bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of freezing temperature on impact bending strength and shore-D hardness of some wood species
Authors: Özkan Osman Emre
Published: September 2022

Wood is exposed to variable environmental conditions during its use. Low temperature is one of the most important environmental factors affecting the behavior of wood in use. Contrary to other mechanical properties, there are not enough studies on how the impact bending strength is affected during freezing of wood. This study evaluated the effect of various freezing temperatures (-20, -40, -78.5, and -196 °C) on the impact bending strengths of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana), and spruce (Picea orientalis L.) wood in comparison with non-frozen wood (+20 °C). During the freezing, the impact bending strength generally increased in softwood species but decreased in hardwood. The highest drop in impact bending strength value of -30.6% was found at -196 °C for beech wood. For this reason, precautions should be taken when using beech wood at ultra-low temperatures, due to substantial decreases in impact bending strength values. The good impact bending strength properties of the softwood while frozen allows application in low temperature environments.
Study on the Recommended Placement and Air Distribution of Split Floor-Standing Room Air Conditioners
Authors: Zhang Zhiheng , Gao Yibu , Nie Song , Tian Yan , Li Chenxi , Gao Ran , Yin Kui , Liu Yu , Liu Bo , Li Hongbin
Published: September 2022

In recent years, split floor-standing room air conditioners have been widely used in civil and office buildings because of their high cooling capacity and easy installation, and the air draft sensation has attracted more and more attention. In this study, a target air supply evaluation index for regional thermal comfort evaluation in the work area, the air velocity target value, is proposed. A computational fluid dynamics model for common office is established, and a total of 204 working conditions are numerically simulated for each combination of different positions, different rotation angles, and different air supply velocities (1 m/s, 2 m/s and 3 m/s) of air conditioners in the room. The influence of the rotation angle of the air conditioner on the indoor air distribution was studied, and the distribution of the indoor velocity flow field at different positions was analyzed. The air-conditioning rotation angle that makes the velocity target value of the five preset planes in the room smaller under different conditions is summarized as the recommended rotation angle. The numerical simulation results were verified by experimental means and found to be consistent with the measured results. This study can provide theoretical guidance and reference for the placement of indoor air conditioning units for users in real life.
Особливості правового регулювання публічних закупівель в умовах воєнного стану та післявоєнного періоду
Authors: Малолітнева Веста Костянтинівна
Published: September 2022

У статті окреслено особливості правового регулювання публічних закупівель в умовах воєнного стану. Визначено основні напрями, за якими пропонується провести реформу публічних закупівель в Україні у повоєнний період: спрощення порядку здійснення публічних закупівель, адаптація вітчизняного законодавства до вимог ЄС у цій сфері, подальша діджиталізація публічних закупівель, а також стратегічне використання публічних закупівель для досягнення відповідних цілей за різними напрямами державної політики. Особливу увагу приділено стратегічному використанню публічних закупівель, що має становити основу післявоєнної відбудови України. Наголошено на необхідності розвитку сталих публічних закупівель. Узагальнено результати попередніх досліджень щодо необхідності запровадження «зелених» та соціально відповідальних публічних закупівель (за напрямом забезпечення зайнятості населення) у контексті процесів відбудови. Запропоновано розробити та затвердити Національну стратегію публічних закупівель, а також стратегії розвитку публічних закупівель відповідних областей у зв’язку з Планом відновлення України.
Матеріали та адитивні технології виготовлення полімерних виробів біомедичного призначення
Authors: Демченко Валерій Леонідович
Published: September 2022

Розроблено срібловмісні плівкові матеріали та технологію 3D-друку виробів з них з антимікробною і противірусною дією. Плівкові матеріали на основі біополімеру полілактиду отримували трьома способами: відновленням іонів Ag+ за допомогою природних екстрактів; механічним змішуванням сформованих окремо наночастинок срібла з полімерною матрицею; напиленням наночастинок на поверхню полілактиду. З одержаних плівкових матеріалів виготовляли філаменти, за допомогою яких на 3D-принтері друкували полімерні вироби. Розроблені полімерні матеріали виявляють ефективну протимікробну дію щодо мікроорганізмів S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans та противірусну активність щодо вірусу грипу А, вірусу простого герпесу 1 та аденовірусу серотипу 2. Встановлено, що нанокомпозити з наночастинками срібла меншого розміру виявляли вищу антимікробну та противірусну дію. Усі досліджувані срібловмісні матеріали не чинили цитотоксичної дії на клітини MDCK, BHK-21 та Hep-2, а також не проявляли цитотоксичного (мутагенного) ефекту при сумісному культивуванні з лімфоцитами периферичної крові.
Nephrotoxic Exposures and Acute Kidney Injury in Noncritically Ill Children Stratified by Service
Authors: Holsteen Page E. , Gist Katja M. , Brinton John T. , Hebert Maxwell , Iwanowski Melissa , Kim Abby , Leath Alexandra , Shah Ananya , Soranno Danielle E. , Marschner Magda N.
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

The Nephrotoxic Injury Negated by Just-in-Time Action (NINJA) program is a multicenter, quality improvement initiative that identifies patients at risk for nephrotoxic medication-associated acute kidney injury (NTMx-AKI). The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate the prevalence and types of NTMx exposures and (2) determine the prevalence of NTMx-AKI categorized by service. Exploratory analysis evaluated potential associations between hospital measures and NTMx-AKI.

