bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembentukan Karakter Anak Dengan Pendekatan Berbasis Pendidikan Al-Qur’an
Authors: Ahmadi Ahmadi
Published: February 2020

It is natural that morality is a very important foundation in human life. So the formation of character (morals) is part of the main mission of the Prophet Muhammad. Therefore in forming character, it is important to have a formulation of the organization of Islamic education as character education. In formulating it back to the source of Allah's guidance in His shari'a. This study aims to determine the character building of children with the approach of al-Qur'an based education. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research (library research). The conclusion of this study is the education of the Qur'an gradually bringing someone to knowledge who finally was able to practice and reflect in everyday life into a praiseworthy personality. To get a proper understanding of the study of the Qur'an, it is necessary to approach it to reflect what is being read.
Hubungan antara guru dan orang tua melalui program parenting perkembangan anak
Authors: Purnamasari Fitriati Badiah
Published: February 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara guru dan orangtua melalui parenting perkembangan anak di Paud Sahabat Bintang dengan menggunakan metode grounded research dengan responden sebanyak 10 orang yang terdiri dari 3 orang guru dan 7 orang tua murid di sekolah dan teknik observasi dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlunya keseimbangan antara pengasuhan di sekolah dan rumah serta mengawasi anak bergaul dengan temannya
Penanggulangan putus sekolah dengan pelibatan orang tua di Desa Rumpin
Authors: Larasati Agnesita Widi
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan konsep yang dapat menanggulangi putus sekolah yang berada di Desa Rumpin dengan pelibatan orang tua. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan sampel 30 responden orang tua dan anak putus sekolah yang ada di Desa Rumpin Bogor. Dengan cara penentuan sampel, jadi memilih beberapa responden yang telah ditentukan oleh peneliti. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) faktor penyebab anak putus sekolah di Desa Rumpin Bogor karena keadaan ekonomi yang membuat orang tua tidak bisa membiayai anaknya sekolah, ada juga karena pola pikir orang tua yang kurang mengetahui pentingnya pendidikan bagi masa depan, jarak lokasi rumah ke sekolah yang jauh dan akses jalur menuju sekolah juga transportasi kendaraan yang kurang memadai. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa upaya penaggulangan anak putus sekolah di Desa Rumpin Bogor dengan cara upaya penanggulangan secara preventif atau biasa disebut dengan pencegahan, upaya penanggulangan secara represif atau disebut dengan penanggulangan dan yang terakhir dengan cara pembinaan. Untuk itu pentingnya pelibatan atau partisipasi orang tua dalam penanggulangan putus sekolah yang ada di Desa Rumpin Bogor. Agar setidaknya dapat berkurang anak-anak yang putus sekolah di Desa Rumpin Bogor.

 

Abstract

This study aims to find concepts that can overcome dropouts in Rumpin Village with the involvement of parents. The research method used was a survey method with a sample of 30 respondents parents and school dropouts in Rumpin Village, Bogor. By way of determining the sample, so choose some respondents who have been determined by researchers. The results of this study indicate that (1) the factors causing children to drop out of school in Rumpin Village Bogor due to economic conditions that make parents unable to pay for their children to go to school, there is also because the mindset of parents who do not know the importance of education for the future, the distance from home to distant schools and access routes to schools are also inadequate vehicle transportation. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the effort to prevent school drop-outs in Rumpin Village in Bogor is preventive or commonly referred to as prevention, repressive measures or referred to as countermeasures, and finally by coaching. For this reason, the importance of involving or participating parents in overcoming school dropouts in Rumpin Village, Bogor. In order to at least reduce the number of children who drop out of school in Bogor Rumpin Village.
Penanggulangan penganguran dengan pelatihan keterampilan menjahit
Authors: Rahayu Anita
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan konsep yang dapat digunakan untuk menanggulangi pengangguran di Desa Girimulya dengan pelatihan keterampilan menjahit, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan sampel sebanyak 30 orang Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil penelitian untuk pengaruh jumlah penduduk, tingkat pengangguran dan tingkat pendidikan terhadap kemiskinan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengangguran dan tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan sedangkan jumlah penduduk tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemiskinan. Saran yang harus dilakukan pemerintah adalah dengan memperhatikan peningkatan kualitas SDM, dengan cara membuat pelatihan-pelatihan untuk meningkatkan pendidikan dan keterampilan tenaga kerja agar bisa bersaing dalam memperoleh pekerjaan sehingga tidak terjerat dalam kemiskinan.
PENDAMPINGAN DETEKSI DINI TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SDIDTK PADA GURU PAUD DAN TK DI KECAMATAN SOCAH KABUPATEN BANGKALAN
Authors: Khasanah Uswatun , Badriyah Badriyah , Rahardjo Sutio , Nurlaili Anis , Hendriyani Feftin
Published: February 2020

