bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large intestinal ganglioneuromatosis in a juvenile Arabian filly: Management and long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Hoerdemann Mona , Ait Nasr Imane , Westermann Thomas , Champion Chris P.
Published: May 2023

An 11‐month‐old Arabian filly was presented for chronic diarrhoea, ill‐thrift and intermittent colic. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed multifocal regions of marked colonic wall thickening. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed multifocal, multi‐sized nodular and segmental intramural mass‐like lesions affecting the right ventral and transverse colon, respectively. Locally extensive regions of mural thickening in the aborad transverse colon resulted in severe luminal restriction (<2.5 cm) and subsequent obstruction of the orad transverse and right dorsal colons with impacted feed material. The lesions were unresectable and full‐thickness biopsy samples were submitted for histopathological evaluation. The filly was subsequently diagnosed with transmural intestinal ganglioneuromatosis of the right ventral and transverse colons. The filly was successfully conservatively managed over a 24‐month follow‐up duration. Management consisted of long‐term dietary modifications in the form of a low‐bulk diet, as well as enteral laxatives and a tapering course of corticosteroids postoperatively. This is the first case of intestinal ganglioneuromatosis in veterinary literature that was (1) diagnosed in a juvenile horse, (2) successfully medically managed and (3) followed up for more than 12 months.
New insights into the structure and function of CNNM proteins
Authors: Chen Yu Seby , Gehring Kalle
Published: May 2023

Magnesium (Mg2+) is the most abundant divalent cation in cells and plays key roles in almost all biological processes. CBS‐pair domain divalent metal cation transport mediators (CNNMs) are a newly characterized class of Mg2+ transporters present throughout biology. Originally discovered in bacteria, there are four CNNM proteins in humans, which are involved in divalent cation transport, genetic diseases, and cancer. Eukaryotic CNNMs are composed of four domains: an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, a cystathionine‐β‐synthase (CBS)‐pair domain, and a cyclic nucleotide‐binding homology domain. The transmembrane and CBS‐pair core are the defining features of CNNM proteins with over 20 000 protein sequences known from over 8000 species. Here, we review the structural and functional studies of eukaryotic and prokaryotic CNNMs that underlie our understanding of their regulation and mechanism of ion transport. Recent structures of prokaryotic CNNMs confirm the transmembrane domain mediates ion transport with the CBS‐pair domain likely playing a regulatory role through binding divalent cations. Studies of mammalian CNNMs have identified new binding partners. These advances are driving progress in understanding this deeply conserved and widespread family of ion transporters.
Price interconnection of fuel and food markets: Evidence from biodiesel in the United States
Authors: Tanaka Tetsuji , Guo Jin , Wang Xiufang
Published: May 2023

The food versus fuel issue has attracted considerable attention with the rapid growth of global biofuel production. The previous literature examining the interconnectedness between biofuel, fossil fuel and agricultural markets employed futures and spot prices. However, food security needs to be discussed with non‐financial market prices, such as wholesale prices, since retail companies and households usually do not purchase products directly from financial markets, which encompass speculative activities, making them more volatile than non‐financial ones. This paper focuses on non‐financial markets in the United States to investigate the price‐interconnection of biodiesel, highway diesel, crude oil, and soybean, initially applying partial wavelet coherence and the Diebold‐Yilmaz connectedness index to price transmission research on biodiesel, highway diesel, crude oil, and soybean. Our main results are as follows: First, significant coherence between biodiesel and soybean, biodiesel and highway diesel, and highway diesel and crude oil is identified in the short and long term. Second, crude oil and biodiesel prices are found to be net transmitters, while soybean and highway diesel prices are net receivers. Finally, the crude oil market is identified as the source of spillovers among the four markets, and strongly influences the highway diesel market.
Pathological overview of steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma in a surgical series
Authors: Trapani Loïc , Beaufrère Aurélie , Hobeika Christian , Codjia Tatiana , Albuquerque Miguel , Bouattour Mohamed , Lesurtel Mickael , Cauchy François , Paradis Valérie
Published: May 2023

Aims

According to the last WHO classification, steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma (SH‐HCC) is recognized as a distinct HCC subtype, even though a consensual definition is still lacking. The objectives of the study were to carefully describe the morphological features of SH‐HCC and evaluate its impact on prognosis.

Methods and results

We conducted a single‐centre retrospective study including 297 surgically resected HCC. Pathological features including SH criteria (steatosis, ballooning, Mallory–Denk bodies, fibrosis, and inflammation) were assessed. SH‐HCC was defined by the presence of at least four of the five SH criteria and the SH component represented >50% of the tumour area. According to this definition, 39 (13%) HCC cases corresponded to SH‐HCC and 30 cases (10%) corresponded to HCC with an SH component (<50%). SH criteria in SH‐HCC and non–SH‐HCC were distributed as follows: ballooning (100% versus 11%), fibrosis (100% versus 81%), inflammation (100% versus 67%), steatosis (92% versus 8%), and Mallory–Denk bodies (74% versus 3%). Inflammation markers (c‐reactive protein [CRP] and serum amyloid A [SAA]) were significantly more expressed in SH‐HCC compared to non–SH‐HCC (82% versus 14%, P = <0.001). Five‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and 5‐year overall survival (OS) were similar for SH‐HCC and non–SH‐HCC (P = 0.413 and P = 0.866, respectively). The percentage of SH component does not impact OS and RFS.

