bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical behaviour and structural characterization of human fascia lata
Authors: Szotek Sylwia , Dawidowicz Joanna , Maksymowicz Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The fascia lata is a key structure determining the physiological functioning of knee and thigh muscles. At the same time it assures mechanical protection of the tissues situated beneath. This study aimed to clarify the comprehensive mechanical properties and microscopic structure of human fascia lata to understand its mechanical behaviour better.

Methods

The pathologically unchanged fascia lata used in this study were collected post-mortem from adult males of different age. The mechanical properties of the samples were determined under the uniaxial tensile test in two directions (longitudinal and transverse to collagen bundles arrangement). The structure observations were performed using a light and scanning electron microscope.

Results

The mechanical tests have shown the anisotropic properties of the examined tissue. The values of the particular mechanical parameters were determined. The maximum failure force, stiffness coefficient, tensile strength, and Young's modulus values were higher for longitudinal than transversal samples. Before the uniaxial tensile test, the collagen bundles within each layer of examined samples were aligned parallel to each other, showing a regular, wavy architecture (crisped pattern). The elastin fibres within these layers were much less numerous than collagen fibres. The applied mechanical forces disrupted the intact, regular collagen pattern, making the majority of collagen bundles loosely and irregularly oriented.

Conclusions

Knowledge of the mechanical and structural properties of the human fascia lata is an important issue in the context of clinical applications, tissue engineering as well as numerical modelling.
A new index for evaluating pedaling skill calculated from the pedaling efficiency index under gradually increasing load
Authors: Kitawaki Tomoki , Fukuda Masahiro
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Measuring the pedal force vector during bicycle pedaling has recently become easy, and research has been conducted using mechanical efficiency (the ratio of an effective driving force to total pedaling force); however, the relationships between these forces were not considered. This study aimed to show that the relationship between these forces can be linearly regressed under gradually increasing load conditions and propose that the slope parameter can serve as a new index for evaluating pedaling skills.

Methods

Twenty-eight participants performed the experiment in which the load was increased every minute until the maximum load was exerted. Using sensors installed on both bicycle cranks, the pedaling force vector was divided into tangential and radial components to determine the total pedaling and effective driving forces per minute. The maximum load force and efficiency index were calculated.

Results

The results showed a strong linear relationship (coefficient of determination: 0.982, 95 % CI 0.909–0.996) between the total pedaling and effective driving force. The slope parameters from this regression exhibited significant correlations (-0.560 and -0.674) with the maximum load force and efficiency index during maximum exertion, respectively. These correlations highlight the slope parameter potential for capturing pedaling characteristics.

Conclusions

Conclusively, the slope parameter derived from the linear regression between the total pedaling force and effective driving force reflects individual pedaling characteristics. This parameter stands out as a promising new index for evaluating pedaling motion, offering insights into participant-specific pedaling behaviors. Consequently, this novel index could be instrumental in assessing and analyzing pedaling skills.
Hybrid Festival Visitors Experience Using the Event Experience Theory in the Post Covid Era
Authors: Marinakou Evangelia (Lia) , Mathew Ann
Published: January 2025

The festival events sector has undergone a significant transformation with the rise of hybrid events, which blend physical and virtual components. This evolution has been notable since the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitated innovative approaches to event organisation. The pandemic acted as a catalyst for the widespread adoption of hybrid events, reshaping the industry landscape and setting new standards for attendee engagement and experience. Structured interviews were conducted with 105 attendees from two major festivals. These interviews were designed based on the Event Experience Theory (EET), which provides a framework for understanding the dimensions of event experiences, including sensory perception, emotional engagement, cognitive involvement, and social interactions. The findings of this study contribute to the conceptualization of hybrid events experience. From a managerial perspective, research findings inform event organisers on effectively navigating the landscape of hybrid events with the aim to ensure event viability and attendees’ satisfaction.
Faktor Sosial dan Psikologis Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Bahasa Arab : Studi Kasus pada Santri Kelas 4 Intensif Pondok Modern Daarul Hikmah Tangerang Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024
Authors: Salamah Ummu , Sholihah Imroatus , Royani Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Penilitian ini mengkaji faktor sosial dan faktor psikologis terhadap kemampuan berbicara bahasa Arab. Objek penelitian ini adalah santri kelas 4 Intensif Pondok Modern Daarul Hikmah Tangerang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh faktor sosial dan psikologis terhadap kemampuan berbicara bahasa Arab. Metode pada penelitian menggunakan Studi Kasus dengan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data; observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari analiss data menyatakan terdapat adanya hubungan antara faktor sosial dan psikologis terhadap kemampuan berbicara Bahasa Arab.
This research examines social and psychological factors on the ability to speak Arabic. The object of this research is the 4th grade students of the Intensive Pondok Modern Daarul Hikmah Tangerang. The aim of this research is to find out how social and psychological factors influence the ability to speak Arabic. The research method uses case studies with qualitative descriptive research, with data collection techniques; observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of data analysis state that there is a relationship between social and psychological factors on the ability to speak Arabic.
Antibiotic Prescribing Regimen and Resistance Awareness Among Eastern Libyan Dentists
Authors: Al-gadhy Ranya , Rabee Asmaa
Published: January 2025

