bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MINERALOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION EXPERIMENT OF REE IN WEATHERED ANGGI GRANITE, MANOKWARI REGENCY, WEST PAPUA, INDONESIA
Authors: Prasastia Ega Gita , Setijadji Lucas Donny , Warmada I Wayan
Published: October 2019

This research objective is to identify geochemical andmineralogical characteristics of Rare earth elements(REE) in the weathering products of Anggi Granite, which is located in Manokwari Regency, WestPapua, Indonesia. The research is conducted on 7samples of fresh rocks and 7 samples of weatheredrocks of Anggi Granite. The research analysis consists of petrography, XRD, XRF, and sequential extraction experiment, supported by secondary dataand references. Anggi Granite is S-type and peraluminous granite that contains zircon, monazite andapatite as a rare earth bearing minerals. Weathering products of Anggi Granite do not have a significant enrichment of REE, even some of the samplesare depleted in REE. REE in weathered Anggi Granite are dominantly present in the primary minerals,mostly in zircon and monazite. Extractable formof geochemical fractions include crystalline Fe-oxideoccluded fraction (ilmenite, hematite and goethite),and ion-exchangeable (illite, kaolin and chlorite).Enrichment of REE in the weathered Anggi Granite is influenced by the presence of resistant REEbearing minerals, in the forms of zircon and monazite, degree of weathering related to the presenceof secondary minerals, and other factors such as pHand Eh
Lithostratigraphy of Tabul Formation and Onshore Geology of Nunukan Island, North Kalimantan
Authors: Husein Salahuddin
Published: October 2019

Nunukan Island is located in Northeast Kalimantan Basin, one of proliﬁc basin in western Indonesia. However, this island lies in northern verge of the basin and hydrocarbon exploration were limited before the 1940s. No detail geological ﬁeldworks has been published. This paper attempts to share geological information obtained from few accessible outcrops, particularly from the western part of the island where previous oil drilling were carried out. Most of the island have been built by Tabul Formation, which was also the main objective of reservoir for hydrocarbon exploration. It is composed of claystones, siltstones, and sandstones interbeds, deposited in transitional environment during Late Miocene. They exhibit coarsening upward sequence, the lower part composed of heterolitic sandstones deposited in tidal ﬂats, and the upper part composed of arkosic sandstones deposited in distributary channels and mouthbars. The eastern coastal strip was constructed by Tarakan conglomerates, which have been deposited in ﬂuvio-deltaic environment in Pliocene, unconformably over the Tabul clastics. Those Neogene deposition of paleo-Simengaris Delta apparently deformed and inverted in Plio-Pleistocene, contemporaneously with basaltic volcanism which spread widely over northeastern Borneo, which also observed in the northern half of the Nunukan Island
Chromium Precipitation Activity and Molecular Characterization of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria
Authors: Yulianti Dwiana Muflihah , Retnaningrum Endah , Wilopo Wahyu
Published: October 2019

Chromium is one of the metals used in many areas of industry., However, chromium is toxic to organisms when present in large quantities in the environment. One of the method for treatment of hazardous waste containing chromium in the aquatic environment can be removed by bioremediation using sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Therefore, the purpose of this research were to analyze the chromium precipitation activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from sulfate reducing bioreactor and its molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequences. The result observed that the isolate of sulfate-reducing bacteria (KGP1 strain) has chromium tolerancy ability up to 5 ppm. It also showed that the strain KGP1 could precipitate chromium up to 0.141 ppm (79 %) on 5 days incubation. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, this strain identified as Desulfovibrio aerotolerans.
Geo-mechanics and Hydraulic Conductivity Study of Claystone in Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Budianta Wawan , Aprianti Popang Monika , Prastistho Widyawanto , Takemura Jiro
Published: October 2019

Claystone middle Miocene age were found in Wonosegoro sub-district, Boyolali region, Central Java, Indonesia. The purpose of the paper is to examine and discuss the geology and typical behavor of this claystone and its micro-level mechanism. The hydraulic conductivity was assessed using consilidated apparatuses; 150 mm diameter column mound using aggregated sample and 60 mm oedometer mould using slurry sample as a reference. Claystone materials used were treated under various conditions. In long term test under constand vertical stress and hydraulic gradient, the hydraulic conductvity decreases with time although the volume of void volume of the sample increased by swelling. Water contens of the individul aggregated increased by swelling, by which strength of particles decreases with and aggregate breakdown was enchanced. As a result, large void created by large particles could be redused in its size, leading the reduction of hydraulic conductuvity. The hydralic conductivities (K values) obtained from the aggregated sample varied in a broad range compared with those from slurry sample. In the test using the higher percentage of gravel-sized aggregate (up until couarse gravel-sized; retained in 26.5 mm sieve), K values changed from 10-5 to 10-7 m/s under vertical stresses from 5 up to 245 kPa. The test was repeated using smaller percentage of gravel-sized aggregate (up until fine gravel-sized, retained in 4.75 mm sieve) and the observed K values changed from 10-5 to 10-10 m/s. While the K values obtained in the specimen made from surry under same vertical stresses was 10-9 to 10-11 m/s. All of the extruded aggregate samples had higher water content than the initial ones, which suggest the alteration mechanism of soled consolidation phase to more deformable plastic phase, whice enables thesample to decrease the void size. These results conclude that using coarse gravel-sized aggregated, which is a reasonable scenario of a practically feasible aggregate size in a field, may noy produce the aimed hydraulic conductivity by the regulated standard. Therefore, breakdown of the aggrgate size and enchament of swelling are crucial factors for the application of the clay stones as a barrier material.
Concentration of sheep manure bacteria in the immobilization of arsenic from groundwater using zero-valent
Authors: Wilopo Wahyu , Sasaki Keiko , Hirajim Tsuyoshi
Published: October 2019

