bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-1-ones and their Ring-Opened Derivatives: Revisited Synthesis, 2D NMR and Crystal Structure
Authors: Bennamane Norah , Talhi Oualid , Silva Artur , Cherfaoui Brahim , Lakhdari Houria , Ameraoui Rachid , Almeida Paz Filipe , Bachari Khaldoun , Kirsch Gilbert , Nejar-Bellara Kolli
Published: July 2017

The synthesis of 2,3,4,5,10,11-hexahydro-1H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-1-ones was revisited and a catalyst-free method was established, by exploring the reactivity of 3-[(2-aminoaryl)amino]dimedones towards carbonylated electrophiles. 2D NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies were used to characterize the structures unequivocally and to review the mechanism leading to the formation of supposed positional isomers. The action of 3-[(2-aminoaryl)amino]dimedones on chromene-3-carboxylic acid, fumaryl, and oxalyl chloride has led to dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-1-one ring opening to produce novel Z-configured enaminone and linear diamides.
Base-Induced Cyclization of Active Methylene Isocyanides with Xanthate Esters: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 5-Alkoxy-4-(tosyl/ethoxycarbonyl)-1,3-thiazoles
Authors: Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal , Sadashiva Marilinganadoddi , Rajeev Narasimhamurthy , Swaroop Toreshettahally , Anil Seegehalli , Bommegowda Yadaganahalli
Published: July 2017

Sodium hydride-induced cyclization of 1-[(isocyanomethyl)sulfonyl]-4-methylbenzene or ethyl isocyanoacetate with various xanthate esters gave 5-alkoxy-4-tosylthiazoles or ethyl 5-alkoxythiazol-4-ylcarboxylates, respectively, in good to excellent yields. The xanthate ester S-methyl O-phenyl dithiocarbonate gave 5-(methylsulfanyl)-4-tosyl-1,3-thiazole when treated with 1-[(isocyanomethyl)sulfonyl]-4-methylbenzene under similar conditions.
Outcomes of Infants Who Failed to Extubate despite Systemic Corticosteroids
Authors: Lewis Tamorah , Oschman Alexandra , Dai Hong , Brophy Katie , Norberg Michael , Nyp Michael , Truog William , Cuna Alain
Published: July 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of preterm infants who failed to extubate following initial treatment with steroids.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of ventilator-dependent preterm infants treated with first course of systemic steroids to facilitate extubation. Outcomes of infants who successfully extubated were compared with infants who failed to extubate.

Results In this study, 74 infants (mean gestation 25.4 ± 1.4 weeks and mean birth weight 764 ± 163 g) met inclusion criteria. Of these, 41 (55%) were successfully extubated and 33 (45%) were not. Baseline demographics were similar between the two groups. The primary outcome of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death at 36 weeks was higher among infants who failed to extubate (94 vs. 63%, p = 0.002). Severe BPD remained significantly higher even after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio: 12.2, 95% confidence interval: 2.1–70.5, p = 0.005). Extubation failure was also associated with substantially higher rate of tracheostomy (32 vs. 5%, p = 0.003) and gastrostomy tube placement (61 vs. 22%, p = 0.001), as well as longer days of hospitalization (179 ± 72 vs. 129 ± 44 days, p = 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (112 ± 89 vs. 52 ± 42 days, p < 0.001).

Conclusion Failure to extubate after first course of systemic steroids for BPD is associated with poor prognostic implications.
RBP4/Lp-PLA2/Netrin-1 signaling regulation of cognitive dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy complicated with silent cerebral infarction
Authors: Chen Danyan , Huang Xiaolong , Lu Song , Deng Huacong , Gan Hua , Du Xiaogang , Weixue Tang
Published: July 2017

Aim To investigate the RBP4/Lp-PLA2/Netrin-1 signal regulation of cognitive function impairment in diabetic nephropathy patients with silent cerebral infarction (SCI).

Methods One-hundred patients newly diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy patients were included. The patients were divided into SCI group and NSCI group according to the radiological data. The degrees of cognitive dysfunction were evaluated. Serum RBP4 concentrations were determined by ELISA and protein expressions of Lp-PLA2 and Netrin-1 were determined by Western Blot.

Results Compared with NSCI group, the cognitive function of patients in SCI group was impaired, the concentrations of RBP4 and the expressions of Lp-PLA2 and Netrin-1 increased (P<0.05). RBP4 concentrations were positively correlated with the cognitive dysfunction of SCI patients. Moreover, there existed a regression correlation between them.

Conclusion RBP4 may be used as a predictive factor of diabetic nephropathy patients complicated with SCI and is positively correlated with cognitive dysfunction. RBP4/Lp-PLA2/Netrin-1 pathway activation may be one of the occurrence mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy complicated with SCI.
Switching from Premixed Insulin To Basal Insulin Analogue For Type 2 Diabetes and Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors
Authors: Gómez-Peralta Fernando , Abreu Cristina , Mora-Navarro Gustavo , López-Morandeira Pilar , Pérez-Gutierrez Esteban , Cordero-García Blanca , Brito-Sanfiel Miguel
Published: July 2017

Introduction This study aimed to confirm the usefulness of basal insulin analogue plus oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) for type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients inadequately controlled with premixed insulin with/without OADs and assess the role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors within this regimen in clinical practice.

