bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Organizational Culture, Work Motivation, Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance and the Implication on Organizational Performance
Authors: Evi Nurmilasari , Tine Yuliantini
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the effect of Organizational Culture (OC), Work Motivation (WM) and Transformational Leadership (TL) on Employee Performance (EP) and the implication on Organizational Performance (OP) in National Research and Innovation Agency. The research was conducted through the distribution of questionnaires, and the population of this study were employees of the National Research and Development Agency. That was done to 179 respondents using a quantitative approach. The approach used in this research is Structural Equation Model (SEM) based on variant or Partial Least Square (PLS) with Smart-PLS analysis tools 3.3.9. The results of this study are that Organizational Culture, Work Motivation has a significant positive effect on Employee Performance and Organizational Performance. Transformational Leadership has a significant negative effect on Employee Performance and Organizational Performance. Employee Performance has a significant positive effect on Organizational Performance.
Monitoring of macrolide resistanceassociated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium in Russia
Authors: Edelstein I.A. , Rudneva N.S. , Romanov A.V. , Zubareva L.M. , Kuzmenkov A.Yu. , Kolesnikova E.A. , Trushin I.V. , Borisov I.V. , Sukhanova L.N. , Akhmedova A.M. , Novikova O.P. , Kozlov R.S.
Published: July 2022

Objective.
To determine spectrum and prevalence of genetic determinants of resistance to macrolides in Mycoplasma genitalium in a Russian patient population.

Materials and Methods.
A total of 873 M. genitalium-positive samples from five geographical regions of Russia were investigated over the period of 2009–2019 using the previously developed protocol of real-time polymerase chain reaction (allows detecting any nucleotide substitutions in the 23S rRNA gene of M. genitalium at positions 2058, 2059, and 2611). The results were confirmed using Sanger sequencing.

Results.
The most frequent mutations associated with resistance to macrolides in M. genitalium were the following: A2058G (60.5%) and A2059G (30.2%). The relatively rare mutations were A2058T (7%) and C2611T (2.3%). In the studied period, there was no trend to increase in frequency of mutations associated with resistance to macrolides. The study results are presented as an open project on the AMRcloud platform (https://amrcloud.net/ru/project/demares/).

Conclusions.
Our data emphasize a need to introduce regular screening of M. genitalium-positive samples for the presence of macrolide resistance-associated mutations into clinical practice.
Elucidation of antibacterial activity of Bacillus sp. and Alcaligenes sp. metabolites against multidrug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Ullah Faheem , Zaman Sadir , Ullah Waheed , Ali Shandana , Qasim Muhammed , Muhammad Niaz , Mehmood Momina , Ali Navid , Khan Niamat
Published: July 2022

Different resistance mechanisms are involved in exhibiting resistance to different groups of antibiotics. Researchers are searching for new therapeutic options to encounter the emerging trend of microbial resistance. Bacteria were isolated from the extreme environment of Cholistan Desert and were screened for characterization. Potential metabolites that showed broad-spectrum activity were partially purified using silica gel chromatography and determined their minimum inhibitory concentration. A collection of 50 bacterial isolates from soil samples was screened for metabolite production and among them isolate R19 of Bacillus sp. and isolate A8 of Alcaligenes sp. had high similarity with strong antimicrobial metabolite producers. The growth of A8 was stable at slight acidic pH while R19 was best at neutral pH. Similarly, the best growth of A8 was observed at 37 °C while R19 at 35 °C. Minimum inhibitory concentration of purified compounds of Bacillus sp. were determined at concentration range of (3.12 – 100 %) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Shigella, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia and produced 10 – 25 mm zone of inhibition. Metabolites of Alcaligenes sp. were sufficient to inhibit the growth of all selected MDR bacteria at concentrations 12.25 – 100 % and shows 10 – 20 mm zone of inhibition. Bacillus sp. and Alcaligenes sp. can be used as producers of potential antibacterial metabolites. Proper utilization of selected metabolites can be helpful in combating emerging drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. In addition, further proteomic analysis and structural insight should be considered to elaborate their active ingredients and its efficacy.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИСКОВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА В ГРАЖДАНСКОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ
Authors: Габазов Т.С. , Мусаева Х.Т.
Published: July 2022

Настоящее исследование посвящено раскрытию сущностных положений и проблематик особенностей искового производства в гражданском судопроизводстве. Авторы научного исследования, в целях наиболее полного раскрытия функциональных аспектов искового производства, отображает общую характеристику обозначенного института, с раскрытием структуры каждого признака. Структурированный подход к систематизации общих положений и проблематик особенностей искового производства в гражданском судопроизводстве, направлен на выявление соответствующего процессуального вида права. Также отображается вывод о том, что, только путем внесения своевременных изменений в соответствующие нормы гражданского процессуального права Российской Федерации, в условиях развития информационно-телекоммуникационных технологий жизнедеятельности общества, направленных на совершенствования искового производства, можно достичь тех целей, которые преследует процессуальное право.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭКГ СТУДЕНТОВ И СТУДЕНТОК В ТРЕХ СТАНДАРТНЫХ И УСИЛЕННЫХ ОТВЕДЕНИЯХ
Authors: Магомедова З.А. , Батукаева Т.В. , Мунаева П.Х.
Published: July 2022

