bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Citizens’ Perceptions and Assessment of an Urban Mountainous Forest Restoration: Nature, History, and Changes
Authors: Huh Keun Young , Heo Hyuncheol , Park Jong-Hoon , Kim Inhea
Published: May 2024

Background and objective: Most cities in South Korea have mountainous forests as hinterland green space in their centers, which are used as urban parks. This study was conducted to analyze citizens' perceptions of a mountainous forest restoration project being carried out in Jinju City.Methods: The research site is part of Bibongsan Mountain in Jinju City. Visitors' perceptions of the Bibongsan Restoration Project (BRP), carried out since 2015, were surveyed and analyzed regarding nature, history, and changes. The survey was conducted from August to October 2019, and the collected data were statistically analyzed.Results: The main socio-demographic changes were an increase in the proportion of men among visitors, aging, and an increase of unemployed people in the occupational distribution. The overall assessment of BRP implementation was positive. Visitor perceptions of the value, revival, and restoration of historical resources were more vital than in 2015 and had a strong positive correlation with each other. Visitors identified a high need for safety facilities for elderly visitors, improved wireless communication services, facilities for various recreational activities, outdoor learning facilities and programs for nature study, expanded parking lots, and improved transportation services.Conclusion: The urban mountainous forest restoration project is overall satisfactory and needs to be continued. The results showed that urban mountainous forests are not only recognized as spaces for walking and exercise for health but also recently as historical spaces expressing the unique or featured identity of the city, educational spaces for interest and understanding of nature, and recreational spaces that reflect local lifestyle changes. Thus, urban forests need to be restored in the context of local historical and cultural resources as well as natural resources. In addition, there is a need to be aware of various changes in the population, including aging and an increase in retirees.
A Scoping Review of Research Trends in Forest Therapy Programs by Subject Types: Focused on KCD-8
Authors: Min Gyeong-Min , Yeon Poung-Sik , Kim Jin-Gun
Published: May 2024

Background and objective: This study reviewed forest therapy program studies by applying the scoping review methodology to provide recommendations for future research and basic data for the development of forest therapy programs.Methods: Data collection was conducted from April 1 to 5, 2022 using South Korean literature databases (RISS, KISS, Science ON, DBpia) and international literature databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE). Focusing on papers published by March 31, 2022, while considering the publication year, we finally selected 118 papers (99 from South Korea and 19 from other countries).Results: Starting with the first study in 1996, research in South Korea was conducted in earnest since 2006. The study subjects primarily comprised those who were vulnerable to stress, such as office and labor workers, children at community child care centers, and families of patients, followed by mental health and physical patients. In terms of program characteristics, the site types primarily included general forests and forest welfare facilities, and in terms of seasons, summer accounted for the highest proportion, followed by spring and fall, which showed similar proportions. The programs primarily included one-day multiple-session and lodging types. Upon examining the structure of the programs, we observed that the majority of lodging type programs were 3 days and 2 nights programs and 2 days and 1night programs. In contrast, one-day multiple-session programs were primarily conducted in a once-a-week cycle, with 6 to 10 sessions.Conclusion: Through the results of this study, we examined the current status and scope of forest therapy program research. The findings are expected to be used as a basis for expanding forest therapy program research to collaborate with stakeholders in the health and medical fields in the future.
Ontogeny and phylogeny of the genus Solus Watson, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Authors: Liu Zhengyang
Published: May 2024

Preimaginal stages of the enigmatic genus Solus Watson, 1913 are described for the first time, based on a completed life history of a representative species Solus parvifenestratus Bryk, 1944 fed with Camphora officinarum, with a report on testing of alternative potential host plants. The complete mitochondrial genomes are produced for two species within the genus and they are used to construct phylogenetic hypothesis and analyze nucleotide diversity. The alternative hypotheses derived from the molecular analyses are discussed in light of 14 morphological and biological features, the optimal result supports Solus to be the sister group of Saturniini + Attacini and justifies the establishment of the tribe Solini within the subfamily Saturniinae.
Description of a new species of Cottus Linnaeus (Cottidae) from the Western Dvina / Daugava River system, Baltic Sea basin, based on integrative taxonomy
Authors: SIDELEVA VALENTINA G. , ZHIDKOV ZAKHAR V.
Published: May 2024

In the genus Cottus (family Cottidae), 72 species are known. Of these, 37 species are found in North America, 17 in Asia, and 18 in Europe. Over the past 18 years, nine new species have been described from Western and Central Europe, two from Eastern part of this continent. Also, the validity of two Eastern European species was confirmed. In the Western Dvina / Daugava River system (Baltic Sea basin), Cottus dorofeevi sp. nov. was found. To describe this species, an integrative approach was used that combines morphological and molecular methods. The new species differs from other species of the genus Cottus by a combination of morphological characters. Taxonomically the most conspicuous features are: flattened shape of head; long pelvic fins (reaching anus); incomplete trunk canal of lateral line with 25-27 pores; presence of melanophores on ventral side of body and fins. Genetically, C. dorofeevi sp. nov. is sister to C. koshewnikowi. Haplotypes (CR) of C. dorofeevi sp. nov. are differentiated from haplotypes of other European species of the genus Cottus by genetic distances between 1.3% and 3%.
Two new genera of Eulophinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), including four new species parasitoids on Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) leaf miners in Costa Rica
Authors: HANSSON CHRISTER
Published: May 2024

