bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term outcome of peripheral T‐cell lymphomas: Ten‐year follow‐up of the International Prospective T‐cell Project
Authors: Civallero Monica , Schroers‐Martin Joseph G. , Horwitz Steven , Manni Martina , Stepanishyna Yana , Cabrera Maria Elena , Vose Julie , Spina Michele , Hitz Felicitas , Nagler Arnon , Montoto Silvia , Chiattone Carlos , Skrypets Tetiana , Perez Saenz M. Angeles , Priolo Giorgio , Luminari Stefano , Lymboussaki Athina , Pavlovsky Astrid , Marino Dario , Liberati Marina , Trotman Judith , Mannina Donato , Federico Massimo , Advani Ranjana
Published: March 2024

Peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of haematological cancers with generally poor clinical outcomes. However, a subset of patients experience durable disease control, and little is known regarding long‐term outcomes. The International T‐cell Lymphoma Project (ITCLP) is the largest prospectively collected cohort of patients with PTCLs, providing insight into clinical outcomes at academic medical centres globally. We performed a long‐term outcome analysis on patients from the ITCLP with available 10‐year follow‐up data (n = 735). The overall response rate to first‐line therapy was 68%, while 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival estimates were 49% and 40% respectively. Most deaths occurred prior to 5 years, and for patients alive at 5 years, the chance of surviving to 10 years was 84%. However, lymphoma remained the leading cause of death in the 5‐ to 10‐year period (67%). Low‐risk International Prognostic Index and Prognostic Index for T‐cell lymphoma scores both identified patients with improved survival, while in multivariate analysis, age >60 years and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 2–4 were associated with inferior outcomes. The favourable survival seen in patients achieving durable initial disease control emphasizes the unmet need for optimal front‐line therapeutic approaches in PTCLs.
Interaction of patient age and high‐grade prostate cancer on targeted biopsies of MRI suspicious lesions
Authors: Pak Jamie S. , Huang Richard , Huang William C. , Lepor Herbert , Wysock James S. , Taneja Samir S.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the interaction of patient age and Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) score in determining the grade of prostate cancer (PCa) identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐targeted biopsy in older men.

Patients and methods

From a prospectively accrued Institutional Review Board‐approved comparative study of MRI‐targeted and systematic biopsy between June 2012 and December 2022, men with at least one PI‐RADS ≥3 lesion on pre‐biopsy MRI and no prior history of PCa were selected. Ordinal and binomial logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 2677 men met study criteria. The highest PI‐RADS score was 3 in 1220 men (46%), 4 in 950 men (36%), and 5 in 507 men (19%). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) patient age was 66.7 (60.8–71.8) years, median (IQR) prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level was 6.1 (4.6–9.0) ng/mL, median (IQR) prostate volume was 48 (34–68) mL, and median (IQR) PSA density was 0.13 (0.08–0.20) ng/mL/mL. Clinically significant (cs)PCa and high‐risk PCa were identified on targeted biopsy in 1264 (47%) and 321 (12%) men, respectively. Prevalence of csPCa and high‐risk PCa were significantly higher in the older age groups. On multivariable analyses, patient age was significantly associated with csPCa but not high‐risk PCa; PI‐RADS score and the interaction of age and PI‐RADS score were significantly associated with high‐risk PCa but not csPCa.

Conclusion

In our cohort, the substantial rate of high‐risk PCa on MRI–ultrasound fusion targeted biopsies in older men, and its significant association with MRI findings, supports the value of pre‐biopsy MRI to localise disease that could cause cancer mortality even in older men.
Children's moral evaluations of and behaviors toward people who are curious about religion and science
Authors: Mosley Ariel J. , White Cindel J. M. , Solomon Larisa Heiphetz
Published: March 2024

Although children exhibit curiosity regarding science, questions remain regarding how children evaluate others' curiosity and whether evaluations differ across domains that prioritize faith (e.g., religion) versus those that value questioning (e.g., science). In Study 1 (n = 115 5‐ to 8‐year‐olds; 49% female; 66% White), children evaluated actors who were curious, ignorant and non‐curious, or knowledgeable about religion or science; curiosity elicited relatively favorable moral evaluations (ds > .40). Study 2 (n = 62 7‐ to 8‐year‐olds; 48% female; 63% White) found that these evaluations generalized to behaviors, as children acted more pro‐socially and less punitively toward curious, versus not curious, individuals ( = .37). These findings (data collected 2020–2022) demonstrate children's positive moral evaluations of curiosity and contribute to debates regarding overlap between scientific and religious cognition.
Malignancy‐associated ischemic stroke: Implications for diagnostic and therapeutic workup
Authors: Xie Wanqing , Hsu Szuyao , Lin Yuxuan , Xie Lv , Jin Xia , Zhu Ziyu , Guo Yunlu , Chen Caiyang , Huang Dan , Boltze Johannes , Li Peiying
Published: March 2024

Background

Patients with malignancies have an increased risk of suffering ischemic stroke via several mechanisms such as coagulation dysfunction and other malignancy‐related effects as well as iatrogenic causes. Moreover, stroke can be the first sign of an occult malignancy, termed as malignancy‐associated ischemic stroke (MAS). Therefore, timely diagnostic assessment and targeted management of this complex clinical situation are critical.

