bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LBMON140 Central Diabetes Insipidus Manifesting After Vasopressin Withdrawal In A Critically Ill Patient
Authors: Patel Toral , Arora Gunjan
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Central diabetes insipidus is a rare clinical entity characterized by a lack of vasopressin secretion from the posterior pituitary. We present a case of central diabetes insipidus manifesting after the withdrawal of vasopressin in a critically ill patient.

Case presentation

A 19 year old female with a history of Hodgkin's Lymphoma treated with chemotherapy was transferred from another medical facility while intubated and sedated for management of severe ARDS. She had undergone extensive infectious workup and the etiology was attributed to COVID-19 pneumonia and or bleomycin toxicity. She was started on Methylprednisolone for management of bleomycin toxicity and suspected organizing pneumonia. During her hospitalization, she developed septic shock for which she received broad spectrum antibiotics and pressor support. On day 12 of her hospitalization, vasopressin was discontinued and within 12 hours, there was a rise in serum sodium from 134 to 146 along with polyuria with dilute urine (daily urine output of ∼6-7 liters, urine osmolality decreased from 771 to 279 and urine specific gravity decreased from 1. 037 to 1. 026). No diuretics were administered and serum glucose was without excursions. With administration of 2 mcg DDAVP, urine osmolality increased by more than 50% from 279 to 497, serum sodium decreased from 146 to 141 and urine specific gravity increased from 1. 004 to 1. 026 confirming the diagnosis of central DI. CT head was negative. MRI brain could not be done due to hemodynamic instability. Endocrinology was consulted and concomitant adrenal insufficiency testing was not sought due to chronic steroid therapy. The dose of DDAVP was titrated to ∼1-2 mcg per day based on serum sodium levels and daily urine output. Approximately 10 days later, Vasopressin was restarted due to hemodynamic instability and with ongoing DDAVP therapy, hyponatremia was noted. Thus, DDAVP was discontinued while on vasopressin. She was continued on vasopressin for the remainder of her hospitalization ∼ 11 more days until she unfortunately passed away.

Discussion

Our patient developed central diabetes insipidus after withdrawal of vasopressin. She continued to require DDAVP for ∼10 days before Vasopressin had to be restarted due to hemodynamic instability, after which DDAVP had to be discontinued due to concern of SIADH. Central diabetes has been linked to critical illness in a transient state driven by depletion of endogenous stores, negative feedback repression and posterior pituitary hypoperfusion. However, our patient continued to require exogenous supplementation. More research is needed in this regard to elucidate the differing etiologies and characteristics of transient versus permanent DI. Critical illness is a rare but extremely important cause of central DI and can quickly prove to be life threatening without timely diagnosis and treatment.

Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
LBMON178 2nd Year Outcomes Of The Open-label Extension Of Chiasma Optimal, A Phase 3 Study Of Oral Octreotide Capsules In Acromegaly
Authors: Samson Susan , Nachtigall Lisa , Fleseriu Maria , Molitch Mark E , Giustina Andrea , Haviv Asi , Biermasz Nienke , Kennedy Laurence , Jensterle Mojca , Manning Patrick , Elenkova Atanaska , Melmed Shlomo , Strasburger Christian J
Published: November 2022

Background

Oral octreotide capsules (OOC) are an approved treatment option in the United States for patients with acromegaly who have previously responded to injectable somatostatin receptor ligands (iSRLs). Safety and efficacy of OOC was demonstrated in the CHIASMA OPTIMAL trial (NCT03252353), showing maintenance of response and a safety profile consistent with iSRLs. Results from the first 48 weeks of the open-label extension (OLE) of this trial suggested that this effect was durable for the long-term.

Objective

Report efficacy and safety through the second year of the OLE.

Methods

Eligible patients had the option to enroll in the OLE of CHIASMA OPTIMAL following the double-blind placebo-controlled (DPC) period. Endpoints in the second year of the OLE were exploratory, including: the proportion of patients completing week 96 of the OLE, the proportion of responders entering year 2 who remained responders of those with evaluable data (response defined as average Insulin-like growth factor I [IGF-I] ≤1. 0 × upper limit of normal [ULN] at last 2 visits between weeks 84-96), and changes in IGF-I and growth hormone (GH) from OLE baseline to OLE week 96 in those completing the DPC period on study drug.

Results

Thirty-two patients from the core period (DPC groups: n=14, placebo; n=18, OOC) entered year 2 of the OLE and 31 (97%) completed. OOC dose at the start of year 2 was 40 mg/d, n=3; 60 mg/d, n=8; and 80 mg/d, n=21. For patients who had non-missing data response rate at 96 weeks was 100% (17/17) for patients who entered year 2 as responders, and 93% (27/29) for patients overall. Mean IGF-I for patients from the OOC group who completed the DPC period on study drug (n=14) was 0.81 × ULN at baseline of OLE and 0.78 × ULN at week 96, (change, −0. 03 × ULN). Mean GH (n=12) was 0.43 ng/mL and 0.44 ng/mL at baseline and week 96, respectively (change, 0. 01 ng/mL). For patients who completed the DPC period on placebo (n=8), mean IGF-I was 1. 05 and 0.77 × ULN at OLE baseline and week 96, respectively (change, −0.28); mean GH (n=5) was 1. 06 and 0.34 ng/mL at OLE baseline and week 96, respectively (change, −0.72 ng/mL). Median exposure to OOC was 2.1 years, with exposure >3 years for 5 patients. Throughout the OLE period, 50% of patients experienced adverse events (AEs), with no serious AEs. One patient discontinued treatment due to an AE (headache). The safety profile was consistent with that reported for OOC; no new patterns were observed with increased exposure.

