bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying evolutionary thinking to public health
Authors: Stearns Stephen C. , Medzhitov Ruslan
Published: July 2024

This chapter applies evolutionary thinking to issues in public health. It first discusses the conflicts between individual and societal interests, the socio-economic determinants of health, and the global burden of disease. Phenotypic responses to mismatch help to explain metabolic diseases. Important population consequences of individual decisions include the herd immunity produced by vaccination and its breakdown when too few people get vaccinated and the evolution of antibiotic resistance through the accumulation of many decisions to treat individuals. Emerging diseases are public health problems increasingly affected by population growth and global change. Vaccination is a key option for controlling them. We discuss vaccine development and application for influenza, Ebola, Covid-19, and HIV/AIDS.
Relationships
Authors: Ganz Marshall
Published: July 2024

In this chapter the author focuses on the foundational importance of relationships, highlighting why civic relationships are the threads with which robust democracy is woven. According to Tocqueville, civic relationships or associations are important because they facilitate learning, solidarity, and self-governance. Civic relationships are based on a commitment to shared purpose or values as the moral foundation of a political community. The author then discusses how leaders practice relationship-building in any given campaign depending on overall campaign strategy. The author then shows how organizers can create collective capacity through the purposeful formation of civic relationships that can enable democracy to work.
Conclusion
Authors: Ganz Marshall
Published: July 2024

This conclusive chapter reflects on the interplay of leadership, organizing, and action in practicing democracy. The five core practices of building relationships, storytelling, strategizing, acting, and structuring are based on the belief that all people can learn, grow, and shape their destiny in concert with others. The chapter then features how the global financial crisis of 2008 and the COVID-19 crisis negatively affected people, which further highlighted the divide between those in power and privilege and those who are not. In the United States, real challenges to the status quo have often come in the form of social movements. The chapter then elaborates on the work and purpose of movements.
Dreaming the New Woman
Authors: Bond Jennifer
Published: July 2024

Dreaming the New Woman uncovers the voices of Chinese women who attended Protestant missionary schools for girls in the early twentieth century. It is an oral history based on seventy-five interviews with alumnae from five girls’ middle schools across East China, including McTyeire and St. Mary’s in Shanghai, Riverside Academy in Ningbo, Hangzhou Union Girls’ School in Hangzhou, and the Laura Haygood School in Suzhou. In the past, missionary schoolgirls have been labeled “foreign puppets” or have been seen as “passive recipients” of a Western-style education. This book puts at the center of the analysis pupils’ own understanding of what it meant to be female, Chinese, and possibly Christian during the wars and revolutions of the first half of China’s turbulent twentieth century. By focusing on the experiences of women who attended these schools, the book provides fresh perspectives on the role of Christianity in the emergence of the Chinese New Woman. It explores how students experimented with new roles as they tried on overlapping school, Christian, patriotic, gendered, and Communist identities. In the process they envisioned a new form of gendered Christian modernity which became a part of an elite identity for Chinese women in the Republican era.
Engaging in YPAR With Early Elementary School Students
Authors: Morizio Laura J.
Published: July 2024

Through participation in youth participatory action research (YPAR), young children can exercise their right to make positive changes within their communities. The physical spaces that are shared throughout the YPAR process can provide children with a safe environment within which they can explore and process feelings around complex social issues affecting them. One promising avenue through which to engage early elementary students in YPAR is through the use of expressive methods that can take the shape of various forms of creative expression, including but not limited to art, music, drama, dance, writing, storytelling, and shared reading. The use of expressive methods within a YPAR framework can help center young students’ voices as they communicate personal beliefs and explore ideas for collective community growth and development. This chapter provides an example case applying expressive methods using arts and shared reading in YPAR, illustrating the use of multiple techniques to create an accessible environment for participants.
Brewers and brewing spaces
Authors: Paulette Tate
Published: July 2024

The chapter “Brewers and Brewing Spaces” introduces the brewers of ancient Mesopotamia and the spaces where they brewed their beer. It begins with a visit to two breweries excavated in the ancient cities of Girsu and Lagash. The chapter then explores three brewing locales: brewery, tavern, and home. The discussion of breweries begins with the written evidence for brewers and breweries, before turning to the archaeological remains of several possible breweries uncovered. The discussion of taverns begins with the archaeological evidence for taverns and then returns to the Epic of Gilgamesh and Shiduri, tavern keeper at the edge of the world. A look at naditu priestesses and the tavern business then leads into a broader consideration of the written evidence for tavern keepers. The discussion of homebrewing begins with a series of letters that reference brewing in the home and then turns to the archaeological evidence for homebrewing.
Lobbying for the Priesthood, 1970–1973
Authors: Harris Matthew L.
Published: July 2024

