bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the 236U(n,f) cross-section between 4 and 10 MeV with Micromegas detectors
Authors: Michalopoulou V. , Diakaki M. , Stamatopoulos A. , Kalamara A. , Kokkoris M. , Lagoyannis A. , Patronis N. , Tsinganis A. , Vlastou R.
Published: February 2020

In this work, the measurement of the 236U(n,f) cross-section is presented, in the energy range 4 – 10 MeV, with the use of quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams produced via the 2H(d,n)3He reaction. The measurements took place at the neutron beam facility of the National Centre for Scientific Research ‘Demokritos’. The detection of the fission fragments was achieved with Micromegas detectors placed in a fission chamber, containing both the 236U targets and the reference samples, namely 238U and 235U. The analysis of the experimental data, as well as the first results will be presented.
Development of a low–cost γ–ray spectrometry PMT adapter
Authors: Andrikopoulos C. , Zagoraios G. , Mertzimekis T. J. , Tsilis E. , Nistazakis H. E.
Published: February 2020

A crucial part of any scintillator–based spectroscopy experiment is the photomultiplier tube (PMT) and its associate electronics, typically coming in the form of a PMT adapter responsible for amplifying and digitizing the record pulses. Commercial adapters are typically expensive, therefore a more practical and costless solution is in dire need. In the present work, a light–weight, portable electronic circuit was constructed from scratch based on the open–access Theremino design [1] to play the role of a PMT adapter responsible for the processing of the PMT output signal. The adapter is universally compatible with PMTs and with any computer with a built–in sound card. The PC sound card acts as the digitizer of the signal, which is subsequently analyzed by the Theremino MCA analysis software [1]. The construction of this handmade, easily reproducible circuit, increases drastically the ability to perform spectroscopy measurements with the currently available scintillators in our lab.
A new scheme for heavy nuclei: proxy-SU(3)
Authors: Bonatsos D. , Casten R. F. , Martinou A. , Assimakis I. E. , Minkov N. , Sarantopoulou S. , Cakirli R. B. , Blaum K.
Published: February 2020

The SU(3) symmetry realized by J. P. Elliott in the sd nuclear shell is destroyed in heavier shells by the strong spin-orbit interaction. However, the SU(3) symmetry has been used for the description of heavy nuclei in terms of bosons in the framework of the Interacting Boson Approximation, as well as in terms of fermions using the pseudo-SU(3) approximation. We introduce a new fermionic approximation, called the proxy-SU(3), and we discuss how some of its novel predictions come out as a consequence of the short range of the nucleon-nucleon interaction and the Pauli principle.
Radioactivity measurements in granite samples using NaI(Tl) spectrometry
Authors: Pilakouta M. , Pappa F. K. , Patiris D. L. , Tsabaris C. , Kalfas C. A.
Published: February 2020

N/A
Technique for Characterization and Clearance of the Resin Waste from the Greek Research Reactor (GRR-1)
Authors: Ntalla E. , Savvidou A.
Published: February 2020

The present work concerns the examination of management options for VLLW drums [1] with ion exchange resin waste from the Greek Research Reactor (GRR-1). According to the general clearance criterion [2, 3], after cementation, 75 % of the VLLW could be cleared and for the remaining 25 % the summation formula result is lower than 1.6. The proposed management option for the total amount of the VLLW resin is the spread of the cemented resin, before thickening, over the ground around the interim storage facilities, inside the controlled area, for pavement construction. Additionally, a quantity of the cemented waste will be used for preparation of blocks for quality and homogeneity examination of the waste form.
Microscopic description of neutron-induced fission with the Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) Model: Recent progress
Authors: Papadimitriou S. , Souliotis G. A. , Veselsky M. , Bonasera A.
Published: February 2020

N/A
Beta ray sensitivity of LiF dosimeters as a function of radiation temperature
Authors: Konstantinidis P. , Sfampa I. K. , Kitis G.
Published: February 2020

N/A
Experimental and theoretical study of the (n,2n) reactions on 174,175Hf isotopes
Authors: Krokidi K. , Vlastou R. , Kalamara A. , Serris M. , Stamatopoulos A. , Hassapoglou S. , Michalopoulou V. , Kokkoris M. , Axiotis M. , Lagoyannis A.
Published: February 2020

N/A
Photon activation analysis of metallurgical tap smelting slag using a high energy medical accelerator: Further studies
Authors: Togia N. , Vasilopoulou T. , Filippaki E. , Georgolopoulou P. , Mertzimekis T. J. , Basiakos Y. , Stamatelatos I. E.
Published: February 2020

N/A
Ormianie Mohylowa Podolskiego w świetle materiałów V rewizji 1795 roku
Authors: Potapenko Maksym
Published: February 2020

Armenians from Mohylów Podolski in the Light of the Documents from the Fifth Revision of 1795

The article contains an edit and analysis of two documents that describe the Armenian community in Mohylów Podolski (Mohyliv-Podilskyi) on the Dniester after the Third Partition of Poland. They were created following the 1795 census of the population of Russia which was used to levy a poll tax (the so-called fifth revision). The documents contain a list of Armenian families and data on their social and professional status, age and territorial origin. They constitute an important source of information for genealogical, demographic, and historical research.
Pendereccy wywodzą się z Iranu
Authors: Pisowicz Andrzej
Published: February 2020

