bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of a Smartphone HF-Dedicated App in the Remote Monitoring of Heart Failure Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Patient Access, Acceptance, and Adherence to Use
Authors: Ziacchi Matteo , Molon Giulio , Giudici Vittorio , Botto Giovanni Luca , Viscusi Miguel , Brasca Francesco , Santoro Amato , Curcio Antonio , Manzo Michele , Mauro Erminio , Biffi Mauro , Costa Alessandro , Dell’Aquila Andrea , Casale Maria Carla , Boriani Giuseppe
Published: August 2023

(200 w) Introduction. Remote monitoring (RM) of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) diagnostics helps to identify patients potentially at risk of worsening heart failure (HF). Additionally, knowledge of patient HF-related symptoms is crucial for decision making. Patient smartphone applications may represent an ideal option to remotely collect this information. Purpose. To assess real-world HF patient access, acceptance, and adherence to use of an HF-dedicated smartphone application (HF app). Methods. In this study, 10 Italian hospitals administered a survey on smartphone/app use to HF patients with CIED. The subgroup who accepted it downloaded the HF app. Mean 1-year adherence of the HF app use was evaluated. Results. A total of 495 patients (67 ± 13 years, 79% males, 26% NYHA III–IV) completed the survey, of which 84% had access to smartphones and 85% were willing to use the HF app. In total, 311/495 (63%) downloaded the HF app. Patients who downloaded the HF app were younger and had higher school qualification. Patients who were ≥60 years old had higher mean 1-year adherence (54.1%) than their younger counterparts (42.7%; p < 0.001). Hospitals with RM-dedicated staff had higher mean 1-year patient adherence (64.0% vs. 33.5%; p < 0.001). Adherence to HF app decreased from 63.3% (weeks_1–13) to 42.2% (weeks_40–52, p < 0.001). Conclusions. High access and acceptance of smartphones/apps by HF patients with CIED allow HF app use for RM of patient signs/symptoms. Younger patients with higher school qualifications are more likely to accept HF app; however, older patients have higher long-term adherence.
The Clinical Association between Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Myocardial Injury as Measured by Elevated Troponin I Levels
Authors: Patel Bhakti , Omeh Jideofor , Tackling Gary , Gupta Rohun , Sahadeo Tiffany , Villcant Viliane , Dussie Tashina , Atnas Mirette , Hai Ofek , Zeltser Roman , Makaryus Amgad N.
Published: August 2023

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning accounts for over 50,000 estimated emergency room visits and approximately 1200 deaths per year in the US. Despite the high prevalence, there is a paucity of data looking at the association between laboratory biomarkers and clinical outcomes. Our study investigates the association between myocardial injury as assessed by increased troponin levels and its effect on in-hospital outcomes in CO poisoning. A total of 900 sequential charts of patients presenting with CO poisoning between 1 January 2012, and 31 August 2019, at our tertiary center with regional hyperbaric chamber and burn unit, were reviewed. Of the 900, a total of 488 patients had elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels. Of these 488 patients, 119 (24.4%) also had blood troponin levels measured. Patients were stratified based on the presence or absence of myocardial injury as evidenced by highly sensitive serum troponin I (TnI) level > 0.5 ng/mL to determine if a correlation exists relating to myocardial injury and risk of major adverse events. Mean age was 51.2 years, 58.8% were males, 35.3% were non-White, and 10.1% were intentional CO poisonings. Comorbidities included hypertension: 37%, diabetes: 21%, smoking: 21%, hyperlipidemia: 17.6%, coronary artery disease: 11.8%, asthma: 5.9%, heart failure: 5%, atrial fibrillation: 4.2%, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 4.2%. Myocardial injury occurred in 22 patients (18.5%) and was associated with increased likelihood of requiring intensive care admission (54.5% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.002) and intubation (40.9% vs. 14.4%, p = 0.008). TnI elevation was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (p = 0.008, OR 21.3) compared to patients without TnI elevation. Older age was independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality (p = 0.03, OR 1.08). When controlling for age, in-hospital mortality remained statistically significant (p = 0.01, OR 21.37). No significant difference was found with respect to age, comorbidities, gender, race, ethnicity, or hospital length of stay in patients with and without myocardial injury. Myocardial injury induced by CO exposure occurs frequently and adversely affects clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to help guide physicians in the management of CO poisoning and associated myocardial injury to improve patient outcomes.
Long and Short-Term Effects of Hypothermic Machine Perfusion vs. Cold Storage on Transplanted Kidneys from Expanded Criteria Donors—A Matched Comparison Study
Authors: Axelsson Matthias , Lindnér Per , Pehrsson Nils-Gunnar , Baid-Agrawal Seema
Published: August 2023

Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) has been shown to reduce delayed graft function (DGF)-rates in kidneys from expanded criteria donors (ECD) and may increase graft survival compared with static cold storage (SCS). This single-center, retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate this effect. The primary endpoint was the DGF-rate, defined as the use of dialysis in the first postoperative week, excluding the first 24 h. The main secondary endpoint was graft survival at 5 years. Recipients of ECD-kidneys between 2013 and 2021 with ≤2 grafts were included (n = 438). The SCS-kidneys were marginal-matched by propensity score to the HMP-group for donor age, cold ischemia time, and graft number. Multivariable adjusted analysis for confounders in the unmatched cohort and caliper-based ID-matching constituted sensitivity analyses. HMP showed a trend to lower DGF-rate in the marginal-matched comparison (9.2% vs. 16.1%, p = 0.063). This was strengthened by a significant benefit observed for HMP in both the sensitivity analyses: an adjusted OR of 0.45 (95% CI: 0.24; 0.84; p = 0.012) in the multivariable analysis and DGF-rate of 8.7% vs. 17.4% (p = 0.024) after ID-matching. The 5-year graft survival rate was >90% in both groups, with no benefit using HMP (HR = 0.79; 95% CI:0.39–1.16; p = 0.52). Our results suggest that HMP may be effective in decreasing DGF-rates, however, without any significant benefit in graft survival.
Predictive Value of Hypomineralization of Second Primary Molars for Molar Incisor Hypomineralization and Other Relationships between Both Developmental Defects of Dental Enamel
Authors: Marcianes María , García-Camba Pablo , Albaladejo Alberto , Varela Morales Margarita
Published: August 2023

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) are dental enamel developmental defects with significant prevalence and psychophysical impact, posing a public health concern. We examined the relationship between HSPM and MIH in 426 children aged 7 to 10 years (213 with MIH, 213 without MIH). The frequency of HSPM was higher in children with MIH (37.1% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.001). However, there was no correlation between MIH severity and presence of HSPM (p = 0.296). In patients with both defects (n = 79), 90% of severe MIH cases were associated with severe HSPM, while 87.8% of mild MIH cases were associated with mild HSPM (p < 0.001). The involvement of permanent incisors by MIH was not influenced by the presence of HSPM or HSPM severity. HSPM exhibited a positive predictive value of 76.7, negative predictive value of 58.8, sensitivity of 37.1% (95% CI = 30.6–43.6%), and specificity of 88.7% (95% CI = 84.5–93%). The odds ratio for MIH based on HSPM was 4.64 (95% CI). HSPM may serve as a predictor of MIH, but its absence does not rule out the occurrence of MIH. The results highlight the need for surveillance programs in children presenting with HSPM to facilitate early diagnosis and preventive measures for MIH-related complications.
Multidisciplinary Approach to the Diagnosis of Occult Primary Neuroendocrine Neoplasm: A Clinical Challenge
Authors: Rossi Roberta Elisa , Corti Francesca , Pusceddu Sara , Milione Massimo , Coppa Jorgelina , Masoni Benedetta , Oldani Simone , Sabella Giovanna , Cafaro Pietro , Repici Alessandro
Published: August 2023

Approximately 11% to 14% of subjects with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) have metastatic lesions with unknown primary origin (UPO), with the majority of UPO-NENs found in the small bowel. Herein, we assessed the available literature on UPO-NENs, focusing on clinical presentation and diagnostic techniques to identify the primary site. The identification of the primary tumor is important as it affects the prognosis; however, the clinical presentation can be non-specific in non-functioning forms. In the presence of metastatic disease, the histological sample is fundamental to obtain immunohistochemical markers that might orientate the clinician in the search for the primary tumor through radiology, functional imaging and endoscopic techniques. In summary, multidisciplinary management plays a key role in UPO-NENs, even more than in other NENs. Molecular biology and gene-expression profiling represent areas of great interest which might be developed in the near future for both the diagnosis and the treatment of these neoplasms.
Systematic Literature Review Shows Gaps in Data on Global Prevalence and Birth Prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease and Sickle Cell Trait: Call for Action to Scale Up and Harmonize Data Collection
Authors: Colombatti Raffaella , Hegemann Inga , Medici Morten , Birkegård Camilla
Published: August 2023

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited monogenic disorder with high prevalence throughout sub-Saharan Africa, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, and India. Sources of SCD epidemiology remain scarce and fragmented. A systematic literature review (SLR) to identify peer-reviewed studies on SCD epidemiology was performed, with a search of bibliographic databases and key conference proceedings from 1 January 2010 to 25 March 2022 (congress abstracts after 2018). The SLR followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Meta-analyses, using a binomial normal random-effects model, were performed to estimate global and regional prevalence and birth prevalence. Of 1770 journal articles and 468 abstracts screened, 115 publications met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence was highest in Africa (~800/100,000), followed by the Middle East (~200/100,000) and India (~100/100,000), in contrast to ~30/100,000 in Europe. Birth prevalence was highest in Africa (~1000/100,000) and lowest in North America (~50/100,000) and Europe (~30/100,000). This SLR confirmed that sub-Saharan and North-East Africa, India, the Middle East, and the Caribbean islands are global SCD hotspots. Publications including mortality data were sparse, and no conclusions could be drawn about mortality. The identified data were limited due to gaps in the published literature for large parts of the world population; the inconsistent reporting of SCD genotypes, diagnostic criteria, and settings; and a sparsity of peer-reviewed publications from countries with assumed high prevalence. This SLR demonstrated a lack of systematic knowledge and a need to provide uniform data collection on SCD prevalence and mortality.
The Revolution of Immunotherapy in Gynecological Cancers: The Lazarus Effect in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Ducceschi Monika , Polignano Maggie , Bini Marta , Lopez Salvatore , Conca Elena , Tamborini Elena , Perrone Federica , Carlo Stella Giulia , Petrella Maria Cristina , Carciotto Rosaria , Artioli Grazia , Maffeis Valeria , Sartor Lucia , Raspagliesi Francesco , Mantiero Mara
Published: August 2023

