bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simone Weil: o sofrimento como pathos da Filosofia
Authors: Valle Bortolo
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho toma como objeto de investigação o pensamento de Simone Weil. A filósofa francesa, deixando de lado um imperativo acadêmico, típico da filosofia do século XIX, reclama para si o assombro, o espanto, aquilo que no início, ou seja, nos primórdios da filosofia grega, possibilitou a emergência do filosofar. A marca de seu pensamento é evidenciada mais pela emoção do que pelo exercício racional. Assim, procuramos apresentar, neste estudo, a maneira como o sofrimento, enquanto pathos, constitui a fonte do pensamento da autora, capaz de captar a essência do homem. O breve itinerário destaca, a princípio, utilizando a reflexão de Heidegger, a noção de pathos e percorre a partir daí, a particularidade do sofrimento destacando a noção violência e de força para chegar, finalmente, a realidade do malheur como elemento mais original no entendimento daquilo que é reservado à Filosofia como instância que pode compreender a condição humana.
Discursos y recorridos en la corporalidad del tiempo-espacio
Authors: Rodas Hilderman Cardona
Published: September 2019

La filosofía del Kant pone de manifiesto, como él mismo lo expresó, un “despertar del sueño dogmático”, lo cual es fundamentado por un giro copernicano en la filosofía occidental. Este artículo despliega algunas reflexiones sobre este giro filosófico que puede ser entendido en el vínculo entre cuerpo, tiempo-espacio y lenguaje, donde las fórmulas poéticas: el tiempo se sale de sus goznes, yo soy otro y lo más profundo de lo humano es la piel, permiten abrir un panorama comprensivo sobre el problema de la razón, el entendimiento y la sensibilidad de la estética trascendental kantiana. Por ello, el giro copernicano preconizado por Kant se guía por su premisa según la cual “sólo conocemos de las cosas lo que nosotros mismos ponemos en ellas” (Crítica de la razón pura), derivando en el problema sobre las condiciones de posibilidad del conocimiento expresadas en la relación entre cuerpo, tiempo-espacio y lenguaje. Desde este último punto de vista, se plantea un análisis del esquematismo kantiano y del diagramatismo foucaultiano en lo que podría ser pensado como lo que late en la corporalidad de un habitar el mundo en aquello que proyectamos de nosotros mismos en los márgenes del lenguaje.
A doutrina teleológica das ciências, o princípio metodológico da evidência e a Teleologia originária em Husserl
Authors: Tourinho Carlos Diógenes Côrtes
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo encontra-se dividido em três partes. Inicialmente, apresenta a doutrina teleológica das ciências na fenomenologia de Husserl. Em seguida, concentra-se sobre o “princípio metodológico da evidência”, de acordo com o qual as ciências não apenas querem formular juízos sobre objetos, mas fundá-los na evidência. Na terceira parte, o artigo aborda a “hierarquia das evidências”, na qual notamos que toda evidência predicativa implica em uma evidência pré-predicativa. O exame desta última revela, por fim, uma teleologia originária da vida intencional.
La morte patologica. Riflessioni a partire da Eugène Minkowski
Authors: Pagni Elena
Published: September 2019

Se è nel tempo e attraverso il movimento che partecipiamo alla vita, la morte ci nega per sempre questa possibilità. Nei sistemi viventi il tempo funge da organizzatore della situazione vitale dell’organismo. Il metabolismo e le funzioni vitali si compiono infatti attraverso lo scandire preciso e incalzante di ritmi biologici (tempo delle reazioni molecolari, il battito cardiaco, la respirazione). Con la morte si verifica il disgregamento della nozione di tempo. Non si tratta più del tempo della vita che unisce, che coordina, che costruisce, che organizza. Il tempo della morte è un tempo che distrugge, che disgrega, che disorienta, che sfilaccia l’unità della nostra esistenza nei frammenti non più ricomponibili di un puzzle. Ma la morte non è un fatto solo individuale, osserva lo psichiatra Eugène Minkowski in Le temps vécu (1933). La morte, infatti, pone anche fine a tutte le relazioni di affetto, parentela e amicizia che ci hanno accompagnato durante la vita. Nell’articolo mostro come, a partire dalla riflessione di Minkowski, si possa parlare della morte da una duplice prospettiva di tempo vissuto: la morte come evento che impone una riflessione sulla finitudine umana, e come esperienza del vissuto individuale (morte nel tempo vissuto), oppure della morte patologica, la quale implica la morte del vissuto, ossia del contatto vitale costitutivo dell`esistenza umana.
Redução performativa e medialidade. A janela da Fenomenologia Meôntica
Authors: Giubiato Giovanni Jan
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo apresenta um estudo detalhado sobre a dimensão performativa implícita na redução fenomenológica a partir de uma análise das obras de Edmund Husserl e da sua reinterpretação nas contribuições de Eugen Fink. Atribuindo à função do espectador transcendental a estrutura de janela, estrutura esta previamente desenvolvida nas pesquisas sobre os atos das presentificações em geral e sobre a consciência de imagem em particular, Fink consegue demonstrar a medialidade característica da redução, verdadeiro centro operativo da fenomenologia. Essa função medial — situada, como uma janela, entre o âmbito mundano e a esfera transcendental — será um elemento fundamental tanto para o desenvolvimento da fenomenologia constitutiva de Husserl e suas análises sobre a história transcendental, quanto para a teoria transcendental do método e sua tematização pelo pensamento fenomenológico in fieri, bem como para a declinação meôntica da fenomenologia proposta por Fink. Neste sentido, a operação da redução será radicalizada numa performance que pretende “fissurar” a “superfície da vida transcendental” (ou seja: a esfera mundana da vida natural), criando aí uma abertura ao transcendental. A partir deste topos medial, o espectador transcendental se torna, portanto, uma espécie de panopticum “não envolvido” e “imparcial” do jogo da constituição, o qual ele pode enxergar através da janela aberta pela redução entre o âmbito natural e o transcendental como um imenso espetáculo. O espetáculo da “ontogênese” transcendental — anteriormente escondida uma latência anônima, sepultada na profundidade de um esquecimento “antigo como o mundo” — apresenta-se entre a subjetividade constituinte transcendental e seu produto final: a finitude, a correlação experiencial constituída entre ser humano e mundo. Finalmente, retomando as sugestões implicadas no fenômeno da imagem, as conclusões traçam um paralelismo com os famosos Cortes de Luciano Fontana, obras de arte performativa que, substituindo a represented spatiality por uma acted spatiality, rompem com o espaço “natural” e tradicional da imagem (o espaço da mimesis e da representação) para adentrar, através da criação de uma cesura, de um corte na superfície da imagem, o infinito.
Tradução
Authors: Weber José Fernandes , Giubilato Giovanni Jan , Colli Anna Luiza Andrade
Published: September 2019

