bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Behaviors of Microalloyed TRIP-Assisted Annealed Martensitic Steels under Hydrogen Charging
Authors: Yang Xiongfei , Yu Hao , Song Chenghao , Li Lili
Published: December 2021

Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP)-assisted annealed martensitic (TAM) steel sheets with various microalloying additions such as niobium, vanadium, or titanium were prepared on laboratory scale and subjected to a double-quenching and austempering heat treatment cycle. Slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) was tested on the investigated TAM steels with and without hydrogen charging to reveal their tensile behaviors and hydrogen induced embrittlement effects. Microstructure observations by scanning electron microscope (SEM) are composed of a principal annealed martensitic matrix and 11.0–13.0% volume fraction of retained austenite, depending on the type of microalloying addition in the different steels. SSRT results show that these TRIP-assisted annealed martensitic steels under air media conditions combine high tensile strength (>1000 MPa) and good ductility (~25%), while under hydrogen charging condition, both tensile strength and ductility decrease where tensile strength ranges between 680 and 760 MPa, down from 1000–1100 MPa, and ductility loss ratio is between 78.8% and 91.1%, along with a total elongation of less than 5%. Hydrogen charged into steel matrix leads to the appearance of cleavage fractures, implying the occurrence of hydrogen induced embrittlement effect in TAM steels. Thermal hydrogen desorption results show that there are double-peak hydrogen desorption temperature ranges for these microalloyed steels, where the first peak corresponds to a high-density dislocation trapping effect, and the second peak corresponds to a hydrogen trapping effect exerted by microalloying precipitates. Thermal desorption analysis (TDS) in combination with SSRT results demonstrate that microalloying precipitates act as irreversible traps to fix hydrogen and, thus, retard diffusive hydrogen motion towards defects, such as grain boundaries and dislocations in microstructure matrix, and eventually reduce the hydrogen induced embrittlement tendency.
Roles of Low Temperature Sputtered Indium Tin Oxide for Solar Photovoltaic Technology
Authors: Fernández Susana , González José Pablo , Grandal Javier , Braña Alejandro F. , Gómez-Mancebo María Belén , Gandía José Javier
Published: December 2021

Different functionalities of materials based on indium tin oxide and fabricated at soft conditions were investigated with the goal of being used in a next generation of solar photovoltaic devices. These thin films were fabricated in a commercial UNIVEX 450B magnetron sputtering. The first studied functionality consisted of an effective n-type doped layer in an n-p heterojunction based on p-type crystalline silicon. At this point, the impact of the ITO film thickness (varied from 45 to 140 nm) and the substrate temperature (varied from room temperature to 250 °C) on the heterojunction parameters was evaluated separately. To avoid possible damages in the heterojunction interface, the applied ITO power was purposely set as low as 25 W; and to minimize the energy consumption, no heat treatment process was used. The second functionality consisted of indium-saving transparent conductive multicomponent materials for full spectrum applications. This was carried out by the doping of the ITO matrix with transition metals, as titanium and zinc. This action can reduce the production cost without sacrificing the optoelectronic film properties. The morphology, chemical, structural nature and optoelectronic properties were evaluated as function of the doping concentrations. The results revealed low manufactured and suitable films used successfully as conventional emitter, and near-infrared extended transparent conductive materials with superior performance that conventional ones, useful for full spectrum applications. Both can open interesting choices for cost-effective photovoltaic technologies.
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast and As-Compressed ZM6 Magnesium Alloys during the Two-Stage Aging Treatment Process
Authors: Fu Jia , Chen Su
Published: December 2021

In the present study, different solid solution and aging processes of as-cast and as-compressed ZM6 (Mg2.6Nd0.4Zn0.4Zr) alloy were designed, and the microstructure and precipitation strengthening mechanisms were discussed. After the pre-aging treatment, a large amount of G.P. zones formed in the α-Mg matrix over the course of the subsequent secondary G.P. prescription, where the fine and dispersed Mg12(Nd,Zn) phases were precipitated at the grain boundaries. The pre-aging and secondary aging processes resulted in the Mg12(Nd,Zn) phase becoming globular, preventing grain boundary sliding and decreasing grain boundary diffusion. Meanwhile, precipitation phase â″(Mg3Nd) demonstrated a coherent relationship with the α-Mg matrix after the pre-aging process, and after the secondary aging phase, Mg12Nd increases and became semi-coherent in the matrix. Compared to an as-cast ZM6 alloy, the yield strength of the as-compressed ZM6 alloy increased sharply due to an increase in the yield strength that was proportional to the particle spacing, where the dislocation bypassed the second phase particle. Compared to the single-stage aging process, the two-stage aging process greatly improved the mechanical properties of both the as-cast and as-compressed ZM6 alloys. The difference between the as-cast and as-compressed states is that an as-compressed ZM6 alloy with more dislocations and twins has more dispersed precipitates in the G.P. zones after secondary aging, meaning that it is greatly strengthened after the two-stage aging treatment process.
Design and Fabrication of Double-Layer Crossed Si Microchannel Structure
Authors: Wang Yipeng , Zhou Weijian , Ma Tieying
Published: December 2021

