bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiscale enhanced non‐uniform transformation field analysis
Authors: Mishra A. , Carrara P. , Marfia S. , Sacco E. , De Lorenzis L.
Published: May 2024

Enhanced transformation field analysis (E‐TFA), recently proposed for reduced‐order modeling, is here formulated for and applied to multiscale analysis. The approach is able to reproduce a highly complex nonlinear macroscale behavior, resulting from a microstructure with cohesive interfaces embedded in an elasto‐plastic bulk. E‐TFA features a consistent tangent matrix in its solution procedure, which enables a straightforward definition of the upscaled tangent stiffness tensor. Numerical tests show that, compared to FE, the proposed approach yields accurate solutions at a lower computational cost.
Dismantling Christian hegemony: Religious identity as a pathway to fully embrace DEIJ in philanthropy
Authors: Drezner Noah D.
Published: May 2024

This essay explores the crucial yet often overlooked role of religious identity in philanthropy, focusing on how Christian hegemony influences the sector's practices and priorities. While scholars have extensively studied the impact of social identities such as race, gender, and sexuality on philanthropic giving, the significance of religious diversity remains largely neglected. Building upon the existing literature, this essay argues that understanding and embracing religious diversity is essential for fully realizing diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ) within philanthropy.
Molecular dynamics simulation and mechanical properties study of TiO2/polyisoprene composites
Authors: Tai Zhe , Guo Zhangxin , Niu Weijing , Chai Gin Boay , Qin Chen , Li Yongcun
Published: May 2024

In this study, the molecular structure and mechanical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyisoprene (PI) composites were investigated using molecular dynamics simulation methods. Firstly, the models of TiO2 particles and PI matrix were constructed and optimized using Materials Studio software. The molecular structure evolution of the material at different temperatures and loading conditions was obtained by Lammps simulation, and the interaction mechanism between TiO2 particles and PI molecules was analyzed. The tensile and compressive mechanical properties of TiO2/PI composite materials were studied, and simulation results showed that the addition of TiO2 particles significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composite material, increasing its elastic modulus and tensile strength. The mechanical behavior of TiO2/PI composite materials under different loading conditions was further elucidated. In addition, the influence of temperature on the mechanical properties of TiO2/PI composite materials was also studied. Simulation results showed that the composite materials exhibited good thermal stability and mechanical properties at lower temperatures. In conclusion, this study provides an in‐depth investigation of the molecular structure evolution and mechanical properties of TiO2/PI composites through molecular dynamics simulations, which provides theoretical guidance for optimizing their properties in practical applications.

Highlights

Explored titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyisoprene (PI) composite mechanics at the molecular level.

Revealed the interaction mechanism between TiO2 particles and PI.

Studied composite material mechanics under diverse loads.

Stress–strain curves to analyze the deformation behavior.

Studied temperature and strain rate effects on mechanical properties.
Mechanical performance of denture acrylic resin modified with poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid‐co‐maleic anhydride) sodium salt and strontium titanate
Authors: Elhmali Houda Taher , Stajcic Ivana , Petrovic Milos , Jankovic Bojan , Simovic Bojana , Stajcic Aleksandar , Radojevic Vesna
Published: May 2024

Since acrylate‐based materials are widely used in dentistry, their drawbacks such as low impact resistance and hardness, require continuous research in the field of materials science in order to avoid sudden fracture caused by chewing or fall. In this study, auto‐polymerizing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), commonly used as denture base material, was reinforced with poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid‐co‐maleic anhydride) sodium salt (PSSMA) and strontium titanate (STO), with the aim of improving impact behavior and microhardness. Morphological analysis confirmed formation of phase‐separated and co‐continuous microscopic structures of PSSMA in PMMA, without visible agglomerates of STO nanoparticles, indicating that PSSMA‐STO interaction contributed to a better distribution of nanoparticles. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy revealed that PSSMA and STO did not interfere in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. This was further supported by thermal analysis, which also showed that the addition of PSSMA and STO had no significant influence on thermal degradation. On the other side, PSSMA and STO significantly enhanced mechanical performance of PMMA. The modulus of elasticity increased by up to 48.6%, total absorbed impact energy improved by up to 108.4%, and microhardness increased by up to 272.8% when PSSMA was combined with STO for reinforcing denture PMMA. These results demonstrate the significant potential of PSSMA, which could be combined with other ceramic nanoparticles for denture reinforcement in the future.

Highlights

This research presents novel dental hybrid composite.

Influence of strontium titanate (STO) and poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid‐co‐maleic anhydride) sodium salt (PSSMA) on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was investigated.

PSSMA/STO improved modulus of elasticity, microhardness and impact resistance.

Sample with 5 wt% PSSMA and 1 wt% STO showed the highest improvement compared to PMMA.

