bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appendix A: Cast of Characters
Authors: Nesbitt Michael , Roach Kent , Hofmann David C. , Lee Kevin
Published: May 2024

Appendix A: Cast of Characters
Introduction and Issue Overview
Authors: Schwartz Bryan P. , MacPherson Darcy L.
Published: May 2024

Introduction and Issue Overview
Justice Côté in 2019: Great Dissenter, Voice of the Court, or Both?
Authors: Ampleman-Tremblay Sandrine , Nadeau Camille
Published: May 2024

This article analyzes quantitative data extracted from decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada as a way to provide a picture of the year 2019. More precisely, this paper focuses on Côté J. and her contribution to the Court. It also looks at the Court’s trends in 2019 with a gender lens and thus expands on existing literature. Guided by two hypotheses, the article divides its analysis into three parts, which each examine a specific topic: dissents and concurrences (3.1), frequency of agreement (3.2), and majority authorship (3.3). The first hypothesis suggests that Côté J. is more likely to dissent and less likely to agree with her colleagues (measured through the frequency of agreement and participation, or lack thereof, with majority reasons). The second hypothesis builds on the first one and proposes that Côté J. is less likely to author a majority opinion. The first hypothesis found validation, whereas the second did not. While it is true that Côté J.’s contribution to the Court in 2019 can be examined through her dissents, we should note the following nuances: she (1) shared the top of the dissenting chart with Brown J.; (2) dissented in only one of the oral judgments in which she took part; (3) was chosen by the Chief Justice to be the voice of the Court for half of the unanimous decisions; and (4) had a majority authorship rate akin to her colleagues’ average. Finally, given our sample size, we could not conclude that gender had a definite impact either on concurrences and dissents, frequency of agreement, or majority authorship. This does not mean that no gender-related data is discussed in this paper.
Reconsidering Legal Pedagogy: Assessing Trigger Warnings, Evaluative Instruments, and Articling Integration in Canada’s Modern Law School Curricula
Authors: Jochelson Richard , Gacek James , Ireland David
Published: May 2024

Law schools are rethinking the form of instruction and the means of delivery, a discussion now at the fore of legal education. This pedagogical picture is not complete without understanding students’ fidelity to the human and social experience of law school. To further understand student experiences, a voluntary online survey was distributed to 103 first-year law students. Our findings on the use of trigger warnings, the use of 100 percent final examinations, and the integration of articling and clinical-based skills in law school education present an opportunity for law teachers to reconsider curriculum reform and conventional legal education. Legal curricula ought to contextualize law in its social impacts and this includes recognizing student experiences of trauma and vulnerability in the law classroom. Further, this recognition develops and supports important clinical skills, including participation, group work and deployment of empathy in legal settings. By recognizing student sensitivity and by implementing multiple assessments and skills-based learning and training, we argue that educators and students can work together towards common goals which benefit both the teaching and the learning of law.
What is Cultural Legal Studies?
Authors: Schulz Jennifer L.
Published: May 2024

What is Cultural Legal Studies?
The Duty as Legislative Counsel as Guardians of the Statue Book: Sui Generis or a Professional Duty of Lawyers?
Authors: Flavelle Martin Andrew
Published: May 2024

Legislative counsel—those who draft legislation for the executive or for legislative assemblies—are largely overlooked in the Canadian legal literature and case law. One respect in which legislative counsel appear to be unique is their duty as guardians or keepers of the statute book. This article argues that this Guardian duty is best understood as a professional duty of legislative counsel as lawyers. In the same way that all lawyers have professional duties as officers of the court, though these duties are most relevant to litigators, all lawyers have professional duties as officers of the statute book, though these duties are most relevant to legislative counsel. All lawyers, when drafting legislation, have particular component professional duties to encourage, discourage, and even refuse certain instructions. The article also considers law-society jurisdiction over legislative counsel, arguing that such jurisdiction is constrained by parliamentary privilege and federalism.
The Premier Should Not Also Be the Attorney General: Roncarelli v Duplessis Revisited as a Cautionary Tale in Legal Ethics and Professionalism
Authors: Flavelle Martin Andrew
Published: May 2024

From time to time, a Premier or Prime Minister appoints themself as Attorney General. In this article, I argue that this dual portfolio is inherently and incurably problematic and should be avoided and indeed prohibited. I do so from the perspective of legal ethics and professionalism. The springboard for my analysis is the conduct of Quebec Premier and Attorney General Maurice Duplessis in the classic case of Roncarelli v Duplessis. While there may well be perceived benefits that tempt Premiers to serve in the dual role, any lawyer who does so unavoidably violates his or her professional obligations. For this reason, I argue that law societies or legislatures, or both, should introduce an explicit prohibition against this dual role.
A Deposit in a Pre-Incorporation Transaction is Still a Deposit: A Comment on Benedetto v 2453912 Ontario Inc
Authors: MacPherson Darcy L.
Published: May 2024

In Benedetto,the promoter of a pre-incorporation transaction argued that a deposit had to be returned to him when the transaction did not close. His reason was that there was language in the agreement to indicate that he was invoking the protection of subsection 21(4) of the Business Corporations Act (Ontario).The Court refused.
While I agree with the ultimate result in the case, there are three basic issues that will be considered in this Comment. After laying out the reasoning of the Court of Appeal (in Part II), I turn to a fundamental concern that lies at the heart of my discomfort with this ruling, namely, my view that any deposit is inextricably intertwined with the contract that provides for it. This runs directly counter to the reasoning provided by the Court of Appeal (the focus of Part III). In Part IV, I suggest that there is a more direct route to deal with the issue of deposits in pre-incorporation transactions that use language that is reasonably considered a subsection 21(4) inclusion. Essentially my argument is three-fold. The first argument is one of contractual interpretation. Drawing upon both recent case law from the Supreme Court of Canada, as well as older case law from other courts, I suggest that a proper interpretation of the contract at issue (and others like it) would have led to a narrow interpretation of the language of the subsection 21(4) inclusion. Narrowly construed, the inclusion does not force the payment of the deposit, but also does not mandate its return. Second, the tort of deceit may also have a role to play here. I then suggest that there was in fact a third route that would have allowed the Court to refuse to return the deposit, namely, the law of restitution. Finally (in Part V), I will review the academic commentary that immediately followed the release of this judgment, suggesting that the Court of Appeal’s conclusion was problematic. I will suggest that the commentary, which criticizes the Court of Appeal, is itself flawed.
Bad Law: Rethinking Justice for a Postcolonial Canada
Authors: Jewers Justice Gerald
Published: May 2024