Pembinaan tumbuh kembang anak secara komprehenship dan berkualitas dilakukan pada masa kritis melalui kegiatan “stimulasi, deteksi dan intervensi dini” penyimpangan tumbuh kembang balita. Kegiatan ini merupakan kegiatan yang menyeluruh dan terkoordinasi, diselenggarakan dalam bentuk kemitraan antara keluarga ( orang tua, pengasuh anak dan anggota keluarga lainnya), masyarakat (kader,tokoh masyarakat, organisasi profesi, lembaga swadaya masyarakat) dan tenaga profesional (kesehatan, pendidikan dan sosial). Peran serta guru PAUD sebagai salah satu sasaran tidak langsung pada pelaksanaan SDIDTK diharapkan dapat membantu meningkatkan kualitas tumbuh kembang anak usia dini dan kesiapan memasuki jenjang pendidikan formal. Di Kecamatan Socah terdapat 292 anak usia pra sekolah, dengan jumlah PAUD dan TK sebanyak 35 sekolah dan sebagian besar guru PAUD dan TK yang ada belum pernah mendapatkan pengetahuan ataupun pelatihan tentang SDIDTK. Hasil yang didapatkan dari kegiatan ini, dari 30 guru PAUD/TK yang mengikuti kegitan, untuk pengukuran pertumbuhan dan semua guru PAUD/TK sudah dapat melakukan dengan benar. Sedangkan untuk pengukuran perkembangan, pada saat dilakukan evaluasi kegiatan yang pertama masih ada yang belum bisa melakukan dengan benar penilaian perkembangan dengan menggunakan KPSP namun pada saat evaluasi kedua dan ketiga semua guru PAUD/TK sudah dapat melakukan dengan benar.
EDUKASI PEMBERIAN MAKANAN TAMBAHAN BAGI IBU BALITA GIZI KURANG
Authors: Limanto Susana , Liliana Liliana , Purba Surono
Published: February 2020

Anak adalah calon calon generasi penerus bangsa yang perlu disiapkan sejak dini sehingga mampu menjadi Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) penerus bangsa yang berkualitas. Proses untuk menyiapkan SDM yang berkualitas seharusnya sudah dimulai sejak perencanaan pernikahan, masa kehamilan, kelahiran, anak, dewasa, hingga lansia. Masa yang paling kritis adalah masa kehamilan dan kelahiran sampai dengan usia 1000 hari pertama kelahiran. Untuk itu, pada usia tersebut diperlukan zat gizi yang bermutu dan memadai. Pemerintah bertanggungjawab untuk menyediakan sarana dan prasarana kesehatan sehingga masyarakat dapat memperoleh layanan kesehatan yang layak secara merata. Pelayanan yang diberikan oleh puskesmas Sawahan terutama diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat di kelurahan Sawahan dan Petemon.  Data tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa jumlah balita gizi kurang di kelurahan Sawahan dan Petemon masih cukup banyak. Apabila balita gizi kurang yang ada di Kelurahan Sawahan dan Petemon tidak segera ditangani dengan baik, maka balita tersebut berpotensi berubah status menjadi gizi buruk. Potensi permasalahan mitra di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sawahan adalah Gizi Kurang pasca kejadian Balita Gizi Buruk dapat berpotensi menjadi kondisi stunting. Oleh karena itu, tim Abdimas dari Universitas Surabaya berinisiatif untuk membantu Puskesmas Sawahan melalui program pengabdian ini, dengan tujuan untuk memberikan edukasi pada ibu yang memiliki batita, agar dapat memberikan makanan yang sesuai dengan usianya.
PERMAINAN PUZZLE SEBAGAI MEDIA EDUKASI KONSUMSI SAYUR DAN BUAH DI TK/PG YASPORBI SURABAYA
Authors: Farhani Nadia , Pratiwi Viera Nuriza
Published: February 2020

Konsumsi sayur dan buah merupakan salah satu syarat dalam pemenuhan gizi seimbang pada anak balita. Akan tetapi, anak balita cenderung tidak mau mengonsumsi sayur dan buah karena berbagai faktor. Pertama, sayur dan buah rasanya cenderung pahit dan tidak enak dibandingkan makanan ringan atau makanan manis. Kedua, pengetahuan mengenai pentingnya mengonsumsi sayur dan buah juga masih kurang. Oleh karena itulah, pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak balita khususnya murid-murid TK/PG Yasporbi Surabaya. Metode pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan adalah metode experimental dengan edukasi menggunakan pemutaran video dan permainan puzzle. Video yang diputarkan berupa lagu anak-anak tentang sayur dan buah serta nama-nama kedua jenis makanan tersebut. Populasi yang terlibat dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat sebanyak 90 orang dari kelas Play Group, TK A dan TK B. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukkan bahwa murid-murid TK/PG Yasporbi Surabaya sangat tertarik dan antusias menonton video lagu sayur dan buah. Selain itu, murid-murid TK berpartisipasi dalam permainan puzzle dan berani untuk menyebutkan nama-nama sayur dan buah didepan kelas. Edukasi gizi menggunakan metode permainan puzzle dapat diterapkan kepada anak balita untuk meningkatkan konsumsi sayur dan buah.
Optimasi Pendistribusian Kelas Pada Dosen di STMIK STIKOM Indonesia Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika
Authors: Kusuma Aniek Suryanti , Aryati Komang Sri
Published: February 2020

The stage of class scheduling starts from scheduling courses in classes, then distributing the class to lecturers. The process of distributing classes to lecturers becomes an obstacle for the STMIK STIKOM Indonesia academic body because the academic body must adjust the existing class with the lecturer who is interested in it as well as the lecturer chosen to support a class so that it does not have classes that have a time conflict.