Presented hybrid composite could use as denture base material.
Integrating UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS and UPLC‐DAD to evaluate the influence of sulfur‐fumigated Paeoniae Radix Alba on the overall quality of three Si‐Wu‐Tang formulations
Authors: Wang Jun‐Jie , Hao Cai‐Feng , Huang Pei‐Yao , Qin Xiang‐Ling , Zhou Shan‐Shan , Xu Jin‐Di , Mao Qian , Li Song‐Lin , Kong Ming
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Sulfur‐fumigation of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA) could induce the chemical transformation of its bioactive component paeoniflorin into a sulfur‐containing derivative paeoniflorin sulfite, and thus alter the quality, bioactivities, pharmacokinetics, and toxicities of PRA. However, how sulfur‐fumigated PRA (S‐PRA) affects the quality of PRA‐containing complex preparations has not been intensively evaluated.

Objectives

We intend to evaluate the influence of S‐PRA on the overall quality of three kinds of Si‐Wu‐Tang (SWT) formulations, i.e., decoction (SWT‐D), granule (SWT‐G), and mixture (SWT‐M).

Material and Methods

An UPLC‐DAD multi‐components quantification method was used to compare the transfer rates of paeoniflorin sulfite and other 10 bioactive components between S‐PRA‐containing and NS‐PRA‐containing SWT formulations. An UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS‐based target metabolomics approach was applied to explore the differential sulfur‐containing derivatives in S‐PRA‐containing SWT formulations.

Results

The transfer rates of paeoniflorin sulfite in three S‐PRA‐containing SWT formulations were all higher than 100%. Moreover, S‐PRA also increased the transfer rate of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, 1,2,3,4,6‐O‐pentagalloylglucose, whereas decreased that of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, and ferulic acid in three SWT formulations. Six pinane monoterpene glucoside sulfites originally identified in S‐PRA, were also detectable in three S‐PRA‐containing SWT formulations. In addition, seven phenolic acid sulfites including (3Z)‐6‐sulfite‐ligustilide, (3E)‐6‐sulfite‐ligustilide, 6,8‐disulfite‐ligustilide, ferulic acid sulfite, neochlorogenic acid sulfite, chlorogenic acid sulfite, and angelicide sulfite (or isomer) were newly identified in these three S‐PRA‐containing formulations.

Conclusion

S‐PRA could differentially affect the transfer rate of paeoniflorin sulfite and other bioactive components during the preparation of three SWT formulations and subsequently the overall quality thereof.
The sensitivity of the ICD‐11 trait model to the symptoms of clinical disorders in young adults
Authors: Khazaie Habibolah , Rezaei Farzin , Faridmarandi Behrooz , Zakiei Ali , Jananeh Minoo , Mahdavi Sahar , Nazari Amin , Komasi Saeid
Published: May 2024

Hierarchical psychopathology contributes to providing a broader picture of the links between emerging personality structures such as the DSM‐5/ICD‐11 trait models and clinical disorders. The present study aimed to predict the specific and general clinical symptoms by the less studied constructs of the ICD‐11 model (negative affectivity, detachment, dissociality, disinhibition, and anankastia). Data from 642 young adults from Iran (63% female, 18–34 years) were collected by three mental symptom scales and the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 (PID‐5), which was recently used to harmonize the constructs of the DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 trait models. Multiple linear regressions showed that the ICD‐11 model significantly predicted both the specific clinical symptoms (ranging from R2 = 0.15 to 0.40) and the general factor of clinical symptoms extracted by exploratory factor analysis (R2 = 0.40, all p < 0.001). Negative affectivity was the strongest construct correlated with both the specific symptoms (ranging from β = 0.36 to 0.69) and the general symptom factor (β = 0.59, all p < 0.001). Because the ICD‐11 trait model is a practical structure related to the clinical psychopathology in young adults, screening for maladaptive traits can help clinicians in case formulation for diagnosis and treatment.
Understanding bacterial pathogen diversity: A proteogenomic analysis and use of an array of genome assemblies to identify novel virulence factors of the honey bee bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae
Authors: Erban Tomas , Sopko Bruno
Published: May 2024

Mass spectrometry proteomics data are typically evaluated against publicly available annotated sequences, but the proteogenomics approach is a useful alternative. A single genome is commonly utilized in custom proteomic and proteogenomic data analysis. We pose the question of whether utilizing numerous different genome assemblies in a search database would be beneficial. We reanalyzed raw data from the exoprotein fraction of four reference Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) I–IV genotypes of the honey bee bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae and evaluated them against three reference databases (from NCBI‐protein, RefSeq, and UniProt) together with an array of protein sequences generated by six‐frame direct translation of 15 genome assemblies from GenBank. The wide search yielded 453 protein hits/groups, which UpSet analysis categorized into 50 groups based on the success of protein identification by the 18 database components. Nine hits that were not identified by a unique peptide were not considered for marker selection, which discarded the only protein that was not identified by the reference databases. We propose that the variability in successful identifications between genome assemblies is useful for marker mining. The results suggest that various strains of P. larvae can exhibit specific traits that set them apart from the established genotypes ERIC I–V.
The over‐35s: prediabetes and diabetes within an EIP service
Authors: Bandgar Rasika , Kelbrick Marlene , Paduret Gabriela , Jugon Sue
Published: May 2024

