bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transfer of Mycotoxins from Lactation Feed to Colostrum of Sows
Authors: Trevisi Paolo , Luise Diana , Spinelli Elisa , Correa Federico , De Leo Elena , Trambajolo Giovanna , Diegoli Giuseppe , Bosi Paolo
Published: December 2020

Studies regarding the transfer of mycotoxins from sow feed to colostrum are scarce. A sample of in-house produced lactation feed and one of colostrum were collected from two or three sows per farm (total 49) from 19 farms. The feed contents of aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FUs), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) were assessed using ELISA and confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), The values were very low (10, 12, 17 and 2 positive samples for AFs, FUs, DON and ZEA, respectively), except for two samples (one AF, one DON). Based on feed values, colostrum samples from 13 farms were tested for at least one mycotoxin (Total 35). Aflatoxins were not found in any sample. A signal for FUs was observed in 5 of 11 colostra, despite low feed values; DON was frequently present in the colostrum (10/14). On the farm where the feed exceeded the DON suggested limits, a higher colostrum content was seen, 10.9 µg/kg, approximately 1/69 of the value showing toxicity in young pigs. The absence of reference values for neonate pigs, and the risk of higher and longer ingestion of DON by sows suggested considering routine checks of sow feed; more research on DON transfer and toxicity in piglets is needed.
The Dynamic Changes of Gut Microbiota during the Perinatal Period in Sows
Authors: Sun Lan , Zhang Yu , Chen Wei , Lan Tian , Wang Yan , Wu Yinbao , Liao Xindi , Mi Jiandui
Published: December 2020

The gut microbiota in sows is important for the health of the host, and potential benefits may also be transferred to piglets during pregnancy. Therefore, systematic studies investigating the changes in the gut microbiota of sows are needed to elucidate the microbial compositions and functions. This study was conducted at 12 time points to investigate the temporal variations in gut microbiota on Days 27, 46, 64, 81, 100, and 113 during gestation (G) and Days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 during lactation (L). Results suggested that the gut microbiota changed across the perinatal period with microbial function and abundance varying between the prenatal and postnatal periods. The alpha diversity was higher in the postnatal period than in the prenatal period. Thirty-eight genera were distributed between the two periods with Methanobrevibacter, Desulfovibrio, Akkermansia, and Turicibacter being enriched in the prenatal period while Eubacterium, Actinobacillus, Paludibacter, Butyricimonas, Megasphaera, Succiniclasticum, Acidaminococcus, and Rummeliibacillus were enriched in the postnatal period. Analysis done at the different time points of the prenatal period suggested that Days 27 and 113 had more microbial biomarkers than other days. Bacteroidales, Bacteroidia, and Prevotella were enriched on the 27th day, while bacteria belonging to the Clostridium and Ruminococcaceae were enriched on the 113th day. On the other hand, Clostridiales, Ruminococcaceae, Clostridia, and unclassified Christensenellaceae were enriched three days after delivery. Predicted microbial KO functions were also more enriched on Day 27 of the gestation period and Day 3 of the lactation period. Random forest, a machine learning method, was used to identify the top five important genera of Megasphaera, Stenotrophomonas, Phyllobacterium, Catenibacterium, and Turicibacter, while the most important function was arginine and proline metabolism. These systematic results provide important information for the gut microbiota of sows.
Effects of LPS on the Secretion of Gonadotrophin Hormones and Expression of Genes in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary (HPG) Axis in Laying Yangzhou Geese
Authors: Ying Shijia , Qin Jialin , Dai Zichun , An Hao , Zhu Huanxi , Chen Rong , Yang Xiaojin , Wu Wenda , Shi Zhendan
Published: December 2020

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria was found to be involved in the decrease in laying performance in goose flocks with high stocking density during summer months. LPS injection delayed the increase in the laying rate and altered hierarchical follicle morphology. While there is evidence that LPS exerts suppressive effects on goose reproduction, the time course effects of LPS on the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPG) axis remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the expression of genes in the HPG axis and the plasma gonadotrophin hormone concentrations in breeding geese at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h after intravenous injection with LPS. The results showed that LPS treatment enhanced and suppressed expression of hypothalamic gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH) and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) mRNA, respectively, and similar effects were observed on the mRNA expression of their receptors, GnIHR and GnRHR, in the pituitary. LPS treatment transiently increased follicle FSHβ mRNA expression at 12 h and exerted no significant effect on LHβ mRNA expression in the pituitary. Regardless of the expression of FSHβ and LHβ, plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were significantly increased during 24–36 h after LPS treatment. In the ovary, StAR and Cyp11a1 were mainly expressed in the granulosa layer (GL) of hierarchical follicles, while Cyp17a1 and Cyp19a1 were mainly expressed in white follicles (WFs) and yellowish follicles (YFs), and to a lesser extent in the theca layer (TL). After LPS treatment, the mRNA levels of Cyp11a1 in the GLs, Cyp17a1 in the WFs and TL, and Cyp19a1 in the WFs, YFs, and TL were significantly decreased. However, LPS treatment transiently upregulated StAR expression at 12 h. These results indicate that the exposure of laying geese to LPS may impair the HPG axis and disturb ovarian steroidogenesis. Our research provides new insights into reproductive dysfunction caused by LPS and the immune challenge in birds.
The Role of Complement in Angiogenesis
Authors: Markiewski Maciej M. , Daugherity Elizabeth , Reese Britney , Karbowniczek Magdalena
Published: December 2020

