bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Under the Aegis of Man”: The Right to Development and the Origins of the New International Economic Order
Authors: Whelan Daniel J.
Published: March 2015

This article explores how the idea of a “right to development” first emerged at the UN, and how it became a normative cornerstone for one of the main pillars of the program of the New International Economic Order (NIEO) in the 1970s—the Charter on the Economic Rights and Duties of States (CERDS). While the idea of a right to development began as a strident and sometimes fiery demand, its transformation into the CERDS contributed to the cooling of its tone. After the adoption of the NIEO, the right would be resurrected again—as a human right—in the late 1970s.
The New International Economic Order: A Reintroduction
Authors: Gilman Nils
Published: March 2015

The most widely discussed transnational governance reform initiative of the 1970s, the New International Economic Order (NIEO) called for fundamental legal, economic, and political transformations to international institutions and norms designed to redirect more of the benefits of transnational integration toward the developing nations of the Global South. This special issue of Humanity reconsiders the claims of the NIEO in light of recent debates about global governance, and suggests that the NIEO’s proposals for an alternative global order continue to haunt the global geopolitical imaginary.
North/South: The United States Responds to the New International Economic Order
Authors: Sargent Daniel J.
Published: March 2015

Launched in 1974, the Group of 77’s appeal for a New International Economic Order (NIEO) challenged the liberal international economic order that the United States had built during the 1940s and still superintended. This article follows the responses of U.S. policymakers in the mid-1970s to the NIEO and its proponents. U.S. officials, it argues, concurred that the NIEO was a challenge to the postwar status quo but disagreed as to how that challenge should be met. Within the Ford administration (1974–77), Secretary of State Henry Kissinger favored prudent appeasement; others preferred to confront the G-77, resulting in a confused and partial policy. While the Carter administration (1977–81) proved more inclined to conciliate the G-77, its efforts, too, encountered significant obstacles, with the result that its response to the NIEO proved no more constructive than the Ford administration’s had been.
Socialist Globalization against Capitalist Neocolonialism: The Economic Ideas behind the New International Economic Order
Authors: Bockman Johanna
Published: March 2015

Much globalization scholarship assumes that the United States and other advanced industrialized capitalist countries are the primary agents of globalization. However, when we examine economic globalization more closely and from the perspective of Second- and Third-World institutions, we can see that the Non-Aligned Movement, the Second World, and the Third World more broadly worked hard to create a global economy in the face of active resistance by the United States and other current and former colonial powers, which sought to maintain the economic status quo of the colonial system. This article explores one of the centers of global economic thought and policy for the New International Economic Order (NIEO): the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
African Socialism and the Limits of Global Familyhood: Tanzania and the New International Economic Order in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Lal Priya
Published: March 2015

This essay contextualizes the emergence of the NIEO—as an ideological formation and political project—from the particular vantage point of early postcolonial Tanzania. The political imagination of Tanzanian leaders was never imprisoned within binaries opposing formal colonialism to independent nationhood, capitalism to socialism, or individual rights to collective rights. Moving among, between, and within these discursive and material poles, Julius Nyerere and other leftist African leaders forged a variety of political languages, agendas, and policies throughout the 1960s and 70s in response to a shared set of obstacles to the interlinked goals of economic sovereignty and development.
The New International Economic Order, Interdependence, and Globalization
Authors: McFarland Victor
Published: March 2015

This article examines two competing visions of global economic “interdependence” during the 1970s. The first was a hopeful vision proclaimed by the advocates of the New International Economic Order (NIEO), who saw interdependence as an opportunity to bring about greater economic equality between developed and developing nations. The NIEO’s critics argued for a more pessimistic view, emphasizing the way that interdependence transmitted economic shocks between countries and gave all nations a stake in maintaining the stability of the existing order. Despite their disagreements, however, both these visions shared the assumption that the global economy was governed by political rules and could be managed by collective state action. That assumption was increasingly challenged after the 1970s, leaving the NIEO debate as an important window into an era before more purely market-oriented visions of the global economy took hold.
“In the Interests of Mankind as a Whole”: Mohammed Bedjaoui’s New International Economic Order
Authors: Özsu Umut
Published: March 2015

This article revisits the work of Mohammed Bedjaoui, the Algerian jurist and diplomat who played a key role in coordinating efforts to garner support for the NIEO. Focusing on his 1979 study Towards a New International Economic Order, it examines Bedjaoui’s attempt to ground his call for a structural transformation of world order in a sustained defense of legal universalism and closely related critique of legal formalism. Further, it argues that this insistence on a wholesale reconfiguration of international life can only be appreciated against the background of Bedjaoui’s decades-long engagement with the Third World, including, crucially, his involvement in the Algerian war of national liberation.
Bookend to Bandung: The New International Economic Order and the Antinomies of the Bandung Era
Authors: Benjamin Bret
Published: March 2015

