bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Wearable Photoplethysmography Sensors for Continuous Heart Rate Monitoring in Telehealth Applications
Authors: Vinatzer Hannah , Rzepka Angelika , Hayn Dieter , Ziegl Andreas , Edegger Kurt , Prescher Sandra , Schreier Günter
Published: May 2022

The demand for extended care for people suffering from heart failure is omnipresent. Wearables providing continuous heart rate measurement through optical sensors are of great interest due to their ease of use without the need for medical staff and their low cost. In this study, seven wearables were tested in fifteen measurement runs, with a duration of fourteen-hour each, and compared to a reference sensor. By calculating the Pearson correlation and the root mean square error, as well as the graphical representation by a Bland Altman plot, it was found that these wearables lack sufficient accuracy and may not be suitable for medical purposes.
TAJAM KE BAWAH TUMPUL KE ATAS
Authors: Amrunsyah Amrunsyah
Published: May 2022

The Criminal Law is part of the national legal system that has been in effect since independence until now. Implementation of criminal law finds ups and downs as the development of society is even a keen spotlight when it has not provided justice and welfare and is still regarded as an instrument of power to protect state officials and become a weapon for the common people when against the state. Implementation of criminal law in Indonesia aims to provide protection, tranquility, order and legal certainty to the community. Although there are objectives that provide protection, especially personal or individual interests in exercising the rights of citizens. While the purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding that the Criminal Law is a chain of legislation applicable in Indonesia and its content is focused on the Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure that reach all levels of society.
TRANSPORT LOGISTICS AS A FACTOR OF SUPPORTING FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Poltava State Agrarian University, Danylenko Viktoria , Borovik Tatiana ,   Poltava State Agrarian University
Published: May 2022

Due to the active development of international cooperation, the issues of optimizing the process of planning and organizing the international delivery of goods and resources to the final consumer, in other words, the need for efficient transport logistics is growing. The purpose of the study is to determine the problems and prospects of transport logistics using in the foreign economic activity of domestic enterprises. Transport is one of the most important sectors of the Ukrainian economy. The share of transport services is quite significant in the structure of foreign trade of services in Ukraine. Exports of transport services in 2020 amount to 4.88 billion dollars, which is 43.7% of total exports of services. Imports – is 1.01 billion dollars (19.5%). Modern conditions of the freight market are characterized by increased competition, reduced profits, increased and emerging new requirements for the quality of services provided. Market conditions are becoming increasingly difficult for logistics and freight forwarding companies. The dynamics of cargo turnover and cargo transportation by types of transport in Ukraine has been studied and the tendency to decrease the volume of cargo turnover in recent years has been revealed. Features of transport and logistics services are considered. It is noted that the transport and logistics support of foreign economic activity should be aimed at: assessing the system of transport and logistics services for compliance with customer requirements, the structure of transport demand, based on market trends; determination of specialized transport and logistics needs, status and dynamics of demand for logistics services; study of the system of organizational and economic interaction of participants of specialized transport and logistics services of cargo transportation of enterprises. Perspective ways of improving domestic transport logistics in the field of foreign economic activity are identified, including: ensuring safe operation of transport; improving the mechanism of sanctions for violating safety rules in transport; improving energy efficiency of vehicles; optimization of multimodal logistics schemes operation; efficient use of logistics infrastructure through improved transportation management, warehousing and information systems.
ФІНАНСОВИЙ МОНІТОРИНГ В УКРАЇНІ ТА НАПРЯМИ ЙОГО ПОКРАЩЕННЯ
Authors: Гнаткович Оксана , Овчиннікова Тетяна , Смолінська Софія
Published: May 2022

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням здійснення фінансового моніторингу та напрямам його покращення в сучасних умовах цифровізації вітчизняної економіки. Проаналізовано діяльність Державної служби фінансового моніторингу України. Акцентовано увагу на динаміці отриманих повідомлень в розрізі ознак фінансового моніторингу протягом останніх років, які отримала Державна служба фінансового моніторингу. З’ясовано, що Національний банк України застосовує заходи впливу до банків та фінансових компаній у випадку неналежної ідентифікації, верифікації і перевірки. Досліджено рівень інформаційного забезпечення діяльності Державної служби фінансового моніторингу України, на основі якого вона базується у своїй роботи. Окреслено напрями впровадження цифровізації в сферу проведення фінансового моніторингу в Україні.
JALUR KHUSUS (PLEA BARGAINING) DALAM HUKUM ACARA PIDANA
Authors: Fratama Rezky Abdi
Published: May 2022

