bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collective Wisdom
Authors: Cizek Katerina , Uricchio William , Anderson Juanita , Agui Carter Maria , Detroit Narrative Agency  , Harris Thomas Allen , Holmes Maori Karmael , Lachman Richard , Massiah Louis , Mertes Cara , Rafsky Sara , Stephenson Michèle , Winger-Bearskin Amelia , Wolozin Sarah
Published: November 2022

How to co-create—and why: the emergence of media co-creation as a concept and as a practice grounded in equity and justice.

Co-creation is everywhere: It's how the internet was built; it generated massive prehistoric rock carvings; it powered the development of vaccines for COVID-19 in record time. Co-creation offers alternatives to the idea of the solitary author privileged by top-down media. But co-creation is easy to miss, as individuals often take credit for—and profit from—collective forms of authorship, erasing whole cultures and narratives as they do so. Collective Wisdom offers the first guide to co-creation as a concept and as a practice, tracing co-creation in a media-making that ranges from collaborative journalism to human–AI partnerships.

Why co-create—and why now? The many coauthors, drawing on a remarkable array of professional and personal experience, focus on the radical, sustained practices of co-creating media within communities and with social movements. They explore the urgent need for co-creation across disciplines and organization, and the latest methods for collaborating with nonhuman systems in biology and technology. The idea of “collective intelligence” is not new, and has been applied to such disparate phenomena as decision making by consensus and hived insects. Collective wisdom goes further. With conceptual explanation and practical examples, this book shows that co-creation only becomes wise when it is grounded in equity and justice.
Modeling single-cell phenotypes links yeast stress acclimation to transcriptional repression and pre-stress cellular states
Authors: Bergen Andrew C , Kocik Rachel A , Hose James , McClean Megan N , Gasch Audrey P
Published: November 2022

Stress defense and cell growth are inversely related in bulk culture analyses; however, these studies miss substantial cell-to-cell heterogeneity, thus obscuring true phenotypic relationships. Here, we devised a microfluidics system to characterize multiple phenotypes in single yeast cells over time before, during, and after salt stress. The system measured cell and colony size, growth rate, and cell-cycle phase along with nuclear trans-localization of two transcription factors: stress-activated Msn2 that regulates defense genes and Dot6 that represses ribosome biogenesis genes during an active stress response. By tracking cells dynamically, we discovered unexpected discordance between Msn2 and Dot6 behavior that revealed subpopulations of cells with distinct growth properties. Surprisingly, post-stress growth recovery was positively corelated with activation of the Dot6 repressor. In contrast, cells lacking Dot6 displayed slower growth acclimation, even though they grow normally in the absence of stress. We show that wild-type cells with a larger Dot6 response display faster production of Msn2-regulated Ctt1 protein, separable from the contribution of Msn2. These results are consistent with the model that transcriptional repression during acute stress in yeast provides a protective response, likely by redirecting translational capacity to induced transcripts.
A review on abusive content automatic detection: approaches, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Alrashidi Bedour , Jamal Amani , Khan Imtiaz , Alkhathlan Ali
Published: November 2022

The increasing use of social media has led to the emergence of a new challenge in the form of abusive content. There are many forms of abusive content such as hate speech, cyberbullying, offensive language, and abusive language. This article will present a review of abusive content automatic detection approaches. Specifically, we are focusing on the recent contributions that were using natural language processing (NLP) technologies to detect the abusive content in social media. Accordingly, we adopt PRISMA flow chart for selecting the related papers and filtering process with some of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Therefore, we select 25 papers for meta-analysis and another 87 papers were cited in this article during the span of 2017–2021. In addition, we searched for the available datasets that are related to abusive content categories in three repositories and we highlighted some points related to the obtained results. Moreover, after a comprehensive review this article propose a new taxonomy of abusive content automatic detection by covering five different aspects and tasks. The proposed taxonomy gives insights and a holistic view of the automatic detection process. Finally, this article discusses and highlights the challenges and opportunities for the abusive content automatic detection problem.
Development of a prediction model to estimate the 5-year risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in haemodialysis patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Aihong , Qi Lemuge , Zhang Yanping , Ren Zhuo , Zhao Chen , Wang Qian , Ren Kaiming , Bai Jiuxu , Cao Ning
Published: November 2022

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in patients on haemodialysis. The development of a prediction model for CVD risk is necessary to help make clinical decisions for haemodialysis patients. This retrospective study aimed to develop a prediction model for the 5-year risk of CV events and all-cause mortality in haemodialysis patients in China.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 398 haemodialysis patients who underwent dialysis at the dialysis facility of the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command in June 2016 and were followed up for 5 years. The composite outcome was defined as CV events and/or all-cause death. Multivariable logistic regression with backwards stepwise selection was used to develop our new prediction model.

