bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the internal architecture of the Alnö alkaline and carbonatite complex (central Sweden) using 3D models of gravity and magnetic data
Authors: Andersson Magnus , Malehmir Alireza
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The Alnö complex in central Sweden is one of the largest alkaline and carbonatite ring-shaped intrusions in the world. Presented here is the 3D inversion of ground gravity and aeromagnetic data that confirms some of the previous ideas about the 3D geometry of the complex but also suggests that the complex may continue laterally further to north than earlier expected. The gravity and aeromagnetic data show the complex as (i) a strong positiver Bouguer anomaly, around 20 mGal, one of the strongest gravity gradients observed in Sweden, and (ii) a strong positive magnetic anomaly, exceeding 2000 nT. Magnetic structures are clearly discernible within the complex and surrounding area. Petrophysical measurements (density, bulk magnetic susceptibility, and magnetic remanence) were used to constrain the 3D inversion. Both gravity and magnetic inversion models suggest that dense (> 2850 kg/m3) and magnetic (> 0.05 SI) rocks extend down to about 3.5–4 km depth. Previous studies have suggested a solidified magma reservoir at this approximate depth. The inversion models further suggest that two apparently separate regions within the intrusion with gravity and magnetic highs are likely connected at depth, starting from 800–1000 m, implying a common source for the rocks observed in these two regions. The modelling of the aeromagnetic data indicates that a more than 3 km wide ring-shaped magnetic high in the bay that can be a hidden part of the complex, linking a satellite intrusion in Söråker on the northern side of the bay to the main intrusion on the Alnö Island. While the rim of the ring must consist of highly susceptible rocks to support the magnetic anomaly, the centre has a relatively low magnetisation and is probably made up of low-susceptible wall-rocks or metasomatised wall-rocks down to about 2 km. Below this depth the 3D susceptibility model shows higher magnetic susceptibility values. From these observations the solidified magma chamber is interpreted to extend further to north than has previously been suggested.
In situ nuclear magnetic resonance response of permafrost and
active layer soil in boreal and tundra ecosystems
Authors: Kass M. Andy , Irons Trevor P. , Minsley Burke J. , Pastick Neal J. , Brown Dana R. N. , Wylie Bruce K.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Characterization of permafrost, particularly warm and near-surface permafrost which can contain significant liquid water, is critical to understanding complex interrelationships with climate change, ecosystems, and disturbances such as wildfires. Understanding the vulnerability and resilience of permafrost requires an interdisciplinary approach, relying on (for example) geophysical investigations, ecological characterization, direct observations, remote sensing, and more. As part of a multi-year investigation into the impacts of wildfires to permafrost, we have collected in situ measurements of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) response of active layer and permafrost in a variety of soil conditions, types, and saturations. In this paper, we summarize the NMR data and present quantitative relationships between active layer and permafrost liquid water content and pore sizes. Through statistical analyses and synthetic freezing simulations, we also demonstrate that borehole NMR can image the nucleation of ice within soil pore spaces.
Title Change Characteristics of Academic and Nonacademic Serials: Implications for Identifying New Serial Works
Authors: Molto Mavis B.
Published: January 2017

The study compared the characteristics of academic and nonacademic serials with title changes, from which it was determined that the two serial subpopulations were similar in the six broad reasons found for a title change but differed in the kinds and proportions of subject and function changes that occurred when a title changed. On the basis of the findings, two alternate RDA rule revision proposals are made (labeled Ideal versus Practical), the first requiring a new access point for a title change only when a significant subject or function change has occurred, and the second requiring a new access point only when the publisher has indicated the start of a totally new serial. It is further recommended that reasons for title changes be determined from statements in the serial or directly from the editor or publisher rather than from word changes in the title.
O ENVELHECIMENTO POPULACIONAL: POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE MOGI DAS CRUZES - SP
Authors: Pereira Maria de Lourdes Gomes , Bonini Luci Mendes de Melo , Panhoca Ivone
Published: January 2017

Trata-se de um estudo realizado na Instituição Pró Hiper - Centro de Qualidade de Vida do Idoso, ligado à Coordenadoria do Idoso da Prefeitura Municipal de Mogi das Cruzes.  O objetivo central deste estudo foi analisar as ações deste programa municipal e os benefícios advindos para a população que o utiliza e refletir a respeito  das políticas públicas municipais relacionadas ao idoso em Mogi das Cruzes de modo a analisar a sua efetividade na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos cidadãos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de abordagem quali-quantitativa, que se desenvolveu na instituição em epígrafe. Foram entrevistados 36 sujeitos e os resultados apontam que as políticas de atenção ao idoso em Mogi das Cruzes têm avançado no sentido de ofertar um centro dia de atividades físicas que promovem a socialização fazendo com que os idosos tenham mais qualidade de vida.
GESTÃO DO CAPITAL INTELECTUAL
Authors: Dos Santos Adélcio Machado , Acosta Alexandre Carvalho
Published: January 2017

