bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstate Sequence Theory of Phase Transition: Theory Construction and Application on 3‐Dimensional Ising Model
Authors: Ren Yikun , Xu Feixiang , Lin Ming , Hua Qiongxin
Published: December 2024

The concepts of microstates and statistical ensembles form a fundamental starting point for various statistical physics theories that address thermodynamic and phase transition behaviors of correlated many‐body systems. In this paper, we propose microstate sequence (MSS) theory built on a novel idea of arranging all microstates of a discrete thermodynamic system into a sequence with monotonically increasing property of key parameters and strict “smooth structure variation” property. Because of the properties, it obtains better analytical ability to express the derivation with the essential parameter change (in the cubic Ising model, the parameter is the dimensionality) at any micro‐structure to figure out the qualitative issues like the relationship between phase transition order and dimensionality. With this idea in mind, the microstate sequence (MSS) of the Ising model in arbitrary dimension is constructed through a nontrivial iteration method based on a series of number‐theoretic transformation tricks. After obtaining the complete form of the MSS for the Ising model, we provide a concise proof of the second‐order phase transition nature for the Ising model in all n 2 dimensions starting from the well‐known exact result for the two‐dimensional Ising model, as a test of the qualitative issue of MSS theory. Finally, we discuss the MSS theory in other lattice models like the Potts model and temperature derivation model to explore the correlations of number theory and phase trajectory in an extended range of discrete thermodynamic systems.
Exploring the Complex Mechanisms of Isoflavones: From Cell Bioavailability, to Cell Dynamics and Breast Cancer
Authors: Ferriere François , Aasi Nagham , Flouriot Gilles , Pakdel Farzad
Published: December 2024

In Western countries, the increase in the consumption of soy‐derived products raises the population's exposure to isoflavones. These molecules, present in many foods, have numerous effects on the body's cells, including regulation of the transcription and epigenetics, cell signaling, cell cycle, cell growth, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. However, despite the multitude of studies conducted, on these compounds, it remains difficult to draw definitive conclusions regarding their safety or dangerousness in the diet. Indeed, some epidemiological studies highlight health benefits in consuming isoflavone‐rich foods, notably by reducing the risk of certain cancers. However, several studies conducted on cell models show that these molecules can have negative effects on cell fate, particularly with regard to proliferation and survival of mammary tumor cells. Isoflavones are mainly genistein, daidzein, formononetin, and biochanin A. These molecules belong to the family of phytoestrogens, which are capable of interacting with both nuclear estrogen receptor, ERα and ERβ, to trigger agonistic and antagonistic effects. Due to their estrogenic properties, isoflavones are suspected to promote hormone‐dependent cancers such as breast cancer. This suspicion is based primarily on their ability to bind to ERα in breast cells, thereby altering the signaling pathways that control cell growth. However, study results are sometimes contradictory. Some studies suggest that isoflavones may protect against breast cancer by acting as selective estrogen receptor modulators, while others highlight their potential role in stimulating tumor growth. This review explores the literature on the effects of isoflavones, focusing on their influence on ERα‐dependent signaling in breast tumor cells.
Model Mis‐Specification Analysis for Random Effect and Covariate Based on Wiener Degradation Process
Authors: Chen Tianyu , Jiang Deyin , Wang Keke , Jiang Senke , Cui Weimin
Published: December 2024

Thanks to the extensive applications of accelerated degradation tests (ADT), the influence of covariates has been paid more and more attention. We propose a power‐law form, which is studied with other previously perceived covariate types for model uncertainty not neglecting unidentified distribution of drift parameter. It simultaneously determines the distribution of volatility parameters under Wiener process (WP) when the dependency inner model's parametric space exists. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm implemented by WinBUGS is employed to deal with general failure possibility functions of multiple hypothesis combinations. A new criterion aimed at measuring the volatility variable's goodness‐of‐fit is involved a company with several Akaike information criterion (AIC)‐like indexes for an overall model comparison and selection. It is convincing that after several numerical and real example analyses, the interaction between the covariate and latent variable distribution influences the performance of computation to a large degree.
Proactively prepare now to effectively manage campus protests, civil unrest
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2024

Student affairs professionals can expect to see protests on campuses nationwide for years to come over a host of different issues. In the wake of recent protests related to Palestine along with a variety of other political issues during the past couple of years, you need to be ready to address protests in a timely, safe, and fair manner that instills trust in your administration.
Know how to talk about politics without killing each other
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: December 2024

In 1968, I voted in my first U.S. presidential election, Nixon v. Humphrey. I was 10 years old and in fifth grade. We held a mock election in our class. Just before the actual election date, we had a luncheon for our parents and other guests. I cut the cake; I thought I was something. I remember very well serving my mother a piece of chocolate cake. I’ve always associated those two events fondly.
Chief student affairs officer reflects on his experience founding a college
Authors: Fatzinger Jim B.
Published: December 2024

Just as the morning fog lifted from large patches of kudzu, 30 minutes from both the flagship of the University System of Georgia and downtown Atlanta, I arrived in front of a former Kohler facility. It stood in the shadow of the most photographed office building in Gwinnett County behind a car dealership, near one of the busiest intersections in the area. The “new” school didn’t yet embody the name on the sign: Georgia Gwinnett College.
Did court dismiss student's Title IX claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: December 2024

