bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subjective memory complaints predict poorer functional recovery during the first year following hip‐fracture surgery among elderly adults
Authors: Liu Hsin‐Yun , Wang Hsiao‐Ping , Chen Ching‐Yen , Wu Chi‐Chuan , Hua Mau‐Sun , Lin Yueh‐E , Lin Ya‐Chi , Shyu Yea‐Ing L.
Published: June 2020

Objectives

Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) in the elderly are associated with poor recovery in performing activities of daily living. This study was designed to examine SMCs and their association with recovery and health outcomes of older persons within 1 year following hospital discharge after hip‐fracture surgery.

Methods

Data were collected between 2012 and 2015 from 194 hip‐fractured elders in northern Taiwan. SMCs were assessed by the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire. Recovery outcomes included self‐care ability (activities of daily living [ADLs] and instrumental activities of daily living [IADLs]), physical function (range of motion and maximal muscle strength), cognitive function, delirium, depressive symptoms, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Outcomes were assessed before discharge and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months afterwards. Associations of SMCs with participants' recovery outcomes were examined by the generalized estimating equation approach.

Results

Participants with SMCs had significantly poorer recovery outcomes than those without SMCs. Additionally, the interaction term for time‐by‐SMC was significant on ADLs, IADLs, maximal strength of quadriceps muscles, maximal strength of hip abductor muscles, ankle dorsiflexion, and HRQoL, suggesting that negative associations with SMCs increased over time. Participants with SMCs were at significantly higher risk for cognitive impairment and delirium than those without SMCs.

Conclusions

Participants with SMCs not only had worse recovery than those without SMCs, but their rate of recovery was also slower during the first year following hip‐fracture surgery. Therefore, SMCs need to be assessed to identify patients at high risk for worse recovery outcomes following hip fracture.
Low‐pressure pipeline irrigation technology in China*
Authors: Zhao Hua , Li Ruoxi
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT/RÉSUMÉ (ABSTRACT for English and RÉSUMÉ for French)

This paper introduces the development of low‐pressure pipeline irrigation technology in China, including relevant technical standards. It illustrates closed, open and semi‐closed pipeline types and provides successful examples of application. It also presents popular pipeline materials, including PE, PVC‐U, PVC‐O, steel reinforced polyethylene and reinforced concrete, as well as their features and range of application. In addition, it discusses problems existing in low‐pressure pipeline irrigation schemes, such as pipeline damage caused by negative pressure, and pipeline blockage resulting from airlocks. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand ITE inhibits cell proliferation and migration and enhances sensitivity to drug‐resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , He Bin , Chen Ermei , Lu Juan , Wang Jie , Cao Hongcui , Li Lanjuan
Published: June 2020

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand‐activated transcription factor, is considered as a crucial gene during tumor formation and progress. Among various ligands, 2‐(1′H‐indole‐3′‐carbonyl)‐thiazole‐4‐carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) has been evaluated to share a broad spectrum of biological activities. However, the specific effects and potential mechanisms of ITE against hepatocellular carcinoma remain unclear. Here we explored whether ITE exerted antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its potential mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. We found that ITE could markedly inhibit proliferation of HCCLM3 and SMMC‐7721 cells and induce G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis with alterations of expressions of the related proteins. Also, ITE could prohibit the process of migration and invasion evaluated by transwell assay. Moreover, ITE exhibited remarkable capability to repress the growth of HCCLM3‐SR cells and induce apoptosis in contrast to sorafenib. Additionally, ITE also showed potent antitumor activity against the HCCLM3 xenograft by prohibiting tumor growth without any toxicity to mice. Mechanistically, AHR activation by ITE was attributed to inhibition of HCC cells as AHR knockdown would abolish ITE‐induced suppression in HCC cells, and overexpression of AHR would potentiate antitumor activity regulated by ITE. Our data suggested that ITE manifested a marked antitumor effect against HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo via AHR activation mainly through inducing G1/G0 arrest and apoptosis and inhibiting the process of migration and invasion. Furthermore, we also found the PI3K/AKT pathway was involved in sorafenib‐induced resistance and ITE could restore sensitivity by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway. Collectively, our study revealed that ITE would be a promising therapeutic agent to deal with HCC and an alternative for drug‐resistant HCC.
Maresin 1, a specialized proresolving mediator, stimulates intracellular [Ca2+] and secretion in conjunctival goblet cells
Authors: Olsen Markus V. , Lyngstadaas Anne V. , Bair Jeffrey A. , Hodges Robin R. , Utheim Tor P. , Serhan Charles N. , Dartt Darlene A.
Published: June 2020