Little is known about the rates of prediabetes and diabetes in those over the age of 35 years in UK early intervention for psychosis (EIP) services. In this article, the authors discuss their retrospective case note service evaluation of patients within an NHS EIP service where they evaluate the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in the ‘over‐35’ cohort, its monitoring and management. The ‘over‐35’ cohort represented a third of the EIP caseload and is a high‐risk group for prediabetes and diabetes. More research and innovative strategies are needed in terms of both lifestyle and pharmacological interventions in this patient population to reduce the risk of developing, and improve management of type 2 diabetes.
Non‐pharmacological interventions in ID patients with challenging behaviours
Authors: Ogley Rob , Javaid Amir , Chear Li Juin
Published: May 2024

The STOMP (stopping over‐medication of people with a learning disability, autism or both with psychotropic medicines) initiative and NICE guidelines regarding the management of challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disability (ID) promote the use of non‐pharmacological approaches ahead of medication, with an emphasis also on reducing dosage or stopping medication where appropriate. Here the authors report on the findings of a service evaluation looking at how often a community intellectual disability psychiatry clinic initiates non‐pharmacological approaches in cases referred for challenging behaviour, and importantly whether this impacts the dosages of medication subsequently prescribed.
MicroRNA bmo‐miR‐31‐5p inhibits apoptosis and promotes BmNPV proliferation by targeting the CYP9e2 gene of Bombyx mori
Authors: Yang Wen‐Yu , Liu Zhen‐Ye , Zhu Yan , Xiao Yu , Xiao Wen‐Fu , Tang Liang , Dong Zhan‐Qi , Pan Min‐Hui , Lu Cheng , Chen Peng
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV), as a typical baculovirus, is the primary pathogen that infects the silkworm B. mori, a lepidopteran species. Owing to the high biological safety of BmNPV in infecting insects, it is commonly utilized as a biological insecticide for pest control. Apoptosis is important in the interaction between the host and pathogenic microorganisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) influence immune responses and promote stability of the immune system via apoptosis. Therefore, the study of apoptosis‐related miRNA in silkworms during virus infection can not only provide support for standardizing the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, but also reduce the economic losses to sericulture caused by the misuse of biological pesticides.

RESULTS

Through transcriptome sequencing, we identified a miRNA, miR‐31‐5p, and demonstrated that it can inhibit apoptosis in silkworm cells and promote the proliferation of BmNPV in BmE‐SWU1 cells. We identified a target gene of miR‐31‐5p, B. mori cytochrome P450 9e2 (BmCYP9e2), and demonstrated that it can promote apoptosis in silkworm cells and inhibit the proliferation of BmNPV. Moreover, we constructed transgenic silkworm strains with miR‐31‐5p knockout and confirmed that they can inhibit the proliferation of BmNPV.

CONCLUSION

These data indicate that miR‐31‐5p may exert functions of inhibiting apoptosis and promoting virus proliferation by regulating BmCYP9e2. The findings demonstrate how miRNAs influence host cell apoptosis and how they are involved in the host immune system response to viruses, providing important insights into the applications of biological insecticides for pest control. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Guide to the management of acne in primary care
Authors: Solomon Katie , Yip Vincent
Published: May 2024

Acne is a common skin condition that can have profound physical and psychological impacts. This article outlines its clinical presentation and recommended management in primary care and discusses when referral to secondary care is necessary.
Stabilization of Morphotropic Phase Boundary in Hafnia via Microwave Low‐Temperature Crystallization Process for Next‐Generation Dynamic Random Access Memory Technology
Authors: Shin Hunbeom , Kim Giuk , Lee Sujeong , Choi Hyojun , Lee Sangho , Lee Sangmok , Nam Yunseok , Kang Geonhyeong , Kim Hyungjun , Ahn Jinho , Jeon Sanghun
Published: May 2024

The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), which arises from the combination of antiferroelectric and ferroelectric phases, demonstrates the highest dielectric constant (κ) compared to other phases. This emphasizes its potential as a leading contender for dielectric films in future dynamic random access memory (DRAM) capacitors. MPB‐based high‐κ materials using hafnia have shown a trade‐off between equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) and leakage current density (Jleak) when the crystallization temperature increases with scaling the thickness. Herein, a microwave annealing (MWA) method that can achieve low‐temperature crystallization below 350 °C is employed. The purpose of this method is to mitigate the trade‐off relationships and achieve the strict criteria of current DRAM capacitors. These criteria include low EOT (less than 4 Å) and Jleak (less than 10−7 A cm−2 at 0.8 V) characteristics. The MWA is capable of relatively low‐temperature annealing by supplying energy to the films through both thermal energy and dipole vibration energy. As a result, a record‐low EOT of 3.76 Å and a low leakage current characteristic of 4.2 × 10−8 A cm−2 at 0.8 V are achieved concurrently. It is confident that the research can be important in addressing the challenges associated with reducing the size of next‐generation DRAM capacitors.
Enhancing Package Ergonomics for Arthritis Consumers: A Case Study
Authors: Reese Perian , Hurley R. Andrew , Cavender George A.
Published: May 2024

