bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expectations of the Educational Reform of High School Geography
Authors: Vladeva Rositsa
Published: February 2017

The study is an attempt to present the latest developments in legislation for implementation of the reform in geographic education in secondary school. Through conducted survey has been taken into account the views and expectations of teachers of Geography and Economics in terms of the new law, a framework curriculum, State educational standards and curricula. Expectations of educational reform are formulated as positive and negative sides. Referred to a recommendation for overcoming some of the problems were identified.
Climate Change, Risks and Natural Resources didactic issues of educational content geography of Bulgaria and the world in 9th and 10th grade
Authors: Dermendzhieva Stela , Nejdet Semra
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this paper is to follow “Climate change, risks and Natural Resources“ in the curriculum of Geography of Bulgaria and the world in 9th and 10th grade and to interpret some didactic aspects.

Analysis of key themes, concepts and categories related to the environment, events and approaches to environmental protection and the environmentally sound development of sectors of the economy is didikticheski targeted. Considering the emergence and development of geo-ecological issues, their scope and their importance to the environment, systematize some species and some approaches to solving them.

Geography education in grade 9 and 10 involves acquiring knowledge, developing skills and composing behaviors of objective perception and assessment of the reality of globed, regional and local aspect.

The emerging consumer and individualistic culture snowballing globalization, are increasingly occurring global warming, declining biodiversity form new realities which education must respond appropriately.

The objective, consistency, accessibility and relevance in real terms are meaningful, logical accents. Whether and how reproduced in the study of Geography of Bulgaria and the world is the subject of research study in this report.

Geoecological structuring of topics, concepts and categories can be done in different signs. In terms of their scope are local, national or regional, and global. Matter and interdisciplinary approach, which is to reveal the unity of the “man-society-nature” to clarify the complexity of their character with a view to forming a harmonious personality with high Geoecological consciousness and culture, and the activities carried out in their study.
Regionality – Language – Internet
Authors: Pásztor-Kicsi Mária
Published: February 2017

The Internet has a strong influence on our daily communication and language use. Its continuous growing makes us face the world characterized by networks of connections that span multi-continental distances. The metaphor of global village seems to be not merely a futuristic theory, but pure reality. People can communicate worldwide with each other, reach all kinds of information to get up-to-date, as long as they respect the basic demand of globalization, which means the use of a common language (i.e. English). But this tendency hides a serious issue if we try to observe globalization from the aspect of local and regional cultures and languages, especially those in minority position. The study deals with the language use of the Hungarian minority in Vojvodina, with special focus on Netspeak and the regional features of language forms used on the Internet. It also analyses the attitudes of a group of students towards the influence of the Internet on speech and language. This part of the survey is based on questionnaires.
Pseudo-realia in the Romanian Translations of Various Hungarian Institutions and in the Hungarian Translations of Romanian Public Administration Terms
Authors: Zopus Andras
Published: February 2017

My presentation addresses an issue translators of Romanian–Hungarian legal and economic texts encounter almost day by day. Each field of translation is special in its kind, but translating legal/economic texts requires an especially accurate knowledge of the acts, laws, and concepts of both the source and target language since this is essential for the translated text to be really a quality, professional, and – last but not least – an intelligible one to the target-language audience, i.e. the customers.
An Evergreen Challenge for Translators – The Translation of Idioms
Authors: Kovács Gabriella
Published: February 2017

Translating idioms has always been a challenging decision-making process for translators mainly because not all idioms have direct equivalents in the target language. Translators usually and ideally have a solid knowledge of the target language and its cultural aspects, but even so they cannot match the ability of a native speaker in deciding when – i.e. in what context and text type – an idiom would or would not be appropriate. This study aims to explore the main characteristics of idioms and the difficulties which might occur when translating them. A needs analysis will also be presented, where the various solutions which a group of translator trainees chose while translating certain idioms from the novel “A Game of Thrones” by George R. R. Martin into Hungarian are examined. Their strategies and the appropriateness of their choices are analysed and compared with the options of the experienced literary translator (Tamás Pétersz). We consider this an important endeavour because, based on our experience, we believe that the topic of the translation of idioms should be included into the curriculum and appropriate materials and tasks should be designed to develop the translator trainees’ knowledge and skills in this domain. Therefore, the aim of this analysis is to obtain a clearer view of the difficulties they are dealing with and bear them in mind when designing teaching materials for them.
Organized Chaos: Cohesive Devices in Benjy’s Sections of William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury
Authors: Farkas Aliz
Published: February 2017

As the history of criticism on The Sound and the Fury proves it, Benjy’s section is probably the most controversial part of the novel. Some literary critics and writers celebrated it as an excellent piece of literary art, the peak of writerly performance, while others felt confused and irritated over the trials it posed to the reader.

