bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on ballistic correction technique based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle
Authors: Wang S L , Chen K
Published: December 2024

The research endeavor focuses on optimizing ballistic trajectories for correction mortar shells, employing Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) grounded in energy conservation. A controlled particle ballistic model is established for the corrective projectiles, facilitating the derivation of control strategies targeting ballistic attributes. Leveraging MATLAB’s simulation capabilities, this study explores the variable tendencies of trajectory incline, tangential overload, and projectile velocity under a semi-constrained framework—fixed launch points and flexible terminal states. Simultaneously, the corrective efficacy of projectiles is validated. Simulation outcomes affirm that integrating PMP with the projectiles’ mathematical model constitutes a potent approach to resolving ballistic optimization challenges, thereby enhancing trajectory precision and overall projectile performance. This work underscores the significance of optimal control methodologies in advancing projectile technology.
Research on the influence of each interference factor on the testing accuracy of pulse current sensor and improvement method
Authors: Ding W J , Li H Y , Zhang H Y
Published: December 2024

The excellent performance of rogowski coils is often used as current sensors during transient pulse high current testing. In order to ensure the accuracy of the measurements, it is necessary to consider the influence that various factors may have on the results in practical applications. Rogowski coil structure, external magnetic field interference, current-carrying conductor installation position, the size of the current-carrying conductor and other interfering factors are quantitatively analyzed, and measures are proposed to improve the accuracy of Rogowski coil measurement. The analyses show that each of the interfering factors affects the accuracy of the rogowski coil to some extent. Among them, the interfering magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the rogowski coil has the greatest effect.
Simulation analysis of transient thermal distribution of electromagnetic gun repeated launch
Authors: Song J Z , Li H Y , Zhou F , Wang Z F
Published: December 2024

In order to study the distribution of transient thermal effects on the rail during the repeated launching of the electromagnetic gun, and to avoid the accumulation of heat that could damage the launching accuracy and the life of the gun, a two-dimensional finite element simulation was carried out. This simulation was based on the ANSYS finite element analysis software and focused on several typical positions of cross-sections of the rail. By observing the change of transient thermal in the cross section under repeated launch, the changes of node temperature in different positions of the rail over time and the change of transient thermal in the rail under temperature-dependent conductivity, the law of current density and energy accumulation is summarized, and the subsequent design of rail structure and thermal management should pay attention to the cooling of the rail bore and the starting position of the armature, and point out that the influence of the temperature on the conductivity should be taken into account in the rail thermal study.
Discussion on the reverse recovery characteristics and protection methods of high-power silicon stack in electromagnetic railgun pulse forming network
Authors: Liu Y Y , Liu J , Li J
Published: December 2024

In response to the problem of adverse effects on circuit elements caused by the reverse recovery characteristics of electromagnetic railgun freewheeling silicon stack during the sequential discharge process of pulse forming network, this paper uses the existing diode reverse recovery model and simulates the I-t and U-t change curves during the diode reverse recovery process through numerical calculation methods, obtaining results that are consistent with expectations. And through the pulse forming network composed of two modules in parallel, the changes in load voltage during the PFN timing discharge process were analyzed, and the impact of the reverse recovery process of the freewheeling diode on the power module was analyzed. Explored the influence of storage time and recovery time on the peak reverse current and maximum current change rate during reverse recovery process, and verified the correctness of the theory that if the reverse recovery time is too short, it can also cause damage to semiconductor components in the circuit.
Capacitor cell for generation pulses with high repetition rate
Authors: Enikeev R. , Fridman B , Kryukov Yu , Medvedev M , Nechaev N , Podduev M , Serebrov R , Khapugin A , Muskatinev V , Nemaev D
Published: December 2024

The capacitor cell with stored energy 36 kJ is intended for work with pulse repetition rate 1 Hz in the stationary capacitive energy store. Discharge current switching is provided by the semiconductor commutator unit which includes the RSD switches, blocking and crowbar diodes. There is forced liquid-cooling of the semiconductor devices in the capacitor cell.
Analysis and Improvement of Feed HPM Breakdown
Authors: Zhang Fan , He Pengjun , Zheng Muzhao , Xie Jiangyuan , Xie Jun , Feng Yuwen
Published: December 2024

Antenna feed, as a crucial component of High Power Microwave (HPM) systems, plays a vital role in facilitating the transmission of microwave from vacuum environment to atmospheric space. However, the feed HPM breakdown has become as a frequent fault phenomenon evidently affecting the HPM system stability and output. In this paper, the abnormal waveform during a feed of a HPM simulator test has been studied, it was found that there was severe electric field distortion around the dielectric window fixing screw in the simulation of the feed, much lager than the breakdown threshold. To address this issue, the nylon material screws were employed as replacements for metal screws. In addition, the novel flute in the surface of the dielectric window is designed. The single-shot and repeated tests demonstrated that the improvement were effective, as the fault phenomenon was completely eradicated.
Design and optimization of an automatic selection and loading robot for artillery propellants
Authors: Wang Meng , Han Xuanxuan , Guo Xinxi , Zhou Wenqing , Gong Borui , Cui Qingchun
Published: December 2024

