bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic factors affecting access to birth registration among children born out of marriage: A study conducted in Harare
Authors: Mavuka Anotida , Mashiri Conillia , Soko Sneddon
Published: January 2024

Africa, conceptually, geographically, politically, economically, religiously and socially is in bondage. Zimbabwe faces the problemof officially registering the births of children born out of marriage and other vulnerable children. This study explored the socioeconomic barriers hindering the Zimbabwe government birth registration of children born out of marrriage in the Harare central district of Zimbabwe. The impediments encountered by parents and guardians of children born out of marrriage have also emerged as a global human rights issue, with over 237 million children under the age of 5 without birth registration as at 7th July 2021, following the UNICEF birth registration tracking. Using qualitative phenomenology design, the study investigated livedexperiences of parents within the Harare Central district area. The participants were selected using the snowball samplingtechnique, while three key informants were purposively sampled by the researchers. The study findings indicated that there are aplethora of socio-economic challenges emanating from a deficient government registration system, more inclined to cater for theurban based population than the rural folk. Additionally, general poverty among the majority of the population played a significantrole for the majority, who could not afford transport fees to travel to registration centre among many others. Moreover, religiousand other patriarchal cultural practices hinder access to birth registration.
How to reference using ASWNet style:Mavuka, A., Mashiri, C. & Soko, S. (2023). Socio-economic factors affecting access to birth registration among children born out of marrriage: a study conducted in Harare. African Journal of Social Work, 13(4), 207-216. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i4.4
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
Employing zinc oxide nanoparticle coating as a corrosion inhibitor for magnesium alloys in distinct aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Byeon Haewon , S. Sreenivasan V. , Rama Krishna Amaravadi , P. Thosar Charudatta , B. Randhavane Shrikant , Singh Baghel Deepak , Sunil J.
Published: January 2024

In this investigation, zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesised using a straightforward microwave-assisted technique. Results showed that the synthesised nanoparticles were hexagonal wurtzite ZnO-nanoparticles with a crystallite size of 6.76 nm, as determined by physio-chemical methods. It reveals, at varying magnifications, the irregularly aggregated, spherically shaped sponge-like structure. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, corresponding functional groups on ZnO surfaces have been observed. According to absorption measurements, the direct optical bandgap is around 3.29 eV. The photoluminescence spectra may be used to detect crystal defects in the ZnO lattice by looking for red emission and blue band edge emission. An investigation into the anticorrosion capabilities of zinc oxide nanoparticles was conducted, which revealed that the particles have beneficial characteristics when coated with magnesium (Mg) substrates. These materials are evaluated for corrosive resistance with and without a protective coating. Results show that coating significantly increased the protection rate under different electrolyte conditions. Compared to bare Mg plate, the charge transfer resistance Rct was increased when ZnO nanoparticles were coated.

KEY WORDS: Zinc oxide nanoparticle, Microwave irradiation, Corrosion resistance, magnesium alloy

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 417-430.                                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.10
Fabrication of and corrosion prevention mechanisms of tin oxide (SnO2) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for anodic protection of Zn metal surfaces
Authors: Byeon Haewon , Puvana Devi V. , Peter Anandkumar P. , Balakumar Ashwini , Bharathi Raja S. , Prince Sahaya Sudherson D. , Sunil J.
Published: January 2024

The hydrothermal approach was utilized to prepare SnO2 and rGO-SnO2 composite, and its physicochemical properties and corrosion resistance application are examined in this study. The results suggest that the SnO2, rGO-SnO2 composite exhibits a well-defined and uniform morphology, with SnO2 NPs homogeneously distributed and anchored on the rGO. XRD analysis confirms the crystalline tetragonal structure with 19.1 nm and 20.8 crystalline size. Further, the corrosion resistance application of the rGO-SnO2 composite is evaluated through electrochemical measurements, such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The composite-coated substrate is subjected to NaCl electrolyte using a Zn plate. The corrosion performance is compared with that of bare Sn and rGO-SnO2 counterparts to assess the synergistic effect of the composite which exhibits enhanced anticorrosion properties. The synergistic effect of Sn and rGO in the composite offers superior corrosion resistance, making it a promising material for various corrosion-prone applications. Overall, the findings contribute to developing novel and effective strategies for combating corrosion, ensuring the durability and reliability of materials in diverse industrial environments.

KEY WORDS: Sn-rGO composite, Tafel plot, Corrosion protection, Surface analysis, Synergistic effect

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 445-456.                                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.12
Exploring the effect of chromium doping on electronic properties, half-metallic and ferromagnetism on AlSb DMS compound through first-principles calculations
Authors: El Merzouki Zakaria , Benhsin Elhassan , Cherraj Mohammed
Published: January 2024

With the aim of improving and investigating magnetocaloric insights for spintronic applications, we investigated the electronic structure of Cr-doped AlSb compounds via first-principles calculations using the KKR-CPA-DFT method. Here, we investigated the stability of alloy materials as a function of magnetic contamination. A stable semimetallic ferromagnetic phase can be obtained by introducing the Cr element into AlSb, which is inherent in nonmagnetic semiconductors. The total magnetic moment of the doped material changes from 0.1167 μB to 0.716 μB for 4% and 25% Cr, respectively. Curie temperature changed to 740 K at 25% Cr concentration.

