bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El rol de los territorios populares en el presupuesto participativo de las ciudades de Porto Alegre y Rosario
Authors: Signorelli Gisela Vanina
Published: June 2016

Las ciudades de Porto Alegre y Rosario han sido pioneras en implementar políticas de participación ciudadana, cuyo emblema es el Presupuesto Participativo (PP). El objetivo de este artículo es observar el modo en que el PP ha influido en la reafirmación de nuevas centralidades y la revalorización de las periferias en dichas ciudades (1989-2012), analizando sus aportes en términos de cohesión social, a partir de la inclusión de sus sectores populares.
PETROBRAS 60 años: avances y retrocesos en el desarrollismo brasileño
Authors: Ribeiro Cássio Garcia , Novaes Henrique Tahan
Published: June 2016

Petrobras, desde antes de su creación, siempre ha estado envuelta en polémicas de todo tipo. Estas polémicas están directamente relacionadas con la lucha que se ha llevado a cabo y todavía continúa entre el laissez-faire y el intervencionismo estatal. El reto de este artículo es demostrar, desde una perspectiva histórica, cómo Petrobras y el sector petrolero brasileño se han desarrollado en Brasil durante todo este período.
El smart power y la no indiferencia como nuevos principios directores de la política exterior brasileña
Authors: Muxagato Bruno
Published: June 2016

Este trabajo pretende demostrar que Brasil ha adoptado, desde el gobierno de Lula (2003-2010), el concepto de smart power, es decir, una combinación del soft y el hard power, para establecer un instrumento más eficaz de influencia. El smart power implica el uso estratégico de la diplomacia, la persuasión, la capacidad de proyección del poder militar y la construcción de cierta influencia. El objetivo de Brasilia asume que las Fuerzas Armadas puedan ser puestas a disposición del Estado, además de su fuerza diplomática, para lograr sus objetivos en el ámbito internacional. Brasil también ha hecho evolucionar su postura tradicionalmente no intervencionista con la adopción del principio de no indiferencia. El objetivo es ser reconocido como un actor internacional capaz de contribuir a la solución de conflictos regionales y extrarregionales, buscando afirmar su capacidad de mediación.
Energy intake, energy dispersion and body mass index interaction in adolescents
Authors: Kucukkomurler Saime , Istik Omer
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate dietary energy intake and energy dispersion among adolescents and to examine its relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI). Adolescents recalled food intake in the past 24 hours and energy intakes/expenditure were calculated. For the relation between BMI and energy intake percentage, ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were used. This research was performed in 2010 in Istanbul, Turkey. The study was carried out with 265 adolescents, 63.4% girls, aged between 12-15. Girls and boys have BMI means of 18.19±2.69 and 20.42±4.85 respectively. With respect to BMI, body fat percentage (BFP) was significantly different for both girls and boys (p<0.001). As BMI increased, so did BFP while body fluid rate (BFR) decreased. While the relation between daily total energy intake and BMI for boys was not statistically significant, it was significant for girls (p<0.01). The relation of energy percentage from fat and BMI for both boys and girls was significant (boys p>0.5, girls p<0.01). While the relation of energy rate from carbohydrates and BMI was not significant for girls, it was significant for boys (p<0.001). In the current study, even though the total energy intake of adolescents was not above the requirements of their age group, the energy intake from fats was mostly higher than the rates recommended. A high percentage of energy intake from fats over a prolonged period may result in obesity.
The prepulse inhibition deficit appearance is largely independent on the circadian cycle, body weight, and the gender of vasopressin deficient Brattleboro rat
Authors: Fodor A , Klausz B , Toth B , Zelena D
Published: June 2016

Objective. A disturbance of sensorimotor gating measured by prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (PPI) is one of the best tests of the schizophrenia-like behavior. Vasopressin was implicated in the development of schizophrenia; therefore, the naturally occurring vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rat has been suggested to be a reliable non-pharmacological animal model. However, previous studies focusing on PPI deficit did not use proper control and despite clear gender differences in the development of the disorder, the effect of gender has been mostly neglected.

Methods. First, we compared the „noise” and „tone” type prepulse at 73-77-81 dB intensity during the light or dark phase using small (~150 g) or big (~500 g) Wistar rats. The test parameters were validated by a pharmacological schizophrenia model (30 mg/kg ketamine i.p.). Than male, female, and lactating vasopressin-deficient animals were compared with +/+ ones.

Results. We established that the prepulse “noise” type is not optimal for PPI testing. The cycle of the day as well as the body weight had no effect on PPI. Even if we compared vasopressin-deficient animals with their closely related +/+ controls, the PPI deficiency was visible with more pronounced effect at 77 dB prepulse intensity similarly to pharmacological schizophrenia model. Despite our expectation, the gender as well as lactation had no effect on the vasopressin-deficiency induced PPI deficit.

Conclusions. The present data confirmed and extended our previous studies that vasopressin-deficient rat is a good model of schizophrenia. It seems that female as well as lactating Brattleboro rats are useful tools for testing putative novel antipsychotics in line with special attention required for schizophrenic women.
Newly diagnosed primary hypothyroidism applicant with massive pericardial effusion and acute renal failure
Authors: Ates I , Kaplan M , Yilmaz N
Published: June 2016

Objective. While non-symptomatic pericardial effusion is seen in primary hypothyroidism, massive pericardial effusion is a very rare finding. In the literature, newly diagnosed primary hypothyroidism cases presenting with massive pericardial effusion or acute renal failure are present, but we did not encounter any case first presenting with combination of two signs. In this case report, primary hypothyroidism case that presenting with massive pericardial effusion and acute renal failure will be discussed.