In order to promote the development of unmanned artillery and solve the problem of automatic selection and loading of propellants, this article develops a five degree-of-freedom SLP-Rob robot inspired by behavioural bionic design. By integrating robot and mechanism technology, this robot could imitate the manual selection and loading process of propellants, and its structural composition and working principle are detailed. Furthermore, to meet the mass requirement of this robot under stiffness constraints, the stiffness and mass modelling of the robotic arm were carried out, and a lightweight design was implemented using particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results show that the robot can achieve the basic action of propellants selection and loading, and the mass is reduced by 10.94%, thereby confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution in this paper.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on High-power Plasma Generator
Authors: Yuan Gao , Yazhou Zhang , Jian Wang , Yanming Li , Shuyong Han
Published: December 2024

High power energy output is achieved through a plasma generator, which has great application scenarios in the fields of phase change work and spray damage. However, the plasma concentration between electrodes is high, the temperature is high, and the motion speed is high. The physical environment is complex, and the time scale is extremely small. It is difficult to directly measure parameters such as ion temperature and ion velocity distribution through experiments. This article is based on the magneto-hydro-dynamics (MHD) model and sets boundary conditions based on experimental research results to model and simulate the magnetic flow field of a generator containing plasma. The model takes into account the physical properties of multiple components of plasma, and analyzes the flow field characteristics of the plasma generator under high-energy action based on the simulation results.
Adaptive arc suppression strategy for single-phase ground faults in distribution networks using power routers
Authors: Xia Zilong , Dou Zhenlan , Zhang Chunyan , Chen Wei , Yin Xianggen , Xue Xiaoting , Zhang Zhe , Sun Pei
Published: December 2024

As new power systems evolve, power routers are becoming increasingly significant role in the power grid due to their capabilities in voltage transformation, fault isolation, and bidirectional power control. This paper introduces an adaptive arc suppression approach for single-phase ground faults in distribution grids based on a power router with a modular multilevel converter. The methodology adaptively engages arc suppression through voltage adjustment and current compensation, obviating the need for specific consideration of transition resistance levels. This method overcomes the limitation of existing arc suppression techniques in adapting to varying fault resistances, thereby enhancing arc suppression efficacy. Simulation outcomes substantiate the efficacy of the proposed adaptive arc suppression technique.
Study on the internal pressure characteristics of transformers and the effect of tank thickness under arc faults
Authors: Qiu Zicheng , Luo Xun , Ji Shengchang , Jia Yunfei
Published: December 2024

Internal power-frequency arc faults are the most serious transformer faults, likely to cause tank ruptures and fires, and have received widespread attention in recent years. In this paper, a simulation model of pressure propagation under arc fault is developed for a S13-M400/10-0.4 three-phase oil-immersed transformer. The internal pressure characteristics are analyzed, and the effect of tank thickness on the explosion-proof performance of the transformer is investigated. The results show that when an arc fault occurs, the bubble pressure and pressure fluctuations rise and tend to saturate. Increasing the tank thickness improves the explosion protection of the transformer more than reducing the tank thickness and increasing the flexibility of the transformer. However, it is feasible to appropriately increase the flexibility of the transformer tank locally by reducing the thickness of the tank locally, providing another feasible idea to improve the explosion-proof performance of the transformer.
Longitudinal protection scheme of distributed power distribution network based on M_T comprehensive similarity
Authors: Zhu Lingfeng , Shuai Zekun , Yu Liting , Li Zhengtian
Published: December 2024

To solve the problems of the rapid deterioration of the three-stage overcurrent protection performance after the extensive access of inverter distributed generators, the deterioration of the traditional longitudinal protection performance, and the problems of 0/0 calculation results and insufficient waveform difference measurement of the existing similarity protection algorithms, a longitudinal protection scheme based on M_T comprehensive similarity was proposed. Firstly, the transmission communication delay of the 5G core network is analyzed, and the mini-slot technology is proposed to effectively reduce the communication delay. Secondly, the M-K mutation initiation algorithm adapted to the characteristics of inverter DG faults was used to replace the traditional phase current mutation detection algorithm. The fault self-synchronization with higher precision was realized. Finally, M_T comprehensive similarity is constructed to describe the difference between the short-circuit current waveform of the system side and the inverter-distributed generator side. The changes in the similarity coefficient of faults in and out of the area are analyzed. A new principle of longitudinal protection based on the comprehensive similarity of M_T is formed. The simulation results show that the proposed new protection principle can reliably identify faults in and out of the area, will not have the anomaly of 0/0 of Pearson coefficient and cosine similarity calculation results, and has better anti-transition resistance ability than the Tanimoto similarity algorithm, which is fully suitable for distribution networks with distributed generators.
Research on the control strategy of energy storage systems based on adaptive droop control
Authors: Wang Junrui , Wang Rui , Li Ruiqi , Qin Hao , Li Linhui , Chen Jianfei
Published: December 2024

