bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory tests of a prototype carbon dioxide ground-source air conditioner
Authors: Skye Harrison , Wu Wei
Published: April 2021

Environmental concerns are driving regulations to reduce the use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with high global warming potential (GWP) as refrigerants in heat pumps. CO2 is an attractive alternative refrigerant because is it 'environmentally friendly' in terms of 'direct' emissions, with GWP = 1, and no ozone depletion potential (ODP). However, CO2 heat pumps generally have a lower efficiency than HFC-based systems, and therefore have higher 'indirect' emissions, related to generating the electricity that powers them. The indirect emissions dwarf the direct emissions for most heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration applications, so it is critical for the equipment to operate with high efficiency. CO2 air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) provide cooling with particularly low efficiency at high ambient temperatures where the CO2 operates in a transcritical cycle. Using CO2 in a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) offers the potential to overcome the low efficiency since a GSHP operates with lower heat-rejection temperature (for cooling), enabling the system to operate some of the time in a more-efficient subcritical cycle. This report details the laboratory tests of a prototype residential liquid-to-air ground-source air conditioner (GSAC) using CO2 as the refrigerant. The tests were performed in an environmental chamber and followed the ISO 13256-1 standard for rating GSHPs. The CO2 GSAC operated either in a subcritical or a transcritical cycle, depending on the entering liquid temperature (ELT). The test results included the coefficient of performance (COP), capacity, sensible heat ratio (SHR), and pressures. The system incorporated a liquid-line/suction-line heat exchanger (LLSL-HX), which was estimated to cause a COP penalty of (0 to 2) % for ELTs ranging (10 to 25) C, and benefit of (0 to 5) % for ELTs ranging (30 to 39) C. The CO2 system was compared to a 'low-cost', commercially-available R410A-based GSHP. With ELTs ranging (10 to 39) C the CO2 system cooling COP ranged (7.3 to 2.4), whereas the R410A system values ranged (6.1 to 3.2). At the 'standard' rating condition (ELT 25 C), the CO2 GSAC cooling COP was 4.14 and the R410A GSHP COP was 4.57. At 'part-load' conditions (ELT 20 C) both systems had a COP of ?4.92. Further effort is needed to increase the CO2 system efficiency at ELTs greater than 20 C, since it underperformed the R410A system in that temperature range.
ÉTHIQUE DE LA FICTION
Authors: Bérard Cassie , Lafontaine Marie-Pier
Published: April 2021

Cet article réfléchit, grâce à une analyse du traitement narratif de la violence
envers les femmes dans le recueil Madame Victoria de Catherine Leroux et le récit
Un livre sur Mélanie Cabay de François Blais, à la part de responsabilité des
créatrices et créateurs quant à la question éthique et politique, et plus particulièrement à
la manière dont cette part est envisagée sur un mode fictionnel. Nous y constatons que la
responsabilité de la création implique une véritable prise en charge démocratique de la
dimension judiciaire — sous forme d’enquête personnelle — pour interroger la force des
autorités ainsi que leur défaite. Cette prise en charge implique une ambiguïsation de la
narration, vers une contestation de l’autorité, et donne lieu à une éthique de la
fiction.
LES ESTHÉTIQUES DÉMOCRATIQUES EN QUESTION
Authors: Nadon Rachel
Published: April 2021

Partant du constat, dans le discours critique, d’une « absence » de roman à propos
de la réalité économique, je fais l’hypothèse que ce type de roman, s’il constitue
historiquement une « littérature du cliché », se modifie avec la publication d’un certain
nombre de récits au tournant de la décennie 2010. J’explore dans un premier temps les
différentes dénominations de ce « genre » de roman à partir des résultats de recherches dans
les revues et les journaux numérisés de BAnQ. Je suggère que le « roman social » est une
catégorie opérante bien que non dominante pour accueillir, selon la formule de Nelly Wolf,
les « esthétiques démocratiques ». Dans un deuxième temps, je propose une analyse
sociocritique de deux « romans sociaux » : La mémoire du papier de Nicolas Tremblay
(2016) et Querelle de Roberval de Kevin Lambert (2018). En analysant les
représentations du travail et de la mémoire ouvrière que proposent ces romans, je montre
qu’ils investissent le stéréotype lié au « roman social » tout en le renouvelant, l’un par
le genre fantastique, l’autre par une représentation dialectique de la sexualité
homosexuelle.
Okot p’Bitek : de la révolution poétique à la révolution culturelle
Authors: Journo Aurélie
Published: April 2021

Prenant comme point de départ le contexte de publication du double poème d’Okot p’Bitek, Song of Lawino (1966) et Song of Ocol (1967), et sa réception, cet article s’intéresse à la genèse du poème et à la position particulière qu’occupe alors Okot dans l’espace littéraire anglophone est-africain. Il s’agit de présenter la façon dont le travail de traduction de l’acholi à l’anglais entrepris par Okot modifie la forme même du poème, et ainsi de mettre en lumière la manière dont les influences et transferts – entre langues et entre littérature et anthropologie – permettent de déconstruire le label d’« authenticité » appliqué au poème lors de sa réception. Enfin, il s’agit de mesurer le rôle que joua le poème dans la déconstruction du sujet-écrivain africain construit par l’institution universitaire notamment, et de revenir sur la révolution culturelle prônée par Okot.
Du méta-sens des règles stylistiques d’un genre poétique : l’exemple des Peuls du Massina au Mali
Authors: Seydou Christiane
Published: April 2021