The link of the complement system to angiogenesis has remained circumstantial and speculative for several years. Perhaps the most clinically relevant example of possible involvement of complement in pathological neovascularization is age-related macular degeneration. Recent studies, however, provide more direct and experimental evidence that indeed the complement system regulates physiological and pathological angiogenesis in models of wound healing, retinal regeneration, age-related macular degeneration, and cancer. Interestingly, complement-dependent mechanisms involved in angiogenesis are very much context dependent, including anti- and proangiogenic functions. Here, we discuss these new developments that place complement among other important regulators of homeostatic and pathological angiogenesis, and we provide the perspective on how these newly discovered complement functions can be targeted for therapy.
Complement Activation in the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies
Authors: Zent Clive S. , Pinney Jonathan J. , Chu Charles C. , Elliott Michael R.
Published: December 2020

Unconjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies. These targeted drugs can activate innate immune cytotoxicity for therapeutic benefit. mAb activation of the complement cascade results in complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and complement receptor-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (cADCP). Clinical and laboratory studies have showed that CDC is therapeutically important. In contrast, the biological role and clinical effects of cADCP are less well understood. This review summarizes the available data on the role of complement activation in the treatment of mature B-cell malignancies and proposes future research directions that could be useful in optimizing the efficacy of this important class of drugs.
Green Tea Catechins Induce Inhibition of PTP1B Phosphatase in Breast Cancer Cells with Potent Anti-Cancer Properties: In Vitro Assay, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Studies
Authors: Kuban-Jankowska Alicja , Kostrzewa Tomasz , Musial Claudia , Barone Giampaolo , Lo-Bosco Giosuè , Lo-Celso Fabrizio , Gorska-Ponikowska Magdalena
Published: December 2020

The catechins derived from green tea possess antioxidant activity and may have a potentially anticancer effect. PTP1B is tyrosine phosphatase that is oxidative stress regulated and is involved with prooncogenic pathways leading to the formation of a.o. breast cancer. Here, we present the effect of selected green tea catechins on enzymatic activity of PTP1B phosphatase and viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We showed also the computational analysis of the most effective catechin binding with a PTP1B molecule. We observed that epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate may decrease enzymatic activity of PTP1B phosphatase and viability of MCF-7 cells. Conclusions: From the tested compounds, epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate were the most effective inhibitors of the MCF-7 cell viability. Moreover, epigallocatechin was also the strongest inhibitor of PTP1B activity. Computational analysis allows us also to conclude that epigallocatechin is able to interact and bind to PTP1B. Our results suggest also the most predicted binding site to epigallocatechin binding to PTP1B.
Synthetic Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside Attenuates Established Pain, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in a Rodent Model of Painful Radiculopathy
Authors: Kartha Sonia , Weisshaar Christine L. , Pietrofesa Ralph A. , Christofidou-Solomidou Melpo , Winkelstein Beth A.
Published: December 2020

Painful cervical radiculopathy is characterized by chronic neuroinflammation that lowers endogenous antioxidant responses leading to the development of oxidative stress and pain after neural trauma. Therefore, antioxidants such as secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), that promote antioxidant signaling and reduce oxidative damage may also provide pain relief. This study investigated if repeated systemic administration of synthetic SDG after a painful root compression reduces the established pain, oxidative stress and spinal glial activation that are typically evident. SDG was administered on days 1–3 after compression and the extent of oxidative damage in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord was measured at day 7 using the oxidative stress markers 8-hydroxguanosine (8-OHG) and nitrotyrosine. Spinal microglial and astrocytic activation were also separately evaluated at day 7 after compression. In addition to reducing pain, SDG treatment reduced both spinal 8-OHG and nitrotyrosine, as well as peripheral 8-OHG in the DRG. Moreover, SDG selectively reduced glial activation by decreasing the extent of astrocytic but not microglial activation. These findings suggest that synthetic SDG may attenuate existing radicular pain by suppressing the oxidative stress and astrocytic activation that develop after painful injury, possibly identifying it as a potent therapeutic for painful radiculopathies.
Sleep Bruxism Episodes in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Determined by In-Laboratory Polysomnography
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Lee Sang Hwa , Lee Sang Haak
Published: December 2020

