bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI KELAYAKAN INOVASI PRODUK PADA ARIMASTA SILVER DI DESA CELUK, KECAMATAN SUKAWATI, KABUPATEN GIANYAR
Authors: Astari Anak Agung ELik , Sudiartini Ni Wayan Ari , Ratna Sari Ni Luh Putu
Published: August 2022

Di tengah-tengah persaingan usaha sejenis yang sangat ketat, mampu memenuhi keinginan pasar menjadi harapan bagi semua pelaku usaha. Tingginya harga perhiasan perak membuat banyak masyarakat beralih menggunakan perhiasan dengan harga yang lebih terjangkau dan hasil menyerupai perak. Meningkatnya permintaan perhiasan alpaka, menjadi perhatian penting bagi para pengusaha perak. Tidak hanya berfokus pada perhiasan yang sudah ada, Arimasta Silver dituntut untuk dapat berinovasi terhadap produk dengan jenis bahan baku yang berbeda. Melalui studi kelayakan bisnis pemilik usaha dapat mengetahui apakah inovasi produk yang dilakukan pada Arimasta Silver layak untuk dijalankan. Penelitian menggunakan teknik analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif, data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi yang dilakukan di Art Shop Arimasta Silver di Desa Celuk, Kecamatan Sukawati, Kabupaten Gianyar. Adapun analisis kelayakan menggunakan analisis aspek non-keuangan dengan menganalisis aspek pasar dan pemasaran serta aspek ekonomi dan sosial. Untuk mengetahui peluang bisnis terhadap inovasi produk Arimasta Silver dilakukan analisis SWOT dengan melihat kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman yang ada dalam usaha ini. Sedangkan alat analisis yang digunakan untuk kelayakan analisis aspek keuangan menggunakan analisis Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI), dan Payback Period (PP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inovasi produk Arimasta Silver berada pada posisi kwadrand IV dengan posisi kompetitif yang kuat. Dalam metode QSPM diperoleh strategi alternatif yaitu dengan meningkatkan inovasi produk untuk mencapai keadaan keunggulan bersaing yang lebih baik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dari aspek keuangan didapatkan nilai Net Present Value (NPV) positif sebesar Rp. 7.155.970, nilai Internal Rate of Return (IRR) adalah sebesar 13,7%, nilai Profitability Index (PI) lebih besar dari 1 yaitu 1,3%, dengan Payback Period (PP)dari usaha ini selama 2 tahun 5 bulan 2 hari. Dengan demikian, inovasi produk pada Arimasta Silver dikatakan layak dijalankan.
STUDI PERSEPSI, SIKAP DAN TINGKAT PARTISIPASI ANGGOTA KELOMPOK TANI TERKAIT PROGRAM ASURANSI USAHATANI PADI (AUTP)
Authors: Sutiknjo Tutut Dwi
Published: August 2022

RINGKASAN Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui keterkaitan antara persepsi, sikap dan tingkat partisipasi anggota kelompok tanbi dengan program asuransi usahatani padi. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik sampling jenuh. Total petani di Kelompok Tani Sido Muncul adalah sebanyak 30 petani. Data dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuisioner kepada anggota Kelompok Tani Sido Muncul. Data Sekunder diperoleh dari data kelompok, monografi desa serta sumber-sumber yang terkait. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh  antara persepsi, sikap dan partisipasi anggota kelompok tani terkait program Asuransi Usahatani Padi serta faktor sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi persepsi, sikap dan partisipasi petani digunakan metode analisis kuantitatif terhadap data ordinal dengan uji statistik non parametrik rank spearman.   Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh sangat signifikan antara persepsi, sikap dan partisipasi petani terkait program Asuransi Usahatani Padi, dimana persepsi berpengaruh terhadap sikap, serta sikap berpengaruh terhadap partisipasi anggota kelompok tani. Hasil penelitian terhadap faktor sosial ekonomi yang berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap persepsi, sikap dan partisipasi adalah pendidikan, pendapatan serta luas lahan. Umur, pengalaman dan status kepemilikan lahan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap persepsi, sikap dan partisipasi petani dalam program Asuransi Usahatani Padi. Dari hasil penelitian disarankan perlu adanya sosialisasi yang jelas tentang program Asuransi Usahatani Padi.Kata Kunci : Kerusakan Tanaman, Kerugian Petani, Swasembada Pangan.
Komparasi Pendapatan Peternak Ayam Broiler Pola Mandiri dan Pola Kemitraan di Kabupaten Trenggalek
Authors: Walid Ahmad Habibi , Artini Widi , Sutiknjo Tutut Dwi , Lisanty Nina
Published: August 2022