A student‐athlete enrolled at Baylor University, with the hopes of making the varsity women's tennis team. However, the women's tennis coach declined to put the tennis player on the team, encouraging her to play club instead. Shortly thereafter, she began practicing with a men's assistant coach.
Help community college students overcome barriers
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: December 2024

As Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs at Ivy Tech Community College, South Bend‐Elkhart in Indiana, Chris Douse sees new students struggling with a variety of issues that could prevent them from graduating. And so he works to find ways to “remove those barriers and provide wraparound support services to them so they can be successful.” That means ensuring that students not only graduate, they’re also equipped to go on to successful careers in high‐demand fields in the region, said Douse, a Ph.D. candidate who previously served as Director of Retention and Engagement and Student Success and Engagement.
Raman Imaging of Targeted Drug Delivery with DNA‐Based Nano‐Optical Devices
Authors: Tanwar Swati , Date Siddhi , Goel Linika , Wu Lintong , Chatterjee Arnab , Barman Ishan
Published: December 2024

Raman spectroscopy (RS) has emerged as a novel optical imaging modality by identifying molecular species through their bond vibrations, offering high specificity and sensitivity in molecule detection. However, its application in intracellular molecular probing has been limited due to challenges in combining vibrational tags with functional probes. DNA nanostructures, known for their high programmability, have been instrumental in fields like biomedicine and nanofabrication. So far, their ability to customize Raman signals remains largely untapped. In this study, a new class of Raman active DNA origami‐based hybrid nanodevice (ND) for targeted cancer cell drug delivery and imaging is engineered. The ND is specifically engineered for metastatic prostate cancer treatment, featuring a legumain enzyme‐responsive sequence for the controlled release of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. Integrating RS with precise targeting, the ND enables imaging of aggressive cancer cells and efficient drug delivery with minimal off‐target effects. The developed device offers stimuli‐responsive behavior, enhanced stability, exceptional tunability, and potent targeting abilities, positioning it as a highly promising strategy for advancing precision cancer imaging and therapy.
N, S‐Rich SEI Derived From Continuously‐Releasing Additive for Anode‐Free Lithium‐Metal Batteries in Commercial Carbonate Electrolyte
Authors: Jiang Ruining , Zhu Zhenglu , Qi Xiaoqun , Yang Fengyi , Du Haoran , Ji Jie , Zhang Renyuan , Liu Zhikang , Qie Long
Published: December 2024

Featured with the highest possible energy density, anode‐free lithium‐metal batteries (AFBs) are still challenged by the fast capacity decay, especially for the ones operated in commercial carbonate electrolytes, which can be ascribed to the poor stability and continual broken/formation of the solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) formed on the anode side. Here, sacrificial additives, which have low solubility in carbonate electrolytes and can be continuously released, are proposed for AFBs. The sacrificial and continuously‐releasing feature gifts the additives the capability to form and heal the SEI during the long‐term cycling process, thus minimizing the loss of active Li and enabling the AFLMBs with high loading LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (21.7 mg cm−2) cathode a high capacity‐retention of 68.9% after 50 cycles in commercial carbonate electrolyte, in contrast to the control cell failed after 30 cycles. This work presents a simple and potential strategy for the practical applications of AFLMBs.
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy of Electrocatalyst Materials: Proposed Workflows, Technical Advances, Challenges, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Abdellah Ahmed M. , Salem Kholoud E. , DiCecco Liza‐Anastasia , Ismail Fatma , Rakhsha Amirhossein , Grandfield Kathryn , Higgins Drew
Published: December 2024

In situ electrochemical liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LP‐TEM) measurements utilize micro‐chip three‐electrode cells with electron transparent silicon nitride windows that confine the liquid electrolyte. By imaging electrocatalysts deposited on micro‐patterned electrodes, LP‐TEM provides insight into morphological, phase structure, and compositional changes within electrocatalyst materials under electrochemical reaction conditions, which have practical implications on activity, selectivity, and durability. Despite LP‐TEM capabilities becoming more accessible, in situ measurements under electrochemical reaction conditions remain non‐trivial, with challenges including electron beam interactions with the electrolyte and electrode, the lack of well‐defined experimental workflows, and difficulty interpreting particle behavior within a liquid. Herein a summary of the current state of LP‐TEM technique capabilities alongside a discussion of the relevant experimental challenges researchers typically face, with a focus on in situ studies of electrochemical CO2 conversion catalysts is provided. A methodological approach for in situ LP‐TEM measurements on CO2R catalysts prepared by electro‐deposition, sputtering, or drop‐casting is presented and include case studies where challenges and proposed workflows for each are highlighted. By providing a summary of LP‐TEM technique capabilities and guidance for the measurements, the goal is for this paper to reduce barriers for researchers who are interested in utilizing LP‐TEM characterization to answer their scientific questions.
Graphene Oxide/Zinc Phthalocyanine Selective Singlet Oxygen Visible‐Light Nanosensor for Raman‐Inactive Compounds
Authors: Zvyagina Alexandra I. , Shiryaeva Olga A. , Afonyushkina Evgenia Yu. , Kapitanova Olesya O. , Averin Alexey A. , Kormschikov Ilya D. , Martynov Alexander G. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Veselova Irina A. , Kalinina Maria A.
Published: December 2024

