bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential gene expression profile in monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells at maternal–fetal interface in a mouse model of spontaneous abortion
Authors: Ren Jiabin , Zeng Weihong , Tian Fuju , Wu Fan , Zhang Siming , Liu Xiaorui , Lin Yi
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground

Monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MO‐MDSCs) play an important role in maintaining normal pregnancy. However, it is still not clear what kind of changes in MO‐MDSCs may lead to miscarriage, and which gene expression changes take place when MO‐MDSCs migrate to the uterus as bone marrow‐derived cells.

Methods

We used flow sorting technology to obtain MO‐MDSCs from the maternal–fetal interface and bone marrow, respectively. Affymetrix 3′IVT expression profiling chip technology was used to detect the differential gene expression profiles in MO‐MDSCs at the maternal–fetal interface in a mouse model of spontaneous abortion compared with the normal fertility control mice. We also compared the differential gene expression of MO‐MDSCs at the maternal–fetal interface compared with bone marrow in the normal fertility control mice.

Results

We found that 3,409 genes in MO‐MDSCs were upregulated and 1,539 genes were downregulated at the maternal–fetal interface in the spontaneous abortion mice compared with the normal fertility mice. These genes are enriched in cellular components, biological processes, molecular functions, and protein binding, tumor signaling pathway, the PI3K–Akt signaling pathway, intratumoral proteoglycans, and extracellular matrix receptor interactions. Furthermore, we found that 270 genes in MO‐MDSCs were upregulated and 383 genes were downregulated at the maternal–fetal interface in the normal fertility mice compared with those in the bone marrow. These genes are enriched in cellular components, biological processes, molecular functions, cell cycle, tumor transcriptional disorder, and cell adhesion molecules.

Conclusion

Differential gene expression in MO‐MDSCs likely contributes to a successful pregnancy in fetal–maternal immunotolerance.
Ornithine aminotransferase promoted the proliferation and metastasis of non‐small cell lung cancer via upregulation of miR‐21
Authors: Liu Yanfeng , Wu Lei , Li Kai , Liu Fengrui , Wang Li , Zhang Dongling , Zhou Jing , Ma Xuan , Wang Shengyu , Yang Shuanying
Published: December 2018

The incidence and mortality of lung cancer ranked the first among all types of cancer in China, and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer accounting for 85% of all lung cancers. Given that the survival rate of patients with advanced NSCLC is still poor nowadays, identification of novel therapeutic targets and the development of effective therapies are desired for the treatment of NSCLC in clinics. In this study, we reported the upregulation of ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) in NSCLC cells and clinical tumor samples as well as its association with the advanced TNM stage, metastasis, and poor tumor differentiation of lung cancer. Using different NSCLC cell lines, we demonstrated that OAT promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration, inhibited the apoptosis, and altered cell cycle of NSCLC cells; besides, the involvement of OAT‐miR‐21‐glycogen synthase kinase‐3β signaling in the functional role of OAT in NSCLC was also revealed. Importantly, in the absence of OAT, the growth and metastasis of tumor lung cancer xenograft was significantly suppressed in the nude mice. Based on our findings, OAT may be a potential novel biomarker for the diagnosis and therapeutic outcome monitoring of NSCLC. Inhibition of OAT may also represent a new therapeutic strategy of NSCLC.
Knockdown of DGCR5 enhances the radiosensitivity of human laryngeal carcinoma cells via inducing miR‐195
Authors: Tang Tian , Shan Guang , Zeng Feng
Published: December 2018

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert critical roles in the development of various cancers, including human laryngeal cancer. Radioresistance contributes to the predominant causes of laryngeal cancer recurrence after radiotherapy. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of dysregulated lncRNA and radiation resistance in human larynx squamous carcinoma. Here, we investigated the biological roles of lncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) in radioresistance of human laryngeal cancer. Two human larynx squamous carcinoma cell lines (Hep‐2 and Hep‐2R), with different radiosensitivities in vitro were used in the present study. We observed that DGCR5 was significantly upregulated in Hep‐2R cells. Inhibition of DGCR5 by LV‐shDGCR5 transfection restrained Hep‐2R cell proliferation and sensitized cells to radiation. Reversely, overexpression of DGCR5 exhibited an opposite phenomenon in vitro. In addition, microRNA (miR)‐195 was predicted as a direct downstream target of DGCR5. Dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays verified the direct interaction between them. Meanwhile, miR‐195 was observed to be reduced in Hep‐2R cells and miR‐195 mimics repressed Hep‐2 cell growth. Moreover, radiosensitivity of Hep‐2R cells was greatly enhanced by overexpression of miR‐195, which could be reversed by upregulation of DGCR5. Finally, in vivo experiments were used to validate that knockdown of DGCR5 suppressed laryngeal carcinoma via targeting miR‐195. In conclusion, we indicated that DGCR5 could contribute to the radioresistance of human laryngeal carcinoma cells via sponging miR‐195.
Triangle‐free graphs that do not contain an induced subdivision of K4 are 3‐colorable
Authors: Chudnovsky Maria , Liu Chun‐Hung , Schaudt Oliver , Spirkl Sophie , Trotignon Nicolas , Vušković Kristina
Published: December 2018

