bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual-Antiplatelet Therapy for More Than Six Months After Endovascular Revascularization in Patients With Lower-Extremity Artery Disease
Authors: Seo Jongkwon , Kim Byung Gyu , Kim Gwang Sil , Jin Moo-Nyun , Lee Hye Young , Byun Young Sup , Kim Byung Ok
Published: September 2021

Background: The duration of antiplatelet therapy after endovascular revascularization in patients with lower-extremity artery disease (LEAD) has not been well-established. This study aimed to investigate the optimal strategy for antiplatelet therapy after successful endovascular revascularization in patients with LEAD. Methods: From April 2009 to June 2019, 376 patients with LEAD underwent successful endovascular revascularization. After the procedure, the patients received mono-antiplatelet therapy (MAPT) or dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) of various durations and were classified into 2 groups (MAPT or DAPT < 6 months vs. DAPT ≥ 6 months). The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE). The safety outcome was moderate-to-severe bleeding according to the Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries (GUSTO) criteria.Results: Over the 40-month follow-up period, MACE occurred less frequently in the DAPT ≥ 6 months group than the MAPT or DAPT < 6 months group (12.4% vs. 23.8%; hazard ratio: 0.62; 95% confidence interval: 0.40 to 0.97; p = 0.038) after inverse probability-weighted adjustment and propensity-score matching. The incidence of MALE showed no significant intergroup difference (17.1% vs. 13.1%; hazard ratio: 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.56 to 1.59; p = 0.822). The incidence of moderate-to-severe GUSTO bleeding also showed no significant intergroup difference (3.5% vs. 4.9%; hazard ratio: 0.59; 95% confidence interval: 0.21 to 1.63; p = 0.308). Conclusions: For patients with LEAD, DAPT for ≥6 months after endovascular revascularization was associated with a lower incidence of MACE without increasing the risk of bleeding events.
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of Small Renal Mass: A Medical Center Experience In Taiwan
Authors: liu mingcheng , Tsou Ya-Ling , Lin Yen-Ting , Hung Siu-Wan , Chai Jyh-Wen , Chiu Kun-Yuan , Chang Chih-Hao , Liu Yi-Jui
Published: September 2021

PurposeMany studies have shown that multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be helpful for differentiating malignant renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) from benign lesions. However, the key image characteristics between malignancy and benign tumors still require further discussion. MethodsWe gathered 60 adult patients diagnosed with 72 small renal masses (SRMs) who had received preoperative MRI from 2014 to 2019 at a hospital in Taiwan. The MRI features included conventional MRI parameter, diffusion weighted image (DWI), and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) pattern, which are documented and compared among the four common subtype groups: clear cell RCC(ccRCC), papillary RCC(pRCC), angiomyolipoma(AML) and other type RCC. An apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of high and low grade RCCs was also analyzed. ResultsThe results show that ccRCC had higher T2 weighted signal intensity than the other three subgroups, higher arterial wash-in index (AWI) and ADC value than AML and pRCC, and also manifested a plateau (n=9, 25%) or washout (n=27, 75%) dynamic pattern. AMLs exhibited more intravoxel fat than the other three subtypes groups and half of AMLs (6 in 12) contained bulk fat. The pRCC demonstrated a more progressive (n=3, 60%) dynamic pattern than other three subgroups. The ADC value of high-grade RCCs was significantly lower than the low-grade RCCs.ConclusionThis may indicate that multiparametric MRI is useful in differentiating those four common pathological types of SRMs and the ADC value may be helpful in evaluation of the histological grade of malignancy.
Puddling, Direct Seeding, Mechanical Transplanting for Rice: Effect on Soil Characteristics and Productivity of Rice
Authors: Asenso Evans , Wang Zhimin , Li Jiuhao , Hu Lian
Published: September 2021

Why puddling? It is an important operation to minimize soil nutrient leaching and thereby increasing the availability of plant nutrients and achieving reduced soil condition. Good puddle field conditions are needed to create favorable environment for normal growth of rice plants. However, long-term effects of puddling could lead to forms of large clods in fine textured soils; resulting in negative effect on the soil characteristics, preventing seed-soil contacts and leading to decline in rice yield. This study was conducted in 2 years with treatment including; puddling the land twice with moldboard plow and pre-germinated seeds were hill-seeded with direct seeding machine (PD), puddling the land twice with rotary tiller and pre-germinated seeds were hill-seeded with direct seeding machine (RD), puddling the land twice with moldboard plow and 15-day-old seedlings were hill-transplanted with transplant machine (PT), and puddling the land twice with rotary tiller and 15-day-old seedlings were hill-transplanted with transplant machine (RT) to assess the effect of puddling, direct seeding, and mechanical transplanting on soil characteristics and rice yield. Results revealed significant improvement in the bulk density and increase in SOC, N, P and K in PD. The maximum microbial population was found in PD. Rice yield showed a higher productivity increase of 7.44 t∙ha-2 and 3.91 t∙ha-2 in 2017, and 7.85 t∙ha-2 and 3.94 t∙ha-2 in 2018 respectively for 1H and 2H (1H: 1st harvest, and 2H: 2nd harvest) in PD. Overall, PD was found to be the most suitable puddling and rice establishment approach under paddy fields for soil improvement and increasing rice yield.
Effect of fermented feed additive on the broilers' histology/morphology of the GIT, immune status, and microbiota
Authors: Peng Wentong , Talpur Mir Zulqarnain , Zeng Yuxian , Xie Peipei , Li Jincheng , Wang Songbo , Wang Lina , Zhu Xiaotong , Gao Ping , Jiang Qingyan , Shu Gang , Zhang Haijun
Published: September 2021

