bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Occupational Workforce and Practices in New York Metropolitan Nail Salons
Authors: Seo Jin Young , Han Inkyu , Au Elaine , Li Anqi , Tomas Chestine , Chao Ying-Yu
Published: October 2024

This study investigated workforce characteristics, work practices, protective measures, and health symptoms among nail salon workers in New York and New Jersey following the implementation of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) regulations in New York. An online survey conducted from 2022 to 2023 targeted registered nail salons and manicurists in both states ( N = 146). The majority of respondents were Asian, primarily Korean (52.1%) and Chinese (26%). In New York, 79% of salons had a mechanical ventilation system, including LEV, while in New Jersey, where no ventilation regulation exists, only 52% of nail salons had mechanical ventilation systems. A substantial proportion of manicurists reported health-related concerns (40.5%) and symptoms related to chemical exposure (67.6%). The study emphasizes the need for continuous and improved illness prevention strategies, including the use of safer products, comprehensive health and safety training, and effective ventilation practices, to better protect nail salon workers.
Living for the Moment – How Important Is It in the End of Life?
Authors: Chintapalli Renuka
Published: October 2024

This essay investigates the role of present-moment living in end-of-life care, drawing on reflections from a personal patient encounter in a palliative care setting, Mrs. B, a 63-year-old patient with terminal squamous cell lung cancer, whose experience underscores the impact of living with a sense of fulfillment and joy despite a life-limiting diagnosis. Mrs. B’s approach to her illness—marked by an optimistic acceptance of mortality and a focus on daily joys—challenges traditional palliative care paradigms that emphasize somberness and future-oriented care. Through detailed narrative and reflective analysis, the essay highlights how Mrs. B’s resilience and spiritual beliefs contributed to her ability to maintain a positive outlook in the face of terminal illness. This case study illustrates the potential for joy and present-moment living to coexist with palliative care practices, offering a nuanced perspective on patient care. The discussion extends to the implications for healthcare professionals, advocating for a more adaptable and empathetic approach that aligns with individual patient values and preferences. This reflection calls for a shift in palliative care practices towards recognizing and supporting the diverse ways patients navigate their end-of-life experiences.
Idea to Ink: Lessons From Failure to Publish
Authors: Alday Sandra Seno
Published: October 2024

Writing and publishing are critical components of an academic career. For many years however, my idealized notions of scholarly writing were demolished by painful and traumatic attempts to publish. The significant time and effort poured into crafting an academic article yielded desk rejection after desk rejection, at times unkind and unhelpful reviews, and a growing pile of unsent manuscripts gathering cyber dust in deliberately forgotten archived folders. I was both astounded and relieved at the discovery that I was not alone in my frustration. So, I turned my academic publishing failure into a subject of research. In this essay, I reflect on what it means to be a scholar and share the lessons I learned about the common blind spots that often lead to a failure to publish. Using management education scholarship as an example, I break down my writing process into stages, identify pitfalls at each stage, and describe the writing guardrails I put in place to keep my academic manuscript drafts on track. I share these lessons not from a place of exceptional success but from a place of failure, recognizing that lessons from many unsuccessful attempts offer equally important insights into what it means to succeed.
Nurse-Involved Policy, Systems, and Environmental School-Based Interventions for Supporting Healthy Nutrition and Obesity Prevention Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Francis Lucine , Peterson Jennifer K. , Peary Alexandra , Estrada-Ibarra Erika , Russell Nancy G. , Schroeder Krista
Published: October 2024

Overweight and obesity are common in school-age children. Policy, system, and environmental (PSE) approaches—which entail making upstream changes to a school's context—can be leveraged to reduce childhood obesity. Nurses can advance PSE approaches in schools to promote healthy living habits. This review examines the effect of nurse-involved PSE interventions globally to promote healthy nutrition and reduce obesity in schools. We conducted a literature search using multiple databases from 2010 to 2023 for nurse-involved studies that implemented interventions focused on PSE change related to promoting healthy nutrition or reducing obesity in school settings. Twenty interventions globally were included in the systematic review synthesis. Improvements in anthropometrics, health and nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs were observed. PSE interventions can be leveraged to promote healthy nutrition and reduce obesity in school settings. Nurses in varying roles are uniquely qualified to advocate for and implement school-based interventions focused on PSE change.
The Adoptee Consciousness Model: Integration with Family Counseling Theory and Practice
Authors: Branco Susan F. , Kim JaeRan , Newton Grace
Published: October 2024

Transracial adult adoptee storylines are increasingly represented across media platforms, yet counseling practice guidelines for the population remain limited. The authors provide updated counseling strategies by applying the Adoptee Consciousness Model (ACM). Via a fictitious case study of one adult transracial adoptee, the authors integrate the ACM with three family systems theories. Recommendations for individual, couple, and family counselors and therapists are provided.
The Social Memory of Sexual Violence: “You Touch One, You Touch Us All”
Authors: Velte Samara
Published: October 2024

