bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the mechanical properties, durability, and microstructure of an ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete containing recycled fillers
Authors: Lekoui Mohamed Tahar , Kechkar Chiraz , Hebhoub Houria , Messaoudi Karima , Alsayadi Hamid , Benhalilou Mohamed Ichem
Published: November 2024

In this article, a specific mix design of the ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) was proposed and applied for Algerian materials that are currently in use. In the absence of a general mix design that limits their use and reuses waste materials, the present mix design can help reduce the high manufacturing cost of this type of concrete and make it more environmentally friendly. Here, we have looked for a reference mix design based on local ordinary aggregates, and then, we introduced the recycled fillers from ceramic waste and granulated blast furnace slag into our mix design, and we studied their effects on the properties of the fresh state (density, workability, and air content) and in the hardened state, namely compressive and flexural tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic and sclerometer resistance, as well as durability tests (capillary and immersion absorption, porosity, and chemical resistance). The microstructure analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, complemented by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Comparison of the results of UHPFRC using ceramic waste and slag fillers with the control UHPFRC after 28 days shows an increase in compressive strengths of approximately 8 and 7%, respectively, as well as an increase in flexural tensile strengths of 17 and 2%, respectively. In addition, there was a decrease in porosity of 17 and 42%, respectively. The results reveal that it is possible to produce UHPFRC based on local materials and improve its performance, durability, and microstructure with recycled fillers.
Simulating Rolling Element Bearing Defects in Induction Machines
Authors: Floh Florian , Weiss Helmut , Makoschitz Markus
Published: November 2024

The significant occurrence of bearing faults in electrical machines necessitates continuous online monitoring of the machine’s operating data with the main objective of ensuring both high reliability and efficiency and therefore minimising the chance of unwanted breakdowns. This work focuses on the simulation of (defective) bearings, utilising a dedicated model with five degrees of freedom (DOF) (translational motion) in conjunction with an induction motor model. The primary objective is to gain a comprehensive understanding of how faulty bearings influence both the entire bearing itself and the machine, mainly concerning vibration signals and additional frictional torque. Additionally, various shapes of spalls on the raceway(s) are described, analysed and compared. This work is an extended version of the conference paper ‘Simulating Rolling Element Bearing Defects in Induction Machines’, presenting additional information on how to simulate spalls (with different shapes and sizes) on the inner ring of the bearing. Furthermore, the so-obtained vibration signal is examined and a method is proposed aiming to verify the simulation results and to predict the location of the spall (raceway of the inner or outer ring).
IHH gene variants in North Indian individuals with brachydactyly A1
Authors: Dhiman Shalini , Panigrahi Inusha , Gupta Shifali , Kaur Harvinder
Published: November 2024

Background: Brachydactyly A1 (BDA1) is an autosomal dominant disorder. It manifests as shortness/absence of the middle phalanges in the hands and feet. It is caused by a variation in the Indian hedgehog (IHH) gene. The IHH gene plays an important role in the development of limbs. IHH is expressed in the pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes of cartilage elements, where it regulates the rate of hypertrophic differentiation. A lack of IHH prevents proliferating chondrocytes from initiating the hypertrophic differentiation process. This study aimed to identify IHH gene variants in BDA1 individuals.
Methods: The present study used Sanger sequencing to analyze IHH variants in three exons and in silico tools for detailed variant analysis.
Results: A total of 44 individuals were sequenced - 14 BDA1 individuals and 30 healthy controls. Sanger sequencing revealed a novel variant in the IHH gene in exon 1 and exon 2. A variant was found to segregate affected individuals in a family.
Conclusion: The present study findings further expand the mutation spectrum of the IHH gene, and provide detailed mutant protein changes by in silico methods. The study also provides additional evidence that IHH plays an important role in limb development and short stature.
‘The Contrast May Burn a Little' - Case Report of Severe, Anaphylactic Shock Following MRI IV Contrast
Authors: Salih Elrasheed , Rehman Mohammed , Prasad Rishi
Published: November 2024

We present a case of a 46-year-old male who developed acute onset shortness of breath, hypotension, and hypoxia soon after receiving IV contrast for a routine MRI scan. A portable Chest X-ray revealed diffuse, bilateral infiltrates, similar to features of pulmonary edema or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). During his in-hospital stay, the patient was treated with High-flow nasal cannula oxygen, phenylephrine to support hemodynamic status as needed, a short course of hydrocortisone, and nebulizers to assist shortness of breath. Gadolinium-based contrast agents are a useful adjunct in CT and MRI imaging. Adverse reactions to these contrast agents are rare (
Control System for a Heavy Ion Laser Source at Synchrotron Complex ICCR
Authors: Barabin S. V. , Liakin D. A. , Orlov A. Y. , Losev A. A. , Chrisanov I. A. , Shumshurov A. V. , Satov Y. A. , Kozlov A. V. , Kulevoy T. V.
Published: November 2024

The article describes the control system for a laser source of heavy ions. The control system has a hierarchical multilevel architecture, determined by the hierarchical structure of the laser ion source, and is a part of the control systems of the linear heavy ion injector and the entire synchrotron complex. The article describes the basic requirements for the control system and the general principles of its construction, and the circuitry and software solutions selected in accordance with these requirements and principles, such as: organization of data exchange between individual nodes in the automated control system; determination of algorithms for working with individual devices and subsystems of the ion source, and with the ion source as a unified system; selection of types and structural schemes of controllers of individual subsystems. The hierarchical structure of the automated control system and control subsystems for all the main devices of the laser source are also described.
Verification of Calculation for the Protection of the Medical Cabin for Ion Therapy of Channel 26A of the Luch U-70 Project
Authors: Pikalov V. A. , Sumaneev O. V. , Sukharev M. M.
Published: November 2024

