bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Denis Diderot 'Rameau's Nephew' - 'Le Neveu de Rameau'
Authors: Diderot Denis
Published: June 2016

In a famous Parisian chess café, a down-and-out, HIM, accosts a former acquaintance, ME, who has made good, more or less. They talk about chess, about genius, about good and evil, about music, they gossip about the society in which they move, one of extreme inequality, of corruption, of envy, and about the circle of hangers-on in which the down-and-out abides. The down-and-out from time to time is possessed with movements almost like spasms, in which he imitates, he gestures, he rants. And towards half past five, when the warning bell of the Opera sounds, they part, going their separate ways.

Probably completed in 1772-73, Denis Diderot’s Rameau’s Nephew fascinated Goethe, Hegel, Engels and Freud in turn, achieving a literary-philosophical status that no other work by Diderot shares. This interactive, multi-media and bilingual edition offers a brand new translation of Diderot’s famous dialogue, and it also gives the reader much more. Portraits and biographies of the numerous individuals mentioned in the text, from minor actresses to senior government officials, enable the reader to see the people Diderot describes, and provide a window onto the complex social and political context that forms the backdrop to the dialogue. Links to musical pieces specially selected by Pascal Duc and performed by students of the Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris, illuminate the wider musical context of the work, enlarging it far beyond its now widely understood relation to opéra comique.

This new edition includes: - Introduction - Original text - English translation - Embedded audio-files - Explanatory Notes - Interactive Material
Decadal-to-Centennial Variability of Salinity in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Schimanke Semjon , Meier H. E. Markus
Published: June 2016

A transient multicentury simulation mimicking natural variability has been performed for the Baltic Sea. The simulation is used for investigations of long-term trends of salinity in the Baltic Sea with special focus on periods of salinity reduction. Periods with decreasing salinity over 10 yr are found to appear approximately once per century. Considering extended periods of salinity reduction, as observed from 1976 to 1992, such events are found to be quite exceptional. Based on the climate simulation, a return period of 200 yr is estimated. River discharge, net precipitation (precipitation minus evaporation), and zonal wind are identified as the most important drivers for salinity variations in the Baltic Sea. For multidecadal periods, almost two-thirds of the salinity variability can be explained by annual means of river discharge, precipitation, both wind components, temperature, and the North Atlantic Oscillation, when multilinear regression techniques are used. However, the evaluation of wavelet coherences among the time series highlights that this relationship is not constant in time. At least three periods exist, each spanning roughly 50 yr, where the coherence between salinity and runoff as the common main driver is rather weak. This indicates that the importance of river discharge might be limited for certain periods, and drivers such as zonal wind may become more important. Finally, the variability of the Baltic Sea salinity shows increased power on time scales of 100 yr and longer. Such periodicity has never been shown for Baltic Sea salinity, and the driving mechanism remains unclear.
Coupling Modes of Climatological Intraseasonal Oscillation in the East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Song Zehao , Zhu Congwen , Su Jingzhi , Liu Boqi
Published: June 2016

The present study used harmonic and multivariate empirical orthogonal function (MV-EOF) analyses to identify the existence of climatological intraseasonal oscillation (CISO) in the diabatic heating, precipitation, and circulation of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). The strongest CISO signals are found in the north of the western North Pacific, possibly because of the horizontal gradient of diabatic heating induced by the seasonal land–sea thermal contrast. Further, the phase relationship between the diabatic heating components maintains the EASM CISO. The first two coupling modes of EASM CISO in the circulation are robust during May through August, with a period of 40–80 days, and exhibit phase locking to the stepwise establishment of the EASM, which reveals the coaction of the Mongolian cyclone (MC) around Lake Baikal at 850 hPa, the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) at 500 hPa, and the South Asian high (SAH) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) at 200 hPa. The first mode shows that the jointly enhanced MC, WNPSH, and SAH correspond to a tripole rainfall anomaly with strong mei-yu and baiu fronts over East Asia. The second mode, however, indicates the eastward and northwestward propagation of MC and WNPSH, respectively, with suppressed SAH, as well as a dipole rainfall anomaly over East Asia. Both the observations and numerical simulation verify the importance of daily diabatic heating and SST in maintaining the CISO modes over the WNP, where the condensation heating related to atmospheric forcing determines the local intraseasonal air–sea interaction.
The Remote Effect of Typhoon Megi (2010) on the Heavy Rainfall over Northeastern Taiwan
Authors: Chen Ting-Chen , Wu Chun-Chieh
Published: June 2016

The goal of this work is to improve understanding of the mechanisms leading to a heavy rainfall event under the combined influences of the outer circulation of Typhoon Megi (2010), the Asian monsoon, and the topography of Taiwan. Megi is a case featuring high forecast uncertainty associated with its sudden recurvature, along with remote heavy rainfall over northeastern Taiwan (especially at Yilan) and its adjacent seas during 19–23 October 2010. An ensemble simulation is conducted, and characteristic ensemble members are separated into subgroups based on either track accuracy or rainfall forecast skill. Comparisons between different subgroups are made to investigate favorable processes for precipitation and how the differences between these subgroups affect the rainfall simulation.