A novel phthalocyanine‐based hybrid nanofilm is for the first time successfully applied as an oxidative platform for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensing to fine‐resolve Raman‐inactive compounds. The hybrid is formed by self‐assembly of zinc(II) 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐Octa[(3′,5′‐dicarboxy)‐phenoxy]phthalocyaninate (ZnPc*) with the solid‐supported monolayer of graphene oxide (GO) mediated by zinc acetate metal cluster. Atomic force microscopy, UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopies confirm that this simple coordination motive in combination with molecular structure of ZnPc* prevents contact quenching of the light‐excited triplet state through aromatic stacking with GO particles. Fluorescence probing with Sensor Green and terephthalic acid as specific indicators of active oxygen intermediates shows that the hybrid nanofilm initiates selective singlet oxygen generation under visible light. Direct one‐electron oxidation of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) (1.0×10−7 m) on the hybrid surface in the presence of 100 nm silver nanoparticles as plasmonic hot‐spots under 450–640‐nm light irradiation yields well‐resolved resonance Raman spectrum of the oxidized form TMB+1. Using these hybrid nanofilms as visible light platforms for redox reaction of target analytes without additional oxidizing agents, the range of Raman‐detectable compounds can be significantly expanded through a rapid ultrasensitive SERS screening of substances currently considered Raman‐inactive.
Effectiveness and Treatment Persistence of Vedolizumab Compared to Anti‐Tumour Necrosis Factor‐α in Patients With Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Armuzzi Alessandro , Vermeire Séverine , Chaparro María , Biedermann Patricia , Brown Rebecca , McStravick Megan , Meyer Marlies , Schreiber Stefan
Published: December 2024

Background

Vedolizumab is approved for the treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (CD). Real‐world evidence is essential for understanding the effectiveness and benefit–risk profile of vedolizumab outside clinical trial settings.

Objective

To identify, systematically review and assess the real‐world effectiveness and treatment persistence of vedolizumab in patients with CD, particularly over long‐term follow‐up periods and among populations with differing treatment experience, and to compare with the treatment persistence of anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α treatment.

Methods

Literature searches were conducted to identify studies published from 2014 to 2022. Relevant congress searches were conducted (2015–2022) using Embase or by hand. Data on adults with CD treated with vedolizumab or anti‐TNFα treatment in a real‐world setting were extracted for meta‐analysis.

Results

Data from 73 studies, including 29,894 patients with CD, reported ≥ 1 outcome of interest for this analysis. Vedolizumab treatment persistence rate was 65.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 60.2–70.1) at 1 year and 54.8% (95% CI 43.9–65.3) at 2 years. The treatment persistence rate with vedolizumab versus anti‐TNFα treatment was 84.6% (95% CI 70.2–92.8) versus 75.3% (95% CI 69.7–80.2) at 1 year and 70.6% (95% CI 60.7–78.8) versus 64.6% (95% CI 56.7–71.8) at 2 years. The mucosal healing rate at 1 year was 40.6% (95% CI 34.2–47.3). Clinical remission rates were 39.4% (95% CI 33.9–45.1) at 1 year and 34.3% (95% CI 18.1–55.2) at 2 years. Corticosteroid‐free clinical remission rates were 33.2% (95% CI 28.5–38.3) at 1 year and 20.4% (95% CI 12.5–31.5) at 2 years. All clinical outcome rates were higher in biologic‐naive than in biologic‐experienced patients.

Conclusion

Real‐world use of vedolizumab was associated with favourable long‐term effectiveness and treatment persistence. Vedolizumab is a suitable first‐line biological option for biologic‐naive patients with CD.
Update on Autoimmune Pancreatitis and IgG4‐Related Disease
Authors: Lanzillotta Marco , Vujasinovic Miroslav , Löhr Johannes‐Matthias , Della torre Emanuel
Published: December 2024

Autoimmune pancreatitis is an increasingly recognized inflammatory type of subacute pancreatitis; two subtypes of autoimmune pancreatitis have been identified so far: the “lymphoplasmacytic” type 1 variant and the “neutrophilic” type 2 variant. Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis represents the most common manifestation of IgG4‐related disease, a fibro‐inflammatory disorder characterized by elevated IgG4 levels in the serum and affected tissues. Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis is a pancreas‐specific disorder that frequently occurs in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases. Due to the complexity of both diseases, a comprehensive work up with imaging, laboratory, and histological studies is required to achieve a diagnosis and rule out malignancies. Glucocorticoids represent the cornerstone of the treatment, often supported by other immunosuppressive drugs in case of steroid intolerance or aggressive disease. Maintenance treatment is often employed in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis because of the higher relapse rate compared with type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis. In this review, we summarize the key concept of autoimmune pancreatitis, delve into the differential diagnosis between the two subtypes, and cover the recent relevant research findings and pressing unmet needs.
Conclusions and Reflections: The Tapestry of Energy Citizenship Can (and Should) Be Woven by All
Authors: Vadovics Edina , Hajdinjak Marko , Thalberg Karin , Lydon Michael , Fahy Frances
Published: December 2024

