bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Andrographis Paniculata (Burm. F.) Flavonoid Compound and Prevention of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Amin Ramzi , Apriliandy Shariff Muhammad , Purwanita Petty , Irsan Saleh Mgs
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To explore the effect of the flavonoid compounds of Andrographis paniculata by evaluating the glycemic profile, oxidative process, and inflammatory values in rats with diabetic retinopathy (DR).
Methods: An extract of A. paniculata was macerated with ethanol which yielded flavonoid compounds. Streptozotocin was utilized to induce diabetes mellitus in male Wistar rats. Vucetic’s methods were used to evaluate the retinal vessel diameters. Antioxidant parameters and inflammatory cytokines were assessed in retinal tissue.
Results: A funduscopic examination revealed some alterations in the retinal veins. In comparison to the DR group with no treatment, the diameter of the retinal vessels in the DR group that was treated with the flavonoid component of the A. paniculata extract (FAP) at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight (BW) was significantly smaller (P < 0.05), Glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase levels were increased after receiving FAP at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg BW (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Administration of doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg BW of the A. paniculata’s flavonoid compounds improved DR in rats via retinal vessel diameter reduction, TNF-a and VEGF level reduction, and increasing antioxidants, SOD, catalase, and glutathione.
Risk Factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Infants in Kerman, Iran
Authors: Daneshtalab Arash , Shadravan Mahla , Mobasherzadeh Mahani Amirreza , Dehghani Azam , Sharifzadeh Kermani Mahdi
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the main cause of blindness in premature infants. Despite developments in neonatal care and management guidelines, ROP is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Hence, the identification of risk factors for ROP is critical to diminish the burden of the disease.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included all infants with gestational age ≤ 36 weeks referred to the ophthalmology clinic at Shafa hospital, Kerman, Iran from 2014 to 2015. Ophthalmologic examinations were performed followed by demographic and ophthalmic data collection and analysis.
Results: A total of 579 preterm neonates were screened including 325 boys and 254 girls. The incidence of ROP was 17.96%. Mean birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) were 1668.0 grams and 31.2 weeks, respectively. The results indicated that BW, GA, duration of hospitalization and oxygen therapy were significantly related to the development of ROP, however, after multivariate logistic regression analysis, only BW and duration of hospitalization remained significant. There were no significant associations between gender, type of delivery, or assisted reproductive technologies, and ROP (P = 0.461, 0.461, and 0.826, respectively).
Conclusion: BW and duration of hospitalization were significant risk factors for ROP in the current study. BW was also strongly associated with the need for therapy.
Modification of a Selective NTRK2 Agonist and Confirmation of Activity in a Glaucoma-on-a-Chip Model
Authors: Nafian Fatemeh , Yazdani Shahin , Javad Rasaee Mohammad , Kamali Doust Azad Babak , Daftarian Narsis , Rezaei Kanavi Mozhgan
Published: March 2024

Purpose: RNYK is a selective agonist of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2) which has been screened from a phage-displayed peptide library. Its sequence is SGVYKVAYDWQH, similar to a native NTRK2 ligand, that is, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The current study was performed to recognize and confirm critical residues for RNYK activity in a glaucoma-on-a-chip model.
Methods: We designed a modified RNYK (mRNYK) peptide based on hotspots of the RNYK sequence identified by alanine scanning. The critical residues consisted of tyrosine, valine, aspartic acid, and tryptophan (YVDW); however, lysine and glutamine were also maintained in the final sequence (YKVDWQ) for forming amide bonds and peptide dimerization. The affinity of mRNYK binding was confirmed by testing against NTRK2 receptors on the surface of ATRA-treated SH-SY5Y cells. The neuroprotective effect of mRNYK was also evaluated in cell culture after elevated pressure insult in a glaucoma-on-a-chip model.
Results: The primary amine on the lysine side-chain from one sequence (YKVDWQ) reacted with a γ[1]carboxamide group of glutamine from the other sequence, forming dimeric mRNYK. In silico, molecular dynamic simulations of the mRNYK–NTRK2 complex showed more stable and stronger interactions as compared to the RNYK–NTRK2 complex. In vitro, mRNYK demonstrated a neuroprotective effect on SH-SY5Y cells under normal and elevated pressure comparable to RNYK. The 50% effective concentration (logEC50) for mRNYK was 0.7009, which was better than RNYK with a logEC50 of 0.8318.
Conclusion: The modified peptide studied herein showed improved stability over the original peptide (RNYK) and demonstrated potential for use as a BDNF agonist with neuroprotective properties for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as glaucoma.
Sex Hormones Influence the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch Effect
Authors: Foutch Brian
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Saturated lights appear brighter than white lights of the same luminance. This is the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch (H–K) effect, and the phenomenon can be estimated by modeling achromatic luminance and saturation to total brightness. Current H–K effect models are different between women and men and are also more variable in women, which may be due to hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle (MC).
Methods: Total brightness (B) and achromatic luminance (L) were measured across blue, green, yellow-green, yellow, and red hues. These data were measured along with salivary hormone levels for nine cycling women and seven oral contraceptive (OC) users at points representing the menstrual, peri-ovulation, and luteal phases.
Results: Simple brightness/luminance (B/L) ratio estimates of the H–K effect did not differ by OC use or MC phase, but B/L ratios were higher for the red stimulus in cycling women than OC users during the luteal phase. Estrogen, progesterone, and their interaction predicted 18% of the variation in brightness for cycling women. For OC users, only estrogen could be fit to brightness models where it accounted for 5% of brightness variance.
Conclusion: These findings first provide clear support for separating cycling women from OC users, particularly when examining long-wavelength mechanisms. Next, the interaction of OC use and MC phase on B/L ratios for the red stimulus adds to a rich history of long-wavelength mechanisms. Lastly, the current result amends previous brightness models with multiple hormone terms for cycling women but not OC users.
Contemporary Approach to Narrow Angles
Authors: Shamseldin Shalaby Wesam , Reddy Rohit , Razeghinejad Reza , Katz L. Jay
Published: March 2024

