bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The breaking of transient inertio-gravity waves in a shear flow using the Gaussian beam approximation
Authors: Rodas C. , Pulido M.
Published: October 2014

The propagation of transient inertio-gravity waves in a shear flow is examined using the Gaussian beam formulation. This formulation assumes Gaussian wavepackets in the spectral space and uses a second-order Taylor expansion of the phase of the wave field. In this sense, the Gaussian beam formulation is also an asymptotic approximation like spatial ray tracing; however, the first one is free of the singularities found in spatial ray tracing at caustics. Therefore, the Gaussian beam formulation permits the examination of the evolution of transient inertio-gravity wavepackets from the initial time up to the destabilization of the flow close to the critical levels. We show that the transience favours the development of the dynamical instability relative to the convective instability. In particular, there is a well-defined threshold for which small initial amplitude transient inertio-gravity waves never reach the convective instability criterion. This threshold does not exist for steady-state inertio-gravity waves for which the wave amplitude increases indefinitely towards the critical level. The Gaussian beam formulation is shown to be a powerful tool to treat analytically several aspects of inertio-gravity waves in simple shear flows. In more realistic shear flows, its numerical implementation is readily available and the required numerical calculations have a low computational cost.
Lyα Emitting Galaxies as a Probe of Reionisation
Authors: Dijkstra Mark
Published: October 2014

The Epoch of Reionization (EoR) represents a milestone in the evolution of our Universe. Star-forming galaxies that existed during the EoR likely emitted a significant fraction ( ~ 5 − 40%) of their bolometric luminosity as Lyα line emission. However, neutral intergalactic gas that existed during the EoR was opaque to Lyα emission that escaped from galaxies during this epoch, which makes it difficult to observe. The neutral intergalactic medium (IGM) may thus reveal itself by suppressing the Lyα flux from background galaxies. Interestingly, a ‘sudden’ reduction in the observed Lyα flux has now been observed in galaxies at z > 6. This review contains a detailed summary of Lyα radiative processes: I describe (i) the main Lyα emission processes, including collisional-excitation & recombination (and derive the origin of the famous factor ‘0.68’), and (ii) basic radiative transfer concepts, including e.g. partially coherent scattering, frequency diffusion, resonant versus wing scattering, optically thick versus ‘extremely’ optically thick (static/outflowing/collapsing) media, and multiphase media. Following this review, I derive expressions for the Gunn-Peterson optical depth of the IGM during (inhomogeneous) reionisation and post-reionisation. I then describe why current observations appear to require a very rapid evolution of volume-averaged neutral fraction of hydrogen in the context of realistic inhomogeneous reionisation models, and discuss uncertainties in this interpretation. Finally, I describe how existing & futures surveys and instruments can help reduce these uncertainties, and allow us to fully exploit Lyα emitting galaxies as a probe of the EoR.
High sodium intake during postnatal phases induces an increase in arterial blood pressure in adult rats
Authors: Moreira M. C. S. , da Silva E. F. , Silveira L. L. , de Paiva Y. B. , de Castro C. H. , Freiria-Oliveira A. H. , Rosa D. A. , Ferreira P. M. , Xavier C. H. , Colombari E. , Pedrino Gustavo R.
Published: October 2014

Epigenetic studies suggest that diseases that develop in adulthood are related to certain conditions to which the individual is exposed during the initial stages of life. Experimental evidence has demonstrated that offspring born to mothers maintained on high-Na diets during pregnancy have higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) in adulthood. Although these studies have demonstrated the importance of prenatal phases to hypertension development, no evidence regarding the role of high Na intake during postnatal phases in the development of this pathology has been reported. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of Na overload during childhood on induced water and Na intakes and on cardiovascular parameters in adulthood were evaluated. Experiments were carried out in two groups of 21-d-old rats: experimental group, maintained on hypertonic saline (0·3 m-NaCl) solution and food for 60 d, and control group, maintained on tap water and food. Later, both groups were given water and food for 15 d (recovery period). After the recovery period, chronic cannulation of the right femoral artery was performed in unanaesthetised rats to record baseline MAP and heart rate (HR). The experimental group was found to have increased basal MAP (98·6 (sem 2·6) v. 118·3 (sem 2·7) mmHg, P< 0·05) and HR (365·4 (sem 12·2) v. 398·2 (sem 7·5) beats per min, P< 0·05). There was a decrease in the baroreflex index in the experimental group when compared with that in the control group. A water and Na intake test was performed using furosemide. Na depletion was found to induce an increase in Na intake in both the control and experimental groups (12·1 (sem 0·6) ml and 7·8 (sem 1·1), respectively, P< 0·05); however, this increase was of lower magnitude in the experimental group. These results demonstrate that postnatal Na overload alters behavioural and cardiovascular regulation in adulthood.
Effect of maternal supplementation with seaweed extracts on growth performance and aspects of gastrointestinal health of newly weaned piglets after challenge with enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliK88
Authors: Heim G. , Sweeney T. , O'Shea C. J. , Doyle D. N. , O'Doherty J. V.
Published: October 2014