Although critical voices that reproach the writer for the incoherence of Benjy’s narrative may be justified at first sight, a closer inspection reveals that it is much less incoherent than it appears. In my paper, I will argue that there are several ways in which the author helps the reader to construct a more or less coherent story line out of the fragmented events that happened in the course of about thirty years. Secondly, I want to demonstrate that functional-semantic approaches to text analysis, such as Systemic Functional Grammar or Text Linguistics, can be effectively employed in analysing and interpreting literary texts. Finally, I try to find a psychological explanation of how Benjy’s incoherence is made readable by the interworking between the coherence-seeking dispositions of the reader and the ingenious cohesive devices used by the writer.
Die ersten skandinavischen Bibelübersetzungen und ihre soziokulturellen Auswirkungen
Authors: Kelemen Attila
Published: February 2017

The first Scandinavian Bible translations and their socio-cultural impact. The present paper deals with the first complete Bible translations into the Scandinavian languages and with the socio-cultural impact of these. Using the comparative method and making use of the research results of linguistic disciplines like language history and sociolinguistics, but also of other disciplines like history and cultural history, we try the prove that, in spite of the similarities of the Scandinavian languages, the different historical-political circumstances lead to differing evolution of the national languages, and implicitly of the national cultures. In this context, the translation of the Bible into the national languages at different point in time turned out to be decisive.
A Critical Look at the Subjective and Objective Purposes of Contract in Aharon Barak’s Theory of Interpretation
Authors: Mirić Marija Karanikić
Published: February 2017

Sometimes parties to a contract agree on the wording of the contract, but disagree about its meaning. In such cases, the goal of purposive interpretation is to identify a legal meaning, within the limits of the language actually used, which best achieves the purpose of the contract in question. This paper presents the main features of Justice Aharon Barak’s theory of purposive interpretation of contracts, and examines his notions of subjective and objective purposes. Barak’s theory demands, at some point along the process of interpretation, that the judge determine the actual joint intent of the parties, as it was at the time of their entering into the contract, and in the situation where the parties themselves disagree over it. This requires a posterior inquiry into the true state of mind of other persons. The past intentions of others are regarded as historical-subjective psycho-biological facts. The author questions what goes on behind this subjective rhetoric, starting from the presumption that the inner reality of another person’s will, i.e. their past or present intentions, cannot be learned as a physical reality, but only as a socially constructed fact. Furthermore, the author examines the seemingly unwanted merging of Barak’s subjective purpose of contract with his objective purposes of contract at the lower levels of abstraction.
Safety Risks Assessment and Security Evaluation of Manufacturing Entities
Authors: Kováčová Lucia , Lošonczi Peter , Vacková Martina , Nečas Pavel , Reitšpís Josef
Published: February 2017

The article deals with security as a scientific discipline dealing with the assessment of the technical condition of machineries, hazards identification and risks assessment which could lead to fatal consequences. Article highlights the importance of using methods of risk assessment as well as the importance of the security evaluation in manufacturing companies. This article provides an overview of the most widely used risk assessment methods and specifically referred to point method, which is one of the most widely used risk assessment methods.
Manifestation Forms of Intense Muscle Efforts and Factors Influencing the Development of Strength Motor Capacity
Authors: Stănciulescu Robert
Published: February 2017

Physical training, a component of the sports training aims, besides the development of morphological and functional indexes of the body and mastering a rich system of motor skills and capabilities, the development and improvement of the basic motor qualities at high performance parameters. Most motor activities require the endowment of athletes with possibilities to make intensive efforts in a very short period of time. Therefore, the issue that is focusing on the study of this field is very important for achieving the targeted performance.
Optimization of Measurement Points Choice in Preparation of Green Areas Acoustic Map
Authors: Sztubecka Małgorzata , Bujarkiewicz Adam , Sztubecki Jacek
Published: February 2017

The aim of the article is to analyze the selection of measuring points of sustainable sound level in the spa park. A set of points should allow to make on their basis an acoustic climate map for the park at certain times of day by usage available tools. Practical part contains a comparative analysis of developed noise maps, taking into account different variants of the distribution and number of measuring points on the selected area of the park.
Measuring Displacements in Engineering Structures by Means of a Coordinate Laser Station
Authors: Sztubecki Jacek , Bujarkiewicz Adam , Sztubecka Małgorzata
Published: February 2017

The application of geodetic methods to examine structures consists in the determination of their displacements relative to an established geodetic reference datum or in the definition of the geometry of their individual components. Such examinations form a picture of changes happening between specific points in time. Modern measurement technologies used in geodetic engineering enable undertaking more and more challenging measurements with increasing accuracy. The purpose of this article is to present a measurement technique involving a Leica TDRA 6000 total station to measure displacements in engineering structures. The station features a direct drive technology to achieve an accuracy of 0.25 mm in 3-dimensional measurements. Supported by appropriate software, the unit makes a perfect instrument for the monitoring of civil engineering structures. The article presents the results of measurement of static and dynamic displacements in a few engineering structures. The measurements were carried out both in laboratory conditions and on actual, operated civil engineering structures.
Mixed spinel-type Ni-Co-Mn oxides: synthesis, structure and catalytic properties
Authors: Sadovskaya Ekaterina M. , Frolov Dmitry D. , Goncharov Vladimir B. , Fedorova Anna A. , Morozov Igor V. , Klyushin Alexander Yu. , Vinogradov Alexander S. , Smal Ekaterina A. , Sadykov Vladislav A.
Published: February 2017