Duas perspectivas diversas abordam os ativos intangíveis. Na primeira delas, considera-se que a empresa é formada por ativos tangíveis mais o capital intelectual. Esse capital intelectual é dividido em ativos de mercado, ativos humanos, ativos de propriedade intelectual e ativos de infraestrutura. Por sua vez, na segunda abordagem, emerge que a organização se constitui de uma dimensão visível e de uma parte oculta. A parte oculta compreende o capital intelectual, formado pela junção de capital humano com o capital estrutural (ANTUNES, 2000). Nessas duas abordagens, a primeira delas de Brooking e a segunda de Edvinsson e Malone, observa-se uma diferença quanto ao uso de terminologias diferentes para designar os mesmos objetos: enquanto que um autor emprega a palavra ativo os outros dois fazem uso do termo capital. Segundo Antunes (2000), embora eles sejam corretamente empregados, o porquê de tal procedimento, conclui-se que ambas estão corretamente empregadas, pois todos os componentes do capital intelectual são elementos essenciais para as empresas, representando recursos ou capital, se vistos pela economia, e ativos – bens e ou direitos – se vistos pela contabilidade, pois estes se enquadram na definição de ativo.
Romanización de rituales funerarios oretanos: la tumba 1 del Cerro de las Cabezas (Valdepeñas, Ciudad Real)
Authors: Benítez de Lugo Enrich Luis , Poveda Navarro Antonio Manuel , Urbina Martínez Dionisio , Urquijo Álvarez de Toledo Catalina
Published: January 2017

La correcta aplicación de un procedimiento de prevención de impactos y protección al patrimonio arqueológico, desarrollado con motivo de la implantación de una línea eléctrica de alta tensión, permitió en 2013 al hallazgo de la necrópolis del Cerro de las Cabezas (Valdepeñas, Ciudad Real). En este trabajo se presenta el estudio ceramológico de la Tumba 1; la única de entre las excavadas que cuenta con ajuar de importación. En concreto la pieza importada es un plato de t.s. itálica con sello del taller de L. Titivs, fechado entre 15/40 d.C. Es, por tanto, un enterramiento de comienzos de nuestra era. El hallazgo permite verificar que en ese momento persisten en la Oretania los ritos funerarios indígenas ibéricos, que utilizan ocasionalmente cerámicas romanas de importación.
Importaciones efesias en Cádiz: nuevos hallazgos de La Punta del Nao (La Caleta)
Authors: González Cesteros Horacio , Higueras-Milena Castellano Aurora , Sáez Romero Antonio
Published: January 2017

Prospecciones subacuáticas recientes (2008-2010) en la zona de La Caleta han sacado a la luz interesantes materiales relacionados con las distintas fases de la historia de la Bahía de Cádiz. Dentro del estudio general de dichos conjuntos, en este artículo se presentan unas pequeñas ánforas producidas en el Hinterland de Éfeso, primeras muestras de este tipo de importaciones en la ciudad de Cádiz. Dichas ánforas pueden tomase como una primera muestra representativa del comercio de larga distancia y del consumo de productos de alta gama por parte de las élites gaditanas durante el periodo imperial romano y la tardía Antigüedad. Para ello se hace referencia a la producción de productos agrícolas en Éfeso, principalmente vino, y a las estructuras productivas y comerciales de la metrópolis egea.
Recuperació d’un fragment de la inscripció CIL II2/14, 644 de Benifairó de les Valls (el Camp de Morvedre, València)
Authors: Arasa Gil Ferran , Escrivà Chover María Isabel , Martínez Porral Rafael
Published: January 2017

Una nova inscripció llatina.
L'archeologia sperimentale come metodo di indagine per lo studio delle Veneri del Paleolitico Superiore
Authors: Basile Martina
Published: January 2017

Nel presente articolo si vuole proporre una metodologia di studio delle Veneri del Paleolitico Superiore utilizzando i principi scientifici della Archeologia Sperimentale. L’obiettivo era quello di comprendere come e con quali azioni gli artisti preistorici avevano realizzato le Veneri Paleolitiche. Si è presa come Venere di riferimento  la statuina in osso trovata in località Parabita (Lecce, Puglia), chiamata “Venere Grande”, e si è fissato un protocollo sperimentale che prevedeva il confronto tra le tracce tecnologiche presenti sulla superficie della Venere Archeologica e quelle create sperimentalmente.I campioni sperimentali consistevano, nella creazione di una serie di tracce tecnologiche su oggetti in osso realizzati con strumenti litici affini a quelli trovati nel sito di Parabita e, la creazione, di una Venere Campione, simile alla statuina archeologica. Il risultato finale è stata la creazione di un riassunto schematizzato delle azioni effettuate per la realizzazione della Venere Grande.
Utilization of Different Types of Glucose Oxidase for Reduction of Glucose Concentration in Synthetic Grape Juice
Authors: Petkova Verica , Mladenoska Irina , Gjuladin-Hellon Teuta
Published: January 2017

One of the most promising techniques for oxidation of glucose into a gluconic acid is the utilization of the enzyme glucose oxidase. In order to optimize the process, two types of enzymes were used as catalysts for glucose oxidation in several model synthetic grape juices. The first one is a food grade enzyme Alphamalt Gloxy 5080 from Aspergillus niger. The other one is pure enzyme from Aspergillus niger, used as a sole or in a combination with catalase isolated from beef liver. Both the pure glucose solution and the synthetic grape juice were used as substrates for enzymatic pretreatment. The Alphamalt Gloxy 5080 enzyme, used in a concentration of 1 g/L, showed 77.60% substrate conversion of the glucose used in a concentration of 10 g/L. the pure glucose oxidase having concentration of 25 mg/L converted only 1.32% of glucose, while when combined with 15 μL catalase, the conversion was even 49.25%.
Green Forage Yield and Yield Components of Five Oilseed Rape Genotypes (Brassica napus L.) in Response to Sowing Date and Harvest Stage
Authors: Prentović Tatjana , Ristakoska Biljana , Dimov Zoran , Arsov Zlatko , Kabranova Romina , Iljovski Igor
Published: January 2017

