bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation and performance analysis of QPSK system using pocket double gate asymmetric JLTFET for satellite communications
Authors: Boggarapu Lokesh , B Lakshmi
Published: February 2023

This work is intended to design a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) system starting from the device design, characterization and optimization which is then followed by the circuit level implementation and finally the system level configuration. Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (TFET) technology came into existence because of the inability of CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) to produce reduced leakage current (Ioff) in the subthreshold regime. With the effects of scaling and requirement of high doping concentrations, TFET is not capable to produce stable reduction in Ioff due to the variation in ON and OFF current. To improve the switching ratio of the current and to obtain good subthreshold swing (SS) by overcoming the limitations of junction TFET, a new device design is proposed for the first time in this work. A pocket double gate asymmetric Junction less TFET (poc-DG-AJLTFET) structure has been proposed in which uniform doping is used to eliminate the junctions and a pocket of length 2 nm made of Silicon–Germanium (SiGe) material has been introduced to improve the designed structure performance in the weak inversion region and increase the drive current (ION). The work function has been tuned to produce the best results for poc-DG-AJLTFET and with our proposed poc-DG-AJLTFET, effects of interface traps are eliminated as against conventional JLTFET structures. The notion that low-threshold voltage device yields high IOFF has been proved wrong with our poc-DG-AJLTFET design, as it produced low threshold voltage with lower IOFF which reduced the power dissipation. Numerical results show that drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) of 2.75 mV/V is achieved which could be less than 35 times required for short channel effects to be minimum. In terms of gate to drain capacitance (Cgd), it is found that ~ 103 reduction which greatly improves device inertia to internal electrical interference. Also, improvement in transconductance is achieved by 104 times, 103 times improvement in ION/IOFF ratio, and 400 times higher unity gain cutoff-frequency (ft) which would be required by all communication systems. The Verilog models of the designed device are used to construct the leaf cells of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) system and the implemented QPSK system is taken as a key evaluator in the performance evaluation in terms of propagation delay and power consumption of poc-DG-AJLTFET in modern satellite communication systems.
Two-year outcomes of treat-and-extend regimen with intravitreal brolucizumab for treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration with type 1 macular neovascularization
Authors: Matsumoto Hidetaka , Hoshino Junki , Nakamura Kosuke , Akiyama Hideo
Published: February 2023

We previously reported one-year results of a treat-and-extend (TAE) regimen with intravitreal brolucizumab for 68 eyes with treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) associated with type 1 macular neovascularization (MNV). In the current study, we evaluated second-year results of the brolucizumab TAE therapy in 45 eyes with type 1 MNV that had completed the first-year treatment. Forty-three eyes (95.6%) received brolucizumab TAE treatment during a period of 96 weeks. The significant improvement of best-corrected visual acuity in the first year was maintained in the second year. Moreover, the significant foveal thickness and central choroidal thickness reductions in the first year were maintained in the second year. The total number of injections over the 96-week study period was 10.0 ± 1.4, with 6.4 ± 0.6 in the first year and 3.6 ± 1.0 in the second year. The intended injection interval at week 96 was 8 weeks in 9 eyes (20.9%), 12 weeks in 3 eyes (7.0%), and 16 weeks in 31 eyes (72.1%), with an average injection interval of 14.0 ± 3.3 weeks. No eyes developed brolucizumab-related intraocular inflammation (IOI) during the second-year treatment. These results indicate that the TAE regimen with intravitreal brolucizumab for treatment-naïve nAMD associated with type 1 MNV effectively maintained the improved visual acuity and the diminished exudative changes in the second year. Moreover, intravitreal brolucizumab has the potential to reduce the treatment burden of nAMD. The risk of developing brolucizumab-related IOI appeared to be very low during the second year of this TAE regimen.
Formulas calculating the reactance of tubular busbars and their derivation in primary electrical connection schemes
Authors: Ge Qun , Li Zaiqiang , Liu Siyuan , Xing Jiaqi
Published: February 2023

Electrical switching operation in a substation which locates in a high-voltage transmission system alters operating modes of main wiring in either the substation or the system. Major alterations may have negative influences on the switchgear of main wiring in a short time. The quantitative study of this problem has to be based on establishing equivalent circuits of main wiring, when there rarely are formulas to calculate the reactance of tubular busbars. In this paper on the basis of the electromagnetic field theory, the magnetic induction and flux linkages outside and inside tubular conductors are obtained from the Ampere Loop Theorem, and then the formulas to calculate approximately the reactance of tubular busbars with a three-phase parallel arrangement are derived. From the process and results of the calculation in an example it may be seen that the formulas are applied simply, conveniently and rapidly, and may be valuably spread in practical electrical engineering.
Selective photodynamic eradication of senescent cells with a β-galactosidase-activated photosensitiser
Authors: Xiong Junlong , Cheung Ying-Kit , Fong Wing-Ping , Wong Clarence T. T. , Ng Dennis K. P.
Published: February 2023

A smart photosensitiser has been designed and synthesised that can be selectively activated by the senescence-associated β-galactosidase in senescent cells, leading to effective killing of the cellsviaphotodynamic action.
Chemometers: an integrative tool for chemical assessment in multimedia environments
Authors: Rojo-Nieto Elisa , Jahnke Annika
Published: February 2023

