bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerimaan Teknologi Studentsite Menggunakan The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) pada Universitas Gunadarma
Authors: Nofa Widya Khafa , Hapsari Dewi Anggraini Puspa
Published: June 2021

Studentsite merupakan salah satu teknologi layanan informasi di lingkungan Universitas Gunadarma berbasis online, penyampaian informasi menggunakan aplikasi berbasis web akan meningatkan kualitas layanan dan informasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berpengaruh dalam persepsi kegunaan dan persepsi kemudahan sistem terhadap kondisi nyata sistem dan pengaruh persepsi kegunaan sistem terhadap kondisi nyata sistem pada layanan informasi mahasiswa dengan menggunakan kerangka Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) sebagai konseptual model dan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) sebagai analisis data. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Universitas Gunadarma aktif 2020, sampel diambil secara acak sebanyak 50 orang dari seluruh mahasiswa Gunadarma yang aktif, data diolah menggunakan SEM dari paket software statistik AMOS versi 21.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa studentsite memberikan kemudahan mahasiswa dalam mengakses informasi khususnya dalam kegiatan akademik, hal ini mendorong mereka menggunakan studentsite dengan frekuensi yang tinggi dalam melakukan pekerjaanya sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya sebagai mahasiswa.
Queen Rearing in Apis Cerana:Training Resource Book
Authors: Shukla A. N. , Joshi S.R. , Upadhyaya S.
Published: June 2021

This manual was prepared in Nepali. It provides background information on Apis cerana management and the reasons for rearing queen bees, together with a detailed description of the method illustrated with large numbers of diagrams and photos. The rearing of queen bees enables farmers to improve the quality and productivity of domesticated colonies and can be an income generation method in its own right.
The Muslim and the Law: A Brunei Experience
Authors: Haji Kamaludin Zabaidah
Published: June 2021

An Islamic system of governance is an ideal system, which is a tantalising objective for many Muslims but often times not achieved in practice. Countries may call themselves ‘Islamic’ but the core element of Islamicity, that of values such as compassion, equity and justice may not have breached the consciousness of their leaders and citizens. Sometimes it is individuals who act as the catalyst for sparking action. For a Muslim, it is his īmān that serves to light his conscience, and guiding him the dispensation of his everyday tasks within his organisation. This individualised īmān may at times serve as a small but critical factor tilting the different organisational functions of government towards integrations under an Islamic system of governance. This paper recounts the challenges of a Muslim engaging in legal issues in a non-Islamic context, seeking to help enable his organisation to undertake the role of incorporating non-Islamic law with Islamic values.
Kindness to Parents: A Driver for Excellence?
Authors: Hamdulay Fatima
Published: June 2021

How do we engender excellence? Malcolm Gladwell popularised the notion of a “Tipping Point” – little things that make a big difference and move to a point where the social phenomenon gains traction that is virus-like – it becomes deeply infectious. However, what are the things we should be driving to the tipping point in an Islamic system of governance where excellence, or iḥsān, is a key requirement? The Qur<ānic narrative on iḥsān emphasises kindness to parents. A field-based study of ‘Operational Iḥsān’ amongst pre-recognised top tier educators in Brunei’s public schooling system strongly affirms and heightens this component of the Qur<ānic narrative. These discoveries, both Qur<ānic and lived, manifest a simple, but deeply implicative promise – fostering kindness to parents may be an untapped well from which to feed excellence. This paper explores why this might be the case, and what the implications of such an understanding for policy design and delivery, whether at the governmental or organisational level.
Penggunaan alat peraga untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VII MTs. Nw Mataram materi pokok himpunan
Authors: Widjathi Sri Suwartini
Published: June 2021

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIIA MTs NW Mataram disebabkan pembelajaran oleh guru tanpa menggunakan media pembelajaran sehingga siswa mengalami kesulitan, kurang bersemangat, dan kurang termotivasi dalam proses pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu agar proses pembelajaran berjalan dengan lancar maka diperlukan media pembelajaran yang melibatkan siswa secara aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan alat peraga yaitu sebagai alat bantu untuk menciptakan proses belajar mengajar yang efektif. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar melalui penggunaan alat peraga. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas  VIIA dengan akltivitas belajar siswa siklus 1 pada pertemuan 1 dan 2 bertutut-turut sebesar 14,7 (aktif) dan 17 (sangat aktif) dan pada siklus II pertemuan 1 dan 2 berturut-turut sebesar 17,3 (sangat aktif) dan 17,6 (sangat aktif). Sedangkan untuk prestasi belajar siswa , persentasi ketuntasan klasikal 63,63% pada siklus I dan 90,90% pada siklus II. Nilai ini sudah memenuhi kriteria sesuai dengan indikator penelitian yaitu adanya peningkatan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIIA, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan penggunaan alat peraga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa pada materi pokok himpunan kelas VIIA MTs NW Mataram tahun pelajaran 2011/2012.
Subjetividade e dualismo homem-animal em The Jaguar, de Ted Hughes
Authors: Silva Aline Cristina da
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho objetivou traçar um paralelo e estabelecer uma conversa entre os dualismos de homem e animal. Para que esta discussão se articulasse dentro do campo literário, escolhemos como objeto de pesquisa o poema The Jaguar (1957), de Ted Hughes. Iniciamos nossa discussão passando pelos princípios narrativos poéticos e estabelecemos uma conexão entre os estudos de Descartes e Heidegger, filósofos que discutem os animais e a animalidade. Para além disso, discutimos a historicidade do autor e analisamos o poema de Hughes a partir da perspectiva do olhar e do aprisionamento animal e a relação dialética entre seres humanos e não-humanos; a partir dessa reflexão, tecemos novos olhares para a subjetividade animal.
Ressignificando o estudo de charges em sala de aula com base nas funções da linguagem e na relação imagético-verbal: Multimodalidade e leitura crítico-reflexiva
Authors: Sarinho Júnior José Maria De Aguiar , Da Silva Dantas Bárbara Tayná Santos Eugênio , Pires Vera Lúcia
Published: June 2021