BOOK REVIEW: Bad Law: Rethinking Justice for a Postcolonial Canada
The Troubled History of the Defence of Duress and Excluded Offences: Could the Reasoned Use of Mitigation on Sentencing Prevent Duress from (Further) Becoming Archaic, Gendered, and Completely Inaccessible?
Authors: Chapman Frances E. , Lemieux Georgette
Published: May 2024

One of the most controversial, and least discussed, elements of the defence of duress is the list of excluded offences that appears in s. 17 of the Canadian Criminal Code. In the seminal cases of R v Ruzic and R v Ryan, the Supreme Court refused to address the excluded offences and left the discussion to “another day.” This article examines the historical development of the defence through the earliest case law and the writings of Sir James Fitzjames Stephen who was one of the first theorists on duress and a major figure in drafting the Criminal Code. Stephen’s dislike of the defence of duress seems to be the only reason for the statutorily restrictive defence. This article traces the few cases following Ryan using a historic lens and current perspective to determine what is next for the embattled defence, including the place for duress and mitigation upon sentencing.
Fitness to Stand Trial and Dementia: Considering Changes to Assessment to Meet Demographic Need
Authors: Sawich Shauna , Casiano Hygiea
Published: May 2024

Fitness to stand trial assessments conducted by forensic mental health specialists occur on a regular basis. The same standard has traditionally been used for close to thirty years. This paper examines an interesting case of a fitness assessment for a lawyer who was charged with a crime, which brings light to some facets of fitness assessments. Historically, it has been less common for individuals to be found unfit to stand trial related to Major Neurocognitive Disorder (Dementia) as compared to Psychotic Disorders. This lawyer’s medical conditions are discussed as well as their implications for an individual’s ability to be fit to stand trial. The criteria used in different legal decisions have varied in different cases. The variation has appeared to be related, at least in part, to the different diagnoses that may be impacting an individual at the time of their involvement with the legal system. We consider here the different interpretations of criteria related to fitness to stand trial, including the ability to communicate with counsel. Potential changes to fitness assessments will also be examined, including the idea of using standardized tools. The importance of these issues is made evident by the fact that Major Neurocognitive Disorder is becoming more prevalent, and these issues will likely be apparent more frequently in the future. A multi-disciplinary team approach may be an ideal way to examine the future direction of fitness assessments, including the involvement of allied health professionals.
The Devil’s Playground: A Case Study of Elgin-Middlesex Detention Centre (EMDC) Demonstrating the System Failings of the Ontario Corrections Regime
Authors: Kelly Nichole
Published: May 2024

Despite numerous calls to action from news outlets, prison activists, and incarcerated individuals themselves, the Ontario corrections regime continues to operate in an unlawful and inhumane manner. The last decade has seen the publication of several prison reform recommendations that are yet to be meaningfully implemented. This paper spotlights four serious issues that plague Ontario correctional institutions through the lens of one of the worst: Elgin-Middlesex Detention Centre. Through its discussion of death in custody, drugs in custody, inhumane conditions, and understaffing, this paper seeks to highlight the profound gap between our democratic aspirations and the lived reality of working and living in Ontario jails. This case study urges us to finally take action and implement the roadmap for reform that has already been provided.
Talking to Strangers: A Critical Analysis of the Supreme Court of Canada’s Decision in R v Mills
Authors: Buggie Chelsey
Published: May 2024

In R v Mills, an undercover officer acting without a warrant posed as a 14-year-old girl online and communicated with Mr. Mills through Facebook messages. The officer eventually arranged a meeting with, and arrested Mr. Mills who sought to have the message evidence excluded. 
The Supreme Court unanimously ruled to allow the evidence. However, only Justice Martin agreed that Mr. Mills’ s. 8 rights were engaged and infringed. This paper takes the position that the Mills decision is inconsistent with prior s. 8 jurisprudence regarding content neutrality and expectation of privacy in conversations. The type of sting operation used in Mills should have been classified as participant surveillance requiring a warrant.
In Mills, the Supreme Court unduly adjusted the balance of power to favour law enforcement. The result of the Mills decision is that law enforcement may continue to use this investigative technique unregulated, and unencumbered. Such an adjustment in favour of law-enforcement is not justified. Other investigative techniques are available to law enforcement and obtaining a warrant would not unduly hinder child luring investigations. Failure to oversee these operations could have a potential chilling effect on legitimate online relationships and reinforce stereotypes about hypersexualized youth online.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DE FATORES ORGANIZACIONAIS NO ACESSO RÁPIDO ÀS TERAPIAS DE REPERFUSÃO NO AVC ISQUÊMICO.
Authors: Rodrigues Anna Carolina Gonçalves , Coelho Gabriela Rezende , Souza Jayana Rodrigues Lucas , Souza Júlia Fonseca Coelho de
Published: May 2024

Introdução: Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é a segunda principal causa de morte, contribuindo para 11,6% dos óbitos mundiais segundo a Global Burden of Disease Study. A etiologia isquêmica é respons
FATORES DE RISCO DE ENGASGO ESPECÍFICOS DA POPULAÇÃO PEDIÁTRICA ENTRE ZERO E TRÊS ANOS.
Authors: Souza Júlia Fonseca Coelho de , Rodrigues Anna Carolina Gonçalves , Coelho Gabriela Rezende , Souza Jayana Rodrigues Lucas
Published: May 2024

Introdução: Os engasgos consistem no impedimento do fluxo adequado de ar nas vias aéreas em decorrência de uma obstrução por corpo/substância estranha. Tais episódios são uma das principais causas de
A AUTOMAÇÃO DO ATENDIMENTO AO CLIENTE ESTUDO DE CASO COM O MODELO GPT APLICADO AO TELEGRAM - TCC.
Authors:   , Azevedo Lucas , Gallindo Erick Jefferson Oliveira , Santos José Sérgio da Silva
Published: May 2024

As inovações tecnológicas têm impulsionado o crescimento econômico e
transformado a esfera dos negócios, e com o apoio da inteligência artificial tem se
destacado como uma tecnologia mais proeminente. No contexto de atendimento ao
cliente, a adoção de tecnologias, como o GPT (Transformador Pré-Treinado
Generativo) e o uso de plataformas como o Telegram, tem o potencial de melhorar a
qualidade dos serviços, reduzir custos operacionais e aumentar a competitividade
das empresas. Este artigo avalia o impacto da adoção do GPT no aprimoramento
das práticas de atendimento ao cliente via Telegram. Através de uma abordagem de
pesquisa aplicada qualitativa, quatro cenários de atendimento ao cliente foram
simulados em uma loja fictícia de móveis residenciais, avaliando a eficácia de um
ChatBot integrado ao GPT. Os resultados mostraram a necessidade de equilíbrio
entre a criatividade do modelo e a precisão das informações, especialmente em
contextos financeiros, no qual inconsistências podem afetar a confiança do cliente. O
estudo também identificou áreas de melhoria, como a gestão de estoque, e destacou
o desempenho positivo do ChatBot em fornecer informações precisas sobre as
características da empresa
Processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos do 6º ano
Authors: Backer Millk Sirregima Gomes de Menezes , Moura Luciana Teles
Published: May 2024

