bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Extended UCON Model Supporting Distributed Multidomain Applications
Authors: Gan Sheng Ke , Wang Feng Bin
Published: January 2012

This paper presents security rules summarized from the analysis of an distributed multidomain application. The paper proposes extensions to the core UCON model to address typical problems and requirements in the distributed multidomain environment such as: dynamic attributes, delegation authorization mechanism. The paper gives the definition of the important part of the extended UCON model such as: the basic sets, the system assertions and the actions.
Research and Implementation of Embedded Voice Interaction System Based on ARM in Intelligent Space
Authors: Zhou Feng Yu , Li Jin Huan , Tian Guo Hui , Song Bao Ye , Li Cai Hong
Published: January 2012

This paper presents the design and implementation of voice interaction system based on ARM in service robots intelligent space. ARM Cortex-M3 core based STM32F103 is used for main controller. And real-time embedded operating system μC/OS-II is used to schedule different tasks and manage peripheral devices. LD3320 and XFS4041CN are used for speech recognition and speech synthesis, respectively. Establish a dialogue set by defining the set of two-dimensional array, and then intelligent space updates the dialogue set dynamically via ZigBee wireless network for multiple scenes. If the recognition result is got by speech recognition module, dialogue management module will send corresponding texts to speech synthesis module, enabling text-to-speech output. At the same time, intelligent space decision support system will send corresponding commands to equipments by ZigBee. From lots of experiments and practical applications, we can conclude that voice interaction systems designed in the paper can gracefully satisfy the current request of voice interaction in service robots intelligent space, having great application value.
Dispersive Mixing Performance of Discs in a Series Disc-Screw Extruder
Authors: Yang Jing , Jiang Bo
Published: January 2012

This work aims at the simulation of three-dimensional isothermal flow between a pair of discs in a series disc-screw (SDS) extruder by finite element method. To analyze the dispersive mixing performance, mixing parameters such as shear rate and mixing index were calculated. The configuration of discs and the gap between a pair of discs were designed. The more grooves on the disc, the better dispersive performance. There was an optimal gap size for dispersive mixing. It is also discussed that the effect of rotate speed on the mixing performance.
Japanese Products and Emotional Concept
Authors: Wang Ling , Xue Yan
Published: January 2012

The paper describes the style and characteristics of Japanese products, analyses the main reason why Japanese products can be so fashionable throughout the world by going through Japanese products’ design from three aspects, harmonization design, new high technology, reasonable man-machine, and humanization design, at the same time, it points out the secret of Japanese design’s leading position from its cultural connotation and scientific and technological content. Japanese boasts uniqueness in every aspect, cultural industry in particular. For example, in film, clothing and catering industry, “Japanese goods” a phenomenon of following Japanese fashion, has been gradually formed and swept the whole Asia. Against the background of closer communication between countries in culture and economy in the 21 century, how can Japanese goods continue to dominate the market in Asian and the world as a whole Through some superficial phenomenon, this paper concludes the following reasons of Japanese commodity humanistic products design concept, namely,the product's high technology content, humanization design and reasonable man-machine. Japanese, regarded as one of the “Four Tigers of Asia”, what on earth is charm o
Light: The Rope Hypothesis
Authors: Gaede Bill , Vini Vini
Published: January 2012

We propose a physical model that provides a rational interpretation to the fundamental properties of light. The Rope Hypothesis justifies and simulates basic features and behaviors such as straightness, speed, and orthogonality, and merges light with gravity into a single mechanism.
Transient Combustion and Hydrocarbon Emission Characteristics of a Port-Fuel-Injected Engine
Authors: Zhou Jian Hao , Yuan Yin Nan , Liu Xian Qiang , Du Jia Yi
Published: January 2012

An experimental paltform for simulating the starting process of a PFI engine was set up. The contrastive analysis of prototype engine between conventional start with starting motor and high-speed cranking start with ISG (Integrate Starter/Generator) was carried out. Variation regulation of the transient engine speed, the cylinder pressure, the fuel compensation factor, the intake manifold pressure and the transient HC emission were elaborated. The results show that, with the increase of cranking speed, the intake air pressure dropped, and the intake air quantity reduced as well. The duration of fuel evaporation was shortened, so the fuel atomization was insufficient. The possibility of misfire was increased and the transient HC emission was prominent. All these phenomena had a close relationship with ECT (Engine Coolant Temperature). Fuel compensation in the first few working cycles during starting process could make the original lean mixture more preferable in order to improve the combustion environment.
Networking Architecture for Chinese Mechanical Virtual Human
Authors: Tang Gang , Chang Dao Fang , Mi Wei Jian , Wang Cheng Tao , Wang Dong Mei
Published: January 2012

