bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of oxygen functional groups of reduced graphene oxide on the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene nanocomposites
Authors: Xue Xiaodong , Chen Yang , Yin Qing , Zhang Xumin , Zhang Wanqi , Jia Hongbing , Xiao Leqin , Hong Liu
Published: June 2018

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with various surface structures was prepared by reducing graphene oxide (GO) with hydrazine hydrate (N2H4), sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and l‐ascorbic acid, respectively. The resulting rGO were used to fabricate rGO/polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites by a melt‐blending method. The surface structure of rGO as well as multifunctional properties of rGO/PP nanocomposites were thoroughly investigated. It was shown that rGO with highest C/O ratio could be obtained by reducing GO with N2H4. The crystallization behaviors, tensile strength, thermal conductivity and thermal stability of rGO/PP nanocomposites were significantly improved with the increase of C/O ratio of rGO. For example, with only 1 phr (parts per hundred PP) rGO reduced by N2H4, the degree of crystallinity, tensile strength, maximum heat decomposition temperature and thermal conductivity of PP nanocomposite were increased by 6.2%, 20.5%, 48.0 °C and 54.5%, respectively, compared with those of pure PP. Moreover, the thermal degradation kinetics indicated that the decomposition activation energy of rGO/PP nanocomposites could be enhanced by adding rGO with higher C/O ratio. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Resolution Matters: Correlating Quantitative Proteomics and Nanoscale‐Precision Microscopy for Reconstructing Synapse Identity
Authors: Miklosi Andras Gabor , Del Favero Giorgia , Marko Doris , Harkany Tibor , Lubec Gert
Published: June 2018

For more than a century, the precision at which any protein (or RNA) could be localized in living cells depends on the spatial resolution of microscopy. Light microscopy, even recently benchmarked laser‐scanning microscopy, is inherently liable to the diffraction limit of visible light. Electron microscopy that had existed as the only alternative for decades is, in turn, of low throughput and sensitive to processing artefacts. Therefore, researchers have looked for alternative technologies particularly with ever‐growing interest in resolving structural underpinnings of cellular heterogeneity in the human body. Computational (“in silico”) predictions provided only partial solutions given the incompleteness of existing databases and erroneous assumptions on evolutionarily conserved sequence homology across species. A breakthrough that facilitates subcellular protein localization came with the introduction of “super‐resolution” microscopy, which yields 20–60 nm resolution by overcoming diffraction‐limited technologies. The ensuing combination of “super‐resolution” microscopy with unbiased proteomics continues to produce never‐before‐seen gains by quantitatively addressing the distribution, interaction, turnover, and secretion of proteins in living cells. Here, we illustrate the power of this combined work flow by the example of transmembrane receptor localization at the neuronal synapse. We also discuss how dynamic analysis allows for inferences be made for cellular physiology and pathobiology.
Mood instability versus bipolar disorder: what to look for
Authors: Harpur Catherine , Harris Lorna , Masson Neil
Published: June 2018

It is important to differentiate between the various disorders that feature mood instability because this has significant implications for management. In this article, the authors discuss the differential diagnosis of bipolar disorder and other types of mood instability and the current recommended treatment options.
Tailoring the Cathode–Electrolyte Interface with Nanoparticles for Boosting the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance of Chemically Stable Proton‐Conducting Electrolytes
Authors: Bi Lei , Shafi Shahid P. , Da'as Eman Husni , Traversa Enrico
Published: June 2018

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) represent the most efficient devices for producing electrical power from fuels. The limit in their application is due to the high operation temperature of conventional SOFC materials. Progress is made toward lower operating temperatures using alternative oxygen‐ion conducting electrolytes, but problems of stability and electronic conductivity still remain. A promising alternative is the use of chemically stable proton‐conducting Y‐doped BaZrO3 (BZY) electrolytes, but their practical applications are limited by the BZY's relatively low performance. Herein, it is reported that deposition by impregnation of cathode nanoparticles on BZY backbones provides a powerful strategy to improve the BZY‐based SOFC performance below 600 °C, allowing an outstanding power output for this chemically stable electrolyte. Moreover, it is demonstrated that keeping the nanostructure is more important than keeping the desired chemical composition. The proposed scalable processing method can make BZY a competitive electrolyte for SOFC applications.
Application of fuzzy regression analysis and fuzzy C‐means technique using UAV data to understand water quality in the Miharu Dam Reservoir, Japan
Authors: Kageyama Yoichi , Wakatabe Koki , Ishikawa Masato , Kobori Bunyuu , Nagamoto Daisuke
Published: June 2018

This letter reports on the water quality conditions of the Miharu Dam Reservoir estimated by both fuzzy regression analysis and fuzzy c‐means clustering. Growth of blue‐green algae in the summer significantly degrades the water quality of this lake. Near‐infrared (NIR) data was collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in August 2015, and these results were then compared with the results obtained from the simple fuzzy regression analysis. The use of both the fuzzy regression analysis and the fuzzy c‐means technique allowed a better understanding of the water surface conditions of the lake, especially in relation to blue‐green algae growth. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Leadership integrity and the role of human resource management in Greece: Gatekeeper or bystander?
Authors: Tasoulis Konstantinos , Krepapa Areti , Stewart Marcus M.
Published: June 2018