Five oilseed rape genotypes were tested at three sowing dates and harvested at two developmental phases to determine their effects on green forage yield and yield components during 2013/14 growing season. The highest density of canopy was observed at the third sowing date (86 - 157 plants/m2). Among five genotypes, AbaKus formed the most plants/m2 - 109, 106 and 157. The highest plant height was observed from the first sowing date (94.7 - 104 cm). The examined genotypes formed most leaves/plant, from 8.1 to 9.9 planted at the first sowing date. The cultivar AbaKus expressed a significantly higher forage yield (61.2 t/ha) during the second harvest phase. Together with cv. Perko, they had the greatest green forage production potential.
Examination of Seedlings Quality of Pelargonium x hortorum L. H. Bail. Treated with Fertilizers with Different Concentration of Ca (NO3)2
Authors: Davitkovska Margarita , Popsimonova Gordana , Agic Rukie , Bogevska Zvezda , Dorbić Boris , Iljovski Igor
Published: January 2017

The objective of this examination was to determine the quality of the seedlings of Pelargonium x hortorum L. H. Bail. Hybrid “Ringo 2000 deep scarlet” by using fertilizers with different Ca (NO3)2 concentration. Easily soluble fertilizers were used as follows: NPK 9-10-34+M.E. + Ca (NO3)2. In all treatments the dosage of NPK 9-10-34+M.E. was the same (1.6 g/l), but the dosages of Ca (NO3)2 were different as follows: 1.6 g/l, 3 g/l and 4.6 g/l. The plants of the control variant were irrigated with plain water. According to the results of all examined biometrical parameters, it was determined that the nutrition with fertilizer NPK 9-10-34+M.E. + Ca (NO3)2 in dosage of 1.6 g/l had the best results compared to the control variant for about 52% more mass of stem, 76% more mass of root, 83% higher number of brunches, 30% higher number of leaves and 15% higher number of inflorescence.
Layer-specific chromatin accessibility landscapes reveal regulatory networks in adult mouse visual cortex
Authors: Gray Lucas T , Yao Zizhen , Nguyen Thuc Nghi , Kim Tae Kyung , Zeng Hongkui , Tasic Bosiljka
Published: January 2017

Mammalian cortex is a laminar structure, with each layer composed of a characteristic set of cell types with different morphological, electrophysiological, and connectional properties. Here, we define chromatin accessibility landscapes of major, layer-specific excitatory classes of neurons, and compare them to each other and to inhibitory cortical neurons using the Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq). We identify a large number of layer-specific accessible sites, and significant association with genes that are expressed in specific cortical layers. Integration of these data with layer-specific transcriptomic profiles and transcription factor binding motifs enabled us to construct a regulatory network revealing potential key layer-specific regulators, including Cux1/2, Foxp2, Nfia, Pou3f2, and Rorb. This dataset is a valuable resource for identifying candidate layer-specific cis-regulatory elements in adult mouse cortex.
Impact of deep convection on the isotopic amount effect in tropical precipitation
Authors: Tharammal Thejna , Bala Govindasamy , Noone David
Published: January 2017

The empirical “amount effect” observed in the distribution of stable water isotope ratios in tropical precipitation is used in several studies to reconstruct past precipitation. Recent observations suggest the importance of large‐scale organized convection systems on amount effect. With a series of experiments with Community Atmospheric Model version 3.0 with water isotope tracers, we quantify the sensitivity of amount effect to changes in modeled deep convection. The magnitude of the regression slope between long‐term monthly precipitation amount and isotope ratios in precipitation over tropical ocean reduces by more than 20% with a reduction in mean deep convective precipitation by about 60%, indicating a decline in fractionation efficiency. Reduced condensation in deep convective updrafts results in enrichment of lower level vapor with heavier isotope that causes enrichment in total precipitation. However, consequent increases in stratiform and shallow convective precipitation partially offset the reduction in the slope of amount effect. The net result is a reduced slope of amount effect in tropical regions except the tropical western Pacific, where the effects of enhanced large‐scale ascent and increased stratiform precipitation prevail over the influence of reduced deep convection. We also find that the isotope ratios in precipitation are improved over certain regions in the tropics with reduced deep convection, showing that analyses of isotope ratios in precipitation and water vapor are powerful tools to improve precipitation processes in convective parameterization schemes in climate models. Further, our study suggests that the precipitation types over a region can alter the fractionation efficiency of isotopes with implications for the reconstructions of past precipitation.
miR‐127‐5p negatively regulates enterovirus 71 replication by directly targeting SCARB2
Authors: Feng Chunhong , Fu Yuxuan , Chen Deyan , Wang Huanru , Su Airong , Zhang Li , Chang Liang , Zheng Nan , Wu Zhiwei
Published: January 2017

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major causative agent of hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease in young children and can cause severe cerebral and pulmonary complications and even fatality. This study aimed at elucidating whether and how EV71 infection is regulated by a cellular microRNA, miR‐127‐5p. We found that miR‐127‐5p can downregulate the expression of SCARB2, a main receptor of EV71, by targeting two potential sites in its 3′ UTR region and inhibit EV71 infection. Meanwhile, miR‐127‐5p expression was upregulated during EV71 infection. Notably, transfecting cells with miR‐127‐5p mimics led to a significant decrease in viral replication, while inhibition of endogenous miR‐127‐5p facilitated viral replication. Furthermore, our evidence showed that miR‐127‐5p did not affect postentry viral replication. Taken together, these results indicated that miR‐127‐5p inhibited EV71 replication by targeting the SCARB2 mRNA.
One‐Pot Synthesis of p‐Amino‐Substituted Unsymmetrical Benzils and Benzil Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Hongjin , Ren Xiangwei , Zhao Wentao , Tang Xiangyang , Wang Guangwei
Published: January 2017

