bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students’ Reading Habit and Their Reading Comprehension in Learning English
Authors: Nurhayati  , Geraldo Amelius Najoan
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation between students’ reading habit in learning English and their reading comprehension in learning English and was used quantitative descriptive approach. The data was collected from 100 students of Grade VII students in SMP Negeri 1 Airmadidi. To answer the research questions, descriptive mean analysis and Pearson Product Coefficient Correlation were used. The findings revealed that the level of students’ reading habit was 3.30, indicating as moderate level. The level of students’ reading comprehension was 2.70, indicating as moderate level, and the p = 0.00, and r = 0.45, indicating that there is a significant correlation between reading habit and reading comprehension. However, the correlation was moderate. Since there is a significant correlation between the two variables, it is important for teachers to pay attention to students’ habit in reading for their good comprehension as well.
Strengthening the Role of Indonesian Language in the 2013 Curriculum According to Text-Based Language Learning
Authors: Fairul Zabadi
Published: November 2023

Before the 2013 Curriculum was set by the government, Indonesian only played a role as a subject and a vehicle for communication in schools. This role appears to be increasing along with the shift in the Indonesian language learning paradigm through text-based learning. This research aims to explore the role of Indonesians in the 2013 Curriculum and the implications of its methodology for learning. The method used is descriptive qualitative using library documents. The research data is in the form of Indonesian language teaching materials for junior high schools sourced from books issued by the government. The research results show that the function of the Indonesian language is confirmed by its existence as a catalyst and vehicle for science, technology, and art (science and technology). The increase in the function of the Indonesian language is also in line with the application of text-based learning methods through four learning stages, namely building context, modeling text, building text together, and building text independently. In this context, Indonesian is at the forefront of absorbing science and technology; conveying information through ideas and opinions; and binding the diversity of languages, ethnicities, and religions in the form of complete diversity.
Predictive influence of locus of control on adult learners’ academic attitude and engagement
Authors: Itasanmi Sunday Abidemi , Ajani Oluwatoyin Ayodele , Mabayoje Dahunsi Emmanuel , Odiaka Stella Ifeyinwa
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to empirically examine the predictive influence of locus of control (internal and external) on adult learners’ academic attitude and engagement using the theory of andragogy.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted a quantitative research approach and data were collected from 216 adult learners participating in literacy programmes in Oyo State, Southwest Nigeria.  The study's data collection tool was a structured questionnaire that focused on four domains: demographic parameters, locus of control (internal and external), academic attitude and academic engagement.  A partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis with SmartPLS software was used to analyze the collected data.

Findings: The findings of the study indicated that adult learners' academic attitude significantly influenced their academic engagement. It was revealed that the internal locus of control had a significant positive impact on the academic attitude and engagement of the adult learners. Furthermore, the relationship between academic attitude and engagement was moderated by internal locus of control. However, the external locus of control had no significant effect on the academic attitude and engagement of adult learners.

Conclusion: Interventions aimed at improving adult learners' academic attitude and engagement should take into account the role of the internal locus of control. Strategies such as goal-setting and self-reflection critical to developing a stronger internal locus of control may be effective in promoting positive academic attitudes and engagement among adult learners.

Practical Implications: This study’s results have implications for both literacy organizers and facilitators regarding support strategies to maximize learners’ engagement, motivation and effective learning.
Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs) and Governmental Open Educational Resources (OER) Policies: Instruments of International Policy Influence
Authors: Lesko Igor , Perez Salgado Paquita , Van den Bosch Herman
Published: November 2023

Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs) have been playing a prominent role in the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement in advocating for and supporting the development of governmental OER policies. Research shows that IGOs perform multiple roles in influencing national and global education policy processes and possess multiple policy instruments with which they can assert their influence. We adopted the conceptual framework of policy instruments to understand the types of policy instruments applied by the selected IGOs. We carried out semi-structured interviews with representatives from four important IGOs. Results show that the selected IGOs collectively used discursive dissemination, funding, technical assistance, standard-setting and coordinative functions OER policy instruments to influence the development of governmental OER policies. We report on the perceived and observed successes of these IGOs OER policy instruments and the related challenges. We discuss relevant findings and their implications for further research and activities of IGOs.
Genetic polymorphism of melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene in Indian sheep breeds
Authors: MEENA A S , KUMAR RAJIV , KUMARI RAJNI , JYOTSANA BASANTI , PRINCE L L L , KUMAR SATISH
Published: November 2023

Polymorphism in the melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) is associated with seasonal reproduction of sheep. Genetic polymorphism in MTNR1A gene was investigated in 4 Indian sheep breeds reared in semi-arid and arid region of the Rajasthan. In this study, blood samples were collected from 171 animals. DNA was extracted from white blood cells. The PCR product (824bp) of exon II fragment of sheep MTNR1A gene was amplified. PCR products were digested separately with 2 restriction endonucleases, viz. MnII and RsaI. Polymorphism was detected at both loci of MTNR1A gene. At MnII locus, allele frequency for Magra, Garole, Malpura and Avikalin breed was found as 0.74, 0.74, 0.78, and 0.84 for M allele and 0.26, 0.26, 0.22, 0.16 for N allele, respectively. At RsaI locus, allele frequency was found as 0.90, 0.83, 0.69, and 0.59, for R allele and 0.10, 0.17, 0.31, 0.41 for r allele, respectively. It was concluded that the frequencies of ‘M’ and ‘R’ alleles of MTNR1A were higher in Indian sheep breeds.
Effect of synchronization of ruminal energy and nitrogen supply on in vitro microbial protein synthesis and rumen fermentation*
Authors: SHETE S M , TOMAR S K , HELKE S K , SIROHI S K , THAKUR S S , SINGH B
Published: November 2023

Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of synchronization of ruminal energy and nitrogen (N) supply on in vitro microbial protein synthesis (MPS) and rumen fermentation pattern. Commonly used tropical feeds and fodders(sorghum grain, maize grain, wheat bran, mustard cake, groundnut cake, maize fodder, oat fodder and wheat straw) were first evaluated in sacco for their organic matter and N degradation characteristics. The protein sources (mustard and groundnut-cake) had faster N degradation rate while energy source (sorghum grain) had faster whereas the other (maize grain) had slower rate of energy release. By varying the proportion of feed ingredients, 6 isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated and their synchrony index (SI) was calculated using in sacco degradability kinetic data. The diets were classified as high(HS), medium (MS) and low(LS) synchronous based on their SI with 2 diets in each category. These diets were evaluated for rumen fermentation parameters by in vitro gas production technique. The total gas production from HS and MS diets was significantly higher indicating higher fermentation while any specific trend in methane production was not observed. Degradability of HS and MS diets was significantly higher than that of LS diets. The NH3-N content in HS and MS diets was significantly lower indicating higher uptake of N from these diets while TCA-ppt N and total N content was significantly higher from these diets in comparison with LS diets. The TVFA and propionate production was higher in HS and MS diets while acetate production was higher in LS diets. Acetate: propionate ratio was significantly lower in HS and LS diets. The HS and MS diets produced significantly higher amount of microbial N with greater efficiency of MPS. It was concluded that due to synchronization of energy and N supply, the in vitro rumen fermentation was improved with higher MPS and efficiency of N capture.
Strategic use of condensed tannins through a tree leaves mixture on nutrient utilization and performance of kids
Authors: DUBEY MANISH , DUTTA NARAYAN , SHARMA K , BANERJEE P S , PATTANAIK A K , SINGH M
Published: November 2023

The study was designed to ascertain the effect of strategic use of condensed tannins (CT) through tanniferous tree leaves on nutrient utilization and growth in kids. Indigenous kids (18) were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 each in a completely randomized design and fed 3 iso-nitrogenous diets to contain 0, 1.0 and 2.0% CT through a dried and ground leaf meal mixture of Ficus infectoria, Psidium guajava and Ficus bengalensis. The diets were designated as CT0, CT-1, and CT-2, respectively, and fed to kids on a basal diet of wheat straw to meet requirements for maintenance and growth. Blood-biochemical profile was monitored in all the kids at 0, 40, 80 and 120 days of feeding. The average daily growth rate and feed conversion ratio for 120 days showed a significant linear increase by supplementation of CT up to 2.0% of diet through leaf meal mixture. Though supplementation of CT up to 1.0% of diet did not interfere with the nutrient intake or digestibility, a depressing effect on DM and OM digestibility at 2.0% CT level was apparent without any detrimental effect on intake. DCP and TDN values of the composite diets were decreased significantly (linear, P<0.046 or 0.016) in CT-2 than control (CT-0), however, intake of DCP, DOM and TDN did not differ significantly irrespective of dietary treatments. Feeding of CT containing diets up to 2.0% level significantly influenced N utilization and enhanced its retention. Similarly, microbial nitrogen synthesis as estimated by urinary excretion of purine derivatives was increased significantly with CT inclusion. Haematological (haemoglobin and PCV) and biochemical parameters (serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio and LDH, were similar among the dietary treatments except for significant reduction in serum urea concentration of kids fed diets containing 1-2% CT. It may be concluded that CT from a mixture of F. infectoria, P. guajava and F. bengalensis leaves from 1 to 2% of diet improved overall performance of kids.
Efficacy of DL- methionine in amelioration of aflatoxicosis in coloured broiler chicken
Authors: SINGH RAM , MANDAL A B , BISWAS AVISHEK
Published: November 2023

