bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovation and management of financial institutions in Ghana. A review of related literature
Authors: Agyapong D. Agyapong
Published: April 2024

Financial innovations (FIs) have become the bedrock of financial institutions management. This reviewed literature looks at the reasons, effects and forms of financial innovations in the developed market and in the Ghanaian context. It was found from the reviewed literature that the reasons sparking financial innovation are the need to shift from the traditional spectrum of acquiring funds as well as old modes of service delivery by financial institutions - to look for a more attractive mode of satisfying clients. The shift in consumer demand, lifestyle and sophistication has also caused financial institutions to look fora more strategic approach to satisfy customer taste and needs. It can be concluded that FIs have major impacts on the performance and management of financial institutions including improved efficiency, facilitating the payment system, quality service and increased revenue. Moreover, different people benefit from financial products including investors, shareholders, customers, issuers and other stakeholders.
International human resource management
Authors: Datsa K. Datsa
Published: April 2024

A good number of companies have resorted to seeking growth through expansion beyond their national borders to take advantage of globalisation and this has resulted in an ever increasing number of large multinational companies (MNCs). These companies however need to adapt to the peculiarities of their new business environments in order to succeed and human resource management is key to their success orotherwise. This paper draws on International Human Resource Management (IHRM) practices and theories and highlights similarities and differences between the United Kingdom and Ghana as a host country. The article also discusses some of the key issues that MNC human resource managers will have to come to grips with once they locate in Ghana, given the pivotal role that human resource management plays in almost every progressive and successful company
Organizational politics- A human resource management focus
Authors: Nunoo A. Nunoo
Published: April 2024

Organizational politics is largely portrayed negatively. In the pursuit of one's career in organizations one cannot avoid playing by the rules of this game. Its presence in every facet of corporate life demands that we give keen attention to the concept of organizational politics. This paper looks at organizational politics from ethical and unethical perspectives; what is the impact of organizational politics on human relations and performance? How does it generally manifest itself in Ghanaian organizations, both public and private? Human resource management activities like recruitment and selection, training and development as well as career progression are a few of an organization's life that politics as an organizational phenomenon affects. Leadership's role in energizing organizational politics in a positive direction is crucial for harmonizing individual and organizational goals.
Analysis of cost for pricing: An exploration of the gap between theory and practice
Authors: Ibrahim Zubairu I. Zubairu
Published: April 2024

Over the years, there has been several discussions over the alleged gap between management accounting theory and practice. As a result, researchers sympathetic to neoclassical economies have sought to rationalize the gap in terms of information economics and have proposed constrained optimisation as the norm. Scapens (1994) and Ahmed & Scapens (2000) have suggested that, the old institutional economics framework might better explain management accounting practice. The old institutional economics originated about the same time as neoclassical economics and in opposition to its rationalization of the gap, it largely rejects rational optimisation as the basis for much of human behaviour and stresses, instead rule following and adherence to custom. This research paper reports on the findings of two case studies undertaken as part of a programme of case studies intended to examine the power of the old institutional economics framework to explain the gap between management accounting theory and practice, in the realm of costing for pricing. The paper concludes that, much observed management accounting practice is difficult to reconcile with ex ante constrained optimisation, but is explicable in terms of conditioning by various institutions in question.
Finance practices of large construction firms in Ghana: Methodological perspectives for postgraduate researchers
Authors: Owusu M. D. Owusu , Badu E. D. J. Badu
Published: April 2024

Conducting research is a process of combining a set of principles, outlooks and ideas with a collection of specific practices, techniques and strategies to produce and legitimize knowledge. In this paper, knowledge is shared with postgraduate students pursuing various studies in management and finance regarding research methodology. Integrated approach of conducting quality research in this field through personal experience and reference to scholarly works is advocated by the paper. The paper is concerned with methodological considerations adopted for emblematic doctoral research work in the area of construction finance. The discussion focuses mainly on attentive issues such as research philosophies, research approaches and research techniques. The paper concludes by recommending postgraduate researchers to situate their research within theoretical, philosophical and empirical relevance, which would require holistic adoption and adaptation of apposite research methodology.
Investment decisions by users of annual financial reports Investment decisions by users of annual financial reports
Authors: Gatsi J. G. Gatsi , Akoto R.Akoto
Published: April 2024

The study focuses on the use of annual financial report information as a basis for investment decisions by individual educated investors in Ghana. This is informed by the assumption inherent in financial reporting standards that investors allocate funds to portfolio firms based on information from the annual reports. It is a descriptive study which uses legitimacy and agency theories as the theoretical foundation. The study concludes that individual investors in Ghana do not use information from annual reports for their investment decision making. They depend instead on media adverts on the companies and daily stock price movements.
The impact of information security breaches on banking information systems from the year 2000-2009
Authors: Tobbin P. Tobbin , Danquah P. Danquah
Published: April 2024