Patients with solid tumors and mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) are eligible for immunotherapy. Recently, different reports described patients with poor performance status (PS), unrelated to comorbidities, which showed a rapid improvement of their clinical conditions under immunotherapy, which evoked a Lazarus response. Very few data on the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in patients with gynecological malignancies and poor PS are available. Based on the GARNET trial, Dostarlimab, a monoclonal antibody anti-programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), has been approved in advanced or recurrent mismatch repair deficient endometrial cancer (EC) which progressed after platinum-based therapy. For the first time, in gynecological oncology, an immune checkpoint inhibitor drastically changed the clinical practice. We collected a multicenter case series of six patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma and PS ECOG 3–4 treated with Dostarlimab, showing exceptionally quick responses and significant improvement of PS to configure a Lazarus response.
Improving Medical Imaging with Medical Variation Diffusion Model: An Analysis and Evaluation
Authors: Rguibi Zakaria , Hajami Abdelmajid , Zitouni Dya , Elqaraoui Amine , Zourane Reda , Bouajaj Zayd
Published: August 2023

The Medical VDM is an approach for generating medical images that employs variational diffusion models (VDMs) to smooth images while preserving essential features, including edges. The primary goal of the Medical VDM is to enhance the accuracy and reliability of medical image generation. In this paper, we present a comprehensive description of the Medical VDM approach and its mathematical foundation, as well as experimental findings that showcase its efficacy in generating high-quality medical images that accurately reflect the underlying anatomy and physiology. Our results reveal that the Medical VDM surpasses current VDM methods in terms of generating faithful medical images, with a reconstruction loss of 0.869, a diffusion loss of 0.0008, and a latent loss of 5.740068×10−5. Furthermore, we delve into the potential applications of the Medical VDM in clinical settings, such as its utility in medical education and training and its potential to aid clinicians in diagnosis and treatment planning. Additionally, we address the ethical concerns surrounding the use of generated medical images and propose a set of guidelines for their ethical use. By amalgamating the power of VDMs with clinical expertise, our approach constitutes a significant advancement in the field of medical imaging, poised to enhance medical education, research, and clinical practice, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
Experimental Investigation into the Tail-Slapping Motion of a Projectile with an Oblique Water-Entry Speed
Authors: Lu Lin , Gao Cisong , Li Fei , Zhang Dongxiao , Yan Xuepu , Li Qiang , Hu Yanxiao
Published: August 2023

In this study, the tail-slapping behavior of an oblique water-entry projectile is investigated through high-speed photography technology. The experimental images and data are captured, extracted and processed using a digital image processing method. The experimental repeatability is verified. By examining the formation, development and collapse process of the projectile’s cavity, this study investigates the impact of the tail-slapping motion on the cavity’s evolution. Furthermore, it examines the distinctive characteristics of both the tail-slapping cavity and the original cavity at varying initial water-entry speeds. By analyzing the formation, development and collapse process of the cavity of the projectile, the influence of the tail-slapping motion on the cavity evolution is explored. Furthermore, it examines the evolution characteristics of both the tail-slapping cavity and the original cavity under different initial water-entry speeds. The results indicate that a tail-slapping cavity is formed during the reciprocating motion of the projectile. The tail-slapping cavity fits closely with the original cavity and is finally pulled off from the surface of the original cavity to collapse. In addition, as the initial water-entry speed increases, both the maximum cross-section size of the tail-slapping cavity and the length of the original cavity gradually increase. With the increase in the number of tail-slapping motions, the speed attenuation amplitude of the projectile increases during each tail-slapping motion, the time interval between two tail-slapping motions is gradually shortened, the energy loss of the projectile correspondingly enlarges, and the speed storage capacity of the projectile decreases.
Fast Calibration of Superdirective Ultra-Short Baseline Array
Authors: Hu Ruoyu , Wang Yingqiang , Yang Wencheng , Chen Ying , Huang S. H.
Published: August 2023

