bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of resistance training on impulse above end‐test torque and muscle fatigue
Authors: de Menezes Bassan Natália , Denadai Benedito Sérgio , de Lima Leonardo Coelho Rabello , Caritá Renato Aparecido Corrêa , Abdalla Leonardo Henrique Perinotto , Greco Camila Coelho
Published: May 2019

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

What role do neuromuscular fatigue mechanisms play in resistance training‐induced adaptations of the impulse above end‐test torque (IET) after the training period?

What is the main finding and its importance?

IET and global and peripheral fatigue were increased after a short period of resistance training. Thus, resistance training‐induced adaptations in neuromuscular fatigue seem to contribute to enhanced IET after the training period.

Short‐term resistance training has a positive influence on the curvature constant of the power–duration relationship (W′). The physiological mechanism of W′ enhancement after resistance training is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether one‐leg maximal isometric resistance training influences (1) impulse above end‐test torque (IET; an analogue of W′) during a 5 min all‐out isometric test; and (2) exercise tolerance (limit of tolerance, Tlim) and neuromuscular fatigue during severe exercise (i.e. above end‐test torque; ET). Sixteen healthy active males participated in a 3‐week unilateral knee extensor resistance‐training programme, and 10 matched subjects participated as controls. The subjects were instructed to ramp up to 100% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) over 1 s, hold it for 3 s, and relax. Each repetition had a 2 s interval (10) and each set, a 2 min interval (3). MVC (18.6%) and muscle thickness (12.8%) were significantly improved after training. Significantly greater global (i.e. reduced MVC, 43.2 ± 13.5% vs. 58.9 ± 6.9%) and peripheral (51.7 ± 13.6% vs. 57.3 ± 15.3%) fatigue, IET (26%) and Tlim (92%) were obtained after resistance training. Moreover, both global (r = 0.57, P < 0.05) and peripheral fatigue (r = 0.55, P < 0.05) accrued during severe exercise were associated with IET. However, echo intensity, which reflects muscle quality, ET and central fatigue remained unchanged throughout the training period. No significant changes in the control group for any variable were observed. Resistance training‐induced adaptations in muscle size and neuromuscular fatigue seem to contribute to enhanced IET and Tlim after the training period.
Plasmids for Independently Tunable, Low-Noise Expression of Two Genes
Authors: Silva João P. N. , Lopes Soraia Vidigal , Grilo Diogo J. , Hensel Zach
Published: May 2019

Microbiologists often express foreign proteins in bacteria in order study them or to use bacteria as a microbial factory. Usually, this requires controlling the number of foreign proteins expressed in each cell, but for many common protein expression systems, it is difficult to “tune” protein expression without large cell-to-cell variation in expression levels (called “noise” in protein expression). This work describes two protein expression systems that can be combined in the same cell, with tunable expression levels and very low protein expression noise. One new system was used to detect single mRNA molecules by fluorescence microscopy, and the two systems were shown to be independent of each other. These protein expression systems may be useful in any experiment or biotechnology application that can be improved with low protein expression noise.
Recruitment, retention, and training of people with type 2 diabetes as diabetes prevention mentors (DPM) to support a healthcare professional-delivered diabetes prevention program: the Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study (NDPS)
Authors: Garner Nikki J , Pascale Melanie , France Kalman , Ferns Clare , Clark Allan , Auckland Sara , Sampson Michael
Published: May 2019

Objective

Intensive lifestyle interventions reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in populations at highest risk, but staffing levels are usually unable to meet the challenge of delivering effective prevention strategies to a very large at-risk population. Training volunteers with existing type 2 diabetes to support healthcare professionals deliver lifestyle interventions is an attractive option.

Methods

We identified 141 973 people at highest risk of diabetes in the East of England, screened 12 778, and randomized 1764 into a suite of type 2 diabetes prevention and screen detected type 2 diabetes management trials. A key element of the program tested the value of volunteers with type 2 diabetes, trained to act as diabetes prevention mentors (DPM) when added to an intervention arm delivered by healthcare professionals trained to support participant lifestyle change.

Results

We invited 9951 people with type 2 diabetes to become DPM and 427 responded (4.3%). Of these, 356 (83.3%) were interviewed by phone, and of these 131 (36.8%) were interviewed in person. We then appointed 104 of these 131 interviewed applicants (79%) to the role (mean age 62 years, 55% (n=57) male). All DPMs volunteered for a total of 2895 months, and made 6879 telephone calls to 461 randomized participants. Seventy-six (73%) DPMs volunteered for at least 6 months and 66 (73%) for at least 1 year.

Discussion

Individuals with type 2 diabetes can be recruited, trained and retained as DPM in large numbers to support a group-based diabetes prevention program delivered by healthcare professionals. This volunteer model is low cost, and accesses the large type 2 diabetes population that shares a lifestyle experience with the target population. This is an attractive model for supporting diabetes prevention efforts.
Assessing risks to paediatric patients: conversation analysis of situation awareness in huddle meetings in England
Authors: Hayes Jacqueline , Lachman Peter , Edbrooke-Childs Julian , Stapley Emily , Wolpert Miranda , Deighton Jessica
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To analyse the language and conversation used in huddles to gain a deeper understanding of exactly how huddles proceed in practice and to examine the methods by which staff members identify at-risk patients.

