bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beneficial effects of enriched environment on behavior, cognitive functions, and hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor level following postnatal serotonin depletion in male rats
Authors: Saadati Hakimeh , Ghaheri Safa , Sadegzadeh Farshid , Sakhaie Nona , Abdollahzadeh Maryam
Published: November 2022

The neurotransmitter serotonin (5‐HT) is one of the most important modulators of neural circuitry and has a critical role in neural development and functions. Previous studies indicated that changes in serotonergic system signaling in early life critically impact mental health, behavior, the morphology of hippocampal neurons, and cognitive functions across the lifespan. The enriched environment (EE) has indicated beneficial effects on behavior and cognitive functions in the developmental period of life, but its impacts on cognitive impairments and behavioral changes following postnatal serotonin depletion are unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the influences of the EE housing (postnatal days [PNDs] 21–60) following postnatal serotonin depletion (by para‐chlorophenylalanine [PCPA], 100 mg/kg, s.c, in PNDs 10–20) on anxiety‐related behaviors, cognitive functions, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in the hippocampus of male rats. Memory and behavioral parameters were examined in early adulthood and after that, the hippocampi of rats were removed to determine the BDNF mRNA expression by PCR (PNDs 60–70). The findings of the present work indicated that adolescent EE exposure alleviated memory impairment, decreased BDNF levels, and anxiety disorders induced by experimental depletion of serotonin. Overall, these results indicate that serotonergic system dysregulation during the developmental periods can be alleviated by adolescent EE exposure.
Medicinal plant‐associated rhizobacteria enhance the production of pharmaceutically important bioactive compounds under abiotic stress conditions
Authors: Vaghela Nishtha , Gohel Sangeeta
Published: November 2022

Interest in cultivating valuable medicinal plants to collect bioactive components has risen extensively over the world to meet the demands of health care systems, pharmaceuticals, and food businesses. Farmers commonly use chemical fertilizers to attain maximal biomass and yield, which have negative effects on the growth, development, and bioactive constituents of such medicinally important plants. Because of its low cost, environmentally friendly behavior, and nondestructive impact on soil fertility, plant health, and human health, the use of beneficial rhizobial microbiota is an alternative strategy for increasing the production of useful medicinal plants under both standard and stressed conditions. Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with medicinal plants belong to the genera Azotobacter, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Burkholderia, Exiguobacterium, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Mycobacterium, Methylobacterium, and Serratia. These microbes enhance plant growth parameters by producing secondary metabolites, including enzymes and antibiotics, which help in nutrient uptake, enhance soil fertility, improve plant growth, and protect against plant pathogens. The role of PGPR in the production of biomass and their effect on the quality of bioactive compounds (phytochemicals) is described in this review. Additionally, the mitigation of environmental stresses including drought stress, saline stress, alkaline stress, and flooding stress to herbal plants is illustrated.
Numerical and experimental evaluation of low‐intensity transcranial focused ultrasound wave propagation using human skulls for brain neuromodulation
Authors: Chen Mengyue , Peng Chang , Wu Huaiyu , Huang Chih‐Chung , Kim Taewon , Traylor Zachary , Muller Marie , Chhatbar Pratik Y. , Nam Chang S. , Feng Wuwei , Jiang Xiaoning
Published: November 2022

Background

Low‐intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) has gained considerable attention as a promising noninvasive neuromodulatory technique for human brains. However, the complex morphology of the skull hinders scholars from precisely predicting the acoustic energy transmitted and the region of the brain impacted during the sonication. This is due to the fact that different ultrasound frequencies and skull morphology variations greatly affect wave propagation through the skull.

Purpose

Although the acoustic properties of human skull have been studied for tFUS applications, such as tumor ablation using a multielement phased array, there is no consensus about how to choose a single‐element focused ultrasound (FUS) transducer with a suitable frequency for neuromodulation. There are interests in exploring the magnitude and dimension of tFUS beam through human parietal bone for modulating specific brain lobes. Herein, we aim to investigate the wave propagation of tFUS on human skulls to understand and address the concerns above.

Methods

Both experimental measurements and numerical modeling were conducted to investigate the transmission efficiency and beam pattern of tFUS on five human skulls (C3 and C4 regions) using single‐element FUS transducers with six different frequencies (150–1500 kHz). The degassed skull was placed in a water tank, and a calibrated hydrophone was utilized to measure acoustic pressure past it. The cranial computed tomography scan data of each skull were obtained to derive a high‐resolution acoustic model (grid point spacing: 0.25 mm) in simulations. Meanwhile, we modified the power‐law exponent of acoustic attenuation coefficient to validate numerical modeling and enabled it to be served as a prediction tool, based on the experimental measurements.

Results

The transmission efficiency and −6 dB beamwidth were evaluated and compared for various frequencies. An exponential decrease in transmission efficiency and a logarithmic decrease of −6 dB beamwidth with an increase in ultrasound frequency were observed. It is found that a >750 kHz ultrasound leads to a relatively lower tFUS transmission efficiency (<5%), whereas a <350 kHz ultrasound contributes to a relatively broader beamwidth (>5 mm). Based on these observations, we further analyzed the dependence of tFUS wave propagation on FUS transducer aperture size.