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Among all glaucoma types,primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) affects approximately 23 million people worldwide, andis responsible for 50% of glaucoma-related blindness, highlighting the devastating consequencesof this disease. The main mechanism of PACG is relative pupillary block. High-risk populations arefemale gender, Asian ethnicity, high hyperopia, short axial length, and a thick/anteriorly positionedlens. This review discusses the clinical diagnosis, classification, and management of patients witha narrow angle with and without intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and glaucomatous opticnerve damage, including laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), endocycloplasty (ECPL), lens extraction,and goniosynechialysis.
A Framework for Future Analysis of Ophthalmology Fellowships in Iran: Call for Action, Implications and Recommendations
Authors: Ali Javadi Mohammad , Tabatabai Shima
Published: March 2024

Ophthalmology fellowship is focusing on the educational advancement, medical research progress and academic productivity by transforming general ophthalmologists into superior clinical capacities in ophthalmology. There is a vast majority of ophthalmologists who wish to undertake fellowship degrees. The fellowship programs have several benefits for ophthalmologists and medical institutions. However, the expansion of ophthalmic fellowships has resulted in a greater number of ophthalmology visits, the possibility of unnecessary subspecialty eye examinations, induced demand and increasing eye-care costs. Moreover, sub-specialized ophthalmic services are not accessible to patients in remote regions. This can lead to a degree of inequity in the provision of healthcare services in the healthcare system. The massive expansion of fellowships in ophthalmology is revitalizing the necessity for evaluation of the need for post[1]residency education and providing effective planning for the future of the ophthalmic human[1]resource for eye health. This narrative review includes an integration and descriptive summary of the existing evidence on trends and different aspects that affect the future of ophthalmic fellowship education. Moreover, we pinpointed challenges such as maintaining standards in fellowship education, keeping an efficient production of graduates, and improving productivity in both patient care and education. We explored potential solutions to overcome these challenges. The 7-step framework for future analysis suggested here includes Determining educational needs and desired outcomes, Evaluating the current status of fellowship education, determining the gaps, and appropriate solutions, analyzing possible future trends and their impact on ophthalmology practice, investing in virtual educational technology, developing new educational horizons by foresight expert panels, and human-resource planning.
A Novel Ornithine Aminotransferase Splice Site Mutation Causes Vitamin B6-Responsive Gyrate Atrophy
Authors: Molaei Ramshe Samira , Zardadi Safoura , Alehabib Elham , Nourinia Ramin , Jamshidi Javad , Soosanabadi Mohsen , Darvish Hossein
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GACR) is a rare congenital disorder and mutations in the ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) gene has been specified as the underlying cause. Patients show a high level of ornithine in body fluids which may be controlled by low protein diets. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) supplementation may also be effective, however, most patients appear to be nonresponsive to this modality of treatment.
Case Report: Here, we report a characterized case of a vitamin B6-responsive GACR who had a splicing mutation in the OAT gene. The GACR diagnosis was confirmed through the clinical features, imaging, biochemical findings, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) results. WES data revealed the splicing mutation in intron 4 of the OAT gene (NM_001322967: c.425-1G>A).
Conclusion: Our knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of GACR can be improved by identifying novel mutations in the OAT gene and accurate follow-up of the patients to determine how they respond to treatment.
Bilateral Optic Neuropathy Secondary to Intravenous Carboplatin Therapy
Authors: Maleki Arash , Lagrew Mollie , Slaney Elizabeth
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To report a case of carboplatin-induced bilateral optic neuropathy in a patient with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.
Case Report: A 65-year-old man with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue with metastasis to the right axillary lymph node treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel was evaluated for decreased visual acuity in both eyes. Visual acuity was 20/70 in the right eye and no light perception in the left eye. On dilated fundus examination, optic disc edema was present in both eyes with more severity in the left eye, flame shape hemorrhages around the optic nerve head in both eyes and cotton wool spots around the left optic nerve head. Brain and orbital MRI demonstrated enhancement of the bilateral optic nerve sheaths. He was diagnosed with bilateral carboplatin-induced optic neuropathy.
Conclusion: Our findings in this case justify monitoring of patients during their course of intravenous carboplatin therapy.
Low-cost Lateral Canthotomy and Cantholysis Model for the Emergency Department
Authors: McMaster David , Khan Anas
Published: March 2024