This chapter looks at two athletic protests—by Colorado State University and the University of Washington—which forced the church to wage an aggressive public relations campaign to defend Mormon racial teachings. This chapter also addresses how Black Latter-day Saints pressed church leaders to grant Black men the priesthood and Black families access to Mormon temples. In response, the First Presidency appointed three apostles—Gordon B. Hinckley, Thomas S. Monson, and Boyd K. Packer—to meet with Black Latter-day Saints Ruffin Bridgeforth, Darius Gray, and Eugene Orr, who demanded the priesthood. The church didn’t give in to their demands, but the leadership allowed Black Latter-day Saints to form a support group called Genesis so they could hold their own monthly worship services under the guidance of White priesthood holders.
The Maṟavaṉīśvaragṛhattu Mahādeva of Ciṟupaḻuvūr
Authors: Gillet Valérie
Published: July 2024

The construction by the Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyars of a small shrine next to the Tiruvālantuṟai Mahādeva, the Maṟavaṉīśvara, constitutes the subject of the fifth and last chapter. Constructed by at least the early 10th century, the Maṟavaṉīśvara was almost abandoned until recently. The inscriptions from the first half of the 10th century engraved on its walls record donations made to the nearby Tiruvālantuṟai Mahādeva, indicating the intrinsic relation between these two temples at that time. It is only by the second half of the 10th century, when the Tiruvālantuṟai Mahādeva was reconstructed in stone and donations were engraved on its walls, that gifts were made to the Maṟavaṉīśvara only. This did not last long, though. By the end of the 10th century, donations were no longer inscribed on the walls of the short-lived Maṟavaṉīśvara temple.
Maternal and Infant Health
Authors: van Dijk Ingrid K. , Lazuka Volha , Quaranta Luciana
Published: July 2024

This chapter examines the development of maternal and infant mortality and its connection to changes in medical and healthcare treatment of mothers and infants in the city of Landskrona, Sweden, and its rural hinterland between 1905 and 2015. The authors show that maternal mortality, stillbirth rates, and infant mortality declined strongly in this period. In parallel, hospitals began to admit more women for childbirth and modernized their facilities, offering first more space and later neonatal intensive care. In addition, new medicines arrived, such as sulfa antibiotics against infant pneumonia and penicillin against most infections, and these proved efficient in surgical intervention around childbirth. Newly opened infant healthcare centers provided preventive care. The authors apply intervention analysis to the time series of mortality rates and find that most of these institutional reforms in medical and health care were related to lower stillbirth rates and higher survival of infants.
Introduction
Authors: Rose Deondra
Published: July 2024

The introduction presents the book’s core argument, describing how education has played a central role in American political development and offering an overview of HBCUs—the distinctive educational institutions whose work has driven key changes in the American democratic landscape. The chapter highlights the contributions HBCUs have made to the US educational and political landscape, paying particular attention to the disproportionate representation of HBCU alumni among Black elected officials. It also discusses the role HBCUs have played in shaping the political landscape and development of the American state. Last, it outlines the role that government has played in HBCU development and explains how government programs that have contributed to the growth of HBCUs have left a powerful mark on the political landscape, promoting the development of Black citizens through the transmission of politically relevant knowledge, helping to build politically relevant skills, promoting political efficacy, and fostering a commitment to service.
A unified theory of Case form and Case meaning
Authors: Crisma Paola , Guardiano Cristina , Longobardi Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

The syntax of Genitive is shown to be the key to eliminate all proposed partitions of Case into grammatically relevant subclasses, in favour of only one distinction: that between interpretable and uninterpretable Case features. This reduction of Case types to [±interpretable], once combined with other minimalist assumptions and some Case-checking hypotheses, nearly exhausts the core grammar of Genitive in various languages. The mapping of Genitive syntax to the Conceptual-Intentional system in terms of just [±interpretable] is shown to be always straightforward, even if the interpretable and uninterpretable instantiations are distinguishable in certain languages and systematically ambiguous in others. The mapping to the Sensory-Motor system is more articulate and partly idiosyncratic: still, it is translated into a principled and deductive parametric structure, that is set from positive evidence and guided by a number of plausible, independently proposed Third Factor conditions.
Book 7
Authors: Brockliss William
Published: July 2024

Book 7 introduces a character (Ajax) and a structure (the Achaean wall), who/which will serve as the twin defenses of the Achaeans in the upcoming battles. The construction of the wall in the tenth year of the war has posed a problem for scholars: some regard it as an undesirable addition to the poem, while others defend its inclusion in the Iliad. Iliad 7 also explores the dichotomy of permanence and impermanence, which will be important in the remaining books. The grave of an enemy will serve as a lasting memorial to Hector’s fame, but the destruction of the wall and the grave mound beneath it, anticipated in book 7, suggest the impermanence of human memorials. Meanwhile, the funerary rites of book 7 and Hector’s duel with Ajax establish a standard of civility that sets in stark relief the abusive behaviors dominating much of the rest of the poem.
Book 8
Authors: Minchin Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