Conclusions

We successfully studied tFUS wave propagation through human skulls at different frequencies experimentally and numerically. The findings have important implications to predict tFUS wave propagation for ultrasound neuromodulation in clinical applications, and guide researchers to develop advanced ultrasound transducers as neural interfaces.
Modeling heat transfer and transcrystallization kinetics during processing of polymer‐based composites materials
Authors: Bigot Nicolas , Boutaous M'hamed , Xin Shihe , Hamila Nahiéne
Published: November 2022

Transcrystallization phenomena is a key issue to master for better understanding the role on the fiber‐matrix interface in composites materials behavior during and after processing. In this paper, a non‐isothermal kinetics model is presented to consider crystallization in fiber‐based composite with thermoplastic matrix. The model extends Schneider's formulation to describe the development of transcrystalline layers around fibers. It also mentions the possibility to easily account for shear and flow conditions in addition to the transcrystallinity. Another approach, based on the volume fractions, giving the same results, is also introduced for comparison. Then, a parametric study is proposed in order to demonstrate the relevance of the developed model by comparing its results to well‐known expecting behavior from the literature. Finally, an attempt is made to compare this model to the one proposed previously in the literature by Durin and al. after correcting some unclear points in the latter.
Reproductive health in Turner syndrome: A narrative review
Authors: Whigham Carole‐Anne , Vollenhoven Beverley , Vincent Amanda J.
Published: November 2022

Turner syndrome (TS), a common chromosomal abnormality affecting females, is associated with partial or complete loss of the second sex chromosome. Although the classic karyotype is 45, X, the detection of mosaic TS is increasing. TS is a multi‐system disorder with significant endocrine, cardiovascular and reproductive impacts. Accelerated ovarian follicular loss leads to primary amenorrhoea or premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility. Early diagnosis and counselling regarding hormone replacement therapy and future reproductive capacity, including fertility preservation, are essential to improve reproductive outcomes. Pubertal induction or estrogen replacement is usually required to optimise long‐term health outcomes; however, initiation may be delayed due to delayed diagnosis. Spontaneous pregnancy occurs in a small number of women; however, many require donor oocytes and assisted reproductive technology to achieve a pregnancy. Pregnancy is a high risk especially when associated with congenital heart disease. Prepregnancy counselling by the multidisciplinary team (MDT) to identify contraindications and optimise pre‐existing health issues is essential. Pregnancy management should be led by a maternal‐fetal medicine unit with input from the MDT. This review examines reproductive health outcomes in women with TS and how best to manage them to reduce health risks and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.
An asymmetric low concentrator and spectral splitting approach to bifacial four‐terminal photovoltaic modules
Authors: Farina Andrea , Carlotto Alice , Varas Stefano , Chiasera Alessandro , Pietralunga Silvia Maria
Published: November 2022

We introduce the conceptual design of the optical core for a spectral‐splitting and light‐guiding four‐terminal (4T) photovoltaic (PV) module, with appealing features for bifacial operation. We analyze the applicability of the solution and its performance using a commercial ray‐tracing software for direct and diffused solar irradiance at standard AM1.5G spectrum. The core is a right‐angle transparent wedged (RAW) prism. Complementary, two dichroic mirrors are optically coupled to the rear and bottom faces of the wedge to perform the spectral‐splitting (SS) function. Low‐gain concentration in the visible (VIS) band is provided by combining dichroic reflections with achromatic total internal reflection (TIR) at the topmost air‐dielectric interface for light guiding. The module can support 4T heterojunction connection, implemented with wide‐bandgap (WG) solar cells for the VIS and silicon‐based solar cells for the near infrared (NIR). At a geometrical concentration gainCG‐VIS ≈ 4 and wide optical acceptance angleθA ≈ 48°, also VIS diffused light is effectively collected and a spectrally integrated optical efficiencyηo,diff = 62%, (ηo(diff,NIR) =45%,ηo(diff,VIS) = 17%) is estimated. Under direct illuminationηo,dir > 80% is obtained over the whole angular acceptance with a maximum optical efficiencyηo,dir‐MAX ≈ 88.7% atθi = 37°. Low‐concentrating RAW‐SS can work stationary and trackless. The tilt angle for the orientation is set according to the latitude at the installation site, and in the northern hemisphere, it is more north‐oriented with respect to standard panels. The collection of albedo irradiance from the ground is favored, since the scaling coefficient for self‐shading of the module at sun elevation is lower than for standard flat panels of equivalent input area and normally oriented. The decrease in self‐shading is therefore an asset for bifacial operation and specifically effective at lower latitudes where solar irradiance is stronger. The possible applications range from sub‐watt indoor PV and Internet‐of‐Things power suppliers to utility‐scale plants and building‐integrated solutions.
Feedback‐Assisted Quantum Search by Continuous‐Time Quantum Walks
Authors: Candeloro Alessandro , Benedetti Claudia , Genoni Marco G. , Paris Matteo G. A.
Published: November 2022