Conclusion

Maintenance of biochemical response with OOC was durable up to 96 weeks. The safety profile of OOC was consistent with that of iSRLs. No new safety signals were observed with increased exposure duration.

Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
LBODP074 Autoimmune Hypophysitis: Diagnosis Beyond Imaging
Authors: Gonzalez Juanita , Monsalve Claudia , Aguilar Carolina , Aristizabal Natalia , Torres Jose Luis , Pompey Nestor Alfonso Lopez , Vargas Laura Valentina Estupiñan , Ramos Andres Felipe Garcia , Buenaventura Daisy , Ramirez Alex , Vargas Hernando , Herrera Sebastian
Published: November 2022

Background

Lymphocytic (LH) or autoimmune hypophysitis (AH) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the hypophyseal gland, often miss-diagnosed. LH is predominant in females, occasionally related with other rheumatic disorders (1-20%). The disease can lead to pituitary dysfunction and symptoms of hypopituitarism, the most affected axes are the ACTH and TSH. Definitive diagnosis of AH can be based only on pathological examination of a pituitary biopsy sample but such invasive procedure is seldom needed. Different imaging modalities, especially MRI, can be useful but up to 30% can be unremarkable, thus clinical manifestations and biochemical evaluation is of great importance in guiding the diagnosis. Hormonal replacement therapy is the main treatment strategy. Immunosuppressive drugs are indicated by the severity of the symptoms and the underlying autoimmune disease.

Clinical Case

A 36 year old patient with active lupus and Sjogren disease presented to the emergency department with syncope and hypotension preceded by a 6 month history of intense fatigue. She did not take any steroids in the 6 months prior. Initial tests were consistent with secondary adrenal insufficiency; low plasma cortisol (<1ug/dl n 5-23 ug/dl) and ACTH-concentrations below detection (< 4 ng/l), central hypothyroidism; abnormal low TSH (0. 04uU/ml n 0.4-4.5 uU/ml) and low free T4 (0.56 ng/dl n 0.8-2 ng/dl), and growth hormone deficiency (IGF1 below age and sex normal values). Craneal CT and pituitary MRI didn't show any anomaly. Based on symptoms, clinical context and test results the pressumtive diagnosis was AH related to her lupus. The patient was treated with hydrocortisone and levothyroxine with excellent response and complete resolution of her symptoms. Clinical Lesson: This case demonstrates that hypophysitis is a clinical entity that can be suspected and treated based on clinical and past medical history even in the context of normal imaging were an invasive procedure such as a biopsy would likely not change the final outcome.

Presentation: No date and time listed
Human pre-60S assembly factors link rRNA transcription to pre-rRNA processing
Authors: McCool Mason A. , Buhagiar Amber F. , Bryant Carson J. , Ogawa Lisa M. , Abriola Laura , Surovtseva Yulia V. , Baserga Susan J.
Published: November 2022

In eukaryotes, the nucleolus is the site of ribosome biosynthesis, an essential process in all cells. While human ribosome assembly is largely evolutionarily conserved, many of the regulatory details underlying its control and function have not yet been well-defined. The nucleolar protein RSL24D1 was originally identified as a factor important for 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis. In addition, the PeBoW (BOP1–PES1–WDR12) complex has been well-defined as required for pre-28S rRNA processing and cell proliferation. In this study, we show that RSL24D1 depletion impairs both pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) transcription and mature 28S rRNA production, leading to decreased protein synthesis and p53 stabilization in human cells. Surprisingly, each of the PeBoW complex members is also required for pre-rRNA transcription. We demonstrate that RSL24D1 and WDR12 coimmunoprecipitate with the RNA polymerase I subunit, RPA194, and regulate its steady-state levels. These results uncover the dual role of RSL24D1 and the PeBoW complex in multiple steps of ribosome biogenesis, and provide evidence implicating large ribosomal subunit biogenesis factors in pre-rRNA transcription control.
As Wages Increase, Do People Work More or Less? A Wage Frame Effect
Authors: Shen Luxi , Hirshman Samuel D.
Published: November 2022

In jobs in which workers have the flexibility to decide how much work to supply, such as in the gig economy, the effect of a wage change on work supply can be hard to predict. A wage increase offers workers the opportunity to make more money. At the same time, it allows them to make money faster, so they can enjoy more leisure and do not need to work as much. Economic theory alone does not predict which outcome is more likely to occur, and the empirical evidence is also mixed. This paper provides some psychological insights into this economic problem by showing that the short-term effect of a wage change on work supply depends on how the change is framed. Given a current wage of “work l hours to earn $m,” a pay-change frame (“work the same l hours and earn $M”) facilitates a change in work supply in the same direction as the wage change, whereas a load-change frame (“work L hours and earn the same $m”) facilitates the opposite change. Hence, if strategically framed, a wage decrease can elicit the same increase in work supply as a wage increase. A set of studies demonstrate this wage frame effect on both actual work performance and expressed willingness to work. The findings from these studies offer a behavioral perspective on a classic labor economics problem, document a novel framing effect for the judgment and decision-making literature, and suggest a nudge strategy that managers and policy makers can use in incentive designs.