Mucin secretion from conjunctival goblet cells forms the tear film mucin layer and requires regulation to function properly. Maresin 1 (MaR1) is a specialized proresolving mediator produced during the resolution of inflammation. We determined if MaR1 stimulates mucin secretion and signaling pathways used. Cultured rat conjunctival goblet cells were used to measure the increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) concentration and mucin secretion. MaR1‐increased [Ca2+]i and secretion were blocked by inhibitors of phospholipase C, protein kinase C, Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II, and extracellular‐regulated kinase 1/2. MaR1 added before addition of histamine counterregulated histamine‐stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i and secretion. We conclude that MaR1 likely has two actions in conjunctival goblet cells: first, maintaining optimal tear film mucin levels by increasing [Ca2+]i and stimulating mucin secretion in health and, second, attenuating the increase in [Ca2+]i and overproduction of mucin secretion by counterregulating the effect of histamine as occurs in ocular allergy.
In vivo enrichment of genetically manipulated platelets for murine hemophilia B gene therapy
Authors: Chen Yingyu , Schroeder Jocelyn A. , Gao Chunyan , Li Jing , Hu Jianda , Shi Qizhen
Published: June 2020

Our previous studies have demonstrated that platelet‐targeted factor IX (FIX) gene therapy can introduce sustained platelet‐FIX expression in hemophilia B (FIXnull) mice. In this study, we aimed to enhance platelet‐FIX expression in FIXnull mice with O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferase (MGMT)‐mediated in vivo drug selection of transduced cells under nonmyeloablative preconditioning. We constructed a novel lentiviral vector (2bF9/MGMT lentivirus vector), which harbors dual genes, the FIX gene driven by the αIIb promoter (2bF9) and the MGMT P140K gene under the murine stem cell virus promoter. Platelet‐FIX expression in FIXnull mice was introduced by 2bF9/MGMT‐mediated hematopoietic stem cell transduction and transplantation. The 2bF9/MGMT‐transduced cells were effectively enriched after drug selection by O6‐benzylguanine/1,3‐bis‐2‐chloroethyl‐1‐nitrosourea. There were a 2.9‐fold higher FIX antigen and a 3.7‐fold higher FIX activity in platelets, respectively, posttreatment compared with pretreatment. When a 6‐hr tail bleeding test was used to grade the bleeding phenotype, the clotting time in treated animals was 2.6 ± 0.5 hr. In contrast, none of the FIXnull control mice were able to clot within 6 hr. Notably, none of the recipients developed anti‐FIX antibodies after gene therapy. One of four recipients developed a low titer of inhibitors when challenged with rhF9 together with adjuvant. In contrast, all FIXnull controls developed inhibitors after the same challenge. Anti‐FIX immunoglobulin G were barely detectable in recipients (1.08 ± 0.54 µg/ml), an 875‐fold lower level than in the FIXnull controls. Our data demonstrate that using the MGMT‐mediated drug selection system in 2bF9 gene therapy can significantly enhance therapeutic platelet‐FIX expression, resulting in sustained phenotypic correction and immune tolerance in FIXnull mice.
When and Why Choices for Others Diverge from Consumers' Own Salient Goals
Authors: Bryksina Olya
Published: June 2020

Consumers frequently make choices and purchase products for other people (e.g., buying a gift for a friend). While extant research identified many factors that influence how choices for others are made, much of this literature focused on product‐specific factors or motivations pertaining to the process of exchange to understand choice‐for‐others phenomena. Little is known about the influence of consumer‐relevant factors on choices made for other people. In the current research, we examine how choices for others are influenced by consumers' own salient personal goals (e.g., to get fit, to succeed professionally). We find that consumers choose goal‐inconsistent options for others to enhance their own perception of progress toward their salient goal. This effect is most robust when a salient goal is held at an individual (vs. group) level and when the choice‐for‐other situation exhibits a relationship (vs. recipient) focus. Results of seven experiments support these claims.
Cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms in Fabry disease: A follow‐up study
Authors: Körver Simon , Geurtsen Gert J. , Hollak Carla E. M. , van Schaik Ivo N. , Longo Maria G. F. , Lima Marjana R. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Langeveld Mirjam
Published: June 2020

Patients with Fabry disease (FD) have a high prevalence of depressive symptoms and can suffer from cognitive impairment, negatively affecting their life. The course of cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms in FD is unknown. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to describe changes in cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms and to identify related variables in patients with FD over 1 year. Assessments were conducted twice, using a neuropsychological test battery and the Centre of Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CESD). Eighty‐one patients were included of which 76 patients (94%) completed both assessments (age: 44 years, 34% men, 75% classical phenotype). A significant decrease in cognitive functioning was found in four patients (5%), with patients regressing from excellent to average/good. Changes were not related to sex, phenotype, stroke, IQ or CESD scores. CESD scores ≥16 were present in 29 patients (38%) at baseline. Using the reliable change index a decrease in CESD scores was found in six patients (8%). Decreased CESD scores were independently related to employing a positive and problem solving coping style and increased CESD scores to an avoiding and brooding coping style and worsening health perception. We found no major changes in cognitive functioning in patients with FD during 1 year follow‐up making it an unsuitable outcome in FD treatment trials. Considering the high prevalence of persistent depressive symptoms, assessment of depressive symptoms should be part of routine follow‐up. Altering coping styles and health perception may improve psychological well‐being in FD.
A study on clinical effect of Arbidol combined with adjuvant therapy on COVID‐19
Authors: Chen Wenyu , Yao Ming , Fang Zhixian , Lv Xiaodong , Deng Min , Wu Zhen
Published: June 2020