The quantum search of a target node on a cycle graph by means of a quantum walk assisted by continuous measurement and feedback are addressed. Unlike previous spatial search approaches, where the oracle is described as a projector on the target state, a dynamical oracle implemented through a feedback Hamiltonian is considered. The idea is based on continuously monitoring the position of the quantum walker on the graph and then applying a unitary feedback operation based on the information obtained from measurement. The feedback changes the couplings between the nodes and it is optimized at each time via a numerical procedure. The stochastic trajectories describing the evolution for graphs of dimensions up to are numerically simulated, and the performance of the protocol is quantified via the average fidelity between the state of the walker and the target node. Different constraints on the control strategy are discussed. For unbounded controls, the protocol is able to quickly localize the walker on the target node. How the performance is lowered by posing an upper bound on the control couplings is then discussed. Finally, it is shown how a digital feedback protocol seems in general as efficient as the continuous bounded one.
Adaptive control Lyapunov function based model predictive control for continuous nonlinear systems
Authors: Zheng Yi , Wang Yanye , Li Shaoyuan
Published: November 2022

A design of adaptive model predictive control (MPC) based on adaptive control Lyapunov function (aCLF) is proposed in this article for nonlinear continuous systems with part of its dynamics being unknown at the starting time. Specifically, to guarantee the convergence of the closed‐loop system with online predictive model updating, a stability constraint is designed. It limits the aCLF of the system under the MPC to be less than that under an online updated auxiliary adaptive control. The auxiliary adaptive control which implements in a sampling‐hold fashion can guarantee the convergence of the controlled system. The sufficient conditions that guarantee the states to be steered to a small region near the equilibrium by the proposed MPC are provided. The calculation of the proposed algorithm does not depend on the model mismatch at the starting time. And it does not require the Lyapunov function of the state of the real system always to be reduced at each time. These provide the potential to improve the performance of the closed‐loop system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through a chemical process example.
A Comprehensive Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction
Authors: Khan Javid , Sun Yanyan , Han Lei
Published: November 2022

Inspired by natural photosynthesis, harnessing the wide range of natural solar energy and utilizing appropriate semiconductor‐based catalysts to convert carbon dioxide into beneficial energy species, for example, CO, CH4, HCOOH, and CH3COH have been shown to be a sustainable and more environmentally friendly approach. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has been regarded as a highly effective photocatalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction, owing to its cost‐effectiveness, high thermal and chemical stability, visible light absorption capability, and low toxicity. However, weaker electrical conductivity, fast recombination rate, smaller visible light absorption window, and reduced surface area make this catalytic material unsuitable for commercial photocatalytic applications. Therefore, certain procedures, including elemental doping, structural modulation, functional group adjustment of g‐C3N4, the addition of metal complex motif, and others, may be used to improve its photocatalytic activity towards effective CO2 reduction. This review has investigated the scientific community's perspectives on synthetic pathways and material optimization approaches used to increase the selectivity and efficiency of the g‐C3N4‐based hybrid structures, as well as their benefits and drawbacks on photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Finally, the review concludes a comparative discussion and presents a promising picture of the future scope of the improvements.
Assessment of genetic markers for multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Fasciola isolates from Iran
Authors: Nazari Naser , Rokni Mohamad Bagher , Ichikawa‐Seki Madoka , Raeghi Saber , Hajjaran Homa , Falahi Shahab , Hamzavi Yazdan , Heydarian Peyman , Davari Afshin , Ghadiri Keyphobad , Bozorgomid Arezoo
Published: November 2022

Background

Several markers have been described to characterise the population structure and genetic diversity of Fasciola species (Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) and Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica). However, sequence analysis of a single genomic locus cannot provide sufficient resolution for the genetic diversity of the Fasciola parasite whose genomes are ∼1.3 GB in size.

Objectives

To gain a better understanding of the gene diversity of Fasciola isolates from western Iran and to identify the most informative markers as candidates for epidemiological studies, five housekeeping genes were evaluated using a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach.

Methods

MLST analysis was developed based on five genes (ND1, Pepck, Pold, Cyt b and HSP70) after genomic DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing. Nucleotide diversity and phylogeny analysis were conducted on both concatenated MLST loci and each individual locus. A median joining haplotype network was created to examine the haplotypes relationship among Fasciola isolates.

Results

Thirty‐three Fasciola isolates (19 F. hepatica and 14 F. gigantica) were included in the study. A total of 2971 bp was analysed for each isolate and 31 sequence types (STs) were identified among the 33 isolates (19 for F. hepatica and 14 for F. gigantica isolates). The STs produced 44 and 42 polymorphic sites and 17 and 14 haplotypes for F. hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively. Haplotype diversity was 0.982 ± 0.026 and 1.000 ± 0.027 and nucleotide diversity was 0.00200 and 0.00353 ± 0.00088 for F. hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively. There was a high degree of genetic diversity with a Simpson's index of diversity of 0.98 and 1 for F. hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively. While HSP70 and Pold haplotypes from Fasciola species were separated by one to three mutational steps, the haplotype networks of ND1 and Cyt b were more complex and numerous mutational steps were found, likely due to recombination.

