bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Acute Alcohol Intoxication on Testicular DNA Stability, Gene Expression of Cytochromes CYP3A and CYP2E1, and Serum Pool of Free Amino Acids in Rats
Authors: Bondarenko Larysa , Shayakhmetova Ganna , Kharchenko Olga , Kalachinskaya Maria , Serhiichuk Natalia , Kovalenko Valentyna , Besarab Olexandr
Published: December 2024

Background. Alcohol's toxic effects on the organism is a long-known medical problem. Alcohol's damaging effect is the end result of the complex interplay between ethanol metabolism, inflammation and innate immunity. Previously, we studied the long-term consequences of chronic alcoholism and demonstrated that especially profound changes were in testes on the level of proteome and genome.
Objective. This work aimed to study short-term acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) effects for rat testis DNA fragmentation, cytochromes CYP3A and CYP2E1 genes expression, and serum pool of free amino acids in rats.
Methods. Wistar albino male rats were divided into 2 groups (8 animals in each group): 1 – Control (intact rats), and 2 – AAI (rats with short-term acute alcohol intoxication). AAI was induced by repeated administration per os 40% ethanol solution in a dose 7 ml/kg body weight, for 7 days. Contents of amino acids in serum, testes mRNA CYP2E1 and CYP3A2 expression, and DNA fragmentation were evaluated.
Results. In our experiments, the development of acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) led to increased DNA fragmentation processes in the testes of adult rats compared to the control group. Additionally, in the serum of ethanol-treated rats, the levels of histidine increased by 1.67 times and glutamine by 1.13 times in correlation with this pathology. Conversely, the levels of valine, phenylalanine, as well as non-essential and essential amino acids, decreased. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant increase in the expression of CYP2E1 and CYP3A2 genes in rat testes under the conditions of AAI.
Conclusions. In conclusion, investigation of rats' short-term alcohol administration effects permitted us to obtain the picture of complex metabolomic changes at the different levels. The main outcome of rats short-term ethanol administration in our experiments seems to be to some extent similar to changes described for rats with chronic alcohol consumption. Our results demonstrated profound changes in testes affecting the state of the genome, transcription processes and the exchange of amino acids and proteins. We suggest that the revealed testicular metabolic disorders could have negative implications on cellular regulation of spermatogenesis even under short-term ethanol exposure.
Effect of Fullerene C60 on Tomato Plants
Authors: Buziashvili Anastasiia , Prylutska Svitlana , Yemets Alla
Published: December 2024

Background. Fullerenes, one of the allotropic forms of carbon, are the focus of intensive research in nanobio­technology. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, there is growing interest in using them to enhance plant productivity and provide protection against various stresses. However, data on the effects of fullerenes on different plants are often contradictory.
Objective. To investigate the effect of colloidal water-soluble fullerene C60 on various stages of tomato deve­lopment.
Methods. The study examined the influence of fullerene C60 (0–50 µg/ml) on the seed germination of the Money Maker cv. and the growth and development of seedlings and adult plants. For this purpose, morphophysiological parameters such as shoot and root length, number of lateral and adventitious roots, fresh weight, accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, and nitric oxide (II) were assessed.
Results. Both positive and some phytotoxic effects of fullerene C60 on tomatoes were observed. Specifically, inhibition of seedling growth and a decrease in chlorophyll b and carotenoid content in adult plants were noted. Positive effects included an increased seed germination rate, higher fresh weight, greater length and number of adventitious roots in tomatoes grown in the presence of fullerene C60, and a higher nitric oxide (II) content in adult plants, which may contribute to enhanced stress resistance.
Conclusions. Fullerene C60 at a concentration of 25 μg/ml has a predominantly positive effect on tomato development and may be considered a promising nanomaterial for plant biotechnology.
The Collatz Conjecture “The Nonexistence of Divergent Orbits, through a Dynamic Diophantine Linear Analysis of Codification”
Authors: Fuentes Giovanny
Published: December 2024

We define the function $Col: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ as the Collatz function, given by $3n + 1$ if $n$ is odd and $\displaystyle\frac{n}{2}$ if $n$ is even. The conjecture postulates that for any positive integer, at some point, its iteration will reach 1, or equivalently, every orbit will fall into the periodic cycle $\{4, 2, 1\}$. Two conditions would invalidate the conjecture: The existence of a divergent orbit or the presence of another cycle. We can study the dynamics of the orbits through the density of even terms in their orbit. If all points' accumulation density exceeds the value of $\displaystyle\frac{\ln(3)}{\ln(2)}$ then the orbit is bounded. The main result of this work is to show that there are no natural numbers such that the accumulation points of the pair density are less than $\displaystyle\frac{\ln(3)}{\ln(2)}$. In other words, there are no divergent orbits.
Reevaluation of an Established In Vivo Gastric Vessel Bleed Model for Hemostatic Device Safety and Efficacy Testing
Authors: Grimsby Jessica Lynne , Szkolnicki Matthew David , Wood Kevin Andrew
Published: December 2024

