bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Previous Open Renal Surgery Increased Vascular Complications in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Compared with Primary and Secondary PCNL and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yesil Suleyman , Ozturk Ufuk , Goktug Hasan Nedim Goksel , Tuygun Can , Nalbant Ismail , Imamoglu Muhammet Abdurrahim
Published: July 2013

Objective: To evaluate the vascular complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) patients who have undergone previous open surgery, PCNL and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Patients and Methods: 360 patients who underwent a PCNL procedure were included into the study. The patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1: primary PCNL (n = 232); group 2: previous open nephrolithotomy (n = 42); group 3: previous PCNL (n = 33); group 4: previous ESWL (n = 63). The periods of operation and fluoroscopy use of the groups were compared in terms of residual stones, with haematuria, pre-operation and post-operation first-day haemoglobin values. Patients with persistent haematuria were assessed through ultrasonography (US), Doppler US, computed tomography and angiography. Results: Upon comparison of the patients' pre- and post-operative haemoglobin changes, haemoglobin was statistically higher in the previous open operation group than the others (p = 0.02). Permanent and intermittent haematuria were detected in 12 (3%) and 7 patients (1%), respectively. Angiography was done in 7 (1.94%) patients. This rate was 9.5% for group 2 and 3% for group 3. These rates were found to be statistically higher than compared to the other groups. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was detected in 4 of these patients and pseudoaneurysm in 1. While 1 of the patients with AVF improved spontaneously, embolisation was applied to 4 patients. Four of the patients had had a previous open operation, while 1 had had a PCNL treatment. Conclusions: Vascular complication is a rare complication of PCNL that can be successfully managed with angioembolisation. Our results indicate that previous open surgery significantly predicted the occurrence of these lesions.
Zur Relevanz wissenschafts-, medizin- und sozialgeschichtlicher Grundlagenforschung*
Authors: Schmidt Josef M.
Published: July 2013

Aus Unkenntnis der eigenen methodischen Grundlagen und Beschränkungen überschreiten Wissenschaftler oft die legitimen Grenzen ihres Faches, wenn sie anderen Wissenschaften deren Wissenschaftlichkeit absprechen. Neue kritische Ansätze in den Natur-, Sozial- und Humanwissenschaften reflektieren hingegen vermehrt die Wechselwirkungen und Interdependenzen zwischen dem Forscher und seinem Fachgebiet bzw. dem Forschungsgegenstand und dem ihn selbst erst konstituierenden Rahmen. Aus der Wirtschaftswissenschaft kommt dabei die These, dass das moderne Subjekt und seine Rationalität auf Vergesellschaftungsprozessen in der Denkform des Geldes beruhen, die insofern auch massgeblich das Wesen der modernen Medizin bestimmen. Verglichen mit deren Prinzipien wie Quantifizierung, Standardisierung, Mathematisierung, Reproduzierbarkeit, Materialismus usw. erscheint die Homöopathie, die noch vor dem grossen Aufschwung der Geldwirtschaft im 19. Jahrhundert begründet wurde, als vom monetären Denken relativ freie, nämlich qualitative, individualisierende, hermeneutische und teleologische Medizin.
Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies a Causal
RBM20
Mutation in a Large Pedigree With Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wells Quinn S. , Becker Jason R. , Su Yan R. , Mosley Jonathan D. , Weeke Peter , D’Aoust Laura , Ausborn Natalie L. , Ramirez Andrea H. , Pfotenhauer Jean P. , Naftilan Allen J. , Markham Larry , Exil Vernat , Roden Dan M. , Hong Charles C.
Published: July 2013

Background—

Whole exome sequencing is a powerful technique for Mendelian disease gene discovery. However, variant prioritization remains a challenge. We applied whole exome sequencing to identify the causal variant in a large family with familial dilated cardiomyopathy of unknown pathogenesis.

Methods and Results—

A large family with autosomal dominant, familial dilated cardiomyopathy was identified. Exome capture and sequencing were performed in 3 remotely related, affected subjects predicted to share <0.1% of their genomes by descent. Shared variants were filtered for rarity, evolutionary conservation, and predicted functional significance, and remaining variants were filtered against 71 locally generated exomes. Variants were also prioritized using the Variant Annotation Analysis and Search Tool. Final candidates were validated by Sanger sequencing and tested for segregation. There were 664 shared heterozygous nonsense, missense, or splice site variants, of which 26 were rare (minor allele frequency ≤0.001 or not reported) in 2 public databases. Filtering against internal exomes reduced the number of candidates to 2, and of these, a single variant (c.1907 G>A) in
RBM20
, segregated with disease status and was absent in unaffected internal reference exomes. Bioinformatic prioritization with Variant Annotation Analysis and Search Tool supported this result.

