bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of the Differences between the Influence of Herbal Mouthwashes and the Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on the Physical Characteristics of Orthodontic Acrylic Resin
Authors: Golfeshan Farzaneh , Ajami Shabnam , Khalvandi Yasaman , Mosaddad Seyed Ali , Nematollahi Hanieh
Published: August 2020

The present study, intended to compare the effects of immersion in herbal mouthwashes and the Chlorhexidine mouthwash on orthodontic acrylic resin, specifically with regard to alterations in its hardness, roughness and color. Seventy-two specimens of Orthodontic self-cured acrylic resin were used for the experiments. After preparation, specimens were placed in three types of mouthwash including Chlorhexidine 0.2 % (CHX), Persica and Matrica. The changes in microhardness (ΔKNH), Surface roughness (ΔRa) and color (ΔE) were evaluated prior to and following the immersion in mouthwashes. In order to analyze the data, we made use of SPSS version 22. One-Way ANOVA test was used to find the differences between groups. The Tukey test was conducted in the final stage. It was revealed that acrylic resins had lower microhardness when 12 hours after immersion had taken place. There were significant differences after 12h, 24h and 7 days between the groups in the softening of acrylic resins. The reduction in microhardness of acrylic resin with herbal mouthwashes in the three-time intervals was higher than CHX. With regard to increasing surface roughness, the disparity between herbal mouthwashes was insignificant. However herbal mouthwashes significantly increased the value of roughness more than CHX. Changes in color were significantly higher in all mouthwashes. Herbal mouthwashes caused more color variation than CHX. The color, roughness and hardness of acrylic resin undergo changes as a result of being immersed in the mouthwashes. However, the effect of herbal mouthwashes was more than that of CHX.
SLE presenting as DAH and relapsing as refractory retinitis
Authors: Ish Somya , Sharma Deepa , Ish Pranav
Published: August 2020

Dear Editor,

A 17-year-old boy, diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), presented to ophthalmology department with gradual painless diminution of vision in both eyes (right more than left). He had already received 6 pulses of cyclophosphamide and steroids at monthly intervals one year back for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) and was on maintenance oral 40 mg prednisolone and 3 grams mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). There was no history of oliguria, skin rash, joint pain, oral ulcers, photosensitivity or any neurological deficit in this presentation. There was no proteinuria, hematuria or worsening of renal function.
A case of vasospastic angina. Vasospasm physiopathology: a new therapeutic role for ranolazine?
Authors: Uran Carlo , Di Chiara Giacomo , Bosco Biagio , D'Andrea Domenico , Iodice Pietro
Published: August 2020

We report the case of a 40-year-old man, transferred from another hospital to our ICU because of acute coronary syndrome. Coronarography did not show coronary stenosis. Twenty-four hours monitoring EKG allowed diagnosis of Prinzmetal angina and appropriate therapy was administered. Six months after discharge due recurrence of symptoms, ranolazine was added to therapy. After one year the patient is symptoms free.
Automorphisms of even unimodular lattices and equivariant Witt groups
Authors: Bayer-Fluckiger Eva , Taelman Lenny
Published: August 2020

We characterize the irreducible polynomials that occur as the characteristic polynomial of an automorphism of an even unimodular lattice of a given signature, generalizing a theorem of Gross and McMullen. As part of the proof, we give a general criterion in terms of Witt groups for a bilinear form equipped with an action of a group

G

over a discretely valued field to contain a unimodular

G

-stable lattice.
Universal limits of substitution-closed permutation classes
Authors: Bassino Frédérique , Bouvel Mathilde , Féray Valentin , Gerin Lucas , Maazoun Mickaël , Pierrot Adeline
Published: August 2020

We consider uniform random permutations in proper substitution-closed classes and study their limiting behavior in the sense of permutons.

The limit depends on the generating series of the simple permutations in the class. Under a mild sufficient condition, the limit is an elementary one-parameter deformation of the limit of uniform separable permutations, previously identified as the Brownian separable permuton. This limiting object is therefore in some sense universal. We identify two other regimes with different limiting objects. The first one is degenerate; the second one is nontrivial and related to stable trees.

These results are obtained thanks to a characterization of the convergence of random permutons through the convergence of their expected pattern densities. The limit of expected pattern densities is then computed by using the substitution tree encoding of permutations and performing singularity analysis on the tree series.
Representability theorem in derived analytic geometry
Authors: Porta Mauro , Yu Tony Yue
Published: August 2020

We prove the representability theorem in derived analytic geometry. The theorem asserts that an analytic moduli functor is a derived analytic stack if and only if it is compatible with Postnikov towers, has a global analytic cotangent complex, and its truncation is an analytic stack. Our result applies to both derived complex analytic geometry and derived nonarchimedean analytic geometry (rigid analytic geometry). The representability theorem is of both philosophical and practical importance in derived geometry. The conditions of representability are natural expectations for a moduli functor. So the theorem confirms that the notion of derived analytic space is natural and sufficiently general. On the other hand, the conditions are easy to verify in practice. So the theorem enables us to enhance various classical moduli spaces with derived structures, thus providing plenty of down-to-earth examples of derived analytic spaces. For the purpose of proof, we study analytification, square-zero extensions, analytic modules and cotangent complexes in the context of derived analytic geometry. We will explore applications of the representability theorem in our subsequent works. In particular, we will establish the existence of derived mapping stacks via the representability theorem.
Physico-chemical and sensory properties of a cheese-like product from the blend of soymilk and almond milk
Authors: Arise A.K. , Opaleke D.O. , Salami K.O. , Awolola G.V. , Akinboro D.F.
Published: August 2020

