bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ectomycorrhizal Inoculation Fails to Improve Performance of Sitka Spruce Seedlings on Clearcuts in Southeastern Alaska
Authors: Loopstra Elaine M. , Shaw Charles G. , Sidle Roy C.
Published: August 2019

Hebeloma crustulini-forme (Bull. ex St. Amans) Quel., Laccaria laccata (Scop. ex Fr.) Berk and Br., and Cenococcum geophilum (L. ex Fr.) Pers. ex Hooker were established as ectomycorrhizae on container-grown Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.) seedlings that, along with noninoculated controls, were planted in rotten wood, exposed mineral soil, and undisturbed duff on a recently clearcut site in southeastern Alaska. At planting, seedling heights differed significantly among all fungal treatments: the tallest were those inoculated with C. geophilum, the shortest with H. crustuliniforme. High fertilization controls, reared under a standard nursery regime, had significantly greater height and diameter than other treatments at out-planting. Four growing seasons after planting, seedling survival exceeded 99%. Total height and diameter after 4 years, as well as 4-year increments, did not differ significantly among fungal treatments and low fertilization controls. High fertilization controls had greater total heights and diameters than any other treatment; these differences were significant from seedlings inoculated with L. laccata or H. crustiliniforme. Although differences were not significant, seedlings planted in rotten wood, regardless of fungal treatment, had the smallest increase in height after 4 years (136%); those planted in undisturbed duff had the largest (162%). These data support earlier indications that prior colonization by these fungi provides little benefit to out-planted Sitka spruce seedlings on various microsites in southeastern Alaska clearcuttings. West. J. Appl. For. 3(4):110-112, October 1988.
Habitat use of an Arizona Ponderosa Pine—Mixed Conifer Forest by Female Black Bears
Authors: Mollohan Cheryl , Brady Ward W. , LeCount Albert L.
Published: August 2019

Fourteen adult female black bears were captured and radio-collared on the Mogollon Rim in north-central Arizona. Habitat use was sampled on 182 sites from May 1982-August 1984 using ground radio telemetry to identify habitat use sites. Eighty-eight sites were classified as feeding sites, and 94 sites contained beds. Analysis of use versus availability of vegetation types, topographic site characteristics, and percent slope classes showed significant differences. Females, with and without cubs, selected mixed conifer more frequently than ponderosa pine areas. Canyon walls were selected more frequently than ridgetops, especially for bedding sites. There were significant differences in amount of vegetative cover between feeding and bedding sites. Horizontal cover averaged 45 ft for bedding sites and 65 ft for feeding sites. Seventy four percent of the beds were on the uphill side of trees. Bed trees averaged 28.6 in. dbh. Habitat management recommendations are included. West. J. Appl. For. 4(1): 6-10, January 1989.
Fire Suppression Effectiveness for Simultaneous Fires: An Examination of Fire Histories
Authors: Bednar Larry F. , Mees Romain , Strauss David
Published: August 2019

We examined fire and weather records for areas of the western United States for the period 1970-1984 to determine the effects of simultaneous wildfire occurrence on fire suppression efforts. Burning conditions were accounted for by use of short strings of fires which involved simultaneous suppression efforts. These strings were matched with closely preceding isolated fires to form matched sets, which were used to examine the relative effects of simultaneous fire occurrence. Fires were predominantly lightning-caused, and within matched sets they showed little difference in burning conditions. The first-occurring fires in the strings showed significantly longer suppression times than the preceding isolated fires, and travel times to the sixth-occurring fires were significantly greater than times to the first-occurring fire. These effects are not entirely consistent with expectations of fire personnel, perhaps because of shortcomings in the fire history records, which are particularly deficient in reporting force allocation, fire progress, and fire location. West. J. Appl. For. 5(1):16-19.
Effects of the Tarif Number/Diameter Relationship on Volume and Height Estimates
Authors: Clendenen Gary W.
Published: August 2019

Volume estimates using the tarif system often assume a single mean tarif number for an even-aged stand. Consistent trends of tarif number with dbh within plots were found in a set of 67 plots in western Oregon and Washington. Effects of these trends on plot and diameter class volume estimates, and on heights estimated from these volumes, were examined. Total plot volume estimates were apparently not biased, but substantial biases were found in estimates of volumes and heights by dbh class. Height samples should be representative of the range of diameters, adequate to detect trends in tarif number, and adequate to support alternative methods of volume and height estimation. West. J. Appl. For. 5(1):9-12.
Ortet-Ramet Relationships of Wood-Specific Gravity in Lodgepole Pine
Authors: Yanchuk A. D. , Carlson M. R. , Murphy J. C.
Published: August 2019

Two 8-year-old grafted ramets from 12 lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) ortets (wild stand parent trees) were sampled at each of three sites and were assessed for specific gravity with small diameter cores. The broad-sense heritability estimate from the analysis of variance was 0.62, but estimates derived by regressing clone means from ramets on ortet values were 0.49 and 0.54 for juvenile and mature wood, respectively. This relatively high repeatability for specific gravity suggests wild-stand ortet values may be useful for identifying low specific gravity clones in seed orchards, or potential low specific gravity families in breeding populations of lodgepole pine. West. J. Appl. For. 5(2):40-42, April 1990.
Effects of Shade and Competing Vegetation on Growth of Western Redcedar Regeneration
Authors: Adams David L. , Mahoney Ronald L.
Published: August 2019