The partnership in the broiler farming business triggers an increase in the broiler population. It motivates prospective breeders to do broiler farming due to the availability of assistance in terms of capital, management, as well as marketing. However, many prospective breeders believe the rumors that the partnership pattern is not that attractive. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the costs and income of the broiler farming business between the independent and partnership pattern business. The study also examined the differences in the feasibility of both patterns in the broiler farming business in Jombok Village, Pule District, Trenggalek Regency. This research utilized a case study method. From the study results, it was known that there was a significant difference in the cost of broiler farming business of both patterns. The cost of broiler farming of the partnership pattern was higher than of the independent pattern. The income of broiler farming of the partnership pattern tended to be smaller than the independent pattern. However, the average return from the partnership pattern broiler business was more significant than the independent pattern. Although the two patterns of broiler farming were feasible, the revenue and cost ratio in the independent broiler farming business was greater than that of the partnership broiler business. It can be concluded that from an economic point of view, broiler farming with an independent pattern was more profitable than a partnership pattern. Pola kemitraan pada usaha ternak ayam memicu meningkatnya populasi ayam. Pola kemitraan memotivasi calon peternak untuk melakukan usaha ternak ayam karena ketersediaan bantuan dalam hal modal, manajemen, dan juga pemasaran. Meski demikian, calon peternak banyak yang mempercayai rumor yang beredar yang menyatakan bahwa pola kemitraan tidak semenarik itu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan biaya dan pendapatan serta kelayakan usaha ternak ayam ras broiler pola kemitraan dan pola mandiri di Desa Jombok, Kecamatan Pule, Kabupaten Trenggalek. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan biaya yang signifikan pada biaya peternakan ayam ras broiler antara kedua model tersebut. Biaya peternakan ayam ras broiler model kemitraan lebih tinggi daripada model mandiri, dan pendapatan peternakan ayam ras broiler model kemitraan seringkali lebih rendah daripada model mandiri. Namun ratarata pendapatan dengan model kemitraan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan model mandiri. Meskipun kedua jenis model usaha peternakan ayam ras broiler tersebut layak, namun rasio pendapatan dan biaya dari usaha peternakan ayam ras broiler mandiri lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan usaha broiler kemitraan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari segi ekonomi, peternakan ayam ras broiler mandiri lebih menguntungkan daripada kemitraan.
Pengaruh Macam Pupuk Kandang dan Dosis Pupuk NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum Annum L.)
Authors: Kurniawan Amar , Kustiani Edy , Saptorini Saptorini
Published: August 2022

Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable with high economic value. The need for red chili continues to increase along with the increase in population. The productivity of red chili plants is balanced fertilization between organic and inorganic fertilizers. This experiment was to determine the effect of the combination of manure and dose of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of red chili plants. The experiment was carried out from February to June 2021 on the agricultural land of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kadiri University, Kediri. The environmental design used was a two factor Randomized Block Design (RAK) and three replications. The first factor is the type of manure, consisting of 3 levels: from cow manure (P1), from chicken manure (P2), from goat manure (P3). The second factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer consisting of 3 levels: 11.2 g/bed (D1), 22.5 g/bed (D2), 45 g/bed (D3). The results showed that the interaction between the type of manure and the dose of NPK fertilizer was significant on the number of fruit at 99 DAP and fruit length at 85 DAP. Types of manure showed significant differences in the number of leaves at 35 and 42 DAP, plant height at 7, 14, 21, 35, 42 DAP, number of branches at 42 DAP, fruit weight, and fruit length at 85 DAP, and dry weight of red chili plants. The difference in the dose of NPK fertilizer has no significant effect on all observed variables Cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.) termasuk sayuran bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Kebutuhan cabai merah terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk. Produktivitas tanaman cabai merah dilakukan dengan pemupukan yang berimbang antara pupuk organik dan anorganik. Percobaan ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi macam pupuk kandang dan dosis pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai merah. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2021 di lahan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Kadiri, Kediri. Rancangan lingkungan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dua faktor dan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor yang pertama adalah macam pupuk kandang, terdiri atas 3 taraf: dari kotoran sapi (P1), dari kotoran ayam (P2), dari kotoran kambing (P3). Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk NPK terdiri atas 3 taraf: 11,2 gr/bedengan (D1), 22,5gr/bedengan (D2), 45 gr/bedengan (D3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara macam pupuk kandang dan dosis pupuk NPK nyata terhadap jumlah buah umur 99 HST dan panjang buah umur 85 HST terhadap jumlah buah umur 99 HST dan panjang buah umur 85 HST. Macam pupuk kandang menunjukkan perbedaan nyata terhadap jumlah daun umur 35 dan 42 HST, tinggi tanaman umur 7, 14, 21, 35, 42 HST, jumlah cabang umur 42 HST, berat buah dan panjang buah pada 85 HST serta berat kering tanaman cabai merah. Perbedaan dosis pupuk NPK tidak berpengaruh nyata pada semua variabel pengamatan.
Analisis Komparatif Pendapatan Usaha Ternak Sapi Perah Dengan Pola Gaduh dan Mandiri (Studi Kasus di Desa Dompyong Kecamatan Bendungan Kabupaten Trenggalek)
Authors: Bahar Asikin , Artini Widi , Sidhi Eko Yuliarsha , Pamujiati Agustia Dwi
Published: August 2022

