bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined EEG and immersive virtual reality unveil dopaminergic modulation of error monitoring in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Pezzetta R. , Ozkan D. G. , Era V. , Tieri G. , Zabberoni S. , Taglieri S. , Costa A. , Peppe A. , Caltagirone C. , Aglioti S. M.
Published: January 2023

Detecting errors in your own and others’ actions is associated with discrepancies between intended and expected outcomes. The processing of salient events is associated with dopamine release, the balance of which is altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Errors in observed actions trigger various electrocortical indices (e.g. mid-frontal theta, error-related delta, and error positivity [oPe]). However, the impact of dopamine depletion to observed errors in the same individual remains unclear. Healthy controls (HCs) and PD patients observed ecological reach-to-grasp-a-glass actions performed by a virtual arm from a first-person perspective. PD patients were tested under their dopaminergic medication (on-condition) and after dopaminergic withdrawal (off-condition). Analyses of oPe, delta, and theta-power increases indicate that while the formers were elicited after incorrect vs. correct actions in all groups, the latter were observed in on-condition but altered in off-condition PD. Therefore, different EEG error signatures may index the activity of distinct mechanisms, and error-related theta power is selectively modulated by dopamine depletion. Our findings may facilitate discovering dopamine-related biomarkers for error-monitoring dysfunctions that may have crucial theoretical and clinical implications.
Variable effects of vegetation characteristics on a recreation service depending on natural and social environment
Authors: Aiba Masahiro , Shibata Rei , Oguro Michio , Nakashizuka Tohru
Published: January 2023

In this study, we examined roles of three vegetation characteristics in provisioning of a recreation service by applying a machine-learning method to 4,708,229 spatially-explicit records of hiking activity in Japan. Then, expected impacts of land-use changes assessed and mapped based on the model. Associations between a recreation service and three vegetation characteristics were considerably variable depending on the social and natural environment such as accessibility and altitude. As a consequence, expected impacts of unit changes in vegetation characteristics on the service flow were considerably heterogeneous throughout the study area. The signs (positive or negative) of the impact can be reversed depending on the contexts even among nearby sites. Such notable but variable contributions of vegetation on a recreation service should be carefully reflected in landscape management. Even moderate changes in either the quantity or quality of vegetation can have a considerable impact on the frequency of hiking activity. Landscape management for promotion of the recreation service should be carefully designed for each locality on the grounds of the context-dependent effects of vegetation.
Sources of water vapor and their effects on water isotopes in precipitation in the Indian monsoon region: a model-based assessment
Authors: Tharammal Thejna , Bala Govindasamy , Nusbaumer Jesse M.
Published: January 2023

Climate records of ratios of stable water isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) are used to reconstruct the past Indian monsoon precipitation. Identifying the sources of water vapor is important in understanding the role of monsoonal circulation in the δ18O values, to aid in monsoon reconstructions. Here, using an isotope-enabled Earth system model, we estimate the contributions of oceanic and terrestrial water vapor sources to two major precipitation seasons in India—the Southwest monsoon and the Northeast monsoon, and their effects on the δ18O in precipitation (δ18Op). We find that the two monsoon seasons have different dominant sources of water vapor because of the reversal in atmospheric circulation. While Indian Ocean regions, Arabian Sea, and recycling are the major sources of the Southwest monsoon precipitation, North Pacific Ocean and recycling are two crucial sources of Northeast monsoon precipitation. The δ18Op of the Southwest monsoon precipitation is determined by contributions from the Indian Ocean sources and recycling. Despite reduced precipitation, more negative δ18Op values are simulated in the Northeast monsoon season due to larger negative δ18Op contributions from the North Pacific. Our results imply that changes in atmospheric circulation and water vapor sources in past climates can influence climate reconstructions using δ18O.
Scapulohumeral kinematics and neuromuscular control during scaption are associated with passive stiffness and strength of periscapular muscles in competitive adolescent swimmers
Authors: Chen Po-Tsun , Wang Po-Kai , Chen Ting-Ting , Tuan-Mu Ho-Yi , Chiu Chih-Hao , Liu Kuan-Lin
Published: January 2023

The passive stiffness and strength of periscapular muscles may affect scapulohumeral control, especially in overhead athletes due to sports-specific training. This study tried to assess the relationship between the passive stiffness and strength of periscapular muscles, scapulohumeral kinematics and neuromuscular control during scaption in swimmers. Ten male adolescent competitive front-crawl swimmers were recruited. The passive stiffness and strength of periscapular muscles were measured in standard postures by a hand-held myotonometer and dynamometer, respectively. Surface electromyography and electromagnetic tracking systems were synchronized to record the muscle activities and scapulohumeral kinematics during scaption. Correlations between the passive stiffness or strength of periscapular muscles and the kinematics or muscle activity were examined by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The maximal strength of periscapular muscles correlated positively with the ranges of upward and external rotation of the scapula and negatively with muscle activity during scaption. Passive stiffness of periscapular muscles was associated with the downward rotation of the scapula and triggered an increase in muscle activity. Increased passive stiffness or decreased strength in the periscapular muscles may affect their role in controlling the scapular rotation and contribute to compensation from adjacent muscles. Our findings suggest that when attempting to evaluate scapular behavior, it may be beneficial to examine muscle strength and passive stiffness of periscapular muscles.
Rational design of Harakiri (HRK)-derived constrained peptides as BCL-xL inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Peiyu , Walko Martin , Wilson Andrew J.
Published: January 2023

