bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molekulski pristopi pri raziskavah arbuskularne mikorize
Authors: MAČEK Irena
Published: December 2023

Arbuskularna mikoriza se je razvila v koevoluciji s kopenskimi rastlinami. Čeprav predstavlja eno najbolj razširjenih simbioz na kopnem, še vedno obstajajo številna odprta vprašanja o biologiji arbuskularnih mikoriznih gliv ter njihovi ekološki vlogi v različnih ekosistemih. Z razvojem molekulskih tehnik so raziskave arbuskularne mikorize dobile nove razsežnosti, omogočen pa je bil tudi boljši vpogled v procese, ki se odvijajo v rizosferi oz. širše mikorizosferi, če poleg korenin upoštevamo tudi zunajkoreninski micelij mikoriznih gliv v tleh. V prvem delu članka je predstavljen pregled novejših objav s področja raziskav arbuskularne mikorize s poudarkom na ekološkem in funkcionalnem vidiku, v drugem delu pa tudi kratek pregled metod s poudarkom na tistih, ki se uporabljajo v mikrobni ekologiji.
Preučevanje ustreznosti prognostičnega modela SIMLEP za varstvo krompirja pred koloradskim hroščem (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say], Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) v Sloveniji
Authors: KOS Katarina , TSCHÖPE Beate , JÖRG Erich , TRDAN Stanislav
Published: December 2023

V obdobju 2007-2008 smo v Ljubljani preučevali ustreznost nemškega prognostičnega modela SIMLEP, katerega uporaba je namenjena varstvu krompirja pred koloradskim hroščem (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Med 14. majem in 6. avgustom 2007 ter med 26. majem in 4. avgustom 2008 smo enkrat tedensko na 25 rastlinah krompirja (5 mest s 5 zaporednimi rastlinami) ugotavljali številčnost jajčnih legel, mladih ličink (L1/L2), starejših ličink (L3/L4) in odraslih osebkov. Model SIMLEP 1, ki je namenjen za regionalno napoved prvega pojava prezimelih hroščev in začetka odlaganja jajčec, se je v obeh letih pokazal za neustreznega, saj je 15 (leto 2007) oziroma 17 (leto 2008) dni prezgodaj napovedal prvi pojav jajčnih legel. Model SIMLEP 3, ki je poljsko specifičen model za napoved pojava različnih razvojnih stadijev koloradskega hrošča, se je pokazal za ustreznega. V obeh letih je namreč zelo natančno napovedal prvi pojav mladih ličink in starejših ličink (v nobenem primeru se napoved od dejanskega stanja ni razlikovala več kot 5 dni), pojav največjega števila jajčnih legel in mladih ličink (razlika med napovedanimi in dejanskimi datumi je bila od 0 do 7 dni). Z morebitno prihodnjo uporabo modela SIMLEP 3 v Sloveniji bo mogoče zagotoviti boljšo učinkovitost in gospodarnost zatiranja koloradskega hrošča, saj omogoča določitev optimalnega časa nanosa insekticidov, s čimer lahko pomembno vplivamo na zmanjšanje odpornosti škodljivca na insekticide.
Phosphorus mobilization and uptake in mycorrhizal rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants under flooded and non-flooded conditions
Authors: HAJIBOLAND Roghieh , ALIASGHARZAD Naser , BARZEGHAR Robabeh
Published: December 2023

Phosphorus (P) deficiency severely limits rice production in the world. Colonization of plant root with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may have a considerable consequence for P uptake and plant growth. In contrast to other crop species, there is little experimental evidence about the role of mycorrhizal colonization in lowland rice plants. This study was undertaken to examine whether inoculation of rice plants can contribute in the mobilization and uptake of insoluble P form. In addition, an attempt was made to compare flooded plants with non-flooded ones in their mycorrhizal responsiveness. In one experiment, insoluble P was supplied for plants inoculated either with Glomus mosseae or Glomus intraradices, then growth and P uptake was determined. Results showed that colonization with AMF significantly improved uptake of P derived from insoluble P source. In other experiment, rice plants were inoculated with Glomus mosseae or Glomus intraradices in non-flooded nurseries and then transplanted either to flooded or non-flooded conditions. Root colonization by AMF was decreased due to flooding conditions from 43% to 27%. Nevertheless, the plant growth responded positively (117% increase) to inoculation when grown at flooded conditions, while dry matter of non-flooded plants was diminished up to 64% by inoculation. Mycorrhizal colonization had also a significant contribution in the uptake of P and K in flooded but not in non-flooded plants.
Primerjava lastnosti polipropilenskih vlaken, namenjenih za izdelavo vrtnarskih vlaknovin
Authors: DEMŠAR Andrej , ŽNIDARČIČ Dragan , GREGOR-SVETEC Diana
Published: December 2023

V intenzivnem vrtnarstvu se za vzgojo sadik in pridelavo vrtnin v vseh letnih časih uporablja različne oblike zavarovanega prostora. Najenostavnejša in najcenejša oblika zavarovanega prostora je neposredno prekrivanje rastlin z agrotekstilijami. Agrotekstilije so vlaknovine, izdelane iz tekstilnih vlaken, ki so navadno kemičnega izvora. Od agrotekstilij namenjenih za prekrivanje vrtnin, se zahtevajo primerna trdnost in dobre prepustne lastnosti, ki se pod vplivom vremenskih sprememb ne smejo bistveno poslabšati. Lastnosti agrotekstilij so odvisne od vlaken, iz katerih so agrotekstilje izdelane, ter od postopka in pogojev izdelave. Namen raziskave je bil analizirati dva tipa polipropilenskih (PP) vlaken (FiberVisionsR HY-Comfort in UV-stabilizirana PP vlakna TrevonR), namenjenih za izdelavo vrtnarskih vlaknovin, primerjati rezultate z deklariranimi vrednostmi in predstaviti nekatere metode analize tekstilnih vlaken. Raziskava je pokazala, da prihaja med izmerjenimi in deklariranimi vrednostmi pri nekaterih lastnostih primerjanih vlaken do določenih razlik in da sta si preučevana tipa PP vlaken različna v tekstilno-mehanskih in strukturnih lastnostih.
Življenjski krog parazitoidov listnih uši
Authors: KOS Katarina , TRDAN Stanislav
Published: December 2023

