bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimación del potencial eléctrico de residuos orgánicos mediante el uso de biodigestores experimentales
Authors: Chugchilan Ante Iván Rodrigo , Pazuña Naranjo William Paul
Published: February 2024

El presente estudio se centra en la valorización energética de residuos orgánicos a través del empleo de biodigestores experimentales. La motivación detrás de esta investigación radica en la necesidad de explorar fuentes sostenibles de energía y abordar la gestión adecuada de los desechos orgánicos. Para lograrlo, se llevó a cabo un exhaustivo análisis de la digestión anaerobia de distintos tipos de estiércol, incluyendo bovino, porcino y avícola, con el propósito de evaluar su capacidad para la producción de biogás y su potencial aprovechamiento eléctrico. La metodología implementada comprendió la operación de biodigestores a nivel de laboratorio, con un riguroso registro de variables como la producción de metano, la eficiencia del biodigestor y la generación de energía. Los resultados experimentales revelaron que el biodigestor alimentado con estiércol avícola exhibió una notable producción de metano y energía, destacando su eficacia en comparación con otras fuentes de estiércol. La innovación fundamental de este estudio reside en su contribución al conocimiento sobre el potencial eléctrico de los residuos mediante la biodigestión, subrayando la importancia de las condiciones controladas y la elección de la fuente de estiércol. En resumen, este trabajo proporciona valiosos insights para la implementación de sistemas sostenibles de generación de energía a partir de residuos orgánicos, abriendo la puerta a soluciones más respetuosas con el medio ambiente y económicamente viables.
Determinación de la resistencia mecánica del PLA en impresiones 3D mediante ensayos de tracción
Authors: Arteaga Velez Jostin Wladimir , Toala Angueta Brandon Iván , Ortiz Caaspa Cristhian José
Published: February 2024

La presente investigación es sobre la Determinación de la resistencia mecánica del PLA en impresiones 3D mediante ensayos de tracción. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la resistencia mecánica del material, esto proporcionando información crucial sobre la capacidad de las piezas impresas para soportar fuerzas de tracción sin romperse. Al comprender y optimizar los parámetros de impresión, se busca mejorar la resistencia a la tracción del PLA, lo que es esencial para garantizar la viabilidad y durabilidad de los objetos impresos en 3D en diversas aplicaciones, desde prototipos industriales hasta piezas de consumo. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se tomó en cuenta los siguientes parámetros. Selección del Material y Muestra, se elegirá PLA como material de estudio debido a su prevalencia en la impresión 3D. Se seleccionaron muestras representativas de objetos impresos en 3D utilizando PLA. Se construyó un modelo utilizando tecnología de modelado por deposición fundida (FDM) o impresión 3D, esta tecnología permite la impresión directa de modelos a partir de un archivo digital. las cuáles fueron estudiadas mediante los Ensayos de Tracción utilizando un equipo estándar, aplicando cargas graduales a las probetas y registrando datos como la fuerza aplicada y la deformación resultante. Las observaciones detalladas de las impresiones realizadas con PLA revelan resultados notables, destacando particularmente la resistencia excepcional de una probeta fabricada con este material en comparación con alternativas .El trabajo no solo se centra en detalles de los parámetros de modelado y los métodos empleados, sino que también arroja luz sobre la destacada calidad del PLA como material, respaldando esta afirmación con resultados concretos que evidencian la superioridad de una probeta elaborada con este polímero frente a otros materiales en el contexto de la impresión 3D.
Ensino da Matemática na Educação Infantil em Pesquisas da Região Norte do Brasil
Authors: Sales Ana Lívia Da Conceição , Santos Jonatha Daniel dos
Published: February 2024

O texto tem como finalidade identificar e analisar produções vinculadas ao ensino de matemática no âmbito da educação infantil produzidas em dissertações e teses nos programas de pós-graduação (Stricto Sensu) de universidades (públicas e privadas) situadas na região Norte, no período de 2012 a 2022, fruto de uma pesquisa vinculada ao Programa de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC) no âmbito do curso de Pedagogia na Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM). O estudo apresentado está alinhado om os princípios qualitativos de se fazer pesquisa no campo educacional, buscando efetivar um mapeamento para identificar os seus objetivos, as opções metodológicas e as temáticas abordadas conforme o mapeamento teórico de Biembengut (2008). Para tal, foram acessados s repositórios dos programas de pós-graduação que tivessem vínculo com a Educação, Educação Matemática, Educação em Ciências e Matemática e outros afins, desde que atendessem aos pré-requisitos da pesquisa. Por fim, foram identificados poucos trabalhos produzidos no âmbito da região Norte e que pesquisas sobre a temática em questão são importantes tanto para a formação de professores que ensinarão matemática como para o contexto de pesquisa na pós-graduação. Por outro lado, reconhecer esse cenário proporciona potencialidades emergentes e urgentes para pesquisas no contexto da região Norte.
Reform and Practice of Aerodynamics and Principles of Flight Assessment Mode
Authors:   Civil Aviation Flight University of China，China, Zhao Ganchao , Liu Zhiqiang ,   Civil Aviation Flight University of China，China, Zhou Zeyou ,   Civil Aviation Flight University of China，China, Li Fengming ,   Civil Aviation Flight University of China，China
Published: February 2024