With ethical misconduct commonplace in organizations and with the touting of competitive advantage associated with ethical organizational practices, considerable attention has turned to leadership integrity. Leaders are uniquely situated to influence the behavior of organizational members, and integrity has been shown to be instrumental in supporting ethical behavior and decision‐making. This article explores the role and influence of human resources management (HRM) in supporting leadership integrity among a group of large organizations operating in crisis‐stricken Greece. Although the institutional and cultural context of Greece appears to exacerbate role tensions confronted by human resources (HR) professionals, its forces are not deterministic; findings from in‐depth interviews with 12 HR directors indicate that the HR potential to secure ethical influence at the top level is primarily contingent on the nature of the organization's culture. Cultures of integrity enable HR executives to influence integrity and ethical behavior in top management teams (TMTs). In contrast, compliance‐based organizational cultures appear to breed a fickle HR presence: fostering integrity and ethical behavior for the middle and lower levels of an organization, while turning a blind eye to integrity violations at the top.
Spin(7)-manifolds as generalized connected sums and 3d $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ theories
Authors: Braun Andreas P. , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura
Published: June 2018

Abstract

M-theory on compact eight-manifolds with Spin(7)-holonomy is a framework for geometric engineering of 3d$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$N=1gauge theories coupled to gravity. We propose a new construction of such Spin(7)-manifolds, based on a generalized connected sum, where the building blocks are a Calabi-Yau four-fold and aG2-holonomy manifold times a circle, respectively, which both asymptote to a Calabi-Yau three-fold times a cylinder. The generalized connected sum construction is first exemplified for Joyce orbifolds, and is then used to construct examples of new compact manifolds with Spin(7)-holonomy. In instances when there is a K3-fibration of the Spin(7)-manifold, we test the spectra using duality to heterotic on aT3-fiberedG2-holonomy manifold, which are shown to be precisely the recently discovered twisted-connected sum constructions.
An Independent Study Guide to Reading Latin
Authors: Jones Peter V. , Sidwell Keith C.
Published: June 2018

Reading Latin, first published in 1986, is a bestselling Latin course designed to help mature beginners read classical Latin fluently and intelligently. It does this by combining the understanding of continuous texts with rigorous teaching of grammar; it provides exercises designed to develop the skills of accurate translation; and it integrates the learning of classical Latin with an appreciation of the influence of the Latin language upon English and European culture from antiquity to the present. The Independent Study Guide is intended to help students who are learning Latin on their own or with only limited access to a teacher. It contains notes on the texts that appear in the Text and Vocabulary volume, translations of all the texts, and answers to the exercises in the Grammar and Exercises volume. The book will also be useful to students in schools, universities and summer schools who have to learn Latin rapidly.
The Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: EU and US Regulatory Approach
Authors: WALTER Shona , MITKIDIS Katerina
Published: June 2018

The potential exposure to organisms and humans of pharmaceutical waste presents society with a wicked problem. The health benefits of pharmaceuticals are obvious, but the public awakening to the risks posed by pharmaceutical residues in the environment is in its early stages. Regulators in the US and the EU require an environmental risk assessment of a medicinal product before it can enter the market. This article compares the US and EU approach to assessing these risks, with the purpose of providing a different perspective on how to approach this delicate balancing act of risk and benefit and to reveal the different values underpinning the risk assessment.
A cluster of Chryseobacterium indologenes cases related to drainage water in intensive care units
Authors: Cantero Mireia , Parra Lina M. , Muñez Elena , Iranzo Reyes , Sánchez-Romero Maria Isabel , Oteo Jesús , Asensio Angel
Published: June 2018

In this outbreak, 12 patients in intensive care units acquired a Chryseobacterium indologenes infection. Cultures from sinkholes and air samples were positive for C. indologenes. After removing wash basins, no new cases appeared. Sinkholes, potentially contaminated, can act as a reservoir for C. indologenes and other microorganisms. Thus, patients and equipment should be protected from sink splashes to avoid contamination.
The Canadair CL-84 Tilt-Wing V/STOL Programme
Authors: Phillips F. C.
Published: June 2018

In 1956 the Defence Research Board of Canada and Canadair Limited (a wholly-owned subsidiary of General Dynamics Corporation), agreed to sponsor jointly a study of V/STOL technology to determine the configuration of aircraft best suited to the support of ground forces. During the following year it was decided that for the transport role the tilt-wing/slipstream-deflection concept promises the best aircraft from the overall point of view. Subsequent analysis and flight experience have confirmed this, and have also demonstrated a high degree of compatibility between aircraft attributes and general requirements for support of surface forces.
Inlet Duct-Engine Exhaust Nozzle Airflow Matching for the Supersonic Transport
Authors: Taylor J. B.
Published: June 2018

Propulsion systems selected for commercial transports must provide efficient and reliable performance over a broad range of conditions. These aeroplanes are used over both short and long route segments, on non-standard days, and at a range of altitudes to meet air-line schedule requirements.

