bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time cellular and molecular dynamics of bi-metallic self-therapeutic nanoparticle in cancer cells
Authors: Vishwakarma Sandeep Kumar , Bardia Avinash , Lakkireddy Chandrakala , Paspala Syed Ameer Basha , Habeeb Md. Aejaz , Khan Aleem Ahmed
Published: February 2018

Since last decades various kinds of nanoparticles have been functionalized to improve their biomedical applications. However, the biological effect of un-modified/non-functionalized bi-metallic magnetic nanoparticles remains under investigated. Herein we demonstrate a multifaceted non-functionalized bi-metallic inorganic Gd-SPIO nanoparticle which passes dual high MRI contrast and can kill the cancer cells through several mechanisms. The results of the present study demonstrate that Gd-SPIO nanoparticles have potential to induce cancer cell death by production of reactive oxygen species and apoptotic events. Furthermore, Gd-SPIO nanoparticles also enhance the expression levels of miRNA-199a and miRNA-181a-7p which results in decreased levels of cancer markers such as C-met, TGF-β and hURP. One very interesting finding of this study reveals side scatter-based real-time analysis of nanoparticle uptake in cancer cells using flow cytometry analysis. In conclusion, this study paves a way for future investigation of un-modified inorganic nanoparticles to purport enhanced therapeutic effect in combination with potential anti-tumor drugs/molecules in cancer cells.
Effect of cadmium incorporation on the properties of zinc oxide thin films
Authors: Bharath S. P. , Bangera Kasturi V. , Shivakumar G. K.
Published: February 2018

Cd
x
Zn1−x
O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) thin films are deposited on soda lime glass substrates using spray pyrolysis technique. To check the thermal stability, Cd
x
Zn1−x
O thin films are subjected to annealing. Both the as-deposited and annealed Cd
x
Zn1−x
O thin films are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) to check the structural, surface morphological and compositional properties, respectively. XRD analysis reveals that the both as-deposited and annealed Cd
x
Zn1−x
O thin films are (002) oriented with wurtzite structure. SEM studies confirm that as-deposited, as well as annealed Cd
x
Zn1−x
O thin films are free from pinholes and cracks. Compositional analysis shows the deficiency in Cd content after annealing. Optical properties evaluated from UV–Vis spectroscopy shows red shift in the band gap for Cd
x
Zn1−x
O thin films. Electrical property measured using two probe method shows a decrease in the resistance after Cd incorporation. The results indicate that cadmium can be successfully incorporated in zinc oxide thin films to achieve structural changes in the properties of films.
Specially designed B4C/SnO2 nanocomposite for photocatalysis: traditional ceramic with unique properties
Authors: Singh Paviter , Kaur Gurpreet , Singh Kulwinder , Singh Bikramjeet , Kaur Manpreet , Kaur Manjot , Krishnan Unni , Kumar Manjeet , Bala Rajni , Kumar Akshay
Published: February 2018

Boron carbide: A traditional ceramic material shows unique properties when explored in nano-range. Specially designed boron-based nanocomposite has been synthesized by reflux method. The addition of SnO2 in base matrix increases the defect states in boron carbide and shows unique catalytic properties. The calculated texture coefficient and Nelson–Riley factor show that the synthesized nanocomposite has large number of defect states. Also this composite is explored for the first time for catalysis degradation of industrial used dyes. The degradation analysis of industrial pollutants such as Novacron red Huntsman (NRH) and methylene blue (MB) dye reveals that the composite is an efficient catalyst. Degradation study shows that 1 g/L catalyst concentration of B4C/SnO2 degrades NRH and MB dye up to approximately 97.38 and 79.41%, respectively, in 20 min under sunlight irradiation. This water-insoluble catalyst can be recovered and reused.
The role of identity and psychosomatic symptoms as mediating the relationship between discrimination and risk behaviors among first and second generation immigrant adolescents
Authors: Walsh Sophie D. , Kolobov Tanya , Raiz Yair , Boniel‐Nissim Meyran , Tesler Riki , Harel‐Fisch Yossi
Published: February 2018

The study examines psychosomatic symptoms, and host and heritage identities as mediators of the relationship between discrimination and aggressive behavior and substance use. Israeli data from the 2013‐14 Health Behaviors of School‐aged Children study included a representative sample of 1503 first‐ and second‐generation immigrant adolescents aged 11–17 years (45.2% male) from the Former Soviet Union and Ethiopia in Israel. Structural equation modeling, controlling for age, gender, family affluence and immigrant generation, showed different pathways for the two groups. For FSU‐heritage adolescents, the relationship between discrimination and aggressive behavior and substance use was partially mediated by psychosomatic symptoms. Lower host and heritage identities also predicted psychosomatic symptoms. For Ethiopian‐heritage adolescents, the relationship between discrimination and outcomes was fully mediated by psychosomatic symptoms and a weaker host identity. Results support an externalizing model, whereby discrimination leads to a weaker host identity and increased psychosomatic symptoms, associated with substance use and aggressive behavior.
What Can the Brand Manager Expect from Facebook?
Authors: Sitta Desislava , Faulkner Margaret , Stern Philip
Published: February 2018

Managers cannot afford to ignore social media and have stepped up their involvement in the belief that social media activities extend the brand's reach and engagement with consumers. Facebook is the preeminent social medium with an ever increasing branded content. One hundred brands selected from the Interbrand “Best Global Brand Report” form the basis of this study to test research propositions about the ability of branded Facebook pages to expand and engage users. Data captured from branded Facebook pages was supplemented with socialbaker's data. No correlation is found between the size of a brand and the number of Facebook fans, and there is no consistent relationship with user engagement and brand size.