V prispevku je opisan življenjski oz. razvojni krog parazitoidov listnih uši, saj so ti naravni sovražniki pomembni dejavniki zmanjševanja številčnosti populacij škodljivih listnih uši v naravnih in kmetijskih ekosistemih. Posebna značilnost listnih uši je njihov biotični potencial, saj imajo lahko nekatere vrste pravih listnih uši (Aphididae) v enem letu tudi več kot 50 rodov (spolnih in nespolnih oz. partenogenetskih). Listne uši so ravno zaradi svojih izjemnih razmnoževalnih sposobnosti gospodarsko zelo pomembni škodljivci gojenih in samoniklih rastlin, zato jih želimo zatreti na različne načine. Z biotičnim varstvom rastlin skušamo oblikovati naravno ravnovesje med škodljivci in njihovimi naravnimi sovražniki ter s tem preprečiti močnejšo prerazmnožitev škodljivcev. Parazitoidi so pri svojem delu zelo učinkoviti, saj v končni stopnji razvoja ličinke svojega gostitelja vedno ubijejo, poleg tega pa so večinoma izraziti polifagi in tako niso specializirani za posamezne vrste gostiteljev.
Prireja in fizikalne lastnosti jajc slovenskih tradicionalnih pasem kokoši lahkega tipa
Authors: STRELEC Alenka , TERČIČ Dušan , MALOVRH Špela , HOLCMAN Antonija
Published: December 2023

Pri treh slovenskih tradicionalnih pasmah kokoši lahkega tipa (slovenski rjavi kokoši, slovenski srebrni kokoši in slovenski grahasti kokoši) smo proučevali celoletno nesnost in kakovost jajc. V 18. tednu starosti smo v individualne kletke trinadstropne baterije vselili po 162 jarkic vsake pasme. V obdobju od 20. do 72. tedna starosti smo spremljali nesnost, porabo krme, telesno maso ter vitalnost kokoši. Vsake 4 tedne smo merili fizikalne lastnosti jajc. V nesnem obdobju je bila slovenska rjava kokoš najlažja in je znesla največ jajc, 301 jajce letno oz. 5,63 jajc tedensko. Najmanj krme je dnevno porabila slovenska rjava kokoš (119,9 g), ki je tudi najboljše izkoriščala krmo, in sicer le 2,4 kg krme/kg jajčne mase in 145,0 g krme/jajce. Najtežja jajca so nesle slovenske srebrne kokoši (64,33 g), največ jajčne mase na leto so proizvedle slovenske rjave kokoši (18,40 kg). Jajca slovenske srebrne kokoši so imela najdebelejšo lupino (0,37 mm). Višina gostega beljaka in število haughovih enot sta bila pri slovenskih srebrnih kokoših večja kot pri ostalih dveh pasmah. Največ krvnih in mesnih peg smo našli v jajcih slovenskih rjavih kokoši (41 %), ki so bile tudi najvitalnejše, v nesnem obdobju jih je poginilo le 3,1 %.
In Memoriam Prof. Dr. Jože FERČEJ (1917–2009)
Authors: OSTERC Jože
Published: December 2023

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Substrate pH level effects on anthocyanins and selected phenolics in Rosa × hybrida L. 'KORcrisett'
Authors: SCHMITZER Valentina , ŠTAMPAR Franci
Published: December 2023

The effect of substrate pH level (4.7, 3.3 and 7.3) on the anthocyanin, quercetin compounds, catechin and phenolic acids concentrations in petals of Rosa × hybrida L. 'KORcrisett' and on the number of flowers per plant was investigated. The phenolic profiles of this plant were established for the first time by the use of HPLC/MS. Plants potted in a substrate with pH 4.7 developed significantly more flowers compared to those planted in an acidic (3.3) and alkaline (7.3) pH levels. However, the concentration of anthocyanins, quercetin compounds, catechin and phenolic acids was always lowest in the petals of 'KORcrisett' rose plants potted in pH level 4.7. Compared to the first sampling, a significant increase in the concentration of major and total anthocyanins and quercetin compounds was measured in the petals of plants potted in pH level 3.3 and 7.3, but not in the plants potted in pH level 4.7, respectfully.
Relation of total antiradical activity and total polyphenol content of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) and tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L.)
Authors: MELICHÁČOVÁ Silvia , TIMORACKÁ Mária , BYSTRICKÁ Judita , VOLLMANNOVÁ Alena , ČÉRY Juraj
Published: December 2023

In present study the quantification of total phenolics content (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA) and their relation in sweet and tart cherries were studied. Aqueous and pure polar solvents were used to compare the yield of present phenolic compounds in prepared extracts. The solubility of phenolics was the most effective in sweet cherry extracts with using of 50 % methanol and in tart cherry extracts with using of 50 % acetone. The yield of TPC of both tested cherry fruit extracts was higher with pure methanol in comparison to pure acetone.
Substantial TPC assessed with Folin-Ciocealteu assay in tart cherry extracts were in range from 70.6?8.46 mg to 241.4?7.26 mg GAE/100 g FW. Extracts from lyophilised tart cherries (methanolic and water-acetone mixtures) contain in average 2-times higher amount of polyphenols than ethanol extracts. The DPPH antiradical efficiency values of the both tested fruit extracts were higher in extracts of tart cherries (from 5.4 to 9.9 % of inhibition of DPPH radical) when compared to those of sweet cherries (from 2.4 to 3.5 % of inhibition of DPPH radical). Total antioxidant activity (TAA) of sweet cherry extracts (using 70 % ethanol and with 70 % methanol) and of tart cherry extracts (with 50 % methanol) depended on phenolics content.
Soil organic matter content according to different management system within long-term experiment
Authors: CVETKOV Monika , ŠANTAVEC Igor , KOCJAN AČKO Darja , TAJNŠEK Anton
Published: December 2023