Apart from analyzing, this research aims to know whether the concept of Jalur Khusus (Plea Bargaining) in settlement of criminal cases matches the legality Principle. Moreover, the research aimed to analyze how the legal arrangement of Jalur Khusus (Plea Bargaining) is in criminal procedural law in future. The used research method is normative legal research that focuses on exploring whether the concept of Jalur Khusus (Plea Bargaining) in settlement of criminal cases matches the legality. The second focus is to explore how the legal arrangement of Jalur Khusus (Plea Bargaining) is in criminal procedural law for the future. This research uses the approach of legislation  (Statute Approach), primarily Law No. 8 of 1981 on the Criminal Procedure code, along with all its implementing regulations and other relevant legislation, conceptual approach (Conceptual Approach), especially about the special pathways  (Plea Bargaining), and comparative approach  (Comparative Approach) specifically the arrangement of plea bargaining in other countries such as the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Georgia, Poland and Italy. The research results, namely the Jalur Khusus  (Plea Bargaining) concept in settlement of criminal cases, are not appropriate or contrary to the Legality Principle. The reason is the system of proof, and formal truth will be hindered. According to an article in 3 KUHAP, it is already explicitly mentioned that the judiciary is carried out in the way stipulated in the law a quo. The legal arrangement of the concept of "Jalur Khusus" in the Criminal Procedural Law for the future in accordance with the context of the criminal justice system in Indonesia. Also, following the Principle of simple justice quickly and lightly costs are clarifying the negotiating parties in a special line, things negotiated in a special line, adding regulation of stages in a special path, criminal acts that can use special channels, and the form of agreement and binding power in jalur khusus.
Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen dalam Jual Beli Online dengan Jasa Escrow
Authors: Perdana Arya Putra , Muttaqin Azhar , Arief Sofyan
Published: May 2022

Tujuan peneitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan terhadap konsumen yang menggunakan jasa escrow dalam melakukan transaksi jual beli online dilihat dari hukum positif melalui undang-undang perlindungan konsumen, undang-undang informasi dan transaksi elektronik, peraturan pemerintah tentang penyelenggaraan sistem transaksi elektronik dan undang-undang perdagangan. Sedangkan melalui hukum islam melalui Muamalah, Samsarah, Al-Ba’i, Perikatan Islam dan Khiyar.Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif, serta menggunakan sumber bahan hukum primer berupa Al-Qur’an, Hadis, Fikih, hasil Ijtihad ulama, Undang-Undang Nomor 08 Tahun 1999  tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, Undang - Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 82 Tahun 2012 tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik,  Undang - Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan. Bahan hukum sekunder seperti pendapat ahli hukum, teori, hasil karya dari kalangan hukum, penelusuran internet, artikel ilmiah, jurnal, dan makalah. Sedangkan bahan hukum tersier berupa kamus, ensiklopedia dan sebagainya.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen dalam Praktik Jual Beli Online dengan Jasa Escrow Menurut Hukum   Positif Dan Hukum Islam sudah sangat baik dilakukan oleh toko online penyedia jasa escrow, hal ini berdasarkan isi syarat dan ketentuan dari toko online yang sesuai dengan pasal-pasal yang ada dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 08 Tahun 1999  tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, Undang - Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 82 Tahun 2012 tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik,  Undang - Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan. Namun dari 6 tujuan perlindungan konsumen ada 1 poin yang tidak terpenuhi karena penyedia jasa toko online membuat standart contract untung melepaskan tanggung jawab mengganti kerugian penggunanya. Begitu pula dalam hukum Islam, standart contract tentang pelepasan tanggung jawab tidak sesuai dengan prinsip keadilan dalam muamalah.
Christopher J. Greig, Ontario Boys: Masculinity and the Idea of Boyhood in Postwar Ontario, 1945-1960
Authors: Unknown Author
Published: May 2022

Christopher J. Greig’s new book examines public discourses on boyhood in Ontario during the years following the Second World War. Greig argues that a host of journalists, child-rearing experts, and novelists (among others) used boyhood as a means of rejuvenating patriarchal structures that had been challenged by the decline of the male breadwinner ideal during the Great Depression and the increased participation of women in the workforce during the war. Indeed, if the commentators in Greig’s study are to be believed, the creation of a rugged “boy citizen” who could “promote and protect democracy” was necessary in order to stave off a serious crisis of masculinity (xix).
Régime métropolitain, migrations résidentielles et recompositions sociales: l’hypothèse de l’inversion du modèle de mobilité
Authors: Da Cunha Antonio
Published: May 2022

Phénomène resté assez marginal jusqu’aux années quatre-vingt, la gentrification est devenue, dans certaines villes européennes, un principe de production de l’espace urbain. La ville que désertaient les classes moyennes parce qu’elle était associée à une densité excessive et à des nuisances de toutes sortes redevient ainsi le lieu d’une valorisation immobilière renouvelée, mais aussi d’un entre-soi sélectif, du spectacle et du plaisir répondant aux nouveaux styles d’habiter des nouveaux cadres de l’urbain globalisé. Qu’en est-il en Suisse? L’article présente quelques résultats issus de deux recherches menées à l’échelle du système urbain et de l’agglomération lausannoise. L’observation des dynamiques à l’œuvre ne permet pas de corroborer la thèse du «retour en ville».
La reconversion du quartier Gare/Crêt-Taconnet à Neuchâtel: réflexions sur la densification qualifiée
Authors: Thomann Marianne
Published: May 2022

La reconversion des friches industrielles des secteurs de gare est prometteuse dans l’optique d’un développement urbain dense alternatif à l’étalement. Elles constituent en effet une réserve foncière centrale et bien desservie par les transports publics. La densification de ces terrains stratégiques ne pourra cependant freiner l’étalement urbain qu’à condition d’offrir un cadre de vie attractif pour l’habitat. Notre hypothèse est que l’engagement des pouvoirs publics est déterminant pour assurer cette densification qualifiée.
L’appropriation des temps et des espaces de la grande mobilité à l’ère du numérique
Authors: Vincent-Geslin Stéphanie , Ravalet Emmanuel , Kaufmann Vincent
Published: May 2022

