bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Acceptability of Expanded Perinatal Depression Care Practices Among Women Veterans
Authors: Kroll-Desrosiers Aimee , Kinney Rebecca L. , Marteeny Valerie , Mattocks Kristin M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Veterans receive obstetrical care from community-based providers contracted through the Veterans Health Administration (VA); however, Veterans remain eligible for VA mental healthcare in the perinatal period. To date, few studies have focused specifically on the mental health needs of Veterans during the perinatal period.

Objective

To examine the acceptability of more comprehensive perinatal mental healthcare screening and treatment in VA care, we explored pregnant and postpartum Veteran perspectives of United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations that aim to expand mental health counseling for the prevention and treatment of perinatal depression.

Design

Semi-structured interviews with pregnant and postpartum Veterans enrolled in VA care, integrated with quantitative survey data.

Participants

Pregnant and postpartum Veterans (n=27) who had delivered infants or were due by February 2020.

Approach

Framework analysis with an inductive approach was utilized to understand our data, interpret and code our transcripts, and develop themes.

Key Results

Fewer than half (44%) of the women reported seeing a mental health provider at the beginning of their pregnancy. We found that Veterans support USPSTF recommendations in the VA, consider mental healthcare to be very important during the perinatal period, would like better access to mental healthcare resources and peer support networks, and suggest that perinatal depression screening could be more extensive.

Conclusions

These findings support the implementation of more comprehensive perinatal depression prevention policies and practices within VA care. Understanding the real-world feasibility and prevailing barriers to comprehensive perinatal depression care is needed to inform implementation of the USPSTF recommendations or a similar intervention tailored for VA care.
State of the Knowledge of VA Military Sexual Trauma Research
Authors: Galovski Tara E. , Street Amy E. , Creech Suzannah , Lehavot Keren , Kelly Ursula A. , Yano Elizabeth M.
Published: August 2022

Despite substantial efforts to counter sexual assault and harassment in the military, both remain persistent in the Armed Services. In February 2021, President Biden directed the U.S. Department of Defense to establish a 90-day Independent Review Commission on Sexual Assault in the Military (IRC) to assess the department’s efforts and make actionable recommendations. As servicemembers discharge from the military, effects of military sexual trauma (MST) are often seen in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). In response to an IRC inquiry about VA MST research, we organized an overview on prevalence, adverse consequences, and evidence-based treatments targeting the sequelae of MST. Women are significantly more likely to experience MST than their male counterparts. Other groups with low societal and institutional power (e.g., lower rank) are also at increased risk. Although not all MST survivors experience long-term adverse consequences, for many, they can be significant, chronic, and enduring and span mental and physical health outcomes, as well as cumulative impairments in functioning. Adverse consequences of MST come with commonalities shared with sexual trauma in other settings (e.g., interpersonal betrayal, victim-blaming) as well as unique aspects of the military context, where experiences of interpersonal betrayal may be compounded by perceptions of institutional betrayal (e.g., fear of reprisal or ostracism, having to work/live alongside a perpetrator). MST’s most common mental health impact is posttraumatic stress disorder, which rarely occurs in isolation, and may coincide with major depression, anxiety, eating disorders, substance use disorders, and increased suicidality. Physical health impacts include greater chronic disease burden (e.g., hypertension), and impaired reproductive health and sexual functioning. Advances in treatment include evidence-based psychotherapies and novel approaches relying on mind-body interventions and peer support. Nonetheless, much work is needed to enhance detection, access, care, and support or even the best interventions will not be effective.
Opportunities to More Comprehensively Assess Sexual Violence Experience in Veterans Health Administration Medical Records Data
Authors: Hollis Brittany F. , Kim Nadejda , Youk Ada , Dichter Melissa E.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Experience of sexual violence (SV) is prevalent among the Veteran population and associated with many negative mental and physical health outcomes including suicidal behavior, obesity, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and poor sexual and reproductive functioning. Although Veterans of any gender may experience SV, women Veterans are particularly at risk. Research on SV among Veterans has focused primarily on the experience of SV during military service (military sexual trauma, MST), although Veterans may also experience SV prior to and following military service. The aim of the current study was to construct a more comprehensive method of identifying SV among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients as documented in medical records in a national cohort of 325,907 Veterans who used VHA care between 2000 and 2018 in order to inform future research in this area.

Method

We used three indicators to identify SV in VHA medical records: (a) the MST screen, (b) the sexual violence item of the intimate partner violence (IPV) screen, and (c) International Classification of Disorders (ICD) codes (versions 9 and 10) representing adult sexual abuse and assault. Univariate descriptive analyses were conducted to determine the exclusivity and overlap of the SV measures.

Results

The universal MST screen was the most commonly identified indicator of SV in the data. However, including the IPV and ICD indicators identified an additional 5% of Veterans who had experienced SV, accounting for thousands of patients.