Methods Spanish retrospective observational study that included 186 T2D patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >7% (53 mmol/mol) despite premixed insulin with/without OADs who had been switched to basal insulin analogue plus OADs. Study data describing the situation before the treatment switch and 6 months later was retrospectively retrieved from patients’ medical charts.

Results Switching to a basal insulin plus OADs decreased HbA1c (−1.0%, p<0.001), fasting (−38.1 mg/dl, p<0.001) and postprandial glycemia (−36.1 mg/dl, p<0.001), with reduced body weight (−1.1 kg, p<0.001) and hypoglycemic episodes (−17.5%, p<0.001). 68 (36.6%) patients received a basal insulin plus DPP-4 inhibitor±metformin and 74 (39.8%) plus metformin only. The DPP-4 inhibitor±metformin group showed a greater HbA1c reduction than the metformin group (1.3±1.4% vs. 0.9±1.0%, p=0.022), with no significant differences between groups in hypoglycemic episodes.

Conclusions Basal insulin analogue plus OADs may be a useful treatment for type 2 diabetes patients inadequately controlled with premixed insulin. Administering DPP-4 inhibitors within this regimen may contribute to improve patients’ glycemia, with a favorable weight-change profile and without increasing hypoglycemia risk.
Bio-inspired piezoelectric linear motor driven by a single-phase harmonic wave with an asymmetric stator
Authors: Pan Qiaosheng , Miao Enming , Wu Bingxuan , Chen Weikang , Lei Xiujun , He Liangguo
Published: July 2017

A novel, bio-inspired, single-phase driven piezoelectric linear motor (PLM) using an asymmetric stator was designed, fabricated, and tested to avoid mode degeneracy and to simplify the drive mechanism of a piezoelectric motor. A piezoelectric transducer composed of two piezoelectric stacks and a displacement amplifier was used as the driving element of the PLM. Two simple and specially designed claws performed elliptical motion. A numerical simulation was performed to design the stator and determine the feasibility of the design mechanism of the PLM. Moreover, an experimental setup was built to validate the working principles, as well as to evaluate the performance, of the PLM. The prototype motor outputs a no-load speed of 233.7 mm/s at a voltage of 180 Vp-p and a maximum thrust force of 2.3 N under a preload of 10 N. This study verified the feasibility of the proposed design and provided a method to simplify the driving harmonic signal and structure of PLMs.
High-throughput heterodyne thermoreflectance: Application to thermal conductivity measurements of a Fe–Si–Ge thin film alloy library
Authors: d’Acremont Quentin , Pernot Gilles , Rampnoux Jean-Michel , Furlan Andrej , Lacroix David , Ludwig Alfred , Dilhaire Stefan
Published: July 2017

A High-Throughput Time-Domain ThermoReflectance (HT-TDTR) technique was developed to perform fast thermal conductivity measurements with minimum user actions required. This new setup is based on a heterodyne picosecond thermoreflectance system. The use of two different laser oscillators has been proven to reduce the acquisition time by two orders of magnitude and avoid the experimental artefacts usually induced by moving the elements present in TDTR systems. An amplitude modulation associated to a lock-in detection scheme is included to maintain a high sensitivity to thermal properties. We demonstrate the capabilities of the HT-TDTR setup to perform high-throughput thermal analysis by mapping thermal conductivity and interface resistances of a ternary thin film silicide library FexSiyGe100−x−y (20<x,y<80) deposited by wedge-type multi-layer method on a 100 mm diameter sapphire wafer offering more than 300 analysis areas of different ternary alloy compositions.
Ab initio interatomic potentials and the thermodynamic properties of fluids
Authors: Vlasiuk Maryna , Sadus Richard J.
Published: July 2017

Monte Carlo simulations with accurate ab initio interatomic potentials are used to investigate the key thermodynamic properties of argon and krypton in both vapor and liquid phases. Data are reported for the isochoric and isobaric heat capacities, the Joule-Thomson coefficient, and the speed of sound calculated using various two-body interatomic potentials and different combinations of two-body plus three-body terms. The results are compared to either experimental or reference data at state points between the triple and critical points. Using accurate two-body ab initio potentials, combined with three-body interaction terms such as the Axilrod-Teller-Muto and Marcelli-Wang-Sadus potentials, yields systematic improvements to the accuracy of thermodynamic predictions. The effect of three-body interactions is to lower the isochoric and isobaric heat capacities and increase both the Joule-Thomson coefficient and speed of sound. The Marcelli-Wang-Sadus potential is a computationally inexpensive way to utilize accurate two-body ab initio potentials for the prediction of thermodynamic properties. In particular, it provides a very effective way of extending two-body ab initio potentials to liquid phase properties.
Marangoni effects on a thin liquid film coating a sphere with axial or radial thermal gradients
Authors: Kang Di , Nadim Ali , Chugunova Marina
Published: July 2017