This research was aimed to determine the difference between the costs and income of the partnership and the independent patterns of the dairy cattle business. The research area was determined in Dompyong Village, Bendungan District, Trenggalek Regency, considering that the site has a high dairy cattle population. The purposive sampling method was used to take samples, which took respondents who had two dairy cattle and had been reared for one year. Sampling for this research amounted to 40 farmers, 20 with partnership patterns and 20 with independent practices. Primary data was obtained from observations and direct interviews with the breeders, while secondary data was collected from written reports of various relatedagencies. The independent pattern of dairy cattle business per two cows obtained data on the average production cost of IDR18,779,958. Revenue was IDR25,909,500, and the average income was IDR7,129.541. While the dairy cattle business with a partnership pattern per 2 cows, the average production cost was IDR9,188,550. Revenue was IDR13,150,950, and the average income was IDR3,962,400. From the analysis of the R/C Ratio, the value of the independent dairy cattle business efficiency was 1.37, and the partnership pattern was 1.43. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini yaitu agar pendapatan usaha dan perbedaan biaya ternak sapi perah pola gaduh dan pola mandiri dapat diketahui. Penelitian ditentukan pada daerah Desa Dompyong, Kecamatan Bendungan, Kabupaten Trenggalek dengan pemikiran tingginya populasi ternak sapi perah pada daerah tersebut. Dalam pengambilan sampel digunakan metode Purposive Sampling yang mana diambil responden dengan kepemilikan sapi perah sejumlah 2 ekor sapi yang sudah satu tahun dipelihara. Pengambilan sampel untuk penelitian ini sejumlah 20 peternak menggunakan pola mandiri dan 20 peternak menggunakan pola gaduh sehingga ada 40 peternak sebagai sampel. Data yang didapatkan melalui data sekunder dan data primer. Data primer didapatkan dari wawancara dan pengamatan dengan peternak secara langsung sedangkan sumber data sekunder adalah laporan tertulis dari instansi terkait yang bervariasi sebagai pelengkap data penelitian. Pada usaha ternak sapi perah pola mandiri didapatkan hasil penelitian tiap 2 ekor sapi dengan data rata-rata biaya Penerimaan Rp 25,909,500 untuk produksi Rp 18,779,958. dan untuk pendapatan rata-ratanya Rp 7,129,541, sementara itu pada usaha ternak sapi perah pola gaduh tiap 2 ekor sapi di peroleh Penerimaan Rp 13,150,950 untuk biaya produksi rata-ratanya Rp 9,188,550 dan pendapatan memiliki ratarata Rp 3,962,400. Berdasarkan analisis R/C Ratio pola gaduh bernilai efisiensi sebesar 1,43. Sedangkan untuk pola mandiri yang diterapkan pada usaha ternak sapi perah bernilai 1,37.
Usaha Ternak Itik Petelur di Sentra Produksi di Kabupaten Kediri dan Kelayakan Finansialnya
Authors: Khabibi Nur , Andajani Wiwiek , Sutiknjo Tutut Dwi , Lisanty Nina
Published: August 2022

The demand for animal products in Indonesia increases public awareness of the need for better food nutrition. Therefore, the livestock business plays an important role and needs to be developed from agribusiness. The study was conducted in an independent laying duck business in Tegalan Village, Kandat District, Kediri Regency, to analyze the business's financial feasibility. The analysis was carried out descriptively and quantitatively. The analytical tools included the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and sensitivity analysis. The data in the field were divided into three categories, namely breeders with a category of fewer than 500 ducks (A), a category of 500–1000 ducks (B), and a category of more than 1000 ducks (C). The results of the analysis based on the value (IRR) of the three categories of breeders showed a higher value than the percentage of bank interest (14%), where breeders in category A (374 ducks) had an IRR of 87%, category B breeders (650 ducks) of 112 %, and breeders in category C (2,275 ducks) were 54%. Meanwhile, in terms of PP, the three categories of breeders were when the project is not over (less than 10 years), category A breeders needed a payback period of 1.7 years, category B breeders for 1.2, and category C breeders for two years. Permintaan produk hewani di Indonesia semakin meningkat seiring dengan kesadaran masyarakat akan kebutuhan gizi pangan yang lebih baik. Oleh karenanya, usaha ternak menjadi bagian penting dan perlu pengembangan dari sisi agribisnisnya. Penelitian dilakukan di suatu usaha ternak itik petelur mandiri di Desa Tegalan, Kecamatan Kandat, Kabupaten Kediri untuk menganalisis kelayakan finansial usahanya. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Alat analisis yang digunakan di antaranya adalah Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), dan analisis sensitivitas. Data di lapangan dibagi menjadi tiga kategori, yaitu peternak dengan kategori jumlah ternak kurang dari 500 ekor (A), kategori 500–1000 ekor (B), dan kategori lebih dari 1000 ekor (C). Hasil analisis berdasarkan nilai (IRR) dari ketiga kategori peternak menunjukkan nilai yang lebih tinggi dari persentase bunga bank (14%), di mana peternak pada kategori A (374 ekor) mempunyai IRR sebesar 87%, peternak kategori B (650 ekor) sebesar 112%, dan peternak dalam kategori C (2.275 ekor) sebesar 54%. Sementara dalam segi PP, ketiga kategori peternak berada pada saat umur proyek belum berakhir (kurang dari 10 tahun), di mana peternak kategori A memakan waktu pengembalian modal selama 1,7 tahun, peternak kategori B selama 1,2 tahun, dan peternak kategori C selama 2 tahun.
Studi Ex Post Facto: Apakah Kecerdasan Emosional Berkontribusi terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa?
Authors: Asyrifah Zaini Wahdah  , Putri Nur Malasari
Published: August 2022

