bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O conceito de fração – o conhecimento de professores do 1.º ciclo
Authors: Cardoso Paula , Mamede Ema
Published: November 2015

Este estudo centra-se no conceito de fração de professores do 1.º ciclo do ensino básico. Analisa o conhecimento destes professores sobre as diferentes interpretações de fração referidas nos documentos curriculares (parte-todo, quociente, operador e medida), para aquele nível de ensino. O conceito de fração é considerado fundamental na aprendizagem matemática e, simultaneamente, um dos conceitos mais complexos que os alunos aprendem durante o ensino básico. A investigação tem revelado ainda que os próprios professores consideram difícil o ensino do conceito de fração. As orientações curriculares recentes requerem conhecimentos matemáticos e didáticos inovadores, na medida em que exigem que os professores ensinem novos tópicos matemáticos de um modo mais alargado e aprofundado. As frações constituem um desses novos tópicos. O domínio das frações pressupõe conhecer o conceito e suas propriedades, efetuar traduções entre os diferentes modos de representação e dominar as diferentes interpretações de frações, além de integrar e reconhecer todos estes aspetos no âmbito do conjunto dos números racionais. Torna-se então fundamental conhecer melhor as conceções dos professores sobre o conceito de fração e seu ensino. Este propósito motivou o estudo apresentado nesta comunicação, mediante a procura de resposta às seguintes questões: 1) Que conhecimentos têm os professores sobre o conceito de fração? 2) Que conhecimentos têm sobre alguns dos significados de fração, nomeadamente os significados quociente, parte-todo e operador? Recorreu-se à entrevista semi-estruturada, aplicada individualmente a trinta professores do 1.º ciclo. As questões da entrevista abordavam o conceito e propriedade de frações e as interpretações de fração, entre outros aspetos. Os resultados sugerem que o significado quociente é desconhecido da maioria dos entrevistados; os professores não dominam plenamente os significados parte-todo e operador, apesar de familiarizados com os mesmos; dificilmente reconhecem o conjunto dos números racionais como um conjunto denso; mais ainda, os professores manifestam ideias pouco claras sobre a abordagem às frações nas suas aulas. Assim, em termos do conhecimento matemático para o ensino, os professores revelaram fragilidades no domínio do conhecimento de conteúdo e no domínio do conhecimento didático. Estes resultados justificariam a promoção de ações de formação contínua no âmbito dos números racionais, quer ao nível do conhecimento de conteúdo, quer ao nível do conhecimento didático.
Capacitación profesional de los futuros profesores de música de Educación Primaria
Authors: López-de-la-Calle Maria Ángeles
Published: November 2015

La necesidad de una formación musical efectiva que capacite a los futuros profesionales de la Educación Primaria para una enseñanza de la música de calidad ha impulsado el estudio que se presenta. Esta comunicación presenta una investigación sobre un modelo de capacitación profesional para futuros profesores de música de Primaria. Se sitúa en el contexto de un curso  de postgrado en Inglaterra conocido con las siglas PGCE (Postgraduate Certificate in Education). El objetivo de este postgrado de primaria es claramente el de la profesionalización en la docencia y tanto el proceso de formación como el de evaluación se comparte entre la institución universitaria y los centros de prácticas. La finalidad del estudio era investigar sobre las actitudes y percepciones de los futuros maestros de educación primaria especialistas en música y de sus formadores en relación a los objetivos, estructura y contenidos del curso de postgrado. Se analizan su vínculo con el desarrollo de las destrezas profesionales relacionadas más directamente con la enseñanza de la música, es decir, referidas al conocimiento de la materia y a su pedagogía. En la recogida de datos se ha optado por una metodología múltiple que permitiera una visión lo más amplia y completa posible del tema de estudio. Los instrumentos empleados para la recogida de datos han sido análisis de documentos, observaciones, cuestionarios y entrevistas. Durante la recogida de la información se ha garantizado en todo momento el anonimato de los participantes, tanto de los individuos como de las instituciones. En los resultados los futuros docentes advierten que el programa de formación para la música es muy completo especialmente en términos de desarrollo de conocimiento de la materia. Las destrezas profesionales mejor valoradas por los futuros docentes son las que se refieren al conocimiento del Currículo Nacional de Música y de sus estrategias de implementación. El patrón de formación que se sigue de cuatro días a la semana en el centro de prácticas y un día en el centro universitario presenta cierta controversia puesto que limita, según los estudiantes, las oportunidades para la formación musical.
O restabelecer dos vínculos entre a ciência, escola e a comunidade através do pensamento complexo
Authors: Eidt Paulino , Sopelsa Ortenila
Published: November 2015