Chemometers, polymeric passive equilibrium samplers, are promising tools for environmental and human health assessment of a broad range of hydrophobic organic compounds and allow for direct comparison of chemical profiles and levels across media.
Photoexcited cobalt catalysedendo-selective alkyl Heck reaction
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Azofra Luis Miguel , Dam Phong , Espinoza-Suarez Edelman J. , Do Hieu Trung , Rabeah Jabor , Brückner Angelika , El-Sepelgy Osama
Published: February 2023

Herein, we report an intramolecularendo-selective Heck reaction of iodomethylsilyl ethers of phenols and alkenols.
Mechanistic study of the formation of arbutin polymorphs and solvates
Authors: Taiwaikuli Mukaidaisi , Wang Ting , Chen Kui , Feng Yaoguang , Xing Jiangna , Huang Xin , Wang Na , Zhou Lina , Hao Hongxun
Published: February 2023

Six solid forms of arbutin are successfully obtained and four single crystal structures are reported for the first time. Further, the formation mechanism of arbutin solvates is proposed and rationalized.
Thermodynamic stability of Li–B–C compounds from first principles
Authors: Kharabadze Saba , Meyers Maxwell , Tomassetti Charlsey R. , Margine Elena R. , Mazin Igor I. , Kolmogorov Aleksey N.
Published: February 2023

Reported Li–B–C compounds and calculated phase diagram establishing conditions required for LiBC delithiation.
Temperature dependence of magnetic moment of rare earth ions in ErFeO3 and NdFeO3 single crystals
Authors: Mohammed Mohanad H. , Cheng Zhenxiang , Cao Shixun , Horvat Joseph
Published: February 2023

The effect of temperature change on the magnetic moment for rare earth ions in RFeO3.
Solvation structure and dynamics of coumarin 153 in an imidazolium-based ionic liquid with chloroform, benzene, and propylene carbonate
Authors: Takamuku Toshiyuki , Nishiyama Daiki , Kawano Masahiro , Miannay François-Alexandre , Idrissi Abdenacer
Published: February 2023

Self-diffusion coefficients of C153 in binary mixed solvents of imidazolium-based ionic liquid C12mimTFSA with chloroform, benzene, and propylene carbonate.
A well-fabricated Ru@C material derived from Ru/Zn-MOF with high activity and stability in the hydrogenation of 4-chloronitrobenzene
Authors: Wang Zijian , Zhang Jiaxin , Yan Lele , Zhao Bo , Zheng Lin , Guo Haoran , Yue Yuxue , Han Deman , Chen Xianlang , Li Rongrong
Published: February 2023

Selective hydrogenation of 4-chloronitrobenzene (4-CNB) over catalysts having suitable Ru vacancies with excellent conversion, selectivity and stability is presented.
Membrane-disruptive homo-polymethacrylate with both hydrophobicity and pH-sensitive protonation for selective cancer therapy
Authors: Yu Rongrong , Geng Tingting , Wei Taotian , Wang Meng , Cao Yin , Du Mengting , He Weidong , Haleem Abdul , Hu Rongfeng , Cao Yu , Chen Shengqi
Published: February 2023

The membrane-disruptive activity of PEG-PAEMA nanoparticles are silenced at physiological pH, while activated by characteristic tumor acidity via protonation of the PAEMA block, resulting in high selectivity towards tumors.
Transition metal complex-incorporated polyaniline as a platform for an enzymatic uric acid electrochemical sensor
Authors: Stephanie Ruth , Lee Dae Yeon , Park Chan Yeong , Park Tae Jung
Published: February 2023

An enzymatic uric acid electrochemical sensor using transition metal complex-incorporated polyaniline showing a low limit of detection and excellent selectivity towards uric acid was fabricated.
Correction: Magnetotransport and magnetic properties of Cr-modified Mn2Sb epitaxial thin films
Authors: Chen Ting-Wei , Li Shuang-Shuang , Tang Fang , Ying Jing-Shi , Zhang Ying , Wang Zhao-Cai , Zhang Shu-Juan , Luo Fu-Sheng , Chen Lei , Fang Yong , Zheng Ren-Kui
Published: February 2023

Correction for ‘Magnetotransport and magnetic properties of Cr-modified Mn2Sb epitaxial thin films’ by Ting-Wei Chen et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, 5785–5794, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP05442F.
Synthesis of mono-, di- and tripalladated 1,3,5-benzenetristyryl complexes. CO insertion to give a dipalladated indenone
Authors: Shenoy Rashmi V. , Jones Peter G. , Vicente José , Martínez-Viviente Eloísa
Published: February 2023

Synthesis of tripalladated tri-ortho-substituted 1,3,5-benzenetristyryl Pd(ii) complexes, and a derived dipalladated indenone.
Cobalt catalysts (Co–N–C) for C–O bond cleavage in lignin-derived aryl ethers and lignin
Authors: Bautista-García Daniel , Macias-José David , Aguillón-Rodríguez Paola , Pérez-Reyes Obed , Ortiz-Cervantes Carmen
Published: February 2023

The transformation of lignin into value-added chemicals represents one of the relevant approaches for sustainable development.
Screening of electrode materials for ammonium ion batteries by high throughput calculation
Authors: Han Sheqiang , Zhang Xiaodong , Song Qi , Zhou Bo , Fan Shangwu
Published: February 2023

