bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Diversity of M-star Astrospheres and the Role of Galactic Cosmic Rays Within
Authors: Herbst Konstantin , Scherer Klaus , Ferreira Stefan E. S. , Baalmann Lennart R. , Engelbrecht N. Eugene , Fichtner Horst , Kleimann Jens , Toit Strauss R. Du , Moeketsi Daniel M. , Mohamed Shazrene
Published: July 2020

With upcoming missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope, the European Extremely Large Telescope, and the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, we soon will be on the verge of detecting and characterizing Earth-like exoplanetary atmospheres for the first time. These planets are most likely to be found around smaller and cooler K- and M-type stars. However, recent observations showed that their radiation environment might be much harsher than that of the Sun. Thus, the exoplanets are most likely exposed to an enhanced stellar radiation environment, which could affect their habitability, for example, in the form of a hazardous flux of energetic particles. Knowing the stellar radiation field, and being able to model the radiation exposure on the surface of a planet, is crucial to assess its habitability. In this study, we present 3D magnetohydrodynamic-based model efforts investigating M-stars, focusing on V374 Peg, Proxima Centauri, and LHS 1140, chosen because of their diverse astrospheric quantities. We show that V374 Peg has a much larger astrosphere (ASP) than our Sun, while Proxima Centauri and LHS 1140 most likely have ASPs comparable to or even much smaller than the heliosphere, respectively. Based on a 1D transport model, for the first time, we provide numerical estimates of the modulation of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) within the three ASPs. We show that the impact of GCRs on the Earth-like exoplanets Proxima Centauri b and LHS 1140 b cannot be neglected in the context of exoplanetary habitability.
Magnetic-buoyancy-induced Mixing in AGB Stars: Presolar SiC Grains
Authors: Vescovi Diego , Cristallo Sergio , Busso Maurizio , Liu Nan
Published: July 2020

Isotope ratios can be measured in presolar SiC grains from ancient asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars at permil-level (0.1%) precision. Such precise grain data permit derivation of more stringent constraints and calibrations on mixing efficiency in AGB models than traditional spectroscopic observations. In this paper we compare SiC heavy-element isotope ratios to a new series of FRUITY models that include the effects of mixing triggered by magnetic fields. Based on 2D and 3D simulations available in the literature, we propose a new formulation, upon which the general features of mixing induced by magnetic fields can be derived. The efficiency of such a mixing, on the other hand, relies on physical quantities whose values are poorly constrained. We present here our calibration by comparing our model results with the heavy-element isotope data of presolar SiC grains from AGB stars. We demonstrate that the isotopic compositions of all measured elements (Ni, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ba) can be simultaneously fitted by adopting a single magnetic field configuration in our new FRUITY models.
Manifestation of Rossby Waves in the Global Magnetic Field of the Sun during Cycles 21–24
Authors: Bilenko Irina A.
Published: July 2020

The evolution of the solar global magnetic field (GMF) was investigated and compared with oscillations of different periods during cycles 21–24. The data from the Wilcox Solar Observatory were used. The results indicate that GMF structures were associated with certain oscillations. Oscillations of 81.83–163.65 days were associated with structures lasting 10–20 CRs. They occurred as some pulses during solar maxima. Oscillations of 163.652–463.680 days were associated with GMF structures lasting ≈20–50 CRs. They match two peaks in the magnetic-field cycle. Oscillations of 1.270–5.231 yr were formed during the dominance of the sectorial GMF structure. Oscillations of 5.231–13.451 yr were the most intense. From cycle 22 to 24, their intensity decreased, and the range of periods narrowed and shifted to longer periods, determining the corresponding changes in the oscillations of 81.83 days–5.231 yr and associated GMF structures. They match well the evolution of the zonal GMF structure. They are assumed to be a descending part of a period of ≈≥60 yr. A decrease in the magnetic field from cycle 22 to 24 may be due to a decrease in the intensity of these oscillations. Some periodicities of the revealed oscillations are in good agreement with the estimates of the periods for fast magnetic Rossby waves. The GMF structure connection with Rossby waves is discussed.
Pyramidal Aberrometry in Wavefront-Guided Myopic LASIK
Authors: Frings Andreas , Hassan Hala , Allan Bruce D.
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE:

To evaluate measurement repeatability and clinical results for pyramidal aberrometry in routine myopic wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

METHODS:

Results from 265 consecutive eyes treated with myopic wavefront-guided LASIK using the Amaris 1050RS Excimer Laser and Peramis pyramidal aberrometer (SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions GmbH) were reviewed. Limits of repeatability were calculated for the aberrometric refraction spherical equivalent and higher order aberrations for the Peramis aberrometer using results from three consecutive scans acquired preoperatively and postoperatively for the first 100 eyes treated.