Setting

Paediatric wards in four English hospitals, which were part of a 12-hospital cohort participating in the Situation Awareness for Everyone programme. Wards varied by geographical region and type of hospital.

Participants

Paediatric staff on wards in four English hospitals.

Design

Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis of recorded safety huddles.

Methods

This study represents the first analysis of huddle interaction. All huddle meetings taking place on four wards across four different hospitals were audio recorded and transcribed. The research question examined was: how are staff identifying at-risk patients in huddles? The ethnomethodological conversation analytic approach was used to analyse the transcripts.

Results

Huddlers made use of categories that allowed them to efficiently identify patients for each other as needing increased attention. Lexicon included the use of ‘no concerns’, ‘the one to watch’, ‘watcher’ and ‘acute concerns’. Huddlers used the meetings to go beyond standardised indicators of risk to identify relative risk and movement in patients towards deterioration, relative to the last huddle meeting and to their usual practices. An implicit category, termed here ‘pre-concerns’, was used by staff to identify such in-between states. Sequential analysis also highlighted the conversational rights that were held implicitly by staff in different clinical roles.

Conclusion

Practical implications and recommendations for huddlers are considered. These included that for increased situation awareness, it is recommended that all staff are active in the huddle conversation and not only the most senior team members.
SAFE, a new therapeutic intervention for families of children with autism: study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: McKenzie Rebecca , Dallos Rudi , Stedmon Jacqui , Hancocks Helen , Vickery Patricia Jane , Ewings Paul , Barton Andy , Vassallo Tara , Myhill Craig
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Incidence of autistic traits, mental health problems, stress and poor coping is high among family members of children with autism. These problems are coupled with challenging behaviour among children with autism. Current treatment for these families is disjointed and costly. The need for whole family support is supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommendations, developments regarding children’s service provision, research and requests by families of children with autism. Despite evidence that family therapies can provide benefits to these families, efficacy has not been subject to a randomised controlled trial. Systemic Autism-related Family Enabling (SAFE) is a new family therapy intervention designed specifically for families of children with autism. We aim to establish the feasibility of running a fully powered randomised controlled trial to evaluate SAFE.

Methods and analysis

Families of children with autism aged 3–16 years will be invited to participate. Consenting participants will be randomised 2:1 to either SAFE+support as usual or support as usual alone. The proposed primary outcome measure for the main trial will be the Systemic CORE 15. Participants will also complete proposed secondary outcome measures, indexing changes in child behaviour, child-parent attachment, anxiety and depression. Generic health economic outcome measures (EuroQol 5 dimensions and Child Health Utility 9 Dimensions) will also provide data on the feasibility of cost-effectiveness analysis. Questionnaires will be completed at baseline and 32 weeks post-allocation. Data on ability to identify, recruit, randomise, retain and collect data from families, acceptability of outcome measures, adherence of therapists and families to the intervention, appropriateness of resource use questionnaires and effectiveness of training will be collected for feasibility analysis. Qualitative data will also explore acceptability of SAFE and reasons for declining and withdrawing from the study.

Ethics and dissemination

The current trial protocol received ethical approval from the South West-Exeter Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 17/SW/0192). The findings of the trial will be disseminated in collaboration with our Family Consultation Group and other partners. Findings will be shared locally, nationally and internationally through events, conferences and published papers.

Trial registration number

ISCTRN83964946 (Pre-results) IRAS 213527
User-testing an interactive option grid decision aid for prostate cancer screening: lessons to improve usability
Authors: Scalia Peter , Durand Marie-Anne , Faber Marjan , Kremer J A , Song Julia , Elwyn Glyn
Published: May 2019

Objective

To user-test a web-based, interactive Option Grid decision aid ‘prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: yes or no?’ to determine its usability, acceptability and feasibility with men of high and low health literacy.

Design

A semi-structured interview study.

Setting

Interviews were conducted at a senior centre, academic hospital or college library in New Hampshire and Vermont.

Participants

Individuals over 45 years of age with no history of prostate cancer who voluntarily contacted study authors after viewing local invitations were eligible for inclusion. Twenty interviews were conducted: 10 participants had not completed a college degree, of which eight had low health literacy, and 10 participants had high health literacy.

Intervention

An interactive, web-based Option Grid patient decision aid for considering whether or not to have a PSA test.

Results

Users with lower health literacy levels were able to understand the content in the tool but were not able to navigate the Option Grid independent of assistance. The tool was used independently by men with high health literacy. In terms of acceptability, the flow of questions and answers embedded in the tool did not seem intuitive to some users who preferred seeing more risk information related to age and family history. Users envisioned that the tool could be feasibly implemented in clinical workflows.