The social imaginary that legitimizes sexual violence is continuously reinforced by discourses that are deployed in the aftermath of physical attacks. These, in turn, nourish a specific type of collective memory from which clear social identities emerge. This article identifies the textual trajectories of social meanings associated with sexual violence and their discursive expressions in media, legal, and political discourses. The examples provided here are related to the Spanish “wolf pack case” and its social and political consequences. It concludes that the case not only generated a conceptual battle about violence but also a mnemonic dispute related to newly interpellated subjectivities.
Development and validation of the chemotherapy adherence assessment scale (CAAS)
Authors: Prakash G Hari , Kumar D Sunil , PK Kiran , Arun Vanishri , Yadav Deepika
Published: October 2024

Background

Adherence to chemotherapy regimens is crucial for achieving optimal treatment outcomes in cancer patients. However, measuring adherence remains a significant challenge. This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive self-report tool for assessing chemotherapy adherence.

Methods

The Chemotherapy Adherence Assessment Scale (CAAS) was developed through a multi-stage process involving literature review, expert input, and pilot testing. Face validation was conducted with 23 subject experts, and content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI). The CAAS was pilot-tested on 28 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Psychometric properties were evaluated through internal consistency analysis (Cronbach’s alpha) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA).

Results

Face validation revealed 85% agreement among experts regarding grammar, clarity, and content. The CVI was 0.81 for individual items and 0.83 for the overall scale, indicating good content validity. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.789, demonstrating strong internal consistency. The EFA yielded a robust five-factor structure, explaining 94.63% of the total variance. Most items exhibited strong factor loadings (>0.7) and high communalities (>0.7), supporting the construct validity of the CAAS.

Conclusions

The CAAS demonstrated robust psychometric properties, including good content validity, high internal consistency, and a well-defined factor structure capturing key dimensions of chemotherapy adherence. The CAAS represents a valuable contribution to adherence assessment in oncology settings, with potential applications in clinical practice and adherence interventions.
Development of an exposure assessment industrial model for Bacillus cereus in rice matrix containing insect chitosan
Authors: Valdez-Narváez María Inés , Fernández-Felipe M Teresa , Rodrigo Dolores
Published: October 2024

An exposure assessment model for industrial use has been developed by using kinetic data from inactivation and growth of Bacillus cereus spores. It can provide a valuable tool for estimating the concentration of B. cereus after a storage period of 24 h at a specified temperature (20 °C) and for an estimation of the percentage of contaminated portions according to the input data of the model. This model considers a rice-derived product that has undergone a standard cooking process at 95 °C for 20 min. According to the results, the presence of chitosan affects the final microbial load after storage, potentially serving as an additional control measure in the event of cold chain abuse or break. Chitosan's antimicrobial properties likely play a role in reducing microbial growth during storage, thereby contributing to enhanced food safety. In practical terms, this suggests that incorporating chitosan into food products, especially those susceptible to microbial contamination like rice derivatives, could help mitigate risks associated with temperature abuse or cold chain disruptions. By acting as a protective barrier against microbial proliferation, chitosan offers a preventive measure to maintain product quality and safety throughout the supply chain. Considering two scenarios, 104 or 107 as initial contamination the model estimated that the 55 and 100% of portions would be respectively contaminated, according to a Performance Criteria of 4 log reductions.
Structure, Inhibitors, and Biological Function in Nervous System and Cancer of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 46
Authors: Thi Pham Khanh Huyen , Tran Manh Hung , Nam Le Ba , Pham Phu Tran Vinh , Nguyen Tan Khanh
Published: October 2024

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) prevent ubiquitination by eliminating ubiquitin from their substrates. Deubiquitinating enzymes have important roles in a number of cell biology subfields that are highly relevant to diseases like neurodegeneration, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and long-term inflammation. Deubiquitinating enzymes feature a well-defined active site and, for the most part, catalytic cysteine, which makes them appealing targets for small-molecule drug development. Ubiquitin-specific protease 46 (USP46) is a member of the ubiquitin-specific protease family, the largest subfamily of DUBs. Over the past 10 years, some studies have steadily demonstrated the significance of USP46 in several biological processes, although it was identified later and early research progress was modest. Specifically, in the last few years, the carcinogenic properties of USP46 have become more apparent. In the current review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge about USP46 including its characteristics, structure, inhibitors, function in diseases, especially in the nervous system, and the correlation of USP46 with cancers.
Synergism of h-BN and La2O3 in improving the tribological performance of Al2O3 coatings
Authors: Singh Khushneet , Ul Haq Mir Irfan , Mohan Sanjay
Published: October 2024