We show that triangle‐free graphs that do not contain an induced subgraph isomorphic to a subdivision of are 3‐colorable. This proves a conjecture of Trotignon and Vušković [J. Graph Theory. 84 (2017), no. 3, pp. 233–248].
Supporting Creativity Or Conformity? Influence of Home Environment and Parental Factors on the Value of Children's Creativity Characteristics
Authors: Pugsley Lina , Acar Selcuk
Published: December 2018

Although creativity is a desirable skill, parenting for creativity may be quite a challenge and may be less favored than parenting for conformity. The present study aims to investigate parent‐related factors that may support creativity versus conformity at home. To this end, this study examined how parents’ attitudes and values toward creativity, creative home environment, and mindful parenting style are related to parents’ perceptions of creative versus socially acceptable characteristics. Analyses of the data collected from 1324 parents (predominantly mothers) indicated that parents were more supportive of creativity traits than socially acceptable characteristics. Most importantly, parents’ attitudes and values toward creativity and creative home environment were significantly and positively related to support for creativity characteristics, whereas mindful parenting was significantly and negatively related to support for socially acceptable characteristics in children. Those findings show that parents who value creativity and set up a creative environment are more likely to support children's creativity. Mindful parenting style seems to indirectly support creativity because it is associated with lower respect for socially acceptable characteristics, some of which are at odds with creativity. Findings are discussed in terms of the implications for training programs that enhance awareness of creativity.
Effect of microheterogeneous environments of CTAB, Triton X‐100, and Tween 20 on the oxidative degradation of d‐fructose by nanoparticles of MnO2
Authors: Midya Jayanta K. , Ghosh Dinesh C. , Pal Biswajit , Sen Pratik K.
Published: December 2018

The kinetics of the oxidative degradation of d‐fructose by nanoparticles of MnO2 has been studied in dilute sulfuric acid medium and also in the presence of surfactants of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), Triton X‐100 (TX‐100), and Tween 20. Amorphous nanoparticles of MnO2 in the form of spherical particulates of size 50–200 nm, as detected by a transmission electron microscope, have been found to exist, supported on two‐dimensional gum acacia sheets. The reaction is first order in MnO2 but complex order with respect to fructose and H+. The reaction is inhibited due to adsorption of reaction products on the surface of MnO2 nanoparticles. The reaction takes place through an intermediate complex formation between β‐d‐fructopyranose and protonated MnO2. A one‐step two‐electron transfer reaction ultimately leads to the formation of an aldonic acid and formic acid. The entropy of activation plays the key role for the reaction in the absence of surfactants. In the surfactant‐mediated reaction, partitioning of both the reactants takes place between the aqueous and micellar pseudophases and reaction occurs following Berezin's model. Binding of fructose with the surfactants in the Stern/palisade layer takes place through the ion–dipole interaction and H‐bonding while protonated MnO2 remains at the outer side of the Stern/palisade layer within the micelle. Both the enthalpy and entropy changes associated with the fructose–water interaction, fructose–micelle interaction, and micelle–water interaction finally control the fructose–micelle binding.
A shell element for the prediction of residual load‐carrying capacities due to delamination
Authors: Gruttmann F. , Knust G.
Published: December 2018

This paper deals with layered plates and shells subjected to static loading. The kinematic assumptions are extended by a jump function in dependence of a damage parameter. Additionally, an intermediate layer is arranged at any position of the laminate. This allows numerical simulation of onset and growth of delaminations. The equations of the boundary value problem include besides the equilibrium in terms of stress resultants, the local equilibrium in terms of stresses, the geometric field equations, the constitutive equations, and a constraint which enforces the correct shape of a superposed displacement field through the thickness as well as boundary conditions. The weak form of the boundary value problem and the associated finite element formulation for quadrilaterals is derived. The developed shell element possesses the usual 5 or 6 degrees of freedom at the nodes. This is an essential feature since standard geometrical boundary conditions can be applied and the elements are applicable to shell intersection problems. With the developed model, residual load‐carrying capacities of layered shells due to delamination failure are computed.
Engaging diverse community stakeholders to co‐create solutions in food deserts: A design‐thinking approach
Authors: Fernhaber Stephanie A. , Wada Terri , Napier Pamela , Suttles Shellye
Published: December 2018

Most households in the United States, regardless of income, do the majority of their grocery shopping at supermarkets. However, due to the consolidation of the supermarket industry and some neighborhoods not being able to economically sustain a supermarket, more and more households are struggling to conveniently access affordable, healthy food choices. This article describes a participatory design process used to engage a diverse set of stakeholders in the Indianapolis community to cocreate solutions that improve access to healthy and affordable food. Indianapolis offers an insightful context, given that it was recently ranked the worst city in the United States for food deserts. Our results not only demonstrate the value of using a design‐thinking approach in addressing food access issues but also offer unique insight into the problem of food access itself.
p27Kip1 – p(RhoB)lematic in lung cancer
Authors: Podmirseg Silvio R , Vosper Jonathan , Hengst Ludger
Published: December 2018