Les Peuls, population de pasteurs, nomades à l’origine, se sont répandus dans toute la zone sahélienne, en Afrique. Au Mali, dans la région du Massina, « nombril » du monde peul, sont pratiqués plusieurs genres poétiques dont les deux plus importants – parce que correspondant aux deux principaux lieux d’ancrage identitaire (l’élevage de bovins et l’islam) – sont les jammooje na’i, les « louanges aux bovins » et une poésie d’inspiration religieuse et mystique. Si cette dernière obéit aux règles strictes d’une mise en forme fixe empruntée à la poésie arabe classique (métrique, rime, scansion), celle des jeunes bergers obéit à un autre type de règles stylistiques tout aussi contraignantes, mais reposant sur des critères liés, eux, à la signification socioculturelle foncière que revêt la performance publique de leur création poétique lors des fêtes de transhumance.
Le « verset des fleuves » de Léopold Sédar Senghor : héritage culturel ou négation d’une forme poétique occidentale ?
Authors: Sow Alioune
Published: April 2021

« J’ai choisi le verset des fleuves, des vents et des forêts / L’assonance des plaines et des rivières, choisi le rythme / de sang de mon corps dépouillé / Choisi la trémulsion des balafongs et l’accord des cordes et des cuivres […] choisi / le swing le swing oui le swing ! » C’est en ces termes que le poète sénégalais signe l’originalité de sa poétique qui, malgré l’influence qu’il a reçue de la forme fixe baudelairienne comme du verset claudélien et persien, s’inspire considérablement de l’oralité africaine. Il s’agira de montrer qu’au moyen de cette réadaptation du verset « blanc », le poète signe sa revanche devant l’histoire où « le noir était considéré comme l’enfant sombre du péché, le descendant maudit de Cham, l’incarnation de l’ange déchu » (Jacques Rabemananjara). Cet article vise également à montrer comment la libération de ces contraintes esthétiques contribue à formuler une nouvelle poétique chez le poète de la Négritude.
Trouble(s) de l’identité : Countee Cullen et le choix des formes poétiques dans la Renaissance de Harlem
Authors: Sylvanise Frédéric
Published: April 2021

La poésie de Countee Cullen (1903-1946) – le poète le plus conservateur de la Renaissance de Harlem – révèle constamment un écart entre une préoccupation militante pour la « cause noire » et un usage revendiqué des formes et du langage poétiques britanniques du xixe siècle. Même s’il se préoccupe du sort de « son » peuple, Cullen refuse d’être considéré comme un poète « noir » et choisit un idiome et des cadres formels très éloignés de ceux qui sont défendus par les partisans d’une nationalisation de la culture américaine à la même époque. Il n’y a donc aucune revendication identitaire chez lui et dès lors aucune revendication d’une forme afro-américaine en tant que telle, même si ses préoccupations sont essentiellement raciales. Ce paradoxe l’a éloigné de la majorité des lecteurs noirs.
Raconter une épidémie : Ébola dans les romans de Véronique Tadjo et de Paule Constant
Authors: Cassinadri Francesca
Published: April 2021

Dans leurs dernières publications, Véronique Tadjo et Paule Constant racontent une réalité épidémique en recourant à une esthétique qui renvoie à la tradition orale et aux contes. Bien que la matière et le style soient apparemment les mêmes, les narrations livrées présentent de nombreuses différences, toutes en lien avec les productions antérieures des deux écrivaines.
« Avoir l’État au ventre » : littérature et énonciation à partir de Machin la Hernie
Authors: Courret  Loreline
Published: April 2021

Cet article propose une lecture du roman Machin la Hernie de Sony Labou Tansi à partir du concept de « littérature mineure » proposé par Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari dans Kafka : pour une littérature mineure. L’enjeu est de dégager une description clinique de la corporalité postcoloniale à partir des procédés énonciatifs du texte. L’étude du texte ainsi que de sa performance énonciative s’attache aussi à préciser les enjeux anthropologiques de l’écriture et à tracer une figure tératologique d’un chef qui aurait « l’État au ventre ».
Terre promise ? Terre maudite ? Le mythe de l’exode et la quête d’une (post)mémoire transatlantique dans La Saison de l’ombre de Léonora Miano
Authors: Mouzet Aurélia
Published: April 2021

Cet article analyse la réécriture du mythe de l’exode dans La Saison de l’ombre de Léonora Miano, qui interroge la présence / absence d’une mémoire de la traite et de l’esclavage au sein des imaginaires subsahariens. Les Mulongo sont comparés aux Israélites, et les figures de Moïse et de la reine Pokou informent la caractérisation des personnages féminins d’Emene et d’Eyabe. Ce dialogue entre les mythes bibliques et africains permet de forger une (post)mémoire de la traite, qui semble confirmer le potentiel thérapeutique du mythe. À la triade exodique : terre, mémoire, culture, l’autrice ajoute l’Atlantique, et érige ainsi La Saison de l’ombre en lieu de (post)mémoire transatlantique. Nouveau Moïse, l’ethos du roman guide symboliquement les imaginaires subsahariens vers la terre promise que constitue la mémoire de la résistance africaine face à la traite et à l’esclavage.
Touriste et flâneur : deux regards sur l’Irak dans Le Tour de Babylone de Barlen Pyamootoo
Authors: Stafford Andrew
Published: April 2021

