bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAMILIA ERIOCAULACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela
Published: January 2023

Se calculan 9 a 12 géneros con 1200 a 1300 (550 según algunos autores) especies distribuidas principalmente en regiones tropicales y subtropicales, en particular concentradas en Brasil. Algunas Eriocaulaceae sudamericanas se emplean como ornamentales. En nuestra zona de estudio representada sólo por el género Eriocaulon. Género con unas 250 (para algunos autores 400) especies de difícil delimitación, en regiones tropicales y subtropicales de ambos hemisferios, sobre todo en el este de Asia y en Sudamérica. La distinción de las especies es muy problemática por la gran variación de los caracteres y por la dificultad de observación de flores tan diminutas.
FAMILIA CLETHRACEAE
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, González-Villarreal Luz María
Published: January 2023

Familia con un solo género (Clethra) distribuido en regiones templadas y tropicales de ambos hemisferios, pero ausente de Europa, África y Australia. Clethra es un género distribuido en América, en el sureste de Asia y en las Islas Canarias; el número de especies no está bien definido, pues mientras algunos autores reconocen unas 65, otros opinan que son alrededor de 120. Es un grupo complejo en el que la hibridación entre las especies es común. En México son árboles o arbustos propios en su mayoría de los bosques mesófilos de montaña, así como de los bosques de encino y de coníferas más húmedos. Algunos presentan marcada tendencia a ocupar ambientes alterados. Cuatro especies se han colectado en el área de estudio.
FAMILIA GARRYACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Carranza González Eleazar
Published: January 2023

Familia monogenérica, con dos subgéneros (Garrya y Fadyenia), distribuida en la parte norte del continente americano. Algunas especies se han utilizado con fines ornamentales o como plantas medicinales en diferentes lugares. En muchos aspectos morfológicos y anatómicos las Garryaceae presentan similitudes con la familia Cornaceae por lo que se ha sugerido, desde el siglo pasado, una íntima relación entre ellas. Posteriormente, también se comprobó la presencia en ambas de glicósidos y flavonoides similares.
FAMILIA CANNACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela
Published: January 2023

Familia que comprende un solo género de distribución pantropical. Algunas especies son de interés ornamental.
FAMILIA BALSAMINACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela
Published: January 2023

La familia comprende dos géneros con unas 450 (según algunos autores alrededor de 900) especies, casi todas pertenecientes a Impatiens, principalmente de zonas cálidas de Asia y África, con unas cuantas de regiones templadas de ambos hemisferios. También se conoce con el nombre de Impatientaceae.
FAMILIA BOMBACACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Carranza González Eleazar , Blanco García Arnulfo ,   Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
Published: January 2023

Familia con Alrededor de 24 géneros y más o menos 250 especies, que se distribuyen ampliamente en regiones tropicales del Continente Americano, principalmente de México, Centro y Sudamérica; algunas se encuentran en Asia, África, Australia y Madagascar. De ciertas especies de Ceiba se explota la seda que envuelve a las semillas, conocida como “kapok”; de Ochroma se obtiene la madera de “balsa”; varios géneros tienen especies que se les cultiva como ornamentales. Sobresalen el árbol del “baobab” (Adansonia), el “árbol del algodón” (Bombax) y la “castaña de Guinea” (Pachira). En México se encuentran seis géneros, de los que en nuestra área de estudio sólo se localizan dos.
The Effectivity of Interactive E-Module to Increase the Students' Visual-Spatial Intelligence on Ionic
Authors: Zakiyah Wahyu Ismi , Dwiningsih Kusumawati
Published: January 2023