Rata-rata nilai matematika yang didapatkan siswa SMP di Kabupaten Pati mengungkapkan adanya beberapa siswa yang belum mencapai target prestasi belajar matematika yang sesuai dengan nilai KKM matematika yang ditentukan. Rendahnya prestasi yang didapatkan tersebut tentunya dipengaruhi oleh beberapa keadaan. Salah satu keadaan yang berkontribusi terhadap prestasi belajar matematika adalah tingkat kecerdasan emosional siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi adanya kontribusi kecerdasan emosional terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa. Penelitian ini berjenis kuantitatif dengan metode ex post facto. Sampel yang terpilih sebanyak 99 siswa kelas VII di salah satu SMP di Pati dengan menggunakan teknik proportionate stratified random sampling. Instrumen yang dipergunakan adalah skala kecerdasan emosional. Analisis data yang dipergunakan yaitu teknik analisis regresi linear sederhana, semua perhitungan menggunakan SPSS versi 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan emosional tidak berkonstribusi terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa.
The Constitutional Struggle for Religious Freedom: A Comparative Study of India and Indonesia
Authors: Tripathi Neha , Kumar Anubhav
Published: August 2022

Constitutions tend to regulate the relationship between religious and state authorities. Before the rise of the modern state, it was difficult to make proper distinctions between law, religion and morality. With the emergence of Western liberalism, the concept of democracy and secularism gained newfound attention, becoming ingrained and in tune with modern constitutional frameworks. Establishing the relationship between state and religion is a thorny issue for constitution-makers. Opponents of constitutional recognition of religion view religion as a private matter, relating to personal beliefs and conscience. This paper studies the comparative constitutional frameworks of India and Indonesia in relation to the right to religious freedom. As vibrant democracies comprised of ethnically diverse populations, both India and Indonesia grapple with issues concerning religious majorities and minorities. In India, Hindus are the majority, then Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and Buddhists; whereas in Indonesia, Muslims are the majority, then Christians, Hindus and Buddhists. Both India and Indonesia have ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The judgments of the constitutional courts in these countries have prompted constitutional law scholars to analyze the status of constitutionally recognized freedom of religion and its enforceability. This article first studies the relationship between state and religion in the contemporary sphere, thereby engaging in a comparative study of the formation of constitutional provisions in relation to religious freedom in India and Indonesia. Second, it aims to establish the importance of religious freedom within a constitutional framework. Third, it will discuss the issues surrounding recognition and enforcement of religious freedom in India and Indonesia, as well as providing an analysis from the perspective of majoritarianism and religious intolerance. Fourth, it will analyze landmark judgments of the constitutional courts of India and Indonesia in formulating and establishing the basic tenets of religious freedoms in the two nations. The role of the judiciary and governmental institutions in dealing with issues of religious freedom remains a central question in democratic countries such as India and Indonesia. Keeping in mind the need for a more holistic study and contributing to the literature in this area, the authors will present a comparative analysis of religious freedom in both these nations for nuanced understanding of religious rights and their interplay with the respective constitutions.
Religious Doubts and the Problem with Religious Pressures for Christians
Authors: Walker Andrea C. , Lang Andrew S.I.D. , Munoz Ric
Published: August 2022

Recent Christian religious development literature focusing on environmental predictors of growth found that higher religious pressures, assumed to be a controller according to Self-Determination Theory, predicted religious growth. The current study examines this finding by considering the influence of religious pressures along with normative experiences of religious doubt on spiritual/religious development variables of relatedness and self-mastery. A web-based survey procured responses from a large sample of participants from both Christian and secular institutions. Controlling for sex and institution, multiple linear regression modeling was used to develop a model hypothesizing that, when religious doubts are high, greater pressure would result in lower levels of religious development. The model was supported for spiritual/religious self-mastery but not for relatedness. Participants’ quotes were presented to illustrate the findings that emerged from the data analysis. Results clarify the deleterious role of religious pressures for Christians at certain developmental and situational milestones who are also simultaneously experiencing religious doubt and/or questioning their beliefs about God. Given past findings about the uncomfortable and unsatisfying, albeit necessary, role of engaging in some religious doubt and exploration, religious pressures can sabotage effective adaptation. Results underscore the importance of leaders and mentors in Christian environments allowing honest expression of doubts and questions and minimizing environmental religious pressures.
Disability and sexuality : a new question for French sociology
Authors: Brasseur Pierre
Published: August 2022

Disability is a new issue for French social sciences interested in Gender and sexuality. For this contribution, we favour a thematic division. First, addressing the intersections between disability and Gender, then between disability and sexuality, while focusing on articulating these different fields of analysis.
Machines with souls : metaphysics and managerial class in Halt and Catch Fire. (historiography V:7-5)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: August 2022