Twenty-seven candidate materials which are suitable for ammonium ion battery electrodes, are identified by the bond-valence sum method and density functional theory from the ICSD database.
A facile access to 1-substituted and unsubstituted 3-isoquinolinones via Mannich or Sn2 initiated cascade reactions under catalyst-free conditions
Authors: Serusi Lorenzo , Di Mola Antonia , Massa Antonio
Published: February 2023

The optimization of the synthesis of the starting materials in an environmentally benign manner, allowed the identification of a common intermediate useful for the synthesis of 1-substituted and C-unsubstituted 3-isoquinolinones in cascade reactions.
Micro- and nano-structural design strategies towards polycrystalline nickel-rich layered cathode materials
Authors: Lin Lili , Zhang Lihan , Wang Shuwei , Kang Feiyu , Li Baohua
Published: February 2023

The development of micro- & nano-structure engineering in recent years is reviewed. The synthesis methods and mechanisms of different microstructures are summarized, and the future development direction of microstructure modification is proposed.
In situ generation of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) for enhanced antibacterial photodynamic therapy
Authors: Yue Tao , Huang Baoxuan , Xia Lei , Tian Jia , Liu Qu , Zhang Weian
Published: February 2023

PDP@NORM nanoparticles constructed through the co-assembly of tetraphenylporphyrin polymer and NO donor (NORM) could generate NO and in situ for the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) to enhance photodynamic antibacterial efficiency.
Lumbaler Wirbelkörperersatz
Authors: Weißbrodt Lisa , Lütke Martin , Küchler Jan
Published: February 2023

Mit der Technik des lumbalen Wirbelkörperersatzes über einen retroperitonealen Zugang können frakturierte, entzündlich oder auch tumorös veränderte Wirbelkörper entfernt und durch künstliche ersetzt werden. Wie der Eingriff abläuft, schildert ein OP-Team des Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck.
„Ist es ein Junge oder ein Mädchen?“ – und was diese Frage für Betroffene bedeutet
Authors: Stoltze Anette , Gesing Julia , Stein Robert , Sergeyev Elena , Göpel Eric , Pfäffle Roland , Kiess Wieland
Published: February 2023

Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung erfahren in der aktuellen Zeit einen immer größeren Interessenszuwachs, nicht zuletzt auch durch das große mediale Interesse der „LGBTQIA-Bewegung“ und dem daraus resultierenden offeneren Umgang mit Personen, die nicht in das klassische Bild einer Frau oder eines Mannes passen. Dies zeigt sich insbesondere durch den Wandel der Begrifflichkeiten von „intersexuell“ über „Störungen“ hin zu „Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung“ sowie auch durch die Einführung des 3. Geschlechts „divers“ im Jahr 2018. Die Tatsache, dass im Jahr 2021 weltweit jedoch lediglich 96 Personen als „divers“ registriert waren, macht die Diskrepanz zwischen großem Interesse auf der einen und Stigmatisierungsangst auf der anderen Seite deutlich. Eine ähnliche Berührungsangst erleben wir auch im klinischen Alltag. Ursächlich für diese Berührungsangst sind häufig eine ungenaue Vorstellung des Krankheitsbildes sowie die Sorge in der Diagnostik und Betreuung der Betroffenen und deren Familien, Fehler zu begehen. Diese Übersicht soll helfen, das Thema „Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung“ besser zu verstehen, die Unterschiede der einzelnen Formen aufzuzeigen, eine Orientierung in der Diagnostik zu bieten, sowie insbesondere die Besonderheiten in der Begleitung und einer potenziellen Therapie aufzuzeigen.
Vegetarisch, vegan oder adipös?
Authors: Kapellen Sibylle , Thiele Alena
Published: February 2023

Eine vegetarische oder vegane Ernährung ist weniger klimaschädlich und verbraucht weniger Ressourcen als eine Ernährung mit viel Fleisch. Diese Tatsache ist mittlerweile allgemein anerkannt. Aber können diese Kostformen auch ein Mittel im Kampf gegen Adipositas sein? Wie sicher sind sie für Kinder und Jugendliche mit ihrem hohen Nährstoff- und Energiebedarf? Auf diese Frage gibt es nach aktueller Studienlage keine klaren Antworten. VeganerInnen und VegetarierInnen sind tendenziell leichter als Mischköstler, haben aber ein höheres Risiko einer Mangelernährung. Welchen Beitrag die neuen Fleisch- und Milchersatzprodukte zur Energie- und Nährstoffzufuhr leisten, wurde noch nicht hinreichend untersucht.