Within the long-term field experiments at IOSDV Rakičan, Slovenia, the impact of organic matter management system and mineral nitrogen fertilization on the soil organic matter content was studied in the period 1994-2008. The annual balance of Corg was calculated on the basis of the quantity of added organic fertilizers ("Bavarian method", "VDLUFA method"), while the "Swiss method" also consider the quantity of Corg in the topsoil in the calculation. The following management systems were selected: system A - no organic matter, system B - farmyard manure ploughing in, system C - straw/catch crop ploughing in. Four different mineral N rates (N0, N1, N2, N3) were evaluated. In 2008 the Corg content in topsoil (0-25 cm) was measured according to ISO 10694. Farmyard manure (FYM) fertilization significantly influenced the content of Corg, while the straw application did not result in the significant increase of Corg content. Mineral nitrogen fertilization did not impact Corg content within system A. In system B and system C positive effect of nitrogen fertilization on the Corg content was detected. However, statistically significant impact of mineral N on a higher Corg content was not determined. All three methods underestimated the actual analysed results, although, we can determine the "Swiss method" as the most precise and appropriate for this site-specific location.
Biotično zatiranje kostanjeve šiškarice (Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)
Authors: KOS Katarina , TRDAN Stanislav
Published: December 2023

Kostanjevo šiškarico, Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), štejemo med najpomembnejše škodljivce kostanja (Castanea sp. in Castanopsis sp.) na različnih območjih sveta. Ličinke te osice povzročjo nastanek šišk na vrhu poganjkov in na listnih žilah, kar močno poslabša zdravstveno stanje kostanja in zmanjša pridelek plodov. Kostanjeva šiškarica izvira s Kitajske, v Evropo in po svetu pa se je razširila z napadenim rastlinskim materialom. V Sloveniji se je prvič pojavila leta 2004 na Goriškem, v sosednji Italiji pa se je pojavila že tri leta prej in se je že razširila po skoraj celi državi. V nasadih kostanja v Italiji že povzroča veliko škodo. Za najbolj učinkovit ukrep zatiranja kostanjeve šiškarice velja vnos parazitoidnih osic, ki parazitirajo kostanjevo šiškarico in tako pomembno omejujejo škodo, nastalo zaradi tega škodljivca. Najbolj učinkovita je osica Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), ki izvira s Kitajske in so jo že uspešno vnesli v nasade kostanja na Japonskem. Znani so tudi drugi parazitoidi, ki pa so manj učinkoviti biotični agensi za zatiranje kostanjeve šiškarice. 15 vrst parazitoidov, ki so jih doslej našli v šiškah kostanjeve šiškarice, je prisotnih tudi v sosednji Italiji. V Sloveniji zaenkrat še nismo odkrili domorodnih vrst parazitoidov kostanjeve šiškarice, vendar raziskave potekajo, saj je velika nevarnost, da se bo škodljivec v prihodnjih letih razširi po vsej Sloveniji.
natural occurrence of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production
Authors: JAKOVAC-STRAJN Breda , VENGUŠT Anton , UJČIČ-VRHOVNIK Igor , PAVŠIČ-VRTAČ Katarina , TAVČAR-KALCHER Gabrijela
Published: December 2023

The aim of the present study was to determine the contamination of grains, grown in Slovenia and used for animal diets by Slovene farmers in year 2009. A total of 66 samples was examined on toxigenic moulds from genera Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and on 8 different mycotoxins. The leading contaminants among moulds were from Fusarium spp., detected in 51 samples, mostly in barley (19). The average number of Fusarium spp. colony forming units (cfu) in different grains was from 5.5-23.3 x 103/g, whereas the contamination of barley with Penicillium, Aspergillus and Alternaria spp. was 4.5, 19.3 and 5 x 103 cfu/g. Using liquid (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) methods, the presence of various mycotoxins (expressed for 12% of moisture content) was proved in 57.6% of all samples; mostly deoxynivalenol (DON, 54.5%) in concentrations of 130-2860 ?g/kg, followed by zearalenone (ZON, 15.1%, 70-800 ?g/kg), fumonisin B1 (3%, 120-210 ?g/kg), while fumonisin B2, ochratoxin A, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), HT-2 and T-2 toxins were not detected. The results indicate that further control of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production is thus required and justified.
Activity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida) against cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus [L.], Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) adults under laboratory conditions
Authors: LAZNIK Žiga , ŠTRUKELJ Melita , TRDAN Stanislav
Published: December 2023

In 2009, three Slovenian strains of entomopathogenic nematodes) and commercial product Entonem (active ingredient S. feltiae), were tested under laboratory conditions for their activity against adult cereal leaf beetles (Oulema melanopus). The nematode strains were tested at four different doses (250, 500, 1000, and 2000 infective juveniles/adult) and at three temperatures (15, 20, and 25 ?C). Steinernema carpocapsae strain C101 was the most effective and showed itself to be a good alternative to chemical insecticides, and appears to have the highest potential for controlling overwintered cereal leaf beetles under field conditions. In our bioassay the temperature had the greatest influence on the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode strains; both S. feltiae treatments (strain B30 and Entonem) proved to work better at the lowest temperature, however the strain H. bacteriophora D54 had its best efficacy at the highest temperature in the experiment. Several species (S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae) have been efficient at lower suspension concentrations, which enables their economical usage against the cereal leaf beetle in integrated cereal production in the future.
Cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae [L.]) and bright-line brown-eyes moth (Mamestra oleracea [L.]) - presentation of the species, their monitoring and control measures
Authors: DEVETAK Marko , VIDRIH Matej , TRDAN Stanislav
Published: December 2023