KEY WORDS: Magnetic materials, Semiconductor, Alloys, Impurities

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 297-304.                                                            

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.2
Double Intussusceptions in Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Tim Lee Mem , Zainira Wan Zain Wan , Faeid Othman
Published: January 2024

Background: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome is one of the hereditary gastro-intestinal cancer syndrome with characteristic mucocutaneous pigmentation and histologically distinctive hamartomatous polyps in gastro-intestinal tract. Although it is characteristically benign  hamartomatous polyp, majority of affected individuals develop symptoms starting from their second decades. We reported a known  Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome case developed recurrent polyps leading to double intussusceptions required bowel resection. Multidisciplinary  management and patient compliance to surveillance regime are important in managing PJS patients with potential gastro-intestinal tract  complications and relative high risk of developing syndrome specific cancers.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis Mimicking a Lung Cancer: a Case Series
Authors: Nigussi Mahader , Hagos Genet , Alemayhu Mahlet , Yafet Meron , Tarekegn Selome , Mekonnen Tseganesh , Gissila Azmera , Taye Melaku , Huluka Dawit Kebede
Published: January 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite TB being a preventable and curable disease, it still remains to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and continues to be prevalent. TB can manifest in multiple  systems, but its primary target is the lungs. Pulmonary TB can present differently depending on the patient's immune status and  comorbidities. One atypical presentation of TB is lung mass, which can mimic lung malignancy and cause diagnostic delays.In this case  series, we report on four cases in which TB was initially suspected to be lung malignancy. All four patients had lung masses on diagnostic  imaging; microbiological testing was positive in only two of the patients and bronchoscopic abnormalities were seen in two of those. In  two of the four cases, caseating granulomas were present on biopsy. All four patients attained clinical and radiologic resolution.In  conclusion, despite years of knowledge and the prevalence of TB, atypical presentations can still cause diagnostic delays and unnecessary  interventions. This case series provides examples of TB mimicking lung cancer, so considering TB as a differential diagnosis  for patients presenting with a lung mass is crucial.
Factors Associated with Neurocognitive Impairment in Treatment Experienced HIV+ Adults from a Tertiary Care Center in Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Biniyam A. , Thakur Kiran T. , Amogne Wondwossen
Published: January 2024

Background: Given the improvement in life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa, the risk of asymptomatic HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) has increased. The study objectives were to investigate the prevalence of HAND and  associated factors among treatment experienced adults in Ethiopia.Methods: A single-center observational cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2019 and June 2020 to investigate  HAND. International HIV dementia scale (IHDS) was used to screen for the disorder. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used to  analyze the data.Results: Total of 324 PLWH (63% females) who were on combination antiretroviral therapy for median of 144 months (IQR: 108-168) were  investigated. The mean age was 42.5 years (1SD=12.2). The prevalence of HAND was 75.3% and the difference was significantly more in  those above 40 years of age (65.8% vs. 80.7%, p=0.003). Age is the only risk factor identified with multivariable logistic regression analysis.  A linear decrement in the total score of cognitive performance was observed as the patient’s age increase; age was responsible  for 9.4% variation observed in IHDS score (r= -0.31, R2=0.094, p<0.0001). Although statistically not-significant, the trend for  cardiometabolic and behavioral risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol and khat use) was higher in  the group diagnosed with HAND.Conclusion: The occurrence of neurocognitive impairment was more pronounced in individuals aged 40 years and above who were HIV  positive, compared to those below 40 years. Age was found to be an independent predictor of HAND. Cardiovascular and behavioral risk  factors were observed more among patients with HAND compared to no-HAND.
Sonohysterography Assessment of the Structural Abnormalities of the Uterus in Women with Infertility in Ethiopia
Authors: Yigeremu Mahlet , Kebede Tesfaye , Getachew Asefa , Biruk Melaku
Published: January 2024

Background: Female factor infertility is associated with a high incidence of the uterine cavity and fallopian tube pathology in developing  countries with a high prevalence of STDs, therefore various methods are available for structural evaluation of the female reproductive  system, among them is saline infusion sonohysterography (SISHG). The study aimed to assess the role of SISHSG in female infertility  evaluation in areas where the gold standard investigating modalities are not readily available.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,  between January 2019 to August 2019 G.C. SISHSG consists of instillation of saline into the endometrial cavity with simultaneous pelvic  ultrasonography (US). Fifty consecutive female patients referred to the Radiology Department for SISHSG are included in the study.  Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for 26 patients who had both SISHSG and conventional HSG.

Result: The majority of the patients were in the age group of 35-40(38%) and 34 (68%) had secondary infertility. The commonest  abnormalities detected were uterine myoma 10(20%), Asherman syndrome/cervical stenosis 7 (14%), and tubal blockage 6(10%). The  sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of SISHSG in normal study, Asherman  syndrome/cervical stenosis and chronic endometritis was 100%, as compared to the gold standard conventional HSG. For bilateral tubal  blockage the SISHSG had 50% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 66.7% PPV and 81.8% NPV, however, for unilateral tubal blockage SISHSG had  low sensitivity 33%.

