bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redox metabolism correlates with cellular turnover and clinical phenotype of papillary thyroid carcinoma and colloid goiter
Authors: Rovcanin Branislav , Gopcevic Kristina , Kekic Dusan , Zivaljevic Vladan , Diklic Aleksandar , Tatic Svetislav , Jovanovic Milan , Odalovic Bozidar , Paunovic Ivan
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and colloid goiter (CG) represent the most common thyroid malignant and benign diseases, respectively. Oxidative stress is considered to have an important role in the pathogenesis of both diseases, but without sufficient and comprehensive data. The aim was to evaluate the redox profile, its influence on cell survival of PTC, comparing it with CG as a control and its relation with demographic, pathological and clinical parameters.

Material and methods

We evaluated for the first time the PTC and CG tissue profile of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and total thiols as parameters of redox metabolism and deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) and deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) activity as biomarkers of cell turnover and apoptosis. Tissue levels of biochemical parameters were quantified in PTC and CG tissue using spectrophotometric methods. Study parameters were evaluated in light of different demographic, clinical and pathological features of PTC and CG.

Results

Papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue is characterized by increased antioxidant activity and a normal prooxidation level. Biochemical parameters show numerous correlations with demographic and clinical characteristics of PTC and CG patients. DNase I and II activities are dependent upon the AOPP concentration in PTC tissue. The size of CG can be predicted with combined use of AOPP, DNase I and DNase II. AOPP is the most powerful predictor of PTC capsular invasion, multicentric intrathyroid dissemination and lymph node metastasis phenotype.

Conclusions

Evaluated parameters can be used for assessment of tumor redox and survival status and the clinical course of PTC and CG.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiovascular disease: a literature review
Authors: Assallum Hussein , Song Tian Yue , Aronow Wilbert , Chandy Dipak
Published: October 2019

As obesity becomes more common worldwide, the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) continues to rise. Obstructive sleep apnoea is a well-known disorder that causes chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), which is considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis directly and indirectly. Ischaemic heart disease remains the leading cause of death. Most risk factors for atherosclerosis are well understood. However, other factors such as CIH are less well understood. Several studies have investigated the pathophysiology of CIH, attempting to uncover its link to atherosclerosis and to determine whether OSA treatment can be a therapeutic modality to modify the risk for atherosclerosis. In this article, we will review the pathophysiology of OSA as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and discuss the most common markers that have been studied. We will also examine the potential impact of OSA management as a risk factor modifier on the reversibility of atherosclerosis.
Mediating role of neuroticism between early maladaptive schemas and negative emotionality
Authors: Mącik Dorota , Łysiak Małgorzata , Mącik Radosław
Published: October 2019

Background

The study contributes to the understanding of the relation between neuroticism, early maladaptive schemas and negative emo-tionality. Various studies of schemas and neuroticism with the connection of negative emotionality do not give an answer to the question how these three variables co-exist with each other. The main purpose of the research was to determine whether neuroti-cism strengthens the effect of schemas in the prediction of intensity of anxiety and depression, or whether the roles of these variables are independent of each other.

Participants and procedure

493 healthy participants were included in the study, where 66% were female respondents and the age range was 16-61 years of age (M = 31.00, SD = 11.96). The Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form Version (YSQ-S3), the Revised Personality In-ventory (NEO PI-R) by Costa and McCrae and the Personality Inventory (SPI, TPI by Spielberger & Reheiser) were used.

Results

The results show a strong relationship between Rejection and Disconnection schemas and negative emotionality, strongly medi-ated by neuroticism. The trigger for the trait of neuroticism is the intensification of depressive traits, understood as a set of emo-tional symptoms, i.e. a high level of anxiety, experiencing frequent anger towards oneself, and simultaneously a strong sense of guilt for negative thoughts resulting in a sense of hopelessness.

Conclusions

Most of the problems leading to anxiety or depression symptoms originate in schemas of Rejection and Disconnection and neu-roticism is a strong mediator for negative emotionality.
Association of vascular calcification of breast with carotid intima media thickness
Authors: Sankaran Priya P. , N. Prajeeth Rao , Koteshwara Prakashini
Published: October 2019

Purpose

To assess the relationship between breast arterial calcification (BAC) on mammography and carotid intima medial thickness (C-IMT) by comparing these patients with healthy control subjects.

Material and methods

The study included 100 women divided into two groups based on presence of BAC on mammo-graphy using the WIPRO GE – DMR PLUS mammography unit. The groups included 50 BAC(+) (case group) and 50 BAC(–) (control group). BAC is defined as two linear calcific deposits forming the rail-road track pattern, with ring-like appearance in cross section. Relevant previous clinical and surgical history was taken and C-IMT was measured using B-mode ultrasonography Aplio XG (Toshiba medical systems corp., Japan) using an 8-13 MHz linear transducer within 1 cm from the proximal and distal portion of the common carotid artery and the mean value was taken.

Results

All the participants included in this study were within the age group of 40-70 years. Mean age with BAC(+) was 59.18 ± 8.59 years and BAC(–) was 50.70 ± 7.93 years. Mean C-IMT in the BAC(+) group was 0.86 ± 0.21 mm vs. 0.71 ± 0.12 mm in the BAC(–) group. Chi-square test, independent t test and Spearman’s rho correlation to assess the association of the breast arterial calcification were performed. The study showed significant difference in mean C-IMT between two groups (p value < 0.001) when correlated with age, diabetes, hypertension, presence of BAC and history of surgery and drug intake.

