bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active-matrix Spindt-type field emitter array with faster response time for image sensor with high-gain avalanche rushing amorphous photoconductor target
Authors: Honda Yuki , Nanba Masakazu , Miyakawa Kazunori , Kubota Misao , Egami Norifumi
Published: January 2015

A novel active-matrix driving circuit, consisting of a level-shifter in each pixel and low-voltage (5 V) vertical and horizontal scanning circuits, was simulated and fabricated as part of an effort to develop a flat image sensor consisting of a Spindt-type field emitter array (FEA) and a high-gain avalanche rushing amorphous photoconductor target for ultrahigh-sensitivity compact high-definition television (HDTV) cameras. Although the active-matrix driving circuit developed in our previous work could not drive the FEA quickly enough to meet the HDTV standard, the simulation and experimental results reported here show that the novel active-matrix driving circuit can shorten the response time and potentially meet the HDTV standard.
Time- and shear history-dependence of the rheological properties of a water-soluble extract from the fronds of the black tree fern, Cyathea medullaris
Authors: Wee May S. M. , Matia-Merino Lara , Goh Kelvin K. T.
Published: January 2015

A shear-thickening polysaccharide extracted from the New Zealand black tree fern was characterized for its time-dependent rheology and the effects of shear-history. The material exhibited antithixotropic behavior at shear rates between 4 and 10 s−1. The parallel growth of normal stresses with time at these shear rates indicated the development of an elastic network under shear. The formation of association structures is proposed to take place via cooperative zipping of stretched chains where associative groups are exposed only on shearing. Hysteresis effects were also observed at shear rates between 4 and 10 s−1. This was probably caused by rapid structure formation at these shear rates, which cannot be easily disrupted at subsequent lower shear rates (<10 s−1). Preshearing at high shear rates (∼1000 s−1) fully stretched out and aligned the polysaccharide chains, exposing all sites for intermolecular association at appropriate lower shear rates.
Fostering a Need-Supportive Teaching Style: Intervention Effects on Physical Education Teachers’ Beliefs and Teaching Behaviors
Authors: Aelterman Nathalie , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Van den Berghe Lynn , De Meyer Jotie , Haerens Leen
Published: January 2015

The present intervention study examined whether physical education (PE) teachers can learn to make use of autonomy-supportive and structuring teaching strategies. In a sample of 39 teachers (31 men, M = 38.51 ± 10.44 years) and 669 students (424 boys, M = 14.58 ± 1.92 years), we investigated whether a professional development training grounded in self-determination theory led to changes in (a) teachers’ beliefs about the effectiveness and feasibility of autonomy-supportive and structuring strategies and (b) teachers’ in-class reliance on these strategies, as rated by teachers, external observers, and students. The intervention led to positive changes in teachers’ beliefs regarding both autonomy support and structure. As for teachers’ actual teaching behavior, the intervention was successful in increasing autonomy support according to students and external observers, while resulting in positive changes in teacher-reported structure. Implications for professional development and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Breast Cancer Survivors’ Decisions to Join a Dragon Boating Team
Authors: Weisenbach Beth B. , McDonough Meghan H.
Published: January 2015

Physical activity is associated with psychosocial and physical health benefits for breast cancer survivors. Little is known, however, about survivors’ decision-making processes when considering joining group physical activity programs designed for survivors. Guided by interpretive description methodology (Thorne, 2008), N = 15 breast cancer survivors who were considering or had made the decision to join a dragon boating team were interviewed about their decisions to participate. Four patterns of decision making were identified: searching for a way to care for physical and social needs, taking advantage of opportunities created by breast cancer, dove in with little contemplation, and hesitant to connect with other survivors. Results have implications for understanding decisions to participate in physical activity groups in this population and overcoming challenges to participation.
Synaptojanin 2 is a druggable mediator of metastasis and the gene is overexpressed and amplified in breast cancer
Authors: Ben-Chetrit Nir , Chetrit David , Russell Roslin , Körner Cindy , Mancini Maicol , Abdul-Hai Ali , Itkin Tomer , Carvalho Silvia , Cohen-Dvashi Hadas , Koestler Wolfgang J. , Shukla Kirti , Lindzen Moshit , Kedmi Merav , Lauriola Mattia , Shulman Ziv , Barr Haim , Seger Dalia , Ferraro Daniela A. , Pareja Fresia , Gil-Henn Hava , Lapidot Tsvee , Alon Ronen , Milanezi Fernanda , Symons Marc , Ben-Hamo Rotem , Efroni Sol , Schmitt Fernando , Wiemann Stefan , Caldas Carlos , Ehrlich Marcelo , Yarden Yosef
Published: January 2015

Small-molecule inhibitors of the lipid phosphatase synaptojanin 2 may prevent breast cancer metastasis.
Endocannabinoids in glucocorticoid-induced metabolic syndrome
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: January 2015

Peripheral endocannabinoid signaling contributes to the metabolic syndrome associated with chronic glucocorticoid administration.
Turning viral persistence on and off
Authors: Mueller Kristen L.
Published: January 2015

