bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A SOCIOLOGY OF JEALOUSY
Authors: Clanton Gordon
Published: February 2008

In this paper, I sum up more than 20 years of research and reflection on jealousy. A chronological account of this work is followed by a thematic summary of the findings and some discussion of the relationship between sociology and psychology. Sociological analysis shows that jealousy and other emotions are shaped by social situations, social processes, and social forces. Micro‐sociology reveals that jealousy is learned. Jealousy reflects the life experience of the individual. Meso‐sociology reveals that jealousy is socially useful, indeed, indispensable to social order. Jealousy reflects the institution of marriage and the prohibition of adultery. Macro‐sociology reveals that jealousy is shaped by society and culture. Jealousy reflects the history and the values of a people—and the relevant values vary from time to time and place to place. In the United States, for example, a new and more negative view of jealousy emerged after about 1970 as a result of the sexual revolution and the women's movement.
SYSTEMIC PEDAGOGY: ACTIVATING SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM
Authors: Ingraham Chrys
Published: February 2008

This paper introduces systemic pedagogy as a strategy for teaching sociology at all levels and for addressing social issues as they manifest in and around undergraduate institutions. The application of systemic pedagogy to the development of a research and programming initiative at a small four‐year teaching college is discussed, highlighting the “real world” situations which permeate campus life. This approach to teaching sociology engages the intersection of social issues, institutions, and community and shifts the locus of learning to incorporate a multiplicity of sites and methodologies.
DILEMMAS IN THE SOCIOLOGY CURRICULUM: THE FIRST DEGREE IN BRITISH UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Gubbay Jon
Published: February 2008

Four conferences, held in Britain in 1991/2, on particular specialisms in Sociology considered their place within the curriculum and how distinctions can be drawn between what is essential to a first degree in Sociology and what are optional elements. The research aim was to develop a qualitative understanding of the way particular specialisms within Sociology are constituted through teaching and fined into the overall curriculum. The conferences were of practical benefit to the participants in clarifying assumptions embedded in alternative course designs, facilitating the flow of good ideas about teaching methods and learning materials and establishing personal contacts with teachers from other institutions in the same field of study. The topics of the four conferences were Sociology of Culture, Sociology of Work and Employment, Methods of Social Research and Sociological Theory.
RE‐FORMING THE SOCIOLOGY MAJOR: A PROGRAM TO ENHANCE THE TEACHING OF SOCIOLOGY AT THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL
Authors: Richard Terry L. , Buffalo  , Miller John S.
Published: February 2008

This paper provides a descriptive overview of the various curriculum, teaching, advising and assessment changes implemented in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock through a series of recommendations made by the American Sociological Association in their 1990 monograph, Liberal Learning and the Sociology Major, under the Re‐forming‐the‐Major project supported by a grant from the American Association of Colleges. Curriculum changes structured new coursework concentrations and linked them with other community and academic programs. New critical thinking and collaborative learning modules were incorporated within all courses with specific demands required of all faculty. Also discussed are the multifaceted efforts to create a sense of community among faculty, staff and students within our program. An integral part of this effort was a systematic overhaul of our advising system and a stronger substantive (financial) support of our Sociology/Anthropology Club. An important by‐product of the program assessment activities was to develop a mechansim to assist faculty to buy into this change inducing initative. An Annual Review Menu was established to reward faculty for participation in new efforts and is also briefly presented alomg with some attendant problems.
IS A LIBERAL ARTS EDUCATION STILL RELEVANT? SURVEY RESULTS FROM GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES
Authors: Cover J. Daniel
Published: February 2008

This research evaluates the support for eight liberal arts goals: thinking clearly; knowing the physical universe; cultural awareness; moral awareness; valuing thought; thought/feeling relationships; independent action; and tolerance and concern for others. (1) The survey of 1,014 consists of 541 graduates and 473 undergraduates of a small southern liberal arts university. A low response rate for graduates led to comparisons of returns to the original sample frame in terms of: year graduated, sex composition, and ratings by survey return date. (2) the GER scale consists of 8 subscales and 33 items. Each item is rated by importance and gains in college. Cronbach's Alpha for subscales ranged from .67 to .82 with an overall ∝ =.928. (3) Results. All goals were rated as Very Important to Extremely Important. GER goals were rated more important by undergraduates who were: women, leaders, community volunteers, and those with out‐of‐class experience. Tolerance and Concern for Others was the most important goal. Greatest gains were in thinking clearly. Support of the liberal arts program, defined as a combination of gains and importance, increased from freshman to senior class. Support was unexpectedly strong for more affective components of the program. Limitations of this research are used to suggest future areas of study.
CURRICULAR CHALLENGES FOR THE TWENTY‐FIRST CENTURY
Authors: Kain Edward L.
Published: February 2008

