bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical Education in Jeopardy? Assessing the Interdisciplinary Faculty Structure in a University Merger
Authors: Vellamo Tea , Pekkola Elias , Siekkinen Taru
Published: December 2019

The social responsibility of universities is to contribute to solving the ‘wicked problems’ facing humanity, including climate change, poverty, conflicts and the lack of energy resources. Interdisciplinarity is an approach that enables solving these problems and helps higher education institutions become more socially responsible while meeting the requirements of their stakeholders. In this chapter, we analyse a multidisciplinary and sector-breaking merger of three higher education institutions in Finland, where the merger is justified by its contribution to solving wicked problems through increased structural interdisciplinarity. We examine the suggested faculty structures and views of staff and students to understand how interdisciplinarity and addressing the needs of stakeholders are seen from the perspective of technical education. The interdisciplinary faculty structure is heavily criticised by the internal stakeholders, who claim that it does not meet the needs of the university’s external stakeholders. However, there is debate on whose interests and identities are at risk when the disciplinary boundaries of technical education are transgressed.
Introduction
Authors: Moghaddari Sonja
Published: December 2019

How does diversity among Hamburg-based Iranians, that is, different positionings in internal relations, relate to their chances of generating capital in local and transnational social fields? I introduce the reader to this book’s theoretical argument that relies on bringing together research on internal differentiation, transnational social fields, and the anthropological theory of value. My approach consists in analyzing processes of evaluation that take place in different social fields through a fine-grained ethnography, allowing me to trace the way migrants engage with various systems of value that shape dynamics in social fields. I show why Germany as a country of immigration and Iranian migration to Germany are of particular historical and geopolitical relevance. The introduction is complete with a short presentation of the book’s storyline.
Narrating “Traditional Iranian Carpet Merchants”
Authors: Moghaddari Sonja
Published: December 2019

Iranian carpet merchants developed a collective identitary narrative to enhance their capital creation in the social field of the German market, the field of Iranian foreign trade, and transnational bazari networks. This chapter goes beyond the practicalities of juggling resources across social fields: it explains the motivation behind this agency. Building on David Graeber’s anthropology of value, as well as on studies about identity marketing and ethnic entrepreneurship, I show how the merchants’ resources were evaluated between the 1950s and today to explain by which systems of value these social fields were shaped. From the confrontation between changing systems of value emerges Iranian carpet merchants’ potential to increase the efficiency of their capital creation by—collectively—trying to redefine the meaning of their resources.
A Festival at the Interstices of Value Systems
Authors: Moghaddari Sonja
Published: December 2019

This chapter puts observations made in previous parts of this book into perspective, as it highlights the diversity of positionalities in internal relations in the context of the organization of an Iranian cultural festival. As agents that appeared in previous chapters come to interact with the young and unexperienced organizer, Behruz, during fundraising activities and at the festival itself, it becomes clear that their exchanges are driven by multiple, partly compatible, partly competing strategies of capital creation deriving from individual or collective politics of value within a large variety of local and transnational social fields.
Conclusion
Authors: Moghaddari Sonja
Published: December 2019

In the conclusion, I contend that migrants juggle resources to negotiate social boundaries in ephemeral, situational, often contradictory, and not always conscious ways, in order to navigate swiftly vanishing and appearing chances and barriers to their generation of capital. Through my analysis, the complex interplay of different systems of value in migrants’ interactions and the pivotal role of those that prioritize resources associated to Western ideas and practices throughout space and time become clear. The approach I introduce in this book, combining the study of local internal differentiation with migrants’ engagement in transnational social fields, enables me to show that internal diversity constitutes both a reflection of and a tool to engage with various, often diverging, systems of value.
What Responsible Businesses Can Learn from Social Innovation
Authors: Antoniou Josephina
Published: December 2019

This chapter presents initiatives and success stories from the realm of social innovation with the aim of identifying elements of Responsible Innovation (RI) and their significance. The motivation behind selecting social innovation to highlight the positive impact of RI practices is twofold. Focusing on social innovation provides, primarily, an opportunity to investigate the business perspective, by looking into cases where businesses have reconnected with the community through shifting their focus towards serving society, as a means to become more successful. Often this leads to immediate benefits for the business but also sets the framework for a long-term strategy that goes beyond well-known corporate social innovation activities, to encompass further activities that potentially initiate and support both social and environmental change. In addition, the focus on social innovation allows a better view of the community perspective, by considering the public as important business stakeholders, i.e. consumers and customers. As such, the public increasingly demands that business practices are handled in a more ethical way. As societies become more vulnerable due to economic instabilities, resource crises and political changes, the public demands adoption of new ways of thinking, and it is often implied that the road to a successful economic, and often cultural, transformation needs to go through social innovation. Undoubtedly, the goal of social innovation is to provide socially beneficial solutions that drive economic growth, but the task is not an easy one. Therefore, RI is essential for driving society forward, especially when it comes to the key aspects of employment, education and social inclusion.
RI – A Drain on Company Resources or a Competitive Advantage?
Authors: Schroeder Doris
Published: December 2019