We study the time evolution of a thin liquid film coating the outer surface of a sphere in the presence of gravity, surface tension, and thermal gradients. We derive the fourth-order nonlinear partial differential equation that models the thin film dynamics, including Marangoni terms arising from the dependence of surface tension σ on temperature T. We consider two different imposed temperature distributions with axial or radial thermal gradients. We analyze the stability of a uniform coating under small perturbations and carry out numerical simulations in COMSOL for a range of parameter values. In the case of an axial temperature gradient, we find steady states either with uniform film thickness or with the fluid accumulating at the bottom or near the top of the sphere, depending on the total volume of liquid in the film, dictating whether gravity or Marangoni effects dominate. This suggests a potential method for the indirect measurement of dσ/dT by monitoring the thickness profile of the thin film. In the case of a radial temperature gradient, a stability analysis reveals the most unstable non-axisymmetric modes on an initially uniform coating film.
Public goods games on adaptive coevolutionary networks
Authors: Pichler Elgar , Shapiro Avi M.
Published: July 2017

Productive societies feature high levels of cooperation and strong connections between individuals. Public Goods Games (PGGs) are frequently used to study the development of social connections and cooperative behavior in model societies. In such games, contributions to the public good are made only by cooperators, while all players, including defectors, reap public goods benefits, which are shares of the contributions amplified by a synergy factor. Classic results of game theory show that mutual defection, as opposed to cooperation, is the Nash Equilibrium of PGGs in well-mixed populations, where each player interacts with all others. In this paper, we explore the coevolutionary dynamics of a low information public goods game on a complex network in which players adapt to their environment in order to increase individual payoffs relative to past payoffs parameterized by greediness. Players adapt by changing their strategies, either to cooperate or to defect, and by altering their social connections. We find that even if players do not know other players' strategies and connectivity, cooperation can arise and persist despite large short-term fluctuations.
Dynamics and structural behavior of water in large confinement with planar amorphous walls
Authors: Ferrara C. Gastón , Grigera Tomás S.
Published: July 2017

We study the structure and dynamics of liquid water confined between planar amorphous walls using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We report MD results for systems of more than 23 000 SPC/E water molecules confined between two hydrophilic or hydrophobic walls, separated by distances of about 15 nm. We find that the walls induce ordering of the liquid and slow down the dynamics, affecting the properties of the confined water up to distances of about 8 nm at 275 K. We quantify this influence by computing dynamic and static penetration lengths and studying their temperature dependence. Our results indicate that in the temperature range considered, hydrophobic walls perturb static properties over larger lengths compared to hydrophilic walls. We also find opposite temperature trends in the dynamic penetration lengths, with hydrophobic walls increasing their range of influence on increasing the temperature.
Transverse Kerr effect in magnetic (Ga, Mn)As-based semiconductors and its applicability in waveguide isolators
Authors: Wagenknecht D. , Schmoranzerová E. , Trojánek F. , Němec P. , Ostatnický T.
Published: July 2017

We report on the measurement of transverse Kerr effect in a diluted magnetic semiconductor Ga1−xMnxAs in visible and near infra-red spectral ranges. The relative change of reflectivity upon the change of the magnetization orientation is as large as 2%, the same order of magnitude as the response of ferromagnetic metals in the visible light. The experimental data are modeled by theoretical calculations, showing a very good match between the theory and the experiment. We further use the theoretical model in order to predict nonreciprocal losses in a planar waveguide. The predicted nonreciprocal losses are an order of magnitude larger as compared to devices with a Co/Fe ferromagnetic layer reported so far.
High energy density physics issues related to Future Circular Collider
Authors: Tahir N. A. , Burkart F. , Schmidt R. , Shutov A. , Wollmann D. , Piriz A. R.
Published: July 2017

A design study for a post-Large Hadron Collider accelerator named, Future Circular Collider (FCC), is being carried out by the International Scientific Community. A complete design report is expected to be ready by spring 2018. The FCC will accelerate two counter rotating beams of 50 TeV protons in a tunnel having a length (circumference) of 100 km. Each beam will be comprised of 10 600 proton bunches, with each bunch having an intensity of 1011 protons. The bunch length is of 0.5 ns, and two neighboring bunches are separated by 25 ns. Although there is an option for 5 ns bunch separation as well, in the present studies, we consider the former case only. The total energy stored in each FCC beam is about 8.5 GJ, which is equivalent to the kinetic energy of Airbus 380 (560 t) flying at a speed of 850 km/h. Machine protection is a very important issue while operating with such powerful beams. It is important to have an estimate of the damage caused to the equipment and accelerator components due to the accidental release of a partial or total beam at a given point. For this purpose, we carried out numerical simulations of full impact of one FCC beam on an extended solid copper target. These simulations have been done employing an energy deposition code, FLUKA, and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic code, BIG2, iteratively. This study shows that although the static range of a single FCC proton and its shower is about 1.5 m in solid copper, the entire beam will penetrate around 350 m into the target. This substantial increase in the range is due to the hydrodynamic tunneling of the beam. Our calculations also show that a large part of the target will be converted into high energy density matter including warm dense matter and strongly coupled plasmas.
Turbulent contributions to Ohm's law in axisymmetric magnetized plasmas
Authors: Chavdarovski I. , Gatto R.
Published: July 2017

