bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the United States Black-White Life Expectancy Gap, 2007-2018
Authors: Wetzler Harry
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: Life expectancy is a critical measure of population health. In the U.S., Black Americans have historically experienced lower life expectancy than White Americans due to factors such as health insurance inequities, socioeconomic disparities, and systemic barriers. Though the Black-White life expectancy gap narrowed after 1990, it has fluctuated in recent years, influenced by socioeconomic changes and the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines how national-level differences in education and income contributed to the Black-White life expectancy gap in the United States from 2007 to 2018.

METHODS: Data were analyzed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018) and its Linked Mortality File. Using 3 survival models, this study assessed life expectancy at age 20 for Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations. Covariates included education and income.

RESULTS: The unadjusted life expectancy gap at age 20 between NHB and NHW individuals averaged 3 years. Adjusting for education using a flexible parametric survival model reduced the gap by 50%, while adjusting for income reduced the gap by 75%. When both factors were adjusted simultaneously, two survival models indicated that NHB life expectancy slightly exceeded NHW life expectancy. Income disparities persisted across educational levels, signifying unequal economic returns to education.

CONCLUSIONS: Addressing income disparities is essential for reducing racial inequities in life expectancy. Policies promoting both equitable education access and income equivalence are critical for achieving health equity and improving population health.
Aspects of a Randomly Growing Cluster in ℝ^2, d≥2
Authors: Frieze Alan , Kannan Ravi , Pegden Wesley
Published: January 2025

We consider a simple model of a growing cluster of points in \(\mathbb{R}^d, d \geq 2\). Beginning with a point \(X_1\) located at the origin, we generate a random sequence of points \(X_1, X_2, \ldots, X_i, \ldots,\). To generate \(X_i, i \geq 2\) we choose a uniform integer \(j\) in \([i-1] = \{1,2,\ldots,i-1\}\) and then let \(X_i = X_j + D_i\) where \(D_i = (\delta_1,\ldots,\delta_d)\). Here the \(\delta_j\) are independent copies of the Normal distribution \(N(0,\sigma_i)\), where \(\sigma_i = i^{-\alpha}\) for some \(\alpha>0\). We prove that for any \(\alpha>0\) the resulting point set is bounded a.s., and moreover, that the points generated look like samples from a \(\beta\)-dimensional subset of \(\mathbb{R}^d\) from the standpoint of the minimum lengths of combinatorial structures on the point-sets, where \(\beta = \min(d,1/\alpha)\).
TGFBR2High Mesenchymal Glioma Stem Cells Phenocopy Regulatory T Cells to Suppress CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Function
Authors: Lopez-Bertoni Hernando , Laterra John
Published: January 2025

Attempts to activate an anti-tumor immune response in glioblastoma (GBM) have been met with many challenges due to its inherently immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The degree and mechanisms by which molecularly and phenotypically diverse tumor-propagating glioma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to this state are poorly defined. In this study, our multifaceted approach combining bioinformatics analyses of clinical and experimental datasets, single-cell sequencing, and molecular and pharmacologic manipulation of patient-derived cells identified GSCs expressing immunosuppressive effectors mimicking regulatory T cells (Tregs). We show that this Immunosuppressive Treg-Like (ITL) GSC state is specific to the mesenchymal GSC subset and is associated with and driven specifically by TGF-β type II receptor (TGFBR2) in contrast to TGFBR1. Transgenic TGFBR2 expression in patient-derived GBM neurospheres promoted a mesenchymal transition and induced a 6-gene ITL signature consisting of CD274 (PD-L1), NT5E (CD73), ENTPD1 (CD39), LGALS1 (galectin-1), PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2), and TGFB1. This TGFBR2-driven ITL signature was identified in clinical GBM specimens, patient-derived GSCs and systemic mesenchymal malignancies. TGFBR2High GSCs inhibited CD4+ and CD8+ T cell viability and their capacity to kill GBM cells, effects reversed by pharmacologic and shRNA-based TGFBR2 inhibition. Collectively, our data identify an immunosuppressive GSC state that is TGFBR2-dependent and susceptible to TGFBR2-targeted therapeutics.
CM3T: Framework for Efficient Multimodal Learning for Inhomogeneous Interaction Datasets
Authors: Agrawal Tanay
Published: January 2025

Challenges in cross-learning involve inhomogeneous or even inadequate amount of training data and lack of resources for retraining large pretrained models. Inspired by transfer learning techniques in NLP, adapters and prefix tuning, this paper presents a new model-agnostic plugin architecture for cross-learning, called CM3T, that adapts transformer-based models to new or missing information. We introduce two adapter blocks: multi-head vision adapters for transfer learning and cross-attention adapters for multimodal learning. Training becomes substantially efficient as the backbone and other plugins do not need to be finetuned along with these additions. Comparative and ablation studies on three datasets Epic-Kitchens-100, MPIIGroupInteraction and UDIVA v0.5 show efficacy of this framework on different recording settings and tasks. With only 12.8% trainable parameters compared to the backbone to process video input and only 22.3% trainable parameters for two additional modalities, we achieve comparable and even better results than the state-of-the-art. CM3T has no specific requirements for training or pretraining and is a step towards bridging the gap between a general model and specific practical applications of video classification.
Integrating Functionalities To A System Via Autoencoder Hippocampus Network
Authors: Luo Siwei
Published: January 2025

