bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Teachers’ Creativity in Improvisation of Instructional Materials in the Teaching and Learning of Chemistry: Implication for the 21st Century Learners
Authors: Dave-Ugwu Priscilla O. , Chukwunwogor Eunice O. , Onah Ebere A. , Anieke Geraldine Chinazaekpere , Ali Sarah Chimereogo
Published: January 2025

Teaching and learning of Chemistry in this 21st century is facing a number of unprecedented challenges especially in resource-constrained environments, where the teachers’ creativity becomes the main stem for providing instructional materials. This study examined teachers’ creativity in improvisation of instructional materials in the teaching and learning of Chemistry in secondary schools. The study was guided by four research questions and employed the descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 34 Chemistry teachers in 30 government approved secondary schools in Nsukka Education zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. A sample of 20 Chemistry teachers used for the study was drawn using simple random sampling technique. One instrument “Chemistry Teachers’ Improvisation of Instructional Materials Questionnaire (CTIIMQ)” was used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer all the research questions. The findings of the study revealed that, the extent of improvisation of instructional materials for the teaching and learning of chemistry was very low . The findings also revealed that using improvised materials during the teaching sessions proved very helpful but was greeted with a number of challenges among which are; lack of creativity and the skill to design, time constraint, limited skills in improvisation, cost of locally sourced materials, lack of support, lack of policy statement to encourage teachers, large class size, among others. Finally, the findings also revealed some possible ways to ameliorate these challenges. Based on these, recommendations were made.
Integration of a 3D-Printed Façade Unit in a Curtain Wall System
Authors: Milano Francesco , Perez Gamote Ringo , Eftekhar Olivo Nik , Piccioni Valeria , Chen Po Yen , Gallagher Caitlin , Schlüter Arno , Dillenburger Benjamin , Luible Andreas , Gramazio Fabio , Kohler Matthias
Published: January 2025

Plastic materials, known for their lightweight, formability, transparency, and durability, are the state of the art for building façade applications. Recent advances in Large-Scale Robotic 3D Printing (LSR3DP) have enabled the production of bespoke, translucent façade components. While research has largely focused on individual panel properties, there is a gap in developing a comprehensive strategy for integrating these components into a complete façade system. This paper explores the potential of combining custom 3D-printed façade elements with standard curtain wall connections. Quantitative analysis involves constructing and testing a 1 m x 1 m LSR3DP façade assembly for air and water tightness, benchmarking its performance against a conventional curtain wall. Qualitatively, the approach is evaluated through a mock-up, highlighting the architectural possibilities of blending standard and non-standard façade elements. The findings demonstrate that this hybrid system is both technically viable and opens new design possibilities for architects and façade engineers.
The impact of state policy on the development of organic agriculture in Azerbaijan
Authors: Aliyeva Mehriban , Tanriverdiyeva Gulnara , Faradjova Dilbar , Ahmadova Esmira , Baranovska Oksana
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of government policy on the development of organic agriculture in Azerbaijan and to assess the effectiveness of support programmes for organic farmers. The methodology included an analysis of legislative documents, government support programmes for farmers, and reports of state and international organizations. The study found that organic agriculture in Azerbaijan is actively supported through legislative initiatives, such as the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan No. 650-IIIQ “On Ecologically Clean Agriculture”, adopted in 2008, and government support programmes. The law prohibits the use of genetically modified organisms and chemicals, and sets standards for the certification of organic products. As of 2020, the area of certified organic land was 40,779 hectares, indicating significant potential for the sector. The Azerbaijan 2020: Looking to the Future programme provides financial support to farmers by providing subsidies for fertilizers, seeds and other inputs that contribute to the development of organic production. In 2021-2022, AZN 61.8 million was paid to support agriculture. The study also identified significant challenges, including high certification costs, limited access to modern technologies and low demand for organic products in the domestic market, where only 15% of organic goods are sold. According to forecasts, with increased government support, the area of organic land could reach 500,000 hectares by 2030, which would help increase exports and improve the competitiveness of organic products in international markets. Further development also requires improving infrastructure and creating new sales channels for organic products
Climate change and agricultural productivity: Economic implications for food security
Authors: Murabildayeva Riza , Bimendiyeva Laila , Kondybayeva Saltanat , Yermekova Zhanna
Published: January 2025