Conclusion

Men in our sample with limited health literacy had difficulty navigating the Option Grid, thus suggesting that the tool was not appropriately designed to be usable by all audiences. The information provided in the tool is acceptable, but users preferred to view personalised risk information. Some participants could envision using this tool prior to an encounter in order to facilitate a better dialogue with their clinician.

Ethics approval

The study received ethical approval from the Dartmouth College Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects (STUDY00030116).
Contemporary occurrence and aetiology of chronic leg ulcers in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Danwang Celestin , Tochie Joel Noutakdie , Mazou Temgoua Ngou , Nzalie Rolf Nyah Tuku , Bigna Jean Joel
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Chronic leg ulcers are known as a major and snowballing threat to public health and the global economy. In Africa, there is controversy on the dearth of studies reporting the epidemiology of chronic leg ulcers. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aim at synthesising the prevalence, incidence and aetiologies of this ailment in this continent from contemporary data.

Methods and design

We will include cohort studies, case–control, cross-sectional studies and case series with more than 30 participants. Electronical databases including African Journals Online, MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database and Web of knowledge, and grey literature will be searched for relevant abstracts of studies published and unpublished between 1 January, 2000, and 28 February, 2019, without language restriction. The review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Each study included in this review will be assessed for methodological quality. Clinically homogenous studies will be pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Visual inspection of funnel-plots and the Egger’s test will be used to investigate publication bias. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses will be performed to investigate the possible sources of heterogeneity.

Ethics and dissemination

The present study will be based on published data; therefore, ethical approval is not required. Result of the review will be presented at conferences, to relevant health authorities and will be published in a biomedical peer-reviewed journal.

Protocol registration number

CRD42018108250.
Applying the five-pillar matrix to the decade of action for road safety in Qatar: identifying gaps and priorities
Authors: Consunji Rafael , Mekkodathil Ahammed , Abeid Aisha , El-Menyar Ayman , Al-Thani Hassan , Sekayan Tsoler , Peralta Ruben
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the leading cause of preventable death in Qatar; consequently, the country has participated in the Decade of Action for Road Safety (DoARS) coordinated by the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration (UNRSC). Its goal is to reduce the number of road traffic deaths and injuries by 50% by 2020, by implementing road safety activities, in the areas of road safety management, safer roads, safer vehicles, safer road users and postcrash response, the five pillars. This study will evaluate the initiatives and programs implemented in Qatar, during the initial period of the DoARS.

Methods

A retrospective process evaluation of the compliance of national road safety activities in Qatar, with global indicators for the DoARS set by the UNRSC was conducted. A web-based online and electronic media search, in both official languages of Qatar: Arabic and English, for data and information on completed or ongoing road safety initiatives and activities implemented in Qatar, from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2016, was supplemented by personal consultation with relevant stakeholders in the road safety field.

Results

There was complete compliance for Pillars 1 (Road Safety Management) and 2 (Safer Roads), whereas Pillars 4 (Safer Road Users) and 5 (Postcrash Response) met most of the DoARS indicators, and Pillar 3 (Safer Vehicles) complied with none.

Conclusion

Qatar must continue to implement its present road safety activities within the Action Plan for the DoARS to achieve its goals by 2020. It must, however, implement more new efforts to require safer vehicles and make road users safer, especially those at the highest risk, that is, young drivers, occupants and workers.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Personal reflections on 50 years of funding via the Canadian academic research grant system
Authors: Steer Ronald P.
Published: May 2019

The year 2019 marks the 50th anniversary of the author’s first application for federal grant funds to support his independent academic research program at the University of Saskatchewan. Scientific and funding milestones are highlighted; a few personal observations are included.
Accurate analytic solution for ideal boson gases in a highly anisotropic two-dimensional harmonic trap
Authors: Cheng Ze , Man Jiang Hong
Published: May 2019

Motivated by quantum statistical mechanics, we propose an accurate analytical solution to the problem of Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of ideal bosons in a two-dimensional anisotropic harmonic trap. The study reveals that the number of noncondensed bosons is characterized by an analytical function, which relates to a series expansion of q-digamma functions in mathematics. The q-digamma function is a function of temperature, boson number, and anisotropic parameter. The analytical solution describes fully the experimental results of the BEC of ideal bosons in a two-dimensional anisotropic harmonic trap. We derive the analytical expressions of the critical temperature and the condensate fraction in the thermodynamic limit. The first main conclusion is that for a fixed temperature and boson number, there is a critical anisotropic parameter, which is the precise onset of BEC in this harmonically trapped two-dimensional system. The second main conclusion is that the critical temperature in a two-dimensional anisotropic harmonic trap is larger than that in a two-dimensional isotropic harmonic trap.
Effect of chronic corticosterone treatment on expression and distribution of serotonin 5-HT7 receptors in rat adrenal glands
Authors: Saroj Neeshu , Shanker Shiv , Fernández-Parilla Manuel A. , López-Sánchez Pedro , Terrón José A.
Published: May 2019

