bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Securing the Human Cloud
Authors: Meharia Pallavi , Agarwal Dharma Prakash
Published: May 2016

Wearable technology is rapidly changing the way we associate objects with our surroundings, and how we interact with the objects. As technology becomes more commonplace in our surroundings, our lives are rendered more vulnerable. As technology becomes more sophisticated, our interaction with it seems to become progressively minimalistic. This chapter introduces techniques wherein secure communication between humans and their surrounding devices can be facilitated by applying human physiological information as the identifying factor. Different biometric techniques are investigated, and the rationale behind their applicability is argued. Additionally, the benefits and possible use-cases for each technique is presented, and the associated open research problems are brought to light.
Secure Key Establishment in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bala Suman , Sharma Gaurav , Verma Anil K.
Published: May 2016

Over the last two decades, advancement in pervasive sensing, embedded computing and wireless communication has lead an attention to a new research area of engineered systems termed as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). CPS has bridged the gap between the physical world to the cyber world. It is envisioned that Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) plays an important role in the actuality of CPS. Due to wireless communication in WSN, it is more vulnerable to security threats. Key establishment is an approach, which is responsible for establishing a session between two communicating parties and therefore, a lightweight key establishment scheme is essential. In this chapter, we review the state of the art of these solutions by discussing key establishment in WSN. Also, a discussion has been carried out to capture few challenges in implementing them in real and future research directions in this area are explored to transport the field to an improved level.
Reviewing the Security Features in Contemporary Security Policies and Models for Multiple Platforms
Authors: Badve Omkar , Gupta B. B. , Gupta Shashank
Published: May 2016

Numerous vulnerabilities have a tendency to taint modern real-world web applications, allowing attackers in retrieving sensitive information and exploiting genuine web applications as a platform for malware activities. Moreover, computing techniques are evolved from the large desktop computer systems to the devices like smartphones, smart watches and goggles. This needs to be ensure that these devices improve their usability and will not be utilized for attacking the personal credentilas (such as credit card numbers, transaction passwords, etc.) of the users. Therefore, there is a need of security architecture over the user's credentials so that no unauthorized user can access it. This chapter summarizes various security models and techniques that are being discovered, studied and utilized extensively in order to ensure computer security. It also discusses numerous security principles and presents the models that ensure these security principles. Security models (such as access control models, information flow models, protection ring, etc.) form the basis of various higher level and complex models. Therefore, learning such security models is very much essential for ensuring the security of the computer and cyber world.
Exploring the Impact of an Online Diversity Course for the Professional Development of Faculty and Staff
Authors: Hode Marlo Goldstein , Behm-Morawitz Elizabeth
Published: May 2016

In the context of shifting demographics and broad social change efforts, it is critical that faculty and staff at all institutional levels have the awareness, knowledge, and skills to work effectively with diverse coworkers, students, and other constituents. However, access to such educational opportunities may be hindered by the fact that faculty and staff tend to have limited availability for professional development during the regular work day and may not have the resources or incentive to pursue diversity training outside of their busy work schedules. Therefore, some universities are looking towards online platforms as a way to increase accessibility for a wider audience. In order to better understand the potential effectiveness and limitations of an online platform for diversity education, this chapter explores the impact of an online diversity course developed as a professional development program for faculty and staff at the University of the Midwest (UM).
Organizational Socialization and Workplace Diversity
Authors: Homsey Dini Massad
Published: May 2016

An organization teaches its members its culture through socialization. Sources of anticipatory socialization exceed just the organization. Many sources such as family, friends, media, communities, previous employment, and education play a role in the socialization process. Not only are people socialized into skills but also into ideals such as workplace diversity. Therefore, the teachings of such ideals need to occur before an individual enters an organization. Through socialization, members learn not only workplace skills but also ideals and concepts such as workplace diversity. Therefore, if anticipatory socialization begins before an individual enters an organization, then teaching of concepts like workplace diversity need to occur earlier as well. In order to merge theory with practice, institutions of higher education must incorporate the teaching of organizational values such as workplace diversity to adequately prepare graduates for entry into the workforce.
TIPs to Maximize Meaningful Professional Development Programs and Initiatives
Authors: Sanders Stephanie L. , Orbe Mark P.
Published: May 2016