Responsible innovation (RI) is an approach to business that can both incur and save costs. Some company leaders are concerned that it is yet another administrative and financial burden on their commercial operations. Others can see its financial advantages, e.g. avoiding the development of products the market will not accept, or reducing costs through sustainability measures. Building on the corporate responsibility and management advice literature, this chapter indicates a number of areas where RI can create a competitive advantage for SMEs. Real life case studies provide examples of reduced costs, reputational gains, employee retention, faster market entry, access to previously unavailable stakeholders, higher acceptability of end products, and higher innovation potential through diverse employees. Success cannot be guaranteed, but the willingness of an SME to innovate in areas that have positive societal impact in addition to profits can bring business benefits.
Stearoyl CoA desaturase is a gatekeeper that protects human beta cells against lipotoxicity and maintains their identity
Authors: Oshima Masaya , Pechberty Séverine , Bellini Lara , Göpel Sven O. , Campana Mélanie , Rouch Claude , Dairou Julien , Cosentino Cristina , Fantuzzi Federica , Toivonen Sanna , Marchetti Piero , Magnan Christophe , Cnop Miriam , Le Stunff Hervé , Scharfmann Raphaël
Published: December 2019

Aims/hypothesis

During the onset of type 2 diabetes, excessive dietary intake of saturated NEFA and fructose lead to impaired insulin production and secretion by insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. The majority of data on the deleterious effects of lipids on functional beta cell mass were obtained either in vivo in rodent models or in vitro using rodent islets and beta cell lines. Translating data from rodent to human beta cells remains challenging. Here, we used the human beta cell line EndoC-βH1 and analysed its sensitivity to a lipotoxic and glucolipotoxic (high palmitate with or without high glucose) insult, as a way to model human beta cells in a type 2 diabetes environment.

Methods

EndoC-βH1 cells were exposed to palmitate after knockdown of genes related to saturated NEFA metabolism. We analysed whether and how palmitate induces apoptosis, stress and inflammation and modulates beta cell identity.

Results

EndoC-βH1 cells were insensitive to the deleterious effects of saturated NEFA (palmitate and stearate) unless stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) was silenced. SCD was abundantly expressed in EndoC-βH1 cells, as well as in human islets and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived beta cells. SCD silencing induced markers of inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress and also IAPP mRNA. Treatment with the SCD products oleate or palmitoleate reversed inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Upon SCD knockdown, palmitate induced expression of dedifferentiation markers such as SOX9, MYC and HES1. Interestingly, SCD knockdown by itself disrupted beta cell identity with a decrease in mature beta cell markers INS, MAFA and SLC30A8 and decreased insulin content and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

Conclusions/interpretation

The present study delineates an important role for SCD in the protection against lipotoxicity and in the maintenance of human beta cell identity.

Data availability

Microarray data and all experimental details that support the findings of this study have been deposited in in the GEO database with the GSE130208 accession code.
Analysis of one-dimensional models for exchange flows under strong stratification
Authors: Kaptein Steven J. , van de Wal Koen J. , Kamp Leon P. J. , Armenio Vincenzo , Clercx Herman J. H. , Duran-Matute Matias
Published: December 2019

One-dimensional models of exchange flows driven by horizontal density gradients are well known for performing poorly in situations with weak turbulent mixing. The main issue with these models is that the horizontal density gradient is usually imposed as a constant, leading to non-physically high stratification known as runaway stratification. Here, we propose two new parametrizations of the horizontal density gradient leading to one-dimensional models able to tackle strongly stratified exchange flows at high and low Schmidt number values. The models are extensively tested against results from laminar two-dimensional simulations and are shown to outperform the models using the classical constant parametrization for the horizontal density gradients. Four different flow regimes are found by exploring the parameter space defined by the gravitational Reynolds number Reg, the Schmidt number Sc, and the aspect ratio of the channel Γ. For small values of RegΓ, when diffusion dominates, all models perform well. However, as RegΓ increases, two clearly distinct regimes emerge depending on the Sc value, with an equally clear distinction of the performance of the one-dimensional models.
The importance of wind forcing in fjord wave modelling
Authors: Christakos Konstantinos , Furevik Birgitte R. , Aarnes Ole Johan , Breivik Øyvind , Tuomi Laura , Byrkjedal Øyvind
Published: December 2019

Accurate predictions of surface ocean waves in coastal areas are important for a number of marine activities. In complex coastlines with islands and fjords, the quality of wind forcing significantly affects the results. We investigate the role of wind forcing on wave conditions in a fjord system partly exposed to open sea. For this reason, we implemented the wave model SWAN at the west coast of Norway using four different wind forcing. Wind and wave estimates were compared with observations from five measurement sites. The best results in terms of significant wave height are found at the sites exposed to offshore conditions using a wind input that is biased slightly high compared with the buoy observations. Positively biased wind input, on the other hand, leads to significant overestimation of significant wave height in more sheltered locations. The model also shows a poorer performance for mean wave period in these locations. Statistical results are supported by two case studies which also illustrate the effect of high spatial resolution in wind forcing. Detailed wind forcing is necessary in order to obtain a realistic wind field in complex fjord terrain, but wind channelling and lee effects may have unpredictable effects on the wave simulations. Pure wave propagation (no wind forcing) is not able to reproduce the highest significant wave height in any of the locations.
Smartphone ophthalmoscopy: patient and student practitioner perceptions
Authors: Nagra Manbir , Huntjens Byki
Published: December 2019