Two new genera, Petiolachertus and Macroplectron, each with two new species, P. castor and P. pollux, T. nishidai and T. safron, respectively, are described. Petiolachertus belongs in the tribe Eulophini and Macroplectron in Cirrospilini. Petiolachertus castor, P. pollux and T. nishidai are described from both sexes and have been reared from Gracillariidae leaf miners (unidentified Gracillariidae and Phyllocnistis sp.); T. safron is described from the female only and has been collected through sweeping. The two new genera are diagnosed from other genera in the respective tribes. All material is from Costa Rica.
1. Underground Evolution
Authors: Desmond Adrian
Published: May 2024

William Devonshire Saull was a financial kingpin of the political underworld. His wine-trade profits were as essential to the deist-cum-atheist Richard Carlile’s anti-clerical movement in the 1820s as to Robert Owen’s socialism in the 1830s. And Saull’s museum of fossils—forgotten today—was designed to glorify an evolutionary world with its promise of earthly salvation for the downtrodden. This opening section explains why the new understandings of earth history were paramount in the blasphemy/socialist movements, as it sought to shrug off clerical and capitalist control. It details some of the new, untapped sources for dealing with the subject at street level: police spy reports, the newly-digitized London newspapers, and satirical magazines, which left a wide class of readers laughing at Saull’s belief in a monkey ancestry for mankind. The introduction also touches on Victorian sensitivities to explain why Saull, his bankrolling activities and criminal enormities (atheism, socialism, evolution), are so little known. It gives a preview of Saull’s political activities: in London’s first Labour Exchange, in rational schooling experiments, in his materialism as a seditious, anti-theological weapon, and in his help for the emerging working-class activists resisting tithes and clerical oppression. ‘Atheism’ was never a stationary concept, and we track its changes as activists developed new vectors of attack. Science’s multiplicity of meanings for the underclass is also explored. The theme of this section is Saull’s gigantic, free-to-all museum and why it has escaped attention, and how we have to refocus to see it in its true dissident context.
Factors Associated With Additional Axillary Disease in Patients With Positive Sentinel Lymph Nodes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Johnson Natalie C. , Kornfeld Hannah , Gonzalez Lorena , Mora Hannah , Shah Nikita , Jones Veronica C. , Schulz-Costello Katharine
Published: May 2024

Background: In previous studies, breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph node(s) (SLN) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) frequently had additional nonSLN involvement. Per guidelines, residual SLN disease warrants completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND), which has increased morbidity. Given recent improvements in NAC, we hypothesized that nonSLN positivity may be lower than previously reported for certain subgroups.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed breast cancer patients who received NAC and had positive lymph nodes on SLN biopsy or targeted axillary dissection and underwent cALND at one institution in 1/2018-8/2023. Associations between nonSLN positivity and clinicopathologic factors were assessed with Fisher’s exact test and multivariable logistic regression.

Results: There were 122 female patients. Median age was 48 years. Initially, 15 patients (12.3%) were cN0 and 107 patients (87.7%) were cN1. Largest SLN deposit was macrometastasis in 96 patients (78.7%), micrometastasis in 23 patients (18.9%), and isolated tumor cells in 3 patients (2.5%). Overall, 53 patients (43.4%) had nonSLN involvement. NonSLN positivity was higher in patients with cN1, ER+ HER2-, ypT2-3, SLN macrometastasis, and multiple positive SLN. On multivariable analysis, cN1 and ER+ HER2- remained associated with nonSLN positivity.

Discussion: Among patients with positive SLN after NAC, clinically node positive and ER+ HER2- patients were more likely to have nonSLN involvement. Our findings support guidelines to consider omitting cALND in clinically node negative patients. With improving NAC, optimal axillary sampling, and radiation, omitting cALND may be safe in some clinically node positive triple negative or HER2+ patients with low volume residual disease, but further research is needed.
Mobilize Is a Verb: The Use of Verbs and Concrete Language Is Associated With Authors’ and Readers’ Perceptions of a Text’s Action Orientation and Persuasiveness
Authors: Formanowicz Magdalena , Beneda Marta , Witkowska Marta , Nikadon Jan , Suitner Caterina
Published: May 2024