В работе проведено электрокардиографическое исследование временных параметров электрокардиограммы у студентов и студенток вуза. Причем, обследование временных параметров проведено не только в традиционно исследуемом втором стандартном, но в остальных двух стандартных и усиленных отведениях. В результате проведенного исследования было установлено наличие гендерных различий как в стандартных (первом и третьем), так и усиленных отведениях. По-видимому, проведение анализа электрической активности сердца, кроме традиционного второго, первом и третьем, а также в усиленных отведениях может более полно охарактеризовать электрическую активность сердца у лиц противоположного пола.
СКАЗКА КАК ЖАНР ФОЛЬКЛОРА
Authors: Альмурзаева П.Х. , Сакаева М.В. , Махмудов Т.-А.А.
Published: July 2022

Несмотря на то, что существует множество исследований фольклорных текстов разных стран и культур, устное народное творчество продолжает вызывать научный интерес ввиду многообразия сюжетов и мотивов, содержащихся в произведениях. Изучение сказочных текстов имеет важное значение для понимания культуры, обычаев, традиций, нравов, а также языковых особенностей любого народа. Исследование сказок несет неоценимый вклад в осознание культурного наследия народа. Это касается не только их отличительных особенностей в прошлом, но и характерных им базовых понятий и ценностей, которые и в настоящее время являются составляющими национального менталитета.
Духовную культуру любого народа невозможно представить без одного из важнейших её компонентов – фольклора. Народные сказки, как составляющие устного народного творчества, являются базовыми в традициях любых народов и оказывают огромное влияние на развитие сознания, мышления, восприятия и понимание окружающего мира, т.е. на формирование личности.
АДАПТИВНЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СТАТУСА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ В ВУЗЕ
Authors: Арсанукаев Д.Л. , Зайналабдиева Х.М. , Талхигова М.А. , Арсаханова Х.М. , Дозурабова А.С.
Published: July 2022

Регуляторная деятельность организма по поддержанию гомеостаза осуществляется взаимодействием отделов вегетативной нервной системы. От координации симпатического и парасимпатического отделов вегетативной нервной системы зависит избирательное вовлечение функциональных систем в реализацию адаптационных механизмов и состояние здоровья обучаемых в условиях учебной деятельности в высшем учебном заведении [2].
Актуальность. В высшие учебные заведения приходят абитуриенты с разными адаптационными возможностями и неравными социально-бытовыми условиями, что сказывается на формировании адаптационных механизмов функциональных систем организма к новым условиям. По мнению большинства исследователей, функциональная нагрузка является серьезной угрозой для здоровья обучаемых, так как ее масштабы из года в год растут, сегодня функциональную нагрузку испытывают десятки тысяч студентов в пределах всей страны.
Неудивительно, когда на фоне психологического неблагополучия происходит начало или обострение уже имеющихся соматических заболеваний. Этим объясняется рост нервно-психических расстройств у студентов последние несколько десятилетий. В связи с этим актуально изучение влияния психоэмоционального статуса студентов на процесс обучения [1, 3].
РЕЧЕВОЙ ЭТИКЕТ КАК КОМПОНЕНТ КОММУНИКАТИВНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ФРАНЦУЗСКОЙ И ВАЙНАХСКОЙ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУР)
Authors: Дзейтова Х.Б. , Юсупова С.С.-А.
Published: July 2022

Статья посвящена речевому этикету французской и вайнахской лингвокультур. Анализ проводится на основе ряда параметров оценки коммуникативного поведения представителей разных этносов.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ В НЕЯЗЫКОВОМ ВУЗЕ
Authors: Идразова Э.С.-А.
Published: July 2022

В настоящее время вопрос об изучении и методах преподавания иностранного языка в неязыковых вузах является весьма актуальным. Актуальность данного вопроса (изучение в неязыковых вузах иностранного языка) в настоящее время становится ещё более насущней из-за стремительного технического прогресса. Все научные области, а особенно это касается точных наук, не смогут в достаточной степени развиваться без постоянной и надёжной информации в научной области. Главные задачи преподавателей – это сделать процесс обучения интересным не только в плане изучения языка, но и в плане специальности, так, чтобы изучаемый материал был полезен для студентов и привлекал их в процессе обсуждения.
В высших учебных заведениях иностранный язык - это важная составляющая в процессе подготовки профессионального будущего специалиста. Это обязательный и органический компонент.
РОЛЬ МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ В ОБУЧЕНИИ ИНОСТРАННОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
Authors: Удиева З.А.
Published: July 2022

Статья посвящена формированию межкультурной коммуникации при обучении иностранному языку. При формировании языковой личности обучающегося особое значение имеет языковая компетенция, т.е. учащийся должен владеть полученными знаниями в изучаемом языке и уметь их использовать на практике.
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ В СФЕРЕ ТРУДОВОЙ МИГРАЦИИ
Authors: Аслаханова С.А. , Бексултанова Х.А. , Джанхотова П.М.
Published: July 2022