In this study, the possibility of producing a cheese-like product from the partial substitution of soy milk with almond milk was investigated. The extracted almond milk was mixed with soy milk in a variable proportion of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, and the control is soya milk alone (0:100) to produce a cheese-like product. Control and partially substituted cheese-like samples were stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4oC and examined for proximate, total titrable acidity, pH, total solid and sensory properties. The total titrable acidity of the cheese was between 0.23% and 0.33%, representing a significant increase in total titrable acidity from 0.23% to 0.33%. The pH increased with increase in the almond milk in the cheese, which varied between 6.45 and 6.90. The proximate composition ranged from 25.67%-29.97% for protein, 22.79%-26.45% for moisture, 30.58%-36.99% for fat, 7.02%-14.61% for carbohydrate, 1.20%-1.79% for ash, and 0.90%-2.03% for fibre. Protein and fat contents increased with increase in almond milk substitution, while carbohydrate and ash content decrease with increasing almond milk substitution. Sensory evaluation revealed a significant difference (p <0.05) in colour, taste, texture and overall acceptability, influenced by the varying proportions of added almond milk. However, there is no significant difference in aroma. The blend with 30% almond milk and 70% soy milk was most acceptable to panelists. The study showed the potential of almond milk as an alternative source of milk in cheese making with improved nutritional value and increased acceptability for the consumer.

Keywords: Cheese-like product, Soy-almond Cheese-like, Soy milk, Almond milk
Classification and assessment of agricultural potential of the lower Niger floodplain soils of Atani, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Okenmuo F.C. , Anochie C.O. , Ukabiala M.E. , Asadu C.L.A. , Kefas P.K. , Akamigbo F.O.R.
Published: August 2020

The soils of Atani floodplain in Anambra State of Nigeria contribute significantly to the food production of the State, hence the need to understand their behavior in order to enhance their management and productivity. Profile pits were sited along three physiographic units viz: levee crest, levee  slope and flood basin. Soil samples were collected from the profile horizons and subjected to standard laboratory procedures. Characterization of the soils was based on their morphological, physical and chemical properties. Soil classification was carried out using the USDA Soil Taxonomy and correlated with FAO/IUSS World Reference Base. Its agricultural potential was assessed using the fertility capability classification. The soils were deep. Topsoil colour was dominantly blackish black (10YR 3/2). Mottles were pervasive; an indication of impeded drainage conditions. The soils were predominantly fine textured. Soil pH values ranged from 4.8 to 6.2. Exchangeable Calcium was low to moderate (2.6-8.2 cmol kg−1); Magnesium was moderate to high (1.6-6.8 cmol kg−1); Sodium was high to very high (1.0-2.5 cmol kg−1), while potassium was high (1.2-4.2 cmol kg−1). Cation  exchange capacity values ranged from 11.6 to 42.6 cmol kg−1. Total nitrogen was very low to low (0.14-1.12 g kg−1), while organic carbon was low to moderate (0.4-15.2 g kg−1). Available phosphorus was very low to high ranging from 0.93 to 31.71 mg kg−1 while base saturation ranged from 64 to 93%. The soils were classified as Typic Fluvaquents (Typic Fluvisols), Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts (Endostagnic Cambisols) and Fluventic Endoaquepts (Endostagnic Cambisols) according to the USDA and FAO/IUSS. The fertility capability evaluation of the soils revealed that the pedons were Lgn in classification due to limitations in drainage.

Key words: alluvium, cambic horizon, Inceptisols, lithologic discontinuity
Water Level and the Potentials for Wetland Formation and Sustainability in Lower Ogun River Floodplain, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunyemi I.A. , Oguntoke O. , Adeofun C.O.
Published: August 2020

Identification, delineation and monitoring of wetlands which requires the understanding and application of their ecological characteristics are critical factors in wetland management and conservation. This study assessed the potentials of wetland formation and sustainability in the lower Ogun river basin by determining the levels of surface and ground water. The study area was divided into 1 km2 grids of 67 units using 0.052 %  sampling intensity for the assessments in dry and wet seasons. Monthly water table levels were assessed in 50 cm soil pit while inundation levels were measured during the flooding event using staff gauge. Assessment was carried out for one year during which frequency and periodicity of water table and inundation events were recorded. Results revealed that low water table level ranged from 5 to 45cm of soil depth and occurred between August and September within 6 grids. Water table and surface water was recorded within a period of 2 – 10 weeks during the rainy season. The peak of water levels coincided with the peak of precipitation (> 200 mm) ranging from 30 to 280 cm between September and October while covering 28.75 km2. Conclusively, surface and groundwater levels were recorded during the rainy season having direct variation with the volume of  precipitation for a duration that is long enough to support the formation of wetland hydrophytes and hydric soil.