The paper describes polyphagous pests, the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) and bright-line brown-eyes moth (Mamestra oleracea), which were not systematically investigated up to now in Slovenia. The cabbage moth, which is more abundant, preferably attacks Brassica plants, and its caterpillars are especially harmful in the cabbage. The paper deals with the morphology, distribution and methods of monitoring the pest populations and discuss on their control. The protection of vegetables from both pests is primarily based on the use of chemical insecticides. However, the use of natural enemies and various agro-technical measures can also be very important in diminishing the populations of the pests. With interlacing of all of these approaches, healthy and quality food can be produced even in the growing seasons with high attack of the pests mentioned.
Impacts of gibberellin (GA3) on sensorial quality and storability of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: RUSJAN Denis
Published: December 2023

The eventual impacts of the gibberellin (GA3) application on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties 'Cardinal' and 'Michele Palieri', on grape quality and their storage potential were studied. The grape quality was determined as individual and total carbohydrates and organic acids, but also the external skin colouration was measured. The measurement of polyphenol oxidases (PPO) activity was contributed to clearly understand storage potential. During the grape maturation the statistical differences in grape quality were observed according to the treatments. The treatments with GA3 showed similar and related impacts on grape quality at both varieties only at harvest, where the statistically highest total sugar concentration (223-226 g kg-1) was determined at 50 ppm, followed by 20 ppm (216-223 g kg-1) and the lowest 201-220 g kg-1 at control. The organic acid concentrations in the grape of both varieties did not show any similar correlation according to treatments. The PPO activities were slightly higher at mature grape of 'Cardinal' (2.5-3.0 ?A min-1g-1) compared to 'Michele Palieri' (1.0-1.2 ?A min-1g-1), and the activities at both varieties during storage decreased. At harvest the CIRG indices of 'Cardinal' (5.5-6.1) and of 'Michele Palieri' (6.6-6.9) did not statistically differ among treatments as at the end of storage, where the highest indices were calculated at treatment 50 ppm at both varieties. The grape quality of table grape responded differently to GA3 applications, especially the different impacts were observed according to varieties.
Mikrosatelitski markerji uporabni za identifikacijo kultivarjev vinske trte (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: ŠTAJNER Nataša
Published: December 2023

Identifikacija kultivarjev vinske trte z metodami, ki temeljijo na morfoloških razlikah med rastlinami, je lahko zaradi vpliva ekoloških dejavnikov nepravilna, zato so bile razvite metode, ki omogočajo analizo kultivarjev na nivoju genotipa. V zadnjih dvajsetih letih so se uveljavile različne tehnike za karakterizacijo kultivarjev, od izoencimskih analiz do analiz na nivoju DNA (RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SCAR in SSR markerji). Med omenjenimi so se najbolj uveljavili mikrosateliti, ki kažejo največjo informacijsko vrednostjo polimorfizma in so večinoma zelo variabilni. Sestavljeni so iz kratkih, tandemsko ponovljivih motivov DNA, ki so prisotni pri večini organizmov. Glavni vzrok polimorfizma med posamezniki so spremembe v številu ponovitev osnovnega motiva mikrosatelita. Za izdelavo začetnih oligonukleotidov mikrosatelitskih lokusov so v začetnih raziskavah uporabili zaporedja obrobnih regij že znanih mikrosatelitov, ki so bila shranjena v podatkovnih bazah DNA. Kasneje pa se je strategija razvijala v smeri nastanka genomskih knjižnic obogatenih z mikrosateliti. Pri vinski trti je bilo razvitih več kot 500 mikrosatelitskih markerjev in njihov izredni potencial in uporabnost pri določanju kultivarjev vinske trte in podlag je bil dokazan v številnih raziskavah. Za genotipizacijo se večinoma uporablja set šestih oz. devetih mikrosatelitskih markerjev (označevalcev), ki so zelo polimorfni in najbolj primerni za ugotavljanje genetske variabilnosti med evropskimi kultivarji vinske trte. Uporaba enotnega seta markerjev ter vključevanje referenčnih kultivarjev v analize genotipizacije omogoča primerjave genotipov med različnimi raziskovalnimi skupinami, in tako lahko rešujemo številne dilem o sinonimih, homonimih ali o izvoru sort vinske trte.
Crop rotation on arable and livestock farms in Slovenia
Authors: KOCJAN AČKO Darja , ŠANTAVEC Igor
Published: December 2023

Despite the fact that successive sowing of maize was legally limited due to the occurrence of the corn rootworm beetle in 2003 and the integrated crop production was introduced in 2004, maize is still the most common and desired crop on arable and livestock farms in Slovenia. With a focus on the economic motives for the production farmers are gradually beginning to consider also the phytosanitary viewpoint, but the planning of a crop rotation is a demanding task, especially for younger farmers with no previous experience. The results of the analysis of crop rotations on conventional and integrated arable and livestock farms in north-east and western Slovenia in the period from 2000 to 2009 show that the maize monoculture has been supplemented by other grains, mostly wheat and barley, but legumes and supplementary crops are still missing from the rotation. With newly introduced crops to Slovene fields the need for new and modern agro-technical measures is increasing and also the need for improved knowledge of biological characteristics of individual varieties and species with their suitable order and share in the crop rotation. To help the farmers find the best solution for their production we have prepared some recommendations for the crop rotations with the main and supplementary crops, following good and proven examples of crop rotations used in the past. Whether farmers will use them on their farms depends not only on their technical equipment and knowledge, flexibility and receptiveness, but also on the legislative measures and sustainable nature of EU agricultural policy where farmers got used to be paid for every function and production that is environmentally and food friendly.
Oblikovanje baze podatkov o slovenskem medu
Authors: KOROŠEC Mojca , BERTONCELJ Jasna , KROPF Urška , GOLOB Terezija
Published: December 2023