Levando em conta que o estudo da língua deve assumir seu papel sócio-comunicativo a partir das ressignificações exigidas pelo texto, tanto em práticas de leitura quanto em processos de escrita, este artigo tem como objetivo principal discutir as relações imagético-verbais construídas por meio de charges produzidas por alunos/as em turmas de Ensino Médio da Educação Básica. Para tanto, utilizamos conceitos e categorias de análise propostos por Kress e van Leeuwen ([1996] 2006) em sua Gramática do Design Visual e encaminhamos as discussões com base não apenas no letramento visual (ALMEIDA, 2011; 2017; FERNANDES; ALMEIDA, 2008; SERAFINI, 2010), mas também no que diz respeito à comunicação e interação verbal (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004; JAKOBSON, 1995). Além disso, recorremos também às práticas educacionais críticas (BARBOSA; VIAN JR., 2018). Este estudo é caracterizado como pesquisa-ação, a partir de uma perspectiva qualitativo-interpretativa, e foi realizado em uma escola pública estadual da cidade de Orobó, com alunos/as da 2.ª e 3.ª séries do Ensino Médio. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de potencializar atividades de leitura e de escrita baseadas em uma abordagem crítico-reflexiva e na multimodalidade, em sala de aula, além de suscitar debates acerca de questões polêmicas, como a violência, que tem estado tão presente na sociedade atualmente, intencionando uma maximização de aspectos relacionados à consciência social.
A two-step feeding of calcium salts of fish oil improves reproductive performance in Holstein cows
Authors: Hadadi Mojtaba , Alamouti Ali A. , Alizadeh AliReza , Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh Abdollah
Published: June 2021

Aim of study: To examine the effects of a biphasic schedule of feeding n-3 fatty acids on dairy cows.Area of the study: Isfahan, Iran.Materials and methods: 140 lactating Holstein cows were allotted at calving into two groups of 70 animals and received one of two dietary treatments: 1) saturated fatty acids (SFA, containing 80% palmitic acid) or 2) calcium salt of fish oil (CSFO, containing 16% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), with an n-6/n-3 FA ratio of approximately 7 for SFA and 5 for CSFO treatments. The dietary supplements were fed to the respective groups at 240 g/head.day from 0 to 21 days in milk, and 120 g/head.day from 22 to 150 days in milk. Milk yield was recorded biweekly and milk composition was evaluated monthly. The concentration of FA in the milk and blood was determined on d-90 of the experiment in 10 cows randomly selected from each group. Reproductive indices were recorded until d-150.Main results: The CSFO supplementation did not affect average milk yield, milk composition or milk somatic cell count (SCC); however, in some weeks it decreased milk SCC (p<0.05). Plasma concentrations of palmitic acid and n-3 FA as well as milk fat concentration of EPA and DHA increased in the CSFO-fed cows (p<0.05). Feeding the CSFO decreased open days (100 vs 119 days, p<0.05), service per conception and all service conception rates (p<0.05).Research highlights: The implementation of a two-stage feeding program of n-3 FA improved reproductive variables and reduced milk SCC in dairy cows.
Evaluating the Utility of Using Text Messages to Communicate With Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Campbell Kevin J. , Blackburn Brenna E. , Erickson Jill A. , Pelt Christopher E. , Anderson Lucas A. , Peters Christopher L. , Gililland Jeremy M.
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

We evaluated the use of text messages to communicate information to patients whose surgeries were postponed because of the COVID-19 restriction on elective surgeries. Our hypothesis was that text messaging would be an effective way to convey updates.

Methods:

In this observational study, 295 patients received text messaging alerts. Eligibility included patients who had their surgery postponed and had a cell phone that received text messages. Engagement rates were determined using embedded smart links. Patient survey responses were collected.

Results:

A total of 3,032 texts were delivered. Engagement rates averaged 90%. Survey responses (n = 111) demonstrated that 98.2% of patients liked the text messages and 95.5% said that they felt more connected to their care team; 91.9% of patients agreed that the text updates helped them avoid calling the office. Patients with higher pain levels reported more frustration with their surgery delay (5.3 versus 2.8 on 1 to 10 scale, P value < 0.01). More frustrated patients wished they received more text messages (24.4% versus 4.6%, P value = 0.04) and found the content less helpful (8.2 versus 9.2 on 1 to 10 scale, P value = 0.01).

