bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrutura da regeneração natural de Anadenanthera colubrina em fragmento de brejo de altitude em Bananeiras, PB
Authors: Medeiros Robson Luis Silva de , Souza Vênia Camelo de , Barbosa Neto Miguel Avelino , Araújo Leandro De , Barbosa Alex Da Silva , Medeiros Rafael Luis Silva de
Published: July 2016

A destruição de habitats atrelada à fragmentação causa sérias consequências para qualquer tipo de vegetação, principalmente para a Mata Atlântica na Região Nordeste. Os Brejos de Altitudes Nordestinos são áreas que apresentam microclimas dissociantes das extensões onde estão inseridos. O conhecimento do potencial de regeneração natural é fundamental para a compreensão da dinâmica da vegetação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a o recrutamento e a mortalidade de regenerantes de Anadenanthera colubrina ocorrente em fragmento florestal de Floresta Ombrófila Aberta. Em uma população de A. colubrina as parcelas foram demarcadas, onde existiam plantas matrizes, com plântulas regenerantes, sendo 10 parcelas fixas (10 m x 10 m), onde todos os exemplares dessa espécie menor ou igual a 1 m de altura foram marcados, numerados e acompanhados durante 9 meses. O diâmetro caulinar do táxon apresentou crescimento constante. O incremento médio mensal inicial em diâmetro foi de 1,8 mm e final de 2,3 mm e o incremento médio em altura foi de 20 cm no primeiro mês e 25,9 cm no último mês avaliado. A taxa de mortalidade chegou a 50%. Os fatores ambientais e antrópicos e a predação das sementes contribuem para a mortalidade dos regenerantes.Structure of natural regeneration in Anadenanthera colubrina altitude swamp fragment in Bananeiras, PB, BrazilThe habitats destruction linked to fragmentation causes serious consequences for vegetation in general, especially considering the Northeast Atlantic Forest. The Northeastern Swamps of Altitudes are areas with microclimates dissociating from extensions where they are inserted. Knowledge of the natural regeneration potential is the key to understanding the dynamics of vegetation. The study aimed to evaluate the recruitment and mortality of Anadenanthera colubrina regenerating occurring in Open Rain Forest fragments. In a population of A. colubrina, ten plots with 10 m x 10 m were established, near matrices plants. All specimens with 1 m height or lower were numbered and monitored for 9 months. The stem diameter of the taxon showed continuous growth. The monthly average increment in diameter was at first 1.8 mm and at the end 2.3 mm, and the average stem increment in height was 20 cm at the first month  and 25.9 cm at the last month evaluate. The mortality rate reached 50%. Environmental and anthropogenic factors and seed predation contribute to mortality of regenerating individuals.Index terms: Abiotic factors; Recruitment; Mortality
Evaluación del programa del practicum del grado de maestro de la Universidad de Vigo: su reconstrucción
Authors: Cid A. , Pérez Aballás A. , Sarmiento J.
Published: July 2016

Partimos de la asunción de que el practicum es uno de los factores claves en la formación del profesorado y, por tanto, un elemento clave en la calidad educativa. De aquí, se deriva la necesidad de conocerlo, evaluarlo y, si es posible, mejorarlo. Guiados por esta intención en el presente trabajo nos proponemos comprobar el nivel de calidad del programa de prácticas (practicum) de los Grados de Educación Infantil y de Educación Primaria de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Vigo. Para ello, una vez definido el contexto, planteamos una investigación naturista de carácter descriptivo, utilizando el método de estudio de casos y la técnica de revisión de documentos. Los resultados nos ponen de manifiesto los resultados negativos en las ocho dimensiones de que consta el componente “programa”. Ante esta situación, terminamos proponiendo, con el ánimo de abrir un debate sobre el practicum, mejoras sobre los aspectos que consideramos más importantes.
Estudiantes hoy, entre Facebook, Google y Metacognición. Ideas para innovar en la Educación Superior
Authors: Elisondo R. , De la barrera M. L. , Rigo D. Y. , Kowszyk D. I. , Fagotti Kucharski E. , Ricetti A. , Siracusa M.R.
Published: July 2016