Subject and Results. Forty-eight years old male patient was hospitalized with shortness of breath, chest pain, swelling of the eyelids and bilateral limbs complaints. On chest radiograph heart shadow was deleted, pleural effusion was present until the middle zone of the left lung. Biochemical parameters (urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, sodium, potassium, creatine kinase, Troponin I, CK-MB, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, c-reactive protein) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH, 52.6 μg/ml), free triiodothyronine (T3, 0.61pg/ml), free thyroxine (T4, 0.12 ng/dl), anti thyroperoxydase (343 IU/ml), anti thyroglobulin (1604 IU/ml), were analyzed. The patient underwent pericardiocentesis. Levothyroxine treatment started with a dose of 0.05 mg per day and increased gradually until the optimum dose provided. At the end of the third month, the values of TSH, free T4, and free T3 were measured (2.3 μg/ml, 1.1 ng/dl, 2.54 pg/ml, respectively). The patient recovered completely and pericardial effusion was not detected in echocardiography.

Conclusion. Massive PE and acute renal failure due to primary hypothyroidism is a rare clinical condition. Primary hypothyroidism should be kept in mind in patients with symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, and generalized edema; moreover, when acute renal failure and PE were detected. It should be considered that patient’s biochemical parameters can improve starting from the two weeks after levothyroxine treatment started with pericardiocentesis in severe symptomatic patients.
Comparison of clinical and biochemical variables in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and their first-degree relatives with metabolic syndrome in Benin City, Nigeria: A cross sectional case controlled study
Authors: Ogedengbe S , Ezeani IU , Aihanuwa E
Published: June 2016

Objective. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by a relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. It is also associated with a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including hyper-tension and dyslipidemia. Although there are many studies that have studied the metabolic abnormalities in T2DM patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), only few of them have assessed the metabolic abnormalities in their first-degree relatives (FDRs) who had MetS. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and biochemical variables in T2DM subjects and their FDRs without diabetes in Benin City, Nigeria.

Methods. This is a cross sectional case control study including 124 T2DM patients, 96 FDR of T2DM subjects, and 96 controls recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire-administered technique. Variables of interest that were assessed included anthropometric indices like waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist:hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), proteinuria, and microalbuminuria. The 1999 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used to make a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The Chi-square test was used for comparison of proportions. P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. The student t-test was used to compare means and test for significant differences in the anthropometric and the metabolic indices.

Results. The prevalence of the MetS in T2DM persons was 87.1%, 16.7% in the FDR group, and 13.5% in the control group according to the WHO criteria. The mean value of HbA1c was significantly higher in T2DM subjects with MetS (p<0.05). The mean values of WC, FPG, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were higher in subjects with MetS in the T2DM group than in persons with MetS in the FDR group though not significant (p>0.05). The mean values of WHR, BMI, SBP, DBP, and triglyceride were higher in persons with the MetS in the FDR group than in persons with the MetS in the T2DM group. The difference in the BMI and SBP was significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion. The prevalence of MetS in subjects with T2DM in Nigeria is very high. Though, all the biochemical and clinical indices were higher in T2DM subjects with MetS, the mean HbA1c, BMI, and SBP was significantly higher when compared to their FDR who also have MetS.
Review of Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits With Low Power Consumption for High Speed Wireless Communications
Authors: Ellinger Frank , Fritsche David , Tretter Gregor , Leufker Jan Dirk , Yodprasit Uroschanit , Carta C.
Published: June 2016

In this paper we review high-speed radio-frequency integrated circuits operating up to 210 GHz and present selected state-of-the-art circuits with leading-edge performance, which we have designed at our chair. The following components are discussed employing bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductors (BiCMOS) technologies: a 200 GHz amplifier with 17 dB gain and around 9 dB noise figure consuming only 18 mW, a 200 GHz down mixer with 5.5 dB conversion gain and 40 mW power consumption, a 190 GHz receiver with 47 dB conversion gain and 11 dB noise figure and a 60 GHz power amplifier with 24.5 dBm output power and 12.9 % power added efficiency (PAE). Moreover, we report on a single-core flash CMOS analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) with 3 bit resolution and a speed of 24 GS/s. Finally, we discuss a 60 GHz on-off keying (OOK) BiCMOS transceiver chip set. The wireless transmission of data with 5 Gb/s at 42 cm distance between transmitter and receiver was verified by experiments. The complete transceiver consumes 396 mW.
Gain Design of Quasi-Continuous Exponential Stabilizing Controller for a Nonholonomic Mobile Robot
Authors: Nonaka Shogo , Tsujimura Takeshi , Izumi Kiyotaka
Published: June 2016