One method for solving these problems is by using genetic algorithms that work by generating a number of random solutions and then processing the collection of solutions in a genetic process. There are eight genetic algorithm procedures, which are random chromosome generation procedures, chromosome repair to validate chromosomes from their limits, fitness function to calculate the feasibility of a solution, crossover, mutation, child repair and elitism.

The output of this research is in the form of an analysis and determination of the system requirements that must exist. In addition, it produces a trial report on the effect of genetic parameters to determine the effect of changes in the value of genetic parameters on the fitness value and the time used to carry out the distribution process.
EXPLORING ACADEMIC DISHONESTY PRACTICES AMONG SCIENCE EDUCATION UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Mâță Liliana , Lazăr Iuliana M. , Ghiațău Roxana
Published: February 2020

The aim of this research was to explore e-dishonesty practices among science education undergraduates based on measurement models. The measuring tool was the Internet-triggered Academic Dishonesty Scale (IADS) comprised of ten items for the fraudulence construct and five items for the plagiarism construct as proposed by Akbulut et al. (2008), and another eight items as proposed by Karim, Zamzuri, and Nor (2009) for the construct of misuse in using information technologies by university students. A pilot sample of 125 valid responses and a test sample of 249 valid responses collected from university students in the Science Education program were subjects of factor analyses, non-parametric and invariance test methods. 16-item IADS scale was confirmed in a Romanian higher education context. A second-order factor (e-dishonesty), and three dimensions of first-order factors (plagiarism, fraudulence, and misuse in using information technologies (IT)) were validated. Plagiarism was the most important factor, followed by fraudulence and misuse in using IT. E-dishonesty practices dimensions not varied depending on the sociodemographic profile of undergraduates. The case study research provided a significant contribution to the understanding of ethical Internet behaviors and to generate an appropriate tool to measure the e-dishonesty practices among undergraduates learning science education subjects. Keywords: academic dishonesty, bi-factor models, fraudulence in using IT, human behavior, plagiarism in using IT, misuse in using IT, Science Education, university students.
До питання про кримінальну відповідальність за ухилення від сплати податків
Authors: Лихошерст Л. М.
Published: February 2020

У статті наведено дослідження суспільно-небезпечного діяння, передбаченого статтею 212 Кримінального кодексу України, та аналіз впливу основних способів ухилення від сплати податків на державну економіку в цілому. Акцентовано увагу на особливостях складу цього злочину та конкретизовано сутність корисливого мотиву.
Особа потерпілого від зловживання повноваженнями особами, які надають публічні послуги
Authors: Косаняк С. С.
Published: February 2020

Ця публікація присвячена з’ясуванню таких питань, як розуміння особи потерпілого від зловживання повноваженнями особами, які надають публічні послуги, різновиди потерпілих у структурі кримінально-правової та криміналістичної характеристики, недоліки чинного законодавства та шляхи їхнього усунення.
Рецензія на монографію О. В. Токарчук «Розвиток державно-правових учень представниками української еміграції (1920–1930-і рр.)»
Authors: Токарчук О. В.
Published: February 2020

Рецензія на монографію О. В. Токарчук «Розвиток державно-правових учень представниками української еміграції (1920–1930-і рр.)»
Функції національних служб у сфері надання адміністративних послуг
Authors: Мацелик Т. О. , Стріяшко Г. М.
Published: February 2020

Статтю присвячено ряду проблем функціонування національних служб у сфері надання адміністративних послуг. Звернуто увагу на види національних служб та здійснено функціональний аналіз їхніх компетенційних повноважень у сфері надання адміністративних послуг. Запропоновано та аргументовано відповідні зміни й доповнення до чинного адміністративного законодавства.
Детермінанта обмежень в адміністративному праві
Authors: Чорна В. Г.
Published: February 2020

У цій науковій статті досліджено правову природу та виокремлено особливості теоретико-правової категорії «обмеження». Автором виділено ознаки та акцентовано увагу на особливостях досліджуваного поняття як філософської правової категорії. Стверджується, що обмеження існують у кожній галузі права.
Discriminación y violencia de género en estudiantes politécnicos en Chimborazo - Ecuador
Authors: Serrano Avalos Kathy Violeta , Villavicencio Narváez Lilia del Carmen , Mejía Paredes Martha Cecilia , Peñafiel Salazar Dayanara de los Ángeles
Published: February 2020