The authors discuss broadening reach, improving engagement, interaction and activity and the implications for social media strategies and make recommendations for managing Facebook presence. Paid advertising is required to increase brand reach to all potential category users.
Affectively salient signal to random noise might be used to identify psychosis vulnerability in severe mental disorders
Authors: Catalan Ana , Gonzalez de Artaza Maider , Fernández-Rivas Arantza , Angosto Virxinia , Aguirregomoscorta Fernando , Bustamante Sonia , Díaz Aida , Zamalloa Iker , Olazabal Nora , Bilbao Amaia , Maruottolo Claudio , Angel Gonzalez-Torres Miguel
Published: February 2018

Background

Subclinical psychotic symptoms are present in the general population. Furthermore, they are quite common in diagnostic categories beyond psychosis, such as BPD patients.

Methods

We want to assess the differences between 3 groups: BPD (n = 68), FEP (n = 83) and controls (n = 203) in an experimental paradigm measuring the presence of speech illusions in white noise. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was administered in the patient group, the Structured Interview for Schizotypy-Revised, and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences in the control and BPD group. The white noise task was also analysed within a signal detection theory (SDT) framework. Logistic regression analyses and the general linear models were used to analyse the adjusted differences between groups.

Results

Differences were more prevalent in signals that were perceived as affectively salient in patients groups (9.6% in FEP vs 5.9% in BPD and 1% in controls; OR: 10.7; 95%CI: 2.2–51.6, p = 0.003 in FEP; OR: 6.3; 95%CI: 1.1–35.0, p = 0.036 in BPD). Besides, we found a worse general performance and more false alarms in the task for FEP group using SDT framework.

Conclusions

Experimental paradigms indexing the tendency to detect affectively salient signals in noise may be used to identify liability to psychosis in people with vulnerability. Its predictable value in other diagnostic categories and general population requires further research.
Age adjusted hematopoietic stem cell transplant comorbidity index predicts survival in a T-cell depleted cohort ☆
Authors: Saeed Hayder , Yalamanchi Swati , Liu Meng , Meter Emily Van , Gul Zartash , Monohan Gregory , Howard Dianna , Hildebrandt Gerhard C. , Herzig Roger
Published: February 2018

Objectives:

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) continues to evolve with the treatment in higher risk patient population. This practice mandates stringent update and validation of risk stratification prior to undergoing such a complex and potentially fatal procedure. We examined the adoption of the new comorbidity index (HCT-CI/Age) proposed by the Seattle group after the addition of age variable and compared it to the pre-transplant assessment of mortality (PAM) that already incorporates age as part of its evaluation criteria.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of adult patients who underwent HCT at our institution from January 2010 through August 2014 was performed. Kaplan-Meier’s curve, log-rank tests, Cox model and Pearson correlation was used in the analysis.

Results:

Of the 114 patients that underwent allogeneic transplant in our institution, 75.4% were ≥40 years old. More than 58% had a DLCO ≤80%. Although scores were positively correlated (correlation coefficient 0.43, p < 0.001), HCT-CI/Age more accurately predicted 2-year overall survival (OS) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) in patients with lower (0–4) and higher (5–7) scores (52% and 36% versus 24% and 76%, p = 0.004, 0.003 respectively). PAM score did not reach statistical significance for difference in OS nor NRM between the low (<24) and high-risk (≥24) groups (p = 0.19 for both).

Conclusions:

Despite our small sample population, HCT-CI/Age was more discriminative to identify patients with poor outcome that might benefit from intensified management strategies or other therapeutic approaches rather than allogeneic HCT.
Características de padres e hijos con discapacidad que intervienen en la comunicación sobre sexualidad
Authors: Bárcena Gaona Susana Xóchitl , Guevara Benítez Yolanda , Álvarez Becerra Estefanía
Published: February 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer cómo intervienen las características sociodemográficas de padres e hijos con discapacidad en laforma en que se comunican y los temas de sexualidad que abordan. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de 172 padres, cuyos hijos eranjóvenes o adolescentes con alguna discapacidad (intelectual, auditiva, visual, motriz o múltiple). El 81.3% de los participantes fueron mujeres y suedad promedio fue de 45 a˜nos (DE = 8). Se les aplicó un instrumento de autoinforme para recabar datos sociodemográficos de ellos (sexo, edad,estado civil, ocupación, religión, ingreso mensual y número de hijos) y de sus hijos (sexo, edad, escolaridad, tipo de discapacidad, origen de ladiscapacidad y habilidades conductuales desarrolladas), así como de la forma en que se comunican y los temas de sexualidad que abordan. Losresultados indican que los padres conversan sobre un mayor número de temas de sexualidad cuando se comunican de forma verbal o mediante LSM(F = 9.52, p = 0.000) y cuando tienen solo un hijo (F = 3.555, p < 0.05). Las características de los jóvenes que intervinieron sobre la comunicaciónfueron: nivel de estudios (F = 3.547, p < 0.05), habilidades conductuales desarrolladas (F = 9.558, p < 0.00), tipo de discapacidad (F = 3.509, p < 0.05)y origen de la misma (t = –2.722, p < 0.05).© 2018 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Asociación Mexicana de Comportamiento y Salud. Este es un artículo Open Access bajo lalicencia CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Pseudomyxoma peritonei originating from appendix tumors
Authors: Marques Tatiana Maria Fernandes Moreira , Barbosa Laura Elisabete Ribeiro
Published: February 2018