Conclusions

BAC in mammography is independently associated with C-IMT. Furthermore, apart from age and menopausal status a statistically significant positive correlation with C-IMT was observed.
Ice injected into the tropopause by deep convection – Part 2: Over the Maritime Continent
Authors: Dion Iris-Amata , Dallet Cyrille , Ricaud Philippe , Carminati Fabien , Haynes Peter , Dauhut Thibaut
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The amount of ice injected up to the tropical tropopause layer has a strong radiative impact on climate. In the tropics, the Maritime Continent (MariCont) region presents the largest injection of ice by deep convection into the upper troposphere (UT) and tropopause level (TL) (from results presented in the companion paper Part 1). This study focuses on the MariCont region and aims to assess the processes, the areas and the diurnal amount and duration of ice injected by deep convection over islands and over seas using a 2° × 2° horizontal resolution during the austral convective season of December, January and February. The model presented in the companion paper is used to estimate the amount of ice injected (∆IWC) up to the TL by combining ice water content (IWC) measured twice a day in tropical UT and TL by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; Version 4.2), from 2004 to 2017, and precipitation (Prec) measurement from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM; Version 007) at high temporal resolution (1 hour). The horizontal distribution of ∆IWC estimated from Prec (∆IWCPrec) is presented at 2° × 2° horizontal resolution over the MariCont. ∆IWC is also evaluated by using the number of lightnings (Flash) from the TRMM-LIS instrument (Lightning Imaging Sensor, from 2004 to 2015 at 1-h and 0.25° × 0.25° resolutions). ∆IWCPrec and ∆IWC estimated from Flash (∆IWCFlash) are compared to ∆IWC estimated from the ERA5 reanalyses (∆IWCERA5) degrading the vertical resolution to that of MLS observations (). Our study shows that, while the diurnal cycles of Prec and Flash are consistent to each other in timing and phase over lands and different over offshore and coastal areas of the MariCont, the observational ∆IWC range between ∆IWCPrec and ∆IWCFlash is small (to within 4–20 % over land and to within 6–50 % over ocean) in the UT and TL. The reanalysis ∆IWC range between ∆IWCERA5 and has been also found to be small in the UT (22–32 %) but large in the TL (68–71 %), highlighting the stronger impact of the vertical resolution on the TL than in the UT. Combining observational and reanalysis ∆IWC ranges, the total ∆IWC range is estimated in the UT between 4.17 and 9.97 mg m−3 (20 % of variability per study zone) over land and between 0.35 and 4.37 mg m−3 (30 % of variability per study zone) over sea, and, in the TL, between 0.63 and 3.65 mg m−3 (70 % of variability per study zone) over land and between 0.04 and 0.74 mg m−3 (80 % of variability per study zone) over sea. Finally, from IWCERA5, Prec and Flash, this study highlights (1) ∆IWC over land has been found larger than ∆IWC over sea, and (2) the Java Island is the area of the largest ∆IWC in the UT (7.89–8.72 mg m−3 daily mean).
Molecular markers of biomass burning and primary biological aerosols in urban Beijing: Size distribution and seasonal variation
Authors: Xu Shaofeng , Ren Lujie , Lang Yunchao , Hou Shengjie , Ren Hong , Wei Lianfang , Wu Libin , Deng Junjun , Hu Wei , Pan Xiaole , Sun Yele , Wang Zifa , Su Hang , Cheng Yafang , Fu Pingqing
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Biomass burning and primary biological aerosol particles account for an important part of urban aerosols. Floods of studies have been conducted on the chemical compositions of fine aerosols (PM2.5) in megacities where the haze pollution is one of the severe environmental issues in China. However, little is known about their size distributions in atmospheric aerosols in the urban boundary layer. Here, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected in Beijing during haze and clear days from April 2017 to January 2018. Three anhydrosugars, six primary saccharides and four sugar alcohols in these samples were identified and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Higher concentrations of a biomass burning tracer, levoglucosan, were detected in autumn and winter than other seasons. Sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannitol and arabitol were more abundant in the bloom and glowing seasons. Particularly high level of trehalose was found in spring, which was largely associated with the Asian dust outflows. Anhydrosugars, xylose, maltose, inositol and erythritol are mainly existed in the fine mode ( 2.1 μm) between the haze and non-haze samples, while a size shift towards large particles and large GMDs in the fine fraction ( 5.8 μm. Our observations demonstrate that the sources, abundance, and chemical composition of urban aerosol particles are strongly size dependant in Beijing, which are important to better understand their environmental and health effects of urban aerosols and should be considered in air quality and climate models.
Effects of high-resolution geostationary satellite imagery on the predictability of tropical thunderstorms over Southeast Asia
Authors: Lee Kwonmin , Kim Hye-Sil , Choi Yong-Sang
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Tropical thunderstorms cause significant damage to property and lives, and a strong research interest exists in the advances and improvement of thunderstorm predictability by satellite observations. Using high-resolution (2 km and 10 min) imagery from the geostationary satellite, Himawari-8, recently launched over Southeast Asia, we examined the earliest possible time for the prediction of thunderstorms as compared to the potential of low-resolution (4 km and 30 min) imagery of the former
satellite. We compared the lead times of high- and low-resolution imageries
of 60 tropical thunderstorms that occurred in August 2017. These
thunderstorms were identified by the decreasing trend in the 10.45 µm brightness temperature (BT11) by over 5 K per 10 min for the high-resolution imagery and 15 K per 30 min for the low-resolution
imagery. The lead time was then calculated over the time from the initial
state to the mature state of the thunderstorm, based on the time series of a minimum BT11 of thunderstorm pixels. The lead time was found to be 90–180 min for the high-resolution imagery, whereas it was only 60 min (if detectable) for the low-resolution imagery. These results indicate that
high-resolution imagery is essential for substantial disaster mitigation
owing to its ability to raise an alarm more than 2 h ahead of the
mature state of a tropical thunderstorm.
Medusa-Aqua system: simultaneous measurement and evaluation of novel potential halogenated transient tracers HCFCs, HFCs and PFCs in the ocean
Authors: Li Pingyang , Tanhua Toste
Published: October 2019