The control of nonholonomic canonical form using an invariant manifold is investigated to apply to a mobile robot steered by two independent driving wheels. A quasi-continuous exponential stabilizing controller is designed by using another input pattern. Additionally, the control gain designing method is proposed for this controller. Modified error system of nonholonomic double integrator model is used as nonholonomic canonical form. Generally, the gain cannot be calculated due to the non-linear transform of system. Owing to complicated relation of several parameters, the controller behavior is inconstant by gain pattern. We propose a method of designing gain which uses desired settling time. An approximate equation to obtain designed gains is derived based on the evaluation function. The design method to determine gains of the assumed actual system is simulated. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by these simulations.
Genetic Algorithm Combined with a Local Search Method for Identifying Susceptibility Genes
Authors: Yang Cheng-Hong , Moi Sin-Hua , Lin Yu-Da , Chuang Li-Yeh
Published: June 2016

Detecting genetic association models between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various disease-related genes can help to understand susceptibility to disease. Statistical tools have been widely used to detect significant genetic association models, according to their related statistical values, including odds ratio (OR), chi-square test (χ2), p-value, etc. However, the high number of computations entailed in such operations may limit the capacity of such statistical tools to detect high-order genetic associations. In this study, we propose lsGA algorithm, a genetic algorithm based on local search method, to detect significant genetic association models amongst large numbers of SNP combinations. We used two disease models to simulate the large data sets considering the minor allele frequency (MAF), number of SNPs, and number of samples. The three-order epistasis models were evaluated by chi-square test (χ2) to evaluate the significance (P-value < 0.05). Analysis results showed that lsGA provided higher chi-square test values than that of GA. Simple linear regression indicated that lsGA provides a significant advantage over GA, providing the highest β values and significant p-value.
Criteria for wild nearfields
Authors: Grüninger Matthias
Published: June 2016

We give some sufficient criteria for a nearfield to be wild, i.e. not a Dickson nearfield.
Dilemmas of human potential management, from the viewpoint of employment security
Authors: Bodak Andrzej , Cierniak-Emerych Anna , Gableta Małgorzata , Pietroń-Pyszczek Agata , Piwowar-Sulej Katarzyna
Published: June 2016

In this study - based on the result of own and others empirical research, regarding conditions of person’s functioning in the process of work during the last decade of 2000’s - an attempt of indicating dilemmas connected with shaping of employment security has been made. The field of study was approached not only from the perspective of employees and employers, but also with the intent of showing the diversity of solutions adopted in this area The results of presented research have confirmed the validity of solutions postulated by science, in relation to the results of monitoring of the turbulent economic environment and the progressing changes in employees’ expectations
Levels of Management and Economic Performance of Companies
Authors: Tokarski Stefan , Tokarski Krzysztof , Sikora Joanna
Published: June 2016

In order to achieve competitive results, the manager must master the skills necessary for subsequent levels of management. In the present study we have verified three hypotheses regarding the correlation between the level of control and efficiency, a form of ownership and influence on the managing level to direct and indirect subordinates. Two of the hypotheses gained the expected level of significance and the third was statistically insignificant.
Evaluation and reporting of CSR in SME sector
Authors: Szczanowicz Justyna , Saniuk Sebastian
Published: June 2016

This article is an attempt to propose a CSR evaluation and CSR reporting model in small and medium-sized enterprises. Special attention was given to trends which reveal the need for CSR development in practice with particular emphasis on efficiency - understood in two aspects: first one related to social welfare and sustainable development and the second one as a competitive advantage.

The new approach is based on a flexible tool for the evaluation and reporting of CSR, which also acts as a reference model for improvement of responsible entrepreneurship. An evaluation model, ESG risks catalog for manufacturing companies and a tool for monitoring and reporting of ESG risks were developed. Further work will include refinement of the method of evaluation model, including reporting tools and ESG risks catalogs for other sectors.
Strategic Orientation and Organisational Culture in Polish Public Organisations: Insights from the Miles and Snow Typology
Authors: Wronka-Pośpiech Martyna , Frączkiewicz-Wronka Aldona
Published: June 2016

Polish public organisations are often perceived as having strong bureaucratic orientation, avoiding both change and risk. However, in the last decade a distinct change in the management model of public organisations can be noticed. Public sector becomes an open ground for mergers and partnerships, entrepreneurial leadership, diversified services and commercialization (Golensky and DeRuiter 1999; Zimmerman and Dart, 1998; Pollitt and Bouckaert, 2004; Walker, 2013]. Public organisations embrace these strategies from the for-profit sector in order to manage change and to be effective. Most importantly, public organisations are adopting these frameworks in order to survive the changing operating environment, including changes in the level of government funding. Our paper draws on the Miles and Snow (1978) typology of generic strategies - prospectors, defenders, analysers, and reactors - to identify different organisational strategies within public organisations providing social services in Poland. In order to assess organisational culture we used the most widespread and used in many empirical studies Cameron and Quinn’s model (2003), the Competing Values Framework (CVF), from which four cultures - adhocracy, clan, market and hierarchy - emerge. The choice of these two providers of social services was dictated by our conviction, that these organisations are critical both for the national economy and for mitigating, counteracting and preventing social exclusion.
Role of technology entrepreneurship in the development of innovativeness of small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Matejun Marek
Published: June 2016

Technology entrepreneurship is an interesting concept for transforming the potential of the scientific and research and development fields (including a wider impact of the so-called business environment sphere) into innovative products and services. In consequence, it might become a key factor in building the innovation potential of modern enterprises, especially SME sector enterprises, which due to their resource shortages have limited ability to carry out independent research and development operations. Taking the above into account, the aim of the article is to identify and evaluate the role of entrepreneurship in the development of innovativeness of SMEs. To achieve this aim, a survey was conducted on a sample of 300 SMEs based in ithe łódzkie province.
Coupling single emitters to quantum plasmonic circuits
Authors: Huck Alexander , Andersen Ulrik L.
Published: June 2016

