bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empagliflozin alters lipid metabolism in the myocardium and liver in a prediabetes model with severe dyslipidemia
Authors: Miklankova Denisa , Markova Irena , Hüttl Martina , Malinska Hana
Published: July 2024

Background and aims

Recent studies suggest that empagliflozin reduces total and cardiovascular mortality in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Although the exact mechanism is unclear, it is understood to positively affect myocardial energetics, including the metabolism of ketone bodies, lipids, and fatty acids. In this study, we compared empagliflozin effects on lipid metabolism in the heart and liver in a prediabetic rat model with severe dyslipidemia.

Materials and methods

Wistar rats served as the control group, while hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats were used as a nonobese, prediabetic model. Rats were treated with or without empagliflozin at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 8 weeks.

Results

In HHTg rats, empagliflozin decreased body weight and adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased serum triacylglycerols (TAGs) (p < 0.001). Empagliflozin decreased the activity and gene expression of the lipogenic enzyme SCD-1 (p < 0.001) in the myocardium, which may have led to a decrease in the ectopic accumulation of TAGs and lipotoxic diacylglycerols and lysophosphatidylcholines (p < 0.001). Changes in the myocardial phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio (p < 0.01) and in the fatty acid profile of myocardial phospholipids may have contributed to the antifibrotic effects of empagliflozin. The anti-inflammatory effects of empagliflozin were evidenced by an increased IL-10/TNFα ratio (p < 0.001), a marked decrease in arachidonic acid metabolites (20-HETE, p < 0.001), and an increase in PUFA metabolites (14,15-EETs, p < 0.001) in the myocardium. However, empagliflozin did not significantly affect either the concentration or utilization of ketone bodies. In the liver, empagliflozin decreased lipogenesis and the accumulation of TAGs and lipotoxic intermediates. Its effect on arachidonic acid metabolites and alterations in n-3 PUFA metabolism was less pronounced than in the myocardium.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that empagliflozin treatment in the heart and liver reduced the accumulation of neutral lipids and lipotoxic intermediates and altered the metabolism of n-3 PUFA. In the heart, empagliflozin altered arachidonic acid metabolism, which is likely associated with the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of the drug. We assume that these alterations in lipid metabolism contribute to the cardioprotective effects of empagliflozin in prediabetic states with severe dyslipidemia.
All-trans retinoic acid in hematologic disorders: not just acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Chen Yan , Tong Xia , Lu Rongyuan , Zhang Zhengfu , Ma Tao
Published: July 2024

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plays a role in tissue development, neural function, reproduction, vision, cell growth and differentiation, tumor immunity, and apoptosis. ATRA can act by inducing autophagic signaling, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and immune function. In the blood system ATRA was first used with great success in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), where ATRA differentiated leukemia cells into mature granulocytes. ATRA can play a role not only in APL, but may also play a role in other hematologic diseases such as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML), aplastic anemia (AA), multiple myeloma (MM), etc., especially by regulating mesenchymal stem cells and regulatory T cells for the treatment of ITP. ATRA can also increase the expression of CD38 expressed by tumor cells, thus improving the efficacy of daratumumab and CD38-CART. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of action of ATRA, its role in various hematologic diseases, drug combinations, and ongoing clinical trials.
Mitochondrial inhibitors: a new horizon in breast cancer therapy
Authors: Yan Yalan , Li Sijie , Su Lanqian , Tang Xinrui , Chen Xiaoyan , Gu Xiang , Yang Guanhu , Chi Hao , Huang Shangke
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer, due to resistance to standard therapies such as endocrine therapy, anti-HER2 therapy and chemotherapy, continues to pose a major health challenge. A growing body of research emphasizes the heterogeneity and plasticity of metabolism in breast cancer. Because differences in subtypes exhibit a bias toward metabolic pathways, targeting mitochondrial inhibitors shows great potential as stand-alone or adjuvant cancer therapies. Multiple therapeutic candidates are currently in various stages of preclinical studies and clinical openings. However, specific inhibitors have been shown to face multiple challenges (e.g., single metabolic therapies, mitochondrial structure and enzymes, etc.), and combining with standard therapies or targeting multiple metabolic pathways may be necessary. In this paper, we review the critical role of mitochondrial metabolic functions, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, in metabolic reprogramming of breast cancer cells. In addition, we outline the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on metabolic pathways in different subtypes of breast cancer and mitochondrial inhibitors targeting different metabolic pathways, aiming to provide additional ideas for the development of mitochondrial inhibitors and to improve the efficacy of existing therapies for breast cancer.
A combination of plant-based compounds and extracts acts nematicidal and induces resistance against Meloidogyne incognita in tomato
Authors: Degroote Eva , Schoorens Chloë , Pockelé Stefaan , Stojilković Boris , Demeestere Kristof , Mangelinckx Sven , Kyndt Tina
Published: July 2024