Estudo introdutório de apresentação, seguido de tradução, da palestra “Fenomenologia e antropologia”, ministradas por Edmund Husserl nas sedes da Kantgesellschaft de Frankfurt (1 de junho), Berlim (10 de junho) e Halle (16 de junho) em 1931, na qual avalia criticamente, a partir dos pressupostos transcendentais da fenomenologia, a tendência da filosofia alemã dos anos 20 do século passado para uma antropologia filosófica.
Critical multi-stranded approach for determining the ecological values of diatoms in unique aquatic ecosystems of anthropogenic origin
Authors: Olszyński Rafał M. , Szczepocka Ewelina , Żelazna-Wieczorek Joanna
Published: September 2019

Background. The ecological state of surface waters is typically assessed by a multi-aspect approach based on a determination of its chemical and physical parameters, by hydromorphology and the use of indicator organisms such as benthic diatoms. By assigning ecological indicator values, it is possible to create diatom indices which serve as the basic tool in assessing the ecological status of surface waters. These ecological indicator values are set according to classification systems, such as the Van Dam et al. 1994 system, which classifies species of diatoms according to seven different ecological factors. However, recent studies on the autecology of diatoms have shown the need to verify and establish new ecological indicator values. To this end, aquatic ecosystems are good environments to observe the range of tolerance of benthic diatoms to environmental conditions due to their unique physical and chemical parameters. The aim of the present study was to propose the establishment of new, or altered, ecological indicator values, according to Van Dam et al. classification, of species of diatoms characteristic of three post-mining aquatic ecosystems. Methods. In total, 36 species were identified that were characteristic of three waterbodies: a salt aquatic complex (water outflow, a drainage ditch and a pond), a mined iron ore reservoir and a mined lignite reservoir. Their ecological indicator values were calculated using OMNIDIA software, and the environmental conditions prevailing in the studied ecosystems were determined. Of the 36 characteristic species, 16 lacking at least one assigned ecological indicator value were analysed further. The analysis identified three groups of selected characteristic species which showed a correlation, or lack of such, to the tested physical and chemical parameters. Results. Based on this multistage study of the autecology of characteristic diatoms, comprising an analysis of environmental conditions, literature analysis and reference ecological indicator values of other species, it is proposed that 32 ecological indicator values be established or adjusted for 16 species, and that Planothidium frequentissimum be excluded from water quality assessments.
A new class of disordered elements controls DNA replication through initiator self-assembly
Authors: Parker Matthew W , Bell Maren , Mir Mustafa , Kao Jonchee A , Darzacq Xavier , Botchan Michael R , Berger James M
Published: September 2019

The initiation of DNA replication in metazoans occurs at thousands of chromosomal sites known as origins. At each origin, the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), Cdc6, and Cdt1 co-assemble to load the Mcm2-7 replicative helicase onto chromatin. Current replication models envisage a linear arrangement of isolated origins functioning autonomously; the extent of inter-origin organization and communication is unknown. Here, we report that the replication initiation machinery of D. melanogaster unexpectedly undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) upon binding DNA in vitro. We find that ORC, Cdc6, and Cdt1 contain intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) that drive LLPS and constitute a new class of phase separating elements. Initiator IDRs are shown to regulate multiple functions, including chromosome recruitment, initiator-specific co-assembly, and Mcm2-7 loading. These data help explain how CDK activity controls replication initiation and suggest that replication programs are subject to higher-order levels of inter-origin organization.
Long-term studies reveal major environmental factors driving zooplankton dynamics and periodicities in the Black Sea coastal zooplankton
Authors: Vereshchaka Alexander L. , Anokhina Liudmila L. , Lukasheva Taisiya A. , Lunina Anastasiia A.
Published: September 2019

Background

The development and management of shelf-sea ecosystems require a holistic understanding of the factors that influence the zooplankton structure and ecosystem functions. The Black Sea is an example of such areas influenced by eutrophication, overfishing, climate variability, invasions of the ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi followed by Beroe ovata. Thus, there is a set of principal factors which may influence and explain periodicities in the Black Sea ecosystem.