Les technologies de l’information et de la communication se sont généralisées dans la population en quelques années. Elles offrent à leurs détenteurs la possibilité de s’affranchir de la distance pour discuter avec des connaissances, échanger des fichiers de toutes sortes, accéder à des informations diverses et variées, etc. Dans le même temps, la mobilité spatiale se généralise dans nos sociétés et une frange non négligeable de la population se déplace beaucoup, tous les jours ou moins régulièrement, mais sur des distances importantes. Ces personnes, que nous appelons les grands mobiles, doivent s’approprier des espaces variés et des temps de déplacement importants. Quel rôle peuvent jouer alors les T.I.C. pour les y aider ? Est-il indispensable d’être connecté pour bien vivre ses déplacements ?
Les T.I.C, nouvel Eldorado des politiques de régulation de la mobilité? Une analyse du discours d’acteurs de l’innovation dans les transports
Authors: Adoue François
Published: May 2022

Cet article propose une analyse des discours d’acteurs de l’innovation dans les transports. Il montre les différentes « visions » attachées au développement des T.I.C. dans les transports. Nos résultats mettent en relief l’attrait pour les projets à forte composante technologique. Nos systèmes de mobilité seraient perçus comme des marchés perfectibles, où les comportements pourraient être optimisés par l’information en temps réel. L’usager multimodal est alors perçu comme un individu rationnel dans chacun de ses choix de déplacements.
L’habitabilité périurbaine dans les pratiques habitantes: de l’habitabilité restreinte au pavillon à l’habitabilité élargie
Authors: Berger Martine , Poulot Monique , Aragau Claire , Rougé Lionel
Published: May 2022

Cet article analyse, à l’échelle d’un secteur où se superposent diverses strates du processus de périurbanisation, les variations et les modalités de l’habitabilité de ces espaces. Nous étudierons les ressorts du passage d’une habitabilité envisagée d’abord par les périurbains comme essentiellement tournée autour du logement-pavillon vers une approche élargie à l’ensemble du territoire périurbain. Dans un second temps nous proposerons quelques figures composites de cette habitabilité périurbaine contemporaine dans ces espaces périurbains aujourd’hui pluriels
Документи стратегічного (оборонного) планування Міністерства оборони України, Збройних Сил України, інших складових сил оборони та порядок їх реалізації
Authors: Руснак І. С. , Меліхов О. А. , Яковенко А. В. , Романюк І. М.
Published: May 2022

У статті розкриваються питання виконання вимог Закону України «Про національну безпеку України» в поточному циклі оборонного планування. Передусім це стосується опрацювання передпрограмних документів стратегічного планування з огляду на необхідність інтеграції процесів планування розвитку спроможностей Збройних Сил України, інших складових сил оборони та їх застосування в майбутньому, а також у контексті подальшої трансформації сектору безпеки та оборони України для зміцнення обороноздатності держави загалом.
Проблемні питання та перспективи розвитку Військово-Морських Сил Збройних Сил України
Authors: Неїжпапа О. Л. , Тарасов А. А. , Яким’як С. В.
Published: May 2022

В умовах значного розширення обсягів гібридних дій Російської Федерації в Чорному та Азовському морях суттєво зросла важливість ефективного виконання завдань із забезпечення національної безпеки України та міжнародної безпеки в Азовсько-Чорноморському регіоні. У статті на підставі аналізу досвіду ведення бойової діяльності на морі в умовах триваючих гібридних дій визначені принципи сучасної збройної боротьби на морі, наведений перелік основних завдань Військово-Морських Сил Збройних Сил України в сучасних умовах, накреслені основні напрями й заходи розвитку родів сил і військ, зокрема надводних сил, морської авіації, берегових ракетно-артилерійських військ, морської піхоти, та визначений доцільний порядок нарощування спроможностей сил (військ) з урахуванням військової допомоги країн – партнерів України для забезпечення національної безпеки на морі, відсічі та стримування агресивних дій Росії з морських напрямків, забезпечення безпеки в Азовсько-Чорноморському регіоні.
Um hraða málsmeðferð — málsmeðferð innan hæfilegs tíma
Authors: Njálsson Þorgeir
Published: May 2022

