bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calculating Hausdorff dimension of Julia sets and Kleinian limit sets
Authors: Jenkinson Oliver , Pollicott Mark
Published: February 2007

We present a new algorithm for efficiently computing the Hausdorff dimension of sets X invariant under conformal expanding dynamical systems. By locating the periodic points of period up to N , we construct approximations s N which converge to dim( X ) super-exponentially fast in N . This method can be used to give rigorous estimates for important examples, including hyperbolic Julia sets and limit sets of Schottky and quasifuchsian groups.
A Bott-Borel-Weil theory for direct limits of algebraic groups
Authors: Dimitrov Ivan , Penkov Ivan , Wolf Joseph A.
Published: February 2007

We develop a Bott-Borel-Weil theory for direct limits of algebraic groups. Some of our results apply to locally reductive ind-groups G in general, i.e., to arbitrary direct limits of connected reductive linear algebraic groups. Our most explicit results concern root-reductive ind-groups G , the locally reductive ind-groups whose Lie algebras admit root decomposition. Given a parabolic subgroup P of G and a rational irreducible P -module, we consider the irreducible G -sheaves [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] and their duals [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] These sheaves are locally free, in general of infinite rank. We prove a general analog of the Bott-Borel-Weil Theorem for [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /] namely that [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="04i" /] is nonzero for at most one index q = q 0 and that [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="05i" /] is isomorphic to the dual of a rational irreducible G -module V . For q 0 > 0 we show that (in contrast to the finite dimensional case) V need not admit an irreducible P -submodule. There, however, one has a larger parabolic subgroup w P ⊃ P , constructed from P and a Weyl group element w of length q 0 , such that V is generated by an irreducible w P -submodule. Consequently certain G -modules V can appear only for q 0 > 0, never for q 0 = 0. For [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="06i" /] we show that there is no analog of Bott's vanishing theorem, more precisely that [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="07i" /] can have arbitrarily many nonzero cohomology groups. Finally, we give an explicit criterion for the projectivity of the ind-variety G/P , showing that G/P is in general not projective.
Ramification of local fields with imperfect residue fields
Authors: Abbes Ahmed , Saito Takeshi
Published: February 2007

We define two decreasing filtrations by ramification groups on the absolute Galois group of a complete discrete valuation field whose residue field may not be perfect. In the classical case where the residue field is perfect, we recover the classical upper numbering filtration. The definition uses rigid geometry and log-structures. We also establish some of their properties.
Boundary behavior of harmonic functions in metrics of Bergman type on the polydisc
Authors: Li Song-Ying , Simon Ezequias
Published: February 2007

In this paper, we prove the following theorem: Any harmonic functions in Bergman type metrics in the polydisc in complex Euclidean space which are continuous up to the boundary must be harmonic in each complex variable.
Birkhoff formula for conformal compressions of symmetric cones
Authors: Lim Yongdo
Published: February 2007

In this paper we derive the Birkhoff formula for conformal compressions on symmetric cones. Let V be a Euclidean Jordan algebra and let Ω be the associated symmetric cone. Then Ω admits a natural Finsler metric contracted by any conformal compressions of Ω. We show that the Lipschitz constant of a conformal compression of Ω is equal to the hyperbolic tangent of one fourth of the diameter of the image. This is the same relation which was obtained by Birkhoff on positive reals and by Liverani and Wojtkowski on the space of positive definite real matrices.
A generalization of the Coleman map for Hida deformations
Authors: Ochiai Tadashi
Published: February 2007

In this paper, we give a Coleman/Perrin-Riou type map for an ordinary type deformation and construct a two variable p -adic L -function for a Hida family from the Beilinson-Kato elements.
Dynamical upper bounds on wavepacket spreading
Authors: Killip Rowan , Kiselev Alexander , Last Yoram
Published: February 2007

We derive a general upper bound on the spreading rate of wavepackets in the framework of Schrödinger time evolution. Our result consists of showing that a portion of the wavepacket cannot escape outside a ball whose size grows dynamically in time, where the rate of this growth is determined by properties of the spectral measure and by spatial properties of solutions of an associated time-independent Schrödinger equation. We also derive a new lower bound on the spreading rate, which is strongly connected with our upper bound. We apply these new bounds to the Fibonacci Hamiltonian—the most studied one-dimensional model of quasicrystals. As a result, we obtain for this model upper and lower dynamical bounds establishing wavepacket spreading rates which are intermediate between ballistic transport and localization. The bounds have the same qualitative behavior in the limit of large coupling.
Boundary value problems in Morrey spaces for elliptic systems on Lipschitz domains
Authors: Shen Zhongwei
Published: February 2007