Conclusion

We confirm in a large cohort the relatively high prevalence (13%) of SH‐HCC. Ballooning is the most specific criteria for this subtype. The percentage of the SH component does not impact prognosis.
Trends in butterfly populations in UK gardens—New evidence from citizen science monitoring
Authors: Plummer Kate E. , Dadam Daria , Brereton Tom , Dennis Emily B. , Massimino Dario , Risely Kate , Siriwardena Gavin M. , Toms Mike P.
Published: May 2023

Private gardens are recognised as potentially important refugia for butterflies. Yet little is known about how gardens might be contributing to butterfly conservation, as their restricted accessibility has meant that garden habitats are not well‐represented in traditional monitoring schemes.

Garden BirdWatch (GBW) is the UK's largest structured bird survey, comprising over 25 years of weekly bird counts from more than 14,000 gardens, predominantly occupying suburban and rural locations. Since 2007, a subset of GBW participants have additionally recorded the weekly abundances of butterflies. Using data for 14 seasons (2007–2020) from 7971 gardens with consistent butterfly monitoring, we present the first garden‐specific, national trends for 22 widespread butterfly species (37% of all UK butterflies).

Half of the species investigated increased significantly in abundance in gardens between 2007 and 2020. Conversely, only one species, Wall (Lasiommata megera), showed a marginal reduction, though this change was not statistically significant.

A strong, positive association between these new, habitat‐focused trends and those for UK butterflies more broadly, previously reported by the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS), indicates that patterns of abundance in gardens are largely a reflection of the changes that are occurring nationally. However, butterflies do appear to be faring better in gardens compared to the wider landscape. Averaging trends across non‐migratory species revealed that GBW recorded significantly greater increases over time than UKBMS.

Effective monitoring of butterflies in gardens can produce reliable and informative population trends, and it provides important evidence of the significant role gardens play in sustaining butterfly populations.
HIGHWAYS AND GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Jaworski Taylor , Kitchens Carl , Nigai Sergey
Published: May 2023

This article quantifies the value of U.S. highways. We develop a multisector general equilibrium model with many locations in the United States (i.e., counties) and many countries. In the model, producers choose shipping routes subject to domestic and international trade costs, endogenous congestion, and port efficiency at international transshipment points. Applying the model, we find that removing the Interstate Highway System reduces real GDP by $421–$578 billion. The results highlight the gains from intersectoral and international trade as well as the role of domestic transportation infrastructure in shaping regional comparative advantage.
‘Tu Souffres, Cela Suffit’: Louis Pasteur's (1822–1895) inspirational motto for Sydney's St George Hospital
Authors: Toodayan Nadeem , Toodayan Zaheer , Sablatura‐Nagy Marika
Published: May 2023

In the fiscal year of 1960–1961, board members of Sydney's St George Hospital elected to adopt a new motto for the organisation: ‘Tu souffres, cela suffit’ – French for ‘You are suffering, that is enough’. Today these words are all too familiar to staff members and visitors to St George Hospital, but few are aware of their actual historical significance. Accessible histories of the hospital attribute the motto to the distinguished French microbiologist Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), but the original context of Pasteur's remark is not commonly stated. We set out to record the exact source and history of the hospital's motto alongside its logo, referencing in passing, Louis Pasteur's outstanding legacy to Australian medicine in this bicentenary year of his birth.
Lattice rigidity in high‐entropy carbide ceramics with carbon vacancies
Authors: Liu Ji‐Xuan , Guo Liwei , Wu Yue , Qin Yuan , Liang Yongcheng , Zhang Guo‐Jun
Published: May 2023

Due to the presence of core effects of high‐entropy materials, it is believed that the impact of carbon vacancy in high‐entropy carbides may differ from that of transition metal monocarbides. In this work, nonstoichiometric high‐entropy carbides (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C1−x (HEC1−x) with variable carbon vacancy concentration were fabricated by spark plasma sintering using powder mixtures of high‐entropy carbide and metallic powders. Compared with the corresponding monocarbides, the decline rates of lattice constant and elastic modulus were obviously slower as carbon vacancy concentration increased, indicating a more rigid crystalline lattice in the high‐entropy carbide. The valence electron number for HEC1−x ceramics with the highest hardness is 7.6, which is inconsistent with the theoretically predicted value of 8.4 for the traditional transition metal carbides. When the carbon vacancy concentration in HEC1−x ceramics is above 20%, the promoting effect of carbon vacancy on grain growth will outweigh the inhibiting effect of sluggish diffusion on grain growth, causing grains to grow quickly.
Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A disease of significant importance for older patients
Authors: Boston Bridget , Ipe Deepak , Capitanescu Bogdan , Gresita Andrei , Hamlet Stephen , Love Robert , Hadjiargyrou Michael , Huang Chien‐Ling , Nusem Iulian , Miroiu Rodica Ileana , Popa‐Wagner Aurel , Warnke Patrick Hans‐Heinrich , Petcu Eugen Bogdan
Published: May 2023

Background

Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is clinically defined as a non‐healing jawbone ulcerative‐necrotic lesion appearing after dental therapy or minor trauma in patients treated previously with anti‐resorptive, anti‐angiogenic or immunomodulators. Older patients with osteoporosis and cancer receive these pharmacological agents regularly. As these patients are long‐term survivors, efficient treatment is of paramount importance for their quality of life.

