bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anmeldelser 2014
Authors: Arkæologisk Selskab Jysk
Published: February 2022

Søren H. Andersen: Tybrind Vig. Submerged Mesolithic settlements in Denmark(T. Douglas Price)

Klaus Brandt (red.): Hollingstedt an der Trene. Ein Flusshafen der Wikingerzeit und des Mittelalters für den Transitverkehr zwischen Nord- und Ostsee(Hans Skov)

Lisbeth Bredholt Christensen, Olav Hammer & David Warburton (red.): The Handbook of Religions in Ancient Europe(Morten Warmind)

Andres S. Dobat: Kongens Borge. Rapport over undersøgelserne 7‑0(Silke Eisenschmidt)

Oliver Grimm & Ulrich Schmölcke (red.): Hunting in Northern Europe until 0 AD. Old traditions and regional ­developments, continental sources and continental influences(Mads Dengsø Jessen)

Beverley Hirschel, Babette Ludowici & Philipp Sulzer (red.): Individual and Individuality? Approaches towards an Archaeology of Personhood in the First Millenium AD(Rasmus Birch Iversen)

Mette Høj (red.): Jacob Kornerup – maler, arkæolog og konservator(Hans Krongaard Kristensen)  

Connie Jantzen: Middelalderbyen Aarhus(Hans Krongaard Kristensen)  

Albrecht Jockenhövel (Hrsg.): Mittelalterliche Eisengewinnung im Märkischen Sauerland. Archäometallurgische Untersuchungen zu den Anfängen der Hochofentech‌nologie in Europa(Henriette Lyngstrøm)  

Niels Johannsen, Mads D. Jessen & Helle Juel Jensen (red.): Excavating the Mind: Cross-sections through Culture, Cognition and Materiality(Mette Løvschal)  

Axel Degn Johansson: Et liv med flint. En amatørarkæologs erindringer(Sven Thorsen)

Hauke Jöns, Peter Schmid, Matthias D. Schön & Wolf Haio Zimmermann (red.): Herrenhöfe und die Hierarchie der Macht im Raum südlich und östlich der Nordsee von der Vorrömischen Eisenzeit bis zum frühen Mittelalter und zur Wikingerzeit(Andres S. Dobat)  

Maria Herlin Karnell (red.): Gotlands Bildstenar. Järnålderns gåtfulla budbärare(Christian Adamsen)  

Hans Krongaard Kristensen: Klostre i det middelalderlige Danmark(Martin W. Jürgensen)  

Hans Krongaard Kristensen: Børglum Domkirke og Kloster i middelalderen(Jes Wienberg)  

Nina Lau: Pilgramsdorf / Pielgrzymowo. Ein Fundplatz der römischen Kaiserzeit in Nordmasowien(Xenia Pauli Jensen)

Lene Heidemann Lutz & Anne Birgitte Sørensen (red.): Med graveske gennem Sønderjylland. Arkæologi på naturgas- og motorvejstracé(Lars Krants)

Lisbeth Pedersen (red.): Menneskers veje – kulturhistoriske essays i -året for Kalundborg Museum(Jesper Laursen)

Kerstin Schierhold: Studien zur hessisch-westfälischen Megalithik. Forschungsstand und -perspektiven im europäischen Kontext(Anne Birgitte Gebauer)

Mara-Julia Weber: From tech‌nology to tradition. Re-evaluating the Hamburgian-Magdalenian relationship(Felix Riede & Ditte Skov Jensen)

Leslie Webster: The Franks Casket(Else Roesdahl)

Joakim Wehlin: Östersjöns skeppssättningar. Monument och mötesplatser under yngre bronsålder(Lise Frost)
La responsabilidad del socio de una sección cooperativa: imputación de pérdidas y deuda bancaria
Authors: Palau Ramírez Felipe
Published: February 2022

En el presente artículo se abordan cuestiones complejas y tan importantes como la responsabilidad de los socios por las deudas sociales y la imputación de las pérdidas. El sistema de responsabilidad en las sociedades es uno de los principios configuradores de su régimen jurídico, siendo fundamental la distinción entre la responsabilidad externa o frente a terceros de la sociedad y de los socios, de una parte, y de otra, la responsabilidad interna de los socios con la sociedad. La imputación de pérdidas y de deuda bancaria a los socios de una sección debe resolverse de conformidad con la ley de cooperativas estatal o autonómica aplicable y los estatutos de la sociedad cooperativa correspondiente. El principio de responsabilidad limitada de los socios por las deudas sociales no se aplica en sede de imputación de pérdidas y, por consiguiente, no puede impedirse que los socios soporten las pérdidas de la cooperativa de forma personal e ilimitada, de forma proporcional a su participación en la actividad cooperativizada. Del mismo modo, los socios de una sección deben responder frente a la cooperativa por las pérdidas y la deuda derivada de la actividad diferenciada de la sección.
Los beneficios fiscales como herramienta para la promoción de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible: el caso de las fundaciones ibéricas
Authors: Fialho Ana , Soto Moya María del Mar , Sedeño López José Francisco , Anjos Azevedo Patricia
Published: February 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar la existencia y, en su caso, la oportunidad de incorporar a los sistemas tributarios de España y Portugal, medidas incentivadoras del compromiso de las fundaciones al logro de los Objetivos para el Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Se procederá a examinar los sistemas tributarios de estos dos países para identificar los beneficios que existen en cada uno de ellos y su relación con el fomento de los ODS. Para lograr estos retos, se comienza con un encuadramiento teórico sobre la importancia del derecho como instrumento de transformación social, así como de las políticas y de los incentivos fiscales para el desarrollo sostenible. Después de identificar los beneficios fiscales en vigor, se hace una comparación entre las dos realidades y se presenta la relación entre los beneficios y los ODS, buscando, por medio de la comparación, evidenciar las oportunidades para la creación de medidas fiscales más sostenibles en dichos Estados.
Armonizar los derechos cooperativos. ¡Realidad! ¿Necesidad? ¡Trampa!
Authors: Henry Hagen
Published: February 2022