В статье рассмотрены основы государственной миграционной политики и нормативно-правовое обеспечение, сопровождающее реализацию данной политики. Цель государственной миграционной политики – достижение необходимого и качественного набора экономически активных трудовых ресурсов для страны-импортера. Миграционная политика государства строится по двум основным потокам рабочей силы: иммиграция и эмиграция рабочей силы. Цели государственной эмиграционной политики в от-ношении трудовых иммигрантов – сокращение безработицы, обеспечение притока валюты в экономику страны в виде переводов от трудовых эмигрантов. Но самое главное – правильное, эффективное управление иммиграционными процессами для своевременного реагирования на возникновение непредвиденных ситуаций.
Religion as a Factor in Spreading of Languages: Research Studies in the Context of Latin, Sanskrit and Arabic
Authors: Bibi Fatima , Yusuf Dr. Shahida
Published: July 2022

Expansion of a language is a continuous process. To understand the spread of a language. We have to travel from one region to another and from one era to another. We have to take care of even the smallest detail during this journey while traveling in the realm of time and space. Here’s nothing useless, futile, or absurd. Many precious ideas can be derived from the absurdities of cultural and so-called religious phenomena. In such a way, we can be able to understand the manners and methodology of the expansion of a language or some certain languages. In this article too, an attempt has been made to review how religion plays a vital role and has a far-reaching effect in the perspective of Latin, Sanskrit, and Arabic language through an interdisciplinary study such as sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and history.
Islamic Principles of Human Resource Development and Their Relevance to Oraganizational Performance
Authors: Hayat Dr. Amir , Rabia Dr. Sumera
Published: July 2022

Total number of skilled and knowledgeable people available in a society are called its human resources. In organizational context, workforce is termed as human resource of that organization. Recent studies have shown a positive link between human resource development and organizational performance. Business organizations incorporate several strategies to develop their human resources to achieve the objective of higher productivity and performance. In global business environment, where local cultures and beliefs are part of organizational development policies, Islamic values cannot be denied. Although HRD is new concept however its basic functions are deep rooted into old concepts of knowledge and skill development. Islam also presents its unique perspectives on human development. In Quran and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet there are many guidelines that refine the personalities of the personnel. Islamic concepts of vicegerent hood, knowledge acquisition, training, accountability, etc are essential constituents of HRD function in Islam. These values positively affect human personality that ultimately results in organizational productivity and performance. Through qualitative analysis important attributes of HRD in Islamic context are highlighted in this paper. It is concluded that Islamic framework of HRD is holistic in nature and provides basis for individual as well as organizational performance enhancement.
Non-Maintenance Creates the Right of Separation for Woman: A Study of Shariah Law and Pakistani Court Practices”
Authors: Riaz Dr. Shehla , Begum Dr. Salma
Published: July 2022

Islamic law enjoins the husband to maintain his wife and also gives the right to wife for separation when her husband fails or neglects to provide her maintenance. The right of separation on ground of non-maintenance is also acknowledged in Section 2 of Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act 1939.  The paper focuses to analyze the Islamic law regarding separation due to non-Maintenance and courts practices in Pakistan. The paper intends to know: what are the reasons on which Islamic Law allows a wife to ask for separation? What are the Jurists opinions regarding separation due to non-maintenance? what is the procedure that is followed in the court to dissolve the marriage on ground of non-maintenance? What are the difficulties faced by the woman in demanding the separation through the court on ground of non-Maintenance? The research follows the qualitative research method to identify the difference between theoretical framework and practical application of laws. The paper concludes that although the grounds of separation in Islamic law are incorporated in various Pakistani law but the application of these laws in courts is different.
Muslim Intellectual Scholarship and Modern Nation States (A case Study of Syed Abul Ala Mawdudi’s Views)
Authors: Muddassir Abdul Rehman , Ali Dr. Sher
Published: July 2022

Syed Abu al ala Maududi was a renowned Muslim scholar. He changed the political and religious trends in the sub-continent through his scholarly work. He took an active part in the freedom movement for a separate homeland for the Muslims of the sub-continent. Syed Maududi passed away in 1979 and was buried in Lahore. Syed Maududi has a different political his own political doctrine and a different political ideology. He started his political movement on his own logical agenda rather than adopting Sufism; though having deep insight into political affairs. In the 20th century, when the Nation-States came into being as the result of the New World Order after the 2nd world war and a couple of Muslim States appeared around the world globe. These states are based on the theory of nationalism, not Islamic Ideology. Syed Abu al ala Maududi keenly observed all these scenarios. He was a great critic of nationalism and considers it fatal and poisonous for a Muslim state. He considered it a great weakness for the Muslim states around the world and presented the Islamic political system in its true spirit.
Influence of Western Economic Thoughts on Islamic Civilization: A Research Study
Authors: Gulzar Dr. Sadia
Published: July 2022

