bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skin of Colour Education Initiatives Among Dermatology Residents: A Narrative Review
Authors: Dienes Serena , Seeburruth Darshana , Park Ye-Jean , Sachdeva Muskaan , Joseph Marissa , Hanna Sameh
Published: February 2025

Background:

Achieving comprehensive education in skin of colour (SoC) dermatology presents a multifaceted challenge for dermatology trainees. Exposure to diverse skin tones in didactic curricula and clinical encounters varies greatly based on geographic location and institution and, as a whole, remains disparate. While SoC education initiatives for medical students and residents have increased in recent years, the characteristics and outcomes of initiatives specifically tailored to dermatology residents have not been summarized.

Objectives:

(1) Outline the demographic features of participants; (2) summarize intervention characteristics and the metrics by which educational impact was defined.

Methods:

MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed were searched for SoC education interventions aimed at dermatology trainees.

Results:

Five studies were selected for inclusion. Two hundred thirty-seven dermatology residents participated from institutions across the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Botswana. Most interventions were didactics based, assessed changes in subjective confidence, and employed identical pre- and posttest questions. Confidence increased for didactic-only interventions, decreased with multimodal interventions, and was incongruent with objective knowledge or diagnostic scores. Single-format interventions or assessments with identical pre- and posttest questions may provide an inflated sense of confidence through recall bias or other heuristics. Conversely, the cognitive synthesis afforded by multimodal interventions or new (but equivalent) assessment questions may lead to low confidence ratings despite improved knowledge scores.

Conclusions:

When designing SoC learning initiatives in postgraduate dermatology education, multimodal formats, and paired objective and subjective assessments that employ both identical and different pre- and post-intervention questions may give a more relevant and accurate reflection of impact in clinical practice settings.
Evaluating staff views and understanding of the crisis and home treatment service (CAHTS): A mixed-methods study within the child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS)
Authors: Kusnierczak Paulina , Payne Naomi , Reynolds Megan , Williams Natasha
Published: February 2025

Background

The number of children and young people (CYP) experiencing mental health crises in the UK is increasing. The NHS Long Term Plan (2019) prioritises crisis care for CYP. There is a lack of research and understanding into staff views and understandings of these services. The Crisis and Home Treatment Service (CAHTS) is a service within Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) across Bath and Northeast Somerset, Swindon, and Wiltshire (BSW) and is a key component of the crisis mental health care for CYP. The aims of this study were to gain an insight into staff’s views and understandings of the CAHTS, and to explore and identify areas for improvement for future practice and policy for the CAHTS.

Methods

The study employed a mixed-methods design, obtaining quantitative and qualitative data, by distributing online surveys ( n = 37) and semi-structured interviews ( n = 9) to gather staff views and understandings. Participants were recruited by opportunistic sampling. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and a thematic analysis was undertaken.

Results

Participants ‘agreed’ that CAHTS were acting in accordance with their core principles and were ‘highly likely’ to use the service in the future. The thematic analysis revealed seven themes, the four most dominant themes identified were: good qualities of the CAHT service, working collaboratively, good clinician skills and understaffed for demand.

Conclusions

The data provides insight into staff’s views and understandings of the CAHTS. From the themes derived, the study identified various implications for the CAHTS including further training for staff.
Lying to your doctor: Exploring age differences and techniques to foster honest patient-doctor communication
Authors: O’Connor Alison M , Frias Jessica C
Published: February 2025

Honest communication between patients and doctors is essential for providing quality healthcare. The present study tested a sample of 158 younger and 149 older adults and assessed how often they lied to their doctor about their health behaviors (exercise, food/diet, alcohol use, illicit drug use, cigarette smoking). We also assessed perceptions of two communication strategies where patients reported their health concerns verbally to their doctor (direct communication) or by writing down their concerns before seeing the doctor (indirect communication). Lying to one’s doctor was common across adults, but younger adults were more likely to lie about drug use and cigarette smoking compared with older adults. Younger adults also showed a stronger preference for indirect communication and reported that this communication method would make them more honest with their doctor during a routine check-up. These results offer insight into enhancing honesty between patients and doctors.
Satisfaction with friendship support protects autistic youth from the negative effects of peer victimization
Authors: Libster Natalie , Adams Ryan , Bishop Somer , Zheng Shuting , Taylor Julie Lounds
Published: February 2025

Autistic youth experience higher rates of peer victimization than their non-autistic peers. While there is some evidence that friendships may protect against the negative mental health effects of peer victimization in the general population, these protective effects have not been examined in autistic youth. The current study explored whether satisfaction with friendship support is associated with depressive symptoms among autistic youth, and whether satisfaction with friendship support buffers against the negative effects of peer victimization on mental health. Autistic youth ( N = 224) between the ages of 15 and 25 years ( M = 18.68 years) completed questionnaires measuring frequency of peer victimization, satisfaction with friendship support, and depressive symptoms. Satisfaction with friendship support was not associated with depressive symptoms; however, the effect of peer victimization on depressive symptoms was attenuated for youth who were more satisfied with their friendship support compared to youth who were less satisfied with their friendship support. The results of the current study therefore highlight the potential for promoting mental health of autistic youth through reducing peer victimization and increasing satisfaction with peer relationships.

