bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining technological properties of drilling muds
Authors: Koroviaka Ye. A , Mekshun M. R , Ihnatov A. O , Ratov B. T , Tkachenko Ya. S , Stavychnyi Ye. M
Published: April 2023

Purpose. To rationalize well washing by considering the influence of the annular channel limitation, granulometric composition of the mud, limitation of the joint movement of mud particles, drill string rotation, shape of the movement channel, and rheological properties of a cleaning agent. Methodology. Applied laboratory studies on the properties of drilling fluids are carried out using modern methods of analytical analysis and experimental studies, in particular, by using general principles of mathematical and physical modelling, methods of processing the results of studies in the EXCEL, MATNSAD environment, control and measuring devices of the laboratory of washing liquids of the Department of Oil-and-Gas Engineering and Drilling of Dnipro University of Technology (hydrometer, viscometer, plastometer, stalagmometer), and materials (technical water, clay bentonite powder, reagents, stabilizers and activators, surfactants as well as equipment and laboratory base of “Ukrnafta” PJSC to carry out certain stages of research. Findings. The properties of surface-active substances and activated washing liquids are analyzed. The main technological properties of drilling fluids are studied. Comprehensive information on the physical and chemical ability of flushing drilling fluids is provided. The main technological measures ensuring the stability of drilling process using activated-surfactant drilling fluids are considered in detail. The main technological principles of determining rational formulations of a selected cleaning agent in the circulation of Newtonian liquids are formulated and substantiated. A detailed description of surfactants, their properties and methods to study the formed solutions is given. Originality. The process of a rock-breaking tool on the well bottom will be stable in the conditions of dynamic equilibrium of the rock-breaking processes and removal of broken products into the annular space. Therefore, for a correct understanding of wellbore washing issues, basic regularities are established of the specified processes and the influence of various factors on these processes. Practical value. It has been proven that in order to give a drilling fluid the necessary properties that, on the one hand, will ensure an increase in the efficiency of rock breaking on the well bottom, and, on the other hand, will create favourable conditions for stable removal of cuttings onto the surface and maintenance of the well walls in a stable condition, it is necessary to apply different methods, in particular chemical activation as well as magnetic, thermal and electrochemical activation, in its different varieties.
Profitability determinants of companies in IT industry: case of Ukraine
Authors: Polchanov A. Yu , Vyhovska N. G , Ostapchuk T. P , Diachek S. M
Published: April 2023

Purpose. To identify patterns of profitability of IT enterprises by quantitative evaluation of the relationship of profitability of enterprises with the structure of capital and assets, taking into account the level of business activity and the main economic activity, as well as the formation of appropriate recommendations. Methodology. The empirical basis of the study was the aggregate performance of enterprises whose main economic activity belongs to Chapter 62 of the NACE “Computer programming, consultancy and related activities” during 2013–2020. Correlation and regression analysis was used to build a multifactor model of linear regression, which describes the dependence of return on assets from the ratio of long-term and short-term liabilities and provisions to liabilities of the balance sheet, the ratio of current assets to balance sheet assets, total assets and main economic activity. Findings. It has been established that the capital structure of IT companies is unsatisfactory due to the dependence on external sources of funding, including current liabilities, which have a negative impact on return on assets. It has been found that the structure of assets is dominated by current assets, the growth of which has a positive impact on the profitability of enterprises in the industry. This indicates the need to optimize non-current assets, given the level of their involvement in the production process. It is proved that by expanding markets, it is possible to ensure further growth in profitability of enterprises in the industry, as business activity has a positive effect on return on assets. The return on assets varies depending on the main type of economic activity. Originality. The relationship is identified between the efficiency of IT companies and the structure of their capital and assets, business activity and type of economic activity. Practical value. The applied value of the study is the ability to predict the profitability of assets of IT companies depending on the structure of sources of funding for their activities and areas of asset placement, business activity and the main type of economic activity. The recommendations can be used to improve the state policy of digital economy in terms of justifying the need to encourage business owners to reinvest profits, to involve enterprises more actively in national digital projects and support the product business model.
Primary Broad Ligament Endometroid Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors:   Consultant Obstetrics and Gynecology, NMC Specialty Hospital, Abu Dhabi (UAE)., Gupta Sunita
Published: April 2023

Since the broad ligament is closely related to other structures, such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, secondary involvement of it due to primary malignancy elsewhere is common. Primary broad ligament malignancies are rare. Only 29 cases of primary broad ligament malignancies have been reported in the literature, out of which only 5 cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma [1]. Generally, the primary broad ligament tumor diagnosis is made retrospectively, intraoperatively, or on histopathological examination, due to its rarity. I have encountered a case where laparotomy and myomectomy were planned with a preoperative diagnosis of large subserous leiomyoma and intramural leiomyoma. Per operatively large friable mass was present between 2 leaves of the broad ligament on the right side, and a large adenomyoma was present in the posterior wall of the uterus. Subsequently, adenomyomectomy and excision of the broad ligament mass was done. On histopathology, the broad ligament mass was diagnosed as endometroid adenocarcinoma, and the uterine mass as an adenomyoma.
ГЕНДЕРНІ АСПЕКТИ ЗВІЛЬНЕННЯ ЧОЛОВІКІВ ТА ЖІНОК ВІД ВІДБУВАННЯ ПОКАРАННЯ З ВИПРОБУВАННЯМ
Authors: Одинцова О. В.
Published: April 2023