At no other time in higher education have scholar researchers been called to demonstrate the value added of theoretically grounded diversity education. This signals the need for higher education to make deeper linkages between diversity education, learning outcomes and academic mission statements. By highlighting a few “TIPs” - attempts to move “theory into practice,” - the authors seek to answer the call to action. Through a case study approach the authors highlight a professional development program that fosters interactional diversity and serves as a catalyst for increasing awareness, mindfulness and positive organizational change. First, a diversity education initiative at a large mid-western university referred to as “The Institute” is described. Second, the theoretically grounded frameworks of anxiety/uncertainty management and relational dialectics theory is presented. Finally, the case study concludes by advocating for more robust professional development programs and initiatives that positively impact organizations. Implications for organizational leaders are discussed.
Strategic Options for MNEs Operating in Emerging Markets
Authors: Hartmann Andreas M.
Published: May 2016

This chapter outlines some of the basic opportunities, conditions, and strategic options for firms operating in emerging markets. Increasing FDI figures show that emerging markets offer many opportunities for foreign investors, but also pose specific challenges for doing business. Some factors are more abundant and less expensive, especially low to medium-skilled labor and natural resources, while sophisticated services are more difficult to obtain. A specific characteristic of emerging markets is the lack of business-enabling intermediaries. Therefore, foreign MNEs frequently need to fulfill tasks that are not within their range of activities in their home countries. Additionally, many governments in emerging economies act slowly and erratically; and laws are often not enforced systematically. In this context, foreign MNEs can choose between acquiring a local company, partnering up, or going it alone. The chapter looks at the pros and cons of these modes of internationalization and presents some concluding comments on the flexibility required by working under such conditions.
Strategies for Enhancing the Competitiveness of MNEs
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: May 2016

Globalization has dramatically changed the competitive landscape in many national markets. Dunning (1993) provided evidence that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) had doubled and even tripled in the last fifteen years in Less-Developed Countries (LDCs), generating a tremendous impact on the economic development and welfare of these countries. Yet, less attention has been given to the role that domestic customers and domestic competitors play in shaping the strategic behaviour and performance of MNEs in the targeted markets and the strategies which need to be adopted to enhance the competitiveness of MNEs. Through grounded theory approach and in depth literature review, the chapter aims to examine the positioning of MNEs to extend existing perspectives and incorporating competitive interactions between the external environments, competitive strategy and in particular, evaluates the strategic positioning and competitive behaviour of MNEs.
Ethical and Social Challenges
Authors: Francisco A Espinoza S
Published: May 2016

Globalization has been a factor that has brought countries closer worldwide, and Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) are eager to look for new market opportunities in developing countries. This chapter analyzes the implementation of MNEs' global ethical principles in business into local moral standards of societies from developing countries. The author will discuss, using current scenarios, how principles of both moral relativism and moral absolutism can provide a profitable or punishable opportunity within developing countries when MNEs operate accordingly, or not, to ethical decision making processes in business. Additionally, the chapter proposes how MNEs' managers can discover the limits of moral free space, to distinguish a moral value in tension with their own from one that is intolerable. At the end, it is expected that MNEs' managers can apply ethical decision making in business by clearly perceiving and understanding their corporate culture in a developing country society.
Measuring Multinational Enterprise Marketing Performance
Authors: Sexton Donald E.
Published: May 2016

Measuring the marketing performance of multinational enterprises poses special challenges. Coordination of marketing activities across markets is difficult due to possible differences in customer priorities and the consequent optimal positioning of products or services. The availability of marketing tactics may vary by country due to custom, infrastructure, or regulations. Country markets may be in different stages of the competitive life cycle which affects business performance. The purposes of this chapter are: 1) to examine and define a multi-country marketing strategy, 2) to explore the process of developing a multi-country marketing strategy, 3) to identify metrics for evaluating the performance of a multi-country marketing strategy, 4) to share and comment on the results of surveys of international managers with respect to their multi-country strategies and the metrics they employ to evaluate strategy performance, and 5) to suggest measures for evaluating a multi-country marketing strategy.
The Use of Technology in Organizations
Authors: Ramirez Jorge
Published: May 2016