Let Ω be a bounded Lipschitz domain in [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /], n ≥ 3. Let [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] be a second order elliptic system with constant coefficients satisfying the Legendre-Hadamard condition. We consider the Dirichlet problem [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /] = 0 in Ω, u = f on ∂Ω with boundary data f in the Morrey space L 2,λ (∂Ω). Assume that 0 ≤ λ < 2 + ε for n ≥ 4 where ε > 0 depends on Ω, and 0 ≤ λ ≤ 2 for n = 3. We obtain existence and uniqueness results with nontangential maximal function estimate ║( u )*║ L 2,λ(∂Ω) ≤ C ║ f ║ L 2,λ(∂Ω) . If [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="04i" /] satisfies the strong elliptic condition and 0 ≤ λ < min ( n -1, 2+ε), we show that the Neumann type problem [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="05i" /] = 0 in Ω, ∂ u / ∂ν = g ∈ H 2,λ (∂Ω) on ∂Ω, ║(∇ u )*║ H 2,λ (∂Ω) < ∞ has a unique solution. Here H 2,λ (∂Ω) is an atomic space with the property ( H 2,λ (∂Ω))* = L 2,λ (∂Ω). The invertibility of layer potentials on L 2,λ (∂Ω) and H 2,λ (∂Ω) is also obtained. Finally we study the Dirichlet problem for the biharmonic equation. We establish a similar estimate in L 2,λ for the biharmonic equation, in which case the range 0 ≤ λ < 2 + ε is sharp for n = 4 or 5.
Asymptotics, frequency modulation, and low regularity ill-posedness for canonical defocusing equations
Authors: Christ Michael , Colliander James , Tao Terrence
Published: February 2007

In a recent paper, Kenig, Ponce and Vega study the low regularity behavior of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS), focusing modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV), and complex Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations. Using soliton and breather solutions, they demonstrate the lack of local well-posedness for these equations below their respective endpoint regularities. In this paper, we study the defocusing analogues of these equations, namely defocusing NLS, defocusing mKdV, and real KdV, all in one spatial dimension, for which suitable soliton and breather solutions are unavailable. We construct for each of these equations classes of modified scattering solutions, which exist globally in time, and are asymptotic to solutions of the corresponding linear equations up to explicit phase shifts. These solutions are used to demonstrate lack of local well-posedness in certain Sobolev spaces, in the sense that the dependence of solutions upon initial data fails to be uniformly continuous. In particular, we show that the mKdV flow is not uniformly continuous in the L 2 topology, despite the existence of global weak solutions at this regularity. Finally, we investigate the KdV equation at the endpoint regularity H -¾ , and construct solutions for both the real and complex KdV equations. The construction provides a nontrivial time interval [- T, T ] and a locally Lipschitz continuous map taking the initial data in H -¾ to a distributional solution u ∈ C 0 ([- T, T ]; H -¾ ) which is uniquely defined for all smooth data. The proof uses a generalized Miura transform to transfer the existing endpoint regularity theory for mKdV to KdV.
Comic Invention and Superstitious Frenzy in Apuleius' Metamorphoses : The Figure of Socrates as an Icon of Satirical Self-Exposure
Authors: Keulen Wytse H
Published: February 2007

This article concentrates on the Apuleian Socrates
(Met. 1.6-19) as a programmatic figure who reflects both the comic
ambiguity of the novel and the paradoxical identity of its protagonist
and main narrator, Lucius, author of an entertaining narrative and a
superstitious initiate of a religious cult. It offers a reading of a
satiric Socrates as parallel to a satiric Lucius. Socrates' ambiguous
exhibitionistic gesture (1.6) is a tribute to his Socratic-Cynic pedigree
and can be viewed as an icon of satirical self-exposure. Both Socrates
and Lucius seem to be literary projections of Apuleius himself as an
author of comic autobiographical fiction.
Courtesan, Concubine, Whore: Apollodorus' Deliberate Use of Terms for Prostitutes
Authors: Miner Jess
Published: February 2007

This article examines Apollodorus' use of the terms
hetaira, pallake, and porne in the
speech Against Neaira. It argues that he employs these terms with
consistency and with attention to differences among them rather than
haphazardly or interchangeably as was previously believed. Apollodorus'
distinctions among types of prostitutes are further clarified through
comparisons with his use of the terms in other speeches. Finally, there
is a reexamination of the famous statement on the existence of three
types of women in society. By resituating this claim in its oratorical
context, I show that it is not an all-inclusive remark on women's roles
but rather a statement quite specific to Apollodorus' attack on Neaira.
Between Several Worlds: Images of Youth and Age in Tuareg Popular Performances
Authors: Rasmussen Susan J.
Published: February 2007

