bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insuficiência renal crônica no Brasil segundo enfoque de causas múltiplas de morte
Authors: Siviero Pamila Cristina Lima , Machado Carla Jorge , Cherchiglia Mariangela Leal
Published: May 2014

Este estudo investiga a mortalidade por doença renal crônica (DRC) por meio das causas múltiplas de morte no Brasil e apresenta a análise de associação entre as causas de óbitos de pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS), considerando causas associadas de morbimortalidade e características epidemiológicas e sociodemográficas. Utilizou-se a base nacional em TRS centrada no indivíduo para os anos de 2000 a 2004 e a técnica multivariada Grade of Membership(GoM). Os resultados apontam quatro perfis: doenças transmissíveis, doenças glomerulares e do aparelho digestivo; lesões, envenenamentos e outras consequências de causas externas e reação anormal ou complicação tardia causadas por procedimentos cirúrgicos (hemodiálise); diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares; e perfil residual. Entre os resultados destaca-se que aproximadamente 48% dos óbitos decorreram, provavelmente, de complicações do tratamento (hemodiálise) e 39%, de diabetes, além de uma condição cardiovascular na declaração de óbito. Os achados deste estudo podem contribuir para um atendimento mais adequado dos pacientes com DRC e, principalmente, dos potenciais pacientes no sistema de saúde. A prevenção e o acompanhamento das doenças associadas, especialmente diabetes e hipertensão, têm papel importante na prevenção e progressão da DRC, que é uma doença complexa e exige múltiplas abordagens de tratamento.
Identification of food intake patterns and associated factors in teenagers
Authors: Mascarenhas Jean Márcia Oliveira , Silva Rita de Cássia Ribeiro , Assis Ana Marlúcia Oliveira de , Santana Mônica Leila Portela de , Moraes Lia Terezinha Lana Pimenta de , Barreto Maurício Lima
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To identify schoolchildren"s dietary patterns and investigate the demographic, social, and economic determinants of the differences found between patterns. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,330 students aged 11 to 17 years attending the public schools of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The subjects' food intake data were collected by a semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire comprising 97 food items. All information was collected during a single interview. The exposure variables were gender, age, and socioeconomic class, and the outcome variables were categorized food consumption pattern in "mixed pattern", "traditional pattern", and "healthy pattern". The data were treated by simple and multiple linear regression analyses and the dietary patterns determined by factor analysis. RESULTS: Most participants were female (56.9%) and over 13 years old (79.2%). The "mixed pattern" was positively associated with females (β=0.181, p<0.001). The "traditional pattern" was negatively associated with classes D, C, and B (β=-0.149, p<0.007), and the "healthy pattern" was negatively associated with females (β=-0.200, p>0.0001) and classes D, C, and B (β=-0.125, p<0.023). CONCLUSION: Three dietary patterns were identified among the adolescents, namely mixed, traditional, and healthy. Gender and socioeconomic class were associated with dietary patterns. Male teenagers and those in the lower socioeconomic classes had a healthier dietary pattern than their peers of higher socioeconomic classes and females.
Diversity of eating patterns in older adults: A new scenario?
Authors: Ferreira Patrícia Moraes , Papini Silvia Justina , Corrente José Eduardo
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To identify eating patterns and their distribution in a representative sample of older adults from the municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used food frequency and sociodemographic questionnaires to collect the respective data from 355 older users, selected by stratified sampling, of Botucatu's primary health care units from March to June 2011. Principal component analysis extracted six eating patterns. Individual food intake scores were divided into tertiles, classifying individual adherence to each eating pattern as low, moderate, or high, to measure the relationship between adherence tertiles and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: Six eating patterns were identified and named as follows: healthy foods; snacks and weekend meals; fruits; light and whole foods; soft diet; and traditional diet. Individuals with elementary school adhered highly to the patterns 'healthy foods' and 'fruits'. On the other hand, men and individuals with the highest education levels adhered highly to the pattern 'snacks and weekend meal'. Females adhered more often to the patterns 'light and whole foods' and 'soft diet'. The pattern 'soft diet' was also preferred by the oldest subgroup. CONCLUSION: The study population presented a diversity of eating patterns influenced by sociodemographic characteristics.
Effect of fatty Amazon fish consumption on lipid metabolism
Authors: Souza Francisca das Chagas do Amaral , Garcia Nadja Pinto , Sales Rejane Souza de Aquino , Aguiar Jaime Paiva Lopes , Duncan Wallice Luiz Paxiúba , Carvalho Rosany Piccolotto
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon basin on lipid metabolism. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group treated with commercial chow; Mapará group was fed diet enriched with Hypophthalmus edentatus; Matrinxã group was fed diet enriched with Brycon spp.; and, Tambaqui group was fed diet enriched with Colossoma macropomum. Rats with approximately 240g±0.60 of body weight were fed ad libitum for 30 days, and then were sacrificed for collection of whole blood and tissues. RESULTS: The groups treated with enriched diets showed a significant reduction in body mass and lipogenesis in the epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues and carcass when compared with the control group. However, lipogenesis in the liver showed an increase in Matrinxã group compared with the others groups. The levels of serum triglycerides in the treated groups with Amazonian fish were significantly lower than those of the control group. Moreover, total cholesterol concentration only decreased in the group Matrinxã. High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased significantly in the Mapará and Tambaqui compared with control group and Matrinxã group. The insulin and leptin levels increased significantly in all treatment groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon basin changed the lipid metabolism by reducing serum triglycerides and increasing high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in rats fed with diets enriched with Mapará, Matrinxã, and Tambaqui.
Estimativa dos componentes do balanço de energia e da evapotranspiração para áreas de cultivo de soja no sul do Brasil utilizando imagens do sensor TM Landsat 5
Authors: Monteiro Priscylla Ferraz Câmara , Fontana Denise Cybis , Santos Thiago Veloso dos , Roberti Débora Regina
Published: May 2014

