bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulating Future Flows and Salinity Intrusion Using Combined One- and Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Modelling—The Case of Hau River, Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Tran Anh Duong , Hoang Long Phi , Bui Minh Duc , Rutschmann Peter
Published: July 2018

Salinity intrusion in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) has been exacerbated significantly in recent years by the changing upstream inflows, sea level rise resulting from climate change, and socioeconomic development activities. Despite significant damage to agricultural production and freshwater supplies, quantitative assessments of future flows and salinization remain limited due to lack of observation data and modelling tools to represent a highly complex hydraulic network. In this study, we combine 1D-MIKE 11 and 2D-MIKE 21 hydrodynamic models to simulate future flows, water level and salinity intrusion in the Hau River—one main river branch in the Mekong Delta. Future hydrological changes are simulated under multiple scenarios of upstream inflow changes, climate change and sea level rise for the 2036–2065 period. We first use the 1D-MIKE 11 to simulate the flow regime throughout the whole VMD using upstream discharges, outlet water levels and rainfall data as boundary conditions. Output from this step is then used to force the 2D-MIKE 21 model to estimate flow velocity, water level and salinity concentration in the Hau River, focusing on the salinization-prone section between Can Tho, Dinh An, and Tran De estuaries. Simulation results show that salinization will increase substantially, characterized by (1) higher salinity intrusion length under spring tide from 6.78% to 7.97%, and 8.62% to 10.89% under neap tide; and (2) progression of the salinity isohalines towards the upper Mekong Delta, from 3.29 km to 3.92 km for 1 practical salinity unit (PSU) under spring tide, and 4.36 km to 4.65 km for 1 PSU concentration under neap tide. Additionally, we found that salinity intrusion will make it more difficult to re-establish the freshwater condition in the estuary in the future. In particular, the flushing time required to replace saltwater with freshwater at the estuaries tends to increase to between 7.27 h for maximum discharge of 4500 m3/s and 58.95 h for discharge of 400 m3/s under the most extreme scenario. Increasing salinization along the Hau River will have important consequences for crop production, freshwater supplies and freshwater ecosystems, therefore requiring timely adaptation responses.
Evaluating the Effects of Watershed Size on SWAT Calibration
Authors: Wallace Carlington W. , Flanagan Dennis C. , Engel Bernard A.
Published: July 2018

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been calibrated in many watersheds of various sizes and physiographic features. However, it is still unclear whether SWAT calibration parameters will produce satisfactory results if they are implemented in watersheds of different sizes. Evaluating the transferability of SWAT calibration parameters between watersheds of different sizes will provide insight into whether it is acceptable to calibrate SWAT in one watershed and apply the optimized parameters in different size watersheds by assuming both watersheds have similar physiographic properties. This study investigated the influence of watershed size on the SWAT model calibration parameters transferability between four watersheds (CCW = 680 km2, F34 = 183 km2, AXL = 42 km2, and ALG = 20 km2) located in Northeastern Indiana. The results show that calibrating SWAT at one size and applying the optimized parameters at different watershed sizes of similar physiographic features provided satisfactory simulation results. The size watershed at which SWAT was calibrated had little effect on streamflow predictions. Soluble nitrogen loss estimates were improved when calibration was performed at the larger CCW watershed while calibrating SWAT at the smaller AXL and ALG watersheds produced improved statistical indicator values (NSE, R2, and PBIAS) for soluble P and total P when applied to the larger CCW and F34 watersheds.
WASP-104b is Darker Than Charcoal
Authors: Močnik T. , Hellier C. , Southworth J.
Published: July 2018

By analyzing the K2 short-cadence data from Campaign 14, we detect phase-curve modulation in the light curve of the hot-Jupiter host star WASP-104. The ellipsoidal modulation is detected with high significance and in agreement with theoretical expectations, while Doppler beaming and reflection modulations are detected tentatively. We show that the visual geometric albedo is lower than 0.03 at 95% confidence, making it one of the least-reflective planets found to date. The light curve also exhibits a rotational modulation, implying a stellar rotational period likely to be near 23 or 46 days. In addition, we refine the system parameters and place tight upper limits for transit timing and duration variations, starspot occultation events, and additional transiting planets.
Dense Gas Kinematics and a Narrow Filament in the Orion A OMC1 Region Using NH3
Authors: Monsch Kristina , Pineda Jaime E. , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Zucker Catherine , Chen Hope How-Huan , Pattle Kate , Offner Stella S. R. , Di Francesco James , Ginsburg Adam , Ercolano Barbara , Arce Héctor G. , Friesen Rachel , Kirk Helen , Caselli Paola , Goodman Alyssa A.
Published: July 2018