The effect of supplementation of DL- methionine (0.025 and 0.05%) in diet containing 1 ppm total aflatoxin (AF: 76.45% AFB1, 10.52% AFB2, 9.89% AFG1 and 3.14% AFG2) in broiler chickens (day-old to 42 days of age) was investigated. Day-old broiler chicks (180) were divided into 6 treatment groups (T1 - control; T2 - T1 + 1ppm AF, T3 - T1 + 0.025% Met, T4 _ T1+ 0.05% Met, T5 -T2 + 0.025% Met, and T6 -T2 + 0.05% Met). Each diet was fed to 3 replicated groups of 10 birds each from day-old to 42 days of age. The results showed that the body weight gain (BWG) of aflatoxin fed group (T2) was lower than that of control group (T1). The weight gain in groups T3 and T4 did not differ from control, while in groups T5 and T6 gain was higher than that of T2, but lower than that of control. The feed intake (FI) in T5 and T6 was higher than that of T2, but lower than that of control, while FI did not differ in T3 and T4 from that of control. The FCR also increased to 2.41 in T2 in comparison to control (2.15). Barring T2, the FCR in other groups were equal to that of control. Significantly reduced serum protein and cholesterol were reported in T2 compared to T1. The serum protein and cholesterol content in group T5 and T6 remained higher than that of T2, but lower than that of control. ASAT and ALAT activities were increased by feeding aflatoxin (T2) compared to T1. Methionine supplementation to toxin contaminated diet (T5 and T6) reversed these parameters more or less comparable to that of control. Significant increase in the relative weights of liver and gizzard due to aflatoxin feeding (T2) was reported compared to control. The relative weights of liver and gizzard in groups T5 and T6 were similar to that of control. The relative weight of bursa of Fabricius in T2 was lower compared to control. The relative weights of bursa in groups T5 and T6 was similar to that of control. It was concluded that inclusion of slightly higher methionine (0.025 or 0.05%) in feed of coloured broiler chickens was beneficial to counteract the adverse effects of aflatoxin partially.
Exploitation of tannins to modulate rumen ecosystem and ruminants performance: A review
Authors: KUMAR KAUSHALENDRA , CHAUDHARY L C , KUMAR SANJAY
Published: November 2023

Tannins are polyphenolic polymers of relatively high molecular weight with the capacity to form complexes mainly with proteins due to the presence of a large number of phenolic hydroxyl groups. They are widely distributed in nutritionally important forage trees, shrubs and legumes, cereals and grains, which are considered as anti-nutritional compounds due to their adverse effects on intake and animal performance. However, tannins modulate rumen fermentation favorably such as reducing protein degradation in the rumen, prevention of bloat, inhibition of methanogenesis and increasing conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in ruminant-derived foods. The inclusion of tannins in diets has been shown to improve body weight and wool growth, milk yields and reproductive performance. This review discusses the effects of tannins on nutrient metabolism, rumen fermentation, and microbial populations bacteria, protozoa, fungi and archaea), metabolism of tannins, microbial tolerance mechanisms to tannins, inhibition of methanogenesis, and performance of animals. This review seeks to highlight the practical significance of tannins on ruminant nutrition in developing countries. It will also review approaches to counter the negative effects of tannins.
Enhancing nutritional value in fruit crops through biofortification: A comprehensive review
Authors: SHARMA REETIKA , BAKSHI PARSHANT , KUMAR RAKESH , SHARMA ARTI , MAANIK  , THAKUR NIKHIL , KUMAR VIJAY , GHEWARE KEDAR MAHADEV
Published: November 2023

Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal 2 (UN-SDG2) of eradicating all forms of hunger by 2030 is a formidable yet imperative challenge, given the constrained timeline and the adverse global repercussions of hunger on health and socio-economics. Approximately one-third of the global population suffers from malnutrition or hidden hunger due to micronutrient deficiencies, posing a severe hindrance to economic progress. This has prompted numerous nations to create solutions that could aid in the fight against malnutrition and covert hunger. Food supplementation and dietary diversity are two interventions that are being used. However, the most effective fortification, particularly biofortification, has been predicted to lasting remedy for unmet hunger and malnutrition. To address this issue, the strategy of fruit crop biofortification through gene stacking, employing a judicious blend of traditional breeding and metabolic engineering techniques, holds the potential for significant progress in the next decade. To realize this goal, several specific actions and policy measures are recommended. These measures are vital in our collective pursuit of ending hunger, enhancing global health, and fostering economic development by 2030 as outlined in UN-SDG2. This review article highlights recent research findings and the progress made in expanding biofortification to new countries and environments, thus addressing the global challenge of malnutrition.
Mutações e instabilidade microsatélite em tumor de cólon direito
Authors: Alves Ana Paula Valério , Pileggi Gabriela Salviato , Dário Giovana , Ferreira Maria Eduarda Soubhia , Castanheira Suzeidi Bernardo , Tefé-Silva Cristiane
Published: November 2023

O câncer colorretal (CCR) abrange tumores malignos que podem acometer todo o intestino grosso, sendo cólon, reto e ânus (Kuipers et al., 2015). Estima-se que o número total de novos casos seja de 41.010, sendo 20.540 homens e 20.470 mulheres (Instituto Nacional do Câncer - INCA, 2020). É tratável e, até mesmo, curável, mas precisa ser detectado precocemente, antes de originar metástases para demais órgãos, como os gânglios linfáticos e fígado. A falha no diagnóstico precoce, por um simples exame de teste de sangue oculto nas fezes (PSO), pode vir a explicar o elevado número de mortes, que chega a 20.245, sendo 9.889 homens e 10.356 mulheres (INCA, 2020).
Uso da tecnologia do DNA recombinante na produção de insulina em pacientes com diabetes mellitus: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Moraes Bruno Teixeira Marcos , Melo Isabella Monteneri Benassi , Sousa Bianca Vieira de , Rosifini Natália Nahas , Medeiros Kárem Beatriz , Gyotoku Larissa Cocicov
Published: November 2023

