bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of para‐Aminosalicylic Acid Granules
Authors: Peloquin Charles A. , Henshaw Thomas L. , Huitt Gwen A. , Berning Shaun E. , Nitta Annette T. , James Gordon T.
Published: February 2017

Study Objective. To determine the bioavailability and renal elimination of para‐aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and its inactive metabolite acetyl‐para‐aminosalicylic acid (AcPAS) from a new PAS formulation.

Design. (a) Single‐dose pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers; (b) Day‐1 and day‐8 pharmacokinetic comparison in patients with multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB).

Setting. Referral hospital that specializes in the treatment of mycobacterial infections.

Patients. (a) Twelve healthy male and female volunteers recruited by the investigators. Eleven subjects (92%) completed the study; one subject could not maintain venous access and was removed from the study, (b) Six sequential male and female patients receiving multidrug treatment for advanced MDR‐TB. All patients completed the study.

Interventions. (a) Volunteers received a single 4‐g dose of enteric‐coated PAS granules administered with food. Blood and urine samples were collected over 24 hours after the dose, (b) Patients received 4‐g doses of enteric‐coated PAS granules every 8 hours for 7 days as part of their treatment regimen. Blood samples were obtained at approximately 2,4, and 8 hours after the first dose on day 1 and the twenty‐second dose on day 8.

Measurements and Main Results. Concentrations of PAS and AcPAS were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The serum concentration‐time curves from volunteers and patients showed sustained PAS concentrations, in contrast to immediate‐release sodium PAS tablets. In the six patients with tuberculosis, day 8 concentrations were considerably higher than those on day 1, and all were sustained well above the PAS minimal inhibitory concentration for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Conclusions. Para‐aminosalicylic acid granules produce adequate serum concentrations and appear to be safe.
Picenadol in a Large Multicenter Dental Pain Study
Authors: Goldstein David J. , Brunelle Rocco L. , George Richard E. , Cooper Stephen A. , Desjardins Paul J. , Gaston Gerald W. , Jeffers Gary E. , Gallegos L. Thomas , Reynolds Donald C.
Published: February 2017

Study Objective. To estimate the analgesic dose of picenadol hydrochloride equal to codeine 60 mg in a dental pain model.

Design. Randomized, double‐blind, parallel, dose‐response study.

Setting. Four university‐based dental clinics.

Patients. Four hundred eight adult patients with moderate or severe pain after extraction of one or more impacted molar teeth plus bone removal.

Interventions. Patients received orally administered single doses of picenadol 15 and 30 mg, codeine phosphate 30 and 90 mg, or placebo.

Methods. Single oral doses of picenadol 15 and 30 mg, an opioid agonist‐antagonist, were compared with codeine 30 and 90 mg and placebo in 408 patients with moderate or severe pain from third molar extraction in a randomized, double‐blind, parallel study. Assessments were performed for pain intensity, pain relief, and adverse events for up to 6 hours after drug administration.

Main Results. Picenadol 30 mg and codeine 90 mg were more effective than placebo based on sum of pain intensity differences, total pain relief, peak pain relief, and duration of analgesia (p<0.05). Compared with placebo, the frequency of adverse events was highest for patients receiving codeine 90 mg (p<0.05). No patients discontinued due to adverse events, and all such events resolved spontaneously.

Conclusions. Picenadol 22 mg was estimated to be equianalgesic to codeine 60 mg, and picenadol 30 mg was safe in this dental pain model.
Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a New Oral Cyclosporine Formulation
Authors: Whipple Julianne K. , Lewis Kelly S. , Weitman Steven D. , Ausman Robert K. , Bourne David WA. , Andrews Walter , Adams Mark B. , Sasse Edward A. , Quebbeman Edward J.
Published: February 2017

Study Objective. To compare the pharmacokinetics of a new oral cyclosporine preparation with those of cyclosporine solution diluted in Isocal and the intravenous formulation.

Design. Randomized, crossover trial.

Setting. Tertiary care referral center.

Patients. Seven pediatric liver transplant recipients who were receiving oral cyclosporine as part of their immunosuppressive regimen. All patients completed the study.

Interventions. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed with the intravenous and oral dosage forms. Patients received one dose of intravenous cyclosporine, and then were randomized to receive their usual oral cyclosporine dose incorporated into a chocolate wafer or mixed with Isocal. After a minimum of 3 days, the alternative preparation was administered. Serial cyclosporine blood samples were collected at predetermined intervals for 12 hours after the third dose for each regimen. Concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The data for the three dosage forms were fit simultaneously with a two‐compartment model.

Measurements and Main Results. No difference was seen in F, ka, Cmax, and Wax between the two oral cyclosporine preparations (p>0.05). No new rejection episodes occurred during the study period.