Permeable reactive barrier column tests were performed to investigate whether anaerobic bacteria in sheep manure could help remove As from groundwater. One column served as a control and was packed with zero-valent iron (ZVI), compost leaf, wood chips, glass beads, and gravel, after which it was sterilized. The other (‘inoculated column’) was packed with the same ingredients, with the addition of sheep manure as a source of anaerobic bacteria. Simulated As-contaminated groundwater was prepared based on groundwater samples from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, but with the arsenic concentration adjusted to 50 mg/L. The inoculated column was found to remove As more effectively from the simulated groundwater than the sterilized one. A gradual decrease in sulfate concentration was observed in the inoculated column at the rate of 0.26 mmol of sulfate/L/day, suggesting that there was sulfate-reducing activity in the microbial population. In addition, the sulfur isotope ratio showed -4.3 (‰) and 0.2 (‰) in influent and effluent, respectively, indicating that sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) consumed δ32S preferentially. Using population size estimates from the most probable number (MPN) method, the population of SRB was found to increase with distance traveled in the column. Profiling the community composition of the bacteria in different fractions of the inoculated column using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) on 16S rRNA sequences suggested that a majority of bacteria were various Clostridium species and one species of Proteobacteria, Geobacter metallireducens GS-15. Some of them may contribute to the removal of arsenic.Keywords: Sheep manure, zero valence iron, arsenic, immobilization, sulfate-reducing bacteria
Adsorption of heavy metal by natural clayey soil
Authors: Budianta Wawan
Published: October 2019

This study focused on the capability of Clayey soil to retain and release heavy metals. Batch experiment for sample of clayey soil was conducted with several concentrated solutions of heavy metals. The results show that the clayey soil sample may have a relatively high heavy metal retention capacity. This is particularly positive in the context of municipal waste disposal (landfills) in Indonesia

Keywords: Adsorption, heavy metal, clayey soil, batch experiment
Lateritization process of peridotites in Siruka, Choiseul, Solomon Islands
Authors: V. Sagapoa Christopher , Imai Akira , Ogata Takeyuki , Yonezu Kotaro , Watanabe Koichiro
Published: October 2019

The lateritic weathering crusts exposed in Siruka, Choiseul Islands, Solomon Islands, were developed on the expense of serpentinized peridotite underlain by Siruka schists and Voza lavas with a subhorizontal contact. The lateritic profiles consist of three generalized zones: bedrock, saprolitic zone (weathered and decomposed zone) and the limonitic zones. The profiles demonstrate variations in depths and continuity but illustrate mineralogy and geochemical affinity down profile and are analogous to saprolitic nickel laterite deposits. Silica and magnesia in the bed rock and the saprolitic zones have been removed and only the residual elements (iron, chromium, aluminium, manganese, cobalt and nickel) remain in the limonitic zone. These elements are relatively concentrated as a result of the removal of the soluble elements. Nickel is associated with silica and magnesia, as lizardite ormixed gels (garnierite nickel ore) at the weathering fronts. On the other hand, nickel, with generally low concentrations (
Geo-disaster Laharic Flow along Putih River, Central Jawa, Indonesia
Authors: Surjono Sugeng Sapto , Yufianto Ahmad
Published: October 2019

In 2011, laharic flow transporting volcanic materials had significantly occurred along Putih River, causing severe damage in Jumoyo area, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The disaster happened frequently until April 2011. The approximately 150 million cubic meter of volcanic materials expelled from 2010 Merapi eruption has been assumed as main cause of recent laharic flow. Although pyroclastic deposit mostly flew to south and southeastern direction through Woro, Gendol, and Opak Rivers, laharic flow apparently flew to the west â€“ westward directions through Putih and Pabelan Rivers. This study will explain the mechanism of such disaster along Putih River from sedimentological point of view.

Transport mechanism of laharic flow along river is strongly controlled by the slope and type of fluids. In the upper stream area, debris flow commonly occurs as gravity flow in the steep slope. To the downstream area, where more river and surface water infiltrates the volcanic material transportation, laharic flow mechanism transforms to hyperconcentrated flow. In the gently slope area, laharic flow decreases in concentration but increase in amount because of the accumulation influx from several river flows. Hyperconcentrated flow in Putih River is mostly generated by accumulation of river flow in the tributary area. In such area, loose volcanic materials are eroded easily by surface water. Rill and gully erosion bring volcanic material into main channel of Putih River, followed by intensive vertical erosion along upper stream that will produce bigger accumulation of volcanic material within laharic flow in the downstream area. Several sabo dams along the Putih River were damaged during early period of laharic flow due to this transportation mechanism.