Networking architecture is used in the project of Chinese mechanical virtual human (CMVH) to improve the efficiencies in kinematics, dynamics and finite element (FE) analysis. A three-dimensional (3D) musculoskeletal model of a male human has been constructed according to the male dataset of Chinese visible human (CVH). Many servers and software have been distributed and application by using the method of networking architecture. Finally, a networking architecture platform by using these models to solving the parameters has been established. This networking architecture platform is more efficiency than single computer or server. It provides us insight in developing the new platform for biomechanical simulation.
Optimal Flight Path Planning of Cruising Phase with No-Fly Zone Constraints Based on Dynamic Programming Algorithm
Authors: Wang Su Xiao , Yang Yong Sheng , Jing Zhong Liang
Published: January 2012

The purpose of flight path planning is to find the optimal path from the real-time and conflict-free airspace to meet the targets, according to one or several performance index. Effective avoiding the no-fly zones, such as the areas of martial movement and the areas of rain and thunderstorm, has great significance to the current flight management system (FMS) that is real-time and effective implementation of the flight plan. The dynamic optimization method of level route based on DP (Dynamic Programming) algorithm without no-fly zone constraints is discussed. Quick and effective to find out an optimal path from the waypoints of arbitrary selection and input can be realized. On this basis, the situation of adding no-fly zone constraints is focused on. In order to ensure that the aircraft is able to effectively avoid no-fly zone constraints in actual flight, Gauss Kruger projection method to convert geographic coordinates to plane coordinates is adopted. Simulation results show that the method used can not only effectively avoid no-fly zone constraints, and the path passed is still optimal.
Analysis of the Impact of Distributed Generation on Distribution Network Protection
Authors: Dong Jie , Rong Ya Jun , Zhang Chun Jiang
Published: January 2012

With the connection of distributed generation (DG), structure of traditional distribution network changes and original relay protection scheme should be adjusted. On the basis of introducing the concept and advantages of distributed generation, this paper discusses the influence of distributed generation with different position or different capacity on current protection. The paper analyzes magnitude and distribution of fault current under short-circuit condition and change curves of fault current are given, which provides some theoretical basis for new relay protection scheme.
The Effects of Parameter Settings on the Performance of Genetic Algorithm through Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
Authors: Kolahan Farhad , Doughabadi Marziyeh Hassani
Published: January 2012

Genetic algorithm (GA) is a meta-heuristic inspired by the efficiency of natural selection in biological evolution. It is one of the most widely used optimization procedure which has successfully been applied on a variety of complex combinatorial problems. The main drawback of GA, however, is its several tuning variables which need to be correctly set. The performance of GA largely depends on the proper selection of its parameters values; including crossover mechanism, probability of crossover, population size and mutation rate and selection percent. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of tuning parameters on the performance of genetic algorithm using the data collected as per Central Composite Design (CCD) matrix. To gather the required data, the proposed approach is implemented on a well-known travelling salesman problem with 48 cities. Then, regression modeling has been employed to relate GA variables settings to its performance characteristic. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results indicate that the function can properly represent the relationship between GA important variables and its performance measure (solution quality).
Research on Sealing Technology of Magnetic Fluid in Medicinal High-Speed Grinder Gearbox
Authors: Huang Jing Fei , Rui Yan Nian , Jiang Xiao Mei , Rui Yan Nian
Published: January 2012

Seal leakage in medicinal high-speed grinder is one of the problems probe and research by equipment designer and user. In this paper, a new structure of seal is designed with a combination of micro-nano magnetic fluid seal and mechanical lubricating ring. Sealing structure has been optimized through tests on the reliability. Experimental results show that the method can better solve the seal leakage in Medicinal high-speed grinder.
Simulation Research About Air Conditioning Load Calculation
Authors: Zheng Hui Fan , Xiao Ting Ting
Published: January 2012

Theory analysis method is adopted in this paper to review the development history of air-conditioning loads calculation, point out that the air-conditioning loads calculation went through from steady calculation to periodic unsteady calculation and then to new period of dynamic load calculation. Simulation calculation of air-conditioning cooling load have been developed deeply, and many software can be used to calculate the hourly cooling load about building. At last, The application of neutral network for prediction of cooling load in air conditioning systems have been introduced.
Research on Control Method of Expressway Off-Ramp Based on Q-Learning Algorithm and Extension Control
Authors: Liu Xiao Ming , Wang Xiu Ying
Published: January 2012

The movement characteristics of traffic flow nearby have the important influence on the main line. The control method of expressway off-ramp based on Q-learning and extension control is established by analyzing parameters of off-ramp and auxiliary road. First, the basic description of Q-learning algorithm and extension control is given and analyzed necessarily. Then reward function is gained through the extension control theory to judge the state of traffic light. Simulation results show that compared to the queue lengths of off-ramp and auxiliary road, control method based on Q-learning algorithm and extension control greatly reduced queue length of off-ramp, which demonstrates the feasibility of control strategies.
Study of Cascade Seven-Level Parallel Active Filter
Authors: Shi Li Ping , Wang Zheng Da , Hu Ya Jing
Published: January 2012