Conclusions. We conclude there is no difference in the bioavailability of the oral solution and the chocolate formulation. We believe the new preparation may increase patient compliance and ensure administration of a complete dose compared with the currently marketed solution.
Development of organic solvent‐free micro‐/nano‐porous polymer scaffolds for musculoskeletal regeneration
Authors: Lin S. T. C. , Musson D. S. , Amirapu S. , Cornish J. , Bhattacharyya D.
Published: February 2017

The use of biomaterial scaffolds has been an enormous field of research in tissue engineering, where the aim is to use graft materials for assisting the human body in recovering lost functions. Currently, there are many ways biomaterial scaffolds can be fabricated; however, many of these techniques involve the use of toxic organic solvents during the process. As biocompatibility is one of the mandatory requirements in designing a successful scaffold, there is an interest in fabricating scaffolds that are completely organic solvent‐free. This paper describes the development and characterization of novel micro‐/nano‐fibrillar composites (MFC/NFC) that can produce scaffolds which are completely free from organic solvents. In this research, the cytocompatibility of these materials have been testedin vitrousing mouse osteoblast‐like cells and primary rat tenocytes, where cell numbers increase over the culture period, demonstrating the material viability. Gene expression analysis of primary rat tenocytes on MFC/NFC scaffolds demonstrate tenocytic behavior, and histology studies show an increase in cell formation on NFC scaffolds. This study establishes the potential of using the MFC/NFC technique to produce completely organic solvent‐free scaffolds capable of hosting musculoskeletal cells, in the hope of providing a graft material for non‐union skeletal fractures and rotator cuff repairs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1393–1404, 2017.
MRI compatibility of several early transition metal based alloys and its influencing factors
Authors: Zhou Da‐Bo , Wang Shao‐Gang , Wang Shao‐Ping , Ai Hong‐Jun , Xu Jian
Published: February 2017

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility of three early transition metal (ETM) based alloys was assessed in vitro with agarose gel as a phantom, including Zr‐20Nb, near‐equiatomic (TiZrNbTa)90Mo10 and Nb‐60Ta‐2Zr, together with pure tantalum and L605 Co‐Cr alloy for comparison. The artifact extent in the MR image was quantitatively characterized according to the maximum area of 2D images and the total volume in reconstructed 3D images with a series of slices under acquisition by fast spin echo (FSE) sequence and gradient echo (GRE) sequence. It was indicated that the artifacts extent of L605 Co‐Cr alloy with a higher magnetic susceptibility (χv) was approximately 3‐fold greater than that of the ETM‐based alloys with χv in the range of 160‐250 ppm. In the ETM group, the MRI compatibility of the materials can be ranked in a sequence of Zr‐20Nb, pure tantalum, (TiZrNbTa)90Mo10 and Nb‐60Ta‐2Zr. In addition, using a rabbit cadaver with the implanted tube specimens as a model for ex vivo assessment, it was confirmed that the artifact severity of Nb‐60Ta‐2Zr alloy is significantly reduced in comparison with the L605 alloy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 377–385, 2018.
Numerical modeling of potassium‐doped polypyrrole/carbon nanotube graphene‐based cholesterol enzyme field effect transistor
Authors: Sharma Purnima Kumari , Dutta Jiten Chandra , Barik Md. Abdul , Sarma Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2017

Potassium‐doped polypyrrole/carbon nanotube (K/PPy/CNT)–based graphene enzyme field‐effect transistor has been modeled for cholesterol detection. The device consists of boron‐doped p‐type graphene as substrate, nitrogen‐doped n‐type graphene as source and drain regions, high‐κ dielectric ZrO2 as gate insulator, and K/PPy/CNT composite as sensing membrane on the top of ZrO2 layer. The modeling is done using the enzymatic reactions of the enzyme cholesterol oxidase on cholesterol substrate, diffusion phenomena of the main substrate (ie, cholesterol) in phosphate buffer saline, acid/base reactions of the product (H2O2) in the phosphate buffer saline solution (pH = 7), and the pH detection properties of ion sensitive field effect transistor. The thickness of the enzyme layer here is in nanometer range, which is very less compared to other enzyme field‐effect transistors whose thickness is in micrometer range. The use of K‐doped CNT as sensing membrane has increased the sensitivity of the device at normal temperature and pH. As a result of this increased sensitivity, variations of the substrate and product concentrations are noticed even at nanometer range of the enzyme layer, which results in change in pH of the ion sensitive field effect transistor. A good fit is obtained between the modeling and experimental results.
Polymeric Delivery of siRNA against Integrin‐β1 (CD29) to Reduce Attachment and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Meenakshi Sundaram Daniel Nisakar , Kucharski Cezary , Parmar Manoj B. , KC Remant Bahadur , Uludağ Hasan
Published: February 2017

Cell surface integrins, which play important roles in the survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells, are a viable target for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. This line of therapy still remains challenging due to the lack of proper identification and validation of effective targets as well as the lack of suitable therapeutic agents for treatment. The focus is on one such molecular target for this purpose, namely integrin‐β1, and effective lowering of integrin‐β1 levels on a breast cancer model (MDA‐MB‐231 cells) is achieved by delivering a dicer‐substrate short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting integrin‐β1 with lipid‐modified low molecular weight polyethylenimine polymers. Reduction of integrin‐β1 levels leads to reduced adhesion of MDA‐MB‐231 cells to extracellular matrix component fibronectin as well as to human bone marrow cells. A reduced migration of the breast cancer cells is also observed after integrin‐β1 silencing in “scratch” and “transwell” migration assays. These results highlight the importance of integrin‐β1 for the migration of metastatic breast cancer cells by effectively silencing this target with a practical dose of siRNA.

