bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Class War in the Voting Booth: Bias Against High‐Income Congressional Candidates
Authors: Griffin John D. , Newman Brian , Buhr Patrick
Published: September 2019

Do Americans care how much money congressional candidates earn? We conducted three experiments to examine how candidates' incomes affect voters' perceptions of the candidates' traits and ultimately their vote intention. Subjects evaluated otherwise identical candidates with annual incomes randomly varying between $75,000, $3 million, and a candidate with no income information provided. Results from the three experiments are remarkably similar. Subjects viewed the $3 million earner as significantly more intelligent than the candidate with no income information provided, but this benefit of high income was overshadowed by significant biases against the $3 million candidate. Subjects consistently viewed the $3 million earner as less honest, less caring, and less representative of them than the other candidates. Ultimately, subjects were less likely to say they would vote for the $3 million candidate. These findings demonstrate that the campaign advantages that high‐income candidates enjoy are somewhat offset by voters' initial bias against them.
Using phylogeographic approaches to analyse the dispersal history, velocity and direction of viral lineages — Application to rabies virus spread in Iran
Authors: Dellicour Simon , Troupin Cécile , Jahanbakhsh Fatemeh , Salama Akram , Massoudi Siamak , Moghaddam Madjid K. , Baele Guy , Lemey Philippe , Gholami Alireza , Bourhy Hervé
Published: September 2019

Recent years have seen the extensive use of phylogeographic approaches to unveil the dispersal history of virus epidemics. Spatially explicit reconstructions of viral spread represent valuable sources of lineage movement data that can be exploited to investigate the impact of underlying environmental layers on the dispersal of pathogens. Here, we performed phylogeographic inference and applied different post hoc approaches to analyse a new and comprehensive data set of viral genomes to elucidate the dispersal history and dynamics of rabies virus (RABV) in Iran, which have remained largely unknown. We first analysed the association between environmental factors and variations in dispersal velocity among lineages. Second, we present, test and apply a new approach to study the link between environmental conditions and the dispersal direction of lineages. The statistical performance (power of detection, false‐positive rate) of this new method was assessed using simulations. We performed phylogeographic analyses of RABV genomes, allowing us to describe the large diversity of RABV in Iran and to confirm the cocirculation of several clades in the country. Overall, we estimate a relatively high lineage dispersal velocity, similar to previous estimates for dog rabies virus spread in northern Africa. Finally, we highlight a tendency for RABV lineages to spread in accessible areas associated with high human population density. Our analytical workflow illustrates how phylogeographic approaches can be used to investigate the impact of environmental factors on several aspects of viral dispersal dynamics.
Phylogenetic divergence of island biotas: Molecular dates, extinction, and “relict” lineages
Authors: McCulloch Graham A. , Waters Jonathan M.
Published: September 2019

Island formation is a key driver of biological evolution, and several studies have used geological ages of islands to calibrate rates of DNA change. However, many islands are home to “relict” lineages whose divergence apparently pre‐dates island age. The geologically dynamic New Zealand (NZ) archipelago sits upon the ancient, largely submerged continent Zealandia, and the origin and age of its distinctive biota have long been contentious. While some researchers have interpreted NZ's biota as equivalent to that of a post‐Oligocene island, a recent review of genetic studies identified a sizeable proportion of pre‐Oligocene “relict” lineages, concluding that much of the biota survived an incomplete drowning event. Here, we assemble comparable genetic divergence data sets for two recently formed South Pacific archipelagos (Lord Howe; Chatham Islands) and demonstrate similarly substantial proportions of relict lineages. Similar to the NZ biota, our island reviews provide surprisingly little evidence for major genetic divergence “pulses” associated with island emergence. The dominance of Quaternary divergence estimates in all three biotas may highlight the importance of rapid biological turnover and new arrivals in response to recent climatic and/or geological disturbance and change. We provide a schematic model to help account for discrepancies between expected versus observed divergence‐date distributions for island biotas, incorporating the effects of both molecular dating error and lineage extinction. We conclude that oceanic islands can represent both evolutionary “cradles” and “museums” and that the presence of apparently archaic island lineages does not preclude dispersal origins.
A study to assess a novel automated electrocardiogram technology in screening for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sabar Muhammad I. , Ara Farhana , Henderson Alice , Ahmed Omar , Potter Christina , John Isaac , Mitchell Andrew R.J. , Yáñez‐Muñoz Rafael J. , Kaba Riyaz A.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation is often asymptomatic and un‐diagnosed in the community resulting in an increased risk of heart failure and stroke to those patients. We evaluated the effectiveness, tolerability, and accuracy of a novel six‐channel electrocardiogram digital‐health screening device, the RhythmPad, for the detection of atrial fibrillation.

Methods

Seven hundred and fifty‐two participants attending the cardiology department were recruited. Two recordings were taken—a six‐lead electrocardiogram using the RhythmPad device and a standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram. Recorded traces were analyzed by two blinded cardiologists. The computer‐generated automated diagnostic reports from both systems were also compared. Post‐participation feedback was obtained from study participants using a three‐part questionnaire.

