bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Permanência e evasão na Educação a distância
Authors: Ayres Eduardo Charles Barbosa , Ayres Vanessa Fonseca , Fonseca Marcela Alves , Gonçalves Ellen Fabiana Oliveira , Fonseca Ana Ivânia Alves
Published: August 2021

A Educação a Distância (EaD) vem se tornando uma realidade cada vez mais comum, porém o acesso remoto tem revelado motivos determinantes para abandono ou manutenção dos estudantes. Esse estudo teve como objetivo identificar e avaliar aspectos influenciadores da evasão e permanência de estudantes do curso técnico em Meio Ambiente do IFNMG - Campus Almenara, modalidade a distância, turma com início em março de 2013 e término em março de 2015. A aplicação de questionário via e-mail e pesquisa documental aconteceram entre fevereiro e março de 2015. Nota-se que as causas centrais que fizeram os estudantes, em algum momento, pensarem em desistir do curso foram a sobrecarga de trabalho escolar, o material didático de baixa qualidade e difícil entendimento, a dificuldade em conciliar trabalho com estudo e o deslocamento para momentos presenciais. Contudo, a realização pessoal, a qualificação profissional, o apoio e incentivo dos professores e tutores foram relevantes para prosseguir no curso. O estudo revelou evasão de 41% dos estudantes. Concluiu-se que as informações a respeito da permanência e evasão podem auxiliar tutores, professores, coordenadores e gestores educacionais para tornarem os cursos EaD mais atrativos e com menores índices de desistência.
Conceitos da Teoria da Relatividade Restrita de Einstein em livros didáticos
Authors: Santana Ian Lima , Santos Ramon Alves dos , Takiya Carlos
Published: August 2021

Neste trabalho buscamos analisar e discutir como alguns conceitos da Teoria da Relatividade Restrita de Albert Einstein são abordados em alguns livros didáticos do ensino médio. Os conceitos mais recorrentes foram: espaço, tempo, contração do comprimento, dilatação do tempo, constância da velocidade da luz, princípio da relatividade e, principalmente, massa e energia. Os livros didáticos consultados foram publicados entre os anos de 2001 e 2012, a saber: Boas, Doca e Biscuola (2001); Ramalho, Nicolau e Toledo (2007) e Calçada e Sampaio (2012). Inicialmente, formulamos nossa base teórica a partir de livros de divulgação científica para base de comparações com os livros didáticos pesquisados. Os resultados apontam que há certas discordâncias entre os livros pesquisados no que diz respeito à relação de equivalência entre massa e energia. Alguns autores consideram a conversão de massa em energia e vice-versa, enquanto outros tratam isso como um equívoco conceitual e a única relação que existe entre essas duas grandezas é meramente numérica. Ademais, cabe dizer que a análise e a discussão das abordagens feitas pelos livros didáticos pesquisados têm o objetivo de contribuir com uma visão mais ampla sobre o conteúdo tratado.
Suplementos alimentares no controle da Covid-19
Authors: Souto Xênia Macedo , Gama Ednilton Moreira , Matos Roberta Pereira
Published: August 2021

Apesar dos avanços na luta contra a COVID-19, até o momento não há medicamento profilático ou terapêutico clinicamente aprovado, e as vacinas disponíveis estão longe de cobrir uma parcela considerável da população mundial. Esse contexto unido ao pior cenário da pandemia, desde o seu início, tem impulsionado a busca por medidas alternativas que possam unir forças no controle da doença. Dessa forma, nessa revisão mostramos o potencial dos suplementos alimentares como adjuvantes na prevenção e tratamento da COVID-19 principalmente em grupos de risco para a doença que apresentam, com frequência, deficiência de micronutrientes importantes no combate às infecções virais. Dentro dessa perspectiva, as vitaminas C e D, o selênio e o zinco têm se destacado pela possibilidade de interferir em etapas chaves da patogênese da COVID-19, principalmente aumentando a resposta imunológica e reduzindo o estresse oxidativo e inflamação aguda típicos da doença. Esses suplementos podem trazer poucos ou nenhum efeito colateral aos pacientes, são fáceis de usar, relativamente baratos e globalmente distribuídos. Dessa forma, o seu emprego na luta contra a COVID-19 emerge como uma alternativa bastante promissora. Ensaios clínicos já estão em andamento para avaliar a sua eficácia contra a doença.
A Contribuição de Uma Disciplina Acadêmica no Processo de Autonomização de Professores de Inglês em Formação
Authors: Dos Santos Isabelly Raiane Silva
Published: August 2021