METHODS

This is a single-center, retrospective chart review of NTMx exposures from January 2019 to June 2020 in noncritically ill children. High NTMx exposures were defined as ≥3 simultaneous nephrotoxins or ≥3 days of either intravenous vancomycin or aminoglycoside. Prevalence of high NTMx and NTMx-AKI rate were normalized to 1000 patient days. A retrospective case-control analysis assessed for potential associations with development of NTMx-AKI.

RESULTS

There were 609 NTMx exposures in 565 patients and 44 (7.2%) episodes of NTMx-AKI. The NTMx prevalence rate per 1000 patient days was highest among liver, neurosurgery, and gastroenterology services. The most commonly used NTMx were vancomycin, intravenous contrast, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. The NTMx-AKI rate in exposed patients ranged from 0% to 14% across service lines. AKI was most often attributable to vancomycin. Univariable analyses suggest type and duration of NTMx exposure are associated with development of NTMx-AKI but not with severity.

CONCLUSIONS

NTMx exposures and NTMx-AKI are variable across services. Partnerships with antimicrobial stewardship and multicenter studies are needed to modify NTMx-AKI risk. Ongoing surveillance is needed in patients who do not have normalization of creatinine before discharge.
Gender, Parenting Status, and the Academic Productivity of Pediatricians During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sharp Eleanor A. , Pelletier Jonathan H. , Friehling Erika , Muzumdar Hiren , Miller Benjamin , Kazmerski Traci M.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, many women physicians experienced increased caregiver responsibilities, potentially leading to worsened gender inequities.

METHODS

We surveyed faculty and trainees at a quaternary-care children’s hospital regarding work environment, household obligations, and academic productivity to examine differential effects on productivity by gender and parenting status. We used descriptive statistics for demographics and analyzed Likert-scale responses with χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests. We performed multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with self-reported academic productivity. We analyzed free-response comments using thematic analysis.

RESULTS

The August 2021 survey was completed by 366 respondents (65% women; 46% response rate). Women were significantly more likely to report decreased academic productivity than men (66% [146/222] vs 30% [38/129], P <.001). Nearly one-half (49%) were parents with 80% utilizing childcare. Of these, 61% experienced unreliable childcare during the pandemic. Parents with unreliable childcare reported significantly decreased academic productivity compared with those with reliable childcare (76% [64/84] vs 36% [19/53], P <.001), and, among those with unreliable childcare, women disproportionally reported decreased academic productivity compared with men (88.5% [54/61] vs 43.5% [10/23], P <.001). After multivariable adjustment, women physicians with children were significantly more likely to report decreased academic productivity than men with children (adjusted odds ratio: 10.19, 95% confidence interval: 4.68–22.23).

CONCLUSIONS

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has differentially impacted men and women physicians, with women physician parents more likely to report decreased academic productivity than men with children. Unreliable childcare was a significant contributor to this disparity. Institutions must prioritize initiatives to improve gender equity in medicine.
A recepção da classificação aristotélica das ciências por Ibn Sina (Avicena)
Authors: Vanin Andrei Pedro
Published: September 2022

Este artigo analisa a recepção da classificação aristotélica das ciências por Ibn Sina (980-1037). Trata-se de compreender a divisão e os critérios de classificação das ciências segundo Aristóteles e Ibn Sina (Avicena), a partir da exposição e análise dos textos fundamentais destes dois autores sobre o assunto.
A importância da técnica dentro da psicanálise e as críticas de Heidegger deste tecnicismo reducionista do Dasein
Authors: Santos José Jacques dos
Published: September 2022

Mostraremos que as críticas de Heidegger acerca das teorias freudianas e até mesmo da metodologia psicanalítica, partem de um certo desconhecimento do filósofo de que Freud está lidando com o fenômeno do setting analítico e este se impõe como o elemento fundamental da psicanálise. O aprimoramento e o refinamento da técnica é o objetivo máximo da psicanálise. O reducionismo mecânico dos fenômenos psíquicos se sustenta no fato da psicanálise ser, necessariamente, uma práxis. Discorremos que o constructo heideggeriano Dasein incorpora uma nova maneira de pensar o homem e seu mundo. O conceito de ser-no-mundo retrabalha a posição do ser humano, consequentemente, modificando os conceitos de psique, psicologia e consciência. Isso dará substrato maior ao trabalho importante de Freud de questionar os limites dos conceitos da lógica pura e soberana. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, abre o campo da possível desconstrução da objetivação da psique. A desconstrução também atinge a possibilidade do repensar toda a mitologia metafísica presente na metapsicologia freudiana. Propomos que haverá um encontro de ambos os autores que vagam por vias diferentes. Freud questiona a primazia da lógica e suas limitações ao propor o funcionamento da lógica do inconsciente. Heidegger questiona também essa lógica vigente, chegando a reformular os próprios paradigmas que sustentam tanto a metafísica quando a cientificidade. A conclusão aqui apresentada seria que ambos os autores pensam de forma crítica a psique humana e a consciência. Freud parte de seu trabalho clínico, da necessidade de lidar com o fenômeno do inconsciente e de teorizar conceitos e um método para lidar com ele. Heidegger, de outro extremo, parte para uma reformulação crítica de todo o campo dos fenômenos psicológicos: a consciência, a cura, a doença etc. Evita, no entanto, cair em um reducionismo desses fenômenos, como acontece quando eles são objetos manipuláveis na mecânica da técnica psicanalítica.
Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure and Indonesian firm value: The moderating effect of profitability and firm’s size
Authors: Handayati Puji , Sumarsono Hadi , Narmaditya Bagus Shandy
Published: September 2022