The battle scenes of book 8 are in many respects unremarkable, and yet the events narrated here are pivotal in the Iliad’s story: as a result of this day’s battle, the Achaeans will send an embassy to Achilles to seek his return to the fighting. This chapter discusses the friction between the Olympian gods as Zeus favors the Trojans, the transmission of messages from Olympus and mortals’ interpretation of those messages, Zeus’s use of his golden scales, and his prophecy outlining the events of the following day. The chapter looks too at the concept of reciprocity that underpins Homeric society, the poet’s references to the story of Heracles, forms of combat in the Iliad, the aristeia, the relationship between Diomedes and Nestor, and Hector’s excess of confidence. The chapter considers narrative strategies (suspense, curiosity, and surprise), retardation, the poet’s use of lists, character text and speech acts, and audience engagement.
Book 11
Authors: Alden Maureen
Published: July 2024

Agamemnon’s arming scene prefaces the battle narrative of book 11. Similes illustrate the massed fighting: the troops are mown down like corn. Agamemnon and the Greek leaders are compared to lions and boars, the Trojans to (less heroic) dogs and cattle. Agamemnon’s brutality is motivated by his desire for poinē (revenge): he and the other Greek leaders reject the supplications and apoina (ransom) offered by their Trojan victims. The pathos of the slaughter of young Trojans is increased by brief obituaries and personal details. Assured by Zeus of success until nightfall, Hector enters battle when Agamemnon departs. When other Greek leaders are wounded and retreat, Achilles sends Patroclus to Nestor, who plants in Patroclus’s mind the idea that he could be the hero of the hour, as Nestor was in the para-narrative he tells him about his own role in the Pylian wars. Authorial comment indicates foreshadowing of Patroclus’s death.
Book 13
Authors: Ready Jonathan L.
Published: July 2024

Book 12 ends with the Achaeans in flight from Hector as he breaks through the wall surrounding their encampment. Poseidon’s machinations in book 13 reverse for a moment what looks like an imminent Trojan victory. Under the category of themes, this chapter discusses epiphanies, the warriors’ relative status, and their insulting speeches. It then considers Trojan guilt, the characterization of Hector and of Zeus, and vividness. Under the category of poetics, it discusses epic retardation, type scenes, the construction of minor characters, and Homeric nods (apparent errors on the part of the poet).
Work and Play in the Shadow of AI
Authors: Tasioulas John
Published: July 2024

AI promises to be a means of enabling us to perform more efficiently a whole range of activities that standardly have required the exercise of human cognitive powers. As such, it poses a particular challenge. What does it mean to find fulfilment as a human being in a world in which AI-based systems are undertaking tasks that have characteristically given human life its point? Most particularly, what happens if AI begins to make work redundant? Might games replace work as a source of achievement? The author suggests that there are distinctive aspects of work that will be difficult to replace.
Blame Avoidance and Critical Language Awareness
Authors: Hansson Sten
Published: July 2024

To hold on to power, officeholders may try to use language in ways that would impair the public understanding of harmful events and their causes, and derail debates over blame issues. It is therefore necessary to develop an approach to governmental blame avoidance that focuses on critical language awareness—citizens’ improved understanding of social and political functions of language with a special consideration of how various discursive strategies of persuasion are used within struggles for power. This chapter presents a conceptual framework that integrates the contemporary methods of critical discourse studies—an important source of critical language awareness—with current knowledge of administrative blame avoidance. It shows how we could look beyond officeholders’ well-known presentational strategies such as denials and justifications to understand more broadly how blame-takers and their deeds are represented in text and talk in particular ways that could modify the public perception of blame.
Parties and the Regulation of Armed Conflict through Collective Entities
Authors: Wentker Alexander
Published: July 2024

Chapter 1 analyses the various ways in which the rules of the international legal framework regulating armed conflict are organised by reference to the parties as collective entities. The analysis demonstrates that party status continues to hold a central place in that regulatory framework. At one level, parties are key addressees of international law provisions regulating armed conflict. To specify what legal difference being ‘at war’ still makes, the chapter discusses the extent to which international law places restrictions on parties and grants them permissions that they would not otherwise have. Moving to another level, the chapter explains how the legal position of individuals in armed conflict depends on the nature of their connection to parties. This reveals that the legal positions of the parties and individuals are inextricably intertwined, balancing the collective character of the legal regulation of warfare with its humanisation and individualisation. Finally, the chapter outlines how international humanitarian law establishes its geographical scope of application by reference to parties.
Dr Arnold
Authors: Strachey Lytton
Published: July 2024

DR ARNOLD
XIII
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

He had expected to find Undine still out; but on the stairs he crossed Mrs Shallum, who threw at him from under an immense hat-brim: ‘Yes, she’s in, but you’d better come and have tea with me at the Luxe. I don’t think husbands...
XXVII
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

She was still brooding over this last failure when one afternoon, as she loitered on the hotel terrace, she was approached by a young woman whom she had seen sitting near the wheeled chair of an old lady wearing a crumpled black...
XXXIII
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