RESUMO

No contexto da globalização, a língua inglesa vem ganhando gradativamente mais notoriedade no cenário mundial, fato que a leva a ser alvo de questionamentos que servem de base para o início de uma pesquisa. Desse modo, este estudo busca demonstrar a importância e os benefícios da aprendizagem autônoma desta língua estrangeira com base em definições e conceitos relacionados à autonomia e à motivação propostos por autores como Dickinson (1994), Ushioda (1996) e Benson (2001). Partindo desses referenciais teóricos, uma turma de calouros foi analisada durante o período no qual a disciplina Aprender a Aprender Língua Estrangeira foi ministrada como componente curricular obrigatório do curso de graduação em Licenciatura em Letras com habilitação em Inglês ofertado pela Faculdade de Letras Estrangeiras Modernas (FALEM), na Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), durante o segundo semestre de 2014. Tendo a docente como um dos principais agentes motivadores, ao final da disciplina, foram observados altos níveis de motivação em grande parte dos alunos. Ao final da investigação, tornou-se evidente que a aprendizagem pode ser mais efetiva quando o aprendente passa a compreender o funcionamento do processo cognitivo e a conhecer seu próprio estilo de aprendizagem.

 

ABSTRACT

In the context of globalization, the English language has been gradually gaining more notoriety on the world stage, a fact that makes it the target of questions that serve as a basis for the beginning of a research. Thus, this study aims to demonstrate the importance and the benefits of an autonomous learning of this foreign language based on definitions and concepts related to autonomy and motivation proposed by authors such as Dickinson (1994), Ushioda (1996) e Benson (2001). Based on these theoretical references, a class of freshmen was analyzed during the period in which the subject Learn to Learn a Foreign Language was taught as a mandatory curriculum component of the undergraduate course in Majoring in English Language offered by the Faculty of Modern Foreign Languages ​​(FALEM), at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), during the second semester of 2014. With the teacher as one of the main motivating agents, at the end of the course, high levels of motivation were observed in most students. At the end of the investigation, it became evident that learning can be more effective when the learner starts to understand the functioning of the cognitive process and to know his/her own learning style.
REVIEWING HOME EDUCATION LITERATURE: DOES IT MATTER WHERE WE LEARN?
Authors: Oldham Chelle
Published: August 2021

The last 20 years has seen a global increase in studies investigating various aspects of Home Education (HE) and the physical location of learning in relation to schooling; the physical location of learning outside of schooling remains under researched. This paper provides a review of some, but not all, of the existing literature, leading us to see where there are potentially gaps in the research as well as gaps in the opportunities for creative methodologies. The review starts with Home Education within the context of Scottish/UK education history and policy. It should be noted that at present there are very few differences between Scottish Home Education Policy and that from Westminster. Then we move to the exploration into Education Capital and how Bourdieu’s theories and ideas may or may not apply in the Home Education context. Firstly, this review finds that there is a very limited body of research that is specifically concerned with the voice of the home-educated children, who experience and live learning, in alternative provision; secondly this review notes the limited number of studies concerned with just what education means, to home educating families, or the value they place upon education in spaces outside of schools. It cannot be assumed that because a family have chosen to home educate, that the decision was entirely ideological. Very briefly, due to the recent lockdown of March 2020 onwards, a small amount of research is included following Covid-19 and the nationwide Home Education of most of the children in the UK. Strikingly, and despite how new this research is, the value of education within the home is still missing from core topics as is for the most part, the coproduction of data with the children’s voices at the heart of Home Education research.

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BREAKING THE INEQUITABLE EDUCATION CYCLE FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS THROUGH POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS
Authors: Yeh Ellen , Wan Guofang , Scott Michael R.
Published: August 2021

This study employed qualitative evidence synthesis (Saldaña, 2012) to critically examine and systematically analyze 63 studies published between 2000-2018 reporting positive educational impacts on English language learners (ELLs). Drawing on Scarcella’s (2003) academic English literacy framework and culturally responsive teaching (Gay, 2001), this study demonstrates three mechanisms to improve ELL outcomes. First, teachers should use both culturally responsive practices and knowledge of language acquisition. Second, fostering family and peer supports creates positive learning environments. Finally, long-term solutions require policies addressing the socio-politico-economic disparities affecting ELLs. These results show, in a synthesized fashion, an approach to equitable quality education for ELLs.

 

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VIETNAMESE LEARNERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS AMERICAN AND BRITISH ACCENTS
Authors: Phan Huong Le Thu
Published: August 2021

English possesses different varieties due to its worldwide usage which challenges the tendency of favorite accents among EFL classrooms in non-English speaking countries. However, learners show more positive familiarity and preference for General American English (GA) and British English, Received Pronunciation (RP) which are grouped as the inner-circle of English. This study investigated 53 students in a university in southern part of Vietnam. They were asked to complete an online questionnaire which examined their evaluations of two accents on different traits of status and solidarity, their preference and familiarity. A verbal guise technique is employed with two female native speakers. The data was analyzed by SPSS with different T-tests and ANOVA. The study revealed that the respondents showed greater recognition and evaluations for GA which associated with prestige, familiarity and social attractiveness. Nearly two-thirds of participants revealed a preference to the American speaker although more than half of them did not recognize where she was from.
DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING ESSAYS OF ENGLISH MAJORED SOPHOMORES AT TAY DO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM
Authors: Nguyen Hiep Thanh Nga , Pham Thu Uyen , Phan Thi Minh Uyen
Published: August 2021