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with adenocarcinomas of the non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) subtype accounting for the majority of cases. Therefore, an urgent need exists for a more detailed dissection of the molecular events driving NSCLC development and the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers. Even though originally identified as a tumour suppressor, recent studies associate the cytoplasmically (mis)localised CDK inhibitor p27Kip1(p27) with unfavourable responses to chemotherapy and poor outcomes in NSCLC, supporting the hypothesis that the protein can execute oncogenic activities. In a recent issue ofThe Journal of Pathology, Calvayrac and coworkers uncover a novel molecular mechanism that can explain this oncogenic role of p27. They demonstrate that cytoplasmic p27 binds and inhibits the small GTPase RhoB and thereby relieves a selection pressure for RhoB loss that is frequently observed in NSCLC. This is supported not only by studies with genetically modified mice, but also through identification of a cohort of human lung cancer patients with cytoplasmic p27 and continued RhoB expression, where this signature correlates with decreased survival. This not only establishes a potentially useful biomarker, but also provides yet another facet of the complex roles p27 undertakes in tumourigenesis. © 2018 The Authors.The Journal of Pathologypublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant activities of imine compounds
Authors: Al Zoubi Wail , Al‐Hamdani Abbas Ali Salih , Duraid Ahmed Susan , Basheer Hassan M. , Al‐Luhaibi Roaa Sabti Awad , Dib Adnan , Ko Young Gun
Published: December 2018

Monomeric complexes of the ligand H2L, with the general formula [M (HL2)2] with (M (II) = Co, Ni, Cu), have been synthesized and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), elemental microanalysis, metal content, magnetic moment and molar conductance measurements, molar conductance, and chloride containing. On the basis of experimental evidences, tetrahedral geometry has been proposed for prepared Schiff bases complexes. The geometry of the ligand and its complexes were confirmed by their optimized structures obtained from the computational study. Antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated against 1.1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and were compared with standard natural antioxidant, ascorbic acid. The results reveal that these compounds exhibit excellent radical scavenging activities.
Inhaled antibiotic use is associated with Scedosporium/Lomentospora species isolation in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Hong Gina , Lechtzin Noah , Hadjiliadis Denis , Kawut Steven M.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Prevalence of fungi has been rising in the cystic fibrosis (CF) population. Scedosporium species (spp) is the second most common mold seen in the CF respiratory tract. However, the characteristics associated with Scedosporium isolation and its clinical implications are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to determine clinical factors associated with Scedosporium spp to better understand the mechanisms that may contribute to the emergence of filamentous fungi in CF.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of subjects followed in the CF Foundation Patient Registry between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2012. Patients under 6 years of age, history of solid organ transplantation, and insufficient respiratory culture data were excluded. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to determine demographic data and baseline disease characteristics, medications and co‐infections associated with Scedosporium spp recovery in CF sputum.

Results

Among 19 023 subjects, prevalence of Scedosporium spp was 615 (3.2%). Older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07, 1.26) and white race (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.09, 2.63) were the demographic factors associated with Scedosporium spp isolation. Inhaled antibiotic use had a significant association with Scedosporium isolation (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.61, 2.52). For every additional course of intravenous antibiotics, the odds of Scedosporium isolation increased by 8% (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03, 1.14).

Conclusions

The association between inhaled antibiotics and Scedosporium informs us that chronic inhaled antibiotics may be playing a role in Scedosporium isolation. Further investigation to better characterize this relationship is necessary.
Prospective study of pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Vayalthrikkovil Sakeer , Vorhies Erika , Stritzke Amelie , Bashir Rani A. , Mohammad Khorshid , Kamaluddeen Majeeda , Thomas Sumesh , Al Awad Essa , Murthy Prashanth , Soraisham Amuchou
Published: December 2018

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and optimal timing of echocardiogram for pulmonary hypertension (PH) in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Design

In this prospective study, infants with gestational age (GA) <30 weeks admitted to a tertiary NICU between July 2015 and June 2017 who required positive pressure ventilation or oxygen therapy at ≥28 days of life were evaluated with serial echocardiograms at study enrollment (4‐6 weeks of age), 32 weeks (only for ≤25 weeks), 36, and 40 weeks post‐menstrual age (PMA) for PH.

Results

Of 126 infants (mean birth weight 858 ± 221 g; mean GA 26.1 ± 1.6 wks), 48 (38%) developed PH at any time during their hospital stay. The first study echocardiogram was performed at a median age of 31 weeks PMA. The prevalence of PH was 36/126 (28.5%) at enrollment, at 6/30 (20%) at 32 weeks, 24/111 (21.6%) at 36 weeks, and 10/59 (17%) at 40 weeks. No new cases of PH were identified at 40 weeks. At 36 weeks, none of the infants with mild BPD had PH, whereas 20% of moderate and 32% of severe BPD infants had PH. After controlling for confounding variables severe BPD (OR 3.31, 95%CI 1.12, 9.74), and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (OR 17.9, 95%CI 3.9, 82.11) remained independent risk factors for BPD‐associated PH.