Computer science and technology : historiography V (7 - part five)
Psychoeducation as an active ingredient for interventions for perinatal depression and anxiety in youth: A mixed-method systematic literature review and lived experience synthesis
Authors: Mhango Wezi , Crowter Lucie , Gaysina Darya , Michelson Daniel
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPsychoeducation is a common element in psychological interventions for youth depression and anxiety, but evidence about its use with youth perinatally is limited. MethodsFor this review, we synthesised published quantitative and qualitative evidence, and insights from consultations with a Youth Advisory Group (YAG; N=12), to understand outcomes and mechanisms of psychoeducation for the indicated prevention and treatment of perinatal depression and anxiety in youth. Seven databases (ASSIA, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsychINFO, PsychArticles, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched for studies published prior to August 10, 2021. Seven quantitative studies examined multi-component interventions that included psychoeducation, while one study evaluated psychoeducation as a standalone intervention for postnatal depression. ResultsMulticomponent interventions showed significant effects on postnatal depression in two out of six studies, as well as being effective at reducing prenatal anxiety in one study. Standalone psychoeducation for postnatal depression was also effective in one study. Evidence from 12 qualitative studies, corroborated by insights from the YAG, suggested that psychoeducation could increase knowledge about symptoms; generate awareness of relevant services; and enhance coping. LimitationsCurrent evidence for effectiveness of psychoeducation in youth is limited, hence some of the reviewed studies used samples with a wider age range. Therefore, only three out of eight quantitative and six out of 12 qualitative studies focused on the target age range only. ConclusionsPsychoeducation may be an important foundational ingredient of interventions for perinatal depression and potentially anxiety in adolescents and young adults as it stimulates help seeking and self-care.
Efficiently Testing the Latent Dimensionality of Categorical Data Through Bayesian Structured Dependence Models
Authors: Klotzke Konrad , van den Berg Stéphanie
Published: August 2022

A Bayesian framework is proposed in which dependence models serve as proxy to evaluate the psychometric properties of measurement scales from categorical data. Structured dependence models (SDMs) specify the association of scale factors through the structure of variance-covariance matrices. A Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm utilizes the explicit matrix structure to obtain efficient samples of dependence parameters. In a simulation study, SDMs outperformed a state-of-the-art implementation of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in discriminating between unidimensional and bi-factor structures from categorical data. A proposed Bayes factor showed satisfying type-1 and type-2 error rates for small (N = 100) to moderate (N = 500) sample sizes. An empirical example illustrates testing psychometric properties of vertically scaled data. Overall, we conclude that dependence models can provide added value over existing approaches when sample sizes are moderate to small and/or complex measurement scales are investigated.
Prominence, Property, and Inductive Inference
Authors: Stonehouse Emily , Friedman Ori
Published: August 2022

The legal principle of accession suggests that people sometimes extend ownership of a prominent item to related objects, resources, and benefits. For example, people might assume that whoever owns a large land mass is also likely to possess surrounding islands. In three experiments on 4-7-year-olds (N=526) and adults (N=498), we find that prominence affects inductive inferences about both ownership and liking. In Experiment 1, children were more likely to infer that a character owned various individual blocks when the character was initially described as owning a pile of blocks (prominent) than a single block (regular). Experiment 2 replicated this pattern in both children and adults, and found it extends across three stimuli sets, but not a fourth. Experiment 3 then revealed that prominence also affects children’s and adults’ inductive inferences about preferences. Together, the findings suggest that prominence affects inductive inferences of both ownership and preferences, and the findings likewise suggest that parts of property law could reflect aspects of psychology present from early in the lifespan.
Fandomonium: How Spaces Marked for Fandom Transformed into Areas for Political Discourse
Authors: Evans Stevesha M.
Published: August 2022

In the early 2000s, social media sites emerged as forums for communication and networking. Before MySpace, Livejournal reigned supreme as the ultimate blogging sphere where cyber surfers logged in to write about their daily lives. Within those spaces, fandom culture evolved as netizens gushed over their favorite books, musicians, television shows, and celebrities. As the decade came to a close and Myspace lost its popularity, three social media giants emerged as quintessential platforms for online engagement. Twitter for example, became the cornerstone for Beliebers, Directioners, Otakus, and K-pop fans in 2009. The site evolved from simple status updates to a space where users could indulge in conversations based on their common interests. Tumblr, making its debut in 2007, made stanning your favorite idols much easier with its microblogging interface, allowing its users to post photos, videos, audio, and text messages. The reblog feature also made sharing more accessible, as fans could post media to their blogs in a fraction of a second. Launching in 2005, YouTube morphed into a platform for some of the most innovative and imaginative creations, especially after the development of the Partner Program in 2007. Sharing media across these three platforms cultivated a trifecta of mass-cultural communication that allowed its users to engage in conversations beyond fan interactions. At the turn of the decade, these social media sites brought in more users that fought to make their voices heard. The 2010s indicates a turning point in how spaces marked for fandom transformed into areas for political and social discourse.Between the years 2010 and 2020, there is a noticeable cultural shift in online networks where fans began to converse more openly with politically charged topics. Both the #BlackLivesMatter and #SayHerName hashtags led to waves of political consciousness that transcended social media networking sites and fandom spaces. In fandom, hashtags such as #DrawingWhileBlack and #CosplayingWhileBlackBlack gave voice to Black fans in creative spaces where their works are often uncredited or ignored. Black women in particular created movements that highlight the injustices that African Americans experience. To what extent do online hashtags shape political movements that go beyond social media platforms? In what ways have activists transformed fandom spaces to become more inclusive of social, political, and cultural issues? This paper seeks to investigate the political strategies Black women used to bring awareness to the erasure, violence, and discrimination of African Americans by utilization of online networks in the twenty-first century.
Patch Notes: Just Numbers or Something More?
Authors: del Gallo Rinaldo
Published: August 2022