Conclusion: SISHSG is readily available, easy-to-do, safe and radiation-free procedure and has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting  uterine cavity abnormality. We advocate its use as a first step of investigation modality in the evaluation of female infertility.
Magnitude and Factors Associated with Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile at Hawassa, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia: A prospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kefeni Marshet , Anticho Tariku Lambiyo , Tesema Israel Tsige , Mengistu Mulugeta , Ali Musa Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The use of urinary catheter benefit patients who are unable to urinate for various medical reasons. Despite its use, a urinary catheter during its application may introduce bacteria to the urinary tract and result in Urinary tract infection (UTI). Even though  the burden of catheter-associated UTI is expected to be high in resource-limited countries, there is limited data. The aim of this study was  to determine the magnitude of culture- confirmed catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), associated factors, and  antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of bacteria.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH),  Sidama region, from May-August 2022. One hundred forty-nine catheterized patients at HUCSH were included. Socio-demographic,  clinical, and laboratory data were collected using structured questionnaire. Urine specimens were cultured on blood and MacConkey  agar. Culture-confirmed catheter-associated urinary tract infection was established if >1 X 105 colonies of bacteria per milliliters of urine  was detected. The disc diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. For data analysis, SPSS version 26 was used.  Factors associated with culture-confirmed CAUTI were assessed using binary logistic regression.

Results: The magnitude of culture  confirmed CAUTI was 30.2% (n=45; 95% CI=22.8−37.6). The most common bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli (n=12; 26.7%), followed  by Klebsiella species (n=10; 22.2%), and Staphylococcus aureus (n=6; 13.3%). Duration of catheterization (AOR=9.6, 95% CI=3.8−24.2) and  comorbidities (AOR=4.1, 95% CI=1.7−9.8) were significantly associated with culture-confirmed CAUTI. Most Gram- negative bacteria were  resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents.

Conclusions: The magnitude of culture-confirmed CAUTI at HUCSH was high. E. coli was the leading bacteria and most of them were resistant to various types of antimicrobial agents. Duration of catheterization and  comorbidities were significantly associated with culture- confirmed CAUTI.
Nutritional, functional properties and estimated shelf-life of defatted Rhynchophorus phoenicis (Fabricius, 1801) larvae flours
Authors: Ngono Nina Natacha Sophie Eyenga , Fogang Rodrigue Aymard Mba , Mounjouenpou Pauline , Kansci Germain
Published: January 2024

Rhynchophorus phoenicis (Fabricius, 1801) is an insect of the coleopteran family widely consumed in Africa and particularly in Cameroon. Their dehydrated larvae are rich in lipids and proteins that can help in combating malnutrition. The present work aimed at producing low-lipid content larvae flours of R. phoenicis and to determine their nutritional and functional properties as well as their estimated shelf-life. The flour was obtained by the cooking-pressing process. The shelf-life of the flour was estimated using adsorption isotherms. The results showed that the flours obtained had low lipids (8 g/100 g of flour) and high protein content (69 g/100 g of flour). Their water and oil absorption capacities, swelling power, foaming properties and foam stability make them good ingredients for food formulations. As regards of storage capacity, the adsorption isotherms obtained can be modelled by the Guggenheim-Anderson-and-de-Boer (GAB) and Brunauer-Emmett-and-Teller (BET) equations. The shelf-life was estimated at 300 days when flour is packed in polyethylene bag and stored at 20°C in enclosure with a relative humidity of 90%. In short, the cooking pressing process makes it possible to obtain flours of high nutritional and technological values. The resulting flours can be used as ingredients to fortify food with poor proteins content.
Synthesis, characterization and In-silico study of anti-cancer potential of Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes of (E)-2- benzylidenehydrazinecarboxamide
Authors: Aiyelabola T. O , Fadare O. A. , Ogundoro T. J.
Published: January 2024

In this study, (E)-2-benzylidenehydrazinecarboxamide coordination compounds and mixed ligand metal complexes with oxalic acid or 1,2-diaminocyclohexane were synthesized. Their potential cytotoxic effects and interactions with B-DNA evaluated. This was with a view to demonstrate their potential as anticancer agents for breast cancer. (E)-2-Benzylidenehydrazinecarboxamide (benzaldehyde semicarbazone) coordination compounds of Cu(II) and Ni(II) and mixed ligand metal complexes with oxalic acid and 1,2- diaminocyclohexane were synthesized. The resultant complexes were characterized by physicochemical techniques including melting point measurement, percent metal analysis, solubility, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Electronic and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, were performed to further lucidate the structures of the complexes. The synthesized compounds were examined for their cytotoxic effects and DNA interactions with B-DNA. The results obtained showed that all the ligands used were bidentate ligands. They bound to the metal ions through oxygen and nitrogen atoms. All synthesized compounds showed good cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp nauplii except for the (E)-2-benzylidenehydrazinecarboxamide copper(II) complex. All of the metal complexes, with the exception of the (E)-2- enzylidenehydrazinecarboxamide coordination copper complex, bound to DNA with moderate binding energies. They favoured conventional hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction mostly. The copper complex with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane had the most interaction and a good binding effect to the DNA and better than oxaliplatin, the standard used. This therefore indicated the potential of these compounds as probable chemotherapeutic agents against breast cancer cells.
Operational cost uncertainty and financial performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya
Authors: Pila Jane , Muturi Willy , Olweny Tobias
Published: January 2024