The papers in this collection address a set of important issues facing our discipline. These issues cross national boundaries, and indeed are important far beyond the sociological sphere. My brief comments here will use these papers as a springboard for noting several important curricular challenges and trends for sociology, in particular, and academia, more generally, as we enter the next century.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Foner Anne , Waring Joan
Published: February 2008

The term “intergenerational relations” is often used to refer to quite distinct phenomena (Kertzer, 1983). For example, the term may connote relationships across generations within the family context, or, it may connote societal‐wide relations across age strata such as the old and the young. The focus of the papers in this volume is on the first meaning of the term, on intergenerational relationships in family lineages. However, as we will note in our concluding remarks, the nature of family intergenerational relationships may have implications for age strata relations in the society.
LIVING WITH GRANDPARENTS: VARIATIONS BY COHORT, RACE, AND FAMILY STRUCTURE
Authors: Szinovacz Maximiliane
Published: February 2008

This study, based on data from the National Survey of Families and Households, confirms normative preference for nuclear households across all cohorts and racial/ethnic groups throughout this century. However, a noteworthy minority (about 30%) did live with grandparents at some time during their childhood. Living with grandparents as well as having a grandparent live in one's parental household were somewhat more prevalent during the 30's and 40's, indicating that extended households may have been formed in response to the Depression and especially World War II. There also is a significant effect of nuclear family structure: living arrangements with grandparents predominate among those who did not live with both parents at some time during their childhood. The data also suggest that it is important to differentiate between grandparental living arrangements that are oriented toward the care of the grandchildren and those arrangements that imply care for the grandparent: the former arrangement predominates among Blacks, whereas the latter is more common among Whites. During the past decade there has been increased interest in extended family living arrangements and particularly in households including grandparents and/or grandchildren. This interest reflects several demographic trends during the latter part of this century, especially increases in divorce and in parental problems (drugs, AIDS) that preclude parents from taking care of their own children as well as increases in longevity and in the survival of frail elderly, many of whom come to live with their adult children. Census data offer information on the prevalence of extended family arrangements at any one point in time, but they are insufficient to estimate a person's lifetime “risk” of living with grandparents and provide only limited information on the duration of such living arrangements. Data from the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) include information not only on whether individuals ever lived with their grandparents but also on the type and the duration of such arrangements. Based on this data set, this article assesses trends in living arrangements with grandparents, and variations in these trends by race and childhood family structure.
FEMINSIM AND MEN: TOWARD A RELATIONAL UNDERSTANDING OF PATRIARCHY AND COOPERATIVE SOCIAL CHANGE
Authors: Schacht Steven P. , Ewing Doris W.
Published: February 2008

Many academic men are sympathetic to issues of gender equity and supportive of feminist goals, but see feminism as basically irrelevant to their interests. Yet they may be engaged in research, teaching, and/or community activities which advance feminist objectives, never examining their efforts in a feminist framework. Too often feminism has been defined as a “woman only” arena, or in competitive terms of male versus female privilege, rather than a cooperative effort to improve the quality of life for everyone. The few men who have attempted to embrace a feminist worldview as their own have been marginalized by women who view them with suspicion and by men who see them as gender traitors (or as a friend says, “The worm in the sperm”). Such a marginalized status promises a career which can be uncomfortable and insecure. We must expand the definition of feminism to include cooperative ventures of men and women working together to bring about positive social change.
“GENDER POLITICS FOR MEN”
Authors: Connell R.W.
Published: February 2008

When I was about 10 or 11 years old I played in a school rugby football team for a short time. Rugby is a game where you clasp a pointed ball to your chest and try to run through a wall of opposing players to put the ball on the ground behind them. They attempt to throw you to the ground, seize the ball, and run through a wall of your players in order to put the ball on the ground behind you. When half the game is over, everyone turns around and runs the other way.
“I AM NOT A RAPIST!”: WHY COLLEGE GUYS ARE CONFRONTING SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Authors: Stoltenberg John
Published: February 2008

What follows is an emotionally charged conversation among members of a Duke University student organization called Men Acting for Change (MAC), one of many new men's groups at colleges and universities across the United States and Canada. Besides meeting regularly to talk personally, MAC members present programs about gender and sexuality, focusing on sexual violence and homophobia, to fraternities and other campus groups.
PATRIARCHAL SEX
Authors: Jensen Robert
Published: February 2008

Four male undergraduates at Cornell University post on the internet the “Top 75 reasons why women (bitches) should not have freedom of speech.” Reason #20: “This is my dick. I'm gonna fuck you. No more stupid questions.”
TAKING THE MEASURE OF MORALE: STRUCTURE AND JOB SATISFACTION IN A MULTIHOSPITAL SYSTEM
Authors: Hetherington Robert W.
Published: February 2008