Results

The sensitivity of the six‐lead electrocardiogram compared to the 12‐lead electrocardiogram, analyzed by two blinded cardiologists, for the detection of normal sinus rhythm was 95.9%, with a specificity of 97.2%. The sensitivity for the detection of atrial fibrillation using the six‐lead ECG was 93.4%, with specificity 96.8%. The six‐lead automated diagnostic report had a sensitivity and specificity of 97.5% and 98.6%, respectively, for correctly diagnosing normal sinus rhythm. For the correct diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, the six‐lead automated diagnostic report had a sensitivity and specificity of 95.4% and 98.8%, respectively. A total of 95.4% of participants found RhythmPad to be comfortable, with only 0.5% preferring the 12‐lead ECG device in comparison to six‐lead ECG acquisitions.

Conclusion

The RhythmPad digital health device and its automated diagnostic report were highly accurate in detecting atrial fibrillation when compared to a standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram.
How to respond rationally to peer disagreement: The preemption view
Authors: Grundmann Thomas
Published: September 2019

In this paper, I argue that the two most common views of how to respond rationally to peer disagreement—the Total Evidence View (TEV) and the Equal Weight View (EWV)—are both inadequate for substantial reasons. TEV does not issue the correct intuitive verdicts about a number of hypothetical cases of peer disagreement. The same is true for EWV. In addition, EWV does not give any explanation of what is rationally required of agents on the basis of sufficiently general epistemic principles. I will then argue that there is a genuine alternative to both views—the Preemption View (PV)—that fares substantially better in both respects. I will give an outline and a detailed defense of PV in the paper.
Disinfection of Cariogenic Pathogens in Planktonic Lifestyle, Biofilm and Carious Dentine with Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wu Minjing , Xu Li , Cai Zhiyu , Huang Shan , Li Yijun , Lei Lishan , Huang Xiaojing
Published: September 2019

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been recommended for clinical application. Its antibacterial effect on bacteria remained in dentinal tubule was seldom investigated. Here, we evaluated the antibacterial effects of aPDT on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) in planktonic lifestyle, biofilm and carious dentine. Mono‐species biofilms or dentinal caries formed on human dentine slices or slabs. Bacterial suspension, biofilms and dentine caries were treated with 0.1 mg mL−1 toluidine Blue O followed by irradiation with a light emission diode (λ − 635 ± 10 nm; 500 mW; 31.5 J cm−2; 60 s) and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), respectively. Residual bacteria were determined by microbial culture analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to detect the significance of the variables. Both treatments significantly reduced the number of L. acidophilus in planktonic state, biofilm and carious dentine (P < 0.05). For S. mutans, CHX was only bactericidal against suspension (P < 0.05), while aPDT was effective on both suspension and biofilm (P < 0.05) while not for dentin caries (P > 0.05). Under the experimental conditions assessed, aPDT could be an alternative disinfection method for superficial layer of caries cavity. Its disinfection on bacteria in dentinal tubule of deep layer was deficient.
Identifying the Effect of Public Holidays on Daily Demand for Gas
Authors: Heaps Sarah E. , Farrow Malcolm , Wilson Kevin J.
Published: September 2019

To reduce operational costs and to ensure security of supply, gas distribution networks require accurate forecasts of the demand for gas. Among domestic and commercial customers, demand relates primarily to the weather and patterns of life and work. Public holidays have a pronounced effect which often spreads into neighbouring days. We call this spread the ‘proximity effect’. Traditionally, the days over which the proximity effect is felt are prespecified in fixed windows around each holiday, allowing no uncertainty in their identification. We are motivated by an application to modelling daily gas demand in two large British regions. We introduce a novel model which does not fix the days on which the proximity effect is felt. Our approach uses a four-state, non-homogeneous hidden Markov model, with cyclic dynamics, where the classification of days as public holidays is observed, but the assignment of days as ‘pre-holiday’, ‘post-holiday’ or ‘normal’ days is unknown. The number of days to the preceding and succeeding holidays guide transitions between states. We apply Bayesian inference and illustrate the benefit of our modelling approach. A version of the model is now being used by one of the UK's regional distribution networks.
CAUTIONARY NOTES ON THE RANK‐SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Parr John B.
Published: September 2019

In the analysis of center populations at both the national and regional levels considerable use has been made of the rank‐size distribution. Within the extensive literature on this distribution, however, there are a number areas that are unclear, neglected, or misleading. Consideration is initially given to the form of the rank‐size distribution and to the manner in which it is related to other distributions, notably the Pareto and the lognormal. Attention is also focused on the application of the rank‐size distribution to data on center size and on the difficulties that arise in this connection, including the problem of establishing rank‐size regularity. The discussion concludes by taking issue with the contention that the rank‐size distribution is of relevance in the design and formulation of urban policy.
Family Formation Goals Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals in Urban India
Authors: Bowling Jessamyn , Simmons Megan , Dodge Brian , Sundarraman Vikram , Lakshmi Brindaa , Dharuman Sivakumar T. , Herbenick Debby
Published: September 2019