This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: The research of L. Shen was supported by the Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee of Hong Kong [Grant GRF 14501317]. The research of S. D. Hirshman was supported by the Center for Research on Consumer Financial Decision Making, the University of Colorado Leeds School of Business, and The Research Council of Norway (FAIR, project 262675).

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4591 .
Integer Factorization: Why Two-Item Joint Replenishment Is Hard
Authors: Schulz Andreas S. , Telha Claudio
Published: November 2022

Joint replenishment problems constitute an important class of models in inventory management. They exhibit aspects of possible coordination among multiple products to save costs. Their computational complexity had been open even if there are just two products that need to be synced. In “Integer factorization: Why two-item joint replenishment is hard,” Schulz and Telha present a simple framework based on integer factorization to establish the computational hardness of two variants of the joint replenishment problem with two items. Whereas difficult to solve in practice and not believed to be solvable in polynomial time, integer factorization is not as difficult as NP-complete problems. The authors show that a similar technique can be used to show even the NP-completeness of one variant of the joint replenishment problem (again with just two items).
Extensive Research and Evaluation of Electro-Organic Synthesis of Nanomaterials
Authors: G. Malathi G. Malathi , Valliammai C. Thillaiyadi , Mahamuni Rahul Ratnakar , Sreenivasulu Anthati , J. Madhusudhanan J. Madhusudhanan , Ahamed M.I. Niyas
Published: November 2022

Electricity is being used more directly and artificially than before. Working in a lab with a stronger synthetic emphasis enables the deployment of fresh ideas as well as ones that have been revived from earlier attempts in a wider range of situations. The amount of waste is decreased by using only electrons as reagents. Regenerating stoichiometric reagents in the correct molecular ratio can help electro catalytic catalysis. While minimizing waste is important, doing so also results in quicker and easier processes, gentler transitions, and the availability of more options, such as structural entities and IP space. Regenerative electricity can be used to give a terminal oxidizer or reducing agent that is extremely sustainable, which makes it a very alluring technology. Future electricity will be variable and plentiful, which will be very advantageous for value-added chemicals. The efficient conversion of renewable bio-based feedstocks serves as the first example of how contemporary electro-organic technologies can replace complex conventional processes. A new wave of sustainable chemistry will emerge if these obstacles are removed. This article takes a look at some recent developments in electrochemical synthesis that will undoubtedly affect how the discipline develops in the future.
Biogenic Synthesis of Copper oxide and Zinc oxide Nanoparticles using Catharanthus roseus L. flower extract and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: M. Kavitha M. Kavitha , K. Shenbagam K. Shenbagam , Kanmani R.
Published: November 2022

Inorganic nano-metal oxides may be efficient replacements for organic antibiotics that are drug-resistant due to their wide range antibacterial activity towards pathogenic and mutagenic bacterial species. In this work, zinc and copper oxide nanoparticles were produced using Catharanthus roseus flower extract. It is a feasible alternative to other techniques because the biosynthesized nanomaterials made from plant extract are non-toxic and harmless to the environment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) investigations were achieved to confirm CuO and ZnO nanoparticles produced. In the DPPH experiment, the antioxidant properties of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles performed well. Gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms are both effectively combatted by the produced copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles. The findings suggest that CuO nanoparticles were more effective towards microorganisms than ZnO nanoparticles.
Closed midshaft clavicle fractures
Authors: Khoriati Al-Achraf , Fozo Zien A. , Al-Hilfi Lena , Tennent Duncan
Published: November 2022

Aims

The management of mid-shaft clavicle fractures (MSCFs) has evolved over the last three decades. Controversy exists over which specific fracture patterns to treat and when. This review aims to synthesize the literature in order to formulate an appropriate management algorithm for these injuries in both adolescents and adults.

Methods

This is a systematic review of clinical studies comparing the outcomes of operative and nonoperative treatments for MSCFs in the past 15 years. The literature was searched using, PubMed, Google scholar, OVID Medline, and Embase. All databases were searched with identical search terms: mid-shaft clavicle fractures (± fixation) (± nonoperative).

Results

Using the search criteria identified, 247 studies were deemed eligible. Following initial screening, 220 studies were excluded on the basis that they were duplicates and/or irrelevant to the research question being posed. A total of 27 full-text articles remained and were included in the final review. The majority of the meta-analyses draw the same conclusions, which are that operatively treated fractures have lower nonunion and malunion rates but that, in those fractures which unite (either operative or nonoperative), the functional outcomes are the same at six months.