The main objective of this study was to find out if uncertainty about the operational costs of manufacturing firms in Kenya affects financial performance. Kenyan manufacturing firms have not been performing as expected. They are meant to contribute to economic growth through GDP increments and market share, attract the largest strategic investments in the key processing industry, increase sales locally and internationally, and employ 20% of the Kenyan population. However, manufacturing firms have been facing various financial and non-financial challenges, including declining profit and sales, and some firms have moved out of the market. Many factors have been cited as contributing to declining financial performance. However, the influence of operational cost uncertainty on the financial performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya is not conclusive. Some studies found a negative relationship, while others found a positive relationship. Hence, the current study necessitates examining the influence of firm operational cost uncertainty on the financial performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study anchored its variable on agency theory, which states that during financial uncertainty, operational costs are volatile. Indicators of operational cost uncertainty were the labour cost ratio and the research and development ratio, and proxies of performance were ROS and ROE. The study adopted positivism, philosophy, and an explanatory design. The target population was 856 manufacturing firms registered with the Kenya Association of Manufacturers. A sample of 90 firms was drawn from the population using the Nasuirma (2000) formula. The stratified random sampling technique was applied to 14 sectors, and each sample was picked by random sampling. The study covered 12 years, starting from 2009 to 2020. Panel data was collected from audited financial statements using a data collection instrument. Results showed that operational cost uncertainty had a positive and significant influence on the financial performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The labour cost ratio had a negative and significant relationship with the financial performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The research and development ratio had a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study recommends manufacturing firms have enhanced technology in place to help reduce production costs. The study recommends having enhanced research and development in place that will take advantage of the market niche for products and technology for production.
Changamoto za ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa Kiswahili katika shule za sekondari za umma Tanzania: mfano wa shule teule za sekondari Wilaya ya Kwimba
Authors: Mushumbwa Alcheraus R.
Published: January 2024

Ufaulu wa somo la Kiswahili kwa shule za sekondari za umma za Wilaya ya Kwimba ni hafifu ukilinganishwa na ufaulu wa somo hilo kitaifa. Hali hii ilibua mabunio ya kuwa huenda kuna changamoto katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji zinazosababisha matokeo mabaya ya somo la Kiswahili kwa shule za wilaya hiyo. Hivyo, makala hii inachunguza changamoto za ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa Kiswahili katika shule za sekondari za umma zinazoweza kuwa sababu ya ufaulu hafifu wa somo hili. Utafiti ulioibua makala hii ulihusisha shule tatu za sekondari za umma. Kwa kuongozwa na Nadharia ya Utekelezaji Mtaala (Gross, 1971) na mkabala wa kitaamuli, makala inabainisha changamoto zinazokabili ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa somo la Kiswahili zinazohusu lugha, miundombinu, taaluma/ujuzi, mtazamo hasi kwa Kiswahili, kimazingira na mamlaka. Aidha, mapendekezo ya kutatua changamoto hizo yametolewa kulingana na tafsiri ya data za makala ili kuinua kiwango cha ufaulu wa wanafunzi katika shule za sekondari za umma za Wilaya ya Kwimba.
Nafasi ya hadithi katika ukuzaji wa stadi za kusikiliza na kuzungumza: mfano wa shule teule za sekondari wilayani Nyagatare nchini Rwanda
Authors: Bisamaza Emilien
Published: January 2024

Makala hii inabainisha nafasi ya hadithi katika kufundishia na kujifunzia stadi za kusikiliza na kuzungumza. Aidha, makala inalenga kuunda mwongozo wa kutumia hadithi kufundishia na kujifunzia stadi hizo. Ukusanyaji wa data ulifanywa kupitia ushuhudiaji, mahojiano na uchanganuzi wa matini. Walengwa wa utafiti walikuwa wanafunzi na walimu wa Kiswahili kutoka shule teule za sekondari katika wilaya ya Nyagatare. Data zilizokusanywa, zilichambuliwa kwa njia ya maelezo. Nadharia ya Utambuzi ndiyo iliyoongoza makala hii. Matokeo ya utafiti yanaonesha kuwa hadithi ina nafasi muhimu katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa stadi za kusikiliza na kuzungumza. Hadithi huwavutia wanafunzi, wakawa na motisha ya kujifunza bila uchovu. Kutokana na changamoto zilizoshuhudiwa kuhusu utumiaji wa hadithi kufundisha stadi za kusikiliza na kuzungumza, uliundwa mwongozo ambao unawasilisha mambo ya kuzingatia kwa kila hatua ya somo. Mapendekezo mbalimbali yametolewa kwa wadau mbalimbali ili kufanikisha uungaji mkono wa kutumia hadithi katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa stadi za kusikiliza na kuzungumza kama stadi za msingi.
Effect of performance appraisal on employee performance in selected ministries in Enugu State Civil Service
Authors: Eze Chukwukadibia Chimauzom , Ishiwe Mascus Udechukwu
Published: January 2024