Integrating multiple functionalities into a system poses a fascinating challenge to the field of deep learning. While the precise mechanisms by which the brain encodes and decodes information, and learns diverse skills, remain elusive, memorization undoubtedly plays a pivotal role in this process. In this article, we delve into the implementation and application of an autoencoder-inspired hippocampus network in a multi-functional system. We propose an autoencoder-based memorization method for policy function’s parameters. Specifically, the encoder of the autoencoder maps policy function’s parameters to a skill vector, while the decoder retrieves the parameters via this skill vector. The policy function is dynamically adjusted tailored to corresponding tasks. Henceforth, a skill vectors graph neural network is employed to represent the homeomorphic topological structure of subtasks and manage subtasks execution.
METAGENE-1: Metagenomic Foundation Model for Pandemic Monitoring
Authors: Liu Ollie , Jaghour Sami , Hagemann Johannes , Wang Shangshang , Wiemels Jason , Kaufman Jeff , Neiswanger Willie
Published: January 2025

We pretrain METAGENE-1, a 7-billion-parameter autoregressive transformer model, which we refer to as a _metagenomic foundation model_, on a novel corpus of diverse metagenomic DNA and RNA sequences comprising over 1.5 trillion base pairs. This dataset is sourced from a large collection of human wastewater samples, processed and sequenced using deep metagenomic (next-generation) sequencing methods. Unlike genomic models that focus on individual genomes or curated sets of specific species, the aim of METAGENE-1 is to capture the full distribution of genomic information present within this wastewater, to aid in tasks relevant to pandemic monitoring and pathogen detection. We carry out byte-pair encoding (BPE) tokenization on our dataset, tailored for metagenomic sequences, and then pretrain our model. In this paper, we first detail the pretraining dataset, tokenization strategy, and model architecture, highlighting the considerations and design choices that enable the effective modeling of metagenomic data. We then show results of pretraining this model on our metagenomic dataset, providing details about our losses, system metrics, and training stability over the course of pretraining. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of METAGENE-1, which achieves state-of-the-art results on a set of genomic benchmarks and new evaluations focused on human-pathogen detection and genomic sequence embedding, showcasing its potential for public health applications in pandemic monitoring, biosurveillance, and early detection of emerging health threats.

Website: metagene.ai [https://metagene.ai/]
Model Weights: huggingface.co/metagene-ai [https://huggingface.co/metagene-ai]
Code Repository: github.com/metagene-ai [https://github.com/metagene-ai]
Foreign Divestment and Technology in Developing Countries
Authors: Djokoto Justice
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE: The inflow of foreign direct investment is expected to yield benefits including technology transfer. What will happen to the benefit of technology in the presence of foreign divestment? To answer this question, this study assessed the effect of foreign divestment on technology in the host developing countries.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The data employed is an unbalanced panel of 73 developing countries spanning 1990 to 2022 fitted to fixed and random effects estimators.

FINDINGS: Foreign divestment crowded out technology in developing countries but human capital enhanced technology in developing countries.

RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Managers of developing countries’ economies must enhance the economic indicators to retain foreign direct investment and discourage foreign divestment. There must be a continual investment to improve access, participation, and education completion at all levels. The focus on quality generally, and in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics specifically, must be ensured.

ORIGINALITY: Although the phenomenon of foreign divestment has remained largely a firm-level concept at inception, recent studies have presented a macroeconomic perspective of the concept. Whilst some explained foreign divestment others investigated the role of foreign divestment in some economic variables including domestic investment. What is missing in all these is divestment’s role in technology, which this study provides.
(De)-Indexing and the Right to be Forgotten
Authors: Ruffo Giancarlo
Published: January 2025

In the digital age, the challenge of forgetfulness has emerged as a significant concern, particularly regarding the management of personal data and its accessibility online. The right to be forgotten (RTBF) allows individuals to request the removal of outdated or harmful information from public access, yet implementing this right poses substantial technical difficulties for search engines. This paper aims to introduce non-experts to the foundational concepts of information retrieval (IR) and de-indexing, which are critical for understanding how search engines can effectively ”forget” certain content. We will explore various IR models, including boolean, probabilistic, vector space, and embedding-based approaches, as well as the role of Large Language Models (LLMs) in enhancing data processing capabilities. By providing this overview, we seek to highlight the complexities involved in balancing individual privacy rights with the operational challenges faced by search engines in managing information visibility.
Estimating Potential Demand and Customers’ Perception of Service Value in a Two-station Service System
Authors: Mangre Nishant , Wang Jiesen
Published: January 2025