Aerodynamictheoryprovidesasolidtheoreticalfoundationforthedesign,performanceoptimization,andflightcontrolofaircraft,andtheaerodynamicperformanceofaircraftisdirectlyrelatedtoitssafety,economy,soitiscrucialforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheaviationfield.Thispaperdiscussesthereformprogramoftheassessmentmodeofaerodynamicsandflightprinciples,aimingtomakeitmoreinlinewiththedemandforprofessionaltalentsinthemodernaviationfield.Throughanin-depthstudyofthekeypositionofaerodynamicsinthefieldofaviationandthesignificanceoftheassessmentmodeforthetrainingofprofessionaltalents,aninnovativeassessmentprogramisproposedtobettermeetthechallengesandneedsoffuturetalenttraininginthefieldofaerodynamicsandprinciplesofflighttocultivatemoreexcellentaviationprofessionals.Keywords:aerodynamics;principleofflight;assessment;modereform
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE HOUSING-COVER CONNECTIONS OF PARALLEL-SHAFT REDUCERS
Authors:   Department of Mechatronics, Azerbaijan Technical University, CHALABI Iftikhar
Published: February 2024

The combination of the established synthesis methods for finite positions and path-points leads to a hybrid dimensional synthesis method that is presented within this paper. This hybrid method combines the advantages of the established synthesis methods so that an adjustable definition of a synthesis task as well as a high performance of the algorithm can be ensured. To realize this combination, the established algorithms have to be modified as shown within this paper. Depending on the synthesis task and its degree of freedom, a solution can be found analytically or numerically. Both of these algorithms as well as the algorithm for the calculation of the synthesis degree of freedom is treated in this contribution. The shown approaches are validated by two examples.
TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OPTIMIZATION AND KINEMATIC PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF 3-RRR PLANAR PARALLEL MANIPULATOR
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou University, XU Ke , SHEN Huiping ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou University, DENG Jiaming ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou University, SHEN Yunyu ,   Business Administration Department, University of Northeastern
Published: February 2024

The typical 3-RRR planar parallel manipulator with two translations and one rotation has extensive applications such as plane location and motion transfer. But it suffers two disadvantages. One is its analytical direct kinematics is difficult to be got and another is not input-output motion decoupled. This paper focuses on its topological structure optimization and resulting kinematic performance improvementt. First, the coupling degree of this manipulator is calculated being k=1. Second, based on structure coupling-reducing principle, its coupling-reduced manipulator with zero coupling degree is designed, which not only leads to be easy to get its analytic direct kinematic solutions, but also makes input-output motion partially decoupled. Moreover, based on workspace and singularity of this coupling-reduced manipulator, comprehensive comparison of two manipulators before and after coupling-reducing showed that the main performances of structure coupling-reduced manipulator are superior than that of the typical mechanism. The work shows that structure coupling-reducing is effective method for optimization of topology structure.
HYBRID DIMENSIONAL SYNTHESIS OF PLANAR MECHANISMS FOR THE COMBINATION OF FINITE POSITIONS AND PATH-POINTS
Authors:   Department of Mechanism Theory and Dynamics of Machines RWTH Aachen University, MÜLLER Mario , HÖRTER Esther ,   Department of Mechanism Theory and Dynamics of Machines RWTH Aachen University, HÜSING Mathias ,   Department of Mechanism Theory and Dynamics of Machines RWTH Aachen University, CORVES Burkhard ,   Department of Mechanism Theory and Dynamics of Machines RWTH Aachen University
Published: February 2024

: The combination of the established synthesis methods for finite positions and path-points leads to a hybrid dimensional synthesis method that is presented within this paper. This hybrid method combines the advantages of the established synthesis methods so that an adjustable definition of a synthesis task as well as a high performance of the algorithm can be ensured. To realize this combination, the established algorithms have to be modified as shown within this paper. Depending on the synthesis task and its degree of freedom, a solution can be found analytically or numerically. Both of these algorithms as well as the algorithm for the calculation of the synthesis degree of freedom is treated in this contribution. The shown approaches are validated by two examples.
Dealing with the spirits in the museum collection
Authors:   Sarawak Museum Department, Jok Dora
Published: February 2024

