bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of filter configurations on bipolar EGMs: An optimal filter setting for identifying VT substrates
Authors: Takigawa Masateru , Sacher Frederic , Martin Claire , Cheniti Ghassen , Duchateau Josselin , Pambrun Thomas , Derval Nicolas , Cochet Hubert , Hocini Meleze , Yamamoto Tasuku , Nishimura Takuro , Tao Susumu , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo , Haissaguierre Michel , Jais Pierre
Published: July 2023

Background

The impact of filtering on bipolar electrograms (EGMs) has not been systematically examined. We tried to clarify the optimal filter configuration for ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation.

Methods

Fifteen patients with VT were included. Eight different filter configurations were prospectively created for the distal bipoles of the ablation catheter: 1.0–250, 10–250, 100–250, 30–50, 30–100, 30–250, 30–500, and 30–1000 Hz. Pre‐ablation stable EGMs with good contact (contact force > 10 g) were analyzed. Baseline fluctuation, baseline noise, bipolar peak‐to‐peak voltage, and presence of local abnormal ventricular activity (LAVA) were compared between different filter configurations.

Results

In total, 2276 EGMs with multiple bipolar configurations in 246 sites in scar and border areas were analyzed. Baseline fluctuation was only observed in the high‐pass filter of (HPF) ≤ 10 Hz (p < .001). Noise level was lowest at 30–50 Hz (0.018 [0.012–0.029] mV), increased as the low‐pass filter (LPF) extended, and was highest at 30–1000 Hz (0.047 [0.041–0.061] mV) (p < .001). Conversely, the HPF did not affect the noise level at ≤30 Hz. As the HPF extended to 100 Hz, bipolar voltages significantly decreased (p < .001), but were not affected when the LPF was extended to ≥100 Hz. LAVAs were most frequently detected at 30–250 Hz (207/246; 84.2%) and 30–500 Hz (208/246; 84.6%), followed by 30–1000 Hz (205/246; 83.3%), but frequently missed at LPF ≤ 100 Hz or HPF ≤ 10 Hz (p < .001). A 50‐Hz notch‐filter reduced the bipolar voltage by 43.9% and LAVA‐detection by 34.5% (p < .0001).

Conclusion

Bipolar EGMs are strongly affected by filter settings in scar/border areas. In all, 30–250 or 30–500 Hz may be the best configuration, minimizing the baseline fluctuation, baseline noise, and detecting LAVAs. Not applying the 50‐Hz notch filter may be beneficial to avoid missing VT substrate.
Influence of systemic sclerosis on periodontal health: A case–control study
Authors: Jung Sophie , Gavriiloglou Marianna , Séverac François , Haumesser Lucille , Sayeh Amira , Chatelus Emmanuel , Martin Thierry , Huck Olivier
Published: July 2023

Aim

Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) present various clinical and radiological oral manifestations. However, precise evaluation of the oral features associated with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) and limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the periodontal ligament (PDL) surface in SSc patients in comparison with controls. Assessment of oral‐health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the levels of different biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was performed.

Materials and Methods

SSc patients and matched controls underwent standardized oral examination and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). Levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL‐4) and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) in the GCF were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. PDL surface was measured on CBCT axial views. OHRQoL was quantified using the Mouth Handicap in SSc Scale (MHISS).

Results

Thirty‐nine SSc patients and 39 controls were included. SSc patients exhibited increased PDL surface, higher number of missing teeth as well as elevated IL‐6, MMP‐9 and CXCL‐4 levels. Reduced mouth opening was observed in dcSSc but not in lcSSc patients. MHISS score was higher in dcSSc than in lcSSc patients. Although worse periodontal parameters were found in both subgroups compared with controls, dcSSc patients presented lower gingival inflammation.

Conclusions

SSc is associated with PDL space widening, impaired oral health and OHRQoL.
Epidemiology of mid‐buccal gingival recessions according to the 2018 Classification System in South America: Results from two population‐based studies
Authors: Strauss Franz Josef , Marruganti Crystal , Romandini Mario , Cavalla Franco , Neira Patricio , Jiménez Francisco J. , Jung Ronald E. , Sanz Mariano , Gamonal Aravena Jorge
Published: July 2023

Aim

The aim of this investigation was to estimate the prevalence, severity and extent of mid‐buccal gingival recessions (GRs; classified according to the 2018 Classification System) and to identify their risk indicators in the South American population.

Materials and Methods

Epidemiological data from two cross‐sectional studies—performed on 1070 South American adolescents and 1456 Chilean adults—were obtained. All participants received a full‐mouth periodontal examination by calibrated examiners. GR prevalence was defined as the presence of at least one mid‐buccal GR ≥ 1 mm. GRs were also categorized into different recession types (RTs) according to the 2018 World Workshop Classification System. Analyses for RT risk indicators were also performed. All analyses were carried out at the participant level.