Methods

We analysed a total of 918 samples taken from 1991 to 2017 with intervals of 10 days. Taxa were identified to species, their abundance and biomass were calculated. We tested 12 environmental factors, which may explain zooplankton distribution: temperature, productivity-linked factors (surface chlorophyll as a proxi), wind, turbidity, lowest winter temperature, and concentration of the ctenophore M. leidyi. We used canonical correspondence analyses to find the dominant environmental factors and further regression analyses to retrieve dependences of plankton biomass on the major factors. Periodicities were assessed with the use of the Continuous wavelet transform and tested with use of One-way ANOSIM and PERMANOVA. The distances between ecosystem states in different years were assessed using non-metric multidimensional scaling.

Results

Currently, temperature and productivity are the major environmental factors driving zooplankton dynamics. Not long ago, before 1999, abundance of M. leidyi was one of the major factors explaining the zooplankton variance. Spectral analysis of species abundances revealed a 4-year transitional period in 1999–2002 (not reported before) when ecosystem adapted to a new invader B. ovata. Statistically robust 2- and 3-year periodicities were retrieved for most plankton taxa and some benthic larvae. We found robust correlations between temperature and surface chlorophyll concentration on one side and plankton abundances and biomass on the other, and retrieved multivariate regressions, which may have a prognostic value.
Influence of Environmental Heterogeneity on the Species Composition, Species Richness and Species Abundances Unevenness in Reef-associated Conus Communities (Neogastropoda) from Papua New-Guinea
Authors: Béguinot Jean
Published: September 2019

To what extent differences in species composition, species richness and species abundance unevenness between marine communities are attributable to heterogeneities of the surrounding environment and/or to inter-community distance is a fundamental issue to be addressed, in order to more deeply understand the functioning of marine ecosystems. A comparison between six reef-associated Conus communities, differing more or less in both their surrounding environment and their mutual geographical distance, offers a relevant opportunity to address these questions.

As expected, environmental heterogeneities prove having a significant influence on the dissimilarity in species composition, whereas distance-decay in similarity reveals comparatively negligible, at least within the investigated range of distances, up to 60 km. Less expectedly, more homogeneous surrounding environments between communities tend, here, to increase the dissimilarity in species richness. At last, here, difference in species abundance unevenness between communities seems unrelated to either environmental heterogeneity or inter-community distance.

From a methodological point of view, these results could not have been reliably established without the prior implementation of a least-biased procedure of numerical extrapolation applied to the available incomplete samplings. Also, the relevant assessment of dissimilarity in species composition required using a modified Jaccard index, rendered insensitive to bias-induced differences in communities species richness.
Nutraceutical Potential and Antipsychotic Activity of Local Dry Fruit Waste – Juglans regia
Authors: Jadhav Rachna Shashikant , Palamthodi Shanooba , Saha Bhaskar
Published: September 2019

Aim: To identify the biologically active components in shells of Juglans regia and study its nutraceutical potential and antipsychotic activity for effective waste management.

Study Design: Biochemical and in vivo analyses of plant extract using established protocols. 

Place and Duration of Study: Sample extraction at Department of Food Science and technology, School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, India; sample components identification at Sophisticated Analytical Instrument facility (SAIF), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mumbai, India; and in vivo studies for antipsychotic activity using Caenorhabditis elegans at Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai, India between November 2018 and May 2019.

Methodology: The shells of Juglans regia were milled and the extract was prepared using Soxhlet extraction at 60oC using methanol as solvent. The GCMS analysis of the extract was carried out using a GC JEOL – The Accu TOF. Antipsychotic activity was studied using pharyngeal pumping assay in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Results: GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract of shells of Juglans regia revealed the presence of Tridecanoic acid, Acetoxyacetic acid, nonyl ester, 2-hexenal, 2-ethyl, Eicosanoic acid, phenylmethyl ester, Undecane, Benzeneacetic acid decyl ester, (1-pentyl-allyoxymethoxy-methyl)-benzene), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z), phenylmethyl ester, Benzyl oxytridecanoic acid, 6,9,12- octadecatrienoic acid, phenylmethyl ester (Z,Z), 9- octadecanoic acid (Z), phenylmethyl ester, 9,12,15- octadecatrienoic acid, Z [(trimethyl (sil)oxy, 1 – trimethyl (sily)oxy] ethyl ester (Z,Z,Z). Furthermore, behavioural assay done using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism showed that the sample exerted antipsychotic activity at lowest concentration.

Conclusion: The shells of Juglans regia being a natural source, can be used as an alternative to the synthetic antipsychotic drugs that have side effects. Our current work suggests that the walnut shells that end up into trash bins are an excellent source of effective natural biologically active compounds.
Trend of Wearing Personal Protective Equipment by Dentists in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Hina
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To investigate the trend of wearing personal protective equipment by dentists in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methodology: Study was conducted over a period of three months in Karachi. Study included dentists working in Dental practices. Dental students and dentists not registered with Pakistan Medical and Dental Council were excluded from the study. The total filled questionnaires obtained were 251. Data analysis as done on SPSS version 20.0 and chi square test was used to assess difference amongst dentists.