Después de haber advertido al lector de la ambigüedad y de la amplitud de la noción de “armonización”, el artículo aborda dos temas: las armonizaciones regionales de leyes de cooperativas y la cuestión si hay una obligación jurídica de armonizar los derechos cooperativos. El artículo agrupa las armonizaciones regionales en categorías con sus diferentes efectos y concluye en la importancia de que esas leyes uniformes se refieren de una u otra manera a los principios cooperativos de la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional, reconocidos universalmente, incluso a través de su integración en la Recomendación sobre la promoción de las cooperativas (No. 193) de la Organización internacional de trabajo en 2002 (R. 193 de la OIT). En cuanto a la cuestión si hay una obligación jurídica de armonizar los derechos cooperativos, el artículo argumenta que sí, la hay; la establece el Párrafo 10 de la R. 193 de la OIT. Al estipular que “los Estados Miembros deberían adoptar una legislación y una reglamentación específicas en materia de cooperativas, inspiradas en los valores y principios cooperativos…” el Párrafo 10 parece contradecir el Párrafo 18 que estipula que “La cooperación internacional debería ser facilitada mediante... el desarrollo a nivel internacional y regional de... leyes comunes.” El artículo resuelve esa aparente contradicción en favor del Párrafo 10 porque la traducción de los principios cooperativos en reglas y prácticas jurídicas permite diversidad, lo que “leyes comunes” no hacen, y porque la diversidad es fuente del desarrollo sostenible. El artículo concluye al discutir algunos problemas de esa traducción.
El metaverso y otras disrupciones publicitarias
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Montaña Blasco Mireia
Published: February 2022

Lo sector publicitario está experimentando una de las transformaciones más grandes de toda su historia. El auge de la publicidad digital, todavía más acentuado por la pandemia, ha supuesto la incorporación de nuevos perfiles profesionales en las agencias de comunicación.
Physiological TLR4 regulation in human fetal membranes as an explicative mechanism of a pathological preterm case
Authors: Belville Corinne , Ponelle-Chachuat Flora , Rouzaire Marion , Gross Christelle , Pereira Bruno , Gallot Denis , Sapin Vincent , Blanchon Loïc
Published: February 2022

The integrity of human fetal membranes is crucial for harmonious fetal development throughout pregnancy. Their premature rupture is often the consequence of a physiological phenomenon that has been exacerbated. Beyond all the implied biological processes, inflammation is of primary importance and is qualified as ‘sterile’ at the end of pregnancy. In this study, complementary methylomic and transcriptomic strategies on amnion and choriodecidua explants obtained from the altered (cervix zone) and intact fetal membranes at term and before labour were used. By cross-analysing genome-wide studies strengthened by in vitro experiments, we deciphered how the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), an actor in pathological fetal membrane rupture, is controlled. Indeed, it is differentially regulated in the altered zone and between both layers by a dual mechanism: (1) the methylation of TLR4 and miRNA promoters and (2) targeting by miRNA (let-7a-2 and miR-125b-1) acting on the 3’-UTR of TLR4. Consequently, this study demonstrates that fine regulation of TLR4 is required for sterile inflammation establishment at the end of pregnancy and that it may be dysregulated in the pathological premature rupture of membranes.
α-/γ-Taxilin are required for centriolar subdistal appendage assembly and microtubule organization
Authors: Ma Dandan , Wang Fulin , Wang Rongyi , Hu Yingchun , Chen Zhiquan , Huang Ning , Tian Yonglu , Xia Yuqing , Teng Junlin , Chen Jianguo
Published: February 2022

The centrosome composed of a pair of centrioles (mother and daughter) and pericentriolar material, and is mainly responsible for microtubule nucleation and anchorage in animal cells. The subdistal appendage (SDA) is a centriolar structure located at the mother centriole’s subdistal region, and it functions in microtubule anchorage. However, the molecular composition and detailed structure of the SDA remain largely unknown. Here, we identified α-taxilin and γ-taxilin as new SDA components that form a complex via their coiled-coil domains and that serve as a new subgroup during SDA hierarchical assembly. The taxilins’ SDA localization is dependent on ODF2, and α-taxilin recruits CEP170 to the SDA. Functional analyses suggest that α- and γ-taxilin are responsible for SDA structural integrity and centrosomal microtubule anchorage during interphase and for proper spindle orientation during metaphase. Our results shed light on the molecular components and functional understanding of the SDA hierarchical assembly and microtubule organization.
Plant SYP12 syntaxins mediate an evolutionarily conserved general immunity to filamentous pathogens
Authors: Rubiato Hector M , Liu Mengqi , O'Connell Richard J , Nielsen Mads E
Published: February 2022