We present combined observations of the

(J, K) = (1, 1) and (2, 2) inversion transitions toward OMC1 in Orion A obtained by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the 100 m Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope. With an angular resolution of 6″ (0.01 pc), these observations reveal with unprecedented detail the complex filamentary structure extending north of the active Orion BN/KL region in a field covering ∼6′ × 7′. We find a 0.012 pc wide filament within OMC1, with an aspect ratio of ∼37:1, that was missed in previous studies. Its orientation is directly compared to the relative orientation of the magnetic field from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope BISTRO survey in Orion A. We find a small deviation of ∼11° between the mean orientation of the filament and the magnetic field, suggesting that they are almost parallel to one another. The filament’s column density is estimated to be 2–3 orders of magnitude larger than the filaments studied with Herschel and is possibly self-gravitating, given the low values of turbulence found. We further produce maps of the gas kinematics by forward modeling the hyperfine structure of the

(J, K) = (1, 1) and (2, 2) lines. The resulting distribution of velocity dispersions peaks at ∼0.5 km s−1, close to the subsonic regime of the gas. This value is about 0.2 km s−1 smaller than previously measured in single-dish observations of the same region, suggesting that higher angular and spectral resolution observations will identify even lower velocity dispersions that might reach the subsonic turbulence regime in dense gas filaments.
Justice sociale : Sen contre Hayek face à Rawls. Le libéralisme contractualiste a contrario consolidé
Authors: Gamel Claude
Published: July 2018

Sur la justice sociale, Hayek et Sen font preuve d’une proximité méthodologique inattendue, en se démarquant l’un et l’autre du contractualisme rawlsien [Gamel, 2013]. Ils exploitent aussi des « marqueurs » classiques de la pensée libérale (l’œuvre d’Adam Smith, le rôle du marché, le recours au droit), mais en font des usages différents, voire opposés. Ce second paradoxe met en cause le pragmatisme de leur démarche (« évolutionniste » pour le premier, « comparatiste » pour le second), ce qui consolide a contrario l’approche « contractualiste » non pragmatique de Rawls, socle philosophique d’une « économie de l’égalitarisme libéral ».
La condition d’efficacité de la politique économique dans les synthèses néoclassiques : rigidité des prix ou asymétrie du rapport salarial ?
Authors: Piluso Nicolas
Published: July 2018

L’objet de cet article est de remettre en cause la thèse (très courante dans les manuels de macroéconomie et d’histoire de la pensée économique) selon laquelle la politique économique keynésienne n’est efficace qu’à compter du moment où l’on introduit une rigidité des prix et/ou des salaires dans les modèles de la synthèse néoclassique. Nous examinons les modèles de l’ancienne synthèse et de la nouvelle synthèse pour montrer que c’est plutôt l’asymétrie du rapport salarial qui constitue le fondement de l’efficacité des politiques économiques keynésiennes. Nous testons un modèle alternatif de la nouvelle synthèse pour montrer que l’hypothèse de rigidité des prix n’est pas nécessaire pour l’obtention d’un résultat d’efficacité de la politique de relance.
2. La mondialisation s’est-elle arrêtée après la crise financière ? Chaînes de valeur mondiales et ralentissement du commerce international
Authors: Miroudot Sébastien
Published: July 2018

Sous l’effet du progrès technique et de l’essor des économies d’Asie, les entreprises ont accentué dans les années 1990 la fragmentation de leur processus de production. Des « chaînes de valeur mondiales » sont apparues et ont contribué à la croissance des échanges et de la productivité. Cependant, le phénomène s’est ralenti après la crise financière de 2008-2009 avec le rattrapage de l’économie chinoise, la montée des politiques protectionnistes et de nouvelles mutations technologiques. Ce ralentissement ne signifie pas la fin de la mondialisation mais son entrée dans une nouvelle phase où le commerce jouera peut-être un moindre rôle.
Des carrières sportives à durées limitées. La contamination scolaire des vocations sportives
Authors: Papin Bruno , Viaud Baptiste
Published: July 2018

Cet article présente les résultats d’une enquête menée dans un espace régional des sports d’élite. En prenant le contre-pied des travaux qui portent sur les seuls champions les plus consacrés, cette contribution permet de repenser les mécanismes de production des élites. Le travail de définition des âges d’entrée et de sortie, dans son rapport à l’école, éclaire des logiques irréductibles. Tout l’intérêt consiste alors à comprendre le jeu de négociation et de construction des espérances de vie sportive qui organisent les différents univers de pratiques.
Avoir la vocation
Authors: Lahire Bernard
Published: July 2018

La notion de vocation renvoie à un penchant ou à une disposition qui anime la personne indépendamment de sa volonté, et qui n’est aucunement le produit d’un choix délibéré. L’idée de vocation souligne de même la correspondance parfaite ou l’adéquation totale entre la personne et l’activité, le métier ou la fonction. En s’interrogeant sur les conditions sociales de production d’une correspondance entre le passé incorporé de l’individu, notamment sous la forme de désirs, et l’activité dans laquelle il s’engage, on prend conscience toutefois des difficultés de stabilisation dans le temps, à l’échelle de l’individu comme du groupe, d’un tel sentiment de vocation.
The Spanish Civil War and the Dominican exile in the painting of Vela Zanetti
Authors: Canela-Ruano Antonio J.
Published: July 2018