V prispevku je opisano oblikovanje baze podatkov o značilnostih slovenskega medu. Prikazana je strategija oblikovanja baze, sistem vzorčenja, predstavljeni so vsi analizirani parametri in način hranjenja vzorcev medu. Poudarjena sta pomen in vloga podatkovne baze pri karakterizaciji posameznih, za Slovenijo značilnih vrst medu, pri ugotavljanju in potrjevanju botaničnega in geografskega porekla, spremljanju kakovosti medu in zaščiti potrošnika ter posredno pri sledenju obremenjenosti okolja.
Prevalence of coagulase positive pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus in milk and milk products collected from unorganized sector of Agra
Authors: SINGH Priyanka , PRAKASH Alka
Published: December 2023

The present study deals with the sampling, isolation and biochemical characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from raw milk of cow and buffalo, and milk products (khoa sweets and cottage cheese) collected from different unorganized sectors of Agra city, India. Samples of raw milk from cow, cottage cheese and khoa sweets indicated that S.aureus contamination was higher in east of Agra (Ram Bagh), whereas samples of raw milk from buffalo, collected from the west of Agra (Sikandra), showed higher S.aureus contamination. Least contamination was observed in samples of khoa sweets and cottage cheese collected from west of Agra (Sikandra) and in samples of cow and buffalo milk collected from North of Agra (Dayalbagh) and east of Agra (Ram Bagh), respectively. The incidence of high contamination in raw milk and milk products suggests that protective measures are inadequate and need to be enforced to avoid potential threat to public health.
Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in high-altitude (5000–6000 m) soils of the Himalaya
Authors: STRES Blaž
Published: December 2023

In this study, low-carbon soils collected from an altitude transect from 5000 m to 6000 m were adopted as a simple model system with lower interaction complexity. This could help disentangle the basic environmental factors shaping the abundance and distribution of expressed resistance traits in culturable portion of fast growing heterotrophic strains. Improved plate counts were performed at 4 °C using 0.01 diluted nutrient broth supplemented with cold soil extract as a general media and additionally supplemented with antibiotics Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Kanamycin and Tetracyclin. A number of colonies (500) isolated from six locations were also tested separately for their antibiotic resistance. The results show that these high-altitude cold soils contained bacterial populations culturable at 4 °C in the range of 106 cells / g that were resistant to the four antibiotics and their various combinations tested in this study. The highest prevalence of resistance was observed in vegetated soils, whereas almost two orders of magnitude lower abundance of resistant cells was cultured from barren soils. Redundancy analysis showed that vegetation, soil carbon and pH were successful in explaining the interaction between environmental parameters and various culturable fractions of cold soil bacteria used in this study.
Ocena parametrov disperzije za lastnosti zunanjosti pri konjih haflinške pasme
Authors: PLANINC Martina , RUS Janez , KOVAČ Milena , MALOVRH Špela
Published: December 2023

V naši raziskavi smo pri konjih haflinške pasme v Sloveniji za lastnosti zunanjosti ocenjevali komponente (ko)varianc. V podatkovni zbirki je bilo skupaj 3371 živali, od tega smo jih v raziskavo vključili 600 (15 žrebcev in 585 kobil). Živali, ki smo jih vključili v analizo, so imele zapise desetih ocen in/ali devetih meritev ter znanega vsaj enega od staršev. Model je za vse ocenjene in izmerjene lastnosti vseboval leto ocenjevanja in/ali merjenja kot sistematski vpliv in naključni vpliv živali. Uporabili smo metodo omejene največje zanesljivosti (REML) v programu VCE. Pozitivno definitne matrike smo dobili s pomočjo postopka, ki se imenuje ukrivljanje matrik (ang. bending). Za ocenjene lastnosti so znašale heritabilitete od 0,40 za prednji del trupa do 0,78 za pasemsko značilnost. Heritabilitete za izmerjene lastnosti so se gibale med 0,20 za globino prsi in 0,62 za višino vihra, merjeno s palico. Genetske korelacije so bile v večini pozitivne. Najvišja genetska korelacija pri ocenjenih lastnostih je 0,92 med skupno oceno in zadnjim delom trupa. Med oceno pasemske značilnosti in oceno prednjih nog korelacije ni bilo. Pri izmerjenih lastnostih so bile genetske korelacije ocenjene od 0,38 med dolžino trupa in obsegom prsi do 0,95 med višino vihra, merjeno s palico in višino vihra, merjeno s trakom.
Participativno raziskovanje večnamenskosti Krakovskih vrtov kot podlage za ohranitev zaščitene mestne kmetijske kulturne dediščine
Authors: VADNAL Katja , JAKŠE Marijana , ALIČ Vesna , JEREB-BOLKA Danica
Published: December 2023