Several mechanisms leading to this remote rainfall event are shown. The northward transport of water vapor by Megi’s outer circulation provides a moisture-laden environment over the coastal area of eastern Taiwan. Meanwhile, the outer circulation of Megi (with high [Formula: see text]) encounters the northeasterly monsoon (with low [Formula: see text]), and strong vertical motion is triggered through isentropic lifting in association with low-level frontogenesis over the ocean northeast of Yilan. Most importantly, the northeasterly flow advects the moisture inland to the steep mountains in south-southwestern Yilan, where strong orographic lifting further induces torrential rainfall. In addition, the analyses further attribute the uncertainty in simulating Megi’s remote rainfall to several factors, including variations of storm track, strength and extension of the northeasterly monsoon, and, above all, the impinging angle of the upstream flow on the topography.
Precise Determination of Brillouin Scattering Spectrum Using a Virtually Imaged Phase Array (VIPA) Spectrometer and Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Camera
Authors: Meng Zhaokai , Yakovlev Vladislav V.
Published: June 2016

Brillouin spectroscopy is an emerging tool for microscopic optical imaging as it allows noninvasive assessment of viscoelastic properties of materials. The use of atomic–molecular absorption cells as ultra-narrow notch filters allows acquisition of Brillouin spectra from turbid samples despite their strong elastic scattering. However, such systems alter the shapes of the Brillouin lines, making the precise determination of the Brillouin shift difficult. In this report, we propose a simple method for analyzing the Brillouin spectrum using a customized least-square fitting algorithm. The absorption spectrum induced by the atomic–molecular cell was taken into consideration. The capability of the method is confirmed by processing experimental spectroscopic data from the pure water at different temperatures. The accuracy of the measurements of ±1 MHz spectral line shift is experimentally demonstrated.
Countering the Australian ‘ndrangheta: The criminalisation of mafia behaviour in Australia between national and comparative criminal law
Authors: Sergi Anna
Published: June 2016

Mafia-type criminal groups belonging to, or originated from, the Calabrian ‘ndrangheta from Southern Italy, have been object of recent academic research and media attention in Australia. The Australian ‘ndrangheta, as qualified form of organised crime, poses new challenges for law enforcement in the country. This paper briefly looks at the strategies to fight organised crime in Australia, with specific focus on anti-association laws. By using a comparative approach, the paper will look at the criminalisation of mafias as qualified forms of organised crime in other two jurisdictions, Italy and the USA, to advocate for an effective mafia criminalisation in Australia. In conclusion, this paper will argue that, in order to also fight mafia phenomena, criminal law in Australia should focus on behaviours of organised crime groups rather than only on the criminalisation of proscribed associations and their illegal activities.
Inhabiting the “Resurrectiform” God: Death and Life as Theological Headline in Paul
Authors: Boakye Andrew
Published: June 2016

Scholarly evaluations of how Paul interpreted the ‘Christ event’ within his arguments routinely compartmentalize the crucifixion and the resurrection, placing the weight of emphasis on the former. Whilst never explicitly denying the critical significance of the resurrection, the appraisals of certain commentators often seem to limit the import of the event to a vindication of Jesus’ ministry, in view of its seemingly ignominious climax. The Pauline lexicon of revivification, however, makes the validity of such a stance questionable and opens the possibility that both elements of the Christ event influenced Pauline thought in ways obscured by the tendency to undervalue the implications of Jesus’ resurrection. A consideration of the distribution and functionality of the ‘death and life’ language in the Pauline corpus, illustrates the weightiness which the apostle attaches to the concept of death reversed by life. By applying such an understanding to 2 Corinthians, this paper will consider how readings of Paul might be enhanced by reassessing the impact of death and new life operating in tandem.
Exploring the Relationship Among Posttraumatic Growth, Life Satisfaction, and Happiness Among Korean Individuals With Physical Disabilities
Authors: Kim Junhyoung , Kim May , Park Se-Hyuk
Published: June 2016

A growing body of empirical evidence has demonstrated that individuals who experience traumatic and stressful life events can experience positive psychological changes as a result of their struggles with adversity, stress, and trauma. The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship among five domains (e.g., as relating to others, recognition of new possibilities, a feeling of personal strength, and spiritual change) of posttraumatic growth, happiness, and life satisfaction among Korean individuals with physical disabilities. The results of this study show that three factors (i.e., recognition of new possibilities, experience of spiritual growth, and an appreciation of life) served as predictors of life satisfaction, and two factors (i.e., recognition of new possibilities and personal strength) predicted happiness. This result suggests that certain factors of posttraumatic growth can lead to particular health benefits and influence these benefits to varied extents.
Personality Traits and Successful Aging
Authors: Baek Yousun , Martin Peter , Siegler Ilene C. , Davey Adam , Poon Leonard W.
Published: June 2016

