bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil do vento e estabilidade atmosférica próxima da superfície no Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara
Authors: Ramos Diogo Nunes da Silva , Fisch Gilberto , Fernandez Julio Pablo Reyes
Published: December 2018

Wind and atmospheric stability are fundamental for aerospace research and development activities at the Alcântara Launch Center, situated in the Maranhão Brazilian state. The physical processes related to these meteorological parameters during the dry season are well known. However, there is still gap concerning the rainy season. The data obtained in the anemometric tower are here studied considering vertical profiles of wind and temperature, and the Richardson bulk number. The mechanical characteristics showed weaker vertical gradient during the daytime-nighttime transition. A primary reason of that behaviour is the sea breeze from 60 m height of the tower. Those near-surface winds are more intense at night in the rainy season. As expected, the surface layer tends to be statically neutral throughout the daytime cycle in the dry season. Meanwhile, this stability classification was seen more frequently at the nighttime in the rainy season. Rainfall events along wet months were typically nocturnal. The deeper convective cells and its derived downdrafts help to understand this behavior. Due to -40% precipitation anomaly reported in this rainy season, these results may have been a direct response to this condition. In future studies, turbulent measurements are required to investigate how the thermodynamic and mechanical pertubations interacts with the rainfall stability patterns during the wet season.
EDUCAÇÃO ARTÍSTICA VERSUS EDUCAÇÃO ESTÉTICA NO ENSINO DO TEATRO?
Authors: Barbosa Diogo José de Moraes Lopes
Published: December 2018

Neste artigo, tentamos expor diferentes formas de ensino/aprendizagem do teatro, abordagens que contornam não apenas seu ensino no âmbito do fazer, das práticas de exercícios do aluno/ator, mas, sobretudo, das práticas de fruição do teatro em sala de aula. Essas não se dão apenas em aspectos ligados à realização de jogos e em montagem de espetáculos no âmbito escolar. O aluno aprende teatro também por outros vieses e através de outros elementos da cena, como a indumentária, os cenários, a iluminação, o texto. Assim, apresentaremos, no decorrer deste texto, possíveis abordagens na Pedagogia do Teatro, que tentam lidar com a aprendizagem da cena a partir de uma visão mais ampla.
Uma vivência de criação em artes na Escola Cristo Trabalhador em Abaetetuba- PA
Authors:   UFPA-ICA, MENDES ALBERTO VALTER VINAGRE
Published: December 2018

Este artigo apresenta um relato de vivencias de criação no ensino de Artes, mais especificamente nas Artes Cênicas, no contexto de uma escola pública no município de Abaetetuba no Pará, faz um relato a respeito de procedimentos desenvolvidos no processo de criação, a partir de uma proposta que alia os estratégias pessoais pela construção de uma metodologia e um repertório inovador a uma poética coletiva, que permita a inserção do aluno como sujeito criador no processo de configuração e composição dos elementos constituintes da cena além dos desafios da realização desta proposta com adolescentes. Apresenta a ideia de integração entre as linguagens artísticas. Traz questões para reflexão acerca do papel e da identidade do professor-artista-pesquisador propondo um olhar questionador acerca das demandas do ensino das artes na escola e as vicissitudes que acompanham o deslocamento da experiência criadora fundada no artista singular para o coletivo, situando a escola como lugar de possibilidades de vivências em artes.
FRONTERAS INÚTILES. EXPERIENCIAS CON BARBOTINA
Authors:   Escuela Provincial de Artes Visuales N° 3031 ", Blaconá Cynthia ,   Gral. Manuel Belgrano",   - Rosario - Argentina, Rodríguez Jimena
Published: December 2018

El presente trabajo narra una experiencia artístico-educativa presentada como propuesta de taller que se planteó generar, desde la corporalidad, una experiencia sensorial con la barbotina, explorando el material de una manera no convencional, para potenciar sus recursos expresivos y estéticos, acompañados de la palabra como dispositivo productor de sentido y simbolización. Dicho taller denominado Fronteras Inútiles. Experiencias con barbotina buscó - mediante esta práctica artística sensitiva -, favorecer acciones pedagógicas promotoras de participación, cooperación, solidaridad, alteridad y respeto, generando encuentros innovadores con los materiales tradicionales del lenguaje cerámico donde se promueva la desinhibición a través del juego, la expresión corporal, la auto-confianza, la aceptación, la inclusión, la conciencia espacio-temporal y el encuentro con la palabra.
CONSTRUCCIÓN SOCIAL DE CONOCIMIENTO CREATIVO EN PRODUCTO CERÁMICO
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Colombia., SH Alberto Herrera
Published: December 2018

¿Cómo traer el mundo del diseño a nuestros estudiantes? Es la preocupación que como docentes, posibilitó problematizar las dinámicas de formación de estudiantes de Diseño Industrial, en el taller – laboratorio de diseño. El abordaje arroja luces sobre cómo se construye socialmente el conocimiento creativo gracias a las dinámicas que constituyen la red socio – política - creativa del taller – laboratorio de diseño. Pero también brinda luces en torno, a cómo se pueden construir en términos de la mundanidad de los mundos diversos mundos, por medio de las negociaciones de diversas identidades. A manera de validación presenta algunos trabajos (mundos) desarrollados por los estudiantes de Diseño Industrial.
A INTERFACE DA CERÂMICA NAS DIMENSÕES DO ENSINO, DA PESQUISA E DA EXTENSÃO
Authors:   nstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio GRande do Sul - Campus Feliz, Diehl Viviane
Published: December 2018