Lay Abstract

Autistic youth are more likely to be bullied than youth who are not on the autism spectrum. Youth in the general population who are bullied experience poor mental health, but those who are satisfied with their friendships may be protected from these negative outcomes. No studies have looked at how friendships affect the mental health of autistic youth who are bullied by their peers. Autistic youth completed questionnaires that asked them to report how frequently they were bullied, whether they were satisfied with the support they received from friends, and depressive symptoms they experienced. Depressive symptoms did not differ between youth who were more satisfied and youth who were less satisfied with their friendship support. However, among youth who were frequently bullied, depressive symptoms were lower for those who were more satisfied with their friendship support compared to those who were less satisfied with their friendship support. This study shows that interventions are needed to support the mental health of autistic youth by decreasing bullying by peers and increasing positive peer relationships.
Music and dance beyond boundaries? Emphasizing Muslim–Jewish North African commonalities, avoiding politics
Authors: Druez Élodie
Published: February 2025

This article argues that the Parisian spheres of Middle Eastern dance and Mediterranean music shape distinct Muslim-Jewish encounters for individuals involved in these practices, fostering a coexistence among artists from Muslim and Jewish backgrounds which involves carefully navigating tensions over geopolitical issues. Three key findings emerge from this study. First, respondents of Muslim and Jewish backgrounds shared a common Maghrebi heritage that was reappropriated by engaging in the practices of Middle Eastern dance and Mediterranean music. Second, these artistic encounters were not immune to instances of stigmatization and tensions, particularly relating to geopolitical issues, which reactivated symbolic boundaries between artists of Muslim and Jewish backgrounds. Third, participants employed strategies to avoid conflict, explicitly separating art from politics, and fostered mutual respect for differing perspectives. Nevertheless, some respondents politicized Muslim-Jewish commonalities, notably by reaffirming their shared Maghrebi heritage.
The influence of line types and operating conditions on structural fatigue of bogie frame in the quasi-high-speed train: an experimental study
Authors: Li Bofan , Xu Ning , Yang Chao
Published: February 2025

The operational condition of the quasi-high speed train is more complex than that of a high-speed train. It is essential to investigate the distinctive damage characteristics of the bogie during the operation of diverse line types. This paper obtains the dynamic stress at key positions through the measurement of the bogie frame and analyzes the characteristics under different service conditions. The results show that the impact excitation of the track had the most significant influence on the structural damage of the bogie frame, which could cause more than 50% of the total damage. The weld at the locating node of the axle box is the most affected by rail-wheel impact, with the damage increasing by 2.3 times. When running on the existing line, the damage caused by the braking load on the weld at the joint of transverse beam and longitudinal beam, the weld at the joint of transverse beam and longitudinal beam is nearly five times greater than that at uniform speed. Furthermore, the damage of the weld at the joint of transverse beam and longitudinal beam and the weld at the joint of transverse beam and side beam has an increase of more than 24% with the decrease of the curve radius. The radius of the high-speed line has a minimal increase influence on the damage to the weld at the locating node of the axle box. The majority of the damage to the structure is attributable to excitation below 150 Hz, with a cumulative damage in this frequency range exceeding 80%. The characteristics of the dynamic stress distribution satisfy the combined distribution of the Weibull distribution and logarithm normal distribution. The frequency range corresponding to 70% of the total damage at each measurement point is wider on the existing line than the high-speed line.
Active sensing-based prognostics for impacted CFRP structures under compressive fatigue loading
Authors: Gül Ferda Cansu , Moradi Morteza , Zarouchas Dimitrios
Published: February 2025

In aircraft composite structures, impact-induced delamination poses a significant threat to their integrity, necessitating meticulous inspections to ensure reliable operation. However, monitoring delamination growth with existing nondestructive methods remains challenging due to the intricate nature of the damage mechanisms involved. This study introduces a novel approach by integrating guided waves (GWs) and electromechanical impedance (EMI) to achieve the prediction of remaining useful life (RUL) in woven-type carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate-like structures subjected to compression fatigue conditions following a low-velocity impact. The novelty of this work lies in the fusion of GW and EMI techniques for the prediction of RUL, which is integrated into a comprehensive prognostic framework. Damage indicators (DIs) derived from GW and EMI measurements were first analyzed for their correlation with measured delamination growth and then used as inputs for prognostic models developed using deep neural networks. This approach significantly enhances the accuracy and reliability of RUL predictions as the proposed GW–EMI fusion models aim to harness the most effective predictions from each DI. An evaluation of the DIs revealed that GW–DIs achieved better accuracy on average across all cycles compared to EMI–DIs. Both fusion models demonstrated strong accuracy for individual samples, with Fusion Model 1 (RUL-fus-1) showing a 12% improvement and Fusion Model 2 (RUL-fus-2) showing a 24% improvement across all cycles on average. Notably, Fusion Model 2 exhibited the lowest error in the final cycles, with a 48% improvement in accuracy compared to the least successful model, demonstrating its potential for more precise prognosis through the integration of GW-DIs and EMI-DIs.
Esophagitis dissecans superficialis: Often underdiagnosed entity
Authors: Mohammed Fazil , Shetty Shiran , Murali Megha , Vasudevan Geetha , Musunuri Balaji
Published: February 2025