A publicação foi elaborada com materiais e dicas sobre mecanismos que proporcionam melhor rendimento dos alunos do 6º ano na aquisição da leitura e escrita.
ESTUDOS E PERSPECTIVAS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO, ARTES E CULTURA ATÉ 2034
Authors: Rossi Aparecida Rocha , Sousa Ariel Adorno de , Fernandes Carla Montuori , Batista Carlos , Prometi Daniela , Pereira Diana dos Reis Costa , Brandini Fernanda Salla , Borges Gessica Guiné , Francisco Gildete da S. Amorim Mendes , Castro Júnior Gláucio , Caldas Hellica Miranda Araujo , Vieira Ingrid Raíssa Lopes , Beladelli Júlia Maria , Scolaro Julian Monike , Dutra Larissa Rosso , Santos Luciene Gonçalves , Araújo Maicon Maciel Ferreira de , Silva Mara Aparecida da , Bertoluci Marcelo , Santos Marcia dos , Sobrosa Maria Gabriela do Carmo , Torquato Maria Socorro G. , Dias Mariana Sousa , Santos Marta Rocha , Santana Neemias Gomes , Costa Otávio Barduzzi da , Silva Sérgio Teixeira da , Sousa Thomas Vinicius Soares , Madureira Wellington de Souza
Published: May 2024

As últimas décadas trouxeram mudanças para a sociedade, especificamente para as áreas da educação, da arte e da cultura, impulsionadas pela contínua evolução tecnológica. Enquanto essas transformações oferecem oportunidades para o acesso, a criação e a experiência nesses domínios, elas ainda apresentam oportunidades e desafios significativos, a fim de evidenciarem uma diversidade cultural, promotora da inclusão de diversas vozes e perspectivas na criação e apresentação de arte e de cultura.
Ao contemplar o futuro, é crucial considerar tanto os potenciais positivos quanto os riscos associados à evolução tecnológica. As possibilidades e obstáculos emergentes desse avanço impactam diretamente nas dinâmicas políticas, econômicas, educacionais e culturais, tendo em vista que os indivíduos passam a incorporar novas práticas comportamentais em ambientes comunicativos emergentes, restringindo-se e direcionando suas ações cívicas em resposta aos efeitos tecnológicos.
A Critical Review on Some Recent Developments in Comparison of Biological Sequences
Authors: DK Bhattacharya
Published: May 2024

The present review highlights some of the very important contributions to non-alignment ways of comparing biological sequences, which may be genome sequences of nucleotides, protein sequences of amino acids, or sequences of protein secondary structures. The discussion centers around specific methods applicable to the comparison of three types of sequences. The methods of comparison of genome sequences are based on three pairs of biological groups of nucleotides; the same for protein sequences are based on either physio-chemical property values of amino acids or on classified groups of amino acids of different cardinalities obtained from the physio-chemical properties; the same for sequences of secondary structures of proteins are based on their sequential expressions of structure elements of cardinality three and four. Comparison is made in the time domain and also in the frequency domain. Different taxa of known phylogeny are considered for comparison. It tries to find out the specific method of comparison, which can show the exact phylogeny of the taxa. If a new sequence appears in the database, it becomes essential to know its phylogeny. For this purpose, a phylogenetic tree is drawn on the sequences of the known taxa together with this new sequence using the best possible method. If the species having this new sequence belongs to the old taxa, there is nothing to worry about. Otherwise, the species with the new sequence has to be studied separately. This is the general reason for the construction of a phylogenetic tree in any form of biological sequence comparison.
Types of formative feedback provided by technology teachers during practical assessment tasks
Authors: Loubser Nelé , Rauscher Willem , Blom Nicolaas
Published: May 2024

Technology learners require formative feedback from their teachers to aid them in structuring and solving design problems. Without such feedback, learners often do not explore sub-problems and are inclined to reproduce known and existing solutions. Due to a paucity of literature on formative feedback in technology classrooms, this study investigated the formative feedback types that teachers provide to learners during the problem-structuring and problem-solving phases. A qualitative case study design was employed to investigate such feedback from five technology teachers who supported their learners in solving ill-structured design problems. The findings indicate that teachers’ formative feedback consists predominantly of low-level questions, while generative design questions and low-level comments were the least observed. A deeper understanding of how formative feedback unfolds in a technology classroom may help teachers guide learners through problem structuring and solving. Further research is needed to determine the influence of formative feedback on learners’ design outcomes.
Empowering educators: A training for pre-service and in-service teachers on gender-sensitive STEM instruction
Authors: Hasenhütl Sabine , Luttenberger Silke , Macher Daniel , Eichen Lars , Eglmaier Marina Tanja Waltraud , Paechter Manuela
Published: May 2024

Starting early in life, children, especially girls, experience obstacles when it comes to developing interest in STEM. Although teachers face an important task in promoting girls (and boys) in STEM, they often encounter hurdles in doing so. A three-month-long training for pre- and in-service teachers in elementary education was developed to counter this phenomenon. An important training feature was teaching ideas for STEM classrooms. Teachers’ evaluation of the training and teaching ideas, changes in their self-concept, and elementary students’ assessment of the teaching ideas were investigated. Students rated the teaching ideas favorably, with no gender differences. Even though each idea incorporated relevant didactic features for gender-sensitive STEM instruction, the teachers rated certain ideas and contents more critically than others. Nevertheless, their assessments speak in favor of the training intervention, while also indicating gaps in teachers’ professional knowledge regarding gender-sensitive didactics. Implications for the design of STEM teacher education are outlined.
Study on Changes in the Language Situation of the Republic of Estonia during so-called Special Military Operation
Authors:   Korean Association Of Slavic Languages, f f
Published: May 2024

