bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE RISK OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AND SEPSIS FOLLOWING RECONSTRUCTIVE FLAP SURGERY
Authors: Nur Afiati Shabrina , Wijaya Natalia , Sausan Anaqo Deata
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Reconstructive flap surgery, vital for addressing defects in diverse body regions, is employed in post-cancer and traumatic wound reconstruction, yielding favorable outcomes. While minor complications are well-documented, systemic complications, particularly sepsis, remain underexplored. This systematic review fills the gap by investigating sepsis incidence and associated risk factors in reconstructive flap surgery, aiming to enhance understanding, prevent complications, and improve patient care.
Method: The researchers in this study followed the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure that their work met the required standards. This was done to ensure the precision and reliability of the conclusions derived from the research.
Result: Our search produced 14 results. After looking at the titles and summaries, we found several  papers that fit our criteria. At first, we excluded few articles because they were written in review and case report style. But after reading the full papers carefully, we included five papers in our final analysis. These papers included retrospective review study and retrospective studies. 
Conclusion: Postoperative sepsis and surgical site infections (SSIs) are significant challenges in reconstructive flap surgery, with a 2.1% sepsis incidence and identified risk factors including comorbidities, BMI, and ASA Score. Sepsis elevates 30-day mortality risk almost fivefold, emphasizing the need for preventive measures. Our study underscores the impact equivalence of SSIs and Major Postoperative Infections (MPIs) and recommends a 72-hour antibiotic prophylaxis duration in head and neck free flap surgery. Notably, preoperative recipient site infection in lower extremity tissue transfer influences graft outcomes, and longer operating time consistently predicts SSIs, necessitating strategic planning and comprehensive comorbidity management. Prospective studies are crucial for refining predictors and optimizing patient care in reconstructive flap surgery.
ASSOCIATION OF SMOKING AND PROSTATE CANCER : A 10 YEARS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Amal Ramadhani Rizkia , Fithri Rofifa Amira
Published: February 2024

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among males, with an estimated 1.4 million new cases and 375 000 deaths worldwide in 2020, accounting for 7.3 and 3.8 of all cancers diagnosed, respectively. Various endogenous and exogenous risk factors for PCa have been discussed for decades. Several factors have been identified to be associated with an increased risk of PCa, for instance, family history, elevated hormone levels, black ethnicity, and high alcohol consumption.
The aim: This study aims to show about association of smoking and prostate cancer.
Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and SagePub, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done.
Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 30 articles, whereas the results of our search on SagePub brought up 55 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 13 articles for PubMed and 23 articles for SagePub. The result from title screening, a total 10 articles for PubMed and 15 articles for SagePub. In the end, we compiled a total of 10 papers. We included five research that met the criteria.
Conclusion: Regarding smoking, burning tobacco and inhaling the smoke is considered a significant risk factor or direct cause of cancer, tumor lesions, and a well-known chemical carcinogen.
TOURISM GOVERNANCE IN CAMEROON AND THE CHALLENGES OF MODERNITY: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Dorothee Tsogo Akoa  , Marie Pierrette Nnomo
Published: February 2024

This article looks at tourism governance in the light of the challenges of modernity. It is set against a rapidly changing global backdrop. In a world where today's realities are rapidly being overtaken by tomorrow's hazards, where modernity is replacing the classical. As tourism is part and parcel of this world of multiple uncertainties, the problem arises of how to adapt. So, looking at the case of Cameroon, we asked ourselves what kind of tourism governance is needed to meet the new challenges of modernity? The method we chose to answer this question was a documentary analysis, based on a review of the literature on the subject. The synthesis of the contributions consulted leads us to believe that a multi-stakeholder approach to tourism governance (public and private, central and local) would be better suited to meeting the challenges of modernity.
PERFIL SOCIOECONÔMICO DO TRABALHADOR AGRÍCOLA NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE REGIONAL NO PERÍODO DE 2011 E 2015
Authors: Da Silva Mattheus Rodrigues , Trovão Cassiano José Bezerra Marques , De Souza Danyelle Mestre
Published: February 2024

O setor agrícola possui grande importância para a economia brasileira, destaca-se como um gerador de divisas e provedor de postos de trabalhos. O setor passou por uma reconfiguração a partir de 1960, através de um processo de modernização, que ao mesmo tempo que possibilitou um aumento da produtividade, foi responsável pela heterogeneidade estrutural presente na agropecuária nacional, dada sua natureza desigual e assimétrica entre as regiões. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar o perfil do setor agrícola brasileiro nas diferentes regiões, enfatizando seus aspectos socioeconômicos e participação na população ocupada. Para isso, utiliza-se dados da PNAD entre 2011 e 2015. Conclui-se, de forma geral, que o trabalho agrícola se caracteriza por baixos níveis de renda e escolaridade, além de ser responsável pela maior parcela do trabalho de subsistência e do trabalho infantil do país. Além disso, verificou-se que as regiões Norte e Nordeste apresentaram piores resultados, quando comparados às demais.
REFORMA TRABALHISTA E PRECARIZAÇÃO: reflexões sobre o trabalho nas telecomunicações
Authors: Paulo Rodrigues Maria Cristina , João Marcoyves Silva  , João Marcoyves Silva  , Ana Clara Souza
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo constitui-se numa sistematização parcial da pesquisa “Trabalho, Precarização e Resistência: uma análise nas telecomunicações do Rio de Janeiro”, que tem como objetivo central analisar a precarização das relações de trabalho deste segmento da classe trabalhadora frente ao cenário da reforma trabalhista, abordando suas especificidades históricas e suas formas de resistência. 