This study was aimed to analyse the effect of a fermented feed additive on the broilers' histology/morphology of the GIT, immune status, and microbiota as an alternative to AGP. Four groups of 288-day-old male and female Arbor Acre broilers were randomly divided (6 replicates in each group each with 12 chicken). Negative control (NC; basal diet), positive control (PC; basal diet +antibiotic virginiamycin 15ppm) one of the 2 fermented feed additives (FFA) diets prepared by adding, fermented feed additive low dose (FFL; basal diet + 0.3kg/t Lactobacillus casei fermented feed additive) and fermented feed additive high dose (FFH; 3kg/t Lactobacillus casei fermented feed additive). Composition of fermented feed: total bacteria count: 2×109CFU/g，Lactic acid 20mg/g, acetic acid 5mg/g, succinic acid 7mg/g, pyruvic acid 0.1mg/g. The research demonstrated that including fermented feed additives (FFA) in the diet provided overall benefits, FFL and PC diets showed improved (1-21 day) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to NC from 0-42 day (P < 0.05). FFH and FFL showed improve intestinal morphology within the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum with higher villus height (VH), and villus height to crypt ratio (VH/CR) (P < 0.05). Duodenum and ilium crypt depth was highest in PC and FFL respectively (P < 0.05). FFH had a significantly lower thymus weight compared to NC (P < 0.05). Furthermore, fermented feeds FFL and FFH influenced the intestinal immunity-related mRNA levels and increased expression of IL-10 (P < 0.05). FFL down-regulated the mRNA expressions of IL-1β and TLR4 (P < 0.05). Both fermented feeds FFL and FFH positively modulated the composition and variety of cecal microbiota compared to the NC.
Quality Assessment and Origin Identification on Four Species of Curcumae Radix by HPLC Assay and Fingerprint Analysis
Authors: Ho Yu-Ling , Liao Chi-Ren , Kao Chun-Pin , Wu Kun-Chang , Lai Shang-Chih , Chang Yuan-Shiun
Published: September 2021

BackgroundCurcumae Radix is a multi-source Chinese medicine called Yujin. It is derived from the root tubers of four Curcuma species including Curcuma wenyujin , C. kwangsiensis , C. phaeocaulis and C. longa. The identification of the root tubers of the four Curcuma species often caused confusions. MethodsIn this study, we developed HPLC/PDA methods to differentiate these four species of Curcumae Radix by HPLC assay and fingerprint analysis. The methods developed were also validated with their precision, repeatability and accuracy. ResultsCurdione could only be detected in C. wenyujin . For C. kwangsiensis , C. phaeocaulis , if the relative peak area value of peak 1 and germacrone peak of the samples was more than 1.024, it could be identified as C. phaeocaulis of Curcumae Radix. Curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin and bisdesmethoxycurcumin could only be detected in C. longa . We also developed a simple method to determine curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin and bisdesmethoxycurcumin in C. lon ga and germacrone in the other three species of Curcumae Radix. ConclusionsBecause of the definite difference of main ingredients between curcumin-free group (C. wenyujin , C. kwangsiensis and C. phaeocaulis ) and curcumin containing C. longa from this study, four Curcuma species of Curcumae Radix in the pharmacopeia should be separated into two monographs, with curcumin-free and germacrone containing species as one and curcumin containing C. longa as the second monograph. The HPLC/PDA methods of HPLC assay and fingerprint analysis developed in this study could be used for the quality control of these four species of Curcumae Radix. Keywords: Curcumae Radix, HPLC, assay, fingerprint, curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin, bisdesmethoxycurcumin, germacrone, curdione
Secretome Analysis Identified Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase of Macrophomina Phaseolina: It’s Production and Properties
Authors: Sinha Nilanjan , Patra Sourav Kumar , Sarkar Tuhin Subhra , Ghosh Sanjay
Published: September 2021

