bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strong regional atmospheric 14C signature of respired CO2 observed from a tall tower over the midwestern United States
Authors: LaFranchi B. W. , McFarlane K. J. , Miller J. B. , Lehman S. J. , Phillips C. L. , Andrews A. E. , Tans P. P. , Chen H. , Liu Z. , Turnbull J. C. , Xu X. , Guilderson T. P.
Published: August 2016

Radiocarbon in CO2 (14CO2) measurements can aid in discriminating between fast (<1 year) and slower (>5–10 years) cycling of C between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere due to the 14C disequilibrium between atmospheric and terrestrial C. However, 14CO2 in the atmosphere is typically much more strongly impacted by fossil fuel emissions of CO2, and, thus, observations often provide little additional constraints on respiratory flux estimates at regional scales. Here we describe a data set of 14CO2 observations from a tall tower in northern Wisconsin (USA) where fossil fuel influence is far enough removed that during the summer months, the biospheric component of the 14CO2 budget dominates. We find that the terrestrial biosphere is responsible for a significant contribution to 14CO2 that is 2–3 times higher than predicted by the Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford approach terrestrial ecosystem model for observations made in 2010. This likely includes a substantial contribution from the North American boreal ecoregion, but transported biospheric emissions from outside the model domain cannot be ruled out. The 14CO2 enhancement also appears somewhat decreased in observations made over subsequent years, suggesting that 2010 may be anomalous. With these caveats acknowledged, we discuss the implications of the observation/model comparison in terms of possible systematic biases in the model versus short‐term anomalies in the observations. Going forward, this isotopic signal could be exploited as an important indicator to better constrain both the long‐term carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems and the short‐term impact of disturbance‐based loss of carbon to the atmosphere.
Midlithospheric discontinuities and complex anisotropic layering in the mantle lithosphere beneath the Wyoming and Superior Provinces
Authors: Ford Heather A. , Long Maureen D. , Wirth Erin A.
Published: August 2016

The observation of widespread seismic discontinuities within Archean and Proterozoic lithosphere is intriguing, as their presence may shed light on the formation and early evolution of cratons. A clear explanation for the discontinuities, which generally manifest as a sharp decrease in seismic velocity with depth, remains elusive. Recent work has suggested that midlithospheric discontinuities (MLDs) may correspond to a sharp gradient in seismic anisotropy, produced via deformation associated with craton formation. Here we test this hypothesis beneath the Archean Superior and Wyoming Provinces using anisotropic Ps receiver function (RF) analysis to characterize the relationship between MLDs and seismic anisotropy. We computed radial and transverse component RFs for 13 long‐running seismic stations. Of these, six stations with particularly clear signals were analyzed using a harmonic regression technique. In agreement with previous studies, we find evidence for multiple MLDs within the cratonic lithosphere of the Wyoming and Superior Provinces. Our harmonic regression results reveal that (1) MLDs can be primarily explained by an isotropic negative velocity gradient, (2) multiple anisotropic boundaries exist within the lithospheric mantle, (3) the isotropic MLD and the anisotropic boundaries do not necessarily occur at the same depths, and (4) the depth and geometry of the anisotropic boundaries vary among stations. We infer that the MLD does not directly correspond to a change in anisotropy within the mantle lithosphere. Furthermore, our results reveal a surprising level of complexity within the cratonic lithospheric mantle, suggesting that the processes responsible for shaping surface geology produce similar structural complexity at depth.
Engineering the outermost layers of TiO2 nanoparticles using in situ Mg doping in a flame aerosol reactor
Authors: Hu Yanjie , Jiang Hao , Li Yunfeng , Wang Binqi , Zhang Ling , Li Chunzhong , Wang Yang , Cohen Theodore , Jiang Yi , Biswas Pratim
Published: August 2016

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles with disordered outermost layer sturctures have significantly enhanced light absorption and photocatalytic properties and thus receiving enhanced attention in recent years. Engineering the outermost layers using in situ magnesium doping to tailor the band‐edge of TiO2 nanoparticles was achieved via a flame aerosol reactor. The distribution of doped elements in nanoparticles could be controlled in a high temperature flame process, and which could be predicted by the comparison of different characteristic time scales, such as reaction time, coagulation time, and sintering time is proposed. In situ magnesium doping on the outermost layers effectively tailored the conduction band and electron structure of the TiO2 nanoparticles, and simultaneously improved the maximum photocurrent as well as the maximum photovoltage in dye‐sensitized solar cells. These improvements were largely attributed to red‐shifted light absorption, and rapid photoelectron injection into the conduction band. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 870–880, 2017
Human upper airway epithelium produces nitric oxide in response to Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Carey Ryan M. , Chen Bei , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Kennedy David W. , Lee Robert J. , Cohen Noam A.
Published: August 2016

Background

Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by sinonasal epithelial cells as part of the innate immune response against bacteria. We previously described bitter‐taste‐receptor‐dependent and ‐independent NO responses to product(s) secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. We hypothesized that sinonasal epithelium would be able to detect the gram‐positive, coagulase‐negative bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and mount a similar NO response.

Methods

Sinonasal air‐liquid interface cultures were treated with conditioned medium (CM) from lab strains and clinical isolates of coagulase‐negative staphylococci and S aureus. NO production was quantified by fluorescence imaging. Bitter taste receptor signaling inhibitors were utilized to characterize the pathway responsible for NO production in response to S epidermidis CM.

