bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silicon modulates multi-layered defense against powdery mildew in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Lili , Dong Min , Zhang Qiong , Wu Ying , Hu Liang , Parson James F. , Eisenstein Edward , Du Xiangge , Xiao Shunyuan
Published: March 2020

Silicon (Si) has been widely employed in agriculture to enhance resistance against pathogens in many crop plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of Si-mediated resistance remain elusive. In this study, the Arabidopsis-powdery mildew pathosystem was employed to investigate possible defense mechanisms of Si-mediated resistance. Because Arabidopsis lacks efficient Si transporters and thus is a low Si-accumulator, two heterologous Si influx transporters (from barley and muskmelon) were individually expressed in wild-type Arabidopsis Col-0 and a panel of mutants defective in different immune signaling pathways. Results from infection tests showed that while very low leaf Si content slightly induced salicylic acid (SA)-dependent resistance, high Si promoted PAD4-dependent but largely EDS1- and SA-independent resistance against the adapted powdery mildew isolate Golovinomyces cichoracearum UCSC1. Intriguingly, our results also showed that high Si could largely reboot non-host resistance in an immune-compromised eds1/pad4/sid2 triple mutant background against a non-adapted powdery mildew isolate G. cichoracearum UMSG1. Taken together, our results suggest that assimilated Si modulates distinct, multi-layered defense mechanisms to enhance plant resistance against adapted and no-adapted powdery mildew pathogens, possibly via synergistic interaction with defense-induced callose.
Missed expectations: teacher and coach tensions at the boundary of STEM integration in an elementary classroom
Authors: McFadden Justin , Roehrig Gillian
Published: March 2020

The current study explored how a STEM coach supported an elementary teacher during the implementation of an integrated curriculum that culminated with an engineering design challenge. The findings of the case study reported, detail how the reflective nature of the coaching moves employed failed to fully meet the needs of the teacher given the distinct challenges that arose upon implementation of the co-developed curriculum. By closely examining two primary data sources: (1) five extended coaching sessions, and (2) the coach’s pre-post coaching log reflections; analysis identifies and explores how the pair’s missed expectations produced unanticipated tensions that hindered the potentials of the teacher-coach relationship. Insights related to an elementary teacher’s conceptions of STEM integration are also revealed within the data presented. Finally, analysis enabled discussion of strategies that might be employed to strategically support elementary teachers working with coaches; specifically exploring how differentiated supports based on prior experiences might be instituted.
If not now, when?
Authors: Poole Norman A.
Published: March 2020

The editor of the BJPsych Bulletin reflects on the extraordinary recent events triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health professionals are at the front line of managing the pandemic and emergency changes should lead to a much needed refocus on what is really vital. In these unsettling times we ought to review how we manage the crisis, and its aftermath, both personally and professionally.
MLCD: A Unified Software Package for Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Wu Wenjun , Li Beibin , Mercan Ezgi , Mehta Sachin , Bartlett Jamen , Weaver Donald L. , Elmore Joann G. , Shapiro Linda G.
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE

Machine Learning Package for Cancer Diagnosis (MLCD) is the result of a National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)-sponsored project for developing a unified software package from state-of-the-art breast cancer biopsy diagnosis and machine learning algorithms that can improve the quality of both clinical practice and ongoing research.

METHODS

Whole-slide images of 240 well-characterized breast biopsy cases, initially assembled under R01 CA140560, were used for developing the algorithms and training the machine learning models. This software package is based on the methodology developed and published under our recent NIH/NCI-sponsored research grant (R01 CA172343) for finding regions of interest (ROIs) in whole-slide breast biopsy images, for segmenting ROIs into histopathologic tissue types and for using this segmentation in classifiers that can suggest final diagnoses.

RESULT

The package provides an ROI detector for whole-slide images and modules for semantic segmentation into tissue classes and diagnostic classification into 4 classes (benign, atypia, ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive cancer) of the ROIs. It is available through the GitHub repository under the Massachusetts Institute of Technology license and will later be distributed with the Pathology Image Informatics Platform system. A Web page provides instructions for use.

CONCLUSION

Our tools have the potential to provide help to other cancer researchers and, ultimately, to practicing physicians and will motivate future research in this field. This article describes the methodology behind the software development and gives sample outputs to guide those interested in using this package.
Causes of Cancer Re-Admissions: A Patient-Centered Approach
Authors: Zibelli Allison , Holland Katie , Wei Emily
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE:

Patients with a cancer diagnosis have a high risk of re-admission during the 30 days after discharge. Clinicians, payers, and patients consider this to be an indicator of care quality. The causes of re-admission remain poorly understood. Retrospective chart reviews, used in most re-admission research, provide limited information regarding the causes of, and methods to reduce, re-admissions. This project sought to elicit the insights of those most affected by re-admission: the patients themselves.

METHODS:

We interviewed patients with cancer who were re-admitted to 2 urban teaching hospitals when they were hospitalized during their second admission. Trained interviewers used a semistructured interview guide to gather information on events just before the second admission, the patients’ understanding of the cause of re-admission, and the patients’ views about their readiness for discharge at the previous admission. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed, and themes were identified and explored.