The culture and beliefs of the peoples of Sarawak, as represented in their arts and crafts, continue to intrigue many scholars who come to study them. These arts and crafts are interwoven deeply with past beliefs - spirit worship. Until not long ago, none of the native people in Sarawak belonged to a world religion; they had their own old religious system. Their lives were controlled by the spirits. Many aspects of the lives of communities and individuals were under the influence of the spirit world and the will of the spirits was interpreted through a complicated system of omens. Many of these beliefs were interpreted through art, such as in the motifs of the dragon, the dog or dragon-dog (aso), the human figure and the human face. These were placed on their beadwork, on wooden carvings, wooden figures, doors, shields, weapons, the handles of war swords, parang (jungle knives) and so on. These indigenous arts are vital carriers expressing ethnic identity and carry evidence of old beliefs, animism and spirit worship. This article will explore, through my own personal experience, the way in which Sarawak Museum Department staff handle and care for objects that were produced in the context of the old animistic, shamanistic and spirit beliefs. It will also discuss the significance of some of the powerful spirits that have been translated artistically into objects in Sarawak Museum's collection store today.
“Konfrontasi” in retrospect
Authors: Phillips David
Published: February 2024

The Confrontation' conflict that took place largely in the jungles of Borneo during the mid-1960s risks fading from historical consciousness. Much recent academic work on the critically important Cold War period either misunderstands its significance or ignores it completely. There continues to be an excrescence of populist literature, invariably representing the conflict in superficial and partisan terms. Most has been of dubious quality. The release of official British records in the 1990's and recently the 'migrated archives' prompted more serious study but focused on British, American and Australian government strategy and policy-making. Consequently western historians have remained largely embedded in traditional colonial records history. Malaysian historical accounts have tended to elide this crucial episode in nation-building. Indonesian scholars are only now exploring this previously sensitive residue of the Sukarno era. A reappraisal of 'Konfrontasi' and the associated communist insurgency in Borneo is long overdue. There is a wealth of anthropological, sociological, environmental and cultural studies on Borneo to underpin such a reappraisal. This paper argues that (i) insurgency and conflict in Borneo during the Cold War period, invariably attributed to communist, Indonesian or even British conspiracy, had deep economic and social roots; (ii) these underlying causes were exacerbated by the developmental and political failure of colonialism in Borneo; (iii) the clash of 'Konfrontasi', commonly claimed as a British and Commonwealth military victory, was an attritional impasse that in its culminating stages threatened the break-up of Malaysia; (iv) the signally successful resolution of the draining insurgency bequeathed by British colonial rule, usually ignored in conventional accounts of global terrorism, depended on political foresight and initiative within the Borneo states. The longer term significance of 'Konfrontasi also needs to be reviewed. On the one hand it marked the effective end of European colonialism in Southeast Asia. On the other hand its outcome determined the political and economic configuration of the region over the next fifty years. It may well be argued that this epoch in its turn has now come to an end as new strategic uncertainties come to the fore.
Is It Possible to Create a World Brand in Olive Oil?: The Case of Milas Olive Oil
Authors: Terzioğlu Mustafa , Gökovalı Ummuhan
Published: February 2024

Geographical Indication (GI) is a sign used to distinguish a product from its similar products and shows that the product has a certain geographical origin and has the quality or reputation arising from this origin. With this “product differentiation” features of the GI, it may lead products to be sold at higher prices compared to standard products. Milas olive oil is Türkiye’s first and only olive oil registered as a GI in the European Union (EU) thus has the potential to be recognized worldwide and be sold at higher prices. The current study compares and contrasts the organizational structure of production and marketing strategy of Milas olive oil with Tuscany olive oil from Italy and Sierra de Segura olive oil from Spain, both of which have registered GI in the EU. The organizational structures of production of these two world-famous olive oils were examined and a price comparison was made among GI registered olive oils. The findings show that the importance of GI in Türkiye and in Milas is not yet fully perceived and the necessary importance is not given to organizational structure of production of olive oil. In order to obtain the potential economic benefits from Milas olive oil through well-established organizational structure, a roadmap is presented based on both the selected country examples and on the conditions specific to Türkiye.
Dijital Teknolojilerin Hayvancılık Sektöründe Yükselen Rolü: Akademik Çalışmaların Işığında Geleceğe Bakış
Authors: Çakmakçı Yusuf , Hurma Harun , Çakmakçı Cihan
Published: February 2024

Bu çalışmanın birinci amacı hayvancılıkta kullanılan dijital teknolojileri açıklamak, bu teknolojilerin sosyo-ekonomik ve çevresel etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. İkinci amaç ise, konu ile ilgili yapılmış çalışmaların tarihsel evrimini ortaya koymaktır. Nesnelerin interneti temelli olan bu teknolojilerin elektronik kulak küpeleri, elektronik boyun tasması, elektronik adım ölçerler, sensörler ve sanal çitler olarak ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Dahası, bu teknolojilerin özellikle, süt üretim çiftlikleri başta olmak üzere kümes hayvancılığı, küçükbaş ve domuz çiftliklerinde yaygın olarak kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Öte yandan, “Bibliyometrik Analiz” yönteminden faydalanarak konu ile ilgili yapılmış çalışmaların gelişim süreçleri incelendiğinde ise Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Çin, İngiltere ve Avustralya en çok bilimsel çalışmaların yapıldığı ülkelerin başında yer aldığı görülmüştür. Çalışmalarda, 2015 yılına kadar hassas hayvancılık, sensörler gibi konular ağırlıklı ele alınan konular iken, 2015 yılı sonrasında ise, çalışmalar makine öğrenmesi, hayvan ve insan refahı, hayvan davranışları ve derin öğrenme konularına evrildiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, hayvancılıkta dijital teknoloji kullanımının artması ile hayvan takibi, hayvan sağlığı, refahı ve verim unsurlarında optimizasyon sağlar iken işletmelerin karlılığını arttırmaktadır. Dahası, dijital teknolojiler ile hayvancılıktan kaynaklı çevresel etkilerinin (Sera gazı emisyonları, toprak ve su kirliliği) sürekli olarak takip edilebilmektedir. Kırsal alanlarda hayvancılık faaliyetlerinin dijitalleşmesiyle hem kırsal alanların gelişmesinde hem de kırsal alanlardaki göçlerin önlenmesinde fayda sağlanabilir. Ayrıca, gıda arzı ve güvenliğinin arttıracağı düşünülmektedir.
Cultivating a Culture of Innovation: The Impact of Leadership Style on Employee Well-being and Organizational Creativity
Authors: Zhang Yang
Published: February 2024