All three Baltic states considered the Soviet period an illegal occupation and, since gaining independence, have pursued the most hostile policy towards the Russian Federation. The use of Russian language was expanded during the Soviet period due to the migration of many Russians and Russian speakers, but since gaining independence, the three countries have designated each language of the titular nation as their state language and deprived official status of Russian language (a means of inter-ethnic communication) and ignored its very existence. This was especially aggravated after Russia's annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014 and a so-called Special Military Operation by Russian Federation in 2022. Russian repression and the ban on the use of the Russian language are noticeable in Estonia. Kaja Kallas (1977-), who was appointed Prime Minister of Estonia in January 2021, has been hostile towards Russia and Russian language and is the most hostile towards Russia in the world after a special military operation. Currently, the number of Russians living in Estonia is 306,801, accounting for 22.46% of Estonia's total population of 1,365,884, the largest population among ethnic minorities, and it is very difficult to drive out Russians and the Russian language at this point, but it is obvious that cooperation with neighboring countries, EU and NATO members will lead to a break with the Russian Federation. It is clear that this will soon lead to the assimilation of Russians and Russian-speaking users living in Estonia, or to their expulsion, which will also have a significant impact on neighboring Latvia.
Numerical Solution for Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Line Contact with Couple Stress Fluid as Lubricant
Authors: B. Awati Vishwanath , Kumar N Mahesh , M. Bujurke N.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the detail analysis of the influence of thermal and non-Newtonian aspects of lubricant (couple stress fluid) on EHL line contact as a function of slide-roll ratio is presented. The novel low complexity FAS(Full approximation scheme), of  Multigrid scheme, with Jacobi dipole and Gauss Seidel relaxationis used for the solution of coupled equations viz.modified Reynolds equation, film thickness equation and energy equation satisfying  appropriate boundary conditions. The analysis reveals the combined influence of non-Newtonian, thermal and slide-roll ratio (of bearing movingwith different speeds) on pressure, film thickness and pressure spike covering wide range of physical parameters of interest. Results show that pressure spike is strongly influenced by thermal, slide-roll ratio and non-Newtonian character of lubricant with negligible effect on overall pressure distribution. Also, minimum film thickness is slightly altered and it increases with increase in couple stress parameter. These findings confirm the importance of non-Newtonian and thermal effects in the study of EHL.
Partes formularum e ‘consenso’ magistratuale*
Authors: Papa Giovanni
Published: May 2024

L’indagine offre una rilettura delle testimonianze della giurisprudenza e della cancelleria imperiale attestanti il potere del magistrato giusdicente di impedire l’inserimento dell’eccezione ovvero della replica all’interno della formula. Rilettura volta anche a ricostruire il (possibile) andamento della ‘manovra’ giudiziale sfociante nella menzionata decisione di negare il rimedio impetrato.
Dichotomy of the Roman Financial World (J. Andreau) and Some Recent Trends of Roman Studies on Economy and Law
Authors: Koba Akira
Published: May 2024

Per valutare i meriti e i limiti dei nuovi studi sull’economia e il diritto romano, ispirati a alcune recenti teorie economiche, è efficace rivedere la tesi principale di Jean Andreau, secondo cui c’erano due mondi finanziari all’inizio dell’era del Principato: quello dell’aristocrazia terriera imperiale con i suoi dipendenti (WI) e quello dei banchieri professionisti attivi nelle vicinanze funzionali delle città municipali (WII). L’approccio dei costi di transazione dei nuovi studi è adatto a dimostrare la razionalità economica relativa delle organizzazioni interne come unità di WI, composte da dipendenza personale, anche se non è sufficiente per tenere in considerazione fattori come il possesso e le garanzie reali. D’altro canto, il livello del diritto contrattuale classico è al di fuori della portata di questo approccio. Inoltre, i nuovi studi mancano di una seria critica delle fonti e, di conseguenza, non sono in grado di analizzare le tensioni e i conflitti tra WI e WII, e a maggior ragione il dinamismo storico della loro genesi.
Ordinare il caos Parte II: Cormenin e l’indipendenza italiana
Authors: Fioravanti Marco
Published: May 2024

Dopo aver affrontato, nella prima parte del saggio, il contributo di Cormenin alla formazione del diritto amministrativo e di una coerente teoria della centralizzazione amministrativa, in questa seconda parte si esamineranno temi, poco noti, legati al 1848 in Europa e alle sue interlocuzioni, in questo drammatico ed effervescente momento storico, con i principali protagonisti del momento, primo fra tutti Alexis de Tocqueville. Inoltre si approfondiranno i rapporti di Cormenin, ancora meno studiati, con il processo di indpendenza italiana, al quale, partecipò in maniera diretta e indiretta, contribuendo, non senza contraddizioni, alla progettazione costituzionale di un’Italia federale e alla teorizzazione della sovranità popolare e del potere costituente.
Serebral Palsili Çocuklarda Arcus Pedis Farklılıklarının Denge Üzerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Urhan Ahmet Turan , Unur Erdoğan , Çevik Betül , Sönmezgöz Ergün
Published: May 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmada serebral palsili çocuklarda arcus pedis farklılıkların denge üzerine etkisi araştırılarak sağlıklı çocuklara göre farklılıkların olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Yaşları 7-10 yıl arasında değişen, 15 hemiplejik tip serebral palsili normal ayak arkusuna sahip çocuk, 15 hemiplejik tip serebral palsili pes planus deformitesine sahip çocuk, 15 sağlıklı normal ayak arkusuna sahip çocuk ve 15 sağlıklı pes planus deformitesi olan çocuk araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada denge düzeyini değerlendirmek ve karşılaştırmak için, pediatrik denge skalası kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar: Hemiplejik tip serebral palsili çocuklarda, sağlıklı çocuklara göre pediatrik denge skalasının tandem duruş pozisyonu, tek ayak üzeri durma, kollar gergin ileriye doğru uzanma kazanımları ve toplam skor değerlerinde anlamlı düzeyde azalma tespit edilmiştir (p
ÇEVRİMİÇİ ÇOCUK İSTİSMARI RİSKİ ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNE UYARLANMASI
Authors: Aktu Yahya
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı Çevrimiçi Çocuk İstismar Riski Ölçeği’nin (ÇİR) Türk ergen örnekleminde geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Çalışmaya yaşları 13 ila 18 arasında değişen 324 ergen katılmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini belirlemek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, ortalama açıklanan varyans, birleşik güvenilirlik ve ölçüt geçerliği çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Güvenilirlik analizleri için Cronbach alpha iç tutarlılık ve Spearman-Brown iki yarı güvenilirliği katsayıları ile üst ve alt %27’lik gruplar arasındaki bağımsız gruplar t-testi sonuçları hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular 8 maddeli ve 2 boyutlu ÇİR’in kabul edilebilir uyum iyiliği indekslerine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. ÇİR ile Benlik Saygısı ve Aile Desteği arasında negatif ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı .90 ve iki yarı güvenirliği .79 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Üst ve alt %27’lik gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, ÇİR’in Türkiye’deki ergenler arasında çevrimiçi istismar riskini ölçmek için güvenilir ve geçerli bir araç olduğu görülmüştür.
Pelaksanaan Lapak Baca di Desa Tarung Manuah dalam Meningkatkan Minat Baca pada Siswa SDN-1 Tarung Manuah
Authors: Kurniawan Usup , Istiqamah Sarifatul , Anggreiningrum Septiani Ade , Mahfudz Muhammad Ali , Alvanajati Nor , Astuti Yulia , Sari Nur Pita , Ilmiani Aulia Mustika , Awaliyah Saidatul , Musyarofah Lailatul , Rahmadani Wendy , Musyarofah Lailatul , Alvanajati Nor , Alvanajati Nor , Sari Nur Pita , Sari Nur Pita , Ilmiani Aulia Mustika , Ilmiani Aulia Mustika
Published: May 2024