This study examines the impact of bureaucratic structure on morale among hospital staff. Hypotheses are drawn from Hage's axiomatic theory of organizations, including the predicted negative impact on morale of formalization, centralization and stratification, and the positive impact on morale of task complexity. Contingency hypotheses involving structure and task complexity are also examined. Results indicate morale is either positively affected or unaffected by structure, and negatively affected by process. Some evidence of contingent effects are found. The findings are discussed within the broader context of Weber's theory of bureaucracy. This paper addresses the relationship between several structural features of bureaucracy and workers' morale in a hospital setting. It examines these relationships from broadly defined theoretical perspectives. In this connection, Weber's theory of bureaucracy is treated, as was the case in his original, as part of his general theory of rationalization in modern western society. The study considers the relationship between: 1) Formalization and morale, 2) Centralization and morale, 3) Stratification and morale, 4) Complexity and morale. These structural features of bureaucracy—formalization, centralization, stratification and complexity‐are treated as the means at the command of management for attaining organizational objectives. Worker morale is often referred to as the “level of feeling” about themselves among workers or about the work they perform (Revans, 1964; Veninga, 1982; Simendinger and Moore, 1985; Zucker, 1988). In effect, the term is used in stating that morale is high or low to suggest that something is right or wrong about the organization. Surprisingly, many of these studies do not explain why they are suggesting a particular state of morale, but only that the state of morale is crucial to the performance of the organization. In essence, morale is the level of confidence of the employees. It can vary from one department to the other due to specific or overall structural conditions of the organizations; without giving it routine consideration, performance will degenerate (Nelson, 1989).
MEMORY AS A CULTURAL SYSTEM. ABRAHAM LINCOLN IN WORLD WAR I
Authors: Schwartz Barry
Published: February 2008

World War I is the pivot of twentieth century American history because it transformed the United States from a regional into a global power. As the fiftieth anniversary of World War II winds down, we remind ourselves of the first “Great War” and its continuing importance to American self‐conception and memory.
BRER RABBIT, A PLAY OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT: RECREATING BLACK CULTURE THROUGH BRER RABBIT STORIES
Authors: Ruth Leslie Annie
Published: February 2008

For centuries, Brer Rabbit stories have communicated the values and experiences of enslaved Africans and of indigenous African American culture (Abrahams, 1985; Brewer, 1968; Levine, 1977). According to Blassingame (1972, p. 127), Brer Rabbit stories are “a projection of the slave's personal experiences, dreams and hopes.” Dunn (1979, p.183) explained that the stories are “paradigms dictating how to act and how to live,” and Stuckey (1977, p.xuii) observed that they “revealed more about slave culture than… whole books on slavery by experts. Levine (1977) maintaned that Brer Rabbit stories survived the experiences of slavery and urban poverty because they were a vehicle by which African American cultural values could be shared by the masses of African American people, and Leslie (forthcoming) observed that urban Black mothers continue to share in these values by teaching their children that Brer Rabbit's tricks demonstrate the importance of “protecting the physically small and weak against the physically big and powerful.”
NETWORKS AND GOVERNANCE IN TRADE ASSOCIATIONS: AEIC AND NELA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY 1885–1910
Authors: Chung Chi‐nien
Published: February 2008

In this paper, I demonstrate an alternative explanation to the development of the American electricity industry. I propose a social embeddedness approach (Granovetter, 1985, 1992) to interpret why the American electricity industry appears the way it does today, and start by addressing the following questions: Why is the generating dynamo located in well‐connected central stations rather than in isolated stations? Why does not every manufacturing firm, hospital, school, or even household operate its own generating equipment? Why do we use incandescent lamps rather than arc lamps or gas lamps for lighting? At the end of the nineteenth century, the first era of the electricity industry, all these technical as well as organizational forms were indeed possible alternatives. The centralized systems we see today comprise integrated, urban, central station firms which produce and sell electricity to users within a monopolized territory. Yet there were visions of a more decentralized electricity industry. For instance, a geographically decentralized system might have dispersed small systems based around an isolated or neighborhood generating dynamo; or a functionally decentralized system which included firms solely generating and transmitting the power, and selling the power to locally‐owned distribution firms (McGuire, Granovetter, and Schwartz, forthcoming). Similarly, the incandescent lamp was not the only illuminating device available at that time. The arc lamp was more suitable for large‐space lighting than incandescent lamps; and the second‐generation gas lamp ‐ Welsbach mantle lamp ‐ was much cheaper than the incandescent electric light and nearly as good in quality (Passer, 1953:196–197).
TOWARDS A NETWORK PERSPECTIVE ON ORGANIZATIONAL DECLINE
Authors: Uzzi Brian
Published: February 2008