En los estudios superiores, al igual que en los demás contextos educativos, no basta con adquirir una serie de conocimientos, es indispensable reflexionar sobre los propios procesos cognitivos para tomar decisiones autónomas y fundamentadas respecto de los aprendizajes. Aprender va mucho más allá de las cuestiones cognitivas, las emociones puestas en juego y las posibilidades de reflexionar respecto de los aprendizajes resultan decisivas en los complejos procesos de construcción de conocimientos. El objetivo del estudio es analizar aspectos metacognitivos vinculados al aprendizaje académico de estudiantes de primer año del Profesorado en Educación Inicial de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y del Instituto Superior María Inmaculada (Argentina). En la primera parte de la investigación, los estudiantes respondieron a un cuestionario general referido a prácticas y hábitos de estudio y a un inventario de patrones de aprendizaje: ILS (Vermunt, 1998). Luego, se realizaron entrevistas grupales con los estudiantes con el propósito de conocer diferentes puntos de vista respecto de las prácticas de estudio, aprendizaje y enseñanza en la educación superior. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los participantes requieren de regulaciones externas para desarrollar los procesos de aprendizaje. Se observan ciertas dificultades en la autorregulación de los procesos de lectura, escritura y en el estudio en general. Se propone desarrollar estrategias innovadoras que promuevan en los estudiantes prácticas reflexivas y metacognitivas respecto de los aprendizajes en contextos académicos. 
UV and infrared absorption spectra, atmospheric lifetimes, and ozone
depletion and global warming potentials for CCl2FCCl2F (CFC-112),
CCl3CClF2 (CFC-112a), CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a), and
CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a)
Authors: Davis Maxine E. , Bernard François , McGillen Max R. , Fleming Eric L. , Burkholder James B.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The potential impact of CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a) and the recently observed CCl2FCCl2F (CFC-112), CCl3CClF2 (CFC-112a), and CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on stratospheric ozone and climate is presently not well characterized. In this study, the UV absorption spectra of these CFCs were measured between 192.5 and 235 nm over the temperature range 207–323 K. Precise parameterizations of the UV absorption spectra are presented. A 2-D atmospheric model was used to evaluate the CFC atmospheric loss processes, lifetimes, ozone depletion potentials (ODPs), and the associated uncertainty ranges in these metrics due to the kinetic and photochemical uncertainty. The CFCs are primarily removed in the stratosphere by short-wavelength UV photolysis with calculated global annually averaged steady-state lifetimes (years) of 63.6 (61.9–64.7), 51.5 (50.0–52.6), 55.4 (54.3–56.3), and 105.3 (102.9–107.4) for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. The range of lifetimes given in parentheses is due to the 2σ uncertainty in the UV absorption spectra and O(1D) rate coefficients included in the model calculations. The 2-D model was also used to calculate the CFC ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) with values of 0.98, 0.86, 0.73, and 0.72 obtained for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. Using the infrared absorption spectra and lifetimes determined in this work, the CFC global warming potentials (GWPs) were estimated to be 4260 (CFC-112), 3330 (CFC-112a), 3650 (CFC-113a), and 6510 (CFC-114a) for the 100-year time horizon.
Exploring New Topography-based Subgrid Spatial Structures for Land
Surface Modeling
Authors: Tesfa Teklu K. , Leung Lai-Yung
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Topography exerts a major control on land surface processes through its influence on atmospheric forcing, soil and vegetation properties, river network topology and drainage area. Land surface models with spatial structure that captures the spatial heterogeneity influenced by topography may improve representation of land surface processes. Previous studies found that land surface modeling using subbasins instead of structured grids as computational units improves scalability of simulated runoff and streamflow processes. In this study, new land surface spatial structures are explored by further dividing subbasins into subgrid structures based on topographic properties including surface elevation, slope and aspect. Two methods (Local and Global) of watershed discretization are applied to derive two types of subgrid structures (geo-located and non-geo-located) over the topographically diverse Columbia River basin in the Northwestern United States. In the Global method, a fixed elevation classification scheme is used to discretize subbasins. The local method utilizes concepts of hypsometric analysis to discretize each subbasin using different elevation ranges that also naturally accounts for slope variations. The relative merits of the two methods and subgrid structures are investigated for their capability to capture topographic heterogeneity and their implications on representations of atmospheric forcing and land cover spatial patterns. Results highlight the relative advantages of the Local method over the Global method. Comparison between the two types of subgrid structures showed that the non-geo-located subgrid structures are more consistent across different area threshold values than the geo-located subgrid structures. Overall the Local method and non-geo-located subgrid structures effectively and robustly capture topographic, climatic, and vegetation variability important for land surface modeling.
Improved forecasting of thermospheric densities using multi-model ensembles
Authors: Elvidge Sean , Godinez Humberto C. , Angling Matthew J.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This paper presents the first known application of multi-model ensembles to the forecasting of the thermosphere. A multi-model ensemble (MME) is a method for combining different, independent models. The main advantage of using an MME is to reduce the effect of model errors and bias, since it is expected that the model errors will, at least partly, cancel. The MME, with its reduced uncertainties, can then be used as the initial conditions in a physics-based thermosphere model for forecasting. This should increase the forecast skill since a reduction in the errors of the initial conditions of a model generally increases model skill. In this paper the Thermosphere–Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM), the US Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter radar Exosphere 2000 (NRLMSISE-00), and Global Ionosphere–Thermosphere Model (GITM) have been used to construct the MME. As well as comparisons between the MMEs and the “standard” runs of the model, the MME densities have been propagated forward in time using the TIE-GCM. It is shown that thermospheric forecasts of up to 6 h, using the MME, have a reduction in the root mean square error of greater than 60 %. The paper also highlights differences in model performance between times of solar minimum and maximum.
The flood of June 2013 in Germany: how much do we know about its impacts?
Authors: Thieken Annegret H. , Bessel Tina , Kienzler Sarah , Kreibich Heidi , Müller Meike , Pisi Sebastian , Schröter Kai
Published: July 2016

Abstract. In June 2013, widespread flooding and consequent damage and losses occurred in Central Europe, especially in Germany. This paper explores what data are available to investigate the adverse impacts of the event, what kind of information can be retrieved from these data and how well data and information fulfil requirements that were recently proposed for disaster reporting on the European and international levels. In accordance with the European Floods Directive (2007/60/EC), impacts on human health, economic activities (and assets), cultural heritage and the environment are described on the national and sub-national scale. Information from governmental reports is complemented by communications on traffic disruptions and surveys of flood-affected residents and companies. Overall, the impacts of the flood event in 2013 were manifold. The study reveals that flood-affected residents suffered from a large range of impacts, among which mental health and supply problems were perceived more seriously than financial losses. The most frequent damage type among affected companies was business interruption. This demonstrates that the current scientific focus on direct (financial) damage is insufficient to describe the overall impacts and severity of flood events. The case further demonstrates that procedures and standards for impact data collection in Germany are widely missing. Present impact data in Germany are fragmentary, heterogeneous, incomplete and difficult to access. In order to fulfil, for example, the monitoring and reporting requirements of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 that was adopted in March 2015 in Sendai, Japan, more efforts on impact data collection are needed.
Occupational Therapy Home Safety Intervention via Telehealth
Authors: Breeden Lori E.
Published: July 2016