Discussion

The results of the current study indicate that using the three-pronged approach of SV collection is a more comprehensive method of identifying patient SV experience through VHA medical records and contributes uniquely to the methodology of studying social factors’ impact on health care. Clinical screening and documentation of SV allow for the assessment of health impacts and trends through examination of medical records data.
Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion in the US Navy, 2016
Authors: Grindlay Kate , Seymour Jane , Fix Laura , Grossman Daniel
Published: August 2022

Background

The unintended pregnancy rate in the US military is higher than among civilians. While 42% of unintended pregnancies end in abortion among civilian women, there are no data on the prevalence of abortion in the military overall or by service branch.

Objective

This analysis was conducted to estimate unintended pregnancy rates and the percentage of unintended pregnancies that resulted in abortion among active-duty US Navy members aged 44 years or younger reporting female gender in 2016.

Design

Cross-sectional survey data from the 2016 Navy Pregnancy and Parenthood Survey, collected from August to November 2016.

Participants

Our sample included 3,423 active-duty US Navy members aged 44 years or younger reporting female gender, generated from a stratified random sample of 38% of all active-duty Navy women in pay grades E2-E9 and O1-O5 in 2016; the survey had a 20% response rate for females.

Main Measures

We calculated pregnancy and unintended pregnancy rates, the percentage of pregnancies that were unintended, and the percentage of unintended pregnancies resulting in birth and abortion in the prior fiscal year.

Key Results

Overall, the self-reported unintended pregnancy rate was 52 per 1,000 participants and 38.1% of pregnancies were unintended. The adjusted unintended pregnancy rate accounting for abortion underreporting was 68 per 1,000 participants. Unintended pregnancy rates were highest among individuals who were younger (aged 18–24) and in enlisted pay grades, compared to their counterparts. Six percent reported their unintended pregnancy resulted in abortion. Six respondents reported becoming pregnant while deployed; none of these pregnancies resulted in abortion.

Conclusions

In this first study to report on abortion prevalence among US servicemembers, we found the proportion of unintended pregnancies resulting in abortion among a sample of US Navy members in 2016 was much lower than civilians, yet unintended pregnancy rates were higher.
Women Veterans’ Healthcare Needs, Utilization, and Preferences in Veterans Affairs Primary Care Settings
Authors: Sheahan Kate L. , Goldstein Karen M. , Than Claire T. , Bean-Mayberry Bevanne , Chanfreau Catherine C. , Gerber Megan R. , Rose Danielle E. , Brunner Julian , Canelo Ismelda A. , Darling MSHS Jill E. , Haskell Sally , Hamilton Alison B. , Yano Elizabeth M.
Published: August 2022

Background

The Veterans Health Administration (VA) is the largest integrated health system in the US and provides access to comprehensive primary care. Women Veterans are the fastest growing segment of new VA users, yet little is known about the characteristics of those who routinely access VA primary care in general or by age group.

Objective

Describe healthcare needs, utilization, and preferences of women Veterans who routinely use VA primary care.

Participants

1,391 women Veterans with 3+ primary care visits within the previous year in 12 VA medical centers (including General Primary Care Clinics, General Primary Care Clinics with designated space for women, and Comprehensive Women’s Health Centers) in nine states.

Methods

Cross-sectional survey (45% response rate) of sociodemographic characteristics, health status (including chronic disease, mental health, pain, and trauma exposure), utilization, care preferences, and satisfaction. Select utilization data were extracted from administrative data. Analyses were weighted to the population of routine users and adjusted for non-response in total and by age group.

Key Results

While 43% had health coverage only through VA, 62% received all primary care in VA. In the prior year, 56% used VA mental healthcare and 78% used VA specialty care. Common physical health issues included hypertension (42%), elevated cholesterol (39%), pain (35%), and diabetes (16%). Many screened positive for PTSD (41%), anxiety (32%), and depression (27%). Chronic physical and mental health burdens varied by age. Two-thirds (62%) had experienced military sexual trauma. Respondents reported satisfaction with VA women’s healthcare and preference for female providers.

Conclusions

Women Veterans who routinely utilize VA primary care have significant multimorbid physical and mental health conditions and trauma histories. Meeting women Veterans’ needs across the lifespan will require continued investment in woman-centered primary care, including integrated mental healthcare and emphasis on trauma-informed, age-specific care, guided by women’s provider preferences.
Getting Connected: a Retrospective Cohort Investigation of Video-to-Home Telehealth for Mental Health Care Utilization Among Women Veterans
Authors: Lindsay Jan A. , Caloudas Alexandra , Hogan Julianna , Ecker Anthony H. , Day Stephanie , Day Giselle , Connolly Samantha L. , Touchett Hilary , Weaver Kendra R. , Amspoker Amber B.
Published: August 2022

Background

Increasingly, women are serving in the military and seeking care at the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Women veterans face unique challenges and barriers in seeking mental health (MH) care within VHA. VA Video Connect (VVC), which facilitates video-based teleconferencing between patients and providers, can reduce barriers while maintaining clinical effectiveness.

Objective

Primary aims were to examine gender differences in VVC use, describe changes in VVC use over time (including pre-COVID and 6 months following the beginning of COVID), and determine whether changes over time differed by gender.