A agonia planetária é efeito e produto do paradigma cartesiano e da solidez que adquiriu ao longo do tempo. O presente artigo se propõe, por meio de um estudo teórico, a compreender o ser humano e a educação mediante a complexidade. Nesta acepção, é necessário pensar o conhecimento como algo inseparável da vida, já que este permite vivenciar a experiência de ressignificar os sentidos e contribui para semear a reflexão sobre uma educação que possa integrar o Ser e o Saber. O saber tem historicidade. As pessoas são frutos do movimento histórico e do espaço geográfico e cultural onde nasceram e vivem. En­raizados num conjunto de tradições históricas preexistentes, o ensino e aprendizagem ocorrem espontaneamente, sem que, na maioria das vezes, os próprios participantes dele tenham consci­ência. O Conhecimento e o saber emergem da tradição. Resultados apontam que a religação dos saberes na escola perpassa necessariamente pela reflexão acerca do saber transmitido pela tradição e pela interação entre os indivíduos.
La formación del profesorado de educación secundaria en Italia y en España
Authors: D'atia Ornella , Mosquera-Gende Ingrid
Published: November 2015

Mediante las últimas reformas educativas llevadas a cabo, y con cualquier reforma educativa en general, sepretende adecuar los sistemas de enseñanza a los requerimientos de la sociedad, adaptándolos, además,a la normativa europea,y asegurando, igualmente, la consecución de una buena formación del profesorado, para un óptimo aprendizaje de los discentes.Este trabajo se centrará en ese último aspecto mencionado, la formación del profesorado, desde un punto de vista comparativo, estableciendo un paralelismo entre la formación y criterios necesarios para ejercer como profesor de educación secundaria en España y en Italia. La elección de estos dos países,por parte de las autoras de esta comunicación, se debe a su observación y experiencia personal, de cómo un creciente número de alumnos de nacionalidad italiana están decidiendo realizar el Máster Universitario de Formación de Profesorado de Secundaria, de diversas especialidades, en universidades españolas. Un primer paso para analizar este trasvase será esta comparación teórica, que debería contar, en un segundo estadio más avanzado, con un estudio de camposobre los agentes implicados. Teniendo todo lo anterior en consideración, y para lograr esa aproximación teórica inicial, en primer lugar, se mostrarán las principales características de los sistemas educativos en España y en Italia, centrándose en una presentación de las diferentes etapas educativas y prestando especial atención a la etapa de secundaria.En segundo lugar, se analizarán los requisitos necesarios, en los dos países, para poder ejercer como docente en la citada etapa educativa.Por último, en tercer lugar, se sopesaránlos aspectos fuertes y débiles deducidos de los dos puntos anteriores, proponiendo posibles mejorasa partir de los datos analizados y de las consideraciones hechas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo es comparar, de forma teórica, la formación del profesorado de educación secundaria en ambos países, incluyendolos estudios y requisitos que se necesitan para poder ejercer como profesor en dicha etapa educativa.
Experimental warming altered rates of carbon processes, allocation, and carbon storage in a tallgrass prairie
Authors: Shi Zheng , Xu Xia , Hararuk Oleksandra , Jiang Lifen , Xia Jianyang , Liang Junyi , Li Dejun , Luo Yiqi
Published: November 2015

Climate warming affects ecosystem functioning by altering the rates of carbon (C) fixation and release. Modeling warming effect on terrestrial C cycling is critical given the feedbacks between climate and C cycling. However, the effect of warming on key model parameters and the resulting long‐term C dynamics has not been carefully examined. In this study, measurements from a nine‐year warming experimental site in a tallgrass prairie were assimilated into a terrestrial ecosystem C cycle model to assess warming effect on key model parameters and to quantify uncertainties of long‐term C projection. Warming decreased allocation of gross primary production (GPP) to shoot, and turnover rate of the live C pools (i.e., shoot and root C), but increased the turnover rates of litter and fast soil C pools. Consequently, warming increased live C pools, but decreased litter and soil C pools, and overall decreased total ecosystem C in a 90‐year model projection. Information content gained from assimilated datasets was much greater for plant, litter and fast soil C pools than for slow and passive soil C pools. Sensitivity analysis revealed that fast turnover C pools were most sensitive to their turnover rates and modest to C‐input related parameters on both short‐term and long‐term time scales. However, slow turnover C pools were sensitive to turnover rate and C input in long‐term prediction, not in short‐term prediction. As a result, total soil and ecosystem C pools were generally insensitive to any parameter in short term, but determined by turnover rates of the fast, slow and passive soil C and transfer coefficients from upstream C to slow and passive C pools. Our findings suggest that data assimilation is an effective tool to explore the effect of warming on C dynamics; the nine‐year field data contribute more information for the fast C processes than for the slow C processes; and C cycle model parameters change with warming, and models need to account for that phenomenon not to produce bias in C projections. However, warming‐induced changes in parameter values also suggest that some important ecosystem processes may be missing or not adequately represented in the ecosystem C models.
The attitude of Serbian neo-Nazis towards capitalism: Analysis of neo-Nazi web portals, blogs, forums, Facebook and Twitter
Authors: Markovic Aleksandra
Published: November 2015