Considering the stricter European regulations for chemical pesticides (e.g. abolishment of the use of chemical soil fumigation products, such as methyl bromide), the need for more sustainable plant protection products is strongly increasing. In this research, Product X, an innovative mixture of bio-nematicidal compounds was developed and evaluated for efficacy. Product X showed a direct nematicidal effect against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. In pot trials with tomato plants infected with M. incognita, Product X treatment lead to a significant reduction in nematode-induced gall formation. mRNA-sequencing indicated alterations in phytohormone levels and ROS-metabolism in tomato roots upon treatment with Product X, which was subsequently biochemically validated. Increased levels of abscisic acid and peroxidase activity seem to be the main factors in the response of tomato plants to Product X. Long-term administration of Product X did not yield negative effects on tomato growth or yield. In conclusion, Product X provides a new interesting mix of bio-active compounds in the combat against root-knot nematodes.
Identification of a major QTL underlying sugar content in peanut kernels based on the RIL mapping population
Authors: Wang Feifei , Miao Huarong , Zhang Shengzhong , Hu Xiaohui , Li Chunjuan , Chu Ye , Chen Charles , Zhong Wen , Zhang Tianyu , Wang Heng , Xu Linying , Yang Weiqiang , Chen Jing
Published: July 2024

High sugar content in peanut seeds is one of the major breeding objectives for peanut flavor improvement. In order to explore the genetic control of sugar accumulation in peanut kernels, we constructed a recombinant inbred line population of 256 F2:6-7 lines derived from the Luhua11 × 06B16 cross. A high-resolution genetic map was constructed with 3692 bin markers through whole genome re-sequencing. The total map distance was 981.65 cM and the average bin marker distance was 0.27cM. A major stable QTL region (qSCB09/qSSCB09) was identified on linkage group (LG) B09 associated with both sucrose content (SC) and soluble sugar content (SSC) explaining 21.51-33.58% phenotypic variations. This major QTL region was consistently detected in three environments and mapped within a physical interval of 1.56 Mb on chromosome B09, and six candidate genes were identified. These results provide valuable information for further map-based cloning of favorable allele for sugar content in peanut.
The effects of gesture and action training on the retention of math equivalence
Authors: Kersey Alyssa J. , Carrazza Cristina , Novack Miriam A. , Congdon Eliza L. , Wakefield Elizabeth M. , Hemani-Lopez Naureen , Goldin-Meadow Susan
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Hand gestures and actions-with-objects (hereafter ‘actions’) are both forms of movement that can promote learning. However, the two have unique affordances, which means that they have the potential to promote learning in different ways. Here we compare how children learn, and importantly retain, information after performing gestures, actions, or a combination of the two during instruction about mathematical equivalence. We also ask whether individual differences in children’s understanding of mathematical equivalence (as assessed by spontaneous gesture before instruction) impacts the effects of gesture- and action-based instruction.

Method

Across two studies, racially and ethnically diverse third and fourth-grade students (N=142) were given instruction about how to solve mathematical equivalence problems (eg., 2+9+4=__+4) as part of a pretest-training-posttest design. In Study 1, instruction involved teaching students to produce either actions or gestures. In Study 2, instruction involved teaching students to produce either actions followed by gestures or gestures followed by actions. Across both studies, speech and gesture produced during pretest explanations were coded and analyzed to measure individual differences in pretest understanding. Children completed written posttests immediately after instruction, as well as the following day, and four weeks later, to assess learning, generalization and retention.

Results

In Study 1 we find that, regardless of individual differences in pre-test understanding of mathematical equivalence, children learn from both action and gesture, but gesture-based instruction promotes retention better than action-based instruction. In Study 2 we find an influence of individual differences: children who produced relatively few types of problem-solving strategies (as assessed by their pre-test gestures and speech) perform better when they receive action training before gesture training than when they receive gesture training first. In contrast, children who expressed many types of strategies, and thus had a more complex understanding of mathematical equivalence prior to instruction, performed equally with both orders.

Discussion

These results demonstrate that action training, followed by gesture, can be a useful stepping-stone in the initial stages of learning mathematical equivalence, and that gesture training can help learners retain what they learn.
Psychometric properties of the self-report version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Scale in a sample of Hungarian adolescents and young adults
Authors: Vajsz Kornél , Paulina Laura R. , Trejo Salvador , Andaverde-Vega Adrián A. , Swanson James M. , Miklósi Mónika
Published: July 2024

The Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviour Scale (SWAN) measures the full spectrum of attention and activity symptoms, not just the negative end of the distribution. Previous studies revealed strong psychometric properties of the parent and teacher report versions; however, there is little research on the new self-report form of the SWAN. Therefore, our research aimed to explore the psychometric characteristics of the SWAN self-report. A non-clinical sample of young women (N = 664, mean age: 20.01 years, SD: 3.08 years) completed the SWAN self-report, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF). We tested several models using confirmatory factor analyses to assess the factorial validity of the SWAN self-report. Distributional characteristics, convergent, and predictive validity were assessed. A bifactor model with a general factor and a specific inattention factor (bifactor-1) provided the best fit in our data (CFI = 0.977, TLI/NFI = 0.972, RMSEA = 0.053 [90% CI: 0.047 – 0.059], SRMR = 0.061, ω = 0.90). The reliability of the general ADHD factor was good (ωh = 0.87), and the specific inattention factor was acceptable (ωh = 0.73). The distribution of the SWAN self-report scores did not differ from the normal distribution. A strong correlation between the SWAN and the SDQ Hyperactivity subscale was found. The analyses revealed good predictive validity. Our results suggest that the SWAN self-report is a valuable tool for assessing symptoms of ADHD in adolescents and young adults.
An analysis of risk factors and current status of depressive mood in mid-to-late adolescence and early adulthood in northern China
Authors: Yang Xueping , Miao Junxiao , Bai Yunlong , Li Lili , Zhuang Gengsen
Published: July 2024

Introduction

At present, the incidence of adolescent depression is increasing each year, having a wide and profound impact on adolescents. This study investigated the mood state of mid-to-late adolescents and young adults and analyzed related factors; clarified the incidence of depression, suicide, and self-injurious thoughts/behaviors in this population; and conducted relevant analysis of related factors of depression and anxiety.

Methods

Study subjects were students aged 14–25 years, from three high schools and one university in Liaoning Province. Study subjects were evaluated using several questionnaires that combined online and offline methods. Specifically, the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Chinese version of the Spence Child Anxiety Scale (SCAS), and a general questionnaire were utilized. Single-factor ANOVA, t-test, Chi-square, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results

The results showed that, among the 14–17-year-old subjects, the incidence of depression was 336 (14.7%), the incidence of anxiety was 763 (33.5%). Among the 18–25-year-old subjects, the incidence of depression was 34 (8.6%), the incidence of anxiety was 7 (1.8%). In the general questionnaire, 2081 (77.8%) individuals were depressed, 689 (25.8%) had thoughts of self-injury, and 323 (12.1%) had self-injurious behaviors. Among the 14–17-year-old subjects, 1789 (78.46%) were depressed, 689 (30.22%) had self-injury thoughts, and 319 (1.71%) had self-injurious behaviors. Among the 18–25-year-old subjects, 292 (73.92%) were depressed, but 4 (1.01%) had self-injurious behaviors. The incidence of depression and anxiety in adolescents is high, presenting with a certain risk of self-injury. However, age is an important factor in the occurrence of depression and anxiety; among the 18–25-year-old subjects, the incidence of depression (8.6% vs. 4.7%) and anxiety (1.8% vs. 33.5%) was lower than that among the 14–17-year-old population. Through comparative analysis, adolescents aged 14–17 remained at high risk of depression and anxiety.

Discussion

In the analysis of risk factors for depression and anxiety, relationships with classmates, teachers, and parents were reported as important influencing factors of emotional state. Further, a good coping style was found to be protective against depression and anxiety.
Impact of urban and rural residents medical insurance on self-rated health of residents in China: a panel study from the China family panel studies national baseline survey
Authors: Si-Yuan Yu , Ya-Ting Chen , Xiao-Yue Xiao , Dan Wu , Xin-hao Lin , Wen Liu , Tong Pei , Xue-Hui Meng
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the health performance of the Urban and Rural Residents Medical Insurance (URRMI) scheme in China and to make practical recommendations and scientific references for its full implementation in China.

Methods

This is a panel study that uses data from the China Family Panel Studies from 2018 to 2020, which is separated into treated and control groups each year, utilizing the key approach of propensity score matching and difference-in-difference (PSM-DID). Using 1-to-1 k-nearest neighbor matching, we proportionate the baseline data. Using difference-in-difference model, we examine the mean treatment impact of the outcome variables. Using a 500-time random sample regression model, we validate the robustness of the model estimation.

Results

The result was credible after matching, minimizing discrepancies. Good overall performance of self-rated health with an average Hukou status of, respectively, 0.8 and 0.4 in the treated and control group, primarily in rural and urban regions separately. The participation of URRMI significantly impacted self-rated health of residents, with a 0.456-unit improvement probabilities observed (p < 0.1). Additionally, the individuals are categorized into urban and rural, and those with urban hukou had a 0.311 expansion in the probability of having better health status compared to rural hukou (p < 0.05). Other factors, such as age, highest education, annual income, medical expenditure, hospital scale, clinic satisfaction, and napping, also impacted self-rated health. Moreover, elder individuals, higher education levels, and higher medical expenditure having a higher probability of improvement. The study utilized a placebo test to verify the robustness of the URRMI regression. The estimated coefficients showed that basic medical insurance did not significantly improve the health of insured residents under the URRMI scheme.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates the crucial role of PSM-DID in determining the influence of URRMI on self-rated health status. It indicates that purchasing in URRMI has a favorable influence on the health of residents, advancing enhanced self-rated health effectiveness. It does, however, reveal geographical disparities in health, with urban dwellers faring far better than those who live in the suburb. Study suggests expanding URRMI coverage, narrowing urban–rural divide, increasing insurance subsidies, reforming laws, and developing effective advertising strategies.
Navigating new normals: the influence of COVID-19 policies on community access and well-being of people with mobility disabilities in everyday life
Authors: Wendel Carrie L. , Gray Randi Christine , Goddard Kelsey , Hall Jean P.
Published: July 2024