Sexual and Gender Minority (SGM) individuals’ (nonheterosexual or noncisgender) desires and intentions to form families have been under‐researched. Further, research on family formation among SGM individuals is even more scant in India. Family formation, a significant milestone for many individuals, has important implications for overall health. Using data from interviews (n=25) and focus group discussions (8 participants) with SGM individuals in Bangalore, Chennai, and Kolkata, we explore desires and intentions related to parenting. Pressure to have children was ubiquitous, though participants’ parenting‐related desires varied. Participants considering parenting noted many priorities including their financial stability, relationships with partners, and the legality and legitimacy of their partnerships. Adoption and assisted biological reproduction (e.g., IVF) were the preferred methods of family formation. Experiences and expectations of stigma for themselves and their children shaped participants’ limited control over parenting‐related decisions. However, they exerted agency as they navigated achieving their ideals for family formation.
The relationships among parental psychological control/autonomy support, self‐trouble, and internalizing problems across adolescent genders
Authors: Chen Yunxiang , Li Ruoxuan , Liu Xiangping
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to explore the relationships among early adolescents’ perceived parental psychological control/autonomy support, self‐trouble, and internalizing problems as well as the potential gender differences in these relationships. Multiple‐group path analysis was performed on the data collected from 1,089 adolescents in Beijing junior high schools. Results revealed that parental psychological control (autonomy support) was associated with adolescents’ more (fewer) internalizing problems, and self‐trouble acted as a mediator in these two relationships. Moreover, only the indirect relationship between parental autonomy support and internalizing problems via self‐trouble was moderated by gender, with girls showing a little stronger indirect effect than boys, and specifically, it was the relationship between autonomy support and self‐trouble that existed gender differences, with girls showing higher coefficient than boys. The relationship between parental psychological control/autonomy support and early adolescents’ internalizing problems was discussed with regard to self‐trouble and gender differences.
The pillars of patient blood management: key to successful implementation (Article, p. 2840)
Authors: Sullivan H. Cliff , Roback John D.
Published: September 2019

See article on page 2840–2848, in this issue
Cryopreserved platelets: the thaw begins … (Article, p. 2794)
Authors: Cohn Claudia S. , Williams Shelly
Published: September 2019

See article on page 2794–2804, in this issue
A retrospective study of the added value of parallel titers compared with serial titers
Authors: Lin Yulia , Cohen Robert , Buckstein Jonah , Callum Jeannie , Lieberman Lani
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Prenatal antibody titers for alloimmunized patients are subject to multiple sources of variation. A parallel titer on the previous sample at the same time as the current sample is recommended. The purpose of this study was to determine the added value of parallel titers.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

This is a retrospective study of samples from consecutive prenatal patients with at least two prenatal antibody titers performed in the same pregnancy at a single institution between October 2010 and March 2017. Prenatal titers were performed using gel technology. Data were collected to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a clinically significant increase (twofold or greater) in serial titers compared with the gold standard of using parallel titers.

RESULTS

There were 155 serial prenatal titers performed in 59 alloimmunized pregnant women. Nineteen samples (12%) had a serial titer increase of twofold or greater with eight false positive samples (increase less than twofold when using parallel titers). Thirty‐six samples (23%) had a serial titer increase of onefold with two false negative samples (increase of twofold or greater using parallel titers). One hundred samples (65%) had no increase (or a decrease) in serial titer with none having an increase of twofold or greater using parallel titers. The sensitivity of a twofold or greater increase in serial titers was 84.6% (95% CI 55‐98%) and the specificity was 94.4% (95% CI 89‐98%) when compared with parallel titers.

CONCLUSION

This study questions the value of parallel titers on every prenatal titer performed. When no increase in serial titers was observed, parallel titers added no new information.
Retrospective evaluation of serum/plasma iron, red blood cell distribution width, and nucleated red blood cells in dogs with acute trauma (2009–2015): 129 cases
Authors: Fish Eric J. , Hansen Sonya C. , Spangler Elizabeth A. , Gaillard Philippe R. , Fan Shirley , Bacek Lenore M.
Published: September 2019

Objective

To compare the prognostic value of admission hematologic parameters serum/plasma iron, red blood cell distribution width (RDW), and nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs) in dogs presenting with acute traumatic injury.

Design

Retrospective observational study (2009‐2015).

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

One hundred and twenty‐nine clinical dogs presenting within 24 hours of acute traumatic injury.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

One hundred and twenty‐nine dogs met the inclusion criteria and 109 (84.5%) survived, while 20 (15.5%) died or were euthanized in hospital. Patients with blunt force trauma comprised 79.8% of the patient population; dogs with penetrating trauma comprised 20.2% of cases. Hypoferremia occurred in all nonsurvivors, and the median serum/plasma iron concentration was significantly lower in nonsurvivors than survivors (P = 0.028). Normal or increased serum/plasma iron had 100% specificity and 100% positive predictive value for survival. Red blood cell distribution width was not significantly different between groups (P = 0.417). The presence of nRBCs was significantly associated with nonsurvival (P = 0.030), although the absolute nRBC concentrations were not significantly different (P = 0.070). A multiple logistic regression model found age, type of injury, presence of nRBCs, and serum/plasma iron to be independent predictors of survival with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.813.

