bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of novel binaphthol admixture on the hydration characteristics and mechanical properties of OPC pastes
Authors: El-Gamal Safaa Mohamed A. , Abo-El-Enein Salah A. , Ahmed Nour EL-Din , Abdelnaby Ahmed A.
Published: February 2018

The main goal of the investigation reported in this paper was the preparation of a novel aromatic admixture and its use for improving the physicochemical and rheological properties of fresh and hardened ordinary Portland cement (OPC) pastes. The effects of the addition of 0·25, 0·50, 0·75 and 1·00% (by mass of OPC) of the novel aromatic organic admixture (sodium 5,5′-diformyl-2,2′-dioxido-1,1′-binaphthyl-4,4′-disulfonate (SDD)) on the hydration characteristics, rheological and mechanical properties of OPC pastes were studied. The admixture was characterised using elemental analysis, infrared spectra and hydrogen magnetic resonance spectra techniques. The results revealed that the addition of SDD to OPC pastes caused a notable improvement in both rheological and mechanical properties of various hardened cement pastes at almost all ages of hydration. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis obtained for the neat and admixed OPC hardened pastes indicated that the main hydration products formed were nearly amorphous and microcrystalline calcium silicate hydrates, gehlenite-like calcium alumino-silicate hydrate and/or calcium aluminate hydrate and portlandite.
A National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management System for South Africa
Authors: Stevens LB , Goodwin J , Salisbury E , Ahlgren C , Mangwana P , Nierop MV
Published: February 2018

South Africa has committed to reducing its contribution to the global GHG budget. It ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol. The UNFCCC stipulates that Non-Annex 1 countries are required to submit inventory reports every two years as part of their Biennial Update Reports (BURs) or National Communications (NCs). To assist with this increased reporting a National GHG Inventory Management System (NGHGIS), with new internal procedures and capacities, is being developed. The NGHGIS has been designed to ensure transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness and accuracy of the GHG inventory. It ensures the quality of the inventory through planning, preparation and management of inventory activities. The NGHGIS has been set up in a web-based, collaborative platform that allows for document management, sharing and storage. The main components of the NGHGIS are the (a) organisational structure; (b) inventory preparation work plan where responsibilities are assigned; (c) data supplier and stakeholder lists; (d) input datasets (linked to the stakeholder list) providing information on required data, MOU’s, and data due dates; (e) quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) objectives, checks, logs and tools; (f) emission calculation method statements; (g) GHG inventory outputs which include estimation files, a trend viewer and a public website; and (h) improvement plans. In addition to the web-based system, new institutional arrangements and data flows have been proposed, the legal landscape has been mapped, draft MOUs for data suppliers have been drawn up and a detailed QA/QC plan has been developed. The final stage of the NGHGIS is the development of the data collection plan and technical guidelines for the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) and Waste sectors. The centralised NGHGIS will reduce the loss of information, improve continuity between inventories and assist in the timely completion of inventory updates.
Understanding the atmospheric circulations that lead to high particulate matter concentrations on the west coast of Namibia
Authors: Liebenberg-Enslin H , Rauntenbach H , Sibiya B , Oosthuizen R
Published: February 2018

Atmospheric circulations play a significant role in determining the extent and impact of local and regional air pollution. The Erongo Region, located in the western part of Namibia, falls within the west coast arid zone of southern Africa, and is characterised by low rainfall, extreme temperatures and unique climatic factors influencing the natural environment and biodiversity. Episodic dust storms, associated with easterly wind conditions, are common during austral autumn and winter months. During these events, dust is transported westwards over long distances across the Namibian continent towards the Atlantic Ocean. During 2017, such easterly wind conditions appeared to occur earlier and more frequently than in previous years. Of interest is that high PM10 concentrations (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of less than or equal to 10 micron) measured at the coastal towns of Swakopmund and Walvis Bay in the Erongo Region during 2017 were found to also coincide with south-westerly to north-westerly winds from the ocean during prevailing easterly wind events. In this study, the easterly wind events that occurred on 19 March 2017 and 6 July 2017 were assessed to investigate how local-scale coastal atmospheric circulation changes could have developed from the easterly wind conditions, and how such development could have contributed to wind direction deviations and the high PM10 concentrations measured at Swakopmund and Walvis Bay. It was found that in addition to the westward transport of PM10 from inland sources during easterly wind events, higher coastal concentrations of PM10 can also develop as a result of north-easterly / south-westerly wind conversion lines and the cyclonic circulation enhancement associated with easterly wind induced coastal troughs and coastal lows.
Effect of inorganic or organic selenium supplementation on productive performance, egg quality and some physiological traits of dual-purpose breeding hens
Authors: Attia Y.A. , Abdalah A.A. , Zeweil H.S. , Bovera F. , Tag El-Din A.A. , Araft M.A.
Published: February 2018