This concluding chapter presents the rich tapestry of energy citizenship in Europe. It offers a summary and reflection on the various contexts and conditions for an emerging energy transition identified throughout the previous chapters. Across eight national settings, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, and the Netherlands, many forms of energy citizenship were identified. These include individual and collective, and reformative and transformative forms. This chapter also reflects on the reality that the term “energy citizenship” is not (yet) widely known despite the many forms of it that flourish. The authors, themselves based in eight European countries, have highlighted case studies demonstrating exciting opportunities as well as considering the barriers different forms of energy citizenship encounter in various countries. In concluding this chapter, the authors ask So, what next for Energy Citizenship? and outline a summary of the ways in which energy citizenship initiatives can be supported and further developed. In addition, they highlight the significance of the overall research in providing opportunities to learn from the variety of energy citizenship that is prevalent across Europe. This collection concludes with a final reflection by the authors on the contribution of the overall collection and affirms the importance of sharing national and local experiences and showing case studies of energy citizenship.
For and By Citizens: The Various Faces of Energy Citizenship in Germany
Authors: Debourdeau Ariane , Schäfer Martina
Published: December 2024

Since the term Energiewende (energy transition) was coined in the early 1980s, Germany has often been seen as a pioneer in the transition towards an energy system based on renewable energy sources. However, to what extent is the German energy transition linked to the environmental and anti-nuclear movements of the 1980s and shaped by different forms of energy citizenship? Beyond the strong support it receives from a large part of the population, the energy transition encompasses highly diversified faces of citizen involvement. Our empirical investigation of energy citizenship in Germany underlines the key role of engaged individuals (or groups of individuals) in promoting both energy democracy and citizenship by enabling and empowering other citizens to be part of the energy transition in various ways and scales. The latter addresses a large range of issues, from energy saving to renewable energy production and sustainable mobility. The outcome orientation of energy citizenship initiatives differs between rather reformative approaches that try to improve the current energy system and more transformative approaches that question current structures and aim to create a more decentralised, democratic and just energy system. This chapter presents insights into the diversity of forms of energy citizenship in Germany and the legal and political context in which they operate.
The Evolution of Energy Citizenship in the Netherlands: From Protest to Partnership with Business and Government
Authors: Kemp René , Markantoni Marianna , Zomerplaag Job , Pel Bonno , Crighton Ali
Published: December 2024

This chapter traces the dynamic history of energy citizenship in the Netherlands, an evolution from grassroots protests to partnerships with businesses and government entities. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical events, case studies, and policy developments, the study shows how energy citizenship in the Netherlands has evolved from opposition to nuclear power in the early 1970s to today’s diverse and multifaceted initiatives. The research employs a mix of qualitative methods, including interviews, document analysis, and workshops, focusing on Dutch energy citizenship initiatives such as Weert Energie, Ameland, LSA, and Loenen Energie. These examples not only showcase transformative goals and agency but also reflect the Poldermodel, a consensus-based decision-making process prevalent in the Netherlands characterised by collaboration and negotiation between multiple stakeholders, including the government, employers, labour unions, and other relevant parties. The paper also examines the role of intermediaries in enhancing energy citizenship and how changing power dynamics and institutional structures have influenced the energy transition. By comparing the rise and nature of energy cooperatives from the 1980s to the present day, the study highlights significant shifts in citizen engagement, technological adoption, and policy influence. The findings reveal that while energy citizenship in the Netherlands has achieved notable successes, it continues to navigate complex challenges in pursuit of a more sustainable and democratic energy future.
Documentation and Publication of Hypothetical Virtual 3D Reconstructions in the CoVHer Project
Authors: Bajena Igor Piotr , Apollonio Fabrizio Ivan , Argasiński Karol , Fallavollita Federico , Foschi Riccardo , Franczuk Jakub , Koszewski Krzysztof , Kuroczyński Piotr , Lutteroth Jan
Published: December 2024

The CoVHer Erasmus+ project addresses the long-standing lack of standardisation in hypothetical virtual 3D reconstruction and modelling in architectural heritage research. It aims to develop best practices for the 3D reconstruction of lost or never-built architectural heritage, enhancing research quality, transparency, and reusability. The collaborative effort includes contributions from five European universities and two private companies, focusing on architecture, archaeology, digital humanities, and art history. The presented workflow of documentation is the result of the joint effort in extensions of the approaches of the Scientific Reference Model (SRM) and Critical Digital Model (CDM), which strive for faithful reconstruction, documenting all decisions and inferences and advocate open licensing and use of non-proprietary formats to promote accessibility and reusability. The developed methodology aims to provide tools for the scientific evaluation of hypothetical reconstructions and support data exchange between researchers.
Integrating Paradata, Metadata, and Data for an Effective Memory Twin in the Field of Digital Cultural Heritage
Authors: Ioannides Marinos , Karittevli Elena , Panayiotou Panayiotis , Baker Drew
Published: December 2024

