzing enantioselective epoxidation reactions. However, engineering their enantioselectivity remains a significant challenge, largely due to a limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Among these enzymes, (R)‐selective styrene monooxygenases ((R)‐SMOs) stand out due to their unusual enantio‐switch behavior when catalyzing the reactions of p‐substituted styrenes. This unique property provides an exceptional opportunity to investigate the enantiocontrol mechanisms within GEMs. In this study, we resolved the first crystal structure of an (R)‐SMO, SeStyA, derived from Streptomyces. By integrating this structural information with molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we identified four key residues critical to enantiodivergency: two distal residues (S178 and A219) and two proximal residues (A59 and A312). Strikingly, a “tug‐of‐war” mechanism was revealed through saturation mutagenesis, wherein the side‐chain sizes of proximal and distal residues exerted opposing influences on enantioselectivity at the C=C bond. Leveraging this mechanistic insight, we successfully engineered SMOs with excellent (R)‐ or (S)‐enantioselectivity.
Identifying the Key Photosensitizing Factors over Metal–Organic Frameworks for Selective Control of 1O2 and O2⋅− Generation
Authors: Ma Xiao‐Liang , Ma Li‐Hua , Guo Song , Zhang Zhi‐Ming , Lu Tong‐Bu
Published: February 2025

The reaction pathway, product selectivity and catalytic efficiency of photo‐oxidation are highly dependent on the specific reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide (O2⋅−), generated via the sensitization of O2 by photosensitizers. Studies on uncovering the role of photosensitizing factors on the selective control of 1O2 and O2⋅− generation are significant but remain underexplored. Here, we constructed a photosensitizing metal–organic framework molecular platform (UiO‐1–UiO‐4) by elaborately engineering Ir(III) complex ligands with pyrenyl group for modulating photosensitizing factors and elucidating their impact on ROS generation. Impressively, the ratios of 1O2 and O2⋅− generation varied from 0 : 100 for UiO‐1 to 94 : 6 for UiO‐4 by modulating photosensitizing factors. UiO‐2 and UiO‐4 were respectively immobilized in a continuous‐flow reactor, achieving gram‐scale photosynthesis of phenol and juglone with high purity (>94 %) via O2⋅− and 1O2 pathway, respectively. Investigations reveal that UiO‐4 with ligand localized excited state and long excited state lifetime contributed to triggering energy transfer to afford 1O2, whereas UiO‐1 with charge‐transfer state and negative reduction potential facilitates charge transfer to produce O2⋅−. This work offers a novel insight into regulating ROS generation by modulating the photosensitizing factors at the molecular level.
Höherer Kontrast in 1H‐Observierten NMR Ligandenscreenings mit dem PEARLScreen‐Experiment
Authors: Lorz Nils , Czarniecki Barbara , Loss Sandra , Meier Benno , Gossert Alvar D.
Published: February 2025

Für die anfängliche Identifizierung von Liganden im fragmentbasierten Wirkstoffdesign ist NMR mit den etablierten Ligandenscreeningexperimenten T1ρ, waterLOGSY und STD eine der bevorzugten Methoden. Hier stellen wir ein neues Experiment mit überlegener Bindungssensitivität vor, welches auf dem Perfect‐Echo‐Prinzip basiert: Das PEARLScreen. Die Empfindlichkeitssteigerung wird durch längere Relaxationszeiten sowie eine aktive Austauschverbreiterung erzielt, die durch das Perfect‐Echo‐Schema ermöglicht werden. Dadurch konnte die Proteinkonzentration im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Experimenten um bis zu eine Größenordnung reduziert werden, ohne dass die Bindungsempfindlichkeit beeinträchtigt wurde. Das Experiment wurde im gesamten Feldbereich kommerziell erhältlicher Spektrometer von 80 bis 1200 MHz getestet, wobei beim höchsten Feld dank größerer Fragmentmischungen und verstärkter Austauscheffekte sogar eine Reduzierung der erforderlichen Proteinmenge um den Faktor 40 erreichbar ist. Aufgrund seiner überlegenen Sensitivität, die bereits auf Standardspektrometern erzielt wird, gehen wir davon aus, dass das PEARLScreen zum Standardexperiment für das 1H‐detektierte Ligandenscreening wird.
Design and Synthesis of Flexible Meta‐Aramid With Higher Dyeability
Authors: Fan Shihao , Liu Yi , Jia Wanglong , Zheng Liuchun
Published: February 2025