A insulina humana é um hormônio peptídico e proteico, produzido pelas células pancreáticas situadas nas Ilhotas de Langerhans, cuja função é diminuir a glicemia (níveis de glicose no sangue). A secreção ou ação ineficiente da insulina pode levar a uma condição chamada Diabetes Mellitus (DM). O DM é definido como uma desordem metabólica de gênese múltipla, devido a insuficiência absoluta ou relativa de insulina em desempenhar plenamente seus objetivos. É produzida pelo pâncreas e é responsável por manter o metabolismo da glicose. Dessa forma, sua ineficiência bloqueia a metabolização da glicose resultando na hiperglicemia (MARTINS, 2017; COLE; FLOREZ, 2020).
Trastuzumab deruxtecan: a aposta terapêutica no tratamento de pacientes com adenocarcinoma gástrico
Authors: Minante Beatriz Izilda , Vitoreli Bianca Campos , Barros Isabella Silva , Fortunato Isadora Minuncio , Castro Samara Cristina de , Tefé-Silva Cristiane
Published: November 2023

A cada ano o câncer gástrico apresenta cerca de 1.030.000 novos casos, configurando então, o quinto tipo de câncer mais prevalente no mundo e a terceira causa de morte de origem neoplásica (Kotani, D, Shitara, K., 2021).  Dentre eles, os que expressam o biomarcador HER2, apresentam uma maior agressividade e pior prognóstico, uma vez que tal achado promove a proliferação celular e impede a apoptose das células cancerosas, facilitando o crescimento celular descontrolado (Shitara, K et al, 2021).
Tratamento da obesidade com análogos de GLP-1: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Ardais Gabriel Dantas , Lima Nicolle Fortuny de , Batista Sérgio Luchini
Published: November 2023

A obesidade é uma doença endócrina-metabólica de alta prevalência, caracterizada por uma inflamação crônica sistêmica que resulta em aumento do risco de comorbidades como diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e dislipidemia, além de aumentar risco de mortalidade (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, 2021). Adicionalmente, está associada frequentemente à síndrome metabólica e inflamação abdominal, com aumento do risco cardiovascular a longo prazo (SANDSDAL et al., 2023).
Disfunção neurológica na síndrome pós-covid-19: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Botacini Ana Júlia , Pompermayer Raphaella Gava , Guimarães Isabela Santos , Bakir Luís Otávio Santos , Utuni Aimée Pucinelli , Ribeiro Aline Barbosa
Published: November 2023

Sintomas neurológicos são os mais prevalentes dentre as consequências do Pós-COVID-19, caracterizando a Síndrome Pós-COVID-19, em que a infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 induz sintomas induzidos persistentes ou prolongados (acima de 4 semanas) (NALBANDIAN et al, 2021). Os principais sintomas neuropsiquiátricos são: depressão, ansiedade e distúrbios do sono. A partir de estudos prévios, foi possível entender que a causa dessas manifestações se deve ao fato do SARS-Cov-2 conseguir atravessar a barreira hematoencefálica (CRUNFLI et al., 2022).
Episódios de anafilaxia em lactentes e as dificuldades em definir a etiologia: relato de caso
Authors: Lopes de Oliveira Lorena Beatriz , Almeida Amanda Marques , Tojeiro Taís Komono , Santos Bruna Nascimento Gonçalves dos , Neves Mariana Longo , Parreira Rosa Aparecida Ferreira
Published: November 2023

A anafilaxia é definida como uma reação aguda grave, multissistêmica que ocorre em minutos a horas após à exposição a diversos agentes capazes de induzir reações de hipersensibilidade, é uma condição ameaçadora a vida, assim o tratamento necessita ser rápido e adequado para a reversão do quadro (CARDONA V et al, 2020).  Um dos critérios, segundo a Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria em 2021, descreve a presença de urticária e angioedema associado a pelo menos um sintoma sistêmico, sendo na sua maioria, sintomas respiratórios, queda da pressão arterial ou sintomas gastrointestinais.
Legal Analysis of Real Estate Transfer Taxation Provisions in Notarial Transaction Agreements in the Context of the Digitalization of Society 5.0
Authors: Siahaan Albert
Published: November 2023

This study aims to find alternative ways to use digital technology to solve the problem of applying land and building taxes in deeds of sale and purchase. Real estate transfer tax is mandatory in notarized transaction contracts and is levied according to the law. The real estate transfer tax is composed of income tax, value added tax, sales tax on luxury goods and the fee for transferring the title deed. The tax is calculated according to the Regional Tax and Equalization Law and is based on the maximum value of the sale or transaction value of the taxable property. This leads to legal uncertainty, as there are many cases where the basis of calculation has been invented to reduce the tax due before the contract is signed. This leads to a great potential loss for the State if the calculation is based on the Regional Tax and Equalization Law. This study is a normative legal research using books, laws, articles and other legal materials. The results indicate that the basis for calculating property transfer tax in notarial transaction agreements should not be taken from the highest value between the Sales Value of the Taxable Object or transaction value, but rather from the fair market value. The Regional Tax and Retribution Law should be revised with the support of digitalization so that tax potential can increase.
Therapeutic Insights into Anti-Inflammatory Activities Derived from Medicinal Plants
Authors: Sumer Peter De Roux , Debbarma Bimal , Binan Kmensiful , Lyngdoh Waibiangki , Singh Loushambam Samananda
Published: November 2023