Analysis of organizational decline has become central to the study of economy and society. Further advances in this area may fail however, because two major literatures on the topic remain disintegrated and because both lack a sophisticated account of how social structure and interdependencies among organizations affect decline. This paper develops a perspective which tries to overcome these problems. The perspective explains decline through an understanding of how social ties and resource dependencies among firms affect market structure and the resulting behavior of firms within it. Evidence is furnished that supports the assumptions of the perspective and provides a basis for specifying propositions about the effect of network structure on organizational survival. I conclude by discussing the perspective's implications for organizational theory and economic sociology.
MANAGING STATE‐OWNED ENTERPRISES: LESSONS FROM INDIA
Authors: Pinglé Vibha
Published: February 2008

State‐owned enterprises (SOEs), in general, have not been successful. Their indifferent performance has been at the center of the debate about the role of the state in the economy. To economists, the performance of SOEs is evidence of what is wrong with state intervention. And in recent years privatization has increasingly been regarded as the only way of improving the performance of SOEs. Yet, while unsuccessful SOEs abound, a few high‐performing SOEs such as POSCO (South Korea), Airbus Industrie (France), EMBRAER (Brazil), and MUL (India) can also be found.
THE SOCIOLOGY OF AGING: IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC POLICY
Authors: Mutchler Jan E.
Published: February 2008

The nations of the world are aging. In comparison to decades of the past, older cohorts represent a growing share of the world's population. This trend is the result primarily of declining fertility rates and, secondarily, of increasing longevity. Even those countries that have only recently experienced significant fertility declines are beginning to deal with the effects of an older population, effects that will become more pronounced early in the 21st century. Indeed, although a larger share of the developed world's population is beyond the age of 55 (22% as opposed to 10% in developing nations), more than half of the world's older population lives in developing countries (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1992).
OLDER IMMIGRANTS AND U.S. WELFARE REFORM
Authors: Treas Judith
Published: February 2008

U.S. welfare policy is undergoing a philosophical shift resulting in a dramatic legislative overhaul aimed at reducing spending, limiting eligibility, and enhancing the control of states over federal social service programs. To date, lawfully admitted permanent aliens have been treated the same as citizens by a host of federal programs for the poor. New legislation, however, would make noncitizens largely ineligible for public benefits. Programs that serve as a safety net for citizens would be recast as an earned right for noncitizens. This paper examines the implications for elderly aliens, a population that has grown in response to the liberalization of U.S. immigration laws. To assess the impact of changes in eligibility requirements for Supplemental Security Income, the paper focuses on California, the nation's most populous state and a leading destination of immigrants. The feasibility of individual adaptations to loss of benefits‐family support, employment, naturalization, and emigration‐is examined.
IMMIGRANT AND NON‐IMMIGRANT LIVING ARRANGEMENTS AMONG AMERICA'S WHITE, HISPANIC, AND ASIAN ELDERLY POPULATION
Authors: Wilmoth Janet M. , De Jong Gordon F. , Himes Christine L.
Published: February 2008

Do the living arrangements of immigrant elderly differ significantly from those for non‐immigrant elderly? If so, are differences between immigrants and non‐immigrants due to population composition or immigration‐based cultural preferences? To answer these questions this research examines the living arrangements of Non‐Hispanic White, Hispanic, and Asian elderly using data from the 1990 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS). The standardization and multinomial logistic regression results indicate that within each of the racial/ethnic groups immigrants, particularly those aged sixty or older upon arrival, are more likely to live in extended family arrangements and less likely to live independently than elderly non‐immigrants. Furthermore, these differences between immigrants and non‐immigrants are not due to differences in population composition, economic resources, functional limitations, or acculturation. The results suggest that immigration policies are influencing these observed living arrangement differences. The impact of increasing diversity among the older population and potential changes in government policy on the distribution of future elderly living arrangements is discussed.
THE EFFECTS OF PERCEIVED HEALTH STATUS AND AGE ON ELDERS' LONGEVITY
Authors: Peters Kimberley , Rogers Richard G.
Published: February 2008

Using data from the linked National Health Interview Survey National Death Index (NHIS‐NDI), a new and unique data set, we examine the interaction of age and self‐rated health as a predictor of overall and cause‐specific mortality. Proponents of wear and tear theories argue that as the body ages, it begins to degenerate, leaving the aged in poor health and vulnerable to their ultimate mortality. We find that although the majority of the elderly rate their health as good or better, low levels of education and income contribute to poor perceived health, and the effect of age on mortality varies by level of perceived health. While the oldest old who report the poorest health experience greater risks of mortality, elders who report good health experience much lower risks. As a larger share of our population survives into old age, it is important to emphasize preventive health care policy, as well as strong economic and health care safety nets, not only to promote health but also to lengthen life.
OLDEST OLD WOMEN: ENDANGERED BY GOVERNMENT CUTBACKS?
Authors: Bould Sally , Longino Charles F. , Worley Angela
Published: February 2008