Results

The prevalence of mid‐buccal GRs was 14.1% in South American adolescents and 90.9% in Chilean adults. In South American adolescents, the prevalence of RTs was 4.3% for RT1 GRs, 10.7% for RT2 GRs and 1.7% for RT3 GRs. In Chilean adults, the prevalence of RT1 GRs was 0.3%, while the prevalence of RT2 and RT3 GRs was 85.8% and 77.4%, respectively. Full‐Mouth Bleeding Score (FMBS; <25%) was associated with the presence of RT1 GRs in adolescents. The risk indicators for RT2/RT3 GRs mainly overlapped with those for periodontitis.

Conclusions

Mid‐buccal GRs affected 14.1% of South American adolescents, whereas they affected most of the Chilean adult population (>90%). While RT1 GRs are more commonly observed in a non‐representative cohort of South American adolescents (when compared to Chilean adults), the majority of Chilean adults exhibit RT2/RT3 GRs.
Affection preference, enactment, and relationship satisfaction: A dyadic analysis of love languages
Authors: Coy Anthony E. , Rodriguez Lindsey M.
Published: July 2023

Despite its popularity, The Five Love Languages relationship self‐help book has received little empirical investigation. This may result in a disconnect between clinicians and clients with preconceived notions based on the book. The current research sought to evaluate love languages through the lens of responsiveness by examining if an accurate or biased understanding of partner preferences for different modes of affection were associated with enacted affectionate behavior, the perception of partner behavior, and relationship satisfaction. The results from a sample of 84 couples indicated that individuals tend to have a biased understanding of partner preferences and these biases influenced expressions of affection. In addition, accurately understanding partner preferences was associated with greater relationship satisfaction. The findings suggest that helping clients understand both their own and their partner's preferences for expressions of affection, may reduce bias and lead to more partner‐preferred expressions of affection and, ultimately, greater relationship satisfaction.
Ultrasonic vocalisations during rapid eye movement sleep in the rat
Authors: Squarcio Fabio , Hitrec Timna , Luppi Marco , Martelli Davide , Occhinegro Alessandra , Piscitiello Emiliana , Taddei Ludovico , Tupone Domenico , Amici Roberto , Cerri Matteo
Published: July 2023

Rats are known to use a 22‐kHz ultrasonic vocalisation as a distress call to warn of danger to other members of their group. We monitored 22‐kHz ultrasonic vocalisation emissions in rats (lean and obese) as part of a sleep deprivation study to detect the eventual presence of stress during the procedure. Unexpectedly, we detected ultrasonic vocalisation emission during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but not during non‐REM (NREM) sleep, in all the rats. The event occurs during the expiratory phase and can take place singularly or as a train. No difference was detected in the number or duration of these events in lean versus obese rats, during the light versus the dark period, and after sleep deprivation. As far as we know, this is the first report showing that rats can vocalise during REM sleep.
Tapping lipid droplets: A rich fat diet of intracellular bacterial pathogens
Authors: Hüsler Dario , Stauffer Pia , Hilbi Hubert
Published: July 2023

Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic and versatile organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. LDs consist of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids, a phospholipid monolayer coat, and a variety of associated proteins. LDs are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum and have diverse roles in lipid storage, energy metabolism, membrane trafficking, and cellular signaling. In addition to their physiological cellular functions, LDs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer, and infections. A number of intracellular bacterial pathogens modulate and/or interact with LDs during host cell infection. Members of the genera Mycobacterium, Legionella, Coxiella, Chlamydia, and Salmonella exploit LDs as a source of intracellular nutrients and membrane components to establish their distinct intracellular replicative niches. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis, interactions, and functions of LDs, as well as on their role in lipid metabolism of intracellular bacterial pathogens.
Susceptibility patterns of amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin for isolates causing invasive mould infections from the SENTRY Antifungal Surveillance Program (2018–2021) and application of single‐site epidemiological cutoff values to evaluate amphotericin B activity
Authors: Pfaller Michael A. , Carvalhaes Cecilia G. , Castanheira Mariana
Published: July 2023

We evaluated the activity of amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin against 1468 invasive moulds collected worldwide from 2018 to 2021. Most (>92%) of the Aspergillus spp. isolates were wildtype (WT) to amphotericin B, caspofungin and the azoles. Azole–non‐wildtype A. fumigatus rates were higher in Europe (9.5%) and North America (9.1%) than Latin America (0.0%; only 12 isolates) and the Asia‐Pacific region (5.3%). Amphotericin B and caspofungin were active against azole–non‐wildtype A. fumigatus isolates. Posaconazole and amphotericin B were the most active agents against the Mucorales. Among the less common moulds, several expressed a pan‐azole–resistant phenotype; many of these species also showed elevated MIC values (MIC, >2 mg/L) for amphotericin B and caspofungin. Although most isolates of Aspergillus spp. remain WT to the azoles, azole resistance is increasing in both North America and Europe. Amphotericin B and caspofungin exhibit potentially useful activity against azole‐resistant A. fumigatus.
Better safe than sorry: Exploring the collective sensemaking process in pregnancy virtual communities through thematic analysis
Authors: Wu Wan‐Ru , Lee Li‐Chun , Yu Pei‐Jung
Published: July 2023