Статтю присвячено гендерним аспектам звільнення чоловіків та жінок від відбування покарання у виді позбавлення волі з випробуванням (ч. 1 ст. 75, ч. 1 ст. 79 КК України) в контексті вітчизняного законодавства у сфері забезпечення рівних прав та можливостей жінок і чоловіків (Закон України «Про забезпечення рівних прав та можливостей жінок і чоловіків» від 08.09.2005 № 2866-ІV, Закон України «Про засади запобігання та протидії дискримінації в Україні» від 06.09.2012 № 5207-VI) та проєкту нового Кримінального кодексу. На підставі аналізу положень зазначених законів щодо поняття дискримінації за ознакою статі та форм дискримінації авторкою наведено аргументи на користь відсутності дискримінації за ознакою статі щодо чоловіків, які мають дітей до семи років, при звільненні їх від відбування покарання у виді позбавлення волі з випробуванням на підставі ч. 1 ст. 75 КК України. Наявність у чоловіка дитини віком до семи років сама собою може знижувати істотним чином суспільну небезпечність чоловіка значно рідше в порівнянні з матерями дітей того ж віку, що обумовлено психофізичними й соціальними особливостями останніх. Тому факт наявності в чоловіка дитини віком до семи років має враховуватись судом у комплексі з іншими даними, про які йдеться в ч. 1 ст. 75 КК України; стосовно жінок робити це не обов’язково, що і передбачено ч. 1 ст. 79 КК України. У вітчизняному кримінальному законодавстві тривалий час діяли і поки що діють специфічні кримінально-правові інститути щодо жінок, сформувалось певне сприйняття ст.ст. 75, 79 КК України: сам факт того, що жінка є матір’ю дитини до семи років, розглядається як обставина, що істотно знижує її суспільну небезпечність. З огляду на це, автор не виключає того, що інший, незвичний для вітчизняної практики підхід до реалізації гендерної рівності чоловіків і жінок, реалізований у проєкті нового КК України, може провокувати ситуації, коли суди будуть ігнорувати ті психофізичні й соціальні особливості жінок та чоловіків, які б мали б враховуватись, з огляду на відмінності у їхній біологічній природі.
ПРОБЛЕМА ВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСУ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНИХ ДЕРЖАВНИХ АРХІВІВ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Хромов А. В.
Published: April 2023

У статті порушено питання про те, що в умовах воєнної агресії росії проти України та правового режиму воєнного стану в державі вкрай важливим є забезпечення належного урядування та ефективного адміністрування роботи державних інституцій. Особливо актуальним це є для системи центральних державних архівів, які поєднують у собі функціонал культурних інституцій, органів влади та архівних установ. Для дослідження адміністративно-правового статусу центральних державних архівів, визначення проблемних питань їх належного адміністрування та шляхів розвитку в статті використано загальні наукові та спеціально-юридичні методи: описання та аналізу, хронологічний (історичний), порівняльно-правовий, формально-юридичний та логіко-юридичний.У статті вказано, що система державних архівів України станом на початок 2023 року включає майже півсотні крупних центральних, обласних та галузевих державних архівів, а також сотні архівних відділів районних державних адміністрацій, органів місцевого самоврядування, наукових установ тощо. Оптимізація системи центральних державних архівів з 9 до 7 установ була зумовлена викликами воєнного часу, скороченням фінансування державного сектору в цілому та архівної галузі зокрема. Підготовка до затвердження положень новоутворених центральних державних архівів вчергове виділило наявність колізій права у сфері організації роботи персоналу центральних держархівів та вказало на відсутність правової визначеності організаційно-правової форми цих інституцій. Встановлено, що після ухвалення в 2015 році Закону України «Про державну службу» не було забезпечено приведення у відповідність до національних законодавчих новел нормативно-правових актів архівного законодавства, що спричинило появу колізійних норм та невизначеності в адміністративно-правовому статусі центральних державних архівів України. Констатовано, що колізію між нормами двох спеціальних законів, що регулюють функціонування архівів та державної служби відповідно, доцільно усунути, внісши зміни до підзаконних актів у галузі архівної справи.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРАКТИКИ ВИЛУЧЕННЯ ОРГАНАМИ ДОСУДОВОГО РОЗСЛІДУВАННЯ РЕЧЕЙ І ДОКУМЕНТІВ У СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ
Authors: Лисенко В. В.
Published: April 2023