SDN-1 Tarung Manuah merupakan pendidikan formal yang ada di Desa Tarung Manuah yang memiliki beberapa siswa yang masih belum bisa membaca secara lancar dan ruang perpustakaan yang tidak memadai.  Sehingga fokus penelitian ini adalah pada peningkatan minat baca pada anak usia Sekolah Dasar di Desa Tarung Manuah. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan minat baca dan semangat belajar anak-anak Sekolah Dasar Desa Tarung Manuah.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Strategi pelaksanaan kegiatan ini terdapat 4 tahapan yaitu pertama Pra-Kegiatan, yaitu melakukan kordinasi di lokasi pengabdian, kedua Tahap Persiapan, yaitu mempersiapkan bahan kegiatan, ketiga Tahap Pelaksanaan, yaitu melaksanakan kegiatan lapak  baca, keempat Tahap Refleksi, yaitu refeksi/evaluasi dan memberikan rekomendasi terhadap kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan. Hasil dari kegiatan lapak baca di Desa Tarung Manauh yaitu dapat meningkatkan minat baca anak-anak SDN-1 Tarung Manuah dengan dibuktikannya antusias peserta yaitu 97% sangat setuju dapat membangun semangat membaca dan 3% setuju dapat membangun semangat membaca. Serta akan membiasakan diri untuk membaca setelah kegiatan lapak baca ini yaitu, 80,6% sangat setuju dan 10,4% setuju.
Freeports, elites, and loopholes
Authors: Krell Michael , Meyer Frank
Published: May 2024

The globalized trade in artworks has undergone significant changes since the end of the Cold War: While its former Western centres, such as New York and London, continue to dominate the discourse on high price segments with well-attended art fairs and influential auction houses, new actors challenge these former major players, new customers push into the market, and inflationary price increases have been recorded in recent years. From the perspective of systematic geographical research, however, this field of economically globalized trade has been largely neglected so far. With the help of a systematic literature analysis, this article examines the existing knowledge on the globalized art market across disciplines and systematises it with the help of the so-called TPSN model along the spatial categories of territory, place, scale, and network. Based on this analysis, we developed five core findings of the globalized art market that can serve as a foundation for future geographical research projects.
Capsule Dosage Forms Containing Natural Antioxidant Microcapsules of Cantigi Extract
Authors: Kosasih Kosasih , Weningtyas Fitri
Published: May 2024

Microencapsulation technology in product development of the food, beverage, and health sectors may provide innovative products with better stability, functionality, and prolonged releases. This study aims to formulate capsule dosage forms containing natural antioxidant microcapsules of Cantigi extract and analyze slow-release profiles. Three microcapsule formulations (F1, F2, and F3) were made by solvent evaporation method using ethyl cellulose coating and characterized for color, odor, particle size, shape, recovery, moisture content, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, density, and antioxidant activities. Then, three capsule dosage forms (FI, FII, and FIII) of microcapsules of the most potent antioxidant activity, microcrystalline cellulose, and colloidal silicon dioxide. The results showed that the most potent microcapsules were F1, while the most potent capsule dosage forms were FIII. FIII provides the slowest release compared with FI and FII. By analyzing the kinetics of FIII using zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Kosmeyer-Peppas models, the release profile of FIII is the best fit with the first-order model kinetics, consistent with a previous study. Moreover, all capsule dosage forms have a biphasic slow-release profile for 60 minutes. The conclusion is that this study can prepare hard-gelatin capsule dosage forms containing natural antioxidant microcapsules of cantigi extract with first-order and biphasic slow-release profiles.
White Flag Typography
Authors: Burnett Sophia
Published: May 2024

White Flag Typography proposes a taxonomy of non-standard minuscule use (e.g., following a full-stop in Latin script languages, or when used for the 1SG in English: ); the thesis being that they are deployed in Computer Mediated Communications by social actors for their attenuative effects in the absence of universal non-lexical markers. Non-lexical markers for emphasis abound; all caps, underlining, italics, exclamation marks—hence we posit that social media users, especially in the English language which has a small script inventory, only one 1SG, no speech levels, and zero diacritics, are implementing attenuative variation to pragmatic ends. This thesis analyses the phenomenon using qualitative and quantitative methods, and adopts a usage, not user based social stratification in order to propose a taxonomy of six different usages under the novel term White Flag Typography. Each of these taxa is analysed in separate chapters to reveal their idiosyncrasies: indexicality, aural implicature, sociophonetic enregisterment, visual iconicity, syntactic/semantic interface disruption, and possible reflective function impairment marking.
तमू संस्कृतिको समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययन
Authors: तमू Tamu गौरी Gauri
Published: May 2024