RESULTS:

Three major themes were identified. First, most patients saw their re-admission as caused by problems that could not be treated in an outpatient setting. Second, the patients felt that they did not have sufficient resources at home to manage their care. Furthermore, the patients did not see the outpatient care team as a resource that they could call on for assistance. As a result, most of the decisions to return to the hospital were made by the patients themselves.

CONCLUSION:

The decision that leads to re-admission often happens at home, in response to unmanageable needs. Strengthening the bond between the care team and the patient, with the aim of providing care in the most appropriate setting, could decrease re-admissions in patients with cancer. Possible interventions include home visits, enhanced discharge planning, and telehealth services.
Health Literacy, Language, and Cancer-Related Needs in the First 6 Months After a Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Gunn Christine M. , Paasche-Orlow Michael K. , Bak Sharon , Wang Na , Pamphile Jennifer , Nelson Kerrie , Morton Samantha , Battaglia Tracy A.
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE:

Low health literacy (HL) and language negatively affect cancer screening and prevention behaviors; less is known about how they affect the patient’s experience during cancer treatment. This study explores associations among HL, spoken language, and dimensions of cancer-related needs within 6 months of receiving a breast cancer diagnosis.

METHODS:

Women speaking English, Spanish, or Haitian Creole, enrolled in a patient navigation study at diagnosis, completed a survey in their primary spoken language at baseline and 6 months to characterize their cancer-related needs. HL was measured using the Brief Health Literacy Screening Tool. Outcomes included the Cancer Needs Distress Inventory (CaNDI; n = 38 items) and the Communication and Attitudinal Self-Efficacy scale (CASE-Cancer) for cancer (n = 12 items). Linear regressions measured the impact of HL and language on total CaNDI and CASE-Cancer scale for cancer scores and subscales, adjusted for demographics.

RESULTS:

At baseline, 262 women participated and 228 (87%) followed up at 6 months. Of these, 38% had adequate HL, 33% had marginal HL, and 29% had inadequate HL. Women with inadequate or marginal HL had higher median baseline CaNDI scores ( P = .02) and lower self-efficacy scores ( P = .008), relative to those with adequate HL. Haitian-Creole speakers had significantly lower CANDI scores at baseline ( P = .03). Adjusting for demographics, differences in CaNDI scores at baseline remained significant for those with lower HL and Haitian-Creole speakers. At 6 months, differences in self-efficacy persisted for Haitian-Creole speakers.

CONCLUSION:

Findings suggest that interventions oriented to mitigating HL and language barriers might reduce distress at the time of diagnosis and improve self-efficacy over the course of treatment.
Mocking Medieval French Fashion
Authors: Heller Sarah-Grace
Published: March 2020

A debate poem (partimen PC 16,17) from the early thirteenth century richly demonstrates attitudes toward medieval French fashion, debating who was better, the “French” of France and England for their sumptuous apparel and generous feasts or the “Catalan” Occitan speakers for whom acquisition meant jovial pillage. Fashion appears as a preoccupation of the north, in contrast with southern poverty. Examined in context with political sirventes poems celebrating plunder, the Chanson de la croisade albigeoise (ca. 1210–12), which expresses pathos through clothing tropes, and the hyperbolic fair in Flamenca (ca. 1223), this study places these representations in the context of the military culture of Languedoc and Provence and its developing markets. This troubadour mockery of pretentious French display also expresses implicit envy and criticizes the damage the pillage ideal imposed on the fashion economy of the Midi.

Un partimen (PC 16,17) du début du treizième siècle présente un aperçu très riche des attitudes à l'égard de la mode française médiévale, en mettant en débat la question suivante: qui étaient les meilleurs, les « Français » de France et d'Angleterre avec leurs somptueux habits et leurs fêtes généreuses, ou bien les « Catalans » (à savoir les Occitans situés de chaque côté des Pyrénées), qui acquéraient des objets en pillant plutôt qu'en les achetant ? A cette époque, la mode apparaît davantage comme une préoccupation en région septentrionale qu'en région méridionale, plus pauvre. En comparant des sirventes politiques célébrant le pillage et le pathos vestimentaire dans la Chanson de la croisade albigeoise (c. 1210–12) et la foire hyperbolique dans Flamenca (c. 1223), cette étude situe ces représentations dans le contexte des guerres et des industries textiles naissantes en Languedoc et en Provence. Le rire troubadour vis-à-vis de l'ostentation française trahit la convoitise des Occitans à l'égard des Français tout en critiquant aussi les dommages occasionnés par l'idéal de pillage sur l'économie de la mode dans le Midi.
Feminized Commodities, Female Communities
Authors: Hiner Susan
Published: March 2020

This article uncovers the backstory of two of the most important fashion-plate illustrators of nineteenth-century France, Héloïse and Anaïs Colin, in relation to their artistic and commercial production. By exploring how the sisters' commercial art is linked to their early “self-portrait,” produced in the studio of their artist father, in which female community is foregrounded, the article argues that their fashion plates express at once a personal response to their exclusion from the male-dominated world of fine arts and a pragmatic trajectory toward professionalization for women in the fashion sector. While largely conventional, some of their plates elicit readings reaching beyond an explicit commercial aim and suggest disruptions of the seamless norms of bourgeois femininity. Likewise, critical analysis of these plates expands to a consideration of the layered work practices of other women in the growing fashion industry of the period.