La violencia de género es un grave problema social que afecta a mujeres de diferentes edades, clases sociales, culturas o niveles académicos que superan estereotipos existentes respecto a quienes la sufren, por qué y dónde se produce. Es así que en los últimos años esta problemática ha aumentado a nivel mundial. En Ecuador las cifras no mienten sobre violencia de género; en el 2017 más de un centenar de mujeres ya fueron asesinadas por sus parejas o ex parejas, delitos que caben dentro de la figura de femicidio. Pero esta cifra alarma porque en 2016 fueron 8, lo cual muestra que los números se duplicaron. Frente a esta problemática se realiza esta investigación de  discriminación y violencia de género en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Salud Pública de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo en Ecuador, con el objetivo de identificar actitudes y prácticas de discriminación y violencia física, psicológica y social. La investigación fue de tipo descriptiva de corte transversal, para la recolección de la información se elaboró una encuesta la misma que fue validada por expertos, un grupo de similares características al grupo de estudio y mediante el método de Cronbach. Los principales resultados indicaron que dentro de la facultad de Salud Pública los estudiantes han sufrido violencia física por parte de otros estudiantes y violencia psicológica por parte de docentes; el 8% de estudiantes reconoce haber sufrido violencia física, psicológica por parte de sus parejas. Se recomienda mayor divulgación de la normativa y acciones que la ESPOCH está desarrollando frente a esta problemática para que sean difundidas y se actúe con estrategias integrales en prevención de la violencia de género.
Evaluation of factors determining oncological clearance with sphincter preservation in low rectal cancer
Authors: Haque Asif Almas , Alam Hasina , Talukder Md Rajibul Haque
Published: February 2020

Background: Approximately one third of all colorectal cancers are rectal cancers. It is a peculiar malignancy as resection of this cancer may lead to loss of anal sphincter and the patient is condemned to a permanent colostomy. Aim of the surgery is oncological clearance and sphincter preservation. The optimal surgical management of rectal cancer requires detailed preoperative planning and to determine a logical approach to the management of this complex disease by analyzing the factors that determine its surgical outcome. This study was done to obtain a clear understanding of the factors determining the oncological clearance and sphincter preservation in low rectal carcinoma and thereby guiding surgeons to take appropriate decision in the surgical management.

Methods: This prospective observational study, involving 60 consecutive patients with low rectal cancer, was done in Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, from January 2013 to December 2015. Data were prospectively collected, using detailed proforma and analyzed with a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0 and the results were presented in tables.

Results: Out of the 60 patients, 40 (67%) had oncological clearance and 26 (43%) had sphincter preservation. A statistically significant number of patients with T1-T2 tumor had oncological clearance [40 (83%) vs 8 (17%), p<0.05]. None of the patients with T3-T4 tumor had curative resection. Whereas, a statistically significant number of patients with tumor distance beyond 5 cm from anal verge, had sphincter preservation [32 (94%) vs 2 (6%), p<0.05]. Most of the patients with tumor within 5 cm [24 (94%) out of 26] had sphincter resection.

Conclusion: Tumor factors, favoring sphincter preservation, were ³5 cm distance from anal verge, whereas, circumferential spread limited to muscularis propria (T1-T2), favored oncological clearance.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 16-20
Prediction of the risk of developing diabetes mellitus among Bangladeshi adults by using risk assessment score
Authors: Akter Nazma
Published: February 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the major health problems worldwide. The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bangladesh is primarily attributed to rapid urbanization and associated changes in lifestyle, such as sedentary lifestyle, higher calorie food intake and stressful life. Studies support the utilization of riskassessment scoring systems in quantifying individual’s risk for developing T2DM. Thus, a simple risk-assessment scoring system for early screening of T2DM among Bangladeshi adults will be beneficial to identify the high-risk adults and thus taking adequate preventive measures in combating DM.The purpose of the study was to calculate the risk assessment score of developing T2DM within 10 years among Bangladeshi adults.

Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the outpatient department (OPD) of Medicine, MARKS Medical College & Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2018 to July 2018 among randomly sampled 205 adult subjects. Subjects undiagnosed with diabetes mellitus and had previous history of high blood glucose during pregnancy or other health examination (i.e. impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or gestational diabetes mellitus) were included. From a review of literature regarding risk factors of developing DM in Bangladesh, the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) system was found to be more useful for the Bangladeshi adults. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire was used to collect the data including demographic characteristics and different risk factors and to calculate total risk score for predicting the risk of developing T2DM within 10 years.

Results: Among 205 subjects, male and female were 57.1% and 42.9% respectively. The Mean (±SD) age of the study subjects was 37.64±1.07 years. In this study, both non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors showed statistically significant association with the FINDRISC among Bangladeshi adults (p<0.05). There was a significant association among FINDRISC with history of previous high blood glucose, and treated hypertensive Bangladeshi adults.33.65% of the Bangladeshi adults had slightly elevated diabetes risk score (DRS). This study predicts that 17.55% of the Bangladeshi adults may have moderate to high risk to develop T2DM within the consecutive 10 years.

Conclusion: This study provides a simple, feasible, non-invasive and convenient screening FINDRISC tool that identifies individuals at risk of having T2DM. People with high risk of DM should be referred for early intervention and changes to a healthy lifestyle and primary prevention to prevent or delay the onset of T2DM.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 40-47
Foreign Body Ingestion in Children: Urgency of Management
Authors: Mazumder Md Wahiduzzaman , Karim ASM Bazlul , Rukunuzzaman Md , Begum Fahmida , Nahid Khan Lamia
Published: February 2020