Because arthritis and limited dexterity affect at least 25% of the US adult population (1) and these issues can make packaging more difficult to open, there has been an overall increase in interest about inclusive packaging (2). Inclusive packaging is designed to ensure that the largest number of consumers possible will be able to open a package without serious difficulty. When designing for those with arthritis, testing is often done using simulation technologies that impair hand and joint movements, such as the Cambridge Simulation Gloves (CSG). However, not all packages have been evaluated for inclusive design, and as such, the goal of this study was to use CSG to evaluate several representative packages currently in the marketplace for inclusivity and to redesign the one deemed most challenging for those with impaired dexterity. The study evaluated product packages that were deemed non‐inclusive, identified common trends between these products, including the necessity for fine finger movements, existence of small gripping areas, and opening mechanisms with little clearance between the two surfaces. Of the products examined, a common aspirin package, was found to be the most difficult to open—it was nearly impossible to lift the seal while wearing the CSG and the package required the most time to open. As such, this product was selected to undergo redesign, and this redesign focused on the tamper evident induction seal. The redesign process involved prototyping an included finger loop and then testing the prototypes using the CSG. This led to a final design consisting of a loop attached to the induction seal, which was then tested with the CSG to evaluate its effectiveness. This study shows the utility of incorporating the CSG into the preliminary design process as opposed to only at the final test of the product. Furthermore, the findings of the study strongly suggest that in designing inclusive packaging for those with limited dexterity, decreasing the required fine finger and joint movements and increasing the gripping areas, especially those involved in the opening mechanism of the package, are the most useful changes to make.
Dissipative imitation learning for discrete dynamic output feedback control with sparse data sets
Authors: Strong Amy K. , LoCicero Ethan J. , Bridgeman Leila J.
Published: May 2024

Imitation learning enables synthesis of controllers for systems with complex objectives and uncertain plant models. However, ensuring an imitation learned controller is stable requires copious amounts of data and/or a known plant model. In this paper, we explore an input–output (IO) stability approach to imitation learning, which achieves stability with sparse data sets while only requiring coarse knowledge of the energy characteristics of the plant. A constrained optimization problem is developed, in which the controller learns to mimic expert data while maintaining stabilizing energy characteristics induced by the plant. While the learning objective is nonconvex, iterative convex overbounding (ICO) and projected gradient descent (PGD) are explored as methods to learn the controller. In numerical examples, it is shown that with little knowledge of the plant model and a small data set, the dissipativity constrained learned controller achieves closed loop stability and successfully mimics the behavior of the expert controller, while other methods often fail to maintain stability and achieve good performance.
Generative AI and simulation modeling: how should you (not) use large language models like ChatGPT
Authors: Akhavan Ali , Jalali Mohammad S.
Published: May 2024

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and chatbots like ChatGPT, hold promise for advancing simulation modeling. Despite their growing prominence and associated debates, there remains a gap in comprehending the potential of generative AI in this field and a lack of guidelines for its effective deployment. This article endeavors to bridge these gaps. We discuss the applications of ChatGPT through an example of modeling COVID‐19's impact on economic growth in the United States. However, our guidelines are generic and can be applied to a broader range of generative AI tools. Our work presents a systematic approach for integrating generative AI across the simulation research continuum, from problem articulation to insight derivation and documentation, independent of the specific simulation modeling method. We emphasize while these tools offer enhancements in refining ideas and expediting processes, they should complement rather than replace critical thinking inherent to research. © 2024 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Work Function Tuning of Carbon Electrode to Boost the Charge Extraction in Hole Transport Layer‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gou Yanzhuo , Zhang Jiayi , Jin Bowen , Dai Weideren , Zhang Wei , Chen Chang , Lin Liangyou , Wang Xianbao , Tai Qidong , Li Jinhua
Published: May 2024

Perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a promising photovoltaic technology that achieves over 26% power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the high materials costs, complicated fabrication process, as well as poor long‐term stability, are stumbling blocks for the commercialization of the PSCs in normal structures. The hole transport layer (HTL)‐free carbon‐based PSCs (C‐PSCs) are expected to overcome these challenges. However, C‐PSCs have suffered from relatively low PCE due to severe energy loss at the perovskite/carbon interface. Herein, the study proposes to boost the hole extraction capability of carbon electrode by incorporating functional manganese (II III) oxide (Mn3O4). It is found that the work function (WF) of the carbon electrode can be finely tuned with different amounts of Mn3O4 addition, thus the interfacial charge transfer efficiency can be maximized. Besides, the mechanical properties of carbon electrode can also be strengthened. Finally, a PCE of 19.03% is achieved. Moreover, the device retains 90% of its initial PCE after 2000 h of storage. This study offers a feasible strategy for fabricating efficient paintable HTL‐free C‐PSCs.
Equally Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Fabricated via N‐Ethyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone Optimized Vacuum‐Flash
Authors: Xu Yibo , Zhou Chenguang , Li Xinzhu , Du Kaihuai , Li Yue , Dong Xu , Yuan Ningyi , Li Lvzhou , Ding Jianning
Published: May 2024