Background Appendix tumors represent about 1% of all gastrointestinal neoplasia, in other words they are quite rare. However, there is a specific type of appendiceal neoplasms (mucinous adenocarcinoma) that spreads to the peritoneum and in almost 20% of the cases, resulting in a disease called pseudomyxoma peritonei. Although, it is a very rare condition, it is nonetheless a very severe one and therefore it is crucial to know how to correctly diagnose and treat it.

Objective This study provides updated data on how to diagnose, classify and treat pseudomyxoma peritonei that originates from appendix tumors.

Methods A bibliographic research was performed on PubMed database, including articles published since 2000, as well as, cross-referencing with the initial research.

Discussion In the past, patients diagnosed with pseudomyxoma peritonei would only undergo palliative measures, so their overall survival rate was greatly reduced. Over the years pseudomyxoma peritonei treatment has evolved and patients are now undergoing treatment which is a combination of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. This new therapy has allowed an increase of survival chances of up to 5 years in those patients with values between 53% and 88%, depending on the type of tumor.

Conclusion Despite the great progress we have witnessed in recent years, which have led to a large increase in survival rates, more research needs to be done, on what to do when the disease is in an unresectable stage. Finding a less aggressive therapy than cytoreductive surgery + hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy will be an important step forward.
Intestinal preparations for colonoscopy. Comparative study: mannitol, picosulphate and macrogol
Authors: Quaresma Abel Botelho , Briancini Gicele , Chiesa Talita , Monteiro Sergio de Oliveira , Mergener Rafael André
Published: February 2018

Bowel preparation is mandatory prior to elective colonoscopy and their effectiveness is closely related to the quality of the examination. There are many preparations on the market and there is no consensus on which is best. This study aimed to compare three solutions for colon preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy. We conducted a prospective study with 61 patients divided randomly into three groups: one that received a standard dose of macrogol, another received a standard dose of 10% mannitol and another received a standard dose of sodium picosulphate. Patients and examining endoscopists responded to questionnaires for compiling data. In the results we noticed that 10% mannitol, despite being less tolerated by the patient when compared to sodium picosulphate, presents better results in colonic cleaning, being therefore superior in this regard. Macrogol was considered as an intermediate in relation to the other two preparations. As for tolerability, preference is given to sodium picosulphate as best tolerated, followed by mannitol and by macrogol, which is poorly tolerated by the patient. We conclude that as the main objective of bowel preparation in colonoscopy is the quality of colonic cleaning, 10% mannitol was superior to the other preparations studied.
Interrelation between functional constipation and domestic violence
Authors: Coronel Ana Lucia Couto , Silva Helena Terezinha Hubert
Published: February 2018

Introduction Functional disorders of the digestive system are often related to various forms of abuse and the integral approach of the problem requires a multidisciplinary network. The objectives of this research were: to evaluate the prevalence of domestic violence in adults with functional constipation and to identify the services and standards available to care for the victims.

Methodology The study was developed in two complementary parts. Part I: A cross-sectional study, which evaluated the prevalence of domestic violence in patients attended in the coloproctology outpatient clinic of the Hospital Materno-infantil Presidente Vargas, from September to December 2016. Part II: A narrative review, with bibliographical and documentary research that sought to identify the services and norms available in Brazil to assist victims of domestic violence.

Results 146 women were evaluated, 42 of whom had FC and, of these, 26 had a history of domestic violence (p = 0.007), with an Odds Ratio of 2.71 (CI95% O: 1.29–5.67). A network of services has been identified to assist victims of violence, the Network of Attention to Violence, formed by the health services, social assistance, public security, justice, human rights, and organized civil society. However, a standard system for the operation of this network has not been identified.

Conclusion The prevalence of domestic violence in women with functional constipation is high and a careful investigation of this possible interrelationship in clinical practice is suggested. Besides that, it is necessary to promote an integration of the Network of Attention to Violence, in order to offer integral care to the victims and a best utilization of the resources.
Lessons from the first 70 patients operated by doppler-guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation with mucopexy in a French team specialising in surgical proctology
Authors: Boukris Toledano Alexia , Blanchard Pierre , Zaleski Annick , Benfredj Paul , Fathallah Nadia , Sultan Samy , Pommaret Elise , de Parades Vincent
Published: February 2018

Background Doppler-guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation with mucopexy is a minimal-invasive surgical technique. It is both effective and less painful than conventional haemorrhoidectomy.