Grundsätzlich ist ein umfängliches Ernährungswissen Voraussetzung, um eine vegetarische oder vegane Ernährung bedarfsdeckend und gesundheitsfördernd zu gestalten.
Strukturiertes Onboarding-Konzept
Authors: Ackermann Martin
Published: February 2023

Onboarding wird in den meisten Krankenhäusern vernachlässigt. Oft fehlt die Zeit, neue Mitarbeiter gut und umfassend einzuarbeiten und zu integrieren. Das rächt sich unter anderem, indem Mitarbeiter schnell wieder kündigen. Viele Führungskräfte sehen die negativen Auswirkungen, doch nur wenige sind bisher zum Handeln bereit. Denn die Zeit für Onboarding muss man sich nehmen, obwohl oder gerade weil Personalressourcen knapp sind. Ein strukturiertes Onboarding-Konzept kann Abhilfe schaffen.
Präoperative Pflegevisite
Authors: Kleineberg Lucca Antonia
Published: February 2023

Durch eine präoperative Pflegevisite lassen sich Ängste bei Patienten reduzieren – das kann sich positiv auf den Heilungsprozess auswirken und somit Kosten sparen. Doch wie lässt sich eine präoperative Pflegevisite gestalten, welche Vor- und Nachteile hat sie und wie kann sie dauerhaft im OP etabliert werden? Ein Experiment liefert erste Antworten.
Die klimafreundliche NarCO2se
Authors: Bertsch Sarah
Published: February 2023

Die globale Klimakrise stellt unsere Gesellschaft vor große Herausforderungen. Das Gesundheitswesen hat mit fünf bis zehn Prozent aller Treibhausgasemissionen einen starken Einfluss auf das Klima. Anästhesie und Intensivstation können als sehr ressourcenintensive Bereiche einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur CO2-Einsparung leisten – wie der folgende Beitrag zeigt. Autorin Sarah Bertsch hat mit der zugrunde liegenden Facharbeit beim 25. Thieme intensiv-Pflegepreis 2021 den 2. Platz belegt.
Watching bubbles jump on the International Space Station
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: February 2023

Coalescence-induced jumping is easiest to study in microgravity and has applications in orbit and on the ground.
Large-eddy simulation of a hypersonic turbulent boundary layer over a compression corner
Authors: Qi Han , Li Xinliang , Ji Xiangxin , Tong Fulin , Yu Changping
Published: February 2023

In this paper, large-eddy simulation of the interaction between a shock wave and the hypersonic turbulent boundary layer in a compression corner with a fixed 34° deflection angle at Ma = 6 for different Reynolds number cases is conducted. For investigating the effects of the Reynolds number for hypersonic cases, three cases where the free-stream Reynolds numbers are 14000, 20000, and 30000/mm are selected. The averaged statistics, such as the mean velocity, the skin friction, the heat flux, and the wall pressure, are used in this paper. The flow structures in the compression ramp including the shock wave and interaction region are discussed. The decomposition of the mean skin-friction drag for the flat flow is extended to be used in the compression corner. In addition, the turbulent kinetic energy is studied through the decomposition of the mean skin-friction drag for the flat-plate region and the corner region. It is found that higher Reynolds numbers would increase the turbulent kinetic energy by turbulent dissipation at the interaction region, while higher Reynolds numbers would decrease the turbulent kinetic energy by turbulent dissipation after reattachment. In addition, it is also found that the turbulent kinetic energy is larger with a higher Reynolds number and higher turbulent kinetic energy inhibits the movement from the separation point to the inflection point (x = 0 mm), which deduces larger separation bubbles.
Magnetic properties deterioration of non-oriented steel due to laser cutting
Authors: Zhang Changgeng , Zhang Yan , Li Yongjian , Yang Qingxin
Published: February 2023

In the manufacturing process of electrical machines, laser cutting is widely used to produce the laminations of cores. The internal stresses introduced by the high-energy laser beam will lead to deterioration in the magnetic properties of the non-oriented silicon steels. To accurately predict the core losses of the electrical machines, it is important to analyze the deterioration degree and the deterioration mechanism of the non-oriented steel sheets caused by laser cutting. In this paper, first, the local magnetic properties of the non-oriented steel 35WW250 at different positions are measured under the alternating sinusoidal excitation, in which the degradation degree is evaluated based on the core loss from the macroscopic perspective. Second, from the microscopic perspective, the observed magnetic domain patterns at the edge and those evolutions under the excitation of the magnetic field are investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that laser cutting can lead to the magnetic degradation of the non-oriented steels with a transverse depth of 18 mm from the edge. Moreover, the laser cutting process leads to significant variations in the patterns of the magnetic domains at different positions. The magneto-optical observation and local magnetic measurement verified the effectiveness of the analytical method, which is of great significance for the evaluation and improvement of the processing technique of the silicon steels.
Long-term stability in the circumpolar foraging range of a Southern Ocean predator between the eras of whaling and rapid climate change
Authors: Derville Solène , Torres Leigh G. , Newsome Seth D. , Somes Christopher J. , Valenzuela Luciano O. , Vander Zanden Hannah B. , Baker C. Scott , Bérubé Martine , Busquets-Vass Geraldine , Carlyon Kris , Childerhouse Simon J. , Constantine Rochelle , Dunshea Glenn , Flores Paulo A. C. , Goldsworthy Simon D. , Graham Brittany , Groch Karina , Gröcke Darren R. , Harcourt Robert , Hindell Mark A. , Hulva Pavel , Jackson Jennifer A. , Kennedy Amy S. , Lundquist David , Mackay Alice I. , Neveceralova Petra , Oliveira Larissa , Ott Paulo H. , Palsbøll Per J. , Patenaude Nathalie J. , Rowntree Victoria , Sironi Mariano , Vermeuelen Els , Watson Mandy , Zerbini Alexandre N. , Carroll Emma L.
Published: February 2023