Results: The trend of wearing personal protective equipment such as gloves, mask and protective eye wear showed statistically significant differences amongst dentists. More over disposal of sharp objects and disinfection of surfaces between patients also significantly varied amongst dentists working in different places.

Conclusions: Dentists working in different work places showed great variation in wearing personal protective equipment during dental procedures.
Monitoring Strategy of Chrome Electroplating Workers’ Health at Company XYZ
Authors: Suhendi Daben , . Kholil , Sulistyadi Kohar
Published: September 2019

Consequetly, one million deaths from 14% of fatality due to occupational accidents caused harmful substances in the year 2015; therefore, it increases of more than 90000 workers when compared to 2011. Company XYZ with workers about 2500 people is a company that provides special electroplating (chrome plating) service to repair vessels within industry.

This study aims to recommend a strong policy that can be applied to monitor chrome plating workers’ health in Company XYZ. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with analysis methods, strategic assumption surfacing and testing (SAST) and to obtain decisions about recommendations to be taken using the exponential comparison method (ECM). The results shows that the level of exposure of chromium on workers in company XYZ was at high risk level, which may affected worker’ health, 2 of 13 workers have a rate of chromium in blood 1.11ug/L and 1.10ug/L. Therefore the expert recommendation of the medical surveillance program for this research study; that all workers are required to do periodic medical assessment every 6 months, and the medical assessment for worker prior joining in the chrome plating project is must. In addition, focused medical assessment will include complete blood count, liver function, renal function, chromium serum in blood and urine, spirometry, chest x-ray, integument and respiratory system. Deep interview on medical and occupational history, such as the presence of chromium exposure in the past, current and anticipated future exposures are also required to support the data for evaluation purpose. The ability to use respirators assessment considers as additional assessment to protect the workers accordingly. The health practitioner will summarize all medical reports, discuss and provide recommendation to employee as well as to the employer.
Health status of workers approximately 60 years of age and the risk of early death after compulsory retirement: A cohort study
Authors: Sakurai Masaru , Ishizaki Masao , Miura Katsuyuki , Nakashima Motoko , Morikawa Yuko , Kido Teruhiko , Naruse Yuchi , Nogawa Kazuhiro , Suwazono Yasushi , Nogawa Koji , Nakagawa Hideaki
Published: September 2019

Objectives

The increasing number of working elderly people has enhanced the importance of workplace health promotion activities. We investigated the association between the health status of workers approximately 60 years of age and the risk of all-cause mortality after compulsory retirement in Japan.

Methods

The 2026 participants (1299 males and 727 females) had retired from a metal-products factory at ≥60 years of age. Baseline health examinations were conducted at 60 years of age and included questions about medical history and lifestyle factors; the participants also underwent a physical examination. The participants were followed up annually by mail for an average of 7.4 years. The association between health status at age 60 years and the risk of all-cause mortality was assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Results

During the study, 71 deaths were reported. The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (HR [95% confidence interval]) for all-cause mortality was higher for males (HR, 3.41 [1.73-6.69]) compared with females, participants with a low body mass index (<18.5 kg/m2; HR 3.84 [1.91-7.73]) compared with normal body weight, smokers (HR, 2.63 [1.51-4.58]) compared with nonsmokers, and those with three or more of four metabolic abnormalities (obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance) (HR 2.29 [1.04-5.02]) compared with no metabolic abnormalities. The associations were unaffected by adjustment for these factors.

Conclusion

Maintenance of an appropriate body weight, smoking cessation, and elimination of metabolic syndrome are required for older workers to prevent early death after retirement.
Altered long noncoding RNA profile after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Min , Moon Jangsup , Yu Jung‐Suk , Park Dong‐Kyu , Lee Soon‐Tae , Jung Keun‐Hwa , Chu Kon
Published: September 2019

Objective

We investigated the expression pattern of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) and messenger RNAs (mRNA) from two different intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) rat models, and performed gene ontology and gene/protein interaction analyses.

Methods

We harvested hemorrhagic brain 1, 3, and 7 days after ICH induction by stereotactic collagenase injection. We performed microarray analyses with Agilent array platform to compare the expression of lncRNA and mRNAs from hemorrhagic and normal brains. The RNA expression patterns were also examined from the autologous blood injection ICH model at days 1 and 3, and significantly altered lncRNAs from two ICH models were validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis were performed with differentially expressed mRNAs after ICH. Gene and protein interaction analysis was performed to elucidate the functional role of upregulated lncRNA in neuronal damage.

Results

Among the 13,661 lncRNAs studied, 83, 289, and 401 lncRNAs were significantly elevated after 1, 3, and 7 days after collagenase‐induced ICH, respectively. NR_027324, or H19, was the most upregulated lncRNA after 1 day from the two ICH models and its elevation persisted until the 7th day. Gene ontology analysis revealed that immune‐related biological processes such as immune response, immune system process, and defense response were upregulated from both ICH models. Gene and protein interaction study demonstrated that NR_027324 was closely related to the type I interferon signaling pathway.