The current study attempted to describe how personality traits of older adults are associated with components of successful aging (cognition, volunteering, activities of daily living, and subjective health). Three-hundred and six octogenarians and centenarians who participated in the third phase of the Georgia Centenarian Study provided data for this study. Factor analysis was conducted to test the existence of two higher-order factors of the Big Five personality traits, and a two-factor model (alpha and beta) fit the data well. Also, blocked multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between personality traits and four components of successful aging. Results indicated that low scores on neuroticism and high scores on extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are significantly related to the components of successful aging. After controlling for demographic variables (age, gender, residential type, and race/ethnicity), alpha (i.e., emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) was associated with higher levels of cognition, higher likelihood of engaging in volunteer work, higher levels of activities of daily living, and higher levels of subjective health. Beta (i.e., extraversion and openness to experience) was also positively associated with cognition and engaging in volunteer work.
Student–parent attitudes toward Filipino migrant teachers in Indonesia
Authors: Lowe John , Lin Xiaodong , Mac an Ghaill Mairtin
Published: June 2016

Using ethnographic data gleaned from a foreign-managed Christian school in Indonesia, this article situates the ethnic prejudices of Indonesian Chinese parents and students toward Filipino teachers within the organizational and cultural politics of private schooling. It is argued that the commoditization of education as a form of market consumption alongside the masculinized international curriculum help shape the feminization of teachers from the Philippines. Catering to the aspirations of the country’s minority ethnic Chinese, privately managed schools actively recruit trained teachers from the Philippines, many of whom are female and are perceived by students and their parents as exhibiting negative symbolic capital. In the process of their employment, they encounter occasional moments of less than complete success and challenges in their jobs. This article situates this prejudice within the cultural politics of masculinized Chinese schooling in Indonesia, while seeking to shed light on the role of Filipino work migrancy in Indonesia’s formal employment sector.
Putting Class in the “Underclass”
Authors: Horan Cynthia
Published: June 2016

For over two decades, Adolph Reed has offered a compelling, contrarian view of urban poverty through his writings on the “underclass.” This article shows the distinctiveness of Reed’s account: his emphasis on the “underclass” as a political classification rather than as an economic or political condition, his focus on relationships among groups rather than on the deficiencies of one group, and his attention to how seemingly anti-poverty constituencies, in fact, reinforce the “underclass” idea.
Can Justice Be Served on Campus?
Authors: Konradi Amanda
Published: June 2016

Campus disciplinary systems are positioned to provide a modicum of justice for victims of sexual violence and deter predatory assaults. Yet, this will occur only if victims find them worthy of use and the broader campus community believes them to be fair to accused and accusing students. This investigation reviews the legal status of various due process and victim protection practices and determines their presence in the student disciplinary policies of four-year residential colleges and universities in Maryland. Findings establish that compliance with the Clery Act is relatively high, while due process and victim protections vary widely. Findings also show that public institutions and those adopting “trial”-like adjudication procedures promise greater due process and victim protections compared to private institutions and those following an inquisitorial model. Policies are recommended to achieve procedural fairness while encouraging victims to report abuse and use campuses systems, along with further avenues for investigation.
Nurses’ Pain Management for Hospitalized Elderly Patients With Postoperative Pain
Authors: Youngcharoen Phichpraorn , Vincent Catherine , Park Chang G. , Corte Colleen , Eisenstein Amy R. , Wilkie Diana J.
Published: June 2016

Using the theory of planned behavior, the study aim was to determine the relationships among nurses’ beliefs, attitudes, perceived norms, perceived behavioral control, intentions, and behavior regarding pain management for hospitalized elderly patients with postoperative pain. A cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 140 nurses working in adult surgical units at three hospitals. Based on path analyses, nurses’ behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, respectively, had direct effects on their attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control regarding pain management. Nurses’ attitudes and perceived norms had direct effects on their pain management intentions. However, nurses’ intentions had no direct effect on their behavior (measured by responses to questions about case study vignettes). This study highlights the need for education that enhances nurses’ perceptions of pain management benefits, the influence of normative referents, and their ability to assess pain and administer pro re nata (PRN) opioid analgesics.
Relationship between Biopsychosocial Factors and Financial Risk Tolerance: An Empirical Study
Authors: Kannadhasan M , Aramvalarthan S , Mitra S K , Goyal Vinay
Published: June 2016

Executive Summary

Financial risk tolerance (FRT) refers to the retail investors’ willingness to accept the negative changes in the value of investment or an outcome that is adversely different from the expected one. Understanding and assessing FRT plays a crucial role in individual choices about wealth accumulation, portfolio allocation, and all other investment and finance-related decisions, and in achieving financial goals. An advisor has to accurately assess FRT for achieving his/her goal or investor’s goal. Failure to do so leads to the choice of an investment option/portfolio which is inconsistent with one’s FRT, resulting in investor disappointment, that is, unbearable loss to the client. Such a situation may adversely affect the client–advisor relationship.