На основі аналізу судової практики в статті проаналізовано особливості механізмів вилучення в суб’єктів господарювання речей і документів органами досудового розслідування. Виокремлено найбільш поширені недоліки в організації такої діяльності, з огляду на зміст клопотань, що надаються органами досудового розслідування до слідчого судді для отримання дозволів на тимчасовий доступ до речей і документів, проведення обшуків, вилучення майна та його арешту. Розглянуто зміст окремих заходів забезпечення кримінального провадження та слідчих (розшукових) дій з метою отримання для доказового процесу необхідної інформації, що міститься, зокрема, у документах бухгалтерського обліку та податкової звітності. Наголошено на необхідності чітко розуміти, який документообіг використовує у своїй діяльності суб’єкт господарювання та які документи підлягають вилученню. Такий перелік документів залежить від виду кримінального правопорушення, способу його вчинення та приховування слідів злочину, досвіду ведення фінансово-господарських операцій, злочинного досвіду тощо. Важливим є належне оформлення клопотання про надання тимчасового доступу до речей і документів чи на проведення обшуку та точного й повного відображення у клопотанні переліку документів, що підлягають вилученню. Звернено увагу на необхідність повернення власнику (суб’єкту господарювання) майна, яке було, зокрема, вилучено в ході обшуку та не зазначено в клопотанні про дозвіл на його проведення. Аналіз судової практики засвідчив, що слідчий суддя відмовляє в задоволенні клопотання про надання тимчасового доступу чи дозволу на проведення обшуку, якщо клопотання не містить указівок, до яких конкретно документів сторона обвинувачення бажає отримати тимчасовий доступ чи які хоче вилучити в ході обшуку. Головною помилкою органів досудового розслідування є те, що в клопотанні не вказаний конкретний перелік первинних, бухгалтерських документів, щодо яких звертаються до суду про надання тимчасового доступу чи їх вилучення. Визначені особливості тимчасового доступу до електронних інформаційних систем, комп’ютерних систем або їх частин, мобільних терміналів систем, що перебувають у розпорядженні суб’єктів господарювання та виділені недоліки щодо оформлення процесуальних документів.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ УНОРМУВАННЯ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ ЗА КРИМІНАЛЬНІ ПРАВОПОРУШЕННЯ ПРОТИ ВЛАСНОСТІ
Authors: Дудоров О. О. , Мовчан Р. О.
Published: April 2023

У статті проаналізовано окремі положення проєкту нового Кримінального кодексу України, присвячені кримінальним правопорушенням проти власності. Наголос зроблено на з’ясуванні тієї обставини, якою мірою при формулюванні відповідних проєктованих положень узято до уваги здобутки вітчизняної кримінально-правової науки, напрацювання судової практики і релевантний зарубіжний досвід. Указано на дискусійність беззастережного віднесення розглядуваних деліктів до кримінальних правопорушень проти економіки і перспективність їх визнання різновидом кримінальних правопорушень проти людини. Доведено, що назва розділу 6.1 проєкту потребує уточнення з метою її узгодження зі здобутками цивілістики. Аргументовано положення про необхідність внесення ясності з питання про: 1) визнання предметом кримінальних правопорушень проти власності криптовалюти; 2) кваліфікацію «некорисливого» викрадення. Показано, що запропоновані визначення понять «викрадення» і «заволодіння» безпідставно не охоплюють випадки «опосередкованого» шахрайства. Наголошено на необхідності коректного використання термінів «викрадення» і «заволодіння» в межах всього проєкту. Констатовано, що реалізована в проєкті ідея уніфікації відповідальності за всі форми (способи) викрадення не узгоджується з підходами, які знайшли відбиття в інших структурних частинах проєкту, що засвідчує непослідовність його розробників при вирішенні подібних законотворчих питань. Піддано критиці пропозицію авторів проєкту встановити в межах однієї статті кримінального закону відповідальність за заволодінням нерухомістю і правом на річ, а також запропоновано шляхи розв’язання цієї проблеми. Указано на дискусійність збереження існуючого стану речей, за якого криміно-утворювальною ознакою самовільного і безоплатного використання електричної енергії визнається спричинення майнової шкоди. Наведено аргументи на користь положення про доцільність виключення з проєкту ст. 6.1.12 «Незаконні дії з гуманітарною допомогою чи благодійними пожертвами».
Coloring therapy on pictures can reduce hospitalization stress in Pre-School Age Children (3-6 years)
Authors: Karnita Ayunda Eka , Aula Ananda , Nazirah Arni , Aulianita Ike , Evicha Hesti
Published: April 2023

Hospitalization of preschool children is a problematic condition experienced by children because it causes anxiety which can result in child care while in the hospital. The media is needed to divert feelings of anxiety experienced by preschool children to reduce anxiety during hospitalization. The design of this study is the Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. The sampling consisted of 32 preschool children divided into 16 control and 16 treatment groups. This study aimed to determine the effect of coloring play therapy on anxiety in preschool- aged children hospitalized at Mardi Waluyo Hospital, Blitar City. The results showed that in the control and treatment groups, p <0.05 was obtained.
Elucidation of sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid biosynthesis in the oleaginous marine protist Schizochytrium sp.
Authors: Bi Yali , Guo Pengfei , Liu Liangsen , Chen Lei , Zhang Weiwen
Published: April 2023