In three studies, we investigated the role of linguistic features characterizing texts aiming to mobilize others. In Study 1 ( N = 728), participants produced a leaflet either mobilizing others to engage in an action or expressing their thoughts about that action, and evaluated how action-oriented their text was. Mobilizing texts included more verbs and concrete words, and the presence of these linguistic characteristics was positively linked to participants’ evaluations of their messages as action-oriented. In Studies 2 and 3 ( N = 557 and N = 556), independent groups of participants evaluated texts produced in Study 1. Readers’ perceptions of texts as action-oriented were associated with the same linguistic features as in Study 1 and further positively linked to perceived message effectiveness (Study 2) and behavioral intention (Study 3). The studies reveal how encoding and decoding of verbs and concrete words serve as distinct persuasive tools in calls to action.
What financial topics do people search for? An analysis of search queries using text mining
Authors: Abdul Jalil Nursabrina , Hamid Suraya
Published: May 2024

Billions of web searches are recorded every day; however, little is known about the types of financial information that users search for. While many studies have investigated information exchanges in financial forums, this is the first study to identify the financial information needs of Internet users in Malaysia through an analysis of search queries. We identified financial topics and discovered subtopics of interest using text mining. We found that topics with high search volume were related to financial products and services, and very little was related to concepts and information that would increase financial knowledge. The results of this study can be used to develop more strategic online financial education content that not only meets users’ financial information needs but also increases their financial knowledge, especially when the financial knowledge of the global population has remained low over the years.
Twinning-induced texture weakening in Mg alloy and its consequent influence on ductility and formability
Authors: Chaudry Umer Masood , Rehan Tariq Hafiz Muhammad , Hamad Kotiba , Khan Muhammad Kashif , Jun Tea-Sung
Published: May 2024

In this study, the room temperature formability of AZ31-0.5Ca was significantly enhanced by pre-deformation to 5% plastic strain. The pre-deformed samples showed the evolution of boundaries related to [Formula: see text] tension twins resulting in weakening of the strong basal texture and leading to excellent improvement in the formability. The pre-induced twining can be considered to be an effective approach to control the texture and enhance the formability of Mg alloy.
Partial differential equation modelling of the solid–liquid phase process in iron sintering and interface control with backstepping method
Authors: Chen Jinchao , Jiang Yushan , Kang Zengxin , Wu Zhaoxia
Published: May 2024

Due to the highly continuous temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the sintering process, the solid–liquid phase interface during sintering is uneven and discontinuous, which seriously affects the quality of sintered ore. In order to achieve real-time and effective control of the solid–liquid interface in the sintering system, this study proposes a spatiotemporally distributed partial differential equation (PDE) thermal system with Stefan interface boundaries. Slice the 3D sintering mixing space and establish a discrete 1D space multi-distributed system to achieve distributed control of the sintering thermal system. Based on this system, a distributed boundary controller is designed using the backstepping method to drive the solid–liquid phase interface to the desired position. This method fully adapts to the nonlinear problems of the sintering thermal system and can quickly respond to system changes. Based on real data from the sintering site, a multi-physics simulation model was designed to verify the correctness of the theoretical research. Comparing the simulation results with the actual sintering state shows that this control method can effectively control the position of the sintering solid–liquid interface, which plays a vital role in improving the quality of sinter and sintering efficiency.
Synthesis of Writing Intervention Studies for English Learners With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Fu Yang , Chow Jason C. , Chung Ariel
Published: May 2024

Writing is an essential skill that people use throughout their lifetime. Although previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses had reviewed the effect of writing interventions on students with learning disabilities and English learners, we know little about the effective writing process-types interventions for English learners with or at risk for learning disabilities (ELs with LD). Therefore, this systematic review identified and synthesized seven writing intervention studies that include ELs with LD. We further analyzed participant characteristics, interventionist characteristics, instructional methods, and intervention outcomes across studies. The result showed the scarcity of quantitative intervention studies in the area. Some commonly implemented intervention elements are identified and discussed, as well as implications, limitations, and future directions.
If we cooperate together, we intervene together: Defense cooperation agreements and support to conflict parties
Authors: Norrevik Sara , Sarwari Mehwish
Published: May 2024

As governments increasingly turn to defense cooperation agreements (DCAs) to institutionalize defense relations, there is little scholarly knowledge of the impact of these agreements in civil wars. Are DCA partners more likely to militarily intervene in civil conflicts together compared with countries without DCAs? While studies show that formal alliance commitments impact the likelihood of parties participating in foreign interventions, DCAs have received little attention in the literature even though DCAs between partner states are signed frequently and subject to change. This study argues that partners in DCAs are likely to provide external military support to the same conflict parties. Our theoretical model suggests that DCAs provide an arena for socialization where governments and military organizations that are DCA partners have repeated interactions. As a result of socialization, their foreign policy goals increasingly align, including their approach to military intervention in foreign conflicts. With access to similar weapons material, military training, and information, DCAs facilitate joint interventions between partner states. Examining the probability of intervention in civil conflicts during the period of 1980–2009, we find that countries that are DCA partners are more likely to provide military assistance to the same warring parties compared with countries without DCAs.
Role of Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences on Infant Neglect: A Multi-Perspective Approach
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Xiao Yiping , Mao Fangxiang , Xu Zhaojuan , Cao Fenglin
Published: May 2024