In comparison with the growth of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in Indonesia, the studies on the impact of CSR disclosure on firm value has provided more steadily and the findings are deficient. This study empirically examines the nexus between corporate social responsibility disclosure and firm value and also investigates the mediating role of profitability and firm size. This research adopted Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) to estimate the relationship between the variables involved in this study. The research involved 49 mining sector firms in Indonesia between 2019 and 2020 that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The findings reveal that corporate social responsibility disclosure has a significant effect on firm value in the mining sector in Indonesia. This study also confirms that profitability and firm size can moderate the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure on firm value. Practical and theoretical suggestions also are provided.
Macroeconomic determinants of stock market volatility: Evidence from post socialist countries
Authors: Damiran Suvdaa , Dorjdagva Odbileg , Sukhee Batbileg , Myagmarsuren Tsevelmaa
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to estimate macroeconomic determinants of stock market volatility (SMV) for post-socialist countries using unbalanced panel data from 1995 to 2020. We evaluated the impacts of the stock market and macroeconomic determinants on SMV using the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) model based on the data of selected eleven post-socialist countries in terms of two consecutive years. The findings reveal that economic freedom has a strong and good impact at any time; however, although the previous year's turnover ratio (TOR) had a positive impact, it has an unfavorable impact on SMV in the current year. Furthermore, the year's inflation rate, level of corruption, economic growth rate, and stock market value have all shown a negative impact. The study's findings serve as a useful reference for stock market practitioners and policymakers in these nations in making decisions.
Developing the next generation of Autonomous Underwater Gliders
Authors:   , Ventola Peter T.
Published: September 2022

This thesis presents a novel, hybrid Autonomous Underwater Glider (AUG) architecture developed for improved performance in shallow, high-current environments while maintaining all capabilities inherent to a deep, 1000m-rated AUG. Numerous regions of scientific interest, such as the marginal ice zone (MIZ) and continental shelf breaks present significant challenges to conventional AUG operations due to a combination of changing ocean currents and depths. AUGs are traditionally optimized for performance in shallow (less than 200m) or deep water (200m to 1000m) environments. The design of a buoyancy drive on a deep-rated AUG does not support the pump rate required for fast inflections in narrow depth bands. Contained within this thesis is the framework to expand the operational envelope of a Teledyne Webb Research (TWR) G3 Slocum glider through substantial modification of the glider’s hardware components backed by rigorous hydrodynamic analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling. Since AUGs are limited in both speed and maneuverability, the goal of this thesis is to improve and modify the glider’s flight characteristics, specifically the glider’s speed through water, its inflection rate, and its efficiency. These performance improvements are accomplished through the introduction of a high-power thruster, modified wings, and aft fin surfaces. The modified glider’s efficacy is evaluated through various laboratory experiments and field data obtained in Buzzards Bay and the Caribbean Sea. Design concepts for a future, more advanced glider are also discussed.
Role of Green Tea in the Prevention of Cancer
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Keya
Published: September 2022

There are a lot of epidemiological pieces of evidence that natural fruits and vegetables and certain plant-based derived beverages are potent and rich in natural Polyphenols. the clinical studies carried out by Scientists. Green Tea is the common name given to the plant Camellia
sinensis, which has shown to have important rolein cancer prevention. In this article, we focus on the anticancer properties of Green Tea.
The Beauty of Fireflies: Transience, Myth, Bioluminescence, and Wonder
Authors: Flint Kate
Published: September 2022

The beauty of fireflies captivated the imagination of Victorian poets, naturalists, short-story writers, and travel writers alike. Like their earthbound relatives, glow-worms, these unremarkable brown insects in daytime became otherworldly sparks of light by night. This article explores their evocative potential — not least for John Ruskin — to capture the magic of an Italian summer’s evening. It shows how their metaphorical potential was readily exploited: fireflies were seen across cultures as synonymous with the soul; glow-worms as humble creatures whose special qualities would nonetheless shine out. Both fireflies and glow-worms were imaginatively linked to the fairy world, as we see in paintings as well as in writing. I move from these imaginative representations to consider how bioluminescence was understood by Victorians, and how the language of their investigations borrowed from a register of fantasy. Even when the phenomenon of firefly illumination was better understood, the sense of wonder that these creatures can create persisted. Yet today, the numbers of these insects are currently diminishing, due to habitat loss and light pollution. Although their magical beauty can be alluded to, and recreated artificially — as in Yayoi Kusama’s Infinity Rooms, experiencing these light shows functions as an analogy, not a substitution. Fireflies and glow-worms are a reminder of wonder’s powerful motivating force when it comes to taking action against environmental precarity: to experience them is to be affected emotionally by them, and they represent the extraordinary beauty, yet fragility, that we encounter in the natural world. They contain a paradox that was well recognized in the nineteenth century: that the small, dull-coloured, and apparently insignificant can contain the sublime.
Swinburne, Pater, and the Cult of Strange Beauty
Authors: Maxwell Catherine
Published: September 2022