Methods

Literature searches via PubMed were conducted to identify relevant MRONJ studies. Basic information on MRONJ classification, clinical features, and pathosphysiology is presented herein as well as various clinical studies dealing with MRONJ in patients with osteoporosis and cancer. Lastly, we discuss current managment of patients and new trends in treatment of MRONJ.

Results

Although close follow‐up and local hygiene have been advocated by some authors, severe forms of MRONJ are not responsive to conservative therapy. At present, there is no “gold standard” therapy for this condition. However, as the physiopathological basis of MRONJ is represented by the anti‐angiogenic action of various pharmacological agents, new methods to increase and promote local angiogenesis and vascularization have recently been successfully tested in vitro, limited preclinical studies, and in a pilot clinical study.

Conclusions

It appears that the best method implies application on the lesion of endothelial progenitor cells as well as pro‐angiogenic factors such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and other related molecules. More recently, scaffolds in which these factors have been incorporated have shown positive results in limited trials. However, these studies must be replicated to include a large number of cases before any official therapeutic protocol is adopted.
Measuring Fear of Childbirth Among a Diverse Population in the United States: A Revised Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Scale (WDEQ‐10)
Authors: Roosevelt Lee , Zielinski Ruth , Seng Julia , Low Lisa Kane
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The current gold standard instrument used to measure fear of childbirth is the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ). However, the existing scale is long, has translational challenges, and lacks data specific to experiences of a diverse population in the United States, making it challenging to assess how fear of childbirth impacts perinatal health care disparities. The objective of this study was to revise the WDEQ and analyze its reliability and validity for use in the United States.

Methods

The questionnaire was revised using qualitative data from a previously published study of fear of childbirth within a racially, ethnically, and economically diverse group of pregnant or postpartum people in the United States. Psychometric properties were analyzed in terms of construct validity, reliability, and factor analysis from a group of 329 participants.

Results

The revised and shortened 10 item WDEQ‐10 comprises 3 subscales: fear of environmental factors, fear of death or injury, and fear of how they feel. The results indicate that the WDEQ‐10 demonstrates good reliability and validity and confirmed the multidimensionality of fear of childbirth through a 3‐factor solution.

Discussion

The WDEQ‐10 is a readable and accessible instrument that will allow health care providers and researchers to accurately measure complex components of how pregnant people experience fear of childbirth.
Psychobehavioural profile in narcolepsy type 1 with and without REM sleep behaviour disorder
Authors: Mombelli Samantha , Ricordeau François , Gillard Léa , Lecca Rosa , Vidal Tiphaine , Pereira Bruno , Beudin Patricia , Vitello Nicolas , Bastuji Helene , Peter‐Derex Laure , Fantini Maria Livia
Published: May 2023

REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is common in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). Abnormalities in the reward system have been observed in NT1, possibly related to impaired orexin projections towards the mesolimbic reward system, but also in RBD when associated with Parkinson's disease. Our study aimed to explore the psychobehavioural profile of NT1 patients with and without RBD compared with healthy controls (HC). Forty patients with NT1 were compared with 20 sex‐ and age‐matched HC. All patients with NT1 underwent a video‐polysomnography including a measure of REM sleep without atonia (RSWA). The following neuropsychobehavioural variables were assessed: apathy, impulsivity, depression, cognition, subjective and objective attention, sensation‐seeking, and behavioural addictions. The patient population included 22 patients with NT1‐RBD and 18 patients with NT1‐noRBD. Compared with the healthy controls, patients with NT1 had higher scores of apathy, impulsivity, and depression; a lower score on global cognition, and poorer self‐perceived attention. No differences were found between patients with NT1 with and without RBD in all neuropsychological variables, except for impaired objective attention in patients with NT1‐RBD. In patients with NT1, a positive correlation was observed between RSWA and both apathy and impulsivity subscale. Moreover, in patients with NT1‐RBD, RSWA was positively correlated with depression. Patients with NT1 showed higher depression, apathy, and impulsivity compared with controls. These measures correlate with the severity of RSWA, suggesting a transdiagnostic association between RBD and abnormalities of the reward system at least for patients with NT1.
Cephalic and saphenous venous blood collected by continuous heating of the paws compared with arterial blood for measurement of blood gas values in well‐perfused dogs
Authors: Shiroshita Yukihito , Tanaka Ryou , Shimizu Miki , Yamane Yoshihisa
Published: May 2023

Background

“Arterialization” of the dorsal hand vein is well‐established in human medicine, but not in veterinary medicine.

Objectives

To compare cephalic and saphenous venous blood collected by continuously heating the paws to 37°C (“arterialization”), with arterial blood (AB) for measurement of blood gas variables in well‐perfused dogs.

Animals

Eight healthy dogs.