Cet article offre un portrait de deux des plus importants illustrateurs de mode français du dix-neuvième siècle, Héloïse et Anaïs Colin, replacé dans le contexte plus large de leur production artistique et commerciale. Comme point de départ, il prend l'autoportrait de jeunesse des deux sœurs, peint dans l'atelier de leur père, un tableau qui met en valeur leur idée de communauté féminine tout en préfigurant aussi leur art commercial. Leurs gravures de mode expriment à la fois leur réponse personnelle à leur exclusion du monde masculin des beaux-arts, tout en reflétant aussi leur parcours, alors représentatif de la professionnalisation des femmes dans le domaine de la mode. Bien que conventionnelles pour la plupart, certaines des gravures suscitent une interprétation qui dépasse le cadre de la question commerciale et aborde celle de la transgression de la norme de la féminité bourgeoise. Plus loin, l'analyse critique de ces gravures touche plus largement aux pratiques complexes du travail réalisé par d'autres femmes dans l'industrie croissante de la mode.
First-Person Plural
Authors: Sack Daniel
Published: March 2020

In Daniel Sack’s discussion of Nicola Gunn’s dramatic oeuvre, he finds a through line running between her works—one of self-reference and autofiction, a kind of playful knowledge of the self. In tracing this affinity between her pieces, in particular In the Sans Hotel, In Spite of Myself, Piece for Person and Ghetto Blaster, and Green Screen, Sack identifies the ways in which Gunn’s work speaks to both a contemporary moment in theater and the history of performance art, acknowledging the different baggage of the forms she references while coyly and fluently crossing between them. Sack sees in Gunn’s work the creation of heterotopias, places that open out onto an elsewhere, toward realities that simultaneously exist outside of the world and connect its disparate cultural manifestations together, from identity to ethics, politics to performance.
Arabidopsis DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE4 is involved in nitric oxide-dependent pollen tube guidance and fertilization
Authors: Wong Aloysius , Donaldson Lara , Portes Maria Teresa , Eppinger Jörg , Feijó José A. , Gehring Christoph
Published: March 2020

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule that regulates diverse biological processes in both animals and plants, including important roles in male gamete physiology. In plants, NO is generated in pollen tubes (PTs) and affects intracellular responses through the modulation of Ca2+ signaling, actin organization, vesicle trafficking and cell wall deposition, bearing consequences in pollen-stigma interactions and PT guidance. In contrast, the NO-responsive proteins that mediate these responses remain elusive. Here, we show that PTs of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in the pollen-specific DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE4 (DGK4) grow slower and become partially insensitive to NO-dependent growth inhibition and re-orientation responses. Recombinant DGK4 protein yields NO-responsive spectral and catalytic changes in vitro that are compatible with a role in NO perception and signaling in PTs. In addition to the expected phosphatidic acid-producing kinase activity, DGK4 recombinant protein also revealed guanylyl cyclase activity, as inferred by sequence analysis. Our results are compatible with a role for the fast-diffusible NO gas in signaling and cell-cell communication via the modulation of DGK4 activity during the progamic phase of angiosperm reproduction.
PIP3 depletion rescues myoblast fusion defects in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells
Authors: Lian Yen-Ling , Chen Kuan-Wei , Chou Yu-Ting , Ke Ting-Ling , Chen Bi-Chang , Lin Yu-Chun , Chen Linyi
Published: March 2020

Myoblast fusion is required for myotube formation during myogenesis, and defects in myoblast differentiation and fusion have been implicated in a number of diseases, including human rhabdomyosarcoma. Although transcriptional regulation of the myogenic program has been studied extensively, the mechanisms controlling myoblast fusion remain largely unknown. This study identified and characterized the dynamics of a distinct class of blebs, termed bubbling blebs, which are smaller than those that participate in migration. The formation of these bubbling blebs occurred during differentiation and decreased alongside a decline in phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) at the plasma membrane before myoblast fusion. In a human rhabdomyosarcoma-derived (RD) cell line that exhibits strong blebbing dynamics and myoblast fusion defects, PIP3 was constitutively abundant on the membrane during myogenesis. Targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) to the plasma membrane reduced PIP3 levels, inhibited bubbling blebs and rescued myoblast fusion defects in RD cells. These findings highlight the differential distribution and crucial role of PIP3 during myoblast fusion and reveal a novel mechanism underlying myogenesis defects in human rhabdomyosarcoma.
An α7-related nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediates the ciliary arrest response in pharyngeal gill slits of Ciona
Authors: Jokura Kei , Nishino Junko M. , Ogasawara Michio , Nishino Atsuo
Published: March 2020