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Upcycling of polypropylene—the influence of polyethylene impurities
Authors: Kamleitner F. , Duscher B. , Koch T. , Knaus S. , Archodoulaki V. M.
Published: February 2017

Long chain branching (LCB)—a well‐known industrial process—is shown as an innovative tool for the treatment of PP post‐consumer waste. The introduction of LCB by reactive extrusion does not only compensate the degradation during product life (e.g., thermally and UV‐induced chain scission), it also improves the melt properties (e.g., melt strength, strain hardening). Thus, not only a re‐cycling process, even a real “up‐cycling” can be achieved. Compared with virgin material, PP from post‐consumer waste contains impurities like other polyolefines (PE‐HD, PE‐LD, PE‐LLD, copolymers), the total removal is economically not viable. Hence, the focus of this work was the influence of PE‐HD on the LCB formation of PP. Based on model mixtures with virgin PP and 10% PE‐HD, it is shown that PE‐HD influences the mechanical properties and gel content of the chemically modified blend but has no detrimental effect on the improved melt properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:1374–1381, 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Quinoxaline‐based D‐A conjugated polymers for organic solar cells: Probing the effect of quinoxaline side chains and fluorine substitution on the power conversion efficiency
Authors: Choi Suna , Park Gi Eun , Lee Dae Hee , Godumala Mallesham , Cho Min Ju , Choi Dong Hoon
Published: February 2017

We describe the successful synthesis of four novel donor‐acceptor (D‐A) type copolymers, referred to as PQxBT, PQxFBT, TQxBT, and TQxFBT. The effects of using a fluorinated bithiophene (FBT) and varying the side‐chain moieties tethered to the quinoxaline (Qx) unit (electron‐withdrawing group in the polymer backbone) on the physical properties and photovoltaic performance were investigated. Specifically, the four polymers were synthesized using either alkoxyphenyl (P) or alkylthiophene (T) units anchored to the quinoxaline in the polymer backbone. The FBT‐bearing polymers, PQxFBT and TQxFBT, displayed more redshifted absorption spectra and higher crystallinity owing to the greater planarity of their polymer backbone as compared to the non‐fluorinated polymers. The TQxFBT copolymer, equipped with both the alkylthiophene side chains and FBT, exhibited face‐on orientation in film state and a well‐mixed nanophase morphology in TQxFBT:PC71BM blend films. The photovoltaic device fabricated from TQxFBT:PC71BM exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency of 4.18%. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 55, 1209–1218
Synthesis, Structure and Photophysical Properties of Pyrene–based [5]Helicenes: an Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Wang Chuan‐Zeng , Kihara Rie , Feng Xing , Thuéry Pierre , Redshaw Carl , Yamato Takehiko
Published: February 2017

Pyrene‐cored [5]helicenes were prepared by a facile, efficient Wittig reaction and an intramolecular photocyclization reaction utilising 2,7‐di‐tert‐butylpyrene‐4‐carbaldehyde and naphthalene/pyrene‐based phosphorus ylides. Optical properties based on UV−vis absorption and fluorescence spectra were investigated. X‐ray crystallography revealed that the pyrene‐based [5]helicenes exhibited strong face‐to‐face π−π interactions and edge‐to‐face π−π interactions. HOMO and LUMO energies and molecular orbitals were also studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study has revealed that the torsion angle of the helical structure plays a role in determining the π−π interactions and the frontier molecular orbital energy levels. Thus, pyrene‐based helicenes need to be considered when one designs new highly efficient organic light‐emitting diodes and organic semiconductor materials.
Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance of Hydrogen Treated Hematite Thin Films Decorated with a Thin Akaganéite (β‐FeOOH) Layer
Authors: Singh Aadesh P , Saini Nishant , Mehta Bodh R
Published: February 2017

Poor oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the surface of hematite is the limiting factor for overall photoactivity of hematite photoanode in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell for water oxydation. Herein, we effectively suppress the bulk carrier recombination by enhancing the propensity of surface‐reaching holes by dual modification, hydrogen treatment and β‐FeOOH loading in rf‐sputtered hematite (α‐Fe2O3) thin films. Hydrogen treatment in α‐Fe2O3 (H:α‐Fe2O3) improves the flat band potential and donor density thereby activating the α‐Fe2O3 photoanode for water splitting. However, the thin coating of FeOOH, an oxygen evolution catalyst (OEC), on the surface of α‐Fe2O3 photoanode reduces the interface recombination at the junction. The resulting β‐FeOOH/H:α‐Fe2O3 photoanode achieve a considerably higher photocurrent density (Jp ∼1.55 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs RHE) and more negative shift in the onset potential (‐0.60 V vs RHE) with respect to the pristine α‐Fe2O3 (0.60 V vs RHE) and exhibit long term stability under visible light illumination (λ > 420 nm). This work offer a simple but advance strategy of improving the performance of visible light active photocatalysts by hydrogen treatment and β‐FeOOH coating and open‐up the door for other applications such as dye degradation, solar water splitting, CO2 reduction etc under visible light illumination.
One–pot Synthesis of Blue–green Emitting Fluorophores
Authors: Xie Miao , Sun Yingkai , Zhang Yan , Zhao Sanxiao , Jiang Jie , Wang Xiaorong
Published: February 2017