Keywords: Wetlands; Hydrology; Ground water; Surface water; Inundation; Precipitation
Chickenpox Vaccination: Knowledge and Attitude of Child-Bearing Women of Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Edje K.E. , Toloyai P.Y. , Mordi J.C. , Daubry T.M.E. , Moke E.G. , Omogbiya A.I. , Samson E.E.
Published: August 2020

Chickenpox is a common childhood disease which is highly contagious. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that in countries where chickenpox is an important public health burden, chickenpox vaccination should be introduced into their routine immunization programs. This present study is to ascertain the level of knowledge and attitude towards chickenpox infection and its vaccination among child-bearing women in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was adopted to assess the knowledge and attitude towards chickenpox vaccination among 140 randomly selected child-bearing mothers residing in Abraka community. Of the 140 respondents, a greater number was within 30-40 years of age (61.4%). Most of the respondents (95.7%) had heard about chickenpox and 77.1% stated correctly its mode of transmitted.Majority were well aware of the signs and symptoms of the infection which included itching rashes (85.7%), blisters and red spots (66.4%), and fever (61.4%). Despite the fact that most of the respondents (72.9%) knew about chickenpox vaccination, only very few (19.3%) claimed to know the vaccine used, with less than half of the respondents (44.3%) correctly indicating two doses as the complete dosing for chickenpox vaccination. A greater proportion (91.4%) of the women had vaccinated their children against chickenpox, and believed that it was effective (82.1%). A high level of knowledge and positive attitude towards chickenpox vaccination among child-bearing women was evident in this study, however, it is paramount to encourage pregnant women and mothers attending antenatal care to immunize their children against vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs).

Keywords: Vaccination, chickenpox, vaccine-preventable diseases, knowledge, Abraka.
Snail Consumption Pattern in Ibarapa Central Local Government of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Babatunde T.O. , Babatunde O.O. , Aduloju A.R. , Oluwalana T.
Published: August 2020

Snails are very high in nutrients such as proteins, iron, and water, while being low in fat, therefore its consumption is popular in various countries around the globe and humans have been consuming snails for thousands of years. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the snail consumption pattern in Ibarapa Central Local Government Area of Oyo state Nigeria using standard structured questionnaire techniques and analyzing the data by descriptive statistics and multiple regression technique. Theresult showed Majority of respondents (56.6%) were female, result showed that 44.4% of the respondents’ were between the age of 31-40 and 59.6% were married and 53.5% of the household have the largest size. Also the result obtained from this study shows that Christian was dominant (55.6%) that consumed snail meat, this indicate that there is no religion barrier on the consumption of the snail meat thereby making snail meat more demanded in the study area. The result shows that snail meat prevent blood pressure, also Regression result showed that Age and health condition increases the rate at which snail is consumed in the study Area. Based on this result it is revealed that income, Taste, Price, Availability and Accessibility were the factor affecting snail consumption pattern in the study Area.

Keywords: Heliculture, Archachatina marginata, Achatina achatina, snail consumption pattern
Formulation and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Isopropyl Hand Sanitizer using Co-processed Excipients
Authors: Akin-Ajani O.D. , Ajala T.O. , Ogunnubi M.A.
Published: August 2020

Background: In response to the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa in the year 2014, which caused the Ebola haemorrhagic fever, the WHO alcohol-based hand rub formulation was adopted in addition to regular hand washing to prevent the spread. However, other formulation factors rather than alcohol concentration alone can greatly influence the overall antimicrobial efficacy of hand disinfectants.Objective: To formulate an antimicrobial hand sanitizer using co-processed carriers.Methodology: Carbopol (F), HPMC (G) and co-processed forms of both polymers in batches- 1:1(A), 1:2(B), 1:4(C), 2:1(D) and 4:1(E) respectively were used. The polymers were characterized, and used as carriers in formulating hand sanitizers (A to G). The formulated hand sanitizers were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, clarity, viscosity, drying time and antimicrobial activity, in comparison to a commercially available hand sanitizer (CAHS).Results: Co-processing significantly (p0.05) improved both hydration capacity of carbopol and viscosity of HPMC. The physical appearance, pH and opacity were maintained throughout the study. All the formulations showed dilatant rheological behaviour while the CAHS exhibited plastic flow. The drying times for the formulated hand sanitizers were comparable to CAHS but longer than isopropyl alcohol implying prolonged action at application site. The antimicrobial activity of the formulations was of the rank order isopropyl alcohol>B>F>CAHS>D>E>C>G>A.Conclusion: Co-processing of excipients improved the pharmaceutical properties of the hand sanitizers with antimicrobial activity that was comparable to CAHS but lower than isopropyl alcohol. The hand sanitizer formulated with polymer batch B, demonstrated optimum antimicrobial and pharmaceutical properties and may be developed for commercial use.

Keywords: Hand sanitizer formulation, Isopropyl alcohol, Carbopol, Hydroxypropyl MethylCellulose, Co-processed excipient.
Physicochemical Characterization of Sus scrofa domesticus Fat and a Preliminary Evaluation of its Potential as a Matrix Former in Ibuprofen Granules
Authors: Uzochukwu C.O. , Eraga S.O. , Eichie F.E.
Published: August 2020