One hundred and twenty (100♀ + 20♂) 30-weeks-old dual-purpose breeding hens of Gimmizah strain were housed in individual cages in a semi-open house. Birds were distributed randomly into five treatments of 20♀ + 4♂. The 1st treatment was fed a control (unsupplemented) diet (17.5% CP and 11.4 MJ per kg diet) containing 0.10 mg Se/kg (low level). The 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th treatments were fed the control diet supplemented with 0.15 and 0.30 mg Se/kg from inorganic (sodium selenite) and organic (selenomethionine, as Se-yeast Selplex® Alltech, Nicholasville, USA) sources, respectively. The total concentration of Se in experimental diets was 0.25 (medium level) and 0.40 ppm (high level). Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period (30–50 weeks of age). Different Se levels of the organic and inorganic form and their interaction did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect egg production percentage, and most of egg quality traits. Egg weight and egg mass significantly (P < 0.002) increased and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly (P < 0.04) improved due to Se supplementation compared with hens fed the control diet. Piped embryos and spleen percentage significantly (P < 0.05) decreased due to Se supplementation. In addition, the level of organic and inorganic Se and their interaction significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased the plasma cholesterol concentration. Tibia Ca and P percentages and yolk selenium concentration significantly (P < 0.03; P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) increased due to Se supplementation and the greatest increase was recorded by a group fed diet with the high level (0.40) of organic Se. The duodenal and intestinal mucosa of the ileum was negatively affected by the high level of inorganic Se while chickens fed the organic form showed less toxic effects in hepatic and splenic tissues than those receiving the inorganic form. In conclusion, the organic and inorganic Se supplementation at 0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg diet, which corresponded to a dietary level of 0.25 and 0.40 mg/kg diet, improved the productive and reproductive performance of Gimmizah breeding hens. A decrease in plasma total cholesterol and an improvement in the bone mineralization were observed. The level of 0.25 mg/kg diet of organic Se was adequate to enrich eggs, which may be recommended for practical application and which would improve the consumer health benefit.
ANXA9, SLC27A3, FABP3 and FABP4 single nucleotide polymorphisms in relation to milk production traits in Jersey cows
Authors: Kulig H. , Kowalewska-Łuczak I. , Kmieć M. , Wojdak-Maksymiec K.
Published: February 2018

Milk components originating from blood plasma substrates are synthesized in epithelial cells of the mammary gland. Milk lipids are synthesized from fatty acids which bind to specific proteins – FABPs (fatty acid binding proteins). FABPs are a family of small cytoplasmic proteins; nine members of the family have been identified so far (FABP1–FABP9) (Chmurzyńska et al., 2006). Their main roles include fatty acid uptake, transport and metabolism. FABPs can modulate the fatty acid concentration in cells and therefore they affect different cellular processes, especially lipid metabolism. FABP3 and FABP4 are present in tissues with a high demand for fatty acids, such as heart muscle, skeletal muscles, lactating mammary gland, liver or adipose tissue (Roy et al., 2003). FABP3 gene was mapped to bovine chromosome 2 (Calvo et al., 2004), where QTLs affecting milk fat yield and content were described (Khatkar et al., 2004). FABP4 gene was mapped to BTA14 (Michal et al., 2006), which is very rich in QTLs for milk production traits (Khatkar et al., 2004). Fatty acid transport is assisted by the specific proteins called FATPs (fatty acid transport proteins). This protein group includes SLC27A3 (solute carrier family 27, member 3). It belongs to the family of proteins that facilitate long-chain fatty acid transport across the cytoplasmic membrane. Another protein with similar functions is ANXA9 (annexin A9), the member of Ca2+ and phospholipid-binding protein family (Calvo et al., 2006b). Genes encoding SLC27A3 and ANXA9 were mapped to chromosome 3, within the region where QTLs for milk fat content and the other milk traits have been mapped. Both of the above-mentioned genes are expressed in the mammary gland (Calvo et al., 2006b). The polymorphic sites (SNPs – single nucleotide polymorphisms) within the bovine FABP3, FABP4, SLC27A3 and ANXA9 genes were identified (Wu et al., 2005; Calvo et al., 2006b; Michal et al., 2006; Cho et al., 2008). Associations between SNPs in these genes and milk production traits in cattle have not been reported so far. However, polymorphism in the FABP4 gene has been significantly associated with carcass traits in cattle (Michal et al., 2006; Cho et al., 2008). Due to their expression sites, physiological properties and chromosomal localisation, the described genes might be considered as candidate genes for milk production traits. The aim of this study was to determine allele and genotype frequencies and to establish possible associations between the ANXA9, SLC27A3, FABP3 and FABP4 SNPs, and selected milk traits in Jersey cows.
Capillary electrophoretic and liquid chromatographic determination of synthetic dyes in non-alcoholic drinks and wine samples
Authors: Jančářová I. , Vondráčková A. , Šlampová A. , Kubáň V.
Published: February 2018