Conclusion

With regard to the adolescent population, the existing body of evidence is insufficient to support the use of routine operative management. Regarding adult fractures, the key to identifying patients who benefit from operative management lies in the identification of risk factors for nonunion. We present an algorithm that can be used to guide both the patient and the surgeon in a joint decision-making process, in order to optimize patient satisfaction and outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(11):850–858.
November 2022 Medical Image of the Month: COVID-19 Infection Presenting as Spontaneous Subcapsular Hematoma of the Kidney
Authors:   Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, IL USA, Dey1 Kally , Punatar Shil , Sarguroh Tauseef
Published: November 2022

No abstract available. Manuscript truncated after 150 words. A 57-year-old woman with pertinent medical history of hypertension presented to the emergency department with 3 days of right sided lower abdominal pain radiating to the flank, associated with nausea and nonbloody, nonbilious emesis. She reported recent travel to Florida where she visited amusement parks, but only rode small children’s rides with no experienced physical trauma. She experienced fatigue and chills 5 days prior to presentation and tested positive for SARS-CoV2 virus on admission. She had been vaccinated for COVID-19 x3 (Moderna). No other significant history nor medications were noted, and review of systems was otherwise unremarkable. Urinalysis demonstrated mild ketonuria (20), proteinuria (100) and moderate hematuria on urinalysis while BUN and creatinine remained stable at baseline throughout. Physical examination confirmed costovertebral angle tenderness to the right side. CT abdomen revealed an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade 3 right renal subcapsular hematoma with 2.1 cm laceration …
Rotary bi-layer ring-shaped metamaterials for reconfiguration absorbers: publisher’s note
Authors: Van Long Le , Tung Nguyen Hoang , Giang Trinh Thi , Son Pham Thanh , Tung Nguyen Thanh , Tung Bui Son , Khuyen Bui Xuan , Lam Vu Dinh
Published: November 2022

This publisher’s note corrects errors in Appl. Opt.
61, 9078 (2022)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.471949.
Visualization of localized facet Joule heating induced optical degradation on mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Wang Siyi , Xu Chao , Tam Man Chun , Vaillancourt Kailyn , Wasilewski Zbigniew , Wei Lan , Ban Dayan
Published: November 2022

Reversible lasing performance degradation is investigated on an uncoated actively- biased GaAs/Al0.45Ga0.55As mid-infrared quantum cascade laser (MIR-QCL) facet. The surface temperature rises (ΔT) on the MIR QCL are characterized before and after the device undergoes an accelerated aging burn-in test, followed by hydrogen plasma treatment. The data is visualized by spatially resolved time-domain thermoreflectance (SR-TDTR) microscopy. On the laser facet, ΔT decreases with a drop in lasing performance and ΔT increases with an increase in lasing performance. Along the laser cavity, the thermal property change is negligible before and after the aging test, independent of the optical performance change. The results verify that thermal-induced facet oxidation is the main reason for the rapid degradation of the lasing performance in the early aging stage.
Method for demodulating the overlapping absorption spectra of CO and CH4
Authors: Zhao Xiaohu , Sun Pengshai , Zhang Zhirong , Wang Qianjin , Wu Bian , Pang Tao , Xia Hua , Guo Qiang , Sun Miao
Published: November 2022

When measuring the concentrations of individual gases in gas mixtures via laser absorption spectroscopy, the widening of adjacent absorption spectral lines can cause them to overlap, which hinders the calculation of the gas concentrations. In this study, the causes of this hindrance are analyzed. By using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) algorithm, the relative error in the measured CO concentration for a mixture of CO and CH4 gases was less than 10% even when the volume ratio VCH4/CO (The ratio of CH4 gas concentration to CO gas concentration) reached 100. These results show that the PLS algorithm is able to determine accurate concentrations even with significant broadening and interference of spectral lines in mixed gases.
Low-complexity full-field ultrafast nonlinear dynamics prediction by a convolutional feature separation modeling method
Authors: Yang Hang , Zhao Haochen , Niu Zekun , Pu Guoqing , Xiao Shilin , Hu Weisheng , Yi Lilin
Published: November 2022

The modeling and prediction of the ultrafast nonlinear dynamics in the optical fiber are essential for the studies of laser design, experimental optimization, and other fundamental applications. The traditional propagation modeling method based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) has long been regarded as extremely time-consuming, especially for designing and optimizing experiments. The recurrent neural network (RNN) has been implemented as an accurate intensity prediction tool with reduced complexity and good generalization capability. However, the complexity of long grid input points and the flexibility of neural network structure should be further optimized for broader applications. Here, we propose a convolutional feature separation modeling method to predict full-field ultrafast nonlinear dynamics with low complexity and strong generalization ability with high accuracy, where the linear effects are firstly modeled by NLSE-derived methods, then a convolutional deep learning method is implemented for nonlinearity modeling. With this method, the temporal relevance of nonlinear effects is substantially shortened, and the parameters and scale of neural networks can be greatly reduced. The running time achieves a 94% reduction versus NLSE and an 87% reduction versus RNN without accuracy deterioration. In addition, the input pulse conditions, including grid point numbers, durations, peak powers, and propagation distance, can be generalized accurately during the predicting process. The results represent a remarkable improvement in ultrafast nonlinear dynamics prediction and this work also provides novel perspectives of the feature separation modeling method for quickly and flexibly studying the nonlinear characteristics in other fields.
Maximization or leveling: characterization of the trade-offs for the transmission throughput in ultrawideband optical transmission
Authors: Vasylchenkova Anastasiia , Sillekens Eric , Killey Robert I. , Bayvel Polina
Published: November 2022