The Penderecki Family Comes from Iran

The author conducts linguistic research to support the thesis that the surname of the outstanding Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki is of Iranian origin. The name was formed by adding the suffix –i (Persian suffix indicating origin) to the word root Fenderesk, which is the name of the district in the Iranian province of Golestân on the Caspian Sea, where the Armenian minority still resides. In the Persian language there is a correspondence between the letter P and F. This confirms the Penderecki family’s tradition that their ancestor came from Isfahan, he initially bore the name Pendereski (Fenderesk-i) and was of Persian-Armenian origin.
Verdade e Significado na Teoria dos Atos de Fala: notas sobre os pressupostos da teoria searleana
Authors: Gomes Filipe Almeida , Mari Hugo
Published: February 2020

Desde sua formulação na primeira metade do século XX (AUSTIN, 1962), a Teoria dos Atos de Fala tem se consolidado como uma frutífera abordagem para a compreensão das relações entre língua(gem) e ação. Em favor dessa afirmação, podemos observar, por exemplo, o constante tratamento da teoria nos mais variados manuais linguísticos sobre Pragmática. Tendo em mente, pois, esse lugar privilegiado que, a despeito de seus críticos, a teoria alcançou, e com vistas a possibilitar novas incursões na Teoria dos Atos de Fala ou, até mesmo, em toda a filosofia da linguagem e da mente de John Searle, o presente artigo visa jogar luz sobre os conceitos de “significado” e “verdade” que subjazem à Teoria dos Atos de Fala de orientação searleana. Para tal, além de colocações pontuais decorrentes do conjunto de escritos do próprio John Searle, recuperamos as considerações de Mari (1998), Strawson (1982) e Walker (1997). Ao fim, sustentamos que na base da Teoria dos Atos de Fala está tanto a concepção da “verdade como correspondência” quanto o entendimento de que o significado é o produto das complexas relações entre o significado convencional da sentença (aspecto formal), por um lado, e o significado intencional do falante, enunciador (aspecto enunciativo), por outro.
O "NÃO-PAPEL" FEMININO EM MANA MARIA
Authors: Gomes da Silva Mônica
Published: February 2020

A obra Mana Maria (1936), único romance de António de Alcântara Machado (1901-1935), é considerada o momento de consolidação do estilo praticado pelo prosador modernista. O presente trabalho propõe o estudo das duas principais vertentes da tradição crítica do romance, bem como a análise da singularidade da obra dentro da produção do escritor. O romance foi entendido, inicialmente, como uma expressão, temática e estrutural, mais complexa em relação ao tratamento da personagem, a saída da tipificação. Em um segundo momento, Mana Maria é vista como um retrato de uma oligarquia em franca decadência social, dividida entre a glorificação do passado e a banalização do presente. A personagem protagonista seria a defesa dos valores dos “paulistas de 400 anos” e a resistência às modificações no complexo cenário da metrópole em expansão. Nesse sentido, a obra seria, também, a resposta amargurada de São Paulo à reação do país durante a Revolução Constitucionalista (1932). Para o estudo da tradição crítica e da questão da personagem no romance de 30, recorreram-se às análises de Mário de Andrade (1936), Luís Toledo Machado (1970), Cecília de Lara (1988), Sérgio Miceli (2001) e Luís Bueno (2015), entre outros. É perceptível uma guinada no direcionamento literário do escritor, que acompanhava com interesse a produção romanesca de 1930. Cabe assinalar, assim, que o papel feminino adquire um novo status dentro da obra do escritor modernista, ao mesmo tempo que compartilha pontos de contato com as fortes representações das imagens da mulher, que povoam os romances de 30.
O crescente aumento dos resíduos oriundos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos: a cidade em busca da gestão socioambiental adequada para o destino final do e-lixo
Authors: Catão Marconi Do Ó
Published: February 2020

Este texto se propõe a analisar as relações existentes entre a cidade, meio ambiente e bem-estar de seus habitantes, diante da crescente problemática do destino final dos resíduos sólidos oriundos do lixo eletroeletrônico, envolvendo aspectos jurídicos, urbanísticos, ambientais e de saúde pública. O método de procedimento adotado foi o descritivo-analítico, sendo destacadas as sociedades modernas, com ênfase para a consumista, procurando compreender as práticas que vêm sendo utilizadas quanto ao destino final do e-lixo. Além disso, serão discutidos alguns aspectos da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, objetivando demonstrar a inespecificidade legislativa com relação ao destino final para o lixo eletroeletrônico, bem como serão consideradas  a coleta seletiva, logística reversa e reciclagem. Os principais resultados indicam que a falta de planejamento quanto ao destino final desses resíduos implicará em sérios entraves  para o desenvolvimento das cidades, com repercussões para o meio ambiente e a saúde das pessoas. Enfim, nesse cenário evidencia-se uma situação complexa, devido a China, principal nação importadora de resíduos sólidos, ter anunciado oficialmente que ainda em 2018 deixará de importar significativa quantidade,  incluindo o e-lixo, desencadeando assim um problema que os principais deverão enfrentar tempestivamente.
Brasília, uma cidade democrática para a democracia
Authors: Amaral Ana Luiza Lacerda , Guedes Jefferson Carús
Published: February 2020