Naturally regenerated western redcedar (Thuja plicata) is almost always subordinate to associated species that grow more rapidly. Management of competing vegetation will greatly enhance early development of western redcedar. We examined the effects of two vegetation reduction treatments and three artificial shade treatments on subsequent growth of naturally established western redcedar seedlings. Complete removal of competing vegetation resulted in nearly three times greater height growth for unshaded seedlings than did removing only shade competition by tying back shrub and tree crowns but leaving the rooted plants to occupy growing space. The addition of artificial shade did not significantly impact height growth. The vegetation treatment results support the hypothesis that transpirational stress is a more significant factor in the growth of these seedlings than is light competition. West. J. Appl. For. 6(1):21-22.
Nonindustrial Private Forest Owners in Idaho
Authors: Force Jo Ellen , Lee Harry W.
Published: August 2019

Idaho's nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) owners were surveyed by mail to determine their sociodemographic characteristics, perceptions of the benefits received from owning forestland, use of forest management practices, harvesting plans, and use of forest management assistance. Data were reported for the entire state and also analyzed by ownership class. The sociodemographic profile of Idaho's NIPF owner is similar to that reported from other states. Major benefits of owning NIPF land were: wood for domestic use; esthetic enjoyment; and wildlife appreciation. Esthetics were more important to smaller landowners. Grazing and timber were benefits of importance to large landowners. Fifty-six percent of owners have harvested timber, varying from 35% of small holdings to 74% of large holdings. One-fourth of the owners say they will never harvest timber. Only 34% have ever sought professional forest management assistance. West. J. Appl. For. 6(2):32-36.
Testing Graft Incompatibility Detection Procedures on Interior Douglas-Fir
Authors: Foushee David , Fins Lauren
Published: August 2019

Grafts of 21 mature inland Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) were used to test the anatomical and electrophoretic methods of detecting graft incompatibility that were developed for the coastal variety of the species. Both methods were found to be effective. Incompatibility averaged 34% when evaluated by anatomical examination; and electrophoretic analysis of isozymes, 19 to 20 months after grafting, was 82% accurate in detecting incompatible grafts. Sixty percent of the incompatible grafts had externally visible bark fissures along the contact zone between scion and rootstock. One clone had greater than 90% compatibility. West. J. Appl. For. 6(2):39-42.
Economic and Marketing Implications of Special Forest Products Harvest in the Coastal Pacific Northwest
Authors: Schlosser William E. , Blatner Keith A. , Chapman Roger C.
Published: August 2019

The special forest products industry has recently become an important factor in forest management. Plants common to the understories of many Pacific Northwest United States and coastal British Columbia forests are harvested, processed, and marketed worldwide in floral greens markets as supplements and complements in floral arrangements. The industry employed over 10,000 people in Washington, Oregon, and southern British Columbia in 1989, and generated an estimated $128.5 million in sales. Forestland managers are discovering the advantages associated with leasing harvesting rights to the producers and harvesters of these products. A mail survey was used to sample special forest products businesses in Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia during 1989. Descriptions of plant materials harvested and their value are presented and discussed. Business characteristics and total industry affects are discussed. The industry's impacts on the regional economies and the industries marketing strategies including channels of distribution, product development, market product development, and future market opportunities are also discussed. West. J. Appl. For. 6(3):67-72.
Decision Analysis and Sensitivity Testing of Reforestation Strategies1
Authors: Cleaves David A. , Birch Kevin
Published: August 2019

Decision analysis might provide better guidance in silvicultural decisions if users could understand the relative impact of component assumptions and subjective judgments more easily. A reforestation project in western Oregon that involved four alternatives was structured as a decision analysis problem. The optimal solution ranked the alternatives based on their probabilistically weighted soil expectation value (SEV). The solution was tested to determine its sensitivity across realistic ranges in costs, probabilities, and biological responses. Relative rankings were most sensitive to cost components with wide natural ranges (such as prescribed burning) and to variations in 15-year survival and growth predictions; rankings were least sensitive to probability estimates. Rankings were quite stable even when the detail in the parameters was increased. A systematic sensitivity analysis pointed out the impact of errors or uncertainty in judgment and focused the decision maker's effort in information gathering and reanalysis. West. J. Appl. For. 6(3):73-78.
Genetic Variation in Chamaecyparis nootkatensis from Coastal British Columbia1
Authors: Cherry M. L. , Lester D. T.
Published: August 2019