The effect of magnetic turbulence in shaping the current density in axisymmetric magnetized plasmas is analyzed using a turbulent extension of Ohm's law derived from the self-consistent action-angle transport theory. Besides the well-known hyper-resistive (helicity-conserving) contribution, the generalized Ohm's law contains an anomalous resistivity term and a turbulent bootstrap-like term proportional to the current density derivative. The numerical solution of the equation for equilibrium and turbulence profiles characteristic of conventional and advanced scenarios shows that, through the “turbulent bootstrap” effect and anomalous resistivity, power and parallel current can be generated which are a sizable portion (about 20%–25%) of the corresponding effects associated with the neoclassical bootstrap effect. The degree of alignment of the turbulence peak and the pressure gradient plays an important role in defining the steady-state regime. In a fully bootstrapped tokamak, the hyper-resistivity is essential in overcoming the intrinsic limitation of the hollow current profile.
An iterative method for hydrodynamic interactions in Brownian dynamics simulations of polymer dynamics
Authors: Miao Linling , Young Charles D. , Sing Charles E.
Published: July 2017

Brownian Dynamics (BD) simulations are a standard tool for understanding the dynamics of polymers in and out of equilibrium. Quantitative comparison can be made to rheological measurements of dilute polymer solutions, as well as direct visual observations of fluorescently labeled DNA. The primary computational challenge with BD is the expensive calculation of hydrodynamic interactions (HI), which are necessary to capture physically realistic dynamics. The full HI calculation, performed via a Cholesky decomposition every time step, scales with the length of the polymer as O(N3). This limits the calculation to a few hundred simulated particles. A number of approximations in the literature can lower this scaling to O(N2 – N2.25), and explicit solvent methods scale as O(N); however both incur a significant constant per-time step computational cost. Despite this progress, there remains a need for new or alternative methods of calculating hydrodynamic interactions; large polymer chains or semidilute polymer solutions remain computationally expensive. In this paper, we introduce an alternative method for calculating approximate hydrodynamic interactions. Our method relies on an iterative scheme to establish self-consistency between a hydrodynamic matrix that is averaged over simulation and the hydrodynamic matrix used to run the simulation. Comparison to standard BD simulation and polymer theory results demonstrates that this method quantitatively captures both equilibrium and steady-state dynamics after only a few iterations. The use of an averaged hydrodynamic matrix allows the computationally expensive Brownian noise calculation to be performed infrequently, so that it is no longer the bottleneck of the simulation calculations. We also investigate limitations of this conformational averaging approach in ring polymers.
Improvement of minority carrier lifetime and conversion efficiency by Na incorporation in Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells
Authors: Tampo Hitoshi , Kim Kang Min , Kim Shinho , Shibata Hajime , Niki Shigeru
Published: July 2017

The effect of Na incorporation in Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) solar cells grown by the coevaporation method was investigated via photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL (TRPL) measurements as well as photovoltaic properties. The TRPL decay curves showed a monotonic increase in CZTSe lifetime from 2 to 15 ns with increasing Na incorporation, which corresponds to the increase in the correction length estimated by quantum efficiency measurements. The TRPL decay curves included two decay components, fast and slow, which were discussed and concluded as originating from the recombination at the surface and bulk of CZTSe, respectively, which is also supported by TPRL measurements with various excitation wavelengths. The lifetime of CZTSe is limited by the surface-related nonradiative recombination compared to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 devices which are fabricated with the same device structure except for the absorber, and at present, it is concluded that the surface recombination of the CZTSe limits the cell performance. In addition to the above investigations, the relationship between the CZTSe bulk lifetime and carrier concentration is discussed; deep nonradiative recombination centers in the CZTSe bulk were found to decrease by one order of magnitude with Na incorporation. The Na incorporation primarily resulted in improvement in the short circuit current density and fill factor and not in the open circuit voltage, and the results are discussed. The best performing CZTSe solar cell with Na incorporation showed a conversion efficiency of 9.57%.
The α-γ-ε triple point and phase boundaries of iron under shock compression
Authors: Li Jun , Wu Qiang , Xue Tao , Geng Huayun , Yu Jidong , Jin Ke , Li Jiabo , Tan Ye , Xi Feng
Published: July 2017

The phase transition of iron under shock compression has attracted much attention in recent decades because of its importance in fields such as condensed matter physics, geophysics, and metallurgy. At room temperature, the transition of iron from the α-phase (bcc) to the ε-phase (hpc) occurs at a stress of 13 GPa. At high temperature, a triple point followed by transformation to the γ-phase (fcc) is expected. However, the details of the high-temperature phase transitions of iron are still under debate. Here, we investigate the phase-transition behavior of polycrystalline iron under compression from room temperature to 820 K. The results show that the shock-induced phase transition is determined unequivocally from the measured three-wave-structure profiles, which clearly consist of an elastic wave, a plastic wave, and a phase-transition wave. The phase transition is temperature-dependent, with an average rate Δσtr/ΔT of −6.91 MPa/K below 700 K and −34.7 MPa/K at higher temperatures. The shock α-ε and α-γ phase boundaries intersect at 10.6 ± 0.53 GPa and 763 K, which agrees with the α-ε-γ triple point from early shock wave experiments and recent laser-heated diamond-anvil cell resistivity and in situ X-ray diffraction data but disagrees with the shock pressure–temperature phase diagram reported in 2009 by Zaretsky [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 023510 (2009)].
Prospects of extreme ultraviolet radiation sources based on microwave discharge for high-resolution lithography
Authors: Abramov I. S. , Gospodchikov E. D. , Shalashov A. G.
Published: July 2017