Performance appraisal is a regular or systematic evaluation of the performance of an employee on his current job thereby advancing productivity. Therefore, the broad objective of this study was to investigate how performance appraisal can improve the performance of employees in some selected ministries in Enugu State Civil Service between the years 2015-2022. The Specific objectives of the Study were to: Examine the impact of performance appraisal on employee productivity; Explore the effect of performance appraisal on employee competence; and Examine the impact of performance appraisal on employee workload delivery. Three null hypotheses, aligned with the objectives, were formulated to guide the study. The descriptive research design and survey method of data collection were adopted. The population of the study consists of the 755 staff of the three selected ministries in Enugu state civil service, namely: Office of the Head of Service, Civil Service Commission and Ministry of Lands and Housing from the Enugu State Civil Service located at the State Secretariat Enugu. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire administered to the 261 respondents. Mean statistics were used to present the data descriptively using frequency tables displaying the mean score. The three hypotheses were tested using Linear Regression. The result indicates that performance appraisal significantly influences employee productivity, employee competence, and employee workload delivery. Therefore, the study recommends that management of public offices should create channels for employee feedback, conducting training and retraining periodically.
Socio-Demographic Evaluation of Ownership Levels and Utilization Rates of LLINs against Malaria Vectors within Urban Settlements of Osogbo District, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Fasasi Kamilu , Rufai Akinlabi , Familoni Damilola , Adeleke Monsuru
Published: January 2024

Globally, malaria is one of the major endemic diseases of public health importance caused by Plasmodium spp. and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Efforts to eradicate malaria disease are on the decline despite appreciable progress recorded in the past. This warranted holistic review of malaria interventions which include among others, the assessment of Long Lasting Insecticidal Treated Nets (LLINs). Adopted questionnaires from Roll Back Malaria (RBM), World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) were administered to evaluate ownership levels and utilization rates of LLINs against malaria vectors in urban settlements of Osogbo district, Osun state, Nigeria. Out of 1,500 households surveyed, 78.9% of the households had at least one LLIN, while 78.3% households had the LLINs hanging in their homes, but 60.8% of the households frequently used the LLINs. There were statistically significant differences between the ownership levels of LLINs, usage of LLINs by hanging and the utilization rates of LLINs in the studied population comparatively (p < 0.05). Although the percentage of LLINs possession is high, the rate of utilization of the LLINs varies and is not encouraging which negates the WHO recommended utility procedures. Therefore, acceptability of LLINs usage and sustainable positive attitudinal changes are needed to achieve the target goals of WHO on elimination of the endemic disease.

Keywords: Malaria; Households; LLINs Usage; Acceptability; Nigeria.
A Review on Ecosystem Services and their Threats in the Conservation of Nyando Wetland, Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Maithya Joseph , Ming’ate Felix , Letema Sammy
Published: January 2024

Wetlands are vital ecosystems as they are essential to human health, wellbeing, ecological integrityand national development as well as in the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals.However, despite their contributions to human wellbeing, they have been destroyed and degradedover years. The aim of this paper is to review literature on the ecosystem services in Nyandowetland ecosystem and how they have been helpful to the well-being of its residents and also todetermine the threats to the Nyando ecosystem services. A total of 88 documents were reviewedout of 20,400 documents from the Google engine search. It is concluded in this paper thatecosystem services in the Nyando wetland contribute significantly to the sustenance of thelivelihood of the local communities and that the over dependency on the Nyando wetland by thelocal communities has resulted to over-exploitation of its resources leading to the degradation ofthe ecosystem. It is recommended that since the Nyando ecosystem is of high value to thecommunities living there, sustainable utilization of its resources is important for its sustenance andalso in the reduction of the degradation of its resources.

Keywords: Wetlands; ecosystem services; livelihoods; sustainability; conservation
Antibacterial and Anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants and Their Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Masalu Rose , Ngassa Sai , Kinunda Grace , Mpinda Cyprian
Published: January 2024

Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and associated opportunistic infections are still global health concerns. Traditional medicines have been used for managing these infections, with little about their biological activities being known. This study evaluated antimicrobial and anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) activities of medicinal plants; Harungana madagascariensis, Sapium ellipticum, Pseudospondias microcarpa, Capparis erythrocarpos, and Plectranthus barbatus; and activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extracts of H. madagascariensis. Results revealed that aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of H. madagascariensis, S. ellipticum, P. microcarpa; and ethyl acetate extracts from P. barbatus exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 3.1 to 100 mg mL־1, while aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts from C. erythrocarpos showed no antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the study revealed that ethyl acetate extracts from P. barbatus, S. ellipticum, C. erythrocarpos and aqueous extract from H. madagascariensis have anti-HIV-1 RT inhibition greater than 50% at 10 mg mL־1. Aqueous crude extract of H. madagascariensis revealed higher anti-HIV-1-RT (IC50 = 0.9 mg mL־1) than all other extracts. On the other hand, zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extract of H. madagascariensis exhibited antibacterial activity greater than all the tested extracts and anti-HIV-1 RT activities comparable to aqueous extract of H. madagascariensis. The results provide scientific information towards drug discovery from medicinal plants.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Nanoparticles, Plant extracts, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity, Antibacterial activity
Selected Under-exploited Plant Oils in Nigeria: A Correlative Study of their Properties
Authors: Ifijen Ikhazuagbe , Nkwor Adachukwu
Published: January 2024