We explored the intergenerational transmission effects of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and infant neglect from multiple perspectives. The study included a sample of postpartum mothers and infants ( N = 550) from the outpatient child health care department of a tertiary hospital in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Our investigation followed three main lines of inquiry. First, the association of overall maternal ACEs with infant neglect was estimated. Secondly, the cumulative and independent effects of maternal ACEs on infant neglect were explored using the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire-Revised (ACEQ-R) with 14 types of ACEs. Finally, the different patterns of 14 maternal ACEs were identified, and the association between the different patterns and infant neglect was explored. There were three main findings. First, infants born to mothers with ACEs experienced higher levels of neglect compared to those born to mothers without ACEs. Second, infants born to mothers with three or more subtypes of ACEs experienced the greatest levels of neglect, with maternal childhood physical neglect emerging as a particularly influential factor. Third, infants in the “median maternal ACEs” and “high maternal neglect and poor peer relationship” groups experienced more severe neglect than those in the “low maternal ACEs” group. These results suggest that early life experiences substantially shape future parenting behaviors, such as infant neglect.
Learning From Parents: Implementation of a Parent-Mediated Positive Behavior Support Program Targeting Challenging Behavior in Children With Autism
Authors: Mestari Zakaria , Rivard Mélina , Mello Catherine
Published: May 2024

Challenging behaviors (CBs) are frequently observed in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are known to have negative effects on parents’ stress and well-being, as well as on overall family quality of life. Research has shown that professional support such as the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce (PTR) program has the potential to alleviate those effects. Although several studies have empirically demonstrated this positive behavior support program in managing children’s CB, its implementation by community-based educators among parents of children with ASD has yet to be examined. This study assessed the facilitators and obstacles to this program’s implementation as perceived by 19 parents using interviews and questionnaires. Participants emphasized the significance of setting clear expectations, defining roles, and providing continuous feedback during the implementation process to promote their initiative and enhance their active participation. They recognized the difficulties of implementing the program within a family setting but emphasized the valuable presence of educators in the home, which improved their understanding of family dynamics. Parents valued effective and respectful support from educators, although some encountered disagreements during coaching sessions, highlighting the need for improved educator training with practical coaching and a greater recognition of the family’s perspective.
Same-day Discharge for Cleft Palate Repair: A Single-Surgeon Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Diaz Allison L. , Groysman Leya , Camison Liliana , Flores Roberto L. , Staffenberg David A.
Published: May 2024

Objective

To evaluate the safety of same-day discharge for patients undergoing primary cleft palate repair

Design

Single-surgeon retrospective review

Setting

Tertiary care institution

Patients/Participants

40 consecutive patients that underwent primary cleft palate repair by a single surgeon from September 2018 to June 2023

Interventions

Same-day discharge versus overnight admission after primary palatoplasty

Main Outcome Measures

30-day readmission, reoperation, wound and all-cause complication rate and 1-year fistula incidence

Results

Of 40 total cases, 20 patients were discharged on the same calendar day and 20 patients were admitted for overnight stay following primary cleft palate repair. In the same-day discharge group, readmission incidence was 10%(n = 2), wound complication incidence was 5%(n = 1), and postoperative complication incidence was 15%(n = 3). In comparison, patients admitted overnight had a readmission incidence of 5%(n = 1, P = 1.00), wound complication incidence of 10%(n = 2, P = 1.00), and postoperative complications of 20%(n = 4, P = 1.00) No patients had 30-day reoperations or fistulas at 1 year. A higher proportion of admitted patients held a preoperative diagnosis of unilateral cleft palate and alveolus (Veau 3) as compared to patients discharged on the same day ( P = .019). During the postoperative hospital course, admitted patients received significantly more oxycodone at median of 2 doses (IQR 1.00–3.75) and acetaminophen at a median of 4 doses (IQR 3.00–5.00) than patients with same-day discharge with a median of 1 dose (IQR 0.00 –1.00, P < .001).

Conclusions

In a low-risk patient population, same-day discharge following primary cleft palate repair may be safely undertaken and result in similar short-term outcomes and 1-year fistula incidence as patients admitted for overnight stay.
The Effects of Electoral Violence on Women’s Legislative Representation
Authors: Wood Reed M.
Published: May 2024