In ultrawideband transmission, the overall noise comes from the amplification, fiber properties at different wavelengths, and stimulated Raman scattering, and its impact on channels across transmission bands is different. This requires a range of methods to mitigate the noise impact. Performing channel-wise power pre-emphasis and constellation shaping, one can compensate for the noise tilt and attain maximum throughput. In this work, we study the trade-off between the goals of maximizing the total throughput and leveling the transmission quality for different channels. We use an analytical model for multi-variable optimization and identify the penalty from constraining the mutual information variation.
Net 400-Gbps/λ IMDD transmission using a single-DAC DSP-free transmitter and a thin-film lithium niobate MZM
Authors: Berikaa Essam , Alam Md Samiul , Plant David V.
Published: November 2022

The insatiable growth of datacenter traffic mandates increasing the capacity of cost-effective intensity modulation direct detection (IMDD) systems to meet the foreseen demand. This Letter demonstrates the first, to the best of our knowledge, single-digital-to-analog converter (DAC) IMDD system achieving a net 400-Gbps transmission using a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM). Employing a driver-less DAC channel (128 GSa/s, 800 mVpp) with neither pulse-shaping nor pre-emphasis filtering, we transmit (1) 128-Gbaud PAM16 below the 25% overhead soft-decision forward error correction (SD-FEC) bit error rate (BER) threshold and (2) 128-Gbaud probabilistically shaped (PS)-PAM16 under the 20% overhead SD-FEC threshold, which respectively correspond to record net rates of 410 and 400 Gbps for single-DAC operation. Our results highlight the promise of operating 400-Gbps IMDD links with reduced digital signal processing (DSP) complexity and driving swing requirements.
Tunable infrared upconversion module for the 1.9 to 5.5 µm range
Authors: Tidemand-Lichtenberg Peter , Aagaard Martin , Ashik A. S. , Pedersen Christian , Julsgaard Brian
Published: November 2022

In this Letter, an efficient tunable upconversion module is demonstrated and characterized. The module combines high conversion efficiency and low noise with broad continuous tuning, covering the spectroscopically important range from 1.9 to 5.5 µm. A fully computer-controlled, compact, portable system is presented and characterized in terms of efficiency, spectral coverage, and bandwidth, using simple globar illumination. The upconverted signal is in the 700–900 nm range, ideal for Si-based detection systems. The output from the upconversion module is fiber coupled, enabling flexible connection to commercial NIR detectors or NIR spectrometers. In order to cover the spectral range of interest using periodically poled LiNbO3 as the nonlinear material, poling periods ranging from 15 to 23.5 µm are needed. The full spectral coverage is reached using a stack of four fanned poled crystals, enabling maximal upconversion efficiency of any spectral signature of interest in the 1.9 to 5.5 µm range.
2.79-µm efficient acousto-optic Q switched Er,Cr:YSGG laser with an LiNbO3 crystal modulator
Authors: Jiang Ling-Ling , Wu Zhong-Chao , Cheng Ting-Qing , Jiang HaiHe
Published: November 2022

We fabricate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, acousto-optic Q switch in the 3-micron wavelength range using a longitudinal acoustic mode in a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystal. The device is designed based on properties of the crystallographic structure and material to obtain a high diffraction efficiency close to the theoretical prediction. The effectiveness of the device is verified by application in an Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 2.79 µm. The maximum diffraction efficiency reached 57% at the radio frequency of 40.68 MHz. At the repetition rate of 50 Hz, the maximum pulse energy was 17.6 mJ and the corresponding pulse width was 55.2 ns. The effectiveness of bulk LiNbO3 as an acousto-optic Q switch is verified for the first time.
Fast auto-alignment underwater wireless optical communications employing orbital angular momentum modes
Authors: Cai Cheng-Kun , Zhao Yi-Fan , Zhang Jie-Ying , Wang Lu-Lu , Wang Jian
Published: November 2022

Underwater wireless communication plays an increasingly important role in more and more emerging ocean activities. Underwater wireless optical communication is a potential underwater communication technology with the advantages of high communication rate, large information capacity, and high bandwidth, but its ability to resist environmental turbulence is challenged. Different from free space optical communication, in underwater optical communication, turbulence not only directly affects the beam transmission, but also influences the transceiver, causing severe mechanical vibration of the transceivers, thus interfering with the optical communication link. At present, the research on mechanical vibration underwater has not received much attention. Hence, we propose and demonstrate fast auto-alignment underwater wireless optical communications employing orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. The fast auto-alignment system is used to against the mechanical vibration. Two OAM modes multiplexing transmission link with 4-Gbit/s aggregate capacity is demonstrated in the experiment under four different vibration conditions assisted by the fast auto-alignment system with a response time of 244 Hz. After the fast auto-alignment system, the vibrations under for conditions are all greatly reduced to maintain a stable link. The demonstrations may open up new perspective to robust stable underwater wireless optical communications exploiting spatial modes in practical environment.
Strength-dependent perturbation of whole-brain model working in different regimes reveals the role of fluctuations in brain dynamics
Authors: Sanz Perl Yonatan , Escrichs Anira , Tagliazucchi Enzo , Kringelbach Morten L. , Deco Gustavo
Published: November 2022