Findings

Patients with both stroke and malignancy have atypical ages, risk factors, and often exhibit malignancy‐related symptoms and multiple lesions on neuroimaging. New biomarkers such as eicosapentaenoic acid and blood mRNA profiles may help in distinguishing MAS from other strokes. In terms of treatment, malignancy should not be considered a contraindication, given comparable rates of recanalization and complications between stroke patients with or without malignancies.

Conclusion

In this review, we summarize the latest developments in diagnosing and managing MAS, especially stroke with occult malignancies, and provide new recommendations from recently emerged clinical evidence for diagnostic and therapeutic workup strategies.
Myosteatosis predicts postoperative complications and long‐term survival in robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Ding Pingan , Wu Jiaxiang , Wu Haotian , Li Tongkun , Yang Jiaxuan , Yang Li , Guo Honghai , Tian Yuan , Yang Peigang , Meng Lingjiao , Zhao Qun
Published: March 2024

Background

Robotic gastrectomy is increasingly utilized for gastric cancer, but high morbidity remains a concern. Myosteatosis or low skeletal muscle density reflecting fatty infiltration, associates with complications after other cancer surgeries but has not been evaluated for robotic gastrectomy.

Methods

This retrospective study analysed 381 patients undergoing robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer from September 2019 to October 2022. Myosteatosis was quantified on preoperative computed tomography (CT) images at lumbar 3 (L3). Propensity score matching addressed potential confounding between myosteatosis and non‐myosteatosis groups. Outcomes were postoperative complications, 30 days mortality, 30 days readmissions and survival.

Results

Myosteatosis was present in 33.6% of patients. Myosteatosis associated with increased overall (47.7% vs. 26.5%, p < 0.001) and severe complications (12.4% vs. 4.9%, p < 0.001). After matching, myosteatosis remained associated with increased overall complications, major complications, intensive care unit (ICU) transfer and readmission (all p < 0.05). Myosteatosis independently predicted overall [odds ratio (OR) = 2.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57–5.20, p = 0.001] and severe complications (OR = 4.81, 95% CI: 1.51–15.27, p = 0.008). Myosteatosis also associated with reduced overall (85.0% vs. 93.2%, p = 0.015) and disease‐free survival (80.3% vs. 88.4%, p=0.029). On multivariate analysis, myosteatosis independently predicted poorer survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.32–6.08, p=0.012] and disease‐free survival (HR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.01–3.30, p=0.032).

Conclusion

Preoperative CT‐defined myosteatosis independently predicts increased postoperative complications and reduced long‐term survival after robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Assessing myosteatosis on staging CT could optimize preoperative risk stratification.
Colloids facilitate transport of cadmium and uranium in arable soils, which is undetected by suction cups in the field
Authors: Bergen Benoit , Lemmens Joris , Moens Claudia , Smolders Erik
Published: March 2024

Colloids can facilitate the transport of trace elements in soil, but earlier studies fell short either because of sampling artefacts or because no contrasting soils were used; both factors hamper a better understanding of where this occurs. Here, leaching in undisturbed and unsaturated soil columns was observed to identify colloidal transport of cadmium (Cd) and uranium (U) in soils with contrasting properties. Crucially, it was examined how such column data relate to more traditional in situ data obtained with porous suction cups. Soils were collected from three agricultural fields in Switzerland (soil pH 5.1–7.3), leached during 36 days (0.6 pore volumes, ~1.6 mm day−1), and elements trapped in the PTFE suction plates were recovered and were ascribed to colloids. Of the total mobile mass (sum percolate and plate), 18%–53% (Cd) or 8–89% (U) was retained by plates, the range depending on the field where soil was sampled and that fraction depends on soil pH and for U also on dissolved inorganic carbon. The total mobile Cd or U mass divided by the percolated volume indicates the metal concentration in the average leachate and was logically highest for Cd in the most acidic soil and for U in the most alkaline soil. The concentrations of Cd and U in these column leachates were >10‐fold higher than corresponding concentrations in the suction cups in the field for those soils and elements where colloids dominated leaching. In contrast, they were within a factor of two where colloids are <20% of the mobile mass. Flow Field‐Flow Fractionation (FlFFF) analyses showed an association of colloidal U with oxyhydroxides, clays and organic matter and, for colloidal Cd, an association with organic matter. These data show that suction cups or filtered percolates can underestimate the leaching of Cd and U by up to an order of magnitude.
Factors affecting the topography of nitrous oxide‐induced neurological complications
Authors: Cruz Eva Sole , Fortanier Etienne , Hilezian Frederic , Maarouf Adil , Boutière Clémence , Demortière Sarah , Rico Audrey , Delmont Emilien , Pelletier Jean , Attarian Shahram , Audoin Bertrand
Published: March 2024

Background

The factors underlying the topography of nitrous oxide (N2O)‐induced neurological complications are unknown.