Methods

Experimental study. Fore and hind paws were continuously heated to 37°C to “arterialize” cephalic and saphenous venous blood. AB and “arterialized” cephalic and saphenous venous blood (ACV and ASV, respectively) were simultaneously collected from lightly anesthetized dogs with induced metabolic and respiratory acid‐base disorders. The pH, partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PCO2) and oxygen (PO2), bicarbonate concentration [HCO3−], and base excess (BE) were measured once in each state. Systolic blood pressure was maintained above 100 mm Hg. The AB, ACV, and ASV values were compared.

Results

The pH, [HCO3−], and BE values had no significant difference and good agreement, the PCO2values had a strong correlation (correlation coefficient of .91‐1.00), and the PO2values had a significant difference (P < .01) and poor agreement between AB and ACV, and between AB and ASV. The PCO2values of ASV overestimated those of AB by ~3.0 mm Hg, which was considered within clinically allowable limits, while those of ACV were not within clinically allowable limits.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Under experimental conditions, the ASV samples were more identical to the AB samples than the ACV samples for pH, PCO2, [HCO3−], and BE values in well‐perfused dogs. The saphenous vein is suitable for “arterialization.”
Therapeutic response and prognostic factors of 14 dogs undergoing transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular masses: A retrospective study
Authors: Kawamura Yuta , Itou Hiroki , Kida Akitomo , Sunakawa Hiroki , Suzuki Moe , Kawamura Kenji
Published: May 2023

Background

Information regarding the therapeutic effect and outcome of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hepatic masses is limited in veterinary medicine.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To analyze the therapeutic response, outcome (overall survival), and their predictors in dogs that underwent TAE for primary hepatocellular masses. We hypothesized that larger pre‐TAE tumors would be associated with worse outcomes.

Animals

Fourteen client‐owned dogs.

Methods

Retrospective study. Medical records between 1 September 2016 and 30 April 2022 were reviewed to identify dogs treated with TAE for hepatic masses diagnosed as hepatocellular origin by cytological or histopathological examination. Computed tomography images were compared before and after TAE. The univariate Cox proportional hazards test was performed to assess the associations between variables and survival. Univariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between variables and the tumor reduction percentage: ([post‐TAE volume − pre‐TAE volume]/pre‐TAE volume) × 100.

Results

The median survival time was 419 days (95% confidence interval, 82‐474). History of intra‐abdominal hemorrhage (P = .03) and pre‐TAE tumor volume/body weight (P = .009) were significantly associated with overall survival. The mean reduction percentage was −51% ± 40%. Pre‐TAE tumor volume/body weight ratio (cm3/kg; P = .02, correlation coefficient = 0.704) was significantly correlated with the volume reduction percentage.

Conclusions

History of intra‐abdominal hemorrhage and large pre‐TAE tumor volume/body weight ratio could be predictive factors for adverse outcomes after TAE. Pre‐TAE tumor volume/body weight ratio could be a predictive factor for therapeutic effect.
Sumptuary administration: How contested market actors shape the trajectory of policy when regulated under fragmented governance
Authors: Kinney Alexander B.
Published: May 2023

In contemporary society, sumptuary laws regulate contested markets by delegating enforcement responsibilities to the private sector. This can decouple the intention behind policies from the practices to implement them. When state interests do not align concerning the legality of a market, can policy and practice recouple, and if so, how? This article reports on a case study of commercial cannabis in the United States to answer this question. Interviews with 56 cannabis industry stakeholders in California, Arizona, and Texas reveal that policy and practice recoupled through a patterned process that I call sumptuary administration. In each state, regulators drew on a unique set of schemas, or “framework of accountability,” that prioritized a subset of cannabis market participants during the policy‐making process. This resulted in missing or ambiguous sumptuary laws. To address business challenges that were tethered to this regulatory environment, cannabis businesses drew on similar schemas to identify appropriate practices. I show how grounding practices in these frameworks legitimized the preferences of the cannabis industry in the eyes of state authorities and influenced specific program policy revisions. Sumptuary administration represents a novel mechanism for understanding the social construction of legality in markets that are regulated under fragmented governance.
Protective role of cGAS in NASH is related to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis
Authors: de Carvalho Ribeiro Marcelle , Cho Yeonhee , Mehta Jeeval , Wang Xiaojing , Babuta Mrigya , Copeland Christopher , Hussein Hosni , Catalano Donna , Wang Yanbo , Szabo Gyongyi
Published: May 2023

Background & Aims

Various intracellular pathways regulate inflammation in NASH. Cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) is a DNA sensor that activates STING and plays a role in inflammatory diseases. Here, we explored the role of cGAS in hepatic damage, steatosis, inflammation, and liver fibrosis in mouse models of NASH.

Methods

cGAS deficient (cGAS‐KO) and STING deficient (STING‐KO) mice received high fat‐high cholesterol‐high sugar diet (HF‐HC‐HSD) or relevant control diets. Livers were evaluated after 16 or 30 weeks.