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा प्रजाति, परिवेश र क्षणका आधारमा तमू (गुरुङ) संस्कृतिको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्रजाति, परिवेश र क्षणका आधारमा कुनै पनि जातिका जातीय संस्कृतिको अध्ययन गरेर उक्तजातिका जातिगत विशेषताहरू रहनसहन, चाडपर्व, वेशभूषा, विश्वास तथा जीवनदर्शन बारे जानकारी पाउन सकिन्छ भन्ने मान्यता रहेको छ । यही मान्यताका आधारमा यस अध्ययनमा ल्होसार अर्थात्त तमू जातिमा नयाँ वर्ग र वर्षको सुरुवात हुने दिन, पय अर्थात् मृत्यु संस्कार र रोधीं अर्थात् तमू जातिको ऐतिहासिक सांस्कृतिक धरोहरको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । गुरुङ जाति संसारको जुनसुकै ठाउँमा बसोबास गरे तापनि उनीहरूले प्रारम्भिक जीवनकालमा सिकेका जातिगत विशेषताहरू खानपिन, चाडपर्व, संस्कार, संस्कृति, प्रकृति र पितृप्रतिको विश्वास र जीवनदर्शनको अनुसरण गरिरहेका हुन्छन् । समयक्रमसँगै ती संस्कृतिको मौलिकतामा ह्रास आएको हुन्छ भन्ने तथ्य यस अध्ययनबाट पुष्टि भएको छ । परिवेशले गुरुङ जातीय भूगोल, हावापानी, समाज, कला र सिपको पहिचान दिन्छ भन्ने कुराको पुष्टिसँगै उक्त संस्कृति लोप समेत बनाउँछ भन्ने प्रमाण रोधींको समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त भएको छ । युग वा क्षणले संस्कार, संस्कृति र जीवनदर्शनलाई नै प्रभाव पार्ने र क्रमशः मौलिक विधिविधानमा ह्रास आउने भएकाले मौखिक रूपमा रहेको तमू प्ये (शास्त्र), ल्होसार, रोधीं लगायतका गुरुङ संस्कार र संस्कृतिलाई लिपिबद्घ गनुपर्ने निष्कर्ष यस अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त भएको छ ।
गीताका सामाजिक मूल्यमान्यता र सिद्धान्तहरू
Authors: पाण्डे Pandey युव राज Yubaraj
Published: May 2024

भगवद्गीतालाई वेद, उपनिषद् र पुराणको सारका रूपमा लिइन्छ । यसलाई पूर्वीय दर्शनको सबैभन्दा स्पष्ट र सबैभन्दा पूर्ण सारांशका रूपमा समेत लिइन्छ । त्यसैले भगवद्गीताले दर्शनशास्त्र, धर्मशास्त्र वा कर्तव्यशास्त्र, नीतिशास्त्र, अर्थशास्त्र, व्यवस्थापनविज्ञान, मनोविज्ञान र समाज शास्त्र वा समाजविज्ञान आदि ज्ञानका विभिन्न आयाम वा विधाहरूलाई सूत्रबद्ध ढङ्गले प्रस्तुत गरेको छ भन्नेकुरा अध्येता र अनुसन्धाताहरूले बताउने गरेका छन् । प्रस्तुत सन्दर्भमा भगवद्गीताले समेटेका महत्वपूर्ण सामाजिक मूल्यमान्यताहरू र सिद्धान्तहरूको पहिचान तथा व्याख्या विश्लेषणलाई यस अध्ययनले आफ्नो विषयवस्तुको रूपमा लिएको छ । अध्ययनका लागि भगवद्गीताका विषयमा लेखिएका पुस्तक, पुस्तिका, लेखरचना र अनुसन्धानप्रतिवेदनहरू सूचनाका महत्वपूर्ण  स्रोतका रूपमा रहेका छन् । प्रश्नावली र अन्तर्वार्ताको माध्यमबाट प्राथमिक सूचना वा तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गर्ने कामसमेत भएको छ । यसरी साङ्खिकीय पद्धतिको प्रयोगसमेत गरिएको भए पनि यस अध्ययनमा विश्लेषणात्मक वा गुणात्मक अध्ययन विधि नै मुख्य अध्ययन विधिको रूपमा रहेको छ । अध्ययनबाट भगवद्गीताले मानिसको सामाजिक व्यवहारलाई निर्देशित गर्ने केही ठोस सिद्धान्तहरू अघि सारेको छ भन्ने कुरा स्पष्ट हुन्छ । कर्मयोगको सिद्धान्त,ज्ञानयोगको सिद्धान्त, साङ्ख्ययोगको सिद्धान्त,कार्य/कर्म वा लक्ष्यप्रति पूर्ण प्रतिवद्धता (भक्तियोग) को सिद्धान्त, लोकसङ्ग्रहको सिद्धान्त, सर्वभूत हितकोसिद्धान्त, यज्ञको नवीन सिद्धान्त वा जनता वा समाजको निःस्वार्थ सेवाको (सेवायज्ञको) सिद्धान्त, असल आचरण र सत्यनिष्ठाको सिद्धान्त, स्वास्थ्यरक्षा र स्वास्थ्य सुधारको सिद्धान्त आदिलाई भगवद्गीताले अङ्गिकार गरेका महत्वपूर्ण सामाजिक मूल्य र सिद्धान्तको रूपमा यस अध्ययनले पहिचान गरेको छ । दृढनिश्चयको सिद्धान्त र अभ्यासयोगको सिद्धान्तजस्ता मानिसलाई जीवनको उद्देश्य सफल पार्न मद्दत गर्ने सिद्धान्तहरूको पनि भगवद्गीताले विश्लेषण गरेको छ । यस अध्ययनले भगवद्गीताले अघि सारेका सबै सामाजिक मूल्यहरूको विश्लेषण गर्न नसकेको भए पनि भगवद्गीताका सामाजिक मूल्य–मान्यता र सिद्धान्तहरू वर्तमान युगमा पनि सान्दर्भिक छन् र मानिसको पथप्रदर्शन गर्न सक्षम छन् भन्नेकुरा प्रमाणित गर्न भने सफल छ । त्यसैले भगवद्गीताको आग्रहरहित भएर अध्ययन तथा विश्लेषण गरेर यसका जीवनोपयोगी र समाजोपयोगी मूल्यहरूलाई व्यवहारमा उतार्न जरुरी छ ।
थाङ्मी जातिको पहिचानको आन्दोलनमा प्रतिनिधिमूलक सामाजिक सङ्घसंस्थाको भूमिका
Authors: थामी Thami टहल Tahal
Published: May 2024