The extension of the concept of Digital Twin to Memory Twin offers an innovative approach to preserving and interacting in the field of Digital Cultural Heritage. This paper explores the integration of paradata, metadata and data to construct an effective Memory twin, providing a representation of cultural heritage. Paradata, together with metadata and data, greatly enriches the digital representation of cultural assets. By integrating these layers of information, we aim to develop a framework that enhances the preservation, accessibility and interpretability of digital cultural heritage. This approach enables advanced archival practices, personalised user experiences and improved data authenticity. Through case studies, we demonstrate the potential of this methodology to transform the management and dissemination of cultural heritage in the digital future.
Publishing and Long-Term Archiving 3D Data in Humanities
Authors: Quantin Matthieu , Tournon Sarah , Chayani Mehdi , Granier Xavier , Laroche Florent
Published: December 2024

We present here the French solution for long-term archiving combined with online publication of 3D research data in the humanities. The focus is on the paradata that document the technical process involved in obtaining the 3D result. Our schema, initially limited to the fields of archaeology and cultural heritage, is now open to other areas of the human sciences.  The choice of data organization, metadata, paradata, standards and infrastructure is in line with the FAIR principles of the semantic web. It is aligned with standard vocabularies and mapped to the Europeana Data Model (EDM). The CINES (Centre Informatique National de l’Enseignement Supérieur.), the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) infrastructure for research data in France, is in charge of archiving. We take care of data documentation and propose to publish part of these documented data at the same time. On the user side, we developed aLTAG3D, a desktop UI software to help research teams to create their OAIS Submission Information Package (SIP). On the publication side, we provide a DOI and a 3D viewer on the online plateform to meet the needs of researchers and public communication. On the archiving side, long-term archiving has given direction to the way our description schema works: it is focused on reproducibility. The content of the SIP is centered on the 3D data, its build process and sources. Paradata describing the process to the 3D file is under development and several options are under study with CIDOC CRM-Dig or W3C prov-O ontologies.
Das Untersuchungsdesign: ein raumsensibler Mixed-Methods-Ansatz
Authors: Lorenz Astrid , Pischtschan Luisa
Published: December 2024

Dieses Kapitel beschreibt den raumsensiblen Untersuchungsansatz der Studie. Um lokale Sichtweisen der Bevölkerung auf gleichwertige Lebensverhältnisse und die Politik zu rekonstruieren und ggf. Hinweise auf räumliche Muster zu erkennen, wurden Aussagen von Menschen in einem Sample von Orten analysiert, das typische Siedlungsstrukturen in Deutschland umfasst. Bei der Auswahl von 24 Kommunen mit unterschiedlicher Größe und geografischer Lage berücksichtigten wir Faktoren, die gemäß Forschungsstand relevant für Sichtweisen auf gleichwertige Lebensverhältnisse sein könnten. Für die eigentliche Studie setzten wir leitfadengestützte Gruppendiskussionen und eine standardisierte individuelle schriftliche Befragung der Teilnehmer ein. Außerdem nutzten wir leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews, um die Befunde im Lichte von Aussagen von Vertretern kommunaler Spitzenverbände zu kontextualisieren.
Vorstellungen von einem guten Leben
Authors: Lorenz Astrid , Pischtschan Luisa
Published: December 2024

Dieses Kapitel analysiert die Aussagen zu einem guten Leben in den 24 lokalen Gruppendiskussionen. Gefragt nach ihren Vorstellungen von einem guten (persönlichen) Leben, betonten die Teilnehmer unserer Gruppendiskussionen teilweise ähnliche Aspekte, unabhängig von der Größe und Lage der Kommune, in der die Diskussion stattfand (Abschn. 5.1). Hier unterschieden sich nur die jeweils assoziierten Inhalte teilweise. Bei den Themen, die insgesamt etwas weniger angesprochen wurden, gab es teilweise räumliche Unterschiede. So wurden die infrastrukturelle Versorgung in bestimmten Bereichen sowie eine Feuerwehr in der Nähe in kleineren Orten als wichtiger für ein gutes Leben dargestellt als in größeren Kommunen (Abschn. 5.2). Darüber hinaus erwähnten die Teilnehmer in der späteren schriftlichen Befragung Dinge als wichtig, die in der spontanen Diskussion in diesem speziellen Abschnitt nicht angesprochen worden waren. Wie wir zeigen, lieferte sie wichtige Zusatzinformationen.
Zentrale Befunde, Einordnung und Handlungsempfehlungen
Authors: Lorenz Astrid , Pischtschan Luisa
Published: December 2024