Results

HF‐HC‐HSD diet, both at 16 and 30 weeks, resulted in increased cGAS protein expression as well as in increased ALT, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and MCP‐1 in wild‐type (WT) mice compared to controls. Surprisingly, liver injury, triglyceride accumulation, and inflammasome activation were greater in HF‐HC‐HSD cGAS‐KO compared to WT mice at 16 and to a lesser extent at 30 weeks. STING, a downstream target of cGAS was significantly increased in WT mice after HF‐HC‐HSD. In STING‐KO mice after HF‐HC‐HSD feeding, we found increased ALT and attenuated MCP1 and IL‐1β expression compared to WT mice. Markers of liver fibrosis were increased in cGAS‐ and STING‐KO mice compared to WT on HF‐HC‐HSD. We discovered that cGAS‐KO mice had a significant increase in circulating endotoxin levels on HF‐HC‐HSD that correlated with changes in intestinal morphology which was exacerbated by HF‐HC‐HSD compared to WT mice.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that cGAS or STING deficiency exacerbate liver damage, steatosis, and inflammation in HF‐HC‐HSD diet‐induced NASH, which might be linked to the disruption of the gut barrier.
Capturing species‐wide diversity of the gut microbiota and its relationship with genomic variation in the critically endangered kākāpō
Authors: West Annie G. , Digby Andrew , Santure Anna W. , Guhlin Joseph G. , Dearden Peter , Kākāpō Recovery Team  , Taylor Michael W. , Urban Lara
Published: May 2023

Gut microbiota play an essential role in host health with important implications for conservation management of threatened wildlife. While factors such as diet, medication and habitat are known to shape the microbiota, our understanding of the entirety of factors, including the complex role of host genomic background, remains incomplete. Our research on the interaction between the host genome and gut microbiota of the critically endangered kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus), a flightless parrot endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand, represents, to our knowledge, one of the most comprehensive studies of the gastrointestinal bacterial diversity and its relationship with host genomic diversity for virtually an entire threatened species. We conducted a 16S rRNA gene‐based analysis of faecal samples representing the gut microbiota for 84% of kākāpō. This survey was leveraged with exceptional metadata to tease apart the impact of host genomic diversity and factors including sex, age, diet, antibiotics, disease, habitat and sampling date on the kākāpō gut microbiota. We find evidence of a highly polygenic genomic architecture of the gut microbiota and identify putative associations between bacterial diversity and functional pathways related to intestinal homeostasis, inflammation, immunity and metabolism. This improved understanding of the kākāpō gut microbiota—and its relationship with host genomics—can directly benefit kākāpō conservation by providing new insights into the role of the gut microbiome in kākāpō health and disease mitigation. Overall, we anticipate that an integration of microbiome studies in conservation research and management will improve our understanding and realisation of the One Health concept.
MYCN amplification in spinal ependymoma: A five‐year retrospective study
Authors: Rao Shilpa , Sugur Harsha , Konar Subhas , Arivazhagan Arimappamagan , Santosh Vani
Published: May 2023

Spinal ependymoma with MYCN amplification is a newly recognized type of spinal ependymoma that is known to be associated with poor prognosis. Available studies on this relatively rare tumor type have observed that these tumors tend to disseminate along the spinal cord and behave aggressively with worse overall and progression‐free survival compared to the other types of ependymoma. In this study, we describe the clinical and histopathological features of spinal ependymomas in a single institution cohort with emphasis on those with MYCN amplification.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy in adults with structural congenital heart disease and chronic heart failure
Authors: Thompson Sophie E. , Hudsmith Lucy E. , Bowater Sarah E. , Clift Paul , Marshall Howard , Leyva. Francisco , Arif Sayqa
Published: May 2023

Aims

Evidence for CRT in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) and chronic heart failure is limited, with recommendations for its use extrapolated from the population with structurally normal hearts. This retrospective observational study investigates the efficacy of CRT in this heterogenous group, discussing factors predicting response to CRT.

Methods

Twenty‐seven patients with structural ACHD who underwent CRT insertion or upgrade at a tertiary center in the United Kingdom were retrospectively studied. The primary outcome measure was clinical response to CRT, defined as improvement of NYHA class and/or improvement in systemic ventricular ejection fraction by one category. Secondary outcomes included change in QRS duration and adverse events.

Results

Thirty‐seven percent of patients had a systemic right ventricle (sRV). RBBB was the commonest baseline QRS morphology (40.7%) despite this being an unfavorable characteristic for CRT. Overall, positive response to CRT was demonstrated in 18 patients (66.7%). NYHA class improved in 55.5% following CRT (p = .001) and 40.7% showed improvement in systemic ventricular ejection fraction (p = .118). There were no baseline characteristics that predicted response to CRT, and electrocardiographic measures such as QRS shortening post‐CRT was not associated with positive response. Good response rates (60.0%) were demonstrated in those with sRV.

Conclusion

CRT is efficacious in structural ACHD including in those who do not meet conventional criteria. Extrapolation of recommendations from adults with structurally normal hearts may be inappropriate. Future research should focus on improving patient selection for CRT, for example using techniques to better quantify mechanical dysynchrony and intra‐procedural electrical activation mapping in these complex patients.
Validation of a handheld single‐lead ECG algorithm for atrial fibrillation detection after coronary revascularization
Authors: Skröder Sofia , Wickbom Anders , Björkenheim Anna , Ahlsson Anders , Poci Dritan , Fengsrud Espen
Published: May 2023

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rapidly increasing global public health concern entailing a high risk for ischemic stroke that can largely be avoided with anticoagulation therapy. AF is often underdiagnosed and there is a need for a reliable method of detection in individuals with additional risk factors for stroke such as coronary artery disease. We aimed to validate an automatic rhythm interpretation algorithm in thumb ECG in subjects with recent coronary revascularization.