At the downstream of in Gempol Village, Jumoyo Area, the main channel of Putih River is shifting northwestward significantly due to Gendol Hill. On the other hand, river body in this settlement area is narrower compared to the upper stream area just before turning point. Both condition cause laharic flow to spill out from the channel and form an unconfined sheet debris flow with a 500 m width and around 2-4 m thick sediments. Although energy of transport is reduced significantly, but this flow is still able to transport abundant volcanic material ranging from silt to boulder. Traditional market and hundreds of houses were buried and the main road from Yogyakarta to Magelang city has been disconnected for several times due to this disaster.

Keywords: Putih River, Laharic flow, Jumoyo
The potential impact of ash Merapi Volcano eruption 2010 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, for the environment and human health
Authors: Budianta Wawan
Published: October 2019

The eruptions of Merapi Volcano began in late October 2010 and continued into early November 2010. Among parts of materials ejected by Merapi Volcano, volcanic ash is considered to be a respiratory health hazard because of several potentially toxic components: respirable crystalline silica and metals. The objective of this study is to review the grain size of volcanic ash and to analyze the composition of volcanic ash which is suspected to carry a variety of potentially toxic elements. The result of this study shows that very fine grain size of volcanic ash were detected which has a potential to become respiratory problem trigger. The heavy metals were also detected in ash samples. On the other hand, total sulfur content was also considered high and the source of this sulfur was sulfur dioxide during eruption.

Keywords: Merapi volcano, eruption, volcanic ash, health hazard, toxic elements.
COASTAL AQUIFER GROUNDWATER MODELING IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF YOGYAKARTA AREA, INDONESIA
Authors: Rata Doung , Eka Putra Doni Prakasa , Hendrayana Heru
Published: October 2019

Parangtritis beach, located in a coastal aquifer at the southern part of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia is bounded by the Indian Ocean at the South, Opak River at the West, and Tertiary Limestone Rock to the East. Local land-use is predominantly agriculture, rice fields and settlements and the population is estimated to be 9,386 persons as per the 2012 census. The total surface area is estimated at 9.46 km2. The aims of this research were to understand the system of groundwater and to assess and predict saltwater intrusion by conducting a numerical groundwater model. Hydrological and hydrogeological data were collected directly from the field and from previous work for input into the model. The model simulates an unconfined aquifer system where the aquifer thickness varies from 30-40 meters. The material of the aquifer consists of sand varying from fine to coarse grain size and fine gravel with hydraulic conductivity values of 8.974 × 10−4, 1.794 × 10−3, and 1.337 × 10−3 m/s at the northern, central, and southern part of the research area, respectively. The maximum length of the saltwater interface was estimated at about 205.1 m laterally and 40 m vertically relative to the location of the groundwater table around 1m above sea level. Direction of groundwater flow is from north to south. Groundwater table elevation equals 5 m at the north and 0 m at the south with a hydraulic gradient estimated at about 2.45 × 10−3. As a result of a steady-state simulation as well as two cases of prediction for five and ten years in the future, it is determined that that the salinity of the surrounding environment is not potentially adverse to the groundwater quality in the study area. This is in part due to low population in this area and abundant groundwater resources, as well as the results of the groundwater model. Keywords: Coastal aquifer, numerical groundwater model, conceptual model, observed heads
Fluid Inclusion Study Of The Polymetallic Epithermal Quartz Veins At Soripesa Prospect Area, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia
Authors: Kant Win , Warmada I Wayan , Idrus Arifudin , Setijadji Lucas Donny , Watanabe Koichiro
Published: October 2019

The Soripesa prospect area is located at Maria village, Wawo district, Bima region in the eastern part of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. This area is a part of Cenozoic Calc-alkaline volcanic inner Banda-Sunda Arc. The dominant lithology of Soripesa prospect area are a lithic-crystal tuff of andesitic and dacitic composition and bedded limestone. There have five main polymetallic epithermal quartz veins in the Soripesa prospect area, namely, Rini vein, Jambu air vein, Dollah vein, Merpati vein, and Arif vein. Those quartz veins are hosted mainly in andesitic volcaniclastic rocks. Fluid inclusion study on those quartz veins is vey important to know the condition of hydrothermal fluids and their origin. Fluid inclusion study is conducted at the laboratory of Earth Resources Engineering Department, Kyushu University, Japan. Homogenization temperature, freeze temperature, eutectic temperature, and melting temperature can be known from fluid inclusion study. Based on fluid inclusion study, formation temperatures of all veins are between 250–260◦C. Melting temperature is between -0.2 to -3◦C. Based on the melting temperature, salinity (wt.% NaCl equiv.) of fluid inclusions is calculated by using Bodnar’s equation. Paleodepth of formations and pressure of trapping are also estimated by using formation temperature and salinity. Based on Hass (1971) diagram, estimated paleodepths of formations are 270 m for Merpati vein, 400 m for Dollah vein, 480 m for Rini vein, 570 m for Arif vein, and 680 m for Jambu Air vein, respectively. Pressure of trapping can also be estimated from depth of formation, density of lithostatic overburden, and gravity; 72 bars for Merpati vein, 106 bars for Dollah vein, 127 bars for Rini vein, 151 bars for Arif vien, and 180 bars for Jambu Air vein, respectively. Keywords: Soripesa, polymetallic quartz veins, homogenization temperature, salinity.
COMPARISON OF KRIGING AND INVERSE DISTANCE WEIGHTED (IDW) INTERPOLATION METHODS IN LINEAMENT EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS
Authors: Setianto Agung , Triandini Tamia
Published: October 2019