Measuring FRT is challenging as it is a multidimensional attitude. Besides, it is an elusive concept that appears to be influenced by a number of predisposing factors such as demographic, environmental, and psychosocial factors. This study aims to identify the factors that are related to risk tolerance from outside the financial services domain such as psychology, economics, and bio-sociology. It deals most specifically with the relationship between biopsychosocial factors and FRT. Those who are interested in assessing and predicting FRT can move closer to a theoretical account that blends psychological and economic insights and supplements the understanding of risk-taking attitudes and behaviour of retail investors. Such an understanding will help financial advisors, policy makers, and researchers in identifying the determinants of an individual’s FRT to suggest the suitable investment alternatives to their clients.

A single cross-sectional survey was conducted among 951 retail investors with various levels of investment experience through a structured questionnaire covering a variety of demographic factors. An analysis of the data collected through the questionnaire indicates that all the three factors—self-esteem, personality type, and sensation seeking—are positively related to FRT. This study adds to the extant literature on psychological determinants of FRT.
Nineteenth-century White Physical Activity, Calories and Life Expectancy: Nutrition, Sanitation or Medical Intervention?
Authors: Carson Scott Alan
Published: June 2016

Using data from late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century US prisons, this study estimates the basal metabolic rates (BMRs) and calories required to sustain physical dimensions for Americans of European descent. Throughout the nineteenth century, white BMRs and calories declined across their respective distributions, and much of the decrease coincides with economic development. White life expectancy increased at the same time that nutrition decreased, indicating that the most important source of increased life expectancy was not improved nutrition. Physically active farmers had greater BMRs and received more calories per day than workers in other occupations. White diets, nutrition and calories varied by residence, and whites in the rural Deep South consumed the most calories per day, while Northeastern urban whites consumed the least.

JEL: I10, I15, I32, N31
Effects of dopamine agents on a schedule-induced polydipsia procedure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat and in Wistar control rats
Authors: Íbias Javier , Miguéns Miguel , Pellón Ricardo
Published: June 2016

The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been proposed as an animal model for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and typically develops excessive patterns of response under most behavioural protocols. Schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) is the excessive water consumption that occurs as a schedule effect when food is intermittently delivered and animals are partially food- but not water-deprived. SIP has been used as a model of excessive behaviour, and considerable evidence has involved the dopaminergic system in its development and maintenance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the most common psychostimulants used in ADHD treatment on SIP, comparing their effects in SHRs with rats from control populations. SHR, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Wistar rats were submitted to a multiple fixed time (FT) food schedule with two components: 30 s and 90 s. The acute effects of different dopaminergic compounds were evaluated after 40 sessions of SIP acquisition. All animals showed higher adjunctive drinking under FT 30 s than FT 90 s, and SHRs displayed higher asymptotic SIP levels in FT 90 s compared to WKY and Wistar rats. SHRs were less sensitive to dopaminergic agents than control rats in terms of affecting rates of adjunctive drinking. These differences point to an altered dopaminergic system in the SHR and provide new insights into the neurobiological basis of ADHD pharmacological treatments.
BioCartilage Improves Cartilage Repair Compared With Microfracture Alone in an Equine Model of Full-Thickness Cartilage Loss
Authors: Fortier Lisa A. , Chapman Hannah S. , Pownder Sarah L. , Roller Brandon L. , Cross Jessica A. , Cook James L. , Cole Brian J.
Published: June 2016

Background:

Microfracture (MFx) remains a dominant treatment strategy for symptomatic articular cartilage defects. Biologic scaffold adjuncts, such as particulated allograft articular cartilage (BioCartilage) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), offer promise in improving clinical outcomes as an adjunct to MFx.

Purpose:

To evaluate the safety, biocompatibility, and efficacy of BioCartilage and PRP for cartilage repair in a preclinical equine model of full-thickness articular cartilage loss.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Two 10-mm-diameter full-thickness cartilage defects were created in 5 horses in the trochlear ridge of both knees: one proximal (high load) and another distal (low load). Complete blood counts were performed on each peripheral blood and resultant PRP sample. In each horse, one knee received MFx with BioCartilage + PRP, and the other knee received MFx alone. Horses were euthanized at 13 months. Outcomes were assessed with serial arthroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), micro–computed tomography (micro-CT), and histology. Statistics were performed using a mixed-effects model with response variable contrasts.