Background: There is an increasing interest and search for local and natural sources as active pharmaceutical excipients.Purpose: The study aimed at investigating the physicochemical characteristics of Sus scrofa domesticus (SSD) fat and its potential as a matrix former in ibuprofen granule formulations.Methods: SSD fat was extracted from the domestic pig by wet rendering and purified. The fat was characterized for its organoleptic and physicochemical properties and used in the formulation of batches of ibuprofen granules by melt granulation using varying concentrations (5.0-15%w/w). Conventional granules were formed with maize starch (15%w/w) for control. Formulated granules were evaluated for flow properties, encapsulated in hard gelatin capsules and subjected to in-vitro drug release studies.Results: SSD fat was snow white in colour. Soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. pH of the fat was 7.4, viscosity (147.4 millipascal), peroxide value (11.0 meq/kg), acid value (3.4) and saponification value (196.3). Granules formulated with SSD fat exhibited poor flowability and their dissolution profiles showed retardation in ibuprofen release with increase in fat concentrations. Granules formulated with 5.0 and 10%w/w of the fat exhibited 43 and 27% ibuprofen release within 4 h while the conventional granules showed a drug release of 98% within 1.0 h.Conclusion: The physicochemical properties of SSD fat was found to possess favourable potential properties relevant in the formulation of a drug delivery system. The retardation of ibuprofen release from the granules showed that SSD fat has a potential application as a matrix former in controlled release formulation.

Keywords: Sus scrofa domesticus, ibuprofen, matrix granules, dissolution profiles
Knowledge of Herbal Medicines and Herb-drug Interaction Among Medical and Pharmacy Students of the University of Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Amaeze O.U. , Olugbake O.A. , Lawal M.
Published: August 2020

Background: Concurrent use of herbal and orthodox medicines can result in herb-drug interaction, which could remain unidentified due to the limited knowledge of health care providers on herbal medicines effects and safety.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of medical and pharmacy students of the University of Lagos on herbal medicines and herb-drug interactions.Method: The study was a cross-sectional survey of final year pharmacy and medical undergraduate students (422) of the University of Lagos. Data was collected using a validated, previously developed, and standardized self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate the students’ demographics, knowledge of herbal medicines and herb-drug interactions, types and uses of herbal medicines, while inferential statistics was employed to assess the association between the students’ demographics and their knowledge of herb-drug interactions. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.Results: The response rate was 97%. The students (98.0%) knew that herbs can be used as medicines; common uses of herbal medicines reported by the students include malaria (11.4%), pain (24.6%), and fever (36.2%). There was no association between the students’ demographics and their knowledge about herbal medicine. Age was significantly associated with knowledge of herb-drug interaction (P<0.05). The students (96.8%) knew that herbs can interact with conventional drugs when administered concurrently. The sources of the students’ knowledge about herbal medicine and herb-drug interaction include lectures (52.2%), literature (14%) and personal experience (13.9%).Conclusion: The students had good knowledge of herbal medicines; however, the subject of herbal medicines and their effects should be given more attention in the medical and pharmacy program curriculum, in order to enhance the students’ knowledge base of herbal medicines and interactions, and equip the future physicians and pharmacists adequately for better patient care.

Keywords: Herbal medicines, Herb-drug interaction, Pharmacy students, Medical students
The Effects of Sintering Temperature and Agro Wastes on the Properties of Insulation Bricks
Authors: Mgbemere H.E. , Obidiegwu E.O. , Ubong A.U.
Published: August 2020

In this research, kaolin, ball clay, sawdust and rice husk were used to produce insulation bricks through the solid state synthesis method. Two temperatures, 1100oC and 1200oC were used to sinter the green samples. X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, compressive strength tests etc. were used to analyse the properties of the produced bricks. Chemical composition analysis on the starting raw materials showed that SiO2 and Al2O3 were the major constituents while Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O and TiO2 were the minor constituents. As the amounts of kaolin used in preparing the samples decrease, the bulk density, modulus of rupture and cold crushing strength of the bricks decreases while the water absorption capacity, linear shrinkage increases. The thermal analysis showed that on heating the samples, the reactions were mainly exothermic with between 8 to 10 mW/mg of heat released. The morphology of the samples showed that the pores began to collapse when the amount of kaolin present is below 70 wt. %. Sintering the samples at 1100oC and 1200oC led to slightly different values in the results and is therefore very significant.

Keywords: Insulation bricks, Kaolin, sawdust, rice husk, temperature effects
Silica Nanoparticles Synthesized from Maize Cob using Modified Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Adekunle Adebisi Jeleel , Agunsoye Johnson Olumuyiwa , Bello Sefiu Adekunle , Haris M. , Senthilkumar M. , Rherari Amal , Hassan Suleiman Bolaji
Published: August 2020

Silica has found applications in many industries. Its production from agricultural wastes has been reported but with marked agglomeration of the final product. This work investigated production of silica nanoparticles from maize cob and effect of sol-gel modification with ethylene glycol on degree of agglomeration was also examined. This work also explored the effects of acid pre/post calcination treatments of the maize cob. Maize cob was treated with HCl prior to and after calcination. Using sol-gel method, silica was produced from both untreated and treated maize cobs. Ethylene glycol was also added to sodium silicate prior to precipitation of silica gel for modification of the conventional sol-gel procedure. The results showed that acid treatments affect the purity of silica nanoparticles. Ethylene glycol was observed to reduce degree of agglomeration in silica nanoparticles production from agricultural wastes. Silica nanoparticles of sizes between 5 and 50 nm were successfully synthesized.