Synthetic dyes in wine, juices, lemonades, instant and non-alcoholic drinks were determined by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-VIS diode-array detection (DAD). The results were in the very good agreement (the relative deviations D < 16%, D < 14% and D < 15% between CE/UV-VIS, CE/HPLC and HPLC/UV-VIS, respectively, D < 6% in majority of samples) with those obtained by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. A borate/phosphate buffer of pH 9.0 (12.5mM borate and 12.5mM phosphate) containing 40mM sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) was selected as an electrolyte for CE. A 50mM phosphate buffer and 5mM tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) water solution of pH 4.2 in 38% (v/v) acetonitrile were used as a mobile phase for isocratic HPLC separation on Sepharon SGX C18 (3 × 150 mm, 5 µm) column. RSDs for individual colorants were < 0.5% for migration times, < 3% for electrophoretic peak areas, < 0.9% for retention times and < 2.4% for HPLC peak areas. Limits of quantitations (LOQs for 10 S/N) were 1.5–3.3 mg/l for CE when using 50 µm I.D. separation capillary or 0.2 to 0.4 mg/l for HPLC.
Influence of yogurt cultures on benzoic acid content in yoghurt
Authors: Hejtmánková A. , Horák V. , Dolejšková J. , Louda F. , Dragounová H.
Published: February 2018

Benzoic acid is not the natural metabolite in ruminants, therefore it is blocked in their gastrointestinal system in the form of benzoylglycine (hippuric acid). Change of hippuric acid into benzoic acid is realized by yoghurt cultures during yoghurt preparation. The influence of yoghurt cultures most frequented species J22, WV2, JK, T767 + T, J2, RX, JOB, WV3 and two strains MILCOM a. s. Laktoflora (used for preparation of yoghurt cultures) on benzoic acid level was tested on model yoghurts, produced from cow milk. One model of yoghurt was produced from goat milk, inoculated with yoghurt culture WV2. The levels of benzoic acid were determined by HPLC with SOP (standard operation procedure) used by the Czech Agricultural and Food Inspection. All experimental samples were prepared by the same technology and the same starting raw material and inoculated by the above 8 most frequently used yoghurt cultures. Differences between the used yoghurt cultures were found and statistically confirmed.
Effect of the year and storage on ascorbic acid content and total polyphenol content in three apple varieties
Authors: Lachman J. , Orsák M. , Pivec V. , Kučera J.
Published: February 2018

Ascorbic acid (AA) and total polyphenol content (TP) are important plant antioxidants with many healthy effects, such as ”scavengers of free radicals”, they inhibit oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, lower cholesterol levels, decrease fragility of blood vessels and increase their permeability, decrease heart coronary risk, etc. One of important sources of these compounds in human nutrition are apples. In two years (1997 and 1998) was investigated ascorbic acid content (AA) and total polyphenol content (TP) in three apple varieties (Idared, Gloster and Ontario) cultivated under equal conditions on the experimental plot of Czech University of Agriculture in Prague-Suchdol. AA content was determined by titration method with 2,6-dichlorphenolindophenol and TP content spectrophotometrically with Folin-Ciocalteau’s reagent. In two years’ trials AA and TP contents were estimated immediately after harvest in September and then monthly during storage for six months at +5°C. Statistically high significant differences were determined both in AA and TP contents during storage period – there was observed meaningful AA and TP decrease. The highest antioxidant content showed in both years early variety Ontario (in average 12.05 mg/kg AA, 2011.5 mg/kg TP), the lowest semi-early variety Gloster (in average 5.45 mg/kg AA, 1738.0 mg/kg TP). In this context the variety Ontario is the most favourable. The highest decrease of AA content was in variety Ontario (–30.05 %rel), the lowest in variety Gloster (–22.93 %rel ); in TP contents were differences negligible (–27.14 and –27.82 %rel). In spite of this decrease were in Ontario variety both values after six months storage the most favourable (8.45 mg/kg AA, 1466.5 mg/kg TP). Results were statistically evaluated with F-test and t-test. There could be seen differences among varieties and years of cultivation, but these differences were under the level of statistical significance showing only apparent tendencies. While varietal differences in decreasing of AA content during storage were greater (in interval from –22.93 %rel in Gloster variety to –30.05 %rel in Ontario variety), decreasing of TP contents during storage was nearly the same (about –27 %rel of original content
Phenotypic features and enzymatic profile of a Lactococcus lactis strain isolated from wara, an indigenous cheese product from Nigeria
Authors: Olasupo N.A.
Published: February 2018

A lactic strain coded NA 1300, isolated from wara, a Nigerian cheese product, was identified as Lactoccus lactis, on the basis of sugar fermentation pattern, and other physiological and biochemical characteristics and by DNA-DNA hybridization. The enzytmatic profile of strain NA 1300 indicated the presence of a wide spectrum of enzymes. The organism exhibited relatively weak esterase and lipase activities as compared with peptidases. The strain showed no proteinase activity. The results are discussed in relation to the role of enzymes in starter selection for cheese production.
Benzoic acid in some milk products from the market in the Czech Republic
Authors: Hejtmánková A. , Dolejšková J. , Horák V. , Dragounová H. , Louda F.
Published: February 2018