Assessing environmental changes in Southern Ocean ecosystems is difficult due to its remoteness and data sparsity. Monitoring marine predators that respond rapidly to environmental variation may enable us to track anthropogenic effects on ecosystems. Yet, many long-term datasets of marine predators are incomplete because they are spatially constrained and/or track ecosystems already modified by industrial fishing and whaling in the latter half of the 20th century. Here, we assess the contemporary offshore distribution of a wide-ranging marine predator, the southern right whale (SRW,
Eubalaena australis
), that forages on copepods and krill from ~30°S to the Antarctic ice edge (>60°S). We analyzed carbon and nitrogen isotope values of 1,002 skin samples from six genetically distinct SRW populations using a customized assignment approach that accounts for temporal and spatial variation in the Southern Ocean phytoplankton isoscape. Over the past three decades, SRWs increased their use of mid-latitude foraging grounds in the south Atlantic and southwest (SW) Indian oceans in the late austral summer and autumn and slightly increased their use of high-latitude (>60°S) foraging grounds in the SW Pacific, coincident with observed changes in prey distribution and abundance on a circumpolar scale. Comparing foraging assignments with whaling records since the 18th century showed remarkable stability in use of mid-latitude foraging areas. We attribute this consistency across four centuries to the physical stability of ocean fronts and resulting productivity in mid-latitude ecosystems of the Southern Ocean compared with polar regions that may be more influenced by recent climate change.
economy is human
Authors: Xu Yuting , Royce Terry , Hu Chunyu
Published: February 2023

Utilizing the framework of Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory (ECMT), this paper presents a corpus-based multi-level comparative study of the economy is human metaphor in English and Chinese economic media discourse. While the results indicate a considerable sharing of their respective conceptual structures of “human body”, “human condition” and “human relationship”, they do reveal some differences in terms of their preference and the associated metaphorical expressions. The similarities detected can possibly be attributed to the similar body, physiological function and social attributes all human beings share, which then work as the source for drawing inferences about the economy. The differences however are also likely to be derived from the different saliences of human experience which characterize the English and Chinese social-cultural contexts. Another possible explanation for these differing culturally-sourced linguistic metaphors may well be media language and its idiosyncratic stylistic features.
Effects of far‐infrared radiation lamp therapy on recovery from muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise
Authors: Chen Trevor C. , Huang Yuh‐Chuan , Chou Tai‐Ying , Hsu Sheng‐Tsung , Chen Mei‐Yen , Nosaka Kazunori
Published: February 2023

The present study investigated the effects of a far‐infrared radiation (FIR) lamp therapy on changes in muscle damage and proprioception markers after maximal eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors (EF: Study 1) and the knee flexors (KF: Study 2) in comparison to a sham treatment condition. In each study, 24 healthy sedentary women were assigned to a FIR or a sham treatment group (n = 12/group). They performed 72 maximal EF eccentric contractions (Study 1) or 100 maximal KF eccentric contractions (Study 2) with their non‐dominant limbs. They received a 30‐min FIR (wavelength: 8–14 µm) or sham treatment at 1, 25, 49, 73 and 97 h post‐exercise to the exercised muscles. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque, muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase activity, and proprioception assessed by position sense, joint reaction angle, and force match were measured before, and 0.5, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h post‐exercise. The outcome measures showed significant changes (P < 0.05) at 0.5‐hour post‐exercise (before treatment) similarly (P > 0.05) between the conditions in both studies. However, changes in all measures at 24–120 h post‐exercise were smaller (P < 0.05) for the FIR than sham condition in both studies. For example, MVC torque returned to the baseline by 72 h post‐exercise for the FIR condition in both studies, but was still 19 ± 6% (Study 1) or 17 ± 12% (Study 2) lower than the baseline at 120 h post‐exercise for the sham condition. These results suggested that the FIR lamp therapy was effective for accelerating recovery from muscle damage.
A brief review of novel nucleic acid test biosensors and their application prospects for salmonids viral diseases detection
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Qiu Songyin , Fang Haiping , Mei Lin , Jing Hongli , Feng Chunyan , Wu Shaoqiang , Lin Xiangmei
Published: February 2023

Viral diseases represent one of the major threats for salmonids aquaculture. Early detection and identification of viral pathogens is the main prerequisite prior to undertaking effective prevention and control measures. Rapid, sensitive, efficient and portable detection method is highly essential for fish viral diseases detection. Biosensor strategies are highly prevalent and fulfill the expanding demands of on-site detection with fast response, cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity, and selectivity. With the development of material science, the nucleic acid biosensors fabricated by semiconductor have shown great potential in rapid and early detection or screening for diseases at salmonids fisheries. This paper reviews the current detection development of salmonids viral diseases. The present limitations and challenges of salmonids virus diseases surveillance and early detection are presented. Novel nucleic acid semiconductor biosensors are briefly reviewed. The perspective and potential application of biosensors in the on-site detection of salmonids diseases are discussed.
Energy Power Series Analysis of the Bound States of the One-dimensional Dirac Equation
Authors: Barrera-Figueroa V
Published: February 2023

In this work we consider the one-dimensional Dirac equation including an electrostatic potential with compact support, and focus on the regime of bound states. We obtain exact expressions for both the characteristic function and the eigenfunctions in L
2 (ℝ, ℂ2), given in the form of power series of the energy parameter. This approach is meant for arbitrary bounded potentials, so that a square potential is a special case of the theory here presented. We derive an efficient numerical method for the calculation of approximate eigen-energies of the bound states. Finally, we investigate the physical sense of the eigen-energies that are forbidden in the non-relativistic regime in terms of the Klein tunneling.
Global and Bipartite Entanglement for Three-Qubit System Local Unitary Classes
Authors: Luna-Hernández S
Published: February 2023