In silico methods alongisde dibromomaleimide stapling scanning and sequence hybridization were used to inform the design of BCL-xL selective peptideomimetic ligands.
Highly efficient acrylic acid production from formaldehyde and acetic acid over the NASICON-type catalyst
Authors: Gao Qiliang , Zheng Kaiwen , Li Chao , Wang Jiahao , Zhang Guojie , Zhang Qingde , Song Faen , Zhang Tao , Zhang Junfeng , Han Yizhuo
Published: January 2023

NASICON material modulated by concomitantly-generated TiP2O7 phase shows highly-efficient production of acrylic acid from formaldehyde and acetic acid.
A cyano-based electron-accepting building block to design n-type conjugated polymers with absorption wavelength of >1000 nm
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Meng Bin , Liu Jian , Zhu Feng , Qin Chuanjiang , Liu Jun , Wang Lixiang
Published: January 2023

A cyano-based electron-accepting building block to design n-type conjugated polymers with ultra-narrow optical gap.
Photosalient ionic cocrystal composed of trimesic acid and 4-styrylpyridine
Authors: Kusumoto Sotaro , Sato Kei , Muraie Kouki , Masuda Shunya , Rakumitsu Kenta , Kim Yang , Koide Yoshihiro
Published: January 2023

We report a photosalient crystal associated with [2 + 2] photodimerization of 4-styrylpyridine using trimesic acid as a hydrogen bonding template.
Specific zinc binding to heliorhodopsin
Authors: Hashimoto Masanori , Miyagawa Koichi , Singh Manish , Katayama Kota , Shoji Mitsuo , Furutani Yuji , Shigeta Yasuteru , Kandori Hideki
Published: January 2023

ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of heliorhodopsin mutants revealed E150 to be responsible for Zn2+-binding. Molecular dynamics simulations built a coordination structure of Zn2+, where E150 and protein bound water molecules participate direct coordination.
One-pot synthesis of quaternary pyridinium salts of lupane triterpenoids and their antimicrobial properties
Authors: Shakurova Elvira R. , Efimova Svetlana S. , Ostroumova Olga S. , Parfenova Lyudmila V.
Published: January 2023

C30-quaternized derivatives of lupane triterpenoids (31 examples) were synthesized with a yield of 85–95% via a one-pot functionalization of a double bond under the action of organic tribromides and pyridines.
Recent advances in carbon dots: synthesis and applications in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Zhang Ran , Hou Yuxi , Sun Lingxiang , Liu Xiaoming , Zhao Yifan , Zhang Qingmei , Zhang Yanjie , Wang Lu , Li Ran , Wang Chunfang , Wu Xiuping , Li Bing
Published: January 2023

The synthesis and applications of carbon dots in osteogenesis, fluorescence tracing, phototherapy and antibacterial activity have been explored.
Two-dimensional metal-phase layered molybdenum disulfide for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Hang , Xiao Xuejian , Xu Hualan , Wang Lei , Li Yuan , Ouyang Chuying , Zhong Shengliang
Published: January 2023

Compared with 1T-MoS2prepared by the hydrothermal method, the electrocatalytic water splitting of 1T-MoS2prepared by the microwave method was substantially improved.
Battery-like bismuth oxide anodes for soft-packed supercapacitors with high energy storage performance
Authors: Xiao Qindan , Zhu Juncheng , Cheng Chang , Liu Jianpeng , Zhang Xiaohan , Li Zhong , Zhu Jiliang
Published: January 2023

The soft-packed supercapacitor, assembled with Bi2O3 and Ni(OH)2, has an extremely high energy and power density. Connecting the two supercapacitors in series as a power source can light up the “SCU” LED sign and drive a tiny fan.
Compositing redox-rich Co–Co@Ni–Fe PBA nanocubes into cauliflower-like conducting polypyrrole as an electrode material in supercapacitors
Authors: Mukherjee Poulami , R. S. Vishwanath , Borenstein Arie , Zidki Tomer
Published: January 2023

Supercapacitors (SCs) coupled with redox materials have been extensively investigated to maximize the energy density of SCs.
Unsymmetrical relay C–H alkenylation and [2 + 2] cycloaddition ofN-arylsydnones with allenyl acetates leading to quinoline-fused cyclobutanes
Authors: Song Xia , Wang Kelin , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we present a direct, effective and atom-economical access toward quinoline-fused cyclobutane derivatives through Rh(iii)-catalyzed cascade reactions ofN-arylsydnones with allenyl acetates.
Deaminative coupling of benzylamines and arylboronic acids
Authors: Sirvinskaite Giedre , Reisenbauer Julia C. , Morandi Bill
Published: January 2023

A metal-free deaminative coupling of non-prefunctionalised benzylamines and arylboronic acids is reported.
Amorphous entangled active matter
Authors: Savoie William , Tuazon Harry , Tiwari Ishant , Bhamla M. Saad , Goldman Daniel I.
Published: January 2023