Conclusions—

Whole exome sequencing of remotely related dilated cardiomyopathy subjects from a large, multiplex family, followed by systematic filtering, identified a causal
RBM20
mutation without the need for linkage analysis.
A new yellow-flowered ornithophilous Vriesea and an illustrated collection of the bromeliads from Pico Alto, Serra do Baturité, Ceará State, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: VERSIEUX LEONARDO M. , TOMAZ EDUARDO C. , FORTUNATO MÁRCIA , VEROLA CHRISTIANO
Published: July 2013

Vriesea baturitensis is described and illustrated as a new species. It is compared with V. friburgensis and V. rodigasiana, which we consider to be morphologically the most related species. The new taxon occurs in isolated Atlantic forest patches along the Baturité mountain range, in central-north Ceará state, Northeastern Brazil. It is characterized by the compact and regular rosette, a rounded leaf apex, stiff and erect peduncle, peduncle and primary bracts bright yellow, and the particular colors and sizes of the floral bracts and sepals. The humid habitat where the new species was found, known in Brazil as brejo de altitude, is surrounded by the Caatinga (Brazilian dry woodland) and due to its climatic conditions supports a rich flora of epiphytes. In Pico Alto we collected and photographed six different species of bromeliads, two of each being Guzmania and Vriesea, one of each being Aechmea and Racinaea. We conclude that the area of Pico Alto is an important remnant of humid forest and conservation measures to protect its epiphytes are urgently needed.
New combinations and a new name in Smilax for species of Heterosmilax in Eastern and Southeast Asian Smilacaceae (Liliales)
Authors: QI ZHECHEN , LI PAN , FU CHENGXIN
Published: July 2013

Judd (1998) formally transferred the species considered to be members of Heterosmilax Kunth (1850: 270; Koyama 1960, 1978, 1984) including Pesudosmilax Kunth (1850: 270) and Oligosmilax Seemann (1868: 258) into Smilax Linnaeus (1753: 1028) as a section, since “the segregation of these two genera would result in a paraphyletic Smilax sensu stricto because no apomorphies are known that would unite the remaining members of the group, which are characterized by flowers with free tepals and six more or less distinct stamens” (Judd 1998, p. 156). This proposal was further supported by recent molecular phylogenetic evidence (Cameron & Fu, 2006; Li et al. 2011, Qi et al. 2012), which shows that Heterosmilax distributed in Eastern and Southeast Asia is monophyletic and embedded within Smilax. The preparation of the treatment of Smilacaceae for the Flora of the Pan-Himalaya necessitates transfer of all species of Heterosmilax to Smilax. Nine new combinations are made, a new name is given and three names are resurrected.
Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa
Authors: CAIRNS STEPHEN D. , ZIBROWIUS HELMUT
Published: July 2013

We describe and figure the 20 species of stylasterid hydrozoans known from South Africa. These consist of seven new species, six range extensions, and seven species previously known from South African. Most of the specimens reported resulted from expeditions of the Pieter Faure (1898–1903) and Meiring Naudé (1975–1987), and are deposited primarily in the South African Museum (Cape Town). A replacement name (Errina australis) is proposed for the junior homonym Errina hicksoni Cairns, 1991. A brief history of species discovery of the South African stylasterids is presented. The new morphological term dactyloglossa is introduced to define a baffle-like structure found in dactylopores of some species. Of the 20 South African species, 12 (60%) are not yet known outside that area. Three patterns of distribution were noted: species confined to the tropical region of South Africa, those found in both the tropical and warm temperate regions of S. Africa, and those found only in the warm temperate regions, three in the latter group sharing their distribution with cold temperate southern South America and two with warm temperate New Zealand, representing a circum-southern temperate distribution.
New species of Cinygmula McDunnough, 1933 and larval description of Cinygmula irina Tshernova & Belov, 1982 from the Russian Far East (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)
Authors: TIUNOVA TATIANA M. , GOROVAYA EKATERINA A.
Published: July 2013

Here, we describe Cinygmula tetramera, sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae), which has male imaginal forceps with three distal segments, based on male & female imagos reared from larvae. The structure of the penes of this species is similar to that of Cinygmula irina Tshernova & Belov, 1982, a description and drawing of which are also presented in this paper. The larvae of C. irina are described for the first time. We also describe the eggs of both species. Based on our data, egg characters provide useful data for species diagnoses in the genus Cinygmula.
Description of the final-instarlarva and pupa of Acanthacorydalis orientalis (McLachlan, 1899) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) with some life history notes
Authors: CAO CHENGQUAN , LIU XINGYUE
Published: July 2013

The giant dobsonfly species Acanthacorydalis orientalis (McLachlan, 1899) is endemic to China and is well-known because of its remarkable large adult body size and enlarged male mandibles. However, the immature stages of this species, as well as all other Acanthacorydalis species are poorly known. In this paper we describe the last-instar larvae and pupae of A. orientalis for the first time. Aspects of the bionomics of this species is also given.
A new distinctively banded species of Panaqolus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the western Amazon Basin in Peru
Authors: LUJAN NATHAN K. , STEELE SARAH , VELASQUEZ MIQUEL
Published: July 2013