Sterols constitute vital structural and regulatory components of eukaryotic cells. In the oleaginous microorganism Schizochytrium sp. S31, the sterol biosynthetic pathway primarily produces cholesterol, stigmasterol, lanosterol, and cycloartenol. However, the sterol biosynthesis pathway and its functional roles in Schizochytrium remain unidentified. Through Schizochytrium genomic data mining and a chemical biology approach, we first in silico elucidated the mevalonate and sterol biosynthesis pathways of Schizochytrium. The results showed that owing to the lack of plastids in Schizochytrium, it is likely to use the mevalonate pathway as the terpenoid backbone pathway to supply isopentenyl diphosphate for the synthesis of sterols, similar to that in fungi and animals. In addition, our analysis revealed a chimeric organization of the Schizochytrium sterol biosynthesis pathway, which possesses features of both algae and animal pathways. Temporal tracking of sterol profiles reveals that sterols play important roles in Schizochytrium growth, carotenoid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, the dynamics of fatty acid and transcription levels of genes involved in fatty acid upon chemical inhibitor-induced sterol inhibition reveal possible co-regulation of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, as the inhibition of sterol synthesis could promote the accumulation of fatty acid in Schizochytrium. Sterol and carotenoid metabolisms are also found possibly co-regulated, as the inhibition of sterols led to decreased carotenoid synthesis through down-regulating the gene HMGR and crtIBY in Schizochytrium. Together, elucidation of the Schizochytrium sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid synthesis lay the essential foundation for engineering Schizochytrium for the sustainable production of lipids and high-value chemicals.
COVID-19 stressors for Hispanic/Latino patients living with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study
Authors: Williams Myia S. , Cigaran Edgardo , Martinez Sabrina , Marino Jose , Barbero Paulina , Myers Alyson K. , DiClemente Ralph J. , Goris Nicole , Gomez Valeria Correa , Granville Dilcia , Guzman Josephine , Harris Yael T. , Kline Myriam , Lesser Martin L. , Makaryus Amgad N. , Murray Lawrence M. , McFarlane Samy I. , Patel Vidhi H. , Polo Jennifer , Zeltser Roman , Pekmezaris Renee
Published: April 2023

Background and aim

During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, nationwide lockdowns caused disruption in the diets, physical activities, and lifestyles of patients with type 2 diabetes. Previous reports on the possible association between race/ethnicity, COVID-19, and mortality have shown that Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes who are socioeconomically disadvantaged are disproportionately affected by this novel virus. The aim of this study was to explore stressors associated with changes in diabetes self-management behaviors. Our goal was to highlight the health disparities in these vulnerable racial/ethnic minority communities and underscore the need for effective interventions.

Methods and participants

Participants were enrolled in part of a larger randomized controlled trial to compare diabetes telehealth management (DTM) with comprehensive outpatient management (COM) in terms of critical patient-centered outcomes among Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes. We conducted a thematic analysis using patient notes collected from two research nurses between March 2020 and March 2021. Two authors read through the transcripts independently to identify overarching themes. Once the themes had been identified, both authors convened to compare themes and ensure that similar themes were identified within the transcripts. Any discrepancies were discussed by the larger study team until a consensus was reached.

Results

Six themes emerged, each of which can be categorized as either a source or an outcome of stress. Sources of stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic were (1) fear of contracting COVID-19, (2) disruptions from lockdowns, and (3) financial stressors (e.g., loss of income). Outcomes of COVID-19 stressors were (1) reduced diabetes management (e.g., reduced diabetes monitoring and physical activity), (2) suboptimal mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety and depression), and (3) outcomes of financial stressors.

Conclusion

The findings indicated that underserved Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes encountered a number of stressors that led to the deterioration of diabetes self-management behaviors during the pandemic.
The analysis of immunogenic cell death induced by ablation at different temperatures in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Wang Mengdong , Duan Yaxin , Yang Mao , Guo Yongfei , Li Fengtan , Wang Junping , Si Tongguo
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Ablation therapy is a commonly used tool in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). After ablation, dying cancer cells release a variety of substances that trigger subsequent immune responses. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been a trending topic in recent years and has been discussed many times along with oncologic chemotherapy. However, the subject of ablative therapy and ICDs has been little discussed. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ablation treatment induces ICD in HCC cells and whether different types of ICDs arise because of different ablation temperatures.

Methods: Four different HCC cell lines (H22, Hepa-16, HepG2 and SMMC7221) were cultured and treated under different temperatures (−80°C, −40°C, 0°C, 37°C, and 60°C). Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to analyze the viability of different cell lines. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry assay, and a few ICD-related cytokines (calreticulin, ATP, high mobility group box 1, and CXCL10) were detected by immunofluorescence or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: The apoptosis rate of all kinds of cells increased significantly in −80°C group (p < 0.01) and 60°C group (p < 0.01). The expression levels of ICD-related cytokines were mostly significantly different between the different groups. For calreticulin, Hepa1-6 cells and SMMC7221 cells showed significantly higher protein expression levels in 60°C group (p < 0.01) and significantly lower protein expression levels −80°C group (p < 0.01). The ATP, high mobility group box 1 and CXCL10 expression levels were significantly higher in 60°C, −80°C and −40°C group of all four cell lines (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Different ablative treatments could induce different types of ICDs in HCC cells, providing a promising track for the development of individualized cancer therapies.
The emerging roles of Shank3 in cardiac function and dysfunction
Authors: Kim Yoonhee , Ko Tae Hee , Jin Chunmei , Zhang Yinhua , Kang Hyae Rim , Ma Ruiying , Li Huiling , Choi Jong-Il , Han Kihoon
Published: April 2023