Abstract. This study evaluates the potential usefulness of the halogenated compounds HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HFC-134a, HFC-125, HFC-23, PFC-14 and PFC-116 as the time-dependent oceanographic transient tracers in order to better constrain ocean ventilation processes. We collected seawater samples and improved on an established analytical technique, the Medusa-Aqua system, to simultaneous measure them, and estimate their stability in seawater following previous work on the atmospheric history and solubility. HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HFC-134a and HFC-125 have been measured in profiles in the Mediterranean Sea for the first time. We estimated the historic surface saturation anomalies of transient tracers in the Mediterranean Sea by evaluating the historic record. Their stability in seawater was estimated by analysis of their ocean partial lifetimes, seawater surface saturations and concentrations compared to CFC-12 measurements by a well-established technique. Of the investigated compounds, HCFC-141b was found to be the most promising transient tracer in the ocean; it fulfills several essential requirements by virtue of well-documented atmospheric history, established seawater solubility, inertness in seawater and feasible measurements and indication of conservative behavior in seawater by having mean ages in agreement to be expected from both CFC-12 and SF6 observations. However, more information on degradation is needed to further identify its stability in seawater, and HCFC-141b has restrictions on production and consumption imposed by the Montreal Protocol leading to its decreasing atmospheric mole fractions since 2017. The most potential oceanic transient tracers were PFC-14 and PFC-116 due to their stability in seawater, the long and well-documented atmospheric concentrations histories and constructed seawater solubility functions, although the low solubility in seawater creates challenging measurement conditions (i.e. low concentration). Measurements of PFCs can be potentially improved by modifying the Medusa-Aqua analytical system. With the exception of providing the information on the novel potential alternative oceanic transient tracers, this study also provides a method on how to evaluate the feasibility for a compound to be a transient tracer in the ocean.
Freeze-thaw processes of active layer regulate soil respiration of alpine meadow in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Wu Qingbai , Yuan Ziqiang , Kang Hojeong
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Freezing and thawing action of the active layer plays a significant role in soil respiration (Rs) in permafrost regions. However, little is known about how the freeze-thaw process regulates the Rs dynamics in different stages for the alpine meadow underlain by permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). We conducted continuous in-situ measurements of Rs and freeze-thaw process of the active layer at an alpine meadow site in the Beiluhe permafrost region of QTP to determine the regulatory mechanisms of the different freeze-thaw stages of the active layer on the Rs. We found that the freezing and thawing process of active layer modified the Rs dynamics differently in different freeze-thaw stages. The mean Rs ranged from 0.56 to 1.75 μmol/m2s across the stages, with the lowest value in the SW stage and highest value in the ST stage; and Q10 among the different freeze-thaw stages changed greatly, with maximum (4.9) in the WC stage and minimum (1.7) in the SW stage. Patterns of Rs among the ST, AF, WC, and SW stages differed, and the corresponding contribution percentages of cumulative Rs to annual total Rs were 61.54, 8.89, 18.35, and 11.2 %, respectively. Soil temperature (Ts) was the most important driver of Rs regardless of soil water status in all stages. Our results suggest that as the climate warming and permafrost degradation continue, great changes in freeze-thaw process patterns may trigger more Rs emissions from this ecosystem because of prolonged ST stage.
Linguistic Nuances of Arabic Spoken in the North of Jordan, Irbid Region
Authors: BANI AMER Mamoun Issa Falah
Published: October 2019

All major languages in the world have minor, categorical counterparts known as dialects. Although there exists one standardized version of the language, the dialects share features with that language that are common and some which are distinctly different. This paper talks about the linguistic dynamic extant amongst the population in the North Jordanian city of Irbid. Through a phonological, morpho-syntactic analysis of their speech in contrast with the so called standardized Jordanian, This paper attempts to discover certain feature distinctions in the North Jordanian speech and more specifically in the Arabic Spoken in Irbid region.
Psychological Stress, Self-Compassion and Self-Punishment among Tension-Type Headache and Healthy University Students (A Comparative Study)
Authors: Basyouni Sawzan S.
Published: October 2019