Meta‐aramid (PMIA) is a high‐performance polymer known for its exceptional properties, however, its molecular chain arrangement and strong hydrogen bonding contribute to its rigidity and brittleness. Additionally, the lack of reactive groups in its molecular structure severely affects the dyeing properties of PMIA, and restrains its applications in various fields. To address these issues, this study introduced 4,4′‐thiodianiline (4,4′‐TDA) into the main chain of PMIA molecules through copolymerization modification. This approach enhanced the relative molecular weight of the copolymers, resulting in co‐PMIAs with improved flexibility. The synthesized copolymers demonstrated excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability, maintaining high strength while improving toughness. Furthermore, the incorporation of this thioether‐containing monomer also enhanced the dyeing properties and flame retardancy of PMIA. The modification strategy employed in this research offers valuable insights into the structural modification of aromatic polyamides, and the synthesized novel copolymers show promising applications in the field of protective clothing.
Insights into the Halogen Effects on Regioselectivities of Nucleophilic Haloalkylation of α,β‐Enones
Authors: Zheng Meng‐Meng , Rao Zizhen , Sang Yueqian , Shao Qianzhen , Xu Haoran , Xue Xiao‐Song
Published: February 2025

The halogen effects, specifically the replacement of chlorine with fluorine, on the shift in regioselectivity from 1,4‐ to 1,2‐addition in the nucleophilic haloalkylation of α,β‐enones have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Computational analysis revealed that the difluorocarbanion PhSO2CF2−, being a hard nucleophile with lower energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), selectively undergoes 1,2‐addition of chalcone, primarily dominated by Coulombic interactions. In contrast, the nucleophilic 1,4‐addition of chalcone by a soft dichlorocarbanion PhSO2CCl2− is controlled by frontier molecular orbital interactions. This work provides a deep understanding of the regioselective control in nucleophilic haloalkylation reactions.
Method to determine the nadir PSA following partial gland ablation
Authors: Stone Nelson N. , Skouteris Vassilios , Shu Rendi , Stock Richard G. , Vanneste Ben GL
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The objective of this study is to propose a novel method of determining the nadir PSA (nPSA) for men with prostate cancer treated by partial gland ablation (PGA).

Materials and Methods

Two cohorts of men were analyzed to develop a formula for the nPSA in men undergoing PGA. First, 123 men with a suspicion of prostate cancer underwent transperineal mapping biopsy (TPMB) and found to have benign pathology. Their prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was compared to the prostate volume using curve estimation regression analysis. Second, the contribution of PSA from an ablated region was determined by using a surrogate of 545 men who had whole‐gland brachytherapy followed by prostate biopsy. Biopsy results were compared to radiation dose (calculated as the biological equivalent dose) levels in men who were free from biochemical failure. The nPSA was then calculated by using the PSA density (PSAD) for the untreated volume plus the PSA from the post‐brachytherapy patients.

Results

The PSAD with the highest R2 (0.80, p < 0.001) for the 123 men who had TPMB and a negative biopsy was 0.12 ng/mL2. In the brachytherapy patients, five 20 Gy dose groups were analyzed from ≤140 to ≥220 Gy, which demonstrated a progressive decrease in the positive biopsy rate to 1.5% at the highest dose (p = 0.036). PSA was <0.2 ng/mL in 98.2% of these men. If brachytherapy was used for PGA and a dose of ≥ 220 Gy was delivered to the ablation zone, the nPSA could be calculated from the remaining untreated volume as: the [(pretreatment PV)–treated volume] ×0.12 ng/mL2.

Conclusion

A method for determining the nPSA following PGA using brachytherapy was developed. The formula relies on complete ablation of the treated volume, which resulted in no PSA contribution from that component. Other forms of ablative energy should yield similar results. Further clinical validation of this concept is warranted.
Acting Wastefully but Feeling Satisfied: Understanding Waste Aversion
Authors: Zultan Ro'i , Weisel Ori , Shani Yaniv
Published: February 2025

Paying more than one could have paid to obtain the same outcome is wasteful. In four experiments, we show that waste aversion can lead people to prefer a more wasteful outcome over a more frugal outcome, as long as it eliminates the feeling of wastefulness. In Study 1, we measured participants' satisfaction with lottery outcomes to find that they are less satisfied with their obtained outcome relative to an inferior, dominated, outcome—if they are aware of a counter‐factual in which they could have paid less to achieve the dominant outcome. Study 2 revealed that responsibility for the decision that led to the outcome does not intensify the effect, suggesting that wastefulness is a more prominent explanation for the effect than regret. Study 3 extended the results from outcome satisfaction to decisions. Participants altered their choice of whether to continue or terminate searching for an apartment based on their awareness of a counterfactual that renders the process leading to the outcome as wasteful or not. Waste aversion leads participants to extend their search beyond what they would do based purely on their preferences and expectations. Study 4 replicated these findings with payoff‐relevant decisions. Taken together, these four studies establish that waste aversion leads to higher satisfaction with dominated outcomes in real‐world experiences. The effect does not rely on decision regret, and may lead to suboptimal decisions.