Macrophomina phaseolina, a necrotrophic fungal pathogen is known to cause charcoal rot disease in food crops, pulse crops, oil crops and cotton and fibre crops. Necrotrophic fungi survive on dead plant tissue. It is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by host plant during plant pathogen interaction. However, it is still unclear how M. phaseolina can overcome the ROS induced cellular damage. To mimic the invasion of M. phaseolina inside the plant cell wall, we developed solid substrate fermentation where M. phaseolina spore suspension was inoculated on wheat bran bed and incubated for vegetative growth. To analyse the secretome of M. phaseolina after different day interval, its secretory material was collected and concentrated. Both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were detected in the secretome by zymogram. The presence of SOD and catalase was further confirmed by liquid chromatography based mass spectrometry. The physicochemical properties of M. phaseolina catalase in terms of stability towards pH, temperature, metal ions and chaotropic agent and inhibitors indicated its fitness at different environmental conditions. Apart from the production of catalase in SSF, the studies on this particular microorganism may also have significance in necrotrophic fungal pathogen and their susceptible host plant interaction.
Neural Correlates of Face Processing Associated with Language and Social Development in 12-month Infants with Familial Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Authors: Glauser Joshua , Wilkinson Carol L , Gabard-Durnam Laurel Joy , Choi Boin , Tager-Flusberg Helen , Nelson Charles A
Published: September 2021

BackgroundIdentifying neural markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) before behavioral symptoms emerge can improve outcomes through early treatment. This study aimed to characterize the neural correlates of face processing in 12-month-old infants at familial risk of developing ASD by (1) comparing face-sensitive event-related potentials (ERP) (Nc, N290, P400) between high-familial-risk infants who develop ASD (HR-ASD), high-familial-risk infants without ASD (HR-NoASD), and low-familial-risk infants (LR), and (2) evaluating how face-sensitive ERP components are associated with language, communication and social development.Methods 12-month-old infants participated in a study in which they were presented with alternating images of their mother’s face and the face of a stranger (LR = 45, HR-NoASD = 41, HR-ASD = 24) as EEG data were collected. Parent-reported and laboratory-observed language and social communication measures were obtained at 12 months, and laboratory-observed social skills measures were conducted at 18 months. Group differences in ERP responses were evaluated using ANOVA, and multiple linear regressions were conducted with maternal education and outcome groups as covariates to assess relationships between ERP and behavioral measures. ResultsFor each of the ERP components (Nc, N290, and P400), the amplitude difference between mother and stranger (Mother-Stranger) trials was not statistically different between the three outcome groups (Nc p = 0.72, N290 p = 0.88, P400 p = 0.91). Marginal effects analyses found that within the LR group, a greater Nc Mother-Stranger response was associated with better expressive language skills on the MSEL, controlling for maternal education and outcome group effects (slope 1.15; p < 0.01). No significant associations were observed between the Nc and language or social measures in HR-NoASD or HR-ASD groups. In contrast, specific to the HR-ASD group, amplitude difference between the Mother versus Stranger P400 response was positively associated with expressive (slope 2.1, p<0.001) and receptive language skills at 12-months (slope 1.68, p < 0.005), and better social skills (slope 0.66, p < 0.005) at 18-months. ConclusionsIn 12-month-old infant siblings with subsequent ASD, increased P400 response to Mother over Stranger faces is positively associated with concurrent language and future social skills.
Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase Is A Prognostic Biomarker And Related To Immune Infiltrates In Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Xinrui , Liu Fengyuan , Liu Shifan , Song Chengqi , Wu Huiqun
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe role of cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) in the prognosis and immune invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been reported.MethodsCombined with the clinical characteristics of HCC, CTH was analyzed via R package and various databases in this study.ResultsCompared with normal tissues, the level of CTH in HCC was significantly decreased, the extent of which was related to tumor clinicopathologic stage, gender, tumor status, residual tumor, histologic stage, race, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin, drinking and smoking. The results suggested that CTH might be a protective factor for the survival of HCC patients. Further functional analysis showed that the high expression of CTH was enriched in the reactome signaling by interleukins and the reactome neutrophil degranulation. Moreover, the expression of CTH was negatively correlated with the CD56 (bright) NK cells and Follicular helper T cell (TFH), positively correlated with Th17 cells and central memory T cell (Tcm), and closely correlated with the gene markers of a variety of immune cells. Also, high expression of CTH based on immune cells predicted the better prognosis of HCC. Pyridoxal phosphate, L-cysteine, Carboxymethylthio-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol, 2-[(3-Hydroxy-2-Methyl-5-Phosphonooxymethyl-Pyridin-4-Ylmethyl)-Imino]-5-phosphono-pent-3-enoic acid and L-2-amino-3-butynoic acid may be the targeted candidate medications for the treatment of CTH in HCC.ConclusionIn brief, CTH can be used as a biomarker to predict the prognosis and immune infiltration of HCC.
Adaptive Responses to Climate Change: The Effects of Temperature Levels on Residential Electricity use in China
Authors: Teng Meixuan , Liao Hua , Burke Paul J. , Chen Tianqi , Zhang Chen
Published: September 2021