Findings on sleep bruxism (SB) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are controversial, and some of these findings have relied on in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG). We aimed to identify the factors associated with SB episodes in 100 patients with OSAS using in-laboratory PSG records. Subjects with OSAS were divided into those with and without SB episodes. We analyzed the differences in patient characteristics and PSG indices. Age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, neck, waist, and hip circumferences, and the rates of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were not significantly different between the two groups. A greater proportion of stage N2 sleep in the total sleep time, longer total sleep time, longer sleep time in a supine position, shorter sleep time in a nonsupine position, lower apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), lower AHI regardless of sleeping position, lower AHI during nonrapid eye movement sleep, and higher mean oxygen saturation level were associated with SB episodes in patients with OSAS. Among these factors, longer sleep time in a supine position remained a statistically significant factor in multivariate analysis. We conclude that longer sleep time in a supine position (especially >280 min) might be associated with SB episodes in patients with OSAS.
Assessment of Existing Bond Models for Externally Bonded SRP Composites
Authors: Krzywoń Rafał
Published: December 2020

This manuscript assessed the applicability of the existing ultimate bond formulas originally developed for externally bonded carbon fiber-based composites in the analysis of steel-reinforced polymers (SRPs). In the first part, the methods of predicting the bond capacity are reviewed, the differences are indicated, and the factors determining the bond are discussed; then, using the bond test results of over 400 samples available in the literature, the bond prediction methods are assessed by graphical comparison. The evaluation mainly concerned concrete elements and epoxy adhesives; however, to a lesser extent, a similar analysis was performed for the masonry substrate and grout matrices. The results showed the relatively good applicability of the majority of bond prediction models for the analysis of SRP composites. In most cases, the ultimate bond force was slightly underestimated, which was beneficial in the design of this type of strengthening. Larger discrepancies concerned weaker grout matrices.
A Node Virtualization Scheme for Structured Overlay Networks Based on Multiple Different Time Intervals
Authors: Kawakami Tomoya
Published: December 2020

Sensor data which relate to the specific geographical positions, areas, and time are strongly expected in IoT. The author has studied overlay networks to efficiently process interval queries which have specific time intervals and the actual users tend to request. However, unfairness and a concentration of the loads occur for the specific processing computer (node) in the previous method because the density of data or those generators/providers is different from those related values. In this paper, the author proposes the enhanced scheme for structured overlay networks based on multiple different time intervals. The proposed method uses node virtualization to equalize the loads of each real (physical) node. The simulation results showed that the proposed method can increase the fairness of the number of the assigned data among physical nodes.
Biomechanical Particularities in the Therapy of the Rheumatic Knee
Authors: Biehl Christoph , Heinrich Martin , Biehl Lotta , Knapp Gero , Heiss Christian , Thormann Ulrich
Published: December 2020

In rheumatoid arthritis, the joints of the lower extremities are almost always affected. This is most conspicuous in the knee joint. In rheumatics, inflammatory osteoarthritis manifests itself comparably earlier than in patients with osteoarthritis. The focus of attention was primarily on the synovia with its destruction process and secondary changes. Now, driven by experimental research, dendritic cells and fibroblasts and molecular features are moving into the clinician’s field of vision. Even in joints that appear to be in remission with no swelling or pain, the activity of these cells leads to changes in the capsule-ligaments. The complex deformities and instabilities caused by this, in conjunction with atrophy of the inter-articular musculature, have an impact on the activities of daily life (ADL). If these biomechanical aspects of the knee joint are not taken into account early on in therapy, the frequency of primary and secondary surgical treatment increases. The timely recognition of biomechanical pathologies and consistent treatment can contribute to improving the patient situation in addition to adequate medication therapy.
Particle Size Influence on the Transport Classification Labels and Other Flammability Characteristics of Powders
Authors: Castells Blanca , Amez Isabel , Medic Ljiljana , García Torrent Javier
Published: December 2020

Dust explosions and fires pose an industrial safety problem, due to the human and material losses caused by them. As many fuel processes and material transport generate powder particles, the effect of granulometry in different flammability properties has been studied to define the relationship between both. Deep knowledge of this relationship reduces the self-ignition and self-combustion processes, and the accidents associated with these processes. In this study, six different samples, including biomass, charcoal, and dog food, are tested in three different particle sizes, so differences in their flammability behavior could be appreciated (not only considering fine particles, but also coarse samples). The transport classification test was carried out, obtaining significant results in two samples, where the same material did not self-ignite when tested at its coarse size, but it did when tested at fine particle size. Similar results were obtained when analyzing initial temperature for related-combustion gasses emission: the finer the particle size, the lower the initial temperature. To understand the heat mechanisms, thermal analyses were performed, such as thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, a self-ignition risk was assessed for all samples according to their activation energy and characteristic temperature. All the test results lead to conclude that biomasses easily start self-heating process, but its composition difficult the heat transmission to reach self-ignition, while charcoals are more susceptible to self-ignition.
Discretely Tunable Multiwavelength Visible Laser Based on Cascaded Frequency Conversion Processes
Authors: Lv Xinlin , Chen Junchi , Peng Yujie , Huang Zhiyuan , Long Yingbin , Wang Xinliang , Liu Guanting , Leng Yuxin
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate a discretely tunable multiwavelength visible laser through second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG) of multiorder Stokes lasers generated from an external Raman laser oscillator. The Raman laser oscillator, driven by a 1064 nm laser with an energy of 120 mJ, is based on a cascade of Ba(NO3)2 and two axial orthogonal KGd(WO4)2 crystals. Through adjusting the angle of the SHG/SFG crystal, we obtain 16 visible wavelengths with a wide range from 579.5–658.4 nm. In addition, we investigate the output energy and conversion efficiency of the resulting laser with various phase-matching angles. We show that the maximum energy of the visible laser is 8.87 mJ with five wavelengths, and the corresponding total conversion efficiency is 7.4%. These experimental results demonstrate a practical and effective method of generating a discretely tunable multiwavelength visible laser.
The Influence of Political Factors on the Architecture of Ducal Castles Owned by the Griffin Dynasty
Authors: Gołębiewski Jakub Ignacy
Published: December 2020