This paper covers some of the design parameters that were considered in the integration of the induction system, secondary air system, jet nozzle and the basic turbojet gas generator for the SST. During recent years some of the most important gains in propulsion efficiency have resulted from the development of inlets, engines and exhaust nozzles which are matched over a broad range of operating conditions. An efficient propulsion system for a supersonic transport depends upon very close matching of these components. This, of course, requires a better understanding of the capabilities and limitations of each of these major components. For the supersonic transport, 50% or more of the gross weight will be comprised of propulsion system and fuel and less than 10% will be payload.
A Sequel to Technical Note 14 on the TUBA Family of Plate Elements
Authors: Argyris J. H. , Buck K. E.
Published: June 2018

The basic theory for the new TUBA family of plate elements has been presented in ref. 1, but lack of space did not allow the inclusion of all relevant developments. This refers, in particular, to the kinematically consistent load matrices, the so-called initial loads due to initial strains, and the geometrical stiffness for the analysis of buckling phenomena. In view of numerous requests by readers of the JOURNAL, we complete in this sequel the presentation with a brief account of the information omitted in ref. 1. At the same time we reproduce a small number of examples which show the great power of the new elements. To facilitate the reader's task the numbering of the current sections, equations and figures follow on consecutively from ref. 1.
Arithmetical Power Series Expansion of the Sigma Function for a Plane Curve
Authors: Ônishi Yoshihiro
Published: June 2018

The Weierstrass function σ(u) associated with an elliptic curve can be generalized in a natural way to an entire function associated with a higher genus algebraic curve. This generalized multivariate sigma function has been investigated since the pioneering work of Felix Klein. The present paper shows Hurwitz integrality of the coefficients of the power series expansion around the origin of the higher genus sigma function associated with a certain plane curve, which is called an (n,s)-curve or a plane telescopic curve. For the prime (2), the expansion of the sigma function is not Hurwitz integral, but its square is. This paper clarifies the precise structure of this phenomenon. In Appendix A, computational examples for the trigonal genus 3 curve ((3, 4)-curve)y3+ (μ1x+μ4)y2+ (μ2x2+μ5x+μ8)y=x4+μ3x3+μ6x2+μ9x+μ12(whereμjare constants) are given.
DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS: DO YOU KNOW WHAT POPULATION YOU ARE SAMPLING FROM?
Authors: KOZAK MARCIN , PIEPHO HANS-PETER
Published: June 2018

Consider a field experiment laid out in a randomized complete block design in which you study three types of fertilizers for two winter wheat cultivars. One year, one location – the experiment is not repeated. You design it and then spend a lot of time and money to conduct it. You cultivate the soil and take care of the plants; you worry about them; you never know what can happen, so you cannot wait for the crop to be harvested. And that day finally comes. The crop is harvested, and everything is fine. And here you are, all went great, you have the data in hands, and now a simple thing to do – analyse them. Well, yes, the experiment was conducted in one year, and you are aware you cannot be sure the outcome would be the same next year or elsewhere, but whatever – suffice it to consider the conclusions as preliminary and get on with the interpretation. Why should you not? It was a properly designed experiment that took samples from the underlying infinite populations of the two winter wheat cultivars in the three water regimes studied. Statistics is here to help you out, is not it? Well, it is not. Statistics will not help you out whether the experiment was poorly designed. Agricultural science literature seldom explains what populations are studied and what types of samples are taken in designed experiments. To fill this gap, we discuss various aspects of the sampling process in designed experiments. In doing so, we look at the survey sampling methodology, a statistical framework for studying finite populations – we do this because survey sampling has developed into the advanced theory of sampling processes, and this background can help us understand the intrinsic aspects of sampling in designed experiments.
Dynamics analysis of a novel 5-DoF parallel manipulator with couple-constrained wrench
Authors: Lu Yi , Liu Yang , Zhang Lijie , Ye Nijia , Wang Yongli
Published: June 2018

A three-dimensional (3D) model of a novel 5-DoF type parallel manipulator with a couple-constrained wrench is constructed and its couple-constrained wrench is analyzed. First, the formulas are derived for solving the displacement, velocity, acceleration of the moving platform and moving links, and a workspace is constructed. Second, the formulas are derived for solving the inertial wrenches of the moving links. Third, a dynamics equation is established by considering the inertial wrenches and friction, and the formulas are derived for solving the dynamically active forces and the dynamically couple-constrained wrench. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the analytic solution of the kinematics and the dynamics, and the analytical solutions are verified by utilizing a simulation mechanism.
VARIABLE SELECTION FOR BAYESIAN SURVIVAL MODELS USING BREGMAN DIVERGENCE MEASURE
Authors: Shi Daoyuan , Kuo Lynn
Published: June 2018