Multinational Corporations (MNC) face the challenge of compete in the new interconnected business environment. In particular technology is recognized as a factor that boost productivity and competitiveness and drives the business connectivity which in turn involves cross-borders goods, services and financial flows. MNC is recognized as being possessed of high-tech assets, and also, resources including capital, management skills and R&D capabilities and subsidiaries can get them, from its holding company, and they transfer technology to local businesses. A knowledge transfer, running parallel to the technology transfer take place benefiting to the local economy. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is considered as the primary vehicle to facilitate technology transfer (and underlying knowledge flows) toward emerging countries. The ultimate goal of the MNC is related to leverage technology and knowledge transfer in order to maintain a competitive edge and move toward even higher value-added activities.
Emerging MNEs Successfully Operating in International Markets
Authors: Zavaleta-Vazquez Osmar Hazael , Wise-Lozano Jorge Alberto
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the most important theories that explain the possible motivations of some enterprises to compete in the international arena. Besides describing and summarizing the internationalization theories of an enterprise, the cases of some Mexican firms, which have grown successfully internationally, will be presented and compared with all the elements established in the different theories. This chapter starts by describing the different characteristics of firms competing in international markets. After that, the most important theories of MNEs are explored. The chapter ends with the discussion of the internationalization process followed by CEMEX, GRUMA and TELMEX (America Movil), Mexican enterprises that have successfully grown in the international spectrum.
Exploring the Social Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Institutional Change
Authors: Smith Natalya , Thomas Ekaterina
Published: May 2016

Despite the vast and growing literature on the economic impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), its social significance is somewhat a neglected issue. Focusing on Russia, this chapter examines the effect of FDI and (formal) institutions (proxied, alternatively, by the [1] accumulated stock of small and medium sized firms or SMEs and [2] number of economic crimes per 100,000 population or corruption) on (informal) institutional change (proxied by the change in the number of violent and property crimes per 100,000 population). The empirical findings provide robust support for a significantly positive direct impact of SMEs, whilst observing a significantly negative effect of corruption and either significantly positive impact of FDI or insignificant effect of multinational firms in this context.
The Gotheborg IV (G4) Model and the Function of Language in the Globalization Process of the Firm
Authors: Cordeiro Cheryl Marie
Published: May 2016

This chapter contributes to the theory of a firm's globalization processes reflected in the Uppsala Globalization Process Model (UGPM). The Gotheborg IV (G4) model is introduced, mapping the knowledge zones of the UGPM in a four quadrant axis model. Using language in its meta-capacity as theory and framework of analysis the G4 model makes a distinction between the words ‘enterprise' (Hn) and ‘subsidiary' (H1), addressing the core features of firm globalization with geographically dispersed foreign subsidiaries and globally coordinated activities of manufacturing, sourcing and R&D capabilities. With the distinction between Hn and H1, the G4 model is able to present eight perspectives of the globalization process from interior and exterior to the enterprise and subsidiary. As method, this chapter will show how using the G4 model results in a richer analysis and findings from qualitative data. In this study Swedish top-level managers working in Asia show how they foster an organization culture of continuous learning and change that supports the MNE's globalization efforts.
Social Capital Management Challenges
Authors: Hipsher Scott A.
Published: May 2016

Social capital is an abstract concept, yet it is widely believed the core aspects of social capital, the quality and quantity of social relationships, are important factors in organizational and individual success. An examination of the use of bonding and bridging social capital within Thailand was made. It was found, in principle; the managing of social capital in Thailand is similar to managing social capital in other locations, although the specific practices should be aligned with the unique cultural values found in Thailand. It is suggested that creating and using both bridging and bonding social capital are important components of the business environments found in Thailand.
Managing National Competitive Disadvantages
Authors: Hipsher Scott A.
Published: May 2016

There are a number of national competitive disadvantages multinational firms in Thailand face, but these disadvantages do not create insurmountable barriers. The national competitive disadvantages found in Thailand include a national brand which is not associated with advanced technology and a lack of an innovative national environment. At the strategic level, foreign multinationals can often overcome these disadvantages by using competitive advantages coming from their country of origin while local multinationals can select to operate in more mature industries or through positioning into segments where the national competitive disadvantages do not create significant barriers to success.
International Business Diplomacy
Authors: Valderrey Francisco Javier
Published: May 2016

This chapter aims to analyze conflict resolution between Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) operating in Latin America and their host countries. The chapter focuses on the importance of establishing a policy for addressing local governments through permanent channels, as a strategy to solve disagreements with the authorities. The analysis includes different scenarios drawn from the experience of foreign firms in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela. Thus, international managers may get a deeper view about the consequences of relying on formal diplomatic channels when conflict arises. Decision makers at MNEs need to evaluate separately each country outlook in order to assess the level of confidence that may be placed on diplomatic representation from the parent country and, consequently, the convenience of developing additional ties with local authorities through international business diplomacy.
Institutional Leadership and Governance
Authors: Awodun Muritala Olakitan
Published: May 2016