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do algoritmo SEBAL na estimativa dos componentes de balanço de energia e da evapotranspiração para áreas de cultivo de soja irrigada no município de Cruz Alta (RS), assim como analisar a variação temporal e espacial da evapotranspiração a partir de imagens do sensor TM Landsat 5. O algoritmo Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) foi aplicado a seis imagens distribuídas ao longo do ciclo fenológico da cultura da soja, no município de Cruz Alta, RS, nas safras 2009 e 2010. As estimativas obtidas foram comparadas com os dados de superfície, obtidos por meio da estação micrometeorológica localizada na área de estudo. As estimativas mais precisas foram as do saldo de radiação, enquanto que a estimativa que apresentou maior erro foi a do fluxo de calor no solo. O SEBAL mostrou potencial para mapear a variabilidade espacial e temporal da evapotranspiração, evidenciando sensibilidade aos diferentes tipos de ocupação do solo e aos diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da cultura.
Seasonality elicits herbivores' escape from trophic control and favors induced resistance in a temperate macroalga
Authors: Haavisto Fiia , Jormalainen Veijo
Published: May 2014

Strong seasonality in temperate marine littoral environments triggers fluctuation in grazing and in trophic cascades. Variation in species interactions arising from seasonality may favor the evolution of induced resistance in macroalgae, but the coupling of induced resistance with temporally varying grazing pressure remains equivocal. Here we present a study where we manipulated the natural densities of herbivores and predatory fish to quantify seasonal variation in herbivory, induction of resistance, and cascading third‐trophic‐level effects on herbivory in the brown algaFucus vesiculosus, a foundation species of the rocky littoral in the northern Baltic Sea. Our results demonstrate a vast seasonal variation in grazing triggered by highly synchronized reproduction of the main mesograzer in the area,Idotea balthica. HighI. balthicadensity in autumn resulted in an 88% grazing loss and a strong induction of resistance to further feeding inF. vesiculosus. By the next spring,I. balthicadensities had decreased by 95% and the low herbivore density caused minor grazing loss and no induction of resistance in the algae. During the herbivory peak in autumn, both the overall resistance to herbivores and induced resistance varied amongF. vesiculosusgenotypes. Herbivores escaped from the trophic control of fish in autumn, leading to a herbivory peak, while in spring, fish decreased the low herbivore density even further and had a cascading beneficial effect on the algae. In autumn, the presence of fish predators was connected, however, to fewer algae, showing induced resistance. We emphasize the seasonal dynamics of herbivore populations as an important factor affecting the outcomes of three‐trophic interactions by promoting herbivore escapes from top‐down control and by generating periods of strong selection for resistance traits in macroalgae in temperate marine littoral environments. Induced resistance may be critical to survival of the algae, and is thus likely to be an adaptation to the strong seasonality of herbivory.
User-centric privacy-preserving statistical analysis of ubiquitous health monitoring data
Authors: Drosatos George , Efraimidis Pavlos
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we propose a user-centric software architecture for managing
Ubiquitous Health Monitoring Data (UHMD) generated from wearable sensors in a
Ubiquitous Health Monitoring System (UHMS), and examine how these data can be
used within privacy-preserving distributed statistical analysis. Two are the
main goals of our approach. First, to enhance the privacy of patients.
Second, to decongest the Health Monitoring Center (HMC) from the enormous
amount of biomedical data generated by the users? wearable sensors. In our
solution personal software agents are used to receive and manage the personal
medical data of their owners. Moreover, the personal agents can support
privacy-preserving distributed statistical analysis of the health data. To
this end, we present a cryptographic protocol based on secure multi-party
computations that accept as input current or archived values of users?
wearable sensors. We describe a prototype implementation that performs a
statistical analysis on a community of independent personal agents. Finally,
experiments with up to several hundred agents confirm the viability and the
effectiveness of our approach.
A question-based design pattern advisement approach
Authors: Pavlic Luka , Podgorelec Vili , Hericko Marjan
Published: May 2014