Headache is one of the most common complaints among university students due to the lifestyle they lead and the academic and social burdens they have. The present study aims to identify the differences between Tension-Type Headache (TTH) and healthy university students regarding psychological stress, self-compassion, and self-punishment. It covered a sample of tension-type headache and healthy students visiting the medical center and university clinic at Umm Al-Qura University and University of Jeddah numbered (235) and aged (18-40) years. To achieve the study objectives, an analytical descriptive approach was adopted. A TTH scale and a psychological stress scale, prepared by the author, in addition to a self-compassion scale and a self-punishment scale were applied. Results revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the means of TTH and healthy students at the level of (0.01) on the scales of psychological stress, self-compassion, and self-punishment in favor of students with TTH. The study recommends developing consulting programs to reduce psychological stress, self-compassion, self-punishment, and their somatic symptoms among university students.
De uitleg van het begrip rechterlijke autoriteit bij de uitvaardiging van een Europees arrestatiebevel
Authors: van der Hulst J.W.
Published: October 2019

De uitleg van het begrip rechterlijke autoriteit bij de uitvaardiging van een Europees arrestatiebevel

Op 27 mei 2019 heeft het Hof van Justitie bij prejudiciële beslissing in drie zaken een uitspraak gedaan over de uitleg van het begrip ‘rechterlijke autoriteit’ in verband met het uitvaardigen van een Europees arrestatiebevel. Met een rechterlijke autoriteit wordt volgens het Hof van Justitie niet bedoeld het openbaar ministerie van een lidstaat dat niet onafhankelijk is van de uitvoerende macht, met name de minister van Justitie. Dit betekent dat in Nederland de Overleveringswet moet worden gewijzigd in de zin dat het uitvaardigen van een EAB voortaan is voorbehouden aan een rechterlijke autoriteit. Ook de Rechtbank Amsterdam moet zich beraden op de behandeling van lopende verzoeken tot overlevering afkomstig van niet-rechterlijke autoriteiten van andere lidstaten.

HvJ 27 mei 2019, gevoegde zaken C-508/18 en C-82/19 PPU, OG en PI, ECLI:EU:C:2019:456 en HvJ 27 mei 2019, zaak C-509/18, Minister for Justice and Equality/PF, ECLI:EU:C:2019:457.
De toepassing van de aanbestedingsplicht van ambulancediensten op Samaritanen en Maltezers
Authors: Essers M.J.J.M. , Haalebos E.S.
Published: October 2019

De toepassing van de aanbestedingsplicht van ambulancediensten op Samaritanen en Maltezers

Op 21 maart 2019 wees het Hof van Justitie arrest in de zaak Falck Rettungsdienste GmbH en Falck A/S/Stadt Solingen. Het Hof van Justitie stelt vast wanneer ambulancediensten door non-profitorganisaties, op grond van artikel 10 sub h Richtlijn 2014/24/EU, uitgezonderd zijn van de aanbestedingsplicht.

HvJ 21 maart 2019, zaak C-465/17, Falck Rettungsdienste GmbH en Falck A/S/Stadt Solingen (Falck Rettungsdienste), ECLI:EU:C:2019:234.
De Consumidores a Coautores: Explorando o Design Participativo de Tecnologia Tangível em Contexto Educacional
Authors: Panaggio Bruna Zanetti , Baranauskas M. Cecília C.
Published: October 2019

A tangibilidade dos sistemas computacionais está cada vez mais presente na vida cotidiana das pessoas, de forma que as crianças estão naturalmente imersas nesse mundo. Ao mesmo tempo em que a literatura acadêmica tem mostrado os benefícios das interfaces tangíveis em ambientes de aprendizado, ainda são raras as iniciativas que possibilitem aos educadores uma mudança de postura de consumidores a agentes ativos no design dessa tecnologia. Nesse contexto, este trabalho busca contribuir com o envolvimento de profissionais da Educação no design de sistemas móveis para o contexto educativo. O artigo explora técnicas do Design Participativo no design e desenvolvimento do Gira Letra, um aplicativo educacional voltado para o público infantil, que utiliza a bola robótica Sphero como uma interface tangível. O processo utilizado e resultados de três oficinas participativas que enfocaram a ideação e design do produto, bem como a avaliação de um protótipo criado para a plataforma Android são apresentados e discutidos. As oficinas foram realizadas em contexto escolar, em uma instituição que oferece educação suplementar, e contaram com a participação de crianças e professores. Os resultados sugerem a viabilidade do processo conduzido e apontam novos caminhos de investigação.
Análise da dependência dos municípios do Vale do Rio Pardo/RS aos recursos de transferência do FPM
Authors: Ravanello Mariangela , Bender Filho Reisoli
Published: October 2019

O momento de instabilidade econômica está interferindo diretamente na arrecadação dos impostos de todos os entes federados, impactando duplamente nos municípios, tanto nas receitas próprias como nas receitas oriundas das transferências constitucionais, principalmente do Fundo de Participação dos Municípios (FPM), que chega a representar 70% da arrecadação. Esse cenário subsidiou o objetivo de analisar o nível a dependência dos recursos de transferência do FPM comparativamente a arrecadação própria do COREDE Vale do Rio Pardo, no período de 2009 a 2016. Metodologicamente, trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, de cunho quali-quantitativo, com método de abordagem analítico-comparativo. Em termos de resultados, os municípios foram estratificados conforme faixa populacional em três grupos distintos: os grupos 2 e 3, com população inferior a 50.000 habitantes; atividade econômica pouco expressiva, basicamente rural; alto grau de dependência do FPM, média de 28 e 41% respectivamente no período e; o grupo 1, com população superior a 50.000 habitantes, que constitui-se de municípios mais estruturados economicamente, apresentando uma relação inversa de dependência do FPM, com média no período de 15%. Ademais, observou-se elevado crescimento na arrecadação nos anos de 2010 e 2014, motivados por emendas parlamentares e por transferências de receitas de capital do governo federal.
Pencils of circles with a straight line and circle as
the basic elements
Authors: Shemyakina E.
Published: October 2019