Multi-level inverter can output high voltage directly and can be connected without transformer, so it is applied more and more widely in high power situation. This paper presents a cascade H bridge seven-level parallel active power filter. This paper analyzes the principle of cascade H bridge multi-level inverter, designs a cascade H bridge seven-level SAPF based on CPS-SPWM, and the principle and the effect are simulated. The simulation results show that this system can compensate load harmonic current.
Dynamic Fast Database Mining Algorithm Based on Association Rules
Authors: Wang Zong Jiang
Published: January 2012

In order to resolve the problems of real-time data mining, a dynamic fast mining algorithm is proposed in this paper based on association rules. The algorithm do not need to scan the original database again, and overcome the weaknesses of Apriori Algorithm, which is the most representative mining approach using association rules, such as time-consuming, no online digging, and so on. The algorithm meets the demand of online and progressive mining. With the properties of multilayer processing simultaneously and updating promptly, as well as the definition of sensitivity parameter, the algorithm can be used to mine useful real-time information for the decision makers.
Improved Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Probabilistic Neural Network
Authors: Liu Gu Qing , Yin Shu Hua , Wang Xin Tian , Sun Yan Qing
Published: January 2012

In order to enhancing the accuracy of fault diagnosis system, an improved method based on the probabilistic neural network (PNN) is proposed, in which the synthetic attribute weights of faults are introduced that are obtained by integrating algebra view and information theory view of rough set. The synthetic attribute weights are utilized to training the classical PNN and dealing with the classification of faults so as to improving the PNN model. The new model is more accurate and can represent expertise. This novel approach is applied in digital data network to diagnose failures, and the results of the experiment verify that the method is practical and effective in raising accuracy of diagnosis as well as avoiding misdirection in fault remedy.
Study on Application of Improved Predictive Current Method in STATCOM
Authors: Zeng Lin Suo , Chen Zhong Lei
Published: January 2012

Predictive current method as a control strategy of the STATCOM is more and more applied to practical production. The traditional predictive current method can only predict the reactive current in the broad sense, and not detailed to predict for any harmonic; and the delay caused by sampling, analysis and calculation, prediction do not led to a good predictor for control requirements during the traditional prediction. In this paper, the above issues are appropriately improved. And the simulation results verify its operability.
Health Monitoring of New and Aging Pipelines- Development and Application of Instrumented Pigs
Authors: Vats Sudeep
Published: January 2012

More than 3 million kilometers of high pressure liquid and gas pipelines are installed all over the world.Usually steel is the safest means to transport large quantities of oil and oil related products and natural gas however, just like any other technical component, pipelines also deteriorate with time, result of which, flaws appear and they grows until the pipeline fails. That is why Pipeline operators worldwide maintain the good health of buried cross-country pipelines with a combination of good quality external coating and cathodic protection. Beside this various other techniques like cleaning and debris removal by scrapper pigging at intervals depending upon the life of pipeline and the products being transported through the same are used. Use of corrosion inhibitors and internal coating is also done to protect the internal surface from corrosion. It is of greatest importance to ensure the safety, efficiency,environmental integrity and regulatory compliance of the worldwide pipeline infrastructure. Achieving this objective entails the need for effective inspection technologies, incorporating the accuracy and reliability required for optimized maintenance strategies. Intelligent pigs are used for inline inspection of buried pipelines to monitor their thorough health,assess the risks associated with their operation,pilferage checking and cracks etc. These IPIGS are capable of detecting metal loss upto 5-10 percent of wall thickness on inner as well as external surfaces of pipeline. IPIGS based on ultrasonic and eddy current sensors are capable of detecting cracks also.[10] On the basis of the wall thickness loss and the intensity of defects, pipeline risk assessment is done and preventive and corrective measures are planned. This paper presents the technical details of instrumented pig with its advantages and disadvantages over conventional methods of pipeline protection and inspection. It also elaborates the concept of multiple technology intelligent pig and scope for future research on intelligent pigging. (abstract)
The Research of Logic Risk Detection Based on the Signal Act
Authors: Peng Hui Ping
Published: January 2012

The traditional detection methods of competition risk can only detect partly risk. This paper puts forward a risk detection that expresses different hopping by four values, and makes Karnaugh map based on four values signal act for logic circuit. This method can detect all competition risks through analysis.
Substation Bus Reactive Load Forecasting in Large Iron and Steel Enterprise
Authors: Mu Li , Shi Jia Chuan , Li Xian Quan
Published: January 2012

Impact loads in large iron and steel enterprise bring the power system reactive power impact, which makes the fluctuation of the system voltage, power factor and other parameters are out of the limitation of the national standard. Substation bus reactive load forecasting in large iron and steel enterprise can be introduced to determine reactive power optimization strategy and the switching of capacitors. In this paper, a combination forecasting model of quadratic self-adaptive exponential smoothing (QSES) model and converse exponential (CE) model has been proposed for substation bus reactive load forecasting. The numerical results in Jinan iron and steel Group show the application of this model is encouraging. Introduction
Recognition of Driver Turn Behavior Based on Video Analysis
Authors: Lu Yu Feng , Li Chun Ling
Published: January 2012