Currently, the experience in designing installations using extracted carbon ion beams in Russia (the world) is very limited. The medical cabin for ion therapy of channel 26A of the LUCH U-70 project provides a unique opportunity for assessing the effectiveness of biological protection and verifying calculations. The paper presents data from experimental measurements of neutron radiation behind the biological protection of a medical cabin. The data were obtained for two energies of the extracted beam of accelerated carbon nuclei - 400 and 450 MeV/nucleon. The result is compared with the calculation performed using the FLUKA program for a given protection configuration. Good agreement between experimental data and calculations is shown.
Development of a Permanent Magnet Magnetic System for an Energy-Saving Synchrotron Radiation Source
Authors: Lachynov S. B. , Vinokurov N. A. , Tscheskidov V. G.
Published: November 2024

New technologies can be used to further improve the parameters of synchrotron radiation sources. One of them is the use of permanent magnets when creating elements of the magnetic storage system. This will help eliminate the influence of power supply instability and vibrations caused by the operation of the cooling system on the stability of the electron beam position. In addition, the use of permanent magnets will make it possible to increase the aperture of the vacuum chamber and, thus, simplify the vacuum and injection systems of the storage device, as well as increase the threshold instability currents. This work is devoted to the development of two bending magnets, focusing and defocusing, which make up the regular part of the magnetic system of an energy-saving compact synchrotron radiation source. The design and results of magnetic field modeling are presented.
Structure and Properties of the Electroexplosive Coating of the TiB2-Ag System after Electron Beam Treatment
Authors: Pochetukha V. V. , Romanov D. A. , Vashchuk E. S. , Filyakov A. D. , Gromov V. E.
Published: November 2024

A coating of the TiB2-Ag system was formed through the use of sequential operations of electroexplosive spraying and electron beam processing. The values of electrical conductivity (62.0 MS/m), Vickers microhardness (0.251-0.265 GPa at the point of measurement on a silver matrix and 25-32 GPa at the point of measurement at inclusions of boride phases), nanohardness (4.48 ± 0.76 GPa) were determined), Young’s modulus (116±29 GPa), wear parameter under dry friction-sliding conditions (1.2 mm3/N • m) and friction coefficient (0.5). Switching wear resistance during accelerated tests was 7000 on and off cycles with an electrical resistance of 10.01 - 11.76 LiOhm. The thickness of the coatings is 100 microns. The coatings are formed by a silver matrix with inclusions of titanium borides located in it with three types of sizes: nanocrystalline, submicrocrystalline and microcrystalline. Quantitatively, in the structural composition among titanium borides, titanium diboride and silver (56 wt. %) are formed predominantly (41 wt. %), while other titanium borides account for 3 wt. %. Structural transformations are described using complementary methods of X-ray phase analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
O uso da acupuntura no tratamento da dor lombar de gestantes
Authors: Santos Laryssa Karol Ferreira dos , Lima Cristiane Ana da Silva , Soares Maria de Fátima Bezerra da Silva , Feitosa Olivia Juliana de Carvalho , Dantas Sonja Rebeca Silva Jorge , Arantes Viviane Maria de , Gualberto Luana Ingrid Batista , Silva Italo Ramon da , Araújo Cintia Pontes Cordeiro de , Nascimento Geanna Gabriela de Almeida
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Revisar pesquisas que relacionam acupuntura ao tratamento de dores lombar, em especial à gestacional, assim como sua eficiência e suas limitações em relação às terapias convencionais. Revisão bibliográfica: Sobre o tratamento da lombalgia, é preciso ter em mente que os tratamentos na gravidez são mais complexos tendo uma limitação de opções terapêuticas, mas uma opção para a gestante é a realização de acupuntura. Para o alívio da dor lombar em gestantes dispõe-se atualmente de algumas alternativas medicamentosas, de fácil prescrição e utilização e que geralmente têm um bom efeito no alívio da sintomatologia dolorosa. Entretanto deve-se ter muita cautela com medicamentos administrados na gravidez, alguns podem oferecer riscos ao binômio materno-fetal, muitas vezes ainda não totalmente conhecido. Considerações finais: Diversos estudos mostram os benefícios da acupuntura para tratamentos de dores em geral, alguns em específicos para a lombalgia gestacional. E mesmo com algumas restrições durante o período gestacional, a acupuntura ainda é uma boa opção de tratamento para o alívio da dor lombar na gestação. Seu custo é viável, pois pode ser feita em qualquer consultório e utiliza materiais baratos e de fácil manuseio e seus efeitos colaterais são praticamente inexistentes.
Internações psiquiátricas por álcool no período de distanciamento social devido à COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Yano Karen Murakami , Macedo Luciano Sanfilippo de , Novais Maykon Anderson Pires de
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar os índices de internações psiquiátricas por transtornos mentais e comportamentais devido a uso de álcool ocorridas no período de distanciamento social por Covid-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo descritivo, observacional-ecológico e retrospectivo. Foram utilizados dados do Datasus e de projeções populacionais intercensitárias. Os dados foram analisados pelos softwares estatísticos SPSS 20.0 e Joinpoint. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os índices de aprovações de AIH apresentaram tendência decrescente única significante de aproximadamente -4,9%. O grupo feminino apresentou tendência decrescente não significante (APC = ‑2,4) e o masculino, decrescente estatisticamente significante (APC = -4,8%). Foram verificados valores mais expressivos em indivíduos de 20 a 39 anos, com índice de APC de -6,1% ao ano. A mortalidade, de forma geral, apresentou taxa decrescente não significante de APC de 1,6%. Conclusão: A taxa de internação foi estatisticamente mais significativa entre homens adultos jovens. A pandemia restringiu o número de internações, impactando a redução das taxas, mesmo com demandas que aparentemente mantiveram-se, sobretudo com a dificuldade de acesso a terapêuticas preventivas e extra-hospitalares.
СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ЗАЩИТА НАСЕЛЕНИЯ КАК НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ
Authors: З.Б. Рахматуллина , В.Ф. Ковров
Published: November 2024