Este artigo traz à tona os modos de ver e pensar a cerâmica e sua potência artisticoeducativa e de diálogo nas ações indissociadas de ensino, pesquisa e extensão, no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul/ IFRS - Campus Feliz. Nestas ações, os processos se relacionam de modo cooperado e integrado, mediados pela atuação da educadorartista com a colaboração de estudantes bolsistas e da comunidade. A interação artisticoeducativa, mediada pela arte cerâmica ocorre, muitas vezes, de modo intuitivo, levando a buscar, através deste estudo, como os três segmentos estão conectados e qual seu potencial a ser reconhecido. Outro ponto a ser explorado são as possibilidades de ações interculturais, que podem ampliar a experiência estética e contribuir no desenvolvimento coletivo, aproximando a instituição educativa da sociedade. A metodologia de caráter qualitativo contempla as proposições estético-pedagógicas que se desenvolvem em oficinas, palestras, exposições, experimentações de laboratório para procedimentos técnicos e materiais, produção de obras artísticas e eventos. A partir dos pressupostos estabelecidos por este estudo e do conjunto de problematizações, ações práticas e teóricas que emergem da abordagem da arte cerâmica, desenvolvidas indissociadamente no ensino, na pesquisa e na extensão, pode-se dizer que ela carrega em si além da experiência estética, a aproximação sociocultural dos envolvidos.
Working with time in contemporary families
Authors: Hachet Benoît , Marchand Aaron
Published: December 2018

Research Framework:The renewed interest of sociologists for the temporal aspects of social activity offers enlightening perspectives on the functioning of family groups. Social time imposes a framework for the coordination of activities by differing family members, and, like a timespan, it offers the possibility of multiple narrations in the ‘future’. For families, time is both a constraint as well as a resource.

Aims:The introduction of this issue of “Family Times” uses the plural to highlight the irreducibility of time to a single dimension, which also begs two questions. How Does Time Build Families? How Do Families Build Time?

Methodology: The discussions raised in the introduction to this work show that the sociology of time can shed light on family practices, using both a synchronic and diachronic approach, for the entire group as well as for its constituting members.

Results:The temporality of education, like professional activities, constitute a socio-temporal framework which is imposed on families as well as the necessity of building an adapted organizational calendar to best prepare for the future. Adoption levels vary according to social and physical constraints of time depending on gender and social environments. Women play a key role in the organization of family time and the transmission of temporal know how.

Conclusions: Time is not an external environment wherein individual and familial activities occur. Family members work time differently, whether separately or together, they fulfil the objectives of reproduction and physical and social aims in a manner which is either strategic and well-planned or opportunistic and scattered. Family time is not only experienced, it is also acted upon.

Contribution: In addition to making a contribution to the temporal analysis of family dynamics, this introduction opens rarely explored pathways into how families work the different times that shape them
Importance of Coping in the Relationship Between Executive Function and Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Grech Lisa B. , Kiropoulos Litza A. , Kirby Katherine M. , Butler Ernest , Paine Mark , Hester Robert
Published: December 2018

Background:

Maximizing quality of life (QOL) for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is a primary focus of health care management professionals. Research has shown a relationship between QOL and a person's coping style and that coping provides an indirect link between cognition and stress, depression, and anxiety in MS. This research assessed whether coping moderates or mediates the relationship between executive function and QOL in people with MS.

Methods:

We assessed 107 people with relapsing-remitting (n = 83) or secondary progressive (n = 24) MS using executive function tasks and self-report coping and QOL inventories.

Results:

Coping strategies that mediated the relationship between executive function and QOL in people with MS included behavioral disengagement, acceptance, growth, and religion, while moderating strategies were denial, active, religion, adaptive, and total coping indices. Less cognitively demanding coping strategies that were related to increased QOL in people with poorer executive function included acceptance, growth, and religion, and maladaptive strategies associated with poorer QOL were behavioral disengagement and denial.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that lessening avoidant coping strategies and strengthening use of less cognitively demanding adaptive coping strategies may improve QOL in people with MS who experience deficits in executive function. Consideration should be given to the development of psychoeducation and interventions with this focus.
Infinitely many solutions for some nonlinear supercritical problems with break of symmetry
Authors: Candela Anna Maria , Salvatore Addolorata
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we prove the existence of infinitely many weak bounded solutions of the nonlinear elliptic problem \[\begin{cases}-\operatorname{div}(a(x,u,\nabla u))+A_t(x,u,\nabla u) = g(x,u)+h(x) &\text{in }\Omega,\\ u=0 &\text{on }\partial\Omega,\end{cases}\] where \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N\) is an open bounded domain, \(N\geq 3\), and \(A(x,t,\xi)\), \(g(x,t)\), \(h(x)\) are given functions, with \(A_t = \frac{\partial A}{\partial t}\), \(a = \nabla_{\xi} A\), such that \(A(x,\cdot,\cdot)\) is even and \(g(x,\cdot)\) is odd. To this aim, we use variational arguments and the Rabinowitz's perturbation method which is adapted to our setting and exploits a weak version of the Cerami-Palais-Smale condition. Furthermore, if \(A(x,t,\xi)\) grows fast enough with respect to \(t\), then the nonlinear term related to \(g(x,t)\) may have also a supercritical growth.
Existence results and a priori estimates for solutions of quasilinear problems with gradient terms
Authors: Filippucci Roberta , Lini Chiara
Published: December 2018