The subject of the article is an analysis of the ideological and political factors that influenced the architectural transformation of ducal residences which belonged to the Griffin dynasty during the Prussian-German and later Polish rule. The article verifies the scale of this impact and the formal effects of actions taken in the context of the entire Pomeranian Duchy. The research is based on a selected set of ducal castles from the Pomeranian region and uses analytical and comparative methods. In the course of the research, it was possible to confirm the influence of political and ideological factors on the status of the preserved heritage of the Pomeranian Dukes, both on the part of the Prussian-German and Polish authorities. In both cases, these actions were caused by the desire to take over symbolic control over the space after territorial changes. These actions were aimed either at eliminating elements foreign to a given nation and state from the cultural landscape of Pomerania or at their transformation and familiarization. In the process of transforming ducal castles, utility factors also played a significant role in the Prussian-German period, while after 1945 the important factor was the then conservation doctrine.
Optimal Control of a Multilayer Electroelastic Engine with a Longitudinal Piezoeffect for Nanomechatronics Systems
Authors: Afonin Sergey M.
Published: December 2020

A electroelastic engine with a longitudinal piezoeffect is widely used in nanotechnology for nanomanipulators, laser systems, nanopumps, and scanning microscopy. For these nanomechatronics systems, the transition between individual positions of the systems in the shortest possible time is relevant. It is relevant to solve the problem of optimizing the nanopositioning control system with a minimum control time. This work determines the optimal control of a multilayer electroelastic engine with a longitudinal piezoeffect and minimal control time for an optimal nanomechatronics system. The expressions of the control function and switching line are obtained with using the Pontryagin maximum principle for the optimal control system of the multilayer electroelastic engine at a longitudinal piezoeffect with an ordinary second-order differential equation of system. In this optimal nanomechatronics system, the control function takes only two values and changes once.
Cobalt Based Catalysts on Alkali-Activated Zeolite Foams for N2O Decomposition
Authors: Tišler Zdeněk , Klegová Anna , Svobodová Eliška , Šafář Jan , Strejcová Kateřina , Kohout Jan , Šlang Stanislav , Pacultová Kateřina , Rodríguez-Padrón Daily , Bulánek Roman
Published: December 2020

In this work, we studied the effect of alkali-activated zeolite foams modifications on properties and catalytic activity of cobalt phases in the process of catalytic decomposition of N2O. The zeolite foam supports were prepared by alkali activation of natural zeolite followed by acid leaching and ion exchange. The cobalt catalysts were synthesised by a different deposition technique (direct ion exchange (DIE) and incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) method of cobalt on zeolite foams. For comparison, catalysts on selected supports were prepared and the properties of all were compared in catalytic tests in the pellet form and as crushed catalysts to determine the effect of internal diffusion. The catalysts and supports were in detail characterized by a variety of techniques. The catalyst activity strongly depended on the structure of support and synthesis procedure of a cobalt catalyst. Ion exchange method provided active phase with higher surface areas and sites with better reducibility, both of these factors contributed to higher N2O conversions of more than 80% at 450 °C. A large influence can also be attributed to the presence of alkali metals, in particular, potassium, which resulted in a modification of electronic and acid base properties of the cobalt oxide phase on the catalyst surface. The promotional effect of potassium is better reducibility of cobalt species.
Correction: Michielsen, I., et al. Altering Conversion and Product Selectivity of Dry Reforming of Methane in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge by Changing the Dielectric Packing Material. Catalysts 2019, 9, 51
Authors: Michielsen Inne , Uytdenhouwen Yannick , Bogaerts Annemie , Meynen Vera
Published: December 2020

We have found some inadvertent errors in our paper published in Catalysts [...]
Porphyrin–Nanodiamond Hybrid Materials—Active, Stable and Reusable Cyclohexene Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Dias Lucas D. , Rodrigues Fábio M. S. , Calvete Mário J. F. , Carabineiro Sónia A. C. , Scherer Marisa D. , Caires Anderson R. L. , Buijnsters Josephus G. , Figueiredo José L. , Bagnato Vanderlei S. , Pereira Mariette M.
Published: December 2020

