bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family values in the “Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felecitata”
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Kargaltsev Alexey V.
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the analysis of family attachments in “The passion of Perpetua and Felicity” and examines the conflict between the values of the Roman family and the Christian faith, which is traditional for the Christian worldview. This problem is reflected in many hagiographic monuments of the Early Church, however, in “The passion of Perpetua and Felicity” all facets of the value conflict are reflected: the martyr acts as a wife, mother, daughter and sister. Contrary to the persistent notion that Christian heroes break with their attachments in favor of faith, the article shows that in reality we are talking about a very complex relationships, the center of which is the Christian idea of love for relatives. The heroine uses her martyrdom as a form of preaching, which should convince family members to join the church and even save those of them who have already died from posthumous torment. The monument indicates that such a mission can be quite successful, and even those of the relatives who had initially opposed the heroine and urged her to save her life through renunciation of faith experienced a moral rebirth. Thus, the goals and objectives of hagiographic literature can be understood not only in the light of comforting church members in the face of persecution, but also as a kind of manifesto of family values for an external audience.
Utilizing Plant Phytoconstituents in Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis for Cancer Therapies
Authors: Dubey Swati , Virmani Tarun , Yadav Shiv Kumar , Kumar Girish , Sharma Ashwani , Gugulothu Dalapathi
Published: January 2025

Background:

The metal oxide nanoparticles possess unique properties such as biological compatibility,
superior reactivity, and capacity to develop reactive oxygen species, due to this they have drawn significant
interest in cancer treatment. The various MONPs such as cerium oxide, Copper oxide, Iron oxide, Titanium
dioxide, and Zinc oxide have been investigated for several types of cancers including brain, breast, cervical,
colon, leukemia, liver, lung, melanoma, ovarian, and prostate cancers. However, traditional physiochemical
synthetic methods for MONPs commonly include toxic materials, a major concern that raises questions regarding
their biocompatibility and safety.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the role of plant phytoconstituents in the development of MONPs via
green synthesis and explore the therapeutic effectiveness of MONPs in treating several types of cancer. Primarily,
it examines the potential of plant phytoconstituents (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids,
etc.) in the development of MONPs as well as their improved ability to target numerous types of cancer.

Methods:

A systemic search was conducted on recent literature, focusing on developing green MONPs by utilizing
plants' phytoconstituents (plant extracts). The study of plant phytochemicals (present in different parts of
a plant such as leaves, flowers, stems, peels, and roots) and their role in the synthesis of green metal oxide
nanoparticles as well as their anticancer activity against several types of cancers was analyzed. Also focusing
on their anticancer mechanism that involves ROS production, generates oxidative stress, and apoptosis leads
to cancer inhibition.

Results:

Phytochemicals-mediated metal oxide nanoparticle synthesis revealed many advantages such as improved
biological compatibility and enhanced sensitivity towards cancer cells. Phytochemicals present in plant
extracts act as natural capping, reducing, and stabilizing agents, enhancing nanoparticle synthesis which leads
to synergistic anticancer activity. Additionally, the natural antioxidant and anticancer activity of various phytochemicals
enhances the therapeutic potential of metal oxide nanoparticles, producing them more effective
against ROS-generated apoptosis and showing negligible toxicity towards normal cells.

Conclusion:

The utilization of plant phytochemicals in metal oxide nanoparticle production presents a safe,
eco-friendly, sustainable, and effective approach to developing effective and safer cancer nanomedicines.
Green synthesis not only increases anticancer activity but also decreases the biocompatibility problems associated
with the physiochemical synthetic approach. Further research needs to concentrate on improving this synergy
to create a targeted phytochemical-based metal oxide nanoparticle for cancer therapeutics.
Recent Achievements in the Synthesis of Carbazole Derivatives
Authors: Dung Vo Cong , Thi Chung Nguyen , Xuan Duc Dau
Published: January 2025

Carbazole derivatives possess tricyclic structure consisting of two benzene rings
fused on both sides with the central pyrrole ring. These compounds diversely appear both in
natural and synthetic sources. Carbazole-based compounds have a wide range of bioactivities
such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiparasitic, antihypertensive, antineuropathic, and
anti-inflammatory activities. Some carbazole derivatives have been employed as drugs in
the market. The synthesis of carbazole derivatives has attracted intensive interest from
chemists and a huge number of studies on the synthesis of carbazole-based compounds
have been published over the years. In this article, we will give a comprehensive review of
studies on the synthesis of carbazoles, which date back to 2012. One hundred twenty-six
studies on the synthesis of carbazoles are summarized. A huge number of novel methods
have been developed to improve efficiency or employ environmentally benign procedures. In most cases, reaction
mechanisms were included. The review article might be useful for chemists who work in the synthesis of
heterocycles or drug chemistry.
Therapeutic Bioactivities and Chemical Composition Analysis of Rhizome Oleoresin of Hedychium coronarium Collected from Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Arya Sushila , Kumar Ravendra , Prakash Om , Latwal Mamta , Pandey Ganesh , Kumar Satya , Srivastava R.M , Mali Suraj N.
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Hedychium coronarium J. König, from the Zingiberaceae family, is a
rhizomatous herb used in Ayurvedic medicine for its febrifuge, anti-rheumatic, and anthelmintic
properties.