This is a Photo Essay and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article in HTML.
Healthcare Workers and Infectious Disease Outbreaks: A Review.
Authors: Antunes José
Published: March 2024

In last two decades the world assisted to an increase in the frequency of infectious disease outbreaks which are a challenge for health services and healthcare workers (HCWs). Infectious disease outbreaks cause an unexpected increase in morbidity and mortality, which in turn cause an increased demand on healthcare facilities and consequently an increase in Healthcare workers workload. A search was performed in PubMed selecting meta-analysis, reviews and systematic reviews published before July 2023. The search carried out resulted in abundant information on various aspects of HealthCare Workers’s mental health during and after infectious disease outbreaks. A substantial number of HealthCare Workers suffer greatly from a variety of psychological and psychosomatic problems. The enormous psychological burden of working under such stressful circumstances can severely affect their wellbeing and, consequently, work performance. Health policies and interventions specifically aimed at these professionals should be taken in future infectious disease outbreaks.
Entrepreneurship Practice through Wholesale and Retail Outlets and Pharmaceutical Practice among Companies in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Chizomam Ann EMEJE , OYAT  , Sunday Ade BELLO
Published: March 2024

The research examined entrepreneurship and pharmaceutical practices among companies in Lagos State, Nigeria with a focus on wholesale and retail outlets. The choice of Lagos is precipitated on the fact that it commanded large percentage of commercial activities in Nigeria and the study showed the role of entrepreneurship in improving the logistics of the wholesale and retail pharmaceutical companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study employed the quantitative research method. This was to evaluate the link between logistics entrepreneurship and pharmaceutical performance. The findings showed that entrepreneurship improves the logistics of retail and wholesale pharmaceutical practice in Lagos State, Nigeria. The findings also confirmed that entrepreneurship is important on the performance of pharmaceutical companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. There was great evidence that entrepreneurship orientation is needed in the pharmaceutical sector. The research concluded that introduction of entrepreneurship logistics through wholesale and retail outlets would enhance the overall performance of pharmaceutical companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. It therefore recommended that Pharmaceutical retail and wholesale companies should pay a good attention to their logistics management by employing the critical elements of entrepreneurship which include creation, organization, administration and distribution, under a conducive regulatory environment and also special route system should be created in major Nigerian cities especially Lagos, reserved only for medical and pharmaceutical conveyances.
Association of frailty with nutritional parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Evcen Recep , Koçak Mehmet Zahid , Elsürer Afşar Rengin
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Frailty is a significant clinical syndrome characterized by greater susceptibility to stressors due to the dysfunction of multiple organ systems, which increases in prevalence with age. This study was performed to investigate relations between frailty and nutritional parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 100 CKD patients aged 50 years or older. Frailty was assessed using the Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS) and Fried’s Frailty Scale (FFS). The patients nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the routine laboratory tests.
Results: The study included 100 patients, consisting of 41 females and 59 males. The mean age of the participants was 65.3±9.3 years. The median glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the patients was 23 mL/min/1.73 m2) (min: 3-max: 65). According to the MNA, 15 patients had normal nutritional status, 63 were at risk of malnutrition, and 22 were malnourished. According to the EFS score, four patients were categorized as not frail, 11 as vulnerable, 25 with mild frailty, 21 with moderate frailty, and 39 with severe frailty. According to the FFS score, six patients were non-frail, 30 were classified as pre-frail, and 64 were considered frail.
Conclusions: Frailty and malnutrition in patients with CKD were independently related to all other factors examined in this study. Screening for malnutrition at the early stages in patients with CKD and the appropriate treatment may prevent the development of frailty.
Ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma vs. radiofrequency nerve ablation for refractory plantar fasciitis
Authors: Erdoğan Furkan , Cengiz Tolgahan , Yurtbay Alparslan , Büyükceran İsmail
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Plantar fasciitis (PF), which accounts for approximately 80% of heel pain, is a common condition affecting adults' quality of life. There are many different treatment modalities used in the treatment of PF. In this study, we compared the clinical and functional outcomes of patients diagnosed with chronic PF in our clinic who underwent USG-guided PRP (platelet-rich plasma) injection and patients who underwent RFNA (radiofrequency nerve ablation) treatment.
Methods: Ultrasound-guided PRP injection or RFNA was performed on 95 patients who were diagnosed with chronic PF and met the inclusion criteria. This group of patients was followed for at least one year (October 2021-October 2023), and the clinical and functional results of the patients were compared.
Results: The mean pre-treatment Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Foot Function Index (FFI), and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) posterior-ankle scores were similar, and no significant difference was found (P>0.05). A significant improvement was observed in the groups' FFI, VAS, and AFOAS scores after treatment (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in treatment modalities (P>0.05).
Conclusions: As a result of the study, it was concluded that PRP injection and RFNA are effective treatment methods in patients diagnosed with chronic plantar fasciitis without response to other conservative treatment methods, but these two methods are not superior to each other.
Influência da estrutura de propriedade nos relatórios de sustentabilidade e nível de evidenciação do relato integrado nas empresas da B3
Authors: Silva Lívia Janaína , De Carvalho Juliana Ferreira , Silva do Carmo Carlos Henrique , Barbosa Joicy Borges
Published: March 2024