Physical symptoms induced by pregnancy are often perceived as a normal part of the physiological process and therefore not commonly discussed in clinical settings during prenatal care. This study aimed to explore how pregnant individuals adapt to physical symptoms related to their pregnancy, using the perspective of collective sensemaking. A retrospective study design with an inductive thematic analysis approach of qualitative data extracted from web‐based forum posts was conducted. Among 574 initial posts and 2801 comments, three themes were identified: (i) awareness of changing pregnancy body, (ii) uncertainty about physical symptoms, and (iii) coping with discomforts associated with pregnancy. A shared identity as a group of individuals dealing with similar challenges enables pregnant individuals to develop a better comprehension of their experiences. Healthcare professionals should recognize the importance of individual and collective sensemaking in pregnancy forums and strive to provide a supportive and empathetic environment for pregnant individuals to share their experiences and seek guidance.
Night‐time warming in the field reduces nocturnal stomatal conductance and grain yield but does not alter daytime physiological responses
Authors: McAusland Lorna , Acevedo‐Siaca Liana G. , Pinto R. Suzuky , Pinto Francisco , Molero Gemma , Garatuza‐Payan Jaime , Reynolds Matthew P. , Murchie Erik H. , Yepez Enrico A.
Published: July 2023

Global nocturnal temperatures are rising more rapidly than daytime temperatures and have a large effect on crop productivity. In particular, stomatal conductance at night (gsn) is surprisingly poorly understood and has not been investigated despite constituting a significant proportion of overall canopy water loss.

Here, we present the results of 3 yr of field data using 12 spring Triticum aestivum genotypes which were grown in NW Mexico and subjected to an artificial increase in night‐time temperatures of 2°C.

Under nocturnal heating, grain yields decreased (1.9% per 1°C) without significant changes in daytime leaf‐level physiological responses. Under warmer nights, there were significant differences in the magnitude and decrease in gsn, values of which were between 9 and 33% of daytime rates while respiration appeared to acclimate to higher temperatures. Decreases in grain yield were genotype‐specific; genotypes categorised as heat tolerant demonstrated some of the greatest declines in yield in response to warmer nights.

We conclude the essential components of nocturnal heat tolerance in wheat are uncoupled from resilience to daytime temperatures, raising fundamental questions for physiological breeding. Furthermore, this study discusses key physiological traits such as pollen viability, root depth and irrigation type may also play a role in genotype‐specific nocturnal heat tolerance.
Neural response to rewards moderates the within‐person association between daily positive events and positive affect during a period of stress exposure
Authors: Renault Héléna , Freeman Clara , Banica Iulia , Sandre Aislinn , Ethridge Paige , Park Juhyun , Weinberg Anna
Published: July 2023

Stress and neural responses to reward can interact to predict psychopathology, but the mechanisms of this interaction are unclear. One possibility is that the strength of neural responses to reward can affect the ability to maintain positive affect during stress. In this study, 105 participants completed a monetary reward task to elicit the reward positivity (RewP), an event‐related potential sensitive to rewards. Subsequently, during a stressful period, participants reported on their affect nine times a day and on daily positive and negative events for 10 days. Even during heightened stress, experiencing more positive events was associated with increased positive affect. The RewP significantly moderated this association: Individuals with a larger RewP reported greater increases in positive affect when they experienced more positive events, relative to individuals with a smaller RewP. A blunted RewP might contribute to stress susceptibility by affecting how much individuals engage in positive emotion regulation during stress.
The effect of policy narratives on policy elite versus public preferences for hydraulic fracturing regulation
Authors: Galloway Ben , Zanocco Chad , Song Geoboo , Jones Michael
Published: July 2023

Central to the growing policy debate surrounding climate change is the role of fossil fuels in the energy sector. Chief among these issues is the role of hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” which has drawn controversy for its negative externalities while also allowing the extraction of a new range of oil and gas reserves. This research applies the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), combined with grid‐group cultural theory (CT), to examine the similarities and differences in the ways in which the general public and policy elites' policy preferences are shaped by culturally nuanced fracking narratives. In doing so, we employ a unique online survey experiment using a sample of the general public (n = 1149) and local policy elites (n = 1110), where our experimental subjects are assigned to one of four groups: a control group which receives a standard list of facts regarding fracking, and three treatment groups, each of which receives an egalitarian, individualist, and hierarch fracking policy narrative, respectively. We utilize causal mediation analysis to comparatively examine effects of these narrative treatments on fracking policy preferences. We find that policy elites and the general public are influenced by narrative elements in different ways, suggesting how a potential gap in policy preferences could form even if the general public and policy elites are exposed to the same policy narratives. This has implications for fracking regulation policy processes as well as other environmental and energy policy domains.
Prosthetic rehabilitation of mucormycosis patients using DMLS fabricated cast partial denture with semi‐precision attachments—A case series
Authors: Rathee Manu , Divakar Santhanam , Jain Prachi , Singh Sandeep , Chahal Sujata
Published: July 2023

Background

The rehabilitation of maxillectomy defects is a challenging endeavour that necessitates customizing the procedure for each patient. The successful treatment for these patients requires a combined conventional and contemporary treatment options. The high‐tech prosthodontic treatment option for these defects and distal extension cases are combining fixed and removable partial dentures with precision/semi‐precision attachments. It will enhance retention, stability, esthetics and functional ability of the prosthesis.