Mixed spinel-type oxides Co
Adipose-derived stem cells: a review of osteogenesis differentiation
Authors: Skubis Aleksandra , Sikora Bartosz , Zmarzły Nikola , Wojdas Emilia , Mazurek Urszula
Published: February 2017

This review article provides an overview on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for implications in bone tissue regeneration. Firstly this article focuses on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which are object of interest in regenerative medicine. Stem cells have unlimited potential for self-renewal and develop into various cell types. They are used for many therapies such as bone tissue regeneration. Adipose tissue is one of the main sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Regenerative medicine intends to differentiate ADSC along specific lineage pathways to effect repair of damaged or failing organs. For further clinical applications it is necessary to understand mechanisms involved in ADSCs proliferation and differentiation. Second part of manuscript based on osteogenesis differentiation of stem cells. Bones are highly regenerative organs but there are still many problems with therapy of large bone defects. Sometimes there is necessary to make a replacement or expansion new bone tissue. Stem cells might be a good solution for this especially ADSCs which manage differentiate into osteoblast in in vitro and in vivo conditions.
Troodos ophiolite mantle section exposed along Atalante Geo-Trail, Troodos Geopark, Cyprus
Authors: Bukała Michał , Zboińska Katarzyna , Szadkowski Mateusz
Published: February 2017

The following paper presents the field trip through the unique mantle sequence composed of peridotites and exposed along Atalante Geo-Trail in Troodos Geopark, Cyprus. This manuscript briefly summarises data from many papers and presents authors’ own field observations, in order to provide information on evolution of enigmatic Troodos mantle peridotites.
Pollution indicators in groundwater of two agricultural catchments in Lower Silesia (Poland)
Authors: Kasperczyk Lidia , Modelska Magdalena , Staśko Stanisław
Published: February 2017

The article discusses the content and source of mineral nitrogen compounds in groundwater, based on the data collected in two river catchments in two series (spring and autumn 2014). The study area comprises two catchments located in Lower Silesia, Poland - Cicha Woda and Sąsiecznica. Both catchments are characterised agricultural character of development. In the both researched areas, the points of State Environmental Monitoring (SEM) are located but only the Cicha Woda area is classified as nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ). To analyse and compare the contamination of Quaternary and Neogene aquifers, the concentration of nitrates, nitrites, ammonium and potassium ions was measured primarily. Results showed the exceedance of nitrogen mineral forms of shallow groundwater Quaternary aquifer in both basins. The concentration of nitrates range from 0.08 to 142.12 mgNO3 −−/dm3 (Cicha Woda) and from 2.6 to 137.65 mg NO3 −−/dm3 (Sąsiecznica). The major source of pollution is probably the intensive agriculture activity. It causes a degradation of the shallow groundwater because of nitrate, nitrite, potassium, phosphates and ammonium contents. There was no observed contamination of anthropogenic origin in the deeper Neogene aquifer of Cicha Woda catchment.
Aspect of the degradation and adsorption kinetics of atrazine and metolachlor in andisol soil
Authors: Jaikaew P. , Malhat F. , Boulange J. , Watanabe H.
Published: February 2017

The degradation kinetics and sorption characteristics of atrazine and metolachlor in Japanese andisol soil were evaluated using laboratory incubation of soil samples. The water content of the soil was set to field capacity while three different temperatures (5, 25 and 35°C) were considered for the experiment. First order model fitted the degradation kinetics of both herbicides under the investigated temperature range with half-lives ranging from 19.2 to 46.9 days for atrazine and from 23.4 to 66.9 days for metolachlor, respectively. The activation energies (Ea) of atrazine and metolachlor calculated using Arhenius equation were 21.47 and 23.91 kJ mol−1, respectively. The soil sorption study was conducted using the batch equilibrium process. The adsorption behaviors of atrazine and metolachlor were investigated using linear, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms although the linear and Freundlich isotherms gave relatively high correlation coefficient (R2
) and very low standard error of estimate (SEE). The free energy (ΔG°) values were in the range −30.6 to −32.0 kJ/mol, and −32.1 to −41.5 kJ/mol for atrazine and metolachlor, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic accompanied by increase in entropy. The understanding of atrazine and metolachlor sorption processes is essential to determine the pesticide fate and availability in soil for pest control, biodegradation, runoff and leaching.
Rhizobacteria cooperative effect againstMeloidogyne javanicain rhizosphere of legume seedlings
Authors: Tabatabaei F.-S. , Saeedizadeh A.
Published: February 2017