Neste trabalho, a partir da perspectiva da cidade política (ou pólis contemporânea), faz-se um estudo sobre Brasília, sede do governo federal. A questão principal levantada é quão democrática a capital do Brasil é, ou seja, se a participação popular na conformação político-espacial da cidade é realmente efetiva. Instrumentos normativos que respaldam a participação da população no desenvolvimento urbano serão elencados, bem como foi feita uma análise da elaboração do Plano de Preservação do Conjunto Urbanístico de Brasília. O objetivo é demonstrar a real capacidade de articulação entre os principais atores envolvidos no processo de democratização da cidade de Brasília.
A trajetória da participação pública em matéria urbanoambiental no sistema jurídico brasileiro
Authors: Albuquerque Maria Claudia Bentes , Dias Daniella Maria dos Santos
Published: February 2020

Este artigo revisita o processo de afirmação histórica do direito à participação pública em matéria urbanoambiental no Brasil. Parte-se de pesquisa exploratória sobre a evolução da cidadania no Brasil Republicano para compreender, atualmente, o direito à participação democrática na gestão de cidades. O objetivo é analisar os fundamentos jurídico-políticos para o exercício da participação pública em questões com interface urbanística e ambiental. Visa-se responder o seguinte problema: em que medida o sistema jurídico brasileiro encontra-se estruturado para propiciar a participação pública em deliberações de caráter urbanoambiental? O estudo qualitativo tem abordagem analítico-descritiva e contou com a aplicação de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental para a coleta de materiais teórico-conceituais e normativos. A organização e análise dos dados foram realizadas pela técnica do mapeamento cognitivo. Como resultado, verificou-se que, apesar dos avanços ocorridos no sistema jurídico brasileiro após a Constituição de 1988, ainda é necessário promover a criação de mecanismos institucionais e medidas democráticas inovadoras para ampliar o exercício dos direitos à informação e à participação pública. Conclui-se que a inexistência de critérios objetivos para avaliação da efetividade do direito à participação pública desafia a proteção do meio ambiente e a gestão de cidades.
Criminalidade e as audiências de custódia em Rondônia: o desafio do desencarceramento.
Authors: Cabral de Vasconcellos Patrícia Mara , Alcântara Kerley Regina Ferreira de Arruda
Published: February 2020

O artigo analisa o cenário do encarceramento e da criminalidade em Rondônia e, em que medida, as audiências de custódia contribuem para evitar a prisão aplicando, quando possível, as medidas cautelares substitutas das penas privativas de liberdade. A pesquisa pauta-se em estudo de caso com a observação de 177 solenidades realizadas pelo Núcleo de Audiência de Custódia da comarca de Porto Velho, capital de Rondônia. Através dos dados coletados foi possível analisar o perfil social do custodiado, os tipos penais recorrentes e as decisões proferidas pelo juiz de custódia. Diante de um cenário de violência e desigualdade social, os critérios para a manutenção da prisão são principalmente a reincidência e a gravidade do delito. No entanto, notou-se que não há uma uniformidade de procedimentos entre os magistrados. Para além, há uma forte correlação entre prisão e justiça. Assim, em Rondônia, estado onde a criminalidade e o encarceramento em massa são marcas da violência urbana, reavaliar as alternativas e tecer medidas de aprimoramento dos institutos deve ser uma prática constante, inclusive no que se diz respeito às referidas audiências.
Nacionalismos, Independências e State-Building no Cáucaso do Sul | Nationalisms, independence and state-building in the South Caucasus
Authors: Monteiro de Carvalho Rodrigo
Published: February 2020