Shank3 is a member of the Shank family proteins (Shank1–3), which are abundantly present in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of neuronal excitatory synapses. As a core scaffold in the PSD, Shank3 plays a critical role in organizing the macromolecular complex, ensuring proper synaptic development and function. Clinically, various mutations of the SHANK3 gene are causally associated with brain disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. However, recent in vitro and in vivo functional studies and expression profiling in various tissues and cell types suggest that Shank3 also plays a role in cardiac function and dysfunction. For example, Shank3 interacts with phospholipase Cβ1b (PLCβ1b) in cardiomyocytes, regulating its localization to the sarcolemma and its role in mediating Gq-induced signaling. In addition, changes in cardiac morphology and function associated with myocardial infarction and aging have been investigated in a few Shank3 mutant mouse models. This review highlights these results and potential underlying mechanisms, and predicts additional molecular functions of Shank3 based on its protein interactors in the PSD, which are also highly expressed and function in the heart. Finally, we provide perspectives and possible directions for future studies to better understand the roles of Shank3 in the heart.
Different facial cues for different speech styles in Mandarin tone articulation
Authors: Garg Saurabh , Hamarneh Ghassan , Sereno Joan , Jongman Allard , Wang Yue
Published: April 2023

Visual facial information, particularly hyperarticulated lip movements in clear speech, has been shown to benefit segmental speech perception. Little research has focused on prosody, such as lexical tone, presumably because production of prosody primarily involves laryngeal activities not necessarily distinguishable through visible articulatory movements. However, there is evidence that head, eyebrow, and lip movements correlate with production of pitch-related variations. One subsequent question is whether such visual cues are linguistically meaningful. In this study, we compare movements of the head, eyebrows and lips associated with plain (conversational) vs. clear speech styles of Mandarin tone articulation to examine the extent to which clear-speech modifications involve signal-based overall exaggerated facial movements or code-based enhancement of linguistically relevant articulatory movements. Applying computer-vision techniques to recorded speech, visible movements of the frontal face were tracked and measured for 20 native Mandarin speakers speaking in two speech styles: plain and clear. Thirty-three head, eyebrow and lip movement features based on distance, time, and kinematics were extracted from each individual tone word. A random forest classifier was used to identify the important features that differentiate the two styles across tones and for each tone. Mixed-effects models were then performed to determine the features that were significantly different between the two styles. Overall, for all the four Mandarin tones, we found longer duration and greater movements of the head, eyebrows, and lips in clear speech than in plain speech. Additionally, across tones, the maximum movement happened relatively earlier in clear than plain speech. Although limited evidence of tone-specific modifications was also observed, the cues involved overlap with signal-based changes. These findings suggest that visual facial tonal modifications for clear speech primarily adopt signal-based general emphatic cues that strengthen signal saliency.
Anesthetic management of patients undergoing cardiac myxoma resection: a single-center retrospective analysis
Authors: Qi Wei , Yu Xiao-lu , Yang Da-xuan , Hu Xu-kai , Chen Jun-ping , Yao Yun-tai ,   the Evidence in Cardiovascular Anesthesia (EICA) Group
Published: April 2023

Background

Myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors. Intracardiac myxomas, although benign, could cause serious consequences such as tricuspid or mitral valve obstruction, hemodynamic collapse, and acute heart failure, which pose challenges during anesthetic management. The current study was designed to summarize the anesthetic management of patients undergoing cardiac myxoma resection.

Methods

This study was performed retrospectively from the perioperative period of patients who underwent myxoma resection. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether the myxoma prolapsed into the ventricle (group O) or not (group N) to evaluate the impact of tricuspid or mitral valve with obstruction.

Results

110 patients, aged 17–78 years, undergoing cardiac myxoma resection between January 2019 and December 2021 were collected, and their perioperative characteristics were recorded. In the preoperative evaluation, common clinical symptoms included dyspnea and palpitation, whereas embolic events occurred in 8 patients, including 5 (4.5%) cerebral thromboembolic events, 2 (1.8%) femoral artery, and 1 (0.9%) obstructive coronary artery. According to the echocardiography, left atrial myxoma was detected in 104 (94.5%) patients, the average dimension of myxoma was 4.03 cm ± 1.52 cm in the largest diameter, and 48 patients were divided into group O. During intraoperative anesthetic management, hemodynamic instability occurred in 38 (34.5%) patients after anesthesia induction. More patients in group O had hemodynamic instability (47.9% vs. 24.2%, p = 0.009) than in group N. The mean postoperative length of stay in the hospital was 10.64 ± 3.01 days, and most of the patients made an uneventful postoperative recovery.