Methods

We included all consecutive patients admitted to the university hospital of Marseille for N2O‐induced neurological complications in a prospective observational study. Patients underwent neurological examination, spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging, and nerve conduction studies within the first 4 weeks after admission.

Results

In total, 61 patients were included: 45% with myeloneuropathy, 34% with isolated myelopathy, and 21% with isolated neuropathy. On multivariable analysis, the odds of myelopathy were associated with the amount of weekly N2O consumption (~600 g cylinder per week, odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.001–1.24). The extent of the myelopathy (number of vertebral segments) was correlated with the number of ~600‐g cylinders consumed weekly (ρ = 0.40, p < 0.005). The odds of neuropathy were associated with the duration of consumption (per month; OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.05–1.58). Mean lower‐limb motor nerve amplitude was correlated with the duration of consumption (in months; ρ = −0.34, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The odds of myelopathy increased with the amount of N2O consumption, and the odds of neuropathy increased with the duration of N2O exposure, which suggests distinct pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these two neurological complications.
Biological agent exerts therapeutic effects by reversing abnormalities in amino acid metabolic pathways in psoriasis
Authors: Miao Haijun , Bai Yaxing , Shen Shengxian , Chu Mengyang , Miao Chang , Yang Jundan , Li Xia , Li Liang , Shao Shuai , Wang Gang , Dang Erle
Published: March 2024

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis involving immune system dysregulation and inflammation. Previous studies have indicated that metabolic abnormalities are closely related to the development and occurrence of psoriasis. However, the specific involvement of amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of amino acid metabolism pathway changes in psoriasis patients using transcriptome data, genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) data, and single‐cell data. Our findings revealed 11 significant alterations in amino acid metabolism pathways within psoriatic lesions, with notable restorative changes observed after biological therapy. Branched‐chain amino acids, tyrosine and arginine metabolism have a causal relationship with the occurrence of psoriasis and may play a crucial role by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of the keratinocytes or immune‐related pathways. Activation of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis suggests a favourable prognosis of psoriasis after treatment. Additionally, we identified the abnormal metabolic pathways in specific cell types and key gene sets that contribute to amino acid metabolic disorders in psoriasis. Overall, our study enhances understanding of the role of metabolism in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and provides potential targets for developing new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
The use of vision modelling to design bycatch reduction devices using light
Authors: Somerville Jasmine , Blount Jon , Stevens Martin
Published: March 2024

Artificial light can be used to deter unwanted non‐target catch (bycatch) from fishing gear, which is thought to be achieved by repelling bycatch, or highlighting escape routes on nets. To select for responses in bycatch species, light should (1) cause the bycatch species to avoid capture, and (2) not invoke the same reaction in target species. One way to maximise the chance of a bycatch species responding to light is to ensure the light colour used is more visible to bycatch species. Some studies have considered the visual sensitivity of certain species to address this. In particular, the wavebands of light that a species is sensitive to. However, using this measurement alone is incomplete as it does not consider other factors that affect visibility, such as the ambient light spectrum, and wavelength‐dependant light attenuation in different water types and depths. To account for these variables, and to more accurately predict how both target and bycatch species view light colours in a fishing context, we used a model of the vision of commercially relevant species in fisheries across the world. From this, we show whether a light colour is more visible to a bycatch species compared to a target species in a particular depth and water type, and how modelling can be used to make informed assessments of the selection of relevant light colours in fishing. We also discuss the limitations of using vision models alone and the need for corresponding behaviour and/or fishing trials with lights.
Natural killer group 2D‐major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide‐related sequence A activation enhances natural killer cell‐mediated immunity against hepatocellular carcinoma: A review
Authors: Arai Jun , Okumura Akinori , Kato Naoya , Ito Kiyoaki
Published: March 2024

The recent clinical introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved therapeutic outcomes in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, these therapies targeting CD8+ T lymphocytes have a response rate of approximately 30%. In addition to CD8+ T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells represent promising therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma, because they comprise 30%–50% of all lymphocytes in the liver and contribute to antitumor immunity. A recent meta‐analysis revealed that the percentage of infiltrating NK cells in hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with a better patient outcome. Similarly, our previous genome‐wide association study on chronic viral hepatitis showed that a single‐nucleotide polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide‐related sequence A (MICA), a ligand to the NK activating receptor, plays a critical role in hepatocarcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the regulation of MICA and NK group 2D expression in chronic hepatitis. Furthermore, we describe recent reports on MICA single‐nucleotide polymorphism‐driven hepatocarcinogenesis. The suppression of MICA shedding could represent a promising approach for immunosurveillance, as increased expression of membrane‐bound MICA achieved through the use of a MICA shedding inhibitor also enhances NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity.
TRADE SHOCKS AND HIGHER‐ORDER EARNINGS RISK IN LOCAL LABOR MARKETS
Authors: Martinez Tomás R. , Mello Ursula
Published: March 2024