This study aims to test the effectiveness of interactive e-modules to train students' visual-spatial intelligence on ionic bonding material in terms of the students' pretest and posttest results. The research design applied in this study was a one-group pretest-posttest design. Where using the learning outcomes test sheet as the instrument used in this study and tested on 15 students in high school. Analysis of the data from the research results showed that the learning outcomes test that had been carried outreached an average N-gain of 0.81 with a high score criterion to measure the students' visual-spatial intelligence. The normality test used to determine whether the distribution of the data was normal or not showed results with a significance level of 0.836 for the pretest and 0.436 for the posttest, both of which had a significance level of 0.05. This matter prove if the analyzed data is normally distributed. And the last test is the paired sample t-Test which gets the sig value. (2-tailed) of 0.000 0.05, thus H1 accepted and H0 rejected so that there is a significant effect on giving treatment using interactive e-modules to train visual-spatial intelligence given to students.
Aplikasi BETA (Belajar dari Peta): Media Edukasi Doa-Doa Harian Siswa SD Kelas Rendah
Authors: Aeni Ani Nur , Erlina Tiara , Dewi Diana Puspita , Hadi Fakhri Luqman , Ramadhani Safitri
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dampak yang ditimbulkan pada siswa dalam memanfaatkan Aplikasi BETA sebagai media edukasi belajar dan menghafal doa-doa harian Islam. Studi penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian DD. Sasaran dalam dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa sekolah dasar kelas rendah. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru kelas rendah guru PAI, dan siswa kelas rendah. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data, reduksi data, dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hafalan doa-doa harian siswa meningkat dengan menggunakan. Dengan demikian, Aplikasi BETA berbasis android dapat menjadi alternatif belajar doa-doa harian siswa secara mandiri. Keuntungan yang diperoleh siswa dengan memanfaatkan Aplikasi BETA untuk belajar dan menghafal doa-doa harian yaitu: dapat dibawa ke mana saja karena terdapat di dalam gawai; dapat digunakan setiap saat dengan mudah; mengarahkan penggunaan gawai ke arah yang bermanfaat; lebih praktis dalam menemukan materi yang dibutuhkan secara cepat; meningkatkan motivasi belajar, menghafal, serta mengamalkan doa-doa harian karena dapat diakses dengan mudah; dapat mengefektifkan waktu; banyak warna dan gambar serta ikonnya menarik; hemat kuota internet dan hemat ruang penyimpanan pada perangkat (gawai). The purpose of this study was to examine the impact on students in utilizing the BETA application as an educational medium for learning and memorizing Islamic daily prayers. This research study is qualitative in nature using the DD research method. The target in this research is elementary school students of low grade. The subjects of this study were low grade PAI teachers, and low grade students. Data analysis techniques were carried out by collecting data, reducing data, and verifying data. The results showed that the memorization of students' daily prayers increased by using . Thus, the Android-based BETA application can be an alternative to learning students' daily prayers independently. The advantages that students get by using the BETA Application to learn and memorize daily prayers are: (1) it can be taken anywhere because it is in the device, (2) it can be used at any time easily, (3) directs the use of the device in the right direction. that are useful, (4) more practical in finding the required material quickly, and (5) increasing motivation to learn, memorize, and practice daily prayers because they can be accessed easily.  In addition, using the BETA Application can save time; lots of attractive colors and images and icons; save internet quota and save storage space on your device.
Pengaruh Kreativitas Guru dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri di Kecamatan Wanea
Authors: Mangangantung Jeanne M. , Wentian Selti , Rorimpandey Widdy H.F.
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kreativitas guru dan motivasi belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 5 Sekolah Dasar Negeri di kecamatan Wanea Kota Manado dengan jumlah responden 44 siswa.  Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Probabiity Sampling.  Teknik yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui validitas tiap (item) adalah teknik korelasi product moment.  Uji reliabilitas dilakukan terhadap item-item yang sudah teruji validitasnya, Hasil penelitian ini  menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat pengaruh signifikan kreativitas guru terhadap hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas V SD Negeri di Kecamatan Wanea.  Berdasarkan nilai t diketahui nilai t hitung 3.371 2.019 t tabel dengan demikian variabel Kreativitas guru (X1) berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa (Y); (2) terdapat pengaruh signifikan motivasi belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas V SD Negeri di Kecamatan Wanea. Berdasarkan nilai t diketahui nilai t hitung 3.217 2.019 t tabel. Dengan demikian, variabel motivasi belajar siswa (X2) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa (Y); (3) terdapat pengaruh signifikan kreativitas guru dan motivasi belajar siswa secara bersama-sama terhadap hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas V SD Negeri di Kecamatan Wanea. Nilai korelasi hubungan  (R) sebesar 0.482 dari output tersebut diperoleh koefisien determinan (R square) sebesar 0 .232. Hal ini berarti bahwa 23.2% hasil belajar Matematika siswa dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel motivasi belajar siswa sedangkan sisanya, yaitu 76.8% dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel lain.
Pengembangan aplikasi perhitungan harga jual berbasis Android pada bidang usaha roti
Authors: Maharputrananda Trean Khautsar , Febriana Rina , Priyono Priyono
Published: January 2023