Background: The frequent use of antibiotics in dentistry for prophylaxis and treatment has contributed to a significant global public health issue: antibiotic resistance.
Aim: This research aims to evaluate the patterns in the prescription of antibiotics and their prophylactic usage in treating systemic conditions. Additionally, it investigates the awareness as well as adherence to guidelines for antibiotic prescription, as well as the awareness of antibiotic resistance among dentists with advanced degrees and postgraduate (AD) qualifications, and those with bachelor’s Degrees (BD) in the eastern region of Libya. 
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a questionnaire to gather data from a representative sample of 130 Libyan dentists in the eastern region (including Benghazi, Almarj, Albayda, Derna and Tobruk cities).
Results: Most of the antibiotics prescribed by dentists were amoxicillin with clavulanic acid followed by amoxicillin alone, and both participant groups were adherent to the recommendations for prescribing antibiotics with statistically significant variation between the two groups.
Conclusion: This study revealed a tendency to overprescribe and utilize antibiotics for particular dental diseases. The majority of dentists were aware of resistance to antibiotics and adhering to the antibiotic prescription guidelines, the participants acknowledged the recommended use of antibiotics as a preventive strategy for systemic conditions.
Design of Power Economic Dispatch Method Integrating Differential Evolution and PSO
Authors: Zeng Jingwei
Published: January 2025

As energy demand continues to grow and environmental problems become increasingly serious, optimizing the economic dispatch of the power system is crucial to ensuring the sustainability and economic benefits of energy supply. To ensure the safe operation of the power system, reduce power generation costs as much as possible, and develop a method that can adapt to the needs of different power systems, the experiment combines the differential evolution algorithm with the power economic dispatch problem and proposes a method based on improved differential evolution. Electric power economic dispatch method with particle swarm optimization algorithm. The experiment first introduces a moderate interference strategy to appropriately adjust the position of the particles; then combines the local mutation strategy to enhance the searchability of the differential evolution algorithm in the solution space and achieve good economic dispatch. The results show that when running on the F11 test set and F21 test set, when the system iterates to the 26th and 32nd times respectively, the loss function of the method constructed in the experiment begins to have a minimum value and remains stable thereafter. In addition, on the F11 test set, when the number of iterations is 150, this method has a minimum time of 0.153s. While running the loop for the first time on System 1, the total cost of this approach was only $1.01× 104. Through the actual operation of power generation equipment, under the operation of this method, the power system can ensure optimal operating power of each power generation equipment unit based on ensuring optimal cost. It can be seen from the above results that this method provides power system operators and decision-makers with a new tool to help them maximize cost-effectiveness while ensuring system stability and meeting power demand. In addition, the method's superior convergence and stability can effectively improve the solution's accuracy and speed and has strong practicality and promotion value.
José María Beneyto y Carlos Jiménez Piernas (Dirs.), Sandra Galimberti Díaz-Faes (Coord.), Derecho de los Tratados, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2023, 675 pp.
Authors: Crespo Navarro Elena
Published: January 2025

Reseña: José María Beneyto y Carlos Jiménez Piernas (Dirs.), Sandra Galimberti Díaz-Faes (Coord.), Derecho de los Tratados, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia 2023, 675 pp.
La Importancia de las Habilidades de Lectoescritura en el Desarrollo Académico y Personal
Authors: Bravo Mendoza Janet Joconda , Guerron Nieto Carmen Leonor , Cerna Miño Mayra Mayensi , Buenaño Tobar Adriana Verónica , Rodríguez Bosquez Jenny Susana
Published: January 2025

El desarrollo de habilidades de lectoescritura es fundamental para el crecimiento académico y personal de los estudiantes, ya que no solo influye en su rendimiento académico, sino también en su capacidad de interactuar eficazmente en diversos contextos sociales. Sin embargo, factores como la falta de hábitos de lectura, metodologías tradicionales y una formación insuficiente en lengua y literatura dificultan este proceso. Para abordar estas deficiencias, se han propuesto metodologías innovadoras como el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP), el aprendizaje colaborativo y el uso de tecnologías interactivas, que han mostrado ser efectivas para mejorar las competencias de lectoescritura. La investigación se basa en un enfoque cuantitativo y descriptivo, utilizando una encuesta estructurada para evaluar las habilidades de lectoescritura de estudiantes de Educación Básica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, aunque la mayoría de los estudiantes lee al menos una vez por semana, solo una pequeña proporción lo hace diariamente. Este hallazgo sugiere que, aunque la lectura extracurricular es común, existe un margen para promover hábitos de lectura más constantes, fundamentales para desarrollar habilidades lectoras. En cuanto a la comprensión lectora, una parte significativa de los estudiantes percibe su nivel como "regular", lo que indica la necesidad de mejorar esta habilidad mediante estrategias pedagógicas como el análisis crítico de textos. En relación con la escritura, más del 66% de los estudiantes se sienten cómodos, aunque el 33% restante enfrenta dificultades, lo que resalta la importancia de talleres creativos para aumentar la confianza en la redacción. Finalmente, aunque la tecnología es vista como un recurso útil, su impacto aún se percibe limitado por algunos, lo que sugiere la necesidad de una implementación más adecuada y contextualizada.
Evaluasi Keselamatan Kerja Loading Unloading Container pada PT.X Menggunakan Metode Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Authors: Felicia Gledys Dhitasiri Go  , Andivas Marulan , Kisanjani Alex , Ismail Kurnia Wahyu
Published: January 2025