Design patterns are a proven way to build flexible software architectures.
But the selection of an appropriate design pattern is a difficult task in
practice, particularly for less experienced developers. In this paper, a
question based design pattern advisement approach will be proposed. This
approach primarily assists developers in identifying and selecting the most
suitable design pattern for a given problem. We will also propose certain
extensions to the existing Object-Oriented Design Ontology (ODOL). In
addition to the advisement procedure, a new design pattern advisement
ontology will be defined. We have also developed a tool that supports the
proposed ontology and question-based advisement (OQBA) approach. The
conducted controlled experiment and two surveys have shown that the proposed
approach is beneficial to all software developers, especially to those who
have less experience with design patterns.
PaaS manager: A platform-as-a-service aggregation framework
Authors: Cunha David , Neves Pedro , Sousa Pedro
Published: May 2014

The advent of Cloud Computing opened new opportunities in several areas,
namely in the application development processes. As consequence, nowadays,
PaaS (Platform-as-a-Service) service model allows simpler and flexible
deployment strategies of applications, avoiding the need for dedicated
networks, servers, storage, and other services. Within this context, several
PaaS providers exist in the market, but each one having specific
characteristics, proprietary technologies and Application Programming
Interfaces (APIs). Based on such assumptions, this work addresses the
challenge of devising a PaaS aggregation solution with the objective of
unifying the information and management processes of applications created in
PaaS environments. The proposed solution, denominated as PaaS Manager, take
the form of a PaaS API aggregator aiming to struggle the existing lock-in in
the PaaS market. In this perspective, this paper describes the specification,
development and test of the proposed PaaS Manager solution. As result of this
framework, end-users are able to select the most appropriate PaaS platform
for an application, interacting with any supported vendor through a unique
deployment and management interface.
Sustainable rural retention of health workforce in Bangladesh - Is a dream or reality?
Authors: Latif SA , Habib MA , Alam MR
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v42i1.18967 Bangladesh Med J. 2013 Jan; 42 (1): 1-2
Pattern of serum cardiac troponin-I in symptomatic acute myocardial infarction patients in national institute of cardiovascular disease in Bangladesh
Authors: Shahina SS , Ahmed JU , Ahmed S , Shahriar E , Uddin MN , Bhuiyan AKM Zamanul Islam , Azad AK
Published: May 2014

Troponin I (cTnI) isoform is cardiac muscle specific protein and shown to have several features as a preferred marker of myocardial injury. It rises early in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and attains levels that are clearly separated from baseline values. It remains elevated for several days providing a long window for detection of cardiac injury. The objective of the study was to evaluate for the profile of cTnI level among symptomatic AMI patients. The study was conducted at National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2007 to June 2008 and total 9552 patients with type 1 or type 2 MI were included. Blood Sample was taken within 3 days of symptoms and cTnI was measured by chemiluminescent immunometric assay method. cTnI was considered positive when the value was >1ng/ml and study population was divided as per age, sex and cTnI level. The mean (+ SD) age of all patients was 55(+ 12.8) years and majority was males (82.20%). Seasonal variation showed highest positive cases in winter. In case of circadian variation positive cTnI results were suggestive of morning peak of AMI. Positive results were obtained in 32.3% of Cases. cTnI is now considered as a better indicator of myocardial injury. Further study in depth is necessary to correlate with clinical symptoms and other diagnostic tests to make a complete profile of AMI according to the latest subtypes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v42i1.18969 Bangladesh Med J. 2013 Jan; 42 (1): 3-6
Comparison of histology activity index scores in patients with HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative CHB to see difference in severity of liver injury
Authors: Nahar MN , Mahtab MA , Habib S , Arafat SM , Rahman M , Hoque M , Rahman AJE Nahar
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study is to compare histology activity index (HAI) scores in patients with HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative CHB to see if there is any difference in severity of liver injury between these two types of HBV. We did percutaneous liver biopsies of 77 CHB patients. Serum HBeAg status were assessed in all study subjects. Of them, 37.66% patients (29/77) had HBeAg positive HBV infection, while the rest 62.33% (48/77) had HBeAg negative HBV infection. 22/48 (27.78%) patients with HBeAg negative CHB had mild to moderate CH (HAI score 4-12) and 26/48 (72.22%) patients had minimal CH (HAI score 1-3). In contrast, mild to moderate CH was seen in 19/29(72.23%) patients with HBeAg positive CHB. The study shows there is no correlation between the necro-inflammatory activity in the liver and HBeAg status in the ser um in patients with CHB. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v42i1.18970 Bangladesh Med J. 2013 Jan; 42 (1): 7-10
Daycare adenotonsillectomy - Indications, complications and outcome
Authors: Rahman MM , Kadir MA
Published: May 2014