Root-knot nematodes are major pests of legume fields in Iran. This research evaluated the effect ofRhizobium leguminosarumbv.phaseoliandPseudomonas fluorescensCHA0 (stand alone and combination treatment) on galling and reproduction of root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne javanica,in legum (chickpea, bean, lentil, pea) seedling rhizosphere, and the growth properties of the host plants. The legumes seeds were sown in 1kg sterilized sandy loam soil. Inocula were 5 J2/g of soil, in the case of the nematode, while considering the bacteria 1×107cfu/kg soil. A treatment of nematicide (cadusafos) was performed, as a commonly used nematicide in Iran, at 2g/kg soil. Two months after inoculation, the following parameters were recorded: the number of knots, egg masses and reproduction factor of the nematode, bacterial nodules per root, and growth properties of seedlings in the treatments (control, nematode, nematode+nematicide, and nematode+rhizobacteria). The greatest bacterial effect on the control of the nematode was observed in the rhizosphere of the bean treatments. Inoculation withRhizobiumin the soil decreased the galling on the legumes’ roots, and the combined inoculation withPseudomonasandRhizobiumresulted in a higher decrease of the galling.
Comprehensive ripeness-index for prediction of ripening level in mangoes by multivariate modelling of ripening behaviour
Authors: Eyarkai Nambi Vijayaram , Thangavel Kuladaisamy , Manickavasagan Annamalai , Shahir Sultan
Published: February 2017

Prediction of ripeness level in climacteric fruits is essential for post-harvest handling. An index capable of predicting ripening level with minimum inputs would be highly beneficial to the handlers, processors and researchers in fruit industry. A study was conducted with Indian mango cultivars to develop a ripeness index and associated model. Changes in physicochemical, colour and textural properties were measured throughout the ripening period and the period was classified into five stages (unripe, early ripe, partially ripe, ripe and over ripe). Multivariate regression techniques like partial least square regression, principal component regression and multi linear regression were compared and evaluated for its prediction. Multi linear regression model with 12 parameters was found more suitable in ripening prediction. Scientific variable reduction method was adopted to simplify the developed model. Better prediction was achieved with either 2 or 3 variables (total soluble solids, colour and acidity). Cross validation was done to increase the robustness and it was found that proposed ripening index was more effective in prediction of ripening stages. Three-variable model would be suitable for commercial applications where reasonable accuracies are sufficient. However, 12-variable model can be used to obtain more precise results in research and development applications.
Physical and chemical characterization of masa and tortillas from parental lines, crosses, and one hybrid
Authors: Valderrama-Bravo C. , Domínguez-Pacheco A. , Hernández-Aguilar C. , Zepeda-Bautista R. , del Real-López A. , Pahua-Ramos M.E. , Arellano-Vázquez J.L. , Moreno-Martínez E.
Published: February 2017

In maize plant breeding aimed at producing a hybrid, it is necessary to characterize the parents and hybrids by their agronomic aspects and grain quality so that the processing industry may offer consumers a quality product and also improve its efficiency. This study evaluated the viscoelastic parameters of masa and the chemical and texture properties of tortillas obtained from parent lines (M-54, M55, and CML-242), two single crosses (M54xM55 and M55xM54), and one hybrid (H-70). The morphology of the maize grains and tortillas was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The firmness of masa obtained from CML-242 and H-70 maize was higher than that from the other maize genotypes. M-54 tortillas showed the lowest crude fiber content. Otherwise, tortillas obtained from the M55xM54 hard grain had the lowest fat content and extensibility, while H-70 tortillas showed an intermediate breaking point and extensibility. M-54 and M54xM55 tortillas were softer due to their more swollen starch granules. In contrast, rigid tortillas were obtained from CML-242 and H-70. Grain hardness causes different morphology in starch and tortilla of maize genotypes. However, grain hardness did not influence the characteristics of texture in tortillas.
Utilization of vegetable dumplings waste from industrial production by anaerobic digestion
Authors: Pilarska Agnieszka A. , Pilarski Krzysztof , Ryniecki Antoni , Tomaszyk Kamila , Dach Jacek , Wolna-Maruwka Agnieszka
Published: February 2017

This paper provides the analysis of results of biogas and methane yield for vegetable dumplings waste: dough with fat, vegetable waste, and sludge from the clarifier. Anaerobic digestion of food waste used in the experiments was stable after combining the substrates with a digested pulp composed of maize silage and liquid manure (as inoculum), at suitable ratios. The study was carried out in a laboratory scale using anaerobic batch reactors, at controlled (mesophilic) temperature and pH conditions. The authors present the chemical reactions accompanying biodegradation of the substrates and indicate the chemical compounds which may lead to acidification during the anaerobic digestion. An anaerobic digestion process carried out with the use of a dough-and-fat mixture provided the highest biogas and methane yields. The following yields were obtained in terms of fresh matter: 242.89 m3 Mg−1 for methane and 384.38 m3 Mg−1 for biogas, and in terms of volatile solids: 450.73 m3 Mg−1 for methane and 742.40 m3 Mg−1 for biogas. Vegetables and sludge from the clarifier (as fresh matter) provided much lower yields.
Estimation of daily average downward shortwave radiation from MODIS data using principal components regression method: Fars province case study
Authors: Barzin Razieh , Shirvani Amin , Lotfi Hossein
Published: February 2017