Conclusions

Although HSP70 and Pold genes from F. gigantica were invariant over the entire region of sequence coverage, MLST was useful for investigating the phylogenetic relationship of Fasciola species. The present study also provided insight into markers more suitable for phylogenetic studies and the genetic structure of Fasciola parasites.
On New Alkaline‐Earth Hexafluorogermanates as Host Structures for UV Phosphors
Authors: Schäfer Martin J. , Fleischmann Florian , Höppe Henning A.
Published: November 2022

Two new hexafluorogermanate dihydrates, viz. SrGeF6 ⋅ 2H2O and CaGeF6 ⋅ 2H2O, were synthesised from aqueous solutions; their crystal structures were refined in space group P21/n (SrGeF6 ⋅ 2H2O: a=5.9605(2) Å, b=9.6428(3) Å, a=10.9866(3) Å and β=99.1590(10), Z=4, 5122 refl., 104 param., R1=0.0195, wR2=0.0470; CaGeF6 ⋅ 2H2O: a=5.8472(5) Å, b=10.5099(9) Å, c=9.6267(9) Å and β=103.521(3), Z=4, 4756 refl., 101 param., R1=0.0224, wR2=0.0616). Upon doping with Eu2+ luminescence in the NUV regime was observed. The crystal structures of CaGeF6 and MgGeF6 could be solved and refined via Rietveld refinement from powder samples gained by thermal decomposition of the respective hydrates; both compounds adopt the LiSbF6 structure type (CaGeF6: a=5.4099(5) Å, c=13.9835(13) Å, Z=3, Rwp=0.0291, RBragg=0.0142; MgGeF6: a=5.1219(2) Å, c=13.0851(7), Z=3, Rwp=0.034, RBragg=0.01). Further, the luminescence of MgGeF6 ⋅ 6H2O:Eu2+, which emits light in the violet to blue regime, is reported.
Introduction: Movements and Morality
Authors: Sevelsted Anders , Toubøl Jonas
Published: November 2022

The introductory chapter argues why there is a need for a book on movements and morality and how this volume meets this need. It introduces the twofold purpose of the book: insights into the moral foundations of current civic struggles and political conflicts and developing theoretical, empirical, and methodological approaches to studying morality in movements. Then a review of the development of the field of social movement research reveals how morality is treated fragmentarily, which leads to a discussion of the terminological tempest of morality and an introduction of the three moral dimensions that structure the book: selves in interaction, rationalization and justification, and culture and tradition. The contributions to the volume are introduced according to these three dimensions, and a final section points to the methodological creativity and diversity that characterizes the volume, attesting to the fruitfulness of a research agenda centered on movements and morality.
Paradigm Revived? Concluding Sketches of an Emerging Research Agenda
Authors: Toubøl Jonas , Sevelsted Anders
Published: November 2022

The concluding chapter of the book points to research agendas that have emerged from the contributions to the volume on movements and morality. It does not sum up each contribution, since an introduction to concepts, methods, and applications can be found in the introductory Chap. 1. Instead, the chapter identifies six lacunae in social movement studies that have become apparent in the pages of the book. A first lacuna is related to the bias in focus on left-wing groups, a second on the causal effects of morality, a third foundational lacuna pertains to the relationship between social science and moral philosophy, a fourth to how we perceive of morality and time, a fifth to the global diffusion of moral claims, and finally a sixth lacuna relates to reflections on the dilemma of universal moral claims versus particular identities and situations.
Paradigm Lost? Three Dimensions of Morality and Social Movements
Authors: Sevelsted Anders , Toubøl Jonas
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, focusing on the position of the concept of morality, we briefly review the evolution of the field of social movements from the first formulations of the phenomena of protest, mass, and collective action in classical sociology, through the formation of social movement studies as proper field of research in the 1970s, to its contemporary state. We argue that while morality was central to the classical tradition’s understanding of movements, it lost prominence when the field was established, and still today, morality does not receive much attention. There are, of course, notable exceptions like the work of Jeffrey Alexander, Hans Joas, and the new social movement tradition in Europe. Relatively recently, morality has received increasing attention from scholars studying movements from the perspective of culture. We discuss the role of morality in three of the most prominent theories in this tradition, namely, collective identity, frame alignment, and emotion theory. We argue that they all present promising avenues for developing our understanding of morality and movements while we also point to limitations and inadequacies in each theory or the way they have been applied. We then turn to the constructive work of reorganizing the concept of morality’s relationship with civic action and social movement by developing three dimensions of morality that we argue which are of particular relevance to social movements: selves in interaction, rationalization and justification, and culture and tradition. We trace each dimension from its origin in moral philosophy through its formulation in classical sociology and finally into contemporary theories of civic action. Before closing, we reflect on how the different dimensions intersect and can be applied to the analysis of contemporary empirical cases of social movements and political protest.
Social Movements Prefiguring Political Theory
Authors: Wathne Sophia
Published: November 2022