Cet article propose une analyse du deuxième roman de l’auteur mauricien Barlen Pyamootoo, Le Tour de Babylone, qui examine comment une voix narrative double projette deux visions disparates de la ville de Bagdad. D’une part, Bagdad devient un lieu de visite qui attire l’attention du voyageur occidental ; mais, d’autre part, le protagoniste résiste à ce regard touristique et explore la ville avec une sensibilité qui se rapproche de celle du flâneur baudelairien. Notre interprétation de cette oeuvre met au jour le pouvoir de l’imaginaire du flâneur transnational qui permet au héros, tout comme à son auteur, de superposer le lieu de son enfance africain à cette terre étrangère.
“I’d give anything to come home”
Authors: Kechnie Margaret
Published: April 2021

The story of Canadian women’s involvement in the First World War is gradually emerging, little attention has been paid to the contribution of women who worked in rural Ontario during the war. This paper will deal with a little-known group of undergraduate women from the University of Toronto who supported the Canadian war effort by responding to a call for agricultural workers, particularly fruit harvesters. These workers became popularly known as “farmerettes.”
Enemy Alien Internment in Ontario’s Northland
Authors: Kordan Bohdan S.
Published: April 2021

Some 1,400 destitute aliens of enemy origin were put to work as prisoners of war (POWs) at Kapuskasing during the Great War, carving out of Ontario’s northland an experimental farm colony. Internment, which made this possible, however, highlighted the contradiction in their status as POWs. They were civilians after all. This contradiction helped create the conditions that exposed them to intemperate behaviour. Thus made vulnerable, the internees at Kapuskasing were compelled to work. Still others, considered “undesirable,” were held until deported at war’s end. Used and abused, unwelcomed and unwanted, their predicament reflected the general circumstances of internment, but also the unique role that Kapuskasing would play in Canada’s first national internment operations.
Re-Connecting with a Historical Site
Authors: Sandberg L. Anders , Johnson Jon , Gualtieri Rene , Lesage Louis
Published: April 2021

The ‘Parsons site,’ a large Huron-Wendat village site near York University’s Keele campus located by archaeologists in the early 1950s, has been subject to a variety of investigations and development proposals which have mobilized certain narratives about the site and its inhabitants. This article provides an analysis of how these narratives represent the site, its inhabitants, and contemporary Huron-Wendat. It problematizes narratives that describe the site as an archaeological resource and situate Huron-Wendat presence in the past. Although these narratives have shifted to acknowledge ongoing Huron-Wendat presence, more collaboration with contemporary Huron-Wendat communities regarding this and other sites is needed.
L’apport d’une communauté de pratique au développement professionnel de superviseurs de stage en enseignement
Authors: Roy Anne , Portelance Liliane , Dufresne Monique , Simard Anthony
Published: April 2021

Lors de la coévaluation des apprentissages des stagiaires avec l’enseignant associé, plusieurs superviseurs de stage en enseignement éprouvent un malaise par rapport à leur rôle, leurs actions et leur posture. Pour certains, ce malaise serait dû à un manque de formation continue empêchant leur développement professionnel. Par la création d’une communauté de pratique, nous avons accompagné la réflexion et l’analyse des pratiques de supervision de stage qui se déroulent au sein de triades, composées du stagiaire, de l’enseignant associé et du superviseur. Notre objectif était d’étudier les apports de cette communauté à leurs pratiques. Dans cet article, nous présentons d’abord la problématique. Nous exposons ensuite le cadre conceptuel composé du rôle du superviseur, des enjeux de la triade, du développement professionnel et de la communauté de pratique. La démarche méthodologique est ensuite explicitée suivie des données collectées au moyen d’entretiens individuels semi-dirigés avec les superviseurs de la communauté de pratique. Les résultats de la pratique déclarée mettent en lumière les apports de la communauté de pratique au développement professionnel de ses membres.
Atelier « La diversité corporelle : j’ai un rôle à jouer » pour les intervenants qui travaillent auprès des enfants et des jeunes
Authors: Chamberland Karine , Gingras Peggie , Jean Anick
Published: April 2021

La Mobilisation régionale et locale sur les saines habitudes de vie, le poids et la santé de la Capitale-Nationale est une table intersectorielle composée de différents organismes. Un comité de la Mobilisation a eu le mandat de définir et de diffuser des messages clés cohérents sur la diversité corporelle. Ce comité a mis sur pied un atelier de réflexion intitulé « La diversité corporelle : j’ai un rôle à jouer ». Il s’adresse aux intervenants qui travaillent auprès des jeunes dans divers milieux, dont les camps de jour et les maisons des jeunes et de la petite enfance, en les amenant à réfléchir sur la manière personnelle dont ils vivent cette thématique et leur rôle de modèle auprès des jeunes. Cet atelier se veut polyvalent et est adaptable à la réalité des différents milieux. Il a été conçu pour être animé et vécu entre les intervenants du milieu, de sorte que, ces mêmes intervenants soient en mesure d’animer entre eux l’activité de façon autonome. Il a pour objectif de les sensibiliser à leur rôle de modèle pour :

Tous les outils « La diversité corporelle : j’ai un rôle à jouer » sont disponibles en PDF sur les sites internet suivants :
A peculiar fusuline assemblage from the Tanes locality, Campo de Caso section (Pennsylvanian, Upper Moscovian; Cantabrian Zone, Spain)
Authors: Villa Elisa , Ueno Katsumi , Merino-Tomé Oscar , Martín-Llaneza Jaime
Published: April 2021