This article investigates the relationship between international trade and asymmetrical labor income risk. Using the case study of Brazil, we inspect how an increase in import penetration following the China shock impacted the distribution of idiosyncratic earnings changes across the country's local labor markets. We find that an increase in import penetration leads to a more dispersed and negatively skewed distribution. These effects can be explained by an increase in the volatility of hours worked following job and industry transitions, particularly from involuntary job separations.
Enhancing probiotic encapsulation with konjac glucomannan hydrolysate
Authors: Phumsombat Putthapong , Lekhavat Supaporn , Devahastin Sakamon , Chiewchan Naphaporn , Borompichaichartkul Chaleeda
Published: March 2024

Feasibility of using konjac glucomannan hydrolysate (KGMH) as prebiotics and wall material for encapsulating probiotics was investigated. Prebiotic activity scores (PASs) were determined for KGMH, inulin, fructooligosaccharides and konjac glucomannan to assess their effectiveness in promoting growth of probiotics and inhibiting enteric mixture. Thermal tolerances of probiotics were also assessed. Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 and L. acidophilus LA5 exhibited higher PASs and thermal tolerances and were selected for encapsulation; freeze drying and spray drying were used to form and dry encapsulated probiotics. Maltodextrin (MD), soy protein isolate (SPI) and KGMH, either individually or in combination, were comparatively used as wall materials. Freeze drying with SPI and KGMH resulted in highest survival rates for L. rhamnosus L34 (97.92%) and L. acidophilus LA5 (88.94%). In case of spray drying, MD, KGMH and combination of MD and KGMH resulted in drying yields of 55–71%; SPI‐containing formula resulted in lower yields (20–23%). Spray‐dried probiotics exhibited lower survival rates compared to their freeze‐dried counterpart. KGMH, particularly in combination with SPI, emerged as promising material for enhancing probiotics survival during encapsulation.
Applying Galperin model to teacher professional development: A qualitative case study of a peer coaching program
Authors: Kamali Jaber , Javahery Pourya
Published: March 2024

The present study is an attempt to apply Galperin spiral model to implement and analyze a peer coaching program. To do so, six teachers (three coaches and three protégés), who attended a 3‐month peer coaching program in which protégés received help from their more experienced peers (coaches), completed narrative frames about the program and participated in individual semistructured interviews. After the transcription of the interviews, the thematic analysis was conducted on the gathered data. The results of the study revealed that although there are evidential obstacles to doing the program including inter alia, cultural schema, teacher financial well‐being and discontinuity of it, the employed model could provide additional aid and critical look for implementing peer coaching programs in educational contexts. Teachers and teacher educators can benefit from the findings by applying the proposed model in peer coaching programs.
Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in 10 Regional Capitals of Cameroon, October–December 2020
Authors: Sachathep Karampreet , Duong Yen T. , Reid Giles , Dokubo Emily Kainne , Shang Judith D. , Ndongmo Clement B. , Gabriel Ekali , Tharp G. , Dimite Laura Eno , N'Dir Adama , Okpu Gordon , Ogollah Francis M. , Nguafack Dubliss , Ntse Martin C. , Hrusa Gili , Yuengling Katherine , Tebbenhoff Megan , René Essomba , Françoise Ngo Sack , Felicity Naah Tabala , Okomo Marie Claire , Bissek Anne‐Cecile Zoung‐Kanyi , Harris Tiffany G.
Published: March 2024

Background

Cameroon was among the most affected African countries during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic; however, the true prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 remains unknown.

Methods

From October to December 2020, we conducted a cross‐sectional, age‐stratified SARS‐CoV‐2 seroepidemiological survey at 30 purposively selected community‐based sites across Cameroon's 10 regional capitals, sampling 10,000 individuals aged 5 years or older. We employed a parallel SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody testing algorithm (WANTAI ELISA and Abbott Architect) to improve both the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of seroprevalence.

Results

The overall weighted and adjusted seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies across the 10 urban capitals of Cameroon was 10.5% (95% CI: 9.1%–12.0%) among participants aged ≥5 years. Of the 9332 participants, 730 males (13.1%, 95% CI: 11.5%–14.9%) had SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies compared to 293 females (8.0%, 95% CI: 6.8%—9.3%). Among those who reported a comorbidity at the time of testing, 15.8% (95% CI: 12.8%–19.4%) were seropositive. We estimated that over 2 million SARS‐CoV‐2 infections occurred in the 10 regional capitals of Cameroon between October and December 2020, compared to 21,160 cases officially reported at that time translating to one laboratory‐confirmed case being reported for every 110 SARS‐CoV‐2 infections across the 10 urban capitals.