The antiviral cytokine interferon-λ cures persistent norovirus infection in mice.
Large posterior vaginal cyst in pregnancy
Authors: Lallar Meenakshi , Nandal Rajesh , Sharma Deepak , Shastri Sweta
Published: January 2015

A 20-year-old primigravida presented in labour with a mass protruding from her vagina during uterine contractions. The mass was a large tense cyst measuring 8×8 cm arising from the posterior vaginal wall. The cyst was present since puberty but increased in size during pregnancy. It collapsed following aspiration and uneventful vaginal delivery was conducted. Following delivery, the cyst was excised and vaginal wall repaired. On histopathology the cyst was identified as a Müllerian cyst. The patient recovered and remained asymptomatic on follow-up.
Clinical effects of blood donor characteristics in transfusion recipients: protocol of a framework to study the blood donor–recipient continuum
Authors: Chassé Michaël , McIntyre Lauralyn , Tinmouth Alan , Acker Jason , English Shane W , Knoll Greg , Forster Alan , Shehata Nadine , Wilson Kumanan , van Walraven Carl , Ducharme Robin , Fergusson Dean A
Published: January 2015

Introduction

When used appropriately, transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) is a necessary life-saving therapy. However, RBC transfusions have been associated with negative outcomes such as infection and organ damage. Seeking explanations for the beneficial and deleterious effects of RBC transfusions is necessary to ensure the safe and optimal use of this precious resource. This study will create a framework to analyse the influence of blood donor characteristics on recipient outcomes.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a multisite, longitudinal cohort study using blood donor data routinely collected by Canadian Blood Services, and recipient data from health administrative databases. Our project will include a thorough validation of primary data, the linkage of various databases into one large longitudinal database, an in-depth epidemiological analysis and a careful interpretation and dissemination of the results to assist the decision-making process of clinicians, researchers and policymakers in transfusion medicine. Our primary donor characteristic will be age of blood donors and our secondary donor characteristics will be donor–recipient blood group compatibility and blood donor sex. Our primary recipient outcome will be a statistically appropriate survival analysis post-RBC transfusion up to a maximum of 8 years. Our secondary recipient outcomes will include 1-year, 2-year and 5-year mortality; hospital and intensive care unit length of stay; rehospitalisation; new cancer and cancer recurrence rate; infection rate; new occurrence of myocardial infarctions and need for haemodialysis.

Ethics and dissemination

Our results will help determine whether we need to tailor transfusion based on donor characteristics, and perhaps this will improve patient outcome. Our results will be customised to target the different stakeholders involved with blood transfusions and will include presentations, peer-reviewed publications and the use of the dissemination network of blood supply organisations. We obtained approval from the Research Ethics boards and privacy offices of all involved institutions.
BET 1: Tranexamic acid in life-threatening haematuria
Authors: Hulme Peter , Wylie Katharine
Published: January 2015

A shortcut review was carried out to establish whether tranexamic acid improves outcomes for patients with life-threatening haematuria. Sixteen papers were found in Medline using the reported searches, of which four presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. It is concluded that the evidence is limited, but there may be a role for tranexamic acid in life-threatening haematuria, particularly in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Determination of passive earth pressure coefficients using limit equilibrium approach coupled with the Kötter equation
Authors: Patki Mrunal A. , Mandal J.N. , Dewaikar D.M.
Published: January 2015

A numerical method is developed to evaluate the passive earth pressure coefficients for an inclined rigid retaining wall resting against a horizontal cohesionless backfill. A composite failure surface comprises a log spiral, and its tangent is assumed in the present study. The unique failure surface is identified based on the limit equilibrium approach coupled with the Kötter equation (published in 1903). Force equilibrium conditions are used to evaluate the magnitude of the passive thrust, whereas the moment equilibrium condition is employed to determine the location of the passive thrust. The distinctive feature of the present study is that no assumption is required to be made regarding the point of application of the passive thrust, which would otherwise be an essential criterion with respect to the several limit equilibrium based investigations available in the literature. The passive earth pressure coefficients, Kpγ, are evaluated for various values of soil frictional angle [Formula: see text], wall frictional angle δ, and wall inclination angle λ, and compared with the existing results.
Direct Causal Networks for the Study of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Effects on Focal Epileptiform Discharges
Authors: Kugiumtzis Dimitris , Kimiskidis Vasilios K.
Published: January 2015

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can have inhibitory effects on epileptiform discharges (EDs) of patients with focal seizures. However, the brain connectivity before, during and after EDs, with or without the administration of TMS, has not been extensively explored. Objective: To investigate the brain network of effective connectivity during ED with and without TMS in patients with focal seizures. Methods: For the effective connectivity a direct causality measure is applied termed partial mutual information from mixed embedding (PMIME). TMS-EEG data from two patients with focal seizures were analyzed. Each EEG record contained a number of EDs in the majority of which TMS was administered over the epileptic focus. As a control condition, sham stimulation over the epileptogenic zone or real TMS at a distance from the epileptic focus was also performed. The change in brain connectivity structure was investigated from the causal networks formed at each sliding window. Conclusion: The PMIME could detect distinct changes in the network structure before, within, and after ED. The administration of real TMS over the epileptic focus, in contrast to sham stimulation, terminated the ED prematurely in a node-specific manner and regained the network structure as if it would have terminated spontaneously.
Components of the Hilbert scheme of space curves on low-degree smooth surfaces
Authors: Kleppe Jan O. , Ottem John C.
Published: January 2015