Filamentous fungal and oomycete plant pathogens that invade by direct penetration through the leaf epidermal cell wall cause devastating plant diseases. Plant preinvasive immunity toward nonadapted filamentous pathogens is highly effective and durable. Pre- and postinvasive immunity correlates with the formation of evolutionarily conserved and cell-autonomous cell wall structures, named papillae and encasements, respectively. Yet, it is still unresolved how papillae/encasements are formed and whether these defense structures prevent pathogen ingress. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis the two closely related members of the SYP12 clade of syntaxins (PEN1 and SYP122) are indispensable for the formation of papillae and encasements. Moreover, loss-of-function mutants were hampered in preinvasive immunity toward a range of phylogenetically distant nonadapted filamentous pathogens, underlining the versatility and efficacy of this defense. Complementation studies using SYP12s from the early diverging land plant, Marchantia polymorpha, showed that the SYP12 clade immunity function has survived 470 million years of independent evolution. These results suggest that ancestral land plants evolved the SYP12 clade to provide a broad and durable preinvasive immunity to facilitate their life on land and pave the way to a better understanding of how adapted pathogens overcome this ubiquitous plant defense strategy.
The transcriptional corepressor CTBP-1 acts with the SOX family transcription factor EGL-13 to maintain AIA interneuron cell identity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Saul Josh , Hirose Takashi , Horvitz H Robert
Published: February 2022

Cell identity is characterized by a distinct combination of gene expression, cell morphology, and cellular function established as progenitor cells divide and differentiate. Following establishment, cell identities can be unstable and require active and continuous maintenance throughout the remaining life of a cell. Mechanisms underlying the maintenance of cell identities are incompletely understood. Here, we show that the gene ctbp-1, which encodes the transcriptional corepressor C-terminal binding protein-1 (CTBP-1), is essential for the maintenance of the identities of the two AIA interneurons in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ctbp-1 is not required for the establishment of the AIA cell fate but rather functions cell-autonomously and can act in later larval stage and adult worms to maintain proper AIA gene expression, morphology and function. From a screen for suppressors of the ctbp-1 mutant phenotype, we identified the gene egl-13, which encodes a SOX family transcription factor. We found that egl-13 regulates AIA function and aspects of AIA gene expression, but not AIA morphology. We conclude that the CTBP-1 protein maintains AIA cell identity in part by utilizing EGL-13 to repress transcriptional activity in the AIAs. More generally, we propose that transcriptional corepressors like CTBP-1 might be critical factors in the maintenance of cell identities, harnessing the DNA-binding specificity of transcription factors like EGL-13 to selectively regulate gene expression in a cell-specific manner.
Cytokinin and gibberellic acid-mediated waterlogging tolerance of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
Authors: Islam M. Rafiqul , Rahman Md. Mezanur , Mohi-Ud-Din Mohammed , Akter Munny , Zaman Erin , Keya Sanjida Sultana , Hasan Mehfuz , Hasanuzzaman Mirza
Published: February 2022

Background

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is one of the most important pulse crops, well-known for its protein-rich seeds. Growth and productivity are severely undermined by waterlogging.

Methods

In this study, we aim to evaluate how two promising phytohormones, namely cytokinin (CK) and gibberellic acid (GA3), can improve waterlogging tolerance in mungbean by investigating key morphological, physiological, biochemical, and yield-related attributes.

Results

Our results showed that foliar application of CK and GA3 under 5-day of waterlogged conditions improved mungbean growth and biomass, which was associated with increased levels of photosynthetic rate and pigments. Waterlogged-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the consequently elevated levels of malondialdehyde were considerably reduced by CK and GA3 treatments. Mungbean plants sprayed with either CK or GA3 suffered less oxidative stress due to the enhancement of total phenolics and flavonoids levels. Improvement in the contents of proline and total soluble sugars indicated a better osmotic adjustment following CK and GA3 treatments in waterlogged‐exposed plants. Most fundamentally, CK or GA3-sprayed waterlogged-stressed mungbean plants demonstrated better performance in the aforementioned parameters after the 15-day recovery period as compared to water-sprayed waterlogged-exposed plants. Our results also revealed that CK and GA3 treatments increased yield-associated features in the waterlogged-stressed plant. Here, both phytohormones are efficient in improving mungbean resistance to waterlogging. However, CK was found to be more effective. Overall, our findings suggested that CK or GA3 could be used for managing waterlogging-induced damage to mungbean and perhaps in other cash crops.
Kinetic Study of Styrene Oxidation over Titania Catalyst Supported on Sulfonated Fish Bone-derived Carbon
Authors: Kusumawardani Ratna , Nurhadi Mukhamad , Wirawan Teguh , Prasetyo Anton , Agusti Nabila Nur , Lai Sin Yuan , Nur Hadi
Published: February 2022

The kinetic evaluation of titania supported sulfonated fish bone-derived carbon (TiO2/SFBC) as a catalyst in styrene oxidation by aqueous hydrogen peroxide was carried out. The catalysts were prepared by carbonation of fishbone powder at varying temperatures 500, 600 and 700 °C, respectively for 2 h, followed by sulfonation with sulfuric acid (1M) for 24 h and impregnated by varied titania concentration 500, 1000 and 1500 µmol. The physical properties of catalysts were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) and the nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The catalytic activity result showed that TiO2/SFBC can be used as a potential catalyst in styrene oxidation. Worth noting that the sulfonation process has not only transformed the TiO2/FBC particulates (without sulfonation) to cuboid-shaped TiO2/SFBC (with sulfonation) but also contributed to the high selectivity of benzaldehyde. On the other hand, carbonization at different temperatures has an indistinct effect on catalytic performance due to their similar surface areas. The styrene conversion rate responded positively with the increasing amount of titania in the functionalized composites. The styrene oxidation by aqueous H2O2 unraveled the first-order reaction with the activation energy of ⁓63.5 kJ. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Unique population dynamics of Japanese field vole: Winter breeding and summer population decline
Authors: Murano Chie , Iijima Hayato , Azuma Nobuyuki
Published: February 2022