Conclusion:

Text messaging updates are an efficient way to communicate with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Community-Based Aerobic Exercise Program for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Visual or Auditory Impairments: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Baek Sora , Ha Yuncheol , Mok Jaemin , Lee Haekyung , Song Woojoo
Published: June 2021

Objective To investigate the feasibility of a public health center-based aerobic and resistance training program for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with visual, auditory, or physical/brain impairments.Methods The study included 25 adults aged >40 years who lived in Cheorwon-gun in South Korea, had a disability registered for visual, auditory, or physical/brain impairments under the Disability Welfare Act, and had either known cardiovascular disease or two or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The program comprised four education sessions and 12 weeks of customized aerobic and strengthening exercises performed twice a week at moderate intensity, with each exercise session lasting for 1 hour. The body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and 30-second sit-to-stand test results were measured at baseline and on program completion.Results Seventeen subjects (68%) completed the program. There were significant decreases in BMI and percent body fat (both p<0.05), with a significant increase in 30-second sit-to-stand strength (p<0.05) but no changes in the 6MWD. In subjects with visual or auditory impairments, BMI and percent body fat were significantly decreased after the program; however, there was no significant change in the results of the 30-second sit-to-stand strength test or the 6MWD.Conclusion In people with disabilities, a 3-month community-based exercise program can decrease body mass index and percent body fat and increase sit-to-stand strength. The 30-second sit-to-stand test may be a useful measure of the strength and endurance of the lower extremities in people with disabilities.
Non-conviction based confiscation: eerst het middel, dan de kwaal?
Authors: Gruijthuijsen L.W.A. , Smithuijsen L.M.
Published: June 2021

Non-conviction based confiscation: eerst het middel, dan de kwaal?

Minister Grapperhaus heeft aangekondigd een wetsvoorstel te zullen opstellen om non-conviction based confiscation (ontneming zonder voorafgaande veroordeling) mogelijk te maken. In dit artikel wordt aan de hand van het huidige wettelijk kader aan afpakmogelijkheden en de argumenten die de minister aanvoert, onderzocht of een dergelijke nieuwe procedure daadwerkelijk nodig is.
De gedwongen biometrische ontgrendeling van een elektronische gegevensdrager: rechtsbescherming gezocht?!
Authors: Beekhuis T. , van Toor D.A.G.
Published: June 2021

De gedwongen biometrische ontgrendeling van een elektronische gegevensdrager: rechtsbescherming gezocht?! – Noot bij HR 9 februari 2021, ECLI:NL:HR:2021:202

Annotatie bij HR 9 februari 2021, ECLI:NL:HR:2021:202. In deze annotatie wordt ingegaan op de gedwongen biometrische ontgrendeling van een smartphone en het daaropvolgende onderzoek aan de gegevens op de smartphone. Kanttekeningen worden geplaatst bij de mate van rechtsbescherming die een verdachte toekomt.
ON AN APPLICATION OF A VARIANT OF THE CLOSED GRAPH THEOREM AND THE SECANT METHOD
Authors: ARGYROS IOANNIS K.
Published: June 2021

The method of nondiscrete mathematical induction is used to find error bounds for the Secant method. We assume only that the operator has Holder continuous derivatives. In the case the Frechet­ derivative of the operator satisfies a Lipschitz condition our results reduce to the ones obtained by F. Potra (Num. Math. 1982).
INEQUALITIES OF HARDY TYPE IN TWO VARIABLES
Authors: YANG GOU-SHENG , JEAN SHOU-PING
Published: June 2021

INEQUALITIES OF HARDY TYPE IN TWO VARIABLES
COMPACT LIE GROUP ACTIONS ON ASPHERICAL $A_k(\pi)$-MANIFOLDS
Authors: TANG DINGYI
Published: June 2021

Let M be an aspberical $A_k(\pi)$-manifold and $\pi'$-torsion-free, where $\pi'$ is some quotient group of $\pi$. We prove that

(1) Suppose the Eu­ler characteristic $\mathcal{X}(M) \neq 0$ and $G$ is compact Lie group acting effectively on $M$, then $G$ is finite group

(2) The semisimple degree of symmetry of $M$ $N_T^s \le (n - k)(n - k+1)/2$. We also unity many well-known results with simpler proofs.
ON WEAKLY $\alpha$-CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS
Authors: SEN ASIT KUMAR , BHATTACHARYYA P.
Published: June 2021

The concept of weakly $\alpha$-continuous functions has been in­ troduced by T. Noiri [16]. In this paper the class of weakly a-continuous functions is further investigated and the interrelationship between this class of mappings and other relevant classes are established. Relation­ ship between weakly $\alpha$-continuous mappings and some separation axioms has also been studied.
Fundamentos estratégicos promovendo a capacidade de inovação em negócios tradicionais e de impacto social
Authors: Ronzani Célia Maria , Da Costa Priscila Rezende , De Paiva Eliane Martins , Pigola Angelica
Published: June 2021