This article delves into the intricate relationship between leadership styles, employee well-being, and organizational creativity, emphasizing the pivotal role of leadership in cultivating an innovation-driven culture. The study begins with an exploration of various leadership theories pertinent to innovation, linking these styles to the multifaceted concept of employee well-being and its influence on creative output. The research highlights how different leadership approaches—ranging from autocratic and democratic to transformational and servant leadership—impact the innovation process and employee morale. By drawing upon empirical data and case studies, the study illustrates the direct correlation between a leader's style, the well-being of their team, and the resulting innovative capacity of the organization. It further discusses strategies for leaders to foster an environment conducive to creativity and well-being, underscoring the significance of a supportive leadership approach in the modern corporate landscape. The article concludes with actionable insights and future trends, providing a roadmap for leaders and organizations aspiring to harness the full potential of their workforce in driving innovation.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN LINGKUNGAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN/MITOS DENGAN PERILAKU PATUH MENGKONSUMSI TABLET FE DALAM MASA NIFAS DI BPM SILVIANTI TAHUN 2023
Authors: Silvianti Silvianti , Ginting Agus Santi Br , Jayatmi Irma
Published: February 2024

Pemberian tablet besi sebagai suplemen merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan kadar besi (Fe) dalam jangka waktu singkat, hal ini dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya defisiensi Fe pada ibu nifas yang diakibatkan karena kurangnya zat besi yang diabsorbsi tubuh melalui makanan yang mengandung zat besi. Karena pada masa nifas kebutuhan Fe meningkat pada saat melahirkan perlu tambahan Fe 300 – 350 Mg, akibatnya kehilangan darah. Pada ibu nifas jika tidak mengkonsumsi atau kekurangan zat besi dapat menimbulkan anemia. Ibu nifas hendaknya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe selama 40 hari setelah melahirkan, untuk mencegah terjadinya anemia pada masa nifas (Kapoh, Rotty, & Polii, 2021). Menurut asumsi penulis adanya hubungan antara Pengetahuan dengan Perilaku dan  Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Fe karena adanya pengertian, pengetahuan dan juga perilaku patuh ibu masa nifas. Saran bagi Ibu masa nifas, dengan dukungan keluarga dan juga lingkungan yang baik, patuhlah untuk konsumsi Tablet Fe, untuk upaya kesehatan.
Triple Bottom Line Reporting in Cambodia
Authors: Flores Edman Padilla
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT The primary aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of Cambodian public interest enterprises’ awareness of and commitment to triple bottom line (TBL) reporting. Public interest enterprises (PIEs) in Cambodia include publicly listed companies, banks, microfinance institutions, and insurance companies. Numerous managers of Cambodian PIEs believe that balancing profit, planet, and people is crucial to the organization’s success now and in the future. While they may be unfamiliar with the specific TBL name, they understand the concept of sustainability in general. Furthermore, the research reveals that Cambodian PIEs are not particularly committed to TBL reporting. While many PIE managers in Cambodia are aware of the numerous benefits of TBL implementation, they lack the commitment necessary to develop a TBL strategy and track their TBL efforts. This low level of commitment to TBL reporting demonstrates the critical need for further education and awareness of the TBL concept. Finally, education is necessary to establish a link between financial performance and sustainability. Keywords: Sustainability, triple bottom line
Unraveling the Destruction of Nature Based on Sallie McFague's View "The Universe is the Body of God"
Authors: Nainggolan Diana
Published: February 2024

Anthropocentrism is usually accused of being the cause of the birth of hierarchical relations between humans and other non-human creatures. Humans are placed at the center of everything and gain legitimacy as rulers of the universe and have an impact on the destruction of nature. Humans are required to change their perspective and behavior towards nature to save nature from further damage. This article aims to formulate a new metaphor of nature from Sallie McFague’s metaphor that the world (universe) is the body of God as an effort to maintain the sustainability of life inside the body of God. This research is carried out by reviewing literatures that are relevant. Based on the research, it was found that viewing nature as the body of God can raise awareness to preserve forests.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Kreatif Matematis Siswa SMP Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah
Authors: Fitriarosah Nuni
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif matematis antara siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan pembelajaran biasa, perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif matematis berdasarkan kategori KAM (tinggi, sedang, dan rendah) pada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan korelasi antara kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif matematis.

Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimen dengan nonequivalent control group, dan populasinya adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII pada salah satu Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Sampel terdiri dari dua kelas yaitu kelas eksperimen yang memperoleh pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan kelas kontrol yang memperoleh pembelajaran biasa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif matematis. Data yang dianalisis adalah data postes dan N-gain kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif matematis. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney U, Uji t-independent, One Way Anova dan korelasi Pearson.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa: (1) Pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran berbasis masalah lebih tinggi secara signifikan daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran biasa; (2) Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang sinifikan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran berbasis masalah ditinjau dari kategori KAM (tinggi, sedang dan rendah); (3) Pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran berbasis masalah lebih tinggi secara signifikan daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran biasa; (4) Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang sinifikan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran berbasis masalah ditinjau dari kategori KAM (tinggi, sedang dan rendah); (5) Terdapat korelasi antara kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis pada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran berbasis masalah.
Legende sociale læringsmiljøer giver plads til autistiske børns perspektiver
Authors: Paldam Ella , Rand Sophie Aabjerg , Lundsgaard Stine Strøm , Jensen Martine Lind , Fomsgaard Klara Krøyer , Gebauer Line , Steensgaard Rikke
Published: February 2024

Hvordan kan vi skabe motiverende læringsmiljøer, hvor autistiske børn engagerer sig i social refleksion? Denne artikel præsenterer en analyse af en specialpædagogisk metode til social refleksion, som er udviklet sammen med autistiske børn og deres pædagoger og lærere i forsknings-praksisprojektet CollaboLearn. Inspireret af konstruktionistisk pædagogik består metoden i en refleksionsrutine, hvor børn og voksne sammen bygger modeller, der repræsenterer de sociale dynamikker, som opstår under konstruktionsleg. Modellerne gør sociale problemstillinger og løsningsforslag konkrete og håndgribelige, og de kan gemmes og modificeres løbende, når børnene finder frem til nye løsninger sammen. Artiklen præsenterer en analyse af tre modeller, som fokuserer på 1) tilblivelsen 2) anvendelsen og 3) børnenes sociale refleksioner. Analysen viser, at refleksionsrutinen understøtter, at autistiske børn indgår i social refleksion sammen. Ved at gøre abstrakte sociale dynamikker synlige og konkrete er det muligt for børnene at gøre deres eget og andres perspektiv tilgængeligt for andre børn og voksne.
Digital leg i dagtilbud: Praksiseksempler fra et legekulturelt og praksisorienteret perspektiv
Authors: Pedersen Louisa Haugaard
Published: February 2024

I denne artikel præsenteres en række pædagogiske aktiviteter, der afspejler måder at implementere digital leg i danske dagtilbud. Formålet er at inspirere pædagogisk praksis og beslutningstagere til at overveje potentialer ved at integrere og understøtte digital leg inden for rammerne af danske dagtilbud. Dette gøres ved at gennemgå konkrete eksempler på, hvordan pædagoger og børnehavebørn udfolder en mangfoldig praksis for digital leg. Eksemplerne omfatter legende aktiviteter med interaktive gulve, tavler, tablets, pædagogiske robotter samt forskellig software, herunder videoredigeringsprogrammer, Google Earth og YouTube. Gennem eksemplerne viser artiklen, hvordan pædagogerne formår at engagere børnene i legende aktiviteter ved at kombinere digitale redskaber med fysiske oplevelser og fællesskaber. Undersøgelsen er baseret på et praksisorienteret og legekulturelt perspektiv, og den udspringer fra tre ugers feltarbejde i tre danske børnehaver, der blev udført i 2016, samt en uges feltarbejde i en dansk børnehave i 2017.
Forord: Nye stemmer og perspektiver på legens alsidighed
Authors: Holflod Kim , Pedersen Lars Dahl
Published: February 2024

Forord
Smoking and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis From Latin America
Authors: Carnero Contentti Edgar , Rojas Juan I. , Giachello Susana , Henestroza Paula , Lopez Pablo A.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Tobacco smoking is an important, modifiable, environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) with a relevant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We aimed to assess the use of tobacco in individuals with MS from Latin America (LATAM), and its impact on HRQOL.

METHODS:

We conducted a cross-sectional study based on a LATAM web-based survey. Demographics, social and clinical data, information on physical disability, and HRQOL scores were collected using the MS Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A). Individuals with MS were classified at the time of the survey as follows: never-smokers (ie, patients who reported they had never smoked), past smokers (those who had smoked tobacco but not during the past year), or current smokers. For the analysis, groups were compared.