In DC microgrids, adaptive droop control is often used to allocate power between storage systems when using energy storage systems to maintain the power balance between distributed generation units and loads. The introduction of droop control can often result in voltage dips at the bus. To tackle this issue, this paper presents an Adaptive Droop Control (ADC) strategy based on the battery’s State of Charge (SOCn). This strategy ensures that the power distribution between battery charging and discharging is proportionate to its SOC value, preventing bus voltage drops. Additionally, the paper proposes the incorporation of a supercapacitor power compensation link to enhance the system’s interference resistance. Finally, the effectivity of the proposed control strategy is proven on the TMS320F28335-based experimental bench of optical storage DC microgrid.
Finite time cooperative cruise control of virtual marshaling based on expansion state observer
Authors: Tang Zhengqing , Wei Wenjun , Niu Qiang
Published: December 2024

To solve the problem of long system response time and overcome external disturbance in high-speed train group cooperative control, this paper proposes a multi-agent finite-time cooperative cruise control algorithm based on an expansion state observer. First of all, the 3-order dynamic model of the high-speed train is established based on its characteristics and as an agent. Secondly, a multi-agent finite time co-control protocol based on extended state observer (ESO) is designed. It is proved that the protocol can realize cooperative cruise in limited time, greatly shorten the tracking distance between trains, and overcome external disturbance. Finally, the validity of the proposed algorithm is examined by MATLAB emulation. The simulation results show that the train group can track the predefined speed and trajectory in a limited time, eliminate external interference, shorten the tracking spacing, and improve the capability of railway lines. Compared to conventional control methods, train tracking time is reduced by 93%.
Study on single event failure mechanism and hardening methods of VDMOS power devices
Authors: Rong Shenghe
Published: December 2024

In aerospace applications, electronic devices are highly susceptible to single-particle effects due to the prevalence of heavy ions. Two critical single-particle effects observed in VDMOS devices are single-event burnout (SEB) and single-event gate rupture (SEGR), which significantly impact the reliability and service life of these power devices. This study investigates the mechanisms and conditions associated with these effects, proposing several effective methods to enhance device resilience. For example, changing the ion impurity concentration in the P-body region and increasing the strength of the gate can reduce the sensitivity to single-particle burnout and single-particle gate penetration, respectively. The results demonstrate that strengthening measures can effectively mitigate the influence of SEB and SEGR, thereby enhancing the on-orbit safety and operational lifespan of aerospace equipment.
Research on task scheduling algorithm for digital cloud platform of Ultra-High voltage substation with load balancing awareness
Authors: Shi Qi , Wang Yi
Published: December 2024

This article focuses on the potential task scheduling risks in the digital cloud platform of ultra-high voltage substations and conducts research on workload prediction, exploring the differences in computing power caused by node heterogeneity. The article aims to address the impact of single-core high load or multi-core heavy load on system stability. In this algorithm, wavelet packet decomposition is used to obtain a more stable CPU utilization sequence. ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) is employed for evaluation, and the SVM (Support Vector Machine) model is used to revise the time series to improve the accuracy of load prediction results, ultimately yielding a sequence representing the load status of nodes. The prediction curve generated by the SARIMA algorithm in this paper better reflects the actual load conditions of the test sequence. When the SARIMA load evaluation algorithm is applied to task scheduling, the task completion times are reduced. Specifically, the completion time is reduced by 84 seconds for 50 tasks and by 881 seconds for 200 tasks, corresponding to reductions of 14% and 22%, respectively.
Stable pedestrian trajectory prediction method with dynamic fusion of multiple features in dense crowds
Authors: Huang Shengqiang , Zhang Fengling , Liu Chang , Luo Yonglong
Published: December 2024

Predicting pedestrian trajectories is an essential task within the realms of computer vision and artificial intelligence, aiming to forecast the future motion paths of pedestrians based on historical data. Current research primarily focuses on extracting factors that influence pedestrian movement and independently modeling these factors to predict future pedestrian trajectories. However, existing methods overlook the varying degrees of influence that different factors may have on pedestrian movement at different time steps. To address this issue, we, after extracting the influencing factors, employ a model-adaptive approach to model the importance of different factors at each time step and further predict pedestrian trajectories. Specifically, we utilize a simple multi-factor feature extraction method to extract various influencing factors. Subsequently, we employ a Transformer-based dynamic weight fusion mechanism to dynamically adjust the weights of different factors on pedestrian movement at different time steps, thereby achieving pedestrian trajectory prediction. Our method demonstrates significant superiority in dense crowds, with experimental results showing an improvement of 6% and 31% over state-of-the-art approaches.
Development of Computational Code to Estimate the Non-Relativistic Contribution to Mercury’s Perihelion Precession
Authors: Kundu Jayashree , Mandal Rakesh Kumar , Sarkar Tamal
Published: December 2024