A series of new “blue to green” chromophores 5‐triazolo[1,5‐α]pyrazinepyrrol‐2‐ones were prepared in high yields and characterised (1H and 13C NMR, X‐ray crystallography, elemental analysis, MS, photophysics, and DFT/TDDFT computations (B3LYP)), the aggregation (solution → solid state) of these chromophores caused a blue‐shift of ∼29 nm at room temperature, while shifts of up to ∼50 nm were observed at 77 K. The quantum yield could reach ∼20 % at 77 K. The ∼ns lifetimes scale indicated fluorescence. This work revealed a novel approach for creating dyes and extended the application of β‐lactam carbenes to the synthesis of complex heterocycles.
Di–tert–butyl N,N‐diethylphosphoramidite as an Air Stable Ligand for Suzuki‐Miyaura and Buchwald‐Hartwig Reactions
Authors: Ilie Adriana , Roiban Gheorghe‐Doru , Reetz Manfred T.
Published: February 2017

We describe herein an air stable phosphorus ligand for both Suzuki‐Miyaura and Buchwald‐Hartwig palladium‐catalyzed cross coupling reactions. The versatility of the Pd(dba)2‐di‐tert‐butyl N,N‐diethylphosphoramidite catalytic system is demonstrated for a variety of aryl and heteroaryl halides. This ligand is ‘’bench stable’’ which allows easy catalyst preparation. Moreover, even at low catalyst loadings (0.5 %), excellent yields are usually achieved.
Correlation of Controllable Aggregation with Light‐Emitting Property in Polymer Blend Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Kim Young‐Tae , Seol Jae‐Bok , Kim Young‐Hoon , Ahn Hyung‐Joo , Park Chan‐Gyung
Published: February 2017

The control of solution‐processed emitting layers in organic‐based optoelectronic devices enables cost‐effective processing and highly efficient properties. However, a solution‐based protocol for emitter fabrication is highly complex, and the link between the device performance and internal nanoscale features as well as three associated fabricating parameters (e.g., the employed solvents, annealing temperatures, and molecular concentration) needs to be understood. Here, this study investigates the influence of the solution‐processing parameters on the nanostructure–property relationship in light emitters that consist of iridium complexes doped in polymer. The boiling points and evaporation rates of the selected solvents govern the nanomorphology of molecular aggregation in the as‐processed state, and the aggregation is either needle‐like, spherical, or even a mixture of needles and spheres. Furthermore, a direct observation via in situ heating microscopy indicates that annealing of emitters containing a needle‐type aggregation promotes the associated molecular transport, leading to a substantial reduction in the surface roughness. Consequently, a nearly threefold increase in the current efficiency of the device is induced. These findings have important implications for the tuning of the aggregation of iridium complexes for emitters used in the new evolution of high‐performance organic‐based optoelectronic devices.
Giving Feedback: Preparing Students for Peer Review and Self‐Evaluation
Authors: Philippakos Zoi A.
Published: January 2017

Revision is an important aspect of the writing process but is often challenging for students. Peer review can be helpful, but training is needed for it to work effectively. This article suggests an approach to preparing students for peer review by teaching specific evaluation criteria and leading collaborative practice in reviewing papers written by unknown peers. This practice supports self‐evaluation as well as peer review and increases students’ knowledge of effective writing and the quality of their own writing. Specific examples are presented to demonstrate the effects of this approach.
Does dual tasking ability change with age across childhood and adolescence? A systematic scoping review
Authors: Saxena Shikha , Cinar Eda , Majnemer Annette , Gagnon Isabelle
Published: February 2017

The aim of this literature search was to identify nature and extent of the evidence supporting the development of dual tasking skills in typically developing children. We systematically searched PsycINFO, Ovid and Pubmed for studies evaluating dual task performances of children and adolescents <18 years of age. 31 studies published in English from 1990 to 2016 were included. A descriptive analysis was used for data extraction and charting. Study findings reported that age influenced dual task performances under difficult or complex task conditions but they were found to be inconclusive when the tasks were equated at everyone's difficulty level. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to meet the methodological and interpretive challenges to investigate if task coordination in children is affected by the dual tasking skills or just by development of motor and cognitive systems in isolation.
Patient and caregiver reactions to clinical amyloid imaging
Authors: Grill Joshua D. , Cox Chelsea G. , Kremen Sarah , Mendez Mario F. , Teng Edmond , Shapira Jill , Ringman John M. , Apostolova Liana G.
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Amyloid imaging is a tool that has recently become available to dementia specialists evaluating patients with possible Alzheimer's disease. Studies have assessed the impact of amyloid imaging on diagnostic and treatment decisions, but patient and family perspectives have received less attention.

Methods

To examine how amyloid imaging affects the diagnostic experience of patients and families, we interviewed members of 26 patient‐caregiver dyads with whom a neurologist discussed the option of amyloid positron emission tomography.

Results

Most participants who chose to undergo amyloid imaging would choose to do so again. Regardless of the scan outcome, patients and caregivers commonly expressed relief on learning the scan results. Some participants expressed expectations that were beyond scan capabilities.

Discussion

Amyloid imaging may provide information that patients and their families find useful. Clinicians must set correct expectations and ensure that families understand the limitations of amyloid imaging.
Psychological and Lifestyle Factors That Influence the Serial Reporting of Postconcussion‐like Symptoms in a Non‐concussed Population
Authors: Balasundaram Arun Prasad , Athens Josie , Schneiders Anthony Gerard , McCrory Paul , Sullivan Stephen John
Published: February 2017

Background

Symptoms related to concussion are generally nonspecific in nature, as they are also reported by non‐concussed individuals. What is currently not known is whether the symptoms vary over time, and whether they are also influenced by a multitude of factors.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential influence of psychological, lifestyle, and situational factors on the change in postconcussion‐like symptoms reported over 7 consecutive days in a cohort of normal individuals.