Interpretation

This study illustrates the dynamic expression pattern of the lncRNA profile following ICH, and that H19 is the most consistently upregulated lncRNA after ICH.
Motor neuron diseases caused by a novel VRK1 variant – A genotype/phenotype study
Authors: Sedghi Maryam , Moslemi Ali‐Reza , Olive Montse , Etemadifar Masoud , Ansari Behnaz , Nasiri Jafar , Emrahi Leila , Mianesaz Hamid‐Reza , Laing Nigel G. , Tajsharghi Homa
Published: September 2019

Background

Motor neuron disorders involving upper and lower neurons are a genetically and clinically heterogenous group of rare neuromuscular disorders with overlap among spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Classical SMA caused by recessive mutations in SMN1 is one of the most common genetic causes of mortality in infants. It is characterized by degeneration of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord, leading to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Non‐SMN1‐related spinal muscular atrophies are caused by variants in a number of genes, including VRK1, encoding the vaccinia‐related kinase 1 (VRK1). VRK1 variants have been segregated with motor neuron diseases including SMA phenotypes or hereditary complex motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (HMSN), with or without pontocerebellar hypoplasia or microcephaly.

Results

Here, we report an association of a novel homozygous splice variant in VRK1 (c.1159 + 1G>A) with childhood‐onset SMA or juvenile lower motor disease with brisk tendon reflexes without pontocerebellar hypoplasia and normal intellectual ability in a family with five affected individuals. We show that the VRK1 splice variant in patients causes decreased splicing efficiency and a mRNA frameshift that escapes the nonsense‐mediated decay machinery and results in a premature termination codon.

Conclusions

Our findings unveil the impact of the variant on the VRK1 transcript and further support the implication of VRK1 in the pathogenesis of lower motor neuron diseases.
Physical Therapists’ Ability to Distinguish Between Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Arthritis and to Appropriately Refer Patients to a Rheumatologist
Authors: Ehrmann Feldman Debbie , Bernatsky Sasha , Orozco Tatiana , El‐Khoury Jonathan , Desmeules François , Laliberté Maude , Perreault Kadija , Grad Roland , Zummer Michel , Woodhouse Linda
Published: September 2019

Objective

To investigate whether physical therapists (PTs) can correctly identify new‐onset inflammatory arthritis; to assess whether PTs are aware that cases of new‐onset inflammatory arthritis should be referred to a rheumatologist; to explore the comfort level of PTs to refer to medical specialists; and to determine factors associated with correctly identifying inflammatory arthritis and referring to a rheumatologist.

Methods

We sent a questionnaire to PTs in 2 Canadian provinces describing 4 case scenarios (new‐onset rheumatoid arthritis [RA], knee osteoarthritis [OA], new‐onset ankylosing spondylitis [AS], and low back pain [LBP]). Participants were asked to identify probable medical diagnoses and indicate their plan of action. We described the frequencies of our outcomes and used logistic regression to explore associated factors.

Results

A total of 352 PTs responded. The proportions who correctly identified each of the 4 cases were 90%, 83%, 77%, and 100%, respectively, for RA, OA, AS, and LBP. Among those, 77%, 30%, 73%, and 3%, respectively, indicated that it was “very important” or “extremely important” to refer to a rheumatologist. Approximately two‐thirds felt “extremely comfortable” or “quite comfortable” to refer to a specialist. PTs working in rural areas were less likely to refer.

Conclusion

Most PTs correctly identified the clinical cases and were aware of the importance of prompt referral to a rheumatologist for inflammatory disease. Most indicated that it was not very important to refer those with OA and LBP. This implies that many PTs can distinguish between inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions and appropriately refer patients with suspected inflammatory arthritis to a rheumatologist.
Functional Demonstration of a Memristive Arithmetic Logic Unit (MemALU) for In‐Memory Computing
Authors: Cheng Long , Li Yi , Yin Kang‐Sheng , Hu Si‐Yu , Su Yu‐Ting , Jin Miao‐Miao , Wang Zhuo‐Rui , Chang Ting‐Chang , Miao Xiang‐Shui
Published: September 2019

The development of in‐memory computing has opened up possibilities to build next‐generation non‐von‐Neumann computing architecture. Implementation of logic functions within the memristors can significantly improve the energy efficiency and alleviate the bandwidth congestion issue. In this work, the demonstration of arithmetic logic unit functions is presented in a memristive crossbar with implemented non‐volatile Boolean logic and arithmetic computing. For logic implementation, a standard operating voltage mode is proposed for executing reconfigurable stateful IMP, destructive OR, NOR, and non‐destructive OR logic on both the word and bit lines. No additional voltages are needed beyond “VP” and its negative component. With these basic logic functions, other Boolean functions are constructed within five devices in at most five steps. For arithmetic computing, the fundamental functions including an n‐bit full adder with high parallelism as well as efficient increment, decrement, and shift operations are demonstrated. Other arithmetic blocks, such as subtraction, multiplication, and division are further designed. This work provides solid evidence that memristors can be used as the building block for in‐memory computing, targeting various low‐power edge computing applications.
Use of the Phen‐NaDPO:Sn(SCN)2 Blend as Electron Transport Layer Results to Consistent Efficiency Improvements in Organic and Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Seitkhan Akmaral , Neophytou Marios , Kirkus Mindaugas , Abou‐Hamad Edy , Hedhili Mohamed Nejib , Yengel Emre , Firdaus Yuliar , Faber Hendrik , Lin Yuanbao , Tsetseris Leonidas , McCulloch Iain , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: September 2019