This study examined the physicochemical properties of seven under-exploited plant oils in Nigeria,namely; Hevea brasiliensis seed oil (HBSO), Prunus dulcis seed oil (PDSO), Afzelia africana arilcap oil (AAACO), Jatropha curcas seed oil (JCSO), Sesamum indicum seed oil (SISO), Canariumschweinfurthii seed oil (CSSO) and Hura crepitans seed oil (HCSO). Characteristics such ascolour, percentage yield, specific gravity, freezing/melting point, acid value, free fatty acid, iodinevalue, and saponification value were investigated. The results showed that they have differentcolours and are liquid at room temperature. The percentage yield of the extracted oils varied from34 to 55.39%. The specific gravities which were observed to agree with what is obtainable in mostvegetable oils were in the range of 0.91 in PDSO to 0.948 in CSSO. The freezing/melting pointsshow that CSSO (8.89 °C), AAACO (6.39 ºC) and JCSO (3.18 ºC) have greater amounts ofsaturated fatty acids than SISO (–6.21 ºC), HCSO (–15.34 ºC) and HBSO /PDSO (–18 ºC). Theacid values and free fatty acids of the oils were in the range of 2.13–17.49 mg KOH/g and 1.07–9.648%, respectively. The iodine values of HBSO, PDSO, JCSO, and SISO (104–128.9 mgiodine/100 g) and AAACO and CSSO (68–77 mg iodine/100 g) placed them in the semi-dryingand non-drying class, respectively. Their saponification values (137.2 to 210 mg KOH/g oil)suggest their possible applications in the soap industry. The results generally present a deductivejustification for the usage of the studied plant seed oils for some industrial and other applications.

Keywords: Plant seed oils; physicochemical properties; potential applications;
Comparison of Seaweed Growth, Fish Abundance and Diversity in Deep Water Floating Raft with Tubular Nets and Shallow Water Off-bottom lines Seaweed Farms
Authors: Yahya Batuli , Yahya Saleh , Mmochi Aviti , Jiddawi Narriman
Published: January 2024

This study compared the growth performance of Eucheuma denticulatum, fish abundance anddiversity between deep water (using tubular nets) versus shallow water (off-bottom) seaweedfarming methods. For each farming method, three plots were set and fish abundance, diversity andseaweed growth rates were measured at intervals of 15 days. Belt transects measuring 10 m x 4 meach, were established on seaweed farms for fish observations. Fish were identified to the lowestpossible taxonomic level by underwater census. The results showed that the growth rate of E.denticulatum in deep water farms was slightly higher at an average daily growth rate (DGR) of3.42 ± 0.18% day−1 compared with 3.01 ± 0.27% day−1 for shallow water farms but with nosignificant differences (p = 0.079) likely due to higher herbivory in the deep water farms. Fishabundance and diversity were higher in deep water farms but insignificant (t (34) = 0.69, p = 0.49and t (34) = 0.424, p = 0.67, respectively). Habitat complexity and seaweed growth rate were almostsimilar for both farming methods hence attracting comparable numbers of fish. Further studies arerecommended on fish community structures, differences between the two farming methods andeffects of herbivory.

Keywords: E. denticulatum; seaweed farming methods; growth; fish diversity and abundance
Évaluation du contrôle lexico-sémantique en dénomination
Authors: Python Grégoire , Glize Bertrand , Laganaro Marina
Published: January 2024

Les troubles d’accès lexical se retrouvent dans tous les types d’aphasie et sont généralement évalués en dénomination d’images. Afin d’évaluer plus précisément le contrôle opéré sur la sélection lexicale, la dénomination par blocs cycliques a déjà prouvé son utilité dans la recherche en psycholinguistique et en aphasiologie. Toutefois, il n’existe à ce jour aucune épreuve clinique de dénomination par blocs cycliques standardisée en français. L’épreuve présentée ici comprend seize images à dénommer trois fois au sein d’un bloc sémantiquement homogène (images de la même catégorie) et trois fois dans un bloc hétérogène (catégories mélangées). Les données normatives préliminaires portent sur quarante-six personnes neurotypiques et la validation sur seize individus avec une anomie discrète 3 à 6 mois post-AVC hémisphérique gauche. Sous réserve d’une ligne de base cognitive plus détaillée, ces résultats préliminaires suggèrent qu’un cut-off de deux erreurs à cette épreuve permettrait de suspecter des difficultés de régulation lexico-sémantique.
Community Empowerment Through Legal Counseling: Increasing Legal Awareness and Justice for Women and Children in Cijeruk Hamlet, Tasikmalaya City
Authors: Sidiq Fahmi , Wang Chun , Laksito Grida Saktian
Published: January 2024