Examining the properties of amorphous entangled systems through in silico simulations and in living aggregates of worm blobs, large-amplitude changes of the particle's shape improve the entanglement and tensile strength of the collective.
A simple monoselective C–H oxygenation approach for the synthesis of ursane triterpenoids
Authors: Mei Wenyi , Fan Sisi , Han Yufei , Shi Cunjian , Qiu Lijie , Shen Yunheng , Zhao Zhenjiang , Xu Yufang , Li Honglin
Published: January 2023

The total syntheses of six ursane triterpenoids have been realized from ursolic acid via a simple monoselective C–H oxygenation approach.
Retraction: Dipyrrolyl-bis-sulfonamide chromophore based probe for anion recognition
Authors: Ghule Namdev V. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Bhosale Sidhanath V.
Published: January 2023

Retraction of ‘Dipyrrolyl-bis-sulfonamide chromophore based probe for anion recognition’ by Namdev V. Ghule et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 27112–27115, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA04000G.
Developments in rapid hydrogen–deuterium exchange methods
Authors: Chow Vimanda , Wolf Esther , Lento Cristina , Wilson Derek J.
Published: January 2023

Biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, contain heteroatom-bonded hydrogens that undergo exchange with solvent hydrogens on timescales ranging from microseconds to hours. In hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), this exchange process is used to extract information about biomolecular structure and dynamics. This minireview focuses on millisecond timescale HDX-MS measurements, which, while less common than ‘conventional’ timescale (seconds to hours) HDX-MS, provide a unique window into weakly structured species, weak (or fast cycling) binding interactions, and subtle shifts in conformational dynamics. This includes intrinsically disordered proteins and regions (IDPs/IDRs) that are associated with cancer and amyloidotic neurodegenerative disease. For nucleic acids and carbohydrates, structures such as isomers, stems, and loops, can be elucidated and overall structural rigidity can be assessed. We will provide a brief overview of technical developments in rapid HDX followed by highlights of various applications, emphasising the importance of broadening the HDX timescale to improve throughput and to capture a wider range of function-relevant dynamic and structural shifts.
Revealing magnetic field structure at the surfaces of protoplanetary disks via near-infrared circular polarization
Authors: de Langen I. , Tazaki R.
Published: January 2023

Context. Magnetic fields play a fundamental role in the dynamical evolution of protoplanetary disks, in particular via magnetically induced disk winds. The magnetic field structure at the disk surface is crucial for driving the disk winds; however, it is still poorly understood observationally.

Aims. We explore a new method to probe the magnetic field structure at the disk surface using near-infrared (NIR) circular polarization. Near-infrared circular polarization arises when unpolarized stellar light is scattered by magnetically aligned grains at the disk surface. In this study, we aim to clarify to what extent the observed circular polarization pattern can be used to diagnose the magnetic field structure.

Methods. We first calculated light scattering properties of aligned spheroids, and the results were then used to create expected observational images of the degree of circular polarization at a NIR wavelength.

Results. Magnetically aligned grains can produce circular polarization, particularly when the field configuration deviates from a purely toroidal field. We find that disk azimuthal dependence of the degree of circular polarization tends to exhibit a double peaked profile when the field structure is favorable for driving disk winds by centrifugal force. We also find that even if the disk is spatially unresolved, a net circular polarization can possibly be nonzero. We also show that the amplitude of circular polarization is strongly dependent on grain composition and axis ratio.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that circular polarization observations would be useful to study the magnetic field structure and dust properties at the disk surface.
Multi-probe analysis of the galaxy cluster CL J1226.9+3332
Authors: Muñoz-Echeverría M. , Macías-Pérez J. F. , Pratt G. W. , Adam R. , Ade P. , Ajeddig H. , André P. , Arnaud M. , Artis E. , Aussel H. , Bartalucci I. , Beelen A. , Benoît A. , Berta S. , Bing L. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , De Petris M. , Désert F.-X. , Doyle S. , Driessen E. F. C. , Ferragamo A. , Gomez A. , Goupy J. , Hanser C. , Kéruzoré F. , Kramer C. , Ladjelate B. , Lagache G. , Leclercq S. , Lestrade J.-F. , Maury A. , Mauskopf P. , Mayet F. , Melin J.-B. , Monfardini A. , Paliwal A. , Perotto L. , Pisano G. , Pointecouteau E. , Ponthieu N. , Revéret V. , Rigby A. J. , Ritacco A. , Romero C. , Roussel H. , Ruppin F. , Schuster K. , Shu S. , Sievers A. , Tucker C. , Yepes G.
Published: January 2023