Benzoic acid is a natural component of fermented milk products. The level of benzoic acid depends on the level of hippuric acid in used milk and on the process of dairy product manufacture, especially on the technologically used microorganisms. A hygienic limit 30 mg/kg of benzoic acid in milk products was laid down in the Czech Republic in 1997. In our study we determined the levels of benzoic acid in model yoghurts and in some milk products from Czech market. The benzoic acid content was determined by HPLC, by the use of our modification of the provisional IDF standard 139(1987). All samples of model yoghurts and all samples of milk products from the market showed levels of benzoic acid below the newly set hygienic limit. Highest level of benzoic acid was determined in the sample of white cheese (22.85 mg/kg), all other products based on white cheese showed average levels. Cottage cheese products (sample P), which belongs to the family of milk products for children, showed a very low level of benzoic acid, which is considered as a very positive result.
Screening of strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for ethanol fermentation of very-high-gravity substrates
Authors: Bafrncová P. , Šmogrovičová D. , Foltin T. , Sláviková I. , Pátková J.
Published: February 2018

A strain usable for fermentation of highly concentrated substrates by very-high-gravity fermentation technology (VHG) was selected on the basis of fermentation activity of the strains at high initial substrate concentrations and in the presence of exogenously added ethanol. The capacity of 35 distillery, baker’s and wine strains of yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ferment high glucose concentrations was studied in a medium without ethanol addition and with addition of 10% ethanol by volume. Three strains were selected on the basis of biomass increments, degree of glucose utilization and concentration of produced ethanol. Maximum concentration of produced ethanol and ethanol productivity expressed as the amount of produced ethanol in a given volume within a time interval were compared in media with increasing glucose concentrations (250, 300, 350 and 400 g/l). The highest ethanol concentration (74.4 g/l) and highest ethanol productivity (1.38 g/l/h) was recorded in strain Pz 90 at a glucose concentration of 400 g/l in medium. An increase in biomass concentration (up to 18 g/l) led to further increase in ethanol productivity (2.84 g/l).
Evaluation of beer quality by sensory analysis
Authors: Nuyen Ti Tu Hong , Valentová H. , Velíšek J. , Čepička J. , Pokorný J. , Pudil F.
Published: February 2018

The flavour of pasteurised and stored beer was evaluated by a panel of 12 assessors. The sensory analysis consisted of combined hedonic evaluation and sensory profiling using unstructured graphical scales and 31 descriptors. The obtained results were evaluated by multivariate statistical methods (principal components analysis and linear discrimination analysis) which allow visualisation of relations between individual descriptors and samples and enable classification of samples to groups according to pasteurisation intensity and storage time.
Antioxidant complex of bioflavonoids and ascorbic acid in apples (Malus pumila Mill.) – a review
Authors: Lachman J. , Orsák M. , Pivec V.
Published: February 2018

In this review article it is given an information about the composition of flavonoid complex of apples (Malus pumila Mill.). It is discussed the influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on polyphenolic antioxidant content (varietal differences, influence of locality, year, maturity, pre-harvest treatment, storage, technological ways of processing) and the relation between the polyphenol content and the resistance of apple varieties. During storage there is an apparent decrease of both ascorbic acid and polyphenols. Contents of anthocyanins and chalcones are in positive correlation with resistance of apple trees to low and variable temperatures. During maturation of apple fruits synthesis and accumulation of polyphenols, esp. anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid was determined. Meanwhile polyphenols are substrates of polyphenol oxidases in the process of enzymic browning, ascorbic acid is a natural inhibitor of this browning deterioration. Process of enzymic browning of apple fruits and juices could be inhibited with ascorbic and citric acid addition to apple products. Polyphenol content could be influenced by pre-harvest and technological procedures.
Pathogenic micro-organisms in waste waters from daiies
Authors: Navrátilová P.
Published: February 2018

Waste waters from dairies were tested for the presence of bacterial pathogens – Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. The prevalence of bacteria was investigated in each stage of the cleaning process (activated sludges systems) too. Two hunder samples of raw waste water, activated sludge, returned activated sludge, excess sludge and treated water from 14 dairies were tested. The samples were all negative for Salmonella spp. From a total of 102 (51%) strains Listeria spp., Listeria inoccua 95 (47.5%) and Listeria monocytogenes 7 (3.5%) were identified. 47 samples were positive for S. aureus. L. monocytogenes were detected in raw waste water 1 (1.6%), in activated sludge 3 (5.5%), in excess sludge 1 and in treated water 2 (3.1%). S. aureus were detected in raw waste water 14 (22.6%), in activated sludge 23 (41.8%), in excess sludge 1 and in treated water 8 (12.3%). These results demonstrate a prevalence of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus in waste waters from dairies. During the cleaning process pathogenic bacteria were not devitalized. The excess sludge and treated water including pathogenic micro-organisms represent a potential health hazard.
Verification of prediction of growth of Listeria monocytogenes micro-organism in chicken meat
Authors: Landfeld A. , Karpíšková R Houška M. , Kýhos K. , Novotná P.
Published: February 2018