Youth cannot be understood without examining elderhood, and age more generally. Among the Tuareg, Islamic religious rituals and liturgical music tend to be identified with the "aged" (those with children of marriageable age), and these are symbolically opposed to secular popular musical performances classified as "anti-Islamic," which are identified with "youth." These images comment upon long-standing concerns with marriage, courtship, sexuality, and descent, but they are also increasingly being translated into concerns of cultural autonomy, as local youths struggle for cultural survival in conflict between Tuareg and the central state. I analyze three types of popular musical performance and the instruments featured in them, and show how their age-related imagery, commentary, and interaction express changing intergenerational relationships. These concerns, however, do not fall into a binary of "old" and "new," or align with any one age group; rather, they suggest shifting associations of agentive power and questioning of "tradition" by youth and aged in diverse contexts. These data on age symbolism in Tuareg popular musical performances suggest more dynamic, nuanced formulations of "traditional," "modern," and "global" in anthropological theory.
They Cut Segametsi Into Parts: Ritual Murder, Youth, and the Politics of Knowledge in Botswana
Authors: Burke Charlanne
Published: February 2007

This article focuses on witchcraft in order to examine youth in Botswana. Two witchcraft realms preoccupy youth: boloi , in which an individual manipulates materials for personal gain or to harm someone, and dipheko, or ritual murder. Boloi poses a threat to youth by inducing headaches, pain, and dizziness. This suffering prevents youths' socially upward movement and economic improvement by resulting in school failure, with ramifications for the family as well as the individual. Dipheko, while less common, is also dangerous to youth. Stories of witchcraft and school failure are related to conflicted social relations, competition for scarce resources, and youth action. Ritual murder accentuates these issues, magnifying and telescoping tensions onto youths' bodies whose mutilation symbolizes a reversal of expected behavior and an interruption of social reproduction. Both kinds of witchcraft explain school failure and youth vulnerability, but each involves knowledge and youth action differently. In boloi youth supposedly know and do nothing—only adult actions yield results. Dipheko, however, reveals youth vulnerability yet also provides opportunity to address it.
Chernobyl Stories and Anthropological Shock in Hungary
Authors: Harper Krista M.
Published: February 2007

The Budapest Chernobyl Day commemoration generated a creative outpouring of stories about parental responsibilities, scientific knowledge, environmental risks, and public participation. I examine the stories and performances elicited by the tenth anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in April 1996. In these "Chernobyl stories" activists criticized scientific and state paternalism while engaging in alternative practices of citizenship. The decade between the catastrophic explosion and its commemoration coincides with the development of the Hungarian environmental movement and the transformation from state socialism. Chernobyl Day 1996 consequently became an opportunity for activists to reflect upon how the meaning of citizenship and public participation had changed in those years as well. First, the Chernobyl explosion drew into question the authority of scientific expertise and Cold War notions of technological progress, provoking the "politicization of knowing" for many activists. Second, personal memories of the 1986 disaster reflect how Chernobyl presented everyday life dilemmas that caused many parents and professionals to see themselves as citizens and environmentalists, a process I term the "politicization of caring." I analyze the political implications of framing the environment as lifeworld, drawing from sociologist Ulrich Beck's concept of "anthropological shock."
Circuits of African Art / Paths of Wood: Exploring an Anthropological Trail
Authors: Stoller Paul
Published: February 2007

In this essay, I argue that the economic and social forces of
globalization have altered spaces in which art, commerce and scholarship
are negotiated. In the first part of the essay I demonstrate how the
historical and philosophical forces have shaped the space of African
art. How has the history and culture of Western art affected the
perception of and commerce in African sculpture, masks and textiles? In
the second part of the essay, I consider the impact of a different set of
historical and philosophical parameters—the history of long distance
trade and the impact of Islam—on West African traders' perception
of "wood," the term they use to denote African Art. In the third part of
the essay, I analyze what happens when these two universes of meaning
intersect in contemporary transnational spaces. In the conclusion,
I argue that this continuously negotiated and renegotiated picture of
perception and reality, art and commerce will have a significant impact
on twenty-first century practitioners of ethnography.
Heracles, Cercopes, and Paracomedy
Authors: Kirkpatrick John , Dunn Francis M
Published: February 2007

At Euripides, Her. 1380?81 Heracles imagines his weapons talking to
him in direct speech, and rebuking him for the murder of his wife and
children. Such a conceit is out of place in tragedy. The authors suggest
that it is best explained as an allusion to the Cercopes, who figure
prominently, and utter stinging rebukes, in one of Heracles' comic
exploits. The distinctive moment in Euripides' play is read as
representing and reevaluating the hero's complex and unfinished
identity. Finally, the authors trace the effect of this allusion after
Euripides, situating the reassessment of the hero within a larger
dialogue involving sculpture, vase-painting, comedy, and satyr-drama.
Poetry and the Backward Glance in Virgil's Georgics and Aeneid
Authors: Gale Monica
Published: February 2007

This paper explores the implications of parallels between three
episodes in Virgil's Georgics and Aeneid, each of which involves the
motif of the hero's backward glance. Orpheus in Georgics 4 loses his
wife because he looks back too soon; conversely, Aeneas in Aeneid 2 and
Nisus in Aeneid 9 look back too late. An examination of parallels and
contrasts between the three episodes sheds light on Virgil's exploration
of dichotomies between poetry and politics, individual and community,
past and future.
Culture History of the Toalean of South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Bulbeck David , Pasqua Monique , Di Lello Adrian
Published: February 2007