Palavras-chave: precarização; reforma trabalhista; sindicato; resistência.
GRAU DE SATISFAÇÃO DOS BRASILEIROS NO TRABALHO E SEUS DETERMINANTES
Authors: Consule Crespo Rodrigues Loredany , Santos Souza Isabella Caroline , Da Cunha Cassuce Francisco Carlos , Fernandes Cirino Jader
Published: February 2024

A satisfação no trabalho é fator fundamental para o bem-estar do indivíduo e para a concretização dos objetivos da organização na qual está inserido. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o grau de satisfação dos brasileiros no trabalho e seus determinantes. Para o alcance deste objetivo foram feitas análises descritivas e econométricas, utilizando o modelo probit ordenado e os dados disponibilizados pela PNAD de 2015. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que o percentual de trabalhadores muito satisfeitos em suas atividades profissionais foi relativamente baixo no ano da pesquisa e que tanto características individuais como idade, estado civil, cor e educação, quanto do trabalho como rendimento, tempo de serviço e formalidade estavam correlacionadas com seus níveis de satisfação. Nesse sentido, buscar aumentar a realização no trabalho a partir das variáveis estudadas é de suma importância, visando ao aumento de produtividade em um mundo cada vez mais competitivo e globalizado.
DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO E O MUNDO DO TRABALHO: OS DESAFIOS POSTOS NO RELATÓRIO REGIONAL DO DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO VOLTADO PARA O MERCOSUL de 2009-2010
Authors: Rezende Maria José De
Published: February 2024

Por meio de uma pesquisa documental, que tem como campo de estudo o Relatório do Desenvolvimento Humano (RDHM) voltado para os países do MERCOSUL, busca-se compreender os diagnósticos e as prescrições, constantes nesse material, acerca da tensão atual entre estes dois direitos: a educação e o trabalho. Os seus formuladores, ao atestarem a possibilidade e a necessidade de consorciação desses direitos, fazem sobressair os elementos concernentes às exigências de construção de novas políticas capazes de impulsionar e efetivar, para todos, os direitos individuais e coletivos. A pergunta que orienta esse RDHM tem sido: Como fazer avançar nas melhorias coletivas gerando novas políticas, complexas e potenciais, para fazer com que o direito à educação e o direito ao trabalho digno sejam motores do combate à exclusão e à vulnerabilidade dos grupos em situação de pobreza extrema?
O MOVIMENTO SINDICAL NO BRASIL DIANTE DA OFENSIVA DO CAPITAL:
Authors: Alves de Oliveira Edneia , Dos Reis Apóstolos Gustavo Giovanny
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar algumas reflexões sobre o movimento sindical brasileiro, particularizando a ação da CSP-Conlutas e suas especificidades dentro das relações de produção capitalista no Brasil. Utilizaremos de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto e algumas pesquisas realizadas por outros autores, e também uma prévia análise do material publicado nas resoluções defendidas pela organização sindical e popular. Nosso entendimento é que a crise estrutural do capital trouxe impactos para a organização sindical, que, no caso brasileiro, se agrava pelas próprias condições históricas de nosso desenvolvimento econômico, político e social, cujo exemplo são as reformas referentes às relações trabalhistas e suas formas de exploração da força de trabalho.
TRABALHO E DESENVOLVIMENTO NO BRASIL
Authors: Guedes Ladosky Mario Henrique , Ramalho Martins Fernando , Lázaro Prado Marcos
Published: February 2024

Investiga-se os impactos da instalação de plantas automotivas em duas  localidades: Goiana (PE) e Iracemápolis (SP). Ambas unidades fabris foram inauguradas no contexto do Programa de Incentivo à Inovação Tecnológica e Adensamento da Cadeia Produtiva de Veículos Automotores – Inovar-Auto, em territórios com pouca ou nenhuma tradição industrial. Trata-se de uma pesquisa comparativa, apoiada em fontes de dados quantitativos como a Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) e o Cadastro Geral de Emprego e Desemprego (CAGED) do então existente Ministério do Trabalho, sendo os dados tratados de forma descritiva e comparativa. Dentre as categorias de análise elencou-se: i. indicadores econômicos e sociais; ii. características do mercado de trabalho; e iii. estrutura ocupacional.  Os resultados permitem concluir que o impacto sobre o mercado de trabalho se fez sentir de modo mais intenso na unidade instalada  em território pernambucano, destacando-se como fatores relevantes o porte do empreendimento e o modelo produtivo adotado.
EFEITOS DA REFORMA TRABALHISTA NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO
Authors: De Oliveira Santos Gilson Cássio , Mendes de Almeida Rocha Larissa
Published: February 2024