Despite decades of research, there is still a lack of understanding of the role and generating mechanisms of the ubiquitous fluctuations and oscillations found in recordings of brain dynamics. Here, we used whole-brain computational models capable of presenting different dynamical regimes to reproduce empirical data’s turbulence level. We showed that the model’s fluctuations regime fitted to turbulence more faithfully reproduces the empirical functional connectivity compared to oscillatory and noise regimes. By applying global and local strength-dependent perturbations and subsequently measuring the responsiveness of the model, we revealed each regime’s computational capacity demonstrating that brain dynamics is shifted towards fluctuations to provide much-needed flexibility. Importantly, fluctuation regime stimulation in a brain region within a given resting state network modulates that network, aligned with previous empirical and computational studies. Furthermore, this framework generates specific, testable empirical predictions for human stimulation studies using strength-dependent rather than constant perturbation. Overall, the whole-brain models fitted to the level of empirical turbulence together with functional connectivity unveil that the fluctuation regime best captures empirical data, and the strength-dependent perturbative framework demonstrates how this regime provides maximal flexibility to the human brain.
Trace elements concentration in blood of nesting Kemp’s Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) at Rancho Nuevo sanctuary, Tamaulipas, Mexico
Authors: Zavala-Félix Kevin Alan , Reyes-López Miguel Angel , Camacho-Sánchez Fátima Yedith , Acosta-Sánchez Héctor Hugo , Hart Catherine E. , Zavala-Norzagaray Alan A. , Leal-Sepúlveda Valeria , Leal-Moreno Renato , Espinoza-Romo Brenda Aracely , Aguirre A. Alonso , Ley-Quiñónez César P.
Published: November 2022

The concentrations of trace elements including As, Zn, Cu, Se, Pb, Hg and Cd, were determined in the blood of nesting Kemp’s ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) at Rancho Nuevo sanctuary, Tamaulipas, Mexico during 2018–2020. The sequential concentrations analyzed were Zn> Se> Cu> As> Pb; while Cd and Hg concentrations were below the limits of detection (0.01 μg g-1). No significant differences were observed between the concentrations of trace elements (p> 0.05) by year, except Se levels, possibly resulting from recorded seasonal differences in turtle size. No relationships among turtle size vs elements concentration were observed. In conclusion, essential and toxic trace elements concentrations in the blood of nesting Kemp’s ridley turtles may be a reflex of the ecosystem in which the turtles develop, that is, with low bioavailability of elements observed in the trophic webs in the Gulf of Mexico.
Integrated analysis of doubly disadvantaged neighborhoods by considering both green space and blue space accessibility and COVID-19 infection risk
Authors: Liu Dong , Kwan Mei-Po
Published: November 2022

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has taken a heavy toll on the physical and mental health of the public. Nevertheless, the presence of green and blue spaces has been shown to be able to encourage physical activities and alleviate the mental distress caused by COVID-19. However, just as the impact of COVID-19 varies by geographical region and area, the distribution of green and blue spaces is also different across different neighborhoods and areas. By using Hong Kong as the study area, we determine the local neighborhoods that suffer from both high COVID-19 infection risk as well as low green and blue space accessibility. The results show that some of the poorest neighborhoods in the territory such as Sham Shui Po, Kwun Tong and Wong Tai Sin are also among the most doubly disadvantaged in terms of COVID-19 infection risk as well as green and blue space accessibility.
Genetic associations with resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii in guava (Psidium sp.) using cross-genera SNPs and comparative genomics to Eucalyptus highlight evolutionary conservation across the Myrtaceae
Authors: Fernandes Santos Carlos Antonio , Rodrigues da Costa Soniane , Silva Boiteux Leonardo , Grattapaglia Dario , Silva-Junior Orzenil Bonfim
Published: November 2022

Tropical fruit tree species constitute a yet untapped supply of outstanding diversity of taste and nutritional value, barely developed from the genetics standpoint, with scarce or no genomic resources to tackle the challenges arising in modern breeding practice. We generated a de novo genome assembly of the Psidium guajava, the super fruit “apple of the tropics”, and successfully transferred 14,268 SNP probesets from Eucalyptus to Psidium at the nucleotide level, to detect genomic loci linked to resistance to the root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne enterolobii derived from the wild relative P. guineense. Significantly associated loci with resistance across alternative analytical frameworks, were detected at two SNPs on chromosome 3 in a pseudo-assembly of Psidium guajava genome built using a syntenic path approach with the Eucalyptus grandis genome to determine the order and orientation of the contigs. The P. guineense-derived resistance response to RKN and disease onset is conceivably triggered by mineral nutrients and phytohormone homeostasis or signaling with the involvement of the miRNA pathway. Hotspots of mapped resistance quantitative trait loci and functional annotation in the same genomic region of Eucalyptus provide further indirect support to our results, highlighting the evolutionary conservation of genomes across genera of Myrtaceae in the adaptation to pathogens. Marker assisted introgression of the resistance loci mapped should accelerate the development of improved guava cultivars and hybrid rootstocks.
Evaluation of the virtual learning environment by school students and their parents in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic after school closure
Authors: Hegazi Moustafa Abdelaal , Butt Nadeem Shafique , Sayed Mohamed Hesham , Zubairi Nadeem Alam , Alahmadi Turki Saad , El-Baz Mohamed Saad , Atwah Ali Fahd , Altuwiriqi Mohammad Ahmed , Saeedi Fajr Adel , Abdulhaq Nada Mansour , Almurashi Saleh Huwidi
Published: November 2022

Background

Very few previous studies have involved school students or their parents in the evaluation of virtual learning environment (VLE). Thus, this survey was performed to evaluate the satisfaction of both school students and their parents with the VLE in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was distributed online for VLE evaluation. The questionnaire was based on previous studies and expert opinions from validated instruments for assessing distance education, integrative and literature reviews of VLE environment. A median value >3 indicated participant satisfaction in each of the 5 domains of the questionnaire as well as overall VLE satisfaction. The used questionnaire was checked after its implementation by all possible statistical means and it was found to be of acceptable validity and reliability.