Methods

Three post‐Covid Mucormycosis patients reported after localised debridement and partial maxillectomy for definitive rehabilitation. For partial Maxillectomy patients, DMLS designed cast partial denture along with semi‐precision attachments (Preci‐vertix and OT strategy Rhein For patient with localized defect, DMLS designed cast partial denture was planned. For both patients the defect area was kept as hollow cavity (Closed or Open), in order to reduce the weight of the prosthesis.

Results and Conclusion

The prosthodontic rehabilitation of these patient can be a simple and economical treatment options and it improves the stomatognathic functions and quality of life of the patient. The major hurdles during rehabilitation are retention and stability as there is no basal seat and hard tissue support. Hence, we tried a combined conventional and digital techniques in order to provide prosthesis with precise fit and accuracy as well as reducing the treatment time and visits of the patients.
Demographic predictors of emergency service utilization patterns in youth at risk of suicide
Authors: Bajaj Mira A. , Wilcox Holly C. , Adams Leslie B. , Berman Alan L. , Cwik Mary , Kitchen Christopher , Miller Leslie , Nestadt Paul S. , Slade Eric P. , Haroz Emily E.
Published: July 2023

Objective

To explore demographic predictors of Emergency Department (ED) utilization among youth with a history of suicidality (i.e., ideation or behaviors).

Methods

Electronic health records were extracted from 2017 to 2021 for 3094 8–22 year‐old patients with a history of suicidality at an urban academic medical center ED in the Mid‐Atlantic. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess for demographic predictors of ED utilization frequency, timing of subsequent visits, and reasons for subsequent visits over a 24‐month follow‐up period.

Results

Black race (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.11–1.92), Female sex (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.26–2.03), and having Medicaid insurance (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.37–2.14) were associated with increased utilization, while being under 18 was associated with lower utilization (<12: OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.26–0.56; 12–18: OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.35–0.63). These demographics were also associated with ED readmission within 90 days, while being under 18 was associated with a lower odds of readmission.

Conclusions

Among patients with a history of suicidality, those who identify as Black, young adults, patients with Medicaid, and female patients were more likely to be frequent utilizers of the ED within the 2 years following their initial visit. This pattern may suggest inadequate health care access for these groups, and a need to develop better care coordination with an intersectional focus to facilitate utilization of other health services.
Insights on physical behavior while working from home: An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Sers Svenja , Timm Irina , de Vries Elisabeth A. , Wäsche Hagen , Woll Alexander , Bender Oliver , Giurgiu Marco
Published: July 2023

Ever since the COVID‐19 pandemic, working from home (WFH) has emerged as a common alternative work environment, but the possible influence on daily physical behavior (PB) (i.e., physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB)) remains unclear. This study aimed to examine daily associations between PB and the work environment (i.e., WFH, working at the office (WAO)), as well as to explore and identify patterns of PB within each work environment.

An observational study using a dual‐accelerometer system to continuously assess PB for at least 5 days was conducted. The sample consisted of 55 participants providing 276 days of assessment. Additional demographic, contextual, and psychological variables were measured via baseline questionnaire and several smartphone prompts per day. To analyze the effects of the work environment on PB, multilevel analyses were conducted. For the identification of patterns within each work environment, latent class trajectory modelling was applied.

Associations between the work environment and various PA parameters were found, indicating that WFH has a negative effect on MVPA time, steps, and physical activity intensity (MET), but a positive effect on short PA bouts (≤5 min). No associations between the work environment and any SB parameter (i.e., SB time, SB breaks, SB bouts) were found. Latent class trajectory modelling revealed three MVPA patterns for days WFH, and two patterns for days WAO.