The precise estimation of the mass of galaxy clusters is a major issue for cosmology. Large galaxy cluster surveys rely on scaling laws that relate cluster observables to their masses. From the high-resolution observations of ∼45 galaxy clusters with the NIKA2 and XMM-Newton instruments, the NIKA2 Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Large Program should provide an accurate scaling relation between the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect and the hydrostatic mass. In this paper we present an exhaustive analysis of the hydrostatic mass of the well-known galaxy cluster CL J1226.9+3332, the highest-redshift cluster in the NIKA2 Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Large Program at z = 0.89. We combined the NIKA2 observations with thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich data from the NIKA, Bolocam, and MUSTANG instruments and XMM-Newton X-ray observations, and tested the impact of the systematic effects on the mass reconstruction. We conclude that slight differences in the shape of the mass profile can be crucial when defining the integrated mass at R500, which demonstrates the importance of the modelling in the mass determination. We prove the robustness of our hydrostatic mass estimates by showing the agreement with all the results found in the literature. Another key factor for cosmology is the bias of the masses estimated assuming the hydrostatic equilibrium hypothesis. Based on the lensing convergence maps from the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) data, we obtain the lensing mass estimate for CL J1226.9+3332. From this we are able to measure the hydrostatic-to-lensing mass bias for this cluster, which spans from 1 − bHSE/lens ∼ 0.7 to 1, presenting the impact of data sets and mass reconstruction models on the bias.
The Adsorption of Lysozyme on Living Escherichia Coli Bacterial Cells in the Presence of Charged Amino Acids and Glycine
Authors: Rastriga Nikolay V. , Gasanova Daria A. , Smirnov Sergei A. , Levashov Pavel A.
Published: January 2023

The effect of glycine, glutamate, aspartate, lysine, histidine, and arginine on the adsorption of lysozyme on living Escherichia coli bacterial cells under conditions close to those for the functioning of the enzyme in saliva was studied. It was shown that the addition of the listed amino acids at concentrations of 1.5 mM for glycine and 5 mM for charged amino acids reduced the desorption constant of lysozyme by 1.4–2.0 times, while the rate of cell lysis (lysozyme activity) increased by 1.4–1.9 times. The maximum amount of lysozyme that can bind to bacteria (adsorption capacity) did not change. An increase in the efficiency of cell lysis in the presence of glycine and charged amino acids can be explained by an increase in the productive adsorption of the enzyme on the surface of bacterial cells.
Practical Applicability of Radiation Technologies in Food Systems
Authors: Timakova Roza , Iliukhina Iuliia , Iliukhin Ruslan
Published: January 2023

While achieving the food security, the use of radiation technologies for the processing of food wheat grains is distinguished by its practical significance. The use of inactivating (1-5 kGy) and sterilizing (25 kGy) doses of gamma radiation shall ensure the biosafety of radiation-treated grain. Changes in the main signs of freshness (color, odor) after treatment with different doses of ionizing radiation and during storage for up to 30 days have not been established. Varietal (species) grain purity of “Ekaterina” soft spring wheat is 99.7%, its grain purity is 99.93%. As a result of the research, a decrease in grain moisture content by 0.02-0.83% has been found compared to non-irradiated wheat grain at the stage of setting up for the experiment, after 15 days of storage – by 0.15-1.02%, and after 30 days of storage – by 0.44-1.40%, respectively; there is a significant decrease in the grain microflora established by the quantitative parameters of QMAFAnM and fungal microbiota, which makes it possible to establish the positive effect of using gamma radiation to improve the storage capacity of food grains in food systems. Research work needs to be continued in matters of nutritional value assessment.
Formation of a New Paradigm of Scientific and Technological Development in the Era of Global Transformation
Authors: Sapiyat Tsutsulaeva , Zulay Isakieva
Published: January 2023

The essence of the new scientific paradigm lies in the fact that it made it possible to determine the patterns of development of the global society. This was achieved primarily through the understanding that humanity in its development objectively, whether we like it or not, pursues only one ultimate goal. This is the goal of satisfying the highest need of each individual (which he is not yet fully aware of) to become perfect physically, intellectually and spiritually and to achieve a high level of consciousness. Effective collaboration and collaboration across disciplines, this journal writes, maximizes the potential benefits of interdisciplinary research and provides a foundation for future research activities.
Determination of Biologically Active Substances in the Suspension Culture of Oxycoccus Palustris Pers
Authors: Sabantseva А.А. , Konyukhova O.M.
Published: January 2023

Due to changes in environmental conditions in the negative direction, a reduction in the areas of growth of medicinal plants was noted. For this reason, there is a reduction in the volume of medicinal plant raw materials. Marsh cranberries were no exception. It is it that is considered a valuable source of various biologically active compounds. The purpose of this work is to obtain a suspension culture of Oxycoccus palustris Pers in laboratory conditions and to carry out biochemical studies of the grown biotechnological raw materials. According to the results of the study, it was found that biotechnological raw materials are rich in antioxidants – 89.9 ± 0.46%. The quantitative content of arbutin in the studied raw materials is 1.2 ± 0.05%, and the proportion of anthocyanins is 7.65 ± 0.02%. In suspension culture of Oxycoccus palustris Pers. ascorbic acid and tannins are present, the content of which is: 1.13 ± 0.01% and 2.70 ± 0.05%, respectively.
Changes in the Basic Physical and Chemical Parameters of Raw Materials Under the Influence of the Milk-Protein Complex
Authors: Savinkova E.A.
Published: January 2023

Today, the development of competitive food products is of particular relevance. This focus should provide the population with high-quality meat products. A special role in this issue is given to non-traditional, national and innovative products, as well as products for healthy nutrition in the context of import substitution.
Drone-Based Fluorescence Lidar for Agricultural Applications
Authors: Lednev Vasily N. , Zavozin Vladimir A. , Grishin Mikhail Ya. , Grigorieva Daria V. , Sdvizhenskii Pavel A.
Published: January 2023