Genetic variation in several traits of Alaska-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) was measured in progeny from seven coastal B.C. provenances, each represented by three open-pollinated families. The common-garden nursery trial also included one provenance of Port-Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana). Growth traits and frost hardiness were measured at the end of the first growing season, and morphological traits after the second year. Provenances varied in percentage germination, shoot dry weight, shoot to root dry weight ratio, number of lateral branches per stem, and cold injury to a minimum temperature of -20°C in December. Families differed in height, root collar diameter, and in the number of nodes of primary foliage. Port-Orford cedar exhibited much greater height, stem caliper, and dry weight than any Alaska-cedar provenance, but was more susceptible to frost damage. West. J. Appl. For. 7(1):25-29.
Long-Term Effect of Treating True Fir Stumps with Sodium Tetraborate to Control Losses from Heterobasidion annosum
Authors: Schultz Mark E. , Parmeter John R. , Slaughter Garey W.
Published: August 2019

Stump treatment with sodium tetraborate (borax) to control infection by Heterobasidion annosum and to reduce losses was tested in 10 true fir stands in California. These stands were thinned in 1978, 1979, or 1980, and borax was applied to stumps on 0.5 ha plots. Adjacent 0.5 ha plots were left untreated. Borax reduced stump surface infection but did not affect tree mortality between paired treated and untreated plots. The incidence of H. annosum increased for borax-treated stumps whose protected surfaces were removed 1 year earlier. The number of firs that died over the period of the study was positively correlated with the average age of the trees. Differences in mortality were not significant between treated and untreated plots West. J. Appl. For. 7(1):29-31
Plantations vs. Advance Regeneration: Height Growth Comparisons for Southwestern Oregon
Authors: Korpela Ed J. , Tesch Steven D. , Lewis R.
Published: August 2019

Model projections of newly planted Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings grown under three competition regimes were compared across three site classes with growth of three height classes of Douglas-fir and white fir (Abies concolor) advance regeneration for 20 years following overstory removal. Plantations growing without competition were projected to grow about as fast as advance regeneration on the best sites and slower on the poorer sites. However, over the 20-year period, the projected height of planted trees exceeded only that of released small white fir. Competing vegetation reduced projected plantation growth, thus increasing the height advantage of advance regeneration over planted trees after 20 years. Comparisons such as these are influenced by the time required to establish new plantations, competition faced by released and planted trees, and the species composition, vigor, and initial height of the advance regeneration. These results suggest that managing advance regeneration may be a viable reforestation alternative in southwestern Oregon, particularly on poorer sites. West. J. Appl. For. 7(2):44-47
Equations for Estimating Browse Biomass of Red Huckleberry, Western Red-Cedar, and Deer Fern by Vertical Profile
Authors: Smith Nicholas J. , McLeod Alan
Published: August 2019

Edible biomass estimating regression equations were developed for red huckleberry (Vaccinium parvifolium), understory western red-cedar (Thuja plicata) and deer fern (Blechnum spicant) growing in potential second-growth Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) winter range on Vancouver Island, B.C. Vertical edible biomass height profile equations were also developed for red huckleberry and western red-cedar. These models may be used to objectively and conveniently help assess the amount of forage available to deer during severe winters. West. J. Appl. For. 7(2):48-50.
Predicting Crown Sizes and Diameter Distributions of Tanoak, Pacific Madrone, and Giant Chinkapin Sprout Clumps
Authors: Harrington Timothy B. , Tappeiner John C. , Warbington Ralph
Published: August 2019

Crown size and stem diameters were measured on a total of 908 sprout clumps of tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus), Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii), and giant chinkapin (Castanopsis chrysophylla). The clumps, age 1 to 16 years, were located at 23 sites in southwestern Oregon and 20 sites in northwestern California. Regression equations were developed for predicting individual-clump crown size and stem-diameter distributions of dominant sprouts from the total basal area (dm² at 1.37 m) in stems of the parent tree (PBA) and number of growing seasons since burning (AGE). Variables of PBA, AGE, and species in combination accounted for over 75% of the total variation in hardwood crown width and height and for 62% of the variation in sprout number. Variables describing site characteristics and competing vegetation abundance did not explain more than 2% of additional variation in hardwood crown size or sprout diameter distribution. On the basis of the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test (α = 0.05), the Weibull function adequately described the reverse J-shaped distribution of stem diameters for individual sprout clumps. The goodness of fit for each of the predictive models for tanoak and madrone was verified with independent data. West. J. Appl. For. 7(4):103-108.
Winter Logging and Erosion in a Ponderosa Pine Forest in Northeastern Oregon
Authors: Williams John D. , Buckhouse John C.
Published: August 2019

Trees are often harvested in small woodlots for the dual purpose of generating revenue and expanding or enhancing woodland pasture for livestock and wildlife. Following such an effort, in a two-part study we compared the runoff and erosion potential in harvested and nonharvested sites. The tree harvest was conducted on snow and frozen soil and used prescribed skid trails. In the first part of the study, runoff plots were installed and monitored for 2 winters and 1 summer to determine if runoff and erosion resulting from natural precipitation events occurred from either of two treatments; a harvested site or a comparable nonharvested site. In the second part of the study, simulated rainfall was applied to a separate set of runoff plots to determine endpoint infiltration capacity and to make projections of infiltration and erosion response to anticipated livestock grazing. Rainfall was applied to each plot at three subsequent levels of ground cover manipulation: undisturbed vegetation, clipped vegetation, and vegetation and organic soil horizon removed. No runoff or sediment production was recorded between September 1986 and December 1987 in either harvested or nonharvested treatments in the plots monitoring response to natural rainfall. In addition, runoff and sediment production did not occur as a result of simulated rainfall in either site regardless of the ground cover treatment. The same result was obtained when rainfall was applied for an extended period and at an increased rate of application. The lack of runoff can be attributed to site conditions, especially the well-developed biomass in the upper soil horizons, and the method and season of logging. If the tree harvest procedures are repeated in similar sites, similar results may be expected. West. J. Appl. For. 8(1):19-23.
Early Development of Matched Planted and Naturally Regenerated Douglas-Fir Stands After Slash Burning in the Cascade Range
Authors: Miller Richard E. , Bigley Richard E. , Webster Steve
Published: August 2019