Methods We gathered records on all patients operated on between November 2012 and June 2014. Pre- and postoperative scores were calculated during consultation and then by phone. Unsuccessful surgical treatment was defined by persistent haemorrhoid symptoms within three months following the procedure and relapse defined by recurrent symptoms after the third postoperative month.

Results During the period analysed, 70 patients underwent consecutive surgical procedures for haemorrhoid prolapse (52%), bleeding (29%), or both (17%). Hospitalisation was outpatient or overnight for 87% of patients. There were no complications in 92.7% of cases. The average period away from work was 11 days (± 6.5). The time between the procedure and last postoperative consultation, followed by telephone contact, was respectively 2.7 months (± 5.8) and 16.5 months (± 4.9). At the time of the postoperative telephone call, the Thaha et al. score decreased by 5.6 (p < 0.001), while the quality of life score decreased by 2 (p < 0.001). The Wexner score remained the same or improved for all patients except one. Treatment was unsuccessful for 6/67 patients (9%) and 10/61 patients (16.4%) experienced a subsequent recurrence in haemorrhoid symptoms. Only those over 51 years old were statistically associated with more frequent recurrences (p = 0.044).

Conclusion Doppler-guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation with mucopexy is an effective technique in the medium-term. Good tolerance in makes this treatment an attractive alternative to conventional haemorrhoidectomy.
Newly Diagnosed Bipolar Disorder and the Subsequent Risk of Erectile Dysfunction: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Hou Po-Hsun , Mao Frank Chiahung , Chang Geng-Ruei , Huang Min-Wei , Wang Yao-Ting , Huang Shiau-Shian
Published: February 2018

Background

Although erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common problem in men with mental disorders, there are few reports in the literature on the relation between bipolar disorder (BD) and ED.

Aims

To establish the incidence rate of ED in men with BD and assess the risk of ED in patients with BD according to type of treatment offered or no active treatment with medication during the 1st year of onset.

Methods

We identified 5,150 men with newly diagnosed BD using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. 2 matched controls per case were selected using the propensity score and a greedy matching method to obtain a balanced control group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to examine the independent risk factors for ED, including obesity and comorbidities. Hazard ratios (HRs) for ED risk were calculated for the different psychotropic therapy groups, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers.

Outcome

HRs for ED risk were calculated for the different psychotropic therapy groups, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers. Patients with BD had a significantly higher HR for an ED diagnosis than controls.

Results

Patients with BD had a higher HR for an ED diagnosis than controls. Although some psychotropic medications can increase the risk of ED, patients with BD not actively treated with medication still showed a higher risk of ED than controls.

Clinical Implications

Because ED might be more prevalent in patients with BD than in the general population, clinicians should assess erectile function when selecting appropriate treatment for patients with BD to minimize the risk of ED as an annoying side effect and improve treatment compliance.

Strengths and Limitations

This is the first large-scale population-based study to explore the association between BD and ED. A particular strength of this study is its nationwide, population-based study design, which afforded substantial statistical power for detecting subtle differences between the 2 cohorts, thereby minimizing selection bias. There are some limitations to the present study. (i) Data on other potential risk factors is lacking. (ii) Patient compliance and dose effect between psychotropic medication and ED could not be established. (iii) We could not assess the relation between ED and the severity and phases of BD.

Conclusion

This cohort study found a temporal association between BD and subsequent ED in a large national sample of men. Clinicians should consider the risk of ED when choosing treatment for patients with BD.
Exercise Prescription Using a Group‐Normalized Rating of Perceived Exertion in Adolescents and Adults With Spina Bifida
Authors: Crytzer Theresa M. , Keramati Mariam , Anthony Steven J. , Cheng Yu‐Ting , Robertson Robert J. , Dicianno Brad E.
Published: February 2018

Background

People with spina bifida (SB) face personal and environmental barriers to exercise that contribute to physical inactivity, obesity, risk of cardiovascular disease, and poor aerobic fitness. The WHEEL rating of perceived exertion (RPE) Scale was validated in people with SB to monitor exercise intensity. However, the psycho‐physiological link between RPE and ventilatory breakpoint (Vpt), the group‐normalized perceptual response, has not been determined and would provide a starting point for aerobic exercise in this cohort.

Objectives

The primary objectives were to determine the group‐normalized RPE equivalent to Vpt based on WHEEL and Borg Scale ratings and to develop a regression model to predict Borg Scale (conditional metric) from WHEEL Scale (criterion metric). The secondary objective was to create a table of interchangeable values between WHEEL and Borg Scale RPE for people with SB performing a load incremental stress test.

Design

Cross‐sectional observational.

Setting

University laboratory.

Participants

Twenty‐nine participants with SB.

Methods

Participants completed a load incremented arm ergometer exercise stress test. WHEEL and Borg Scale ratings were recorded the last 15 seconds of each 1‐minute test phase.

Outcome Measures

WHEEL and Borg Scale ratings, metabolic measures (eg, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production). Determined Vpt via plots of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production against time.