Method:

This study characterizes the chemical diversity and biological activities of H. coronarium
oleoresins collected from four locations in Uttarakhand: Pantnagar (HCPNOR), Bageshwar
(HCBOR), Nainital (HCNOR) and Pithoragarh (HCPOR). GC-MS analysis identified key constituents,
including n-Hexadecanoic acid (8.3-9.8%), photocitral B (4.8- 27.6%), (Z)-9-
eicosenoic acid (0.7-6.5%), α-pinene (2.5-3.5%) and trans-13-octadecenoic acid (7.5%). Heat
map clustering, Venn diagrams, and PCA revealed compositional variations.

Result:

The oleoresins showed potent nematicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal, and antifungal activities
against Meloidogyne incognita, Spodoptera litura, Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus,
Fusarium oxysporum, and Curvularia lunata.

Conclusion:

These findings highlight the potential of H. coronarium oleoresins for pest and
pathogen management, with chemical variation driven by environmental factors.
Exploration of the Mechanism of Tanre Qing Injection in Treating Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome through Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Animal Experiments
Authors: Wang Liang , Lu Ganqun , Cheng Tianyu , Wen Shuangquan , Ma Wenxiang , Li Yixuan
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the active components and potential mechanism
of Tanre Qing Injection (TRQI) in the treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
(ARDS) using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments.

Methods:

The targets of active ingredients were identified using the TCMSP and Swiss Target
Prediction databases. The targets associated with ARDS were obtained from the GeneCards database,
Mala card database, and Open Targets Platform. A Protein-protein Interaction network
(PPI) was constructed, and the core targets were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) function annotation
and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis.
Finally, molecular docking technology and a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced
acute lung injury validated the experimental results.

Results:

The results of network pharmacology showed the active components of TRQI in the
treatment of ARDS to be baicalin, chenodeoxycholic acid, oroxylin-A, and ursodeoxycholic acid,
and the core targets to be TP53, ESR1, AKT1, JUN, and SRC. KEGG analysis showed 181
signaling pathways, primarily including the IL-17 signaling pathway, endocrine resistance, lipid
metabolism, and atherosclerosis. Molecular docking results demonstrated that baicalin, chenodeoxycholic
acid, oroxylin-A, and ursodeoxycholic acid in TRQI exhibited the strongest affinity
for TP53, ESR1, and SRC. Furthermore, the results of animal experiments have indicated
TRQI to have a significant inhibitory effect on inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6,
and effectively alleviate the pathological damage of ARDS to lung tissue.

Conclusion:

TRQI may exert its therapeutic effects on ARDS through multiple targets and
pathways, providing a research basis for its clinical application and further development.
Establishment of a Prognostic Necroptosis-Related lncRNA Signature in
Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Meng , Qiao Wen-lan , Hua Tian
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Ovarian Cancer (OC) was known for its high mortality rate among gynecological
malignancies, often resulting in a poor prognosis. This study sought to identify
prognostic necroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) (NRlncRNAs) with prognostic
potential and to construct a reliable risk prediction model for OC patients.

Method:

The transcriptome and clinic data were sourced from TCGA and GTEx databases. Initially,
NRlncRNAs were discovered by assessing gene correlations and evaluating differences in
gene expression. Subsequently, Cox regression and LASSO methods were employed to develop
the NRlncRNAs risk model, which was further validated through survival analysis, ROC curves,
Cox regression, and nomograms across both the test and entire datasets.

Results:

Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the risk score based on 14 NRlncRNAs can independently
predict the prognosis of OC. The low-risk group demonstrated significantly higher
immune cell infiltration scores and lower tumor immune dysfunction, exclusion, and TIDE
scores, as well as an increased number of neoantigens and higher TMB. Notably, the low-risk
group also exhibited an elevated HRD score.

Conclusion:

The model’s predictive accuracy was further substantiated through ROC analysis,
showing superior performance compared to many existing models.Finally, the expression levels
of 14 NRlncRNAs were confirmed using the qRT-PCR in two OC cell lines. These findings suggested
that the NRlncRNAs risk model could serve as a more precise indicator for forecasting
immune response and outcomes of targeted treatments in OC.

result:

The results of multivariate Cox analysis indicated that the risk score calculated by 14 NRlncRNAs could serve as an independent prognostic factor in OC. The low-risk group owned higher scores of the immune cells infiltrations, which also tended to exhibit a lower tumor immune dysfunction, exclusion, and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, respectively, a higher neoantigen number, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) level. Notably, a higher homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score was also observed in the low-risk group. The ROC analysis showed the well-predictive power of the model. Paramountly, our model performance exceeded many previously published models. Finally, the expressions of 14 NRlncRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in two OC cell lines
A Novel Prognostic Risk Model Based on Oxidative Stress to Predict Survival and Improve Treatment Strategies in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yao Nuo , Lin Kexin , Qu Xiaodong , Li Xuezhi , Zhao Xingyu , Li Songbo , Zhang Jie , Shi Yongquan
Published: January 2025

Background:

Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is the fifth most common tumor
worldwide, imposing a significant disease burden on populations, particularly in Asia. Oxidative
stress is well-known to play an essential role in the occurrence and progression of malignancies.
Our study aimed to construct a prediction model by exploring the correlation between oxidative
stress-related genes and the prognosis of patients with STAD.