Patch Note Documents (PNDs) are often used by digital game developer Riot Games to inform players on changes made to the game League of Legends. While these documents serve the role of disseminating information, they also contain rhetorical elements. These elements serve to justify the developers’ decisions to players while reaffirming creative authority. Some justifications, particularly those related to the inclusion of cosmetics and new content, are left absent. The non-inclusion of the proclaimed most important elements of PNDs reveals how Riot Games seemingly releases content for its own sake (or for the sake of profit). This lack of clarity contradicts the proclaimed use of PNDs, revealing the true intention of PNDs, as spaces where Riot Games reasserts their dominance over players in player-developer and player-corporate negotiations. This dominance is then used to generate capital at the expense of player experience. The rhetoric of Riot Games in PNDs reveals a devaluation of older content and maintenance work, which leads to player frustration and a depreciation of their communities.
The Xiao Zhan Controversy and the Case of Misplaced Fan Activism
Authors: Basu Shweta
Published: August 2022

In January 2020, a Chinese slash (male homoerotic) fanfiction named Falling by the fan-author 迪迪出逃记 started its serialization in the popular transformative work sharing site named AO3 (Archive of Our Own). The fanfiction starred fictionalized versions of real-life TV celebrities Xiao Zhan and Wang Yibo (the former in a titillating role of a transgender sex-worker), depicting a speculative homoerotic romance between them. The subsequent fanfictions and the fanarts spawned by this theme were created to pay tribute to their on-screen chemistry in the wildly popular xianxia-dangai drama The Untamed which was streamed on Tencent Video in 2019. While the trope of yaoi/danmei/slash is well-worn in the BL fan community, what set this incident apart was how fans pinned their love for their idol, Xiao Zhan, on two opposing kinds of misplaced activism. The first kind blamed the incident on the fan artists, resulting in the official block of AO3 in China on 29 February 2020. The second blamed the hapless actor, who had nothing to do with the situation, that he should assume responsibility for the actions of his fans, leading protests to impose bans on his brand deals and boycotting several of the brands he endorsed. This article tries to look at the fiasco in the light of several dynamics, ranging from the problematics inherent in RPF, the practice of writing fanfiction based on real persons (mostly celebrities), and the consumer culture of China that treats young male actors as “little fresh meat,” the existing popular culture of dangai/danmei (Chinese counterpart of Yaoi/Boys Love culture) fandom in China, the present day government outlook towards homosexuality and homoeroticism, and the frequent government clampdown in the name of purging obscenity and how it influences some fans, and how misplaced fan activism can jeopardize the professional lives of actors. To this end, I plan to use, the psychological theoretical framework of idol worship and its effects on the psyche of the fans involved, as well as esteemed sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of cultural theory, namely taste (for and against supposed homoerotic obscenity) distinction (what sets these opposing groups of fans apart), and habitus (what sort of community each of the warring groups of fans inhabit).
Grimdark-ian Man: The Sublime and Grotesque in Warhammer 40,000
Authors: Johnson Ryan
Published: August 2022

The monstrous savior, a figure of beauteous soul and horrendous appearance, the demon that fights on the side of angels, is by no means a new character type. It is, in fact, a common trope across not only literature, but human society; seen in the gargoyles of Europe, the demonic figures and lion dogs in East Asia, or even the terrifying mask of indigenous shaman in Africa, Australia, and the Americas, all of which differ in socio-cultural context, but are united in being used to scare away evil spirits. Yet while Victor Hugo and Edgar Allen Poe recognized the sublime and grotesque as two parts of a greater whole, in modern times such horrifying marvels are more commonly relegated to mass-market media and other forms of popular literature. Given their aristocrat heritage, then, it is no surprise that creators of similar “low-brow” fiction seek to elevate their work through the inclusion of truly high-brow concepts. And in the grim darkness of the far future, where there is only war, the comingling of high- and low-literature has made such a combinatory, liminal figure as the Space Marines, the Emperor’s Angels of Death, truly rarified.This paper asserts that the protagonists of the Warhammer 40,000 (or simply “40K”) universe comprise a new and unique form of the grotesque. Starting from Istvan Ciscery-Ronay’s discussion of the grotesque and sublime in science fiction as a theoretical framework, I will demonstrate that the Space Marines form a hybridized, liminal other made from disparate elements of what was once human, genetically and scientifically modified into something wholly alien. These subhuman grotesques represent the same danger to the reader's conception of wholeness and stability as do more traditional cyborgs, while simultaneously acting as wish-fulfilling, sublime supermen, becoming at once sub- and super-human, and creating a new realm of the monstrous hybrid for fiction to explore. It is important to note that this phenomenon can be seen just as easily in certain incarnations of classic movie- monsters such as Frankenstein, vampires, werewolves, and especially in the work of China Miéville, which he terms “wyrd fiction.” Nevertheless, I will show that the immersive/interactive qualities inherent in the 40K universe—due to its origin and continued success as a miniatures and/or role-playing game—make the Space Marines, as well as the universe in general, the greatest extant example of the phenomenon, and thus the most impactful.
Inequality in measuring scholarly success: Variation in the h-index within and between disciplines
Authors: Light Ryan , Gullickson Aaron , Harrison Jill Ann
Published: August 2022