This article explores how Walter Pater’s conception of ‘strange beauty’ is integral to Victorian decadence and is a legacy from his immediate and most influential precursor, the poet and essayist Algernon Charles Swinburne. After tracing the personal connections of these two writers, the article examines the complex literary intersections of their texts with specific reference to ‘strange beauty’ and concludes with a short summary of its impact on later aesthetic and decadent authors.
Downstream Effects
Authors: Fiala Rebecca J
Published: September 2022

This poem describes a riverine flood that occurred on Salt Creek (the Little Des Plaines River), Brookfield, Cook County, Illinois (4th congressional district), US, as part of extensive regional flooding in the Chicago area on April 18-19, 2013. Both case report and epic, this hyperlocal work is a post-postmodern (metamodern) baroque exploration of human systems and sense-making as revealed through natural disaster. An update is provided in the author note. Three illustrations accompany this poem.
ACCESS TO JUSTICE: FROM LEGAL REPRESENTATION TO PROMOTION OF EQUALITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE − ADDRESSING THE LEGAL ISOLATION OF THE POOR
Authors: Yousuf A Vawda
Published: September 2022

From the perspective of the legal system, the first decade of democracy has been characterised by the dominant discourse of access to justice. Section 35 of the Constitution guarantees the right of an accused person to legal representation at state expense, where a “substantial injustice” might otherwise result. Thus, access to justice has routinely come to be defined as access to legal representation in criminal trials. This interpretation of the notion of access to justice is problematic because it fails to address a range of issues affecting the poor in our society, notably the realisation of their socio-economic rights. This article argues that the concept of access to justice needs to be redefined to incorporate the promotion of equality and social justice for the poor and other vulnerable groups in our society.Such redefinition will, of necessity, entail important shifts in the conceptualisation oflegal aid provision, as well as concomitant budgetary and other consequences.The article examines various strategies to address the legal isolation of the poor,and concludes with some recommendations as to how the reconceptualised projectfor access may be achieved.
ACCESS TO LEGAL AID IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA: IN SEEKING A COORDINATED APPROACH
Authors: Jobst Bodenstein
Published: September 2022

A number of approaches to legal aid for the poor and marginalised, with special emphasis on rural communities in South Africa, are discussed. The traditional approaches towards legal education and litigation of such groups are critically analysed in the light of the constitutional protection of socio-economic rights. The lack of a clear constitutional imperative as regards legal aid in civil matters, coupled with reprioritisation of foreign funding to university-based law clinics, NGO’s and paralegal advice offices, is severely hampering the provision of legal aid for civil and especially socio-economic matters. An approach centred around the maximalutilisation of existing resources, improved cooperation between the various role players, and community legal education is suggested.
THE APPLICABILITY OF THE ISLAMIC LAW OF SUCCESSION IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Naeema Gabru
Published: September 2022

Islamic law is divine law since it is based on the totality of the commands of Allah as embodied in the Holy Qur’an. The non-recognition of Muslim personal law has resulted in great prejudice for Muslims residing in South Africa. The general principles of the Islamic law of succession are prescribed in the Qur’an. The Qur’an fixes the shares of each individual. The shares of the heirs as determined by theQur’an are binding on all Muslims. In accordance with Shari’ah the testator is allowed to bequeath one-third of his estate.The focus of this article is to give an overview of the Islamic law of inheritance with the aim of increasing awareness that South African Muslims can implement the Islamic law of inheritance by means of drafting a valid will, without any difficulty.
REVIEWING THE STATE OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE WTO: SOME SIGNS OF A SLOW BUT PROGRESSIVE PARADIGM SHIFT
Authors: Omphemetse Sibanda
Published: September 2022

There has been a gradual change and paradigm shift in the multilateral trade sphere regarding the links between trade, sustainable development and the environment. Sustainable environment is no longer outside the realm of the WTO. The preamble tothe Agreement Establishing the WTO has been expanded to include a specific commitment to sustainable development. The WTO approach to sustainable development seeks to balance economic development and environmental protection concerns. This approach is notable particularly in GATT Article XX, and in several of GATT’s associated agreements. The decisions of the WTO dispute resolution bodies also had some ramifications for the trade-environment link debate by stating that trade interests do not exist in clinical isolation to non-trade interests such as the environment. Nevertheless, there are several challenges to the trade-environmentinterface, which require reforms to achieve a more coherent and balanced approach to multilateral trade policy, environmental protection and sustainable development.
SECTIONAL TITLE UNIT OWNERS’ LIABILITY FOR PAYMENT OF BODY CORPORATE’S DEBTS
Authors: Henk Delport
Published: September 2022