Array calibration can effectively ensure the positioning accuracy of the ultra-short baseline (USBL) system. Traditional USBL array calibration methods focus on measuring the geometric position of the array elements. However, directional phase differences on the receive path are often ignored in the current calibration process, which can also cause array mismatch, especially when using the superdirective beamforming (SDB) technique. To further improve the calibration accuracy and convenience of the USBL using the SDB technique, a fast calibration method is proposed in this paper. In the new method, the hydrophone geometry error and the receiver path phase error are jointly considered. Then, two calibration models with different complexity are presented, and the conventional beamforming (CBF) beam output is deconvoluted with the calibrated beam pattern. The results of anechoic tank experiments show that the bearing root mean square error (RMSE) can be reduced from 1.663° to 0.081°, and the calibration time can be reduced from hours to tens of minutes.
Stability on the Excavation Surface of Submarine Shield Tunnel Considering the Fluid–Solid Coupling Effect and the Equivalent Layer
Authors: Wang Qian , Li Qiang , Zhu Jiancai , Zhu Ze’an
Published: August 2023

The support pressure on an excavation surface is a critical factor in the ground deformation and excavation stability of a submarine shield tunnel. The shield tail gap and the disturbance zone of grouting behind the tunnel wall are also important influencing factors. However, the effects of these factors on excavation stability are difficult to quantify. Consequently, a homogeneous, elastic, and annular equivalent layer is employed to simulate the thin layer behind the tunnel wall. Using COMSOL Multiphysics software, the effects of the water level depth, the thickness of the equivalent layer, the diameter of the shield tunnel, and the internal friction of soil and tunnel burial depth on the excavation deformation and ground surface subsidence of a submarine tunnel are considered with regard to the fluid–solid coupling effect. The result show that the surface subsidence of the case with respect to the fluid–solid coupling effect and the equivalent layer is larger than that without interstitial fluid and the equivalent layer, indicating that the present model can better simulate the stability of tunnel excavation. Therefore, it is important to consider the impact of the fluid–solid coupling effect and the equivalent layer on the deformation of the excavation face and ground surface subsidence.
Ecological Assessment of Fishery Communities in an Otter-Trawl-Restricted, Semi-Enclosed Gulf in Greece
Authors: Klaoudatos Dimitris , Vardali Sofia , Apostologamvrou Chrisoula , Lolas Alexios , Neofitou Nikolaos , Conides Alexios , Gkafas Georgios A. , Sarantopoulou Joanne , Kolindrini Dorothea , Roditi Kyriakoula , Exadactylos Athanasios , Vafidis Dimitris
Published: August 2023

A fishery-independent survey with a commercial bottom otter trawl was conducted in the Pagasitikos Gulf, a semi-enclosed, trawl-restricted gulf in Greece. The study aimed to ecologically assess the fishery communities that are experiencing a decline in fishery landings. Twelve hauls of 30 min duration each were conducted in the eastern, western, and central parts of the gulf at depths between 62 and 97 m. In total, 57 species were captured, with the highest species number recorded in the west (35 species), followed by the center (32 species) and east (29 species). The highest numerical abundance was recorded at the center, followed by the east and west, with an opposing trend exhibited for biomass; however, GLM detected no significant spatial differences (in area or depth) or interaction. Ecological indices exhibited significantly lower values in the west–east area comparison. Linear Discriminant Analysis, mMDS, and hierarchical clustering indicated the presence of two main groups (east and west), with PERMANOVA showing a significant difference in the demersal communities among the identified groups. The results indicated moderately disturbed demersal communities and an increasing level of disturbance from east to west. Considering the economic value of Pagasitikos to the local fishing community, additional fishery management measures are deemed necessary to protect the fishery resources and mitigate the potential risks of overexploitation.
Mussel Meal as a Promotor of Growth Performance for the Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Claessens Stef , Aragão Cláudia , Hoffling Flávia Banderó , Pinheiro Isabela , Fracalossi Débora Machado , Vieira Felipe Nascimento
Published: August 2023

Mussel meal (species Perna perna) was evaluated as a potential feed additive for whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diets to improve growth and cold resistance. Five experimental diets (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% of mussel meal inclusion) were tested in quadruplicate in whiteleg shrimp, using twenty polyethylene tanks of 400 L. Each tank was stocked with 40 shrimp (3.5 ± 0.5 g), filled with seawater and kept under constant aeration and a temperature of 28.4 ± 0.4 °C. After 8 weeks, the growth and feed efficiency of the shrimp were evaluated, and a thermal shock was administered. The shrimp that were fed with the addition of 3 or 4% mussel meal in their diets showed similar results as the control (0% inclusion), while the addition of 1 or 2% mussel meal in the diet resulted in a significantly higher final weight, weight gain and relative growth rate and a lower feed conversion ratio. Further, no differences were observed in thermal shock resistance and survival among the treatments. In conclusion, mussel meal can be used as a feed additive in whiteleg shrimp diets to improve growth, and quadratic regression models indicate that the best levels of inclusion range from 1.73 to 2.00%.
Global Sound Absorption Prediction for a Composite Coating Laid on an Underwater Submersible in Debonding States
Authors: Zhang Zhifu , Huang Yizhe , Wang Jiaxuan , Li Zhuang , Zhang Shiyuan , Zhang Xirui
Published: August 2023