Conclusion

Echocardiographic screening for PH can be safely restricted to infants with moderate or severe BPD at 36 weeks PMA. We identified VAP as an independent risk factor for PH.
On normalized Laplacians, multiplicative degree‐Kirchhoff indices, and spanning trees of the linear [n]phenylenes and their dicyclobutadieno derivatives
Authors: Li Shuchao , Wei Wei , Yu Shiqun
Published: December 2018

Let be the molecular graph of the linear [n]phenylene with n hexagons and n − 1 squares, and let be the graph obtained by attaching four‐membered rings to the terminal hexagons of . In this article, the normalized Laplacian spectrum of consisting of the eigenvalues of two symmetric tridiagonal matrices of order 3n is determined. An explicit closed‐form formula of the multiplicative degree‐Kirchhoff index (respectively the number of spanning trees) of is derived. Similarly, explicit closed‐form formulas of the multiplicative degree‐Kirchhoff index and the number of spanning trees of are obtained. It is interesting to see that the multiplicative degree‐Kirchhoff index of (respectively ) is approximately to one half of its Gutman index.
Carbene triel bonds between TrR3 (Tr = B, Al) and N‐heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Chi Zongqing , Dong Wenbo , Li Qingzhong , Yang Xin , Scheiner Steve , Liu Shufeng
Published: December 2018

The carbene triel bond is predicted and characterized by theoretical calculations. The C lone pair of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) is allowed to interact with the central triel atom of TrR3 (Tr = B and Al; R = H, F, Cl, and Br). The ensuing bond is very strong, with an interaction energy of nearly 90 kcal/mol. Replacement of the C lone pair by that of either N or Si weakens the binding. The bond is strengthened by electron‐withdrawing substituents on the triel atom, and the reverse occurs with substitution on the NHC. However, these effects do not strictly follow the typical pattern of F > Cl > Br. The TrR3 molecule suffers a good deal of geometric deformation, requiring on the order of 30 kcal/mol, in forming the complex. The R(C···Tr) bond is quite short, for example, 1.6 Å for Tr = B, and shows other indications of at least a partially covalent bond, such as a high electron density at the bond critical point and a good deal of intermolecular charge transfer.
Expanding the Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibition, Cytotoxic and Proapoptotic Profile of Biscoumarin‐Iminothiazole and Coumarin‐Triazolothiadiazine Conjugates
Authors: Iqbal Jamshed , Ejaz Syeda Abida , Ibrar Aliya , Umar Muhammad Ihtisham , Lecka Joanna , Sévigny Jean , Saeed Aamer
Published: December 2018

The present study was aimed to explore the inhibitory potential of coumarin‐hybrids bis‐coumarin‐iminothiazoles (5a‐k) and coumarin‐triazolothiadiazines (10a‐j) against both tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (h‐TNAP) and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (h‐IAP) and to link their AP inhibitory potential with possible anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effect. All investigated compounds were potent inhibitors of h‐TNAP and h‐IAP with several fold better inhibition as compared to standard drugs. In bis‐coumarin‐iminothiazole series, 5f (IC50=0.35±0.01 μM) was found as a lead candidate against h‐TNAP demonstrating a ∼55‐fold higher inhibitory potential as compared to levamisole, whereas, among coumarin‐triazolothiadiazines, 10a (IC50=0.31±0.98 μM) showed ∼62‐fold inhibitory potential. Similarly, compounds 5g and 10d were most potent inhibitors of h‐IAP with an IC50 value of 0.22±0.87 and 0.56±0.04 μM, respectively. The detailed kinetic studies were conducted to probe the mechanism of inhibition. The four potent AP inhibitors 5f, 5h, 10a and 10g also showed maximum anti‐proliferative effect in cancer cells and apoptosis via G2/M phase arrest. 10a and 5f showed maximum cytotoxicity in K‐562 cells (89 and 80%, respectively) with IC50 values of about 2.37 and 7.81 μM, respectively. Our findings suggest these derivatives as potential anti‐cancer candidates with profound anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic behavior along with the ability to block purinergic signaling.
Longitudinal change in cerebroplacental ratio in small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses and risk of stillbirth
Authors: Kalafat E. , Ozturk E. , Sivanathan J. , Thilaganathan B. , Khalil A.
Published: December 2018

Objective

To investigate whether assessment of longitudinal change in Doppler variables in small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses improves the prediction of those at risk of stillbirth.

Methods

This was a longitudinal study of two cohorts of singleton pregnancies, which included SGA and appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) fetuses, respectively. The inclusion criteria for the SGA cohort were singleton pregnancy at ≥ 20 weeks' gestation, classified as SGA (estimated fetal weight < 10th centile). The AGA cohort consisted of singleton pregnancies deemed at high risk of being SGA, which were followed up longitudinally but remained AGA. Fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI) and umbilical artery (UA)‐PI were measured longitudinally and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) was calculated, and values were converted to multiples of the median. The last two measurements prior to delivery were included in the analysis. Longitudinal models for Doppler variables were developed using linear‐mixed models and their accuracy in the prediction of stillbirth was tested using generalized linear models. A Bayesian framework was employed to compare the accuracy of longitudinal and standard (last‐scan measurement) models.