В статье рассмотрены некоторые вопросы социальной защиты населения, которая является одним из ключевых направлений социальной политики государства. Авторы обосновывают положение о том, что предоставление мер социальной защиты и поддержки населению является основным механизмом, который непосредственно направлен на поддержание достойного уровня жизни граждан РФ.
دور تدريب الموارد البشرية في بناء قدرات القيادة الإدارية (بالتطبيق على مصرف الساحل والصحراء (الرئاسة)، دولة تشاد
Authors: ضيف الله أبوبكر آدم , حسابو حسابو أحمد
Published: November 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على آليات تحديد الاحتياجات التدريبية لبناء قدرات القيادة الإدارية في المصرف. تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في ضعف الاهتمام بتدريب الموارد البشرية بالمؤسسات المالية مما انعكس على بناء قادة يتمتعون بقدرات قيادية، وافترضت الدراسة فرضية رئيسة مفادها وجود علاقة ذات دلالة احصائية بين تدريب الموارد البشرية وبناء قدرات القيادة الادارية. تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي لوصف المتغيرات ذات العلاقة بموضوع الدراسة والمتمثلة في التدريب وبناء القدرات الإدارية، والمنهج التاريخي في تناول الدراسات السابقة والدراسة الميدانية، توصلت الدراسة الي مجموعة من النتائج من ضمنها ان فعالية تحديد الاحتياجات التدريبية تعتمد على فعالية البرامج التدريبية، وأن  لدى إدارة البنك خطط تدريبية طموحة تهدف إلى تحسين أداء العاملين، وعلى ضوء النتائج يوصى الباحثان بضرورة تحديد الاحتياجات التدريبية وفقاً للقدرات الحالية للعاملين ومواكبة متطلبات العمل، وضرورة تأهيل وتدريب وتطوير قدرات ومهارات العاملين بالمصرف للاستفادة منهم فى شغل الوظائف القيادية مستقبلاً.
أثر الحوافز على الرضا الوظيفي: دراسة ميدانية على شركة مجموعة الجماز بمدينة الرياض
Authors: المصلوخي يوسف عبيد
Published: November 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر الحوافز على الرضا الوظيفي لدى الموظفين, وانبثق عن هذا الهدف أهداف فرعية تمثلت بـ: معرفة واقع كلٍ من تطبيق الحوافز المادية والمعنوية بشركة مجموعة الجماز, فضلًا عن معرفة مستوى الرضا الوظيفي لدى الموظفين, ومن ثم معرفة أثر كل من الحوافز المادية والمعنوية على مستوى الرضا الوظيفي لدى الموظفين, ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي, ولغرض جمع البيانات اللازمة لتحقيق الأهداف تم اختيار عينة عشوائية تألفت من (200) موظف من موظفي شركة مجموعة الجماز بمدينة الرياض في المملكة العربية السعودية، وتم تطبيق عليهم استبانة أعدّها الباحث تكوّنت من (62) فقرة وتم التحقق من صدقها وثباتها, بعد ذلك تمت معالجة البيانات بالاعتماد على برنامج (SPSS). وبناءً عليه توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج، أهمها: أنَّ درجة توافر تطبيق كلٍ من الحوافز المادية والمعنوية بالشركة جاءت كبيرة, سواء للدرجة الكلية لكليهما أو على مستوى كل فقرة على حدة, كما أظهرت النتائج وجود مستوى مرتفع من الرضا الوظيفي لدى الموظفين, وأشارت النتائج أيضًا عن وجود أثر إيجابي ودال إحصائيًا لكل من الحوافز المادية والمعنوية على مستوى الرضا الوظيفي.
القيادة الأخلاقية ودورها في إدارة التغيير التنظيمي: دراسة تحليلية
Authors: السلمي مفلح حامد
Published: November 2024