In this paper we establish a priori estimates and then an existence theorem of positive solutions for a Dirichlet problem on a bounded smooth domain in \(\mathbb{R}^N\) with a nonlinearity involving gradient terms. The existence result is proved with no use of a Liouville theorem for the limit problem obtained via the usual blow up method, in particular we refer to the modified version by Ruiz. In particular our existence theorem extends a result by Lorca and Ubilla in two directions, namely by considering a nonlinearity which includes in the gradient term a power of \(u\) and by removing the growth condition for the nonlinearity \(f\) at \(u=0\).
On a Robin (p,q)-equation with a logistic reaction
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Vetro Calogero , Vetro Francesca
Published: December 2018

We consider a nonlinear nonhomogeneous Robin equation driven by the sum of a \(p\)-Laplacian and of a \(q\)-Laplacian (\((p,q)\)-equation) plus an indefinite potential term and a parametric reaction of logistic type (superdiffusive case). We prove a bifurcation-type result describing the changes in the set of positive solutions as the parameter \(\lambda \gt 0\) varies. Also, we show that for every admissible parameter \(\lambda \gt 0\), the problem admits a smallest positive solution.
Existence and multiplicity results for quasilinear equations in the Heisenberg group
Authors: Pucci Patrizia
Published: December 2018

In this paper we complete the study started in [Existence of entire solutions for quasilinear equations in the Heisenberg group, Minimax Theory Appl. 4 (2019)] on entire solutions for a quasilinear equation \((\mathcal{E}_{\lambda})\) in \(\mathbb{H}^{n}\), depending on a real parameter \(\lambda\), which involves a general elliptic operator \(\mathbf{A}\) in divergence form and two main nonlinearities. Here, in the so called sublinear case, we prove existence for all \(\lambda\gt 0\) and, for special elliptic operators \(\mathbf{A}\), existence of infinitely many solutions \((u_k)_k\).
General decapping activators target different subsets of inefficiently translated mRNAs
Authors: He Feng , Celik Alper , Wu Chan , Jacobson Allan
Published: December 2018

The Dcp1-Dcp2 decapping enzyme and the decapping activators Pat1, Dhh1, and Lsm1 regulate mRNA decapping, but their mechanistic integration is unknown. We analyzed the gene expression consequences of deleting PAT1, LSM1, or DHH1, or the DCP2 C-terminal domain, and found that: i) the Dcp2 C-terminal domain is an effector of both negative and positive regulation; ii) rather than being global activators of decapping, Pat1, Lsm1, and Dhh1 directly target specific subsets of yeast mRNAs and loss of the functions of each of these factors has substantial indirect consequences for genome-wide mRNA expression; and iii) transcripts targeted by Pat1, Lsm1, and Dhh1 exhibit only partial overlap, are generally translated inefficiently, and, as expected, are targeted to decapping-dependent decay. Our results define the roles of Pat1, Lsm1, and Dhh1 in decapping of general mRNAs and suggest that these factors may monitor mRNA translation and target unique features of individual mRNAs.
Protein gradients on the nucleoid position the carbon-fixing organelles of cyanobacteria
Authors: MacCready Joshua S , Hakim Pusparanee , Young Eric J , Hu Longhua , Liu Jian , Osteryoung Katherine W , Vecchiarelli Anthony G , Ducat Daniel C
Published: December 2018

Carboxysomes are protein-based bacterial organelles encapsulating key enzymes of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Previous work has implicated a ParA-like protein (hereafter McdA) as important for spatially organizing carboxysomes along the longitudinal axis of the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Yet, how self-organization of McdA emerges and contributes to carboxysome positioning is unknown. Here, we identify a small protein, termed McdB that localizes to carboxysomes and drives emergent oscillatory patterning of McdA on the nucleoid. Our results demonstrate that McdB directly stimulates McdA ATPase activity and its release from DNA, driving carboxysome-dependent depletion of McdA locally on the nucleoid and promoting directed motion of carboxysomes towards increased concentrations of McdA. We propose that McdA and McdB are a previously unknown class of self-organizing proteins that utilize a Brownian-ratchet mechanism to position carboxysomes in cyanobacteria, rather than a cytoskeletal system. These results have broader implications for understanding spatial organization of protein mega-complexes and organelles in bacteria.
Bayesian analysis of retinotopic maps
Authors: Benson Noah C , Winawer Jonathan
Published: December 2018

Human visual cortex is organized into multiple retinotopic maps. Characterizing the arrangement of these maps on the cortical surface is essential to many visual neuroscience studies. Typically, maps are obtained by voxel-wise analysis of fMRI data. This method, while useful, maps only a portion of the visual field and is limited by measurement noise and subjective assessment of boundaries. We developed a novel Bayesian mapping approach which combines observation–a subject’s retinotopic measurements from small amounts of fMRI time–with a prior–a learned retinotopic atlas. This process automatically draws areal boundaries, corrects discontinuities in the measured maps, and predicts validation data more accurately than an atlas alone or independent datasets alone. This new method can be used to improve the accuracy of retinotopic mapping, to analyze large fMRI datasets automatically, and to quantify differences in map properties as a function of health, development and natural variation between individuals.
A secretory pathway kinase regulates sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ homeostasis and protects against heart failure
Authors: Pollak Adam J , Liu Canzhao , Gudlur Aparna , Mayfield Joshua E , Dalton Nancy D , Gu Yusu , Chen Ju , Heller Brown Joan , Hogan Patrick G , Wiley Sandra E , Peterson Kirk L , Dixon Jack E
Published: December 2018