An efficient iodine/copper(II) oxide co‐promoted direct oxidative coupling of anilines and methyl aryl ketones has been developed for the synthesis of p‐amino‐substituted unsymmetrical benzils and their iodo‐substituted derivatives. The chemoselectivity of the reactions can be easily controlled by adjusting the amount of iodine. This method exhibits good functional group tolerance for various substituents on the aromatic rings of the methyl aryl ketones. A possible mechanism for this reaction has been proposed based on control experiments. A couple of representative quinoxalines were synthesized from the benzil products in order to demonstrate the utility of this approach.

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Schwarzer Phosphor neu entdeckt: vom Volumenmaterial zu Monoschichten
Authors: Gusmão Rui , Sofer Zdenek , Pumera Martin
Published: January 2017

Phosphor ist ein Nichtmetall mit mehreren Allotropen – vom hochreaktiven weißen Phosphor bis zum thermodynamisch stabilen schwarzen Phosphor (SP) mit gewellter orthorhombischer Schichtstruktur. Die Volumenform von SP wurde erstmals 1914 synthetisiert, wurde aber wenig beachtet, bis sie 2014 als Teil einer neuen Welle schichtartiger 2D‐Nanomaterialien wiederentdeckt wurde. SP kann zu einer Einzelschicht exfoliert werden, die eine halbleitende Struktur mit einstellbarer direkter Bandlücke, hoher Trägermobilität bei Raumtemperatur und Anisotropie innerhalb der Ebene aufweist. Allerdings ist oberflächenchemische Zersetzung ein Problem für die Entwicklung von SP‐Anwendungen, weshalb an der Passivierung von SP gearbeitet wird, z. B. über Integration in Van‐der‐Waals‐Heterostrukturen. Aktuell wird der Einsatz von SP als Nanomaterial in Batterien, Transistoren, Sensoren und in der Photonik geprüft. Der Aufsatz beginnt bei den Ursprüngen von SP und verfolgt dessen Weg von einem Volumenmaterial zu modernen Mehrfach‐/Monoschichten. Physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften werden zusammengefasst, und der Forschungsstand über Anwendungen von SP wird beleuchtet.
Real‐Time Monitoring of Nanoparticle Formation by FRET Imaging
Authors: Sanchez‐Gaytan Brenda L. , Fay François , Hak Sjoerd , Alaarg Amr , Fayad Zahi A. , Pérez‐Medina Carlos , Mulder Willem J. M. , Zhao Yiming
Published: January 2017

Understanding the formation process of nanoparticles is of the utmost importance to improve their design and production. This especially holds true for self‐assembled nanoparticles whose formation processes have been largely overlooked. Herein, we present a new technology that integrates a microfluidic‐based nanoparticle synthesis method and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy imaging to visualize nanoparticle self‐assembly in real time. Applied to different nanoparticle systems, for example, nanoemulsions, drug‐loaded block‐copolymer micelles, and nanocrystal‐core reconstituted high‐density lipoproteins, we have shown the approach's unique ability to investigate key parameters affecting nanoparticle formation.
Synthesis of Optically Pure Helicene Metallocenes
Authors: Akiyama Midori , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: January 2017

Two types of ruthenocenes and a ferrocene coordinated by rac‐9H‐cyclopenta[1,2‐c:4,3‐c′]diphenanthrenyl anion(s), a [7]helicene with a cyclopentadienyl moiety at the center of its skeleton, were successfully synthesized: mono‐helicene ruthenocene 1 and its iron analogue 1Fe with one [7]helicene ligand bound to the central metal, and bis‐helicene ruthenocene 2 with two [7]helicenes. Starting from a racemic mixture of the ligand precursor, rac‐2 and meso‐2 were obtained in a 7:3 ratio. Since the [7]helicene has a high racemization barrier, enantiomers of the complexes were isolated in their pure forms; they showed large optical rotations and intense circular dichroism (CD) responses.
Direct Syn Addition of Two Silicon Atoms to a C≡C Triple Bond by Si−Si Bond Activation: Access to Reactive Disilylated Olefins
Authors: Ahmad Maha , Gaumont Annie‐Claude , Durandetti Muriel , Maddaluno Jacques
Published: January 2017

A catalytic intramolecular silapalladation of alkynes affords, in good yields and stereoselectively, syn‐disilylated heterocycles of different chemical structure and size. When applied to silylethers, this reaction leads to vinylic silanols that undergo a rhodium‐catalyzed addition to activated olefins, providing the oxa‐Heck or oxa‐Michael products, depending on the reaction conditions.
Cs2CO3‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Thiols with Phosphonates and Arenes
Authors: Song Song , Zhang Yiqun , Yeerlan Adeli , Zhu Bencong , Liu Jianzhong , Jiao Ning
Published: January 2017