The focal point of this paper is to analyze the relation of modern-day
Serbian neo-Nazis toward capitalism. Bearing in mind the context and
conditions of emerging fascism in Europe of the twentieth century, apart from
the fact that it exposes the essence of the basic theme, this research may
have a perspective scientific and practical significance. Namely, the fascism
is only one of the many forms of capitalism rescue in periods of crisis. At
the time when fascism came into the European scene, ruling bourgeoisie was
threatened by a growing labor movement, by blocked possibilities of expansion
of capital, and by crisis of overproduction which is, due to its essential
irrationality and lack of plan, specific only for capitalism. Today, in the
case of a renewed national homogenization of capital, which is risky to
predict after a crisis that happened back in 2008, it is possible that
resurgence of fascist and Nazi forms of advocacy of transformation of
capitalism in crisis could happen. The three most significant neo-Nazi
organizations in Serbia today are Srbski Obraz, Nacionalni stroj and Srbska
akcija. The injunction of the first two organizations and the illegal
character of the Nazi organization prevent face to face data collection,
which is why the Internet is used as a primary source of information - web
portals, blogs, forums and social networks.
Ideology in popular culture: The proposal of theoretical interpretational framework
Authors: Zvijer Nemanja
Published: November 2015

The paper gives a proposal of theoretical-interpretive framework for studying
the relationship between ideology and popular culture. It will start with two
relatively similar analytical approach to ideology, and after their partial
consideration it will be offered some definitions of that phenomenon. After
that, it will be considered the theoretical insights of some authors who have
dealt with the issue of connection between ideology and popular culture.
Also, something will be said about the ways of ideological (re)producing in
the popular culture, but also about the forms of potential symbolic
resistance to ideological domination that can be developed within it.
Russian religion and Russian philosophy
Authors: Kazin Aleksandar
Published: November 2015

In the article the author tells us about the religious essence of Russian
philosophy as its basic characteristic since in was founded in the middle of
the 19th century until now. Russian philosophy never existed or couldn?t have
existed in the European state of mind because it?s essentially a philosophic
interpretation of religious faith. According to the author?s opinion,
European philosophy, as a whole, has left the borders of the Christian
spiritual plain by making the anthropocentric principle of thinking the
absolute, which took it into positivism and nihilism. Russian philosophy
hasn?t left the Christian spiritual field and has kept a theocentric
(classical) type of thinking till the present day. The stand-point of the
believing mind which rejects transcendental, as well as any other self
foundation of the European philosophy. From the beginning until the present
day, Russian philosophy has been opposed to the Descartes-Kant?s way of
thinking. Western modern philosophy killed God intellectualy, and postmodern
killed the Man as well, moving its philosophy into an empty space of
?transindividual constructions?. Ivan Kirejevski founded an
ontological-gbnoseological model of Russian secular Christian philosophy in
the middle of the 19th century, and from that, later, other branches of
Russian philosophy developed: ontological-cultural (Danilevski, Leontjev),
ontological-anthropological (Solovjov, Berdjajev, Ern). Briefly, Russian
philosophy is what Russian national culture, based on Orthodox Christian
views, can say about the World and the Man using the conceptual language.
Question of interpretation of a part of the text in the Life of Saint Simeon written by Saint Sava (IX H 8 [S 10])
Authors: Rakicevic Tihon
Published: November 2015

Saint Sava wrote in 1206/7 the Life of Saint Simeon (Zitije Svetog Simeona)
preserved as the copy no. IX H 8 [S 10]. Saint Sava did not complete this
work, but it was, to a large extent, taken from a sermon of Theodore the
Studite (written before 826 AD). So far there have not been any ambiguities
regarding this text, starting from the issue of Pavol J. Saf?rik from 1851
onwards. However, due to the lack of a full stop between two sentences in the
final part of the Life of Saint Simeo, there is a possibility of different
interpretations of that part (sheet 116a, line 4). When comparing the
aforementioned part of the text (sheet 116a, line 4) with the oldest Serbian
Church Slavonic (Hilandar 387; Decani 87; HAZU IV d 4) and ancient Greek
(Ambrosianus gr. C 02 sup.; Parisinus gr. 1018; Ottobonianus gr. 251;
Ambrosianus gr. E 101 sup.) manuscripts containing Studite?s sentences, which
Sava followed as models, previous interpretations can be questioned.
Objectivization of moral damage
Authors: Karanikic-Miric Marija
Published: November 2015

Moral (non-patrimonial) damage in Serbian law includes physical and
psychological pain and suffering, and fear of sufficient duration and
intensity. This is a purely subjective concept of moral damage: the mere
infringement of non-patrimonial rights, or violation of personal goods as
objects of these rights, does not constitute moral damage, unless they caused
the plaintiff?s physical or psychological pain, or fear, and disturbed his or
her mental equilibrium. Objectivization of moral damage is a change in this
paradigm, towards the understanding of moral damage as an abstract
infringement of a non-patrimonial right of the injured party, irrespective of
any pain or fear caused by such infringement. Moral damage exists if personal
(non-patrimonial) right, or personal good, or legally protected personal
interest is violated, even if the injured party did not suffer any pain or
fear due to this violation. Since 2005, Croatian legislator has abandoned the
long-standing subjective concept of non-patrimonial damage, and
reconceptualized it as an abstract violation of personal rights, including
personal rights of legal entities. The Commission appointed to draft the new
Civil Code of Serbia considers several modes of either partial or complete
objectivization of the concept of moral damage in the prospective
codification. In this paper the author examines the reasons for such change,
and offers arguments in support of the idea that Serbian legislator should
decide on a mixed conception of non-patrimonial damage, that is, to adhere to
the existing concept of non-patrimonial damage, but also to allow for a
violation of non-patrimonial goods or legally protected interests to be
recognized as a type of moral damage, regardless of any psychological
suffering coming out of such infringement.
Personal scope of labour legislation - (un)reliability of the criteria for qualification of subjects of labour law protection
Authors: Kovacevic Ljubinka
Published: November 2015