Results

Nineteen of 29 participants achieved Vpt (Group A). The mean ± standard deviation peak oxygen consumption at Vpt for Group A was 61.76 ± 16.26. The WHEEL and Borg Scale RPE at Vpt were 5.74 ± 2.58 (range 0‐10) and 13.95 ± 3.50 (range 6‐19), respectively. A significant linear regression model was developed (Borg Scale rating = 1.22 × WHEEL Scale rating + 7.14) and used to create a WHEEL‐to‐Borg Scale RPE conversion table.

Conclusion

A significant linear regression model and table of interchangeable values was developed for participants with SB. The group‐normalized RPE (WHEEL, 5.74; Borg, 13.95) can be used to prescribe and self‐regulate arm ergometer exercise intensity approximating the Vpt.

Level of Evidence

III
Osteoblastoma cervical: relato de caso
Authors: Oliveira Carolina , Vital Luísa , Serdoura Francisco , Pinho André , Veludo Vitorino
Published: February 2018

Osteoblastoma é um tumor primário benigno raro. Constitui cerca de 3% dos tumores benignos e 1% de todos os tumores ósseos. O objetivo do tratamento é a ressecção completa, que limita o risco de recidiva. Por se tratar de um tumor vascularizado, a ressecção completa é, muitas vezes, difícil. Os autores descrevem um caso clínico de um paciente do sexo masculino de 19 anos que apresentava queixas de cervicalgia direita com irradiação para o ombro. O exame por tomografia computadorizada indicou uma lesão em C7 compatível com osteoblastoma. O paciente foi submetido a resseção cirúrgica após embolização pré-operatória e artrodese anterior. Aos 3 anos de seguimento, o paciente encontra-se assintomático e, até a data, sem evidência de recidiva.
Yoghurt producer relies on MBR to treat wastewater and expand operations
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: February 2018

This brief case study shows how membrane bioreactor technology from ADI Systems, part of Evoqua Water Technologies Llc, has helped a yoghurt producer deal with the wastewater it generates in an environmentally-responsible way. In addition, it also enables the company to easily expand its operations.
Asynchronous switching control of discrete impulsive switched delay systems with average dwell time
Authors: Jiang Zhiyong , Yan Peng
Published: February 2018

This study investigates an asynchronous switching state feedback control problem for discrete impulsive switched delay systems with average dwell time. A novel time‐varying multi‐Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional approach is adopted to establish the control synthesis conditions that guarantee the exponential stability of the closed‐loop systems. The relation between the upper bound of asynchronous switching delay and the stability conditions is also explicitly given, and the overall conservativeness of the stability results is improved over the existing results. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results, where the comparison with the existing results demonstrates significant improvement using the proposed method.
Deep probabilistic human pose estimation
Authors: Petrov Ilia , Shakhuro Vlad , Konushin Anton
Published: February 2018

The authors consider the problem of human pose estimation using probabilistic convolutional neural networks. They explore ways to improve human pose estimation accuracy on standard pose estimation benchmarks MPII human pose and Leeds Sports Pose (LSP) datasets using frameworks for probabilistic deep learning. Such frameworks transform deterministic neural network into a probabilistic one and allow sampling of independent and equiprobable hypotheses (different outputs) for a given input. Overlapping body parts and body joints hidden under clothes or other obstacles make the problem of human pose estimation ambiguous. In this context to get accurate estimation of joints’ position they use uncertainty in network's predictions, which is represented by variance of hypotheses, provided by a probabilistic convolutional neural network, and confidence is characterised by mean of them. Their work is based on current CNN cascades for pose estimation. They propose and evaluate three probabilistic convolutional neural networks built on top of deterministic ones with two probabilistic deep learning frameworks – DISCO networks and Bayesian SegNet. The authors evaluate their models on standard pose estimation benchmarks and show that proposed probabilistic models outperform base deterministic ones.
Analytical approach to modelling the interaction between power distribution systems and high impedance faults
Authors: Guardado Jose Leonardo , Torres Vicente , Maximov Serguei , Melgoza Enrique
Published: February 2018

High impedance faults (HIFs) and the associated electric arc is a topic of public safety and concern because fault currents are generally too small to be detected in a reliable way by conventional over‐current relays. This study proposes an analytical model for analysing HIFs in power distribution systems. The proposed analytical model considers the complex interaction between a time‐varying fault impedance, the power distribution line and an equivalent source impedance at the substation bus. Hence, this approach requires the joint solution of a partial differential equation and a single non‐linear equation. The proposed methodology calculates the transient conductance, voltage and current at the substation bus, considering several contact surfaces and short circuit levels. The analytical model was validated by means of comparisons with measurements in a real distribution system, results published by other authors and computer simulations in electromagnetic transient programs. The obtained results show good agreement between the analytical model, measurements and computer simulations. A sensitivity analysis of the interaction of all the parameters associated to HIFs is also presented.
Observer‐based resilient finite‐time control of blood gases model during extra‐corporeal circulation
Authors: Sakthivel Rathinasamy , Joby Maya , Kwon Ohmin
Published: February 2018