Wear is a significant cause of material loss, contributing to surface degradation of crucial components, notably within engineering sectors. This article is dedicated to enhancing tribological properties through the implementation of Al2O3-based ceramic coatings, specifically targeting situations where reciprocating sliding wear predominates. This study introduces lanthanum oxide (La2O3), a rare earth oxide, as a reinforcing material in Al2O3 coatings in varying weight percentages of 1.2%, 1.6%, and 1.8% respectively along with 3% hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). The coatings were developed by the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) surface modification technique, with SS304 serving as the substrate. The porosity, hardness, and chemical composition of the developed coatings were examined. Additionally, reciprocating tribological testing of the coatings was conducted at two loads (5 N and 15 N) under dry sliding conditions. Results indicated that coating containing 95.4% Al2O3–3% h-BN–1.6% La2O3 reduced the porosity up to 50% and improved hardness by 46% compared to the 97% Al2O3–3% h-BN coating. The formation of the α-Al2O3 phase leads to an increase in coating hardness and a reduction in porosity. Notably, the coating comprising 97% Al2O3–3% h-BN exhibited the lowest coefficient of friction among all developed coatings under both loads. Furthermore, an increase in load led to a decrease in the coefficient of friction for all developed coatings. Furthermore, the addition of La2O3 (1.6 wt%) to the coating with 3 wt% h-BN exhibited the lowest wear at both loads. The findings also revealed increased wear at high loads for all developed coatings. SEM, EDS, and XRD analysis of the worn surfaces revealed the contribution of h-BN and La2O3 in enhancing friction behavior through the formation of oxides such as α-Al2O3, B2O3, Al8B2O15, and Al11La0.497O17, along with alterations in wear mechanism and the size of wear debris. The composite coatings developed in this study shall be helpful in advanced engineering applications.
Wedge-loading planetary traction drive: Modeling and performance analysis
Authors: Li Wangzhen , Wang Guangjian , Jiang Yujiang
Published: October 2024

The continuous development of motors with high speed and high power density has significantly increased the demand for high-speed reducers. Traction drive has emerged as a new option for high-speed reducers due to its high transmission efficiency and accuracy in high-speed transmission. In the previous theoretical studies on traction drive, the traction coefficient was set as a fixed value, and the influence of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) on the traction coefficient was ignored. Therefore, this paper investigated the wedge-loading planetary traction drive (WL-PTD) and established a theoretical model combining the macroscopic and microscopic traction mechanisms of the traction drive based on Hertzian contact and mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (mixed EHL). The loading principle and transmission performance of WL-PTD were studied through numerical computations, and the effects of different design parameters on transmission performance were discussed. When the input speed of WL-PTD was 10,000 rpm, the peak value of the global sliding coefficient was approximately 1.27×10−5, and the maximum transmission efficiency reached 97.41%, indicating an excellent transmission performance of the WL-PTD. The findings of this study can provide theoretical guidance for subsequent optimization design.
Study of the rotating arc on the tribological behavior of hardbanding for oil drilling tubes
Authors: Gramajo Jonathan , Gualco Agustin , Svoboda Hernan G.
Published: October 2024

In this work, four welded coupons were evaluated with a welding speed of 5, 9, 11 and 13 mm/s. A semi-automatic welding process was used under gas protection, using a 1.6 mm diameter tubular wire. The chemical composition was analyzed on each welded coupon, the dilution percentage was determined, the dimensional of the beads was carried out and the microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the Vickers microhardness HV2 in the middle of the bead were measured. It was found that the dilution decreased up to 22% (a decrease of 80% compared to traditional welds). Furthermore, the beads presented less refusion with the base material, increasing their width and penetration. A microstructure formed by an “α matrix” was observed, with complex metallic carbides and carboborides which increased in quantity when considering the effects of the rotating arc method Also, it was observed a microstructure formed by a matrix α with complex metal carbides and carboborides that increased in quantity with the effect of the rotating arc. The hardness of the beads varied between 720 and 780 HV2. The weight loss and the friction coefficient decreased with the application of the arc rotation. These changes would be related to the increase in non-metallic phases.
Retaliation in workplace sexual assault: The effect of #MeToo on federal court cases in the United States
Authors: Honorée André L , Brady Lisa L , Juban Rusty L
Published: October 2024

The number of federal claims filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in the United States by alleged victims of workplace sexual assault increased following the #MeToo movement along with allegations of retaliation by employers against these victims for making formal claims of sexual discrimination. This study distinctively presents an examination, not of the number of EEOC claims, but instead those claims which became federal court cases over the last three years in which a claims of workplace retaliation were alleged because of sexual assault in the workplace. The study provides an empirical examination of numerous characteristics, related factors, and outcomes of such retaliation cases involving sexual assault in the contemporary #MeToo era. The implications of these diverse results are advanced along with recommendations for employers and employees alike.
Carotid web: Pathophysiology, diagnostic, and therapeutic options. A narrative review
Authors: Rivoire Emeraude , Della Schiava Nellie , Rouvière Olivier , Pagnoux Gaele , Cho Tae-hee , Millon Antoine , Long Anne
Published: October 2024