Pencils of circles with are a straight line and a circle as the basic elements are investigated. Three cases of arrangement of a basic straight line and a circle are considered: when the straight line does not intersect a circle, when the straight line and a circle have one generic point, and when the straight line intersects a circle in two points. A parameter is entered and the equations of new pencils of circles are registered. By means of mathematical manipulations the obtained equations are given to the initial equation of a circle. Different values are attached to the parameter and the circles belonging to new pencils are constructed. Based on the obtained graphs it is concluded that the pencil with not intersecting basic straight line and a circle forms a hyperbolic pencil of circles, a pencil with a basic straight line and a circle having one generic point forms a parabolic pencil, and a pencil with the intersecting basic straight line and a circle forms an elliptic pencil.
On six-dimensional Vaisman — Gray submanifolds of
the octave algebra
Authors: Banaru M.
Published: October 2019

The W1 W4 class of almost Hermitian manifolds (in accordance with the Gray — Hervella classification) is usually named as the class of Vaisman — Gray manifolds. This class contains all Kählerian, nearly Kählerian and locally conformal Kählerian manifolds. As it is known, Vaisman — Gray manifolds are invariant under the conformal transformations of the metric. A criterion in the terms of the configuration tensor for an arbitrary six-dimensional submanifold of Cayley algebra to belong to the Vaisman — Gray class of almost Hermitian manifolds is established. The Cartan structural equations of the almost contact metric structures induced on oriented hypersurfaces of six-dimensional Vaisman — Gray submanifolds of the octave algebra are obtained. It is proved that totally geodesic hypersurfaces of six-dimensional Vaisman — Gray submanifolds of Cayley algebra admit nearly cosymplectic structures (or Endo structures). This result is a generalization of the previously proved fact that totally geodesic hypersurfaces of nearly Kählerian manifolds also admit nearly cosymplectic structures.
La ricerca sul patrimonio storico-educativo in Italia
Authors: Sani Roberto
Published: October 2019

Il presente contributo si propone di indagare e ricostruire le ragioni che sono alla base dello sviluppo, all’interno degli atenei della Penisola italiana, di una specifica linea di ricerca scientifica e di didattica universitaria incentrata sul recupero, la conservazione e la valorizzazione del patrimonio storico-educativo. L’autore presta altresì una particolare attenzione alla nascita in Italia, sul modello di quanto già accaduto in altre realtà accademiche europee, della S.I.P.S.E., la Società Italiana per lo studio del Patrimonio Storico-Educativo.Parole chiave: Storia dell'istruzione. Cultura materiale della scuola. Beni culturali. Italia. XX secolo.
Para uma história da universidade nas coleções de museus: o Museu para a história da Universidade de Pavia e o Museu europeu dos estudantes de Bolonha
Authors: Pomante Luigiaurelio
Published: October 2019

A presente contribuição pretende centrar a sua atenção em um tipo específico de instituição universitária: os museus para a história da universidade. Na Itália, apesar da tradição ultrassecular da universidade, existem apenas dois: o Museu para a história da Universidade de Pavia e o Museu europeu dos estudantes de Bolonha. Pouco estudados até agora, não há dúvida de que sejam uma experiência bem-sucedida de musealização do patrimônio livresco, fotográfico e iconográfico que documenta, celebra e valoriza a história da Universidade.Palavras-chave: História da universidade. História da educação. Historiografia. História dos estudantes. Itália.
Reflexões acerca do embate entre modernidade e pós-modernidade no âmbito educacional
Authors: Baroni Vivian
Published: October 2019

Enquanto se baseia na desregulamentação e especialização, a perspectiva pós-moderna lança importantes desafios para o processo formativo, sobretudo por este continuar fundamentado, em parte, em parâmetros metafísico-teológicos de formação. Contudo, frente a esse panorama, é impossível levarmos adiante uma perspectiva formativa embasada apenas em um dos extremos: não nos é possível romper com a tradição e assumir a perspectiva de desconstrução da cultura e de tudo o que o homem já erigiu, nem tampouco seguir inquestionavelmente os princípios de uma modernidade em crise, como a verticalização e autoritarismo que permeiam as relações de ensino-aprendizagem. A saída para a questão educacional pode estar na perspectiva de uma razão dialógica, a qual possa contrabalancear as mudanças do presente com a obrigatória fundamentação no solo firme da tradição, para assim construir criticamente bases comuns para a ação humana.Palavras-chave: Pós-modernismo. Formação. Razão dialógica.
Ensino de filosofia e colonialidade: debates sobre a formação na educação superior
Authors: Souza Sulivan Ferreira de , Oliveira Ivanilde Apoluceno de
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é debater a colonialidade do saber presente nos projetos pedagógicos e desenhos curriculares dos cursos de filosofia de duas universidades públicas situadas na Amazônia brasileira. Inicialmente, apresentam-se a metodologia, o referencial teórico e, por fim, tendo como foco discutir as bases conceituais, as concepções e as geopolíticas do conhecimento que estão incorporadas nos projetos pedagógicos, nas ementas de algumas disciplinas e nas falas dos (as) estudantes dos cursos de filosofia. Pergunta-se, como a colonialidade do saber está circulando nos documentos basilares do curso? Como ela se manifesta nas relações concretas em sala de aula? Como se expressa nas falas dos estudantes? Na primeira parte, apresenta-se, de forma mais descritiva, os objetivos, os perfis de egressos a serem formados, as concepções de filosofia imbricadas, as referências teóricas e legais presentes nos projetos pedagógicos. Conclui-se que os projetos pedagógicos, a disposição curricular e os ementários estão mergulhados na colonialidade do saber. As “vozes” que destoam do discurso moderno/colonial estão sendo colonizadas, como por exemplo, nas disciplinas que tendem a maior abertura epistemológica como Filosofia da Cultura e Filosofia Política, as quais ainda estão amarradas ao paradigma eurocêntrico, pois, a narrativa histórica, filosófica e pedagógica permanece atrelada à matriz monocultural do Eurocentrismo.Palavras-chave: Educação. Colonialidade. Ensino de Filosofia. Decolonialidade.
Spansk verbal-kongruent betydning: verbet, konstruktionen og det grammatiske aspekt. Et kontrastivt-sprogtypologisk perspektiv
Authors: Pedersen Johan
Published: October 2019