The 1974 Declaration of a New International Economic Order (NIEO) is best understood as a closing expression of what might be conceived as “the Bandung Era.” Recognizing strong utopian currents of ambition and innovation within the NIEO, this essay nevertheless sees the NIEO as a retreat into international law and away from the mass movement workers’ radicalism that was evident (though still riven with contradictions) in the 1955 Asian-African Conference in Bandung, Indonesia. Periodizing the Bandung conference and the NIEO Declaration as bookends of a single era enables us to consider the dynamic relationship between the state and capital in the era of decolonization, and hence to more fully consider the legacies of both moments.
Legal Aspects of the New International Economic Order
Authors: Anghie Antony
Published: March 2015

This essay surveys the different legal initiatives and strategies undertaken by Third World States in their efforts to create the NIEO. It argues that the inherently colonial character of international law prevented many Third World ambitions from being realized, and that these initiatives were unable to prevent the advance of neo-colonial power through private actors such as corporations. Further, it suggests that Western responses to the NIEO were important for the legal framework supporting the later emergence of neo-liberalism. Finally it reflects on the significance of the NIEO in the context of the emergence of the BRICS.
The Silly, Strange, and Absurd Nature of Sport: An Analysis of Sports Illustrated ’s “Sign of the Apocalypse”
Authors: Kassing Jeffrey W. , Solheim Cortney
Published: March 2015

As the oldest and most prominent sports magazine in the United States, Sports Illustrated has received considerable attention and critique from sports scholars. This work extends that research tradition by examining the content of the magazine’s weekly feature “Sign of the Apocalypse.” The short, anecdotal proclamation humorously frames and publicizes absurd and unusual aspects of sport. Seemingly easy to dismiss, the feature provides a powerful location from which to leverage criticism against sport as a flawed social institution. Thus, this investigation sought to uncover the particular aspects of sport that “Sign of the Apocalypse” identified routinely. This was achieved through a grounded theory analysis of a sample drawn from the collection of installments available since the feature’s inception in 1993. Themes that appeared regularly included (a) commodification, (b) miscues and inappropriateness, (c) social transgression, (d) egotism of athletes, (e) fan behavior, (f) gamesmanship and cheating, (g) governance, (h) the wacky world of sports, and (i) violence.
The Relationship of Fans’ Sports-Team Identification and Facebook Usage to Purchase of Team Products
Authors: Moyer Caitlin , Pokrywczynski Jim , Griffin Robert J.
Published: March 2015

Social media has become a regular direct marketing component for sports teams. This study explores the link between team identification and use of a professional sports team’s social-media channels. Questions to answer include, Does social media impact identification fans have with a team or vice versa? What does the amount of social-media use do to impact the relationship? Does this activity lead to increased sales of tickets and merchandise? Data collected by an Internet survey of fans of a professional baseball team show a positive relationship between team identification and use of the team’s Facebook page as well as to team related purchases. Implications for theorists understanding the role of social media in branding as well as implications for sports marketing are discussed.
Craving the Scoop: An Examination of Highly Identified Fans’ Utilization of Subscription-Based College-Recruiting Networks
Authors: Mudrick Michael , Lupinek Joshua
Published: March 2015

The growing popularity of specialized college-recruiting networks has provided a unique venue for sport consumers to promote and sustain their fandom. With a distinctive subscription-based offering, fans can develop camaraderie in addition to immersing themselves in information on current and future aspects of their favorite team. The purpose of this study is to examine the peculiar indulgences sought and obtained by highly identified fans through the paid use of college-recruiting networks. The current study follows up on previous quantitative explorations into the topic, employing uses and gratifications theory as a framework to analyze the underlying motivations of membership. Fifteen highly identified fans of several fbs teams were interviewed. Findings demonstrate the value of segmented information; recruiting’s impact on collective self-identity; and how utilization of interactive features of these sites provides a strong sense of community, while also allowing for vicarious participation within the scope of new media.
Using the Rhetoric of Atonement to Analyze Lance Armstrong’s Failed Attempt at Redeeming His Public Image
Authors: Thomsen Steven R. , Anderson Harper
Published: March 2015

In October 2012 former seven-time Tour de France champion Lance Armstrong was stripped of his victories and banned from professional cycling after the United States Anti-Doping Agency ( usada ) reported that he had lied about secretly using performance-enhancing drugs throughout his career. This essay analyzes the apologetic and atonement strategies employed by Armstrong during a two-part television interview with Oprah Winfrey in January 2013. Our analysis uses the framework of Benoit’s (1995) theory of image restoration discourse, Koesten and Rowland’s (2004) discussion on atonement rhetoric, and Shepard’s (2009) theory of simulated atonement. In this essay, we argue that Armstrong’s attempts at offering a public apology were undermined by his continued evasion of responsibility and his failure to outline a corrective course of action. Throughout the interview, Armstrong refused to describe his behavior as cheating and repeated past claims that he was merely a victim of the doping culture in professional cycling. We conclude that this failure to provide an authentic rhetorical atonement prevented him from redeeming himself among media and fans, as indicated by an examination of postinterview responses from the media and the public.
Everyone Loves a Winner?: Relationships between Olympic Success and Nationalism within a Six-Nation Composite
Authors: Billings Andrew C. , Brown Kenon A. , Brown-Devlin Natalie
Published: March 2015