O presente trabalho busca compreender as alterações provocadas nas relações de trabalho pontuadas com as Leis nº 13.429 e nº 13.467, ambas de 2017. O debate compreende a análise das consequências observadas com a aplicação de um modelo de produção flexibilizado, posto como fundamento para a redução de custos, em oposição as afirmativas de um trabalho precário. Quer-se, assim, apresentar alguns indicadores para avaliar se a introdução legislativa propiciou, de fato, os efeitos divulgados pelo Governo e pela mídia, basicamente, o aumento efetivo do número de empregos formais no país. A pesquisa desenvolvida embasou-se em textos legislativos e jurisprudências, além de avaliar dados exploratórios pertinentes ao mercado de trabalho. Os resultados obtidos não demonstram impactos positivos quanto a criação de empregos formais, contudo, apontam maiores dificuldades na organização sindical.
INFORMALIDADE E CRISE SOCIAL NO BRASIL: UM OLHAR SOBRE O TRABALHO DIGITAL PRECARIZADO
Authors: Gleyce Kelly de Miranda  , Fonseca Pereira Oliveira Gomes Sónia Maria
Published: February 2024

O processo de desestruturação do mercado de trabalho brasileiro tem culminado em elevadas taxas de desemprego e precarização das relações trabalhistas, conforme atestam dados recentes do IBGE. O presente artigo tece considerações acerca da informalidade no Brasil, com enfoque no trabalho digital precarizado dos entregadores por aplicativos, visto que se configuram como um dos grupos sociais com maior exposição às condições precarizadas de trabalho. Como apontam os resultados, há indicativos de intensa jornada de trabalho, baixa remuneração, baixa proteção social e falta de autonomia no gerenciamento da força de trabalho. O estudo analisa ainda como o fenômeno da terceirização e do trabalho autônomo dialogam com a precarização deste tipo de trabalho e as possibilidades de novas organizações laborais, dentro da legislação trabalhista brasileira.
FINANÇAS SOLIDÁRIAS E AGENDA GOVERNAMENTAL
Authors: Silva Sandro Pereira , Amaral Pereira Camila
Published: February 2024

Este texto visou problematizar a relação entre bancos comunitários de desenvolvimento (BCDs) e gestão pública. Para tanto, buscou-se analisar os principais elementos que permitiram essa relação de complementaridade, a partir de uma pesquisa exploratória os fatores que nortearam a evolução das iniciativas de finanças solidárias no território brasileiro e sua inserção na agenda de governos de diferentes unidades federativas. Foi possível identificar que essa temática tem se manifestado por meio de um arranjo operacional inovador, orientado em torno da elaboração e execução de políticas sociais, embora não esteja imune a tensões e limites inerentes à própria administração pública.
Sentidos del trabajo y teoría de la acción: reflexiones a partir de un estudio de caso del noroeste de la perifería bonaerense
Authors: Dzembrowski Nicolás
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre el abordaje de la teoría sociológica para dar cuenta del trabajo como una actividad determinante para la comprensión de las relaciones sociales. En ese sentido, se plantean las posibilidades de un abordaje que recupere la teoría de la acción y la capacidad de agencia del actor en la construcción de sentidos sobre sus propias prácticas. Para avanzar en la reflexión se utilizaron los primeros hallazgos de un trabajo de campo extenso, realizado en el Polo productivo de José C. Paz, ubicado en el noroeste del conurbano bonaerense, entre los años 2015 – 2018.
CONSUMO DE ÁLCOOL E RENDIMENTOS NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO DO BRASIL
Authors: Carvalho Moreira Gustavo , Ribas Vianna Lucas
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho objetiva evidenciar a associação entre o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e os rendimentos do mercado de trabalho no Brasil, a partir dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional da Saúde (PNS) de 2019. Os métodos empregados envolveram o uso de equações mincerianas e quantílicas. Os resultados apontaram para uma diferenciação salarial positiva para consumidores de álcool, sendo de maior magnitude para indivíduos situados na faixa mais elevada da distribuição de rendimentos. No entanto, devido à possível presença de endogeneidade neste resultado, foi realizado um exercício empírico adicional para investigar se o consumo excessivo de álcool afeta os rendimentos. Os resultados deste exercício mostraram que há um resultado negativo do consumo excessivo de álcool nos salários. As implicações dos resultados para o mercado de trabalho são discutidas ao longo do texto.
DETERMINANTES MUNICIPAIS DA ESCRAVIDÃO CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Cavalcante Rangel Fernanda , Da Cruz Lima Ana Carolina
Published: February 2024

A escravidão contemporânea no Brasil tem sido amplamente abordada pelo prisma jurídico, descritivo e com estudos de casos. Esta pesquisa contribui com uma análise econômica do tema. Logo, o objetivo deste artigo é identificar os principais determinantes municipais da escravidão contemporânea. Para sua consecução foram utilizados dois modelos econométricos, quais sejam, o modelo probit, para estimar a probabilidade de existir resgatados em um município, e o modelo de seleção amostral de Heckman, para controlar a seleção amostral dos municípios sem sobreviventes identificados. Em ambos os modelos foram utilizados dados do Ministério Público do Trabalho e do Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano (IPEA, 2013). Os resultados indicaram que os municípios com baixa renda per capita, baixa escolaridade, elevada taxa de desigualdade e população rural tendem a apresentar quantidade mais expressiva de indivíduos resgatados de condições de trabalho análogas à escravidão. Portanto, políticas que avancem no sentido de enfrentar a desigualdade e a baixa escolaridade podem contribuir para mitigar a escravidão contemporânea nos municípios brasileiros.
O TRABALHO, OS SABERES E O SUJEITO
Authors: Torres Tays , Rocha Simões Raoni
Published: February 2024

O artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a atividade artesanal em Pedra Sabão. A escolha se deve ao fato dos produtos a ela relacionados possuírem expressividade social e econômica, além de ser uma manifestação cultural secular na região de Ouro Preto (MG). Nas oficinas artesanais, observa-se que a penosidade, a insalubridade e a precarização das condições de trabalho estão presentes, além dos problemas econômicos relacionados com o alto custo da matéria prima e das dificuldades de venda dos artefatos produzidos. Assim, buscamos entender, mediante as dificuldades vivenciadas pelos artesãos, o movimento de saída e retorno para os trabalhos com a Pedra e, portanto, compreender a escolha em perpetuar o trabalho nas atividades artesanais. Dessa forma, através da teoria fundamentada nos dados, identificou-se o processo de aprendizagem como fator central para a consolidação dessas relações e para o sentimento de pertencimento à localidade, ao ofício e à própria relação com a Pedra.
PLATAFORMAS DE ENTREGAS E SUA NEBULOSA REDE DE SUBCONTRATAÇÃO
Authors: Sales Ana Patricia , Lima Sales Francisco José
Published: February 2024

O estudo é desdobramento do projeto de pesquisa intitulado “Trabalho, Violência e Cidadania”. Tratou-se de analisar a relação entre os motoboys com os “parceiros sociais” envolvidos na rede de subcontratação forjada pelas plataformas digitais de entregas de comidas. A investigação se desenvolveu em Natal/RN e se fundamentou em dados primários recolhidos junto a vinte e dois (22) entregadores de empresas-plataformas de distintos aplicativos de comidas, e em uma (1) entrevista com uma ex-trabalhadora terceirizada da empresa subcontratada pelo iFood. Os depoimentos dos trabalhadores entregadores exibiram não somente os atores sociais envolvidos na rede de prestação de serviços forjada pelas empresas-plataformas, como também desvendaram a forma de sociabilidade que se estabelece entre eles no cotidiano da atividade laboral. Essa relação entre os prestadores de serviços nem sempre é harmoniosa, aliás, algumas vezes, são marcadas “por descasos, por humilhações, pela indiferença e pelo desrespeito”, conforme se pôde identificar nos relatos dos trabalhadores.
CRISE, FINANCERIZAÇÃO E DESAFIOS DA REDISTRIBUIÇÃO NO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Lavinas Lena
Published: February 2024

Este artigo aborda algumas das profundas transformações que a dominância do capitalismo financeiro vem provocando e normalizando em nossas vidas ao alterar por completo a funcionalidade da política social e a natureza dos regimes de bem-estar, ambos responsáveis pela materialização das políticas redistributivas e pelo enfrentamento das inúmeras formas de desigualdades que caracterizam todas as sociedades contemporâneas.  Mais precisamente, discute-se o endividamento em massa das famílias, que passam a incorporar aos custos da sua reprodução a remuneração do capital portador de juros, o que as torna não apenas estruturalmente dependentes de acesso aos mercados financeiros, mas infinitamente mais vulneráveis no curto, médio e longo prazo também. Antes explorada, hoje a classe trabalhadora é também financeiramente expropriada por meio de dívidas. A experiência brasileira serve como estudo de caso.
ძველი ხელნაწერების ახალი სიცოცხლე – გაციფრულებული ქართული ხელნაწერები და მათი მნიშვნელობა კოდიკოლოგიური და ტექსტოლოგიური კვლევებისათვის (ოთხთავის ხელნაწერების მაგალითზე)
Authors: თვალთვაძე დარეჯან
Published: February 2024

The digital age, the development of modern technologies and the emergence of large databases have led to a drastic change in the scientific infrastructure in many fields of the Humanities, including manuscriptology. The fixation of old manuscripts in photographs and microfilms has been replaced by digitisation, which has made it possible to obtain high-quality digital photographs that have become a reliable source for the palaeographical, codicological and textological study of manuscripts.
Scientific projects that were initiated by Professor Jost Gippert at the Institute of Empirical Linguistics of Goethe University, Frankfurt, in collaboration with Georgian scholars in the late twentieth century, aiming to electronically document Georgian written sources and digitise ancient Georgian manuscripts, have proved to be crucial. It was within the framework of one such project that it became possible to fully digitise the collection of Georgian manuscripts preserved in the Iviron Monastery on Mount Athos.
The present article shows the importance of digital images for codicological and textual studies on the example of two of the Athonite manuscripts (Ivir.georg. 62 and Ivir.georg. 83) which contain the Old Georgian translation of the Gospels. Discussed are the new insights revealed as a result of the study of the digital images of these manuscripts, which open up new prospects for the further study of the history of the Georgian translation of the Gospels.
Bazur – Linking the Languages of the Caucasus
Authors: Magomedov Magomed , Şahingöz Emine
Published: February 2024