We developed ultracompact fluorescence LiDAR for agricultural applications. To minimize the device, we used laser diode (wavelength 405 nm and power consumption 150 mW) and minispectrometer with wavelength range from 350 nm to 810 nm. We used single board computer to control LiDAR instrument. Small size (10×15×5 cm) and low weight (310 g) of the LiDAR make it possible to install it on a commercial unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Maize field have been sensed by LiDAR to distinguish healthy and plants under stress. Due the measurement we constructed field maps in different wavelengths of fluorescent radiation.
DMNP, a Synthetic Analog of Erogorgiaene, Inhibits the ppGpp Synthetase Activity of the Small Alarmone Synthetase RelZ
Authors: Sidorov Roman Yu. , Tkachenko Alexander G.
Published: January 2023

Suppression of the stringent response is a promising strategy for the treatment of persistent bacterial infections. A novel class of compounds having a mechanism of action based on alarmone synthetase inhibition and suppressing the synthesis of (p)ppGpp alarmones in bacteria may provide a more effective treatment for latent infections and resolve problems associated with bacterial persistence. Conventional antibiotics primarily act on actively growing bacteria, but they are inactive against persister cells with a slowed metabolism. Alarmone synthetase inhibitors have antipersister properties that may enhance conventional antibiotics’ antibacterial action. Two groups of RSH proteins are responsible for the synthesis of alarmones: long RelA/SpoT homologs and small alarmone synthetases. Many species of bacteria possess both types of enzymes. Despite the fact that a number of inhibitors of bifunctional long synthetases/hydrolases have been described to date, their properties with respect to monofunctional small alarmone synthetases have been studied poorly. This study investigated the effect of the alarmone synthetase inhibitor DMNP on the purified RelZ small alarmone synthetase protein from Mycolicibacterium smegmatis.
Bacterial Degradation of PCB 70 and its Hydroxy Derivatives is an Environmentally Friendly Way to Destroy Pops
Authors: Kir’yanova Tatyana D. , Egorova Darya O. , Gorbunova Tatyana I. , Pervova Marina G.
Published: January 2023

One of the problems of our time is the environmentally safe destruction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated derivatives. The aim of the study was to investigate the features and prospects of the decomposition of PCB 70 (2,5,3’,4’-tetrachlorobiphenyl) and hydroxylated chlorobiphenyls derived from it by Rhodococcus wratislaviensis strain CH628. As a result of the application of methods of periodic cultivation, gas chromatography and light spectrometry, it was found that the efficiency of destruction of PCB 70 1 g of cells of strain CH628 was 90 mg PCB/day, and the same indicator for a mixture consisting of hydroxy derivatives obtained from PCB 70 was 56 mg PCB/day. It was shown that the strain uses all components of the mixture of hydroxy-PCB 70 as a growth substrate, but with different degradation rates. When cultivated in a mineral medium with PCB 70 or a mixture of hydroxy-PCB 70, strain CH628 forms biofilms. The analysis of the obtained results shows that the use of the Rhodococcus wratislaviensis CH628 strain will make it possible to develop a technology for the environmentally safe destruction of PCB 70 and hydroxy-PCBs derived from it.
Bioconversion of Bottom Sediments Using Mesophilic Prokaryotes of the Genus Bacillus spp.
Authors: Sidorova N.A. , Kucko A.A.
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study was to develop a scientific and technical justification for the bioconversion of bottom sediments using mesophilic prokaryotes. The main component of the bottom sediment bioconversion technology includes microorganisms of the genus Bacillus spp., isolated in a pure culture from the microbial community of bottom sediments. Bacilli are highly resistant to natural (climatic) conditions, anthropogenic factors, elevated concentrations of pollutants and are able to adapt to their effects. As a result of the laboratory experiment, work was carried out on the selection of factors that ensure the intensity of microbial bioconversion of bottom sediments. In order to achieve the maximum effect from the enzymatic and biochemical activity of bacilli, kinetic characteristics associated with the achievement of maximum values of optical density, microbial cell concentration and growth rate were studied. After analyzing a number of the above indicators, it is concluded that the method of processing bottom sediments using mesophilic prokaryotes of the genus Bacillus spp. will allow in the future to obtain an environmentally friendly and mineral-saturated product for further use in the practice of crop production.
Radiation dose assessment for nuclear medicine workers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alashban Y. , Albedaiwi O. , Shubayr N.
Published: January 2023

Nuclear medicine (NM) is an essential radiology department in healthcare facilities. In NM procedures, radioactive isotopes are administered intravenously or orally to assess the molecular, metabolic, physiologic, anatomical and pathologic states of the body for diagnostic therapy and research applications. The annual dosimetric records of 269 nuclear medicine technologists (NMTs) and 132 nuclear medicine nurses (NMNs) from 2016 to 2021 are collected in four major medical centres. Personal radiation doses in NM departments are monitored on a quarterly basis using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). The TLDs used have an approximate tissue equivalence of 8.14 and a density of around 2.64 g cm−3. TLDs are read using WinREMS software and a Harshaw 6600 plus reader. In this study, only Hp (10), which estimates the effective dose, is included in the analysis. The result showed that the NMTs and NMNs’ overall mean effective dose during the study period were 1.06 ± 0.60 mSv (0.06–3.26 mSv) and 0.92 ± 0.70 mSv (0.01–5.52 mSv), respectively. The result of our study found lower values of annual mean effective doses compared to previous studies conducted in Saudi Arabia. The dosimetric records show that the mean effective dose among both workers were below the permissible dose limits, which suggest a safe work environment in term of radiation protection practices.
A Game Based Innovative teaching and learning environment to enhance progression and performance of students
Authors: Bhat Anjum Zameer , Ahmed Imran , Kameswari Lakshmi , Khan Mohammed Samiullah
Published: January 2023