إن أهمية البعد الأخلاقي للمنظمات أصبح ضرورة ملحة، خاصةً بعد مطالبتها برصد المؤشرات الدولية ذات الصلة بالشفافية والنزاهة، وتطبيق السلوكيات والممارسات الأخلاقية أثناء إدارتها للتغير التنظيمي لتحقيق تطلعاتها الاستراتيجية ومتطلباتها البيئية لمعاصرة والمستقبلية، حيث هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على القيادة الأخلاقية وإدارة التغيير التنظيمي وما هيتهما، والعلاقة بينهما من خلال النموذج المقترح، و لقد استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يقوم على الاستقراء والمقارنة لأدبيات الدراسة لتحقيق أهداف هذه الدراسة، وبناء عليه تم التوصل إلى عدة نتائج، من أهمها: أن القيادة الأخلاقية تجعل المنظمة نظاماً يتسم مدخلاته وعملياته ومخرجاته ومناخه التنظيمي بالفاعلية والكفاءة، وأن القيادة الأخلاقية قادرة على خلق ثقافية أخلاقية تنظيمية داعمة لإدارة التغيير التنظيمي من خلال تحقيق التوازن بين القيم الفردية والتنظيمية، وأن النموذج المقترح يركز على ممارسة القيادة الأخلاقية ودورها في توجيه اتجاهات وسلوكيات العاملين في إدارة التغيير التنظيمي لتحقيق الأداء والسلوك المنشود، وفي ضوء هذه النتائج أوصت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات، من أبرزها: أن تهتم المنظمات بتطبيق المعايير الأخلاقية والقيم التنظيمية للقادة والعاملين من خلال سن الأنظمة واللوائح والقواعد ومدونات السلوك الأخلاقية، وأن يحدد القائد الأخلاقي المقاييس والمعايير الأخلاقية التي من خلالها يقود إدارة التغير التنظيمي في المنظمة، وأن تعقد المنظمات البرامج التوعوية والتطويرية للقادة والعاملين لإكسابهم المهارات والمعارف الداعمة لتحقيق التغيير التنظيمي المنشود.
تصنيف المصارف على اساس مؤشر التعافي المالي باستخدام التحليل التميزي بالتطبيق في عينة من المصارف المسجلة في بورصة عمان للأوراق المالية للفترة (2000-2021)
Authors: يوسف رواء أحمد
Published: November 2024

يهدف البحث الى بناء أطار معرفي لموضوع التعافي المالي، حيث ان القدرة على تصنيف المصارف الى مصارف متعافية ماليا وأخرى غير متعافية ماليا سوف تساعد السلطات المالية في اتخاذ مجموعة من الإجراءات الداعمة للمصارف غير المتعافية ماليا من حيث زيادة كفاية رأس مالها او تخفيض منح القروض غير الجيدة وكذلك تقديم المشورة المالية لها لتحسين وضعها المالي. ويعتمد هذا البحث الى استخدام التحليل التميزي لتصنيف المصارف الاردنية المدرجة في بورصة عمان عينة البحث وللمدة (2000-2021) وفق مؤشر التعافي المالي الى مصارف متعافية ماليا واخرى غير متعافية ماليا، وباستخدام مجموعة من المؤشرات المالية (معدل العائد /اجمالي الموجودات، ورأس المال الممتلك /القروض، رأس المال الممتلك / الودائع) لقياس التعافي المالي واثبات فرضياته، وقد شملت عينة البحث (12) مصرف من المصارف المدرجة في بورصة عمان للأوراق المالية. وقد خلص البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات، فمن اهم الاستنتاجات ان المعاملات التميزية للمتغيرات كانت كالاتي: رأس المال / القروض (0.867)، معدل العائد / الموجودات (0.482)، رأس المال / الودائع  (-0.380) وأن الدالة التمييزية المعيارية ستكون  D = -0.380 Log(X1) + 0.482 Log(X2) + 0.867 X3) كذلك انه تم تصنيف المصارف الى مجموعتين :الاولى المتعافية ماليا والتي تضم (بنك الاسكان للتجارة والتمويل ،بنك الاستثمار العربي الاردني ،البنك الاستثماري ،بنك المال الاردني ،بنك القاهرة عمان ،بنك الاردن ،البنك الاهلي الاردني ، البنك العربي ) والثانية : غير متعافية ماليا والتي تضم (البنك الاردني الكويتي ،البنك التجاري الاردني ، بنك الاتحاد ، بنك المؤسسة العربية المصرفية / الاردن ) ومن النتائج يتبين بأن المتغير ( رأس المال / القروض  ) يأتي بالدرجة الاولى في التمييز بين المجموعتين ويليه المتغير (معدل العائد / الموجودات ) ويليه المتغير (رأس المال / الودائع ).
دور توليد الأفكار في تعزيز العلاقة بين التوجه الاستراتيجي والأداء الريادي: دراسة ميدانية لعينة من الشركات الإنتاجية الصناعية بولاية الخرطوم
Authors: الخضر الشيخ محمد , بشير بشير الطاهر , نصيبي حلمي محمد , سويسي أنيس محمد
Published: November 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى اختبار العلاقة بين التوجه الاستراتيجي والأداء الريادي في الشركات الإنتاجية الصناعية في ولاية الخرطوم، وقياس أثر توليد الأفكار في هذه العلاقة. تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في استفهام إلى أي مدى يؤثر توليد الأفكار في العلاقة بين التوجه الاستراتيجي والأداء الريادي. استخدمت الدراسة الاستبانة كأداة رئيسية لجمع البيانات، وتمثل مجتمع الدراسة في العاملين في الإدارة العليا ومديري الإدارات الوسطى لعدد (12) شركة سودانية، بلغ عينة الدراسة الاحتمالية (210) مستجيب. كما استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن توليد الأفكار يعدل العلاقة بين التوجه الاستراتيجي والأداء الريادي، حيث أن توليد الأفكار يعزز من العلاقة بين التوجه الاستراتيجي والأداء الريادي عندما يكون التوجه الاستراتيجي موجهًا نحو الابتكار والمخاطرة. حيث يتطلب للمنظمة أن تستجيب لردود العاملين حتى يمكنهم من المشاركة في عملية صنع القرار السليم.
الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية: دعم شامل لإسرائيل في حربها على غزة
Authors: شمص أكرم محمد علي
Published: November 2024