The Campo de Caso section (eastern part of the Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain) exposes a middle to upper Moscovian (Middle Pennsylvanian) succession, up to 3500-m thick, consisting of marine shelfal and deltaic siliciclastic and shale deposits with numerous intercalated fossiliferous limestones. A limestone outcropping in the upper part of this section, close to the village of Tanes, has yielded a fusuline assemblage composed of species of the genera Eostaffella, Pseudonovella, Ozawainella, Pseudostaffella, Neostaffella, Schubertella, Fusiella, Taitzehoella, Fusulinella, Beedeinaand Putrella. The specific composition of these genera, considered as a whole, indicates an early to mid- Myachkovian age; however, some of the taxa exhibit rare aspects, among which are the occurrence of pseudostaffellids having a “primitive” appearance recalling that of the Bashkirian Pseudostaffella, and a Putrella species exhibiting a wall that, at first glance, resembles the schwagerinid wall. Data gathered during this study question the validity of the genus Quasistaffella Solovieva 1986 and point to consider it as a junior synonymous of Pseudostaffella Thompson 1942.
Gamma rhythms and visual information in mouse V1 specifically modulated by somatostatin+ neurons in reticular thalamus
Authors: Hoseini Mahmood S , Higashikubo Bryan , Cho Frances S , Chang Andrew H , Clemente-Perez Alexandra , Lew Irene , Ciesielska Agnieszka , Stryker Michael P , Paz Jeanne T
Published: April 2021

Visual perception in natural environments depends on the ability to focus on salient stimuli while ignoring distractions. This kind of selective visual attention is associated with gamma activity in the visual cortex. While the nucleus reticularis thalami (nRT) has been implicated in selective attention, its role in modulating gamma activity in the visual cortex remains unknown. Here, we show that somatostatin- (SST) but not parvalbumin-expressing (PV) neurons in the visual sector of the nRT preferentially project to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), and modulate visual information transmission and gamma activity in primary visual cortex (V1). These findings pinpoint the SST neurons in nRT as powerful modulators of the visual information encoding accuracy in V1 and represent a novel circuit through which the nRT can influence representation of visual information.
Robo recruitment of the Wave regulatory complex plays an essential and conserved role in midline repulsion
Authors: Chaudhari Karina , Gorla Madhavi , Chang Chao , Kania Artur , Bashaw Greg J
Published: April 2021

The Roundabout (Robo) guidance receptor family induces axon repulsion in response to its ligand Slit by inducing local cytoskeletal changes; however, the link to the cytoskeleton and the nature of these cytoskeletal changes are poorly understood. Here, we show that the heteropentameric Scar/Wave Regulatory Complex (WRC), which drives Arp2/3-induced branched actin polymerization, is a direct effector of Robo signaling. Biochemical evidence shows that Slit triggers WRC recruitment to the Robo receptor’s WRC-interacting receptor sequence (WIRS) motif. In Drosophila embryos, mutants of the WRC enhance Robo1-dependent midline crossing defects. Additionally, mutating Robo1’s WIRS motif significantly reduces receptor activity in rescue assays in vivo, and CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis shows that the WIRS motif is essential for endogenous Robo1 function. Finally, axon guidance assays in mouse dorsal spinal commissural axons and gain-of-function experiments in chick embryos demonstrate that the WIRS motif is also required for Robo1 repulsion in mammals. Together, our data support an essential conserved role for the WIRS-WRC interaction in Robo1-mediated axon repulsion.
Morphological and genomic shifts in mole-rat ‘queens’ increase fecundity but reduce skeletal integrity
Authors: Johnston Rachel A , Vullioud Philippe , Thorley Jack , Kirveslahti Henry , Shen Leyao , Mukherjee Sayan , Karner Courtney M , Clutton-Brock Tim , Tung Jenny
Published: April 2021

In some mammals and many social insects, highly cooperative societies are characterized by reproductive division of labor, in which breeders and nonbreeders become behaviorally and morphologically distinct. While differences in behavior and growth between breeders and nonbreeders have been extensively described, little is known of their molecular underpinnings. Here, we investigate the consequences of breeding for skeletal morphology and gene regulation in highly cooperative Damaraland mole-rats. By experimentally assigning breeding ‘queen’ status versus nonbreeder status to age-matched littermates, we confirm that queens experience vertebral growth that likely confers advantages to fecundity. However, they also upregulate bone resorption pathways and show reductions in femoral mass, which predicts increased vulnerability to fracture. Together, our results show that, as in eusocial insects, reproductive division of labor in mole-rats leads to gene regulatory rewiring and extensive morphological plasticity. However, in mole-rats, concentrated reproduction is also accompanied by costs to bone strength.
Sexual dimorphism in mud crabs: a tale of three sympatricScyllaspecies
Authors: Fazhan Hanafiah , Waiho Khor , Fujaya Yushinta , Rukminasari Nita , Ma Hongyu , Ikhwanuddin Mhd
Published: April 2021