It is common knowledge that winter temperatures influence the life history of small mammals. Cold temperatures necessitate increased energy requirements for survival, and recent studies indicate that snow cover can have both negative and positive influences. With each new observation, we develop a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that influence small mammal populations. Here we report on our recent study on Japanese field vole Microtus montebelli, which reaches its peak in population during the early spring and its low during the autumn. To understand the population dynamics of these voles, we conducted a capture‐mark‐recapture survey, then estimated the seasonal abundance, recruit, capture probabilities, and survival probabilities using the Bayesian hierarchical model. We also analyzed the impact of mammalian generalist predator visits on the survival probabilities. Our data indicates that the early spring peak in population is due to intensive winter breeding and the highest survival probabilities during the periods of deep snow cover. When snow cover reaches a certain depth, the circumstances can combine to raise survival probability and favor breeding. During the breeding season in May and June, on the contrary, the survival probability reached its lowest, resulting in a decrease in population despite breeding. The low survival probability between spring and autumn could be attributed to the impact of generalist predators, and low vegetation may have amplified the effect. In summary, the deep snow cover and generalist predators were considered to be the key factors shaping this unique population dynamics in this orchard area.
Ultra‐Compliant Indwelling Elastomer Balloons Improve Stability and Performance of Bioengineered Human Mini‐Hearts
Authors: Roberts Erin G. , Mak Suet Yee , Wong Andy On-Tik , Tran David D. , Lee Eugene K. , Kurokawa Yosuke K. , Jennbacken Karin , Wang Qing‐Dong , Lieu Deborah K. , Hajjar Roger J. , Costa Kevin D. , Li Ronald A.
Published: February 2022

Animal models used by the pharmaceutical industry to define drug safety and efficacy are expensive, resource‐intensive, subject to interspecies differences, and often fail to predict human responses. Therefore, engineered human tissue preparations are gaining importance as in vitro models to address translation from preclinical data to clinical outcome. Methods that improve fabrication consistency, usability, and physiological relevance of tissues are crucial. For cardiac applications, the goal is to form a miniature 3D chamber that mimics the physiology and biomechanical properties of the ventricle, allowing the measurement of clinically relevant endpoints, such as pressure–volume relationships, which cannot be obtained with simpler constructs. Despite advances in biofabrication, a perfusable mini‐ventricle with a competent endocardium remains an unmet challenge, resulting in thin‐walled organoids that are fluid permeable. A novel method is developed and validated for improving the stability and performance of the herein described human mini‐heart model by creating an ultra‐compliant elastomer balloon for hollow‐organ engineering applications. Balloon properties, tissue formation, and biological data are examined. Findings demonstrate a thin permanent lining, which is retained during testing and permits tissue contraction, functions to eliminate leakage, increase uniformity, and enable multiday longitudinal measurements. Biological data presented herein show reduced variability across measured cardiac parameters when compared to our previously published fabrication method.
A New Approach for Sintering Simulation of Irregularly Shaped Powder Particles—Part I: Model Development and Case Studies
Authors: Weiner Max , Schmidtchen Matthias , Prahl Ulrich
Published: February 2022

Within the FOR3010 Refrabund project, a new type of composite refractory consisting of alumina and refractory metals such as tantalum and niobium is developed. This material is characterized by its ability to conduct electricity, which offers new opportunities for functional parts in high‐temperature environments. To support the development of material properties and production technology, a new simulation approach is needed, which is able to describe irregularly shaped particles of at least two different phases. Current simulations of sintering processes work often with heavily idealized powder geometries. As sintering is mainly driven by gradients of chemical potential due to surface curvatures, a realistic description of the particle geometry is essential for achieving precise simulation results. Herein, a new approach of modeling the sintering behavior of irregularly shaped powder particles by the use of a finite differences approach is developed. A discrete description of irregular powder particles is introduced, and the diffusional flows at their surfaces and sintering necks as well as their development in time are calculated. The new model is compared with an older model using spherical particle geometries from literature. Comparison with experimental results follows in a subsequent publication.
Early Material Damage in Equimolar CrMnFeCoNi in Mixed Oxidizing/Sulfiding Hot Gas Atmosphere
Authors: Manzoni Anna Maria , Mohring Wencke , Hesse René , Agudo Jácome Leonardo , Stephan-Scherb Christiane
Published: February 2022