The variable selection has been an important topic in regression and Bayesian survival analysis. In the era of rapid development of genomics and precision medicine, the topic is becoming more important and challenging. In addition to the challenges of handling censored data in survival analysis, we are facing increasing demand of handling big data with too many predictors where most of them may not be relevant to the prediction of the survival outcome. With the desire of improving upon the accuracy of prediction, we explore the Bregman divergence criterion in selecting predictive models. We develop sparse Bayesian formulation for parametric regression and semiparametric regression models and demonstrate how variable selection is done using the predictive approach. Model selections for a simulated data set, and two real-data sets (one for a kidney transplant study, and the other for a breast cancer microarray study at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center) are carried out to illustrate our methods.
Global dynamics and spreading speeds for a partially degenerate system with non-local dispersal in periodic habitats
Authors: Wang Jia-Bing , Li Wan-Tong , Sun Jian-Wen
Published: June 2018

This paper is concerned with the global dynamics and spreading speeds of a partially degenerate non-local dispersal system with monostable nonlinearity in periodic habitats. We first obtain the existence of the principal eigenvalue for a periodic eigenvalue problem with partially degenerate non-local dispersal. Then we study the coexistence and extinction dynamics. Finally, the existence and characterization of spreading speeds are considered. In particular, we show that the spreading speed is linearly determinate. Overall, we extend the existing results on global dynamics and spreading speeds for the degenerate reaction–diffusion system to the degenerate non-local dispersal case. The extension is non-trivial and meaningful.
Resisting a Right to Relief: States, Responsible Relative Laws, and Old Age Assistance
Authors: Stein-Roggenbuck Susan
Published: June 2018

Efforts to modernize public assistance via the Social Security Act of 1935 met significant opposition from states. One manifestation of that resistance was state responsible relative laws in the Old Age Assistance program. Responsible relative laws enforced support by adult children as an eligibility requirement; applicants with children deemed able to provide support were either denied aid, or the grant awarded was reduced. These laws are an example of parent dependency policies that sought to enforce or encourage family members, particularly adult children, to support parents in need. States sought to ensure that all financial resources were exhausted before public funds were spent on OAA. Responsible relative laws were an arena of public assistance that remained under state discretion, and many states used them to control costs and contest federal efforts to modernize relief programs and limit state and local authority.
Kennedy’s Keynesian Budgetary Politics and the 1962 Public Works Acceleration Act
Authors: Jacobs Nicholas F. , Savage James D.
Published: June 2018

Public works spending was an integral component of John F. Kennedy’s fiscal policy. Drawing on a wide range of archival evidence from the Kennedy Presidential Library, we show how the administration worked to pass a $2.5 billion infrastructure bill that would give the presidency unilateral authority in determining where and when those funds would be spent. Contrary to recent accounts that emphasize Kennedy’s role in promoting massive tax cuts in 1963–64, the 1962 Public Works Acceleration Act was a key fiscal instrument that Kennedy advocated prior to the administration’s push for tax reform. Moreover, the public works policy was strictly Keynesian—designed as a proactive countercyclical “stabilizer” that would generate budget deficits in order to make up for slack in a recession. Kennedy’s plan faced stiff resistance in Congress and the history of the law offers important lessons for why infrastructure programs are often disregarded as countercyclical instruments.
Less is More: Legal Imagination in Context
Authors: KOSKENNIEMI MARTTI
Published: June 2018

Why all this interest in the history of international law today? A partial explanation can surely be found from the end of the 20-year period of liberal-internationalist ascendancy (1989–2008) and the perplexity that has followed its demise. Mark Zuckerberg put it succinctly in a manifesto onBuilding Global Communityin Facebook in February 2017. When his company started, he noted, it was to ‘bring . . . us closer together and build . . . a global community’. ‘[T]his idea’, he suggested, ‘was not controversial’. But suddenly there has emerged a ‘movement for withdrawing from global connection’. Nor have international law scholars rested silent. Eric Posner has termed the present moment – with glee – as the ‘backlash’ against ‘liberal cosmopolitanism’. More soberly, perhaps, Philip Alston has noted the rise of ‘challenges [to] the human rights movement’ that are ‘fundamentally different from much of what has gone before’ while James Crawford has warned against ‘large-scale retreat into nativism and unilateralism’. What used to be a clear and broadly shared objective – building of a global community – is no longer so clearly visible. So, the temptation might be to look backwards instead and ask, ‘how did we get here?’.
Heritage, Crisis, and Community Crime Prevention in Nepal
Authors: Yates Donna , Mackenzie Simon
Published: June 2018

Following Nepal’s 2015 earthquake, there was speculation that sacred art would be looted from the ruins of severely damaged temples due to a breakdown in formal security. Although pillage did not immediately occur, the months following the earthquake have seen the theft of sacred heritage items. As Nepali sacred art remains under threat of theft, we explore the processes by which government intervention can be destructive of the community dynamic that maintains local crime prevention on an informal and unofficial level. Based on fieldwork conducted in Nepal shortly before and after the earthquake, we ask: can situational crime prevention measures, when imposed in a top-down fashion upon communities by state actors, be corrosive of collective efficacy and, therefore, ultimately self-defeating in crime prevention terms? The case of post-quake Nepal seems to suggest that the answer to this question is, in some circumstances, yes.
WHAT DOES IT MEAN? A COMMENT ON THE ALLEGED ANTI-SEMITISM OF JOHN R. COMMONS
Authors: Chasse J. Dennis
Published: June 2018