Esophagitis dissecans superficialis (EDS) is a rare and benign innocuous esophageal condition characterised by inflammation and epithelial changes. Here, we present the case of an 87-year-old male with multiple comorbidities, including diabetes and coronary artery disease, who had severe iron deficiency anaemia and who required upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for evaluation. Endoscopy revealed whitish slough-like membranes in the midesophagus, along with a hiatus hernia. Histopathological examination confirmed EDS. EDS is often missed during endoscopy and is linked to mucosal irritants such as medications, smoking, alcohol and bullous skin conditions. We present this case to raise awareness about this rare condition and the possibility of misinterpreting endoscopic findings.
Evaluation of the E-Psycho-Oncological Short-Term Intervention “By Your Side” to Reduce Cancer-Related Distress: A Pilot Study
Authors: Strunk Sven Erik , Graf Johanna , Krakowczyk Julia Barbara , Wieser Alexandra , Heinen Jana , Schug, PhD Caterina , Jahre Lisa Maria , Skoda Eva-Maria , Erim Yesim , Teufel Martin , Bäuerle Alexander
Published: February 2025

Objective:

A large number of patients with cancer experience distress, but not all of them receive adequate psychological support. The e-psycho-oncological short-term intervention “By your Side” was developed to offer evidence-based and low-threshold support for cancer patients dealing with distress.

Methods:

A longitudinal intervention pilot study was conducted from 4 March 2022 to 4 January 2023. N = 91 participants took part in the study. N = 82 completed the first module, while n = 23 successfully completed the whole intervention and were included in the final data analyses. “By your Side” consists of 16 modules based on cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Differences in distress between the baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and follow-up (T2) were analyzed using an ANCOVA and post-hoc t-tests. Secondary outcomes (anxiety, depression, mindfulness, and self-efficacy) were also compared between measuring points, using ANOVAs and post-hoc tests.

Results:

A significant reduction ( padj = 0.014, d = 0.654) in distress from baseline (T0, M = 52.68, SD = 16.34) to follow-up (T2, M = 43.84, SD = 17.59) was observed. There was a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms and a significant increase in mindfulness and self-efficacy. The user’s satisfaction ( M = 28.00, range 8-32) and the usability ( M = 89.57, range 0-100) of the intervention were high.

Conclusion:

The study provides preliminary evidence that the e-psycho-oncological short-term intervention “By your Side” can successfully reduce the distress of cancer patients. The high dropout rate (74.7%) must be taken into account.

Trial registration:

German Clinical Trial Register ( https://www.drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00036001 ), DRKS number: 00036001 (retrospectively registered)
Comparison of treatment efficacy and cost-effectiveness of rituximab and oral agents among patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Lee Hye Lim , Kang Minwoong , Seok Jin Myoung , Kim Byung-Jo , Kim Byoung Joon
Published: February 2025

Background:

Rituximab (RTX) is a well-known effective treatment for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

Aims:

To investigate the effectiveness of RTX treatment in patients with NMOSD and compared medical expenses between RTX and other oral agents.

Methods:

Using data from the National Health Insurance System database (2010−2021), we compared the time to the first relapse and medical expenses after each medication between groups with RTX and oral agents. Also, we analyzed the association between the level of disability and the type of drugs.

Results:

A total of 899 patients were included, and they were divided into two groups according to the type of treatment. The group treated with RTX had a lower risk of relapse than those treated with other oral agents (hazard ratio, 0.479, p < 0.001). Regarding medical expenses, the increase in total medical costs was associated with the use of RTX and the number of relapses. The increase in medical costs was higher in cases with increased disability owing to NMOSD after adjustment for the number of relapses.

Conclusion:

In comparison to other oral agents, RTX showed a favorable treatment effect. It is also relatively cost-effective, considering the change in disability in a large-scale real-world nationwide study.
Health behaviours of 17- to 19-year olds in North East England: assessing adherence to current recommendations for young people at the adolescent-adult boundary
Authors: Basterfield L , Rowland M , Rigg R , Reilly JJ , Janssen X , Pearce MS , Evans EH , Adamson AJ
Published: February 2025

Aims:

Late adolescence/young adulthood represents a transition to independence, with increasing control over health behaviours (HB). However, HB data of late adolescents are often reported in wide and inconsistent age brackets, making comparisons with age-targeted guidelines difficult. We aimed to characterise important HB (body composition, physical activity (PA), diet) of late adolescents from North East England.