Krakovski vrtovi, ki imajo dolgo in zanimivo zgodovino, se danes smiselno umeščajo v mestno kmetijstvo in to toliko bolj, ker je njihova tradicionalna raba zavarovana kot kulturna dediščina. Vendar so Krakovski vrtovi danes v slabem stanju, ki se še slabša. Cilj raziskave je analizirati, ali bi bil model prenove in ohranjanja Krakovskih vrtov, ki bi izhajal iz načel večnamenskega mestnega kmetijstva, sprejemljiv za relevantne déležnike: lastnike zemljišč, Četrtno skupnost Trnovo, Mestno občino Ljubljana in meščane. Uporabljeni sta metodi ankete in participativnega raziskovanja. Lastniki zemljišč so modelu bolj nenaklonjeni kot naklonjeni. Četrtna skupnost Trnovo je modelu naklonjena, skeptična pa je glede njegove realizacije. Tudi Mestna občina Ljubljana je modelu naklonjena, pri čemer je potrebno upoštevati, da ne izvaja ukrepov na področju javne koristi vrtov kot kulturne dediščine. Meščanom za vrtove ni mar, le pozidati bi se jih ne smelo. Rezultati raziskave sprožajo tudi novo vprašanje, in sicer: ali za ohranitev sploh obstaja avtentičen javni interes, čeprav je javna korist normativno izražena. V tem kontekstu bi bilo smiselno sprožiti razpravo med déležniki, v katerem bi se dorekla tako javni interes glede Krakovskih vrtov kot tudi javna korist od njih v sedanjih razmerah.
Economic growth and trend changes in wildlife hunting
Authors: KAWATA Yukichika
Published: December 2023

Petty-Clark’s law suggests that as the economy of a country develops, its proportion of primary industries declines while those of its secondary and tertiary industries increase.  Traditionally, hunting has played a crucial role in a country’s food supply; however, currently, it is increasingly viewed as a leisure activity. This paper empirically examines whether Petty-Clark’s law holds in case of hunting in European countries.  The results reveal that the proportion of hunters across countries increases when the per capita GDP is between 5,000 and 15,000 USD. Once the per capita GDP crosses the 15,000 USD mark, two major trends are detected: the number of hunters continues to increase in some countries but decreases in some other countries. Finally, the number of hunters in a country stabilizes when its per capita GDP reaches around 25,000 to 30,000 USD.
Topics related to social sciences by authors from Slovenia in agriculture-and-life-sciences database CAB Abstracts
Authors: BARTOL Tomaž , HOČEVAR Marjan
Published: December 2023

Documents related to social sciences are processed/indexed by several field-specific (e.g. Sociological Abstracts) and general (Web of Science, Scopus) bibliographic databases. These topics are scattered also among other specialized databases and information systems in agriculture, biomedicine, and other life-sciences, for example Agris, Agricola, FSTA, Medline (PubMed), etc. Agriculture can also involve social issues such as rural sociology, public services, settlements, demography, tourism (agritourism). Relevant documents may thus elude attention of researchers which seek information in a limited number of databases. We used CAB Abstracts (CABI/CAB International), the leading global database for agriculture, environment, veterinary sciences, applied economics, food science and nutrition. In a bibliometric/scientometric analysis, we used the classification based on subject categories CABICODES (CC), which enable identification of general research subject areas, in order to assess publishing patterns by researchers from Slovenia in 1991-2010. We assessed growth, and identified database records which had been classified with the social-sciences-related CC. We assessed co-classification or co-occurrence of these categories with other general subjects, such as Economics, Plant Science and Protection, Food Science and Produce, Animal Science, Forestry and Wood, Pathogen, Pest, Parasite and Weed Management, Soil Science, Human Health and Nutrition, Education, Extension, Information, Training, Natural Resources. 336 records were published by Slovenian authors, and  classified with social sciences CC in CAB Abstracts. In total, 1313 different CC had been assigned to the records. The social-sciences-related research co-occurs with the following subject matter, in a decreasing order: economics, forestry/wood science, natural resources (e.g. water, meteorology, pollution), human biology/health/nutrition, food, plant, animal science/protection.
Validation of the method for the determination of some wine volatile compounds
Authors: BAVČAR Dejan , BAŠA ČESNIK Helena
Published: December 2023

Wine aroma is influenced by a number of volatile compounds. This article describes the validation of the method for 26 volatile compounds found in wine. Volatile compounds were determined with discontinuous liquid-liquid extraction and GC-MS detection. It was determined, that the method is linear with square correlation coefficient ranging from 0.961 to 0.999.  Limits of quantitative determination range from 0.52 mg/L to 14.8 mg/L. Recoveries range from 71.1% to 105.7% except for two compounds with lower recoveries. Measurement uncertainty ranges from 5.0% to 28.9%. According to the validation, the method is suitable for the determination of at least 24 volatile compounds common to wine. A practical method application was presented on Zelen wine variety from two different production procedures.
Analiza padavin na širšem območju Triglavskega narodnega parka za obdobje 1961-2009
Authors: ČREPINŠEK Zalika , KUNŠIČ Andreja , KRALJ Tomaž , KAJFEŽ-BOGATAJ Lučka
Published: December 2023

Za 18 meteoroloških postaj na širšem območju Triglavskega narodnega parka smo za obdobje 1961-2009 analizirali letne višine padavin, število dni z dnevno višino padavin nad 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 in 150 mm ter število dvodnevnih nalivov z višino padavin nad 50, 100 in 150 mm. Za snežno odejo smo analizirali število dni po letnih časih in za snežno sezono ter trende v številu dni s snežno odejo. Največ padavin je imela v letnem povprečju Žaga pri Bovcu (2972 mm), najmanj Rateče (1532 mm). Medletna variabilnost višine padavin je na vseh postajah velika, v izrazito mokrih letih je višina padavin več kot dvakratna višina tiste v najbolj sušnih letih. Povprečne letne višine padavin, izračunane za dekade, se statistično značilno razlikujejo. Na večini postaj je bila najbolj mokra dekada 1961-1969, najbolj sušni dekadi pa 1980-1989 in 2000-2009. Na vseh postajah se pojavljajo močni enodnevni in dvodnevni nalivi, variabilnost števila izjemnih padavinskih dogodkov se povečuje z višino padavin. Največje število dni z višino padavin >5 mm ima Vogel (90), >10 mm in >20 mm Kneške Ravne (69 oz. 44). Dvodnevnih nalivov >50, >100 in >150 mm je največ na Žagi, najmanj pa v Ratečah. Na vseh postajah lahko vsako leto pričakujemo vsaj en dan, ko višina padavin presega 150 mm. Dolžina snežne sezone se v zadnjih letih zmanjšuje. Trend v številu dni s snežno odejo je na vseh postajah negativen. Velikost statistično značilnih sprememb je od -4,3 dni/10 let na Žagi do -14,9 dni/10 let v Stari Fužini.
Problematika nabiranja cvetnih brstov za izdelavo preparatov mejoze
Authors: SINKOVIČ Tomaž
Published: December 2023