A Capacidade de Inovação (CI) e os Fundamentos Estratégicos (FE) são elementos potencialmente relevantes à diferenciação dos Negócios Tradicionais (NT), pois podem contribuir para a geração de inovação tecnológica. No entanto, uma questão importante é investigar se esses elementos são igualmente importantes para os Negócios de Impacto Social (NIS) que geram inovação social. Nesse contexto, buscaram-se respostas para a questão de pesquisa, como os fundamentos estratégicos (FE) (missão, visão, valores e estrutura) podem contribuir para a capacidade de inovação (CI) de NT e NIS?  A fim de buscar resposta a essa questão o objetivo desse estudo é investigar as contribuições dos FE para a mobilização de recursos que fomentam a CI em NT e aqueles que promovem Inovação Social. Nesta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e descritiva, adotou-se como método o estudo de caso múltiplo, sendo as unidades de análises: um NT, a BRAILE, e um NIS, o CREN. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e levantamento de documentos. Para a interpretação dos dados, adotou-se a análise de conteúdo com o auxílio do software Atlas.Ti, para a organização e codificação dos dados. Os principais resultados apontam que os FE em todas as suas subdivisões fomentaram a CI nas duas empresas. A pesquisa contribui para o entendimento de que os NIS precisam de uma estrutura organizacional estabelecida, como ocorre nos NT (com fins lucrativos).
Governança de projetos na administração pública: uma revisão sistemática da literatura internacional
Authors: Oliveira Lucena João Paulo , De Medeiros Junior Josué Vitor , De Oliveira Mariane Araújo
Published: June 2021

O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi verificar os estudos existentes acerca da governança de projetos na administração pública. Para isso, utilizou-se uma adaptação do protocolo de Tranfield, Denyer e Smart (2003) como norteador da execução da revisão, originalmente com três estágios e nove fases. Os dados foram coletados em duas bases de dados internacionais, a Scopus e a Web of Sience. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, com auxílio do software EndNote®, chegou-se a uma amostra com 13 trabalhos para análise. Foi elaborada uma caracterização geral dessas publicações, em que se apresentam os periódicos onde estes trabalhos foram publicados, autores, Qualis CAPES, ano de publicação e forma de abordagem. Na sequência, foi realizada uma análise destes trabalhos de maneira que se constatou sete temas principais de pesquisa: interface governança-gerenciamento, propriedade, estruturas de governança, práticas de governança, garantias de qualidade, desempenho e interação governança contratual-relacional. A principal contribuição deste trabalho foi ter verificado o estado da arte sobre a temática e ressaltado que, embora este tema não seja incipiente, a produção sobre ele ainda é escassa e que há um vasto campo para exploração.
Association between cholera treatment outcome and nutritional status in children aged 2–4 years in Nigeria
Authors: Bragança Lima M. V. , Hinderaker S. G. , Ogundipe O. F. , Owiti P. O. , Kadai B. , Maikere J.
Published: June 2021

SETTING: Cholera can aggravate or precipitate malnutrition, and children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) have a higher incidence and longer duration of diarrhoea.OBJECTIVE: To describe 1) characteristics of and treatment outcomes in children aged 2–4 years
with cholera, 2) the case fatality rate (CFR) in all children treated, and 3) the associations between nutritional status, hydration status, treatment administered and hospital outcomes.DESIGN: An observational cohort study of children admitted to one cholera treatment centre in
Maiduguri, Nigeria, with a focus on children aged 2–4 years. CFRs were examined by cross tabulation and mean length of stay (LOS) using analysis of variance.RESULTS: SAM was identified in 24% of children aged 2–4 years. The CFR for children aged 2–4 years was 1.4%.
As the sample size was small, we did not find any association between nutritional status and death due to cholera. The proportion of children discharged within 2 days was 79%, and the longest stay was 8 days. In general, health facility LOS increased with severity of malnutrition.CONCLUSION:
Our study found that nutritional status affected the LOS, but was unable to find an association between malnutrition and fatality among children aged 2–4 years.
Laboratory comparison of stool processing methods for Xpert® Ultra
Authors: Jasumback C. L. , Dlamini Q. , Kahari J. , Maphalala G. , Dlamini M. G. , Dube G. S. , DiNardo A. , Kirchner H. L. , Mandalakas A. , Kay A. W.
Published: June 2021

TB disease diagnosis in children is difficult due to non-specific symptoms, paucibacillary disease and the need for invasive procedures to obtain diagnostic specimens. In many settings, these specimens are simply not collected and therefore stool, easily obtained, has emerged as a promising
specimen for the diagnosis of child TB. In this study, stool from a healthy adult was spiked with known concentrations of bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine and tested using the Xpert® Ultra assay to determine the relative detection and error rate associated with four different
published stool processing methods.
TB contact tracing for young children: an Australian cascade of care review
Authors: Moyo N. , Tay E. L , Nolan A. , Graham H. R. , Graham S. M. , Denholm J. T.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate care cascades for programmatic active case finding and latent TB infection (LTBI) management in young child TB contacts (aged <5 years) in Victoria, Australia.DESIGN: This was a retrospective review of public health surveillance data to identify
contacts of all pulmonary TB cases notified from 2016 to 2019.RESULTS: Contact tracing identified 574 young child contacts of 251 pulmonary TB cases. Active TB was found in 28 (4.9%) contacts, none of whom had previously received bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination, and 529
were tested for TB infection using the tuberculin skin test (TST). The overall TST positivity was 15.3% (95% CI 0.1–0.2). Among the 574 children, 150 (26.1%) were close contacts of sputum smear-positive cases and 25 (16.7%) of these were not referred to TB clinics. Of the 125 referred,
81 were considered to have LTBI, 79 agreed to commence TB preventive treatment (TPT) and 71 (89.9%) completed TPT. Following completion of TPT, no child was subsequently diagnosed with active TB.CONCLUSION: There was a high yield from active case finding and uptake of TPT. Notable
losses in the cascade of care occurred around referral to tertiary clinics, but high treatment completion rates and good outcomes were found in those prescribed treatment.
Grundgesetz vs. Grundrechtecharta? Zur „europäisierten Grundrechtsprüfung“ des BVerfG nach den Beschlüssen zum „Recht auf Vergessen“ und „Europäischer Haftbefehl III“
Authors: Preßlein David
Published: June 2021