Conclusions

Anesthetic management for myxoma resection can be composed by assessing the myxoma, particularly the echocardiography evaluation and preventing cardiovascular instability. Typically, tricuspid or mitral valve with obstruction is a premier ingredient in anesthetic management.
The initiation and maintenance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron identity in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Chung Wilson CJ , Tsai Pei-San
Published: April 2023

Neurons that secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) drive vertebrate reproduction. Genetic lesions that disrupt these neurons in humans lead to congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) and reproductive failure. Studies on CHH have largely focused on the disruption of prenatal GnRH neuronal migration and postnatal GnRH secretory activity. However, recent evidence suggests a need to also focus on how GnRH neurons initiate and maintain their identity during prenatal and postnatal periods. This review will provide a brief overview of what is known about these processes and several gaps in our knowledge, with an emphasis on how disruption of GnRH neuronal identity can lead to CHH phenotypes.
Predictors of tropical cyclone-induced urban tree failure: an international scoping review
Authors: Salisbury Allyson B. , Koeser Andrew K. , Andreu Michael G. , Chen Yujuan , Freeman Zachary , Miesbauer Jason W. , Herrera-Montes Adriana , Kua Chai-Shian , Nukina Ryo Higashiguchi , Rockwell Cara A. , Shibata Shozo , Thorn Hunter , Wang Benyao , Hauer Richard J.
Published: April 2023

Background

Trees are critical components of rural and urban ecosystems throughout the world. While they have adapted to the historic conditions of their native environments, climate change, urbanization, and human-assisted range expansion may test the storm resiliency of many tree species.

Objective

In this global multilingual scoping review, we investigate a range of intrinsic (i.e., tree characteristics) and external (i.e., environmental and management) factors which have been used to predict tree failure during tropical cyclones.

Design

We searched online databases and journals in English, Chinese, French, Japanese, Portuguese, and Spanish to find peer-reviewed papers and dissertations. We retained papers that used ground-based methods to study tree damage following a tropical cyclone and conducted a statistical analysis of factors that influence tree resistance to damage. From each paper we extracted details of study methods, and the relationships between damage and predictors.

Results

Our efforts generated 65 peer-reviewed papers and dissertations that met our final criteria for inclusion (i.e., data on the relative proportion of trees failed/intact as assessed no more than a year after the storm event). Of these papers 37 independent variables were assessed to predict tree failure. Research in both urban and rural settings tends to be concentrated in regions frequently impacted by tropical cyclones. Characteristics of species such as wood density have been studied in rural environments and are also relevant predictors for tree failure in urban trees. Environmental characteristics unique to urban settings such as planting areas surrounded by pavement need further research. Several urban studies demonstrate that risk assessment methods can predict tree failure during a storm.

Conclusion

Results can be used by future storm researchers to identify both predictors may warrant inclusion in their models as well as predictors which have yet to be tested. Results can also inform planning and activities that can mitigate tropical cyclone damage to the urban forest.
Serological analysis of allergic components of house dust mite provides more insight in epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptom development in North China
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhao Lan , Wang Jiaofeng , Guo Yinshi , Wang Yifei , Zhang Lishan , Wu Zhoujie , Zhu Mingzhi , Yang Xukai , Xu Puyang , Wu Shandong , Gao Zhongshan , Sun Jin-Lyu
Published: April 2023

Background

House dust mite (HDM) is the most common airborne source causing complex allergy symptoms. There are geographic differences in the allergen molecule sensitization profiles. Serological testing with allergen components may provide more clues for diagnosis and clinical management.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the sensitization profile of eight HDM allergen components in a large number of patients enrolled in the clinic and to analyze the relation of gender, age, and clinical symptoms in North China.

Methods

The 548 serum samples of HDM-allergic patients (ImmunoCAP® d1 or d2 IgE ≥0.35) were collected in Beijing City and divided in four different age groups and three allergic symptoms. The specific IgE of HDM allergenic components, Der p 1/Der f 1, Der p 2/Der f 2, Der p 7, Der p 10, Der p 21, and Der p 23, was measured using the micro-arrayed allergen test kit developed by Hangzhou Zheda Dixun Biological Gene Engineering Co., Ltd. The new system was validated by comparing to single-component Der p 1, Der p 2, and Der p 23 tests by ImmunoCAP in 39 sera. The epidemiological study of these IgE profiles and the relation to age and clinical phenotypes were analyzed.

Results

A greater proportion of male patients was in the younger age groups, while more female patients were in the adult groups. Both the sIgE levels and the positive rates (approximately 60%) against Der p 1/Der f 1 and Der p 2/Der f 2 were higher than for the Der p 7, Der p 10, and Der p 21 components (below 25%). The Der f 1 and Der p 2 positive rates were higher in 2–12-year-old children. The Der p 2 and Der f 2 IgE levels and positive rates were higher in the allergic rhinitis group. The positive rates of Der p 10 increased significantly with age. Der p 21 is relevant in allergic dermatitis symptom, while Der p 23 contributes to asthma development.