In the present study, a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal supplementation with seaweed extracts ( − SWEv.+SWE,n20) from day 83 of gestation until weaning (day 28) on post-weaning (PW) growth performance, faecal score, faecal enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) toxin quantification, intestinal histology and cytokine mRNA of unchallenged and ETEC-challenged pigs. Pigs were ETEC challenged on day 9 PW. There was a maternal treatment × challenge (SWE × ETEC) interaction effect on growth performance and faecal score (P< 0·05). Pigs from SWE-supplemented sows and ETEC-challenged (SE) had higher average daily gain (ADG) during 0–13 d PW and reduced faecal score during 0–72 h post-challenge than those from basal-fed sows and ETEC-challenged (BE) (P< 0·05). However, there was no difference between unchallenged pigs from the SWE-supplemented sows (SC) and basal-fed sows (BC) (P>0·10). Pigs from the SWE-supplemented sows had reduced heat-labile enterotoxin gene copy numbers than those from the basal-fed sows (P< 0·05). Maternal SWE supplementation increased the villus height in the ileum of pigs (P< 0·05). There was a SWE × ETEC interaction effect (P< 0·05) onIL-6mRNA and a SWE × gastrointestinal (GI) region interaction effect (P< 0·05) on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) andTNF-αmRNA.IL-6mRNA was down-regulated in SC pigs than BC pigs (P< 0·05). However, there was no difference inIL-6mRNA between SE and BE pigs. The mRNA ofTGF-β1andTNF-αwas down-regulated in the colon of pigs from the SWE-supplemented sows compared with those from the basal-fed sows (P< 0·05). However, there was no difference inTGF-β1andTNF-αmRNA in the ileum between the pigs from the SWE-supplemented sows and basal-fed sows. In conclusion, maternal SWE supplementation improves ADG and the aspects of GI health of weaned pigs following an ETEC challenge.
Bismarck and the German Interest in East Africa, 1884–1885
Authors: Meritt H. P.
Published: October 2014

On 27 February 1885, Kaiser Wilhelm I signed a Schutzbrief, or Imperial Charter, drafted under Bismarck's supervision at the Foreign Ministry, which placed about 60,000 square miles of east African territory under the protection of the German Reich. Incorporating the interior districts directly west of the island of Zanzibar, the German protectorate was based on treaties made with local chieftains late the previous autumn by Carl Peters, founder and co-director of the Gesellschaft für deutsche Kolonisation. Bismarck, in endorsing Peters' claims to territory in east Africa, approved as well the sending out of further expeditions. The eastern boundaries of the soon to be established Congo Free State were described as the anticipated limit of continued annexations which the German company was authorized to undertake at once.
Infection levels of plerocercoids of the tapewormTriaenophorus crassusand feeding strategy in two fish species from the ultra-oligotrophic Lake Achensee, Austria
Authors: Schähle Z. , Medgyesy N. , Psenner R.
Published: October 2014

Thus far, high burdens ofTriaenophorus crassusplerocercoids have been reported only in old age groups of coregonid and salmonid fishes. Here we show heavy infection withT. crassusin young whitefishCoregonus lavaretusin the ultra-oligotrophic and regulated Achensee in Tyrol, Austria. Prevalence ofT. crassusonC. lavaretuswas 100% in all age groups and abundance significantly increased with fish age. The mean annual accumulation ofT. crassuswas 5.2 parasites in 0- to 7-year-oldC. lavaretus, and 2-year-old specimens already harboured a mean of 19.4 plerocercoids. In Arctic charrSalvelinus umbla, however, the prevalence ofT. crassuswas less than 16% and the majority of infected fish contained only one or two plerocercoids.Triaenophorus nodulosuswas present neither inC. lavaretusnor inS. umbla. We assume that the heavyT. crassusinfection inC. lavaretusis largely related to their zooplankton-dominated diet and to the characteristics of Achensee, while habitat choice and feeding strategy of theS. umblapopulation are seen to be the main reasons for their low burdens ofT. crassus.
Genetic and environmental overlap between borderline personality disorder traits and psychopathy: evidence for promotive effects of factor 2 and protective effects of factor 1
Authors: Hunt E. , Bornovalova M. A. , Patrick C. J.
Published: October 2014

Background

Previous studies have reported strong genetic and environmental overlap between antisocial-externalizing (factor 2; F2) features of psychopathy and borderline personality disorder (BPD) tendencies. However, this line of research has yet to examine etiological associations of affective-interpersonal (factor 1, F1) features of psychopathy with BPD tendencies.

Method

The current study investigated differential phenotypic and genetic overlap of psychopathy factors 1 and 2 with BPD tendencies in a sample of over 250 male and female community-recruited adult twin pairs.

Results

Consistent with previous research, biometric analyses revealed strong genetic and non-shared environmental correlations of F2 with BPD tendencies, suggesting that common genetic and non-shared environmental factors contribute to both phenotypes. In contrast, negative genetic and non-shared environmental correlations were observed between F1 and BPD tendencies, indicating that the genetic factors underlying F1 serve as protective factors against BPD. No gender differences emerged in the analyses.

Conclusions

These findings provide further insight into associations of psychopathic features – F1 as well as F2 – and BPD tendencies. Implications for treatment and intervention are discussed, along with how psychopathic traits may differentially influence the manifestation of BPD tendencies.
Study of coexisting stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering at relativistic laser power
Authors: Vyas Ashish , Singh Ram Kishor , Sharma R.P.
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a model to study the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) simultaneously at relativistic laser power. At high intensity, the relativistic mass correction for the plasma electrons becomes significant and the plasma refractive index gets modified which leads to the relativistic self-focusing of the pump beam. This filamentation process affects the scattering processes (SRS and SBS) and at the same time the pump filamentation process also gets modified in the presence of the coexisting SRS and SBS due to the pump depletion. We have also demonstrated that the pump depletion and relativistic filamentation affects the back-reflectivity of scattered beams (SRS and SBS) significantly, for the coexistence case.
Numerical research on the ion-beam-driven hydrodynamic motion of fissile targets for nuclear safety studies
Authors: Oguri Y. , Kondo K. , Hasegawa J.
Published: October 2014