An efficient Cs2CO3‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of thiols with phosphonates and arenes that uses molecular oxygen as the oxidant is described. These reactions provide not only a novel alkali metal salt catalyzed aerobic oxidation, but also an efficient approach to thiophosphates and sulfenylarenes, which are ubiquitously found in pharmaceuticals and pesticides. The reaction proceeds under simple and mild reaction conditions, tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and is applicable to the late‐stage synthesis and modification of bioactive molecules.
Black Phosphorus Rediscovered: From Bulk Material to Monolayers
Authors: Gusmão Rui , Sofer Zdenek , Pumera Martin
Published: January 2017

Phosphorus is a nonmetal with several allotropes, from the highly reactive white phosphorus to the thermodynamically stable black phosphorus (BP) with a puckered orthorhombic layered structure. The bulk form of BP was first synthesized in 1914, but received little attention until it was rediscovered in 2014 as a member of the new wave of 2D layered nanomaterials. BP can be exfoliated to a single sheet that acts as a semiconductor with a tunable direct band gap, a high carrier mobility at room temperature, and an in‐plane anisotropy. The development of BP applications is hampered by surface degradation, thus efforts to achieve effective BP passivation are ongoing, such as its integration in van der Waals heterostructures. BP has been tested as a novel nanomaterial in batteries, transistors, sensors, and photonics. This Review begins with the origin of the BP story, following the path from a bulk material to modern few/single layers. The physical and chemical properties are summarized, and the state‐of‐the‐art of BP applications highlighted.
Synthesis of stable high hydroxyl content self‐emulsifying waterborne polyacrylate emulsion
Authors: Zhang Chao‐Ying , Zhu Zhe‐Wen , Gong Shu‐Ling
Published: January 2017

The stability of hydroxyl polyacrylate emulsion was studied from two aspects of the structure of latex particles and polymerization conditions. Waterborne polyacrylate was prepared through seeded semicontinuous emulsion polymerization method with pre‐emulsification process. HEMA was used to provide a high content of hydroxyl group, and the reactive emulsifier SE‐10 was introduced to substitute for the traditional emulsifier. The best conditions including polymerization process and temperature, monomer types and dropping time were determined, and the effects of emulsifier content and addition method, HEMA content, chain transfer agent content, and soft/hard monomer ratio on the properties of emulsion were investigated. Through the optimization of polymerization conditions and the control of the structure of particles, we have successfully synthesized the core‐shell structure of polyacrylate emulsion with a good appearance, low viscosity and a solid content of 46.5%. The hydroxyl polyacrylate exhibits good performance, which has great potential in development and application. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44844.
Practical Synthesis of Chromeno[2,3‐b]indole Skeleton via an Aldehyde Group Insertion/Aromatization Strategy
Authors: Liu Jianming , Liu Na , Yue Yuanyuan , Wang Yanyan , Chen Kaige , Zhang Jia , Zhao Shufang , Zhuo Kelei
Published: January 2017

The synthesis of chromeno[2,3‐b]indole from simple starting materials remains a demanding process. Herein, 2‐bromoindole undergoes nucleophilic attack from salicylaldehyde, followed by intramolecular insertion of an aldehyde group and aromatization to generate the desired chromeno[2,3‐b]indoles. Moreover, various functional groups were tolerated and a gram‐scale synthesis of the product could be achieved under the optimized condition.
Improvement of ethanol production from crystalline cellulose via optimizing cellulase ratios in cellulolytic Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Inokuma Kentaro , Ho Shih‐Hsin , den Haan Riaan , van Zyl Willem H. , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Kondo Akihiko
Published: January 2017

Crystalline cellulose is one of the major contributors to the recalcitrance of lignocellulose to degradation, necessitating high dosages of cellulase to digest, thereby impeding the economic feasibility of cellulosic biofuels. Several recombinant cellulolytic yeast strains have been developed to reduce the cost of enzyme addition, but few of these strains are able to efficiently degrade crystalline cellulose due to their low cellulolytic activities. Here, by combining the cellulase ratio optimization with a novel screening strategy, we successfully improved the cellulolytic activity of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain displaying four different synergistic cellulases on the cell surface. The optimized strain exhibited an ethanol yield from Avicel of 57% of the theoretical maximum, and a 60% increase of ethanol titer from rice straw. To our knowledge, this work is the first optimization of the degradation of crystalline cellulose by tuning the cellulase ratio in a cellulase cell‐surface display system. This work provides key insights in engineering the cellulase cocktail in a consolidated bioprocessing yeast strain. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1201–1207. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An ultra scale‐down methodology to characterize aspects of the response of human cells to processing by membrane separation operations
Authors: Masri Maria Fernanda , Lawrence Kate , Wall Ivan , Hoare Michael
Published: January 2017

Tools that allow cost‐effective screening of the susceptibility of cell lines to operating conditions which may apply during full scale processing are central to the rapid development of robust processes for cell‐based therapies. In this paper, an ultra scale‐down (USD) device has been developed for the characterization of the response of a human cell line to membrane‐based processing, using just a small quantity of cells that is often all that is available at the early discovery stage. The cell line used to develop the measurements was a clinically relevant human fibroblast cell line. The impact was evaluated by cell damage on completion of membrane processing as assessed by trypan blue exclusion and release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Similar insight was gained from both methods and this allowed the extension of the use of the LDH measurements to examine cell damage as it occurs during processing by a combination of LDH appearance in the permeate and mass balancing of the overall operation. Transmission of LDH was investigated with time of operation and for the two disc speeds investigated (6,000 and 10,000 rpm or ϵmax ≈ 1.9 and 13.5 W mL−1, respectively). As expected, increased energy dissipation rate led to increased transmission as well as significant increases in rate and extent of cell damage. The method developed can be used to test the impact of varying operating conditions and cell lines on cell damage and morphological changes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1241–1251. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation combined with hepatectomy compared with hepatectomy alone for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Imai K , Allard M-A , Castro Benitez C , Vibert E , Sa Cunha A , Cherqui D , Castaing D , Baba H , Adam R
Published: January 2017

Background

Combining radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with hepatectomy may enable treatment with curative intent for patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). However, the oncological outcomes in comparison with resection alone remain to be clarified.