Industri roti adalah bagian dari industri makanan jadi yang menggunakan bahan baku utama tepung terigu. Pada ilmu pangan, roti dikelompokkan dalam produk bakery, bersama dengan cake, donat, biskuit, roll, kraker, dan pie. Roti salah satu produk yang paling dikenal dan popular dari produk bakery. Produksi roti dalam usaha atau industri roti memerlukan perhitungan kebutuhan bahan untuk menghitung harga jual. Dari hasil survei yang dilakukan peneliti terhadap beberapa industri roti rumahan, produk yang dihasilkan selalu dihitung harga jual dengan rumus perhitungan yang beda dan alat bantu hitung yang berbeda seperti kalkulator atau Microsoft Excel bahkan masih ada beberapa pengusaha roti pemula yang menghitung secara manual, serta pemanfaatan aplikasi belum maksimal karena belum terdapat aplikasi perhitungan harga jual roti berbasis Andriod. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menghasilkan aplikasi perhitungan harga jual berbasis android. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan atau Research Development (RD), penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menghasilkan sebuah produk, dan menguji keefektifan produk yang dibuat. Produk yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini berupa aplikasi perhitungan harga jual berbasis android pada bidang usaha roti. Pendekatan pengembangan aplikasi berorientasi produk yang sistemik. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah produk Aplikasi Perhitungan Harga Jual Berbasis Android Pada Bidang Usaha Roti berhasil dikembangkan menjadi sebuah produk yang siap digunakan. hasil pada Aplikasi Perhitungan Harga Jual Berbasis Android Pada Bidang Usaha Roti yang mendapatkan hasil pada skala daya tarik, efisiensi, ketepatan, stimulasi, kejelasan, dan kebaruan pada posisi sangat baik (excellent).
Model pembelajaran self-directed learning berbantuan website notion: meningkatkan kemampuan berpikit kritis siswa SMA
Authors: Baharuddin Rifdah Ananda , Rosyida Fatiya , Irawan Listyo Yudha , Utomo Dwiyono Hari
Published: January 2023

Self-Directed Learning merupakan model belajar mandiri yang memberikan kebebasan bagi siswa untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan belajar mereka, menetapkan tujuan pembelajaran, menemukan sumber belajar, memilih dan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran, dan mengevaluasi hasil belajar mereka. Website Notion digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebagai aplikasi untuk membantu guru dan siswa mendorong pembelajaran mandiri. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah SMAN 1 Tumpang, dengan kelas XI IPS 1 sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas XI IPS 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen, dan data dikumpulkan melalui pretest-posttest control group design. Uji Mann Whitney digunakan sebagai analisis terakhir untuk mengetahui efektivitas penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model SDL berbantuan konsep website Notion berpengaruh terhadap berpikir kritis siswa karena hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan nilai 0,00 menunjukkan bahwa H₀ ditolak dan H₁ diterima karena nilai signifikansinya adalah kurang dari 0,05. Perbedaan skor antara kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol, yang masing-masing menunjukkan kenaikan besar 0,618 dan kenaikan kecil 0,005, adalah hal lain yang perlu dipertimbangkanAbstractSelf-directed learning, allows students to identify their learning requirements, set learning goals, find learning resources, pick and use learning strategies, and evaluate their learning outcomes. The website called Notion is used in this study as an application to help teachers and students encourage self-directed learning. Participants in the study were SMAN 1 Tumpang, and the control and experimental groups were classes XI IPS 1 and XI IPS 2, respectively. A control group design with a pretest-posttest was used to gather the data. The effectiveness of the study was evaluated in the final data analysis using the Mann-Whitney test. According to the survey, the website-based autonomous learning technique impacts students' performance. The hypothesis test resulted in a value of 0.00, suggesting that H₀ is rejected and H₁ is accepted because the significance value is less than 0.05. This indicates that the autonomous learning model supported by the website impacts students' critical thinking. The score difference between the experimental and control groups, which showed a significant gain of 0.618 and a small gain of 0.005, respectively, is something else to consider.
Peculiarities of the One-Courtyard People Inflow Into the Cities of the Central Chernozem Region in the XVII–XIX Centuries
Authors:   Kursk branch of the Russian Society of Historians and Archivists, Kudlanov Konstantin B.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. The article is devoted to the topical urbanization issue, which the author considered on the example of the one-courtyard people of the Central Chernozem Region (hereinafter – CC). The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of the mass of unpublished and narrative sources, which showed that the aforementioned topic has not really received a serious assessment in the scientific literature. This article contains a number of useful conclusions both for the study of urban migrations in general and for the study of the smallholders estate in particular. Purpose is to determine the features of the influx of the military service people and their descendants into the urban conglomerations of the Central Chernozem region from the beginning of the XVII-th to the middle of the XIX-th centuries. Objectives are to study: the geography of the inflow; the phenomenon of the transition of smallholders villages to the cities; the estate composition of the migrants; various difficulties that prevent the descendants of the military service people from moving to the urban area. Methodology. In the process of working on the study were used the principles of macro- and microhistorical analysis, the combination of common and unique phenomena, as well as statistical, cartographic and historical-comparative, typological and genetic methods. Results. The nature of the urbanization processes among the one-courtyard people changed for the reason that from the centers of settlement and fortresses, the cities are being transformed into commercial and industrial centers. According to the researcher, during the migrations to the urban area, the greatest mixing took place within the framework of the one-courtyard people estate between the descendants of the recruited military service people and the descendants of the boyar children. This phenomenon was especially reflected in their mentality. The evolution in the geography of the influx of the military service people and their descendants into the cities of the Central Chernozem region consisted in the dominance of distant migrations in the XVII-th century, and in the XVIII-th–XIX-th centuries – nearby resettlements. Conclusion. The author identified the main and additional factors that increase migration to the city for the military service people and their descendants. To the additional factor it is necessary to attribute the massive transition of one-courtyard people villages to the cities in the XVIII-th century, and in the XIX-th century – bureaucratic simplification that accompanies relocation to urban areas. To the main factors it is necessary to attribute the forced resettlement of the military service people from different localities to the cities in the XVII-th century, and for the XVIII-th–XIX-th centuries – the growth of commodity-money relations.
Development of Physical Culture and Recreation and Mass Sports Work at the Department of Physical Education of the Kursk State Polytechnic Institute (60–70 of the 20th Century)
Authors:   Southwest State University, Tsukanova Olga M. , Karpova Galina G.
Published: January 2023