يوضح البحث الدعم الشامل الذي تقدمه الولايات المتحدة لإسرائيل في حربها على غزة، من خلال المساعدات المالية والعسكرية والسياسية والدبلوماسية. كما يناقش المشاركة المباشرة للإدارة الأمريكية في الحرب، والجهود المبذولة لردع حلفاء "حماس" ومنع اندلاع حرب إقليمية، بالإضافة إلى التغطية الإعلامية ومحاولة تصوير "اليوم التالي" للحرب. ويشير البحث إلى أن الشراكة العملياتية بين الولايات المتحدة وإسرائيل تُلزم الأخيرة بالاستجابة لمطالب واشنطن، ما يثير تساؤلات حول إمكانية التوصل إلى حل للصراع الفلسطيني - الإسرائيلي على قاعدة حل الدولتين. ومع استمرار إدارة بايدن في تجهيز إسرائيل بأحدث الأسلحة وتغطية استمرار حربها على غزة، يظل السؤال مفتوحًا حول ما إذا كانت هناك إرادة حقيقية داخل السلطة الفلسطينية لتلقف دعوة الإدارة الأمريكية لحل الدولتين.
DEVELOPMENT OF ARDUINO-BASED ELECTRONIC COMPONENT TESTING DEVICE
Authors:   College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts Batangas State University, Philippines, Entienza Rexcel
Published: November 2024

As advancements in electronics continued, the limitations of traditional component testers became increasingly evident. Most available testers were designed to evaluate a single component type, resulting in a circuit testing process that was often cumbersome and time-consuming. This inefficiency posed challenges to both learning and innovation in educational and professional environments. To address the growing demand for more efficient and versatile testing tools, the development of a multi-component tester became crucial. The proposed project aimed to create an integrated electronic components tester capable of evaluating a wide range of components, including integrated circuits (ICs), resistors, transistors, and capacitors. This all-in-one device was designed to streamline the testing process, improving the user experience in electronics laboratories and supporting professionals in the fields of electronics repair and development.
Hip and Groin Problems in Female Team-Sport Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Stadelmann Juan Diego , Reichmann Freddy , Franceschini-Brunner Romana , Mosler Andrea , Maffiuletti Nicola A. , Bizzini Mario
Published: November 2024

Background

Hip and groin problems are common among team-sport athletes. However, few studies have been conducted in female athletes that have used the Doha Agreement classification system to categorize these problems.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the preseason point prevalence of hip and groin problems in elite female team-sport athletes. Secondary aims were to categorize the groin problems according to the Doha Agreement classification system and to explore the association between hip muscle strength and self-reported hip and groin function.

Study Design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

Female athletes who participated in various sports underwent preseason assessment of isometric hip adduction and abduction strength, with pain levels recorded during respective contractions, and self-reported function on the Copenhagen Hip and groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). If any athlete reported current hip and groin problems during this screening assessment, a full, standardized clinical hip and groin examination was undertaken. These hip and groin problems were then categorized according to the Doha Agreement classification system. Comparisons between the participants with vs without hip and groin problems were made, and correlational statistics were used to examine relationships between strength and HAGOS scores.

Results

Ninety-one elite female athletes from six different sports were included in the study. Thirteen athletes reported current hip and groin problems, with an overall prevalence rate of 14.3%. Iliopsoas-related groin pain was the most common category diagnosed, accounting for 58.8% of cases, followed by hip-related groin pain (17.6%), adductor-related (11.8%), and inguinal- and pubic-related pain (both 5.9%). No association was found between strength and function.

Conclusion

The hip and groin point prevalence in female athletes documented during preseason appears to be similar to those reported in male athletes. Iliopsoas-related groin pain was the most common clinical entity reported in female athletes in this study. There was no association between hip muscle strength and self-reported hip and groin function.

Level of Evidence

3b
Agreement between 2D Visual- and 3D Motion Capture-based Assessment of Foot Strike Pattern
Authors: Goto Haruhiko , Kamikubo Toshinao , Yamamoto Ryota , Tsutsui Toshiharu , Torii Suguru
Published: November 2024

Background

Foot strike patterns during running are typically categorized into two types: non-rearfoot strike (NRFS) and rearfoot strike (RFS), or as three distinct types: forefoot strike (FFS), midfoot strike (MFS), and RFS, based on which part of the foot lands first. Various methods, including two-dimensional (2D) visual-based methods and three-dimensional (3D) motion capture-based methods utilizing parameters such as the strike index (SI) or strike angle (SA), have been employed to assess these patterns. However, the consistency between the results obtained from each method remains debatable.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the agreement for assessing foot strike patterns into two (NRFS and RFS) or three types (FFS, MFS, and RFS) between 2D visual- and 3D motion capture-based methods. The authors hypothesized that using two description types (NRFS and RFS) would have high inter-method reliability; however, using three description types (FFS, MFS and RFS) would have lower inter-method reliability because of the difficulty in distinguishing between FFS and MFS.

Study design

Controlled Laboratory Study

Methods

Overall, 162 foot strikes from four healthy runners with various foot strike patterns were analyzed. Running kinematics and kinetics were recorded using a 3D motion capture system with a force platform. Each foot strike was filmed at 240 fps from the sagittal perspective. The visual, SI, and SA methods were used, and the kappa values for each method were calculated.

Results

An assessment of the two types of foot strike: NRFS and RFS, revealed almost perfect kappa values (κ = 0.89–0.95) among the visual, SI, and SA methods. In contrast, an assessment of the three types: FFS, MFS, and RFS, revealed relatively low kappa values (κ = 0.58–0.71). Kappa values within the NRFS category, which includes MFS and FFS, ranged from fair to slight (κ = 0.08–0.33).

Conclusion

Previous laboratory findings that categorized foot strike patterns into two distinct types may be applied in observational studies, clinical practice, and training situations.