The Spanish Civil War caused the largest diaspora of contemporary Spain. Within the consequences of this dispersion, this paper proposes to analyze the transformations that took place in the painting of muralist José Vela Zanetti. However, in order to delineate the artist’s progress and the different painting techniques that he assumed in the Dominican Republic, where his mandatory exile took him, it is important to start from the stage that preceded it, both at a personal level and at that of changing contexts. Methodologically, this paper is approached from the viewpoint of social and cultural history, with two basic conceptual pillars: transculturation and cultural transfer. The analysis of numerous sources has allowed us to learn about the multiple influences and feedbacks that occurred from the perspective of the exile and the host country, so as to stimulate debate about the artistic transformations of exiled painters and Dominican artists in 1940’s.
Small State Anti-Fascism: Norway’s Quest to Eliminate the Franco Regime in the Aftermath of World War II
Authors: Øystein Pharo Helge
Published: July 2018

In the early postwar years Norway was among the most active in the campaign against Franco’s Spain, supporting the policy of keeping Spain out of the UN, and pushing for UN members to break off diplomatic relations with Spain. Within a few years the policy of ostracism was seen to fail as it appeared to strengthen rather than weaken the Franco regime. Spain was then gradually allowed into the warmth. Until the early 1950s Norway’s retreat from its 1946 position was very reluctant, and it was in 1949 the last Western European state to accept normalization. Spain retaliated with economic pressures, and by 1951 Norway had relented and joined in the general reestablishment of normal diplomatic relations, and in 1955 accepted the package deal that brought Spain into the UN. The article discusses the foreign policy concerns and the domestic political struggles that explain Norwegian policies, including the veto on Spanish NATO membership that was never given up.
Performance Analysis of Cloud Systems with Load Dependent Virtual Machine Activation and Sleep Modes
Authors: Patra Sudhansu Shekhar , Goswami Veena
Published: July 2018

Due to the advancements in virtualization technology, it is now an up and coming field and has become a more appealing area of internet technology. Since there is a rapid growth for the demand of computational power increases by scientific, business, and web-applications, it leads to the creation of large-scale data centers. These data centers consume enormous amounts of electrical power. In this article, the authors study energy saving methods by consolidation and by switching off those virtual machines which are not in use. According to this policy, c virtual machines continue serving the customer until the number of idle server attains the threshold level d; then d idle servers take synchronous vacation simultaneously, otherwise these servers would begin serving the customers. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model for data center management in particular, to quantify the tradeoff theoretically between the conflicting aims of energy efficiency and QoS.
Justification of e-Governance in Education
Authors: Mahalik Debendra Kumar
Published: July 2018

In the era of the Information Technology-enabled society, heavy investment is not an afterthought of government. As there is a demand from both sides of the government system, i.e. citizenry and the government resulted in an increase of these projects at a rapid pace. On one hand, the government is increasing the investment but the time has come to show the justification of these investments. On the other hand, available literature is limited and hardly any concrete steps have been taken to investigate the justification and return on investment of these projects, as most of the returns are qualitative in nature. So, there is need for investigation into the issue. In this article, an attempt has been made to consolidate available literature, compare and justify using a multiciteria decision making tool, i.e. AHP and finally, a case discussion on e-governance in the education system of India.
An Empirical Study on Adoption of ERP on IT and Non-IT Companies in Odisha
Authors: Patel Monalisha
Published: July 2018

The complex data and information from all sectors are integrated together by the ERP within an organisation. Because of the various kinds of end users, the implementation of the ERP is a complex process to handle. Some of the effects of individual, technological and organisational factors are taken into consideration as in the impact of the usage upon ERP and its effect upon the end user. The results however suggests that the system functionalization supports the organisation in the functioning of the HR practices, training and development, self-dependency of employees (end users) and the compatibility factor of the end users as well. The usage of ERP has no doubt an impact upon human resources functions and operations. Because human resources involve the human capital, therefore the process of human resource management (HRM) is undergoing changes implementing various tools of technology while improving performance. The amalgamation between HRM processes with information technology being termed as electronic human resources management. (E-HRM). So, the phenomenon of E-HRM works to functionalise all operations and activities that the human resource management system dealt with. Both in terms of E-HRM and the virtual human resource management systems do not go with the same interpretations as those streamlined by Lepak and Snell's “The network founded structure built on partnerships and typically framed by networking technologies to support the organisation attain, develop and deploy intellectual capital.” It is not wrong to say that the decentralization of human resource functions is the essence of E-HRM. Those functions typically can be availed through an intranet or other web technology channel. When such facilities are provided within an organisation it helps the managers and employees empower themselves to perform the chosen HR functions themselves, relieving the HR department of those tasks. It is even foreseen that as E-HRM grows and renovates business culture, there would be changes, but the need is to be inculcated to a substantial measure.
Human Detection by Surveillance Camera
Authors: Guezouli Larbi , Boukhetache Hanane , Kebi Imene
Published: July 2018