Downward shortwave radiation is a key quantity in the land-atmosphere interaction. Since the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data has a coarse temporal resolution, which is not suitable for estimating daily average radiation, many efforts have been undertaken to estimate instantaneous solar radiation using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data. In this study, the principal components analysis technique was applied to capture the information of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer bands, extraterrestrial radiation, aerosol optical depth, and atmospheric water vapour. A regression model based on the principal components was used to estimate daily average shortwave radiation for ten synoptic stations in the Fars province, Iran, for the period 2009-2012. The Durbin-Watson statistic and autocorrelation function of the residuals of the fitted principal components regression model indicated that the residuals were serially independent. The results indicated that the fitted principal components regression models accounted for about 86-96% of total variance of the observed shortwave radiation values and the root mean square error was about 0.9-2.04 MJ m−2 d−1. Also, the results indicated that the model accuracy decreased as the aerosol optical depth increased and extraterrestrial radiation was the most important predictor variable among all.
Effect of different drying methods on the composition of steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves
Authors: Aranda-González Irma , Betancur-Ancona David , Chel-Guerrero Luis , Moguel-Ordóñez Yolanda
Published: February 2017

Drying techniques can modify the composition of certain plant compounds. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of different drying methods on steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves. Four different drying methods were applied to Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves, which were then subjected to aqueous extraction. Radiation or convection drying was performed in stoves at 60°C, whereas shade or sun drying methods were applied at 29.7°C and 70% of relative humidity. Stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, dulcoside A, and steviolbioside were quantified by a validated HPLC method. Among steviol glycosides, the content (g 100 g−1 dry basis) of stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside C varied according to the drying method. The total glycoside content was higher in sun-dried samples, with no significant differences compared to shade or convection drying, whereas radiation drying adversely affected the content of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C (p <0.01) and was therefore a method lowering total glycoside content. The effect of the different drying methods was also reflected in the proportion of the sweetener profile. Convection drying could be suitable for modern food processing industries while shadow or sun drying may be a low-cost alternative for farmers.
Vertical electrical resistivity sounding (VERS) of tundra and forest tundra soils of Yamal region
Authors: Alekseev Ivan , Kostecki Jakub , Abakumov Evgeny
Published: February 2017

The aim of the study was to determine electrical resistivity peculiarities of tundra and forest tundra soils and soil-permafrost layers of the Yamal region. Measurements of electrical resistivity of soil and permafrost strata were performed with a portable device LandMapper (to a depth of 300-500 cm). These measurements allow determination of the values of apparent electrical resistivity of soils and permafrost at different depths and determination of the depths of the permafrost table on each key plot. It was found that there are several trends in vertical distribution of apparent electrical resistivity values. The first trend is a monotonous increase in electrical resistivity values to the depth. It may be explained by the increasing electrical resistivity within the soil depth in relation to the increase in permafrost density. The second trend is a sharp decrease replaced by a gradual increase in electrical resistivity values caused by changing of non-frozen friable debris to frozen massive crystalline rock. These differences were related to the type of landscape: flat lowlands composed of friable grounds underlain by permafrost or friable grounds with permafrost underlain by a rock crystalline layer.
When Solomon met Solomon: A Medieval Hebrew Bible in Victorian Cambridge
Authors: Dunkelgrün Theodor
Published: February 2017

In the Spring of 1869, the Cambridge University Library acquired a medieval Hebrew Bible, first written in 13th-century Spain and decorated and annotated by various hands in subsequent centuries. The manuscript contains what many consider the earliest record of a Jewish reader of Christian chapter divisions of the OT. This article uncovers the story of that manuscript’s discovery by Solomon Marcus Schiller-Szinessy (1820–1890), the first practicing Jew formally appointed to an academic position at that university. It studies Schiller-Szinessy’s published and unpublished descriptions of the manuscript, and it reconstructs his understanding of its history of transmission and reception. It places this story in the distinct but connected contexts of Victorian interests in Rabbinics and in the Massorah, Henry Bradshaw’s renewal of the Cambridge University Library, the development of bibliography as a genre of historical scholarship in theWissenschaft des Judentums, and the late 19th-century understanding of distinct medieval and early modern chapters in the history of Jewish and Christian biblical traditions, their transmission, reception, mutual encounter and critical study. Finally, the essay takes this case study to reflect on the effect of Jewish emancipation on the academic study of the Hebrew Bible.
Johannes Dietenberger and his Counter-Reformation German Bible
Authors: Fischer Roman , Moger Jourden Travis
Published: February 2017

Johannes Dietenberger (ca. 1475–1537), native of Frankfurt am Main, university-trained Doctor of Theology, and Dominican friar, served as prior in Frankfurt and Koblenz during the 1525 Urban Revolt of the German Peasants’ War and the early Protestant Reformation, respectively. Like Martin Luther, Dietenberger translated the Bible into the vernacular German after consulting recently published Greek and Hebrew biblical texts; however, unlike Luther he produced a translation that remained true to the Latin Vulgate and the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church. Dietenberger aimed to counter those parts of Luther’s translation which contradicted Catholic tradition, and at the same time to provide a translation whose language was less coarse and offensive. Still, there were more commonalities between the translations of Luther and Dietenberger than earlier research in controversial theology assumed. Overshadowed by the famous Wittenberg reformer and slandered by polemical Protestant scholarship of previous centuries, Dietenberger and his Bible translation have never received the scholarly attention they deserve. This article represents an attempt to correct the oversight.
Oxidative Stress Markers in GnRH AgonistaAnd Antagonist Protocols in IVF
Authors: Tulić Lidija , Vidaković Snežana , Tulić Ivan , Ćurčić Marijana , Stojnić Jelena , Jeremić Katarina
Published: February 2017