Analysis that is based on geostatistics eliminates many corresponding defects and limitations compared to classical statistics which have been developed by random distribution theory of processes and variables. Interpolation is important for local analysis by GIS, because many maps used for GIS operation are made by interpolation. In this research, two different methods which is Kriging method and Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method was examined for developing Digital Elevation Model image. Each method’s advantages and disadvantages were considered. The study are, Kepil, is within Kulon Progo physiographic and stratigraphic area, located in the western part of Yogyakarta city. This area is located close to the Java Island Subduction Zone, hence influence of tectonic plate movement is relatively dominant. Geological structures become a main factor that shapes the recent morphology. This study area also has many settlements and has high weathering and erosion rate. Lineaments are extracted based on Digital Elevation Model to provide assistance in delineating geological structures. The structural geology analysis and an understanding of tectonic phase of the area provide useful information for geological map- ping. Accuracy of lineament depends on extraction and imagery parameters used. In this study, the extraction was conducted by two different raster methods, namely Kriging and Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) with the same resolution of 30 meters. Lineament extracted automatically (digitally) with certain parameter settings. Keywords: Kriging, inverse distance weighted, interpolation, lineament, random distribution, digital elevation model.
IMPROVEMENT OF EXPANSIVE SOIL BY ELECTRO-KINETIC METHOD
Authors: Thanh Thuy Tran Thi , Eka Putra Doni Prakasa , Budianta Wawan , Hazarika Hemanta
Published: October 2019

The roadway in Karangjati, Ngawi Regency, East Java, Indonesia, which is underlain by expansive soil, is susceptible to damage due to volume change. This research aims to improve the engineering properties, such as consistency limits, compressibility, and undrained shear strength of the montmorillonite dominated soil in this area using an electrokinetic stabilization method. Four electro-kinetic experiments were conducted using different electrolytes (calcium chloride or pure water) under different conditions (no-flow or flow water). The results show that, pH values of all soil samples decreased at anolyte and increased at catholyte. Atterberg limits of the soil samples were found to increase, where the liquid limit (LL) range of 79.72– 86.14%, plastic limit (PL) 25.22–30.80%, and plasticity index (PI) 53.28–60.92, liquidity Index (LI) 0.91–1.08. The compression index Cc was 0.50– 0.742. Undrained shear strength of treated soil range of 7–11 kPa. Moreover, strengthening degree of the treated soils achieve 304–556%. The soil improvement was achieved by decreasing the Atterberg limits, and compressibility and increasing the undrained shear strength. Applying calcium chloride and flow water condition were the most effective methods for the soil improvement. The mineralogical compositions of the soil samples did not change after the treatment. Keywords: Electro-kinetic stabilization, electro chemical injection, clayey soil improvement.
Determination of suitable groundwater quality for agriculture by using GIS application in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia
Authors: Kong Chhuon , Hendrayana Heru , Setianto Agung
Published: October 2019

irrigation purposes within Bantul area which is located on Yogyakarta Volcanic Groundwater Basin, 47 existing data points were used complementary with the results of 30 groundwater samples analysis which were collected from dug and tub wells in various locations of study area. ECw, TDS, pH and major cations: Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+,and anions: Cl􀀀, HCO􀀀 3 , SO2􀀀 4 , NO􀀀 3 were analyzed as evaluation index. The relative tendency of ion in epm shows Ca2+>K+>Na+>Mg2+ and HCO􀀀 3 >Cl􀀀>SO2􀀀 4 . Variations in groundwater composition by using Mg/Ca vs. Na/Ca molar ratio indicates that the groundwater is close to silicate rock with influence of clastic carbonate rock. Higher salinity approach to the west of the Bantul indicates that groundwater quality is controlled by clastic carbonate rock and expose limestone of Sentolo hills. Groundwater samples fall under class I suggested that groundwater is good and suitable for irrigation based on Doneen’s classification of permeability index and 78.37% is in excellent category by Wilcox classification on N%. According to the SAR values plotted in the USSL diagram, the majority of the groundwater samples belong to C2-S1 and C2-S2 class, indicating medium salinity and low sodium water which can be used for irrigation with little danger. The suitability of groundwater quality for agriculture is determined by thematic maps produced from ArcGIS Spatial Analyst based on FAO guideline. Salinity is the significant problem that has slight to moderate restriction effect on crops productivities in this area. The ECw map indicates that good groundwater quality for crops is at the middle to the east of study area close to Opak River, while at the western irrigation water is affected but yielding no reduction on rice productivity. However, it has slight to moderate restriction on sensitive crops indicated in thematic map of crops land with different yield potential. The agricultural land in which has yield potential of 100%, 90% and 75% is about 2727.90 ha (38.56%), 735.49 ha (10.39%) and 208.98 ha (2.95%) of the study area respectively. Key words: Irrigation groundwater quality, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), evaluation index, ArcGIS Spatial Analyst, FAO guideline, yield potential.
ROCK MASS RATING OF CAVITY LIMESTONE LAYER IN REMBANG, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Wijaya R. Andy Erwin , Karnawati Dwikorita , Srijono Srijono , Wilopo Wahyu
Published: October 2019

mine design. Mine design is determined by the rock mass quality, which varies from one mine location to another, depending on the geological conditions. The research area is located in limestone quarry of Sale District, Rembang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. In the study area, a cavity zone is exposed at the wall of quarry bench and occurs by a solution process. The cavity layer zone is a weak zone which has caused bench failures. The objective of this research is to evaluate the quality of the cavity limestone layer for a safe mine design using Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system. Final result of the research is a rock mass characterization, specifically for the cavity limestone layer. Keywords: Rock mass rating, limestone, cavity layer
LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT OF KOKAP AREA USING MULTIPLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION
Authors: Makealoun Somyot , Eka Putra Doni Prakasa , Wilopo Wahyu
Published: October 2019