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a influência da estrutura de propriedade na adoção de relatórios de sustentabilidade e no nível de divulgação de informações das empresas listadas na B3. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma amostra de 299 empresas nos anos de 2017 e 2018. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão logística binária e regressão múltipla com dados em painel. Os resultados demonstraram que a quantidade de membros no conselho de administração, bem como o número de membros independentes desse conselho, contribuem para o aumento e melhora da divulgação de informações sobre sustentabilidade. No entanto, a concentração de ações e a presença de mulheres nos conselhos demonstraram não ter influência nas divulgações relativas a sustentabilidade. Esses resultados cooperam para a discussão dos efeitos das características das estruturas de propriedade sobre a adoção e evidenciação de relatórios de sustentabilidade empresarial, podendo auxiliar às empresas, investidores e reguladores sobre os potenciais efeitos da composição dos conselhos de administração das empresas na preocupação com a transparência e a divulgação de ações de sustentabilidade.
Muslim Society Needs For Learning The Vocabulary Meaning Of Surah Al-Fatihah Through Mobile Phone Applications/ احتياجات المجتمع المسلم إلى تعلُّم معاني مفردات سورة الفاتحة عبرالتطبيقات الهاتفية
Authors: Alosman Abdulrahman , Hamawiya Adham
Published: March 2024

Previous studies reveal the need for the Muslim community to know the exact meaning of the vocabulary of Surah Al-Fatihah and understand it in depth. This research aims to identify these needs among the Muslim community based on their perceptions of using them, especially using telephone applications. The research used an inductive and analytical approach to explore the needs of the Muslim community regarding telephone application design elements to study the meaning of the vocabulary of Surah Al-Fatihah. The tool used was a questionnaire distributed to respondents from the research sample. The research results show that respondents have a high level of acceptance of learning the meaning of Surah Al-Fatihah vocabulary through mobile applications, and they also prefer various valuable functions and presentation methods in the application, in addition to the availability of modern educational facilities—content to suit different learner levels. In addition, it becomes clear that the results of this research can be used as a basis for designing telephone applications to study the meaning of the vocabulary of Surah Al-Fatihah.
The Western Other In The Novel Of The Young Bedouin By Maqbool Al-Alawi
Authors: Al Khadari Nasser Bin Mubarak
Published: March 2024

This study is concerned with analyzing the image of the other in literary texts where the people and cultures meet. This literary genre is considered one of the most critical areas of comparative literature studies in modern criticism. The study aims to prepare the students for comparative studies, one of the most essential domains that can benefit language learners. It enables the students to become familiar with and hold contrastive studies between Arabic as their mother tongue and the other languages and increase their linguistic proficiency. In addition, access to such studies or the experience of conducting them develops the learner's skills and abilities to understand, analyze, and track intellectual and reading coherence. Comparative literary studies have recently turned towards the novel to examine the image of nations and people in the writings of some of them in this literary genre. The narrative specificity of this genre is considered very important, as are people and cultures and the multiplicity of relationships of effect and influence among one another. From the importance of this standpoint comes the idea of this research, which seeks to Study the image of the Western Other in the novel "Albadawi Alsaqeer" (The Young Bedouin) by the Saudi novelist Maqbool Al-Alawi. This is due to its heavy reliance in its structure on the "Western Other" in its various manifestations and dimensions. They consider it looked at this other with a neutral and balanced vision that differed from the prevailing fictional writings that dealt with the relationship between the East and the West.
Efficiency of automated vehicle control in tram systems
Authors: Gorev Andrey , Popova Ol'ga , Plotnikov Dmitriy , Oleschenko Elena
Published: March 2024