Results:

No complications occurred. PRP generated in all subjects yielded an increase in platelet fold of 3.8 ± 4.7. Leukocyte concentration decreased in PRP samples by an average fold change of 5 ± 0.1. The overall International Cartilage Repair Society repair score in both the proximal and distal defects was significantly higher (better) in the BioCartilage group compared with MFx (proximal BioCartilage: 7.4 ± 0.51, MFx 4.8 ± 0.1, P = .041; distal BioCartilage: 5.6 ± 0.98, MFx 2.6 ± 1.5, P = .022). BioCartilage-treated proximal defects demonstrated improved histologic scores for repair-host integration (BioCartilage, 96 ± 9; MFx, 68 ± 18; P = .02), base integration (BioCartilage, 100 ± 0; MFx, 70 ± 37; P = .04), and formation of collagen type II (BioCartilage, 82 ± 8; MFx, 58 ± 11; P = .05) compared with the positive control. On MRI, T2 relaxation time was significantly shorter (better) in the superficial region of BioCartilage-treated distal defects compared with MFx ( P = .05). There were no significant differences between BioCartilage and MFx on micro-CT analysis.

Conclusion:

BioCartilage with PRP safely improved cartilage repair compared with MFx alone in an equine model of articular cartilage defects up to 13 months after implantation.

Clinical Relevance:

The 1-year results of BioCartilage + PRP suggest that homologous allograft tissue provides a safe and effective augmentation of traditional MFx.
The Effect of a High Pitch Volume on Musculoskeletal Adaptations in High School Baseball Pitchers
Authors: McHugh Malachy P. , Tyler Timothy F. , Mullaney Michael J. , Mirabella Michael R. , Nicholas Stephen J.
Published: June 2016

Background:

Shoulder range of motion and strength adaptations occur at an early age in baseball pitchers.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pitch volume on in-season and year-to-year range of motion (ROM) and strength adaptations in high school baseball pitchers. The hypothesis was that a high pitch volume will not affect range of motion asymmetries but will impair supraspinatus strength.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Pre- and postseason ROM and strength measures were performed on pitchers from 3 high schools for 4 consecutive seasons, for a total of 95 player-seasons (mean ± SD participant age, 16 ± 1 years). Preseason measures were repeated the next year on players returning to the teams, for a total of 71 consecutive player-seasons. ROM tests included internal-external rotation and posterior shoulder flexibility. Strength tests (hand-held dynamometer) included internal-external rotation, supraspinatus, and scapular retraction. Pitchers were categorized by pitch count for the season (high, >400; moderate, 180-400; low, <180). ROM and strength changes in the dominant versus nondominant arm were assessed by analysis of variance.

Results:

Dominant versus nondominant ROM differences did not change from pre- to postseason ( P = .36-.99) or from one year to the next ( P = .46-.86), with no effect of pitch volume ( P = .23-.87). Supraspinatus strength decreased in the dominant arm during the season, with 13% loss in high-volume pitchers ( P < .001) and insignificant losses in moderate- (6%) and low-volume pitchers (2%). Strength in other tests was unaffected by pitch volume. Consistent with physical development, strength increased bilaterally from one year to the next (supraspinatus, 12%; external rotation, 15%; internal rotation, 14%; scapular retraction, 23%; P < .001). Supraspinatus strength gain in the dominant arm was affected by prior pitch volume ( P = .02): 24% in low-volume pitchers ( P < .01), with no significant change in moderate-volume (0%; P = .99) or high-volume (5%; P = .99) pitchers.

Conclusion:

Dominant versus nondominant ROM differences did not progress during the season, or from one year to the next, and were unaffected by pitch volume. A high pitch volume was associated with in-season supraspinatus weakness and diminished strength gains from one year to the next. In conclusion, a high pitch volume appeared to have a catabolic effect on supraspinatus strength.
Emerging Growth Economies in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Toh Kiertisak
Published: June 2016

The turning point for the recent growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) began in the mid-1990s. It, however, has not been uniform across the region. There are countries that have experienced sustained high growth, rivaling those of rapid-growth, emerging economies in Asia. However, more than one third of the countries in Africa still experience low growth, and their economies remain fragile. The article analyzes patterns of long-run, country-level growth. It identifies a group of SSA’s emerging economies that are associated with strong growth. The empirical evidence suggests that this group of emerging growth economies is different in terms of economic fundamentals and quality of institutions and governance from the nonemerging slow-growth group.
Honneth on work and recognition
Authors: Connolly Julie
Published: June 2016