Conclusion

HDM groups 1 and 2 were the major sensitizing allergens, with group 2 being the most important component relevant to respiratory symptoms in North China. The Der p 10 sensitization tends to increase with age. Der p 21 and Der p 23 might be associated with the development of allergic skin disease and asthma, respectively. Multiple allergen sensitizations increased the risk of allergic asthma.
Novel targeted inhibition of the IL-5 axis for drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome
Authors: Rubin Limor , Talmon Aviv , Ribak Yaarit , Kessler Asa , Martin Yossi , Haran Tal Keidar , Shamriz Oded , Adini Irit , Tal Yuval
Published: April 2023

Background

The drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome represents a severe hypersensitivity reaction. Up-to-date treatment is based on withdrawal of medication, supportive care, and immunosuppression using high-dose corticosteroid (CS) therapy. However, evidence-based data are lacking regarding second-line therapy for steroid-resistant or steroid-dependent patients.

Objectives

We hypothesize that the interleukin (IL)-5 axis plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of DRESS; hence, inhibition of this signaling pathway could offer a potential therapy for steroid-dependent and/or steroid-resistant cases, and it may offer an alternative to CS therapy in certain patients more prone to CS toxicity.

Methods

Herein, we collected worldwide data on DRESS cases treated with biological agents targeting the IL-5 axis. We reviewed all cases indexed in PubMed up to October 2022 and performed a total analysis including our center experience with two additional novel cases.

Results

A review of the literature yielded 14 patients with DRESS who were treated with biological agents targeting the IL-5 axis as well as our two new cases. Reported patients are characterized by a female-to-male ratio of 1:1 and a mean age of 51.8 (17–87) years. The DRESS-inducing drugs, as expected from the prospective RegiSCAR study, were mostly antibiotics (7/16), as follows: vancomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and cefepime. DRESS patients were treated with anti-IL-5 agents (mepolizumab and reslizumab) or anti-IL-5 receptor (IL-5R) biologics (benralizumab). All patients have clinically improved under anti-IL-5/IL-5R biologics. Multiple doses of mepolizumab were needed to achieve clinical resolution, whereas a single dose of benralizumab was often sufficient. Relapse was noted in one patient receiving benralizumab treatment. One patient receiving benralizumab had a fatal outcome, although mortality was probably related to massive bleeding and cardiac arrest due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Conclusion

Current treatment guidelines for DRESS are based on case reports and expert opinion. Understanding the central role of eosinophils in DRESS pathogenicity emphasizes the need for future implementation of IL-5 axis blockade as steroid-sparing agents, potential therapy to steroid-resistant cases, and perhaps an alternative to CS treatment in certain DRESS patients more prone to CS toxicity.
Promising immunotherapeutic targets in lung cancer based on single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Xue Qianqian , Peng Wenbei , Zhang Siyu , Wei Xiaoshan , Ye Linlin , Wang Zihao , Xiang Xuan , Zhang Pei , Zhou Qiong
Published: April 2023

Immunotherapy has made great strides in the treatment of lung cancer, but a significant proportion of patients still do not respond to treatment. Therefore, the identification of novel targets is crucial to improving the response to immunotherapy. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex niche composed of diverse pro-tumor molecules and cell populations, making the function and mechanism of a unique cell subset difficult to understand. However, the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has made it possible to identify cellular markers and understand their potential functions and mechanisms in the TME. In this review, we highlight recent advances emerging from scRNA-seq studies in lung cancer, with a particular focus on stromal cells. We elucidate the cellular developmental trajectory, phenotypic remodeling, and cell interactions during tumor progression. Our review proposes predictive biomarkers and novel targets for lung cancer immunotherapy based on cellular markers identified through scRNA-seq. The identification of novel targets could help improve the response to immunotherapy. The use of scRNA-seq technology could provide new strategies to understand the TME and develop personalized immunotherapy for lung cancer patients.
Biological treatment for bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Oren-Shabtai Meital , Mimouni Daniel , Nosrati Adi , Atzmony Lihi , Kaplan Baruch , Barzilai Aviv , Baum Sharon
Published: April 2023

Background

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune subepidermal bullous disease. Topical or systemic corticosteroids are often used as the first-line treatment. However, long-term corticosteroid use may lead to significant side effects. Therefore, various adjuvant immunosuppressant therapies are used as steroid-sparing agents, with accumulating reports of biological treatments for severely recalcitrant BP.

Objective

To describe the clinical and immunological features of a series of patients with recalcitrant BP treated with immunobiological therapies. To assess the efficacy and safety of their therapies.

Methods

Patients receiving biological treatment for BP from two centers were assessed. Here, we described the clinical, immunopathological, and immunofluorescence findings of adult patients with BP and analyzed the clinical response and adverse events associated with various biological therapies.