The relevance of the scientific research is due to the fact that Southwestern State University (formerly Kursk Polytechnic Institute), like all modern universities in our country, achieves high ratings not only for providing students with quality education, but also physical fitness for the profession, a healthy lifestyle.. The study and generalization of the experience of physical culture and recreation and mass sports work at the department of Physical Education since its inception is very relevant and is aimed, in our opinion, at further effective physical development of modern students. The purpose of the scientific search is to study the development of physical culture and recreation and sports mass work at the Department of Physical Education of the Kursk Polytechnic Institute (KPI) in the 60–70s of the twentieth century. The objectives of the scientific research are to generalize the experience of physical culture and sports and mass work and to identify particular factors that influenced the activities of the Department of Physical Education of the Kursk Polytechnic Institute in the 60–70s of the twentieth century, as well as recommendations for the further development of the successful work of the Department of Physical Education in the modern period. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, which allow us to trace the relationship and interdependence of events in the corresponding period of time. In addition, comparative-historical and historical-chronological methods were used, which make it possible to identify patterns and sequence of historical events studied. The results of the scientific research showed that the sports and mass work competently organized at the De-partment of Physical Education under the guidance of highly qualified specialists, the involvement of a wide contingent of students (even with weakened health) in physical culture and recreation work and the conditions necessary for classes allowed KPI students to declare their sports talents not only in Kursk, but also in the country. Conclusions. Established in 1964, the Department of Physical Education at the Kursk Polytechnic Institute, ac-tively and professionally conducted physical education and sports and mass work with university students.
Land USE and the Economy System in Russia at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors:   Southwest State University, Kolupaev Andrei A.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. This article is an attempt to study the features of land use in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Land use and the economic system in Russia during the period under study were the result of a complex centuries-old process of development of the country's agricultural sector. The purpose research is to study the features of the development of land use and the economic system in Russia at the beginning of the XX century. Objectives. The tasks of our scientific research will be formulated as follows: to present an analysis of historical information related to the structure of land use and the economic system in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century; ras-look at the dynamics of the development of land relations in the country. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was: the principle of historicism; methods of objectivity and scientific character; chronological, historical and comparative approaches research served: the principle of historicism; methods of objectivity and scientific character; chronological, historical and comparative approaches. Results made it possible to draw objective conclusions about the structure and dynamics of the development of the land use system and the economic system in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Conclusion Thus, the system of land use in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century was closely connected with the system of land tenure, which was formed over several centuries. The Russian peasantry was in dire need due to its limited land resources. It was forced to rent large areas from other owners: landlords, the state, and other peasants. In turn, this became the cause of the poverty of the peasantry, who gave on average half of their crops to the owners of the land. As a result, the poor Russian peasantry was largely exposed to the revolutionary propaganda of various leftist forces. This was clearly manifested during the revolutionary events of 1905-1907. and especially during the revolutionary events of 1917, when mainly representatives of these small-land peasant farms destroyed the entire mechanism of the land use system.
On the Implementation of the Tasks of Inspecting School Institutions in Russia in 1921–1923 (on the Example of Kursk Province)
Authors:   Southwest State University, Solovyanova Marina V.
Published: January 2023