For over a decade, endoscopic hemostatic powders have been used to manage upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Various preclinical benchtop and animal models have been developed to evaluate these devices. Multiple companies have released hemostatic powders to market, assessing their safety and efficacy using an established porcine gastric vessel bleed model. The model requires inserting an artery segment into the gastric lumen which is then punctured to produce a bleed. This simulates an aggressive arterial bleed, allowing hemostatic prototype devices to be tested under challenging conditions. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between intragastric pressure and bleed severity by injecting gas used to deliver hemostatic powder to the bleed site, without administering hemostatic powder. Our results indicate that elevated intragastric pressures alone can cause bleed cessation. Additional findings suggest that other factors in the model can lead to false positive hemostasis. This study highlights limitations in the current state porcine gastric vessel bleed model. The results underscore the importance of vetting preclinical models before acquiring efficacy data, and the need to develop more robust and effective bleed models for testing hemostatic devices.
Influence of Added Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Rheology of Polymers
Authors: Pal Rajinder , Deshpande Parth , Patel Smit
Published: December 2024

The interactions between cellulose nanocrystals and six different polymers (three anionic, two non-ionic, and one cationic) were investigated using rheological measurements of aqueous solutions of nanocrystals and polymer. The experimental viscosity data could be described adequately by a power-law model. The variations of power-law parameters (consistency index and flow behavior index) with concentrations of nanocrystals and polymers were determined for different combinations of nanocrystals and polymers. The interactions between nanocrystals and the following polymers: anionic sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and non-ionic guar gum, were found to be strong in that the consistency index increased substantially with the addition of nanocrystals to polymer solutions. The interaction between nanocrystals and non-ionic polymer polyethylene oxide was moderate. Depending on the concentrations of nanocrystals and polymer, the consistency index both increased and decreased upon the addition of nanocrystals to polymer solution. The interactions between nanocrystals and the following polymers: anionic xanthan gum, anionic polyacrylamide, and cationic quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose, were found to be weak. The changes in rheological properties with nanocrystal addition to these polymer solutions were found to be small or negligible.
A BIM Enabled Workflow for Rehabilitation of Heritage Steel Bridges
Authors: Crisan Andrei , Juravle Andreia , Bancila Radu
Published: December 2024

The rehabilitation of heritage steel bridges rises specific challenges due to their historical significance and structural complexity. This paper explores the transformative potential of Building Information Modelling (BIM) workflows in addressing these challenges, with a focus on seamless information transfer throughout a bridge’s lifecycle enabling infrastructure owners, particularly national road authorities, to leverage enhanced decision-making capabilities. The digitalization of bridge-related information can further enable the creation of digital twins for predictive maintenance, optimized resource allocation, and strategic planning for rehabilitation works. The approach proposed within this paper, including the definition and outline of Information Requirements, can be adapted by authorities and used as the backbone of efficient data management. Clearly defined information requirements ensure alignment between organizational objectives, asset-level needs, and project-specific deliverables, fostering a holistic information workflow. A key contribution of this research is the development of a template for Information Delivery Specification (IDS), that in intended to provide a clear framework for data exchange and quality control across all project phases. This technical document is meant to ensure seamless integration of technical and historical data into a centralized digital repository and to support the operational needs, during project implementation, and heritage preservation needs, on project hand-over. Additionally, present article explores the technical aspects of rehabilitation, including the structural assessment and strengthening strategies, while emphasizing that these should be directly integrated within the BIM workflow.
PSLer: A Power Supply and Data Logging Application for Microbial Electrolysis Systems
Authors: Flores Rodriguez Carla Isabel , Mockaitis Gustavo
Published: December 2024

PSLer is designed to utilize commercial boards and open-source code to deliver and capture voltage in microbial electrolysis systems. This applied voltage enhances microbial metabolic processes, allowing the microbial cells to generate electrical power, which the device captures and records. Effective operation, optimization, and troubleshooting of microbial electrolysis cells rely on power suppliers and multimeters with data acquisition capabilities to ensure dependable performance and efficient resource use. In this context, the manuscript describes the development of an automatic monitoring device that incorporates a Power Supply Unit, Arduino UNO, and ADS1256 boards, with an assembly cost less than $300 American dollars. This cost-effective solution empowers researchers with limited budgets to conduct dependable and efficient research. Additionally, the manuscript provides detailed instructions for assembling and using the monitoring device. This innovative prototype overcomes the limitations of costly and inflexible commercial devices and fosters interdisciplinary research, ultimately saving time and reducing costs.
Sorption of Nano-Zirconia on Calcite: Study on the Use of ZrO2 as a Surface Consolidant
Authors: Urbanek Matea , Gil-Díaz Teba , Lützenkirchen Johannes , Castelvetro Valter
Published: December 2024

Natural weathering of carbonate building surfaces exposed to outdoor conditions can be effectively tackled by appropriate products. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nano-zirconia (n-ZrO2) as a consolidant for calcite surfaces. Sorption kinetics were investigated in batch experiments by applying aqueous dispersions of n-ZrO2 onto model, crushed Apuan marble samples of different bead sizes. Adsorption, and desorption by the action of simulated rainwater as an environmentally relevant leaching solution, were investigated. Adsorption studies revealed a good chemical affinity between n-ZrO2 and calcite while desorption resulted in < 6% release of n-ZrO2 and 100-fold lower solubility for 1 mm-sized beads compared to controls. These results suggest that n-ZrO2 may adsorb efficiently to calcite and protect the surface from dissolution. The results of further tests performed on artificially aged and consolidated samples of Apuan marble indicate that the application of n-ZrO2 only moderately affects water vapor permeability, water absorption coefficient and drying behavior. Therefore, no harmful effects are expected from the treatment. Micromechanical tests showed slightly increased mechanical strength after treatment. The obtained results highlight the effectiveness of n-ZrO2 as a surface consolidant and protective agent for calcite.
Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Ecosystem-Scale CO2 Flux Measurements
Authors: Leland John , Uyekawa Jeffrey , Bergl Darby , Liu Yujie , Richardson Andrew D. , Lucas Benjamin
Published: December 2024