Raw chicken meat was comminuted and homogenised. There were measured water activity and pH (aw = 1 for temperature 25°C, pH = 5.8 for temperature 8°C). Input raw material was investigated for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (negative) and the raw meat was inoculated by Listeria monocytogenes CCM 4699. Number of Listeria monocytogenes, total plate count and number of coliforms were determined in the range 0–7 days by bacteriological survey for the storage temperatures 4.9, 7 and 8.3°C. The increase of Listeria monocytogenes counts has been registered for temperature 4.9°C about log 1.5 CFU/g after 6 days, for temperatures 7 and 8.3°C about 2 log CFU/g (regarding to the starting counts). The prediction for listeria growth with the aid of Food MicroModel was also made. The best agreement between the experimentally analysed number of bacteria and prediction was received for the lowest incubation temperature 4.9°C.
Controlled thawing of foods
Authors: Hoke K. , Klíma L. , Grée R. , Houška M.
Published: February 2018

The various ways of thawing of model food made for comparison of these processes from point of view of duration. The experiments were conducted under condition that the surface temperature of the thawed food did not overcome 15°C. Shortest mean time of thawing was achieved for vacuum-steam thawing. Regarding to the regime chosen the time of thawing varied between 18.4–29 min. The similar process of vacuum thawing with steam generated from hot water placed below the food was also successful. For this process the mean time of thawing was predicted between 30.5 and 35 min. If the starting temperature of the water was below the boiling point at vacuum level in the chamber the time of thawing was much longer (about 49 min). For hot air thawing we have tested two regimes with temperature of air 50 and 70°C. For both air temperatures the times of thawing were similar being 52.1 and 53.6 min, respectively. Microwave thawing was depending on the power of microwave oven. The time of thawing was achieved 28.9 min at power level 1, at power level “thawing” the process duration was 34.4 min.
The properties and quality of goat and sheep milk and its products – a review
Authors: Hozová B. , Grejtáková M.
Published: February 2018

The newer knowledge from the field of the quality evaluation of goat and sheep milk and milk products are reviewed in this paper. The negative influence of microbial and chemical contamination and methods of determination are described. The significance of monitoring of the conditions (pasteurization, hygienic control) to ensure public health are accented. Quality standards adjusted for the specifics of goat/sheep milk should be considered.
Importance of the fungus Cytospora rubescens Fr. in relation to dieback of Sorbus aucuparia L.
Authors: Juhásová G. , Ivanová H.
Published: February 2018

During 1997–1999 the health condition of Sorbus aucuparia L. in the urban environment of the town Nitra was evaluated in relation to the type of usage or location of the trees, and occurrence, spread and harmfulness of the parasitic fungus Cytospora rubescens Fr. The developmental stages of the fungus in field and laboratory conditions, the virulence and growth rates of the mycelium isolated from trees of different usage or location was determined. The degree of damage by C. rubescens to S. aucuparia in Nitra was determined. No direct relation between degree of damage and the content of nine elements in the fungus C. rubescens was found.
Flight patterns of Hedya dimidioalba, Spilonota ocellana and Pandemis heparana (Lep.: Tortricidae) based on data from pheromone traps
Authors: Stará J. , Kocourek F.
Published: February 2018

During 1992–1999 the flight activity of Hedya dimidioalba, Spilonota ocellana and Pandemis heparana was investigated by pheromone traps placed in six apple orchards and a plum orchard in Central and East Bohemia. The cumulative catches of each species were plotted against time of the catch expressed as the sum of degree-days above 10°C (H. dimidioalba and S. ocellana) and 8°C (P. heparana) and approximated by Richards’ function. Common parameters of Richards’ function could be found for Hedya dimidioalba and Spilonota ocellana from all localities. In Pandemis heparana the flight pattern was different for groups of localities with similar climatic conditions. It was found that the beginning, peak and end of the flight activity of these species in the Czech Republic can be reasonably predicted.
Silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti [L.] Beauv.) – a new host and reservoir of wheat dwarf virus
Authors: Vacke J Cibulka R.
Published: February 2018

Wheat dwart virus (WDV) was detected by serological assays and transmission tests in samples of silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti [L.] Beauv.) that were taken in the field and showed signs of dwarfing, leaf yellowing and inflorescence reduction. This grass species is a new WDV host, not described until now. Transmission tests indicated that this grass is an efficeint source of infection for the vector of the virus, the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus Dahlb. Surveys at nine localities revealed a medium to high incidence of WDV in silky bent grass, which is a weed species frequently infesting cereal stands in the Czech Republic. As a natural reservoir of the virus this grass can play an important role in its epidemiology.
LEMMATIZING TEXTBOOK CORPUS FOR LEARNER DICTIONARY OF BASIC VOCABULARY
Authors: Astika Gusti
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to lemmatize the vocabulary used in textbooks with the purpose to provide information for dictionary entries that are relevant to the learners.  Although dictionaries for learners are commercially and electronically available, they may not be relevant to the learners’ needs for vocabulary learning in class, or may not have been designed for specific pedagogical purposes. To bridge this gap, the vocabulary used in some textbook series were analyzed using the vocabulary profiler available in Lextutor.com to identify the lemmas of different frequency levels. The analysis shows that the total number of lemmas in the textbooks were approximately about 58% of the total number of the most frequently used lemmas in the New General Service List (Browne, Culligan, & Phillips, 2013). Further exploration of the lexicogrammatical environment in the textbook corpus discovered lexical items that behave differently with regard to functions and meanings. These findings should provide lexicographers or teachers with useful information about word entries for a relevant learner dictionary to be used in the classroom.
SIGHT TRANSLATION AND ITS STATUS IN THE TRAINING OF INTERPRETERS AND TRANSLATORS
Authors: Krapivkina O. A.
Published: February 2018