Establishing the personal scope of labour legislation is a delicate task,
primarily because of the need to make labour law protection available to all
people, who actually perform dependent work. Labour law protection is
therefore traditionally limited to people working under the power of another,
although, depending on the nature of their work, the degree of their
subordination to the employer?s (managerial, normative and disciplinary)
prerogatives may vary. This is the main reason why legal subordination was
developed as a reliable criterion for the qualification of employees.
However, certain legal systems have recently started defining this term based
on other characteristics of subordinated work, which leads to dilution of the
traditional concept of subordination. Besides, the dilution of this concept
is also caused by the introduction of legal fiction regarding employee status
in favour of certain categories of workers. Although these changes have been
implemented in court practices of certain countries, there is no reason to
conclude that the subordination concept has been diluted beyond recognition.
In this regards, one should be aware of the need to protect the persons who
are engaged in a disguised employment relationship, which is why the
principle of primacy of fact should be applied here. On the other hand, the
emergence of new forms of work significantly dulls the edge that delineates
the dependent from independent work, especially if we take into account the
self-employed persons whose means of subsistence come predominantly from one
employer, making them economically dependent and thereby creating the need
for their special protection.
Effects of foreign direct investment on the restructuring of the see economies
Authors: Stanojevic Natasa , Kotlica Slobodan
Published: November 2015

This paper considers the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the
transformation and development of post-socialist transition economies, with
some particular review of the example of Republic of Serbia. Given the
post-socialist countries had a significant deficiency of inner capacities,
FDI was considered as the most important means of providing financial
capital, technologies, organizational and managerial practices and access to
foreign capital markets. Such expectations were supported by the theories of
positive contribution of FDI to the economic transformation of transition
countries. Over the past decade, transition economies have been the
fastest-growing host for FDI, but there are not expected results. FDI has not
contributed much to the industrial improvement or to the promotion of
competitiveness and exports, and the new empirical evidence even points to
negative effect of FDI penetration on domestic market. Considering the great
disparity between potential and realized effects of FDI on the economic
development of these economies, this paper explores the main sources of
failure. The first is the type of FDI, with predominating acquisitions and
privatizations along with less sophisticated technology transfers; the second
refers to the sectoral distribution, primarily in non-tradable services and
goods, which means that FDI contributes only to the market spread of the
investors. These features of FDI created the mechanisms of disarticulation of
host economies, with a decrease in economic growth as a result.
Access to finance for small and medium-sized enterprises in North Kosovo
Authors: Ljumovic Isidora , Jaksic Krsto
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this paper is to identify the problems small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs) are facing in Serbian municipalities in North Kosovo. The
experience and previous researches show that SMEs, especially those in crisis
areas, have a greater demand than supply for financial resources. We have
created a questionnaire in order to get relevant data from SMEs in North
Kosovo and to assess the shortcomings of the system of financing. Results
show that access to finance in North Kosovo is extremely limited.
Entrepreneurs and SMEs are usually financed with own resources and with a
help from friends or family, while the bank loans are not frequent and are
very expensive.
Attitudes of citizens of Vojvodina to employment practicies and basic values in the society
Authors: Nikolic Zoran
Published: November 2015

The results of the research have confirmed four out of five hypotheses. The
complex social crisis that has lasted for more than two decades has caused
inefficiency of all types of social norms, serious value reconstruction and
social disorganization. The situation in the society and successive
alternations of various populist phenomena can be misleading in the sense of
the ability of citizens, especially young people, to comprehend and respect
the primary values. Namely, the young generation in this region has grown up
with the crisis. This kind of social reality is the only reality they know.
Therefore, they clearly identify the ways that lead to the most certain
achievement of a goal. Whether they accept these ways or not, they are aware
of them and they observe them in the social context. From a personal point of
view they still know how to select the values on which every orderly society
is founded. The social practice warns of collision between the personal and
social. Awareness of the fundamental social values does not mean that they
are respected, and that the attitudes, representations, opinions, needs,
interests and goals are created in accordance with them.
Joint Impact of Materiality Guidance and Justification Requirement on Auditors' Planning Materiality
Authors: Audsabumrungrat Juthathip , Pornupatham Sompong , Tan Hun-Tong
Published: November 2015

In this study, we examine a setting in which overreliance on structured materiality guidance leads to less appropriate materiality assessments by auditors, and investigate whether a justification requirement in the absence of accountability mitigates this effect. Results from our experiment show that audit managers make less conservative and less appropriate planning materiality assessments in the presence of structured materiality guidance, but that this detrimental effect is mitigated by the need to justify their judgments. Our study on the joint effect of these two features extends current literature on materiality judgments and has implications for audit practice.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Thirty Years of the Journal of Information Systems: Reflections of a Prodigal Son
Authors: Weber Ron
Published: November 2015