A number of landslides have occured in Kokap SubDistrict, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, which have influenced the communities. The natural disaster is commonly associated with a few days of heavy rainfall events. To mitigate the impact of landslides in this area, a landslide susceptibility assessment needs to be carried out. The main objective of this research is to develop a landslide susceptibility zonation in the research area by applying a logistic regression (LR) method. Field observation was conducted at 68 locations in the research area, in which 46 landslides occured. Data of slope angle, lithology, geologic structure and groundwater conditions were collected. The relationship between landslide occurrence and the slope angle, lithology, geologic structure and groundwater conditions was analysed using the LR method. The analysis results showed a 0.984 standard error, implying a good-fit model. The study area was classified into very low, low, moderate, high and very high landslide susceptibility zones with 0–20%, 20–40%, 40–60%, 60–80%, and 80–100%, respectively, probabilities of occurrence. A 60% area of the total study area was classified as a moderate to very high susceptibility to landslide. From 47 landslides, 80% landslides occured in high and very high landslide susceptibility zones, 17% landslides occured in the moderate susceptibility zone and 2% landslides occured in the low susceptible zone. None of landslides occured in the very low landslide susceptibility zone. The analysis results show that LR method is a very useful method for landslide prediction. Keywords: landslide susceptibility, multiple logistic regression, Kokap Kulon Progo-Indonesia
DYNAMIC MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF SPIT IN APRIL–MAY 2014 IN OPAK RIVER MOUTH, BANTUL, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Freski Yan Restu , Setianto Agung , Srijono Srijono
Published: October 2019

As an oceanic coast, the beaches in the southern part of Java Island are predominantly influenced by ocean energy which is driven by periodical monsoon. This periodical process impacts the dynamic changes of spit in the river mouth system. Therefore, spit is a key to study the process in the southern coast of Java Island especially in Opak River Mouth. It needs a deep-root explanation about the morphological changes and the sedimentological mechanism. This research project was built by data such as spit geometry, aerial photographs and spontaneous wind direction. The supporting data included multitemporal IKONOS-Quickbird images from Google Earth and aerial photographs. These data were collected from field-work investigation and laboratorywork. The spit geometry was compiled by Global Positioning System handheld tracking along the edge of spit and crosschecked by aerial photograph using pole. The ultimate interpretation and periodic models were built by data reconstruction based on the geometry of spit and spontaneous wind direction. Spit changed weekly due to monsoon transition in April to May 2014. The morphological changes could be noted as the spit starting to be cut off by the highrate flow of Opak River. The process continued until the net drift moving westward. Keywords: April, coast, May, Opak river mouth, spit.
THE OCCURRENCE OF PALAEOZOIC CONGLOMERATIC ROCKS IN EAST JOHOR, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
Authors: Surjono Sugeng Sapto , Leman Mohd Shafeea , Mohamed Kamal Roslan , Ali Che Aziz
Published: October 2019

Conglomeratic rocks in East Johor are found in the separately three formations that are the Murau, Tanjung Leman and Linggiu Formations. The Murau Formation is characterized by cobble to boulder grained breccia with very angular to angular and disorganized clasts. It was deposited by fan-delta system in the sub-aerial to shallow marine environment. The Tanjung Leman Formation consists of pebble to cobble grained conglomerate with rounded to subrounded and organized clasts. It was deposited by braided river system in the sub-aerial environment. Both formations outcropped in eastern coastal of Johor. The rudaceous rocks of the Linggiu Formation consist of pebble to cobble-sized clasts with sub angular and disorganized texture. It present as subordinate rocks within sandstone dominant in the central part of East Johor and was deposited by debris flows in the shallow marine environment. All these rudaceous rocks were interpreted as Palaeozoic in age ranging from Late Carboniferous to Late Permian. Those rudaceous rocks indicated that since Late Carboniferous, palaeogeography of East Johor was a continent with subaerial to shallow marine depositional environment.