Sight translation has been considered as a supportive teaching method for simultaneous and consecutive interpretation for a long time and, due to recent developments in various fields such as business, law, science, and technology, it has gained more attention beyond simultaneous and consecutive interpretation. However, research on how sight translation is applied seems to be rare. This study, thus, aims to investigate the challenges and exercises to overcome them to improve student’s sight translation. This research employed a descriptive analysis using teacher’s assessment and students’ self-assessment questionnaire. There were 57 students in the final year at a university in Russia participating in the research. They were asked to conduct a sight translation of 248 words text. The finding shows that public speaking is the most challenging criteria for the students to achieve and the least challenging criteria are to deal with the register and genre convention. The article concludes that the following aspects of sight translation should become a training focus: clarity and fluency of delivery, the coherence of discourse, factual and linguistic accuracy, compliance with register and genre conventions, appropriate speaking speed rate, information timeliness, appropriate tone, volume, and voice projection. Some exercises in enhancing students’ sight translation are also provided. It is recommended that sight translation is taught to the students separately from other modes of interpreting because of different skills combination.
A study on relationship of age at first coitus and number of conceptions with the development of uterine cervical dysplasia in women undergoing VIA screening at community health centre, Muradnagar, U.P., India
Authors: Vashist Sunita , Singh Narendra
Published: February 2018

Background: Cancer of cervix is a common cancer that affects Indian women physically psychologically, socially and financially. The disease affects not just the women but also her family and society. Development of cervical dysplasia is highly associated with age of first coitus and number of conception of women. This study was designed to study the correlation between age of first coitus and number of conceptions in women with development of uterine cervical dysplasia. Methods: This study was done at the Community Health Centre (CHC), Muradnagar. It was a cross-sectional study done by using VIA (visual inspection using acetic acid) technique on uterine cervix on 1250 women aged above 30 years of age attending gynaecology OPD of CHC, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, U.P. Purposive sampling was used to enrol all the women who were attending the gynaecology OPD at CHC and were coming in the eligibility criteria. Results: Out of 1250 women 14 were found to be VIA positive, out of which 4 cases came out to be positive for dysplasia after doing biopsy under colposcopy. Conclusions: Development of cervical dysplasia is highly correlated with early age at first coitus and more number of conceptions in women. As cervical dysplasia is highly associated with early age at first coitus and more conceptions, so more screening for cervical dysplasia required in women having first coitus at early age and having more conceptions.
How English Language Learning Textbooks Develop Learners' Communication Skills, Creative Language Production, Critical Thinking and Collaborative Learning
Authors: Naji Ahmed Dr. Muayyad
Published: February 2018

The aim of this research is to explain how English language learning textbook can develop the language learners' communication skills, creative language production, critical thinking and collaborative learning. Each skill is first explained in terms of definition and the targeted educational output sought. Then, the approaches to syllabus design that focus on developing these four skills are reviewed. Within each section of this research, the researcher sheds light on the teaching techniques involved. The researcher hopes to provide answers to the following questions:

- What is the theoretical / psychological foundation of each skill?

- What are the targeted educational outputs behind developing each skill?

- How can these four skills be integrated in English textbooks?

- What are the best classroom drills and teaching techniques required?

  - How can the assessment procedures help measure the learners' progress in these skills?

 The findings of this research may be useful to those who are in charge of editing English textbooks and to the teachers of English as well.
Occupational Stress among Nurses of tertiary Care Hospitals in Tiruvarur
Authors: Sasikala R. , Ramu Dr.G.
Published: February 2018

Stress is physiological and psychological response towards any occurrences. It is very much vitalto learn about occupational stress because as it deters health and decreases the quality of work of nurses. The main objective was to determine prevalence, intensity and causes of occupational stress among nurses.Hospital based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from January to November 2017 at two tertiary care teaching hospitals of Tiruvarur. The study was carried out on 265 registered nurses, having valid license by Tamil Nadu Nursing Council. Convenient non-probability method was used to access subjects. After taking consent, semi-structured and pre-tested occupational stress questionnaire was used to obtain the data. The study results revealed that majority of nurses 125 (47.2%) were between 25 to 30 years of age.Maximum ratio of nurses were female 160(60.4%) and out of them 148(55.8%) were married. Two hundredand one (75.8%) were diploma holders in nursing, while only 2(0.8%) had done their master in nursing. Thestudy participants reported to suffer with job related stress; mild stress 2.0%, moderate stress 36.5% and severe61.5%.
Employee Career: Effect of Administrative Competence, Social Capital and Performance
Authors: Wardhani Nia Kusuma , . Wibowo , . Hamidah
Published: February 2018