Methods

Thumb ECG, a patient‐operated handheld single‐lead ECG recording device with an automatic interpretation algorithm, was performed three times daily for a month after coronary revascularization and 2‐week periods 3, 12, and 24 months post‐procedure. The detection of AF by the automatic algorithm on subject and single‐strip ECG level was compared to manual interpretation.

Results

48,308 of 30 s thumb ECG recordings from 255 subjects (mean 212 ± 3.5 recordings per subject) were retrieved from a database (AF 47 subjects/655 recordings; non‐AF 208 subjects/47,653 recordings). The algorithm sensitivity at subject level was 100%, specificity 11.2%, positive predictive value (PPV) 20.2%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 100%. At the single‐strip ECG level, sensitivity was 87.6%, specificity 94.0%, PPV 16.8%, and NPV 99.8%. The most common reasons for false positive results were technical disturbance and frequent ectopic beats.

Conclusions

The automatic interpretation algorithm in a handheld thumb ECG device can rule out AF in patients recently undergoing coronary revascularization with high accuracy, but manual confirmation is needed to confirm the diagnose of AF because of high false positive rates.
The nature and normativity of anger types: A response to critics
Authors: Cherry Myisha
Published: May 2023

My commentators have brought a set of claims and questions to bear on my analytical distinctions and normative arguments. Alice MacLachlan is interested in the relationship between Lordean rage and the other, more negative anger types that I describe, as well as the limits of the anger of rage renegades. Lidal Dror wonders if we should have Lordean rage, to what extent my account of resssentiment rage is in fact Lordean, and whether it is enough to only experience Lordean rage. And Nic Bommarito wonders if my other anger types could be good in certain ways and if there are other “Lordean emotions.” So, in my replies, I will address each of these in turn. And I end with a brief note about love and Lordean rage.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Advancing Publicly Engaged Sociology
Authors: Smith Robert Courtney
Published: May 2023

Publicly engaged sociology seeks to use our research and work to engage stakeholders within and beyond the university to analyze and fight inequality or injustice, and to address other issues society faces. Sociologists who do such work help universities (and other institutions) keep their social contract to use our work to make society better. This Special Issue continues the Eastern Sociological Society's work on publicly engaged sociology, including the 2022 creation of Public Sociology Awards for Early Career and Post‐Tenure scholars, and my Presidential Address. Contributors to this volume can hopefully serve as examples to younger sociologists, because these articles describe how the authors have done excellent basic research and used it to address societal problems, and have navigated hazards of such work, including the MeSearch gaze. Contributors do publicly engaged sociological work from the most macro‐level, such as analyzing how algorithms promote division and undermine democracy or how to better disseminate sociological work to wider audiences, to work on national policies to create more equitable universities, to the local contexts, including working to promote play for elementary school students, or oust sheriffs responsible for family separation, or restore citizenship stripped from naturalized immigrants. Authors range across the spectrum of sociological careers, from current doctoral students, to postdocs, to tenured professors, to the American Sociological Association's 2024 President.
The 1949 Atlas of French peat deposits, a starting point for a national inventory of peatlands
Authors: Pinault Lise , Pilloix Malo , Bernard Gregory , Joly Daniel , Gogo Sébastien , Martin Elsa , Gilbert Daniel
Published: May 2023

Fifty per cent of European peatlands are in a damaged state. While intact peatlands are natural carbon sinks, degraded sites release important amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Restoration of the hydrological functionality of peatlands has proved to be an efficient tool to avoid these emissions. In France, Tuffnell & Bignon's ministerial report (2019) emphasized the need for peatlands ‘integration into the National Low Carbon Strategy, targeting carbon neutrality by 2050. However, current knowledge regarding French peatlands’ distribution and carbon stocks is insufficient and does not allow decision makers and managers to prioritize areas for restoration. The most complete database to date is the 1949 Atlas, an inventory of exploitable peat deposits that was conducted during WWII for peat exploitation as fuel. Until its digitalization, the latter database was archived and never used in a scientific study. It provides detailed information about peatland surfaces, peat thicknesses and carbon contents at that time. We estimated peat carbon stocks from French peatlands to be 111 Mt C in 1949 for 63,290 ha identified as peaty sites, the equivalent of 3% of the organic carbon contained in the upper 30 centimetres of French soils. 34% of this stock was held in Lower Normandy (37.7 Mt C) and 12% in the Picardy's region (13.0 Mt C), in large lowland peatlands. However, not all peatlands were prospected in the 1949 inventory and the characteristics of the prospected peatlands may have changed with anthropic disturbances of the last decades, such as draining or climate change. These first results highlight the need for a recent inventory of French peatlands and carbon stocks based on local data aggregation. Data from the 1949 Atlas could help constituting this new inventory but should be validated before being used to describe the present.
Evaluation of mechlorethamine, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone for the treatment of resistant multicentric canine lymphoma
Authors: Zimmerman Kelley , Walsh Koranda A. , Ferrari Jonathan T. , Keuler Nicholas S. , Atherton Matthew J. , Lenz Jennifer A.
Published: May 2023