AmeriFlux is a network of hundreds of sites across the contiguous United States providing tower-based ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide flux measurements at 30 minute temporal resolution. While geographically wide-ranging, over its existence the network has suffered from multiple issues including towers regularly ceasing operation for extended periods and a lack of standardization of measurements between sites. In this study, we address these issues by comparing seven machine learning algorithms to predict CO2 flux measurements using 35 environmental drivers and site-specific variables as predictors. We found that Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) consistently produced the most accurate predictions (Root Mean Squared Error of 1.81μmolm−2s−1, R2 of 0.86). The model showed excellent performance testing on sites that are ecologically similar to other sites (the Mid Atlantic, New England, and the Rocky Mountains), and poorer performance at sites with fewer ecological similarities to other sites in the data (Pacific Northwest, Florida, and Puerto Rico). The results show strong potential for machine learning-based models to make more skillful predictions than state-of-the-art process-based models, being able to estimate the multi-year mean carbon balance to within an error ± 50gCm−2y−1 for 29 of our 44 test sites. These results have significant implications for being able to accurately predict the carbon flux or gap-fill an extended outage at any AmeriFlux site, and for being able to quantify carbon flux in support of natural climate solutions.
The Role of Isocyanate Index and Flame Retardant in Reducing CO(g) and Smoke Emissions of Soybased Rigid Polyisocyanurate Foams
Authors: Teilletche Cecilia Daniela , Borowicz Marcin , Paciorek-Sadowska Joanna , Isbrandt Marek , Chiacchiarelli Leonel
Published: December 2024

Enhancing the flame retardancy of biobased rigid polyurethane foams is a crucial step towards improving the sustainability of the polyurethane industry. In this work, we systematically analyzed the effect of increasing the isocyanate index (NCOindex) and the flame retardant content using a polyol with high renewable content (>97 wt.%). We found outstanding results regarding the CO(g)/CO2(g) index, the most important safety parameter in terms of human safety, whereas a significant reduction of 78% and 69.6 % was observed as a function of increasing the NCOindex and flame retardant (FR) content, respectively. In addition, the FR did not cause an increase of the total smoke produced (TSP), on the contrary, it decreased up to 31.4% after increasing the FR concentration. The MAHRE parameter was also substantially improved, up to 40.6%, indicating the formation of a thicker char layer which protected the foam during burning. This was achieved simultaneously with outstanding improvements of the specific compressive strength of up to +155%. The studies were substantiated by a comprehensive physico-chemical characterization using TGA analysis, water absorption, initial thermal conductivity, FTIR analysis and cell geometry using SEM. These results are of paramount importance to promote the use of biobased rigid polyurethane foams with enhanced fire retardancy.
Regulation of Chemoresistance, Relapse and Metastasis by Breast Cancer Stemness
Authors: Osikoya Azeezat , Srivastava Shobhit , Terrero David , Wu Joyce , Lorenz Leah C. , Nguyen Thu Q. , Johnson Tiffany , Priyadershi Aditi S. , Boring Andrew , Dulal Dharmindra , Francis Joseph , Raman Dayanidhi
Published: December 2024

BC (BC) stemness contributes to aggressive primary tumor progression and increased propensity for metastasis. Additionally, BC stem-like cells (BCSCs) immensely contribute to drug resistance and relapse. Knowing the biological attributes of BCSCs is vital to employ efficacious therapies against them. In this review, we aim to cover the intrinsic characteristics of BCSCs, the autocrine signaling and paracrine activation by the available cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and opportunities for targeted therapies both intrinsic and extrinsic to BCSCs. Salient actionable molecular targets and vulnerabilities within the BCSCs and their surrounding bulk tumor and stromal cell compartments in triple-negative breast (TNBC) will be mostly discussed. Enhanced knowledge regarding the BCSCs and their microenvironment will enable us to effectively treat late stage and refractory BC.
Metal-Free Synthesis of α-H Chlorine Alkylaromatic Hydrocarbons Driven by Visible Light
Authors: De Luca Lidia , Ledda Luca , Porcheddu Andrea , Carraro Massimo , Pisano Luisa , Gaspa Silvia
Published: December 2024

Chlorination is a widely used strategy at industrial level. Chlorinated products represent indispensable building blocks in synthetic chemistry. For this reason, finding new and alternative methodologies of these compounds continues to be a challenge. Here we report the synthesis of benzyl chlorides and α-chloro alkyl arenes mediated by visible light. This methodology is a valid alternative to the syntheses previously reported in the literature. It is a metal-free process, without the use of additives and radical initiators.
Gboxin Induced Apoptosis and Ferroptosis of Cervical Cancer Cells by Promoting Autophagy-Mediated Inhibition of Nrf2 Signaling Under Low-Glucose Conditions
Authors: Lu Junlin , Li Jiarui , Wang Lu , Chen Yao , Wu Yulun , Zhang Ziying , Zhang Jingying , Gao Feng , Jia Chaoran , Bao Yongli , Yang Xiaoguang , Song Zhenbo
Published: December 2024