This study aims to explore the clinical effect of Arbidol (ARB) combined with adjuvant therapy on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The study included 62 patients with COVID‐19 admitted to the First Hospital of Jiaxing from January to March 2020, and all patients were divided into the test group and the control group according to whether they received ARB during hospitalization. Various indexes in the two groups before and after treatment were observed and recorded, including fever, cough, hypodynamia, nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, diarrhea, C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), blood routine indexes, blood biochemical indexes, time to achieve negative virus nucleic acid, and so on. The fever and cough in the test group were relieved markedly faster than those in the control group (P  <  .05); there was no obvious difference between the two groups concerning the percentage of patients with abnormal CRP, PCT, blood routine indexes, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase (P > .05); the time for two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests in the test group were shorter than that in the control group; the hospitalization period of the patients in the test group and control group were (16.5  ±  7.14) days and (18.55  ±  7.52) days, respectively. ARB combined with adjuvant therapy might be able to relieve the fever of COVID‐19 sufferers faster and accelerate the cure time to some degree, hence it's recommended for further research clinically.
A novel risk score to predict diagnosis with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in suspected patients: A retrospective, multicenter, and observational study
Authors: Huang Dong , Wang Ting , Chen Zhu , Yang Huan , Yao Rong , Liang Zongan
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study was to explore a novel risk score to predict diagnosis with COVID‐19 among all suspected patients at admission. This was a retrospective, multicenter, and observational study. The clinical data of all suspected patients were analyzed. Independent risk factors were identified via multivariate logistic regression analysis. Finally, 336 confirmed COVID‐19 patients and 139 control patients were included. We found nine independent risk factors for diagnosis with COVID‐19 at admission to hospital: epidemiological exposure histories (OR:13.32; 95%CI, 6.39‐27.75), weakness/fatigue (OR:4.51, 95%CI, 1.70‐11.96), heart rate less than  100 beat/minutes (OR:3.80, 95%CI, 2.00‐7.22), bilateral pneumonia (OR:3.60, 95%CI, 1.83‐7.10), neutrophil count less than equal to  6.3 × 109/L (OR: 6.77, 95%CI, 2.52‐18.19), eosinophil count less than equal to 0.02  ×  109/L (OR:3.14, 95%CI, 1.58‐6.22), glucose more than equal to 6  mmol/L (OR:2.43, 95%CI, 1.04‐5.66), D‐dimer ≥ 0.5 mg/L (OR:3.49, 95%CI, 1.22‐9.96), and C‐reactive protein less than 5  mg/L (OR:3.83, 95%CI, 1.86‐7.92). As for the performance of this risk score, a cut‐off value of 20 (specificity: 0.866; sensitivity: 0.813) was identified to predict COVID‐19 according to reciever operator characteristic curve and the area under the curve was 0.921 (95%CI: 0.896‐0.945; P  <  .01). We designed a novel risk score which might have a promising predictive capacity for diagnosis with COVID‐19 among suspected patients.
Clinical performance of different SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody tests
Authors: Kohmer Niko , Westhaus Sandra , Rühl Cornelia , Ciesek Sandra , Rabenau Holger F.
Published: June 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) serological assays are urgently needed for rapid diagnosis, contact tracing, and for epidemiological studies. So far, there is limited data on how commercially available tests perform with real patient samples, and if positive tested samples show neutralizing abilities. Focusing on IgG antibodies, we demonstrate the performance of two enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays (Euroimmun SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and Vircell COVID‐19 ELISA IgG) in comparison to one lateral flow assay (FaStep COVID‐19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Device) and two in‐house developed assays (immunofluorescence assay [IFA] and plaque reduction neutralization test [PRNT]). We tested follow up serum/plasma samples of individuals polymerase chain reaction‐diagnosed with COVID‐19. Most of the SARS‐CoV‐2 samples were from individuals with moderate to the severe clinical course, who required an in‐patient hospital stay. For all examined assays, the sensitivity ranged from 58.8 to 76.5% for the early phase of infection (days 5‐9) and from 93.8% to 100% for the later period (days 10‐18).
Performance enhanced absorbing boundary condition for electromagnetic modelling and simulation
Authors: Wu Shihong , Sun Yumei , Chi Mingmei , Chen Xiangguang
Published: June 2020

Based upon the higher order (HO) concept and the convolution perfectly matched layer (CPML) formulation, the efficient and tight HO‐CPML implementation is proposed for electromagnetic (EM) simulation. The proposed formulation has the advantages of the higher order concept and the CPML in terms of enhancing absorbing performance and improving computational efficiency. Numerical examples including the half‐space soil/metal plate structure and the patch antenna radiation model are carried out in the finite‐difference time‐domain lattice to validate the effectiveness and efficiency. It can be demonstrated that the proposed HO‐CPML can further enhance the absorbing performance compared with the CPML and enjoy considerable computational efficiency compared with the other HO‐perfectly matched layers (HO‐PMLs). Meanwhile, the proposal can terminate arbitrary mediums without changing the update equations in the PML regions.
Early Signs of Impaired Gut Function Affect Daily Functioning in Patients With Advanced Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: van der Meij Barbara S. , Deutz Nicolaas E. P. , Rodriguez Ramon E. , Engelen Mariëlle P. K. J.
Published: June 2020

Background

Gastrointestinal symptoms are common during chemotherapy, but underlying disturbances in gut function and their impact on daily life are unclear. This study investigates gut function in a heterogenous group of cancer patients with gastrointestinal symptoms during chemotherapy and its relation to anabolic response, muscle health, and daily functioning.