Legal education about justice for women and children is an important step in understanding the Cijeruk Hamlet community about the rights and obligations of women and children in a legal context. This activity aims to fill this gap in understanding and increase understanding about the equal rights and obligations of women and children. In this activity, Article 30 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage was socialized as a legal basis that guarantees equal rights for women and children. This activity also involved PKK women in Cijeruk Village, who have an important role in spreading information and understanding about justice for women and children in their environment. In addition, group counseling is carried out to provide opportunities for group members to share knowledge and experiences in overcoming family problems. The result of this legal education activity is an increase in public awareness, especially PKK women, about the rights and obligations of women and children under the law. The impact is the formation of a women's group that cares about justice for women and children.
Ing Ngarsa Sung Tuladha: Empowerment In MSMEs in Bantul Indonesia and Community Learning Center in Malaysia
Authors: Kurniawan Ignatius Soni , Purnamarini Tri Ratna , Nisa Ana Fitrotun , Wahidah Umi , Lada Suddin Bin
Published: January 2024

This research aims to explain of applying Ing Ngarsa Sung Tuladha from Ki Hajar Dewantara’s Trilogy to the leadership of pottery & ceramics crafts SMEs “Dwiyanto Ceramic”, Azka Furniture Bantul SMEs, Rama Putra Motor Bantul SMEs and Community Learning Center (CLC) Ladang Lumadan. This community service method uses direct and remote observation with interview techniques trough the Zoom application. The concept used is the concept of Ing Ngarsa Sung Tuladha to help problems and solusions in leadership to achieve common goals. By conducting socialization and training offline and online. The results of the observation can implement the leadership attitude of Ing Ngarsa Sung Tuladha in pottery & ceramic craft SMEs “Dwiyanto Ceramic”, Azka Furniture Bantul SMEs, Rama Putra Motor Bantul SMEs, and Community Learning Center (CLC) Ladang Lumadan. With this collaboration, it was seen that ineffective leadership methods resulted in solutions with Ing Ngasra Sung Tuladha
Self-Presentation of Mistresses (Erving Goffman's Dramaturgy Study of Mistresses “Ani-Ani” in Bandung)
Authors: Lestari Anggita , Maulana Muhammad Dandi , Adi Achwan Noorlistyo , Putri Shinta Hartini , Hanafi Hanafi , Reza Faisal
Published: January 2024

Self-presentation is an effort made by an individual to build a certain impression according to their profession in front of others, including what is done by a mistress (Ani-ani). This study aims to determine the self-presentation of Ani-ani in Bandung according to Erving Goffman's dramaturgy study. This research focuses on the front stage and backstage of the Ani-anis. This research used a qualitative approach with dramaturgy studies. The object of the research is the Ani-anis in Bandung. The selection of informants used a purposive sampling technique where the informants were two Ani-anis in Bandung. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews, observations, documentation, and literature studies. The results show that the front stage appearance of the Ani-anis was filled by their behavior when they were with their loyal customers during their quality time. Like Mawar, she used good Indonesian with a gentle, mature, reserved demeanor on the front stage. Meanwhile, Melati used exaggerated Indonesian with a spoiled, seductive, and expressive demeanor. Meanwhile, in the backstage, they displayed their full figure in their daily life, which is completely different from what they showed when they were with their clients. Like Mawar, she often used Sundanese, is lively, religious, and responsible for her family. While Melati was quiet, she used good Indonesian and became a wife who obeyed her husband. This study concludes that every Ani-ani presents themselves in their performances in the front or backstage.
Improving Pea Growth and Nutrient Efficiency in Calcareous Soils through the Synergy of Organic Amendments and Chemical Fertilizers
Authors: Anjum Javed , Khan Mustajab , Babar Juma , Ahmed Fahim , Domar Meraj , Ejaz Muhammad , Ziad Tariq , Fareed Rehan , Kakar Hidayatullah
Published: January 2024