In this paper, inspired by the success of recent experiments, we discuss a new possible type of sources of extreme ultraviolet radiation for the semiconductor industry, based on the radiating plasma with multiply charged ions supported in a mirror magnetic trap by high-power microwaves. We propose a simple theory that describes the main features of such source, perform modeling for a wide range of plasma parameters and magnetic configurations, compare the results to the existing experimental data, and study the prospects of the new scheme in present technological circumstances.
Stabilization of ferroelectric phase in tungsten capped Hf0.8Zr0.2O2
Authors: Karbasian Golnaz , dos Reis Roberto , Yadav Ajay K. , Tan Ava J. , Hu Chenming , Salahuddin Sayeef
Published: July 2017

We report on the stabilization of the ferroelectric phase in Hf0.8Zr0.2O2 with a tungsten capping layer. Ferroelectricity is obtained in both metal-insulator-metal (MIM) and metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors with highly-doped Si serving as the bottom electrode in the MIS structure. Ferroelectricity is confirmed from both the electrical polarization-voltage (P-V) measurement and X-Ray Diffraction analysis that shows the presence of an orthorhombic phase. High-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy show minimal diffusion of W into the underlying Hf0.8Zr0.2O2 after the crystallization anneal. This is in contrast to significant Ti and N diffusion observed in ferroelectric HfxZr1-xO2 commonly capped with TiN.
Realizing high figure-of-merit in Cu2Te using a combination of doping, hierarchical structure, and simple processing
Authors: Mallick Md. Mofasser , Vitta Satish
Published: July 2017

The Cu2Te chalcogenide alloy is doped with 2 at. % Ni to increase the charge carrier concentration and then is further doped with 3 at. % Se to reduce the thermal conductivity. The alloys processing is kept simple–vacuum arc melting only to make a dense alloy for characterization. This also results in retaining the as-solidified highly layered structure. The alloys are found to have two polymorphic forms: hexagonal and orthorhombic at room temperature with a superstructure. The fractured surface shows clearly the layered structure with ∼300 nm thick platelet like features stacked together to form large defect free grains. The electrical conductivity increases to ∼7 × 103 S cm−1 due to Ni-doping compared to ∼5 × 103 S cm−1 for the undoped alloy at room temperature. This however decreases to ∼2.5 × 103 S cm−1 due to double doping, i.e., Ni and Se. In both cases, the alloys exhibit a weak metallic behavior with the conductivity decreasing with increasing temperature. The Seebeck coefficient however increases with temperature and with double doping resulting in the highest Seebeck coefficient, which increases from 40 μVK−1 to 110 μVK−1 when the temperature varies from 300 K to 1000 K. The hole carrier concentration in the two alloys, Ni-doped and double doped, is found to be nearly identical, 7 × 1020 cm−3 and 8.52 × 1020 cm−3, respectively, while the mobility of carriers decreased by 5 times from 283 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 52 cm2 V−1 s−1 due to double doping. These factors together with multiple scale phonon scattering resulted in the double doped alloy having the lowest thermal conductivity in the range of 1–2 Wm−1 K−1 in the complete temperature range. The thermal conductivity reduction due to the layered structure and alloy scattering results in increasing the figure of merit zT steeply to 0.65 at 950 K which at 1100 K can reach 1.0.
Orientation dependence of magnetoelectric coefficient in BaTiO3/CoFe2O4
Authors: Jian Gang , Wong Ching Ping
Published: July 2017

Using the three-dimensional space coordinate transformation approach, orientation dependence of the longitudinal magnetoelectric coefficient αE33 in tetragonal BaTiO3/face centered cubic (fcc) CoFe2O4 composites was calculated in arbitrary directions. A clamp-free condition is used in the calculation. The direction along which αE33 is maximum is a function of psij, pεij, dij of piezoelectric phase and msij, mμij, qij of magnetostrictive phase referred to the crystallographic coordinate system. For a fixed CoFe2O4 orientation, the maximum αE33 lies along [001] axis of BaTiO3. And for a fixed BaTiO3 orientation, the maximum αE33 lies along [001] axis and a large αE33 also lies along [11l] (l > 0) of CoFe2O4. BaTiO3 || [001]/CoFe2O4 || [001] combination has the maximum αE33 which is 641 mV/cm Oe. The maximum αE33 is about 2 times of that of random orientated materials. Volume fraction is quite independent of orientation changes of both piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases and the volume fraction for magnetostrictive phase f around 0.76 obtains the largest αE33. Our results suggest an approach of significantly enhancing magnetoelectric coefficient of composite multiferroic materials through crystal orientation and texture engineering.
Energy extraction performance of motion-constrained tandem oscillating hydrofoils
Authors: Xu Jianan , Tan Songlin , Guan Daitao , Ali Rafaqat , Zhang Liang
Published: July 2017