Rising temperaturesare likely to boost residential demand for electricity in warm locationsdue toincreased use of air-conditioners, fans, and refrigeration. Yet the precise effect of temperatureson residential electricity use may vary by geographical area and with socio-economic conditions. Knowledge on this effectin developing countries is limited due to data availability and reliability issues. Using a high-quality provincial-level monthly datasetfor China and fixed-effect panel methods,we find aU-shaped and asymmetrical relationship between ambient temperature and monthly household electricity use.An additional day with a maximum temperature exceeding 34°C on average results in a 1.6% increase in monthlyper capita household electricity use relative to if that day’s maximum temperature had been in the 22­–26°C range. The effect of an additional cold day is smaller. There are differencesin effectsfor the south and the north of China and in urban versus rural areas. We estimate that temperature increases associated with climate change will lead to about a 3–5% increase in annual household electricity consumption by the end of the century under different carbon emission trajectories according to the projectionsin the 2021IPCC report. The estimated effect is larger for summer months.
Maintaining food security during difficult times: An experience of COVID-19 in Kerala
Authors: MPH Rajeev Jayalakshmi , Kannan Srinivasan
Published: September 2021

Lockdown linked to the COVID-19 pandemic generated food security associated panic among the general population. This article is an exercise to document actions taken by the Government of Kerala to prevent people from starving during such difficult times of lockdown. Inclusive interventions such as provision of dry ration free of cost, operating community kitchens and engaging in direct cash transfers were some of the highlights of the measures taken by the Government in Kerala to address the food crisis in the state. These efforts are evidence for the government’s commitment towards managing the crisis and this was possible through the involvement of effective decentralized governance through local self-government institutions and community organizations.
Determination of corrosion characteristics of steel protected by a latex coating in Nyquist coordinates
Authors: Yakovleva A. А. , Antsiferov E. A. , Sadlovsky S. V.
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the corrosion process of steel St3 protected by latex coating 69Б-2к produced by Kapitel Ltd (Irkutsk). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of steel samples with a threefold latex coating was carried out by a PGSTAT302 + FRA2 potentiostat-galvanostat equipped with NOVA 1.8. Corrosion studies were carried out under thermostating (25 ± 0.2°C) of the working environment. The corrosion rate was determined by gravimetric tests with the recording of mass changes over a controlled period of time (up to 10 h). A 3% sodium chloride solution was used as the electrolyte. In most cases, the mechanism of the corrosion process can be reliably described by an equivalent electrochemical circuit with Warburg and Cotangent Hyperbolic elements, which simulates the reaction at the electrodeelectrolyte interface. According to the conducted visual, gravimetric and electrochemical studies of the St3 steel surface protected with the 69B-2k latex coating, the impedance remains almost unchanged for a prolonged period of time. It is obvious that the surface process is associated with the limiting stage of solvent diffusion through the protective layer. Thus, the electrochemically determined corrosion rate was low and amounted to ~ 0.164 mm/year (for reference samples – 0.75 mm / year). Our studies confirmed high protective qualities of latex 69B-2k. The corrosion properties of the coating under study are related to its composition, the components of which not only exhibit good adhesion, but are also active with respect to other interactions, including chemical interactions of the components with each other and with metal surface crystallites. The model calculation of the process, carried out using the developed equivalent electrochemical circuit, describes experimental curves in Nyquist coordinates almost comprehensively.
Human Computer Interaction – Hand Gesture Recognition
Authors: Jain Riya , Jain Muskan , Jain Roopal , Madan Suman
Published: September 2021

The creation of intelligent and natural interfaces between users and computer systems has received a lot of attention. Several modes of knowledge like visual, audio, and pen can be used individually or in combination have been proposed in support of this endeavour. Human communication relies heavily on the use of gestures to communicate information. Gesture recognition is a subject of science and language innovation that focuses on numerically quantifying human gestures. It is possible for people to communicate properly with machines using gesture recognition without the use of any mechanical devices. Hand gestures are a form of nonverbal communication that can be applied to several fields, including deaf-mute communication, robot control, human–computer interaction (HCI), home automation, and medical applications. Many different methods have been used in hand gesture research papers, including those focused on instrumented sensor technology and computer vision. To put it another way, the hand sign may be categorized under a variety of headings, including stance and motion, dynamic and static, or a combination of the two. This paper provides an extensive study on hand gesture methods and explores their applications.
Non-equilibrium steady state formation in 3+1 dimensions
Authors: Ecker Christian , Erdmenger Johanna , van der Schee Wilke
Published: September 2021

We present the first holographic simulations of non-equilibrium steady state formation in strongly coupled \mathcal{N}=4𝒩=4 SYM theory in 3+1 dimensions. We initially join together two thermal baths at different temperatures and chemical potentials and compare the subsequent evolution of the combined system to analytical solutions of the corresponding Riemann problem and to numerical solutions of ideal and viscous hydrodynamics. The time evolution of the energy density that we obtain holographically is consistent with the combination of a shock and a rarefaction wave: A shock wave moves towards the cold bath, and a smooth broadening wave towards the hot bath. Between the two waves emerges a steady state with constant temperature and flow velocity, both of which are accurately described by a shock+rarefaction wave solution of the Riemann problem. In the steady state region, a smooth crossover develops between two regions of different charge density. This is reminiscent of a contact discontinuity in the Riemann problem. We also obtain results for the entanglement entropy of regions crossed by shock and rarefaction waves and find both of them to closely follow the evolution of the energy density.
COVID-19 e (in)segurança alimentar
Authors: Dias Atos , Amorim Lucas Silva , Barbosa Igor Palma , Lima Thiago
Published: August 2021