Ca2+ signaling is important for many cellular and physiological processes, including cardiac function. Although sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins involved in Ca2+ signaling have been shown to be phosphorylated, the biochemical and physiological roles of protein phosphorylation within the lumen of the SR remain essentially uncharacterized. Our laboratory recently identified an atypical protein kinase, Fam20C, which is uniquely localized to the secretory pathway lumen. Here, we show that Fam20C phosphorylates several SR proteins involved in Ca2+ signaling, including calsequestrin2 and Stim1, whose biochemical activities are dramatically regulated by Fam20C mediated phosphorylation. Notably, phosphorylation of Stim1 by Fam20C enhances Stim1 activation and store-operated Ca2+ entry. Physiologically, mice with Fam20c ablated in cardiomyocytes develop heart failure following either aging or induced pressure overload. We extended these observations to show that non-muscle cells lacking Fam20C display altered ER Ca2+ signaling. Overall, we show that Fam20C plays an overarching role in ER/SR Ca2+ homeostasis and cardiac pathophysiology.
Screening for insulin-independent pathways that modulate glucose homeostasis identifies androgen receptor antagonists
Authors: Mullapudi Sri Teja , Helker Christian SM , Boezio Giulia LM , Maischein Hans-Martin , Sokol Anna M , Guenther Stefan , Matsuda Hiroki , Kubicek Stefan , Graumann Johannes , Yang Yu Hsuan Carol , Stainier Didier YR
Published: December 2018

Pathways modulating glucose homeostasis independently of insulin would open new avenues to combat insulin resistance and diabetes. Here, we report the establishment, characterization, and use of a vertebrate ‘insulin-free’ model to identify insulin-independent modulators of glucose metabolism. insulin knockout zebrafish recapitulate core characteristics of diabetes and survive only up to larval stages. Utilizing a highly efficient endoderm transplant technique, we generated viable chimeric adults that provide the large numbers of insulin mutant larvae required for our screening platform. Using glucose as a disease-relevant readout, we screened 2233 molecules and identified three that consistently reduced glucose levels in insulin mutants. Most significantly, we uncovered an insulin-independent beneficial role for androgen receptor antagonism in hyperglycemia, mostly by reducing fasting glucose levels. Our study proposes therapeutic roles for androgen signaling in diabetes and, more broadly, offers a novel in vivo model for rapid screening and decoupling of insulin-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Arkeologiske utgravninger på Storsteinneset, Sør-Varanger k. Finnmark 2004
Authors: Skandfer Marianne
Published: December 2018

Report (in Norwegian) of research excavation of three house-pits at Storsteinneset, Pasvik, Sør-Varanger municipality, Finnmark, Norway. Description of methods, observations and analyses results (AMS dates). Including selected photos. References to field drawings kept at Tromsø University Museum. Related publications:Skandfer, M. 2012. " Change and Recollection: House Structures and Social Identification in Finnmark, Artic Norway 2400 BC - AD 300." In Damm, Charlotte and Saarikiivi, Janne (eds.): Networks, Interaction and Emerging Identities in Fennoscandia and Beyond. Papers from the Conference held in Tromsø, Norway, October 13-16 2009. Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura / Finno-Ugrian Society 2012 pp. 155-176 (2017-06-12)Skandfer, M. and Bruun, I. 2006    ”De eldste husene i Pasvik.” Varanger årbok 2006, pp. 106-117.
Láksjohka, Tana kommune, Finnmark 2006
Authors: Skandfer Marianne
Published: December 2018

Excavation report (in Norwegian) from Láksjohka, Deatnu/Tana municipality, Finnmark. Includes background, methods, observations, interpretations and AMS dates.Related publications:Skandfer, M. 2012 "Change and Recollection: House Structures and Social Identification in Finnmark, Artic Norway 2400 BC - AD 300." In Damm, Charlotte and Saarikiivi, Janne (eds.): Networks, Interaction and Emerging Identities in Fennoscandia and Beyond. Papers from the Conference held in Tromsø, Norway, October 13-16 2009. Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura / Finno-Ugrian Society 2012 pp. 155-176Skandfer, M. and Bruun, I. M. 2004 "”De eldste husene i Pasvik.” Varanger årbok 2006, pp. 106-117. Report from the same site 2004: http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4312Report from the same site 2007: http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4334
ID169787-2 tuft overfor Jergul, Karasjok k., Finnmark. Rapport fra prøvegraving 2013
Authors: Skandfer Marianne
Published: December 2018