Writing skill is an important part of communication, which helps people express ideas, experiences, and feeling exactly. Good writing skill allows them to communicate their message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than through face-to-face or telephone conversations. However, students often face some difficulties when writing. This survey research presents the process of the study of “Difficulties in writing essays of English majored sophomores at Tay Do University”. It was conducted to find out some difficulties in learning writing of 53 sophomores from 12A and 12B classes at Tay Do University. The questionnaire, interview questions, and essay samples were instruments of this research. The results showed that sophomores had many difficulties in writing essays such as vocabulary, grammar structures, idea arrangement, background knowledge, and others. Basing on the research results, students could recognize their difficulties and find ways to overcome them.

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AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY ON THE TYPES AND CAUSES OF ESL WRITING ANXIETY: A CASE STUDY OF LEARNERS FROM A CHINESE INDEPENDENT MIDDLE SCHOOL
Authors: Wern Toh Chieh , Rahmat Noor Hanim
Published: August 2021

Feelings of fear, anxiety, and worry make the learning of ESL / EFL difficult as learners’ focus is being interrupted. Writing; whether in first or second language, is considered a difficult process. The arousal of negative psychological experience in a second/foreign language writing is known as foreign language writing anxiety. As such, the underlying causes of ESL / EFL anxiety need to be understood to ensure a smooth language writing process for ESL / EFL learners. This study aims to investigate the level, types, and causes of writing anxiety among the students in a Chinese Independent Middle School. A convenience sample total of 30 Chinese Independent Middle School students were purposely chosen to participate in this study. This research adopted two survey questionnaires; Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI) by Cheng (2004) and Causes of Writing Anxiety Inventory (CWAI) by Rezaeia & Jafari (2014). The findings revealed that these students experience a high level of cognitive anxiety, moderate level of somatic anxiety, and low level of avoidance behaviour. It is discovered that the level of writing anxiety being experienced by the students is at the level of moderate to high anxiety. Meanwhile, in terms of the causal factor for writing anxiety, the results reported high means scores for each causal of writing anxiety theme are 'afraid of writing tests' for negative writing experience theme, 'feel worried to write under time constraints' for negative writing attitude theme and 'often encounter some linguistic problems' for limit writing knowledge and skill theme. The researcher proposed some strategies that could be used in reducing ESL writing anxiety which are: process writing approach, affective strategies, positive error correction, and vocabulary knowledge enhancement.

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THE PERCEPTIONS OF LIBYAN EFL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TOWARDS THE USE OF GROUP WORK IN THEIR SPEAKING CLASSES
Authors: Waragh Imad , Suwaed Hamdi
Published: August 2021

Group work is believed to be one of the possible solutions to the problem of dealing with large number of students within one speaking class. However, how students perceive group work in their EFL speaking classes is an area that needs to be researched. This study looks at how students perceive group work in their speaking classes and their preference of being given a specific role in a given speaking task that involves working in a group. A questionnaire has been distributed to 42 students to highlight their perceptions towards group work. Results from this study revealed that EFL students seem to like the idea of working in groups in their speaking classes as they reported a number of benefits that they gain when they work in groups, for example, they feel more independent, they have a chance to share ideas, and they speak English in most of the time in the class. However, a number of drawbacks have been also reported by the students, for example, the domination of one student in the group, some students find it difficult to work in a group of mixed gender, and low level students sometimes feel frustrated to work in group.

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PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF WHATSAPP VOICE MESSAGING: INVESTIGATING EFL STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCES
Authors: Oksuz-Zerey Merve
Published: August 2021

Rapid emergence of wireless technologies and ownership of mobile devices have changed many aspects of peoples’ lives. These mobile technologies have been integrated into language learning and teaching as well. Successful and effective use of these technologies in language learning, however, depends on the incorporation of pedagogical principles guided by theories of second language acquisition (SLA). Accordingly, informed by the interaction hypothesis (Gass & Mackey, 2015), this study employed a messaging application, WhatsApp, to help language learners improve their communication skills. Nine A1 level EFL students used WhatsApp voice messaging with their peers outside the classes to accomplish the tasks assigned to them for four weeks in the spring semester of 2018. Later, their experiences were investigated by means of written surveys. Content analysis of the data demonstrated that all the students who took part in the study benefitted from the WhatsApp voice messaging practice and perceived numerous benefits. These included speaking and pronunciation development, an opportunity for language practice, review of previous learning, overcoming shyness, and awareness and correction of errors. The findings were discussed in the light of the existing literature and certain implications arose for both language learners and teachers.