An energy extraction technology based on motion-constrained tandem oscillating hydrofoils is presented in this paper. The turbine for extracting energy from the flow field is designed and built based on the measured frequency and energy extraction performance analysis of motion-constrained tandem oscillating hydrofoils. The instantaneous rotating speed and torque for the output shaft of the turbine are measured using a torque meter to determine the instantaneous power extracted by the turbine. Experimental results for this energy extraction turbine show that the optimal reduced frequency for both a single oscillating hydrofoil and tandem oscillating hydrofoils is about 0.1 and that the cycle-averaged energy extraction efficiency of the turbine with motion-constrained tandem oscillating hydrofoils reaches 29.2%.
Soil mineral nitrogen benefits derived from legumes and comparisons of the apparent recovery of legume or fertiliser nitrogen by wheat
Authors: Peoples Mark B. , Swan Antony D. , Goward Laura , Kirkegaard John A. , Hunt James R. , Li Guangdi D. , Schwenke Graeme D. , Herridge David F. , Moodie Michael , Wilhelm Nigel , Potter Trent , Denton Matthew D. , Browne Claire , Phillips Lori A. , Khan Dil Fayaz
Published: July 2017

Nitrogen (N) contributed by legumes is an important component of N supply to subsequent cereal crops, yet few Australian grain-growers routinely monitor soil mineral N before applying N fertiliser. Soil and crop N data from 16 dryland experiments conducted in eastern Australia from 1989–2016 were examined to explore the possibility of developing simple predictive relationships to assist farmer decision-making. In each experiment, legume crops were harvested for grain or brown-manured (BM, terminated before maturity with herbicide), and wheat, barley or canola were grown.
Soil mineral N measured immediately before sowing wheat in the following year was significantly higher (P < 0.05) after 31 of the 33 legume pre-cropping treatments than adjacent non-legume controls. The average improvements in soil mineral N were greater for legume BM (60 ± 16 kg N/ha; n = 5) than grain crops (35 ± 20 kg N/ha; n = 26), but soil N benefits were similar when expressed on the basis of summer fallow rainfall (0.15 ± 0.09 kg N/ha per mm), residual legume shoot dry matter (9 ± 5 kg N/ha per t/ha), or total legume residue N (28 ± 11%). Legume grain crops increased soil mineral N by 18 ± 9 kg N/ha per t/ha grain harvested.
Apparent recovery of legume residue N by wheat averaged 30 ± 10% for 20 legume treatments in a subset of eight experiments. Apparent recovery of fertiliser N in the absence of legumes in two of these experiments was 64 ± 16% of the 51–75 kg fertiliser-N/ha supplied.
The 25 year dataset provided new insights into the expected availability of soil mineral N after legumes and the relative value of legume N to a following wheat crop, which can guide farmer decisions regarding N fertiliser use.
Can nitrogen fertiliser maintain wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain protein concentration in an elevated CO2 environment?
Authors: Walker Cassandra , Armstrong Roger , Panozzo Joe , Partington Debra , Fitzgerald Glenn
Published: July 2017

The effect of different nitrogen (N) management strategies (i.e. N rate; 0, 25, 50, 100 kg ha–1, split N application, foliar N application, legume precropping) were assessed for how they may reverse the reduction of grain protein concentration (GPC) under elevated CO2 (eCO2; 550 µmol mol–1) of wheat (cv. Yitpi) using the Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment facility. GPC did not increase significantly under eCO2 for most of the N management strategies assessed when compared with ambient CO2 (aCO2; 390 µmol mol–1). Grain yield of cv. Yitpi under aCO2 increased by 43% (P < 0.001) with application of 100 kg N ha–1 when compared with 0 kg N ha–1 at sowing; this response was approximately double (82%) when 100 kg N ha–1 was applied under eCO2 conditions. Under aCO2 conditions, by adding 100 kg N ha–1 at sowing, the GPC increased by 37% compared with the GPC at N0; whereas under eCO2 conditions, by adding the same quantity of N fertiliser, the GPC increased by only 28%. The highest level of N applied (100 kg ha–1), chosen for economic and practical reasons in a low-rainfall, yield-limiting environment, was lower than that reported in other global studies (250–350 kg ha–1). In a low-rainfall, yield-limiting environment, it is not practical to increase GPC by applying N alone; new cultivars may be required if grain growers are to maintain grain protein (and functionality) in the future as CO2 levels continue to increase.
Long-term use of green manure legume and chemical fertiliser affect soil bacterial community structures but not the rate of soil nitrate decrease when excess carbon and nitrogen are applied
Authors: Toda Misato , Uchida Yoshitaka
Published: July 2017

Legumes add not only nitrogen (N), but also carbon (C) to soils, so their effects on the soil microbial community may be different from those of chemical fertiliser. Soil microbes often compete with plants for N when excess C is applied due to their increased N immobilisation potentials and denitrification. In the present study we evaluated the effects of the 9-year use of a green manure legume (hairy vetch; Vicia villosa) in a greenhouse tomato system on soil microbial community structures as well as on the decrease of nitrate when rice straw was incorporated into the soil. Soil microbial community structures and their diversity were altered by the long-term use of legumes. The ratios of Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Proteobacteria increased in the hairy vetch soils. The rates of decrease in nitrate were similar in soils with a history of chemical fertiliser and hairy vetch, following the addition of rice straw. In addition, during incubation with added rice straw, the difference between the two soil microbial community structures became less clear within 2 weeks. Thus, we conclude that even though growing a green manure legume changed soil bacterial community structures, this did not result in relatively faster loss of available N for plants when rice straw was added to the soils.
Loss of clusterin shifts amyloid deposition to the cerebrovasculature via disruption of perivascular drainage pathways
Authors: Wojtas Aleksandra M. , Kang Silvia S. , Olley Benjamin M. , Gatherer Maureen , Shinohara Mitsuru , Lozano Patricia A. , Liu Chia-Chen , Kurti Aishe , Baker Kelsey E. , Dickson Dennis W. , Yue Mei , Petrucelli Leonard , Bu Guojun , Carare Roxana O. , Fryer John D.
Published: July 2017