The Sun’s gravitational field confines the solar system, our eight known planets, and dwarf planets. This gravitational pull of the Sun and other planets causes Mercury, the nearest planet to the Sun, having the highest orbital precession among all other planets in the Solar system, to follow a new path slightly preces than its normal one. This paper studies Mercury’s orbit by developing an algorithm to determine the nonrelativistic contribution to Mercury’s perihelion precession per century. To create this, we have considered Newton’s Law of Gravitation, Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion and used orbital data of Planets and Dwarf Planets around the Sun. Hence, our computational code first finds the mass of the Sun and then the nonrelativistic precession of Mercury’s perihelion shift following the mathematical model mentioned in Price and Rush’s paper,1979, where they assumed that all the planets’ masses, except Mercury, are distributed in a uniform circular ring centering the Sun. The developed computational code has been implemented through the programming language Python which has very powerful, faster data handling and visualizing packages like Numpy, astropy, matplotlib, and many more.
Analysis of the use of Nano-engineered Composite Energy Retention Materials in Eco-Building Layouts
Authors: Vigneshkumar M , Gokilakrishnan G , Nair Sreejith S , Sivalingam A , Marappan Muthukumar , Bhat Suriya Shaffi
Published: December 2024

This analysis is to approaching the usage of the heat retention phase transition materials in structure of building establishment energy preservation blend, in this research infusing the Nano-engineered composite energy retention substances into Eco-building layouts. Altered C (Carbon) nanotubes, manufactured by acid mixture fermentation and Attrition milling, were blended with saturated fatty acid to produce heat retention state transition materials. Analytic outcome shows that acidified Nano Carbon tubes thwart the heat capacity dispersion of stereophonic acid molecular fragments, resulting in heat conducting capacity is 1.2 times higher compared to the pure saturated fatty acid when Nano Carbon tubes are appended with a volume ratio of 1%. Eventually, Nano-engineered composites energy staking materials illustrates higher prospect for application in Eco-building layouts.
Resistance of plastic anchors for fixing on ETICS in different types of base materials
Authors: Hrischev Lachezar , Conev Ivan-Aleksandar
Published: December 2024

The durability of external thermal insulation composite systems and their resistance to wind load mainly depends on the resistance of plastic anchors by means of which the systems are fixed to the substrate. A large part of the facade walls are made of reinforced concrete and various types of masonry units. This article presents an experimental study of the resistance of plastic anchors for ETICS, with different types of base materials, typical of the facade walls of buildings implemented in Bulgaria. The resistance of anchors installed in base materials with different characteristics of hollow masonry units, solid masonry units, concrete base and autoclaved aerated concrete units was investigated. As a result of the study, it was found that the resistance under tension force of the plastic anchors was the highest for base of concrete, solid clay masonry units and high-density autoclaved aerated concrete. It was found that with the different types of masonry units, as the compressive strength of the base increases, the resistance of the plastic anchors also increases.
A comparative numerical study of various ribs geometries on the performance of a solar air heater absorber plate
Authors: Srivastava Ankur , Singh Hemant Raj , Sharma Dinesh Kumar , Goyal Rahul
Published: December 2024

In this study, a numerical investigation is conducted to compare the impact of various ribs such as transverse, inclined, V-shaped and arc-shaped fixed on the absorber plate of a solar air heater under consistent boundary conditions. The analysis considers Reynolds numbers ranging from 3000 to 15000 and a heat flux corresponding to 1000 W m−2. Various geometric characteristics of the ribs, including relative roughness height, relative pitch, number of gaps, rib-arm angle (attack angle), and relative gap width, are kept constant throughout the investigation in this comparative analysis. The simulations are carried out using ANSYS-Fluent software, and the theoretical results are employed for validation. Results indicate that at Reynolds number 15,000, the maximum Thermal-Hydraulic Performance Parameter (THPP) for V-shaped ribs is 2.15 followed by arc-shaped ribs as 1.6.
Hurricanes, industrial animal operations, and acute gastrointestinal illness in North Carolina, USA
Authors: Quist Arbor J L , Fliss Mike Dolan , Richardson David B , Delamater Paul L , Engel Lawrence S
Published: December 2024