The intellectualization of water transport is accompanied by an expansion of the landscape of threats to transport security, caused by the characteristics and weaknesses of the technologies being introduced, which are the convergence of information and telecommunication technologies, automated and automatic control technologies and artificial intelligence. The peculiarity of these technologies is working with large volumes of information. Violation of the security of information processed in intelligent systems of water transport (illegal access, modification, deletion and similar unauthorized influence) causes a violation of transport security and, as a consequence, the security of critical information infrastructure and the country’s critical infrastructure, national security. Convergent technologies used in intelligent transport systems are characterized by multiple and poorly formalized manifestations of the consequences of threats. The article presents a model for assessing the risks of information security of intelligent water transport systems, based on the methods of the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic, the use of which makes it possible to take into account the above-mentioned features of the technologies being implemented. The hierarchical structure of the model and the use of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic methods make it possible to adapt the model to various risk criteria, types of input data and the level of detail of risk analysis. For the presented model, a methodology for assessing information security risks has been developed and an example of risk calculation is given. The developed model and methodology are intended to build an information security risk management system for autonomous shipping, implementing technologies of hybrid (augmented, extended) intelligence, providing for the use of artificial intelligence controlled by people.
Restoration of traffic after failures using a virtual train coupling
Authors: Bushuev Sergey , Kovalev Igor'
Published: March 2024

The article examines the influence of group automatic train operation technology (virtual coupling) on accelerating the process of restoring traffic after a failure with a break in traffic on a railway section. Possible train-to-train intervals have been determined: calculated and statistical estimates taking into account real traffic conditions on the section and using virtual coupling technology. At the same time, the influence of energy supply shortage was not considered; it is assumed that in the process of mass implementation of group automatic train operation technology, the energy supply system will be strengthened to ensure the capabilities of automation systems. Simulation modeling of the operation of a railway section in the IMETRA system (macromodeling system for transport junctions and grounds) was carried out in order to comprehensively assess the impact of the introduction of group automatic train operation on the performance of the section in normal operation and after restoration of traffic in the case of a long-term (8 hours) failure of technical means. The possibility of strengthening technical inspection points with additional teams has been considered to speed up the restoration of traffic after failure of technical means.
Fuzzy system for assessing the information security risk of intelligent water transport systems
Authors: Baranov Leonid , Ivanova Nina , Mihalevich Igor'
Published: March 2024

The intellectualization of water transport is accompanied by an expansion of the landscape of threats to transport security, caused by the characteristics and weaknesses of the technologies being introduced, which are the convergence of information and telecommunication technologies, automated and automatic control technologies and artificial intelligence. The peculiarity of these technologies is working with large volumes of information. Violation of the security of information processed in intelligent systems of water transport (illegal access, modification, deletion and similar unauthorized influence) causes a violation of transport security and, as a consequence, the security of critical information infrastructure and the country’s critical infrastructure, national security. Convergent technologies used in intelligent transport systems are characterized by multiple and poorly formalized manifestations of the consequences of threats. The article presents a model for assessing the risks of information security of intelligent water transport systems, based on the methods of the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic, the use of which makes it possible to take into account the above-mentioned features of the technologies being implemented. The hierarchical structure of the model and the use of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic methods make it possible to adapt the model to various risk criteria, types of input data and the level of detail of risk analysis. For the presented model, a methodology for assessing information security risks has been developed and an example of risk calculation is given. The developed model and methodology are intended to build an information security risk management system for autonomous shipping, implementing technologies of hybrid (augmented, extended) intelligence, providing for the use of artificial intelligence controlled by people.
Study of algorithms for synthesis of self-checking digital devices based on Boolean correction of signals using weighted Bose – Lin codes
Authors: Efanov Dmitriy , Elina Eseniya
Published: March 2024

When synthesizing self-checking digital devices based on Boolean correction of signals, it is proposed to use weight-based Bose – Lin codes, the construction principles of which imply preliminary weighting of data symbols by natural numbers. Two “basic” structures are proposed for the synthesis of built-in control circuits for groups of six outputs of the diagnostic object. The structures are based on weight-based Bose – Lin codes with summation in the residue ring modulo M=4. There are 15 such noise-protected codes with the number of data symbols m=4, which allows to select the best option as a base code in the builtin control circuit according to various criteria, including achieving self-checking properties even in cases where this cannot be achieved using traditional approaches, including duplication. Two algorithms for the synthesis of built-in control circuits based on Boolean signal correction have been developed, allowing the use of correction of only two of the six functions in the basic structure. For basic structures, there are 720 ways to construct an integrated control circuit based on Boolean correction of signals using each weight-based Bose – Lin code, which makes it possible to choose the best way to implement a self-checking device, considering various indicators (structural redundancy, testability, etc.). The operation of the algorithms is demonstrated on simple examples. The results of experiments with test digital circuits from the MCNC Benchmars set confirming the efficiency of the developed algorithms are given. It is shown that with a large number of outputs, there is an astronomical number of ways to organize built-in control circuits, which makes it possible to build self-checking devices with various characteristics. The use of Boolean correction of signals using weight-based Bose – Lin codes can be used in the development and design of self-checking digital devices on various element bases.
The degree to which geography teachers use realistic assessment strategies and the obstacles to their application from the point of view of geography teachers in Aqaba Governorate
Authors: Aldaassean Wafa Mohammad Mutleq
Published: March 2024