Since the late 20th century, there has been an increasing focus on the impact of climate change on various sectors, including agriculture. Consequently, it is crucial to assess how the negative effects of climate change can be mitigated to ensure food security. This study evaluated the relationship between agriculture, food security, and CO2 emissions. In particular, a correlation analysis was conducted between selected indicators for three countries: Kazakhstan, the United States of America, and Germany, as a representative of European Union countries. The study demonstrated that rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and the increased frequency of extreme weather events significantly disrupt agricultural productivity, posing substantial risks to global food security. These issues were compounded by the need to adapt agricultural methods and technologies to new climatic realities, which often require significant financial and human resources, particularly in developing countries with limited resources. Conclusions drawn from statistical data revealed mixed results: for Kazakhstan, the positive impact of agriculture on food security was confirmed, while CO2 emissions had an ambiguous effect on food security indicators. The findings of this study can be used to inform strategies for future development, both by enterprises and by the state as a whole
The grain market in Kazakhstan: An economic analysis of exports and domestic consumption
Authors: Rakhimbekova Assel , Mukhamejanova Aigul , Babassov Alikhan , Abzhan Zhanat , Shaikenova Nurgul
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to identify contemporary trends in Kazakhstan’s grain market functioning. The analysis focused on production, consumption, export, and import indicators, price dynamics, and the self-sufficiency rate of grain in Kazakhstan during 2019-2023. The research utilised official statistical data on Kazakhstan’s agricultural sector and grain market performance. A comprehensive analysis of the grain market was conducted. The statistical data analysis revealed both positive and negative trends that significantly influenced the grain market in Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2023, as well as the country’s food self-sufficiency. The findings indicated a 1.7% decline in production rates and a 16.7% reduction in industrial grain consumption, accompanied by an increase in grain usage for seeding purposes. Annual personal consumption by the population did not exceed 1.1% of the total grain utilisation in the country. A 3.9% increase in sown areas did not result in higher yields, which decreased by 9.6%. The highest yields were observed in the Qyzylorda Region, where wheat cultivation dominated. Although imports did not surpass exports, they increased more than sevenfold over time. During the study period, grain reserves in the country grew by 9%, accompanied by a significant rise in market prices. These indicators did not prevent Kazakhstan from maintaining a high level of grain self-sufficiency, enabling further development of grain exports. This research contributed new insights into the future development of the grain market in Kazakhstan, demonstrating that an export-oriented strategy combined with increased production could be a viable pathway for successful sectoral growth. This approach could mitigate the risk of a food crisis while preserving the country’s high self-sufficiency in grain
Determining the germinative qualities of red clover seed samples with varying biological status
Authors: Levytska Lesia , Baistruk-Hlodan Lesia , Stasiv Oleh , Bilovus Halyna , Khomiak Maria
Published: January 2025

The development of forage crop varieties that adapt to changing environmental conditions is an effective strategy to mitigate the impact of climate change with minimal losses. Temperature influences both the timing and rate of seed germination, which in turn ensures uniform seedling emergence, compatibility of red clover with other crops, and the ability to exploit optimal sowing conditions. This study aimed to determine the temperature and time required to achieve maximum germination, as well as the range within which germination occurred, for four red clover samples of varying biological status (cultivars, wild and local populations). Germination capacity and energy of red clover samples were assessed according to the standards outlined in DSTU 4138 2002 and DSTU 2949-94 at temperatures ranging from 3°C to 33°C in 10°C increments. It was established that the optimal temperature for the germination of red clover seeds among the four studied samples ranges from 13°C to 33°C on filter paper and from 13°C to 23°C on sand. The research identified the Vytis cultivar as outperforming other samples in all measured parameters when germinated on filter paper, while the Truskavchanka cultivar demonstrated superior traits when germinated on sand. The best germination rates were observed in the wild population at a temperature of 13°C. These findings explain the uneven emergence of red clover samples of varying biological status in collection and breeding nurseries, as observed under field conditions. The results of this study can inform the development of sowing technologies for red clover under various temperature regimes
The efficiency of short-term crop rotations with different sunflower saturation
Authors: Dehtiarova Zinaida , Shevchenko Mykola , Dehtiarov Yurii , Budyonny Victor
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to determine short-term crop rotations’ economic and energy efficiency with varying sunflower saturation. The economic and energy efficiency of crop rotations saturated with sunflower under the conditions of the Left-Bank ForestSteppe region of Ukraine was calculated using technological maps and prices as of 2024. The study employed the following methods: bibliometric analysis – a review of other researchers’ findings on the economic and energy efficiency of sunflower cultivation; grouping – an assessment of the economic and energy effects of varying sunflower saturation in crop rotations; and monographic – the generalisation of the results. The optimum sunflower share in crop rotations was found to be 20% and 40%, at which the production cost remained consistently high at 1,218.0-1,240.8 USD/t. Increasing the sunflower share to 60% led to a decline in the production cost, not only for other crops but also for the sunflower itself. This negatively impacted overall price stability, reducing crop competitiveness and the economic efficiency of crop rotations. Winter rye exhibited the lowest production costs among all crops, regardless of the crop rotation, at 268.9- 321.1 USD/ha. The production costs of soybeans and winter wheat remained stable irrespective of sunflower share, at 413.5 USD and 553.7 USD, respectively, indicating their adaptability. A 20% sunflower share in the crop rotation exhibited the highest energy intensity at 63,348 MJ/ha, while a 60% saturation slightly reduced this figure to 63,279 MJ/ha. However, the 60% sunflower saturation resulted in lower energy consumption compared to other crop rotation options, at 30,293 MJ. These findings indicate the high efficiency of crop rotations with a 60% sunflower share, as evidenced by the energy efficiency ratio of 2.65. As a result of implementing the optimised crop rotation system across 78.9 hectares, sunflower seed yields increased by 0.16 t/ha compared to traditional practices. This improvement led to an additional 1,046 UAH/ha in net profit and a 25.6% increase in production profitability
PUBLIC CONTROL AS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN COMBATING CORRUPTION
Authors: B. Kh. Olzhabaev
Published: January 2025