Conclusions

The presence of nRBCs and low serum/plasma iron are associated with mortality in patients with acute trauma; however, red blood cell distribution width was not associated with survival. Absence of hypoferremia was highly associated with a favorable prognosis in this patient population. These parameters may warrant inclusion in trauma scoring systems.
Field Investigation of Indoor Thermal Performance in Malaysia Air-Welled Terraced House
Authors: Leng Pau Chung , Abdul Majid Roshida , Abdul Rahman Noraslinda , Ossen Dilshan Remaz , Mohd Razif Farhana
Published: September 2019

This paper aims to determine the performance of the air well system in a hot and humid tropical climate with existing full-scale air well of single-storey terraced house.  The application of air well in residential building widely applied in a traditional building, especially in the Middle East and Europe countries. However, resulted from the development, the application of passive cooling strategies such as air well is gradually replaced by a mechanical cooling system. The aim of the study is to investigate the cooling system role in tropics, where hot and humid climate the overheating of building interior are a critical dilemma due to solar penetration through building fenestration. A field measurement has been carried out in a single storey terraced house with built-in air well in Kuching, Sarawak for 5 days. The field measurement investigates the thermal performance of the single-storey terrace house air well under tropical context. The investigation was measured with U-12 HOBO data logger for temperature and humidity while the air velocity was measured with HD32.3 DeltaOhm measurement logger. Both types of the instrument placed in the air well in a vertical position while another U12 HOBO datalogger placed in a test room with window connected to air well.  The outdoor weather data set were measured with HOBO U30. Findings show that the under Malaysia tropical climate, the mean air velocity induced by the air well throughout the measurement days marked as 0.91m/s while during the hottest hour of the measurement days, the air velocity induced in the upper air well could reach 1.09m/s with an outdoor air temperature of 33.6°C and solar radiation of 198 Wh/m².  The findings of the study have explained the effectiveness of the air well in providing the thermal performance in the indoor environment and further study on modification of the air well configuration could enhance the airflow and air temperature
Socialisation Mediates The Relationship Between Learning Environments and Architecture Students' Academic Performance
Authors: Maina Joy Joshua , Ibrahim Rakiya Haruna
Published: September 2019

Good learning environments are often directly linked with academic success though controlling for other factors such as socioeconomic status and entry qualifications are constantly required. This study, re-examines the above premise using qualitative open-ended responses from 29 students majoring in architecture from Ahmadu Bello University as studies investigating this category of respondents are sparsely undertaken. Results from qualitative content analyses of 81 phrases reveal that although learning environment influences academic performance, a number of respondents, particularly males, categorically stated that it has no influence on their academic performance. The findings thus assert that providing conducive learning environments may not always translate into good grades to students. Socialisation and interactions between staff and students as well as student-to-student interactions emerged as mediators in the learning environment-academic performance relationship. The need for socialisation and support was pertinent for lower levels, while inadequacy of facilities notably classrooms and studio space influenced postgraduate students more. IEQ variables such as noise and thermal comfort, security as well as assessment modalities also influence academic performance.
Virtual signals of head rotation induce gravity‐dependent inferences of linear acceleration
Authors: Khosravi‐Hashemi Navid , Forbes Patrick A. , Dakin Christopher J. , Blouin Jean‐Sébastien
Published: September 2019

Key points

Considerable debate exists regarding whether electrical vestibular stimuli encoded by vestibular afferents induce a net signal of linear acceleration, rotation or a combination of the two.

This debate exists because an isolated signal of head rotation encoded by the vestibular afferents can cause perceptions of both linear and angular motion.

We recorded participants' perceptions in different orientations relative to gravity and predicted their responses by modelling the effect of electrical vestibular stimuli on vestibular afferents and a current model of central vestibular processing.

We show that, even if electrical vestibular stimuli are encoded as a net signal of head rotation, participants perceive both linear acceleration and rotation motions, provided the electrical stimulation‐induced rotational vector has a component orthogonal to gravity.

The emergence of a perception of linear acceleration from a single rotational input signal clarifies the origins of the neural mechanisms underlying electrical vestibular stimulation.

Electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS) is an increasingly popular biomedical tool for generating sensations of virtual motion in humans, for which the mechanism of action is a topic of considerable debate. Contention surrounds whether the evoked vestibular afferent activity encodes a signal of net rotation and/or linear acceleration. Central processing of vestibular self‐motion signals occurs through an internal representation of gravity that can lead to inferred linear accelerations in absence of a true inertial acceleration. Applying this model to virtual signals of rotation evoked by EVS, we predict that EVS will induce behaviours attributed to both angular and linear motion, depending on the head orientation relative to gravity. To demonstrate this, 18 subjects indicated their perceived motion during sinusoidal EVS when in one of four head/body positions orienting the gravitational vector parallel or orthogonal to the EVS rotation vector. During stimulation, participants selected one simulated movement from seven that corresponded best to what they perceived. Participants' responses in each orientation were predicted by a model combining the influence of EVS on vestibular afferents with known mechanisms of vestibular processing. When the EVS rotation vector had a component orthogonal to gravity, human perceptual responses were consistent with a non‐zero central estimate of interaural or superior‐inferior linear acceleration. The emergence of a perception of linear acceleration from a single rotational input signal clarifies the origins of the neural mechanisms underlying EVS, which has important implications for its use in human biomedical or sensory augmentation applications.
Estudios descoloniales del management y las organizaciones: Avances, desafíos y prospectos
Authors: Rodriguez Jenny K. , Mandiola Marcela , Pulido Martinez Hernan Camilo , Giraldo Tamayo Alba Luz
Published: September 2019