Methods

In 16 patients with solid tumors (mostly stage III+IV) undergoing chemotherapy (T) and 16 healthy (H) matched controls, small‐intestinal membrane integrity was measured by urine sugar tests. Protein digestion, absorption, and anabolic response to a conventional protein supplement were analyzed by stable‐tracer methods. Muscle mass and strength and daily functioning were assessed.

Results

Eighty‐one percent of T patients reported gastrointestinal symptoms. Small‐intestinal membrane permeability was similar, but active glucose transport was lower in the T group (T, 35.5% ± 3.4% vs H, 48.4% ± 4.7%; P = .03). Protein digestion and absorption tended to be lower in the T group (0.67 ± 0.02 vs 0.80 ± 0.04; P = .08). Net protein anabolic response to feeding was comparable, although lower in cancer patients with recent weight loss. Gut permeability negatively correlated to hand grip strength, global health, and physical functioning, and active‐transport capacity positively correlated to global health in the T group.

Conclusion

Advanced cancer patients with gastrointestinal symptoms during chemotherapy, particularly those with recent weight loss, show signs of impaired gut function negatively affecting muscle health, daily functioning, and anabolic response to feeding.
Shock‐driven electron redistribution studies of triamino trinitrobenzene using time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy and first‐principle calculation
Authors: Yu Guoyang , Zheng Zhaoyang , Qiao Zhiqiang , Zeng Yangyang , Tang Zhixu , Wu Honglin , Tan Duowang , Zheng Xianxu , Song Yunfei , Yang Guangcheng , Wu Qiang , Yang Yanqiang
Published: June 2020

Shock‐driven electron redistribution of triamino trinitrobenzene has been studied by time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy and first‐principle calculation. The variation trends of electron densities of CNO2 bonds, HNH bonds and intermolecular hydrogen bonds (inter‐HB) are respectively analyzed from the Raman peak shifts and the intensity changes under shock conditions. In addition, the pressure‐dependent effective bond order is calculated by density functional theory. By combining the experimental and computational results, it is deduced that electrons redistribute mainly through two paths under shock loading. In one path, the electrons transfer from the HNH, CNH2, NO bonds, and the intramolecular hydrogen bonds (intra‐HB) to the inter‐HB; and in the other path, the electrons transfer from the NO and CC bonds to the CNO2 bonds. These results suggest that this mechanism is reversible under relatively modest shock conditions and may change the strength orders of some chemical bonds and make some chemical bonds broken easily under violent shock conditions.
Gallbladder squamous cell carcinoma: An analysis of 1084 cases from the National Cancer Database
Authors: Ayabe Reed I. , Wach Michael M. , Ruff Samantha M. , Diggs Laurence P. , Martin Sean P. , Wiemken Timothy , Hinyard Leslie , Davis Jeremy L. , Luu Carrie , Hernandez Jonathan M.
Published: June 2020

Background/Objectives

Gallbladder squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an uncommon malignancy whose rarity has made it particularly challenging to study. We utilized a national database to shed light on the clinicopathologic characteristics, management patterns, and survival associated with these tumors.

Methods

Patients with gallbladder SCC were identified in the National Cancer Database. Clinicopathologic and treatment characteristics were recorded and compared with adenocarcinoma for context. Univariate and multivariable survival analyses were completed for patients who underwent resection.

Results

Overall, 1084 patients with SCC and 23 958 patients with adenocarcinoma were identified. Compared with those with adenocarcinoma, patients with SCC had higher grade tumors (P < .001) and were diagnosed at a later stage (P < .001). Patients with SCC were more likely to undergo radical cholecystectomy (17% vs 9%; P < .001), but had a higher rate of margin positivity (36% vs 29%; P < .001). SCC histology was associated with worse survival compared with adenocarcinoma, even after adjusting for R0 resections (13 vs 29 months; P < .001). On multivariable analysis, SCC histology was independently associated with abbreviated survival (P = .003).

Conclusions

Gallbladder SCCs are aggressive cancers that often present at an advanced stage. Complete surgical extirpation should be pursued when feasible. However, prognosis is worse than that of adenocarcinoma, even after R0 resection.
Simulation of nonisothermal reactive liquid chromatography using two‐dimensional lumped kinetic model
Authors: Ahmad Abdulaziz Garba , Qamar Shamsul
Published: June 2020