In der vorliegenden Analyse wollten wir herausfinden, welche Themen Menschen in Deutschland wichtig sind, wenn es um ein gutes Leben geht, mit welchen Orten oder Regionen sie ihre Lebensverhältnisse vergleichen, und was ihnen politisch sinnvoll erscheint, um etwas für gleichwertige Lebensverhältnisse zu tun. Dafür ließen wir 24 Gruppen aus Menschen unterschiedlichen Alters und Geschlechts in Kommunen verschiedener Größe und geografischer Lage diskutieren und anschließend schriftlich Fragen beantworten. Letztlich interessierte uns dabei auch, ob ihre Sichtweisen ggf. so unterschiedlich sind, dass sie Konfliktpotenzial bergen, das den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt bedrohen könnte, und ob die Schwerpunkte der Gesprächsrunden von den Themen abweichen, die für die Politik in Bezug auf gleichwertige Lebensverhältnisse maßgeblich sind. Im Folgenden fassen wir die wichtigsten Befunde kapitelübergreifend zusammen. Anschließend gleichen wir ab, ob die von uns interviewten Vertreter der kommunalen Spitzenverbände in den vier Ländern ähnlich auf die Themen schauten wie unsere lokalen Gruppen und insofern gute Interessenvermittler sind. Schließlich geben wir einige Handlungsempfehlungen für Politik und Wissenschaft.
A capillary problem for spacelike mean curvature flow in a cone of Minkowski space
Authors: Klingenberg Wilhelm , Lambert Ben , Scheuer Julian
Published: December 2024

Consider a convex cone in three-dimensional Minkowski space which either contains the light cone or is contained in it. This work considers mean curvature flow of a proper spacelike strictly mean convex disc in the cone which is graphical with respect to its rays. Its boundary is required to have constant intersection angle with the boundary of the cone. We prove that the corresponding parabolic boundary value problem for the graph admits a solution for all time which rescales to a self-similarly expanding solution.
Higher differentiability for the fractional p-Laplacian
Authors: Diening Lars , Kim Kyeongbae , Lee Ho-Sik , Nowak Simon
Published: December 2024

In this work, we study the higher differentiability of solutions to the inhomogeneous fractional p-Laplace equation under different regularity assumptions on the data. In the superquadratic case, we extend and sharpen several previous results, while in the subquadratic regime our results constitute completely novel developments even in the homogeneous case. In particular, in the local limit our results are consistent with well-known higher differentiability results for the standard inhomogeneous p-Laplace equation. All of our main results remain valid in the vectorial context of fractional p-Laplace systems.
Foliation adjunction
Authors: Cascini Paolo , Spicer Calum
Published: December 2024

We present an adjunction formula for foliations on varieties and we consider applications of the adjunction formula to the cone theorem for rank one foliations and the study of foliation singularities.
Chronic pelvic insufficiency fractures and their treatment
Authors: Gewiess Jan , Albers Christoph Emanuel , Keel Marius Johann Baptist , Frihagen Frede , Rommens Pol Maria , Bastian Johannes Dominik
Published: December 2024

Fragility and insufficiency fractures of the pelvis (FFP) and sacrum (SIF) are increasingly prevalent, particularly among the elderly, due to weakened bone structure and low-energy trauma. Chronic instability from these fractures causes persistent pain, limited mobility, and significant reductions in quality of life. Hospitalization is often required, with substantial risks of loss of independence (64–89%) and high mortality rates (13–27%). While conservative treatment is possible, surgical intervention is preferred for unstable or progressive fractures. FFP and SIF are primarily associated with osteoporosis, with 71% of patients not receiving adequate secondary fracture prevention. Imaging modalities play a crucial role in diagnosis. Conventional radiography often misses sacral fractures, while computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for evaluating fracture morphology. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the highest sensitivity (99%), essential for detecting complex fractures and assessing bone edema. Advanced techniques like dual-energy CT and SPECT/CT provide further diagnostic value. Rommens and Hofmann’s classification system categorizes FFP based on anterior and posterior pelvic ring involvement, guiding treatment strategies. Progression from stable fractures (FFP I–II) to highly unstable patterns (FFP IV) is common and influenced by factors like pelvic morphology, bone density, and sarcopenia. Treatment varies based on fracture type and stability. Non-displaced posterior fractures can be managed with sacroplasty or screw fixation, while displaced or unstable patterns often require more invasive methods, such as triangular lumbopelvic fixation or transsacral bar osteosynthesis. Sacroplasty provides significant pain relief but has limited stabilizing capacity, while screw augmentation with polymethylmethacrylate improves fixation in osteoporotic bones. Anterior ring fractures may be treated with retrograde transpubic screws or symphyseal plating, with biomechanical stability and long-term outcomes depending on fixation techniques. FFP and SIF management requires a multidisciplinary approach to ensure stability, pain relief, and functional recovery, emphasizing early diagnosis, tailored surgical strategies, and secondary prevention of osteoporotic
fractures.
Pediatric lymphomas: overview and diagnostic challenges
Authors: Choi John Kim , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia
Published: December 2024