This paper explores the development of Honneth’s thought on work. It considers how his initial concerns with the embodied experience of labour and the absence of a contemporary and compelling class-specific lexicon with which to explore suffering at work have been surpassed and subordinated by his analysis of the social relations of recognition in civil society, which is distributed according to a contested and contestable achievement principle. I argue that despite the purchase of the criticisms offered by recent rejoinders, they fail to engage with the strength of his analysis: that modern economics contains a normative (recognition) order which works to justify the extant division of labour and income, even if its current formulation supports inequity, exclusion and exploitation. Feminist political economy is an ally in this analysis. The paper explores the points of intersection between these projects, but argues that incorporating feminist insights will require a fundamental revision to Honneth’s account of social rationalization in modernity.
Recognition and democracy – An introduction
Authors: Hirvonen Onni , Laitinen Arto
Published: June 2016

This is an introduction to a special issue on recognition and democracy. We outline the constitutive and enabling relations between democracy and recognition. We distinguish between pre-political and political forms of identity and recognition, between horizontal and vertical forms of recognition, and between democratic and other ways or arranging the vertical and horizontal aspects of political life. We also distinguish between the roles of a subject and a co-author of law. The intruduction also includes an overview of the individual articles in this special issue. The issue tries to fill some theoretical gaps in theories of democracy and recognition, with a special emphasis on feminist politics.
Democratic institutions and recognition of individual identities
Authors: Hirvonen Onni
Published: June 2016

This paper draws from two central intuitions that characterize modern western societies. The first is the normative claim that our identities should be recognized in an authentic way. The second intuition is that our common matters are best organized through democratic decision-making and democratic institutions. It is argued here that while deliberative democracy is a promising candidate for just organization of recognition relationships, it cannot fulfil its promise if recognition is understood either as recognition of ‘authentic’ collective identities or as recognition of too atomistic or individualized subjects. If deliberative democracy is to be understood as successfully providing authentic recognition of individual identities, it requires a specific understanding of how individuals’ recognition needs and desires are collectively and institutionally constituted. Furthermore, it is argued that even if deliberative democracy can provide the necessary circumstances for individual self-realization, it comes with homogenizing tendencies and cannot fully avoid the problems of multiculturalism.
Post-identity politics and the social weightlessness of radical gender theory
Authors: McQueen Paddy
Published: June 2016

This paper examines recent forms of post-identity thought within contemporary gender theory, specifically the works of Rosi Braidotti, Elizabeth Grosz and Bobby Noble. Despite the many insights that these theories offer, I argue that they suffer from what Lois McNay has labelled ‘social weightlessness’ insofar as their models of subjectivity and agency are disconnected from the everyday realities of social subjects. I identify two ways in which this social weightlessness is manifested in radical gender theories that endorse a post-identity politics: (i) they overlook the social and political importance to many individuals of establishing stable, coherent identities; (ii) they are unable to offer a satisfactory account of agency. I suggest that these issues arise, at least in part, from the anti-recognition stance adopted by such radical gender theorists. I argue that by incorporating a properly nuanced model of recognition back into their theories they can imbue their accounts with a properly grounded model of the subject that is responsive to the inequalities and oppressions that infuse the particular concrete contexts in which we experience and live out our identities.
Lithium-free processing of silk fibroin
Authors: Zheng Zhaozhu , Guo Shaozhe , Liu Yawen , Wu Jianbing , Li Gang , Liu Meng , Wang Xiaoqin , Kaplan David
Published: June 2016

Silk fibroin protein was purified from Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons using a novel dialysis strategy to avoid fibroin aggregation and pre-mature formation of β-sheets. The degummed silk fibers were dissolved in Ajisawa’s reagent, a mixture of CaCl2–EtOH–H2O, that is less expensive than lithium bromide. The dissolved solutions were dialyzed against either water or urea solution with a stepwise decrease in concentration. When the steps of 4 M-2 M-1 M-0 M urea (referred to as silk-TS-4210) were adopted, the purified silk fibroin had smaller aggregates (<10 nm), similar average molecular weight (225 kDa) and a lower content of β-sheet (∼15%) compared to the sample processing methods (silk-TS-210, 10, 0) studied here. This outcome was close to the fibroin purified by the lithium bromide (silk-Li-0) method. Polyvinyl alcohol-emulsified silk microspheres generated using the purified solution had a similar size distribution and morphology when compared to lithium bromide dissolved solutions, while glycerol-blended silk films showed different mechanical properties. The silk-Li-0 generated films with the highest breaking strength (5.7 MPa ± 0.3) while the silk-TS-4210 had the highest extension at break (215.1% ± 12.5). The films prepared from silk-TS-4210 were cytocompatible to support the adhesion and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells, with improvements compared to the other samples likely due to the porous morphology of these films.
Rape Myth Acceptance, Efficacy, and Heterosexual Scripts in Men’s Magazines: Factors Associated With Intentions to Sexually Coerce or Intervene
Authors: Hust Stacey J. T. , Rodgers Kathleen Boyce , Ebreo Stephanie , Stefani Whitney
Published: June 2016