Design

A retrospective cohort investigation of video-to-home telehealth for MH care utilization among veterans having at least 1 MH visit from October 2019 to September 2020.

Participants

Veterans (236,268 women; 1,318,024 men).

Interventions (if applicable)

VVC involves face-to-face, synchronous, video-based teleconferencing between patients and providers, enabling care at home or another private location.

Main Measures

Percentage of MH encounters delivered via VA Video Connect.

Key Results

Women veterans were more likely than men to have at least 1 VVC encounter and had a greater percentage of MH care delivered via VVC in FY20. There was an increase in the percentage of MH encounters that were VVC over FY20, and this increase was greater for women than men. Women veterans who were younger than 55 (compared to those 55 and older), lived in urban areas (compared to those in rural areas), or were Asian (compared to other races) had a greater percentage of MH encounters that were VVC since the start of the pandemic, controlling for the mean percentage of VVC MH encounters in the 6 months pre-pandemic.

Conclusions

VVC use for MH care is greater in women veterans compared to male veterans and may reduce gender-specific access barriers. Future research and VVC implementation efforts should emphasize maximizing patient choice and satisfaction.
Medication Review and Enhanced Information Transfer at Discharge of Older Patients with Polypharmacy: a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Swiss Hospitals
Authors: Grischott Thomas , Rachamin Yael , Senn Oliver , Hug Petra , Rosemann Thomas , Neuner-Jehle Stefan
Published: August 2022

Background

Medication safety in patients with polypharmacy at transitions of care is a focus of the current Third WHO Global Patient Safety Challenge. Medication review and communication between health care professionals are key targets to reduce medication-related harm.

Objective

To study whether a hospital discharge intervention combining medication review with enhanced information transfer between hospital and primary care physicians can delay hospital readmission and impact health care utilization or other health-related outcomes of older inpatients with polypharmacy.

Design

Cluster-randomized controlled trial in 21 Swiss hospitals between January 2019 and September 2020, with 6 months follow-up.

Participants

Sixty-eight senior physicians and their blinded junior physicians included 609 patients ≥ 60 years taking ≥ 5 drugs.

Interventions

Participating hospitals were randomized to either integrate a checklist-guided medication review and communication stimulus into their discharge processes, or follow usual discharge routines.

Main Measures

Primary outcome was time-to-first-readmission to any hospital within 6 months, analyzed using a shared frailty model. Secondary outcomes covered readmission rates, emergency department visits, other medical consultations, mortality, drug numbers, proportions of patients with potentially inappropriate medication, and the patients’ quality of life.

Key Results

At admission, 609 patients (mean age 77.5 (SD 8.6) years, 49.4% female) took a mean of 9.6 (4.2) drugs per patient. Time-to-first-readmission did not differ significantly between study arms (adjusted hazard ratio 1.14 (intervention vs. control arm), 95% CI [0.75–1.71], p = 0.54), nor did the 30-day hospital readmission rates (6.7% [3.3–10.1%] vs. 7.0% [3.6–10.3%]). Overall, there were no clinically relevant differences between study arms at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge.

Conclusions

The combination of a structured medication review with enhanced information transfer neither delayed hospital readmission nor improved other health-related outcomes of older inpatients with polypharmacy. Our results may help researchers in balancing practicality versus stringency of similar hospital discharge interventions.

Study Registration

ISRCTN18427377, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN18427377
Real-world effectiveness of osteoporosis treatments in Germany
Authors: O’Kelly James , Bartsch Robert , Kossack Nils , Borchert Julia , Pignot Marc , Hadji Peyman
Published: August 2022

Summary

This observational study assessed the impact on the fracture incidence of osteoporosis medications in postmenopausal women in Germany. Continued treatment with osteoporosis medications was associated with reductions of fracture rates in a real-world setting.

Purpose

The efficacy of osteoporosis medications has been demonstrated in clinical trials, but a lack of evidence exists of their real-world effectiveness. This real-world study assessed the treatment patterns and impact on the fracture incidence of osteoporosis medications in postmenopausal women in Germany.

Methods

This cohort study used data from the WIG2 benchmark database, a German anonymised healthcare claims database. All women ≥ 50 years of age with ≥ 1 prescription for osteoporosis medication between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 were included. The primary outcome was treatment effectiveness, evaluated as the change in fracture incidence after initiating treatment. Fracture types included all fractures, clinical vertebral, hip and wrist/forearm. Fracture incidence was assessed during the early-treatment period (0–3 months) and the on-treatment period (4–12, 13–24, 25–36 and 37–48 months).

Results

Baseline covariates and treatment patterns were determined for 41,861 patients. The median duration of therapy was longer with denosumab (587 days) than with intravenous ibandronate (451 days), intravenous zoledronate (389 days) or oral bisphosphonates (258 days). The baseline incidence rate of all fractures was higher in patients receiving denosumab than in those receiving other treatments (87.6, 78.2, 56.6 and 66.0 per 1000 person-years for denosumab, oral bisphosphonates, intravenous ibandronate and intravenous zoledronate, respectively). Rates of all fractures declined with continued denosumab (by 38%, 50%, 56% and 67% at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months, respectively) and oral bisphosphonates (by 39%, 44%, 49% and 42%, respectively) treatment.