We study maximal families W of the Hilbert scheme, H(d, g)sc, of smooth connected space curves whose general curve C lies on a smooth surface S of degree s. We give conditions on C under which W is a generically smooth component of H(d, g)sc and we determine dim W. If s = 4 and W is an irreducible component of H(d, g)sc, then the Picard number of S is at most 2 and we explicitly describe, also for s ≥ 5, non-reduced and generically smooth components in the case Pic (S) is generated by the classes of a line and a smooth plane curve of degree s - 1. For curves on smooth cubic surfaces the first author finds new classes of non-reduced components of H(d, g)sc, thus making progress in proving a conjecture for such families.
Cosmological implications of quantum corrections and higher-derivative extension
Authors: Chialva Diego , Mazumdar Anupam
Published: January 2015

We discuss the challenges for the early universe cosmology from quantum corrections, and in particular higher-derivative terms, in the gravitational and inflaton sectors of the models. The work is divided in two parts. In the first one we review the already well-known issues due to quantum corrections to the inflaton potential, in particular focusing on chaotic/slow-roll single-field models. We will point out some issues concerning the proposed mechanisms to cope with the corrections, and also argue how the presence of higher-derivative corrections could be problematic for those mechanisms. In the second part we will more directly focus on higher-derivative corrections. We will show how, in order to discuss a number of high-energy phenomena relevant to inflation (such as its actual onset) one has to deal with energy scales where the derivative expansion breaks down, presenting problems such as quantum vacuum instability and ghosts. To discuss such phenomena in the convenient framework of the effective theory, one must then abandon the derivative expansion and resort to the full nonlocal formulation of the theory, which is in fact equivalent to re-integrating back the relevant physics, but with the benefit of using a more compact single-field formalism. Finally, we will briefly discuss possible advantages offered by the presence of higher derivatives and a nonlocal theory to build better controlled UV models of inflation.
Macroscopic traversable wormholes with zero tidal forces inspired by noncommutative geometry
Authors: Kuhfittig Peter K. F.
Published: January 2015

This paper addresses the following issues: (1) the possible existence of macroscopic traversable wormholes, given a noncommutative-geometry background and (2) the possibility of allowing zero tidal forces, given a known density. It is shown that whenever the energy density describes a classical wormhole, the resulting solution is incompatible with quantum-field theory. If the energy density originates from noncommutative geometry, then zero tidal forces are allowed. Also attributable to the noncommutative geometry is the violation of the null energy condition. The wormhole geometry satisfies the usual requirements, including asymptotic flatness.
SELF-ASSEMBLY OF TMTES–GO–APS ON Si SUBSTRATE AND THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MULTILAYER FILM
Authors: SHU DA , ZHANG DABIN
Published: January 2015

In this paper, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) was applied as an intermediate coupling agent to form chemical bonding between graphene oxide (GO) sheets and silicon substrate (named as APS–GO). Then, trimethoxyphenylsilane coupling agents (TMTES) were assembled on top of APS–GO films as a tail group. The chemical compositions, microstructures, nanotribological and microtribological behaviors were characterized by XPS, WCA, AFM, UMT-2MT and SEM respectively. The results showed that GO sheets were chemically adsorbed on the surface of substrate and chemically reacted with TMTES to form a mulitilayer film. Nanotribological and microtribological results indicated that the prepared APS–GO–TMTES film possessed excellent tribological properties. In addition, friction and wear mechanisms of samples were discussed at the end of this paper.
Damage Detection Using Improved Direct Stiffness Calculations — A Case Study
Authors: Yang Yang , Mosalam Khalid M. , Liu Gang , Wang Xiaoliang
Published: January 2015

The improved direct stiffness calculation (DSC) is a simple and relatively practical technique to estimate the bending stiffness along beam-type structures based on modal parameters and thus to assess damage in the structure. Application of this technique to a real continuous bridge, named Truckee River Bridge (TRB) in California, is presented in this paper. Comparing the stiffness estimated from baseline condition with that obtained from different damage scenarios in consideration of measurement errors, the damage location and its severity were reliably estimated. Moreover, the improved DSC technique is extended to detect the damage with material nonlinearity, which is simulated with pushover and time-history analyses using one earthquake event. The results of this case study show that the DSC is valid and efficient for identifying the damage with material nonlinearity in beam-type bridges using low-order mode shapes, which is advantageous for in-suit structural health monitoring applications.
Vertical Dynamic Response of a Concrete Filled Steel Tube due to Transient Impact Load: Analytical Solution
Authors: Ding Xuanming , Fan Yuming , Li Ping , Kong Gangqiang
Published: January 2015