Security problems and decreasing costs, leads to the rapid development of video surveillance systems. It is necessary to implement analytical tools capable of identifying objects that may appear in the video sequence. The work presented in this article consists of designing a video surveillance system for the automatic detection of humans in a video sequence acquired by a fixed camera. The principle of this work is based on the modeling and subtraction of the background. In order to determine the nature of the objects, the authors make the detection of the contours of the foreground image, then by matching this contour with the images of a base, silhouette images of people in different positions. The acquisition of the frames is carried out in real time, the matching of the images takes a considerable time and this time becomes increasingly longer based on the size of the base. To solve this problem, the authors have used the parallelism.
Formal Modeling and Analysis of Collaborative Humanoid Robotics
Authors: Fu Yujian , Dong Zhijiang , He Xudong
Published: July 2018

A humanoid robot is inherently complex due to the heterogeneity of accessory devices and to the interactions of various interfaces, which will be exponentially increased in multiple robotics collaboration. Therefore, the design and implementation of multiple humanoid robotics (MHRs) remains a very challenging issue. It is known that formal methods provide a rigorous analysis of the complexity in both design of control and implementation of systems. This article presents an agent-based framework of formal modeling on the design of communication and control strategies of a team of autonomous robotics, to attain the specified tasks in a coordinated manner. To ensure a successful collaboration of multiple robotics, this formal agent-based framework captures behaviors in Petri Net models and specifies collaboration operations in four defined operations. To validate the framework, a non-trivial soccer bot set was implemented and simulation results were discussed.
Link Failure Avoidance Mechanism (LFAM) and Route Availability Check Mechanism (RACM)
Authors: Singh Meeta , Kumar Sudeep
Published: July 2018

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a group of self-organised nodes which behaves as a transceiver. The data will pass through intermediate nodes from a source node to the destination node using communication links. The main problem arises if the communication link is broken or going to be broken soon. A new algorithm is proposed that uses a link failure avoidance mechanism (LFAM) and a route availability check mechanism (RACM), for the development of a new secure and efficient AODV routing protocol. The goal of a LFAM mechanism is to locate a new path to the preferred destination when the connection to the next hop is going to be broken and the RACM mechanism is to find an alternate route to the destination.
LTCC-Based Highly Integrated SiPM Module with Integrated Liquid Cooling Channels for High Resolution Molecular Imaging
Authors: Dohle Rainer , Sacco Ilaria , Rittweg Thomas , Friedrich Thomas , Henning Gerold , Goßler Jörg , Fischer Peter
Published: July 2018

We present a very compact hybrid detection module based on an advanced liquid-cooled low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) substrate. The double sided hybrid combines 144 photo detectors and four specialized flip chip readout ASICs (Application specific Integrated Circuits) used for the readout of scintillation crystals with application in time-of-flight positron emission tomography (PET) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). If MRI images and PET images are combined, completely new medical diagnostic and treatment prospects are feasible because the two techniques are complementary and they will offer both anatomical and functional information. One of the biggest challenges is the development of miniaturized detector modules that are highly functional and MRI compatible. Our SiPM (Silicon Photomultiplier) module has an area of 32.8 by 32.0 mm2 and contains 12 × 12 SiPMs in a pitch of 2.5 mm2. The SiPM readout of the 144 channels is performed by four PETA6 ASICs. The LTCC substrate with a 2.1 mm thickness has been manufactured using the most advanced technologies developed at Micro Systems Engineering GmbH To guarantee the manufacturability in serial or mass production, DP951 P2 green tape has been used. For the cooling channels, special technology has been developed by MSE. The liquid cooling channels inside the LTCC substrate provide excellent cooling for the ASICs, the SiPMs, and thermal insulation between ASICs and SiPMs and allow a very compact design of the detector modules, reducing their height by 50% compared with other technical solutions. We can insert a ring of our modules in an existing MR (Magnetic Resonance) scanner. Operating the SiPMs at low temperature improves their performance, reducing the effects of dark count rate and improving image quality. There is no heatsink, heat pipe, or other cooling element attached to the back side of the ASICs. To avoid interference between the PET and MRI system, short signal length is required for minimizing pickup loops and eddy currents. The 12 SiPM arrays with 2 × 6 geometry are wire bonded only at the edges of the SiPMs to the LTCC, enabling the use of nearly the whole detector area for photon detection, which is of paramount importance for excellent image quality. At the opposite side of the substrate, four ASICs with 272 μm bump pitch are flip chip solder assembled to the LTCC substrate including underfilling, and a few SMD (Surface Mount Device) components are mounted. A scintillator crystal array on top of the SiPMs converts gamma rays (511 keV photons produced from positron-electron annihilation) into light. We assume that the LTCC substrates and all components are fully MRI compatible, which is important for the integration of PET with MRI without mutual interference. The paper elucidates the impact of the used technology on the performance of advanced PET/MRI detector modules.
A relict population of Cymbalophora rivularis on the Pollino Massif, southern Italy (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Authors: Greco Silvia , Leonetti Francesco Luigi , Scalercio Stefano
Published: July 2018