Ciliary movement is a fundamental process to support animal life, and the movement pattern may be altered in response to external stimuli under the control of nervous systems. Juvenile and adult ascidians have ciliary arrays around their pharyngeal gill slits (stigmata), and continuous beating is interrupted for seconds by mechanical stimuli on other parts of the body. Although it has been suggested that neural transmission to evoke ciliary arrest is cholinergic, its molecular basis has not yet been elucidated in detail. We herein attempted to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying this neurociliary transmission in the model ascidian Ciona. Acetylcholinesterase histochemical staining showed strong signals on the laterodistal ciliated cells of stigmata, hereafter referred to as trapezial cells. The direct administration of acetylcholine (ACh) and other agonists of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) onto ciliated cells reliably evoked ciliary arrest that persisted for seconds in a dose-dependent manner. Only one isoform among all nAChR subunits encoded in the Ciona genome, called nAChR-A7/8-1, a relative of vertebrate α7 nAChRs, was expressed by trapezial cells. Exogenously expressed nAChR-A7/8-1 on Xenopus oocytes responded to ACh and other agonists with consistent pharmacological traits to those observed in vivo. Further efforts to examine signaling downstream of this receptor revealed that an inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC) hampered ACh-induced ciliary arrest. We herein propose that homomeric α7-related nAChR-A7/8-1 mediates neurociliary transmission in Ciona stigmata to elicit persistent ciliary arrest by recruiting intracellular Ca2+ signaling.
Experimental support towards a metabolic proxy in fish using otolith carbon isotopes
Authors: Martino Jasmin C. , Doubleday Zoë A. , Chung Ming-Tsung , Gillanders Bronwyn M.
Published: March 2020

Metabolic rate underpins our understanding of how species survive, reproduce and interact with their environment, but can be difficult to measure in wild fish. Stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) in ear stones (otoliths) of fish may reflect lifetime metabolic signatures but experimental validation is required to advance our understanding of the relationship. To this end, we reared juvenile Australasian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus), an iconic fishery species, at different temperatures and used intermittent-flow respirometry to calculate standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and absolute aerobic scope (AAS). Subsequently, we analysed δ13C and oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in otoliths using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. We found that under increasing temperatures, δ13C and δ18O significantly decreased, while SMR and MMR significantly increased. Negative logarithmic relationships were found between δ13C in otoliths and both SMR and MMR, while exponential decay curves were observed between proportions of metabolically sourced carbon in otoliths (Moto) and both measured and theoretical SMR. We show that basal energy for subsistence living and activity metabolism, both core components of field metabolic rates, contribute towards incorporation of δ13C into otoliths and support the use of δ13C as a metabolic proxy in field settings. The functional shapes of the logarithmic and exponential decay curves indicated that physiological thresholds regulate relationships between δ13C and metabolic rates due to upper thresholds of Moto. Here, we present quantitative experimental evidence to support the development of an otolith-based metabolic proxy, which could be a powerful tool in reconstructing lifetime biological trends in wild fish.
Recent advances in understanding the genetics of sleep
Authors: Jan Maxime , O'Hara Bruce F. , Franken Paul
Published: March 2020

Sleep is a ubiquitous and complex behavior both in its manifestation and regulation. Despite its essential role in maintaining optimal performance, health, and well-being, the genetic mechanisms underlying sleep remain poorly understood. We here review the forward genetic approaches undertaken in the last 4 years to elucidate the genes and gene pathways affecting sleep and its regulation. Despite an increasing number of studies mining large databases, a coherent picture on ‘sleep’ genes has yet to emerge. We highlight the results achieved using unbiased genetic screens in human, mouse, and the fruit fly with emphasis on normal sleep and make reference to lessons learned from the circadian field.
Where is the nation-state heading to?
Authors: Mladenovich Miroslav , Miloshevich M.
Published: March 2020

Although the state still acts as the main unit of historical, political, cultural, and economic life, many powerful factors force it to gradually abandon some of its traditional features and give way to larger transnational institutions. This trend will certainly continue to develop in the future. However, it would be wrong to conclude that this process is a one-sided and unambiguous. In fact, sovereignty in many segments will decrease and disappear, but there are elements in which it will persist and even grow. It is therefore unjustifiable to rush to proclaim the national state's death. It will continue to be one of the leading actors, because, as some researchers point out, a sharp reduction in sovereignty and violation of the traditional functions of the state can easily lead to chaos.

This study aims to analyze and to describe the position and prospects of the nation state in the context of globalization. In a significantly changed socio-political situation, the question of the fate of the main political life subject within each society cannot be omitted.

Considering that the state is an extremely complex and changeable phenomenon, the methodological apparatus for its examination should be very broad.

In this study, which fits into the political philosophy field of the social sciences, the systemic method was used as the main one (inspection of various connections and relations within the state and its relationship with the external environment), as well as comparative method (socio-economic, political, social, historical, and other situations in various regions of the world). To a certain extent, political and legal analyses were carried out when considering the position of a citizen-individual in a changing world. This is of utmost significance, as the acceptance (voluntarily or compulsorily) of someone else's experience and institutions requires a change in both political and general culture.
Social Gift as an Act of Communication: the Problem of Digitalization
Authors: Zaharov M. , Starovoytova I. , Shishkova Anastasiya
Published: March 2020

Based on the study of modern domestic and foreign literature, the article reveals a variety of methodological approaches to the phenomenon of social gifting. The structure, essence, stages and functions of the gift act are analyzed. It is shown that a social gift is a non-verbal means of communication, a carrier of encoded information about the gift giver, the gift acceptor and the gift situation itself, aimed at establishing, maintaining and strengthening long-term social ties. The informational and symbolic effects of gift are disclosed, it is said about the change in the communication properties of a gift in modern society. The authors of the article showed that in a communication society, along with the positive aspects of social donation (ease of transmission, high level of emotionality, high social impact, etc.), negative aspects are also inevitable: an increase in the moment of uncertainty, non-guaranteed positivity of the consequences of the gift. The analysis of new forms of social gift: virtual gifts, digital gifts, gifts through social networks — is of particular interest. The authors investigate the new social risks of such gifts: insufficient privacy, excessive openness, the danger of losing the national-cultural component of the gift act, etc. The article is of great interest to all who study social transformations taking place in a communication society.
Associations between care network types and psychological well-being among Dutch older adults
Authors: van Groenou Marjolein Broese
Published: March 2020