As a method to evaluate high-temperature equation of state (EOS) data of fissile materials precisely and safely, we numerically examined an experimental setup based on a sub-range fissile target and a high-intensity short-pulsed heavy-ion beam. As an example, we calculated one-dimensional hydrodynamic motion of a uranium target with ρ = 0.03ρsolid(ρsolid ≡ solid density = 19.05 g/cm3) induced by a pulsed23Na+beam with a duration of 2 ns and a peak power of 5 GW/mm2. The projectile stopping power was calculated using a density- and temperature-dependent dielectric response function. To heat the target uniformly, we optimized the experimental condition so that the energy deposition could occur almost at the top of the Bragg peak. The energy deposition inhomogeneity could be reduced to ±5% by adjusting the incident energy and the target thickness to be 2.02 MeV/u and 180 μm, respectively. The target could be heated homogeneously up tokT=7 eV well before the arrival of the rarefaction waves at the center of the target. In principle, the EOS data can be evaluated by iteratively adjusting the data embedded in the hydro code until the measured hydrodynamic motion is reproduced by the calculation. This method is consistent with the conditions of nuclear nonproliferation, because a very small amount of fissile material is enough to perform the experiment, and no shock compression occurs in the target.
The Compton metabolic profile test
Authors: Payne J.M.
Published: October 2014

The metabolic profile test was designed as a diagnostic aid to show the presence or absence of ‘abnormal’ blood chemistry in dairy herds. The idea was not new. Blood chemistry had been used for many years to assess the metabolic status of individuals and groups of animals but a comparatively recent trend had been to link a number of these analyses together into a single package or multiphasic screening system. Parallel advances in this direction have been made in both human and veterinary fields and progress has been helped by the development of auto-analysers which can carry out several analyses simultaneously at relatively low cost.
ROBUST ESTIMATION AND INFERENCE FOR THRESHOLD MODELS WITH INTEGRATED REGRESSORS
Authors: Chen Haiqiang
Published: October 2014

This paper studies the robust estimation and inference of threshold models with integrated regressors. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the profiled least squares (LS) estimator under the diminishing threshold effect assumption that the size of the threshold effect converges to zero. Depending on how rapidly this sequence converges, the model may be identified or only weakly identified and asymptotic theorems are developed for both cases. As the convergence rate is unknown in practice, a model-selection procedure is applied to determine the model identification strength and to construct robust confidence intervals, which have the correct asymptotic size irrespective of the magnitude of the threshold effect. The model is then generalized to incorporate endogeneity and serial correlation in error terms, under which, we design a Cochrane–Orcutt feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) estimator which enjoys efficiency gains and robustness against different error specifications, including both I(0) and I(1) errors. Based on this FGLS estimator, we further develop a sup-Wald statistic to test for the existence of the threshold effect. Monte Carlo simulations show that our estimators and test statistics perform well.
TESTING INSTABILITY IN A PREDICTIVE REGRESSION MODEL WITH NONSTATIONARY REGRESSORS
Authors: Cai Zongwu , Wang Yunfei , Wang Yonggang
Published: October 2014

It is well known that allowing the coefficients to be time-varying in a predictive model with possibly nonstationary regressors can help to deal with instability in predictability associated with linear predictive models. In this paper, anL2-type test statistic is proposed to test the stability of the coefficient vector, and the asymptotic distributions of the proposed test statistic are developed under both null and alternative hypotheses. A Monte Carlo experiment is conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed test statistic and an empirical example is examined to demonstrate the practical application of the proposed testing method.
Renewable Energy and Government Support: Time to ‘Green’ the SCM Agreement?
Authors: SHADIKHODJAEV SHERZOD
Published: October 2014

Many governments provide subsidies to shift from ‘dirty’ but cheap fossil fuels to ‘clean’ but expensive renewable energy. Recently, public incentives in the renewable energy sector have been challenged through both dispute settlement procedures of the World Trade Organization and domestic countervailing duty investigations. One may expect that trade frictions in this field will intensify over time. This article argues that the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures – a multilateral trade treaty on subsidization and anti-subsidy measures – should be revised to give more policy space to national authorities in implementing their low-carbon programmes. The Appellate Body made a few climate-friendly interpretations in Canada–Renewable Energy/Canada–Feed-In Tariff Program. It is now members’ turn to carry out meaningful rule-making reforms. This article explores some ways to ‘green’ the existing disciplines.
AUTOMATIC ISLAM: DIVINE ANARCHY AND THE MACHINES OF GOD
Authors: KAZMI ZAHEER
Published: October 2014

This essay explores how particular variants of “Muslim anarchism”, as distinct forms of radical anti-authoritarian religion, subvert conventional approaches to Islamic hermeneutics by drawing on intellectual traditions and discursive strategies external to them. Through recourse to the mutuality between autonomy and automatism, most notably in Western avant-garde and countercultural aesthetics, it elucidates the import of automatic transcendence and retro-futurist imaginaries as novel interpretative techniques for spiritual emancipation in radically libertarian approaches to Islam. My aim is to show how the rich, multivalent concept of automatism, neglected in studies of social and religious phenomena, can be a useful way of elucidating the hermeneutics of specific strands of Muslim anarchism. In doing so, the paper also challenges received understandings of “radical” Islam and the restrictive polarity between militancy and liberalism that has come to frame discussion on global Islam. To this end, I focus on the thought of Peter Lamborn Wilson (aka Hakim Bey), Michael Muhammad Knight and Yakoub Islam.
Leading People Positively: Cross-Cultural Validation of the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS)
Authors: Rodríguez-Carvajal Raquel , Rivas Sara de , Herrero Marta , Moreno-Jiménez Bernardo , Dierendonck Dirk van
Published: October 2014