Í 1. mgr. 70. gr. stjórnarskrár Íslands felst sjálfstæð regla um að allir skuli almennt eiga rétt á að bera mál sín undir dómstóla og fá þar úrlausn um hagsmuni sína hvort sem er í einkamálum eða sakamálum. Þá miðar ákvæðið að því að ekki verði óréttlætanlegur dráttur á málsmeðferð með því að þar er mælt fyrir um að úrlausn skuli liggja fyrir innan hæfilegs tíma. Sambærilega efnisreglu, sem þó hefur nokkuð þrengra gildissvið, er að finna í 1. mgr. 6. gr. mannréttindasáttmála Evrópu sem hefur lagagildi á Íslandi. Þá hafa réttarfarsreglur að geyma ákvæði um að hraða skuli meðferð mála, sem í tilviki sakamála taka til málsmeðferðar hjá lögreglu, ákæruvaldi og dómstólum. Telst regla um hraða málsmeðferð vera ein af meginreglum íslensks réttarfars. Í fyrri hluta greinarinnar er leitast við að varpa ljósi á inntak meginreglunnar og þá einkum út frá dómaframkvæmd Hæstaréttar og Landsréttar en einnig í ljósi úrlausna á vettvangi MDE og MNE. Reglan hefur mun meiri þýðingu við meðferð sakamála en einkamála. Dómaframkvæmd endurspeglar þetta rækilega og þar með þá áherslu sem er lögð á hraða meðferð sakamála. Á hinn bóginn hefur í nokkrum mæli verið farin sú leið á sviði einkamála að leiða í lög sérstakar reglur um málshraða. Í seinni hluta greinarinnar er fjallað um mögulegar afleiðingar þess ef farið er á svig við meginregluna. Þar ræður ferðinni sú sérstaða sakamála að í tilviki þeirra er brot gegn meginreglunni til þess fallið að hafa beina þýðingu þegar kemur að efnislegri niðurstöðu máls. Í lok greinarinnar er reynt að setja fram viðmið um hæfilegan málsmeðferðartíma sakmála og bent á nokkur atriði sem brýnt er að ráða bót á.
Metassíntese de pesquisas apoiadas na teoria dos registros de representação semiótica
Authors: Ag Almouloud Saddo , Thadeu Moretti Méricles
Published: May 2022

Este artigo de cunho teórico-bibliográfico, tem por objetivo fazer uma metassíntese de oito trabalhos de conclusão de doutorado (sete) e mestrado (um) desenvolvidas na UFSC e na PUC-SP cujo referencial teórico principal é a Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica. As obras escolhidas discutem questionamentos investigativos sobre os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem de alguns objetos matemáticos (geometria, superfícies quádricas, noção de infinitésimo no esboço de curvas, números inteiros relativos, sistema de numeração, resolução de inequações) e um estudo comparativo entre a Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica e a semiótica peirceana. Os resultados oriundos das pesquisas revisitadas revelam os desafios relacionados à escolha de situações que fossem pertinentes à formação dos sujeitos das pesquisas e ao ensino/aprendizagem dos objetos matemáticos escolhidos. Os constructos teóricos pesquisados permitiram aos autores escolher os elementos necessários para modelar os conteúdos matemáticos em jogo nas diferentes pesquisas. Os procedimentos metodológicos empreendidos no desenvolvimento das pesquisas e as triangulações realizadas entre os constructos da Teoria dos Registros de Representação semiótica, entre esta e outras referenciais teóricos, nos parecem ser contribuições importantes para a área, pois permitiram propor métodos de formação e análises dos achados que levaram a produzir novos conhecimentos para a área.
O ensino de termologia por meio de uma atividade lúdica:
Authors: Dornel Alerf de Paula , Matos Lucas Figueiredo , Barros Marconi Frank , Piumbini Cleiton Kenup , Buffon Luiz Otavio
Published: May 2022

Este artigo consiste num relato de experiência realizado durante o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) de um Curso de Licenciatura em Física. A intervenção ocorreu no final do primeiro trimestre de 2019, numa turma de 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma Escola pública estadual. A metodologia adotada foi uma atividade lúdica, na forma de um jogo denominado Autódromo, com o objetivo de revisar o conteúdo de Termologia. Durante a aplicação constatamos a motivação e o engajamento dos alunos proporcionados pela atividade lúdica e também a importância de se propor atividades relacionadas a parte mais conceitual e contextualizada da Física. Acreditamos, que a intervenção conseguiu reduzir o grau de rejeição dos alunos para com a disciplina de Física, indicando possível melhora do aprendizado.
Aulas práticas no ensino de botânica para a formação inicial de professores de ciências da natureza
Authors: Cavalcante Izamara Coelho , Pereira Anna Flora de Novaes , Morais Carina Siqueira de
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estruturar aulas práticas para o Ensino de Botânica, visando colaborar com o aprofundamento científico de licenciandos em Ciências acerca do conteúdo “diversidade vegetal”. A pesquisa se enquadra como qualitativa do tipo descritiva, na qual foram estruturadas e analisadas duas aulas práticas para licenciandos em Ciências da Natureza da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - Univasf, campus Serra da Capivara. A primeira aula prática foi sobre Briófitas e a segunda sobre Pteridófitas, tais aulas tinham a finalidade de detalhar as estruturas morfológicas, o ciclo de vida e a importância ecológica de cada grupo estudado. A análise dos dados se deu por meio da percepção desses sujeitos a partir de questionários, tendo em vista as seguintes categorias: Recursos e Aplicação; Objetivo; Expectativas e Extrapolação. Logo, as percepções desses licenciandos nos ajudaram a entender o quanto aulas práticas podem incentivar o ensino mais dinâmico e interessante da Botânica.
Alfabetização científico-tecnológica no currículo de ciências dos anos iniciais:
Authors: Kleszta Sandra Fabiane , Santos Rosemar Ayres dos
Published: May 2022