This paper presents some personal reflections on the 30-year history of the Journal of Information Systems. I give some historical context that provides a basis for understanding how the Journal has evolved. I also identify some of the Journal's major achievements that are good reasons for celebration. Finally, I suggest some areas for development in terms of future research that might be published in the Journal.
Design of A 5-Bit Fully Parallel Analog to Digital Converter Using Common Gate Differrential Mos Pair-Based Comparator
Authors: Aytar Oktay
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a novel comparator structure based on the common gate differential MOS pair. The proposed comparator has been applied to fully parallel analog to digital converter (A/D converter). Furthermore, this article presents 5 bit fully parallel A/D Converter design using the cadence IC5141 design platform and NCSU(North Carolina State University) design kit with 0.18 μm CMOS technology library. The proposed fully parallel A/D converter consist of resistor array block, comparator block, 1-n decoder block and programmable logic array. The 1-n decoder block includes latch block and thermometer code circuit that is implemented using transmission gate based multiplexer circuit. Thus, sampling frequency and analog bandwidth are increased. The INL and DNL of the proposed fully parallel A/D converter are (0/ + 0.63) LSB and (−0.26/ + 0.31) LSB at a sampling frequency of 5 GS/s with an input signal of 50 MHz, respectively. The proposed fully parallel A/D Converter consumes 340 mW from 1.8 V supply.
A Coefficient Diagram Method Controller with Backstepping Methodology for Robotic Manipulators
Authors: Haouari Fouad , Nourdine Bali , Boucherit Mohamed Segir , Tadjine Mohamed
Published: November 2015

A new robust control procedure for robot manipulators is proposed in this paper. Coefficients diagram method controllers CDM and Backstepping methodology are combined to create the novel control law. Two steps of backstepping on the resulting system are used to design a nonlinear CDM-Backstepping controller. Simulations on a PUMA robot including external disturbances, parametric uncertainties and noises are performed to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Technological Aspects in Fabrication of Micro- and Nano-Sized Carbon Based Features: Nanorods, Periodical Arrays and Self-Standing Membranes
Authors: Ižák Tibor , Domonkos Mária , Babchenko Oleg , Varga Marián , Rezek Bohuslav , Jurka Vlastimil , Hruška Karel , Kromka Alexander
Published: November 2015

Diamond and/or carbon thin films are in the center of interest due to their variability and extraordinary combination of intrinsic properties. However, some applications require fabrication of films with tailored properties. Especially, fabrication of periodic structures is highly attractive due to their increased surface area. In this contribution we point out the key technological aspects for fabrication of micro- and nano-sized carbon-based structures. Three representative structures are presented: diamond nanorods, self-assembled templates and self-standing diamond membranes. We found that the diameter of diamond nanorods can be controlled in a broad range from 10 to 200 nm by the masking material (Au vs Ni) and its initial thickness (from few to tens of nanometers). The assembly of polystyrene microspheres in mono- or multi-layer with square or hexagonal periodicities was controlled by the spin-coating parameters. The diamond porous membrane was selectively grown on Si substrate with an interdigital or mesh like geometry. Advantages of each structure as well as the fabrication limitations are discussed more in detail and finally their representative applications are pointed out.
An Approach to Measurment of Permeability/Permittivity Tensor of Ferrofluids
Authors: Mayer Daniel
Published: November 2015

The magnetic field acting on the ferrofluids causes microstructural conversions that result in a change of their permeability. For this physical phenomenon is referred to as field induced magnetism (FIMA). An experimental method is described for ferrofluids in this state to examine their permeability tensor. Also an analogous phenomenon is described also when there is a change of the ferrofluids permittivity. We call it field induced dielectric anisotropy (FIDA). The contribution describes the method of measuring of the permittivity tensor. It can be expected that the FIMA and FIDA of ferrofluids will find interesting applications in designing of various sensors, in measurement technology, in mechatronic and in other areas of practice.
Structure of Rapidly Quenched Fe-Co-Sn-B Systems with Varying Fe/Co Ratio
Authors: Janotová Irena , Švec Peter , Mat’ko Igor , Švec Peter , Janičkovič Dušan , Zigo Juraj
Published: November 2015

We present a study of ferromagnetic systems based on Fe-Co-Sn-B in nanocrystalline state. Interesting magnetic properties potentially are given by the homogeneous and ultrafine structure of bcc Fe grains in amorphous structure. The effect of alloying by Sn improves the properties of resulting structure constituted be crystalline grains in amorphous matrix. The structure transformation from amorphous state was investigated by selected techniques of thermal analysis and the resulting phase and morphology of crystalline products were analyzed.
Some Curvature Properties of D-conformal Curvature Tensor on LP-Sasakian Manifolds
Authors: Shah Riddhi Jung
Published: November 2015

This paper deals with the study of geometry of Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifolds. We investigate some properties of D-conformally flat, D-conformally semi-symmetric, Xi-D-conformally flat and Phi-D-conformally flat curvature conditions on Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifolds. Also it is proved that in each curvature condition an LP-Sasakian manifold (Mn,g)(n>3) is an eta-Einstein manifold.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 30-34
A Comparative Study on Objective Functions of Product Rate Variation and Discrete Apportionment Problems
Authors: Thapa Gyan Bahadur
Published: November 2015