To address the problem that anechoic coatings frequently fall off from modern submersible hulls and are detrimental to the realization of underwater acoustic stealth, this paper focuses on the broadband sound absorbing of acoustic coverings in debonding states from fully bonded span to fully shedded conditions. Based on the non-uniform waveguide theory, subdomain splitting approach, and wave propagation theory in layered media, a global transfer matrix method (TMM) is developed for predicting the sound absorption of a composite overburden with periodic cavities in all peeling situations. Meanwhile, the corresponding acoustic-structure fully coupled finite element (FE) simulation and hydroacoustic impedance tube-based absorption experiment are sequentially performed for the lining in a semi-bonded state to comprehensively verify the accuracy and reliability of the present analytical methodology. Then, the influence laws of debonding states, material properties, and geometric parameters on the global absorption performance are investigated in depth to reveal the multiple energy dissipation mechanisms. The results show that the shedding state primarily affects the sound absorption characteristics of anechoic coatings in the low- to mid-frequency band below 7 kHz.
The Impact of Numerical Parameters on the Resistance Characteristics of a Container Ship at the Model and Full Scale
Authors: Grlj Carlo Giorgio , Degiuli Nastia , Martić Ivana
Published: August 2023

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool used to predict the resistance characteristics of a ship. However, it is important to determine the numerical and modelling errors to assure accurate results. The aim of this study is the investigation of the impact of different numerical parameters on the total resistance, wave pattern and ship motion in numerical simulations at the model and full scale. These include the turbulence model and discretization schemes for convection, gradient and temporal terms within the governing equations. The numerical model used in numerical simulations is based on Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations which are discretized using the Finite Volume Method (FVM). To locate and track the free surface, the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is employed. The Grid Convergence Index (GCI) method is used for the verification study. The obtained results show that the selection of the discretization scheme for temporal term does not have impact on the median value of the total resistance and that the first-order scheme assures faster convergence in numerical simulations at the full scale. A higher portion of the frictional resistance in the total resistance is obtained with numerical simulations at the model scale in comparison to the full scale.
Quantity and Quality of Light on Growth and Pigment Content of Dunaliella sp. and Anabaena sp. Cultures and the Use of Their Absorption Spectra as a Proxy Method for Assessment
Authors: Hotos George N.
Published: August 2023

(1) Background: As microalgae cultures are affected by the quantity and quality of light, I explored this for two species. Additionally, I introduced a novel easy and economical way for the growers to easily and economically ascertain continuously with satisfactory accuracy the quantitative and qualitative status of their culture using absorption spectra. (2) Methods: The locally isolated chlorophyte Dunaliella sp. and the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. were cultured in small volumes with two intensities of white light (2000 and 8000 lux) and with green, blue and red light, and the increase in their biomass and pigments was studied. Pigment analyses, continuous recordings of absorption spectra and calibration curves were used. (3) Results: The intensity of 8000 lux of white light yielded the highest increase in biomass, chlorophylls and carotenoids in Dunaliella sp., and the same was found for green and blue light, while 2000 lux and green light caused the greatest increase in biomass and phycocyanin in Anabaena sp. From the absorption spectra, the evolution of the pigment content can be estimated, and both pigments and biomass are correlated very strongly with those extracted from the spectra absorption of 750 nm. (4) Conclusions: The use of absorption spectra as an easy, fast and economical method can be a useful tool for a good approximation of the state of the microalgae culture. This is clearly shown when the spectra of the cultures under different light intensities and colors are compared having a catalytic effect on the level of the pigments leading to the increase in carotenoids and phycocyanin of the green light.
Impact of Spatial Segmentation on the Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability—Insights and Practical Recommendations
Authors: Tsaimou Christina N. , Papadimitriou Andreas , Chalastani Vasiliki Ι. , Sartampakos Panagiotis , Chondros Michalis , Tsoukala Vasiliki K.
Published: August 2023

Coastal areas are dynamic multidimensional systems challenged by the complex interactions between natural, environmental, and human-induced pressures, as well as the ever-changing climate. A comprehensive evaluation of their spatial and temporal features enables the development of effective practices required to apply integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) policies. ICZM seeks to address the vulnerability of coastal areas in an attempt to mitigate their weaknesses and increase their resilience. Hence, coastal vulnerability assessment is a prerequisite to proceed with optimal adaptation or upgrading actions. Currently, assessments are performed by considering different approaches related to dividing coastal areas into segments to observe the spatial variations of vulnerability. The present research seeks to investigate the impact of the spatial segmentation of coastal areas on the assessment of their vulnerability. To achieve this, a case study of the coastal zone of the Municipality of Thebes, located in the Northeastern Corinthian Gulf, Greece, is examined. Five segmentation approaches are applied in terms of a physical-based vulnerability assessment for two different time horizons, (a) the present and (b) the future, by incorporating the climate change impacts. This study allows for optimizing practices to estimate vulnerability parameters and obtain reliable results for practical applications while reducing time-consuming analyses.
Effect of Square Cap on Pile-Group Wave Force: Parametric Analysis and Case Study
Authors: Ma Rujin , Liu Yi , Chang Haocheng , Hong Zhenkun
Published: August 2023