Panaqolus albivermis is described as a new species based on four specimens from the San Alejandro River, a tributary of the upper Ucayali River in central Peru. Panaqolus albivermis is diagnosed from all other Panaqolus except P. maccus by having head, body, and fins with widely separated small white to yellow spots, vermiculations, and/or thin oblique bands on a black base (vs. exclusively small white to yellow spots on a black base in P. albomaculatus, generally broad oblique bands of alternating light to dark brown in P. changae, P. gnomus, P. purusiensis, and a uniformly dark gray to black body color in P. dentex, P. koko, and P. nocturnus); P. albivermis can be diagnosed from P. maccus by having a black base color (vs. brown), by having parallel dentary tooth cups (vs. acute intermandibular tooth cup angle), and by having a larger known adult body size (95.8 mm SL vs. 84.8).
Nyctomyia, a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Nyx Harbach & Linton, 2013 (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: HARBACH RALPH E.
Published: July 2013

Harbach et al. (2013) proposed the new generic name Nyx for an undescribed cavernicolous species of Culicidae discovered in a cave at Wat Tham Panthurat in Surat Thani Province of southern Thailand. The authors were not aware that the generic name was already in use for a genus in the lepidopteran family Choreutidae (Heppner, 1982). In accordance with Article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999), Nyx Heppner, 1982, has priority and Nyx Harbach & Linton, 2013, must be treated as its junior homonym. Hence, I herewith propose the replacement name Nyctomyia nom. nov. for Nyx Harbach & Linton, 2013. The generic name is derived from the name of the Greek goddess Nyx (nominative, transliteration of νύξ; genitive Nyctos, transliteration of νυκτός, genitive stem Nycto-) and the Greek noun myia (transliteration of mυῖα, f. fly), literally translated as “Nyx fly”. The two-letter abbreviation Nc. is recommended for Nyctomyia. Nyctomyia pholeocola (Linton & Harbach) comb. nov. is the only species included in the genus.
Visualizing Humanitarian Colonialism
Authors: Montez de Oca Jeffrey , Prado José
Published: July 2013

Photographs are powerful vehicles of ideology. Rather than simply documenting and reflecting a lived, material reality, photos express and retain traces of the belief systems that structure a time and a place. Photographs from American Indian boarding schools document a time and a place, but they also express the shifting ideological landscape of what Gerald McMaster calls “colonial alchemy”—the conversion of children from different sovereign indigenous nations into (U.S.) citizens. This article analyzes photographs from the Thomas Indian School located on the Cattaraugus Reservation in western New York taken between the 1890s and 1950s to illustrate the changing terrain of U.S. racial ideology. The photographs show how the goal of colonial alchemy remained consistent, but the knowledge systems that defined Indianness, citizenship, and the humanitarian mission of American Indian boarding schools changed over time.
Examining Claims of Family Process Differences Ensuing From the Choice to Home-School
Authors: Butler Mark H. , Harper James M. , Call Matthew L. , Bird Mark H.
Published: July 2013

Advocates of home-schooling claim a variety of positive educational and familial outcomes. Research is needed to examine possible effects of home-schooling on family relationships. We investigated family environment differences between home-schooling and public-schooling families matched in terms of family-centric orientation. Family cohesion was measured using FACES III, and parent–adolescent interaction styles were measured using the Interaction Styles Profile, an instrument formulated for limited research use by the second author based on previous work done with family interaction styles. Mothers, fathers, and adolescent students in 38 public-schooling and 35 home-schooling families completed the measures. The potential confound of preexisting values and commitment to highly cohesive, emotionally connected, cooperative family life in home-schooling families was controlled for by the selection of public-schooling families matched on this variable (family-centric orientation). Family-centric home-schooling families reported statistically significant, but only moderately higher levels of family cohesion and parent–child parallel interaction than family-centric public-schooling families. There were no significant differences between home-schooling and public-schooling families in self-reported symmetrical and complementary interactions. Thus, when controlling for preexisting family-centric orientation, the institution and practice of home-schooling alone appears to produce only moderate (clinically nonrelevant) shifts in family cohesion or positive parallel interaction, suggesting that family-centric families can realize their goals for family cohesion and positive interaction independent of their choice of schooling.
What to Do Between the Times?
Authors: Siker Judy Yates
Published: July 2013

The church looks with great anticipation to the seasons of Advent, Christmas, Lent, and Easter as opportunities for reflection on powerful passages of Scripture recalling the major events in our Christian story. In every liturgical year, however, there are 33 or 34 Sundays known as Ordinary Time that fall between those seasons. Must they be “ordinary”?
Organizational communication: A buffer in times of job insecurity?
Authors: Jiang Lixin , Probst Tahira M
Published: July 2013