Excavation report (in Norwegian). Small-scale excavation of house-pit. An oval, 4,5 x 3,7 m, shallow house-pit was test-excavated by a 0,5 x 0,5 m field in the middle of the floor area. Several layers of charcoal, partly separated by sand-layser were observed in an assumed central hearth. No hearth-stones or finds. RAdiocarbon dates point to at least two separate use-phases, one in the Late Atone Age c. 3800 BC) and one in the early Medieval period. A date from a previous test-pit could represent a third, intercepting, dwelling episode, alternatively a mixing of the two stratigraphically separable layers. A stone-lined hearth situated outside the house-pit was dated to 1880-1690 BC, i.e. Early Metal Age. Related publication:Blankholm, H. P. and Skandfer, M. (in press) House Pits in the Northern Interior. In: Skandfer, M.,  Blankholm, H. P. and Hood, B. (eds) Archaeological Perspectives on Hunter-Gatherer Landscapes and Resource Management in Interior North Norway. Equinox Publishing, Sheffield. Related reports:http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4331http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4324http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4336
Láksjohka, Deatnu g./Tana k., Finnmark Rapport fra arkeologisk utgravning 25.–29.06.2007
Authors: Skandfer Marianne
Published: December 2018

Excavation report from Stone Age dwelling site with house-pits.Related publications:Report from the same site 2004: http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4312Report from the same site 2006: http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4313Skandfer, M. 2012. " Change and Recollection: House Structures and Social Identification in Finnmark, Artic Norway 2400 BC - AD 300." In Damm, Charlotte and Saarikiivi, Janne (eds.): Networks, Interaction and Emerging Identities in Fennoscandia and Beyond. Papers from the Conference held in Tromsø, Norway, October 13-16 2009. Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura / Finno-Ugrian Society 2012 pp. 155-176 (2017-06-12)
Registreringer i Karasjok kommune, Finnmark, 2013. Rapport fra feltarbeid
Authors: Skandfer Marianne , Hood Bryan
Published: December 2018

Archaeological survey report. Related publication: Skandfer, M., Hood, B. and Sommerseth, I. LARM Investigations in Inner Finnmark 1: The Kárášjohka/Karasjok Region. In: Skandfer, M., Blankholm, H. P. and Hood, B. (eds.) Archaeological Perspectives on Hunter-Gatherer Landscapes and Resource Management in Interior North Norway. Equinox Publishing, Sheffield. (Chapter 8)Related reports:http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4330http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4331http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4328
Developing ESP Reading Materials for Accounting Students
Authors: Sari Farnia , Atmanegara Yunani
Published: December 2018

Exposing abundance of English information related to students’ educational background knowledge can improve their competence in comprehending English texts. Thus, this study developed ESP reading materials for accounting students. It was aimed at finding out what kind of ESP reading materials should be developed to increase accounting students’ reading skill, and examining the validity, practicality, and potential effect of the developed ESP reading materials.The product was developed by using Akker covering the phases of analysis, design, evaluation and revision. Furthermore, formative evaluation proposed by Tessmer was used. This study involved 40 students selected by using purposive technique. The data were gathered from the results of validation sheet questionnaire of content and instructional design, students’ responses questionnaire, and reading comprehension test. The analysis of validation sheet questionnaire from two experts’ judgement indicated that the developed product had very high validity (3.61). Meanwhile, the results of students’ responses questionnaire showed that the average score in one-to-one evaluation was 3.3 and in small group evaluation was 3.5. It revealed that the product was denoted as practical in which both evaluations were in high practicality category. At last, the results of reading comprehension test showed that there was 64% of the students could pass the minimum mastery criterion. Thus, the findings indicated that ESP reading materials for accounting students can be determined had average potential effect after being implemented to the students in a real class. In other words, ESP reading materials developed in this study were potential effect enough to increase the students’ reading skill.
The Impact of Timed Reading Activity on Iranian EFL learners Reading Speed, Comprehension, and Attitudes at Intermediate Level
Authors: Mahdizadeh Molood , Aminafshar Naeemeh
Published: December 2018

Learning English is one of the most important activities around the world. Learning a language includes a number of skills and sub-skills. Reading is one of the skills of language learning, and it is the focus of the present study. Comprehension and speed are two main parts of the reading skill. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of timed reading activity on speed, comprehension and the attitudes of English learners regarding the use of timed reading activity. To this aim, a pre-test, a post-test and a questionnaire were used to gather data. 40 intermediate language learners participated in this study, and they were divided into two groups; experimental and control groups. Timed reading activity was employed as the treatment for the experimental group. The collected data revealed that the treatment had effect on the reading speed of the participants in the experimental group. Moreover, the data indicated that the timed reading activity was not highly effective to develop the reading comprehension skill of the language learners. And the results of the questionnaire indicated that a large number of the participants had positive attitude toward the timed reading activity.
An integrative taxonomic approach revealsOctopus insularisas the dominant species in the Veracruz Reef System (southwestern Gulf of Mexico)
Authors: González-Gómez Roberto , Barriga-Sosa Irene de los Angeles , Pliego-Cárdenas Ricardo , Jiménez-Badillo Lourdes , Markaida Unai , Meiners-Mandujano César , Morillo-Velarde Piedad S.
Published: December 2018