Sexual dimorphism is a common phenomenon in the animal kingdom. To test the consistency of sexual dimorphism patterns among sympatric species of the same genus, ten morphometric characteristics of mud crabsScylla olivacea,S. tranquebaricaandS. paramamosainwere measured and compared using Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). The descriptive analysis revealed that in all three species, body size dimensions and cheliped dimensions were significantly larger in males whereas the abdomen width was female-biased. Also, we described a morphological variation (carapace width, CW ≤ CW at spine 8, 8CW) that is unique toS. olivacea. Discriminant function analysis revealed that all nine morphometric characteristics were sexually dimorphic inS. olivacea, S. tranquebarica(except right cheliped’s merus length, ML) andS. paramamosain(except 8CW). The obtained discriminant functions based on the morphometric ratios (with CW as divisor) correctly classified 100% of adults of known sex of all three species. Further, based on the selected body traits, DFA was able to almost completely distinguish males (94%), but not females (74%), among the threeScyllaspecies. This study highlights that congeneric species of portunids (e.g.,Scyllaspp.) show similar sexually dimorphic characteristics (body size and secondary sexual characteristics).
scAnt—an open-source platform for the creation of 3D models of arthropods (and other small objects)
Authors: Plum Fabian , Labonte David
Published: April 2021

We present scAnt, an open-source platform for the creation of digital 3D models of arthropods and small objects. scAnt consists of a scanner and a Graphical User Interface, and enables the automated generation of Extended Depth Of Field images from multiple perspectives. These images are then masked with a novel automatic routine which combines random forest-based edge-detection, adaptive thresholding and connected component labelling. The masked images can then be processed further with a photogrammetry software package of choice, including open-source options such as Meshroom, to create high-quality, textured 3D models. We demonstrate how these 3D models can be rigged to enable realistic digital specimen posing, and introduce a novel simple yet effective method to include semi-realistic representations of approximately planar and transparent structures such as wings. As a result of the exclusive reliance on generic hardware components, rapid prototyping and open-source software, scAnt costs only a fraction of available comparable systems. The resulting accessibility of scAnt will (i) drive the development of novel and powerful methods for machine learning-driven behavioural studies, leveraging synthetic data; (ii) increase accuracy in comparative morphometric studies as well as extend the available parameter space with area and volume measurements; (iii) inspire novel forms of outreach; and (iv) aid in the digitisation efforts currently underway in several major natural history collections.
Effects of vegetation cover and slope on soil erosion in the Eastern Chinese Loess Plateau under different rainfall regimes
Authors: Sun Congjian , Hou Huixin , Chen Wei
Published: April 2021

Soil erosion is a critical environmental problem of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). The effects of vegetation cover on soil erosion reduction under different rainfall types are not well understood especially in the eastern Chinese Loess Plateau (ECLP). In this study, we monitored runoff and sediment yield at the Fengjiagou water and soil conservation station with five types of vegetation cover (arbor trees (ARC), shrubs (SHC), arable (ABC), natural vegetation (NVC), and artificial grass (APC)) and three slope gradients (10°, 15°, and 20°) in the ECLP. Based on long-term monitoring data, five rainfall types were classified by the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity (I30). We also quantitatively revealed the interactive effects of different types precipitation, vegetation cover and slope gradients on regional soil erosion. The results showed that (1) The RII (13 times) and RIII (eight times) type are the most threatening erosive rainfall in this region. (2) The ARC and SHC type were most beneficial for soil and water conservation in the ECLP; The APC and ABC are not conductive to the prevention of regional soil erosion. (3) Runoff and sediment yields increased with the slope gradient. The farmland is vulnerable to soil erosion when the slope gradient exceeds 10°. The results of this study can improve the understanding of regional soil erosion processes on the ECLP and provide useful information for managing regional water and land resources.
Gestão organizacional para o clero católico: investigação em uma Diocese do estado do Paraná
Authors: Moura Cassiana da Silva Borges Mariano , Sanches-Canevesi Fernanda Cristina , Schmidt Carla Maria , Cielo Ivanete Daga
Published: April 2021

Assim como as demais organizações, a Igreja Católica possui estrutura, formação e administração organizadas. Entretanto, apesar da educação formal rigorosa existente durante o processo de formação sacerdotal, surge uma reflexão quanto a necessidade de inclusão de conhecimentos de base administrativa, tendo em vista que quando são ordenados padres, muitos deles necessitam atuar na gestão das comunidades e na igreja como um todo. Nesse sentido, esse estudo pauta-se na seguinte problemática: de que forma a Igreja Católica pode incluir conhecimentos de gestão administrativa na formação sacerdotal? Qual a contribuição dessa inclusão? No intuito de responder a estas questões, esse artigo apresenta os seguintes objetivos: a) compreender o processo de formação sacerdotal na igreja católica em uma Diocese do estado do Paraná; b) investigar a percepção de sacerdotes e de um seminarista acerca da necessidade de uma formação administrativa; c) identificar como a igreja católica pode incluir conhecimentos de gestão administrativa na formação sacerdotal. Para tanto, utilizou-se de abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, buscando conhecer a realidade formativa de seminaristas e presbíteros da Diocese em estudo, localizada no estado do Paraná, caracterizando-se como um estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados por observação participante, entrevista e aplicação de questionários e analisados por meio de análise descritiva e de conteúdo. Os principais resultados apontam para a existência de possível lacuna formativa no que concerne a área de gestão de organizações, o que poderia ser amenizado com a oferta de cursos de aperfeiçoamento após o processo de educação formal dos seminaristas ou padres.
Role of HRCT Chest and Artificial Intelligence in Evaluation of COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Study
Authors: Panda Sangram , Sen Kamal Kumar , Kanyari Suneeti S , Mohanty Sudhansu Sekhar , Kumar G Manoj , Kuniyil Jagadeesh , Goyal Mayank , Aavula Adarsh
Published: April 2021