It can take several years to become proficient at direct ophthalmoscopy; the instrument’s single eyepiece allows only one individual to view the image at a time, which is considered disadvantageous during teaching. The introduction of smartphone ophthalmoscopes enables groups of teachers and students to view images together which could encourage peer-to-peer learning. In addition, the technology is significantly cheaper than the direct ophthalmoscope. User acceptability and engagement is essential to the success of any (medical) technological innovation. We sought to understand student opinions of a new commercially-available smartphone device for fundus examination, and compare usability to the traditional ophthalmoscope, from the perspective of both student practitioners and patients. Fifty-four undergraduate optometry students with prior experience of the traditional direct ophthalmoscope were asked to examine at least one eye with the D-EYE smartphone ophthalmoscope and also given an opportunity to experience the D-EYE from a patient’s perspective. Minimal instructions were provided and all examinations conducted through undilated pupils. Participants completed an opinion survey to feedback on aspects such as the ease of handling and working distance. Compared to the direct ophthalmoscope, 92% of students preferred the (longer) working distance of the D-EYE; 77% felt it was easier to handle; and 92% preferred the patient experience with the D-EYE. Despite the positive feedback, only 43% of students preferred the D-EYE when assuming the role of the practitioner. Free text responses indicated that students felt the D-EYE may be most useful as a teaching tool. Student opinions indicated that smartphone ophthalmoscopes are an effective training tool for students as an accompaniment to learning the traditional ophthalmoscope method.
Sol–gel alumina coating on quartz substrate for environmental protection
Authors: Bouzbib Mohammed , Pogonyi Andrea , Kolonits Tamás , Vida Ádám , Dankházi Zoltán , Sinkó Katalin
Published: December 2019

Transparent γ-Al2O3 thin film can be utilized as an absorbent or protective layer in environmental protection. The aim of the present research work is to improve the structural and optical properties of γ-Al2O3 thin film. Al2O3 thin films were synthesized by various newly developed routes based on colloidal technique and sol–gel chemistry. Many types of starting materials (Al acetate, nitrate, isopropoxide, boehmite, and Al2O3 powders) and additives (acetic acid, HCl, HNO3, citric acid) were used in the experiments. Suspension and gel-like precursor systems were compared for layer creation. The layers were characterized by their morphology (GIXRD), surface and thickness (SEM), as well as transparency (UV–visible spectroscopy). The best quality of layer (∼90% transmittance, 50–60 nm thickness, perfect covering) has been obtained by sol–gel technique starting from Al nitrate or Al acetate.
A clinical perspective of parathyroid hormone related hypercalcaemia
Authors: Han Chau H. , Fry Christopher H. , Sharma Pankaj , Han Thang S.
Published: December 2019

There are many causes of hypercalcaemia including hyperparathyroidism, drugs, granulomatous disorders and malignancy. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) related hypercalcaemia is most commonly caused by primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and more rarely by familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH). Algorithms for diagnosis of PTH related hypercalcaemia require assessment of a 24-h urinary calcium and creatinine excretion to calculate calcium/creatinine clearance ratio and radiological investigations including ultrasound scan and99mTc-sestamibi-SPECT/CT. To illustrate investigations and management of parathyroid-related hypercalcaemia, we present a selection of distinct cases of PHPT due to eutopic and ectopic parathyroid adenomas, as well as a case with a syndromic form of PHPT (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1), and a case with FHH type 1 due to aCASRinactivating mutation. Additional cases with normocalcaemic hyperparathyroidism and secondary hyperparathyroidism are included for completeness of differential diagnosis. The common eutopic parathyroid adenomas are easily treated with parathyroidectomy while the less common ectopic parathyroid adenomas require more complex investigations and operative procedures such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. On the other hand, the much less common FHH does not require treatment. Assessment of kin with FHH is important to identify members with this inherited condition in order to prevent unnecessary interventions.
Common and distinct variation in data fusion of designed experimental data
Authors: Alinaghi Masoumeh , Bertram Hanne Christine , Brunse Anders , Smilde Age K. , Westerhuis Johan A.
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Integrative analysis of multiple data sets can provide complementary information about the studied biological system. However, data fusion of multiple biological data sets can be complicated as data sets might contain different sources of variation due to underlying experimental factors. Therefore, taking the experimental design of data sets into account could be of importance in data fusion concept.

Objectives

In the present work, we aim to incorporate the experimental design information in the integrative analysis of multiple designed data sets.