In a recent article Luca Fiorito and Cosma Orsi accused John R. Commons of anti-Semitism “within a broad and xenophobic framework.” They rested their indictment on three sources: an interview in which Mark Perlman spoke of his father, Selig; Commons’s report on immigration for the United States Industrial Commission; and Commons’s bookRaces and Immigrants. This comment, looking at the same sources, finds confusion about the meanings of anti-Semitism and xenophobia as they are applied to Commons.
Fiscal shortage risk and the potential role for tropical storm insurance: evidence from the Caribbean
Authors: Ouattara Bazoumana , Strobl Eric , Vermeiren Jan , Yearwood Stacia
Published: June 2018

Recently a number of multi-country insurance schemes have been introduced to deal with short-term fiscal liquidity gaps after natural disasters. However, little is known about the actual underlying risk to the fiscal sector just after such events. In this paper, we estimate the risk of fiscal shortages due to tropical storms in the Caribbean. To this end, first we use a panel VAR and estimate that while government expenditure does not respond to damages due to tropical storms, there is a significant contemporaneous effect on fiscal revenue. The results also reveal that different components of expenditure and revenue respond differently to hurricane shocks. Then, employing a parametric bulk extreme value model on estimated losses due to historical events, we show that the fiscal shortage due to storms can potentially be sizeable depending on the rarity of the event, but varies considerably across islands. However, any risk assessment is fraught with considerable uncertainty, particularly for rare but potentially very damaging tropical storm strikes.
Smoking, health and academic outcomes: evidence from a limited smoking campus policy
Authors: Cannonier Colin , Burke Monica G. , Steward Kathryn
Published: June 2018

Although there is substantial literature on the impact of smoking laws, the number of studies that investigate the impact of such policies on college campuses is sparse. Using a rich data set from various waves of the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment survey for a mid-sized public university in the southern United States, we investigate a possible causal link between a limited smoking policy and smoking behaviours, health and academic outcomes among college students. We employ propensity score matching methods to control for endogeneity of unobservable characteristics. Our results show a significant reduction in the propensity to smoke cigarettes and cigars following the introduction of the policy. Further, we find that the policy has increased academic outcomes; however, it has no significant effect on student health. These findings have important policy implications for schools that are considering instituting comprehensive smoking bans on college.
Safety of Bicyclopyrone on Several Vegetable Crops and Efficacy of Weed Control
Authors: Chen Yin , Hu Chengsong , Doohan Douglas
Published: June 2018

Weed control in vegetable production is especially challenging, because few registered herbicides simultaneously offer excellent crop tolerance and broad-spectrum weed control. We report here the response of several vegetables and weeds to 37.5 and 50 g ai ha−1of the new herbicide bicyclopyrone (BCP). Vegetable crops showed good tolerance to BCP PRE and post-directed (POST-DIR) in high organic matter content muck soil. POST BCP severely injured all crops. Soil type and the rate of BCP PRE significantly affected response of vegetable crops, and variety of onion was significant. POST BCP controlled hairy galinsoga and small common purslane plants (>80% injury). Hairy galinsoga was not controlled by BCP PRE application in muck soil but was controlled in a 2:3 (vol/vol) blend of Wooster silt loam and a commercial potting mix. Common purslane was slightly injured in the muck soil and was well controlled in the soil and potting mix blend by PRE BCP. The herbicide did not control prostrate pigweed in either soil type or at any growth stage.
A Comparison of Attitudes Toward Suicide Among Individuals With and Without Suicidal Thoughts and Suicide Attempts in South Korea
Authors: Lee Sang-Uk , Jeon Mina , Park Jong-Ik
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Background: A suicidal person can go through different stages that include suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts. For a few individuals, these can end up with suicide. However, there have been no studies investigating any differences in attitudes toward suicides among individuals with no suicidal thoughts, those with suicidal thoughts, and those with suicide attempts. Aims: This study was carried out to compare attitudes toward suicide among three different groups: individuals with a history of no suicidal thoughts, those with a history of suicidal thoughts, and those with a history of suicide attempts. Method: To examine Koreans' attitudes toward suicide, we analyzed the data from the 2013 National Suicide Survey involving 1,500 participants aged between 19 and 75 years. Results: Different attitudes toward suicide were found among the three groups. Persons reporting that they had made a suicide attempt in their life showed the most permissive attitudes toward suicide. Limitations: Since this research is based on cross-sectional data, it is difficult to eliminate the possibility of changes in attitude toward suicide completely after having a suicidal thought and suicide attempt. Conclusion: These results can be a useful source for constructing effective messages for suicide prevention campaigns and can ultimately contribute to an improvement in the public's perceptions of suicide in the future.
Enhanced Rates of Regional Warming and Ocean Acidification After Termination of Large‐Scale Ocean Alkalinization
Authors: González Miriam Ferrer , Ilyina Tatiana , Sonntag Sebastian , Schmidt Hauke
Published: June 2018