RESULTS:

The 95% limits of repeatability for pyramidal aberrometric measurement were: 0.3 diopters (D) for sphere, 0.2 D for cylinder, and 0.1 D (dioptric equivalent) for 3rd and 4th order aberration indices. A total of 95% of eyes were within ±0.50 D of the manifest refraction spherical equivalent target postoperatively. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 96% of 232 eyes with a plano refraction target outcome. A total of 97% of eyes had a refraction cylinder of 0.50 D or less. No eyes lost two or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data demonstrate good measurement repeatability, safety, and efficacy for pyramidal aberrometry in routine myopic LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(7):442–448.]
Implications of Cognitive Theories for Optimizing Higher Education Learning
Authors: Ozcelik Erol
Published: July 2020

Cognitive theories have the potential to provide suggestions to design more effective learning environments for higher education. The goal of this chapter is to review cognitive theories and principles based on empirical findings and suggest implications for practice. Working memory theory, distributed cognition theory, dual-process theory, modulatory emotional consolidation theory, mental model theory, metacognitive theory, transfer appropriate processing principle, generation effect, testing effect, and spacing effect are presented in the current study. Based on these theoretical frameworks, novel recommendations for educational practice are suggested.
Learner-Centred Pedagogy Framing Authentic Identity and Positionality in Higher Education
Authors: Hayes Catherine , Corrie Ian
Published: July 2020

This chapter examines the interrelationship between the learner and their authentic identity in the context of learning. This necessitates the delineation of where personhood ends and learner identity begins and lends itself to a debate as to whether the two by virtue of their relationship are irrevocably enmeshed. Being able to explore perspectives in individual learning provides an insight into how learner-centred pedagogical approaches open the door to lifelong learning via the empowerment and intrinsic motivation of personhood. It is this personhood, or character, which, once harnessed, can drive cultural transformation, processes of critical reflexivity, and epistemic understanding of education as an embedded part of life and individuality, rather than a commodity simply to be acquired.
Using Universal Design for Learning to Optimize Flexibility in Assessment and Class Activities While Maximizing Alignment With Course Objectives
Authors: Fovet Frederic
Published: July 2020

Diverse learners are increasingly present in higher education (HE) and now represent a significant percentage of the student body. HE pedagogy has not always evolved rapidly enough to meet the expectations of non-traditional learners, and there is at present, at times, a distinct clash of culture. The new for pedagogical renewal is particularly felt in the area of classroom activities—with the traditional lecture increasingly under criticism—and assessment. Universal design for learning (UDL) is appearing increasingly promising in this landscape, but there remain doubts, for many faculty members, as to how one can inject more flexibility into classroom activities and assessment without affecting standards or learning objectives. This chapter will examine a phenomenological exploration of the ways UDL serves as a convenient framework for reflection on the transformation of classroom activities and assessment.
The High Stakes Use of Language Proficiency Tests as Illusio and Pyramid Scheme
Authors: Kamasak Rifat , Ozbilgin Mustafa , Esmen Ali Rıza
Published: July 2020

There is a growing trend in using high stakes standardised test scores to evaluate individuals' academic and professional language proficiency. Although these tests determine the fates of millions of students and job seekers across the world, several aspects of these tests such as their design, ethical implementation, procedural fairness, and validity and reliability are questioned by many linguists. This chapter aims to evaluate the mostly criticised social and technical aspects of high stakes language tests from a pyramid scheme perspective. In order to achieve this aim, a number of empirical studies from the extant literature are reviewed, and some comments are provided in the conclusion section.
How to Help Students Excel in Reviews of the Literature
Authors: Inoue-Smith Yukiko
Published: July 2020

Reviewing the literature helps students to build knowledge in their areas of study. An effective review must critically evaluate—not just summarize—the literature, which presents a significant challenge to students undertaking a literature review. This chapter describes a sequence of assignments for students in an education research methods course in a master's degree program as an example of an effective approach for teaching students how to write a good standalone literature review. This approach consists of four distinct yet interconnected phases: (1) establishing a topic together with developing a plan of action, (2) searching the literature using databases, (3) writing a review with APA style, and (4) reflecting on the review process. The purpose of a literature review is, in effect, to guide one's own research. Helping students complete their reviews in the phases described herein may increase the quality of their reviews, and, simultaneously, it may decrease their frustration in writing reviews for their research in the future.
Relaciones bilaterales Japón-Chile (1990-1997): contra la incertidumbre, la alianza estratégica
Authors: Toro Ibacache Lenissett
Published: July 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es entender y explicar los factores que impulsaron que una potencia económica como Japón propusiera una alianza estratégica a Chile en 1994. La hipótesis es que la estabilidad económica chilena de los noventas y la oportunidad japonesa de acceder a las economías del MERCOSUR impulsaron esta alianza. Sin embargo, la crisis económica del Este asiático de 1997, que promovió el reemplazo de Japón por China como mercado para la exportación latinoamericana en Asia, interfirió para que esta idea no se concretara en su diseño original. Para ello se construyó un patrón de jerarquización de visitas entre ambos países que evidenció la brecha entre la agenda de política exterior y los intereses del empresariado chileno.
Población flotante y ciudad desde una perspectiva socioespacial: revisión de estudios recientes
Authors: Gándara Woongg Carlos , Padilla Lozano Fernando , Gutiérrez Castorena Pablo
Published: July 2020

La población flotante como fenómeno social tiene un impacto directo en las ciudades por las que transitan. Al ser un hecho la creciente presencia de estos pobladores en las urbes contemporáneas, es necesario realizar un estudio que abarque el impacto de dicha población en la ciudad y en el desarrollo urbano de esta. Basado en el examen de cuarenta artículos, este trabajo presenta una revisión crítica e integradora de los documentos realizados sobre la población flotante en el período de 1990 a 2019. La revisión bibliográfica orienta el enfoque socioespacial al incluir a este segmento poblacional y su correlación con la ciudad en términos sociales y espaciales, entendiendo la ciudad como el espacio donde se desarrollan las interacciones sociales. Los resultados reflejan los hallazgos y limitantes de un problema con diferentes variantes, que cambian dependiendo del contexto local, regional y global, así como se entregan recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones.
Ferrites in Transfer-Molded Power SiPs: Challenges in Packaging
Authors: Thomas Tina , van Dijk Marius , Dreissigacker Marc , Hoffmann Stefan , Walter Hans , Becker Karl-Friedrich , Schneider-Ramelow Martin
Published: July 2020