North Carolina (NC) ranks third among US states in both hog production and hurricanes. NC’s hogs are housed in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) in the eastern, hurricane-prone part of the state. Hurricanes can inundate hog waste lagoons, transporting fecal bacteria that may cause acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI). While CAFOs and hurricanes have separately been associated with AGI, few epidemiological studies have examined the joint effect of hurricanes and CAFOs. We examined the impacts of Hurricanes Matthew (2016) and Florence (2018) on the occurrence of post-storm AGI in areas with varying numbers of hog and poultry CAFOs. We used ZIP code-level disease surveillance data, 2016–2019, to calculate rates of AGI emergency department (ED) visits in NC. Using precipitation data, CAFO permit data, and interrupted time series methods, we assessed the change in AGI rate during the three weeks after Matthew and Florence in ZIP codes with heavy rain (>75th percentile of storm precipitation) and 0, 1–10, and >10 hog CAFOs. The AGI ED rate in ZIP codes with heavy storm rain and >10 hog CAFOs increased 15% (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.27) during the three weeks after Hurricane Florence, although there was little increase after Hurricane Matthew (RR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.86, 1.24). The AGI ED rates in ZIP codes with heavy storm rain and no hog CAFOs exhibited no increase during these post-hurricane periods (Matthew: RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.80, 1.14; Florence: RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.13). We also observed an increase in AGI ED rate in areas with both >10 hog CAFOs and >10 poultry CAFOs. Areas with heavy hurricane precipitation and many CAFOs had a higher proportion of Black, American Indian, and Hispanic residents and lower annual household incomes than the state averages. Heavy hurricane precipitation in areas with CAFOs may increase AGI rates, disproportionately affecting people of color in NC.
Horospherical stacks and stacky coloured fans
Authors: Monahan Sean
Published: December 2024

We introduce a combinatorial theory of horospherical stacks which is motivated by the work of Geraschenko and Satriano on toric stacks. A horospherical stack corresponds to a combinatorial object called a stacky coloured fan. We give many concrete examples, including a class of easy-to-draw examples called coloured fantastacks. The main results in this paper are combinatorial descriptions of horospherical stacks, the morphisms between them, their decolourations, and their good moduli spaces.
Fire and seed dormancy: a global meta-analysis
Authors: Monemizadeh Zahra , Siahmarguee Asieh , Soltani Elias , Torabi Benjamin , Baskin Carol C , Azimmohseni Majid , Pausas Juli G , Tavşanoğlu Çağatay , Sadeghipour Hamid Reza , Ghaderi-Far Farshid
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Fire-released seed dormancy (SD) is a key trait for successful germination and plant persistence in many fire-prone ecosystems. Many local studies have shown that fire-released SD depends on heat and exposure time, dose of smoke-derived compounds, SD class, plant lineage and the fire regime. However, a global quantitative analysis of fire-released SD is lacking. We hypothesized that fire-released SD is more prevalent in fire-prone than in non-fire-prone ecosystems, and in crown fire compared with surface fire ecosystems. Additionally, we expected to uncover patterns in the relationship between fire cues and SD classes at the global scale that mirror those identified in local or regional studies.

Methods

In total, 246 published germination studies from 1970 to 2022, encompassing 1782 species from 128 families, were used in our meta-analysis. Meta-analysis moderators included different fire cues, smoke application methods, smoke exposure duration and concentration, smoke compounds, fire-proneness, fire regimes and ecosystem types.

Key Results

Heat released physical, and smoke released physiological and morphophysiological dormancies. For SD release, heat and smoke acted synergistically, and karrikinolide (KAR1) was the most effective smoke compound. Fire-released SD was more prevalent in fire-prone than in non-fire-prone regions, particularly under crown fire regimes. Fire-released SD occurred mainly in Mediterranean ecosystems, temperate dry forests and temperate warm ecosystems, whereas species from savannas and tropical grasslands, temperate grasslands and tropical rainforests generally responded negatively to fire.

Conclusions

Fire-released SD is strongly influenced by fire regimes, the latter having a significant role in shaping SD and germination patterns on a global scale. The synergistic effect of heat and smoke in dormancy release reveals more intricate interactions between fire cues than previously understood. Understanding these patterns is crucial in the context of shifting fire regimes driven by climate change, as they may disrupt plant life cycles, alter ecosystem functions, biodiversity and community composition, and provide key insights for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration in fire-prone ecosystems.
Directed evolution of antimicrobial peptides using multi-objective zeroth-order optimization
Authors: Liu Xianliang , Luo Jiawei , Wang Xinyan , Zhang Yang , Chen Junjie
Published: December 2024

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) emerge as a type of promising therapeutic compounds that exhibit broad spectrum antimicrobial activity with high specificity and good tolerability. Natural AMPs usually need further rational design for improving antimicrobial activity and decreasing toxicity to human cells. Although several algorithms have been developed to optimize AMPs with desired properties, they explored the variations of AMPs in a discrete amino acid sequence space, usually suffering from low efficiency, lack diversity, and local optimum. In this work, we propose a novel directed evolution method, named PepZOO, for optimizing multi-properties of AMPs in a continuous representation space guided by multi-objective zeroth-order optimization. PepZOO projects AMPs from a discrete amino acid sequence space into continuous latent representation space by a variational autoencoder. Subsequently, the latent embeddings of prototype AMPs are taken as start points and iteratively updated according to the guidance of multi-objective zeroth-order optimization. Experimental results demonstrate PepZOO outperforms state-of-the-art methods on improving the multi-properties in terms of antimicrobial function, activity, toxicity, and binding affinity to the targets. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations are further employed to validate the effectiveness of our method. Moreover, PepZOO can reveal important motifs which are required to maintain a particular property during the evolution by aligning the evolutionary sequences. PepZOO provides a novel research paradigm that optimizes AMPs by exploring property change instead of exploring sequence mutations, accelerating the discovery of potential therapeutic peptides.
Was the Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière (SFIO) also African? 1945–1960
Authors: Blum Françoise
Published: December 2024