A sociedade tem sofrido cada vez mais rápidas transformações, isso repercute na escola.  Objetivamos (re)conhecer os desafios e as possibilidades de ensino para a promoção da Alfabetização Científico-tecnológica no Ensino de Ciências para os Anos Iniciais a partir da aproximação dos pressupostos de Freire e o enfoque CTS. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, cujo corpus de análise foi composto por teses e dissertações do repositório do IBICT. A partir da análise emergiram quatro categorias: desafios para a configuração curricular sob a perspectiva de Freire e CTS; Práticas educativas com abordagem CTS presentes no Currículo; Aproximações entre enfoque Freire e CTS: auxiliando os educadores dos Anos Iniciais a melhor compreender o Ensino de Ciências; ECT e a ACT: importância para o Ensino de Ciências nos Anos Iniciais. Sinalizamos a necessidade de mudança na formação dos educadores, através de formação continuada, para que ampliem seus conhecimentos acerca de um currículo mais emancipatório.
Prolonged low-salt immersion effectively controls Flavobacterium columnare infection in Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii
Authors: Zhang Z , Hao S , Bai X , You H , Wu Y , Feng S , Zhang L , Luo Z
Published: May 2022

A disease outbreak occurred in Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii in a recirculating aquaculture farm in Tianjin city, China, in 2019. Strain MRX-2019 was isolated and considered to be the etiological pathogen; it was identified as Flavobacterium columnare based on a 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis and physiological and biochemical tests. The effect of salinity on the growth of MRX-2019 was investigated in vitro. Salinity >4‰ (i.e. 6‰) inhibited MRX-2019 growth, whereas 8 and 10‰ salinity killed it. The effect of 4‰ salinity on F. columnare was not significant (p > 0.05). When MRX-2019-infected Murray cod were treated with 4, 6, or 8‰ salinity, the mortality rate was reduced by 8.9, 67.76, or 75.56%, respectively, compared with that of the control. However, the mortality rate increased by 7.77% at 10‰ salinity. In this study, we found that maintaining the fish in freshwater with 6-8‰ salinity effectively reduced the mortality of these fish when infected with F. columnare. The findings provide an environmentally friendly control strategy for columnaris disease in Murray cod.
Population dynamics and reproduction of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans in Jiaozhou Bay, China
Authors: Zhang Y , Song S , Chen T , Sun X , Li C
Published: May 2022

Outbreaks of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans have impacted the Chinese coastal ecosystem for decades; however, which and how environmental factors affect its reproductive pattern and further influence its population dynamics remain to be investigated. From January 2019 to January 2020, 9 cruises were conducted at 12 stations in Jiaozhou Bay, China. The different life stages of N. scintillans were distinguished and quantified with the assistance of microscopic observation and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). N. scintillans was seasonally abundant in winter-spring and September, but depleted in summer and October. The asexual reproduction of N. scintillans, which appeared as binary fission, mainly occurred in colder water (<11°C), and could be the major mode of reproduction driving population growth in March-April. In September, even though the asexual mode is by this time restricted by high water temperatures (>26°C), N. scintillans blooms still occurred with the assistance of sexual reproduction and the potential coupling effect of a favorable food source and physical environment, in which chain-forming diatoms were dominant in the phytoplankton community and gametes could be accumulated by continuous mild southeast winds and rainless weather. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the life cycle of N. scintillans in natural seawaters and provides valuable information to assess the variation in the abundance of gametes.
Intellectual and Practical Education and its Patronage in the Northern Highlands in the Century after the Reformation, Part Two
Authors: Brochard Thomas
Published: May 2022

The first part of the article looked at schools and showed that a number of northern Highlanders, including from the lower tier of society, fully embraced the educational opportunities presented to them by the Crown. The second part uncovers the intellectual training of northern Highland women in a quite original and ground-breaking way. Then, access to university is explored to gauge numbers as well as social, geographical and kinship factors. Although not a common feature of the Scottish historiography of early-modern education, the role of apprenticeship was part and parcel of the formation of the youth at the time, including in the Highlands. Finally, by focusing on studies abroad undertaken by a number of northern Highlanders and the northern Highland patronage of education, it gives an insight into the importance granted by the local elite to education and participated in their integration into the wider Scottish and British society. It was these communities’ resources and their educational patronage that supported the whole system, which can only translate in a State formation of the collaborative type in terms of education, seen with its combination of ‘imperial’ features, with its impetus from the centre, and collaborative ones, with the cooperation of local society.
The Congested Districts Board and the Isleornsay Pier, Isle of Skye, 1899–1906
Authors: MacGillivray Neil
Published: May 2022

The development in the late eighteenth century of a successful herring fishing and curing industry based on Isleornsay on the Isle of Skye and its ultimate collapse one hundred years later is analysed. The start of this commercial venture coincided with the end of the tacksman system and the formation of crofts in the townships close by. The failure of the port is examined, focusing on a local petition for a grant from the Congested Districts Board to construct a deep-water pier to replace the inefficient tidal pier which dated from circa 1805.The petition is viewed in the context of the proposal to build a Light Railway from Isleornsay to Uig and Portree, thence by boat to the Outer Isles, a proposal that was little more than a pipe dream. The railway extensions to Kyle and Mallaig, both constructed to convey fish to the south and supported by Government funding, were expected to bring increased prosperity to the fishermen of the nearby localities but had a calamitous effect on the port of Isleornsay: local fishermen took their catches directly to the railhead and then the arrival of fish curers and trawlers from the East Coast, eager to profit from the new facilities, completed the ruin of a once profitable economy.
Evaluation of Erzurumlu Ibrahim Hakkı's Views on Human Nature
Authors: YILDIRIM Ali , AKKUŞ Kürşat
Published: May 2022

Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı, who has produced works in different fields, wrote the work called Mârifetnâme, which made significant contributions to the awareness of the public on moral issues. İbrahim Hakkı evaluated moral sanction in the context of the Qur'an and Sunnah and wrote his work in a way that would guide the society's virtuous life intentions. When we look at the subjects of the work, it is noticed that the effect of religious tradition and culture on the development of moral thought is emphasized and it is written in a way that basically supports the inseparability of morality and religion. On the other hand, it is seen that his views on morality shed light on the practical side of the issue rather than the theoretical side, and his views are more suitable for moral theories based on religion. This article focuses on Erzurumlu's approach that tries to recognize and explain human nature, especially through temperament. According to him, temperament can give practical benefits about human nature and it is possible to benefit from it in the regulation of social relations.
Analyzing ELIT200 Critical Reading And Writing Course: How Is Critical Thinking Developed And Applied Through Critical Reading And Writing?
Authors: Lagumdžija Emina , Eminović-Ljevo Anisa
Published: May 2022

We believe that our required university course ELIT200 Critical Reading and Writing, which is taught and presented in English – the official language of IUS, helps to develop our students’ critical thinking/reading/writing skills which seem to be underdeveloped due to their previous education experiences at the primary and secondary level. This is a freshman course thus the techniques used are supposed to develop their skills and enable them to critically and analytically examine all audio-visual-reading materials that they come across during their university studies. Furthermore, upon completing our university course, they are equipped to write proper argumentative essays as well as engage in academic debates and discussions on current topics most of which are quite controversial (discrimination, the impacts of social media, artificial intelligence, to name a few). The assessment is also organized and planned in a way that it supports and evaluates the improvement of their critical thinking skills (reading assignments, video assignments, writing an argumentative essay, preparing a speech/presentation as well as summative assessment components such as one mid-term exam and one final exam).
Changes in Elastic Moduli of Fibrin Hydrogels Within the Myogenic Range Alter Behavior of Murine C2C12 and Human C25 Myoblasts Differently
Authors: Tomasch Janine , Maleiner Babette , Heher Philipp , Rufin Manuel , Andriotis Orestis G. , Thurner Philipp J. , Redl Heinz , Fuchs Christiane , Teuschl-Woller Andreas H.
Published: May 2022

Fibrin hydrogels have proven highly suitable scaffold materials for skeletal muscle tissue engineering in the past. Certain parameters of those types of scaffolds, however, greatly affect cellular mechanobiology and therefore the myogenic outcome. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of apparent elastic properties of fibrin scaffolds in 2D and 3D on myoblasts and evaluate if those effects differ between murine and human cells. Therefore, myoblasts were cultured on fibrin-coated multiwell plates (“2D”) or embedded in fibrin hydrogels (“3D”) with different elastic moduli. Firstly, we established an almost linear correlation between hydrogels’ fibrinogen concentrations and apparent elastic moduli in the range of 7.5 mg/ml to 30 mg/ml fibrinogen (corresponds to a range of 7.7–30.9 kPa). The effects of fibrin hydrogel elastic modulus on myoblast proliferation changed depending on culture type (2D vs 3D) with an inhibitory effect at higher fibrinogen concentrations in 3D gels and vice versa in 2D. The opposite effect was evident in differentiating myoblasts as shown by gene expression analysis of myogenesis marker genes and altered myotube morphology. Furthermore, culture in a 3D environment slowed down proliferation compared to 2D, with a significantly more pronounced effect on human myoblasts. Differentiation potential was also substantially impaired upon incorporation into 3D gels in human, but not in murine, myoblasts. With this study, we gained further insight in the influence of apparent elastic modulus and culture type on cellular behavior and myogenic outcome of skeletal muscle tissue engineering approaches. Furthermore, the results highlight the need to adapt parameters of 3D culture setups established for murine cells when applied to human cells.
Mg-, Zn-, and Fe-Based Alloys With Antibacterial Properties as Orthopedic Implant Materials
Authors: Wang Ning , Ma Yutong , Shi Huixin , Song Yiping , Guo Shu , Yang Shude
Published: May 2022

Implant-associated infection (IAI) is one of the major challenges in orthopedic surgery. The development of implants with inherent antibacterial properties is an effective strategy to resolve this issue. In recent years, biodegradable alloy materials have received considerable attention because of their superior comprehensive performance in the field of orthopedic implants. Studies on biodegradable alloy orthopedic implants with antibacterial properties have gradually increased. This review summarizes the recent advances in biodegradable magnesium- (Mg-), iron- (Fe-), and zinc- (Zn-) based alloys with antibacterial properties as orthopedic implant materials. The antibacterial mechanisms of these alloy materials are also outlined, thus providing more basis and insights on the design and application of biodegradable alloys with antibacterial properties as orthopedic implants.
Recent Advances in Aptasensors For Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Chen Wei , Lai Qingteng , Zhang Yanke , Liu Zhengchun
Published: May 2022