A carotid web (CaWeb), otherwise known as a carotid bulb diaphragm, is a spur of intimal fibrous tissue extending into the carotid bulb. It is a rare, underdiagnosed cause of ischemic strokes in young people. The purpose of this narrative review was to provide an update on CaWebs, highlighting recent evolutions in their management. We undertook a comprehensive literature search on main electronic databases – MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE – using a dedicated equation to include studies up to February 13, 2024. We also searched for the most recent guidelines about carotid disease or stroke including CaWeb management. A CaWeb is found in up to 10% of young patients, particularly young women, with severe anterior stroke due to an arterial–arterial embolism from the intra-nidus thrombus. Most patients with a CaWeb have less than 50% stenosis on duplex ultrasound, and diagnosis is mostly obtained by computed tomography angiography. When applying traditional stenosis criteria for symptomatic disease (> 50% stenosis), this highly morbid condition is easily overlooked, leading to recurrent strokes. Antithrombotic treatment is associated with a high recurrence rate of stroke after the index event. The first-line treatment of symptomatic CaWebs is increasingly based on endarterectomy or stenting. The lack of recommendations before 2021 and recent discordant guidelines make CaWeb management complex. No guidelines are available to manage patients with asymptomatic CaWebs. Results from ongoing multicenter registries will be useful in guiding management decisions.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of the C/C composites and Nb joints brazed with CoCrFeNi HEAs
Authors: Chai Ben , Fan Xiaojie , Wang Xincheng , Fu Li
Published: October 2024

A robust brazing of C/C composites and Nb was achieved using CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with complete FCC structure. The effects of brazing temperature and holding time on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of joints were evaluated. The filler infiltrated into the pores of the C/C composites and formed a mixture of FCC and carbides, expanding the bonding areas and interlocking the interface. Moreover, a lamellar eutectic structure composed of FCC and Laves formed in situ near Nb side, providing unique high-temperature performance. The optimal average shear strength of 29.1 MPa at room temperature and 23.6 MPa at 800 °C were obtained at 1260 °C for 10 min. The joining and fracture mechanism of brazed joints were also revealed.
A knowledge structure of unmet medical needs of people with disabilities
Authors: Park Jinah , Kim Mi So , Choi Kyung-Hwa , Kim Jung Ae , Jeong Eunhye
Published: October 2024

Objectives: With the increasing number of people with disabilities, the importance of their health condition has increased since they have a higher risk of noncommunicable diseases and less access to healthcare services. Many studies on the them have focused on factors influencing their unmet medical needs. However, the no study has reviewed the research trend of the unmet medical needs experience of the people with disabilities. Thus, we identified the knowledge structure of this research topic and determined its research trend. Methods: We conducted a text network analysis of the abstracts of 4723 papers published before November 2020. A total of 17,295 words remained after preprocessing. We used these words to identify the knowledge structure of the research topic, its core keywords, and change of research topic by time. Results: “Care,” “illness,” “service,” and “health” appeared as the main keywords that formed four topics. The proportion of each topic changed by time. We investigated the research field from a macroscopic point of view by looking at the overall network structure and understanding the research trends. Conclusion: We expect that this study will contribute to the establishment of a knowledge structure related to the unmet medical needs of the people with disabilities.
Governance intricacies in implementing regional shared care records: A qualitative study in the national health service, England
Authors: Elizondo Andrey
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study explores the governance intricacies in establishing a large-scale information infrastructure for integrated care within the National Health Service of England. By focusing on the initial 5 years of a regional interoperability program, we examine the challenges and dynamics of creating a unified system across organizational boundaries.

Methods

A longitudinal multi-methods approach was utilized, collecting data through interviews with health and social care personnel involved in project governance, meeting observations, and document analysis. This provided an in-depth understanding of the processes and challenges of developing the regional interoperability program.

Results

This study reveals a dynamic negotiation process and evolving governance structures that must continuously adapt to integrate diverse systems. Key findings include challenges in reconciling multiplicity and heterogeneity, the importance of social learning and stakeholder adaptation, and the role of ongoing negotiation and collaborative group construction in implementing interorganizational infrastructures.