Adding to the growing literature on social movements as knowledge and theory creators, this chapter wants more social movement research to focus on the content of thepolitical theories created by social movements, as an outcome of their morality. This chapter argues that prefigurative social movements create political theory through the interplay of their internal and external communication, their organization, and in their discussions of how and why to change the world: They are prefiguring political theory through their cognitive praxis. The chapter demonstrates how the literature on prefigurative social movements and Ron Jamison and Andrew Eyerman’s concept of cognitive praxis, combined with a decolonial feminist approach to knowledge and theory, provides space for the political theory of social movements within social movement literature. This theory is inherently political as it is aimed to be a (temporary) guide toward the kind of world the movements want to see and argues why the world should look like that.

The chapter briefly outlines how a Cartesian approach to science prevents us from viewing theory based on lived experience as theory, even though all theory is based on lived experience, and thereby explains why we have not taken the knowledge and theory created by social movements seriously for so long. To recognize social movements as political actors, we need to engage with the concepts, policy proposals, critiques, or new institutions that they are creating, and not only the mechanics around creating them. Consequently, we need to recognize social movements as the authors of the knowledge and theory they create and not take credit for “discovering” it. Lastly, from a decolonial approach, we should recognize that social movement research is relational and that the research process should involve the social movements themselves to make sure they also benefit from it, and view them as colleagues who are sharing their knowledge with us. Moving away from the more Cartesian view of science requires a decolonization of the entire research process, and in particular rethinking what this means in terms of authorship, ownership, and credit.
Medical Evidence of Alpine Natural Resources as a Base for Health Tourism
Authors: Pichler Christina , Hartl Arnulf J. , Weisböck-Erdheim Renate , Bischof Michael
Published: November 2022

The Alpine space disposes of excellent prerequisites to respond to the increasing demand of nature-based health tourism. Despite a growing scientific knowledge on the manifold benefits of human interaction with Alpine natural resources, the health tourism potential has not yet been fully exploited by Alpine regions. Based on major push and pull factors, the current state of scientific knowledge on the healing potential of nine selected natural Alpine resources is presented and discussed with regard to their health tourism potential. Major research gaps as well as starting points for future studies are demonstrated. In this way, the present work contributes to an applicable knowledge base on the health benefits of Alpine resources to enhance regional innovation capacity in terms of sustainable health tourism development. As tourism regions are increasingly taking evidence-based approaches to health tourism and regional development, the resulting lighthouses will contribute to the positioning of the Alpine space as globally attractive healing environment.
Alpine Assets, Perceptions and Strategies for Nature-Based Health Tourism
Authors: Mosedale Jan , Hartl Arnulf , Pichler Christina , Bischof Michael
Published: November 2022

Nature-based health tourism is experiencing a resurgence. To determine its potential as a development opportunity for alpine destinations, it is necessary to analyse both the demand and supply side. Two surveys were conducted: a representative survey of the population of six countries of the Alpine Space exploring the perception of the Alps as a healthy destination in general and on the personal assessment of the health effect of natural resources in particular and an exploratory survey of tourism stakeholders in destination management, accommodation and gastronomy as well as (health) tourism services with a focus on the expected economic developments and the relevance of individual target groups for nature-based health tourism. The results demonstrate the need for a strategic development process which aligns perceptions with destination strategy and pre-existing offers. Two potential strategies are briefly outlined: 1. destinations with non-locally specific alpine natural health resources can develop broad tourism experiences for health conditions that occur across society with health a secondary aspect in marketing. 2. destinations featuring locally specific natural health resources with proven evidence can develop offers for a specific condition and are thus able to target a very specific group.
An Ontology-Based Decision Support System to Foster Innovation and Competitiveness Opportunities of Health Tourism Destinations
Authors: Spoladore Daniele , Pessot Elena
Published: November 2022

The competitiveness of nature-based Health Tourism (NHT) industry, especially in the Alpine regions, is increasingly linked to the sustainability and exploitation of unique natural resources of tourism destinations, which often lack the access to knowledge and networks of stakeholders to improve their offerings. In this sense, the use of digital tools can open up further opportunities to reconsider value offerings and better access different knowledge resources and relationships within the industry network. This Chapter illustrates the collaborative design approach adopted in HEALPS2 for the development of an ontology-based Decision Support System for health tourism destinations. The resulting ontology aims to model the relationships between the available natural resources, the value offerings and the target groups of NHT destinations. Moreover, the Collaborative Design approach foresees the involvement of end-users (i.e. not only tourism destinations, but also the network of stakeholders, and the actual and potential future tourists) as both sources of knowledge and validators of the ontology and its outputs, aiming to inform decision-making processes in a shared knowledge model that leverages on digital tools.
A Methodology for Participatory Stakeholder Engagement in Nature-Based Health Tourism
Authors: Čeh Danilo , Nenad Mirjana , Pessot Elena
Published: November 2022