Only 10% of new lymphoma diagnoses in the USA occur in children < 15 years. Although the same diagnostic criteria apply to both adult and pediatric lymphomas, there are important differences in some lymphoma subtypes. These differences are recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) with the recent 2022 classification of pediatric tumors including pediatric hematopoietic tumors. Here, we review the WHO classification scheme for pediatric lymphomas and summarize the diagnostic criteria, recent genetic findings, and differences from their adult counterparts for some subtypes including those yet to be included as a definitive subtype. In general, there are differences in relatively frequency, genetic mutation, and prognosis with the pediatric counterpart often having better prognosis. Emerging B-cell lymphomas with recurrent gene alterations such as IRF4 rearrangement and 11q gain/loss chromosomal alterations will be reviewed. The overlapping pathological, clinical, and molecular features between pediatric-type follicular lymphoma (PTFL) and pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma (PNMZL) suggesting one disease with broad morphological spectrum will be discussed. The pathogenetic role of EBV in subclassifying Burkitt lymphoma is highlighted. The revised classification of the EBV-positive lymphoproliferative disorders in children is discussed. This review will focus on novel findings, areas of special interest, and diagnostic challenges in pediatric lymphomas.
Digital phenotypes and digital biomarkers for health and diseases: a systematic review of machine learning approaches utilizing passive non-invasive signals collected via wearable devices and smartphones
Authors: Sameh Alireza , Rostami Mehrdad , Oussalah Mourad , Korpelainen Raija , Farrahi Vahid
Published: December 2024

Passive non-invasive sensing signals from wearable devices and smartphones are typically collected continuously without user input. This passive and continuous data collection makes these signals suitable for moment-by-moment monitoring of health-related outcomes, disease diagnosis, and prediction modeling. A growing number of studies have utilized machine learning (ML) approaches to predict and analyze health indicators and diseases using passive non-invasive signals collected via wearable devices and smartphones. This systematic review identified peer-reviewed journal articles utilizing ML approaches for digital phenotyping and measuring digital biomarkers to analyze, screen, identify, and/or predict health-related outcomes using passive non-invasive signals collected from wearable devices or smartphones. PubMed, PubMed with Mesh, Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore were searched for peer-reviewed journal articles published up to June 2024, identifying 66 papers. We reviewed the study populations used for data collection, data acquisition details, signal types, data preparation steps, ML approaches used, digital phenotypes and digital biomarkers, and health outcomes and diseases predicted using these ML techniques. Our findings highlight the promising potential for objective tracking of health outcomes and diseases using passive non-invasive signals collected from wearable devices and smartphones with ML approaches for characterization and prediction of a range of health outcomes and diseases, such as stress, seizure, fatigue, depression, and Parkinson’s disease. Future studies should focus on improving the quality of collected data, addressing missing data challenges, providing better documentation on study participants, and sharing the source code of the implemented methods and algorithms, along with their datasets and methods, for reproducibility purposes.
Extremal Weight Crystals Over Affine Lie Algebras of Infinite Rank
Authors: Heo Taehyeok
Published: December 2024

We explain extremal weight crystals over affine Lie algebras of infinite rank using combinatorial models: a spinor model due to Kwon, and an infinite rank analogue of Kashiwara-Nakashima tableaux due to Lecouvey. In particular, we show that Lecouvey’s tableau model is isomorphic to an extremal weight crystal of level zero. Using these combinatorial models, we explain an algebra structure of the Grothendieck ring for a category consisting of some extremal weight crystals.
Recovery and expansion of rhodoliths beds and Laminaria rodriguezii forests after bottom trawl ban
Authors: Farriols M. Teresa , Joher Sergi , Ordines Francesc , Guijarro Beatriz , Peteiro César , Massutí Enric
Published: December 2024

Rhodolith beds and Laminaria rodriguezii forests constitute marine habitats of high conservation value. In the Menorca Channel (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean) rhodolith beds predominate in the sedimentary bottoms of the continental shelf and in some areas, these bottoms present an erect stratum with L. rodriguezii. Bottom trawling has negative impacts on rhodolith beds and, specially, on L. rodriguezii forests due to the direct effects of extraction and mechanical destruction and indirect effects related to sediment resuspension and posterior settlement that promotes burial. In this work we compare the distribution of rhodolith beds and L. rodriguezii forests in the Site of Community Importance (SCI) of the Menorca Channel before and after 2016, when a Fishing Protection Zone (FPZ) banning trawling was established. Since the implementation of the FPZ the extension of both rhodolith beds and L. rodriguezii forests have shown an increase of 6% and 54% respectively, and biomass of rhodolith-forming species and L. rodriguezii showed higher values than before the FPZ. The improvement of these habitats in the SCI Menorca Channel evidences that the bottom trawl ban is an effective measure for the conservation and restoration of benthic communities and habitats. This is particularly relevant in the case of rhodolith beds and L. rodriguezii forests due to their ecological importance and their role as essential fish habitats that improve the sustainability of marine living resources.
The older, the better: a comprehensive survey of soil organic carbon under commercial oil palm plantations
Authors: Golicz Karolina , Cheak Sim Choon , Jacobs Suzanne , Große-Stoltenberg André , Safaei Mojdeh , Bellingrath-Kimura Sonoko , Breuer Lutz , Wartenberg Ariani
Published: December 2024