Conclusion

Continued treatment with osteoporosis medications was associated with reductions of fracture rates in a real-world setting.
Enhancing empowerment in young adults during the COVID-19 era in Italy through the Photovoice technique
Authors: Rania Nadia , Coppola Ilaria , Brucci Marta , Pinna Laura
Published: August 2022

The spread of COVID-19 has led to increasingly stringent containment measures. After the first period of lockdown, there has been an easing of measures worldwide. However, this choice has helped bring about a second wave to be faced by many states. The present research was conducting during the period in which it was necessary for the population to find strategies for living with COVID-19. The proposed action research envisaged the use of Photovoice and, due to social distancing, was carried out online. A total of 250 young adults were involved with the aim of bringing out individual and community solutions for effective coexistence with COVID-19. The data, collected through a triangulation process, were analysed on the basis of grounded theory and the support of NVivo 12. The results highlight how online Photovoice is an effective tool for implementing individual and community empowerment and for identifying solutions to live with COVID-19.
Relationships of the Ulna-to-fibula Ratio to Baseline and Reactive Steroid Hormone Levels: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Köllner Martin G. , Braun Sinja , Schöttner Hanna , Dlugash Gelena , Bettac Marlene , Steib Simon
Published: August 2022

Objective

Organizational hormone effects on the human brain and behavior are often retrospectively assessed via morphological markers of prenatal (e.g., 2D:4D digit ratio) or pubertal (e.g., facial width-to-height ratio, fWHR) hormone exposure. It has been argued that markers should relate to circulating hormones particularly in challenging, dominance/status-relevant situations. However, meta-analytic research indicates that fWHR, a frequently used pubertal marker, is neither reliably sex-dimorphic nor related to steroid hormones. This casts doubt on fWHR’s validity for reflecting hormone levels. Ulna-to-fibula ratio (UFR), an alternative, long-bone-length-based pubertal marker, is sex-dimorphic and associated with dominance motivation. However, its hormonal associations were never tested before. We therefore explored UFR’s relationships to baseline and reactive hormone levels.

Methods

We measured ulna and fibula length as well as shoulder/waist/hip circumference of 81 participants (49 women; after exclusions) via anthropometry. Salivary hormone levels (estradiol, testosterone) at baseline and after a gross-motor one-on-one balancing contest were measured via radioimmunoassay.

Results

We replicated UFR’s dimorphism, unrelatedness to height, and correlations to other putative markers of organizational hormone effects. On an exploratory basis, we found UFR to be related to overall baseline testosterone and to competition-induced reactive surges in steroid hormones (estradiol, testosterone) overall and in women.

Conclusions

Our results hint at UFR’s relationship to baseline testosterone and may indicate functional connections between outcomes of pubertal organizational hormone effects and contest-induced steroid reactivity. Pubertal organizational hormone effects may prepare the endocrine system for dominance and status contests. However, the small sample and the exploratory nature of our research demands replication.
CNN coal and rock recognition method based on hyperspectral data
Authors: Yang Jianjian , Chang Boshen , Zhang Yuchen , Luo Wenjie , Ge Shirong , Wu Miao
Published: August 2022

Aiming at the problem of coal gangue identification in the current fully mechanized mining face and coal washing, this article proposed a convolution neural network (CNN) coal and rock identification method based on hyperspectral data. First, coal and rock spectrum data were collected by a near-infrared spectrometer, and then four methods were used to filter 120 sets of collected data: first-order differential (FD), second-order differential (SD), standard normal variable transformation (SNV), and multi-style smoothing. The coal and rock reflectance spectrum data were pre-processed to enhance the intensity of spectral reflectance and absorption characteristics, as well as effectively remove the spectral curve noise generated by instrument performance and environmental factors. A CNN model was constructed, and its advantages and disadvantages were judged based on the accuracy of the three parameter combinations (i.e., the learning rate, the number of feature extraction layers, and the dropout rate) to generate the best CNN classifier for the hyperspectral data for rock recognition. The experiments show that the recognition accuracy of the one-dimensional CNN model proposed in this paper reaches 94.6%. Verification of the advantages and effectiveness of the method were proposed in this article.
Surface coal mining impacts on land use change and ecological service value: a case study in Shengli coalfield, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Zhang Lijia , Zhou Xu , Zhou Yan , Zhou Ji , Guo Jiwang , Zhai Zihan , Chen Yan , Su Xiangyan , Ying Lingxiao , Wang Liwei , Qiao Ying
Published: August 2022