The petroleum industry in Indonesia has a high risk of work accidents, such as loading and unloading activities. PT X is a company that focuses on the oil and gas industry. This study aims to evaluate work safety in loading and unloading oil containers at PT X using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method. This activity has a high risk that can result in work accidents, such as falling and being pinched. The JSA method is used to identify the hazards associated with each work step and provide a risk assessment. The results showed that five potentials hazard could be identified with categorized high risk, and one potential hazard with very high risk. Most of these risks are caused by human error. Recommended control measures include the use of complete Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and compliance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). With the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures, it is expected that work safety can be improved, thereby reducing the likelihood of incidents that endanger workers.
Design and Implementation of the Marsh Climate Monitoring System Using the Internet of Things
Authors: H. Jbarah Falah , M. Al-Mashhadi Haider , Naderan Tahan Marjan
Published: January 2025

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a major enabler for sustainable development and has begun to have an impact on society as a whole. Marshes are significant ecosystems for the environment that are essential to biodiversity support and ecological equilibrium. However, environmental changes and human activity are posing an increasing threat to these fragile ecosystems. An Internet of Things (IoT)-based marsh monitoring system was created and put into operation to gather data in real-time on a variety of environmental factors, such as wind speed, CO2 and hydrogen levels, temperature, humidity, voltage, and current. The system makes use of a network of sensors spread out throughout the marsh, which may promote sustainable development, send data to a central node for processing before sending it to a platform hosted in the cloud. After that, an interactive online application is used to visualize the data, giving stakeholders important information about the condition and health of the marsh. Because the suggested system makes it possible to monitor and manage marsh ecosystems effectively, it may promote sustainable development.
Policondrite recivivante e a dificuldade de diagnóstigo
Authors: Mendonça Ana Clara Rodrigues , Dias Amanda Ribeiro , Sousa Ana Patrícia Miranda de , Ribeiro Aline Luiza
Published: January 2025

A policondrite recidivante (PR) é uma doença inflamatória rara e crônica, caracterizada pela inflamação recorrente da cartilagem, afetando principalmente articulações, ouvidos e vias respiratórias. O diagnóstico é desafiador, pois seus sintomas podem ser confundidos com outras condições autoimunes. A apresentação clínica é variável, incluindo dores articulares, perda auditiva, erupções cutâneas e dificuldades respiratórias. O tratamento da PR envolve o uso de medicamentos imunossupressores, como corticosteroides e, em casos mais graves, metotrexato e ciclofosfamida. Terapias biológicas também têm sido empregadas com sucesso. Este relato de experiência discute o caso de um paciente com diagnóstico prévio de asma grave refratária, que após investigação, foi diagnosticado com policondrite recidivante. O paciente apresentou sintomas persistentes, como tosse, dificuldade respiratória e alteração no nariz, que levou à mudança diagnóstica. Foi iniciado tratamento com pulsoterapia e medicamentos imunossupressores, resultando em melhora clínica. O relato destaca a importância do diagnóstico precoce, acompanhamento multidisciplinar e tratamento personalizado, evidenciando os desafios no manejo da doença, a necessidade de monitoramento rigoroso e a relevância da educação do paciente para adesão ao tratamento e melhoria da qualidade de vida.
Cancer Data, Case Increase Rates and Future Prospects in the Northeastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye, a Special Region for Gastric and Esophageal Cancers in 2018-2023
Authors: Çağlar Alperen Akansel , Turhan Aykut , Çoban Eşdur Pınar , Soylu Yasin Emrah , Bilici Mehmet , Tekin Salim Başol
Published: January 2025

Aim: Cancer is a major cause of death. Globocan data shows 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million cancer deaths a year. Lung cancer is the most common cancer globally, followed by breast, colorectal, prostate and stomach cancers. Cancer types vary by age, gender, race, and region. Documenting regional cancer data is crucial for screening, early diagnosis, and treatment of common cancers, as well as understanding the underlying causes. Despite the high incidence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in eastern Türkiye, there is little documented evidence on specific cancer types in these regions.
Material and Method: In order to investigate the incidence of cancer in our region, the medical records of 6,603 patients diagnosed with cancer and subsequently treated in our clinic between 2018 and 2023 were analysed and specific cancer sites were recorded.
Results: It has been demonstrated that cancers of the upper GI tract, represent the most prevalent cancer site, accounting for 21.2% (n=1403) of all cases. This equates to one in every five patients diagnosed with cancer. Additionally, significant findings were yielded with respect to other forms of cancer.
Conclusion: It is imperative to document these data to highlight the necessity for investigating and preventing the underlying causes of upper GI cancer in our region. Furthermore, the establishment of screening programs for early diagnosis and intensified research on treatment modalities are crucial steps in combating this disease.
A Morphometric Examination of The Orbita Structure in Schizophrenia Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Keser Sinem , Yıldız Sevler , Emre Elif
Published: January 2025