უმცირესობათა ენებს, ისევე როგორც საფრთხეში მყოფ ენათა უმეტე-სობას, ხშირად არ გააჩნიათ ელექტრონული რესურსები, მათ შორის ლექსიკო-ნებიც. იმ ენებს, რომლებსაც უფრო „გაუმართლათ“ და მეცნიერთა ინტერესის სფეროში მოხვდნენ, დღეისათვის გააჩნიათ არა მხოლოდ დიგიტალური რესურსები, არამედ მობილური აპლიკაციებიც, თუმცა ისინი ძირითადად ვერ აკმაყოფილებენ დღევანდელი ტექნოლოგიურად განვითარებული ახალგაზრდე-ბის მოლოდინებს. ჩვენ მიერ შექმნილი ელექტორნული ლექსიკონი ბაზური („ფრთა“) წარმოგიდგენთ ახალ ექსპერიმენტულ გადაწყვეტილებებს, რომელიც მოწოდებულია დაძლიოს დღეისათვის არსებული დაბრკოლებები ახალგაზრდა თაობის ინტერესების გათვალისწინებით და ენის ტექნოლოგიების განვი-თარების მეშვეობით დააინტერესოს ისინი მშობლიური ენით. ლექსიკონი შექ-მნილია თანამედროვე მოთხოვნების შესაბამისად ორივე ფორმატში - როგორც მობილური, ისე ვებაპლიკაციის ფორმით.
წინამდებარე სტატიის მიზანია, პირველ რიგში, მკითხველს გააცნოს კავკასიის ენები და მათი საფრთხეში მყოფობის ხარისხი იუნესკოს საფრთხეში მყოფი ენების ატლასის მიხედვით. სტატიის მეორე ნაწილში აღწერილია ლექსიკონის სტრუქტურა ფუნქციონირების მექანიზმი, მესამე ნაწილი კი ეთმობა აპლიკაციის საგანგებო ფუნქციას, რომელიც საშუალებას აძლევს ინტერნეტმომხმარებeლს, აქტიურად ჩაერთოს აპლიკაციის განვრცობა-განვითარებაში. ნაშრომის ბოლო, მეოთხე ნაწილში მოცემულია პროექტის განხორციელების ძირითადი მიმართულებები და სამომავლო გეგმები.
Ecological Study of Zooplankton in South Shatt Al-Arab River, Southern Iraq
Authors: Jebir Afaq , Ajeel Shaker , Khalaf Talib
Published: February 2024

The ecology of zooplankton in general and Copepoda in particular has been studied in this study. The samples were collected monthly, during the period from December 2011 to November 2012, in south Shatt Al-Arab River at Al-Siba and Al-Faw by using plankton net of 85 μm mesh sized and a mouth aperture of 30 cm, by vertical collection method. Physical and chemical parameters were studied such as: water temperatures were ranging from (13 – 28 °C), pH values (7 – 8.8), the salinity (0.5 – 41.5‰) in station 1 and 2 respectively. The highest oxygen concentration (12 mg/l) was recorded at station 2 during December 2011, whereas the lowest concentration was (6 mg/l) at station 1 during August 2012. The highest value of chlorophyll – a was (19.9 mg/m3) at station 2 during November 2012, while the lowest value was (2.8 mg/mᶟ) at station 1 during December 2011. The highest density of zooplankton reached (53211 ind./mᶟ) at station 2 during May 2012, whereas the lowest density was (21 ind./mᶟ) at station 1 during December 2011, where the highest density of copepods was (48966 ind./mᶟ) at station 2 during May 2012, and the lowest density was (7 ind./mᶟ) at station 1 during December 2011. Fifty-three taxa of zooplankton were identified through the present study, 34 taxa belong to Copepoda, and 19 taxa belong to the other zooplankton. Copepoda dominated among the other zooplankton. The species Acartia (Odontacartia) ohtsukai was new record in Iraqi water.
Morphology and phytochemical diversity among some species in the Cyperaceae family
Authors: Azeez Sekinat Okikiola , Ojo Stella Abimbola , Dunmade Oluwatumininu Grace , Ogundele Titilope Olamide , Akinpelu Bolajoko A.
Published: February 2024

Classification of members of Cyperaceae is complicated basically due to the size and complexity of their inflorescences. This study employed morphological attributes to delimit some species belonging to the Cyperus, Pycreus, Mariscus, Kyllinga, Fimbristylis, and Rhynchospora; and further explored and analyzed the secondary metabolites from these species if they could be helpful in their characterization. Eighteen morphological characters were considered and analyzed through cluster analysis. Additionally, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was employed to screen phytochemicals such as flavonoid, steroid, tannin, saponin, triterpene, alkaloid, and cardiac glycosides in some of the sedges. The morphological study showed that the cluster analysis grouped all the species studied into two main clusters. The first main cluster contained all the Cyperus species studied except C. nipponus and C. rotundus. However, a few members of other genera studied were embedded within the Cyperus cluster. On the other hand, the second main cluster was further divided into two sub-clusters; the first sub-cluster had only Fimbristylis species while the second sub-cluster comprised Kyllinga, Pycreus, Mariscus species and two Cyperus species. In this present study, the inflorescence type and achene morphology played a significant role in delimiting the accessions studied. The TLC profiling of the species of Cyperaceae studied revealed their phytochemical diversity which can be harnessed in pharmaceutical industries. Moreover, the phytochemicals detected (flavonoid, steroid, tannin, saponin, triterpene, alkaloid, and cardiac glycosides) have been demonstrated to be useful in the delimitation of the species within each genus studied and elucidated the relationship that exists among them. However, they have little or no taxonomic value in delimiting the genera studied within the family Cyperaceae. Further research is required with respect to the characterization of the diverse secondary metabolites detected in some members of Cyperaceae studied
siRNA and apoptosis in breast cancer cells: A minireview
Authors: Sattarivand Masoumeh , Aliheydari Elahe
Published: February 2024