A simple approach that enables a consistent enhancement of the electron extracting properties of the widely used small‐molecule Phen‐NaDPO and its application in organic solar cells (OSCs) is reported. It is shown that addition of minute amounts of the inorganic molecule Sn(SCN)2 into Phen‐NaDPO improves both the electron transport and its film‐forming properties. Use of Phen‐NaDPO:Sn(SCN)2 blend as the electron transport layer (ETL) in binary PM6:IT‐4F OSCs leads to a remarkable increase in the cells' power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 12.6% (Phen‐NaDPO) to 13.5% (Phen‐NaDPO:Sn(SCN)2). Combining the hybrid ETL with the best‐in‐class organic ternary PM6:Y6:PC70BM systems results to a similarly remarkable PCE increase from 14.2% (Phen‐NaDPO) to 15.6% (Phen‐NaDPO:Sn(SCN)2). The consistent PCE enhancement is attributed to reduced trap‐assisted carrier recombination at the bulk‐heterojunction/ETL interface due to the presence of new energy states formed upon chemical interaction of Phen‐NaDPO with Sn(SCN)2. The versatility of this hybrid ETL is further demonstrated with its application in perovskite solar cells for which an increase in the PCE from 16.6% to 18.2% is also demonstrated.
Basicity‐Engineered Graphite Fluoride Functionalization and Beyond: An Unusual Reaction between Ultraweak Nucleophile and Ultrastrong CF Bonds
Authors: Pan Bingyige , Hu Cheng‐Min , Bai Li , Zhao Fu‐Gang , Dong Lei , Zuo Biao , Zhang Wei , Wang Xinping , Li Wei‐Shi
Published: September 2019

Graphite fluoride‐launched graphene functionalization has attracted increasing interest in recent years. Highly basic nucleophiles are normally employed for ultrastrong CF bonding. However, frequently, an appreciable majority of C–F units of graphite fluoride are reductively eliminated, leading to low functionalization degrees. It is hypothesized that graphite fluoride could likely be functionalized to a larger degree by lowering the basicity of the nucleophiles. Herein, ultraweakly basic NH3·H2O is adopted as a nucleophile to react with extremely inert graphite fluoride, and the resulting reaction affords amino/hydroxyl cofunctionalized graphene (NH2–G–OH). As expected, the NH2/OH functionalization degree and the ratio of substituted C–F units to reduced ones reach high values of 0.34 and 1.62, respectively. Due to the dual energy‐storage mechanisms of the electrochemical double‐layer capacitance coupled with Faradaic pseudocapacitance, the NH2–G8–OH‐based all‐solid‐state supercapacitors are flexible and robust and deliver state‐of‐the‐art capacitive characteristics, while exhibiting high rate capability and electrochemical cycling stability. In addition, NH2/OH moieties remain highly reactive to be post‐functionalized by versatile electrophiles, not only achieving an umpolung of graphite fluoride, but also enabling NH2–G8–OH a competitive alternative to monopolistic GO, and opening up an innovative pathway for development of high‐performance graphene derivatives amenable to multifarious applications.
Modular Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Polyelectrolytes, Nanoparticles, and Molecular Catalysts into Solar‐to‐Chemical Energy Conversion Devices
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo , You Younghoon , Kang Dongkyu , Jeon Dasom , Bae Sanghyun , Shin Yoonkyung , Lee Joonseok , Lee Jiseok , Ryu Jungki
Published: September 2019

The design and fabrication of solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion devices are enabled through interweaving multiple components with various morphologies and unique functions using a versatile layer‐by‐layer assembly method. Cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes are used as an electrostatic adhesive to assemble the following functional materials: plasmonic Ag nanoparticles for improved light harvesting, upconversion nanoparticles for utilization of near‐infrared light, and polyoxometalate water oxidation catalysts for enhanced catalytic activity. Polyelectrolytes also have an additional function of passivating the surface recombination centers of the underlying photoelectrode. These functional components are precisely assembled on a model photoanode (e.g., Fe2O3 and BiVO4) in a desired order and various combinations without degradation of their intrinsic properties. As a result, the performance of water oxidation photoanodes is synergistically enhanced. This study can enable the design and fabrication of novel solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion devices.
Catalase‐Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Reverse Hypoxia‐Induced Chemotherapeutic Resistance
Authors: Yen Tin‐Yo , Stephen Zachary R. , Lin Guanyou , Mu Qingxin , Jeon Mike , Untoro Stela , Welsh Parker , Zhang Miqin
Published: September 2019