The upshot of Ralph’s visit was that Mr Spragg, after considerable deliberation, agreed, pending farther negotiations between the opposing lawyers, to undertake that no attempt should be made to remove Paul from his father’s custody. Nevertheless, he seemed to think it quite natural that...
XXXIX
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

Undine did not fulfil her threat. The month of May saw her back in the rooms she had declared she would never set foot in, and after her long sojourn among the echoing vistas of Saint Désert the exiguity of her Paris...
XLI
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

The incident left Undine with the baffled feeling of not being able to count on any of her old weapons of aggression. In all her struggles for authority her sense of the rightfulness of her cause had been measured by her power of making...
XLIII
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

She watched him go in a kind of stupor, knowing that when they next met he would be as courteous and self-possessed as if nothing had happened, but that everything would nevertheless go on in the same way—in his way—and...
XLIV
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

Undine had been right in supposing that her husband would expect their life to go on as before. There was no appreciable change in the situation save that he was more often absent—finding abundant reasons, agricultural and political, for frequent trips to...
XLV
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

She advanced into the room and slowly looked about her. The big vulgar writing-table wreathed in bronze was heaped with letters and papers. Among them stood a lapis bowl in a Renaissance mounting of enamel and a vase of Phenician glass that was like...
I
Authors: Conrad Joseph
Published: July 2024

Only the young have such moments. I don’t mean the very young. No. The very young have, properly speaking, no moments. It is the privilege of early youth to live in advance of its days in all the beautiful continuity of hope which knows...
Chapter I
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

IT all came to me one election day. It was on a warm California afternoon, and I had ridden down into the Valley of the Moon* from the ranch to the little village to vote yes and no to a host of proposed...
Chapter VII
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

I WAS barely turned fifteen, and working long hours in a cannery.* Month in and month out, the shortest day I ever worked was ten hours. When to ten hours of actual work at a machine is added the noon hour; the walking...
Chapter XI
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

AND still there arose in me no desire for alcohol, no chemical demand. In years and years of heavy drinking, drinking did not beget the desire. Drinking was the way of the life I led, the way of the men with whom I lived. While...
Chapter XVII
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

NORTH we raced from the Bonin Islands to pick up the seal-herd, and north we hunted it for a hundred days into frosty, wintry weather and into and through vast fogs which hid the sun from us for a week at a time. It was...
Chapter XVIII
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

MY infatuation for the Oakland water-front was quite dead. I didn’t like the looks of it nor the life. I didn’t care for the drinking, nor the vagrancy of it, and I wandered back to the Oakland Free Library and read the books with greater...
Chapter XX
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

THE jute mills failed of its agreement to increase my pay to a dollar and a quarter a day, and I, a free-born American boy whose direct ancestors had fought in all the wars from the old pre-Revolutionary Indian wars down, exercised my sovereign right...
Chapter XXV
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

AFTER the laundry, my sister and her husband grubstaked me into the Klondike.* It was the first gold rush into that region, the early fall rush of 1897. I was twenty-one years old, and in splendid physical condition. I remember, at the end...
Chapter XXVI
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

HAVING burned my one ship,* I plunged into writing. I am afraid I always was an extremist. Early and late I was at it—writing, typing, studying grammar, studying writing and all the forms of writing, and studying the writers who succeeded in order...
Chapter XXXI
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

BUT the same stimulus to the human organism will not continue to produce the same response. By and by I discovered there was no kick at all in one cocktail. One cocktail left me dead. There was no glow, no laughter tickle. Two or three...
Chapter XXXV
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

BUT the freight has to be paid. John Barleycorn began to collect, and he collected not so much from the body as from the mind. The old long sickness, which had been purely an intellectual sickness, recrudesced. The old ghosts, long laid, lifted their heads...
CHAPTER III
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

Denham had accused Katharine Hilbery of belonging to one of the most distinguished families in England, and if anyone will take the trouble to consult Mr Galton’s Hereditary Genius,* he will find that this assertion is not far from the...
CHAPTER XII
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

‘Is Mr Hilbery at home, or Mrs Hilbery?’ Denham asked, of the parlourmaid in Chelsea, a week later.

‘No, sir. But Miss Hilbery is at home,’ the girl answered.