Transfer-molding process is enjoying growing interest when aiming for novel high-power density system-in-packages (power SiPs), where not only transistors and diodes but also drivers, passives, coils, and transformers are supposed to be integrated in one package. Encapsulating modules in a transfer-molding process induces higher mechanical load onto module components compared with conventional silicone potting. Previous investigations have shown that integration of delicate components as ferrite cores into molded packages is not as trivial as integration of conventional surface-mount devices or power semiconductors; the brittle ferrites tend to fracture during the encapsulation process, resulting in higher ferrite core loss. The current study aims to identify main root causes for ferrite core cracking during manufacturing of molded power SiPs. The test vehicle is a symmetrical printed circuit board–based package with three pairs of E-shaped ferrite cores. The epoxy molding compound deployed here is characterized to enable filling simulations. Because technical datasheets of ferrites typically lack specifications of mechanical properties, ferrite materials are analyzed in more detail. Filling simulations and thermomechanical simulations are performed to gain insight into process-induced stress, which may induce cracks in the ferrites. In addition, different ferrite designs are evaluated regarding core losses and mechanical stability and, thus, their tendency to fracture.
Implementation of Blood and Blood Product Regulation Training Workshop, South Africa
Authors: Kafere C. , Tayou Tagny C. , Tapko J.B. , Mbunkah H.A. , Samukange W.T. , Mutoti K. , Mudyiwenyama L. , Sumaila A. , Reinhardt J.
Published: July 2020

The training workshop on Implementation of Blood and Blood Product Regulation was organised and co-hosted by the Paul-Ehrlich -Institut Global Health Protection Program BloodTrain and the Africa Society for Blood Transfusion (AfSBT) from the 20th to the 22nd of August 2019. This was aimed at strengthening the capacity of African countries in developing and implementing regulatory systems for blood. Over thirty participants from countries across the African continent came together in Johannesburg, South Africa and shared knowledge and experiences among themselves and also with experts from the BloodTrain, Africa Society for Blood Transfusion (AfSBT), World Health Organization (WHO) and the New Partnership for Africa`s Development (NEPAD). The workshop addressed a wide range of topics ranging from standards in transfusion, clinical practice, regulatory framework for blood, WHO guidelines related to blood regulation, haemovigilance and regulatory oversight of associated Medical Devices In-vitro Diagnostics. In addition to the context and motivation of the workshop, this report summarises the key content covered throughout the workshop and recommendations for further improvement.

French Title: Atelier de Formation sur la Mise en Oeuvre de la Réglementation du Sang et des Produits Sanguins, Afrique du Sud

Un atelier de formation portant sur la mise en oeuvre de la réglementation du sang et des produits sanguin s a été co-organisé par le programme de protection de la santé mondiale Paul-Ehrlich-Institut BloodTrain et la Société Africaine de Transfusion Sanguine (SATS) du 20 au 22 août 2019. Il visait à renforcer la capacité des pays africains à élaborer et à mettre en oeuvre des systèmes de réglementation pour le sang. Plus de trente participants de pays du continent africain se sont réunis à Johannesburg, en Afrique du Sud et ont partagé leurs connaissances et leurs expériences entre eux ainsi qu'avec des experts de BloodTrain, de la SATS, de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) et du Nouveau partenariat pour le développement de l'Afrique (NEPAD). L'atelier a abordé un large éventail de sujets, allant des normes de transfusion, de la pratique clinique, du cadre réglementaire pour le sang, des directives de l'OMS relatives à la régulation du sang, à l'hémovigilance et à la surveillance réglementai re des diagnostics in vitro des dispositifs médicaux associés. En plus du contexte et de la motivation de l'atelier, ce rapport résume le contenu clé couvert tout au long de l'atelier et des recommandations pour de nouvelles améliorations.
Synthesis, characterization and molecular docking studies of Co(II) metal complex of sulfathiazole
Authors: Edozie Otuokere Ifeanyi , Godday Ohwimu Joseph , Chijioke Amadi Kingsley , Uchenna Igwe Okenwa , Chigozie Nwadire Felix
Published: July 2020

Sulfathiazole (SFTZ) is a sulfonamide used for the treatment of bacterial infection. The cobalt complex of sulfathiazole was synthesized by reaction of sulfathiazole with CoCl2.6H2O. The metal complex was characterized based on AAS, UV, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The electronic spectrum of the ligand showed intra ligand charge transfer (ILCT) which were assigned to the chromophores present in the ligand, while that of the complex suggested intra ligand charge transfer (ILCT) and ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT). The IR spectra of the complexes showed the involvement of amine, sulfonyl and cyano group in coordination to the metal ion. This showed that sulfathiazole acted as a tridentate ligand. 1H NMR spectrum of [Co(SFTZ)] complex further showed the involvement of the amine and sulfonyl group in coordination to the metal ions. The structure of [Co(SFTZ)] complex was assigned as trigonal. The crystal structure of [Co(SFTZ)] complex belongs to cubic system, space group P1, with cell parameters of a = 4.007 Å, b = 5.0078 Å, c = 5.9844 Å, 𝑉 = 30.61 Å3, α = 90o, β  90o, γ = 90o. Molecular docking suggested that the ligand/complex binded effectively with the E. Coli and S. aureus because their global binding energies were negative. The binding interactions of ligand/complex with E. Coli and S. Aureus were predicted. Molecular docking predicted the feasibility of the biochemical reactions before experimental investigation.