This article examines the formation of the institution of public control within the framework of the development of civil society in the Republic of Kazakhstan, and presents the features of its improvement based on the most significant events in the evolution of anti-corruption policy. The legal basis of interaction between the state and the non-governmental sector, the legal status of the subjects of these legal relations is considered. In modern Kazakhstan, the issue of developing a mechanism of public control over the activities of state bodies is very relevant. Currently, the process of establishing a system of public control is underway, attempts are being made to form a regulatory legal framework that strengthens the mechanisms of public control. It is necessary to develop mechanisms for equal partnership between Kazakh society and the state at the national, regional and local levels. The concept of the institution of public control is revealed, including its stages of formation, principles, content, forms of implementation, and structural characteristics. The main forms of interaction between government agencies and civil society institutions in the field of anti-corruption are characterized. The article analyzes the system of public control and the conditions of its functioning based on freedom of public association, access to information, independent media, democracy and openness of state bodies. The purpose of the study is to study the measures of public control of anti-corruption at the current stage of development of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Keywords: anti-corruption, public control, civil society, anti-corruption culture, non-governmental sector, anti-corruption monitoring, public control.
Risk of atrial fibrillation in endometrial cancer patients
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic, Münzová Dita , Bretová Petra , Pešl Martin , Weinberger Vít , Minář Luboš , Felsinger Michal
Published: January 2025

Objective: The study aimed to define atrial fibrillation frequency in endometrial cancer patients, identify risk factors, and propose preventive steps for early detection and treatment leading to decreasing cardiovascular risk. Secondly, we aimed to highlight this topic by presenting a systematic literature review. Methodology: Retrospective analysis of endometrial cancer patients treated at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at University Hospital Brno between 2006 and 2023 complemented by a systematic literature review. Results: The incidence of atrial fibrillation in endometrial cancer patients in our study group (1,101 patients) was 10.4%. Overall, 27% of patients suffered from obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, 26% from both hypertension and obesity, and 10% from diabetes and obesity. The incidence of other risk factors and their combination was less than 10%. Conclusion: Endometrial cancer patients are at a higher risk of developing atrial fibrillation compared with the general population. The risk is enhanced by the presence of other common risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.

Key words: endometrial cancer – atrial fibrillation – cardiovascular dis ease – obesity – hypertension – diabetes mellitus
Pap smear and colposcopy findings in female inmates of a prison unit in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Authors:   Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil, Moreira de Andrade Fernando , de Amorim Andrade Soraya Gomes , Araujo Júnior Edward , Bittencourt Campaner Adriana , Longo Galvão da Silva Maria Antonieta , Leme Fernandes Gustavo , Mendes Aldrighi José
Published: January 2025

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Pap smear and colposcopy findings in female inmates in a prison unit in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out by analyzing the Pap smear and colposcopy examinations of female inmates in a prison unit. The fol lowing socio-demographic data were assessed: age, nationality, level of education, marital status, height, weight, ethnicity, occupation, religion, sexual orientation, and presence of tattoos. Results: The sample consisted of 894 women who had a Pap smear, the majority of whom were Brazilian (93.6%), 41.1% had an incomplete primary education, 58.5% were single, 50.1% were white, 60.7% had tattoos, and the predominant religion was Catholicism at 42.8%. Regarding sexual orientation, 124 (13.9%) women identified as bisexual, 640 (71.6%) as heterosexual, and 127 (14.2%) as homosexual. Most Pap smears showed benign findings (86.5%). Of the female inmates who had a Pap smear, 121 (13.5%) were referred for colposcopy. Altered colposcopy findings occurred in 95 (10.6%), with the most common findings being high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions 36 (4.0%) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions 27 (3.0%). The majority of women (96.0%) had no clinical signs of human papillomavirus – HPV (anogenital verrucous lesions) and only 36 (4.0%) had lesions suggestive of HPV on Pap smears. There were more HIV cases in the group with HPV verrucous lesions (P = 0.013). Conclusion: We observed 13.5% and 78.5% of abnormal findings in Pap smears and colposcopy, resp.), in female inmates in a prison unit in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Key words: prison – female inmates – Pap smear – colposcopy – HPV
Gynecological aspects that may affect the risk of preterm birth and the success of embryo transfers after uterus transplantation
Authors:   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic, Chmel Roman , Nováčková Marta , Pastor Zlatko
Published: January 2025