This note focuses on the scope and application of section 47(1) of the Sectional Titles Act 95 of 1986. The section must be viewed in the context of certain key provisions of the Act. These are discussed briefly. Attention is also given to the changes made to the section by the Sectional Titles Amendment Act 7 of 2005. It is argued that although the Amendment Act has absolved some unit owners from liability for payment of the body corporate’s debts, it has introduced an uncertainty as to whether owners can be held liable for body corporate debts incurred before they became members of the body corporate.
JUVENILE DIVERSION: DEVELOPMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA AND THE NETHERLANDS
Authors: AM Anderson  , GHA Spijker
Published: September 2022

Juvenile justice in South Africa has undergone many changes in the last twenty years. However, in our opinion, one of the most important developments in South African juvenile justice in this period has been the idea of diverting the trials of young offenders away from criminal courts to appropriate alternative programs (Sloth-Nielsen “Reviewing the Prosecutorial Decision not to Divert – Case Discussion of M v The Senior Public Prosecutor, Randburg” 2001 De Jure 194). This development is the result of a number of events, amongst which are South Africa’s adoption of the United Nations Children’s Convention (United Nations Convention on theRights of the Child (1989)), and the inclusion of children’s rights in the South African Constitution in 1996. Juvenile diversion is an international trend. This note will highlight some of the local developments and will also illustrate some interesting similar developments in juvenile diversion in the Netherlands.
POTHIER, THE STRAYING MULE AND THE UNRULY BARMAN Costa Da Oura Restaurant (Pty) Ltd t/a Umdloti Bush Tavern v Reddy 2003 4 SA 34 (SCA)
Authors: Frans Marx  , Patrick Vrancken
Published: September 2022

On the evening of 31 October 1997, the respondent and his girlfriend visited the Umdloti Bush Tavern. A person by the name of Goldie was stationed behind the bar serving the customers. It appeared to the respondent that Goldie served everyone but him and his girlfriend. When another barman approached him, the respondent remarked that Goldie could take a few lessons regarding service from the second barman. Goldie heard this remark, became agitated and glared at the respondent. He further beckoned the respondent to come closer. The respondent reacted by saying words to the effect that he “did not come for people like that” (Costa Da Oura Restaurant (Pty) Ltd T/A Umdloti Bush Tavern v Reddy 2003 4 SA 34 (SCA) par 30). This further agitated Goldie and he occasionally stared at the respondent and appeared to be aggressive. When the respondent and his girlfriend were about to leave, the respondent generously tipped the barman who had served them. Goldie saw this and quickly exited the bar. When the respondent reached the corridor in the immediate vicinity of the bar, Goldie assaulted him, causing injuries which were reasonably serious. Immediatelyafter the incident the manager of the Umdloti Bush Tavern summarily dismissed Goldie “because he had broken the rules that regulated how he should perform his basic duties” (par 41). The simple question to be decided was whether the appellant wasvicariously liable under the circumstances. The crux of the respondent’s contentions was that the incident was sufficiently connected with the scope of employment of the appellant’s employee to establish vicarious liability, while the appellant contended that Goldie had acted for personal vengeance, on his own, against instructions and after he had abandoned his duties as a barman. The Durban and Coast Local Division in Reddy v Costa da Oura Restaurant (Pty) Ltd t/a Umdloti Bush Tavern (supra) found the appellant vicariously liable for damages resulting from the incident. On appeal the decision was reversed. The purpose of this discussion is to analyse the finding of the Supreme Court of Appeal and to ascertain whether the employer, in the circumstances of this case, should have been held liable. In the process of doing so, the background to the ruling will be explained and the legal policy implications of the decision assessed.
THE DEFENCE OF INHERENT REQUIREMENTS OF THE JOB: A BLANKET BAN FOR MEDICAL REASONS NOT JUSTIFIABLE IMATU v City of Cape Town (2005) 14 LC 6.12.2*
Authors: Adriaan van der Walt  , Glynis van der Walt
Published: September 2022