The common octopus of the Veracruz Reef System (VRS, southwestern Gulf of Mexico) has historically been considered asOctopus vulgaris, and yet, to date, no study including both morphological and genetic data has tested that assumption. To assess this matter, 52 octopuses were sampled in different reefs within the VRS to determine the taxonomic identity of this commercially valuable species using an integrative taxonomic approach through both morphological and genetic analyses. Morphological and genetic data confirmed that the common octopus of the VRS is notO. vulgarisand determined that it is, in fact, the recently describedO. insularis. Morphological measurements, counts, indices, and other characteristics such as specific colour patterns, closely matched what had been reported forO. insularisin Brazil. In addition, sequences from cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (r16S) mitochondrial genes confirmed that the common octopus from the VRS is in the same highly supported clade asO. insularisfrom Brazil. Genetic distances of both mitochondrial genes as well as of cytochrome oxidase subunit III (COIII) and novel nuclear rhodopsin sequences for the species, also confirmed this finding (0–0.8%). We discuss our findings in the light of the recent reports of octopus species misidentifications involving the members of the ‘O. vulgarisspecies complex’ and underscore the need for more morphological studies regarding this group to properly address the management of these commercially valuable and similar taxa.
Diversity of social-genetic relationships in the socially monogamous pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) breeding in Western Siberia
Authors: Grinkov Vladimir G. , Bauer Andreas , Gashkov Sergey I. , Sternberg Helmut , Wink Michael
Published: December 2018

We explored the genetic background of social interactions in two breeding metapopulations of the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) in Western Siberia. In 2005, we sampled blood from birds breeding in study areas located in the city of Tomsk and in a natural forest 13 km southward of Tomsk (Western Siberia, Russia). We sampled 30 males, 46 females, 268 nestlings (46 nests) in the urban settlement of pied flycatcher, and 232 males, 250 females, 1,485 nestlings (250 nests) in the woodland plot. DNA fingerprinting was carried out using eight microsatellite loci, which were amplified by two multiplex-PCRs and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. About 50–58% of all couples were socially and genetically monogamous in both study plots. However, almost all possible social and genetic interactions were detected for non-monogamous couples: polygamy, polyandry, helping, adoption, and egg dumping. Differences in the rate of polygyny and the rate of extra-pair paternity between both study sites could be explained by differences in environmental heterogeneity and breeding density. Our findings suggest that egg dumping, adoption, polygamy, extra pair copulation, and other types of social-genetic interactions are modifications of the monogamous social system caused by patchy environment, breeding density, and birds’ breeding status.
Bacterial communities in the digester bed and liquid effluent of a microflush composting toilet system
Authors: Williams Laura E. , Kleinschmidt Claire E. , Mecca Stephen
Published: December 2018

Lack of access to clean water and sanitation is a major factor impacting public health in communities worldwide. To address this, the S-Lab at Providence College and the Global Sustainable Aid Project developed a microflush composting toilet system to isolate and treat human waste. Solid waste is composted within a filter-digester bed via an aerobic process involving microbes and invertebrates. Liquid waste may be sanitized by solar disinfection (SODIS) or slow sand filtration (SSF). Here, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of samples from a scaled-down test version of the system to better understand the bacterial component of the toilet system. Immediately after fecal matter was deposited in the test system, the bacterial community of the filter-digester bed at the site of deposition resembled that of the human gut at both the phylum and genus level, which was expected. Genus-level analysis of filter-digester bed samples collected over the next 30 days from the site of deposition showed reduced or undetectable levels of fecal-associated taxa, with the exception of Clostridium XI, which persisted at low abundance throughout the sampling period. Starting with the sample collected on day 4, the bacterial community of the filter-digester bed at the site of deposition was dominated by bacterial taxa commonly associated with environmental sources, reflecting a major shift in bacterial community composition. These data support the toilet system’s capacity for processing solid human waste. We also analyzed how SODIS and SSF sanitization methods affected the bacterial community composition of liquid effluent collected on day 15 from the test system. Untreated and treated liquid effluent samples were dominated by Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the bacterial community of the untreated effluent included taxa commonly associated with environmental sources. In the SODIS-treated effluent, these genera increased in abundance, whereas in the SSF-treated effluent, they were greatly reduced or undetectable. By analyzing operational taxonomic units that were unclassified at the genus level, we observed that SSF appears to introduce new taxa into the treated effluent, likely from the biological film of microbes and small animals that constitutes the key element of SSF. These data will inform continued development of liquid waste handling strategies for the toilet system. Using the test system as an indicator of the performance of the full-scale version, we have shown the effectiveness of the microflush composting toilet system for containing and eliminating gut-associated bacteria, thereby improving sanitation and contributing to better public health in rural and peri-urban communities.
Multiobjective Evolutionary Optimization
Authors: Biswas Partha P. , Suganthan Ponnuthurai N.
Published: December 2018

Many computational techniques have been known for years to solve multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs). However, the nature ofMOPs has been changing and many more large‐scale multimodalMOPs, computationally expensiveMOPs, dynamicMOPs, noisyMOPs, and so on are introduced in multiobjective optimization domain. The researchers are thus inspired to look beyond the conventional approaches and focus more on evolutionary optimization techniques. The developments in the field of evolutionary algorithm (EA) in last few decades makeEAan effective tool to apply to complexMOPs. This article provides an overview of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), different frameworks ofMOEAs, and the application ofMOEAs to variousMOPs. Performance indicators forMOEAs and some visualization methods in many‐objective optimization problems are also briefly mentioned in this article.
TDP‐43 accelerates deadenylation of target mRNAs by recruiting Caf1 deadenylase
Authors: Fukushima Makoto , Hosoda Nao , Chifu Kotaro , Hoshino Shin‐ichi
Published: December 2018

TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) is an RNA‐binding protein, whose loss‐of‐function mutation causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Recent studies demonstrated that TDP‐43 binds to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs to promote mRNA instability. Here, we show that TDP‐43 recruits Caf1 deadenylase to mRNA targets and accelerates their deadenylation. Tethering TDP‐43 to the mRNA 3′UTR recapitulates destabilization of the mRNA, and TDP‐43 accelerates their deadenylation. This accelerated deadenylation is inhibited by a dominant negative mutant of Caf1. We find that TDP‐43 physically interacts with Caf1. In addition, we provide evidence that TDP‐43 regulates poly(A) tail length of endogenous Progranulin (GRN) mRNA. These results may shed light on the link between dysregulation of TDP‐43‐mediated mRNA deadenylation and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Nutrient Dynamics in Wheat
Authors: Hawkesford Malcolm J. , Buchner Peter , Riche Andrew B.
Published: December 2018

Nutrients are taken up by plant roots in a regulated manner and are then distributed around the plant according to demand. As the plant develops and matures, requirements will change and new sinks for nutrients will replace old. In the case of wheat, the developing grain replaces the canopy as the major sink. Hence, nutrient allocation is a dynamic phenomenon, achieved by nutrient recycling and linked to processes of development including senescence. The effectiveness of these processes strongly influences performance and quality, particularly grain protein and mineral nutrient content, which are important health and quality attributes of the seeds. The effective reuse of nutrients is an essential contributor to nutrient use efficiency, an important sustainability trait. Movement of nutrients is achieved by multiple large gene families encoding for transporters, each family usually specific for transporting individual substrates, but often with family members showing varied distribution and regulatory patterns. There are observed interactions between nutrients resulting in coordinated accumulation within the plant.

Cycling of nutrients refers to the process of internal movements of nutrients between cells, compartments, and organs or their reuse in metabolic processes. It may also refer to processes occurring within the ecosystem including cycling in the soil and between soil and crop. In this article, emphasis is placed on initial uptake and use of nutrients by the wheat plant and the recycling and partitioning of these nutrients to grain tissues.
Multiaxial and Transparent Strain Sensors Based on Synergetically Reinforced and Orthogonally Cracked Hetero‐Nanocrystal Solids
Authors: Lee Woo Seok , Kim Donggyu , Park Byeonghak , Joh Hyungmok , Woo Ho Kun , Hong Yun‐Kun , Kim Tae‐il , Ha Don‐Hyung , Oh Soong Ju
Published: December 2018

Wearable strain sensors are widely researched as core components in electronic skin. However, their limited capability of detecting only a single axial strain, and their low sensitivity, stability, opacity, and high production costs hinder their use in advanced applications. Herein, multiaxially highly sensitive, optically transparent, chemically stable, and solution‐processed strain sensors are demonstrated. Transparent indium tin oxide and zinc oxide nanocrystals serve as metallic and insulating components in a metal–insulator matrix and as active materials for strain gauges. Synergetic sensitivity‐ and stability‐reinforcing agents are developed using a transparent SU‐8 polymer to enhance the sensitivity and encapsulate the devices, elevating the gauge factor up to over 3000 by blocking the reconnection of cracks caused by the Poisson effect. Cross‐shaped patterns with an orthogonal crack strategy are developed to detect a complex multiaxial strain, efficiently distinguishing strains applied in various directions with high sensitivity and selectivity. Finally, all‐transparent wearable strain sensors with Ag nanowire electrodes are fabricated using an all‐solution process, which effectively measure not only the human motion or emotion, but also the multiaxial strains occurring during human motion in real time. The strategies can provide a pathway to realize cost‐effective and high‐performance wearable sensors for advanced applications such as bio‐integrated devices.
Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by the Integration of Nonfullerene and Fullerene Acceptors with a Broad Composition Tolerance
Authors: Fu Huiting , Li Chao , Bi Pengqing , Hao Xiaotao , Liu Feng , Li Yan , Wang Zhaohui , Sun Yanming
Published: December 2018

The ternary structure that combines fullerene and nonfullerene acceptors in a photoactive layer is demonstrated as an effective approach for boosting the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, highly efficient ternary OSCs comprising a wide‐bandgap polymer donor (PBT1‐C), a narrow‐bandgap nonfullerene acceptor (IT‐2F), and a typical fullerene derivative (PC71BM) are reported. It is found that the addition of PC71BM into the PBT1‐C:IT‐2F blend not only increases the device efficiency up to 12.2%, but also improves the ambient stability of the OSCs. Detailed investigations indicate that the improvement in photovoltaic performance benefits from synergistic effects of increased photon‐harvesting, enhanced charge separation and transport, suppressed trap‐assisted recombination, and optimized film morphology. Moreover, it is noticed that such a ternary system exhibits excellent tolerance to the PC71BM component, for which PCEs over 11.2% can be maintained throughout the whole blend ratios, higher than that (11.0%) of PBT1‐C:IT‐2F binary reference device.
Quantitative High‐Dynamic‐Range Electron Diffraction of Polar Nanodomains in Pb2ScTaO6
Authors: Peters Jonathan J. P. , Sanchez Ana M. , Walker David , Whatmore Roger , Beanland Richard
Published: December 2018

Highly B‐site ordered Pb2ScTaO6 crystals are studied as a function of temperature via dielectric spectroscopy and in situ high‐dynamic‐range electron diffraction. The degree of ordering is examined on the local and macroscopic scale and is determined to be 76%. Novel analysis of the electron diffraction patterns provides structural information with two types of antiferroelectric displacements determined to be present in the polar structure. It is then found that a low‐temperature transition occurs on cooling at ≈210 K that is not present on heating. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of the freezing of dynamic polar nanodomains where a high density of domain walls creates a metastable state.
Recent Advances on Diverse Decarboxylative Reactions of Amino Acids
Authors: Rahman Matiur , Mukherjee Anindita , Kovalev Igor S. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Tsurkan Mikhail V. , Majee Adinath , Ranu Brindaban C. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N. , Santra Sougata
Published: December 2018