Multi‐agent chemotherapy successfully induces remission in most naïve, high‐grade canine lymphoma patients; however, disease recurrence is common. MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) is an effective rescue protocol used to re‐induce remission, but is associated with gastrointestinal toxicity and can be a less desirable option for patients that previously failed vincristine‐containing protocols. Therefore, alternative members of the vinca alkaloid family, such as vinblastine, could be potentially advantageous as substitutes for vincristine to reduce gastrointestinal toxicity and chemoresistance. The objective of this study was to report the clinical outcomes and toxicity of 36 dogs with relapsed or refractory multicentric lymphoma treated with a modified MOPP protocol whereby vincristine was replaced with vinblastine (MVPP). The overall response rate to MVPP was 25% with a median progression free survival of 15 days and a median overall survival of 45 days. MVPP at the prescribed doses resulted in modest and transient clinical benefit, but was well tolerated with no treatment delays or hospitalizations secondary to side effects. Given the minimal toxicity, dose intensification could be considered to improve clinical responses.
El Bajo Andes (Manizales): un lugar, un territorio para actuar en la geopolítica de ciudad
Authors: Villegas Alzate Juan Guillermo , Rojas Hernández Carolina , Villegas Arenas Guillermo
Published: May 2023

Bajo Andes (Manizales) es un “asentamiento humano” surgido de una invasión; tal condición plantea el forcejeo con la postura excluyente de las autoridades gubernamentales. Este caso particular se presta al objetivo de indagar acerca del sentido político de los esfuerzos cotidianos de la gente en la construcción de su territorio y su lugar en un espacio de invasión. En lo metodológico, la observación directa y la cartografía social recogen la palabra del habitante, para codificar sus narrativas en clave de representaciones territoriales. Los hallazgos revelan al Bajo Andes negado como barrio por las instancias oficiales y borrado de los mapas georreferenciados; esta exclusión contrasta con los actos de lugarización y territorialización que sirven para perseverar en la vindicación por el suelo y para hacer de esta perseverancia una controversia de geopolítica local y del Bajo Andes un actor de tal geopolítica.
Bioenergetic Analysis and Fatigue Assessment During the Fran Workout in Experienced Crossfitters
Authors: Rios Manoel , Zacca Rodrigo , Azevedo Rui , Fonseca Pedro , Pyne David B. , Reis Victor Machado , Moreira-Gonçalves Daniel , Fernandes Ricardo J.
Published: May 2023

Aim: To quantify the physiological demands and impact of muscle function t of the Fran workout, one of the most popular CrossFit benchmarks. Methods: Twenty experienced CrossFitters—16 male: 29 (6) years old and 4 female: 26 (5) years old— performed 3 rounds (with 30-s rests in between) of 21–21, 15–15, and 9–9 front squats to overhead press plus pull-up repetitions. Oxygen uptake and heart rate were measured at baseline, during the workout, and in the recovery period. Rating of perceived exertion, blood lactate, and glucose concentrations were assessed at rest, during the intervals, and in the recovery period. Muscular fatigue was also monitored at rest and at 5 minutes, 30 minutes, and 24 hours postexercise. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to compare time points. Results: Aerobic (52%–29%) and anaerobic alactic (30%–23%) energy contributions decreased and the anaerobic lactic contribution increased (18%–48%) across the 3 rounds of the Fran workout. Countermovement jump height decreased by 8% (−12 to −3) mean change (95% CI), flight duration by 14% (−19 to −7), maximum velocity by 3% (−5 to −0.1), peak force 4% (−7 to −0.1), and physical performance (plank prone 47% [−54 to −38]) were observed. Conclusions: It appears that the Fran workout is a physically demanding activity that recruits energy from both aerobic and anaerobic systems. This severe-intensity workout evokes substantial postexercise fatigue and corresponding reduction in muscle function.
Principal Perceptions and Applications of Professional Learning Communities: Implications for the Future of Physical Education
Authors: Beddoes Zack E. , Sazama Debra S.
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To investigate school principals’ perceptions and applications of professional learning communities (PLCs) and how they interpret the roles of physical educators within these structures. Method: This study was conceptualized as an exploratory interview study. Eight elementary and two secondary school principals across four districts participated in semistructured interviews. Each principal had been trained and was currently utilizing the same PLC framework within their respective schools. Result: Data analysis revealed three overarching themes with supportive subthemes: (a) PLCs are Centered on and Structured for Student Learning, (b) The Roles of Physical Educators Differ in Perception and Function, and (c) Successful PLCs are Facilitated by Team Trust and Disrupted by Drift. Discussion: The findings carry implications for principals, physical educators, and physical education teacher education programs. Principals and physical educators have mutually reinforcing responsibilities in creating an equitable space for physical education in the school PLC community.
Identifying Referent Control Variables Underlying Goal-Directed Arm Movements
Authors: El-Hage Marie-Reine , Wendling Alexandra , Levin Mindy F. , Feldman Anatol G.
Published: May 2023