Despite the global expansion in women’s access to political leadership in recent decades, female parliamentarians remain a distinct minority in most national legislatures. Previous studies have linked variations in women’s descriptive representation to international and domestic security threats, such as interstate war and transnational terrorist campaigns. However, existing research has thus far overlooked how the turbulence, unrest, and violence often associated with the election process itself may produce gendered electoral outcomes. I argue that violent contention in the period immediately preceding elections introduces gendered distortions to the political recruitment process that determines the gender composition of legislatures. The cumulative effect of these distortions is a reduction in the proportion of legislative seats subsequently held by women. To evaluate my hypothesis, I analyze data from 620 nominally competitive legislative elections in 128 countries between 1990 and 2012. Consistent with expectations, the results suggest that higher levels of election-related violence are associated with lower rates of women's descriptive representation.
A Comprehensive Pathophysiologic, Histologic, and Biochemical Analysis of Buthus paris (C. L. Koch, 1839) Venom
Authors: Elmourid Abdessamad , Elhidan My Abdelmonaim , Boussaa Samia , Laaradia Mehdi Ait , Bouimeja Btissam , Amahmid Omar , Merzouki Mohamed , Touloun Oulaid
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Buthus species, including B paris, are classified as one of the most dangerous scorpion genera in Morocco, implicated in several cases of human death. Our objective is to characterize, for the first time, the toxicity and histopathologic and biochemical impacts of B paris venom.

Methods

We investigated the experimental pathophysiology of B paris venom by examining histologic changes in vital organs (heart, kidneys, liver, and lungs) and assessing biochemical enzymatic markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, urea, and creatinine) in mice injected subcutaneously with 2 doses of 400 and 450 mg·kg–1.

Results

Our results showed that the subcutaneous median lethal dose of B paris venom was around 0.52 mg·kg–1. Histologic findings revealed significant tissue damage in the previously mentioned vital organs, confirmed through biochemical analysis indicating impaired heart and liver functions. Additionally, an increase in urea, creatinine, and glucose levels occurred following B paris venom injection.

Conclusion

Our findings show that B paris venom exhibits a high level of experimental toxicity. These results highlight the potentially lethal nature of this venom and emphasize the potential medical importance of this species.
Association Between Systemic Immune Inflammation Indexes and DVT in Patients With Malignancy Requiring PICC Insertion
Authors: Li Na , Huang Jing , Feng You , Yan Hucheng , Min Shihui , Chen Xin
Published: May 2024

Background: In order to reduce the risk of leakage of cytotoxic agents, peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are widely used in patients diagnosed with malignancy before chemotherapy. While inflammation has been demonstrated to be associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the connection between systemic immune inflammation indexes and the formation of PICC-DVT remains unclear. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the association between PICC-DVT and systemic immune inflammation indexes including platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI). Methods: From August 2018 to October 2021, we enrolled consecutive patients diagnosed with malignancy who underwent PICC implantation before chemotherapy. DVT was assessed using color Doppler ultrasonography. Results: Among the 513 patients, 57 patients (11.1%) developed PICC-DVT. The optimal cutoff values for PLR, SII and SIRI were 260.1, 1318.7, and 2.7, respectively. Based on the multiple logistic regression analysis, correlations were found between PICC-DVT and elevated PLR ( p = .014), SII ( p = .012), and SIRI ( p = .022). Patients with malignancy having higher values of PLR, SII or SIRI tended to be more likely to develop PICC-DVT. Conclusions: The systemic immune inflammation indexes increases the risk of PICC-DVT and could be used as auxiliary predictive tests for PICC-DVT.
Extra-articular hip resection with maintenance of pelvic continuity in malignant tumours of the proximal femur with articular invasion
Authors: Odri Guillaume-Anthony , Yatim Cédric , Yoon Diane Ji Yun , Bouche Pierre-Alban , Severyns Mathieu , Bizot Pascal
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Extra-articular hip resection may be necessary in cases of malignant tumour of the pelvic bone or of the proximal femur invading the hip joint. When the tumour is in the proximal femur, it is possible to resect the acetabulum en bloc by performing a periacetabular osteotomy, but this creates a discontinuity in the pelvic ring with difficult reconstruction and diminished function. Several techniques described recently seek to be as sparing as possible on the pelvic bone by preserving the posterior column or both columns in order to facilitate reconstruction and improve function. However, these still require complex reconstructions and can necessitate intra-pelvic dissection.

Technique:

We describe here an extra-articular hip resection technique for tumours of the proximal femur invading the joint, with maintenance of pelvic continuity by preserving both columns and the quadrilateral plate of the acetabulum, without intra-pelvic dissection, that can be performed on patients in whom the medial wall of the acetabulum is thick enough. Our preliminary assessments have included studies on dry bone and imaging analyses. The technique was first tested on a single cadaver pelvis (encompassing 2 hips) and subsequently performed on a patient with a pathological fracture of the femoral neck due to osteosarcoma secondary to Paget’s disease.

Conclusions:

Further clinical applications are essential to evaluate the overall effectiveness, safety and impact on patient functionality of this experimental technique.
Meaningful cognitive change for the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Portaccio Emilio , Grossi Paola , Bellomi Fabio , Bianchi Valentina , Cilia Sabina , Falautano Monica , Goretti Benedetta , Niccolai Claudia , Pietrolongo Erika , Viterbo Rosa Gemma , Amato Maria Pia
Published: May 2024

Background:

There is limited information on interpretation of cognitive changes over time in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective:

This study aimed to provide normative data for the assessment of statistically meaningful change in all tests of the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS).