Aim: To compare the orbita anthropometric measurement values of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia with those of a healthy control group.
Material and Method: The study included 156 participants as 75 schizophrenia patients and 81 healthy control subjects, all with previous cranial computed tomography imaging. The orbita morphometric values were calculated of all the participants. Statistical comparisons were made between the groups of the mean values of the measurements. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the conformity of continuous variables to normal distribution. Paired groups were compared with the Student’s t-test.
Results: Statistically significantly higher left orbita height was determined in the schizophrenia patient group compared to the control group (p=0.001), and the values of the right orbita lateral wall length (p=0.042), left lateral wall length (p=0.033), and left medial wall length (p=0.014) were statisically significantly lower. Female schizophrenia patients were found to have significantly lower values of right orbita height (p=0.031), right orbita width (p=0.022), left orbita height (p=0.007), left orbita width (p=0.002), right orbita area (p
The Impact of Clinical Rotation in Addiction Treatment Centers (AMATEM) on Attitudes and Behaviors of Psychiatry Residents Toward Individuals with Addiction
Authors: Danışman Mustafa , Zengin İspir Gamze , Sezer Katar Kübra
Published: January 2025

Aim: Psychiatry residents often feel unprepared and may exhibit negative attitudes toward individuals with substance use disorders, which can undermine treatment access and outcomes. This study examined the impact of a three-month Alcohol and Drug Treatment Center (AMATEM) rotation on residents’ attitudes and explored factors influencing these attitudes.
Material and Method: Ninety-one psychiatry residents who applied for a three-month rotation training on addictions at Ankara Training and Research Hospital AMATEM Clinic completed a personal information form and the Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Substance Users Scale at the start and end of the rotation.
Results: Residents’ stigmatizing attitudes significantly decreased post-rotation. Those who felt unsafe before the rotation reported higher stigma scores, and residents who believed they needed more education had fewer negative attitudes initially. Paradoxically, participants who anticipated referring patients to AMATEM due to insufficient training showed increased stigma after completion of the rotation.
Conclusion: Overall, structured, practical, and case-based training—delivered under experienced supervision—can reduce negative attitudes and help residents feel safer. Further research should clarify how specific training processes influence the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of future psychiatrists regarding substance use disorders.
Evolving Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in East Asia
Authors: Lee Joonyub , Yoon Kun-Ho
Published: January 2025

In East Asians, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is primarily characterized by significant defects in insulin secretion and comparatively low insulin resistance. Recently, the prevalence of T2DM has rapidly increased in East Asian countries, including Korea, occurring concurrently with rising obesity rates. This trend has led to an increase in the average body mass index among East Asian T2DM patients, highlighting the influence of insulin resistance in the development of T2DM within this group. Currently, the incidence of T2DM in Korea is declining, which may indicate potential adaptive changes in insulin secretory capacity. This review focuses on the changing epidemiology of T2DM in East Asia, with a particular emphasis on the characteristics of peak functional β-cell mass.
Importancia de la formación ética de la abogacía
Authors: Roca-Moreyra Salonen Elsa
Published: January 2025

En cumplimiento de una gentil invitación recibida de la Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Internacional, presento en la fecha el trabajo titulado: “Importancia de la formación ética de la abogacía”. Debo manifestar que al hablar del futuro de nuestra profesión, la Abogacía, es preciso comprender en general que el cambio en las instituciones jurídicas suele ser lento, pero el cambio acumulativo es rápido, y en la continuidad de la historia, siempre es posible una ruptura. Lo más probable que se piense o pueda decir sobre los modelos de las ciencias sociales, organizaciones jurídicas y políticas que existirán en este nuevo milenio es que, en principio, serán los mismos con los que hemos terminado.
Entorno externo del 2017 y prognosis al 2018
Authors: Maúrtua de Romaña Óscar
Published: January 2025

La política internacional en el 2017, estuvo acompañada de conmemorables revoluciones políticas, sociales y económicas, las cuales han marcado las pautas para controlar los fenómenos ocurridos en el escenario mundial, pero con impacto en la Política Exterior del Perú. El respeto a la democracia y la defensa de los Derechos Humanos, son piezas claves para constituir una fuerte institucionalidad del Estado de Derecho.
victoria de la paz y de la hermandad entre el Perú y el Ecuador, 20 años después
Authors: De Trazegnies Granda Fernando
Published: January 2025

En el presente artículo, el autor realiza una reflexión con motivo del 20° Aniversario de la Paz entre el Perú y el Ecuador. Asimismo, realiza un homenaje a los jóvenes reclutas de ambos países que ofrendaron generosamente sus vidas defendiendo lo que pensaban era una causa justa. Resaltando el parentesco muy próximo entre peruanos y ecuatorianos, repasa y medita aspectos del conflicto y la paz que se alcanzó, desde su enfoque como Presidente de la delegación peruana que estaba tratando el tema con el Ecuador, y luego como Canciller.
inestabilidad económica y jurídica debilita las relaciones globales
Authors: Basombrío Zender Ignacio
Published: January 2025

El escenario internacional se encuentra afectado por tensiones económicas, que socavan la esencia del multilateralismo y crean problemas para el conjunto de países que integran la comunidad internacional. Retroceder en el tema del multilateralismo no anticipa un final feliz. Por el contrario, abre espacio para el aislamiento, para los conflictos, para las restricciones súbitas y, por ende, para configurar un espacio de inestabilidad que, en mayor medida, afectará a los países emergentes. Lo importante, frente a la escalada proteccionista, es mantener con firmeza los principios esenciales del trato nacional.
derecho comunitario andino y su desarrollo normativo
Authors: San Miguel Rodríguez Walker
Published: January 2025