This study aims at designing an observer‐based resilient controller to regulate the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood of patients during the extra‐corporeal blood circulation process. More precisely, in this study, a suitable observer‐based resilient controller is constructed to regulate the levels of patient blood gases in a finite interval of time. The finite‐time boundedness with the prescribed performance index of the considered blood gases control system against modelling uncertainty and external disturbances is ensured by using Lyapunov stability analysis. Moreover, a set of sufficient conditions for obtaining the controller gain is developed in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed robust finite‐time control scheme is verified through simulation results. The result reveals that the blood gases are maintained in their physiological ranges during a stable extra‐corporeal circulation process via the proposed observer‐based resilient controller.
Leader‐following consensus of general fractional‐order linear multi‐agent systems via event‐triggered control
Authors: Shi Min , Yu Yajuan , Teng Xinghu
Published: February 2018

The leader‐following consensus problem of the general fractional‐order linear multi‐agent systems via event‐triggered control is considered. An effective event‐trigger controller is designed, and then the leader‐following consensus problem of the controlled multi‐agent systems is studied by using the Lyapunov theory of fractional‐order systems and linear matrix inequality method. The consensus condition and the convergence rate of the system are obtained based on the Mittag–Leffler stability of fractional‐order systems. Simulation indicates the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Hardware‐in‐the‐loop real‐time platform for more electric aircraft
Authors: Wang Meiqi , Xu Lie , Wang Kui , Zheng Zedong , Li Yongdong , Grada Chris , Zhang He
Published: February 2018

Real‐time test platform based on hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) simulation technology, troubleshooting for real‐time problems such as interrupt latency and interface communication before physical testing, can effectively improve the traditional development process, shorten the research and development cycle, and reduce the cost and risk of test. Based on the technologies of virtual instrument, mathematical modelling, and HIL simulation, a real‐time simulation framework combining the discrete‐time converter system and the continuous‐time motor system is proposed. Combined MATLAB/Simulink, dSPACE, and real‐time hardware, an HIL real‐time test platform is designed for the prototype and proper testing of the electrical control unit of more electric aircraft. The results and design principles of a three‐stage brushless synchronous starter/generator system emulation using HIL simulation are presented.
Low‐cost post power switch open‐circuit fault operation approach for an IPMSM drive
Authors: Li Wei , Xuan Shenxiexian , Gao Qiang , Cai Xu
Published: February 2018

This study proposes an approach for the fault‐tolerant control of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive when a power switch open‐circuit fault occurs without addition of any extra hardware or reconfiguration to the inverter. With this approach, the IPMSM's operation effectively alternates between the three‐phase mode and the two‐phase mode. Thus, the electric power is evenly distributed between three‐phase windings as much as possible, and the remaining healthy power devices are all utilised. The post‐fault drive performance is analysed. A simulation model has been built to verify the proposed principle. Finally, the approach has been implemented on an IPMSM test rig. Both the simulation and experimental results confirm the feasibility of the method.
Circulating current minimisation of paralleled 400 Hz three‐phase four‐leg inverter based on third harmonics injection
Authors: Chen Yihan , Guo Honghao , Ma HaiXiao , Zhou Yan
Published: February 2018

In this study, according to zero‐sequence current modelling of fourth leg, the control strategy for suppressing circulating current is proposed. Meanwhile, a control method based on average current loops and third harmonic injection loop has been applied in the parallel 3p4l inverter system, consequently, the peak value of circulating current is improved by third harmonic signals. In order to suppress circulating current and minimise the number of interconnecting wires between inverters, output impedance modelling is established, and feed‐forward loop of zero‐sequence circulating current is added upon current loop accordingly. The proposed control method could be implemented by using analogue design and related to 400 Hz paralleled inverter systems. Both simulation and experimental results indeed show the effectiveness of the proposed control.
Rotor position on‐line estimation of aircraft brushless synchronous motor based on multi‐stage‐structure characteristics
Authors: Meng Tao , Liu Weiguo , Jiao Ningfei , Peng Jichang , Zhu Yujie
Published: February 2018

This study presents a novel on‐line rotor position estimation method of an aviation brushless synchronous motor in the low‐speed region using high‐frequency voltage signal injection. Square wave voltage signals are imposed on the stator windings of the main generator, and the response current signals extracted on the stator windings of the main exciter are used to estimate position information. The mutual inductance characteristics between stator windings and filed winding of the main generator are utilised. The proposed method eliminates the dependency on the magnetic saliency. Experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Research on DC/DC phase‐shifted full‐bridge converter system identification
Authors: Zhang Guangming
Published: February 2018

As a power electronic converter, DC/DC converter plays a pivotal role in power electronic system. By measuring G ‐parameter frequency data, people can extract information to identify the converter, building two‐port ‘black‐box’ model, thereby improving system‐level simulation and analysis. Paper takes the 270–28 V DC/DC phase‐shifted full‐bridge converter of multi‐electric aircraft distributed power supply system as study object, implements hardware design of the converter with high performance of loop and respond, and verificating the design by Saber simulation. Paper analysis ways of measuring converter's frequency response, considering injection strength of disturbance signal and interaction of subsystem, paper gives advices that experimenter should add input filter and use constant current source load. Base on Levy method, paper calculates corresponding G ‐parameter transfer function of converter by Matlab, builds ‘black‐box’ model, then verifies the result by Matlab time domain simulation. Paper's research results will have great impact on the integration and optimisation of power electronic systems.
Control strategy for dual three‐phase PMSM based on reduced order mathematical model under fault condition due to open phases
Authors: Changpan Zhou , Wei Tang , Xiang dong Sun , Zhaoji Zhou , Guijie Yang , Jianyong Su
Published: February 2018