Absolute uterine factor infertility is conditioned by the congenital or acquired absence of the uterus or the presence of a nonfunctioning uterus in women who wish to become biological mothers. Uterine transplantation along with assisted reproductive techniques can provide this option for women without a uterus. In the early research period, to minimize the risk of preterm birth and other pregnancy-related complications, the uterus of a donor with a history of one to three successfully completed pregnancies was recommended for transplantation. We believe that insisting on a singleton pregnancy is necessary to reduce the risk of premature birth in uterus recipients, rather than insisting on donating a uterus from a woman with a history of at least one birth. Mild post-transplant narrowing of the vaginal-neovaginal anastomosis was expected; however, the first severe vaginal stricture revealed soon after transplantation was an unpleasant surprise. To prevent post-transplant vaginal stricture, gynecologic surgeons should evaluate the shape and size of the donor’s cervix, compare it with the size of the recipient’s neovagina and vaginal vault, and perform a vaginal-neovaginal anastomosis to ensure free access for post-transplant cervical biopsies to reveal signs of subclinical rejection and smooth insertion of the embryo transfer catheter into the uterine cavity.

Key words: absolute uterine factor infertility – nulliparity – preterm delivery – uterus transplantation – vaginal stricture
Estrogenic treatment and liver functions
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, Slíva Jiří
Published: January 2025

Estrogens are key hormones that play a vital role in the physiology of the reproductive system in women. However, their therapeutic use in hormonal treatment, contraception, and the treatment of hormone-dependent diseases may be associated with a number of side effects, especially on the liver. This article focuses on the mechanisms of action of estrogens and their potential hepatotoxic effects, as well as risk factors and possible differences between representatives.

Key words: estrogens – estradiol – estetrol – ethinyl estradiol – liver – safety – side effects
Impacto de una campaña de concienciación sobre el VIH/SIDA en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Espinosa Vielka , Cosme García Manuela , Rodríguez Zúñiga Rubén Antonio
Published: January 2025

Desde que se detectó el VIH/SIDA, a principio de la década de los años 80, los esfuerzos científicos por alcanzar la cura de esta enfermedad son continuos. La información que se difunde sobre esta infección, a través de distintos canales de comunicación, sobre todo los tecnológicos, es bastante amplia y accesible a un alto porcentaje de la población. Sin embargo, informes de organismos de salud internacionales y nacionales dan a conocer un incremento de casos de personas afectadas por este virus. Datos estadísticos reflejan que el distrito de San Miguelito de la República de Panamá es una región con una incidencia de personas contagiadas por el VIH/SIDA, principalmente jóvenes. Como parte del estudio que se realizó con estudiantes de la Facultad de Comunicación Social del Centro Regional Universitario de San Miguelito de la Universidad de Panamá (CRUSAM), sobre este problema de salud pública, se reflejó que los universitarios conocen la enfermedad, saben cómo se transmite e incluso cómo previene, sin embargo, a pesar de manejar esta información, persiste el aumento de casos de VIH/SIDA en los jóvenes. Pese a que los estudiantes conocen los aspectos básicos de la enfermedad, se observa una falta de aplicación de este conocimiento en la práctica. Esta situación los lleva a considerar que se debe mantener una estrategia de comunicación permanente, a través de campañas sobre los riesgos de esta enfermedad y sobre cómo evitar su contagio. La educación continua es fundamental para crear conciencia en la población y para ayudar a minimizar las transmisiones de esta infección
Empresas familiares: mediação e governança como mecanismos adequados à gestão de conflitos
Authors: Sales Lília Maia de Morais , Feitosa Gustavo Raposo Pereira , Andrade Luana Silveira de
Published: January 2025

O estudo objetiva averiguar, diante da complexidade e das peculiaridades das empresas familiares, de que modo a mediação e as estruturas de governança podem ser utilizadas para administrar, reduzir e solucionar os conflitos irrompidos neste âmbito. Para tanto, são analisados os conceitos empresa familiar, identificando as razões da alta intensidade e do potencial lesivo desses conflitos para as empresas. Identificam-se os principais motivos geradores de conflitos entre os componentes familiares e investiga-se a adequação de certos mecanismos para solucioná-los. Ante a necessidade de manutenção do relacionamento entre as partes e os benefícios ensejados, opta-se pela mediação como mecanismo eficiente para resolução e gestão de conflitos nestas organizações. Para mais, as estruturas de governança familiar despontam como expedientes aptos a administrar o relacionamento entre os familiares e, indiretamente, sua interação com a empresa. É também analisado o modo de implementação desses instrumentos na empresa familiar e como pode ser desenvolvido uma cultura de mediação neste âmbito, estimulando as atitudes cooperativas e dialógicas. Conclui-se que a resolução adequada de conflitos deverá ser, na maior parte dos casos, no âmbito das organizações familiais, realizada por intermédio da mediação e aliada a estruturas de governança, especialmente familiar. A metodologia adotada para a elaboração deste ensaio se caracteriza como bibliográfica, quanto às fontes; qualitativa, quanto à abordagem do problema; e descritiva e exploratória, quanto aos objetivos.
A New Hyperchaotic System with Coexisting Attractors: Its Control, Synchronization and Secure Communication
Authors: O. S Onma , A. D Adelaja , A. M Lasisi, , B. A Idowu , S. T Opeifa , O. A Okunlola , C. O Ogabi
Published: January 2025