Methods

Here we describe penalized exponential ANOVA simultaneous component analysis (PE-ASCA), a new method for integrative analysis of data sets from multiple compartments or analytical platforms with the same underlying experimental design.

Results

Using two simulated cases, the result of simultaneous component analysis (SCA), penalized exponential simultaneous component analysis (P-ESCA) and ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) are compared with the proposed method. Furthermore, real metabolomics data obtained from NMR analysis of two different brains tissues (hypothalamus and midbrain) from the same piglets with an underlying experimental design is investigated by PE-ASCA.

Conclusions

This method provides an improved understanding of the common and distinct variation in response to different experimental factors.
Trait Emotional Intelligence and Internet Gaming Disorder Among Gamers: The Mediating Role of Online Gaming Motives and Moderating Role of Age Groups
Authors: Kircaburun Kagan , Demetrovics Zsolt , Griffiths Mark D. , Király Orsolya , Kun Bernadette , Tosuntaş Şule Betül
Published: December 2019

Personality differences are important determinants of problematic online behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of loneliness, depression, and online gaming motives and moderating role of age on the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (EI) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) via the construction of a multiple mediation model. A total of 478 online gamers completed a self-report online survey, including validated psychometric scales assessing the aforementioned constructs. Results indicated that trait EI was directly and indirectly associated with IGD and that the motive of escape was a partial mediator between trait EI and IGD among the total sample and adult gamers, but not among adolescents. Moreover, trait EI was associated with coping, skill development, fantasy, and recreation gaming motives only among total sample and adult gamers, and the escape motive was positively associated with IGD among total sample and adult gamers. However, among these relationships, only the association between trait EI and fantasy was significantly moderated by age group. Furthermore, the direct effect of trait EI was stronger among adolescent gamers when compared to adult gamers. Results showed that trait EI is inversely associated with IGD and affects gaming for different motives among adolescent and adult gamers.
Doing inclusive research: Möglichkeiten und Begrenzungen gemeinsamer Forschungspraxis
Authors: Kremsner Gertraud , Proyer Michelle
Published: December 2019

Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der historischen Genese inklusiver Forschungspraxis aus Anteilen der Aktionsforschung, emanzipatorischen und partizipativen Forschung. Aktuelle Entwicklungen, Möglichkeitsräume und Herausforderungen im Kontext der Anwendungspraxis mit besonderer Bezugnahme auf machttheoretische Überlegungen werden anhand von zwei konkreten Beispielen erläutert und kritisch diskutiert: eines widmet sich der Arbeit mit der „klassischen“ Zielgruppe von inklusiver Forschung, Menschen mit *Lernschwierigkeiten, während das zweite eine andere Personengruppe ins Zentrum der Forschung und Mitwirkung stellt: Lehrkräfte mit Fluchthintergrund. Die referierten Risiken und Barrieren beziehen sich auf die Identifikation und Auswahl von Co-Forschenden, auf die dem Forschungsansatz inhärenten Rollen und daraus resultierenden Rollenkonflikten im Kontext der vorgestellten Projekte sowie auf Herausforderungen in der inklusiv gestalteten Dissemination von Forschungsergebnissen.
Editorial
Authors: Barrett Steve
Published: December 2019

Mobility – on land, on the water, and in the air – offers a prime opportunity for fuel cell and hydrogen energy technologies, as we report in numerous items here.
High-power inductive electric propulsion operation with alternative propellants
Authors: Chadwick A. R. , Dally B. , Herdrich G. , Kim M.
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the results of an experimental campaign to measure thruster-relevant parameters for a high-power (180kW) inductive propulsion system utilising Ar,
$ {\textrm{O}}_{2}$
,
$ \textrm{N}_{2}$
, and
$ \textrm{CO}_{2}$
as propellants. Results from the investigation show that inductive thrusters can make use of these propellants without the severe degradation seen in other electric propulsion systems. Furthermore, the collection of experimental data at powers greater than 100kW provides a reference of performance for the high-power electric propulsion devices intended for missions in the near future. Thrust and specific impulse in inductive systems can be improved by preferentially combining the chemical properties of atomic and molecular propellants. The maximum thrust recorded during these experiments was 7.9N, obtained using a combination of argon and oxygen (0.68 Ar + 0.32
$\textrm{O}_{2}$
). The combination of argon and molecular propellants also decreased thermal losses within the discharge volume. Specific impulse can be doubled for the same input electric power by combining propellants, and future modifications to the thruster geometry and acceleration mechanism can be used to further improve the performance of such systems.
Breathing Life into the Union’s Common Values: On the Judicial Application of Article 2 TEU in the EU Value Crisis
Authors: Spieker Luke Dimitrios
Published: December 2019