Ralph had anticipated many answers, but not this one, and now it was unexpectedly made plain...
CHAPTER XIII
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

The lunch hour in the office was only partly spent by Denham in the consumption of food. Whether fine or wet, he passed most of it pacing the gravel paths in Lincoln’s Inn Fields. The children got to know his figure, and the sparrows...
CHAPTER XXI
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

Mary walked to the nearest station and reached home in an incredibly short space of time, just so much, indeed, as was needed for the intelligent understanding of the news of the world as the Westminster Gazette* reported it. Within a...
CHAPTER XXV
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

At a quarter-past three in the afternoon of the following Saturday Ralph Denham sat on the bank of the lake in Kew Gardens, dividing the dial-plate of his watch into sections with his forefinger. The just and inexorable nature of time itself was reflected...
CHAPTER XXIX
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

Between twelve and one that Sunday night Katharine lay in bed, not asleep, but in that twilight region where a detached and humorous view of our own lot is possible; or if we must be serious, our seriousness is tempered by the swift oncome...
CHAPTER XXXIV
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

The lamps were lit; their lustre reflected itself in the polished wood; good wine was passed round the dinner-table; before the meal was far advanced civilization had triumphed, and Mr Hilbery presided over a feast which came to wear more and more surely an...
Chapter I
Authors: Conrad Joseph
Published: July 2024

In the time of Spanish rule, and for many years afterwards, the town of Sulaco*—the luxuriant beauty of the orange gardens bears witness to its antiquity—had never been commercially anything more important than a coasting port with a fairly large local trade...
Chapter IV
Authors: Conrad Joseph
Published: July 2024

All the morning Nostromo had kept his eye from afar on the Casa Viola, even in the thick of the hottest scrimmage near the Custom House. “If I see smoke rising over there,” he thought to himself, “they are lost.” Directly the mob had...
Chapter V
Authors: Conrad Joseph
Published: July 2024

In this way only was the power of the local authorities vindicated amongst the great body of strong-limbed foreigners who dug the earth, blasted the rocks, drove the engines for the “progressive and patriotic undertaking.” In these very words eighteen months before the Excelentísimo...
Chapter VII
Authors: Conrad Joseph
Published: July 2024

Mrs. Gould was too intelligently sympathetic not to share that feeling. It made life exciting, and she was too much of a woman not to like excitement. But it frightened her, too, a little; and when Don José Avellanos, rocking in the American chair,...
Chapter I
Authors: Conrad Joseph
Published: July 2024

Through good and evil report in the varying fortune of that struggle which Don José had characterised in the phrase, “the fate of national honesty trembles in the balance,” the Gould Concession, “Imperium in Imperio,” had gone on working; the square mountain had gone...
Chapter V
Authors: Conrad Joseph
Published: July 2024

The Gould carriage was the first to return from the harbour to the empty town. On the ancient pavement, laid out in patterns, sunk into ruts and holes, the portly Ignacio, mindful of the springs of the Parisian-built landau, had pulled up to a...
Chapter I
Authors: Conrad Joseph
Published: July 2024

Directly the cargo boat had slipped away from the wharf and got lost in the darkness of the harbour the Europeans of Sulaco separated, to prepare for the coming of the Monterist regime, which was approaching Sulaco from the mountains, as well...
Chapter V
Authors: Conrad Joseph
Published: July 2024

During the night the expectant populace had taken possession of all the belfries in the town in order to welcome Pedrito Montero, who was making his entry after having slept the night in Rincón. And first came straggling in through the land gate the...
Chapter XI
Authors: Conrad Joseph
Published: July 2024

Sulaco outstripped Nostromo’s prudence, growing rich swiftly on the hidden treasures of the earth, hovered over by the anxious spirits of good and evil, torn out by the labouring hands of the people. It was like a second youth, like a new life, full...
Mr Bennett and Mrs Brown
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

The other day Mr Arnold Bennett, himself one of the most famous of the Edwardians, surveyed the younger generation and said: ‘I admit that for myself I cannot yet descry any coming big novelist’.* And that, let us say in passing, is...
The Art of Biography
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

I

The art of biography, we say—but at once go on to ask, Is biography an art? The question is foolish perhaps, and ungenerous certainly, considering the keen pleasure that biographers have given us. But the question asks itself so often that there must...
Why?
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

When the first number of Lysistrata appeared, I confess that I was deeply disappointed. It was so well printed, on such good paper. It looked established, prosperous. As I turned the pages it seemed to me that wealth must have descended upon...
The Cinema
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

People say that the savage no longer exists in us, that we are at the fag end of civilisation, that everything has been said already and that it is too late to be ambitious. But these philosophers have presumably forgotten the movies. They have...
Street Haunting: A London Adventure
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

No one perhaps has ever felt passionately towards a lead pencil. But there are circumstances in which it can become supremely desirable to possess one; moments when we are set upon having an object, an excuse for walking half across London between tea and...
Flying Over London
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

Fifty or sixty aeroplanes were collected in the shed like a flock of grasshoppers. The grasshopper has the same enormous thighs, the same little boatshaped body resting between its thighs, and if touched with a blade of grass, he, too, springs high into the...
Chapter 2
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

Nine months previously Kreisler had arrived in Paris at the Gare de Lyon,* from Italy. He had left Rome because the italian creditor is such a bad-tempered fellow, and he could never get any sleep after 8—or latterly 7.30—even, in the morning....