Efficiency reduction in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) during the magnification procedure significantly hampers commercialization. Vacuum‐flash (VF) has emerged as a promising method to fabricate PSCs with consistent efficiency across scales. However, the slower solvent removal rate of VF compared to the anti‐solvent method leads to perovskite films with buried defects. Thus, this work employs low‐toxic Lewis base ligand solvent N‐ethyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NEP) to improve the nucleation process of perovskite films. NEP, with a mechanism similar to that of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone in FA‐based perovskite formation, enhances the solvent removal speed owing to its lower coordination ability. Based on this strategy, p–i–n PSCs with an optimized interface attain a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.19% on an area of 0.08 cm2. The same nucleation process enables perovskite solar modules (PSMs) to achieve a certified PCE of 23.28% on an aperture area of 22.96 cm2, with a high geometric fill factor of 97%, ensuring nearly identical active area PCE (24%) in PSMs as in PSCs. This strategy highlights the potential of NEP as a ligand solvent choice for the commercialization of PSCs.
A Simple and Promising Prediction Model to Analyze the Optical Properties of Organic Photovoltaic Materials
Authors: Zhong Sijing , Hsu Wenhao , Chen Han , Yang Tao , Yi Jinglin , Zhu Chunguang , Yin Sen , Li Zeqi , Gao Liang , Lin Jiaping , Ying Lei , Li Ning
Published: May 2024

Optimizing light utilization is crucial in organic photovoltaics. Understanding the intricate connection between the optical properties and the chemical structure of organic materials is pivotal yet challenging in this regard. Herein, over 2800 published reports with a database of ≈300 organic non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are surveyed and a mathematical model suitable for predicting and analyzing the optical properties of organic photovoltaic materials is established. The model is used to predict the optical properties of representative NFAs within experimental error, including four newly synthesized organic materials to validate the model. In addition, the reliability and applicability of the model through data transformation are demonstrated and it is found that the addition of double bonds and asymmetry in the chemical structure does not necessarily reduce the optical bandgap of organic materials. Based on the model, the strong noncovalent interaction is more significant than the weak noncovalent interaction and asymmetry on the reduction of the bandgap, which provides new insights into the design and development of organic photovoltaic materials with tunable optical properties.
Evaluation of cytotoxic effect of siphonochilone from African ginger: an in vitro analysis
Authors: Ortigosa‐Palomo Alba , Fuentes‐Ríos David , Quiñonero Francisco , Melguizo Consolación , Ortiz Raul , López‐Romero Juan M. , Prados Jose
Published: May 2024

Plants provide a wide array of compounds that can be explored for potential anticancer properties. Siphonochilone, a furanoterpene that represents one of the main components of the African plant Siphonochilus aethiopicus, shows numerous health benefits. However, to date, its antiproliferative properties have not been tested. The aim of this study was to analyze the cytotoxic effects of siphonochilone on a panel of cancer cell lines and its underlying mechanism of action. Our results demonstrated that siphonochilone exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on pancreatic, breast, lung, colon, and liver cancer cell lines showing a IC50 ranging from 22 to 124 μM at 72 h of treatment and highlighting its cytotoxic effect against MCF7 and PANC1 breast and pancreas cancer cell lines (22.03 and 39.03 μM, respectively). Cell death in these tumor lines was mediated by apoptosis by the mitochondrial pathway, as evidenced by siphonochilone‐induced depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, siphonochilone treatment involves the generation of reactive oxygen species that may contribute to apoptosis induction. In this work, we described for the first time the cytotoxic properties of siphonochilone and provided data about the molecular processes of cell death. Although future studies will be necessary, our results support the interest in this molecule in relation to their clinical application in cancer, and especially in breast and pancreatic cancer.
Multistep short‐term wind speed prediction with rank pooling and fast Fourier transformation
Authors: Shu Hailong , Song Weiwei , Song Zhen , Guo Huichuang , Li Chaoqun , Wang Yue
Published: May 2024