Termination effects of large‐scale artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) have received little attention because AOA was assumed to pose low environmental risk. With the Max Planck Institute Earth system model, we use emission‐driven AOA simulations following the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5). We find that after termination of AOA warming trends in regions of the Northern Hemisphere become ∼50% higher than those in RCP8.5 with rates similar to those caused by termination of solar geoengineering over the following three decades after cessation (up to 0.15 K/year). Rates of ocean acidification after termination of AOA outpace those in RCP8.5. In warm shallow regions where vulnerable coral reefs are located, decreasing trends in surface pH double (0.01 units/year) and the drop in the carbonate saturation state (Ω) becomes up to 1 order of magnitude larger (0.2 units/year). Thus, termination of AOA poses higher risks to biological systems sensitive to fast‐paced environmental changes than previously thought.
Ionospheric Disturbances Triggered by SpaceX Falcon Heavy
Authors: Chou Min‐Yang , Lin Charles C. H. , Shen Ming‐Hsueh , Yue Jia , Huba Joseph D. , Chen Chia‐Hung
Published: June 2018

SpaceX launched its Falcon Heavy demonstration mission at 20:45 UT on 6 February 2018 at NASA Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Short‐period northward propagating traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) were observed following the shock waves in the ionospheric total electron content over East Florida‐Atlantic region. These TIDs have the periods of ~6–8 min, amplitude of ~0.05 total electron content unit, horizontal phase velocities of ~420–488 m/s, and horizontal wavelengths of ~164–240 km. They lasted for ~100 min and propagated a long distance of about 1,450 km, exhibiting a nearly coherent wave pattern and near‐constant phase velocity. The theoretical dispersion relation suggests that the short‐period TIDs were likely associated with the ducted gravity waves which became evanescent at altitudes around 170 km. Additional simulations were conducted in the Naval Research Laboratory SAMI3/ESF model using analytical expressions to approximate these gravity waves. Simulations reveal that modulations of the ionospheric electric fields through gravity wave wind dynamo perturbation can lead to weak ionospheric disturbances as observed.
Putting Perspective Taking in Perspective
Authors: Bortolussi Marisa , Dixon Peter , Linden Christopher
Published: June 2018

We present a new framework for the discussion of perspective taking, particularly with reference to the processing of literary narrative. In this framework, adopting a perspective entails matching evaluations with those of the narrative character. This approach predicts that perspectives should be piecemeal rather than holistic, dynamic rather than consistent, effortful rather than automatic, and reactive, in the sense that they are a function of the reader's online processing as it interacts with narrative technique. We describe evidence from an interpolated evaluation method in which readers are periodically interrupted and asked to rate evaluations from a character's perspective. The results indicate that interpolated evaluations interact with narratorial stance to determine a character's transparency—that is, the extent to which she is rational and understandable. In particular, interpolated questions increase transparency of the focal character when there is minimal narratorial guidance, but decrease transparency when the narrator adopts a relatively distanced stance towards that character. These results demonstrate that perspective taking depends on the details of a reader's processing over the course of the story.
Imagining Possible Worlds
Authors: Oatley Keith , Dunbar Robin , Budelmann Felix
Published: June 2018

The reading of fiction has been found to confer benefits, including increased empathy and understanding of others. Among ongoing research questions are those of how people engage in imagined worlds while keeping in touch with the currently perceived world, as well as how far stories were important in human evolution and how the brain is involved understanding them.
Identification of genes associated with cortical malformation using a transposon-mediated somatic mutagenesis screen in mice
Authors: Lu I-Ling , Chen Chien , Tung Chien-Yi , Chen Hsin-Hung , Pan Jia-Ping , Chang Chia-Hsiang , Cheng Jia-Shing , Chen Yi-An , Wang Chun-Hung , Huang Chia-Wei , Kang Yi-Ning , Chang Hsin-Yun , Li Lei-Li , Chang Kai-Ping , Shih Yang-Hsin , Lin Chi-Hung , Kwan Shang-Yeong , Tsai Jin-Wu
Published: June 2018

Mutations in genes involved in the production, migration, or differentiation of cortical neurons often lead to malformations of cortical development (MCDs). However, many genetic mutations involved in MCD pathogenesis remain unidentified. Here we developed a genetic screening paradigm based on transposon-mediated somatic mutagenesis by in utero electroporation and the inability of mutant neuronal precursors to migrate to the cortex and identified 33 candidate MCD genes. Consistent with the screen, several genes have already been implicated in neural development and disorders. Functional disruption of the candidate genes by RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9 causes altered neuronal distributions that resemble human cortical dysplasia. To verify potential clinical relevance of these candidate genes, we analyzed somatic mutations in brain tissue from patients with focal cortical dysplasia and found that mutations are enriched in these candidate genes. These results demonstrate that this approach is able to identify potential mouse genes involved in cortical development and MCD pathogenesis.
Using quantitative systems pharmacology to evaluate the drug efficacy of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in therapeutic situations
Authors: Thiel Christoph , Smit Ines , Baier Vanessa , Cordes Henrik , Fabry Brigida , Blank Lars Mathias , Kuepfer Lars
Published: June 2018