This chapter, which is about institutional leadership and governance, examines leadership from the institutional perspective, but, in the African context. Context is virtually important because it shapes the opportunity structure of any time (Mayo & Nohria, 2005). The peculiarity of the African continent would require that the chapter examines leadership and governance as most of the economies of Africa are still practically dominated by government activities in so many dimensions where governance is poor. Neglecting governance therefore would mean not doing justice to the leadership context. Since leadership in context is not leadership that emerges solely from the qualities of the human character, but leadership that springs forth from an appreciation and understanding of one's situation in the world, and the situation, in this respect includes; economic, social and political conditions that change over time, and these changes require distinct leadership styles and approaches for success, the tripod of institution, leadership and governance are therefore critical for success.
Multinational Enterprises and African Economy
Authors: Okon Edet E.
Published: May 2016

Africa's economy, an emerging economy is gradually being re-positioned in the global economy as a focus of investment. Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) have helped to shape the economy of Africa. An overview of Africa's economy was examined; top 20 Africa's largest economies were highlighted; major sectors perceived as paths to growth of Africa's economy were examined – Agriculture, Banking, Consumer goods, infrastructure, mining, oil and gas, and telecommunications. The chapter also enunciated the concept, ‘diversified economy' in relation to oil exporters, the transition economies and the pre-transition economies. It is therefore concluded that Multinational Enterprises will continue to contribute to the growth of Africa's economy, especially as more indigenous enterprises are being launched by African countries. It is therefore recommended that African countries should continue to diversify her economy to take advantage of large labor potential and natural resources endowment.
Social Capital Management Challenges in Malaysia
Authors: Chelliah Shankar , Lee Ming Huoy
Published: May 2016

The main objective in this chapter is to understand the challenges of Social Capital Management in Malaysia. In the same time will also explore how social capital able affect Malaysian firms to be successful in international business with the global market's environment, there is full of uncertainty impact that may affect the entrepreneur's international performance. At the end of this chapter able to have an idea how to handle social capital and outcome all challenges. Not just so, in the chapter enable managers to discover more about Malaysian culture, value and firm behavior. Social capital might not a common term that can be found in business area. In this chapter we will discuss further more in the term of social capital.
The Role of Women Directors for Malaysian Firms' Performance
Authors: Brahmana Rayenda , Chen Sze-Nee
Published: May 2016

This research aims to investigate the role of Women on Board Director on firm performance in Malaysia. We use data for all listed companies in Bursa Malaysia during the period of 2009 – 2013, and find that the proportion of women in top management jobs tends to have positive effects on firm performance, even after controlling for numerous characteristics of the firm and direction of causality. The results show that the positive effects of women in top management depend on the qualifications of female top managers. The results imply the necessity of Women in firm as board directors, because it might induce firm performance.
Gender and Ethnic Discrimination
Authors: Jahan Ferdous , Wahab Sharif Abdul , Hafiz Fairooz Binte
Published: May 2016

Socioeconomic inequality among men and women is a major hindrance in ensuring equal advancement for all human being to live a dignified life. Minority status of women further exacerbates inequalities faced by women belonging to small ethnic groups. The chapter explores gender inequality across three small ethnic minorities' groups in Bangladesh. Applying Nussbaum's capability approach to analyze the situation of women with different social and ethnic identities, this chapter unpacks the three-fold barriers experienced by women belonging to minorities groups – first, as minority group, second as women and third as minority women. Lack of awareness, perceiving their “present state” as destiny, social and local norms and patriarchal way of thinking force these women to live with identity of secondary citizens.
Beauty, Choice, and Empowerment
Authors: Hosain Jinat
Published: May 2016

This study tries to explore the interrelated dynamics among cosmetic surgery, choice and empowerment. While poverty, poor health accessibility and gender inequality are common problems in Bangladesh, a growing number of cosmetic clinics are being established and a number of women are increasingly taking up cosmetic surgeries. This study seeks to explore why women choose cosmetic surgeries for beautification, how they experience it and whether cosmetic surgery leads women to be empowered or not. Using qualitative research methods, this study used in-depth semi structured interview, observation and case study method to collect the data from the different cosmetic surgery patients, coming from both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. The data was further analyzed by coding informants' responses into themes based on the research objectives and the theory, named ‘empowerment'. The study shows that even if the women choose surgery, it does not necessarily enhance their empowerment. That is the surgery that brings changes in physical appearance and might make them attractive, but it contributes little socially in terms of enabling them to make own decision in the contest of family and in community. Rather these women act as prescribed by patriarchal norms and gendered rules. Analyzing the data from theoretical point of view, this study found that the women, irrespective of regional boundaries, can rarely fulfill the condition of empowerment in relation to choice and IAP. The study concludes with some questions and queries that need more research to be answered.
Managing Corporate Reputation through Social Media
Authors: Kaul Asha , Desai Avani
Published: May 2016