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(1), 83-92.

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.8
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of False Yam (Icacina oliviformis) Extracts on Microbes
Authors: Seidu R. , Quainoo A. K. , Cobbina S. J. , Quansah L.
Published: July 2020

This study compares the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of Icacina oliviformis tuber and seed extracts on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aerugino­sa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. False yam tubers were washed and peeled and the mesocarp removed to obtain the seeds. Methanol was used to obtain tuber and seed extracts of the false yam, after they were pulverized. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids and glycosides in both extracts but the proportion of tannins and alkaloids were relatively higher in false yam seed extract than tuber extract. Antimicrobial assay showed that both extracts had antimicrobial activity justifying its use in the treatment of diseases in Northern Ghana. False yam seed extract had a relatively higher antimicrobial activity than tuber extract. The least minimum inhibition concentration recorded was 1.56 mg/ ml for false yam seed on Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. False yam seed extract exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms than the tuber extract, this provides a cheaper source of antimicrobial agent to treat infectious diseases.

Keywords: False yam tuber, False yam seed, Icacina oliviformis, Phytochemical screening, Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC), Microorganisms
Acute Hypoglycaemic Activities and Fatty Acid Profile of Seed Oil of Moringa oleifera Lam
Authors: Busari M. B. , Muhammad H. L. , Ogbadoyi E. O. , Badmos F. O.
Published: July 2020

The adverse effect of oral hypoglycaemic drugs necessitated the search for efficient and safer antidiabetic drugs from herbal formulation. As such, the fatty acids profile and acute antidia­betic activities of Moringa oleifera seed oil extract of petroleum ether (PEEMO) and Moringa oleifera seed oil extract of dichloromethane (DCMMO) were investigated. The 2.0 mL/kg body weight (kg.bw) of both oils, 500 μg/kg.bw of glibenclimide and 2.0 mL/kg.bw of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were given orally to rats in their respective groups after induction with 2 g/kg.bw of glucose solution orally. Unsaturated fatty acids contents were in high proportion in both oils when compared to saturated fatty acids content. Administration of glucose solution significantly elevated the blood glucose level to 24.71, 47.83, 44.05, 44.78 and 30.86% for normoglycaemic, control, glibenclimide, DCMMO and PEEMO respectively at 30 minutes from their respective basal blood glucose level. However, the blood glucose level of the glib­enclimide, PEEMO, DCMMO treated groups were significantly (p<0.05) reduced at 60 (24.57, 15.61 and 10.69%), 90 (43.87, 30.08 and 15.45%) and 120 (57.98, 19.82 and 41.33%) minutes respectively when compared with that of 30 minutes’ blood glucose levels. Therefore, Moringa oleifera seed oil extracts demonstrated acute hypoglycaemic effects in glucose fed rats.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera, glibenclimide, antidiabetic, diabetes, unsaturated fatty acids.
A Quality Control Scheme for a Commercial Pozzolana Plant: A Case Study of Pozzolana Ghana Ltd
Authors: Sarfo-Ansah J. , Boakye K. A. , Atiemo E. , Appiah R.
Published: July 2020

A Quality control scheme was developed for a 200 ton per day commercial pozzolana plant. The scheme was evaluated for the first 34 days of production. Statistical Process Control tech­niques were specifically applied to the mechanical properties of setting times and compressive strength. Results obtained showed that pozzolana samples tested were chemically suitable with total SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 content ≥ 70%. Mechanical tests performed were mostly under control and when out-of-control, they gave valuable indication to plant malfunction or operator errors which were promptly corrected. The results of mechanical properties tested against the three major brands of cement on the Ghanaian market showed that pozzolana gave highest compressive strengths with Dangote CEM I 42.5R ranging between 21.3 MPa - 36.3 MPa at 7 days and 33.8 MPa - 45.1 MPa at 28 days whilst lowest compressive strengths were obtained with Ghacem CEM II B-L 32.5R cement ranging between 16.3 MPa – 23.6 MPa at 7 days and 23.3 MPa – 30.7 MPa at 28 days. Compressive strengths obtained with Diamond CEM II B-L 42.5N cement were average. A mean compressive strength for all brands of ce­ment of 25.2 MPa and 33.6 MPa at 7 days and 28 days respectively were obtained.

Keywords: Pozzolana cement, statistical process control, Shewhart chart, compressive strength, setting time
Methotrexate-Induced Pancytopenia and Mucositis Caused by Medication Error
Authors: Amissah-Arthur Maame-Boatemaa , Baah Winifred
Published: July 2020

The use of methotrexate in routine clinical practice is becoming more common among specialties such as rheumatology, dermatology, oncology and obstetrics. General clinicians are increasingly encountering patients on this drug.Though it has a high safety profile, there is a recognised risk of acute toxicity or long-term complications associated with its use, which can be worsened by several factors such as advanced age, moderate to severe renal impairment, low folate level and/or inadequate folate supplementation, hypoalbuminaemia, polypharmacy causing drug-drug interactions and wrongful administration. We present a case of a 45-year old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who presented with acute pancytopaenia and mucositis due to methotrexate toxicity. We highlight its peculiar dosing regimen to minimise prescribing errors.