Este número especial presenta discusiones que, desde una mirada latinoamericana y latinoamericanista, abordan el significado de lo critico y la criticalidad en la producción de conocimiento acerca del management y las organizaciones. Los trabajos en este numero especial dejan de lado las representaciones autoritarias que han sostenido ideas hegemónicas y utilizan como punto de partida el conocimiento producido en el margen. Esta comprensión de la criticalidad se fundamental en una postura decolonial (ver Grosfoguel, 2007), la cual utiliza nociones de ruptura en lugar de nociones de (re)negociación intelectual. Esto es, el desarrollo de una mirada epistemológicamente situada desde/hacia lo crítico, buscando rechazar críticas domesticadas que re-negocien o re-formulen significados que finalmente expanden el conocimiento dominante. Este pensamiento “desde el margen” es entonces el pensamiento hegemónico “del margen”.
Managerialismo versus Prácticas Locales. La decolonización del discurso managerial desde la vida de la Escuela
Authors: Sisto Campos Vicente
Published: September 2019

Bajo el patrocinio de organismos internacionales y think tanks, el Managerialismo se ha instalado como racionalidad técnica única para pensar el organizar en Latinoamérica, silenciando otros modos de hacer organización. El proceso de ‘modernización’ neoliberal impulsado por la Dictadura de Pinochet constituyó a Chile en un caso emblemático. Desde este lugar, este escrito se propone mostrar cómo, a pesar de la violencia con la cual este modelo se impone, persisten prácticas que dan cuenta de otras formas de construir una vida conjunta. Mediante datos producidos en el campo escolar chileno, fuertemente intervenido por políticas managerialistas, se muestra cómo emergen, en los intersticios, prácticas mediante las cuales se expresan otras formas de organizar, basadas en la comunidad, cooperación y solidaridad.
Relaciones gubernamentalidad/colonialidad/trabajo: el caso de las transformaciones en el gobierno de las trabajadoras de la industria de flor cortada en Colombia (1995 - 2010)
Authors: Vargas Monroy Liliana
Published: September 2019

Hacia 2002 puede ser registrada una fuerte transformación en los ordenamientos laborales en Colombia, derivada en buena medida de reformas legales vinculadas claramente con la consolidación del modelo neoliberal en el país. Este artículo asume este momento como punto de inflexión, para explorar la forma en que esta transformación se articula con desplazamientos en las formas conducción de la conducta de las trabajadoras – operarias de cultivo dentro de la industria de flor cortada (IFC). La lectura es abordada desde una analítica de la gubernamentalidad, en dialogo con propuestas de la llamada inflexión decolonial en América Latina, discutiendo desde ahí las continuidades y desplazamientos que se dan en las formas de gubernamentalidad que operan sobre las trabajadoras, en dos momentos específicos: 1995-2002 y 2002-2010, que determinan el paso de un énfasis de modelos de disciplina a un énfasis en modelos de autogobierno, en la formación de las obreras dentro de la industria.
Experimental Study of a Lift-Type Wave Energy Converter Rotor in a Freewheeling Mode
Authors: Yang Yingchen , Jenet Fredrick , Xu Ben , Garza Juan Carlos , Tamayo Benjamin , Chavez Yessica , Reyes Oscar , Fuentes Samuel
Published: September 2019

In pursuit of energy harvesting from ocean waves, our recent progress on studying wave interaction with a lift-type rotor is discussed in this paper. The particular focus is on the characterization of the rotor's unidirectional responsiveness in waves. The rotor consists of six hydrofoil blades in two sets. One blade set has three blades laid out as a vertical-axis wind turbine of the Darrieus type. The other blade set has three blades configured like a Wells turbine. In combination, the formed rotor can be driven by flows in any direction to perform a unidirectional rotation about its vertically mounted shaft. This unidirectional responsiveness of the rotor also holds in waves, making the rotor an effective device for wave energy conversion. For the parametric study of the rotor, hydrofoil blades using different cross-sectional profiles and chord lengths have been employed to configure the rotor. The rotor was then tested in a wave flume under various wave conditions in a freewheeling mode. Experimental results were analyzed and discussed. The yielded research findings will greatly enhance the fundamental understanding of the rotor performance in waves and effectively guide the prototype rotor development for practical applications.
The ferroportin Q248H mutation protects from anemia, but not malaria or bacteremia
Authors: Muriuki John Muthii , Mentzer Alexander J. , Band Gavin , Gilchrist James J. , Carstensen Tommy , Lule Swaib A. , Goheen Morgan M. , Joof Fatou , Kimita Wandia , Mogire Reagan , Cutland Clare L. , Diarra Amidou , Rautanen Anna , Pomilla Cristina , Gurdasani Deepti , Rockett Kirk , Mturi Neema , Ndungu Francis M. , Scott J. Anthony G. , Sirima Sodiomon B. , Morovat Alireza , Prentice Andrew M. , Madhi Shabir A. , Webb Emily L. , Elliott Alison M. , Bejon Philip , Sandhu Manjinder S. , Hill Adrian V. S. , Kwiatkowski Dominic P. , Williams Thomas N. , Cerami Carla , Atkinson Sarah H.
Published: September 2019