Methods

Patients who underwent a first hepatectomy between 2001 and 2012 for CRLM were enrolled. Short- and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent hepatectomy plus RFA were compared with those of patients who had hepatectomy alone using propensity score matching.

Results

Of a total of 553 patients, hepatectomy + RFA and hepatectomy alone were performed in 37 and 516 respectively. Before matching, patients in the hepatectomy + RFA group were characterized primarily by a larger tumour burden. After matching of 31 patients who underwent hepatectomy + RFA with 93 who had hepatectomy alone, background characteristics were well balanced. In the matched cohort, overall and disease-free survival in the hepatectomy + RFA group were no different from those among patients who had hepatectomy alone (5-year overall survival rate 57 versus 61 per cent, P = 0·649; 5-year disease-free survival rate 19 versus 17 per cent, P = 0·865). Local recurrence at the ablated site was observed in four of 31 patients (13 per cent). Although overall local recurrence (ablated site and/or cut surface) was more frequent in the hepatectomy + RFA group (9 of 31 (29 per cent) versus 11 of 93 (12 per cent); P = 0·032), there was no difference in intrahepatic disease-free survival between the two groups (P = 0·705).

Conclusion

Hepatectomy + RFA achieved outcomes comparable to hepatectomy alone. Combining RFA with hepatectomy should be considered as an option to achieve cure.
Efficacy and safety of a biodegradable polymer Cobalt‐Chromium sirolimus‐eluting stent (EXCEL2) in treating de novo coronary artery disease: A pooled analysis of the CREDIT II and CREDIT III trials
Authors: Wang Geng , Wang Heyang , Xu Bo , Yang Yuejin , Yang Zhiming , Li Hui , Zhang Zheng , Wang Haichang , Yang Lixia , Han Yaling
Published: January 2017

Background: The safety and efficacy of the second‐generation biodegradable polymer Cobalt‐Chromium sirolimus‐eluting stent (EXCEL2) in daily clinical practice remains unknown. Additionally, to meet the China Food and Drug Administration requirements, we conducted an objective performance criterion study from the CREDIT II and CREDIT III trials.

Methods: CREDIT II was a randomized trial comparing the EXCEL2 versus EXCEL stent in patients with up to 2 de novo coronary lesions. CREDIT III was a prospective, single‐arm study evaluating the efficacy and safety of EXCEL2 in broad types of de novo coronary artery lesions. This pooled analysis included patients in the CREDIT III and EXCEL2 arm of the CREDIT II trial. The primary outcome was 12‐month target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TV‐MI), and clinical indicated target lesion revascularization (CI‐TLR). The patient‐oriented composite endpoint (PoCE) of all‐cause death, all MI, or any revascularization was also analyzed.

Results: A total of 833 patients were included, consisting of 625 in the CREDIT III trial and 208 in the EXCEL2 arm of the CREDIT II trial. Twelve‐month TLF occurred in 6.1% patients, cardiac death in 0.4%, TV‐MI in 5%, and CI‐TLR in 1.1%. Additionally, 64 (7.7%) PoCE and 3 probable late stent thromboses (0.4%) were recorded.

Conclusion: EXCEL2 stent met the objective performance criterion on efficacy and safety with a low level of 12‐month TLF as well as stent thrombosis when treating patients with de novo coronary lesions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of long‐term outcomes after bypass grafting versus drug‐eluting stent implantation for left main or multivessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Chang Mineok , Lee Cheol Whan , Ahn Jung‐Min , Cavalcante Rafael , Sotomi Yohei , Onuma Yoshinobu , Han Minkyu , Park Seong‐Wook , Serruys Patrick W. , Park Seung‐Jung
Published: January 2017

Background: We assessed predictors of long‐term outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) versus those after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug‐eluting stents (DES) in 3,230 patients with left main or multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods and Results: Data were pooled from the BEST, PRECOMBAT, and SYNTAX trials. Age, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, left ventricular dysfunction, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) were common predictors of all‐cause mortality. Diabetes mellitus, previous myocardial infarction (MI), and SYNTAX score were independent predictors of all‐cause mortality in the PCI group, but not in the CABG group. In the CABG group, age was the only risk factor for MI; left ventricular dysfunction, hypertension, and PAD were risk factors for stroke. On the other hand, in the PCI group, incomplete revascularization and previous MI were risk factors for MI; age and previous stroke for stroke. In addition, chronic kidney disease significantly correlated with a composite outcome of death, MI, or stroke in the CABG group, and incomplete revascularization and previous MI in the PCI group.

Conclusions: Simple clinical variables and SYNTAX score differentially predict long‐term outcomes after CABG versus those after PCI with DES for left main or multivessel CAD. Those predictors might help to guide the choice of revascularization strategy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk of contrast‐induced acute kidney injury in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing multi‐vessel intervention‐meta‐analysis of randomized trials and risk prediction modeling study using observational data
Authors: Chatterjee Saurav , Kundu Amartya , Mukherjee Debabrata , Sardar Partha , Mehran Roxana , Bashir Riyaz , Giri Jay , Abbott Jinnette D.
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Ascertaining risk of contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing multi‐vessel percutaneous coronary intervention (MV‐PCI).