Adenotonsillectomy is one of the commonly performed operations in children. Daycare adenotonsillectomy is common in many parts of the world but it is not a common practice in major hospitals of our country due to fear of complications. 105 children within 6-12 years of age with a range of 8.8 ± 1.4 years (mean ± SD) underwent daycare adenotonsillectomy in between April 2000 to September 2001. Reactionary hemorrhage is found in 1.9% cases and secondary hemorrhage in 0.9% cases. None required return to the operation theatre. 95.2% cases were discharged 8-12 hours after operation with a stay of 10.2 ± 1.4 hours (mean ± SD). 5 patients required admission for overnight observation and treatment for complications. There was no mortality. The incidence of complication is low and comparable to other studies. The result suggests that daycare adenotonsillectomy can be safely performed in properly selected children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v42i1.18971 Bangladesh Med J. 2013 Jan; 42 (1): 11-13
Study on the pattern of radiological changes in osteoarthritis of knee joint
Authors: Ahmed SM , Rahman MA , Islam MT , Khasru MR , Islam MA
Published: May 2014

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the frequent and functionally impairing disorders of the musculoskeletal system and characterized by an imbalance between the synthesis and degradation of the articular cartilage. The present study was conducted on the pattern of radiological changes in OA of knee joint patients attending in the department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Structural changes of articular cartilage were assessed by the sequence of changes in the knee joint manifested as sclerosis, osteophytes formation, and joint space narrowing and joint space erosion by a radiographic examination. Osteophytes were more common in medial condyle in 46-61 age group (73.68%) and male patients of some age group showed higher rate of development of osteophytes in intercondylar area. Narrowing of joint space were more in medial tibiofemoral compartment (59.82%) in the 46-61 age group (70.98%), where as erosion was found higher in medial tibiofemoral compartment (70%) and more in male patients (36%). The findings of this study as revealed by the standard radiographic imaging of formation of osteophytes, joint space narrowing and joint space erosion lead to the recommendation that the problem is increasing with age. However, more studies are required for the purpose specifying medical treatment using appropriate appliances under close supervision of a physical medicine specialist. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v42i1.18972 Bangladesh Med J. 2013 Jan; 42 (1): 14-17
Clinical study on atopic dermatitis
Authors: Karim ME , Ali CM , Akhtar N
Published: May 2014

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a genetically determined itchy inflammatory condition characterized by poorly defined erythema with edema, vesicles and weeping in the acute stage and skin thickenings in the chronic stage with a predilection for skin flexures. Atopic dermatitis is the most frequent type of chronic eczema associated with severe pruritus which may lead to constant scratching, producing excoriations and lichenification. There is no single distinguishing feature of AD or a diagnostic laboratory test. Hanifin and Rajka proposed a number of clinical sign and symptoms to define diagnosis of AD. The diagnosis requires the presence of at least three major features and at least three minor features. This clinical study is intended to find out the most frequent sign and symptom of AD. Fifty patients were elected as AD according to Hanifin and Rajka criteria in out patient department of Dermatology and Venereology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Majority of the study subjects (39%) were between 10-19 years and most of them were male (54%). The mean duration of AD was 8.9 (±8.1) years. Regarding occupation 36% were student. Twenty four (24) percent of patient had family history of asthma and 14% had allergic rhinitis. Around 36% cases had personal history of allergic rhinitis and 18% had asthma. The most frequent symptoms were itch when sweating (56%) followed by intolerance of food (36%) and disease influenced by environmental and emotional factors (22%). Among the signs most common were flexural lichenification (96%) followed by xerosis (76%), cheilitis (52%), ichthyosis/hyperlinear palms (24%), extensor involvement and orbital darkening were 22% each, non-specific hand & foot eczema (18%) and pityriasis alba (16%.) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v42i1.18973 Bangladesh Med J. 2013 Jan; 42 (1): 18-20
Correlation between clinical and radiological presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis in children
Authors: Karim T , Quarashi MSA , Rahman MA
Published: May 2014

Pulmonary tuberculosis may be easily confused with other chest diseases during its initial presentation. This study was carried out to identify presenting clinical and laboratory features that differentiate pulmonary tuberculosis from other diseases and to correlate clinical features and radiological findings. This study was conducted in department of pediatrics and Radiology in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Dhaka Shihsu Hospital from July 2005 to June 2006. A total fifty Children below 18 were included in the study after being clinically diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis. These patients were subjected to detailed history and, clinical examination. Each patient was evaluated by blood CBC, ESR, Mantoux test, Chest X-ray posterior anterior/lateral view, BCG test and gastric lavage. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 8 computer program. Fever, cough, weight loss, night sweats and raised ESR were the most common findings in PTB children. No correlation was found between clinical and laboratory parameters in establishing a confident diagnosis of the disease. The study highlights the importance of further research to pinpoint stronger and more reliable criteria for diagnosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v42i1.18974 Bangladesh Med J. 2013 Jan; 42 (1): 21-24
Anthropometric measurement - An easy approach for evaluation of obesity
Authors: Islam MT , Rokonozaman M
Published: May 2014