Coal plays a crucial role in global economic development and remains the most common and widely distributed fossil fuel worldwide. As the world's largest developing country, China's mining and utilization of coal resources have contributed significantly to the country’s rapid economic growth. Inner Mongolia is an ecologically fragile arid and semi-arid area of China. The exploitation of opencast mining has seriously hindered the sustainable use of regional land and the residents' well-being. Using ENVI-based remote sensing images from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, this study employed a random forest algorithm to divide land utilization types into construction land, vegetation, cultivated land, bare land, and water areas and analyzed the characteristics of land use and ecosystem service value changes over the past 20 years. The results were as follows: (1) Construction land in the mining area changed minimally from 2000 to 2020; vegetation and water bodies showed a decreasing trend, whereas bare and cultivated lands showed an increasing trend. Bare land exhibited the largest change in area proportion and water bodies the smallest. (2) The total ecosystem service value of the mining area declined from 10.939 to 9.527 billion Yuan. Vegetation ecosystem service value was the highest, followed by cultivated land and water, with the bare land ecosystem service value the lowest. (3) On a spatial scale, the total ecosystem service value of the Shengli mining area decreased year by year, indicating that land use changes in the mining area do have an impact on ecosystem service value.
Carbon Footprint and Energy Transformation Analysis of Steel Produced via a Direct Reduction Plant with an Integrated Electric Melting Unit
Authors: Suer Julian , Ahrenhold Frank , Traverso Marzia
Published: August 2022

The production of flat steel products is commonly linked to highly integrated sites, which include hot metal generation via the blast furnace, basic oxygen furnace (BOF), continuous casting, and subsequent hot-rolling. In order to reach carbon neutrality a shift away from traditional carbon-based metallurgy is required within the next decades. Direct reduction (DR) plants are capable to support this transition and allow even a stepwise reduction in CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, the implementation of these DR plants into integrated metallurgical plants includes various challenges. Besides metallurgy, product quality, and logistics, special attention is given on future energy demand. On the basis of carbon footprint methodology (ISO 14067:2019) different scenarios of a stepwise transition are evaluated and values of possible CO2equivalent (CO2eq) reduction are coupled with the demand of hydrogen, electricity, natural gas, and coal. While the traditional blast furnace—BOF route delivers a surplus of electricity in the range of 0.7 MJ/kg hot-rolled coil; this surplus turns into a deficit of about 17 MJ/kg hot-rolled coil for a hydrogen-based direct reduction with an integrated electric melting unit. On the other hand, while the product carbon footprint of the blast furnace-related production route is 2.1 kg CO2eq/kg hot-rolled coil; this footprint can be reduced to 0.76 kg CO2eq/kg hot-rolled coil for the hydrogen-related route, provided that the electricity input is from renewable energies. Thereby the direct impact of the processes of the integrated site can even be reduced to 0.15 kg CO2eq/kg hot-rolled coil. Yet, if the electricity input has a carbon footprint of the current German or European electricity grid mix, the respective carbon footprint of hot-rolled coil even increases up to 3.0 kg CO2eq/kg hot-rolled coil. This underlines the importance of the availability of renewable energies.

Graphical Abstract
Body Esteem Explains the Relationship Between Mindful Eating and Self-Compassion: a Mediation Analysis
Authors: Keyte Rebecca , Harding-Jones Georgia , Hussain Misba , Wood Jeffrey , Egan Helen , Mantzios Michail
Published: August 2022

Research illustrates that high levels of self-compassion are associated with individuals eating in a mindful way. Previous research focusing upon emotional eating behaviours has suggested that body esteem is a mechanism that links self-compassion to eating behaviours, whilst mindful eating relates negatively to emotional eating and displays another, more adaptive way of eating. The present research explored whether body esteem could explain (i.e. mediate) the relationship between mindful eating and self-compassion. Two hundred participants were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between mindful eating, self-compassion, and body esteem. The present study highlights a positive correlation between mindful eating and body esteem, with a mediation effect being observed for mindful eating on self-compassion via the appearance subscale of body esteem. Possible explanations and future directions are discussed further with an emphasis on the need for more empirical work. In addition, suggestions are provided regarding the inclusion of body esteem within weight management interventions focusing upon mindful eating and self-compassion.
Genetic Polymorphism of Human MDR1 Exon 21 and 26 in Korean and Vietnamese Populations
Authors: Lee J. , Le H.T. , Lee S. , Yoon Y. , Chung J. , Shin J.
Published: August 2022

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P40–P40; doi:
Effects of Ginseng and Ginkgo Biloba Components on CYP3A4 Mediated Testosterone 6β‐Hydroxylation in Human Liver Microsomes
Authors: He N. , Edeki T. I.
Published: August 2022

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P50–P50; doi:
Debt Sustainability
Authors: Schuknecht Ludger
Published: August 2022

This study presents the facts, arguments and scenarios around public debt from a global perspective. Especially the largest economies feature record debt and fiscal risks, including from population ageing and financial imbalances. Given low interest rates, there is no imminent problem. But at some point, debt will have to come down. There are four possible scenarios how debt could come down. First, governments could economise and reform. Second, governments could default. Third, governments could erode the real value of debt via inflation and negative real interest rates. However, this scenario cannot continue forever. Policy errors can prompt a loss of confidence, destabilisation and crisis. This fourth scenario last included the largest economies in the 1970s. It would become a major global challenge if it were to happen again in today's interconnected world.
Leafwise quasigeodesic foliations in dimension three and the funnel property
Authors: CHANDA ANINDYA , FENLEY SÉRGIO R.
Published: August 2022