El artículo examina la evolución de la Comunidad Andina a través del análisis del marco normativo comunitario desarrollado desde la firma del Acuerdo de Cartagena. Se analiza de manera sucinta el ordenamiento jurídico comunitario vigente, presentando las fuentes y principios del derecho comunitario andino así como la estructura y funcionamiento del Tribunal Andino de Justicia. Del mismo modo, se examina algunos de los regímenes sectoriales como: el régimen de interconexión eléctrica, normativa en propiedad intelectual y el derecho de la competencia que se han desarrollado al amparo del ordenamiento jurídico de la Comunidad Andina.
debida diligencia y su importancia para el cumplimiento efectivo de los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos
Authors: Rodríguez Brignardello Hugo
Published: January 2025

El presente texto propone a la Debida Diligencia del Estado como un tema relevante del Derecho de los Tratados Internacionales, y muy en especial de los Tratados Internacionales de Derechos Humanos, consistente en la obligación general no solo de acatamiento formal sino, esencialmente, de cumplimiento efectivo de lo pactado en dichos instrumentos. Al respecto se recogen y examinan críticamente diversos rasgos que han venido configurando a la obligación de Debida Diligencia desde sus orígenes, avanzando hacia un perfil de ella que a la vez de resultar consistente desde una perspectiva jurídica resulte útil para pugnar porque –según una feliz expresión– se logren convertir los derechos en realidad.
derechos humanos y su proyección en el siglo XXI
Authors: Pérez Sánchez-Cerro José Luis
Published: January 2025

Los derechos humanos están protegidos por todas las constituciones de los países y, en el caso del Perú existe una obligación de los hombres de derecho de conocerlos a cabalidad y de aplicarlos en la academia, el foro, los tribunales, las instituciones tutelares del país, los agentes de derecho, abogados, etc. En el presente trabajo se da a conocer los sistemas jurídicos que imperan en el Perú y el mundo, sobre el rol del Estado como principal de sujeto de derecho internacional y sobre los principales instrumentos internacionales americanos. También, desarrollo los dos principales mecanismos humanitarios como el refugio y el asilo y su uso en el derecho internacional especialmente de este último en el derecho americano. Finalmente, trato de la situación de los derechos humanos en el Perú y el mundo y los derechos humanos en la actualidad y sus principales problemas.
Centro de Estudios Asiáticos de la UNMSM (CEAS)
Authors: Aquino Rodríguez Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2025

Asia Oriental o el Asia Pacífico, bañados por las aguas de este océano, hasta el Cercano Oriente bañado por las aguas del Mar Mediterráneo. El Centro de Estudios Asiáticos que hoy inauguramos pondrá énfasis en el estudio de los países de Asia Oriental y también la India. En esta región se encuentran tres de las diez economías más grandes del mundo, como China, Japón y la India, que juntos albergan a casi el 50 por ciento de la población mundial. Asimismo, en esta región se ubican cuatro de los diez más grandes exportadores de bienes. De los doce países o economías con las mayores reservas internacionales del mundo, ocho están en el Asia (nueve si incluimos a Rusia). China por sí sola tiene 3.1 billones de dólares, es decir, cincuenta veces más de los casi 60 mil millones de dólares de reservas internacionales que actualmente tiene el Perú. China, y Japón que tiene 1.3 billones de dólares en reservas, se ubican como los países con mayores reservas internacionales (china tiene 3.1b y Japón 1.3b) estimadas en el mundo. Desde 1980 el Asia Oriental es la región que más ha crecido económicamente en los últimos 40 años, y según los pronósticos, será la que más crecerá en los próximos 20 a 30 años. De los once países o economías con más alto puntaje en las pruebas PISA de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos - OCDE-, que mide las capacidades de los estudiantes de secundaria en ciencias, matemáticas y lectura; siete son del Asia Oriental.
primera misión diplomática del Perú en el Paraguay
Authors: Scavone Yegros Ricardo
Published: January 2025

El Paraguay y el Perú han construido en el curso de varias décadas relaciones de mutuo respeto, entendimiento y cooperación. En el curso de tantos años no ha habido entre ambos países incidentes o diferencias significativas o perdurables, y en los momentos difíciles que el Paraguay debió afrontar, la diplomacia y la opinión pública del Perú observaron, en general, una actitud de activa solidaridad. Puede destacarse que quizás los periodos más relevantes de las relaciones paraguayo-peruanas se registraron durante las dos guerras internacionales en que se vio envuelto el Paraguay: entre 1864 y 1870 contra la Triple Alianza de Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay, y entre 1932 y 1935 contra Bolivia. En ambas ocasiones, el Paraguay se enfrentó a países limítrofes del Perú, y en ambas ocasiones, esas guerras ocurrieron en coincidencia con graves conflictos internacionales que este país debió atender de preferencia, como fueron la guerra contra España y el conflicto de Leticia, con Colombia, entre 1932 y 1934.
ampliación de la Unión Europea y los Balcanes Occidentales
Authors: Echeverría Herrera de De Pury María Eugenia
Published: January 2025