Sensitized stress-induced corticosterone (CORT) secretion in chronically stressed rats involves 5-HT7 receptor activation. The effect of 14-day chronic CORT and vehicle (VEH) administration on 5-HT7 receptor expression in adrenal glands, adrenal 5-HT content, and adrenocorticotropic hormone and CORT secretion was analysed. On day 15, VEH- and CORT-treated animals were perfused or decapitated without stress exposure (0 min) or after 10 and 30 min of restraint for collection of trunk blood and tissues. 5-HT7 receptor-like immunoreactivity (5-HT7R-LI), 5-HT7 receptor protein, and mRNA levels were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays, respectively; 5-HT levels and hormones were quantified using HPLC and ELISA kits, respectively. An undisturbed control group was included for most experimental comparisons. Chronic CORT strongly increased 5-HT7R-LI in the outer adrenal cortex, as well as 5-HT7 receptor protein and mRNA in whole adrenal glands; adrenal 5-HT content also increased in these animals. Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone and CORT secretion at 30 min of restraint occurred in CORT-treated rats. The results support the notion that chronic stress-induced increase of adrenocortical 5-HT7 receptors and adrenal 5-HT content is a glucocorticoid-dependent phenomenon; the development of magnified stress-induced 5-HT7 receptor-mediated CORT responses in chronically stressed animals nevertheless likely involves additional mechanisms.
Fermion-current basis and correlation functions for the integrable spin-1 chain
Authors: Babenko C. , Smirnov F.
Published: May 2019

We use the fermion-current basis in the space of local operators for the computation of the expectation values for the integrable spin chain of spins 1. Our main tool consists in expressing a given local operator in the fermion-current basis. For this, we use the same method as in the spin-1/2 case which is based on the arbitrariness of the Matsubara data.
ZAIGA: Zhaoshan long-baseline atom interferometer gravitation antenna
Authors: Zhan Ming-Sheng , Wang Jin , Ni Wei-Tou , Gao Dong-Feng , Wang Gang , He Ling-Xiang , Li Run-Bing , Zhou Lin , Chen Xi , Zhong Jia-Qi , Tang Biao , Yao Zhan-Wei , Zhu Lei , Xiong Zong-Yuan , Lu Si-Bin , Yu Geng-Hua , Cheng Qun-Feng , Liu Min , Liang Yu-Rong , Xu Peng , He Xiao-Dong , Ke Min , Tan Zheng , Luo Jun
Published: May 2019

The Zhaoshan long-baseline Atom Interferometer Gravitation Antenna (ZAIGA) is a new type of underground laser-linked interferometer facility, and is currently under construction. It is in the 200-m-on-average underground of a mountain named Zhaoshan which is about 80[Formula: see text]km southeast to Wuhan. ZAIGA will be equipped with long-baseline atom interferometers, high-precision atom clocks, and large-scale gyros. ZAIGA facility will take an equilateral triangle configuration with two 1-km-apart atom interferometers in each arm, a 300-m vertical tunnel with atom fountain and atom clocks mounted, and a tracking-and-ranging 1-km-arm-length prototype with lattice optical clocks linked by locked lasers. The ZAIGA facility will be used for experimental research on gravitation and related problems including gravitational wave detection, high-precision test of the equivalence principle of micro-particles, clock-based gravitational red-shift measurement, rotation measurement and gravitomagnetic effect.
OPTICAL, STRUCTURAL, AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF UNDOPED AND EUROPIUM DOPED ZnO
Authors: TOURI F. , SAHARI A. , ZOUAOUI A. , DEFLORIAN F. , GUERBOUS L.
Published: May 2019

Undoped and europium doped ZnO films were electrodeposited from precursor solution on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces. Undoped ZnO nanorods were successfully obtained and grown under diffusion control perpendicularly ([Formula: see text] axis) on the ITO surface. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a wurtzite structure with sizes of the hexagonal unit cell: [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å. After insertion of Eu[Formula: see text] into the ZnO matrix, XRD analysis shows a shift of preferential peak to lower angles (2[Formula: see text] indicating that a dislocation occurs into the unit cell with modification of its parameters. The grain sizes of doped ZnO decrease with increasing Eu[Formula: see text] rate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show a clear change of morphological structure from nanorods to a nanosheet structure. Photoluminescence tests clearly showed an improvement in emission bands and the corresponding intensities are important in Eu[Formula: see text] doped ZnO.
AES CHARACTERIZATION OF CONSTITUENTS’ OXIDATION STATE IN SPECTRALLY SELECTIVE TITANIUM-OXYNITRIDE COATINGS ON METALS FOR HIGH EFFICIENT SOLAR ABSORBERS
Authors: PETROVIČ DARJA STEINER , PETKOSKA ANKA TRAJKOVSKA , NASOV ILIJA , MANDRINO DJORDJE
Published: May 2019