Soil conditions of croplands are a frequent topic of scientific research. In contrast, less is known about large-scale commercial plantations of perennial crops such as oil palm. Oil palm is a globally important tropical commodity crop which contributes to both food and energy security due to its exceptional productivity. However, oil palm crops are associated with short lifecycles and high nutrient demands, which may disproportionately affect soil health. With the goal of exploring baseline soil properties in commercial oil palm plantations, we evaluated data from two large-scale soil surveys carried out in 2014/2015 and 2018/2019 across more than 400 fields located throughout Peninsular Malaysia. We examined variation in field-measured soil quality indicators with a focus on soil organic carbon content at three depths (0–15 cm, 15–30 cm, 30–45 cm) and investigated links with spatial covariates, including plantation age. We found SOC contents to be low (1.6–2%) across the sampled locations with limited correlation with spatial predictors employed in soil organic carbon modelling. Furthermore, we found that immature and young mature plantations, which consisted of fields that were re-planted as part of a 20-year-long oil palm rotation, were characterised by significantly lower soil organic carbon content than the mature plantations. This suggests that management practices should target younger oil palm plantations for soil organic conservation measures to increase the overall baseline SOC content, which will subsequently accumulate over the plantation’s lifespan. We further provide recommendations for future soil sampling efforts, which could increase the robustness of collected data and facilitate their use for soil monitoring through modelling approaches involving, for example, digital soil mapping.
Developing a framework for assessing equity in national contributions to the global goal on adaptation
Authors: Barkai Kalia Ruth , Winkler Harald
Published: December 2024

According to Article 14 of the Paris Agreement, the global stocktake (GST) aims to assess collective progress on the long-term goals of the agreement and will be undertaken considering equity and the best available science. While “fair share” frameworks have been suggested to assess equity in responsibility for mitigation, there is less clarity on how equity can be assessed in contributions to the global goal on adaptation (GGA). Assessing equity in the GGA requires recognising the inherent injustice of climate change, where those least responsible are often most affected by its adverse impacts, as well as addressing the complexity in scale where adaptation actions occur on the local level, but the GGA is a collective goal. Grounded on the results of a narrative and systematic review of existing metrics, this paper proposes a novel rubric-based adaptation equity framework (AEF) that assesses equity in national contributions to the GGA, as part of the GST and is founded on four equity principles: distributive, procedural, recognitional, and intergenerational justice. The AEF is applied to the South African National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (NCCAS) to test its applicability to a specific national contribution to the GGA and to inform the AEF’s effectiveness as part of the GST. The AEF rubrics are accompanied by a summary diagram which demonstrates that South Africa’s NCCAS is strongest in its mainstreaming of distributive justice, requires greater comprehensiveness in the procedural and recognitional justice dimensions, and fails to achieve equity in intergenerational justice.
Make it or break it: A review on PHA synthase and depolymerase proteins
Authors: Vital-Vilchis Isabel , Karunakaran Esther
Published: December 2024

Petroleum-based plastics are recalcitrant world-wide used materials that severely pollute the environment, thus biodegradable bioplastics are emerging as a viable alternative. From this group, the study of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) has stood out for their potential in diverse applications including medicine, packaging and agriculture. The enzyme responsible for PHAs synthesis inside the microbial cell is the PHA synthase (PhaC). PhaCs are present in a wide variety of microorganisms and are classified according to their substrate specificity and subunit composition into 4 classes. Class I, class III and class IV use the acyl-CoA as a precursor to synthesize short-chain-length PHAs while Class II enzymes use an intermediate of the β-oxidation pathways to synthesize medium-chain-length PHAs. Enzymes from this pathway that have been upregulated and downregulated to optimize PHAs production are described in this review. Another important enzyme is the PHA depolymerase (PhaZ) which is responsible for all PHA degradation inside and outside the cell. This review describes both enzymes in detail, including classification, structure, substrate specificity and proven protein engineering techniques for enzymatic rate enhancement and modified substrate specificity of the proteins. It also includes a mutation map for the class II PhaC sequence of Pseudomonas putida that suggest point mutations for future protein engineering work.
Mineral Prospectivity Mapping and Differential Metal Endowment Between Two Greenstone Belts in the Canadian Superior Craton
Authors: Harris J. R. , Strong J. , Thurston P. , Nymoen K. , Haugaard R. , Naghizadeh M. , Tuba G. , Behnia P. , Grunsky E. , Ayer J. , Smith R. , Sherlock R. , Reza-Mokhtari A.
Published: December 2024

Mineral prospectivity maps were produced for gold in two greenstone belts in the Superior geological province in Ontario, Canada, as part of the Metal Earth Project in the Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario. These maps, created using the random forest machine learning algorithm, cover the well-endowed Matheson area, which is in the Abitibi sub-province, and the less fertile Dryden area, which is in the Wabigoon sub-province. Newly identified areas for follow-up gold exploration are associated with major faults and 3D geophysical data comprising resistivity, density and susceptibility data. In addition, observations not used in mineral prospectivity mapping based on magnetotelluric, seismic and isotopic data may in part describe why the Matheson greenstone belt is more fertile with respect to gold mineralization than the Dryden greenstone belt. These observations suggest that the Matheson area has major transcurrent faults associated with conductive zones that reach the surface, many of which are associated with deeply penetrating, vertical faults. The isotopic signature of the Matheson crust also suggests it is juvenile, whereas the Dryden area is older.