Photography can be an effective addition for education-based telehealth services delivered by an occupational therapist.  In this study, photography was used as antecedent to telehealth sessions delivered by an occupational therapist focused on narrative learning about home safety.  After taking photographs of past home safety challenges, six participants experienced three web-based occupational therapy sessions each.  Sessions were recorded and transcribed.  Data were examined using content analysis.  A content analysis identified the following themes as well as an understanding of the learning process.  Analyses yielded themes of: the value of photos to support learning, the value of narrative learning related to home safety education, abstract versus concrete learners.  Procedural findings are included to support future endeavors.  Findings indicate that within a wellness context, home safety education for older adults can be delivered effectively via telehealth when using photography as a part of an occupational therapy intervention.
Editors' Note
Authors: Cohn Ellen R. , Cason Jana
Published: July 2016

The Spring 2016 issue of the International Journal of Telerehabilitation (IJT) presents original and innovative work in three diverse sections: usability, intervention, and pedagogy, followed by a book review on teleaudiology. The contributors to this issue are notably multi-disciplinary and include an audiologist, computer scientists, engineers, an epidemiologist, occupational therapists, a rehabilitation counselor, a physician (physical medicine and rehabilitation), and speech-language pathologists. The common thread linking the Journal’s authors and their manuscripts, is excellence in telerehabilitation related innovation.
Book Review: Telepractice in Audiology
Authors: Vento Barbara A.
Published: July 2016

This article presents a review of the book Telepractice in Audiology, authored by Emma Rushbrooke MPhil(AUD), BA, DipAud., MAudSA., LSLS. Cert. AVT, RNC, and K. Todd Houston, PhD, CCC-SLP, LSLS Cert. AVT, and 13 contributing authors.  This is the first book entirely devoted to tele-audiology. It provides practical information for working with clients across the lifespan and for multiple practice settings. Reviewer Dr. Barbara Vento endorses this work as a comprehensive resource on the topic of teleaudiology for both students and aspiring teleaudiologists.
Presentación del monográfico Innovación social, tecnología y Trabajo Social
Authors: Alonso Puelles Andoni , Alonso González David , Arias Astray Andrés
Published: July 2016

Presentación del monográfico Innovación social, tecnología y Trabajo Social
An Ethical Evaluation Methodology for Clinical Cases
Authors: Tambone Vittoradolfo , Ghilardi Giampaolo
Published: July 2016

En el presente artículo se introduce una metodología de evaluación ética de los casos clínicos. Aunque se rechaza el procedimentalismo como sistema, se ha desarrollado un procedimiento que podría llegar a ser formalizado como un diagrama de flujo para ayudar a llevar a cabo una evaluación ética de los casos clínicos. Se aclaran los elementos que constituyen una evaluación ética: el objetivo (la salud del paciente), la integración de interconexiones (acción) y cómo se realiza la acción. Se dejan a un lado las intenciones para centrarse en el objeto de una acción médica; se argumenta que el objetivo interno de una acción clínica tiene un valor moral en sí. El sistema de evaluación tiene en cuenta solamente los objetos y las circunstancias y su moral intrínseca, ya que se trata de la evaluación de un caso clínico, y no de una acción clínica personal y completa
Effects of a Protocol for the Preparation of Oxygen-Moisturizing Chambers on the Count of Its Bacteria Colony
Authors: Alikhani Reyhaneh , Shahriari Mohsen , Mobasherizadeh Sina
Published: July 2016

This study aims to evaluate the effect of the protocol for the preparation of oxygen-moisturizing chamber on the count of its bacteria.

This study is a double- group clinical trial before and after intervention, which was carried out in the neurology ward of an educational hospital in Esfahan from July to December 2015. In this study, 64 oxygen humidifying chambers were studied in terms of number and type of microorganisms in two groups of 32 during three phases, before, immediately after, and 6 hours after its intervention. In order to identify the microorganisms, the samples were cultured on the blood agar and EMB (Eosin Methylene Blue). Then, the routine laboratory methods were used to identify the types of microorganisms. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, chi-square and Friedman statistical tests.

The results showed that before intervention, 71.9% (46/64) of oxygen-moisturizing chambers were contaminated with microorganisms. The extent of microbial contamination was from 0 to 105 CFU. Most of the contamination was with microorganisms such as Lactobacillus spp 23.4% (15/64), Bacillus sp17.2% (11/64), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10.9% (7/64), Coagulase-negative staphylococci 7.8% (5/64), Acinetobacter baumannii 3.1% (2/64), Sphingomonas spp 3.1%(2/64), Escherichia coli 1.6% (1/64), Streptococcus spp 3.1% (2/64), Fungus spp 3.1% (2/64). However, immediately after the intervention and 6 hours after connecting oxygen-moisturizing chamber to the patient, the infection rate was substantially reduced and reached zero (p<0/001).