The potential demand in the market and customers’ perception of service value are crucial factors in pricing strategies, resource allocation, and other operational decisions. However, this information is typically private and not readily accessible. In this paper, we analyze a service system operating across two stations, each with its own customer flow. Customers arriving at the system are informed of the waiting times at both stations and can choose to either join the local station, switch to the other station, or balk. Our objective is to estimate the arrival rates at each station and customers’ perceived service value based on the observed workloads at both stations. A significant challenge arises from the inability to observe balking customers and the lack of distinction between local arrivals and customers switching from the other station, as the switching cost is unknown. To address this issue, we employ maximum likelihood estimation and validate the effectiveness of the estimator through a series of simulations.
STEAM-EEG: Spatiotemporal EEG Analysis with Markov Transfer Fields and Attentive CNNs
Authors: Qin Jiahao , Liu Feng
Published: January 2025

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals play a pivotal role in biomedical research and clinical applications, including epilepsy diagnosis, sleep disorder analysis, and brain-computer interfaces. However, the effective analysis and interpretation of these complex signals often present significant challenges. This paper presents a novel approach that integrates computer graphics techniques with biological signal pattern recognition, specifically using Markov Transfer Fields (MTFs) for EEG time series imaging. The proposed framework (STEAM-EEG) employs the capabilities of MTFs to capture the spatiotemporal dynamics of EEG signals, transforming them into visually informative images. These images are then rendered, visualised, and modelled using state-of-the-art computer graphics techniques, thereby facilitating enhanced data exploration, pattern recognition, and decision-making. The code could be accessed from GitHub.
ISLAMIC EDUCATION MANAGEMENT: INTEGRATION OF HOLISTIC APPROACHES IN FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
Authors: Nuryahman Muhammad , Majeed Muhammad Kashif
Published: January 2025

Every educational institution requires effective management in its operations. Good management ensures that the institution achieves success and is capable of delivering optimal educational quality. This study discusses factors that affect the implementation of Islamic Education management across various educational levels, particularly in both formal and non-formal education. The research employs a qualitative approach by combining various methodologies and data sources to provide a deeper understanding of Islamic Education management, utilizing descriptive analysis. The findings indicate several factors that influence the success of Islamic Education management, including leadership, human resources (HR), infrastructure, curriculum, and stakeholders. Meanwhile, non-formal education plays a significant role in the overall education system, particularly in meeting the needs of communities that are not reached by formal education. Formal and non-formal education complement each other in shaping competent and qualified individuals. Although both differ in structure, curriculum, and implementation methods, they share the same goal: to enhance the potential of individuals and society. 
Keywords: Islamic Education Management; Holistic Approach; Formal Education; Non-formal Education; Qualitative Research.
 
Abstrak
Setiap lembaga pendidikan memerlukan manajemen yang efektif dalam operasionalnya. Manajemen yang baik akan menjamin keberhasilan lembaga dan mampu memberikan mutu pendidikan yang optimal. Penelitian ini membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerapan manajemen Pendidikan Islam di berbagai jenjang pendidikan, khususnya pada pendidikan formal dan nonformal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggabungkan berbagai metodologi dan sumber data untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang manajemen Pendidikan Islam, dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan manajemen Pendidikan Islam, antara lain kepemimpinan, sumber daya manusia (SDM), sarana prasarana, kurikulum, dan pemangku kepentingan. Sementara itu, pendidikan nonformal memegang peranan penting dalam sistem pendidikan secara keseluruhan, khususnya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat yang tidak terjangkau oleh pendidikan formal. Pendidikan formal dan nonformal saling melengkapi dalam membentuk individu yang kompeten dan berkualitas. Meskipun keduanya berbeda dalam struktur, kurikulum, dan metode pelaksanaan, keduanya memiliki tujuan yang sama, yaitu meningkatkan potensi individu dan masyarakat.
Kata Kunci: Manajemen Pendidikan Islam; Pendekatan Holistik; Pendidikan Formal; Pendidikan Nonformal; Penelitian Kualitatif.
Kualitas Pengaruh Konten Instagram dan Sosial Media Marketing terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen pada Rio Home Studio
Authors: Saleh Sonni Rahmat , Suherman Jajang
Published: January 2025