We compared matched planted and naturally regenerated plots in 35- to 38-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) stands at seven locations in western Washington and Oregon. Total number of live stems is similar, but stands planted to Douglas-fir average 26 more live stems/ac of Douglas-fir and 39 fewer stems/ac of other conifers than do naturally regenerated stands. Despite an average 2-yr delay in planting after burning, dominant Douglas-fir in planted stands average 3 fewer years than natural regeneration to attain breast height after burning. Volume of all live trees (1.6 in. dbh and larger) and of Douglas-fir average 40% greater on planted plots. Volume of live conifers 7.6 in. dbh and greater average 41% greater on planted plots as compared to naturally regenerated plots (2977 vs. 2118 ft³/ac). Differences that developed on these plots are probably less than differences that would be shown by plantations being established today with prompt planting and improved nursery stock and planting methods. Planting slash-burned clearcuts in this general area of the Cascade Range resulted in faster volume production. West. J. Appl. For. (8)1:5-10.
The Effect of Harvesting Activities on Soil Compaction, Root Damage, and Suckering in Colorado Aspen
Authors: Shepperd Wayne D.
Published: August 2019

Logging activities cause significant compaction on skid trails in commercial aspen harvest areas. Bulk density increases have persisted up to 12 yr following harvest. Compaction of the upper 0.2 m of an undisturbed mineral soil profile increased with each succeeding pass of a tractor where later passes contributed less to the total compaction effect. Compaction effects were similar under wet soil conditions. High organic matter content in the upper mineral soil profile may have decreased the magnitude of compaction effects. Root damage can occur without apparent disruption of the soil profile, especially to fine roots and those in saturated soils. West. J. Appl. For. 8(2):62-66.
Incorporating Additional Tree and Environmental Variables in a Lodgepole Pine Stem Profile Model
Authors: Byrne John C.
Published: August 2019

A new variable-form segmented stem profile model is developed for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) trees from the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States. I improved estimates of stem diameter by predicting two of the model coefficients with linear equations using a measure of tree form, defined as a ratio of dbh and total height. Additional improvements were obtained by fitting this model to individual national forest data sets. Other tree and environmental variables tested but found of little use in improving stem profile estimates were crown ratio, habitat series, elevation, slope percent, and aspect. West. J. Appl. For. 8(3):86-90.
Machine Site Preparation Improves Seedling Performance on a High-Elevation Site in Southwest Oregon
Authors: McNabb David H. , Baker-Katz Kathryn , Tesch Steven D.
Published: August 2019

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings planted on areas receiving one of four site-preparation treatments (scarify, scarify/till, soil removal and soil removal/till) and on unprepared control areas were compared for 5 yr at a high-elevation, nutrient-poor site in the western Siskiyou Mountains of southwest Oregon. Fifth-year survival of seedlings was at least 85% among machine-prepared plots, compared to 42% on control plots. Cover of competing vegetation remained less than 25% during the period for all machine treatments. In contrast, vegetation cover on control plots was 30% at the time of planting and increased to nearly 75% after 5 yr. Competing vegetation clearly impeded seedling performance. The effects of unusually droughty conditions at the time of planting in 1982 were examined further by interplanting additional seedlings in the soil-removal treatment in 1985. The interplanting was followed by more normal spring precipitation, and seedlings grew better over 5 yr than those planted in 1982. The slow recovery of competing vegetation and generally poor seedling growth on all treatments during both planting years are attributed to low soil fertility. West. J. Appl. For. 8(3):95-98.
Genetically Improved Ponderosa Pine Seedlings Outgrow Nursery-Run Seedlings with and without Competition—Early Findings
Authors: McDonald Philip M. , Fiddler Gary O. , Kitzmiller Jay H.
Published: August 2019

Three classes of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings (nursery-run, wind-pollinated, control-pollinated) were evaluated for stem height and diameter at the USDA Forest Service's Placerville Nursery and the Georgetown Ranger District in northern California. Pines in all three classes were grown with competing vegetation or maintained in a free-to-grow condition. Control-pollinated seedlings were statistically taller (P < 0.05) than nursery-run counterparts when outplanted, and after 1 and 2 growing seasons in the field with and without competition. They also had significantly larger diameters when outplanted and after 2 growing seasons in the field when free to grow. Wind-pollinated seedlings grew taller than nursery-run seedlings when free to grow. A large amount of competing vegetation [bearclover (Chamaebatia foliolosa)—29,490 plants per acre; herbaceous vegetation—11,500; hardwood sprouts—233; and whiteleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos viscida) seedlings—100] ensure that future pine development will be tested rigorously. West. J. Appl. For. 9(2):00-00.
Using Tree Growth and Yield Simulators to Create Ecological Yield Tables for Silvicultural Prescriptions
Authors: Barrett Tara M. , Davis Lawrence S. , Schurr Frieder G.
Published: August 2019