This paper analyzes the situation of women 85 and over using the United States Census public use sample for 1990 involving individual census records of 154,008 women and men It provides weighted population estimates. Data is presented on the oldest disability levels for men and women, the level of economic need, living arrangements, and access to a car. International comparisons from the Luxembourg Income study of elderly men and women's poverty level are also examined. Current proposals in the United States for cutbacks at the federal level in health care, income assistance and social services are examined with respect to their disproportional impact on oldest old women.
Introduction: Shifting Perspectives on Development
Authors: Jalali Rita
Published: February 2008

Of the 5.3 billion people in the world, 4 billion live in the low and middle income economies. About 1.5 billion people still lack basic health care and more than 1 billion adults are illiterate. The gap between rich and poor countries in the world remains and in many cases has widened. An average person in Tanzania earns $140 compared to $37,930 in Switzerland. The debt and trade difficulties in Latin America and Africa have led to declining standards of living in the 1980s for much of the population in these areas, particularly women. In many countries, women are often the most vulnerable group. They face acute health problems, have much lower levels of literacy and lack access to basic resources as well as legal rights. Among women, only one out of two is literate in Asia and only one out of three in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
NAFTAs Future? — The Logic of Puerto Rico's Export‐Led Development
Authors: Padín José Antonio
Published: February 2008

East Asian industrializations and the crisis of Latin American developmentalism in the 1970s and 1980s have been at the center of disputes over the conditions leading to a socially optimal extension and intensification of capitalist production relations in the periphery. The contrast in regional styles and outcomes of development is deemed to be the key to a final adjudication between the competing analytical claims of neoclassical economists and statist currents within political economy. Neoclassical critiques of excessive Latin American tampering with markets find confirmation for neoliberal prescriptions in the open, export‐oriented East Asian regimes. That East Asian development is not a paragon of neoliberal virtue, and thatrelativelyfreer markets might not be the most important part of the story, is the crux of the enduring statist critique. Over a decade of contestation has given way to significant refinements, among them, a recognition of the importance of sequencing import‐and export‐substitution. The modicum of foresight and discipline that seems to be implied in proper sequencing has weighed in favor of the statist emphasis on the role of ‘developmental states.’ Even researchers disposed to enshrine the virtues of markets in the process of modernization, find it difficult not to concede that the East Asian record rests on more than macroeconomic stability; although they remain skeptical about the cruder claims of states successfully ‘picking winners and losers’ (Dollar and Sokoloff 1994). Perhaps the most enduring legacy of this controversy—only extreme zealots could deny this—is the mountingempiricalevidence supporting the argument that economic development is an inherently discontinuous process, and reliance on the market institution leaves societies woefully unprepared to ‘negotiate’ through an unstable and asymmetrical international political economy.
Aid Dependence and The Structure Of Corruption: The Case of Post‐Korean War South Korea
Authors: Lie John
Published: February 2008

From 1953 to 1961, the South Korean economy grew slowly; the average per capita GNP growth was a mere percent, amounting to less than $100 in 1961. Few people, therefore, look for the sources of later dynamism in this period. As Kyung Cho Chung (1956:225) wrote in the mid‐1950s: “[South Korea] faces grave economic difficulties. The limitations imposed by the Japanese have been succeeded by the division of the country, the general destruction incurred by the Korean War, and the attendant dislocation of the population, which has further disorganized the economy” (see also McCune 1956:191–192). T.R. Fehrenbach (1963:37), in his widely read book on the Korean War, prognosticated: “By themselves, the two halves [of Korea] might possibly build a viable economy by the year 2000, certainly not sooner.”
Development Sociology As We Approach the 21st Century
Authors: Firebaugh Glenn
Published: February 2008

One of the striking features of our historical era is the degree of global inequality. In some nations the average person lives on less than $200 per year. In other nations the average income is 100 times larger. Though adjusting for purchasing power parity narrows the gap by about 40 percent (Ram 1979), it is quite evident that the world's $23 trillion annual output is unequally distributed in the extreme.
The Organization of Labor Resources in Juárez Families: A Focus on Working Women's Households During Economic Restructuring
Authors: Young Gay , Alderman Heather
Published: February 2008

In 1995, Mexico again slid into economic and social crisis without full recovery from the crisis of 1982. When the Mexican peso plunged in value right before Christmas 1994, many segments of the society that were affected had not regained the purchasing power of 1980. The broad outline of the Mexican government's program for responding to the most recent crisis is parallel to the prescriptions offered in the 1980s; indeed, the response represents prevailing mainstream neo‐liberal economic thinking — stabilization, structural adjustment, privatization, and so on. However, lacking a well developed social welfare system, the burdens of adaptation to adverse economic conditions fall primarily on women in households in the struggle to preserve individual well‐being. This paper, then, joins a growing body of work attempting to analyze the connection between micro‐level household conditions, including gender relations, and gendered macro‐level processes, such as ongoing economic liberalization in Mexico.
The Impact of Development, the Commercialization of Agriculture, and Economic Dependency on Women's Participation in Agricultural Production
Authors: Vanfossen Beth , Rothstein Frances
Published: February 2008