Servant Leadership emphasizes employee’s development and growth within a context of moral and social concern. Nowadays, this management change towards workers´ wellbeing is highlighted as an important issue. The aims of this paper are to adapt to Spanish speakers the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) by van Dierendonck and Nuijten (2011), and to analyze its factorial validity through confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance in three countries. A sample of 638 working people from three Spanish-speaking countries (Spain, Argentina and Mexico) participated in the study. In all three countries, confirmatory factor analyses corroborate the eight factor structure (empowerment, accountability, standing back, humility, authenticity, courage, forgiveness and stewardship) with one second order factor (servant leadership) (in all three samples, CFI, IFI > .92, TLI > .91, RMSEA < .70). Also, factor loadings, reliability and convergent validity were acceptable across samples. Furthermore, through measurement invariance analysis, we detected model equivalence in all three countries including structural residual invariance (ΔCFI = .001). Finally, cultural differences in some dimensions were found and discussed, opening the way for future cross-cultural studies.
Limit of the electrostatic doping in two-dimensional electron gases of LaXO3(X = Al, Ti)/SrTiO3
Authors: Biscaras J. , Hurand S. , Feuillet-Palma C. , Rastogi A. , Budhani R. C. , Reyren N. , Lesne E. , Lesueur J. , Bergeal N.
Published: October 2014

In LaTiO3/SrTiO3 and LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures, the bending of the SrTiO3 conduction band at the interface forms a quantum well that contains a superconducting two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG). Its carrier density and electronic properties, such as superconductivity and Rashba spin-orbit coupling can be controlled by electrostatic gating. In this article we show that the Fermi energy lies intrinsically near the top of the quantum well. Beyond a filling threshold, electrons added by electrostatic gating escape from the well, hence limiting the possibility to reach a highly-doped regime. This leads to an irreversible doping regime where all the electronic properties of the 2-DEG, such as its resistivity and its superconducting transition temperature, saturate. The escape mechanism can be described by the simple analytical model we propose.
Palladium-catalyzed [2+1+1] annulation of norbornenes with (z)-bromostyrenes: synthesis of bismethylenecyclobutanes via twofold C(sp2)–H bond activation
Authors: Mao Jiangang , Bao Weiliang
Published: October 2014

A Pd(0)-catalyzed domino bismethylenecyclobutanation reaction was established. The [2+1+1] cycloaddition involves twofold C(sp2)–H bond activation and formation of three carbon–carbon bonds.
Acetylene bubble-powered autonomous capsules: towards in situ fuel
Authors: Moo James Guo Sheng , Wang Hong , Pumera Martin
Published: October 2014

A fuel-free autonomous self-propelled motor powered by acetylene bubbles is illustrated.
Three-dimensionally designed anti-reflective silicon surfaces for perfect absorption of light
Authors: Cho Seong J. , An Taechang , Lim Geunbae
Published: October 2014

We successfully demonstrate a novel three-dimensionally designed (3D) silicon structure, which has the most advanced property than the previous anti-reflective materials.
Anomalous self-reduction of layered double hydroxide (LDH): from α-Ni(OH)2 to hexagonal close packing (HCP) Ni/NiO by annealing without a reductant
Authors: Ge X. , Gu C. D. , Wang X. L. , Tu J. P.
Published: October 2014

An anomalous self-reduction phenomenon can occur for Ni LDH synthesized from an ionic liquid system.
NBS-promoted oxidation of fullerene monoradicals leading to regioselective 1,4-difunctional fullerenes
Authors: Si Weili , Lu Shirong , Asao Naoki , Bao Ming , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Jin Tienan
Published: October 2014

NBS sufficiently promotes the formation of a fullerene cation from a singly bonded fullerene dimer to react with various nucleophiles, leading to the unsymmetrical fullerene 1,4-bisadducts.
Photodynamic optical sensor for buffer capacity and pH based on hydrogel-incorporated spiropyran
Authors: Mistlberger G. , Pawlak M. , Bakker E. , Klimant I.
Published: October 2014

The kinetics of a light activated proton extraction correlates with the buffer capacity of a sample at a given pH.
Catalytic modification in dehydrogenation properties of KSiH3
Authors: Jain Ankur , Ichikawa Takayuki , Yamaguchi Shotaro , Miyaoka Hiroki , Kojima Yoshitsugu
Published: October 2014

Hydrogen desorption activation energy of KSiH3 is reduced by mesoporous Nb2O5, which drastically enhances the sorption kinetics.
Genetics of superionic conductivity in lithium lanthanum titanates
Authors: Jay E. E. , Rushton M. J. D. , Chroneos A. , Grimes R. W. , Kilner J. A.
Published: October 2014

Using a genetic algorithm in conjunction with molecular dynamics we describe diffusion mechanisms and provide evidence that there is a 3D percolated network of Li diffusion pathways in La2/3−xLi3xTiO3.
Full kinetic analysis of a rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation: beyond the rate-limiting step picture
Authors: Gellrich U. , Koslowski T. , Breit B.
Published: October 2014