Como a pandemia de COVID-19 impacta a cadeia mundial de suprimento de alimentos? A catástrofe pode trazer à tona os perigos do isolacionismo, do protecionismo e do unilateralismo para a estabilidade do Sistema Internacional. Emerge a possibilidade de os governos implantarem barreiras a exportações para se prevenirem de eventual desabastecimento doméstico. A partir de uma análise de conjuntura, com base em pesquisas e dados preliminares, o artigo mostra que a concentração da produção agroalimentar, somada à ideia de segurança alimentar baseada no comércio internacional, contribui para a alta vulnerabilidade de países em desenvolvimento dependentes da importação de alimentos.
DIFFERENCES IN THE PERCEPTION OF SOCIAL SUPPORT BETWEEN THE YOUTH WITH INVALIDITY AND THE YOUTH WITHOUT INVALIDITY
Authors:   University of Tuzla, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Bosnia and Herzegovina, Husić-Đuzić Izeta , Tulumović Ševala ,   University of Tuzla, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bratovčić Vesna ,   University of Tuzla, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper was to identify differences in the perception of social support for young people with and without disabilities in the age of 18-35 in the Tuzla Canton. The sample of examinees consists of two sub-classes. The first subsample is made of young people with disabilities, chronological age 18-35, both sexes (N = 50). The second subsample consists of young people with no disabilities, chronological age 18-35, both sexes (N = 50). The data obtained by the research were processed by the method of parametric and nonparametric statistics. The frequencies, percentages and measures of central tendency (arithmetic mean, standard deviation) are calculated. P-values were used to investigate the differences between the examined variables, and the variance analysis was used to investigate the significance of differences. The results of research on differences in the perception of social support among young people with disabilities and young people without disabilities show that there is a statistically significant difference in the most applied variables. Based on the results obtained in the case of youth with disabilities, it would be advisable to start with integration into social life at all levels.
THE RIGHTS OF NATIONAL MINORITIES TO INFORMATION
Authors:   Editor on Television of Sarajevo, Mršić Aid , Softić-Gasal Larisa ,   European University „Kallos“ Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: September 2021

The public service, which should be the guardian of the identity of national minorities, fell under the political pressure. In this way, it came out of the scope of its actions. Leading people in independent media believe that the role of the public service is crucial in protecting national minorities.But the media can not do it alone. First of all, the state must regulate, and respect what it has brought. With strong strategies and the inclusion of national minorities in all social trends, it is possible to achieve, not fully, but partially, the equality of all those who liveon the territory of BiH.On the other hand, the public service must respect what the state says. The Communications Regulatory Agency is obliged to impose rules in an adequate manner and at the same time to monitor how much the media (public service) meets its obligations.
EFFECTS OF TRADE FLOW LIBERALIZATION: CASE OF ASEAN, NAFTA & MERCOSUR
Authors:   University of Zenica, Faculty of Economics, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mahmutović Hasan , Merdić Alem ,   University of Zenica, Faculty of Economics, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: September 2021

An important factor and the inescapable link of the globalization process are economic integrations, which by the liberalization of trade flows contributes significantly to the interconnection of countries, thus directly affecting the enhancement of the value of macroeconomic parameters at the level of the formed integration. The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of economic integration on the example of ASEAN, NAFTA and MERCOSUR integration, which, along with the European Union, represent the most relevant integrations in the world. The analysis showed, as a consequence of the integration, increased volume of trade exchange, increased FDI level and achieved real economic growth on the level of integration. However, the analysis has shown, in particular in the ASEAN area, that there is still a problem of uneven distribution of income and fairer implementation of regional policy, in order to integrate growth generated into the development of less developed areas.
INTERNALISED AND EXTERNALISED DISORDER FROM THE ASPECT OF FREE TIME
Authors:   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Muftić Edin , Jahić Adela ,   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kovačević Ranko ,   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: September 2021