A total of 1,025 respondents from six nations (Australia, Bulgaria, China, the Netherlands, Slovenia, and the United States) were surveyed about their media use and nationalized feelings in the week immediately following the London 2012 Olympics. These results were then tested in relation to the relative successes of each of the six nations within the 2012 Games. Results showed that all four factors of nationalized cognitions (patriotism, nationalism, internationalism, and smugness) were significantly related to the role of winning for each of the nations within the composite. Theoretical and applied conclusions are offered.
From Bad Buck to White Hope: Journalism and Sonny Liston, 1958–1965
Authors: Hutchison Phillip J.
Published: March 2015

This study illustrates how mainstream journalists employed racial stereotypes to depict controversial Black American boxer Sonny Liston in the early 1960s. The historical-critical narrative employs Raymond Williams’s theory of hegemony to account for the vacillating media portrayals of the boxer over time, particularly before and after Muhammad Ali emerged as a social problem for White America. This perspective highlights both the practices and the social fissures that defined sports and media promotions during that era.
The real-time comprehension of WH-dependencies in a WH-agreement language
Authors: Wagers Matthew , Borja Manuel F. , Chung Sandra
Published: March 2015

In the verb-initial language Chamorro, an Austronesian language of the Mariana Islands, wh -dependencies exhibit a special verbal inflection known as wh-agreement : verbs along the path of the wh -dependency are inflected for the grammatical relation of the gap and the intermediate landing sites of the filler. Two on-line comprehension experiments conducted in the Northern Mariana Islands reveal that the morphological paradigm of wh -agreement affects the timing of dependency formation and interpretation in this language. Overt wh -agreement facilitates the formation of a wh -dependency. When overt wh -agreement could occur but does not, however, its absence delays and attenuates wh -dependency formation. In short, morphological information exerts a powerful influence on the unfolding parse, one that has temporal priority over syntactic information, such as word order, and semantic information, such as argument structure.
Morphosyntactic complexity: A typology of lexical splits
Authors: Corbett Greville G.
Published: March 2015

A key notion in understanding language is ‘possible word (lexeme)’. While there are lexemes that are internally homogeneous and externally consistent, we find others with splits in their internal structure (morphological paradigm) and inconsistencies in their external behavior (syntactic requirements). I first explore the characteristics of the most straightforward lexemes, in order to establish a point in the theoretical space from which we can calibrate the real examples we find. I then schematize the interesting phenomena that deviate from this idealization, including suppletion, syncretism, deponency, and defectiveness. Next I analyze the different ways in which lexemes are ‘split’ by such phenomena. I set out a typology of possible splits, along four dimensions: splits that are (i) based on the composition/feature signature of the paradigm versus those based solely on morphological form; (ii) motivated (following a boundary motivated from outside the paradigm) versus purely morphology-internal (‘morphomic’); (iii) regular (extending across the lexicon) versus irregular (lexically specified); (iv) externally relevant versus irrelevant: we expect splits to be internal to the lexeme, but some have external relevance (they require different syntactic behaviors). I identify instances of these four dimensions separately: they are orthogonal, and therefore not dependent on each other. Their interaction gives a substantial typology, and it proves to be surprisingly complete: the possibilities specified are all attested. The typology also allows for the unexpected patterns of behavior to overlap in particular lexemes, producing some remarkable examples. Such examples show that the notion ‘possible word’ is more challenging than many linguists have realized.
Ancestry-constrained phylogenetic analysis supports the Indo-European steppe hypothesis
Authors: Chang Will , Cathcart Chundra , Hall David , Garrett Andrew
Published: March 2015

Abstract: Discussion of Indo-European origins and dispersal focuses on two hypotheses. Qualitative evidence from reconstructed vocabulary and correlations with archaeological data suggest that Indo-European languages originated in the Pontic-Caspian steppe and spread together with cultural innovations associated with pastoralism, beginning c. 6500–5500 bp. An alternative hypothesis, according to which Indo-European languages spread with the diffusion of farming from Anatolia, beginning c. 9500–8000 bp, is supported by statistical phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of lexical traits. The time and place of the Indo-European ancestor language therefore remain disputed. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis in which ancestry constraints permit more accurate inference of rates of change, based on observed changes between ancient or medieval languages and their modern descendants, and we show that the result strongly supports the steppe hypothesis. Positing ancestry constraints also reveals that homoplasy is common in lexical traits, contrary to the assumptions of previous work. We show that lexical traits undergo recurrent evolution due to recurring patterns of semantic and morphological change.
Invariance in argument realization: The case of Iroquoian
Authors: Koenig Jean-Pierre , Michelson Karin
Published: March 2015