Keywords: Agricultural Wastes, Maize cob, Amorphous silica, Agglomeration, Sol-gel, Acid pre-treatment.
Strength and Micro-Structural Properties of Wood Chips Composite Panel
Authors: Akpenpuun T.D. , Iyanda M.O. , Ajayi-Banji A.A. , Busari R.A. , Gbadeyanka R.
Published: August 2020

Global warming primarily due to deforestation has led to the development of new materials to substitute felling of trees by wood-based industries. The utilisation of wood chips and cassava starch for the production of particle board was the thrust of this research. The chip sizes of 0.85 and 1.7 mm, dosage and types of binders (cassava starch, urea formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde modified cassava starch) were the variables. The ratio of wood chips to the binders was 1.0:1.5. Theboards were formed in rectangular moulds. Water absorption, thickness swelling, flexural tests and material characterisation (using scanning electron microscope (SEM)) were carried out. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance. The result obtained was subjected to analysis of variance. The particleboards produced with modified cassava starch had the best mechanical properties with the modulus of elasticity (MOE) ranging from 5.90 to 32.32 N/mm2but had a higher thickness swelling values ranging from 3 to 59.37%. There was a significant difference (p<0.01) between the boards manufactured using plain starch and modified starch. These tests results have shown that wood chips, plain cassava starch and modified cassava starch are sources of raw materials in the production of particleboard. The developed particleboard can be used for paneling, partitioning and ceilings.

Keywords: SEM, flexural, global warming, starch,
Semantic Fields and Collocational Restriction: Insights from Igbo
Authors: Bright-Ajoku Chibunma Amara , Mbata Carolyn O.
Published: August 2020

This work has considered the field theory in semantics which has to do with semantic fields and collocation. It is an established fact that there exists an inter-related network of words or what we call semantic field. Words of a language belong to different groups, words of each groups are related in one way or the other and are said to belong to the same semantic field. Based on their relationship there is always a collocational restriction in their usage. These networks and collocation are built on sense relations in a language (Syal and Jindal 155). Based on this fact, some sense relations were considered in this work in other to bring the term ‘semantic field’ home. Some collocates obtainable in Igbo were identified. Furthermore, the three kinds of collocational restrictions identified by (Palmer 79) were analyzed and illustrated using Igbo examples. However, it was also noted that just as some other languages, collocational restrictions are not applicable to all lexical items in Igbo. In other words, some words have no specific collocational restrictions.
Examples in Igbo-English Dictionaries
Authors: Chukwuogor Mbanefo
Published: August 2020

A bilingual dictionary example is a verbal or non-verbal phrase or a grammatically complete sentence that includes the lemma and is translated from the source language to the target language or vice versa (Toope 1996). The use of examples in bilingual dictionaries has been an issue of discussion for many lexicographers like Al Kasimi (1977), Zofgen (1991), Jacobsen et al (1991), and Nielsen (2014) among others. This issue includes questions like ‘What is an effective example?’, ‘Should examples be based on authentic material or should they be written (invented) by the lexicographer? This paper reviews metalexicographic literature on examples in bilingual dictionaries while focusing on two Igbo-English dictionaries with a view to finding out if certain considerations were taken into account in the use of examples. Consequently, it is observed that factors such as availability of space, dictionary type as well as idiosyncratic information, amount of information to be given and the need for generalization all influence the use of examples in both dictionaries thereby leading the researcher to conclude that the use of examples in Igbo-English dictionaries does not deviate but aligns with the norms reviewed in the literature.

Keywords: Bilingual Dictionary, Metalexicography, Lemma, Examples
Students’ Perception of Mystical and Pathogenic Agents of Disease Causation in Enugu State Nigeria
Authors: Anizoba Emmanuel C. , Okereke Innocent Ebere , Chiazo Nganwuchu, Geoffrey
Published: August 2020

The study investigated students’ perception of mystical and pathogenic agents of disease causation. Guided by four research questions and two null hypotheses, the study employed a descriptive survey research design. It was carried out in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State of Nigeria. A sample of 370 SS2 Biology students was drawn from the population (4,828) using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire in Likert format whose reliability coefficient was 0.84, determined using Cronbach Alpha. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that students were aware that pathogenic agents such as virus, bacteria, pathogenic fungi, protozoa and some worms cause diseases to man. They had the awareness that some diseases are associated with mystical agents such as oath-breaking, and witches among others. Also, students’ school location had no significant influence on their mean perception scores of the mystical and pathogenic agents of disease causation. These enable students to have a broader knowledge of disease causations and being able to avoid such causes in order to build a healthy sustainable future. Recommendations and conclusion were made.

Keywords: Students, Biology, Diseases, Mystical Agents, and Pathogenic Agents
Đổi mới mô hình kinh doanh và kết quả hoạt động của doanh nghiệp khởi nghiệp: Bằng chứng tại Việt Nam
Authors: Thu Nguyễn Quang , Huân Ngô Quang , Ghi Trần Nha
Published: August 2020