In view of the shortcoming of driver state detection system which may take turn behavior as driver distraction, a new method to recognize turn behavior was proposed based on video images analysis. The driver hands position in different driving behavior were analyzed and we found that the position of driver’s hands changed more violent when in turning than in other driving behavior. So we may use standard deviation of driver hands position to recognize driver turn behavior. In order to improve the hands locating speed the Particle Filtering was used to track the driver hands. And experiments resulted that the recognition algorithm can identify the driver's turn behavior.
Measurement and Analysis of Electric Power Quality for Commercial Vessels
Authors: Su Chun Lien , Yang Ming Chao , Lin Ming Chao
Published: January 2012

Owing to more and more sensitive loads installed in modern ships, ship owners and builders have been faced with rising numbers of complaints about the quality of power. However, the existing power monitoring facilities installed onboard for recording deviations of power parameters is only over steady-state conditions due to limited capacity of measurement equipment and ignores short-duration phenomena. To understand the true supply quality in ships, a power quality (PQ) monitoring technique is employed in this paper. The PQ parameters including short-duration and long-duration voltage and frequency variations in a practical commercial vessel power system under different operating conditions are analyzed and their statistic data are reported. Through PQ measurement and analysis, the quality of supply can be quantified and assessed according to classification society standards. Analysis model developed in this paper can assist them in understanding true supply quality in ships for further determining proper PQ mitigation options.
A Fast-Locking ADPLL with Time Measurable DCO
Authors: Lim Tae Ho , Kim Ki Jin , Park S. H. , Ahn K. H.
Published: January 2012

This paper proposes a new all digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) which operates from 80MHz to 800MHz with the locking cycle of less than 40 clock cycles. It employs a time measurable digital controlled oscillator (TMDCO), which helps the reduction of locking cycle. The proposed ADPLL adopts the (8+4)-bit TMDCO and is very insensitive to its linearity and monotonicity characteristics. The validity of the approach is clearly proved by both the analytic method and spectre simulations in a 90-nm fabrication technology.
Distribution of the Oceanic Gas Hydrates and its Controlling Factors of Accumulation
Authors: Gao Lian Feng , Zhang Ying , Zhang Zhen Guo
Published: January 2012

Gas hydrates with ice-like structures presenting in submarine sediments, are stable only at low temperature and high pressure, and are an energy source and an environmental hazard. This article analyses the distributing regulation of gas hydrates in the ocean from mass data which are gained from DSDP\ODP\IODP and other fields. The controlling factors of accumulation were discussed which include characters of marine geology, such as sedimentary velocity, content of the TOC, granularity of sediment, hydro-dynamic condition and ocean productivity.
Development of a Test Platform for Stand-Alone PV Systems
Authors: Zhao Xiang Yang , Jin Yu
Published: January 2012

To verify the design of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system, a test facility has been installed. This paper describes a platform to test the stand-alone solar system according to the IEC62124 standard. Essentially, this entire system involves the integration of a Personal Computer (PC), Data Acquisition (DAQ), an AC load and a solar array simulator (SAS) to test and simulate a stand-alone PV system. The main functions of this test facility are data acquisition, display, save and analysis data and print reports. The information obtained by monitoring parameters, such as average battery’s temperature, voltage and current is fed to the PC via the DAQ for analysis. This customized control interface has been developed by utilizing Labview software. This new system boasts of high accuracy measurements coupled with the commercial viability of low cost.
A New Ti-Based Amorphous Powder Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Zhu Yu Ying , Li Qiang , He Yun Hua , Wang Ge , Wang Xing Hua
Published: January 2012

A new quaternary amorphous alloy powder Ti50Fe22Ni22Sn6 are prepared by mechanical alloying. The milling was performed under an argon atmosphere in a high-energy planetary ball mill. After milled 70h, fully amorphous Ti50Fe22Ni22Sn6 powders can be obtained, with the condition of the milling speed, 300rpm, and the weighs ratio of ball to powder, 10:1. Crystal structure of the milled powders is investigated by XRD. Thermal analysis show that when the heating rate increasing from 10K/min to 40K/min, the super-cooled liquid region of milled amorphous alloy increased from 93K to 110K.
Comparison Studies of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) Process Model for Low Gap Current
Authors: Yahya Azli , Trias Andromeda , Erawan Minhat Ade , Nor Hisham Khamis , Khalil Kamal , Rahim Muhammad Arif Abdul
Published: January 2012

This paper aims to compare the material removal rate, ν between a Dimensional Analysis (DA) model, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model and an experimental result for a low gap current of an Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process. The data analysis is based on a copper electrode and steel workpiece materials. The DA and ANN model that have been developed and reported earlier by authors are used to compare the material removal of EDM process. The result indicated that the ANN model provides better accuracy towards the experimental results.
The Present Status and Future Trends of In-Wheel Motors for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Li Xiao Hua , Qian Hong
Published: January 2012

In-wheel motor drive has been developed quickly. In this paper, the characteristics of four traditional machines are first reviewed and evaluated. Then, the present status of in-wheel motor drive are discussed, finally, future research trends of electrical machines in EVs are described.
Applying Different Learning Rules in Neuro-Symbolic Integration
Authors: Sathasivam Saratha
Published: January 2012