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COMMON ERRORS IN PRONOUNCING FINAL CONSONANTS OF ENGLISH-MAJORED SOPHOMORES AT TAY DO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM
Authors: Ly Bui Thi Truc , Mai Thanh Hiep , Diep Hong Ngoc
Published: August 2021

It is not deniable that pronunciation is considered one of the most crucial parts of learning English helping learners enhance their communication in both speaking and listening comprehension. To reach a level of a clear and precise pronunciation has never been an effortless task; however, it is a far more problematic one for English majored students regardless of their learning years. For this reason, the study entitled “Common Errors in Pronouncing Final Consonants of English-Majored Sophomores at Tay Do University” was implemented with the aim at investigating the errors that English-majored students encountered in pronouncing final consonants. 80 English-majored sophomores from course 13 at Tay Do University were selected to participate in the study. Questionnaires and recording tests were delivered to the participants for collecting data and getting more information. The collected data from the two instruments mentioned above were all analyzed afterward. The findings of the research revealed that sophomores of English major often mispronounced the final consonants, particularly /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /f/ and /v/ in two main mistakes, including omission and substitution. The results of this study may also be useful for those who are interested in this field.

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EFFECTS OF EXTENSIVE READING ON EFL LEARNERS’ WRITING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Duong Vo Thi Thuy , Trang Nguyen Huynh
Published: August 2021

Extensive Reading (ER) is considered as a good learning technique to enhance every skill in language learning. It is considered to assist the improvement of other skills of language learners especially English as a Foreign Language (EFL) leaners. This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of ER on EFL learners’ writing performance and to identify the EFL learners’ attitude towards the effects of ER on writing performance. The study recruited a group of 59 non-English majors at a public university in Vietnam. The participants were divided into two groups, i.e., experimental group and control group. The participants in the experimental group were assigned extensive reading materials as their homework to support their learning of writing meanwhile the participants in the control group were guided to write without the support of extensive reading materials. To check the differences of the participants’ writing ability before and after the intervention, pre-test and post-test were employed. A questionnaire was also delivered to the experimental group after the treatment. The results from the tests revealed that ER supported EFL learners in their writing performance. The experimental group had more significant enhancement. The results obtained from the questionnaire also indicated that the EFL learners had positive attitudes towards the use of extensive reading materials provided in their writing learning process. 

 

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UNRAVELING THE POWER OF TEACHERS’ COMPETENCY AND TEACHING STYLES IN CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION: A PERSPECTIVE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AS A MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION
Authors: Olieba Anne Nipher , Kikechi Ronald
Published: August 2021

The language policy in Rwanda states that English is the medium of Instruction (MOI) to be used in the Education system following the 2008 Language shift. However, this change in the MOI brought about extreme challenges to both Rwandan teachers and learners. Moreover, the extensive day to day usage of Kinyarwanda, the local dialect, has greatly inhibited the use of English. This has adversely obstructed the use of the English language as a MOI and the curriculum implementation for over 20 years hence adversely affecting the teaching and learning process. The proficiency of the teachers who are meant to teach in the MOI is quite questionable; many realize the need to learn English while teaching or risk unemployment. As such, this study purposed to examine the teacher competency and teaching styles in use of English as a MOI in facilitating  curriculum implementation in rural primary schools in Rwanda. Guided by the inter language theory and the Discrepancy theory, the study applied a descriptive survey research design. With a target population of 3,269, the study entailed a sample of 1470 randomly selected learners from Primary 4 to Primary 6, teachers and head teachers from 21 schools. The study used questionnaires, interviews, and observation to collect primary data. The study found that the teachers’ competency in using English language as MOI had significant influence on curriculum implementation in rural primary schools in Muhanga district and in the entire republic of Rwanda. The teaching styles factors positively and significantly influence the use of MOI in curriculum implementation when other factors are held constant.

 

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THE ROLE OF TEACHERS' VIEWS ON SCHOOL PERFORMANCE IN THEIR TEACHING APPROACH AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH STUDENTS: THE CASE OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS AND PERIPHERY SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE PREFECTURE OF ILIA, GREECE
Authors: Davou Eygenia , Raikou Natassa
Published: August 2021

The present study investigates to what extent teachers serving in mountainous areas and periphery schools consider that their perceptions on factors affecting school performance influence the way they choose their teaching practices and shape their attitudes towards students. In the survey, 133 secondary school teachers of the Prefecture of Ilia answered a questionnaire with closed-ended questions. According to teachers’ beliefs, school performance is influenced by socio-economic, educational and geographical factors. It is not associated with intelligence/brilliance and it can be improved with the help of the teaching staff. Teachers' expectations have an effect on their school performance, while the Curricula do not take into account the learning abilities of the students and the school evaluation does not assess the school performance in a meritocratic way. Nevertheless, positive expectations for the performance of weak students are maintained by choosing teaching practices that they believe will enhance their performance.