The quest for active, yet “green” non-toxic catalysts is a continuous challenge. In this work, covalently linked hybrid porphyrin–nanodiamonds were prepared via ipso nitro substitution reaction and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The amine-functionalized nanodiamonds (ND@NH2) and 2-nitro-5,10,15,20-tetra(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)porphyrin covalently linked to nanodiamonds (ND@βNH-TPPpCF3) were tested using Allium cepa as a plant model, and showed neither phytotoxicity nor cytotoxicity. The hybrid nanodiamond–copper(II)–porphyrin material ND@βNH-TPPpCF3-Cu(II) was also evaluated as a reusable catalyst in cyclohexene allylic oxidation, and displayed a remarkable turnover number (TON) value of ≈265,000, using O2 as green oxidant, in the total absence of sacrificial additives, which is the highest activity ever reported for said allylic oxidation. Additionally, ND@βNH-TPPpCF3-Cu(II) could be easily separated from the reaction mixture by centrifugation, and reused in three consecutive catalytic cycles without major loss of activity.
Optimization of a Catalytic Chemoenzymatic Tandem Reaction for the Synthesis of Natural Stilbenes in Continuous Flow
Authors: Lackner Florian , Hiebler Katharina , Grabner Bianca , Gruber-Woelfler Heidrun
Published: December 2020

In view of the development of efficient processes for the synthesis of high-value compounds, the combination of bio- and chemocatalysis is highly promising. In addition, implementation of immobilized catalysts into continuous setups allows a straightforward separation of the target compound from the reaction mixture and ensures uniform product quality. In this work, we report the optimization of a chemoenzymatic tandem reaction in continuous flow and its extended application for the synthesis of pharmacologically active resveratrol and pterostilbene. The tandem reaction involves enzymatic decarboxylation of coumaric acid employing encapsulated phenolic acid decarboxylase from B. subtilis and a Heck coupling of the obtained vinylphenol with an aryl iodide using heterogeneous Pd-Ce-Sn oxides implemented in a packed bed reactor. By optimization of the reaction conditions for the limiting cross-coupling step, the yield of (E)-4-hydroxystilbene using the fully continuous setup could be more than doubled compared to previous work. Furthermore, the improved chemoenzymatic cascade could also be applied to the synthesis of resveratrol and pterostilbene in a continuous fashion. Leaching of the metal catalyst at high temperatures limited the process in many perspectives. Therefore, the feasibility of a reactor setup with reversed flow was experimentally evaluated and approved.
Ab Initio Multiscale Process Modeling of Ethane, Propane and Butane Dehydrogenation Reactions: A Review
Authors: Skubic Luka , Sovdat Julija , Teran Nika , Huš Matej , Kopač Drejc , Likozar Blaž
Published: December 2020

Olefins are among the most important structural building blocks for a plethora of chemical reaction products, including petrochemicals, biomaterials and pharmaceuticals. An ever-increasing economic demand has urged scientists, engineers and industry to develop novel technical methods for the dehydrogenation of parent alkane molecules. In particular, the catalysis over precious metal or metal oxide catalysts has been put forward as an alternative way route to thermal-, steam- and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). Multiscale system modeling as a tool to theoretically understand processes has in the past decade period evolved from a rudimentary measurement-complementing approach to a useful engineering environment. Not only can it predict various experimentally obtained parameters, such as conversion, activity, and selectivity, but it can help us to simulate trends, when changing applicative operating conditions, such as surface gas temperature or pressure, or even support us in the search for the type of materials, their geometrical properties and phases for a better functional performance. An overview of the current set state of the art for saturated organic short chain hydrocarbons (ethane, propane and butane) is presented. Studies that combine at least two different dimensional scales, ranging from atomistic-, bridging across mechanistic mesoscale kinetics, towards reactor- or macroscale, are focused on. Insights considering reactivity are compared.
A Genetic Programming-Based Low-Level Instructions Robot for Realtimebattle
Authors: Romero Juan , Santos Antonino , Carballal Adrian , Rodriguez-Fernandez Nereida , Santos Iria , Torrente-Patiño Alvaro , Tuñas Juan , Machado Penousal
Published: December 2020

RealTimeBattle is an environment in which robots controlled by programs fight each other. Programs control the simulated robots using low-level messages (e.g., turn radar, accelerate). Unlike other tools like Robocode, each of these robots can be developed using different programming languages. Our purpose is to generate, without human programming or other intervention, a robot that is highly competitive in RealTimeBattle. To that end, we implemented an Evolutionary Computation technique: Genetic Programming. The robot controllers created in the course of the experiments exhibit several different and effective combat strategies such as avoidance, sniping, encircling and shooting. To further improve their performance, we propose a function-set that includes short-term memory mechanisms, which allowed us to evolve a robot that is superior to all of the rivals used for its training. The robot was also tested in a bout with the winner of the previous “RealTimeBattle Championship”, which it won. Finally, our robot was tested in a multi-robot battle arena, with five simultaneous opponents, and obtained the best results among the contenders.
An Adjusted Free-Market-Inspired Approach to Mitigate Free-Riding Behavior in Peer-to-Peer Fog Computing
Authors: Kurdi Heba , Althnian Alhanoof , Abdulghani Mohannad , Alkharji Sarah
Published: December 2020

Peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture is increasingly gaining attention as a potential solution for the scalability problem facing the Internet of Things (IoT). It can be adopted for the fog computing layer to sustain the massive flow of data from constrained IoT nodes to the cloud. The success of a P2P-based system is entirely dependent on the continuity of resource sharing among individual nodes. Free riding is a severe problem that contradicts this main principle of P2P systems. It is understood that peers tend to consume resources from other peers without offering any in return. This free riding behavior can decrease system scalability and content availability, resulting in a decline in performance. Significant efforts have been made to hinder this behavior and to encourage cooperation amongst peers. To this end, we propose AFMIA, an Adjusted Free-Market-Inspired Approach that considers resources as goods that have dynamic prices based on the amount of supply and demand. Peers have wealth that can be increased by providing resources and spent by consuming them. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can successfully improve fairness without compromising on success rates.
Content-Based Image Copy Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Liang Jinchao , Wang Zi-Yi , Tsai Yi-Te , Lin Chia-Chen , Chen Chih-Cheng
Published: December 2020

With the rapid development of network technology, concerns pertaining to the enhancement of security and protection against violations of digital images have become critical over the past decade. In this paper, an image copy detection scheme based on the Inception convolutional neural network (CNN) model in deep learning is proposed. The image dataset is transferred by a number of image processing manipulations and the feature values in images are automatically extracted for learning and detecting the suspected unauthorized digital images. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme takes on an extraordinary role in the process of detecting duplicated images with rotation, scaling, and other content manipulations. Moreover, the mechanism of detecting duplicate images via a convolutional neural network model with different combinations of original images and manipulated images can improve the accuracy and efficiency of image copy detection compared with existing schemes.
Numerical Study on Novel Design for Compact Parallel-Flow Heat Exchanger with Manifolds to Improve Flow Characteristics
Authors: Kim Byunghui , Kim Kuisoon , Kim Seokho
Published: December 2020

Parallel flow heat exchangers with manifolds are widely used in various industries owing to their compact size and ease of application. Research has been conducted to understand their flow characteristics and improve flow distribution and pressure drop performance; however, it is difficult to derive generalized improvements under different conditions for each application. This study proposes a novel design to improve the flow characteristics of a compact heat exchanger with a sudden expansion area of a dividing manifold and uses computational fluid dynamics simulation to verify it. The abrupt cross-sectional area change in the dividing manifold induces a jet flow near the entry region, which causes the flow maldistribution of the first few parallel tubes. To improve the efficiency of the dividing manifold, simple and novel designs with a converging-diverging area in the manifold header have been proposed. Parametric studies on the novel designs show improvements of up to 37.5% and 52.0% flow uniformity and 2.65% and 0.74% pressure drop performance for U- and Z-types, respectively, compared to the base model. Thus, the simple and easily fabricated quadrilateral shape can improve the flow maldistribution and pressure drop caused by a dividing manifold with a sudden area expansion.
Experimental Investigations on the Influence of Coil Arrangement on Melting/Solidification Processes
Authors: Andrzejczyk R. , Kozak P. , Muszyński T.
Published: December 2020

The latent heat thermal energy storage units are very popular because of their high energy density and almost close to constant temperature during the charging/discharging. In the present study has been proposed new shell-and-coil geometry with a shifted coil position to enhance the performance of phase change thermal magazine. The experimental investigations have been performed both for the melting and solidification process of coconut oil for constant wall temperature conditions. The experiments have been carried out for cylindrical as well as coil shape geometry of the TES unit. In the case of annular TES, the copper tube with outer diameter d = 10 mm and total length equal to 165 mm were used (4). In the case of shell-and-coil TES the coil has been also made of a copper tube but with an outer diameter d = 6 mm. The total length of the tube was 460 mm. However, the length of the tube element that has been used in the process of bending the coil had a total length equal to 360 mm. The rest of the tube was straight. The coil pitch was 15 mm and the outer coil diameter was 26 mm. The experiments have been conducted for the coil position at the top and the bottom of the tank. The results showed the influence of heat transfer geometry for phase change efficiency. The article presents the thermal characteristic of melting and solidification phenomena as well as their visual analysis. A significant impact of heat transfer geometry at the shape of the melting and solidification profile. The optimal performance has been achieved for shell-and-coil TES with a coil arranged at the top of the tank.
Friends or Foes? Political Synergy or Competition between Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy
Authors: Ollier Lana , Melliger Marc , Lilliestam Johan
Published: December 2020