Participatory stakeholder engagement in strategy-making, for industries such as Nature-based Health Tourism (NHT), enhances the delivery of more useful and applicable strategies, with also higher chances to reach intended goals if compared to conventional top-down planning processes. This chapter describes the methodology identified and carried out in the HEALPS2 project to efficiently reach and engage stakeholders of Alpine NHT and to form a stakeholder group at the transnational level (including the engagement of EU-level ac-tors and networks). Based on the Quadruple Helix concept, the methodology integrates a process of stakeholder engagement and endorsement along three steps; the identification of the key points and the problems to be tackled for a successful stakeholder engagement; and the development of Regional and Transnational Stakeholder Groups that extend to the cooperation with EU-wide networks. Developing health tourism products and service chains, and sustaining them with strategies and policies, is a complex undertaking. The adoption of the stakeholder engagement approaches throughout the HEALPS2 project showed that it is of utmost importance to properly identify, involve and communicate with the stakeholders who effectively complement the success of the project, and its outcomes, in enhancing NHT competitiveness.
Innovation Practices and Techniques for Nature-Based Health Tourism Competitiveness
Authors: Nenad Mirjana , Pessot Elena
Published: November 2022

Innovation is considered essential to the growth and long-term sustainability of health tourism companies and destinations. Continuous innovation takes place to improve the industry competitiveness, but especially the tourists’ experience and wellness with new product offerings. This Chapter collects and describes the innovation practices proposed and developed in some pilot regions of the HEALPS2 project consortium. The innovation practices identified in the project can be subdivided into three types, i.e., innovation techniques, innovation supporting tools, and innovative product offerings. All the practices were designed to target several operators of the Nature-based Health Tourism (NHT) industry, from tourism facilities and companies (especially small- and medium-sized enterprises) to regional councils and municipalities in charge of policy-making and tourism strategy development. HEALPS 2 innovation practices and techniques can be purposefully integrated at the regional and local level for a more innovation-driven industry strategy and business development, as well as facilitation of transnational cooperation among key actors, also beyond Alpine regions and NHT destinations.
Simplicity of Augmentations of Codimension 1 Germs and by Morse Functions
Authors: Breva Ribes I. , Oset Sinha R.
Published: November 2022

We study the simplicity of map-germs obtained by the operation of augmentation and describe how to obtain their versal unfoldings. When the augmentation comes from an $${\mathscr {A}}_e$$

A
e

-codimension 1 germ or the augmenting function is a Morse function, we give a complete characterisation for simplicity. These characterisations yield all the simple augmentations in all explicitly obtained classifications of $${\mathscr {A}}$$
A
-simple monogerms except for one ($$F_4$$

F
4

in Mond’s list from $$\mathbb C^2$$

C
2

to $$\mathbb C^3$$

C
3

). Moreover, using our results we produce a list of corank 1 simple augmentations from $$\mathbb C^4$$

C
4

to $$\mathbb C^4$$

C
4

.
A new knee arthrometer demonstrated to be reliable and accurate to assess anterior tibial translation in comparison with stress radiographs
Authors: Milano Giuseppe , Colosio Alessandro , Scaini Alessandra , Motta Marcello , Raggi Andrea , Zanoni Fabio , Galli Stefano , Saccomanno Maristella F.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

For several years, many arthrometers have been developed to assess anterior knee laxity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the validity of a new practical and handy testing device with the hypothesis that the new arthrometer had good validity in terms of reliability and accuracy.

Methods

Lachman test was performed on five fresh frozen cadaveric knees by five examiners. Anterior tibial translation (ATT) was measured with a new arthrometer (BLU-DAT) and on lateral stress radiographs. Data on ATT were obtained under 7 kg (69 N), 9 kg (88 N), and maximum manual traction (MMT). Tests were performed on the same specimens before and after arthroscopic ACL excision. Inter-rater reliability of the BLU-DAT measures was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for single and average measurements. The Bland–Altman method was used to estimate agreement between the BLU-DAT and stress radiographs.

Results

ICC values for single measurements were 0.62, 0.54 and 0.58 for 7-kg, 9-kg and MMT assessment, respectively. Overall reliability was good (ICC = 0.63). ICC values for average measurements were 0.89, 0.85 and 0.88 for 7-kg, 9-kg and MMT assessment, respectively. Overall reliability was very good (ICC = 0.90) SEM ranged from 1.4 mm to 1.6 mm for single measurements and was below 1 mm at each testing condition for average measurements. Analysis of agreement between BLU-DAT and radiographic measurements showed a mean difference equal to 0.83 mm ± 2.1 mm (95% CI: 0.55–1.11). Upper LOA was equal to 4.9 mm (95% CI: 5.39–4.41). Lower LOA was equal to − 3.2 mm (95% CI: − 2.71 to − 3.69).

Conclusion

Measurement of anterior knee laxity with the BLU-DAT testing device has a good to very good inter-rater reliability and good agreement with a gold standard such as stress radiographs.