Method:

STAD data from TCGA were used to identify the differentially expressed oxidative
stress-related genes (OSGs), with data from GEO serving as the validation cohort. Univariate
Cox and LASSO regression analyses were performed to select prognosis-related genes for the
risk model, which was then integrated with clinical features into a nomogram. The physiological
functions and pathways of these identified genes were explored using GO and KEGG analyses.
After evaluating the prediction value of the prognostic model in the GEO cohort, drug sensitivity
and immune infiltration were comprehensively analyzed using R. Expression levels of the prognostic
genes were verified by quantitative real-time PCR in gastric cancer and paired normal tissues.

Results:

Cox regression and LASSO regression analysis identified SERPINE1, VHL, CD36,
NOS3, ANXA5, ADCYAP1, POLRMT and GPX3 as the signature genes from 160 differentially
expressed OSGs. Both Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and ROC curve at 5 years in the TCGA
and the GEO cohort exhibited great predictive ability of the prognostic model, with the
AUC >0.7 in TCGA. Validated as an independent risk factor, the model was integrated with
clinicopathological variables (including age, stage, and gender) to build a nomogram for more
accurate risk stratification. Moreover, therapy sensitivity analysis between the low- and high-risk
categories showed that those who scored higher would benefit more from BEZ235, Dasatinib,
Pazopanib, and Saracatinib. Meanwhile, differences in the tumor environment, immune infiltration
and response to immunotherapy between the two groups were noted. Finally, qRT-PCR validated
the differential expression of these genes in STAD and paired normal tissues.

Conclusion:

Our study has effectively established an oxidative stress-related prognostic model,
providing a promising tool for personalized clinical strategies and improved STAD patient outcomes.
Biomimetic Fe3O4 Nanozymes Promote Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cell Lines via Free Radical Scavenging and Inhibition of RelA/p65
Authors: Mundekkad Deepa , Cho William C.
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Iron oxide nanozyme was synthesized from the fruit peel extract of
pomegranate, which served as a reducing agent during the green synthesis. The scavenging of
reactive oxygen species is often accompanied by immunomodulation following antiproliferative
effects due to the crosstalk between the proteins involved in the inter-related signaling pathways.

Method:

In the current study, the green synthesized nanozyme was studied for its ability to induce
apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. The free radical scavenging effect of the nanozyme
was reflected as an extension of its intrinsic endogenous enzyme-mimicking property.

objective:

The work was initiated with a two-fold objective. The first one is to assess the antiproliferative potential of the previously synthesized nanoparticles which directly addresses the core question of whether the newly synthesized nanoparticles can inhibit the growth of cancer cells under study. The second objective was to investigate the mechanism underlying the antiproliferative activity which delves deeper into the various mechanisms like radical scavenging and cell cycle inhibition as the mechanism repsonsible for antiproliferative activity of the nanoparticles.

Result & Discussion:

The cell cycle analysis revealed that the cell death induced by nanozyme
mainly affected the G0/G1 phase. The expression of RelA/p65 and the inflammatory mediators
affected by the nanozyme established the role of the Fe3O4 nanozyme in immunomodulation
along with its antiproliferative activity.

Conclusion:

This is the first report on the antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities
expressed by the biomimetic iron oxide nanozyme.
New Insights into the Modifications and Bioactivities of Indole-3- Carboxaldehyde and its Derivatives as a Potential Scaffold for Drug Design: A Mini-Review
Authors: Mukhtar Nuhu Abdullahi , Suleiman Mustapha , Al-Maqtari Helmi Mohammed , Theva Das Kumitaa , Bhat Ajmal R. , Jamalis Joazaizulfazli
Published: January 2025