With regard to the fact that the contamination of oxygen-moisturizing chamber was significantly reduced after the implementation of care protocol, the implementation of this Protocol can be one of the effective measures in reducing the transmission of nosocomial infections.
Investigating Smoking Behavior in Iranian Smokers Based on Transtheoretical Model
Authors: Mansourian Morteza , Qorbani Mostafa , Mehr Babak Rastgari , Shafieyan Zahra , Rezapoor Aziz , Ansari Hossein , Asayesh Hamid , Charkazi Abdurrahman
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: Smoking causes more than 4 million deaths annually in the globe. This study aimed to understand the behavior of smoking in smokers, Ilam, Iran according to the Transtheoretical model.

METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey, 400 smokers and ex-smokers who were enrolled via convenient sampling in 2015 completed a questionnaire based on TTM variables according to Rhode Island University. Gathered data were analyzed using SPSS 18.Alpha level set at 0.05.

RESULTS: According to multiple analyses of variance with the standardized effect size, smoking temptation revealed large effect size (0.14).In General, two higher order processes of changes, cognitive and behavioral processes had significant effect size with 0.17 and 0.13, respectively. Conversely, other Most TTM variables showed low effect size.

CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that except smoking temptation other TTM constructs demonstrated low effect size in Iranian smokers. The findings of the current study are inconsistent with TTM nature.
Tussen Scylla en Charybdis
Authors: Kasdorp Aute
Published: July 2016

Tussen Scylla en Charybdis. Spanningsvelden en taakopvattingen in het licht van schadelijk maar legaal ondernemingsgedrag

Nederlandse toezichthouders worstelen met schadelijk maar legaal ondernemingsgedrag. Dit artikel laat spanningsvelden zien die toezichthouders in dit kader ondervinden, en plaatst dit in een kader van vier mogelijke taakopvattingen. Een dialoog over deze spanningsvelden en taakopvattingen kan de discrepantie verkleinen tussen wat toezichthouders doen en wat de samenleving van hen verwacht.
Evaluación de la respuesta educativa al alumnado de aulas hospitalarias en la provincia de Almería
Authors: Sánchez Palomino Antonio , López Sánchez Damián
Published: July 2016

Con esta investigación, que forma parte de una tesis doctoral en proceso, pretendemos evaluar la respuesta educativa ofrecida al alumnado de las aulas hospitalarias ubicadas en la provincia de Almería (Complejo Hospitalario de Torrecárdenas, Hospital del Poniente y Hospital La Inmaculada). Para ello, hemos utilizado como grupos informantes a los tres colectivos presentes, alumnado, familiares y personal médico-sanitario. Utilizamos como técnica de recogida de información el sistema de encuestas y, como instrumento, los cuestionarios tipo Likert con respuesta múltiple cerrada, cuyos datos han sido posteriormente analizados mediante SPSS. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que se encuentran satisfechos con la respuesta educativa, no sólo en los aspectos curriculares y educativos, sino también con los distintos programas educativos de carácter lúdico que desarrollan los docentes. De otra parte, se confirma la necesidad de implementar programas de formación específica dirigidos al personal médico-sanitario, pues muestran una actitud pasiva y desinteresada hacia el aula hospitalaria.
Estrategias metodológicas para el estudio de la inserción sociolaboral de las personas con discapacidad
Authors: Sánchez Alcoba Antonia , Hernández Pedreño Manuel , Imbernón Fernández-Henarejos Mariano
Published: July 2016

El interés de las ciencias sociales por la discapacidad es relativamente reciente. En la última década se ha generado un aumento de la producción científica que ha contribuido al conocimiento de la propia discapacidad. En aras de mejorar la labor investigadora en materia de discapacidad, el presente trabajo centra su objetivo en el análisis de las metodologías de investigación social más utilizadas para el estudio de los procesos de inserción sociolaboral de la población con discapacidad en España. La metodología seguida ha consistido en la revisión de los estudios existentes en España sobre discapacidad, analizando las características de las técnicas empleadas (cuantitativas y cualitativas), así como los diferentes marcos teóricos utilizados (conceptos de discapacidad y exclusión social). Las principales conclusiones indican un predominio de análisis cualitativos y metodologías mixtas, un enfoque multidimensional y un modelo bio-psicosocial de la discapacidad con una leve tendencia hacia una plena ciudadanía.
The phenological phases of flowering and pollen seasons of spring flowering tree taxa against a background of meteorological conditions in Kraków, Poland
Authors: Stępalska Danuta , Myszkowska Dorota , Piotrowicz Katarzyna , Kasprzyk Idalia
Published: July 2016

The aim of the study was to compare phenological observations of pollen seasons of selected early spring trees. Special attention was paid to meteorological conditions which favored or did not favor tree flowering and pollen release. For this reason, we used phenological observation, pollen counts, and meteorological data in five sites in the center of Kraków in the period 2009–2011. Phenological phases (5) of four tree species: Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana, Corylus avellana, and Betula pendula, were analyzed. It was found that in case of A. glutinosa the pollen season often preceded the flowering period, while for A. incana those two phenomena were more correlated. As regards Corylus avellana, the beginning of the pollen season and phenological phases was simultaneous. However, pollen grains occurred in the air longer, even by a dozen or so days. The phenological phases and pollen seasons of Alnus and Corylus were dependent on meteorological conditions. To give the definition of the relationship between pollen concentration and weather conditions, Spearman rank correlation analysis was applied. High Alnus and Corylus pollen concentrations were found on sunny days with a maximum temperature over 10°C and no precipitation, and when the snow cover was gone. In case of Betula, the phenological phases of the full pollination period usually coincided with the periods of high pollen concentrations. However, Betula pollen sometimes appears earlier and stays in the air longer than the flowering period of local trees in the nearest vicinity. This situation indicates long-distance transport or secondary deposition.
Onésimo: um personagem silencioso no Bilhete a Filêmon?
Authors: Ferreira Joel Antônio
Published: July 2016