In recent years, the controlled coupling of single-photon emitters to propagating surface plasmons has been intensely studied, which is fueled by the prospect of a giant photonic nonlinearity on a nanoscaled platform. In this article, we will review the recent progress on coupling single emitters to nanowires towards the construction of a new platform for strong light-matter interaction. The control over such a platform might open new doors for quantum information processing and quantum sensing at the nanoscale and for the study of fundamental physics in the ultrastrong coupling regime.
Crystal structure of 3-(((cyclohexyl(phenyl)methylidene)amino)oxy)-2-hydroxy-N-(propan-2-yl)propan-1-aminium chloride, C19H31ClN2O2
Authors: Ghabbour Hazem A. , El-Bendary Eman R. , El-Ashmawy Mahmoud B. , El-Kerdawy Mohamed M.
Published: June 2016

C19H31ClN2O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 18.228(2) Å, b = 10.0390(11) Å, c = 11.0314(12) Å, β = 107.484(3)°, V = 1925.4(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0627, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1626, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of poly-[bis(μ4-adipato-κ4
O:O′:O′′:O′′′)(μ2-1,4-bis((2-ethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene-κ2
N:N′)dizinc(II)], C38H42N4O8Zn2
Authors: Xu Chunying , Tang Siye , Lou Xinhua
Published: June 2016

C38H42N4O8Zn2, monoclinic, P21/n (No. 14), a = 13.240(3) Å, b = 9.0565(18) Å, c = 15.553(3) Å, β = 112.85(3)°, V = 1718.7(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0549, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0911, T = 293(2)K.
Crystal structure of 3-((1,3,5,7-tetraoxo-6-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-3,3a,4,4a,5,6,7,7a,8,8a-decahydro-4,8-ethenopyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl)methyl)pyridin-1-ium-κN-trichloridocobalt(II) hemihydrate, C24H22Cl3CoN4O4.5
Authors: Liu Zhi-Min
Published: June 2016

C24H22Cl3CoN4O4.5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.1852(3) Å, b = 17.1435(7) Å, c = 19.9264(9) Å, β = 95.873(5)°, V = 2441.64(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0442, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0859, T = 153 K.
Crystal structure of N-(adamantan-1-yl)-4-phenylpiperazine-1-carbothioamide, C21H29N3S
Authors: Al-Abdullah Ebtehal S. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Alkahtani Hamad M. , Al-Tamimi Abdul-Malek S. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: June 2016

C21H29N3S, orthorhombic, Pbca (No. 61), a = 9.8658(7) Å, b = 11.7298(9) Å, c = 31.960(2) Å, V = 3698.5(5) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0644, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1684, T = 100 K.
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy: First Single-Center Experience in the Balkans
Authors: Popov Zivko , Jankulovski Nikola , Stankov Oliver , Stavridis Sotir , Saidi Skender , Kuzmanoski Marjan , Chipurovski Igor , Banev Sasho , Krstevska Branka , Ivanovski Ognen , Dimitrovski Chedomir
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the preferred approach for removal of the adrenal gland for the management of benign or malignant functioning or nonfunctioning adrenal masses. We aimed to present our initial experience with this procedure. In addition, we compare the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic (LA) vs. the open adrenalectomies (OA) performed at our institutions. Also we report a case of successful laparoscopic treatment of splenic artery aneurism involving laparoscopic splenectomy.

Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the data of all patients who underwent adrenalectomy at three institutions, over the last 12-year period, since the laparoscopic adrenal surgery was introduced in our country. All patients were assessed regarding the demographic data, hormonal status, operative time, estimated blood loss, complications, size of the tumor, number of patients requiring blood transfusion, hospital stay and conversion to open surgery for LA.

Results: Thirty five consecutive patients, aged from 33 to 67 (average age 54 years) underwent unilateral LA adrenalectomy during the study period including 14 right and 21 left sided. The laparoscopic procedure was successfully completed in all except 4 cases, which were converted to open surgery to control bleeding from the avulsed adrenal veins. LA proved superior to OA, resulting in less estimated blood loss, shorter operating time, shorter time to resumption of oral intake, shorter postoperative hospital stay and less analgesic requirements. During the follow-up of 3 to 36 months no tumor recurrence and/or metastasis developed.

Conclusions: Our results concur with other retrospective reviews comparing laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy, demonstrating unequivocal advantages in terms of reduced length of hospital stay, blood loss, return of bowel function, functional recovery and post-operative morbidity.
Acute Kidney Injury in Newborns
Authors: Timovska Silvana Naunova , Cekovska Svetlana , Tosheska-Trajkovska Katerina
Published: June 2016

Objective: Acute kidney injury is common condition in the neonatal intensive care unit and it is associated with poor outcome. The incidence of neonatal AKI is the highest one followed by adults and children, depending on different factors such as the gestational age, birth weight, contributing conditions and the facilities of the neonatal intensive care unit. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence, risk factors and the outcome of the neonatal acute kidney injury.