The FPN Q248H mutation protects children from anemia, hemolysis, and iron deficiency, but not malaria or bacterial infection.
Chimpanzee face recognition from videos in the wild using deep learning
Authors: Schofield Daniel , Nagrani Arsha , Zisserman Andrew , Hayashi Misato , Matsuzawa Tetsuro , Biro Dora , Carvalho Susana
Published: September 2019

Wild ape face recognition using artificial intelligence opens the way for fully automated analysis of large-scale video datasets.
Oxygen supersaturation protects coastal marine fauna from ocean warming
Authors: Giomi Folco , Barausse Alberto , Duarte Carlos M. , Booth Jenny , Agusti Susana , Saderne Vincent , Anton Andrea , Daffonchio Daniele , Fusi Marco
Published: September 2019

Hyperoxia extends heat tolerance in marine ectotherms.
Overcoming adaptive therapy resistance in AML by targeting immune response pathways
Authors: Melgar Katelyn , Walker Morgan M. , Jones LaQuita M. , Bolanos Lyndsey C. , Hueneman Kathleen , Wunderlich Mark , Jiang Jian-Kang , Wilson Kelli M. , Zhang Xiaohu , Sutter Patrick , Wang Amy , Xu Xin , Choi Kwangmin , Tawa Gregory , Lorimer Donald , Abendroth Jan , O’Brien Eric , Hoyt Scott B. , Berman Ellin , Famulare Christopher A. , Mulloy James C. , Levine Ross L. , Perentesis John P. , Thomas Craig J. , Starczynowski Daniel T.
Published: September 2019

Immune stress pathways drive resistance to FLT3 inhibition in FLT3-mutant AML, but a dual inhibitor of FLT3 and IRAK1/4 overcomes this resistance.
Placing skin cells on the assembly line for cardiac repair
Authors: McCain Megan L.
Published: September 2019

Human skin fibroblasts engineered to enhance β-catenin and Gata4 expression secrete vesicles that repair cardiac and skeletal muscle injuries in mice.
Novel 5-Nitrofuran-Activating Reductase in Escherichia coli
Authors: Le Vuong Van Hung , Davies Ieuan G. , Moon Christina D. , Wheeler David , Biggs Patrick J. , Rakonjac Jasna
Published: September 2019

The global spread of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria warrants new strategies to combat these pathogens. One possible approach is the reconsideration of “old” antimicrobials, which remain effective after decades of use. Synthetic 5-nitrofurans such as furazolidone, nitrofurantoin, and nitrofurazone are such a class of antimicrobial drugs.
In Vitro
Activity of Ibrexafungerp, a Novel Glucan Synthase Inhibitor against Candida glabrata Isolates with
FKS
Mutations
Authors: Nunnally Natalie S. , Etienne Kizee A. , Angulo David , Lockhart Shawn R. , Berkow Elizabeth L.
Published: September 2019

Ibrexafungerp is a first-in-class glucan synthase inhibitor.
In vitro
activity was determined for 89
Candida glabrata
isolates with molecularly identified
FKS1
or
FKS2
mutations conferring resistance to the echinocandins. All isolates were resistant to at least one echinocandin (i.e., anidulafungin, caspofungin, or micafungin) by broth microdilution. Results for ibrexafungerp were compared with those for each echinocandin.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes Serovar 1/2a Strain IZSAM_Lm_15_17439_A144, Representative of a Human Outbreak in 2008
Authors: Orsini Massimiliano , Ordinelli Alessandra , Cornacchia Alessandra , Acciari Vicdalia , Centorame Patrizia , Torresi Marina , Pompei Antonella , Marcacci Maurilia , Ancora Massimo , Di Domenico Marco , Perticara Samuel , Cammà Cesare , Di Pasquale Adriano , Gattuso Antonietta , Gianfranceschi Monica , Pomilio Francesco
Published: September 2019

Here, we report the genome sequence of
Listeria
monocytogenes
serovar 1/2a strain IZSAM_Lm_15_17439_A144, isolated in Italy from a patient during a
Listeria monocytogenes
outbreak in 2008. This strain showed 98.9% sequence identity to a strain isolated in Canada in the same year.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Parabacteroides distasonis Strain (CavFT hAR46) Isolated from a Gut Wall-Cavitating Microlesion in a Patient with Severe Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Yang Falong , Kumar Anand , Davenport Karen Walston , Kelliher Julia Mae , Ezeji Jessica C. , Good Caryn E. , Jacobs Michael R. , Conger Mathew , West Gail , Fiocchi Claudio , Cominelli Fabio , Dichosa Armand Earl Ko , Rodriguez-Palacios Alexander
Published: September 2019

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of the digestive tract in humans. There is evidence that
Parabacteroides distasonis
could contribute to IBD. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of a strain designated CavFT-hAR46, which was isolated from a gut intramural cavernous fistulous tract (CavFT) microlesion in a CD patient.
Broad-Host-Range Plasmids for Constitutive and Inducible Gene Expression in the Absence of Antibiotic Selection
Authors: Burbank Lindsey , Wei Wei
Published: September 2019