Several authors have suggested using silviculture to create a dynamic target distribution of forest structures across the landscape in managing for both biodiversity and production of outputs (Harris 1984, Oliver 1992, Swanson and Franklin 1992). If forest structure (the dynamic spatial distribution and composition of tree vegetation) is known, it can be used for predicting changes in wildlife habitat, biodiversity, and output production. This paper describes a method for using tree growth and yield simulator output to classify temporal changes in forest structure associated with applying silvicultural prescriptions. West. J. Appl. For. 9(3):91-94.
The meningococcal vaccine antigen GNA2091 is an analogue of YraP and plays key roles in outer membrane stability and virulence
Authors: Seib Kate L. , Haag Andreas F. , Oriente Francesca , Fantappiè Laura , Borghi Sara , Semchenko Evgeny A. , Schulz Benjamin L. , Ferlicca Francesca , Taddei Anna Rita , Giuliani Marzia M. , Pizza Mariagrazia , Delany Isabel
Published: August 2019

GNA2091 is one of the components of the 4‐component meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB) vaccine and is highly conserved in all meningococcal strains. However, its functional role has not been fully characterized. Here we show that nmb2091 is part of an operon and is cotranscribed with the nmb2089, nmb2090, and nmb2092 adjacent genes, and a similar but reduced operon arrangement is conserved in many other gram‐negative bacteria. Deletion of the nmb2091 gene causes an aggregative phenotype with a mild defect in cell separation; differences in the outer membrane composition and phospholipid profile, in particular in the phosphoethanolamine levels; an increased level of outer membrane vesicles; and deregulation of the zinc‐responsive genes such as znuD. Finally, the Δ2091 strain is attenuated with respect to the wild‐type strain in competitive index experiments in the infant rat model of meningococcal infection. Altogether these data suggest that GNA2091 plays important roles in outer membrane architecture, biogenesis, homeostasis, and in meningococcal survival in vivo, and amodel for its role is discussed. These findings highlight the importance of GNA2091 as a vaccine component.—Seib, K. L., Haag, A. F., Oriente, F., Fantappiè, L., Borghi, S., Semchenko, E. A., Schulz, B. L., Ferlicca, F., Taddei, A. R., Giuliani, M. M., Pizza, M., Delany, I. The meningococcal vaccine antigen GNA2091 is an analogue of YraP and plays key roles in outer membrane stability and virulence. FASEB J. 33, 12324‐12335 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Acetabulum Cup Stability in an Early Weight-Bearing Cadaveric Model of Geriatric Posterior Wall Fractures
Authors: Marmor Meir , Knox Riley , Huang Adrian , Herfat Safa
Published: August 2019

Background:

Primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been suggested for posterior wall (PW) fractures with unfavorable features in the geriatric population. There is a paucity of studies reporting on postoperative protocols for primary THA after PW fractures. The purpose of this study was to test the biomechanical effect of immediate assisted weight-bearing on acetabulum THA cup fixation in an osteoporotic PW fracture model.

Methods:

Computed tomography scans of 18 geriatric PW fractures (mean age, 77 ± 8 years) were used to generate representative PW fracture. This fracture pattern, comprising 50% of the PW and 25% of the acetabulum rim, was then created in 6 female cadaveric pelves. A multihole acetabulum THA cup was implanted with line-to-line reaming and fixed with four 5-mm screws. The pelves were cyclically loaded to up to 1.8× body weight (BW) in the intact form, after fracture creation and fracture fixation. Optical markers were used to determine acceptable cup motion of less than 150 μm.

Results:

Five specimens withstood 3.6× BW loading after implantation and before fracture creation. At 1.8× BW load, cup motion was nonfractured: 50 ± 24 µm (range, 5–128 µm), fractured with no fixation: 37 ± 22 µm (range, 8–74 µm), or fractured with fixation: 62 ± 39 µm (range, 5–120 µm) (P = 0.0097). Cup motion was <150 µm for all groups.

Conclusion:

This study supports the practice of allowing immediate assisted weight-bearing in patients undergoing THA with PW fractures involving up to 50% of the PW and up to 25% of the acetabular rim, with or without fixation of the PW fragment.
Postpartum hormonal contraception in breastfeeding women
Authors: Stanton Taylor A. , Blumenthal Paul D.
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review

To provide an overview of recent research and guidelines regarding contraception and breastfeeding.