Given the growing prevalence of WFH and the positive health effects associated with MVPA, daily‐tailored solutions to enhance MPVA while WFH are urgently needed.
Examining the perspectives of practitioners toward a geospatial technology competency model
Authors: Jackson Rodney D. , Kerski Joseph
Published: July 2023

This study is intended to provide insight into geospatial practitioners' viewpoints toward the US Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (DOLETA) Geospatial Technology Competency Model (GTCM). These viewpoints are significant since business professionals use workplace competencies for job analysis, professional certification, and defining workforce requirements. The research sought to determine the views held toward a set of geospatial competencies and provide the field with an understanding of how practitioners perceive these competency statements. Sixty‐one participants sorted 42 cards (with geospatial competency statements) on a scale of −5 to 5 and completed two short surveys with demographic and open‐ended questions. The data were evaluated using factor analysis, descriptive statistics, and a combination of high, low, and distinguishing statements to provide meaning to the viewpoints.
Tax effects on foreign direct investment—Just a rerouting
Authors: Erokhin Dmitry
Published: July 2023

This paper investigates tax‐related determinants of indirect foreign direct investment (FDI). In particular, it studies the effects of bilateral effective average tax rates, the strength of anti‐tax avoidance rules in host countries and tax haven status of home countries on the volume of indirect FDI host countries receive. The paper uses the fourth edition of the OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment (BMD4) database, which distinguishes between ultimate and immediate FDI. Methodologically, the paper relies on the standard gravity equation for FDI and applies the Poisson pseudo‐maximum likelihood estimation model. The paper shows that ultimate FDI is not influenced by tax‐related factors but only real economic determinants, whereas tax rates affect immediate FDI. This finding suggests that previous research may have overestimated the tax elasticity of FDI, and taxes do not have an impact on location decisions of FDI, but rather the route of investing—direct or indirect. The paper defines indirect FDI as the difference between ultimate and immediate FDI and finds that high bilateral effective average tax rates encourage indirect FDI. The finding is robust under different specifications.
A Quick Start Approach of Enterprise Architecture Implementation in the Investment Industry Sector
Authors: Amna sakinah  , Abu Bakar Nur Azaliah , Hussien Surya Sumarni
Published: July 2023

Investment companies need to keep up with emerging technologies if they want to remain competitive.  If this pattern persists, the investment industry could lose many customers.  Several reports stress the importance of rethinking the business model of the investing industry in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.  Enterprise architecture is the way to go when controlling an organisation's information technology systems' structure, behaviour, and interconnections.  Organisational activities and data flows can be better managed with the help of enterprise architecture.  This study aims to help readers comprehend the investing business by delving into its fundamental ideas, advantages, disadvantages, and potential application settings.  Enterprise architecture is how a business should run and how many components should collaborate.  An all-encompassing architectural framework addressing enterprise IT, application software, and infrastructure are included in this analysis.  The proposed design is aimed to facilitate the investment firm's incorporation of state-of-the-art technologies.
Enterprise Architecture: Enabling Digital Transformation for Healthcare Organization
Authors: Mohd Rahimi Nur Izwani , Mat Yatya Syukriah , Abu Bakar Nur Azaliah
Published: July 2023

This paper examines the role of Enterprise Architecture (EA) in facilitating digital transformation for healthcare organisations, considering the expanding demand for a comprehensive blueprint to leverage information technology in achieving long-term strategic goals.  Through a review of pertinent EA literature, this study investigates the applicability of EA and the Architecture Development Method (ADM) from TOGAF in healthcare.  The article emphasises the benefits of employing TOGAF ADM as a proven EA methodology, which provides a systematic and precise step-by-step process for capturing an organisation's current and future states and identifying gaps between them.  By adopting TOGAF ADM, healthcare organisations can employ decision-making and management analytic tools to expedite digital transformation.  The primary objective is to develop a robust EA framework that facilitates the seamless transition from the existing baseline architecture to the desired target architecture while also addressing any identified voids.  In addition, TOGAF ADM plays a crucial role in identifying areas where governance mechanisms may be absent, thereby enhancing alignment with system requirements, objectives, and stakeholder engagement.  This research ultimately demonstrates the significance of Enterprise Architecture in facilitating digital transformation within the healthcare industry.  By implementing TOGAF ADM, healthcare organisations can utilise EA to improve their operational efficiency, strategic decision-making, and overall performance.  The study illuminates the critical role of enterprise architecture (EA) in designing and developing an effective healthcare architecture, enabling organisations to navigate the complexities of the digital landscape and leverage technology to meet their evolving requirements and aspirations.
Ablation of KIF2C in Purkinje cells impairs metabotropic glutamate receptor trafficking and motor coordination in male mice
Authors: Zheng Rui , Xu Fang‐Xiao , Zhou Lin , Xu Junyu , Shen Ying , Hao Ke , Wang Xin‐Tai , Deng Junjie
Published: July 2023

Kinesin family member 2C (KIF2C)/mitotic centromere‐associated kinesin (MCAK), is thought to be oncogenic as it is involved in tumour progression and metastasis. Moreover, it also plays a part in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease and psychiatric disorders such as suicidal schizophrenia. Our previous study conducted on mice demonstrated that KIF2C is widely distributed in various regions of the brain, and is localized in synaptic spines. Additionally, it regulates microtubule dynamic properties through its own microtubule depolymerization activity, thereby affecting AMPA receptor transport and cognitive behaviour in mice. In this study, we show that KIF2C regulates the transport of mGlu1 receptors in Purkinje cells by binding to Rab8. KIF2C deficiency in Purkinje cells results in abnormal gait, reduced balance ability and motor incoordination in male mice. These data suggest that KIF2C is essential for maintaining normal transport and synaptic function of mGlu1 and motor coordination in mice.

image

Key points

KIF2C is localized in synaptic spines of hippocampus neurons, and regulates excitatory transmission, synaptic plasticity and cognitive behaviour.