Keywords: Methotrexate, pancytopenia, mucositis, side-effects, medication error

Funding: None
A comparative evaluation of three methods for the rapid diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) among HIV-infected patients in Northern Malawi
Authors: Chisale Master
Published: July 2020

IntroductionCryptococcal meningitis (CM) is the most common systemic fungal infection in patients with HIV infection. Rapid diagnosis and timely initiation of antifungal therapy are key to reducing mortality rate associated with CM. This study aims to evaluate the ability of four different diagnostic tests (Gram stain, India ink, and two types of commercial lateral flow assay [LFA]) to identify CM-positive patients and to compare the sensitivity and specificity of these tests.MethodsThis was a prospective cross-sectional study on diagnostic tests accuracy conducted in Northern Malawi. The target population was HIV-infected adult patients presenting with features of meningitis. Four types of diagnostic tests were conducted: India ink, Gram stain, and two types of commercial lateral flow assay (LFA) (Immy, Inc., OK, USA and Dynamiker Biotechnology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd), Singapore). Culture was conducted as the reference standard.ResultsA total of 265 samples were collected. The rate of positive CM detection ranged from 6.4% (using India ink) to 14.3% (using LFA). India ink exhibited the lowest sensitivity of 54.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.0%–72.7%), followed by Gram stain (61.3%; 95% CI: 42.2%–78.2%). The Dynamiker LFA exhibited the highest sensitivity of 100.0% (95% CI: 90.0%–100.0%) but a lower specificity (97.0%; 93.9%–98.8%) compared to the Immy LFA (98.3%; 95% CI: 95.7%–99.5%). ConclusionLFA diagnostic methods have the potential to double the detection rate of CM-positive patients in resource-limited countries such as Malawi. As such, LFAs should be considered to become the main diagnostic tests used for CM diagnostics in these countries. Our data indicate that LFAs may be the best method for diagnosing CM and exhibits the highest diagnostic accuracy as it has shown that it outperforms cell culture, the current gold standard.
Non-communicable respiratory disease in Malawi: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nightingale Rebecca
Published: July 2020

BackgroundNon-communicable respiratory diseases are important contributors to morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan African countries such as Malawi. AimTo conduct a systematic review of the available literature relating to chronic respiratory disease in Malawi. MethodsWe conducted a systematic protocol-driven literature search of key scientific databases including Scopus and Medline. Papers were independently assessed for eligibility by two authors and included if they reported objective measures (including self-reported standard symptoms) of chronic respiratory disease and were conducted in Malawi. A meta-analysis of available estimates was then conducted. We re-analysed data from three of these studies in a secondary data analysis to allow for between-study comparisons. ResultsOur search identified 393 papers of which 17 (5 involving children and 12 involving adults) met the inclusion criteria. Wheeze was the symptom most frequently reported in children in the community (12.1%), hospital (11.2%) and HIV clinic (8.1%) settings. Cough was the symptom most frequently reported by adults in the community (3–18%). Spirometric abnormalities varied substantially between studies. For example, in adults, airflow obstruction varied between 2.3% and 20% and low forced vital capacity (FVC) varied between 2.7% and 52.8%. ConclusionWe identified a high burden of chronic respiratory symptoms and abnormal spirometry (particularly low FVC) within paediatric and adult populations in Malawi. The estimates for country-wide burden related to this disease were limited by the heterogeneity of the methods used to assess symptoms and spirometry. There is an urgent need to develop a better understanding of the determinants and natural history of non-communicable respiratory disease across the life-course in Malawi.
Öğrencilerin Başarısı ve Öğrenmesine Yönelik Öğretmen Görüşleri Ölçeği (ÖBÖY-ÖGÖ)
Authors: KIRKIÇ Kamil Arif , AYDIN Emin , YAHŞİ Ömer
Published: July 2020

Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile öğrencilerin başarısı ve öğrenmesine yönelik öğretmen görüşleri ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya öğretmenlik deneyimleri 1-40 yıl arasında değişen toplam 636 ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise öğretmeni katılmıştır. Çalışmanın deneme aşamasında 37; açıklayıcı faktör analizin ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi aşamalarında ise, sırasıyla, 285 ve 314 öğretmen ile çalışılmıştır. Uzman görüşü ile sağlanan kapsam geçerliliği sonrası yapılan faktör analizi sonucu 11 maddeli dört faktörlü AFA ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Ölçek için KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) değeri .719, Barlett’s Sphericity testi χ²=2032,565, p=.000 olarak belirlenmiştir. Dört faktörlü yapının 1. Faktörü ölçek varyansının %19,132; 2. Faktörü %16,805; 3. %15,767 ve 4. Faktörü de %15,452’sini açıklamaktadır. Ölçeğe ait dört faktörün ölçeğin varyansının %67,155’ini açıkladığı görülmektedir. Ölçekte bulunan 11 maddenin faktör ortak varyans değerlerinin ,467- ,908; madde faktör yüklerinin ise ,635-,941 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Ortaya çıkan modelin DFA sonucunda elde edilen uyum indekslerinin (X2/Sd =1,719, RMSEA= ,050, RMR=,058,GFI=,959, AGFI=,934, CFI=,950, IFI=,951) modelin doğrulanması için yeterli olduğu görülmektedir. Ölçek Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısının .76 olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde öğrencilerin başarısı ve öğrenmesine yönelik öğretmen görüşleri ölçeğinin güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçme aracı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılabilir.
O ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO EM SERVIÇO SOCIAL
Authors: Trindade Mably
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo precípuo analisar o estágio supervisionado, componente curricular obrigatório para a integralização da graduação em Serviço Social constituindo-se, assim, um dos grandes desafios do projeto de formação profissional. Como se sabe, tal etapa da formação, quando adequadamente realizada, propicia ao aluno o acesso ao ensino-aprendizagem da realidade social na qual se inserem os(as) assistentes sociais. Cumpre destacar que o estágio curricular obrigatório desenvolve-se em articulação com a política educacional, num contexto no qual a educação vem sendo tratada como mercadoria, a exemplo do crescimento de cursos aligeirados e à distância, com várias repercussões, dentre elas o aumento exponencial do número de estudantes em busca de estágio e que não conseguem ser absorvidos nos espaços sócio-ocupacionais disponíveis. A metodologia adotada para elaboração desse texto privilegiou essencialmente referências bibliográficas sobre o tema, utilizando-se, por conseguinte, autores(as) considerados fundamentais nessa discussão. Sobre os resultados da pesquisa, conclui-se que, lamentavelmente, o estágio curricular tem sido cada vez mais utilizado pelo capital como forma privilegiada de exploração de mão de obra e obtenção de lucros.
Grupos de WhatsApp de padres y sus efectos en la participación educativa: validación de un instrumento.
Authors: Coca Paula , Carpintero Elvira , Expósito Eva , López Esther , Thoilliez Bianca
Published: July 2020

La participación educativa de las familias es uno de los principales factores que inciden en la mejora del rendimiento académico. Con las nuevas tecnologías, la importancia creciente que el uso de herramientas de comunicación interactiva como WhatsApp está teniendo en la participación de las familias en la educación escolar exige la realización de estudios dirigidos a analizar empíricamente la misma, pues la participación tradicional está siendo desplazada por nuevas formas de interacción con importantes implicaciones en la dinámica escolar. El estudio muestra los resultados de la validación de un cuestionario dirigido a familias cuyo objetivo es recabar información acerca de dos dimensiones centrales relativas al uso y satisfacción con el WhatsApp en el entorno escolar. El instrumento definitivo, compuesto por 24 ítems, fue aplicado a una muestra de 200 padres y madres y, posteriormente, se llevó a cabo la validación mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE). Los resultados muestran valores elevados de fiabilidad, así como un ajuste de las dimensiones planteadas, validando el cuestionario para su aplicación definitiva.
Routing the Messages to Grid Channel Based Model in Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Singh Ranjit , Poonia Rakesh
Published: July 2020

Earlier the work has analyzed and implemented through IPV4 based traffic. The researchers have address the source IPv4 based routing in MRMC method. The router configures with a standard IPV4 based network extracts the source IPV4 address from the packet Header. This paper has been defined the network topology which was work on IPV6 protocol and it may also support IPV4 protocol. This paper implements the equalization that takes observation of channel state. The stations collect channel state information to their neighboring node, later on it was transfer to Gateway. The collected information was only possible through equalization method. In general, the equalization divided into two ways, per symbol and Sequence based which are according to receiver Theory. We are using sequence based theory under equalization that take data from maximum likelihood neighbors. We were used proposed Hybrid that take the existing method and combine with dynamic channel method. The proposed model avoids the multipath propagation problem and that problem only arise when we changes the channel from one wavelength to another wavelength. This paper showed proposed results that would be analysis the position of the packets in cluster head (CH). The router is taking as the cluster head which is being deployed on the number of nodes and these nodes randomly moves from one location to another. The MATLAB Simulator has been used in this research paper that helps to solve the complex mathematical equation. Network Simulator (NS2) has used to implement the Network Model.
Avian Ectoparasitism in Makurdi, Nigeria: Do Wild Birds Serve as Reservior for Domestic Birds?
Authors: Adelusi S M , Vajime C G , Omudu E A , Okpotu R O , Onazi F O
Published: July 2020

This study highlights the possible exchange of parasites between domestic and wild birds. Ectoparasites were collected from domestic birds in three residential areas (Wurukum, North Bank and Logo II) and from wild birds in the zoological garden and Mu forest from August – November 2013. A total of 500 domestic birds (chicken, ducks, turkeys, and pigeons) were randomly sampled from thirty (30) households while a total of 127 wild birds were sampled from the Zoological Garden and Mu Forest. The dust-ruffling method was used to pick ectoparasites from birds. A total of 394 (78.8%) of the 500 domestic birds were infested with 689 ectoparasites. Lice had the highest prevalence of 84.6%, while ticks, mites, and fleas had a prevalence of 3.3%, 7.7%, and 4.4 % respectively. For the wild birds, a total of 80 (63.0%) out of the 127 birds were infested with 674 ectoparasites. Lice also had the highest prevalence of 66.0%, while ticks, mites, and fleas had a prevalence of 4.2%, 13.1%, and 16.8% respectively. Out of the 17 ectoparasite species encountered, six (6) were found in both wild birds and domestic birds. Predominant species of ectoparasites infesting both domestic and wild birds are lice (Lipeurus caponis), mites (Dermanyssus gallinea) fleas (Echidnophaga species) and ticks (Argas persicus). Integration between ecology and veterinary medicine will allow a better understanding of population dynamics of ticks and other ectoparasites as they constantly co-infest avian populations. As long as the role of wild birds acting as reservoirs for the infestation of domestic birds is underestimated, efforts at preventing and controlling ectoparasites of domestic birds and poultry diseases may be a futile venture.
PROBLEMATIKA PENDIDIKAN DI ERA GLOBALISASI (Telaah dari Aspek Lingkungan)
Authors: Syarifudin Syarifudin
Published: July 2020