A nonisothermal two‐dimensional lumped kinetic model of reactive liquid chromatography is formulated and applied to simulate the separation of multicomponent mixtures in a fixed‐bed cylindrical column operating under nonisothermal condition. The axial and radial variations of concentration and temperature as well as reversibility of the chemical reactions are incorporated in the model equations. The model comprises a system of convection‐diffusion‐reaction partial differential equations coupled with algebraic and differential equations. Due to the nonlinearity of adsorption and reaction kinetics, it is required to apply an accurate numerical scheme for solving the model equations. In this study, an efficient and accurate high‐resolution flux‐limiting finite‐volume scheme is proposed to solve the model equations. A number of stoichiometrical reactions are numerically simulated to determine the level of coupling between the temperature and concentration profiles. Moreover, the effects of various critical parameters on the process performance are examined. The results obtained are beneficial for understanding reaction and separation processes inside a liquid chromatographic reactor and to improve its performance.
Laryngeal Pathologies and Their Associations With Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Piersiala Krzysztof , Akst Lee M. , Hillel Alexander T. , Best Simon R.
Published: June 2020

Objectives

Mental health disorders are very common. Understanding their clinical manifestations in terms of voice and laryngeal disorders (VLD) is important because they constitute a significant proportion of all patients seen by otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery. In this study, we examine different mental disorders (MDs) and their presenting symptoms and diagnoses of VLD.

Methods

Case series study, retrospective chart review of patients seen between January 2016 and December 2017 at the Johns Hopkins Voice Center. Diagnoses, demographic data, and comorbidities were collected. VLD were grouped into categories (laryngeal pathology, functional voice disorders, airway, swallowing, other) for statistical analysis.

Results

Of a total 4,249 patients, 836 patients (19.7%) suffered from at least one MD. Those patients presented more frequently with swallowing problems (24.9% of all diagnoses in MD compared to 21.2% in control group; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.280, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.107–1.480, P = .001) and less frequently with vocal cord pathology (30.9% of all diagnoses in MD compared to 33.9% in control group, aOR 0.793, 95% CI 0.694–0.907, P = .001). Patients suffering from depression had significantly increased odds for dysphagia (aOR 1.570, 95% CI 1.216–2.026, P = .001). VLD clinical presentation profile was created for every MD studied.

Conclusion

Patients suffering from mental health disorders present more frequently with swallowing complaints, in particular for dysphagia. Awareness of this can guide appropriate referrals. Objective laryngeal findings are common in patients with substance abuse disorders. They should be screened with careful diagnostic laryngoscopy.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:E231–E239, 2021
Efficient zinc/cobalt inter‐replacement in northeast Pacific diatoms and relationship to high surface dissolved Co : Zn ratios
Authors: Kellogg Riss M. , McIlvin Matthew R. , Vedamati Jagruti , Twining Benjamin S. , Moffett James W. , Marchetti Adrian , Moran Dawn M. , Saito Mak A.
Published: June 2020

The importance of zinc (Zn) as a nutrient and its ability to be substituted for by cobalt (Co) have been characterized in model marine diatoms. However, the extent to which this substitution capability is distributed among diatom taxa is unknown. Zn/Co metabolic substitution was assayed in four diatom species as measured by the effect of free ion concentrations of Zn2+ and Co2+ on specific growth rate. Analysis of growth responses found substitution of these metals can occur within the northwest Atlantic isolate Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP1335, the northeast Atlantic isolate Phaeodactylum tricornutum CCMP632, and within the northeast Pacific isolates Pseudo‐nitzschia delicatissima UNC1205 and Thalassiosira sp. UNC1203. Metabolic substitution of Co in place of Zn in the Atlantic diatoms supports their growth in media lacking added Zn, but at the cost of reduced growth rates. In contrast, highly efficient Zn/Co substitution that supported growth even in media lacking added Zn was observed in the northeast Pacific diatoms. We also present new data from the northeast Pacific Line P transect that revealed dissolved Co and Zn ratios (dCo : dZn) as high as 3.52 : 1 at surface (0–100 m) depths. We posit that the enhanced ability of the NE Pacific diatoms to grow using Co is an adaptation to these high surface dCo : dZn ratios. Particulate metal data and single‐cell metal quotas also suggest a high Zn demand in diatoms that may be partially compensated for by Co.
Effects of downwash during unmanned aircraft system‐assisted water sampling on water mass structure directly below the UAS
Authors: Miura Shingo , Kohzu Ayato
Published: June 2020

In recent years, unmanned aircraft system (UAS) have played an increasing role in fields such as topographic mapping using optical cameras and thermal mapping using infrared cameras in aquatic environmental research. UAS‐assisted water sampling has important advantages, such as reducing labor, increasing sampling speed, and enabling sample collection from as‐yet unexplored lakes and marshes. However, downwash effects on water masses have not yet been evaluated. We conducted two experiments to evaluate the impact of UAS downwash on water mass characteristics. In the first experiment, we used temperature sensors and thermal imaging cameras to show that downwash generates bottom‐water upwelling. The results of this experiment are consistent with our hypothesized mechanism for water mass perturbation. In the second experiment, we directly measured downwash speeds and used the data to recommend a maximum downwash speed of 4.0 m s−1 for UAS‐assisted water sampling. However, we caution that even slower downwash speeds may be required for certain field conditions and research questions. Our results showed that the ongoing development of UAS‐assisted water sampling must include efforts to measure and minimize downwash.
Open Wave Height Logger: An open source pressure sensor data logger for wave measurement
Authors: Lyman Theodore P. , Elsmore Kristen , Gaylord Brian , Byrnes Jarrett E. K. , Miller Luke P.
Published: June 2020