Introduction: An early diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is of utmost importance, so that patients can be isolated and treated in time, eventually preventing spread of the disease, improving the prognosis and reducing the mortality. High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) chest imaging and Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven analysis of HRCT chest images can play a vital role in management of COVID-19 patients. Aim: To explore the various HRCT chest findings in different phases of COVID-19 pneumonia and to assess the potential role of AI in quantitative assessment of lung parenchymal involvement in COVID-19 pneumonia. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective observational study which was conducted between 1st May 2020 to 13th August 2020. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) positive 2169 COVID-19 patients who underwent HRCT chest were included in the study. Presence and distribution of lesions like: Ground Glass Opacity (GGO), consolidation and any specific patterns like septal thickening, reverse halo, sign, etc., were noted in the HRCT images. HRCT chest findings in different phases of disease (Early: <5 days, Intermediate: 6-10 days and Late phase: >10 days) were assessed. CT Severity Score (CTSS) was calculated based on the extent of lung involvement on HRCT, which was then correlated with the clinical severity of the disease. Artificial Intelligence powered “CT Pneumonia analysis” algorithm was used to quantify the extent of involvement of lungs by calculating Percentage of Opacity (PO) and Percentage of High Opacity (PHO) in lungs. Tests of statistical significance, like Chi-square, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Post-hoc tests were applied depending on the type of variables, wherever applicable. Results: Radiological findings were seen in HRCT chest of 1438 patients. Typical pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia, i.e., bilateral, peripherally located GGO with or without consolidation was seen in 846 patients. About 294 asymptomatic patients were found to be radiologically positive. HRCT chest in the early phase of disease mostly showed GGO. Features like increased reticulation, predominance of consolidation, presence of fibrous stripes indicated late phase. About 91.3% of cases having CTSS ≤7 were asymptomatic or clinically mild whereas, 81.2% cases having score ≥15 were clinically severe. The mean PO and PHO (30.1±28.0 and 8.4±10.4, respectively) were remarkably higher in clinically severe category. Conclusion: Progression of COVID-19 pneumonia is rapid, so radiologists and clinicians need to get familiarised with the typical CT chest findings, hence patients can be treated on time, eventually improving the prognosis and reducing the mortality. Artificial Intelligence has the potential to be a valuable tool in management of COVID-19 patients.
Resection for a Recurrent Mucus-Producing Cholangiocarcinoma After Surgery: a Case Report
Authors: Yamada Isamu , Ajiki Tetsuo , Onoyama Hirohiko , Ishikawa Michiko , Kotani Joji , Ku Yonson
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a variant of bile duct carcinoma characterized by intraductal growth. There are few case reports and papers discussing treatment policy and prognosis for cases of postoperative relapse.

Case Presentation

The case subject was a female in her 40s. Due to IPNB with the primary tumor in hepatic left lobe, the patient underwent hepatic left lobe, caudate lobe, and bile duct resection, and biliary tract reconstruction at another institution. Four years later, near the cholangiojejunostomy, a localized recurrence was indicated. Though systemic metastasis was examined with CT, FDG-PET, distant metastasis was not confirmed. As it was believed that resection of the recurrent focal could lead to a long-term survival, the recurrent focal was resected. The resected specimen was a cystic mass with a film, and in a pathologic examination, lymph node tissue was not confirmed in the specimen, while intracystic papilloma of attached liver tissue without continuity was confirmed. The patient has not seen a relapse for 5 years and 5 months after the second surgery.

Conclusion

In a case of localized recurrence after the IPNB surgery, resection should be actively considered.
Human SND2 mediates ER targeting of GPI‐anchored proteins with low hydrophobic GPI attachment signals
Authors: Yang Jing , Hirata Tetsuya , Liu Yi‐Shi , Guo Xin‐Yu , Gao Xiao‐Dong , Kinoshita Taroh , Fujita Morihisa
Published: April 2021

Over 100 glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored proteins (GPI‐APs) are encoded in the mammalian genome. It is not well understood how these proteins are targeted and translocated to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we reveal that many GPI‐APs, such as CD59, CD55, and CD109, utilize human SND2 (hSND2)‐dependent ER targeting machinery. We also found that signal recognition particle receptors seem to cooperate with hSND2 to target GPI‐APs to the ER. Both the N‐terminal signal sequence and C‐terminal GPI attachment signal of GPI‐APs contribute to ER targeting via the hSND2‐dependent pathway. Particularly, the hydrophobicity of the C‐terminal GPI attachment signal acts as the determinant of hSND2 dependency. Our results explain the route and mechanism of the ER targeting of GPI‐APs in mammalian cells.
Tunable Superhydrophobicity from 3D Hierarchically Nano‐Wrinkled Micro‐Pyramidal Architectures
Authors: Zhang Weixin , Gao Jie , Deng Yujun , Peng Linfa , Yi Peiyun , Lai Xinmin , Lin Zhongqin
Published: April 2021

Interfacial surfaces with hierarchical structures have triggered intense research interest and been used in a broad range of applications ranging from anti‐icing, anti‐fogging, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy to catalytic reaction. However, the high‐cost manufacturing processes and the limited durability remain as great challenges that need to be addressed, especially for superhydrophobicity. In this work, a novel hybrid approach for stretchable, transparent, and robust superhydrophobic surfaces is proposed, constructing micro‐pyramid architectures with tunable hierarchical wrinkles efficiently and in an environmentally friendly manner. Due to the multiscale structures, excellent superhydrophobicity is obtained with contact angle of ≈172° and sliding angle ≈5° in a steady “Lotus” state. Further, the wear resistance and stability tests also suggest a superior performance under simulated severe real‐world applications. Utilizing such multiscale synergistic co‐operation effects can be an excellent manufacturing strategy and be extended to other surface engineering where hierarchical architectures are needed.
Stimuli‐Responsive Memristive Materials for Artificial Synapses and Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Bian Hongyu , Goh Yi Yiing , Liu Yuxia , Ling Haifeng , Xie Linghai , Liu Xiaogang
Published: April 2021