This article looks at relations between Europeans and Africans within the sections of the Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière (SFIO) in sub-Saharan Africa. It is based on documentation and correspondence sent to the Paris Centre, mostly by Europeans, and held at the Office universitaire de recherche socialiste (OURS). There were, however, significant differences between the sections in French West Africa (Ivory Coast and Guinea) and those in French East Africa (Chad, Oubangui-Chari, Congo-Brazzaville) and Cameroon. The relationships of domination inherent in the colonial situation were expressed more or less violently in different places. The way in which Europeans in the African SFIO looked at Africans in the sections was generally racist and unsympathetic, and thus said a great deal about power relations in the colonial world. In the end, these relationships of domination got the better of the sections, whose fate was definitively sealed by the advent of African governments and then independence, despite the short-lived experience of the Mouvement socialiste africain (MSA).
French socialism and Austromarxism: archaeology of a failed transfer (1904–1934)
Authors: Lagedamon Pierre-Henri
Published: December 2024

From the end of the nineteenth century onwards, Austrian socialism was characterized by the development of specific theories and practices, known as Austromarxism, building an original way of constructing socialism. This article looks at the reception in France of these theories and experiments initiated within Austrian social democracy. The Austromarxist path aroused an interest in French socialism that, although limited, was nonetheless recurrent from before the First World War. The inclusion of French socialism, marked by a certain theoretical weakness, in the doctrinal debates that agitated international socialism is essential to understanding its evolution from the end of the nineteenth century onwards. The aim of this contribution is therefore to highlight the development of this Austromarxist reference within French socialism, and the influence it may have had on certain tendencies within the French Socialist Party, particularly during the interwar period marked by various attempts at ideological and political renewal.
Documents hidden behind a wall: an episode in the long-term archival conflict between the Este and the Roman Apostolic Chamber, 1633
Authors: Guidi Andrea
Published: December 2024

This article examines the correspondence between Duke Francesco I d’Este (1629–58) and his agents regarding the documents the papal authorities found in 1633 behind a wall of Ferrara’s castle, following the devolution of the city to the Papal States (1598). This article argues that this correspondence discloses the mentality behind the uses and the notions of archives that guided the protagonists of this story – that is, expectations that reveal reliance on the authority of written records as well as a desperate hope in the power of archives.
hsa_circ_0015388 Reduces Macrophage Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Sugiyama Yuya , Konishi Hiroaki , Dokoshi Tatsuya , Tanaka Hiroki , Kobayashi Yu , Sasaki Takahiro , Yamamoto Koji , Sakatani Aki , Takahashi Keitaro , Ando Katsuyoshi , Ueno Nobuhiro , Kashima Shin , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Okumura Toshikatsu , Fujiya Mikihiro
Published: December 2024

Background

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a refractory inflammatory bowel disease with an unclear etiology. CircularRNA (circRNA) has been highlighted as a novel class of functional noncoding RNAs associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, the functions of circRNA in CD remain unclear.

Methods

Biopsies were obtained from noninflammatory sites in the terminal ileum of the CD group (n = 4) and non-CD group (n = 4) and analyzed for circRNA expression using RNA sequencing. The significantly altered circRNAs were validated in the CD group (n = 45) and non-CD group (n = 15) using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Transcriptome analysis was conducted using circRNA-downregulated macrophage-like THP-1 cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, cytokine mRNA expression, phagocytosis, and migration were evaluated in circRNA-downregulated THP-1 cells.

Results

CircularRNA sequencing analysis revealed significant differences in 31 circRNAs between the CD group and non-CD group. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis for each circRNA demonstrated significant upregulation of hsa_circ_0015388 in the CD group. Hsa_circ_0015388 was expressed in THP-1 cells, but not in HCEC-1CT and Caco-2/bbe. Transcriptome analysis in THP-1 cells transfected with scramble or hsa_circ_0015388 siRNA (small interfering RNA) showed a significant alteration in innate immune response related pathway. Reactive oxygen species production was significantly increased in the hsa_circ_0015388 downregulated THP-1 cells. Reactive oxygen species induction in the hsa_circ_0015388 knocked down THP-1 was diminished by the inhibition of TNFSF10.