As organization grows and develops in dynamic globalization, employee is a valuable asset for organization and the need for qualified human resources is increases. The purpose of this research is aims to examine the influence of  Administrative Competence, Social Capital and Performance to Employee Career of Mercu Buana University, using path analysis method in quantitative approach. Sample of this research was 185 employees of Mercu Buana University. Result of this research indicates that there is direct effect of competence to employee career which values 0,259, there is direct effect of performance to employee career which values 0,218, there is direct effect of social capital to employee career which values 0,213, there is direct effect of competence to performance which values 0,342, there is direct effect of social capital to performance which values 0,300. Thus it can be explained that the most direct influence to Employee Career and Performance is Competence.
Health adverse effects of formaldehyde exposure to students and staff in gross anatomy
Authors: Alnagar Fahima A , Shmela Mansur E , M Alrtib Abdulrhman , M Benashour Fathia , Buker Amal O , Abdalmula Anwar M
Published: February 2018

Formaldehyde is an anxious gas used as a tissue preservative of cadavers in anatomy halls. Therefore, laboratory staff and students are at high risk of different clinical complications due to the continuous exposure to formaldehyde. The present questionnaire-based study evaluates the effects of formaldehyde exposure on veterinary students and staff in the anatomy gross dissection laboratory, University of Tripoli, Libya. A total of 104 students and 6 anatomy staff members completed a questionnaire of 24 questions related to the clinical symptoms observed after formaldehyde exposure and the answers were assessed using a six point (0-5) scale. Students had a high prevalence of nasal itching 78(75%), eyes burning 78(75%), excessive lacrimation 76(73%), eyes redness 60(58%), headache 64(62%) and respiratory distress 61(59%). Smoking and wearing glasses or gloves worsened many symptoms while wearing masks minimized other symptoms and male students were more affected than females. All anatomy staff members (100%) reported nasal itching, burning and congestion, eyes burning and redness, excessive lacrimation, cough and respiratory distress and less than that (83%) suffered from mouth dryness, headache, temporary loss of their ability to recognize the smell of formaldehyde and needed a physician assistance after the exposure to formaldehyde. The repeated exposure to formaldehyde in gross anatomy dissection has harmful effects on both students and staff member and finding alternative preservation methods, such as freezing, would be safer than using the formaldehyde
Motor performance, functional status and quality of life in children with dyslexia
Authors: Çetin Sebahat Yaprak , Kitiş Ali , ŞEN KÖSEM Figen
Published: February 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this
study was to assess motor performance, functional status and quality of life in
children with dyslexia by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Turkish version (DSM-IV-TR), and compare the outcome with typically developing
children. Methods: This study includes 28 dyslexic and 28 typically
developing children at the age of 7 to 12 years. Motor abilities and
proficiencies were evaluated with the short form of the
second version of the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP
2-SF). The Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) was used to
measure functional status. Quality of life in the children evaluated with the
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Results: There was a
significant difference found between the results of the two groups on motor
abilities, functional status and quality of life (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We think
that, according to the obtained results, it is important to assess in detail
and plan rehabilitation programs such as education at daily living activities
in order to increase the quality of life in dyslexic children who were
diagnosed in terms of motor performance.
Trabalho infantil no Brasil: o dilema entre a sobrevivência e a exploração
Authors: Sousa Ana Maria , Alkimim Maria Aparecida
Published: February 2018

O trabalho infantil é uma questão complexa que ultrapassa as noções de defesa da criança e do adolescente imiscuindo-se nas questões socioeconômicas. O presente trabalho objetiva analisar os principais fatores que sustentam o trabalho infantil e suas implicações na moldagem da estrutura social na qual está inserida a família da criança trabalhadora. Na maioria das vezes, a sobrevivência da criança e da família é a causa principal do trabalho infantil, já que a subtração da renda auferida pela criança coloca a família abaixo da linha de pobreza. Nessa perspectiva programas de combate ao trabalho infantil exigem um novo enfoque, novas estratégias de reorganização estrutural da sociedade brasileira, haja visto que deve prevalecer o superior interesse da criança e do adolescente, conforme previsto no sistema interno e internacional de proteção.
Renúncia ao direito fundamental à nacionalidade: novas perspectivas teóricas a partir da Extradição n.º 1.462 julgada pelo STF
Authors: Priule Lucas Giacomini , Dias da Silva Roberto Baptista
Published: February 2018