RESUMOPosicionado entre a Europa e a Ásia, linha de contato entre as civilizações islâmica e cristã e lar de diversas etnias, o Cáucaso foi disputado por persas, turcos e russos durante séculos. Após um breve período de independência, ao final da década de 1910, Armênia, Geórgia e Azerbaijão permaneceram sob o rígido controle de Moscou por quase a totalidade do século XX. No entanto, antes mesmo da extinção oficial da União Soviética, em 1991, conflitos étnicos e movimentos independentistas passaram a aflorar na região. Neste artigo, procura-se analisar de forma comparada os ressurgimentos dos nacionalismos armênio, azerbaijano e georgiano durante os anos finais do regime soviético, assim como os processos de independência e posterior construção de seus respectivos Estados nacionais. Espera-se demonstrar que os conflitos étnico-políticos que afloraram no Cáucaso durante o processo de desintegração soviética serviram como catalizadores para o reavivamento dos nacionalismos na região.Palavras-Chave: Cáucaso do Sul; nacionalismos; desintegração soviética.ABSTRACTPlaced between Europe and Asia, line of contact between Islamic and Christian civilizations and home to various ethnicities, the Caucasus has been disputed by Persians, Turks and Russians for centuries. After a brief period of independence in the late 1910s, Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan remained under the tight control of Moscow for almost the entire twentieth century. However, even before the official demise of the Soviet Union in 1991, ethnic conflicts and independence movements began to surface in the region. This paper seeks to analyze in a comparative way the resurgence of Armenian, Georgian and Azerbaijani nationalisms during the final years of the Soviet regime, as well as the processes of independence and subsequent construction of their respective national states. It is expected to demonstrate that the ethnic-political conflicts that erupted in the Caucasus during the soviet disintegration served as catalysts for the revival of nationalisms in the region.Keywords: South Caucasus; nationalisms; soviet disintegration. Recebido em: 09 Set.2019 | Aceito em: 16 Dez.2019
O PARADIGMA DA JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA FRENTE À JUSTIÇA RETRIBUTIVA: REFLEXÕES SOBRE OS LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES DA SUA APLICAÇÃO EM CASOS DE VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA CONTRA MULHERES
Authors: Silva Artenira Da Silva e , Teixeira de Lima Dandara Miranda
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo visa estabelecer aproximações entre o paradigma da justiça restaurativa e a violência doméstica. Compreende-se que justiça restaurativa possui como foco o empoderamento e proteção da vítima, bem como a efetiva responsabilização do agressor. Constatam-se as crescentes iniciativas normativas para a aplicação desta prática, especialmente em casos de violência doméstica. Mediante as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, evidenciou-se que as aproximações entre justiça restaurativa e violência doméstica apresentam resistências. Ressalta-se, contudo, a necessidade de realização de maiores debates, troca de experiências e pesquisas no que se refere ao tema em estudo, para que se estabeleçam consensos mínimos sobre o assunto e se garanta a integralidade do atendimento a vítimas de violência doméstica. Atenta-se, especialmente, para o fato do seu agressor ser alguém com quem a vítima manteve ou ainda mantém relação de afeto vinculativa de expressão relevante para ela, independentemente de sua idade cronológica ou do tipo da violência sofrida. Palavras-chaves: Justiça Restaurativa; Violência Doméstica; Vítima; Agressor; Integralidade
O discurso de ódio como limitante da liberdade de expressão
Authors: Moraes Patricia Almeida de , Pamplona Danielle Anne
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo pretende analisar as restrições à liberdade de expressão, quando esta se aproxima do discurso de ódio. Primeiramente, aborda-se as limitações aplicadas à liberdade de expressão no Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos, a partir da análise do artigo 13 do Pacto de San Jose da Costa Rica, do entendimento da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, em casos que se mostrou necessária a aplicação desta limitação, e a análise do conteúdo da Convenção Interamericana Contra Toda a Forma de Discriminação e Intolerância. Em seguida é trata-se discurso de ódio como elemento inibidor da liberdade de expressão, e de seu conteúdo discriminatório e intolerante, que por muitas vezes acaba instigando a violência. Posteriormente, foram apresentadas as duas formas de ser tratado o discurso de ódio pelos Estados: a liberdade negativa, utilizada pelos Estados Unidos, e a liberdade positiva, aplicada pela Alemanha, demonstrando que Estados diversos apontam soluções jurídicas diversas para um mesmo problema. A pesquisa foi descritiva e explicativa com a análise dos documentos do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos e de casos julgados pela Corte, e a partir do método comparativo, buscou-se compreender os fatores levam dois países tratarem de maneiras opostas a questão do discurso de ódio.
O poder e o direito: uma abordagem pela ótica do biopoder
Authors: Silva Luciano Braz
Published: February 2020

Analisar os aspectos do poder, como formas de dominação e a sua relação com a política e o direito constitui objeto desse artigo. Neste sentido, nosso artigo antecipa suas reflexões suscitando de antemão algumas questões, tais como: haveria algum sentido para pensarmos uma coexistência entre o poder, a política e o direito? A existência/permanência do direito estaria comprometida se divorciada duma coexistência do poder? Tomando como referencial teórico a obra de Hannah Arendt nosso artigo direcionará suas análises a concepção sistêmica do direito e da política atrelando ao conceito de poder abordado no pensamento de Luhmann.
O futuro repetindo o passado? digital rights management, tecnologias disruptivas e o direito autoral brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Jordan Vinícius
Published: February 2020

O artigo propõe analisar algumas tecnologias disruptivas, a saber, inteligência artificial, contratos inteligentes e blockchain, e o seu reflexo em bens intelectuais protegidos por direitos autorais na chamada era digital. O quadro metodológico e teórico é constituído respectivamente pelo emprego do conceito de pesquisa qualitativa, em Groulx, e pela afirmativa das quatro modalidades de regulação dos comportamentos, em Lessig. Por meio do estudo de caso do Gerenciamento de Direitos Digitais, a pesquisa conclui que a aplicação do direito autoral às criações artísticas em plataformas disruptivas precisa ser reavaliada com vistas a empoderar um prospecto mais público e democrático. Desse modo, embora comportem importantes inovações, as tecnologias com inteligência artificial, contratos inteligentes e blockchain sofrem de uma ausência de maior engajamento social e legal.
O termo inicial da proteção da vida humana dependente no delito de aborto
Authors: Aires Fernanda Diniz , Carvalho Gisele Mendes de
Published: February 2020

No ano de 2016, a Primeira Turma do Supremo Tribunal Federal julgou o Habeas Corpus nº 124.306/2016, oportunidade em que, sob escusa de uma interpretação conforme a Constituição, considerou atípico o aborto praticado até o terceiro mês de gestação. Diante disso, pode-se dizer que a decisão deve ser considerada inconvencional, além de apropriação pelo Poder Judiciário de matéria de competência e legitimidade do Poder Legislativo, violando o princípio da separação dos poderes e da legalidade do direito penal. O objetivo delimitar com precisão o termo inicial dessa proteção (tipo objetivo do delito de aborto) e para tanto foi utilizado o método predominantemente dedutivo e teórico, por meio da análise da jurisprudência e da revisão bibliográfica de diversos periódicos, livros e trabalhos publicados sobre o tema.
La empresa y la administración pública: trámites y gestiones
Authors: Aranda Roberto Sanromán
Published: February 2020