वञ्चितीकरणबाट उन्मुक्ति, राज्यमा बराबरीको साझेदारी र अधिकार प्राप्तिका लागि नेपालका अन्य आदिवासीहरूले झैँ थाङ्मी समुदायले पनि सङ्गठित रूपमा खुला राजनीतिक वातावरणमा आवाज उठाउन थालेको करिब साँढे तीन दशक भएको छ । यस लेखमा त्यो प्रयासको सङ्क्षिप्त लेखाजोखा गरिएको छ । सामाजिक संस्थाको गठन, विघटन, पुनर्गठन हुँदै हालसम्म आइपुग्दा साझा सङ्गठन निर्माण गरी सामूहिक अधिकारको वकालतका लागि सङ्गठन निर्माण भएको भए तापनि नीजी स्वार्थ, राजनीतिक दाउपेच र दलीयकरणका कारण विशुद्ध सामुदायिक अधिकारभन्दा पनि व्यक्तिहरूको राजनीतिक पृष्ठभूमि निर्माणको थलोका रूपमा स्थापित हुन थालेको छ । तसर्थ निष्पक्ष, स्वतन्त्रर सामूहिक स्वार्थ प्रेरित नेतृत्व विना प्रतिनिधिमूलक सङ्गठनहरूले राज्यमा सामूहिक अधिकार सुनिश्चित्त गराउन नसक्ने दृष्टान्त थाङ्मी प्रतिनिधिमूलक संस्थाबाट सिक्न सकिन्छ ।
नारायण वत्सको वैदिककालीन नारीको परिचयमा नारीको स्वरूप र सामाजिक भूमिका
Authors: रेग्मी Regmi अमृता Amrita
Published: May 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखमा नारायण वत्सको वैदिककालीन नारीको परिचय (२०८०) पुस्तकको आधारशिलामा वैदिककालीन नारीहरूका कथामार्फत त्यस समाजमा नारीको सामाजिक अवस्था र भूमिकाको निरूपण गरिएको छ । यसमा वैदिककालीन नारीको सामाजिक स्थान र भूमिकाको मूल्याङ्कन गर्न मानवशास्त्री मोर्गनका मान्यता अनुसरण गर्दै एङ्गेल्सले प्रस्तुत गरेको समाज विकासको चरण र यी चरणमा नारीको सामाजिक स्थान र भूमिका सम्बन्धी मान्यतालाई सैद्धान्तिक मान्यताका रूपमा अनुसरण गरिएको छ । कृतिमा रहेका तथ्यहरूको विश्लेषण र मूल्याङ्कनमा आधारित यो अध्ययन गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको छ । यस पुस्तकले मानवसमाजको आदिम युगमा सृष्टिको निर्माणकर्ताका साथै बुद्धि प्रदायक, ऐश्वर्यप्रदायक, सुरक्षण संहारकका रूपमा रहेर नारीहरूले महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निर्वाह गरेका थिए । यो तथ्यमार्फत वैदिककालीन समाजमा नारीको सामाजिक स्थान र भूमिका सर्वोच्च भएको चिन्तन प्रतिपादन गरेको छ । यस पुस्तकमा आएका वैदिककालीन नारीहरूका कथाहरूले त्यस समयमा शक्तिस्वरूपा ईश्वरीय नारीहरू महाकाली, महालक्ष्मी, महासरस्वती आदि रहेका थिए ।उनीहरूका विविध स्वरूपहरू नै समाज सञ्चालनको प्रमुख शक्तिका रूपमा स्तुत्य रहेको चित्रण गरिएको छ । मानवीय रूपमा आएका नारीहरू पनि सामाजिकरूपमा सम्मानित नै रहेका थिए । तर उनीहरूको भूमिका एकनिष्ठ विवाह अन्तर्गतको पारिवारिक दायित्व निर्वाहमा बढी केन्द्रित हुँदै गएको अवस्थालाई चित्रित गरेका छन् । यस कृतिमा प्रस्तुत नारीपात्रहरूका कथामार्फत वैदिककालीन समाजको अध्ययन गर्दा समाज विकासको आदिम युग मातृसत्तात्मक रहेको चित्रण गरिएको छ । यसबाट आर्थिक, सामाजिक, शैक्षिक लगायत सबै संरचनाकोकेन्द्रमा नारीहरू रहेको स्पष्ट हुन्छ । समाजमा क्रमशः विकसित भएका विवाह र एकनिष्ठ पारिवारिक संरचनाको विकाससँगै समाज बिस्तारै पितृसत्तात्मक युगमा अगाडि बढेकाले नारीको सामाजिक, आर्थिक आदि स्थान र भूमिका खुम्चिँदै गएको अवस्थाको मूल्याङ्कन भएको छ ।
पारिवारिक कानुनको समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययन
Authors: पोख्रेल Pokhrel विमल Bimal
Published: May 2024

कानुनशास्त्र समाज विज्ञानको एउटा अभिन्न अङ्ग हो । यसका दर्जनौँ शाखा, उपशाखाहरू रहेका छन् । पारिवारिक कानुन देवानी कानुनको शाखाका रूपमा रहेको छ । व्यक्ति, परिवार र समाजलाई व्यवस्थित गर्ने र विभिन्न तरिकाले उत्पन्न विवाद समाधान गर्ने उद्देश्यका लागि निर्माण भएका कानुनहरू पारिवारिक कानुन हुन् । यसमा पारिवारिक सम्बन्ध, सम्पत्ति, खाना, कपडा, बसोबास, अशक्त र वृद्धवृद्धाहरूको स्याहारसुसार, औषधि, उपचार,बालबालिकाको शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य आदि पर्दछन् । व्यक्तिका भौतिक, सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, आर्थिक तथा भावनात्मक सम्बन्ध आदि कुरा जोडिएका हुन्छन् । परिवारलाई व्यावहारिक, वैज्ञानिक, आधुनिकतथा व्यवस्थित बनाउन, पारिवारिक विवाद समाधान गर्न र समाधान हुन नसकेको अवस्थामा न्यायिक तथा अर्धन्यायिक निकायबाट छिटोछरितो समाधान तथा निरूपण गर्नका लागि पारिवारिक कानुनको आवश्यकता पर्दछ । पारिवारिक कानुन कार्यान्वयन गर्नका लागि पारिवारिक अदालत, पारिवारिक इजलास वा न्यायिक समिति गठन गरिन्छ । पारिवारिक अदालतका फाइलहरू तहकिकात हुँदाका बखत कानुनी प्रावधान र आवश्यकता अनुसार गोप्य राखिन्छन् । कानुनद्वारा तोकिएको कार्यविधि मार्फत समस्या वा मुद्दाको न्यायिक निरूपण गरिन्छ । पारिवारिक सद्भाव, व्यक्तित्वको सर्वाङ्गीण विकास, इज्जत, प्रतिष्ठा, सम्पत्तिको संरक्षण, सामाजिक सुरक्षा, रीतिरिवाज, भाषा, धर्म, संस्कार, संस्कृतिको संरक्षणजस्ता विषयहरूलाई कानुनका माध्यमबाट सम्बोधन गर्दै चेतनशील, उन्नत, व्यवहारिक र वैज्ञानिक समाजको निर्माण गर्न पारिवारिक कानुनको महत्व रहेको हुन्छ । पारिवारिक कानुनले व्यक्ति परिवार, समाज, राष्ट्र र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदालाई जोड्ने काम गर्दछ ।
भक्तपुरका मल्लकालीन नेवार जात्राको सांस्कृतिक महत्व
Authors: कायस्थ Kayastha बलराम Balaram
Published: May 2024