The study aimed to investigate the extent to which geography teachers in Aqaba Governorate use realistic assessment strategies and the obstacles to their application from their perspective. The researcher employed a descriptive-analytical approach, and the study sample consisted of 205 geography teachers from Aqaba Governorate. To achieve the study's objectives, the researcher prepared a questionnaire as a study tool, consisting of 40 items. The study found that the degree of geography teachers' use of realistic assessment strategies and tools, as well as the obstacles to their application, was high from their perspective. The highest percentage was attributed to the performance-based assessment strategy. The results also indicated a high level of obstacles to the use of realistic assessment strategies by geography teachers. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in the degree of usage based on gender or years of experience, while there were significant differences attributed to the variable of academic qualification. Based on these results, the study recommended preparing a guide that includes a description of realistic assessment methods, practical examples, and providing it to teachers for their benefit when assessing students.
The reality of Arabic language teachers’ use of the electronic learning platform (Darsak) and the challenges of its application in Ma’an Governorate
Authors: Abu Odeh Mohammed Hamed Subhe
Published: March 2024

The study aimed to explore the reality of using e-learning platforms, specifically the Darsak platform, in teaching the Arabic language and identify the obstacles to its usage from the viewpoint of Arabic teachers in Ma'an Governorate. The researcher employed a descriptive survey methodology, utilizing a questionnaire developed by the researcher consisting of 32 items. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 210 Arabic language teachers in Ma'an. The study revealed that the degree of using e-learning platforms by Arabic teachers in Ma'an was high. Additionally, the results indicated that the challenges faced by Arabic teachers in using e-learning platforms were also high. The findings further showed statistically significant differences in the use of e-learning platforms among Arabic teachers related to gender and years of experience, while no significant differences were attributed to the variable of academic qualifications. The study recommends organizing workshops and training courses tailored for teachers and students to enhance their skills in effectively using e-learning platforms.
Obstacles to the implementation of realistic assessment strategies from the perspective of Islamic education teachers in Ma'an Governorate
Authors: alnaimat Hussein Mohammad ishtaian
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to assess the awareness of Islamic education teachers regarding realistic assessment strategies in the Ma'an Governorate, from the teachers' own perspectives. The descriptive-analytical method was utilized, and the study sample consisted of 155 male and female teachers in the first semester of the academic year 2023/2024. To collect data, a tool consisting of 30 items graded on a five-point Likert scale was developed. The validity and reliability of the tool were established using known practical methods. The study results indicated that the obstacles facing the application of realistic assessment tools by Islamic education teachers were of moderate level. The obstacles related to the teacher ranked first, followed by those related to the application conditions, and finally, obstacles related to the students ranked last. The study also pointed out the absence of statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level between the means of the study sample's responses attributed to the variables of gender and experience. Based on the results, the study recommended the necessity of professional development for teachers on realistic assessment tools and their application through training courses and workshops.
Professional development for principals of international schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in light of Japanese experience
Authors: ALTHUAINI DR. YOUSEF MOHAMMED
Published: March 2024