Indole, a ubiquitous structural motif in bioactive compounds, has played a pivotal role in
drug discovery. Among indole derivatives, indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3A) has emerged as a particularly
promising scaffold for the development of therapeutic agents. This review delves into the recent
advancements in the chemical modification of I3A and its derivatives, highlighting their potential
applications in various therapeutic areas. I3A derivatives have demonstrated a wide range of
biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmanial, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, antifungal,
and anti-HIV properties. The structural modifications introduced to the I3A scaffold, such as
substitutions on the indole ring (alkylation/arylation/halogenation), variations in the aldehyde group
via condensation (Aldol/Claisen/Knoevenagel), and molecular hybridization with other reputable
bioactive compounds like coumarins, chalcones, triazoles, and thiophenes, contribute to these activities.
Beyond its therapeutic potential, I3A has also found applications as a ligand for Schiff base
synthesis, a polymer, and a chromophore. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the
latest research on I3A and its derivatives, focusing on the key reactions, modification pathways, reaction
conditions, yields, and associated therapeutic activities. By understanding these advancements,
researchers can gain valuable insights into the potential applications and future directions for
I3A-based drug discovery.
Untangling the Genetic Threads of Alzheimer's: Insights into Risk Factors and Biomarkers
Authors: Naiyeri Atabak , Moqadami Amin , Khalaj-Kondori Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Dementia is a comprehensive term that refers to illnesses characterized by a decline in
cognitive memory and other cognitive functions, affecting a person's overall ability to operate. The
exact causes of dementia are unknown to this day. The heterogeneity of Alzheimer's indicates the
contribution of genetic polymorphism to this disease. This disease is the most prevalent and damaging
illness. Studies indicate that the global prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) exceeds 26 million
individuals. Investigation of variations in many genes indicates that these variations may be
linked to the susceptibility to AD. Additional genetic factors could potentially influence AD. Analysis
of several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in this context reveals a correlation between certain
variants and AD. Regardless, Alzheimer's disease is always influenced by a particular APOE
gene allele. The study's findings indicate that risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to polymorphisms
in the following genes: BDNF, presenilin-1 (PS-1), presenilin-2 (PS-2), LRP, APP,
CTSD,5-6HT, TREM2, TNF-α, LPL, Clusterin (CLU), SORL1 (Sortilin-Related Receptor), PICALM,
Complement Receptor 1 (CR1), and APOE genes.
CRISPR/Cas System: A Powerful Strategy to Improve Monogenic Human Diseases as Therapeutic Delivery; Current Applications and Challenges
Authors: Saberi Fatemeh , Yousefi-Najafabadi Zeinab , Shams Forough , Dehghan Zeinab , Ahmadi Sepideh , Pilehchi Tayyebeh , Noori Effat , Esmaeelzadeh Zeinab , Bazgiri Maryam , Mohammadi Rezvan , Khani Farzaneh , Sameni Marzieh , Moradbeigi Parisa , Kardar Gholam Ali , Salehi Mohammad , Teng Yong , Jajarmi Vahid
Published: January 2025

The 5,000 to 8,000 monogenic diseases are inherited disorders leading to mutations in a
single gene. These diseases usually appear in childhood and sometimes lead to morbidity or premature
death. Although treatments for such diseases exist, gene therapy is considered an effective and
targeted method and has been used in clinics for monogenic diseases since 1989. Monogenic diseases
are good candidates for novel therapeutic technologies like gene editing approaches to repair
gene mutations. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based systems,
the pioneer and effective gene editing tool, are utilized for ex vivo and in vivo treatment of monogenic
diseases. The current review provides an overview of recent therapeutic applications of
CRISPR-based gene editing in monogenic diseases in in vivo and ex vivo models. Furthermore, this
review consolidates strategies aimed at providing new treatment options with gene therapy, thereby
serving as a valuable reference for advancing the treatment landscape for patients with monogenic
disorders.
Benzimidazole Derivatives in Breast Cancer: Target-Specific Therapeutic Breakthroughs
Authors: Mounika S , K Hemalatha , Pal Rohit , Matada Gurubasavaraja Swamy Purawarga , Jain Pradan P , E Haripriya , Sk Md. Ashadul , M P Viji
Published: January 2025

Despite ongoing advancements in drug design and developments, breast cancer remains
a serious and devastating disease and is ranked as the second most common illness in women.
Breast cancer rates have increased significantly during the last 40 years. This necessitates the development
of novel treatment techniques. Currently, chemotherapy is the primary mode of treatment
for breast cancer; however, its toxicity to normal cells and drug resistance are considered the
main obstacles. Researchers are looking for novel anti-breast cancer medication classes to improve
cancer therapy efficacy and survival rates. Using non-targeting medicines in a 'one-size-fits-all'
strategy can harm healthy cells and may not be effective for all patients. Thus, now, the treatment
of breast cancer is exploring targeted-based therapy. The tactics involved in this therapy may improve
patient survival rates, but their extended usage can lead to significant side effects and medication
resistance. Targeted therapy enables precision medicine by targeting particular oncogenic
markers in malignancies. Because of their strong cytotoxicity against several cancer cell types,
heterocyclic compounds play an important role in the development of therapeutically effective
anticancer drugs. Benzimidazole derivatives have grown in favour of anti-breast cancer medicines
in recent years due to their broad biological characteristics and therapeutic applications. This review
provides healthcare professionals and researchers with an overview of current breakthroughs
(2019-2024) in benzimidazole derivatives as breast cancer-targeted therapy, based on the perspectives
of leading experts. We have illuminated the diverse and evolving landscape of hybridized
benzimidazole, along with its biological targets and anti-breast cancer activity. Further, we also
have compiled the various ongoing clinical trials of benzimidazole scaffolds as anti-breast cancer
agents. A detailed illustration of the structure-activity connection with special emphasis is provided.
The effort may help to develop potent, selective, and effective drugs to combat breast cancer.
Synthetic Strategies and Biological Activities of Teixobactin and its Analogs: A Review
Authors: Kumari Dalli , Nagendra Govindappa
Published: January 2025