Activity-based and game-based learning environment significantly enhances the learning experience and stimulates interest and increases the attention span and concentration of learners. Game-based or activity-based learning becomes essential to achieve the learning objectives and overall comprehension of students of a particular concept. Several game-based classroom activities have been proposed in the past and implemented with quite a success rate. This research study proposes a game-based activity that is intended not only for enhancing attention span or generating interest in learning in students however it addresses several issues and takes into consideration (1) the importance of revision of topics and (2) the importance of identifying topics that students have not been able to fully or partially comprehend (3) feedback on the topics delivered (4) ensuring individual progress of students (5) enhances attention span of students (6) stimulates competitive environment, (7) enhances intrinsic motivation amongst students, and (8) enhances comprehension of concepts & progression of students.
Academic Practices before, during and after Covid
Authors: Deena R.
Published: January 2023

A reflective paper talks exclusively about the experiences of a person and the learning that is derived from it. This paper gives a detailed insight into the experiences of self before, during and after the pandemic. The Psychological impact of the Covid and the aftermath of the Covid is discussed as well. The issues are looked at from three perspectives – the student perspective, Staff perspective and the institution perspective as well.

This paper is more of a reflection of how a teacher has handled the different situations before Covid, during Covid and post Covid as well.

As a teacher I have had the opportunity to handle many different situations, particularly during the COVID period. It was in fact an eye opener, an answer to many questions about the adoption of various methodologies during the given time period. Since the start of Covid A Reflective report on the previous academic year and what I was able to do through the year will help me to analyze what I have done and how I can proceed further to develop a better teacher in me.
Possible Selves of School Counsellor Candidates: A Qualitative Study in Turkey
Authors: Dalioglu Seray Tatli , Gudul Meryem Demir
Published: January 2023

According to the Possible Selves Theory, possible selves are the cognitive reflections of individuals' hopes and fears for the future. The hoped-for self is the possible selves that the individual dreams of; and the feared self is defined as possible selves that the individuals are afraid of. The possible selves of school counsellor candidates are very important in terms of revealing their hopes, expectations and concerns about their future professional lives. The aim of this study is to examine the possible selfconcepts of school counsellor candidates through qualitative research. The study was conducted with 62 candidates, who attended to the last grade of the undergraduate program at the department of educational sciences in a university in Istanbul. A metaphorical study was conducted to identify the candidates’ possible selves. The data obtained from the students were analysed by using the content analysis method, through which the metaphors were examined, the categorization was made and the steps of the reliability analysis were followed respectively. After analysis of the metaphors, 9 of the students were interviewed in order to deepen understanding.
A case study on 360 Degree Evaluation of Programme Performance Indicators to Enrich Student Learning Experience at Middle East College
Authors: Venugopal Dhanalakshmi , Agarwal Aparna , Kurian Preethy
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore the programme performance indicators so that the student experiences on teaching and learning can be enhanced at Middle East College(MEC). Improving the quality of education depends on the different parameters. Determining the objective for each indicator that measure the performance levels of students is necessary for maintaining quality assurance. In order for the department to maintain high standards, administrators and faculty members must identify all the performance indicators. The programme management team has set the action strategies to achieve the performance indicators based on the programme objectives. This research paper captures the action strategies implemented in the programme and a complete review of those activities to analyse the program performance which could be used for all education institution.
Recent Advances on the Carboxylations of C(sp3)–H Bonds Using CO2 as the Carbon Source
Authors: Das Shoubhik , Pradhan Suman
Published: January 2023

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is widely known as being a sustainable C1 synthon for the synthesis of various carboxylic acid derivatives, including essential natural and unnatural amino acids. While it is sustainable, the high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of the CO2 molecule is a major drawback to its wider use in organic synthesis. However, the reduction of this inert and highly stable CO2 molecule has been carried out successfully over the past few years using various stoichiometric as well as catalytic approaches. Initially, chemists employed transition-metal/transition-metal-free thermochemical methods for the incorporation of CO2 into organic compounds, however, gradually, the introduction of greener approaches such as visible-light-induced photoredox catalysis and electrocatalysis became revolutionary for the synthesis of carboxylic acids under mild reaction conditions. In this short review, we discuss the recent advances in carboxylation reactions via functionalization of the (sp3)C–H bonds of various organic molecules with CO2 using thermochemical, photochemical and electrochemical methods.