Plasmid vectors are a valuable research tool for characterizing bacterial gene function, but there is a limited range of plasmids that are functional in nonmodel bacterial species. Described here is a set of broad-host-range plasmids modified for stability in the absence of antibiotic selection and for gene expression manipulation.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Shiga Toxin-Converting Bacteriophage,
Escherichia
Phage Lys12581Vzw, Induced from an Outbreak Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strain
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Liao Yen-Te , Salvador Alexandra , Sun Xiaohong , Wu Vivian C. H.
Published: September 2019

Although numerous Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) strains have been sequenced, genomic information on Stx-converting phages, highly related to the primary virulence factors of STEC, is scarce. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a Stx-converting phage induced from an outbreak STEC O145 strain.
Genome Sequences of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus SAT1 and SAT2 Strains from Kenya in 2014 to 2016
Authors: Palinski Rachel M. , Sangula Abraham , Gakuya Francis , Bertram Miranda R. , Pauszek Steven J. , Hartwig Ethan J. , Smoliga George R. , Obanda Vincent , Omondi George , VanderWaal Kimberly , Arzt Jonathan
Published: September 2019

Here, we report the near-complete genomes of three Southern African Territories 1 (SAT1) serotype strains and one SAT2 serotype strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) recently isolated from Kenya. Viral isolates were obtained from bovine epithelial tissues collected in 2014 and 2016 following outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). These near-complete genome sequences provide a critical update of Kenyan FMDV molecular epidemiology.
Experimental Mouse Models of Disseminated Candida auris Infection
Authors: Xin Hong , Mohiuddin Farhan , Tran Jensen , Adams Abby , Eberle Karen
Published: September 2019

In the last decade,
Candida auris
has emerged globally as a multidrug‐resistant fungal pathogen. Although
C. auris
was initially isolated from the external ear canal, it can cause outbreaks of invasive infections with very high mortality and comorbidities. Recent reports highlight the ongoing challenges due to organism misidentification, high rates of multifungal drug resistance, and unacceptably high patient mortality. The assessment of
C. auris
virulence in a specific genetic deficiency mouse model of invasive
C. auris
infection in this study contributes to the little knowledge of host defense to
C. auris
infection, which holds promise as a model for investigating the pathogenesis of
C. auris
invasive infection, exploring the immune responses elicited by the fungus, evaluating the possible induction of immunity to the infection, and targeting candidates for an antifungal vaccine.
Earliest Jurassic U-Pb ages from carbonate deposits in the Navajo Sandstone, southeastern Utah, USA
Authors: Parrish Judith Totman , Rasbury E. Troy , Chan Marjorie A. , Hasiotis Stephen T.
Published: September 2019

New uranium-lead (U-Pb) analyses of carbonate deposits in the Navajo Sandstone in southeastern Utah (USA) yielded dates of 200.5 ± 1.5 Ma (earliest Jurassic, Hettangian Age) and 195.0 ± 7.7 Ma (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian Age). These radioisotopic ages—the first reported from the Navajo erg and the oldest ages reported for this formation—are critical for understanding Colorado Plateau stratigraphy because they demonstrate that initial Navajo Sandstone deposition began just after the Triassic and that the base of the unit is strongly time-transgressive by at least 5.5 m.y.
Developing a framework of core competencies in implementation research for low/middle-income countries
Authors: Alonge Olakunle , Rao Aditi , Kalbarczyk Anna , Maher Dermot , Gonzalez Marulanda Edwin Rolando , Sarker Malabika , Ibisomi Latifat , Dako-Gyeke Phyllis , Mahendradhata Yodi , Launois Pascal , Vahedi Mahnaz
Published: September 2019

The field of implementation research (IR) is growing. However, there are no recognised IR core competencies in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), nor consistent curriculum across IR training programs globally. The goal of this effort is to develop a framework of IR core competencies for training programs in LMICs. The framework was developed using a mixed-methods approach consisting of two online surveys with IR training coordinators (n = 16) and academics (n = 89) affiliated with seven LMIC institutions, and a modified-Delphi process to evaluate the domains, competencies and proficiency levels included in the framework. The final framework comprised of 11 domains, 59 competencies and 52 sub-competencies, and emphasised competencies for modifying contexts, strengthening health systems, addressing ethical concerns, engaging stakeholders and communication especially for LMIC settings, in addition to competencies on IR theories, methods and designs. The framework highlights the interconnectedness of domains and competencies for IR and practice, and training in IR following the outlined competencies is not a linear process but circular and iterative, and starting points for training may vary widely by the project, institution and challenge being addressed. The framework established the need for a theory-based approach to identifying proficiency levels for IR competencies (ie, to determine proficiency levels for IR based on generalisable educational theories for competency-based education), and the relevance of various IR competencies for LMICs compared with high-income settings. This framework is useful for identifying and evaluating competencies and trainings, and providing direction and support for professional development in IR.
Leading from all levels: building supply chain leadership capacity in Equateur Province, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Phillips-White Nora , Motomoke Eomba , Nkosi Freddy , Crawford Jessica , Magadzire Bvudzai Priscilla , Larsen-Cooper Erin , Biayi Franck
Published: September 2019