Results

S epidermidis CM contains a low‐molecular‐weight, heat, and protease‐stabile product that induces an NO synthase (NOS)–mediated NO production that is less robust than the response triggered by S aureus CM. The S epidermidis CM–stimulated NO response is not inhibited by antagonists of phospholipase C isoform β‐2 nor the transient receptor potential melastatin isoform 5 ion channel, both critical to bitter taste signaling.

Conclusion

This study identifies an NO‐mediated innate defense response in sinonasal epithelium elicited by S epidermidis product(s). The active bacterial product is likely a small, nonpeptide molecule that stimulates a pathway independent of bitter taste receptors. Although the NO response to S epidermidis is less vigorous compared with S aureus, the product(s) share similar characteristics. Together, the responses to staphylococci species may help explain the pathophysiology of upper respiratory infections.
Synthesis, cytotoxicity, topoisomerase I inhibition and molecular docking of novel phosphoramide mustard sophoridinic acid analogues
Authors: Liu Kai , Li Dong‐Dong , Zhao Xiu‐Mei , Dai Lin‐Lin , Zhang Ting , Tao Zun‐Wei
Published: August 2016

A series of novel phosphoramide mustard sophoridinic acid analogues, consisting of nitrogen mustard group and sophoridinic acid scaffold, have been designed, synthesized and evaluated for their topoisomerase inhibitory activity as well as cytotoxicity against six tumor cell lines (SMMC‐7721, LoVo, MCF‐7, K562, S180 and H22) and a normal cell line (L929). Among the compounds tested, five were found to be potent inhibitors and exhibited potent cytotoxicity against S180 and H22 cell lines with IC50 values of 1–4 μM. Further mechanistic studies showed that this class of compounds acted as novel topoisomerase I (Topo I) catalytic inhibitors by preventing the binding of Topo I to DNA and inhibiting the cleavage of DNA, and molecular docking studies revealed that the binding energy for these compounds was comparable to that for classic Topo I inhibitors CPT and HCPT, indicating that the compounds have an interaction with DNA and Topo I.
Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen von Brandszenarien vor Fassaden unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Abstände
Authors: Zehfuß Jochen , Küppers Judith , Sobiegalla Linda
Published: August 2016

Bauliche Randbedingungen wie z. B. Wände oder Fassaden in der Nähe von Brandquellen beeinflussen die Flammenausbildung und den Plume. Es ist bekannt, dass Begrenzungselemente (z. B. Wände) den Eintrag von Sauerstoff in den Plume behindern und brennbare Gase bzw. Pyrolyseprodukte dadurch erst in größeren Höhen vollständig verbrennen. Inwieweit die Position der Brandquelle, die Gebäudegeometrie (Anzahl der Begrenzungselemente) und die Wärmefreisetzungsrate die charakteristischen Merkmale der Flamme beeinflussen, wurde am Institut für Baustoffe, Massivbau und Brandschutz (iBMB) der TU Braunschweig im Rahmen einer Versuchsreihe mit einem Propangasbrenner experimentell untersucht. Für die Durchführung der Versuche wurde der Braunschweiger Fassadenprüfstand mit umfangreicher Messtechnik zur Erfassung von Wärmestromdichten, wandnahen Temperaturen, Temperaturen zur Vermessung des Plumes sowie der Auftriebsgeschwindigkeit ausgestattet. In diesem Beitrag werden die Messdaten der Brandversuche diskutiert und mit den Ergebnissen eines CFD‐Modells sowie mit ausgewählten empirischen Berechnungsansätzen verglichen.
Untersuchungen der Auswirkungen eines Vollbrands auf eine Sporthalle
Authors: Himburg Stefan , Stempfhuber Werner , Windemuth Andre
Published: August 2016

Im August 2015 wurde auf die im Jahr 2007 errichtete Sporthalle des Oberstufenzentrums Nauen ein Brandanschlag verübt, der zu einem Vollbrand und zu einer kompletten Zerstörung der Halle geführt hat. Die Auswirkungen dieses Vollbrands wurden sowohl messtechnisch als auch durch Beprobung vor Ort aufgenommen. Hierbei wurde insbesondere die Holzdachkonstruktion untersucht, die trotz intensiver Brandbeanspruchung und den damit verbundenen erheblichen Schäden noch eine Resttragfähigkeit aufwies. Die verbliebene Tragstruktur der Halle wurde im September 2015 mittels terrestrischem Laserscanning (TLS) komplett aufgenommen und ausgewertet. Schrägstellungen, Querschnittsänderungen und Verformungen am Bauwerk konnten mit diesem geodätischen Messverfahren berechnet werden. Die Ergebnisse aus dem Laserscanning können in Kombination mit einer Probenentnahme vor Ort für einen Vergleich der theoretischen bautechnischen Nachweise mit den Auswirkungen eines realen Brandereignisses herangezogen werden. Bei dem Brandfall der Sporthalle Nauen war insbesondere der Tragfähigkeitsverlust im Bereich der Verbindungsmittel signifikant. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist ein Vergleich von ingenieurtechnischen Brandschutznachweisen und ihren theoretischen Schutzwirkungen mit den Auswirkungen von realen Bränden. Dieses ist auch Gegenstand von aktuellen Forschungsarbeiten an der Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin.
Effect of substituents on prediction of TLC retention of tetra‐dentate Schiff bases and their Copper(II) and Nickel(II) complexes
Authors: Stevanović Nikola R. , Perušković Danica S. , Gašić Uroš M. , Antunović Vesna R. , Lolić Aleksandar Đ. , Baošić Rada M.
Published: August 2016