Many synthetic drugs previously considered for treating inflammatory conditions have lost favor due to their potential side effects and adverse outcomes, along with their proven safety concerns for human use. In recent years, herbal remedies have gained popularity as an alternative treatment for a wide range of human ailments. Herbs possessing anti-inflammatory properties have attracted significant attention because they do not have many of the drawbacks associated with synthetic medications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recently discovered anti-inflammatory compounds falling into various classes of plant constituents, including alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, polyphenolic compounds, and those derived from marine organisms, fungi, and algae. Furthermore, it explores the broader perspective of potential interactions between herbal and synthetic drugs, associated adverse effects, and clinical studies examining the anti-inflammatory properties of herbs.
Current challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Giri Aditi , Mehan Sidharth
Published: November 2023

This comprehensive review examines the current challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD), a complex psychiatric condition affecting a significant portion of the global population. The challenges in diagnosis, including delayed diagnosis, stigma, misdiagnosis, underdiagnosis, and the difficulties posed by comorbidity, are discussed in depth. Further, the review highlights the obstacles in OCD treatment, such as suboptimal responses to first-line treatments, medication side effects, difficulties accessing treatment, and the heterogeneity of OCD. The paper includes illustrative case studies that shed light on the real-world implications of these challenges. Promising strategies and future directions to overcome these challenges are also explored, emphasizing the need for early and accurate diagnosis, enhanced treatment efficacy, improved access to care, and continuous research to deepen our understanding of OCD. Ultimately, this review advocates for a multi-faceted approach that includes improved diagnostic tools, personalized treatment plans, digital therapy platforms, and robust policies to improve mental health coverage. Despite the current challenges, advancements in understanding OCD and in the development of diagnostic tools and treatments provide an optimistic view of the future of OCD diagnosis and treatment.
Fahrlässigkeit als Irrtum
Authors: Nicklaus Jan
Published: November 2023

Even in criminal law, the negligence criterion is generally charged with legal practitioners’ judgments. This contradicts the principle of separation of powers and puts the legal practitioner in a legislator-like position. The thesis proposes a clearer distinction between factual ability and legal obligation. Only the legislator can make a binding decision on the latter, thus when assessing negligence, objective attribution or unlawfulness, the entirety of written statutory law must be examined for concrete prohibitions. The work, being strictly based on the wording of the current statutory law, examines questions regarding the General Part with a focus on wording and systematic interpretation.
Verfassungsrechtliche Probleme des Zweckentfremdungsrechts
Authors: Grünewald Jördis
Published: November 2023

The publication provides an overview of the origins and development of the misappropriation of residential space. The legal framework is also presented in detail and considers the different legislation in the federal states. Since the Federalism Reform I, it has been incumbent on the federal states to enact their own regulations regarding the misappropriation of property. As a result, the states have their own room for discretion, which in some cases has led to considerable deviations from the previous regulations. This paper covers the main deviations and examines them in detail from the perspective of competence and property law. Finally, the results can be looked up particularly quickly thanks to the section-by-section presentation.
Mehrstimmrechtsaktien
Authors: Wolf Lisa
Published: November 2023

Google, Facebook, Zoom and many other successful Silicon Valley companies have another thing in common besides their location: their founders and CEOs all hold multiple voting shares. In Germany, multiple voting shares have been prohibited since the German Law on Control and Transparency in Business (KonTraG) in 1998. This ban was influenced by the abuses with those shares after World War I and the establishment of the one-share-one-vote principle. However, with the EU Listing Act and the German Future Financing Act (Zu-FinG), multiple voting shares are set to make a comeback. This study attempts to develop an interest-oriented regulation for German Dual-Class Struc-tures using a comparative, economic and empirical approach.
Die Rechtsstellung des Generalanwalts am Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union
Authors: Brügmann Jonas
Published: November 2023

The Advocate General has a lasting influence on the case law of the European Court of Justice and his opinions are widely publicised both in specialist circles and in the general media. In order to better understand the significance of the Advocate General and his opinions for European law, his legal position is comprehensively analysed in this work. Firstly, the selection of the Advocates General and the relevant public service law are elaborated in order to analyse the rights, duties and functions of the Advocate General, with a particular focus on independence and possible impairments. Finally, potentially relevant reforms are considered.
PENGARUH INTERNAL KONTROL, ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR DAN DIGITALISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Day Theresia Millenia Widyasi , Widyastuti Sri , Sihite Mombang
Published: November 2023