A new hyperchaotic system with coexisting attractors based on Sprott B chaotic system is proposed in this work. A novel feature of this new hyperchaotic system under investigation is that it has two-wing and fourwing coexisting attractors for two sets of different initial conditions. Thus, the new hyperchaotic system has hidden attractors. Interestingly, the proposed designed control function u (t) i using adaptive control method was able to control and globally synchronizes two identical new hyperchaotic systems evolving from different initial conditions with uncertain parameters. The adaptive synchronization scheme was applied to secure communication. Finally, the numerical simulation results presented demonstrated the effectiveness of the analytical results of the designed scheme.
Insight-Driven Business Rules for Operational Knowledge
Authors: Kaula Rajeev
Published: January 2025

Business process intelligence improves operational efficiency that is essential for achieving business objectives, besides facilitating competitive advantage. As organizations operate through inter-connected business processes, insights into their process performance through related business rules are essential to achieve business objectives. This paper outlines an approach for developing insight-driven business rules using the concept of buckets, which can lead to the development of a repository of business knowledge for business process operations. The proposed concepts are demonstrated through a prototype modeled on a hypothetical customer mortgage lending process, implemented using Oracle’s PL/SQL database language.
Neural and Statistical Machine Translation: Confronting the State of the Art
Authors: Plata Daniel Rojas , Sánchez d Noé Alejandro Castro
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a comparison of neural and statistical machine translation from the perspective of their emergence, development, and the challenges they currently face. The aim is to provide an overview of the state of the art of two of the most recently used automatic translation systems, confronting their development, as well as the results they demonstrate in real translation tests. The methodology of analysis is based on the translation of a medical corpus using both machine translation models. The results largely reflect the common achievements and issues that persist in these models.
End-to-End Bangla AI for Solving Math Olympiad Problem Benchmark:Leveraging Large Language Model using Integrated Approach
Authors: Tabib H.M.Shadman , Deedar Jaber Ahmed
Published: January 2025

This work introduces systematic approach for enhancing large language models (LLMs) to address Bangla AI mathematical challenges. Through the assessment of diverse LLM configurations, finetuning with specific datasets, and the implementation of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), we enhanced the model’s reasoning precision in a multilingual setting. Crucial discoveries indicate that customized prompting, dataset augmentation, and iterative reasoning improve the model’s efficiency regarding Olympiad-level mathematical challenges.
Network-centric Optimal Hybrid Sensing Hole Recovery and Self- Healing in IPV6 WSNs
Authors: Asante Kwadwo , Missah Yaw Marfo , Twum Frimpong , Asante Michael
Published: January 2025

In our earlier work, Network-Centric Optimal Hybrid Mobility for IPv6 wireless sensor networks, in which the work sought to control mobility of sensor nodes from an external network was proposed. It was a major improvement on earlier works such as Cluster Sensor Proxy Mobile IPv6 (CSPMIPv6) and Network of Proxies (NoP). In this work, the Network-Centric optimal hybrid mobility scenario was used to detect and fill sensing holes occurring as a result damaged or energy depleted sensing nodes. Various sensor networks self-healing and recovery, and deployment algorithms such as Enhanced Virtual Forces Algorithm with Boundary Forces (EVFA-B); Coverage - Aware Sensor Automation protocol (CASA); Sensor SelfOrganizing Algorithm (SSOA); VorLag and the use of the use of anchor and relay nodes were reviewed. With node density thresholds set for various scenarios, the recovery efficiency using various parameters were measured. Comparably, our method provides the most efficient node relocation and self-healing mechanism for sensor networks. Compared to Sensor Self-Organizing Algorithm (SSOA), Hybrid Mobile IP showed superiority in coverage, shorter period of recovery, less computational cost and lower energy depletion. With processing and mobility costs shifted to the external network, Hybrid Mobile IP extends the life span of the network.
Comparative Analysis of Clustering Algorithms on Synthetic Circular Patters Data
Authors: Ranglani Hardev
Published: January 2025