Methods:

A total of 145 17- to 19-year olds from the Gateshead Millennium Study birth cohort participated in 2017 to 2018. Measurements including height, weight, body fat, accelerometer-measured PA and sedentary behaviour, and 24-hour dietary recall were taken. Comparisons with current global age-appropriate recommendations were made for four variables: (1) 60 min moderate-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA)/day (age 17 years old) or 150 min MVPA/week (18- to 19-years old); (2) body fat (<25% for males, <30% for females); (3) free sugars <5% total energy intake; (4) five portions fruit and/or vegetables/day.

Results:

Most recommendations were not met: MVPA averaged 37 min/day, 20% of 17-year olds met 60 min/d, and 55% of 18- to 19-year olds met 150 min/week. About 26.5% of participants had excess body fat. Daily fruit/vegetable consumption was 2.7 portions; 12% consumed ‘5-a-day’ portions of fruit and/or vegetables, 13.5% consumed <5% energy from free sugars. Together, 43% of participants met 0/4, 44% met 1/4%, and 0% met 4/4 age-appropriate health recommendations.

Conclusion:

These novel empirical data reveal concerning HB in this population of late adolescents, suggesting targeted health messaging to improve HB is needed.
Understanding and treating HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma: insights from a MedNewsWeek Keynote lecture by Dr Theodoros N. Teknos and literature review
Authors: Cortiana Viviana , Nadar Soumiya , Gambill Jade , Mahendru Diksha , Theyver Adhith , Coloma Helena S. , Park Chandler H. , Leyfman Yan
Published: February 2025

Oropharyngeal carcinoma, a type of head and neck cancer (HNC), is an emerging malignancy associated with low survival rates. It typically affects older males and correlates with smoking, drinking, and lower socioeconomic conditions. Traditional treatments such as surgery have often yielded limited outcomes. However, recent insights, particularly those emphasized by Dr Teknos in his Keynote Conference at MedNews Week, have sparked a deeper exploration into alternative and more promising treatment methods. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore this subject further. One such approach, demonstrated by the UMCC 9921 trial, involves a comprehensive protocol starting with induction chemotherapy. This initial phase aims to reduce tumor burden and assess response to treatment. Based on the individual outcomes, patients then undergo concurrent chemoradiation or salvage surgery. This strategy has significantly improved survival rates, especially in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive patients, showcasing the potential of tailored treatments. While these advancements are promising, long-term complications such as dysphagia and osteoradionecrosis remain a cause of concern. The rise of HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has further changed how risk factors and treatment outcomes are viewed. HPV-positive cancers have unique characteristics and respond well to modern therapies. Researchers are investigating biomarkers such as circulating HPV DNA and immunoglobulin J polypeptide expression, which could provide valuable insights into disease progression and pave the way for more targeted and effective treatment strategies. In addition, the use of existing medications, such as fenofibrate, to combat HPV infections illustrates the resourcefulness in repurposing specific treatments. Challenges persist, especially in the need for reliable biomarkers for early disease progression detection and monitoring. Deeper insights into viral-host interactions shape promising immunotherapy strategies that could revolutionize treatment approaches. Collaborative efforts between researchers, healthcare providers, and policymakers play a vital role in translating these advancements into substantial clinical benefits, improving outcomes and quality of life for individuals affected by HPV-related diseases. While HPV-associated HNCs present significant challenges, continuous research and innovative treatments offer hope for a brighter future in combating this growing epidemic and improving patient care.
Investigating the role of immunotherapy for real-world patients with HER2-negative advanced gastric cancer between 2011 and 2023
Authors: Shimozaki Keitaro , Ooki Akira , Yoshino Koichiro , Tamba Mikako , Udagawa Shohei , Osumi Hiroki , Fukuoka Shota , Nakayama Izuma , Wakatsuki Takeru , Ogura Mariko , Takahari Daisuke , Shinozaki Eiji , Chin Keisho , Yamaguchi Kensei
Published: February 2025

Background:

Although the emergence of immunotherapy has benefited patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC), the magnitude of the benefit among real-world patients with HER2-negative AGC remains unclear.

Objectives:

The current study aimed to evaluate the treatment features across various immunotherapy approval periods and investigate the utility of immunotherapy for patients with HER2-negative AGC in daily practice.

Design:

Retrospective observational study.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients with HER2-negative AGC who received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy between 2011 and 2023 across different periods of immunotherapy approval in Japan: Group A (pre-immunotherapy approval): 2011–2017; Group B (approved for third-line treatment or later): 2018–2021; and Group C (approved for first-line treatment): 2022–2023.