Opisan je evolucijski pomen mejoze in vzroki za prevlado spolnega načina razmnoževanja pri višjih rastlinah ter pomen prerazporejanja genov (rekombinacija) v profazi prve zoritvene delitve. Predstavljen je razvoj mejoze iz mitoze in razlike med tema celičnima delitvama.  Opisano je nabiranje cvetnih brstov čemaža za pripravo mejotskih preparatov. Cvetne brste čemaža smo nabirali v marcu in aprilu 2008. Največ mejotskih faz smo opazili pri cvetnih brstih nabranih v tretjem tednu v mesecu marcu. Optimalna dolžina cvetnih brstov je bila 1 do 1,5 cm. V aprilu so bili cvetni brsti preveč razviti, lahko smo opazovali le pelodna zrna.
Using a different growth medium greatly improves distinction of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans strains by the cellular fatty acids and aldehydes profiles
Authors: ZOREC Maša , VODOVNIK Maša , MARINŠEK LOGAR Romana
Published: December 2023

A total of 11 ruminal strains currently assigned to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans were cultivated in two different media, rumen fluid containing M2 and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) containing M330, and their cellular fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and dimethylacetals (DMA) were analyzed using gas chromatography. A comparison of the FAME/DMA compositions revealed that the difference in SCFA contents in the growth medium induced a pronounced quantitative effect on the cellular branched-chain fatty acid and aldehydes proportions only in the P. xylanivorans strains. This study shows that FAME/DMA analysis is a powerful chemotaxonomic tool in the group of phenotypically similar rumen butyrivibria especially when the influence of the growth medium is evaluated.
behaviour of individually housed growing rabbits and the influence of gnawing sticks as environmental enrichment on daily rhythm of behavioural patterns duration
Authors: JORDAN Dušanka , GORJANC Gregor , KERMAUNER Ajda , ŠTUHEC Ivan
Published: December 2023

The aim of our study was to examine average duration and frequency of behaviour of growing rabbits and possible influence of gnawing sticks as environmental enrichment on their daily rhythm of behavioural patterns duration. For this purpose 16 males of Slovenian sire line SIKA for meat production were recorded 24 hours per day, between 45 and 48, 58 and 61, 72 and 75, and 86 and 89 days age of rabbits. Animals were housed individually in wire-mesh cages equipped with a feeder and a nipple drinker. Half of the cages were enriched with wooden sticks of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Animals had free access to the feed and water; the daily duration of lighting was 12 hours. Rabbits spent a major proportion of time resting (59.03%). They were lying most of the time in abdominal (38.84%) and abdominal – lateral position (18.05%). The most common active behavioural patterns were body care (sum of grooming and scratching; 20.16%), feeding (10.25%) and sniffing (4.60%). Rabbits changed their behaviour on average 53.55-times, from three to 197-times per hour. The difference in daily rhythm of individual behavioural pattern duration between rabbits in enriched and control cages was mostly expressed around the time lights were turned on or off.
Analysis of longevity in Slovenian holstein cattle
Authors: POTOČNIK Klemen , GANTNER Vesna , KRSNIK Jurij , ŠTEPEC Miran , LOGAR Betka , GORJANC Gregor
Published: December 2023

The longevity of Slovenian Holstein population was analysed using survival analysis with a Weibull proportional hazard model. Data spanned the period between January 1991 and January 2010 for 116,200 cows from 3,891 herds. Longevity was described as the length of productive life – from first calving till culling or censoring. Records above the sixth lactation were censored to partially avoid preferential treatment. Statistical model included the effect of age at first calving, stage of lactation within parity, yearly herd size deviation, season defined as year, herd, and sire-maternal grandsire (mgs). Some effects had time varying covariates, which lead to 1,839,307 or on average 16 elementary records per cow. Herd and sire-maternal grandsire effects were modelled hierarchically. Pedigree for sires and maternal grandsires included 2,284 entries. Estimated variance between herds was 0.12, while between sire variance was 0.04. Heritability was evaluated at 0.14. Genetic trend for sires was unfavourable, but not significant. A further research is needed to define the required number of daughters per sire and the dynamics of genetic evaluation for sires whose majority of daughters still have censored records.
Growth and mortality of SIKA suckling rabbits in Slovenia
Authors: PLANINC Martina , KERMAUNER Ajda , MALOVRH Špela , KOVAČ Milena
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to estimate some effects on mortality and growth in rabbits. The study was carried out in Slovenian SIKA sire line. In total, 1028 kits of 80 does were included. In the analyses the effects of parity, number of liveborn kits, number of teats, and season of kits birth were analysed. Birth weight was included in the model for mortality, while age was included in the model for growth. Parity, litter size, teat number and season affected the body weights. Body weight varied also according to age. Mortality has changes by litter size, season and initial weight. An average litter size was 8.77 kits born, 8.15 kits born alive and 7.00 kits weaned. The birth to weaning mortality was 14.4% and mortality has steadily declined with age. Average weight up to age 3 days was 72 g and at weaning 959 g. Kits in smaller litters and kits from does with more teats had a higher growth rate. Also kits grow faster in the colder months.
Pluripotent stem cells and reprogramming in human and farm animals
Authors: OGOREVC Jernej , DOVČ Peter
Published: December 2023