The relevance of the article stems from the importance of a qualitative study of the tasks of inspection inspections of schools in Soviet Russia, which was used by the state as a control over the process of building a new school. A century later, inspection tasks have a similar focus. In addition, the inspection and control activities in the schools of the Kursk region in the first revolutions and the civil War have not been studied, which increases the relevance of the presented material. The purpose of the article is to define the tasks of inspecting schools in Russia in 1921-1923. The objectives of the article follow from the goal and are to: to determine the timing of the creation of the Soviet inspection apparatus of schools; to formulate the tasks of the inspection of the Soviet school; to indicate the specifics of the inspection of school institutions in the counties of the Kursk province. The methodology of the article is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, which are supplemented by special methods, which include historical-legal, historical-comparative and historical-typological. Result. After the establishment of Soviet power in Russia, a new educational doctrine is being formed. Control over its implementation in schools was carried out by the inspection apparatus. It was built on new principles. The inspectors were faced with tasks related to monitoring the implementation of the instructions of the new government in the field of public education. The inspectors were trained in special courses, but the main professional criterion of the inspector was the acceptance and dissemination of the ideology of state power. In the Kursk region, the process of creating an inspection apparatus was completed in 1923, but a thorough study of schools in the outback began in 1924. An important area of control was the execution in school institutions of decrees, resolutions and orders of the Central Executive Committee and the SNK on public education. Based on the inspectors' reports, new directives were developed. Conclusions. The change of the state-political system in Russia predetermined fundamental changes in the education system, which were controlled by a specially created inspectorate. The education system was based on principles different from the "old" school. The goal of the Soviet government was to build a labor school and, as a result, the conformity of the educational and educational process with the principles of the labor school. The inspection apparatus, which controls the implementation of the ideological principles of power, was a supervisory body and a connecting element between educational institutions and public education departments.
Classification of Organizational and Technical Measures to Counteract Cyberterrorism in Relation to Enterprises and Organizations
Authors:   Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Unukovich Аnton S. , Tsviliy Alexander V. ,   Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: January 2023

Relevance. Cyberterrorism is dangerous by its actions in all directions, however, one of the desired and priority targets for cybercriminals is precisely enterprises and organizations with large human, financial and other resources. To achieve their criminal goals in this direction, cybercriminals use the full power of modern digital scientific and tech-nological achievements. It is relevant to study the current state of the practice of systematizing organizational and technical measures to counter cyber-terrorism against enterprises and organizations in order to further improve them, in particular, by clarifying their classification. The purpose is to characterize the possibilities of applying a system of organizational and technical measures to counter terrorist cybercrimes on the territory of the Russian Federation. Objectives: study the relevance, types and structure of organizational and technical measures to counter cy-bercrimes of a terrorist nature directed against enterprises and organizations, classify them depending on the frequency of application. Methodology. The methodological base of the research is made up of general scientific and particular scientific methods of cognition of reality, which make it possible to investigate the content of organizational and technical measures to counteract cyberterrorism. Methods of analysis and synthesis, logical, system analysis were applied in the study. Results. In the course of the study, the content of organizational and technical measures to counteract cyber-terrorism in relation to enterprises and organizations was revealed, and their classification was carried out depending on the frequency of their implementation. Conclusions. In countering cyberterrorism against enterprises and organizations, not only the content of the organizational and technical measures to counter cyberterrorism against enterprises and organizations, but also the frequency of their application is of great importance. The optimal classification of the main types of organizational and technical measures to counter cybercrimes of a terrorist nature in relation to enterprises and organizations, depending on the time of their application, is associated with the allocation of four groups of organizational and technical measures that ensure the continuity of countering threats.
General Characteristics of the Syrian Antiquities Protection Law
Authors:   Southwest State University, Saker Manaf
Published: January 2023