Clustering algorithms play a pivotal role in discovering hidden patterns in unlabeled data, but their performance varies significantly across datasets with complex geometries. This paper explores the performance of various clustering techniques in identifying distinct circular clusters within the Synthetic Circle Data Set, a benchmark dataset designed to test algorithms on non-linear structures. We evaluate popular clustering methods, including k-means, DBSCAN, Gaussian Mixture Models, hierarchical clustering, and emerging techniques like Self Organizing Maps, Mean Shift Clustering and Spectral Clustering. Using metrics such as Adjusted Rand Index (ARI), Normalized Mutual Information (NMI), and Silhouette Score, along with detailed visualizations, we systematically compare the algorithms’ ability to recover the true circle-based clusters without prior labels. Our findings highlight the strengths and limitations of each method, revealing that density- and graph-based algorithms consistently outperform traditional techniques like k-means in handling circular patterns.
Issues and Challenges of Understanding Obligatory Prayers among Primary School Students
Authors: Sis Hazliana Mohamad , Rahman Roslan Ab , Salleh Siti Fatimah
Published: January 2025

The understanding of obligatory prayers has become a focal point in the initiative to enhance the character development of students within schools, particularly in response to the rising social issues observed among primary school students. This concern necessitates urgent attention, as many students exhibit disinterest in Islamic Education and neglect their prayer obligations. A comprehensive analysis of over 50 scholarly studies published from 2010 to 2024 reveals a growing emphasis on the importance of understanding obligatory prayers. Despite this, significant challenges remain, including a lack of awareness regarding the significance of prayer and deficiencies in comprehending its proper execution. This article seeks to critically examine these issues and the hurdles faced in promoting a deeper understanding of obligatory prayers among students. Employing methodologies such as observation and documentation, the study highlights the pressing need for an integrated educational approach that combines both religious instruction and character education. The findings suggest that merely teaching the mechanics of prayer is insufficient; instead, a structured framework for early education is essential to foster an appreciation for prayer and its moral implications. Ultimately, the research concludes that addressing these challenges requires innovative and comprehensive strategies tailored to instill a meaningful understanding of obligatory prayers among primary school students. By doing so, educators can significantly contribute to character building and mitigate social issues prevalent in this demographic. Further research is encouraged to explore effective methods for enhancing engagement with obligatory prayers, ensuring that students not only perform them but also appreciate their spiritual significance.
Okpameri Language: A Moribund Language
Authors: E.E Odamah , A Jimoh , M.O Omorose
Published: January 2025

The Okpameri language, a minority language spoken in Nigeria, is gradually heading towards extinction due to sociolinguistic factors such as the dominance of languages like Yoruba and English. Language death is a slow process driven by the diminished use of a language across generations, often due to social, economic, and political pressures that force speakers to switch to more dominant languages. This study examines the stages of language death in Okpameri land, focusing on how language contact with English and Yoruba is contributing to the language’s decline. The research utilizes a survey method, gathering data from 100 Okpameri multilinguals to analyze attitudes towards language loss and its impact on cultural identity. Findings indicate that Okpameri is in serious decline, with a significant portion of the population unable to speak the language fluently. There is widespread concern about its potential extinction, and most respondents believe that the dominance of other languages is detrimental to Okpameri’s survival. The study underscores the urgency of language revitalization efforts, particularly through education and community engagement, to preserve Okpameri and its cultural significance.
Evaluation of virus-free potato minitubers derived from “in vitro” meristem cultures for high-quality seed potato production
Authors:   National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet, Brasov, Cioloca Mihaela , Tican Andreea ,   National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet, Brasov, Popa Monica ,   National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet, Brasov
Published: January 2025

At present, the base for seed potato production is the potato minitubers produced in protected” insect-proof” spaces. For seed potato production it is essential to use a healthy and high-quality biological material, which contributes to obtaining superior production, both quantitatively and qualitatively. In potatoes, to eradicate viruses and obtain a healthy initial material, we have at our disposal the technique of sampling and “in vitro” cultivation of meristems. In 2024, 11 potato cultivars grown in greenhouses were evaluated. The mini-tubers are derived from "in vitro" cultivated plants. Before micropropagation, the plantlets have been subjected to viral testing using the ELISA technique. Potato microplants used for "in vitro" multiplication were obtained from meristem cultures. Regarding the average number of minitubers/pot, the best results were obtained in 'Castrum' (11.50), 'Ervant' (10.80) and 'Sevastia' (10.10) cultivars. The best results in terms of the average weight of minitubers/plant were obtained in 'Brașovia' (271.62 g), 'Darilena' (270.13 g) and 'Ervant' (258.87 g) cultivars. The 'Brașovia' and 'Darilena' cultivars also recorded the highest values of the average weight of minitubers (53.2 g and 50.92 g, respectively). The highest percentage of minitubers >30 mm (60%) was found for 'Brașovia' and 'Darilena' cultivars. Also, for 'Asinaria', 'Cosiana', 'Ervant', 'Foresta', 'Marvis' and 'Sarmis' cultivars, the highest rate was recorded for minitubers in the size fraction 25-30 mm and >30 mm. By selecting appropriate cultivars and managing them according to their specific needs, potato growers can enhance the efficiency of seed production systems and achieve higher yields in field multiplication stages.
The impact of foliar treatments on yield and quality of round pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) at Asteroid 204 cv.
Authors: Constantin Delia Cristina , Paraschiv Mihaela , Sbîrciog Gicuța
Published: January 2025