Cadaveric Diagnostic Study, Level of Evidence IV.
Link between melt-impregnation and metamorphism of Atlantis Massif peridotite (IODP Expedition 357)
Authors: Whattam Scott A. , De Hoog Jan C. M. , Leybourne Matthew I. , Khedr Mohamed Zaki
Published: November 2022

IODP Expedition 357 drilled 17 shallow sites scattered over ~ 10 km in the west to east spreading direction across the Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex (OCC, MAR, 30 ºN). Mantle exposed in the footwall of the Atlantic Massif OCC is nearly wholly serpentinized (80–100%) harzburgite and subordinate dunite. A recent whole-rock chemistry study by Whattam et al. (Chemical Geology 594. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120681, 2022) subdivides Atlantis Massif peridotites into: Type I fluid–rock dominated serpentinite, which exhibits almost nil evidence of melt-impregnation or silica metasomatism; Type II melt–rock dominated, mafic melt-impregnated serpentinite; and Type III melt–rock dominated Si-metasomatized serpentinite. In this study, on the basis of EPMA, three kinds of Cr–spinel are distinguished in Expedition 357 serpentinite: (I) primary, unmetamorphosed mantle array, (II) low-Ti metamorphosed, and (III) high-Ti melt reacted. All Cr–spinel of western site Type I serpentinite is unmetamorphosed (n = 34) and comprises 68% of all unmetamorphosed Cr–spinel. Metamorphosed Cr–spinel (n = 100) are the most abundant and occur in the central and eastern site Type II and Type III serpentinite, whereas melt-reacted Cr–spinel and chromite are restricted to the central sites and occur predominantly in serpentinized dunite. Estimates of the degree of melt extraction of Type I serpentinite using F = 10ln(spinel Cr#) + 24 are ~ 9–17%. Fugacity calculations of primary, unmetamorphosed Cr–spinel yield Δlog(fO2)FMQ of − 1.7 to + 1.0 and calculations using olivine–spinel Mg–Fe exchange thermometry yield a mean closure temperature of 808 ± 39 °C. Mafic melt-impregnation resulted in Cr–spinel with anomalously high TiO2 of 0.27–0.68 wt.% and production of Ti-rich chromite (up to 1.23 wt.% TiO2). Greenschist facies metamorphism (< 500 °C) resulted in Mg–Fe2+ exchange between Cr–spinel and forsterite and anomalously low Cr–spinel Mg#; higher degrees of amphibolite facies metamorphism (~ 500–700 °C) also resulted in anomalously high Cr# due to Al–Cr exchange. As has been previously established, significant Al loss from chromite cores above 550 °C is the result of equilibration with fluids in equilibrium with chlorite, which may be valid for our samples. On the basis of Cr–spinel vs. whole-rock compositions, a clear relationship exists between melt-impregnation and metamorphism of central and eastern serpentinite, which we postulate to be the result of heat associated with magma injection and subsequent localized contact metamorphism. To our knowledge, such a relation between mafic melt-impregnation of peridotite and metamorphism (of peridotite) has not previously been established in general and specifically for the Atlantis Massif peridotite. Closure temperatures of 440–731 °C of metamorphosed Cr–spinel approximate greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphic conditions.
Higher-power harmonic maps and sections
Authors: Ramachandran A. , Wood C. M.
Published: November 2022

The variational theory of higher-power energy is developed for mappings between Riemannian manifolds, and more generally sections of submersions of Riemannian manifolds, and applied to sections of Riemannian vector bundles and their sphere subbundles. A complete classification is then given for left-invariant vector fields on three-dimensional unimodular Lie groups equipped with an arbitrary left-invariant Riemannian metric.
Computational indeterminacy and explanations in cognitive science
Authors: Papayannopoulos Philippos , Fresco Nir , Shagrir Oron
Published: November 2022

Computational physical systems may exhibit indeterminacy of computation (IC). Their identified physical dynamics may not suffice to select a unique computational profile. We consider this phenomenon from the point of view of cognitive science and examine how computational profiles of cognitive systems are identified and justified in practice, in the light of IC. To that end, we look at the literature on the underdetermination of theory by evidence and argue that the same devices that can be successfully employed to confirm physical hypotheses can also be used to rationally single out computational profiles, notwithstanding IC.
Association Between Maternal Factors and Risk of Congenital Heart Disease in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Lina , Li Na , Liu Yong
Published: November 2022

Introduction

This study aimed to summarize the evidence describing the relationship between maternal factors during gestation and risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for potentially relevant reports from inception to May 2021. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated by the random-effects model were used to evaluate the association between maternal factors and CHD risk.