In today's digital era, the quality of Instagram content and social media marketing in increasing consumer buying interest is the most important thing for a company, decreasing consumer buying interest. This study aims to determine the influence of the quality of Instagram content and social media marketing on consumer buying interest in Rio Home Studio. This study uses a quantitative approach, the sample used is propability sampling and the respondent criteria, namely Instagram accounts that follow @riohomestudio accounts, using 93 samples distributed through Instagram directorate messages. The testing techniques in this study use validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests consisting of normality tests, multicoloniality tests, and heteroscenity tests, as well as multiple linear regression analysis consisting of hypothesis tests, namely t tests and f tests, and determination coefficient analysis, processed using SPSS 23. The results of this study show that: X1 has a positive effect on Y, as evidenced by the calculated t value of 5.794, the regression coefficient has a positive value of 0.000. X2 has a positive effect on Y, as evidenced by the calculated t value of 5.794, the regression coefficient has a positive value of 0.000. X1 and X2 have a positive effect on Y. It is evidenced by the result of f calculation of 2.36 with a significance of 0.000. The magnitude of the influence of X1 and X2 on Y is evidenced by the adjusted R square value of 81.5% and the remaining 18.5% is influenced by other variables outside this research model. From this study, it can be concluded that the quality of Instagram content and social media marketing has a positive effect on consumer buying interest.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Penerima Bantuan Sosial Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting
Authors: Rifasya Pramadika , Aryanti Utami , Anwar Moh. Taufan , Atmoko Dwi
Published: January 2025

Social assistance (bansos) is one form of government program that has become the main instrument in supporting the welfare of low-income communities in Cilaengka Wetan Village to meet their basic needs. However, the main challenge in implementing this program is the selection process for aid recipients which is often done manually, so that it risks causing inaccuracy and injustice in determining recipients. This study aims to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) for the selection of social assistance recipients in Cicalengka Wetan Village using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method so that social assistance recipients are right on target and ensure that assistance is given to people who really need it. The Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method was chosen because it is able to perform criteria-based calculations with objective and transparent results. The trial results show that the developed system can provide valid recommendations and is in accordance with the conditions of prospective recipients. This research assistance is expected to be a practical solution in social distribution, not only in Cicalengka Wetan Village but also in other areas with adjustment criteria. As a further development, an integration system with web-based technology or mobile applications can be carried out to improve the accessibility and efficiency of the decision-making process.
Perancangan User Interface Sistem Tata Kerja PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional Refinery Unit III
Authors: Larasati Ratu Aprilia , Ruskan Endang Lestari
Published: January 2025

The evolution of information technology increasingly exerts significant influence across various life domains, including the business field. With this development, numerous companies and institutions are transitioning from manual systems to computerized systems. A prime example is PT Kilang Pertamina International Refinery Unit III, which possesses an integrated system enabling comprehensive corporate operational management. However, in reality, the Sistem Tata Kerja (STK) design remains non-computerized, still utilizing physical documents involving traditional procedural actions such as document creation, numbering, and authorization signatures by authorized leadership. Consequently, this frequently generates challenges, particularly during urgent document signature situations where leadership cannot be replaced by others. The research objective is to design a STK user interface utilizing Figma through prototyping method. The method used is prototyping, which consists of several stages, starting from Requirement Gathering and Analysis to the final stage, Implement Product and Maintain. The evaluation was conducted using the usability testing method with a tool called Maze. Based on the results, a score of 90 was obtained, indicating that the user interface is categorized into the high category. This demonstrates that the designed user interface can meet user needs while providing an efficient and user-friendly experience.
Penerapan Data Mining Clustering terhadap Perekonomian di Kelurahan Sawah Lebar Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means
Authors: Ayi Purnama Soni , Novrian Willi , Ramadani Niska
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the economic conditions of the community in Sawah Lebar Village, Ratu Agung District, Bengkulu City, Bengkulu Province, using the data mining clustering method based on the K-Means algorithm. The K-Means algorithm is applied to group economic data of the community based on several variables, such as Employment Status, Home Ownership, Dependents, Monthly Income, Monthly Expenditure and Age of Head of Family. Through this clustering process, several groups (clusters) are produced that identify different economic patterns in the region, namely Cluster_0 (C0), Cluster_1 (C1) and Cluster_2 (C2). In order for the results of this study to be accurate, the data processing in this study uses the Rapidminer Studio Application. From the results of the data processing that has been carried out, it was found that for C0 there are 17 data, C1 there are 16 Data and C2 there are 17 Data. Then, for the recommendation of the community that is recommended to receive government assistance, it is the community that is in the lowest economic class, namely Cluster_1 (C1), Cluster_2 (C2) is the community with the highest economy, while the community in Cluster_0 (C0) is the middle economy.
The Importance of Arabic Language Standardisation Policy as Final Student Advantage in Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Uyuni Yuyun Rohmatul , Reonaldi Arbi , Aziz Nurul Izzatie Binti , Al Maa'uun Haudh
Published: January 2025