The majority of foreign body ingestions occur in children between the ages of six months and three years. Most cases are brought to medical attention by their parents because the ingestion was witnessed or reported to them. Commonly ingested objects include coins, button batteries, toys, toy parts, magnets, safety pins, screws, marbles, bones, and food boluses. Many of the children are asymptomatic or have transient symptoms at the time of the ingestion. A careful history and physical examination are the keystones in diagnosing an esophageal foreign body and to the prevention of its complications. Imaging can be used to confirm the findings and to localize the site of the foreign body. Clinical management focuses on identifying and treating the cases at risk for complications, which depends on the location and type of foreign body. Timing of removal depends on nature of ingested object and signs & symptoms of the airway/intestinal obstruction. Flexible endoscopy for most foreign body extractions is preferred.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :106-112
Congenital Pulmonary Agenesis of Left Upper Lobe
Authors: Sarkar Probir Kumar , Akand Nabila , Rahman Md Shakibur , Kamruzzaman Md
Published: February 2020

Underdevelopment of lung is a group of congenital anomalies classified into agenesis, aplasia, and hypoplasia of lung, on the basis of presence or absence of lung parenchyma, bronchial tree, and pulmonary artery. The pathogenesis of such anomalies is not accurately known with several proposed theories. It is often associated with anomalies of the cardiovascular & genitourinary systems. An isolated left upper lobe pulmonary agenesis is rare and more commonly involves the right upper and middle lobes. The prevalence of this condition has been noted to be 0.0034–0.0097%. It is associated with the absence of lung parenchyma, bronchial tree, pulmonary vasculature, and may remain undiagnosed until adulthood. Treatment depends on patient’s symptoms, with most patients being treated conservatively. Herein, we report an eight month old infant who presented with fever, cough, and respiratory distress and treated as a case of left sided pneumonic collapse consolidation without radiological improvement and finally diagnosed as a case of left upper lobe pulmonary agenesis with low serum IgA level.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :122-125
Contact and gustatory effects of spinosad on the survivability of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in wheat
Authors: Habiba Umme , Islam W , Parween Selina
Published: February 2020

The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of spinosad on the survivability and development of Sitophilus oryzae on four wheat varieties viz., BARI-26, BARI-28, Shatabdi-21 and Prodip-24. Three doses in three replications for spinosad were applied to four wheat varieties. Spinosad concentrations significantly increased the total developmental period compared to the control in a dose-dependent manner on four wheat varieties. The highest developmental period took 41.67 ± 0.33 days to become adult was recorded in S-21 at 0.0003 μl/g of spinosad in F1. All adults of F1 did not reach in F2 because surprisingly all adults died after emergence. So, no developmental period was found in S-21 (0.00±0.00) and B-28 (0.00 ± 0.00) days at 0.0003 μl/g spinosad in F2. On the other hand, five mated females were released on the treated wheat with different concentrations of spinosad for 10 - 15 days; then they were removed. Treated wheat was checked for up to 30 to 60 days and observed the progeny for two successive generations (1st and 2nd). Each combination of insect species, insecticide rate, and exposure duration were replicated three times. Among four wheat varieties, the lowest adult emergence was recorded as 08.00 ± 0.58 in F1 and totally controlled in F2 generation in S-21 variety at 0.0003 μl/g. Spinosad concentrations significantly increased the total developmental period compared to the control in a dosedependent manner on four wheat varieties.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 253-262, 2019
Heavy metals in water, sediment and three fish species of Dhaleshwari river, Savar
Authors: Mohanta Liton Chandra , Niloy Md Nazmul Hasan , Chowdhury Gawsia Wahidunnessa , Islam Dipa , Lipy Evena Parvin
Published: February 2020

The study was conducted to assess the pollution of five heavy metals, namely arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu). Their concentrations in water and sediments as well as in three fish species such as Labeo rohita (herbivorous), Wallago attu (carnivorous) and Heteropneustes fossilis (omnivorous) were recorded. During wet and dry seasons As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu concentrations in river water ranged from the ‘below detection level (BDL)’- 0.0019, 0.3702 - 0.4163, 0.0285 - 0.0294, 1.204 - 1.36, 0.0315 - 0.0807 ppm and 0.0016 - 0.0180, 0.1305 - 0.1889, 0.0297 - 0.0309, BDL, 0.0381 - 0.0543 ppm, respectively. There was no significant seasonal variation in As and Cu conc. in river water but Cr and Pb conc. were significantly higher during the wet season and Cd conc. was significantly higher during dry season. During the wet and dry seasons As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu conc. in river sediments ranged from 3.67 - 7.13, 21.58 - 64.96, 1.36 - 1.72, 1126.66 - 1199.46, 45.91 - 115.57 ppm and 5.10 - 8.88, 19.27 - 30.75, 1.39 - 1.48, 99.67 - 446.72, 68.98 - 442.78 ppm, respectively. There were no significant seasonal variations in As, Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations of river sediment but Cr concentration was significantly higher during the wet season. Among muscle, gill and gut tissues of three selected fish species, Pb showed the highest level of accumulation in gill tissues while As showed the lowest level of accumulation in muscle tissues in all three species. Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations in the river water were above WHO Guideline values while As and Cu concentrations were below WHO Guideline values. As, Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu concentrations in the river sediment were above the environmental protection agency’s threshold effect level. In all the three studied fish species, As conc. was below FAO guideline value. Pb, Cd and Cr conc. were higher than FAO guideline value in all three fish species and Cu conc. was above FAO guideline value in one species (H. fossilis). At least three heavy metal concentrations were above FAO guideline value in all three fish species. Therefore, all three fish species were not safe for human consumption.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 263-272, 2019
Effects of weather on the abundance and infestation of major insect pests of sweet gourd in Gazipur
Authors: Afroz Mansura , Amin Md Ruhul , Miah Md Ramiz Uddin , Hossain M Mofazzal
Published: February 2020