Theo thống kê của GEM (2018) cho thấy tỷ lệ khởi nghiệp thành công của các doanh nghiệp khởi nghiệp có thời gian hoạt động dưới 3,5 năm là 20,8%. Sự thất bại của các doanh nghiệp khởi nghiệp được đề cập là đổi mới mô hình kinh doanh chưa hiệu quả. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm kiểm định mối quan hệ giữa đổi mới mô hình kinh doanh và kết quả hoạt động của doanh nghiệp khởi nghiệp bằng phương pháp ước lượng mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính tối thiểu từng phần (PLS-SEM) với cỡ mẫu là 150 doanh nghiệp khởi nghiệp. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy 3 thành phần của đổi mới mô hình kinh doanh: đổi mới giá trị sáng tạo, đổi mới giá trị cung cấp và đổi mới giá trị nắm giữ ảnh hưởng cùng chiều đến kết quả hoạt động trong giai đoạn đầu khởi nghiệp. Kết quả nghiên cứu đem lại giá trị thực tiễn cho các doanh nghiệp khởi nghiệp và các tổ chức hỗ trợ khởi nghiệp trong việc thực hiện đổi mới mô hình kinh doanh. Cuối cùng, nghiên cứu đưa ra một số hạn chế và hướng nghiên cứu tiếp theo.
Ảnh hưởng của sự đồng cảm, hành vi hướng đến khách hàng của nhân viên giao dịch đến sự hài lòng của khách hàng
Authors: Nam Trần Thế
Published: August 2020

Phân tích các tiền tố ảnh hưởng đến sự hài lòng của khách hàng là một chủ đề hấp dẫn. Bài viết được thực hiện với mục tiêu xác định ảnh hưởng của sự đồng cảm, hành vi hướng đến khách hàng của nhân viên đến sự hài lòng của khách hàng với nhân viên giao dịch ở thị trường giao dịch chứng khoán tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Mô hình phương trình cấu trúc bình phương tối thiểu từng phần (PLS – SEM) được sử dụng để kiểm định các giả thuyết, bằng việc sử dụng dữ liệu khảo sát của 211 cặp nhân viên giao dịch – khách hàng. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy các tiền tố có ảnh hưởng tích cực đến sự hài lòng của khách hàng. Kết quả nghiên cứu có giá trị lý thuyết lẫn thực tiễn. Về mặt lý thuyết, kết quả nghiên cứu củng cố lý thuyết trao đổi xã hội. Về mặt thực tiễn, các nhà quản lý cần tuyển chọn những ứng viên có sự đồng cảm cho các vị trí có sự tiếp xúc nhiều với khách hàng để góp phần gia tăng sự hài lòng của khách hàng trong quá trình giao dịch. Ngoài ra, các hoạt động tập huấn cũng giúp nâng cao sự đồng cảm của nhân viên.
Ảnh hưởng của mối quan tâm nghề nghiệp đến nhà quản lý đến hiệu quả đầu tư – Nghiên cứu thực nghiệm ở Việt Nam
Authors: Minh Lê Thị Hồng , An Trương Thúy
Published: August 2020

Bài nghiên cứu được thực hiện đánh giá tác động của mối quan tâm nghề nghiệp của nhà quản lý ảnh hưởng như thế nào đến hiệu quả đầu tư của doanh nghiệp. Dữ liệu nghiên cứu gồm 78 công ty được niêm yết trên hai sàn chứng khoán là HNX và HOSE trong đó có 13 doanh nghiệp nhà nước và 65 doanh nghiệp tư nhân trong giai đoạn 2010-2017. Sử dụng phương pháp hồi quy FGLS, nghiên cứu tìm thấy rằng những CEO lớn tuổi thì đầu tư sẽ có hiệu quả hơn và ít chấp nhận rủi ro hơn. Ngoài ra, những CEO mới được bổ nhiệm đa số thường đầu tư dưới mức tối ưu, họ quan tâm đến danh tiếng bản thân hơn là mục tiêu của doanh nghiệp.
COVID-19 and the Oil Price – Stock Market Nexus: Evidence From Net Oil-Importing Countries
Authors: Prabheesh K.P. , Padhan Rakesh , Garg Bhavesh
Published: August 2020

This study focuses on the relation between stock price returns and oil price returns covering the COVID-19 period. This relation is examined for major net oil-importing Asian countries. Utilizing daily data, we fit a DCC-GARCH model. We find evidence of a positive co-movement between oil price returns and stock price returns during the COVID-19 period. This indicates that falling oil prices act as a negative signal for the stock market.
Intervensi Endovaskular Aneurisma Aorta Torako-Abdominalis Pada Pasien dengan Sindrom Marfan: Tinjauan Literatur
Authors: Darwis Patrianef , Vanto Yoni
Published: August 2020

Latar Belakang. Sindroma Marfan merupakan penyakit jaringan ikat yang diturunkan secara autosom dominan dengan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas akibat kelainan aorta. Bedah terbuka merupakan tata laksana utama untuk kelainan aorta pada pasien sindrom Marfan, namun tidak semua pasien dapat dilakukan bedah terbuka, misalkan pada kondisi hemodinamik yang tidak stabil dan usia tua. Intervensi endovaskular merupakan salah satu pendekatan tata laksana minimal invasif yang masih kontroversial karena adanya risiko kegagalan primer berupa kebocoran aneurisma.

Metode. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan secara daring pada 3 database: PubMed, ClinicalKey, dan ScienceDirect. Dilakukan pemilihan studi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi literatur. Artikel terpilih ditelaah secara kritis berdasarkan alur seleksi dari PRISMA Flow Diagram. Didapatkan 6 artikel yang ditelaah secara kritis

Hasil. Tiga literatur mengenai prosedur endovaskular menunjukkan angka keberhasilan prosedur berkisar 20%-38% dengan risiko kegagalan primer (primary endoleak) yang cukup tinggi. Kematian akibat aneurisma lebih tinggi pada pasien sindrom Marfan yang menjalani teknik endovaskular dibandingkan pasien yang dilakukan bedah terbuka.