The first record for South Italy of Cymbalophora rivularis (Ménétriès, 1832) is reported, until now recorded in Italy only for Central Apennine. Three specimens were collected during August-September 2017, in an Acer spp. forest located on Monte Sparviere, a Site of Community Importance within the Pollino National Park. Furthermore, this species was successfully barcoded for the first time. This finding reinforces the biogeographic importance of Pollino Massif as refuge area for relict populations of several animal and plant species.
New bioethological observations on Brahmaea (Acanthobrahmaea) europaea and its host plants in Special Area of Conservation “Grotticelle di Monticchio” (Basilicata, Southern Italy) (Lepidoptera: Brahmaeidae)
Authors: Spicciarelli Renato
Published: July 2018

Brahmaea (Acanthobrahmaea) europaea Hartig, 1963, is an Italian endemic exhibiting an exceedingly restricted geographic distribution. In 1971, a protected site was established for the species: the Nature Reserve of “Grotticelle” (Basilicata Region). Then, the Reserve area was incorporated into the perimeter of the Special Area of Conservation “Grotticelle di Monticchio”. In 1997, for the first time, a group of B. (A.) europaea caterpillars was found in nature. During research conducted in 2013-2014, an egg cluster of B. europaea was observed for the first time, and other groups of larvae were found inside the Reserve. Additional information was acquired about mobility of the caterpillars during their development. Palatability tests allowed to attest Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa, Ligustrum vulgare and Phyllirea latifolia as food plants of the moth among those present in the Reserve. From spring 2015 to spring 2017 other bioethological observations on B. europaea were conducted, as well as surveys aimed to study the distribution of its host plants in the habitats of SAC “Grotticelle di Monticchio”. During 2016, ten egg clusters and numerous groups of caterpillars have been identified on 12 different trees. In 2017, an egg cluster was observed, and other groups of larvae were found. These finding allowed to observe other details on spawning and behaviour of the caterpillars, until to pupate. In addition, a map of local habitat 91B0 “Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia woods” is also presented.
Flower visitation of Passiflora apetala, P. auriculata and P. holosericea (Passifloraceae) by Pepsis aquila (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Authors: Ramírez-Benavides William , Jansen-Gonzàles Sergio
Published: July 2018

Pepsis aquila (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) is reported as an assiduous flower visitor and possible pollinator of Passiflora apetala, P. auriculata and P. holosericea in Costa Rica. The vertex and scutellum of P. aquila becomes abundantly covered with pollen while collecting the nectar from the cup nectaries of Passiflora. The Passiflora visited by P. aquila share some floral characteristics with previously reported plants pollinated by pompilids in Africa.
Association between periodontal diseases and cardiovascular diseases in Cameroon
Authors: Eno Belinga Lawrence Essama , Bell Ngan Williams , Lemougoum Daniel , Essam Nlo’o Alain Serges Patrick , Bongue Bienvenu , Ngono Annie , Mandengue Samuel Honoré , Sembene Malick
Published: July 2018

To assess the association between periodontal diseases and cardiovascular diseases in dental patients in Cameroon, a prospective observational study was carried out in 3 hospitals in Cameroon from January 2013 to December 2015. Data on general condition, age, gender and lifestyle were collected during medical history taking. The Dutch Periodontal Screening Index assessed periodontal health during oral examination. The Wilcoxon test, the Fisher test and logistic regression analysis were performed. 558 patients (53.9% women) were included in the study. The mean age was 44±13 years (30 to 85). In terms of overall health, 161 (28.9%) had cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and 73 (13.1%) had diabetes. Hypertension accounted for 87.6% of CVD. In terms of periodontal diseases (PD), 431 (77.2%) patients had PD, the break-down by PD was 347 (62.2%) gingivitis and 84 (15%) periodontitis. Statistical associations were found between CVD and gingivitis [OR=4.30 (1.85-10.00), P=0.001], and CVD and periodontitis [OR=2.87 (1.04-7.93); P=0.04].
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in a subset of mothers and their infants receiving antiretroviral treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Soubeiga Serge Theophile , Bazie Bapio Valéry Jean Telesphore Elvira , Compaore Tegwindé Rebeca , Ouattara Abdoul Karim , Zohoncon Théodora Mahoukèdè , Obiri-Yeboah Dorcas , Yonli Albert Théophane , Zongo Arsène , Traore Lassina , Pietra Virginio , Akpona Simon , Diagbouga Serge , Simpore Jacques
Published: July 2018

The emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) is a public health problem that affects women and children. Local data of HIVDR is critical to improving their care and treatment. So, we investigated HIVDR in mothers and infants receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. This study included 50 mothers and 50 infants on ART. CD4 and HIV-1 viral load were determined using FACSCount and Abbott m2000rt respectively. HIVDR was determined in patients with virologic failure using ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System kit on the 3130 Genetic Analyzer. The median age was 37.28 years in mothers and 1.58 year in infants. Sequencing of samples showed subtypes CRF02_AG (55.56%), CRF06_cpx (33.33%) and G (11.11%). M184V was the most frequent and was associated with highlevel resistance to 3TC, FTC, and ABC. Other mutations such as T215F/Y, D67N/E, K70R, and K219Q were associated with intermediate resistance to TDF, AZT, and 3TC. No mutation to LPV/r was detected among mothers and infants. The findings of HIVDR in some mothers and infants suggested the change of treatment for these persons.
Determination of antibacterial activity and metabolite profile of Ruta graveolens against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus
Authors: Salman Hamzah Abdulrahman , Venkatesh Sankarasetty , Senthilkumar Ramasamy , Kumar B. S. Gnanesh , Ali Aamer Mousa
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND: Ruta graveolens is one of the most used phytomedicines. To date, there is no report of determining the bioactivity of R. graveolens against cariogenic causing bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus).