Relevance. One of the most important tasks of the state at the present stage of development is to preserve the universally recognized achievements of the cultural and historical life of our ancestors. Respect for one's past is of particular importance for the formation of a national ethno-cultural identity. The Syrian legislation has a unique character in this part, where at the same time a criminal law norm and a norm of the Law on the Protection of Historical Monuments can be applied to the perpetrator. Despite the fact that the Law on the Protection of Historical Monuments is an integral part of criminal legislation, it defines the rights and obligations of both individuals and legal entities, specifies the powers of state bodies, i.e. performs not only a protective, but also a regulatory function. The ongoing armed conflict in Syria, when historical monuments are being destroyed, underlines the urgency of the study of protective legislation. The purpose of this study is an in-depth characterization of the law on the protection of cultural and historical heritage monuments, the development of theoretical provisions and recommendations for improving the legislation of the protection law and protection of cultural and historical heritage monuments. Objectives. These goals lead to the formulation and solution of the following tasks: to present the concept and types of objects of cultural and historical heritage; to determine the specifics of the legal regulation of the order of preservation of ancient monuments; to identify problems and propose ways to solve them in the field of regulation of the protective legislation of Syria of cultural heritage objects. Methodology. In the course of the study, the subsequent methods were used: analytical, formal-legal, and ab-straction methods, which make it possible to formulate the main conclusions. Results. Proposals have been formulated that may be useful in the development of the Law on Antiquities. Conclusion. The present study tackles issues such as the definition of ancient monuments, their types, the provisions on the right of ownership and some legal norms according to which these monuments are protected, as well as on the types of crimes committed against cultural heritage objects.
The Establishment of Scientific Periodization on the Example of Activity of Meteorological Service for the Support of the Red Army air Force During the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945
Authors:   Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Gavrilov Аlexey G. , Pryamitsyn Vladimir N.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. The scientific periodization of past events is one of the most common results obtained in the course of historical research. At the same time, sometimes applicants make serious mistakes when formulating it. In this regard, consideration of the requirements for the establishment of scientific periodization and their illustration by a specific example seems relevant. The purpose: of the article is to familiarize the professional community of historians with the experience of es-tablishing scientific periodization of the subject of research on a specific example. The objective of the article is to establish the periodization of the activities of the meteorological service to support the Air Force of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 and demonstrate by its example the practical application of the historical and genetic method. Methodology. During the preparation of the article, methods peculiar to military-historical research were used. In particular, the historical-genetic method was used to establish the periods. The result of the conducted research was the establishment of a scientific periodization of the activities of the meteorological service to provide the Air Force of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. In the process of work, the basic requirements for scientific periodization were taken into account. It is characterized by a unified approach to dividing the chronological framework into successive intervals, has a clearly formulated and theo-retically justified basic criterion on the basis of which this division is performed, has clear boundaries between periods marked by significant events, and correlates with the periodization of a larger historical process. The identified periods are numbered, named, outlined chronologically and characterized. As a basic criterion, the subordination of the meteorological service of the Red Army Air Force was proposed. Conclusion. It is established that modern historical science has the necessary methodological apparatus and clear ideas about the formulation of scientific periodization. Using the example of a specific subject of research, it was revealed that the key component of the success of periodization is the correct definition of the basic criterion.
On Determining the Grounds for the Unlawful USE of a Citizen's Image (According to Law Enforcement Practice Under Article 152.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation)
Authors:   Arbitration Court of Moscow, Grigorieva Irina M.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. The article analyzes the problems of civil law protection of human images. Despite the attention to this topic of the scientific community, in law enforcement practice there are many discussion issues related to the application of the provisions of Article 152.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the protection of the right to image inviolability. The article sets out the results of the analysis of court decisions on claims for declaring the use of the image illegal, collecting funds and compensation for moral damage, on the protection of honor and dignity, courts in accordance with Art. 152.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, allowing to conclude that there are different approaches to assessing the same grounds for the illegality of using the image of a citizen. The purpose of the study is to identify and clarify the grounds for the misuse of the image of a citizen, according to which the courts decide on the existence of a violation of the right to defend it. Objectives: to analyze the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, leading explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, Russian judicial practice in cases on the protection of the right to an image of a citizen and to update the content of the grounds for the unlawful use of an image of a citizen that have developed in judicial practice. Methodology. In the process of working on the study, dialectical-materialistic, formal-legal, system-analytical methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis were used. The results of the study are applied in nature with elements of scientific novelty in the conclusions obtained and are aimed at improving the quality of law enforcement practice and achieving uniformity of decisions when considering claims for the protection of the right to inviolability of someone else's image. Conclusion. The study makes it possible to assert that there was no uniform practice in cases of protecting the right to portray a citizen. The same basis for the misuse of someone else's image by the courts is interpreted in two ways, which requires clarification of such cases by the highest court.
On the Issue of the Strategy of Public Prosecution in the Process of Proving a Criminal Case in the Court of First Instance
Authors:   St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Bryanskaya Elena V. , Pashutina Olesia S. ,   Southwest State University
Published: January 2023

Relevance. The participation of the prosecutor in the process of proving in the court of first instance, in many respects, makes it possible to ensure the objectivity of the consideration of a criminal case, to fill in the gaps in the preliminary investigation in court. The existing shortcomings in law enforcement, the imperfection of the criminal pro-cedure law, in the part related to the topic of the study, necessitate further understanding of the problems of the public prosecution strategy in the process of proving, developing proposals to improve the efficiency of the prosecutor. The purpose: based on the results obtained, to develop scientific provisions of theoretical and practical im-portance in order to improve the criminal procedure law and the practice of its application. Objective: to disclose the content of the prosecutor's participation in the process of proving a criminal case in the court of first instance, to propose measures to improve the criminal procedure law and the procedural activities of the prosecutor, in part related to the topic of the study. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the provisions of the general scientific dialectical method of cognition of the surrounding reality. The authors used such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, as well as formal-logical, formal-legal methods of cognition, observation method and questionnaire. Results. The state prosecutor participating in the court session is not just one of the parties, but acts on behalf of the state, which requires him to strictly comply with the requirements of a modern legislator, the ability to develop a strategy in a "dispute". The strategy should be based on a deep knowledge of the materials of the criminal case, the presentation of evidence in such a harmonized composition that allows the court to reasonably convince the prosecution of the position of the prosecution. Conclusion. Maintaining public prosecution in court is one of the areas of activity of the prosecutor's office, which is significant not only from the standpoint of ensuring accurate, uniform application of the law, but also from the standpoint of achieving the objectives of criminal proceedings. It requires the prosecutor to demonstrate high profes-sionalism, and further actions of the legislator towards creating an appropriate basis for the implementation of such activities.
Avaliação da Aprendizagem no Ensino a Distância Online
Authors: Espirito Santo Eniel , Cardoso Ariston de Lima , Santos Adilson Gomes dos
Published: January 2023