The relevance of the concepts of local syntactic selection and constraints on locally selected dependents in modeling how arguments are syntactically realized has been virtually unchallenged and is assumed to be universal. In this article, we examine more closely these assumptions and ask whether there is anything invariant in the realization of arguments. We argue that the facts of Oneida, and Iroquoian in general, suggest the answer to this question is N o . There is no use in Oneida for local selection of phrases realizing semantic arguments (and lexical records of this selection), and words are, as a result, functionally complete. We also argue that there is no use for a level of argument structure or any analogous notion in Oneida. The kinds of processes that justify positing such a level are systematically absent. The facts of Oneida suggest that there is less universality in the syntax/semantics interface (particularly when it comes to the realization of semantic arguments) than is typically assumed and that languages may vary widely in the way semantics is mapped onto syntax. We end with a formal model of the relevant fragment of Oneida within head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG).
The foot domain in Bambara
Authors: Green Christopher R.
Published: March 2015

Recent research has shed new light on the role and characteristics of prosodic domains, including segmental and tonal feet, in an array of languages. This research extends to African languages, but much work remains to be done. Tonal African languages are particularly problematic, as correlates of stress or metrical prominence are often not well defined or are absent altogether. In addition, descriptive work may omit details of the structure and function of prosodic domains. An exception to this is Bambara, where research implicates a pivotal role for foot structure in segmental and tonal processes. These processes reference a foot domain; however, there are conflicting accounts of certain defining characteristics of its structure. This article aims to challenge two long-held claims about Bambara prosodic structure. The data presented support a claim that all Bambara feet are uniformly trochaic and parsed from left to right in all instances. I intend to illustrate that Bambara segmental and tonal feet are a single, structurally unified prosodic entity.
Learning nonadjacent dependencies in phonology: Transparent vowels in vowel harmony
Authors: Finley Sara
Published: March 2015

Nonadjacent dependencies are an important part of the structure of language. While the majority of syntactic and phonological processes occur at a local domain, there are several processes that appear to apply at a distance, posing a challenge for theories of linguistic structure. This article addresses one of the most common nonadjacent phenomena in phonology: transparent vowels in vowel harmony. Vowel harmony occurs when adjacent vowels are required to share the same phonological feature value (e.g. V +F C V +F ). However, transparent vowels create a second-order nonadjacent pattern because agreement between two vowels can ‘skip’ the transparent neutral vowel in addition to consonants (e.g. V +F C V T –F C V +F ). Adults are shown to display initial learning biases against second-order nonadjacency in experiments that use an artificial grammar learning paradigm. Experiments 1–3 show that adult learners fail to learn the second-order long-distance dependency created by the transparent vowel (as compared to a control condition). In experiments 4–5, training in terms of overall exposure as well as the frequency of relevant transparent items was increased. With adequate exposure, learners reliably generalize to novel words containing transparent vowels. The experiments suggest that learners are sensitive to the structure of phonological representations, even when learning occurs at a relatively rapid pace.
Rare -class adjectives in the tough -construction
Authors: Fleisher Nicholas
Published: March 2015

I examine the behavior of rare and other frequency adjectives in the tough -construction (TC). Due to the effects of a heretofore overlooked semantic selectional restriction, such adjectives have not generally been recognized as grammatical in the TC. I show here that they do occur grammatically in this construction when the relevant selectional restriction is satisfied. Specifically, as it does in non-TC sentences, rare in the TC requires that its subject be kind-denoting, a requirement not imposed on the embedded-clause gap position whose reference the TC matrix subject controls. In this, TCs with rare exemplify a previously unattested selectional and thematic asymmetry in the construction. On their face, the facts appear to argue strongly in favor of treating the rare -TC matrix subject as a thematic argument of the TC matrix predicate, an intriguing and challenging prospect given the fact that such an analysis has been roundly (though not universally) rejected for canonical TCs. Instead, I take the prima facie counterintuitive position that the rare -TC matrix subject is not a thematic argument of the TC matrix predicate; I argue that rare -TCs are thematically and syntactically identical to canonical TCs in this respect. I propose that the kind-denotation requirement for rare -TC matrix subjects is imposed indirectly, through the interaction of a selectional restriction on the infinitival argument of rare and the Agree calculus (Chomsky 2000, 2001) that identifies the TC matrix subject with the embedded gap position whose reference it controls (Rezac 2004, 2006). Beyond its contribution to our theoretical understanding of the perennially thorny TC, the present study constitutes, to the best of my knowledge, the first detailed empirical investigation of the behavior of adjectives like rare in the TC.
Making Empty Provinces: Eighteenth-Century Enlightenment Regionalism in Russian Provincial Journals
Authors: Smith-Peter Susan
Published: March 2015

This article examines how the idea of Enlightenment regionalism arose and was received in the provinces. Enlightenment regionalism denied the specificity or authenticity of space outside the capitals. Circles around provincial governors and new educational institutions adapted these ideas in four eighteenth-century journals printed in the provinces. Influenced by the genre of topographical descriptions and by the provincial reforms of 1775, these groups saw peripheral space as a source of raw materials, not of meaning, and made empty provinces by erasing specificity and inserting universality.
War and Regeneration: The Great War and Eugenics in Eastern Europe
Authors: Bucur Maria
Published: March 2015