This research seeks to analyze the impact of Information Security breaches prone to selected Ghanaian banking institutions from the year 2000 to 2009. The results of this work were obtained through the review of related literature, questionnaires and observation. The results obtained are analyzed using the evaluative reporting of the data, supported by tables and charts where applicable. Recommendations are subsequently made to address the security breaches identified. The outcome of the research tends to place the findings in context by elaborating on how the research findings and results contribute to the field of Information Security in general and what sort of broader implications these may have. This will a I low for greater understanding of Information Security issues within the banking sector and hopefully prompt for further in-depth research into its impact on the institutions and customers as a whole. A recommendation is made to banks to define the Information Security policy and effectively implement the policies by educating all staff on acceptable and best practices.
The role of the professional accountant in the economic development and empowerment of the nation
Authors: Omane-Antwi K. B. Omane-Antwi
Published: April 2024

There is certainly a growing need for professional accounting services. The economic growth of emerging economies like Ghana and the development of globalisation will keep on expanding the need for professional accounting services particularly assurance. It is now widely believed that the future of the accounting profession lies in developments already under way and the profession's market's interaction with its evolving environment. Technological developments as well as environmental challenges have demonstrated a shift in financial reporting requirements and public expectations. This paper will discuss the role of the professional accountant as a driver of change in the global business and in notion building, using Ghana as a reference point.
Towards a more inclusive leadership framework
Authors: Marful C. K. Marful
Published: April 2024

Leadership is a topic that has attracted much deserved attention over the centuries. Some have held the view that leaders are born not made. Several conceptual frameworks have been provided to explain this phenomenon starting with the "Great Man" theory which has its origin in the trait school of thought. Behavioural and contingency theorists have also provided additional dimensions to the concept of leadership. Modern theorists focus on many dimensions of leadership and how effective leadership con be developed. The recent financial crisis and failure of large corporations such as Enron have heightened the interest in this subject. This topic is of great importance in Africa where the right leadership can have significant impact on societies and countries. About a decade ago, a workshop was held in Ghana where this subject was discussed. Participants came up with a framework for leadership that addresses many of the gaps of earlier theories and provides a more context relevant approach to understanding and fostering leadership development in Africa. It starts with values and ends with renewal which addresses the ability of the leader to adapt his or her style to elements of the model which change over time. This model should be used to assess leaders and should also be validated through research. If research substantiates its efficacy, it can be seen as holistic approach and adopted to foster leadership growth in Africa. This Article critically reviews the essential dimensions of this leadership framework.
Financial market efficiency under the interest rate reform policy in Ghana: Theory, model and empirical analysis
Authors: Ahiawodzi A. K. Ahiawodzi
Published: April 2024

This paper sets out to evaluate the level of financial market efficiency under the interest rate reform policy (interest rate liberalization policy) in Ghana from 1988 to 2004. In line with this objective, a model has been specified and estimated. The results of the study revealed that the interest rate liberalisation policy has not yet succeeded in correcting the financial market inefficiency or distortion in the country between 1988 and 2004, even though there has been a fair improvement as compared to the pre-reform period. There is therefore the need to intensify efforts to significantly reduce the inflation rate for a corresponding reduction in the interest rate, in order to minimize or eliminate the level of financial market inefficiency, which is necessary for efficient mobilization and allocation of financial resources in the country.
A behavioural approach to university branding: An exploratory study
Authors: Akotia M. Akotia
Published: April 2024

Branding of universities is attracting increasing attention, as educational organisations strive to succeed in a more competitive environment. Though many universities are now adopting branding, which is operationalised as conscious development and management of the university's identity, there is little literature and research on university brands, and how they can be created and managed. This contribution explores the subject of university branding as a means of generating sustainable competitive advantage. This article concludes that success in a competitive environment will depend on effective brand differentiation based on the identification, internalisation, delivery and communication of unique brand identity that appeals to both internal and external stakeholders. Based on in-depth interviews conducted among industry experts and university administrators in Ghana, a conceptual framework is proposed for university branding, through behavioural management.
Professional accountant the challenges of the next decade (Agenda 2015 plus)
Authors: Omane-Antwi K. B.
Published: April 2024