Results

In total, 1549 AGA and 941 SGA pregnancies were included in the analysis. There were 30 (3.2%) and no stillbirth cases in the SGA and AGA groups, respectively. Change in MCA‐PI, UA‐PI and CPR with advancing gestation was significantly different between liveborn AGA and SGA fetuses, with a less pronounced difference with advancing gestation. Using the last measurement, the best models for the prediction of stillbirth in SGA pregnancies were those based on CPR (accuracy, 75.0%; 95% CI, 72.6–77.2%) and UA‐PI (accuracy, 71.0%; 95% CI, 68.6–73.4%). The posterior probability of the standard CPR model having a higher accuracy compared with the UA‐PI model was 97.2% (magnitude of change (MC), 3.9%; 95% credible interval (CrI), 0.5–7.3%). The accuracies of the standard, compared with the longitudinal, models for UA‐PI (71.0% vs 72.8%), MCA‐PI (64.6% vs 63.8%) and CPR (75.0% vs 74.9%) in the prediction of stillbirth were not significantly different. The posterior probabilities for improvement in accuracy using longitudinal, compared with standard, assessment were 50.1% (MC, < 0.1%; 95% CrI, −3.3 to 3.3%), 35.2% (MC, −0.1%; 95% CrI, −4.5 to 2.8%) and 82.2% (MC, 1.9%; 95% CrI, −1.5 to 5.3%) for CPR, MCA‐PI and UA‐PI models, respectively. Therefore, change in Doppler parameters did not improve the accuracy of the prediction of stillbirth, compared with that of the last‐scan measurement.

Conclusion

Longitudinal assessment of Doppler parameters was not useful in improving the detection of stillbirth in SGA pregnancies, as compared with a single‐point assessment. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Holographic plasmons
Authors: Gran U. , Tornsö M. , Zingg T.
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Since holography yields exact results, even in situations where perturbation theory is not applicable, it is an ideal framework for modeling strongly correlated systems. We extend previous holographic methods to take the dynamical charge response into account and use this to perform the first holographic computation of the dispersion relation for plasmons. As the dynamical charge response of strange metals can be measured using the new technique of momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy (M-EELS), plasmon properties are the next milestone in verifying predictions from holographic models of new states of matter.
Supersymmetric action for multiple D0-brane system
Authors: Bandos Igor
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We have constructed a complete action for the system of N D0-branes in flat 10D type IIA superspace. It is invariant under the rigid spacetime supersymmetry and local worldline supersymmetry (κ-symmetry). This latter can be considered as supersymmetry of maximal 1d SU(N) SYM model which is made local by coupling to supergravity induced by embedding of the center of energy worldline into the target superspace. The spinor moving frame technique is essentially used to achieve such a coupling. We discuss the differences with Panda-Sorokin multiple 0-brane action and with the dimensionally reduced 11D multiple M-wave action.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 dualities in 2+1 dimensions
Authors: Benini Francesco , Benvenuti Sergio
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We consider minimally supersymmetric QCD in 2+1 dimensions, with Chern-Simons and superpotential interactions. We propose an infrared SU(N) ↔ U(k) duality involving gauge-singlet fields on one of the two sides. It shares qualitative features both with 3d bosonization and with 4d Seiberg duality. We provide a few consistency checks of the proposal, mapping the structure of vacua and performing perturbative computations in the ε-expansion.
Mixed global anomalies and boundary conformal field theories
Authors: Numasawa Tokiro , Yamaguch Satoshi
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We consider the relation between mixed global gauge gravitational anomalies and boundary conformal field theory in WZW models for simple Lie groups. The discrete symmetries of consideration are the centers of the simple Lie groups. These mixed anomalies prevent gauging them i.e, taking the orbifold by the center. The absence of anomalies impose conditions on the levels of WZW models. Next, we study the conformal boundary conditions for the original theories. We consider the existence of a conformal boundary state invariant under the action of the center. This also gives conditions on the levels of WZW models. By considering the combined action of the center and charge conjugation on boundary states, we reproduce the condition obtained in the orbifold analysis.
Chaos from equivariant fields on fuzzy S4
Authors: Coşkun Ü. H. , Kürkçüoğlu S. , Toga G. C. , Ünal G.
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We examine the 5d Yang-Mills matrix model in 0 + 1-dimensions with U(4N) gauge symmetry and a mass deformation term. We determine the explicit SU(4) ≈ SO(6) equivariant parametrizations of the gauge field and the fluctuations about the classical four concentric fuzzy four sphere configuration and obtain the low energy reduced actions(LEAs) by tracing over the S

F

4
s for the first five lowest matrix levels. The LEAs so obtained have potentials bounded from below indicating that the equivariant fluctuations about the S

F

4
do not lead to any instabilities. These reduced systems exhibit chaos, which we reveal by computing their Lyapunov exponents. Using our numerical results, we explore various aspects of chaotic dynamics emerging from the LEAs. In particular, we model how the largest Lyapunov exponents change as a function of the energy. We also show that, in the Euclidean signature, the LEAs support the usual kink type soliton solutions, i.e. instantons in 1+ 0-dimensions, which may be seen as the imprints of the topological fluxes penetrating the concentric S