A well-organized free time at children and youth can prevent or ease the occurence of serious behavioural disoders and ensure a quality use of free time. The aim of the research is to examine if a well-organized free time has impact on the occurence of internalised and externalised disorders. The research starts with the assumption that students whose free time is organized have less intensity of exposure of some types of internalised and externalised behavioural disorders. The sample consists of 230 primary and secondary school finishing class students, both sex, aged 14-19 years old. The research was conducted at the area of the city of Tuzla. The Scale of self assessment of the youth was used in the research. The results show that students who do not spend a well-organized free time expose the following types of internalised and externalised disorders: anxiety, somatic issues without a clear medical cause, violation of rules at home and school.
THE FREQUENCY OF USAGE OF DIFFERENT WORK FORMS IN AN INCLUSIVE TEACHING ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Elementary School ‘’Mladost’’, Belgrade, Serbia, Stepanović Saša
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate how frequently the different forms of work (frontal, individual and group) are used in the Serbian inclusive education. The sample consisted of 16 elementary schools in Serbia which pupils with sensory impairments attend (visual and auditory impairments: N=69). Systematic observation has been used on 382 classes. Results have shown that in the majority of classes the frontal form was predominantly used (67.7%). Significantly less present was the individual form (22.6%), while the variations of group work were the least frequently used. Considering the goals of inclusive education with the fact that the social engagement of pupils with sensory impairments in class can be beneficial, the frontal form alone is not enough for an effective teaching process. Despite its practicality, it is necessary to use the frontal form in balance with other work forms in all the phases of the class.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE BANKING SECTOR
Authors:   Sinergija University, Bosna i Hercegovina, Stanišić Snježana
Published: September 2021

Management in banks has a unique aim, which is to create a clear picture of the appropriate directing of banking products, characterised by concentration on quality and integrity, maintaining interaction with the employees and beneficiaries of banking services and products, as well as creating solutions that would more successfully fulfil their needs. In order to achieve this, the management team should, first of all, accept all the accurate information on previous transactions, both those of legal and physical persons, and should fulfil their needs and realise their demands based on the principle of a business relationship. On account of the increased competition on the market, banks are additionally stimulated to introduce changes in their operations, to modernise their offer in order to survive on the market. The process of strategic planning in the banking sector may be presented as one of the most important factors for its long-term successful business operations.
Analyzing the duration frequency and severity of drought using copula function in the Yazd city
Authors: EskandariPour Mehrtash , Soltaninia Shahrokh
Published: September 2021

Duration and severity are the two main variables used in drought analysis. The copula functions are appropriate for multivariate drought analysis, as it lacks the limitations of the classical multivariate distribution function. This study investigated the bivariate frequency analysis of drought duration and severity of Yazd city in Iran synoptic station during 1953–2013. To this end, first, the drought duration and severity variables were derived from the 6-month Standardized Precipitation Index. Then, considering the distribution functions, the gamma distribution function was selected for analyzing the severity and the exponential distribution function was selected for analyzing the duration and then the Clayton copula function was selected out of the three copula functions as the most appropriate one. After conducting bivariate frequency analysis, the joint seasonal and conjunctive return period and conditional return period curves were plotted. The current study well signified that multivariate analyses could present better interpretations of the reality; for example, as it was identified in conditional return period curves of the drought, for every constant duration, the amount of the return period changed as the severity changed. On the contrary, in analyzing the univariate of duration, no effects of severity were observed.
Complex mechanism of sulphane odour production in water heating and suitable remedial measures
Authors: Šašek Jaroslav , Kožíšek František
Published: September 2021

Drinking or heated water can have a wide range of disturbing odours which have many various causes. A well known example is sulphane (hydrogen sulfide) odour, reminiscent of rotten eggs, which naturally occurs in some underground waters. Less known and hitherto unexplained is this odour arising from hot water in water heaters. As a response to complaints by consumers we investigated 14 sites and thanks to experimental work in one of these recognised a complex mechanism at work. For production of sulphane to occur in a water heater the following conditions must be met: presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria, presence of sulphates, reduction properties of water indicated by a very low nitrate content (highest value was 10 mg/L, mostly <2 mg/L), and presence of sacrificial magnesium anode. We identified four possible remedial measures, some of which are less effective or only short term, or have an undesirable side-effect (corrosion). The most effective measure was replacement of the magnesium anode for an aluminium or zinc anode, which retains the anticorrosion protection of the heater.
Evelyn Waugh's Black Mischief as a Narrative of a Failure
Authors: Yılmaz Victoria Bilge
Published: September 2021

Evelyn Waugh’s Black Mischief (1932) has been accepted as one of the satiric novels of the 20th century English literature. Being Waugh’s third novel, Black Mischief includes a high concentration of satire and criticism through which the writer expresses his ideas on colonialism and the modern man in general. The novel is about an unsuccessful attempt at establishing a country in the heart of the oriental world. Seth, the Oxford-graduate emperor of a fictional Azania, fails to establish a correlation between the English-like Azania in his aspirations with the real cannibal-oriented country and its half-naked inhabitants. This study will analyze Waugh’s Black Mischief in terms of Frantz Fanon’s essay “On National Culture” (1959). A political philosopher and an intellectual from Martinique, Frantz Fanon has become highly influential in the discourse on colonialism and post-colonialism. His writing titled “On National Culture” outlines the steps to embrace the notion of national identity and national consciousness. This study will outline to what degree Waugh’s protagonist Seth fits into Fanon’s category of an endeavor to establish national culture. The study will conclude that Seth’s failure to establish his country heavily depends on the contemporary human conditions in the psychologically devastated universe.
Perfluorocarbons Therapeutics in Modern Cancer Nanotechnology for Hypoxiainduced Anti-tumor Therapy
Authors: Satija Saurabh , Sharma Prabal , Kaur Harpreet , Dhanjal Daljeet S. , Chopra Reena S. , Khurana Navneet , Vyas Manish , Sharma Neha , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Bakshi Hamid A. , Charbe Nitin B. , Zacconi Flavia C. , Chellappan Dinesh K. , Dua Kamal , Mehta Meenu
Published: September 2021