The high fault‐tolerance ability is one important application characteristic of multiphase motors. At present, researches on fault‐tolerant control of multiphase motors are focused on open‐phase faults. When an open‐phase fault occurs for the dual three‐phase machine, the α –β subspace and z 1–z 2 subspace currents are no longer decoupled, so the mathematical model with open phases should be set up. In this study, the mathematical model of the dual three‐phase permanent‐magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with one open phase is set up by the vector space decomposition modelling method, and two optimal current control modes of minimum stator loss and maximum torque output are achieved by vector control strategy. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategy.
High-Pressure Au-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Internal 1,6- and 1,7-Enynes
Authors: Chaładaj Wojciech , Kocój Małgorzata , Jarosińska Elżbieta
Published: February 2018

The influence of high pressure (in the kbar region) on the outcome of the Au(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,6- and 1,7-enynes is presented. The positive effect of pressure is particularly marked for reactions involving sterically biased substrates (e.g. 1,6-enynes bearing atert-butyl substituent at the alkyne moiety) and the challenging cyclization of internal 1,7-enynes.
Hepcidin, an Iron Regulatory Hormone of Innate Immunity, is Differentially Expressed in Premature Fetuses with Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Tabbah Sammy , Buhimschi Catalin , Rodewald-Millen Katherine , Pierson Christopher , Bhandari Vineet , Samuels Philip , Buhimschi Irina
Published: February 2018

Objective Hepcidin, a mediator of innate immunity, binds the iron exporter ferroportin, leading to functional hypoferremia through intracellular iron sequestration. We explored hepcidin–ferroportin interactions in neonates clinically diagnosed with early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS).

Study Design Hepcidin and interleukin (IL)-6 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 92 paired cord blood–maternal blood samples in the following groups: “Yes” EONS (n = 41, gestational age [GA] 29 ± 1 weeks) and “No” EONS (n = 51, GA 26 ± 1 weeks). Placental hepcidin and ferroportin expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Liver hepcidin and ferroportin expression patterns were ascertained in autopsy specimens of neonates (n = 8) who died secondary to culture-proven sepsis.

Results Cord blood hepcidin was significantly elevated (GA corrected, p = 0.018) and was positively correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.379, p = 0.001) in EONS. Hepcidin localized at syncytiotrophoblast and fetal vascular endothelium. Placental ferroportin, but not hepcidin mRNA correlated with cord blood hepcidin levels (r = 0.46, p = 0.039) and funisitis severity (r = 0.50, p = 0.018). Newborns who died from sepsis (n = 4) had higher hepatic hepcidin and iron sequestration, but lower ferroportin staining than those who died of nonsepsis causes (n = 4).

Conclusion Premature fetuses with EONS have elevated circulating hepcidin, likely related to lower placenta and liver ferroportin expression. Fetal hepcidin–ferroportin interaction appears to play a role in EONS pathophysiology independent of maternal response to intrauterine inflammation.
Symptomatic Relief is Related to Serum Free Triiodothyronine Concentrations during Follow-up in Levothyroxine-Treated Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Larisch Rolf , Midgley John , Dietrich Johannes , Hoermann Rudolf
Published: February 2018

Aim Patients on levothyroxine-treatment frequently have complaints although TSH is within the reference range. Moreover, FT3 is often low in these patients. The clinical significance of this disequilibrium is studied here.

Patients, methods We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study including 319 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma on LT4-medication (1.8 [1.6,2.1] µg/kg body weight). Patients were followed at 2309 visits for at median 63 [46,81] months. Association of reported complaints during follow-up with changes in thyroid parameters were analysed using a generalised linear mixed model accounting for within-variability and intra-subject correlations.

Results 26% of patients expressed hypothyroid and 9.7% hyperthyroid complaints at any one visit, rates per visit being 6.5% and 2%, respectively. During follow-up, median changes in spans were as follows, LT4-dose 0.49 [IQR 0.29,0.72] µg/kg, FT3 1.77 [1.25,2.32] pmol/l, FT4 9.80 [6.70,12.8] pmol/l and TSH 1.25 [0.42,2.36] mIU/l. While rates of both hypothyroid or hyperthyroid symptoms were significantly related to all three thyroid parameters, the relationship of hypothyroid symptoms with FT3 extended to a below reference TSH range. Hypothyroid symptom relief was associated with both a T4 dose giving TSH-suppression below the lower reference limit and FT3 elevated further into the upper half of its reference range. In multivariable analysis, relationships between complaints and FT3 concentrations remained significant after adjusting for gender, age and BMI.