The study was to assess the infestation of red pumpkin beetle, epilachna beetle and fruit fly on 12 germplasm of sweet gourd Cucurbita moschata. The study also investigated the effect of weather parameters on the abundance of the insects. Red pumpkin beetle, epilachna beetle and fruit fly showed the highest level of infestation during 3rd week of December, 3rd week of January and 4th week of February, respectively. All the insects revealed the lowest level of infestation on BD274 and BD277 germplasm. Relative humidity had insignificant positive correlation with all the insects. Red pumpkin beetle showed significant positive correlation with temperature. Epilachna beetle exerted significant positive correlation with rainfall. The weather parameters jointly contributed 35.2% abundance of red pumpkin beetle and temperature individually depicted the highest effect (18.9%). Rainfall revealed the highest contribution (44.4%) on the abundance of epilachna beetle and the combined effect of the weather parameters was 66.5%. Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall showed 43.2% contribution on fruit fly abundance and the individual effect of relative humidity was the highest (27.0%).

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 285-291, 2019
Biological traits and susceptibility of Delia antiqua (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in onion
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Sultana Shanjida , Akter Tangin , Begum Shefali
Published: February 2020

The pre-oviposition period of mated and unmated female reared on Bangladeshi and Indian onion was 4.5 ± 0.5, 4.37 ± 0.6 days and 4.11 ± 0.09, 4.45 ± 0.32 days, respectively. The oviposition period of mated and unmated female was 5.6 ± 0.6, 6.03 ± 0.6 days and 6.48 ± 0.39, 6.5 ± 0.34 days reared on Bangladeshi and Indian onion, respectively. The life cycle of Delia antiqua consisted of four definite stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. The incubation period was1.38 ± 0.11 and 1.25 ± 0.05 days; larval period was 5.7 ± 0.7 and 5.4 ± 0.05 days; pupal period was 6.8 ± 0.2 and 6.08 ± 0.2 days, respectively. There were three larval instars in D. antiqua. To complete the total life cycle it required shorter period in Indian than in Bangladeshi onion. The total life cycle of female was 16.73 ± 0.89 and 15.29 ± 0.45 days, respectively on Bangladeshi and Indian onion. The difference between the life cycle of female was significant (p < 0.05) in Bangladeshi and Indian onion. Fecundity was higher in Indian than in Bangladeshi onion. The fecundity of female D. antiqua reared in Bangladeshi and Indian onion was 75.2 ± 4.09 and 89.2 ± 2.39, respectively and it was significantly (p < 0.05) varied. Female lived longer than male D. antiqua. It was more susceptible in Indian than Bangladeshi onion irrespective of the duration of life cycle and fecundity.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 325-332, 2019
Water quality and fish diversity of Chengi river of Khagrachari district
Authors: Latifa Gulshan Ara , Majumder Ahmad Kamruzzaman , Kabir Md Humayun , Chakma Arnab
Published: February 2020

Chengi a major river of Khagrachari district is getting polluted day by day due to unplanned river management. Both primary and secondary data have been used to conduct this work. Primary data have been collected through extensive field work, questionnaire and sample collection. Water samples have been collected from three sampling station, namely Ganjapara, Chengi Bridge and Rubber factory sites. Water temperature is higher at different sampling stations in the study site than Bangladesh standards (25°C) due to the direct hit of the sun. The maximum DO value is 5.8 mg/l at the sampling station one and the minimum is 5.3 mg/l at station three. So, it concluded that the DO value of the Chengi river is comparatively lower than the Bangladesh Standards. The water Temperature and pH is higher than the Bangladesh standards and the value of other parameters are very lower than the Bangladesh standards. In fish diversity, 10 families belonging to 6 orders were recorded and identified by the fin formula. The order Cypriniformes occupied 40%, the order Perciformes which occupies 25% and the order Beloniformes, Siluriformes, Cyprinodontiformes occupied 10% and Mollusks and other invertebrates occupied 25%, respectively in all cases. This work provides a complete picture of the water quality and also the fish diversity of the Chengi River. It will be helpful for water resource management and planning.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 343-353, 2019
Spectrum of hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery in Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Chowdhury Anup Kumar , Fakir Abu Yusuf , Islam Md Nazmul , Abedin Syed AM Asfarul , Arafat Mohammad Shaharior , Saha Bishwojit Kumar
Published: February 2020