Spanish and typologically related languages are characterized by absence of unaccusativization (Levin & Rappaport Hovav 1995). According to Horrocks & Stavrou (2007), the verb-inflected grammatical aspect explains the absence of unaccusativization. Against this view, the article argues that the phenomenon relates to the typologically privileged role of the Spanish verb lexeme. From a usage-based point of view, absence of unaccusativization is understood as an undeveloped possibility of schematization. Spanish constructions are verb-framed and constructional (schematic) patterns only have a secondary role elaborating on the verb-framed core meaning (Pedersen 2019). Grammatical aspect, it is argued, likewise plays a secondary role making the verbal contribution congruent with the intended aspectual meaning.
EFEKAT NOVOG MODELA DOPUNSKIH VJEŽBI IZ ATLETIKE NA TRANSFORMACIJU AGILNOSTI I BRZINE
Authors: Dujaković Danijel
Published: October 2019

Predmet ovog rada je bio upućenna analizu sadržaja novog modeladopunskih vježbi iz atletike i na tumačenjamotoričkih sposobnostiagilnosti i brzine kod mlađeg školskoguzrasta. Cilj ovog istraživanjaje bio utvrđivanje promjena kod motoričkihsposobnosti brzine i agilnostiučenika mlađeg školskog uzrasta(11-14 godina), nakon primjene novogmodela dopunskih vježbi iz atletikeu trajanju od deset nedjelja nastavnog(trenažnog) procesa.Na uzorku od 43 učenika JU Osnovneškole ,,Drinić” Petrovac podijeljeneu dvije paralelne pedagoškegrupe: eksperimentalnu (22 učenika)i kontrolnu (21 učenik). Eksperimentalnagrupa je provodila novimodel dopunskih vježbi iz atletike, akontrolna grupa je pohađala redovnečasove fizičkog vaspitanja iz atletike.Za procjenu motoričkih sposobnostikoristili su se sljedeći testovi:čunasto trčanje 10x5 metara i sprintiz visokog starta 20 metara. Na osnovuobrade i analize rezultata pokazalose da je novi program dopunskihvježbi iz atletike imao statističkiznačajno veći uticaj na rezultate uodnosu na kontrolnu grupu koja jeprimjenjivala redovnu nastavu fizičkogvaspitanja. Tako da se ovaj novimodel dopunskih vježbi iz atletikemože praktično primjenjivati u nastavifizičkog vaspitanja.
An integrative approach to discern the seed dispersal role of frugivorous guilds in a Mediterranean semiarid priority habitat
Authors: Acosta-Rojas Diana Carolina , Jiménez-Franco María Victoria , Zapata-Pérez Víctor Manuel , De la Rúa Pilar , Martínez-López Vicente
Published: October 2019

Seed dispersal is an essential process to maintain the viability of plant populations, and understanding this ecological process allows management strategies to be developed to conserve ecosystems. European Union priority habitat 5220* is defined as “Mediterranean arborescent shrubland withZiziphus lotus” and it represents a favorable microclimate within the severe climatic conditions typical of the semiarid south-eastern region of the Iberian Peninsula. Therefore, the study of seed dispersal in this priority habitat by different frugivorous guilds, is a challenge for its conservation. In this study, we have characterized a mutualistic network of seed dispersal that is mediated by vertebrates (mammals and birds) in the protected habitat 5220*. The aims of this study were to: (i) identify the seed disperser community; (ii) analyze the relative role of key species in the dispersal process; and (iii) compare the functional ecology of the seed dispersal process between mammals and birds. As such, we collected animal faeces to determine seed dispersers taxonomy, identifying the mammals through the visual aspect of the faeces and the birds by DNA barcoding. In the case of birds, we also collected regurgitated seeds in which the disperser species was also identified through molecular techniques. This allowed us to build-up a mutualistic network and to identify the relative role of these animals in seed dispersal. Our results showed that mammals and birds fulfilled complementary roles in seed dispersal, with birds representing the main dispersers of key plants within the 5220* habitat, and mammals the main dispersers of human-cultivated plants. Herein, we provide a useful approach with relevant information that can be used to propose management policies that focus on restoring the threatened 5220* habitat, promoting the role of birds to disperse key species that structure plant communities of this priority habitat.
Adapterama I: universal stubs and primers for 384 unique dual-indexed or 147,456 combinatorially-indexed Illumina libraries (iTru & iNext)
Authors: Glenn Travis C. , Nilsen Roger A. , Kieran Troy J. , Sanders Jon G. , Bayona-Vásquez Natalia J. , Finger John W. , Pierson Todd W. , Bentley Kerin E. , Hoffberg Sandra L. , Louha Swarnali , Garcia-De Leon Francisco J. , del Rio Portilla Miguel Angel , Reed Kurt D. , Anderson Jennifer L. , Meece Jennifer K. , Aggrey Samuel E. , Rekaya Romdhane , Alabady Magdy , Belanger Myriam , Winker Kevin , Faircloth Brant C.
Published: October 2019