Entanglement of multipartite quantum systems is an important resource in the field of quantum information processing. Using a measure of global entanglement and the notion of concurrence, the properties of entanglement for a three-qubit system are studied and classified in terms of local unitary classes. The connection of such classification with the three-qubit entanglement polytope is also discussed.
Study of the Lennard-Jones and H2 potentials in the framework of the Morse based algebraic DVR approach
Authors: Rodríguez-Arcos M , Bermúdez-Montaña M , Lemus R
Published: February 2023

We propose a method based on an algebraic discrete variable representation (DVR) of the coordinate and momentum in the scheme of complete basis related to the 1D Morse potential, with this approach, a Hamiltonian associated to a 1D system can be expressed in terms of diagonal matrices using the transformation coefficients and the diagonalization of the matrix representation of the coordinate and momentum. We probe the scope of our method obtaining the solutions associated of the Lennard-Jones potential, also we apply the method to a practical example considering the ab initio potential of the H2 molecule. For both cases, the vibrational energies and the wave functions were obtained with good accuracy and low computational cost.
Personal income distribution and the endogeneity of the demand regime
Authors: Tonni Lorenzo
Published: February 2023

This paper deals with two intrinsically linked issues: the endogeneity of the demand regime and the personal distribution impact on aggregate demand. By assuming that saving is a function of personal rather than functional income distribution, an increase of the labour share is effective in boosting consumption and aggregate demand, not per se, but only as long as it reduces personal inequality. As the labour share increases, both the demand regime type—the sign of the slope of the demand schedule—and its strength—the size of the slope of the demand schedule - can endogenously change. Concerning the former, there can be a threshold value for the wage share beyond which there is a shift from wage-led to profit-led demand. The analysis shows that, unlike most Kaleckian models, profit inequality is just as important as wage inequality in determining the demand regime type and its strength.
Why Rural-to-Urban Migrant Workers in China Continue Working After Age 60: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Zhang Quan , Wu Yijin
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives

This study aims to examine why rural-to-urban migrant workers in China remain in the workforce after age 60.

Research Design and Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted and transcribed. Interview transcriptions were coded and analyzed by inductive content analysis.

Results

Rural-to-urban migrant workers in China continue to work even after they reach age 60 for reasons related to personal and family finances, as well as cognitive motivational, sociocultural, and working condition factors.

Discussion and Implications

Findings from this study deepen our understanding of the specific reasons why older rural-to-urban migrant workers in China continue working after age 60. While these findings emphasize the need for improved welfare programs and enhanced health care for older migrant workers, they also underscore the importance of providing a healthy and safe work environment for older workers.
Health-Related Quality of Life among American Indian and Alaska Native People: Exploring Associations with Adversities and Psychosocial Strengths
Authors: Hamby Sherry , Schultz Katie , Taylor Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

Identifying psychosocial strengths that support physical health can lead to better pathways to prevention and intervention. Relying on the resilience portfolio model as a conceptual framework, this study explores strengths in three domains (regulation, meaning making, and interpersonal) to identify promising protective factors to support physical health-related quality of life (P-HRQOL), controlling for prior exposure to adversity, age, and gender. This study uses data from four resilience portfolio model studies collected in the southern United States, combined to increase the number of people who identified as American Indian/Alaska Native. The sample included 147 people (M age = 28.5 years; SD = 16.26), of which 57 percent are female. The surveys collected data on adversities (polyvictimization, other adversities, county poverty), psychosocial strengths (psychological endurance, sense of purpose, religious meaning making, compassion, and community support), and P-HRQOL. The full model accounted for 24 percent of the variance in P-HRQOL, with strengths explaining more than twice as much variance as adversities (13 percent versus 6 percent). A sense of purpose showed the most promise for supporting P-HRQOL. Regarding implications, authors recommend exploring a wider range of protective factors that might improve resilience in Native communities. Several evidence-based pathways to meaning making, such as narrative and mindfulness, may improve health outcomes for Native people.
A case of acute pancreatitis and enterocutaneous fistula formation following extended right hemicolectomy
Authors: Kay Tegan J , Gallagher Peter J
Published: February 2023

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a rare complication in the post-operative period and the incidence following colorectal surgery is unknown. Although benign hyperamylasaemia following colonic resection is a documented phenomenon, clinically significant AP in the post-operative setting is poorly described in the literature and little is understood about the underlying pathophysiology. Additionally, while gastrointestinal fistulae are a well-recognized complication of bowel surgery, nil previous reports discuss the possible contribution of post-operative AP to their development. We present a case of AP complicated by enterocutaneous fistula following extended right hemicolectomy and describe the possible mechanisms leading to these conditions.
Early evolution and three-dimensional structure of embedded star clusters
Authors: Cournoyer-Cloutier Claude , Sills Alison , Harris William E , Appel Sabrina M , Lewis Sean C , Polak Brooke , Tran Aaron , Wilhelm Martijn J C , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , McMillan Stephen L W , Portegies Zwart Simon
Published: February 2023