Pretendemos, neste trabalho, analisar a viabilidade jurídica da renúncia ao direito fundamental à nacionalidade, demonstrando que esse instituto se distingue da perda da nacionalidade disciplinada na Constituição Federal. Para tanto, após examinar a nacionalidade como direito fundamental, discutiremos os fundamentos, pressupostos e elementos da renúncia a direitos fundamentais para, então, analisar a Extradição 1.462, em que uma brasileira nata foi extraditada para os Estados Unidos da América por decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal.
Curcumin: The miraculous golden ingredient of Indian saffron
Authors: Kalkan Indrani
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background: Indian Saffron (Curcuma longa) also called turmeric; has been consumed for centuries by people as a dietary component and used in the traditional medicine as a household remedy for various diseases in India, China and South East Asia. Curcumin (diferuloyl methane), the main yellow bioactive pigment in turmeric has been shown to have a broad spectrum of biological activities. Purpose of study: The present review was performed to evaluate the molecular mechanism of action and role of Curcumin in health and disease. Sources of evidence: The literature search was conducted using Sciencedirect, Medline, Scopus data bases, 26 studies were included in this review. Main arguement: Animal studies with curcumin exhibited its digestive and anti- ulcer role through its excess production of mucin, bile, and digestive enzymes. Curcumin is effective in preventing cognitive impairment in Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease and other oxidative stress related pathologies due to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory roles. It has been suggested that the ability of curcumin to quench free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) results in its protective role towards neuronal tissues against toxic chemicals as Manganese. Anticancer effect is mainly mediated through apoptosis of cancer cell lines. Clinically curcumin is used to reduce post-operative inflammation. Conclusions: Safety evaluation studies indicate that both turmeric and curcumin are well tolerated at a high dose without any toxic effects and therefore, have the potential for the development of modern medicine in the treatment of various diseases.

Key words: Curcumin, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory.
Human Thermal Comfort Situation in the Goller (Lakes) District of Turkey
Authors: Guclu Yuksel
Published: February 2018

Abstract

In this study, the determination of the human thermal comfort situation in the Goller District (in the Mediterranean Region) of Turkey has been aimed. In the direction of the aim, the air temperature and relative humidity data of total 11 meteorology stations have been examined according to The Thermo-hygrometric Index (THI) and the New Summer Simmer Index (SSI). According to this, it has been determined that the thermal comfort conditions are not appropriate in the period of October-May on average monthly. The months of June and September are the most appropriate to almost all kinds of tourism and recreation activities in the outdoor in terms of thermal comfort. When THI and SSI indices’ values are evaluated together, the periods between 5th – 25th June and 29th August-16th September are the most appropriate periods in the study area on average in terms of the thermal comfort for the tourism and recreation activities in the outdoor.

Keywords: Thermal comfort, human health, The Thermo-Hygrometric Index, The Summer Simmer Index, Goller District, Turkey.
The Effects Of Foreign Strategic Investors On Pricing Of Wealth Management Products Of Commercial Banks In China: Does Ownership Structure Matter?
Authors: Zhao Hong , Zhao Xueyan , Hou Ning
Published: February 2018

Allowing foreign strategic investors (FSIs) to hold minority stake in Chinese banks is very important for China’s banking. Based on data of 221 commercial banks from 2007 to 2015, we use difference in differences (DID) and propensity score matching (PSM) to investigate the effects of shareholding of FSIs on pricing of wealth management products (WMPs) for banks in China from single product view and every bank view. Besides, we further investigate the effects of bank ownership on above relationship. We find that FSIs’ acquisitions significantly enhance the expected rate of return of WMPs on both levels, however decrease the deviation of return of WMPs on single product level but have no evident effects on bank level. Finally, we find that the impact of acquisitions from foreign banks depend on Chinese banks’ ownership structure. Specifically, the effects of FSIs’ acquisitions on pricing of WMPs are positive for state-owned banks (SOBs), while are negative for city commercial banks.
Health & Nutrition in Primary Schools of Hajin Town of District Bandipora in J & K (A Study)
Authors: Guroo Tariq Ahmad
Published: February 2018

The present research paper is concerned with the health & nutrition in primary school, and throws light on some aspect related with the primary school going students and their health and nutrition’s. The main purpose of this working is to describe the major issues of Health & Nutrition in primary schools and to identify some important challenges for Health & Nutrition in primary institutions in Hajin town of district Bandipora of J & K. The findings of this study show that Health & Nutrition in primary schools of Hajin town continue to remain overwhelmed by ample problems, which affect their performance in the efficient discharge of their growth and qualities which is inimical to their academic achievements. The increased problem of ailments/infections among school children due to poor personal hygiene practices and malnutrition conditions remains a concern on the public health agenda in Kashmir. Health is a key factor in school entry. School is the place where health education regarding important aspects of hygiene, environment and nutrition, as well as social customs, is being instructed. The teacher is the guardian as well as Spiritual parent of the child in school and plays a crucial role in the whole process of primordial prevention.  Poor knowledge and practice of and attitudes towards personal hygiene and nutrition plays a major roles in the high occurrence of stagnation on development and growth, therefore has negative consequences for a child’s long term overall development School Achievements as well.