In the contemporary world, Western civilization is emerging as the most dominating and influential civilization. It is also affecting other civilizations in several ways. One of the major reasons for its dominance is its financial strength and economic stability. Every economic agenda of the West has a particular purpose. For instance, the International Monetary Fund and World Bank are the products of Western civilization. They offer conditional financial support to the developing countries and thus weaken them financially. It is also included in the agenda of the West to access and occupy the mineral resources of Islamic countries. Contrary to this, Islam condemns exploitation and Islamic countries have no space for any such economic policy which may harm anyone. The growing tendency of international consumerism has also given rise to extravagance in Islamic societies. Similarly, the dominance of the materialistic West has also made the members of Islamic society materialistic in the sense that they no longer seem to be concerned with the financial conditions of their fellow Muslims. While Islam is a religion that makes its followers seek the welfare of each other.  The purpose of this research paper is to examine the effects of Western civilization on Islamic civilization. This research is a humble attempt to delve into the issue and identify ways and means to restore the lost place of Islamic civilization in the modern world. The research paper follows content analysis.
Contemporary Intellectual Conflict and Modern Requirements for Da'wah and Strategies
Authors: Yousuf Dr. Faridah , Akthar Dr. Naseem
Published: July 2022

Islam as a last seal of revealed religions, it is obligatory in Islam for its followers to preach and spread the last and final message of Allah to the world. Globalization made it much easier to interact with different sects, ethnic groups, nations and religions; which results in a dire need to put more effort in spreading the message of Islam.   Though it is a fact that besides the sincere efforts of different preaching groups of Islam the required results are still needed to be achieved. That’s why it is important to made reforms in the methods of preaching to face and counter the challenges of contemporary scenario. This article focuses on the responsibility of preacher and objectives of preaching so the preacher clearly understands the objectives behind the spreading of the message of Islam and exert his/her all abilities to fulfill the task. Because in recent times in order to convey the message of Islam the preacher have to face many challenges and problems. That is why the preaching should be given with wisdom, humility, sincerity, persistence and according to the environment. At the end this study focuses on the strategies of preaching so preacher understand the basic elements of preaching to attain the required result.
MINAT BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN (PKN) DI LINGKUNGAN SEKITAR
Authors: Putri Riska Tiara , Hasibuan Ahmad Tarmizi , Melati Selfia
Published: July 2022

Pendidikan kewarganegaraan merupakan mata pelajaran wajib pada anak sekolah dasar, mata pelajaran ini memiliki tujuan patriotisme sejak dini. Minat siswa dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan kurang menarik disebabkan metode atau cara pembelajaran yang kurang menarik, kreativ, daan inovatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa sekolah dasar pada mata pelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan. penelitian menggunakan metode deskrptif kualitatif dangan teknik wawancara kepada peserta didik yang terpilih. Metode ini dilakukan dengan melihat dan mewawancarai responden yang terpilih yang mana subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar yang berjumlah 20 siswa, yang terdiri dari 10 siswa perempuan dan 10 siswa laki laki yang beralamat di Jl.Taduan,  pancing, Sumatera Utara. Dan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan kurang diminati. Kurangnya minat belajar siswa terhadap pembelajaran PKN ini di sebabkan metode dan strategi pembelajaran yang kurang menarik dan bersifat membosankan.
THE ACTIVITIES OF CITY SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES OF THE PERM PROVINCE IN THE LAST QUARTER OF THE XIX CENTURY (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE NEWSPAPER «YEKATERINBURGSKAYA NEDELYA»)
Authors: PLOTNIKOVA GALINA , PLOTNIKOV SERGEY
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the reflection of the activities of the city governments of the Perm province in the local media in the last quarter of the 19th century. Yekaterinburgskaya Nedelya (1879-1896), the first private newspaper published in the region, is considered as an information source. It is concluded that its correspondents regularly introduced readers to the ups and downs of elections to city dumas, their composition, dates of meetings and issues discussed at them. The materials of the newspaper give a detailed idea of the main activities of the city self-government bodies, their close connection with the zemstvos and the provincial administration. The publication often printed the notes with a critical assessment of the activities of the city self-government bodies of the province. Yekaterinburgskaya Nedelya was a social institution that contributed to the formation of the beginnings of civil society in the Russian provinces in the last quarter of the 19th century.
ABOUT AN IMPOSSIBLE POSSIBILITY: THE INTERSECTION POINTS OF S. P. DIAGHILEV AND E. WARHOL AS AN UNFULFILLED DREAM OF RECOGNIZING ONESELF
Authors: IAKOVLEVA ELENA
Published: July 2022

The object of the article is an impossible possibility in the form of an imaginary meeting between Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev and Andy Warhol. The methods of research are biographical, intellectual game of imagination and the method of analogies. They helped to combine facts from the biographies of the impresario and the artist, creating an intermediate imaginary world of their possible meeting. Among the traits that can attract the attention of men to each other, loneliness, sexual orientation, the position of an outcast in society, attachment to the mother, passion for PR campaigns and practices of insignificance are noted. The meeting could change the optics of self-perception, harmonize them and promote cooperation.
Approaches to the Legal Regulation of the Financial Markets of the EU and Ukraine: the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Martova Yulia
Published: July 2022

This article analyses the legal regulation of financial markets in the EU and Ukraine during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article analyses the responses of regulators in financial markets to counteract the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in financial markets. The article examines the approaches to the legal regulation of financial markets and determines their effectiveness in crisis management.
Ewa Salkiewicz-Munnerlyn, Bartolomiej Zylka. Russia’s Aggression Against Ukraine
Authors: Salkiewicz-Munnerlyn Ewa , Zylka Bartolomiej
Published: July 2022