Pseudo inverse learning rule and new activation unction performance will be evaluated and compared with the primitive learning rule, Hebb rule. Comparisons are made between these three rules to see which rule is better or outperformed other rules in the aspects of computation time, memory and complexity. From the computer simulation that has been carried out, the new activation function performs better than the other two learning methods.
Flow and Performance Characteristics of a Double-Blade Hydrofoil
Authors: Yavuza Tahir , Kilkis Birol , Koc Emre , Erol Ozgur
Published: January 2012

While our planet is rapidly approaching an environmental crisis under the dominant use of depleting fossil fuels, the need for exploiting all forms of new, small carbon foot-print, renewable, and clean energy resources are increasing in the same proportion. Therefore, the need for exploring all types of clean energy resources that the world has- some of which might have not attracted sufficient attention before- is essential in order to implement sufficient, efficient, and widely use all them. In this respect, operational effectiveness of the wind and hydrokinetic turbines depend on the performance of the airfoils chosen. Using double-blade airfoils in the wind and hydrokinetic turbines, minimum wind and hydrokinetic flow velocities to produce meaningful and practical mechanical power reduces to 3- 4 m /s for wind turbines and 1-1.5 m/s or less for hydrokinetic turbines. Consequently, double-blade hydrofoils may re-define the potentials of wind power and hydrokinetic power of the countries in positive manner.
Research on Power System Network Topology Analysis Using the Object-Oriented Technology
Authors: Zhou Li , Ju Rong , Ju Yong
Published: January 2012

The quality of the topology is the benchmark for the whole power system to measure the difficulty level, the possibility of expansion and ease of maintenance, and the topology is the basic for the various calculations in power system. In this paper, object-oriented technology will be used to establish the model of electric network equipment. The broad-first search method (BFS) and the depth-first search method (DFS) will be used to realize the topology analysis of the power system network, and the analysis process is fast and accurate.
Compact Disc Visual Inspection Using Neural Network
Authors: Prabuwono Anton Satria , Zulkipli Siti Rahayu , Harahap Doli Anggia , Usino Wendi , Hasniaty A.
Published: January 2012

Image processing is widely used in various fields of study including manufacturing as product inspection. In compact disc manufacturing, image processing has been implemented to recognize defect products. In this research, we implemented image processing technique as pre-processing processes. The aim is to acquire simple image to be processed and analyzed. In order to express the object from the image, the features were extracted using Invariant Moment (IM). Afterward, neural network was used to train the input from IM’s results. Thus, decision can be made whether the compact disc is accepted or rejected based on the training. Two experiments have been done in this research to evaluate 40 datasets of good and defective images of compact discs. The result shows that accuracy rate increased and can identify the quality of compact discs based on neural network training.
The Newly AND-OR FNN Modeling and Application
Authors: Sui Jiang Hua , Ma Qiang
Published: January 2012

The novel multilayer feed-forward AND-OR fuzzy neural network (AND-OR FNN) is proposed in this paper. The main feature is shown not only in reducing the input space by special inner structure of neurons, but also auto-extracting the rules by the structure self-organization and parameter self-learning. The equivalent is proved that the network structure and fuzzy inference. The whole structure of network is optimized by genetic algorithm to extract if-then rules. This designing approach is employed to modeling an AND-OR FNN controller for ship control. Simulated results demonstrate that the number of rule base is decreased remarkably and the performance is much better than ordinary fuzzy control, illustrate the approach is practicable, simple and effective.
Neural Element Harmonic Response Analysis for the Aperiodic Steady Response of Non-Linear Systems
Authors: Liu Can Chang , Chai Shan , Liu Lu , Li Hong Yan
Published: January 2012

A novel numerical analysis was used to investigate the response of non-linear systems undergoing aperiodic excitations based on the Neural Harmonic Response Analysis method (NNHRAM). A numerical method of neural element discretization was proposed to turn the aperiodic excitations into superposition of a series of periodic excitations. The method of perturbation was applied to transform the non-linear governing equation into a series of linear differential equations. The method of NNHRAM could be used to solve the aperiodic steady response. The algebraic algorithm of direct steady-state analysis can improve the computational efficiency. The examples showed that the numerical results match well with the analytic solution.
Supply Chain Coordination on Moral Harzard
Authors: Song Ming Sheng
Published: January 2012

As members of the supply chain have separate objectives and different information, there are some conflicts for interest and moral hazard between the supply chain members. These problems often lead to the abatement of supply chain performance and overall profits. Therefore, this paper explores the supply chain risk causes, with this understanding formulates the moral hazard model on the hidden action, and finally puts forward suggestions to solve moral hazard.
Breeding Method for Ensemble Weather Prediction of Northeast Monsoon under the Influence of Global Warming
Authors: Saelao Jeerawan , Sukawat Dusadee
Published: January 2012