This paper reviews the current evidence on typologically specialized tools assigned
to the Toalean tradition of the southwest Sulawesi peninsula. Bone points and a
range of stone points appeared across the peninsula in the early Holocene; this
probably occurred as part of the expansion of archery and improved spear technology
in Island Southeast Asia at the time. The technologically most specialized Toalean
tools, namely backed microliths and Maros points, were evidently confined to
the southwest of the peninsula. Backed microliths occur in contexts spanning some
six millennia, but Maros points were largely restricted to the immediately preceramic
period, approximately 5500 to 3500 B.P. The distribution of these tool
types closely matches the area where late Holocene pottery in the ornate "Sa
Huynh-Kalanay" tradition has been recorded, and where Makasar languages are
spoken today. Sulawesi's southwest peninsula may have effectively been an island
throughout much of the Holocene, and its southwest fringe runs hard against a major
cordillera. Thus, physiographic constraints laid the basis for the division of the
peninsula into two "social landscapes" that display long-term continuity throughout
the Holocene, notwithstanding fundamental changes in subsistence patterns and
technology.
Fragments of Glass Bangles from Krek 52/62 and Their Implications for the Dating of the Mimotien Culture
Authors: Haidle Miriam Noel
Published: February 2007

Until recently the Mimotien complex of southeast Cambodia and adjacent Viet Nam was dated to the Neolithic. The artifact assemblages of circular earthworks with outer walls and inner ditches consisted only of ceramic and stone artifacts: absolute dating of the organic temper of the pottery did not yield reliable results. Other organic material and metal artifacts have not been preserved due to the acidity of the red tropical soil with a pH value of less than 4. In 1998 and 2000, fragments of five glass bangles were discovered in the upper part of the excavation but well within the occupational layer of the earthwork Krek 52/62. The chemical composition of the translucent green bracelets (with triangular to house-shaped cross sections) points to an origin of the glass in India or South Viet Nam, respectively. High alumina content prevented intensive weathering. Glass is introduced in Southeast Asia in the second half of the first millennium b.c. Parallel finds of green to blue translucent glass bracelets with triangular to house-shaped cross sections from Viet Nam, Thailand, and the Philippines date to the second half of the first millennium b.c. The glass bangles from Krek 52/62 indicate a date of at least the terminal phase of the Mimotien complex to 500 b.c. or even younger.
Introductory Routes of Rice to Japan: An Examination of the Southern Route Hypothesis
Authors: Takamiya Hiroto
Published: February 2007

The beginning of rice agriculture in Japan impacted every aspect of life in most parts of the archipelago. It was the Japanese version of the ''Neolithic Revolution.ÕÕ Because rice is so important today for Japanese and thought to have been so since the Yayoi period, when and how rice agriculture began in Japan has been intensively studied. Accordingly, three hypotheses, (1) Northern, (2) Chanjian (central coastal China), and (3) Southern routes have been proposed. The third hypothesis was originally proposed by the well-known ethnologist Kunio Yanagita in 1952. Since then, many scholars have attempted to examine this hypothesis. The possibility of this hypothesis based on archaeological, botanical, and ethnological data that have been accumulated in the last fifty years is summarized. Direct data, plant remains that I was able to collect and analyze to test this hypothesis are evaluated. The archaeobotanical data suggest that food production began on the island of Okinawa from the eighth to tenth centuries a.d. and foragers were living on the island during the Yayoi period. The data thus agree with archaeological data and the Southern route hypothesis is rejected.
Toward a Historical Perspective on Sexuality in Uganda: The Reproductive Lifeline Technique for Grandmothers and their Daughters
Authors: Stewart Kearsley A.
Published: February 2007

Current health research on HIV-AIDS in Uganda is predominantly ahistorical and acultural. This is an inadequate analysis of a profoundly social epidemic, especially as the burden of disease shifts from adults to adolescents. As well, many Ugandan adults hold unexamined attitudes about adolescent sexuality, often declaring that today's youth are recklessly sexually active at a much younger age than in the past. This paper presents new data on sexuality reaching across three generations of Ugandans. These data were collected with an original qualitative social scientific research method—the reproductive lifeline technique. Building on the focus group method, this exercise is designed to produce fertility data with historical depth of several generations of women, and to encourage parents to speak more openly with their own children about reproduction and sexuality. This paper analyzes one particular demographic variable, age at first live birth, in an effort to theorize about change over time in another important variable, age at sexual debut. The results were surprising: age at first live birth has not changed significantly over the past forty years in western Uganda and some evidence suggests that age at sexual debut has not changed much either. Several explanations are offered to explain the discrepancy between the demographic evidence and the cultural norms held by adults about adolescent sexual behaviors.
"The Politics of the Womb": Kenyan Debates over the Affiliation Act
Authors: Thomas Lynn M.
Published: February 2007