Background: Our aim was to study the effect of GnRH agonist and antagonist protocols of ovarian stimulation on oxidative stress parameters in serum and the influence of oxidative stress parameters change on the outcome of IVF cycles.

Methods: This prospective study included 82 patients who un der went IVF procedures. We determined SOD, MDA and SH groups in serum. Serum samples were obtained between the second and fourth day of the cycle and on the day of HCG administration during ovarian stimulation.

Results: Patients were divided into two groups depending on the protocol of stimulation. The mean total and mature oocytes number and number of fertilized oocytes were higher in GnRH agonist group. There was no significant difference in biochemical pregnancy, miscarriage and live -birth rate in both groups. Mean serum SOD was significantly lower, while mean serum MDA and SH groups were significantly higher after ovarian stimulation. Delivery rate was higher in patients without OS while miscarriage rate was higher in patients with OS.

Conclusions: Our study confirmed that there is a difference in the concentration of oxidative stress parameters before and after ovarian stimulation. IVF outcome is better in patients without OS after ovarian stimulation. However, the protocol of ovarian stimulation is neither associated with a change in oxidative stress parameters nor with the outcome of ART procedures.
Violence before pregnancy and the risk of violence during pregnancy
Authors: Globevnik Velikonja Vislava , Lučovnik Miha , Premru Sršen Tanja , Leskošek Vesna , Krajnc Megie , Pavše Lucija , Verdenik Ivan , Tul Natasa , Blickstein Isaac
Published: February 2017

Objective:

To investigate the relationships among different forms of violence before and during pregnancy.

Material and methods:

An anonymous questionnaire (adapted NorAQ) was given to 1269 women after childbirth.

Results:

The response rate was 80% (n=1018). Different forms of violence were experienced by 46.9% of the women; 9.2% reported violence in pregnancy. Suffering from the consequences of violence was reported by 43.8% of the women; sexual (76.6%) and psychological (54.1%) ranked the highest. Past experience of any form of violence increased the risk of violence in pregnancy, violences experienced in adulthood even more than that in childhood [odds ratio (OR) 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7–6.5 vs. OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–2.9]. The onset of violence during pregnancy is rare. Violence was most frequently exerted by the intimate partner.

Conclusion:

Healthcare systems have access to most women of reproductive age, thus they have the unique opportunity to identify and adequately manage violence against women and its consequences.
Der zlog-Wert als Basis für die Standardisierung von Laborwerten
Authors: Hoffmann Georg , Klawonn Frank , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Orth Matthias
Published: February 2017

Hintergrund

Im Zuge des deutschen E-Health-Gesetzes von 2016 wurde die DGKL aufgefordert, Vorschläge für die standardisierte Speicherung und Übermittlung von Labordaten zu erarbeiten. Wir schlagen dafür die in der Statistik weit verbreitete z-Transformation vor.

Methoden

Man erhält mit diesem Verfahren einen Relativwert, der angibt, um wie viele Standardabweichungen ein Messwert vom Mittelwert des Referenzkollektivs abweicht. Anhand realer Daten belegen wir die Annahme, dass die Werte gesunder Referenzpersonen durch logarithmische Transformation einer Normalverteilung angenähert werden können.

Ergebnisse

Kennt man somit die Unter- und Obergrenze UG und OG des Referenzintervalls, so kann man jedes Laborergebnis mit folgender Gleichung transformieren:

zlog
=
(log(x)
–

(log(UG)
+
log(OG))/2)
⋅
3,92/(log(OG)

–

log(UG))

$\eqalign{
& {\rm{zlog}} = {\rm{(log(x)}}-{\bf{ }}{\rm{(log(UG)}} + {\rm{log(OG))/2)}} \cdot {\rm{3,92/(log(OG)}} \cr
& & -{\bf{ }}{\rm{log(UG))}} \cr} $

Der zlog-Wert ist leicht interpretierbar: Sein Referenzintervall liegt methodenunabhängig stets zwischen –1,96 und +1,96; stark erniedrigte oder erhöhte Laborergebnisse führen zu zlog-Werten um –5 bzw. +5. Für eine intuitive Befunddarstellung kann man zlog-Werte auch in eine kontinuierliche Farbskala, z. B. von Blau über Weiß bis Orange umrechnen.