Numerical weather prediction models as well as the atmosphere itself can be viewed as nonlinear dynamical systems in which the evolution depends sensitively on the initial conditions. Any small error in the initial condition will lead to forecast errors that grow with increasing forecast time. The methods of ensemble forecasting are developed to generate a representative sample of the possible future states of a dynamical system. For an efficient ensemble forecasting, the initial perturbations to the control analysis should adequately sample the possible analysis errors. The analysis cycle is similar to a breeding cycle, which acts as a nonlinear perturbation model upon the evolution of the real atmosphere. This paper proposes a breeding method for generating ensemble perturbations that can effectively represent the uncertainties in the observed meteorological data. In order to simulate the possible states of northeast monsoon over Southeast Asia under the influence of global warming, selected data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are used for testing the generation of initial perturbations in the breeding process by integration of a shallow water model. The results from this research showed the effectiveness of the breeding method in generating ensemble perturbations for short-range weather forecast.
Study on the Water Environmental Capacity and the Sewage Control of the Sushui River
Authors: Bai Ji Zhong , Yang Jian Ming , Feng Min Quan
Published: January 2012

In order to know the environmental capacity, improve the continual deterioration of the water quality in Sushui River, and promote the harmonious development of economy and aquatic environment, we did the following research. Based on the 1-D steady-state water quality model, the outfalls are generalized, and then we derived the formula for calculating water environmental capacity of each reach. According to the information of water quality, hydrology data and the discharge distribution of the river, we chose COD, ammonia nitrogen and volatile phenol as the main control factors, and some formulas were used to calculate the water environmental capacity of COD, ammonia nitrogen and volatile phenol. From which we got that annual water environmental capacity of COD, ammonia nitrogen and volatile phenol on the studied reach respectively arrive at 1257.897~1420.928t, 17.873~26.025t and 1.750~2.871t under different design terms. It is serious pollution in the Sushui River, combined with the status quo emissions, we found that under different design terms, the annual quantity of pollutants reduction of COD, ammonia nitrogen and volatile phenol arrive at 30.36×106t, 3.257×106t and 0.1745×106t.
One-Step Ink-Jet Printing and Anti-Crease Finishing for Silk
Authors: Guan Fang Lan , Wang Jian Ming
Published: January 2012

An inkjet printing technology that combines printing and anti-crease in one process was developed for silk. Epoxy resin added to the pretreatment paste formulations was used as crease-resistant finishing agent for silk. The fabrics thus processed had satisfactory K/S color yield and colorfastness that were the same as the color quality from conventional inkjet printing. In addition, both dry and wet resiliencies of printed silk fabrics have been improved significantly especially the wet resiliency.
Technology and Mechanism of Redox Degumming on Apocynum
Authors: Wang Zong Qian , Huang Xiao Hua , Li Chang Long
Published: January 2012

In order to discuss the mechanism of redoxdegumming process on apocynum, the pH value of redoxdegumming solution has been detected firstly in the test. Secondly, free radicals of redox itself and apocynum in dealing with the system have been detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectra (ESR). These test results showed the redoxtreatment solution reacted and produced acidic substances constantly to maintain a stable pH value, The acidic substances and stable pH value could promote swelling and dissolving of pectic substances on the surface of apocynumbark bark. At the same time, free radicals have been stimulated from apocynum constituents by redox, and the activation energy of noncellulosics of apocynum reduced. Besides, the performances of apocynum fibers produced by the redoxdegumming technology have been measured in the test. The results showed that the apocynum fibers redoxare superior to that produced by the traditional degumming process in terms of finished products rate of fiber, fiber length, single fiber strength, etc. Compared to the traditional degumming process, the redoxdegumming process of apocynum can shorten the alkali scouring time greatly, which can save energy used in the production.
Methods to Determine Beta-Cyclodextrin on Fabric
Authors: Cai Ying Jie , Lin Li Na , Clark Matthew , Lewis David
Published: January 2012

We have studied a variety of methods to determine reactive beta-cyclodextrin fixed on wool and cotton fabrics: these include Kjeldahl analysis, weight-gain measurements, UV-Vis spectroscopy, hydrolysis of the ester linkage, hydrolysis of β-CD, fluorescence detection, titration of volatile amines, visual detection, and FT-IR.
Shape Memory Finishing of Wool Fabrics and Garments
Authors: Lu Jing , Hu Jin Lian , Zhu Yong , Liu Yi Jun
Published: January 2012

Shape memory finishing is suitable to wool knitted and woven fabric. The chemical is water soluble and environment friendly. The shape memory treated wool knitted fabric and garments achieve good dimensional stability, pill resistance, pattern design, crease retention, wrinkle recovery and bagging recovery effects. The finishing process is simple, saving water and can be done using the normal common washing machine. Shape memory chemical is also used on cashmere finishing increasing the piling rates.
Application of Vitamin E Microcapsules on Textiles
Authors: Yao Guo Ping , Zheng Jin Huan
Published: January 2012