KIF2C is extensively expressed in the cerebellum, and we investigated its functions in development and synaptic transmission of cerebellar Purkinje cells.

KIF2C deficiency in Purkinje cells alters the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1) and the AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit at Purkinje cell synapses, and changes excitatory synaptic transmission, but not inhibitory transmission.

KIF2C regulates the transport of mGlu1 receptors in Purkinje cells by binding to Rab8. KIF2C deficiency in Purkinje cells affects motor coordination, but not social behaviour in male mice.
Circadian patterns of heart rate variability in fetal sheep after hypoxia‐ischaemia: A biomarker of evolving brain injury
Authors: Lear Christopher A. , Maeda Yoshiki , King Victoria J. , Dhillon Simerdeep K. , Beacom Michael J. , Gunning Mark I. , Lear Benjamin A. , Davidson Joanne O. , Stone Peter R. , Ikeda Tomoaki , Gunn Alistair J. , Bennet Laura
Published: July 2023

Hypoxia‐ischaemia (HI) before birth is a key risk factor for stillbirth and severe neurodevelopmental disability in survivors, including cerebral palsy, although there are no reliable biomarkers to detect at risk fetuses that may have suffered a transient period of severe HI. We investigated time and frequency domain measures of fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) for 3 weeks after HI in preterm fetal sheep at 0.7 gestation (equivalent to preterm humans) until 0.8 gestation (equivalent to term humans). We have previously shown that this is associated with delayed development of severe white and grey matter injury, including cystic white matter injury (WMI) resembling that observed in human preterm infants. HI was associated with suppression of time and frequency domain measures of FHRV and reduced their circadian rhythmicity during the first 3 days of recovery. By contrast, circadian rhythms of multiple measures of FHRV were exaggerated over the final 2 weeks of recovery, mediated by a greater reduction in FHRV during the morning nadir, but no change in the evening peak. These data suggest that the time of day at which FHRV measurements are taken affects their diagnostic utility. We further propose that circadian changes in FHRV may be a low‐cost, easily applied biomarker of antenatal HI and evolving brain injury.

image

Key points

Hypoxia‐ischaemia (HI) before birth is a key risk factor for stillbirth and probably for disability in survivors, although there are no reliable biomarkers for antenatal brain injury.

In preterm fetal sheep, acute HI that is known to lead to delayed development of severe white and grey matter injury over 3 weeks, was associated with early suppression of multiple time and frequency domain measures of fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) and loss of their circadian rhythms during the first 3 days after HI.

Over the final 2 weeks of recovery after HI, exaggerated circadian rhythms of frequency domain FHRV measures were observed. The morning nadirs were lower with no change in the evening peak of FHRV.

Circadian changes in FHRV may be a low‐cost, easily applied biomarker of antenatal HI and evolving brain injury.
Cyclic Variability Analysis of an Engine Fueled With Gasoline/Natural Gas Using Return Maps and Symbol Sequences
Authors: Singotia Pawan Kumar , Saraswati Samir
Published: July 2023

The present work investigates the cyclic variability of a single-cylinder spark ignition engine fueled with gasoline/natural gas. Return maps and symbol sequence analysis are used to analyze the cycle dynamics at different engine loads and mixture strength. Cycle dynamics is found to be stochastic in nature at high engine loads with low cyclic variability. The frequency of deterministic patterns with close coupling between consecutive cycles is found to be high at low loads with high cyclic variability. In comparison to gasoline, the deterministic effects are found to be more predominant for natural gas fueled engine. The paper also demonstrates that the identification of deterministic patterns and omitting them through an efficient engine management system brings the engine to a stable state from unstable state. The research provides an estimate of how much better engine performance could be achieved with the knowledge of determinism in the system and the subsequent application of this knowledge for efficient engine control.
Unbalance Bearing Fault Identification Using Highly Accurate Hilbert–Huang Transform Approach
Authors: Salunkhe Vishal G. , Khot S. M. , Desavale R. G. , Yelve Nitesh P.
Published: July 2023