Los tratados que dan origen a la que hoy es la Unión Europea buscan crear las condiciones para evitar nuevas conflagraciones y para involucrar a los Estados europeos en la construcción de un destino común, por lo que prevén la posibilidad de ampliación a más Estados que los seis miembros iniciales. Si bien el marco normativo para la ampliación casi no ha cambiado desde los tratados iniciales, las condiciones para hacerla efectiva han ido evolucionando y las instituciones mismas de la UE se han ido ajustando a ésta. La próxima ampliación prevista, dirigida a los Balcanes Occidentales, está marcada por mayor escrutinio y condicionamientos; a la vez que, desde dentro de la UE, se cuestionan principios medulares del proyecto de integración. Un miembro importante está en proceso de retirarse y, para mantener su rol de actor importante a nivel internacional, la UE requiere reformas para ser más fuerte, más cohesionada y más democrática.
relaciones internacionales entre México y Perú vistas a través de sus tratados internacionales
Authors: Guerrero Verano Martha Guadalupe
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo hará un estudio de la relación bilateral entre México y Perú a través de los Tratados internacionales que ambos países han celebrado; dada la cantidad de instrumentos celebrados entre ambos Estados Soberanos, este análisis será solamente de los Tratados vigentes, lo cual nos podrá dar un enfoque global de cómo se han desarrollado las relaciones internacionales entre ambos Estados; para lo cual, habrá que analizarse cada uno de los instrumentos internacionales vigentes que estos Estados han suscrito en el transcurso de su vida independiente. En la actualidad se encuentran 13 Tratados vigentes entre ambos Estados de muy diversa índole, lo que refleja la variedad de las relaciones entre México y Perú.
Corresponsabilidad entre Estado y empresas en el respeto y protección de derechos humanos en Latinoamérica
Authors: Arévalo Moscoso María Alejandra
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo pretende determinar el alcance de la corresponsabilidad Estado-empresas en el respeto y protección de los derechos humanos en Latinoamérica. Para ello, primero define el alcance de la responsabilidad empresarial en la protección de derechos humanos en el sistema internacional e interamericano; segundo, delinea la responsabilidad estatal por actos y omisiones empresariales infractoras de derechos humanos en el SIDH; y, finalmente presenta retos para el fortalecimiento de tal responsabilidad compartida (Estado-empresas) en la protección de derechos humanos en la región.
DIVIDEND POLICY AND FIRM VALUATION OF QUOTED FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Sunmonu O Sadiat , Adeolu, J. Odeyale, , Kazeem. S Belau
Published: January 2025

The relationship or the relevance between the relevance dividend policy and irrelevance dividend policy have been a theoretical and empirical debate since ages due to the financial decision of paying dividend to equity holders of retain dividend later to be re-invested to the firm to improve the overall net worth of the business. The study employed the ex-post facto research design which the researcher has no control over. The secondary panel data was sourced from the financial statement of the manufacturing and financial firm within 2017-2023. The data was subjected to panel regression technique. The findings revealed that earning yield has negative significant effect on retained earnings for dividend irrelevance model while market price of share and price-earnings ratio has negative and positive significant effect on dividend payout ratio for the dividend relevance model. Based on the findings of the both theory and postulation they equally have the tendency to determine firm valuation. The result for the dividend irrelevance model illustrated that retained earnings could be essential to stimulate how much percentage a company could earn in terms of earning per share while the dividend relevance model showed that sharing dividend at the end of any calendar year have the capacity to determine period valuation of shares on the stock market and dollar investment of a particular share. Based on the different school of thought of the dividend irrelevance theory group (Modigliani and Miller, 1961) and the dividend relevance theory group (Gordon, 1962) this study intends to develop a model for each theory to examine through the findings of the study which theoretical postulation in really is relevant in terms of firm valuation.
A STUDY ON WORKING WOMEN AND WORK STRESS, HER CHALLENGES AND REMEDIES IN EDUCATIONAL SECTOR IN INDIA IN TODAY’S ERA
Authors: D. Choudhari Bhagyashri , D. Nagdive Dr. Siddharth
Published: January 2025

The women of today’s era are a superwoman they reach beyond the sky by her extraordinary talent in every sector she fulfills all her responsibilities well, but during these duties she also faces lots of challenges in daily life in this paper we focused upon those challenges and remedies of working women specially in education sector. I select this education sector because I observed most of the teachers in our country is female faculty from nursery to post graduation female teachers increasing day by day. Education sector now becoming a challenging sector in current era to build a new generation of society its very challenging job and students of new generation also very smart and they connect world due to social media, upgrade technology, intelligence and many more factors available to enhance their talent and due to teacher has to be more effortful as students.
THE MODERATING ROLE OF GCG IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN ACCOUNTING AND CEO CHARACTERISTICS ON COMPANY PERFORMANCE AND VALUE. SUSTAINABLE BUMN PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY
Authors: Supriyadi Agung , Puspitarini Dewi Anggun , Bernedetha Baby , Aeni Nurul
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is to determine and analyze the influence of green accounting and CEO characteristics on company value and company performance with Good Corporate Governance as a moderating variable. The population of this research is state-owned companies for the 2018-2022 period. Purposive sampling technique was used for data collection. Research data analysis techniques are multiple linear regression tests, interaction tests and subgroup tests. The findings of this research indicate that green accounting, CEO postgraduate and CEO field influence company value and company performance. CEO tenure and CEO experience have an influence on company performance but have no influence on company value. Independent commissioners are able to moderate the effects of green accounting, CEO postgraduate, CEO tenure on company value and company performance. Independent commissioners are also able to moderate the effects of CEO field and CEO experience on company value, but independent commissioners are not able to moderate the effects of CEO field and CEO experience on company performance. Audit quality is able to moderate the relationship between green accounting, CEO postgraduate, CEO field, CEO tenure and CEO experience with company value and company performance. Based on the research results, company stakeholders need to be aware of the characteristics of the CEO and need to pay attention to Good Corporate Governance.
Red Stellar Populations and Dust Extinction toward W3
Authors: Campbell J. L. , Martin P. G. , Song S. , Rahman M. , Einstein L.
Published: January 2025