Conclusion

This study's findings point to extensive and under‐reported circulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Cameroon—an almost 100‐fold more cases compared to the number of cases reported to the World Health Organization. This finding highlights the importance of conducting serosurveys, especially in settings where access to testing may be limited and to repeat such surveys as part of pandemic tracking.
Nest predation and climate change as drivers of alternative reproductive tactics in a migratory species
Authors: Pöysä Hannu
Published: March 2024

Alternative reproductive tactics enable individuals to choose a reproductive tactic relative to their status and prevailing environmental conditions in a way that increases their fitness. For example, females in many avian species show phenotypic plasticity and employ alternative reproductive tactics to cope with changes in predation risk and climate. Conspecific brood parasitism (CBP), in which females lay eggs in nests of conspecifics, is one example of such behaviour. It has been proposed that when prospects for successful nesting are low and/or costs of reproduction are high, females employ tactics of low effort such as non‐breeding and parasitic laying. When environmental conditions are ideal and prospects for success high, females can increase their reproductive effort above typical nesting by laying parasitic eggs prior to initiating their own nest. Here, I used this flexible life‐history strategy concept and long‐term (1994‒2022) population level data of the common goldeneye Bucephala clangula to study how the rate of parasitic laying varies in relation to variation in nest predation risk and in the timing and length of the breeding season, the latter being measured by the timing of ice breakup. Nest predation rate in the previous year and timing of ice breakup interactively affected parasitic laying, the rate of parasitic laying being particularly high in years with late ice breakup and high nest predation rate in the previous year. Furthermore, the proportion of predated eggs was lower in parasitized nests than in non‐parasitized nests, while the opposite was true for the proportion of eggs that failed in other way. As a consequence, the final number of young produced per nest was higher for parasitized nests. The findings of this study show that changes in environmental conditions affect the dynamics of alternative reproductive tactics in goldeneyes, with consequences to population level reproductive output.
Profilometric, esthetic, and patient‐reported outcomes of the L‐shape technique combined with delayed connective tissue grafting in the maxillary anterior region: A 3‐year case series study
Authors: Kim Yeon‐Tae , Lee Jae‐Hong
Published: March 2024

Objective

To evaluate the profilometric, esthetic, and patient‐reported outcomes of peri‐implant tissues in the maxillary anterior esthetic zone following guided bone regeneration (GBR) using the L‐shape technique combined with delayed connective tissue grafting (CTG).

Materials and Methods

Profilometric and pink esthetic score (PES) measurements were performed at the time of implant surgery with GBR (T0) and at the 1‐ (T1), 2‐ (T2), and 3‐year (T3) follow‐up. Patient‐reported outcomes were also assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) questionnaire. Statistical analysis over 3 years of follow‐up assessed changes at time points (T0, T1, T2, and T3) and time periods (T0–T1, T0–T2, and T0–T3) using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.

Results

A total of 12 patients (57.5 ± 12.3 years) were included in this study. The mean profilometric change in peri‐implant tissues over the 3‐year follow‐up period was 3.49 ± 1.11 mm, and the buccal contours were not significantly different between the comparison periods. The PES remained stable, while all OHIP‐14 domain scores improved significantly.

Conclusion

Simultaneous implant placement and GBR using the L‐shape technique combined with delayed CTG in the maxillary anterior region provides stable buccal profiles and consistent esthetics and improves patient‐reported quality of life over a 3‐year period.

Clinical Significance

This study demonstrated that GBR using the L‐shape technique combined with delayed CTG in the maxillary anterior region improved the buccal profile, esthetics, and patient‐reported quality of life.
Creating and troubleshooting microscopy analysis workflows: Common challenges and common solutions
Authors: Cimini Beth A
Published: March 2024

As microscopy diversifies and becomes ever more complex, the problem of quantification of microscopy images has emerged as a major roadblock for many researchers. All researchers must face certain challenges in turning microscopy images into answers, independent of their scientific question and the images they have generated. Challenges may arise at many stages throughout the analysis process, including handling of the image files, image pre‐processing, object finding, or measurement, and statistical analysis. While the exact solution required for each obstacle will be problem‐specific, by keeping analysis in mind, optimizing data quality, understanding tools and tradeoffs, breaking workflows and data sets into chunks, talking to experts, and thoroughly documenting what has been done, analysts at any experience level can learn to overcome these challenges and create better and easier image analyses.
How do the mindfulness and sensory‐behavioural‐emotional aspects influence the painful experience related to temporomandibular disorder?
Authors: Melchior Melissa de Oliveira , Magri Laís Valencise , Victoria Díaz‐Serrano Kranya , Leite‐Panissi Christie Ramos Andrade , Gherardi‐Donato Edilaine Cristina Silva
Published: March 2024

Background

Chronic pain is persistent or recurrent pain lasting longer than 3 months. The experience of temporomandibular disorder (TMD)‐related pain is modulated by emotional and social factors, with mindfulness encapsulating these aspects.

Objective

To investigate the association between cognitive‐behavioural‐emotional characteristics, mindfulness and the painful experience in women with chronic pain‐related TMD.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted, including 90 women aged between 18 and 61 years old, diagnosed with chronic pain‐related TMD according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder, considering both temporomandibular joint and muscle pain. Specific instruments were employed to assess cognitive‐behavioural‐emotional aspects. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire scales evaluated the level and construct of mindfulness. The relationship between variables was analysed using bivariate association tests (.05 > p < .20), followed by multiple regression tests (p < .05).

Results

The heightened experience of pain correlated with increasing age, a low level of education, the attribution of the locus of control by chance, and lower levels of mindfulness (p < .05). The heightened experience of pain was negatively influenced by mindfulness levels (p < .05). On the other hand, the painful experience was mainly influenced by facets describing negative formulation, distraction, non‐reactivity and non‐judgement (p < .05).