Design

This was a longitudinal observational study.

Setting

The setting was a real‐world context.

Participants

A convenience sample of 180 non‐concussed university students were enrolled. Of these, 110 participants provided data for the entire period of the study.

Methods

An experience‐sampling methodology was used to document the symptoms reported over time. Stepwise multivariate linear mixed‐effects modeling was performed to identify the predictors contributing to the serially reported symptoms.

Independent Variables

Independent variables considered were gender, time of the day, location, primary activity, and type of interactant (person) of the participant, physical activity status, trouble sleeping, alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption, stress, anxiety, depression, mental and physical fatigue, and life stressors.

Main Outcome Measures

The key outcome measures were the change in total symptom score (TSSchange) and symptom severity score (SSSchange) reported over 7 consecutive days.

Results

The predictors of location at the time of reporting, physical fatigue (estimate: −0.98, P < .001) and mental fatigue (estimate: −0.53, P < .001) contributed to the TSSchange. Post hoc analysis of the variable of location at the time of reporting revealed that participants reported increased TSSchange when they were at a café/restaurant compared to a flat/college or university.

Conclusions

A number of factors within the context of daily life influenced the postconcussion‐like symptoms reported over time. These findings indicate that clinicians need to be cautious when interpreting the serially assessed symptom scores to track the recovery profile of a concussed athlete to make decisions on return‐to‐play. Additional investigation is warranted to examine the change in symptom scores reported over time by concussed individuals, considering that this study was conducted in a nonconcussed cohort.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
Self‐Reported Driving Difficulty in Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury: Its Central Role in Psychological Well‐Being
Authors: Winter Laraine , Moriarty Helene J. , Short Thomas H.
Published: February 2017

Background

The ability to drive is a core function supporting independent living. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may impair driving capacity in numerous ways. Previous research has documented that individuals with TBI have more driving‐related problems than other people and has identified predictors of driving status or capacity, mostly among civilians; however, no research has examined the implications of driving limitations for the well‐being of individuals with TBI.

Objective

To examine the association between self‐reported difficulty in driving with important domains of psychological well‐being in veterans with TBI, with adjustment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and years since most recent TBI.

Design

Cross‐sectional.

Setting

Veterans' homes.

Participants

A total of 61 veterans of the Global Wars on Terrorism diagnosed with TBI, all outpatients at a Veterans Affairs medical center rehabilitation service.

Methods

Home interviews as a baseline assessment for a larger randomized controlled trial.

Main Outcome Measures

Community reintegration (extent of social participation), depressive symptomatology, and role limitations due to physical health problems and those due to emotional problems. Self‐rated competence in driving was the predictor, and sociodemographic characteristics, diagnosis of PTSD, severity of TBI, and time since most recent TBI were covariates.

Results

Self‐rated driving difficulty was associated with decreased community reintegration (β = .280, P =.028), greater depressive symptomatology (β = −.402, P < .001), and greater role limitations due to physical problems (β = −.312, P =.011) and to emotional problems (β = −.324, P = .006), after we adjusted for PTSD and other variables.

Discussion

The self‐reported ability to drive seems to be central to psychological well‐being in veterans with TBI, showing clear associations with depression, community reintegration, and health‐related role limitations. These associations cannot be attributed to comorbid PTSD.

Conclusion

Rehabilitation specialists should view driving difficulty as a risk factor for poor psychosocial outcomes in veterans with TBI and seek ways to compensate for the veteran's loss of driving if it is no longer advisable.

Level of Evidence

II
Convergence and partial regularity for weak solutions of some nonlinear elliptic equation: the supercritical case
Authors: Pacard Frank
Published: February 2017

In this paper we prove a partial regularity result for stationary weak solutions of

–Δu = u^α

, when

α

is greater than the critical Sobolev exponent.

On démontre dans cet article un résultat de régularité partielle pour les solutions faibles stationnaires de

–Δu = u^α

lorsque l’exposant

α

est supérieur à l’exposant critique de Sobolev.
Plenty of elliptic islands for the standard family of area preserving maps
Authors: Duarte Pedro
Published: February 2017

For the Standard Map, a well-known family of conservative diffeomorphisms on the torus, we construct
large
basic sets which fill in the torus as the parameter runs to

∞

. Then we prove that, for a residual set of large parameters, these basic sets are accumulated by elliptic periodic islands. We also show that there exists a

k_0 > 0

and a dense set of parameters in

[k_0, ∞)

for which the standard map exhibits homoclinic tangencies.

Pour l’application Standard, une famille bien connue des difféomorphismes conservatives sur le Tore, on construit des ensembles hyperboliques qui remplissent le tore lorsque le paramètre tend vers l’infini. On démontre alors que pour un ensemble résiduel de grands paramètres ces ensembles hyperboliques sont accumulés par des îles elliptiques périodiques. Nous montrons aussi qu’il existe

k_0 > 0

et un ensemble dense des paramètres dans

[k_0, ∞)

pour lesquels l’application Standard présente des tangences homoclines.
A general approach for multiconfiguration methods in quantum molecular chemistry
Authors: Le Bris Claude
Published: February 2017

We are concerned with a family of minimization problems arising in Quantum Chemistry for the modelling of the ground state of a molecule. We study the multiconfiguration methods, which are an extension of the well known Hartree–Fock method. We propose a general approach to prove the existence of the ground state in this framework. We apply our approach to two particular cases.