Neuromorphic computing holds promise for building next‐generation intelligent systems in a more energy‐efficient way than the conventional von Neumann computing architecture. Memristive hardware, which mimics biological neurons and synapses, offers high‐speed operation and low power consumption, enabling energy‐ and area‐efficient, brain‐inspired computing. Here, recent advances in memristive materials and strategies that emulate synaptic functions for neuromorphic computing are highlighted. The working principles and characteristics of biological neurons and synapses, which can be mimicked by memristive devices, are presented. Besides device structures and operation with different external stimuli such as electric, magnetic, and optical fields, how memristive materials with a rich variety of underlying physical mechanisms can allow fast, reliable, and low‐power neuromorphic applications is also discussed. Finally, device requirements are examined and a perspective on challenges in developing memristive materials for device engineering and computing science is given.
Visible Light Assisted Radical‐Polar/Polar‐Radical Crossover Reactions in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Singh Jitender , Sharma Anuj
Published: April 2021

Chemists are generally familiar with polar reactions and radical reactions, in comparison, are underdeveloped. In the last few years, however, the novel concept of amalgamation of the above two in the form of radical‐polar crossover (RPCO) and polar‐radical crossover (PRCO) reactions has emerged as a valuable and powerful tool. This methodology tends to bridge the gap between the two as well as overcomes limitations of both radical and traditional polar chemistry. By bringing together the unorthodox chemistry of radicals with orthodox carbocations and carbanions, the green quotient of such reactions is significantly improved. The development and shaping up of this area in the last few years in the form of synthetically important transformations is summarised in this review.

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Candidate genes and signatures of directional selection on fruit quality traits during apple domestication
Authors: Wedger Marshall J. , Schumann Abby C. , Gross Briana L.
Published: April 2021

PREMISE

During plant domestication, traits can be subject to a variety of types of selection, ranging from strong directional selection for traits such as seed or fruit size to diversifying selection for traits like color or flavor. These types of selection interact with other evolutionary processes including genetic bottlenecks and interspecific gene flow to generate different levels of genetic diversity across the genome and at target genes in domesticated lineages, but little is known about the impacts of these processes in perennial fruit crops.

METHODS

We used sequence capture by hybridization to examine patterns of diversity at a suite of candidate domestication and anonymous background genes in domesticated apple (Malus ×domestica) in comparison to its wild relatives Malus sieversii and Malus orientalis.

RESULTS

We found no change in average diversity at these candidate domestication genes across the three species. However, a subset of the genes did exhibit patterns of very high or very low diversity in M. ×domestica compared to its progenitor, M. sieversii. Of the genes with characterized function, the low‐diversity genes mainly contributed to fruit quality traits like color and flavor, predicted to be under conscious, directional selection relatively late in the domestication process, while the high‐diversity genes included a variety of functions.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, these results are consistent with predictions based on the likely timing and nature of selection during domestication and open new avenues for understanding genes with high diversity in a perennial crop compared to its wild relatives.
High‐Rate CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products over a Copper‐Copper Iodide Catalyst
Authors: Li Hefei , Liu Tianfu , Wei Pengfei , Lin Long , Gao Dunfeng , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe
Published: April 2021

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to multicarbon hydrocarbon and oxygenate (C2+) products with high energy density and wide availability is of great importance, as it provides a promising way to achieve the renewable energy storage and close the carbon cycle. Herein we design a Cu‐CuI composite catalyst with abundant Cu0/Cu+ interfaces by physically mixing Cu nanoparticles and CuI powders. The composite catalyst achieves a remarkable C2+ partial current density of 591 mA cm−2 at −1.0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode in a flow cell, substantially higher than Cu (329 mA cm−2) and CuI (96 mA cm−2) counterparts. Induced by alkaline electrolyte and applied potential, the Cu‐CuI composite catalyst undergoes significant reconstruction under CO2RR conditions. The high‐rate C2+ production over Cu‐CuI is ascribed to the presence of residual Cu+ and adsorbed iodine species which improve CO adsorption and facilitate C−C coupling.
Locations Effects on the Quality of Chemlal and Azeradj Olives Grown in Algeria
Authors: Faci Massinissa , Hedjal Mariam , Douzane Malika , Sevim Didar , Köseoğlu Oya , Tamendjari Abderezak
Published: April 2021

This work aimed to investigate the combined effect of harvest time and crop altitude on the fruit and oil quality of two autochthonous Algerian olive cultivars, Chemlal and Azeradj. Fruit morphological characteristics, oil quality parameters, fatty acids and triacylglycerols composition, pigments, tocopherols and oxidative stability were determined. Olives were harvested at four different ripening stages in orchards located at 110, 320 and 490 m altitude, in the olive‐growing region of Kabylia, northern Algeria. Results showed a good discrimination between varieties, which were characterized by specific triacylglycerols and fatty acids profile. Different chemometric analyses carried out on the oil data highlighted the strong influence of variety in relation to the factors studied. Moreover, Principal Component Analysis performed on both fatty acids and triacylglycerols profile allowed correlating the distinct composition with the different varietal sensitivities to changes in crop attitude and ripening stage. Tocopherols showed a remarkable decrease with the ripening progress. Oxidative stability was positively correlated with variations in tocopherols and monounsaturated fatty acids during maturation and altitude changes.
Changes in surgical revascularization strategy after fractional flow reserve
Authors: Fournier Stephane , Toth Gabor G , De Bruyne Bernard , Kala Petr , Ribichini Flavio L , Casselman Filip , Ramos Ruben , Piroth Zsolt , Piccoli Anna , Penicka Martin , Mates Martin , Nemec Petr , Van Praet Frank , Stockman Bernard , Degriek Ivan , Pellicano Mariano , Barbato Emanuele
Published: April 2021