Antibiotics are a revolutionary discovery in modern medicine, enabling the successful
treatment of bacterial infections that were once untreatable and deadly. Teixobactin, a "head-toside-
chain" cyclodepsipeptide, shows great promise as a lead compound for developing new antibiotics
to deal with multi-drug-resistant bacterial infections. The unique pharmacological profile
and intriguing structural characteristics of teixobactin, including its unusual amino acid residues
(three D-amino acids and L-allo-enduracididine), have drawn the attention of multiple research
groups seeking to create new antibiotics with innovative mechanisms. This review explores recent
developments in the chemical structure of teixobactin, its biological role in cells, its biosynthetic
production pathway, and how it disrupts bacteria (mode of action). Along with the structureactivity
relationship (SAR) studies, this review also covers various synthetic approaches used to
create teixobactin and its analogs. Finally, some observations regarding emerging patterns during
the synthesis of unique analogs of teixobactin, as well as suggestions for further research and developments,
are discussed.
Bioinformatics Method Predicts Hantavirus Disrupts Vascular Permeability to Invade Cells Violently by Fibrocystin Hydrolase and PTEN/Gtpase-Like System
Authors: Liu Wenzhong , Li Hualan
Published: January 2025

Background:

Hantavirus illness is characterized by increased vascular permeability and
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or cardiopulmonary syndrome.

Methods:

In this study, the domain search approach, a bioinformatics method, was utilized to understand
more about hantavirus E protein structures.

Results:

Activities of Ca2+ binding domain, C-type lectin, Dockerin, glycosyl hydrolase (cellulase),
PI3K, threonine kinase, PTEN, GTPase, PPM, flippase, and other domains were identified in Hantavirus
membrane glycoprotein E.

Conclusion:

According to the results in this current study, the activation of EF-hand promotes the
lectin activity of E protein, which then binds to fibrocystin in the form of cohesin-dockerin. The
glycosyl hydrolase activity of E protein hydrolyzes glycosidic linkages, destroying the protective
capsule of cells (fibrocystin) so that it may bind to receptors such as integrins. Additionally, the enzyme
activities of PTEN and PI3K permit the E protein to insert and anchor on the cell membrane.
Moreover, the GTPase, SecA, and flipase activities of E proteins mediate the creation of fusion
pores and the release of genetic materials.

Other:

The aggressive invasion of Hantavirus causes tissue damage and bleeding, resulting in severe
blood vessel leakage.
Metal Sensing and Radical Quenching Properties of Thiophene-based
Hydrazone
Authors: Gusain Anamika , Srishti Km , Negi Oseen , Kumar Naresh , Hota Prasanta Kumar
Published: January 2025

Metal ion sensing properties of thiophene based hydrazone (TH) have been studied using
UV-Vis and DFT studies. In comparison to heavy transition metal ions, TH especially binds to Cu2+
and Fe
3+ ions. The lower limit of detection (LOD) of the compound is 6 μM and 9 μM for Cu2+ and
Fe3+ ions respectively. The binding constant for the compound: C2+ and compound: Fe3+ complexes
are obtained as 3 x 104 M-1 and 4.5 x 103 M-1 respectively using the Benesi-Hildebrand plot. The stoichiometry
ratio for compound: Cu2+ complex 2:1 is obtained using Job's plot. The complex is more
stable than the free compound and is validated through computation of HOMO-LUMO orbital energy
and band gap of compound and complex using density functional theory. TH exhibits antioxidant
properties against the DPPH radical with IC50: 23 μM. The possible mechanism of quenching of radical
is suggested through single electron transfer followed by a proton transfer mechanism. From the
above studies, it can be concluded that the hydrazone TH detects both Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions up to micromolar
concentration and quenches the DPPH radical with IC50 comparable to vitamin E.
Synthesis of Epilepsy Drug Brivaracetam through Solvent-free Lactamization
Authors: Singh Saurabh Kumar , Ghosh Partha , Prasad Rajendra
Published: January 2025

Brivaracetam is a relatively new racetam drug for the treatment of epilepsy, synthesis of
which with proper stereocontrol remains challenging. Herein we describe a solvent-free lactamization
method for the development of two efficient synthetic routes to brivaracetam. The key method is a
one-step condensation of amines with chiral α-carboxyethyl-β-propyl butyrolactone under neat conditions
that proceed through tandem decarboxylation and lactamization. The lactam obtained using
benzylamine was converted to (S)-3-propyl pyrrolidinone, a key intermediate to brivaracetam.
Whereas, the lactam obtained from the condensation of (S)-2-amino butanol was further transformed
into brivaracetam.

objective:

Efficient synthesis of the epilepsy drug brivaracetam

method:

a solvent free lactamization method
Ternary Logic Implementation Using CNTFET Nanotechnology: A Review
Authors: Jolly Ekta , Sharma Vijay Kumar
Published: January 2025

This review article explores multi-valued logic (MVL) as an alternative to replace
existing binary logic, aiming to increase the information-carrying and processing capabilities
of integrated systems. MVL requires more than two logic levels, and the carbon nanotube field
effect transistor (CNTFET) is preferred as the device technology to produce these multiple
levels. In this article, a review of various implementations of the ternary half adder (THA) is
presented. The existing THA designs were simulated using a 32 nm CNTFET model to
evaluate different performance metrics, such as transistor count, delay, power consumption,
and power delay product (PDP). The THA results were compared, and it was observed that for
most of the designs, there was a trade-off between power consumption, delay, and transistor
count. Hence, the PDP metric can be considered for a comprehensive assessment of
performance efficiency for any ternary-based circuit design chosen for implementation.
DSPE: An End-to-End Drug Synergy Combination Prediction Algorithm for Echinococcosis
Authors: Li Haitao , Jiang Liyuan , Chu Yuanyuan , Liu Yuansheng , Zheng Chunhou , Su Yansen
Published: January 2025