This paper presents an analytical solution of vertical dynamic response of a concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) due to transient impact loading. Both the concrete and steel are modeled by linear elastic material. The impact load is simulated by a semisinusoidal impulse. Three-dimensional (3D) wave equations those considering the vertical displacement are established. By combining the initial and boundary conditions, the frequency-domain analytical solution of displacement is deduced by Laplace transformation and separation of variables methods. The time-domain dynamic response is then obtained by numerical inverse Fourier transformation (IFT). Numerical examples are presented to verify the validity of the analytical solution developed in this study. The results indicate that the analytical solution proposed in this study shows good consistence with the existing solutions.
Mobile Information Recommendation Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making with Bayesian Network
Authors: Park Han-Saem , Park Moon-Hee , Cho Sung-Bae
Published: January 2015

The advancement of network technology and the popularization of the Internet lead to increased interest in information recommendation. This paper proposes a group recommendation system that takes the preferences of group users in mobile environment and applies the system to recommendation of restaurants. The proposed system recommends the restaurants by considering various preferences of multiple users. To cope with the uncertainty in mobile environment, we exploit Bayesian network, which provides reliable performance and models individual user's preference. Also, Analytical Hierarchy Process of multi-criteria decision-making method is used to estimate the group users' preference from individual users' preferences. Experiments in 10 different situations provide a comparison of the proposed method with random recommendation, simple rule-based recommendation and neural network recommendation, and confirm that the proposed method is useful with the subjective test.
A Boundary Enhancement for the Stabilized Conforming Nodal Integration of Galerkin Meshfree Methods
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Sun Ming , Xie Pinkang
Published: January 2015

The stabilized conforming nodal integration (SCNI) has been successfully developed for Galerkin meshfree methods based upon the linear exactness requirement. In this study, it is shown that for a given problem domain, when the support of the meshfree shape functions associated with the interior nodes do not cover the essential boundary, the linear exactness can be perfectly achieved by the standard SCNI formulation. On the other hand, when the essential boundary lies in the support of the meshfree shape functions of the interior nodes, a linear field may not be exactly obtained with the original SCNI formulation where the essential boundary conditions are enforced via the nodally exact transformation method, and the error even becomes more pronounced with the increase of support size. To resolve this issue, a flux term associated with the essential boundary is recovered in the variational formulation and it turns out to be proper to keep this term since the meshfree shape functions of interior nodes usually do not vanish on the boundary. Consequently the original SCNI integration constraint is revised and the stiffness matrix is enhanced by an additional stiffness contribution from the flux integration along the essential boundary. It is demonstrated that the proposed enhanced formulation is capable of exactly reproducing linear fields regardless of the support sizes. Moreover, several benchmark examples reveal that the present SCNI formulation with boundary enhancement yields better accuracy compared with the original SCNI approach, particularly for meshfree discretizations with larger support sizes.
Higher-dimensional energy–momentum problem for Bianchi types V and I universes in gravitation theories
Authors: Kiy Güliz , Aygün Sezgin
Published: January 2015

Using the Einstein, Bergmann–Thomson, Landau–Lifshitz, Møller, Papapetrou and Tolman energy–momentum complexes in general relativity (GR) and teleparallel gravity (TG), we calculate the total energy–momentum distributions associated with N-dimensional Bianchi type V universe. While the solutions of Einstein, Bergmann–Thomson and Tolman energy and momentum densities are the same as each other, the solutions of Landau–Lifshitz, Møller and Papapetrou energy–momentum densities are different for N-dimensional Bianchi type V space-time in GR and TG. Obtained results for Einstein, Bergmann–Thomson and Landau–Lifshitz definitions we could say that GR and TG are in the same class. Because different energy–momentum distributions provide same results. However we have discussed N-dimensional Bianchi type I solutions and then we obtained all energy–momentum solutions are vanish in GR and TG theories. These results agree with Banerjee–Sen, Xulu, Aydoḡdu–Saltı and Radinschi in four dimensions.
Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Weight Loss in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Feng , Chai Sanbao , Li Lishi , Yu Kai , Yang Zhirong , Wu Shanshan , Zhang Yuan , Ji Linong , Zhan Siyan
Published: January 2015

To evaluate the effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on weight reduction in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM), a network meta-analysis was conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from 1950 to October 2013. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving GLP-1 RAs were included if they provided information on body weight. A total of 51 RCTs were included and 17521 participants were enrolled. The mean duration of 51 RCTs was 31 weeks. Exenatide 10 μg twice daily (EX10BID) reduced weight compared with exenatide 5 μg twice daily (EX5BID), liraglutide 0.6 mg once daily (LIR0.6QD), liraglutide—1.2 mg once daily (LIR1.2QD), and placebo treatment, with mean differences of −1.07 kg (95% CI: −2.41, −0.02), −2.38 kg (95% CI: −3.71, −1.06), −1.62 kg (95% CI: −2.79, −0.43), and −1.92 kg (95% CI: −2.61, −1.24), respectively. Reductions of weight treated with liraglutide—1.8 mg once daily (LIR1.8QD) reach statistical significance (−1.43 kg (95% CI: −2.73, −0.15)) versus LIR1.2QD and (−0.98 kg (95% CI: −1.94, −0.02)) versus placebo. Network meta-analysis found that EX10BID, LIR1.8QD, and EX2QW obtained a higher proportion of patients with weight loss than other traditional hypoglycemic agents. Our results suggest GLP-1 RAs are promising candidates for weight control in comparison with traditional hypoglycemic drugs, and EX10BID, LIR1.8QD, and EX2QW rank the top three drugs.
Heparin-Bonded Viabahn and Drug-Eluting Bare Metal Zilver (PTX) Sandwich Stents in Femoral Chronic Total Occlusion: A Retrospective Review of Mid-Term and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Awwad Amir , Al-Obaydi Waleed , Yong Yao Pey , Habib Said B.
Published: January 2015