A quantitative analysis of dose–response relationships is essential in preclinical and clinical drug development in order to optimize drug efficacy and safety, respectively. However, there is a lack of quantitative understanding about the dynamics of pharmacological drug–target interactions in biological systems. In this study, a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) approach is applied to quantify the drug efficacy of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitors by coupling physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, at the whole-body level, with affected biological networks, at the cellular scale. Both COX-2 and 5-LOX are key enzymes in the production of inflammatory mediators and are known targets in the design of anti-inflammatory drugs. Drug efficacy is here evaluated for single and appropriate co-treatment of diclofenac, celecoxib, zileuton, and licofelone by quantitatively studying the reduction of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The impact of rifampicin pre-treatment on prostaglandin formation is also investigated by considering pharmacokinetic drug interactions with diclofenac and celecoxib, finally suggesting optimized dose levels to compensate for the reduced drug action. Furthermore, a strong correlation was found between pain relief observed in patients as well as celecoxib- and diclofenac-induced decrease in prostaglandins after 6 h. The findings presented reveal insights about drug-induced modulation of cellular networks in a whole-body context, thereby describing complex pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic behavior of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in therapeutic situations. The results demonstrate the clinical benefit of using QSP to predict drug efficacy and, hence, encourage its use in future drug discovery and development programs.
Processing Homophones Interactively: Evidence from eye-movement data
Authors: Yip Michael C. W. , Zhai Mingjun
Published: June 2018

The question of how to process an ambiguous word in context has been long-studied in psycholinguistics and the present study examined this question further by investigating the spoken word recognition processes of Cantonese homophones (a common type of ambiguous word) in context. Sixty native Cantonese listeners were recruited to participate in an eye-tracking experiment. Listeners were instructed to listen carefully to a sentence ending with a Cantonese homophone and then look at different visual probes (either Chinese characters or line-drawing pictures) presented on the computer screen simultaneously. Two findings were observed. First, the results revealed that sentence context exerted an early effect on homophone processes. Second, visual probes that serve as phonological competitors only had a weak effect on the spoken word recognition processes. Consistent with previous studies, the patterns of eye-movement results appeared to support an interactive processing approach in homophone recognition.
Assessment of the effect of climate changes in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene on niche conservatism of an arvicolid specialist
Authors: Castellanos-Frías Elena , García Nuria , Virgós Emilio
Published: June 2018

Climate change is not only evident, but its implications on biodiversity are already patent. The scientific community has delved into the limitations and capabilities of species to face changes in climatic conditions through experimental studies and, primarily, Species Distribution Models (SDMs). Nevertheless, the widespread use of SDMs comes with some intrinsic assumptions, such as niche conservatism, which are not always true. Alternatively, the fossil record can provide additional data to solve the uncertainties of species’ responses to climate change based on their history. Using a combined environmental (niche overlap indices) and geographical approach (temporal transferability of SDMs), we assessed the niche conservatism ofMicrotus cabreraethroughout its evolutionary history: the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene. The set of analyses performed within this timeframe provides a broad view pointing to a shift in the realized climatic niche of the species. Specifically,M. cabreraeexhibited a broader niche during glacial times than interglacial times, expanding towards novel conditions. Hence, the species might have developed an adaptive ability, as a consequence of mechanisms of local adaptation or natural pressures, or just be preadapted to cope with the novel environment, due to expansion into an unfilled portion of the niche. Nevertheless, the more restricted realized niche during last interglacial times reveals that the species could be close to its physiological limits.
Preparation of nicotine surface molecularly imprinted polymers for selective solid-phase extraction of nicotine from zero-level refill liquids of electronic cigarettes
Authors: Xie Juanjuan , Zhou Bo , Zhang Tiandong , Zeng Xiaoying , Yang Mochou , Wang Wanwan , Yang Jun
Published: June 2018

Preparation of surface molecularly imprinted polymer for the determination of nicotine in the zero-level refill liquids of electronic cigarettes.
Determination of β-carotene and total carotenoids in fruit juices using surfactant surface decorated graphene oxide based ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction
Authors: Sakaew Chinawooth , Sricharoen Phitchan , Limchoowong Nunticha , Chanthai Saksit
Published: June 2018

In this study, the influence of surfactants (SDS, TX100 and CTAB) to modify surface polarity of graphene oxide adsorbent is proposed for the extraction of β-carotene and total carotenoids from fruit juice samples.
Integrated paper-based microfluidic devices for point-of-care testing
Authors: Tian Tian , Bi Yunpeng , Xu Xing , Zhu Zhi , Yang Chaoyong
Published: June 2018