Background

Complete revascularization may improve outcomes in STEMI patients with multi‐vessel disease. However, a practice of MV‐PCI may be associated with a higher risk of CI‐AKI. We aimed to evaluate the risk of CI‐AKI in patients with STEMI and MV‐PCI and examine the accuracy of a validated risk score.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, EBSCO, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases from inception through August 31, 2016 for randomized studies comparing CI‐AKI rates with MV‐PCI and infarct‐related artery (IRA) only PCI during index hospitalization. A random effects model was used to estimate the risk ratio (RR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to assess the ability of the Mehran risk score to accurately predict the incidence of CI‐AKI in patients undergoing MV‐PCI.

Results

Four randomized studies (N = 1,602) were included in the final analysis. The risk of CI‐AKI was low and no difference was observed with MV‐PCI (1.45%) compared with IRA‐only (1.94%) (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.34‐1.57; P = 0.57). From 2009 to 2012, excluding shock, there were 11,454 MV‐PCI for STEMI patients in the NIS. The Mehran risk score accurately discriminated 78% of the patients who developed CI‐AKI in this cohort (c‐statistic of 0.78, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

MV‐PCI in STEMI is not associated with a higher risk of CI‐AKI and the Mehran risk score can identify patients at higher risk for this complication. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel stent inflation protocol improves long‐term outcomes compared with rapid inflation/deflation deployment method
Authors: Vallurupalli Srikanth , Kasula Srikanth , Kumar Agarwal Shiv , Pothineni Naga Venkata K. , Abualsuod Amjad , Hakeem Abdul , Ahmed Zubair , Uretsky Barry F.
Published: January 2017

Background

High‐pressure inflation for coronary stent deployment is universally performed. However, the duration of inflation is variable and does not take into account differences in lesion compliance. We developed a standardized “pressure optimization protocol” (POP) using inflation pressure stability rather than an arbitrary inflation time or angiographic balloon appearance for stent deployment. Whether this approach improves long‐term outcomes is unknown.

Methods and results

792 patients who underwent PCI using either rapid inflation/deflation (n = 376) or POP (n = 416) between January 2009 and March 2014 were included. Exclusion criteria included PCI for acute myocardial infarction, in‐stent restenosis, chronic total occlusion, left main, and saphenous vein graft lesions. Primary endpoint was target vessel failure [TVF = combined end point of target vessel revascularization (TVR), myocardial infarction, and cardiac death]. Outcomes were analyzed in the entire cohort and in a propensity analysis.

Stent implantation using POP with a median follow‐up of 1317 days was associated with lower TVF compared with rapid inflation/deflation (10.1 vs. 17.8%, P < 0.0001). This difference was driven by a decrease in TVR (7 vs. 10.6%, P = 0.0016) and cardiac death (2.9 vs. 5.8%, P = 0.017) while there was no difference in myocardial infarction (1 vs. 1.9%, P = 0.19). In the Cox regression model, deployment using POP was the only independent predictor of reduced TVF (HR 0.43; 0.29–0.64; P < 0.0001). In the propensity analysis (330 patients per group) TVF remained lower with POP vs. rapid inflation/deflation (10 vs. 18%, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Stent deployment using POP led to reduced TVF compared to rapid I/D. These results recommend this method to improve long‐term outcomes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Romiplostim therapy as a second‐line treatment before splenectomy for refractory immune thrombocytopenia in a cirrhotic patient with iatrogenic Cushing syndrome secondary to corticosteroids
Authors: Casanovas Taltavull Teresa , Peña‐Cala Maria Carmen
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical Message

Our case report discusses the usefulness of administering romiplostim as a second‐line treatment before splenectomy in a cirrhotic patient with immune thrombocytopenia who developed corticosteroid‐induced Cushing's syndrome. Corticosteroids were tapered and consequently withdrawn. The patient made a full recovery postsplenectomy.
Well‐Defined Cesium Benzotriazolide as an Active Catalyst for Generating Disubstituted Ureas from Carbon Dioxide and Amines
Authors: Truong Cong Chien , Kim Jin , Lee Yunho , Kim Yong Jin
Published: January 2017

The front cover artwork for Issue 2/2017 is provided by a collaboration between Prof. Yong Jin Kim's group (KITECH), Prof. Yunho Lee's group (KAIST), and Korea University of Science and Technology (UST). The image shows that a robust and well‐defined Cesium Benzotriazolide can catalyze direct carboxylation of CO2 with various amines to produce corresponding disubstituted ureas in very high yield with highest TOF (344h−1) in the scope of carboxylation of amines. See the Communication itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201601320.
Water‐Gas‐Shift over Metal‐Free Nanocrystalline Ceria: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Guild Curtis J. , Vovchok Dimitriy , Kriz David A. , Bruix Albert , Hammer Bjørk , Llorca Jordi , Xu Wenqian , El‐Sawy Abdelhamid , Biswas Sourav , Rodriguez Jose A. , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Suib Steven L.
Published: January 2017