A four-step etching method is used to prepare the double-layer cross Si microchannel structure. In the first etching step, a <100> V-groove structure is etched on (100) silicon, and the top channel is formed after thermal oxidation with the depth of the channel and the slope of its sidewall being modulated by the etching time. The second etching step is to form a sinking substrate, and then the third step is to etch the bottom channel at 90° (<100> direction) and 45° (<110> direction) with the top channel, respectively. Hence, the bottom channel on the sink substrate is half-buried into the top channel. Undercut characteristic of 25% TMAH is used to perform the fourth step, etching through the overlapping part of the two layers of channels to form a double-layer microchannel structure. Different from the traditional single-layer microchannels, the double-layer crossed microchannels are prepared by the four-step etching method intersect in space but are not connected, which has structural advantages. Finally, when the angle between the top and bottom is 90°, the root cutting time at the intersection is up to 6 h, making the width of the bottom channel 4–5 times that of the top channel. When the angle between the top and bottom is 45°, the root cutting time at the intersection is only 4 h, and due to the corrosion along (111), the corrosion speed of the sidewall is very slow and the consistency of the width of the upper and lower channels is better than 90° after the end. Compared with the same-plane cross channel structure, the semiburied microchannel structure avoids the V-shaped path at the intersection, and the fluid can pass through the bottom channel in a straight line and cross with the top channel without overlapping, which has a structural advantage. If applied to microfluidic technology, high-efficiency delivery of two substances can be carried out independently in the same area; if applied to microchannel heat dissipation technology, the heat conduction area of the fluid can be doubled under the same heat dissipation area, thereby increasing the heat dissipation efficiency.
Oral Bacterial Microbiota in Digestive Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Reitano Elisa , de’Angelis Nicola , Gavriilidis Paschalis , Gaiani Federica , Memeo Riccardo , Inchingolo Riccardo , Bianchi Giorgio , de’Angelis Gian Luigi , Carra Maria Clotilde
Published: December 2021

The relation between the gut microbiota and human health is increasingly recognized. Recently, some evidence suggested that dysbiosis of the oral microbiota may be involved in the development of digestive cancers. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines to investigate the association between the oral microbiota and digestive cancers. Several databases including Medline, Scopus, and Embase were searched by three independent reviewers, without date restriction. Over a total of 1654 records initially identified, 28 studies (2 prospective cohort studies and 26 case-controls) were selected. They investigated oral microbiota composition in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 5), gastric cancer (n = 5), colorectal cancer (n = 9), liver carcinoma (n = 2), and pancreatic cancer (n = 7). In most of the studies, oral microbiota composition was found to be different between digestive cancer patients and controls. Particularly, oral microbiota dysbiosis and specific bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, appeared to be associated with colorectal cancers. Current evidence suggests that differences exist in oral microbiota composition between patients with and without digestive cancers. Further studies are required to investigate and validate oral–gut microbial transmission patterns and their role in digestive cancer carcinogenesis.
Investigation of Lipolytic-Secreting Bacteria from an Artificially Polluted Soil Using a Modified Culture Method and Optimization of Their Lipase Production
Authors: Pham Van Hong Thi , Kim Jaisoo , Chang Soonwoong , Chung Woojin
Published: December 2021

Compared to lipases from plants or animals, microbial lipases play a vital role in different industrial applications and biotechnological perspectives due to their high stability and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, numerous lipase producers have been investigated in a variety of environments in the presence of lipidic carbon and organic nitrogen sources. As a step in the development of cultivating the unculturable functional bacteria in this study, the forest soil collected from the surrounding plant roots was used to create an artificially contaminated environment for lipase-producing bacterial isolation. The ten strongest active bacterial strains were tested in an enzyme assay supplemented with metal ions such as Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, K+, Co2+, Mn2+, and Sn2+ to determine bacterial tolerance and the effect of these metal ions on enzyme activity. Lipolytic bacteria in this study tended to grow and achieved a high lipase activity at temperatures of 35–40 °C and at pH 6–7, reaching a peak of 480 U/mL and 420 U/mL produced by Lysinibacillus PL33 and Lysinibacillus PL35, respectively. These potential lipase-producing bacteria are excellent candidates for large-scale applications in the future.
Modeling Parental Influence on Food Consumption among Chinese Adolescents through Self-Efficacy: A Path Analysis
Authors: Fu Jialin , Liang Fang , Wang Yechuang , Qiu Nan , Ding Kai , Zeng Jing , Moore Justin Brian , Li Rui
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate the associations between perceived parental control, perceived parental modeling and parent–teen co-decision making, and fruit and vegetable (F&V) and sugar-sweetened beverage and junk food (S&J) consumption among Chinese adolescents, and examine whether self-efficacy mediates the associations. Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey of Chinese adolescents carried out in the fall of 2019. The questionnaires were adapted from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) Study. Ordinary least-squares regressions and a path analysis were performed to evaluate the hypothesized associations. The final sample included 3595 Chinese adolescents (mean (SD) age, 14.67 (1.73) years; 52.82% (n = 1899) males). Perceived parental control was positively associated with adolescents’ F&V consumption, and was negatively associated with adolescents’ S&J consumption. Perceived parental modeling and parent–teen co-decision making were both positively associated with adolescents’ F&V consumption and negatively associated with their S&J consumption. Adolescents’ self-efficacy was positively associated with F&V consumption and negatively associated with S&J consumption. These results suggest that serving as a positive role model, having adolescents participate in the decision-making process, and increasing adolescents’ self-efficacy can be feasible and efficacious strategies to improve the nutritional quality of Chinese adolescents’ diets.
New Therapeutic Approaches for Allergy: A Review of Cell Therapy and Bio- or Nano-Material-Based Strategies
Authors: Paris Juan L. , de la Torre Paz , Flores Ana I.
Published: December 2021