Energy efficiency measures and the deployment of renewable energy are commonly presented as two sides of the same coin—as necessary and synergistic measures to decarbonize energy systems and reach the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement. Here, we quantitatively investigate the policies and performances of the EU Member States to see whether renewables and energy efficiency policies are politically synergistic or if they rather compete for political attention and resources. We find that Member States, especially the ones perceived as climate leaders, tend to prioritize renewables over energy efficiency in target setting. Further, almost every country performs well in either renewable energy or energy efficiency, but rarely performs well in both. We find no support for the assertion that the policies are synergistic, but some evidence that they compete. However, multi-linear regression models for performance show that performance, especially in energy efficiency, is also strongly associated with general economic growth cycles, and not only efficiency policy as such. We conclude that renewable energy and energy efficiency are not synergistic policies, and that there is some competition between them.
An Experimental Investigation on Optimizing Liquid Repellency of Fluorochemical Urethane Finish and Its Effect on the Physical Properties of Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabric
Authors: Mehta Sunidhi
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to optimize the liquid repellency performance of fluorochemical urethane (FU)—a patented technology with a shorter fluorocarbon chain (C4). FU is free from persistent bioaccumulative toxins such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), unlike the long-chain fluorinated chemicals (>C6). Different sets of varied finish concentrations with an extender and a wetting agent were prepared to treat the 65/35% polyester/cotton blended fabric. The finish concentration was optimized based on the liquid repellency (water and oil-repellency) of the treated fabric and its laundering durability. In addition, the effect of the finish concentration on selected physical properties of the treated fabric was studied as well. The liquid repellency, laundering durability, and selected physical properties of the treated and untreated fabrics were analyzed using ASTM and AATCC standard test methods. The results of textile substrates treated with 60 g/L of FU show an optimum balance of desired liquid repellency without affecting the physical properties of the fabric significantly.
A Novel Method for Antibiotic Detection in Milk Based on Competitive Magnetic Immunodetection
Authors: Pietschmann Jan , Dittmann Dominik , Spiegel Holger , Krause Hans-Joachim , Schröper Florian
Published: December 2020

The misuse of antibiotics as well as incorrect dosage or insufficient time for detoxification can result in the presence of pharmacologically active molecules in fresh milk. Hence, in many countries, commercially available milk has to be tested with immunological, chromatographic or microbiological analytical methods to avoid consumption of antibiotic residues. Here a novel, sensitive and portable assay setup for the detection and quantification of penicillin and kanamycin in whole fat milk (WFM) based on competitive magnetic immunodetection (cMID) is described and assay accuracy determined. For this, penicillin G and kanamycin-conjugates were generated and coated onto a matrix of immunofiltration columns (IFC). Biotinylated penicillin G or kanamycin-specific antibodies were pre-incubated with antibiotics-containing samples and subsequently applied onto IFC to determine the concentration of antibiotics through the competition of antibody-binding to the antibiotic-conjugate molecules. Bound antibodies were labeled with streptavidin-coated magnetic particles and quantified using frequency magnetic mixing technology. Based on calibration measurements in WFM with detection limits of 1.33 ng·mL−1 for penicillin G and 1.0 ng·mL−1 for kanamycin, spiked WFM samples were analyzed, revealing highly accurate recovery rates and assay precision. Our results demonstrate the suitability of cMID-based competition assay for reliable and easy on-site testing of milk.
Advances in Biosynthesis and Biological Functions of Proanthocyanidins in Horticultural Plants
Authors: Yu Dan , Huang Ting , Tian Bin , Zhan Jicheng
Published: December 2020

Proanthocyanidins are colorless flavonoid polymers condensed from flavan-3-ol units. They are essential secondary plant metabolites that contribute to the nutritional value and sensory quality of many fruits and the related processed products. Mounting evidence has shown that the accumulation of proanthocyanidins is associated with the resistance of plants against a broad spectrum of abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins has been examined extensively, allowing for identifying and characterizing the key regulators controlling the biosynthetic pathway in many plants. New findings revealed that these specific regulators were involved in the proanthocyanidins biosynthetic network in response to various environmental conditions. This paper reviews the current knowledge regarding the control of key regulators in the underlying proanthocyanidins biosynthetic and molecular mechanisms in response to environmental stress. Furthermore, it discusses the directions for future research on the metabolic engineering of proanthocyanidins production to improve food and fruit crop quality.
Development of a Non-Destructive Method for Detection of the Juiciness of Pear via VIS/NIR Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometric Methods
Authors: Wang Fan , Zhao Chunjiang , Yang Guijun
Published: December 2020