Now a days obesity is a burden worldwide. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in both the developed and developing countries. To investigate the anthropometric measurement in obesity. This cross study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are strictly maintained for selection of study and control groups. Anthropometric measurements were performed in 150 cases of overweight and obese. BMI, WC, WHR, blood pressure were high in obese group. Obesity affects various anthropometric measurements and may be used to routinely evaluate obese patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v42i1.18976 Bangladesh Med J. 2013 Jan; 42 (1): 25-27
Management of stroke - Bangladesh perspective
Authors: Mohammad QD
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v42i1.18979 Bangladesh Med J. 2013 Jan; 42 (1): 34-37
An elegy for Dr Sajia - Dont we need more than a gentle societal push to end violence against women?
Authors: Islam S
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v42i1.18980 Bangladesh Med J. 2013 Jan; 42 (1): 38
Nicotine replacement therapy - A benediction for smokers
Authors: Adhikary M
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v42i1.18982 Bangladesh Med J. 2013 Jan; 42 (1): 40-41
3D printing - Scientists are now able to print entire body parts
Authors: Pavel MFK
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v42i1.18983 Bangladesh Med J. 2013 Jan; 42 (1): 42
Combustion or Incineration? Notes on English Translations of Holocaust-related Writings by W. G. Sebald
Authors: Timms Edward
Published: May 2014

This paper examines certain discrepancies between the German originals and the English translations of three Holocaust-related works by W. G. Sebald: The Emigrants, The Rings of Saturn, and Vertigo. The process of Anglicization is shown to involve tonal transformations. Attention is also drawn to variations in the use of the textually embedded illustrations that form such a distinctive feature of Sebald's narrative strategy, for example the omission from The Emigrants of a chalk drawing by the refugee artist Frank Auerbach that was featured in the German original, Die Ausgewanderten. This raises further questions about an aesthetic of hybridity that not only combines words with images, but transforms real-life originals into quasi-fictional characters.
Translating Trauma: David Boder's 1946 Interviews with Holocaust Survivors
Authors: Müller Beate
Published: May 2014

David Boder's wire-recorded interviews with about 130 displaced persons conducted in 1946 in France, Italy, Germany, and Switzerland – his ‘Voices’ Project - is the earliest known oral history of Holocaust survivors. Their testimonies were recorded in nine languages, Boder translating as many of them as he could into English, thus turning the original audio files into written documents. The psychologist Boder claimed that the traumatic experiences suffered by his interviewees had patterned their language, something he tried to reflect in what he called ‘awkward’ translations. However, Boder's desire to identify and transmit trauma-induced linguistic behaviour led to misinterpretations and a failure to understand language choice, rather than language competence, as a sign of trauma.
Remembering Oradour-sur-Glane: Collective Memory in Translation
Authors: Deane-Cox Sharon
Published: May 2014

This article considers the impact of translation on the transmission of collective memory through a comparative study of the original French and translated English audio guides at the Centre de la Mémoire at Oradour-sur-Glane, a village whose inhabitants were massacred by the Waffen-SS in 1944. Framed by Landsberg's notion of ‘prosthetic memory’, it explores the capacity of translation to shape the affective and ethical response of the English audio guide user, thereby orienting the visitor along the Centre's route of remembrance in a manner which may converge with or deviate from the experience of the French visitor.
Immunogenetic Factors Affecting Susceptibility of Humans and Rodents to Hantaviruses and the Clinical Course of Hantaviral Disease in Humans
Authors: Charbonnel Nathalie , Pagès Marie , Sironen Tarja , Henttonen Heikki , Vapalahti Olli , Mustonen Jukka , Vaheri Antti
Published: May 2014

We reviewed the associations of immunity-related genes with susceptibility of humans and rodents to hantaviruses, and with severity of hantaviral diseases in humans. Several class I and class II HLA haplotypes were linked with severe or benign hantavirus infections, and these haplotypes varied among localities and hantaviruses. The polymorphism of other immunity-related genes including the C4A gene and a high-producing genotype of TNF gene associated with severe PUUV infection. Additional genes that may contribute to disease or to PUUV infection severity include non-carriage of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) allele 2 and IL-1β (-511) allele 2, polymorphisms of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and platelet GP1a. In addition, immunogenetic studies have been conducted to identify mechanisms that could be linked with the persistence/clearance of hantaviruses in reservoirs. Persistence was associated during experimental infections with an upregulation of anti-inflammatory responses. Using natural rodent population samples, polymorphisms and/or expression levels of several genes have been analyzed. These genes were selected based on the literature of rodent or human/hantavirus interactions (some Mhc class II genes, Tnf promoter, and genes encoding the proteins TLR4, TLR7, Mx2 and β3 integrin). The comparison of genetic differentiation estimated between bank vole populations sampled over Europe, at neutral and candidate genes, has allowed to evidence signatures of selection for Tnf, Mx2 and the Drb Mhc class II genes. Altogether, these results corroborated the hypothesis of an evolution of tolerance strategies in rodents. We finally discuss the importance of these results from the medical and epidemiological perspectives.
Un exercice de TVA sociale
Authors: Gauthier Stéphane
Published: May 2014