We explore red stellar populations toward the W3 giant molecular cloud through the use of optical-to-infrared (IR) photometry and Gaia DR 3 data, simultaneously characterizing stellar content and properties of dust in the molecular medium. We use a Rayleigh–Jeans color excess method modified to de-redden stellar observations of both red giants (RGs) and OB stars, and construct an IR Hertzsprung–Russell diagram validated against the Besançon Galactic model. Taking advantage of the near-universal IR interstellar extinction law and precise Gaia measurements, we develop a method for obtaining the spectral classification, foreground extinction, and distance moduli of stars, validated by spectroscopically confirmed OB stars. We constrain the observed parallax and proper motion of OB stars in W3, demonstrating the importance of considering systematic effects in the parallax bias, and assign parallax- and proper-motion-based cloud membership to our stellar samples. While it has been assumed that all spectroscopic OB stars are inside the W3 cloud, we find evidence of seven background B stars and three potential runaway OB stars. The methods developed here, which are based on known stellar populations, enable us to identify 82 new OB candidates that are confidently within the cloud. We quantify several dust-to-dust empirical correlations, in particular the IR color excess E(H − [4.5]) and the optical depth τ
1 of submillimeter dust emission at 1 THz using RGs behind W3, measuring a best fit of

E
(
H
−
[
4.5
]
)
=
(
1.07
±
0.04
)
×

10

3

τ

1

,

HOTT

+
(
0.00
±
0.02
)

mag

.
Exploring Simple-population and Multiple-population Globular Clusters in the Outer Galactic Halo Using the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Lagioia E. P. , Milone A. P. , Legnardi M. V. , Cordoni G. , Dondoglio E. , Renzini A. , Tailo M. , Ziliotto T. , Carlos M. , Jang S. , Marino A. F. , Mohandasan A. , Qi J. , Rangwal G. , Bortolan E. , Muratore F.
Published: January 2025

The pseudo two-color diagram, known as chromosome map (ChM), is a valuable tool for identifying globular clusters (GCs), which consist of single or multiple stellar populations (MPs). Recent surveys of Galactic GCs using ChMs have provided stringent observational constraints on the formation of GCs and their stellar populations. However, these surveys have primarily focused on GCs at moderate distances from the Galactic center and composed of MPs. In this paper, we present the first detailed study of the stellar composition of four GCs in the outer halo of the Milky Way: Arp 2, Ruprecht 106, Terzan 7, and Terzan 8. Our analysis is based on high-precision photometry obtained from images collected with the Hubble Space Telescope in the F275W, F336W, F438W, F606W, and F814W bands. We find that Ruprecht 106 and Terzan 7 are composed solely of a single stellar population, whereas Arp 2 and Terzan 8 host both first- and second-population stars. In these clusters, the second population comprises about half and one-third of the total number of GC stars, respectively. The results from this paper and the literature suggest that the threshold in the initial GC mass, if present, should be smaller than approximately 105
M
⊙. The first-population stars of Arp 2 and Terzan 8, along with the stars of the simple-population GCs Ruprecht 106 and Terzan 7, exhibit intrinsic F275W – F814W color spreads, likely indicative of [Fe/H] variations of approximately 0.05–0.30 dex. This suggests that star-to-star metallicity variations are a common feature of star clusters, regardless of the presence of MPs.
Epsilon Canis Majoris: The Brightest Extreme-ultraviolet Source with Surprisingly Low Interstellar Absorption
Authors: Shull J. Michael , Curran Rachel M. , Topping Michael W.
Published: January 2025

The B2 star Epsilon Canis Majoris (ϵ CMa), at parallax distance d = 124 ± 2 pc, dominates the H i photoionization of the Local Interstellar Cloud. At its closer parallax distance compared to previous estimates, ϵ CMa has a 0.9 mag fainter absolute magnitude M