Das Verhältnis zwischen dem EuGH und den nationalen Verfassungsgerichten hat gerade im Bereich des Grundrechtsschutzes im Mehrebenensystem eine bewegte Vergangenheit. Suchte der Zweite Senat des BVerfG mit der erstmaligen Aktivierung der ultra-vires-Kontrolle im PSPP-Urteil die Konfrontation mit dem EuGH, zeigte sich der Erste Senat in den Beschlüssen zum „Recht auf Vergessen“ versöhnlicher: Erstmalig sollen auch die Unionsgrundrechte Prüfungsmaßstab vor dem BVerfG sein. Der Zweite Senat hat dies nun bestätigt. Der Beitrag setzt sich mit diesen Beschlüssen und der dortigen Argumentation kritisch auseinander, analysiert die Rechtslage davor und danach, würdigt die Folgewirkungen rechtlich sowie grundrechtspolitisch und zeigt auch mögliche Einflüsse auf die EMRK auf.
Punitive Einstellungen unter Studierenden der Sozialen Arbeit. Eine kriminologische Befragung an sieben Hochschulen Deutschlands
Authors: Cornel Heinz , Graebsch Christine , Höynck Theresia , König Andrej , Lindenberg Michael , Mönig Ulrike , Schneider Sabine , Trenczek Thomas
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag berichtet von einer Befragung an sieben Studiengängen der Sozialen Arbeit zu punitiven Einstellungen unter den Studierenden und stellt erste Ergebnisse vor. Dabei wird zum einen deutlich, dass Strafeinstellungen unter diesen Studierenden zu Beginn ihres Studiums nicht so selten sind und dass sie diese Einstellungen zum zweiten teilweise mit Erziehungskonzeptionen legitimieren. Die vom Arbeitskreis der HochschullehrerInnen der Kriminologie und Straffälligenhilfe in der Sozialen Arbeit durchgeführte Studie wird zurzeit durch eine zeitversetzte Erhebung am Ende des Studiums an den gleichen Hochschulen fortgesetzt, um Effekte des Studierens hinsichtlich strafrechtlicher, kriminologischer und kriminalpolitischer Inhalte zu erheben.
Oral Language Assessment in the Preschool and Primary Grades: Definitions, Measures, and Theoretical Lens
Authors: Heppner Denise Hudspith
Published: June 2021

The overarching goal of this literature review is to improve the understanding of the importance of oral language to critical emergent literacy skills and provide an overview of available assessment measures for use within the classroom.  An overview of the components of language (i.e., content, form, and use) is provided.  Measures of oral language gleaned from a comprehensive literature review of the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) database are discussed, organized according to the components of language they are assessing.  An examination of the theoretical foundations of language acquisition and development provides an orienting framework for educators.
ADAPTATION OF A COMPANY TO THE ENVIRONMENT AS A DETERMINANT OF BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
Authors: Borovac Zekan Senka , Vrdoljak Raguž Ivona , Peronja Ivan
Published: June 2021

For many years, a sustainable competitive advantage has been an imperative in the business of a modern company. One of the most important factors in gaining a competitive advantage is the adaptation of the company to its external environment. The environment in which modern companies operate is dynamic, uncertain and complex, and it is to be expected that the ability to adapt will become the most important competitive advantage of the 21st century companies that will enable them to achieve better and improved performance. However, there is still a rather small number of scientific research that link the adaptation of a company to its environment with achieved financial and non-financial performance of a company. This paper aims at examining the implied relationship between so-called flexible companies, and financial and non-financial business performance measures. The results of the research indicate the existence of a positive relationship between companies with more dominant characteristics of adaptive companies and non-financial measures of business performance.
Establishment of H3K9me3-dependent heterochromatin during embryogenesis in Drosophila miranda
Authors: Wei Kevin H-C , Chan Carolus , Bachtrog Doris
Published: June 2021

Heterochromatin is a key architectural feature of eukaryotic genomes crucial for silencing of repetitive elements. During Drosophila embryonic cellularization, heterochromatin rapidly appears over repetitive sequences, but the molecular details of how heterochromatin is established are poorly understood. Here, we map the genome-wide distribution of H3K9me3-dependent heterochromatin in individual embryos of Drosophila miranda at precisely staged developmental time points. We find that canonical H3K9me3 enrichment is established prior to cellularization and matures into stable and broad heterochromatin domains through development. Intriguingly, initial nucleation sites of H3K9me3 enrichment appear as early as embryonic stage 3 over transposable elements (TEs) and progressively broaden, consistent with spreading to neighboring nucleosomes. The earliest nucleation sites are limited to specific regions of a small number of recently active retrotransposon families and often appear over promoter and 5’ regions of LTR retrotransposons, while late nucleation sites develop broadly across the entirety of most TEs. Interestingly, early nucleating TEs are strongly associated with abundant maternal piRNAs and show early zygotic transcription. These results support a model of piRNA-associated co-transcriptional silencing while also suggesting additional mechanisms for site-restricted H3K9me3 nucleation at TEs in pre-cellular Drosophila embryos.
The temporal representation of experience in subjective mood
Authors: Keren Hanna , Zheng Charles , Jangraw David C , Chang Katharine , Vitale Aria , Rutledge Robb B , Pereira Francisco , Nielson Dylan M , Stringaris Argyris
Published: June 2021