Wave‐generated flows, associated hydrodynamic forces, and disturbances created by them play critical roles in determining the structure and health of near‐shore coastal ecosystems. Oscillatory motions produced by waves increase delivery of nutrients and food to benthic organisms, and can enhance vertical mixing to facilitate delivery of larvae and spores to the seafloor. At the same time, wave disturbances can remove individuals and biomass with far‐reaching effects on critical coastal ecosystems and the biodiversity within them. Commercial instruments designed to measure wave characteristics and the effects of wave energy can be expensive to purchase and deploy, limiting their use in large quantities or in areas where they may be lost. We have developed an inexpensive open‐source pressure transducer data logger based on an Arduino microcontroller that can be used to characterize wave conditions for deployments lasting multiple months. Our design criteria centered around simplicity, longevity, low cost, and ease of use for researchers. Housed in ubiquitous polyvinylchloride (PVC) plumbing and constructed primarily with readily available materials, the Open Wave Height Logger (OWHL) can be fabricated in a college setting with basic shop tools. The OWHL performs comparably to commercial pressure‐based wave height data loggers during tests in the field, creating the opportunity to expand the use of these sensors for applications where sufficient spatial replication or risk of instrument loss would otherwise be cost prohibitive.
The differentiation operator in the space of uniformly convergent Dirichlet series
Authors: Bonet José
Published: June 2020

Continuity, compactness, the spectrum and ergodic properties of the differentiation operator are investigated, when it acts in the Fréchet space of all Dirichlet series that are uniformly convergent in all half‐planes for each . The properties of the formal inverse of the differentiation are also investigated.
A timeline of female stress urinary incontinence: how technology defined theory and advanced treatment
Authors: Schreiner Gretchen , Beltran Rylee , Lockwood Gina , Takacs Elizabeth B.
Published: June 2020

Background

Prevailing theories and treatments of female stress urinary incontinence are built on 120 years of evolution in understanding the structure and function of the female bladder neck and urethra and of considering why treatments failed. In our management of patients, it is important to understand and appreciate how our management of female stress urinary incontinence has evolved and which treatments have prevailed as we advance our knowledge for future treatments.

Aims

The purpose of this review is to describe how advances in technology impacted and shaped prevailing theories or understanding of the pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence and influences our treatment approach.

Materials and Methods

An extensive literature search was performed from 1900 to present identifying articles that discussed technological advancements in female urology, theories of female stress incontinence, and treatments.

Results

The literature from the 20th century to the present shows a nonlinear evolution of the pathophysiological mechanism of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) from a notion of SUI and secondary to a simple anatomic finding to consideration of the effects of neurophysiologic pathways on SUI. Slings, however, have been a staple in the management of SUI.

Conclusions

The pubovaginal sling (PVS) is a procedure that, with minor modifications (graft size, suture preference) has withstood the test of time and maintained its place in the armamentarium of SUI treatment for 100 years. It is therefore imperative that we continue to educate our residents and fellows on the surgical techniques and indications for use of the PVS.
Best practices for cystometric evaluation of lower urinary tract function in muriform rodents
Authors: Fraser Matthew O. , Smith Phillip P. , Sullivan Maryrose P. , Bjorling Dale E. , Campeau Lysanne , Andersson Karl‐Erik , Yoshiyama Mitsuharu
Published: June 2020

Aims

Rodent cystometry has provided valuable insights into the impact of the disease, injury, and aging on the cellular and molecular pathways, neurologic processes, and biomechanics of lower urinary tract function. The purpose of this white paper is to highlight the benefits and shortcomings of different experimental methods and strategies and to provide guidance on the proper interpretation of results.

Methods

Literature search, selection of articles, and conclusions based on discussions among a panel of workers in the field.

Results

A range of cystometric tests and techniques used to explore biological phenomena relevant to the lower urinary tract are described, the advantages and disadvantages of various experimental conditions are discussed, and guidance on the practical aspects of experimental execution and proper interpretation of results are provided.

Conclusions

Cystometric evaluation of rodents comprises an extensive collection of functional tests that can be performed under a variety of experimental conditions. Decisions regarding which approaches to choose should be determined by the specific questions to be addressed and implementation of the test should follow standardized procedures.
Lung fibrosis enters the iron age†
Authors: Ogger Patricia P , Byrne Adam J
Published: June 2020

Iron is an essential nutrient for numerous cellular processes. However, excess iron in the lung (e.g. inhaled in pollution/cigarette smoke) can be harmful, acting as a catalyst in the formation of free radicals. Pulmonary iron content is therefore tightly regulated and alterations in iron metabolism have been associated with chronic lung disease. In particular, patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have been reported to have numerous aspects of dysfunctional iron metabolism in the lung, including increased iron levels, presence of iron‐laden macrophages and iron‐induced oxidative stress. In a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, Ali et al showed a mechanistic link between iron accumulation and pulmonary fibrosis pathology. Using mouse models of iron overload, the authors showed that increased iron levels resulted in reduced lung function and worse pulmonary fibrosis upon lung injury by bleomycin. Treatment with inhaled iron chelator deferoxamine ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis and prevented lung function decline in vivo. This study highlights the importance of iron homeostasis in the lung and provides evidence of pulmonary iron overload contributing to the development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness improvement with high temperature in far‐field behavior multiwall carbon nanotube/iron (III) particles addition in composites
Authors: Merizgui Tahar , Hadjadj Abdechafik , Kious Mecheri , Gaoui Bachir
Published: June 2020