Significance

Deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in the form of parenchymal plaques and Aβ accumulation in the walls of cerebral vessels as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The clusterin (
CLU
) gene, which confers AD risk, is associated with amyloid deposition. Here we show that loss of CLU promotes cerebrovascular CAA, yet significantly reduces the amount of parenchymal plaques by altering perivascular drainage of Aβ in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. The absence of CLU in these mice is associated with a lower number of hemorrhages and a decrease in inflammation. These results suggest that CLU functions as a major Aβ chaperone to maintain Aβ solubility along interstitial fluid drainage pathways and prevent CAA formation.
The chronicle of an ongoing crisis
Authors: Lykou Christina , Mitsikopoulou Bessie
Published: July 2017

This study explores media discourses and representations of Greece and Europe in the Greek press in the context of the recent socio-economic crisis. While several studies have explored the representation of Greece in the international press, very few have investigated the discursive construction of crisis in the Greek press. Theoretically and methodologically, the study draws on the tradition of critical discourse analysis, which it combines with corpus linguistics tools. The employed methodology is qualitative and interpretative in nature and attempts an analysis of media texts at a discoursal and grammatical level. The analysis is both synchronic and diachronic, following the development of the crisis through two newspapers, Kathimerini and Ta Nea, at different phases of the crisis.
The role of inferencing in the interpretation of two expressive speech act constructions
Authors: Panther Klaus-Uwe , Thornburg Linda L.
Published: July 2017

We analyze two illocutionary constructions, viz. an autonomous complement clause construction, instantiated by That it should come to this!, and a wh-interrogative construction, such as What do think you are doing? Both constructions convey emotive and evaluative senses and have a factual presupposition. Conceptually and pragmatically, they are members of a large family of expressive constructions, albeit morphosyntactically unrelated. The first construction is directly associated with a non-compositional illocutionary meaning. In contrast, the interpretation of the second construction requires a number of inferential steps leading from a still extant source meaning (neutral question) to a conventionalized indirect expressive and directive target meaning. The chapter finishes with some reflections on the relation between semantics and pragmatics as well as on the necessity of integrating an inferential component into cognitive linguistic theory.
Revisiting the English resultative family of constructions
Authors: Peña Cervel María Sandra
Published: July 2017

The resultative construction has spurred much debate over the last five decades. This proposal, which is embedded within the Cognitive Construction Grammar paradigm, provides a critical discussion on two fine-grained classifications of resultatives, Goldberg and Jackendoff’s (2004) and Luzondo’s (2014), in order to lay the foundations for a new taxonomy. The family of constructions put forward here benefits from both typologies by drawing on their main insights (the inclusion of the creation and transformation configurations as resultatives, or the constraining factors which license lexical constructional fusion) and by making up for some drawbacks (the status of the way construction as part of the broad family of resultatives) with the goal of achieving a greater degree of refinement and accuracy in the description of resultatives.
Effects of transition metal additions on double-oxide film defects in an Al–Si–Mg alloy
Authors: Griffiths W. D. , Caden A. J. , Chen Qi
Published: July 2017

Double oxide film defects have been associated with reduced mechanical properties and increased variability in properties in cast Al alloys. This paper explores the effects of the addition of around 0.4–0.5 wt-% of the transition metals Mo or W to an Al–7Si–0.3Mg alloy (2L99). The variability of tensile properties was significantly reduced, resulting in an approximate doubling of the values of the Weibull modulus of the ultimate tensile strength, and an increase of 10–20% in the Weibull modulus of the %Elongation. Scanning electron microscopy examination of the fracture surfaces revealed the presence of oxide films, as expected, but also found AlN. The mechanism(s) by which Mo or W additions improve mechanical properties has not been established, but the presence of AlN suggested the accelerated consumption of the internal atmosphere of the double oxide film defects, leading to a reduction in their size and hence their deleterious effects.

This paper is part of a thematic issue on Light Alloys.
TRIM9-dependent ubiquitination of DCC constrains kinase signaling, exocytosis, and axon branching
Authors: Plooster Melissa , Menon Shalini , Winkle Cortney C. , Urbina Fabio L. , Monkiewicz Caroline , Phend Kristen D. , Weinberg Richard J. , Gupton Stephanie L.
Published: July 2017

Extracellular netrin-1 and its receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) promote axon branching in developing cortical neurons. Netrin-dependent morphogenesis is preceded by multimerization of DCC, activation of FAK and Src family kinases, and increases in exocytic vesicle fusion, yet how these occurrences are linked is unknown. Here we demonstrate that tripartite motif protein 9 (TRIM9)-dependent ubiquitination of DCC blocks the interaction with and phosphorylation of FAK. Upon netrin-1 stimulation TRIM9 promotes DCC multimerization, but TRIM9-dependent ubiquitination of DCC is reduced, which promotes an interaction with FAK and subsequent FAK activation. We found that inhibition of FAK activity blocks elevated frequencies of exocytosis in vitro and elevated axon branching in vitro and in vivo. Although FAK inhibition decreased soluble N-ethylmaleimide attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-mediated exocytosis, assembled SNARE complexes and vesicles adjacent to the plasma membrane increased, suggesting a novel role for FAK in the progression from assembled SNARE complexes to vesicle fusion in developing murine neurons.
Activating transcription factor 3 promotes loss of the acinar cell phenotype in response to cerulein-induced pancreatitis in mice
Authors: Fazio Elena N. , Young Claire C. , Toma Jelena , Levy Michael , Berger Kurt R. , Johnson Charis L. , Mehmood Rashid , Swan Patrick , Chu Alphonse , Cregan Sean P. , Dilworth F. Jeffrey , Howlett Christopher J. , Pin Christopher L.
Published: July 2017