The primary objective of this chapter is to highlight how social media can be used to strengthen stakeholders' relationships and build social capital for the organization, thereby enabling the organization to build, manage and sustain CR. The chapter begins with a brief overview of existing thought, approaches and terminology related to CR and proceeds to identify the interactions of each stakeholder with the organization through social media. The tenability of various forms of social media as viral videos, blogs, forums and micro blogging websites in furthering CR and the extent of their effectiveness are examined using cases derived from secondary data. Further, the chapter discusses methods of measuring the success of an organization's social media initiatives using different techniques and strategies for restoring reputation post a crisis by using social media. Finally, the chapter demonstrates a systematic process of strategizing and planning CR using social media and creating organizational infrastructure to achieve this end.
Concept and Importance of Online Reputation Management
Authors: Singh Vinod Kumar , Sharma Naman
Published: May 2016

Gone are the days when Consumers had fewer product choices and companies had fewer sources of finding the right candidates for their work. Thanks to technology and globalization, things have changed. In this age of technology and speed, it becomes tough to overcome competition and make a successful career or business. One thing that may certainly help in achieving the above is a good reputation. Building a good reputation may take a long time but for maintaining it intact or destroying it entirely just takes few minutes. Online reputation is a newer term which basically deals with the rapport of a person or brand that has been build online. There are several online reputation management firms which earns millions of dollars every year from individuals and organizations just to maintain their good reputation on online platforms. This chapter discusses these concepts and techniques of online reputation management.
Social CRM
Authors: Soler-Labajos Neus , Jiménez-Zarco Ana Isabel
Published: May 2016

The advent of the web 2.0 in general and the social networks in particular has altered the consumer behavior with brands, consumer becoming the protagonist of his relationship with the companies. The consumer is no longer passive, but someone who belongs to an interactive user community, whose opinion influences the decision making of others and the company. And companies, therefore, need to understand how to structure content and branding strategies where clients not only communicate with the company, but each other, in real time: the social media. Social networks, as currently represent the opportunity to get the engagement of customers and prospects in a way that can not be achieved by other means, become a single source of information that must be integrated into the software of the company, allowing the conversion of conversation into a transaction. So having a database of clients with personal information is no longer enough, and is required to obtain qualitative features that enable the company to know more about consumers and provide, as a result, a greater brand value. The Social CRM is a tool that incorporates the information obtained from the social networks to the traditional CRM, to ensure that the company is better informed about its customers and gets a much more solid basis for decision making, customizing the offer and adding value to the customer.
Virtual Atmosphere, Emotions, Attitudes and Real Use
Authors: Moreira António C. , Ferreira Mariana Mira , Macedo Pedro
Published: May 2016

This study involves several theories, namely: the theory of reasoned action, the technology acceptance model, the theory of planned behavior and the internet banking acceptance model. It aims to understand the relationships between the virtual atmosphere and emotional states, how the individual characteristics (social identity, altruism and telepresence) and emotional states influence attitudes, and how attitudes, past experience and trust influence actual use of a site. To this end, the authors developed three conceptual models explaining the relationships among the above-mentioned variables. Methodologically, descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and the generalized maximum entropy estimator are used to test the three models in a wedding site. Of the eight hypotheses proposed, one can only partially validate hypotheses h1, h2, h3 and h6, while hypothesis h7 is accepted and the remaining are rejected.
Nanotechnology Future and Present in Construction Industry
Authors: Hasan Umair , Chegenizadeh Amin , Nikraz Hamid
Published: May 2016

After the introduction of nanotechnology, it has been widely researched in geotechnical engineering field. This chapter aims to study these advancements with specific focus on geotechnical applications. In-situ probing of soil and rock masses through nanomaterials may help in providing better safeguards against natural hazards. The molecular dynamics and finite element methods may also be used for the modelling of the nanostructures to better understand the material behavior, causing a bottom-up approach from nano to macroscopic simulations. Nanoclays, nano-metallic oxides and fibers (carbon nanotubes) can enhance the mechanical characteristics of weak, reactive and soft soils. Nanomaterials may also be used for improving the performance of reinforced concrete pavements by enhancing the thermal, mechanical and electrical characteristics of the concrete mixes. The chapter presents a review of the current researches and practices in the nano-probing, nanoscale modelling and application of nanomaterials for soil, pavement concrete mortar and subgrade stabilization.
Recent Trends and Advancement in Nanotechnology for Water and Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Banerjee Sushmita , Gautam Ravindra Kumar , Gautam Pavan Kumar , Jaiswal Amita , Chattopadhyaya Mahesh Chandra
Published: May 2016