The hybrid polymer composite (HPMC) are increasingly used in the most shielding applications in the far field region, but the main problem is these HPMC should be having a good shielding efficiency and works at high temperature. The purpose of this research study was to prepare a high stable microwave shielding hybrid polymer composite for incremental temperature implementations with surface modified MWCNTs and Fe2O3 filled contents. In this paper, the kenaf fiber, Iron (III) oxide and MWCNTs particles were surface‐treated by APTMS for effective dispersion and adhesion on epoxy matrix medium. The morphology of the obtained shields was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Thus, additions of MWCNTs and Iron (III) oxide particles increase the magnetic permeability and electrical permittivity of epoxy polymer matrix at high temperature (25°C‐100°C‐200°C). The kenaf fibers increase the mechanical properties such as the flexural, tensile. The principal advantages of these compositions are its low cost and its higher electrical conductivity which make it a suitable material as shielding material against electromagnetic field at high temperature. For electromagnetic compatibility in the far‐field regions, the adequate SE in the frequency range of 2 to 18 GHz of the epoxy polymer matrix‐kenaf fiber conducting composites was obtained by adding the MWCNT and Fe2O3 particles.
Quality assessment of Typhae Pollen Carbonisata based on chromaticity analysis combined with UPLC fingerprinting and thrombin activity
Authors: Ren Kun , Fei Zhongping , Wang Yannian , Cheng Xile , Wang Dongmei , Lu Yan , Ren Shumeng , Pan Yingni , Liu Xiaoqiu
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Typhae pollen (TP) has been used as an anticoagulant in traditional Chinese medicine and throughout Asia. Typhae Pollen Carbonisata (TPC), a processed product of TP, has hemostatic properties. TPC is produced by frying TP, and the degree of processing can be judged by the colour change from yellow to brown.

Objective

To establish a novel method for quality assessment of TPC and discriminate TPC from underdone products and overdone products.

Methodology

The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) L* a* b* colour space values of TP and TPC were measured to establish the colour model of TPC. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography was developed for fingerprinting. Thrombin activity promoting rates, clotting time, and bleeding time illustrated the difference in the hemostatic effect of the processed products. Chemometric approaches were performed to reveal the correlation between components and colour values or thrombin activity.

Results

Reference ranges of colour values and mathematical functions of TPC were established. The developed method was found to be fast, economic, sensitive, and stable. Fingerprints and thrombin activity in conjunction with partial least squares (PLS) demonstrated that peaks 2, 4, 7, 30, and 36 (isorhamnetin) were the main contributors for colour values and hemostatic activity of TPC.

Conclusions

TPC and its unqualified products can be effectively distinguished based on chromaticity analysis, which provides a powerful tool for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Chinese herbal medicines.
Prenatal exposure to VOCs and NOx and lung function in preschoolers
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Delgado Rosa I. , Barraza‐Villarreal Albino , Escamilla‐Núñez María C. , Hernández‐Cadena Leticia , Cortez‐Lugo Marlene , Sly Peter , Romieu Isabelle
Published: June 2020

Background

Several studies have shown that exposure to air pollutants affects lung growth and development and can result in poor respiratory health in early life.

Methods

We included a subsample of 772 Mexican preschoolers whose mothers participated in a Prenatal Omega‐3 fatty acid Supplements, GRowth, And Development birth cohort study with the aim to evaluate the impact of prenatal exposure to volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides on lung function measured by oscillation tests. The preschoolers were followed until 5 years of age. Anthropometric measurements and forced oscillation tests were performed at 36, 48, and 60 months of age. Information on sociodemographic and health characteristics was obtained during follow up. Prenatal exposure to volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides was evaluated using a land use regression models and the association between them was tested using a lineal regression and longitudinal linear mixed effect models adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Overall, the mean (standard deviation) of the measurements of respiratory system resistance and respiratory system reactance at 6, 8, and 10 Hz during the follow‐up period was 11.3 (2.4), 11.1 (2.4), 10.3 (2.2) and –5.2 (1.6), –4.8 (1.7), and –4.6 hPa s L−1 (1.6), respectively. We found a significantly positive association between respiratory resistance (βRrs6 = 0.011; 95%CI: 0.001, 0.023) (P < .05) and prenatal exposure to nitrogen dioxide and a marginally negatively association between respiratory reactance (βXrs6 = −11.40 95%CI: −25.26, 1.17 and βXrs8 = −11.91 95%CI: −26.51, 1.43) (P = .07) and prenatal exposure to xylene.

Conclusion

Prenatal exposure to air pollutants was significantly associated with the alteration of lung function measured by oscillation tests in these preschool children.
Selenium‐binding protein 1 alters energy metabolism in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Elhodaky Mostafa , Hong Lenny K. , Kadkol Shrinidhi , Diamond Alan M.
Published: June 2020

Objective

The broad goal of the research described in this study was to investigate the contributions of selenium‐binding protein 1 (SBP1) loss in prostate cancer development and outcome.