Articles describe a retrospective cohort study to assess the feasibility of reducing neointimal hyperplasia following interventions in chronic total occlusive peripheral vascular disease. The “sandwich” technique implemented is a novel modified angioplasty technique that combines heparin-bonded (Viabahn) stents with drug-eluting stents (Zilver PTX) deployed during arterial recanalisation. A review of 46 cases underwent this procedure at our institution as a limb saving procedure is conducted to determine mid-long-term patency outcomes and identify any subsequent interventions. Followup demonstrates favourable mid-long-term patency in 50% of TASC-C cases. No documented postprocedural complications were noted with unrelated observed mortality rates in either TASC-C or TASC-D subgroups. An observed advantage could be gained by using this new stenting technique via the subintimal recanalisation route. Albeit not statistically significant, type II diabetics and patients on aspiring had better sustained patency angioplasties. The sandwich technique has been shown to effectively offer symptoms relief and reduce total duration of hospital stay. Study findings support the need to evaluate the long-term efficacy through a larger longitudinal prospective study. However, to overcome the encountered study limitations, a well-structured methodology for comparison with conventional angioplasty techniques is essential to assess the synergetic potential of the sandwich technique.
Maximal Midpoint-Free Subsets of Integers
Authors: Eggleton Roger B.
Published: January 2015

A set S⊂Z is midpoint-free if no ordered triple a,b,c∈S3 satisfies a+c=2b and a<b<c. Midpoint-free subsets of Z+ and Z are studied, with emphasis on those sets characterized by restrictions on the base m digits of their elements when 3≤m≤14, and with particular attention to maximal midpoint-free subsets with m∈3,4,7,9,…,13.
Microstructures and Toughening of TiC-TiB2Ceramic Composites with Cr-Based Alloy Phase Prepared by Combustion Synthesis in High-Gravity Field
Authors: Huang Xuegang , Yin Chun , Zhao Zhongmin , Zhang Long , Wu Junyan
Published: January 2015

Micro-nanocrystalline microstructures which are characterized by TiB2platelets of the average thickness close to or smaller than 1 μm can be achieved in nearly full-density solidified TiC-TiB2ceramic composites with Cr-based alloy phases by combustion synthesis in ultra-high gravity field of 2500 g. The filler phases in ceramic composites are actually Cr-based alloy with a little solidified solution of Ni atoms and Al atoms. The hardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the materials are 18.5 ± 1.5 GPa, 650 ± 35 MPa, and 16.5 ± 1.5 MPa⋅m0.5, respectively. The improved fracture toughness of TiC-TiB2ceramic composites results from crack deflection, crack bridging, and pull-out by a large number of fine TiB2platelets and plastic deformation with some Cr-based alloy phases.
Effects of Yoga on Utero-Fetal-Placental Circulation in High-Risk Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rakhshani Abbas , Nagarathna Raghuram , Mhaskar Rita , Mhaskar Arun , Thomas Annamma , Gunasheela Sulochana
Published: January 2015

Introduction. Impaired placentation and inadequate trophoblast invasion have been associated with the etiology of many pregnancy complications and have been correlated with the first trimester uterine artery resistance. Previous studies have shown the benefits of yoga in improving pregnancy outcomes and those of yogic visualization in revitalizing the human tissues.Methods. 59 high-risk pregnant women were randomized into yoga (n= 27) and control (n= 32) groups. The yoga group received standard care plus yoga sessions (1 hour/day, 3 times/week), from 12th to 28th week of gestation. The control group received standard care plus conventional antenatal exercises (walking). Measurements were assessed at 12th, 20th, and 28th weeks of gestation.Results. RM-ANOVA showed significantly higher values in the yoga group (28th week) for biparietal diameter (P= 0.001), head circumference (P= 0.002), femur length (P= 0.005), and estimated fetal weight (P= 0.019). The resistance index in the right uterine artery (P= 0.01), umbilical artery (P= 0.011), and fetal middle cerebral artery (P= 0.048) showed significantly lower impedance in the yoga group.Conclusion. The results of this first randomized study of yoga in high-risk pregnancy suggest that guided yogic practices and visualization can improve the intrauterine fetal growth and the utero-fetal-placental circulation.
Positive Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variations with Multiple Sclerosis in South East Iranian Population
Authors: Narooie-Nejad Mehrnaz , Moossavi Maryam , Torkamanzehi Adam , Moghtaderi Ali
Published: January 2015