Allergy constitutes a major health issue due to its large prevalence. The established therapeutic approaches (allergen avoidance, antihistamines, and corticosteroids) do not address the underlying causes of the pathology, highlighting the need for other long-term treatment options. Antigen-specific immunotherapy enables the long-term control of allergic diseases by promoting immunological tolerance to the allergen. However, efficacious immunotherapies are not available for all possible allergens, and the risk of undesired reactions during therapy remains a concern, especially in patients with severe allergic reactions. In this context, two types of therapeutic strategies appear especially promising for the future in the context of allergy: cell therapy and bio- or nano-material-based therapy. In this review, the main strategies developed this far in these two types of strategies are discussed, with several examples illustrating the different approaches.
Versatile and Robust Method for Antibody Conjugation to Nanoparticles with High Targeting Efficiency
Authors: Van Zundert Indra , Bravo Maria , Deschaume Olivier , Cybulski Pierre , Bartic Carmen , Hofkens Johan , Uji-i Hiroshi , Fortuni Beatrice , Rocha Susana
Published: December 2021

The application of antibodies in nanomedicine is now standard practice in research since it represents an innovative approach to deliver chemotherapy agents selectively to tumors. The variety of targets or markers that are overexpressed in different types of cancers results in a high demand for antibody conjugated-nanoparticles, which are versatile and easily customizable. Considering up-scaling, the synthesis of antibody-conjugated nanoparticles should be simple and highly reproducible. Here, we developed a facile coating strategy to produce antibody-conjugated nanoparticles using ‘click chemistry’ and further evaluated their selectivity towards cancer cells expressing different markers. Our approach was consistently repeated for the conjugation of antibodies against CD44 and EGFR, which are prominent cancer cell markers. The functionalized particles presented excellent cell specificity towards CD44 and EGFR overexpressing cells, respectively. Our results indicated that the developed coating method is reproducible, versatile, and non-toxic, and can be used for particle functionalization with different antibodies. This grafting strategy can be applied to a wide range of nanoparticles and will contribute to the development of future targeted drug delivery systems.
Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of New Polymeric Monometallic Composites Based on Copolymers of Polypropylene Glycol Maleate Phthalate with Acrylic Acid
Authors: Burkeev M. Zh. , Shibayeva S. R. , Khamitova T. O. , Plocek Jiri , Tazhbayev Y. M. , Davrenbekov S. Zh. , Nurmaganbetova M. T. , Kazhmuratova A. T. , Zhumagalieva T. S. , Kezdikbayeva A. T.
Published: December 2021

Metal-polymer composites based on copolymers of polypropylene glycol maleate phthalate with acrylic acid and metallic nickel and silver were synthesized for the first time. The objects obtained were characterized by infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies, thermogravimetry, a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and atomic emission spectrometry. The catalytic activity of new metal-polymer composites that exhibited a rather high efficiency in the reactions of electrocatalytic hydrogenation of pyridine was studied. It is shown that nanoparticles of metals are evenly distributed in the volume of the polymer matrix; more than 80% of nanoparticles are in the range from 25 to 40 nm and have spherical and rhombic shapes. The reusability of the obtained composites is shown.
Dependence on Film Thickness of Guest-Induced c Perpendicular Orientation in PPO Films
Authors: Nagendra Baku , Vignola Emanuele , Daniel Christophe , Rizzo Paola , Guerra Gaetano
Published: December 2021

For poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)oxide (PPO) films exhibiting nanoporous-crystalline (NC) phases, c⊥ orientation (i.e., crystalline polymer chain axes being preferentially perpendicular to the film plane) is obtained by crystallization of amorphous films, as induced by sorption of suitable low-molecular-mass guest molecules. The occurrence of c⊥ orientation is relevant for applications of NC PPO films because it markedly increases film transparency as well as guest diffusivity. Surprisingly, we show that the known crystallization procedures lead to c⊥ oriented thick (50–300 μm) films and to unoriented thin (≤20 μm) films. This absence of crystalline phase orientation for thin films is rationalized by fast guest sorption kinetics, which avoid co-crystallization in confined spaces and hence inhibit formation of flat-on lamellae. For thick films exhibiting c⊥ orientation, sigmoid kinetics of guest sorption and of thickening of PPO films are observed, with inflection points associated with guest-induced film plasticization. Corresponding crystallization kinetics are linear with time and show that co-crystal growth is poorly affected by film plasticization. An additional relevant result of this study is the linear relationship between WAXD crystallinity index and DSC melting enthalpy, which allows evaluation of melting enthalpy of the NC α form of PPO (ΔHmο = 42 ± 2 J/g).
Fast-Setting Permeable Alkyd/Polyester Composites: Moulding Sands
Authors: Gutowski Wojciech (Voytek) S. , Błędzki Andrzej K.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the outcomes of extensive research targeting the development of high-performance alkyd and polyester resins used as binders in mould- and core-making permeable composite materials designated for large-size/complex-shape, heavy alloy-steel and cast-iron castings (0.5 to 50 tonnes): steam turbine casings (e.g., 18K360 condensing turbine), naval engine blocks and heavy machinery. The technology was implemented by Zamech/ALSTON Power. The key issues discussed here are: (1) control of resin crosslinking kinetics; slow or rapid strength development, (2) shelf-life control of pre-mixed composite, (3) improved thermo-mechanical stability; (4) kinetics of gaseous by-product emission. Optimised composite formulations (resins, crosslinkers and catalysts) allow for the flexible control of material properties and mould-/core fabrication, i.e.,: shelf-life: 10–120 min; mould stripping time: 10 min to 24 h; compressive strength: 4–6 MPa (with post-cure: 10–12 MPa); tensile strength: up to 3 MPa (after post-cure). The moulding sands developed achieved thermal resistance temperatures of up to 345 °C, which exceeded that of 280 °C of comparable commercial material. The onset of the thermal decomposition process was 2–3 times longer than that of furan or commercial alkyd/polyester resin. The technology developed allows for the defect-free manufacture of castings (no pinholes) and binder contents minimisation to 1.2–1.5% with quartz and 1.2% with zirconium or chromite sand.
Study on High Frequency Surface Discharge Characteristics of SiO2 Modified Polyimide Film
Authors: Xing Zhaoliang , Chen Wenhan , Li Zhihui , Xue Naifan , Li Fei , Dai Xiying , Guo Shaowei , Cui Huize
Published: December 2021

Polyimide (PI) can be used as a cladding insulation for high frequency power transformers, and along-side discharge can lead to insulation failure, so material modification techniques are used. In this paper, different doped nano-SiO2 are introduced into polyimide for nanocomposite modification. The results of testing the life time of high-frequency electrical stress along-side discharge show that the 10% SiO2 doping has the longest life time. The results show that: for composites prone to corona, their flashover causes more damage, and both positive half-cycle and polarity reversal discharges are more violent; compared to pure PI, the positive half-cycle and overall discharge amplitude and number of modified films are smaller, but the negative half-cycle is larger; at creeping development stages, the number of discharges is smaller, and the discharge amplitude of both films fluctuates in the mid-term, with the modified films having fewer discharges and the PI films discharging more violently in the later stages. The increase in the intensity of the discharge was greater in the later stages, and the amplitude and number of discharges were much higher than those of the modified film, which led to a rapid breakdown of the pure polyimide film. Further research found that resistivity plays an important role in the structural properties of the material in the middle and late stages, light energy absorption in the modified film plays an important role, the distribution of traps also affects the discharge process, and in the late stages of the discharge, the heating of the material itself has a greater impact on the breakdown, so the pure polyimide film as a whole discharges more severely and has the shortest life.
Characteristics of Overburden Failure and Fracture Evolution in Shallow Buried Working Face with Large Mining Height
Authors: Shi Xiuchang , Zhang Jixing
Published: December 2021