Massively parallel DNA sequencing offers many benefits, but major inhibitory cost factors include: (1) start-up (i.e., purchasing initial reagents and equipment); (2) buy-in (i.e., getting the smallest possible amount of data from a run); and (3) sample preparation. Reducing sample preparation costs is commonly addressed, but start-up and buy-in costs are rarely addressed. We present dual-indexing systems to address all three of these issues. By breaking the library construction process into universal, re-usable, combinatorial components, we reduce all costs, while increasing the number of samples and the variety of library types that can be combined within runs. We accomplish this by extending the Illumina TruSeq dual-indexing approach to 768 (384 + 384) indexed primers that produce 384 unique dual-indexes or 147,456 (384 × 384) unique combinations. We maintain eight nucleotide indexes, with many that are compatible with Illumina index sequences. We synthesized these indexing primers, purifying them with only standard desalting and placing small aliquots in replicate plates. In qPCR validation tests, 206 of 208 primers tested passed (99% success). We then created hundreds of libraries in various scenarios. Our approach reduces start-up and per-sample costs by requiring only one universal adapter that works with indexed PCR primers to uniquely identify samples. Our approach reduces buy-in costs because: (1) relatively few oligonucleotides are needed to produce a large number of indexed libraries; and (2) the large number of possible primers allows researchers to use unique primer sets for different projects, which facilitates pooling of samples during sequencing. Our libraries make use of standard Illumina sequencing primers and index sequence length and are demultiplexed with standard Illumina software, thereby minimizing customization headaches. In subsequent Adapterama papers, we use these same primers with different adapter stubs to construct amplicon and restriction-site associated DNA libraries, but their use can be expanded to any type of library sequenced on Illumina platforms.
Candida albicanscell wall integrity transcription factors regulate polymicrobial biofilm formation withStreptococcus gordonii
Authors: Chinnici Jennifer , Yerke Lisa , Tsou Charlene , Busarajan Sujay , Mancuso Ryan , Sadhak Nishanth D. , Kim Jaewon , Maddi Abhiram
Published: October 2019

Polymicrobial biofilms play important roles in oral and systemic infections. The oral plaque bacteriumStreptococcus gordoniiis known to attach to the hyphal cell wall of the fungusCandida albicansto form corn-cob like structures in biofilms. However, the role ofC. albicansin formation of polymicrobial biofilms is not completely understood. The objective of this study was to determine the role ofC. albicanstranscription factors in regulation of polymicrobial biofilms and antibiotic tolerance ofS. gordonii. The proteins secreted byC. albicansandS. gordoniiin mixed planktonic cultures were determined using mass spectrometry. Antibiotic tolerance ofS. gordoniito ampicillin and erythromycin was determined in mixed cultures and mixed biofilms withC. albicans. Additionally, biofilm formation ofS. gordoniiwithC. albicansknock-out mutants of 45 transcription factors that affect cell wall integrity, filamentous growth and biofilm formation was determined. Furthermore, these mutants were also screened for antibiotic tolerance in mixed biofilms withS. gordonii. Analysis of secreted proteomes resulted in the identification of proteins being secreted exclusively in mixed cultures. Antibiotic testing showed thatS. gordoniihad significantly increased survival in mixed planktonic cultures with antibiotics as compared to single cultures.C. albicansmutants of transcription factors Sfl2, Brg1, Leu3, Cas5, Cta4, Tec1, Tup1, Rim101 and Efg1 were significantly affected in mixed biofilm formation. Also mixed biofilms ofS. gordoniiwith mutants ofC. albicanstranscription factors, Tec1 and Sfl2, had significantly reduced antibiotic tolerance as compared to control cultures. Our data indicates thatC. albicansmay have an important role in mixed biofilm formation as well as antibiotic tolerance ofS. gordoniiin polymicrobial biofilms.C. albicansmay play a facilitating role than being just an innocent bystander in oral biofilms and infections.
Realistic scenarios of missing taxa in phylogenetic comparative methods and their effects on model selection and parameter estimation
Authors: Marcondes Rafael S.
Published: October 2019