Recent findings

Recent studies assessed lactogenesis, breastfeeding rates, and milk supply concerns in patients starting postpartum hormonal contraception. One study showed a small but statistically significant increase in milk supply concerns between users and nonusers of postpartum hormonal contraception. Mean time to lactogenesis and breastfeeding rates were similar between patients with immediate and delayed insertion of the levonorgestrel (LNG) implant in one study and the LNG intrauterine device (IUD) in another study. Two studies assessed nursing knowledge and attitudes toward postpartum contraception in breastfeeding women, showing that postpartum nurses had incorrect knowledge of contraceptive safety in this patient population. Both studies demonstrated persistent erroneous beliefs that depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) adversely affects breastfeeding. In postpartum patients intending to breastfeed, more than half intended to initiate contraception within 6 weeks postpartum and few indicated effect on breastfeeding as a factor in their decision.

There are no significant differences in lactogenesis, breastfeeding, and infant growth parameters between immediate postpartum (IPP) and delayed insertion of LNG implants and IUDs. Labor and delivery and postpartum nurses have persistent erroneous beliefs that DMPA negatively affects breastfeeding. Patients desire to use contraception postpartum but prenatal counseling rates and practices are of variable content and quality.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Its Association With Ocular Discomfort in Patients With Ocular Prosthesis
Authors: Altin Ekin Meryem , Karadeniz Ugurlu Seyda , Kahraman Hazan G.
Published: August 2019

Objective:

To investigate the effects of ocular prosthesis on meibomian glands and also to identify the role of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) on ocular discomfort in prosthetic eyes.

Methods:

This prospective study included 55 patients who had been wearing unilateral ocular prosthesis for more than 1 year. A 15-item questionnaire regarding MGD-related ocular symptoms was administered to all patients. Both prosthetic eyes and paired normal eyes were evaluated with slit-lamp, noncontact meibography and spectral optical coherence tomography. A multiple linear regression model was applied to evaluate factors on ocular symptom scores.

Results:

The ocular symptom scores, meibography scores, meibomian gland loss, and lid margin abnormality scores of prosthetic eyes were significantly higher than those of normal eyes (P<0.05). Tear meniscus measurements of eyes with prosthesis were significantly lower from those of normal eyes (P<0.05). The ocular symptom scores were significantly positively correlated with meibography scores, meibomin gland loss, and lid margin abnormality scores and negatively correlated with tear meniscus measurements (P<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between total meibography scores and all tear meniscus parameters (P<0.05). The patients who had used ocular prosthesis for longer durations had a significantly greater meibography scores, meibomin gland loss, lid margin abnormality scores, and ocular symptom scores but lesser tear meniscus parameters (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

Use of ocular prosthesis is significantly associated with MGD, which is proportional to the duration of prosthesis wear. Furthermore, ocular discomfort symptoms of prosthetic eye wearers significantly correlated with MGD-related dry eye.
Microarray Analysis of circRNA Expression Pattern in Corneal Neovascularization
Authors: Zhou Yun-Fan , Shi Lian-Jun , Yao Jin , Sun Ya-Nan , Shan Kun , Jiang Qin , Yan Biao
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

To identify differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) in corneal neovascularization.

Methods:

We established an alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization model and performed circRNA expression profiling to identify differentially expressed circRNAs between avascular corneas and vascularized corneas. Gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of the host genes of dysregulated circRNAs were performed to determine the related biological modules and pathological pathways. Real-time polymerase chain reactions were performed to detect the expression pattern of circRNAs in the clinical samples. In vitro experiments were performed to determine the role of circRNAs in vascular endothelial angiogenic effects.

Results:

Two hundred twenty-nine circRNAs were differentially expressed between avascular corneas and vascularized corneas. The host genes of dysregulated circRNAs were targeted to cell cycle (biologic process), cytoplasm (cellular component), and protein binding (molecular function). Rap1 signaling was identified as the most enriched signaling pathway. Clinical studies showed that the human ortholog of cZFP609 and cKifap3 was dysregulated in the vascularized human corneas. cKifap3 silencing facilitated vascular endothelial angiogenic effects by regulating endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that circRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of corneal neovascularization. cZFP609 and cKifap3 may serve as promising targets for the treatment of corneal neovascularization.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Feasibility of Slit-Lamp Nd:YAG Laser Descemetorhexis
Authors: Dragnea Diana C. , Ní Dhubhghaill Sorcha , Bourgonje Vincent J.A. , Dapena Isabel , Oellerich Silke , Melles Gerrit R.J. , Lavy Itay
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate in vitro the feasibility and tissue effects of using a slit-lamp neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser to create a central descemetorhexis in human donor corneas.

Methods:

Twelve human donor corneas ineligible for transplantation were divided into 2 groups, A and B. Group A: 2 “healthy” corneas, which were used to validate the laser parameters; group B: 10 corneas with endothelial guttae, which were used to perform a 4-mm descemetorhexis. Slit-lamp photography, light microscopy, corneal endothelial microscopy, Scheimpflug imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, and histological staining were performed to visualize the efficacy of slit-lamp Nd:YAG laser removal of Descemet membrane and to assess potential tissue damage to the overlying stroma and peripheral endothelium.

Results:

In all corneas, an Nd:YAG laser 4-mm central descemetorhexis could be consistently performed. The total energy required ranged from 1143 to 2784 mJ. Side effects such as stromal pitting and corneal swelling were observed.