Results

Seven predictors were included in the final model: age, male sex, diabetes, history of CV events, no arteriovenous fistula at dialysis initiation, a monocyte/lymphocyte ratio greater than 0.43 and a serum uric acid level less than 436 mmol/L. Discrimination and calibration were satisfactory, with a C-statistic above 0.80. The predictors lay nearly on the 45-degree line for agreement with the outcome in the calibration plot. A simple clinical score was constructed to provide the probability of 5-year CV events or all-cause mortality. Bootstrapping validation showed that the new model also has similar discrimination and calibration. Compared with the Framingham risk score (FRS) and a similar model, our model showed better performance.

Conclusion

This prognostic model can be used to predict the long-term risk of CV events and all-cause mortality in haemodialysis patients. An MLR greater than 0.43 is an important prognostic factor.
Multidetector Computed Tomography Venography versus Magnetic Resonance Venography in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nethikoppula Anil Kumar , Dasaraju Vijaypavan Kumar , Gunna Nikhila Reddy , Vangala Anusha , Abhilash HD , Raziq . , Priyanka . , Meenu .
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT) is a relatively uncommon condition whose presentation is varied. The diagnostic imaging features can be subtle. The correct diagnosis of CVT relies on neuroimaging Non Contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT), CT Venography (CTV), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), MR Venography (MRV). Aim: To compare 128 slice Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) venography and MRV in CVT, taking MRV as gold standard. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India, from October 2017 to September 2019. The study constituted of 56 patients, with clinical signs and symptoms of CVT who underwent MDCT venography and MRV. NCCT with MDCT venography was carried out on HITACHI 128 slice CT machine and MR imaging was performed in 1.5 tesla SIEMENS AVANTO systems. Imaging findings analysed on NCCT were hyperdense cord sign, delta sign, and multiple parenchymal hypodense lesions in bilateral parasagittal location, bilateral thalamic hypodensities, and isolated temporal bleed and on CTV signs like empty delta / empty triangle sign. Plain MRI was assessed for involved sinuses with thrombus showing loss of expected flow void with hyperintensity on T1-Weighted (T1W) and blooming on Gradient Recalled Echo (GRE). Parenchymal changes were assessed for presence of cytotoxic oedema, vasogenic oedema and haemorrhagic infarct. MRV was assessed for nonvisualisation of involved sinus or lack of normal flow related enhancement. Results: Among the total 56 study subjects evaluated, 48 were diagnosed to have CVT on both CTV and MRV. On CTV, 147 sinuses were found to be involved, while MRV showed involvement of 142 sinuses. One case was found to be negative for thrombus on CTV but positive on TOF (Time of Flight) MRV. Both CTV and MRV were negative for CVT in seven patients. The sensitivity and specificity of NCCT in diagnosing CVT was found to be 60% and 87% respectively. Conclusion: The parenchymal changes in CVT were better evaluated on MRI. Venous abnormalities were better depicted in MRI as loss of flow voids in T1, T2 and with dark signal on GRE. Haemorrhagic bleeds were easily evaluated on MRI with 100% sensitivity of GRE sequence. CTV was easier to interpret, showed better and faster depiction of sinuses, with thin section reformatted images and showed higher spatial resolution compared to MRV.
Artificial Neural Networks and Its Applications in Chemical Industry
Authors: Jin Dian , Xu Jumei
Published: November 2022

Artificial neural networks, as an important part of artificial intelligence, have a wide scope of development to improve the traditional production technology of chemical processes with its inherent advantages of parallel structure and parallel processing, fault tolerance, full approximation of any complex nonlinear relationships, learnability and self-adaptability, etc. Thus, it has a wide scope of development to improve the problems of lagging diagnosis, difficult to optimize control, large errors in physical property estimation and inability to deal with nonlinear complex situations. This paper summarizes the theory of artificial neural network, including its structure and characteristics, and introduces its applications in different fields, especially in chemical industry.
Green Consumerism: Assessment Study among Rural People and Impact on Family Economy and Environment
Authors: Desai Rajeshwari , Chitagubbi Geeta , Kasar Shobha
Published: November 2022

The study was conducted with an objective to study the impact assessment of trainings on green consumerism in home and farm. The study was conducted in different villages namely Sulla, Surshettikoppa villages of Hubli taluk and Marewad and Kotur villages of Dharwad taluk. The total sample size comprised 239 farm women. The data was collected through self structured questionnaire with interview method. The extension method like training cum demonstration was used for imparting the knowledge regarding green consumerism. The preparation techniques of green consumer products like Paper bag making, Floor cleaner, Mosquito repellent and Dish washing liquid were imparted. The results revealed that significant knowledge difference was observed between pre test and post test scores regarding green consumerism - Paper bag making, Floor cleaner, Dish washer, Mosquito repellent among farm women of Sulla, Surshettikoppa, Marewad and Kotur villages indicated that there was no knowledge about green consumerism - Paper bag making, Floor cleaner, Dish washer, Mosquito repellent training programme there was gain in knowledge regarding green consumerism as per the post test scores after training programme women had gain knowledge about green consumption in home and farm and its positive impact on home environment and increases the family economy by adopted home green consumerism. It can promote environmental concern and enhance green consumption. Specifically, environmental responsibility has a positive impact on environmental concern and also has different positive effects on green consumption intention.
Impact of Weed Management Practices on the Weed Dynamics, Nutrient Uptake Pattern of Weeds and Direct Seeded Rice
Authors: Poojitha Kommireddy , Murthy K. N. Kalyana , Sanjay M. T. , Dhanapal G. N.
Published: November 2022