Conclusion

Demographic, cognitive‐behavioural‐emotional data and levels of mindfulness and its facets presented different influence weights on the painful experience. These findings provide support for future studies focusing on mindfulness strategies, education and pain management in women with chronic pain‐related TMD.
Parental Perception of Children's Mental Health During the Pandemic: Insights From an Italian Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Lo Moro Giuseppina , Scaioli Giacomo , Conrado Francesco , Lusiani Luca , Pinto Sonia , Rolfini Edoardo , Bert Fabrizio , Siliquini Roberta
Published: March 2024

Background

This study explores the impact of the pandemic on children's mental health. It examined the understanding of parents regarding their children's mental condition and their ability to identify issues, 2 years post the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

Using a cross‐sectional design, 507 Italian parents reported on their youngest child aged between 2 and 17, totaling 507 children. The outcomes focused on were parental perception of children's mental health deterioration, scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) above the clinical cut‐off, and parental under‐recognition of mental health issues. Descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regression models were executed (significance at p < .05).

Results

Parents were 88.1% women (median age 41 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 36‐47). Their children were 50.3% female [median age 6 years (IQR = 4‐11)]. The data revealed 21.1% of parents perceived a deterioration in their children's mental health, while 44.2% had SDQ scores above the cut‐off. Parental under‐recognition of mental issues was found in 20.1% of cases. Significant correlations were found between parental perception of deterioration, SDQ scores, and factors like parental mental distress and children's sleep issues.

Implications

The findings suggest that schools and verified websites can serve as critical conduits for providing parents with reliable information. By promoting early identification and intervention, such mechanisms can help ensure mental health equity for children.

Conclusions

The research highlights the effect of the pandemic on children's mental health and the issue of parental under‐recognition. The results underscore the importance of public health initiatives that enhance mental health information accessibility and reliability for parents.
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in a French bulldog puppy with genetically confirmed congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: González Katia Sánchez , Warwick Harry , Conradie Marius , Alisauskaite Neringa
Published: March 2024

A 7‐month‐old male French bulldog was referred for abnormal mentation and gait. Physical examination revealed a dome shaped calvarium and persistent bregmatic fontanelle. Neurological examination revealed proprioceptive ataxia, pelvic limb paraparesis and strabismus with moderate ventriculomegaly, thinning of the cerebral parenchyma, and widened cerebral sulci on magnetic resonance imaging. Masses were identified in the region of the thyroid, which appeared heterogeneous and hyperintense in T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted compared with the adjacent muscle signal masses were identified. Radiological diagnosis was hydrocephalus “ex vacuo” and goiter. Blood test revealed abnormally low total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and normal thyrotropin concentration. A diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism was confirmed by positive genetic test for thyroid peroxidase mutation. Thyroxine supplementation treatment rapidly improved clinical signs.
The Hadley circulation in a changing climate
Authors: Lionello Piero , D'Agostino Roberta , Ferreira David , Nguyen Hanh , Singh Martin S.
Published: March 2024

The Hadley circulation (HC) is a global‐scale atmospheric feature with air descending in the subtropics and ascending in the tropics, which plays a fundamental role in Earth's climate because it transports energy polewards and moisture equatorwards. Theoretically, as a consequence of anthropogenic climate change, the HC is expected to expand polewards, while indications on the HC strength are equivocal, as weakening and strengthening are expected in response to different mechanisms. In fact, there is a general agreement among reanalyses and climate simulations that the HC has significantly widened in the last four decades and it will continue widening in the future, but there is no consensus on past and future changes of the HC strength. Substantial uncertainties are produced by the effects of natural variability, structural deficiencies in climate models and reanalyses, and the influence of other forcing factors, such as anthropogenic aerosols, black carbon, and stratospheric and tropospheric ozone. The global HC can be decomposed into three regional HCs, associated with ascending motion above Equatorial Africa, the Maritime Continent, and Equatorial America, which have evolved differently during the last decades. Climate projections suggest a generalized expansion in the Southern Hemisphere, but a complex regional expansion/contraction pattern in the Northern Hemisphere.
Survival costs and benefits of reproduction: A register‐based study in 20th century Estonia
Authors: Meitern Richard , Hõrak Peeter
Published: March 2024

Patterns of individual variation in lifespan and senescence depend on the associations between parental survival and reproductive rates. We studied the associations between parity and survival among 579,271 Estonians born between 1905 and 1945 and in a cohort with a completed lifespan born in 1905−1927. For this cohort, selection for increased lifespan operated on both sexes, but it was stronger in men than in women. However, the median lifespan increased between the subsequent cohorts in women but stagnated in men. Selection for longer lifespan was caused by the below‐average lifespan of individuals with no or single offspring. Despite a general positive selection for lifespan, survival costs of reproduction were also detected among a relatively small proportion of individuals with high parities, as mothers of two and fathers of two and three children had the highest median lifespans. Fathers of more than six children had better survival than fathers of few children in their reproductive age, but this association reversed after age 70. The reversal of this association between survival and parity at old age indicates that relative mortality risks between those with lower versus higher parities change across ages, as predicted by the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging.
Pycnodysostosis: Characteristics of teeth, mouth and jaws
Authors: Ferlias Nikolaos , Gjørup Hans , Doherty Mia Aagaard , Pedersen Thomas Klit
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To describe the clinical and radiographic oro‐dental characteristics of patients with pycnodysostosis (PDO).