In the next 10 years, professional accountants will need to modify the way they perceive and carry out their mission. They will have to join the ranks of decision makers while keeping their roles of support and constructive critic to managers. They will need to extend their information management skills to the handling of non financial data to support a new definition of performance that is reflected in the Total Quality Management and value chain cultures. The mission will change because the context or management has changed, e.g., flat organizations, fuzzy organizational boundaries reflecting partnerships with customers and suppliers, globalization, and a new emphasis on service activities. The time horizons the professional accountant is used to will no longer be applicable. Such changes as target cost management, life-cycle thinking, and anticipatory crisis management are some of the reasons that will require professional accountants to become proactively involved in "managing for the future." Based on a greater attention to the understanding and analysis of the causes of resource consumption, the professional accountant will become more interventionist and will be involved in both organizational engineering and becoming a change agent in the whole product cycle, from strategic intent identification to strategic performance analysis, through change management and communication. The picture depicted of the professional accountant of the year 2015 plus is radically different from what is seen today, Training for these professionals will need to encompass this new mission in its new context. Managers also will have to embrace and value the rich potential that resides in their close cooperation with this "new" professional accountant.
Corporate governance and strategic management
Authors: Marfo-Yiadom E. Marfo-Yiadom
Published: April 2024

The strategic role of board of directors in ensuring organizational success cannot be gainsaid. This paper examines the concept of corporate governance and how it affects strategic management. For the eleven public companies surveyed, the evidence indicates that, they have good corporate governance practices. In terms of membership, outside directors were more than inside directors. The companies also had important sub-committees of the boards to deal with matters in detail before they pre-presented to the Boards. There is seemingly low female representation on the boards of public companies. Overall, the public companies adhere to good corporate governance.
The concept of ‘Informal Economy’ revisited: A review of related literature
Authors: Marfo-Yiadom E. Marfo-Yiadom , Mensah M.S.W Mensah
Published: April 2024

The informal economy occupies a centre stage in today's development agenda. It is an avenue for people to put their entrepreneurial ingenuity into fruition - majority surviving through evasion of tax and other forms of enterprise regulation. However, there is no consensus on exactly what the informal economy stands for and what it constitutes. The paper substantiates this argument with literature. Illustrations of the problem are provided with empirical data on 85 Ghanaian manufacturing micro and small enterprises. Evidently, the place of unregistered businesses that pay 'taxes'and the selfemployed that offer employment to other people in the formal-informal economy cannot easily be determined. It is concluded that until the present cloud of confusion surrounding the concept is well addressed, the informal economy is less likely to properly function os an ideal pro-poor growth platform for development and poverty alleviation.
Foreign aid, domestic revenue and economic growth in Ghana
Authors: Tuffour J. K. Tuffour
Published: April 2024

Various funding sources are available to any government in a developing country. In spite of their availability, each source has its unique way of contributing to economic growth. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between foreign aid and domestic revenue on one hand and their effect on economic growth in Ghana. Using macroeconomic time series data (for 1970 - 2011) and error correction methodology, together with Granger causality tests, the results show that domestic revenue and foreign aid complement each other for development financing in Ghana. Moreover, foreign aid cannot be a substitute for domestic revenue generation as domestic revenue is the most important of the two factors. Domestic revenue is the most effective irrespective of the existence of other forms of capital. In addition, the threshold effect of aid becomes non-existent when there is no capital accumulation. There is a positive causal link from both domestic revenue and foreign aid to economic growth. It is recommended that more attention should be given to the generation of domestic revenue.
Reducing poverty through a social grants programme: The case of Ghana
Authors: Osei R. D. Osei
Published: April 2024

Social security and pensions have an important role to play in sustaining poverty reduction efforts. Ghana is one of the countries in SSA that is implementing a social grants policy under it'sNotional Social Protection Strategy (NSPS, 2007). This study investigates the extent to which Ghana's social grant policies can impact on poverty, inequality and government fiscals in Ghana. The main findings of this study are that a universal social grants programme will reduce the incidence and depth of poverty as well as inequality in Ghana. It however argues that for Ghana, affordability remains the biggest challenge.
Internal branding in multicultural services organizations an exploratory study of Barclays Bank (Ghana)
Authors: Akotia M. Akotia , Akotia C. S. Akotia
Published: April 2024

An insight into how the internal branding process is to be managed to create a coherent brand understanding and commitment among multicultural organisations is largely lacking. The main aim of this study was to investigate and highlight the key factors involved in successful internal branding in a multicultural services organisation. Through an exploratory study of Barclays Bank-Ghana, a brand whose financial value has appreciated following a brand driven restructuring, this study has surfaced the key factors involved in internal branding. The findings show that the transformational role of leaders, brand alignment with business strategy, attention to building a purposeful brand-centred unifying culture, enabling employee buy-in, are critical to successful internal branding. The study also found that processes and systems alignment with brand values, cross-functional approach to performance management, and strong customer orientation, were other factors that are critical to successful internal branding at Barclays Bank. Concluding with a suggested modeling of the internal branding process, the study found the generation of brandcentred distinctive competences, through empowered and motivated HR as the goal of internal branding at Barclays.
Overview of Entrepreneurship Education for Students
Authors: Bahri Efri Syamsul
Published: April 2024