1 Introduction

2 Transition-Metal/Transition-Metal-Free Thermochemical Carbox ylations of C(sp3)–H Bonds

2.1 C(sp3)–H Bond Carboxylation of Carbonyls

2.2 Allylic, Benzylic and Alkyl C(sp3)–H Bond Carboxylation

3 Photochemical C(sp3)–H Bond Carboxylation

3.1 Allylic C(sp3)–H Bond Carboxylation

3.2 Benzylic C(sp3)–H Bond Carboxylation

4 Electrochemical Carboxylation of C(sp3)–H Bonds

5 Conclusion and Outlook
Single-Center Study Evaluating Long-Term Major Adverse Outcomes with the Use of Paclitaxel-Coated Balloons in Treating Infrainguinal Arterial Disease
Authors: Shammas Nicolas W. , Sharis Elizabeth , Shammas Gail A , Jones-Miller Susan
Published: January 2023

Paclitaxel drug-coated balloons (DCB) have been shown to reduce target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate, but recently an association between paclitaxel and an increase in mortality at 5-year was reported. We reviewed the 5-year mortality and freedom from TLR rates from a single center among patients that received DCB. Consecutive patients that received DCB from July 8, 2015 to November 27, 2019 with follow-up obtained from medical records and review of official death certificates were reviewed. The primary objective was total mortality and TLR rates with cumulative exposure to paclitaxel-coated balloons. Demographic, angiographic, clinical, and procedural variables were collected. Causes of mortality were classified according to death certificates. Descriptive analysis was performed on all variables. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the total length of DCBs in those who were alive and those who died by the end of study. Kaplan–Meier (KM) was used to plot the freedom from mortality up to 5 years. A total of 91 symptomatic patients received the Lutonix balloon at index to treat femoropopliteal arterial disease and subsequently received either Lutonix or in.PACT during the follow-up phase for additional procedures. Age was 68.4 ± 10.8 years (56.0% males). Critical limb ischemia was present in 20.9%. There was no statistical difference in mortality between the median total number of balloons used among patients who were alive versus those who died (2.5 vs. 3.0, p-value = 0.89). Also, there was no statistical difference in the total length of DCB balloons used between those who were alive and those who died at the end of the study (p-value = 0.39). There were no in-hospital amputation or death. At 5-year follow-up KM freedom from TLR was 78.5%. A total of 13 patients died during follow-up. Of these 10 received only the Lutonix balloon and 3 did receive both Lutonix and In.PACT. The yearly KM freedom from mortality for the Lutonix only cohort were 92.7, 89.1, 85.5, 83.6, and 81.8% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively. Freedom from TLR and mortality at 5 years appears to be favorable with the use of DCB, predominantly Lutonix balloon in this cohort. This data needs to be supported prospectively by a larger number of patients.
Enhancing Mentorship Networks through the Experiences of Women Professors of Ophthalmology
Authors: Hoyer Amanda , Randolph Amber , Syed Misha F. , Afkhamnejad Elahhe , Mirza Rukhsana G.
Published: January 2023

Purpose The aim of this study is to identify and characterize women professors in ophthalmology to enhance professional development and equity of women in academic ophthalmology.

Design Cross-sectional descriptive survey study.

Participants Participants in the survey were women in ophthalmology departments who have obtained full professor rank at their respective institutions.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from an electronic survey of women ophthalmologists and researchers who had obtained full professorship rank in ophthalmology. The survey included questions about degree obtained, training path, fellowship, length and trajectory of academic career, family or medical leave participation, previous positions, and mentorship involvement. Statistical comparisons were made based on response.

Main Outcome Measures Survey responses to questions pertaining to three domains: education and training, academic career, and mentorship.

Results Women that obtained the professor title within ophthalmology largely held Doctor of Medicine/Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degrees, were more likely to have completed fellowship training, and on average took 11 to 15 years to obtain the full professor title. The participants held a variety of other positions and titles throughout their academic careers. The vast majority of women reported having between 1 and 3 mentors during their careers with the majority also noting they currently participate in mentoring programs. Surveys were completed by 62 (30% response rate) women full professors of ophthalmology.

Conclusion The experiences women have along the academic path to professorship are described in this survey and can help to inform junior faculty. Literature review highlights the importance of mentorship for work productivity, retention, and promotion within academic medicine which is an element seen in the vast majority of our participants' career paths. Guided by the identification of women professors within departments of ophthalmology and characterization of their experiences, a new initiative called Women Professors of Ophthalmology was formed under the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology's organizational structure in 2021. This group that is tailored for women professors of ophthalmology to foster peer mentorship and guidance is poised to increase the retention and promotion of women in academic ophthalmology.
Comparison of MRI Findings among Osteofibrous Dysplasia, Fibrous Dysplasia, and NonOssifying Fibroma of the Long Bone
Authors: Kato Hiroki , Kawaguchi Masaya , Miyase Rena , Iwashima Ken , Nagano Akihito , Matsuo Masayuki
Published: January 2023

Background The characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings among osteofibrous dysplasia (OFD), fibrous dysplasia (FD), and nonossifying fibroma (NOF) have yet to be determined.

Aims This study determines the differences of MRI features among OFD, FD, and NOF of the long bone.

Patients and Methods This study included 39 patients including 10 OFD, 13 with FD, and 16 with NOF of the long bone. All patients underwent preoperative MRI and histological examination. We retrospectively reviewed the MRIs and compared the imaging findings among the three pathologies.