Results:

A total of 949 patients were enrolled ( n = 477, 344, and 128 for Groups A, B, and C, respectively). Patient characteristics were comparable between the three groups, except for the proportion of those aged ⩾75 years ( p = 0.002), prior gastrectomy ( p = 0.03), and liver metastases ( p = 0.0005). The median overall survival (OS) was 16.2, 15.2, and 21.3 months in Groups A, B, and C, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups (log-rank p = 0.50). Patients who received first-line immunotherapy plus chemotherapy ( n = 173) showed significantly better OS than did those who did not receive any immunotherapy-containing treatment from 2011 to 2017 ( n = 382; hazard ratio (HR), 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.61–0.99; p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed that the use of first-line immunotherapy was not significantly associated with worse OS, whereas the use of any-line immunotherapy was significantly associated with prognosis (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.47–0.63; p < 0.0001). The proportion of patients receiving any second-line treatment was comparable between the groups: 76%, 80%, and 71%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that immunotherapy has a moderate impact on improving the survival of real-world patients with HER2-negative AGC, highlighting the need for appropriate treatment strategies, including efforts to identify biomarkers and the development of other agents.
Bilateral blindness in a cat after a dental procedure, suspected to be due to segmental chorioretinal ischaemia necrosis
Authors: Guerreiro Cleo , Heinrich Christine , Walsh Karen
Published: February 2025

Case summary

A 5-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat presented for sudden onset vision loss 3 days after a dental procedure. Bilateral blindness was confirmed on ocular examination, with fundoscopy revealing segmental wedge-shaped areas of retinal oedema and partial non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. An initial differential diagnosis included angioinvasive pulmonary carcinoma, based on previously reported fundoscopy images of this condition; however, general physical examination, blood pressure and chest radiographs were all normal. Four weeks after initial presentation, fundoscopy revealed the resolution of the retinal detachments; however, bilateral segmental chorioretinal necrosis was present. The cat regained some vision and remained well 13 months after the initial presentation. Considering the clinical findings, the onset of blindness after a lengthy dental procedure and improvement of vision over time, a diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoma was unlikely and instead a diagnosis of chorioretinal ischaemia secondary to maxillary artery blood flow restriction is proposed.

Relevance and novel information

Maxillary artery blood flow restriction has been well documented with varying degrees of jaw opening in cats. Presumed central blindness as a result of this blood flow restriction has also been documented. However, to the authors’ knowledge, vision loss due to retinal changes, documented by fundoscopic images and their progression over time following suspected chorioretinal ischaemia after a dental procedure, have not previously been reported. We propose that temporary occlusion of the maxillary artery can result in segmental chorioretinal necrosis and associated blindness in cats. This finding further supports the recommendation to minimise prolonged jaw opening during surgical procedures in cats.
The trauma of bullying: Evaluating the impact of a trauma-informed therapeutic intervention to support children who have been chronically bullied in school
Authors: Noret Nathalie , Hejazi Husna , Wilson Katelynn , Timms Paula , Fuller Kat , Lambe Yvette
Published: February 2025

The poor mental health outcomes associated with being bullied in school are well documented in the research literature. Trauma-informed approaches offer one possible avenue of support. The aim of this study is to examine the traumatic impact of being chronically bullied in school and evaluate the use of a pilot trauma-informed therapeutic intervention. In this study, 18 parents in England whose child was receiving a new bullying-focused trauma-informed therapy completed an online questionnaire about their child’s experiences of bullying and their trauma symptoms. Their children were aged between 8 and 16 years old ( Mage = 11.28 years, SDage = 2.24 years), 9 (50%) young people were male, and 9 (50%) were female. The questionnaire was completed before and after the 12-week therapeutic intervention. The findings of the study highlight the negative impact being bullied has on poor mental health, particularly on symptoms of trauma. The results of the small-scale evaluation also highlight how the trauma-informed therapeutic intervention reduced symptoms of trauma and supported children and young people to cope with their experiences of bullying. While a pilot study, the findings offer a potential avenue for helping young people being chronically bullied in school.
The Disaggregation of Platform Labor: Theorizing Skin Tone Work in the Black Influencer Beauty Economy
Authors: Love Ta’Les
Published: February 2025

Research on the beauty influencer economy highlights the role that racism plays in platform labor, as race is a prominent determinant in the hierarchy of influencers. While the literature on beauty influencers reveals the multi-faceted labor necessary for success in the genre, less attention is given to the ways that skin tone discrimination—or colorism—defines one’s subject position as a beauty influencer. I argue that skin tone is an identity characteristic that ultimately multiplies the labor required of beauty influencers, particularly for Black women with darker complexions. The extra labor required of persons from a marginalized subject position within a marginalized population is called Racial Phenotype Labor (RPL). Due to racist beauty standards and historical disdain for African phenotypes, Black people—and Black women specifically—with phenotypic features perceived as undesirable enter the digital influencing economy at an additional disadvantage. Societal preference for lighter skin impels darker-skinned creators to complete additional physical, emotional, and mental work in the beauty influencing community. This research asserts that the first layer of RPL involves skin tone work, where beauty influencers must combat the negative preconceptions and discourses typically associated with dark skin. I also suggest that they must combat these biases while simultaneously presenting themselves as marketable to cosmetics companies, viewers, and platform algorithms. This research study uses methodological triangulation through critical technocultural discourse analysis, thematic analysis, and autoethnography to analyze the beauty content of two prominent Black influencers—both advocates against colorism. Ultimately, I conclude that colorism remains especially gendered and functions as an agent of racial capitalism within the digital influencing economy.
Rural Populism and Tolerance for Political Violence
Authors: Bryant Jesse Callahan , Mueller J. Tom , Burow Paul Berne
Published: February 2025