Setting the proper objective functions to optimize the decision making situations is prevalent in most of the mathematical programming problems. In this paper, we formulate the mathematical models of product rate variation and discrete apportionment problems. Furthermore, a brief comparative study of the objective functions to both the problems is reported in terms of inequality measures, precisely indicating the equitably efficient frontier for production rate variation problem via discrete apportionment. The largest reminder algorithm and rank-index algorithm for the apportionment problem are discussed briefly.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 69-74
Key to Identify Insects from Droppings of Some Insectivorous Bats of Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel Santosh , Budha Prem B.
Published: November 2015

Food habit of insectivorous bats was studied using fecal analysis. The fresh bat dropping samples from Mahendra cave, Pokhara and Nagarjun cave, Kathmandu were collected in March and September 2011. Bat droppings were moistened in hot water, separated into fine pieces and observed under stereoscope. The recovered insects and insect parts were mounted in slide, photographed and identified up to Order and Family level. Altogether ten insect orders viz. Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Odonata, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Trichoptera and Thysanoptera and 25 families were identified. In addition, spider and mites were also reported. The identification key to Order and Family level has been prepared based on the studied characters compared with taxonomic characters from literature.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 129-136
Structure and Symmetrization of Hydrogen Bonding in Ices VIII and X at High Pressure: A Density Functional Theory Approach
Authors: Pantha Nurapati , Adhikari Narayan Prasad
Published: November 2015

We study the change in structural properties of ice by taking initial structure of “ice VIII”, with space group symmetry I41/amd, as a function of elevating pressure up to 120 GPa in density-functional theory (DFT) level of calculations implemented by Quantum ESPRESSO package. Consistent with the standard laws of thermodynamics, our calculations show that the physical size (volume and cell parameters) of the unit cell compresses monotonically on increasing pressure. We also compare our DFT results of these parameters with the available experimental values performed at finite temperature. The comparison shows good agreement between the quantities, within 5%, with slightly higher experimental values. At 100 GPa of pressure, hydrogen atom comes exactly at the midpoint of two boneded oxygens, called hydrogen-bonded symmetrization, which at low pressure remains nearby one of the oxygens. This symmmetrized structure is characterized by a new phase of the system known as “ice X” and the boundary pressure, 100 GPa, defines the transition pressure (P0) for changing phase from “ice VIII” to “ice X”. The transition pressure (P0) of the present work agrees well within 2% of previously reported results.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 14-19Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 14-18
The Stability of Solutions of Sitnikov Restricted Problem of three Bodies When the Primaries are Triaxial Rigid Bodies
Authors: Thapa R.R.
Published: November 2015

The paper deals with the stability of the solutions of Sitnikov's restricted problem of three bodies if the primaries are triaxial rigid bodies. The infinitesimal mass is moving in space and is being influenced by motion of two primaries (m1>m2). They move in circular orbits without rotation around their centre of mass. Both primaries are considered as axis symmetric bodies with one of the axes as axis of symmetry whose equatorial plane coincides with motion of the plane. The synodic system of co-ordinates initially coincides with inertial system of co-ordinates. It is also supposed that initially the principal axis of the body m1 is parallel to synodic axis and are of the axes of symmetry is perpendicular to plane of motion.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 76-78
Ethnobiology and Indigenous Knowledge about Medicinal Animals and Plants in the Balami Ethnic Group in Nepal
Authors: Timilsina S.H. , Singh N.B.
Published: November 2015

The main purpose of the study was to document the medicinal animals and plants used by the unique ethnic group; ‘Balami’, native of Okharpauwa VDC of Nuwakot district. The information was collected in the area using an integrated approach of zoological and botanical collections, group discussions, interviews and questionnaires. It enumerates an account of ethnography with the list of 65 animal species belonging to 31 orders, 46 families and 62 genera. Out of which 55 species are wild and 10 species are domesticated. The Balami utilize these animals mainly for food, medicine, companion, ceremony, agriculture etc. They use 15 species of animals for medicinal purpose among which 13 are wild and 2 are domesticated to cure 16 different types of diseases. Balami have brought altogether 185 different plant species into use. Among them 80 species are brought from the local forest, 87 species are cultivated and 18 species of the plants are purchased from the nearest market. These plant species are included under 65 families and 151 genera. They use 45 different plant species to cure 55 different diseases out of which 32 are wild, 12 are cultivated and 1 is purchased from the remote area. The present inventory will play a catalytic role for implementation of development programs in the region, recommendations of the conservation and sustainable use based on indigenous knowledge from the elder to the younger generations.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 79-85
Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amount of Nitrite in Water with p-Nitroaniline and 1-Naphthol
Authors: Khadka Deba Bahadur , Pachhai Laxmi
Published: November 2015