Short‐term wind speed prediction is essential for economical wind power utilization. The real‐world wind speed data are typically intermittent and fluctuating, presenting great challenges to existing shallow models. In this paper, we present a novel deep hybrid model for multistep wind speed prediction, namely, LR‐FFT‐RP‐MLP/LSTM (linear fast Fourier transform rank pooling multiple‐layer perceptron/long short‐term memory). Our hybrid model processes the local and global input features simultaneously. We leverage RP for the local feature extraction to capture the temporal structure while maintaining the temporal order. Besides, to understand the wind periodic patterns, we exploit FFT to extract global features and relevant frequency components in the wind speed data. The resulting local and global features are, respectively, integrated with the original data and are fed into an MLP/LSTM layer for the initial wind speed predictions. Finally, we leverage a linear regression layer to collaborate these initial predictions to produce the final wind speed prediction. The proposed hybrid model is evaluated using real wind speed data collected from 2010 to 2020, demonstrating superior forecasting capabilities when compared with state‐of‐the‐art single and hybrid models. Overall, this study presents a promising approach for improving the accuracy of wind speed forecasting.
Gauge field fluctuation corrected QED3 effective action by fermionic particle-vortex duality
Authors: Hsiao Wei-Han
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We present a non-perturbative framework for incorporating gauge field fluctuations into effective actions of QED3 in the infrared using fermionic particle-vortex duality. This approach is demonstrated through the applications to models containing N species of 2-component Dirac fermions in solvable and interpretable electromagnetic backgrounds, focusing on N = 1 or 2. For the N = 1 model, we establish a correspondence between fermion Casimir energy at finite density and the magnetic Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian, and further evaluate the corrections to their amplitudes. This predicts amplification of charge susceptibility and reduction of magnetic permeability. We additionally provide physical interpretations for each component of our calculation and offer alternative derivations based on energy density measurements in different characteristic lengths. For N = 2, we show that magnetic catalysis is erased in a U(1) × U(1) QED3, indicating no breakdown of chiral symmetry. Reasoning is offered based on the properties of the lowest Landau level wave functions.
Undecay
Authors: Megías Eugenio , Pérez-Victoria Manuel , Quirós Mariano
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Unstable particles decay sooner or later, so they are not described by asymptotic one-particle states and they should not be included as independent states in unitarity relations such as the optical theorem. The same applies to any countable collection of unstable particles. We show that the behaviour of unparticle stuff, that is, a continuous collection of particles with different masses and common decay channels, is pretty different: it has a non-vanishing probability of surviving for ever and the corresponding asymptotic states must be taken into account to comply with unitarity. We also discuss compressed spectra and the transition from the discrete to the continuous case.
Einstein gravity with generalized cosmological term from five-dimensional AdS-Maxwell-Chern-Simons gravity
Authors: Avilés L. , Díaz J. , Peñafiel D.M. , Orozco V.C. , Salgado P.
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Some time ago, the standard geometric framework of Einstein gravity was extended by gauging the Maxwell algebra as well as the so called AdS-Maxwell algebra. In this paper it is shown that the actions for these four-dimensional extended Einstein gravities can be obtained from the five-dimensional Chern-Simons gravities actions by using the Randall-Sundrum compactification procedure. It is found that the Inönü-Wigner contraction procedure, in the Weimar-Woods sense, can be used both to obtain the Maxwell-Chern-Simons action from the AdS-Maxwell-Chern-Simons action and to obtain the Maxwell extension of Einstein gravity in 4D from the four-dimensional extended AdS-Maxwell-Einstein-Hilbert action. It is also shown that the extended four-dimensional gravities belongs to the Horndeski family of scalar-tensor theories.
Lüscher equation with long-range forces
Authors: Bubna Rishabh , Hammer Hans-Werner , Müller Fabian , Pang Jin-Yi , Rusetsky Akaki , Wu Jia-Jun
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We derive the modified Lüscher equation in the presence of the long-range force caused by the exchange of a light particle. It is shown that the use of this equation enables one to circumvent the problems related to the strong partial-wave mixing and the t-channel sub-threshold singularities. It is also demonstrated that the present method is intrinsically linked to the so-called modified effective-range expansion (MERE) in the infinite volume. A detailed comparison with the two recently proposed alternative approaches is provided.
On the Mass Transfer in the 3D Pitaevskii Model
Authors: Jang Juhi , Jayanti Pranava Chaitanya , Kukavica Igor
Published: May 2024

We examine a micro-scale model of superfluidity derived by Pitaevskii (Sov. Phys. JETP 8:282-287, 1959) which describes the interacting dynamics between superfluid He-4 and its normal fluid phase. This system consists of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the incompressible, inhomogeneous Navier-Stokes equations, coupled to each other via a bidirectional nonlinear relaxation mechanism. The coupling permits mass/momentum/energy transfer between the phases, and accounts for the conversion of superfluid into normal fluid. We prove the existence of global weak solutions in $${\mathbb {T}}^3$$

T

3

for a power-type nonlinearity, beginning from small initial data. The main challenge is to control the inter-phase mass transfer in order to ensure the strict positivity of the normal fluid density, while obtaining time-independent a priori estimates.
RFX6 haploinsufficiency predisposes to diabetes through impaired beta cell function
Authors: Ibrahim Hazem , Balboa Diego , Saarimäki-Vire Jonna , Montaser Hossam , Dyachok Oleg , Lund Per-Eric , Omar-Hmeadi Muhmmad , Kvist Jouni , Dwivedi Om P. , Lithovius Väinö , Barsby Tom , Chandra Vikash , Eurola Solja , Ustinov Jarkko , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Miettinen Päivi J. , Barg Sebastian , Tengholm Anders , Otonkoski Timo
Published: May 2024

Aims/hypothesis

Regulatory factor X 6 (RFX6) is crucial for pancreatic endocrine development and differentiation. The RFX6 variant p.His293LeufsTer7 is significantly enriched in the Finnish population, with almost 1:250 individuals as a carrier. Importantly, the FinnGen study indicates a high predisposition for heterozygous carriers to develop type 2 and gestational diabetes. However, the precise mechanism of this predisposition remains unknown.

Methods

To understand the role of this variant in beta cell development and function, we used CRISPR technology to generate allelic series of pluripotent stem cells. We created two isogenic stem cell models: a human embryonic stem cell model; and a patient-derived stem cell model. Both were differentiated into pancreatic islet lineages (stem-cell-derived islets, SC-islets), followed by implantation in immunocompromised NOD-SCID-Gamma mice.