Humans refer to their mood state regularly in day-to-day as well as clinical interactions. Theoretical accounts suggest that when reporting on our mood we integrate over the history of our experiences; yet, the temporal structure of this integration remains unexamined. Here, we use a computational approach to quantitatively answer this question and show that early events exert a stronger influence on reported mood (a primacy weighting) compared to recent events. We show that a Primacy model accounts better for mood reports compared to a range of alternative temporal representations across random, consistent, or dynamic reward environments, different age groups, and in both healthy and depressed participants. Moreover, we find evidence for neural encoding of the Primacy, but not the Recency, model in frontal brain regions related to mood regulation. These findings hold implications for the timing of events in experimental or clinical settings and suggest new directions for individualized mood interventions.
Tetrahydroxanthohumol, a xanthohumol derivative, attenuates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by antagonizing PPARγ
Authors: Zhang Yang , Bobe Gerd , Miranda Cristobal L , Lowry Malcolm B , Hsu Victor L , Lohr Christiane V , Wong Carmen P , Jump Donald B , Robinson Matthew M , Sharpton Thomas J , Maier Claudia S , Stevens Jan F , Gombart Adrian F
Published: June 2021

We previously reported xanthohumol (XN), and its synthetic derivative tetrahydro-XN (TXN), attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome in C57Bl/6J mice. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of XN and TXN on lipid accumulation in the liver. Non-supplemented mice were unable to adapt their caloric intake to 60% HFD, resulting in obesity and hepatic steatosis; however, TXN reduced weight gain and decreased hepatic steatosis. Liver transcriptomics indicated that TXN might antagonize lipogenic PPARγ actions in vivo. XN and TXN inhibited rosiglitazone-induced 3T3-L1 cell differentiation concomitant with decreased expression of lipogenesis-related genes. A peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) competitive binding assay showed that XN and TXN bind to PPARγ with an IC50 similar to pioglitazone and 8–10 times stronger than oleate. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated that XN and TXN bind in the PPARγ ligand-binding domain pocket. Our findings are consistent with XN and TXN acting as antagonists of PPARγ.
The cryptic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal system of human basal ganglia
Authors: Skrapits Katalin , Sárvári Miklós , Farkas Imre , Göcz Balázs , Takács Szabolcs , Rumpler Éva , Váczi Viktória , Vastagh Csaba , Rácz Gergely , Matolcsy András , Solymosi Norbert , Póliska Szilárd , Tóth Blanka , Erdélyi Ferenc , Szabó Gábor , Culler Michael D , Allet Cecile , Cotellessa Ludovica , Prévot Vincent , Giacobini Paolo , Hrabovszky Erik
Published: June 2021

Human reproduction is controlled by ~2000 hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of additional ~150,000–200,000 GnRH-synthesizing cells in the human basal ganglia and basal forebrain. Nearly all extrahypothalamic GnRH neurons expressed the cholinergic marker enzyme choline acetyltransferase. Similarly, hypothalamic GnRH neurons were also cholinergic both in embryonic and adult human brains. Whole-transcriptome analysis of cholinergic interneurons and medium spiny projection neurons laser-microdissected from the human putamen showed selective expression of GNRH1 and GNRHR1 autoreceptors in the cholinergic cell population and uncovered the detailed transcriptome profile and molecular connectome of these two cell types. Higher-order non-reproductive functions regulated by GnRH under physiological conditions in the human basal ganglia and basal forebrain require clarification. The role and changes of GnRH/GnRHR1 signaling in neurodegenerative disorders affecting cholinergic neurocircuitries, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, need to be explored.
Efficient classification of COVID-19 CT scans by using q-transform model for feature extraction
Authors: Al-Azawi Razi J. , Al-Saidi Nadia M.G. , Jalab Hamid A. , Kahtan Hasan , Ibrahim Rabha W.
Published: June 2021

The exponential growth in computer technology throughout the past two decades has facilitated the development of advanced image analysis techniques which aid the field of medical imaging. CT is a widely used medical screening method used to obtain high resolution images of the human body. CT has been proven useful in the screening of the virus that is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic by allowing physicians to rule out suspected infections based on the appearance of the lungs from the CT scan. Based on this, we hereby propose an intelligent yet efficient CT scan-based COVID-19 classification algorithm that is able to discriminate negative from positive cases by evaluating the appearance of lungs. The algorithm is comprised of four main steps: preprocessing, features extraction, features reduction, and classification. In preprocessing, we employ the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) to adjust the contrast of the image to enhance the details of the input image. We then apply the q-transform method to extract features from the CT scan. This method measures the grey level intensity of the pixels which reflects the features of the image. In the feature reduction step, we measure the mean, skewness and standard deviation to reduce overhead and improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Finally, “k-nearest neighbor”, “decision tree”, and “support vector machine” are used as classifiers to classify the cases. The experimental results show accuracy rates of 98%, 98%, and 98.25% for each of the classifiers, respectively. It is therefore concluded that the proposed method is efficient, accurate, and flexible. Overall, we are confident that the proposed algorithm is capable of achieving a high classification accuracy under different scenarios, which makes it suitable for implementation in real-world applications.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of UBP gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Xu Miaoze , Jin Peng , Liu Tingting , Gao Shiqi , Zhang Tianye , Zhang Fan , Han Xiaolei , He Long , Chen Jianping , Yang Jian
Published: June 2021