The importance of pluripotent cells, which can differentiate in to different cell lineages and form an entire organism, is fundamental for understanding developmental biology including emerging diseases and offers potential for numerous applications in medicine and biotechnology. However, molecular mechanisms behind differentiation and de-differentiation (reprogramming) remain largely unknown. Until recently it was possible to obtain stem cells only from embryos in the early stages of development (embryonic stem cells – ESCs) or by using very inefficient and technically difficult method of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) that requires use of egg cells (oocytes). Both methods raised ethical concerns, especially when using human biological material. On the other hand, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated by direct reprogramming of differentiated adult somatic cells. iPSCs show similarities to ESCs and represent ethically acceptable and almost unlimited source of individuum-specific pluripotent cells. iPSCs are particularly important for development of regenerative medicine, disease modelling, drug development and testing, basic research, generation of transgenic animals, and for conservation of endangered species. However, before it is possible to exploit their potential in full, reprogramming processes should be investigated and understood in details and safe methods developed – that will enable production of genetically and epigenetically stable cells without tumorigenic potential. This article provides an overview of the field of iPSCs and addresses some of the latest achievements and applications of pluripotent cells in human and farm animals.
Effect of selenium and vitamin E supplementation during late pregnancy on colostrum and plasma Se, Cu, Zn and Fe concentrations of fat tail Sanjabi ewes and their lambs
Authors: JALILIAN M.T. , MOEINI M.M. , KARKODI K.
Published: December 2023

Twenty seven fat tail ewes were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Four and two weeks before expected lambing, ewes were injected intramuscularly 0 ml (C) 5 ml (T1), 10 ml (T2) selenium and vitamin E respectively. Blood samples were collected from ewes four weeks before expected lambing and on the day of lambing. Blood samples of their lambs were taken from the jugular vein at birth and 7 days of age. Selenium, copper, zinc and iron concentrations of plasma and colostrum were measured by inductively couple plasma (ICP-OES). The plasma Se concentration of lambs in T2 was significantly increased compared with control group at 7 days of age (P < 0.05). The colostrums Se and Cu concentrations were significantly increased in Se supplemented ewe and their lambs (P < 0.05). The plasma Zn concentration of ewes at lambing and colostrum were significantly decreased in T2 compared with controls. The plasma Zn concentration of lambs of ewes of T2 was significantly decreased compared with other groups at 7 days of age (P < 0.05). The serum concentration of Cu increased in supplemented ewes, which was concomitant with a reduction in Zn concentration in serum and colostrums. It seems that an increase in serum concentration of Cu at the end of pregnancy in ewes given Se supplement could disturb the Zn: Cu ratios which in turn lead to Zn reduction. There was a positive correlation between serum Se concentration with Cu and Fe levels and also a negative correlation between Se and Zn in treated ewes.
Selenium supplementation stimulates vegetative and reproductive growth in canola (Brassica napus L.) plants
Authors: HAJIBOLAND Roghieh , KEIVANFAR Nasrin
Published: December 2023

Selenium (Se) is a beneficial element for higher plants and its positive effect on plants growth and performance has been reported. Effect of Se under non-stress conditions especially during reproductive phase has not been attracted enough attention. In this work effect of Se supplementation at 0, 10 and 20 μg Se plant-1 was studied in canola (Brassica napus’RGS’) plants during vegetative and reproductive phase of growth under greenhouse conditions. Selenium addition resulted in a significant enhancement of dry matter production of vegetative parts as well as pod and seed dry weight. In addition, Se supplementation caused a considerable acceleration of reproductive events. In vegetative plants, higher photosynthesis rate, carbohydrates and protein content in the leaves was observed in Se treated plants compared with control. Our results suggested beneficial effect of Se on canola seed yield that may also contribute in improving nutritional value of canola for livestock and human.
Water and nitrogen use efficiency of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) at different nitrogen and water levels
Authors: LESKOVŠEK Robert , ELER Klemen , BATIČ Franc , SIMONČIČ Andrej
Published: December 2023

Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) spread across Europe and other regions is becoming a serious health and economic threat. A pot experiment was conducted in 2011 to determine effect of various nitrogen (N) (10, 100 kg/ha) and water supply regime on resource use efficiency of ragweed. Ragweed plants increased their dry matter production with increased water and N availability. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was decreased with N addition and was not influenced by water availability. Mean nitrogen residence time (MRT) was longer at low N and water levels. In contrast, nitrogen productivity (NP), NUE and water use efficiency (WUE) were all increased with enhanced water supply. A trade-off between parameters of NUE was attributed to differential response of NP and MRT to soil fertility and water supply. Our results confirmed that ragweed displayed high adaptation to unproductive sites. However, ragweed’s greater plasticity in response to water availability compared to N availability suggest, that water supply plays important role in its invasion success and in combination with disturbance ragweed might further spread into more productive environments.
Reasearch of Energy use efficiency for maize production systems in Izeh, Iran
Authors: LORZADEH SH. , MAHDAVIDAMGHANI A. , ENAYATGHOLIZADEH M. R. , YOUSEFI M.
Published: December 2023

This study was carried out in Khuzestan province in Iran and aim of investigation was energy analysis (input-output) of maize production systems in Izeh County of Iran. Data were collected from 30 maize farms by using a face to face questionnaire method in 2011. The results revealed that in maize production systems total energy input was 34.640 MJ.ha-1. The highest share of energy consumed was recorded for N fertilizer (20.80%) which is a nonrenewable resource. Output energy was 102.973 MJ.ha-1. Accordingly, energy use efficiency (output-input ratio) was 2.97, energy productivity calculated as 0.20 kg.MJ-1 and net energy was observed as 68.333 MJ.Kg-1. Also, agrochemical energy ratio was 48.97% which is high ratio of input energy in this agro ecosystems.