Among the factors postulated to play a role in MS susceptibility, the role of vitamin D is outstanding. Since the function of vitamin D receptor (VDR) represents the effect of vitamin D on the body and genetic variations in VDR gene may affect its function, we aim to highlight the association of two VDR gene polymorphisms with MS susceptibility. In current study, we recruited 113 MS patients and 122 healthy controls. TaqI (rs731236) and ApaI (rs7975232) genetic variations in these two groups were evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. All genotype and allele frequencies in both variations showed association with the disease status. However, to find the definite connection between genetic variations in VDR gene and MS disease in a population of South East of Iran, more researches on gene structure and its function with regard to patients’ conditions are required.
A Dynamic Integrated Fault Diagnosis Method for Power Transformers
Authors: Gao Wensheng , Bai Cuifen , Liu Tong
Published: January 2015

In order to diagnose transformer fault efficiently and accurately, a dynamic integrated fault diagnosis method based on Bayesian network is proposed in this paper. First, an integrated fault diagnosis model is established based on the causal relationship among abnormal working conditions, failure modes, and failure symptoms of transformers, aimed at obtaining the most possible failure mode. And then considering the evidence input into the diagnosis model is gradually acquired and the fault diagnosis process in reality is multistep, a dynamic fault diagnosis mechanism is proposed based on the integrated fault diagnosis model. Different from the existing one‐step diagnosis mechanism, it includes a multistep evidence‐selection process, which gives the most effective diagnostic test to be performed in next step. Therefore, it can reduce unnecessary diagnostic tests and improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis. Finally, the dynamic integrated fault diagnosis method is applied to actual cases, and the validity of this method is verified.
Selection Theory of Dendritic Growth with Anisotropic Diffusion
Authors: von Kurnatowski Martin , Kassner Klaus
Published: January 2015

Dendritic patterns frequently arise when a crystal grows into its own undercooled melt. Latent heat released at the two-phase boundary is removed by some transport mechanism, and often the problem can be described by a simple diffusion model. Its analytic solution is based on a perturbation expansion about the case without capillary effects. The length scale of the pattern is determined by anisotropic surface tension, which provides the mechanism for stabilizing the dendrite. In the case of liquid crystals, diffusion can be anisotropic too. Growth is faster in the direction of less efficient heat transport (inverted growth). Any physical solution should include this feature. A simple spatial rescaling is used to reduce the bulk equation in 2D to the case of isotropic diffusion. Subsequently, an eigenvalue problem for the growth mode results from the interface conditions. The eigenvalue is calculated numerically and the selection problem of dendritic growth with anisotropic diffusion is solved. The length scale is predicted and a quantitative description of the inverted growth phenomenon is given. It is found that anisotropic diffusion cannot take the stabilizing role of anisotropic surface tension.
The DarkSide Multiton Detector for the Direct Dark Matter Search
Authors: Aalseth C. E. , Agnes P. , Alton A. , Arisaka K. , Asner D. M. , Back H. O. , Baldin B. , Biery K. , Bonfini G. , Bossa M. , Brigatti A. , Brodsky J. , Budano F. , Cadonati L. , Cadoni M. , Calaprice F. , Canci N. , Candela A. , Cao H. , Cariello M. , Cavalcante P. , Chepurnov A. , Cocco A. G. , Condon C. , Crippa L. , D’Angelo D. , D’Incecco M. , Davini S. , De Deo M. , Derbin A. , Devoto A. , Di Eusanio F. , Edkins E. , Empl A. , Fan A. , Fiorillo G. , Fomenko K. , Forster G. , Foxe M. , Franco D. , Gabriele F. , Galbiati C. , Goretti A. , Grandi L. , Gromov M. , Guan M. Y. , Guardincerri Y. , Hackett B. , Herner K. , Hime A. , Humble P. , Hungerford E. , Ianni Al. , Ianni An. , Jaffe D. E. , Jollet C. , Keeter K. , Kendziora C. , Kidner S. , Kobychev V. , Koh G. , Korablev D. , Korga G. , Kurlej A. , Li P. X. , Lissia M. , Lombardi P. , Ludhova L. , Luitz S. , Lukyachenko G. , Ma Y. Q. , Machulin I. , Mandarano A. , Mari S. M. , Maricic J. , Marini L. , Markov D. , Martoff J. , Meregaglia A. , Meroni E. , Meyers P. D. , Miletic T. , Milincic R. , Montuschi M. , Monzani M. E. , Mosteiro P. , Mount B. , Muratova V. , Musico P. , Montanari D. , Nelson A. , Odrowski S. , Odrzywolek A. , Orrell J. L. , Orsini M. , Ortica F. , Pagani L. , Pallavicini M. , Pantic E. , Parmeggiano S. , Parsells B. , Pelczar K. , Pelliccia N. , Perasso S. , Perasso L. , Pocar A. , Pordes S. , Pugachev D. , Qian H. , Randle K. , Ranucci G. , Razeto A. , Recine K. , Reinhold B. , Renshaw A. , Romani A. , Rossi N. , Rossi B. , Rountree S. D. , Sablone D. , Saggese P. , Saldanha R. , Sands W. , Sangiorgio S. , Segreto E. , Semenov D. , Shields E. , Skorokhvatov M. , Smallcomb M. , Smirnov O. , Sotnikov A. , Suvurov Y. , Tartaglia R. , Tatarowicz J. , Testera G. , Tonazzo A. , Unzhakov E. , Vogelaar R. B. , Wada M. , Walker S. E. , Wang H. , Wang Y. , Watson A. W. , Westerdale S. , Williams R. , Wojcik M. , Xu J. , Yang C. G. , Yoo J. , Yu B. , Zavatarelli S. , Zhong W. L. , Zuzel G.
Published: January 2015