Context

This study explores the influence of COVID-19 public health mandates on people with mobility disabilities in the United States in their everyday lives. It highlights the intersection of disability with social determinants of health, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive policy response.

Methods

Qualitative data were collected through 76 semi-structured interviews with people with mobility disabilities. Interviews focused on experiences with COVID-19 mandates and community access, analyzed using thematic analysis and coded for emergent subthemes.

Results

The relationship between community participation and COVID-19 compliance was complex for people with disabilities. Inaccessible environments and inflexible policies made it difficult for people with disabilities to practice good safety measures, while widespread noncompliance by community members limited their community participation. The findings revealed additional mixed lived experiences of COVID-19 policies on community participation, accessibility, and access to resources and support. While technology facilitated some aspects of community participation, issues with accessibility, public transportation, and personal assistance services were exacerbated.

Conclusion

COVID-19 policies have complex implications for people with mobility disabilities. Findings suggest a need for inclusive policymaking, improved disability awareness, and continued support for accessible technology and services. Future research should further explore these dynamics to inform policy and practice.
Sleep quality and related factors among healthcare workers in designated quarantine hospital site in post-pandemic based on the health ecological model: a cross-sectional study in Nanjing, China
Authors: Zhou Han , Shen Lei , Tan Huafeng , Zhou Jiefang , Zheng Qiyi , Jiang Dongdong
Published: July 2024

Aims

This study aims to assess the status and related factors among healthcare workers (HCWs) in designated quarantine-hospital-site (DQHS) based on the model of health ecology.

Methods

The cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May, 2022, which included 351 valid samples. We measured sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which encompasses seven dimensions: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Each dimension is scored individually, contributing to an overall sleep quality score. Factors associated with the sleep quality of HCWs in DQHS were divided into individual, behavioral, interpersonal and social dimensions. Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to identify the potential factors associated with sleep quality among HCWs in DQHS.

Results

HCWs in DQHS had a statistically higher sleep quality than the Chinese national norm. HCWs who were female, afraid of Coronavirus disease, had more negative emotions, frequently worked overtime, were married, and had a higher income were more likely to experience worse sleep quality (p < 0.05), while those who worked between 51 and 70 h weekly, treated over 10 patients daily, and engaged in more health behaviors may have better sleep quality (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study revealed a worrying level of sleep quality among HCWs in DQHS. The government, hospital managers, and families should collaborate to ensure the sleep quality of HCWs in DQHS.
Validation of full resolution remote sensing reflectance from Sentinel-3 OLCI across optical gradients in moderately turbid transitional waters
Authors: Gleratti Gaia , Martinez-Vicente Victor , Atwood Elizabeth C. , Simis Stefan G. H. , Jackson Thomas
Published: July 2024

Estuarine and coastal transitional waters present a challenge for the interpretation of radiometric remote sensing. Neighbouring water masses have strongly contrasting optical properties at small spatial scales. Adjacency of land adds optical contaminations (adjacency effect) and further complicates satellite use in near-shore waters. In these areas, the lack of in situ observations has been the bottleneck for the characterisation of the uncertainty of satellite products. Radiometric underway measurements (e.g., ferries, ships of opportunity, autonomous vehicles) produce large volumes of in situ observations that can be used for radiometric validation. In this study, we evaluate the performance of the POLYMER atmospheric correction algorithm for the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3 (S3) for the retrieval of remote sensing reflectance Rrs(λ) in the transitional waters of Plymouth, United Kingdom using hyperspectral radiometric underway measurements. We explored the effect of the selection of time window, averaged areas around the in situ measurement and quality control flags into the matchup procedure. We selected matchups only within 1 pixel and ±30 min of the satellite overpass. Accuracy (RMSD) decreased spectrally from blue to red wavelengths (from 0.0015 to 0.00025 sr−1) and bias (Median Percentage Difference) was mostly positive (up to more than 100%) in relation to in situ observations. We segregated the dataset with respect to optical water types and distance to shore. Although no statistically significant difference was observed among those factors on the measures of performance for the reflectance retrieval, RMSD was the most sensitive metric. Our study highlights the potential to use OLCI full resolution imagery in nearshore areas and the need for more in situ data to be collected in the more turbid waters.
A bibliometric analysis of wildlife tourism research from 1991–2022
Authors: Nasir Tanveer , Raina Danish Iqbal , Wani Zishan Ahmad , Ridwan Qamer , Hanief Mohd , Pant Shreekar , Rawat Yashwant S.
Published: July 2024