This article examines reproductive struggles and debates in late colonial and early postcolonial Kenya by reconstructing the history of the short-lived Affiliation Act, a law that granted all single women the right to sue the fathers of their children for paternity support. In 1959, the colonial government enacted this racially inclusive law in a bid to address the social problem of "illegitimacy" through familial channels, and to demonstrate the government's commitment to a nonracial future. The passage of the Affiliation Act, and women's subsequent use of it generated intense debates over the relative powers of men and women, and the value of the "modern" and "traditional" in postcolonial Kenya. Through denouncing and engaging the Affiliation Act, Kenyans argued over who should control women's sexuality, and who should bear the responsibility for, and reap the rewards of, their fertility. They also contested the vision of gender relations that should be embodied in African nationalism and should be promoted by the new Kenyan nation. This article demonstrates how material struggles stemming from pregnancy and surrounding child rearing—"the politics of the womb"—have been important to the elaboration of gender and political relations in postcolonial Africa.
Reconstructing the African Commons
Authors: Wily Liz Alden
Published: February 2007

Eastern and Southern Africa is seeing a wave of land law reform. While the motives may be more political than developmental, the extent of real change ultimately possibly limited, and realization of new law in practice another prospect altogether, certain striking positive changes are appearing. This paper focuses upon one of the more important to the majority of rural citizens in the region—the status of their common lands. What is occurring is this: after a century of suppression and demise, customary tenure regimes are beginning to fi nd a place in state laws as a perfectly legal way to acquire, hold, and transfer land. In the process, the traditional capacity to hold land in common is acquiring new status and even being supported are constructs of statutory commonhold, a form of tenure which could well compete in the future with individual-centered regimes. The impact of these developments upon rural common property resources is potentially enormous. At least in law, citizens in a growing number of states are fi nding their unregistered common rights over pasture, forests, woodlands, and wildlife range accorded a security not seen before. This signals a dramatic reversal of fortune for remote rural poor who have seen these commons steadily slip into the hands of the state or be subject to the subdividing pressures of individualization, at least partly in default of viable legal means to retain these properties as local commons. Exploring this legal transformation is the subject of this article.
Male Dan: The Paradox of Sex, Acting, and Perception of Female Impersonation in Traditional Chinese Theatre
Authors: Tian Min
Published: February 2007

The art of male dan —specialists in female roles—is one of the most important issues in traditional Chinese theatre, especially in jingju (Beijing or Peking opera). In this article, Min Tian considers the problem from a combined gender-sociocultural-historical perspective. Tian traces the convention's historical development, examines its contemporary status, and deals with such issues as the dynamics of sex and the paradox of acting, which are central to the art of the male dan . Not only does he explore modern perceptions of the art of female impersonation with respect to the tradition of the male dan , but he also discusses similar traditions, most notably that of the classical Japanese theatre.
Dreams of Peach Blossoms: Cultural Memory in a Nepali Play
Authors: Davis Carol
Published: February 2007

Dreams of Peach Blossoms takes place in the mind of a poet
who travels across time to understand his ancient cultural heritage before
its ideas and icons are lost forever. Playwright Abhi Subedi juxtaposes
indigenous elements with foreign influences and mixes historical values
with contemporary exploitation as he exhorts his audience to preserve
what is precious in their culture.
The Medical Examination and Biological Selection of University Students in Nazi Germany
Authors: Bodó Béla
Published: February 2007

This article looks at the history of the medical inspection and biological selection of students in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. It discusses the emergence of regular medical inspection of various social groups, including students, in the 1920s and explains why the Nazis were so eager to make health inspections—complete with anthropological and racial surveys—an integral part of the admission process to German universities. It examines why certain individuals, mainly young physicians, complied with the Nazi laws and why others, such as female and fraternity students, older and established physicians in the university clinics, and university administrators, sought to sabotage the procedures. Finally, it explains the failure of biological selection on university campuses in the context of the evolving educational and social policies of the Nazi regime.
Matters of Life and Death: The Hospital of San Pedro in Puebla, 1790-1802
Authors: Hernández-Sáenz Luz María
Published: February 2007

The last decade of the eighteenth century may be described as a "golden age" in the history of the Hospital of San Pedro of Puebla. Under the stewardship of its director, Father Ignacio Domenech, San Pedro underwent an extensive renovation of its physical plant and a thorough administrative reorganization that turned it into one of the best medical care and research institutions in New Spain. This article draws a profile of the patients who filled the hospital's wards and adds a human dimension to the many names and ailments listed in the registries. It also describes the valiant efforts of the medical staff who daily shared the patients' struggle against illness. Fighting immense odds, the practitioners sought to provide good-quality care and to further their limited understanding of disease. A detailed analysis of San Pedro's everyday life reveals a portrait of human suffering, professional dedication, and humanity's pursuit of knowledge.
Seeds of Discord: The Politics of Radon Therapy in Canada in the 1930s
Authors: Hayter Charles R. R
Published: February 2007