This study examines the mechanisms underlying the association between care network types and psychological well-being. Care recipients in the 2015/16 wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (N = 607) reported on the structural (size and composition) and functional features of care network types (satisfaction, feeling in control of care and care attitudes). Those in a mixed care network reported the highest depressive symptoms, while those in a spousal care network and a privately paid care network reported the lowest. The importance of being in control of care interacts with care network type on well-being. The results corroborate that both informal and formal caregivers need to help older persons to remain in control of care.
Optical monitoring of a two-substance structured area with nonmatrix detectors
Authors: Martirosyan A. E. , Kostanyan R. B. , Muzhikyan P. H. , Azizbekyan H. H. , Zargaryan D. G.
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we describe a novel concept, to the best of our knowledge, to monitor changes in the landscape with two arbitrarily distributed substances. To record signals from the mock-up scene, nonmatrix detectors are used, which work in the linear sensitivity range. The formulas that describe the parameters of distributed substances are derived. They allow one to find distribution centers of the two substances, drift and drift speed of the centers, radial standard deviations and their changing rates, and areas of each substance. The technique has been applied to monitor remotely the mock-up scene, which imitates the landscape of vegetation restoration after a fire.
Self-localization of an uncalibrated camera through invariant properties and coded target location
Authors: Chan-Ley Mariana , Olague Gustavo , Altamirano-Gomez Gerardo E. , Clemente Eddie
Published: March 2020

This paper recalls one of the most critical problems for the area of
computer vision, the automatic location of a single camera. Today,
several robotic devices rely on technologies other than visual
information to perform self-localization. An artificial optical system
will significantly benefit from knowing its location within a
three-dimensional world since this is a crucial step to approach other
complex tasks. In this paper, we will show how to compute the position
of the camera through an uncalibrated method making use of projective
properties, the projection model of the camera, and some reference
points. We introduce a simple yet powerful way to detect coded targets
in photographic images. Then, we describe an uncalibrated approach
used to identify the location of a camera in three-dimensional space.
The experiments carried out confirm the validity of our proposal.
Scalable Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Networks with Untrusted Relays
Authors: Lo Hoi-Kwong , Wang Wenyuan , Xu Feihu
Published: March 2020

We review the recent developments of quantum key distribution networks with untrusted relays based on the concept of Measurement-Device-Independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD).
Advanced DSP for Monitoring and Mitigation in Optical Transport Networks
Authors: Hoshida Takeshi , Tanimura Takahito , Oda Shoichiro , Yoshida Setsuo , Nakashima Hisao , Huang Guoxiu , Tao Zhenning
Published: March 2020

DSP-based transceivers with enhanced monitoring and mitigation capabilities enable highly efficient transport networking with minimized excess margin and open line systems with enhanced availability. Examples for such advanced DSP algorithms are introduced.
Talbot effect in waveforms containing subwavelength multilobe superoscillations
Authors: Deng Zhigui , Shapira Niv , Remez Roei , Li Yongyao , Arie Ady
Published: March 2020

The self-imaging of periodic light patterns, also known as the Talbot effect, is usually limited to periods that are larger than the wavelength. Here we present, theoretically and experimentally, a method to overcome this limitation by using superoscillating light patterns. The input intensity distribution is a periodic band-limited function with relatively large periods, but it contains regions of multilobe periodic oscillations with periods that are smaller than half of the wavelength. We observe the revival of the input pattern, including the subwavelength superoscillating regions, at large distances of more than 40 times the optical wavelength. Moreover, at fractional Talbot distances, we observe even faster local oscillations, with periods of approximately one-third of the optical wavelength.
Laser-induced damage thresholds and mechanism of silica glass induced by ultra-short soft x-ray laser pulse irradiation
Authors: Mikami Katsuhiro , Ishino Masahiko , Dinh Thanh-Hung , Motokoshi Shinji , Hasegawa Noboru , Kon Akira , Inubushi Yuichi , Owada Shigeki , Kinoshita Hiroo , Nishikino Masaharu
Published: March 2020

Laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) of silica glasses obtained by the femtosecond soft x-ray free-electron laser (SXFEL, 13.5 nm, 70 fs) and the picosecond soft x-ray laser (SXRL, 13.9 nm, 7 ps) are evaluated. The volume of the hydroxyl group in the silica glasses influenced its LIDTs. The LIDTs obtained in this research by the femtosecond SXFEL and the picosecond SXRL were nearly identical, but were different from that by the nanosecond soft x-ray pulse. The photoionization processes of silica glass in context of the laser-induced damage mechanism (LIDM) are also discussed. In the ultra-short soft x-ray pulse irradiation regime, the LIDM can be speculated to include the spallation process with a scission of bondings.
Landau broadening of plasmonic resonances in the Mie theory
Authors: Ikhsanov Renat Sh. , Protsenko Igor E. , Smetanin Igor V. , Uskov Alexander V.
Published: March 2020