In the present study, a bibliometric analysis of 453 publications published between 1991 and 2022 was carried out in order to evaluate and analyze the existing academic literature, as well as to identify current research trends and hotspots on this topic. Three different sorts of bibliometric indicators: quantitative, qualitative, and structural, were analyzed. The results revealed a steady increase in publications on wildlife tourism since 1991, with the journal Tourism Management being the most prolific source of research articles. A total of 70 countries and territories have contributed to these research publications, with Australia having the highest number of research publications. Among the most cited authors, sources and countries, Ballantyne R, Tourism Management, and Australia top the list, respectively. It was observed that a total of 232 research collaborations have been made across different countries in wildlife tourism research, with the highest number of collaborations between Australia and the USA. A keyword frequency analysis revealed that terms such as conservation, wildlife tourism, management, ecotourism, and wildlife behavior were the most frequently used. The present study provides insights into the current state of research in SWT and highlights key contributors, collaborations, and research themes in the field. The findings can serve as a foundation for future research in wildlife tourism by identifying core research areas, potential collaborators, and impactful journals. The study can further contribute to the growing body of knowledge in the field and guide researchers in selecting suitable journals for publishing their research works.
Remdesivir and molnupiravir had comparable efficacy in lung transplant recipients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19: a single center experience
Authors: Razia Deepika , Sindu Devika , Cherrier Lauren , Grief Katherine , Walia Rajat , Tokman Sofya
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Remdesivir (REM) and molnupiravir (MOL) are commonly used to treat lung transplant recipients (LTRs) with COVID-19; however, the clinical efficacy of these medications is yet to be compared. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the clinical outcomes between LTRs with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 treated with REM and those treated with MOL.

Methods and Results

Between March 2020 and August 2022, 195 LTRs developed COVID-19 at our center. After excluding 82 who presented with severe disease requiring hospitalization, the remaining 113 were included in the analysis: 54 did not receive antiviral treatment, 30 were treated with REM, and 29 were treated with MOL. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis showed similar rates of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.169, [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.105–12.997, p = 0.899], ICU admission (aOR 0.822, 95% CI 0.042–16.220, p = 0.898), mechanical ventilation (aOR 0.903, 95% CI 0.015–55.124, p = 0.961), and COVID-19-related mortality (aOR 0.822, 95% CI 0.042–16.220, p = 0.898) between LTRs treated with REM and those treated with MOL for mild-to-moderate COVID-19, irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 strain.

Conclusion

MOL may be a suitable alternative to REM to treat LTRs with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, and the choice of antiviral therapy can be driven by practical considerations such as route of administration and drug availability.
Bouncing back: a longitudinal examination of challenge within football academy environments
Authors: Papastaikoudis Foivos , Collins Rosie , Collins Dave
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Although substantial research indicates that challenge plays a big role in the development of talent, little is known of the experiences of young performers as they negotiate and learn from these challenges.

Methods

As such, to better understand the nature and impact of challenge on the Talent Development (TD) pathway, we longitudinally tracked nine young footballers from progressive age-bands (five aged 11 years and four aged 14) as they experienced challenge over a 15-month period using a mixed-methods design. Five semi-structured interviews separated by three months were conducted, and data were analysed via thematic analysis.

Results

Our findings suggested that participants encountered recurrent challenging events, categorised into common/uncommon, planned/unplanned, individual-focused/group-focused challenges. Support for the benefits of challenges was pervasive throughout the data with participants progressing through stages with each challenge (drop, rebound and growth). However, the magnitude and rate at which participants experienced these stages was highly idiosyncratic. Indeed, the perceived impact, scale, and, ultimately, consequential developmental impact of these challenges appeared to vary greatly with participants displaying different responses to similar events. Such differences were underpinned by several individual factors (such as prior experiences and perceived coping skills), contextual characteristics of the challenge (such as type and timing) and support around the challenge (such as priming and reflection opportunities).