 

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EFFECT OF CLASS ATTENDANCE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
Authors: Ancheta Ruel F. , Daniel Deny , Ahmad Reshma
Published: August 2021

Student attendance is one of the issues that most teachers in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) is facing today. Many colleges and universities have compulsory attendance policies while others have refrain from making it as such. Despite the different policies, higher education teachers believe that attendance has positive effect in academic performance. Non-attendance in class lecture is seen as one of the reasons for academic failure. This study aimed to find out the relationship between class attendance and academic performance of the L3 Omani undergraduate students in their English courses during the first semester of 2020-2021. The two English Language courses comprise 20 credit each to gauge students’ English proficiency, at least IELTS 6.0, as a general entry requirement to Level 4 of the undergraduate programme. The two courses are taught separately through lectures, seminar type and practical sessions based on the module descriptors prescribed by the affiliate university. Each module is delivered in two hours and fifteen minutes per week. Thus, it is expected that each student has to attend the teaching sessions for 11 weeks with a total of 24 hours complete attendance in one semester. Result revealed that almost 71% of the L3 Omani undergraduate students had accumulated poor attendance which is below the 70% required attendance as per the attendance policy of the college. The average absence of students in the two English modules is identical with a minimum of five absences in a semester. Further, the result revealed that there is a significant relationship in the class attendance on the student performance in the two English modules at 0.01 level of significance. Therefore, the null hypothesis “There is no significant relationship between students’ class attendance and academic performance”, is rejected. The mark and absence of the students have negative inverse correlation. It means that as the absence of the student increases, the mark also decreases of at least 1 mark. It is concluded that students’ class attendance is very critical in terms of learning as it affects students’ achievement. To address the issue, a holistic approach to engage students both within and outside the classroom is recommended.

 

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THE USE OF AUTHENTIC VIDEOS IN TEACHING RUSSIAN CONVERSATION OUTSIDE THE LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Romanova Tatiana , Rubtsova Evgeniya , Simms Elena
Published: August 2021

The use of authentic films offers great opportunities for developing the range of skills and abilities required in all aspects of speech activity. This type of activity is particularly important for students who study Russian outside the language environment. This article examines the criteria for selecting video films as linguo-didactic material, which can be used in teaching foreign higher education students with advanced language skills based on modern methodological principles, i.e. communicative approaches and linguo-cultural information about the studied country, as well as increasing personal motivation among students for learning. Analyzing the results of a trial survey conducted among foreign students, as well as identifying the linguistic and extra-linguistic features of selected films, the authors suggest ways to use video with the help of new technologies.

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EMPOWERMENT OF FISHERMEN COMMUNITY JOINT BUSINESS GROUP (KUB) - A 2018 CASE STUDY ON FISHING BOAT RELIEF IN KUSAN HILIR DISTRICT, SOUTH BORNEO, INDONESIA
Authors: Putra Adi Haidir , Sompa Andi Tenri , Syafari Muhammamad Riduansyah
Published: August 2021

Tanah Bumbu Regency is a district in South Kalimantan Province where most of the population live in coastal areas. In general, coastal communities depend on the utilization and management of fishery resources, such as fishermen, fish cultivators, fish processors and fish traders. This shows that residents in Tanah Bumbu Regency, especially those located right on the coast such as Kusan Hilir sub-district, must rely on the economy and development in the marine sector, especially those who work as fishermen. The purpose of this research is to find out how the empowerment of the community and fishermen groups in the fishing boat relief program, as well as knowing the supporting factors and obstacles to the implementation of the fishing boat relief program so that in its development KUB (Joint Business Group) can increase the income of its group members in Kusan Hilir District, Tanah Bumbu Regency. This research method is carried out with a descriptive evaluative approach which is intended to evaluate the empowerment of fishing boat relief using KUB. The results showed that the large fishery potential of Tanah Bumbu Regency made the fisheries sub-sector a strategic value in the regional and inter-regency economic map. All sub-districts in Tanah Bumbu Regency have a minimum of one fishery potential (marine waters, public waters and cultivation). Marine cultivation has the most dominant influence, this shows that if marine cultivation production is increased it will increase people's income, especially with the intermediary of the Joint Business Group (KUB). Empowerment of coastal fishing families with KUB programs, such as boat relief, rice relief, direct cash relief, with the aim that fishermen develop their businesses and become better individuals. From these roles the assistant is able to provide guidance and direction to the members of the KUB Mekar Buana and Buih Pesisir, Kusan Hilir village, which results in increased empowerment of coastal communities in Kusan Hilir District, Tanah Bumbu Regency.