Cervical cancer poses a significant threat to women's health, underscoring the critical need for the development of low-toxicity, high-efficacy pharmacological drugs that specifically target cervical cancer cells. During cancer progression, elevated glucose consumption leads to a pervasive state of glucose deficiency within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Consequently, it is imperative to identify pharmacological agents capable of effectively killing cancer cells under conditions of low-glucose availability within the TME. Previous studies have demonstrated that Gboxin, a small molecular compound, effectively inhibited the growth of Glioblastoma (GBM) by targeting the activity of the ATP synthase complex, while exhibiting no detrimental effects on normal cells. However, the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of Gboxin in cervical cancer cells within a low-glucose microenvironment remain inadequately understood. This study suggested that Gboxin significantly promoted autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis of cervical cells under low-glucose conditions while had no obvious effect on cell survival under normal conditons. Further study suggested that Gboxin inhibited mitochondrial function under low-glucose culture conditions while showing no significant changes on glycolysis. Mechanistic analysis revealed that Gboxin inhibited ATP synthesis and activated the AMPK signaling pathway by targeting mitochondrial complex V. Furthermore, the increased AMPK activation subsequently promoted autophagy and reduced p62 protein levels. The decreased levels of p62 protein facilitated the degradation of Nrf2 by regulating p62-Keap1-Nrf2 axis thereby diminishing the antioxidant capacity of cervical cancer cells, ultimately leading to the induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis. This study provided a better theoretical basis for exploring Gboxin as a potential drug for cervical cancer treatment.
A Rapid General Synthesis and the Spectroscopic Data of 2,2′-Bis-(Di-Isopropylphosphino)-1,1′-Dibromoferrocene, (bpdbf), 1,1′, 2,2′-Tetrakis-(Di-Isopropylphosphino) Ferrocene, (tdipf) and Related Ligands. Taking dppf into the Future
Authors: Horton Peter. N , Coles Simon J , Clegg William , Harrington Ross , Butler. Ian . R
Published: December 2024

The clean high yielding, synthesis and structure of the tetraphosphine ligand, 1,1´,2,2´-tetrakis-(di-isopropyl-phosphino)ferrocene, (tdipf), is described. In addition, an improved synthesis of the 1,1´,2,2´-tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, (tppf) and 2,2´-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1´-dibromoferrocene are also reported and the synthetic method is generalised to include the synthesis of 3,3’-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1´,2,2´-tetrabromoferrocene. The related ligands 2,2´-bis-(iso-propylphosphino)-1,1´-bis-diphenylphosphinoferrocene (diprdppf) and 2,2´-bis-(di-isopropylphosphino)-dibromoferrocene have also been prepared and characterised. The crystal structure of the square planar bimetallic nickel (II) dichloride of tdipf is also described, together with a brief NMR study investigating the synthesis of this and related metal complexes. The crystal structures of the palladium and platinum dichloride complexes of 2,2’-bis-(di-isopropylphosphino)-1,1’-dibromoferrocene, bpdbf, are also discussed in the context of comparison with previously known crystal structures in the same general family. A general discussion on the synthetic methodology is given and pointers to future research other researchers might explore.
Ultra-Slow Self-Similar Coarsening of Physical Fibrillar Gels Formed by Semiflexible Polymers
Authors: Kröger Martin , Luap Clarisse , Ilg Patrick
Published: December 2024

Biopolymers tend to form fibrils that self-assemble into open network structures. While permanently crosslinked flexible polymers are relatively well understood, structure--property relationships of open networks and pseudo-gels formed by bundles of biopolymers are still controversial. Here we employ a generic coarse-grained bead-spring chain model incorporating semiflexibility and cohesive nonbonded interactions, that forms physical instead of chemical crosslinks. For flexible chains, the cohesive forces lead to the formation of a droplet phase while, at the same concentration, stiffer chains form bundles that self-assemble into percolated networks. From comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations we find that the reversible crosslinks allow for permanent relaxation processes. However, the associated reorganization of the filamentous network is severely hindered, leading to aging of its topology. Based on morphometric analyses, the ultra-slow coarsening in these systems is proven to be self-similar, which implies a number of scaling relations between structural quantities as the networks age. The percolated structures are characterized by different dynamic regimes of slow, anomalous diffusion with highly non-Gaussian displacements. Relaxation dynamics is found to become extremely slow already on moderate length scales and further slowing down as coarsening proceeds. Using a minimal model supported by observations on filament rupture and rearrangement, our study helps to shed light on various interrelated structural and dynamical aspects of coarsening nonergodic systems relevant for fibrous networks, pseudo-gels, and physical fibrillar gels.
Biofilm of Electrospun Coaxial Polycaprolactone/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Fibers Containing Cisplatin: A Potential Local Chemotherapy Delivery System for Cervical Cancer Treatment
Authors: Silva-López Mariana Sarai , Escobar-Barrios Vladimir Alonso , Alcántara-Quintana Luz Eugenia
Published: December 2024