Conclusion

Implications include the need for coaches and psychologists to systematically assess and carefully monitor the individual circumstances, needs and skillset of young performers and use this information as a platform for deploying individualised, timely and developmentally appropriate challenges along with relative support to ensure optimal learning and growth from them.
Subtotal glossectomy with conservation of the hyo-styloglossus unit (HSU): a new pivotal concept for preserving tongue function in extended glossectomy
Authors: Gazzini Luca , Caselli Arianna , Dallari Virginia , Fazio Enrico , Abousiam Monir , Nebiaj Aurel , Albi Cecilia , Accorona Remo , De Virgilio Armando , Greco Antonio , Calabrese Luca
Published: July 2024

Objective

The local spread of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) follows pathways of dissemination along areas of lesser resistance. In more advanced scenarios, the tumor can extend beyond the hemi-tongue of origin, by passing through the lingual septum and following the fibers of the transverse muscle. This can lead to the invasion of the contralateral extrinsic muscles, the first being the genioglossus and more laterally the hyoglossus. An anatomically guided surgical resection of the tumor can be planned to ensure both oncological safety and an acceptable functional outcome. This approach aims to preserve the hyo-styloglossus unit (HSU) whenever feasible.

Methods

Between January 2019 and November 2022, six patients received extended glossectomy Type B (EG Type B), with preservation of the HSU. Preliminary oncological results and functional results in terms of swallowing (FOIS score) and quality of life (MDADI) are presented.

Results

Five out of the six patients are alive and disease-free, while one patient died due to other causes. All patients who were candidates for an EG Type B underwent a swallowing assessment prior to surgery and followed daily postoperative swallowing training. At discharge, the patients continued swallowing training in an outpatient clinic. Five out of the six patients reached a full oral diet within 1 year of follow-up.

Conclusion

The oncological results confirm the safety of this technique. The importance of preserving the HSU, the minimal functional unit, shows very encouraging results in terms of swallowing rehabilitation.
Single-use flexible ureteroscopes: practice patterns, attitudes, and preferences for next-generation concepts
Authors: Salka Bassel , Bahaee Jamsheed , DiBianco John Michael , Plott Jeff , Ghani Khurshid R.
Published: July 2024

Background

Single use flexible ureteroscopes (su-fURS) have emerged as an alternative to reusable flexible ureteroscopes (r-fURS) for the management of upper urinary tract calculi. However, little is known about urologist usage and attitudes about this technology. Through a worldwide survey of endourologists, we assessed practice patterns and preferences for su-fURS.

Methods

An online questionnaire was sent to Endourology Society members in January 2021. The survey explored current su-fURS practice patterns, reasons for/against adoption, and preferences for next generation models including developments in imaging, intra-renal pressure, heat generation, and suction. Responses were collected through QualtricsXM over a 1-month period from surgeons in North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. The study was conducted according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES).

Results

208 (13.9%) members responded to the survey. Most respondents (53.8%) performed >100 ureteroscopies per year. 77.9% of all respondents used su-fURS for less than half of all procedures while only 2.4% used su-fURS for every procedure. 26.0% had never used a su-fURS. Overall, usage was not influenced by a surgeon's geographic region, practice environment, or years of experience. Top reasons for not adopting su-fURS were cost (59.1%) and environmental impact (12.5%). The most desired improvements in design were smaller outer shaft size (19.4%), improved optics and vision (15.9%), and wireless connectivity (13.6%). For next generation concepts, the functions most commonly described as essential or important by respondents was the ability to suction fragments (94.3%) while the function most commonly noted as not important or unnecessary was incorporation of a temperature sensor (40.4%).

Conclusions

su-fURS are not commonly used, even among urologists who perform a high number of fURS. The primary concern for adoption is cost and environmental impact. Suction capability was considered the most important future development.
Spotting Culex pipiens from satellite: modeling habitat suitability in central Italy using Sentinel-2 and deep learning techniques
Authors: Ippoliti Carla , Bonicelli Lorenzo , De Ascentis Matteo , Tora Susanna , Di Lorenzo Alessio , d’Alessio Silvio Gerardo , Porrello Angelo , Bonanni Americo , Cioci Daniela , Goffredo Maria , Calderara Simone , Conte Annamaria
Published: July 2024

Culex pipiens, an important vector of many vector borne diseases, is a species capable to feeding on a wide variety of hosts and adapting to different environments. To predict the potential distribution of Cx. pipiens in central Italy, this study integrated presence/absence data from a four-year entomological survey (2019–2022) carried out in the Abruzzo and Molise regions, with a datacube of spectral bands acquired by Sentinel-2 satellites, as patches of 224 × 224 pixels of 20 meters spatial resolution around each site and for each satellite revisit time. We investigated three scenarios: the baseline model, which considers the environmental conditions at the time of collection; the multitemporal model, focusing on conditions in the 2 months preceding the collection; and the MultiAdjacency Graph Attention Network (MAGAT) model, which accounts for similarities in temperature and nearby sites using a graph architecture. For the baseline scenario, a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) analyzed a single multi-band Sentinel-2 image. The DCNN in the multitemporal model extracted temporal patterns from a sequence of 10 multispectral images; the MAGAT model incorporated spatial and climatic relationships among sites through a graph neural network aggregation method. For all models, we also evaluated temporal lags between the multi-band Earth Observation datacube date of acquisition and the mosquito collection, from 0 to 50 days. The study encompassed a total of 2,555 entomological collections, and 108,064 images (patches) at 20 meters spatial resolution. The baseline model achieved an F1 score higher than 75.8% for any temporal lag, which increased up to 81.4% with the multitemporal model. The MAGAT model recorded the highest F1 score of 80.9%. The study confirms the widespread presence of Cx. pipiens throughout the majority of the surveyed area. Utilizing only Sentinel-2 spectral bands, the models effectively capture early in advance the temporal patterns of the mosquito population, offering valuable insights for directing surveillance activities during the vector season. The methodology developed in this study can be scaled up to the national territory and extended to other vectors, in order to support the Ministry of Health in the surveillance and control strategies for the vectors and the diseases they transmit.
Preventable Deaths Attributable to Second-Hand Smoke in Southeast Asia—Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Leung Janni , Lim Carmen , Sun Tianze , Vu Giang , McClure-Thomas Caitlin , Bao Yangping , Tran Lucy , Santo Thomas , Fausiah Fitri , Farassania Ghea , Chan Gary Chung Kai , Sebayang Susy K.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