Sexual coercion has gained researchers’ attention as an underreported form of sexual abuse or harm. The percentage of male and female college students who reported engaging in sexual coercion was as high as 82% for verbally coercive behaviors over the course of a year. Guided by heterosexual scripting theory and the integrated model of behavioral prediction, we examine potential factors associated with college students’ intentions to sexually coerce or to intervene when friends plan to sexually coerce (bystander intention). Factors included young college students’ beliefs about rape myth acceptance, perceived norms, efficacy to reduce sexual-assault risk, and exposure to men’s and women’s magazines. As predicted, results indicate rape myth acceptance was positively associated with intentions to sexually coerce, and negatively associated with bystander intentions to intervene. Students’ efficacy to reduce sexual-assault risk was negatively associated with intentions to sexually coerce, and positively associated with bystander intentions. Exposure to the heterosexual scripts in men’s magazines, which connect sexual prowess to masculinity, was associated with intentions to sexually coerce. Exposure to magazines was not associated with bystander intentions to intervene. Overall, an understanding of the independent contribution of these factors toward sexual coercion and intervention has implications for dating violence prevention programming.
(A)symmetry of (Non-)memory
Authors: Magierowski Mateusz
Published: June 2016

During the Second World War, the village of Pawłokoma, nowadays located a dozen kilometres from the Polish–Ukrainian border, was an area of conflict between the two nations. It has been almost ten years since a ceremony was held commemorating the victims of the conflict. The ceremony was attended by the Polish and Ukrainian Presidents. Today, the village is a symbol of reconciliation between the two nations. This article analyzes the dynamics of local collective memory about the conflict, using the “working through” concept and works on social remembering as a theoretical framework. In my discussion of the causes and effects of the changes in dynamics, I use data from individual in-depth interviews with three categories of respondents: the inhabitants of Pawłokoma, local leaders, and experts.

The aforementioned ceremony was an opportunity for working through the traumatic past in the local community of Pawłokoma. Although social consultations were held in Pawłokoma rather than a comprehensive working-through process, we should be talking about a symbolic substitute for this process. Despite the fact that material commemorations of the Polish and Ukrainian victims were erected, some factors essential to accomplishing the working-through process were missed, such as complex institutional support, the engagement of younger generations, and empathy towards the “Others” and their sufferings.
Montenegro
Authors: Komar Olivera , Živković Slaven
Published: June 2016

Montenegro is a country in which one of the main features of representative democracy has never developed: government replaceability. After regaining independence and initiating an EU accession process, externally driven changes have stimulated lively institutional transformations which, however, have failed to produce meaningful democratic competition.

This article tries to shed some light on the following phenomenon: how is it possible that in a formally democratic legal framework the ruling (ex-communist) party keeps winning each national election? Apart from providing a contextual analysis, it seeks to describe a rather interesting concept—the image of invincibility which is, together with deep national/ethnic divisions and non-participant political attitudes, believed to be one of the key ingredients of the enigma of the last uninterrupted ex-communist incumbency in the post-communist world.
Neural network-based dynamic model and gust identification system for the jetstream G-NFLA
Authors: Antonakis Aristeidis , Lone Mudassir , Cooke Alastair
Published: June 2016

Artificial neural networks are an established technique for constructing non-linear models of multi-input–multi-output systems based on sets of observations. In terms of aerospace vehicle modeling, however, these are currently restricted to either unmanned applications or simulations, despite the fact that large amounts of flight data are typically recorded and kept for reasons of safety and maintenance. In this paper, a methodology for constructing practical models of aerospace vehicles based on available flight data recordings from the vehicles’ operational use is proposed and applied on the Jetstream G-NFLA aircraft. This includes a data analysis procedure to assess the suitability of the available flight databases and a neural network-based approach for modeling. In this context, a database of recorded landings of the Jetstream G-NFLA, normally kept as part of a routine maintenance procedure, is used to form training datasets for two separate applications. A neural network-based longitudinal dynamic model and gust identification system are constructed and tested against real flight data. Results indicate that in both cases, the resulting models’ predictions achieve a level of accuracy that allows them to be used as a basis for practical real-world applications.
An experimental investigation of the effects of upstream probe disturbance on compressor cascade performance
Authors: Xiang Honghui , Ge Ning , Hou Minjie , Gao Jie , Yang Rongfei
Published: June 2016

An experimental study was conducted in the present study to investigate the effects of upstream probe disturbance on the compressor cascade performance. The experiments were carried out using a plane cascade test facility where the aerodynamic coupling mechanisms between the inner probe and compressor were particularly evaluated in terms of the complex reversed pressure gradient. Moreover, the influence of probe install position near the cascade leading edge on the downstream flow characteristic was evaluated in detail. Results show that the presence of probe at cascade leading edge can reduce the total pressure recovery coefficient, raise the wake loss at cascade outlet and deteriorate the periodicity of conventional cascade flow field distribution. An optimum circumferential installing position at the upstream of the cascade is found with a minimum disturbance, which is not affected by the varying Mach numbers significantly. The probe installed at the intermediate of flow passage has a smaller disturbance on the downstream cascade performance than that installed in front of cascade leading edge.
Homo Politicus meets Homo Ludens: Public participation in serious life science games
Authors: Radchuk Olga , Kerbe Wolfgang , Schmidt Markus
Published: June 2016