Hypocalcaemia is not a uncommon complication after thyroid gland surgery. The extent of surgery and expertise are the vital factors to determine the spectrum of hypocalcaemia. This study was done to observe the spectrum of hypocalcaemia after different extent of thyroid gland surgery. A total of 70 consecutive patients were enrolled in the study by purposive sampling who received treatment for thyroid disorder in department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. They underwent different extent of thyroid surgery from January, 2017 to June, 2017. A prospective study was conducted for this 6 months period. A pre-structured, interview and observation based, peer reviewed data collection sheet was prepared. Data regarding sociodemographic, clinical, surgical and outcome profile were recorded. Data were compiled, edited and analyzed with SPSS version 23. Data were presented as mean and standard deviation, frequency percentage and median with range. The mean age of the respondents was 46.79±6.79 years (age range: 36-73 years.). Male to female ratio was 1:2.3. All the patients underwent total, near total, subtotal and completion thyroidectomy. 35(50%) and 28 (40%) patients underwent surgery due to papillary thyroid carcinoma and multinodular goiter respectively. Total of 30 patients developed hypocalcaemia. Among them, 22(73.33%) developed asymptomatic or mild hypocalcaemia which subsequently developed symptomatic hypocalcaemia (26.67%). Out of these 30 patients,15(50%) and 10 (33.33%) patients developed hypocalcaemia  intraoperative (20 minutes after surgery) and after 24 hours after surgery respectively. Serum calcium level significantly decreases after total thyroidectomy and most critical time is the first 24 hours of post thyroidectomy period.

Bangladesh Med J. 2018 Jan; 47 (1): 1-5
Fasting lipid in overweight and obese children: A hospital based study
Authors: Hossain Monira , Begum Suraiya , Rahman Shahana
Published: February 2020

Background: Obesity has become one of the most important public health problems in recent years. Childhood obesity increases the risk of morbidities such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), metabolic syndrome etc. Dyslipidemia pattern consists of a combination of elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Aim of this study was to assess fasting lipid profile and pattern of dyslipidemia in overweight and obese children in a hospital setting.

Methods: It was a cross sectional study done in children, aged 5 to 16 years, attending the paediatric endocrine clinic and paediatric outpatient department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka over a period of 18 months. All overweight and obese children as well as normal weight children were selected after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were categorised as group A (overweight and obese) and group B (normal weight).

Results: In group A, 77.0% of children were obese and 23.0% were overweight. Total cholesterol, LDL and TG were significantly higher in group A (p<0.05). HDL was low in 58.0% of group A and 52.0% of group B which was not significantly different (p>0.05) between the groups. Most of the overweight and obese children had one or two lipid parameters abnormality but majority of normal weight children had one parameter abnormality. Dyslipidaemia was present in 80.0% and 64.0% among group A and group B respectively, which was significantly different (p<0.05).

Conclusion: It was observed that 80.0% patients had dyslipidaemia among the overweight and obese children and total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride level were significantly higher in this group.

Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2019; 45: 81-85
Awareness about Antenatal Care Services among Rural Pregnant Women
Authors: Zafreen Farzana , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Rahman Latifa , Wahab Md Abdul
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) is the care of a pregnant woman required to ensure a healthy pregnancy and safe childbirth. According to the World Health Organization to achieve the full life-saving potential for pregnant women and babies, minimum four ANC visits are essential. Quality and quantity of ANC visit depends on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, awareness and attitude of the individual. To get the benefits from ANC services awareness among pregnant women and their family members are very important.

Objective: To evaluate the awareness about ANC service among the pregnant women attending Upazila Health Complex of a rural community.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the pregnant women attending the outpatient department of Kaligonj Upazila Health Complex, Gazipur, Bangladesh from January to March 2017. Data were collected by face-to-face interview of the respondents using a structured questionnaire. Chi-square (χ2) test was done to see the association among the respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics with awareness about ANC services.

Result: Respondents’ age range was 16-40 years and 61.9% were below 25 years and 71.1% married before 20 years. More than half (66.5%) of the respondents’ found aware about pregnancy danger sign, safe delivery and benefits of ANC service. This study found a significant (p<0.05) association between socio-demographic characteristics and awareness about ANC services of respondents.