Pelos Métodos bíblicos tradicionais (Histórico-Crítico e Crítico-Literário) já se estudou o Bilhete a Filêmon, aprofundando o protagonista Paulo dentro dos modos de produção escravagista romano. Com este artigo atual que usufrui o Método Sociológico pelo Modelo Conflitual/Contradição, a proposta é olhar o mesmo Bilhete a Filêmon, a partir de alguém que foi silenciado no texto original. Como este tipo de Leitura procura detectar as assimetrias, olhar o texto com «suspeição» e dar voz e espaço aos que estão na «margem», o protagonista passa a ser aquele que estava abaixo da pirâmide romana: Onésimo, o escravo. A hipótese deste artigo é que, na prisão, o escravo Onésimo passou do estado da passividade para se tornar um questionador da prática de Paulo. O Apóstolo, então, na crueza da cadeia, sentiu-se tocado. Sua práxis, agora, concretizou-se na luta pela liberdade do escravo. Onésimo teria transformado a conversão de Paulo. Com essa leitura, descobre-se Jesus Cristo na carne do escravo.
Jednodetnosť: pre a proti
Authors: Popper Miroslav
Published: July 2016

V príspevku sú analyzované vybrané dáta týkajúce sa protichodných názorov na optimálny počet detí v súčasnej rodine v kontexte existenčnej neistoty. Údaje boli získané v rámci širšieho kvalitatívneho výskumu zameraného na rodičovstvo a reprodukciu. Vzorka pozostáva z 18 fókusových skupín, ktoré sa uskutočnili v troch regiónoch Slovenska – západnom strednom a východnom. V každom regióne prebehlo šesť fókusových diskusií, z ktorých tri sa realizovali s ekonomicky lepšie a tri s ekonomicky horšie situovanými rodičmi. V rovnakom pomere sa skupiny delili aj podľa počtu detí (polovica jednodetných a polovica dvojdetných skupín). V jednotlivých fókusových skupinách bolo takmer vždy rovnomerné zastúpenie mužov a žien.  Výsledky poukazujú na to, že rodičia s jedným dieťaťom sú rodičmi s dvoma deťmi pomerne schematicky kritizovaní kvôli  mamonu, materializmu a karierizmu, ako aj sebeckosti a nezodpovednosti. Jednodetní rodičia však uvádzajú pestrejšiu škálu dôvodov, pre ktoré majú len jedno dieťa. Medzi nimi dominujú  neistota na trhu práce, strach z prepustenia, nedostatok financií na splácanie hypoték a tiež snaha udržať si určitý životný štandard. Vo všeobecnosti jednodetní rodičia nemajú pocit, že sú sebeckí, ale naopak, považujú svoje rozhodnutie za zodpovedné vzhľadom na súčasnú situáciu charakterizovanú vysokou mierou nezamestnanosti.
Primary Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Ureter: A Short Review
Authors: Acosta Andres M. , Kajdacsy-Balla Andre
Published: July 2016

Neuroendocrine tumors represent 0.05% of urinary tract malignancies, and most originate in the bladder. Their pathogenesis is debated, since ureters are thought to lack neuroendocrine cells. Morphologically, most ureteral neuroendocrine tumors demonstrate the typical small cell neuroendocrine appearance, are immunohistochemically positive for synaptophysin/chromogranin A/CD56, and show electron-dense granules by electron microscopy. Clinical presentation is similar to that of other more common ureteral neoplasms. Prognosis is usually dismal, but a multimodal treatment approach including platinum-based adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy seems to be beneficial.
Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Smooth Muscle Tumor
Authors: Dekate Jyoti , Chetty Runjan
Published: July 2016

Immunodeficient individuals are prone to develop a number of opportunistic infections and unique neoplasms. Epstein-Barr virus–associated smooth muscle tumor is an uncommon neoplasm associated with immunodeficiency. It has been described in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, in the posttransplant setting, and in those with congenital immunodeficiency. Different anatomic sites can be involved by Epstein-Barr virus–associated smooth muscle tumor, and even multiple locations can contain these unique lesions within the same patient. The presence of variable numbers of intratumoral lymphocytes and primitive round cell areas are the unique defining features for this tumor. Histopathologic features may vary considerably in terms of cellular atypia, mitotic activity, and necrosis, with no correlation to the clinical behavior. Demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus infection by in situ hybridization within tumor cell remains critical for the diagnosis. The mechanism for Epstein-Barr virus infection of progenitor cells and neoplastic transformation has been an area of interest and conjecture. Different treatment strategies are proposed according to underlying disease status. This paper reviews the clinicopathologic features of this uncommon neoplasm with detailed discussion of the role of Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis.
Small Glandular Proliferations of the Breast With Absent or Attenuated Myoepithelial Reactivity by Immunohistochemistry: A Review Focusing on the Differential Diagnosis and Interpretative Pitfalls
Authors: Ginter Paula S. , Shin Sandra J. , D'Alfonso Timothy M.
Published: July 2016

Context.—Small glandular proliferations of the breast encompass a variety of benign, atypical, and malignant lesions that show some overlapping morphologic features. Myoepithelial stains are frequently used in the workup of these lesions in order to rule out or establish a diagnosis of invasive carcinoma. Some benign lesions show absent or diminished myoepithelial staining, and may represent an interpretative pitfall, particularly in small core biopsy samples.