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WORKPLACE STRESS AND PERCEIVED STRATEGIES THAT SCHOOL PRINCIPALS USE IN HANDLING TEACHERS' WORK-RELATED STRESSORS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Mbonu Victoria Chimezie , Nkemdilim Anayo Isaac
Published: August 2021

School teachers can experience stress at work and outside of work for a variety of reasons. This study investigated workplace stress and perceived strategies that school leaders use in handling work-related stressors in secondary schools in Anambra state. A descriptive survey research design was used for the study. A total of 1,180 teachers were chosen from a population of 6,887 secondary school teachers. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire separated into three sub-sections: A, B, and C. The data was gathered by delivering the test instruments directly to the respondents, and the data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Means and standard deviations were used to answer research questions 1 and 2, while percentages were used to answer research question 3. The results indicated among others, that majority of study respondents choose “improved career development” as their top perceived approach that school principals use in handling teachers' work-related stressors. Based on the study, the researcher suggests that school principals strive to incorporate long-term preventive stress control strategies that improve teachers' mental wellness and well-being, such as exploring professional and family support and counselling.

JEL: J24; I20; I25

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INFLUENCE OF FAMILY SUPPORT SERVICES ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY: CASE OF SAFARICOM LIMITED, KENYA
Authors: Chepkoech Daisy , Bula Hannah
Published: August 2021

Social demands in our world today and pressures from employees have posed a challenging dilemma among employers. The employers have had to adopt strategies that will meet the needs of the employers in order to make sure that they retain the best talents while at the same time provide a work life balance thus ensuring a win-win situation for all parties. Lack of providing work life balances have led to metal ill health related disease, absenteeism to deal with family issues and finally loss of best talent to the competitors especially when they have favorable work life balance practices. The study therefore sought to establish the influence of family support practices on employee productivity Safaricom limited in Kenya. The study adopted spillover theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey with target population of 4972 employees of Safaricom limited Kenya. A sample size of 370 employees of the target population was considered using stratified sampling method. Quantitative data that resulted from this process was analyzed with help of SPSS version 21 and descriptive statistics such as frequencies, mean, percentages and standard deviation. From the findings, family support services significantly influence employee productivity at r=.598 p<0.005. Additionally, the findings concur with the theoretical foundation of the study that adoption of family support services spills over to the attitude and the motivation of the employees which results to increased productivity.

JEL: J10; J24
GOVERNABILIDADE NA FAMÍLIA EMPRESÁRIA / GOVERNABILITY IN THE FAMILY BUSINESSES
Authors: Rodrigues Jorge
Published: August 2021

O artigo pretende estabelecer o estado da arte da governabilidade na família empresária. Ao rever a literatura pertinente sobre o campo família empresária contribui-se para a construção de conhecimento organizado e estruturado, para compreender melhor os conceitos subjacentes. Prosseguiu-se uma estratégia de investigação exploratória a qual se socorreu da “teoria da prática” de Bourdieu, para que surja uma visão inovadora do que se passa no campo em análise. Este é um tema complexo e multifacetado que pretende equilibrar os poderes soberano, executivo e de fiscalização, entre a família empresária e o negócio de família. Aquele equilíbrio depende dos estádios de desenvolvimento da família e envolve as estruturas, os processos e políticas que lhe dão forma. Como principais contributos aponta-se para um conjunto de questões centradas nos relacionamentos dos vários membros da família empresária e o modo como esta está comprometida e envolvida no sucesso do negócio a longo prazo. Estas questões destinam-se a ser incluídas num modelo integrador de governabilidade, suficientemente genérico e abrangente para que possa ser aplicado a qualquer tipo de família empresária.

This article aims to establish the state of the art of governability in the family business through a literature review. Carrying out an exploratory research strategy of the field of family firms and family business, based on Bourdieu's "theory of practice", it enabled us to better understand the conceptualizations of family business, its underlying concepts and or assumptions, and hence contribute to the construction of organized and structured knowledge in this field. This is a complex and multifaceted theme that aims to balance the sovereign, executive and supervisory powers between the family business and with your own business. Some of our main contributions are: that balance depends on the stages of family development and it involves the structures, processes and policies that shape it, the effect of the relationships of the several members of the family business, and its commitment and involvement in the success of the business in the long-term success. These issues are intended to be included in an integrative model of governability, sufficiently generic and comprehensive so that it can be applied to any type of business family.

JEL: D21, D23, G30, L14, L20

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INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, WORK DESIGN AND COMPETENCY TOWARD NURSES PERFORMANCE SATISFACTION
Authors: Nugroho Dedy , Azam S. M. Ferdous
Published: August 2021