The dynamic characteristics of rolling element bearings are strongly related to their geometric and operating parameters, most importantly the bearing unbalance. Modern condition monitoring necessitates the use of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) to diagnose unbalance bearing failure. This paper presents a Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) method to diagnose the unbalanced rolling bearing faults of rotating machinery. To initially reduce the noise levels with slight signal distortion, the noises of the sample in normal and unbalanced fault states are measured and denoised using the wavelet threshold approach. The complex vibration signatures are decomposed into finite IMFs with ensemble empirical mode decomposition technique. Fast Fourier techniques are employed to extract the vibration responses of bearings that are artificially damaged using electrochemical machining on a newly established test setup for rotor disc bearings. The similarities between the information-contained marginal Hilbert spectra can be used to diagnose rotating machinery bearing faults. The data marginal Hilbert spectra of Mahalanobis and cosine index are compared to determine the fault indicator index’s similarity score. The HHT model’s simplicity enhanced the precision of diagnosis correlated to the results of the experiments with weak fault characteristic signals. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated with several theoretical models from the literature. The HHT approach is experimentally proven with unbalance diagnosis and capable of classifying marginal Hilbert spectra distribution. Because of its superior time-frequency characteristics and pattern identification of marginal Hilbert spectra and fault indicator indices, the newly stated HHT can process nonlinear, non-stationary, and even transient signals. The findings demonstrate that the suggested method is superior in terms of unbalance fault identification accuracy for monitoring the dynamic stability of industrial rotating machinery.
Large Deflection Effects on the Energy Release Rate and Mode Partitioning of the Single Cantilever Beam Sandwich Debond Configuration
Authors: Okegbu Daniel O. , Kardomateas George A.
Published: July 2023

This paper investigates the effects of large deflections on the energy release rate and mode partitioning of face/core debonds for the single cantilever beam sandwich composite testing configuration, which is loaded with an applied shear force and/or a bending moment. Studies in this topic have been done by employing geometrically linear theories (either Euler–Bernoulli or Timoshenko beam theory). This assumes that the deflection at the tip of the loaded debonded part is small, which is not always the case. To address this effect, we employ the elastica theory, which is a nonlinear theory, for the debonded part. An elastic foundation analysis and the linear Euler Bernoulli theory are employed for the “joined” section where a series of springs exists between the face and the substrate (core and bottom face). A closed form expression for the energy release rate is derived by the use of J-integral. Another closed-form expression for the energy release rate is derived from the energy released by a differential spring as the debond propagates. Furthermore, a mode partitioning angle is defined based on the displacement field solution. Results for a range of core materials are in very good agreement with the corresponding ones from a finite element analysis. The results show that large deflection effects reduce the energy release rate but do not have a noteworthy effect on the mode partitioning. A small deflection assumption can significantly overestimate the energy release rate for relatively large applied loads and/or relatively long debonds.
Adaptive Mobile Robot Scheduling in Multiproduct Flexible Manufacturing Systems Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Waseem Muhammad , Chang Qing
Published: July 2023

The integration of mobile robots in material handling in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) is made possible by the recent advancements in Industry 4.0 and industrial artificial intelligence. However, effectively scheduling these robots in real-time remains a challenge due to the constantly changing, complex, and uncertain nature of the shop floor environment. Therefore, this paper studies the robot scheduling problem for a multiproduct FMS using a mobile robot for loading/unloading parts among machines and buffers. The problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process, and the Q-learning algorithm is used to find an optimal policy for the robot's movements in handling different product types. The performance of the system is evaluated using a reward function based on permanent production loss and the cost of demand dissatisfaction. The proposed approach is validated through a numerical case study that compares the proposed policy to a similar policy with different reward function and the first-come-first-served policy, showing a significant improvement in production throughput of approximately 23%.
Characterization of Ultrasonically Assisted Orthogonal Cutting of Bone Using Digital Image Correlation Analysis
Authors: Bai Wei , Zhai Yuhao , Zhao Jiaqi , Jia Xuzhe , Han Guangchao , Shu Liming , Wang Dong , Xu Jianfeng
Published: July 2023

Bone cutting with high performance material removal is critical for enhancing orthopedic surgery. Ultrasonically assisted cutting (UAC) is an advanced process with the potential to improve the material removal. However, strain and other intermediate variables in bone cutting are difficult to obtain because of the lack of suitable measurement methods, especially for high-frequency vibration-assisted cutting. In this study, digital image correlation (DIC) analysis was applied for the first time to investigate the full-field strain map and the mechanism of crack development during conventional cutting (CC) and ultrasonically assisted cutting of cortical bone. A novel method for calculating cutting and thrust forces under the mixed fracture mode of bone was also proposed. Extensive experimental results showed that the average strain and strain rate of cortical bone decreased after the application of UAC, but the maximum transient strain rate in UAC was greater than that in CC, and the crack-affected area and shear band width in UAC were smaller than those in CC. In addition, the strain parameters obtained by the DIC analysis were used to calculate the cutting and thrust forces in the hybrid fracture mode. The calculated values of forces matched well (over 90%) with the measured results, indicating the strong feasibility of DIC applications in orthogonal bone cutting research. This study has significant theoretical and practical value since it reveals the fracture mechanism of cortical bone in UAC, demonstrates a non-contact full-field measurement method for tissue strain calculation, and provides inspiration for optimizing the design of innovative orthopedic instruments.
Mechanically Prestressed Pneumatically Driven Bistable Soft Actuators
Authors: Zhou Yitong , Xu Zefeng
Published: July 2023