Using Hobfoll’s Conservation of Resources (COR) theory as the theoretical framework, this study explored the effectiveness of organizational communication in attenuating the negative effects associated with job insecurity on employee attitudes, behaviors, and physical health. Data were collected from 639 employees in six different companies. As predicted by COR theory, results suggest that high job insecurity is related to lower job satisfaction, more workplace accidents, and more health complaints. However, employees who perceived higher levels of positive organizational communication practices reported fewer negative consequences of job insecurity compared with employees who reported lower levels of organizational communication. Taken together, it is suggested organizations that make a greater effort to communicate with employees may effectively buffer the potentially negative consequences of job insecurity.
Non-unionised migrant workers in Britain: Evidence from the Labour Force Survey for a triple-challenge model
Authors: Cam Surhan
Published: July 2013

This article employs Labour Force Survey data, using logistic regression modelling, to help rectify the lack of systematic analyses specifically into socioeconomic correlates of migrant workers’ unionisation in Britain. The results provide evidence to assist the development of comprehensive explanations for the obstacles behind migrant workers’ unionisation. The impediments analysed can be considered within what one might call a triple-challenge model comprising of (1) encounter inputs: demographic factors brought into the host society and citizenry rights offered by the host society to migrant workers; (2) accentuated structural factors: workplace characteristics, flexible work and migrant workers’ disproportionate location in less unionised companies with flexible contracts; and (3) knock-on effects: educational and occupational influences along with the impacts of encounter inputs and accentuated structural factors on such influences.
Membership duration in a Spanish union: A survival analysis
Authors: Vidal Sergi , Alós Ramón , Jódar Pere , Beneyto Pere
Published: July 2013

This article presents an analysis of the characteristics that are associated with union membership duration using data from the membership registers of the largest Spanish trade union: Comisiones Obreras (CCOO, Workers’ Commissions). Making use of survival analysis techniques, the results indicate that the shortest membership durations and the highest risks of leaving are associated with workers with poor employment conditions, mainly youth and foreigners, as well as those in firms, economic sectors, and territories where the union has a rather weak presence. As workers in these situations represent the majority of both current joining and leaving rates, the article concludes that retention policies should focus on the early stages of union membership.
Does Gender Influence Participation?
Authors: Hawkins Jaclynn , Kieffer Edith C. , Sinco Brandy , Spencer Michael , Anderson Michael , Rosland Ann-Marie
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of gender on participation in a community-based, culturally tailored diabetes lifestyle intervention, led by trained community health workers (CHW) and conducted with African Americans and Latinos with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

This study utilized data collected from 180 participants. Multivariable binary and cumulative logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between gender and race/ethnicity with study completion and participation in 3 aspects of the intervention: group classes, CHW home visits, and CHW-accompanied doctor visits.

Results

Among Latinos, men were less likely than women to complete the study, attend group classes, and complete CHW home visits. There were no gender differences in participation seen among African Americans.

Conclusions

Diabetes management interventions may need to adapt their designs to optimize retention and participation of Latino men. Among African American men, the CHW model may be promising. Reasons for low participation among Latino men should receive more study. Future studies should assess whether similar findings apply in other communities and populations.
Leaving a Legacy Neutralizes Negative Effects of Death Anxiety on Creativity
Authors: Sligte Daniel J. , Nijstad Bernard A. , De Dreu Carsten K. W.
Published: July 2013

Mortality salience (MS) can lead to a paralyzing terror, and to cope with this, people strive for literal or symbolic immortality. As MS leads to conformity and narrow-mindedness, we predicted that MS would lead to lower creativity, unless creativity itself could lead to leaving a legacy and thus symbolic immortality. We show that this pattern holds (Experiment 1), but only when creativity is socially valued (Experiment 2). Finally, especially individualistic people are more creative under MS when they can leave a legacy than when they cannot, and high originality predicts subsequent accessibility of death thoughts (Experiment 3). Implications are discussed.
Never Let Them See You Cry
Authors: Bernstein Michael J. , Claypool Heather M. , Young Steven G. , Tuscherer Taylor , Sacco Donald F. , Brown Christina M.
Published: July 2013

A debate exists concerning whether exclusion harms self-esteem. We hypothesized that social exclusion does harm self-esteem, but that this effect is evident only when self-presentational concerns to “appear fine” are minimal or people are unable to alter their report of self-esteem. In the first three studies, participants’ explicit and implicit self-esteem were measured following an exclusion or comparison condition where self-presentational pressures were likely high. Because respondents can easily control their reports on explicit measures, but not on implicit ones, we hypothesized that exclusion would result in lower self-esteem only when implicit measures were used. Results confirmed this hypothesis. In the final study, self-presentational concerns were directly manipulated. When self-presentational concerns were high, only implicit self-esteem was lowered by exclusion. But, when such concerns were low, this impact on self-esteem was seen on implicit and explicit measures. Implications for the sociometer hypothesis and the recent self-esteem debate are discussed.
Lung cancer with sarcoid reaction in the lymph nodes following chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Yukawa Takuro , Shimizu Katsuhiko , Hirami Yuji , Maeda Ai , Yasuda Koichiro , Nakata Masao
Published: July 2013