Kesimpulan. Prosedur endovaskular dapat dijadikan alternatif tatalaksana dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi pasien. Sedikitnya jumlah subyek pada penelitian-penelitian yang ada serta waktu follow-up yang singkat menyebabkan efektivitas teknik endovaskular masih diragukan jika dibandingkan dengan prosedur bedah terbuka.

Kata kunci: sindrom marfan, endovaskular, bedah terbuka, aneurisma aorta, torako-abdominal
Hubungan Kadar Malondialdehide (MDA) Testis dengan Kualitas Spermatozoa pada Tikus Putih Strain Wistar (Rattus novergicus) Diabetes Tipe I
Authors: Deslo Jauhari , Ismy Jufriady , Dasrul Dasrul
Published: August 2020

Latar Belakang. Hyperglikemia pada diabetes melitus tipe 1 diduga berperan dalam peningkatan radikal bebas (oksidan) dan penurunan antioksidan darah. Peningkatan senyawa radikal bebas memicu peroksidasi lipid pada darah dan testis yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar malondialdehid (MDA) testis dan penurunan kualitas spermatozoa.

Tujuan Penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar MDA testis dengan kualitas spermatozoa tikus putih diabetes mellitus tipe 1.

Metode Penelitian. Desain penelitian ini adalah static comparison group dan menggunakan uji analitik observasional. Subjek penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 16 ekor tikus putih normal dan 16 ekor tikus putih dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 1 yang diinduksi aloksan. Kadar MDA spermatozoa diukur dengan menggunakan uji TBA dan spektrofotometer. Penilaian kualitas spermatozoa (jumlah, persentase motilitas dan morfologi normal spermatozoa) dilakukan dengan menggunakan standar WHO. Data kadar MDA testis dan kualitas spermatozoa (jumlah, motilitas dan morfologi spermatozoa) dianalisis dengan uji-t independent, sedangkan hubungan antara kadar MDA dengan kualitas spermatozoa dianalisis dengan korelasi pearson menggunakan spss 21.0.

Hasil Penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kadar MDA testis tikus normal berbeda secara nyata (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan tikus putih DM. Jumlah, motilitas dan morfologi normal spermatozoa tikus putih normal berbeda secara nyata (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan pada tikus putih DM. Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara kadar MDA testis dengan jumlah, motilitas dan morfologi normal spermatozoa dengan arah negatif (R= - 0,877; - 0,804 dan - 0,795).

Kesimpulan. Kadar MDA testis berhubungan secara kuat dengan kualitas (jumlah, motilitas dan morfologi normal) spermatozoa dengan arah negatif.

Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus, malondialdehida testis, kualitas spermatozoa
A contribution to the tick (Acari: Ixodidae) fauna of Turkey: The first record of Ixodes inopinatus Estrada-Peña, Nava & Petney
Authors: BURSALI Ahmet , TEKİN Şaban , KESKİN Adem
Published: August 2020

Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites of terrestrial vertebrates. The genus Ixodes Latreille is the largest among hard ticks, and the members of the genus are spread around the world. In the present study, we reported presence of Ixodes inopinatus Estrada-Peña, Nava & Petney, 2014 in Turkey for the first time. The specimens of I. inopinatus (1 male, 6 females) were collected from cattle in Ordu province, Turkey.
Li-ion Battery Aging Conscious Intelligent Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Electric Buses
Authors: Herrera Perez Victor Isaac , López Jon Ander , Lucu Mattin , Goitia Nerea , Gaztañaga Haizea , Camblong Haritza
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is to propose a battery aging conscious energy management strategy. The initial design of an energy management strategy is a significant point, in order to fulfill the efficiency goals in a short term. However, with the aging, the initial conditions vary. The new trend of digitalization allows to monitor the operation, having the possibility to improve the performance of the initial proposed strategy in a long term. Therefore, a methodology for updating the energy management strategy along the bus lifetime is proposed, in order to improve the operation costs and extend the battery lifetime. This methodology is based on a dynamic programming optimization, tuning the membership functions in a fuzzy logic control. The simulation results show a reduction of the operation costs up to 47% together with a BT lifetime extension of around 2.94%.
Análisis de los Niveles de Campos Eléctricos de la Banda GSM 1900MHz en la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo
Authors: Infante Moreira Pedro Severo , Ortiz Mosquera Neiser , Trujillo Ximena
Published: August 2020

Se presenta un análisis de los campos electromagnéticos medidos en los predios de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, la misma que cuenta con una población universitaria considerable con cerca de 14000 estudiantes más el personal administrativo y docentes quienes se mantienen expuestos diariamente durante sus horas laborales a las radiaciones no ionizantes generadas por una estación base instalada por una operadora de servicio de telefonía móvil, lo que a llevado a preguntarse si la salud de quienes se encuentran expuestos a estas radiaciones podría estar comprometida debido a ello, el presente estudio investigativo desarrollo mediciones en  la banda GSM 1900MHz, durante siete días en una ubicación fija a 370m de la antena. Con el objetivo de determinar si los niveles obtenidos se mantienen en los límites establecidos por el ente regulador o existe algún motivo para que la población continúe con su preocupación debido al creciente número de antenas para el servicio de telefonía móvil y banda ancha móvil. En la discusión de los resultados se pudo establecer que los campos electromagnéticos encontrados se encuentran dentro de los límites establecidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
The Relationship Among Nutrition Knowledge, Vegetable Diet, Nutrition Status of Don Bosco Elementary Students, Manado
Authors: Meity Sasube Laurensi , Luntungan Aldian Hein
Published: August 2020