Herbicide based weed management is the emerging and effective method for controlling the weed flora of direct seeded rice. Weed growth often has an impact on crop development by interfering with plant nutrients. A two-year weed experiment with twelve treatments was set up at the University of Agricultural Sciences in Bangalore, Karnataka, India to know the effect of weed management practices on weed and nutrient dynamics in direct seeded rice. Significantly lower total weed density and biomass was observed with bispyribac sodium 10 SC 40 g a.i. ha-1 as post emergence which recorded statistically at par values with bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor 6.6 GR 660 g a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence during both the years of study. The allelochemicals used in the study performed well over unweeded control but it was far less when compared with chemical herbicides. Nutrient uptake by the direct seeded rice (82.17, 31.76 and 68.83 kg ha-1 NPK in 2020 and 89.38, 38.84 and 75.62 ha-1 NPK in 2021, respectively) and grain yield (4.98 t ha-1 in 2020 and 4.99 t ha-1 in 2021, respectively) was also reported to be higher with bispyribac sodium 10 SC 40 g a.i. ha-1 as post emergence which was on par with bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor 6.6 GR 660 g a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence. As the nutrient uptake by the crop and weeds are negatively correlated, the same treatments have recorded lower nutrient removal by the weeds. Higher weed biomass and rapid nutrient removal by weeds had resulted in poor soil nutritional status in unweeded control compared to all other treatments. Application of bispyribac sodium 10 SC 40 g a.i. ha-1 as post emergence or bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor 6.6 GR 660 g a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence  were considered to be best management practices for weed management under direct seeded  rice.
Population Dynamics of Arthropods in New Caledonian Citrus Orchards
Authors: Fage Elisa , Leroy Lise , Mille Christian G.
Published: November 2022

Aims: Agroecological infrastructures are central to the preservation of arthropod populations and ecosystem services associated. There is little data on the population dynamics of New Caledonian citrus orchards. Thus, this study focuses on the response of arthropods to four management methods in the orchard: conventional management, inter-row vegetated, row mulching and edge windbreaks.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the village of La Foa in New Caledonia. It took place over three months, from the end of February to the end of May 2022.

Methodology: To collect the greatest possible diversity of insects, four complementary trapping methods were used: pitfall traps, yellow plates, Malaise traps and sweeping nets. Once collected, the trapped insects are then sorted and identified. The sorting is done with a binocular magnifying glass. Insects are identified using specific determination keys, documentation, or with the help of the Reference Collection of Terrestrial Invertebrates of New Caledonia - Xavier Montrouzier (CXMNC). When identification is not immediately possible, a morphotype number is assigned. For each species and morphospecies, a photograph is taken. Alpha and beta diversity was studied using rarefactions, Shannon index and Generalized Linear Models.

Results: A positive effect of agroecological infrastructures on insects’ abundance and diversity was recorded. In contrast, low arthropod abundances and diversities were presented in the orchard under conventional management (P < 0.001). Mulching management was the parameter showing the much higher insects’ abundance. Moreover, populations dynamics were generally correlated with the related infrastructures. Thus, windbreaks acted as ecological corridors and the inter-row vegetation as refuge habitats for beneficial insects. 

Conclusion: These results demonstrate the damage of conventional agriculture on arthropod diversity in New Caledonian orchards. They also show that agroecological infrastructures can bring back insect biodiversity, especially with the mulching management.
Contribuições de espaços não-formais de educação na transformação social e divulgação científica: uma aprendizagem baseada no projeto de extensão universitária “Conhecendo o Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO) - Ciência, Arte e Educação”
Authors: Oliveira Camila Victória Sousa , Paiva Isabela Duarte , Dos Anjos Daniel Meira , Ferraz Danielle Ferreira Silva , De Araujo Ana Beatriz Vaz , Lucas Quéren Hapuque Beserra , Travassos Renata , Vieyra Adalberto Ramón , Ramos Isalira Peroba Rezende
Published: November 2022