In this study, a surface-sensitive Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) was used to comprehensively characterize titanium-oxynitride coatings on metals for high efficient solar absorbers. Primary information obtained from the AES is chemical composition, but chemical state of the elements may also be estimated. Corroborative information about the coating’s structure was obtained from the estimate of Cu, Al and Ti oxidation state vs depth, also derived from the AES data. Ti/(O [Formula: see text] N) concentration ratios vs depth in TiOXNY layer of the coatings on the Al and Cu substrate were also determined. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) was used to prepare TiOXNY multilayered on Al and Cu substrates. Individual layer’s depth was in submicron domain. Deposition procedure and corresponding deposition parameters are presented. Optical properties (emittance, absorptance) of the coatings on both substrate types were also measured to confirm that coatings performed well their intended function (i.e. spectral selectivity).
Elliptic surfaces over ℙ1 and large class groups of number fields
Authors: Gillibert Jean , Levin Aaron
Published: May 2019

Given a non-isotrivial elliptic curve over [Formula: see text] with large Mordell–Weil rank, we explain how one can build, for suitable small primes [Formula: see text], infinitely many fields of degree [Formula: see text] whose ideal class group has a large [Formula: see text]-torsion subgroup. As an example, we show the existence of infinitely many cubic fields whose ideal class group contains a subgroup isomorphic to [Formula: see text].
Weighted EGZ-constant for p-groups of rank 2
Authors: Oliveira Filipe A. A. , Lemos Abílio , Godinho Hemar T.
Published: May 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite abelian group of exponent [Formula: see text], written additively, and let [Formula: see text] be a subset of [Formula: see text]. The constant [Formula: see text] is defined as the smallest integer [Formula: see text] such that any sequence over [Formula: see text] of length at least [Formula: see text] has an [Formula: see text]-weighted zero-sum subsequence of length [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] defined as the smallest integer [Formula: see text] such that any sequence over [Formula: see text] of length at least [Formula: see text] has an [Formula: see text]-weighted zero-sum subsequence of length at most [Formula: see text]. Here, we prove that, for [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], we have [Formula: see text] and classify all the extremal [Formula: see text]-weighted zero-sum free sequences.
On some congruences involving Domb numbers and harmonic numbers
Authors: Mao Guo-Shuai , Wang Jie
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we prove three congruences involving Apéry-like numbers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which have been conjectured by Sun. These numbers are defined by [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]
In-Situ Synthesis of Highly Efficient Direct Z-Scheme Cu3P/g-C3N4 Heterojunction Photocatalyst for N2 Photofixation
Authors: Guan Yuanhao , Hu Shaozheng , Li Ping , Zhao Yanfeng , Wang Fei , Kang Xiaoxue
Published: May 2019

In this work, a highly efficient p-type Cu3P/[Formula: see text]-type g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized in situ. XRD, UV–Vis, N2 adsorption, TEM, XPS, PL, and EIS are used to characterize the as-prepared catalysts. The results show that Cu3P nanoparticles are highly dispersed onto the g-C3N4 surface, which obviously promotes the separation rate of electrons and holes. The charge transfer between Cu3P and g-C3N4 follows the “Z-scheme” mechanism. The as-prepared Cu3P/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst displays the ammonium ion production rate of 7.5[Formula: see text]mg[Formula: see text]L[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]h[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text], which is 28.8 times higher than that of neat g-C3N4, as well as good catalytic stability. The possible reaction mechanism is proposed.
Early US Prison History Beyond Rothman: RevisitingThe Discovery of the Asylum
Authors: Rubin Ashley T.
Published: May 2019

David J. Rothman's The Discovery of the Asylum, one of the first major works to critically interrogate the beginning of America's extensive reliance on institutionalization, effectively launched the contemporary field of prison history. Rothman traced the first modern prisons’ (1820s–1850s) roots to the post-Revolution social turmoil and reformers’ desire for perfectly ordered spaces. In the nearly 50 years since his pioneering work, several generations of historians, inspired by Rothman, have amassed a wealth of information about the early prisons, much of it correcting inaccuracies and blind spots in his account. This review examines the knowledge about the rise of the prison, focusing on this post-Rothman work. In particular, this review discusses this newer work organized into three categories: the claim that prisons were an invention of Jacksonian America, reformers’ other motivations for creating and supporting prisons, and the frequently gendered and racialized experiences of prisoners. The review closes by reflecting on the importance of prison history in the contemporary context and suggesting areas for future research.
Treatment of Common Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm: A Novel Approach Utilizing a VASCADE Percutaneous Closure Device
Authors: Dalvin Mark , Dessecker Brandon , Vitvitsky Eugene
Published: May 2019