In order to solve the issues of uncertain overburden failure height and water loss at the Daliuta coal mine, the collapse characteristics of overburden and the development height of water-conducting fractured zone were studied by using physical modeling, FLAC 3D numerical simulation, and field observation, which were used to verify each other. In order to quantitatively analyze the distribution characteristics of fracture rate of overlying rock mass in goaf, the overburden collapse image was binarized. The results showed that: (1) the failure characteristics of overburden in goaf obtained by the three research methods were roughly consistent, and the reliability of the results was high. The overburden failure height of No. 5−2 coal with large mining height was 137.32–153 m, which was 20.8–23.2 times the mining height. (2) The repeated mining of No. 5−2 coal intensified the further failure of the disturbed rock mass in the No. 2−2 coal goaf. (3) In the horizontal direction of the goaf, the fracture rate of rock mass was distributed in the shape of “saddle”. In the longitudinal direction of the goaf, the rock mass fracture rate decreased in a logarithmic function with the increase of the height from the mining coal seam. Overall, the conclusions are of engineering significance for accurately adopting water resources protection mining technology and reducing mine water inrush disasters.
Soft Skills Integration into Business Processes Based on the Requirements of Employers—Approach for Sustainable Education
Authors: Sujová Erika , Čierna Helena , Simanová Ľubica , Gejdoš Pavol , Štefková Jaroslava
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with the issue of increasing the quality and sustainability of education at universities regarding the requirements of employers. Employers’ expectations of university graduates in terms of soft skills are analysed and outlined. The employers participating in this study answered a questionnaire survey focused on understanding university graduates’ soft skills. The collected results were subjected to the method of mathematical–statistical analysis by nonparametric testing of significance of the mean value difference. The significance of the difference for individual skills was confirmed, demonstrating that the surveyed enterprises required and anticipated a level of soft skills development on the part of recent graduates that was insufficient. This finding implies the necessity of improving university education to match the expected and real state of soft skill mastery.
Tackling the Threat of Cancer Due to Pathobionts Producing Colibactin: Is Mesalamine the Magic Bullet?
Authors: Tang-Fichaux Min , Branchu Priscilla , Nougayrède Jean-Philippe , Oswald Eric
Published: December 2021

Colibactin is a genotoxin produced primarily by Escherichia coli harboring the genomic pks island (pks+ E. coli). Pks+ E. coli cause host cell DNA damage, leading to chromosomal instability and gene mutations. The signature of colibactin-induced mutations has been described and found in human colorectal cancer (CRC) genomes. An inflamed intestinal environment drives the expansion of pks+ E. coli and promotes tumorigenesis. Mesalamine (i.e., 5-aminosalycilic acid), an effective anti-inflammatory drug, is an inhibitor of the bacterial polyphosphate kinase (PPK). This drug not only inhibits the production of intestinal inflammatory mediators and the proliferation of CRC cells, but also limits the abundance of E. coli in the gut microbiota and diminishes the production of colibactin. Here, we describe the link between intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer induced by pks+ E. coli. We discuss the potential mechanisms of the pleiotropic role of mesalamine in treating both inflammatory bowel diseases and reducing the risk of CRC due to pks+ E. coli.
The Effects of Different Carbon Sources on the Production Environment and Breeding Parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Xue Yiming , Li Li , Dong Shuanglin , Gao Qinfeng , Tian Xiangli
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the effect of different carbon sources on water quality, ammonia removal pathways, the bacterial community, and the production of Litopenaeus vannamei in outdoor culture tanks. Three systems were established: a clear water system (CW) and biofloc technology (BFT) systems with added molasses (M-BF) or poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydrovaleric acid) (PHBV) (P-BF). The average pH, total alkalinity, total organic carbon, biofloc volume, chlorophyll a, nitrite, nitrate, total nitrogen, and nitrification rate were significantly different among the treatments. Microbial composition varied and different dominant taxa were identified in the treatments by linear discriminant analysis effect size. Redundancy analysis indicated that the water quality parameters affected the distribution of the microbial community. Moreover, the genus Leucothrix was closely related to the M-BF treatment. Chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy were the most abundant functions in all treatments. A comparison of functions using BugBase indicated that the relative abundance of several functions such as biofilm formation, stress tolerance and functions related to anaerobic processes increased in the M-BF treatment. The specific growth rate, growth rate, and survival rate of shrimp were significantly higher in the P-BF system than in the CW system and the feed conversion ratio in the BFT treatments was significantly lower than that in the CW system. Overall, adding carbon sources affected water quality, microbial community, and shrimp performance. The results show that PHBV is a good alternative to carbon sources.
Water and Circular Cities
Authors: Atanasova Nataša , Langergraber Guenter
Published: December 2021

The Special Issue “Water and Circular Cities” comprises 13 paper and was prepared under the patronage of the COST Action CA17133 Circular City (Implementing nature-based solutions (NBS) for creating a resourceful circular city; https://circular-city [...]
Where Do We Stand Now? A Bibliometric Analysis of Water Research in Support of the Sustainable Development Goal 6
Authors: Basu Mrittika , Dasgupta Rajarshi
Published: December 2021

The connections between the scientific findings and SDG 6 are often not clear, which results in increasing the gap between technical developments and academic discourse, and the policy practitioners and/or implementers. The present paper explores the existing scientific research on water that directly connects to SDG 6 using a bibliometric analysis. The 637 scientific articles published between 2015–2021 (till 13 May 2021) were investigated for temporal development, scientific collaboration, existing research focus and the gaps. Interdisciplinary journals such as Science of the Total Environment and Journal of Environmental Management are found to be dominant sources along with water specific journals such as Water Research and Water (Switzerland). Open access journals make a dominant footprint and majority of author collaborations are found among authors from countries such as USA and UK while the research connections among authors from Global South are observed to be weak. Targets 6.1 (safe and affordable water), 6.3 (treatment and reuse of wastewater) and 6.5 (IWRM including through transboundary cooperation) are identified to be the highest referred to targets in scientific research in support of SDG 6. Though a significant evolution of scientific research is observed in connection to SDG 6 with increasing studies on groundwater, water governance, wastewater treatment, etc., in recent years, scientific studies connecting emerging concepts such as water security, water-energy-food nexus and ecosystem based approaches are still in an infant stage which calls for more research connecting these concepts and approaches to SDG 6 targets to attain a sustainable water environment by 2030 and beyond. This paper significantly contributes to tracking the progress in scientific research in connection to SDG 6 as well as highlights the hotspots where more collaboration between scientific communities and policy makers are required.
Remediation Efficiency of the In Situ Vitrification Method at an Unidentified-Waste and Groundwater Treatment Site
Authors: Kuo Shu-Lung , Wu Edward Ming-Yang
Published: December 2021