Nous nous intéressons à une classe de problèmes de minimisation issus de la chimie quantique. Nous étudions les méthodes multidéterminants (ou multiconfigurations) de modélisation de l’état fondamental d’une molécule. Dans ce cadre, qui est une extension de la théorie de Hartree–Fock, nous proposons une approche générale pour prouver l’existence de l’état fondamental. A titre d’exemple, nous utilisons cette approche pour l’étude de deux cas particuliers.
Prescribing the Jacobian determinant in Sobolev spaces
Authors: Dong Ye
Published: February 2017

Let

Ω

be a bounded domain in

\mathrm R^n

with regular boundary. In this paper, we study the equations of the type

\det (∇ u (x)) = f

in

Ω

and

u (x) = x

on

∂Ω

where

f

lies in some Sobolev spaces. We establish some existence and non-existence results. A discussion of general cases is also included.

Soit

Ω

un domaine borné régulier de

\mathrm R^n

. Dans cet article, nous allons étudier les équations du type

\det (∇ u (x)) = f

dans

Ω

et

u (x) = x

sur

∂Ω

avec

f

appartenant à certains espaces de Sobolev. Nous établissons quelques résultats d′existence et de non-existence. Une discussion pour des cas généraux est aussi incluse.
The initial-boundary value problem for the non-barotropic compressible Euler equations: structural-stability and data dependence
Authors: da Veiga H. Beirão
Published: February 2017

We study the initial-boundary value problem for general compressible inviscid fluids. Let

\mathrm U_0, \mathrm U'_0 \in \mathrm{H}^{k}

and

U, U' \in C (0, T; \mathrm H^k)

denote initial data and corresponding solutions, respectively. From the point of view of dynamical systems, a very basic problem is to prove that

\mathrm U'

converges to

\mathrm U

in

С (0, Τ; \mathrm H^k)

if

\mathrm{U}_{0}'

converges to

\mathrm U_0

in

\mathrm H^k

; this is proved in Theorem 1.2 below. It must be pointed out that convergence in

C(0, T; \mathrm H^{k − ε})

and in

L^∞(0, T; \mathrm H^k)

weak-

\ast

(easy consequences of the
a priori
estimates used to prove the existence theorem) have minor significance as part of the mathematical theory. We also show (Theorem 1.3) that if

ρ' (p, S)

approaches

ρ (p, S)

in

C^k

then

\mathrm U'

approaches

\mathrm U

in the norm

C (0, T; \mathrm H^k)

. In particular, small perturbations in the law of state generate small perturbations in the trajectory of the solution, with respect to the right metric.

Nous étudions le problème mixte pour des fluides non visqueux, dans le cas général. Soient

\mathrm U_0, \mathrm{U}_{0}' \in \mathrm{H}^{k}

et

U, U' \in C (0, T; \mathrm H^k)

respectivement les données initiales et les solutions correspondantes. Du point de vue des systèmes dynamiques, un problème essentiel consiste à démontrer que

\mathrm{U}'

converge vers

\mathrm U

dans

С (0, T; \mathrm H^k)

lorsque

\mathrm{U}_{0}^{′}

converge vers

\mathrm U_0

dans

\mathrm H^k

; on démontre ce résultat dans le Théorème 1.2. En plus, on démontre (Théorème 1.3) que si

ρ′ (p, S)

converge vers

ρ (p, S)

dans

C^k

alors

\mathrm U′

converge vers

\mathrm U

dans

С (0, T; \mathrm H^k)

.
On parabolic initial-boundary value problems with critical growth for the gradient
Authors: Landes Rüdiger , Mustonen Vesa
Published: February 2017

We prove the existence of weak solutions for the initial-boundary value problem of the quasilinear parabolic equation

\frac{∂u}{∂t} + \mathrm{A}(u) + g(x,\:t,\:u,\:\mathrm{D}u) = f.

Here

\mathrm{A}

is a Leray–Lions type operator from

\mathscr V=\mathrm L^p(o,T,W^{1,p}_0(\Omega))

to its dual space

\mathscr V^*

,

g

is a nonlinear term with critical growth with respect to

\mathrm{D}u

satisfying a sign condition and no growth condition with respect to

u

;

f

is a given element in

\mathscr V^*

.

Nous démontrons l’existence des solutions faibles du problème parabolique quasilinéaire

\frac{∂u}{∂t} + \mathrm{A}(u) + g(x,\:t,\:u,\:\mathrm{D}u) = f.

avec conditions aux limites et initiales. Ici

\mathrm{A}

est un opérateur de type Leray–Lions de l’espace

\mathscr V=\mathrm L^p(o,T,W^{1,p}_0(\Omega))

à valeurs dans

\mathscr V^*

,

g

est un terme non linéaire à croissance critique en

\mathrm{D}u

, qui satisfait une condition de signe et dont la croissance en

u

n’est pas limitée;

ƒ

est un élément donné de

\mathscr V^*

.
Mountain pass theorems and global homeomorphism theorems
Authors: Katriel Guy
Published: February 2017

We show that mountain-pass theorems can be used to derive global homeomorphism theorems. Two new mountain-pass theorems are proved, generalizing the “smooth” mountain-pass theorem, one applying in locally compact topological spaces, using Hofer’s concept of mountain-pass point, and another applying in complete metric spaces, using a generalized notion of critical point similar to the one introduced by Ioffe and Schwartzman. These are used to prove global homeomorphism theorems for certain topological and metric spaces, generalizing known global homeomorphism theorems for mappings between Banach spaces.