Objective.—To review small glandular proliferations of the breast that show absent or diminished staining with myoepithelial immunohistochemical markers.

Data Sources.—The study comprised a review of published literature and clinical case material.

Conclusions.—The interpretation of myoepithelial stains in small glandular proliferations of the breast can, on some occasions, represent a challenge in diagnosing these lesions. Recognition of the key histopathologic features and immunohistochemical staining patterns of the entities in the differential diagnosis is crucial in their workup.
MORFOLOGIA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES E GERMINAÇÃO DE Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz, comb. Nov
Authors: Mendonça Andrea Vita Reis , Freitas Teresa Aparecida Soares de , Souza Leonardo Silva , Fonseca Mariana Duarte Silva , Souza Josival Santos
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os caracteres morfológicos dos frutos, sementes e plântulas, caracterizar o processo de germinação e verificar se a posição da semente no fruto interfere na germinação de sementes de Poincianella pyramidalis. Os frutos foram coletados de cinco árvores-matrizes em propriedade rural situada no município de Castro Alves - BA - Brasil em área próxima a remanescentes de Caatinga sensu stricto e Floresta Estacional. O fruto de Poincianella pyramidalis é do tipo legume, polispérmico, deiscente, medindo, em média, 9,4±0,08 cm de comprimento, podendo conter até 8 sementes por fruto, sendo o número médio de sementes, aparentemente viáveis, por 100 frutos de 280±29,8. A semente é elipsoide de cor castanho-amarelada e superfície lisa, polida e dura, sendo provida de testa e tegma, com comprimento de 1,25 ± 0,004 cm. O embrião é axial, invaginado e reto e não foi verificada presença de endosperma. O peso de 1000 sementes foi de 106,8 ± 12,4 g. A germinação é epígea fanerocotiledonar, teve início no terceiro dia após a semeadura e a formação completa da plântula foi verificada no nono dia. A produção de sementes de Poincianella pyramidalis na posição proximal é inferior em relação às demais posições. O percentual de germinação é influenciado pela posição da semente no fruto, sementes na posição distal apresentam germinação inferior às sementes das demais posições.
EFICIÊNCIA DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO EM MUDAS DE ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS NATIVAS PRODUZIDAS EM TUBETES
Authors: Thebaldi Michael Silveira , Lima Luiz Antonio , Silva Antonio Carlos da , Colares Matheus de Figueiredo Braga , Lima Pedro Luiz Terra
Published: July 2016

A baixa qualidade de mudas pode advir de problemas na irrigação e/ou nutrição das mudas em sua fase de formação em viveiros.  Em relação à irrigação, problemas podem surgir referentes à má distribuição da água ou mesmo seu manejo, levando ao deficit ou ao excesso de irrigação, enquanto o excesso pode lixiviar nutrientes, o deficit pode prejudicar o desenvolvimento da planta. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a eficiência de irrigação de um sistema de irrigação por microaspersão já instalado em um viveiro de mudas de espécies florestais e também avaliar a eficiência de um sistema de subirrigação de mudas florestais nativas cultivadas em tubetes. A avaliação da eficiência da microaspersão foi realizada em um viveiro de mudas de espécies nativas florestais na cidade de Itutinga - MG, o delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, estando o equipamento de irrigação na parcela (três níveis: MA-20, Rondo e Inverted Rotor Spray) e três espécies florestais na subparcela. Na avaliação de eficiência em tubetes de 300 cm³, as categorias da subparcela foram: araucária (Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze.), jerivá (Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman) e cutieira (Joannesia princeps Vell.). Em tubetes de 110 cm³ os três níveis da subparcela foram as espécies: mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.), angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera macrocarpa Benth.) e peroba-rosa (Aspidosperma polyneuron Muell.). A avaliação da eficiência da subirrigação foi realizada em uma estufa localizada na Universidade Federal de Lavras, em dois tanques de subirrigação em três repetições. As maiores eficiências de aplicação foram obtidas para o emissor modelo MA-20. Não houve diferenças significativas entre a eficiência de aplicação dos microaspersores em relação às espécies estudadas, em ambos os tubetes. A eficiência de irrigação no tanque de tubetes de 300 cm³ foi 90,42%, enquanto para tubetes de 110 cm³ foi 92,17%. Os tanques de subirrigação mostraram-se como alternativa interessante para irrigação de mudas das espécies florestais testadas, apresentando alta eficiência para os dois tamanhos de tubetes avaliados.
GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES E EMERGÊNCIA DE PLÂNTULAS DE Luehea divaricata Mart. et. Zucc. EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS
Authors: Dutra Adriana Falcão , Araujo Maristela Machado , Rorato Daniele Guarienti , Mieth Patricia
Published: July 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes substratos na germinação de sementes e emergência de plântulas de Luehea divaricata. O estudo foi realizado no Viveiro Florestal, DCFL, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - RS. Os frutos foram coletados de oito árvores matrizes, no Morro do Cerrito, Santa Maria, em julho de 2008. Após o beneficiamento, as sementes permaneceram armazenadas em câmara fria, dentro de sacos de papel, por 4 meses, para o estudo de emergência de plântulas, e por 7 meses para a avaliação da germinação de sementes. Foram avaliados cinco substratos para germinação (T1: Rolo de papel; T2: Sobre papel mata-borrão; T3: Entre papel mata-borrão; T4: Sobre areia; T5: Sobre vermiculita) com quatro repetições, e quatro tratamentos para emergência (T1: 100% turfa; T2: 80% turfa e 20% casca de arroz carbonizada; T3: 60% turfa e 40% casca de arroz carbonizada; T4: 40% turfa e 60% casca de arroz carbonizada) com cinco repetições. Foi utilizado delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Foram analisadas as variáveis germinação (G), índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e tempo médio de germinação (TMG) em laboratório e, para emergência, foi analisado o percentual de emergência (E), índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE) e tempo médio de emergência (TME) em viveiro. O início da germinação ocorreu no 6° dia, podendo a primeira contagem ser realizada aos 18 dias e as avaliações serem encerradas aos 35 dias após a instalação do experimento. Além disso, o substrato sobre vermiculita (T5) apresentou os percentuais mais altos de G e IVG, correspondendo a 42% e 0,678, respectivamente, enquanto que o T2 apresentou o menor TMG (14,80 dias). A emergência de plântulas teve início aos 21 dias após a semeadura, sendo finalizada aos 70 dias. Os tratamentos T1 e T2 apresentaram os maiores valores de E, 84,37%, 91,87%, respectivamente, diferindo estatisticamente de T3 e T4. Além disso, o tratamento T2 também apresentou os melhores valores de IVE (0,98) e TME (33,54 dias). Portanto, para germinação de sementes é indicado o substrato sobre vermiculita, e para emergência de plântulas, o substrato composto pela mistura de 80% turfa e 20% casca de arroz carbonizada.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS E DA RELAÇÃO SIRINGIL/GUAIACIL DA MADEIRA DE EUCALIPTO NA PRODUÇÃO DE CARVÃO VEGETAL
Authors: Santos Rosimeire Cavalcante dos , Carneiro Angélica de Cássia Oliveira , Vital Benedito Rocha , Castro Renato Vinícius Oliveira , Vidaurre Graziela Baptista , Trugilho Paulo Fernando , Castro Ana Flávia Neves Mendes
Published: July 2016

O trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a influência das propriedades químicas (composição elementar, teores de extrativos totais, lignina total e holocelulose) e relação siringil/guaiacil, da madeira de diferentes materiais genéticos de eucalipto na produção de carvão vegetal. Utilizaram-se na pesquisa quatro clones híbridos de Eucalyptus, aos 7 anos de idade, sendo 6 árvores por clone, totalizando 24 unidades amostrais. Houve diferença significativa, a 5% de significância, entre os tratamentos para a composição elementar, teores de extrativos totais, lignina total e holocelulose e relação siringil/guaiacil da madeira, como também, para os rendimentos gravimétricos em carvão vegetal, em gases condensáveis e em gases não condensáveis, teores de carbono fixo e de materiais voláteis e para o poder calorífico superior do carvão vegetal. Para o teor de cinzas e densidade relativa aparente do carvão não foram observadas diferenças significativas ao mesmo nível de significância. Concluiu-se que existe variabilidade na qualidade da madeira dos quatro materiais genéticos avaliados, tendo, os mesmos, correlações distintas, tanto no rendimento quanto na qualidade do carvão vegetal. Todos os materiais genéticos apresentaram, de modo satisfatório, rendimento gravimétrico em carvão vegetal e qualidade. As madeiras dos clones com baixa relação siringil/guaiacil apresentaram aumento no rendimento em carvão vegetal. A composição química das madeiras dos quatro clones, de modo geral, não apresentou correlações significativas, a 5% de significância, no rendimento e qualidade do carvão.
ON BIVARIATE EXPONENTIATED EXTENDED WEIBULL FAMILY OF DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Roozegar Rasool , Jafari Ali Akbar
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we introduce a new class of distributions by compounding the exponentiated extended Weibull family and power series family. This distribution contains several lifetime models such as the complementary extended Weibull-power series, generalized exponential-power series, generalized linear failure rate-power series, exponentiated Weibull-power series, generalized modifiedWeibull-power series, generalized Gompertz-power series and exponentiated extendedWeibull distributions as special cases. We obtain several properties of this new class of distributions such as Shannon entropy, mean residual life, hazard rate function, quantiles and moments. The maximum likelihood estimation procedure via a EM-algorithm is presented.
Diphtheria and the respiratory system: Lessons from 2015 Outbreak
Authors: Annamalai Medeshni
Published: July 2016

 

South Africa experienced a diphtheria outbreak in KwaZulu-Natal Province between March and August 2015. Diphtheria is a contagious and potentially life-threatening bacterial disease caused by the toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. 
New Maritime Alliances and Competition in a New Economic Environment
Authors: González-Laxe Fernando , Novo-Corti Isabel , Pociovalisteanu Diana Mihaela
Published: July 2016