A modernidade líquida, agravada pelos cruéis impactos da pandemia Covid-19, impôs enormes desafios à práxis educativa em todos os níveis de ensino, pois os professores foram arremessados para os ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem que requerem estratégias pedagógicas coerentes com o ciberespaço. No contexto do ensino a distância, a utilização reflexiva das interfaces e tecnologias digitais potencializam o processo da mediação pedagógica, resultando em novas maneiras de ensinar e aprender. Neste sentido, amiúde são realizados questionamentos relativos ao processo de avaliação da aprendizagem nos ambientes virtuais, tendo em vista que a mera transposição das estratégias utilizadas na modalidade presencial não apresenta resultados satisfatórios no ensino a distância. Neste estudo, temos como objetivo discutir os principais pressupostos teóricos relacionados com a avaliação da aprendizagem no contexto do ensino a distância, relacionando-os com a proposta metodológica de avaliação da aprendizagem recomendada pelo Modelo Pedagógico Virtual da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB). Constitui-se em uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, operacionalizada por meio de um estudo de caso realizado na UFRB.  Concluímos que a avaliação da aprendizagem no ensino a distância, realizada com o suporte das tecnologias digitais, pressupõe elevado nível de retroalimentação, visando o engajamento dos estudantes em seu processo de autoaprendizagem e reavaliação da práxis educativa docente. Ademais, requer a utilização de variado leque de instrumentos avaliativos, a fim de possibilitar a coleta de informações sobre o nível de aprendizagem alcançado pelo aluno e, sobretudo, do desenvolvimento das competências preconizadas pelo curso, ou componente curricular, bem como aquelas demandadas tanto pelo mundo do trabalho como pela sociedade hiperconectada em que estamos inseridos.
Violência Escolar de Gênero
Authors: Dadico Luciana
Published: January 2023

Considerando que a violência de gênero participa das diferentes formas de violência escolar, o presente ensaio é dedicado a uma discussão sobre as especificidades da violência de gênero e sobre o modo como este tipo de violência participa das relações escolares. Em uma perspectiva teórico-crítica, a escola e as pessoas que dela participam exercem um papel importante na mediação entre a violência social e a violência escolar, impedindo, produzindo e/ou reproduzindo em seus espaços também a violência de gênero. Dialogando com estudos anteriores sobre o bullying e o preconceito, enquanto formas conhecidas de violência escolar, analiso alguns dos aspectos psicossociais envolvidos na violência de gênero, tarefa que envolve uma necessária crítica das representações ideológicas de gênero e de suas imagens de controle. Espero, com estas reflexões, contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da violência escolar de gênero e seu campo de estudos.
Interaction of an electromagnetic H-wave with a semiconductor nanolayer
Authors: Kuznetsova I. A.  , Savenko O. V.
Published: January 2023

A theoretical model of the electromagnetic H-wave interaction with a semiconductor nanolayer, the thickness of which can be comparable to or less than charge carrier de Broglie wavelength is constructed. We assume the frequency range of the electromagnetic wave to be much less than the plasma frequency. Analytical expressions are derived for optical coefficients as the functions of the dimensionless thickness, electromagnetic wave frequency and incidence angle, chemical potential, and surface roughness parameters. The results derived for the limiting cases of degenerate and nondegenerate electron gas are analyzed. Keywords: nanolayer, Liouville equation, de Broglie wavelength, Soffer model, optical coefficients.
Electron irradiation hardness of high-voltage 4H-SiC Schottky diodes in the operating temperature range
Authors: Lebedev A. A.  , Kozlovski V. V.  , Levinshtein M. E.  , Malevsky D. A.  , Kuzmin R. A.
Published: January 2023