Iatrogenic common femoral artery pseudoaneurysm is a well-known complication to vascular access. Many options, both surgical and nonsurgical, have been implemented as means to treat pseudoaneurysms such as thrombin injection, image-guided compression, and percutaneous closure devices. This case report demonstrates a novel technique using a VASCADE closure device to successfully treat an iatrogenic common femoral pseudoaneurysm.
Full Immunization Coverage and Associated Factors among Children Aged 12-23 Months in a Hard-to-Reach Areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Girmay Abadi , Dadi Abel Fekadu
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Childhood immunization averts 2.5 million annual child deaths globally. However, poor monitoring, possibly due to a lack of locally available data on immunization, might affect full protection of vaccines from Vaccine Preventable Diseases. This study was aimed at bringing data about immunization service coverage and its associated factors from Sekota Zuria district, which is one of the hard-to-reach areas in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 20 to October 28, 2017, among 620 children aged 12-23 months in seven randomly selected rural kebeles of Sekota Zuria district. Socio-demographic child conditions and vaccine-related data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with immunization coverage at a p-value ≤ 0.05. Crude and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with their confidence interval were reported. Results. 77.4% (95%CI: 74.0%-80.6%) of children aged 12-23 months were fully immunized. Having antenatal care visit (AOR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.52-5.0), higher level of maternal education (AOR=2.39, 95%CI: 1.06-5.36), mothers’ good knowledge on immunization (AOR=3.70, 95%CI: 2.37-5.79), short distance to health facility (AOR=2.65, 95%CI: 1.61-4.36), and being born in health institutions (AOR=2.58, 95%CI: 1.66-3.99) had increased the odds of full immunization coverage while having five and more family size reduced the odds of children’s vaccine uptake (AOR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.38-0.99). Conclusion. Full immunization coverage of the district was lower than the target set by the World Health Organization. Improving mother’s health seeking behavior toward pregnancy follow-up and enhancing mothers’ knowledge on child immunization, strengthening outreach services, community engagement, and actively working with local community-based health agents are recommended to increase number of children to be vaccinated.
Calibration of Numerical Simulation Methods for Underwater Explosion with Centrifugal Tests
Authors: Wang Qiusheng , Liu Shicong , Lou Haoran
Published: May 2019

The centrifugal underwater explosion tests and corresponding numerical simulations were carried out to study the laws of shock wave and bubble pulsation. A semiempirical method to determine JWL state equation parameters was given. The influence on numerical results caused by factors such as state equation of water, boundary condition, and mesh size was analyzed by comparing with the centrifugal underwater explosion test results. The results show that the similarity criterion is also suitable in numerical simulation; the shock wave peak pressure calculated by polynomial state equation is smaller than that of shock state equation. However, the maximum bubble radius and the pulsation period calculated by the two equations are almost the same. The maximum bubble radius is mainly affected by the boundary simulating the test model box, and the pulsation period is mainly affected by the artificial cutoff boundary. With the increase of standoff distance of measuring point, the mesh size required for the numerical calculation decreases; the size of the two‐dimensional model is recommended to take 1/30 ∼ 1/10 explosion radius. In three‐dimensional models, when mesh size is 2 times larger than explosion radius, the bubble motion change in the second pulsation period is not obvious. When mesh size is smaller than 1 time explosive radius, the full period of bubble pulsation can be well simulated, but calculation errors increase slowly and computation time greatly increases, so the three‐dimensional mesh size is suggested to take the charge radius. Shock wave peak pressure is basically unaffected by gravity. As the gravity increases, the bubble maximum radius and the first pulsation period both decrease.
Surgery for Bacterial Endocarditis Complicated by Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage
Authors: Kurisu Kazuhiro , Mitsuo Hiroshi , Ueno Yasutaka
Published: May 2019

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is a very rare but potentially lethal condition resulting from various disorders. We report the case of a patient who suffered diffuse alveolar hemorrhage subsequent to bacterial endocarditis and survived aortic valve replacement, which was applied after improvement in respiratory distress. We believe that the strategy of respiratory functional recovery by aggressive rehabilitation is essential for the achievement of a successful surgical outcome in patients with alveolar hemorrhage.
Radiomics Signatures of Computed Tomography Imaging for Predicting Risk Categorization and Clinical Stage of Thymomas
Authors: Wang Xihai , Sun Wei , Liang Hongyuan , Mao Xiaonan , Lu Zaiming
Published: May 2019