A well-functioning supply chain is a critical component of the health system to ensure high-quality medicines and health products are available when and where they are needed. However, because supply chains are complex systems, strong, competent leaders are needed to drive continuous improvement efforts. This paper documents the learnings from a supply chain leadership intervention in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), which aimed to build leadership capacity in a cross-tier group of central/provincial/district-level leaders. The intervention, called the Leadership in Supply Chain Initiative, used an experiential learning curriculum to train 19 ‘champions’ in Equateur Province, DRC. Based on self-assessments and key informant interviews, participants reported that the intervention increased their ability to lead change in the supply chain. In particular, participants and stakeholders noted that empowering district managers as leaders in the supply chain was important to improve supply chain performance, since they oversee service delivery points and are responsible for operationalising changes in the supply chain. Moreover, this intervention adds to evidence that leadership capacity is most effectively gained through experiential learning coupled with mentorship and coaching. Additional research is needed to determine the optimal duration of leadership building interventions and to better understand how supply chain leaders can be supported and mentored within the public health system.
Transradial intraoperative cerebral angiography: a multicenter case series and technical report
Authors: Osbun Joshua W , Patel Bhuvic , Levitt Michael R , Yahanda Alexander T , Shah Amar , Dlouhy Kathleen M , Thatcher Joshua P , Chicoine Michael R , Kim Louis J , Zipfel Gregory J
Published: September 2019

Background

Use of the radial artery as an access site for neurointerventional procedures is gaining popularity after several studies in interventional cardiology have demonstrated superior patient safety, decreased length of stay, and patient preference compared with femoral artery access. The transradial approach has yet to be characterized for intraoperative cerebral angiography.

Objective

To report a multicenter experience on the use of radial artery access in intraoperative cerebral angiography, including case series and discussion of technical nuances.

Methods

27 patients underwent attempted transradial cerebral angiography between

May 2017 and May 2019. Data were collected regarding technique, patient positioning, vessels selected, technical success rate, and access site complications.

Results

24 of the 27 patients (88.8%) underwent successful transradial intraoperative cerebral angiography. 18 patients (66.7%) were positioned supine, 6 patients (22.2%) were positioned prone, 1 patient (3.7%) was positioned lateral, and 2 patients (7.4%) were positioned three-quarters prone. A total of 31 vessels were selected including 13 right carotid arteries (8 common, 1 external, 4 internal), 11 left carotid arteries (9 common and 2 internal), and 6 vertebral arteries (5 right and 1 left). Two patients (7.4%) required conversion to femoral access in order to complete the intraoperative angiogram (1 due to arterial vasospasm and 1 due to inadvertent venous catheterization). One procedure (3.7%) was aborted because of inability to obtain the appropriate fluoroscopic views due to patient positioning. No patient experienced stroke, arterial dissection, or access site complication.

Conclusions

Transradial intraoperative cerebral angiography is safe and feasible with potential for improved operating room workflow ergonomics, faster patient mobility in the postoperative period, and reduced costs.
MicroRNA profiling of human myeloid angiogenic cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Zhang Qiuwang , Cannavicci Anthony , Dai Si-Cheng , Wang Chenxi , Kutryk Michael J.B.
Published: September 2019

Human myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs), also termed early endothelial progenitor cells, play an important role in neovascularization and vascular repair. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of naturally occurring, noncoding, short (∼22 nucleotides), single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. MiRNAs have been shown to regulate MAC function. A miRNA signature of MACs was described approximately a decade ago, and many new miRNAs have been discovered in recent years. In this study, we aimed to provide an up-to-date miRNA signature for human MACs. MACs were obtained by culture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in endothelial medium for 7 days. Using qPCR array analysis we identified 72 highly expressed miRNAs (CT value < 30) in human MACs. RT–qPCR quantification of select miRNAs revealed a strong correlation between the CT values detected by the array analysis and RT–qPCR, suggesting the miRNA signature generated by the qPCR array assay is accurate and reliable. Experimentally validated target genes of the 10 most highly expressed miRNAs were retrieved. Only a few of the targets and their respective miRNAs have been studied for their role in MAC biology. Our study therefore provides a valuable repository of miRNAs for future exploration of miRNA function in MACs.
Investigations of the formation of zeolite ZSM-39 (MTN)
Authors: Lin Zheng Sonia , Chen Donghan , Nie Heng-Yong , Wong Y.T. Angel , Huang Yining
Published: September 2019

Crystallization of zeolite ZSM-39 (MTN), a clathrate and silicate analogue of the 17 Å cubic gas hydrate, was examined in a solvent system involving a tetramethylammonium chloride – 1,6-hexanediol deep eutectic mixture and significant amount of water. The crystallization process was followed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) techniques involving several nuclei such as 19F, 29Si, and 13C. The results indicate that the crystallization starts from the arrangement of amorphous Si–O–Si species around the tetramethylammonium ions and subsequent formation of the cages in the precursors similar to [51264] cages in the MTN topology. The larger [51264] cages are then connected via the smaller [512] cages containing the fluoride ions to form the final MTN structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses show that the crystal growth rates along <100> and <111> directions are roughly the same, suggesting that the (100) and (111) planes have similar stability under the crystallization conditions used. AFM study also shows that the freshly born nuclei on the (100) face are of a height of 2 nm, suggesting a layer by layer growth of the polyhedral crystal.