This review aims to report recent advances on decarboxylative reactions of amino acids catalyzed by transition metals or non‐metals and the growing opportunities they present in the construction of complex chemical scaffolds for applications encompassing natural product synthesis, synthetic methodology development, and functional materials. Different decarboxylative reactions have been highlighted such as radical, photoredox and metal and metal‐free coupling reactions. etc. The review is divided into two main sections: one deals with reactions via radical pathways and the other via azomethine ylide pathways. The reactions have been discussed in more detail with particular emphasis on their useful applications and mechanistic illustrations.

Abbreviations: 1,3‐DCB: 1,3‐dicyanobenzene; 1,4‐DCB: 1,4‐dicyanobenzene; Acr: acridinium; BI: benziodoxolone; Boc: tert‐butoxycarbonyl; CB: conduction band; CBX: cyanobenziodoxolone; CFL: compact fluorescent lamp; DBU: 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene; DCA: 9,10‐dicyanoanthracene; DCB: 1,2‐dichlorobenzene; DCE: 1,2‐dichloroethane; DDDS: bis(4‐chlorophenyl) disulfide; DIPEA: diisopropylethylamine; DMA: N,N‐dimethylacetamide; DMF: N,N‐dimethylformamide; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; dtbbpy: 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine; DTBP: di‐tert‐butyl peroxide; equiv.: equivalent; ET: electron transfer; h: hour; HE: Hantzsch ester; LED: light‐emitting diode; min: minutes; mL: millilitre; MS: molecular sieves; MW: microwave; nm: nanometer; NS: nanosphere; Nu: nucleophile; ODCB: o‐dichlorobenzene; PA‐1: (±)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl hydrogen phosphate; PC: photocatalyst; PET: photoinduced electron transfer; PEG: polyethylene glycol; PG: protecting group; Phen: phenanthrene; PTA: phosphotungstic acid 44‐hydrate; RNA: ribonucleic acid; r.t.: room temperature; SET: single‐electron transfer; TBAI: tetrabutylammonium iodide; TBHP: tert‐butyl hydroperoxide; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; THF: tetrahydrofuran; TMEDA: N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine; TS: transition state; UV: ultraviolet; VB: valence band; W: watt.

magnified image
Extreme cold consistently reduces seedling growth but has species‐specific effects on browse tolerance in summer
Authors: Guiden Peter W. , Connolly Brian M. , Orrock John L.
Published: December 2018

Premise of the Study

Extreme weather events can injure plants, causing decreased survival. However, we may underestimate the ecological importance of extreme events if they have strong sublethal effects that manifest after several months. We tested the hypothesis that late‐winter extreme‐cold events decrease the ability of woody plants to grow and tolerate stem removal in summer.

Methods

Seedlings from four temperate tree species (Abies balsamea, Pinus resinosa, P. strobus, Quercus rubra) were acclimated to winter conditions in growth chambers, and experienced 1 week of warm temperatures before being exposed to one of three 24‐h extreme‐cold events (minimum temperature: 8°C control, −8°C, or −16°C). Seedlings were then transferred to a greenhouse where we monitored survival and growth. Three months after the extreme‐cold event, we mimicked an herbivore attack by removing either 25% or 75% of new stem growth from seedlings of two species (P. resinosa, Q. rubra).

Key Results

While extreme cold had no immediate effect on seedling survival, the coldest temperature treatment reduced stem growth 51% relative to controls. Stem removal decreased P. resinosa survival in the −16°C treatment, but stem removal treatment had no effect on P. resinosa survival in the intermediate −8°C treatment or 8°C control. Stem removal did not alter Q. rubra survival.

Conclusions

Ephemeral late‐winter cold temperatures can have unappreciated effects on growing‐season seedling dynamics, including growth and herbivory. For predicting how extreme‐cold events might alter large‐scale patterns of tree distribution, seedlings should be monitored throughout the growing season following extreme late‐winter frosts.
Airflow obstruction among ever‐employed U.S. adults aged 18‐79 years by industry and occupation: NHANES 2007‐2008 to 2011‐2012
Authors: Kurth Laura , Doney Brent , Halldin Cara , Hale Janet , Frenk Steven M.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

This study estimated the prevalence of spirometry‐defined airflow obstruction by industry and occupation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among ever‐employed U.S. adults.

Methods

Data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007‐2008 to 2011‐2012, a nationally representative study of the non‐institutionalized civilian U.S. population. Data on respondent's current and/or longest held job were used to create prevalence estimates and adjusted prevalence odds ratios (PORs) for airflow obstruction and COPD.

Results

Among ever‐employed U.S. adults, airflow obstruction prevalence was 12.40% and COPD was 3.47%. High airflow obstruction prevalence and significant PORs were reported in mining; manufacturing; construction; and services to buildings industries as well as extraction; bookbinders, prepress, and printing; installers and repairers; and construction occupations.

Conclusion

Prevalence of airflow obstruction varies by industry and occupation. Industries and occupations with increased risk were identified using the most current NHANES data including detailed occupations and spirometry.