Fast growing demand of fresh water due to increasing population and industrialization dictated research interests towards development of techniques that offers highly efficient and affordable methods of wastewater treatment. In recent decades water treatment using nano-technological based expertise have gained significant attention. Varieties of nanoparticles were synthesized and proficiently used in treatment of wide range of organic and inorganic contaminants from waste streams. This chapter encompasses recent development in nano-technological approach towards water and wastewater treatment. The authors tried to compile up to-date development, properties, application, and mechanisms of the nanoparticles used for decontamination purpose. This piece of work offer a well organized comprehensive assessment of the technology that delineates opportunities as well as its limitation in water management practices moreover few recommendations for future research are also proposed.
A Survey on Access Control Techniques for Social Networks
Authors: Asim Yousra , Malik Ahmad Kamran
Published: May 2016

Online Social Networks (OSN) are getting popular day by day. Users share their information in OSN with others users. Access control is required to prevent unauthorized access to this information. Several studies have been conducted for access control in social networks. This chapter is a survey of available access control models/techniques based on social networks. Available access control models can be categorized as relationship-based, attributes-based, community structure-based and user activity centric model. A number of techniques have been proposed by several authors for access control in social networks. Most of the approaches use Social Network Analysis (SNA) techniques, others use user related information, for example, attributes or activities, the rest use a combination of approaches.
Identification and Adaptive Trust Negotiation in Interconnected Systems
Authors: Sanzi Eugene , Demurjian Steven A.
Published: May 2016

Creating an online identity via a username/password does not provide the ability to establish trust with other systems in order to get access to unauthorized information in a time-critical situation. Trust is the ability of two entities to believe one another at some level, so that they can interact in a secure manner, e.g., a physician at one hospital may need to obtain medical data on a patient from another hospital to treat a patient, facilitated if there is a trusted relationship. This chapter explores adaptive trust negotiation that obtains near real-time permission to access a system to which a user has never previously been authorized to, so that the system receiving the request can adjust its security policies depending on the attributes that the requester possesses. To accomplish this, a set of interacting systems (e.g., from different hospitals) can be augmented with identity management and adaptive trust negotiation to create a means where multiple disparate systems can make informed and dynamic security decisions about users relative to their defined security policies.
Intelligent Multi-Domain RBAC Model
Authors: Ghazal Rubina , Malik Ahmad Kamran , Qadeer Nauman , Ahmed Mansoor
Published: May 2016

The information sharing tends to be dynamic in multi-domains because different teams are sharing information in a Collaborative Working Environment (CWE). The secure information sharing is a challenge in such environments. The Role Based Access Control (RBAC) is an efficient model for rights management in large systems, but it does not handle dynamisms of collaboration in multi-domain environments to access resources at a fine-grained level. The research aimed to address this issue of secure information and data sharing across multiple domains. The proposed model extends the RBAC model using intelligent agents, ontologies and design patterns. It introduces multi-agent monitors for role and permission assignments, session tracking, constraint handling and maintaining role hierarchy semantically. These agents use deductive learning to adapt changes and help in decision making for role and permission assignment. The model's working is discussed using a case scenario to ensure secure collaboration in a multi-domain environment.
Towards User Authentication Requirements for Mobile Computing
Authors: Sánchez Yaira K. Rivera , Demurjian Steven A.
Published: May 2016

The emergence and ubiquity of mobile computing has placed powerful capabilities in one's hand providing a wide range of applications such as email, calendar, photos, browsers, social network, communication, shopping, health and fitness, games etc., which were once restricted to traditional platforms. Such applications on a single mobile device raise critical security issues related to managing identity, re-authenticating users that stay active for long periods of time, protecting sensitive PII and PHI against access and misuse, insuring secure transactions, and protecting the physical device. This chapter explores user authentication requirements for mobile computing by: evaluating alternative user authentication requirements in order to make recommendations on their usage in authentication; identifying authentication methods used in mobile healthcare applications; and proposing a set of requirements for user authentication to handle the situation when a user seeks to be securely authenticated across a set of applications that are placed into context within a framework.
Usage-Based Access Control for Cloud Applications
Authors: Ghazi Yumna , Masood Rahat , Shibli Muhammad Awais , Khurshid Sara
Published: May 2016