This article will present the legal and political issues arising from Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, which will be developed in subsequent articles. The situation is «dynamic» and therefore one should act quickly, both through politi-cal and judicial bodies of the UN.
Transformation of regional identity in Czechia: Case study of partly deinstitutionalized Bohemia and Moravia from the viewpoint of the Bohemian-Moravian borderland inhabitants
Authors: Marek Petr
Published: July 2022

The article discusses the transformation of regional identity – both “identity of region” and “regional identity of people” – of partly deinstitutionalized Bohemia and Moravia in Czechia. It aims to understand better the role of “new” regional identities in the transformation of “old”/historical regional identities. A questionnaire survey with 454 inhabitants of the Bohemian-Moravian borderland revealed the crucial impact of the “new” administrative regions, not respecting historical boundaries, in the transformation of the “old”/historical regions’ territorial shape. This is connected with a change in regional identity of people. The names of “new” regions play a crucial role here, but their catchment areas are also important. The regional identity of people can be seen as another substantial institution reproducing historical regions since people’s (non-)identification with historical regions contributes to the transformation of these regions‘ identity, too. The results also show that the Czech Lands still exist as perceptual regions in people’s consciousness and are important for the identification of many people and regional activism alike.
Theoretical Study on Formamide (NH2CHO) and Methylidene (CH2) Reactions for the Formation of Interstellar N-Methylformamide
Authors: Shivani  , Ahamad Aftab , Singh Manisha , Singh Keshav , Misra Alka , Tandon Poonam
Published: July 2022

N-methylformamide (NMF), E & Z containing an amide bond, a vital component of peptides, is one of the simplest derivatives of formamides. It is detected towards the hot molecular core of the Sgr B2(N2) molecular cloud with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). It is proposed that the radical-molecule mechanism can be used as a strong contrivance to investigate the formation of NMF in the interstellar medium (ISM) via some interstellar molecules like methylidene CH2(1Σ1 & 3Σ1) and formamide (NH2CHO). The density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) has been applied to study the mechanisms. All the possible cases of E- & Z-NMF formation with singlet and triplet CH2 have been investigated. It is found that the formation of E-NMF with CH2(1Σ1) and Z-NMF with CH2(3Σ1) is more feasible and favorable in comparison to E-NMF formation from CH2(3Σ1) and Z-NMF with CH2(1Σ1).
A First Year of Discovery
Authors: Papovich Casey
Published: July 2022

The first images from the largest and most advanced orbiting optical observatory to date—NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope—will be released on July 12. As one of the scientists who will be using the Webb, Casey Papovich examines how it may help answer deep questions about the nature of exoplanets and the formation of the first galaxies following the Big Bang.
How Did Covid 19 Affect Strategic Goods? A Study Using the Scenario Method
Authors: Saadaoui Sawssan , Benmeriem Mohamed , Abdelli Hanane , Gheraia Zouheyr
Published: July 2022

Based on a review of literature dealing with the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on international transactions, it should be noted that this pandemic in the world has led to a radical change in several areas. In this article, we have chosen to focus on the sectors that are strongly affected by this pandemic, namely the oil sector and not forgetting to study fluctuations related to the metals sector (gold). Indeed, the oil sector is a market that is well affected by this pandemic, which has caused significant price fluctuations. That is why this study is trying to identify the impact of this pandemic on this sector. Similarly, due to the lack of stability in the prices of metals (particularly gold), this leads us to analyze and process these fluctuations in order to determine the effect caused by the pandemic. Finally, to clarify our research questions, a study based on the scenario model is retained to identify the impact of Covid-19 on each of these variables, at the beginning and to verify the effect between all these variables, thereafter. The obtained results demonstrate that the pandemic affects negatively Oil prices. On the contrary, the high number of infected people leads to the rise in gold price during the forecast period.
Paris Peace Conference of 1919–1920 and Prospects of the Belarusian Statehood
Authors: Miazga Nikolai
Published: July 2022

One of the most important outcomes of the First World War was the collapse of empires that existed in Central and Eastern Europe. The Entente countries and the United States at the final stage of the war put forward the slogan of the right of nations to self-determination. This created prerequisites for building of their statehood by a number of peoples of the region. Belarusians were among them. The BPR (Belarusian People's republic) and SSRB were proclaimed. The process of formation of the Belarusian national statehood took place in the context of new system of international relations formation and its success largely depended on foreign policy conditions.
The main elements of a new international order for Europe were laid down at the Paris Conference. The "Belarusian" question did not receive an independent sound in Paris. The interests of Belarus were touched upon when the participants of the conference discussed "Polish" and "Russian" issues that were closely related to each other. The problem of defining the Polish eastern borders was of crucial importance for Belarus. The Entente states stood for the formation of an independent Polish state within ethnic borders. This created prerequisites for preserving the territorial integrity of Belarus. However, the Polish ruling circles overcame the negative attitude of the Entente towards the expansion of Poland beyond its ethnic borders with the help of a fait accompli policy. At the same time, the Poles positioned the concept of the federation in front of the Entente as realization of the right of the "Eastern Kresy" peoples, including Belarusians, to self-determination.
 