A educação é um direito social, sendo uma potente ferramenta para a conscientização dos nossos direitos enquanto cidadãos, além da formação do senso de cidadania. Entretanto, para que essa educação transformadora aconteça de forma efetiva, existe ao menos um grande desafio: entendermos que, para além da educação formal, existem também as contribuições dos espaços não formais de educação, a exemplo do projeto de extensão universitária “Conhecendo o Cenabio – Ciência, Arte e Educação” do Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem. O projeto “Conhecendo o Cenabio” busca promover oficinas pedagógicas baseadas em quatro pilares: ciência, arte, inteligência emocional e ação social. Dessa forma, executamos de forma transdisciplinar experimentos científicos, jogos e dinâmicas de grupo.  Entendemos que as ações extensionistas promovidas pelo Cenabio, em parceria com instituições de ensino, complementam a educação formal, sendo capazes de fortalecer o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, contribuindo ainda para a transformação social e a divulgação científica.
Effect of different noise reduction techniques and template matching parameters on markerless tumor tracking using dual‐energy imaging
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Wagstaff Peter , Mostafavi Hassan , Lehmann Mathias , Morf Daniel , Zhu Liangjia , Kang Hyejoo , Walczak Michal , Harkenrider Matthew M. , Roeske John C.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of various noise reduction algorithms and template matching parameters on the accuracy of markerless tumor tracking (MTT) using dual‐energy (DE) imaging.

Methods

A Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator was used to acquire a series of alternating 60 and 120 kVp images (over a 180° arc) using fast kV switching, on five early‐stage lung cancer patients. Subsequently, DE logarithmic weighted subtraction was performed offline on sequential images to remove bone. Various noise reduction techniques—simple smoothing, anticorrelated noise reduction (ACNR), noise clipping (NC), and NC‐ACNR—were applied to the resultant DE images. Separately, tumor templates were generated from the individual planning CT scans, and band‐pass parameter settings for template matching were varied. Template tracking was performed for each combination of noise reduction techniques and templates (based on band‐pass filter settings). The tracking success rate (TSR), root mean square error (RMSE), and missing frames (percent unable to track) were evaluated against the estimated ground truth, which was obtained using Bayesian inference.

Results

DE‐ACNR, combined with template band‐pass filter settings of σlow = 0.4 mm and σhigh = 1.6 mm resulted in the highest TSR (87.5%), RMSE (1.40 mm), and a reasonable amount of missing frames (3.1%). In comparison to unprocessed DE images, with optimized band‐pass filter settings of σlow = 0.6 mm and σhigh = 1.2 mm, the TSR, RMSE, and missing frames were 85.3%, 1.62 mm, and 2.7%, respectively. Optimized band‐pass filter settings resulted in improved TSR values and a lower missing frame rate for both unprocessed DE and DE‐ACNR as compared to the use previously published band‐pass parameters based on single energy kV images.

Conclusion

Noise reduction strategies combined with the optimal selection of band‐pass filter parameters can improve the accuracy and TSR of MTT for lung tumors when using DE imaging.
Spatiotemporal Design of the Metal–Organic Framework DUT‐8(M)
Authors: Miura Hiroki , Bon Volodymyr , Senkovska Irena , Ehrling Sebastian , Bönisch Nadine , Mäder Gerrit , Grünzner Stefan , Khadiev Azat , Novikov Dmitri , Maity Kartik , Richter Andreas , Kaskel Stefan
Published: November 2022

Switchable metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) change their structure in time and selectively open their pores adsorbing guest molecules, leading to highly selective separation, pressure amplification, sensing, and actuation applications. The 3D engineering of MOFs has reached a high level of maturity, but spatiotemporal evolution opens a new perspective toward engineering materials in the 4th dimension (time) by t‐axis design, in essence exploiting the deliberate tuning of activation barriers. This work demonstrates the first example in which an explicit temporal engineering of a switchable MOF (DUT‐8, [M1M2(2,6‐ndc)2dabco]n, 2,6‐ndc = 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate, dabco = 1,4diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, M1 = Ni, M2 = Co) is presented. The temporal response is deliberately tuned by variations in cobalt content. A spectrum of advanced analytical methods is presented for analyzing the switching kinetics stimulated by vapor adsorption using in situ time‐resolved techniques ranging from ensemble adsorption and advanced synchrotron X‐ray diffraction experiments to individual crystal analysis. A novel analysis technique based on microscopic observation of individual crystals in a microfluidic channel reveals the lowest limit for adsorption switching reported so far. Differences in the spatiotemporal response of crystal ensembles originate from an induction time that varies statistically and widens characteristically with increasing cobalt content reflecting increasing activation barriers.
An experimental and theoretical study on the effects of amine chain length on CO2 absorption performance
Authors: Wei Ding , Luo Qinlan , Ouyang Tong , Liu Qie , Huang Yangqiang , Jin Bo , Gao Hongxia , Luo Xiao , Liang Zhiwu
Published: November 2022