Subjects and Methods: This was a clinical, prospective study that was performed in a referent NICU at the University Children′s Hospital in Skopje. All neonates admitted from January 2012 to December 20014 with documented acute kidney injury were included. The medical data records of the admitted neonates with AKI were analyzed. The material was statistically processed using methods of the descriptive statistics.

Results: During the study period 770 newborn infants were admitted to the NICU and 50 (6.5%) infants developed acute kidney injury. The male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Most of the neonates involved in the study were neonates born at term (62%). Oliguric AKI was found in 28 cases (56%) and no oliguric in 22 cases (44%). The prevalence of prerenal, renal and post renal AKI were 78.5%, 19.5% and 2.0% respectively. Perinatal asphyxia was the most common predisposing factor for AKI and was evaluated in 38% of the cases with predominance of term infants and male. The mortality rate was 32% and was significantly higher in the group of patients with congenital heart diseases.

Conclusion: AKI is a life threatening condition with still high mortality rate. Early recognition of the risk factors and the rapid effective treatment of the contributing conditions will reduce AKI in the neonatal period.
Koronarerkrankungen – aktuelle Momentaufnahme in Deutschland
Authors: Wellnhofer Ernst
Published: June 2016

Die koronare Herzerkrankung ist eine chronisch entzündliche Veränderung der Herzkranzgefäße. Sie ist aktuell die häufigste Todesursache in Deutschland. Der 27. Herzbericht 2015 stellt die aktuelle Prävalenz und die sektorübergreifende Versorgung in Deutschland dar. Der Beitrag beleuchtet ausgewählte Daten und diskutiert sie im Kontext aktueller wissenschaftlicher Evidenz. Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der präventiven und akutmedizinischen Versorgung der koronaren Herzerkrankung werden diskutiert.
Entwicklung und Ursachen von Frühberentungen in Deutschland
Authors: Falk Johannes
Published: June 2016

Unabhängig von der Anzahl an Frühberentungen, haben sich in den letzten 20 Jahren die Ursachen bzw. Berentungsdiagnosen deutlich gewandelt. Die ehemals führenden Berentungsursachen wie Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates und Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen wurden von psychischen Erkrankungen verdrängt. Vor allem depressive Erkrankungen und Angststörungen haben einen enormen Zuwachs erfahren. Die Hintergründe für die Entwicklungen sind mannigfaltig und zum Teil noch nicht abschließend geklärt. Dieser Artikel analysiert die Rentenstatistiken der Deutschen Rentenversicherung.
Neue Organisationsformen für die stationäre Versorgung
Authors: Martin Stephan
Published: June 2016

Bedingt durch die Einführung der DRG-Abrechnungssysteme ist es bei stationären Krankenhausaufenthalten zu einer Fokussierung auf die Hauptdiagnose und zu einer deutlichen Verkürzung von Liegezeiten gekommen. Dadurch werden Volkserkrankungen wie der Diabetes mellitus, der einen sehr wichtigen Einfluss auf den Behandlungserfolg hat, zunehmend weniger beachtet. Das TeDia Betreuungssystem wurde entwickelt, um die Versorgungsqualität im Krankenhaus durch eine Verbesserung der Diabeteseinstellung zu verbessern.
Testing differentially expressed genes in dose-response studies and with ordinal phenotypes
Authors: Sweeney Elizabeth , Crainiceanu Ciprian , Gertheiss Jan
Published: June 2016

When testing for differentially expressed genes between more than two groups, the groups are often defined by dose levels in dose-response experiments or ordinal phenotypes, such as disease stages. We discuss the potential of a new approach that uses the levels’ ordering without making any structural assumptions, such as monotonicity, by testing for zero variance components in a mixed models framework. Since the mixed effects model approach borrows strength across doses/levels, the test proposed can also be applied when the number of dose levels/phenotypes is large and/or the number of subjects per group is small. We illustrate the new test in simulation studies and on several publicly available datasets and compare it to alternative testing procedures. All tests considered are implemented in R and are publicly available. The new approach offers a very fast and powerful way to test for differentially expressed genes between ordered groups without making restrictive assumptions with respect to the true relationship between factor levels and response.
The Closeness of Young Adults’ Relationships with Their Parent
Authors: Bertogg Ariane , Szydlik Marc
Published: June 2016

How close are the relationships between young adults and their parents today? Which factors account for closer or less close relationships between the generations? The theoretical model considers opportunity, need, family and cultural-contextual structures. The empirical analyses draw on the Swiss TREE survey (“Transitions from Education to Employment”). They reveal remarkably close ties between the generations. However, we also find a number of strains, such as the separation of parents and unemployment of adult children, that contribute to family relationships being less close. The findings provide insight into the reality of intergenerational relationships during a dynamic period of life.
Geschlecht in universitären Kontexten: eine qualitative Studie über Wissenschaftlerinnen in Österreich
Authors: Fritsch Nina-Sophie
Published: June 2016