Juiciness is a primary index of pear quality and freshness, which is also considered as important as sweetness for the consumers. Development of a non-destructive detection method for pear juiciness is meaningful for producers and sellers. In this study, visible−near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectroscopy combined with different spectral preprocessing methods, including normalization (NOR), first derivative (FD), detrend (DET), standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), probabilistic quotient normalization (PQN), modified optical path length estimation and correction (OPLECm), linear regression correction combined with spectral ratio (LRC-SR) and orthogonal spatial projection combined with spectral ratio (OPS-SR), was used for comparison in detection of pear juiciness. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to establish the calibration models between the preprocessing spectra (650–1100 nm) and juiciness measured by the texture analyzer. In addition, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to identify the characteristic wavelengths and simplify the PLS models. All obtained models were evaluated via Monte Carlo cross-validation (MCCV) and external validation. The PLS model established by 19 characteristic variables after LRC-SR preprocessing displayed the best prediction performance with external verification determination coefficient (R2v) of 0.93 and root mean square error (RMSEv) of 0.97%. The results demonstrate that VIS/NIR coupled with LRC-SR method can be a suitable strategy for the quick assessment of juiciness for pears.
RETRACTED: Masiá et al. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Physicochemical Properties of Fermented Plant-Based Raw Materials. Foods 2020, 9, 1182
Authors: Masiá Carmen , Jensen Poul , Buldo Patrizia
Published: December 2020

The journal retracts the article [...]
How Hormones and MADS-Box Transcription Factors Are Involved in Controlling Fruit Set and Parthenocarpy in Tomato
Authors: Molesini Barbara , Dusi Valentina , Pennisi Federica , Pandolfini Tiziana
Published: December 2020

Fruit set is the earliest phase of fruit growth and represents the onset of ovary growth after successful fertilization. In parthenocarpy, fruit formation is less affected by environmental factors because it occurs in the absence of pollination and fertilization, making parthenocarpy a highly desired agronomic trait. Elucidating the genetic program controlling parthenocarpy, and more generally fruit set, may have important implications in agriculture, considering the need for crops to be adaptable to climate changes. Several phytohormones play an important role in the transition from flower to fruit. Further complexity emerges from functional analysis of floral homeotic genes. Some homeotic MADS-box genes are implicated in fruit growth and development, displaying an expression pattern commonly observed for ovary growth repressors. Here, we provide an overview of recent discoveries on the molecular regulatory gene network underlying fruit set in tomato, the model organism for fleshy fruit development due to the many genetic and genomic resources available. We describe how the genetic modification of components of this network can cause parthenocarpy, discussing the contribution of hormonal signals and MADS-box transcription factors.
The Perception and Impact of Relative Value Units (RVUs) and Quality-of-Care Compensation in Neurosurgery: A Literature Review
Authors: Satarasinghe Praveen , Shah Darsh , Koltz Michael T.
Published: December 2020

The debate surrounding the integration of value in healthcare delivery and reimbursement reform has centered around integrating quality metrics into the current fee-for-service relative value units (RVU) payment model. Although a great amount of literature has been published on the creation and utilization of the RVU, there remains a dearth of information on how clinicians from various specialties view RVU and the quality-of-care metric in the compensation formula. The aim of this review is to analyze and consolidate existing theories on the RVU payment model in neurosurgery. Google and PubMed were searched for English-language literature describing opinions on the RVU in neurosurgery. Commentary was noted to be primary opinions if it was mentioned at least twice in the eight articles included in this review. Overall, seven primary opinions on the RVU were identified across the analyzed articles. Integration of quality into the RVU is viewed favorably by neurosurgeons with a few caveats and opportunities for further improvement.
The Role of School Social Support and School Social Climate in Dating Violence Victimization Prevention among Adolescents in Europe
Authors: Jankowiak Barbara , Jaskulska Sylwia , Sanz-Barbero Belén , Ayala Alba , Pyżalski Jacek , Bowes Nicola , De Claire Karen , Neves Sofia , Topa Joana , Rodríguez-Blázquez Carmen , Davó-Blanes María , Rosati Nicoletta , Cinque María , Mocanu Veronica , Ioan Beatrice , Chmura-Rutkowska Iwona , Waszyńska Katarzyna , Vives-Cases Carmen
Published: December 2020

The aim of the article is to show the role of school social support and school social climate in dating violence victimization prevention among adolescents in Europe. Study participants were students from secondary schools (age 13–16) in Spain, Italy, Romania, Portugal, Poland and UK. The analysis in this text concern student with dating experience (n = 993) (57.2% of girls and 66.5% of boys). School social support was measured by School Social Climate, Factor 1 Scale (CECSCE) and by Student Social Support Scale (CASSS), subscales teachers and classmates. The association between school social support and different types of dating victimization (physical and/or sexual dating violence, control dating violence and fear) was measured by calculating the prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals, estimated by Poisson regression models with robust variance. All the models were adjusted by country and by sociodemographic variables. The results show that the average values of all types of social support are significantly lower in young people who have suffered any type of dating violence or were scared of their partner. The likelihood of suffering physical and/or sexual dating violence decreased when school social support increased [PR (CI 95%): 0.96 (0.92; 0.99)]. In the same way, the likelihood of fear decreased when school social climate increased [PR (CI 95%): 0.98 (0.96; 0.99)].There is an association between school social support and school social climate and experiences of being victim of dating violence among adolescents in Europe. Our results suggest that in the prevention of dating violence building a supportive climate at schools and building/using the support of peers and teachers is important.