bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Speed CMOS Frequency Dividers with Symmetric In-Phase and Quadrature Waveforms
Authors: Park Sungkyung , Park Chester Sungchung
Published: May 2016

Frequency dividers are used in frequency synthesizers to generate specific frequencies or clock (CK) waveforms. As consequences of their operating principles, frequency dividers often produce output waveforms that exhibit duty cycles other than 50%. However, some circuits and systems, including dynamic memory systems and data converters, which accommodate frequency divider outputs, may need symmetric or 50%-duty-cycle clock waveforms to optimize timing margins or to obtain sufficient timing reliability. In this review paper, design principles and methods are studied to produce symmetric waveforms for the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) outputs of high-speed CMOS frequency dividers with design considerations from the logic gate level down to the transistor level in terms of speed, reliability, noise, and latency. A compact and robust multi-gigahertz frequency divider with moduli 12, 14, and 16 to provide I and Q outputs with 50% duty cycle is proposed and designed using a 90-nm digital CMOS process technology with 1.2-V supply.
Cosmic microwave background and cosmic polarization rotation: An experimentalist view
Authors: de Bernardis Paolo , Masi Silvia
Published: May 2016

In this note, we discuss the prospect of accurate measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization rotation with future surveys. We focus on instrumental issues, analyzing the required improvements in detection methods and calibration procedures, and discuss the impact of these requirements in the design and optimization of forthcoming CMB polarimeters.
FRACTAL TRIGONOMETRIC POLYNOMIALS FOR RESTRICTED RANGE APPROXIMATION
Authors: CHAND A. K. B. , NAVASCUÉS M. A. , VISWANATHAN P. , KATIYAR S. K.
Published: May 2016

One-sided approximation tackles the problem of approximation of a prescribed function by simple traditional functions such as polynomials or trigonometric functions that lie completely above or below it. In this paper, we use the concept of fractal interpolation function (FIF), precisely of fractal trigonometric polynomials, to construct one-sided uniform approximants for some classes of continuous functions.
Collaborative Annotation of Videos Relying on Weak Consistency
Authors: Wilk Stefan , Kopf Stephan , Effelsberg Wolfgang
Published: May 2016

This work discusses a distributed interactive video system that supports video annotation using simultaneous hyperlinking by multiple users. The users mark and annotate objects within the video with links to other media such as text, images, websites, or other videos. Annotations are visualized on the client user interface as an overlay close to the objects. Our system is intuitive to use; for example, it contains automatic object-tracking functionality that correctly positions the annotations, even when the form or location of an object changes. Thus, our first contribution discusses the adaptive object-tracking algorithm used for this repositioning. It shows improved precision and reliability in comparison to nonadaptive algorithms. A second key issue is to keep the system responsive when the number of concurrent annotators increases. Thus, we rely on the concept of eventual consistency between different network entities. While this weak form of consistency allows temporary inconsistencies, it ensures that a consistent state can be reached. Thus, the second contribution is the design and evaluation of our distributed interactive video system, which relies on the weak consistency paradigm.
Comparative Area and Parasitics Analysis in FinFET and Heterojunction Vertical TFET Standard Cells
Authors: Kim Moon Seok , Cane-Wissing William , Li Xueqing , Sampson Jack , Datta Suman , Gupta Sumeet Kumar , Narayanan Vijaykrishnan
Published: May 2016

Vertical tunnel field-effect transistors (VTFETs) have been extensively explored to overcome the scaling limits and to improve on-current (

I
ON

) compared to standard lateral device structures for the future technologies. The benefits in terms of reduced footprint, high

I
ON

and feasibility of fabrication have been demonstrated in several works. Among various VTFETs, the asymmetric heterojunction vertical tunnel FETs (HVTFETs) have emerged as one of the promising alternatives to standard transistors for low-voltage applications. However, while such device-level benefits without parasitics have been widely investigated, logic-gate design with parasitics and layout implications are not clear. In this article, we investigate and compare the layouts and parasitic capacitances and resistances of HVTFETs with FinFETs. Due to the vertical device structure of HVTFETs, a smaller footprint is observed compared to FinFETs in cells with small fan-in. However, for high fan-in cells, HVTFETs exhibit area overheads due to infeasibility of contact sharing in parallel and series transistors. These area overheads also lead to approximately 48% higher parasitic capacitance and resistance compared to FinFETs when the number of parallel and series connections increases. Further, in order to analyze the impact of parasitics, we modeled the analytical parasitics in SPICE. The models for both HVTFETs and FinFETs with parasitics were used to simulate a 15-stage inverter-based ring oscillator (RO) in order to compare the delay and energy. Our simulation results clearly show that HVTFETs exhibit less delay at a

V
DD

< 0.45 V and higher energy efficiency for

V
DDs

in the range of 0.3V--0.7V, albeit at the cost of 8% performance degradation.
Almost Sure Stability of Stochastic Neural Networks with Time Delays in the Leakage Terms
Authors: Song Mingzhu , Zhu Quanxin , Zhou Hongwei
Published: May 2016

The stability issue is investigated for a class of stochastic neural networks with time delays in the leakage terms. Different from the previous literature, we are concerned with the almost sure stability. By using the LaSalle invariant principle of stochastic delay differential equations, Itô’s formula, and stochastic analysis theory, some novel sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the almost sure stability of the equilibrium point. In particular, the weak infinitesimal operator of Lyapunov functions in this paper is not required to be negative, which is necessary in the study of the traditional moment stability. Finally, two numerical examples and their simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results and demonstrate that time delays in the leakage terms do contribute to the stability of stochastic neural networks.
A Novel SMOTE-Based Classification Approach to Online Data Imbalance Problem
Authors: Gong Chunlin , Gu Liangxian
Published: May 2016

In many practical engineering applications, data are usually collected in online pattern. However, if the classes of these data are severely imbalanced, the classification performance will be restricted. In this paper, a novel classification approach is proposed to solve the online data imbalance problem by integrating a fast and efficient learning algorithm, that is, Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), and a typical sampling strategy, that is, the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE). To reduce the severe imbalance, the granulation division for major-class samples is made according to the samples’ distribution characteristic, and the original samples are replaced by the obtained granule core to prepare a balanced sample set. In online stage, we firstly make granulation division for minor-class and then conduct oversampling using SMOTE in the region around granule core and granule border. Therefore, the training sample set is gradually balanced and the online ELM model is dynamically updated. We also theoretically introduce fuzzy information entropy to prove that the proposed approach has the lower bound of model reliability after undersampling. Numerical experiments are conducted on two different kinds of datasets, and the results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms some state-of-the-art methods in terms of the generalization performance and numerical stability.
Iterative Methods for Solving the Fractional Form of Unsteady Axisymmetric Squeezing Fluid Flow with Slip and No-Slip Boundaries
Authors: Hemeda A. A. , Eladdad E. E.
Published: May 2016

An unsteady axisymmetric flow of nonconducting, Newtonian fluid squeezed between two circular plates is proposed with slip and no-slip boundaries. Using similarity transformation, the system of nonlinear partial differential equations of motion is reduced to a single fourth-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. By using the basic definitions of fractional calculus, we introduced the fractional order form of the fourth-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The resulting boundary value fractional problems are solved by the new iterative and Picard methods. Convergence of the considered methods is confirmed by obtaining absolute residual errors for approximate solutions for various Reynolds number. The comparisons of the solutions for various Reynolds number and various values of the fractional order confirm that the two methods are identical and therefore are suitable for solving this kind of problems. Finally, the effects of various Reynolds number on the solution are also studied graphically.
A Method of Finding Source Function for Inverse Diffusion Problem with Time-Fractional Derivative
Authors: Gülkaç Vildan
Published: May 2016

The Homotopy Perturbation Method is developed to find a source function for inverse diffusion problem with time-fractional derivative. The inverse problem is with variable coefficients and initial and boundary conditions. The analytical solutions to the inverse problems are obtained in the form of a finite convergent power series with easily obtainable components.
RAGE Expression and ROS Generation in Neurons: Differentiation versus Damage
Authors: Piras S. , Furfaro A. L. , Domenicotti C. , Traverso N. , Marinari U. M. , Pronzato M. A. , Nitti M.
Published: May 2016

RAGE is a multiligand receptor able to bind advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs), amphoterin, calgranulins, and amyloid‐beta peptides, identified in many tissues and cells, including neurons. RAGE stimulation induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly through the activity of NADPH oxidases. In neuronal cells, RAGE‐induced ROS generation is able to favor cell survival and differentiation or to induce death through the imbalance of redox state. The dual nature of RAGE signaling in neurons depends not only on the intensity of RAGE activation but also on the ability of RAGE‐bearing cells to adapt to ROS generation. In this review we highlight these aspects of RAGE signaling regulation in neuronal cells.
Rationale for Developing a Specimen Bank to Study the Pathogenesis of High-Grade Serous Carcinoma: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Sherman Mark E. , Drapkin Ronny I. , Horowitz Neil S. , Crum Christopher P. , Friedman Sue , Kwon Janice S. , Levine Douglas A. , Shih Ie-Ming , Shoupe Donna , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Walker Joan , Trabert Britton , Greene Mark H. , Samimi Goli , Temkin Sarah M. , Minasian Lori M.
Published: May 2016

Women with clinically detected high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) generally present with advanced-stage disease, which portends a poor prognosis, despite extensive surgery and intensive chemotherapy. Historically, HGSCs were presumed to arise from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), but the inability to identify early-stage HGSCs and their putative precursors in the ovary dimmed prospects for advancing our knowledge of the pathogenesis of these tumors and translating these findings into effective prevention strategies. Over the last decade, increased BRCA1/2 mutation testing coupled with performance of risk-reducing surgeries has enabled studies that have provided strong evidence that many, but probably not all, HGSCs among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers appear to arise from the fallopian tubes, rather than from the ovaries. This shift in our understanding of the pathogenesis of HGSCs provides an important opportunity to achieve practice changing advances; however, the scarcity of clinically annotated tissues containing early lesions, particularly among women at average risk, poses challenges to progress. Accordingly, we review studies that have kindled our evolving understanding of the pathogenesis of HGSC and present the rationale for developing an epidemiologically annotated national specimen resource to support this research. Cancer Prev Res; 9(9); 713–20. ©2016 AACR.
Fibrin Glue Spray as a Simple and Promising Method to Prevent Bleeding after Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Tan Eng Soon , Wang Hua , Lua Guan Way , Liu Feng , Shi Xin Gang , Li Zhao Shen
Published: May 2016

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of fibrin glue (FG) in preventing delayed bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods: From 2011 to 2014, 423 patients undergoing gastric ESDs were studied retrospectively. After excluding 26 patients, 397 were enrolled. The post-ESD wounds were treated with only coagrasper/clips before April 2013. After that, additional FG spray was utilized for wound closure. The post-ESD bleeding rates were compared between the FG group (patients with postoperative use of FG) and the non-FG group (patients without the use of FG). Results: A total of 397 lesions were successfully resected from 397 patients. The FG group significantly had more risk factors predisposing to delayed bleeding, such as advanced age, larger specimen size, more cancerous lesions and longer operation time. There was no significant difference in gender, comorbidity, lesion locations, numbers of coagrasper and hemoclips used between the 2 groups. The total rate of delayed bleeding was 4.53% (18/397). There were 18 cases of delayed bleeding (5.98%) in the non-FG group and none in the FG group (p = 0.03). Univariate analysis showed that FG reduced the risk of delayed bleeding significantly (p = 0.03). Conclusion: FG was simple and effective in preventing delayed bleeding after gastric ESDs.
Not All Patients with a Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumour Will Benefit from All Approved or Recommended Therapeutic Options: A Real-Life Retrospective Study
Authors: Berdelou Amandine , Boige Valérie , Arfi-Rouche Julia , Malka David , Ederhy Stéphane , Izzedine Hassan , Leboulleux Sophie , Chougnet Cécile N. , Burtin Pascal , De Baere Thierry , Laplanche Agnès , Elias Dominique , Schlumberger Martin , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Ducreux Michel , Baudin Eric
Published: May 2016

Background: At least nine therapeutic options are recommended or approved for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (pNET). The primary endpoint of this study was to determine the number of therapeutic lines given before death. Secondary endpoints were to determine toxic events as a function of number of therapeutic lines and of time. Methods: Patients with pNET treated between 1998 and 2010 at our centre were characterised. All therapeutic lines were recorded as well as tumour- or toxic-related deaths. Persistent treatment-related toxicity (PTRT) was defined as: chronic kidney disease, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, severe liver failure, cardiac failure and recurrent sepsis, precluding at least one other therapeutic option or second cancers. Results: Ninety-two patients were analysed. The median follow-up was 7 years. The 1-, 2- and 5-year overall survival rates were 90, 81 and 51%, respectively. After 3 and 5 therapeutic lines, 23 and 50% of patients had died, respectively. After 3 and 5 lines, the frequency of toxic events was 8 and 24%, respectively. Overall, 17 toxic events were observed including 6 treatment-related deaths and 11 PTRT. After 1, 2 and 5 years of treatment, the frequency of toxic events was 6, 9 and 16%, respectively. Conclusion: Tumour- and toxic-related deaths as well as PTRT may preclude access to all therapeutic options in patients with pNET. Optimised risk benefit sequence should be investigated.
Bridges and Breaches in the History of European Spirituality
Authors: Bos David J. , Rouwhorst Gerard
Published: May 2016

Introduction to a double thematic issue, the second part of which will appear in print in 2017. The authors argue that a truly historical understanding of spirituality is complicated by the historical claims of present-day proponents of spirituality, as well by the commonplace that “spirituality” is distinct from, or an alternative to “institutional religion.” This conceptual opposition itself merits scholarly analysis, as do appropriations of the past – both being indicative of the self-understanding of those involved.
Modeling Financial Losses Resulting from Tornadoes in European Countries
Authors: Grieser Jürgen , Terenzi Francesca
Published: May 2016

Tornadoes are a notorious, common threat to human life and property in the United States. Although less common, violent tornadoes are also reported in Europe. The authors aim for an estimation of the average annual loss ratio of European buildings due to tornadoes. An aggregated loss model is used that takes as input the tornado intensity distribution over the Fujita scale (F scale), the distribution of tornado footprint sizes per F class, the vulnerability of European buildings, and the average occurrence rate of tornadoes. Information about these variables is taken from the European Severe Weather Database and, where needed, from the U.S. Storm Prediction Center tornado database, which contains about 16 times more records. However, both databases are biased. Weak tornadoes are underrepresented. Therefore a bias-corrected tornado intensity distribution is used, with its uncertainty taken from the literature. Individual tornadoes are modeled as moving Rankine vortices creating elliptic footprints with correlated length and width. This allows for the estimation of the area fraction of a tornado footprint with lower wind speeds than the maximum wind speed, which is generally used to attribute an intensity. This approach is applied to define effective vulnerability functions of European buildings. A major result is that an expected 90% of the tornadoes contribute only about 1% to the average loss, while the rare F4 tornadoes contribute more than 40% of losses. Given that most national tornado databases in Europe contain tornado records for recent years only and few (if any) violent tornadoes, observed losses can lead to a remarkable underestimation of tornado risk in Europe.
Reflections
Authors: Hu Amanda
Published: May 2016

Many young people look forward to volunteering abroad and overlook the ample volunteer opportunities at home. There are several advantages to volunteering at home: you help people in your own community; you can make a long‐term commitment; and you have continuity of care for your patients. There are >1200 free clinics in the United States whose main goal is to provide care to the indigent population. These free clinics are always looking for volunteers with specialized medical training. This article reviews the medically related and unrelated volunteer opportunities available in the United States. Volunteering at home is a worthwhile experience, and I encourage the otolaryngology community to explore these opportunities.
Pathologic Findings of the Cochlea in Labyrinthitis Ossificans Associated with the Round Window Membrane
Authors: Kaya Serdar , Paparella Michael M. , Cureoglu Sebahattin
Published: May 2016

Objective

To quantitatively demonstrate and classify the histopathologic changes in the cochlea of the human temporal bones with labyrinthitis ossificans (LO).

Study Design

Comparative human temporal bone study.

Setting

Tertiary academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

We compared 23 temporal bone specimens from 19 deceased donors with LO associated with the round window membrane (RWM) and 27 age‐matched specimens from 20 deceased donors without any otologic diseases. We focused on the location of LO in the inner ear, the intensity of endolymphatic hydrops, the number of spiral ganglion cells and cochlear hair cells, and the areas of the stria vascularis and spiral ligament. In addition, we created a new pathologic grading system for temporal bone specimens from deceased donors with LO associated with the RWM.

Results

We most often observed LO in the scala tympani of the basal cochlear turn. In the LO group (as compared with the control group), the intensity of endolymphatic hydrops was significantly increased; the number of spiral ganglion cells was significantly decreased in all segments; the loss of outer and inner hair cells was significantly increased in all turns of the cochlea; the atrophy of the stria vascularis was significantly greater in all turns of the cochlea; and atrophy of the spiral ligament was significantly greater in the basal and middle cochlear turn.

Conclusion

LO was associated with significant cochlear damage (to the spiral ganglion cells, cochlear hair cells, stria vascularis, and spiral ligament) and with increased intensity of endolymphatic hydrops.
Therapeutic effect of JAK1/2 blockade on the manifestations of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in mice
Authors: Maschalidi Sophia , Sepulveda Fernando E. , Garrigue Alexandrine , Fischer Alain , de Saint Basile Geneviève
Published: May 2016

Key Points

Treatment with clinical dose of JAK1/2 inhibitor (ruxolitinib) countered manifestations of HLH in 2 cytotoxicity-impaired murine models. JAK1/2 inhibitor therapy in mice is effective on survival, cytopenia, inflammatory syndrome, central nervous system involvement, and liver tissue repair.
The Effect of Lipid Emulsion on Pharmacokinetics of Bupivacaine in Rats: Long-Chain Triglyceride Versus Long- and Medium-Chain Triglyceride
Authors: Tang Wan , Wang Quanguang , Shi Kejian , Dong Jiaojiao , Lin Shengxian , Zhao Shishi , Wu Cong , Xia Yun , Papadimos Thomas J. , Xu Xuzhong
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND:

Lipid infusions have been proposed to treat local anesthetic–induced cardiac toxicity. This study compared the effects of long-chain triglyceride (LCT) emulsions with those of long- and medium-chain triglyceride (LCT/MCT) emulsions on the pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine in a rat model.

METHODS:

After administration of intravenous infusion of bupivacaine at 2 mg·kg−1·min−1 for 5 minutes in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, either Intralipid 20%, an LCT emulsion (LCT group, n = 6), or Lipovenoes 20%, an LCT/MCT emulsion (LCT/MCT group, n = 6), was infused at 2mg·kg−1·min−1 for 5 minutes. The concentrations of total plasma bupivacaine and bupivacaine that were not bound by lipid (lipid unbound) were measured by a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method. A 2-compartmental analysis was performed to calculate the lipid-bound percentage of bupivacaine and its pharmacokinetics.

RESULTS:

In the LCT group, the clearance (15 ± 2 vs 10 ± 1 mL·min−1·kg−1, P = .003) was higher; the volume of distribution (0.57 ± 0.10 vs 0.36 ± 0.11 L·kg−1, P = .007) and K21 (0.0100 ± 0.0018 vs 0.0070 ± 0.0020 min−1, P = .021, P′ = .032) were larger; and the area under the blood concentration–time curve 0 − t; (605 ± 82 vs 867 ± 110 mgL−1·min−1, P =.001) and the area under the blood concentration–time curve (0 − ∞) (697 ± 111 vs 991 ± 121 mgL−1·min−1, P =.001) were less, when compared with the LCT/MCT group.

CONCLUSIONS:

LCT emulsions are more effective than LCT/MCT emulsions in the metabolism of bupivacaine through demonstration of a superior pharmacokinetic profile.
The Antiallodynic Effects of Nefopam Are Mediated by the Adenosine Triphosphate–Sensitive Potassium Channel in a Neuropathic Pain Model
Authors: Koh Won Uk , Shin Jin Woo , Bang Ji-Yeon , Kim Sae Gyeol , Song Jun-Gol
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND:

Nefopam hydrochloride is a centrally acting compound that induces antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic properties in neuropathic pain models. Previous reports have shown that activation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive and calcium-activated potassium (KATP and KCa2+) channels has antiallodynic effects in neuropathic pain. In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between potassium channels and nefopam to determine whether the antiallodynic effects of nefopam are mediated by potassium channels in a neuropathic pain model.

METHODS:

Mechanical allodynia was induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rats, and the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was evaluated by the use of von Frey filaments. Nefopam was administered intraperitoneally before or after SNL. We assessed the relationship between nefopam and intrathecal injection of the KCa2+ channel antagonists apamin and charybdotoxin, and the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide to assess their abilities to reverse the antiallodynic effects of nefopam. In addition, we evaluated whether the KATP channel opener pinacidil had antiallodynic effects and promoted the antiallodynic effects of nefopam.

RESULTS:

Administration of nefopam before and after SNL induced significant antiallodynic effects (P < .01, respectively), which were significantly reduced by glibenclamide (P < .01). Pinacidil improved the antiallodynic effects of nefopam (P < .01); however, apamin and charybdotoxin had little effects on the antiallodynic properties of nefopam.

CONCLUSIONS:

The antiallodynic effects of nefopam are increased by a KATP channel agonist and reversed by a KATP channel antagonist. These data suggest that the KATP channel is involved in the antiallodynic effects of nefopam in a neuropathic pain model.
Kinectin-dependent ER transport supports the focal complex maturation required for chemotaxis in shallow gradients
Authors: Ng Inn Chuan , Pawijit Pornteera , Teo Lee Ying , Li Huipeng , Lee Shu Ying , Yu Hanry
Published: May 2016

Chemotaxis in shallow gradients of chemoattractants is accomplished by preferential maintenance of protrusions oriented towards the chemoattractant; however, the mechanism of preferential maintenance is not known. Here, we test the hypothesis that kinectin-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transport supports focal complex maturation to preferentially maintain correctly oriented protrusions. We knocked down kinectin expression in MDA-MB-231 cells using small interfering RNA and observed that kinectin contributes to the directional bias, but not the speed, of cell migration. Kymograph analysis revealed that the extension of protrusions oriented towards the chemoattractant was not affected by kinectin knockdown, but that their maintenance was. Immunofluorescence staining and live-cell imaging demonstrated that kinectin transports ER preferentially to protrusions oriented towards the chemoattractant. ER then promotes the maturation of focal complexes into focal adhesions to maintain these protrusions for chemotaxis. Our results show that kinectin-dependent ER distribution can be localized by chemoattractants and provide a mechanism for biased protrusion choices during chemotaxis in shallow gradients of chemoattractants.
Substituent Effect of Formyl Group on Photochemical Properties of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)Benzazole Derivative
Authors: Honda Takuya , Ishida Yuka , Arai Tatsuo
Published: May 2016

Introduction of a formyl group greatly increased the fluorescence emission of the tautomer produced via intramolecular hydrogen-atom transfer reaction of 2-hydroxybenzazole (HBX) derivatives.
Peripheral Blood Flow Regulation in Human Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Limberg Jacqueline K. , Morgan Barbara J. , Schrage William G.
Published: May 2016

Both obesity and metabolic syndrome are important cardiovascular disease risk factors. In this review, we explore the hypothesis that young obese adults and adults with metabolic syndrome exhibit alterations in blood flow regulation that occur before the onset of overt cardiovascular dysfunction.
Formation and Development of Functional and Cost Analysis in HR Management
Authors: Веретехина  , Veretekhina Svetlana , Кириллов  , Kirillov Andrey
Published: May 2016

The article describes the formation and development of the method of functional cost analysis (FCA). From the point of view of history the fi rst use of the method is

considered: functional model – perfect fi nal version. The article considers works of domestic and foreign designers that use the DAF method to reduce costs at each

stage of the life cycle of high technology products. It is determined that the result of increasing the effi ciency of the organization is to improve the activity of

managerial staff . The basic problem, which is solved using the FCA to manage. The basic directions of activity of the enterprise when conducting a functional cost

analysis are identifi ed. It justifi es expediency of use of the software in case of partial transfer of auxiliary functions to automated systems. The authors suggest ways

to improve the FSA in personnel management. The total economic impact functional cost analysis in HR management is summed. Prospects for further development

of FCA are identifi ed. Main benefi ts of the use of functional cost analysis are found. The ways of improvement of functional cost analysis in the domestic management

of the personnel are determined, which give the total economic eff ect not only in terms of money in terms of cost savings, but also to provide a new, more qualitative

approach in the processes of personnel management.
Application of Non-Standard Forms of Employment at Modern Labor-Market
Authors: Абдулхаирова  , Abdulkhairova E.
Published: May 2016

The article is dedicated to the investigation of the problem of infl uence of information technologies on the emergence of non-traditional forms of employment.

The advantages and disadvantages of new forms of employment, the problems that they cause in the fi eld of social-labor relations are defi ned. The basic problems

of formation and development of non-standard forms of employment on the Russian labour market. Assesses the present state of non-standard employment in the

Russian Federation. The authors come to the conclusion that non-standard employment in Russia has many specifi c characteristics and problems. The state has

to play the role of a catalyst of cooperation and collaboration between employers, trade unions, local authorities in ensuring maximum and eff ective employment.

This approach will allow using the most positive aspects of non-standard employment, such as fl exibility, adaptability to changes in technology and methods

of production and so on.
Developing the Complex System of Labour Effi ciency Management Indices at Food Retails
Authors: Нагибина  , Nagibina N.
Published: May 2016

The labour effi ciency in food retails can be only evaluated by the system of indices which characterize various aspects of labour management. Developing the system

of labour efficiency management includes defi ning the aims and valuation objects, choosing the indices structure, methodology, methods and tools of their

measurements. The proposed approach to the development of labour efficiency indices system in food retails is based on the M. Hammer and L. Hershman model

which consists of the result indices and factor indices such as time consumption, work quality and cost of merchanting service within standards of a particular

trading format of food retails. A list of labour efficiency indices has been made based on the public reports of the leading food retails. To evaluate the indices data,

the“Traffi c Light” model is suggested. A number of requirements for making labour efficiency reports have been presented.
Smart Education As a Perspective for Systemic Change of the School in the Digital Era
Authors: Цветкова  , Tsvetkova Marina
Published: May 2016

The new concept of “digital education” and “smart education” is debated, but there is an important material for International Studies, which is

summarized in publications on the offi cial website IITE http://ru.iite.unesco.org/publications/. The problem of digital education deployment in diff erent

countries, including Russia, has already approaches and solutions, which can be described as digital pedagogy - pedagogy of the information society.
Influence of Regional Labour Market on the Professional Identity of Students
Authors: Пахомова  , Pakhomova E.
Published: May 2016

The article considers the problems of infl uence of labour market on the professional identity of students, cooperation of social partners and educational

institutions for youth employment providing. The problem of youth fall in unemployment on the basis of including in small and medium enterprises is

discussed, the importance of theoretical training in correlation with practical activity at an enterprise is determined.
Effective Algorithms of the Programming Tasks
Authors: Дмитриев  , Dmitriev V.
Published: May 2016

In the article the questions of fi nding and implementing of eff ective algorithms for solving the ingenious tasks on programming are considered. Under the effi ciency algorithm is understood the fulfi llment of the requirements for the minimum memory (under the terms of objectives) and the speed of the algorithm. The tasks, presented in the article, were used by the author to conduct urban programming contest among schoolchildren and students in March 2015. Considered in work tasks are aimed to show how tasks can be eff ective solved, using optimal solutions, which, often, may well remain not found. Source codes of programs are listed on the Delphi programming language. The importance of training pupils and students for solving such tasks due to the practical necessity and modern requirements to graduate.
Editorial: The 11th Rothkopf Rankings: 28 Years of Tracking Applied Research in Academia
Authors: Gorman Michael F.
Published: May 2016

This 11th Rothkopf rankings of academic contribution to the operations research practice literature continues the series that Michael Rothkopf began in 1996 and that Ronald Fricker continued. I assess the activity of universities in the production of practice-centric operations research between 2009 and 2015 using the ranking methods of my predecessors. I further suggest an alternative measure to the two that have been in use. Finally, I provide a time-series view of the measures of contribution across a longer period extending back to the year the various measures began, the first such aggregation since the rankings’ origination.
FISSION-PRODUCT RELEASES FROM A PHWR TERMINAL DEBRIS BED
Authors: Brown M.J. , Bailey D.G.
Published: May 2016

During an unmitigated severe accident in a pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) with horizontal fuel channels, the core may disassemble and relocate to the bottom of the calandria vessel. The resulting heterogeneous in-vessel terminal debris bed (TDB) would likely be quenched by any remaining moderator, and some of the decay heat would be conducted through the calandria vessel shell to the surrounding reactor vault or shield tank water. As the moderator boiled off, the solid debris bed would transform into a more homogeneous molten corium pool located between top and bottom crusts.

Until recently, the severe accident code MAAP-CANDU assumed that unreleased volatile and semi-volatile fission products remained in the TDB until after calandria vessel failure, due to low diffusivity through the top crust and the lack of gases or steam to flush released fission products from the debris. However, national and international experimental results indicate this assumption is unlikely; instead, high- and medium-volatility fission products would be released from a molten debris pool, and their volatility and transport should be taken into account in TDB modelling. The resulting change in the distribution of fission products within the reactor and containment, and the associated decay heat, can have significant effects upon the progression of the accident and fission-product releases to the environment.

This article describes a postulated PHWR severe accident progression to generate a TDB and the effects of fission-product releases from the terminal debris, using the simple release model in the MAAP-CANDU severe accident code. It also provides insights from various experimental programs related to fission-product releases from core debris, and their applicability to the MAAP-CANDU TDB model.
Reviews
Authors: De estudios ingleses Revista alicantina
Published: May 2016

Contiene: Horobin, Simon & Jeremy Smith (2002): An Introduction to Middle English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, viii + 182 p. Price: paperback: £10.99, hardback: £35 / Reviewed by M.F. Litzler; Görlach, M (ed.) (2001): A Dictionary of European Anglicisms. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 351 p. $170 / Reviewed by Elisabetta Zoni; García Velasco, Daniel: Funcionalismo y Lingüística: La gramática funcional de S.C. Dik. Oviedo: Servicio de Publicaciones, 295 p. / Reviewed by María Martínez Lirola.
Political Support and Civil Disobedience: A Social Interaction Approach
Authors: Lipatov Vilen
Published: May 2016

People may express their opposition to government policies by adopting different measures of civil disobedience. Tax compliance is an example of an economic decision that may be affected by anti-government sentiment. Embedding the interdependence between social policies, political opposition and tax compliance in a dynamic social interaction process, we characterize a unique stable steady state of such a process. We find that social interaction may be a very important factor shaping government policies, at times reverting conventional relations between social spending and government support.
Evidence for the proposed merger of Pseudobryopsis papillata with Pseudobryopsis myura (Bryopsidaceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Wynne Michael J. , Hoffman Razy
Published: May 2016

Evidence is presented that the marine macroalga Pseudobryopsis papillata Nasr (Bryopsidaceae, Chlorophyta), described by Nasr in 1944 from the Red Sea, is conspecific with the Mediterranean generitype Pseudobryopsis myura (J. Agardh) Berthold in Oltmanns. Although Ps. myura was originally depicted as having non-papillate gametangia, recent and past collections of this species in the Mediterranean clearly show papillate gametangia, thus erasing the primary reason for distinguishing it from Red Sea populations. In addition, similar branch patterns and thallus lengths support the synonymization of these two species.
Lack of genomic diversity in the SLC47A1 gene within the indigenous Xhosa population
Authors: Jacobs Clifford , Pearce Brendon , Hoosain Nisreen , Benjeddou Mongi
Published: May 2016

Background: Multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1) is an organic cation/H+ exchanger, localized in the apical membrane of proximal renal tubules, which mediates the cellular elimination of organic cations into the renal lumen. These organic cations include clinically important drugs such as metformin, oxaliplatin and cimetidine. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms of SLC47A1, the pharmacogenetically relevant gene encoding human MATE1, have been implicated in reduced transport or accumulation to cytotoxic levels of these drugs in vitro. However, little or no information is available on the minor allele frequency distribution of known SLC47A1 coding SNPs in the sub-Saharan African populations.

Methods: Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the baseline minor allele frequency distribution of 20 known coding SNPs in the SLC47A1 gene of 148 Xhosa individuals residing in Cape Town, South Africa.

Results: This study did not identify any of these known SLC47A1 coding SNPs in the Xhosa individuals who participated in this study.

Conclusions: It is anticipated that whole genome or exome sequencing may reveal novel SNPs in the Xhosa and other sub-Saharan African populations, which may have been missed with the current genotyping strategy.
Investigation on Burden Particle Softening and Melting Process under High Reduction Potential Condition
Authors: Guo Wentao , Xue Qingguo , Liu Yingli , She Xuefeng , Wang Jingsong
Published: May 2016

The present study using a single-particle softening under a load equipment was designed to better understand the softening and melting process of pellet, sinter and a mixture of both under a high reduction potential condition. Additionally, the experiment was interrupted at different shrinkage stages, and the evolvement of particle structure was analyzed. The softening and melting behavior of ferrous burden in high reduction potential compared with the general conditions was ascertained. In comparison with the general case, the thickness of the iron shell and the fineness of the metallic iron phase increased in high reduction potential. In the general condition the melting process is impacted by the low melting point of the slag with wustite outflow from the metallic iron shell, while in high reduction potential, the higher melting point of the slag without wustite exuded from the metallic iron phase. Under high reduction potential, the liquid slag was distributed in the metallic iron phase, which hindered the interaction between pellet and sinter. Thus, the temperature of interaction in high reduction potential is obviously higher than that in the general condition. The thicker iron shell and the higher melting point of slag lead to the improvement of the softening behavior under high reduction potential.
Investigation of Key Factors and Their Interactions in MTO Reaction by Statistical Design of Experiments
Authors: Masoumi Shima , Rahimi Kobra , Towfighi Jafar
Published: May 2016

The effects of templating agent [i. e., tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), triethylamine (TEA) and morpholine (MOR)] and molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 and H2O/Al2O3 over SAPO-34 catalysts in methanol to olefin (MTO) reaction were studied systematically. The exact effect of main factors and their interaction were studied by response surface methodology (RSM) applying central composite design (CCD). Two empirical models for two systems, based on these preparation variables for the yield of ethylene and propylene were constructed in two CCD studies and ultimately these models showed as counter and three-dimensional (3D) diagrams. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) applied for investigating the significance of the variables indicated that TEA and SiO2/Al2O3 content were the most significant variables in the case (1) and case (2), respectively. The maximum predicted ethylene and propylene yield was 58.57 wt. % and 30.22 wt. %, for catalyst with TEA = 0.2, TEAOH = 0.38 in case (1). For case (2), catalyst with SiO2/Al2O3 = 0.17, H2O/Al2O3 = 101.18 showed the maximum ethylene and propylene yield of 49.87 wt. % and 20.58 wt. %, respectively.
Prevalence of psychosocial morbidity in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a survey from Northern India
Authors: Agrawal Jyoti , Kumar Rakesh , Malhi Prahbhjot , Dayal Devi
Published: May 2016

Background:

Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are on intensive treatment regimen with the stress of maintaining normal sugars which may predispose them to psychological problems. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of psychosocial problems and to study their correlates in children with T1DM in India.

Methods:

The study was conducted on 97 T1DM children (59 boys and 38 girls) between 4 and 15 years of age with at least 6 months of illness. Psychosocial problems were assessed using childhood psychopathological measurement schedule (CPMS) questionnaire. Information regarding glucose control and various demographic factors was recorded. Factors significantly associated with psychosocial problems were further analysed using multiple linear regression.

Results:

Mean age of patients was 9.6 years. The prevalence of psychosocial problems was found to be 20%. Most common problems were conduct disorders (24.5%), special symptoms (24%), physical illness (23%), anxiety (10%) and depression (7%). Depression had the strongest correlation (r=0.316 and p=0.002) with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), followed by behavioural problems/low intelligence (r=0.236 and p=0.02). CPMS score had a strong positive correlation with number of hyperglycaemic episodes, number of hospitalisations in last 6 months and HbA1c value. HbA1c over last 6 months and total number of hospitalisations were significant independent predictors in determining psychosocial problems.

Conclusions:

Psychosocial problems were seen in 20% children with T1DM from India. Poor glycaemic control and increased number of hospitalisations are significantly associated with increased psychosocial problems in T1DM.
Naturgeschichte und Soziologie - Parks „natural history“ als qualitative Methodologie
Authors: Bühler-Niederberger Doris
Published: May 2016

Der „natural-history“-Zugang, so wie ihn die Chicago-Schule verstand, soll qualitativen Sozialforschern näher gebracht werden. Die heutigen Soziologen dürften ihn, wenn überhaupt, nur als sequentielle Datenorganisation kennen - mit obskurer Bezeichnung. Um seine Möglichkeiten auszuschöpfen, muß man ihn zuerst als Element einer umfassenderen Methodologie und Gesellschaftstheorie begreifen. Zwar zeigt sich dann, daß das ambitiöse (evolutionstheoretische) Programm, in das ihn seine soziologischen Väter gestellt hatten, nicht einzulösen war. Die Fehlannahme, die zu seiner Propagierung in der Soziologie führte, war dennoch produktiv. Es entstanden Untersuchungen, die nach einer Balance zwischen naturkundlicher Liebe zum Detail und universellen Aussagen strebten. Zwischen diesen Polen haben sie zum Teil eine beachtliche Spannweite erreicht - und originelle Einsichten. Sie haben verschiedenste Phänomene als kollektives Verhalten konzipiert; die sequentiellen Modelle verliehen dieser Sicht Plausibilität.
Verläufe von Arbeitslosigkeit und ihre Folgen für die Wohlfahrt von Haushalten und Individuen
Authors: Landua Detlef
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von einer allgemeinen Darstellung der Entwicklung der Arbeitslosigkeit in der Bundesrepublik werden mittels der Daten des „Sozio-ökonomischen Panel“ Verlaufsformen und Typen von Arbeitslosigkeit betrachtet. Arbeitslosigkeit wird nicht nur als Einschnitt individueller Lebensverläufe verstanden, sondern primär in der Konstellation eines Haushalts mit seinen einzelnen Mitgliedern. Im Rahmen dieser Kontextanalyse zeigt sich, daß haushaltsspezifische Typen von Arbeitslosigkeit bzw. von Arbeitslosen identifizierbar sind, die sich durch unterschiedliche Verlaufsformen kennzeichnen lassen. Auch die Folgen der Arbeitslosigkeit (Einkommenseinbußen, Zufriedenheitsdefizite) gestalten sich nicht einheitlich, sondern sind konkret darauf zu beziehen, welche Personen innerhalb eines Haushalts arbeitslos werden und welche Kompensationsmöglichkeiten sich der Haushaltsgemeinschaft bieten. Die Resultate weisen insgesamt auf die Notwendigkeit einer nach bestimmten Typen bzw. Verlaufsformen unterschiedenen Betrachtung des Arbeitslosenproblems hin und bestätigen die Vorteilhaftigkeit eines haushaltsbezogenen Untersuchungskonzepts.
Der Einfluß schulischer Bildung und die Auswirkungen der Bildungsexpansion auf das Heiratsverhalten
Authors: Diekmann Andreas
Published: May 2016

In der vorliegenden empirischen Studie wird der Einfluß schulischer Bildung, der Geburtskohortenzugehörigkeit und weiterer sozialdemographischer Merkmale auf das Alter bei Erstheirat untersucht. Die empirische Analyse basiert auf den Daten von ca. 6000 Haushalten der „Allgemeinen Bevölkerungsumfrage“ unter Verwendung multivariater Übergangsratenmodelle. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt dabei der Frage nach geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden in der Verzögerungswirkung der Bildung auf den Zeitpunkt der Eheschließung. Es zeigt sich, daß die Bildung von Frauen in stärkerem Maße zur Verschiebung der Erstheirat beiträgt als die Bildung der Männer. Mit Hilfe des zugrunde gelegten log-logistischen Übergangsratenmodells werden abschließend die Auswirkungen der Bildungsexpansion auf den Anstieg des Heiratsalters abgeschätzt.
Der Doppelpaß als soziales System
Authors: Esser Hartmut
Published: May 2016

Das Phänomen „Doppelpaß“ (beim Fußballspiel) wird einer systemtheoretischen Analyse unterzogen. Es zeigt sich, daß - den Erkenntnissen der Theorie autopoietischer sozialer Systeme folgend - Doppelpässe weder sinnlos sein können, noch daß ihr Mißlingen möglich wäre. Diese Eigenschaften teilen sie - aufgrund des Prinzips der wechselseitigen Selbstreferentialität von Systemtheorie und ihrem Gegenstand - mit der Systemtheorie selbst. Einige Betrachtungen zur Individualität fußballspielender psychischer Systeme in der Post-Moderne beschließen den Beitrag.