The objectives of this study were to gain insights into structure–retention relationships and to propose the model to estimating their retention. Chromatographic investigation of series of 36 Schiff bases and their copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes was performed under both normal‐ and reverse‐phase conditions. Chemical structures of the compounds were characterized by molecular descriptors which are calculated from the structure and related to the chromatographic retention parameters by multiple linear regression analysis. Effects of chelation on retention parameters of investigated compounds, under normal‐ and reverse‐phase chromatographic conditions, were analyzed by principal component analysis, quantitative structure–retention relationship and quantitative structure–activity relationship models were developed on the basis of theoretical molecular descriptors, calculated exclusively from molecular structure, and parameters of retention and lipophilicity.
Western Governors University's assessment quality rubrics: high standards for assessments in CBE programs
Authors: DeMark Sarah
Published: August 2016

Background

All students deserve high‐quality assessments that are balanced and reliable. For CBE programs in particular, assessments serve a key function in enabling students to demonstrate their competence and thereby advance through a curriculum at their own pace.

Aims

This article presents two assessment quality rubrics that Western Governors University (WGU) has used effectively to guide the high‐quality development and maintenance of assessments across academic fields. The rubrics are offered to be of use to others in the field, specifically to assist CBE programs in establishing and maintaining high standards of assessment quality.

Methods

The standards presented in the rubrics were developed by a wide range of faculty, assessment developers, psychometricians, industry experts, and others working together at WGU to establish a shared understanding of quality.

Findings

The two rubrics presented are similar overall, but have some differences. The first is designed for objective assessments: those whose scoring is automated in some way. The second rubric is designed for performance assessments: those whose scoring is completed by people (often with the use of a rubric), usually in relation to presentations or projects.

Conclusion

CBE programs have become increasingly prevalent over the past several years. As these programs continue to grow, it is crucial that the field maintain high standards of quality.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methane in Wall‐Cooled Fixed‐Bed Reactors‡
Authors: Martinez Molina Marta , Kern Christoph , Jess Andreas
Published: August 2016

The methanation of CO2 was studied in a wall‐cooled single‐tube fixed‐bed reactor with a nickel‐based catalyst. Heat transfer and kinetic parameters were experimentally determined. Temperature profiles were recorded under different conditions: inlet gas mixtures with CO2 diluted in H2 or N2, tubes with diameters of 2 or 4 cm, and pressures of 1 or 4 bar at 160–200 °C. Modeling of CO2 conversion and temperature profiles by a two‐dimensional reactor model was successfully achieved. The study is completed by modeling technical reactors for both upgrading of biogas and conversion of a CO2/H2 feed gas free of CH4; design data of reactors for a production of 450 m3 of synthetic natural gas per hour are given.
Correlation between Molecular Structure of Ferrocene Derivative and Impact Sensitivity of Fine‐AP/Ferrocene Derivative Mixture
Authors: Deng Lei , Jiang Benzheng , Zhang Wei , Yang Jun , Bao Tong , Yu Yan , Li Xiaoqiang , Zhou Xing
Published: August 2016

On the basis of investigation of molecular structure characteristics of model ferrocene derivatives, the correlation between stability and molecular structure of double‐core ferrocene derivatives (DFDs) was studied. Then, the relation of stability of DFDs and impact sensitivity of fine‐AP/DFD mixtures was investigated. The results showed that the DFDs with methylene bridge group were more stable than those with methylethylidene bridge group. The stability order of the five DFDs was DEFM>EDFM≈BDFM>GFP>TBPF. The impact sensitivities of the fine‐AP/DFD mixtures were in inverse proportion to the stabilities of the DFDs.
STAT1‐associated intratumoural TH1 immunity predicts chemotherapy resistance in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Au Katrina K , Le Page Cécile , Ren Runhan , Meunier Liliane , Clément Isabelle , Tyrishkin Kathrin , Peterson Nichole , Kendall‐Dupont Jennifer , Childs Timothy , Francis Julie‐Ann , Graham Charles H , Craig Andrew W , Squire Jeremy A , Mes‐Masson Anne‐Marie , Koti Madhuri
Published: August 2016

High‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) accounts for 70% of all epithelial ovarian cancers but clinical management is challenged by a lack of accurate prognostic and predictive biomarkers of chemotherapy response. This study evaluated the role of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) as an independent prognostic and predictive biomarker and its correlation with intratumoural CD8+ T cells in a second independent biomarker validation study. Tumour STAT1 expression and intratumoural CD8+ T cell infiltration were assessed by immunohistochemistry as a multicentre validation study conducted on 734 chemotherapy‐naïve HGSCs. NanoString‐based profiling was performed to correlate expression of STAT1 target genes CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 with CD8A transcript expression in 143 primary tumours. Multiplexed cytokine analysis of pre‐treatment plasma from resistant and sensitive patients was performed to assess systemic levels of STAT1‐induced cytokines. STAT1 was validated as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in both univariate and multivariate models and its expression correlated significantly with intra‐epithelial CD8+ T cell infiltration in HGSC. STAT1 levels increased the prognostic and predictive value of intratumoural CD8+ T cells, confirming their synergistic role as biomarkers in HGSC. In addition, expression of STAT1 target genes (CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) correlated significantly with levels of, and CD8A transcripts from intratumoural CD8+ T cells within the resistant and sensitive tumours. Our findings provide compelling evidence that high levels of STAT1, STAT1‐induced chemokines and CD8+ T cells correlate with improved chemotherapy response in HGSC. These results identify STAT1 and its target genes as novel biomarkers of chemosensitivity in HGSC. These findings provide new translational opportunities for patient stratification for immunotherapies based on emerging biomarkers of inflammation in HGSC. An improved understanding of the role of interferon‐inducible genes will be foundational for developing immunomodulatory therapies in ovarian cancer.
Receipt of vaginal brachytherapy is associated with improved survival in women with stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus: A National Cancer Data Base study
Authors: Rydzewski Nicholas R. , Strohl Anna E. , Donnelly Eric D. , Kanis Margaux J. , Lurain John R. , Nieves‐Neira Wilberto , Strauss Jonathan B.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

Randomized controlled trials have consistently shown that the use of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for stage I endometrial cancer leads to a reduction in the incidence of pelvic recurrences without a corresponding reduction in overall mortality. It was hypothesized that a reduction in mortality associated with the receipt of RT could be identified in a large data set with greater statistical power.

METHODS

Women with surgically staged IA or IB endometrial adenocarcinoma who were treated with total hysterectomy between 2003 and 2011 were identified in the National Cancer Data Base. Chi‐square tests and multivariate logistic regression were performed to analyze factors associated with the treatment type. A survival analysis was performed with log‐rank testing, Cox proportional hazards regression, and Kaplan‐Meier estimates.

RESULTS

A total of 44,309 eligible women were identified (33,380 at stage IA and 10,929 at stage IB): 88.4% of the women with stage IA tumors and 51.6% of the women with stage IB tumors received no RT. Older age, comorbid disease, a higher histologic grade, and a larger tumor size were independently associated with an increase in mortality. The receipt of vaginal brachytherapy (VB) was independently associated with a reduction in mortality for both stage IA disease (hazard ratio [HR], 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67‐0.97) and stage IB disease (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.74).

CONCLUSIONS

Analyses of this large database support the utility of postoperative VB for many women with stage I endometrial cancer. Unfortunately, RT appears to be underused in this population. Greater adherence to consensus guidelines may lead to improved outcomes. Cancer 2016;122:3724‐31. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Intensive treatment and survival outcomes in NUT midline carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Chau Nicole G. , Hurwitz Shelley , Mitchell Chelsey M. , Aserlind Alexandra , Grunfeld Noam , Kaplan Leah , Hsi Peter , Bauer Daniel E. , Lathan Christopher S. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Tishler Roy B. , Haddad Robert I. , Sallan Stephen E. , Bradner James E. , French Christopher A.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

NUT midline carcinoma is a rare and aggressive genetically characterized subtype of squamous cell carcinoma frequently arising from the head and neck. The characteristics and optimal management of head and neck NUT midline carcinoma (HNNMC) are unclear.

METHODS

A retrospective review of all known cases of HNNMC in the International NUT Midline Carcinoma Registry as of December 31, 2014, was performed. Forty‐eight consecutive patients were treated from 1993 to 2014, and clinicopathologic variables and outcomes for 40 patients were available for analyses; they composed the largest HNNMC cohort studied to date. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) according to patient characteristics and treatment were analyzed.

RESULTS

This study identified a 5‐fold increase in the diagnosis of HNNMC from 2011 to 2014. The median age was 21.9 years (range, 0.1‐81.7 years); the male and female proportions were 40% and 60%, respectively; and 86% had bromodomain containing 4–nuclear protein in testis (BRD4‐NUT) fusion. The initial treatment was initial surgery with or without adjuvant chemoradiation or adjuvant radiation (56%), initial radiation with or without chemotherapy (15%), or initial chemotherapy with or without surgery or radiation (28%). The median PFS was 6.6 months (range, 4.7‐8.4 months). The median OS was 9.7 months (range, 6.6‐15.6 months). The 2‐year PFS rate was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13%‐40%). The 2‐year OS rate was 30% (95% CI, 16%‐46%). Initial surgery with or without postoperative chemoradiation or radiation (P = .04) and complete resection with negative margins (P = .01) were significant predictors of improved OS even after adjustments for age, tumor size, and neck lymphadenopathy. Initial radiation or chemotherapy and the NUT translocation type were not associated with outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

HNNMC portends a poor prognosis. Aggressive initial surgical resection with or without postoperative chemoradiation or radiation is associated with significantly enhanced survival. Chemotherapy or radiation alone is often inadequate. Cancer 2016;122:3632‐40. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of day 14 bone marrow evaluation in adults with Philadelphia chromosome–negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Short Nicholas J. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Sasaki Koji , Cortes Jorge E. , Ravandi Farhad , Thomas Deborah A. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Khouri Issa , Kebriaei Partow , Champlin Richard E. , Pierce Sherry , Issa Ghayas C. , Konopleva Marina , Kadia Tapan M. , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos , Khoury Joseph D. , Jain Nitin , O'Brien Susan M. , Jabbour Elias
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

The role of day 14 (D14) bone marrow (BM) assessment in detecting increased blasts in patients undergoing induction for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is not well defined.