Industri perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia ikut serta dalam kompetisi global untuk menjadi perusahaan kelas dunia, peningkatan kinerja Perusahaan sangat penting dalam rangka meningkatkan daya saing. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor Internal Kontrol, Organization Behaviour, dan Digitalisasi terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mixed method yaitu gabungan antara penelitian kuantitatif (146 responden) dan kualitiatif (5 narasumber). Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik wawancara dan penyebaran kuesioner secara online (Gform) dari kepada karyawan yang bekerja di perusahaan perkebunan sawit di Indonesia yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan jabatan Supervisor ke atas. Data dianalisa menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Internal Kontrol, Organization Behaviour, dan Digitalisasi memiliki peran dalam meningkatkan Kinerja Perusahaan. Kinerja perusahaan terlihat dari performa laporan keuangan, pencapaian target produksi secara volume maupun kualitas produksi dan learning and growth. Internal kontrol mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan melalui penentuan SOP, GCG serta performance laporan keuangan yang baik dan tervalidasi oleh auditor eksternal. Perusahaan dapat membentuk budaya kerja organisasi (perusahaan) dan memberikan program peningkatan kompetensi dalam meningkatkan produktifitas dan kinerja karyawan sehingga mampu berkontribusi positif dalam peningkatan Kinerja Perusahaan. Peran leadership dalam perusahaan memagang peranan penting dalam meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan melalui pemberian motivasi, pemenuhan basic needs dan reward (pengakuan) karyawan. Digitalisasi juga berdampak positif dalam melakukan kontrol peruhaan terkait produksi atau output kinerja, administrasi manajemen SDM secara digital, proses bisnis bisa lebih cepat dan terintegrasi. Penerapan digitalisasi memberikan pengalaman yang lebih baik dalam pelaporan lebih akurat, sehingga mampu mendorong pertumbuhan bisnis.
Comparison Table: Some Drugs for Gout
Authors:   Editors from The Medical Letter
Published: November 2023

Comparison Table of some drugs for gout
Correction
Authors:   Editors from The Medical Letter
Published: November 2023

In our article in issue 1687 on the updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna (Med Lett Drugs Ther 2023; 65:161), the doses and formulations of the Pfizer vaccine were incorrect. A revised table has been posted in the online version of the article.
Genealogical Defeat and Ontological Sparsity
Authors: Barker Jonathan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2023

When and why does awareness of a belief's genealogy make it irrational to hold that belief? According to explanationism, a belief’s genealogy undermines its rational status by revealing the lack of an explanatorily connected between that belief and the relevant worldly facts. I argue that an influential recent version of explanationism, due to Korman and Locke, incorrectly implies that it is not rationally permissible to adopt a sparse ontology of worldly facts or states of affairs. I then propose a new “truthmaker” version of explanationism capable of accommodating the possibility of accommodating the possibility of rational belief in ontological sparsity. I close by arguing that, if I am right about the nature of genealogical defeat, then genealogical debunking arguments carry a greater metaphysical burden than has previously been recognized.
Perbaikan Faktor Daya Pada Instalasi Listrik 3 Phasa Pabrik Refill Oksigen Kapasitas 105 kVA dengan Pemasangan Panel Kapasitor Bank
Authors: Akhdiyatul Akhdiyatul
Published: November 2023

Beban listrik memiliki karakteristik resistif, induktif, dan kapasitif. Karakteristik ini akan berdampak pada sistem kelistrikan yaitu faktor daya. Nilai faktor daya dibatasi dari 0 hingga 1, Jika nilai faktor daya mendekati 1 (daya aktif tinggi) sehingga sistem kelistrikan akan lebih baik dan sebaliknya jika semakin rendah faktor dayanya mendekati 0 (daya reaktif) tinggi) sehingga daya listrik yang kurang yang dapat dimanfaatkan dari sejumlah daya tampak sama. Ketika sistem kelistrikan memiliki faktor daya rendah (daya reaktif yang besar) itu akan mempengaruhi penurunan kualitas daya dan meningkatnya penggunaan daya listrik. Dalam identifikasi masalah banyak ditemukan penggunaan elektro motor atau motor listrik 3 phasa yang menghasilkan beban induktif dan mempengarui pada faktor daya atau cos phi. PLN telah menentukan nilai minimum dari faktor daya adalah 0,8. Jika faktor daya dibawah 0,8 maka konsumen atau pabrik yang memakainya di kenakan denda oleh PLN. Kebutuhan kapasitor bank yang di gunakan pada kapasitas daya 105 kVA dengan cos phi 0,9 yaitu 22,33 kVAR.
The use of pesticidal plants as environmental friendly Practice for field and storage pests’ management in Common beans and cowpeas
Authors:   , Mkindi Angela
Published: November 2023

Infestation caused by insect pests on legumes has been witnessed to cause losses in the fields during cultivation as well as during storage. Use of pesticidal plants is seen as an alternative option although it is not used widely. Fresh leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii, Vernonia amygdalina, Tithonia diversifolia and Lantana camara were evaluated for their efficacy against field insect pests (Aphids (Aphis fabae), Bean leaf beetle(Ootheca bennigseni), Flower (blister) beetles (Mylabris sp), Caterpillars (Anticarsia gemmatalis and Pod suckers) and beneficial insects (Spiders (Araneae), Lady Bird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata), Lacewings(Chrysopidae) and Robbefly (Asilidae)) in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) and Callosobruchus maculatuson stored cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata). Pesticidal plants extracts were prepared in concentrations of (0.1%, 1% and 10% w/v). Weekly spraying of the extracts was done preceded by insects’ assessment one day before each spray. Yield of common beans and persistence of compounds from plants solutions was also evaluated. Pesticidal plants powders were tested on stored cowpea against C.maculatus. The pesticidal plants showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) ability to reduce insect pests as well as favouring presence of predators and natural enemies in the field. Leaf extracts of T.vogelii was found the most active in the control of field as well as storage insect pests and again contributing to the growth and yield of common beans. Effectiveness of T.vogelii was the highest against C.maculatus by exhibiting less infestation by adult insects, less oviposition and low damage. In this study pesticidal plants were observed to be active against common insects’ pests when compared with untreated. Their effects against beneficial insects and natural enemies were observed to be lower compared with synthetic pesticide treatment.
KAI Commuter Employee Development Application Using The Waterfall Method
Authors: Ramadan Angga Riski , Junaidi Agus , Azis Mochammad Abdul
Published: November 2023