A critical institution in a society is the hospital as a centre for medical services. There are physicians and nurses in the hospital. Nurses are also expected to enhance nursing performance as the largest health care team. The organisational structure here can only strengthen the perception of some dimensions of job satisfaction, such as the attainment of value. Ali and Zia-ur-Rehman (2014) found a strong link between work design and the performance of employees and job satisfaction that had a positive effect on the performance of employees. The topic of this study is formulated in the title on the basis of the review of the following problems: The influence of organisational structure, work design and competence on the performance satisfaction of nurses at Jakarta Seaport Hospital and Omni Hospital Pulomas. The method of this study is quantitative descriptive research, namely research on data gathered and expressed in the form of numbers. In this report, the target population was as many as 200 nurses at the Jakarta Seaport Hospital and as many as 200 nurses at the Omni Pulomas Jakarta Hospital. Result: Organizational structure (X1) on the satisfaction of the performance of nurses at Omni Hospital Pulomas has a higher impact value than Jakarta Seaport Hospital, while Jakarta Seaport Hospital has a higher impact value for Work Design (X2) on Nurse's Performance Satisfaction (Y) than the Omni Hospital Pulomas in Jakarta, and for the Jakarta Seaport Hospital Competency Variable (X3) (Y). In comparison, Omni Hospital has the effect of competence on the performance satisfaction of nurses (Y). Nurses need to further strengthen their performance and competence and pay more attention to patients' concerns.

JEL: L20; M10; I10

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RAPID INTERNATIONALISATION: THE CRITICAL ROLE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS ON CAPABILITIES AND BUSINESS STRATEGY
Authors: Vasu Sharmila Devi
Published: August 2021

Grounded from resource-based view, network approach perspective, strategic behaviour theory, innovation theory and capabilities theory, this study proposed a model for rapid internationalisation of SMEs in Malaysia. In-depth interviews were conducted with selected firms in Malaysia to explore and identify the factors contributing to the firms' capabilities, business strategy and rapid internationalisation. This model provides further insight into the factors that leads them to rapid internationalisation. This paper found that technology, firm orientation, networking and founder's background and entrepreneurial characteristics as internal factors together with industry trends and environment are critical determinants of capabilities that lead to business strategy and rapid internationalisation. Apart from that, it was found that innovation plays a crucial role in IT based born global firms; it may not apply to all the firms. One of the firms interviewed has chosen creativity as their key role factor instead of innovation. Lastly, firms that do not require large capital are better off by avoiding external fund to reduce unnecessary financial risk.

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A STUDY ON THE BENEFITS OF SPORTS TOURISM ON CITY MARKETING
Authors: Hsieh Yun-Che , Lin Kuo-Wei , Wu Xiao-Qing
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the benefits of sports tourism on city marketing. In recent years, Taiwan has been actively striving for the marketing of large-scale sports events in the development of international sports. The host city uses the resources invested before the holding of the sports event to develop sports tourism attractions, develop sports tourism policies, and make good use of marketing and promotion strategies to shape the city’s image; and uses media marketing as a tourism promotion tool to expand Taiwan’s sports tourism facets which would bring huge tourism effects. This study organizes the research of past scholars by way of literature discussion, and then collects, organizes and analyzes the data. It is concluded that Taiwan has opened up its international reputation through international large-scale sports events and city marketing. From the experience of hosting international large-scale events, Taiwan not only attracts countless domestic and foreign tourists, but also promotes its city’s culture, tourism, and economy. The vigorous development of related industries, the enhancement of sports tourism quality and the improvement of sports tourism image in Taiwan are also achieved. Finally, international large-scale events revitalize the city to bring business opportunities and make such events the pride of the city. Therefore, this study serves as a reference for future exploration of sports tourism development and city marketing issues, integrating relevant resources, and providing reference for relevant organizations to jointly build Taiwan as a sports tourism island.

JEL: L10; L80; L83

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INTRODUÇÃO AO CONCEITO FAMÍLIA EMPRESÁRIA / INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY BUSINESS CONCEPT
Authors: Rodrigues Jorge
Published: August 2021

Quem constitui a família empresária? A resposta a esta questão está por encontrar. Da aceitação da definição de família empresária irá depender a evolução do negócio familiar, a liderança e sucessão da família ou a divisão da herança. Através da revisão de literatura, com recurso aos conceitos de campo, habitus e capital simbólico, apresenta-se uma proposta exploratória de tipologia de família empresária. Esta aponta para um sistema aberto, intergeracional, com um perímetro de geometria variável, com fluxos de entrada e de saída no sistema, seja por causas naturais ou por razões de ordem social. Assim, são geradas combinatórias sempre originais, podendo torná-la potencialmente disfuncional e geradora de conflitos intermembros e/ou intraclãs. Logo, percebe-se a existência de um espaço social específico, relativamente autónomo, com regras de funcionamento, objetivos e interesses específicos.

Answering the question "Who constitutes the family business?" is not found yet. According to the acceptance of a definition of family business it will depend the evolution of family business, leadership, succession in the family or the division of inheritance. Through literature review, using concepts as field of investigation, habitus and symbolic capital, an exploratory proposal of typology of business family is presented. This proposal points to an open, intergenerational system with a variable geometry perimeter. This perimeter includes an input and output flows system, either for natural reasons or for social reasons. Thus, we have the generation of original combinations, which can be potentially dysfunctional and generating inter or intra clan conflicts. Hence, we understand the existence of a specific social space, relatively autonomous, with specific rules of operation, objectives and interests.