A simple, selective and sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in different natural and waste water samples is applied. Nitrite reacts with p-nitroaniline in the presence of hydrochloric acid to form diazonium cation which is subsequently coupled with 1-naphthol to form a stable azo dye. The ?max for the azo dye is found to be 610 nm. At analytical wavelength 610 nm the Lambert-Beer’s law obeys over the concentration range 0.035-0.123 ?g/ml of nitrite. The correlation coefficient, molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of the method were found to be 0.99, 5.24×104 lit.mol-1cm-1 and 8.77×10-4?g cm-2 respectively. The percentage recovery was found to range from 93-109% and the interference of foreign ions was also studied.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 89-93
Occurrence of CCR5 Heterozygous 32 bp Deletion in Nepali Ethnic Groups
Authors: Singh Nanda Bahadur
Published: November 2015

The Chemokine (C-C) receptor 5 (CCR5) as one of the small signaling proteins, is a HIV-1 resistant gene. The major boosting to the study of CCR5 gene among ethnic groups in the world is the detection of 32 bp deletion in its heterozygous and homozygous condition which is responsible for relative or absolute resistance to HIV-1 infection. A total of 456 samples belonging to six Nepalese ethnic groups were subjected to genotyping by the use of PCR-RFLP for detecting 32 bp deletion on exon 3 of CCR5 gene. Finally, allele frequencies of 32 bp deletion among Nepalese ethnic groups were calculated by the use of Hardy-Weinberg formula for analysis and interpretation. Chidimar ethnic group, for the first time, showed heterozygous 32 bp deletion at the population level in Asia-pacific region is an excitement in which Chidimar might have conferred resistance against HIV-1 infection in Nepal.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 105-108
Algebra and Logics
Authors: Bhusal Tika Ram
Published: November 2015

The context of abstractness in Algebra depends on the study of logics. Logics when dealt in some meaningful way may give challenges to the game of theories and theorems. We have tried to find some examples which should be with the spirit of trends of thoughts. Axioms are basic assumptions but they should be consistent throughout the problem. In the study of logics, statements should satisfy certain property. We cannot introduce any statement in the curriculum dictatorially.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 142-144
Metallurgical Failure Investigation of Overheated Brackets Made of Nimonic Alloy 90
Authors: Cagliyan E. , Walter F.
Published: November 2015

Fastening brackets for ceramic heat shields of gas turbine engine combustion chambers were found to be grossly overheated after only 1 100 operating hours. They were made from the wrought nickel-base superalloy Nimonic alloy 90. The affected parts were disassembled from the engine and replaced. One bracket was selected for an exemplary metallographic examination at the laboratory of the gas turbine engine manufacturer. The bracket exhibited severe deformation, oxidation, and creep damage. The alloy was selected properly for this application. The cause of the thermal overload is unknown to the investigating laboratory. It was recommended to find and remove the reason for the excess thermal exposure.
Effect of Continuous and Pulsed Currents on Microstructural Evolution of Stainless Steel Joined by TIG Welding
Authors: Durgutlu A. , Fındık T. , Gülenç B. , Çevik B. , Kaya Y. , Kahraman N.
Published: November 2015

In this study, AISI 316L series austenitic stainless steel sheets were joined by tungsten inert gas welding method in continuous and pulsed currents. Regarding microstructural investigation and hardness values of weld metal, samples were welded to investigate the effect of current type on grain structures of weld metal. Results showed that samples welded by using pulsed current had considerable different properties compared to the samples welded by using continuous current. While the weld metals of joinings obtained by using continuous current displayed a coarse-grained and columnar structure, weld metals obtained by using pulsed current had a finer-grained structure. It was also found that hardness values of samples, which were welded with continuous and pulsed current, were quite different.
Ebola Virus Disease: From Disaster to Containment
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul , Amin Md Robed
Published: November 2015

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Medicine Jan 2015; 26 (1) : 1-3
Prevalence of Cross Bite Among the Orthodontic Patients in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Authors: Sultana Naznin , Hassan Gazi Shamim , Jha Digamber , Nashrin Towhida , Nahar Lutfun , Naim Mir Abu
Published: November 2015

Crossbite is one of the most prevalent malocclusion, posterior crossbite occurs in 8% to 22% of orthodontic cases and anterior crossbite has been seen in Class III cases, which accounts for 3.4% of orthodontic cases. The etiology of posterior crossbite can include any combination of dental, skeletal, and neuro muscular functional components, but the most frequent cause is reduction in width of the maxillary dental arch. Patients/cases seeking comprehensive orthodontic treatment in between 5 to 35 years were diagnosed for crossbite with diagnostic model and care record file. Out of 300 cases 163(54.3%) had crossbite, 90(30%) had anterior crossbite and 109(36.3%) had posterior cross bite. Among posterior crossbite 60(20%) had unilateral and 49(16.3%) had bilateral crossbite. Posterior crossbite was more prevalent than anterior crossbite. Cases with Class I molar relation showed more crossbite. Crossbite was more prevalent in cases with congenitally missing teeth.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2015; 26 (1) : 9-12
A 13-year-old Female with Bardet- Biedl Syndrome - A Case Report
Authors: Ahmed Syed Nesar , Shahin Md Abu , Chowdhury Romal , Ahammad Alamgir Mustak , Shazzad Md Nahiduzzaman , Alam Md Rafiqul , Chowdhury MA Jalil
Published: November 2015