The KAI Commuter Employee Development application is a solution to support employee development in the PT environment. Indonesian Commuter Train. The development method used in this project is the Waterfall Method, which is a sequential approach consisting of clear phases, including planning, analysis, design, development, testing, and implementation. This application aims to increase effectiveness and efficiency in the management and development of employees in the company. With features such as performance tracking, training, employee evaluation, and creating personal development plans, this application provides a powerful tool for management to monitor and improve the potential of their employees. The development process using the Waterfall Method allows developers to carefully detail requirements before starting the stage implementation. This ensures the application can meet predefined requirements well throughout the development cycle. In addition, this model allows for more structured progress monitoring and enables more efficient project management. By adopting the KAI Commuter Employee Development application and implementing the Waterfall Method, companies can develop their employees, increase productivity, and optimize resources for their humans.
THE COMPARISON OF THE EXPECTATIONS TOWARD AIRLINES SERVICE IN THAILAND : CASE STUDY OF THAI AIRWAYS-KOREAN AIR
Authors:   , Phonghatsabun Ornjira
Published: November 2023

The objectives of this research are: (1) To survey the individual expectations toward Thai Airways and Korean Air (2) To study the comparison of the individual expectation toward Thai Airways and Korean Air. (3) To study factors affect the expectations of the customers. The research adopted the primary data and secondary data such as, in-depth interview question, reviewing previous researches, internet, books and articles. This qualitative research studies in comparison of person’s expectancy to Thai Airways and Korean Air by screening samples from people whom never experienced in services offered by Thai Airway and Korean Air to conduct in-depth interview and employ collected data for comparison analysis. The result of the research are as follow: (1) Thai individual highest expectation towards both Thai Airways and Korean Air is safety (2) The individual person expect for convenience from Thai Airways more than Korean Air, while expect for good service from Korean Air than Thai Airways.
Incidence and Correlates of Preterm Birth at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital
Authors:   Department of Medicine and Surgery, Kampala International University, Uganda, Ronald Ssali
Published: November 2023

Born before completing 37 weeks of gestation or 259 days from the first day of a woman's last menstrual period, preterm birth, as per WHO, is the leading cause of infant mortality globally. In 2013, it accounted for 1 million out of 6.3 million deaths among children under 5. While predominantly affecting developing nations, its impact extends worldwide, influencing maternal health and the survival challenges faced by premature infants. An investigation aimed to discern the prevalence of preterm birth and its associated factors at HRRH was conducted. This cross-sectional, institution-based study assessed mothers delivering newborns at HRRH from March 1st to 31st, 2021. A sample of 60 mothers was selected using simple sampling techniques. Face-to-face interviews with structured questionnaires gathered data, which was coded, organized manually, and analyzed using SPSS for descriptive parameters. The study revealed a 33% prevalence rate of preterm birth. Risk factors identified included a history of preterm labor (P=1.00), premature rupture of membranes (P=<0.001), urinary tract infection during pregnancy (P=0.01), hypertension during pregnancy (P=0.836), history of malaria during pregnancy (P=0.003), and infant gender (P=0.144). Recognizing pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery and enhancing healthcare quality, community health education, and awareness campaigns are crucial steps to mitigate the incidence and consequences of preterm birth. Moreover, further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to explore additional associations leading to preterm birth. Keywords: prevalence, risk factors, preterm birth
Evaluating Medical Waste Sorting Methods and Ultimate Disposal Across Various Health Units at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital
Authors:   Department of Medicine and Surgery, Kampala International University, Uganda, Reagan Muhumuza
Published: November 2023

Globally, the surge in medical and healthcare waste is evident, primarily driven by population growth, expanding healthcare facilities, and increased usage of disposable medical products. This study employed qualitative data collection methods, utilizing direct observation and daily review of completed questionnaires to ensure accuracy. Data sets were meticulously organized using an Excel spreadsheet and the Statistical Products and Service Solution (SPSS) data entry module. The assessment focused on waste segregation practices within various health units at KIU-TH. It was observed that healthcare officers in specific units predominantly managed waste segregation, with 95% of units employing color-coded waste bins. Black bins were the most prevalent, followed by red and yellow bins. Notably, a significant percentage indicated that containers for healthcare waste transportation consistently had securely covered lids (96%). The transportation of waste primarily relied on manual methods, either through hand-pushing containers or via vehicles. The study highlighted the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and guiding documents across all health units and disposal sites. Overall, the findings underscored the prevalence of healthcare waste segregation using color-coded collection bins. However, instances of non-hazardous waste mixing with hazardous waste in general containers were observed, alongside the widespread presence of instructive posters in nearly all visited health units. Keywords: medical waste, segregation practices, disposal
How weird was the ilium of Brontomerus?
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: November 2023