Bistable soft robots are gaining momentum for their fast speed. This study presents a novel asymmetric mechanically prestressed, pneumatically driven, bistable laminated soft actuator. Its two orthogonal stable shapes are created by prestretching two orthogonal elastomer matrix composites before bonding them to a thin core layer. Two fluidic layers with fluid channels are bonded on either side of the core layer to actuate and trigger the snap-through process of the actuator. An analytical model is proposed as follows: the actuator net energy is calculated based on polynomials with unknown coefficients, and the stable shapes of the actuator are computed as a result of pneumatic pressure and external loads with the Rayleigh–Ritz method. Bistable actuators are fabricated with different prestrains, and motion capture and tensile loading experiments are conducted for model validation. A gripper is fabricated with two bistable actuators and demonstrated to grasp a variety of objects. Sensitivity studies are performed to identify the actuator response as a function of a variety of design parameters.
Surgical Microgrippers: A Survey and Analysis
Authors: Pasaguayo Liseth V. , Al Masry Zeina , Lescano Sergio , Zerhouni Noureddine
Published: July 2023

This review article provides an overview of some challenges that arise when developing new medical robotic microgrippers. The main challenges are due to miniaturization and are present in the manufacturing and assembly processes, the types of mechanisms, the biomaterials used, the actuation principles, and the compliance with some standards and regulations. The main medical fields where these microgrippers are used are in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and biomedical applications. Therefore, taking these two large groups into account, this review presents a microgrippers classification according to the type of mechanism used (traditional rigid-body mechanisms and complaint mechanisms). Moreover, parameters such as applications, functionalities, degrees-of-freedom (DOF), sizes, range of motion, biomaterial used, and proposed methods are highlighted. The analysis of 27 microgrippers among commercial and developed by research institutes is presented.
Investigation of Constraint Effect and Fracture Mode for Mixed Mode Inclination Surface Crack in Infinite Plate Under Compression
Authors: Pei Qi , Jin Li-Zhu , Zhou Chang-Yu , He Xiao-Hua
Published: July 2023

The stress field, constraint effect, and fracture mode transition at crack tip of mixed mode I-II-III inclination surface crack under compression have been investigated. The effects of geometrical configurations (relative crack depth and aspect ratio), friction coefficient, and biaxial scale factor on stress intensity factor (KII and KIII) and in-plane constraint parameter T-stress are quantitatively studied, the stress field at different crack inclination angles under tension and compression are compared, the failure mode at special locations along crack front of inclination surface crack is analyzed according to the generalized maximum tangential stress criterion (GMTS). The relative crack depth has slight effect on stress intensity factor and T-stress, and aspect ratio has a significant effect on stress intensity factor and T-stress. The friction coefficient decreases the magnitude of stress intensity factor and increases the magnitude of T-stress, the greater the crack inclination angle is, the more pronounced the effect is when crack inclination angle greater than 30 deg. The stress distribution around crack tip under tension and compression is completely different. At free surface, the crack will failure in-plane shear mode II sliding crack, and at the deepest part of crack, the crack will start as out-plane shear mode III tearing crack under compression.
Using Code Adequacy Methodologies in Confomance with ASME Standards for Nuclear Power Plant Analysis Evaluation Models
Authors: Schultz Richard R. , Mesina George L.
Published: July 2023

The development of the systems analysis codes in use today was a very challenging task, stemming from the interplay of multiple physical phenomena, special components and control systems, and particularly the wide thermodynamic state envelope for a typical design basis accident scenario that includes single and two-phase behavior of the water working fluid within both the reactor vessel and the steam generator for the indirect cycle pressurized water reactor systems and also for the direct cycle boiling water reactor systems. The major developmental work leading to the current systems analysis codes was performed between the 1970s through the 1990s—and today these analysis tools are used throughout the world by organizations that design, submit their designs for licensing reviews, build, and operate light water reactor nuclear power plants.

Differences in form of the discretized equations and closure relationships used within the systems analysis codes versus those in higher-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes lead to correspondingly different techniques to verify and validate (V&V) the equations in these two classes of codes. Systems analysis codes use a fundamental approach which has been developed over the years and which has been approved by the regulatory agencies whereas the CFD codes use high-fidelity V&V techniques as described in the ASME V&V standards for computational fluid mechanics and heat transfer codes.

Because of the wide usage of high-fidelity CFD codes together with systems analysis codes, it is advisable to normalize the techniques for verifying, validating, and performing code adequacy assessments of these tools within the methodology that is presently available in the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Regulatory Guide 1.203.

A strategy to begin closing the gap between the fundamental approach used to V&V systems analysis codes and the high-fidelity techniques used for modern CFD codes is outlined. It is postulated that the gap can be closed to the extent that some of the “high-fidelity” techniques may be used for systems analysis codes and thus enhance the quality of the code adequacy determination process for systems analysis codes.