Methods:

We applied the reliable change methodology to a healthy Italian cohort, assessed with two alternate versions of the MACFIMS 1 year apart. We calculated confidence intervals of retest score variance using the reliable change index (RCI). Moreover, multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, and baseline score were built to calculate the regression-based change index (RB-CI).

Results:

Overall, 200 healthy individuals were enrolled. Thresholds for interpreting change in each test were calculated. In the multivariable models, baseline score was associated with retest score in all tests ( B from 0.439 to 0.760; p < 0.001). RB-CI can be calculated with data of the multivariable models.

Conclusion:

We provide normative data for reliable cognitive change evaluation for all the tests of the MACFIMS, which includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS, two widely used tools for screening and monitoring cognition in MS. Our findings can significantly improve the interpretation of cognitive changes in MS.
A scoping review investigating the perspectives of people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities on experiences of cyberbullying victimisation and its subtypes
Authors: Clements Fiona A , Orchard Lisa J , Chadwick Darren D
Published: May 2024

This scoping review examines cyberbullying victimisation in people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities, focusing on specific types of cyberbullying behaviours, such as flaming, harassment, and stalking. A five-stage review of empirical research was conducted using 15 electronic databases, covering publications from October 1969 to January 2024. Twelve studies were selected, reporting cyberbullying victimisation rates ranging from 5% to 64%. Harassment was the most common behaviour experienced. However, flaming, cyber-stalking, griefing, and shaming have not been thoroughly investigated. The impact and coping strategies, including support mechanisms, also lack research. Further investigation is needed to understand the various types of cyberbullying experienced by people with intellectual disabilities and to develop coping and resilience strategies. Recommendations for future research and practice are provided.
Preoperative anxiety in the paediatric population in a tertiary hospital: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Carbó Adriana , Michavila Laura , Ros Bibiana , Tresandi Daniel , Ramirez-Paesano Carlos , Matute Purificación , Carrero Enrique
Published: May 2024

Aim:

To analyse preoperative paediatric anxiety in a tertiary hospital and influencing factors.

Design and Methods:

This study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional study. One hundred patients between two and 12 years old who underwent elective surgical intervention were included. All patients received oral or written information about the anaesthetic-surgical process and waited in a playroom before surgery. Preoperative paediatric anxiety was assessed using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale and its short form. Collaboration during anaesthesia induction was evaluated using the Induction Compliance Checklist and postoperative pain evaluated using Wong–Baker Scale. We performed a descriptive and comparative analysis of the results overall.

Results:

We found a high incidence of preoperative anxiety, especially during anaesthetic induction. Children aged two to five years, female sex and otorhinolaryngology surgery were associated with a higher incidence of preoperative anxiety.

Conclusions:

Providing oral and written information and waiting in the playing room before surgery are insufficient measures to prevent preoperative paediatric anxiety.
Neither words nor materiality are enough: The role of testimony in the preservation of an Argentine clandestine detention center
Authors: Rozas-Krause Valentina
Published: May 2024

The essay analyzes the efforts to preserve Club Atlético, a site that served as a clandestine detention, torture, and killing center under the Argentine civic-military dictatorship (1976–1983). Located in the south part of Buenos Aires, Club Atlético is a memory site in ruins: its materiality challenges architectural design conventions. Examining (1) historical artifacts, the (2) archeological excavation, and (3) a virtual reconstruction of Club Atlético, this article reveals the multiple ways in which a site of memory can be represented, beyond the traditional memorial. Focusing on these three scales, it explores the relationship between the many written and oral survivors’ testimonies and the material evidence retrieved from the site, while also recognizing the tensions that emerge from Club Atlético’s dual function as archeological site and space of memory. Ultimately, the article reveals, how testimony is used to draw physical and metaphorical boundaries between the site as a place of memory and the site as heritage.
Correlation Between the Glycemia Risk Index and Longitudinal Hemoglobin A1c in Children and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Panfil Kelsey , Redel Jacob M. , Vandervelden Craig A. , Lockee Brent , Kahkoska Anna R. , Tallon Erin M. , Williams David D. , Clements Mark A.
Published: May 2024

Background:

The glycemia risk index (GRI) is a composite metric developed and used to estimate quality of glycemia in adults with diabetes who use continuous glucose monitor (CGM) devices. In a cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), we examined the utility of the GRI for evaluating quality of glycemia between clinic visits by analyzing correlations between the GRI and longitudinal glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures.

Method:

Using electronic health records and CGM data, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to analyze the relationship between the GRI and longitudinal HbA1c measures in youth (T1D duration ≥1 year; ≥50% CGM wear time) receiving care from a Midwest pediatric diabetes clinic network (March 2016 to May 2022). Furthermore, we analyzed correlations between HbA1c and the GRI high and low components, which reflect time spent with high/very high and low/very low glucose, respectively.