In the early twentieth century, the therapeutic
use of radon gas became an accepted medical practice. "Radium emanation"
plants were established in many parts of North America to supply radon
seeds to physicians. In Canada, these plants were usually established
as part of state-supported cancer programs, creating concern among the
medical profession, which had hitherto directed cancer treatment. This
article explores how issues surrounding the ownership and distribution of
radon played out in two Canadian provinces, Manitoba and Ontario. The
main focus is an analysis of a computerized database created from
more than two thousand radon order forms, dating from 1933 to 1940,
preserved in the Archives of Ontario, which reveals interesting
information about patients and the uses of radon in the 1930s, as well
as discrepancies between policy and practice that illuminate the medical
politics of the era. Although the radon seeds were intended for use
in the government-supported central cancer clinics, they were widely
distributed to practitioners throughout Ontario, and many patients
received treatment for noncancerous conditions. These discrepancies are
explored in the context of the struggles over cancer policy between the
government and the Ontario medical profession. The article also shows
how similar conflicts evolved in Manitoba. Finally, the distribution of
radon is linked to the public acceptance of medical radiation despite
contemporary reports of harm.
Geographies of the Closet: The Lives of Paul Monette
Authors: Johnston Georgia
Published: February 2007

Becoming a Man , Monette's 1992 autobiography, doubles its "I." One "I" inhabits the gay closet, a geographical space, while the other "I," having arrived at a gay identity, reads that earlier self. The autobiography "map[s]" the process of "becoming" an "I" able to lead a fully gay life.
Waking Cain: The Poetics of Integration in Charles Johnson's Dreamer
Authors: Whalen-Bridge John
Published: February 2007

In Dreamer Charles Johnson recasts Martin Luther King's life as an East/West exchange in which the Christian intellectual traditions and values of Reverend King test and are tested by a the sudden appearance of a disturbing character named Chaym Smith who is an exact look-a-like of King. Smith could be described as a black dharma bum, and the fictional character provides a magic-realist device to support Johnson's staging of a Buddhist-Christian dialogue, but Johnson does much more than simply find a way to mix Buddhism and African-American history. In several ways Dreamer develops the possibilities of an integrationalist poetics: Johnson combines the ideal of racial integration with various philosophical and religious discourses that profess a redemptive vision of human inter-subjectivity, particularly Buddhism. Dreamer presents the reader with five specific divisions, which I will discuss in five sections to follow, that obstruct the realizable world that King termed "beloved community": (1) essentialist claims about human identity, which are in the novel dialogically answered by Buddhist claims that no such inherent identity exists; (2) class divisions between middle class and poor blacks, which Johnson links to the rise of Black Power and contemporary American identity politics; (3) the segregation of American literary history by focusing on ethnic sub-traditions exclusively; (4) religious mythic doctrine that, improperly understood, authorizes divisive thinking; and (5) the "curse of canonization" that has enshrined King's memory only to contain it so that it does not become the basis for social action. At the end of Johnson's most politically engaged novel to date, King is slain and America is ready to forget his deeper message, but the narrator of Dreamer, Matthew Bishop, has learned that the aforementioned obstacles are in reality doorways to "beloved community."
"The Place She Miss": Exile, Memory, and Resistance in Dionne Brand's Fiction
Authors: Garvey Johanna X. K
Published: February 2007

A Black lesbian feminist from Trinidad, transplanted at the age of seventeen to Toronto, Dionne Brand embodies and reenacts in her fiction, poetry, and essays the experiences of the African diaspora, centered in the Atlantic. Brand writes of the diaspora as displacement, loss, exile, yet she incorporates into her fiction the power of memory and the urgency of resistance, especially through the mapping of space to locate diaspora identifications. Struggling with the consequences of a colonized past in the Caribbean as well as with the contemporary realities of global economies, Brand's female characters express a repeated need to leave the place they occupy--where their bodies may resemble occupied territory--and to find a space of empowerment. While the stories in the collection Sans Souci contain anger, rage, and dreams of retribution in response to the violence against Black women perpetrated by powers colonial and neo-colonial alike, Brand's second novel, At the Full and Change of the Moon, is more elegiac in tone, a narrative permeated by the longing expressed by one character for a line of descent that might rival or replace the signature line of imperialism and enslavement. The reclaiming of oceanic spaces offers a complex site of memory--border space, liminal space, home space--a re-visioning of the Black Atlantic.
Caliban's Books: The Hybrid Text in Peter Greenaway's Prospero's Books
Authors: Tweedie James
Published: February 2007

This essay discusses Peter Greenaway's Prospero's Books as an allegory of the adaptation of canonical literature to cinema, with The Tempest 's colonial concerns refigured as a confrontation between a "masterful" original and an "unfaithful" follower. The essay then situates the film's meditation on the literary artifact and neobaroque aesthetics in opposition to the discourses of heritage circulating in Thatcherite Britain.
Kurosawa's Dreams : A Cinematic Reflection of a Traditional Japanese Context
Authors: Serper Zvika
Published: February 2007