Conclusion

A comprehensive analysis of circRNA expression revealed that 31 circRNAs were dysregulated in the CD group. Hsa_circ_0015388 is expressed in macrophages and negatively regulates ROS function inhibiting the TNFSF10 pathway. This study first revealed that hsa_circ_0015388 plays a role in the pathogenesis of CD by suppressing ROS production in macrophages.
Revealing the adaptation strategies of pelagic fleets in the Bay of Biscay by combining fishery data and fishers’ knowledge
Authors: Lahellec Gabriel , Daurès Fabienne , Lehuta Sigrid
Published: December 2024

The French pelagic fishery in the Bay of Biscay is currently facing new challenges. To anticipate and support future adaptations of fishers’ strategies, we proposed to scrutinize fishers’ past behaviours and determine the driving factors of their adaptations using a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Annual strategies deployed by the pelagic fleet between 2010 and 2018 were identified through fishing data. Individual sequences of strategies used by vessels then served as a basis for the definition of a new fleet segmentation, revealing behavioural patterns and bridges between strategies. Fishers from two segments were then interviewed to identify the factors underlying their decisions at four different time scales. Fishers surveyed felt in control of both long-term (pluri-annual) and short-term (daily) decisions. Social aspects and personal preferences were found to be preponderant at these time scales. On the contrary, seasonal and annual activities were perceived as being dictated by market opportunities and ecological cycles. We showed that fishers were forced toward a greater dependence on sardine by regulatory constraints and the lack of opportunities on other species. Our study draws perspective by combining historical fishery data analysis with fisher’s experiential knowledge to understand fishing behaviours.
A signal-processing tool adapted to the periodic biphasic phenomena: the Dynalet transform
Authors: Demongeot Jacques , Minonzio Jean-Gabriel
Published: December 2024

The linear functional analysis, historically founded by Fourier and Legendre (Fourier’s supervisor), has provided an original vision of the mathematical transformations between functional vector spaces. Fourier, and later Laplace and Wavelet transforms, respectively, defined using the simple and damped pendulum have been successfully applied in numerous applications in Physics and engineering problems. However, the classical pendulum basis may not be the most appropriate in several problems, such as biological ones, where the modelling approach is not linked to the pendulum. Efficient functional transforms can be proposed by analyzing the links between the physical or biological problem and the orthogonal (or not) basis used to express a linear combination of elementary functions approximating the observed signals. In this study, an extension of the Fourier point of view called Dynalet transform is described. The approach provides robust approximated results in the case of relaxation signals of periodic biphasic organs in human physiology.
Schistosomiasis treatment in young children: a welcome step towards deployment of the paediatric praziquantel formulation
Authors: Stothard J Russell
Published: December 2024

It is an awkward fact that effective public health control of schistosomiasis in Africa has yet to deliver a fully comprehensive intervention for appropriate anthelmintic treatment of those preschool-age children and infants with active infection(s) and/or insidious disease. Over the last decade, despite the steady progress of the Pediatric Praziquantel Consortium in developing a monoenantiomeric oral dispersible tablet, future challenges remain in securing its deployment and implementation at scale. This commentary provides a forward-looking critique for the international community, reminding us of this unfortunate treatment gap, and seeks to encourage commensurate action on ameliorating this overlooked medical inequity.
Arsenic modifies the microbial community assembly of soil–root habitats in Pteris vittata
Authors: Lin Jiahui , Dai Zhongmin , Lei Mei , Qi Qian , Zhou Weijun , Ma Lena Q , Dahlgren Randy A , Xu Jianming
Published: December 2024

Pteris vittata, renowned for its ability to hyperaccumulate arsenic, presents a promising solution to the escalating issue of global soil arsenic contamination. This fern cultivates a unique underground microbial community to enhance its environmental adaptability. However, our understanding of the assembly process and the long-term ecological impacts of this community remains limited, hindering the development of effective soil remediation strategies. This study addresses this gap by investigating soil–root habitats from three geographically diverse fields comprising a gradient of arsenic contamination, complemented by a time-scale greenhouse experiment. Field investigations reveal that arsenic stress influences community assembly dynamics in the rhizosphere by enhancing processes of homogeneous selection. Greenhouse experiments further reveal that arsenic exposure alters the assembly trajectory of rhizosphere communities by promoting key microbial modules. Specifically, arsenic exposure increases the enrichment of a core taxon (i.e. Rhizobiaceae) in the rhizosphere, both in field and greenhouse settings, boosting their abundance from undetectable levels to 0.02% in the soil after phytoremediation. Notably, arsenic exposure also promotes a pathogenic group (i.e. Spirochaetaceae) in the rhizosphere, increasing their abundance from undetectable levels to 0.1% in the greenhouse. This raise concerns that warrant further investigation in future phytoremediation studies. Overall, this study elucidates the assembly dynamics of the soil microbiome following the introduction of a remediation plant and emphasizes the often-overlooked impacts on soil microbial community following phytoremediation. By probing the ecological impacts of remediation plants, this work advances a more nuanced understanding of the complex ecological implications inherent in phytoremediation processes.
Soil microbial carbon use efficiency differs between mycorrhizal trees: insights from substrate stoichiometry and microbial networks
Authors: Yu Jing , Yang Jingyi , Qu Lingrui , Huang Xiaoyi , Liu Yue , Jiang Ping , Wang Chao
Published: December 2024