La empresa en su desarrollo tiene muchos derechos y obligaciones, por lo que se ve en la necesidad de realizar distintos trámites y gestiones frente a la administración pública, dichos requerimientos están contenidos en las distintas leyes y reglamentos. Hay que considerar que existe un cáncer llamado corrupción, que retrasa dichas gestiones, o los vicia, por lo que tanto los servidores públicos dependientes de distintos entes de la administración pública, como las personas o gestores que tienen que realizar los trámites, deben estar limpios de corrupción y actuar conforme a principios éticos que contengan valores sólidos tendientes al bienestar, tanto de las empresas como de la administración pública en consecución del bien común de la sociedad, a quien va dirigida de los distintos grupos de consumidores finales
A MUTAÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL NO DIREITO PÚBLICO DO IMPÉRIO ALEMÃO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE LABAND E JELLINEK
Authors: Pedron Flávio Quinaud
Published: February 2020

Uma vez que o direito constitucional brasileiro continua a fazer uso do conceito de mutação constitucional, principalmente pelo STF, torna-se fundamental verificar a correção do emprego de tal instrumental teórico. O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar as raízes históricas do conceito de mutação constitucional a partir do seu surgimento no contexto histórico do Império alemão. A partir disso, vamos poder identificar que a utilização do conceito pela teoria e pela prática brasileira se distanciam e se divorciam da construção original do direito constitucional alemão. Portanto, no Brasil, a mutação constitucional tem seu sentido esvaziado e transformado apenas em uma ferramenta retórica pelo STF
Characteristics associated with high levels of patient-reported adherence to self-management strategies prescribed by physiotherapists
Authors: Peek Kerry , Carey Mariko , Mackenzie Lisa , Sanson-Fisher Robert
Published: February 2020

Background/aims

Physiotherapist-prescribed self-management strategies are an important component of physiotherapy practice but they can only be effective if patients adhere. The aim of this study was to explore patient-reported adherence to physiotherapist-prescribed self-management strategies, and the extent to which patient, physiotherapist, consultation and prescription characteristics are associated with high levels of adherence.

Methods

A cross-sectional observational study across four private practices; including 14 physiotherapists and 113 patients was conducted. Data were collected in two stages. The first stage consisted of observing a patient at their physiotherapist consultation to collect data regarding the physiotherapist's prescription of self-management strategies. The second stage consisted of a follow-up telephone interview with each observed patient to record the patient-reported level of adherence to each prescribed self-management strategy.

Results

Prescribed self-management strategies where physiotherapists asked patients to repeat details of the self-management strategy were 6.54 times (95% confidence interval 2.91–14.98) more likely to be highly adhered to than strategies where the physiotherapist did not do this. Prescribed strategies accompanied by printed information were 2.73 times (95% confidence interval 1.24–6.00) more likely to be highly adhered to than strategies that were not. Advice such as to rest from activity (odds ratio=0.18; 95% confidence interval 0.08–0.40) was less likely to be highly adhered to when compared to home-based exercise programmes.

Conclusions

To improve patient-reported adherence to self-management strategies, physiotherapists should be encouraged to provide supplementary printed information and ask their patients to repeat details of the prescribed strategy.
What do men want? A gender-specific approach to male facial rejuvenation
Authors: Miller Amy
Published: February 2020

Men are a small, but growing, segment of the non-surgical facial rejuvenation patient population. Men seek treatment for a variety of reasons, including seeking a more youthful and masculine appearance, and, most often, seek treatments to improve their hairline, periocular area and jawline. Sexual dimorphism in the human face dictates a different approach to male facial rejuvenation and revolumisation. Approaches to the upper, mid and lower face with neurotoxins and dermal fillers are discussed, with an emphasis on masculising and not feminising the male patient.
Delaying the ageing process: the link between menopause and the skin's appearance
Authors: McGloin Claudia
Published: February 2020

During peri-menopause and menopause, the skin goes through various changes that can have a negative impact on women. While it is a fact that every woman will experience menopause, the symptoms will vary from woman to woman. With that in mind, there are many menopausal women visiting aesthetic clinics seeking treatments to delay the ageing process but will want to do it in a natural-looking way. This article will look at the menopause and the changes that occur to the skin; it will also discuss what aesthetic practitioners can do to help patients.
Blockchain Ready Port Supply Chain Using Distributed Ledger
Authors: Boison David King , Antwi-Boampong Ahmed
Published: February 2020