Conclusion Residual hypothyroid complaints in LT4-treated patients are specifically related to low FT3 concentrations. This supports an important role of FT3 for clinical decision making on dose adequacy, particularly in symptomatic athyreotic patients.
Efficacy of endoscopic treatment using double-balloon enteroscopy for postoperative bile leakage in patients with hepaticojejunostomy
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuyuki , Tsutsumi Koichiro , Kato Hironari , Horiguchi Shigeru , Saragai Yosuke , Takada Saimon , Mizukawa Sho , Muro Shinichiro , Uchida Daisuke , Tomoda Takeshi , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: February 2018

Background and study aims Endoscopic treatment for post-operative bile is technically challenging in patients with altered gastrointestinal anatomy. This study evaluated the effectiveness of using a short-type double-balloon enteroscope to treat postoperative bile leakage after hepaticojejunostomy.
Frequency of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Monitoring in Patients After Thyroidectomy: A Retrospective Study in Primary Care Practices in Germany
Authors: Kostev Karel , Winiarski Margarethe , Schüller Lisa , Sesterhenn Andreas , Jacob Louis
Published: February 2018

Aim The goal of this study was to analyze the frequency of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) monitoring in thyroidectomy patients followed by general practitioners in Germany.

Methods This study included all individuals ≥18 years who had undergone a thyroidectomy between 2000 and 2015 in 258 general practices in Germany. Another inclusion criterion was a minimum of three medical visits between 2015 and 2016, following thyroidectomy. The primary outcome was the annual frequency of TSH monitoring in thyroidectomy patients in 2015. Demographic data included age, sex, and type of health insurance coverage (private versus statutory). Clinical and therapeutic data included the amount of time since the first thyroidectomy, thyroidectomy-associated diagnosis (thyroid cancer, noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid (goiter), or hyperthyroidism), type of thyroidectomy (total or hemithyroidectomy), the Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and the prescription of levothyroxine therapy in 2015. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed to identify variables potentially associated with the likelihood of having been tested at least once for TSH in the year 2015.

Results The present study included 1,135 thyroidectomy patients. The mean age was 60.1 years (SD=14.3 years), and 75.8% of the patients were women. TSH was measured at least once in 42.3% of patients. In addition, 31.5% of individuals after thyroidectomy had mean TSH values between 0.25 and 1 mIU/L in 2015. No variable was significantly associated with the frequency of TSH monitoring. However, there was a tendency toward a lower TSH monitoring frequency in the groups which had undergone thyroidectomy years ago (OR=0.77 (95% CI: 0.53–1.11) for 1–5 years and OR=0.67 (95% CI: 0.45–0.99) for>5 years compared to<=1 year).

Conclusions Only 40% of thyroidectomy patients followed by general practitioners in Germany were monitored at least once for TSH in 2015.
Global Versus Momentary Osteoarthritis Pain and Emotional Distress: Emotional Intelligence as Moderator
Authors: Parmelee Patricia A , Scicolone Monica A , Cox Brian S , DeCaro Jason A , Keefe Francis J , Smith Dylan M
Published: February 2018

Attention to mood states exacerbates the experience of osteoarthritis pain both momentarily and in the long run. However, clarity of moods and the ability to maintain a positive mood help buffer the negative effects of pain on emotional well-being
A Single-Blind Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Gold Nanoparticle Photothermal-Assisted Liposuction in an Ex Vivo Human Tissue Model
Authors: Sheng Wangzhong , Seare William J , DiBernardo Barry , Alhasan Ali H , Cory Esther , Chasan Paul , Sah Robert L , Almutairi Khalid M , Almutairi Adah
Published: February 2018

Background

Liposuction is one of the most performed cosmetic surgery procedures. In a previously reported study, gold-nanoparticle (GNP) laser-assisted liposuction (NanoLipo) was shown to improve procedure parameters and outcomes in a porcine model.

Objectives

An ex vivo human liposuction model was developed to assess the ease, efficacy, and outcomes of NanoLipo, and to further explore its mechanism of action in facilitating liposuction.

Methods

NanoLipo was compared to a control without GNPs in sets of fresh, nonperfused, anatomically symmetric, matched tissue specimens from 12 patients. A subset of three experiments was performed under single-blinded conditions. Intraoperative assessments included lipoaspirate volume, percentage of free oil, ease of removal, and temperature rise. Specimens were palpated, visualized for evenness, and graded with and without skin. Postoperative assessment included viability staining of the lipoaspirate and remaining tissues. Microcomputed tomography was used to assess the distribution of infused GNPs within the tissues.

Results

NanoLipo consistently removed more adipose tissue with more liberated triglycerides compared to control. NanoLipo specimens were smoother, thinner, and had fewer and smaller irregularities. Infused solutions preferentially distributed between fibrous membranes and fat pearls. After NanoLipo, selective structural-tissue disruptions, indicated by loss of metabolic activity, were observed. Thus, NanoLipo likely creates a bimodal mechanism of action whereby fat lobules are dislodged from surrounding fibro-connective tissue, while lipolysis is simultaneously induced.

Conclusions

NanoLipo showed many advantages compared to control under blinded and nonblinded conditions. This technology may be promising in facilitating fat removal.

Level of Evidence: 5