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With an estimated failure rate of about 90%, immunotherapies that are intended for the treatment of
solid tumors have caused an anomalous rise in the mortality rate over the past decades. It is apparent that resistance
towards such therapies primarily occurs due to elevated levels of HIF-1 (Hypoxia-induced factor) in
tumor cells, which are caused by disrupted microcirculation and diffusion mechanisms. With the advent of nanotechnology,
several innovative advances were brought to the fore; and, one such promising direction is the use
of perfluorocarbon nanoparticles in the management of solid tumors. Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles enhance the
response of hypoxia-based agents (HBAs) within the tumor cells and have been found to augment the entry of
HBAs into the tumor micro-environment. The heightened penetration of HBAs causes chronic hypoxia, thus
aiding in the process of cell quiescence. In addition, this technology has also been applied in photodynamic
therapy, where oxygen self-enriched photosensitizers loaded perfluorocarbon nanoparticles are employed. The
resulting processes initiate a cascade, depleting tumour oxygen and turning it into a reactive oxygen species
eventually to destroy the tumour cell. This review elaborates on the multiple applications of nanotechnology
based perfluorocarbon formulations that are being currently employed in the treatment of tumour hypoxia.
Matrixmetalloproteinase Inhibitors: Promising Therapeutic Targets Against Cancer
Authors: Rani Vibha , Yadav Dhananjay , Atale Neha
Published: September 2021

Background:

Cancer is a wide range cellular level disease that occurs when cells go through uncontrolled
division and growth. The mechanisms by which the cells undergo metastasis are complex and involve
many interactions between the tumor cells and their cellular environment. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
have been found to over-express at various stages of tumor progression and their inhibition using MMP inhibitors
has been a subject of potential therapy against cancer.

Objective:

This review discusses recent research in MMP inhibitors (MMPI) used for preventing tumor progression.

Methods:

In this review, we explored the role of MMPs in cancer progression and summarized the current developments
in MMPIs, their role in cancer suppression in in vitro and in vivo studies and their evaluation in clinical
trials from the current research data.

Results:

MMPIs have shown to be very successful in in vitro models, cell lines and in some in vivo studies. Unfortunately,
their efficacy in clinical trials has been found to be hit and miss. Recent studies have shown that the
novel delivery approaches of MMP inhibitors may enhance their therapeutic effects towards the prevention of
cancer.

Conclusion:

In this review, we presented different MMP inhibitors, their performance at different stages of
models - in vitro, in vivo, small animal models and eventually clinical trials. We provide newer methods of
MMPI delivery that may be better targeted to suppress only specific MMPs and avoid toxic side effects in
healthy cells.
Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for the Management of COVID-19: Recent Developments and Challenges
Authors: Singh Ritu , Behera Monalisha , Kumari Nisha , Kumar Sanjeev , Rajput Vishnu D. , Minkina Tatiana M. , Adnan Mohd , Siddiqui Arif J. , Kumar Narendra
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a newly identified coronavirus named severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since its inception in late December 2019, COVID-19 has led
to a tremendous loss of human life worldwide. To overcome the unprecedented challenges posed by the
COVID-19 pandemic to the public and economic health, strengthening the healthcare system is of utmost need.
In this regard, research communities are putting efforts into developing an advanced healthcare system that
could reduce the severe impacts of this pandemic. Nanotechnology is an advanced technology that has contributed
significantly to produce powerful arsenals for the frontline warriors in this battle against COVID-19. It has
offered opportunities for the development of fast and accurate point-of-care testing, efficient therapeutics and
vaccines, potent sanitizers, facemasks, and personal protective equipment against SARS-CoV-2. However, associated
toxicity, lengthy procedures of clinical trials, and uncertain health risks are some points that are still
debatable. The present paper provides an overview of COVID-19 specific therapeutics and vaccines with an
emphasis on nano-based strategies, which are significantly contributing towards the success of mitigation
measures and strategies against COVID-19. Furthermore, the associated challenges, current limitations, and opportunities
in this field are discussed.
Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Targeting Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 in Cancers
Authors: Yang Jia-Wei , Sun Chao , Jin Qiu-Yang , Qiao Xing-Hui , Guo Xiu-Li
Published: September 2021

:

As one of the most conservative proteins in evolution, Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1)
has long been considered as a potential cancer target. YB-1 is usually poorly expressed in normal
cells and exerts cellular physiological functions such as DNA repair, pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA
stabilizing. In cancer cells, the expression of YB-1 is up-regulated and undergoes nuclear translocation
and contributes to tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, invasion, migration
and chemotherapy drug resistance. During the past decades, a variety of pharmacological tools
such as siRNA, shRNA, microRNA, circular RNA, lncRNA and various compounds have been developed
to target YB-1 for cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the physiological characteristics
of YB-1 in detail, highlight the role of YB-1 in tumors and summarize the current therapeutic
methods for targeting YB-1 in cancer.
Curcumin-based Nanoformulations to Target Breast Cancer: Current
Trends and Challenges
Authors: Patra Digambara , Baydoun Elias , Badran Adnan , Mesmar Joelle , Wehbe Nadine , Kurdi Riham El
Published: September 2021

:

Breast cancer remains one of the most common cancers in women worldwide, and despite
significant improvements in treatment modalities, the prognosis of this cancer is still poor.
Herbs and plant extracts have been associated with various health benefits, and traditional folk
medicine is still receiving great interest among patients as proven by accumulated records, tolerable
side effects of herbal compounds compared to their synthetic counterparts, and low cost. Curcumin
is a polyphenol identified as the main active ingredient in turmeric and has been used in the
treatment of various diseases and ailments. Additionally, the pharmacological activities of curcumin
on many cancers have been investigated substantially due to its ability to regulate many signaling
pathways involved in cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the low solubility and
bioavailability of curcumin limit its benefits, urging the need for new curcumin formulations and
delivery systems. Nanotechnology has been widely publicized in cancer treatment not only to overcome
the limitations of poorly soluble and physiologically unstable compounds but also to improve
the delivery of the drug to the diseased site and cellular uptake. In this review, we summarized the
main anti-tumor effect of curcumin and its mode of action on breast cancer and focused on the anticancer
efficacy of various and recent curcumin nanoformulations and delivery systems. Such nanotechnological
systems could pave the way to address a new future direction in this research area,
enhancing the therapeutic potential of curcumin in the treatment of breast cancer. In the next few
years, there will be more focus on developing curcumin-based materials for breast cancer treatment.
Compensation of the error of automotive capacitive fuel level sensors when using them on special self-propelled rolling stock
Authors: Popov K. M.
Published: September 2021

Consumption of diesel fuel by the special rolling stock of Russian Railways per year amounts to tens of thousands of tons, and the issue of reliable accounting and control of its consumption is quite urgent. Currently, part of the special self-propelled rolling stock is equipped with on-board systems for measuring fuel consumption, however, in many units of this equipment, fuel control and accounting is carried out in manual mode. Massive introduction of on-board fuel consumption measurement systems on special self-propelled rolling stock is constrained, on the one hand, by the rather high cost of fuel sensors used on locomotives, on the other hand, by the increased error of relatively inexpensive automotive capacitive fuel level sensors. As part of the laboratory tests of such sensors, it was determined that when they operate on fuel of the same grade, the error corresponds to the passport and is at the level of 1 %, and when operating on fuel of different grades without additional recalibration, the error can reach 4 % or more. This is largely due to the simplified technology for measuring the amount of fuel in units of volume and insufficient compensation for changes in the density of diesel fuel. To solve this problem, an alternative to standard technology for determining the amount of fuel using automotive capacitive fuel level sensors is proposed, in which the dependence of the readings of these sensors on the fuel density at a standard temperature, once obtained in laboratory conditions, is used. Proposed technology of using automotive capacitive fuel level sensors on a special self-propelled rolling stock will allow keeping its relative reduced error at the level of 1 % and will provide measurement of the amount of fuel in units of mass.
Level of Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetic Emergencies Among Turkish Bus Drivers: Example of the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Şentürk Sibel , Terkeş Nurten
Published: September 2021

The objective of this research was to determine the level of knowledge and awareness of diabetic emergencies among Turkish bus drivers.

Methods. The universe of this descriptive and cross-sectional study was all the individuals working as bus drivers in the Mediterranean Region between January-June 2019, and the study sample was 1292 drivers who met the inclusion criteria of the research. Data were collected by the Personal Information Form and the Diabetic Emergency Information and Awareness Survey Form. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used in data evaluation.

Results. The average age of bus drivers participating in the study was 38.29 ± 9.44 years, while their average work experience was 12.50 ± 8.92 years. Among them, 14.9% of bus drivers had a diabetic family member; 23.7% of bus drivers had a first aid certificate; 11.5% of bus drivers received diabetes-related training. The average score of drivers for the level of knowledge and awareness regarding diabetic emergencies was found to be 15.39 ± 4.72. There was a statistically significant difference between the drivers’ average scores for the level of knowledge and awareness and their age, education status, work experience, the presence of chronic disease, the presence of a diabetic family member, the presence of a first aid certificate, diabetes-related training, the place of receiving this training variables (p < 0.05).

Conclusions. Bus drivers were found to have above average levels of knowledge and awareness of diabetic emergencies. Bus drivers are recommended to be trained on diabetic emergencies and raising awareness of diabetes mellitus to ensure a proper intervention in case of emergencies in individuals with diabetes mellitus during travels.