‘Dear...
Chapter 4
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

Kreisler pocketed Ernst’s hundred-mark note and made no further attempts upon the formerly hospitable income of his friend, for he was a proud sponger: but debts began accumulating. Thereupon he made a disquieting discovery: he found he had suddenly grown timid with his creditors....
Chapter 5
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

On the first morning of his letter being overdue, a convenient manner of counting, Otto rose late from a maze of shallow and sluggishly protracted dreams, and was soon dressed, wanting to get out of his room. As the clock struck one he slammed...
Chapter 9
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

Destiny has more power over the superstitious: they attract constantly bright fortunes and disasters within their circle. Destiny had laid its trap in the unconscious Kreisler. It had fixed it with powerful violent springs.—Eight days later (dating from the Observatoire meeting) it snapped down...
Chapter 1
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

Some days later, in the evening, Tarr was to be found in a strange place. Decidedly, his hosts could not have explained it, how he got there: he displayed no consciousness of the anomaly. For the second time—after dining with her and her following...
Chapter 7
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

Tarr had Anastasya in solitary promenade two days after this conversation. He had worked the first stage consummately: he swam with ease beside his big hysterical black swan, seeming to guide her with a golden halter. They were swimming at the moment with august...
Chapter 3
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

The passionate effervescence gradually subsided: but the child of this eruption remained: the group of Poles found the legacy of the uproar as cold as its cause had been hot: Bitzenko inspired respect as he scratched his beard, which smelt of tobacco, and wrinkled...
Chapter 5
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

The new partnership of Kreisler and Bitzenko was one purely of action: but a miraculous solidarity resulted upon the spot and they operated as one man. Their schemes and energies flew direct from mind to mind, without the need for words; Bitzenko with his...
Chapter 4
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

Tarr crawled towards Bertha that day upon the back of a St. Germain omnibus: as he crawled his mind lazily wandered in the new scene to whose first landmarks he had now grown accustomed. He also turned back into the old with a fresh...
Chapter II
Authors: Lewis Sinclair
Published: July 2024

I

Relieved of Babbitt’s bumbling and the soft grunts with which his wife expressed the sympathy she was too experienced to feel and much too experienced not to show, their bedroom settled instantly into impersonality.

It gave on the sleeping-porch. It served both of them...
Chapter IX
Authors: Lewis Sinclair
Published: July 2024

I

Babbitt was fond of his friends, he loved the importance of being host and shouting, “Certainly, you’re going to have smore chicken—the idea!” and he appreciated the genius of T. Cholmondeley Frink, but the vigor of the cocktails was gone, and the more...
Chapter XI
Authors: Lewis Sinclair
Published: July 2024

I

They had four hours in New York between trains. The one thing Babbitt wished to see was the Pennsylvania Hotel,* which had been built since his last visit. He stared up at it, muttering, “Twenty-two hundred rooms and twenty-two hundred baths!...
Chapter XXII
Authors: Lewis Sinclair
Published: July 2024

I

He drove to the City Prison, not blindly, but with unusual fussy care at corners, the fussiness of an old woman potting plants. It kept him from facing the obscenity of fate.

The attendant said, “Naw, you can’t see any of the prisoners till...
Chapter XXIII
Authors: Lewis Sinclair
Published: July 2024

I

He was busy, from March to June. He kept himself from the bewilderment of thinking. His wife and the neighbors were generous. Every evening he played bridge or attended the movies, and the days were blank of face and silent.

In June, Mrs. Babbitt...
Chapter XXVII
Authors: Lewis Sinclair
Published: July 2024

I

The strike which turned Zenith into two belligerent camps, white and red, began late in September with a walk-out of telephone girls and linemen, in protest against a reduction of wages. The newly formed union of dairy-products workers went out, partly in sympathy...
Chapter XXVIII
Authors: Lewis Sinclair
Published: July 2024

Miss
Mcgoun came into his private office at three in the afternoon with “Lissen, Mr. Babbitt; there’s a Mrs. Judique on the ’phone—wants to see about some repairs, and the salesmen are all out. Want to talk to her?”

“All right.”

The voice of Tanis...
Chapter XXXIII
Authors: Lewis Sinclair
Published: July 2024

I

He tried to explain to his wife, as they prepared for bed, how objectionable was Sheldon Smeeth, but all her answer was, “He has such a beautiful voice—so spiritual. I don’t think you ought to speak of him like that just because you...
The Aeroplanes at Brescia
Authors: Kafka Franz
Published: July 2024

With delight La Sentinella Bresciana announces: We have unprecedented crowds of people in Brescia, not seen even in the days of the great automobile races; distinguished foreign visitors from Venetia, Liguria, Piedmont, Tuscany, Rome, even from as far as Naples, great lords...
The Rider on the Coal-Scuttle
Authors: Kafka Franz
Published: July 2024

All the coal used up; the scuttle empty; the shovel useless; the stove breathing cold; the room filled with frosty air; the trees outside the window stiff with rime; the heavens a silver shield against anyone looking to them for help. I must have...
Blumfeld, an Elderly Bachelor
Authors: Kafka Franz
Published: July 2024