Level of evidence

Level 2
Neurocognitive & Ecological Motor Learning Considerations for the 11+ ACL Injury Prevention Program: A Commentary
Authors: Grooms Dustin R. , Bizzini Mario , Silvers-Granelli Holly , Benjaminse Anne
Published: November 2024

The 11+ is a structured warm-up program designed to prevent injuries in soccer players, but has proven efficacy in many populations, settings and sports. It consists of 15 exercises that target the most common injury sites, such as the knee, ankle, and groin. However, the implementation and adherence of the 11+ remain suboptimal, and recent compelling data indicates underlying mechanisms of injury risk related to neural control of movement may not be adequately targeted. Updates to the 11+ considering practical implications of neurocognitive and ecological motor learning may be warranted for coaches and practitioners. We review the evidence on how an updated 11+ may influence the cognitive and perceptual processes involved in motor control and learning, such as attention, anticipation, decision making, and feedback. How the 11+ can be adapted to the ecological constraints and affordances of the football (soccer) environment is also discussed, including the task, the individual, and the context. By considering these factors, the 11+ can be more effective, engaging, and enjoyable for the players, and thus improve its adoption and compliance. The 11+ has the capability to not only a physical warm-up, but also a neurocognitive and ecological preparation for the game. Therefore, the purpose of this manuscript is to describe the conceptual design of a new ecological neurocognitively enriched 11+, that builds on the strong foundation of the original intervention with considerations for the newly discovered potential neural control of movement risk factors.
The Impact of Visual Perturbation Neuromuscular Training on Landing Mechanics and Neural Activity: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wohl Timothy R , Criss Cody R , Haggerty Adam L , Rush Justin L , Simon Janet E , Grooms Dustin R
Published: November 2024

Background

Athletes at risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have concurrent deficits in visuocognitive function and sensorimotor brain functional connectivity.

Purpose

This study aimed to determine whether visual perturbation neuromuscular training (VPNT, using stroboscopic glasses and external visual focus feedback) increases physical and cognitive training demand, improves landing mechanics, and reduces neural activity for knee motor control.

Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods: Eight right leg dominant healthy female athletes (20.4±1.1yrs; 1.6±0.1m; 64.4±7.0kg) participated in four VPNT sessions. Before and after VPNT, real-time landing mechanics were assessed with the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and neural activity was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging during a unilateral right knee flexion/extension task. Physical and cognitive demand after each VPNT session was assessed with Borg’s Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) for both physical and cognitive perceived exertion and the NASA Task Load Index. Descriptives and effect sizes were calculated.

Results

Following VPNT, LESS scores decreased by 1.5 ± 1.69 errors with a large effect size (0.78), indicating improved mechanics, and reductions in BOLD signal were observed in two clusters: 1) left supramarginal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, secondary somatosensory cortex (p=.012, z=4.5); 2) right superior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor cortex (p<.01, z=5.3). There was a moderate magnitude increase of cognitive RPE between the first and last VPNT sessions.

Conclusion

VPNT provides a clinically feasible means to perturbate visual processing during training that improves athletes’ real-time landing mechanics and promotes neural efficiency for lower extremity movement, providing the exploratory groundwork for future randomized controlled trials.

Level of evidence

Level 3
Position- and Sex-Related Differences in Sagittal and Frontal Plane Concentric Isokinetic Hip Muscle Peak Torques and Agonist-Antagonist Ratios
Authors: Hoglund Lisa T. , Schiffino Matthew C. , Freels James E. , Romano Isabella G.
Published: November 2024

Background

Hip muscle weakness is associated with many musculoskeletal conditions and athletic injuries. Isokinetic testing is often performed to measure a patient’s strength or to assess treatment response. Patient sex and positioning during isokinetic strength testing may influence peak torque production and the agonist-antagonist peak torque ratios. However, different test positions are used clinically and in research to measure hip muscle strength. It is unknown how patient test position or sex impacts test results.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether concentric isokinetic peak torques of sagittal and frontal plane hip muscles differ when tested in recumbent versus standing positions and if results were impacted by patient sex.

Study Design

Cross-sectional observational

Methods

Forty healthy adults (20 male, 20 female) participated. Concentric isokinetic hip torques of the hip flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors were measured with participants in two positions (recumbent versus standing; 60°/second angular velocity). Peak torque values were normalized by body mass and height. Data were analyzed with mixed-model ANOVAs (sex x position). Effect sizes were examined using partial eta squared.

Results

No significant interactions or main effects for sex were found. Significant main effects for position were found for hip extensor and abductor peak torques and for hip flexor-extensor ratio. Hip extensor peak torque was greater when tested supine versus standing with a large effect size (p=.02, effect size =.14). Hip abductor peak torque was greater when tested sidelying versus standing with a medium effect size (p=.03, effect size =.12). Hip flexor-extensor agonist-antagonist ratio was greater when tested standing versus supine with a large effect size (p<.001, effect size =.27).

Conclusion

Hip extensor and abductor concentric isokinetic peak torques were greater when tested in recumbent versus standing positions. In contrast, hip flexor-extensor ratio was greater when tested in standing versus supine.