How were healthcare practices altered by massive violent deaths and the epidemics that decimated European societies between 1914 and 1918? How did states, professional healthcare personnel, and other caretakers choose to learn from this trauma? How have historians reflected on these complex shifts? The centenary of the Great War presents an opportunity to reconsider the legacies of this event that reshaped Europe from a variety of perspectives, among them the changes brought about in the field of social medicine. Using my own research on the history of eugenics in eastern Europe as a starting point, I will focus on several departures in historical research that have taken place over the past decade in relation to this theme and suggest a few other directions for future research.
The New Soviet Narkoman : Drugs and Youth in Post-Stalinist Russia
Authors: Miller Brandon Gray
Published: March 2015

Soviet officials routinely remarked that the Bolshevik Revolution had destroyed the socioeconomic base from which drug use and addiction sprung. Yet, authorities also anxiously reported rising instances of drug use among Soviet youth during the 1950s and 1960s. Through the use of recently declassified Komsomol and police documents from Russian archives, this article examines both the consumptive practices of youth and the measures taken by Soviet authorities to combat this development. Within the liberalizing climate of the Khrushchev-era “Thaw,” youth authorities crafted educational and cultural strategies to draw youth away from narcotics. Beginning in the mid-1960s, their emphasis shifted to favor openly punitive strategies as a means of curbing the illegal drug supply and discouraging usage. Contrary to official rhetoric, the consumption of narcotics did not necessarily constitute a political statement or indicate opposition to Soviet power. Instead, drugs could provide an alluring alternative to state-sanctioned leisure practices.
Official Rhetoric and Individual Perceptions of the Soviet Past: Implications for Nation Building in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Umetbaeva Damira
Published: March 2015

Defining the post-Soviet states’ relationship to the Soviet past has been essential in forming their new national state identities. This article examines, first, how the post-Soviet Kyrgyz state reconstructs its Soviet past on the level of official discourse, particularly in school history textbooks, and second, how history teachers—as professionals and private citizens—relate to the official discourse when making sense of the Soviet past. This work illuminates that representations of Soviet socialism in Kyrgyz history textbooks are ambivalent, nuanced, and contradictory, oscillating mainly between two colliding discursive strands of the Soviet Union as a colonial and oppressive power versus the Soviet Union as a nation-and-state building and modernizing state. It also demonstrates how arguing for one or another narrative strand has resulted not only in ambivalent but also in unreconciled contradictory discourses about the Soviet past, thus demonstrating unsuccessful attempts by state ideologists to establish a clear-cut hegemonic discourse about Soviet socialism in the post-Soviet Kyrgyzstani history textbooks. By analysing how history teachers interpret and reconfigure official discourses and individual narratives on the Soviet past, this article argues that the teachers relate to the official discourses ambivalently and cynically, which is reflected in their creative interpretation and negotiation of official textbook texts. It concludes that a post-Soviet nation understood as an imagined community is not a durable but a fragile and temporary imagination.
Russia’s Pivot to Asia: Rationale, Progress, and Prospects for Oil and Gas Cooperation
Authors: Shadrina Elena
Published: March 2015

This article explores Russia’s engagement with Northeast Asia (NEA) in the area of oil and gas and examines the sustainability of Russia’s energy policy vis-à-vis Asia. The study argues that: (1) Russia’s eastward shift is a pragmatic choice to escape the evolution of the EU’s energy-governance institutions to establish a uniformly regulated European energy market, which has become increasingly incompatible with Russia’s state-capitalism mode of energy governance; (2) Russia’s region-specific (Eastern Siberia and Far East) and sector-specific (oil and gas) arrangements prove to be an expedient means to forge Russia’s energy ties with the geopolitically complex region of NEA; (3) to succeed in the long-term, Russia needs to replace its reactive energy policy towards Asia with a proactive attitude vis-à-vis both the evolving individual energy policies of NEA countries and the ongoing institutionalization of the energy markets in the region as a whole.
Illegible Minds: Charlotte Brontë’s Early Writings and the Psychology of Moral Management in Jane Eyre and Villette
Authors: Tressler Beth
Published: March 2015

This essay situates Charlotte Brontë’s novels Jane Eyre and Villette , along with her letters and unpublished poetry, within the nineteenth-century discourse of phrenology and moral management, exposing her ultimate critique of these popular theories as devices of power. Deriving from faculty psychology, both hinged upon self-regulation as a moral necessity, determined by the decipherability of the self. Brontë resisted this established relation between legibility and self-regulation, preferring a theory predicated upon her own developing concept of illegibility -- a potentially limitless imaginative space. The majority of psychologists commonly associated any state of imaginative withdrawal with a lack of inner regulation and moral weakness leading to immorality and insanity. Brontë’s work shows how it is the unrelenting regulation of the imagination through incessant self-control that creates various forms of insanity and becomes ultimately devastating to the self, advocating instead the moral basis of a complex dialectic between self-control and ecstatic self-loss.
Belligerent Instruments: The Documentary Violence of Bleak House
Authors: Daly Suzanne
Published: March 2015