Vitamin E microcapsules prepared using spray drying were applied to fabrics in thefinishing processby means of padding, and characterization of microcapsules was studied.Experimental conditions for the textile padding process were based on industrial requirements.Morphologies and core-shell structure of the microcapsules and particle size distribution were studiedusing scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and a particle size analyzer.The effectiveness of textile padding (adherence state of microcapsules on textiles and washingfastness) was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Basedon the present reseach, vitamin E successfully adhered to textiles, and a kind of skin-care product hasbeen developed.
Colouring by Using Biobased Materials
Authors: Yasunaga Hidekazu
Published: January 2012

Novel colouring techniques by using biobased materials were studied. The orange or reddish orange colourant is obtained from (+)-catechin by an enzymatic reaction using tyrosinase. Human hair can be dyed orange or reddish orange by the colourant. The colourant does not cause reactions on skin such as erythema or oedema. The fastness to washing or light for hair dyed by it is high enough. The wool fabrics can be dyed by the treatment with (+)-catechin and the irradiation with ultraviolet light. The fastness to washing for the dyed wool is high enough. Woods are coloured with biobased materials by plasma radiation. The colours are very fast to rubbing.
Structure and Properties of Silk Grafted with 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate by ARGET ATRP
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Shi Wei , Xu Xia , Xing Tie Ling , Chen Guo Qiang
Published: January 2012

In this work, silk was reacted with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide to obtain silk macroinitiator for activators regenerated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP). Silk macroinitiator was grafted with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) via ARGET ATRP method to produce grafted silk in water aqueous. FT-IR characterization of the modified silk substrate showed that HEMA had been grafted onto the silk surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos of the grafted silks showed significant differences from the untreated silk. X-ray diffraction curves demonstrated that the crystalline structure of silk remained unchanged regardless of the HEMA grafting. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves indicated that the thermal stability of the grafted silk was improved. The whiteness, strength and moisture regain of the grafted silk decreased slightly, but the wrinkle recovery angle of the grafted silk increased distinctly compared with the control sample.
UV-Durable Superhydrophobic Textiles with UV-Shielding Property by Coating Fibers with ZnO/SiO2 Core/Shell Particles
Authors: Xue Chao Hua , Yin Wei , Jia Shun Tian , Ma Jian Zhong
Published: January 2012

ZnO/SiO2 core/shell particles were fabricated and coated on poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) textiles, followed by hydrophobization with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, to achieve superdrophobic surfaces with UV-shielding property. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to reveal the fabrication of ZnO/SiO2 core/shell particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to investigate the surface morphologies of the textile and the coating of the fibers. UV-Vis spectrophotometry and contact angle measurement indicated that the incorporation of ZnO onto fibers imparted UV-blocking property to the textile surface, while the coating of SiO2 shell on ZnO made the superhydrophobicity of the as-treated PET textile surface UV-durable.
A Colorific and Fluorescent Dual Signal Probe for DNA
Authors: Wu Tong , Peng Xiao Jun
Published: January 2012

The synthesis and characteristics of a new styryl colorific and fluorescent dual signal probe for DNA are described. Sty-HPy shows a high fluorescence enhancement (> 35-fold) in conjunction with a visible colorific change (45 nm red-shift) when bound to dsDNA. The large Stokes shift (140 nm) and sensitive colorific response to DNA are both attributed to the rational design of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) intra Sty-HPy.
Purification and Characterization of a Bioscouring Pectate Lyase from Paenibacillus sp. WZ008 with High Activity on Pectin
Authors: Ying Xiang Xian , Chen Li Na , Yu Mei Lan , Xue Qun , Wang Zhao
Published: January 2012

An extracellular pectate lyase was purified from the culture supernatant of Paenibacillus sp. WZ008 grown in the pectin-containing medium. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity in three steps and found to have a molecular weight of around 45 kDa. Highly methylated pectin was the optimum substrate in the case of no Ca2+ addition while the enzyme exhibited the maximal activity on polygalacturonic acid in the presence of 4 mM Ca2+. The purified enzyme demonstrated the optimum activity at a temperature range of 55-60°C and pH 9.6. The Ca2+ ion enhanced the enzyme activity but Mn2+, Ba2+ and EDTA strongly inhibited it.
Encapsulation of Pigment Using Natural Polysaccharides
Authors: Rekaby Manal Moustafa , Fan Qin Guo
Published: January 2012

With a view to developing UV curable systems from renewable biocompatible raw materials, the present work deals with the encapsulation of pigments with polysaccharide derivatives that can undergo crosslinking upon exposure to UV radiation. Maleate ester derivatives were prepared in anhydrous conditions using maleic anhydride in the presence of pyridine. Encapsulation of the pigment core in the prepared UV curable systems occurred by applying the prepared guar derivative as a shell material in a UV curable formulation that can be induced by a photoinitiator. Encapsulation is done by the o/w/o miniemulsion polymerization technique. In another approach, and for the sake of comparison, microencapsulation was performed via chemical crosslinking of the prepared guar maleate derivative in a W/O emulsion .The resultant nanocapsules were characterized using FTIR, DSC, and SEM. The nanocapsules were spherical with average particle size of 100 nm.
Application of Orange Phenylazo-β-Naphthol-Containing Sulfonamide Disperse Dyes Designed for Poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Cui Zhi Hua , Guo Jiang Chao , Chen Wei Guo , Tang Bing Tao
Published: January 2012