Small interfering RNA (siRNA), is a class of double-stranded RNA at first non-coding RNA molecules, operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. It interferes with the expression of specific genes with complementary nucleotide sequences by degrading mRNA after transcription, preventing translation. siRNAs have been widely used to study gene function and extensively exploited for their potential therapeutic applications. siRNAs have gained attention as a potential therapeutic reagent due to their ability to inhibit specific genes in cancer cells. Increased resistance to apoptosis is a challenging issue for treatment of many cancers, including breast cancer. It has been recently reported that siRNAs and RNAi technology can be used to increase the apoptotic susceptibility of cancer cells. It has been shown that apoptosis is induced in cancer cells by siRNA-mediated silencing of the livin/ML-IAP/KIAP gene. Association of siRNA with apoptosis via mitochondrial depolarization and caspase-3 activation has been highlighted in cancer cells. Although many aspects of siRNA actions in cancer cells have been revealed through in vivo and in vitro studies, the biological mechanisms underlying siRNA mediated knockdown of gene expression and apoptosis induction in cancer cells are not yet fully understood. The main aim of this review is to investigate the effects of siRNAs on apoptosis induction in breast cancer cells.
The anticancer effects of graphene oxide against digestive system cancers: Short review
Authors: Hassanli Atefeh
Published: February 2024

In recent years, advances in nanotechnology have enabled researchers in the field of diagnosis and treatment to use nanoparticles or complex multifunctional nanosystems for the diagnosis and targeted treatment of several diseases, including cancers. Graphene oxide is one of the most studied materials in the world. Due to its unique properties, it has been in the center of researchers' attention and has been named as a material for the future. Graphene oxide is made up of only carbon atoms, where each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms with sp2 hybridized orbitals, creating a honeycomb and hexagonal lattice. Graphene oxide is a layered carbon structure with oxygen-containing functional groups that are attached to both sides of the edge layer and also to the edges of the graphene oxide sheet. Due to its two-dimensional planar structure, chemical/mechanical stability, excellent sensitivity to light, excellent conductivity, high surface area and good biocompatibility, graphene oxide nanoparticles have been placed as a suitable candidate in the treatment of cancers. Graphene oxide can be used to make a drug delivery system for anti-cancer drugs such as paclitax, doxorubicin and methotrexate, and the drug can be directed to the desired location by loading it. This short review aimed to have an overview on the anticancer effects of graphene oxide on gastrointestinal cancers.
Fish biodiversity and their conservation measures in the Mathabhanga river, Chuadanga, Bangladesh
Authors: Shafa Zerin , Aminur Rahman M. , Choudhury Moumita , Yeasmine Selina , Anisur Rahman M.
Published: February 2024

The study was concerned to determine the present status of the fish biodiversity in the Mathabhanga river, Chuadanga and its conversation measures based on the questionnaire interview with 40 fishers, focus group discussion with river bank community members and cross check interview with key informants. A field study was conducted for a period of four months from December, 2021 to March, 2022 to assess the fish biodiversity in the Mathabhanga river, investigate the existing fishing practices and also to identify proper management strategies for the conservation of fish biodiversity in the river. The results revealed that three categories of fishers were engaged in the Mathabhanga river namely, professional fishers (45.0%), seasonal fishers (37.5%) and subsistence fishers (17.5%). Shannon-Weaver diversity (H) and Margalef’s richness (D) values revealed that diversity and richness of fish species were the highest in March (H = 2.99, D = 4.45), followed by February (H = 2.96, D = 3.69) and January (H = 2.63, D = 3.15), while the lowest values were obtained in December (H = 2.60, D = 2.80). The Pielou’s evenness (e) values were found to be slightly varied with the variations of total number of species, being the highest in December (e = 0.94) and the lowest in January (e = 0.91). Different types of fishing gears like seine net, gill net, cast net, hook and line, and traps were found to be operated to catch fish by the fishers during this survey. A total of 26 fish species were identified in the catches of the Mathabhanga river. According to the survey, indiscriminate and overexploitation were found to be responsible for almost 40% loss, and pollution and siltation caused about 25% loss of ecosystem. Around 20% and 15% loss of ecosystem were caused by habitat destruction and changes of river course, respectively. As a result, the water quality was deteriorating day by day, and the availability of fish species and other aquatic biodiversity were decreasing gradually. During the survey, almost 16 fish species was found at a risk to be endangered. The specific conservation measures including community based fisheries management, establishment of sanctuary, control of pollution, maintenance of fishing gears and the implementation of fisheries act should need to be made for the sustainable utilization and conversation of fish biodiversity in the Mathabhanga river.
The effects of adrenal gland hormones depletion on thermal pain in animal model
Authors: Shkreli Rezarta , Najafi Sara
Published: February 2024

The studies have shown that adrenal hormones may exert modulatory effects on pain perception in animals. To investigate the analgesic effects of adrenal gland hormones in response to thermal nociceptive stimulation in rats, the present study evaluated the effects of adrenalectomy on the thermal pain threshold. The rats were divided into control and adrenalectomized female and male groups. Adrenalectomy was achieved using a dorsal midline incision at the level of the first through third lumbar vertebrae and removal of adrenal gland. The tail immersion assay was used for evaluating the analgesic potential of adernalectomy. To measure thermal pain threshold, the end of the tail was placed in a 50°C water bath and the pain threshold was measured as the time required to elicit a flick of the tail. Thermal pain threshold was measured 10 and 30 days after adrenalectomy and compared between adrenalectomized and control intact rats. Thermal pain threshold did not significantly change in male and female rats 10 and 30 days after adrenalectomy compared to control group. These data indicate that depletion of adrenal hormones 10 or 30 days after adrenalectomy does not significantly modulate the pain-induced behavioral responses related to thermal nociception.
Abnormalities in EEG as migraine marker: a mini review
Authors: Ehteshamzad Sharareh , Shkreli Rezarta
Published: February 2024