The infection of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and the spread of drug-resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to global public health. Therefore, timely, rapid and accurate detection of S. aureus is of great significance for food safety, environmental monitoring, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and prevention of drug-resistant bacteria dissemination. Traditional S. aureus detection methods such as culture identification, ELISA, PCR, MALDI-TOF-MS and sequencing, etc., have good sensitivity and specificity, but they are complex to operate, requiring professionals and expensive and complex machines. Therefore, it is still challenging to develop a fast, simple, low-cost, specific and sensitive S. aureus detection method. Recent studies have demonstrated that fast, specific, low-cost, low sample volume, automated, and portable aptasensors have been widely used for S. aureus detection and have been proposed as the most attractive alternatives to their traditional detection methods. In this review, recent advances of aptasensors based on different transducer (optical and electrochemical) for S. aureus detection have been discussed in details. Furthermore, the applications of aptasensors in point-of-care testing (POCT) have also been discussed. More and more aptasensors are combined with nanomaterials as efficient transducers and amplifiers, which appears to be the development trend in aptasensors. Finally, some significant challenges for the development and application of aptasensors are outlined.
Emerging Role of Mechanical Forces in Cell Fate Acquisition
Authors: Alvarez Yanina , Smutny Michael
Published: May 2022

Mechanical forces are now recognized as key cellular effectors that together with genetic and cellular signals physically shape and pattern tissues and organs during development. Increasing efforts are aimed toward understanding the less explored role of mechanical forces in controlling cell fate decisions in embryonic development. Here we discuss recent examples of how differential forces feedback into cell fate specification and tissue patterning. In particular, we focus on the role of actomyosin-contractile force generation and transduction in affecting tissue morphogenesis and cell fate regulation in the embryo.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 ORF8 Protein Inhibits Type I Interferon Production by Targeting HSP90B1 Signaling
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Lu Zixin , Yang Xiuwen , Zhou Yezhen , Gao Jing , Zhang Shihao , Huang Shan , Cai Jintai , Yu Jianhai , Zhao Wei , Zhang Bao
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global pandemic that has currently infected over 430 million individuals worldwide. With the variant strains of SARS-CoV-2 emerging, a region of high mutation rates in ORF8 was identified during the early pandemic, which resulted in a mutation from leucine (L) to serine (S) at amino acid 84. A typical feature of ORF8 is the immune evasion by suppressing interferon response; however, the mechanisms by which the two variants of ORF8 antagonize the type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway have not yet been clearly investigated. Here, we reported that SARS-CoV-2 ORF8L and ORF8S with no difference inhibit the production of IFN-β, MDA5, RIG-I, ISG15, ISG56, IRF3, and other IFN-related genes induced by poly(I:C). In addition, both ORF8L and ORF8S proteins were found to suppress the nuclear translocation of IRF3. Mechanistically, the SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein interacts with HSP90B1, which was later investigated to induce the production of IFN-β and IRF3. Taken together, these results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 antagonizes the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway by targeting HSP90B1, which subsequently exhibits an inhibitory effect on the production of IFN-I. These functions appeared not to be influenced by the genotypes of ORF8L and ORF8S. Our study provides an explanation for the antiviral immune suppression of SARS-CoV-2 and suggests implications for the pathogenic mechanism and treatment of COVID-19.
An Inter-University CBL Course and Its Reception by the Student Body: Reflections and Lessons Learned (in Times of COVID-19)
Authors: De Stefani Paolo , Han Ling
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent restrictive measures adopted by the countries have significantly reduced the capacity of higher education institutions to carry out innovative international teaching and learning activities. This paper provides a short reconstruction of how the seven European universities, members of the Arqus Alliance, handled this challenge. During 2020–21, that is, in full pandemic, the Arqus partners redesigned and implemented a trans-European challenge-based learning (CBL) project involving university students from many disciplinary fields, including social sciences and natural sciences, focused on climate change-related risks in European cities and areas. Based on this experience, a contingent conceptualization of CBL is proposed, comprising eight characteristics, whose effectiveness is then tested against data provided by students who participated in the courses. In this context, the results of a Likert questionnaire distributed to students from participating universities will be discussed. The analysis is meant to provide a deeper understanding of CBL not only as a pedagogical tool for a specific output, but also as a broader learning experience generating outcomes for teachers who plan and deliver CBL activities, and for the beneficiaries of such activities. In other words, the article aims to highlight some enabling and inhibiting factors of “strategic CBL”—this latter expression is supposed to capture the process of designing and implementing a CBL activity as a CBL practice in itself.
Lower Circulating Leptin Levels Are Related to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children With Obesity
Authors: Brandt Stephanie , von Schnurbein Julia , Denzer Christian , Kratzer Wolfgang , Wabitsch Martin
Published: May 2022

Background

While for individuals with obesity an association between hyperleptinemia and an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is assumed, a leptin deficiency is also related to the development of NAFLD early in life in ob/ob mice, in patients with leptin deficiency due to biallelic likely pathogenic variants in the leptin gene, and in patients with lipodystrophy.