The Labour Court was faced with the question of whether the respondent in this case was justified in imposing a blanket ban on the employment of diabetics in the position of firefighters on the basis that the condition in itself posed a serious risk for the sufferer, as well as the public at large, where the individual was called upon to work in hazardous and stressful conditions.
Microstructure and residual stresses of ZrN/CrN multilayer coatings formed by the plasma-assisted vacuum-arc method
Authors:   Institute of Strenght Physics and Materials Sciences SB RAS, Tomsk, Vorontsov Andrey , Filippov Andrey ,   Institute of Strenght Physics and Materials Sciences SB RAS, Tomsk, Shamarin Nikolay ,   Institute of Strenght Physics and Materials Sciences SB RAS, Tomsk, Moskvichev Evgenij ,   Institute of Strenght Physics and Materials Sciences SB RAS, Tomsk, Novitskaya Olga ,   Institute of Strenght Physics and Materials Sciences SB RAS, Tomsk, Knyazhev Evgenii ,   Institute of Strenght Physics and Materials Sciences SB RAS, Tomsk, Denisova Yuliya ,   Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS, Tomsk, Leonov Andrei ,   Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS, Tomsk, Denisov Vladimir ,   Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS, Tomsk
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The current state of the art in the field of hard coatings application requires the formation of nanostructured compositions using different chemical elements. Modern hard coatings are able to combine different properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance. At present, coatings formed by layer-by-layer deposition of zirconium and chromium nitrides are promising. When depositing combinations of chemical elements on various substrates, studies are required aimed at investigating its microstructure and, mainly, residual stresses formed during the deposition of multilayer coatings. The purpose of this work is to investigate the structural-phase state and residual stresses of ZrN/CrN system coatings formed by plasma-assisted vacuum-arc method from the gas phase. Research methods. Samples with coatings of zirconium and chromium nitrides deposited on substrates of hard alloy VК8 are investigated. Transmission electron microscopy is used to study the microstructural characteristics of multilayered coatings and X-ray diffraction analysis is used to quantify macroscopic stresses. Results and discussion. Based on the experimental results obtained it is found that changing the modes of deposition of multilayer ZrN/CrN coatings with regard to rotation speeds of table and substrate holder leads to variations in microstructure, morphology and internal stresses of surface layers of multilayer coatings. It is shown that by changing conditions for the multilayer coating deposition the possibilities of forming ZrN/CrN coatings on the substrate made of VK8 alloy with nanoscale thickness of coating layers open up. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates mainly insignificant stresses, and at high table and substrate rotation speeds – high compressive stresses in the multilayer coating. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that CrN and ZrN coatings have a common multilayer coating growth texture at low rotation speeds, and at high speeds a textural misorientation of the phases of the coating layers is observed. Based on the results obtained it is possible to recommend coatings of ZrN/CrN system as hard coatings.
The Impact of Corporate News on Stock Prices: Evidence from the Russian Stock Market
Authors: Ружанская Людмила , Войтенков Валентин , Уразбаева Алина , Даниелян Лилит
Published: September 2022

In the face of complex sanctions, Russian companies are looking for new mechanisms to ensure sustainability. An overcrowded corporate news backdrop could be the source for a significant decline in a company’s market value or growth. Given the importance of information disclosure and corporate news for investors’ expectations, we estimate the effect that four types of corporate news (Official publication of financial results for the quarters and for the year; M&A; Appointment of new persons; Dividend policy) impose on shares of three Russian companies in different industries: the financial, energy and high-tech sectors. In order to reflect corporate news’ influence, we developed an index of corporate news for the companies concerned utilizing daily data ranging 2015–2021. By applying a vector error-correction model, we demonstrate that corporate news and corporate equities are related over the long run. Short-run results obtained with the Granger test suggest no evidence of causality. At the second stage, we construct impulse response functions that affirm the effect of corporate news on stocks. Corporate news has a high and positive effect on stock prices in the high tech and energy sectors, while the financial sector reacts in a mixed manner to corporate news, and the effect is weak. Obtained results serve as the basis for practical recommendations to individual and institutional investors, as well as to companies for market value management.
Breastfeeding and women living with HIV: Is it possible to move beyond the avoidance?
Authors: Annunziata Carlea , Laura Letizia Mazzarelli , Laura Sarno , Caterina Fulgione , Dalila Mantelli , Maurizio Guida
Published: September 2022

The risk of mother-to-infant transmission of HIV 1 during breastfeeding ranges from 10% to 15% in the absence of maternal Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and infant Antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis. WHO guidelines 2016 recommend women living with HIV and fully supported for ART adherence should breastfeed for at least 12 months and up to 24 months or longer. Anyway, in high-income settings, women living with HIV are suggested to avoid breastfeeding, regardless of maternal viral load or antiretroviral therapy status. The advantages of breastfeeding in low and middle-income settings are well recognized. This brief narrative review aims to summarize existing evidence on mechanisms and risk factors for HIV transmission during breastfeeding and the possible prevention strategies in the context of ART adherence.
Health effects of organic farming, review of literature since 2005-Revision
Authors: Maria Groot
Published: September 2022

In 2005, a study was carried out with chicks fed either organic feed or conventional feed. The aim of the trial was to see whether there was a difference in health between organic and non-organic fed chickens, as a stepping stone to a study in pigs and ultimately in humans. Thus, the final goal was to see whether organic food has positive health effects on humans. In the study, it appeared that animals fed organic feed showed a stronger immune response after a challenge than animals not fed organic feed. However, the researchers found that no firm conclusions could be drawn about the health status of organically fed animals. Based on these results, it was decided not to commission a follow-up study because the differences would be too small. The current knowledge and insights may give new reasons for follow-up research. For this purpose, a report was published with a summary of the original research and subsequent publications, as well as results from literature since 2005 on the health effects of organic feed for animals and organic products for humans. After the 2005 study, no comparable animal studies were carried out with organic and conventional feed. It is precisely in the case of animals that only the feed can differ, which can provide valuable insight into the effects of using only organic nutrition. Research has been done on the differences in composition between conventional and organic products. Human cohort studies have also been conducted on the effects of organic food on health parameters and the occurrence of various types of cancer. Although most researchers are very cautious about concluding the health effects of organic food, there are several relevant findings on differences in the composition of products, most of which are related to the organic production method. These include no synthetic chemical crop protection agents and fewer biocides as compared to conventional production, more antioxidants, and phenols and fewer antibiotic-resistant germs than conventional food. Moreover, milk has a more beneficial fatty acid pattern. There are some indications that eating organic food lowers the risk of developing certain conditions, such as allergies, metabolic syndrome and obesity, and certain cancers.
GFP-TBK1: expression and purification v1
Authors: Adriaenssens Elias
Published: September 2022