This report describes a case of lung cancer with sarcoid reaction following chemoradiotherapy, showing false-positive accumulation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose on positron-emission tomography in a 55-year-old man. Treatment-related sarcoid reaction should be considered when the accumulation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose shows rapid extension in the course of treatment.
Emergency operation for aortic dissection with ischemic stroke
Authors: Yamashiro Satoshi , Arakaki Ryoko , Kise Yuya , Kuniyoshi Yukio
Published: July 2013

A 68-year-old man lost consciousness while speaking. Computed tomography of the head revealed no hemorrhage or areas of hypodensity. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator was administered. Neck duplex scanning showed dissecting intima of the right common carotid artery. Chest computed tomography disclosed Stanford type A aortic dissection. We performed emergency surgery because the right common carotid artery was severely stenosed. Despite 8 h of surgery due to coagulopathy, the patient was discharged without neurological deficits.
Right infarction response to coronary artery bypass and the Abiomed BVS 5000
Authors: Hisata Yoichi , Hashizume Koji , Tanigawa Kazuyoshi , Miura Takashi , Odate Tomohiro , Eishi Kiyoyuki
Published: July 2013

A 57-year-old man presented with acute right ventricular infarction. A percutaneous coronary intervention was undertaken, but he developed shock and required extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support. Coronary artery bypass was performed, and a Abiomed BVS 5000 was implanted as a right ventricular assist device. Circulation gradually stabilized, and the device was removed after 5 days. There no sign of heart failure or infection at 9 months post-surgery.
Pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta 31 years after mitral valve replacement
Authors: Ikenaga Shigeru , Mikamo Akihito , Kudo Tomoaki , Kurazumi Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryo , Hamano Kimikazu
Published: July 2013

We describe a rare case of an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm 31 years after mitral valve replacement with a Björk-Shiley mechanical valve. The aneurysm presumably expanded gradually during the years following surgery. As the valve was functioning normally, it was left in situ while the ascending aorta was replaced. This report provides valuable information regarding the long-term nature of this patient’s pseudoaneurysm, and the long-term durability of the Björk-Shiley spherical valve in the mitral position.
Relationship between stress and coronary heart disease
Authors: Kurd Bushra Jawaid , Dar Mudassir Iqbal , Shoaib Maria , Malik Laraib , Aijaz Zobia , Asif Iqra
Published: July 2013

Background

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and accounts for 13.7% of deaths in countries like Pakistan. Its association with stress has not been well considered in our setup. Patients with coronary artery disease admitted for coronary artery bypass grafting may have a high prevalence of stress that might increase the risk of adverse outcomes.

Methods

60 patients with coronary artery disease admitted to the Civil Hospital Karachi for coronary artery bypass graft surgery from January 1 to March 31, 2012, were evaluated using a stress evaluation scale.

Results

Stress of varying degrees was found to be a significant independent risk factor in patients with coronary heart disease. Analysis of our collected sample of patients with stress showed 60% with high stress ( p = 0.025) and 36.7% moderate stress ( p = 0.0025). An appreciable relationship was found between stress and patient age, sex, body mass index, blood group, and the incidence of myocardial infarction.

Conclusion

Our study found evidence of an independent causative association between psychological stress and coronary heart disease, of a similar order to the more conventional coronary heart disease risk factors.
Coronary artery surgery in a patient with grossly emphysematous lung
Authors: Nezic Dusko , Bojovic Zeljko , Kecmanovic Vladimir , Boricic Mladen , Milacic Petar , Lausevic-Vuk Ljiljana
Published: July 2013

The pedicled left internal thoracic artery graft is the mandatory conduit in coronary artery bypass surgery. A grossly emphysematous lung may sometimes present a significant problem for positioning of the pedicled left internal thoracic artery conduit. An inverted pedicled left internal thoracic artery graft (internal thoracic artery transected near its origin, thus supplied by retrograde flow from superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries) might occasionally be the conduit of choice for those patients.
Giant-cell aortitis: an unusual case of Bentall operation
Authors: Lemaire Anaïs , Cuttone Fabio , Caprio Sabino , Massetti Massimo , Galateau-Salle Françoise
Published: July 2013

Noninfectious ascending aortitis is a very rare cause of ascending aortic aneurysm. We report a case of the truly fortuitous finding of this rare condition in a 67-year-old man operated on for an ascending aortic aneurysm associated with dystrophic aortic valve regurgitation. Intraoperative inspection revealed dissection of the aorta just above the left main coronary artery. A modified Bentall operation was performed. The pathological diagnosis was giant cell arteritis.
The Gift of Rubens: Rethinking the Concept of Gift-Giving in Early Modern Diplomacy
Authors: Auwers Michael
Published: July 2013