Conclusion

This study underscores the necessity of continuous adaptation and negotiation among stakeholders in establishing effective governance of integrated care infrastructures. Social learning and active participation play pivotal roles in overcoming the challenges associated with system integration. Strategic insights from this research can guide stakeholders in developing sociotechnical solutions for digital interorganizational infrastructures in integrated care.
How policies created without early childhood educator input create toxic working environments that objectify educators
Authors: Conforzi Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Through the lens of objectification and toxic workplace theory, this article critically examines Ontario, Canada's policies and regulations on early childhood education and care (ECEC). In the context of Canada's transition to universal child care and the persistent workforce crisis in the ECEC sector, this article highlights how registered early childhood educators (RECE) workplace challenges, including poor working conditions, low wages, and a lack of professional recognition, are theorized within objectification and toxic workplace theory. Specifically, the Child Care and Early Years Act (CCEYA) and the Ontario Early Year Framework, which establish the standards and regulations for licensed childcare providers, are analyzed to determine how they objectify RECEs and create toxic workplaces. Grounded in advocacy to improve working conditions in ECEC, this article provides a unique framework for understanding and interrupting how RECEs are not considered in creating government regulations, how individual centers and organizations can interpret the current rules to continue to devalue the contributions of RECEs to the sector, and how and why this continuation of devaluation is affecting the well-being and working conditions of RECEs.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Workplace Communication: Promises, Perils, and Recommended Policy
Authors: Van Quaquebeke Niels , Gerpott Fabiola H.
Published: October 2024

Communication sits at the heart of any coordination within organization. Yet, what are the consequences when employes use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to copilot, i.e., support, their communication? While AI support in human interactions holds much promise for improving communication quality at work, it also fundamentally challenges how much people trust that communication. We, therefore, ask how organizations should introduce AI. In particular, we focus on the responsibility of leaders as stewards of workplace communication. Accordingly, we offer a set of specific hands-on recommendations on how employes should be guided to use AI copiloting effectively so that they do not give in to the temptation of letting go of the “steering wheel” (i.e., allowing AI to [auto]pilot intraorganizational communication).
Stochastic attrition modeling
Authors: Weinberg Graham V
Published: October 2024

Lanchester’s equations provide a classical way in which to analyze the performance of two combat teams in battle, competing in the case where they are both equipped comparably and where each team’s survivability is a function of the size of the opposing force. This paper introduces a similar approach motivated by analysis of individual’s statistical lifetime distributions. Applying the same principle as in the design of Lanchester’s equations, a stochastic model is suggested, based upon individual’s lifetimes conditional on the size of the opposing force. This novel approach allows variation in individual team members to be included in the analysis, including the case where team members have correlated lifetimes. Hence, it provides a modeling methodology more general than that available through Lanchester’s equations. Based upon fits to real data, a specific model is then applied for individual lifetimes and it is shown how order statistics of the resultant lifetime distributions may be used to analyze combat team survivability.
Association of the VEGF 2578C>A Polymorphism With Metabolic Syndrome and Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Liu Chih-I , Liu Chia-Chu , Huang Shu-Pin , Geng Jiun-Hung , Lee Yung-Chin
Published: October 2024

Accumulating evidence suggests a link between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), erectile dysfunction (ED), and metabolic syndrome (Mets), possibly because VEGF can alter the physiological pathways involved in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation. This study aimed to investigate the genetic susceptibility of VEGF 2578C>A polymorphism to the development of ED and Mets. Collected data included five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), components of Mets, and VEGF 2578C>A polymorphism. A total of 596 subjects from Kaohsiung with a mean age of 55.5 years were enrolled, data collection was done at our hospital. Individuals carrying the VEGF 2578 A allele (CA+AA genotypes) demonstrated a higher prevalence of ED compared to those with the CC genotype, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.582 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.123–2.227, p value = 0.009) in multivariate binary regression analysis. Similarly, individuals carrying the VEGF 2578 A allele showed a higher prevalence of Mets compared to those with the CC genotype, with an adjusted OR of 2.461 (95% CI = 1.491–4.064, p value < 0.001). Furthermore, A allele carriers had significantly lower IIEF-5 scores and a higher number of Mets components compared to those with the C allele ( P value < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, VEGF 2578 A allele carriers are at a greater risk of both Mets and ED, suggesting that the VEGF 2578C>A polymorphism may serve as a common genetic susceptibility factor in the development of both disorders. Further research is warranted to evaluate the mechanisms underlying this association.
Neuroprotective Potential of Eugenol in Polyglutamine-Mediated Neurodegenerative Disease Using Transgenic Drosophila Model
Authors: Chongtham Anjalika , Agrawal Namita
Published: October 2024