RESULTS:

425 patients (74.6% female) from 17 LATAM countries were included, mean age 43.6 ± 11 years and median Expanded Disability Status Scale score 2. There were 122 (28.7%) current smokers, 178 (41.9%) past smokers, and 125 (30.4%) never-smokers. Current smokers had significantly higher MSIS-29 physical (physical worsening), FSS (fatigue), and HADS-A (anxiety) scores compared with past and never-smokers after being adjusted for covariables. No significant differences were observed in any of the other analyzed demographic, clinical, and therapeutic variables. Thirty percent of the current and past smokers groups had never had their neurologists discuss smoking cessation with them.

CONCLUSIONS:

Individuals with MS who were current smokers had higher fatigue and anxiety scores and worse HRQOL compared with past and never-smokers.
On the pulsating Padovan sequence
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Mersin University, Dişkaya Orhan , Menken Hamza ,   Department of Mathematics, Mersin University
Published: February 2024

A novel kind of Padovan sequence is introduced, and precise formulas for the form of its members are given and proven. Furthermore, the pulsating Padovan sequence in its most general form is introduced and the obtained identity is proved.
High-throughput mapping of single-neuron projection and molecular features by retrograde barcoded labeling
Authors: Xu Peibo , Peng Jian , Yuan Tingli , Chen Zhaoqin , He Hui , Wu Ziyan , Li Ting , Li Xiaodong , Wang Luyue , Gao Le , Yan Jun , Wei Wu , Li Chengyu T , Luo Zhen-Ge , Chen Yuejun
Published: February 2024

Deciphering patterns of connectivity between neurons in the brain is a critical step toward understanding brain function. Imaging-based neuroanatomical tracing identifies area-to-area or sparse neuron-to-neuron connectivity patterns, but with limited throughput. Barcode-based connectomics maps large numbers of single-neuron projections, but remains a challenge for jointly analyzing single-cell transcriptomics. Here, we established a rAAV2-retro barcode-based multiplexed tracing method that simultaneously characterizes the projectome and transcriptome at the single neuron level. We uncovered dedicated and collateral projection patterns of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) neurons to five downstream targets and found that projection-defined vmPFC neurons are molecularly heterogeneous. We identified transcriptional signatures of projection-specific vmPFC neurons, and verified Pou3f1 as a marker gene enriched in neurons projecting to the lateral hypothalamus, denoting a distinct subset with collateral projections to both dorsomedial striatum and lateral hypothalamus. In summary, we have developed a new multiplexed technique whose paired connectome and gene expression data can help reveal organizational principles that form neural circuits and process information.
An engineered biosensor enables dynamic aspartate measurements in living cells
Authors: Davidsen Kristian , Marvin Jonathan S , Aggarwal Abhi , Brown Timothy A , Sullivan Lucas B
Published: February 2024

Intracellular levels of the amino acid aspartate are responsive to changes in metabolism in mammalian cells and can correspondingly alter cell function, highlighting the need for robust tools to measure aspartate abundance. However, comprehensive understanding of aspartate metabolism has been limited by the throughput, cost, and static nature of the mass spectrometry (MS)-based measurements that are typically employed to measure aspartate levels. To address these issues, we have developed a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based sensor of aspartate (jAspSnFR3), where the fluorescence intensity corresponds to aspartate concentration. As a purified protein, the sensor has a 20-fold increase in fluorescence upon aspartate saturation, with dose-dependent fluorescence changes covering a physiologically relevant aspartate concentration range and no significant off target binding. Expressed in mammalian cell lines, sensor intensity correlated with aspartate levels measured by MS and could resolve temporal changes in intracellular aspartate from genetic, pharmacological, and nutritional manipulations. These data demonstrate the utility of jAspSnFR3 and highlight the opportunities it provides for temporally resolved and high-throughput applications of variables that affect aspartate levels.
Impaired updating of working memory representations in individuals with high BMI: evidence for dopaminergic mechanisms
Authors: Herzog Nadine , Hartmann Hendrik , Janssen Lieneke Katharina , Kanyamibwa Arsene , Waltmann Maria , Kovacs Peter , Deserno Lorenz , Fallon Sean James , Villringer Arno , Horstmann Annette
Published: February 2024

Everyday life requires an adaptive balance between distraction-resistant maintenance of information and the flexibility to update this information when needed. These opposing mechanisms are proposed to be balanced through a working memory gating mechanism. Prior research indicates that obesity may elevate the risk of working memory deficits, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Dopaminergic abnormalities have emerged as a potential mediator. However, current models suggest these abnormalities should only shift the balance in working memory tasks, not produce overall deficits. The empirical support for this notion is currently lacking, however. To address this gap, we pooled data from three studies (N = 320) where participants performed a working memory gating task. Higher BMI was associated with overall poorer working memory, irrespective of whether there was a need to maintain or update information. However, when participants, in addition to BMI level, were categorized based on certain putative dopamine-signaling characteristics (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms; specifically, Taq1A and DARPP), distinct working memory gating effects emerged. These SNPs, primarily associated with striatal dopamine transmission, specifically influenced updating in high-BMI individuals. Moreover, blood amino acid ratio, which indicates central dopamine synthesis capacity, combined with BMI, shifted the balance between distractor-resistant maintenance and updating. These findings suggest that both dopamine-dependent and dopamine-independent cognitive effects exist in obesity. Understanding these effects is crucial if we aim to modify maladaptive cognitive profiles in individuals with obesity.
Looking for the sponge loop: analyses of detritus on a Caribbean forereef using stable isotope and eDNA metabarcoding techniques
Authors: Olinger Lauren K. , McClenaghan Beverly , Hajibabaei Mehrdad , Fahner Nicole , Berghuis Lesley , Rajabi Hoda , Erwin Patrick , Lane Chad S. , Pawlik Joseph R.
Published: February 2024