This review highlights the developments, accomplishments and challenges of integrated μPADs, including sample pretreatment, signal transduction/amplification and results output.
Determination of Cr, Cu and Pb in industrial waste of oil shale using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis
Authors: dos Passos Adenilde S. , Tonon Gabriele F. , Nakadi Flávio V. , Mangrich Antonio S. , de Andrade Jailson B. , Welz Bernhard , Vale Maria Goreti R.
Published: June 2018

Three methods were developed for Cr, Cu and Pb determination in oil shale residues using direct solid analysis.
Ultrafast Channel II process induced by a 3-D texture with enhanced acceptor order ranges for high-performance non-fullerene polymer solar cells
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Lee Sang Myeon , Xu Jianqiu , Lee Jungho , Lee Kyu Cheol , Hou Tianyu , Yang Yankang , Jeong Mingyu , Lee Byongkyu , Cho Yongjoon , Jung Sungwoo , Oh Jiyeon , Zhang Zhi-Guo , Zhang Chunfeng , Xiao Min , Li Yongfang , Yang Changduk
Published: June 2018

The enhanced SMA order ranges in well-intermixed 3-D textures enabled an ultrafast Channel II process, affording a highest efficiency of 12.01%.
UV-visible photocurrent enhancement using metal–semiconductor–metal with symmetric and asymmetric double Schottky barriers
Authors: Zhu Li , Liu Kai , Hu Taozheng , Dong Wen , Chen Zhuo , Wang Zhenlin
Published: June 2018

We report that Schottky barriers in the metal-semiconductor-metal nanostructures could be designed to further improve photocurrent under the illumination of both UV and visible light.
Nucleation of protein crystals – a nanoscopic perspective
Authors: Sleutel Mike , Van Driessche Alexander E. S.
Published: June 2018

A historical overview and state-of-the-art analysis of the mechanism of protein crystal nucleation from an experimentalist's perspective.
Preparation of Sb nanoparticles in molten salt and their potassium storage performance and mechanism
Authors: Yi Zheng , Lin Ning , Zhang Wanqun , Wang Weiwei , Zhu Yongchun , Qian Yitai
Published: June 2018

We have fabricated a high-performance Sb anode, applied it for use in PIBs, and explored its reversible potassiation/depotassiation mechanism.
Fine details in complex environments: the power of cryo-electron tomography
Authors: Hutchings Joshua , Zanetti Giulia
Published: June 2018

Cryo-electron tomography (CET) is uniquely suited to obtain structural information from a wide range of biological scales, integrating and bridging knowledge from molecules to cells. In particular, CET can be used to visualise molecular structures in their native environment. Depending on the experiment, a varying degree of resolutions can be achieved, with the first near-atomic molecular structures becoming recently available. The power of CET has increased significantly in the last 5 years, in parallel with improvements in cryo-EM hardware and software that have also benefited single-particle reconstruction techniques. In this review, we cover the typical CET pipeline, starting from sample preparation, to data collection and processing, and highlight in particular the recent developments that support structural biology in situ. We provide some examples that highlight the importance of structure determination of molecules embedded within their native environment, and propose future directions to improve CET performance and accessibility.
Low‐complexity robust adaptive wideband beamforming based on covariance matrix reconstruction
Authors: Liu Yaqi , Zhao Yongjun
Published: June 2018

A novel beamformer without tapped delay lines (TDLs) or sensor delay lines (SDLs) is proposed. It treats one wideband signal from a direction as multiple narrowband signals from an angular sector. To preserve the signal of interest, it reconstructs the interference‐plus‐noise covariance matrix using narrowband Capon spectral estimator. Eliminating the TDLs and SDLs leads to a simpler system and lower computational complexity. Moreover, it outperforms traditional wideband beamforming methods in the case of limited snapshots or high signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Coordination of wind generation and demand response to minimise operation cost in day‐ahead electricity markets using bi‐level optimisation framework
Authors: Mohammad Nur , Mishra Yateendra
Published: June 2018

Demand response (DR) can play an important role when dealing with the increasing variability of renewables in power system. This study proposes a bi‐level market model for wind‐integrated electricity market, where the DR requirement is paired with the wind profile to deal with wind variability. At the upper level, an electricity market operator aims to minimise the day‐ahead operation cost considering plausible wind generation scenarios. At the lower level, the DR exchange operator aims to maximise social welfare by trading aggregated DR among several aggregators. The solution at this level determines the optimal DR amount and price setting for each aggregator. The DR from the flexible loads is modelled from the end‐users' perspective considering their willingness parameter. The market model is formulated as a bi‐level optimisation problem using Lagrangian relaxation with Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated on sample 4‐bus and IEEE 24‐bus systems. Different scenarios such as high, medium and low levels of wind and DR are investigated. The high‐wind low‐DR scenario leads to minimum operation cost and is least inconvenient for end users as it sets the DR at a minimum level while keeping the higher levels of wind generation.