On montre que des théorèmes du col peuvent être utilisés pour dériver des théorèmes d’homéomorphisme global. On prouve deux nouveaux théorèmes du col qui généralisent le théorème du col « lisse », l’un s’appliquant à des espaces topologiques localement compacts, avec emploi du concept du point de col de Hofer, et l’autre s’appliquant à des espaces métriques complets, en utilisant un concept généralisé de point critique ressemblant à celui introduit par Ioffe et Schwartzman. Ils sont utilisés pour prouver des théorèmes d’homéomorphisme global pour certains espaces topologiques et métriques généralisant des théorèmes d’homéomorphisme global connus concernant des applications entre espaces de Banach.
On the vanishing viscosity approximation to the Cauchy problem for a 2×2 system of conservation laws
Authors: Rubino Bruno
Published: February 2017

This paper is concerned with a non-strictly hyperbolic system of conservation laws. We study the existence of weak solutions to the associated Cauchy problem, in the framework of

L^∞

, using the methods of compensated compactness. Some previous results for quadratic systems have been generalized.

Étant donné un certain système de lois de conservation faiblement hyperbolique, on étudie l’existence d’une solution faible dans

L^∞

du problème de Cauchy associé en utilisant les méthodes de la compacité par compensation. De cette façon, on généralise quelques-uns des résultats connus pour les systèmes quadratiques.
Subpolar settlement in South Polynesia
Authors: Anderson Atholl
Published: January 2017

Archaeological research in the Auckland Islands, south of New Zealand, has disclosed earth ovens, middens and flaked stone tools dating to the thirteenth–fourteenth centuries AD. This is the first site of prehistoric settlement in the outlying islands of the Subantarctic. Polynesians and their dogs survived on seals and seabirds for at least one summer. The new data complete a survey of colonisation in the outlying archipelagos of South Polynesia and show that it occurred contemporaneously, rapidly and in all directions from mainland New Zealand.
Attention and multisensory modulation argue against total encapsulation
Authors: de Haas Benjamin , Schwarzkopf Dietrich Samuel , Rees Geraint
Published: January 2017

Firestone & Scholl (F&S) postulate that vision proceeds without any direct interference from cognition. We argue that this view is extreme and not in line with the available evidence. Specifically, we discuss two well-established counterexamples: Attention directly affects core aspects of visual processing, and multisensory modulations of vision originate on multiple levels, some of which are unlikely to fall “within perception.”
The distinction between perception and judgment, if there is one, is not clear and intuitive
Authors: Keller Andreas
Published: January 2017

Firestone & Scholl (F&S) consider the distinction between judgment and perception to be clear and intuitive. Their intuition is based on considerations about visual perception. That such a distinction is clear, or even existent, is less obvious in nonvisual modalities. Failing to distinguish between perception and judgment is therefore not a flaw in investigating top-down effects of cognition on perception, as the authors suggest. Instead, it is the result of considering the variety of human perception.
Evaluation of Available Tools for Assessment of Emerging Risks of Nanomaterials
Authors: Rickerby David G. , Rio Echevarria Iria M. , Skouloudis Andreas N.
Published: January 2017

The environmental and health effects of nanomaterials represent significant emerging
risks. However, there is at present rather limited knowledge regarding the ways in which nanomaterials might be released from products and enter the environment or how they are transported and accumulate in ecosystems. Additional data is therefore needed to estimate the possible release of nanomaterials at various stages of the life- cycle to allow identification of potential pathways into the environment. Available tools for risk assessment of nanomaterials are reviewed with the aim of identifying unknowns and uncertainties and data requirements. To carry out risk assessment it is first necessary to determine where nanomaterials are likely to present hazards that are different from those of conventional chemicals and therefore where the challenges will be greatest. Some of the limitations of current risk assessment methodologies for nanomaterials are examined.
Paving the Way to an Improved, Modern Management of Risk: The new European Commission's Better Regulation Strategy
Authors: Meads Richard , Allio Lorenzo
Published: January 2017

This section regularly examines Regulatory Impact Assessment (IA) at three levels: the EU, theMember States and internationally. Contributions aim to cover aspects such as the interface between IA and risk analysis, looking atmethodologies as well as legal and political science-related issues. Contributions are meant to report and critically assess recent developments in the field, develop strategic thinking, and make constructive recommendations for improving performance in IA processes.
Erratum: Hearing the Shape of the Ising Model with a Programmable Superconducting-Flux Annealer
Authors: Vinci Walter , Markström Klas , Boixo Sergio , Roy Aidan , Spedalieri Federico M. , Warburton Paul A. , Severini Simone
Published: January 2017

Scientific Reports 4: Article number: 5703; published online: 16 July 2014; updated: 31 January 2017. This article was originally published under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license, but has now been made available under a CC BY 4.0 license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.
Feasibility of alternating induction and maintenance chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hann Alexander , Bohle Wolfram , Egger Jan , Zoller Wolfram
Published: January 2017