Keywords: Conglomerate, Palaeozoic, East Johor, subaerial, shallow marine.
ESTIMATION OF MAXIMUM EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE OF EARTHQUAKE POTENTIALS FOR YOGYAKARTA DEPRESSION AREA, INDONESIA
Authors: Thant Myo , Pramumijoyo Subagyo , Hendrayana Heru , Kawase Hiroshi , Adi Agus Darmawan
Published: October 2019

Maximum magnitudes of earthquake potentials are estimated for Yogyakarta depression area by using the faultlength and earthquake magnitude relations for fault specific seismic sources. For estimation of maximum earthquake magnitude, the fault specific seismic sources are modeled as 18 normal faults and 6 strike-slip faults sources referring the geological map of McDonald, 1984 and Rihardjo et al., 1995. For the present area the subduction zone earthquakes are expected to happen in the offshore region regarding the study on the seismicity of the region and the focal mechanisms of the past earthquakes. So three area sources are also assumed for this region and the possible maximum earthquake magnitudes for these sources are determined by probabilistic approaches.
CHARACTERIZATION OF JULY 17, 2006 TSUNAMIITE AT SOUTH COAST OF WEST JAVA
Authors: Amijaya∗ Hendra , Ngisomuddin Ngisomuddin , Akmaluddin Akmaluddin
Published: October 2019

July 17, 2006 tsunami which occurred in Indian Ocean had swept most of the south coast of Java, especially at Pangandaran area, West Java. The tsunami wave transported and deposited sediment known as tsunamiite, with various compositions. Three different textural characteristics have been recognized on the tsunami sediment deposit. First type is on the tsunamiite found at West Pangandaran Beach, which is darker than the older beach sediment and separated by erosional surface. The sedimentary structures are parallel lamination and current ripple. The grains have no fining trend in vertical as well as lateral direction. Whereas the second type is found at East Pangandaran Beach, which is brighter than the older beach sediment and also separated by erosional surface. The sedimentary structures are cross lamination on the lower layer, parallel lamination on the middle layer and massif on the upper layer. The grains have no fining trend in vertical and lateral direction Benthic foraminifera is one of organism which is transported and deposited as tsunami deposit on the coast. Ammonia beccarii, Elphidium advenum, Amphistegina lessonii, Cibicides sp., Biginerina irregularis, Bolivina plicata, Bathysiphon sp., Nodosaria andQuinqueloculina were found in the recent tsunami deposit from Pangandaran. Based on the benthic foraminifera contents, it can be inferred that the sediments came from lagoonal until deep sea (abyssal) environment.
PALEOSTRESS ANALYSIS TO INTERPRET THE LANDSLIDE MECHANISM: A CASE STUDY IN PARANGTRITIS, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Husein Salahuddin , Sudarno Ignatius , Pramumijoyo Subagyo , Karnawati Dwikorita
Published: October 2019

Paleostress analysis on the landslide boundary faults is able to explain the sliding mechanism. This method is particularly useful to study a paleolandslide. About 30 striated fault planes from the Parangtritis paleo-landslide, located in the Yogyakarta coastline, were analyzed to define their principle stress axes. The eastern boundary fault, named as the Girijati Fault, was the main fault responsible for the mass movement and leaving a considerable steep cliff. It moved normal in a left lateral sense with ENE – WSW extension and dragged the rockmass southward, creating a NNW – SSW extension along the Parangtritis Fault and turn it into the western boundary fault. The rockmass slided along the stratigraphic contact between the underlying Nglanggran Formation and the overlying Wonosari Formation, created a semi-circular crown cliff as the northern boundary and produced some isolated topographic highs of the thrust block near the toe.

Keywords: Paleostress, landslide boundary, fault, paleolandslide
THE IMPACT OF SANITATION ON GROUNDWATER NITRATE LEVEL IN BANTUL DISTRICT, BANTUL REGENCY, YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Heng Salpisey , Eka Putra Doni Prakasa , Wilopo Wahyu
Published: October 2019

Bantul is one district of Yogyakarta Special Province which residents mostly use on-site sanitation. On-site sanitation is well-known for hot-spot system of nitrate groundwater contamination. It is because the wide-practice of failure of on-site sanitation systems. Besides, the failure of on-site sanitation system, it will depend on the age of settlement, population density, sanitation arrangement and sanitation behavior including water use patterns. Because of this, nitrate has leaked to groundwater and polluted many supply wells surrounding the septic systems.

Since the repeated intake of nitrate could cause various acute and chronic effects to human health, especially the infant’s health under 3 months (blue baby syndrome), it is crucial to undertake the study of impact of sanitation on groundwater nitrate level in Bantul district to acquire a better understanding of the effect of settlement age, population density, sanitation arrangement and sanitation behavior on the concentration of nitrate in groundwater. In order to recognize or achieve the understanding of this issue, a methodology is conducted by observation directly to the field, including the measuring of groundwater table and the distance of septic tank to well, and also make the questionnaires for the mentioned parameters.

Finally, the result of each factors (Sanitation arrangement, Settlement age, House density) are shown a low relationship with nitrate concentration, although water use patterns does not. However, the combination of these three factors can show up to find out a better correlation than one factor with this nitrate concentration. Although it has a good relationship with nitrate concentration (average), the variation of nitrate concentration from high to low shows a low relationship. Therefore, the importance of groundwater vulnerability cannot be overlooked in explaining the variation in contaminant concentrations because the nitrate concentration in the groundwater does not only depend on contaminant loading but also groundwater vulnerability.