Purpose. The aim of this study is to develop and compare performance of radiomics signatures using texture features extracted from noncontrast enhanced CT (NECT) and contrast enhanced CT (CECT) images for preoperative predicting risk categorization and clinical stage of thymomas. Materials and Methods. Between January 2010 and October 2018, 199 patients with surgical resection and histopathologically confirmed thymoma were enrolled in this retrospective study. We extracted 841 radiomics features separately from volume of interest (VOI) in NECT and CECT images. The features with poor reproducibility and highly redundancy were removed. Then a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) logistic regression model with 10-fold cross validation was used for further feature selection and radiomics signatures build. The predictive performances of radiomics signatures were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) between radiomics signatures were compared by using Delong test. Result. In differentiating high risk thymomas from low risk thymomas, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.801(95% CI 0.740–0.863), 0.752 and 0.767 for radiomics signature based on NECT images, and 0.827 (95% CI 0.771 -0.884), 0.798, and 0.722 for radiomics signature based on CECT images. But there was no significant difference (p=0.365) between them. In differentiating advanced stage thymomas from early stage thymomas, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.829 (95%CI 0.757-0.900), 0.712, and 0.806 for radiomics signature based on NECT images and 0.860 (95%CI 0.803-0.917), 0.699, and 0.889 for radiomics signature based on CECT images. There was no significant difference (p=0.069) between them. The accuracy was 0.819 for radiomics signature based on NECT images, 0.869 for radiomics signature based on CECT images, and 0.779 for radiologists. Both radiomics signatures had a better performance than radiologists. But there was significant difference (p = 0.025) only between CECT radiomics signature and radiologists. Conclusion. Radiomics signatures based on texture analysis from NECT and CECT images could be utilized as noninvasive biomarkers for differentiating high risk thymomas from low risk thymomas and advanced stage thymomas from early stage thymoma. As a quantitative method, radiomics signature can provide complementary diagnostic information and help to plan personalized treatment for patients with thymomas.
Study on the Dynamic Deformation of Road High Liquid Limit Subgrade Soil
Authors: Lu Zheng , Fang Ran , Zhan Yongxiang , Yao Hailin
Published: May 2019

In order to evaluate the traffic‐load‐induced cumulative deformation of road high liquid limit subgrade soil, a series of laboratory tests are performed to determine the physical and mechanical properties of high liquid limit soil. A cumulative deformation model is then developed with consideration of the effects of dynamic deviator stress, the number of repeated loadings, and the material properties of subgrade soil. Based on Lu’s vehicle‐road‐ground coupling model, the traffic‐load‐induced stress, which is very important in predicting cumulative settlement of the subgrade, is calculated explicitly. The layerwise summation method is used to evaluate the traffic‐load‐induced cumulative deformation. Moreover, a parametric study is conducted using numerical computation and the results show that the traffic‐load‐induced cumulative deformation is mainly generated from the shallow soil, and the additional dynamic load plays an important role in analyzing the traffic‐load‐induced settlement.
Stock Price Pattern Prediction Based on Complex Network and Machine Learning
Authors: Cao Hongduo , Lin Tiantian , Li Ying , Zhang Hanyu
Published: May 2019

Complex networks in stock market and stock price volatility pattern prediction are the important issues in stock price research. Previous studies have used historical information regarding a single stock to predict the future trend of the stock’s price, seldom considering comovement among stocks in the same market. In this study, in order to extract the information about relation stocks for prediction, we try to combine the complex network method with machine learning to predict stock price patterns. Firstly, we propose a new pattern network construction method for multivariate stock time series. The price volatility combination patterns of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (S&P 500), the NASDAQ Composite Index (NASDAQ), and the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) are transformed into directed weighted networks. It is found that network topology characteristics, such as average degree centrality, average strength, average shortest path length, and closeness centrality, can identify periods of sharp fluctuations in the stock market. Next, the topology characteristic variables for each combination symbolic pattern are used as the input variables for K‐nearest neighbors (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms to predict the next‐day volatility patterns of a single stock. The results show that the optimal models corresponding to the two algorithms can be found through cross‐validation and search methods, respectively. The prediction accuracy rates for the three indexes in relation to the testing data set are greater than 70%. In general, the prediction ability of SVM algorithms is better than that of KNN algorithms.
A Second‐Order Uniformly Stable Explicit Asymmetric Discretization Method for One‐Dimensional Fractional Diffusion Equations
Authors: Zhu Lin
Published: May 2019

Using the asymmetric discretization technique, an explicit finite difference scheme is constructed for one‐dimensional spatial fractional diffusion equations (FDEs). The spatial fractional derivative is approximated by the weighted and shifted Grünwald difference operator. The scheme can be solved explicitly by calculating unknowns in the different nodal‐point sequences at the odd time‐step and the even time‐step. The uniform stability is proven and the error between the discrete solution and analytical solution is theoretically estimated. Numerical examples are given to verify theoretical analysis.
Implementation and Optimization of a CFD Solver Using Overlapped Meshes on Multiple MIC Coprocessors
Authors: Ma Wenpeng , Yuan Wu , Hu Xiaodong
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we develop and parallelize a CFD solver that supports overlapped meshes on multiple MIC architectures by using multithreaded technique. We optimize the solver through several considerations including vectorization, memory arrangement, and an asynchronous strategy for data exchange on multiple devices. Comparisons of different vectorization strategies are made, and the performances of core functions of the solver are reported. Experiments show that about 3.16x speedup can be achieved for the six core functions on a single Intel Xeon Phi 5110P MIC card, and 5.9x speedup can be achieved using two cards compared to an Intel E5-2680 processor for two ONERA M6 wings case.
Challenges in Managing Patients with Hereditary Cancer at Gynecological Services
Authors: Ueda Mako , Tsubamoto Hiroshi , Kashima-Morii Mina , Torii Yoshitaka , Kamihigashi Mariko , Wakimoto Yu , Nakagomi Nami , Hashimoto-Tamaoki Tomoko , Sawai Hideaki , Shibahara Hiroaki
Published: May 2019