A complete dynamic kinetic analysis beyond the steady state approximation of the rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation with the 6-DPPon ligand is presented. The results show that not one single step but several transition states and intermediates control the selectivity and activity of the catalysis.
Tuning the coordination properties of phenothiazine by regioselective introduction of diphenylphosphanyl groups
Authors: Filip I. H. , Gál E. , Lupan I. , Perde-Schrepler M. , Lönnecke P. , Surducan M. , Găină L. I. , Hey-Hawkins E. , Silaghi-Dumitrescu L.
Published: October 2014

New phenothiazinyl-phosphines and their palladium and platinum complexes have been synthesized and characterized and their biological properties have been discussed.
Synchrotron applications to f-element research in the nuclear fuel cycle
Authors: Denecke Melissa A.
Published: October 2014

A summary of innovative techniques using synchrotron radiation for actinide studies in nuclear research, including X-ray spectroscopy and imaging.
Carbazole–corrole and carbazole–prophyrin dyads: synthesis, fluorescence and electrochemical studies
Authors: Balsukuri Naresh , Das Sudipta , Gupta Iti
Published: October 2014

Carbazole–corrole and carbazole–porphyrin dyads were synthesized, and fluorescence studies indicated efficient energy transfer from carbazole-donor to corrole/porphyrin acceptor in the dyads.
Cyclen-based cationic lipids containing a pH-sensitive moiety as gene delivery vectors
Authors: Huang Zheng , Liu Yan-Hong , Zhang Yi-Mei , Zhang Ji , Liu Qiang , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: October 2014

Imidazole-functionalized cationic lipids with a cyclen headgroup were synthesized, and the structure–activity relationship in gene delivery mediated by these lipids was discussed.
Rapid synthesis of isoquinolinones by intramolecular coupling of amides and ketones
Authors: Wei Wen-Tao , Liu Yu , Ye Lin-Miao , Lei Rong-Hui , Zhang Xue-Jing , Yan Ming
Published: October 2014

Isoquinolinones were prepared in good yieldsviathe intramolecular coupling of amides and ketones in the presence of KOt-Bu/DMF.
A highly efficient and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of 1,3-indandione ring-fused 3-oxindoles bearing two contiguous quaternary stereocenters via an aldol reaction in aqueous media
Authors: Liu Xiong-Li , Pan Bo-Wen , Zhang Wen-Hui , Yang Chao , Yang Jun , Shi Yang , Feng Ting-Ting , Zhou Ying , Yuan Wei-Cheng
Published: October 2014

The synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation of 1,3-indandione ring-fused 3-oxindoles.
6-Substituted 1,2-benzoxathiine-2,2-dioxides are isoform-selective inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases IX, XII and VA
Authors: Tanc Muhammet , Carta Fabrizio , Scozzafava Andrea , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: October 2014

A series of 6-substituted 2-benzoxathiine-2,2-dioxides were synthesized starting from 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and then screened in vitro for their inhibition properties against five human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms.
Adjustable nanofibers self-assembled from an irregular conformational peptide amphiphile
Authors: Qin Si-Yong , Jiang Hua-Fang , Peng Meng-Yun , Lei Qi , Zhuo Ren-Xi , Zhang Xian-Zheng
Published: October 2014

A peptide amphiphile adopting an irregular conformation self-assembled into dendritic nanofibers, peacock-feather-like nanofibers, and even parallel nanofibers.
Reagent concentration dependent variations in the stability and photoluminescence of silica-coated ZnO nanorods
Authors: Yin Y. , Sun Y. , Yu M. , Liu X. , Yang B. , Liu D. , Liu S. , Cao W. , Ashfold M. N. R.
Published: October 2014

ZnO nanorods produced hydrothermally, using different precursor concentrations, show strikingly different morphologies and photoluminescence properties after encapsulation in silica. These differences are traced to differences in the nanorod growth chemistry.
3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and organic electron donors mediated synthesis of functional amphiphilic gold nanoparticles and their bioanalytical applications
Authors: Pandey Prem C. , Panday Digvijay , Pandey Gunjan
Published: October 2014

Precise control over functionality and nanogeometry during synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and dispersibility of the same in a variety of solvents has been a challenging requirement for practical applications.
Facile ionic-liquid-assisted electrochemical synthesis of size-controlled carbon quantum dots by tuning applied voltages
Authors: Li Xuehua , Zhao Zhiwei
Published: October 2014

We acted as pioneer in preparing size-controlled carbon quantum dots by changing voltage in ionic-liquid-assisted electrolyte.
Novel magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymers for specific separation and determination of three endocrine disrupting compounds simultaneously in environmental water samples
Authors: Gao Ruixia , Hao Yi , Zhao Siqi , Zhang Lili , Cui Xihui , Liu Dechun , Tang Yuhai , Zheng Yuansuo
Published: October 2014

A novel type of superparamagnetic molecularly imprinted polymers introducing unique concept of multi-template for specific separation and determination of three endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) simultaneously.
Topotactic synthesis and photocatalytic performance of one-dimensional ZnNb2O6nanostructures and one-dimensional ZnNb2O6/KNbO3hetero-nanostructures
Authors: Kong Xingang , Guo Zhanglin , Wen Puhong , Cao Liyun , Huang Jianfeng , Li Cuiyan , Fei Jie , Wang Fen , Feng Qi
Published: October 2014