This article investigates Peter Paul Rubens’s diplomatic mission to the court of Charles I of England by order of Philip IV of Spain. Bringing together arguments from diplomatic history, anthropology and art theory, it revises the traditional view of Rubens as a heroic figure who brought peace to England and Spain, and honour to himself. Rubens’s mission to London should be considered instead as a gift sent by Philip IV to Charles I. The diplomatic culture of the early seventeenth century, which underscored the importance of painting as a means of communication and in which reciprocity was regarded as a fundamental mechanism, profoundly influenced the favourable outcomes of both Rubens’s and the Spanish court’s diplomatic strategies. It was not just Rubens’s personality and genius that brought about political change. Rather, it was the symbolic action of the gift and its subsequent materialization in a painting that Rubens donated to Charles I.
Gender and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Self-Reported Levels of Engagement in High School Math and Science Courses
Authors: Martinez Sylvia , Guzman Stephanie
Published: July 2013

While gender and racial/ethnic performance gaps in math and science have been well documented, we know little about how students feel while they are in these courses. Using a sample of 793 high school students who participated in the Experience Sampling Method of the Study of Youth and Social Development, this study examines the gender and racial/ethnic differences in self-reported levels of challenge, a measure of student engagement, while students are in math and science courses. Results from multivariate regression analyses indicate that boys report similar levels of engagement while in math and science classes, but girls do not. While Black female students report lower levels of challenge in math classes, Latina girls report lower levels of challenge while in science class in comparison to other racial/ethnic groups.
Aspirations of Latina Adolescent Suicide Attempters
Authors: Hausmann-Stabile Carolina , Gulbas Lauren , Zayas Luis H.
Published: July 2013

Parents’ aspirations and expectations are communicated to their offspring. Children internalize their parents’ aspirations and accept some of the expectations while rejecting others, all part of the developmental process and identity-consolidation. When the aspirations and expectations of youth and parents are incongruent, the outcomes in youths’ behavior can be deleterious, such as when adolescents manifest suicidal behaviors. We examined aspirations expressed by 12 Latina adolescent suicide attempters and their parents and compared them to 12 nonsuicidal Latinas and parents. Qualitative analyses revealed that incongruence of aspirations between girls and their parents were greater among suicidal teens. Suicidal and nonsuicidal Latinas presented contrasting aspirations: the former on gaining independence and the latter on completing their education and pursuing careers. Findings may inform developmental research and ways in which clinicians and policymakers can help Latinas achieve their own and their parents’ aspirations.
Strength and Respectability
Authors: Johnson Maria S.
Published: July 2013

Black women and girls face conflicting expectations to be both strong and respectable. Studies of their socialization into racialized gender ideals often focus on the influence of society, mothers, and media. In this article, I investigate how black women’s relationships with their fathers shape their responses to racialized gender ideologies. Based on 79 in-depth interviews with 40 college-educated black women between the ages of 18 and 22, the data show that the quality of daughter–father relationships influences how black women navigate discourses of strength and respectability. This study extends research about the transmission of racialized gender ideals by identifying key differences between women with supportive fathers and those with distant, uninvolved fathers. The article concludes with an appeal for further examination of daughter–father relationships and their influence on black women’s meaning making and negotiation of femininity ideals.
Health Shocks in the Family
Authors: Margolis Rachel
Published: July 2013

Objective: This study estimates the likelihood of starting and stopping smoking when respondents and their partners report new chronic illnesses. Method: Analysis of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study tests whether starting or stopping smoking is more likely when (a) the respondent, (b) their partner, (c) or both report a new chronic condition, and whether these patterns differ by gender. Results: Both men and women are more likely to quit smoking when reporting a new chronic condition, relative to when reporting none. However only women are more likely to quit smoking when their partners fall ill. Women are also more likely than men to start smoking at this time. Discussion: Among older couples, women’s smoking changes are more sensitive to health shocks in the partnership. Interventions aimed at preventing unhealthy behaviors should pay attention to how each partner deals with the stress of health shocks.
Factors Related to Positive Mental Health in a Stigmatized Minority
Authors: Lyons Anthony , Pitts Marian , Grierson Jeffrey
Published: July 2013

Objectives:This study investigates factors related to the positive mental health of older Australian gay men, who are challenged by both age- and sexuality-related stigma. Methods: A national online survey was conducted among 422 gay-identified men aged 40 years and older. Positive mental health was measured using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS). Results: Regression analyses revealed men were psychologically healthier if they were employed full-time, had a higher income, were in a relationship, received greater social support, had many close friends, felt connected to the gay community, believed the public felt positively toward their group, and had not experienced discrimination in the past year. A multivariate linear regression found social support to be the most important of all these factors, with support from friends particularly critical. Discussion: These findings provide new guidance to health agencies that seek to improve the mental health and well-being of older gay men.
Dilated common bile duct and deranged liver function tests associated with ketamine use in two HIV-positive MSM
Authors: Zhou Judith , Shaw Simon G , Gilleece Yvonne
Published: July 2013