Results:

In this cohort of 719 youth (aged = 2.5-18.0 years [median = 13.4; interquartile range [IQR] = 5.2]; 50.5% male; 83.7% non-Hispanic White; 68.0% commercial insurance), baseline GRI scores positively correlated with HbA1c measures at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months later (r = 0.68, 0.65, 0.60, 0.57, and 0.52, respectively). At all time points, strong positive correlations existed between HbA1c and time spent in hyperglycemia. Substantially weaker, negative correlations existed between HbA1c and time spent in hypoglycemia.

Conclusions:

In youth with T1D, the GRI may be useful for evaluating quality of glycemia between scheduled clinic visits. Additional CGM-derived metrics are needed to quantify risk for hypoglycemia in this population.
Journaling About the Futures- Personal Reflection From the Research “About Time”
Authors: Doherty Justyna
Published: May 2024

The research initiative titled “About Time” undertaken at the Institute of Art, Design + Technology (IADT) in Ireland, sought to develop and assess design-led methods aimed at shaping and influencing attitudes towards the long-term future. The primary focus was influencing behaviours concerning individual futures and the planet. This study encompassed exercises and experiences to explore the intricate connections between past and future, delving into the multidimensional nature of time, art and creativity. Additionally, it aimed to foster positive futures and long-term thinking, reflect on ways to respond to global uncertainty, effect transformative change, and open new dimensions of understanding. The outcome of this research is The Barometer - a template of a journal/sketchbook intended to facilitate deep contemplation of the subject of time and the futures. Filled with creative tasks and prompts, it serves as a vehicle and tool to enhance futures literacy in participants. Seamlessly blending foresight, art, and creativity it extends a playful invitation to engage in reflection, futures thinking, speculation, and world-building. It also serves as a starting point for fostering long-term thinking, by establishing a close emotional connection to future generations, as well as nature connectedness, while addressing the challenges posed by the climate emergency. In this reflection, the author of the study offers insights into the research process, the underlying concept of the journal, and feedback obtained from the test group. The reflection delves into the synergy of creativity and art with future-focused journaling portraying it as a means to enhance futures literacy capabilities. Furthermore, this approach represents a significant stride in fostering sustainable practices and holds the potential to become a robust support tool for resilience, particularly in the face of uncertainties, trauma, and challenging circumstances. Further details: https://pdl.iadt.ie/programme/about-time/
Take vedolizumab home: transition from intravenous to subcutaneous treatment
Authors: Huang Kaituo , Yao Lingya , Liu Jing , Cao Qian
Published: May 2024

In 2020, the European Medicines Agency approved subcutaneous (SC) vedolizumab (VDZ) for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This article reviews the efficacy, safety, persistence, pharmacology, patient satisfaction, and economic implications of transitioning to SC VDZ treatment and explores whether SC formulations can be recommended by the same guidelines as intravenous (IV) formulations. Clinical trials and real-world evidence indicate that transitioning from IV to SC VDZ in patients with IBD maintains clinical, biochemical, and patient-reported clinical remission and is well-tolerated, with no new safety issues identified, except for injection site reactions. Moreover, SC VDZ has an exposure–response relationship and low immunogenicity, is economical, and provides a high level of patient satisfaction. Owing to these advantages, transitioning may be advisable. In the future, more studies are needed to clarify the exact role of SC VDZ in IBD treatment, including optimization and transitioning strategies and individualized treatments based on baseline characteristics.
Sequential graph convolutional network and DeepRNN based hybrid framework for epileptic seizure detection from EEG signal
Authors: Jibon Ferdaus Anam , Jamil Chowdhury A. R. , Miraz Mahadi Hasan , Jin Hwang Ha , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Sultana Sajia , Nur Sifat , Siddiqui Fazlul Hasan , Kamal AHM , Salman Mohammad , Youssef Ahmed A. F.
Published: May 2024