In his 1853 novel Bleak House , Charles Dickens minimizes physical violence and instead creates characters who channel greed, cruelty, or the will to power through the written word. Many of the novel’s most widely remarked-upon rhetorical performances and moments of affective intensity work to make visible the reality, and to stake a claim for the dramatic potential, of what would come to be known a century later as indirect violence. Yet the historical impossibility of articulating this central narrative apparatus attenuates the collective impact of these performances, as do the constraints imposed by the formal conventions of mid-century commercial fiction. Acts of documentary violence in Bleak House thus emerge as nodes of contradiction that simultaneously encode the novel’s warring impulses and convey its most powerful truths.
The Naturalist Sublime in Frank Norris’s The Octopus
Authors: Darvay Daniel
Published: March 2015

In The Octopus: A Story of California (1901) Norris registers the paradoxical architecture of humanity in a distinctively modern fashion by drawing on the aesthetic tradition of the sublime. To fully capture the sense of failure and defeat that goes into the making of modern subjectivity, he turns the physical and intellectual collapse of his characters into a positively uplifting experience rooted in feelings of pleasure and awe. Norris’s protagonists are perplexed and overwhelmed by, but also fatally attracted to, the very force that threatens to destroy them. They turn the physical, emotional, and imaginative failure typifying the sublime into a major building block for the reproduction of the very logic of the brute force that overpowers them. They do so by establishing social hierarchies of dominance meant to control the market economy, class mobility, and gender relations in fin-de-siècle American society.
Arthur Conan Doyle’s “Great New Adventure Story”: Journalism in The Lost World
Authors: Wong Amy R.
Published: March 2015

This essay discusses the critical engagements of Arthur Doyle’s The Lost World (1912) with the rise of journalistic professionalism at the turn of the century. With a focus on features from the novel’s serial publication in George Newnes’s illustrated periodical, the Strand Magazine , this essay argues that this popular work of fiction self-consciously positions itself against what had become a fairly mainstream ideological and generic split between literature and journalism. Through its masquerade as a first-person account mediated by a professional network of journalists and editors, The Lost World integrates conventions of literary romance and objective journalism to combat perspectives on the incompatibility of romance and modern reality.
Incest Trauma and Survival in Patricia Chao’s Monkey King
Authors: Rodi-Risberg Marinella
Published: March 2015

The aim of this essay is to explore the trauma of incest in Patricia Chao’s Monkey King , a novel which places sexual abuse in a context of racism and a history of immigration through the intertextual use of the Chinese Monkey King narrative. It will focus specifically on the trope of survival which is a core feature of trauma theory and Asian American literature alike, and because it is also a reality for Asian Americans, it functions as cultural representation and social critique in Monkey King . Ultimately, I will argue that the novel’s act of breaking the silence of sexual abuse, often culturally reduced to untellable in the Chinese American family story, makes the novel an act of survival and resistance within American literature, implicating readers as witnesses to guarantee its literary and cultural survival.
Constructing Masks of Hypermasculinity: The Depiction of Rampage School Shootings in Contemporary American Novels
Authors: Phipps Gregory
Published: March 2015

Few phenomena exemplify the pervasive threat of gun violence in America more than mass shootings in suburban schools. In recent years, a social discourse has grown in response to the epidemic. Two versions of the school shooter have emerged within this discourse: the hypermasculine figure of infamy and the bullied misfit. This article analyzes Stephen King’s Rage and Lionel Shriver’s We Need to Talk About Kevin , contemporary novels that portray disturbed adolescents who try to occupy the hypermasculine persona. This persona functions as a symbolic mask that the character pieces together from personal conflicts and trauma. Yet the mask also conceals individual identity, serving as a one-dimensional expression of carnivalesque violence, which cultural narratives undercut when the spree is over. The paradox, then, is in the way the characters attempt to solidify an “authentic” hypermasculine identity by donning, for a brief moment, a terrifying and yet generic mask.
Forest Change Dynamics across Levels of Urbanization in the Eastern United States
Authors: Wu Yi-Jei , Thomas Valerie , Oliver Robert
Published: March 2015

La extensa urbanización del litoral oriental de los Estados Unidos ha hecho que los bosques del este actualmente reflejen complejos y dinámicos patrones de cambio dependiendo de la escala espacial y temporal del análisis. Aunque el cambio en la cubierta terrestre y los bosques en los Estados Unidos ha sido estudiado por numerosos autores, el cambio forestal en unidades políticas o administrativas y en los gradientes de urbanizaciones requiere consideración adicional. Los objetivos de esta investigación son (i) determinar si la dinámica del cambio forestal en el este de los EE/UU varía según los niveles de jerarquía urbana (i.e., de rural a micropolitana a metropolitana a mega región); e (ii) identificar y explorar áreas micropolitanas clave que se desvíen de las tendencias anticipadas en los patrones de cambio forestal basadas en investigaciones previas sobre la cubierta terrestre en esta región. Nuestros resultados resaltan la naturaleza dinámica del cambio forestal en la mega región del Piamonte Atlántico e ilustran la naturaleza altamente variable del cambio forestal en las regiones micropolitanas.
Employment Change in Micropolitan America: 1980–2000
Authors: Mulligan Gordon F.
Published: March 2015