The role of mycorrhizal associations in controlling forest soil carbon storage remains under debate. This uncertainty is potentially due to an incomplete understanding of their influence on the free-living soil microbiome and its functions. In this study, rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were collected from eight arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and seven ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species in a temperate forest. We employed high-throughput sequencing and 18O-H2O labeling to analyze the soil microbial community and carbon use efficiency (CUE), respectively. We find microbial respiration rates are higher in rhizosphere than that in non-rhizosphere soils for ECM trees, whereas microbial growth rates show no significant differences. Consequently, microbial CUE is lower in rhizosphere compared to non-rhizosphere soils for ECM trees. In addition, we find that non-rhizosphere soils from ECM trees exhibited higher CUE compared to those from AM trees. Furthermore, we observe that bacterial–fungal co-occurrence networks in ECM soils exhibit greater complexity relative to AM ones. Using random forest and structural equation modeling analyses, we find that microbial stoichiometric carbon/nitrogen imbalance and network complexity are key predictors of soil microbial CUE for AM and ECM trees, respectively. Our findings shed new light on the pivotal role of mycorrhizal associations in shaping free-living microbial communities and their metabolic characteristics in the studied soils. These insights are critical for predicting soil carbon sequestration in response to shifts in ECM and AM species within temperate forest under climate change.
Targeting senescent cells for the treatment of age-associated diseases
Authors: Suda Masayoshi , Tchkonia Tamar , Kirkland James L , Minamino Tohru
Published: December 2024

Cellular senescence, which entails cellular dysfunction and inflammatory factor release—the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)—is a key contributor to multiple disorders, diseases and the geriatric syndromes. Targeting senescent cells using senolytics has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for these conditions. Among senolytics, the combination of dasatinib and quercetin (D + Q) was the earliest and one of the most successful so far. D + Q delays, prevents, alleviates or treats multiple senescence-associated diseases and disorders with improvements in healthspan across various pre-clinical models. While early senolytic therapies have demonstrated promise, ongoing research is crucial to refine them and address such challenges as off-target effects. Recent advances in senolytics include new drugs and therapies that target senescent cells more effectively. The identification of senescence-associated antigens—cell surface molecules on senescent cells—pointed to another promising means for developing novel therapies and identifying biomarkers of senescent cell abundance.
Interaction mapping between nucleoporins in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe using mass-spectrometry
Authors: Asakawa Haruhiko , Nagao Koji , Fukagawa Tatsuo , Obuse Chikashi , Hiraoka Yasushi , Haraguchi Tokuko
Published: December 2024

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) act as gateways across the nuclear envelope for molecular transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotes. NPCs consist of several subcomplexes formed by multiple copies of approximately 30 different proteins known as nucleoporins (Nups). In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the NPC structure is unique, particularly in its outer ring subcomplexes, where the cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic outer rings are composed of distinct sets of proteins. However, it remains unclear how this unique outer ring structure in S. pombe is supported by interactions between subcomplexes or individual Nups. In this study, we investigated protein–protein interactions between S. pombe Nups using mass spectrometry and identified Nups that interact with each subcomplex or a specific Nup. The cytoplasmic outer ring Nups bind to both the cytoplasmic filament Nups and the inner ring Nups, while the nucleoplasmic outer ring Nups bind to the nuclear basket Nups in addition to the inner ring Nups. Among the inner ring Nups, Nup155 interacts with most of the cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic outer ring Nups, suggesting that Nup155 may serve as a hub supporting the uniquely asymmetric outer ring structure of the S. pombe NPC.
Hospital function-associated deaths among patients with cancer: a comprehensive national study using death records in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Richi , Nakazawa Yoko , Etoh Norihito , Kizawa Yoshiyuki , Miyashita Mitsunori , Hamano Jun
Published: December 2024

Background

In Japan, about 70%–80% of cancer deaths occur in hospitals. The actual number of cancer patients who die in hospitals where palliative care is available is not clear. This study aimed to examine whether hospitals where cancer patients died offered palliative care.

Methods

Patients aged ≥20 who died of cancer in 2018 were included. We used the Japanese death records and publicly available data on hospital functions. Cancer death numbers and hospitals were summarized according to hospital function and age group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the death influence in patients with cancer in designated cancer hospitals.

Results

The study included 302 511 patients, and 168 835 patients (55.8%) died in hospitals with palliative care. In hospitals without palliative care, those with 100–199 and 200–499 beds had more deaths than hospitals not in these ranges of beds. Their median number of deaths per year was 17 and 26, respectively. Categorized by the death numbers per hospital without palliative care, hospitals with 20–49 cancer deaths were common. In the designated cancer hospitals, younger patients aged 20–29 had a higher odds ratio (OR) for death (4.28) than those aged 70–79. Blood cancer had a higher OR (2.36) than colorectal and rectal cancer.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that outreach of palliative care to hospitals with 100–199 or 200–499 beds and 20–49 deaths lacking palliative care could effectively improve end-of-life cancer care.