The electroencephalogram (EEG) records the spontaneous electrical activity of the brain and is useful in diagnosing various brain conditions. It is commonly used in diagnosing epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Recent research has also suggested that EEG can be used to detect migraine, although the findings in this area are still being investigated. The aim of this study is to review the use of EEG in detecting migraine in past and recent investigations. EEG has been used in migraine studies since the early 20th century, and subsequent studies have explored its use in understanding the pathophysiology of migraine and developing new treatments for the condition. Abnormal EEG patterns, including increased theta and delta activity and decreased alpha and beta activity, have been found in migraine patients during attacks. Studies have shown that EEG can be used to detect migraine and identify specific EEG biomarkers of the condition. Resting-state functional connectivity and altered connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex have been linked to migraine chronification and may predict treatment outcomes in patients with chronic migraine. However, the specificity of EEG in diagnosing migraine is low, and more research is needed to determine its diagnostic utility.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infection in Terms of The Physical Environment in Jatimulya Village
Authors: Shihran Laviany Putri , Sinaga Evi Susanti
Published: February 2024

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is currently a global primary health problem. WHO 2016 data shows that the incidence of ARI and the under-5 mortality rate are estimated at >40/1000 live births, or 15%-20% per year in the under-five group. ARI is an inflammatory reaction in the upper or lower respiratory tract. The risk of ARI occurring depends on three factors: the individual, behaviour, and environmental conditions. Environmental factors include lighting, humidity, area of ventilation or windows, types of walls, floors, roofs, and the distance from the house to the main road. Environmental factors, especially the house’s physical condition, are closely related to the magnitude of the community's risk of ARI. This study used a cross-sectional design. It was carried out in October 2022 and involved 148 mothers with toddlers in Jatimulya Village, Bekasi Regency. The instruments used were a rolling meter, a hygrometer, and a questionnaire with univariate and bivariate analysis. A chi-square test was used to determine whether there was a relationship. From the analysis results, it was found that the window width (p = 0.000) and humidity (p = 0.000) were related to the incidence of ARI, and the results were not related to the type of house wall (p = 0.069), the type of floor of the house (p = 0.196), and the distance between the house and the main road (p = 0.144) with the incidence of ARI. There is a significant relationship between window width and humidity and the incidence of ARI in toddlers, but there is no significant relationship between the type of wall, the type of floor, or the distance from the house to the main road.
The Impact of Birth Order and Parenting Style on Sibling Rivalry Among Pre-school children
Authors: Suci Helmanis
Published: February 2024

Sibling rivalry is an important aspect of child development and family dynamics, and understanding its prevalence, incidence, and risk factor is essential for addressing the potential negative effects on a child's emotional and social well-being. This study aims to determine the correlation between birth order and parenting style and sibling rivalry at Surau Gadang Subdistrict, Siteba, Padang City, Indonesia. A cross-sectional design was implemented. A simple random sampling technique was utilized for this research. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate. The results showed that more than half of the respondents (65.8%) whose parenting style was authoritarian experienced sibling competition. A total of 85 respondents to this study, with an average age of 37.2 years. We found that birth order (p-value=0.018), parenting style (p-value=0.040) have a significant correlation with sibling rivalry. Prior to becoming a parent, it is crucial to engage in thorough preparation. A health worker in a public health center should give information not only about health but also about parenting skills.

Keywords: sibling rivalry, birth order, parenting style
Stand-Alone Facial Gestures as Other-Initiations of Repair
Authors: Stolle Sarah I. , Pfeiffer Martin
Published: February 2024

Based on video recordings of everyday German face-to-face interaction, we focus on how eyebrow furrows, eyebrow raising, eye widening, and freeze-look are used without co-occurring verbal repair initiations to indicate a problem in another participant’s turn. Unlike verbal initiations, facial other-initiations of repair only minimally disrupt the progressivity of interaction, since they can be used simultaneously with the emerging trouble-source turn and do not initiate a side sequence. Through their early positioning and their sequentially unobstructive character, facial other-initiations of repair systematically provide an occasion for the speaker of the repairable turn to carry out self-repair at the next transition-relevance place. Our findings point to the necessity of reconsidering traditional conceptualizations of the repair system in order to take bodily repair-initiating practices into account.
Parallel processing of quickly and slowly mobilized reserve vesicles in hippocampal synapses
Authors: Rodríguez Gotor Juan José , Mahfooz Kashif , Pérez-Otaño Isabel , Wesseling John F.
Published: February 2024