We construct one-dimensional foliations which are subfoliations of two-dimensional foliations in$3$-manifolds. The subfoliation is by quasigeodesics in each two-dimensional leaf, but it is not funnel: not all quasigeodesics share a common ideal point in most leaves.
On genus one mirror symmetry in higher dimensions and the BCOV conjectures
Authors: Eriksson Dennis , Freixas i Montplet Gerard , Mourougane Christophe
Published: August 2022

The mathematical physicists Bershadsky–Cecotti–Ooguri–Vafa (BCOV) proposed, in a seminal article from 1994, a conjecture extending genus zero mirror symmetry to higher genera. With a view towards a refined formulation of the Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem, we offer a mathematical description of the BCOV conjecture at genus one. As an application of the arithmetic Riemann–Roch theorem of Gillet–Soulé and our previous results on the BCOV invariant, we establish this conjecture for Calabi–Yau hypersurfaces in projective spaces. Our contribution takes place on the B-side, and together with the work of Zinger on the A-side, it provides the first complete examples of the mirror symmetry program in higher dimensions. The case of quintic threefolds was studied by Fang–Lu–Yoshikawa. Our approach also lends itself to arithmetic considerations of the BCOV invariant, and we study a Chowla–Selberg type theorem expressing it in terms of special

$\Gamma $

-values for certain Calabi–Yau manifolds with complex multiplication.
Cycles of many lengths in Hamiltonian graphs
Authors: Bucić Matija , Gishboliner Lior , Sudakov Benny
Published: August 2022

In 1999, Jacobson and Lehel conjectured that, for

$k \geq 3$

, every k-regular Hamiltonian graph has cycles of

$\Theta (n)$

many different lengths. This was further strengthened by Verstraëte, who asked whether the regularity can be replaced with the weaker condition that the minimum degree is at least

$3$

. Despite attention from various researchers, until now, the best partial result towards both of these conjectures was a

$\sqrt {n}$

lower bound on the number of cycle lengths. We resolve these conjectures asymptotically by showing that the number of cycle lengths is at least

$n^{1-o(1)}$

.
Montessori in India: Adapted, Competing, and Contested Framings, 1915–2021
Authors: Debs Mira
Published: August 2022

The long history of Montessori education in India dates to 1915, and it was expanded through Maria and Mario Montessori's work in India between 1939 to 1946 and 1947 to 1949. The article characterizes a century of Montessori education in India as a series ofadapted, competing, and contested framingswith key disputes over Montessori education's intended purpose, audience, and how much it could be adapted. First, from 1915 to 1939, Montessori education was connected to the Indian independence movement as nation-building education, but it was eclipsed by a parallel rise of elite, private Montessori schools, a framing reinforced by Maria Montessori's insistence on fidelity to her method. Starting in the 1950s, other Indian educators adapted Montessori for poor children, an emphasis that continues today with government and foundation-funded schools. Finally, in the last thirty years, India's new middle class has driven demand for early childhood education, leading to branded Montessori franchises, some bearing little resemblance to Montessori's original pedagogy.
Cerámica internodal: Aportes a las interacciones entre la Puna meridional y los Valles Calchaquíes (Argentina)
Authors: Puente Verónica , Martel Álvaro
Published: August 2022

Abordamos la interacción social entre puna y valles del noroeste argentino, a través de análisis estilísticos y petrográficos de conjuntos cerámicos. Estos proceden de tres sitios asociados a una vía de circulación correspondiente al área internodal del Volcán Galán, ubicada entre los nodos Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca) y Valle Calchaquí medio (Salta). La comparación de estos estudios con información relativa a ambos nodos nos permitió constatar la utilización de esta ruta de interacción durante los períodos Tardío (ca. 900-1400 dC) e Inca (ca. 1400-1550 dC). Determinamos la circulación de recipientes de importancia estatal hacia la puna, mayoritariamente elaborados en el Valle Calchaquí. Proponemos, también, una interacción con la región de Atacama (Chile). En suma, la cerámica recuperada materializa la articulación de ambos lados de la cordillera de los Andes como parte de estrategias incaicas de integración implementadas en el Collasuyo.
The “Aliens” in Post-Yugoslav Cinema
Authors: Jaugaitė Rimantė
Published: August 2022

This research explores how the post-Yugoslav film-makers, in particular Nebojša Slijepčević, Goran Dević, and Srđan Keča, investigate the dilemma of ethnic identity and face the cultural division in the post-conflict societies. The article aims to discuss cinematic representations of theotherand conduct a deeper textual analysis of the filmSrbenka(2018), in comparison toAfter the War(2006) andImported Crows(2004). Also, the article bridges the gap between more conceptual literature on transnational cinema (Stephen Crofts, Steven Rawle, Saša Vojković), nationalism studies (Benedict Anderson, Rogers Brubaker, V.P. (Chip) Gagnon Jr.), as well as history (Tara Zahra) and more empirical analysis providing examples from the contemporary post-Yugoslav cinema. Therefore, the article demonstrates how applying theories from different disciplines enrich film analysis when investigating theotherness.
Risk of repeated suicide attempt after redeeming prescriptions for antidepressants: a register-based study in Denmark
Authors: Jakobsen Sarah Grube , Larsen Christina Petrea , Stenager Elsebeth , Christiansen Erik
Published: August 2022

Background

It remains unclear how SSRIs and other antidepressants are associated with the risk of repeated suicide attempts. We aimed to analyse the association between redeemed antidepressant prescriptions and the risk of repeated suicide attempts, hypothesising that antidepressant treatment is associated with increased risk of repeated suicide attempts.