One-dimensional ZnNb2O6/KNbO3hetero-nanostructures and ZnNb2O6nanostructures are synthesized by Zn2+-exchange of tunnel structural K2Nb2O6fiber and topotactic structure transformation reaction.
Soluble and highly ionically conducting interpolyelectrolyte complexes prepared via chemical template polymerization of aniline in the presence of perfluorinated polysulfonic acid
Authors: Boeva Zhanna A. , Sergeyev Vladimir
Published: October 2014

Proton conductivity of the PANI–MF-4SC compositesvs. [ANI]:[MF-4SC] ratio. Template polymerization of aniline in the presence of MF-4SC is carried out in water/2-propanol and results in the formation of the complexes with high proton conductivity.
Localized surface plasmon resonance enhanced quantum dot light-emitting diodes via quantum dot-capped gold nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Jing , Huang Qianqian , Du Qing Guo , Zhao Dewei , Xu Feng , Pan Jiangyong , Lei Wei , Nathan Arokia
Published: October 2014

We demonstrate a quantum dot capped gold nanoparticle composite as an emitting layer in quantum dot light-emitting diodes to achieve enhanced efficiency.
The energy blocker inside the power house: mitochondria targeted delivery of 3-bromopyruvate
Authors: Marrache Sean , Dhar Shanta
Published: October 2014

Mitochondrial delivery of 3-bromopyruvate for metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells.
Covalently grafting nonmesogenic moieties onto polyoxometalate for fabrication of thermotropic liquid-crystalline nanomaterials
Authors: Lin Chang-Gen , Chen Wei , Omwoma Solomon , Song Yu-Fei
Published: October 2014

We demonstrated the first class of polyoxometalate-containing thermotropic liquid-crystalline materials constructed from nonmesogenic moieties.
The proline-rich region of 18.5 kDa myelin basic protein binds to the SH3-domain of Fyn tyrosine kinase with the aid of an upstream segment to form a dynamic complexin vitro
Authors: De Avila Miguel , Vassall Kenrick A. , Smith Graham S. T. , Bamm Vladimir V. , Harauz George
Published: October 2014

The intrinsically disordered 18.5 kDa classic isoform of MBP (myelin basic protein) interacts with Fyn kinase during oligodendrocyte development and myelination. It does so primarily via a central proline-rich SH3 (Src homology 3) ligand (T92–R104, murine 18.5 kDa MBP sequence numbering) that is part of a molecular switch due to its high degree of conservation and modification by MAP (mitogen-activated protein) and other kinases, especially at residues T92 and T95. Here, we show using co-transfection experiments of an early developmental oligodendroglial cell line (N19) that an MBP segment upstream of the primary ligand is involved in MBP–Fyn–SH3 association in cellula. Using solution NMR spectroscopy in vitro, we define this segment to comprise MBP residues (T62–L68), and demonstrate further that residues (V83–P93) are the predominant SH3-target, assessed by the degree of chemical shift change upon titration. We show by chemical shift index analysis that there is no formation of local poly-proline type II structure in the proline-rich segment upon binding, and by NOE (nuclear Overhauser effect) and relaxation measurements that MBP remains dynamic even while complexed with Fyn–SH3. The association is a new example first of a non-canonical SH3-domain interaction and second of a fuzzy MBP complex.
Access to Speech-Language Pathology Services for African-American Clients with Aphasia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mahendra Nidhi , Spicer Julianne
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this article is to report the perceptions and experiences of family members of five African-American clients with aphasia as they accessed speech-language pathology services. Client or family responses to a survey and during a semi-structured, ethnographic interview revealed information on barriers and facilitators influencing access to speech therapy services. These data are part of a larger investigation into cultural and linguistic barriers that might influence racial and/or ethnic minority clients’ awareness of, access to, and utilization of speech-language pathology services. Results reveal the presence of distinct barriers and facilitators that can influence timely, sustained access to speech-language pathology services for African-American clients and their families. These data have critical implications for speech-language pathologists (SLPs), audiologists, and all healthcare providers.
Cultural Considerations in Tube Feeding Decision-Making
Authors: Watson Nori , Bell Christina
Published: October 2014

Tube feeding is a common intervention considered in the care of older adults. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current literature on the relationship between cultural factors and tube feeding in older adults, to help prepare speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to consider these cultural factors in communicating with their patients and families who may be faced with a tube feeding decision. Although evidence indicates that this intervention lacks benefit in advanced dementia, the decision to provide tube feeding can be complicated and challenging. SLPs are often consulted to provide assistance in the evaluation of an older adult with eating and feeding problems, and have an important role in tube feeding decision-making. SLPs and the healthcare teams they work with need to be aware of regional, national, international, ethnic, cultural, and institutional differences in tube feeding decision-making and utilization. SLPs and their healthcare teams need culturally sensitive communication and assessment skills to gently elicit and address cultural influences in this decision.
Novel configuration for multilevel DC‐link three‐phase five‐level inverter
Authors: Masaoud Ammar , Ping Hew Wooi , Mekhilef Saad , Taallah Ayoub
Published: October 2014