Ce texte étudie les effets d’une réforme consistant à substituer la TVA, une taxe assise principalement sur la consommation finale des ménages, à des cotisations sociales, assises sur les salaires. Il discute les conditions sous lesquelles une telle mesure n’est pas neutre pour l’économie et propose ensuite une maquette analytique calibrée à l’aide des données de la Comptabilité Nationale 2006. La maquette prédit qu’une baisse des cotisations sociales de 13 Md financée par la TVA conduirait sur un horizon de 10 ans à une hausse de l’emploi de l’ordre de 50 000 individus si l’allègement de charges bénéficie uniformément à l’ensemble de la main-d’œuvre, et de 250 000 individus si l’allègement est concentré sur la main-d’œuvre peu qualifiée.
Carafe ou bouteille ? Le rôle de la qualité de l’environnement dans la décision du consommateur
Authors: Nauges Céline , Bontemps Christophe
Published: May 2014

On propose dans cet article de mesurer, par une étude économétrique appropriée, l’impact des facteurs environnementaux, socioéconomiques et culturels sur la décision des ménages de boire (ou non) l’eau du robinet. L’originalité de notre approche réside d’une part, dans l’utilisation de données de consommation de ménages associées à des informations sur la qualité de l’environnement dans la commune de résidence de ces ménages, en particulier la qualité des eaux brutes, et d’autre part dans l’utilisation du coût de potabilisation de l'eau comme mesure de la “ mauvaise qualité ” des eaux brutes. L’estimation d’un modèle de type Probit sur un échantillon de 4 623 ménages montre que la “ mauvaise qualité ” des eaux brutes est un déterminant significatif de la décision de (ne pas ) boire l’eau du robinet. Le rôle significatif des caractéristiques des ménages et les effets régionaux sont également confirmés. Enfin, nos résultats ne mettent pas en évidence un impact significatif du mode de gestion du service de l’eau (public/privé) sur le choix des consommateurs.
Les collectivités locales peuvent-elles restaurer leur capacité de financement ? Les enseignements du modèle macroéconomique APUL
Authors: Tavera Christophe , Guengant Alain , Gilbert Guy
Published: May 2014

L’article présente un modèle macroéconomique des administrations publiques locales (APUL) françaises cohérent avec leur cadre comptable centré sur la contrainte d’équilibre des budgets et des comptes. Il s’interroge sur la pérennité du besoin de financement et de la croissance de la dette des APUL observés actuellement et sur ses éventuelles conséquences dans le cadre des engagements macro-budgétaires européens. Le modèle repose sur l’hypothèse, confirmée empiriquement sur la période d’estimation 1978-2003, que les budgets locaux se construisent à partir d’une hypothèse de stabilité fiscale et se bouclent par un arbitrage investissement / endettement. Les simulations rétrospectives et prospectives suggèrent que dans un contexte de croissance, d’inflation et de taux d’intérêt modérés, le besoin de financement des APUL pourrait disparaître d’ici 2010. Les simulations font ressortir en outre la forte pro-cyclicité du solde budgétaire local, celui-ci évoluant en raison directe à la croissance économique ; l’effet positif d’une élévation du taux d’intérêt sur le solde de financement dont l’effet dépressif sur la demande d’emprunts l’emporte sur l’effet d’alourdissement de la charge de remboursement, et l’effet négatif d’une augmentation du prix relatif des biens d’investissement.
L’impact économique du développement des marques de distributeurs
Authors: Réquillart Vincent , Bontems Philippe , Bergès-Sennou Fabian
Published: May 2014

Cet article constitue une synthèse de la littérature traitant des marques de distributeurs (MDD). Dans une première partie, nous faisons l’état des lieux statistiques sur l’importance des MDD. Dans un second temps, nous analysons les raisons ayant poussé les distributeurs à introduire les MDD ainsi que l’impact de leur développement sur les producteurs et les consommateurs. Ces conclusions sont ensuite confrontées à la littérature empirique sur les MDD. La troisième partie s’intéresse au positionnement stratégique des MDD et la quatrième partie fait le lien entre les MDD et les politiques de fidélisation des enseignes. Enfin, les enjeux des MDD pour les producteurs sont discutés dans une cinquième partie et une réflexion sur les effets de bien-être du développement des MDD conclut l’article.
Économie de l'environnement et des ressources naturelles. Présentation générale
Authors: Bureau Dominique , Salanié François , Schubert Katheline
Published: May 2014

ENG: environment , firms , labels , innovation , technology , organizational design , financing, JEL classification L25 - Q52 - Q55 - Q56
On Tamil poetical compositions and their “limbs”, as described by Tamil grammarians (Studies in Tamil metrics-1)
Authors: Chevillard Jean-Luc
Published: May 2014