Intratumoral hypoxia is a major contributor to multiple drug resistance (MDR) in cancer, and can lead to poor prognosis of patients receiving chemotherapy. Development of an MDR‐inhibitor that mitigates the hypoxic environment is crucial for cancer management and treatment. Reported is a biocompatible and biodegradable catalase‐conjugated iron oxide nanoparticle (Cat‐IONP) capable of converting reactive oxygen species to molecular oxygen to supply an oxygen source for the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Cat‐IONP demonstrates initial enzymatic activity comparable to free catalase while providing a nearly threefold increase in long‐term enzymatic activity. It is demonstrated that Cat‐IONP significantly reduces the in vitro expression of hypoxia‐inducible factors at the transcription level in a breast cancer cell line. Co‐treatment of Cat‐IONP and paclitaxel (PTX) significantly increases the drug sensitivity of hypoxic‐cultured cells, demonstrating greater than twofold and fivefold reduction in cell viability in comparison to cells treated only with 80 and 120 × 10−6 m PTX, respectively. These findings demonstrate the ability of Cat‐IONP to act as an MDR‐inhibitor at different biological levels, suggesting a promising strategy to combat cancer‐MDR and to optimize cancer management and treatment outcomes.
Striated 2D Lattice with Sub‐nm 1D Etch Channels by Controlled Thermally Induced Phase Transformations of PdSe2
Authors: Ryu Gyeong Hee , Zhu Taishan , Chen Jun , Sinha Sapna , Shautsova Viktoryia , Grossman Jeffrey C. , Warner Jamie H.
Published: September 2019

2D crystals are typically uniform and periodic in‐plane with stacked sheet‐like structure in the out‐of‐plane direction. Breaking the in‐plane 2D symmetry by creating unique lattice structures offers anisotropic electronic and optical responses that have potential in nanoelectronics. However, creating nanoscale‐modulated anisotropic 2D lattices is challenging and is mostly done using top‐down lithographic methods with ≈10 nm resolution. A phase transformation mechanism for creating 2D striated lattice systems is revealed, where controlled thermal annealing induces Se loss in few‐layered PdSe2 and leads to 1D sub‐nm etched channels in Pd2Se3 bilayers. These striated 2D crystals cannot be described by a typical unit cells of 1–2 Å for crystals, but rather long range nanoscale periodicity in each three directions. The 1D channels give rise to localized conduction states, which have no bulk layered counterpart or monolayer form. These results show how the known family of 2D crystals can be extended beyond those that exist as bulk layered van der Waals crystals by exploiting phase transformations by elemental depletion in binary systems.
Ruddlesden–Popper 2D Component to Stabilize γ‐CsPbI3 Perovskite Phase for Stable and Efficient Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Kang , Li Zhizai , Zhou Faguang , Wang Haoran , Bian Hui , Zhang Hong , Wang Qian , Jin Zhiwen , Ding Liming , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: September 2019

The highest certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of black phase based CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells has exceeded 18%, and become a hotspot in recent progress. However, the black phase of CsPbI3 rapidly transforms to yellow phase in ambient conditions due to its thermodynamic instability. Here, a Ruddlesden–Popper 2D structure is introduced into γ‐CsPbI3 film to stabilize the black phase via reducing dimensionality. It is found that a judicious amount of phenylethylammonium iodide can adjust the dimensionality of γ‐CsPbI3 film from 2D to quasi‐2D and 3D phase. Comprehensive consideration to obtain both the stability and high PCE, quasi‐2D (n = 40) γ‐CsPbI3 delivers a reproducible PCE of 13.65% with negligible hysteresis. By utilizing femtosecond transient absorption and time‐resolved PL decay, similar carrier kinetics in n = 40 and ∞ samples are observed, meaning an efficient charge extraction. More importantly, when the device is placed at 80 °C in N2 condition or in air with RH of 25–30%, its PCE keeps ≈88% and ≈89% of its initial PCE after 12 days, respectively. Such results are better than the 3D one (≈69% and ≈16%, respectively).
A Dopant‐Free Polymeric Hole‐Transporting Material Enabled High Fill Factor Over 81% for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Qi Feng , Deng Xiang , Wu Xin , Huo Lijun , Xiao Yiqun , Lu Xinhui , Zhu Zonglong , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: September 2019

Although perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have achieved rapid progress in the past few years, most of the high‐performance device results are based on the doped small molecule hole‐transporting material (HTM), spiro‐OMeTAD, which affects their long‐term stability. In addition, some defects from under‐coordinated Pb atoms on the surface of perovskite films can also result in nonradiative recombination to affect device performance. To alleviate these problems, a dopant‐free HTM based on a donor‐acceptor polymer, PBT1‐C, synthesized from the copolymerization between the benzodithiophene and 1,3‐bis(4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐5,7‐bis(2‐alkyl)benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione units is introduced. PBT1‐C not only possesses excellent hole mobility, but is also able to passivate the surface traps of the perovskite films. The derived PVSC shows a high power conversion efficiency of 19.06% with a very high fill factor of 81.22%, which is the highest reported for dopant‐free polymeric HTMs. The results from photoluminescence and trap density of states measurements validate that PBT1‐C can effectively passivate both surface and grain boundary traps of the perovskite.
Impact of age on outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Crosby Dana L. , Jones Jeb , Palmer James N. , Cohen Noam A. , Kohanski Michael A. , Adappa Nithin D.
Published: September 2019

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common condition that affects people of all ages and negatively impacts quality of life. The goal of this study was to identify differences in outcomes by age following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for CRS utilizing 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores.