Effect of irradiation with 0.9 MeV electrons on the parameters of 4H-SiC Schottky diodes with a limiting blocking voltage Ub=600 and 1700 V was studied for the first time in the range of operating temperatures Ti (23 and 175oC). The range of fluences Phi was 1·1016-2·1016 cm-2 for devices with Ub=600 V and 5·1015-1.5·1016 cm-2 for devices with Ub=1700 V. Irradiation at room temperature increases significantly the differential resistance of the base of the diodes. Irradiation with the same doses at Ti=175oC --- i.e. at limiting operating temperature of devices, does not affect practically the parameters of current-voltage characteristics. Nevertheless, the DLTS spectra demonstrate a significant increase in the concentration of deep levels in the upper half of the band gap not only after irradiation at room temperature, but also after irradiation at Ti=175oC. Keywords: silicon carbide, Schottky diodes, electron irradiation, current-voltage characteristics, DLTS spectra.
Study of Deposition of Al-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- Nanolayers by Atomic Layer Deposition on the Structured ITO Films
Authors: Markov L. K.  , Pavluchenko A. S.  , Smirnova  I. P.  , Mesh M. V.  , Kolokolov D. S.  , Pushkarev A.P.
Published: January 2023

In this work, the antireflective nanostructured ITO/Al2O3 coatings that have a gradient of the effective refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the substrate plane have been studied. The coatings were obtained by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of aluminum oxide on the structured ITO films. The transmission electron microscopy showed that the deposited nanosized aluminum oxide layer was of good quality and uniformly covered the ITO whiskers. As shown in experiments, the thickness of the resulting Al2O3 layer is affected by the thickness and, hence, by the degree of surface roughness of the initial ITO film. The resulting thicknesses can be several times lower than that planned in the experiment, based both on the calculations of the parameters of the ALD process and on the direct measurements of the aluminum oxide deposition rate for unstructured ITO films. A possible reason that affects the growth rate of A1O3 layers in nanostructured ITO films is a strong increase in the surface area of the ITO film during its structuring. So, the transmission and scanning microscopy data for a 700 nm-thick structured ITO film have shown that its surface area is more than 20 times greater than that of a smooth film. Keywords: Indium tin oxide, aluminum oxide, atomic layer deposition, antireflective coatings, deposition rate.
The Effectiveness of a Web-Based Application for a Balanced Diet and Healthy Weight Among Indonesian Pregnant Women: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Koeryaman Mira Trisyani , Pallikadavath Saseendran , Ryder Isobel Helen , Kandala Ngianga
Published: January 2023

Background

Pregnant women have self-declared that they have difficulties in estimating nutrient intakes. The Nutrition Information System for Indonesian Pregnant Women (SISFORNUTRIMIL) application was created as a dietary assessment and calorie-counting tool to guide pregnant women to eat the right portion sizes for each meal.

Objective

The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the SISFORNUTRIMIL application in helping users achieve a balanced diet and healthy maternal weight gain in comparison to nonusers in Indonesia.

Methods

 First-pregnancy women in the second trimester aged 19-30 years (N=112) participated in the randomized controlled trial. Recruited women who were eligible and consented to participate in the study were allocated into the intervention group, or application user (n=56), and the control group, or application nonuser (n=56). The intervention recommended that pregnant women consume at least 5 food groups and calculate a recommended average portion size for 12 weeks. Both groups were self-monitored and recorded their intake in food records for 3 days every week. The dietary diversity consumed, macro- and micronutrient intake, and maternal weight gain were assessed pre- and postintervention. Data were collected three times during the intervention. Diversity food consumption was measured by the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of reproductive age. Furthermore, the Indonesian recommended dietary allowances were used to refer to and validate appropriate energy and nutrient amounts. Independent sample t test was used to compare differences between the intervention and control groups.

Results

The mean dietary diversity score for the application user group (7.79, SD 1.20) was significantly greater than for the application nonuser group (7.02, SD 1.39; adjusted mean difference 0.77, 95% CI 0.28-1.25; d=0.28; P=.005). Macro- and micronutrient intake was significantly more in accordance with the dietary recommendations for the user group compared to the control group, including an energy daily intake of 156.88 kcal (95% CI 114.52-199.23; d=–1.39; P=.002), 102.43 g of carbohydrates (95% CI –125.2 to –79.60; d=–1.68; P=.02), 14.33 g of protein (95% CI 11.40-17.25; d=1.86; P<.001), and 10.96 g of fat (95% CI –13.71 to –8.20; d=–1.49; P<.001). Furthermore, there was a significantly higher intake of daily vitamins and minerals in the intervention group than in the control group. Other results showed that maternal weight gain in the intervention group was in accordance with the parameters of healthy weight gain.

Conclusions

 Recording food intake using the application was significantly effective in improving the dietary diversity consumed, improving adequate energy and nutrient intake, and producing healthy maternal weight during pregnancy.

Trial Registration

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN42690828; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN42690828