The structure, content, means of expression, philosophical thought, and images in Kurosawa's Dreams (1990) offer an unconscious reflection of the traditional aristocratic nō theater in particular, as well as of other Japanese folkloristic and aesthetic sources.
Reconciling Ethnicity and Nation: Contending Discourses in Fiji's Constitutional Reform
Authors: Norton Robert
Published: February 2007

The process of Fiji's recent constitutional reform highlighted the dilemma of reconciling a principle of indigenous Fijian paramountcy with an imperative to shape a multiethnic nation for which non-Fijian, particularly Indian, contributions have long been crucial. The article addresses this dilemma in a discussion of the dominant themes in public discourse about constitutional change, and the relation of these themes to the values, pressures, and opportunities of three arenas: ethnic, national, and international. Three contrasting paradigms for the nation are identified: a universalist vision grounded in international human rights ideology, an exclusionary Fijian ethnonationalism affirmed most strongly in the army coups of 1987 and their aftermath, and an interethnic accommodation and partnership in which leading Fijian chiefs continue to have a stabilizing and legitimating function. The last model prevailed in the constitutional reform, demonstrating a continuity with trends in the shaping of political culture during colonial and early postcolonial times. The story of the constitutional reform is in part the saga of how the ethnonationalist coup maker who became prime minister, Sitiveni Rabuka, has tried to remake himself as a national leader. In the crucial role he eventually assumed as overseer of reform, he depended on support from chiefs and their councils. The paper concludes, against much of the post-coup literature on Fiji, that over the long term the major significance of the chiefs in the national political arena is not as a privileged "vested interest" group obstructing a solution to the problem of establishing a viable democratic polity, but as part of this solution.
Placing Movers: An Overview of the Asian-Pacific Migration System
Authors: Goss Jon , Lindquist Bruce
Published: February 2007

Conventional wisdom seems to have it that the world has entered a "new age of migration" in which the international movement of labor is qualitatively and quantitatively distinct from the past. The dominant paradigm links labor movement to economic development, particularly for Asian migration, explaining migration in terms of differentials in labor demand and wages, while Pacific scholars have generally resorted to the particularities of Polynesian, Melanesian, and Micronesian cultures and island societies. This paper rejects these assumptions. We first describe the history of the Asia-Pacific migration system in three phases—the Age of Indenture, the Period of the Guest Worker, and the Era of Contract Labor Migration—establishing the scale and duration of flows and examining some of the mechanisms. We then review competing explanations of international migration, arguing that a key factor that economistic and essentialist explanations overlook is networks and institutions. We show how these are both reproduced and recreated in similar forms, and that transnational communities are almost inevitably the result.
Time Traces: Cultural Memory and World War II in Pohnpei
Authors: Turner James West , Falgout Suzanne
Published: February 2007

While conducting fieldwork in Pohnpei, Micronesia, in the 1980s and 1990s, Suzanne Falgout heard poignant accounts of the Islanders' experiences during World War II. The stories and songs that she recorded reveal that for Pohnpeians the effects of the war were local and personal—a catastrophe visited on a landscape that they know in intimate terms. In this paper we discuss not only the content of these memories but also the broader role of memory in human culture. First, we critique common understandings of memory. We highlight the ability of memory to transcend time, the diversity of forms that memory can take, and the active role of humans as agents in the process of remembering. Next, we examine the similarities and differences between personal and cultural memory and the processes of transformation from individual experience to collective identity. Finally, we discuss the nature of Pohnpeian experiences in World War II and what has made them such enduring and compelling cultural memories sixty years after the war. We relate these wartime memories to traditional Pohnpeian understandings of historical knowledge and to the genres, tropes, characters, concerns, and contexts used by Pohnpeians to remember and to articulate the past. We also examine the changing nature and use of war memories as a strategic resource in the context of contemporary Micronesia.
Seattle Fa'a Sāmoa
Authors: McGrath Barbara Burns
Published: February 2007

The paper reviews the concept of community as it has been used by social scientists to describe groups of people, and explores how it might be developed to understand the experience of diasporic communities. Although community avoids some of the essentializing tendencies that are inherent in the concept of culture, the classic use of community fails to acknowledge the reality of travel, and the transcultural, transnational movement of people and ideas. Four Samoan individuals who live in Seattle are portrayed using the method of "ethnography of the particular" to illustrate the cross-cutting influences of their lives and the fluid nature of the boundaries that surround their multiple communities. Shared values of the importance of family ties and church connections help to define what it means to be Samoan in Seattle.
Between Knowledges: Pacific Studies and Academic Disciplines
Authors: Hviding Edvard
Published: February 2007