Materials & Methods

A short interview and clinical examination of seven patients with PDO were performed as well as assessment of the temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles using the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders, DC‐TMD form. A full set of records were taken including photos and intraoral scan. Finally, existing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and radiographs were also studied.

Results

All patients presented with bimaxillary micrognathia, five had a convex profile, and two had a straight profile. In addition, posterior open bite, Angle Class III molar relation with accompanying anterior crossbite and a grooved median palate were common findings. No patient showed symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) apart from some clicking. Finally, the main radiographic findings were the obtuse mandibular angle, the frontal bossing, the elongation of the coronoid/condylar process and the presence of hypercementosis with obliterated pulp chambers.

Conclusion

The examined patients with PDO were characterized by dental crowding, malocclusion (anterior crossbite, posterior open bite), hypercementosis, obliterated pulp chambers and deviations in mandibular morphology. In conclusion, patients with PDO have a specific need for dental and orthodontic monitoring with focus on crowding and posterior open bite. The patients will benefit from a long‐term orthodontic plan including extractions.
A survey assessment of combined pediatric dermatology–rheumatology clinics
Authors: Cherepakhin Olga S. , Ringold Sarah , Ronis Tova , Kirkorian A. Yasmine , Brandling‐Bennett Heather
Published: March 2024

The expertise of both dermatology and rheumatology may be beneficial when managing autoimmune conditions with cutaneous and systemic manifestations in children. This survey study was directed to pediatric dermatologists who participate in combined pediatric dermatology–rheumatology clinics; 13 sites in North America responded. The results provide information regarding clinic operations, benefits, and barriers to establishment. These findings have the potential to help institutions establish or modify combined pediatric dermatology–rheumatology clinics, although further research is needed to determine their impact.
Genome‐wide mapping in an international isolate collection identifies a transcontinental erg11/CYP51 promoter insertion associated with fungicide resistance in Leptosphaeria maculans
Authors: Scanlan Jack L. , Idnurm Alexander , Van de Wouw Angela P.
Published: March 2024

Fungicide resistance is often conferred through the mutation of genes encoding fungicide targets or proteins that remove fungicides from cells, but mechanisms can vary widely between taxa. Discovering the specific resistance alleles present in pathogen populations is essential for monitoring the evolution and movement of resistant genotypes. In this study, we explored the genomic basis of demethylase inhibitor (DMI) resistance in Leptosphaeria maculans, the main pathogen of the canola crop Brassica napus. Using an international collection of over 200 genome‐sequenced isolates, we assayed in vitro sensitivity to the DMI tebuconazole and conducted a genome‐wide association study on a variant set including single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), small indels and structural variants. The main resistance allele identified was a 237 bp remnant transposable element insertion in the promoter of the erg11/CYP51 DMI target gene in a large proportion of isolates from Europe, an allele known to confer DMI resistance in Australia. Several associated loci were identified, none of which are commonly linked to DMI resistance in other phytopathogens. We also found little to no relationship between DMI tolerance and baseline growth rate, suggesting minimal fitness effects of fungicide resistance in these isolates. This study indicates common DMI resistance alleles in L. maculans are shared across continents and erg11/CYP51 coding mutations, which are near‐ubiquitous in other fungal pathogens, may not underpin DMI resistance in this species. Furthermore, that resistance occurs frequently in numerous canola‐growing regions suggests management is essential for growers.
SHOULD I STAY OR SHOULD I GO–A rapid qualitative study of principal deteriorating factors experienced by nurses relating to their intentions to leave their current position in a medical hospital department
Authors: Berthelsen Connie , Hansen Carrinna Aviaja
Published: March 2024

Background

High nurse turnover in hospitals is a worldwide problem with dire consequences for patient care such as increased mortality and a decrease in patient safety. A specific effort to retain nurses is urgently needed due to the many vacant nursing positions, especially across the Medical hospital departments.

Aim

To identify the principal deteriorating factors experienced by nurses relating to their intentions to leave the medical department at a university hospital.

Methods

A rapid qualitative research methodology was used. Participants comprised 22 registered nurses employed in five university hospital medical department units. The Rigorous and Accelerated Data Reduction (RADaR) technique was therefore used for data collection through qualitative semi‐structured interviews and analysis. COREQ was used for reporting the study.

Results

The RADaR analysis detected a downward spiral of five principal deteriorating factors influencing nurses' intentions to leave their position in the medical department. The factors were resignations from several nursing colleagues combined with too few and inexperienced nurses present during shifts, additional tasks assigned, a management refraining from improving the problematic issues, leading to decisive consequences for patient care and a declining feeling of professional care.