Ubiquitination is essential for plant growth and development. Deubiquitination cooperates with ubiquitination to regulate the ubiquitination levels of target proteins. The ubiquitin-specific protease (UBP) family is the largest group of deubiquitinases (DUBs), which perform extensive and significant roles in eukaryotic organisms. However, the UBP genes in wheat (TaUBPs) are not identified, and the functions of TaUBPs are unknown. The present study identified 97 UBP genes in the whole genome of T. aestivum. These genes were divided into 15 groups and non-randomly distributed on chromosomes of T. aestivum. Analyses of evolutionary patterns revealed that TaUBPs mainly underwent purification selection. The studies of cis-acting regulatory elements indicated that they might be involved in response to hormones. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that TaUBPs were differentially expressed in different tissues. Besides, several TaUBPs were significantly up-regulated when plants were treated with salicylic acid (SA), implying that these DUBs may play a role in abiotic stress responses in plants and few TaUBPs displayed differential expression after viral infection. Furthermore, TaUBP1A.1 (TraesCS1A02G432600.1) silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) facilitates Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) infection in wheat, indicating that TaUBP1A.1 may be involved in a defense mechanism against viruses. This study comprehensively analyzed the UBP gene family in wheat and provided a basis for further research of TaUBPs functions in wheat plant response to viral infection.
Impact of COVID-19 on SMEs and the Role of Digitalization
Authors: Hamburg Ileana
Published: June 2021

Small and medium sized companies (SMEs) should be drivers for national economies, also providing opportunities for socio-economic participation and mobility. But SMEs, more than bigger companies, have experienced difficulties during Covid-19 due to less customer demand for goods and services, limited resources and problems with digitalization. All these facts require rapid change in SME strategies. Based on literature research and on work with SMEs undertaken by the author during European projects, the goal of this communication paper is to illustrate some difficulties experienced by SMEs due to COVID-19 and problems they have with digitalization and skill gaps, as well as measures which could help them. First, the impact of Covid-19 on SMEs and the role of digitalization in their recovery and further developments are presented. Second, certain structures required within SMEs and necessary skills and competences are described in this context. Proposals are then made for reskilling processes within workplace learning and other learning approaches to improve the skills and competences necessary for SME recovery processes.

Lifelong learning (LLL) plays an important role in addressing the skills gap between what students have traditionally learned in formal education and the needs of employers and the labor market. LLL should be more connected with other forms of training/learning, digitally supported, interdisciplinary and practically oriented in order to contribute towards achieving the new skills and competences necessary during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and to promote digitalization as a driver to success. The paper also presents examples of the work of the Study Group Lifelong Learning of the IAT, coordinated by the author, and conclusions.
How Good Government Governance Affect the Economic Growth? An Investigation on Selected Country around the World
Authors: Fathia Syaharani Noer
Published: June 2021

Good governance has become an important factor in economic growth. Good governance will become one of the UN's Millennium Development Goals. This study aims to show whether indicators of good government governance can affect the economic growth of a country so that the country can control economic growth through its governance. The Economic Growth and The governance indicators which drawn by Worldwide Governance Indicators for 2015-2019. The study covered 73 countries and it adopted the panel data framework the fixed effect, the random effect and the maximum likelihood estimation techniques for the analyses. The results shows that the voice and accountability have negative effect. Variable government effectiveness and rule of law have positive effect. Meanwhile, the political stability, regulatory quality, and control of corruption variables had no effect on economic growth. The study suggest for further researchers to provide other variables and expand research time.
Upright (45°) Versus Supine Position for Intubation in Intracranial Bleed Patients
Authors: Zardari Hadi Bux , Khan Inayat Ali , Jillani M. Z. , Lakho Aftab Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Objective: To find out the effective method of endotracheal intubation among patients of intracranial bleed.

Methods: A quasi experimental research was performed at emergency department of Ziauddin University Hospital Karachi. 236 intracranial bleed patients were selected by consecutive sampling, half of them were intubated at upright position (45°) and remaining half at supine position. Patients of musculoskeletal deformities, ischemic stroke and previously intubated were excluded. Success or failure of endotracheal tube was confirmed by measuring oxygen saturation and audible breath sounds on chest.

Results: Success rate of endotracheal placement (p-value <0.001) was high in upright position 115 (97.5%) as compared to supine position 90 (76.3%). Similarly, endotracheal tube placement attempts (p-value <0.001) and completion time (p-value <0.001) was low in upright position 1.1 ± 0.4 and 62.9 ± 24.9 sec as compared to supine position 1.5 ± 0.9 and 90.2 ± 67.9 sec.