This protocol describes how to express and purify human TBK1 tagged N-terminally with eGFP.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYUMBANG ‘FEAR OF CRIME’ DALAM KALANGAN WARGA EMAS DI DAERAH YAN, KEDAH
Authors: Abu Nur Umairah , Yusoff Nur Hafizah
Published: September 2022

Artikel ini memfokuskan kepada ketakutan terhadap jenayah dalam kalangan warga emas di Daerah Yan, Kedah. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk memperoleh data dan maklumat kajian. Kaedah temu bual semi struktur merupakan kaedah pengumpulan data utama kajian dan sejumlah 13 orang informan telah ditemubual bagi mendapatkan variasi jawapan mengenai ketakutan terhadap jenayah. Dapatan utama menunjukkan faktor usia merupakan faktor yang mewujudkan ketakutan terhadap jenayah dalam kalangan warga emas. Terdapat juga faktor yang disebabkan oleh jantina membuatkan wanita berasa dirinya kurang selamat berbanding lelaki. Kelemahan fizikal menambahkan risiko ketakutan terhadap jenayah dalam diri mangsa. Antara jenayah yang ditakuti oleh warga emas ini ialah penipuan melibatkan wang ringgit, rompakan dan berasa diri tidak selamat apabila keluar berseorangan. Kesimpulannya, ketakutan terhadap jenayah boleh melibatkan kebanyakan orang terutamanya golongan mereka yang lebih tua dan lemah dari segi fizikal. Peranan pihak bertanggungjawab penting bagi memastikan kesejahteraan hidup dalam kalangan warga emas di negara ini.
FOR THE GREATER GOOD: RESOLVING DIFFERENCES IN OPINIONS ON THE STANDARD INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE IN SABAH
Authors: Stephen Jeannet , Hussin Rosazman , Talin Rosy , Koton Reany
Published: September 2022

Bahasa Kadazandusun or BKD is the sole indigenous language offered in schools in Sabah, initially under the Pupils’ Own Language (POL) program based on the Education Act 1966. Different reactions towards BKD come from various concerned stakeholders i.e., ethnic societies, cultural bodies, and political organizations within the Kadazan and Dusun Orang Asal communities that make up almost 30% of the population of Sabah. Views on BKD range from critical and hardline positions to support and tolerance. Differing opinions can be read in the media due to the press statements by organizations or individuals reported in the news. However, one group whose opinions are rarely heard within the debates is the Orang Asal parents whose children are BKD learners at schools. This paper extracts findings from a larger study conducted to investigate the views and perspectives of stakeholders on the teaching and learning of the Kadazandusun language. In particular, this paper discusses relevant extracts from focus group discussions specifically with parents (n = 294) from five districts (Tambunan, Keningau, Kudat, Kota Marudu, and Tuaran). The study found that Orang Asal parents who are non-Kadazan or non-Dusun speakers are supportive of the BKD’s position and role as the sole indigenous language option taught in the national education system while recognizing that they want their indigenous languages to be transmitted to their younger generation, the parents also strongly encourage for inclusion of other ethnic languages in the system, formally or informally. This study found that the acceptance and tolerance shown by the parents, though themselves not speakers of Kadazandusun, are consistent with the sense of community present within indigenous communities in Sabah. The support given by non-Kadazandusun speakers to the standard language points to existing social harmony in a multicultural and multilingual society in Sabah. This paper also discusses at length the history behind the establishment of BKD and language standardization ideology within indigenous communities’ context.
GEOPOLITIK DI KAWASAN PARLIMEN (P019) TUMPAT, KELANTAN
Authors: Awang BesaR Junaidi , Zakaria Siti Marziah , Mohamed Nor Muhamad Nadzri , Mansor Suffian
Published: September 2022

Geopolitik bermaksud pengaruh kuasa politik dengan sesuatu tempat. Geopolitik juga boleh dikatakan sebagai satu kajian politik mengenai keadaan sesuatu tempat sama ada dari segi aspek umur, etnik, sumber maklumat politik, budaya setempat mahupun pembangunan. Oleh itu, adalah menjadi tujuan kajian ini untuk menganalisis tingkah laku politik pengundi dengan menjadikan kawasan Parlimen Tumpat, Kelantan sebagai kawasan kajian kes. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah soal selidik, temu bual bersemuka, rujukan data keputusan pilihan raya 2018 dan sumber sekunder yang berkaitan iaitu buku, artikel jurnal, serta kertas kerja persidangan/simposium/seminar dan juga daripada media elektronik seperti internet dan media sosial. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan majoriti responden memilih pemimpin anak tempatan serta mesrta rakyat sebagai kriteria pemilihan pemimpin. Bagi kriteria parti politik yang disokong pula, mereka memilih parti politik memiliki trek rekod yang baik dan berpengalaman (ekonomi dan sosial) serta mempunyai barisan pemimpin yang bersih, berwibawa dan berpendidikan. Bagi orientasi atau kecenderungan pilihan politik, mereka berfahaman ciri-ciri fahaman politik kepartian yang merentasi ciri-ciri kaum/agama tetapi mengutamakan perjuangan dan nilai keadilan sosial, demokratik, amanah, berintegriti dan progresif. Mereka juga berkecenderungan memilih parti politik yang memperjuangkan isu nilai sejagat seperti ketelusan, tata kelola yang baik, keadilan, kejujuran dan kesaksamaan kaum.
PENGARUH HAK DAN UNDANG-UNDANG ADAT TERHADAP TOLERANSI DAN HUBUNGAN HARMONI ANTARA ETNIK DI SABAH
Authors: Hussin Rosazman , Johnes Johan , Stephen Jeannet
Published: September 2022