Level of Evidence

3
Hip Stability Isometric Test (HipSIT): Concurrent Validity and Reference Values for CrossFit® Participants
Authors: Santos Thiago R T , Rodrigues Ana Luiza R , Faria Henrique M P , Teixeira Stéphane M , Pogetti Livia S , Silva Andressa , Resende Renan A , Ocarino Juliana M
Published: November 2024

Background

The Hip Stability Isometric Test (HipSIT) is a practical clinical assessment of posterolateral hip muscle performance. There is no information regarding the validity of the HipSIT in participants exposed to high-intensity training, such as CrossFit®.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Hip Stability Isometric Test (HipSIT) concurrent validity with the isokinetic assessment in CrossFit® participants. A secondary purpose was to characterize posterolateral hip muscular performance with HipSIT according to sex and lower limb dominance in athletes who participate in CrossFit®.

Study Design

Cross-sectional.

Methods

One-hundred and eleven CrossFit® participants were evaluated. The posterolateral hip muscles were evaluated using the HipSIT with a hand-held dynamometer. The hip extensors and abductors’ peak torque and maximum work were assessed with the Biodex System® 4 Pro isokinetic dynamometer at 60º/s. Concurrent validity between measurements was assessed with the Spearman correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analyses. The comparison of results between sexes and between limbs was also performed.

Results

Spearman analyses indicated a significant positive correlation with medium effect size between HipSIT and isokinetic variables ( ρ = 0.36 to 0.49). Bland-Altman analyses showed that most measures were within the 95% limits of agreement. The HipSIT was greater in males than females (p < 0.001) and greater in the dominant than non-dominant limb (p = 0.03).

Conclusion

The findings support using HipSIT in the clinical assessment of CrossFit® participants. Clinicians can use the data as reference values for athletes who participate in CrossFit® and should consider the difference between sexes and lower limbs.

Level of evidence

3
Proprioceptive Reweighting and Postural Control are Impaired Among Elite Athletes Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Attalin Benoit , Sagnard Telma , Laboute Eric , Forestier Nicolas , Rémy-Néris Olivier , Picot Brice
Published: November 2024

Background

After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), the risk of recurrence can reach 20%, partially due to poor postural control and impaired sensory processing. Lack of flexibility in proprioceptive postural strategy has recently been shown to be a potential risk factor for ACL injury.

Hypothesis/Purpose

This study aimed to compare proprioceptive reweighting and postural control between ACLR and controls elite athletes. It has been hypothesized that athletes with ACLR exhibit impaired proprioceptive reweighting and poor postural control.

Study design

Cross-sectional study

Methods

Fifty-two ACLR and 23 control elite athletes (50 males and 25 females, mean age 24.7 years) were included. Proprioceptive reweighting was determined using the evolution of proprioceptive weighting (eRPW), calculated from the center of pressure (CoP) displacements generated by tendon vibration during bilateral standing tasks on firm and foam surfaces. An eRPW <95% classified individuals as flexible (i.e., able to reweight proprioceptive signals from the ankle to the lumbar region), whereas an eRPW >105% classified individuals as rigid (i.e., maintaining an ankle dominant strategy). CoP velocity (vCoP) and CoP ellipse area (EA) were used to characterize postural control. Independent sample t-test and a Chi-squared test were used to compare eRPW, vCoP, EA, and the proportion of flexible and rigid athletes between groups.

Results

The eRPW was higher in the ACLR group (100.9±58.8 vs. 68.6±26.6%; p=0.031; Rank biserial correlation=0.314; medium), with a greater proportion of rigid athletes than in the control group (38.5 vs. 4.4%; p=0.010), reflecting lower proprioceptive reweighting. The ACLR group had greater EA on foam surface (8.0±4.6 vs. 6.3±4.4cm²; p=0.019), revealing poorer postural control.

Conclusion

Elite athletes with ACLR showed impaired proprioceptive reweighting and poor postural control on an unstable surface. This reflects an inability to adapt proprioceptive weighting when balance conditions are changing and suboptimal postural strategies.

Level of Evidence

3b
Increased Visual Attentional Demands Alter Lower Extremity Sidestep Cutting Kinematics in Male Basketball Players
Authors: Rikken Koen T.H. , Panneman Tom , Vercauteren Fabian , Gokeler Alli , Benjaminse Anne
Published: November 2024

Background

In basketball, changing direction is one of the primary mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, often occurring within complex game situations with high cognitive demands. It is unknown how visual attention affects sidestep cutting kinematics during the entire energy absorption phase of the cut in an ecologically valid environment.

Purpose

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of added cognitive load, in the form of increased visual attentional demands, on sidestep cutting kinematics during the energy absorption phase of the cut in an ecologically valid environment.

Study Design

Crossover Study

Methods

Fifteen male basketball players (aged 22.1 ± 2.3) performed ten sidestep cutting movements without (BASE) and with (VIS) a visual attention dual task. 3D kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle were recorded utilizing Xsens IMU motion capture. Temporal kinematics were analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Discrete time point kinematics were additionally analyzed at initial contact (IC) and at peak knee flexion utilizing paired t-tests. Effect sizes were calculated.

Results

Hip flexion was significantly reduced in the VIS condition compared to the BASE condition (p<0.01), including at IC (VIS 35.0° ± 7.2°, BASE 40.7° ± 4.9°, p=0.02, d=0.92) and peak (VIS 37.8° ± 9.7°, BASE 45.5° ± 6.9°, p=0.001, d=0.90). Knee flexion was significantly reduced in the VIS condition, in comparison to the BASE condition (p<0.01), at peak (VIS 59.9° ± 7.5°, BASE 64.1° ± 7.4°, p=0.001, d=0.55).

Conclusion

The addition of visual attention during sidestep cutting altered lower limb kinematics, which may increase ACL injury risk. It is suggested that ACL injury risk screening and prevention should include sidestep cutting with visual attentional demands, in order to mimic the cognitive demands of the sports environment.