Conclusion: Endotracheal intubation of intracranial bleed patient at upright position is more successful, effective, less painful in terms of number of attempts and less time consuming as compared to supine position.
Update on COVID-19 Infection and Ivermectin Treatment
Authors: Eedee Konne Felix , Roseline Emeji
Published: June 2021

Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause disease in mammals and birds. COVID-19 infection is caused by a single stranded RNA virus called SARS-CoV-2 that is similar to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The aim of this review is to identify how COVID-19 infects man, the preventive approach and treatment possibility with ivermectin drug. The possible main source of transmission is thought to be a close contact with infected person or animal and respiratory droplets while the mucous membrane; conjunctiva, mouth, nasal cavity, and throat are the main routes of transmission. The virus enters the human through the ACE2 receptor which are found in the mucous membrane. This is an important step for coronavirus infection establishment. To stay safe from coronavirus, physical distancing, wearing of face mask, keeping rooms well ventilated, avoiding crowds, cleaning/washing your hands, the use of hand sanitizers and coughing into a bent elbow are precautionary measures to avoid contracting the infection. Ivemectin blocks the initiation of the binding of the viral protein to the cytoplasmic receptor (imp α/β). The inhibitory role of ivemectin prevents further increase in the viral load. Ivermectin drug could be a remarkable medical breakthrough for the lasting treatment of the infection; however, more clinical trials are suggested in this area.
Analysis of Cultural and Pathogenic Diversity in Bipolaris sorokiniana Causing Spot Blotch of Bread Wheat in North India
Authors: Chauhan Amit , Mishra Lokesh K. , Singh R. V. , Singh Ramji
Published: June 2021

Present study was conducted to analyse the cultural and pathogenic diversity in different isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana the causal organism of spot blotch in bread wheat. Six isolates of Biplorais sorokiniana (BS-F-5, BS-D-2, BS-K,4, BS-DWR-K-1, BS-V-6, and BS-P-3) were evaluated simultaneously for cultural and pathogenic variability on the basis of diverse characteristics against seven different genotypes of wheat grown in the region viz: BOW’S’, HS 375, HUW 234, PBW 343, PBW 443, K9107 and A9-30-1. The results indicated that isolates varied significantly among themselves for all the characters analysed. The isolate BS-F-5 exhibited the maximum colony diameter, maximum average dimension (length and width) of conidiophore, maximum number of septa in conidiophore and conidia. Variations were also observed in texture of the colony. Among the seven genotypes tested against six isolates, BOW’S’ showed resistance against three isolates (BS-D-2, BS-K,4, BS-DWR-K-1) and genotype A-9-30-1 showed high susceptibility against all isolates except BS-D-2. The isolates BS-F-5 and BS-P-3 exhibited maximum pathogenic virulence among the isolates analysed in the present investigation.
Analysis of Method of Axillary Crutch Measurement
Authors: Amaeze Augustine Amaeze , Amaeze Ngozi F. , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Ezema Charles I. , Onwudiwe Chukwudi Uchenna , N. Eze Clementina , Egbumike Chukwuenyegom Joseph
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine which of the 3 methods axillary measurement best predict ideal crutch length. Ideal crutch length is defined as the length of the crutch, including accessories, obtained during stance when the crutch tip is 15.2cm lateral and 15.2cm anterior to fifth toe and the axillary pad is 6.4cm below the axillary fold. Two hundred and twenty-four (224) volunteers were measured for crutches using each of the following methods: 77% of actual height; actual height minus 40.6cm and anterior axillary fold to heel in supine position with arm adducted. The result of the calculation were statistically significant (p<0.01). However, 77% of actual height and actual height minus 40.6cm had the strongest relationship to the ideal crutch length r (person Product Moment Correlation Coefficient) = 0.941; r2 (linear regression correlation coefficient) = 0.89; p<0.01. Axillary fold heel method had r =0.917: r2= 0.84; P<0.01.
O2 and H2O are each the source of one O in NO−2 produced from NH3 by Nitrosomonas: 15N‐NMR evidence
Authors: Andersson Kristoffer K. , Hooper Alan B.
Published: July 2002

The exchange of 18O between H2
18O and exogeneously added 15N16O−
2 which occurs during oxidation of ammonia by Nitrosomonas is shown to occur one oxygen at a time. Conditions in which the exchange is diminished (notably the presence of 14NO–
2 and CCCP) allowed demonstration that water and dioxygen are each the source of one oxygen in nitrite produced from 15NH3. The nitrate produced in the presence of 18O2 consisted of 67 and 0% 15N18O16O− and 15N18O18O−, respectively. Analysis was made using the 18O‐isotope shift in 15N‐NMR.
Purification and partial characterization of spinach leaf glycerate kinase
Authors: Kleczkowski Leszek A. , Randall Douglas D.
Published: July 2002

Glycerate kinase from spinach leaves was purified to near homogeneity using PEG/MgCl2 fractionation, ion exchange, molecular sieving and affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme is a monomer of M
r 40 000, shows a pI‐value of 4.8 and a broad pH optimum of 6.5–8.5 and is specific for D‐isomer of glycerate. The high activity of crude enzyme (≈ 150 μmol. h−1.mg chl−1) indicates that glycerate kinase does not limit the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle.
The disulphide bridges of human cystatin C (γ‐trace) and chicken cystatin
Authors: Grubb Anders , Löfberg Helge , Barrett Alan J.
Published: July 2002

Human cystatin C, a powerful physiological protein inhibitor of cathepsins B, H and L, contains two disulphide bridges, at least one of which is essential to its inhibitory activity. The positions of these bridges in the single polypeptide chain of the protein have been determined by diagonal paper electrophoresis. The cysteine residues at positions 73 and 83 form one bridge, and those at positions 97 and 117 form the other. In the homologous cystatin of chicken egg‐white, the disulphides are Cys 71–Cys 81, and Cys 95–Cys 115.