The importance of the standardisation policy applied for final year students to get official recognition with Arabic language skills during education at Islamic boarding schools. Standardisation of Arabic in Islamic boarding schools has not used internationally accepted and recognized standards. This study analyzes the policy strategy of the Zam Zam Muhammadiyah Cilongok Islamic boarding school to set an international Arabic language standard in the form of TOAFL for final-year students. The research method uses qualitative with a grounded theory approach while the analysis uses design thinking and data analysis techniques with triangulation. The results showed that the TOAFL-based Arabic standardisation policy refers to the curriculum, resources, infrastructure, and cooperation carried out in improving the skills and excellence of students at the final level. The implications of research on the application of TOAFL-based Arabic standardisation in Islamic boarding schools will increase the excellence of students at the national and international levels.
Arabic Language Education: A Comparative Study of Pedagogical Approaches in Modern and Traditional Islamic Boarding Schools
Authors: Yusuf Enjang Burhanudin , Muhdi Ali , Latifah Umu
Published: January 2025

Pesantren is one of the oldest educational institutions in Indonesia. It colored the faces of Indonesian education so that many of the great figures of this nation graduated from the pastoral cottage. Arabic has become one of the most important lessons that is almost always found in every training course in Indonesia. In its development, the patterns of learning Arabic in Pesantren differ between salaf and modern cottage. The aim of this study is to find out how to actualize the Arabic teaching in Pesantren Az Zahra al Gontori as a modern cabin and the Wonoyoso salafite cabin as a salaf cabin. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive with field research methods. The results of this study are: 1) Modern Islamic language learning in Az Zahra Al Gontory is carried out in daily, weekly, monthly and incidental. while in Pesantren Salaf Wanayasa take the form of sorogan, classical and book studies. 2) The similarities between the actualization of the two lie in the aim of learning Arabic, namely educating a generation of Muslims who understand Islamic teachings well. 3) The difference between the two is the specific goals of learning Arabic and strategies and learning models.
Tasmiimu Al- Wasaail At- Ta’limiyyah “FM Smart Finger” Fii Darsi Sharf Li-Tsanah At-Tsaaniyyah
Authors: Dewi Neng Rosi Resmalasari , Yasin Agus , Sholehati Maulida , Kaisa Mikyal
Published: January 2025

تتناول هذه الدراسة التحديات التي تواجه تعلم الصرف في المعهد الحديث دار السلام كونتورالحرم الثاني للبنات، حيث أدت طرق التدريس التقليدية إلى نتائج تعليمية أقل من المستوى المطلوب. من أجل تحسين فعالية التدريس، تم تطوير أداة تعليمية مبتكرة تسمى "FM Smart Finger"، وهي مصممة خصيصًا لتدريس الفعل المعتل لطالبات الصف الثاني في كلية المعلمات الإسلامية. باستخدام تصميم بحث تجريبي، تم جمع البيانات من خلال الاستبيانات والاختبارات والوثائق. كشف تحليل اختبار T عن تحسن كبير في الأداء الأكاديمي بين الطالبات اللاتي استخدمن "FM Smart Finger" مقارنة باللاتي اتبعن الطرق التقليدية. تسلط هذه الدراسة الضوء على إمكانيات الأدوات التعليمية المبتكرة في تعزيز نتائج التعلم في مادة الصرف. يقدم "FM Smart Finger" نهجًا جديدًا في تدريس المفاهيم اللغوية المعقدة، ويمهد الطريق لمزيد من البحث والتطبيق الأوسع في السياقات التعليمية المختلفة.
A Design of Arabic Writing Skills Test for Beginners According to Standardization of the American Council On The Teaching Of Foreign Languages (ACTFL)
Authors: Mahmudi Ihwan , Hasanah Maghfirotul , Ismail Moh. , Saifulloh Ahmad , Fatawi Izzul
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tests or questions that use ACTFL standards at level Novice is one way to find out Arabic language learning standards and students' ability standards, especially writing skills tests. ACTFL standardization at the Novice level consists of 3 levels, namely Novice High (high beginner level), Novice Mid (intermediate beginner level), and Novice Low (low beginner level). The research uses a qualitative method through a literature study by studying the Skills Guide book American Council On The Teaching Of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) and other literature such as articles and books. Based on the results of the analysis carried out in this research, there are 20 tests or questions according to ACTFL standardization at the level Novice that is 20% of the questions of difficulty level or Novice High (4 questions), 50% of the questions are medium level or Novice Mid (10 questions), and 30% easy level questions or Novice Low (6 questions).
Keywords: Test, Writing Skills, Beginner (Novice), ACTFL.
Survival rate of dairy heifer calves from birth to one year of age
Authors: Stavetska R. V. , Tytarenko I. V. , Sudyka V. V. , Polupan Yu. P.
Published: January 2025