In writing a history of the Tamil Grammatical Tradition, one must try to make explicit the genesis, the constituent elements and the purpose of an ensemble that was gradually put together during the First Millenium of the Common Era. The main purpose of that collective endeavour seems to have been the detailed characterization of a refined language, which was possibly one of the components in a diglossic situation (analogous to that of Tamil today). That refined language would be used for the metrical composition (yāppu) by poets of a variety of poetical texts (ceyyuḷ) falling under different genres, the dominant one being pāṭṭu “ song/ verse”. As a consequence, we observe the simultaneous transmission of a poetical corpus, progressively enriched, and of a series of grammatical treatises. The oldest treatise available is the Tolkāppiyam, which gives in its penultimate chapter, the Ceyyuḷiyal, a characterization of the thirty-four “ limbs” (uṟuppu) of poetical compositions. Those limbs are subdivided into several groups, which are examined in this article, particularly with a view to matching them with phenomena attested in the existing poetical corpus and to assessing how naturally they fit the Tamil language. This is followed by an examination of the relationship between the conceptions found in the Tolkāppiyam (and its first commentator, Iḷampūraṇar) and those found in later metrical treatises such as the Yāpparuṅkalam (and its commentary).
Singularité(s) de la sociolinguistique du domaine catalan. Un repérage épistémologique
Authors: Boyer Henri
Published: May 2014

La sociolinguistique élaborée en domaine catalan (Espagne) dans les années soixante du XXe siècle, tout en s’inspirant des modélisations nord-américaines en matière de situation de bi/ plurilinguisme, a eu une place à part dans le champ disciplinaire en voie de constitution, non seulement en contexte espagnol mais également en Europe. Outre certaines adaptations et même créations conceptuelles, cette sociolinguistique s’est constituée en prise directe avec la réalité socio-politique vécue par les fondateurs, chercheurs impliqués, au sein d’une configuration linguistique conflictuelle. La normalisation officielle des usages du catalan, langue minorée jusqu’à la fin de la dictature franquiste par l’hégémonie imposée du castillan n’aurait pas eu le succès salué aujourd’hui par les spécialistes sans l’impact de cette sociolinguistique. Cependant celle-ci fait face aujourd’hui à une nouvelle situation linguistique qui requiert sûrement une révision épistémologique.
« Los problemas matemáticos son como los temas gramaticales » : logique, grammaire et arithmétique dans les traités d’analyse logique et grammaticale (XIXe siècle)
Authors: Torre Esteban
Published: May 2014

This paper focuses on the relationship between grammar and arithmetic, considered foundational school subjects in the 19th century. We will first describe the logical connection established in France between grammar and arithmetic, and examine how this relationship was reported in early Spanish treatises on logical and grammatical analysis. We will then, taking both French and Spanish treatises, examine the introduction of terms ‘ complex’ and ‘ uncomplex’ to classify clausal elements (subject and attribute). We will conclude our article with an overview of the influence of arithmetic on formal representations of analysis in some Spanish manuals devoted to this practice.
Visible light photooxidative performance of a high-nuclearity molecular bismuth vanadium oxide cluster
Authors: Tucher Johannes , Streb Carsten
Published: May 2014

The visible light photooxidative performance of a new high-nuclearity molecular bismuth vanadium oxide cluster, H3[{Bi(dmso)3}4V13O40], is reported. Photocatalytic activity studies show faster reaction kinetics under anaerobic conditions, suggesting an oxygen-dependent quenching of the photoexcited cluster species. Further mechanistic analysis shows that the reaction proceeds via the intermediate formation of hydroxyl radicals which act as oxidant. Trapping experiments using ethanol as a hydroxyl radical scavenger show significantly decreased photocatalytic substrate oxidation in the presence of EtOH. Photocatalytic performance analyses using monochromatic visible light irradiation show that the quantum efficiency Φ for indigo photooxidation is strongly dependent on the irradiation wavelength, with higher quantum efficiencies being observed at shorter wavelengths (Φ395nmca. 15%). Recycling tests show that the compound can be employed as homogeneous photooxidation catalyst multiple times without loss of catalytic activity. High turnover numbers (TON ca. 1200) and turnover frequencies up to TOF ca.3.44 min−1are observed, illustrating the practical applicability of the cluster species.
Heronapyrrole D: A case of co-inspiration of natural product biosynthesis, total synthesis and biodiscovery
Authors: Schmidt Jens , Khalil Zeinab , Capon Robert J , Stark Christian B W
Published: May 2014

The heronapyrroles A–C have first been isolated from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. (CMB-0423) in 2010. Structurally, these natural products feature an unusual nitropyrrole system to which a partially oxidized farnesyl chain is attached. The varying degree of oxidation of the sesquiterpenyl subunit in heronapyrroles A–C provoked the hypothesis that there might exist other hitherto unidentified metabolites. On biosynthetic grounds a mono-tetrahydrofuran-diol named heronapyrrole D appeared a possible candidate. We here describe a short asymmetric synthesis of heronapyrrole D, its detection in cultivations of CMB-0423 and finally the evaluation of its antibacterial activity. We thus demonstrate that biosynthetic considerations and the joint effort of synthetic and natural product chemists can result in the identification of new members of a rare class of natural products.
New English Teaching Mode in Colleges
Authors: Song Yanmei
Published: May 2014

In recent years, increasing use of the Internet has changed English teaching methods. In this study, we constitute and propagate one new English teaching mode in colleges. It is three-dimensional which comprises online class, regular class and extracurricular activities. Its three prominent feathers include highlighting the studentsâ?? important position; highlighting English comprehensive application and autonomous learning ability and extending computer network autonomous learning. Furthermore, five general implementing processes are included. Through feedback questionnaire and average marks comparison, we found that this mode improved the efficiency of experiment classes. It is hoped that this new mode would be able to assist more teachers to improve their teaching efficiency and more English learners to improve their learning efficiency.
Building E-learning Content Repositories to Support Content Reusability
Authors: Marciniak Jacek
Published: May 2014