Background:

Echinococcosis, a parasitic disease caused by the larvae of the Echinococcus
parasite, poses a serious threat to human health. Medication is an indispensable means of treatment
for Echinococcosis; however, due to the less satisfactory efficacy of single drugs, identifying
effective drug combinations for the treatment of Echinococcosis is essential. Yet, current predictive
models for drug synergy in Echinococcosis face accuracy challenges due to data scarcity, method
limitations, and insufficient feature representation.

Objective:

This work aims to design an end-to-end method to predict drug synergistic combinations,
which enables efficient and accurate identification of drug combinations against Echinococcosis.

Methods:

In this work, an end-to-end method, named DSPE, is proposed for predicting anti-
Echinococcosis drug synergistic combinations. In DSPE, a dataset of Echinococcosis drug synergistic
combinations is constructed by retrieving and extracting information from related scientific articles.
Further, DSPE employs a residual graph attention network to deeply analyze drug characteristics
and their interactions, thereby enhancing the performance of deep learning models. It also explores
the protein-protein interaction network related to Echinococcosis, using node2vec combined
with an attention mechanism to efficiently encode disease features. Finally, it predicts the synergy of
drug combinations based on the Bliss score by integrating drug combinations and disease features.

Results:

Experimental evidence shows that DSPE outperforms five state-of-the-art algorithms in
predicting drug combination effects by leveraging disease-target information and single-agents for
the treatment.

Conclusion:

DSPE improves prediction accuracy and addresses the issue of data scarcity for new
diseases, offering new insights and methods for the development of treatment plans for parasitic diseases
in the future.
Observation on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Camrelizumab Combined with
Chemotherapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and the Cutaneous Immune-related
Adverse Events: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Xia Jiali , Yu Aoyang , Cao Menghan , Zhao Yang , Qin Xiaobing , Liu Wenlou , Han Zhengxiang , Jiang Guan
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 shows significant benefits in lung cancer. Cutaneous
immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequent, early-developing side effects of ICIs, and their potential
role as prognostic markers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy requires further exploration.

Methods:

Data of patients with NSCLC treated with camrelizumab Combined with chemotherapy were collected
at Xuzhou Medical University from 2019 to 2023. Cutaneous irAEs were monitored using CTCAE v5.0, and
therapeutic efficacy was assessed using RECIST 1.1 criteria for ORR and PFS. Multivariable Cox regression
analysis identified independent predictors of PFS, and a nomogram was constructed to predict survival outcomes.

Results:

Data from 151 patients were analyzed. Significant differences in the objective response rate (ORR, P =
0.016) and progression-free survival (PFS, P < 0.0001) were detected between NSCLC patients, either with cirAEs
or not. Besides, PFS was significantly different in NSCLC patients who were subgrouped by the time of
first cutaneous irAEs occurrence (P = 0.011), duration of cutaneous irAEs (P = 0.002), grade of cutaneous irAEs
(P = 0.002), the number of cutaneous irAEs(P = 0.021). The multivariable analysis also revealed that cirAEs were
positively associated with survival outcomes (HR: 0.316, 95% CI, 0.193- 0.519, P＜0.001) for PFS. The nomogram
was formulated based on the results of multivariate analysis and validated using an internal bootstrap
resampling approach, which showed that the nomogram exhibited a sufficient level of discrimination according to
the C-index 0.80 (95% CI, 0.748-0.850).

Conclusion:

The presence of cirAEs in NSCLC patients treated with camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy
is indicative of better treatment efficacy and prognosis. This study supports the utility of cirAEs as biomarkers for
predicting the validity of immunotherapy in NSCLC. It proposes a novel, multi-parameter prognostic model to
assess patient outcomes more accurately.
A Multi-Source Heterogeneous Data-Driven
Method for Nursing Home Location Selection: The
Cases of Two Districts in Beijing
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Zongshui , Zhao Hong
Published: January 2025

Background:

The configuration of nursing homes is crucial for cities with severe aging
populations, traditional optimization methods mentioned in previous research rarely use multi--
source heterogeneous data.

Objective:

To optimize the nursing home location selection methods and improve decision effectiveness
by multi-source heterogeneous data.

Design:

Quantitative data were collected using a mixed-methods design.

Methods:

The real-time data was considered and the population factors, economic level, natural
factors, medical conditions, convenience of life and traffic accessibility were integrated to explain
location-decision principles. Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to collect spatial
data, and machine learning methods were employed to evaluate the spatial suitability of nursing
homes at a 500-meter grid scale. To test the validity, Xicheng and Dongcheng districts in Beijing
were chosen as cases.

Results:

The proposed method shows better prediction performance compared with Extreme Gradient
Boost (XGBoost), Random Forest, and AdaBoost. The quantitative analysis showed that the
number of schools, the proportion of green areas, medical conditions, traffic accessibility, and the
number of shopping facilities are the main features for determining the location of nursing homes
in Xicheng and Dongcheng Districts Beijing.