Methods

Data from 1252 adult CRS patients electing to undergo ESS (2007‐2018) were collected retrospectively. The median age of 50 years was used to divide the data into 2 groups for comparison of the impact of age on SNOT‐22 scores at 0, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Changes in SNOT‐22 scores were analyzed using a mixed models analysis.

Results

After adjusting for gender, race, polyp status, and number of prior ESSs, patients younger than 50 years had a higher mean pre‐ESS SNOT‐22 score (44.0) compared to those of at least 50 years of age (38.9). Among patients younger than 50 years, SNOT‐22 scores declined by 20.7 points at 3 months post‐ESS and 16.1 points at 6 months post‐ESS. The rate of change between the dichotomized age groups was not significantly different at 3 and 6 months post‐ESS (p = 0.7952 and p = 0.1057, respectively).

Conclusion

Both age groups showed significant and durable improvement in SNOT‐22 scores after ESS. Patients younger than 50 years of age have higher pre‐ESS SNOT‐22 scores, but converge to the same SNOT‐22 scores by 3 months post‐ESS. The rate of change of SNOT‐22 scores is not different between those younger than 50 years and those of at least 50 years.
Quantitative examination of the inhibitory activation of molecular targeting agents in hepatocellular carcinoma patient‐derived cell invasion via a novel in vivo tumor model
Authors: Sun Huiwei , Feng Fan , Xie Hui , Li Xiaojuan , Jiang Qiyu , Chai Yantao , Wang Zhijie , Yang Ruichuang , Li Ruisheng , Hou Jun
Published: September 2019

Background

The outcomes for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving sorafenib are far from satisfactory because of treatment resistance to sorafenib. However, the exact mechanism of resistance to sorafenib remains unclear and it is valuable to establish a novel mouse model to quantitatively analyze the inhibition rates of sorafenib on the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver.

Methods

HCC tissue microblocks derived from patients were cultured and mixed with hydrogel drops. Then, hydrogel drops containing microblocks of HCC tissue were attached onto the surface of the livers of nude mice to form lesions or nodules of HCC. The mice received molecular targeting agents through oral administration. Livers with tumor nodules were harvested for H&E staining (hematoxylin‐eosin staining) analysis and H&E staining images were quantitatively analyzed using image J software. The invasive growth of HCC cells into the liver was calculated using the depth of the lesions compared with the total thickness of the liver.

Results

Microblocks containing cells derived from HCC patients can form lesions in the liver of nude mice. Oral administration of molecular targeting agents inhibited the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver of nude mice.

Conclusions

The model established in this study involves the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver of nude mice, and the model allows for the quantitative analysis of the inhibitory effect of molecular targeting agents on the invasion of HCC cells in vivo.
Butenolide Derivatives of Biobased Furans: Sustainable Synthetic Dyes
Authors: Saska Jan , Li Zheng , Otsuki Andrew L. , Wei Jiahui , Fettinger James C. , Mascal Mark
Published: September 2019

The dye and pigment manufacturing industry is one of the most polluting in the world. Each year, over one million tons of petrochemical colorants are produced globally, the synthesis of which generates a large amount of waste. Naturally occurring, plant‐based dyes, on the other hand, are resource intensive to produce (land, water, energy), and are generally less effective as colorants. Between these two extremes would be synthetic dyes that are fully sourced from biomass‐derived intermediates. The present work describes the synthesis of such compounds, containing strong chromophores that lead to bright colors in the yellow to red region of the visible spectrum. The study was originally motivated by an early report of an unidentified halomethylfurfural derivative which resulted from hydrolysis in the presence of barium carbonate, now characterized as a butenolide of 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF). The method has been generalized for the synthesis of dyes from other biobased platform molecules, and a mechanism is proposed.
Addressing the Perioperative Nursing Shortage Through Education: A Perioperative Imperative
Authors: Beitz Janice M.
Published: September 2019

Perioperative nurse leaders are facing an unprecedented nursing shortage. Very few baccalaureate nursing programs in the United States prepare graduates for perioperative nursing, and many current perioperative nurses are retiring from practice or leaving the field for other reasons. It is a challenge for nursing administrators to fill the vacant positions because it takes several months to orient a novice perioperative nurse and it involves significant costs. This article provides current information about perioperative nurse and leader shortages, discusses the effects of the shortages on patient safety and health care facility finances, and reviews the available literature about perioperative nursing education from both an academic and health care facility administrative perspective. In addition, this article presents strategies for addressing the nursing shortage and describes implications for clinical practice, education, and research.
Role of Ab Initio Calculations in the Design and Development of Organometallic Lanthanide‐Based Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Swain Abinash , Sarkar Arup , Rajaraman Gopalan
Published: September 2019

Single‐molecule magnets based on lanthanides are very attractive due to their potential applications proposed in the area of microelectronic devices. Very recent advances in this area are due to the blend of conventional lanthanide chemistry with organometallic ligands, and several breakthrough achievements are attained with this combination. Ab initio methods based on multi‐reference CASSCF calculations are playing a vital role in the design and development of such molecules. In this minireview, we aim to appraise various contributions in the area of organometallic lanthanide complexes (those containing lanthanide‐carbon bonds) and describe how these robust wavefunction‐based methods have played a constructive role not only in rationalizing the observed magnetic properties but also proven to be a potential predictive tool with some selected examples.