Keywords: Groundwater, on-site sanitation, nitrate concentration, contaminant loading
REAL-TIME MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING OF LANDSLIDES AT RELOCATED WUSHAN TOWN, THE THREE GORGE RESERVOIR, CHINA
Authors: Yueping Y. , Wang H. , Gao Y. , Li X.
Published: October 2019

A total of 4200 landslides have been identified in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. It is planned that a total of 3200 landslides (i.e., 75% of the total number of landslides) will be monitored. Since 2003, the authors have carried out a geo-hazard real-time monitoring and early warning project at relocated Wushan town (Wushan new town) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Its purpose is to establish monitoring and early warning demonstration station. The station has three main functions: (1) Internet-based, (2) Comprehensive monitoring, and (3) Early warning. Based on the landslide monitoring experience at the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the early warning critical value at Wushan new town is established and presented in this paper. The critical situation is divided into four levels: I level early warning (indicated as blue), II level early warning (indicated as yellow), III level early warning (indicated as orange), and IV level early warning (indicated as red). Judging from the Yuhuangge landslide monitoring data in this area since 2004, the Wushan new town is at the blue early warning level. However, monitoring data of displacement at deep borehole showed that the displacement increased 5 mm in five months with an average velocity 1.0 mm/month. The velocity is 10 times higher than that at the early deformation stage. For this reason, the early warning level is changed from blue to yellow, which means an accelerated deformation period and emphasizes the need for denser monitoring.

Keywords: Landslide, Three Gorges Reservoir, real-time monitoring, early warning
A GEOTECHNICAL-HYDROLOGICAL APPROACH FOR DEFINING CRITICAL RAINFALL-INDUCED SHALLOW LANDSLIDES AND WARNING SYSTEM AT LARGE SCALE
Authors: Apip Apip , K Takara , Y Yamashiki , A.B Ibrahim , K. Sassa
Published: October 2019

This study proposes a novel method that combines deterministic slope stability model and hydrological approach for predicting critical rainfall-induced shallow landslides. The method first uses the slope stability model to identify “where” slope instability will occur potentially; the catchment is characterized into stability classes according to critical soil saturation index. The critical saturated soil index is calculated from local topographic components and soil attributes. Then, spatial distribution of critical rainfall is determined based on a hydrological approach under near-steady state condition as a function of local critical saturated soil depth, slope geometric, and upstream contributing drainage areas. The critical rainfall mapping is bounded by theoretically “always stable” and “always unstable” areas. To show how the method works, observed landslides (1985-2008) and a satellite-based rainfall estimates associated with a past new shallow landslide in the Upper Citarum River catchment (Indonesia) were used to validate the model. The proposed study is useful for rainfall triggered shallow landslide disaster warning at large catchment scale.

Keywords: Critical rainfall, slope stability, hydrology, shallow landslide, Citarum River catchment
SELECTING RELOCATION OF LAND USE IN HOT MUD DISASTER AREA BY APPLYING GEO-ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION. CASE STUDY: SIDOARJO, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Eka Putra Doni Prakasa , Syauqi Syauqi , Juwarso Juwarso , Hendratno Agus , Wibowo Handoko Teguh
Published: October 2019

Since May 29, 2006, a sea of hot mud has been gushing from the ground in Sidoarjo, East Java, 35 kilometers south of Indonesia’s second largest city, Surabaya. Due to this disaster, approximately thousand of people have been forced from their homes because 600 ha of land and villages were submerged, farmland was ruined, businesses and schools closed as the mud inundated the surrounding area. Relocation of the land uses and supporting infrastructures are become important to support the human survivability and environmental sustainability in this disaster area. In order to select the suitable location for land uses and infrastructures, aspect of environmental geology must be concerned. Geo-Environmental parameters such as geological hazards and geological resources are used to select the suitable relocation area. Evaluation of the suitable land uses is conducted by applying simple overlay rating method. Result of this evaluation shows that the relocation of the land uses can be differentiated into three categories; (i) high risk land use/infrastructure, moderate risk land use/infrastructure and low risk land use/infrastructure. Each of these categories have difference map of relocation suitability, however all maps indicate that the suitable relocation area is in the west-part from the hot mud disaster area.

Keywords: Hot mud blast, relocation of land uses, geo-environmental evaluation
Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Green Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis l.) Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Noviani Vini , Thauresia Shelly , Apriani Elsa Fitria , Simanjuntak Partomuan
Published: October 2019

Hair loss and baldness is one of the abnormalities in the hair that often occurs in both men and women. Many cosmetic products from natural to synthetic materials have been developed to overcome these problems, yet, synthetics product is potential to give side effects, such as local irritation. In this study, green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaves were used as active substances. The aim of this study was to attest the hair growth promoting activity of n-hexane, water, and ethyl acetate fractions from ethanolic extract of green tea leaves. Green tea leaves contain flavonoids which can help promoting hair growth. To obtain the compound, green tea leaves were made into ethanolic extract. The extract was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol then partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water, to obtain the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions. Ethyl acetate and water fractions have been shown to contain flavonoids, so it could continue the hair growth promoting activities with concentrations of 1% and 4%. Hair growth promoting activity was performed on rabbits. The results showed that 4% of water fraction containing flavonoids had the best hair growth promoting activity.
Perilaku Memilih Masyarakat Pasca Runtuhnya Dinasti Kekuasaan di Kutai Kartanegara
Authors: Afriandi Fadli
Published: October 2019