Mithilfe der Umkehrfunktion lässt sich aus dem zlog-Wert auch das theoretische Resultat einer Messmethode mit einem anderen Referenzintervall berechnen:

x
=

UG

0
,
5

−

zlog
/
3
,
92

⋅

OG

0
,
5

+

zlog
/
3
,
92

${\rm{x}} = {\rm{U}}{{\rm{G}}^{0,5{\bf{ }} - {\bf{ }}{\rm{zlog}}/3,92}} \cdot {\rm{O}}{{\rm{G}}^{0,5{\bf{ }} + {\bf{ }}{\rm{zlog}}/3,92}}$

Schlussfolgerung

Unser Standardisierungsvorschlag ist ein leicht realisierbarer und effektiver Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Datenqualität und Patientensicherheit im Rahmen des E-Health-Gesetzes. Es wird gefordert, dass alle Labore künftig zusätzlich zum Originalwert den zlog-Wert zur Verfügung stellen und dass in die Protokolle für die elektronische Labordatenübertragung (HL7, LDT) ein eigenes Feld für diesen zusätzlichen Wert eingefügt wird.
Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) off Torres, Brazil: group characteristics, movements, and insights into the role of the Brazilian-Uruguayan wintering ground
Authors: Danilewicz Daniel , Moreno Ignacio B. , Tavares Maurício , Sucunza Federico
Published: February 2017

The southern right whale (SRW), Eubalaena australis, was heavily depleted by the whaling in the Southern Hemisphere. In the southwestern Atlantic, studies on SRWs have been concentrated in two main breeding grounds: Península Valdés, Argentina (~42°′S) and Santa Catarina (SC) State, Brazil (~28°′S). To better understand the ecology of SRWs in the region located between these breeding grounds, shore-based surveys were carried out off Torres (29°19′S, 49°43′W), Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Whales were observed in the area between July and October with peaks in August and September. Group sizes were relatively small (x̅=1.6; range=1–3). Distribution in relation to distance from the coast varied from 0.5 to 8.9 km (median=1.9 km). Unlike in other areas, mother-calf pairs were not observed to occur in shallower waters more often than unaccompanied whales. Mother-calf pairs presented northbound movements to SC more frequently than unaccompanied whales. A comparison of the present data with those from Uruguay and SC revealed that SRWs of different gender/reproductive status may use distinctively the eastern coast of South America. Within these regions, the proportion of mother-calf pairs increases progressively as latitude decreases (from 8% in Uruguay to 58.5% in SC), while the proportion of unaccompanied SRWs presents an opposite trend. This study indicates that RS is an important area for reproduction of SRWs because the three phases (birth, nursing, and mating) proposed for a breeding ground occur there.
Bats found entangled in natural and artificial traps
Authors: Jacomassa Fábio André Facco , Pacheco Susi Missel , Miranda João Marcelo Deliberador , de Oliveira Kleber Pinto Antunes
Published: February 2017

Here, we report cases of bats entangled in natural and artificial traps in Brazil. We found 10 bats entangled in barbed wire, including one Artibeus fimbriatus (dead), one each of Artibeus lituratus, Lasiurus blossevillii and Lasiurus cinereus (alive), one L. blossevilli and five Myotis levis (mummified) and one Eptesicus diminutus entangled on adhesive spines in a branch. All were adult bats. Although we cannot control the occurrence of natural traps, we can suggest actions to mitigate negative effects of man-made structures. The most economic and effective way to mitigate these negative effects is to use plain wire to construct fences.
Crystal structure of 4-bromobenzyl (Z)-N′-(adamantan-1-yl)-4-phenylpiperazine-1-carbothioimidate, C28H34BrN3S
Authors: Al-Wahaibi Lamya H. , Hassan Hanan M. , Abo-Kamar Amal M. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: February 2017

C28H34BrN3S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.4529(8) Å, b = 11.8724(10) Å, c = 21.3800(19) Å, β = 101.864(3)°, V = 2596.6(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.060, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.148, T = 296(2).
Television Textuality
Authors: Bolin Göran
Published: February 2017

The article discusses the production of live television formats, as they have developed in Europe during the past decade. The analytical examples are taken from entertainment as well as factual television, and from public service as well as commercial contexts. In the article, it is argued that there has been an approximation between the textual features and generic and narrative structures of entertainment and factual live television, and a model is presented that is supposed to account for these narrative patterns.
Cameroonians in Oslo, Diaspora, and Uses of the Media
Authors: Mainsah Henry
Published: February 2017

In this study a series of in-depth interviews were conducted with Cameroonians living in Oslo in order to analyze the role of media in the way they constructed their identities. The article showed how through the use of email and Cameroonian websites transnational social networks were strengthened, and ethnic identities were maintained. It examined the role of public discourse in the host country’s mass media in the way Cameroonians negotiated their relationship with the host country. It also showed how the popularity of Anglo-American audiovisual products indicated a willingness to embrace global popular culture. This article’s main argument was that the construction of diasporic identities involved a multi-directional gaze; looking inward to the local context of the host country, backwards to the home country, and all around to the global context, and that the media played a major role in all these processes.
Transatlantic Perspectives on the U.S. 2004 Election
Authors: Nitz Michael , Ihlen Øyvind , Egge Jessyna , Sobolik Stacy
Published: February 2017