The EU faces one of the deepest crises since its formation. A dangerous rule of law backsliding in several Member States undermines the Union’s common values and puts Europe to the test. This raises the question of how to substantially address violations of EU values in judicial proceedings before the Court of Justice. Unfortunately, relying on fundamental freedoms, EU secondary legislation and even the Charter will not help much to resolve this value crisis. This Article takes a different path and calls for engaging with Article 2 TEU itself. Yet this proposal rests on a crucial premise: The judicial applicability of the values enshrined in Article 2 TEU. Based on recent jurisprudential developments, this Article will elaborate a framework for the operationalization of Article 2 TEU values and demonstrate how their judicial applicability can be construed. The judgments of Associação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses, Minister for Justice and Equality (“L.M.”) and Commission v. Poland will be at the heart of this proposal.
Simulation of Wire Bonding Process Using Explicit Fem with Ale Remeshing Technology
Authors: Yang C. C. , Su Y. F. , Liang Steven Y. , Chiang K. N.
Published: December 2019

Thermosonic wire bonding is a common fabrication process for connecting devices in electronic packaging. However, when the free air ball (FAB) is compressed onto the I/O pad of the chip during bonding procedure, chip cracking may occur if the contact pressure is too large. This study proposes an effective simulation technique that can predict the wire ball geometry after bonding in an accurate range. The contact force obtained in the simulation can be used for possible die cracking behavior evaluation. The simulation in this study used the explicit time integration scheme to deal with the time marching problem, and the second-order precision arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) algorithm was used to deal with the large deformation of the wire ball during the bonding process. In addition, the equilibrium smoothing algorithm in LS-DYNA can make the contact behavior and geometry of the bonding wire almost the same as the experiment, which can also significantly reduce the distortion of the mesh geometry after remeshing.
Nature and origin of the volcanic ash beds near the Permian–Triassic boundary in South China: new data and their geological implications
Authors: Zheng Binsong , Mou Chuanlong , Zhou Renjie , Wang Xiuping , Xiao Zhaohui , Chen Yao
Published: December 2019

Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) volcanic ash beds are widely distributed in South China and were proposed to have a connection with the PTB mass extinction and the assemblage of Pangea. However, their source and tectonic affinity have been highly debated. We present zircon U–Pb ages, trace-element and Hf isotopic data on three new-found PTB volcanic ash beds in the western Hubei area, South China. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb dating of zircons yields ages of 252.2 ± 3.6 Ma, 251.6 ± 4.9 Ma and 250.4 ± 2.4 Ma for these three volcanic ash beds. Zircons of age c. 240–270 Ma zircons have negative εHf(t) values (–18.17 to –3.91) and Mesoproterozoic–Palaeoproterozoic two-stage Hf model ages (THf2) (1.33–2.23 Ga). Integrated with other PTB ash beds in South China, zircon trace-element signatures and Hf isotopes indicate that they were likely sourced from intermediate to felsic volcanic centres along the Simao–Indochina convergent continental margin. The Qinling convergent continental margin might be another possible source but needs further investigation. Our data support the model that strong convergent margin volcanism took place around South China during late Permian – Early Triassic time, especially in the Simao–Indochina active continental margin and possibly the Qinling active continental margin. These volcanisms overlap temporally with the PTB biocrisis triggered by the Siberian Large Igneous Province. In addition, our data argue that the South China Craton and the Simao–Indochina block had not been amalgamated with the main body of Pangea by late Permian – Early Triassic time.
Sensitivity of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) to heat stress
Authors: Choudhary Bishwa Bhaskar , Sirohi Smita
Published: December 2019

Based on ten years of data (2001–10), consisting of 12 673 observations on fortnightly milk yield of buffaloes reared in a dairy farm located in the Northern sub-tropics (29°41′0″N, 76°59′0″E), the present study establishes the relationship between weather conditions and production performance of lactating buffaloes. The critical threshold level of maximum temperature-humidity index (THI) was estimated to be 74, which is higher than that of crossbred cows. The duration of discomfort period for buffaloes begins in mid-March and lasts up to early November. During the aggravated stress condition (THI > 82) prevailing in the region for about 5 months starting from early May, milk productivity declines by more than 1% per unit increase in maximum THI over 82. The maximum temperature and minimum humidity (viz. maximum THI) are the most critical weather parameters causing thermal stress in animals, however, the climatic conditions in the region are such that not only maximum but also minimum THI crosses the critical threshold providing little relief to the animals during the night.
Looking for Lazarus: Assigning Meaning to the Poor Man in Luke 16.19–31
Authors: Bredenhof Reuben
Published: December 2019

The enigmatic name of the poor man in Luke 16.19–31 has invited diverse interpretations of its significance for the parable's meaning. After sketching the character and function of the poor man, this study evaluates several such interpretations, both ancient and contemporary. It then argues for a narrative-critical reading of Lazarus’ name that is congruent with Luke's putative purpose in including this parable in his narrative of Jesus’ ministry, where the poor are afforded honour and the rich are exhorted to respond to the material needs of their neighbours.
‘The Speech of the Dead’: Identifying the No Longer and Now Living ‘I’ of Galatians 2.20
Authors: Linebaugh Jonathan A.
Published: December 2019