We report here the first two cases of hepatobiliary pathology in HIV-positive men following recreational use of ketamine: >1 g/day over a 12-month period while on ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy. Presentation in each case was acute with nausea, vomiting and epigastric pain. Alanine aminotransferase was raised at 3.2× and 10.1 × upper limit of normal and alkaline phosphatase was raised at 1.7× and 2.5 × ULN for cases 1 and 2, respectively. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed dilatation of the common bile duct; case 1, 18 mm and case 2, 14 mm with no ductal obstruction on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The symptoms resolved, common bile duct dilatation and liver function improved on discontinuation of ketamine use. Time to development of symptoms is shorter than reported in HIV-negative cases (12 months vs. 4 years) which may be explained by an interaction between ketamine and ritonavir.
Improving clinical governance of HIV treatment programmes in resource poor settings: the role of digitising clinical notes
Authors: Cohen David Y , Parrish Andy G , Sadiq S Tariq
Published: July 2013

Implementing clinical audit in a resource poor setting is often beset by practical issues. Out-sourcing the burden of data analysis may go a long way to facilitating regular audit in a resource poor setting. We investigated the feasibility of using an inexpensive 12-megapixel point-and-shoot digital camera to collect data from clinical notes in a format capable of being sent via secure electronic file transfer for remote analysis. We then performed a pilot audit on this data as a proof of principle.
Factors that determine body composition of female systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in Sri Lanka: a comparative study using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
Authors: Liyanage A , Lekamwasam S , Dissanayake SP , Munidasa D
Published: July 2013

Studies on body composition and its determinants among SLE patients are limited. Estimation of body composition, analysis of determinants and associations of different body compartments are important in planning long-term care of these patients. The aim of the study was to identify the changes in body composition among SLE patients and assess the effect of corticosteroid use, patient and disease-related variables on body composition. We compared lean mass, fat mass, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry technology, in a group of premenopausal women with SLE ( n = 27) and an age-matched healthy group of women ( n = 27). The median (IQR) duration of SLE was 3 (2-5) years while median (IQR) duration and dose of prednisolone therapy were 108 (88 − 172) weeks and 9730 (6160−15360) mg, respectively. No significant difference was observed in body mass index (BMI) or total fat mass between the two groups. SLE patients, however, had significantly lower lean mass ( p < 0.001), BMD ( p < 0.001) and BMC ( p < 0.005) than healthy controls. Among cases, compared with lean mass, total body fat content showed stronger associations with total body BMD ( r = 0.49, p < 0.01) and total body BMC ( r = 0.63, p < 0.01). When a stepwise regression model was fitted, lean mass among controls and total fat mass among cases emerged as the best predictors of BMC/BMD. No significant correlations were found between the disease duration or cumulative glucocorticosteroid dose and total body BMD, total body BMC, lean mass or total fat content in SLE patients.
Low Literacy Attainments in School and Approaches to Diagnosis: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Nag Sonali
Published: July 2013

Reading and writing difficulties are markers for some forms of learning disorders, and measuring the distance between the child’s performance and an expected level of attainment is a common approach to diagnosis. However, there are several problems with relying on the gap between achievement and expectation for arriving at a diagnosis, not least because the approach is essentially blind to the child’s history of opportunity. An alternative approach offers children tiers of individualised programmes, and their changing strengths and weaknesses informs the diagnosis. This article reports the findings of an exploratory study analysing the change scores of ten children who were reading two years behind their class level. We offered a two-tiered language intervention, embedded within a whole class programme, using the children’s narrative writing for examining change. Our findings suggest that the profile of strengths and weaknesses gathered from a school-based intervention is a valuable complement to a clinical assessment.
Discussion of Issues in Differential Response
Authors: Hughes Ronald C. , Rycus Judith S.
Published: July 2013

In this article, the authors responded to nine commentaries by 17 contributors to their article, Issues in Differential Response. The authors found that a majority of the respondents agreed with the major conclusions of Issues in Differential Response. However, there were varying degrees of disagreement regarding the significance of some of the article’s conclusions. The authors point out and discuss the considerable divergence in the respondents’ definitions of differential response (DR), their assessment of DR reform’s empirical support, and their assessment of its potential for progressive development as an evidence-informed model for child welfare practice. The authors conclude that research claims and public belief regarding DR reform’s safety and effectiveness exceed its scientific support, and they make suggestions for improving model building and outcome research for DR reform.
When and How Should Physicians Determine the Need for Palliative and Hospice Care for Patients With End-Stage Liver Disease?
Authors: Lee Po-Chu , Lo Chiao , Ko Wen-Je , Huang Sheng-Jean , Lee Po-Huang
Published: July 2013