To explore the effect of amine chain length on CO2 absorption performance, the reaction kinetics of CO2 absorption in aqueous 1‐dimethylamino‐2‐propanol (DMA2P), 1‐diethylamino‐2‐propanol (DEA2P), 2‐(methylamino)ethanol (MAE), and 2‐(ethylamino)ethanol (EAE) solutions with different concentrations were explored using the stopped‐flow apparatus. Additionally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to examine the reaction mechanism and the free energy barrier of the elementary reactions underlying CO2 absorption in these four aqueous amine solutions. Kinetic models for CO2 absorption in tertiary amines and secondary amines were established, based on the base‐catalyzed hydration mechanism and the zwitterion mechanism, respectively, both of which perform well in predicting the relationship between k0 and the amine concentration. The free energy barrier obtained by DFT is consistent with the activation energy barrier trend obtained by experiment. In addition, the effect of chain length on the free energy barrier was investigated through the chemical bond and weak interaction analysis.
Floating Gate Transistor‐Based Accurate Digital In‐Memory Computing for Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Han Runze , Huang Peng , Xiang Yachen , Hu Hong , Lin Sheng , Dong Peiyan , Shen Wensheng , Wang Yanzhi , Liu Xiaoyan , Kang Jinfeng
Published: November 2022

To improve the computing speed and energy efficiency of deep neural network (DNN) applications, in‐memory computing with nonvolatile memory (NVM) is proposed to address the time‐consuming and energy‐hungry data shuttling issue. Herein, a digital in‐memory computing method for convolution computing, which holds the key to DNNs, is proposed. Based on the proposed method, a floating gate transistor‐based in‐memory computing chip for accurate convolution computing with high parallelism is created. The proposed digital in‐memory computing method can achieve the central processing unit (CPU)‐equivalent precision with the same neural network architecture and parameters, different from the analogue or digital–analogue‐mixed in‐memory computing techniques. Based on the fabricated floating gate transistor‐based in‐memory computing chip, a hardware LeNet‐5 neural network is built. The chip achieves 96.25% accuracy on the full Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database, which is the same as the result computed by the CPU with the same neural network architecture and parameters.
Learning from Self‐Sealing Deformations of Plant Leaves: The Biomimetic Multilayer Actuator
Authors: Becker Jing , Speck Olga , Göppert Timo , Speck Thomas , Müller Claas
Published: November 2022

During evolution, plants have developed various functional principles for sealing and healing wounds. Prime examples are succulent leaves of Delosperma cooperi that seal external injuries within 60 min. Cross sections of intact leaves show a centripetal multilayer structure consisting of five tissues alternately under tensile and compressive prestress. Injuries destroy this mechanical equilibrium causing a deformation of the entire leaf until a new equilibrium is reached, and the wound edges meet, thereby sealing the fissure. Following this functional principle of D. cooperi leaves, a planar three‐layer materials system consisting of a sheet of shape memory polymer (SMP) with programmed temporary geometry sandwiched between two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheets is developed. After the individual sheets are bonded at room temperature, the application of heat treatment without mechanical constraints results in a prestressed multilayer system. The damage‐triggered bending behavior of the three‐layer system is described by means of an analytical model and feasibility tests establishing the self‐sealing functionality of the system. Thus, a biomimetic materials system with a self‐sealing function within the framework of a biomimetic biology push process is developed. However, the discussion herein has gone beyond the biological model, because the self‐sealing three‐layer materials system can additionally serve as an actuator.
Study of failure behaviors of rigid polyurethane foam treated under thermal and vibration conditions by experiment and numerical simulation
Authors: He Yannan , Qiu Dacheng , Yu Zhiqiang
Published: November 2022

Failure mechanism of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) treated under different conditions was studied by means of experiments and numerical simulation. Thermal degradation mechanism of RPUF under different temperatures was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis‐Fourier transform infrared spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TG‐FTIR‐GC–MS) in air and nitrogen atmosphere, respectively. And the vibration failure mechanism of RPUF was analyzed by finite element analysis (FEA) and extended finite element method (XFEM). The experimental results indicated that the failure mode in nitrogen was the broken of carbamate groups, and in air was the broken of carbamate groups and the radical decomposition of ether groups. Numerical simulation suggested that there was vibration stress concentration in the center of foam prism, which was easy to produce sliding and opening fatigue cracks during random vibration.
Multi‐color photometric observations of three asteroids in the vicinity of Vesta family
Authors: Wang Yi‐Bo , Kang Zhe , Xu Yan
Published: November 2022

The asteroid (4) Vesta, Vesta dynamic family members and asteroids residing in their vicinity, as the important informational carriers, can supply us with abundant information on the evolution of the inner solar system, such as the collision evolution process and the solar irradiation influence on the changes of the inner belt asteroidal orbits and their spin states. There are significant prospects for investigating the spin and color properties of these asteroids through multi‐color photometric observations. We developed a long‐term observational research plan, and have carried out the first implementation of this plan by using two telescopes who are equipped with the three‐channel system and the SDSS filters. In this paper, we report the corresponding observational results and the determinations of spin pole orientations for three asteroids (556) Phyllis, (620) Drakonia, and (1152) Pawona who reside in the vicinity of Vesta family, and meanwhile estimate the color indexes of Phyllis and Pawona.
Transforensic psychiatry: Addressing inpatient aggression in the “gray zone” between general and forensic psychiatric care
Authors: à Campo Joost M. L. G. , van Impelen Alfons , Hamakers Nicole , Nijman Henk L. I.
Published: November 2022