Die universitäre Wissenschaft ist in Österreich durch eine vertikale Geschlechtersegregation geprägt. Bei höheren Berufspositionen steht ein Männeranteil von 80 Prozent einem Frauenanteil von 20 Prozent gegenüber. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich dieser Unterrepräsentanz und untersucht Barrieren für Wissenschaftlerinnen in unterschiedlichen organisationalen Kontexten. Als empirische Grundlage dienen 22 problemzentrierte Interviews. Die Analyse des Materials zeigt, dass die Themen soziale Netzwerke, geschlechtsspezifische Praktiken im universitären Arbeitsalltag und die Vereinbarkeitsproblematik kritische Bereiche in den Lebensentwürfen der Wissenschaftlerinnen darstellen. Die vorliegende Studie verdeutlicht jedoch auch, dass differierende organisationale Kontexte eine bedeutsame Rolle spielen und dabei nicht ausschliesslich negative Folgen für die Wissenschaftlerinnen produzieren.
Individuelle und kantonale Bestimmungsgründe des Zeitaufwands für Hausarbeit von erwerbstätigen Frauen und Männern in der Schweiz
Authors: Kersten Sarah
Published: June 2016

Dieser Artikel integriert zum ersten Mal individuelle sowie kantonal differierende politische, kulturelle und wirtschaftliche Bestimmungsgründe zur Analyse des Zeitaufwands für Hausarbeit von erwerbstätigen Frauen und Männern in Paarhaushalten. Die Analyse verweist auf die Bedeutung der Hausarbeit als wichtiger Indikator für Geschlechtergleichheit, neben der Erwerbsarbeit. Obwohl beide Dimensionen reziprok sind, lässt sich zunehmende Gleichstellung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt nicht per se auf die Arbeitsteilung im Haushalt übertragen. Die zugrunde liegenden Zusammenhänge mit kantonalen Kontexten unterscheiden sich.
Europäische Integration auf Unternehmensebene: die Schweizer Beteiligung an Europäischen Betriebsräten (EBR)
Authors: Ziltener Patrick , Gabathuler Heinz
Published: June 2016

Der Beitrag untersucht das Ausmass und die Bestimmungsfaktoren der Beteiligung Schweizer Arbeitnehmer an Europäischen Betriebsräten (EBR) in transnationalen Konzernen. Die entsprechende EU-Richtlinie ist für Schweizer Arbeitnehmer nicht anwendbar; diese sind aber auf freiwilliger Basis in etlichen EBR vertreten. Unsere Resultate zeigen, dass über 150 EBR über Schweizer Vertreter verfügen, was ungefähr einem Drittel der Unternehmen mit EBR und Beschäftigten in der Schweiz entspricht. Unternehmen mit Hauptsitz in der Schweiz und solche mit vielen Beschäftigten in der Schweiz schliessen Schweizer Arbeitnehmer häufiger ein als andere. Zudem verfügen 50 Schweizer Unternehmen mit Niederlassungen in der EU über einen EBR.
Audio Features Underlying Perceived Groove and Sensorimotor Synchronization in Music
Authors: Stupacher Jan , Hove Michael J. , Janata Petr
Published: June 2016

The experience of groove is associated with the urge to move to a musical rhythm. Here we focus on the relevance of audio features, obtained using music information retrieval (MIR) tools, for explaining the perception of groove and music-related movement. In Study 1 we extracted audio features from clips of real music previously rated on perceived groove. Measures of variability, such as the variance of the audio signal’s RMS curve and spectral flux (particularly in low frequencies), predicted groove ratings. Additionally, we dissociated two forms of event density, showing that an algorithm that emphasizes variability between beats predicted groove ratings better. In Study 2 we manipulated RMS levels and groove category (low, mid, and high groove) to confirm that perceived groove is not a function of loudness. In Study 3 we utilized novel music clips that manipulated the frequency of bass and bass drum (low vs. high) and attack time (short vs. long). Groove ratings and tapping velocities tended to be higher and tapping variability tended to be lower when the bass instruments had lower frequencies. The present findings emphasize the multifaceted nature of groove by linking audio and musical qualities to subjective experience and motor behavior.
Interkey Distances Also Shorten Subjective Time Reproductions in Real Modulating Tonal Music
Authors: Firmino Érico Artioli , Bueno José Lino Oliveira
Published: June 2016

Real and long music stimuli are seldom used in music cognition and subjective time literatures. We found longer time reproductions for Berio’s Symphony for Eight Voices and Orchestra than for Mahler’s Symphony No. 2. Berio recomposed Mahler’s symphony, inserting complexity in all its elements. The contextual-change model explains these data, predicting longer time reproduction for a greater amount of information. Thereafter, we found synthetic tonal modulations eliciting time reproductions in an inverse function of interkey distances, with major impact for sudden ones, an opposite result from contextual change prediction. Alternatively, we proposed the Expected Development Fraction (EDF) Model, claiming disproportion between expected and perceived times. In this study, we manipulated interkey distance using the real piece Inspiração by Brazilian composer Garoto. Results confirmed the EDF Model prediction. Formatting the EDF Model’s key spatial-axis according to adapted key profile measures of Krumhansl (1990) allowed close correspondence between simulations and data.
Characterization of GPR101 transcript structure and expression patterns
Authors: Trivellin Giampaolo , Bjelobaba Ivana , Daly Adrian F , Larco Darwin O , Palmeira Leonor , Faucz Fabio R , Thiry Albert , Leal Letícia F , Rostomyan Liliya , Quezado Martha , Schernthaner-Reiter Marie Helene , Janjic Marija M , Villa Chiara , Wu T John , Stojilkovic Stanko S , Beckers Albert , Feldman Benjamin , Stratakis Constantine A
Published: June 2016