One evening Blumfeld, an elderly bachelor, was going upstairs to his flat, a laborious climb, for he lived on the sixth floor. As he climbed he thought, as he often had of late, how wearisome was this utterly lonely life he led, how he...
Investigations of a Dog
Authors: Kafka Franz
Published: July 2024

How my life has changed, and yet how, deep down, it has not! When I think back now and recall the times when I still lived in the midst of the pack, shared all their troubles, a dog among dogs, still, looking at it more...
Aphorisms
Authors: Kafka Franz
Published: July 2024

1. The true way passes over a rope which is not stretched high up, but just above the ground. It seems to be intended more for stumbling than for crossing.

2. All human flaws are impatience, cutting off systematic thought prematurely, seemingly fencing off the...
Karl’s Uncle
Authors: Kafka Franz
Published: July 2024

In his uncle’s house Karl soon got used to his new circumstances. His uncle, moreover, was very helpful in every detail, and Karl never had to learn from unpleasant experiences, such as usually make the beginning of one’s life in a new country so...
A Country House near New York
Authors: Kafka Franz
Published: July 2024

‘We’re there,’ said Mr Pollunder at one of the moments when Karl’s attention had wandered. The automobile was standing in front of a country house, which, as usual with rich people’s country houses in the neighbourhood of New York, was loftier and more...
Fragments
Authors: Kafka Franz
Published: July 2024

Brunelda’s Departure

One morning Karl pushed the invalid carriage in which Brunelda was sitting out of the gateway. It was no longer so early as he had hoped. They had agreed to undertake their migration * during the night in order not...
The Phantom of the Opera
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

A mysterious Phantom haunts the depths of the Paris Opera House where he has fallen passionately in love with the beautiful singer Christine Daaé. Under his guidance her singing rises to new heights and she is triumphantly acclaimed. But Christine is also loved by Raoul de Chagny, and by returning his love she makes the fiend she knows as the Angel of Music mad with jealousy. When the Phantom is finally unmasked, will Christine see beyond his hideous disfigurement? The twists and turns of Leroux’s thrilling story have captivated readers since its very first appearance in 1910, and its outlines are known to many more who have seen it on stage or film. This new translation is as full-blooded and sensational as the original.

David Coward’s introduction tells the fascinating story of the novel’s genesis, and his thorough notes further illuminate details of the narrative. Christine’s plight, the fate of Erik, and the redemptive power of love make an unforgettable novel.
A Visit to Box 5
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

We left Messrs Firmin Richard and Armand Moncharmin at the moment when they had just decided to ‘take a closer look’ at Box 5 on the grand tier.

Leaving behind them the wide staircase which leads from the lobby next to their office to the...
Above the Traps
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

He saw her again at the Opera the following day. The gold ring was still on her finger. She was sweet and friendly. She talked about his plans for the future and his career. He told her the date for the departure of the...
A Strange Request for a Safety Pin
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

On the stage there was total confusion. Performers, stagehands, dancers, walkers-on, figurantes, members of the chorus, subscribers all asking questions, shouting, jostling one another.

‘What happened to her?’

‘She’s been kidnapped!’

‘By the Viscount de Chagny!’

‘No, by the Count!’

‘Look, there’s Carlotta! She did...
‘Christine! Christine!’
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

Following Christine Daaé’s startlingly phantasmagoric disappearance, Raoul’s first thought had been to suspect Erik. He was no longer in any doubt that the Angel of Music possessed almost supernatural powers, at least within the purlieus of the Opera House where he had established his...
The Viscount and the Persian
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

Raoul recalled that one evening, during a performance, his brother had pointed out an inscrutable individual about whom nothing was known, except that once somebody had said he was Persian and that he lived in a small apartment in the Rue de Rivoli.

The man...
Concerning the interesting and instructive ordeals undergone by the Persian in the belly of the Opera
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

The Persian’s Tale

The Persian has left his own account of how he had tried, always in vain until that night, to get into the house by crossing the lake; how he discovered the back way in from the third level; and, finally, how...
Inside the Torture Chamber
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

The Persian’s Tale Continued

We were standing in the middle of a small room in the shape of a hexagon. All six walls were lined with plate mirrors from floor to ceiling. To every angle was added a section of reflecting glass which turned...
The Torture Begins
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

The Persian’s Tale Continued

The voice repeated the question angrily:

‘What have you done with my bag and my keys?’

Christine Daaé could not afford to show fear any more than we could to feel it.

‘Was that why you asked me to untie you,...
‘Any old barrels!… Barrels!… Any old barrels for sale?’
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

The Persian’s Tale Continued

I have explained that the chamber in which the Viscount and I found ourselves was a regular hexagon lined from floor to ceiling with reflecting glass. Since those days, certain shows and exhibitions have featured exact replicas of such...
The End of the Phantom’s Love Story
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

At this point, the Persian’s written account breaks off abruptly.