JEL: D02; D21; D23; Z13

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EFFECT OF MORAL CONDUCT ON TAX MANAGEMENT: COHERENT PERCEPTIVE
Authors: Inyang Inyang Ochi , Eyo Rose Emmanuel , Ogenyi John Oboh
Published: August 2021

The exploration was undertaken on the effect of moral conduct on tax management: Coherent perceptive. The objectives were to: determine the effect of tax equity on tax management in Nigeria; investigate how tax payers’ integrity influence tax management in Nigeria; ascertain the nexus of fairness and tax management in Nigeria; and examine the impact of honesty on tax management in Nigeria. The design adopted in this study was an ex post facto design. This is because the events had already taken place before the investigation is carried out. The ex-post facto design uses descriptive survey to scientifically collect data from a population and explores the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The data for the study were analyzed with multiple linear regression technique to determine the nexus between the moral conduct of tax payers and tax management. The result revealed that tax equity, taxpayers’ integrity, tax fairness and tax honesty affect tax management in Nigeria. Therefore, the study ended by making the following suggestions; that great care should be taken in developing a code of best practice for tax managers to ensure that all the moral factors are effectively addressed within this code for efficient and effective tax structure. The public authorities and tax managers should encourage taxpayers’ knowledge and integrity through the provision of quality infrastructural facilities and other incentives to enhance its revenue generation. The motivation of tax payers through the provision of public goods and services will help to encourage them to remit their tax liabilities and hence improve on their moral conducts for efficient tax management. Individual tax laws need to adhere to moral internal and external standards, such as equal treatment and principles imminent to a given tax, derived from its legal character. The moral quality or fairness of tax law is important because it determines the reach of the obligation of the constituents to pay taxes and the level of voluntary compliance. The tax system should be fair and objective. High level of literacy and managerial capability should be enhanced through adequate sensitization and awareness on the part of the taxpayers, while the managerial competence of the tax collectors should be appropriately enhanced towards the development of efficient tax system.

JEL: L20; L23

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF E-LEARNING AMONG PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN SARAWAK, MALAYSIA
Authors: Sija Andrew
Published: August 2021

E-learning is playing very important role in the present educational scenario. It has potential to change the whole education system and due to this reason, it has become one of the most preferred subjects for the researchers and scholars working on the various aspects of e-learning. This study is looking into various research works on e-learning for IPTS (Private Institutions of Higher Learning) in Sarawak. The principle objectives of this research includes to examine the suitable research model describing on the methods that shows the motivation in e-learning, (ii) to identify the suitable type of learning in higher education and (iii) to investigate the problems and challenges of implementing e-learning in Private Institute of Higher Learning Sarawak. This study therefore examined the prime factors of two selected IPTS in Sarawak (Saujana Academy of Travel and Tour (SATT) and IBS College (formerly known as Institute BREM Sarawak) in implementing an E-learning and the relations between each influencing factors of acceptance in E-Learning in the University/Colleges by adopting the two basic types of learning which were Computer Based Learning and Internet Based Learning as proposed by Algahtani, 2011. The resulting analysis and interpretation provided a description of the performance of E-Learning influenced by the variables which were the engagement of E-Learning, facilities and computer literacy. The qualitative method in this study derived from a constructive perspective involving in-depth face to face interview with the respondents. The outcome of this study depicted that the influence of internet connectivity and computer-based knowledge equipped the E-Learning implementation and discovered of the advantages and disadvantages of E-Learning in education industry. Based on the findings, three primary variables identified with supporting factors emerged as the critical components categories in this study and these categories represent a conceptual framework for solving E-Learning issues.

 

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INVESTIGATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS LEVEL AND LISTENING-MONITORING STRATEGIES
Authors: Ocak Gürbüz , Olur Burak , Kızılgöl Tuğçe Zehra
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between secondary school students' metacognitive awareness levels and frequency of listening / monitoring strategies. In the study, correlational survey model has been employed. The sample of the study consists of 406 secondary school students from 4 schools determined by criterion sampling method in the 2018-2019 academic year. The Metacognitive Awareness Inventory for Children (Jr. MAI) - A and B Forms and The Usage Frequency Scale of Listening/Monitoring Strategies in Secondary School Students have been used as data collection tools. Percentage, frequency, arithmetic mean, correlation analysis, t test, two-way ANOVA analysis have been used. As a result of the research, it has been found out that the frequency of using secondary school students' listening / monitoring strategies is high, and there is a positive correlation between metacognitive awareness level and listening / monitoring strategies. Furthermore, it has been concluded that there is a significant correlation between the metacognitive awareness levels of the secondary school students and the frequency of using listening / monitoring strategies in terms of grade level, there is a positive correlation in favor of female students in terms of gender variable. According to the results of two-way ANOVA, it has been concluded that there is no significant difference depending on the common effect in problem situations involving gender and class variables.

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