Results

There was a significant association between CHD risk and obesity in pregnancy (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.22–1.37; P < 0.001), smoking in pregnancy (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07–1.25; P < 0.001), maternal diabetes (OR 2.65, 95% CI 2.20–3.19; P < 0.001), and exposure of pregnant women to organic solvents (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.23–2.70; P = 0.003). No correlations were revealed between CHD susceptibility and advanced maternal age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.96–1.12; P = 0.328), underweight (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.96–1.08; P = 0.519), alcohol intake in pregnancy (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.95–1.22; P = 0.251), coffee intake (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.97–1.44; P = 0.105), and exposure to irradiation (OR 1.80, 95% CI 0.85–3.80; P = 0.125).

Discussion

Maternal factors including maternal obesity, smoking in pregnancy, maternal diabetes and exposure to organic solvents might predispose the offspring to CHD risk.
A multicentre observational study of the prevalence, management, and outcomes of subsegmental pulmonary embolism
Authors: Armitage Michael N , Mughal Aishah Z , Huntley Christopher C , Lasserson Daniel , Newnham Michael
Published: November 2022

Background

The incidence of subsegmental pulmonary embolism (SSPE) has increased with improvements in imaging technology. There is clinical equipoise for SSPE treatment, with conflicting evidence of improved mortality or reduced venous thromboembolism recurrence with anticoagulation. SSPE studies have significant heterogeneity and often lack adequately matched disease comparator groups.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence, management, and outcomes of SSPE and compare them to patients with main, lobar, segmental, and no pulmonary embolism (PE).

Patients/Methods

All adult patients undergoing CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) between 2013 and 2019, at 3 UK hospitals were included in the study. CTPA reports were text mined for language relating to PE, and then further manually screened for the presence and anatomical location of PE. Patient groups were propensity matched by age, sex, and year of CTPA prior to analysis. 3-month outcomes of major bleeding, VTE recurrence, and death were recorded.

Results

79 (3.8%) SSPEs were identified from 2,055 diagnoses of PE, and 14,300 CTPA reports. 44 (56%) of SSPEs were single artery emboli, 25 (32%) were multiple unilateral emboli, and 10 (13%) were multiple bilateral emboli. Mortality, VTE recurrence and major bleeding were similar at 3 months across all groups. 87.3% of SSPE imaging reports had an additional radiological diagnosis, with pleural effusion (30%), consolidation (19%), and cardiomegaly (19%) being the most common.

Conclusion

The prevalence of SSPE was 3.8% of all PEs and there were a substantial number of additional radiological findings in the SSPE group that may have accounted for their symptoms.
Construction and demolition waste recycling in developing cities: management and cost analysis
Authors: Ferronato Navarro , Fuentes Sirpa Rocio Clara , Guisbert Lizarazu Edith Gabriela , Conti Fabio , Torretta Vincenzo
Published: November 2022

In Bolivia, construction and demolition waste (CDW) is unmanaged. The current research implemented a CDW flow analysis and a cost assessment in the city of La Paz, aiming to compare future recycling scenarios. Lack of data is challenging; therefore, a review of 31 international studies has been conducted. Results report that the waste generation rate (WGR) of concrete residential buildings can be of about 91.9–113.3 kg m−2 for construction and about 867.2–1064.8 kg m−2 for demolition. In addition, positive correlation was found in national WGR with number of inhabitants and the GDP. By these results, it was estimated that about 271,051–349,418 tonnes of CDW are potentially generated yearly in La Paz, about two times more than the CDW projected by local authorities. By the scenarios analysis, it was estimated that 56.1–71.1% of the inert aggregates can be recycled. The cost of the system is estimated between 7.8 and 31.1 USD tCDW−1, for a total annual cost (20 years horizon) of about 2.3–9 million USD y−1 depending on the management scenario. In the best scenario, an average fee of less than 1% of the current costs of a flat in La Paz can be required, potentially affordable for the local economy. The most attractive scenario involves the source separation of recyclable materials and the hybrid organization of stationary and mobile recycling facilities. Results show that a CDW management can be implemented in La Paz to foster a circular economy in developing cities.
Perfectionism and Exercise Dependence: the Role of Basic Psychological Needs and Introjected Regulation
Authors: Biggs Daniel P. , Mallinson-Howard Sarah H. , Jowett Gareth E. , Hall Howard K.
Published: November 2022

Using a self-determination theory (SDT) framework, the aims of our study were to examine the perfectionism-exercise dependence relationships, and whether basic psychological needs and introjected regulation explained these relationships. Distance runners (n = 260, M age: = 42.41 years; SD: = 11.95 years, n = 144 female) completed measures of multidimensional perfectionism (self-oriented perfectionism (SOP); socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP)), basic psychological need satisfaction and thwarting, introjected regulation, and exercise dependence. Bivariate correlations revealed significant positive SOP-exercise dependence and SPP-exercise dependence relationships. Structural equation modelling suggested that, in combination, perfectionism, basic psychological need satisfaction/thwarting and introjected regulation accounted for large amounts of variance in exercise dependence. Tests of indirect effects showed that the SPP-exercise dependence relationship was mediated by basic psychological need thwarting and introjected regulation. Our findings suggest that while the SOP-exercise dependence relationship is more direct, need thwarting and introjected regulation represent a motivational signature of SPP and exercise dependence.