The Cloud technology takes Service Oriented Architecture to the next level, where applications and infrastructure can be outsourced over the internet. It affords flexibility to businesses in terms of the on-demand scalability of services as well as the corresponding payment model. However, these advantages do not make up for the inherent security weaknesses in the Cloud. Among various concerns, Cloud providers struggle to provide adequate authorization mechanisms that would protect customer's critical data. In this regard, Usage Control (UCON) is considered to be the next generation model for digital rights management for all the service models of Cloud. Limited literature work exists on the UCON model; however, new tracks need to be laid out to make this model comply with international standards and policy languages. This chapter provides standardized UCON policy specifications, which will help in the effective development of access control for the Cloud environment.
Aerodynamic Essentials for Crew Station Design Teams
Authors: Smith Kevin M.
Published: May 2016

Increasing emphasis is being placed on various aspects of flight dynamics in aviation. This includes such things as upset and stall recovery, wind shear recovery, and approach instability recovery. Operators, safety analysts, and designers are now actively discussing “dynamic situation awareness.” Because of this, there is the need to understand the dynamic nature of flight operations, and incorporate this understanding in state-of-the-art flight deck systems and training programs. This article offers designers, operators, and trainers a quick review of some of the most important aspects of flight dynamics so as to develop programs, procedures, and systems that contribute directly to improving dynamic situation awareness.
Advanced Technologies for Bombproof Cargo Containers and Blast Containment Units for the Retrofitting of Passenger Airplanes
Authors: Bardaro Danilo , Bozzolo Alessandro , Zangani Donato
Published: May 2016

Commercial aviation can be protected from the threat of explosives in two ways, either by preventing explosives from reaching the aircraft or by mitigating the effects of an explosive by protecting the aircraft from an onboard explosion. The containment units under study aim at acting as complementary and passive security measures for passengers and cabin crew. The proposed concept is a container where an internal high strength layer made of ballistic textiles is used to stop blast fragments, coupled with an external layer deforming in a controlled way during the explosion, designed to fully contain the blast pressure. The current research builds upon the positive results of such concept from a campaign of blast tests and extending its application by developing solutions for the protection of wide-body aircrafts and addressing the Least Risk Bomb Location (LRBL) directive.
The Consequence of Customer Verbal Aggression-the Moderating Roles of Person-Organization Fit
Authors: Yeh Ching-Wen
Published: May 2016

This study integrated research on stimulus–organism–response and COR theory to examine whether customer verbal aggression lead to employee service sabotage through emotional dissonance and whether person-organization fit moderate the relationship between customer verbal aggression and emotional dissonance. To achieve this goal, this study surveyed flight attendants employed by six airlines in Taiwan. Out of 1000 questionnaires distributed, 504 valid questionnaires were returned, yielding a valid response rate of 50.4 percent. The research results demonstrate that emotional dissonance partially mediates the relationship between the customer verbal aggression and emotional dissonance. Additionally, person-organization fit negatively moderates the relationship between customer verbal aggression and emotional dissonance. Based on these results, suggestions regarding service management are presented as a reference for airlines.
Optimal Selection of Business Managers for Integrated Marketing Communications Companies Using AHP and GRA
Authors: Hsu Pi-Fang , Lin En-Ping , Tsai Chia-Wen
Published: May 2016

As today's consumers encounter different types of media, communication channel has become omnipresent. The vast array of marketing tools available to advertisers have lessened the use of traditional media advertising and seen the rapid rise of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) in response to it. This study establishes a model divided into two sections. The first part uses the relevant literature and a Modified Delphi Method to find the best selection criteria for an IMC company's business manager, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the relative weights of the criteria. The second part uses the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to rank the alternatives and select the appropriate business manager. Finally, with an IMC company as an example, the authors use this model for empirical research. The results show that the emphasis on the criteria of professional competence, personal qualities, creative thinking, social skills and self-regulation. This research provides a new model for selecting a business manager, in addition to providing a reference basis for decision makers.
Women Can't Win
Authors: Bruner Michael S. , Valine Karissa , Ceja Berenice
Published: May 2016

This essay employs irony as a tool to make clearer the workings of one form of the e-politics of food, namely, the structural food oppression linked to the weight and shape of the female body. Arguing that the e-politics of the weight and shape of the female body is one of the most important incarnations of the e-politics of food and one of the most vigorously contested, this study examines the construction of the assumptions, the ideals, and the rules with which women must contend. The case of Rachel Frederickson, the oft-attacked winner of The Biggest Loser (2014), serves as the focus of the study. The critical rhetorical analysis finds some support for the Women Can't Win thesis. Finally, the authors offers some constructive suggestions for helping to escape the Catch-22 of fat-shaming/skinny shaming.
An Initial Examination into the Associative Nature of Systems Concepts
Authors: Thomas Charles E. , Walstrom Kent A.
Published: May 2016