METHODS

This study evaluated 389 adolescent and adult patients with previously untreated Philadelphia chromosome–negative ALL who received frontline induction chemotherapy and for whom a D14 BM assessment was performed.

RESULTS

A D14 BM blast proportion < 10% (including blast‐free aplastic BM) was observed in 319 patients (82%), 10% to 29% was observed in 31 patients (8%), and ≥30% was observed in 39 patients (10%). The composite complete remission (CR)/complete remission with inadequate platelet recovery (CRp) rates for these groups were 99.7%, 87%, and 79%, respectively. The median event‐free survival (EFS) was 49, 33, and 9 months, respectively (P < .001). The median overall survival (OS) was 88, 37, and 21 months, respectively (P < .001). The D14 BM blast group was the only factor predictive for the achievement of CR/CRp (P < .001). According to a multivariate analysis, the D14 BM blast group was independently prognostic for both EFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12‐1.85; P = .004) and OS (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.85; P = .003). However, when minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment at the time of CR was added to the model, the D14 BM blast group was no longer prognostic for EFS or OS.

CONCLUSIONS

An assessment of residual D14 BM blasts in patients with ALL is highly predictive of the achievement of CR with induction chemotherapy and of EFS and OS. However, the D14 BM blast assessment is less prognostic of long‐term outcomes when an MRD assessment is also available. Cancer 2016;122:3812–3820. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
The positive predictive value of “suspicious for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma” in urinary tract cytology specimens: A single‐institution study of 665 cases
Authors: Joudi Anthony M. , Pambuccian Stefan E. , Wojcik Eva M. , Barkan Güliz A.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

“The Paris System” proposes a 7‐tier classification system for urine cytology. Establishing the risk of malignancy (ROM) associated with these diagnostic categories is essential to determine the appropriate management of patients. The objective of this study was to determine the ROM associated with the “positive” and “suspicious” categories.

METHODS

The authors searched their electronic records for urine cytology specimens that had been diagnosed as “positive” or “suspicious” for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma within an 11‐year time frame. Then, the ROM was determined for these specimens within a 6‐month follow‐up interval. The cytologic diagnoses were correlated with surgical biopsy results, follow‐up cytology results, and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results.

RESULTS

In total, 662 specimens (487 “positive” and 175 “suspicious”), corresponding to 387 patients (295 men and 92 women), were included. The majority of specimens were collected by bladder washing (568 of 662 specimens; 85.4%) and for the indication of surveillance (601 of 662 specimens; 82%). On follow‐up, bladder washing specimens were positive more often positive than voided urine specimens (466 of 570 [81.8%] vs 60 of 92 [65.2%]; P = .0005), and surveillance specimens were more often positive than specimens collected for other indications (82% vs 54.1%). The overall positive predictive value was higher for positive specimens than for suspicious specimens (365 of 461 [79.2%] vs 83 of 150 [55.3%]; P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Diagnoses of suspicious for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma, as used at the authors' institution, have an ROM that is high but is lower than that for the “positive” category. Therefore, the authors suggest keeping the 2 categories separate, although management should be aggressive in both groups. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:811‐9. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Adaptive Design for a Confirmatory Basket Trial in Multiple Tumor Types Based on a Putative Predictive Biomarker
Authors: Beckman RA , Antonijevic Z , Kalamegham R , Chen C
Published: August 2016

Increasingly, tumors are defined on a molecular basis rather than only on histology, and targeted agents, which address these molecular subtypes, are being approved. This profusion of molecular subtypes creates “rare” diseases as subsets of common cancers, leading to difficulties in enrolling sufficiently large cohorts for confirmatory trials. However, if the molecular subtype is shared across various histologies, these may be pooled into a basket trial. To date, basket trials have been primarily for exploratory early development. In this perspective, we consider qualitative designs for confirmatory basket trials. These confirmatory basket designs will provide patients in niche indications with enhanced access to novel therapies, facilitate development and full approval for niche indications, allow accelerated approval for indications within a basket based on a surrogate endpoint, reduce development cost by combining trials, and enhance the ability of regulatory authorities to evaluate risk and benefit in niche indications.
Anxiety symptoms bias memory assessment in older adults
Authors: Williams M. W. , Kueider A. M. , Dmitrieva N. O. , Manly J. J. , Pieper C. F. , Verney S. P. , Gibbons L. E.
Published: August 2016

Background

Older adults with anxiety and/or depression experience additional memory dysfunction beyond that of the normal aging process. However, few studies have examined test bias in memory assessments due to anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. The current study investigated the influence of self‐reported symptoms of anxiety and depression on the measurement equivalence of memory tests in older adults.

Method

This is a secondary analysis of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly dataset, a randomized controlled trial of community‐dwelling older adults. Baseline data were included in this study (n = 2802). Multiple indicators multiple causes modeling was employed to assess for measurement equivalence, differential item functioning (DIF), in memory tests.

Results

The DIF was present for anxiety symptoms but not for depressive symptoms, such that higher anxiety placed older adults at a disadvantage on measures of memory performance. Analysis of DIF impact showed that compared with participants scoring in the bottom quartile of anxious symptoms, participants in the upper quartile exhibited memory performance scores that were 0.26 standard deviation lower.