Cisplatin is a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent for cervical cancer; however, its use is limited by severe adverse effects. Treatment with localized therapy that limits systemic toxicity remains a significant challenge. This work aimed to develop a local intravaginal delivery system for cisplatin via a polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) core/shell fiber biofilm using coaxial electrospinning technique. The physicochemical properties of the polymeric biofilm were characterized, as well as the degradation rate, residence time, drug release profile, and in vitro biosafety assays. SEM images confirmed the coaxial nature of the fibers and showed their continuous morphology and diameters of 3-9 µm, making them a good drug microcarrier system. FT-IR analysis showed the bands of the polymers and drug in the fibrous biofilm. Combining PCL and PVP in the manufactured fibers and incorporating cisplatin improved the mechanical properties. The contact angle with water was <85º, so its surface is highly hydrophilic, allowing its dissolution in the vaginal environment. The cisplatin release profile showed an initial rapid and explosive release followed by a slow and sustained release for over 8 days. The in vitro degradation test showed ~50% biofilm dissolution on day 10, consistent with the pharmacological release time. The adhesion of the fibrous biofilm to the vaginal wall was greater than 15 days, sufficient time to allow the release of the chemotherapeutic agent. Finally, the in vitro biosafety tests showed great cytocompatibility and no hemolysis. According to the characteristics evaluated, the developed biofilm could be a promising option for the localized treatment of cervical cancer.
Emergency General Surgery in COVID-19 Patients, a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shamim Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted healthcare systems, including the management of emergency general surgery. Even though the pandemic ended, the new variants are continuously emerging, making it necessary to standardized the management protocols of emergency general surgery in COVID patients. Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the outcomes of emergency general surgery in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients, focusing on mortality, postoperative complications, mechanical ventilation, and ICU admissions. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted, including studies published between December 2019 and the present. Observational studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials reporting outcomes of emergency general surgery in adult patients with and without COVID-19 were included. A random-effects meta-analysis model was employed, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot. Results: The analysis included 10 studies encompassing 7559 patients (3118 COVID19 group, 4441 non-COVID19 group). COVID-19 group patients demonstrated significantly higher mortality having odds ratio (OR) of 3.0036 (95% CI: 2.4263, 3.7184) and risk ratio (RR) of 2.8333 (95% Cl: 2.3127, 3.4712). Conclusion: Emergency general surgery in COVID-19 patients is associated with worse outcomes, including increased mortality, higher complication rates, and increased ICU admissions. These findings highlight the need for tailored perioperative strategies for COVID patients to mitigate risks.
Degradable Semi-Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin for Recyclable Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials
Authors: Li Kai , Wang Zhonggang
Published: December 2024

The development of an energy-saving method to recycle expensive carbon fibers (CFs) from the end-of-life thermosetting resin-based CF-reinforced composites (CFRCs) is strongly desired taking account of the environmental and economic issues. The replacement of traditional thermosetting matrixes with controllably degradable epoxy resins provides a promising solution to this challenging task. In this work, a liquid acetal-containing semi-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin (H-ER) is designed and synthesized. After curing, compared with the commercial cycloaliphatic epoxy ERL-4221, H-ER shows simultaneously increased thermal stability, shearing strength, flexural strength, strain at break and critical stress intensity factor by 126%, 26.5%, 17.0% and 29.5%, respectively. Particularly, the cured H-ER is sufficiently resistant to organic solvents, bases and weak acids, but degrades rapidly in a modestly strong acidic aqueous solution, and the rate of degradation is controllable by modulating the acidity. GC-MS and FTIR spectra demonstrate that the degradation is indeed due to the cleavage of acetal linkages in the network, and the degradation-generated benzaldehyde may be reused as the raw material for the synthesis of the H-ER resin. More importantly, for the CFRCs using H-ER as a matrix, the CFs are readily recovered without detectable damage and are able to be recycled for the CFRCs fabrication.
Expanding the Chemical Diversity of Stemona parviflora: Isolation and Characterization of New Parvistemoline-Type Alkaloids
Authors: Zhou Shuaizhen , Geng Ruolin , Ke Chang-Qiang , Ge Fan , Chen Ying , Tang Chunping , Ye Yang
Published: December 2024