The referent control theory (RCT) for action and perception is an advanced formulation of the equilibrium-point hypothesis. The RCT suggests that rather than directly specifying the desired motor outcome, the nervous system controls action and perception indirectly by setting the values of parameters of physical and physiological laws. This is done independently of values of kinematic and kinetic variables including electromyographic patterns describing the motor outcome. One such parameter—the threshold muscle length, λ, at which motoneurons of a given muscle begin to be recruited, has been identified experimentally. In RCT, a similar parameter, the referent arm position, R, has been defined for multiple arm muscles as the threshold arm position at which arm muscles can be quiescent but activated depending on the deflection of the actual arm position, Q, from R. Changes in R result in reciprocal changes in the activity of opposing muscle groups. We advanced the explanatory power of RCT by combining the usual biomechanical descriptions of motor actions with the identification of the timing of R underlying arm movements made with reversals in three directions and to three different extents. We found that in all movements, periods of minimization of the activity of multiple muscles could be identified at ∼61%–86% of the reaching extent in each direction. These electromyographic minimization periods reflect the spatial coordinates at which the R and Q overlap during the production of movements with reversals. The findings support the concept of the production of arm movement by shifting R.
Feminist Sport Media Studies in SSJ: Mapping Theoretical Frameworks and Geographies of Knowledge Production
Authors: Antunovic Dunja
Published: May 2023

This conceptual review identifies the contributions of the Sociology of Sport Journal to the subfield of feminist sport media studies. Since the first issue of Sociology of Sport Journal, over 60 articles addressed primarily the media representations research area of feminist sport media studies, using a range of theoretical frameworks that mirrored theoretical shifts in the field. An empirical analysis of geographies of knowledge production indicates that the scholarship in Sociology of Sport Journal in this subfield is primarily based in the United States and focuses on Western contexts. The article concludes with a reflection on the importance of special issues and interdisciplinary collaborations in feminist sport media studies.
Engineered entropic forces allow ultrastrong dynamical backaction
Authors: Sawadsky Andreas , Harrison Raymond A. , Harris Glen I. , Wasserman Walter W. , Sfendla Yasmine L. , Bowen Warwick P. , Baker Christopher G.
Published: May 2023

When confined within an optical cavity light can exert strong radiation pressure forces. Combined with dynamical backaction, this enables important processes, such as laser cooling, and applications ranging from precision sensors to quantum memories and interfaces. However, the magnitude of radiation pressure forces is constrained by the energy mismatch between photons and phonons. Here, we overcome this barrier using entropic forces arising from the absorption of light. We show that entropic forces can exceed the radiation pressure force by eight orders of magnitude and demonstrate this using a superfluid helium third-sound resonator. We develop a framework to engineer the dynamical backaction from entropic forces, applying it to achieve phonon lasing with a threshold three orders of magnitude lower than previous work. Our results present a pathway to exploit entropic forces in quantum devices and to study nonlinear fluid phenomena such as turbulence and solitons.
Neuropilin 1 is an entry receptor for KSHV infection of mesenchymal stem cell through TGFBR1/2-mediated macropinocytosis
Authors: Lu Zheng-Zhou , Sun Cong , Zhang Xiaolin , Peng Yingying , Wang Yan , Zeng Yan , Zhu Nannan , Yuan Yan , Zeng Mu-Sheng
Published: May 2023

Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and other malignancies. The cellular origin of KS has been suggested to be either mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or endothelial cells. However, receptor(s) for KSHV to infect MSCs remains unknown. By combining bioinformatics analysis and shRNA screening, we identify neuropilin 1 (NRP1) as an entry receptor for KSHV infection of MSCs. Functionally, NRP1 knockout and overexpression in MSCs significantly reduce and promote, respectively, KSHV infection. Mechanistically, NRP1 facilitated the binding and internalization of KSHV by interacting with KSHV glycoprotein B (gB), which was blocked by soluble NRP1 protein. Furthermore, NRP1 interacts with TGF-β receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) through their respective cytoplasmic domains and thus activates the TGFBR1/2 complex, which facilitates the macropinocytosis-mediated KSHV internalization via the small GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1. Together, these findings implicate that KSHV has evolved a strategy to invade MSCs by harnessing NRP1 and TGF-beta receptors to stimulate macropinocytosis.
Peptidomimetic antibiotics disrupt the lipopolysaccharide transport bridge of drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Schuster Matthias , Brabet Emile , Oi Kathryn K. , Desjonquères Nicolas , Moehle Kerstin , Le Poupon Karen , Hell Sophie , Gable Stéphane , Rithié Virginie , Dillinger Séverine , Zbinden Peter , Luther Anatol , Li Claudia , Stiegeler Sarah , D’Arco Carolin , Locher Hans , Remus Tobias , DiMaio Selena , Motta Paola , Wach Achim , Jung Françoise , Upert Grégory , Obrecht Daniel , Benghezal Mohammed , Zerbe Oliver
Published: May 2023

The rise of antimicrobial resistance poses a substantial threat to our health system, and, hence, development of drugs against novel targets is urgently needed. The natural peptide thanatin kills Gram-negative bacteria by targeting proteins of the lipopolysaccharide transport (Lpt) machinery. Using the thanatin scaffold together with phenotypic medicinal chemistry, structural data, and a target-focused approach, we developed antimicrobial peptides with drug-like properties. They exhibit potent activity against Enterobacteriaceae both in vitro and in vivo while eliciting low frequencies of resistance. We show that the peptides bind LptA of both wild-type and thanatin-resistant
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains with low-nanomolar affinities. Mode of action studies revealed that the antimicrobial activity involves the specific disruption of the Lpt periplasmic protein bridge.