The minimum number of entrepreneurs in developed countries is 4%. This research aims to conduct a review of entrepreneurship education for students. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach and a literature study. Data was obtained from reference literature on the open-access platform. The results of this research show that there are six indicators of entrepreneurship education's success: entrepreneurial character, an environment that follows entrepreneurial values, an environment that has an entrepreneurial nuance, the desire to become an entrepreneur, increased knowledge of entrepreneurship, and business opportunities. The government and universities need to support the implementation of entrepreneurship education for students as a contribution to realizing Indonesia as a developed country.
Review of Community Learning Activity Center Service Quality
Authors: Wiharjo Suyadi Murdi , Wulandari Dian
Published: April 2024

The Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM) functions to provide educational services to every member of the community. The aim of this research is to describe a review of the quality of PKBM services. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach and literature study. Data analysis uses a content approach. The research results show that there are two supporting factors in the service quality improvement strategy: internal and external. The research results have also identified inhibiting factors in service quality improvement strategies: internal and external factors. PKBM and related stakeholders need to respond to the results of this research by paying attention to internal and external factors that support and hinder the quality of PKBM services.
Implementation of the Management Information System at the Community Learning Activity Center "Smart Bangun Negeri"
Authors: Sain Sapiih
Published: April 2024

The management information system supports the implementation of activities at the Smart Bangun Negeri (SBN) Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM) Bogor Regency. This research aims to describe implementing the management information system in the PKBM SBN Bogor Regency. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection uses interview, observation and documentation techniques. Analysis was carried out using a descriptive approach. The research results show that the management information system in PKBM SBN is included in the quite optimal category. PKBM SBN faces several obstacles. It will be corrected by the PKBM SBN management to optimize its role in society.
The Impact of Earnings Management on the Value of Companies – The Role of Ownership Structure
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Institute of Economics and Finance, Poland, Adamczyk Adam , Franek Sławomir ,   University of Szczecin, Institute of Economics and Finance, Poland
Published: April 2024

The aim of our paper is to test whether there is a relationship between earnings management and the market value of companies with different ownership structures. Additionally, we examined whether ownership control determines earnings management. Our study was conducted on 632 non-financial companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange between 2013 and 2020. We have assessed panel data models showing that there is no relationship between earnings management and company value. However, there is a negative and statistically significant relationship for companies without a majority direct investor. We also showed that, despite the different impact of manipulation on company value, there are no statistically significant differences in earnings management between companies with different ownership structures. The originality of our study lies in conducting an analysis of earnings management taking into account the degree of ownership control.
[Reasons of consultation in Lomé dermatology departments (Togo)]
Authors: Teclessou Julienne Noude , Bougala Akpé Pascaline , Kombate Koussake , Saka Bayaki , Akakpo Séfako , Pitche Palokinam
Published: April 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to list the various dermatoses observed in consultations at dermatology departments in Lomé. Method: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted over a 16-year period (1 January 2005 to 31 December 2020) in the public dermatology departments of Lomé. Patient files were reviewed. Pathologies were grouped into immuno-allergic, inflammatory, infectious and tumoral dermatoses, sexually transmitted infections and other dermatoses. Results: During the study period, 42523 patient files were reviewed, 2730 files (6.4%) were excluded for incomplete information. July was the month with the highest frequency of consultations (11%). The average age of patients was 26.36 +/- 16.85 years (range: 1 month to 102 years) and the sex ratio (M/F) was 0.6. The age range 0-15 years was the most represented 29%. Immuno-allergic dermatoses accounted for 40.9% of consultations, followed by inflammatory dermatoses (21.4%) and infectious dermatoses (20.7%). The top 5 causes of consultation in general were: eczema 23.5%; prurigo 9.3%; irritant dermatitis 8.9%; acne 5.5% and pruritus 4.4%. Conclusion: Our study shows a high frequency of immunoallergic dermatoses in Lomé. Dermatoses are also influenced by climate change, the country’s development and various social trends.
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) in the tropics: A case in Guinea with squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Diané Boh Fanta , Bangoura Mmah Aminata , Savané Moussa , Keita Fatimata , Kanté Mamadou Diouldé , Touré Mariame , Camara Issiaga , Doumbouya Mohamed Marie , Kaba Fanta , Diallo Aissatou Bobo , Tuoré Mariama Saliou , Bah Mariama Bobo , Tounkara hierno Mamadou , Soumah Mohamed Maciré , Keita Moussa , Cissé Mohamed
Published: April 2024