Results

Six hundred and ninety-three participants including 571 Saudi citizens and 122 non-Saudi residents participated in this survey. The number of school students who agreed or strongly agreed were significantly lower than the number of students who disagreed or strongly disagreed with preferring the VLE over traditional education (p<0.001). The participants evaluated the VLE experience as unsatisfactory with a median value ≤3 for 4 out of 5 questionnaire domains with an overall satisfaction value of 2.8. Among the 117 participants who gave further written opinions/comments, 42(35.9%) participants supported the VLE as an alternative to traditional classrooms, if equipment and internet are made available and for the safety of their children.

Conclusions

This is one of few available adequate population-based studies for exploring the VLE satisfaction of both Saudi citizens and non-Saudi residents school students and their parents. This study showed the participants’ unsatisfactory VLE experience. The VLE is accepted as an alternative to traditional classrooms to keep up with learning and to maintain the safety of children and it can be a supplementary learning method but many measures are still needed to develop the VLE.
Early life events in functional abdominal pain disorders in children
Authors: Karunanayake Amaranath , Devanarayana Niranga Manjuri , Rajindrajith Shaman
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are common gastrointestinal problems in children, and the pathophysiology is thought to be multifactorial. Adverse early life events (ELE) induce alterations in the central nervous system, perhaps predisposing individuals to develop FAPDs. We aimed to study the potential adverse ELE that are associated with FAPDs.

Methods

We steered a school-based survey involving 1000 children from 4 randomly selected schools. FAPDs were assessed using the translated Rome III questionnaire, and ELE were identified using a pre-tested, parental questionnaire. FAPDs were diagnosed using the Rome III criteria.

Results

Hundred and eighty-two (182) children had FAPDs (62.1% girls, mean age 8.5, SD 2.1). ELE of them were compared with 571 children without FAPDs (51.1% girls, mean age 8.8, SD 1.9). According to the binary logistic regression analysis, family members with abdominal pain, family member with chronic pain other than abdominal pain, prenatal maternal complications and interventional deliveries, were recognized as potential risk factors for the development of FAPDs. Breast feeding over two years has shown to reduce the prevalence of FAPDs.a.

Conclusions

Prenatal maternal medical problems are associated a with higher prevalence of FAPDs later in life. Prolonged breastfeeding and normal vaginal delivery could be considered as factors that reduce the vulnerability of developing FAPDs in children. Therefore, minimizing pregnancy-related complications, encouraging vaginal deliveries, and encouraging breastfeeding are potentially valuable measures to prevent FAPDs during childhood.
Thermal effect on curved photovoltaic panels: Model validation and application in the Tabuk region
Authors: Badi Nacer , Theodore Azemtsop Manfo , Alghamdi Saleh A. , Alatawi Ayshah S. , Almasoudi Adnan , Lakhouit Abderrahim , Roy Aashis S. , Ignatiev Alex
Published: November 2022

This paper aimed to investigate the temperature effect on photovoltaic (PV) cell parameters. The PV cell parameters such as series and parallel resistances, diode ideality factor, and diode saturation current, are not considered in the reported stepwise modeling. The present work aims to improve available models used in the modeling and simulation of PV modules to support the researcher and power project developer. All the required temperature-dependent parameters are determined to model the simulated PV module with high accuracy using Simulink/MATLAB software. To validate the method, a 36-cell-50W solar panel with different radii of curvature is set up to assess solar power outputs under varying irradiance and temperature conditions. For the present application, the Tabuk region (Saudi Arabia) is chosen based on its location and climatic conditions. The method provided conformity to the measured power outputs for varying Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and temperature conditions. The maximum power output of the PV module increases from 14.4 W to 25.8 W when the received solar power density varies from 307 W/m2to 526 W/m2depending on the level of curvature starting from a semi-cylindrical shape to a vaulted shape to a flat shape. The curved PV module shows slightly higher power variation with temperature as compared to the flat one. Above 25°C, the power output is about 20% less at a maximum temperature of 65°C. When the temperature drops below 25°C, the power outputs increase about 6% and 11.5% for corresponding temperatures of 15°C and 5°C, respectively.
The Global Jukebox: A public database of performing arts and culture
Authors: Wood Anna L. C. , Kirby Kathryn R. , Ember Carol R. , Silbert Stella , Passmore Sam , Daikoku Hideo , McBride John , Paulay Forrestine , Flory Michael J. , Szinger John , D’Arcangelo Gideon , Bradley Karen Kohn , Guarino Marco , Atayeva Maisa , Rifkin Jesse , Baron Violet , El Hajli Miriam , Szinger Martin , Savage Patrick E.
Published: November 2022