Paul's strange confession in Gal 2.19–20 poses a question: is the ‘I’ who was crucified with Christ and no longer lives the same self as the ‘I’ who now lives and in whom Christ lives? To ask this question is to be drawn into conversation with the reception history of Galatians and also to be invited to locate the Pauline ‘I’ in and across the movements from death to life. This article suggests, in dialogue especially with Martin Luther, that for Paul the movement from the state of creation to the state of sin is a movement from life to death; the movement from sin to salvation, conversely, is a movement from death to life. Within or across these ruptures, salvation is as radical as death and resurrection. In this sense, the no longer and now living selves are not identical: the ‘I’isin another as a gift. And yet, the ‘I’ who lives by grace is also the ‘I’ who was, is and will be loved by the ‘Son of God who loved me and gave himself for me.’
Colonies, semi-sovereigns, and great powers: IGO membership debates and the transition of the international system
Authors: Ravndal Ellen J.
Published: December 2019

How did the transition from a world of empire to a global international system organised around the sovereign state play out? This article traces the transition over the past two centuries through an examination of membership debates in two prominent intergovernmental organisations (IGOs). IGOs are sites of contestation that play a role in the constitution of the international system. Discussions within IGOs reflect and shape broader international norms, and are one mechanism through which the international system determines questions of membership and attendant rights and obligations. The article reveals that IGO membership policies during this period reflected different compromises between the three competing principles of great power privilege, the ‘standard of civilisation’, and universal sovereign equality. The article contributes to Global IR as it confirms that non-Western agency was crucial in bringing about this transition. States in Africa, Asia, and Latin America championed the adoption of the sovereignty criterion. In this, paradoxically, one of the core constitutional norms of the ‘European’ international system – the principle of sovereign equality – was realised at the hands of non-European actors.
A reappraisal of the freehold property market in late medieval England
Authors: Bell Adrian R. , Brooks Chris , Killick Helen
Published: December 2019

This article re-examines the late medieval market in freehold land, the extent to which it was governed by market forces as opposed to political or social constraints, and how this contributed to the commercialisation of the late medieval English economy. We employ a valuable new resource for study of this topic in the form of an extensive dataset on late medieval English freehold property transactions. Through analysis of this data, we examine how the level of market activity (the number of sales) and the nature of the properties (the relative proportions of different types of asset) varied across regions and over time. In particular, we consider the impact of exogenous factors and the effects of growing commercialisation. We argue that peaks of activity following periods of crisis (Great Famine and Black Death) indicate that property ownership became open to market speculation. In so doing, we present an important new perspective on the long-term evolution of the medieval English property market.
A multi-objective evolutionary hyper-heuristic algorithm for team-orienteering problem with time windows regarding rescue applications
Authors: Aghdasi Hadi S. , Saeedvand Saeed , Baltes Jacky
Published: December 2019

The team-orienteering problem (TOP) has broad applicability. Examples of possible uses are in factory and automation settings, robot sports teams, and urban search and rescue applications. We chose the rescue domain as a guiding example throughout this paper. Hence, this paper explores a practical variant of TOP with time window (TOPTW) for rescue applications by humanoid robots called TOPTWR. Due to the significant range of algorithm choices and their parameters tuning challenges, the use of hyper-heuristics is recommended. Hyper-heuristics can select, order, or generate different low-level heuristics with different optimization algorithms. In this paper, first, a general multi-objective (MO) solution is defined, with five objectives for TOPTWR. Then a robust and efficient MO and evolutionary hyper-heuristic algorithm for TOPTW based on the humanoid robot’s characteristics in the rescue applications (MOHH-TOPTWR) is proposed. MOHH-TOPTWR includes two MO evolutionary metaheuristics algorithms (MOEAs) known as non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) and MOEA based on decomposition (MOEA/D). In this paper, new benchmark instances are proposed for rescue applications using the existing ones for TOPTW. The experimental results show that MOHH-TOPTWR in both MOEAs can outperform all the state-of-the-art algorithms as well as NSGA-III and MOEA/D MOEAs.
A REVISION OF PTEROSPERMUM (MALVACEAE: DOMBEYOIDEAE) IN MALESIA
Authors: Ganesan S. K. , Middleton D. J. , Wilkie P.
Published: December 2019

The species of the tree genus Pterospermum Schreb. (Malvaceae: Dombeyoideae) in Malesia are revised. Twenty-six species of Pterospermum are recognised, six of which are new (P. aureum S.K.Ganesan, P. borneense S.K.Ganesan, P. glabrum S.K.Ganesan, P. havilandii S.K.Ganesan, P. merrillianum S.K.Ganesan and P. zollingerianum S.K.Ganesan) and one (P. grewiifolium Pierre) that is a new distributional record for Malesia. Identification keys are provided. All names are typified, and detailed descriptions of all species recognised are provided. Information on habitat, uses and conservation status is given for all species.
The replica symmetric phase of random constraint satisfaction problems
Authors: Coja-Oghlan Amin , Kapetanopoulos Tobias , Müller Noela
Published: December 2019