The recent creation of transport and information networks opens up two new and outstanding options: the interconnection of the economic areas and a new mediation between offer and demand in shipping. In this document the different ways of organization adopted by shipping companies were reviewed; their agreements, alliances, mergers and acquisitions, so as to determine the different levels of hierarchy among them. Secondly, a new port classification was proposed in accordance with the structure and development of shipping companies, together with the degree of port specialization within the framework of the recent spatial integration.
Linking microearthquakes to fracture permeability change: The role of surface roughness
Authors: Ishibashi Takuya , Watanabe Noriaki , Asanuma Hiroshi , Tsuchiya Noriyoshi
Published: July 2016

Despite its importance, the relation between microearthquakes (MEQs) and changes in hydraulic properties during hydraulic stimulation of a fractured reservoir has rarely been explored, and it is still not well understood. To investigate this relation, we first formulate a plausible scale dependence, where fracture length and shear displacement are variables, for channeling flow through heterogeneous aperture distributions for joints and faults. By combining this formulation with the concept of the seismic moment, we derive quantitative relations between the moment magnitude (Mw) of MEQs and the fracture permeability change in the directions orthogonal to (kfault,⊥/kjoint) and parallel to (kfault,∥/kjoint) the shear displacement, in the form
and
. Despite the simplicity of the derivation, these relations have the potential to explain the results of field experiments on hydraulic stimulation, such as the enhanced geothermal systems at Soultz‐sous‐Fôret and Basel.
The effects of Antarctic iceberg calving‐size distribution in a global climate model
Authors: Stern A. A. , Adcroft A. , Sergienko O.
Published: July 2016

Icebergs calved from the Antarctic continent act as moving sources of freshwater while drifting in the Southern Ocean. The lifespan of these icebergs strongly depends on their original size during calving. In order to investigate the effects (if any) of the calving size of icebergs on the Southern Ocean, we use a coupled general circulation model with an iceberg component. Iceberg calving length is varied from 62 m up to 2.3 km, which is the typical range used in climate models. Results show that increasing the size of calving icebergs leads to an increase in the westward iceberg freshwater transport around Antarctica. In simulations using larger icebergs, the reduced availability of meltwater in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas suppresses the sea‐ice growth in the region. In contrast, the increased iceberg freshwater transport leads to increased sea‐ice growth around much of the East Antarctic coastline. These results suggest that the absence of large tabular icebergs with horizontal extent of tens of kilometers in climate models may introduces systematic biases in sea‐ice formation, ocean temperatures, and salinities around Antarctica.
Stability of grassland soil C and N pools despite 25 years of an extreme climatic and disturbance regime
Authors: Wilcox Kevin R. , Blair John M. , Knapp Alan K.
Published: July 2016

Global changes are altering many important drivers of ecosystem functioning, with precipitation amount and disturbance frequency being especially important. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools are key contemporary attributes of ecosystems that can also influence future C uptake via plant growth. Thus, understanding the impacts of altered precipitation amounts (through controls of primary production inputs) and disturbance regimes (through losses of C and N in biomass) is important to project how ecosystem services will respond to future global changes. A major difficulty inherent within this task is that drivers of ecosystem function and processes often interact, resulting in novel ecosystem responses. To examine how changes in precipitation affect grassland ecosystem responses under a frequent disturbance regime (annual fire), we assessed the biogeochemical and ecological consequences of more than two decades of irrigation in an annually burned mesic grassland in the central United States. In this experiment, precipitation amount was increased by 31% relative to ambient and 1 in 3 years were statistically extreme relative to the long‐term historical record. Despite evidence that irrigation decreased root:shoot ratios and increased rates of N cycling—each expected to reduce soil C and N with annual burning—we detected no changes in these biogeochemical pools. This surprising biogeochemical resistance highlights the need to explore additional mechanisms within long‐term experiments concerning the consequences of global change impacts on ecosystems.
Coupling spectral‐bin cloud microphysics with the MOSAIC aerosol model in WRF‐Chem: Methodology and results for marine stratocumulus clouds
Authors: Gao Wenhua , Fan Jiwen , Easter R. C. , Yang Qing , Zhao Chun , Ghan Steven J.
Published: July 2016

Aerosol‐cloud interaction processes can be represented more physically with bin cloud microphysics relative to bulk microphysical parameterizations. However, due to computational power limitations in the past, bin cloud microphysics was often run with very simple aerosol treatments. The purpose of this study is to represent better aerosol‐cloud interaction processes in the Chemistry version of Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF‐Chem) at convection‐permitting scales by coupling spectral‐bin cloud microphysics (SBM) with the MOSAIC sectional aerosol model. A flexible interface is built that exchanges cloud and aerosol information between them. The interface contains a new bin aerosol activation approach, which replaces the treatments in the original SBM. It also includes the modified aerosol resuspension and in‐cloud wet removal processes with the droplet loss tendencies and precipitation fluxes from SBM. The newly coupled system is evaluated for two marine stratocumulus cases over the Southeast Pacific Ocean with either a simplified aerosol setup or full‐chemistry. We compare the aerosol activation process in the newly coupled SBM‐MOSAIC against the SBM simulation without chemistry using a simplified aerosol setup, and the results show consistent activation rates. A longer time simulation reinforces that aerosol resuspension through cloud drop evaporation plays an important role in replenishing aerosols and impacts cloud and precipitation in marine stratocumulus clouds. Evaluation of the coupled SBM‐MOSAIC with full‐chemistry using aircraft measurements suggests that the new model works realistically for the marine stratocumulus clouds, and improves the simulation of cloud microphysical properties compared to a simulation using MOSAIC coupled with the Morrison two‐moment microphysics.