Coral reefs are biodiverse ecosystems that rely on trophodynamic transfers from primary producers to consumers through the detrital pathway. The sponge loop hypothesis proposes that sponges consume dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and produce large quantities of detritus on coral reefs, with this turn-over approaching the daily gross primary production of the reef ecosystem. In this study, we collected samples of detritus in the epilithic algal matrix (EAM) and samples from potential sources of detritus over two seasons from the forereef at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. We chose this location to maximize the likelihood of finding support for the sponge loop hypothesis because Caribbean reefs have higher sponge abundances than other tropical reefs worldwide and the Mesoamerican barrier reef is an archetypal coral reef ecosystem. We used stable isotope analyses and eDNA metabarcoding to determine the composition of the detritus. We determined that the EAM detritus was derived from a variety of benthic and pelagic sources, with primary producers (micro- and macroalgae) as major contributors and metazoans (Arthropoda, Porifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca) as minor contributors. None of the sponge species that reportedly produce detritus were present in EAM detritus. The cnidarian signature in EAM detritus was dominated by octocorals, with a scarcity of hard corals. The composition of detritus also varied seasonally. The negligible contribution of sponges to reef detritus contrasts with the detrital pathway originally proposed in the sponge loop hypothesis. The findings indicate a mix of pelagic and benthic sources in the calmer summer and primarily benthic sources in the more turbulent spring.
The Influence of Soot on Evacuation Characteristics of Diesel Exhaust Particles: An Inhalational Toxicology Study
Authors: So Byoungwoo , Jeong Soyeong , Jeong Hyojeong , Bae Sungryong
Published: February 2024