Scholars and university administrators have a vested interest in building equitablevaluation systems of academic work for both practical (e.g., resource distribution) andmore lofty purposes (e.g., what constitutes “good” research). Well-establishedinequalities in science pose a difficult challenge to those interested in constructing aparsimonious and fair method for valuation as stratification occurs within academicdisciplines, but also between them. The h-index, a popular research metric, has beenformally used as one such method of valuation. In this article, we use the case of theh-index to examine how the distribution of research metrics reveal within and betweendiscipline inequalities. Using bibliometric data from 1960-2019 on over 50,000 highperforming scientists - the top 2% most frequently cited authors - across 174 disciplines,we construct random effects within-between models predicting the h-index. Resultssuggest significant within-discipline variation in several forms, specificallysole-authorship and female penalties. Results also show that a sole authorship penaltyplays a significant role in well-known between-discipline variation. Field-specific modelsemphasize the “apples-to-oranges,” or incommensurable, property of cross-disciplinecomparison with significant heterogeneity in sole-authorship and female penalties withinfields. Conclusions include continued caution when using the h-index or similar metricsfor valuation purposes.
Animating the Logics Perspective to Understand Dilemmas of Reform: A review of the pre-K to 12 education and social sector literature
Authors: Woulfin Sarah Louise , Lamb Alexandra , Cyr Daron
Published: August 2022

The institutional logics perspective provides lenses to analyze and interpret the deep-seated conceptualizations, or logics, structuring a field, the work of actors in a field, and the complexities of change. Leveraging how theory transcends academic disciplines, this article discusses insights gleaned from systematic analysis of 31 empirical studies from the pre-K-12 education field and social sector. To guide future scholarship, this article describes patterns in methodologies for investigating educational reform as a type of institutional change. This theoretical review attends to the ramifications of multiple, competing logics and highlights the mechanisms by which logics bridge macro-level forces and micro-level actions so that researchers and practitioners can better understand reform within the pre-K-12 education field. Taken together, we illustrate the explanatory power of the logics perspective to reveal how diverse actors within the pre-K-12 education field activate the ideas, rules, and resources of education reform. We also provide guidance for scholars applying logics to answer pressing questions about the complex dynamics and long-standing dilemmas of reform.
Empirically Testing the Veracity of Otaku Stereotypes
Authors: Reysen Stephen , Plante Courtney , Roberts Sharon E. , Gerbasi Kathleen C.
Published: August 2022

In the present research we test the veracity of 36 stereotypes of otaku that have appeared in definitions and descriptions of otaku in various academic publications. We surveyed anime fans and examined differences between otaku and non-otaku fans, as well as gauge where fans fell on measures regarding each stereotype. Self-identified otaku tended to be young, male, single, and heterosexual. However, these were not necessarily distinguishing features of otaku. Otaku identified as nerds/geeks, spread information about their favorite anime by word-of-mouth, showed obsessive tendencies, rated high on immersion when consuming anime, and identified strongly with their favorite character. Contrary to the stereotypes, otaku had a comparable friendship network with non-otaku anime fans, perceived themselves as mature, and did not feel they were socially awkward around non-fans. Taken together, the result tended to paint a portrait of otaku as well-adjusted individuals who happen to have an intense interest in a particular fan object.
Free Spirit: A Legacy of the Wild and Quiet Homes
Authors: Pierre Meshach Andres
Published: August 2022

Bell Hooks' (2008) essay, "Free Spirits: A Legacy of Wildness," explored ideas of wildness and freedom in the Apalachian region of the United States. This essay responds to Hooks' original ideas by comparing and contrasting through direct references to Hooks (2018), with the author's own experiences. Drawing from personal and broader history, the author adds to the discussion on balancing personal freedoms, needs with those of one's community, society, more broadly, for social good.
Anticipating action: The evolving grammar of action and montage in Hong Kong cinema
Authors: Chan Jessica Ka Yee
Published: August 2022

In his formalist reading, David Bordwell (2001: 73, 80) uses the term ‘pause-burst-pause’ pattern to refer to the ‘cinematic expressivity’ of Hong Kong action cinema. Although the ‘pause-burst-pause’ paradigm locates stasis and action that lie at the heart of the performance and cinematic representation of physical action, the ‘pause-burst-pause’ punctuation undergoes aesthetic transformation in the digital age. Through a comparative analysis of five representative films from the 1960s to the millennium, this essay explores Hong Kong action cinema’s historical evolution from the display of physical combat (swordplay, kung fu and gunplay) to intense psychological mind game and heightened aestheticization in four stylistic turns – fantastic, realist, formalist and digital. Yidai zongshi/The Grandmaster (Wong Kar-wai, 2013), following the box-office success of transnational Chinese martial arts cinemas, serves as a prime example of the digital turn as postcolonial Hong Kong action cinema positions and articulates itself to an increasingly international film scene. Taking Lisa Purse’s (2005: 152) notion of ‘hypermediacy’ as a springboard, I argue that the combined use of computer-generated imagery (CGI) and aestheticized slow motion in The Grandmaster represents a new appreciation of slowness and softness, reinventing corporeal authenticity that the action genre is premised on.
A Brief Report on Sex Differences in Identification and Engagement with Anime
Authors: Reysen Stephen , Baring Rito , Plante Courtney , Sarmiento Philip Joseph , Samia Cristina , Bonus Benita , Sibug Nestor , Lumanlan Paolo
Published: August 2022