Chemotherapy regimens for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have changed since the introduction of FOLFIRINOX. Due to toxicity, dosage and number of applied cycles are limited. In analogy to chemotherapy strategies in colon cancer we used a scheme of induction, maintenance and re-induction therapy in PDAC to alleviate such toxicities and increase the number of applied cycles. Here we report first experiences with this approach. Data of all patients who received FOLFIRINOX for metastatic or locally advanced PDAC in our center using induction chemotherapy followed by maintenance therapy from 2011 until November 2016 was collected and analyzed retrospectively. Progression free survival was assessed starting induction therapy until progressive disease (PD) during maintenance or treatment pause (PFS1) and until progression during re-induction therapy (PFS2). 13 patients received induction therapy which was followed by maintenance therapy. Re-induction due to PD during therapy was applied in 11 patients. The median PFS1 was 10.6 months (95% CI; 6.7–14.4), PFS2 was 14.1 months (95% CI; 8.2–19.9) and overall survival was 18.3 months (95% CI; 14.8–21.8). The use of FOLFIRINOX as induction, followed by maintenance and re-induction therapy in case of PD is feasible in the treatment of PDAC and might lead to a prolonged PFS with less toxicity.
Intranasal Delivery of A Novel Amnion Cell Secretome Prevents Neuronal Damage and Preserves Function In A Mouse Multiple Sclerosis Model
Authors: Khan Reas S. , Dine Kimberly , Bauman Bailey , Lorentsen Michael , Lin Lisa , Brown Helayna , Hanson Leah R. , Svitak Aleta L. , Wessel Howard , Brown Larry , Shindler Kenneth S.
Published: January 2017

The ability of a novel intranasally delivered amnion cell derived biologic to suppress inflammation, prevent neuronal damage and preserve neurologic function in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model of multiple sclerosis was assessed. Currently, there are no existing optic nerve treatment methods for disease or trauma that result in permanent vision loss. Demyelinating optic nerve inflammation, termed optic neuritis, induces permanent visual dysfunction due to retinal ganglion cell damage in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. ST266, the biological secretome of Amnion-derived Multipotent Progenitor cells, contains multiple anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Intranasally administered ST266 accumulated in rodent eyes and optic nerves, attenuated visual dysfunction, and prevented retinal ganglion cell loss in experimental optic neuritis, with reduced inflammation and demyelination. Additionally, ST266 reduced retinal ganglion cell deathin vitro. Neuroprotective effects involved oxidative stress reduction, SIRT1-mediated mitochondrial function promotion, and pAKT signaling. Intranasal delivery of neuroprotective ST266 is a potential novel, noninvasive therapeutic modality for the eyes, optic nerves and brain. The unique combination of biologic molecules in ST266 provides an innovative approach with broad implications for suppressing inflammation in autoimmune diseases, and for preventing neuronal damage in acute neuronal injury and chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Cu1.8S-Passivated carbon dots for enhancing photocatalytic activity
Authors: Chang Qing , Han Xuejun , Xue Chaorui , Yang Jinlong , Hu Shengliang
Published: January 2017

Carbon dots are passivated by a small amount of Cu1.8S and show excellent photocatalytic activities in redox processes.
Electrochemical impedance analysis of perovskite–electrolyte interfaces
Authors: Li Zhen , Mercado Candy C. , Yang Mengjin , Palay Ethan , Zhu Kai
Published: January 2017

The flat band potentials and carrier densities of spin coated and sprayed MAPbI3, FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3, and MAPbBr3 perovskite films were determined using the Mott–Schottky relation.
Mechanistic insights on the electronic properties and electronic/atomic structure aspects in orthorhombic SrVO3 thin films: XANES–EXAFS study
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Varshney Mayora , Cheol Lim Weon , Shin Hyun-Joon , Pal Singh Jitendra , Ok Won Sung , Hwa Chae Keun
Published: January 2017

Distortion in the V–O6 octahedra is observed in SrVO3 thin films and leads to larder separation between bonding and anti-bonding d‖ orbitals.
A versatile carbohydrate based gelator for oil water separation, nanoparticle synthesis and dye removal
Authors: Narayana Chintam , Upadhyay Ravi Kant , Chaturvedi Raman , Sagar Ram
Published: January 2017

A versatile green gelator suitable for multiple applications is reported. Gelation of organic solvents in a significantly low gelation time (<5 s) is achieved.
Correction: Carbon quantum dots as a visible light sensitizer to significantly increase the solar water splitting performance of bismuth vanadate photoanodes
Authors: Ye Kai-Hang , Wang Zilong , Gu Jiuwang , Xiao Shuang , Yuan Yufei , Zhu Yi , Zhang Yuanming , Mai Wenjie , Yang Shihe
Published: January 2017

Correction for ‘Carbon quantum dots as a visible light sensitizer to significantly increase the solar water splitting performance of bismuth vanadate photoanodes’ by Kai-Hang Ye et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c6ee03442j.
Towards environmentally acceptable synthesis of chiral α-hydroxy ketones via oxidase-lyase cascades
Authors: Schmidt Sandy , Pedroso de Almeida Tiago , Rother Dörte , Hollmann Frank
Published: January 2017

Product precipitation as well as a smart reaction design was applied for the synthesis of chiral hydroxyketones on preparative scale.