Aims

In the randomized GRAFFITI trial, surgeons drew their strategy based on coronary angiography. When patients were randomized to fractional flow reserve (FFR)‐guidance, surgeons were informed of the FFR values and asked to redraw their strategy. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes induced by FFR knowledge.

Methods and Results

The intended and performed strategy (before and after FFR) were compared. Among 172 patients, 84 with 300 lesions were randomized to the FFR‐guided group. The intended strategy was to bypass 236 stenoses:108 with a venous and 128 with an arterial graft. After disclosing FFR, a change in strategy occurred in 64 lesions (21.3%) of 48 (55%) patients. Among 64 lesions for which the intended strategy was medical therapy, 16 (25%) were bypassed after disclosing FFR. The number of procedures with >1 venous graft planned was significantly reduced from 37 to 27 patients (p = .031). The proportion of on‐pump surgery was significantly reduced from 71 to 61 patients (p = .006). The rates of clinical events at 1 year were similar between patients with or without at least one change in strategy.

Discussion

FFR‐guided CABG is associated with a simplified surgical procedure in 55% of the patients, with similar clinical outcomes.
Characterisation of cardiac pathology in 23 autopsies of lethalCOVID‐19
Authors: Haslbauer Jasmin D , Tzankov Alexandar , Mertz Kirsten D , Schwab Nathalie , Nienhold Ronny , Twerenbold Raphael , Leibundgut Gregor , Stalder Anna K , Matter Matthias , Glatz Katharina
Published: April 2021

While coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) primarily affects the respiratory tract, pathophysiological changes of the cardiovascular system remain to be elucidated. We performed a retrospective cardiopathological analysis of the heart and vasculature from 23 autopsies of COVID‐19 patients, comparing the findings with control tissue. Myocardium from autopsies of COVID‐19 patients was categorised into severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) positive (n= 14) or negative (n= 9) based on the presence of viral RNA as determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Control tissue was selected from autopsies without COVID‐19 (n= 10) with similar clinical sequelae. Histological characteristics were scored by ordinal and/or categorical grading. Five RT‐PCR‐positive cases underwentin situhybridisation (ISH) for SARS‐CoV‐2. Patients with lethal COVID‐19 infection were mostly male (78%) and had a high incidence of hypertension (91%), coronary artery disease (61%), and diabetes mellitus (48%). Patients with positive myocardial RT‐PCR died earlier after hospital admission (5 versus 12 days,p < 0.001) than patients with negative RT‐PCR. An increased severity of fibrin deposition, capillary dilatation, and microhaemorrhage was observed in RT‐PCR‐positive myocardium than in negatives and controls, with a positive correlation amongst these factors All cases with increased cardioinflammatory infiltrate, without myocyte necrosis (n= 4) or with myocarditis (n= 1), were RT‐PCR negative. ISH revealed positivity of viral RNA in interstitial cells. Myocardial capillary dilatation, fibrin deposition, and microhaemorrhage may be the histomorphological correlate of COVID‐19‐associated coagulopathy. Increased cardioinflammation including one case of myocarditis was only detected in RT‐PCR‐negative hearts with significantly longer hospitalisation time. This may imply a secondary immunological response warranting further characterisation.
Evidence of nest material kleptoparasitism in Worm‐eating Warblers (Helmitheros vermivorum) in east‐central Arkansas, USA
Authors: Wynia Amy L. , Bednarz James C.
Published: April 2021

Nest material kleptoparasitism likely evolved in birds to reduce the cost of searching for and collecting material themselves. Although nest material kleptoparasitism has been reported commonly in colonially nesting species, reports for solitary breeding species are infrequent, especially for neotropical migratory species. Here, we report potential and actual nest material kleptoparasitism in the Worm‐eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorum). We deployed video camera systems at passerine nests (n = 81) in east‐central Arkansas during summers 2011–2012. In one video, we observed a Worm‐eating Warbler stealing nesting material from a Hooded Warbler (Setophaga citrina) nest. One day later, we later observed a Worm‐eating Warbler landing within 0.5 m of the same warbler nest when the female was incubating, which possibly deterred a second theft of nesting material. In a third video recording, we observed another Worm‐eating Warbler landing within 1 m of an Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) nest. As far as we could determine, neither of these latter two nest visits resulted in nest material kleptoparasitism. Potential benefits of nest material kleptoparasitism include reduced competition for limited nest materials, easy access to suitable material, reduced travel distance, and reduction of nest predation risk; however, costs include risk of attack by host or introducing parasites to one's nest. Importantly, this behavior could ultimately affect the behavioral and life history evolution of a species. We suggest further work should be conducted to determine the prevalence of nest material kleptoparasitism in Worm‐eating Warblers and other solitary breeding passerines, including efforts to quantify the benefits and costs of this behavior.