We recently showed that Xq26.3 microduplications cause X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG). X-LAG patients mainly present with growth hormone and prolactin-secreting adenomas and share a minimal duplicated region containing at least four genes. GPR101 was the only gene highly expressed in their pituitary lesions, but little is known about its expression patterns. In this work, GPR101 transcripts were characterized in human tissues by 5′-Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) and RNAseq, while the putative promoter was bioinformatically predicted. We investigated GPR101 mRNA and protein expression by RT-quantitative PCR (qPCR), whole-mount in situ hybridization, and immunostaining, in human, rhesus monkey, rat and zebrafish. We identified four GPR101 isoforms characterized by different 5′-untranslated regions (UTRs) and a common 6.1kb long 3′UTR. GPR101 expression was very low or absent in almost all adult human tissues examined, except for specific brain regions. Strong GPR101 staining was observed in human fetal pituitary and during adolescence, whereas very weak/absent expression was detected during childhood and adult life. In contrast to humans, adult monkey and rat pituitaries expressed GPR101, but in different cell types. Gpr101 is expressed in the brain and pituitary during rat and zebrafish development; in rat pituitary, Gpr101 is expressed only after birth and shows sexual dimorphism. This study shows that different GPR101 transcripts exist and that the brain is the major site of GPR101 expression across different species, although divergent species- and temporal-specific expression patterns are evident. These findings suggest an important role for GPR101 in brain and pituitary development and likely reflect the very different growth, development and maturation patterns among species.
Holding a world café with medical educators
Authors: Garner Jayne , Coulby Ceridwen , Anderson Marina
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. The University of Liverpool introduced a new integrated spiral MBChB undergraduate medical curriculum in 2014/15. One aspect of this change was ensuring that key stakeholder partners (such as Trusts, hospitals and community GPs) felt supported and knowledgeable about the new programme delivery. Therefore, a World Cafe event was organised to identify issues relating to the new programme, and what the University could do to support the delivery of the curriculum in placement settings. Results from the event were thematically coded into topics including student skills, attendance, good practice, professionalism and technology. The event provided valuable information for the school and medical educators to help improve the student experience across placements and ensure effective partner working between stakeholders.
INTERLEUKIN 1 AND INTERLEUKIN 4 GENES POLYMORPHISM ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY AND PRESCHOOL AGE CHILDREN SENSITIZATION TO STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES
Authors: Shabaldin A. V. , Shabaldina E. V. , Ryazantsev S. V. , Simbirtsev A. S.
Published: June 2016

Background. Streptococcus pyogenes infection and sensitization to its antigens is considered to be an unfavorable factor for the induction of rheumatic pathology. The search for genetic predictors of rheumatic diseases in general, and sensitization to S. pyogenes, in particular, is of high relevance in modern medicine.Objective. To study the associations between interleukin 1 and interleukin 4 gene polymorphisms and the development of sensitization to antigens of S. pyogenes in toddlers and preschool children.Materials and methods. 771 children aged 2–6 years with recurrent acute respiratory tract infections treated by allergist-immunologist and otorhinolaryngologist were included in the study. Antibodies against S. pyogenes were determined by ELISA using commercial kits “Immunoteks” (Stavropol, Russia) in all children. Children with IgG immune response to S. pyogenes were assigned to the study group (n = 306), whereas children without this response were assigned to the control group (n = 465). Both groups underwent gene typing of IL1B (+3953, C→T, rs 114634), IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp) and IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp) gene polymorphisms in the Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, ICBFM SB RAS. The data were processed using routine statistical methods for genetic analysis and the statistical software package Statistica 6.0. There were no deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium across all loci, suggesting validity of association studies between individual and combined genotypes and sensitization to antigens of S. pyogenes.Results. Positive association between sensitization to antigens of S. pyogenes and individual genotypes have been found: IL1B (+3953, C→T)*C,T (52.6% in the study group vs. 39.8% in the control group, p = 0.001; OR = 2.02; CI(99%) 0.47–5.93), IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*2r,5r (7.19% in the study group vs. 1.29% in the control group, p = 0.001; OR = 5.59; CI(99%) 1.58–19.77), IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*2r,2r (6.86% in the study group vs 3.01% in the control group, p = 0.05; OR = 2.34; CI(99%) 0.66–8.29); as well as for combined genotypes: IL1B (+3953, C→T)*C,C / IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*2r,4r / IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*2r,2r (OR = 46.15); IL1B (+3953, C→T)*T,T / I-1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*4r,4r / IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*2r,3r (OR = 8.82) and IL1B (+3953, C→T)*C,T / IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*2r,2r / IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*3r,3r (OR = 7.23). Conclusion. High odds ratio (OR = 46.15) for IL1B (+3953, C→T)*C,C / IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*2r,4r / IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*2r,2r suggests that combined genotype is a main marker of sensitivity and impaired immune tolerance to S. pyogenes in toddlers and preschool children. Thus, this study has confirmed the association between gene polymorphisms, and pro-inflammatory and proallergic cytokines, and autoimmune and allergic diseases.
HIV INFECTION STAGE, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY SCHEME AND PATIENT IMMUNE STATUS INFLUENCE ON HIV/TB CO-INFECTION OUTCOME
Authors: Mordyk A. V. , Sitnikova S. V. , Puzyreva L. V.
Published: June 2016