Conclusion

Anxious but not depressive symptoms introduce test bias into the measurement of memory in older adults. This indicates that memory models for research and clinical purposes should account for the direct relationship between anxiety symptoms and memory tests in addition to the true relationship between anxiety symptoms and memory construct. These findings support routine assessments of anxiety symptoms among older adults in settings in which cognitive testing is being conducted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predisposing factors for poor prognosis of angiosarcoma of the scalp and face: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shin Jin Yong , Roh Si‐Gyun , Lee Nae‐Ho , Yang Kyung‐Moo
Published: August 2016

Background

Angiosarcoma of the scalp and face is an aggressive tumor with a high rate of local recurrence. Although many previous studies have demonstrated risk factors for poor prognosis, debate remains. We identified the predisposing factors for poor prognosis through comprehensive review of selected studies with meta‐analysis.

Methods

A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis were performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Nine variables were extracted from the included studies and evaluated based on a 5‐year survival rate. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the studies.

Results

The search strategy identified 89 publications. After screening, 11 articles were selected for review. Age, size, site of tumor, margin status, and surgery associated with poor angiosarcoma prognosis were identified.

Conclusion

Although further investigation of long‐term and prospective studies is needed, we identified 5 variables as predisposing factors for poor prognosis of angiosarcoma through meta‐analysis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 380–386, 2017
Impact of chemotherapy on the outcome of osteosarcoma of the head and neck in adults
Authors: Boon Eline , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , Gelderblom Hans , Tesselaar Margot E. T. , van Es Robert J. J. , Oosting Sjoukje F. , de Bree Remco , van Meerten Esther , Hoeben Ann , Smeele Ludi E. , Willems Stefan M. , Witjes Max J. H. , Buter Jan , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Flucke Uta E. , Peer Petronella G. M. , Bovée Judith V. M. G. , Van Herpen Carla M. L.
Published: August 2016

Background

There is an ongoing debate about the value of (neo‐)adjuvant chemotherapy in high‐ and intermediate‐grade osteosarcoma of the head and neck.

Methods

All records of patients older than 16 years diagnosed with osteosarcoma of the head and neck in the Netherlands between 1993 and 2013 were reviewed.

Results

We identified a total of 77 patients with an osteosarcoma of the head and neck; the 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 55%. In 50 patients with surgically resected high‐ or intermediate‐grade osteosarcoma of the head and neck younger than 75 years, univariate and multivariable analysis, adjusting for age and resection margins, showed that patients who had not received chemotherapy had a significantly higher risk of local recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.78 and 3.66, respectively).

Conclusion

In patients younger than 75 years of age with surgically resected high‐ and intermediate‐grade osteosarcoma of the head and neck, treatment with (neo‐)adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in a significantly smaller risk of local recurrence. Therefore, we suggest (neo‐)adjuvant chemotherapy in patients amenable to chemotherapy. © 2016 The Authors Head & Neck Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 140–146, 2017
Characterization of Laminin Binding Integrin Internalization in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Das Lipsa , Anderson Todd A. , Gard Jaime M.C. , Sroka Isis C. , Strautman Stephanie R. , Nagle Raymond B. , Morrissey Colm , Knudsen Beatrice S. , Cress Anne E.
Published: August 2016

Laminin binding integrins α6 (CD49f) and α3 (CD49c) are persistently but differentially expressed in prostate cancer (PCa). Integrin internalization is an important determinant of their cell surface expression and function. Using flow cytometry, and first order kinetic modeling, we quantitated the intrinsic internalization rates of integrin subunits in a single cycle of internalization. In PCa cell line DU145, α6 integrin internalized with a rate constant (kactual) of 3.25 min−1, threefold faster than α3 integrin (1.0 min−1), 1.5‐fold faster than the vitronectin binding αv integrin (CD51) (2.2 min−1), and significantly slower than the unrelated transferrin receptor (CD71) (15 min−1). Silencing of α3 integrin protein expression in DU145, PC3, and PC3B1 cells resulted in up to a 1.71‐fold increase in kactual for α6 integrin. The internalized α6 integrin was targeted to early endosomes but not to lamp1 vesicles. Depletion of α3 integrin expression resulted in redistribution of α6β4 integrin to an observed cell–cell staining pattern that is consistent with a suprabasal distribution observed in epidermis and early PIN lesions in PCa. Depletion of α3 integrin increased cell migration by 1.8‐fold, which was dependent on α6β1 integrin. Silencing of α6 integrin expression however, had no significant effect on the kactual of α3 integrin or its distribution in early endosomes. These results indicate that α3 and α6 integrins have significantly different internalization kinetics and that coordination exists between them for internalization. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1038–1049, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deep into the Aristolochia Flower: Expression of C, D, and E‐Class Genes inAristolochia fimbriata(Aristolochiaceae)
Authors: Suárez‐Baron Harold , Pérez‐Mesa Pablo , Ambrose Barbara A. , González Favio , Pabón‐Mora Natalia
Published: August 2016