Pancreatitis is a debilitating disease of the exocrine pancreas that, under chronic conditions, is a major susceptibility factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although down-regulation of genes that promote the mature acinar cell fate is required to reduce injury associated with pancreatitis, the factors that promote this repression are unknown. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a key mediator of the unfolded protein response, a pathway rapidly activated during pancreatic insult. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing, we show that ATF3 is bound to the transcriptional regulatory regions of >30% of differentially expressed genes during the initiation of pancreatitis. Of importance, ATF3-dependent regulation of these genes was observed only upon induction of pancreatitis, with pathways involved in inflammation, acinar cell differentiation, and cell junctions being specifically targeted. Characterizing expression of transcription factors that affect acinar cell differentiation suggested that acinar cells lacking ATF3 maintain a mature cell phenotype during pancreatitis, a finding supported by maintenance of junctional proteins and polarity markers. As a result, Atf3–/–pancreatic tissue displayed increased tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration at early time points during injury but, at later time points, showed reduced acinar-to–duct cell metaplasia. Thus our results reveal a critical role for ATF3 as a key regulator of the acinar cell transcriptional response during injury and may provide a link between chronic pancreatitis and PDAC.
Arctic marine conservation is not prepared for the coming melt
Authors: Harris Peter T , Macmillan-Lawler Miles , Kullerud Lars , Rice Jake C
Published: July 2017

As the summer minimum in Arctic sea ice cover reduces in area year by year due to anthropogenic global climate change, so interest grows in the un-tapped oil, gas and fisheries resources that were previously concealed beneath. We show that existing marine protected areas in the Arctic Ocean offer little or no protection to many habitats and deep seafloor features that coincide spatially with areas likely to be of interest to industry. These habitats are globally unique, hosting Arctic species within pristine environments that are currently undergoing rapid adjustment to climate-induced changes in ocean dynamics, species migration and primary production. They are invaluable as reference points for conservation monitoring and assessment. The existing Arctic marine protected area network needs to be expanded in order to protect these habitats and be fully coordinated with other spatial and non-spatial measures intended to protect Arctic habitats and ensure any uses of Arctic marine or subsea resources are sustainable.
Debating the effectiveness of marine protected areas
Authors: Pendleton Linwood H , Ahmadia Gabby N , Browman Howard I , Thurstan Ruth H , Kaplan David M , Bartolino Valerio
Published: July 2017

Increasing the size and number of marine protected areas (MPAs) is widely seen as a way to meet ambitious biodiversity and sustainable development goals. Yet, debate still exists on the effectiveness of MPAs in achieving ecological and societal objectives. Although the literature provides significant evidence of the ecological effects of MPAs within their boundaries, much remains to be learned about the ecological and social effects of MPAs on regional and seascape scales. Key to improving the effectiveness of MPAs, and ensuring that they achieve desired outcomes, will be better monitoring that includes ecological and social data collected inside and outside of MPAs. This can lead to more conclusive evidence about what is working, what is not, and why. Eight authors were asked to write about their experiences with MPA effectiveness. The authors were instructed to clearly define “effectiveness” and discuss the degree to which they felt MPAs had achieved or failed to be effective. Essays were exchanged among authors and each was invited to write a shorter “counterpoint.” The exercise shows that, while experiences are diverse, many authors found common ground regarding the role of MPAs in achieving conservation targets. This exchange of perspectives is intended to promote reflection, analysis, and dialogue as a means for improving MPA design, assessment, and integration with other conservation tools.
Cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of cosmic growth and expansion
Authors: Moresco M. , Marulli F.
Published: July 2017

Combining measurements on the expansion history of the Universe and on the growth rate of cosmic structures is key to discriminate between alternative cosmological frameworks and to test gravity. Recently, Linder proposed a new diagram to investigate the joint evolutionary track of these two quantities. In this letter, we collect the most recent cosmic growth and expansion rate data sets to provide the state-of-the-art observational constraints on this diagram. By performing a joint statistical analysis of both probes, we test the standard Λcold dark matter model, confirming a mild tension between cosmic microwave background predictions from Planck mission and cosmic growth measurements at low redshift (z < 2). Then we test alternative models allowing the variation of one single cosmological parameter at a time. In particular, we find a larger growth index than the one predicted by general relativity $\gamma =0.65^{+0.05}_{-0.04}$. However, also a standard model with total neutrino mass of 0.26 ± 0.10 eV provides a similarly accurate description of the current data. By simulating an additional data set consistent with next-generation dark-energy mission forecasts, we show that growth rate constraints at z > 1 will be crucial to discriminate between alternative models.