A new multilevel DC‐link three‐phase five‐level voltage source inverter topology is introduced here. A multilevel DC‐link formed from single DC voltage supply and two cascaded half‐bridge (CHB) power cells is connected to 12‐switch three‐phase bridge in such a way that the proposed inverter produces five levels in the output voltage waveform. Compared to comparable inverters, such as symmetrical CHB and hybrid multilevel inverters, the proposed topology maximises the number of voltage levels and reduces the number of utilised DC voltage supplies, switches, gate driver circuits and installation area. A modified fundamental frequency modulation technique based on determination of switching states of inverter is developed, to generate the appropriate switching gate signals. Furthermore, to validate the proposed topology, a low power prototype inverter has been built. The obtained simulation and experimental results ensure the feasibility of the suggested topology and also the compatibility of the used modulation technique.
Condylar Osteochondroma Treated with Total Condylectomy and Preservation of the Articular Disc: A Case Report
Authors: Dominguez ManuelFernandez , Castillo Jose Luis Del , Guerra Mario Muñoz , Sanchez RuthSanchez , La Plata Maria Mancha De
Published: October 2014

Osteochondroma is frequently found in the general skeleton but is rare in the condylar region of the mandible. We report a case of an osteochondroma of large size and rapid growth in the mandibular condyle, which was treated with total condylectomy and condylar replacement with a costochondral graft and preservation of the articular disc. In cases with a healthy and well-positioned articular disc, it may be preserved with no need of disc repositioning.
Processing and storage of ratite oils affects primary oxidation status and radical scavenging ability
Authors: Mashtoub Suzanne , Bennett Darin C. , Tran Cuong D. , Howarth Gordon S.
Published: October 2014

Treatments for diseases such as coronary artery disease and gastrointestinal disorders seek to minimise oxidative damage by free radicals through the use of antioxidants. Oils derived from ratites (flightless birds) have therapeutic potential, with varying fatty acid composition between species. The current study investigated the influence of farm location, rendering method, duration and storage mode on radical scavenging activity (RSA) and primary oxidation status of ratite oils. Emu Oil (n = 8; EO1, EO2a/b, EO3–7; varying processing and storage factors), Ostrich Oil (OsO), Rhea Oil (RO) and olive oil (OlO) were tested for free RSA against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydracyl (expressed as 1/IC50 g/mL) and primary oxidation (peroxide mEqO2/kg). RSA (g/mL) of EO1 (558 ± 22) was greater than EO2a (8 ± 0.6), EO5 (413 ± 26), EO6 (16 ± 0.3) and EO7 (2 ± 0.2), OsO (313 ± 12), RO (32 ± 12) and OlO (196 ± 4), and less than EO3 (717 ± 32; P < 0.001). Antioxidant properties of OsO were more pronounced than RO (P < 0.001). Primary oxidation (mEqO2/kg) of EO1 (97 ± 0.6) was greater than EO2a (57 ± 0.6), EO2b (28 ± 0.2), EO5 (11 ± 0.6), OsO (50 ± 0.9) and OlO (61 ± 0.9). The wide variability in RSA of oils highlights the need for standardisation of farm location, diet composition, rendering procedures, time of render and duration of storage. Regulatory control of these parameters is recommended in order to minimise differences in therapeutic efficacy of ratite oils.
Coordination Polymers Constructed from TCNQ2– Anions and Chelating Ligands
Authors: Abrahams Brendan F. , Elliott Robert W. , Robson Richard
Published: October 2014

Coordination polymers containing tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in its dianionic form, TCNQ–II, have been formed by combining the acid form of the dianion, TCNQH2, with divalent metal centres in the presence of chelating ligands such as 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). When MnII or CdII is employed, two-dimensional (2D) corrugated sheet structures with the formula MII(TCNQ–II)L (M = Mn, Cd; L = bipy, phen) are obtained. In contrast, when CoII is used as the metal centre a complex three-dimensional (3D) structure of composition [CoII(TCNQ–II)(phen)] is formed. Despite the significant differences between the 2D and 3D network structures, the metal coordination geometry and the binding mode of the TCNQ dianion are very similar in all cases.
Synthesis and Tautomerism of Curcumin Derivatives and Related Compounds
Authors: Taguchi Hiroyasu , Yanagisawa Daijiro , Morikawa Shigehiro , Hirao Koichi , Shirai Nobuaki , Tooyama Ikuo
Published: October 2014

1,7-Bis(4′-hydroxy-3′-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (2a), related to curcumin, and thirteen 4-substituted derivatives were prepared and their keto/enol ratio in DMSO[D6] was determined by 19F NMR because the enolic form of these related curcumins had been shown to bind to amyloid plaques in the Alzheimer brain. The parent compound and the 4-ethoxycarbonyl derivative were almost 100 % in the enolic form that contains a conjugated hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-on-5-ol backbone. Enolisation decreased to varying amounts in the derivatives that had 4-substituted alkyl groups. Attempts to prepare the 4-hydroxypropyl derivative by hydrolysis of O-methoxymethyl 2m or O-tetrahydropyranyloxy 2n protected derivatives led to cyclised products. A related pyrimidine compound 6b that mimicked a fixed enol form was also prepared.
Translation and the Spanish Empire in the Americas
Authors: Valdeón Roberto A.
Published: October 2014

Two are the starting points of this book. On the one hand, the use of Doña Marina/La Malinche as a symbol of the violation of the Americas by the Spanish conquerors as well as a metaphor of her treason to the Mexican people. On the other, the role of the translations of Bartolomé de las Casas’s Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias in the creation and expansion of the Spanish Black Legend. The author aims to go beyond them by considering the role of translators and interpreters during the early colonial period in Spanish America and by looking at the translations of the Spanish chronicles as instrumental in the promotion of other European empires. The book discusses literary, religious and administrative documents and engages in a dialogue with other disciplines that can provide a more nuanced view of the role of translation, and of the mediators, during the controversial encounter/clash between Europeans and Amerindians.
Induction of the Escherichia coli yijE gene expression by cystine
Authors: Yamamoto Kaneyoshi , Nonaka Gen , Ozawa Takahiro , Takumi Kazuhiro , Ishihama Akira
Published: October 2014