A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Stemona parviflora led to the isolation of 13 alkaloidal constituents, including five new alkaloids: 13α-hydroxyparvistemonine (1), 12α-methoxyparvistemonine (2), parvistemonine-N-oxide (3), parvistemoninine (4), and parvistemofoline (5). The structures of these compounds were elucidated through extensive analyses of 1D and 2D NMR spectra, DFT NMR calculation, and comparisons with data in literature. Notably, compounds 1-4 represent new examples of the rare parvistemoline-type alkaloids, with compound 4 showcasing a unique rearranged skeleton. Additionally, parvistemofoline (5) was identified as a distinct alkaloid skeleton characterized by a n-butyl side chain. These findings significantly expand our understanding of the chemical diversity of parvistemoline-type alkaloids, and provide clues for elucidating the biosynthetic pathways of these structurally unique parvistemoline alkaloids.
Exploring HIV Prevention Preferences Among Key Populations in Uganda: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Block Ngaybe Maiya G , Joseph Kawoya Kijali , Hamzazai Wadana , Deal Carly Jo , Mugamba Stephen , Stephen Wambi Moses , Muhumuza Richard , Nakaggwa Betty , Abubakar Auwal , Valdez Gabriela , Ingram Maia , Ehiri John , Mirembe Grace , Mwesigwa Betty , Kibuuka Hannah , Madhivanan Purnima
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has recently been approved for use, and dissemination, but has yet to be released in Uganda. To ensure uptake of this injectable option, and others like a future HIV vaccine, it is important to understand the preferences of the populations at the highest risk who will benefit the most. We present data on product preferences for HIV prevention practices and injectable HIV prevention among populations most at risk for HIV with a focus on injectable options such as long-acting PrEP or a future HIV Vaccine for primary prevention of HIV. Methods: In March 2024, we conducted 20 semi-structured key informant interviews in English and Luganda among 10 experts in the field of HIV prevention, and 10 peer leaders of key or priority populations in Uganda. Participants were purposively selected to represent various groups, genders, occupations and locations to get diverse perspectives. Both groups of participants were asked similar questions, with experts focusing on their experience with key populations. Debriefs were held after each interview to monitor emerging themes and assess data saturation. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis guided by Lancaster’s consumer theory. Results: The most common prevention practices mentioned by participants were condoms and PrEP. Participants mentioned barriers to prevention practices including duration, accessibility issues such as transportation, location issues and stigma. The most important characteristics for participants when considering the uptake of a new injectable prevention product included efficacy, cost and side effects. Experts tended to have higher minimal acceptable efficacy percentages. Participants who were peer leaders recognized that some had a fear of needles, though they also expressed motivation to receive injections due to the perception that they may work better than other modes of administration. Conclusions: According to experts and peer leader participants in this study, key populations in Uganda prefer high efficacy, lower side effects and confidentiality in their services. Participants emphasized the need for comprehensive and accessible information about specific HIV prevention methods to improve the uptake of these products. Tailored messaging and choice can accommodate the heterogeneity of preferences to best ensure HIV prevention in Uganda.
Functional assessment of citral dietary supplementation on growth performance, intestinal parameters, and specific activity of the digestive enzymes of Sardinella brasiliensis reared in recirculating aquaculture system
Authors: Michelotti Bruna Tomazetti , Owatari Marco Shizuo , Magnotti Caio , Klinger Ana Carolina Kohlrausch , Palma Ulyssses da Silva , Santos Marina Cesconeto dos , Descovi Sharine Nunes , Cerqueira Vinícius Ronzani , Costa Sílvio Teixeira da , Bianchin Letícia Bogoni , Baldisserotto Bernardo
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with citral on growth performance and intestinal parameters, and specific activity of the digestive enzymes of Sardinella brasiliensis.  240 juvenile S. brasiliensis were randomly distributed in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) composed of 12 circular tanks of 150 L (n = 20 per tank). A diet without citral addition (control) and three diets containing different levels of citral inclusion (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mL kg*feed–1) were used in the fish feeding management during 20 days. The indexes of zootechnical performance, survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion and condition factor of the fish were verified, as well as digestive enzymes and histological analysis. A significant positive relationship was found between citral supplementation and fish survival. In the specific activity of digestive enzymes, dietary citral supplementation at 2.0 mL* kg feed–1 increased lipase and amylase activity. Citral supplementation positively influenced the number of villi and intestinal crypt depth. Furthermore, the inclusion of citral at 0.5 mL kg*feed–1 increased the intestine diameter of the fish. The results of the experiment suggest that the addition of citral as an additive in the diet of S. brasiliensis improved the survival of fish.
Efecto de los tiempos de conservación a temperatura ambiente, en la calidad del huevo de coturnix coturnix japonica, en la amazonia ecuatoriana
Authors: Andrade-Yucailla V. , Flores-Rivera J. , Navas-González F.J. , Ramírez-Sánchez A. , Acosta-Lozano N. , Andrade-Yucailla S.
Published: December 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad física y de frescura del huevo de codorniz japonesa (Coturnix coturnix japonica),) durante un período de conservación determinado, a temperatura ambiente. El mismo se desarrolló en la Centro de Investigación, Postgrado y Conservación Amazónica (CIPCA) en galpones experimentales del programa avícola. Se analizaron 500 huevos a los 0, 5, 10, 15 y 20 días de conservación a temperatura ambiente considerando 100 huevos para cada tratamiento. Los indicadores que se midieron fueron: diámetro longitudinal, diámetro transversal y peso del huevo, diámetro y altura de la albúmina, diámetro y altura de la yema, grosor de la cáscara, índice de forma, índice de cáscara e índice de yema y Unidades Haugh. Se utilizó un diseño experimental Completamente Aleatorizado (DCA) y se procesaron los datos con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 21. Se observó que las Unidades Haugh reportaron valores que categorizan a los huevos con excelente calidad en los días 0 y 5 con valores de 95.63 y 89.13, con respecto al índice de forma, índice de cáscara, así como diámetros longitudinal y transversal del huevo, que no presentaron diferencias significativas (p
Archivos de Zootecnia. Informe Editorial 2022
Authors: Navas González F.J. , Delgado Bermejo J.V.
Published: December 2024