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to determine the antibacterial activity and metabolite profile of R. graveolens against S. mutans and S. sobrinus.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: R. graveolens plant material was collected and processed in the month of February. The plant material was extracted by Soxhlet apparatus using methanol solvent. Two strains of S. mutans and two strains of S. sobrinus were isolated from dental caries-active participants and cultured on mitis salivarius-bacitracin agar. The antibacterial susceptibility testing of methanolic extract of R. graveolens was performed by disc diffusion method. The metabolite profile of the plant extract was determined using electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS: The methanolic extract of R. graveolens showed a promising antibacterial activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Two compounds named γ-fagarine and kokusaginine were identified from the methanolic extract of R. graveolens.

CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that R. graveolens contains significant antibacterial activity. However, further investigations are suggested to understand the anticaries properties of these pure compounds.
Evaluation of antibacterial properties of hydroxyapatite/bioactive glass and fluorapatite/bioactive glass nanocomposite foams as a cellular scaffold of bone tissue
Authors: Seyedmajidi Seyedali , Rajabnia Ramazan , Seyedmajidi Maryam
Published: July 2018

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Infection is a serious problem for patients after implantation surgery, which is difficult to treat with antibiotic therapy. The present study was developed to evaluate and compare the antibacterial properties of hydroxyapatite/bioactive glass (HA/BG) and fluorapatite/bioactive glass (FA/ BG) nanocomposite foams as a cellular scaffold for use in bone defects by two macrodilution and disk diffusion methods.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus mutans were cultured in brain heart infusion broth medium with nanocomposite powder for 5 days, and their bioactivity levels were evaluated by daily culturing on solid agar medium plates. To carry out the disk diffusion test, a disc form of nanocomposite foams was used on agar medium with 48 h incubation.

Results: None of two nanocomposites even at their highest concentration (200 mg/mL) did not prevent the growth of two Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis microorganisms. However, HA/BG nanocomposite on the 3rd day at a concentration of 200 mg/mL and on 4th and 5th day at a concentration of 100 mg/mL and FA/BG nanocomposite on the 4th day at a concentration of 100 mg/mL and on the 5th day at a concentration of 50 mg/mL could be able to kill Streptococcus mutans microorganism. In the disc diffusion test, none of the nanocomposites could create a nongrowth zone. Both tested biomaterials showed increased antibacterial properties over time and concentration increase.

Conclusions: HA/BG and FA/BG nanocomposites, due to their biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties, are good choices for implantation instead of damaged bone tissue in tissue engineering.
$C^m$ Eigenfunctions of Perron–Frobenius operators and a new approach to numerical computation of Hausdorff dimension: applications in $\mathbb R^1$
Authors: Falk Richard S. , Nussbaum Roger D.
Published: July 2018

We develop a new approach to the computation of the Hausdorff dimension of the invariant set of an iterated function system or IFS. In the one dimensional case that we consider here, our methods require only

C^3

regularity of the maps in the IFS. The key idea, which has been known in varying degrees of generality for many years, is to associate to the IFS a parametrized family of positive, linear, Perron–Frobenius operators

L_s

. The operators

L_s

can typically be studied in many different Banach spaces. Here, unlike most of the literature, we study

L_s

in a Banach space of real-valued,

C^k

functions,

k \ge 2

. We note that

L_s

is not compact, but has essential spectral radius

\rho_s

strictly less than the spectral radius

\lambda_s

and possesses a strictly positive

C^k

eigenfunction

v_s

with eigenvalue

\lambda_s

. Under appropriate assumptions on the IFS, the Hausdorff dimension of the invariant set of the IFS is the value

s=s_*

for which

\lambda_s =1

. This eigenvalue problem is then approximated by a collocation method using continuous piecewise linear functions. Using the theory of positive linear operators and explicit a priori bounds on the derivatives of the strictly positive eigenfunction

v_s

, we give rigorous upper and lower bounds for the Hausdorff dimension

s_*

, and these bounds converge to

s_*

as the mesh size approaches zero.
An Intercultural Adaptation of The Sound of Music on a Nigerian Stage
Authors: Ejue Olympus G. , Oshionebo Barth , Ilo Isaiah
Published: July 2018