Standardized cross-cultural databases of the arts are critical to a balanced scientific understanding of the performing arts, and their role in other domains of human society. This paper introduces the Global Jukebox as a resource for comparative and cross-cultural study of the performing arts and culture. The Global Jukebox adds an extensive and detailed global database of the performing arts that enlarges our understanding of human cultural diversity. Initially prototyped by Alan Lomax in the 1980s, its core is the Cantometrics dataset, encompassing standardized codings on 37 aspects of musical style for 5,776 traditional songs from 1,026 societies. The Cantometrics dataset has been cleaned and checked for reliability and accuracy, and includes a full coding guide with audio training examples (https://theglobaljukebox.org/?songsofearth). Also being released are seven additional datasets coding and describing instrumentation, conversation, popular music, vowel and consonant placement, breath management, social factors, and societies. For the first time, all digitized Global Jukebox data are being made available in open-access, downloadable format (https://github.com/theglobaljukebox), linked with streaming audio recordings (theglobaljukebox.org) to the maximum extent allowed while respecting copyright and the wishes of culture-bearers. The data are cross-indexed with the Database of Peoples, Languages, and Cultures (D-PLACE) to allow researchers to test hypotheses about worldwide coevolution of aesthetic patterns and traditions. As an example, we analyze the global relationship between song style and societal complexity, showing that they are robustly related, in contrast to previous critiques claiming that these proposed relationships were an artifact of autocorrelation (though causal mechanisms remain unresolved).
Predicting physiologically-relevant oxygen concentrations in precision-cut liver slices using mathematical modelling
Authors: Chidlow S. J. , Randle L. E. , Kelly R. A.
Published: November 2022

Precision cut liver slices represent an encouraging ex vivo method to understand the pathogenesis of liver disease alongside drug induced liver injury. Despite being more physiologically relevant compared to in vitro models, precision cut liver slices are limited by the availability of healthy human tissue and experimental variability. Internal oxygen concentration and media composition govern the longevity and viability of the slices during the culture period and as such, a variety of approaches have been taken to maximise the appropriateness of the internal oxygen concentrations across the slice. The aim of this study was to predict whether it is possible to generate a physiologically relevant oxygen gradient of 35-65mmHg across a precision cut liver slice using mathematical modelling. Simulations explore how the internal oxygen concentration changes as a function of the diameter of the slice, the position inside the well and the external incubator oxygen concentration. The model predicts that the desired oxygen gradient may be achieved using a 5mm diameter slice at atmospheric oxygen concentrations, provided that the slice is positioned at a certain height within the well of a 12-well plate.
Ancient Lowland Maya neighborhoods: Average Nearest Neighbor analysis and kernel density models, environments, and urban scale
Authors: Thompson Amy E. , Walden John P. , Chase Adrian S. Z. , Hutson Scott R. , Marken Damien B. , Cap Bernadette , Fries Eric C. , Guzman Piedrasanta M. Rodrigo , Hare Timothy S. , Horn Sherman W. , Micheletti George J. , Montgomery Shane M. , Munson Jessica , Richards-Rissetto Heather , Shaw-Müller Kyle , Ardren Traci , Awe Jaime J. , Brown M. Kathryn , Callaghan Michael , Ebert Claire E. , Ford Anabel , Guerra Rafael A. , Hoggarth Julie A. , Kovacevich Brigitte , Morris John M. , Moyes Holley , Powis Terry G. , Yaeger Jason , Houk Brett A. , Prufer Keith M. , Chase Arlen F. , Chase Diane Z.
Published: November 2022

Many humans live in large, complex political centers, composed of multi-scalar communities including neighborhoods and districts. Both today and in the past, neighborhoods form a fundamental part of cities and are defined by their spatial, architectural, and material elements. Neighborhoods existed in ancient centers of various scales, and multiple methods have been employed to identify ancient neighborhoods in archaeological contexts. However, the use of different methods for neighborhood identification within the same spatiotemporal setting results in challenges for comparisons within and between ancient societies. Here, we focus on using a single method—combining Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) and Kernel Density (KD) analyses of household groups—to identify potential neighborhoods based on clusters of households at 23 ancient centers across the Maya Lowlands. While a one-size-fits all model does not work for neighborhood identification everywhere, the ANN/KD method provides quantifiable data on the clustering of ancient households, which can be linked to environmental zones and urban scale. We found that centers in river valleys exhibited greater household clustering compared to centers in upland and escarpment environments. Settlement patterns on flat plains were more dispersed, with little discrete spatial clustering of households. Furthermore, we categorized the ancient Maya centers into discrete urban scales, finding that larger centers had greater variation in household spacing compared to medium-sized and smaller centers. Many larger political centers possess heterogeneity in household clustering between their civic-ceremonial cores, immediate hinterlands, and far peripheries. Smaller centers exhibit greater household clustering compared to larger ones. This paper quantitatively assesses household clustering among nearly two dozen centers across the Maya Lowlands, linking environment and urban scale to settlement patterns. The findings are applicable to ancient societies and modern cities alike; understanding how humans form multi-scalar social groupings, such as neighborhoods, is fundamental to human experience and social organization.