Conclusions:

Creating a central descemetorhexis with a slit-lamp Nd:YAG laser proved feasible in vitro. This new technical approach might open the door to a customized in vivo “descemetorhexis-only” treatment for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy eyes, while avoiding the risks associated with intraocular surgery.
Position Statement: Child Maltreatment
Authors: Pierce-Weeks Jennifer
Published: August 2019

The International Association of Forensic Nurses has developed a Position Statement regarding child maltreatment. The Position Statement identifies the problem statement, association position, and rationale for interventions.
Antecolic reconstruction is associated with a lower incidence of delayed gastric emptying compared to retrocolic technique after Whipple or pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Qiu Jianguo , Li Ming , Du Chengyou
Published: August 2019

Background:

The aim of present study is to investigate the relationship between the antecolic (AC) route of gastrojejunostomy (GJ) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or duodenojejunostomy (DJ) reconstruction after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD), and the incidence of delayed gastric emptying (DGE).

Methods:

An electronic search of 4 databases to identify all articles comparing AC and retrocolic (RC) reconstruction after PD or PPPD was performed.

Results:

Fifteen studies involving 2270 patients were included for final pooled analysis. The overall incidence of DGE was 27.2%. Meta-analysis results showed AC group had lower incidence of DGE (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16–0.52, P < .0001) and shorter hospital length of stay (weight mean difference, −3.29; 95% CI, −5.2 to −1.39, P = .0007). Days until to liquid and solid diet in the AC group were also significantly earlier than that in the RC group (P = .0006 and P < .0001). There was no difference in operative time, incidence of pancreatic fistula and bile leakage, and mortality, respectively.

Conclusions:

AC route of GJ after PD or DJ after PPPD is associated with a lower incidence of DGE. However, the preferred route for GJ or DJ reconstruction remains to be investigated in well-powered, randomized, controlled trial.
Urethral diverticular with broadly squamous metaplasia in a patient with urethral diverticular calculi
Authors: Sun Yi , Tang Cai , Bai Yun-jin , Li Na , Yang Lu , Wei Qiang , Wei Xin , Shen Hong
Published: August 2019

Rationale:

There are already several reports concerning the occurrence of urethral diverticulum (UD) in female patients, but only rarely has a article describing UD combined with UD calculi or squamous carcinoma been published. Moreover, a case with squamous carcinoma and UD calculi at the same time has never been reported, making this the first case report about this condition.

Patient concerns:

A 43-year-old woman presented to the gynaecology department with a complaint of a hard mass beneath the anterior vaginal wall.

Diagnoses:

Transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) revealed a UD.

Interventions:

We performed a standard urethral diverticular excision. Intraoperatively, we identified and removed a stone from the diverticulum. The intraoperative finding of a stone challenged the diagnosis of UD, with subsequent histological examination of biopsy tissue from the mass demonstrating broadly squamous metaplasia.

Outcomes:

The broadly squamous metaplasia predominantly originated from the stone, and the stone was entirely removed. No complications occurred during the whole follow-up period. Moreover, after the 12-month follow-up, there was no diverticular recurrence or carcinoma metastasis.

Lessons:

UD calculi may be considered a risk factor for female urethra squamous metaplasia, which with the potential of squamous carcinoma, so patients will be advised to treat this condition immediately.
Diagnosis accuracy of Raman spectroscopy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Kang Weibiao , Chen Changyu , Shi Xinxin , Yang Yang , Yu Changjun
Published: August 2019

Background:

The clinical significance of Raman spectroscopy (RS) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients still remains underestimated. We performed this meta-analysis to elucidate the diagnostic value in CRC patients.

Methods:

We systematically searched electronic databases for published articles. Fixed effect model and random effect model were used to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and positive posttest probability (PPP) of CRC. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were conducted to assess potential source of heterogeneity. We also used Egger linear regression tests to assess risk of publication bias.

Results:

Thirteen studies had been included (679 patients: 186 with premalignant lesions and 493 with malignant lesions). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, PLR, NLR, DOR and PPP for CRC screening using RS were 0.94 (0.92–0.96), 0.94 (0.88–0.97), 0.96 (0.94–0.98), 16.44 (7.80–34.63), 0.062 (0.043–0.090), 263.65 (99.03–701.96) and 86%, respectively.

Conclusion:

RS is a potentially useful tool for future CRC screening. It also offers potentially early detection for CRC patients.
Association between the persistent organic pollutants and polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Mei-wei , Wang Ying-ji
Published: August 2019

Background:

Current evidence concerning the association between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is inconsistent. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the role of POPs in PCOS.

Methods:

Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI will be searched to identify qualified studies. All qualified studies regarding the association between POPs and PCOS will be included. The primary outcome of the present study is POPs levels in serum of subjects. Pooled analysis with corresponding 95% confidence intervals will be performed.

Results:

The comprehensive analysis and quantitative assessment will provide a better understanding of POPs concentrations in patients with PCOS.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis and systematic review will generate evidence of the association between POPs and PCOS.