Landau damping in the metal nanosphere is considered beyond the quasistatic approximation with the use of the exact Mie theory when an incident plane wave can excite not only the dipole mode but also higher-order modes. In resonance approximation, when one considers excitation of a single mode, the analytical formula for the Landau damping coefficient for various modes has been derived. It was demonstrated that the simultaneous excitation of several eigenmodes, which are overlapped in the frequency domain, can lead to substantial correction of the Landau damping coefficients for the modes.
Fiber-optic photoacoustic gas sensor with temperature self-compensation
Authors: Chen Ke , Yang Beilei , Guo Min , Deng Hong , Zhang Bo , Liu Shuai , Li Chenyang , An Ran , Peng Wei , Yu Qingxu
Published: March 2020

A high-precision fiber-optic photoacoustic (PA) gas sensor with temperature self-compensation is reported. The target gas diffuses into a micro-chamber and absorbs the laser energy to generate a PA signal, which is detected by a Fabry–Perot interferometric cantilever. The temperature affects not only the acoustic sensitivity of the cantilever, but also the PA conversion efficiency. The test result of the PA frequency response demonstrates that there is a temperature-insensitive operating frequency of 1208.4 Hz in the range of 0–80°C. The temperature self-compensated measurement was realized by setting the laser modulation frequency to 604.2 Hz and using the second-harmonic detection technique.
Adjustable large-area dielectric metasurfaces for near-normal oblique incident excitation
Authors: Ahiboz Doğuşcan , Manley Phillip , Becker Christiane
Published: March 2020

We present large-area (25 cm2) dielectric metasurfaces based on silicon photonic crystal slabs. Adjustment of the slab thickness allows to systematically shift the metasurface resonances over several hundreds of nanometers. We compute the three-dimensional field energy density near the surface and determine optimum slab thicknesses for selected near-infrared excitation wavelengths applied in biophotonics. Our simulations reveal up to 17-fold enhanced near-field energy densities at normal incidence, but over 500-fold enhancement at 4° incident excitation. We explain this behaviour via the coupling of external radiation with symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum. These results enable metasurface-enhanced spectroscopy on large areas and underline the benefit of slight oblique incidence excitation conditions.
Optomechanical cooling and self-stabilization of a waveguide coupled to a whispering-gallery-mode resonator
Authors: Pennetta Riccardo , Xie Shangran , Zeltner Richard , Hammer Jonas , Russell Philip St. J.
Published: March 2020

Laser cooling of mechanical degrees of freedom is one of the most significant achievements in the field of optomechanics. Here, we report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, efficient passive optomechanical cooling of the motion of a freestanding waveguide coupled to a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonator. The waveguide is an 8 mm long glass-fiber nanospike, which has a fundamental flexural resonance at

Ω
/
2
π
=
2.5
  
kHz

and a

Q

-factor of

1.2
×

10
5

. Upon launching

∼
250
  
μW

laser power at an optical frequency close to the WGM resonant frequency, we observed cooling of the nanospike resonance from room temperature down to 1.8 K. Simultaneous cooling of the first higher-order mechanical mode is also observed. The strong suppression of the overall Brownian motion of the nanospike, observed as an 11.6 dB reduction in its mean square displacement, indicates strong optomechanical stabilization of linear coupling between the nanospike and the cavity mode. The cooling is caused predominantly by a combination of photothermal effects and optical forces between nanospike and WGM resonator. The results are of direct relevance in the many applications of WGM resonators, including atom physics, optomechanics, and sensing.
The portrayal of victims of intimate femicide in the South African media
Authors: Spies Amanda
Published: March 2020

This article reflects on the murders of Reeva Steenkamp (2013), Jayde Panayiotou (2015), Susan Rhode (2016) and Karabo Mokoena (2017) and questions how victims of intimate femicide are portrayed in the South African media. Media reporting on intimate femicide clearly illustrates how the murder of women by their intimate partners, are framed as isolated incidents rather than a systemic problem situated within a social context of male dominance. It is therefore increasingly important to understand how the media portrays victimhood and violence. This article explores how the murder of women by their partners are rarely classified as femicide, and how the media’s portrayal of these murders fails to convey the systemic nature of violence against women that also entrenches racial and class-based oppression by seemingly valuing some lives more than others. The focus is on the power of the media to obscure the nature of intimate partner violence, which entrenches a notion of ideal victimhood. In conclusion, the South African government’s response to this form of violence is explored, and the need for responsible reporting is called for in reporting on cases of intimate femicide.
VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA AS MULHERES – HERANÇA CRUEL DO PATRIARCADO
Authors: Colling Ana Maria
Published: March 2020

Este texto tem como proposta uma análise histórica da violência contra a mulher, como conseqüência do patriarcado, corporificado nos aparatos jurídicos que lhe deram legitimidade, longevidade e naturalização no corpo social. Além das Constituições brasileiras  de 1824  e 1891 onde a mulher era desconsiderada como sujeito, o Código Civil de 1916 que instaurou o crime em defesa da honra, são aqui analisados. A violência contra a mulher é um problema de toda a sociedade. Se de um lado, o Brasil é um dos países mais avançados em relação às leis que tentam coibir e punir a violência, por outro lado, paradoxalmente, é o quinto país que mais mata mulheres no mundo.
COEDUCACIÓN EN EL ÁMBITO FAMILIAR: UN ESTUDIO DESCRIPTIVO DE LAS ACTITUDES HACIA LA IGUALDAD DE GÉNERO EN FAMILIAS ESPAÑOLAS
Authors: Valverde Montesino Susana , Miguel Parra Jesús , Calatayud Estrada María Luisa , Kozak Cino Griselda Sofía
Published: March 2020