XP is generally considered to be a very serious disease in the tropics due to its pronounced sensitivity to sunlight. A disabling condition, first described by Kaposi in 1870, remains very rare in black people. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from XP, which is rare in dermatological consultations in Guinea. An 11-year-old Guinean student presented with an ulcerative-crust nodule of the scalp that had been evolving for 2 months. He was from a 1st degree consanguineous marriage and had undergone unsuccessful medical and traditional consultations and treatments. Examination showed an ulcerative-crusty nodule on the left parietal area, hypo-hyperpigmented macules on the exposed areas, cheilitis and photophobia. The rest of the examination was normal. Skin histopathology confirmed squamous cell carcinoma, and the CT scan showed no metastatic lesions. Multidisciplinary management was proposed. The patient remains under medical supervision. Skin cancers occurring in XP patients can be prevented by applying photoprotection measures, and genetic counselling before consanguineous unions could also help prevention.
Quorum sensing inhibition activities of Philippine ethnobotanicals against multidrug-resistant pathogens
Authors: Cruz Khristina G. Judan
Published: April 2024

Alternative therapeutic approaches to target microbial multidrug resistance (MDR) have become an important thrust in research. One potential approach to manage antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity in MDR pathogens is through targeting quorum sensing (QS). Blocking the QS system does not affect bacterial growth while preventing bacteria from triggering virulence, reducing pathogenicity and selective pressure to survive, hence, reducing the resistance evolution. Recent ethnopharmacological research highlights the prospects of Philippine ethnobotanicals to discover novel molecules and approaches for targeting the QS system to control diseases and pathogens. In this review, two sets of Philippine ethnobotanicals utilized by ethnic communities - Ikalahan and Ilongot-E?ongot – are highlighted as QS inhibitors. Inhibition of QS-linked virulence factor production such as violacein, biofilm, DNase, α-Hemolysin, swarming motility and coagulase in MDR pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida albicans and one QS reporter bacteria, Chromobacterium violaceum by the ethnobotanical extracts are presented. All Philippine ethnobotanicals from the two ethnic communities included in this review showed inhibition on one or more virulence factors highlighting their activities against QS and emphasizes their potential for in-depth research on QS-based drug development for antipathogenesis.
Global research contributions on orchids: A scientometric review of 20 years
Authors: Goswami Payel , Bhattacharjee Sucheta , Bhattacharjee Sudip
Published: April 2024

Orchids, renowned for their attractive beauty, play vital roles in ecosystems worldwide. Many researches highlight the role of orchids as indicator species, reflecting ecosystem health and vulnerability to environmental changes. Across the globe, numerous articles have been published on these topics, facilitating the exchange of innovative ideas their pros and cons. However, no study was conducted to evaluate the trends of research in this field. It is also very essential to understand the prolific authors, sources, journals, institutions, recent trends, and other relevant factors associated with orchids. As a result, this paper is undertaken to comprehensively map the existing articles published on the orchids and its relevant research with a scientometric method. The dataset was downloaded from the Scopus database from 2003 to 2022 and for analysis; Bibliosiny (version 6.1.R2) and VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) were used. A total 18600 numbers of records were globally published under the topic during the entire period from 2003 to 2022. Publications were also contributed from different sources such as journals and books. Total 543660 numbers of references are used in the different documents, and 43216 authors contributed their work in this field. Moreover, this paper also highlights the urgent need for concerted efforts to protect and preserve these valuable plants for ecosystems, ensuring the understanding of the lacking of research on orchids.
Foreign Body Causing Diagnostic Dilemma in Koch’s Abdomen Patient Presenting with Acute Intestinal Obstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Hajong Ranendra , Neihsial Kamthamuon , Baruah Arup J , Tongper Dathiadiam , Rabha Pinky
Published: April 2024

The ileocaecal region is the most commonly affected region in Koch’s abdomen; however, it can involve any part of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT). Patients usually present late with either features of acute or subacute intestinal obstruction or with features of perforation peritonitis. Early diagnosis of abdominal Tuberculosis (TB) is still challenging due to the vague and non specific symptomatology of the disease. Hereby, the authors present a case report of 11-year-old boy who was on Antitubercular Treatment (ATT) for suspected abdominal TB, presented with features of subacute intestinal obstruction which subsequently had to be operated for acute obstruction. However, the cause of obstruction was not due to the complications of abdominal TB but due to the mechanical obstruction caused by the seeds of bayberry, which got obstructed in the relatively narrowed part of the ileocaecal region due to thickening of the bowel wall. No similar case reports have been found in the literature earlier. Hence, the present case is being reported.
Seasonal Variations Assessment of Air Pollutants of Communities in the Vicinity of Scrap Metal Recycling Industries in Ogijo, Shagamu South LGA, Ogun State, SW Nigeria
Authors: Onanuga K. , Daniel V.N , Mustapha A.B , Maitera O.N.
Published: April 2024