Although the existence of dark matter is supported by many evidences, based on astrophysical measurements, its nature is still completely unknown. One major candidate is represented by weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which could in principle be detected through their collisions with ordinary nuclei in a sensitive target, producing observable low-energy (<100 keV) nuclear recoils. The DarkSide program aims at the WIPMs detection using a liquid argon time projection chamber (LAr-TPC). In this paper we quickly review the DarkSide program focusing in particular on the next generation experiment DarkSide-G2, a 3.6-ton LAr-TPC. The different detector components are described as well as the improvements needed to scale the detector from DarkSide-50 (50 kg LAr-TPC) up to DarkSide-G2. Finally, the preliminary results on background suppression and expected sensitivity are presented.
Real-Coded Quantum-Inspired Genetic Algorithm-Based BP Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Liu Jianyong , Wang Huaixiao , Sun Yangyang , Fu Chengqun , Guo Jie
Published: January 2015

The method that the real-coded quantum-inspired genetic algorithm (RQGA) used to optimize the weights and threshold of BP neural network is proposed to overcome the defect that the gradient descent method makes the algorithm easily fall into local optimal value in the learning process. Quantum genetic algorithm (QGA) is with good directional global optimization ability, but the conventional QGA is based on binary coding; the speed of calculation is reduced by the coding and decoding processes. So, RQGA is introduced to explore the search space, and the improved varied learning rate is adopted to train the BP neural network. Simulation test shows that the proposed algorithm is effective to rapidly converge to the solution conformed to constraint conditions.
Self-Medication Practices among Parents in Italy
Authors: Garofalo Luca , Di Giuseppe Gabriella , Angelillo Italo F.
Published: January 2015

The aims of this cross-sectional survey were to document the prevalence, the determinants, and the reasons of oral medication use without the prescription of a physician among a random sample of 672 parents of students attending randomly selected public schools in Italy. A total of 69.2% practiced self-medication at least once. The odds of having performed a self-medication were higher in females, in younger population, and in those who have had a health problem in the preceding year and were lower in respondents with a middle or lower school level of education. Among those reporting experience of self-medication, 53.4% have practiced at least once in the last year and this was more likely for those who have had a health problem. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were more frequently used without a prescription in the last year. Two-thirds inappropriately self-medicated in the last year at least once. Of those who did not report a self-medication, 13.1% were willing to practice it. Females were more willing and those with a secondary school level of education less willing to practice self-medication. The frequency of oral self-medication was quite high and in most cases inappropriate with a potential impact on the health status and educative programs are needed.
Characterization and Modeling of Received Signal Strength and Charging Time for Wireless Energy Transfer
Authors: Baroudi Uthman , Qureshi Amin-ud-din , Mekid Samir
Published: January 2015

Wireless sensor networks can provide effective means for monitoring and controlling a wide range of applications. Recently, tremendous effort was directed towards devising sensors powered from ambient sources such as heat, wind, and vibration. Wireless energy transfer is another source that has attractive features that make it a promising candidate for supplying power to wireless sensor nodes. This paper is concerned with characterizing and modeling the charging time and received signal strength indicator for wireless energy transfer system. These parameters play a vital role in deciding the geometry of sensor network and the routing protocols to be deployed. The development of communication protocols for wireless-powered wireless sensor networks is also improved with the knowledge of such models. These two quantities were computed from data acquired at various coordinates of the harvester relative to a fixed position of RF energy source. Data was acquired for indoor and outdoor scenarios using the commercially available PowerCast energy harvester and evaluation board. Mathematical models for both indoor and outdoor environments were developed and analyzed. A few guidelines on how to use these models were suggested. Finally, the possibility of harvesting the energy from the ambient RF power to energize wireless sensor nodes was also investigated.
Dietary Factors in the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Agim Zeynep S. , Cannon Jason R.
Published: January 2015

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The majority of cases do not arise from purely genetic factors, implicating an important role of environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. Well-established environmental toxins important in PD include pesticides, herbicides, and heavy metals. However, many toxicants linked to PD and used in animal models are rarely encountered. In this context, other factors such as dietary components may represent daily exposures and have gained attention as disease modifiers. Severalin vitro, in vivo, and human epidemiological studies have found a variety of dietary factors that modify PD risk. Here, we critically review findings on association between dietary factors, including vitamins, flavonoids, calorie intake, caffeine, alcohol, and metals consumed via food and fatty acids and PD. We have also discussed key data on heterocyclic amines that are produced in high-temperature cooked meat, which is a new emerging field in the assessment of dietary factors in neurological diseases. While more research is clearly needed, significant evidence exists that specific dietary factors can modify PD risk.
Modeling of the Diffusion Bond for SPF/DB Titanium Hollow Structures
Authors: Chai Xianghai , Zhang Xiaoyun , Wang Zhiqiang , Liu Yesheng
Published: January 2015