Results

Stem cell models of the homozygous variant RFX6−/− predictably failed to generate insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells, mirroring the phenotype observed in Mitchell–Riley syndrome. Notably, at the pancreatic endocrine stage, there was an upregulation of precursor markers NEUROG3 and SOX9, accompanied by increased apoptosis. Intriguingly, heterozygous RFX6+/− SC-islets exhibited RFX6 haploinsufficiency (54.2% reduction in protein expression), associated with reduced beta cell maturation markers, altered calcium signalling and impaired insulin secretion (62% and 54% reduction in basal and high glucose conditions, respectively). However, RFX6 haploinsufficiency did not have an impact on beta cell number or insulin content. The reduced insulin secretion persisted after in vivo implantation in mice, aligning with the increased risk of variant carriers to develop diabetes.

Conclusions/interpretation

Our allelic series isogenic SC-islet models represent a powerful tool to elucidate specific aetiologies of diabetes in humans, enabling the sensitive detection of aberrations in both beta cell development and function. We highlight the critical role of RFX6 in augmenting and maintaining the pancreatic progenitor pool, with an endocrine roadblock and increased cell death upon its loss. We demonstrate that RFX6 haploinsufficiency does not affect beta cell number or insulin content but does impair function, predisposing heterozygous carriers of loss-of-function variants to diabetes.

Data availability

Ultra-deep bulk RNA-seq data for pancreatic differentiation stages 3, 5 and 7 of H1 RFX6 genotypes are deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus database with accession code GSE234289. Original western blot images are deposited at Mendeley (https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/g75drr3mgw/2).

Graphical Abstract
Finitely additive behavioral strategies: when do they induce an unambiguous expected payoff?
Authors: Flesch János , Vermeulen Dries , Zseleva Anna
Published: May 2024

We examine infinite horizon decision problems with arbitrary bounded payoff functions in which the decision maker uses finitely additive behavioral strategies. Since we only assume that the payoff function is bounded, it is well-known that these behavioral strategies generally do not induce unambiguously defined expected payoffs. Consequently, it is not clear how to compare behavioral strategies and define optimality. We address this problem by finding conditions on the payoff function that guarantee an unambiguous expected payoff regardless of which behavioral strategy the decision maker uses. To this end, we systematically consider various alternatives proposed in the literature on how to define the finitely additive probability measure on the set of infinite plays induced by a behavioral strategy.
Disentangling the acute subjective effects of classic psychedelics from their enduring therapeutic properties
Authors: Atiq Mazen A. , Baker Matthew R. , Voort Jennifer L. Vande , Vargas Maxemiliano V. , Choi Doo-Sup
Published: May 2024

Recent research with classic psychedelics suggests significant therapeutic potential, particularly for neuropsychiatric disorders. A mediating influence behind symptom resolution is thought to be the personal insight – at times, bordering on the mystical – one acquires during the acute phase of a psychedelic session. Indeed, current clinical trials have found strong correlations between the acute subjective effects (ASE) under the influence of psychedelics and their enduring therapeutic properties. However, with potential barriers to widespread clinical implementation, including the healthcare resource-intensive nature of psychedelic sessions and the exclusion of certain at-risk patient groups, there is an active search to determine whether ASE elimination can be accompanied by the retention of persisting therapeutic benefits of these class of compounds. Recognizing the aberrant underlying neural circuitry that characterizes a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, and that classic psychedelics promote neuroplastic changes that may correct abnormal circuitry, investigators are rushing to design and discover compounds with psychoplastogenic, but not hallucinogenic (i.e., ASE), therapeutic potential. These efforts have paved the discovery of ‘non-psychedelic/subjective psychedelics’, or compounds that lack hallucinogenic activity but with therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models. This review aims to distill the current evidence – both clinical and preclinical – surrounding the question: can the ASE of classic psychedelics be dissociated from their sustained therapeutic properties? Several plausible clinical scenarios are then proposed to offer clarity on and potentially answer this question.
Modular Invariance of (Logarithmic) Intertwining Operators
Authors: Huang Yi-Zhi
Published: May 2024

Let V be a $$C_2$$

C
2

-cofinite vertex operator algebra without nonzero elements of negative weights. We prove the conjecture that the spaces spanned by analytic extensions of pseudo-q-traces ($$q=e^{2\pi i\tau }$$

q
=

e

2
π
i
τ

) shifted by $$-\frac{c}{24}$$

-

c
24

of products of geometrically-modified (logarithmic) intertwining operators among grading-restricted generalized V-modules are invariant under modular transformations. The convergence and analytic extension result needed to formulate this conjecture and some consequences on such shifted pseudo-q-traces were proved by Fiordalisi (Logarithmic intertwining operator and genus-one correlation functions, 2015) and Fiordalisi (Commun Contemp Math 18:1650026, 2016) using the method developed in Huang (Commun Contemp Math 7:649–706, 2005). The method that we use to prove this conjecture is based on the theory of the associative algebras $$A^{N}(V)$$