Polyglutamine (PolyQ) diseases including Huntington’s disease are devastating neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive neuronal loss and motor dysfunction. PolyQ pathology involves multiple cellular events and phytochemicals with multi-target mechanisms hold promise to treat these diseases with least side effects. One such promising phytochemical is Eugenol, which possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially targeting disrupted cellular pathways in PolyQ diseases. The present study investigated the effects of Eugenol on neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction in transgenic Drosophila models of PolyQ diseases. In this study, the robust pseudopupil assay was performed to analyze adult photoreceptor neuron degeneration, a marker of widespread degenerative events. Furthermore, the well-established crawling and climbing assays were conducted to evaluate progressive motor dysfunction in the PolyQ larvae and flies. This study found that Eugenol administration at disease onset or after progression reduced PolyQ disease phenotypes, particularly, neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner and with no side effects. Thus, this study suggests that Eugenol could be a viable candidate for developing treatments for PolyQ diseases, offering a multi-target approach with the potential for minimal or no side effects compared to conventional therapies.
Effects of reperfusion grade and reperfusion strategy on the clinical outcome: Insights from ESCAPE-NA1 trial
Authors: Cimflova Petra , Ospel Johanna M , Singh Nishita , Marko Martha , Kashani Nima , Mayank Arnuv , Demchuk Andrew , Menon Bijoy , Poppe Alexandre Y , Nogueira Raul , McTaggart Ryan , Rempel Jeremy L , Tymianski Michael , Hill Michael D , Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Goyal Mayank
Published: October 2024

Background

We evaluated the association of reperfusion quality and different patterns of achieved reperfusion with clinical and radiological outcomes in the ESCAPE NA1 trial.

Methods

Data are from the ESCAPE-NA1 trial. Good clinical outcome [90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2], excellent outcome (90-day mRS0–1), isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage, symptomatic hemorrhage (sICH) on follow-up imaging, and death were compared across different levels of reperfusion defined by expanded Treatment in Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) Scale. Comparisons were also made between patients with (a) first-pass eTICI 2c3 reperfusion vs multiple-pass eTICI 2c3; (b) final eTICI 2b reperfusion vs eTICI 2b converted-to-eTICI 2c3; (c) sudden reperfusion vs gradual reperfusion if >1 pass was required. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test associations of reperfusion grade and clinical outcomes.

Results

Of 1037 included patients, final eTICI 0–1 was achieved in 46 (4.4%), eTICI 2a in 76 (7.3%), eTICI 2b in 424 (40.9%), eTICI 2c in 284 (27.4%), and eTICI 3 in 207 (20%) patients. The odds for good and excellent clinical outcome gradually increased with improved reperfusion grades (adjOR ranging from 5.7–29.3 and 4.3–17.6) and decreased for sICH and death. No differences in outcomes between first-pass versus multiple-pass eTICI 2c3, eTICI 2b converted-to-eTICI 2c3 versus unchanged eTICI 2b and between sudden versus gradual eTICI 2c3 reperfusion were observed.

Conclusion

Better reperfusion degrees significantly improved clinical outcomes and reduced mortality, independent of the number of passes and whether eTICI 2c3 was achieved suddenly or gradually.
Using Focussed Ethnography to Observe and Understand the Actions and Interactions of People With Prader-Willi Syndrome When They Exercise at a Community Gym: A Protocol
Authors: Schofield Cara , Bigby Christine , Downs Jenny , Taylor Nicholas F. , Shields Nora
Published: October 2024

Exercise for people with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is important for their health and wellbeing and can provide opportunities for community participation. However, they may find it difficult to participate in some contexts, such as community gyms because social and environmental barriers in these settings may compound difficulties caused by physical impairments or intellectual disability. This study aims to observe and understand the actions and interactions of people with PWS when they exercise in community gyms. A focussed ethnographic study will be conducted. Field notes will be taken in community gyms where people with PWS are participating in a structured exercise program for six months as part of a randomised control trial called PRESTO. Up to ten participants will be observed, with at least three observations planned per participation during the program. Gym sessions observed will be approximately 1 hour long. Within the framework of interpretive description, reflective thematic analysis will be used to interpret observational data. Our findings will inform how best to support people with PWS to exercise at a community gym. Trial Registration Number: ACTRN12620000416998; Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry.
Improved sprayed water boiler design for steam production
Authors: Quran Omar A. S. , Almajali Mohammad R. , Alrawashdeh Saad , Maaitah Hussein
Published: October 2024

The lengthy time required for conventional boilers to attain a steady state, their sizable size, the substantial pressure drop, and their high cost are all disadvantages. The objective of this study was to develop a novel design for a boiler to achieve better performance based on a sprayed water boiler (SWB) through injectors with a specific spray rate in a near-atomized form over tubes containing hot gases. As the water temperature in the SWB is equal to the temperature of the water sprayed by the injectors, the temperature difference between the hot gases and the water is higher than in the conventional boiler. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the main parameters affecting the boiler performance, such as the steam quantity and quality, the time required to reach the steady state condition, the size of the boiler, and the drop pressure on the hot-gas side. The results showed that the size of the SWB was significantly smaller than that of a conventional boiler. When generating steam of the same quantity and quality, the size of the SWB is one-third of the conventional size. This reduces the manufacturing costs of the boiler and the pressure drop of the hot gases inside the boiler. It was also found that the thermal efficiency of the SWB was higher, and the start-up time to reach a steady state of operation was less than 1% of the time required for the conventional boiler. To close the gaps in the theoretical design, an experimental test should be performed.
Development of smart control system for leakage warning in compact roofs
Authors: Asphaug Silje Kathrin , Geving Stig , Moschetti Roberta
Published: October 2024