The U.S. Presidential election of 2004 was an exciting reprise of the 2000 election and was closely watched by numerous observers across the world. The election held significant ramifications for world issues such as the war in Iraq and the war on terror. Norwegian media in particular followed the election with great interest. The strong social and familial bond between Norwegians and Americans was a foundation for an interest in the role that social issues such as abortion, gay marriage, and religion played in the campaign. This article was an exploratory case study based on data from three major Norwegian newspapers. The article used framing theory as a tool to examine the way in which these newspapers covered the 2004 U.S. Presidential election. A key focus was the importance and influence of culture in this framing process. Results are presented and implications for the role of framing theory in international contexts are discussed.
Wikipedia – Free and Reliable?
Authors: Mattus Maria
Published: February 2017

Wikipedia is a multilingual, Internet-based, free, wiki-encyclopaedia that is created by its own users.

The aim of the present article is to let users’ descriptions of their impressions and experiences of Wikipedia increase our understanding of the function and dynamics of this collaboratively shaped wiki-encyclopaedia.

Qualitative, structured interviews concerning users, and the creation and use of Wikipedia were carried out via e-mail with six male respondents – administrators at the Swedish Wikipedia – during September and October, 2006.

The results focus on the following themes: I. Passive and active users; II. Formal and informal tasks; III. Common and personal visions; IV. Working together; V. The origins and creation of articles; VI. Contents and quality; VII. Decisions and interventions; VIII. Encyclopaedic ambitions.

The discussion deals with the approach of this encyclopaedic phenomenon, focusing on its “unfinishedness”, its development in different directions, and the social regulation that is implied and involved. Wikipedia is a product of our time, having a powerful vision and engagement, and it should therefore be interpreted and considered on its own terms.
Sweetening the Deal
Authors: Gaustad Terje
Published: February 2017

Various forms of public funding are used to encourage national film production, and one important quality of such funding is its ability to attract complementary private financing and thus maximize the resources available for national film. When the Norwegian government restructured its film support system in 2001, it was an explicit goal to attract more private investments into national films. Yet three years later, the government observed that while many national films now could show a healthy return on their private capital of more than 50 percent, there seemed to be a notable lack of participation from the traditional investment community in the financing of these films. The present article explores the economic reasons for the lack of involvement by applying project financing and transaction cost perspectives to a microanalysis of the financing and performance of all Norwegian films released theatrically in 2005.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Shadow Banking – Evidence from EU Countries
Authors: Barbu Teodora Cristina , Boitan Iustina Alina , Cioaca Sorin Iulian
Published: February 2017

Shadow banking is a topical, debated issue on the agenda of national and European macro-prudential regulatory and supervisory authorities. It is generally accepted that shadow banks and the traditional banking system have some core functions in common, such as credit and maturity transformation, and the exposure to similar risks. However, the tight banking regulations and the decreasing trend recorded by interest rates in the post-crisis period create prospects for shadow banking sector growth. Against this background, the present paper aims at investigating the particular impact that shadow banking activity exerts on macroeconomic fundamentals. The analysis covers 15 European Union countries, including Romania, during the period 2008 – 2015, using quarterly data. Shadow banking system is used as a proxy by monetary funds, due to breaks in the series or unbalanced number of observations across selected countries. By employing panel regression, it was found that the shadow banking total assets’ variation is negatively influenced by the GDP growth, short term interest rates, M2/GDP ratio and the ratio of investment funds’ assets in GDP, and positively determined by stock index dynamics and long term interest rates. The findings sustain the literature’s point of view
The Impact of Leverage on Firm Growth. Empirical Evidence from Romanian Listed Firms
Authors: Anton Sorin Gabriel
Published: February 2017

The aim of the paper is to assess the impact of leverage on firm growth in periods of economic growth and economic uncertainty. We employ a sample of Romanian listed firms over the period 2001-2011 and several alternative measures for firm growth (i.e. sales growth, assets growth, and employment growth). The results of fixed effects regression model show that the leverage has a positive effect on firm growth. Furthermore, profitability was found to positively influence the firm growth, while older firms saw a faster increase in assets and sales. Within this particular sample, firm size appears to constrain growth.
Examining the Influence of Some Macroeconomic Factors on Foreign Direct Investments
Authors: Țaran Alina , Mironiuc Marilena , Huian Maria-Carmen
Published: February 2017

The aim of this paper is to study the determinants of inward foreign direct investments (FDI) at a multi-regional and European level, while focusing on a series of macroeconomic factors, in the FDI receiving countries. Multiple regression analysis and ANOVA analysis of variance are applied. Findings show that the degree of economic freedom is a significant factor of multi-regional inward FDI during the period 2012-2015, but this effect is caused only fiscal freedom, government spending, monetary, trade, and financial freedom. For the more economically and politically stable European countries, the level of economic freedom does not influence their inward FDI. At the same time, market size and level of economic development of the host countries have a positive influence on FDI inflows, while financial markets development, workforce availability and adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are not significant determinants.