Aristolochia fimbriata(Aristolochiaceae) is a member of an early diverging lineage of flowering plants and a promising candidate for evo‐devo studies.Aristolochiaflowers exhibit a unique floral synorganization that consists of a monosymmetric and petaloid calyx formed by three congenitally fused sepals, and a gynostemium formed by the congenital fusion between stamens and the stigmatic region of the carpels. This floral ground plan atypical in the magnoliids can be used to evaluate the role of floral organ identity MADS‐box genes during early flower evolution. In this study, we present in situ hybridization experiments for the homologs of the canonical C‐, D‐, and E‐class genes. Spatiotemporal expression of the C‐class geneAfimAGis restricted to stamens, ovary, and ovules, suggesting a conserved stamen and carpel identity function, consistent with that reported in core‐eudicots and monocots. The D‐class geneAfimSTKis detected in the anthers, the stigmas, the ovary, the ovules, the fruit, and the seeds, suggesting conserved roles in ovule and seed identity and unique roles in stamens, ovary, and fruit development. In addition,AfimSTKexpression patterns in areas of organ abscission and dehiscence zones suggest putative roles linked to senescence processes. We found that both E‐class genes are expressed in the anthers and the ovary; however,AfimSEP2exhibits higher expression compared toAfimSEP1. These findings provide a comprehensive picture of the ancestral expression patterns of the canonical MADS‐box floral organ identity genes and the foundations for further comparative analyses in other magnoliids.
Characterization of complex, heterogeneous lipid A samples using HPLC–MS/MS technique I. Overall analysis with respect to acylation, phosphorylation and isobaric distribution
Authors: Sándor Viktor , Dörnyei Ágnes , Makszin Lilla , Kilár Ferenc , Péterfi Zoltán , Kocsis Béla , Kilár Anikó
Published: August 2016

We established a new reversed phase‐high performance liquid chromatography method combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination and structural characterization of different lipid A types in bacteria (Escherichia coli O111, Salmonella adelaide O35 and Proteus morganii O34) showing serological cross‐reactivity. The complex lipid A mixtures (obtained by simple extraction and acid hydrolysis of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharides) were separated and detected without phosphate derivatization. Several previously unidentified ions were detected, which differed in the number and type of acyl chains and number of phosphate groups. In several cases, we observed the different retention of isobaric lipid A species, which had different secondary fatty acyl distribution at the C2′ or the C3′ sites. The fragmentation of the various, C4′ monophosphorylated lipid A species in deprotonated forms provided structural assignment for each component. Fragmentation pathways of the tri‐acylated, tetra‐acylated, penta‐acylated, hexa‐acylated and hepta‐acylated lipid A components and of the lipid A partial structures are suggested. As standards, the hexa‐acylated ion at m/z 1716 with the E. coli‐type acyl distribution and the hepta‐acylated ion at m/z 1954 with the Salmonella‐type acyl distribution were used. The results confirmed the presence of multiple forms of lipid A in all strains analyzed. In addition, the negative‐ion mode MS permitted efficient detection for non‐phosphorylated lipid A components, too. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graft‐to‐recipient weight ratio threshold adjusted to the model for end‐stage liver disease score for living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Alim Altan , Erdogan Yalcin , Yuzer Yildiray , Tokat Yaman , Oezcelik Arzu
Published: August 2016

The graft‐to‐recipient weight ratio (GRWR) is an important selection criterion for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The generally accepted threshold is known to be 0.8%. We believe that this threshold can be reduced under certain conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of these patients with GRWR < 0.8%. Between 2004 and 2015, 649 patients underwent right lobe LDLT for end‐stage liver disease in adult patients. All recipients who had GRWR < 0.8% were identified. The data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed and compared to patients with GRWR ≥ 0.8%. There were 43 patients with GRWR < 0.8%. Out of these patients, 7 (16%) had GRWR of 0.6%. The median Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 15, and the median donor age was 30 years. Anterior segment drainage was ensured. Portal inflow modulation was performed by splenic artery ligation according to the portal flow. Postoperative complications were seen in 6 (14%) patients. Of all 43 patients, 3 (7%) died perioperatively within 1 month, and 1 (2%) patient underwent retransplantation due to graft failure. The mean hospital stay was 18 days. The 1‐year survival rate was 93%. None of the patients had a laboratory MELD score above 20. The comparison of the results with the patients who had GRWR ≥ 0.8% has shown no significant difference, except MELD score, body mass index (BMI), and rate of anterior segment drainage. The GRWR can be decreased even to 0.6% if the MELD score is below 20, donor age is below 45 years, and there are no signs for any hepatosteatosis of the donor graft. In these patients, it is essential that the anterior segment drainage is secured and the portal inflow modulation is performed according to the portal flow. Liver Transplantation 22 1643–1648 2016 AASLD.
One For Me, One For You: Cause‐Related Marketing with Buy‐One Give‐One Promotions
Authors: Hamby Anne
Published: August 2016

A Buy‐one Give‐one (BOGO) donation model features the donation of a physical entity and is a popular cause‐related marketing (CM) promotion format. Little is known about factors that underlie consumer response to BOGO‐format promotions. The current studies, collectively, indicate BOGO promotions evoke a concrete construal mindset [(Trope & Liberman ). Temporal construal. Psychological Review, 110, 403–421], which influences consumer response in a distinct manner: BOGO promotions enhance promotion attitudes and purchase intention when bundled with utilitarian products, and enhance consumer response through perceived helpfulness of the donated entity.
Nanoimplants that Enhance Human Capabilities: A Cognitive‐Affective Approach to Assess Individuals’ Acceptance of this Controversial Technology
Authors: Reinares‐Lara Eva , Olarte‐Pascual Cristina , Pelegrín‐Borondo Jorge , Pino Giovanni
Published: August 2016