The post‐World War ? period has been one of intense development activity throughout the world. Lesser developed countries have showed significant economic growth throughout this time‐span. Among the many consequences which are attributed to development, changes in gender relations are often mentioned. However, prior research has been unable to establish conclusively how economic development is related to gender inequality, particularly as this is referenced by women's participation in important economic activities. For example, some researchers have found that as development increases, women's participation in and return from the economy declines, others that it increases, and several have suggested it first declines then increases. Similar uncertainties exist about how an increasing emphasis on producing goods for export, and the often‐accompanying reliance on foreign investment, affects women's work. Recent research also suggests that the consequences of development are more diverse than previously thought. Recognition of the diversity requires greater specification of the links between developmental diversity and women's labor force participation.
ISSUES IN THE PREDICTION OF ADULT CRIMINALITY
Authors: Rosen Lawrence , Savitz Leonard D. , Lalli Michael
Published: February 2008

A report of research on a large, city‐wide US sample of black and white youths using official police records of juvenile delinquency status to predict adult criminality as revealed by FBI records of an adult arrest. Eight predictive criteria and six operationalised definitions of delinquency were related to three types of adult arrest record. Certain predictive criteria were found to be “best” for certain adult outcomes while others were “best” for different outcomes.
SES VERSUS IQ IN THE RACE‐IQ‐DELINQUENCY MODEL
Authors: Gordon Robert A.
Published: February 2008

Means, medians and SD for available socio‐economic status (SES) black‐white differences are here substituted for those of IQ in a between‐groups model published by the author over a decade ago. The goodness of fit of the SES variables used is compared with that for the earlier IQ data. Even when SES variables are relatively successful this can be viewed as additional evidence of the importance of IQ differences to black‐white differences in delinquency.
Team Management on the Flight Deck of Commercial Jet Aircraft
Authors: Davies R. , McCann D.J. , Margerison C.J.
Published: February 2008

The training of commercial aircrews in team management is now being recognised as a priority. This article reviews one major intervention with Trans Australia Airlines.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Kakabadse Andrew
Published: February 2008

Of general managers in the UK, 74 per cent identify poor relations at board level which seriously impair discussion concerning the future of the organization, thereby leaving the business vulnerable to business and market turbulence.
INTERLIBRARY LENDING AROUND THE WORLD — A REVIEW OF RECENT PAPERS — VI
Authors: Vickers Stephen
Published: February 2008

Detailed consideration is given to the ability of the interlending system of the Federal Republic of Germany to supply locations for post‐war German language monographs, and to a recent analysis of interlending in France. Other aspects covered are the costs and performance of a co‐operative periodical bank, the impact of location and availability information on an interlending network, and national union catalogues published in microform.
LOCATIONS SURVEY 1977
Authors: STEEMSON RJ
Published: February 2008

This survey is similar to, though broader in scope than, a survey on monograph locations held in 1974. For this survey the broadest possible definition of ‘location’ was used including positive locations from our own and published union lists and speculative locations (including cases where, for example, it is suggested that the borrower apply to the originating body for such items as reports or theses). All categories of material have been covered in this study: monographs, serials and the various smaller categories that mostly come under the heading of ‘Miscellaneous Records’ at the Lending Division.
REPLACEMENT OF PERIODICAL SUBSCRIPTIONS BY BRITISH LIBRARY LENDING DIVISION SERVICES
Authors: Woodward AM
Published: February 2008

A study of 1,696 loan requests satisfied by the British Library Lending Division showed that approximately 3% are for journals that used to be taken by the borrowing library but are not now being acquired. In the light of a survey of the way librarians in the UK make decisions on journal subscriptions and cancellations it appears that they very rarely replace subscriptions by interlibrary borrowing.
Brief Communications
Authors: Davey JS , Smith Malcolm , Vickery JE
Published: February 2008

The National Central Library and later the National Lending Library for Science and Technology had always, as part of their services, provided libraries with locations or passed requests to possible sources when the items required were not in the stocks of these two institutions. These practices continued when the two libraries were amalgamated to form the Lending Division of the British Library in 1973; but it was known that several major libraries were not represented in the union catalogues and played little or no part in interlending, yet had resources which could supply many items that could not be obtained from other sources identified through union catalogues or by speculation. It was also known that several small, privately funded libraries with unique stocks, which had for many years co‐operated in the interlending system, were finding it increasingly difficult to justify a virtually free service to libraries at large whilst charging their own members for loans.
Brief Communications
Authors: Harley AJ , Duffy J , Steemson RJ
Published: February 2008