The square cap is a typical semi-submersible component of sea-crossing bridges, which connects piers and pile-group foundations. As the cap size is large, it usually has a non-negligible influence on the wave motion around the pile-group foundation, so it is not considered in the relevant specification. However, neglecting this influence may have adverse effects on the structure. In this paper, the wave forces on capped pile groups are simulated by a numerical wave flume. Firstly, the numerical flume used in this paper is validated by an experiment in the previous literature. Then, capped pile groups with different arrangements and different water levels are modeled to study the interference effect of the square cap on the wave force, and the variation law of the interference effect coefficient Kcp of the cap is given. Next, we introduce Kcp into the theoretical formula of wave forces on pile groups and obtain a modified formula that considers the cap effect. To verify the feasibility of the modified formula in practical engineering, we use the formula to calculate the wave forces acting on capped pile groups of a sea-crossing bridge. The results of the modified theoretical formula are compared with that of the numerical water flume and recommended values in the specification. It is found that the theoretical values are relatively close to the numerical results, while the specification values tend to be conservative. The modified theoretical formula proposed in this paper and the obtained parameter distribution law can provide a reference for engineering design.
Robot-Assisted versus Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis of Intra- and Post-Operative Complications
Authors: Iacovazzo Carmine , Buonanno Pasquale , Massaro Maria , Ianniello Marilena , de Siena Andrea Uriel , Vargas Maria , Marra Annachiara
Published: August 2023

Background: The use of robotic surgery is attracting ever-growing interest for its potential advantages such as small incisions, fine movements, and magnification of the operating field. Only a few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have explored the differences in perioperative outcomes between the two approaches. Methods: We screened the main online databases from inception to May 2023. We included studies in English enrolling adult patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery. We used the following exclusion criteria: surgery with the involvement of thoracic esophagus, and patients affected by severe heart, pulmonary and end-stage renal disease. We compared intra- and post-operative complications, length of hospitalization, and costs between laparoscopic and robotic approaches. Results: A total of 18 RCTs were included. We found no differences in the rate of anastomotic leakage, cardiovascular complications, estimated blood loss, readmission, deep vein thrombosis, length of hospitalization, mortality, and post-operative pain between robotic and laparoscopic surgery; post-operative pneumonia was less frequent in the robotic approach. The conversion to open surgery was less frequent in the robotic approach, which was characterized by shorter time to first flatus but higher operative time and costs. Conclusions: The robotic gastrointestinal surgery has some advantages compared to the laparoscopic technique such as lower conversion rate, faster recovery of bowel movement, but it has higher economic costs.
Spatial Morphological Characteristics of Ethnic Villages in the Dadu River Basin, a Sino-Tibetan Area of Sichuan, China
Authors: Xiao Hai , Xue Congli , Yu Jiahao , Yu Chuwei , Peng Guoqiang
Published: August 2023

Analysis of spatial patterns and driving factors of different ethnic villages under regional integration is important for the conservation and development of ethnic villages. This article takes seven multi-ethnic villages in the Dadu River Basin of Ganzi Prefecture as an example; we employ a quantitative model of spatial syntax based on the theory of figure–ground relationship to link the tangible and intangible spaces. The results reveal the logical context and formation mechanism among the overall layout, residential architecture, and public space of the villages. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) The site of different ethnic villages reflects commonality. (2) The spatial configurations of the villages are significantly influenced by the surrounding natural environment, with significant differences. Cluster-concentrated villages exhibit the smallest expansion trend, rich spatial levels, and strong ethnic territoriality; strip-intensive villages have the largest scale and the strongest permeability; and radiation-dispersion villages have variable expansion directions and architectural relationships among residents. (3) Both of the participants’ selection behaviors and residential spaces constitute the internal structure for the ethnic culture, which is driven by the humanistic spirit and force of social order, making the spatial morphology a diversified and multi-layered characteristic. (4) The rural space has gradually changed from a single residential unit to a complex unit with multiple functions. The findings extend the scope of research to ethnic villages in watersheds and provide a theoretical and practical basis for the development of other similar rural villages.
Preferences and Perception Influencing Usage of Neighborhood Public Urban Green Spaces in Fast Urbanizing Indian City
Authors: Lahoti Shruti Ashish , Lahoti Ashish , Dhyani Shalini , Saito Osamu
Published: August 2023