This study shows that populist attitudes are associated with reduced tolerance for political violence in rural areas of the United States. Using a representative sample from rural counties in the American West, the authors advance conceptual frameworks in populism studies and address the challenges of measuring social phenomena in rural areas. Using structural equation modeling and a “bare bones” measure of populism, the authors test hypotheses on links between economic and sociocultural grievances, ideological conservatism, populist attitudes, and tolerance for political violence. The findings confirm associations among economic grievances, conservatism, and populist attitudes, while showing that populism attenuates the link between economic grievance and tolerance for political violence. Thus, this study reveals an unexpected ideological role of populist attitudes in diminishing support for political violence. This advances sociological understanding of how populism interacts with broader ideological systems in the United States and draws greater attention to how political concepts are operationalized empirically.
Social bonds, sense of powerlessness and intervention actions in cyberbullying among Chinese college students
Authors: Chen Sishi , Sun Ivan Y , Wu Yuning , Wang Wenjin
Published: February 2025

Cyberbullying has surfaced as a worldwide concern in recent decades. As the largest online community globally, China has experienced a spike in cyberbullying across social groups and functions. Using survey data collected from roughly 1,600 students from two universities, this study assesses students’ intervention behaviours toward cyberbullying. We assess the connections between students’ social bonds and the perceived severity of cyberbullying and their intention to stop, do nothing, or even support when witnessing cyberbullying. We found that individuals with stronger social bonds are more willing to ask perpetrators to stop bullying. The positive link between social control and intervention is stronger among those who reported a higher sense of powerlessness. In addition, respondents who have stronger social bonds and who consider cyberbullying as more serious have lower tendencies to keep neutral. The negative connection between social bonds and doing nothing is stronger among students with higher senses of powerlessness. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Heals on Wheels: Development and Implementation of Community Outreach and Group Medical Visits for People Experiencing Chronic Pain
Authors: Justice Catherine , Haddow Susan , Shafto Katherine , Reeves Tegan , Knox Jadyn E. , Prasad Arti
Published: February 2025

Background

Chronic pain is a global problem affecting approximately 20% of adults. The prevalence of opioid use for chronic pain has contributed to a widespread crisis of addiction and inadequately managed pain. Though national and international guidelines recommend nonpharmacological, integrative, multi-modal therapies for chronic pain, numerous systemic barriers limit access to these services for those with the highest need and fewest resources.

Objective

This paper describes the development and testing of an innovative “Heals on Wheels” (HoW) community engagement and Group Medical Visit (GMV) program for underserved communities experiencing chronic pain in Hennepin County, Minnesota.

Methods

The HoW program’s curriculum was collaboratively adapted from pre-existing Hennepin Health care GMV programs for chronic pain. Free community-based “Appetizer” workshops were developed alongside an 8-week “Full Meal” GMV program titled Easing Pain Holistically (EPH). Three pain-affinity variations of EPH were created (the “Body”, “Head”, and “Heart”) and delivered to 6 cohorts (2 cohorts of each variation). Feasibility was measured by attendance, demographics, and insurance provider information. To evaluate program acceptability, thematic analysis of patients post-GMV weekly progress sheets was performed.

Results

The curriculum for the HoW program included experiential training and education in evidence-based integrative pain management strategies. Fourteen community appetizer workshops (n = 142) were offered in partnership with organizations representing underserved populations. Fifty-five patients completed EPH from 2022 to 2024 with the greatest number of patients in the Heart (n = 23), followed by the Body (n = 19), and the Head (n = 13). Feasibility for the GMV program was demonstrated with average attendance across 6 cohorts at 75.1%. Thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed themes highlighting appreciation for group connection (“sharing”) and the EPH program content.

Conclusion

The HoW program shows promise as a feasible and acceptable model of community outreach and engagement to improve access to evidence-based integrative pain care.
An educational programme for home mechanical ventilation in motor neuron disease
Authors: Riva-Rovedda Federica , Clari Marco , Conti Alessio , Esposito Tiziana , Tabbia Giuseppe , Mattei Alessio , Calvo Andrea , Solidoro Paolo , Dimonte Valerio
Published: February 2025

Respiratory failure represents the leading cause of death among people with motor neuron disease (MND). Home mechanical ventilation supports respiratory function, but its management places a significant demand on patients and informal caregivers. The need for consistent support to deal with home mechanical ventilation is recognised. Regardless, specific educational interventions are infrequently reported. Within its multidisciplinary clinical care pathway, the Regional Expert Centre for MND of a Northern Italy university hospital offers patients and their caregivers an educational programme on how to deal with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) at home.