A
N

(
V
)

for $$N\in \mathbb {N}$$

N
∈
N

, their graded modules and their bimodules introduced and studied by the author in Huang (Associative algebras and the representation theory of grading-restricted vertex algebras, 2020) and Huang (Commun Math Phys 396:1–44, 2022). This modular invariance result gives a construction of $$C_2$$

C
2

-cofinite genus-one logarithmic conformal field theories from the corresponding genus-zero logarithmic conformal field theories.
Genetic Prediction of Osteoporosis by Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels and Reproductive Factors in Women: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li Yuan , Lai Jinquan , Wu Wenbo , Ling Shuyi , Dai Yuqing , Zhong Zhisheng , Chen Xiaodong , Zheng Yuehui
Published: May 2024

Previous observational studies have suggested that anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and reproductive factors are linked to reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of osteoporosis (OP) in women. However, related studies are limited, and these traditional observational studies may be subject to residual confounders and reverse causation, while also lacking a more comprehensive observation of various reproductive factors. Univariate and multivariate two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to determine the causal associations of AMH levels and six reproductive factors with BMD and OP, using the random-effects inverse-variance weighted method. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q-statistic, and sensitivity analyses were performed to identify causal correlations. Age at menarche (AAM) was negatively associated with total body BMD (TB-BMD) in females aged 45–60 and over 60 years, as well as with heel bone mineral density (eBMD). Conversely, age at natural menopause (ANM) was positively associated with TB-BMD in the same age ranges and with eBMD. ANM was only causally associated with self-reported OP and showed no significant correlation with definitively diagnosed OP. Neither AMH level nor other reproductive factors were significantly associated with a genetic predisposition to BMD at any age and OP. Later AAM and earlier ANM are significantly genetically causally associated with decreased BMD but not with OP. AMH levels, length of menstrual cycle, age at first birth, age at last birth, and number of live births, in terms of genetic backgrounds, are not causally related to BMD or OP.
Investigation of Fungal Community Structure in the Gut of the Stag Beetle Dorcus hopei (Coleoptera; Lucanidae): Comparisons Among Developmental Stages
Authors: Bin Xiaoyan , Wang Pan , Shen Yagang , Xiang Xingjia , Jafir Muhammad , Wan Xia
Published: May 2024

Stag beetles, recognized as common saproxylic insects, are valued for their vibrant coloration and distinctive morphology. These beetles play a crucial ecological role in decomposition and nutrient cycling, serving as a vital functional component in ecosystem functioning. Although previous studies have confirmed that stag beetles are predominantly fungivores, the fluctuations in their intestinal fungal communities at different developmental stages remain poorly understood. In the current study, high-throughput sequencing was employed to investigate the dynamic changes within intestinal fungal communities at various developmental stages in the stag beetle Dorcus hopei. Results showed that microbial diversity was higher during the larval stage than during the pupal and adult stages. Furthermore, significant differences were identified in the composition of the intestinal fungal communities across the larval, pupal, and adult stages, suggesting that developmental transitions may be crucial factors contributing to variations in fungal community composition and diversity. Dominant genera included Candida, Scheffersomyces, Phaeoacremonium, and Trichosporon. Functional predictions indicated a greater diversity and relative abundance of endosymbiotic fungi in the larval gut, suggesting a potential dependency of larvae on beneficial gut fungi for nutrient acquisition. Additionally, the application of abundance-based β-null deviation and niche width analyses revealed that the adult gut exerted a stronger selection pressure on its fungal community, favoring certain taxa. This selection process culminates in a more robust co-occurrence network of fungal communities within the adult gut, thereby enhancing their adaptability to environmental fluctuations. This study advances our understanding of the intestinal fungal community structure in stag beetles, providing a crucial theoretical foundation for the development of saproxylic beetle resources, biomass energy utilization, plastic degradation strategies, and beetle conservation efforts.
Investigation of controlled salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate release from double molecular imprinted nanoparticles
Authors: Feyzioğlu-Demir Esra , Akgöl Sinan
Published: May 2024

Salmeterol xinafoate (SAM) and fluticasone propionate (FLU) are one of the drug combinations used together in the treatment of lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study is to investigate the usability of novel dual molecular imprinted nanoparticles (poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-(L)-alanine-N-methacryloyl-(L)-histidine) [p(HEMA-MAAL-MAH)], abbr. DMIPNPs) as a controlled drug release systems. In this study, SAM and FLU drugs were chosen as model drugs because they are used in the treatment of these diseases. DMIPNPs were prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). In in vitro drug release experiments, drug release conditions were optimized. SAM and FLU release from DMIPNPs experiments were also performed in the simulated lung fluid (SLF). The amount of released SAM and FLU were found as 4.79 and 5.68 mg/g in the SLF medium at the end of 48 h, respectively. The release kinetics of SAM and FLU from DMIPNPs were calculated in the SLF medium. The release of SAM and FLU was determined to be compatible with the Higuchi release models. According to these results, these DMIPNPs, dual-template molecular imprinted nanoparticles with dual monomers, are promising materials that can be used in the controlled release of two different drugs.

Graphical abstract