Despite their grim predicament which seemed to spell certain death for both of them, the Viscount de Chagny and his companion were saved by Christine Daaé with an act of supreme devotion. The rest of...
The Lost Works of Nondemocratic Rule
Authors: Morgenbesser Lee
Published: July 2024

Conventional wisdom holds that the study of nondemocratic rule unfolded in three broad phases: the totalitarian paradigm of the 1950s–1960s; the authoritarian model of the 1970s–1980s; and the post-transitology outlook of the late 1990s onward. This chapter challenges this understanding by reviving twenty-nine “lost” comparative books published between 1875 and 1948. It answers two core questions. First, why was this scholarship lost? The explanations include a lack of engagement from pioneering scholars and a path dependency owing to the focus on totalitarian rule. Second, what if anything can be learned from this scholarship? The answer is focused on, but not limited to, four areas of inquiry: regime classification schemes, region and cases, nominally democratic institutions, and autocratization. The chapter concludes by suggesting a future research agenda concerned with unheralded classification schemes, stages of autocratization, and short-lived dictatorships.
Individual and Community Property Rights and Duties in Land and the Environment
Authors: Vani M. S.
Published: July 2024

The appropriation of land and its components for self-use has been one of the primary actions of humankind with respect to nature. Human society has evolved a range of value systems—economic, political, social, cultural, ethical and spiritual—to describe its relationship with land and other natural elements and the methods to establish such a relationship. These value systems coalesce broadly into two distinct philosophical approaches—anthropocentrism and biocentrism—engendering distinct legal, institutional and governance modes, representing western and non-western cultures generally. The chapter examines the property rights and duties of individuals and communities in India in land and environment. The chapter reflects on the need for a duty-based local governance system with dominant community property tenures, and a legal system infused with ethical and spiritual values to re-establish a balance between property rights and environment, securing both.
Construction of an Infectious Clone of Citrus Chlorotic Dwarf-Associated Virus and Confirmation of Its Pathogenicity
Authors: Zhao Jinfa , Zhang Song , Wang Jiajun , Lou Binghai , Zhou Yan
Published: July 2024

Citrus chlorotic dwarf disease (CCDD) seriously affects the citrus industry. Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus (CCDaV) is speculated to be the causal agent of CCDD. However, this speculation has not been confirmed by fulfilling Koch’s postulates. In this study, an infectious clone comprising a 1.6-fold tandem CCDaV genome in the binary vector pBinPLUS was constructed and agro-inoculated into ‘Eureka’ lemon (Citrus limon) seedlings through vacuum infiltration. At 60 days postinoculation, 25% of the ‘Eureka’ lemon seedlings developed symptoms of crinkling and curling that were the same as those associated with the wild-type virus. Western blotting and graft transmission assays confirmed that the infectious clone systemically infected ‘Eureka’ lemon seedlings. In addition, CCDaV can establish infection on three more Citrus species and one hybrid, although at different infection rates. These findings support that CCDaV is the primary causal agent of CCDD. The infectious CCDaV clone will allow further studies on the functions of viral proteins and molecular interactions of CCDaV with its hosts.
Parents' Perspectives on Early Relational Health: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Cordoba David J. , Levin Erica R. , Ramachandran Usha , Lima Daniel , Shearman Nikki , Willis David , Srinivasavaradan Deepa , Jimenez Manuel E.
Published: July 2024

Objective:

The American Academy of Pediatrics endorses a paradigm shift toward promoting early relational health (ERH) in pediatrics. Pediatric clinicians have a unique opportunity to promote ERH, yet little work has sought parents' perspectives on how clinicians can do so effectively. We sought to understand diverse parents' perspectives on ERH and the role of pediatric clinicians in supporting it.

Methods:

We conducted virtual focus groups using a guide prepared with input from community partners and parent advisors. We purposively sampled a diverse group of parents of children aged ≤7 years. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We analyzed data as it was collected and identified themes using an inductive and iterative process.

Results:

Thirty-seven parents participated in 8 focus groups (median parent age: 36.0 years; 43.2% Asian, 18.9% Black/African-American; 32.4% Hispanic/Latino; 78.4% mothers). We identified 3 organizing themes: (1) Time, attention, and open communication with children lay a foundation for ERH; (2) Pediatric clinicians have an opportunity to promote ERH, but disconnected parent-clinician relationships are a major barrier; and (3) Enhanced communication and careful attention to child development and family well-being represent key opportunities to strengthen parent-clinician relationships.

Conclusion:

Parents identified time, attention, and open communication as essential to ERH. Although participants expressed openness to clinicians addressing ERH, such work is contingent on strong parent-clinician relationships. Policymakers and clinicians seeking to address ERH in pediatric settings must also be prepared to address potential barriers through strategies like providing adequate time to facilitate relationship-building and careful attention to address this critical topic.