Level of Evidence

3
Advanced Neuromuscular Training Differentially Changes Performance on Visuomotor Reaction Tests and Single-leg Hop Tests in Patients with ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Chmielewski Terese , Obermeier Michael , Meierbachtol Adam , Jenkins Asher , Stuart Michael , Sikka Robby , Tompkins Marc
Published: November 2024

Background

Advanced neuromuscular training prepares patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) for sport participation. Return-to-sport testing often includes single-leg hop tests, yet combining motor and cognitive tasks (i.e., dual-task) might reveal neurocognitive reliance.

Purpose/Hypothesis

This study examined changes in performance on visuomotor reactions tests and single-leg hop tests following advanced neuromuscular training in patients with ACLR. The hypothesis was that performance would improve less on reaction tests than on single-leg hop tests.

Study Design

Quasi experimental, Pretest-Posttest

Methods

Twenty-five patients with ACLR (11 males) completed 10 sessions of advanced neuromuscular training and pre-and post-training testing. Reaction tests outcomes were from a platform and visual display. The double-leg reaction test involved touching target dots with either leg for 20 seconds; correct touches and errors were recorded. The single-leg reaction test involved hopping on the test leg to 10 target dots; hop time and errors were recorded. Single-leg hop tests included forward, triple, crossover triple, and timed hop; limb symmetry index was recorded. Effect sizes were calculated for corrected touches on the double-leg reaction test, surgical side hop time on the single-leg reaction test, and surgical side hop distance or time on single-leg hop tests.

Results

Correct touches on the double-leg reaction test significantly increased from pre- to post-training (20.4 +/- 4.3 vs. 23.9 +/- 2.8, p<0.001). Hop time on the single-leg reaction test significantly decreased from pre- to post-training (Surgical leg 13.2 vs. 12.3 seconds, non-surgical leg 13.0 vs. 12.1 seconds, p=0.003). Mean errors did not significantly change on either reaction test (p> 0.05). Cohens d effect sizes in descending order was single-leg hop tests (d=0.9 to 1.3), double-leg reaction test (d=0.9), and single-leg reaction test (d=0.5).

Conclusion

Motor performance improved after advanced neuromuscular training, but the effect size was less on visuomotor reaction tests than single-leg hop tests. The results suggest persistence of neurocognitive reliance after ACLR and a need for more dual-task challenges in training.

Level of Evidence

3
Task-Driven Neurophysiological qEEG Baseline Performance Capabilities in Healthy, Uninjured Division-I College Athletes.
Authors: Mangine Robert E. , Palmer Thomas G. , Tersak James A. , Mark Michael , Clark Joseph F , Eifert-Mangine Marsha , Hill-Lindsay Audrey , Grawe Brian M
Published: November 2024

Background

Athletic performance can be measured with a variety of clinical and functional assessment techniques. There is a need to better understand the relationship between the brain’s electrical activity and the body’s physiological performance capabilities in real-time while performing physical tasks related to sport. Orthopedic functional assessments used to monitor the neuroplastic properties of the central nervous system lack objectivity and/or pertinent functionality specific to sport. The ability to assess brain wave activity with physiological metrics during functional exercises associated with sport has proven to be difficult and impractical in real-time sport settings. Quantitative electroencephalography or qEEG brain mapping is a unique, real-time comprehensive assessment of brain electrical activity performed in combination with physiometrics which offers insight to neurophysiological brain-to-body function. Brain neuroplasticity has been associated with differences in musculoskeletal performance among athletes, however comparative real-time normal data to benchmark performance capabilities is limited.

Purpose/Design

This prospective, descriptive case series evaluated performance of task-driven activities using an innovative neurophysiological assessment technique of qEEG monitored neurophysiological responses to establish a comparative benchmark of performance capabilities in healthy, uninjured Division-I athletes.

Methods

Twenty-eight healthy uninjured females (n=11) and males (n=17) NCAA Division-I athletes participated in real-time neurophysiological assessment using a Bluetooth, wireless 21-channel dry EEG headset while performing functional activities.

Results

Uninjured athletes experienced standard and regulated fluctuations of brain wave activity in key performance indicators of attention, workload capacity and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) asymmetries.

Conclusion

qEEG neurophysiological real-time assessment concurrent with functional activities in uninjured, Division-I athletes may provide a performance capability benchmark. Real-time neurophysiological data can be used to monitor athletes’ preparedness to participate in sport, rehabilitation progressions, assist in development of injury prevention programs, and return to play decisions. While this paper focuses on healthy, uninjured participants, results underscore the need to discen pre-injury benchmarks.

Level of Evidence

4
Harmonization of Funding for Government Cooperation With Small-Scale Public-Private Partnership
Authors: Kurdi Kurdi , Amalia Prita , Mahardhito Adhitya Wardhana Yuki
Published: November 2024

This study examines the relevance of the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas) Regulation No. 7 of 2023 and Law No. 1 of 2022 in supporting the Small-Scale Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme. The urgency of this research lies in the need to improve existing regulations and ensure legal certainty for Small-Scale PPPs, as these regulations provide relevant frameworks for such schemes. The study aims to understand how regulatory harmonization can enhance regional fiscal capacity and facilitate project implementation. Utilizing a normative juridical method with legislative and conceptual approaches, the study finds that since 2015, only 6 out of 34 PPP projects involved local governments. The conclusion highlights the importance of simplifying regulations and adjusting project value requirements to increase regional participation and fiscal effectiveness. The study recommends regulatory adjustments to support more equitable and sustainable infrastructure development.