The challenges to use more varied fuels at medium and high temperatures above 500 °C need to be addressed by tuning the materials toward a better resistance against increased corrosion. As a first step the corrosion processes need to be better understood, especially in the case of the unavoidable and highly corrosive sulfur‐based gases. Herein, oxidation/sulfidation of an equimolar CrMnFeCoNi high‐entropy alloy is studied at an early stage after hot gas exposure at 600 °C for 6 h in 0.5% SO2 and 99.5% Ar. The oxidation process is studied by means of X‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and supported by thermodynamic calculations. It is found that the sulfur does not enter the bulk material but interacts mainly with the fast‐diffusing manganese at grain boundary triple junctions at the alloy surface. Submicrometer scaled Cr–S–O‐rich phases close to the grain boundaries complete the sulfur‐based phase formation. The grains are covered in different Fe‐, Mn‐, and Cr‐based spinels and other oxides.
Hierarchical Ion/Electron Networks Enable Efficient Red Phosphorus Anode with High Mass Loading for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Zixuan , Pei Zhibin , Liu Bo , Sun Da , Fang Yanyan , Lei Xin , Liu Xinmiao , Niu Shuwen , Pan Hongge , Zhou Jianbin , Qian Yitai , Wang Gongming
Published: February 2022

Red phosphorus (RP), with high theoretical specific capacity and low working potential, has been regarded as one of the most promising anodes for high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the unsatisfactory performance of RP anodes especially under high mass loading conditions severely limited the development for practical applications, due to its large volume variations during cycling processes, and the poor electronic and ionic conductivity. Here, a hierarchical WDC/CNTs@RP electrode with high mass loadings of RP (up to 14.1 mg cm−2) and superior conductivity is rationally designed for both ions and electrons. Such unique hierarchical structures enable an unprecedented rate performance (1.63 mAh cm−2 under 106.6 mA cm−2), long cycling life, and a decent gravimetric capacity of 468.88 mA h g−1 based on the whole electrode and inactive components. This work presents an essential step toward practical applications of RP anode materials for SIBs batteries.
Bioactive Poly(octanediol‐citrate‐polyglycol) Accelerates Skin Regeneration through M2 Polarization Immunomodulating and Early Angiogenesis
Authors: Xie Chenxi , Luo Meng , Chen Mi , Wang Min , Qu Xiaoyan , Lei Bo
Published: February 2022

The inhibition of inflammation and the promotion of early angiogenesis are paid much attention in skin tissue engineering. Citric acid‐based biomaterials are widely used in tissue engineering due to their bioactive structure and biocompatibility, but there are few studies on investigating their role and mechanism in wound repair and skin regeneration. Herein, the potential anti‐inflammation mechanism of poly(octanediol‐citrate‐polyglycol) (POCG) copolymer is reported in regulating skin wound repair. It is found that POCG can modulate macrophages phenotype through downregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis facor‐α (Tnf‐α), Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and polarizing macrophages to anti‐inflammatory (M2) phenotype. POCG can promote endothelial cell vascularization by increasing the expression of angiogenesis factors (vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) and cluster of differentiation 31CD31) mediated by the macrophage polarization. The in vivo study shows that POCG can accelerate skin wound repair through suppressing the acute inflammation and inducing early angiogenesis through the polarization modulation. Furthermore, the POCG polymer has good biocompatibility for both immune cells and tissue cells. This study may provide the important theoretical support on the bioactivity of citrate‐based biomaterials and expanding their applications in tissue engineering.
Additive Manufacturing Approaches toward the Fabrication of Biomaterials
Authors: Müller Florence J. , Fenton Owen S.
Published: February 2022

The fabrication of biomaterials represents one methodology toward the creation of next generation therapies including organ and tissue replacements, drug delivery systems, and advanced pharmaceutical constructs. Overcoming challenges associated with their customization and personalization remains an area of active research. In this review, advances in the additive manufacture of biomaterials are highlighted. Specifically, topics including construct modeling, bioink selection, deposition strategy selection, and printed construct characterization are discussed. In exploring these areas, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the biomaterials additive manufacturing process while also highlighting its application toward the betterment of human health.
Novel Method of Measuring the Thickness of Nanoscale Films Using Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy Line Scan Profiles
Authors: Kang Min‐Chul , Oh Jin‐Su , Song Kyeong‐Youn , Lee Hoo‐Jeong , Baik Hionsuck , Yang Cheol‐Woong
Published: February 2022

The cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging method is widely used to determine the nanoscale thickness of thin films. However, thin films to be analyzed within TEM samples often have a curved or distorted shape, or poor alignment with the electron beam direction, which can easily overestimate the thickness due to TEM projection artifacts. This study develops a novel method to measure the thickness of thin films using a TEM energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) line scan. This method is based on the constant integration of the quantitative line scan profile regardless of geometric configuration, making it possible to overcome the projection problem. The proposed method is experimentally validated with a Si/Ti/Si stacked sample. The EDS line scan is performed at various tilt angles at the same location, and it is confirmed that the integration of each quantification profile has the same value, thus providing a consistent thickness value. This method is effective in measuring the thickness of the thin film more accurately and reliably regardless of the inclination angle of the thin film.
Highly Crosslinked Conductive Polymer Nanofibrous Films for High‐Rate Solid‐State Supercapacitors and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Lai Haoran , Bai Congrui , Wang Yaqin , Fan Zhaoyang , Yuan Ye , Jiao Huan
Published: February 2022