Objectives

To investigate the association of circulating leptin levels in pre-pubertal children with obesity and steatosis hepatis.

Methods

The cross-sectional study consisted data of n=97 (nmale=76) pre-pubertal children (11.8 ± 1.5 years) with obesity (BMIz: 2.4 ± 0.4). Fasting concentrations of cardiometabolic parameters were measured: insulin, c-peptide, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, AST, ALT, GGT, leptin. Steatosis hepatis was diagnosed by an ultrasound examination (mild, moderate or severe). Patients were categorized into two groups: low z-score of circulating leptin levels (≤25th percentile) vs. normal z-score of circulating leptin levels.

Results

One-third of the children with obesity were diagnosed with steatosis hepatis (I°: 63.6%, II°/III°: 36.4%). Children with steatosis hepatis had significantly lower z-scores of circulating leptin levels compared to children with an unremarkable liver ultrasonography (-2.1 ± 0.8 vs. -0.7 ± 0.6). Z-scores of circulating leptin levels correlate negatively with degree of steatosis hepatis. Children with low z-scores of circulating leptin levels had significantly higher triglyceride, fasting insulin and c-peptide levels compared to children with normal z-scores of circulating leptin levels.

Conclusion

Prepubertal children with NAFLD and obesity and partial leptin deficiency might be defined as a clinical subgroup.
Improved System Frequency Regulation Capability of a Battery Energy Storage System
Authors: Huang Jiejie , Yang Dejian
Published: May 2022

As a large scale of renewable energy generation including wind energy generation is integrated into a power system, the system frequency stability becomes a challenge. The battery energy storage system (BESS) is a better option for enhancing the system frequency stability. This research suggests an improved frequency regulation scheme of the BESS to suppress the maximum frequency deviation and improve the maximum rate of change of the system frequency and the system frequency of the steady state. To this end, the droop control with the input of the system frequency excursions is employed into the controller of the BESS. To improve the frequency-supporting capability and prevent the over-discharging phenomenon, the control coefficient is defined as a proportional function of the instantaneous state of charge of the BESS and excursions of the system frequency. The contributions of the proposed frequency regulation scheme are investigated with various wind power penetration level conditions and disturbances. Results clearly indicate that the proposed frequency regulation scheme of the BESS is able to achieve objectives in terms of enhancing the maximum frequency excursion, the system frequency of the steady state, and the rate of change of the system frequency under various wind power penetration level conditions, initial SOCs, and disturbances.
Measurement and Convergence Test of Green Economic Efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt Under Different Spatial Network Correlation
Authors: Liu Shuguang , Song Lei , Huang Yue
Published: May 2022

The green and coordinated development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is of great significance to the overall high-quality growth of the Chinese economy. Targeting green developmental issues and regional disparities in the YREB, this article proposes a method that combines the Super-EBM and Malmquist–Luenberger indexes to measure the green economic efficiency (GEE) of 108 cities from 2003 to 2018. Moreover, we adopted the dynamic spatial Durbin panel model to conduct a convergence test including economic linkage, capital liquidity, talent mobility, and information sharing. The outcomes pointed out that 1) the green economy shows a volatile growing trend, and technological progress is the main source of the YREB’s GEE; 2) we have noticed the formation of spatial differentiation in the three basins, especially in the central areas of big cities such as Shanghai, Hangzhou, Wuhan, and Chongqing; 3) the GEE follows a global β-convergence trend that narrows the gap in green economic efficiency. More specifically, the downstream (11.48%) has the fastest convergence rate, followed by the midstream (8.09%) and upstream (7.97%); 4) capital liquidity, governance, and economic openness contribute a lot to maintaining the convergence trend. The primary contributions of this study are the policy recommendations to promote green development and narrow the gap in the YREB to ultimately achieve effective coordinated development.
Nexus Between Environmental Innovation, Energy Efficiency, and Environmental Sustainability in G7: What is the Role of Institutional Quality?
Authors: JinRu Long , Qamruzzaman Md
Published: May 2022

The motivation of this study is to evaluate the role of environmental innovation, energy efficiency, and institutional quality in achieving sustainable environmental improvement in the G7 economy for the period 1980–2020. The study has implemented several econometrical tools for gauging their empirical association, including cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and directional causality with Dumitrescu-Hurlin. Study findings with cross-sectionally dependency test revealed that variables are sharing common dynamics, while the panel test of stationary documented all the variables were stationary after the first difference. Furthermore, the panel counteraction test established a long-run association among research variables. The variables coefficients with CS-ARDL revealed that renewable energy integration and environmental innovation expedite the scope of sustainability in the G7 economy in the long run. Furthermore, institutional quality assists in augmenting the process of ecological balance, that is, efficient institutional presence inductees affecting environmental policies implementation. Directional causality documented feedback hypothesis between renewable energy and environmental sustainability, environmental innovation and environmental sustainability. Moreover, the unidirectional causality was revealed between institutional quality and environmental sustainability. By considering the findings, a study has advocated that considerable time and efforts have to invest in formulating environmental policies to encourage clean energy integration for ensuring environmental quality and promoting environmental innovation.