In addition to harms caused to individuals who smoke, second-hand smoke (SHS or passive smoke) is an important public health issue. We aim to estimate the extent of preventable deaths due to tobacco and SHS exposure in Southeast Asia.

Methods

Data were from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We analysed data from Southeast Asia, including Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, Myanmar, Philippines, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam.

Results

In 2019, there were 728,500 deaths attributable to tobacco in Southeast Asia, with 128,200 deaths attributed to SHS exposure. The leading causes of preventable deaths were ischemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, lower respiratory infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer. Among deaths attributable to tobacco, females had higher proportions of deaths attributable to SHS exposure than males in Southeast Asia.

Conclusion

The burden of preventable deaths in a year due to SHS exposure in Southeast Asia is substantial. The implementation and enforcement of smoke-free policies should be prioritized to reduce the disease burden attributed to passive smoking in Southeast Asia.
Knowledge of Medical Education on Maternal and Child Primary-Care Among Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sarma Haribondhu , Giang Pham Ngan , Kelly Matthew , Van Anh Tran , Rao Chalapati , Hoa Nguyen Phuong
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To assess the pre-training knowledge of Commune Health Stations (CHSs) physicians in Vietnam on pregnancy and child care.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted and a pre-training questionnaire was administered with physicians working at CHSs in three mountainous provinces of northern Vietnam. Calculated mean knowledge score and estimated adjusted odds ratios (AOR) to compare the relative odds of occurrence of the outcome “answering more than half of questions correct,” given exposure to the physicians’ characteristics.

Results

A total of 302 CHS physicians participated. The mean number of correct answers across all participants was 5.4 out of 11. Female physicians are 2.20 (95% CI: 1.35–3.59, p = 0.002) times more likely to answer correctly than their male counterparts. Physicians aged 35 years or more were significantly less likely to answer correctly (AOR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15–0.81, p = 0.014).

Conclusion

The study found that participating physicians possessed relatively low knowledge of pregnancy and child care. The study also found significant disparities in this knowledge according to the physicians’ characteristics. Thus, it is recommended the requirement for continuing targeted medical education to improve doctors’ proficiency in these areas.
Evaluation of the Habitat Suitability for Zhuji Torreya Based on Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Wu Liangjun , Yang Lihui , Li Yabin , Shi Jian , Zhu Xiaochen , Zeng Yan
Published: July 2024

Torreya, with its dual roles in both food and medicine, has faced multiple challenges in its cultivation in Zhuji city due to frequent global climate disasters in recent years. Therefore, conducting a study on suitable zoning for Torreya habitats based on climatic, topographic, and soil factors is highly important. In this study, we utilized the latitude and longitude coordinates of Torreya distribution points and ecological factor raster data. We thoroughly analyzed the ecological environmental characteristics of the climate, topography, and soil at Torreya distribution points via both physical modeling and machine learning methods. Zhuji city was classified into suitable, moderately suitable, and unsuitable zones to determine regions conducive to Torreya growth. The results indicate that suitable zones for Torreya cultivation in Zhuji city are distributed mainly in mountainous and hilly areas, while unsuitable zones are found predominantly in central basins and northern river plain networks. Moderately suitable zones are located in transitional areas between suitable and unsuitable zones. Compared to climatic factors, soil and topographic factors more significantly restrict Torreya cultivation. Machine learning algorithms can also achieve suitability zoning with a more concise and efficient classification process. In this study, the random forest (RF) algorithm demonstrated greater predictive accuracy than the support vector machine (SVM) and naive Bayes (NB) algorithms, achieving the best classification results.
Prediction of Strawberry Quality during Maturity Based on Hyperspectral Technology
Authors: Fan Li , Yu Jiacheng , Zhang Peng , Xie Min
Published: July 2024