F

4
s due to the equivariance conditions, and preventing them to shrink to zero radius. Relaxing the Gauss law constraint in the LEAs in the manner recently discussed by Maldacena and Milekhin leads to Goldstone bosons.
Degeneration, Protestantism, and Social Democracy: The Case of Alcoholism and “Illiberal” Policies and Practices in Denmark 1900–43
Authors: Sevelsted Anders
Published: December 2018

Through a case study of the emergence of rights-infringing “illiberal” policies and practices in the field of Danish alcohol treatment from 1900 to 1943, this article shows how new scientific ideas on “degeneration” as the cause of alcoholism and the use of force in treatment were adapted and promoted by Protestant revivalist groups and Social Democrats alike. The article analyzes how new scientific ideas resonated with the cultural ideals of Danish Social Democracy and the evangelical temperance organization the Blue Cross. The article challenges the established view in the literature that eugenic and similar illiberal practices were the result of a “high modernist” state ethos and “communitarian-organic” thinking on the left. Building on secondary literature and archival sources, it is shown that illiberal policies and practices as well as theories of heredity in the case of Danish alcohol treatment were adopted as the result of common liberal-conservative ideals regarding the value of family shared by Social Democrats and Protestant activists across the civil society and state spheres.
Author Correction: BRCA1-regulated RRM2 expression protects glioblastoma cells from endogenous replication stress and promotes tumorigenicity
Authors: Rasmussen Rikke D. , Gajjar Madhavsai K. , Tuckova Lucie , Jensen Kamilla E. , Maya-Mendoza Apolinar , Holst Camilla B. , Møllgård Kjeld , Rasmussen Jane S. , Brennum Jannick , Bartek Jiri , Syrucek Martin , Sedlakova Eva , Andersen Klaus K. , Frederiksen Marie H. , Bartek Jiri , Hamerlik Petra
Published: December 2018

This Article contains an error in the spelling of the author Kjeld Møllgård, which is incorrectly given as Kjeld Møllgaard. The error has not been fixed in the original PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
A new specimen of Prolacerta broomi from the lower Fremouw Formation (Early Triassic) of Antarctica, its biogeographical implications and a taxonomic revision
Authors: Spiekman Stephan N. F.
Published: December 2018

Prolacerta broomiis an Early Triassic archosauromorph of particular importance to the early evolution of archosaurs. It is well known from many specimens from South Africa and a few relatively small specimens from Antarctica. Here, a new articulated specimen from the Fremouw Formation of Antarctica is described in detail. It represents the largest specimen ofProlacertadescribed to date with a nearly fully articulated and complete postcranium in addition to four skull elements. The study of this specimen and the re-evaluation of otherProlacertaspecimens from both Antarctica and South Africa reveal several important new insights into its morphology, most notably regarding the premaxilla, manus, and pelvic girdle. Although well-preserved skull material from Antarctica is still lacking forProlacerta, a detailed comparison ofProlacertaspecimens from Antarctica and South Africa corroborates previous findings that there are no characters clearly distinguishing the specimens from these different regions and therefore the Antarctic material is assigned toProlacerta broomi. The biogeographical implications of these new findings are discussed. Finally, some osteological characters forProlacertaare revised and an updated diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis are provided.
Two-fold 2D + 2D → 2D interweaved rhombus (4,4) grid: synthesis, structure, and dye removal properties in darkness and in daylight
Authors: Tsai Meng-Jung , Luo Jheng-Hua , Wu Jing-Yun
Published: December 2018

A rhombus (4,4) grid showing two-fold 2D + 2D → 2D interweaved nets appeared to be a good adsorbent to selectively adsorb and separate anionic methyl orange (MO) and acid orange 7 (AO7) dyes over cationic methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) from water with high adsorption capacities in both darkness and daylight.
Two ultramicroporous metal–organic frameworks assembled from binuclear secondary building units for highly selective CO2/N2separation
Authors: Liu Shuang , Yao Shuo , Liu Bing , Sun Xiaodong , Yuan Yang , Li Guanghua , Zhang Lirong , Liu Yunling
Published: December 2018

Two MOFs (JLU-MOF56andJLU-MOF57) have been successfully synthesized, which feature ultramicroporous pores of 3.5 Å × 3.4 Å and exhibit good performance for CO2/N2separation.
Platinum(ii)-catalyzed selective para C–H alkoxylation of arylamines through a coordinating activation strategy
Authors: Shen Jiabin , Xu Jun , Cai Heng , Shen Chao , Zhang Pengfei
Published: December 2018

A novel and efficient method has been developed for selective C–H alkoxylation of arylamines via platinum-catalyzed, picolinamide-assisted C–H alkoxylation.
Correction: Engineering tin phosphides@carbon yolk–shell nanocube structures as a highly stable anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Ma Lianbo , Yan Pengjie , Wu Shikui , Zhu Guoyin , Shen Yalong
Published: December 2018

Correction for ‘Engineering tin phosphides@carbon yolk–shell nanocube structures as a highly stable anode material for sodium-ion batteries’ by Lianbo Ma et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5, 16994–17000.
Archaeal cell biology: diverse functions of tubulin-like cytoskeletal proteins at the cell envelope
Authors: Liao Yan , Ithurbide Solenne , de Silva Roshali T. , Erdmann Susanne , Duggin Iain G.
Published: December 2018