The current climate trends and the reduced impact of biostimulants on the environment, agriculture and horticulture have increasingly oriented towards the use of biostimulants as part of the technologies applied to plants. This present study investigates the effects of different foliar treatments with calcium nitrate, used with or without biostimulants, on the yield and quality of round pepper fruits, Asteroid 204 cultivar, in order to use them in the culture technology of this species. Starting with the fruit set, four foliar treatments were applied in the field with an interval of 10 days between treatments. For treatments, calcium nitrate, the product Calcinit, was used alone or in combination with the biostimulants Kelpak or Triptolemus HV, the variants being as follows: V1 – no treatments applied, V2 – treated with calcium nitrate, V3 - treated with calcium nitrate and Kelpak, V4 - treated with calcium nitrate and Triptolemus HV. The plants were harvested at the technological and physiological maturity of the round pepper, which is the same for this variety of pepper. The applied treatments greatly influenced the yield and weight of the round pepper fruits, but had a lower influence regarding the quality of the fruits (total soluble solids and dry weight). The combination of calcium nitrate with biostimulants led to the highest yield increases in round pepper.
Improvement of the urban microclimate with aromatic and medicinal plants
Authors:   Administrative Region of Central, Thessaloniki, Greece, Maknea Kristina Ileκtra , Thymakis Nikolaos ,   Center of Agricultural Training, Balkan Botanic Garden of Kroussia, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece, Tzortzi Julia Nerantzia ,   Politecnico Milano, Milano, Italy, Asănică Adrian Constantin ,   University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest,
Published: January 2025

The paper examines the bioclimatic contribution of urban gardening through the use of aromatic and medicinal plants, proposing an innovative approach to urban design. The research aims to evaluate the role of these plants in improving the urban microclimate, focusing on their ability to reduce temperature, increase relative humidity, and contribute to the creation of a synergistic ecosystem that attracts beneficial insects. The methodology involved experimental research at eight sites in Thessaloniki, where temperature, humidity, and solar radiation were recorded. At the sites with aromatic and medicinal plants, a temperature reduction of 10-15% was observed compared to the non-planted areas. Significant improvement was recorded in areas simulating balconies, where potted plants led to a temperature reduction of 5-10%. Furthermore, areas with dense vegetation and water features showed greater humidity, while air circulation was limited, creating adverse thermal comfort conditions. In locations with small arrangements of aromatic plants, a reduction in discomfort perception of up to 26% was observed. The study highlights the innovative potential of integrating aromatic and medicinal plants into urban design for improving the microclimate. Replacing grass in public spaces and using these plants on vertical and horizontal surfaces can improve thermal comfort, aesthetic value, and attract beneficial insects, such as bees.
Results of some apple hybrid populations to the attack of scab and powdery mildew under natural conditions
Authors:   1. Faculty of Horticulture and Business in Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca; 2. Fruit Research and Development Station Bistrița, Romania, Guzu Georgeta Maria , Roșu Mareș Smaranda Doina ,   Fruit Research and Development Station Bistrița, Romania, Moldovan Claudiu ,   Fruit Research and Development Station Bistrița, Romania, Zagrai Ioan ,   Fruit Research and Development Station Bistrița, Romania, Zagrai Luminita Antonela ,   Fruit Research and Development Station Bistrița, Romania, Cordea Mirela Irina ,   Faculty of Horticulture and Business in Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca,  Romania
Published: January 2025

Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis, and powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Podosphaera leucotricha, are two of the most significant diseases affecting apple production worldwide. These diseases can lead to substantial crop losses and often require frequent fungicide applications, with negative environmental impacts and the development of fungicide resistance. Apple breeding programs frequently aim to develop cultivars exhibiting resistance to scab and powdery mildew. This is also the case of a breeding program initiated at FRDS Bistrita to obtain hybrids resistant/tolerant to scab and powdery mildew, accompanied by superior fruit qualities and a later harvest period. Thus, the pollinations were performed on apple trees in 2023. The experiment was organized into two hybridization schemes involving six apple cultivars. Scheme 1 consisted of five maternal genitors ('Auriu de Bistrița', 'Jonathan', 'Idared', 'William’s Pride', and 'Bistrițean') and one paternal genitor ('Generos'). Scheme 2 consisted of one maternal genitor ('Generos') and five paternal genitors ('Auriu de Bistrița', 'Jonathan', 'Idared', 'William’s Pride', and 'Bistrițean'). The aim of this study was to evaluate the hybrids of these crosses in terms of early response to natural infection with apple scab and powdery mildew. Results showed no symptoms of scab infection on the leaves of the hybrids, while 83.8% of the total showed no symptoms of powdery mildew infection. The hybrid combination with the lowest percentage of infected hybrids was 'William’s Pride x Generos' (10.4%), closely followed by the 'Auriu de Bistrița x Generos' hybrid combination (12.5%). The highest percentage of infected hybrids was observed in the 'Jonathan x Generos' hybrid combination (20.0%).
Climate change a necessity in the process of improvement and cultivation of the grapevine
Authors:   The Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection of the USM, Republic of Moldova, Alexandrov Eugen
Published: January 2025