Las áreas micropolitanas, o agrupamientos urbanos sub-metropolitanos, se han convertido en una parte importante del paisaje de asentamientos en los Estados Unidos. En estos condados micropolitanos las transacciones entre las industrias son limitadas, por lo tanto las cuestiones de crecimiento y cambio se pueden abordar mediante un análisis de base económica. La investigación actual tanto por este autor como por otros se ha enfocado mayormente en calcular los multiplicadores estáticos del empleo, en los que el nivel de trabajos locales depende del nivel de trabajos de exprtación. Aunque estos multiplicadores pueden ser útiles en la evaluación de los impactos de nuevas inversiones, no capturan los extraordinarios cambios—en la expansión de negocios y el crecimiento de la población—que han ocurrido recientemente en tantos lugares micropolitanos. En respuesta a esto, este trabajo adapta la perspectiva de base económica para resaltar los cambios en el empleo local que se experimentaron a través de más de 550 condados micropolitanos en la nación durante el periodo de 1980–2000. Alternativamente, se calculan los multiplicadores dinámicos en los que el cambio en trabajos locales depende en gran parte del cambio en trabajos de exportación. Además, se consideran los efectos de ingresos no asalariados, especialización inicial, así como una gama de condiciones contextuales (a nivel de condado), que incluyen atracciones naturales y ubicación relativa. Esos cambios que se encuentran en los condados micropolitanos de la nación se comparan a aquéllos que se encuentran en los condados micropolitanos del sureste. Los resultados indican que los cambios en trabajos de exportación son menos importantes y que los cambios en ingresos no asalariados son más importantes en la creación de trabajos locales a través del sureste que en cualquier otro lugar en la nación.
Micropolitan Land Conversion to Development in Appalachia and the Black Belt
Authors: Oliver Robert , Thomas Valerie
Published: March 2015

Este trabajo investiga la conversión de tierras a desarrollo en áreas micropolitanas en Appalachia y el Black Belt. Estas dos áreas tienen legados de desigualdad espacial, con muchos condados históricamente muy por detrás del resto de la nación en términos de bienestar social y económico. Nuestro trabajo se plantea dos cuestiones específicas: (1) ¿Están experimentado las comunidades rurales y micropolitanas en estas regiones patrones de desarrollo similares? (2) ¿Están conectados los patrones de desarrollo al aislamiento geográfico, la población y la densidad de población? Demostramos que el desarrollo total tanto en las áreas rurales como micropolitanas en el Black Belt y Appalachia es mayor que la media nacional. Sin embargo, la conversión a desarrollo a corto plazo en áreas micropolitanas (2001–2006) es consistente tanto a través de las dos regiones como nacionalmente, un hallazgo exclusivo al nivel micropolitano de la jerarquía urbana. Investigaciones futuras deberían buscar características comunes entre las áreas micropolitanas que pudieran fomentar o impedir el cambio del uso de tierras en estas regiones.
Examining the Geography of Newly Incorporated Municipalities (NIMs) in Micropolitan North Carolina, 1990–2010
Authors: Smith Russell Miles
Published: March 2015

La incorporación municipal es una forma poderosa de cambio limítrofe del gobierno local con la habilidad de impactar geografías urbanas y políticas. Una nueva ciudad puede alterar la provisión de servicios públicos, cambiar el paisaje electoral, afectar los impuestos y modificar los límites de los distritos escolares. Carolina del Norte, un líder nacional en la actividad de incorporación municipal durante las dos últimas décadas ha visto la creación de 47 nuevas municipalidades desde 1990. Aproximadamente una quinta parte (19.1%) de estas nuevas municipalidades incorporadas (NIMs) se encuentran en áreas estadísticas micropolitanas (μSAs). Este trabajo explora la distribución espacial y la frecuencia de NIMs micropolitanas en Carolina del Norte con el objetivo de comprender mejor su geografía y determinar si las NIMs micropolitanas presentan un patrón de agrupamiento similar a las NIMs en general. Además, tres estudios de caso de condados micropolitanos que experimentaron agrupamiento de NIM durante el periodo de estudio revelan importantes perspectivas sobre las motivaciones detrás de la causa del desarrollo de estos agrupamientos geográficos.
Theatre’s Place in Times of Crisis: A Conversation
Authors: Alfaro Luis , López Tiffany Ana
Published: March 2015