The study aimed to identify the experience of Japan in the professional development of international school principals in order to develop a number of proposals that are useful in developing and raising the professional competence of school leaders of international schools in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and to achieve this goal, the researcher used the descriptive curriculum, and benefited from the use of this curriculum in identifying the experience and collecting information and data that helped to identify, interpret and identify its reality, and then access some mechanisms that can contribute to the development of professional development performance of international school principals in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, The research has resulted in the most important results due to the presence of some difficulties facing international education in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, including the absence of strategic planning for training systems and programs, and one of the most prominent recommendations that came out of the study recommends that the General Department of foreign education at the Ministry prepare a plan for the development and reform of international schools in the kingdom to solve the problems and difficulties facing those schools, taking into account modern training and development methods, and setting up a set of workshops, conferences and seminars on the topics of leadership development, curriculum design and technology integration for all principals of international schools in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The role of social studies teachers in promoting digital citizenship values from their perspective in the Aqaba Governorate
Authors: Radwan Manal Muhammad Fadl
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to identify the role of social studies teachers in promoting digital citizenship values in the Aqaba Governorate. The descriptive-analytical research approach was chosen, and a sample of 318 teachers of social studies was followed using a questionnaire tool. The results showed that social studies teachers play a crucial role in raising students' awareness of digital citizenship values. The findings also indicated a positive trend towards integrating digital media in the learning process. Utilizing the statistical analysis program SPSS, the results revealed that most teachers pay special attention to introducing students to digital citizenship concepts. Moreover, the results demonstrated statistically significant differences at a significance level of (α = 0.05) in the responses of teachers regarding the application of social studies teachers in promoting digital citizenship values attributed to the gender variable, while there were no differences for the variables of academic qualification and years of experience. The recommendations are based on evidence suggesting the importance of enhancing teacher-training programs and integrating digital citizenship concepts into school curricula. Additionally, promoting safe use of social media in education, fostering positive digital interaction, and garnering parental support are crucial for instilling digital citizenship values effectively.
Gambaran Trauma Kepala Korban Mati Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas yang Ditangani Instalasi Forensik RSUD Dr. Moewardi Tahun 2017-2022
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Adib Fajar , Atmoko Wahyu Dwi , Hari Wujoso
Published: March 2024

Pendahuluan: Kecelakaan lalu lintas (KLL) merupakan penyebab utama cedera yang tidak disengaja, terhitung memiliki proporsi terbesar penyebab kematian akibat cedera yang tidak disengaja. Salah satu trauma yang paling banyak ditemukan pada kecelakaan lalu lintas adalah trauma kepala. Pada kecelakaan kendaraan bermotor roda dua maupun tiga, trauma kepala menyebabkan angka kematian paling banyak dan trauma yang paling sering diakibatkan. Penelitian ini mengkaji pola trauma kepala pada korban mati akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan studi observasional. Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah total sampling dengan sampel berupa seluruh kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas yang ditangani Instalasi Forensik RSUD Dr. Moewardi pada periode 2017-2022.
Hasil: Didapatkan 147 kasus dengan trauma kepala dari 160 kasus kematian akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas. Bagian wajah lebih sering mengalami cedera dengan 145 kasus daripada bagian kepala yang tertutup rambut dengan 99 kasus. Laserasi merupakan jenis trauma yang paling banyak ditemukan pada kepala, pada wajah sebanyak 98 kasus an pada bagian yang tertutup rambut sebanyak 60 kasus.
Kesimpulan: Trauma kepala memiliki angka kejadian yang tinggi pada korban mati kecelakaan lalu lintas, memiliki persentase 91,87%. Trauma kepala lebih banyak terjadi di bagian wajah daripada bagian kepala yang tertutup rambut. Laserasi merupakan jenis trauma kepala yang paling sering ditemukan
Gambaran Sanitasi Lingkungan dan Status Gizi dengan Infeksi Kecacingan pada Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Singosari, Boyolali
Authors: Irawan Nurul Anira , Sari Yulia , Haryati Sri , Negara Khesara Sastrin Prasita
Published: March 2024

Pendahuluan: Infeksi kecacingan disebabkan oleh kelompok cacing parasit soil transmitted helminths (STH) dan non-STH. Infeksi kecacingan dapat dipengaruhi oleh sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk serta status gizi yang tidak baik. Anak-anak usia sekolah sangat rentan terhadap infeksi kecacingan karena aktivitasnya yang erat dengan tanah, terutama yang bertempat tinggal di sekitar peternakan dan memiliki orang tua dengan tingkat pendapatan yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran sanitasi lingkungan dan status gizi dengan infeksi kecacingan pada siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Singosari, Boyolali.  Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di MI Singosari, Boyolali. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh siswa MI Singosari yang berjumlah 63 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner didapatkan data sanitasi lingkungan dan data tinggi dan berat badan siswa didapatkan dari hasil pengukuran antropometri. Pemeriksaan feses dilakukan dengan metode langsung dengan larutan NaCl 0,9% dan lugol di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret. Data dianalisis dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada siswa yang mengalami infeksi kecacingan. Data juga menunjukkan bahwa 76,2% siswa memiliki sumber air bersih yang baik, 60,3% memiliki kondisi jamban yang baik, 50,8% memiliki kondisi saluran pembuangan air limbah yang baik, 84,1% memiliki kondisi tempat sampah yang baik, 77,8% memiliki kondisi lantai yang baik, dan 69,8% memiliki status gizi yang baik. Kesimpulan: Siswa MI Singosari, Boyolali tidak ada yang mengalami infeksi kecacingan dan mayoritas siswa memiliki kondisi sanitasi lingkungan dan status gizi yang baik.
Hubungan Usia Pertama Pemberian MP-ASI dengan Stunted pada Balita Usia 12-59 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Purwantoro I
Authors: Naufal Sera Musthafa  , Sari Maria Galuh Kamenyangan , Siti Munawaroh
Published: March 2024