Retrospective research of 381 clinical records is conducted to study HIV infection influence on stationary stage of tuberculosis treatment outcome in HIV-TB co-infected patients. All cases were divided depending on a hospitalization outcome on favorable and adverse. At most of patients tuberculosis of respiratory organs met. Immunological researches were conducted, the stage of HIV infection was registered and the issue of purpose of anti-retroviral therapy was resolved. Besides, as indirect signs of an immunodeficiency at the patients with a combination of tuberculosis and HIV infection who were on hospitalization the indicators received when carrying out clinical laboratory trials were analyzed: absolute and relative quantity of lymphocytes according to the general blood test, the contents the globulin fractions and circulating immune complexes concentration according to the clinical chemistry blood test. At an assessment of results in both groups of research more than at a half of patients existence of HIV infection at late stages that speaks about late identification and neglect of an immunodeficiency was revealed. At patients with tuberculosis of lungs in combination with HIV infection at a failure statistically significant decrease in an immunoregulatory index is revealed. It is interesting that the level of CD4 lymphocytes and a stage of HIV infection had no impact on the co-infection’s outcome. However, existence of virus loa ding more than 100 000 copies/ml reduced probability favorable an outcome of treatment of tuberculosis at the patient with HIV infection. Timely purpose of anti-retroviral therapy at patients with co-infection increased chances of treatment of tuberculosis at patients with an immunodeficiency. Frequency of adverse side effect of antiviral therapy met equally often at patients in both groups. Thus, patients at any stages of HIV infection with any forms of tuberculosis, including generalized, had a chance to have a favorable outcome of a disease. We consider the reasonable recommendation about carrying out anti-retroviral therapy of patients by all with a combination of tuberculosis and HIV infection, irrespective of the HIV infection stage.
Constriction size distributions of granular filters: a numerical study
Authors: Shire T. , O'Sullivan C.
Published: June 2016

The retention capability of granular filters is controlled by the narrow constrictions connecting the voids within the filter. The theoretical justification for empirical filter rules used in practice includes consideration of an idealised soil fabric in which constrictions form between co-planar combinations of spherical filter particles. This idealised fabric has not been confirmed by experimental or numerical observations of real constrictions. This paper reports the results of direct, particle-scale measurement of the constriction size distribution (CSD) within virtual samples of granular filters created using the discrete-element method (DEM). A previously proposed analytical method that predicts the full CSD using inscribed circles to estimate constriction sizes is found to poorly predict the CSD for widely graded filters due to an over-idealisation of the soil fabric. The DEM data generated are used to explore quantitatively the influence of the coefficient of uniformity, particle size distribution and relative density of the filter on the CSD. For a given relative density CSDs form a narrow band of similarly shaped curves when normalised by characteristic filter diameters. This lends support to the practical use of characteristic diameters to assess filter retention capability.
Biografia como crítica literária em Sêneca o Rétor e Suetônio
Authors: Baroni Schmidt Pedro
Published: June 2016

No presente artigo, propõe-se uma leitura comparada dos prefácios
das Controvérsias de Sêneca o Rétor e das Vidas dos Poetas de Suetônio. Após a identificação dos diferentes tipos de gêneros de imitação a que se filiam os prefácios de Sêneca – epistolografia, historiografia e biografia –, busca-se destacar as características da biografia em função de “crítica literária”, tanto em Sêneca como em Suetônio. Por meio da análise comparativa dos trechos biográficos com função de crítica, emergem as afinidades e diferenças formais e estilísticas entre os dois autores, que podem ser justificadas com base nos objetivos e nas posições histórico-literárias de cada autor.
Onde começam e onde terminam os deuses?: “o alfa e o ômega” mediterrânico e as interações culturais helenísticas
Authors: Chevitarese André
Published: June 2016

O artigo tem por objetivo discutir as origens do modelo “alfa/ômega” presente no livro Apocalipse, considerando seu ambiente originário e suas recepções até o tempo presente. O trabalho parte do modelo “alfa/ômega” amplamente disseminado, até hoje, nas experiências religiosas de caráter cristão por meio de diferentes tipos de suportes materiais e textuais até sua origem na Bacia Mediterrânica helenizada nos
primeiros séculos da Era Comum. Por meio de indícios documentais de diferentes naturezas, explica como as origens cristãs sempre foram plurais e dialogaram intensamente com as demais experiências religiosas com as quais conviveu e interagiu. Por fim, tendo em vista que nenhuma experiência religiosa nasce sagrada, conclui que a audiência mediterrânica
estava familiarizada com divindades intituladas como “alfa/ômega”, portanto, muito antes de ser inédita, a divindade cristã foi percebida em suas origens como muito semelhante às demais de sua cultura originária.
As imagens do saber no prólogo (v. 1-32) do poema Da natureza, de Parmênides
Authors: Nogueira Ricardo De Souza
Published: June 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de análise da maneira como quatro imagens referentes ao conhecimento são construídas no Prólogo, fragmento 1 (v. 1-32), do poema de Parmênides intitulado Da Natureza. O trabalho contém ainda uma tradução desse texto, com base na manutenção dessas mesmas imagens. A análise pretendida fundamentou-se na utilização dos conceitos de imagem, metáfora e alegoria, amparados por ferramentas próprias da análise do discurso.