Blockchain technology, as a bedrock for distributed ledgers, offers a platform for innovation for a new decentralized and transparent transaction machinery in industries and businesses, and the port is not an exception. The inbuilt features of this technology enrich trust through transparency and traceability within any transaction of data, goods, services, and financial resources. Notwithstanding initial doubts about this technology, lately government and large corporations have offered to adopt and enhance this technology in various fields of applications, from social and legal industries, and finance to design, maritime and port networks. In this paper, the authors review the current status of the Blockchain technology and some of its applications. The potential benefit of such a technology in port and maritime supply chain is then discussed, and a vision for the future Blockchain ready port and maritime supply chain are proposed. The importation of containerized vehicles is used as an example to demonstrate how such technology can be deployed in a global port industry. Finally, the requirements and challenges to adopt this technology in the future in relation to, port and maritime systems are discussed.
A Virtual Conversation on the Impact of Geostatistics in
Petroleum, Production, and Reservoir Engineering
Authors: Coburn T. C. , Kelkar M. , Corbett P. W. M. , Oliver D. S. , Datta-Gupta A. , Jensen J. L. , White C. D.
Published: February 2020

Throughout the years, geostatistics has greatly influenced the broad spectrum of petroleum and earth sciences. In a directed conversation, five experts from respected university petroleum engineering departments discuss the impact of geostatistics on petroleum, production, and reservoir engineering and debate the current state of the art of geostatistical methodology in these disciplines.
An Application of the Truncated Pluri-gaussian Method for
Modeling Geology
Authors: Galli A. , Le Loc′h G. , Geffroy F. , Eschard R.
Published: February 2020

The truncated pluri-Gaussian approach is a powerful method for modeling geology. Its main strength is its flexibility in representing complex lateral and vertical facies transitions with different anisotropies. In addition, it is easy to condition simulations to data points. This makes it an excellent method for modeling reservoirs with a complex architecture, such as carbonate bioconstructions or reservoirs affected by diagenesis.

This chapter presents a method for obtaining a tractable and mathematically consistent model for lithotype semivariograms and cross-semivariograms in complex cases. The method is illustrated using an example involving algal bioconstructions in the outcrops of the Paradox basin (Utah). Complex facies transitions, both vertically and laterally between the mound and intermound facies, together with the complex geometry of the algal mounds, make it virtually impossible to simulate these sorts of deposits using object-based models or classical pixel-based methods. The truncated pluri-Gaussian model is introduced to handle these complex facies transitions using the concept of a lithotype rule.

Such a rule, when expressed diagrammatically, can be a valuable tool for synthesizing geological information, and it can serve as one of the key inputs into the stochastic model. As illustrated here, combining the rule with proportion curves is a very effective way for analyzing and modeling geology in terms of facies sequences, even in complex depositional environments.
Geostatistics
Authors: Cosentino L. , Pelgrain de Lestang A. , Gonzalez J. E.
Published: February 2020

Extensive geostatistical modeling of data from the Bachaquero fields (east coast of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela) has been conducted within the framework of a large-scale integrated study. These stochastic models have been used for several reservoir-management applications, where a fast and effective response is necessary to satisfy operational requirements. Such requirements include identification of infill drill locations, planning of horizontal well trajectories, and thermal-simulation studies for the optimization of cyclic steam injection projects. Because reservoir management applications commonly concern individual wells (small scale), a specific procedure has been established to extract and statistically analyze the geologic information from geostatistical models (large scale). The procedure has worked very effectively, with most of the operational requirements of corporate field exploitation units being addressed in the required timeframe. In fact, after almost 2 yr of fast-response applications in the Bachaquero fields, most of the operations currently performed by the exploitation unit are supported by geostatistical models. Recommendations based on such fast-response studies have been implemented, and in all cases, very good agreement between predictions and actual results has been observed.
Bibliographic Resources for Geostatistics, Spatial Analysis, and
Stochastic Modeling in Petroleum Exploration and Development
Authors: Coburn T. C.
Published: February 2020

The literature on geostatistics has rapidly expanded in the past decade because geostatistical techniques and methodologies have become more mainstream throughout the business, scientific, and engineering communities. The earth sciences continue to be a proving ground for many new geostatistical ideas and developments, building on knowledge and early notions developed throughout a period of 40 yr. The following bibliography contains approximately 1600 citations spanning the history of geostatistics that have a particular bearing on petroleum exploration and development, petroleum engineering and reservoir characterization, and the oil and gas aspects of geological investigation. The bibliography is organized into the seven general categories: case studies; methodological applications; theoretical developments; dissertations and theses; software, software applications, and user manuals; general-interest articles, discussions, and commentaries; and books, reviews of books, and course notes.
Structural Interpretation of Seismic Data
Authors: Sheriff Robert E.
Published: February 2020

Intended as a study book for practical structural interpretation of seismic data, this publication includes information on the relation of structural sections to seismic sections, migration to remedy geometric distortions, and the evidences of faulting of seismic lines.
Economic and Industrial Potential of Geologic Basins and Reservoir Strata
Authors: Galley John E.
Published: February 2020

One potential value of subsurface strata in geologic basins is the available space for storage or disposal of industrial waste liquids and solids. Disposal methods which are being developed include the injection of liquids into deep permeable formations, the storage of solids in caverns constructed in salt beds, and the incorporation of liquids in cement slurries which are injected into artificially produced fractures in shale and allowed to harden. Six of the papers in this volume describe geologic basins where such disposal methods might be used successfully.