The subject of this study was the dust collected from an electric arc furnace at an unidentified-waste treatment site in southern Taiwan. The dust underwent an in situ vitrification (ISV) process and was tested using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), at the end of which the final product was analyzed for its stability and weather resistance. This study then examined the above results to determine whether the ISV process helps to enhance the efficiency and economic benefits of said waste-treatment site. A TCLP test conducted on the dust that had been treated with ISV revealed that concentrations of various heavy metals were not only far below those of the unprocessed sample dust but also fell below the limit stipulated in the TCLP regulation of Taiwan’s Environmental Protection Administration. The results show that after undergoing ISV treatment, heavy metals in the dust were either encapsulated or bound in silicon lattices and thus barely leached from the dust. Analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) indicate that the surface of the dust appeared more compacted after going through the ISV process. In addition, the highly contaminated dust that underwent ISV treatment saw a pronounced decrease in or elimination of wave crests. Another analysis applying X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the SiO2 crests disappeared in the processed dust, suggesting that the crystal structure was replaced with quasi-vitreous products after ISV treatment. In the event that pollutants were extant, they were usually characterized by smaller size, high stability, excellent weather resistance, an innocuous nature, and recyclability.
Analysis of the prevalence of smoking among young people taking into account socio-economic and psycho-emotional factors
Authors: Dolich Vladimir Nikolaevich , Komleva Nataliya Evgen’evna , Zaikina Inna Viktorovna , Mazilov Svyatoslav Igorevich , Rajkin Sergej Sergeevich , Yakovleva Tat’yana Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of factors contributing to the formation of adherence to smoking in young people. The study involved 300 young people, of which 154 people are students of the Saratov College of Water Transport, Construction and Service, 146 people are students of a medical university. The study of smoking prevalence was carried out using adapted questionnaires that include questions about adherence to tobacco smoking, as well as modern alternative means of smoking (electronic cigarettes), awareness of the dangers of smoking tobacco products and electronic cigarettes. Were studied the socio-economic and psychological factors that contribute to the formation of addiction. The results of the study indicate a high prevalence of smoking among young people surveyed, while more than half of all respondents who smoke prefer alternative means of smoking. It should be noted that there is a higher prevalence of alternative means of smoking among girls compared to boys. It was found that smoking electronic cigarettes prevails among people with a higher level of material well-being. The results of studying the awareness of respondents about the dangers of tobacco smoking showed a high level of awareness of the respondents. At the same time, awareness of the dangers of alternative means of smoking is at a lower level. An analysis of the study of the reasons for starting smoking among study participants showed that persons living separately from their parents are more susceptible to smoking. According to the respondents themselves, an important role in the formation of adherence to an addiction is played by a negative example of the social environment (smoking of parents, friends, acquaintances). The correlation analysis revealed the relationship between smoking and the level of psychoemotional stress. Thus, the result of this study indicates that the high prevalence of smoking among young people is due to the impact of socioeconomic and psychological factors that must be taken into account in the fight against the formation of addiction among the younger generation.

English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/analysis-of-the-prevalence-of-smoking-among-young-people-taking-into-account-socio-economic-and-psycho-emotional-factors/75548.html
Epistaxis as a marker of the unfavorable course of hypertension
Authors: Boiko Natalia Vladimirovna , Letifov Gadzhi Mutalibovich
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research was to study changes in the nasal mucosa vessels in hypertensive patients suffering from recurrent epistaxis. Patients and methods. 78 hypertensive patients aged between 50 and 70, admitted due to epistaxis, were studied. Diabetic, coagulopathic patients and those taking anticoagulants were excluded from the research. All the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (46 people) with a single epistaxis, group 2 (32 people) with a recurrent epistaxis. At the admission, all the patients showed elevated blood pressure, yet the differences between the patients of group 1 and group 2 were not significant. 14 patients of group 2 did not reveal any source of hemorrhage due to a severely deviated septum. These patients underwent septoplasty followed by mucoperichondrium biopsy. Histological study of the samples showed multiple erosions within the epithelial layer, as well as necrotic patches spreading to the deeper mucous coat layers. The microvasculature showed dystrophic changes in the endothelium, its focal desquamation with basal membrane exposure and thrombocytes and erythrocytes adhesion at such places, erythrocyte aggregation, plasma separation, erythrocyte and fibrinous thrombi formation. Thus, the cause of epistaxis is not high blood pressure, but those changes in the nasal mucosa vessels promoted by long-term arterial hypertension.
Personal data protection in medical institutions. Part II
Authors: Krylov A.P.
Published: December 2021