Model-based analyses of continuous trait evolution enable rich evolutionary insight. These analyses require a phylogenetic tree and a vector of trait values for the tree’s terminal taxa, but rarely do a tree and dataset include all taxa within a clade. Because the probability that a taxon is included in a dataset depends on ecological traits that have phylogenetic signal, missing taxa in real datasets should be expected to be phylogenetically clumped or correlated to the modelled trait. I examined whether those types of missing taxa represent a problem for model selection and parameter estimation. I simulated univariate traits under a suite of Brownian Motion and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models, and assessed the performance of model selection and parameter estimation under absent, random, clumped or correlated missing taxa. I found that those analyses perform well under almost all scenarios, including situations with very sparsely sampled phylogenies. The only notable biases I detected were in parameter estimation under a very high percentage (90%) of correlated missing taxa. My results offer a degree of reassurance for studies of continuous trait evolution with missing taxa, but the problem of missing taxa in phylogenetic comparative methods still demands much further investigation. The framework I have described here might provide a starting point for future work.
Charge Transport Behavior and Ultrasensitive Photoresponse Performance of Exfoliated F16CuPc Nanoflakes
Authors: Yan Hang , Li Yang , Qin Jing‐Kai , Hu Ping An , Zhen Liang , Xu Cheng‐Yan
Published: October 2019

Air‐stable, photosensitive copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) is a promising n‐type semiconductor for organic electronics and optoelectronics. However, the performance of F16CuPc‐based devices is significantly limited by the poor crystallinity of thin films. Here, the charge transport and electrical contact behavior of F16CuPc nanoflakes, mechanically exfoliated from needle‐like bulk single crystals, are probed by analyzing the temperature‐dependent carrier mobility and conductance, where the multiple‐trap/release‐ and band‐like transport mechanism govern the charge transport at different temperature ranges and carrier densities. F16CuPc nanoflake‐based field effect transistors (FETs) exhibit high on‐state current and ON/OFF ratio, one‐order magnitude higher than those of reported F16CuPc nanowires, thin films, and nanoribbons. Besides, F16CuPc nanoflake‐based phototransistors exhibit attractive photoresponse performance in the spectral range of 300–750 nm even at quite low operating source–drain voltage (1 V), with maximum photoresponsivity of 19 A W−1, detectivity of 8 × 1012 Jones, and fast response speed of 36 ms, which is attributed to the single‐crystalline characteristic of nanoflakes, and the resultant efficiently exciton diffusion and charge transport. The work demonstrates that 2D organic nanoflakes with single‐crystalline feature will be promising candidates for flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices.
High‐Mobility and Air‐Stable Amorphous Semiconductor Composed of Earth‐Abundant Elements: Amorphous Zinc Oxysulfide
Authors: Zhu Yuting , Yamazaki Takanori , Chen Zhen , Hirose Yasushi , Nakao Shoichiro , Harayama Isao , Sekiba Daiichiro , Hasegawa Tetsuya
Published: October 2019

Amorphous oxide semiconductors have been widely studied as key materials for flat panel displays and flexible electronics devices. Recently, it has been reported that an amorphous mixed‐anion semiconductor consisting of only earth‐abundant elements, zinc oxynitride, shows high electron mobility and good performance as the channel layer of a thin‐film transistor. However, amorphous zinc oxynitrides are unstable in air. It is demonstrated that another type of earth‐abundant amorphous mixed‐anion semiconductor, amorphous zinc oxysulfide (a‐ZnOxSy) thin film, exhibits electron mobilities comparable to those of conventional amorphous oxide semiconductors, in addition to good chemical stability under ambient conditions. a‐ZnOxSy thin films with a wide compositional range are fabricated through pulsed laser deposition, by alternately depositing ZnO and ZnS. Their transport properties can be controlled by adjusting the laser fluence and anion composition, and conductive a‐ZnOxSy thin films (≈0.30 ≤ y/(x + y) ≤ ≈0.35) show high electron Hall mobilities of 10–15 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a carrier density of < ≈1018 cm−3. Furthermore, the Hall mobility can be maintained in air for at least 12 months. An a‐ZnOxSy thin‐film transistor with a bottom‐gate and top contact configuration shows clear field effect transistor behavior, although its performance is so far moderate.
DNA‐Guided Assembly of Molecules, Materials, and Cells
Authors: Yang Donglei , Zhou Chunyang , Gao Fei , Wang Pengfei , Ke Yonggang
Published: October 2019

DNA is the genetic blueprint for most known living organisms on Earth, but it is not merely the secret of life. Because of its programmability derived from Watson–Crick base‐pairing, DNA exhibits unparalleled versatility in constructing designer molecular structures by self‐assembly—a field called DNA nanotechnology. After decades of active pursuit, DNA has demonstrated unprecedented capability in designing highly prescribed and sophisticated artificial nanostructures, which could be either static, with well‐controlled physicochemical properties, or dynamic, with the ability to change in response to external stimuli. Researchers have devoted considerable efforts to exploring the utility of DNA nanotechnology in a variety of fields, with the majority related to harvesting their assembling power, since they are highly capable of guiding the assembly of other entities—molecules, materials, living cells, and so on—to fabricate artificial assemblies with emergent properties and functions. Herein, a brief introduction is given to self‐assembly methods in DNA nanotechnology, including DNA tiles, modular DNA bricks, and DNA origami. Four sections are then dedicated to covering the utilization of DNA nanotechnology for guided assembly of organic materials, inorganic materials, biological materials, and living cells. Lastly, DNA‐enabled molecular intelligent systems that are able to compute and execute algorithms are discussed.