Vesicles within presynaptic terminals are thought to be segregated into a variety of readily releasable and reserve pools. The nature of the pools and tra
ffi
cking between them is not well understood, but pools that are slow to mobilize when synapses are active are often assumed to feed pools that are mobilized more quickly, in a series. However, electrophysiological studies of synaptic transmission have suggested instead a parallel organization where vesicles within slowly and quickly mobilized reserve pools would separately feed independent reluctant- and fast-releasing subdivisions of the readily releasable pool. Here we use FM-dyes to con
fi
rm the existence of multiple reserve pools at hippocampal synapses and a parallel organization that prevents intermixing between the pools, even when stimulation is intense enough to drive exocytosis at the maximum rate. The experiments additionally demonstrate extensive heterogeneity among synapses in the relative sizes of the slowly and quickly mobilized reserve pools, which suggests equivalent heterogeneity in the numbers of reluctant and fast-releasing readily releasable vesicles that may be relevant for understanding information processing and storage.
Reliable protein-protein docking with AlphaFold, Rosetta, and replica-exchange
Authors: Harmalkar Ameya , Lyskov Sergey , Gray Jeffrey J.
Published: February 2024

Despite the recent breakthrough of AlphaFold (AF) in the field of protein sequence-to-structure prediction, modeling protein interfaces and predicting protein complex structures remains challenging, especially when there is a significant conformational change in one or both binding partners. Prior studies have demonstrated that AF-multimer (AFm) can predict accurate protein complexes in only up to 43% of cases.
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In this work, we combine AlphaFold as a structural template generator with a physics-based replica exchange docking algorithm. Using a curated collection of 254 available protein targets with both unbound and bound structures, we first demonstrate that AlphaFold confidence measures (pLDDT) can be repurposed for estimating protein flexibility and docking accuracy for multimers. We incorporate these metrics within our ReplicaDock 2.0 protocol
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to complete a robust in-silico pipeline for accurate protein complex structure prediction. AlphaRED (AlphaFold-initiated Replica Exchange Docking) successfully docks failed AF predictions including 97 failure cases in Docking Benchmark Set 5.5. AlphaRED generates CAPRI acceptable-quality or better predictions for 66% of benchmark targets. Further, on a subset of antigen-antibody targets, which is challenging for AFm (19% success rate), AlphaRED demonstrates a success rate of 51%. This new strategy demonstrates the success possible by integrating deep-learning based architectures trained on evolutionary information with physics-based enhanced sampling. The pipeline is available at github.com/Graylab/AlphaRED.
Study on pyroptosis-related genes Casp8, Gsdmd and Trem2 in mice with cerebral infarction
Authors: Liang Shunli , Xu Linsheng , Xin Xilin , Zhang Rongbo , Wu You
Published: February 2024

Objective

Cerebral infarction is the main cause of death in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Our research aimed to screen and validate pyroptosis-related genes in cerebral infarction for the targeted therapy of cerebral infarction.

Methods and results

A total of 1,517 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by DESeq2 software analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis results indicated that genes of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice aged 3 months and 18 months were enriched in pyroptosis, respectively. Differentially expressed pyroptosis-related genes (including Aim2, Casp8, Gsdmd, Naip2, Naip5, Naip6 and Trem2) were obtained through intersection of DEGs and genes from pyroptosis Gene Ontology Term (GO:0070269), and they were up-regulated in the brain tissues of MCAO mice in GSE137482. In addition, Casp8, Gsdmd, and Trem2 were verified to be significantly up-regulated in MCAO mice in GSE93376. The evaluation of neurologic function and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining showed that the MCAO mouse models were successfully constructed. Meanwhile, the expressions of TNF-α, pyroptosis-related proteins, Casp8, Gsdmd and Trem2 in MCAO mice were significantly up-regulated. We selected Trem2 for subsequent functional analysis. OGD treatment of BV2 cell in vitro significantly upregulated the expressions of Trem2. Subsequent downregulation of Trem2 expression in OGD-BV2 cells further increased the level of pyroptosis. Therefore, Trem2 is a protective factor regulating pyroptosis, thus influencing the progression of cerebral infarction.

Conclusions

Casp8, Gsdmd and Trem2 can regulate pyroptosis, thus affecting cerebral infarction.
Seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation of Hieracium lucidum subsp. lucidum (Asteraceae), a critically endangered endemic taxon of the Sicilian flora
Authors: Gianguzzi Valeria , Di Gristina Emilio , Barone Giulio , Sottile Francesco , Domina Gianniantonio
Published: February 2024

Hieracium lucidum subsp. lucidum is a critically endangered endemic taxa of the Sicilian flora. It is a relict of the Tertiary period surviving on the cliffs of Monte Gallo (NW-Sicily). This research focused on finding the best protocols for seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation to contribute to ex situ conservation. Seed germination tests were carried out using constant temperatures of 15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C in continuous darkness and an alternating temperature of 30/15 °C (16 h/8 h, light/dark). The seeds had no dormancy, and a high germination capacity (70–95%) was obtained at all tested thermoperiods. The possibility of vegetative propagation of the taxon was evaluated through the rooting capacity of stem cuttings treated or not treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). All cuttings were treated with IBA rooted within 2 months, while only 50% of the untreated cuttings were rooted within a longer time. An efficient protocol for rapid in vitro propagation from leaf portions was developed. The response of explants was tested on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium and MS enriched with different types of cytokinins: 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and meta-Topolin (mT) in combination with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at the same concentration. The combination of mT (2 mg L−1) and 2,4-D (1 mg L−1) in the medium was the most effective and showed the highest percentage of callus induction and the mean number of regenerated shoots. The maximum rate of root regeneration and the maximum number and length of roots were obtained on hormone-free MS and MS enriched with IBA at concentrations of 1 mg L−1. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that H. lucidum subsp. lucidum can be successfully propagated using one of the tested techniques, subject to the availability of the material for reproduction.