RESUMENEl presente artículo analiza el posicionamiento de las familias hacia la igualdad de género en función de tres tipos de actitudes (bloqueadoras, adaptativas y coeducativas). Para ello, se examinaron las respuestas obtenidas por  83 padres y 92 madres en el cuestionario de actitudes hacia la coeducación de GONZÁLEZ-PIÑAL, RODRÍGUEZ y GARCÍA (2013); teniendo en cuenta variables como la edad y el sexo de los progenitores, núcleo familiar, nivel de estudios y nacionalidad. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la mayoría de las familias mostraron actitudes coeducativas, aunque las madres manifestaron actitudes más igualitarias que los padres.  Un número importante de padres no respondieron de forma coeducativa a las cuestiones. Es necesario, por tanto, que los padres participen en programas educativos encaminados a despatriarcalizar la educación y a fomentar un trato igualitario en el ámbito familiar, que permita a los niños y niñas construir identidades libres de estereotipos de género.PALABRAS-CLAVE: Actitudes coeducativas. Familias. Despatriarcalización. Estereotipos de género.
VÍNCULOS Y COMUNIDAD: INTRODUCCIÓN DE LA ÉTICA DEL CUIDADO EN EDUCACIÓN A TRAVÉS DE ESTRUCTURAS PARTICIPATIVAS.
Authors: Bernardos Hernández Alicia , Martínez Martín Irene , Sobes Canales Irene
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo describe el proyecto desarrollado durante los cursos 2017/18 y 2018/19 en un instituto público de educación secundaria de la Comunidad de Madrid (España). El objetivo fue introducir paulatinamente la ética del cuidado en la organización del centro, prestando atención al desarrollo de la identidad relacional del alumnado, y fomentando tanto vínculos de apoyo y ayuda, como acciones para la mejora de lo común. A través de una investigación – acción desarrollada a partir de un seminario de formación del profesorado, se construyeron estructuras participativas en todos los niveles de enseñanza secundaria obligatoria, que supusieron espacios de escucha de necesidades, y que permitieron: la vinculación del alumnado con intereses compartidos, el desarrollo de relaciones de cuidado, la implicación en la mejora de la institución, y la resolución de conflictos de forma dialogada. Se concluyó que esta línea de acción aumenta el bienestar colectivo, fin último de la educación.
LA MAESTRA FRANQUISTA EN EL IMAGINARIO DEL ALUMNADO FEMENINO. UN ESTUDIO A TRAVÉS DE TESTIMONIOS ORALES
Authors: Sanz Simón Carlos , SONLLEVA VELASCO MIRIAM
Published: March 2020

El franquismo supuso un periodo de reconfiguración del papel de la mujer en la sociedad. Bajo el amparo del nacionalcatolicismo, España se sumió en una dictadura de cuarenta años que devolvió a la mujer al modelo tradicional y conservador –y por ende católico– contrario al republicano. Un cambio paradigmático especialmente palpable en las escuelas, entendidas como el principal medio para la difusión del planteamiento social del Régimen, y uno de los principales espacios laborales tradicionalmente femeninos. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer cuál es el recuerdo de la maestra del franquismo en el alumnado femenino de la época a través de las fuentes orales, entendiendo estas como el principal medio para el estudio de las emociones y las representaciones humanas. Para ello, se hace énfasis en las características de la maestra, su práctica docente y su relación con otros agentes socioeducativos, como la familia y la comunidad social.
PADRÕES DE BELEZA, FEMINILIDADE E CONJUGALIDADE EM PRINCESAS DA DISNEY: UMA ANÁLISE DE CONTINGÊNCIAS
Authors: Maia Ana  Claudia Bortolozzi , Venturin Ana Beatriz , Longhitano Bianca , Ribeiro Leite Márcia Gabriela , Macedo Gravalos Nathalia
Published: March 2020

Os contos de fadas, ao longo dos tempos, influenciam sobre os padrões sociais na infância. Esta pesquisa qualitativa documental, analisou a figura da mulher em princesas de três filmes infantis da Disney:  “Branca de Neve e os Sete Anões” (1937), “Mulan” (1998) e “Moana” (2017). A partir de uma análise de contingências de três termos, foram identificados três conjuntos de padrões: (1) beleza/estética, (2) feminilidade e (3) conjugalidade nas personagens femininas principais dos filmes. Os resultados mostram a mudança dos modelos, com a temporalidade: na década de 40, uma mulher submissa, cuja felicidade depende de um casamento com um príncipe; nos anos 90, uma mulher que questiona e luta para ser diferente e, atualmente, uma princesa sem um parceiro romântico. Conclui-se que as mudanças observadas nos filmes quanto aos padrões estéticos, femininos e conjugais indicam uma tendência importante no caminho da equidade de gênero.
ON EVALUATION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL ISOGEOMETRIC BEAM ELEMENT
Authors: Dvořáková Edita , Patzák Bořek
Published: March 2020