In a study aimed at developing a rapid and nondestructive method for testing the quality of strawberries, spectral data from four strawberry varieties at different ripening stages were collected using a geophysical spectrometer, primarily focusing on the 350–1800 nm band. The spectra were preprocessed using Savitzky–Golay (SG) filtering, and characteristic bands were extracted using Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) analysis. Models for predicting strawberry quality were built using random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), partial least squares (PLS), and Gaussian regression (GPR). The results indicated that the SVM model exhibited relatively high accuracy in predicting anthocyanin, hardness, and soluble solids content in strawberries. For the test set, the SVM model achieved R2 and RMSE values of 0.81, 0.87, and 0.89, and 0.04 mg/g, 0.33 kg/cm2, and 0.72%, respectively. Additionally, the PLS model demonstrated relatively high accuracy in predicting the titratable acid content of strawberries, achieving R2 and RMSE values of 0.85 and 0.03%, respectively, for the test set. These findings provided a solid foundation for strawberry quality modeling and a veritable guide for non-destructive assessment of strawberry quality.
The Value of a “One Health” Approach—The Updated Scope of Acta Microbiologica Hellenica
Authors: Tsakris Athanasios
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the resilience of public health sectors worldwide [...]
Space Efficiency in European High-Rise Timber Buildings
Authors: Ilgın Hüseyin Emre , Aslantamer Özlem Nur
Published: July 2024

As towering wooden edifices (≥8 stories) become a rapidly expanding and promising field, they provide substantial environmental and economic advantages throughout their entire lifespans, leading to their increasing popularity, especially in the European context. Similar to various other construction forms, spatial efficiency is a vital design criterion in timber buildings to guarantee the viability of a project. Currently, there is no thorough study on spatial efficiency in these towers in Europe, which is home to the majority of the world’s timber towers. This paper examined data from 56 cases to improve comprehension of the planning factors affecting space efficiency in these buildings. The main findings showed that the average space efficiency across the analyzed examples was documented at 82%, with deviations spanning from 70% to 90%, the average core area to gross floor area (GFA) ratio was determined to be 11%, ranging from 4% to 21%, and no substantial difference was noted in the impact of core arrangements on space efficiency, and parallel findings were observed for forms and construction materials. This article aspires to provide architectural designers with essential perspectives, assisting and directing them in the conception and realization of upcoming ventures both across Europe and internationally in this domain.
Hydraulic Expansion Techniques for Fracture-Cavity Carbonate Rock with Field Applications
Authors: Li Jiaxue , Lu Wenjun , Sun Jie
Published: July 2024

Fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs provide a large area, fracture development, high productivity, long stable production time, and other characteristics. However, after long-term exploitation, the lack of energy in the formation leads to a rapid decrease in production, and the water content in crude oil steadily increases, thereby disrupting normal production. To recover normal production, it is necessary to connect the cracks and pores that have not been affected during the original production, so as to allow the crude oil inside to enter the production cracks and replenish energy through methods such as hydraulic expansion of fracture-cavity carbonate rock. Accordingly, we propose hydraulic expansion techniques based on the following four processes for implementation: (1) applying high pressure to prevent a nearby fracture network from opening the seam, (2) connecting a distant fracture-cavity body, (3) breaking through the clay filling section of a natural fracture network, and (4) constructing an injection production well pattern for accelerating injection and producing diversion. Hydraulic fracturing involves closing or partially closing the original high-permeability channels, which usually produce a large amount of water, while opening previously unaffected areas through high pressure to increase crude oil production. We also introduce two composite techniques: (1) temporary plugging of the main deep fractures, followed by hydraulic expansion; and (2) capacity expansion and acidification/pressure processes. Hydraulic expansion allowed us to recover and supplement the formation energy and efficiently increase production. We tested various wells, achieving an effective hydraulic expansion rate of up to 85%. In addition, the productivity of conventional water injection and hydraulic expansion after on-site construction was compared for one well, clearly indicating the effectiveness of water injection and the remarkable crude oil increase after hydraulic expansion.
Particulate Matter in the Eastern Slovakia Region: Measurement, Monitoring, and Evaluation
Authors: Kirešová Simona , Guzan Milan , Sobota Branislav , Vince Tibor , Korečko Štefan , Dziak Jozef , Molnár Ján , Jacko Patrik , Bereš Matej
Published: July 2024

The paper focuses on the measurement of PM and other meteorological parameters in a small region of central Europe—eastern Slovakia and northeastern Hungary. Due to the increasing availability of sensors measuring not only PM, but also temperature, humidity, pressure, VOC, NOx, and CO2, new possibilities arise in terms of comparing (mainly in terms of correlation) PM and the other measured parameters, thus generating a large amount of data for evaluation. The correlations found are typical for inland conditions, thus able to map other regions of the world. The presented measurements can also be used to predict the evolution of PM with alerts for people with respiratory diseases, or in virtual reality using a digital twin of a humanoid robot.