The study examined the survival rate of dairy heifer calves from birth to one year of age over ten years (2009–2018). The frequency of heifer calves' death in different age periods has been identified, and the frequency of calf death depends on the damage and their milk yield, as well as the season of birth of the heifer calves. In total, 2,825 heifer calves of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breeds with a high Holstein share heredity (93 % and higher) were included in the study. The farm where the study was conducted is located in the southern part of the Kyiv region. The average 305-d lactation milk yield was 8463 kg, and the average caw age in the herd – was 1.94 lactations. The calf's housing system was unchanged during the experimental period: colostrum was fed to newborn calves for at least three days, whole milk – until the age of 9–11 weeks; combined fodder intake – as much as calves want during the first month of life and 1.5 kg per day before weaning, getting used to hay from the age of 4 weeks. Calves were housed in individual hutches. It was established that for the investigated period, the herd's survival rate of dairy heifer calves was 85.4 % (81.5...90.1 %); 14.6 % of calves died before the age of one year for different reasons. By age, most heifer calves died within the first month after birth, which amounted to 53.3 % at the age of 1.1–3.0 months – 12.1 %, 3.1–6.0 months – 18.6 %, and 6.1–12.0 months –16.0 %. Dams of died heifer calves were characterized by a slightly older age compared to the average age of cows in the herd (+ 0.21 lactations, P < 0.01) and lower 305-d milk yield in lactation that preceded heifer calf death (-230 kg, P < 0.001). It was found that, depending on the season of birth, the lowest proportion of heifer calves’ deaths was observed in the group born in autumn – 19.6 %; in winter, spring, and summer, the part of heifer calves deaths varied from 26.2 to 27.6 %. Therefore, the survival rate of heifer calves depends to a certain extent on the age of calves, the age and milk productivity of dams, and the season of birth of calves.
The effect of disinfectant based on hydrogen peroxide, lactic and perlactic acids on the laboratory rats
Authors: Kovalenko V. , Chechet O. , Pyskun A. , Romanko M. , Liniichuk N. , Ushkalov V. , Halka I. , Gutyj B.
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, there are many types of disinfectants available on the market. At the same time, an analysis of scientific literature shows the lack of disinfectants based on perlactic acid, which has no less pronounced oxidative properties than the other acids, used for disinfection. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of “Biolide” disinfectant based on hydrogen peroxide, lactic and perlactic acids on the laboratory rats. Different concentrations of this disinfectant was inserted to animals intragastrically, by application on skin and by inhalation (cages processing). Authors identified the LD50, irritant and sensitizing effects, immunological parameters of blood. The LD50 was 5292 mg/kg for male and 5041 mg/kg for female rats after intragastric insertion. This disinfectant had a temporary irritant and sensitizing effects on the skin of rats and no negative effect on the indicators of nonspecific immune response in the form of 0.2 % solution. Studies regarding the SBA and the quantitative content of E and EAC rosette-forming cells (E-RFC and ЕАС-RFC) showed a suppressive effect of not only 2.0 % but also 1.0 % of the biolide solution. This study proved that biolide has no toxicity properties and exhibits temporary sensitizing and irritating effect only in the form of a concentrate. Results of research indicated that this disinfectant belongs to fourth class according to the classification of chemicals by the degree of hazard, which allows its use in the presence of animals.
The effect of specific immunoglobulins on sow milk parameters and piglet productivity
Authors: Prudyus T. Ya.
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to assess the effect of the feed additive “Globigen Jump Start” on the performance of lactating sows and piglets at an early age. The study was conducted on a pig farm, where 16 sows of the Velyka Bila breed were selected and divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was added to “Globigen Jump Start” in 1 kg/t of feed. The addition of “Globigen Jump Start” contributed to the improvement of the quality of sows' milk, in particular an increase in the content of protein by 3.21 %, amino acids such as lysine (+8.05 %), and macro- and microelements, including calcium (+1.9 %), and phosphorus (+6.9 %). This led to an increase in the live weight of piglets in the experimental group by 12.38 % on the fifth day and by 10.56 % on the 28th. A decrease in feed consumption was observed in the sows of the experimental group by 2.73 % compared to the control group, and their weight loss during lactation decreased by 5 %. In the piglets of the experimental group, there was an increase in average daily weight gain by 18.52 % and a decrease in the observed. Thus, using “Globigen Jump Start” in rational sows and piglets allowed them to improve their productivity, ensure better growth and development of piglets, and increase economic efficiency over the years.
The prospect of overcoming antibiotic resistance using plant agro-wastes – systematic review
Authors: Pikhtirova A. V. , Shkromada O. I. , Pecka-Kiełb E. , Kamratska O. I. , Ivchenko V. D. , Kolomiiets I. A.
Published: January 2025