Pendahuluan: Stunting merupakan suatu kondisi yang menjadi perhatian kesehatan di  dunia. Balita yang mengalami stunting mengalami dampak besar di kehidupan kedepannya seperti kesehatan, kecerdasan, dan tumbuh kembang anak. Makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) merupakan makanan yang diberikan pada balita sejak usia 6 bulan yang berguna untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan nutrisi balita selain ASI. Namun beberapa balita mendapatkan MP-ASI pada usia >6 bulan, sehingga balita cenderung mengalami malnutrisi dapat berakibat stunting. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan usia pertama pemberian MP-ASI dengan kejadian stunting pada balita.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan adalah balita yang tercatat di rekam medis Puskesmas Purwantoro I yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel pada penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan purposive sampling yang berjumlah 100 balita. Variabel bebas adalah usia pertama pemberian MP-ASI dan variabel terikat adalah kejadian stunting. Data analisis menggunakan uji spearman dengan aplikasi SPSS versi 25.
Hasil: Pada penelitian ini jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan sama banyak, yaitu 50 balita. Sebagian besar usia pertama pemberian MP-ASI adalah 6 bulan berjumlah 75 balita, usia balita terbanyak adalah 48-59 bulan sejumlah 67 balita. Ditemukan kategori Z-score TB/U terbanyak adalah < -2 SD sejumlah 49 balita. Hasil dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman dan didapatkan nilai signifikansi 0,297 (sig. 2 tailed > 0,05).
Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara usia pertama pemberian makanan pendamping ASI dengan stunted pada balita usia 12-59 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Purwantoro I.
Green Economy's Impact on Food Security Program Evaluation
Authors: Utama Zahera Mega , Samad Abdul Wahab , Muhammad Ishaq
Published: March 2024

Sustainable green economic concepts are essential for food security initiatives. Utilising organic fertilisers allows for the long-term preservation of natural ecosystems in the Pinrang Regency and the economic prosperity of local farmers through the sale of agricultural products such as fisheries and plantations. By conducting in-depth interviews with participants, participating in direct observation, and reviewing pertinent materials, the researcher actively examines the study hypothesis in the framework of qualitative research. This qualitative study seeks to understand how organic fertiliser use affects agricultural production. Additionally, the study tries to determine whether this farming approach may improve farmers' quality of life. The study found that a green economy program that improves agricultural productivity could raise farmers' living standards. According to the study's findings, incorporating a green economy program into agricultural practices can enhance agricultural quality, farmers' green economy proficiency, and farmers' collective responsibility for the preservation of the environment.
The Influence of Green Intellectual Capital on Sustainable SMEs
Authors: Styaningrum Farida , Wahjoedi Wahjoedi , Utomo Sugeng Hadi , Mukhlis Imam , Sulistyowati Nur Wahyuning , Fuat’dah Devit Anisatul , Nugrahaningtyas Andien , Qofifah Salmaa Nur
Published: March 2024

Environmental degradation is a global issue that invites attention from various groups, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs). To preserve the environment and build a sustainable business, it is necessary to optimize environmentally friendly resources. Green intellectual capital, which includes green human capital, green structural capital, and green relational capital, can be practiced by SMEs in maintaining sustainable business. The research aims to empirically prove the influence of green intellectual capital on sustainable SMEs. The research adopted a quantitative method with a self-administered survey. The research sample consisted of 157 respondents who were SMEs in Madiun of Indonesia. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using Smart-PLS 3.0 to prove the hypothesis. The results show that green human capital and green relational capital do not have a significant influence on sustainable SMEs. Meanwhile, green structural capital has a significant influence on sustainable SMEs. This implies that SMEs must pay attention to the internal organizational management system in practicing environmentally businesses.
Analysis of South Korea's Macroeconomic Development with the Vector Error Correction Model
Authors: Ahman Eeng , Machmud Amir , Agus Triansyah Fadli
Published: March 2024

This study examines the relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Import (IMP), Inflation (INF), and Unemployment (UNP) in South Korea using the panel vector error correction model (VECM), cointegration, and Granger. VECM is used to analyze the relationship or causality between variables involved in this research in the short and long run. From the estimation results, especially on the variables of interest, there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between Gross Domestic Product, Import, Inflation, and Unemployment, which refers more to short-term causality. Impulse Response Function analysis is used to determine the impact between variables where the results that had a positive effect during the Covid-19 pandemic were import shocks to GDP and unemployment shocks to GDP, while those that had a negative impact were inflation rate shocks to GDP in South Korea during the Covid-19 pandemic.