Diffusion-bonded titanium hollow warren structures have been successfully applied in aircraft engine components, such as fan blade, and OGV, while the optimal design of the hollow warren structure to improve its impact resistance, especially under bird-strike event, has been a challenge. In this work, a series of impact tests and numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of key geometric features on the overall impact strength of a panel-shaped titanium hollow warren structure. Based on experimental and numerical studies, a quantitative relationship between diffusion bonding seam strength and the overall impact strength is developed. Meanwhile, key geometric factors affecting the resultant bonding seam strength for a typical manufacturing process are identified. This work provides useful references for the optimal design to increase impact resistance for aircraft engine hollow warren structure components.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Pretreated with HGF and FGF4 Can Reduce Liver Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Shams Sulaiman , Mohsin Sadia , Nasir Ghazanfar Ali , Khan Mohsin , Khan Shaheen N.
Published: January 2015

Stem cells have opened a new avenue to treat liver fibrosis. We investigated in vitro and in vivo the effect of cytokine (HGF and FGF4) pretreated MSCs in reduction of CCl4liver injury. Mouse MSCs were pretreated with cytokines to improve their ability to reduce CCl4injury. In vitro we gave CCl4injury to mouse hepatocytes and cocultured it with untreated and cytokines pretreated MSCs. For in vivo study we labeled MSCs with PKH-26 and transplanted them into CCl4injured mice by direct injection into liver. In vitro data showed that cytokines pretreated MSCs significantly reduce LDH level and apoptotic markers in CCl4injured hepatocytes cocultured model. Furthermore the cytokines pretreated MSCs also improved cell viability and enhanced hepatic and antiapoptotic markers in injured hepatocytes cocultured model as compared to untreated MSCs. In vivo data in cytokines pretreated group demonstrated greater homing of MSCs in liver, restored glycogen storage, and significant reduction in collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels. TUNEL assay and real time PCR also supported our hypothesis. Therefore, cytokines pretreated MSCs were shown to have a better therapeutic potential on reduction of liver injury. These results demonstrated the potential utility of this novel idea of cytokines pretreated MSCs for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Evaluating the Feasibility of Performing Window of Opportunity Trials in Breast Cancer
Authors: Arnaout Angel , Robertson Susan , Kuchuk Iryna , Simos Demetrios , Pond Gregory R. , Addison Christina L. , Namazi Mehrzad , Clemons Mark
Published: January 2015

Background. The waiting period to surgery represents a valuable “window of opportunity” to evaluate novel therapeutic strategies. Interventional studies performed during this period require significant multidisciplinary collaboration to overcome logistical hurdles. We undertook a one-year prospective window of opportunity study to assess feasibility.Methods. Eligible newly diagnosed postmenopausal, estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients awaiting primary surgery received anastrozole daily until surgery. Feasibility was assessed by (a) the proportion of patients who consented and (b) completed the study. Comparison of pre- and poststudy Ki67 labelling index and cleaved caspase 3 scores (CC3) was performed.Results. 22/131 (16.8%) patients were confirmed eligible and 20/22 (91%) patients completed the study. 19/20 (95%) patients agreed to undergo optional additional tissue biopsies. The mean duration of anastrozole use was 24.7 (15–44) days. There were a statistically significant decline in mean Ki67 indices of 48.8% (p<0.001) and a trend towards significance in the decline of CC3 (p=0.17) when comparing pre- with posttreatment values.Conclusion. window of opportunity trials in breast cancer are a feasible way of assessing the biologic efficacy of different therapies in the presurgical setting. The majority of eligible women were willing to participate including undergoing additional tissue biopsies.
Nonfragile RobustH∞Filter Design for a Class of Fuzzy Stochastic Systems with Stochastic Input-to-State Stability
Authors: Li Ze , Gu Feng , He Yuqing , Hao Wanjun
Published: January 2015

The nonfragileH∞filtering problem for a kind of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy stochastic system which has a time-varying delay and parameter uncertainties has been studied in this paper. Sufficient conditions for stochastic input-to-state stability (SISS) of the fuzzy stochastic systems are obtained. Attention is focused on the design of a nonfragileH∞filter such that the filtering error system can tolerate some level of the gain variations in the filter and theH∞performance level also could be satisfied. By using the SISS result, the approach to design the nonfragile filter is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Two Chaotic Patterns of Dynamic Risk Definition for Solving Hazardous Materials Routing Problem
Authors: Mahmoudabadi Abbas
Published: January 2015

In the case of determining routes for hazardous material transportation, risk is considered as a main attribute. Transport risk, which is usually combined with other attributes such as cost or travel time, plays a significant role in determining paths for hazardous materials transportation. Since, risk is chaotically affected by road incidents, decision makers are dealing with selecting a method for defining chaotic risk factors in hazmat transportation. In this paper, transport risk has been defined as a chaotic variable using two different methods of generating chaotic patterns. In an experimental road network, which consists of eighty-nine nodes and one hundred and one two-way links, two different methods of generating chaotic variables have been used for applying the proposed procedure. In addition, results for different amounts of risk and cost have also been analyzed in case study. Results revealed that different cost and risk priorities change the frequencies of selected paths determined for hazmat transportation, but the route convergence of the route to chaos method is better than that of the logistic map equation.