Physical limitations on the use of these methods include restricted space capacities in reservoir strata, pressure limits, possibilities of escape through pressure-induced fractures, adverse hydrodynamic conditions, and possible plugging of rock pores by precipitates or other materials. These limitations, and the principles governing subsurface-disposal techniques, are discussed in the three papers following this introductory paper.
Subsurface Disposal of Liquid Industrial Wastes by Deep-Well Injection
Authors: Warner Don L.
Published: February 2020

Disposal of concentrated, unusable, relatively untreatable liquid wastes is an important problem in water-pollution control. Deep-well injection is one means for disposing of such wastes.

The feasibility of deep-well injection depends on site suitability, waste characteristics, economics, and legal considerations. Geologic factors determine site suitability and have an important influence on economics and the suitability of waste for injection. Thus, careful geologic evaluation is a prerequisite for deep-well waste injection.

There are at least 110 deep industrial-waste injection wells in the United States. A wide variety of wastes is injected through these wells under extremely varied conditions of flow rate and pressure, Subsurface reservoirs range in age from Pleistocene to Precambrian and, with afew exceptions, are composed of sandstone, limestone or dolomite.
Forearc Margin, Central Aleutian Ridge
Authors: Scholl David W. , McCarthy Jill , Ryan Holly
Published: February 2020

Seismic section L5-7 crosses the outer forearc of the central Aleutian Ridge south of Adak Island, roughly along 175°W longitude. In this region the direction of underthrusting of the Pacific plate beneath that of the ridge is approximately 30° northwest of a direction normal to the regional trend of the Aleutian Island arc and its paralleling trench. Geomorphically, the ridge includes two provinces: the cresting massif of the island arc and the more deeply submerged forearc region about 4 km deep (see idealized structural section, p. 12). The forearc comprises the broad platform of the Aleutian Terrace and the flanking landward slope of the adjacent Aleutian Trench.

The Aleutian Ridge is constructed of three principal rock sequences. The ridge's igneous basement—the arc massif—consists mainly of extrusive and intrusive masses and related coarse volcaniclastic rubble of Eocene age (Scholl et al., in press; Vallier et al., in press). These rocks constitute the ridge's lower series. Regional information implies that lower series rocks began to accumulate between 55 and 50 Ma (early to middle Eocene). Rapid magmatic growth of the massif waned between about 45 and 40 Ma, and by at least earliest Oligocene (37 Ma) the submerged flanks of the ridge began to be buried by a thickening blanket of volcaniclastic and pelagic deposits, sandy and silty strata that constitute the ridge's middle series. Middle series sediment continued to accumulate until roughly the end of the Miocene (5 to 6 Ma), when the structural basin of the Aleutian Terrace began to
The Middle America Trench
Authors: Collins Barclay P. , Watkins Joel S.
Published: February 2020

Seismic line MX-16 transects the Middle America Trench on the Pacific coast of Mexico. The bathymetric map reveals a narrow continental shelf, a steep trench slope, and an axial trench about 5 km below sea level. A large submarine canyon cuts the upper slope in the vicinity of line MX-16. This area was extensively drilled during Leg 66 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (Watkins et al., 1982).

Subduction in the area has been active intermittently during the last 100 m.y. (Karig et al., 1978). The convergence rate of the underthrusting Cocos plate relative to the overriding North American plate is inferred to be about 7 cm/yr (Minster and Jordan, 1978). Leg 66 drilling results suggest the continental margin in the area was truncated between 10 and 35 m.y.B.P., perhaps by transcurrent faulting or subduction erosion (Moore et al., 1982). A small accreted wedge subsequently developed by sediment underplating and offscraping (Moore et al., 1982). No forearc basin such as those seen on many trench slopes is evident on seismic line MX-16.
Costa Rica Continental Margin
Authors: Shipley Thomas H. , Buffler Richard T.
Published: February 2020

The seismic section across the Pacific margin of Central America off Costa Rica provides a structural cross section of the southern terminus of the Middle America trench. The section begins less than 10 km from the shoreline of the Nicoya Peninsula and extends for 70 km across the trench slope and trench, and into the ocean basin. Regionally, the trench shallows toward the southeast because of a large sea-floor rise, the Cocos Ridge, at the southern boundary of the Middle America trench. The Cocos and Caribbean plates are converging at about 9 cm/yr nearly normal to the margin (McNally and Minster, 1981), with earthquake activity defining a subduction zone dipping to the northeast (Burbach et al., 1984). Old oceanic crust is exposed on the Nicoya Peninsula in the form of Late Jurassic and Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The structural relationships within these rocks have been reported by a number of different investigators, but their exact origin remains unresolved (Dengo, 1962; Schmidt-Effing, 1979; Lundberg, 1982). The presently subducting ocean floor is of early Miocene age (Hey, 1977).
Social Connections Among Siblings With and Without Intellectual Disability or Autism
Authors: Travers Hilary E. , Carlton Mary Elizabeth , Carter Erik W.
Published: February 2020

Although the significance of sibling relationships is widely affirmed, little is known about these relationships in young adulthood. In this study, we examined the experiences and perspectives of 155 siblings (ages 18–30) of individuals with intellectual disability or autism. Our focus was on how young adults spend time with their brother or sister with a disability, the ways in which they view their relationship, and the expectations they hold for the future. We found that most siblings spent time together engaging in a wide range of activities, described their relationships as of high quality, and held varied expectations regarding their brother's or sister's future. Several factors were associated with more time spent together and higher quality relationships. We address implications for practice and suggest future directions for research.
Giant circular dichroism induced by a tunable metamirror with Dirac semimetal
Authors: He Guoli , Shang Xiongjun , Yue Jing , Zhai Xiang , Xia Shengxuan , Li Hongjian , Wang Lingling
Published: February 2020