The article summarizes the latest data on the possibilities of using agricultural waste for the development of effective means of combating microorganisms. A comprehensive search was carried out using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The methods of preparation of solutions from raw plant materials are detailed, and their biochemical composition is given. Microorganisms that have aroused the scientific and practical interest of researchers from different countries of the world are also indicated. For ease of understanding, the primary material indicating the sensitivity of microorganisms to plant extracts is presented in the form of a table. It should be noted that the concept of “agro-waste” is different in different countries, but everywhere it is planted, raw material is not subject to further processing, human consumption, or animal feeding. Since such raw materials are abundant and cheap, they should be considered as a potential source of biochemically active substances for use in various spheres of human life. Natural biochemical substances are of indisputable importance in the fight against microorganisms – pathogens of humans (animals), which, through specific mutational mechanisms, have developed resistance to widely used antimicrobial agents. Resistant strains are potentially dangerous biologically and “economically” due to the difficulty of fighting them and attracting significant financial resources to this fight. The current situation prompts scientists to search for cheap, easy-to-prepare (use) and effective means. Based on the materials of the article, raw materials of plant origin – agricultural waste – have the potential to overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance, but further, more in-depth study of their properties is required.
A case of brachiocephalic syndrome in a French bulldog
Authors: Kravchenko S. O. , Dmytrenko N. I. , Perviy A. O. , Karysheva L. P. , Kulynych S. M.
Published: January 2025

The brachiocephalic syndrome is characteristic of dogs and cats with short muzzles that often have breathing problems. The most common causes of respiratory disorders are stenosis of the nostrils, a protruding nasal fold, elongation and thickening of the soft palate, protrusion of the laryngeal sacs, etc. Brachiocephalic syndrome develops in short-faced dogs due to pathological changes in the structure of the upper and lower respiratory tract (collapse, malformation, various deformations). The degree of manifestation of symptoms can vary - from weak respiratory noises to suffocation and the development of acute hypoxia. The article presents the case history of a French bulldog dog, a female, with severe clinical signs of brachycephalic syndrome. In particular, there are pronounced signs of airway obstruction, digestive tract, spinal malformation, and reproductive tract deformation. The work aimed to comprehensively cover all manifestations of brachycephalic syndrome retrospectively, taking into account the dynamics of pathology manifestations, as well as the analysis and discussion of the effectiveness and results of treatment measures, both surgical and therapeutic. The results of clinical studies are described, and there is a vast arsenal of additional ones: laboratory and instrumental. In particular, the results of general and biochemical blood tests, coagulograms at different periods of the animal's life, the results of studies of the respiratory organs and the anterior digestive system, and individual bacteriological, computed tomography, resonance tomography, and histological studies are analyzed. It is shown that the first clinical manifestations of brachiocephalic syndrome are signs of airway obstruction, which gradually progress, starting from the act of feeding up to signs of sleep apnea, despite repeated surgical interventions (complex palatoplasty). The results of the musculoskeletal system study are indicated, demonstrating pronounced multiple pathologies of the spine (kyphosis, scoliosis, protrusions, degenerative-destructive changes in the intervertebral discs, syringomyelia). The results of postmortem histological studies of the gastric mucosa and duodenum are presented.
The effect of humic substances on the functional state of internal organs and antioxidant status in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Rymskyi V. V. , Nedzvetsky V. S.
Published: January 2025

Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species imbalance have a multifactorial harmful effect on the cardiovascular system, which leads to dysregulation of calcium channels, formation of fibrosis, apoptosis, hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, as well as inflammatory processes. The role of impaired redox reactions in the body of animals suffering from myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) has not been sufficiently studied. That is why the goal of our research was to study the impact of heart disease on the formation of oxidative stress, as well as to analyse the use of a remedy based on humic substances on the formation of antioxidant protection and the functional state of the organs of the abdominal cavity. The results of our study showed that humic substances do not have a negative effect on kidney function and protein metabolism. Serum levels of electrolytes, namely sodium, potassium, and chlorine, did not show any changes in either group during the study period. The functional state of the hepatobiliary system during the use of humic substances also did not change and did not exceed the threshold values. Thus, the level of ALT on the 21st day of the study in the group of standard therapy (ST) and the group of animals that received humic compounds along with standard therapy (STH) increased by 12.8 % and 20.4 %, respectively. The level of AST in the ST group decreased by 7.9 % and in the STH group it increased by 3.8 %. Indicators of antioxidant protection activity significantly changed by the 21st day of the study in the STH group, so the level of SOD decreased by 25 %, and the level of catalase, on the contrary, increased by 28.5 %. In general, the obtained results indicate the absence of toxic effects of humic substances on the functional state of the hepatobiliary system and kidneys, and demonstrate improvement of the antioxidant protection of the body of dogs with MMVD stage C according to the classification of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Sensitivity of an improved method for post-life laboratory diagnosis of chicken eimeriosis
Authors: Hodyna V.
Published: January 2025

Poultry farming is vital in providing the population with high-quality food products – eggs and poultry meat. Poultry farming is characterized by rapid livestock reproduction rates, the lowest per unit of output compared to other livestock industries. To maintain high economic performance and produce high-quality products, it is necessary to ensure veterinary well-being concerning invasive diseases. The dangerous protozoan disease eimeriosis cause significant financial losses, high mortality of young poultry, decreased chicken productivity, and the quality of products from sick birds. The work aimed to improve and determine the sensitivity of the method of post-life laboratory diagnostics of eimeriosis in chickens. The proposed useful model relates to veterinary medicine, namely, veterinary parasitology, to methods of ovoscopic studies of chicken droppings, particularly a quantitative method for detecting eimeriosis oocysts. It was found that when examining chicken droppings for the presence of Eimeria oocysts, the most effective method was the improved method, which is based on using a combined hypertonic solution with a high specific gravity and well-defined coagulation properties. When using it, it was possible to detect the most significant number of oocysts – 1285.20 oocysts/g of droppings, which was 8.24 % more compared to the analog method (the method of quantitative coproscopic diagnostics of nematodoses of the digestive tract of ruminants) and 33.17 % (P < 0.01) – compared to the known method (Stall's method). Also, the improved method is the most optimal regarding the number of positive samples, the number of detected invasive elements in 1 g of droppings, and the coagulation ability of the flotation solution concerning undigested feed residues detected during microscopy. The obtained research results allow us to recommend implementing the proposed method for quantitative detection of Eimeria sp. oocysts in chicken droppings for effective,  sensitive, and timely laboratory diagnostics of Eimeria sp.
Determination of the carcinogenicity of a preparation for external use based on birch tar in white mice
Authors: Vasiv R. O. , Kychan M. V. , Kurylas L. V. , Ponomareva S. A.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of the study of the carcinogenicity of the veterinary drug “Kubazol” on white rats. This work aims to determine the carcinogenic potential of the drug for external use based on birch tar in an experimental model using white mice. This approach objectively assesses the drug's safety before its further use in veterinary clinical practice. The drug “Kubazol” is a spray for external use solution. 1 ml of the drug contains the active ingredient: birch tar – 40.0 mg – excipients: ethyl acetate, polybutyl methacrylate. The veterinary drug is used for dogs: treatment of animals for skin lesions (wounds, dermatitis, eczema), claw lesions (superficial panaritium, etc.), and postoperative treatment of claws. Horses (sports): treating animals for hoof diseases (corneal arrow suppuration, superficial panaritium), postoperative treatment of hooves. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the drug “Kubazol” (spray for external use, solution) under the conditions of 5-day application to the skin of white mice in doses of 1.0 and 10.0 ml/kg of body weight did not show carcinogenic effects (during microscopic studies, the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes did not have significant deviations from each other and was 0.133–0.150 %, which was within the normal range of 0.2 %). The study of the drug's carcinogenicity for external use based on birch tar opens up new directions for further study of its properties and potential risks. Based on the results obtained, clinical studies are promising. The transition to animal testing considers the data obtained on experimental models for the final confirmation of the drug's safety.
Education and happiness: strategies for achieving happiness in the context of educational policy
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Gilyazova Olga S. , Zamoshchansky Ivan I. ,   Ural Federal University, Zamoshchanskaya Anna N. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: January 2025

The problem and the goal. The topic of the relationship between happiness (wellbeing) and education has
been immanently present in theoretical (philosophical, political, religious) discourse and in pedagogical
practice since antiquity. However, it owes its relevance, first of all, to the value shift from the values of
survival to the values of self-expression and positive education, which, at the same time, contributed to a
bias in the consideration of this topic: The emphasis on the pros of this relationship and underestimation
of its cons. The intention to draw a more balanced picture sets the following aim of the article: to identify
the main strategies for happiness achievement and consider them in the context of educational policy.
Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological background includes comparative and
discourse analysis, philosophical reflection of the ideas of ancient thinkers and modern Russian and foreign
experts in the field of education and happiness, and their connection. The adjusted version of D. Leontiev’s
two-level hedoeudaimonic model of happiness serves as a theoretical framework.
Results. Two main strategies for happiness achievement have been established – the upward game and
the downward game, which the authors, proceeding from M. Joshanloo’s concept, correlate with culturebased concepts of happiness – individualistic (Western) and collectivistic (non-Western). Characteristics
and outcomes of these strategies in closed, liberal and conservative educational systems are presented.
The problem is that these strategies are implemented by educational systems in a primarily hedonic rather
than eudaimonic way, which results in the frustrating nature of the first strategy and the discriminating
(academically unsuccessful and/or low–income students) nature of the second.
Conclusion. The happiness construct plays a multifaceted role as an ideological instrument of
educational policy and, in turn, education plays an equally intricate role in fostering happiness. The
topic under discussion is closely intertwined with problems of cultural specificity, social inequality,
meritocracy and justice.