In rapidly expanding Indian cities, the current provisions for public urban green spaces (PUGS) falls below the minimum standards recommended by the WHO, linked with the well-being of urban dwellers. The local authorities are struggling to fulfill the supply side gap, with a disparity in PUGS provisions. Currently, the provisions focus on fulfilling the prerequisites identified by the planning agencies and do not appropriately address the urban greenspace demands. However, effective planning has been emphasized as a way to respond to the diverse, competing and changing demands of PUGS, allowing the incorporation of the needs and preferences of urban dwellers in the planning and management of PUGS to help determine their multifunctionality, usefulness, and popularity. In response, this study attempts to capture the demands of urban dwellers through local social data for neighborhood PUGS of the fast-urbanizing Nagpur. We attempt to assist local authorities in better understanding the provisions for planning and managing PUGS that can fulfil the growing PUGS needs of urban dwellers. Via a social survey of users and residents, we capture visitations, usage, activities, motives of visits, and perceptions about neighborhood PUGS characteristics. The findings highlight the determinants that influence the usage and favored activities. Urban dwellers have a strong tendency to use neighborhood “parks and gardens” due to their convenient proximity, emphasizing how crucial their location is in shaping urban residents’ engagement with these spaces. The socio-demographics shape the preference, and the locals hold negative perceptions about size, vegetation, amenities, as well as maintenance. The identified determinants (access and availability), influencing factors (socio-demographic), and the barrier to usage (negative perceptions) need prioritized attention from the local authorities to accommodate the diverse and competing demands of different sub-groups of the urban dwellers.
Prediction of Amino Acid Substitutions in ABL1 Protein Leading to Tumor Drug Resistance Based on “Structure-Property” Relationship Classification Models
Authors: Zhuravleva Svetlana I. , Zadorozhny Anton D. , Shilov Boris V. , Lagunin Alexey A.
Published: August 2023

Drug resistance to anticancer drugs is a serious complication in patients with cancer. Typically, drug resistance occurs due to amino acid substitutions (AAS) in drug target proteins. The study aimed at developing and validating a new approach to the creation of structure-property relationships (SPR) classification models to predict AASs leading to drug resistance to inhibitors of tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1. The approach was based on the representation of AASs as peptides described in terms of structural formulas. The data on drug-resistant and non-resistant variants of AAS for two isoforms of ABL1 were extracted from the COSMIC database. The given training sets (approximately 700 missense variants) were used for the creation of SPR models in MultiPASS software based on substructural atom-centric multiple neighborhoods of atom (MNA) descriptors for the description of the structural formula of protein fragments and a Bayesian-like algorithm for revealing structure-property relationships. It was found that MNA descriptors of the 6th level and peptides from 11 amino acid residues were the best combination for ABL1 isoform 1 with the prediction accuracy (AUC) of resistance to imatinib (0.897) and dasatinib (0.996). For ABL1 isoform 2 (resistance to imatinib), the best combination was MNA descriptors of the 6th level, peptides form 15 amino acids (AUC value was 0.909). The prediction of possible drug-resistant AASs was made for dbSNP and gnomAD data. The six selected most probable imatinib-resistant AASs were additionally validated by molecular modeling and docking, which confirmed the possibility of resistance for the E334V and T392I variants.
Capsule Enteroscopy Using the Mirocam® versus OMOM® Systems: A Matched Case–Control Study
Authors: Estevinho Maria Manuela , Pinho Rolando , Rodrigues Adélia , Ponte Ana , Correia João , Mesquita Pedro , Freitas Teresa
Published: August 2023

Although several devices are available for small bowel capsule endoscopy, few studies have compared their visualization quality and diagnostic yield, despite users reporting subjective differences between them. This study aims to compare two widely used systems (Mirocam® MC1600 and OMOM® HD). Patients who underwent OMOM® HD capsule enteroscopy between August 2022 and February 2023 were prospectively included consecutively (cases). Controls were retrospectively selected from a database of patients who underwent Mirocam® MC1600 enteroscopy between March 2018 and July 2022 in a 1:1 ratio. Controls were matched for potential confounders (age, sex, indication, hospitalization, comorbidities, and opioid prescription). The small bowel cleanliness (global and divided by tertiles), the diagnostic yield (positive findings) and the transit times (TT) were compared. Overall, 214 patients were included (107:107). Global bowel preparation was similar between the OMOM® and Mirocam® groups. However, the average scores for each tertile were significantly higher when the OMOM® HD capsule was used (p < 0.05). Small bowel TT was shorter for OMOM® HD (265 ± 118 versus 307 ± 87 min, p = 0.020), while the diagnostic yield (55.0%) and relative distribution of lesions were similar. This study suggests that capsule characteristics, namely resolution, and illumination, systematically interfere with the perception of preparation quality. However, this did not affect the diagnostic yield.
Pediatric Gastroenterology Research
Authors: Lupu Vasile , Beşer Ömer , Gurzu Simona , Stefanescu Gabriela , Starcea Iuliana , Adam Raileanu Anca , Popp Alina , Lupu Ancuta
Published: August 2023

For several decades, before the 19th century, pediatric pathology was considered to be an annex of adult pathology and treated as a secondary matter in medical practice [...]
Enhanced Superconducting Critical Parameters in a New High-Entropy Alloy Nb0.34Ti0.33Zr0.14Ta0.11Hf0.08
Authors: Idczak Rafał , Nowak Wojciech , Rusin Bartosz , Topolnicki Rafał , Ossowski Tomasz , Babij Michał , Pikul Adam
Published: August 2023