This manuscript presents a thorough investigation into the seasonal variations of air pollutants in communities surrounding scrap metal recycling industries in Ogijo, Shagamu South LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria utilizing advanced Gary Wolf Environmental Sensing and Particulate Counting devices. The study meticulously measures concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM2.5, and PM10 during both dry and wet seasons across 20 strategic sampling locations and control. The findings reveal significant seasonal fluctuations in pollutant levels, with some concentrations exceeding Nigerian ambient air quality standards, highlighting a pressing environmental health concern. The study not only underscores the critical need for regulatory oversight and the implementation of safer metal scrapping practices but also advocates for regular environmental monitoring to mitigate the adverse impacts of such industries on local communities and the environment.
Impact of Specific Leaf Extracts on Soil pH and Beta-Carotene in Amaranthus in Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Njeru, N . , Githendu Mukiri Wa , Murungi J.
Published: April 2024

Amaranthus (Amaranthus spp.) leaves are a good source of nutrients including vitamins antioxidants and dietary minerals including calcium, iron, and potassium. Soil pH is a very important chemical property of the soil, as it dictates the availability of plant nutrients. Acidic soils reduce availability of plant nutrients and hinder growth. This is corrected by adding lime which is expensive, does not add nutrients and requires re-application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of leaf extracts from selected tree leaves on soil acidity and beta-carotene levels of amaranthus. Plant leaves that were tested were Turril (Vitex keniensis) Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) and Indian nettle (Plectranthus barbatus). The experiment setup was in a 2 x 7 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design(RCBDreplicated three timesThe treatments were; the three leaves extracts, lime, farm yard manure, inorganic fertilizer and control.. Leaves were dried,ground and soaked in distilledwater for sixty days as pH was monitored and the resulting  extract was added to soil for amanthus grown with plant extracts. Data on plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight and levels of beta carotene levels were collected. AOAC method was used for analysis of beta carotene. All data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% level of significance using SAS and least significant difference (LSD) for means separation. The results showed that leaf extracts significantly reduced soil acidity to above (6) while inorganic fertilizer increased the acidity (pH5.9) to (5.3) on all growing conditions while humus increased acidity during rainy and irrigation conditions. On beta carotene levels, Farmyard Manure had the highest levels(51.1µg) followed by the leaf extracts with extract 3-Plectras barbatus having higher levels. Control had the lowest levels of beta carotene followed by inorganic fertilizer and lime.These results suggest that farmers should be encouraged to grow vegetables using farmyard manure and leaf extracts to increase antioxidant levels and reduce soil acidity.They should also be encouraged to grow more of trees and shrubs studied to increase forest cover.
A Normalised Difference Vegetation Index Model for Maize Crop Performance Monitoring and Cropland Area Mapping in Sudan Ecological Zone of Nigeria
Authors: J. E. Onyibe, , A. A. Wahab, , B. Dahiru , L. O. Durojaiye, , K. H. Muibi,
Published: April 2024