Children in urban area tend to abandon healthy diet, since there are a lot of fast food options available around. In general, children valued the importance of nutrition, but they did not concern the health benefit of foods in food selections. Their dietary quality was not satisfactory, and the diet of most children did not meet the recommended serving requirements for vegetable, fruit, cereal and milk. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship among Nutrition knowledge, vegetables diet and Nutritional Status of Elementary Students at Don Bosco Catholic School Manado. This is a cross sectional study in which we explored the nutritional status of Don Bosco Elementary Students based on nutrition knowledge, vegetable diet and Body Mass Index with questionnaire instrument, anthropometric measurements from June to August 2019. The nutritional status of Don Bosco Elementary School students based on body mass index (BMI) shows that students with normal and overweight nutritional status share an equal comparison that is 1:1 (50%), while the level of student knowledge about nutrition was dominated by students with poor knowledge that is 67.7%. This is also in line with the pattern of vegetables consuming which is also poor at 56.3%. Based on the results of Chi-Square analysis there is no significant relationship between the levels of nutritional knowledge of students with vegetable consumption patterns. Conversely, there is no relationship between the levels of nutritional knowledge of students with nutritional status based on Body Mass Index (BMI).
Development of Integrated Offline Learning Multimedia to Improve Student Learning Out Comes
Authors: Kuron M A , Tompodung M L
Published: August 2020

The research about development of integrated offline leaning multimedia aims to improve student learning outcomes and facilitate the learning process effect of use science materials teaching used multimedia software to improve students achievement. The subject of this research is VIIIB class with 22 numbers at Ranoyapo 2 State Junior High School. The research use Research and Delevopment (R & D) method with design by subject of experiment and seven models of development by Brog and Gall. This model consist of 7 step that are 1) Planning 2) Exploration study 3) Product development 4) Validation, 5) Data collection and analysis, 6) Product revition and 7) Dessimination. This integrated offline learning multimedia has been test by materials and media expert with questioner and has been revision. After that, the integrated offline learning multimedia has been tested by students in class VIIIB to known the student respons and student achievement with straight motion materials at sciences lesson. In the real class, students have given two treatments also called one period and two period. One period, students has teached by conventional models by commonly media used and Second period, students has teached used integrated offline learning multimedia that is research produce. The significant of normality by first period is 0.070 and the second is 0.133 is higher than the 0.05 of degree so that we conclusion that both of period are normal distribution. The analysed of this research used SPSS application be obtained significansi<0.05 so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, so the conclution said that there is a significant influence on student learning outcomes between teached by integrated offline leaning multimedia models and teached by conventional models.
Calculating Premium Credibility Using the Buhlmann-Straub Modelwith Nonparametric Assessment
Authors: Susanti Dwi , Sukono Sokono
Published: August 2020

When an insurance company calculates the premium it will divides the policy holders into groups. The division is considered based on risk level in each group. The problem is then to devise a way of combining the experience risk of the group with the experience of the individual risk to calculate the premium, so then Credibility Theory provides a solution to this problem.This script discuss about calculation of credibility premium use Buhlmann-Straub Model with nonparametric estimation to the aggregate claim amount data set within few years observation in some group of policy holders inÂ  general insurance. By using credibility theory we can calculate the value of credibility factor and credibility premium or future premium. The value of premium credibility is calculated from only one group of policyholders from the previous year's data. For better value of premium credibility, data with more experience years and the policyholder group better reflect the total loss value during the observation year.The result of this calculation are credibility factor per group, average credibility premium per members in group and credibility premium total for the last year for each group. We can obtain total losses and total premium which surprisingly equal.Â
Linear Integer Optimization Model for Two-Stage Guillotine Cutting Stock Problem Using Branch and Bound Method in the Garment Industry
Authors: Lesmana Eman , Nahar Julita , D. P Annisa
Published: August 2020

This paper discusses the Two-Stage Guillotine Cutting Stock Problem (2GCSP) in the garment industry, namely how to determine the two-stage guillotine pattern that is used to cut fabric stocks into several certain size t-shirt materials that are produced based on the demand for each size of the shirt. 2GCSP is modeled in the form of Linear Integer Optimization and finding solutions using the Branch and Bound method. In this paper also presented a Graphical User Interface with Maple software as an interactive tool to find the best fabric stock cutting patterns. The results show that the optimal solution can be determined by solving numerically using the Branch and Bound method and Maple optimization packages. The solution is shown with an illustration of the pattern and the amount of fabric cut based on the pattern.
NUEVAS MEDIDAS TERAPÉUTICAS EN DIABETES
Authors: Martí Manuel
Published: August 2020

La diabetes no es una enfermedad innocua  y su presencia se liga íntimamente a sus complicaciones específicas y a las primeras causas de mortalidad, tales como las patologías cardiovasculares.Estos factores -la alta prevalencia de la enfermedad y la historia natural de la misma- han sido el motor primordial para que las autoridades sanitarias y la industria farmacéutica traten de encontrar medidas útiles para la prevención y el tratamiento de esta patología.