V
= −3.97 ± 0.04. We combine measurements of distance with the integrated flux f = (41.5 ± 3.3) × 10−6 erg cm−2 s−1 and angular diameter θ

d
= 0.80 ± 0.05 mas to produce a consistent set of stellar parameters: radius R = 10.7 ± 0.7 R
⊙, mass M = 13.1 ± 2.3 M
⊙, gravity

log
g
=
3.50
±
0.05

, effective temperature T
eff ≈ 21,000 K, and luminosity L ≈ 20,000 L
⊙. These parameters place ϵ CMa outside the β Cephei instability strip, consistent with its observed lack of pulsations. The observed extreme-ultraviolet spectrum yields a hydrogen photoionization rate ΓHI ≈ 10−15 s−1 (at Earth). The total flux decrement factor at the Lyman limit (ΔLL = 5000 ± 500) is a combination of attenuation in the stellar atmosphere (Δstar = 110 ± 10) and interstellar medium (ΔISM = 45 ± 5) with optical depth τ
LL = 3.8 ± 0.1. After correcting for interstellar H i column density N
HI = (6 ± 1) × 1017cm−2, we find a stellar LyC photon flux ΦLyC ≈ 3000 cm−2 s−1 and ionizing luminosity Q
LyC = 1045.7±0.3 photons s−1. The photoionization rate ΓH ≈ (1–2) × 10−14 s−1 at the cloud surface produces an ionization fraction (30%–40%) for total hydrogen density n
H = 0.2 cm−3. With its 27.3 ± 0.4 km s−1 heliocentric radial velocity and small proper motion, ϵ CMa passed within 9.3 ± 0.5 pc of the Sun 4.4 Myr ago, with a 180 times higher photoionization rate.
Inpatient Management of Gout: Serum Urate Testing and Allopurinol Dose Adjustment
Authors: Alfeld Kate , Barclay Murray L. , McNeill Richard , Frampton Chris , Doogue Matt , Stamp Lisa K.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Despite effective treatment, gout is poorly managed. The aim of this study was to determine rates of serum urate (SU) testing and allopurinol dose adjustment in patients admitted to Christchurch-based hospitals who were receiving allopurinol.

Methods

The hospital electronic prescribing and administration (ePA) system was used to identify patients receiving allopurinol during hospital admissions from March 2016 to March 2023. Demographics, SU, renal function, and changes to allopurinol therapy were recorded for each admission. Results were stratified by target SU and renal function.

Results

Of 18,081 patients who received allopurinol, SU was measured in 2950 (16.32%). The mean SU was 0.37 (SD 0.12) mmol/L, with 1270 (43.05%) above target SU (0.36 mmol/L). Admissions with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3-5 were more likely to have SU above target than those with CKD stage 1-2 (78.84% vs 21.26%;P< 0.001). Among those with SU above target, allopurinol was discontinued in 148 (11.65%) and the dose reduced in 44 (3.46%), increased in 92 (7.24%), and unchanged in 986 (77.63%) during the admission. Those above target SU with CKD stage 3-5 were more likely to stop or decrease allopurinol compared to those with CKD stage 1-2 (16.4% vs 10.4%;P= 0.01).

Conclusion

More than 80% of hospital admissions did not have SU measured, despite the patient receiving allopurinol. Most admissions had suboptimal management of the allopurinol dose in the context of their SU. These results reflect a missed opportunity to review and optimize gout management.
L’environnement de la Méditerranée en péril ?
Authors: Degron Robin
Published: January 2025

À l’heure des changements climatiques et de leurs effets sur l’environnement, n’est-ce pas les fondements de certaines civilisations, comme celles de la Méditerranée, qui interrogent. Pour répondre à ce questionnement, sciences de la vie et de la terre et sciences humaines et sociales peuvent être rassemblées sous les auspices de la biogéographie pour analyser les ordres et désordres de l’environnement du bassin méditerranéen . Objets des travaux géohistoriques pionniers de Fernand Braudel, la Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen offrent en effet un espace concret à une réflexion renouvelée sur les échelles temporelles, donc le temps, et ses rythmes. Et cette réflexion conduit à se demander quels risques engendrent les changements dans l’environnement de la Méditerranée.
« Drogue » ou « médicament » ? Étude qualitative de la représentation sociale de ­­l’héroïne au sein ­­d’une unité hospitalière ambulatoire de prescription ­­d’héroïne pharmaceutique
Authors: Simon Olivier , Bosson Maurane , Khazaal Yasser , Billieux Joël , Panese Francesco , Paroz Sophie
Published: January 2025

Cette étude explore les représentations sociales (RS) de ­­l’héroïne dans un centre de traitement universitaire avec traitement par prescription de diacétylmorphine (TPD) en Suisse romande. Treize professionnel·le·s ont participé à des entretiens individuels et un sous-groupe a aussi participé à un focus group. Trois résultats principaux émergent. Premièrement, la RS de ­­l’héroïne est duale. Elle fait appel à deux types ­­d’héroïne distincts : ­­l’héroïne de rue (HDR) et ­­l’héroïne pharmaceutique (HP). Deuxièmement, les RS de ­­l’HDR et de ­­l’HP sont dépendantes ­­l’une de ­­l’autre et ­­s’articulent de façon dynamique autour ­­d’un noyau central. Troisièmement, la RS de ­­l’héroïne est polyphasique : si sa composante HDR est perçue comme une « drogue dure », au sens ­­d’une substance ­­d’usage non médical particulièrement dangereuse, sa composante HP oscille entre « médicament » et « drogue », échappant ainsi au statut unique de traitement. Ces constats permettent de mieux comprendre certaines résistances des équipes cliniques vis-à-vis des TPD en dépit des preuves scientifiques quant à son utilité thérapeutique.