NIV education is usually performed in an outpatient setting. Pneumologists and nurses train patients and caregivers about ventilator functions, management of respiratory interfaces, inhalation therapy, skin integrity preservation and respiratory deterioration detection, while respiratory therapists train patients and caregivers about the use of an assisted cough device. IMV education is performed at the hospital. Respiratory therapists, supported by nurses, train caregivers about ventilator functions, management of tracheostomy cannula, tracheal suction, inhalation therapy and use of assisted cough devices. Finally, a certification of the skills acquired is released. Future studies should assess the effectiveness of this programme in terms of satisfaction and clinical outcomes.
Diaphragm dysfunction: how to diagnose and how to treat?
Authors: Jesus Filipa , Hazenberg Anda , Duiverman Marieke , Wijkstra Peter
Published: February 2025

The diaphragm, crucial for respiratory function, is susceptible to dysfunction due to various pathologies that can affect the nervous system, neuromuscular junction or the muscle itself. Diaphragmatic dysfunction presents with symptoms ranging from exertional dyspnoea to respiratory failure, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation complemented by imaging and pulmonary function tests. Chest radiography, fluoroscopy, and ultrasonography are pivotal in assessing diaphragmatic movement and excursion, offering varying sensitivities and specificities based on the type and severity of dysfunction. Ultrasonography emerges as a noninvasive bedside tool with high sensitivity and specificity, measuring diaphragm thickness, thickening fraction, and excursion, and enabling monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment over time.

Treatment strategies depend on the underlying aetiology and severity, ranging from conservative management to interventions such as surgical plication or diaphragmatic pacing. Ventilatory support, particularly noninvasive ventilation, plays a pivotal role in treatment, enhancing lung function and patient outcomes across unilateral and bilateral dysfunction.

Despite advances in diagnostic techniques, awareness and systematic evaluation of diaphragmatic function remain inconsistent across clinical settings. This review consolidates the current understanding of diaphragmatic dysfunction, highlighting diagnostic modalities and treatment options to facilitate early recognition and management of this entity.
Morphologic changes in the model tintinnid Schmidingerella (Alveolata, Ciliophora) during the cell cycle, including the first volumetric analyses of the lorica-forming material
Authors: Agatha Sabine , Weißenbacher Birgit , Böll Laura , Ganser Maximilian H.
Published: February 2025

Background

Tintinnids are marine planktonic ciliates with tube-shaped or vase-shaped loricae (shells). During the cell cycle, lorica-forming material (LFM) is generated and accumulates in the proter (anterior division product). After transverse fission, the proter leaves the lorica and subsequently secretes the material, creating its own shell, while the opisthe (posterior division product) retains the parental one. The timing of material production and its final quantity are unknown.

Results

Our study focussed on Schmidingerella Agatha & Strüder-Kypke, 2012, a model tintinnid genus with transparent, champagne flute-shaped loricae. Protargol-stained field material from the Chesapeake Bay on the Northwest Atlantic provided detailed insights into the morphologic changes, including the LFM production, during the cell cycle. We defined five division stages based on features of the opisthe’s newly forming membranellar zone (oral primordium) recognisable both in live and fixed material. The start of LFM production in middle dividers and its intracellular distribution matched the findings obtained from monoclonal, methyl blue-eosin-stained culture material from the Northeast Pacific, in which the LFM was volumetrically analysed. Just before fission, the LFM occupied on average 6.7% of the cell volume. The wall volume of the finished lorica estimated by a shape function was at least 4.5-fold larger than the volume of the intracellular material.

Conclusions

The LFM is generated only during a certain period of the cell cycle, i.e., in early middle to late dividers. The difference in volume between the initially secreted LFM and the finished lorica wall suggests that significant structural changes take place in the material during lorica formation.
Prognostic nutritional index as an early predictor of mortality in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: multicenter retrospective study in South Korea
Authors: Woo Hyun Ji , Kwon Tae-Kyu , Heo Sang Taek , Yoo Jeong Rae , Kim Misun , Oh Jaeseong , Bae In-Gyu , Bae Sohyun , Yoon Young-Ran , Hyun Miri , Kim Hyun ah , Jung Sook In , Kwon Ki Tae , Hwang Soyoon , Kim Uh Jin , Kang Gaeun , Kim Young Jun , Hwang Jeong-Hwan , Kim Min-Gul
Published: February 2025

Background and aim

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a fatal tick-borne infectious disease lacking effective treatments or vaccines. Early identification of prognostic factors is essential for optimizing clinical management. This study investigated the predictors for mortality in SFTS patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of 413 SFTS patients hospitalized in South Korea from 2013 to 2024. Clinical and laboratory data were comprehensively analyzed to evaluate associations between in-hospital mortality and various inflammatory, immune, and nutritional biomarkers. Cox regression and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to identify risk factors.