The monitoring and mapping of crops remotely are critical for easy identification of stressed crop, prompt response to part of the crop field that requires immediate attention and the potential harvest as well as for agricultural field management. Optical remote sensing offers one of the most attractive options for vegetation indices evaluation and some optical remote sensing data are readily available free for this application, especially, Sentinel-2A, which is equipped with a multispectral sensor (MSI), which enables calculation of some vegetation indices and assessment of vegetation health and status. However, serious attention has not been given to the potential of vegetation indices calculated from MSI data in the developing countries, Nigeria inclusive. Thus, the study therefore calculated the time series NDVI for the length of the growing season for the selected crops (Maize) and geometrically calculated area of the farm plot size. In this study. The study used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Supervised Image classification technique for the crop health assessment and cropland area mapping for maize. The result showed the mean, standard deviation, range, minimum and maximum NDVI values for all the farm plots over the growing season from planting period to the harvesting period for the selected crop. The average NDVI value in May which marks the onset of the growing season for maize in the study area ranges from 0.044 to 0.148. In July, which represents the period of the grain filing stage ranges from 0.136 to 0.348 and in August, which is the maturity stage for harvest ranges from 0.110 to 0.450. Also, it was observed that cropland area is 194.973269 Square Km. It is therefore evident that the results of our NDVI analysis and cropland area mapping are good insights into solving national agricultural planning problems and agricultural resources allocation for effective agricultural practices for national food security. Our results showed that vegetation indices had the greatest contributions in identifying specific crop types and crop conditions during the growing season.
An Examination of the Relationship between Traffic Congestion and Vehicle Operating Cost in Lagos State
Authors: Olaniyi Ojo, Jonathan , Emmanuel Gbadgesin Adeolu
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the association between traffic congestion and vehicle operating costs for freight operators in Lagos State Nigeria. It showcases the importance of transport for economic activities and the role of road freight transport in improving logistics efficiency. The research is focused on the traffic congestion adverse effect on freight transportation operational costs including fuel consumption and maintenance cost. The growing population as well as vehicle numbers in cities lead to traffic jams that cause costs to increase for the freight transport sector. Existing studies have addressed congestion-related costs from a variety of perspectives, identifying considerable financial impairments for businesses. Nevertheless, there is no research to document the effect that congestion has on operating expenses for motor vehicles. The research used a purposive sampling technique to select 353 respondents from registered haulage companies in Lagos State. Survey and interview methods were used in the study while data was analyzed using Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient, showing a notable and negative relationship between vehicle operating costs and traffic congestion. The findings demonstrate the costs incurred through efficiency losses and heightened expenses by freight operators due to traffic congestion. The study gives recommendations that policymakers and stakeholders need to be strategic in countering congestion and reducing the operational burden on freight operators, which can be useful data in research on transport challenges in urban areas with the view of improving sustainable transport system planning.
An Assessment of Guest Satisfaction of Service Quality in Selected 2-Star Hotels in Takoradi
Authors: Spio-Kwofie Adelaide , Ankor Peace , Adu Christiana
Published: April 2024

In today’s economic environment, client expectations are continually increasing and both small and large hotel businesses are required to become more efficient to participate in a competitive global market. In this new reality, quality is critical for success. The main purpose of this study was to assess guest satisfaction with service quality in selected 2-star hotels in Takoradi. The objectives of the study were to find out whether guests are satisfied with services provided in the hotels, ascertain the main dimensions of service quality that lead to guest satisfaction and evaluate measures that can be put in place to help implement quality service in hotels. This study followed a non-experimental research approach and specifically used a descriptive survey. The targeted populations for this study were employees, guests and managers of nine 2-star hotels in Takoradi with a sample size of ninety (90). It consisted of ten (10) respondents from each hotel, thus, four (4) operational staff (one from housekeeping, front office, restaurant and kitchen department), five (5) guests and a manager (1) from each of the selected hotels.

Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used for the study to select respondents and questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents. The data obtained was analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics namely frequencies, percentages, and charts with the aid of Microsoft Excel 2021. The study found out that though some aspect of service quality needs a step up, customers are satisfied with the services provided in the hotels. The study concluded that more customers become more satisfied with what they see or touch during the service.
Prevalence of Malnutrition and Associated Factors among HIV Seropositive Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy at the Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon
Authors: Nkanjo Bombey Mary-Flavie , Nicholas Tendongfor , Ojong Ebot Walter
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients and HIV which infects CD4 cells causes immune suppression which can further be worsened by poor nutrition. More than 37.7 million people are living with HIV in the world out of which about 36 million are adults.
Aims: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive adults on antiretroviral therapy at the HIV care and treatment center of the Buea Regional hospital, Cameroon.
Study Design: A Hospital-based Cross sectional study design.
Place and duration of study: Buea regional hospital at the HIV care and treatment centre, South West Region of Cameroon between April 2022 to June 2022.
Materials and method:  We included 139 HIV seropositive individuals (17 men, 177 women age range 26 to 59 years). Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric and clinical methods. A 24-hour dietary diversity was assessed using a questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.
Results: The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among the participants were 1.4 %, 38.8%, and 24.4% respectively. In the bivariate analysis, sex of the participants (χ2 = 4.715, p = 0.030) and attendance to HIV-related counseling sessions (χ2 = 4.512, p = 0.034) were significantly associated with malnutrition. The mean dietary diversity score of the study respondents was 4.97±1.6 with only 37% of the respondents achieving a minimum dietary diversity. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds of those who received HIV-related counselling being malnourished(overweight) was 3.29 times more than those who did not receive HIV-related counselling (AOR=3.29, p=0.036).  
Conclusions: There is a high burden of overweight and obesity in the HIV population of the Regional Hospital Buea. The only factor independently associated to malnutrition(overweight) was uptake of nutrition related counselling. Majority of the HIV seropositive patients in the Regional Hospital Buea had a poor dietary diversity. Nutritional counseling should be an important part of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) routine follow-up.
Effect of Bio-Priming with Isolates of Fungal Bio Agents on Morphological Attributes and Growth Parameters of Chickpea
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Biswas S. K. , Jaisval Girijesh Kumar , Kumar Sarvesh , Kumar Saurabh , Shivam ,. , Priya Anirudha
Published: April 2024