With their low cost and unique physicochemical properties, conductive polymer‐ based film electrodes drew much attention in flexible electronic devices. However, their poor intrinsic conductivities limit their applications in high‐rate supercapacitors or high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. It is meaningful to deal with the issue through the rational design of the film nanostructure. Herein, using specially treated PEDOT:PSS coated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous films (PPNFs) as a current collector, polyaniline (PANI) or polypyrrole (PPy) based highly crosslinked conductive nanofibrous films (HCC‐NFs), named as PANI@PPNF and PPy@PPNF, are fabricated. The PANI@PPNF electrodes exhibit a specific capacitance of 156 mF cm–2 at a current density of 1 mA cm–2. Meanwhile, 41% capacity (64 mF cm–2) remained even at 20 mA cm–2. The remarkable rate performance of PANI@PPNFs demonstrates the HCC‐NF structure brings a high‐rate character for pseudocapacitive material. Furthermore, the solid‐state supercapacitor shows long‐term cycle stability at a high scan rate of 1 V s–1 for 5 000 cycles and over 75% of the specific capacitance is retained, suggesting excellent cycle stability of PANI@PPNF. Besides, PANI or PPy based HCC‐NFs show high performance in EMI shielding. This conductive polymer‐based HCC‐NF structure offers a promising platform for designing multi‐functional flexible electronic devices.
A Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Cellulose‐Reinforced MXene Composite Film
Authors: Yang Wei , Chen Huamin , Wu Mingqiang , Sun Zhaoyang , Gao Min , Li Wenjie , Li Chenyu , Yu Hualiang , Zhang Cheng , Xu Yun , Wang Jun
Published: February 2022

A flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an indispensable part in future flexible self‐powered system. However, it is still a great challenge to establish a balance among the robust mechanical property, strong triboelectrification effect, and high conductivity of electrode materials. A flexible and enhanced‐performance TENG based on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)/transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXene) composite films is developed here for harvesting human movement energy. By introducing CNFs, the mechanical strength, flexibility of the composite film, and sensitive to the temperature change and strain are improved. The effect of CNFs concentration, working force, and frequency on the output performance of TENG is also demonstrated. At the optimized CNFs/MXene ratio of 2/5, the transferred charges and output voltage reach the maximum value of 7.4 nC and 24.9 V, respectively. The maximum instantaneous output power density of the as‐prepared TENG is 1.2 mW m−2. Moreover, a self‐powered flexible display system is demonstrated by integrating the TENG with a flexible alternating current electroluminescence. The flexible TENG based on cellulose nanofibrils‐reinforced MXene composite film is promising as a flexible energy source for self‐powered system.
Role of Pd in the Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene Using CuPd Electrodes
Authors: Carvajal David , Arcas Ramón , Mesa Camilo A. , Giménez Sixto , Fabregat‐Santiago Francisco , Mas‐Marzá Elena
Published: February 2022

Interest in the electrochemical reduction of organic compounds as an alternative to hydrogen electrosynthesis is driven, among other reasons, by the fact that the products obtained in this process may have more economic value than H2. Furthermore, the technique, coupled with renewable sources of electricity, may open the door for large volume green chemical synthesis. In the present article, the electrochemical reduction and hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline at neutral pH is focused upon, using copper electrodes with and without palladium decoration. Both electrodes present good activity, with a decrease in the overpotential for nitrobenzene reduction and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction when Pd is deposited in the surface of the Cu electrode. It is observed that the rate and selectivity of nitrobenzene reduction to aniline improves at high concentrations, obtaining yields close to 70% for 30 × 10−3 m initial concentrations of nitrobenzene when using Pd decorated Cu electrodes. Impedance spectroscopy analysis reveals that the role of Pd in the decorated electrodes is to enhance the production of H* radicals, necessary for the nitrobenzene reduction process. This explains the increase in the selectivity toward aniline production by the incorporation of small amounts of Pd in the surface of the Cu electrode.
Ultrastable Interfacial Contacts Enabling Unimpeded Charge Transfer and Ion Diffusion in Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Ying , Wang Zhenxing , Wen Lei , Pei Songfeng , Chen Ke , Li Hucheng , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Li Feng
Published: February 2022

Deteriorating interfacial contact under mechanical deformation induces large cracks and high charge transfer resistance, resulting in a severe capacity fading of flexible lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, an oxygen plasma treatment on a polymer separator combined with high‐speed centrifugal spraying to construct ultrastable interfacial contacts is reported. With the treatment, abundant hydrophilic oxygen‐containing functional groups are produced and ensure strong chemical adhesion between the separator and the active materials. With single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) sprayed onto the active materials, a dense thin film is formed as the current collector. Meanwhile, the centrifugal force caused by high‐speed rotation together with van der Waals forces under fast evaporation produces a much closer interface between the current collector and the active materials. As a result of this ultrastable interfacial interaction, the integrated electrode shows no structural failure after 5000 bending cycles with the charge‐transfer resistance as low as 35.8% and a Li‐ion diffusion coefficient nearly 19 times of the untreated electrode. Flexible LIBs assembled with these integrated electrodes show excellent structural and electrochemical stability, and can work steadily under various deformed states and repeated bending. This work provides a new technique toward rational design of electrode configuration for flexible LIBs.
Futures–spot price transmission in EU corn markets
Authors: Penone Carlotta , Giampietri Elisa , Trestini Samuele
Published: February 2022