Introduction Soil fertility in Pakistan is hindered by insufficient and unstable organic matter, leading to stagnation and a decline in overall agricultural productivity. Methodology A pot study was conducted in 2018-19 comprised of four treatments including T1 = Recommended NPK fertilizer, T2 = NPK+FYM, T3 = NPK + Poultry manure, and T4 = NPK + Plant residue based on Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and was replicated thrice. Result The results exhibited significant differences in peas’ growth, yield, and nutrient use efficiency across the organic amendments. Among them, the higher plant height (70.63 cm), pod length (9.37 cm), and pod yield (158.63 g pot-1) was observed in T3 followed by T2. Regarding nutrient concentration and uptake, both T2 and T3 treatments elevated leaf tissue levels of N (4.76% and 5.03%), P (1.01% and 0.98%), and K (2.27% and 2.31%). These values were statistically comparable, accompanied by higher but non-significant P uptake (0.61 and 0.67 g pot-1) and K uptake (1.13 and 1.21 g pot-1) for the respective treatments. Further, higher nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium use efficiency (49.4, 5.20, and 42.0%) were recorded in T3 followed by T2. Together with that significantly positive correlation between soil properties and pod yield was found which reflects the nutrient-supplying power of soil under organic amendments. Conclusion Consequently, it is suggested that the joint utilization of organic additives of any source and chemical fertilizer is necessary for increasing yield and nutrient use efficiency over sole chemical fertilizer application in calcareous soils.
Sero-Prevalence of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Among Goats of Different Zones of District Thatta, Sindh
Authors: Ranoo Mal  , Dildar Hussain Kalhoro  , Hasina Baloch  , Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro  , Hubdar Ali Kolachi  , Habibullah Janyaro  , Muhammad Ibrahim  , Fayaz Ahmed  , Amjad Ali Channa  , Mazhar Hussain Mangi  , Ali Raza Nizamani  , Muhammad Anees Memon
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and viraldisease primarily affecting goats and sheep, caused by the PPR virus (PPRV), which belongs tothe family paramyxoviridae, and genus morbillivirus. Methodology: A total of 100 bloodsamples (female n=67 and male n=33) of goats from different areas of Thatta district werecollected. Risk factors like area, age, sex and season were analyzed. Clinically affected animalsexhibited high temperature (41oC), anorexia, dullness, lacrimal secretions, and nasal dischargediahhrea starting from 2 to 6 days post infection, hair blow the eyes becomes wet and there ismatting together of the eyelids as well as partial blockage of the nostrils by dried up purulentdischarges. Samples were transported to Central Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (CVDL)Tandojam, Sindh for laboratory confirmation. The competitive ELISA was performed to measureantibodies to the PPR virus. Results: The sero-positivity of PPR cases in female were 76.12%(51/67) and male 51.52% (17/33). The highest sero-prevalence was observed in age group of 4-12month 75.56% (34/45). Lowest sero-prevalence was detected in age group of 0-4 month 47.83%(11/23). Highest prevalence of PPR infections were observed in the month of August 70%(21/30), followed by 69.04% (29/42) in the September, the lowest prevalence was 64.28% (18/28)in the July. Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that female animals were moreaffected than males. The higher infection was recorded during the August. Comparatively, younganimals were more affected than the suckler and adults.
Clinical Simulation Scenario Development Template
Authors: Gorshkov M. D.
Published: January 2024

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USHIRA (VETIVERIA ZIZANIOIDES (LINN.)NASH) IN VYANGA: REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: Patil Naveenkumar , H G Yogesh , Veena M S
Published: January 2024

Vyanga is considered as Kshudra roga (minor disease), it occurs due to Vata and Pitta dosha. Characterized by
the presence of Niruja (painless), Tanu (thin), and Shyavavarna mandala (dark brownish) Patches. It can be compared with Melasma, one of the hyperpigmented disorders. Melasma is known for causing a significant impact on
quality of life, including a negative effect on the Patients emotional well-being and social life. Drugs with
Varnyakara properties are helpful in the management of Vyanga.
The Influence of Social Media Marketing on Purchasing Decisions is Influenced by Brand Awareness in Avoskin Beauty Products
Authors: Mutiara Dini Ananda , Abdurrahman Agus
Published: January 2024

Companies in any field must have a strategy that focuses on maintaining the existence of their brand so that it is increasingly recognized by the public. One of the strategies used is through social media marketing. This research aims to analyze the effect of three marketing strategy components on Avoskin Beauty skin care products. This research was conducted using a google form and a questionnaire distributed online. The research also required 160 respondents, this study used a quantitative method with data processing using PLS-SEM (smartpls). The results of this research test will provide answers to the results of the three activity components, namely social media marketing has a positive effect on purchasing decisions, brand awareness has no effect on purchasing decisions, and the last is the influence of social media marketing on purchasing decisions which has a positive effect on brand awareness.
Leveraging Blockchain-based Smart Contracts to Develope Trustworthy Customer Agreements
Authors: Irawan Bambang , Wahyu Sabiqudin Muhammad , Anwar Nizirwan , Tjahjono Budi
Published: January 2024

The With the advancement of computer, electronic, and telecommunications technology, there has been a significant change in the world of applications, which makes it easier for humans to carry out various activities, both at work and in interacting on social media.CV. Albahritech faces the challenge of not having a quick and easy office equipment maintenance application. This limitation can have a negative impact on company operations. Currently, the maintenance process still relies on communication via WhatsApp or phone, which causes customer appointments to be missed or forgotten due to the large number of calls for customer maintenance services that cannot be fulfilled. In addition, transactions and visit reports are not properly recorded, which can cause customers to experience delays in getting treatment services or even cause customers to look for other treatment services.The currently designed application uses a blockchain-like decentralized network model, known as a DApp. This DApp has several important features that utilize blockchain technology[1], including the ability to make payments using cryptocurrencies such as Ether and the feature to record service lists for customers. In this application, smart contracts are used to create a mechanism of trust and automation in agreements or deals between the parties involved. This ensures that agreements and transactions made within the app are transparent, secure, and without the need for a third party. In addition, the app also uses IPFS for customer data storage. IPFS is a peer-to-peer file distribution system that serves to store and distribute data on the interne[2]t. The use of IPFS in this application enables distributed and decentralized data storage, thereby improving data security and reliability.

 

 

Keywords: Helpdesk, Ticketing, Blockchain, Smart Contract,IPFS.