Bardet Biedl syndrome is a rare disease. A case report is presented here where a 13 years old girl presented with obesity, night blindness, learning difficulties and polydactyly. Obesity and night blindness started from since childhood. Her milestones of development were normal but having some learning difficulties. Her parents are healthy as well as her siblings. On examination she looks apathy, extreme obese, having polydactyly and retinitis pigmentosa and high B.P. On laboratory findings there is only dyslipidaemia. On the basis of clinical features she was diagnosed as a case of Bardet-Biedl syndrome.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2015; 26 (1) : 31-34
Dandy Walker Syndrome: Unsteady girl with MRI findings
Authors: Amin Md Robed , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul
Published: November 2015

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Medicine Jan 2015; 26 (1) : 46
Report of an Unusual Presentation of Wilsons Disease
Authors: Choudhury Nuzhat , Mahtab Mamun Al , Rahim Mohammad Abdur , Alam Sheikh Mohammad Noor E , Khandakar Faiz Ahmed , Moben Ahmed Lutful , Islam Shafiqul , Rahman Salimur
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Acute hepatitis can result from varied aetiology ranging from hepatitis viruses, autoimmune hepatitis, drugs and alcohol to metabolic disorders like Wilsons disease.Case report: Here we present a young male who presented to us with classic features of acute hepatitis including prodrome and on evaluation was diagnosed as a case of acute Wilsons disease.Conclusion: In Bangladesh and in most parts common causes of acute hepatitis include hepatitis viruses, alcohol and drugs. However less common aetiologies like Wilsons disease must be kept in mind and looked for, wherever there is strong suspicion. Otherwise many may be denied of potential cure.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2015; 26 (2) : 76-78
A Middle Aged Woman with Lumpy Abdomen
Authors: Das Aparna , Mahjabin Sonia , Kahhar MA
Published: November 2015

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Medicine Jul 2015; 26 (2) : 86-87
Outcome of Adjuvant Concurrent Chemo-Radiation in Operated Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Mustafa Syed Arshad , Ismail M , Zaffar Saquib , Hassan Ghulam , Qureshi Waseem , Kadri SM
Published: November 2015

Background: Rectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in Kashmir, India. The clinical course of patients treated with surgery alone has been characterized by a high death rate and also by the pain and disability associated with pelvic recurrence of the tumor. Adjuvant radiation combined with chemotherapy has been studied for prevention of such recurrences. We treat more than 200 rectal cancer patients annually at our center. Most of the patients registered at our center are those who have been already subjected to surgery at the peripheral hospitals. We studied role of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and calcium leucovorin concurrently with radiotherapy in Dukes stage B2 and C and toxicities thereof in the adjuvant setting.Objective: To assess the outcome of concurrent chemoradiation in operated locally advanced treated cancer patients.Materials and Methods: In operated Dukes B2 and C rectal cancer patients, we conducted a prospective non-randomized study comprising of 40 patients between 2012 and 2014. Patients were treated with two hours protracted infusion of calcium leucovorin 500 mg/m2 on day 1 followed by 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5 and repeated four weekly for total of six cycles. Radiotherapy of 45 Gray in 20 fractions was delivered concurrently with chemotherapy for first two cycles.Results: Combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in a concurrent setting appears to be more efficient in reducing local recurrence rates and improving survival than either modality alone. Toxicities with this schedule were mostly gastrointestinal mucositis, but no treatment interruption was needed.Conclusion: A combination of 5-fluorouracil and radiotherapy can be administered in operated locally advanced rectal cancer patients.J Enam Med Col 2015; 5(3): 139-144
Maternal Health Care Practices among Mothers of a Selected Slum in Dhaka City
Authors: Karim Mohoshina , Farah Shayela
Published: November 2015

Background: Bangladesh is a small South Asian country which became independent in 1971 after a bloody war. Rapid urbanisation in Bangladesh (26% of the 147.1 million inhabitants live in urban areas) is fuelling a growth in urban poverty, particularly in the urban slums where the quality of life is extremely poor. The average population density in slums was reported in 2005 as 831 persons per acre or 205,415 people per square kilometre.1 Early commencement of antenatal care by pregnant women as well as regular visits has the potential to affect maternal and foetal outcome.Objective: To assess the status of ANC service used by the pregnant mothers and their socio-demographic characteristics.Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Moghbazar slum area in Dhaka district of Bangladesh, during January to June 2014. A total of 161 slum dwellers were enrolled in the study. Information regarding education, occupation, monthly family income, antenatal care was gathered using a pretested structured questionnnare and data were analysed.Results: The majority respondents had knowledge about antenatal care and of them 89 (55.2%) completed ?3 visits. Forty five (47.8%) pregnant women received ANC from government hospitals. Nearly 72% mothers received ANC service from doctors and 16.9% received from family welfare visitors (FWV). Half of mothers were satisfied with the overall care provided to them. About 86.2% mothers said that they had to wait for more than two hours for check-ups. More than 50% received information about exercise and 36% were reassured about discussing fear and anxiety about pregnancy.Conclusion: This study reveals that antenatal care provided was not up to the mark of standard care and measures should be taken to improve it.J Enam Med Col 2015; 5(3): 166-169