Abstarct

Random constraint satisfaction problems play an important role in computer science and combinatorics. For example, they provide challenging benchmark examples for algorithms, and they have been harnessed in probabilistic constructions of combinatorial structures with peculiar features. In an important contribution (Krzakala et al. 2007, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.), physicists made several predictions on the precise location and nature of phase transitions in random constraint satisfaction problems. Specifically, they predicted that their satisfiability thresholds are quite generally preceded by several other thresholds that have a substantial impact both combinatorially and computationally. These include the condensation phase transition, where long-range correlations between variables emerge, and the reconstruction threshold. In this paper we prove these physics predictions for a broad class of random constraint satisfaction problems. Additionally, we obtain contiguity results that have implications for Bayesian inference tasks, a subject that has received a great deal of interest recently (e.g. Banks et al. 2016, Proc. 29th COLT).
The EU’s FDI Screening Proposal – Can It Really Work?
Authors: Kao Chi-Chung
Published: December 2019

Nowadays China and EU share close investment relations. However, concerns have been raised over FDIs (Foreign Direct Investments) aimed at sensitive sectors, especially those from Chinese state-owned companies. In light of this, the European Commission in late 2017 proposed a FDI Screening Regulation. This proposal contains certain features, including cooperation mechanisms between Member States and the Commission to notify and give comments on FDIs, direct monitoring of FDIs by the Commission on the grounds of Union interests, and the illustration of instances to be considered when screening FDIs. However, the success of this proposal is in doubt. Its fate regarding being adopted as law through the EU’s legislative process is uncertain, due to the Member States’ divided attitude towards FDI screening. Its provision contains a lethal loophole, undermining the cooperation and exchange of information between the Member States and the Commission. The non-binding nature of the opinions and comments addressed to the FDI receiving Member State renders the mechanisms practically unenforceable. To establish an effective FDI screening framework for the EU, this proposal needs to be revised and amended.
Malnutrition in all its forms and socio-economic disparities in children under 5 years of age and women of reproductive age in Peru
Authors: Curi-Quinto Katherine , Ortiz-Panozo Eduardo , López de Romaña Daniel
Published: December 2019

Objective:

To compare the distribution of malnutrition by socio-economic indicators (SEI) in Peruvian children under 5 years and women of reproductive age (WRA).

Design:

We analysed data from the National Demographic and Family Health Survey. WHO criteria were used to define malnutrition indicators (overweight/obesity combined (OW); wasting/underweight; stunting/short stature; anaemia). Linear combination test was used to compare the prevalence of malnutrition by SEI (wealth index as a proxy of socio-economic status (SES); education; ethnicity). Prevalence ratio (PR) was used to describe disparities and associations between malnutrition and SEI.

Setting:

Peru (2015).

Participants:

Children (n 22 833) under 5 years and WRA (n 33 503; 5008 adolescents and 28 495 adults).

Results:

The most prevalent form of malnutrition was anaemia (32·0 %) in children and OW in adolescent and adult WRA (31·3 and 65·1 %, respectively). Adjusted models showed that stunting and anaemia were significantly lower among children with high SES (PR = 0·25, 0·67), high-educated mothers (PR = 0·26, 0·76) and higher in indigenous children (PR = 1·3, 1·2); conversely, OW was higher among those with high SES and high-educated mothers (PR = 1·8, 1·6) compared with their lowest counterparts. In WRA, stunting/short stature was lower among those with high SES, high education and higher in indigenous adult women. OW in adolescents and adults was higher in high SES (PR = 1·4, 1·1), lower in indigenous adult women (PR = 0·84) and lower in high-educated adult women (PR = 0·86).

Conclusions:

In the studied population, the distribution of malnutrition was associated with SEI disparities. Effective policies that integrate actions to overcome the double burden of malnutrition and reduce disparities are needed.
Authoritarianism and Social Policy
Authors: Jordan Bill
Published: December 2019

Authoritarianism seems to be emerging as the default mode of global capitalism. In the absence of reliable economic growth, and with working-class incomes in long-term stagnation, both liberal and social democratic parties have lost support in many countries, and authoritarian regimes have come to power in several. But poor people in the USA, UK and Europe have long experienced coercion, being forced to accept low-paid, insecure work or face benefits sanctions. As a growing proportion of workers have come to rely on supplements such as tax credits, the working class has been divided, and opportunistic authoritarian politicians have mobilised the anxiety and resentment of those on the margins of poverty. This article argues that only an active civil society, with voluntary agencies uncompromised by involvement in coercive policies, along with universal, unconditional Basic Incomes for all citizens, can reverse these trends.
Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research
Authors: Wilson Sylia , Haroian Kevin , Iacono William G. , Krueger Robert F. , Lee James J. , Luciana Monica , Malone Stephen M. , McGue Matt , Roisman Glenn I. , Vrieze Scott
Published: December 2019

The Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research (MCTFR) comprises multiple longitudinal, community-representative investigations of twin and adoptive families that focus on psychological adjustment, personality, cognitive ability and brain function, with a special emphasis on substance use and related psychopathology. The MCTFR includes the Minnesota Twin Registry (MTR), a cohort of twins who have completed assessments in middle and older adulthood; the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS) of twins assessed from childhood and adolescence into middle adulthood; the Enrichment Study (ES) of twins oversampled for high risk for substance-use disorders assessed from childhood into young adulthood; the Adolescent Brain (AdBrain) study, a neuroimaging study of adolescent twins; and the Siblings Interaction and Behavior Study (SIBS), a study of adoptive and nonadoptive families assessed from adolescence into young adulthood. Here we provide a brief overview of key features of these established studies and describe new MCTFR investigations that follow up and expand upon existing studies or recruit and assess new samples, including the MTR Study of Relationships, Personality, and Health (MTR-RPH); the Colorado-Minnesota (COMN) Marijuana Study; the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study; the Colorado Online Twins (CoTwins) study and the Children of Twins (CoT) study.
Calibration of Differential Pressure Gauges Through In Situ Testing
Authors: Doran A.K. , Rapa M. , Laske G. , Babcock J. , McPeak S.
Published: December 2019

Differential pressure gauges (DPGs) are a standard component of modern broadband ocean‐bottom seismometer instruments and have proven useful for observing a wide range of seismic and oceanographic phenomena. However, the response function of the DPG remains poorly known, limiting our ability to recover amplitude and phase information from seafloor pressure signals with high fidelity. The sensitivity and long‐period response are difficult to calibrate in the lab, as they are known to vary with temperature and pressure and perhaps between sensors of the same design. We present the results of a field experiment designed to determine empirical response functions in situ by inducing a pre‐defined pressure offset on a deployed instrument. The results compare favorably with calibrations estimated independently through post‐deployment data analyses. Our study demonstrates that observed response functions can deviate from the nominal response by a factor of two or greater with regards to both the sensitivity and the time constant. Incorporating calibration devices such as those described here into future deployments may prove to be a cost‐effective way to improve the accuracy and utility of differential pressure data.
Discovering Dependencies, Trade‐Offs, and Robustness in Joint Dam Design and Operation: An Ex‐Post Assessment of the Kariba Dam
Authors: Bertoni F. , Castelletti A. , Giuliani M. , Reed P. M.
Published: December 2019

Globally, many countries are actively seeking to maximize the hydropower potential of major river basins, yielding proposals for constructing approximately 3,700 major dams in the near future. At present, economic cost‐benefit analyses are the dominant approach for evaluating candidate dam designs. Yet they typically fail to explore the interdependence of dam design and operation by (i) monetizing and aggregating potentially conflicting and heterogeneous objectives into a single metric and (ii) using predefined operating rules aimed at maximizing specific performance objectives for the dams to be designed. Careful consideration of alternative reservoir operating schemes can help to avoid biases in how optimal dam sizes are identified while also clarifying their capacity to adapt to changing hydroclimatic conditions and human demands. This paper presents an integrated framework to solve coupled dam sizing and operation design problems. The framework combines Multiobjective Robust Decision Making and Evolutionary Multiobjective Direct Policy Search into a novel approach to dam sizing, which internalizes the operation design problem and explicitly considers uncertainty in external drivers. We demonstrate the potential of this integrated dam design framework through an ex‐post design analysis of the Kariba dam in the Zambezi river basin. Our results show that careful exploration of the coupled planning/operation search space yields designs that significantly outperform the existing Kariba system. Moreover, we demonstrate that our framework leads to a significant reduction in capital costs (i.e., smaller reservoir sizes) while simultaneously improving system robustness with respect to changing hydroclimatology and human irrigation demands.
Mean European Carbon Sink Over 2010–2015 Estimated by Simultaneous Assimilation of Atmospheric CO2, Soil Moisture, and Vegetation Optical Depth
Authors: Scholze M. , Kaminski T. , Knorr W. , Voßbeck M. , Wu M. , Ferrazzoli P. , Kerr Y. , Mialon A. , Richaume P. , Rodríguez-Fernández N. , Vittucci C. , Wigneron J.‐P. , Mecklenburg S. , Drusch M.
Published: December 2019

The northern land biosphere is believed to be the main global sink of CO2, but the contribution of Europe is uncertain. While bottom‐up estimates and inverse atmospheric transport studies based on atmospheric CO2 observed in situ or from space by OCO‐2 point to a moderate rate of uptake, some other inversions based on remotely sensed atmospheric CO2 from GOSAT/SCIAMACHY and biomass estimates from passive microwave satellite data point to a large sink of around 1 Gt C/yr. We present results from combining both approaches in a data assimilation framework, inverting a biosphere model against in situ atmospheric CO2 and passive microwave measurements. When assimilating all observations, we estimate a European carbon sink of 0.303 ± 0.083 Gt C/yr for 2010–2015. The result agrees with other bottom‐up studies and atmospheric inversions using in situ CO2 or OCO‐2 observations pointing to potential data problems when using observations from GOSAT or SCIAMACHY to estimate the European CO2 sink.