Nanotechnology enables the miniaturization of complex devices designed to enhance individuals’ physical and cognitive capabilities and, in the form of nanoimplants, their integration in the human body. It is unknown, however, whether people are willing or not to accept such devices. To shed light on this issue, this research used an extended version of the well‐known technology acceptance model (TAM), adding affective factors to the cognitive components already present in the model. Testing on a sample of 600 individuals yielded statistically significant effects on attitudes toward nanoimplants and intention to undergo nanoimplantation. Conclusions are drawn and implications are discussed.
On Korn's first inequality for tangential or normal boundary conditions with explicit constants
Authors: Bauer Sebastian , Pauly Dirk
Published: August 2016

We will prove that for piecewise C2‐concave domains in
Korn's first inequality holds for vector fields satisfying homogeneous normal or tangential boundary conditions with explicit Korn constant
. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ground state solutions and geometrically distinct solutions for generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Li Quanqing , Teng Kaimin , Wu Xian
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we study the following generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equation

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4131:mma4131-math-0002
where N≥3,
is a C1 even function, g(0) = 1 and g′(s) > 0 for all s > 0. Under some suitable conditions, we prove that the equation has a ground state solution and infinitely many pairs ±u of geometrically distinct solutions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Casein glycomacropeptide‐derived peptide IPPKKNQDKTE ameliorates high glucose‐induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via activation of AMPK signaling
Authors: Song Jia‐jia , Wang Qian , Du Min , Li Tian‐ge , Chen Bin , Mao Xue‐ying
Published: August 2016

Scope

Recently, casein glycomacropeptide (GMP)‐derived peptide was found to possess potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. In this study, the improvement effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of GMP‐derived peptide on hepatic insulin resistance were investigated.

Methods and results

The peptide IPPKKNQDKTE was identified from GMP papain hydrolysates by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Effects of IPPKKNQDKTE on glucose metabolism and expression levels of the hepatic insulin signaling proteins in high glucose‐induced insulin‐resistant HepG2 cells were evaluated. Results showed that IPPKKNQDKTE dose‐dependently increased glucose uptake and intracellular glycogen in insulin‐resistant HepG2 cells without affecting cell viability. IPPKKNQDKTE increased the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β and decreased the expression levels of p‐GS, G6Pase and PEPCK. These IPPKKNQDKTE‐mediated protection effects were reversed by PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, showing the mediatory role of PI3K/Akt. Moreover, treatment with IPPKKNQDKTE reduced IRS‐1 Ser307 phosphorylation and increased phosphorylation of AMPK. Knockdown AMPK using siRNA in HepG2 cells increased Ser307 phosphorylation of IRS‐1 and reduced Akt phosphorylation in IPPKKNQDKTE‐treated insulin‐resistant cells.

Conclusion

IPPKKNQDKTE prevents high glucose‐induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells by modulating the IRS‐1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through AMPK activation, indicating that IPPKKNQDKTE plays a potential role in the prevention and treatment of hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
The influence of compatibilizers on the structure and mechanical properties of lightweight reinforced thermoplastics
Authors: Fang Xun , Shen Chunyin , Dai Gance
Published: August 2016

Lightweight reinforced thermoplastics (LWRT) have a low density and high rigidity. The application of LWRTs to automotive interiors, such as headliners and instrument panels, is very promising. The porous structure of LWRTs is formed in the process of deconsolidation, so pores may appear between the matrix and fibers that interrupt the transfer of stress and deteriorate the mechanical properties. In this article, maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MAH) and glycidyl methacrylate‐grafted polypropylene were selected to study the influence of compatibilizers on the structural and mechanical properties of an LWRT. It was found that the modification effect of PP‐g‐MAH is more significant. Before the mass fraction of PP‐g‐MAH reaches 20%, the tensile and flexural properties of the LWRT increased with the PP‐g‐MAH content. The required content of PP‐g‐MAH in the LWRT is high compared with the voidless composites. Structures with a good matrix distribution and dispersion are anticipated in LWRTs, which are not considered in voidless composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2212–2223, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Novel type of isoprenoid membrane anchors: an investigation of binding properties with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles
Authors: Faizullin Dzhigangir A. , Dzyurkevich Mikhail S. , Valiullina Yuliya A. , Islamov Daut R. , Kataeva Olga N. , Zuev Yuriy F. , Plemenkov Vitaliy V. , Stoikov Ivan I.
Published: August 2016

In this work, we present a new type of amphiphilic membrane‐anchoring agents that can be easily obtained by the Diels‐Alder reaction between terpene myrcene and N‐substituted maleimides. The interaction between the compounds and small unilamellar dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was investigated using infrared spectroscopy, microgravimetry, and turbidimetry. The ability of the compounds to embed in the phospholipid membrane was shown to be strongly dependent on the charge of their polar group. The insertion of the compounds studied into the lipid bilayer did not lead to disruption of the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles up to the highest tested drug to lipid molar ratio of 0.5 to 0.6. Low lipid solubilization ability of the compounds as well as their rigid nonplanar structure makes them an interesting alternative to the common membrane‐anchoring structural motifs.