Aim. To reveal current problems and challenges faced by our gynecologic services department in managing patients with hereditary cancers. Methods. We collected clinical data of patients with hereditary cancers, identified via genetic testing (or clinically diagnosed in cases of Cowden syndrome or Peutz–Jeghers syndrome), and treated in our gynecological department from 2012 to 2018. Results. Fifteen patients had hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), 6 had Lynch syndrome, 2 had Cowden syndrome, and 2 had Peutz–Jeghers syndrome. Five patients diagnosed with HBOC were younger than 40 years at diagnosis. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) was performed on 1 patient with a BRCA1 mutation at age 38 years. Seven patients overall underwent RRSO, and none had malignancies on pathological examinations. Peritoneal washing cytology (PWC) was suspicious for malignancy in one patient; however, subsequent PWC at 6 months after RRSO was negative. A patient with endometrial cancer and Lynch syndrome and a patient with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and Cowden syndrome strongly desired fertility preservation. They achieved remission after medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment and multiple dilations and curettages, respectively. One patient with Lynch syndrome developed AEH after 11 years of surveillance. Laparotomy revealed adjacent low-grade and high-grade serous ovarian cancer with positive ascites cytology. She had no recurrence during 7-year follow-up after laparotomy. Conclusion. Managing patients with hereditary cancer, positive or false-positive ascites cytology discovered during RRSO, and desired preservation of fertility is highly challenging.
Optimal Dispatch of Reactive Power Using Modified Stochastic Fractal Search Algorithm
Authors: Nguyen Thang Trung , Vo Dieu Ngoc , Van Tran Hai , Van Dai Le
Published: May 2019

This paper applies a proposed modified stochastic fractal search algorithm (MSFS) for dealing with all constraints of optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) and finding optimal solutions for three different cases including power loss optimization, voltage deviation optimization, and L‐index optimization. The proposed MSFS method is newly constructed in the paper by modifying three new solution update mechanisms on standard stochastic fractal search algorithm (SSFS). The first modification is to keep only one formula and abandon one formula in the diffusion process while the second modification and the third modification are used in the first update and the second update. In two updates of SSFS, solutions with low quality are updated with high probability while other solutions with high quality do not get chances to be updated. This manner results in the fact that some promising solutions around the high quality solutions can be missed. In order to tackle this restriction, the second modification of MSFS is to newly update the worst solutions in the first update and the best solutions in the second update. In the third modification, all existing formulas of SSFS in the two updates are abandoned and the same new proposed technique is used for updating such solutions in two updates. Compared to SSFS, the three modifications can bring advantages to MSFS such as using smaller number of produced solutions per iteration, spending shorter execution time, finding better optimal solutions, and owning more stable search ability. Furthermore, the proposed method also sees its effectiveness and robustness over SSFS by testing on IEEE 30‐bus system and IEEE 118‐bus system with three different single objectives for each system. The proposed method can find less minimum, average, and maximum for all the cases in addition to faster search speed. Besides, the proposed method is also compared to other methods such as PSO‐based method group, GA‐based method group, DE‐based method group, and other recent methods. Result comparisons also indicate that the proposed method can be more efficient than almost all these methods with respect to less minimum and smaller values of control parameters. As a result, evaluation of the performance of the proposed method is that it should be used for seeking solutions of ORPD problem.
A Grey‐BPNN Model for Evaluating the Competitiveness of Chinese Contractors in the High‐Speed Rail Market in Europe
Authors: Lin Yi-Hsin , Shi Biling , Chen Po-Han , Xu Zhao , Liu Huimin
Published: May 2019

With the planning and progress of the construction of the trans‐Eurasian high‐speed rail (HSR) network, it becomes an important issue for Chinese contractors to enter the European HSR market. Facing the world’s most competitive contractors and their high technology levels, Chinese contractors will need to know their advantages and disadvantages, so as to make necessary improvements. In this study, contractors for HSR are divided into two groups: construction contractors and rail equipment suppliers. In order to evaluate the competitiveness of HSR contractors, a Grey‐BPNN model that combines the grey relational analysis and backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed. The Grey‐BPNN model is expected to analyze the overall competitiveness of Chinese contractors in the European HSR market and provide informative decision support for them. The study results show the following: (1) in the field of HSR construction, the competitiveness gap between the top‐tier Chinese contractors and the most competitive international contractors is small. Chinese contractors’ competitive advantages lie in medium‐ and low‐technology‐level projects, with a strong development potential. However, they highly depend on Chinese domestic market and lack in intangible resources, like management ability and market development ability; (2) for rail equipment suppliers, China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation (CRRC) ranks among the top‐tier leaders of the international market. CRRC’s greatest competitor in the European HSR market is Siemens, and CRRC is much more competitive than others in the sustainable development capability. However, CRRC needs to increase the quantity of patents and Research and Development (R&D) expenditures in transportation. As a weak transportation patent holder, CRRC has a potential risk of getting intellectual property litigations in the European HSR market.