Results

We identified nine eligible patients treated with rituximab (seven), omalizumab (three), or dupilumab (one). The mean age at diagnosis was 60.4 years, the average BP duration before biologic initiation was 1.9 years, and the average previous treatment failure was 2.11 therapies. The mean follow-up period from the first biological treatment to the last visit was 29.3 months. Satisfactory response, defined as clinical improvement, was achieved in 78% (7) of the patients, and total BP clearance was achieved in 55% (5) of the patients at the last follow-up visit. Additional rituximab courses improved the disease outcomes. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

Efficient and safe novel therapies can be considered in recalcitrant steroid-dependent BP non-responsive to conventional immunosuppressant therapies.
A spatial explicit vulnerability assessment for a coastal socio-ecological Natura 2000 site
Authors: Genua-Olmedo Ana , Verutes Gregory M. , Teixeira Heliana , Sousa Ana I. , Lillebø Ana I.
Published: April 2023

In line with the global trend, the Ria de Aveiro coastal lagoon is subjected to multiple co-occurring pressures threatening vital benefits flowing from nature to people. The main objective of this research was to assess the status of habitats important for ecosystem services in the Ria de Aveiro by identifying vulnerable areas to anthropogenic threats. The pressures from seven relevant human activities (recreation, services, aquaculture, agriculture, commercial development, unintended impacts from management, and invasive alien species) were analysed based on their spatiotemporal distribution (exposure) and impact over the EUNIS habitats (EUNIS codes A2.2, A2.22 – sand flats and beaches; A2.3 – mud flats; A2.61 – seagrasses; A2.5, A2.53C, A2.535, A2.545, A2.554 – salt marshes; and, X10 – ‘Bocage,’ a landscape of small-hedged fields) in seven distinct landscape units. A prospective scenario, co-developed for the year 2030, was evaluated using a map-based risk assessment tool and brought forward the near-term vulnerability of the seagrass biotope. The highest risks posed to intertidal habitats (mud flats and salt marshes) were driven mainly by environmental management activities that support critical socio-economic sectors. Our methodology evaluated plausible threats to habitats in the near term, established baseline knowledge for the adaptive management process in Ria de Aveiro Natura 2000 site, and showcased how future assessments can inform the operationalization of ecosystem-based management as new information becomes available.
Topographic evolution of tidal flats based on remote sensing: an example in Jiangsu coast, Southern Yellow Sea
Authors: Kang Yanyan , Lei Jun , Wang Minjing , Li Guiping , Ding Xianrong
Published: April 2023

The topographic evolution of tidal flats is critical for local ecological conservation, coastal zone management, and physical oceanographic studies. However, obtaining this knowledge is often challenging due to the lack of frequently updated topographic data over large areas. With the explosion of remotely sensed data, the waterline method has become the most operational method for tidal flat topography acquisition. In this study, digital elevation models (DEMs) of the tidal flats around Tongzhou Bay on the Jiangsu coast were constructed using the waterline method for three periods (2013, 2015, and 2017) before and after the construction of phase I of the reclamation project. Furthermore, the topographic evolution characteristics were analyzed from four aspects: contours, area changes, erosion–deposition distribution, and typical cross-sections. The results showed that: 1) During the 5 years from 2013 to 2017, the overall tidal flat area (500 km2) of Tongzhou Bay on the Jiangsu coast had been in a state of deposition, with a total siltation thickness of 0.19 m. 2) The reclamation activities affected the topography of the tidal flats quickly, but the recovery was also rapid. During the implementation of the project (in 2015), the area of the tidal flats above the −2-m contour was rapidly reduced by 20 km2 but rapidly recovered to the pre-project level after the completion of the project (in 2017). 3) The reclamation project directly affected the distribution of erosion and siltation. Outside the seawall on the east side of the Yaosha sand ridge, the 0-m contour expanded rapidly to the outer sea, reaching more than 250 m/year. 4) The sandbars in Tongzhou Bay on the Jiangsu coast generally had a southward-moving trend. Over the past 40 years, the Yaosha sand ridge had shifted southward by 2,500 m and the Lengjiasha sand ridge by more than 5,000 m. This study provides a remote sensing solution for the topographic evolution of large tidal flats under the influence of human reclamation activities.
Numerical simulation of inductive heating in thermoplastic unidirectional cross-ply laminates
Authors: de Wit A. J. , van Hoorn N. , Straathof L. S. , Vankan W. J.
Published: April 2023

Thermoplastic Composites can be re-melted allowing them to be joined via welding. This is an attractive alternative to conventional methods that are used to join thermoset composite parts such as mechanical fastening and adhesive bonding. In this work the inductive heating of uni-directional (UD) plies of thermoplastic carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates is investigated. The focus is on developing a numerical electromagnetic and thermal simulation model that captures the main processes involved in eddy current generation and heat generation, in particular in the interface areas of the UD plies. A measurement technique has been developed to obtain the electric properties of the ply material. Furthermore, to support the modelling of both the induction heating equipment and work piece a field measurement of the magnetic field surrounding the coil and work piece has been developed. Inductive heating experiments were carried out on several thick composite laminate plates with different ply lay-ups to compare and validate the electro-magnetic-thermal simulation model. The measured surface temperatures were compared with the results from the simulation model. The results of this work can be used to support the design of UD-ply laminates to improve their ability to be welded via inductive heating. In addition, the results of this work can be used to assist in pre-determining induction welding equipment settings and heating times.