We perform simulations of star cluster formation to investigate the morphological evolution of embedded star clusters in the earliest stages of their evolution. We conduct our simulations with Torch, which uses the Amuse framework to couple state-of-the-art stellar dynamics to star formation, radiation, stellar winds, and hydrodynamics in Flash. We simulate a suite of 104 M⊙ clouds at 0.0683 pc resolution for ∼2 Myr after the onset of star formation, with virial parameters α = 0.8, 2.0, 4.0 and different random samplings of the stellar initial mass function and prescriptions for primordial binaries. Our simulations result in a population of embedded clusters with realistic morphologies (sizes, densities, and ellipticities) that reproduce the known trend of clouds with higher initial α having lower star formation efficiencies. Our key results are as follows: (1) Cluster mass growth is not monotonic, and clusters can lose up to half of their mass while they are embedded. (2) Cluster morphology is not correlated with cluster mass and changes over ∼0.01 Myr time-scales. (3) The morphology of an embedded cluster is not indicative of its long-term evolution but only of its recent history: radius and ellipticity increase sharply when a cluster accretes stars. (4) The dynamical evolution of very young embedded clusters with masses ≲1000 M⊙ is dominated by the overall gravitational potential of the star-forming region rather than by internal dynamical processes such as two- or few-body relaxation.
Monetary Policy, Business Liquidity and Survival: Evidence from the Refinancing Channel
Authors: Liu Haoyang , Parker Dean , Ramcharan Rodney
Published: February 2023

We study the impact of the refinancing channel of monetary policy on very small and medium-sized businesses. Using data covering the near universe of these businesses, we find that increased household refinancing reduces the probability that a business exits or exhausts its debt capacity in the calendar year, as well as 6 years after the first exposure. It also helps younger businesses maintain credit relationships. Financial factors, like business liquidity, as well as local demand dependence, amplify these effects, especially for very small businesses. These results suggest that the refinancing channel of monetary policy can have large long-run effects on local economies.

Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Microglial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 signaling modulates sleep deprivation-induced transition to chronic postsurgical pain
Authors: Wei Shi-Nan , Zhang Hao , Lu Yan , Yu Hui-Jie , Ma Tao , Wang Si-Nian , Yang Kun , Tian Mou-Li , Huang Ai-Hua , Wang Wei , Li Feng-Sheng , Li Yong-Wang
Published: February 2023

Study Objectives

This study verified that sleep deprivation before and after skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) surgery increased the risk of chronic pain and investigated the underlying roles of microglial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) signaling.

Methods

Adult mice received 6 hours of total sleep deprivation from 1 day prior to SMIR until the third day after surgery. Mechanical and heat-evoked pain was assessed before and within 21 days after surgery. Microglial activation and changes in VDAC1 expression and oligomerization were measured. Minocycline was injected to observe the effects of inhibiting microglial activation on pain maintenance. The VDAC1 inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and oligomerization inhibitor VBIT-4 were used to determine the roles of VDAC1 signaling on microglial adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) release, inflammation (IL-1β and CCL2), and chronicity of pain.

Results

Sleep deprivation significantly increased the pain duration after SMIR surgery, activated microglia, and enhanced VDAC1 signaling in the spinal cord. Minocycline inhibited microglial activation and alleviated sleep deprivation-induced pain maintenance. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation was accompanied by increased VDAC1 expression and oligomerization, and more VDAC1 was observed on the cell membrane surface compared with control. DIDS and VBIT-4 rescued LPS-induced microglial ATP release and IL-1β and CCL2 expression. DIDS and VBIT-4 reversed sleep loss-induced microglial activation and pain chronicity in mice, similar to the effects of minocycline. No synergistic effects were found for minocycline plus VBIT-4 or DIDS.

Conclusions

Perioperative sleep deprivation activated spinal microglia and increases the risk of chronic postsurgical pain in mice. VDAC1 signaling regulates microglial activation-related ATP release, inflammation, and chronicity of pain.
Policies, Practices, and Attitudes Related to Parental Leave for Practicing Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Legister Candice S. , Morgan Sara J. , Samora Julie B. , Weiss Jennifer M. , Caird Michelle S. , Miller Daniel J.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Parental leave impacts family engagement, bonding, stress, and happiness. Because parental leave benefits are important to all surgeons regardless of sex, understanding parental leave practices in pediatric orthopaedic surgery is critical to promote equity within the profession and supporting balance in work and family life. The aim of this study was to survey pediatric orthopaedic surgeons about their knowledge of parental leave policies, attitudes towards parental leave, and their individual experiences taking leave.

Methods:

A 34-question anonymous survey was distributed to the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America membership. Eligible respondents were attending pediatric orthopaedic surgeons practicing in the United States or Canada. The survey gathered information about employer parental leave policies, perceptions about and experiences with parental leave while practicing as a surgeon, and demographic information about respondents.