Circular dichroism (CD) is widely applied in chemistry and biology, because chiral molecules can be detected and distinguished by analyzing the value of CD in the terahertz (THz) spectrum, which covers the characteristic spectrum of semiconductors, plasmas, and biomolecules. However, traditional metal metastructures cannot tune the wavelength of CD peaks continuously without changing the geometric parameters, which limits its practical application. In this paper, a three-layer tunable metastructure is proposed with giant CD in the THz spectrum. This structure consists of a gold substrate and two different bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) bars. Its CD value up to 0.969 can be obtained by simulation. By adjusting the Fermi energy of BDS, the wavelength of CD peaks is tunable in the range of 12 µm without a change in geometric parameters. Furthermore, a theoretical analysis is used to explain the blueshift of the CD peaks while Fermi energy is increased. Moreover, the effect of some structural changes on CD values has also been studied. This work can pave the way to designing a CD detector or related device in the THz spectrum.
Inverse design of nanoparticles for enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Christiansen Rasmus E. , Michon Jérôme , Benzaouia Mohammed , Sigmund Ole , Johnson Steven G.
Published: February 2020

We show that topology optimization (TO) of metallic resonators can lead to ∼102 × improvement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) efficiency compared to traditional resonant structures such as bowtie antennas. TO inverse design leads to surprising structures very different from conventional designs, which simultaneously optimize focusing of the incident wave and emission from the Raman dipole. We consider isolated metallic particles as well as more complicated configurations such as periodic surfaces or resonators coupled to dielectric waveguides, and the benefits of TO are even greater in the latter case. Our results are motivated by recent rigorous upper bounds to Raman scattering enhancement, and shed light on the extent to which these bounds are achievable.
Quantum noise extraction from the interference of laser pulses in an optical quantum random number generator
Authors: Shakhovoy Roman , Sych Denis , Sharoglazova Violetta , Udaltsov Alexander , Fedorov Aleksey , Kurochkin Yury
Published: February 2020

We propose a method for quantum noise extraction from the interference of laser pulses with random phase. Our technique is based on the calculation of a parameter, which we called the quantum reduction factor, and which allows for the determination of the contributions of quantum and classical noises with the assumption that classical fluctuations exhibit Gaussian distribution. To the best of our knowledge, the concept of quantum reduction factor is introduced for the first time. We use such an approach to implement the post-processing-free optical quantum random number generator with the random bit generation rate of 2 Gbps.
Study of optical properties of graphene flakes and its derivatives in aqueous solutions
Authors: Ojrzynska Milena , Wroblewska Anna , Judek Jaroslaw , Malolepszy Artur , Duzynska Anna , Zdrojek Mariusz
Published: February 2020

In this work, we study optical spectroscopy of graphene flakes and its derivatives such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in the same surfactant-free aqueous solution. We show that transmittance (T) and absorbance (A) spectra of different graphene suspension is nearly feature-less as a function of wavelength (λ) in the VIS-NIR range (350-1000 nm) except graphene oxide solution and the smallest graphene flakes, and they change linearly with concentration. The optical absorption coefficient (at 660 nm) of pure graphene solution seems to be flake-size dependent, changing from ∼730 mL·mg−1m−1 (for ∼25 µm flake size) to ∼4400 mL·mg−1m−1 (for ∼2 µm flake size), and it is several times higher than in the case of graphene oxide, which also varies with type and level of doping/defects (checked by FTIR and statistical Raman spectroscopy). Finally, we show wavelength-dependent evolution of optical absorption coefficient in the VIS-NIR range, which is roughly mimicking the A(λ) function but is strongly material-dependent. Our study could be useful for application of graphene solution in optofluidic devices, functional inks or printed flexible optoelectronics.
Routing of strongly confined terahertz spoof surface plasmon polaritons on metasurfaces along straight and curved pathways with subwavelength width
Authors: Becker Sven , Fip Tassilo , Rahm Marco
Published: February 2020

In search of new technologies for optimizing the performance and space requirements of electronic and optical micro-circuits, the concept of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) has come to the fore of research in recent years. Due to the ability of SSPPs to confine and guide the energy of electromagnetic waves in a subwavelength space below the diffraction limit, SSPPs deliver all the tools to implement integrated circuits with a high integration rate. However, in order to guide SSPPs in the terahertz frequency range, it is necessary to carefully design metasurfaces that allow one to manipulate the spatio-temporal and spectral properties of the SSPPs at will. Here, we propose a specifically designed cut-wire metasurface that sustains strongly confined SSPP modes at terahertz frequencies. As we show by numerical simulations and also prove in experimental measurements, the proposed metasurface can tightly guide SSPPs on straight and curved pathways while maintaining their subwavelength field confinement perpendicular to the surface. Furthermore, we investigate the dependence of the spatio-temporal and spectral properties of the SSPP modes on the width of the metasurface lanes that can be composed of one, two or three cut-wires in the transverse direction. Our investigations deliver new insights into downsizing effects of guiding structures for SSPPs.