bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and Inhibition of Ferrous Sulfide Nucleation and Precipitation
Authors: Wang Qiliang ‘Luke’ , Zhang Zhang , Kan Amy , Tomson Mason
Published: February 2021

Ferrous sulfide (FeS) precipitation is a severe problem and the significance of this problem is increased in the shale gas and oil production due to the potentially increasing biologically and thermally induced sulfide production. Although FeS scale is ubiquitous, little is understood about its precipitation and inhibition properties due to experimental difficulties. In conventional research, we used a batch reactor to study the precipitation kinetics and inhibition of FeS formation. In order to assess scaling risk in pipes, a new plug flow reactor was developed under anoxic condition at different ionic strength (IS), pH and temperature to enable more reliable study of FeS precipitation kinetics at high surface to solution ratio. The precipitation kinetics of FeS is successfully fitted by a second/pseudo-first order rate equations for batch/plug flow systems. The rate of precipitation increases with increasing pH and temperature, and decreases with increasing IS. Commercial scale inhibitors, citrate, EDTA and other chelating agents have been tested for their inhibition effects on FeS precipitation. The new plug flow apparatus not only adds reliable data to the limited database of scaling kinetics in realistic flowing pipes, but also supplies a new method to study the effect of inhibitors in oil production systems. The research outcomes will contribute to the prediction of FeS scaling risk under different brine composition and well conditions.
Maintaining Production of Frac-Packed Wells by Inhibiting Scale Buildup and Fines Migration
Authors: Liang F. , Vo L.K. , Nguyen P.D. , Green T.W.
Published: February 2021

The forming of scale or the migration and intrusion of formation fines and sand into the proppant pack often drastically diminishes the conductivity of frac-packs and propped fractures which can negatively impact well production. This paper describes the development of a new surface modification agent (SMA) that can be applied during frac-packing operations or the remedial treatments of propped fractures or near-wellbore (NWB) formations. Studies were conducted to demonstrate the mechanisms by which this SMA simultaneously inhibits scale formation in the proppant pack while also controlling migration and intrusion of formation sand and fines.

Once coated on the proppant as part of hydraulic fracturing, frac-packing, or gravel pack treatment, or when injected into the proppant pack and formation matrix, this SMA forms a thin film on the particulates, covering the fines and anchoring the particulates in place. The SMA coating also forms a hydrophobic film that encapsulates particulate surfaces, inhibiting chemical reactions that lead to scale formation in pack matrix and subsequent productivity loses.

Experiments using packed beds of proppant, formation sands, and various fines were performed to simulate proppant pack conditions and formation fines before and after remedial treatments. It was observed that SMA treatments formed only a very thin film, which encapsulated proppant or formation particulates and created cohesion between grains, without plugging pore spaces. Additionally, laboratory results demonstrate that SMA treatments can effectively prevent buildup of scale in various sand packs as well as successfully controlling migration of formation fines into proppant packs to maintain fluid flow paths.

In addition to remedial treatments, SMA treatment fluid can be applied while treating formations following a sandstone acidizing treatment, during treatment of formations before a high-rate water pack or frac-pack treatment, or as part of a pad fluid to treat the fracture faces before placement of proppant into a fracture and/or a screen annulus.
Comparison of the Impact of Dip and Vertical Transmissibility on Oil Recovery and Carbon Storage Using Water over Gas Injection in the Forest Reserve Field, Trinidad
Authors: Jones S. C. , Sobers L. E.
Published: February 2021

A combination of geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration and CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2EOR) can address the two of Trinidad and Tobago's energy sector challenges: falling oil production and increasing CO2 emissions. Geologic storage of CO2 in heavy oil reservoirs can increase oil production while injected CO2 is effectively sequestered. Our investigations are based on 225 ft (~69 m) of the unconsolidated Lower Forest sand, average porosity and permeability of 32% and 125 md, respectively, found within the Forest reserve field, Trinidad. The middle section of this sand package contains a 26 ft (8m) thick layer of shaly sand with average permeability 70 md and average porosity 28%. We used reservoir simulations to determine the impact of dip and reduced transmissibility on the performance of the water over gas injection strategy using CO2. From our results we conclude that the reduced vertical transmissibility and dip affects the formation of the oil bank, water underride and the rate of CO2 migration.
Best Cluster Head Selection and Route Optimization for Cluster Based Sensor Network Using (M-pso) and Ga Algorithms
Authors: Prakash Ved , Pandey Suman , singh deepti
Published: February 2021

Clustering plays a vital role in extending the lifespan and optimized direction of a wireless sensor network by integrating sensor nodes through clusters and choosing cluster heads (CHs) and non-cluster heads (NCHs). Cluster head aggregated data and non-cluster heads forward to the base station (BS). In this paper, we have introduced a new Dynamic Multipath Routing Protocol (DMPRP) for selections of cluster heads (CHs) and non-cluster heads (NCHs), which is ideally selected using M-PSO algorithm. After calculating the probabilities, the best selection of cluster heads has taken, and results have used to find the optimized shortest path using the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The GA algorithm uses an objective function consisting of a network to determine the optimal path.
Weeds Detection and Classification using Convolutional Long-Short-Term Memory
Authors: Arif Sheeraz , Kumar Rajesh , Abbasi Shazia , Mohammadani Khalid , Dev Kapeel
Published: February 2021

The smart agricultural robotic system can decrease the dependence on various traditional agriculture crop spraying methods such as pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizer. To meet the world population food requirements, conventional schemes are not sufficient for spraying agrochemicals to control the weeds and increase crop production. Therefore, a smart and intelligent farming system is introduced to increase the production of crops and to reach crop production target. In this paper, Deep Learning (DL) based algorithms is applied for the identification and classification of weed plants using combination of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long-Short- Term Memory (LSTM). Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) has a unique structure to get discriminative features for the input images, and LSTM allows to jointly optimize the classification. To validate the proposed scheme, nine kinds of weeds are classified using the proposed method such as vine weeds, three-leaf weeds, spiky weeds, and invasive creeping weeds. We carried out several extensive experiments and 99.36% of average classification accuracy is achieved. The obtained results show that the combination of CCN-LSTM has significantly higher classification capabilities in comparison to other existing prominent approaches.
Recreational Harvest of Sharks and Rays in Western Australia is only a Minor Component of the Total Harvest
Authors: Braccini Matias , Lai Eva , Ryan Karina , Taylor Stephen
Published: February 2021

Sharks and rays are of global conservation concern with an increasing number of species at risk of extinction, mostly attributed to overfishing by commercial fishing. Their recreational harvest is poorly known but it can be of similar magnitude to the commercial harvest in some regions. We quantified the recreational harvest of sharks and rays in Western Australia, a region with a marine coastline of > 20,000 km. We recorded 33 species/taxonomic groups but the harvest was dominated by dusky and bronze whalers, blacktip reef shark, gummy shark, Port Jackson shark, wobbegongs, and rays and skates. Most species caught were released (85% of all individuals), although gummy and whiskery sharks were typically retained. There was a clear latitudinal gradient of species composition with tropical and subtropical species of the genus Carcharhinus dominating in the north and temperate species of the families Triakidae, Carcharhinidae, Heterodontidae and Rajidae dominating in the south. The recreational harvest was negligible compared with commercial landings. The newly available time series data can be incorporated into stock assessments to allow the quantification of recreational fishing mortality of shark and ray species and therefore comply with state, national and international initiatives for their conservation and sustainable management.
Surrogate Modeling of Time-Dependent Metocean Conditions during Hurricanes
Authors: Qiao Chi , Myers Andrew T.
Published: February 2021

Metocean conditions during hurricanes are defined by multiple parameters (e.g., significant wave height and surge height) that vary in time with significant auto- and cross-correlation. In many cases, the nature of the variation of these characteristics in time is important to design and assess the risk to offshore structures, but a persistent problem is that measurements are sparse and time history simulations using metocean models are computationally onerous. Surrogate modeling is an appealing approach to ease the computational burden of metocean modeling, however, modeling the time-dependency of metocean conditions using surrogate models is challenging because the conditions at one time instant are dependent on not only the conditions at that instant but also on the conditions at previous time instances. In this paper, time-dependent surrogate modeling of significant wave height, peak wave period, peak wave direction, and storm surge is explored using a database of metocean conditions at an offshore site. Three types of surrogate models, including Kriging, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Recurrent Neural Network with Gated Recurrent Unit (RNN-GRU), are evaluated, with two different time-dependent structures considered for the Kriging model and two training set sizes for the MLP model, resulting in a total of five models evaluated in this paper. The performance of the models is compared in terms of accuracy and sensitivity towards hyperparameters, and the MLP and RNN-GRU models are demonstrated to have extraordinary prediction performance in this context.
A Prospective Randomised Controlled Study Comparing Ultrasonic Dissector with Electrocautery for Axillary Dissection in Patients of Carcinoma Breast
Authors: Deori Ananya , Gupta Nikhil , Gupta Arun Kumar , Yelamanchi Raghav , Agrawal Himanshu , Durga C K
Published: February 2021

Background: Axillary dissection is one of the important components of modified radical mastectomy (MRM). The present study was conducted to compare surgical outcomes by using monopolar electrocautery and ultrasonic dissector for axillary dissection in MRM.
Methods: A parallel randomised controlled single blinded study was conducted with a sample size of 70 patients who were randomised into two groups. One group underwent MRM using ultrasonic dissector (Group A) and the other one using electrocautery (Group B). Intra- and post-operative outcomes were compared.
Results: Group A had an average operating time of 30.86 min, which was statistically less than that of Group B. The mean mop count and the daily drain output in Group A were less as compared to Group B and the differences were statistically significant. Drain was removed early in Group A as compared to Group B. However, post-operative pain scores and seroma formation were not statistically significant among the two groups.
Conclusion: Ultrasonic dissector group had significantly lesser intra-operative bleeding, operating time and post-operative drain output when compared to electrocautery group. However, the two groups had no significant difference in post-operative pain scores and seroma formation.
Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu ve Zihinsel Yetersizliği Olan Bireylerin Ebeveynlerinin Yaşam Doyumu ve Aile Yılmazlık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YAVUZ Mehmet , GÜMÜŞKAYA Özlem
Published: February 2021

Giriş: Bu araştırmada otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), zihinsel yetersizliği (ZY) olan çocukların ebeveynlerinin yaşam doyumu ve aile yılmazlık düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını İzmir ve Bursa illerinden 309 ebeveyn oluşturmaktadır. Veriler Aile Yılmazlık Ölçeği ve Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde t-testi, ANOVA, Tukey HSD Testi ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Ebeveynlerin yaşam doyumları ile ilgili değişkenlerle ilgili bulgular, annelerin, genç ebeveynlerin, geliri yüksek olanların, eğitim düzeyi yüksek olanların, çocukları ZY olan ebeveynlerin yaşam doyum düzeyleri karşılaştırıldıkları gruplara göre daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Aile yılmazlık düzeyleri, cinsiyette genel ölçek puanında, mücadelecilik, yaşama bağlılık ve kendini kontrol alt boyutlarında annelerin, öz-yetkinlik alt boyutunda genç ebeveynlerin, öz-yetkinlik alt boyutunda gelir düzeyi yüksek olanların, mücadelecilik alt boyutunda eğitim düzeyi yüksek olanların, çocuklarının yetersizlik türü değişkeninde genel ölçek puanında, mücadelecilik, öz-yetkinlik ve yaşama bağlılık alt boyutlarında ZY olan çocukların ebeveynlerinin lehine anlamlı farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Yaşam doyumu ile aile yılmazlığı ve tüm alt boyutları arasında pozitif ilişki bulunmaktadır.Tartışma: Çalışmanın bulguları alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre yaşam doyumu yüksek olan bireylerin aile yılmazlık düzeylerinin de yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. Yaşam doyum düzeyi yüksek olan bireyler hayata daha olumlu yönleriyle bakmakta, daha az stres yaşamakta ve karşılaştıkları sorunları daha kolay aşabilmektedirler.
Control theory-based data assimilation for hydraulic models as a decision support tool for hydropower systems: sequential, multi-metric tuning of the controllers
Authors: Milašinović Miloš , Prodanović Dušan , Zindović Budo , Stojanović Boban , Milivojević Nikola
Published: February 2021

Increasing renewable energy usage puts extra pressure on decision-making in river hydropower systems. Decision support tools are used for near-future forecasting of the water available. Model-driven forecasting used for river state estimation often provides bad results due to numerous uncertainties. False inflows and poor initialization are some of the uncertainty sources. To overcome this, standard data assimilation (DA) techniques (e.g., ensemble Kalman filter) are used, which are not always applicable in real systems. This paper presents further insight into the novel, tailor-made model update algorithm based on control theory. According to water-level measurements over the system, the model is controlled and continuously updated using proportional–integrative–derivative (PID) controller(s). Implementation of the PID controllers requires the controllers’ parameters estimation (tuning). This research deals with this task by presenting sequential, multi-metric procedure, applicable for controllers’ initial tuning. The proposed tuning method is tested on the Iron Gate hydropower system in Serbia, showing satisfying results.
An analysis of rainfall variability and drought over Barmer District of Rajasthan, Northwest India
Authors: Mehta Darshan , Yadav S. M.
Published: February 2021

Climate variability, mainly the annual air temperature and precipitation, have received great attention worldwide. The magnitude of this climate variability changes with variation in location. Rajasthan comes under the arid and semi-arid zone of India in which monsoon is a principal element of water resource. Due to erratic and scanty rainfall in this zone, agriculture is totally dependent on the monsoon. The objective of the present study is to assess the meteorological drought characteristics using Drought Indices Calculator DrinC from the historical rainfall records of the Barmer District of Rajasthan State by employing the criterion of percentage departure (D%), rainfall anomaly index (RAI) and standardized precipitation index (SPI). Trend analysis of seasonal and extreme annual monthly rainfall was carried out for the Barmer District of Rajasthan State using the data period between 1901 and 2002 at the 5% level of significance. Sen's slope estimator was also applied to identify the trend. Temporal analysis is useful to predict and identify the possible drought severity and its duration in the study region. It also helps in understanding its effect on groundwater recharge and increasing the risk of water shortage. Trend analysis of rainfall over 102 years shows an increasing trend in pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, southwest monsoon and annual rainfall and a decreasing trend in winter rainfall. Through this study, policy makers and local administrators will be benefitted, which will help them in taking proactive drought relief decisions in the drought-hit regions.
Czas i przestrzeń w badaniach sztuki oraz twórczości literackiej ks. profesora Janusza St. Pasierba
Authors: Mazurczak Urszula
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY

The Author separated the visualized time and the time when the painting was created. Both are rooted in the point of history which was important for the artist, in the time of creating the work of art as well as in the internal structure of the painting which is expressed through the theme and the presented figures. The researcher who was deeply influenced by history, browsed it deeply in order to find every “now”, adding it to the timeline of the artist’s life, or to the history he was a part of. The timeline, history, constitutes a basis of the knowledge about the artist’s workshop and it is the basis for the historical-comparative method. The Priest Professor Pasierb knew hermeneutics with the hermeneutic circle of Hans Gadamer and Paul Ricoeur. In his exploration of the temporal structure of his works of art he indicates to the reader the circular structure of the composition, which is typical for the scenes of the greatest masters of the Baroque, e.g. The Coronation of Mary, The Adoration of the Shepherds. The structure of time is particularly important in the portraits of Herman Han in the painting of 17th century. The analysis of the paintings of the master of Gdańsk Herman Han, especially of his painting The Coronation of the Virgin Mary in the main altar in Pelplin is an introduction for discovering the circular structures of time and space. It shows the Author’s concepts as close to the traditional Antique concepts of time: as the two opposites: Chronos – the inevitable time which consumes everything on its way and Kairos, the fugacious moment which can, however, be stopped by wisdom, beauty, the ability of predicting. The sensitivity to time, the Kairos, was expressed by the priest Professor Pasierb who was impressed by a Greek vase painted by Makron (Paris, Louvre) “long-haired boy with a hoop and with a dog, quickly running round an attic goblet, looking back where they are calling you, come back, you didn’t listen, today it is too late, twenty-five centuries passed. The painter Makron whom you passed by so quickly, managed to write kalos – Beautiful”. The basic method used for the analysis of time and space in the painting is the hermeneutic method of Paul Ricoeur and Hans Georg Gadamer.
Czego o portatywie i pozytywie historyk sztuki nie wie, a co wiedzieć powinien
Authors: Grajewski Czesław
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY The author briefly describes the history and use in music of two organ-type instruments: a portative organ and a positive organ. He shows the difference in construction between the two and the characteristic features that allow to identify both types in old painting. An important feature of both instruments is the arrangement of the pipes. In the paintings we can see two possibilities: from the left to the right side, the height of the pipes may decrease or increase. An accurate depiction would (always) show the pipe row decreasing from left to right.
Kaunas of 1919-1939: a temporary capital built by its citizens
Authors: Petrulis Vaidas
Published: February 2021

W latach 1919-1939, wskutek sytuacji politycznej, Kowno zyskało status tymczasowej stolicy Litwy. Te dwie dekady, w czasie których miasto było centrum wielu ważkich wydarzeń politycznych, ekonomicznych i kulturalnych, znacznie przyczyniły się do stworzenia tożsamości Kowna. W tym okresie miał miejsce boom architektoniczny, który zaowocował pojawieniem się wyjątkowej grupy budynków, charakteryzujących się unikalnym połączeniem rozmaitych wpływów i interpretacji modernizmu oraz narodowego romantyzmu. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia historyczny przegląd kulturalnych i ekonomicznych okoliczności, które wpłynęły na rozwój budownictwa w Kownie w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego.

Due to the political circumstances from 1919 to 1939 the city of Kaunas had a status of provisional capital of Lithuania. Two decades of being at the epicentre of political, economic and cultural events greatly contributed to the creation of the city‘s identity. Construction boom of these years left an exceptional collection of architecture behind, with a unique combination of different influences and interpretations of modernism and national romanticism. This article will give a historical overview of cultural and economic circumstances which influenced architectural development between two World Wars.
Türkçe Ders Kitaplarındaki Yazma Etkinliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Karacaoğlu Mehmet Önder , Dağ Murat , Uzun Oğuzhan
Published: February 2021

Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı, Türkçe derslerinde kullanılmak üzere Talim Terbiye Kurulu kararları doğrultusunda Türkçe ders kitaplarını belirlemektedir. Bu kitaplar gerek özel yayınevleri gerekse Millî Eğitim Bakanlığının kendi bünyesinde oluşturduğu komisyonlar tarafından hazırlanmaktadır. 2003-2004 eğitim-öğretim yılından itibaren Bakanlık tarafından ücretsiz olarak öğrencilere ulaştırılan bu kitaplar Türkçe dersinin temel dil becerilerinin geliştirilmesi sürecine uygun olarak etkinlik temelli olarak hazırlanmaktadır. Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı’nda (MEB, 2019) Türkçe dersindekullanılacak kitaplarda kaç tema yer alması gerektiği, yer alan metinlerin tür dağılımı, öğrenciler tarafından edinilmesi gereken kazanımlar yer almaktadır. Bu kazanımların alanları temel dil becerilerine göre belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, ortaokul ve imam-hatip ortaokullarında kullanılan Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan yazma becerisine yönelik hazırlanmış etkinliklerin Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı (MEB, 2019) ile ne kadar tutarlılık içinde olduğunu tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma analitik araştırma modeli ile tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmada inceleme nesnesi olarak 2020-2021 eğitimöğretim yılında her sınıf düzeyinde farklı yayınevlerince hazırlanan dört Türkçe ders kitabı incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda temalarda yer alan yazma etkinlikleri; sayı, tür ve Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı’na (MEB, 2019) uygunluk açısından incelenmiştir. Etkinliklerin hangi kazanımla ilişkili olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Sınıflar bazında tasnif edilerek tablolaştırılan yazma etkinliklerinin Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı’ndaki (MEB, 2019) yazma becerisi kazanımlarına uygunluğu değerlendirilmiştir. 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitabının nispeten yeterli düzeydeolduğu; 5, 6, 7. sınıf kitaplarının ise yazma becerisinin gelişimi için tam anlamıyla yeterli olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Vietnamese greetings in Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Dan Tam , Le Khac Cuong
Published: February 2021

From long time ago, the Vietnamese have had the saying: ‘L?i chào cao h?n mâm c?’. It implied that a greeting was highly respected than being invited to enjoy a big meal although food was very rare after the wars in Vietnam. It is likely to show that greeting culture in Vietnam is not only for communication, but also for the assessment of individuals’ behaviour background. Today, in the era of technology, a greeting may create a friendlier feeling to help people become closer. This qualitative study explored how residents in Mekong Delta of Vietnam greeted each other in daily life. Their greetings reflect their identities and the culture of the community.
Clasificaciones y percepciones asociadas al conocimiento de la leña utilizada en una comunidad rural del Chaco Seco (Catamarca, Argentina)
Authors: Jiménez-Escobar N. David
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La leña constituye una de las principales fuentes de energía de las poblaciones rurales en diversos ambientes y ecosistemas alrededor del mundo. Es una prioridad establecer, desde la mirada local, los principales conjuntos de saberes y percepciones vinculados al uso de este recurso dendroenergético, definiendo los principales términos y categorías relacionados con la leña utilizada en la Sierra de Ancasti, Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina. Métodos: A partir de la técnica “bola de nieve” y por medio de entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas en 46 unidades familiares, caminatas guiadas, recolección de ejemplares botánicos, trabajo de herbario y revisión de la literatura, se establecieron las principales percepciones asociadas al uso y conocimiento de especies de leñas. Para obtener las categorías locales de clasificación y términos vernáculos asociados a la leña se propone un “juego de palabras”. Por medio de un diagrama de conjuntos y un Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) se identificaron las agrupaciones de especies según las categorías, los términos y las definiciones locales. Resultados clave: Los pobladores señalaron, a partir de 74 nombres comunes, a 53 especies de plantas leñosas que corresponden a 45 géneros y 23 familias botánicas. Destaca el alto porcentaje de especies de origen nativo (74%). En 456 menciones, para 40 especies, se registraron 25 términos relacionados con las propiedades de la madera de las plantas vinculadas con la combustión y el fuego. Los términos más usados por los pobladores para describir y clasificar la leña son: “fuerte” (52 menciones, asociadas a 11 especies), “firme” (39, 13 spp.), “linda” (33, 13 spp.) y “apagosa” (30, 11 spp.). Conclusiones: En la actualidad los pobladores reconocen, describen e identifican la leña utilizando mayoritariamente caracteres que se relacionan con la brasa; destacan como atributos positivos características vinculadas al poder calórico y a la duración. Se enfatiza la necesidad de abordar las dinámicas sociales relacionadas con el medio ambiente desde el propio campo, como una forma de conocer las prioridades locales y canalizar los esfuerzos para la conservación biológica y cultural.
The Relationship between Undergraduate Students’ Personality Dimensions and Effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Education in China
Authors: Yu Chen
Published: February 2021

Purpose-This paper aims to identify the personality traits (agreeableness, openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness and neuroticism) of undergraduate students and effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in China. The difference among the personality traits of undergraduate students toward their effectiveness of entrepreneurship education is also analyzed.Design/methodology/approach-The personality dimensions questionnaires were completed by 209 undergraduate students participants. Pearson correlation coefficients were extracted and regression analysis was performed.Findings-The study revealed that out of 209 respondents. Students having open and conscientious trait were increasingly more effectiveness of entrepreneurship education, the conscientiousness was identified as the most suitable personality trait for undergraduate students. A signifificant difference was also observed among all the personality traits of undergraduate students.Research limitations/implications-Participants retrospectively assessed their personality dimensions. Future research may use both teachers and students of participants to collect more accurate data on education practices or use observational methods.Social implications-This work seems to suggest that the students’ personality should be taken into account in entrepreneurship education.Originality/value-This is the first study to investigate the relationship between personality dimensions and effectiveness of entrepreneurship education. The paper provided further insights into determinants of entrepreneurship education. This article also had certain reference value to the policy makers who intend to improve the entrepreneurship education of the universities in China. It also provide a basis to improve the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education.
Facemasks and COVID-19 prevention: to use or not to use
Authors: El-Gilany Abdel-Hady , Farrag Nesrine Saad
Published: February 2021

There are uncertainty and conflicting opinions about the effectiveness of facemasks in prevention of COVID-19 either alone or with other non-specific measures in different settings. However, their use was recommended and even enforced by authorities in different countries and situations. Availability, types, utilization and acceptability of facemasks at community level are crucial for their effects on COVID-19 mitigation. There is a lack of strong evidence either in favor of or against the wide scale use of facemasks by the general public. The World Health Organization initially advised general public not wear masks but later advised masks for everybody. This narrative review highlights all these controversies and summarizes the updated recommendations.
Modern Trends in Analytical Techniques for Method Development and Validation of Pharmaceuticals: A Review
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Singh Navdeep , Ankalgi Amar Deep , Rana Arti , Ashawat Mahendra Singh
Published: February 2021

The process of drug development requires a suitable technique which helps the scientist to analyze the drug molecule is an accurate, precise, and easiest way. For the quantitative and qualitative estimation of drugs in analytical chemistry it is very important to identify the best method for method development.  This study helps the author to understand the various analytical techniques available for the process of drug development which includes spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemical techniques, electrophoretic, flow injection analysis, and hyphenated technique. All these methods contain different analytical process with a variety of separate techniques. Also, we discuss about the modern trend which are available, and implacable in all these methods to improve the analytical behavior of these techniques. In method development process the validation of document must be required in the form of accuracy, precision, specificity, limit of detection, linearity, and range is considered. So, this review article contains the brief summary of available analytical techniques, and the latest trend in method development, or the process of method validation, and development of method. The discussed methods in this review article were revealed by the scientist, and these techniques must require in new drug development process, which helps the person to utilize the potential of these techniques. Trend in the analytical chemistry to overcome the error in method development was necessary, and the latest trends in method development technique were useful to defeat errors in analytical techniques.

Keywords: Analytical techniques, Modern trends, Process of method development, and validation.
A Review on Gastro-Retentive Floating Microspheres
Authors: Birajdar Anuradha A. , Deshmukh Madhuri T. , Shete Rajkumar V.
Published: February 2021

The floating microsphere's purpose is to improve gastric retention time. Floating drug delivery systems are lower in bulk thickness than gastric juice and remain floating on gastric juice for a long period of time without impacting the gastric-emptying rate and increasing bioavailability. Gastro-retentive microspheres are particularly suitable for the continuous or late release of oral formulations with blending versatility to achieve various release patterns, low dose risk as a reproducible and short gastric retention time. The aim of this review is to address literature on the floating device, techniques, selection of suitable or inappropriate drug candidates for GRDDS, low density polymers used to swim over gastric fluid, processes, and floating microsphere assessment and application.

Keywords: GRDDS, Floating system, Approaches, Polymer, Mechanism, Methods
Excipients, drug release mechanism and physicochemical characterization methods of Solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Matta Vasu Deva Reddy
Published: February 2021

From last thirty years, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) gain much importance as drug delivery vehicle for enhanced delivery of the drugs, proteins, nutraceuticals and cosmetics. SLNs defined as a submicron size range nanoparticle with below 1000 nm and are mainly composed of lipids and surfactants, capable of incorporating both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. SLNs also used as controlled systems, targeted delivery and altered therapeutic efficacy purpose. A wide variety of methods such as double emulsion, solvent evaporation, ultra sonication, high-pressure homogenization and microemulsion used for SLNs production. This review provides the significance of SLNs in drug delivery with highlighting on selection of excipients, drug release mechanism, principles and limitations associated with their physicochemical and surface morphological characterization.

Keywords: Solid lipid nanoparticles, enhanced delivery, preparation, characterization, application.
Muco-adhesive buccal tablets of candesartan cilexetil for oral delivery: preparation, in-vitro and ex-vivo evaluation
Authors: Samanthula Kumara Swamy , Bairi Agaiah Goud , Mahendra Kumar CB
Published: February 2021

Candesartan cilexetil (CC) is an angiotensin II-receptor blocker (ARB). The antihypertensive effect of CC 4-16 mg/day was as great as that of other once-daily dosage regimens. Candesartan cilexetil has high first-pass metabolism and low oral bioavailability. The bioavailability of such drugs may be significantly improved if delivered through the buccal route; hence mucosal delivery is one of the alternative methods of systemic drug delivery. This study’s objective was to develop mucoadhesive buccal tablets of candesartan cilexetil using carbopol-934P, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), Eudragit RLPO, and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (Na-CMC) as mucoadhesive polymers. Prepared CC buccal tablet formulations were evaluated for an optimized system based on physicochemical properties, ex-vivo residence time, in-vitro, and ex vivo permeation studies. The evaluation parameters of the tablets were within the acceptable Pharmacopoeial limits. However, the swelling and bio-adhesive time were increased with increasing polymer concentrations. The in-vitro release research shown that buccal tablets with sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (Na-CMC) exhibited a higher release than all other formulations and have been considered as optimized CC formulation. The release mechanism from kinetic methods suggests that the drug release follows zero-order kinetics with a diffusion mechanism. Further, in-vivo research in animal fashions is required to prove the bioavailability performance of the formulation.

Keywords: Candesartan cilexetil, mucoadhesive buccal tablets, first-pass metabolism, bioavailability.
Medicinal benefits and scientific justification of Commiphora mukul (Muqil): A review
Authors: Bhat Shabir Ahmad , Rather Shameem Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Commiphora mukul (Muqil or Guggul), oleo-gum, has been in use for thousands of years as a medicine in Unani and Ayurvedic medicinal systems. It was primarily used for swellings, inflammation, piles, arthritis and urinary disorders. Among its various types Muqil-I-Arzaq, a gum, having reddish hue is considered to be the best form of Muqil for medicinal purposes. It has been revealed to inhibit the nuclear factor-kb, a regulator of inflammatory response, and act as a potent antagonist to the receptors of androgens, mineralocorticoides, and glucocorticoides. Muqil is a versatile herb with diverse medicinal benefits which demand scientific validation. A coherent review of properties, medicinal benefits, traditional uses and scientific studies of Muqil, along with the overall processes involved from collection to consumption is judiciously described in this paper. The aim of this review is to provide a base for multiple research works, validating Commiphora mukul in different chronic ailments.

keywords:  Commiphora mukul, Inflammation, Muqil, Nuclear factor-KB, Unani
History of Ayurvedic System of Medicines: From Prehistoric to Present
Authors: Tiwari S. B. , Singh S. D. , Verma Amit Kumar , Awasthi Divyank , Rastogi Arun Kumar
Published: February 2021

Ayurvedic system of medicine is considered the most ancient system of the world. In the prehistoric times medicinal plants were used by the various tribes. Evidence suggests that the people of Indus valley civilization followed this system of medicines. The Vedic and post Vedic period saw the rapid development of Ayurveda supported by the efforts of Charaka, Susrutra and Vagbhata etc. Buddhist monks played important role in the propagation of Ayurveda. However, the invasion of Muslims after 10th century destroyed Ayurveda and Unani system of medicines flourished in the country. Pre independence period again saw the emergence of Ayurveda. After Independence it attains new height with its incorporation into the Drug and Cosmetic Act. The preparation of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia helps in the standardization of Ayurvedic drugs to compete at global level with allopathic system of medicines.

Keywords: ayurvedic system, Vedic and post Vedic period, Charaka, Susrutra and Vagbhata, Ayurvedic drugs
Identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 from Artemisia annua compounds by In silico evaluation and their density functional theory (DFT)
Authors: ELMI Abdirahman , MOHAMED Ahmed Said , SIDDIQUI Nazia , AL JAWAD Syad , Nour Moustapha , MIGANEH Idriss , JAVED Saleem
Published: February 2021

The genus Artemisia has recognized medicinal value and its use by humans Dates back to centuries ago. With the appearance of the new coronavirus, end of 2019, several countries have recommended the use of herbal teas consisting mainly of Artemisia. The individual analysis of the constituents of this species is crucial to characterize and optimize its antiSARS-Cov-2 action. We evaluated by molecular docking the inhibitory action of major compounds of the Artemisia genus (Artemisinin, Arteannuin B, Alpha Thujone, P-Hydroxyacetophenone, Fisetin, Cirsimaritin, Capillin, β-Sitosterol, and Quercetin) against three targets namely SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mp), SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and human furin protease (HF protease). The two flavonols, quercetin and fisetin, have the best binding energies with the three targets. Quercetin/Fisetin possesses binding energy of -7.17/-6.9, -6.3/-6.15 and – 5.98/- 5.49 kcal/mol with MP, RBD and HF protease respectively. Their physicochemical properties meet the requirements of an oral active principle and are not toxic according to predictive simulations. Thereby DFT calculation has been used to analyze the electronic and geometric characteristics of these two compounds. The gap energies were also deduced for the stable structure and their reactivity. The abundance of Quercetin in different plants may be another advantage in the use of this bio-compound in the treatment of coronavirus. Keywords: Artemisia annua, DFT, Docking Molecular, SARS-Cov-2, Quercetin and Fisetin
QSAR and docking studies of 3, 5-dimethylpyrazole as potent inhibitors of Phosphodiesterase-4
Authors: Mahgoub Mohamed Hiba Hashim , Mohammed Hussien Amna Bint Wahab Elrashid , Mohammed Saeed Ahmed Elsadig
Published: February 2021

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was performed to develop a model on a series of 3, 5-dimethylpyrazole containing furan moiety derivatives which exhibited considerable inhibitory activity against PDE4B. The obtained model has correlation coefficient (r) of 0.934, squared correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.872, and leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation coefficient (Q2) value of 0.733. The predictive power of the developed model was confirmed by the external validation which has (r2) value of 0.812. These parameters confirm the stability and robustness of the model to predict the activity of a new designed set of 3,5-dimethyl-pyrazole derivatives (I-XV), results indicated that the compound III, V, XIII, and XV showed the strongest inhibition activity (IC50 = 0.2813, 0.5814, 0.6929, 0.6125μM, respectively) against PDE4B compared to the reference rolipram with (IC50=1.9μM). Molecular docking was performed on a new designed compound with PDE4B protein (3o0j). Docking results showed that compounds (X and IX) have high docking affinity of -36.2037 and -33.2888 kcal/mol respectively.

Keywords: QSAR, molecular docking, pyrazole derivatives, PDE4 inhibitors, anti-inflammatory.
Drug Utilization Evaluation of High Alert Medications in Intensive Care Units of Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Subbaiah Meda Venkata , Babu K Leela Prasad , Manohar Dudekula , Sumalatha Adluru , Mohammed Pinjari , Mahitha Budigireddy
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The utilization of HAMs is crucial in emergency and intensive care departments, as they can cause a significant amount of damage to the patient and health care members if we could not follow the standard treatment guidelines. Drug utilization evaluation/review involves a comprehensive review of the patient’s prescription and medication data before, during, and after dispensing to ensure appropriate medication decision making and positive patient outcomes. Objective: This study was taken up given finding the utilization patterns and rectifying the issues with the usage of high alert medications (HAMs) and improving their utilization. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 6 months at a south Indian tertiary care hospital. Treatment guidelines were prepared to compare the actual drug use. Data were collected both retrospectively and prospectively by patients and care taker’s interview, medication chart review, and discussion with prescribers and applied WHO DUE indicators to evaluate utilization patterns. Results: Of 362 cases, 57.73 % were males/ and the majority geriatrics. Among all HAMs Insulin is frequently prescribed (34.5 %) and the costly drug is Enoxaparin. Generic names were used in writing prescriptions and parenteral formulations were mostly used. Around 9 ADRs were identified and managed, and a total of 133 moderate to severe Drug-Drug Interactions were found, of them, only 2 were actual. Conclusion: With this study, we conclude that the use of HAMs was found to be appropriate as per the guidelines as we observed very few DRPs with the study drugs. Keywords: HAM, DRP’s, DUE, ICU, DDD
Molecular survey of Besnoitia spp. (Apicomplexa) in faeces from European wild mesocarnivores in Spain.
Authors: González-Barrio David , Köster Pamela C. , Habela Miguel , Martín-Pérez Manuel , Fernández-García José , Balseiro Ana , Barrel Marta , Najera Fernando , Figueiredo Ana , Palacios María Jesús , Mateo MARTA , Carmena David , Alvarez-Garcia Gema , Calero-Bernal Rafael
Published: February 2021

Numerous studies have unsuccessfully tried to unravel the definitive
host of the coccidian parasite Besnoitia besnoiti. Cattle infections by
B. besnoiti cause a chronic and debilitating condition called bovine
besnoitiosis that has emerged in Europe during the last two decades,
mainly due to limitations in its control associated to the absence of
vaccines and therapeutical tools. Although the exact transmission
pathway of B. besnoiti is currently unknown, it is assumed that the
parasite might have an indirect life cycle with a carnivore as
definitive host. Current lack of studies in wildlife might underestimate
the importance of free-living species in the epidemiology of B.
besnoiti. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the presence
of Besnoitia spp. in free-ranging mesocarnivores in Spain. DNA was
searched by PCR on faeces collected from wild carnivores as a first
approach to determine which species could be considered as potential
candidates for definitive hosts in further research. For this purpose, a
total of 352 faecal samples from 12 free-living wild carnivore species
belonging to the Canidae, Felidae, Herpestidae, Mustelidae, Procyonidae,
and Viverridae families were collected in seven Spanish regions. PCR
testing showed that Besnoitia spp. DNA was present in four faecal
samples from red foxes collected in western Spain, an area with the
greatest density of extensively reared cattle and associated to high
incidence of bovine besnoitiosis in the country. To date, this is the
first report of a Besnoitia besnoiti-like sequence (99.57% homology)
from carnivore faeces in a worldwide context. Red foxes might contribute
to the epidemiology of B. besnoiti, although further studies, mostly
based on bioassay, would be needed to elucidate the accuracy and extent
of these interesting findings.
Engineering of Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Protein as an Ecological, Friendly, and Non-toxic Pest Control Agent
Authors: Chiu Tiffany , Behari Anita , Chartron Justin , Putman Alexander , Li Yanran
Published: February 2021

Fungal pathogens cause extensive plant diseases that damage crop
production in the agricultural industry, resulting in annual crop loss,
diminished food security, and historically significant epidemics. Though
effective fungicides are available, their risks to the environment and
animal health have increased the demand for more sustainable methods to
control fungal pathogens. In plants, polygalacturonic-inhibiting
proteins (PGIPs) play critical roles for resistance to fungal disease by
inhibiting the pectin-depolymerizing activity of endopolygalacturonases
(PGs), one type of enzyme secreted by pathogens that compromise plant
cell walls and leave the plant susceptible to disease. Here, the
interactions between PGIPs from Phaseolus vulgaris (PvPGIP1 and PvPGIP2)
and PGs from Aspergillus niger (AnPG2), Botrytis cinerea (BcPG1, BcPG2),
and Fusarium moniliforme (FmPG3) were reconstituted through a yeast two
hybrid (Y2H) system to investigate the inhibition efficiency of various
PvPGIP1 and 2 truncations and mutants. We found that tPvPGIP2_5-8,
which contains LRR5 to LRR8 and is of only one-third the size of the
full-length peptide, exhibits the same level of interactions with AnPG
and BcPGs as the full length PvPGIP2 via Y2H. The inhibitory activities
of tPvPGIP2_5-8 on the growth of A. niger were then examined and
confirmed on pectin agar. Application of both full length PvPGIP2 and
tPvPGIP2_5-8 clearly slows down the growth of A. niger and B. cinerea
in the presence of pectin. The investigation on the sequence-function
correlation of PvPGIP2 suggests that LRR5 could have the most essential
structural feature for the inhibitory activities, and may be a possible
target for the future engineering of PGIP with enhanced activity. This
work highlights the potential of using plant-derived PGIPs as an
exogenously applied fungal control agent both to plants and postharvest
crops while minimally impacting the environment and human health.