The Polish expansion to the east did not meet real opposition from the Entente, as it was interested in Poland as an anti-Bolshevik force, an element of the "sanitary cordon". The BNR delegation, which arrived in Paris, did not find support from Western politicians in recognizing the independence of the Belarusian state. The decisions of the Paris Conference provided for the preservation of the integrity of Belarus, but not as an independent state, but as part of Russia.
“In a Propaganda Hall”: Red Ekaterinburg through Francis Mccullagh’s Eyes
Authors: Nechiporuk Dmitrii
Published: July 2022

Among the numerous ego-documents, which were written by foreigners about Russia in the epoch of the Civil War, the reminiscences on the dramatic events in the Ural and Siberia holds a unique place. А travelogue of the Irish journalist Francis McCullagh (1874–1956), «A Prisoner of the Reds: the Story of a British Officer Captured in Siberia» (1921), who visited Russia as a member of Knox’s British military mission, has been an important evidence of political events in Ural in the first half of 1920. Nevertheless, McCullagh was watching the Civil War as a war journalist. He judged events in Russia through the prism of his personal religious and political beliefs. He was detained by the Bolsheviks in January 1920 in Krasnoyarsk, along with a group of British officers. However, McCullagh managed to conceal the reasons for his stay in Siberia and passed himself off as a journalist. This allowed him to travel by train from the East to the West toward the Finnish border to leave the country safely. In Siberia and Ural, he traveled through Novo-Nikolayevsk, Omsk, and Yekaterinburg. After reaching Moscow, McCullagh was arrested by the Cheka in April 1920 and spent several days in the Lubyanka prison. In May 1920 the journalist was finally able to leave Russia and return to London.
 
The memoirs of McCullagh are of interest for several reasons. Firstly, the book was written as a response to the tendentious portrayal of Bolshevism in Anglo-American journalism, although the author himself was not a supporter of the Communism. Secondly, McCullagh's religious nonconformism, his strong anti-Anglicanism sentiment, defined his perception of the Bolsheviks. He repeatedly compares the anti-religious policies of the Bolsheviks and anti-Catholic propaganda in the Great Britain. Thirdly, McCullagh's publications and speeches in the Anglo-American press were important evidence in favor of the version of the violent death of the Royal family at the hands of the Bolsheviks. The journalist believed that the tragic events were the initiative of the local Bolsheviks. During his stay in Ekaterinburg, he conducted his own investigation of the causes of the death of the Imperial family. Fourth, a significant part of the book is devoted to Yekaterinburg, the city where McCullagh stayed three times in 1918-1920. Besides describing the daily life of Yekaterinburg, McCullagh explains the reasons of the Kolchak army defeat in the Urals.
External and own «strangers»: Belorussian history textbooks about the German occupation regime and Belorussian collaborators during the great patriotic war
Authors: Gronsky Alexander
Published: July 2022

The article explores how the «strangers» are represented in the modern school textbooks on the history of Belorussia. The period of the Great Patriotic War has been chosen for analysis, because it is the event that is most seriously presented in historical memory. The Great Patriotic War is used by the Belorussian propaganda to form a modern sense of patriotism. The «strangers» during the war are divided into two types: «external strangers» — Germany, the Wehrmacht, the occupation authorities, and «own strangers» — persons who collaborated with the occupation regime, collaborators. In the Belorussian textbooks of the latest generation, which are currently being used in schools, there are images of «external strangers». The «external strangers» are presented as the organizers of the genocide of the civilian population, seeking to destroy the established situation. The textbooks reflect the struggle of Belorussians with the «external strangers». However, in the Belorussian textbook published in 2019 there is no mention of the «own strangers» — Belorussians who collaborated with the occupation regime. This information was presented in the textbooks of the previous generation. The Belorussian collaboration was assessed negatively. The current state of affairs can be partly explained by the foreign policy situation. Since 2014 the Belorussian authorities have been actively resisting Russian-Belorussian integration. The government has eased pressure on the Belorussian opposition, which has begun to actively support the official authorities in resisting integration. The Belorussian opposition uses the same symbols used by the Belorussian collaborators during the war. First of all, the white-red-white flag. For some time, the official authorities did not need the symbols of the opposition to be associated with collaboration. However, in August 2020, mass protests against the results of the presidential elections burst out in Belorussia. The main symbols of those protests were white-red-white flags. The authorities had a need to discredit the white-red-white flag by pointing out that it was actively used by the Belorussian collaborators. The textbook returned the mention of the «own strangers» of the war, as well as the mention of the kind of symbols that the «own strangers» used at that time.
«Old London»: Reconstruction of a XVIIth Century Street at Exhibitions of the 1880s
Authors: Antonova Lidia
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the experience of an original exhibition experiment – the reconstruction of XVII th century buildings at the sites of international exhibitions of the 1880s in London. The circumstances of the origin of the idea and implementation in South Kensington «Streets of Old London» are considered. It was an eclectic set of buildings that really existed in the British capital before the 1666 Great Fire and reproduced in almost original form in 1884. Based on exhibition documents, press publications and photographs, a description is given to the appearance of the «street» and its place within the expositions.
Based on photographs and printed sources, a description of the buildings themselves is given: typical urban residential buildings, shops, churches, etc. It is concluded that this example illustrates the educational function of the thematic exhibitions in London, their close interweaving with the problems of the city's architecture, as well as the temporality and transiency of such structures. The last is a characteristic feature of the exhibition space.
Antique plots and heroes in the works of the Decembrists and their environment
Authors: Kudryavtseva Tatyana
Published: July 2022