Conclusion:

The local government should pay attention to factors such as education, green
spaces, medical conditions, transportation conditions, and shopping convenience when considering
the configuration of nursing homes. The location selection method proposed in this paper considers
multiple dimensions to increase objectivity and comprehensiveness.
The Characteristics of Respiratory Compensation Strategy and Its Application Equipment Analysis
Authors: Zhang Weixi , Niu Cong , Jiang Jingang
Published: January 2025

Background:

Thoracic and abdominal tumors seriously endanger people's health. In
the process of accurate diagnosis and treatment, due to the existence of respiratory motion, the location
of the tumor will change. to solve this problem, many experts and scholars have proposed a
variety of respiratory compensation strategies. However, there is a lack of comprehensive introduction
and analysis of various respiratory compensation strategies.

Objective:

According to the characteristics of respiratory compensation, this paper discusses its development
status and development trend, and puts forward reasonable suggestions for its future development,
to provide a reference for other researchers.

Methods:

Through the analysis of a large number of articles and patents. Classification, advantages
and disadvantages, and main application equipment of the existing respiratory compensation
strategies are introduced. Application principle, influencing factors, main application equipment,
and compensation accuracy of breath holding method, abdominal pressure method, active respiratory
control method, respiratory gating method and tumor real-time tracking method were compared
and analyzed.

Results:

Through the comparison and analysis of various respiratory compensation strategies, the
characteristics, applicable conditions, and existing problems of various respiratory compensation
strategies are clarified. The solutions to the existing problems are put forward, and the development
trend of respiratory compensation strategies is prospected.

Conclusion:

Respiratory compensation strategy plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment
of thoracic and abdominal tumors. Various existing respiratory compensation strategies can
effectively compensate for respiratory movement, but they all face the problem of insufficient
compensation accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to study and improve the respiratory compensation
strategy. In the future, respiratory compensation strategies will develop in the direction of better
effect and more comfortable for patients.
Classification &Technological Analysis of Load Balancing in Cloud Computing
Authors: Jyoti Amrita , Yadav Amit , Kumar Devendra , Mamoria Pushpa , Yadav Vikash
Published: January 2025

Cloud computing is a rapidly expanding area and its success demands adequate resource
utilization, high availability, and maximum performance of cloud-based applications and
services. This research presents an overall load balancing types existing in cloud computing that
covers both static and dynamic methodologies. The study comprehensively examines round-robin,
weighted round-robin, least connection, weighted least connection and random allocation algorithms
for load balancing. Static load balancing procedures which allocate jobs based on some predefined
standards are juxtaposed to their dynamic counterparts that adjust their strategies regarding
the actual workloads as well as resource capacities. By investigating these different approaches,
this study hopes to have a comprehensive understanding of their advantages, disadvantages
and when they are applicable. Furthermore, the paper highlights how advanced technologies together
with computational techniques can enhance efficiency in load balancing stressing the significance
of adaptability and forward-thinking capabilities in contemporary cloud systems. This invaluable
piece of writing will be useful to researchers and developers who are interested in improving
the efficiency of Cloud infrastructure through better load balancer solutions.
Innovative Applications of Rotary Evaporators in Vacuum-assisted Synthesis for Sustainable Chemistry
Authors: Wang Weiding , Huang Chenhao , Zhang Qian
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the pursuit of sustainable and efficient methods for organic synthesis has
gained significant momentum. Among the emerging strategies, vacuum-assisted organic synthesis is
a promising approach, offering the potential to expedite reactions, boost yields, and minimize waste
generation. This review delves into the innovative utilization of rotary evaporators as a reactor for
vacuum-assisted organic synthesis, showcasing their unique advantages and potential. The advantages
of this approach and the recent examples of vacuum-accelerated reactions carried out in
rotary evaporators are discussed, demonstrating their versatility and potential for green catalysis. By
exploring the untapped potential of rotary evaporators as reactors, we aim to stimulate further research
in this burgeoning field and contribute to the ongoing endeavour to transform organic synthesis
into a more sustainable and efficient practice.
Stability of encapsulated red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel: effects on antioxidant and prebiotic potency
Authors: Justina Fayola , Aditiyarini Dwi , Aprilia Ariestanti Catarina
Published: January 2025