Methods

The study was based on Danish register data and a validated cohort of 1842 suicide attempts. We used three Cox regression models (crude, adjusted and propensity score matched) to analyse the data; these models included both static and dynamic time-dependent factors.

Results

1842 individuals attempted suicide in the study period, with a total of 210 repeated attempts. Individuals redeeming antidepressant prescriptions were more likely to repeat a suicide attempt. All crude models showed all antidepressants to be significant risk factors (HR around 1.39), whereas all adjusted models showed all antidepressants to be insignificant risk factors.

Conclusion

We found no significant increased risk of repeated suicide attempts in individuals redeeming a prescription for any antidepressant (or only SSRIs) when considering the individuals' baseline risk of repetition. This study is based on validated suicide attempts, register data, and strong epidemiology designs, but it still has some limitations, and the results should be replicated and confirmed in other studies.
Respecting equality in economic option appraisal: valuing the time of your life
Authors: Franklin Donald
Published: August 2022

Even where willingness-to-pay as a measure of welfare impact is adjusted for diminishing marginal utility, welfare economics is shown to favour policies that add to the life expectancy or that enhance the quality of life of persons who are already better-off. I propose an alternative, Equal Respect methodology, under an axiomatic claim that at the point of decision the prospective life years of all individuals are of equal intrinsic social value. This justifies equal valuation of risk mitigation across all persons; similarly, all appraised impacts should be scaled to accord equal respect to difficult but no-less-valuable lives.
Bringing order to chaos: Research on Easy Swedish
Authors: Arle Solveig , Frondén Carina
Published: August 2022

Despite the early establishment of Easy Language in Sweden in the 1960s and a growing interest in producing Easy Language materials, linguistic research on Easy Swedish remains scarce. This literature review aims to describe how Easy Swedish has been understood in previous research, bringing together a wide range of perspectives and approaches. Applying a meta-narrative method, we investigate terms and definitions, descriptions of the target group, and ideologies, discourses, and values that justify Easy Language. Our results show an exclusive focus on written language and use of the termlättläst(Easy to Read), and a lack of a universal definition of the term. The results also show general agreement on the heterogeneity of the target group. Controversy arises from different perspectives on reading as well as the breadth of the concept, and the conceptualisation of Easy Swedish varies depending on the aims, discipline, and studied material.
Crystal structure of alfuzosin hydrochloride, C19H28N5O4Cl
Authors: Kaduk James A.
Published: August 2022

The crystal structure of anhydrous alfuzosin hydrochloride has been solved and refined using laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Anhydrous alfuzosin hydrochloride crystallizes in space groupP-1 witha= 9.3214(16),b= 9.3997(29),c= 12.6172(64) Å,α= 107.993(11),β= 100.386(9),γ= 90.229(6)°,V= 1032.1(10) Å3, andZ= 2 at ambient conditions. Thermal expansion is anisotropic, being 8× larger in thec-direction than in the other two. The crystal structure is characterized by a stack of planar fused rings along theb-axis, and layers of the more-corrugated portion of the molecule parallel to theab-plane. There are two strong N–H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, as well as seven C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. The powder patterns have been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
Legal status of abiotic resources in outer space: Appropriability, ownership, and access
Authors: Su Jinyuan
Published: August 2022

Humankind’s exploration and use of outer space are first and foremost limited by the obligation of non-appropriation. This prohibition, with an aim to prevent conflicts arising from competing territorial claims, does not extend to the exploitation of abiotic resources in space. Recent state practice has shown a clear trend of regarding such exploitation as a freedom of exploration and use of outer space. The future international legal regime should prohibit property claims over natural resources in place on celestial bodies, avoid the controversial issue of ownership, co-ordinate the resource activities of different entities by a stage-specific and priority-right-based mechanism, and harden the obligations of capacity-building and co-operation. The ideas of parallel system and monetary benefit sharing should not be discarded although resistance from major space-faring countries is foreseeable.
Hidden Desires: A Unified Strategy for Defending the Desire-Satisfaction Theory
Authors: Yu Xiang
Published: August 2022