The problem of protecting personal data in medical institutions is currently extremely urgent. The article discusses the main issues of personal data protection in a medical institution.
Vaccination against COVID-19 and allergy (literature review)
Authors: Rozenson Rafail Iosifovich , Tyo A. V. , Abdyrasylov M. E.
Published: December 2021

The coronavirus pandemic is the most global crisis of our time, therefore, worldwide vaccination against COVID-19 plays a key role in keeping the current situation under control. Numerous studies show that, despite the existing cases of adverse allergic reactions, people with allergic pathology are recommended to complete the full course of vaccination against COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for emergency use during the pandemic and have long-term effectiveness, including for those with allergies.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of federal resources in healthcare institutions
Authors: Kovalenko S. N.
Published: December 2021

This article discusses issues related to the effectiveness of the use of federal budget funds, provides references to legislative and regulatory acts related to the issue under study, forms an algorithm for the stages of the procurement process, highlights the distinctive features and characteristics of public procurement in the institution of the zrdavookhraneniya system (on the example of the State Budgetary Institution of the State Budgetary Institution named after S. P. Botkin), provides materials for the study of the effectiveness of the use of budget funds of public sector organizations, including in the healthcare sector, and also gives an assessment.
Сloud technologies application analysis at all phases of the project life cycle in terms of the their implementation and use risks
Authors: Panteleeva M.S. , Feiskhanova A. R.
Published: December 2021

In the article, the authors analyze сloud technologies application at all phases of the project life cycle in terms of their implementation and use risks. This analysis makes it possible to determine: is there currently a technical possibility to remotely manage the buildings and structures construction and operation, whether an information appears sufficient amount in the reporting documents for making management decisions. In addition, the cloud structuring storage allows an applied digital technologies assessment the construction industry and the housing and utilities. The practical application effectiveness of cloud technologies at the stage of operating capital construction facilities provides examples in the article also.
Contenido Acumulado Vol. 2
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: December 2021

Contenido Acumulado del Vol. 2

Índice de todo el volumen 2, 2020
Páginas preliminares del Vol. 3 No. 1
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: December 2021

Páginas preliminares do Vol. 3 No. 1Portada, Creditos de este número, instrucciones de enlace
Contenido Vol. 3 No. 3
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: December 2021

Contenido Vol. 3 No. 3
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MIXED BRAKING WITH FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL DURING THE OPERATION OF THE ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Authors:   FSUE «NAMI», Artem Alexeyevich Umnitsyn , Sergey Vasilyevich Bakhmutov ,   FSUE «NAMI», Boris Anatolyevich Yakimovich ,   Sevastopol State University, Elena Gennadievna Kakushina ,   Sevastopol State University
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the process of braking an all-wheel drive electric vehicle with an indi-vidual drive of the driving wheels with a different coefficient of adhesion of tires to the road along the sides of the electric vehicle. A feature of this work is the use of fuzzy logic in the braking torque control system by the actuators of the front axle of the vehicle. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the proposed type of control is preferable in comparison with the control of only one actuator - the brake mechanism.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ELEMENTS OF THE DIESEL COOLING SYSTEM ON ITS THERMAL STABILIZATION BY MEANS OF COMPUTER MODELING
Authors:   Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School, Yuriy Aleksandrovich Zayats , Tatiana Mikhailovna Zayats ,   Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School, Maksim Anatolevich Savelyev ,   Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School
Published: December 2021

Logistics support of products at all stages of the life cycle is gaining increasing influence. This is facilitated by the increasing complexity of structures, a large number of elements, the intro-duction of mechatronic systems. Under these conditions, the relevance of developing methods for analyzing the design of samples increases. The developed model for analyzing the diesel cooling system is based on the principles of cognitive modeling. The practical significance of cognitive models is shown, which consists in the possibility of predicting changes in the influence of system elements on the target function in various operating conditions.
SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF OPTIMIZING STRUCTURE CHOICE OF A TRANSPORT NODE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT VARIOUS RATIOS BY THE FUZZY SETS METHOD
Authors:   Belgorod state technological university, Liliya Evgen’evna Kushchenko , Sergey Nikolaevich Glagolev ,   Belgorod state technological university, Sergey Viktorovich Kushchenko ,   Belgorod state technological university, Daniil Valer’evich Odinczov ,   Belgorod state technological university
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the transport problem of increasing the capacity of the road and reduc-ing delays of vehicles and passengers on the way. There is a need to choose the optimal ratio of in-tersections with the use of technical means of traffic management in the overall structure of the transport hub, taking into account the main elements. The main factors influencing the technical and economic indicators for the construction of intersections of varying complexity are deter-mined. A solution is proposed to optimize the choice of the structure of the transport node, taking into account various ratios by the method of fuzzy sets.
LABORATORY WORK AS A MEANS OF ACQUISITION OF PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FROM TRANSPORT SPECIALTY STUDENTS
Authors:   Orel State University, Elena Nikolaevna Gradynova , Maria Andreevna Gorina ,   Orel State University, Irina Vladimirovna Rodicheva ,   Orel State University, Maria Andreevna Yakynina ,   Orel State University
Published: December 2021