A full‐length paper in this journal described the data processing activities going on in the Lending Division. Four areas of activity were recognised: processing of requests received by telex on paper tape; file handling, such as the serials control system; miscellaneous on‐line operations, such as survey analysis and advance book ordering; and information retrieval.
INTERLIBRARY LENDING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, 1977–78
Authors: Davey Jim
Published: February 2008

The major developments in library co‐operation and inter/ending within the regional and local schemes are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the report of the working party of the National Committee on Regional Library Co‐operation on the respective roles of the regional systems and the Lending Division, and the emergence of further co‐operative activities within regions as a result of the report. A further selection of local schemes serving industry are described, and a review of inter/ending activities between university libraries is presented. The year appeared to be one of buoyancy and development, with an increase in personal contacts through inter/ending seminars.
TRANSPORT SCHEMES FOR INTERLIBRARY LOANS
Authors: Russon D
Published: February 2008

In 1975 the British Library Research and Development Department commissioned a study of the feasibility of establishing a national transport system for interlibrary loans. The study suggested that transport schemes could be cheaper than postal services and provide a comparable level of service. The Library then funded two pilot transport schemes — in the North‐West of England and London — to monitor their effectiveness and to consider how a national scheme could be implemented. The success of the pilot schemes led the Study Group to recommend that co‐ordinated transport schemes for interlibrary loans should be established throughout Great Britain. The Lending Division is now discussing with each of the Regional Library Systems how such schemes can be implemented in their areas.
LIBRARY INSTRUCTION MATERIALS BANK (LIMB)
Authors: Malley Ian
Published: February 2008

LIMB, established in 1977, is a machine‐readable data base covering all aspects of the education of library and information users. It is based on the collection of educational materials gathered at Loughborough University of Technology Library as part of the work of the British Library‐appointed Information Officer for User Education. The National Lending Library for Science and Technology had started collecting these items comprehensively in 1971 and they were all available on loan or as photocopies. When LIMB was introduced it was decided that this collection should be transferred from the British Library Lending Division to Loughborough and incorporated into the newly established collection of user education materials. This collection totalled some 450 handouts produced by librarians from 45 libraries in higher and further education establishments. Total LIMB holdings currently exceed 3,000 items.
THE PROVISION OF MUSIC SCORES ON INTERLIBRARY LOAN IN THE UK
Authors: Reed Tony , Davey Jim
Published: February 2008

The provision of music on ILL has long been a difficult area, with a lack of centralised Bibliographic control a particular problem. Although standards still vary rather widely, advances are being made in the spheres of national provision of music and the number and quality of local inter/ending schemes.
INTERLIBRARY LENDING AROUND THE WORLD — A REVIEW OF RECENT PAPERS — VII
Authors: Vickers Stephen
Published: February 2008

Attention is given to some of the arguments for and against the use of computer‐based networks and services in the United States of America, to likely effects of the new US copyright law, and to the costs of interlibrary lending. The ability of the Federal Republic of Germany to satisfy international loan requests is examined, as is the use of the ISBN in union catalogue construction and its role in interlibrary /ending. The possibility of establishing a central loan collection in New Zealand is considered, and statistics of interlibrary lending in France are presented.
THE ACQUISITION OF CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS AT THE BRITISH LIBRARY LENDING DIVISION
Authors: Atkin P , Seed P
Published: February 2008

Conference proceedings are difficult to acquire due to the lack of adequate bibliographic control. The procedures used by the Lending Division to overcome the problems are described and the major bibliographical tools are evaluated. The most useful are the ‘Directory of Published Proceedings’ and ‘World Meetings’ but these are far from comprehensive. Conference proceedings are expensive to acquire, but expenditure on them by the Lending Division is justified by the demand, 170,000 requests in 1978. A useful spin‐off from the Lending Division's collection is the ‘Index of Conference Proceedings’ which, although it does not give publication details, is the most comprehensive list of published proceedings available.
INTERLIBRARY LENDING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND IRELAND, 1978–79
Authors: Davey Jim
Published: February 2008

The major developments in library co‐operation during the year 1978–79 are examined. The work of the National Committee is described, including topics such as the legality of passing on charges to the borrower, provision of fiction, lending rare and expensive books and the problems arising from semi‐published or unpublished non‐book material. The activities of the regional co‐operative schemes have widened and notes are given on recent developments region by region. Interlending activities between university libraries are presented, as are developments in local schemes of library co‐operation and interlending.
FAILED SERIAL REQUESTS: REPORT OF A SURVEY TO IDENTIFY WEAKNESSES IN SERIAL PROVISION
Authors: Haigh P.A.
Published: February 2008