Durante 2022, Archivos de Zootecnia alcanzó su número 276. El siguiente informe editorial proporciona una descripción general del proceso editorial de la revista durante el año pasado. En 2022, la revista logró un índice de 0,8 en Scopus y un índice de 0,168 en SJR, lo que la posicionó como revista Q4. Se publicaron un total de 33 manuscritos, provenientes de 17 países diferentes. Aunque Brasil siguió siendo el país que más contribuyó, el porcentaje de envíos de Brasil disminuyó ligeramente (26 %) a favor de un aumento de envíos de otros países. Los manuscritos estaban predominantemente escritos en español (27%), seguido de inglés (21%), portugués (17%) y francés (2%). Los manuscritos publicados incluyeron 26 artículos, 3 notas cortas y 6 revisiones. Los dos temas principales tratados en los artículos fueron Alimentación y alimentación (n=7; 20%) y Cría y genética (n=7; 20%), mientras que la especie más estudiada fue el ganado bovino (n=9; 26%). seguido de las aves de corral (n=5; 14%). Los tiempos editoriales entre el envío del manuscrito y la publicación han mejorado en comparación con años anteriores.
Ecotipos en el ganado bovino Casanare de Colombia
Authors: Parés P.M. , Salamanca A. , Crosby R.A.
Published: December 2024

La raza bovina Casanare ha descendido y está considerada como una raza en peligro de extinción ya que su población se estima inferior a los 1.000 animales. El estudio de los recursos genéticos animales permite identificar poblaciones nativas o criollas y la zoometría es una herramienta que contribuye a este fin. El objetivo fue describir posibles ecotipos dentro de la raza criolla Casanare localizada en la región de sabana inundable de Arauca, Colombia. Se estudiaron 45 hembras, en un rango de edad de 2,5-16 años, a partir de 8 medidas corporales, de dos fincas diferentes. Los datos obtenidos indicaron una escasa variabilidad. Aparecieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre fincas. Los animales de ambas fincas presentan diferencias morfo-estructurales de lo que se deduciría que se trataría de dos ecotipos diferentes.
Quarto traseiro e gordura de cobertura de bovinos alimentados com fontes de lipídeo na dieta
Authors: Lima E.S. , Valente T.N.P. , Morais J.P.G. , Roça R.O. , Deminicis B.B.
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito da inclusão de diferentes fontes lipídicas (caroço de algodão e Gordura protegida em dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar, milho, polpa cítrica, farinha de algodão e uréia) no quarto traseiro (QT) e no grau de gordura de cobertura (GC) da carcaça de bovinos Nelore durante a terminação em confinamento. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: dieta com 2,50% de caroço de algodão (dieta controle = tratamento T1); dieta com 11,50% de caroço de algodão (caroço de algodão em maior quantidade = tratamento T2); e dieta com 3,13% de caroço de algodão adicionada a lipídio protegido (chamado tratamento T3), sendo os valores com base na matéria seca da dieta. A relação volumoso: concentrado da dieta foi de 50:50. Trinta e nove bovinos inteiros com peso corporal inicial médio de 494 kg e 36 meses de idade foram confinados durante 63 dias. Após esse período, os animais foram abatidos e o QT e GC da carcaça foram analisados. A adição de fontes lipídicas testadas neste estudo não afetou o GC. No entanto, no QT houve diferenças (P
Conexão entre variáveis meteorológicas e a produção de leite na zona climática Cfb no sul do Brasil
Authors: Vinhas Ítavo L.C. , Queiroz-Melhado G.J. , Bradão Ferreira C.C. , Bonin Gomes M.N. , Soares Cunha C. , Paranhos da Silva M.
Published: December 2024

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do produto homeopático para terminação sobre o desempenho produtivo e as características de carcaça de novilhos Nelore, terminados em pastagens tropicais de capim-Marandu. Quarenta novilhos Nelore castrados, com 30 meses de idade e peso vivo médio de 419,25 kg, foram divididos em dois tratamentos nutricionais (com ou sem homeopatia) em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em quatro grupos (2 grupos/tratamento, com 10 animais cada, totalizando 40 animais). Parâmetros de desempenho e características de carcaça como área de olho de lombo (AOL), espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) e marmoreio (EM) foram avaliados por ultrassom no início e no final do período experimental. Não houve efeito do tratamento homeopático para a ingestão de suplementos, ganho médio diário (GMD), AOL e EGS. A média de ingestão foi de 0,11 kg/dia, o GMD foi de 0,47 kg/dia, a AOL foi de 76,63 cm2 e o ganho de AOL no período experimental foi de 18,2 cm2. A EGS final médio foi de 4,8 mm e o ganho de EGS foi de 2,08 mm. Para o ganho de marmoreio (MARg) houve diferença (P
Efectos de la endogamia en los rasgos fenotípicos en el caballo Hispano-Árabe
Authors: Marín Navas C. , Iglesias Pastrana C. , McLean A.K. , Delgado Bermejo J.V. , Chikha M. , Akriche S. , Posta J. , Szabó C. , Navas González F.J.
Published: December 2024