Price transmission between futures and spot prices is a relevant issue, dealing with derivatives exchange for price management practices and efficient price discovery. Indeed, due to the increased market orientation of the Common Agricultural Policy, the development of new market strategies is of utmost importance for European farmers. In this context, this study examines the degree of transmission for the corn commodity between global futures price in either the Chicago Board of Trade or Euronext and the spot prices for a selection of Member States of the European Union. This study provides critical insights into the shape of the futures–spot price transmission, confirming a long‐run relationship and a cointegrating behaviour of price sets. [EconLit Citations: Q02, Q14, E3].
Experiments on floating bed rotating drums using magnetic particle tracking
Authors: Nijssen Tim M. J. , van Dijk Mark A. H. , Kuipers Hans A. M. , van der Stel Jan , Adema Allert T. , Buist Kay A.
Published: February 2022

Magnetic particle tracking (MPT) was employed to study a rotating drum filled with cork particles, using both air and water as interstitial medium. This noninvasive monitoring technique allows for the tracking of both particle translation and rotation in dry granular and liquid–solid systems. Measurements on the dry and floating bed rotating drum were compared and detailed analysis of the bed shape and velocity profiles was performed. It was found that the change of particle–wall and particle–particle interaction caused by the presence of water significantly affects the bed behavior. The decreased friction leads to slipping of the particles with respect to the wall, rendering the circulation rate largely insensitive to increased drum speed. It was also found that the liquid–particle interaction is determining for the behavior of the flowing layer. The well‐defined experiments and in‐depth characterization performed in this study provide an excellent validation case for multiphase flow models.
Spin Dynamics of Moving Bodies in Rotating Black Hole Spacetimes
Authors: Mikóczi Balázs , Keresztes Zoltán
Published: February 2022

The dynamics of spinning test bodies, moving in rotating black hole (Kerr, Bardeen‐like and Hayward‐like) spacetimes, are investigated. In Kerr spacetime, all the spherical, zoom‐whirl and unbound orbits are considered numerically. Along spherical orbits and for high spin, an amplitude modulation is found in the harmonic evolution of the spin precessional angular velocity, caused by the spin‐curvature coupling. Along the discussed zoom‐whirl and unbound orbits, the test body approaches the center so much that it passes through the ergosphere. Near and inside the ergosphere, the variation of the spin direction can be very rapid. The effects of the spin‐curvature coupling is also investigated. The initial values are chosen such a way, that the body and its spin move in the equatorial plane of the coordinate space and of the comoving frame, respectively. Hence, a clear effect of the spin‐curvature coupling is observed as the orbit and the spin vector leave the equatorial plane. Additional effects in the spin precessional angular velocity and in the evolution of the Boyer–Lindquist coordinate components of the spin vector is also considered. Finally, in case of different regular black holes, the spin‐curvature coupling influences differently the orbit and the spin evolutions.
Switchable Polymerization Organocatalysis: From Monomer Mixtures to Block Copolymers
Authors: Tang Jiadong , Li Maosheng , Wang Xianhong , Tao Youhua
Published: February 2022

One‐pot production of sequence‐controlled block copolymer from mixed monomers is a crucial but rarely reached goal. Using a switchable Lewis‐pair organocatalyst, we have accomplished sequence‐selective polymerization from a mixture ofO‐carboxyanhydride (OCA) and epoxide. Polymerization of the OCA monomer occurs first and exclusively because of its exceedingly high polymerizability. When OCA is fully consumed, alternating copolymerization of epoxide and CO2liberated in OCA polymerization is triggered from the termini of the first block. The two polymerizations thus occur in tandem, both in chemoselective fashion, so that a sequence‐controlled block polymer with up to 99 % CO2conversion is furnished in this one‐pot protocol. Calculations and experimental results demonstrate a chemoselective and cooperative mechanism, where the high polymerizability of the OCA monomers guarantees exquisite sequence selectivity and the cooperative decarboxylation partly arose from the stabilization effect by triethylborane, which facilitates the smooth transformation of the chain end from carbonate to alkoxide.
Self‐Evolution of High Mechanical Strength Dry‐Network Polythiourethane Thermosets into Neat Macroscopic Hollow Structures
Authors: Zhou Shang‐Wu , Tong Fei , Chen Meng , Gu Ruirui , Shi Chen‐Yu , Yu Cheng‐Yuan , Zhang Qi , Qu Da‐Hui
Published: February 2022

Organism‐inspired hollow structures are attracting increasing interest for the construction of various bionic functional hollow materials. Next‐generation self‐evolution hollow materials tend to combine simple synthesis, high mechanical strength, and regular shape. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel dry‐network polythiourethane thermoset with excellent mechanical performance. The polymer film could evolve into a neat and well‐organized object with a macroscopic hollow interior structure after being immersed in an aqueous NaOH solution. The self‐evolution hollow structure originated from a hydrogen‐bonded polymer network, which was later transformed into a network bearing both hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds. The swelling and thickness growth of this material could be controlled by the NaOH concentration and the immersion time. This unique self‐evolution behavior was further utilized to produce a series of macroscopic 3D hollow‐containing molds, which could be potentially applied in the production of smart materials.
Ein stark fluoreszierender zweikerniger Aluminiumkomplex mit nahezu 100 %iger Quantenausbeute**
Authors: Portwich Flavio L. , Carstensen Yves , Dasgupta Anindita , Kupfer Stephan , Wyrwa Ralf , Görls Helmar , Eggeling Christian , Dietzek Benjamin , Gräfe Stefanie , Wächtler Maria , Kretschmer Robert
Published: February 2022