Cystine is formed from two molecules of the cysteine under oxidized conditions, but is reversibly converted to cysteine by reduction. Growth of Escherichia coli is retarded in the presence of excess cystine. Transcriptome analysis showed 11 up-regulated and 26 down-regulated genes upon exposure to excess cystine. The reporter assay confirmed regulation by cystine of the expression of one up-regulated membrane gene, yijE, and two down-regulated membrane genes, yhdT and yihN. In order to identify the as yet unidentified gene encoding cystine efflux transporter, the putative cystine efflux candidate, yijE gene, was over-expressed. Expression of the yijE gene suppressed the slow growth of E. coli in the presence of high concentration of extracellular cystine. In good agreement, the knock-out of yijE gene increased the sensibility to cystine. These observations altogether imply that the yijE gene is involved in response to cystine in E. coli.
Protein kinase C regulates the expression of cell wall-related genes in RlmA-dependent and independent manners inAspergillus nidulans
Authors: Katayama Takuya , Ohta Akinori , Horiuchi Hiroyuki
Published: October 2014

A protein kinase C of Aspergillus nidulans, PkcA, is required for cell wall integrity (CWI) and is considered a major component of the regulating pathway. To investigate whether PkcA regulates the transcription of cell wall-related genes, we constructed strains expressing pkcA(R429A) that encodes an activated form of PkcA. The mRNA levels of most chitin synthase genes and an α-glucan synthase gene, agsB, were increased when pkcA(R429A) expression was induced. These mRNA increases were not observed or were only partially observed, in a deletion mutant of rlmA, an ortholog of RLM1 that encodes a transcription factor in the CWI pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, in a pkcA temperature-sensitive mutant under heat stress, the mRNA levels of some chitin synthase genes and agsB did not increase. These results suggest that PkcA is involved in CWI maintenance through the transcriptional regulation of cell wall-related genes.
Cell division and the maintenance of epithelial order
Authors: Ragkousi Katerina , Gibson Matthew C.
Published: October 2014

Epithelia are polarized layers of adherent cells that are the building blocks for organ and appendage structures throughout animals. To preserve tissue architecture and barrier function during both homeostasis and rapid growth, individual epithelial cells divide in a highly constrained manner. Building on decades of research focused on single cells, recent work is probing the mechanisms by which the dynamic process of mitosis is reconciled with the global maintenance of epithelial order during development. These studies reveal how symmetrically dividing cells both exploit and conform to tissue organization to orient their mitotic spindles during division and establish new adhesive junctions during cytokinesis.
Ignoring matrix boundaries when the LKB1 master kinase is gone
Authors: Danen Erik H.J.
Published: October 2014

Gradients of soluble attractants as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins serve as cues for directional cell movement. Such “chemotaxis” and “haptotaxis” steers migration of cells during embryonic development, wound healing, and immune responses. In this issue, Chan et al. (2014. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201404067) show that the tumor suppressor LKB1 controls haptotaxis through the microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK) family, one of the many substrates of the LKB1 master kinase. In the absence of this pathway, melanoma cells migrate irrespective of ECM gradients, which may explain the increased metastatic spread observed in LKB1-deficient tumors.
Altered Ca2+ signaling in skeletal muscle fibers of the R6/2 mouse, a model of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Braubach Peter , Orynbayev Murat , Andronache Zoita , Hering Tanja , Landwehrmeyer Georg Bernhard , Lindenberg Katrin S. , Melzer Werner
Published: October 2014

Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat within the gene encoding the protein huntingtin. The resulting elongated glutamine (poly-Q) sequence of mutant huntingtin (mhtt) affects both central neurons and skeletal muscle. Recent reports suggest that ryanodine receptor–based Ca2+ signaling, which is crucial for skeletal muscle excitation–contraction coupling (ECC), is changed by mhtt in HD neurons. Consequently, we searched for alterations of ECC in muscle fibers of the R6/2 mouse, a mouse model of HD. We performed fluorometric recordings of action potentials (APs) and cellular Ca2+ transients on intact isolated toe muscle fibers (musculi interossei), and measured L-type Ca2+ inward currents on internally dialyzed fibers under voltage-clamp conditions. Both APs and AP-triggered Ca2+ transients showed slower kinetics in R6/2 fibers than in fibers from wild-type mice. Ca2+ removal from the myoplasm and Ca2+ release flux from the sarcoplasmic reticulum were characterized using a Ca2+ binding and transport model, which indicated a significant reduction in slow Ca2+ removal activity and Ca2+ release flux both after APs and under voltage-clamp conditions. In addition, the voltage-clamp experiments showed a highly significant decrease in L-type Ca2+ channel conductance. These results indicate profound changes of Ca2+ turnover in skeletal muscle of R6/2 mice and suggest that these changes may be associated with muscle pathology in HD.
Borel subgroups adapted to nilpotent elements of standard Levi type
Authors: Fresse Lucas
Published: October 2014

Let a reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of good characteristic be given. Attached to a nilpotent element of its Lie algebra, we consider a family of algebraic varieties, which incorporates classical objects such as Springer fiber, Spaltenstein varieties, and Hessenberg varieties. When the nilpotent element is of standard Levi type, we show that the varieties of this family admit affine pavings that can be obtained by intersecting with the Schubert cells corresponding to a suitable Borel subgroup.