A minority of psychiatric patients are unfit for general psychiatric care due to offensive behavior that renders them at risk of coming into contact with the criminal justice system. In the absence of criminal proceedings, these patients find themselves in the “gray zone” between general and forensic psychiatric care. To accommodate these patients, we established a “transforensic” ward. Instead of applying forensic treatment elements reactively (as part of a criminal sentence, after an offense has been committed), we applied it preventively (so as to avert offending behavior and resultant criminal sentences). Psychometric psychopathology and violence risk assessment scores were substantially lower at discharge than at admission (Cohen's ds = −0.3 to −0.6). These results offer ground for cautious optimism about the efficacy of transforensic care in serving as a safety net for psychiatric patients who are found to be unfit for general psychiatric care on account of their aggressive behavior.
The performance of an electromyography‐based deep neural network classifier for external and internal focus instructions
Authors: Ay Ayse Nur , Yildiz Mustafa Zahid
Published: November 2022

External focusing (directs focus to apparatus, environment or the effect of the action) enhances motor skill learning and reduces muscular activity compared to internal focusing (leads focus to the movement or the action itself). Nevertheless, in case of electromyography (EMG) based systems such as prosthetic arms, robotic controllers, and robot‐assisted musculoskeletal rehabilitation, low EMG activity is not preferred. This present study was based on classifying attentional focus‐based EMG signals using deep neural networks. Here DB4 and HAAR wavelet coefficients of the participants' signals were extracted to be used as inputs to the proposed DNNs. The accuracy rate results found to be for DB4 and HAAR 99.07% and 99.54%, respectively. Although in previous studies, attentional focusing types could be classified at EMG activity level using artificial neural networks, our DNN results would be more reliable to be used as alternate inputs to EMG‐based control mechanisms. Besides, this study also provides the potential advantages of internal focusing especially in musculoskeletal rehabilitation sessions. Verbal instructions via internal focus might lead physicians to plan effective muscular rehabilitation treatment for patients who has suffered a stroke or a disorder of lower or upper limb extremities.
Simple, near, visual perception test for microsurgeon ‐Parallelism‐
Authors: Hirata Tetsuya
Published: November 2022

Objectives

It is well known that a good microsurgeon needs eight important factors: a high resolution view, an optimally magnified view, optimal brightness of the working field, optimal working space, fine surgical instruments and devices, fine motor skills, precise hand−eye coordination, and fine visual perceptions. Of these factors, the first five are highly depending on manufacturer development abilities. The remaining factors have a lots of possibilities that microsurgeons can improve by themselves. A microsurgeon needs to identify shape, size, angle, inclination, length, height, depth, spatial position, centering in the optical field, orthogonality, and parallelism in a second. Knowing one's tendency and acuity in perceptions, learning perceptions that one is not good at, and paying selective attention on one's difficult perceptions, will provide better surgical outcome. Aim of this series of research is designing visual targets measuring specific visual perceptions for microsurgeons, achieving mean values of each perceptions, and identifying the tendency on each perceptions.

Material and Methods

Two hundred and eighty volunteer dentists in Japan and France were tested and multiple comparisons were made among age, gender, visual acuity, three magnification levels, and inclination angles against a standard target.

Results and Coclusion

There is a tendency that identifying 1° misalignment in parallelism is difficult.
Prevalence of patients at risk for developing obstructive sleep apnea based on the STOP‐BANG questionnaire at King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry
Authors: Al‐Sebaei Maisa O. , Bamashmous Mohamed S. , Mirdad Mohamed H. , Sindi Mohammed A.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder. Its susceptibility can easily be detected when it is at an early stage as can patients who are at risk of OSA. A simple questionnaire such as STOP‐BANG (SB) can facilitate early detection. Our study aims to assess the risk of OSA and evaluate its correlating risk factors in patients attending King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry (KAUFD), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using the SB questionnaire.

Methods

Ethical approval was obtained. A random sample of patients ages 18–80 years, who visited KAUFD between November 2016 and April 2017 were recruited. Three highly trained and calibrated dental interns obtained the following measurements (weight, height, blood pressure, and neck circumference) and administered the questionnaire in a face‐to‐face interview.

Results

A total of 55 patients (62% females) participated in the study with a mean age of 34.6 years and hypertension reported as 16.4%. According to the SB, 31% of patients were found at high risk of OSA. Large neck circumference (40.22[±4.7] cm) and gender (66% males) were found to be significantly correlated with high‐risk patients; p < .001.