Prior research, predominantly focusing on Western fans, has found that the anime fandom is comprised of a majority of males (Reysen, Plante, Roberts, Gerbasi, Mohebpour, & Gamboa, 2016). In the present research we assessed whether this tendency held true in a Filipino and US samples. Specifically, Filipino and US college students completed measures of engagement with anime content and identification with the anime fandom. Converging with prior research, the results showed that males were more engaged with anime (i.e., watching anime, reading manga, reading news, talking with others about anime) and showed higher identification with the anime fandom than females in both samples. Mediation analyses showed that identification with the fandom mediated the relationship between participant sex and engagement with anime. Together, the results highlight the importance of fandom identification to predict engagement with fandom content and the expanding evidence of gender disparity within the fandom in both the Philippines and the US.
“Bordering on Excess”: Perceptions of Fan Obsession in Anime Fans, Furries, and Star Wars Fans
Authors: Reysen Stephen , Plante Courtney , Packard Grace , Roberts Sharon E. , Gerbasi Kathleen C.
Published: August 2022

In the present research, we examine what it means for fans to take their interests “too far” in a multi-fandom, qualitative study. Specifically, we asked self-identified anime fans, furries, and Star Wars fans to describe what, to them, marked the point where a fan could be said to be taking their interest too far. From these responses we extracted five common themes across fandoms: (1) when one’s fan interest negatively impacts their life, (2) when one’s fan interest becomes the sole or defining feature of their personality, (3) when one’s fan-related opinions are pushed on others, (4) when a fan loses touch with reality, and (5) when there is a connection between one’s fan interest and their sexual desire. We also note that anime fans cited a unique, sixth theme, when fans excessively worship Japanese culture. The responses suggest that excessive fan behavior may be ubiquitous across fandoms, although there may be idiosyncratic excesses characteristic of specific fandoms. We discuss these findings in the context of existing fan literature as well as their implications, both practical and for future research.
Identity Economics in Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights: An Empathetic Inquiry into Psychoanalysis
Authors: Akhter Ashfaque , Shams Ahmed Tahsin
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to connect the interlocking ideas of how social signifiers psychologically develop utility function, theorized by George A. Akerlof and Rachel E. Kranton, in characters like Heathcliff, the protagonist of nineteenth-century English fiction Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. Heathcliff's motivation is a desire born out of circumstantial consequences, for example, to be with Catherine in life or wealthy like Linton's family. This paper pinpoints how only material wealth fails to give a sense of belongingness in Heathcliff's life, which he aimed at achieving in the second half of his transformative journey. In addition, this paper attempts to reason for the absence of identity in Heathcliff’s decision-making process, which means a lack of empathy or belongingness in Heathcliff’s ambition. This research leads to a hypothesis that if Heathcliff had been brought up in an empathetic environment, the readers would not have perceived such degradation of mental health as abusive actions that he performs. Through a qualitative inductive method, this paper analyzes the aspect of identity economics that focuses on empathy. Thus, this paper gives insight into how material wealth without empathy only amplifies, particularly Heathcliff's violent nature, thereby leading the protagonist to an end where peace is a hallucination like Catherine’s ‘ghost.’
The Rhetoric of Early American Ethnography: Framing Politics in the Texts by Crèvecoeur, Jefferson and Tyler
Authors: Aryal Bhushan
Published: August 2022

This paper studies early American manners and customs chapters in the texts written by J. Hector St. John De Crèvecoeur, Thomas Jefferson, and Royall Tyler as precursors to ethnography, and demonstrates how these writers use ethnographic mode to explore their contemporary political issues. The paper argues that the ethnographic accounts in these chapters are less the objective representations of cultures than the political views shrouded in ethnographic modes. The argument then is that the chapters should be treated as rhetorical frames. To exemplify this argument, the paper analyzes Crèvecoeur’s Nantucket sequence in Letters from an American Farmer and demonstrates its pro-capitalist political aspirations. The paper also takes up Jefferson’s descriptions of Native Americans in Notes on the States of Virginia and shows how he used the ethnographic descriptions and scientific methodology to test whether the European settlers could prosper in the new land—particularly in the early nineteenth-century context of the theory of biological degeneration that assumed that a particular geographic context could determine the intellectual and moral aspects of a race. Finally, the paper reads the ethnographic accounts in Tyler’s The Algerine Captive and demonstrates how the whole book was a persuasive attempt to solidify support for the strong national government amidst the continued opposition within American states to join the new federal structure instituted by the new 1789 Constitution.