ATHE 2014 featured a keynote conversation between playwright, performer, and activist-artist Luis Alfaro and interlocutor Tiffany Ana López, professor of theatre, film, and digital production and Tomás Rivera Endowed Chair in the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences at the University of California, Riverside. Professor López has been following Alfaro’s work for close to thirty years. The two first met in the early 1990s, flying from Phoenix to Flagstaff for a conference where López presented for the first time on Alfaro’s work. They have been in conversation ever since, as Alfaro’s career has moved from solo performing, to co-directing the Latino Theater Initiative at the Mark Taper Forum with Diane Rodriguez (where he helped commission over 150 new plays), to his current work as a community-based artist, professor at the University of Southern California, and resident playwright with the Oregon Shakespeare Festival. Professors López and Alfaro structured the conversation to think through theatre’s place in times of crisis, with specific reference to the idea of the citizen-artist. The following are excerpts from their hour-long conversation, which was staged against a backdrop of production stills from Alfaro’s work. Alfaro commenced the conversation with his own archival intervention—a Facebook Selfie with the ATHE audience—before proceeding to address a number of topics introduced by López.
Co-Deposition of Gold Nanoparticles and Metalloporphyrin Using the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) Technique for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)
Authors: Camacho Sabrina A. , Aoki Pedro H. B. , de Assis Francisco F. , Pires Ana M. , de Oliveira Kleber T. , Aroca Ricardo F. , Constantino Carlos J. L.
Published: March 2015

The synergistic effect produced by metallic nanoparticles when incorporated into different systems empowers a research field that is growing rapidly. In addition, organometallic materials are at the center of intensive research with diverse applications such as light-emitting devices, transistors, solar cells, and sensors. The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique has proven to be suitable to address challenges inherent to organic devices, since the film properties can be tuned at the molecular level. Here we report a strategy to incorporate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into the LB film by co-deposition in order to achieve surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of the zinc(II)-protoporphyrin (IX) dimethyl ester (ZnPPIX-DME). Prior to the LB co-deposition, the properties of the Langmuir monolayer of ZnPPIX-DME at the air-water interface, containing AuNPs in the subphase, are studied through the surface-pressure versus mean molecular area (π-A) isotherms. The ZnPPIX-DME+AuNPs π-A isotherm presented a significant shift to higher molecular area, suggesting an interaction between both ZnPPIX-DME molecules and AuNPs. Those interactions are a key factor allowing the co-deposition of both AuNPs and ZnPPIX-DME molecules onto a solid substrate, thus forming the LB film. SERS of ZnPPIX-DME was successfully attained, ensuring the spatial distribution of the AuNPs. Higher enhancement factors were found at AuNP aggregates, as a result of the intense local electromagnetic field found in the metal nanoparticle aggregates. The main vibrational bands observed in the SERS spectra suggest a physical adsorption of the ZnPPIX-DME onto the surface of AuNPs. The latter is not only in agreement with the interactions pointed out by the π-A isotherms but also suggests that this interaction is kept upon LB film co-deposition.
What is the significance of the establishment of the Slovenian Theatre Institute?
Authors: Arhar Nika
Published: March 2015

Already back in the 1960s, Dušan Moravec was planning the functioning of the Slovenian National Theatre Museum [Slovenski gledališki muzej] as a museological and, more broadly, research-based activity; yet, his vision of an institute did not take off while he was in charge of the museum. In February 2014, upon the initiative of the museum, its director and experts in the field, the Government of the Republic of Slovenia ratified the decision to restructure SGM and to establish the Slovenian Theatre Institute; however, this is supposed to transpire at the time of funding cuts in all areas with no financial and personnel consolidation. We are right to ask then: what does the establishment of the institute mean in the given circumstances, especially if we take into account the fact that SGM has been working in disorganised circumstances ever since its inception?.
Seven minutes: A seven-minute lecture at the Clear Thoughts II - the future of Slovenian contemporary dance, Cofestival, Ljubljana, 30 May 2012
Authors: Živadinov Dragan
Published: March 2015

The author skims through the development of dance from the Renaissance to today and explains the gradual emancipation of dance from natural movement, movement of gender and from the state. In the twentieth-century, called by the author the anti-century because of the many revolutionary leaps associated with it, modern art appears, which frees dance of the ideology of dance. Modern dance is founded on anti-movement and thus stands up to ballet, which is under the thumb of the state and grounded in discipline. The dancer is becoming an individualist, while the state has moved its control mechanisms to the television, with which it tries to shape the collective body by way of popular dance on MTV. After WW II, when the influences of American abstract dance start entering Europe, contact dance and conceptual dance appear to finally emancipate dance from music by turning away from ballet.
An experiment with beginnings: Iztok Kova? and En-Knap
Authors: Leskovšek Nika
Published: March 2015

The article 'An Experiment With Beginnings: Iztok Kova? and En-Knap' ['Poskus z za?etki: Iztok Kova? in En-Knap'] explores chance as the central method of the dance group En-Knap, or EnKnapGroup, and it attempts to grasp the impact of the En-Knapian collective's dance on the spectator via diverse events and various theories. At the same time, it also takes into account the combinatorics of the group's dance organon, in order to get as close as possible to the principles that evade everyday logic. The attempt is reminiscent of the entrapment in paradox, which best defines the (movement) relations of the group or the insoluble conflicts, in which they are caught and which persist unrelentingly in their movement poetics. At the same time, in the topical again spirit of chance in contemporary performing arts and of contingency in political theory, they tell us a lot about our current situation.