Untuk mencapai suatu tujuan pendidikan tidak bisa terlepas dari faktor-faktor yang saling berkaitan satu sama lain. Salah satunya adalah faktor lingkungan di mana lingkungan sendiri masih saling memberi pengaruh antara satu dengan lainnya. Lingkungan keluarga yang merupakan tempat pertama anak mendapat pendidikan diharapkan dapat membentuk aspek afektif (sikap metal dan moral). Lingkungan sekolah diharapkan dapat membentuk aspek kognitif (intelektual) dan lingkungan masyarakat diharapkan dapat membentuk aspek psikomotorik (skill/keterampilan) anak. Maka ketiga aspek tersebut ada dalam lingkungan pendidikan.

Penyelenggaraan pendidikan adalah menjadi tanggung jawab bersama antara keluarga, masyarakat dan pemerintah, karena itu pendidikan berlangsung seumur hidup (long life education) dan dilaksanakan di dalam lingkungan keluarga, sekolah dan masyarakat. Pendidikan kita terdiri atas tiga bagian. Pertama, pendidikan informal (keluarga), formal (sekolah) dan nonformal (masyarakat). Sasaran yang ingin dicapai dari pendidikan kita adalah pembentukan aspek kognitif (intelektual), afektif (sikap mental atau moral) dan psikomotorik (skill/keterampilan). Idealnya, pembentukan aspek kognitif menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawab para pendidik (guru) di sekolah, pembentukan aspek efektif menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawab orang tua dan pembentukan aspek psikomotorik menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawab masyarakat (lembaga-lembaga kursus, dan sejenisnya).

Kata Kunci: Problematika Pendidikan, Aspek Lingkungan
PROBLEMATIKA PENERAPAN KURIKULUM TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: M. Yusuf
Published: July 2020

KTSP sebenarnya sudah berhasil mengakomodasi tuntutan pendidikan abad ke-21 yang sangat menekankan pada kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif, kemampuan komunikasi dan sosial, kejujuran, tanggung jawab, dan kemampuan mengambil risiko (risk-taking skills). Permasalahan dalam dunia pendidikan tidak bisa terselesaikan dengan menggunakan pendekatan satu aspek saja. Misalnya dalam masalah kurikulum, problem yang muncul merupakan akibat dari sistem pendidikan yang salah, dan kesalahan dalam hal ini akan berdampak pada sistem secara keseluruhan. Sehingga menghasilkan lingkaran setan, yang jaring-jaringnya tidak akan terputus, sebelum adanya perombakan secara sistemik terhadap kebijakan di bidang pendidikan

Kata Kunci: Problematika, KTSP
PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI SEKOLAH DASAR/MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Wati Fahrina Yustiasari Liri
Published: July 2020

Pengembangan pendidikan karakter di Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah dapat diintegrasikan dalam pembelajaran pada setiap mata pelajaran. Materi pembelajaran yang berkaitan dengan norma atau nilai-nilai pada setiap mata pelajaran perlu dikembangkan, dieksplisitkan, dikaitkan dengan konteks kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan demikian pembelajaran nilai-nilai karakter tidak hanya pada tataran kognitif, tetapi menyentuh pada internalisasi dan pengamalan nyata dalam kehidupan peserta didik sehari-hari di masyarakat.

Pengembangan  Pendidikan karakter di Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah bertujuan untuk meningkatkan mutu penyelenggaraan dan hasil pendidikan di Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah yang mengarah pada pencapaian pembentukan karakter dan akhlak mulia peserta didik secara utuh, terpadu, dan seimbang, sesuai standar kompetensi lulusan.

Melalui pengembangan pendidikan karakter di Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah diharapkan peserta didik mampu secara mandiri meningkatkan dan menggunakan pengetahuannya, mengkaji dan menginternalisasi serta mempersonalisasi nilai-nilai karakter dan akhlak mulia sehingga terwujud dalam perilaku sehari-hari sejak dini. Melalui pengembangan ini diharapkan setiap lulusan memiliki keimanan dan ketaqwaan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, berkarakter mulia, kompetensi akademik yang utuh dan terpadu, sekaligus memiliki kepribadian yang baik sesuai norma-norma dan budaya Indonesia. Pada tataran yang lebih luas, pendidikan karakter nantinya diharapkan menjadi budaya sekolah.

Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Karakter, Madrasah, Ibtidaiyah
Penerapan Pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Pada Siswa Kelas III.B Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri Tembilahan Kecamatan Tembilahan
Authors: Yulita Erma
Published: July 2020

Untuk membuat pelajaran Matematika mudah dipahami, guru harus berupaya dalam mengajarkan pada siswa dengan cara yang menyenangkan dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa, sehingga siswa mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran matematika. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi hal tersebut yaitu dengan menerapkan pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education dalam pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 3 kali pertemuan yang dilakukan dengan 4 tahapan, yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini adalah guru mata pelajaran Matematika dan 20 orang siswa kelas III.B di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri Tembilahan Kecamatan Tembilahan Hulu. Dari hasil analisa data dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan realistic mathematics education dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Matematika pada siswa kelas III.B Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri Tembilahan Kecamatan Tembilahan Hulu, yaitu aktivitas guru pada siklus I adalah 26 (47,27%), pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan menjadi 42 (76,36%). Aktivitas siswa pada siklus I adalah 132,33 (60,81%), pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan menjadi 192,67 (87,57%). Ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I rata-rata 79,5 dan 12 orang siswa (60%) telah tuntas. Pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan menjadi 1679 dengan rata-rata 83,95 dan 20 orang siswa (100%) tuntas.
Resumiendo documentos sonoros radiofónicos: consideraciones, propuesta metodológica e implementaciones
Authors: Fernández-Abad Francisco-Javier
Published: July 2020

El artículo expone el estado de la cuestión de la documentación sonora y hablada de los servicios de información y documentación (SID) de los medios de comunicación radiofónicos. Se analiza la naturaleza de dicho material documental y se señala la utilización del resumen como una herramienta útil tanto para conocer el contenido de la grabación como para facilitar su difusión. El análisis muestra la ausencia de una normativa clara sobre cómo se deben redactarse los resúmenes sonoros, tanto en obras de referencia sobre documentación radiofónica, como en obras sobre el resumen documental, por lo que se elaborará una propuesta integral para la redacción de resúmenes para el dominio periodístico radiofónico. Dicha propuesta estará basada en el Paradigma de Lasswell y en la redacción en forma de pirámide invertida, además se otorgará gran importancia a los testimonios orales de las grabaciones.
Interactividad transmedia en la ficción televisiva. Análisis del capítulo piloto de 'Si fueras tú' (RTVE)
Authors: Hidalgo Marí Tatiana , Segarra-Saavedra Jesús
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo pretende aportar una visión analítica alrededor de la interactividad como estrategia de promoción de la ficción española tomando como muestra la serie Si fueras tú (RTVE, 2017), considerada la primera ficción interactiva española. Para ello, aplica una metodología mixta que combina la revisión bibliográfica con un análisis de las plataformas destinadas al fomento de la interactividad y sus modelos de aplicación. Los resultados evidencian la aportación de las redes sociales como canales de comunicación bidireccional y demuestran la capacidad interactiva y de fidelización de una estrategia transmedia en la promoción y difusión de contenidos de ficción.
La radio, la memoria y el digital
Authors: Bonini Tiziano , Borgnino Andrea , Donofrio Andrea
Published: July 2020

Esta contribución reflexiona sobre el estado del arte de los procesos de digitalización de los archivos de radio, examinando las diversas formas de digitalización de los archivos de radio existentes en Europa. Analizamos los modelos holandés, español y británico, los casos de los archivos informales y, por último, prestamos especial atención al caso italiano, en el que en 2010 la Rai inauguró una webradio dedicada a la restauración, digitalización y transmisión de material de sus archivos históricos. El caso de la Rai representa una iniciativa única en la escena europea y un modelo de apertura al público que también podría ser reproducido por otras empresas de servicio público.
Los recursos documentales en las radios universitarias españolas: uso y relaciones con la propiedad intelectual
Authors: Ortiz Sobrino Miguel Ángel , González Pérez Juan Carlos , Ayala del Pino Silvia
Published: July 2020

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación para determinar si las emisoras universitarias que pertenecen a la Asociación de Radios Universitarias Españolas (ARU) utilizan recursos sonoros y documentales sometidos a propiedad intelectual, depositados en internet o bien en sus archivos sonoros. Además, se trataba de conocer la relación con las sociedades de gestión de derechos de autor y la utilización de las excepciones que establece la normativa vigente en España, en relación al derecho de cita y otras excepciones para el uso de documentos públicos, como contenidos de su programación. Como técnica de investigación, se aplicó un cuestionario abierto que pudo ser cumplimentado online y telefónicamente. El trabajo de campo se realizó en octubre y noviembre de 2019. Los resultados revelan la importancia del uso del derecho de cita, la existencia de repositorio de programas de las emisoras universitarias en la web y, en líneas generales, la existencia de acuerdos con sociedades de gestión de derechos o en su defecto la utilización de documentos y recursos sonoros no sometidos a restricción de derechos de uso. En relación a la utilización de obras musicales, más del 52% de las emisoras analizadas declara que utiliza tanto música comercial como música en formato Creative Commons. Finalmente, se detecta que la distribución de sus contenidos de programación en plataformas de alojamiento y repositorios, así como su promoción en redes sociales y su reutilización para darles valor, es una práctica habitual en estas emisoras
Propostas de melhorias no processo de logística reversa: um caso do Solado PVC
Authors: Da Silva Carlos Eduardo , Schreiber Dusan , Theis Vanessa
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar e propor melhorias em relação às práticas de logística reversa relacionadas ao produto de solado em PVC comercializado pela BETA. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, com uso de entrevista semiestruturada e observação não participante. Cumpre destacar que, a empresa está buscando a redução de despesas e deseja reaproveitar ao máximo os resíduos do processo de produção, bem como devoluções de clientes. No entanto, na análise realizada constatou-se que muitos colaboradores que estão envolvidas no processo de logística reversa, não estão capacitadas para verificar a melhor oportunidade ou não possuem solução para aplicação deste procedimento, ou por falta de conhecimento ou falta de recursos oferecidos pela empresa. Contudo, os gestores da BETA buscam reforçar a logística reversa em seu atual modelo de gestão.