Results The maximum diameter was significantly different among OFD (47.0 ± 18.6 mm), FD (59.0 ± 35.0 mm), and NOF (33.3 ± 15.0 mm) (p < 0.05). Multiplicity (60%, p < 0.01), eccentric distribution (100%, p < 0.05), septation (70%, p < 0.01), homogeneous intensity on T2-weighted images (70%, p < 0.01), homogeneous contrast enhancement (63%, p < 0.05), and intense contrast enhancement (88%, p < 0.01) were significantly more frequent in OFD. Centric distribution (69%, p < 0.01), cyst formation (54%, p < 0.01), and fluid-fluid level formation (31%, p < 0.01) were significantly more frequent in FD. Eccentric distribution (100%, p < 0.01), heterogeneous on T2-weighted images (100%, p < 0.01), predominant hypointensity on T2-weighted images (44%, p < 0.01), and the presence of intralesional hypointensity on T2-weighted images (88%, p < 0.01) were significantly more frequent in NOF.

Conclusion MRI features could differentiate OFD, FD, and NOF of the long bone.
Mitigation and Outcomes of Difficult Bag-Mask Ventilation in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Daigle C. Hunter , Laverriere Elizabeth K. , Bruins Benjamin B. , Lockman Justin L. , Fiadjoe John E. , McGowan Nancy , Napolitano Natalie , Shults Justine , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Nishisaki Akira ,   for the National Emergency Airway Registry for Children: NEAR4KIDS Investigators Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Sepsis Investigators (PALISI)
Published: January 2023

Difficult bag-mask ventilation (BMV) occurs in 10% of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) tracheal intubations (TI). The reasons clinicians identify difficult BMV in the PICU and the interventions used to mitigate that difficulty have not been well-studied. This is a prospective, observational, single-center study. A patient-specific data form was sent to PICU physicians supervising TIs from November 2019 through December 2020 to identify the presence of difficult BMV, attempted interventions used, and perceptions about intervention success. The dataset was linked and merged with the local TI quality database to assess safety outcomes. Among 305 TIs with response (87% response rate), 267 (88%) clinicians performed BMV during TI. Difficult BMV was reported in 28 of 267 patients (10%). Commonly reported reasons for difficult BMV included: facial structure (50%), high inspiratory pressure (36%), and improper mask fit (21%). Common interventions were jaw thrust (96%) and an airway adjunct (oral airway 50%, nasal airway 7%, and supraglottic airway 11%), with ventilation improvement in 44% and 73%, respectively. Most difficult BMV was identified before neuromuscular blockade (NMB) administration (96%) and 67% (18/27) resolved after NMB administration. The overall success in improving ventilation was 27/28 (96%). TI adverse outcomes (hemodynamic events, emesis, and/or hypoxemia <80%) are associated with the presence of difficult BMV (10/28, 36%) versus non-difficult BMV (20/239, 8%, p< 0.001). Difficult BMV is common in critically ill children and is associated with increased TI adverse outcomes. Airway adjunct placement and NMB use are often effective in improving ventilation.
Tunable biaxial strain device for low-dimensional materials
Authors: Pasquier Vincent , Scarfato Alessandro , Martinez-Castro Jose , Guipet Antoine , Renner Christoph
Published: January 2023

Strain is attracting much interest as a mean to tune the properties of thin exfoliated two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures. Numerous devices to apply tunable uniaxial strain are proposed in the literature, but only few for biaxial strain, often with a trade-off between maximum strain and uniformity, reversibility, and device size. We present a compact device that allows for the controlled application of uniform in-plane biaxial strain, with maximum deformation and uniformity comparable to those found in much larger devices. Its performance and strain uniformity over the sample area are modeled using finite element analysis and demonstrated by measuring the response of exfoliated 2H–MoS2 to strain by Raman spectroscopy.
Recent advances in microfluidic-based cancer immunotherapy-on-a-chip strategies
Authors: Ngan Ngo Thi Kim , Kuo Cheng-Hsiang , Tu Ting-Yuan
Published: January 2023

Despite several extraordinary improvements in cancer immunotherapy, its therapeutic effectiveness against many distinct cancer types remains mostly limited and requires further study. Different microfluidic-based cancer immunotherapy-on-a-chip (ITOC) systems have been developed to help researchers replicate the tumor microenvironment and immune system. Numerous microfluidic platforms can potentially be used to perform various on-chip activities related to early clinical cancer immunotherapy processes, such as improving immune checkpoint blockade therapy, studying immune cell dynamics, evaluating cytotoxicity, and creating vaccines or organoid models from patient samples. In this review, we summarize the most recent advancements in the development of various microfluidic-based ITOC devices for cancer treatment niches and present future perspectives on microfluidic devices for immunotherapy research.
Spatiotemporal Goos–Hänchen effect at a laser pulse reflection from boundary of supercritical plasma
Authors: Frolov A. A.
Published: January 2023

The spatiotemporal Goos–Hänchen effect is considered when s- and p-polarized laser pulses are incident from a vacuum onto the boundary of the supercritical plasma. It is shown that, in addition to the lateral shift, the reflection of a laser pulse from the plasma boundary is also accompanied by its time delay, which can significantly exceed the period of laser oscillations. The dependence of the time delay of the reflected signal on the angle of incidence and polarization of the incident pulse as well as on the density of plasma electrons is studied.