Aufgrund der hohen natürlichen Häufigkeit von Aluminium sind die entsprechenden Fluorophore für verschiedene optische Anwendungen attraktiv, jedoch wurden bislang keine Photolumineszenz‐Quantenausbeuten über 0.7 für Lösungen von Aluminiumkomplexen beschrieben. In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir einen zweikernigen Aluminium(III)‐Komplex, der verbesserte Photolumineszenzeigenschaften aufweist und dessen einfache Synthese von einem gut verfügbaren Protio‐Liganden und Trimethylaluminium ausgeht. In Lösung zeigt der Komplex eine bislang nicht beschriebene Photolumineszenz‐Quantenausbeute nahe 100 % (Φabsolut 1.0±0.1), und der angeregte Zustand weist eine Lebensdauer von 2.3 ns auf. Im festen Zustand kommt es zu J‐Aggregation und aggregations‐bedingter Löschung, aber es können noch immer Quantenausbeuten von 0.6 beobachtet werden. Die Einbettung des Komplexes in elektrogesponnene Fasern führt zu einem stark fluoreszierenden Vlies mit einer Quantenausbeute von 0.9±0.04.
Encoding Enantiomeric Molecular Chiralities on Graphene Basal Planes
Authors: Meng Yongqiang , Fan Jingbiao , Wang Meihui , Gong Wenbin , Zhang Jinping , Ma Junpeng , Mi Hongyu , Huang Yan , Yang Shu , Ruoff Rodney S. , Geng Jianxin
Published: February 2022

Graphene has demonstrated broad applications due to its prominent properties. Its molecular structure makes graphene achiral. Here, we propose a direct way to prepare chiral graphene by transferring chiral structural conformation from chiral conjugated amino acids onto graphene basal plane through π–π interaction followed by thermal fusion. Using atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy, we estimated an areal coverage of the molecular imprints (chiral regions) up to 64 % on the basal plane of graphene (grown by chemical vapor deposition). The high concentration of molecular imprints in their single layer points to a close packing of the deposited amino acid molecules prior to “thermal fusion”. Such “molecular chirality‐encoded graphene” was tested as an electrode in electrochemical enantioselective recognition. The chirality‐encoded graphene might find use for other chirality‐related studies and the encoding procedure might be extended to other two‐dimensional materials.
Regulation of High Miscibility for Efficient Charge‐Transport in n‐Doped Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Li Qi‐Yi , Yao Ze‐Fan , Wu Hao‐Tian , Luo Longfei , Ding Yi‐Fan , Yang Chi‐Yuan , Wang Xin‐Yi , Shen Zhihao , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian
Published: February 2022

Strong interchain interactions of conjugated polymers usually result in poor miscibility with molecular dopants, limiting the doping efficiency because of uncontrolled phase separation. We have developed a strategy to achieve efficient charge‐transport and high doping miscibility in n‐doped conjugated polymers. We solve the miscibility issue through disorder side‐chains containing dopants better. Systemic structural characterization reveals a farther side‐chain branching point will lead to higher disorders, which provides appropriate sites to accommodate extrinsic molecular dopants without harming original chain packings and charge‐transport channels. Therefore, better sustainability of solid‐state microstructure is obtained, yielding a stable conductivity even when overloading massive dopants. This work highlights the importance of realizing high host‐dopant miscibility in molecular doping of conjugated polymers.
A Descriptor for Accurate Predictions of Host Molecules Enabling Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence in Guest Emitters
Authors: Chanmungkalakul Supphachok , Wang Chao , Miao Rong , Chi Weijie , Tan Davin , Qiao Qinglong , Ang Esther Cai Xia , Tan Choon‐Hong , Fang Yu , Xu Zhaochao , Liu Xiaogang
Published: February 2022

Although doping can induce room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in heavy‐atom free organic systems, it is often challenging to match the host and guest components to achieve efficient intersystem crossing for activating RTP. In this work, we developed a simple descriptor ΔE to predict host molecules for matching the guest RTP emitters, based on the intersystem crossing via higher excited states (ISCHES) mechanism. This descriptor successfully predicted five commercially available host components to pair with naphthalimide (NA) and naphtho[2,3‐c]furan‐1,3‐dione (2,3‐NA) emitters with a high accuracy of 83 %. The yielded pairs exhibited bright yellow and green RTP with the quantum efficiency up to 0.4 and lifetime up to 1.67 s, respectively. Using these RTP pairs, we successfully achieved multi‐layer message encryption. The ΔE descriptor could provide an efficient way for developing doping‐induced RTP materials.
Pure Boric Acid Does Not Show Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence (RTP)
Authors: Wu Zhu , Roldao Juan Carlos , Rauch Florian , Friedrich Alexandra , Ferger Matthias , Würthner Frank , Gierschner Johannes , Marder Todd B.
Published: February 2022

Boric acid (BA) has been used as a transparent glass matrix for optical materials for over 100 years. However, recently, apparent room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from BA (crystalline and powder states) was reported (Zheng et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 9500) when irradiated at 280 nm under ambient conditions. We suspected that RTP from their BA sample was induced by an unidentified impurity. Our experimental results show that pure BA synthesized from B(OMe)3 does not luminesce in the solid state when irradiated at 250–400 nm, while commercial BA indeed (faintly) luminesces. Our theoretical calculations show that neither individual BA molecules nor aggregates would absorb light at >175 nm, and we observe no absorption of solid pure BA experimentally at >200 nm. Therefore, it is not possible for pure BA to be excited at >250 nm even in the solid state. Thus, pure BA does not display RTP, whereas trace impurities can induce RTP.