The tubulin superfamily of cytoskeletal proteins is widespread in all three domains of life — Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Tubulins build the microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton, whereas members of the homologous FtsZ family construct the division ring in prokaryotes and some eukaryotic organelles. Their functions are relatively poorly understood in archaea, yet these microbes contain a remarkable diversity of tubulin superfamily proteins, including FtsZ for division, a newly described major family called CetZ that is involved in archaeal cell shape control, and several other divergent families of unclear function that are implicated in a variety of cell envelope-remodelling contexts. Archaeal model organisms, particularly halophilic archaea such as Haloferax volcanii, have sufficiently developed genetic tools and we show why their large, flattened cells that are capable of controlled differentiation are also well suited to cell biological investigations by live-cell high-resolution light and electron microscopy. As most archaea only have a glycoprotein lattice S-layer, rather than a peptidoglycan cell wall like bacteria, the activity of the tubulin-like cytoskeletal proteins at the cell envelope is expected to vary significantly, and may involve direct membrane remodelling or directed synthesis or insertion of the S-layer protein subunits. Further studies of archaeal cell biology will provide fresh insight into the evolution of cells and the principles in common to their fundamental activities across the full spectrum of cellular life.
Methanogens: pushing the boundaries of biology
Authors: Buan Nicole R.
Published: December 2018

Methanogens are anaerobic archaea that grow by producing methane gas. These microbes and their exotic metabolism have inspired decades of microbial physiology research that continues to push the boundary of what we know about how microbes conserve energy to grow. The study of methanogens has helped to elucidate the thermodynamic and bioenergetics basis of life, contributed our understanding of evolution and biodiversity, and has garnered an appreciation for the societal utility of studying trophic interactions between environmental microbes, as methanogens are important in microbial conversion of biogenic carbon into methane, a high-energy fuel. This review discusses the theoretical basis for energy conservation by methanogens and identifies gaps in methanogen biology that may be filled by undiscovered or yet-to-be engineered organisms.
Cycle period, differential rotation, and meridional flow for early M dwarf stars
Authors: Küker M. , Rüdiger G. , Olah K. , Strassmeier K. G.
Published: December 2018

Recent observations suggest the existence of two characteristic cycle times for early-type M stars dependent on the rotation period. They are of order one year for fast rotators (Prot <  1 day) and of order four years for slower rotators. Additionally, the equator-to-pole differences of the rotation rates withδΩ up to 0.03 rad d−1are known fromKeplerdata for the fast-rotating stars. These values are well-reproduced by the theory of large-scale flows in rotating convection zones on the basis of the Λ effect. The resulting amplitudesumof the bottom value of the meridional circulation allows for the calculation of the travel time from pole to equator at the base of the convection zone of early-type M stars. These travel times strongly increase with rotation period and they always exceed the observed cycle periods. Therefore, the operation of an advection-dominated dynamo in early M dwarfs, where the travel time must always be shorter than the cycle period, is not confirmed by our model nor the data.
Making Faranoff-Riley I radio sources
Authors: Massaglia S. , Bodo G. , Rossi P. , Capetti S. , Mignone A.
Published: December 2018

Radio sources of low power are the most common in the universe. Their jets typically move at nonrelativistic velocity and show plume-like morphologies that in many instances appear distorted and bent. We investigate the role of magnetic field on the propagation and evolution of low-power jets and the connection between the field intensity and the resulting morphology. The problem is addressed by means of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. We consider supersonic jets that propagate in a stratified medium. The ambient temperature increases with distance from the jet origin maintaining constant pressure. Jets with low magnetization show an enhanced collimation at small distances with respect to hydrodynamic (HD) cases studied in a previous paper. These jets eventually evolve in a way similar to the HD cases. Jets with higher magnetization are affected by strong nonaxisymmetric modes that lead to the sudden jet energy release. From there on, distorted plumes of jet material move at subsonic velocities. This transition is associated with the formation of structures reminiscent of the “warm spots” observed in wide-angle-tail (WAT) sources.
Master Function for Analytical Determination of the Interlayer Bond Shear Stiffness and Fatigue Functions for Asphalt Pavements
Authors: Hristov Borislav
Published: December 2018

In order to determine the shear stiffness at the interface between asphalt layers and to take into account the interactions of repeated traffic loading, acceleration and braking processes as well as temperature influence, a complicated apparatus for cycling testing of the interlayer bond (CTIB) has been developed. An extensive experimental procedure has been created to include all factors that influence the interlayer bond. Using the experimental results, a master function for the analytical assessment of the shear stiffness has been established. The regression which approximates most accurately the experimentally determined shear stiffness values is the sigmoid function. Through implementation of the master function into a finite element program the fatigue status of asphalt pavements, which is affected by the interlayer bond of different quality, have been calculated over the service life of 30 years using the German method for computational design according to RDO Asphalt 09. The results presented below are based on the results of IGF project “Cyclic Shear Stiffness and Shear Fatigue Testing for Evaluation and Optimization of Interlayer Bond in Asphalt Pavements”, supported by the Association of Industrial Research Communities (AIF) of the German Asphalt Institute (DAI) in cooperation with TU Braunschweig.
Theoretical principles of creation of cellular concrete with the use of secondary raw materials and dispersed reinforcement
Authors: Pyataev Eugene , Medvedev Andrey , Poserenin Alexey , Burtseva Marina , Mednikova Elizaveta , Mukhametzyanov Vitaly
Published: December 2018