Conclusions

The lack of nurses in the department caused missed nursing care, which affected the nurses' job satisfaction and intentions to leave their positions. Future research initiatives must focus on evaluating successful interventions to maintain the nurses in the positions. Further knowledge, is also needed, to investigate how we can change the downward spiral to a story of retention success.
The efficacy and safety of neubotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of forehead horizontal lines in Asians – A clinical, prospective, interventional, split‐face study
Authors: Sy Jessica Jane , Wu Raymond , Wan Jovian , Kim Soo‐Bin , Yi Kyu‐Ho
Published: March 2024

Background:

Botulinum toxin injections are widely sought after in the field of medical aesthetics, offering consumers a variety of brand choices. Two commonly available botulinum toxin products, onabotulinumtoxinA and neubotulinumtoxinA, are featured in numerous clinics, leading many to question whether there are discernible differences in results, given their varying price ranges.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of neubotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of forehead horizontal lines.

Methods

A 12‐week prospective, single‐centre, interventional split‐face study was conducted, including 30 subjects. These enrolled subjects received a single treatment session, with neubotulinumtoxinA applied to the left side of the forehead and onabotulinumtoxinA to the right side. A superficial injection was performed in all individuals, where the product was injected subdermally in the frontalis muscle. Evaluation was conducted at baseline, 7 days, 14, days and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment, both when the eyebrows were at maximum lift and in a resting position. Treatment efficacy was assessed by two physicians and self‐assessed by the patients, using the Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Classification system. Adverse events were documented to evaluate safety.

Results

The study found no statistically significant difference in the efficacy of neubotulinum and onabotulinum for treating forehead wrinkles, as indicated by p‐values above 0.05 for both static and dynamic conditions. No safety and adverse events were observed in both formulations.

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated that neither formulation is inferior to each other in the treatment of forehead horizontal lines.
Movement in disguise: Morphology as a diagnostic for verb movement in Algonquian
Authors: Bogomolets Ksenia , Fenger Paula , Stegovec Adrian
Published: March 2024

This paper argues for a unification of two seemingly unrelated phenomena from unrelated language families: Verb Second in Germanic, and Conjunct versus Independent Order in Algonquian. It is argued that both reflect the possibility of the verb moving to C. While in Germanic this results in word order differences, in Algonquian V‐to‐C movement is detectable only via morphological alternations in agreement morphology. Under this view, Conjunct/Independent agreement and V2 are merely distinct reflexes of the same underlying process. This opens up new avenues of research in relation to V‐to‐C movement, framing it as a parametric option with potentially very different surface results in different languages depending on the setting of other parameters.
Whole‐genome sequencing of allotetraploid bermudagrass reveals the origin of Cynodon and candidate genes for salt tolerance
Authors: Wang Huan , Fang Tilin , Li Xiaoning , Xie Yan , Wang Wei , Hu Tao , Kudrna David , Amombo Erick , Yin Yanling , Fan Shugao , Gong Zhiyun , Huang Yicheng , Xia Chunjiao , Zhang Jianwei , Wu Yanqi , Fu Jinmin
Published: March 2024

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is a globally distributed, extensively used warm‐season turf and forage grass with high tolerance to salinity and drought stress in alkaline environments. However, the origin of the species and genetic mechanisms for salinity tolerance in the species are basically unknown. Accordingly, we set out to study evolution divergence events in the Cynodon genome and to identify genes for salinity tolerance. We developed a 604.0 Mb chromosome‐level polyploid genome sequence for bermudagrass ‘A12359’ (n = 18). The C. dactylon genome comprises 2 complete sets of homoeologous chromosomes, each with approximately 30 000 genes, and most genes are conserved as syntenic pairs. Phylogenetic study showed that the initial Cynodon species diverged from Oropetium thomaeum approximately 19.7–25.4 million years ago (Mya), the A and B subgenomes of C. dactylon diverged approximately 6.3–9.1 Mya, and the bermudagrass polyploidization event occurred 1.5 Mya on the African continent. Moreover, we identified 82 candidate genes associated with seven agronomic traits using a genome‐wide association study, and three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were strongly associated with three salt resistance genes: RAP2‐2, CNG channels, and F14D7.1. These genes may be associated with enhanced bermudagrass salt tolerance. These bermudagrass genomic resources, when integrated, may provide fundamental insights into evolution of diploid and tetraploid genomes and enhance the efficacy of comparative genomics in studying salt tolerance in Cynodon.
The ℓp$\ell ^p$ norm of the Riesz–Titchmarsh transform for even integer p$p$
Authors: Bañuelos Rodrigo , Kwaśnicki Mateusz
Published: March 2024

The long‐standing conjecture that for the norm of the Riesz–Titchmarsh discrete Hilbert transform is the same as the norm of the classical Hilbert transform, is verified when or , for . The proof, which is algebraic in nature, depends in a crucial way on the sharp estimate for the norm of a different variant of this operator for the full range of . The latter result was recently proved by the authors (Duke Math. J. 168 (2019), no. 3, 471–504).