Public participation in science and gamification of science are two strong contemporary trends, especially in the area of emerging techno-sciences. Involvement of the public in research-related activities is an integral part of public engagement with science and technologies, which can be successfully achieved through a participatory game design. Focusing on the participatory dimension of educational games, we have reviewed a number of existing participation heuristics in light of their suitability to characterize available mobile and browser science games. We analyzed 87 games with respect to their participatory and motivational elements and demonstrated that the majority of mobile games have only basic participative features. This review of the landscape of participative science games in the domain of life sciences highlights a number of major challenges present in the design of such applications. At the same time, it reveals a number of opportunities to enhance public engagement using science games.
Book Review: Denise Tsang, Entrepreneurial Creativity in a Virtual World
Authors: Shankar Raj K.
Published: June 2016

Denise Tsang, Entrepreneurial Creativity in a Virtual World, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015, 192 pp.
Book Review: Kavil Ramachandran, The 10 Commandments for Family Business
Authors: Shankar Raj K.
Published: June 2016

Kavil Ramachandran, The 10 Commandments for Family Business, New Delhi, India: SAGE Response Books, 2015, 236 pp.
From Real to Reel: Enriching Edutainment through Stories of Positive Deviants
Authors: Anand Sarita , Batra Sunaina
Published: June 2016

Entertainment education has proved its mettle in making health communication effective. The craft of designing informative but non-pedantic messages lies in packaging them in an entertaining manner. This article presents the aspects of positive deviant practices solicited through a research in identifying unique behaviours related to some very personal and familial issues like early pregnancy and adoption of contraception and family planning, safe motherhood and countering the preference for a male child. The identified positive deviant behaviours formed the crux of the substance of the script of an edutainment tele-drama series Main Kuch Bhi Kar Sakti Hoon.
Participatory Training to Improve Safety and Health in Small Construction Sites in Some Countries in Asia
Authors: Kawakami Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2016

A participatory training program, Work Improvement in Small Construction Sites, was developed to provide practical support measures to the small construction sector. Managers and workers from selected small sites were interviewed about their occupational safety and health risks. The Work Improvement in Small Construction Sites training program comprised a 45-item action checklist, photos, and illustrations showing local examples and group work methods. Pilot training workshops were carried out with workers and employers in Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Participants subsequently planned, and using locally available low-cost materials, implemented their own improvements such as hand-made hand trucks to carry heavy materials, removal of projecting nails from timber materials, and fences to protect roof workers from falling. Local Work Improvement in Small Construction Sites trainers consisting of government officials, workers, employers, and nongovernment organization representatives were then trained to implement the Work Improvement in Small Construction Sites training widely. Keys to success were easy-to-apply training tools aiming at immediate, low-cost improvements, and collaboration with various local people’s networks.
The Changed World of Work
Authors: Lund Francie , Naidoo Rajen
Published: June 2016

The majority of workers in the global south, and increasing numbers in the north, work in the informal economy. Most are de facto or de jure excluded from services and regulation of occupational health and safety. Significant recent improvements in classification of status of informal employment have enabled improved labor force data; it has not been matched by progress with data collection on work-related risks, hazards, and health outcomes for informal workers. This special edition describes some of the risks and hazards, but focuses on strategies and interventions—such as taking occupational health and safety services to markets where informal workers operate, legal reforms, and designing appropriate equipment. The diversity of occupations and work places (many in public space) mean that new stakeholders such as local municipalities, informal workers associations and unions, as well as health professionals, need to be considered when striving for a more inclusive occupational health and safety.
The Cultural Competency for Working With Asian American Clients Scale
Authors: Lee Eunyoung
Published: June 2016

Objectives:

Many Asian Americans tend to report receiving lower quality services from direct service providers. Improving the cultural competence of social workers and other professionals who work with Asian Americans may address this dissatisfaction. To date, there are few tools to help educators and supervisors evaluate the level of cultural competence of social workers and other health professionals. This study reports on the development and testing of a cultural competence measure to evaluate social workers’ preparedness for working with Asian American clients.

Method:

Based on a sample of 294 student social workers, the final 29-item instrument is a reliable and valid tool.

Results:

The instrument shows strong content validity according to expert panelists, robust reliability, excellent model fit, and preliminary evidence of construct validity.

Conclusion:

The validated Cultural Competency with Asian American Clients Scale could be used by social work educators in planning courses and assessing student readiness for work with Asian Americans.