The article outlines and substantiates the theoretical principles of the creation of cellular concrete reinforced with mineral fiber with the use of secondary products of housing renovation. The advantages provided by the dispersive reinforcement are the reduction in the economic costs of the construction of facilities, ensuring their reliable and durable operation. In this case, an important contribution is the alkali resistance of mineral fibers, the evaluation of which was carried out using the technique of an elemental composition based on the use of a spectrometer. On an example of research of technology of cellular concrete reinforced with alkali-resistant mineral fiber; Methods for evaluating the importance of factors characterizing technological processes, constructing polynomials of nonlinear regression, analytical optimization, selection of composition and evaluation of characteristics of raw components were tested. Reinforced with mineral fiber constructions can be built on weak grounds and effectively solve the problems of saving energy and raw materials.
Influence of chemical additives on the properties of polymer foams
Authors: Bruyako Michail , Grigoreva Larisa , Lvov Stepan
Published: December 2018

Products based on thermosetting plastics have a variety of applications. One of the directions is thermal insulation. Filling foams provide excellent thermal insulation, due to the most optimal ratio of weight, strength and durability. Such heat-insulating materials work in a wide range of operating conditions. The article presents data on the study of the effect of chemical additives on the reduction of the acid number and the reduction in the corrosivity of foam plastics. The greatest efficiency in reducing corrosion activity has composition based on dihydrate of stannous chloride (II) with calcium oxide in a ratio of 2: 0.5. The data on the change in the multiplicity of foaming when introducing chemical additives containing the same name cation and an anion of the same name are presented.
Structurization of poly mineral is highly concentrated poly disperse systems based on organic binders
Authors: Kotlyarsky Eduard , Uriev Naum , Vasilev Yury , Kochnev Vladimir , Sarichev Igor
Published: December 2018

At present, the quality of bitumen-mineral mixtures both on the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad is estimated by a set of em-pirical methods based on many years of experience in the use of asphalt in road construction. In different years, numerous attempts were made to theoretically substantiate the basic patterns of material behavior under the influence of various factors. The article describes the solution of this problem using the basic provisions of phys-chemical mechanics of highly concentrated disperse systems taking into account the specifics of contact interactions. As a result of researches the quantitative correlations of indicators of physical-mechanical and structural-rheological properties forming at compaction of mixtures mixes, quantitative interconnections between formative and Destructive factors with structural-mechanical and construction-technical properties of asphalt in road coverings. It has been established that the changes in the structure of asphalt have physical-chemical nature and are reliably described taking into account the basic provisions of phys-chemical mechanics and theories of contact interactions.
Fine grained concrete structures reliability assessment: theory and investigational studies
Authors: Parfenov Sergey , Alekseytsev Anatoly , Vinokurov Yuriy
Published: December 2018

Describes the theoretical preconditions of using mechanical properties of fine-grained concrete in the design of concrete structures subject to risks and the general safety. A technique for experimental studies and data on the fine-grained concrete deformative properties at different ages and different loading levels are presented. The regularities of the modulus of elasticity change from strength, type and age of concrete are revealed. Full diagrams of deformation of concrete are constructed. The results obtained can be used in the design of the fine-grained concrete structures in buildings having risks occurrence socioeconomic losses and able to resist of emergency actions.
Numerical studies of elastomeric isolator performance under static loads
Authors: Mkrtychev Oleg
Published: December 2018

The article presents the studies of the elastomeric isolator performance under static loads. The solutions of the problems have been obtained by means of a specialized software complex by direct integration of the motion equations according to the implicit scheme. For calculation of the elastomeric isolator, a 3D computational model comprised by solid finite elements has been used.

Based on the results of the studies performed, the diagrams for displacement of the points of the top of the support have been plotted with the horizontal shear of the support. The possibility of formation of tilting in the upper plate of the elastomeric isolator has been proved.

The diagram of residual horizontal displacements of the support after the horizontal load removal has been obtained. The inability of elastomeric isolators to return independently to the initial equilibrium position without additional devices has been proved.
Determining the stability of slopes in the conditions of transport infrastructure objects construction
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan Zaven , Sidorov Vitalii
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the stability determining of the slopes, near which are being carried out works on the construction of the foundation of an automobile overpass. The methods of determining the landslide pressure on the retaining structures, accounting for the technological vibration load on the base, which occurs when the sheet pile is submerged into soil base during the excavation are considered. The analysis of the options for usage the strength undrained characteristics of the soil base under vibration influence on them is made. The risk of construction works near the slope is estimated with the forecasting of the safety coefficients and limiting slip surfaces obtained by the finite element method implemented in the PLAXIS geotechnical software. Many factors of influence on the safety of the slope were taken into account: the staging of construction, the change in the hydrogeological situation, the application of technological and vibrational loads. Based on the results obtained, possible types of work to increase the stability of the slope are presented, and conclusions are drawn on the need for additional studies in the field of undrained properties in case of vibrational loads.