The exact description of the arbitrarily curved geometries, including conic sections, is an undeniable advantage of isogeometric analysis (IGA) over standard finite element method (FEM). With B-spline/NURBS approximation functions used for both geometry and unknown approximations, IGA is able to exactly describe beams of various shapes and thus eliminate the geometry approximation errors. Moreover, naturally higher continuity than standard C0 can be provided along the entire computational domain. This paper evaluates the performance of the nonlinear spatial Bernoulli beam adapted from formulation of Bauer et al. [1]. The element formulation is presented and the comparison with standard FEM straight beam element and fully three-dimensional analysis is provided. Although the element is capable of geometrically nonlinear analysis, only geometrically linear cases are evaluated for the purposes of this study.
INFLUENCE OF MATERIAL DAMPING ON THE RESPONSE OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Pavelcová Veronika , Poklopová Tereza , Šejnoha Michal , Janda Tomáš
Published: March 2020

The paper describes a finite element simulation of the response of a real underground structure subjected to earthquake using GEO5 FEM program. It concentrates on the influence of material damping with respect to a specific type of boundary condition prescribed at the bottom of the analyzed domain. It is seen that considering material damping is inevitable particularly in case of so called fixed boundary conditions to arrive at meaningful results. This is demonstrated on an artificial earthquake generated according to a design spectrum defined in Eurocode 8. A viscous damping ratio combined with the results of eigenvalue analysis is used to derive parameters of Rayleigh damping for three specific scenarios promoting the approach based on the lowest natural frequency as sufficiently accurate for the present task.
DENSITOMETRY-BASED FEM SIMULATIONS OF NOVEL POROUS IMPLANTS AND CORRESPONDING STRESS DISTRIBUTION AT THE PERI-IMPLANT AREA
Authors: Řehounek Luboš , Jíra Aleš
Published: March 2020

The presented work focuses on determining the stress distribution at the peri-implant area around dental implants. A numerical analysis simulating the conditions of chewing food has been performed on a FEM model. This model has been created using anonymized real patient CT data and a dental implant model developed at CTU. The CT data served as a 3D geometry and also as a way to construct the global matrix of stiffness of the bone material. Bone density was used as the defining parameter in determining the values of Young’s moduli of individual finite elements by the computational program (Mechanical Finder). The implant was introduced as a user-created STL file, which was imported to the computational software and situated inside the geometry of the human mandible. The results show that, as predicted, porous implants achieve higher values of minimum principal stress in the bone as opposed to homogeneous implants (13.4 MPa vs. 7.0 MPa), thus reducing stress shielding.
Maestros futuros y TIC
Authors: Nuñez Colás Juan Manuel , Martínez Felipe María
Published: March 2020

La tecnología está cambiando nuestra forma de trabajar, comunicarnos o entretenernos y la educación no puede vivir ajena a esta realidad. Desde una visión sistémica y con una buena dosis de reflexión y coherencia pedagógica, debemos ser capaces de entender y abordar los retos que ya hoy se nos plantean y los que podemos intuir que están por venir y dotar a nuestros docentes de las competencias digitales y personales necesarias para poder afrontarlos contribuyendo a la mejora de la calidad y equidad del sistema educativo.
Cybersicherheit
Authors: Weber Karsten , Christen Markus , Herrmann Dominik
Published: March 2020

Die monetären Kosten, die jährlich weltweit durch Cyberattacken entstehen, wachsen stetig und bewegen sich in Dimensionen, die mit öffentlichen Haushalten ganzer Staaten verglichen werden können. Cyberattacken treffen Individuen, Unternehmen, öffentliche Einrichtungen, Behörden und Regierungen; sie treffen eine Infrastruktur, ohne die moderne Gesellschaften kaum mehr funktionieren. Doch die Gewährleistung von Cybersicherheit kann zu Zielkonflikten führen. Die Technologien zur Herstellung von Sicherheit und Resilienz dieser Infrastruktur sollten daher Gegenstand der Technikfolgenabschätzung sein.
Bedrohung, Verwundbarkeit, Werte und Schaden
Authors: Weber Karsten , Christen Markus , Herrmann Dominik
Published: March 2020

Die monetären Kosten, die jährlich weltweit durch Cyberattacken entstehen, wachsen stetig und bewegen sich in Dimensionen, die mit öffentlichen Haushalten ganzer Staaten verglichen werden können. Cyberattacken treffen Individuen, Unternehmen, öffentliche Einrichtungen, Behörden und Regierungen; sie treffen eine Infrastruktur, ohne die moderne Gesellschaften kaum mehr funktionieren. Doch die Gewährleistung von Cybersicherheit kann zu Zielkonflikten führen. Die Technologien zur Herstellung von Sicherheit und Resilienz dieser Infrastruktur sollten daher Gegenstand der Technikfolgenabschätzung sein.
„Powieść o szwedzkim lęku” czyli kryminał jako zwierciadło zmian społecznych, historycznych i kulturowych na przykładzie cyklu „Wallander” Henninga Mankella
Authors: Jakubowska Małgorzata Anna
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this thesis is to show how popculture works are expressions of the social narrative of historical, social and cultural changes that took place in Sweden in the 90s. This dissertation is based on Henning Mankell’s Wallander Cycle. This work will focus on the problem created after 1989, speciality the problem of immigration and issue of educational values fall.