Conclusion

Approximately one third of the patients were at high risk of OSA, with men and patients having large neck circumference being significantly more affected. Systolic blood pressure, hypertension, and smoking were found to be high in high‐risk patients. However, they were not statistically and significantly different from those patients who were not in high risk. The role of a dentist should be to utilize the questionnaire to detect any patient at risk of OSA and refer them accordingly.
Simulation of Varroa mite control in honey bee colonies without synthetic acaricides: Demonstration of Good Beekeeping Practice for Germany in the BEEHAVE model
Authors: Schödl Isabel , Odemer Richard , Becher Matthias A. , Berg Stefan , Otten Christoph , Grimm Volker , Groeneveld Jürgen
Published: November 2022

The BEEHAVE model simulates the population dynamics and foraging activity of a single honey bee colony (Apis mellifera) in great detail. Although it still makes numerous simplifying assumptions, it appears to capture a wide range of empirical observations. It could, therefore, in principle, also be used as a tool in beekeeper education, as it allows the implementation and comparison of different management options. Here, we focus on treatments aimed at controlling the mite Varroa destructor. However, since BEEHAVE was developed in the UK, mite treatment includes the use of a synthetic acaricide, which is not part of Good Beekeeping Practice in Germany. A practice that consists of drone brood removal from April to June, treatment with formic acid in August/September, and treatment with oxalic acid in November/December. We implemented these measures, focusing on the timing, frequency, and spacing between drone brood removals. The effect of drone brood removal and acid treatment, individually or in combination, on a mite‐infested colony was examined. We quantify the efficacy of Varroa mite control as the reduction of mites in treated bee colonies compared to untreated bee colonies. We found that drone brood removal was very effective, reducing mites by 90% at the end of the first simulation year after the introduction of mites. This value was significantly higher than the 50–67% reduction expected by bee experts and confirmed by empirical studies. However, literature reports varying percent reductions in mite numbers from 10 to 85% after drone brood removal. The discrepancy between model results, empirical data, and expert estimates indicate that these three sources should be reviewed and refined, as all are based on simplifying assumptions. These results and the adaptation of BEEHAVE to the Good Beekeeping Practice are a decisive step forward for the future use of BEEHAVE in beekeeper education in Germany and anywhere where organic acids and drone brood removal are utilized.
Extrafloral nectar as entrée and elaiosomes as main course for ant visitors to a fireprone, mediterranean‐climate shrub
Authors: Lamont Byron B. , Grey James
Published: November 2022

Thousands of plants produce both extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) on their leaves and nutrient‐rich appendages on their diaspores (elaiosomes). Although their individual ecology is well‐known, any possible functional link between these structures has almost always been ignored. Here, we recognized their co‐presence in the shrub, Adenanthos cygnorum (Proteaceae), and studied their function and interaction. We observed that the same ants frequently visit both structures, seeds are attractive to vertebrate granivores but are released into a leafy cup from where they are harvested by ants and taken to their nests, from which seeds, lacking elaiosomes, germinate after fire. We showed that juvenile plants do not produce EFNs and are not visited by ants. We conclude that EFNs are not just an indirect adaptation to minimize herbivory via aggressive ant visitors (the role of a minority) but specifically enhance reproductive success in two ways: First, by inducing ants to visit the plant as a reliable food source throughout the year. Second, by promoting discovery of the seasonally available, elaiosome‐bearing seeds for transport to their nests (the majority of visitors), so avoiding the risk of granivory should seeds instead fall to the ground. Parasitoid wasps play a supporting role in controlling the main insect herbivore whose larvae devour the reproductive apices. Thus, the EFN‐elaiosome relationship has three components that enhance species fitness: foliage protection, seed transport, and granivore escape. A similar system has been described only once before (in an unrelated biome) and, consistent with the objectives of ecology as an integrative science, deserves wider study.
Can seasonal fire management reduce the risk of carbon loss from wildfires in a protected Guinea savanna?
Authors: Awuah Joana , Smith Stuart W. , Speed James D. M. , Graae Bente J.
Published: November 2022