The objective of this paper is aimed at appraising the value of intercultural theatre and at the same time striving to understand the implications of adapting a classical film to a live theatre performance. It is not an overstatement to say that a film like The Sound of Music with its rich techniques, plot, scenery and directorial approach will not only create audience appeal, but that its immediacy of themes, popularity and box-office success can attract any adaptor. The study which uses literary and artistic methodology observes that the prospect of adapting film to live theatre performance goes beyond interpreting the film as it were, because a lot of artistic manipulations and exploration of new techniques to serve as fecundity for live stage directing will be required. Therefore, through a stylized approach aimed at creating originality, theatricality and style with respect of verisimilitude, the adaptor director created on stage sheer theatrical brilliance, beauty, excitement and theatrical imagination. The performance suggests that the process of transcreation without tempering with the spine or thematic preoccupation of the film is simply of style of crossing borders of culture, language, continents and genre. The live theatre director makes a theatrical entity of the entire production with an intuitive perspective to foster global cultural exchange and interaction. The paper concludes that; using intercultural theatre approach which allows for mixing cultures and subculture in theatrical performance can be in more ways than one promote cultural tolerance and peace.
Climate Destabilization in a Religious World: The Role of Religion in Addressing Climate Change in Nigeria
Authors: Ottuh John Arierhi
Published: July 2018

Human activities on earth either pose threat or safe haven to human environment because such human activities contribute to climate situation. Using the exposition method, the aim of this paper is to explore religion in the prevention of possible environmental disaster and the mitigation of post disaster scenario. Drawing from the 2011/2012 flood disaster in Nigeria, it shows that it was human induced in the sense that it was partly caused by blockage of water channels such as drainages. The paper argues on a general note that weather and environmental scientist set the agenda for environmental prevention through scientific means but religion helps to work on the mind of the stake holders and carry out the campaign of the agenda to their adherents. By so doing, religion is playing its role in environmental protection.Key words: Climate Destabilization, Study of Religion, the Role of Religion, Climate Change, Nigeria
Non-State Security Actors and Rural Community Development in Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
Authors: Wilson Goddey
Published: July 2018

Non-State security actors are organised agitating armed groups that operate in the Niger Delta region as social movements to express their anger, sometimes violently arising from the perceived frustration and marginalisation by the Nigerian State and its agents in the region. They are classified into three groups, the militia groups, the cult groups, and gangs, who operate independently in the region. This research is aimed at identifying the characteristics and activities of the non-state security actors and their impact on development trajectory of their host communities. The study is carried out in the Niger Delta communities within the period of 2000-2017. We adopted frustration-aggression theory as our theoretical framework of analysis. Primary and secondary sources of data were generated, and analysed to achieve the objectives of the study. In our findings, we noted that the non-state security actors have some basic characteristics that are peculiar to them in the region. They aim at demanding for equitable distribution of the State resources for the development of the rural communities in the region. In the process, they carry out several activities to achieve their aim. Regrettably, these activities of the non-state security actors have more negative than positive impact on the rural communities in the region. The study proffered strategies to curb the activities of the non-state security actors to enhance rural community development.Key words: Non-State Security Actors, rural community development, Niger Delta, frustration, aggression
Aproximación a las características hidroquímicas del agua subterránea en Montilla (Córdoba)
Authors: Espejo Alcaide Francisco José
Published: July 2018

El acuífero Fernán Núñez-Montalbán-Montilla está situado en el sur de la provincia de Córdoba y ocu­pa una superficie de 102 km2• Está formado por areniscas, calcarenitas, arenas y conglomerados del Andaluclense-Plloceno. El objetivo de este trabajo es acercarse al conocimiento de la calidad química del agua subterránea en esta zona. El estudlo está basado en los resultados analíticos de un conjunto de muestras de aguas subterráneas (pozos y manantiales) distribuidos por la zona y su relación con las caracteñstlcas hldrogeológlcas locales conocidas. Fueron seleccionados 5 pozos y 9 manantiales para su control analítico durante 2002-2003. A las muestras se les analizó los Iones mayoritarios (Na, K , Mg··, Ca , CI, SO/, CO3H, NO3 ). pH, sólidos disueltos totales, hierro, conductividad y dureza. Fueron calculados los Indices de saturación, actividades y fuerza lónlca de cada punto muestreado. El estado de saturación fue cuantificado utilizando el programa PHREEQC. La Influencia de la tipología edáflco­litlca en las facies hldroquímlcas fue considerada. Las aguas presentan facies bicarbonatadas cálcicas prlnclpalmente. Las zonas evaporíticas locales dan lugar a facies sulfatadas y cloruradas. Las aguas subterráneas mostraron capacidad de disolución de yeso y anhidrita. asi como saturación respecto a calcita en ocasiones puntuales. Los valores de conductividad eléctrica están comprendidos entre 513 y 2130 µS/cm (mineralización notable a fuerte). La contaminación de los acuiferos por nitratos limitan su posible uso como agua de abastecimiento. En general la calidad natural del agua es adecuada para el riego de los cultivos tradlclonales: olivar y viñedo.
Determinants of Senior Tourist Activity in Light of Contemporary Research
Authors: Głąbiński Zbigniew
Published: July 2018