According to the desire-satisfaction theory of well-being, your life goes well to the extent that your desires are satisfied. This theory faces the problem of prudential neutrality: it apparently cannot avoid saying that, from the point of view of prudence or self-interest, you ought to be neutral between satisfying an existing desire of yours and replacing it with an equally strong desire and satisfying the new desire. It also faces the problem of remote desires: it regards as directly relevant to your well-being even desires whose objects are intuitively too irrelevant to (or ‘remote’ from) your life to affect your welfare. In this article, I argue that desire theorists can answer both objections by appealing to hidden desires – ones that it is psychologically realistic to attribute to the agents in the cases on which the two problems are based, even though they are not mentioned in descriptions of those cases.
Examining reaction time variability on the stop-signal task in the ABCD study
Authors: Epstein Jeffery N. , Karalunas Sarah L. , Tamm Leanne , Dudley Jonathan A. , Lynch James D. , Altaye Mekibib , Simon John O. , Maloney Thomas C. , Atluri Gowtham
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Reaction time variability (RTV) has been estimated using Gaussian, ex-Gaussian, and diffusion model (DM) indices. Rarely have studies examined interrelationships among these performance indices in childhood, and the use of reaction time (RT) computational models has been slow to take hold in the developmental psychopathology literature. Here, we extend prior work in adults by examining the interrelationships among different model parameters in the ABCD sample and demonstrate how computational models of RT can clarify mechanisms of time-on-task effects and sex differences in RTs.

Method:

This study utilized trial-level data from the stop signal task from 8916 children (9–10 years old) to examine Gaussian, ex-Gaussian, and DM indicators of RTV. In addition to describing RTV patterns, we examined interrelations among these indicators, temporal patterns, and sex differences.

Results:

There was no one-to-one correspondence between DM and ex-Gaussian parameters. Nonetheless, drift rate was most strongly associated with standard deviation of RT and tau, while nondecisional processes were most strongly associated with RT, mu, and sigma. Performance worsened across time with changes driven primarily by decreasing drift rate. Boys were faster and less variable than girls, likely attributable to girls’ wide boundary separation.

Conclusions:

Intercorrelations among model parameters are similar in children as has been observed in adults. Computational approaches play a crucial role in understanding performance changes over time and can also clarify mechanisms of group differences. For example, standard RT models may incorrectly suggest slowed processing speed in girls that is actually attributable to other factors.
Seasonal and Diurnal Dynamics of Radio Noise for 8–20 MHz Poleward‐Oriented Mid‐Latitude Radars
Authors: Berngardt O. I. , St‐ Maurice J.‐P. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Marchaudon A.
Published: August 2022

Based on ray tracing in a smooth ionosphere described by the IRI‐2012 model we have inferred the seasonal‐diurnal dynamics of radio noise observed by four mid‐latitude high‐frequency (HF) radars. In the calculations, noise is assumed to be homogeneous and stationary, but the main contribution comes from the radar skip zone boundary due to focusing radiowaves effect. Noise absorption along the ray path is simulated from the IRI‐2012 electron density, and from the molecular nitrogen density and electron temperatures obtained from the NRLMSISE‐00 model. Earth magnetic field is not taken into account both in the absorption and ray‐tracing calculations due to insufficient accuracy of the ionospheric model. The model results are compared with experimental radar data, and good agreement between the two is demonstrated. It is shown that experimentally observed seasonal and diurnal dynamics of the noise correlates well with model predictions. We demonstrated saturation effect at low noise levels. The model makes it possible to estimate the amount of absorption in D‐ and E‐layers using noise observations at SuperDARN and SuperDARN‐like poleward‐oriented radars, especially at mid‐latitudes. This is important for the retrieval of long term variations in the electron density in the lower ionosphere, by using wide coverage provided by these radars' network. The model also makes it feasible to interpret vertical absorption by experimental noise observations, thereby significantly expanding the capability of HF radars to monitor the lower ionosphere, and to provide data for joint analysis with other data, obtained by these radars at E‐ and F‐layer heights.
Patchy Proton Aurora at Mars: A Global View of Solar Wind Precipitation Across the Martian Dayside From EMM/EMUS
Authors: Chaffin Michael S. , Fowler Christopher M. , Deighan Justin , Jain Sonal , Holsclaw Greg , Hughes Andréa , Ramstad Robin , Dong Yaxue , Brain Dave , AlMazmi Hoor , Chirakkil Krishnaprasad , Correira John , England Scott , Evans J. Scott , Fillingim Matt , Lillis Rob , Lootah Fatma , Raghuram Susarla , McFadden Jim , Halekas Jasper , Espley Jared , Schneider Nick , Mayyasi Majd , Lee Christina O. , Curry Shannon , AlMatroushi Hessa
Published: August 2022

Proton aurora at Mars are thought to form indirectly, as a result of solar wind proton charge exchange with planetary coronal hydrogen upstream of the bow shock. This charge exchange produces beamed energetic neutral atoms that bypass the induced magnetosphere and cause spatially uniform auroral emission when they collide with the thermosphere. Here we report multiple definitive observations of spatially localized “patchy” proton aurora at Mars using the Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer on the Emirates Mars Mission, and characterize the plasma environment during these events using contemporaneous Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission measurements. Multiple mechanisms are required to explain these observations, including at times the direct deposition of solar wind plasma into the thermosphere, particularly during radial interplanetary magnetic field conditions. Much future work will be needed to assess these mechanisms and understand the impact of these auroral events on Mars atmospheric evolution.