Systems thinking is the application of general system theory to problem solving. The concepts of general system theory are foundational in the field of Information Systems, especially information systems analysis and design. It has been stated that the principles underlying systems thinking are extremely intuitive (Senge, 1990). This study examined the intuitive nature of basic system theory constructs. Some system theory constructs are more intuitive than others. The constructs of Input and Output were found to be more intuitive than the constructs of Relationship and Boundary. The constructs of Component and Interface were not intuitive. In an introductory exposure to systems constructs, respondents were able to identify, on average, 2.5 out of 6 constructs correctly.
Machine (Technology) Ethics
Authors: Tran Ben
Published: May 2016

At the foundational level, for computer programmers, the code that programmers build and built into, are based on instructions, and the purpose of the program it later services. But computers do not have their own discretion beyond what humans incorporate into such systems and are essentially limited only to the extent its writer chooses. However, ABET to date, does not provide assurance or require accredited colleges and universities programs in applied science, computing, engineering, and engineering technology to take ethics courses or offer ethics courses nor train graduates in ethics. Yet, graduates, who then become practitioners, and ethical agents, are expected to be ethical agents. Hence, the purpose of this article is on machine ethics, specifically, on the theoretical and philosophical meaning of ethics—different types of ethics and utilitarianism. In addition to exploring the theoretical and philosophical paradigm of ethics, technology will be defined, in relations to machine ethics.
Ethics, Decision-Making, and Risk Communication in the Era of Terroredia
Authors: Eid Mahmoud
Published: May 2016

Terrorism today is one of the most frequent global severe stress situations. The advanced and widespread new media and information technologies as well as modern tactics of terrorism make the public of any nation in exposure, directly and indirectly, to uncertain potential acts of terrorism. The relationship between terrorists and media personnel has grown widely influential, and has been described recently by the term terroredia, in which the public is the main target of both terrorism and the media. Both responsibility and rationality are fundamental weights for the effectiveness of risk communication during times of terrorism. This paper critically analyzes how policymakers in several Western countries have communicated to the public, through the media, the risk of terrorist attacks by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) against their individuals and societies. The study uncovers that rationality and responsibility are lacking in Western media decision-making regarding the risk of ISIL's potential activities.
A New Printing Revolution? 3D Printing as an Agent of Socio-Political Change
Authors: Rumpala Yannick
Published: May 2016

There is a growing interest in 3D printers because of the technical and economic implications they could have. The objective of this paper is to take the analysis further by asking to what extent they could also have a range of socio-political effects, as a consequence of their impact on the material practices of production and consumption. The first part of this contribution re-examines the promises associated with this technology and highlights its prospects for restoring individual and collective capabilities (I). Secondly, the ways in which these machines could destabilize the industrial bases of contemporary societies, and therefore the economic order, are analyzed, along with the political implications of such a shift (II). Finally, the latent constraints and the points of friction that these technological developments may encounter and that might affect future trajectories are clarified (III).
ESPAÇOS LIVRES EM PONTA GROSSA-PR: MAPEAMENTO E QUANTIFICAÇÃO
Authors: Queiroz Dulcina , Eurich Zíngara Rocio Santos , Carvalho Silvia Méri
Published: May 2016

O processo de urbanização tem se intensificado nos últimos anos em diversas cidades de médio porte do Brasil. Em muitos casos, este processo tem acontecido sem um planejamento adequado que atribua real importância à presença dos espaços livres e áreas verdes, fato que reflete na qualidade de vida dos seus habitantes. Um dos espaços livres que é muito comum de se encontrar nas áreas urbanas são as praças, cuja função principal é o lazer, e podem ser consideradas como uma área verde quando arborizadas e não impermeabilizadas, possuindo ainda função ecológica e estética. Por esta razão, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi quantificar e analisar as praças enquanto espaços livres e áreas verdes na área urbana de Ponta Grossa-PR, uma importante cidade de médio porte do estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil. Com base em imagens de satélite e elaboração de índices, os resultados indicam que os espaços livres ocupam 2,5% da área urbana. Constatou-se que os espaços livres em Ponta Grossa - PR encontram-se em maior número na área central e nos bairros próximos a ela. Verificou-se que apenas 83,1% das praças podem ser consideradas espaços livres, pois as demais não fazem parte do sistema de espaços não construídos, mas sim dos espaços de circulação.