The paper examines some antique plots and images found in articles and personal sources of the Decembrists and their environment. The articles of N. I. Kutuzov, I. M. Muravyev-Apostol, personal correspondence of A. F. Brigen, N. A. Bestuzhev, V. I. Steinheil, entries from the personal diary of V. K. Küchelbecker, memoirs of M. I. Muravyev-Apostol and N. A. Bestuzhev, poetic works of V. F. Rayevsky, F. N. Glinka, K. F. Ryleev were used for the analysis. Among the ancient characters found in the works of the Decembrists, the Athenian sage Socrates and the Roman politician Marcus Porcius Cato Uticus stand out in particular.The use of references to Ancient Greek and Roman history and personalities inthe works of the Decembrists and their circle is explained by the role that Antiquity played in the education and enlightenment of Russian noble society in the early 19th century. The cult of Antiquity, which was typical to the era of neoclassicism, also played its role, as well as the fact that Russian civil republicanism, born in the Decembrist movement, widely used ancient heroes and their deeds to express the ideas of freedom and fighting against tyranny.Antiquity was the language of communication, as well as the language in which the thoughts, ideals, feelings, aspirations of the Russian educated class were expressed;the entire Russian text culture of the early 19th century was permeated by the inscriptions in this "language", and both its representatives and those to whom it addressed easily deciphered and interpreted these references.
UN Relief Agency for Palestine Refugees in Near East in 1956–1967: a Case of a Humanitarian Action
Authors: Alisov Makar
Published: July 2022

Following the outbreak of hostilities between Israel and the Arab states in 1948, a problem of Arab refugees from Palestine appeared. Presence of a large group of destitute people in such a strategically valuable region was posing a threat to the interests of the Unites States and the United Kingdom pressuring them to conduct measures of humanitarian relief. In 1950 United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) was established to facilitate material and rehabilitative needs of the Palestine refugees.
 
A period of Agency’s history between the Suez Crisis of 1956 and the Six-Day War of 1967 was a time of relatively stable and peaceful development. Its works and services were developing in general accordance with trends established in the first half of 1950s. Basic food rations remained the same, while the Agency continued to eliminate more self-sustaining refugees from the ration roll. Building programs took place in the refugee camps, aimed at replacing huts and tents with houses for Palestinians to live in. Public health improved dramatically due to the Agency’s advancements in preventative medicine.
 
By the end of 1950s the UNRWA change its approach to refugees’ rehabilitation and integration in the socio-economic systems of the Arab states bordering Palestine. From 1958 onwards education became a focal point in the Agency’s efforts to ensure refugees’ self-sustenance.
 
Despite visible progress and pragmatic measures, the UNRWA was not able to solve the humanitarian problem. The number of refugees continued to grow in spite of the Agency’s efforts to roll out an effective educational program. One of the primary reasons behind its inability to fully address the issue was lack of finances. Over-reliance on UN member states for funds made it impossible for the Agency to sustain costly operations necessary for full relief and rehabilitation of displaced persons. It is possible that most of the UN member states did not view large donations as a venture worth perusing, forcing UNRWA work with very limited resources.
Pattern of Injuries in Fatal Head Trauma Due to Road Traffic Accidents
Authors: M. N. Rajamani Bheem Rao  , A. Nirmala  , R. Raguram
Published: July 2022

Background: Head trauma is considered to be the major cause of death in road traffic accidents. According toworld health organisation, about 1.24 million deaths occur due to road traffic crashes. Particularly, the treatmentsfor head injury in the older aged people seems to be more complicated when compared to younger and middle agegroups. The aim of this study is to analyse and identify the significance and outcome of head trauma due to roadtraffic accidents of various age groups.Methods: This study was conducted on Madras Medical College, in the Department of Forensic Medicine,Chennai . a total of 200 fatal head injury case autopsies were performed. After obtaining the necessary and relevantinformation about the deceased, a thorough autopsy was performed and the findings were recorded.Result: Out of 200 cases, 83% were men and 44.5% were recorded to be between 31-50 age group. Fissure fractureof skull was found to be most prevalent (40.5%) and subdural haemorrhage was the common findings in headinjury (95%).Conclusion: The resultsof our study showed that most of the people who had accidents were pedestrian and twowheeler driving persons.
Lead Induced Oxidative Stress and Affected the Expression of Steroidogenesis -related Genes in Testis of Male Mice
Authors: Nahla Abdalla Hassan Elsheikh  , Nagmeldin Abd elwahid. Omer  , Li-lian  , Gen-Lin Wang
Published: July 2022