A tandem experimental and theoretical investigation of a mesoporous ceria catalyst reveals the properties of the metal oxide are conducive for activity typically ascribed to metals, suggesting reduced Ce3+ and oxygen vacancies are responsible for the inherent bi‐functionality of CO oxidation and dissociation of water required for facilitating the production of H2. The degree of reduction of the ceria, specifically the (1 0 0) face, is found to significantly influence the binding of reagents, suggesting reduced surfaces harbor the necessary reactive sites. The metal‐free catalysis of the reaction is significant for catalyst design considerations, and the suite of in situ analyses provides a comprehensive study of the dynamic nature of the high surface area catalyst system. This study postulates feasible improvements in catalytic activity may redirect the purpose of the water‐gas shift reaction from CO purification to primary hydrogen production.
Evaluation of Benzylamine Production via Reductive Amination of Benzaldehyde in a Slurry Reactor
Authors: Krupka Jiri , Dluhoš Libor , Mrózek Lech
Published: January 2017

Technological aspects of the reductive amination of benzaldehyde with ammonia in the absence of solvents are discussed. The reaction kinetics in a slurry reactor was experimentally studied in order to maximize the yield of benzylamine. Effects of reaction conditions and type of solid catalyst on the content of undesirable by‐products were investigated. In particular, benzyl alcohol and trimers of benzylimine, namely, hydrobenzamide and 2,4,5‐triphenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazole, were found as significant by‐products. The formation of poorly soluble high‐boiling trimers of benzylimine was minimized by semi‐batch arrangement of the process with continuous addition of benzaldehyde into the load of benzylamine, ammonia, and Raney‐Ni catalyst. Some important features of benzaldehyde amination, which make it less advantageous for benzylamine production compared to the benzonitrile hydrogenation, are described.
Multiphysics Model of a Fluorine Electrolysis Cell
Authors: Vukasin Julien , Crassous Isabelle , Morel Bertrand , Sanchez-Marcano José
Published: January 2017

Fluorine production results from the electrolysis of hydrogen fluoride‐based molten salts. This process involves several intimately related phenomena, including two‐phase flow, species transport, electrokinetics, and heat transfer. A multiphysics model was built in order to fully simulate this process and simulation results are compared to experimental data. The emphasis is placed on the process of solidification of the electrolyte on the cooling system and on mass transport close to the cathode. A complex link between bubble generation at the electrodes and species consumption has been highlighted.
Electrochemical Study of Selenocystine Reactivity and Reduction at Metallic Surfaces
Authors: Karnaukh Elizabeth A. , Walker Lindsey M. , Lynch Kelsey A. , Wiita Elizabeth G. , Buzzeo Marisa C.
Published: January 2017

The reduction of seleno‐L‐cystine is examined on gold and platinum electrodes in aqueous solution. The voltammetric behavior is indicative of a two‐step process, in which the metallic substrate is modified by the diselenide analyte prior to observation of diffusionally controlled, proton‐coupled electron transfer. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the presence of selenium on gold foil samples that have been reductively cycled in selenocystine solution. The selenium‐based surface modification, which is accessible through multiple preparation routes, can be removed by anodic stripping and fully restored through subsequent cycling. The described electrochemical approach allows for the analysis of redox‐active chalcogen‐containing species under physiologically relevant conditions.
Clathrate Structure Determination by Combining Crystal Structure Prediction with Computational and Experimental 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Selent Marcin , Nyman Jonas , Roukala Juho , Ilczyszyn Marek , Oilunkaniemi Raija , Bygrave Peter J. , Laitinen Risto , Jokisaari Jukka , Day Graeme M. , Lantto Perttu
Published: January 2017

An approach is presented for the structure determination of clathrates using NMR spectroscopy of enclathrated xenon to select from a set of predicted crystal structures. Crystal structure prediction methods have been used to generate an ensemble of putative structures of o‐ and m‐fluorophenol, whose previously unknown clathrate structures have been studied by 129Xe NMR spectroscopy. The high sensitivity of the 129Xe chemical shift tensor to the chemical environment and shape of the crystalline cavity makes it ideal as a probe for porous materials. The experimental powder NMR spectra can be used to directly confirm or reject hypothetical crystal structures generated by computational prediction, whose chemical shift tensors have been simulated using density functional theory. For each fluorophenol isomer one predicted crystal structure was found, whose measured and computed chemical shift tensors agree within experimental and computational error margins and these are thus proposed as the true fluorophenol xenon clathrate structures.
Directing the Self‐Assembly Behaviour of Porphyrin‐Based Supramolecular Systems
Authors: van der Weegen Rob , Teunissen Abraham J. P. , Meijer E. W.
Published: January 2017

The self‐assembly behaviour of a library of tetra‐amidated porphyrin molecules decorated with a variety of solubilizing wedges is investigated as dilute solutions in methylcyclohexane. Small changes in the solubilising wedge of the porphyrins resulted in different aggregated states, as evidenced by CD and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The porphyrins form co‐facially stacked H‐aggregates, slip‐stacked J‐aggregates or a mixture of both. Detailed thermodynamic and kinetic analysis showed that in all cases the formation of J‐aggregates proceeds via an isodesmic mechanism whereas H‐aggregates are formed via a cooperative mechanism. It is shown that these aggregates assemble in a parallel pathway, in which both compete for the monomer, compared to a sequential pathway, in which one of the aggregates interconverts into the other. Interestingly, kinetic analysis of porphyrins that only form H‐aggregates in thermodynamic equilibrium revealed that the competing pathway towards J‐aggregates is operational in these systems as well. Our findings show that the balance between H‐ and J‐aggregates depends on remarkably small changes in the architecture of the solubilising wedges.