Purpose. The aim is to identify the main determinants of tourist activity among seniors in different countries, on the basis of literature. Method. Study of literature. Findings. Literature analysis has demonstrated that some of the most important factors affecting tourist activity of seniors comprise: age, medical condition, gender, nationality, income level, travel company, education, travel companion and a place of residence. Research limitations and conclusions. The discussion has been based on a selection of literary works available in contemporary Polish and international literature. It should be noted that most of the presented results concern the studies of both one-off and short-term character that relates to specific social and geographical contexts. Accordingly, the presented conclusions are subject to a certain degree of subjectivity resulting from the selection of sources. Practical implications. Recently, there has been a significant increase in interest regarding the issue of senior tourist activity in Poland, especially among representatives of various scientific disciplines. However, the issue of the significance of the elderly to the tourism economy as well as the availability of offers for seniors still requires awareness-raising activities among practitioners. For this reason, the presented overview of conditions concerning the tourism of seniors may contribute to increasing interest in this problem among tourist business representatives and people responsible for tourism policy. Originality. The article presents a condensed overview of selected factors influencing tourist activity among seniors in different countries. Type of paper. Review article.
Conditioning Activity and Tourist Destination of the Chicago Polonia in Light of Literature and Research
Authors: Ziółkowska-Weiss Kamila
Published: July 2018

Purpose. Presentation of activity and the choice regarding tourist destination of the Chicago Polonia. Discussing the determinants of the tourist activity in the light of literature and creating one’s own model of activity and tourist destination for the whole American population. Method. Desk research – studies of foreign and Polish literature. Empirical research concerning tourist activity and the choice of destination by the Chicago Polonia in the form of a survey questionnaire. The research group included 1,014 people divided into 7 age sub-groups. The applied methods and statistical techniques: chi2, degree of freedom (df) and level of statistical significance (alpha). Findings. In all age groups, the factors deciding about tourist activity of the respondents and the choice of tourist destination include: the price, the cost of the trip, in second place – development of tourist facilities and in the third– fashion. The largest barrier in undertaking tourist activity for the Chicago Polonia is lack of free time (37.6%), financial barrier (31.4%) and occupational work (17.4%). Individuals who form a single-person household do not travel more often than those who run multi-person households. Research limitations and conclusions. The empirical research included only American Poles living in the Great Chicago Metropolitan Area and not the whole population of American Poles. Practical implications. The research presents the level and nature of participation in tourism of the Chicago Polonia as well as characteristics of seven factors which mutually interact and influence activity and tourist destination of them. Originality. There is a large research group. Creating one’s own model of tourist activity including internal (demographic, social, cultural, economic) and external factors (geographical, political and legal , organization of tourism). Type of paper. The article presents the results of empirical research and contains a review nature of the tourist activity models known in the subject literature.
TOURISM AS A NEW FORM OF LEISURE IN LIGHT OF ”WĘDROWIEC” [“THE WANDERER”] WEEKLY MAGAZINE (1863-1906)
Authors: Cybula Iwona
Published: July 2018

Purpose. This issue attempts to identify “Wędrowiec” [The Wanderer] as a source of knowledge about the history of tourism and to define the editorial team’s approach to this subject. Method. The study covers the information related to tourism in general, its types and development, and promotion among the Polish society published in “Wędrowiec” [The Wanderer] for 44 years when the magazine was being published, i.e. from 1863 until 1906. 2,289 issues of the magazine were published. Historical methodology has been applied. Findings. Analysis of the material led to the conclusion that “Wędrowiec” [The Wanderer] proved to be an appreciated and involved witness of the emergence and development of tourism. For 44 years, the subject was handled with varying levels of intensity. Nevertheless, the publications helped restore the picture of the conditions and problems faced by the tourism of those days. Research limitations and conclusions. Conclusions were based on analysis of the collected source material. An interesting complement would be to compare the collected material with the remaining contents of the magazine (as indicated in the article, topics related to tourism are just a small part of the issues presented in “Wędrowiec” [The Wanderer]). Practical implications. Conclusions from analysis of the collected material are very important for the existing knowledge about the history of tourism in the latter part of the second half of the 19th and early beginnings of the 20th century. Originality. Approaching the subject from the perspective of a specialist magazine and analysis of the collected material included in “Wędrowiec” [The Wanderer] that has not been analysed within the context of the influence it could have on the development and promotion of tourism among the Polish society in the second half of the 19th and the early part of the 20th century. Type of paper. Monographic article.
Among Lovers
Authors: Schoonheim Liesbeth ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2018

Both love and politics name relations, according to Arendt, in which a subject is constituted as a unique person. Following up on this suggestion, I explore how love gives rise to a conception of personhood that temporarily suspends the public judgments and social prejudices that reduce the other to their actions or to their social identity. I do so by tracing a similar movement in the various tropes of Arendt’s phenomenology of love: the retreat away from the collective world into the intimacy of love, followed by the necessary return to the world and the end of love. This exploration casts a new—and surprisingly positive—light on some key notions in Arendt’s thought, such as the body, the will, and life. However, Arendt disregards that love, as De Beauvoir argued, requires a constant effort in restraining our tendency to reduce the lover to their social identity.