Smart sensor technologies to monitor temperature and moisture conditions in building components can be used to give automatic warnings for abnormal high levels of moisture. Flat compact roofs are of particular interest in this context, especially due to their vulnerability to rain leakages through the roofing membrane. Installing moisture sensors in such roofs measuring relative humidity (RH) and free water may give an early warning of rain leakages or condensation owing to air leakages from indoors before damage occurs. One challenge is, however, that normal moisture redistribution in the insulation layer over the season or a day may give very high levels of RH in the top or bottom part of the insulation. A sensor system must be able to distinguish between these normal RH levels and leakage events. Together with a sensor technology and control system producer, a semi-quantitative system that defines typical or normal RH levels in the insulation layer of the roof during the year has been developed. To investigate the applicability of such a system, measurements from the compact roofs of two pilot buildings located in Norway have been analysed. The objective has been to identify connections between measured data, occurring climate conditions and seasonal variations. Results may be used to further develop and improve the algorithms of the leakage warning system.
Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine block on flap blood flow and patient satisfaction after flap transfer for hand trauma: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Jinsong , Kong Xionghui , Zheng Zhou , Lv Peijun , Ge Yeying , Huang Jian
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine as a local anaesthetic adjuvant on flap blood flow and patient satisfaction regarding postoperative analgesia anterolateral thigh free flap transfer for hand trauma. A total of 66 patients were randomized into two groups. One group was treated with intermittent 1.0 µg/mL dexmedetomidine + 0.125% ropivacaine bolus at 8 mL/2 h and the other with intermittent 0.2% ropivacaine bolus at 8 mL/2 h, administered via continuous infraclavicular brachial plexus block. Dexmedetomidine had no significant effect on the flap blood supply and had a good safety profile. Moreover, 1.0 µg/mL dexmedetomidine + 0.125% ropivacaine provided similar satisfactory postoperative analgesia as 0.2% ropivacaine ( p > 0.05), reduced hand numbness and motor block, and improved patient satisfaction ( p < 0.05). All the flaps in the dexmedetomidine + ropivacaine group and 30 of 31 flaps in the ropivacaine group survived. The addition of dexmedetomidine to the local anaesthetic infusion appears to be a safe method of improving postoperative symptoms.

Level of evidence:

I
Nerve decompression for diabetic peripheral neuropathy with nerve entrapment: a narrative review
Authors: Liao Chenlong , Zhang Wenchuan
Published: October 2024

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes which primarily affects the sensory nervous system. Pain is the most common complaint that prompts patients to seek medical advice. With various presentations and intricate pathological mechanisms, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain is currently the most crucial and challenging aspect of managing diabetic complications. As a heterogeneous disorder, there is no medication or treatment modality that is effective for all types of DPN and its associated neuropathic pain. Peripheral nerve decompression provides a new option for treating patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain in the lower extremities. However, the clinical applicability of nerve decompression has been debated since it was first proposed. This review discusses the theoretical basis of nerve decompression, the clinical indications, and the progress of basic research based on the pathological mechanisms and nerve impairment patterns of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. The heterogeneity of DPN patients is summarized in terms of three aspects: complex pathophysiological mechanisms, multilevel nervous system involvement, and various nerve impairment properties. Identifying the presence of nerve entrapment among complex pathophysiological mechanisms is the key to successful outcomes. Tinel signs, focal pain, mechanical allodynia, and two-point discrimination were reported to be prognostic factors for good surgical outcomes, and their predictive ability might stem from their association with the early stage of entrapment neuropathy.
Empowering youth as Changemakers for gender-transformative action: a play-based participatory approach in South-East Nepal
Authors: Begg S , Jha B , Shah N , Shrestha A , Pulford J , Parker S
Published: October 2024

Aims:

This study explored how youth participatory action research (YPAR) methods, specifically play-based activities integrated with cricket, can engage adolescent girls in Nepal’s Terai region to identify and address gender-related health challenges. It aimed to assess how these methods contribute to empowering girls, developing research capacities, and promoting gender equity through sports.

Methods:

Three interactive workshops were held with adolescent girls forming ‘Cricket Changemakers’ teams. Through a combination of cricket-based activities, participatory games, and discussions, the workshops aimed to build research skills and explore gender issues in their communities. Qualitative data were gathered through observations, reflective notes, and outputs from play-based tasks. Data were analysed using framework analysis to evaluate the contribution of these activities to key YPAR processes such as power sharing, communication, and strategic thinking.