The article examines, using the example of the laboratory work «Dismantling an internal combustion engine», the acquisition of skills in the maintenance and repair of motor vehicles from students of transport specialties. The methodology of laboratory work and methodological support is presented. Based on the testing of students, a conclusion was made about the possibility and ef-fectiveness of conducting full-scale laboratory work. Recommendations on laboratory work for students of transport and related specialties are given.
Тhe effect of hippotherapy on the psychoemotional status of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Kuznetsova A.S. , Evstigneeva O.V.
Published: December 2021

The results of the hippotherapy program application in the correction of the psycho-emotional status of children with cerebral palsy are presented. It has been established that this program of therapeutic horse riding has proved effective in correcting the psycho-emotional status and can be widely used in the rehabilitation of persons with cerebral palsy.

Key words: cerebral palsy, hippotherapy, psychological testing.
Investigation of the effectiveness of the differential diagnostic approach to the use of adaptive biofeedback in martial artists
Authors: Kurakina O.V. , Gondareva L.N. , Valtsev V.V.
Published: December 2021

The effectiveness of the use of biofeedback in the prevention and correction of overtraining, psychophysiological disfunctions, disruption of adaptation processes in young and highly qualified athletes engaged in martial arts is shown. The selection of individual recovery programs using biofeedback allowed to optimize the functional work of the body's systems and increase efficiency. All athletes who have completed a targeted biofeedback course have shown high results at competitions for the first time.

Key words: biofeedback, neurotraining, combat readiness, functional capabilities, taekwondo, judo, boxing, free-style wrestling.
Restoration of heart and respiration in rats after cooling to a body temperature of 9-10°C
Authors: Arokina N.K.
Published: December 2021

The study was carried out on male Wistar rats anesthetized by urethane. The rats were cooled in water until breathing stopped; after 5 minutes, mechanical ventilation of the lungs was started, which activated the work of the heart. The animals were not removed from the water, the heart rate decreased, the heart stopped at rectal temperature (Tr) 9,6±0,7°, in the esophagus (Te) 11,9±0,6°C. Then the rats were taken out of the water, a saline heating pad (38-40 °C) was applied to the chest area. As a result, the heart temperature increased, the heart rate began to rise; their own respiration appeared at Tp 18,6±0,8° and Te 21,6±0,9°C. It is concluded that the supply of oxygen to the heart and warming contribute to the restoration of its work, and the resumption of its own breathing.

Key words: hypothermia, rat, artificial respiration, heart, respiration.
Metal storage capacity evaluation of humic and himatomelanic acids hydroxymethyl derivatives obtained from brown coal
Authors: Potapova I.A. , Nielina E.V. , Prokhorova N.V.
Published: December 2021

Humic substances represent the most extensive and reactive class of natural compounds. A more nature-saving way is to obtain humus substances from solid combustible minerals and waste from their processing. The ability of these compounds to form stable complexes with heavy metals, which increases with their directed chemical modification, has been experimentally confirmed. The effectiveness of the phenol-formaldehyde condensation method for the modification of initial humus substances has been confirmed. The interaction of humic and himatomelanic acids with formaldehyde leads to an increase in sorption activity in comparison with the initial humic acids with respect to heavy metals. This aspect has been studied and confirmed in model experiments with copper ions.

Key words: humic substances, brown coal, humic and himatomelanic acids, directed chemical modification, hydroxymethyl (methyl) derivatives, heavy metals, copper ions, complex formation.
The role of nitric oxide in the regulation of the electrical activity of the trigeminal nerve in the rat
Authors: Svitko S.O. , Koroleva K.S. , Sitdikova G.F. , Petrova K.A.
Published: December 2021

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule that regulates a number of physiological functions, including its role in the formation of migraine has been established. NO is endogenously produced in the body from L-arginine by NO synthase. The NO donor, nitroglycerin, is a trigger of migraine in humans and is widely used in the modeling of this disease in animals, which suggests the involvement of components of the NO signaling cascade in the pathogenesis of migraine. Based on the results obtained, it was found that an increase in the concentration of both the substrate for the synthesis of NO, L-arginine, and the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, has a pro-nociceptive effect in the afferents of the trigeminal nerve. In this case, the effect of sodium nitroprusside is associated with the activation of intracellular soluble guanylate cyclase.

Key words: nitric oxide, migraine, trigeminal nerve, L-arginine, guanylate cyclase, sodium nitroprusside, nociception.