In this paper, I critically examine a number of notions about
interdisciplinary research approaches to the challenges posed by the world
today. I juxtapose this critique with a discussion of interdisciplinary
developments in Pacific studies, raising questions as to how deeper
dialogues between academic disciplines and the worldviews of Pacific
Islanders may be reached. While interdisciplinarity is widely seen as
a politically correct agenda for contemporary research on processes of
globalization and development, caution is needed against prevailing
optimism about the potential for solving multidisciplinary problems
through interdisciplinary innovation. Such optimism may overrate
the potentials of broad (as opposed to deep) research approaches
and may reflect disregard, if not arrogance, toward the complexity
of the matters addressed. The drive in some European countries for
research on "sustainable development" indicates close ties between
interdisciplinary aspirations and the bureaucratic ambitions of
research administrators. Under such circumstances interdisciplinarity
becomes an object of institutional conflict and internal debate
between institutions, as well as between bureaucrats and scientists,
more than a question of creative epistemological contact between
plural knowledges in and beyond academic disciplines in a search for
increased knowledge more generally. The avoidance of such pitfalls in
the further development of Pacific studies requires close attention to
and appreciation of initiatives from within Oceania, coming from beyond
the domains of conventional disciplines. In this paper, such paths toward
interdisciplinarity are exemplified in a discussion of epistemological
encounters between Oceanic and western knowledges, and with reference
to the emerging currents of "Native Pacific Cultural Studies."
Identity and Learning: Student Affairs' Role in Transforming Higher Education
Authors: Baxter Magolda Marcia B.
Published: February 2007

Self-definition plays a crucial role in complex learning. This article
offers a framework for making identity central in learning to promote
learning and self-authorship. Four examples of this framework in
multicultural education, community development, academic advising,
and teaching offer student affairs educators a foundation for leading
educational transformation.
Binge Eating as Related to Negative Self-Awareness, Depression, and Avoidance Coping in Undergraduates
Authors: Schwarze Nicole J , Oliver J. M , Handal P. J
Published: February 2007

In an investigation of Heatherton and Baumeister's (1991) theory of
binge eating, 207 female undergraduate students were grouped as binge
eaters (BE) or non-eating-disordered (NED) for analyses. The BE group
scored significantly higher than the NED group on avoidance coping
and substance use when depression was not controlled; however, after
controlling for depression, only substance use remained significant.
Intra-Ethnic diversity in hispanic child mortality, 1890–1910
Authors: Gutmann Myron P. , Haines Michael R. , Frisbie W. Parker , Blanchard K. Stephen
Published: February 2007

Using a representative sample of the Hispanic population of the United States based on the manuscripts of the 1910 census, we estimate childhood mortality for the period from approximately 1890 to 1910. We find high child mortality in the Hispanic population, higher than for non-Hispanic whites but not significantly different than among nonwhite non-Hispanics (mostly African Americans). Hispanic rural farm populations in California, Texas, and Arizona experienced high mortality, but not as high as other Hispanic populations. Child mortality was very high among Hispanic residents of New Mexico and those in Florida outside Tampa; it was especially low in the Hispanic population in Tampa.
A model of destination-language acquisition: Application to male immigrants in Canada
Authors: Chiswick Barry R. , Miller Paul W.
Published: February 2007

We develop a model using human capital theory and an immigrant adjustment process to generate hypotheses on the acquisition of destination-language skills among immigrants. The model is tested for adult male immigrants in the 1991 Census of Canada. Use of English or French is greater, the younger the age at migration, the longer the duration of residence, the higher the educational attainment, the farther the country of origin from Canada, and the linguistically closer the mother tongue to English or French, and among those who are not refugees, those from a former British, French, or American colony, and those who live in an area where fewer people speak the respondent’s mother tongue. The explanatory variables based on birthplace have behavioral interpretations and possess almost as much explanatory power as the birthplace dummy variables
The educational enrollment of immigrant youth: A test of the segmented-assimilation hypothesis
Authors: Hirschman Charles
Published: February 2007

An analysis of 1990 census data on the educational enrollment of 15- to 17-year-old immigrants to the United States provides partial support for predictions from both the segmented-assimilation hypothesis and the immigrant optimism hypothesis. Most immigrant adolescents, especially from Asia, are as likely as their native-born peers to be enrolled in high school, or more so. The “at-risk” immigrant youths with above-average levels of nonenrollment that are not reduced with longer exposure to American society are primarily of Hispanic Caribbean origins (from Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Cuba). Recent Mexican immigrants who arrived as teenagers have nonenrollment rates over 40%, but Mexican youths who arrived at younger ages are only somewhat less likely to be enrolled in school than are native-born Americans.
A Simple method for estimating age-specific rates from sequential cross sections
Authors: Schmertmann Carl P.
Published: February 2007

I develop and demonstrate a simple formula for estimating age-specific event rates for a period from “before” and “after” cross sections. The general approach applies to a wide range of estimation problems in demography, the social sciences, and epidemiology. The method arises from the formal mathematics of unstable populations and is similar in spirit to “variable-r” methods. Unlike those methods, however, the new technique does not require specialized computer programming or iterative calculations, and event rates can be calculated directly from cross-sectional data in simple spreadsheets. The article includes a formal mathematical exposition of the method, simulation tests, and several examples.