The paper presents the method and tools to build repositories of digitalized didactic materials to support their reusability. The method consists of a set of recommendations for the structuring of didactic materials and of a way to assign unambiguous didactic interpretation to sections of materials by means of UCTS. UCTS (i.e. Universal Curricular Taxonomy System) is a taxonomic system designed to situate learning content in the didactic process. Using this system to mark parts of materials ensures that users will access materials that are cohesive and relevant without the risk of downloading from the repository incomplete chunks of content. Such guarantee is indispensable in massive repositories, which are created and used by numerous users, and which contain non-uniform content. An important component of the presented method is dedicated software Content Repository Tool, which was designed to store and process didactic content with the ability to reuse it in different educational contexts. This software enables creation of single- or multi-topic repositories with the possibility to create distributed repositories.
Die pynervaring en die beraming daarvan by pasiënte met karsinoom
Authors: Van Wyk N. C.
Published: May 2014

A large percentage of patients with carcinoma experience so much pain that specific nursing interventions are imperative. Appropriate interventions are possible only if the nurse has a thorough understanding of the clinical picture and the causes of pain in patients with carcinoma. She should also be cognisant of the assessment possibilities regarding the identification of the nature and intensity of their pain.
Streshantering van die psigiatriese verpleegkundestudent: Deel II
Authors: Nieuwoudt S. M. , Greeff M. , Poggenpoel M.
Published: May 2014

Stress is caused by the demands of everyday life and is an integral part of our lives. The manner in which stress is coped with, remains the responsibility of the individual herself. To be in the nursing profession today, is highly demanding. The psychiatric nurse experiences more stressors, because she is involved in a specialised area, where she uses herself as a therapeutic instrument on a scientific basis. The psychiatric nursing student finds herself in a situation where she is confronted by stressors from her personal and professional environment, as well as stressors caused by her present training in psychiatric nursing. To ensure quality nursing and job satisfaction by the psychiatric nursing students, it is important that their stressors must be identified and that they must learn in good time ways how to effectively cope with it. The psychiatric nursing student must learn ways to cope with her own stressors and consequently she will be in a position to be assistance to her patients. Coping with stress unsuccessfully and not identifying a high stress load, can have disastrous consequences for both the psychiatric nursing student as well as for the specific organisation in which she is involved. The purpose of this research is to identify the precise stressors which influence the psychiatric nursing student during her training, as well as to establish guidelines to direct the psychiatric nursing student where coping with stress is concerned.
Student nurses’ perception of the clinical midwifery experience as a learning environment
Authors: Dürrheim R.
Published: May 2014

The student nurse may have a different perception of her learning environment from that which the instructor intended. The purpose of the study was to determine the perception of student nurses of clinical midwifery experience as a teaming milieu. Student nurses in their third and fourth year at a nursing college in Transvaal were involved in the research. A literature study regarding factors that can influence clinical learning of student nurses in the midwifery units was done. Questionaires were used to collect data regarding personal information, the learning environment, and problems regarding clinical skills. Data were analysed by means of a SAS computer programme.
Policy-making for real: Politics and progress in South African health care
Authors: Fourie A. , Van Rensburg H. C. J.
Published: May 2014

Problems have been accumulating in South African health care for well over three centuries yet when it comes to resolving the crisis by means of appropriate policy measures, one becomes aware of the powers at play and the interests at stake in maintaining the status quo, thus obstructing much initiative in the process of reform.
Critical evaluation of the newly qualified nurse’s competency to practise – Part 1
Authors: Troskie R.
Published: May 2014

The competence of the newly qualified nurse practitioner is questioned. Critical evaluation of the competency of the newly qualified nurse is performed by means of self evaluation as well as evaluation by the newly qualified nurse’s supervisor. This study shows the relationship between competency of the newly qualified nurse and placement, orientation and guidance. Data analysis indicated that there is no significant relationship between the competency of the newly qualified nurse and placement and orientation. The importance of adequate guidance to the newly qualified nurse was quite clear.
’n Profiel van die B.Cur-student 1988–1982 aan die Randse Afrikaanse Universiteit
Authors: Botes A. C. , Van Tonder A. H. D.
Published: May 2014

Effective selection procedures in career-orientated university courses like B.Cur. are of prime importance. In addition to studying full-time, these students are employed by the Health Services. Before an effective selection criterion can be identified, a profile of the typical students doing this course should be compiled.
The social support network for black psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Ngubane G. , Uys L. R.
Published: May 2014

A survey was carried out of almost 50% of Black inpatients in a state psychiatric hospital to evaluate the level of accessibility of the family network of the patients. Staff were interviewed on the problems they have with contacting families. The survey shows the extent of inadequate access and identifies reasons for the problem.