Nuestro estudio investiga la influencia de los parámetros genéticos relacionados con la endogamia en el caballo Hispano-Árabe, centrándose en los patrones de color de capa. Se analizaron un total de 11,010 caballos nacidos entre 1900 y 2019. Se estudiaron catorce patrones de capa: Castaño, Negro, Alazán, Bayo, Tordo, Isabelino, Overo, Palomino, Cremello, Perla, Pío, Ruano, Crema Ahumado y Blanco. Estos pelajes se categorizaron en dos grupos: pelajes puros (Castaño, Alazán y Negro) y pelajes diluidos (Bayo, Tordo, Isabelino, Cremello, Overo, Palomino, Perla, Pío, Ruano, Crema Ahumado y Blanco). Mediante análisis bayesiano, determinamos que los niveles de endogamia son mayores en los colores de pelaje puro en comparación con los diluidos. El valor promedio de endogamia más alto se encontró en el pelaje castaño (4.5%), mientras que los valores más bajos se observaron en los pelajes blanco y pío (0%). Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de una gestión cuidadosa de los programas de cría para preservar la diversidad genética y minimizar la endogamia en el caballo Hispano-Árabe
Teoremas de Menelaus, Pascal e Ceva: cinco problemas resolvidos propostos para a Olimpíada Internacional de Matemática
Authors: López Linares Juan
Published: December 2024

Os Teoremas de Menelaus, Pascal e Ceva estabelecem condições necessárias e suficientes para a concorrência e colinearidade de determinadas retas e pontos. Cinco problemas propostos para a Olimpíada Internacional de Matemática são discutidos em detalhe. As demonstrações envolvidas nas soluções são complementadas pela disponibilização dos respectivos links das figuras interativas utilizando o GeoGebra. É esperado que o artigo possa ser apreciado tanto por estudantes, que preparam-se para as fases finais de competições nacionais ou internacionais, quanto por professores, que atuam no ensino e interessam-se em desafios olímpicos. Outros assuntos lembrados são: quadriláteros inscritíveis, semelhança, potência de ponto, base média, incentro e homotetia.
Experimental Evaluation of Low-Carbon Cement and Its Application to the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Findlay Tristin , Tabatabaei Maryam , Dahi Taleghani Arash
Published: December 2024

This study initiates a series of tests to examine the application of Type IL cement for well-cementing operations. Type IL cement is a blend of 5–15% limestone with Type I/II Portland cement. This substitution by reducing the amount of CO2 emitted from cement plants can be aligned with sustainability efforts in the cement industry. We first measured the properties of cement slurry made of Type IL cement and compared them with specifications for the well cementing. The properties of hardened cement including the compressive strength and bonding strength were also examined. For compressive strength measurement, both cubic and cylindrical samples were prepared. To measure the bonding strength, the modified pushout test was used. We also investigated the effect of severe environments on the strength reduction of the hardened cement. In addition, the scaled abandonment plugging setup was used to quantify the sealing capabilities of Type IL cement in a well-plugging scenario. To force nitrogen flow through, differential pressure was applied to the system by decreasing the pressure above the plug-in controlled timesteps. We found that Type IL hardened cement offers substantial sealing capabilities compared with data available in the literature, although the leakage rate seems to gradually increase with each increase in differential pressure.
The Autonomic Craving Signature: physiological signals as a daily-life biomarker of craving
Authors: Baillet Emmanuelle , Serre Fuschia , Si-Mohammed Hakim , Romao Cassandre , Bruneau Arthur , Vacher Chloé , Monseigne Thibaut , Jeunet-Kelway Camille , Auriacombe Marc
Published: December 2024

Craving variations have been shown to be prospectively associated to relapse and are a target for treatment in substance use disorders (SUD). We show that a set of physiological features captured in daily life can distinguish within-day craving from no-craving states, among SUD participants in a 14-day multimodal study. Craving was assessed Signal-contingent and event-contingent. Continuous recording of physiological signals was conducted daily. After labeling samples as “craving” and “no-craving” using a double-check verification, features of each signal were extracted, normalized and standardized and a principal component analysis was applied. Using Support Vector Machines and Linear Discriminant Analysis classifiers, physiological signals allowed to discriminate craving from no-craving episodes with a high cross-validation accuracy (73.6% and 72.2% respectively). This finding is an important breakthrough that paves the way to a biomarker of craving in daily life.
Heterojunction design of ZnO/α-Fe2O3 with dual enhancement of ion/electron transport for energy storage
Authors: Wu Qinyu , Wang Shuai , Cao Rui , Lei Qian , Ma Ziyang , Ma Yangzhou Z. , Xia Ailin L. , Song Guangsheng S.
Published: December 2024

Transition metal oxides (TMOs), such as Fe2O3 and ZnO, are attractive as anode materials for battery application due to the high theoretical specific capacity, environmental friendliness, and low price. However, poor electron conductivity or poor ion migration rate significantly limit the application of TMOs in lithium-ion batteries. To overcome both challenges, a heterostructured construction consisting of two different transition metal oxides proves to be effective for cycling stability and rate performance. In the present work, high-capacity α-Fe2O3 and ZnO are combined into a nanocomposite with heterojunction by facile wet ball-milling process. Microstructural observation shows that the irregular ZnO surface is tightly wrapped by needle-like Fe2O3, and the interface of the two phases is in close contact at the atomic level. According to the energy band theory, heterojunction is formed at the interface. Electrochemical tests showed that the construction of heterojunction promotes the release of inert lithium from the inner ZnO, thus improving the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). The two phases synergistically regulate the electron/ion transport of the composites. In addition, The heterojunction at the interface of the two phases achieved rapid electron transport, resulting in excellent cycling and rate perfomance (∼472 mA h/g at 200 mA/g after 270 cycles). In fact, the straightforward and scalable technique without carbon which is used on this heterostructured metal oxide anodes provides a viable solution for future industrial-grade preparations.