Sorry for the very short post. We have some longer stuff planned, but we’ve been too busy to kick it out this week, and I wanted to leave you with something cool to ponder over the weekend. Here’s the ilium of  Giraffatitan  overlaid on that of  Brontomerus  , scaled to the same acetabulum diameter (  Giraffatitan  is HMN J1, left ilium, modified from Janensch 1961: pl. E, fig.
Tutorial 12: How to find problems to work on
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: November 2023

If you’ve been following the past few tutorials, you now know how to get copies of academic papers (learn Google fu and ask politely) and how to become a paleontologist (write and publish papers). But what are you going to write and publish papers  about  ? My own experience, and my impression from talking with many others, is that when you move into a new field for the first time, it often
Hydrogen bonds: carbon as an acceptor rather than as a donor?
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: November 2023

A hydrogen bond donor is considered as an electronegative element carrying a hydrogen that is accepted by an atom carrying a lone pair of electrons, as in X:…H-Y where X: is the acceptor and H-Y the donor. Wikipedia asserts that carbon can act as a donor, as we saw in the post on the incredible chloride cage, where six Cl  :  …H-C interactions trapped the chloride ion inside the cage.
Carbon as a hydrogen bond acceptor: can dicarbon (C2) act in this manner?
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: November 2023

In the previous post, I showed that carbon can act as a hydrogen bond acceptor (of a proton) to form strong hydrogen bond complexes. Which brings me to a conceptual connection: can singlet dicarbon form such a hydrogen bond? Dicarbon can be variously represented as above. The first form shows it as a bis-carbene, with an unbonded lone pair of electrons at each end of a carbon double bond.
Who owns my sauropod history paper?
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: November 2023

Here is an oddity. When the Geological Society sent my the PDF of my sauropod-history paper, their e-mail contained the following rather extraordinary assertions: I think, and I hope you will all agree with me, that the idea of providing a finite number of “electronic reprints” is profoundly misguided and patently unenforcible.  But let’s skip blithely around that and focus on the core issue.
The Structure of Tetrodotoxin as a free base – with a better solvation model.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: November 2023

In the previous post, I discussed the structure of the free base form of tetrodotoxin, often represented as originally suggested by Woodward[1] below in an ionic form: Quantum calculations suggested that this form was higher in energy than neutral forms devoid of the zwitterionic charge separation in a relatively non polar solvent such as chloroform. For this, a so-called continuum solvation model was used.
Tutorial 10: how to become a palaeontologist
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: November 2023

Last time around, I referred in passing, rather flippantly, to what I called  Tutorial n: how to become a palaeontologist  .  Since then, I realised that actually I could write a tutorial on this, and that it could be surprisingly short and sweet — much shorter than it would have needed to be even a few years ago. So here it is: how to be a published palaeontologist.
The “Ultrasauros” holotype vertebra
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: November 2023

I recently stumbled across this rather good photograph of the holotype vertebra of our old buddy “  Ultrasauros  “, thanks to Wikipedia contributor Ninjatacoshell, and thought you’d like to see it: This is a rather legendary vertebra, but until recently there were no good photographs of it on the web (I know because I tried to find one for my talk at the Dinosaurs: A Historical Perspective conference in 2008). See It’s
I am humbled. Humbled and awed
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: November 2023

Although we like to stay sauropod-o-centric on SV-POW!, I just want to take a moment to acknowledge the most astounding publication I have ever seen, Sterling Nesbitt’s new basal archosaur phylogeny (Nesbitt 2011).  Thanks to the wonder of open access publishing, it is freely available, and I urge everyone to check it out, if only to gaze in open-mouthed astonishment at the scale of the thing.
Please welcome Brontomerus mcintoshi
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: November 2023

Today is the culmination of a project that I and Matt, and our co-author Rich Cifelli, are very proud of: the publication of the new sauropod,  Brontomerus mcintoshi  . Go and read the paper — it’s open access, thanks to the good folks at  Acta Palaeontologica Polonica  . Speculative life restoration of the camarasauromorph sauropod Brontomerus mcintoshi from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah.
Questions about the (metadata) components of a scientific article.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: November 2023

The conventional procedures for reporting analysis or new results in science is to compose an “article”, augment that perhaps with “supporting information” or “SI”, submit to a journal which undertakes peer review, with revision as necessary for acceptance and finally publication. If errors in the original are later identified, a separate corrigendum can be submitted to the same journal, although this is relatively rare.
Tutorial 9: how to get copies of academic papers
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: November 2023

There’s recently been a rash of requests for PDFs on the VRTPALEO mailing list.  Or maybe “plague” would be a better word.
Molecules of the year – 2019: twisty tetracene.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: November 2023

All of the molecules in this year’s C&EN list are fascinating in their very different ways. Here I take a look at the twisty tetracene (dodecaphenyltetracene) which is indeed very very twisty.[1] Click on image to view 3D model Unfortunately, the authors point that the twisty-ness does not lead to a stable helical configuration at room temperatures and so separate enantiomers cannot be isolated.