Background: Lead (Pb) is classified as a major risk factor affecting the male reproductive system; however, itsprecise mechanisms of action are poorly understood and inconsistent. This work aimed to investigate the effect ofPb toxicity on male reproductive function.Methods: Accordingly, in this study, adult male mice treated with Lead acetate (PbAc) by gavage (200 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. We analyzed sperm count and morphology, oxidative stress, and the expression of antioxidantand steroidogenesis -related genes in the testes of male mice.Results: Pb significantly (P<0.05) showed decreased body weight and sperm count, as well as significantly(P<0.05) increased the number of abnormal sperms and plasma testosterone level. The activities of superoxidedismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (Cat) were significantly decreased, whereasthe level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased in the testis of mice treated by Pb. The mRNAlevels of antioxidant-related genes (SOD1, GPX1, and CAT) were significantly decreased following Pb treatment.Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in the steroidogenic pathway, including steroidogenic acuteregulatory protein (Star), cytochromeP-450scc (Cyp11a1), 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD),3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and cytochrome P450, family 17 (Cyp17), were significantly (P<0.05)decreased after exposure to Pb.Conclusion: In conclusion, Pb disrupts male reproductive function by inducing oxidative stress, negativelyregulating the mRNA expressions of steroidogenesis and antioxidant -related genes, and ultimately reducingsperm quality and quantity.
Thiophene/selenophene-based S-shaped double helicenes: regioselective synthesis and structures
Authors: Wang Mengjie , Dang Lanping , Xu Wan , Ma Zhiying , Shao Liuliu , Wang Guangxia , Li Chunli , Wang Hua
Published: July 2022

2,5-Di(trimethylsilanyl)dithieno[2,3-b:3′,2′-d]thiophene ((TMS)2-bb-DTT), 2,5-di(trimethylsilanyl)diseleno[2,3-b:3′,2′-d]thiophene ((TMS)2-bb-DST), and 2,5-di(trimethylsilanyl)diseleno[2,3-b:3′,2′-d] selenophene ((TMS)2-bb-DSS) were used as starting materials to synthesize three S-shaped double helicenes (i.e., DH-1, DH-2, and DH-3) through monobromination, formylation, the Wittig reaction, and double oxidative photocyclization. The photocyclization was a highly regioselective process. The molecular structures of DH-1 and DH-2 were confirmed by X-ray single-crystal analysis. Multiple intermolecular interactions, such as C–S, C–Se, S–S, S–Se, and Se–Se, were observed in the crystal packing structures of these compounds. Spectroscopic results and our previous work showed that the combination of molecular structure change and heteroatom replacement from S to Se could precisely modulate molecular energy levels.
The stereochemical course of 2-methylisoborneol biosynthesis
Authors: Gu Binbin , Hou Anwei , Dickschat Jeroen S
Published: July 2022

Both enantiomers of 2-methyllinalyl diphosphate (2-Me-LPP) were synthesized enantioselectively using Sharpless epoxidation as a key step and purification of enantiomerically enriched intermediates through HPLC separation on a chiral stationary phase. Their enzymatic conversion with 2-methylisoborneol synthase (2MIBS) demonstrates that (R)-2-Me-LPP is the on-pathway intermediate, while a minor formation of 2-methylisoborneol from (S)-2-Me-LPP may be explained by isomerization to 2-Me-GPP and then to (R)-2-Me-LPP.
Exploits of blockchain technology in supply chain finance: a blockchain-as-a-service perspective for Ghana’s SMEs
Authors: Boakye Elijah Asante , Zhao Hongjiang , Adu-Damoah Millicent , Amankwah Edward
Published: July 2022

The implementation of blockchain technology in supply chain finance (BcSCF) offers a conducive way for entrepreneurial financing. Extending the resource-based view (RBV), a traditional perspective approach is espoused to trigger scholarly discussions, pining the development of research fronts on Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS) in addressing small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) financing constraints. This paper suggests that, despite the operational challenges of blockchains and the necessity to focus on core business activities, BaaS is promising, with significant efforts in terms of cost-savings, efficiency, and reliability with reduced risks. This study provides insight on BaaS contributions to fostering entrepreneurial finance as well as contributing to the literature on the accomplishments of BaaS within BcSCF provisions for particularly Ghanaian SMEs. Therefore, detailed studies into the viability of technologically-enabled types of SME finance are essential, necessitating more research. Resultantly, some forward-thinking research issues for researchers in the disciplines of innovation, technology, entrepreneurship, finance, and decision science have been presented.
Increased risk for subsequent primary lung cancer among female hormone-related cancer patients: a meta-analysis based on over four million cases
Authors:   Department of Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wang Yan , Song Wenpeng , Zhou Sicheng , Tian Jie , Dong Yingxian , Li Jue , Chang Junke , Wu Yongming , Zhu Guonian , Li Yangqian , Wang Zhoufeng , Che Guowei
Published: July 2022

Review question / Objective: To identify the risk of lung cancer in FHRC patients compared to the general population. Condition being studied: The incidence rate of lung cancer in women is obviously increasing over the past decade and previous evidence have indicated the significant relationship between disturbances in hormone levels and the risk of lung cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized female hormone-related cancer (FHRC), including the breast, endometrial, cervix, and ovary cancer, patients may experience a higher risk of developing subsequent lung cancer.