Fire is fundamental to the functioning of tropical savannas and routinely used as a management tool. Shifting prescribed burning from later to earlier in the growing season has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, large uncertainties surround the impact of seasonal burning on longer term plant and soil carbon sequestration. In this study, we quantify ecosystem carbon storage across burn seasons and histories in a wet‐to‐mesic Guinea tropical savanna in Mole National Park, Ghana. Aboveground (plant and litter) and belowground (soil plus roots) carbon storage was quantified across four burning seasons and histories: recent (<3 years) early‐season burns, recent late‐season burns, old (>4 years) late‐season burns, and long‐unburned (>15 years) sites. We found that recent late‐season burns significantly lowered belowground carbon storage to a depth of 17 cm compared with all other burn seasons and histories. Belowground carbon was 1.2 kg C m−2, or 27% lower, for recent late‐season burns compared with prescribed early‐season burns. However, in older late‐season burns sites, belowground carbon “recovered” after 4–13 burn years to comparable storage as long‐unburned and early‐season burn sites. For most aboveground carbon pools, there was no significant difference in carbon storage across burn seasons and histories, except higher aboveground tree carbon in long‐unburned sites. We suggest that observed changes in belowground carbon are likely due to the turnover and production of root carbon. Prescribed early‐season burning is promoted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and our findings affirm that early‐season burning has limited impact on plant and soil carbon stocks compared with long‐unburned sites. While early‐season burning regimes will have some patches that become late‐season wildfires, our results suggest on balance early‐season burning regimes are a low‐risk land management practice in reducing plant and soil carbon storage losses and sustaining a patch‐mosaicked landscape with multiple other ecosystem service benefits for savannas.
Targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3 with CHIR99021 negatively regulates allergen‐induced mast cell activation
Authors: Crozier Robert W. E. , Fajardo Val A. , MacNeil Adam J.
Published: November 2022

Mast cells are granulated immune sentinels responsible for allergic inflammation. Allergen‐induced FcεRI‐signaling leads to rapid degranulation in the early‐phase and sustained production and release of pro‐inflammatory mediators in the late phase. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a constitutively active serine/threonine kinase and a central molecular convergence point for several pro‐inflammatory pathways. GSK3 inhibition has been shown to reduce inflammation but has not yet been fully characterized in mast cell activation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate GSK3 as a putative therapeutic target in allergic inflammation using the GSK3 inhibitor, CHIR99021. Here, we found that GSK3 inhibition impaired ROS production and degranulation. Through modulation of MKK4‐JNK, c‐jun, and NF‐κB signaling, GSK3 inhibition reduced the production/release of IL‐6, IL‐13, TNF, and CCL1, while only the release of CCL2 and CCL3 was impaired. Furthermore, CHIR99021‐mediated GSK3 inhibition altered the pro‐inflammatory phenotype of mast cells, reducing c‐kit receptor levels. This implicated GSK3 in FcεRI signaling, reducing release of IL‐6, TNF, and CCL1 when stimulated through FcεRI, while CCL2 and CCL3 remained unaffected, and were increased when stimulated with SCF only. These results identify GSK3 as a potential therapeutic target of utility warranting further consideration in contexts of pathological mast cell activation.
The role of vividness of imagery in metaphor generation
Authors: Stephan Elena , Shidlovski Daniella , Shanetzki Maya , Agajany Karin , Mashal Nira
Published: November 2022

Pointing to novel links between mental representation and social communication, we examine the association between vividness of imagery and use of metaphors. In a study on individual differences and three experiments, we demonstrate that vivid imagery is linked to greater use of metaphors and that this relationship is bi‐directional. We also show that this relationship is stronger in the context of negative valence. We demonstrate that vivid imagery results in greater generation of metaphors (in particular, for negative concepts). In examining the reverse direction of influence, we show that in the negative (rather than positive) context, use of metaphors results in greater perceptions of vividness. We suggest that vividness can be signified and produced by using metaphors that play an important role in meaning making and communication.
The Emerging Certified Natural Gas Market
Authors: Mallett Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

The natural gas industry is increasingly utilizing certified natural gas as a means to address Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) commitments, with a particular emphasis on the reduction of methane emissions. Certified natural gas has emerged as a multi‐faceted commodity that has stirred up considerable debate as it begins to reach beyond bilateral transactions between producers and end users, and into the tariff filings and business practices of transportation providers and other actors along the natural gas supply chain. As this article surveys the landscape of certified natural gas and provides an overview of the well‐known certification providers, it will also explore a few of the issues and concerns raised by commenters within several Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) dockets concerning the Tennessee Natural Gas PCG Pooling Service Option—the first tariff proposal of its kind by an interstate pipeline to establish paper pools for the sale and purchase of certified natural gas. Finally, this author will take a brief glance at the North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB) efforts to facilitate certified natural gas transactions through the ongoing development of a standardized NAESB Certified Gas Addendum to the NAESB Base Contracts for Sale and Purchase of Natural Gas.
A Glimpse into Environmental Sustainability Measures Worldwide
Authors: Ross Jerrell , Ramzan Shaheena , Nkeih Endam
Published: November 2022

Environmental sustainability is one of the biggest issues affecting the modern world. Globally, energy‐related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions rose by 6 percent in 2021 to 36.3 billion tons from 2020, which is the highest level these emissions have ever been. Over the last decade, interest in environmental sustainability has increased, both on a micro‐ and a macroeconomic level. On a microeconomic level, stakeholders are increasingly concerned about the environmental performance of their businesses and are evaluating and exploring avenues for improvement within their operations. On a macroeconomic level, countries are setting robust goals and drafting policies that will help reduce their CO2 emissions and improve their environmental performance.