Conclusion: Overall knowledge and awareness level on different component and benefits of ANC visit were below the national standard.  To improve the community awareness and practice on ANC services community campaign is recommended.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 11-14
Endoscope-Assisted Parapharyngeal Space Abscess Drainage
Authors: Chang Dong Sik , Lee Jun , Choi So Young , Choi Myoung Su
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives Parapharyngeal space abscess (PPSA) may cause severe complications such as, airway obstruction, jugular thrombophlebitis, and mediastinitis unless early diagnosed and properly treated. Transoral drainage is known to reduce morbidity and hospital stays compared to the external drainage. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of endoscope when draining of PPSA via transoral approach.Subjects and Method We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients who were diagnosed with PPSA and treated surgically between February 2013 and September 2018. We included in the study 39 patients who underwent incisional drainage via transoral approach. Pateints were excluded had they undergo drainage via external approach or who treated with medication alone or operated for parapharyngeal space tumor. Thirty-nine patients were classified into two groups according to whether an endoscope was used or not when draining PPSA. We compared the hospital stays, estimated blood loss (EBL), operating time, revision rate, depth of abscess, and postoperative complications between two groups.Results Of the 39 patients [22 males (M), 17 females (F)], 13 patients (M:F=7:6) were classified as an endoscope group (EG) and 26 (M:F=15:9) as without endoscope group (WEG). The mean hospital stays of the EG and WEG were 7.6±4.6 and 9.8±4.8 days, respectively (p=0.188); the mean EBL of the EG and WEG were 222.2 and 254.0 mL, respectively (p=0.595); the mean operating time of the EG and WEG were 40.0±22.5 and 35.4±14.5 minutes, respectively (p= 0.457); the mean depth of PPSA of the EG and WEG were 4.5±0.9 and 4.0±0.7 c-spine level, respectively (p=0.043), and the revision cases of the EG and WEG were 1 and 2, respectively (p=1.000).Conclusion Endoscopes enabled the draining of PPSA to sit more deeply in the neck compared without it.
Manuka Honey versus Antibiotic Ear Drops in Healing of Post-Operative Mastoid Cavity: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Damodharan Niveditha , Verma Roshan Kumar , Angrup Archana , Bakshi Jaimanti , Panda Naresh K
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives This study investigates the role of manuka honey in the healing of postoperative mastoid cavity.Subjects and Method This was a single centre prospective study on 40 consecutive patients of chronic otitis media undergoing canal wall down mastoidectomy. Manuka honey soaked in gel foam was kept in the mastoid cavity for the study group and antibiotic soaked gel foam was kept for the control group. Culture swabs from mastoid granulations were sent at various times from both groups. The healing of the mastoid cavity was assessed in the follow up period.Results Preoperatively 15 out of 20 patients (75%) had a positive aural swab culture in the study group while 11 out of 20 (55%) in the control group had a positive aural swab culture. The most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. One month after mastoidectomy only 4 patients (20%) had sterile culture and 16 patients (80%) had grown organisms; in the control group, 7 patients (35%) had sterile culture and 13 patients (65%) had growth on culture. The mean merchant scores for the study group and the control were 2.61 (2-5) and 2.05 (1-4), respectively. At 3 months 13 patients (65%) with sterile culture and 7 patients (35%) had growth on culture; in the control group, 16 patients (80%) had sterile culture and 4 had shown persistent growth on culture (p=0.28). All positive cultures were aerobic in both groups. The mean merchant scores for the study group and the control were 1.03 (0-4) and 0.7 (0-3), respectively (p=0.09).Conclusion Healing of mastoid cavity was almost similar in both groups (p>0.05). Manuka honey exhibited antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus.
HUKUK DEVLETİ İDEALİNE FELSEFİ BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: AKTAŞ Sururi
Published: February 2020

Bu makalede
hukuk devletinin kavramsal çözümlemesi yapılarak söz konusu kavramın içeriğini
oluşturan bileşenlerin neler olduğu, çeşitli hukuk devleti idealleri açısından
ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca hukuk devletini besleyen ilke ve
kuralların niteliği tartışılarak Hart’ın birincil kurallar-ikincil kurallar
ayrımı açısından analiz edilmiştir. Hukuk devleti kavramının genel görünümleri
olan biçimsel (prosedürel) hukuk devleti ve maddi hukuk devleti ayrımı yapılarak
bu ayrımların hangi temel hukuk teorilerine denk düştüğü irdelenmiştir. Diğer
yandan, ne tür bir hukuk devleti kavramının, bu idealden beklenen amacı
gerçekleştireceği de tartışılmıştır. Hukuk devletinin biçimsel (prosedürel) ve
kurumsal gereklerinin tek başına yetersizliği vurgulanarak bunlara hukuk
devletinin maddi gereklerinin de eklenmesi zorunluluğu anlatılmaya
çalışılmıştır. Hukuk devletinin kurumsal gerekleri genel olarak “biçimsel hukuk
devleti” kategorisi içerisinde görülse de, çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde kurumsal gerekler
ayrı bir kategoride değerlendirilerek, biçimsel, kurumsal ve maddi unsurları
taşıyan bir hukuk devleti kavramı önerisinde bulunulmuştur.
Long-term stocking practices threaten the original genetic diversity of the southernmost European populations of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar
Authors: Almodóvar A , Leal S , Nicola GG , Hórreo JL , García-Vázquez E , Elvira B
Published: February 2020

Many Atlantic salmonSalmo salarpopulations in Europe are threatened by previous stocking with foreign hatchery strains. Temporal patterns of genetic characteristics of salmon from northern Spain, the southernmost European populations, were compared before and after species decline and heavy stocking with specimens from northern Europe. Eleven microsatellite loci were analysed in archival (scales from 1958-1960) and contemporary (2007-2008) samples from the River Sella. Temporal analyses revealed a similar heterozygosity between archival and contemporary samples, despite a drastic decrease in population abundance, while the contemporary sample showed a higher allelic richness due to the occurrence of foreign alleles. Considering only the alleles with at least 4% frequency in the archival sample, 2 alleles exclusive to the River Sella were absent in the contemporary sample, and 14 alleles showed a decrease of at least 4% frequency. Four alleles common in Scotland showed a high occurrence in the contemporary sample, so they are good candidates as markers of introgression of foreign genes. The heavy stocking with non-native Scottish broodstocks between 1970 and 1990 caused the introgression found in the contemporary sample when compared with the pristine population. An abrupt decrease was evident when the estimates of effective number of breeders were adjusted to take into account overlapping generations (NbAdj), effective population size (NeAdj) estimated fromNbAdj, and number of breeders estimated using the sibship assignment method (NbSIB). The very low effective size values found in the contemporary sample, together with the detrimental synergy between genetic drift and high rates of introgression, represent a severe risk for the conservation of native salmon.