Findings:

The play-based methods improved collaboration, networking, and communication among participants. The cricket activities fostered collective power and provided opportunities for girls to reflect on and challenge local gender norms. Participants identified issues including restrictions on mobility, societal expectations, and the unequal distribution of household chores. The workshops facilitated the development of research action plans focused on increasing girls’ participation in cricket and shifting community perceptions of girls’ roles.

Conclusions:

The integration of play-based YPAR methods shows promise for fostering gender-transformative change among adolescent girls in Nepal. These methods created a space for girls to express challenges and co-develop strategies for social change. Findings suggest that sports-based participatory research can be a valuable tool in public health interventions for gender equity, though more work is needed to address methodological challenges and ensure meaningful participation.
History, Philosophy, and Miracles
Authors: Keener Craig S.
Published: October 2024

Modern analogies to healing claims within the Gospels render them plausible as historical experiences. Such experiences are widespread today. Philosophic and theological explanations of such experiences vary, but the emergence of patterns of such experiences in theistic contexts helps support the case for a theistic explanation.
Analysis of Limb Loading and Lower Extremity Strength Recovery Across Time After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Bruce Leicht Amelia S. , Thompson Xavier D. , Queen Robin M. , Rodu Jordan S. , Higgins Michael J. , Cross Kevin M. , Werner Brian C. , Resch Jacob E. , Hart Joe M.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Evidence as to how patient thigh muscle strength and limb loading (LL) during a squatting task recovers throughout rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is lacking.

Hypothesis:

Patients will improve LL and strength throughout rehabilitation. Changes in LL and strength over time will be positively correlated.

Study Design:

Prospective cohort study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

A total of 60 participants (28 male/32 female; age, 22.5 ± 9.35 years) participated in 2 visits post-ACLR, assessing LL and strength. Using an instrumented pressure mat, patients completed 3 sets of 3 repetitions of bodyweight squats. Peak force (N), unilateral cumulative load (%), and quadriceps and hamstring isokinetic peak torque (N·m) were calculated and recorded bilaterally. LL and peak torque were compared over time and between limbs.

Results:

A significant limb-by-time interaction was observed for LL peak force (N), where patients underloaded the ACLR limb at visit 1 compared with the contralateral limb ( P < 0.01). Patients increased their ACLR LL across visits ( P = 0.04). A limb-by-time interaction for quadriceps peak torque (N·m) was observed where the ACLR limb increased peak torque across visits ( P < 0.01); however, strength deficits persisted at visit 2 ( P < 0.01) when compared with the nonoperative limb. Weak correlations were observed between all change scores metrics ( r, 0.20-0.25).

Conclusion:

Patients recovering from ACLR exhibited more symmetric loading during a squatting task and improved their lower extremity strength over time. Changes in strength were not related to changes in LL during a squatting task over time.

Clinical Relevance:

Squatting tasks are safe and easily implemented throughout ACLR recovery. As changes in functional LL and strength recovery are not related, both should be considered in serial postoperative testing for more comprehensive function and strength assessments.
Gender Differences in Vocational Interests Across 57 Countries: A Test of the Interest–Gender-Equality Paradox
Authors: Du Yan Yi Lance , Wee Serena , Rounds James
Published: October 2024

Postmaterialist theory suggests that gender differences in vocational interests should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting a counter-intuitive pattern called the “Gender-Equality Paradox.” By contrast, social role theory implies that gender differences in vocational interests should be smaller in more egalitarian countries as gender roles converge. Using multilevel analyses on data from 57 countries ( N = 109,460), we investigate the relationship of country-level gender equality (measured by the Global Gender Gap Index) to gender differences in RIASEC (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional) vocational interests. Results reveal patterns that differ by interest dimensions. In more egalitarian countries, gender differences in Realistic, Investigative, and Social interests are larger, revealing an “Interest–Gender-Equality Paradox.” Conversely, gender differences in Artistic, Enterprising, and Conventional interests are smaller in these countries. These relationships remain largely robust after controlling for country-level economic development (Gross Domestic Product). We discuss possible explanations and implications of our findings.
Intellectual Humility and Belief Extremity: Evidence for Curvilinearity?
Authors: Bowes Shauna M. , Tasimi Arber
Published: October 2024

Because an intellectually humble person is neither diffident nor arrogant in their views, intellectual humility (IH) is considered a virtuous mean. Yet, evidence for the virtuous mean account is mixed, with some studies finding evidence for it and some studies finding evidence against it. To clarify these ambiguities, we examined the curvilinear relations between multiple IH conceptualizations and belief strength across political, religious, and irreligious beliefs. In a secondary analysis of more than 4,000 participants, there was evidence for the virtuous mean account for political beliefs, evidence against it for religious beliefs, and little evidence for irreligious beliefs. Altogether, these results raise the possibility that the virtuous mean account of IH is not as generalizable as originally presumed. Thus, instead of asking whether IH is a virtuous mean, future research should ask when, why, and how IH is a virtuous mean for some beliefs and not for others.