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important pulse crops of India. Chickpea is one of the major and abundant sources of protein among pulses; production of chickpea is very low all over the worldwide due to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Biotic stress diseases are the major problems. Chickpea wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri has been considered as devastating one to cause up to 10 per cent loss in yield every year. For eco-friendly and sustainable management of the disease, six isolates of two fungal bioagents Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride were evaluated for their antagonistic efficacy on colony growth by dual culture plate method. The results showed that the bio-agents suppressed the colony growth ofpathogen which ranged between 70.80-59.29%. Isolates of T1 [Trichoderma harzianum (KN)] 70.80% was found very effective antagonistic effect compare to all treatments and control followed by T2 [Trichoderma harzianum (VN) which inhibited 68.80%, T3 [Trichoderma harzianum (UNN) 66.45% and T4 [T. viride (FBD)] 63.58% mycelia growth of pathogen and so on. The result of seed treatment in vivo condition showed that T1 found highest germination percent among all the treatments with a value of 85.71%. In all the treatment, substantially boosting the morphology of chickpea against control, the maximum number of branches was recorded in T1, with value of 12 and maximum root length was 13.33 cm with increase 81.85% over the control. In the yield parameter, the highest number of pods was found in T1 with 41 pods, followed  by T2 and T3 with 37 and 36 pods, respectively. Result of the study show that bio-agents significantly reduced the wilt incidence, treated plants subsequently significantly increased germination percentage, morphological parameters and yield parameters over the non-treated plants.
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Typology of Plantain Cultivation in a Context of Climate Change in the Agroecological Zone of Haut-Sassandra, Central-West, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Fofana Ousmane , Kouassi Kouassi Clément , Voko Bi Rosin Don Rodrigue , Kouassi Kra Athanase
Published: April 2024

The Haut-Sassandra region (Côte d'Ivoire), experiencing climate change with its many consequences, continues to produce bananas even if the level has fallen in recent years. This work was carried out to understand the adaptation strategies of plantain farmers facing the consequences of climate change. The methodological approach consisted of listing banana plantations of more than one hectare in Haut-Sassandra and carrying out a survey on plantain cultivation practices observed in this agroecological zone. The survey carried out made it possible to list 34 banana plantations with areas of between 1.5 and 5 hectares. For the establishment of banana plantations, slash-and-burn crops are the most favored (100%). The most used crop type is the crop association (85%) (cocoa (65%), coffee (15%) and food crops (5%)). Only 15% of banana plantations were monoculture. The fight against the wind is achieved by hedges made up of plots of rubber and teak surrounding the banana plantations. Symptoms of biotic and abiotic diseases were observed in all the banana plantations investigated. To maintain sustainability and better banana production, Haut-Sassandra planters combine several agroecological practices.
Do Dynamometric Variables of the Pelvic Floor Muscles Differ between Women with and without Stress Urinary Incontinence? A Blind, Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Amorim Karina Moyano , Lima Elora dos Santos Silva de , Ferreira Caroline Razera , Freitas Alisson Monteiro de , Santos Luis Eduardo Peixoto Rosa dos , Amorim César Ferreira , Biasotto-Gonzalez Daniela Aparecida , Politti Fabiano
Published: April 2024

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare pelvic floor muscles (PFM) contraction variables between women with and without stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the PFM of 17 healthy women and 17 women with SUI during a single test session using a vaginal dynamometer. Outcomes: peak time (time at which peak force occurred after the onset of contraction), passive force (baseline), maximum contraction force, impulse of contraction, average force and endurance time. Dada was recording during a single test session using a vaginal dynamometer.
Results: The following PFM contraction variables were evaluated: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with the Bonferroni post hoc test was used to compare the dynamometric data between groups (control and SUI), considering age and number of childbirths as co-variables. Significant difference was observed between groups with regard to endurance (F = 4.87, P < .03; ANCOVA test), whereas no significant differences were found for the other variables analyzed.
Conclusion: The endurance time of PFM contraction is shorter in women with SUI, whereas variables related to the intensity of pelvic floor muscle contraction force and time from the onset to peak contraction of these muscles are similar between women with and without stress urinary incontinence.