Automated epileptic seizure detection from ectroencephalogram (EEG) signals has attracted significant attention in the recent health informatics field. The serious brain condition known as epilepsy, which is characterized by recurrent seizures, is typically described as a sudden change in behavior caused by a momentary shift in the excessive electrical discharges in a group of brain cells, and EEG signal is primarily used in most cases to identify seizure to revitalize the close loop brain. The development of various deep learning (DL) algorithms for epileptic seizure diagnosis has been driven by the EEG's non-invasiveness and capacity to provide repetitive patterns of seizure-related electrophysiological information. Existing DL models, especially in clinical contexts where irregular and unordered structures of physiological recordings make it difficult to think of them as a matrix; this has been a key disadvantage to producing a consistent and appropriate diagnosis outcome due to EEG's low amplitude and nonstationary nature. Graph neural networks have drawn significant improvement by exploiting implicit information that is present in a brain anatomical system, whereas inter-acting nodes are connected by edges whose weights can be determined by either temporal associations or anatomical connections. Considering all these aspects, a novel hybrid framework is proposed for epileptic seizure detection by combined with a sequential graph convolutional network (SGCN) and deep recurrent neural network (DeepRNN). Here, DepRNN is developed by fusing a gated recurrent unit (GRU) with a traditional RNN; its key benefit is that it solves the vanishing gradient problem and achieve this hybrid framework greater sophistication. The line length feature, auto-covariance, auto-correlation, and periodogram are applied as a feature from the raw EEG signal and then grouped the resulting matrix into time-frequency domain as inputs for the SGCN to use for seizure classification. This model extracts both spatial and temporal information, resulting in improved accuracy, precision, and recall for seizure detection. Extensive experiments conducted on the CHB-MIT and TUH datasets showed that the SGCN-DeepRNN model outperforms other deep learning models for seizure detection, achieving an accuracy of 99.007%, with high sensitivity and specificity.
An Introduction to  ‘Agile for HR’ Through  the Development of  an Agile Operating  Mindset
Authors: D’Souza Anil
Published: May 2024

An understanding of Agile principles and a readiness mindset for human resources professionals play a crucial role in determining the application of Agile for HR in an organisational context. With the rise in extended and non-linear workforce configurations and geo-neutral team arrangements, Agile organisations necessitate that the nature of the HR function evolve from working through traditional architectural models and quickly adopting Agile models of functional excellence. The dearth of literature on understanding and implementing Agile practices in the HR function within enterprises requires a clear examination of the advantages of going Agile for HR. This essay explores the intuitive concept of Agile HR and operating schema, which can develop as a starting point in examining an understanding of how Agile practices in HR can evolve for sustainable enterprises and some challenges that are encountered.
An Exploration of the Memory Performance in Older Adult Hearing Aid Users on the Integrated Digit-in-Noise Test
Authors: Wang Shangqiguo , Wong Lena L. N.
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to preliminarily investigate the associations between performance on the integrated Digit-in-Noise Test (iDIN) and performance on measures of general cognition and working memory (WM). The study recruited 81 older adult hearing aid users between 60 and 95 years of age with bilateral moderate to severe hearing loss. The Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MoCA-BC) was used to screen older adults for mild cognitive impairment. Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured using 2- to 5-digit sequences of the Mandarin iDIN. The differences in SRT between five-digit and two-digit sequences (SRT5−2), and between five-digit and three-digit sequences (SRT5−3), were used as indicators of memory performance. The results were compared to those from the Digit Span Test and Corsi Blocks Tapping Test, which evaluate WM and attention capacity. SRT5−2 and SRT5−3 demonstrated significant correlations with the three cognitive function tests ( rs ranging from −.705 to −.528). Furthermore, SRT5−2 and SRT5−3 were significantly higher in participants who failed the MoCA-BC screening compared to those who passed. The findings show associations between performance on the iDIN and performance on memory tests. However, further validation and exploration are needed to fully establish its effectiveness and efficacy.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exendin 4 ameliorates diabetes-associated vascular calcification by regulating mitophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Kui , Jin Hao-jie , Wu Zi-heng , Zhang Bao-fu , Wu Jun , Huang Zi-yi , Huang Ying-peng , Lu Xin-wu , Zheng Xiang-tao
Published: May 2024

Background

Vascular calcification (VC) is a complication in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Osteogenic phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a critical role in diabetes-related VC. Mitophagy can inhibit phenotype switching in VSMCs. This study aimed to investigate the role of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin 4 (EX4) in mitophagy-induced phenotype switching.

Materials and methods

The status of VC in T2DM mice was monitored using Von Kossa and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining in mouse aortic tissue. Human aortic smooth muscle cells were cultured in high glucose (HG) and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) conditioned medium. Accumulation of LC3B and p62 was detected in the mitochondrial fraction. The effect of EX4 in vitro and in vivo was investigated by knocking down AMPKα1.

Results

In diabetic VC mice, EX4 decreased the percentage of von Kossa/ARS positive area. EX4 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of HG/β-GP-induced VSMCs. In HG/β-GP-induced VSMCs, the number of mitophagosomes was increased, whereas the addition of EX4 restored mitochondrial function, increased the number of mitophagosome-lysosome fusions, and reduced p62 in mitochondrial frictions. EX4 increased the phosphorylation of AMPKα (Thr172) and ULK1 (Ser555) in HG/β-GP-induced VSMCs. After knockdown of AMPKα1, ULK1 could not be activated by EX4. The accumulation of LC3B and p62 could not be reduced after AMPKα1 knockdown. Knockdown of AMPKα1 negated the therapeutic effects of EX4 on VC of diabetic mice.

Conclusion

EX4 could promote mitophagy by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, attenuate insufficient mitophagy, and thus inhibit the osteogenic phenotype switching of VSMCs.