A series of phenylazo-β-naphthol-containing sulfonamide disperse dyes were applied to poly (lactic acid) fabric by exhaust dyeing. Their dye exhaustion, color strength and color fastness on poly (lactic acid) fabric were assessed. It was found that sulfonamide dyes, especially tertiary sulfonamide dyes, exhibited superior dye exhaustion, color strength and color fastness to washing and sublimation on poly (lactic acid) fabric in comparison to C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 bearing the same chromophore but without sulfonamide moiety.
An Investigation into the Anti-Ultraviolet Performance of Natural Tea Pigment
Authors: He Zhi Peng , Wu Zan Min
Published: January 2012

Wool fabric was treated with homemade natural tea pigment to endow anti-ultraviolet property. Research results showed that the anti-ultraviolet performance was improved significantly after treatment and the UPF value was increased with the increasing of the pigment dosage. Adding metal ions can improve anti-ultraviolet performance in varying degrees.
A Study on Supercritical CO2 Dyeing of Milk Protein Fiber with Capsanthin and its Function
Authors: Wu Zan Min , Deng Xiao Jiao , Wang Jun , He Zhi Peng
Published: January 2012

The milk protein fiber was dyed with homemade capsanthin in medium of supercritical CO2 and got a crimson color. The optimum dyeing conditions were: time 50min, temperature 333.15K, pressure 20MP. The dry/wet rubbing fastness rank were 3-4 and washing color fastness rank was 3. Milk protein fiber was of anti-ultraviolet property after dyeing.
Optimization of Washing Conditions with Lipase by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Xu Chen Ying , Ren Jiang , Shao Jian Zhong
Published: January 2012

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the washing conditions. A four-factorial three-level Box-Behnken partial orthogonal design was chosen to explain the washing process based on four critical factors, detergent concentration, lipase concentration, washing temperature and buffer pH. According to the responses from the experimental model, the effects of each variable were assessed and the interactions between variables were also determined. The experiment suggested that the optimal conditions for removal of olive oil from the cotton fabrics were 0.60g/L detergent, 4.37g/L lipase, washing temperature of 25.06 and buffer pH of 7.29. By actual washing confirmation, the wetting time of the washed fabric under the optimal condition was 0.51s. Home laundry could be conducted at low temperature with addition of lipase.
The Process of Silk Fabric Printed with Mulberry Red
Authors: Liu Na , Dai Xi Chun , Wang Xiang Rong
Published: January 2012

The process of silk fabric printed with a natural dye such as mulberry red has been studied. Sodium alginate could meet the need of silk printing. The optimum printing condition was that, steaming temperature was 100 °C, for 20 min with saturated steam. When the dye concentration relative to original paste reached 4%, the maximum of color depth could be achieved. The printed silk fabric with different mordants can get different colors.
Putting Future into Textiles
Authors: Funke Frank
Published: January 2012

Nowadays, low carbon is an important trend of textile industry. Green textile has become a favorite of market, a sustainable textiles benefit for human safety, energy saving and emission reduction. With cases and data, BASF will introduce its contribution to safe and ecological textile manufacturing as a chemical supplier focusing on 3 key areas: consumer safety, resource saving and climate protection. BASF is continually providing ecological solutions to textile industry, commit to the sustainable development of the textile industry. BASF aims to expand its cooperation and communication with industry partners and contribute to better textiles and a better future.
Fluorescence Chemosensors Based on Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Intramolecular Energy Transfer
Authors: Peng Xiao Jun
Published: January 2012

Ratiometric fluorescent sensors which based on ICT mechanism permit signal rationing to detect target molecules by measuring the ratio of fluorescence intensities at two different wavelengths, which are autoemitted by sensors upon binding objects. The autoreferential function of relative changes of two fluorescence intensities may avoid the influences of many nontarget factors in the changes of monofluorescence intensity. Therefore, the design of ratiometric fluorescent sensors is of great current interest. Generally, Cd2+ and Zn2+ havevery similar chemical properties, so the discrimination of them is very difficult.In sensor 1, we chose boradiazaindacene (BODIPY) as the fluorophore because it absorbs and emits in the visible region with high quantum yield, large extinction coefficient and good photo-stability,and N, N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzenamine as Cd2+ receptor. A vinyl group between the receptor and BODIPY fluorophore can induce red-shifts in absorption and fluorescence spectra. When Cd2+ is added into the aqueous solution of 1, owing to the reduction of the electron-donating character of the receptor, the photophysical properties of BODIPY will consequently be changed. In fact, 1 can distinguish Cd2+ from Zn2+ and especially can be used in both general fluorescence microscopy and ratiometric fluorescence microscopy.