We analyzed one case of end-stage liver disease and discussed whether the palliative care should be considered for this case. The medical record of a 56-year-old woman with alcoholic liver cirrhosis admitted to our hospital due to hypovolemic shock and esophageal varices (EV) was reviewed. The EV with active bleeding were arrested by panendoscopic intervention. However, repeat surgery revealed transmural laceration over the cardia, and immediate surgery and splenectomy were needed. The patient died postoperatively in the surgical intensive care unit due to bleeding tendency and hypovolemic shock. We suggest that palliative care and/or hospice care should have been considered for this patient before the crisis developed and that physicians require education about timely palliative and hospice care for patients with end-stage nonmalignant disease.
The Role of Social Support and Work-Related Factors on the School Engagement of Italian High School Students
Authors: Kozan Saliha , Fabio Annamaria Di , Blustein David L. , Kenny Maureen E.
Published: July 2013

This article explores the role of selected work-based constructs and social support in the prediction of school engagement in a sample of Italian high school students. A total of 137 high school students from Central Italy completed measures of social support (including teacher, peer, and parental support), career decision-making satisfaction, career planfulness, and school engagement, each of which had been translated to Italian from English. The results reveal that high levels of career decision-making satisfaction, career planfulness, and teacher support were statistically significant predictors of school engagement. The findings are discussed in relation to career development theory, educational and counseling practice, and prevention.
Modeling Anesthetic Developmental Neurotoxicity Using Human Stem Cells
Authors: Bai Xiaowen , Twaroski Danielle , Bosnjak Zeljko J.
Published: July 2013

Mounting preclinical evidence in rodents and nonhuman primates has demonstrated that prolonged exposure of developing animals to general anesthetics can induce widespread neuronal cell death followed by long-term memory and learning disabilities. In vitro experimental evidence from cultured neonatal animal neurons confirmed the in vivo findings. However, there is no direct clinical evidence of the detrimental effects of anesthetics in human fetuses, infants, or children. Development of an in vitro neurogenesis system using human stem cells has opened up avenues of research for advancing our understanding of human brain development and the issues relevant to anesthetic-induced developmental toxicity in human neuronal lineages. Recent studies from our group, as well as other groups, showed that isoflurane influences human neural stem cell proliferation and neurogenesis, whereas ketamine induces neuroapoptosis. Application of this high throughput in vitro stem cell neurogenesis approach is a major stride toward ensuring the safety of anesthetic agents in young children. This in vitro human model allows us to (1) screen the toxic effects of various anesthetics under controlled conditions during intense neuronal growth, (2) find the trigger for the anesthetic-induced catastrophic chain of toxic events, and (3) develop prevention strategies to avoid this toxic effect. In this article, we reviewed the current findings in anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity studies, specifically focusing on the in vitro human stem cell model.
Consumers’ Emotional Responses and Emotion Regulation Strategies During Multistage Waiting in Restaurants
Authors: Kim Seontaik , Miao Li , Magnini Vincent P.
Published: July 2013

Service consumption often involves waiting during the different stages of the delivery process. This research examines the effect of multistage waiting on consumers’ emotional responses and emotion regulation strategies. The study is conducted at a virtual restaurant in Second Life, an online simulation website. The results show that there is a significant interaction effect between consumption stage and the type of emotional responses. Although both anxiety and anger are the most intense emotions felt during preprocess waiting, anxiety is the strongest emotion felt during in-process waiting, and anger is the most salient emotional reaction during postprocess waiting. Results also indicate that there is a significant interaction effect between consumption stage and the type of emotion regulation strategies used by consumers. Attentional deployment and reappraisal are dominant emotion regulation strategies used by consumers during preprocess waiting; in addition, reappraisal and attentional deployment are the predominant strategies used during in-process waiting and postprocess waiting, respectively. The theoretical, methodological, and managerial contributions of the results are also discussed.
Patients' and carers' views on communication and information provision when undergoing assessments in memory services
Authors: Abley Clare , Manthorpe Jill , Bond John , Keady John , Samsi Kritika , Campbell Sarah , Watts Sue , Robinson Louise
Published: July 2013

Objectives

To explore patients' and carers' views on what constitutes high-quality communication and information provision during diagnostic assessment in memory clinic services in three areas of England.

Methods

Interviews with 27 people with cognitive impairment (13 with confirmed dementia) and 26 carers (20 matched pairs). Interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Interview transcripts were subject to constant comparative analysis; data interpretation occurred in ‘data clinics’.

Results

People with memory problems undergoing assessment often have unmet information needs, especially patients with a diagnosis other than Alzheimer's disease and those who do not receive a diagnosis. Patients wish to be kept informed about both the assessment and its outcomes. Some have unrealistic expectations of the process (expecting assessment and diagnosis to be complete in two weeks) and some experience what appear to be long delays (over 12 months) in receiving results. Most appreciated clear and honest communication about any diagnosis. Post-diagnostic groups, organized by local memory services, afford opportunities to learn practical strategies and gain informal peer support. Voluntary organizations may be an essential source of information.

Conclusions

Communication and information need improvement for patients undergoing assessment for possible dementia, especially for those considered unlikely to benefit from medication and those with mild cognitive impairment.