The structural and physical properties of the new titanium- and niobium-rich type-A high-entropy alloy (HEA) superconductor Nb0.34Ti0.33Zr0.14Ta0.11Hf0.08 (in at.%) were studied by X-ray powder diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, magnetization, electrical resistivity, and specific heat measurements. In addition, electronic structure calculations were performed using two complementary methods: the Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker Coherent Potential Approximation (KKR-CPA) and the Projector Augmented Wave (PAW) within Density Functional Theory (DFT). The results obtained indicate that the alloy exhibits type II superconductivity with a critical temperature close to 7.5 K, an intermediate electron–phonon coupling, and an upper critical field of 12.2(1) T. This finding indicates that Nb0.34Ti0.33Zr0.14Ta0.11Hf0.08 has one of the highest upper critical fields among all known HEA superconductors.
Effect of Olive Pit Reinforcement in Polylactic Acid Biocomposites on Environmental Degradation
Authors: Jurado-Contreras Sofía , Navas-Martos Francisco J. , Rodríguez-Liébana José A. , La Rubia M. Dolores
Published: August 2023

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biomaterial widely used as an alternative to petroleum-based polymeric matrices in plastic components. PLA-based biocomposites reinforced with lignocellulosic waste are currently receiving special attention owing to their mechanical properties, low toxicity, recyclability, and biodegradability. The influence of the percentage of waste on their properties and resistance to degradation are some of the points of great relevance. Therefore, a series of PLA-based biocomposites containing different percentages of olive pits (5, 15, 25 and 40% wt.) were manufactured and characterized both (a) immediately after manufacture and (b) after one year of storage under environmental conditions. The results obtained were analyzed to evaluate the influence of the incorporation of olive pits on the resistance to degradation (measured through Carbonyl Indices, CI), mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact strength), structure (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FT-IR; and, X-ray Diffraction, XRD), morphology (Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM) and water absorption capacity of the manufactured materials. PLA degradation, corroborated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR, and XRD, resulted in a decrease in tensile and flexural strengths and an increase in the tensile and flexural moduli. This trend was maintained for the biocomposites, confirming that reinforcement promoted the PLA degradation.
Vanadium Nitride Nanoparticles Grown on Carbon Fiber Cloth as an Advanced Binder-Free Anode for the Storage of Sodium and Potassium Ions
Authors: Qin Yiwei , Zhang Haimin , Yanghe Jiachen , Yang Jing , Li Wei , Zhao Xiaojun , Liu Sainan
Published: August 2023

The escalating demand for sustainable and high-performance energy storage systems has led to the exploration of alternative battery technologies for lithium-ion batteries. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as promising candidates because of their abundant Na/K resources, inexpensive costs, and similar chemistries to lithium-ion batteries. However, inherent challenges, such as large ionic radii, sluggish kinetics, and serious volume expansion, necessitate the development of robust and efficient anode materials for SIBs and PIBs. Vanadium nitride has attracted increasing attention as a viable anode due to its high electronic conductivity and potential capacity. In this study, we report on a flexible electrode for SIBs and PIBs that creates binder-free anodes by synthesizing vanadium nitride nanoparticles grown directly on carbon fiber cloths (VN/CFC). The unique architecture and binder-free nature of this anode ensure a robust electrode–electrolyte interface and enhance its electron/ion transport kinetics. The results demonstrate that the material exhibits an outstanding specific discharge capacity of 227 mAh g−1 after undergoing 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1 for SIBs. An electrochemical analysis indicated that the excellent performance of the material is attributed to the bind-free structure of carbon fiber cloth and the fast kinetics of surface pseudo-capacitive contribution. Furthermore, the material continues to demonstrate an impressive performance, even for PIBs, with a specific discharge capacity of 125 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. This study provides a new perspective for designing and developing advanced binder-free anodes for the storage of sodium and potassium ions, paving the way for high-performance energy storage applications.
Boosting Electro- and Photo-Catalytic Activities in Atomically Thin Nanomaterials by Heterointerface Engineering
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Jiang Xinyue , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2023

Since the discovery of graphene, two-dimensional ultrathin nanomaterials with an atomic thickness (typically <5 nm) have attracted tremendous interest due to their fascinating chemical and physical properties. These ultrathin nanomaterials, referred to as atomically thin materials (ATMs), possess inherent advantages such as a high specific area, highly exposed surface-active sites, efficient atom utilization, and unique electronic structures. While substantial efforts have been devoted to advancing ATMs through structural chemistry, the potential of heterointerface engineering to enhance their properties has not yet been fully recognized. Indeed, the introduction of bi- or multi-components to construct a heterointerface has emerged as a crucial strategy to overcome the limitations in property enhancement during ATM design. In this review, we aim to summarize the design principles of heterointerfacial ATMs, present general strategies for manipulating their interfacial structure and catalytic properties, and provide an overview of their application in energy conversion and storage, including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR), photocatalysis, and rechargeable batteries. The central theme of this review is to establish correlations among interfacial modulation, structural and electronic properties, and ATMs’ major applications. Finally, based on the current research progress, we propose future directions that remain unexplored in interfacial ATMs for enhancing their properties and introducing novel functionalities in practical applications.