Climate change manifests itself not only in high temperatures, but also a distribution of rainfall during a vegetative year, extreme weather events (waves of heat, heavy rains, hail, frost, and strong winds) and prolonged drought, which must be taken into account in the complex, in the process of plant growth and development. Climate change solutions can be not only profitable, but can affect the level and quality of life of the population while protecting the environment. To improve the current situation, it is necessary to take actions that contribute to reducing emissions, a adapting to the consequences of climate change, and financing the necessary adaptation measures. Evaluating the climatic conditions of the Republic of Moldova, we find that in the past the climate was of a temperate-continental type, as a result of the evaluation of these conditions over the years, a trend of change was found, towards the creation of arid conditions. Climate change requires the creation of genotypes with increased adaptability and the revision of agricultural plant cultivation technologies. Climate change requires the creation of genotypes with increased adaptability and the revision of agricultural plant cultivation technologies.
The effect of nitrogen on the growth and development of grafted cuttings from the nursery
Authors:   National Research and Development Institute for Biotechnology in Horticulture,                           Stefanesti- Arges, Romania, Dinu Daniel , Sumedrea Dorin Ioan ,   National Research and Development Institute for Biotechnology in Horticulture,                           Stefanesti- Arges, Romania, Florea Alina ,   National Research and Development Institute for Biotechnology in Horticulture,                           Stefanesti- Arges, Romania, Ciobotea Cristina ,   National Research and Development Institute for Biotechnology in Horticulture,                           Stefanesti- Arges, Romania
Published: January 2025

The complex of agrotechnical measures that ensure a high yield of standard planting material and a favorable impact on the growth and development of woody plants is represented by both the grafting technique and the nutritional elements applied in the nursery. This paper studies the effect of nitrogen on the growth and development of grafted cuttings of four table grapes cultivars 'Argessis', 'Norocel', 'Memory', and 'Ștefănești', grafted on SO4-4 rootstock, planted in the nursery located on a specific soil of Stefanesti Arges viticultural center. After forcing, the grafted cuttings were paraffined with silver paraffin planted in a protected (solar) space, and subjected to 2 fertilization treatments with increased doses of nitrogen: 100 of the Optimal Dose and 75% of the D.O. Increased amounts of nitrogen positively influenced vegetative growth but Șinhibited root development, regardless of the cultivar. The length of the main shoots oscillated between 43.36 cm when applying 100% DO fertilization to the 'Argessis 'cultivar and 17.88 cm for 75% D.O. fertilization, to the 'Memory' cultivar. On the other hand, the total 100% D.O. fertilization led to a decrease in the diameter of the roots, for the first 3 main roots measured.
Studies on the behavior of some cultivars of Dahlia in the Botanical Garden Cluj-Napoca
Authors:   University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Cantor Maria , Pui Angela ,   Botanical Garden 'Alexandru Borza' Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Moldovan Ioana ,   University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Kozel Aniko Julia ,   University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Sekely-Varga Zsolt ,   Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Târgu Mureș, Romania, Drăghia Lucia ,   University of Life Sciences Iasi, Romania
Published: January 2025

Dahlias are particularly appreciated due to the elegance of the inflorescences and the long duration of flowering, which gives them multiple uses both in floral art and in landscaping. The research investigates 8 cultivars from the Dahlia genus concerning main morpho-ornamental characteristics (height of plants, length of floral stem, number of branches/plants, number of inflorescences per plant, diameter of inflorescence, number of ligules per inflorescence). Moreover were evaluated the determination of the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves and soluble dry matter content in tuberous roots. Based on the data obtained, we noticed a different suitability of these Dahlia cultivars, general having a positive significance concerning the morpho-decorative characteristics studied. The cultivars 'Record', 'Tsuki Yori No', 'Josephine' and 'Colour Spectable' present the highest amount of soluble dry matter in the tuberous roots, over 20%, and the chlorophyll content was over 500 μmol/m² to the cultivars 'Tsuki Yori No' and 'Colour Spectable'.