Tulisan ini menampik klaim kajian perilaku memilih masyarakat yang telah menuju pola rasional, baik di level nasional maupun lokal. Tulisan ini mengajukan tesis bahwa runtuhnya dinasti kekuasaan menyebabkan perilaku memilih masyarakat kembali ke pola primordial yang awalnya menunjukkan pola rasional. Dinasti kekuasaan ini berada di tingkat lokal, tepatnya dinasti Syaukani-Rita di Kutai Kartanegara. Fokus penelitian ini melihat pada dominasi Rita Widyasari yang unggul di beberapa survei dalam bursa calon gubernur provinsi Kalimantan Timur namun gagal ikut di kontestasi tersebut karena tersandung masalah hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah perilaku memilih masyarakat menunjukkan pola primordial. Pola primordial masyarakat tersebut berdasarkan pada basis identitas suku dan agama yang terbagi ke dalam tiga wilayah (hulu, hilir/tengah, dan pesisir). Daerah hulu yang mayoritas suku Dayak cenderung memilih Syaharie Jaang, daerah hilir didominasi suku Kutai memilih Isran Noor, dan di wilayah pesisir yang didominasi suku Bugis lebih memilih Andi Sofyan Hasdam. Sedangkan berdasarkan agama, masyarakat memilih karena figur Hadi Mulyadi yang merupakan pasangan Isran Noor karena kelihatan lebih agamais.
Analisis Faktor Determinan Peningkatan Partisipasi Politik Penyandang Disabilitas pada Pilkada Kota Yogyakarta 2017
Authors: Febriantanto Pangky
Published: October 2019

Pada pilkada kota Yogyakarta 2017 terdapat peningkatan partisipasi pemilih penyandang disabilitas. Selain itu, penyandang disabilitas juga terlibat dalam setidaknya tiga kali diskusi politik yang merupakan peningkatkan partisipasi politik penyandang disabilitas. Penyandang disabilitas juga terlibat dalam kegiatan pemantauan pilkada kota Yogyakarta 2017 di bawah bendera LSM. Hal-hal tersebut merupakan peningkatan partisipasi politik pemilih penyandang disabilitas. Peningkatan tersebut dapat diteliti dengan menganalisis faktor determinannya. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif yang menggunakan data utama dari KPU kota Yogyakarta, Panwaslu kota Yogyakarta, penyandang disabilitas, serta kelompok komunitas. Data pendukung juga didapat dari laporan hasil pelaksanaan dan pemantauan pilkada kota Yogyakarta 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada empat dari lima faktor pendukung peningkatan partisipasi politik penyandang disabilitas pilkada kota Yogyakarta 2017 berdasarkan teori Milbrath, seperti faktor pendidikan politik seperti masifnya sosialisasi oleh penyelenggara pilkada, faktor perangsang politik seperti pelibatan penyandang disabilitas dalam diskusi, faktor situasi atau lingkungan politik seperti pengaruh tokoh yang juga seorang penyandang disabilitas, dan faktor karakteristik pribadi seperti kemauan penyandang disabilitas untuk terlibat dalam pilkada kota Yogyakarta 2017. Sedangkan faktor karakteristik sosial seperti status ekononomi, ras, etnis, dan agama penyandang disabilitas tidak menjadi faktor pendukung. Dari hal tersebut juga dapat ditarik argumen bahwa karakteristik sosial tidak banyak berpengaruh pada persepsi dan perilaku penyandang disabilitas dalam berpartisipasi dalam pilkada kota Yogyakarta 2017.
Anesthetic evaluation of a novel phospholipid-free 1% propofol microemulsion formulation in dogs
Authors: Aquino Itzcoatl , Gómez-Blanco Eduardo , Ocampo Luis , Gutiérrez Lilia , Bernad-Bernad María J , Sumano Héctor
Published: October 2019

A novel four-week stable experimental formulation of propofol lacking phospholipids (PMICRO) was assessed as an anesthetic agent in dogs and compared to the customary preparation of propofol that contains phospholipids (PMACRO). Forty healthy mixed-breed dogs were included in this study and randomly assigned (blocking by sex and age), to receive 5 mg/kg of one of these two pharmaceutical propofol preparations, by intravenous injection. Basal and post anesthetic blood biochemical parameters were measured. Also, cardiovascular and respiratory rates were recorded. Onset, duration and recovery from anesthesia, were documented as well. Overall, IV administration of PMICRO induces a short duration anesthesia with rapid recovery in a similar manner to anesthesia achieved with the customary propofol preparation (PMACRO). Because PMICRO lacks phospholipids, it may allow a longer storage time, decreasing the likeliness of accidental administration of contaminated propofol.
La calidad de la comunicación de las Instituciones de Educación Superior del Ecuador
Authors: Santa-María Guillermo , Rey-Martin Carina , Molina-Benavides Lilian , Clery Arturo
Published: October 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el cumplimiento de las atribuciones y funciones de la agencia ecuatoriana que regula la gestión del aseguramiento de la calidad de la educación superior, declaradas en su Plan comunicacional, a través de una investigación exploratoria de las páginas web de todas las universidades reguladas. Para el efecto, se diseñaron estándares a partir del Plan que recogieron la información pertinente a través de un baremo. Los resultados se clasifican con base en seis elementos que el mismo Plan resaltaba, a saber: la gestión de la comunicación, su difusión y posicionamiento, la imagen de las autoridades, la vinculación con otras universidades, la gestión con instituciones internacionales y el empoderamiento de la misión y visión institucional. Cada uno de estos elementos presenta sus propias características y son analizados en el presente trabajo.