Results:

A total of 77 responses were completed and used for analysis. Most respondents were men (59.7%), <50 years old (67.5%), married (90.9%), and in urban communities (75.3%). A large majority were practicing in the United States (97.4%). Most respondents were unfamiliar with employer parental leave policies (maternity: 53.3%; paternity: 67.5%; and adoption: 85.7%). Those familiar with policies reported that employers offered 7 to 12 weeks for maternity leave (45.7%) and <1 week for paternity leave (50%) and adoption leave (45.5%). Most respondents believed 7 to 12 weeks should be offered for maternity leave (66.2%), 1 to 6 weeks for paternity leave (54.6%), and 7 to 12 weeks for adoption leave (46.8%). Many respondents reported taking 1 to 6 weeks of parental leave as a surgeon (53.3%) and that their colleagues were supportive of their parental leave (40.3%).

Conclusions:

Most pediatric orthopaedic surgeons were unfamiliar with parental leave benefits provided by employers. Respondents who were familiar with these policies believed that more parental leave should be provided, especially for men who may feel social pressure to take less time for leave. Although respondents reported that their work environments were supportive, this study identified opportunities for improvement to support surgeons who wish to balance parental experiences with work responsibilities.

Level of Evidence:

Level V.
Comparison of Distal Spine Anchors and Distal Pelvic Anchors in Children With Hypotonic Neuromuscular Scoliosis Treated With Growth-friendly Instrumentation
Authors: Ahmady Arya , Rosenthal Lindsay , Abraham Adam C. , Parker Bianca , Brooks Jaysson T. , Cahill Patrick J. , Smith John T. , Sponseller Paul D. , Sturm Peter F. , Li Ying ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Spine Study Group
Published: February 2023

Background:

Lower preoperative pelvic obliquity (PO) and L5 tilt have been associated with good radiographic outcomes when the fusion ended short of the pelvis in children with neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS). Our purpose was to identify indications to exclude the pelvis in children with hypotonic NMS treated with growth-friendly instrumentation.

Methods:

This was a multicenter retrospective review. Children with spinal muscular atrophy and muscular dystrophy treated with dual traditional growing rod, magnetically controlled growing rod, or vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib with minimum 2-year follow-up after the index surgery were identified.

Results:

A total of 125 patients met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-eight patients had distal spine anchors (DSAs) and 87 patients had distal pelvic anchors (DPAs) placed at the index surgery. Demographics and length of follow-up were similar between the groups but there was a greater percentage of DPA patients who were nonambulatory [79 patients (91%) vs. 18 patients (47%), P<0.0001]. Preindex radiographic measures were similar except the DSA patients had a lower PO (11 vs. 19 degrees, P=0.0001) and L5 tilt (8 vs. 12 degrees, P=0.001). Postindex and most recent radiographic data were comparable between the groups. There was no difference in the complication and unplanned returns to the operating room rates.

Subanalysis of the DSA group based on ambulatory status showed similar radiographic measures except the ambulatory patients had a lower PO at all time points (preindex: 5 vs. 16 degrees, P=0.011; postindex: 6 vs. 10 degrees, P=0.045; most recent follow-up: 5 vs. 14 degrees, P=0.028). Only 1 ambulatory DSA patient had a PO ≥10 degrees at most recent follow-up compared with 6 nonambulatory DSA patients. Three (8%) DSA patients, all nonambulatory, underwent extension of their instrumentation to the pelvis.

Conclusions:

Pelvic fixation should be strongly considered in nonambulatory children with hypotonic NMS treated with growth-friendly instrumentation. At intermediate-term follow-up, revision surgery to include the pelvis was rare but DSAs do not seem effective at maintaining control of PO in nonambulatory patients. DSA and DPA were equally effective at maintaining major curve control, and complication and unplanned returns to the operating room rates were similar.

Level of Evidence:

Level III—therapeutic.
Primary Sarcomas of the Spine
Authors: Kooner Paul , Bozzo Isabella , Rizkallah Maroun , Hassani Mohamad , Turcotte Robert E. , Aoude Ahmed
Published: February 2023

Study Design:

A systematic review of the literature and pooled data analysis of treatment outcomes of primary sarcomas of the spine.

Objective:

To examine the current literature and treatment options for primary sarcomas of the spine.

Summary of Background Data:

A paucity of literature exists on treatment outcomes of primary sarcomas of the spine.

Materials and Methods:

Two authors searched PubMed to identify articles for review, and a pooled data analysis was performed to determine overall survival for each type of surgical resection on spine sarcomas.

Results:

In total, 1776 articles were identified, and 11 met our inclusion criteria for review. In chondrosarcoma, overall survival was significantly higher with en bloc excision when compared with piecemeal resection (HR for piecemeal resection: 4.11; 95% CI: 2.08–8.15). Subgroup analysis showed that the addition of radiation therapy after piecemeal excision increased overall survival to 60 months from 48 months with piecemeal excision alone. In osteosarcoma, there was no significant difference in overall survival between en bloc and piecemeal resection (HR for piecemeal resection: 1.76; 95% CI: 0.776–3.99). In Ewing’s sarcoma, overall survival was significantly higher when a successful en bloc resection was achieved and coupled with chemotherapy and radiation therapy for local control (HR for piecemeal resection: 7.96; 95% CI: 2.12–20.1). Interestingly, when a successful en bloc resection could not be achieved, chemotherapy and radiation therapy alone had significantly higher survival than piecemeal resection (HR for piecemeal resection: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.01–6.84). A significantly higher number of local recurrences were associated with the piecemeal resection group in all types of spine sarcomas.

Conclusion:

This review and pooled data seem to favor en bloc excision for local control as the treatment of choice in primary sarcomas of the spine.