Methods

SBP1 levels were altered in prostate cancer cell lines and the consequences on oxygen consumption, expression of proteins associated with energy metabolism, and cellular transformation and migration were investigated. The effects of exposing cells to the SBP1 reaction products, H2O2 and H2S were also assessed. In silico analyses identified potential HNF4α binding sites within the SBP1 promoter region and this was investigated using an inhibitor specific for that transcription factor.

Results

Using in silico analyses, it was determined that the promoter region of SBP1 contains putative binding sites for the HNF4α transcription factor. The potential for HNF4α to regulate SBP1 expression was supported by data indicating that HNF4α inhibition resulted in a dose‐response increase in the levels of SBP1 messenger RNA and protein, identifying HNF4α as a novel negative regulator of SBP1 expression in prostate cancer cells. The consequences of altering the levels of SBP1 were investigated by ectopically expressing SBP1 in PC‐3 prostate cancer cells, where SBP1 expression attenuated anchorage‐independent cellular growth and migration in culture, both properties associated with transformation. SBP1 overexpression reduced oxygen consumption in these cells and increased the activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), a major regulator of energy homeostasis. In addition, the reaction products of SBP1, H2O2, and H2S also activated AMPK.

Conclusions

Based on the obtained data, it is hypothesized that SBP1 negatively regulates oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the healthy prostate cells by the production of H2O2 and H2S and consequential activation of AMPK. The reduction of SBP1 levels in prostate cancer can occur due to increased binding of HNF4α, acting as a transcriptional inhibitor to the SBP1 promoter. Consequently, there is a reduction in H2O2 and H2S‐mediated signaling, inhibition of AMPK, and stimulation of OXPHOS and building blocks of biomolecules needed for tumor growth and progression. Other effects of SBP1 loss in tumor cells remain to be discovered.
Securinine suppresses osteoclastogenesis and ameliorates inflammatory bone loss
Authors: Kwak Sung Chul , Jeong Da Hye , Cheon Yoon‐Hee , Lee Chang Hoon , Yoon Kwon‐Ha , Kim Ju‐Young , Lee Myeung Su
Published: June 2020

Securinine (Sec) is a naturally derived compound separated from the roots of Securinega suffruticosa, which has long been used as a herbal medicine. Sec is widely known as a GABA receptor antagonist, it is also known as an innate immune cell agonist and has been reported to increase macrophage activity and promote monocyte maturation. On the basis of these studies, we investigated the effect of Sec on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorbing function. We have found that Sec inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation, fusion, actin ring formation, and bone resorbing function by the inhibition of gene expression associated with each stage. Moreover, Sec significantly suppressed osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the phosphorylation of p38, Akt, JNK, IκB, and PLCγ2, in pathways involved in early osteoclastogenesis as well as through the subsequent suppression of c‐Fos and NFATc1. Finally, Sec effectively protected bone loss induced by the excessive inflammatory responses and activity of osteoclasts in vivo by a micro‐CT and histological analysis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Sec may be a promising drug for bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis, which is associated with the excessive activity of osteoclasts.
Multiresponse optimization of a multistage manufacturing process using a patient rule induction method
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hee , Yang Jin‐Kyung , Kim Kwang‐Jae
Published: June 2020

Most manufacturing industries produce products through a series of sequential stages, known as a multistage process. In a multistage process, each stage affects the stage that follows, and the process often has multiple response variables. In this paper, we suggest a new procedure for optimizing a multistage process with multiple response variables. Our method searches for an optimal setting of input variables directly from operational data according to a patient rule induction method (PRIM) to maximize a desirability function, to which multiple response variables are converted. The proposed method is explained by a step‐by‐step procedure using a steel manufacturing process as an example. The results of the steel manufacturing process optimization show that the proposed method finds the optimal settings of input variables and outperforms the other PRIM‐based methods.
Robotic Whipple for pancreatic ductal and ampullary adenocarcinoma: 10 years experience of a US single‐center
Authors: Valle Valentina , Fernandes Eduardo , Mangano Alberto , Aguiluz Gabriela , Bustos Roberto , Bianco Francesco , Giulianotti Pier Cristoforo
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

There is currently ample consensus about the safety and feasibility of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD). However, few studies are available on the long‐term oncological outcomes of this procedure. We present a long‐term survival analysis (up to 10 years) of our series of RPD carried out for ductal and ampullary adenocarcinoma.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected approved database was carried out including 39 patients who underwent RPD for pancreatic ductal and ampullary adenocarcinomas.

RESULTS

The 5‐year overall survival for ductal and ampullary carcinoma was 41% with an estimated median and mean survival of 27 and 52 months. The ampullary group had significantly longer 5‐year survival (68%) than the ductal group (30%).

CONCLUSION

Our data show, within the limitations of their retrospective nature, that robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy provides similar short‐ and long‐term survival outcomes compared to open technique in the treatment of pancreatic ductal and ampullary adenocarcinoma.