In anticipation of the replacement of the British Union Catalogue of Periodicals (BUCOP) by a file of serial holdings of the British Library and other selected libraries, an analysis of failed serial requests was carried out at the British Library Lending Division in August and September 1978. The aim of the analysis, which is summarised here, was to identify subject gaps in the present interlibrary loan provision of serials, in order to help determine which specialist libraries should be included, as well as to indicate some areas where Lending Division stock might be strengthened.
INTERLIBRARY LENDING AROUND THE WORLD — A REVIEW OF RECENT PAPERS — IX
Authors: Kefford Brian
Published: February 2008

Progress in Europe between 1973 and 1978 is reviewed mainly in the context of the LIBER Seminar on International Interlibrary Lending held in Florence in 1978. The Danish interlending system is considered separately. Attention is given to a theoretical on‐line system in Belgium and actual on‐line methods in the USA and recent articles from the USA, especially on the National Periodicals Center, are presented. Articles on developments in Scotland, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand are reviewed. Finally payment for loans and the effects of copyright legislation are considered.
INTERLIBRARY LENDING WITH COMPUTERISED UNION CATALOGUES
Authors: Lehmann Klaus‐Dieter
Published: February 2008

The Federal Republic of Germany exemplifies a decentralised co‐operative system of interlending. Regional library co‐operation is based on seven union catalogues. The rapidly increasing demands for literature provision require new structures and techniques. Data processing and COM are therefore utilised. A computerised system for locating periodicals is used via the National Serials Data Base which is maintained at the German Library Institute in West Berlin in co‐operation with the State Library. Input to this national referral system is provided by the regional systems, together with information contained in the continuing conventional periodical indexes, GAZS and GZS at the State Library in Berlin. Substantial improvements have resulted from the ability of libraries to borrow direct. The next logical step in the development of an efficient document delivery service would be to cover monographs in a similar way to serials. Discussion about this has been put into concrete terms in a planning paper of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. This states that the establishment of independent regional library centres with their own computers is a basic condition for building regional networks; instead of centralisation, close co‐operation between the regions is seen as appropriate.
REPROGRAPHICS AT THE BRITISH LIBRARY LENDING DIVISION
Authors: Braid JA
Published: February 2008

Over the last ten years the number and proportion of requests being satisfied by photocopying at the British Library Lending Division has increased greatly. There are two main methods, using Rank Xerox 1000 machines and Rank Xerox Copyflo machines respectively. The main disadvantage of both methods is the poor reproduction of half‐tones and to overcome this problem a Mitsubishi U‐bix II machine is also used. Duplicate microforms are normally made by the diazo method which is cheaper than the traditional silver halide method and which also results in a product which is more resistant to water and to scratching. The Lending Division also prefers microfiche to roll film because of the ease of duplication of the former. A hard copy enlargement service is also available from the Division but the demand is fairly small. The library also has a small offset litho unit. The proportion of material received in microform is increasing slowly, however there has been a steady change from roll microfilm to microfiche. Developments in automatic input of hard copy text into a computer may change existing publishing patterns but the economics of present methods make dramatic changes unlikely in the near future.
LOOKING BACK AND THINKING ALOUD: 20 YEARS IN INTERLENDING
Authors: Davey Jim
Published: February 2008

This is a personal account of some of the developments which have occurred in the field of Interlending in the United Kingdom during the last twenty years with particular reference to the British Library Lending Division. The main features are increasing reliance on a central collection of literature, which has gradually increased in scope to cover all subject fields, and the improvements which have occurred in the system for making available material not held centrally. Detailed changes which have accompanied these developments are also mentioned, ie the alphabetical shelf arrangement for books, the Berghoeffer system for filing catalogue cards, the use of prepaid service forms, the increase in use of photocopies in lieu of loans, the growth and development of regional transport schemes and improved liaison between the central service and the user community. The impact of automation on the interlibrary lending system is also discussed, and developments such as the regional ISBN lists, the increase in telex traffic, and the implications of local machine‐readable catalogues for the Union Catalogue of Books are referred to. On the international scene, reference is made to the developments within IFLA that have led to the standardisation of request forms, the formulation of a UAP programme, and the creation of an Office for International Lending at Boston Spa.
AUTOMATION FOR INTERLIBRARY LENDING: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LASER SYSTEM
Authors: Plaister Jean
Published: February 2008

The London and South‐Eastern Library Region (LASER) facilitates interlibrary lending in London and South East England. It has access to some 40 million volumes and through its union catalogues is responsible for 215,000 Interlending requests per annum. This paper describes the background to the automation of LASER'S referral activity. It also gives details of the mini‐computer system which was eventually installed and in which over 1,000,000 titles are now recorded. Careful monitoring over the last two years has demonstrated a number of advantages over the manual system which preceded it. Bibliographical checking has been reduced by 25% and cost containment has exceeded expectations. The next stage in LASER'S development will be the provision of on‐line access to a number of the Bureau's main users.