Hak dan undang-undang adat merupakan salah satu inti pati penting untuk menjaga keamanan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat khususnya dalam kalangan penduduk pelbagai etnik di sesebuah wilayah atau negara. Kajian ini memberi fokus kepada pemahaman mendalam berdasarkan konseptual dan sorotan literatur berkenaan pengaruh hak dan undang-undang adat terhadap toleransi dan hubungan harmoni antara etnik di Sabah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif sebagai metodologi kajian iaitu merujuk dan menganalisis sumber-sumber data primer dan sekunder dalam menghasilkan dapatan kajian. Makalah ini merungkai konsep-konsep penting dalam konteks hak dan undang-undang adat yang terdapat di Sabah iaitu institusi kehakiman Mahkamah Anak Negeri, konsep Anak Negeri dan konsep Sogit. Dari segi hubungan harmoni antara etnik di Sabah, didapati bahawa melalui kepelbagaian budaya, bangsa dan agama, ahli masyarakat masih boleh bertoleransi dan menghormati adat antara satu sama lain. Malah dalam banyak situasi, adat menjadi penghubung atau tolak ansur dalam menyelesaikan konflik antara masyarakat. Dari segi keharmonian pula, adat sogit memainkan peranan yang penting dalam menjaga keamanan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Konsep sogit secara bersifat holistik dan mempunyai sistem menyelesaikan konflik dalam masyarakat yang tersendiri menjadi asas kepada keharmonian antara etnik di negeri ini. Oleh itu, penelitian yang lebih menyeluruh berkenaan pengaruh hak dan undang-undang adat orang asal terhadap toleransi dan hubungan harmoni antara etnik di Sabah ini perlu bagi melihat sejauh mana kerelevenannya dalam konteks hubungan harmoni masyarakat majmuk di Sabah dan Malaysia.
Bridges between individuals and communities: dialogic participation fueling meaningful social engagement
Authors: Tellado Itxaso
Published: September 2022

This article presents the narratives of non-academic women who have made essential contributions to their community, and their own lives as well, drawing on their involvement in an adult school. We discuss how dialogic participation in lifelong learning activities may (or may not) prompt people to become active social agents in their communities. Through dialogic participation ordinary individuals whose voices have been always silenced, become active stakeholders in the community they belong to, making relevant contributions, which improve their own lives and the community as well. Drawing on personal narratives we re-construct the trajectories of these women as active social agents in their communities, looking on them through the lenses of their participation in lifelong learning activities. This evidence illustrates how dialogic adult education may become a way for undeserved groups to become empowered and make real changes in our society.
Reclaiming the community potential to improve the lives of older citizens
Authors: Paulos Liliana , Fragoso António
Published: September 2022

This article reports the results of a case study in southern Portugal, in a community where ageing related processes seem to be speeding in the last decades. In this case study we used non-structured interviews to an extensive set of social actors, but also biographical interviews. Our main aim was to understand the contradictions and challenges posed by the ageing processes, and the way those processes affect the daily lives of people of the community, looking closely to the older adults’ situation. In Portugal, the mainstream social policy is creating the conditions for an increasing institutionalisation of older citizens. Not denying the fact that in later life such social support is fundamental, we point out the disadvantages that such institutionalisation brings to older adults. We also try show the importance of community, especially for the elderly. We argue that today it is crucial to regain the community potential to improve the quality of life of older adults.
Envejecimiento, independencia residencial y cuidados: familias en movimiento
Authors: Del Pino Julio A. , Camarero Luis
Published: September 2022

El aumento de la longevidad y el progresivo envejecimiento implican cambios, que pueden describirse como procesos de transición. Por una parte, se observa la importancia del mantenimiento de las relaciones intergeneracionales a través de estructuras familiares de tipo beanpole, que aglutinan muchas generaciones con pocos miembros. Por otra, en la esfera de los cuidados, la transición viene marcada por el balance entre cuidados dados y recibidos según la edad. Por último, en la esfera de la movilidad, los cambios residenciales implican no solo la emancipación o la convivencia con los mayores sino también el acercamiento o alejamiento residencial de ellos. A partir de los datos procedentes de the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) y del Census Hub de Eurostat se ilustran estos cambios para el conjunto de Europa._____________________________________________________________