PROSPERO registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42019126373
Poor glycemic control and associated factors among diabetic patients in Ethiopia; A Systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Teklehaimanot Berhane Fseha , Berhe Abadi kidanemariam , Welearegawi Gebrehiwot Gebremariam
Published: August 2019

Introduction

The major global public health problems now days are diabetes especially the burden is high in low income countries including Ethiopia due to the limited resource for screening and early diagnosis of the diabetes. To prevent diabetic complications including organ damage and micro vascular complications blood glucose level should be maintained at an optimum level. However there was no pooled national picture on poor glycemic control and its associated factors.

Methods

Different data base searching engine including PubMed, Google scholar, the Cochrane library, MEDLINE,, HINARY and African journal online (AJOL) were used. The Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Tools and Newcastle Ottawa scale for assessing the quality of cross sectional studies were used for quality assessment. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software. I2 statistic and egger weighted regression were used to assess heterogeneity and publication bias.

Results

A total of 134 studies were identified from different database searching engines and other sources. After removing for duplication, absence of abstract and review of the full text 12 studies were including in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of poor glycemic control among diabetic patients in Ethiopia is 64.72% with 95% confidence interval 63.16-66.28%. The sub group analysis of poor glycemic control among diabetic patients in different region of the country shows consistent and high prevalence of poor glycemic control ranging from 62.5% in Tigray region to 65.6% in Oromia region of the country. Residence, dyslipidemia and diet adherence were significantly association with poor glycemic control among diabetic patients in Ethiopia.

Conclusion

The prevalence of poor glycemic control among diabetic patients was high in Ethiopia and consistent across different regions of the country. The most important factors associated with poor glycemic factor among diabetic patients were being rural residence, having dyslipidemia and not adhering to dietary plan.
ArrowSAM: In-Memory Genomics Data Processing Using Apache Arrow
Authors: Ahmad Tanveer , Ahmed Nauman , Peltenburg Johan , Al-Ars Zaid
Published: August 2019

The rapidly growing size of genomics data bases, driven by advances in sequencing technologies, demands fast and cost-effective processing. However, processing this data creates many challenges, particularly in selecting appropriate algorithms and computing platforms. Computing systems need data closer to the processor for fast processing. Traditionally, due to cost, volatility and other physical constraints of DRAM, it was not feasible to place large amounts of working data sets in memory. However, new emerging storage class memories allow storing and processing big data closer to the processor. In this work, we show how the commonly used genomics data format, Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM), can be presented in the Apache Arrow in-memory data representation to benefit of in-memory processing and to ensure better scalability through shared memory objects, by avoiding large (de)-serialization overheads in cross-language interoperability. To demonstrate the benefits of such a system, we propose ArrowSAM, an in-memory SAM format that uses the Apache Arrow framework, and integrate it into genome pre-processing pipelines including BWA-MEM, Picard and Sambamba. Results show 15x and 2.4x speedups as compared to Picard and Sambamba, respectively. The code and scripts for running all workflows are freely available at https://github.com/abs-tudelft/ArrowSAM.
MCL-1 inhibition by selective BH3 mimetics disrupts mitochondrial dynamics in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Rasmussen Megan L. , Taneja Nilay , Neininger Abigail C. , Wang Lili , Shi Linzheng , Knollmann Bjorn C. , Burnette Dylan T. , Gama Vivian
Published: August 2019

MCL-1 is a well characterized inhibitor of cell death that has also been shown to be a regulator of mitochondrial dynamics in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). We used cardiomyocytes derived from hPSCs (hPSC-CMs) to uncover whether MCL-1 is crucial for cardiac function and survival. Inhibition of MCL-1 by BH3 mimetics, resulted in the disruption of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics as well as disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Interfering with MCL-1 function affects the homeostatic proximity of DRP-1 and MCL-1 at the outer mitochondrial membrane, resulting in decreased functionality of hPSC-CMs. BH3 mimetics targeting MCL-1 are promising anti-tumor therapeutics. Cardiomyocytes display abnormal functional cardiac performance even after caspase inhibition, supporting a non-apoptotic activity of MCL-1 in hPSC-CMs. Progression towards using BCL-2 family inhibitors, especially targeting MCL-1, depends on understanding not only its canonical function in preventing apoptosis, but also in the maintenance of mitochondrial dynamics and function.
Crystal structure and magnetic properties of bis[butyltris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)borato]iron(II)
Authors: Seredyuk Maksym , Znovjyak Kateryna , Fritsky Igor O. , Sliva Tatiana Y. , Slobodyanik Mykola S.
Published: August 2019

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Fe(C13H18BN6)2], contains two half independent complex molecules. In each complex, the FeII atom is located on an inversion center and is surrounded by two scorpionate ligand butyltris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)borate molecules that coordinate to the iron(II) ion through the N atoms of the pyrazole groups. The two independent complex molecules differ essentially in the conformation of the butyl substituents. In the crystal, the complex molecules are linked by a series of C—H...π interactions, which generate a supramolecular three-dimensional structure. At 120 K, the average Fe—N bond distance is 1.969 Å, indicating the low-spin state of the iron(II) atom, which does not change upon heating, as demonstrated by high-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements.