bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of α‐Vinylalanine and α‐Ethynylalanine.
Authors: Avenoza Alberto , Cativiela Carlos , Peregrina Jesus M. , Sucunza David , Zurbano Maria M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Reduction of N‐Phthaloyl α‐Amino Ketones: An Expeditious Synthesis of Statine.
Authors: Sengupta Saumitra , Sen Sarma Debarati
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling of Anthrone by Mercury(II) Salts.
Authors: Pradhan Narayan , Pal Anjali , Pal Tarasankar
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Synthetic Method for Chiral 1,2‐Epoxides and the Total Synthesis of a Chiral Pheromone Epoxide.
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Bo , Wang Zhi‐Min , Wang Yu‐Xiu , Liu Huan‐Quan , Lei Gui‐Xin , Shi Min
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Reaction of Glycidols with Oxalyl Chloride and Phosgene — An Approach to Cyclic Esters.
Authors: Bredikhin A. A. , Pashagin A. V. , Strunskaya E. I. , Gubaydullin A. T. , Litvinov I. A. , Bredikhina Z. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2(3H)‐Benzoxazolinone Derivatives as Potential Beta‐3‐adrenergic Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Delhomel J. F. , Yous S. , Depreux P. , Lesieur D.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Antiinflammatory Activity of Some Thiazolo[3,2‐b]‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5(6H)‐ones and Their Michael Addition Products.
Authors: Tozkoparan Birsen , Kilcigil Guelguen Ayhan , Ertan Rahmiye , Ertan Mevluet , Kelicen Pelin , Demirdamar Ruemeysa
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid Catalyzed, Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 5‐Methylthiazolo[3,2‐b]‐s‐triazoles.
Authors: Heravi Majid M , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Rahimizadeh Mohammad , Davoodnia Abolghasem , Aghapoor Kiumars
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Route for the Preparation of 9‐Acridinecarboxamide Derivatives.
Authors: Kossanyi Alain , Mestre Beatrice , Perree‐Fauvet Martine
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Cyanopyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines in the Reaction of 5‐Amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazole with Arylidene Derivatives of Malonodinitrile and Ethyl Cyanoacetate.
Authors: Quiroga Jairo , Alvarado Mario , Insuasty Braulio , Moreno Rodolfo , Ravina Enrique , Estevez Isabel , de Almeida S. Regina H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Configurationally Stable Biaryl Analogues of 4‐(Dimethylamino)pyridine: A Novel Class of Chiral Nucleophilic Catalysts.
Authors: Spivey Alan C. , Fekner Tomasz , Spey Sharon E. , Adams Harry
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Thiopyrano[2,3‐d:6,5‐d′]dipyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Quintela Jose M. , Moreira Maria J. , Peinador Carlos
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactivity of Furanoid and Pyranoid Glycals Towards Aromatic Grignard Reagents and a Nickel Catalyst.
Authors: Tingoli Marco , Panunzi Barbara , Santacroce Federico
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthetic Method for α‐ and β‐Glycosyloxyacetic Acids.
Authors: Mandai Tadakatsu , Okumoto Hiroshi , Oshitari Tetsuta , Nakanishi Katsuyoshi , Mikuni Katsuhiko , Hara Ko‐ji , Hara Ko‐zo
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Thymine Polyoxin C Using an Allylic Trifluoroacetimidate—Trifluoroacetamide Rearrangement.
Authors: Chen Anqi , Thomas Eric J. , Wilson Peter D.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Furanoeremophilane Derivatives from Senecio flavus.
Authors: Torres Pascual , Ayala Juan , Grande Concepcion , Anaya Josefa , Grande Manuel
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tautomycin, a Dynamic Bioactive Substance
Authors: Ubukata Makoto
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of Mixed Halogenobuta‐1,3‐dienes
Authors: Kaberdin R. V. , Potkin V. I. , Zapol'skii V. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of medium composition on oxygen transfer rate in animal cell culture
Authors: Toye D. , Galifi A. , Salmon T. , Marchot P. , Verdin E. , Crine M.
Published: June 2010

Experiments were conducted in a 0.25 m diameter bubble column to investigate the effect of medium composition on oxygen transfer rate. Aqueous solutions, the composition of which mimics a mammalian cell culture medium, are used. The effect on oxygen transfer rate of additives used to protect cells against local hydrodynamic stresses induced by bubble coalescence and bursting is addressed, in the range of operating conditions (aeration rates) met in animal cell cultures.

The mass transfer coefficient, the liquid viscosity and surface tension, and the bubble size distribution are measured as a function of liquid composition and of gas superficial velocity, allowing to decouple the effects of the different additive on kL and on a.
Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations detected by denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Cohen Victor , Agulnik Jason S. , Ang Celina , Kasymjanova Goulnar , Batist Gerald , Small David , Brandao Guilherme , Chong George , Miller Wilson H.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

Somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase domain are associated with sensitivity to EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKI) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS:

The authors tested the possibility that nucleotide sequencing may be poorly suited for detection of mutations in tumor samples and found that denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) was an efficient and more sensitive method for screening.

RESULTS:

These results suggested that some reports based on standard DNA sequencing techniques may have underestimated mutation rates. In the present report, the authors examined the relationship between the presence and type of EGFR mutations detected by dHPLC and various clinicopathologic features of NSCLC, including response to therapy with EGFR‐TKI. Among 251 patients with advanced disease, 100 individuals received EGFR‐TKI. Those whose tumors harbored a detectable EGFR kinase mutation were much more likely to have a partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) with EGFR‐TKI therapy than patients whose tumor contained no mutation (80% vs 35%; P = .001). Among the individual genotype subgroups, the frequency of a PR or SD was significantly different between patients with an exon 19 deletion compared with those with no detectable mutation (86% vs 35%; P < .001). Furthermore, patients whose tumors expressed an exon 19 mutant EGFR isoform exhibited a trend toward better EGFR‐TKI response (86% vs 67%; P = .171) and improved survival compared with patients whose tumors expressed an exon 21 mutation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings warrant confirmation in large prospective trials and exploration of the biological mechanisms of the differences between mutation types. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Efficacy and safety of the combination of rituximab, fludarabine, and mitoxantrone for rituximab‐naive, recurrent/refractory follicular non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with high tumor burden
Authors: Morschhauser Franck , Mounier Nicolas , Sebban Catherine , Brice Pauline , Solal‐Celigny Phillippe , Tilly Herve , Feugier Pierre , Fermé Christophe , Copin Marie Christine , Lamy Thierry
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

This phase 2 trial was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab combined with intravenous fludarabine and mitoxantrone (R‐FM) for patients with recurrent/refractory follicular lymphoma who had high tumor burden according to Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes Folliculaires (GELF) criteria.

METHODS:

Fifty patients were enrolled who had received a maximum of 2 previous regimens, including 1 cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP)/CHOP‐like regimen but no previous exposure to rituximab, fludarabine, or mitoxantrone. At baseline, 58% of patients had bulky disease (lesion >7cm), 56% had high‐risk Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) scores (range, 3‐5), and 22% were refractory. Treatment consisted of 4 courses of R‐FM (rituximab 375 mg/m2 intravenously on Day 1, fludarabine 25 mg/m2 intravenously on Days 2 through 4, and mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2 intravenously on Day 2, recycling at Day 28) and consolidation with 2 courses of fludarabine and mitoxantrone (the same regimen without rituximab).

RESULTS:

The best response (84% overall response rate including 68% complete response/complete response unconfirmed) was achieved after 4 courses of R‐FM. Response rates were high regardless of age, refractoriness to last previous therapy, and FLIPI score. After a median follow‐up of 4 years, the 3‐year progression‐free survival rate was 47%, the event‐free survival rate was 41%, and the 3‐year overall survival rate was 66%. Grade ≥3 neutropenia and infections were the most common toxicities and occurred in 72% and 14% of patients, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Cytoreduction with 4 courses of R‐FM was safe and highly efficient in patients with recurrent/refractory follicular lymphoma who had high tumor burden; however, better consolidation than FM is needed to further improve outcome. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Insurance status and survival disparities among nonelderly rectal cancer patients in the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Robbins Anthony S. , Chen Amy Y. , Stewart Andrew K. , Staley Charles A. , Virgo Katherine S. , Ward Elizabeth M.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

Among patients with colorectal cancer, insurance status is associated with disparities in survival as well as differences in stage and treatment. The role of stage and treatment differences in these survival disparities is not clear because insurance status is also strongly correlated with race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and other factors.

METHODS:

The authors used data from the National Cancer Data Base, a national hospital‐based cancer registry, to examine insurance status and other factors related to survival among 19,154 rectal cancer patients aged 18 to 64 years. The authors examined the impact of 10 factors on 5‐year survival: age, sex, race/ethnicity, histologic grade, histologic subtype, neighborhood education and income levels, facility type, stage, and treatment.

RESULTS:

Adjusted only for age, the hazard ratio (HR) for death at 5 years was 1.00 (referent) among privately insured patients, 2.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89‐2.23) among Medicaid‐insured patients, and 2.01 (95% CI, 1.84‐2.19) among uninsured patients. After adjustment for all factors other than stage and treatment, the HRs were 1.88 (95% CI, 1.722.04) for Medicaid‐insured patients and 1.84 (95% CI, 1.69‐2.01) for uninsured patients. After further adjustment for stage and treatment, the HRs were 1.34 (95% CI, 1.22‐1.46) for Medicaid‐insured patients and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.18‐1.42) for uninsured patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

After adjustment for age, further adjustment for 9 other factors reduced the excess mortality among rectal cancer patients without private insurance by approximately 70%. Disparities in stage and treatment accounted for approximately 53% of the excess mortality, whereas factors other than stage and treatment accounted for approximately 17%. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Expression of Concern: Adenovirus‐mediated expression of truncated E2F‐1 suppresses tumor growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Gomez‐Gutierrez Jorge G. , Garcia‐Garcia Aracely , Hao Hongying , Rao Xiao‐Mei , Montes de Oca‐Luna Roberto , Zhou Heshan S. , McMasters Kelly M.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

Adenovirus (Ad)‐mediated E2F‐1 gene transfer induces apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, but clinical application of E2F‐1 in cancer gene therapy remains controversial because of the oncogenic potential of E2F‐1. This barrier can be circumvented by using the truncated form of the E2F‐1 gene (E2Ftr) (amino acids 1 through 375), which lacks the E2F‐1 transactivation domain and cell cycle‐promoting effects.

METHODS:

The authors constructed 3 adenoviral vectors that expressed E2Ftr under regulation of the tetracycline (Tet)‐off system (AdTet‐E2Ftr1, AdTet‐E2Ftr2, and AdTet‐E2Ftr3). These vectors were compared for E2Ftr expression and apoptosis induction in cancer cells and normal cells. E2Ftr antitumor activity in vivo also was assessed in a melanoma xenograft model.

RESULTS:

One of the 3 vectors, AdTet‐E2Ftr3, had the highest E2Ftr protein expression levels, which were correlated with the greatest induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cancer cell growth. E2Ftr induced apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines independent of p53 status with little cytotoxicity in normal cell lines. In a mouse melanoma xenograft model, AdTet‐E2Ftr3 exhibited an approximately 80% decrease in tumor size compared with controls in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results indicated that AdTet‐E2Ftr3 is a novel anticancer agent that has significant therapeutic activity in vitro and in vivo. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Dendritic cells erase bad memory
Authors: Kurts Christian
Published: June 2010

DC not only activate CD4 T (Th) cell and cytotoxic CD8 T cell (CTL) responses against pathogens, but they also tolerize autoreactive T cells in order to avoid autoimmunity. Previous studies have demonstrated that steady‐state DC can tolerize naïve CTL, naïve Th cells and memory CTL. A study in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology demonstrates that DC also tolerize memory Th cells. This is arguably most critical for developing therapies against autoimmune disease; first, because Th cells are the central regulators of all adaptive immune responses, and second because memory, rather than naïve T cells are the clinically relevant cells in established autoimmune diseases. This study fosters hope that DC‐based specific immunotherapies for common autoimmune diseases are possible.
Microglia promote colonization of brain tissue by breast cancer cells in a Wnt‐dependent way
Authors: Pukrop Tobias , Dehghani Faramarz , Chuang Han‐Ning. , Lohaus Raphaela , Bayanga Kathrin , Heermann Stephan , Regen Tommy , Rossum Denise Van , Klemm Florian , Schulz Matthias , Siam Laila , Hoffmann Anja , Trümper Lorenz , Stadelmann Christine , Bechmann Ingo , Hanisch Uwe‐Karsten , Binder Claudia
Published: June 2010

Although there is increasing evidence that blood‐derived macrophages support tumor progression, it is still unclear whether specialized resident macrophages, such as brain microglia, also play a prominent role in metastasis formation. Here, we show that microglia enhance invasion and colonization of brain tissue by breast cancer cells, serving both as active transporters and guiding rails. This is antagonized by inactivation of microglia as well as by the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf‐2. Proinvasive microglia demonstrate altered morphology, but neither upregulation of M2‐like cytokines nor differential gene expression. Bacterial lipopolysacharide shifts tumor‐educated microglia into a classical M1 phenotype, reduces their proinvasive function, and unmasks inflammatory and Wnt signaling as the most strongly regulated pathways. Histological findings in human brain metastases underline the significance of these results. In conclusion, microglia are critical for the successful colonization of the brain by epithelial cancer cells, suggesting inhibition of proinvasive microglia as a promising antimetastatic strategy. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MicroRNA‐125b suppresses the development of bladder cancer by targeting E2F3
Authors: Huang Li , Luo Junhua , Cai Qingqing , Pan Qiuhui , Zeng Hong , Guo Zhenghui , Dong Wen , Huang Jian , Lin Tianxin
Published: June 2010

Increasing evidence has suggested that dysregulation of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to tumorigenesis. microRNA‐125b (miR‐125b) was implicated to have close relationship with cell proliferation and differentiation, and downregulation of miR‐125b was observed in various types of cancers. However, the biological function of miR‐125b in bladder tumorigenesis is still unknown. In our study, we showed that the expression of miR‐125b was significantly decreased in bladder cancer tissues and four bladder cancer cell lines. Moreover, miR‐125b could suppress bladder cancer cells to form colonies in vitro and to develop tumors in nude mice. E2F3, which was critical for G1/S transition and was overexpressed in most of poor‐differentiated bladder cancers, was identified as a target of miR‐125b by luciferase assay. The E2F3 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines, and interestingly, inverse correlations between miR‐125b and E2F3 protein level were found in bladder cancer tissues and four E2F3 nonamplified cell lines. Introduction of miR‐125b could reduce the expression of E2F3 protein but not the E2F3 mRNA. In addition, we observed that transfection of miR‐125b could inhibit the expression of Cyclin A2, one of the E2Fs‐responsive genes involved in G1/S transition. These results suggest that miR‐125b may regulate G1/S transition through the E2F3–Cyclin A2 signaling pathway. Taken together, miR‐125b may act as a tumor suppressor in bladder urothelium, and downregulation of miR‐125b may contribute to the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer.
β‐amino acid substitution to investigate the recognition of angiotensin II (AngII) by angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)
Authors: Clayton Daniel , Hanchapola Iresha , Hausler Nicholas , Unabia Sharon , Lew Rebecca A. , Widdop Robert E. , Smith Alexander I. , Perlmutter Patrick , Aguilar Marie‐Isabel
Published: June 2010

In spite of the important role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the cardiovascular system, little is known about the substrate structural requirements of the AngII–ACE2 interaction. Here we investigate how changes in angiotensin II (AngII) structure affect binding and cleavage by ACE2. A series of C3 β‐amino acid AngII analogs were generated and their secondary structure, ACE2 inhibition, and proteolytic stability assessed by circular dichroism (CD), quenched fluorescence substrate (QFS) assay, and LC‐MS analysis, respectively. The β‐amino acid‐substituted AngII analogs showed differences in secondary structure, ACE2 binding and proteolytic stability. In particular, three different subsets of structure‐activity profiles were observed corresponding to substitutions in the N‐terminus, the central region and the C‐terminal region of AngII. The results show that β‐substitution can dramatically alter the structure of AngII and changes in structure correlated with ACE2 inhibition and/or substrate cleavage. β‐amino acid substitution in the N‐terminal region of AngII caused little change in structure or substrate cleavage, while substitution in the central region of AngII lead to increased β‐turn structure and enhanced substrate cleavage. β‐amino acid substitution in the C‐terminal region significantly diminished both secondary structure and proteolytic processing by ACE2. The β‐AngII analogs with enhanced or decreased proteolytic stability have potential application for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disease. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction of axial chirality in a planar aromatic ligand results in chiral recognition with DNA
Authors: Dubois Marc‐André , Grandbois Alain , Collins Shawn K. , Schmitzer Andreea R.
Published: June 2010

Dimerization of a hydroxycarbazole produces an axially chiral biaryl, BICOL (2). One enantiomer (R)‐2, is capable of enantioselective binding to different polymorphs of DNA. The biaryl (R)‐2 was shown by fluorescence and circular dichroism to induce a shift of Z‐DNA to B‐DNA. The opposite enantiomer (S)‐2 shows no specific binding. The significant difference in behaviour between the two enantiomers (S)‐2 and (R)‐2 is in line with molecular modelling studies which show two very different binding geometries between the enantiomers with each polymorph of DNA. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of eight fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium samples by headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Roehsig Marli , de Paula Daniela Mendes Louzada , Moura Sidnei , de Albuquerque Diniz Edna Maria , Yonamine Mauricio
Published: June 2010

A number of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) have recently been detected in meconium samples. Several of these FAEEs have been evaluated as possible biomarkers for in utero ethanol exposure. In the present study, a method was optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of eight FAEEs (ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl palmitoleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and ethyl arachidonate) in meconium samples. FAEEs were extracted by headspace solid‐phase microextraction. Analyte detection and quantification were carried out using GC‐MS operated in chemical ionization mode. The corresponding D5‐ethyl esters were synthesized and used as internal standards. The LOQ and LOD for each analyte were <150 and <100 ng/g, respectively. The method showed good linearity (r2>0.98) in the concentration range studied (LOQ – 2000 ng/g). The intra‐ and interday imprecision, given by the RSD of the method, was lower than 15% for all FAEEs studied. The validated method was applied to 63 authentic specimens. FAEEs could be detected in alcohol‐exposed newborns (>600 ng/g cumulative concentration). Interestingly, FAEEs could also be detected in some non‐exposed newborns, although the concentrations were much lower than those measured in exposed cases.
Alternatives to amino acid analysis for the purity control of pharmaceutical grade L‐alanine
Authors: Holzgrabe Ulrike , Nap Cees‐Jan , Beyer Tanja , Almeling Stefan
Published: June 2010

The quality control of drugs is important for safety of patients and consumers. International pharmacopoeias mostly employed HPLC with UV detection for this purpose. This is always a problem when the drugs, such as most amino acids, are lacking a chromophor. Instead of UV detection, the impurity control of alanine was performed using charged aerosol detector, evaporative light‐scattering detector, nano quantity analyte detector, MS detector, and as an orthogonal method, quantitative NMR spectroscopy. The charged aerosol detector, MS detector, and quantitative NMR spectroscopy provided similar and precise results, whereas the evaporative light‐scattering detector and nano quantity analyte detector revealed some problems regarding sensitivity, linearity, and robustness.
Telomere/telomerase interplay in virus‐driven and virus‐independent lymphomagenesis: pathogenic and clinical implications
Authors: Dolcetti Riccardo , De Rossi Anita
Published: June 2010

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex critically involved in extending and maintaining telomeres. Unlike the majority of somatic cells, in which hTERT and telomerase activity are generally silent, normal lymphocytes show transient physiological hTERT expression and telomerase activity according to their differentiation/activation status. During lymphomagenesis, induction of persistent telomerase expression and activity may occur before or after telomere shortening, as a consequence of the different mechanisms through which transforming factors/agents may activate telomerase. Available data indicate that the timing of telomerase activation may allow the distinction of two different lymphomagenetic models: (i) an early activation of telomerase via exogenous regulators of hTERT, along with an increased lymphocyte growth and a subsequent selection of cells with increased transforming potential may characterize several virus‐related lymphoid malignancies; (ii) a progressive shortening of telomeres, leading to genetic instability which favors a subsequent activation of telomerase via endogenous regulators may occur in most virus‐unrelated lymphoid tumors. These models may have clinically relevant implications, particularly for the tailoring of therapeutic strategies targeting telomerase. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
The possible role of regenerating axons in pain persistence after brachial plexus grafting
Authors: Bertelli Jayme Augusto , Ghizoni Marcos Flávio
Published: June 2010

We tested the hypothesis that chronic pain in patients with grafted brachial plexus injuries stems from regenerating axons. Eight patients who had undergone brachial plexus grafting still reported persistent pain 24 months after surgery, and were followed for an additional 6months. After recording each patient's self‐reported pain severity using a 10‐point verbal analogue scale, a tourniquet was inflated in the injured arm for 90 seconds. Then, patients were asked again to rate their pain. Finally, anesthetic blocks were administered to the nonavulsed C5 root. After tourniquet application to the injured limb, pain significantly decreased by 85% (P < 0.001) in all grafted patients. Anesthetic blocks yielded at least 90% pain reduction. Our findings suggest that pain after brachial plexus injury arises from nonavulsed rather than avulsed roots. After grafting, regenerating axons which have attained the periphery might be responsible for pain maintenance. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:532–536, 2010.
Latissimus dorsi muscle flap for lower extremity reconstruction in children
Authors: Namdar Thomas , Stollwerck Peter L. , Stang Felix H. , Lange Thomas , Mailänder Peter , Siemers Frank
Published: June 2010

Complete loss of free latissimus dorsi muscle flaps to the leg is frequently reported. The purpose of this study is to analyze the outcome of latissimus dorsi muscle flaps to the lower extremity in children. Patients and methods. This retrospective analysis includes 11 children treated with a free latissimus dorsi muscle flap after severe trauma to the lower leg and foot. Results. Fourteen free latissimus dorsi muscle flaps were performed in 11 children with a mean age of 13 ± 4 years. The injuries were caused by traffic accidents, lawnmower accidents, and a crush trauma. Thirteen (92.8%) flaps needed surgical revision. Three complete flap losses and 1 partial flap loss were registered. Conclusions. Free latissimus dorsi muscle flaps seem to be a useful technique for lower extremity salvage after severe injury, but there is a relevant flap failure risk in children. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:537–540, 2010.
Surgical algorithm for treatment of post‐traumatic trigeminal nerve pain
Authors: Rosson Gedge D. , Rodriguez Eduardo D. , George Pravin , Lee Dellon A.
Published: June 2010

Background: Acute postoperative pain following craniofacial or esthetic surgery, or trauma is readily treated with medicinal regimens. Facial pain persisting for more than six months is defined as chronic and must be distinguished from nontraumatic atypical facial pain or “tic‐douloureaux.” Our surgical experience managing chronic facial (trigeminal) pain is reviewed to provide insight into the success of our current algorithm for managing patients with chronic facial pain. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of nine consecutive patients operated for post‐traumatic chronic trigeminal nerve pain. Most patients were women (mean age 41 years). Data evaluated included mechanism of nerve injury, physical exam, CT scans, computer‐aided neurosensory testing, and diagnostic nerve blocks. Surgical management included hardware removal, neurolysis, and/or neuroma resection with nerve grafting when indicated. Primary outcome measurement included Likert pain scale score (range 0–10). Secondary outcome measurements included sensory exam, medication requirement, and return to work. Based on these outcome measures, results were defined as excellent, good, fair, or poor. Results: Five of the nine patients had excellent outcomes, one was good, two were fair, and one was poor. The one patient with a poor result had temporary improvements, but later returned to baseline. No patient was made symptomatically worse or had operative complications. Conclusions: Successful treatment of chronic, post‐traumatic trigeminal nerve pain can be expected using an algorithm that measures sensory function of the involved trigeminal nerve branch. Then either preserves that function through neurolysis or reconstruction with a nerve graft, or eliminates that function through neuroma resection. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:614–621, 2010.
Der Erste erstellt's, der Zweite erhält's, dem Dritten zerfällt's
Authors: Freitag‐Stechl Dirk
Published: June 2010

Eine erfolgreiche Unternehmensübergabe an die nächste Generation hängt von Faktoren wie dem richtigen Zeitpunkt und dem geeigneten Nachfolger ab. Ein Radeberger Labor zeigt, wie es geht.
Monotone difference schemes stabilized by discrete mollification for strongly degenerate parabolic equations
Authors: Acosta Carlos D. , Bürger Raimund , Mejía Carlos E.
Published: June 2010

The discrete mollification method is a convolution‐based filtering procedure suitable for the regularization of ill‐posed problems and for the stabilization of explicit schemes for the solution of PDEs. This method is applied to the discretization of the diffusive terms of a known first‐order monotone finite difference scheme [Evje and Karlsen, SIAM J Numer Anal 37 (2000) 1838–1860] for initial value problems of strongly degenerate parabolic equations in one space dimension. It is proved that the mollified scheme is monotone and converges to the unique entropy solution of the initial value problem, under a CFL stability condition which permits to use time steps that are larger than with the unmollified (basic) scheme. Several numerical experiments illustrate the performance and gains in CPU time for the mollified scheme. Applications to initial‐boundary value problems are included. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 38–62, 2012
Analysis and measurement of carbon nanotube dispersions: nanodispersion versus macrodispersion
Authors: Green Micah J
Published: June 2010

Because of their unique mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) form the basis for a wide variety of multifunctional devices and materials; many of these applications require that CNTs be dispersed and processed in liquids such as organic solvents, polymer melts or surfactant solutions. One of the most problematic issues affecting the CNT research community is the lack of standards and uniform characterization methods for CNT dispersion. A 2005 NASA‐NIST workshop aimed to address this issue and made a clear distinction between ‘nanodispersion’ of individual CNTs and ‘macrodispersion’ of CNT bundles. Unfortunately, this distinction has yet to percolate through the CNT dispersion literature. The present article seeks to elucidate and commend these concepts, identify the situations where this difference is most critical, note some scenarios where these concepts have been underutilized and posit experimental and computational characterization methods for quantifying the degree of nanodispersion. Particular attention is devoted to the controversial claims of complete nanodispersion and how such claims may be verified. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Crystal structure of a truncated urease accessory protein UreF from Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Lam Robert , Romanov Vladimir , Johns Kathy , Battaile Kevin P. , Wu‐Brown Jean , Guthrie Jennifer L. , Hausinger Robert P. , Pai Emil F. , Chirgadze Nickolay Y.
Published: June 2010

Urease plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori in humans. Maturation of this nickel metalloenzyme in bacteria requires the participation of the accessory proteins UreD (termed UreH in H. pylori), UreF, and UreG, which form sequential complexes with the urease apoprotein as well as UreE, a metallochaperone. Here, we describe the crystal structure of C‐terminal truncated UreF from H. pylori (residues 1–233), the first UreF structure to be determined, at 1.55 Å resolution using SAD methods. UreF forms a dimer in vitro and adopts an all‐helical fold congruent with secondary structure prediction. On the basis of evolutionary conservation analysis, the structure reveals a probable binding surface for interaction with other urease components as well as key conserved residues of potential functional relevance. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exciton‐polaritons in microcavities: Recent discoveries and perspectives
Authors: Kavokin Alexey
Published: June 2010

The exciton‐polaritons in microcavities is a unique bosonic system which demonstrates remarkable quantum coherent phenomena at very high temperatures. The Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) and superfluidity, polariton lasing, parametric scattering and amplification, polariton spin switching, optical spin Hall effect (OSHE), quantised vortices are among the fascinating phenomena discovered in microcavities in the XXIst century. This paper is a short review of these and other recent discoveries in the exciton‐polariton physics. It also contains an attempt to predict the next steps in the development of this field and addresses several effects, which have been theoretically predicted but not yet experimentally observed. This includes the ‘polariton neurons’, the ‘spin Meissner effect’ and the exciton‐polariton mediated superconductivity.
Traditional medicine Taeeumjowitangkagambang exerts antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects via antioxidant enzyme enhancement
Authors: Park Cheol‐Hwan , Jeong Soo‐Jin , Lee Hyo‐Jeong , Lee Eun‐Ok , Bae Hyunsu , Lee Min‐Ho , Kim Sun‐Hyung , Jung Hee‐Jae , Ahn Kyoo Seok , Kim Sung‐Hoon
Published: June 2010

Taeeumjowitangkagambang (ETJKB) is a traditional Korean medicine that has been clinically used for obesity with little mechanistic understanding. The present study investigated antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects of ETJKB in high fat diet fed rats as well as a 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocyte differentiation model. ETJKB significantly inhibited the lipidogenesis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes in a concentration‐dependent manner as well as reduced the cellular adipokine leptin level. Daily oral gavage of ETJKB to rats fed a high fat diet significantly attenuated body weight gain and abdominal and epididymal fat weights. ETJKB treatment also reduced the levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride as well as increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum compared with the untreated control. Similarly, the ETJKB treatment decreased the levels of total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol in liver tissue in high fat diet fed rats. Interestingly, ETJKB significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and catalase in liver tissue, while decreasing the hydroxyl radical, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyl concentration. An improvement of antioxidant enzymes was associated with improved body weight control and healthier lipid profiles and therefore may play an important role in the antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects of ETJKB. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cripto-1 Is a Cell Surface Marker for a Tumorigenic, Undifferentiated Subpopulation in Human Embryonal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Watanabe Kazuhide , Meyer Matthew J. , Strizzi Luigi , Lee Joseph M. , Gonzales Monica , Bianco Caterina , Nagaoka Tadahiro , Farid Shahram S. , Margaryan Naira , Hendrix Mary J.C. , Vonderhaar Barbara K. , Salomon David S.
Published: June 2010

Deregulation of stem cells is associated with the generation and progression of malignant tumors. In addition, genes that are associated with early embryogenesis are frequently expressed in cancer. Cripto-1 (CR-1), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked glycoprotein, is expressed during early embryogenesis and in various human carcinomas. We demonstrated that human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are heterogeneous for CR-1 expression and consist of two distinct subpopulations: a CR-1High and a CR-1Low population. By segregating CR-1High and CR-1Low populations of NTERA2/D1 EC cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we demonstrated that CR-1High cells were more tumorigenic than CR-1Low cells by an in vitro tumor sphere assay and by in vivo xenograft formation. The CR-1High population was enriched in mRNA expression for the pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell genes Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. CR-1 expression in NTERA2/D1 cells was regulated by a Smad2/3-dependent autocrine loop, by the ES cell-related transcription factors Oct4/Nanog, and partially by the DNA methylation status of the promoter region. These results demonstrate that CR-1 expression is enriched in an undifferentiated, tumorigenic subpopulation and is regulated by key regulators of pluripotent stem cells.
Frontomaxillary facial angle in fetuses with spina bifida at 11–13 weeks' gestation
Authors: Lachmann R. , Picciarelli G. , Moratalla J. , Greene N. , Nicolaides K. H.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To determine whether in fetuses with open spina bifida at 11–13 weeks' gestation the frontomaxillary facial angle is decreased.

Methods

The frontomaxillary facial angle was measured in 20 fetuses with open spina bifida and in 100 normal controls matched for crown–rump length (CRL) at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks and the values in the two groups were compared.

Results

In the control group the frontomaxillary facial angle decreased significantly with CRL from a mean of 84.0° at a CRL of 45 mm to 76.5° at a CRL of 84 mm (SD, 3.26°). In the spina bifida group the mean frontomaxillary facial angle, corrected for CRL, was 9.9° lower than in the controls and it was below the 5th centile in 18 (90%) of the cases (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

In fetuses with open spina bifida at 11–13 weeks' gestation the frontomaxillary facial angle is decreased and this measurement may be useful in early screening for this abnormality. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of fetal persistent urogenital sinus with congenital hydrocolpos
Authors: Taori K. , Krishnan V. , Sharbidre K. G. , Andhare A. , Kulkarni B. R. , Bopche S. , Patil V.
Published: June 2010

We report a case of persistent urogenital sinus with hydrocolpos and associated renal anomalies diagnosed prenatally at 30 weeks' gestation. The prenatal findings were confirmed on postnatal ultrasonography and genitogram with voiding urethrogram. The imaging features and a review of the literature are discussed. The possibility of hydrometrocolpos secondary to urogenital sinus should be considered on prenatal sonography in the presence of a presacral cystic mass with clear urine or turbid contents and a fluid–debris level (cervical or vaginal secretions). Because the prognosis and neonatal management of isolated hydrocolpos (which usually resolves spontaneously) differ greatly from those of hydrocolpos associated with a cloacal malformation, it is important to diagnose prenatally any associated anomalies in order to allow optimal postnatal management. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RNA decay modulates gene expression and controls its fidelity
Authors: Ghosh Shubhendu , Jacobson Allan
Published: June 2010

Maintenance of cellular function relies on the expression of genetic information with high fidelity, a process in which RNA molecules form an important link. mRNAs are intermediates that define the proteome, rRNAs and tRNAs are effector molecules that act together to decode mRNA sequence information, and small noncoding RNAs can regulate mRNA half‐life and translatability. The steady‐state levels of these RNAs occur through transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms, of which RNA decay pathways are integral components. RNA decay can initiate from the ends of a transcript or through endonucleolytic cleavage, and numerous factors that catalyze or promote these reactions have been identified and characterized. The rate at which decay occurs depends on RNA sequence or structural elements and usually requires the RNA to be modified in a way that allows recruitment of the decay machinery to the transcript through the binding of accessory factors or small RNAs. The major RNA decay pathways also play important roles in the quality control (QC) of gene expression. Acting in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, multiple QC factors monitor newly synthesized transcripts, or mRNAs undergoing translation, for properties essential to function, including structural integrity or the presence of complete open‐reading frames. Transcripts targeted by these surveillance mechanisms are rapidly shunted into conventional decay pathways where they are degraded rapidly to ensure that they do not interfere with the normal course of gene expression. Collectively, degradative mechanisms are important determinants of the extent of gene expression and play key roles in maintaining its accuracy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Laparoscopic Versus Open Appendectomy in Adults with Complicated Appendicitis: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Markides Georgios , Subar Daren , Riyad Kallingal
Published: June 2010

Background

The goal of the present study was to critically review and identify the strength of available evidence in the literature on the use of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in complicated appendicitis (CA).

Methods

The Cochrane Library and Controlled Trials Registry, MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Web of knowledge, and SCOPUS databases were electronically searched, using the keywords “appendectomy,” “laparoscopy,” “appendicitis.” “complicated appendicitis.” “gangrenous appendicitis,” “perforated appendicitis,” with English language as a limit. Backward chaining was also employed. The NHS Public Health Resource Unit Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Tools were used for critical appraisal.

Results

Twelve retrospective case‐control studies were included in the review. Overall methodological quality was moderate to poor, with heterogeneity, absence of randomization and blinding, and presence of important methodological flaws. Meta‐analysis showed that LA in CA has reduced surgical site infection (SSI) rates compared to open appendectomy (OA), odds ratio (OR) 0.23, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.14–0.37 (level 3a evidence), and no difference with regard to intra‐abdominal abscess (IAA) complication rates OR: 1.02, 95% CI 0.56–1.86 (level 3a evidence).

Conclusions

When compared to OA, laparoscopic appendectomy is advantageous in CA with regard to SSIs, with no significant additional risk of IAA (level 3a evidence).