The high consumption of red dragon fruit has led to an increase in red dragon fruit peel waste in the environment, which has potential as a source of natural food coloring and as a prebiotic but is susceptible todegraded. The objective of this study was to determine the best ratio of maltodextrin and gelatin as encapsulant materials to give the highest stability and prebiotic potential of the colorant (betacyanin) in red dragon fruit peel. The stability and prebiotic potential tests were conducted on the encapsulates during 15 days of storage at room temperature in a dark room. The treatment variations included different maltodextrin to gelatin (GM) ratios of 1:1 (GM1), 2:1 (GM2), and 3:1 (GM3). The parameters tested were encapsulation yield, moisture content, betacyanin content, percent inhibition of free radicals, and prebiotic potential using probiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus). The results showed that encapsulation could maintain the stability of betacyanin pigment during storage. GM1 gave the best overall results with 10.09% moisture content, 93.94% encapsulate yield, 70% solubility, 0.95 mg/L betacyanin content, 36.31% inhibition percentage, and 5.83 x 107 CFU/mL L. bulgaricus growth.
Sea Level Calculator: Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Web Interaktif Menggunakan Data Citra Satelit Dengan Pendekatan Regresi Linier dalam Menjelaskan Fenomena Peningkatan Muka Air Laut
Authors: Adin Izzuddin Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Kesadaran peserta didik akan lingkungan sekitar perlu dipupuk sedini mungkin melalui pembelajaran di sekolah. Salah satunya adalah kesadaran akan adanya fenomena perubahan iklim seperti peningkatan muka air laut. Peningkatan muka air laut merupakan fenomena yang disebabkan oleh adanya perubahan iklim yang terjadi secara global. Fenomena ini dapat direpresentasikan dalam bentuk persamaan dan grafik regresi linier. Pembelajaran mengenai representasi grafik telah dipelajari pada mata pelajaran matematika. Namun, umumnya, hanya sebatas pada grafik yang menjelaskan aktivitas industri dan ekonomi. Padahal, grafik yang menjelaskan fenomena alam sangat penting untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran. Di samping itu, masih ditemukan sedikit adanya media pembelajaran yang membahas tentang grafik regresi linier serta media pembelajaran matematika yang bersifat interaktif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini membahas tentang pengembangan media pembelajaran yang dinamakan Sea Level Calculator yang dikembangkan melalui penggunaan data citra satelit dengan pendekatan regresi linier. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah R&D dengan model ADDIE. Namun, pada penelitian ini, pengembangan media pembelajaran hanya sampai pada tahap implementasi. Media SLC dikembangkan melalui platform Earth Engine dengan menggunakan data citra satelit HYCOM yang berisi data Sea Elevation yang berfungsi sebagai variabel bebas dan Ocean Temperature sebagai variabel terikat. Kedua variabel ini akan dicari pola hubungan yang direpresentasikan dalam bentuk grafik, persamaan regresi, serta nilai korelasi. SLC dikembangkan dengan menekankan pada konsep interaktif di mana fitur yang terdapat pada media dapat dijadikan sebagai sarana peserta didik untuk bereksplorasi dan bereksperimen tentang fenomena peningkatan muka air laut. Dalam pembelajaran matematika, SLC dapat diterapkan dengan menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis pendekatan saintifik.
Faktor yang Memengaruhi Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Di Provinsi Banten Menggunakan Regresi Data Panel
Authors: Annisa Qurrota Ayu  , Sri Subanti  , Sugiyanto
Published: January 2025

Pengangguran merupakan permasalahan umum yang dihadapi negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Pada tahun 2022-2023 Provinsi Banten menduduki peringkat pertama persentase Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) tertinggi di Indonesia. Sehingga, diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) di Provinsi Banten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh rata-rata lama sekolah , upah minimum kabupaten/kota , tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja , dan laju pertumbuhan PDRB  terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) di Provinsi Banten tahun 2013-2022. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan regresi data panel. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model terbaik yang terpilih setelah melalui uji Chow dan uji Hausman adalah fixed effect model. Kemudian diperoleh hasil akhir bahwa rata-rata lama sekolah  berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap persentase Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) di Provinsi Banten, upah minimum kabupaten/kota  berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap persentase Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) di Provinsi Banten, tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja  berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap persentase Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) di Provinsi Banten, dan laju pertumbuhan PDRB  berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap persentase Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) di Provinsi Banten.
Penerapan Aplikasi Flipbook Makers Dalam Merekontruksi Struktur Berpikir Koneksi Matematis
Authors: Suharna Hery , In Hi. Abdullah  , Anggriyani  , Nurma Angkotasan
Published: January 2025

Students in learning mathematics today are: (a) difficulties in connecting between mathematical concepts, (b) thinking barriers caused by not thinking structures of mathematical concepts, (c) inability to connect mathematically with the structure of mathematical problems, so that students do not master the concepts in a general way. correct, (d) students have not been able to understand a mathematical problem correctly when solving mathematical problems, and (e) students do not use operations and procedures correctly. The problems of the current industrial revolution 4.0 and the mathematical problems faced by students learning mathematics are very complex with various applications, therefore this is interesting and a concern for research. One of the learning media that teachers can use is the creation of a flip book-based learning media. This flip book-based learning media is carried out using software in the form of a Flipbook which is used to make the display of books or other teaching materials into a digital E-Book in the form of a flip book. This application is used to convert PDF to flash flip book with digital page folding effect. This page has the function of turning the text and images into digital information in either exe, html, etc. formats. Data analysis techniques in this study are data reduction, data exposure, data triangulation, and drawing conclusions. The subjects of this study were students who had passed calculus, with the representatives of the subjects in the study being L1 and P2. The results of the study found that the process of reconstructing the structure of the male mathematical connection which began with disequilibrating and then carried out the process of reconstructing the routine mathematical connection structure and the process of reconstructing the structure of the female mathematical connection starting with the occurrence of disequilibrating and then reconstructing the non-routine connection structure