ऐतिहासिक नगर भक्तपुरमा बर्सेनि अनेक प्रकारका जात्राहरू मनाइन्छ । आफ्नै माटो, परिवेश र परम्परामा आधारित यस्ता अधिकांश जात्राहरू विभिन्न देवदेवी वा मठमन्दिरसँग सम्बन्धित रहने हुनाले तिनको महत्व पनि धर्म र पुण्य प्राप्त गर्ने धार्मिक उद्देश्यमा मात्र केन्द्रित रहेको जस्तो देखिन्छ । तर वास्तवमा धार्मिक–आध्यात्मिक पक्षको मात्र महत्व नभएर जात्राका बेला गरिने विविध सांस्कृतिक क्रियाकलापले समाजलाई परोक्ष रूपमा अनेक व्यावहारिक सामाजिक सन्देश समेत दिइरहेको हुन्छ । यसका साथै स्थानीय संस्कृतिको प्रवर्धन, पर्यटनको विकास, मनोरञ्जनको स्तर, सबल आर्थिक स्थिति जस्ता विविध पक्षहरूको परिचय पनि प्रस्तुत गरिरहेको हुन्छ । वस्तुतः ऐतिहासिक कालदेखि प्रचलनमा रहेका यस्ता जात्रापर्वहरू रूढि थाम्ने परम्परा मात्र होइनन् । यसका पछाडि अनेकौँ रहस्यले भरिएका दर्शन र अभिप्रायहरू पनि लुकेका छन् । ती दर्शन र अभिप्राय गहन रूपले बुझ्न नसक्दा आफ्नो संस्कृति के हो भन्ने थाहा नहुन सक्दछ । आफ्नै संस्कृति थाहा नभएपछि व्यक्तिले आफूलाई अरू समक्ष प्रस्तुत गर्न सक्दैन । अतः राष्ट्रको मौलिक पहिचानका रूपमा रहेका स्थानीय जात्राहरूको संरक्षण गर्न अति जरुरी देखिन्छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन यसै विषयवस्तुमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ ।
सांस्कृतिक सम्पदासहितको शिक्षण: सम्पदा पुस्तान्तरण
Authors: धिमाल Dhimal सोमबहादुर Sombahadur
Published: May 2024

विश्वसम्पदा महासन्धि १९७२ र अमूर्त  सांस्कृतिक सम्पदा महासन्धि २००३ को नेपालपक्ष राष्ट्र बनेको छ । विश्वसम्पदाले मानव निर्मित भौतिक वा मूर्त सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाहरू धरहरा,सङ्ग्रहालय तथा स्मारक, वास्तुकलाकृति, चित्रकला तथा मूर्तिकला; ऐतिहासिक भवनहरू, प्राकृतिक सम्पदाहरू आदि सरोकार पक्षहरूको प्रवर्धन, संरक्षण र पुर्खाको ज्ञान पुस्तान्तरणमा जोड दिन्छ । अमूर्त सांस्कृतिक सम्पदा अन्तर्गत अमूर्त सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाको संवाहकको रूपमा भाषासहितका मौखिक परम्पराहरू तथा अभिव्यक्तिहरू, अभिनय कलाहरू,सामाजिक व्यवहारहरू, अनुष्ठानहरू र चाडपर्वका उत्सवहरू, प्रकृति तथा विश्व ब्रह्माण्डसँग सम्बन्धित ज्ञान तथा व्यवहारहरू पर्दछन् । यसले परम्परागत कलाकौशलहरू, पाकशिक्षा, योगा, ध्यान, दर्शन,जीवनोपयोगी शिक्षा र खेलकुदसँग जोडिएका मूल्यमान्यता, ज्ञान, सिप, कला, प्रविधि, नवपर्वतन सोच र सिद्धान्त विकास गर्दछ । सामाजिक, आर्थिक, सांस्कृतिक, धार्मिक पक्षहरू, विश्वदृष्टिकोण, लोकवार्ता, समुदाय र अभ्यासकर्ता, दिगो विकास, उद्यमशीलता र जीविकोपार्जन, सम्पदा पुस्तान्तरण, प्रवर्धन र संरक्षणका कुराहरूमा जोड दिन्छ । समुदायका सवालहरू दिगो विकास साथै अभ्यासकर्ताहरूको जीविकोपार्जन, पुस्तान्तरण गर्नु छ भने शिक्षामा जोड्नुको विकल्प छैन् । संस्कृति समयकाल, राज्यव्यवस्था र नीति, समाज, परिवेश र वातावरण, मूल्यमान्यता र प्रचलित कानुनका आधारमा भिन्नता पाइन्छ । यो निरन्तर परिवर्तनशील प्रक्रिया हो । सिकाइ जन्मेदेखि नमरुञ्जेलसम्म निरन्तर चलिरहन्छ । संस्कृति सरोकार विभिन्न विधाहरूलाई संस्कृतिमय कक्षाकोठा शिक्षण, समुदाय र अभ्यासकर्ताको जीविकोपार्जन, उद्यमशीलता, पर्यटन,आर्थिक उपार्जन, दिगो विकास, सहअस्तित्व र दैनिक जीवनपद्धतिसँग जोड्नुपर्छ । यसले विश्वमा शान्ति र समृद्धिका प्रबल सम्भावनाहरू देखिन्छन् । संस्कृतिका दिगो विकास र पुस्ताहस्तान्तरण गर्नका लागि कक्षाकोठा, कलेज र विश्वविद्यालयको शिक्षामा अनिवार्य जोड्नु आवश्यक छ । पुस्तान्तरणको लागि सम्पदा शिक्षण आजको आवश्यकता हो ।
Exploring the Painting Artist Perceptions Towards Their Career Sustainability in Pokhara
Authors: Adhikari Ujjwal
Published: May 2024

This qualitative study investigates sustainable career perceptions among painting artists in Pokhara, utilizing pseudo names for participants: Ram, Hari, Purnima, and Kalpana. Through purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews was conducted to gather insights. Thematic analysis was applied to identify patterns and themes within the data. Ethical considerations, such as informed consent and participant confidentiality, was strictly followed. By employing these methods, this study shed light on the intricacies of sustaining an art career in Pokhara. This study reveals how personal passion and adaptability influence painting artists’ careers in Pokhara, emphasizing their contribution to personal fulfillment, the art community, and society. It underscores the importance of resilience, personal branding, financial awareness, and gender dynamics in navigating challenges. Art communities and organizations can use the insights of this study to develop collaborative initiatives that support artists, encourage networking, and nurture emerging talents, ultimately contributing to a thriving art community.