Despite being a major combustion product during fires, soot's short-term inhalation effects are considered negligible, leading to its exclusion from the FED model. However, long-term soot exposure, prevalent due to air pollution, is linked to lung inflammation and other health concerns. Interestingly, the impact of chronic soot inhalation on motor ability remains largely unexplored, affecting not only occupational groups but also the broader population. This pilot study aimed to address this gap by investigating the toxicity of continuous soot inhalation through diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) in laboratory mice. We employed the open field maze text to assess changes in motor behavior following DEP exposure. Our results suggest a correlation between increased DEP inhalation, elevated lung cell inflammation, and impaired motor function in mice. Further research is warranted to quantitatively evaluate the impact of soot on motor ability.
Unravelling the Enigma of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumours: A Cross-sectional Study from a Regional Cancer Centre, Karnataka, India
Authors: Amirtham Usha , Mohan Rakshitha Hosur
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour (IMT) is an unusual neoplasm with intermediate malignant potential, which rarely metastasises. IMT occurs in various anatomical sites, and the initial descriptions were primarily centered on its manifestation in the lungs. Although the age range is broad, IMT is most common in the first three decades of life, with a slight female predominance. Recent data and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene aberrations confirm a neoplastic process for these lesions. Aim: To study the clinicopathological features of IMTs in a regional cancer centre in South India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study included 17 cases of IMT over six years, from May 2014 to May 2020, at Memorial Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology (KMIO), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features were analysed on needle biopsies and resected specimens. Correlation between the expression of ALK-1 and histological patterns, mimickers, metastasis, and prognosis were described. Results were analysed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and Medcalc calculator. Results: Seventeen cases of IMTs were included in this study, out of which two were in the lung, and the rest were extrapulmonary. Sixteen cases were unifocal on presentation; however, one IMT of extremity showed evidence of secondaries on bone scan. The mean age at presentation was 33.47 years, and the maleto-female ratio was 1:1.12. Among the seventeen cases, sites are as follows: one each in the retroperitoneum, liver, soft-tissue (extremity), two each in the breast, lung, female genital tract, urinary bladder, and three each in the head and neck region (maxilla, trachea, and alveolus) and mesentery. Microscopically, IMTs showed various histological patterns. Immunostaining for ALK-1 was positive in seven out of seventeen cases, and the rest were diagnosed by excluding closer mimickers. Conclusion: The present study provides crucial insights into the clinicopathological features of IMTs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an essential diagnostic tool that helps accurately differentiate IMT from its mimickers by identifying ALK protein expression. This distinction is essential for guiding targeted therapy in recurrent or metastatic cases.
N-terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) as a Marker for Risk Stratification and Prediction of Functional Outcome in Acute Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Manoj AG , Prabhakar K , Shashidhar KN
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. A large proportion of stroke survivors are left with significant disability. Assessing stroke severity and predicting morbidity and mortality is essential for treatment decisions and counseling. Traditionally used tools like the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) are not reliable in predicting mortality. Studies have shown that B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) are elevated in acute stroke. Aim: To assess the prognostic importance of NT-proBNP in stroke. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Sri Devaraj URS Medical College (SDUMC), SDUAHER, Kolar, Karnataka, India involving 64 consecutive stroke patients from July 2018 to September 2019. Serum NTproBNP levels were measured on both the day of admission and on day 7. Stroke severity was assessed using the NIHSS on admission day, and functional disability was determined using the Barthel Index (BI) at the 3-month mark. Data were entered into MS Excel for statistical analysis, where a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The average age of the subjects was 62.36 years with a standard deviation of 12.15 years. The average NIHSS on the day of admission was 12.81 (7), and it was 20.2 (5.882) among deceased patients. The mean NT-proBNP on admission was 776.70 (1023.6) pg/mL, significantly elevated in deceased patients at 2014.65 (1320.546) compared to survivors at 328.94 (239.353). NT-proBNP is strongly associated with stroke severity (NIHSS) (R2=0.522; Spearman’s correlation coefficient=0.843, p-value <0.001) and functional outcome (BI) (R2=0.824; Spearman’s correlation coefficient -0.923, p-value <0.001) at three months.On Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, a serum NT-proBNP level of 960 pg/mL had a sensitivity and specificity of 94.1% and 97.9% in predicting mortality, and a value of 435.1 pg/mL had a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 81% in predicting disability. Conclusion: Serum NT-proBNP was significantly elevated in patients after stroke and was strongly associated with stroke severity and functional outcome at three months. Measuring serum NT-proBNP on the day of admission can predict mortality and functional dependence after acute ischaemic stroke.
Estimation of Length-Weight and Condition Factor of Indian Major Carps and Selected Indigenous Fish Species in Chandrakeshar Reservoir, Dewas (M.P.), India
Authors: Parte Kamlesh , Chouhan Rajendra , Vyas Vipin , Garg R. K.
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the length-weight and condition factor of Indian major carps and selected indigenous fish species in Chandrakeshar Reservoir, located in Dewas, Madhya Pradesh, India during January, 2021 to December, 2023 throughout different seasons. The study aims to contribute valuable insights into the growth patterns and overall health status of these fish populations in the reservoir. A comprehensive survey was conducted to collect length and weight data from various individuals representing major carps, including Catla catla, Labeo rohita, and Cirrhinus mrigala, along with indigenous species prevalent in the region. The length-weight relationships for each species were determined using established methodologies, providing essential parameters for growth assessments. Concurrently, the condition factor (K) of fish well-being and habitat suitability, was calculated to evaluate the overall health and adaptability of the fish in the Chandrakeshar Reservoir. Results provides the basic information regarding fish productivity which may be suitable for better management of Indian major carps and indigenous fishes in Chandrakeshar reservoir.
Pharmacological Interventions in the Management of Alport Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sami Mohamed , Nwankwo Uchechukwu Christiana , Akpughe Ome Valentina , Goshe Mulusew Tibebu , Cutliff Riyotta T. , Madtha Saanchia Andria , Grynchak Nadiya , Ho-Sang Nicole L. , Rahman Farzana , Nayab Khudija , Razaq Saeed , Onyemarim Henry , Mesfin Kibrom Hailemariam , Berhe Thitna Surafeal , Haddad Mark Majid
Published: February 2024

Background: Alport syndrome is a genetic disorder primarily affecting the kidney, with significant renal and extrarenal complications. Despite progress in the management of Alport syndrome, effective treatment options are limited. This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence regarding potential therapeutic interventions for Alport syndrome.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The eligibility criteria included studies involving patients with Alport syndrome undergoing interventions such as bardoxolone methyl, ramipril, or losartan. Both randomized control trials and non-randomized clinical trials were considered. Key outcomes were changes in renal function parameters and disease progression. Study selection, data extraction, and synthesis were conducted according to standard systematic review guidelines.

Results: A total of 137 studies were identified initially, with four studies meeting the eligibility criteria. These studies collectively included 313 patients with a mean age range of 8.8 to 39.2 years. Three pharmacological interventions were evaluated - bardoxolone methyl, ramipril, and losartan. All demonstrated beneficial impacts on kidney function parameters. Bardoxolone methyl and ramipril showed potential in slowing disease progression, while losartan significantly lowered proteinuria. An additional finding was that the severity of the genetic variant of the disease might impact disease progression and treatment outcomes.

Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review suggest that bardoxolone methyl, ramipril, and losartan may offer promising interventions for managing Alport syndrome, potentially slowing disease progression and improving kidney function. However, the need for larger, more rigorous trials is evident to substantiate these findings and to explore the impact of genetic variant severity on disease progression and treatment response. This review underscores the importance of continued research efforts in improving therapeutic strategies and personalizing treatment for patients with Alport syndrome.