Results

413 patients diagnosed with SFTS were included and In-hospital mortality was 17% (70/413). Multivariate Cox regression identified older age (HR: 1.042; 95% CI: 1.014–1.071), elevated PT(INR) (HR: 109.57; 95% CI: 19.79–606.57), and lower prognostic nutritional index (PNI) (HR: 0.937; 95% CI: 0.886–0.990) as early predictors of mortality. Time-dependent ROC analysis demonstrated predictive accuracy, with AUCs of 0.512 for age, 0.857 for PT(INR), and 0.694 for PNI at 30 days. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significant survival differences for patients stratified by PNI (< 40.75), PT(INR) (≥ 0.97), and age (≥ 59 years).

Conclusions

PNI, PT(INR), and age were identified as key early predictors of mortality in SFTS. PNI, as a novel biomarker, was found to be a useful index for risk level and treatment strategies in SFTS patients.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.
Changes in inpatient mental health treatment and related costs before and after flexible assertive community treatment: a naturalistic observational cohort study
Authors: Brekke Eva , Lamu Admassu N. , Angeles Renira C. , Clausen Hanne , Landheim Anne S.
Published: February 2025

Background

Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) is currently implemented in Norwegian mental health services, aiming to ensure comprehensive and rights-based services for persons with severe mental illness and complex needs, but also motivated by assumed cost-effectiveness. We need knowledge about the consequences of this service innovation. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in total and involuntary inpatient mental health treatment and associated changes in costs of inpatient days before and after enrolment into FACT for persons with severe mental illness and complex needs in Norway.

Methods

In this naturalistic observational cohort study of 397 patients in eight Norwegian FACT teams, we compared total and involuntary admissions, total and involuntary inpatient days, and the costs of total and involuntary inpatient days, for two periods: 24 months before and 24 months after enrolment in FACT. We used paired t-test.

Results

There was a significant reduction in involuntary admissions, involuntary inpatient days, and total inpatient days after enrolment in FACT. We found a slight but non-significant reduction in total admissions to inpatient mental health treatment. There was a significant reduction in the costs of total inpatient days and involuntary inpatient days.

Conclusion

Patients in FACT were admitted to inpatient treatment as frequently as before enrolment in FACT, but involuntary admissions were less frequent. Furthermore, the duration of involuntary and total inpatient treatment was reduced, with a corresponding reduction in costs as expected. Results suggest that targeted and well-timed interventions from FACT may reduce the need for prolonged involuntary inpatient treatment, implying reduced disadvantages for the individual and more efficient allocation of health service funding.
A 6-month sustained-release formulation of triptorelin for locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer: a real-world experience in Asia
Authors: Yee Chi-Hang , Chung Yuen-Hei , Ko Ivan Ching-Ho , Wong Chris Ho-Ming , Mok Alex , Teoh Jeremy Yuen-Chun , Chiu Peter Ka-Fung , Ng Chi-Fai
Published: February 2025

Objective

Long-acting triptorelin (LAT) (22.5 mg) is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist used in men with prostate cancer. This study investigated the prescription pattern of LAT in a real-world setting and its efficacy.

Patients & methods

This was a retrospective review of patients in a tertiary center who were prescribed LAT for prostate cancer from January 2018 to March 2023 after the introduction of LAT in the territory. Demographic data were collected, and LAT prescription patterns were reviewed. These patterns included the indication and duration of prescription, testosterone suppression and characteristics of the primary prostate cancer.

Results

A total of 237 prostate cancer patients were prescribed LAT in the study period. The indications for LAT included metastatic prostate cancer (50.6%), neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy for radiotherapy (28.7%) and neoadjuvant therapy for radical prostatectomy (5.1%). Among the cohort, 41.4% of the patients were receiving short-acting triptorelin (11.25 mg) before LAT initiation, 15.2% were receiving other GnRH agonists, and 15.6% were receiving GnRH antagonists. The median age at the first dose of LAT and the median treatment duration were 72 (53–94) years and 30 (6–72) months, respectively. During the study period, 92.0% of the patients did not receive another form of hormonal treatment other than LAT. A total of 121 (51.1%) patients had their testosterone level checked after LAT initiation. The median time interval of testosterone measurement after LAT initiation was 8 (1–47) months, with 98.3% of the patients having a testosterone level < 1.7 nmol/L and 92.6% having a level < 0.7 nmol/L. Among the cohort, 1 patient stopped LAT due to hot flashes and muscle weakness.

Conclusion

The LAT adherence rate was high in the setting of hormonal treatment for prostate cancer. Testosterone suppression was satisfactory after the initiation of LAT and was generally well tolerated.