bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hospital Magnet Status, Unit Work Environment, and Pressure Ulcers
Authors: Ma Chenjuan , Park Shin Hye
Published: October 2015

Purpose

To identify how organizational nursing factors at different structural levels (i.e., unit‐level work environment and hospital Magnet status) are associated with hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) in U.S. acute care hospitals.

Design

A cross‐sectional observational study used data from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators®. Responses from 33,845 registered nurses (RNs) were used to measure unit work environments. The unit of analysis was the nursing unit, and there were 1,381 units in 373 hospitals in the United States.

Methods

Unit work environment was measured by the Practice Environment Scale of Nurse Working Index (PES‐NWI). Multilevel logistic regressions were used to estimate the effects of unit work environment and hospital Magnet status on HAPUs. All models were controlled for hospital and unit characteristics when considering clustering of units within hospitals.

Results

Magnet hospital units had 21% lower odds of having an HAPU than non‐Magnet hospital units (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.98). With one unit increase of the PES‐NWI score, units had 29% lower odds of having an HAPU (95% CI, 0.55‐0.91). When including both hospital Magnet status and unit work environment in the model, hospital Magnet status no longer had a significant effect on HAPUs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.66–1.02), whereas the significant effect of unit work environment persisted (OR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56–0.93).

Conclusions

Both hospital and unit environments were significantly associated with HAPUs, and the unit‐level work environment can be more influential in reducing HAPUs.

Clinical Relevance

Investment in the nurse work environments at both the hospital level and unit level has the potential to reduce HAPUs; and additional to hospital‐level initiatives (e.g., Magnet recognition program), efforts targeting on‐unit work environments deserve more attention.
Discontinuities in the endothelium of epiphyseal cartilage canals and relevance to joint disease in foals
Authors: Hellings Ingunn Risnes , Ekman Stina , Hultenby Kjell , Dolvik Nils Ivar , Olstad Kristin
Published: October 2015

Cartilage canals have been shown to contain discontinuous blood vessels that enable circulating bacteria to bind to cartilage matrix, leading to vascular occlusion and associated pathological changes in pigs and chickens. It is also inconsistently reported that cartilage canals are surrounded by a cellular or acellular wall that may influence whether bacterial binding can occur. It is not known whether equine cartilage canals contain discontinuous endothelium or are surrounded by a wall. This study aimed to examine whether there were discontinuities in the endothelium of cartilage canal vessels, and whether canals had a cellular or acellular wall, in the epiphyseal growth cartilage of foals. Epiphyseal growth cartilage from the proximal third of the medial trochlear ridge of the distal femur from six healthy foals that were 1, 24, 35, 47, 118 and 122 days old and of different breeds and sexes was examined by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry. The majority of patent cartilage canals contained blood vessels that were lined by a thin layer of continuous endothelium. Fenestrations were found in two locations in one venule in a patent cartilage canal located deep in the growth cartilage and close to the ossification front in the 118‐day‐old foal. Chondrifying cartilage canals in allTEM‐examined foals contained degenerated endothelial cells that were detached from the basement membrane, resulting in gap formation. Thirty‐three percent of all canals were surrounded by a hypercellular rim that was interpreted as contribution of chondrocytes to growth cartilage. On LM, 69% of all cartilage canals were surrounded by a ring of matrix that stained intensely eosinophilic and consisted of collagen fibres onTEMthat were confirmed to be collagen type I by immunohistochemistry. In summary, two types of discontinuity were observed in the endothelium of equine epiphyseal cartilage canal vessels: fenestrations were observed in a patent cartilage canal in the 118‐day‐old foal; and gaps were observed in chondrifying cartilage canals in allTEM‐examined foals. Canals were not surrounded by any cellular wall, but a large proportion was surrounded by an acellular wall consisting of collagen type I. Bacterial binding can therefore probably occur in horses by mechanisms that are similar to those previously demonstrated in pigs and chickens.
Marriage Advantages in Perinatal Health: Evidence of Marriage Selection or Marriage Protection?
Authors: Kane Jennifer B.
Published: October 2015

Marriage is a social tie associated with health advantages for adults and their children, as lower rates of preterm birth and low birth weight are observed among married women. In this study the author tested 2 competing hypotheses explaining this marriage advantage—marriage protection versus marriage selection—using a sample of recent births to single, cohabiting, and married women from the National Survey of Family Growth, 2006–2010. Propensity score matching and fixed effects regression results demonstrated support for marriage selection, as a rich set of early life selection factors account for all of the cohabiting–married disparity and part of the single–married disparity. Subsequent analyses demonstrated that prenatal smoking mediates the adjusted single–married disparity in birth weight, lending some support for the marriage protection perspective. The study's findings sharpen our understanding of why and how marriage matters for child well‐being and provide insight into pre‐conception and prenatal factors describing intergenerational transmissions of inequality via birth weight.
Assessment of mitral regurgitation in dogs: comparison of results of echocardiography with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Sargent J. , Connolly D. J. , Watts V. , Mõtsküla P. , Volk H. A. , Lamb C. R. , Luis Fuentes V.
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVES

Echocardiography is used routinely to assess mitral regurgitation severity, but echocardiographic measures of mitral regurgitation in dogs have not been compared with other quantitative methods. The study aim was to compare echocardiographic measures of mitral regurgitation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging‐derived mitral regurgitant fraction in small‐breed dogs.

METHODS

Dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease scheduled for magnetic resonance imaging assessment of neurological disease were recruited. Correlations were tested between cardiac magnetic resonance imaging‐derived mitral regurgitant fraction and the following echocardiographic measures: vena contracta/aortic diameter, transmitral E‐wave velocity, amplitude of mitral prolapse/aortic diameter, diastolic left ventricular diameter:aortic diameter, left atrium:aortic diameter, mitral regurgitation jet area ratio and regurgitant fraction calculated using the proximal isovelocity surface area method.

RESULTS

Measurement of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging‐derived mitral regurgitant fraction was attempted in 21 dogs. Twelve consecutive, complete studies were obtained and 10 dogs were included in the final analysis: vena contracta/aortic diameter (r = 0 · 89, p = 0 · 001) and E‐wave velocity (r = 0 · 86, p = 0 · 001) had the strongest correlations with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging‐derived mitral regurgitant fraction. E velocity had superior repeatability and could be measured in all dogs. The presence of multiple jets precluded vena contracta/aortic diameter measurement in one dog.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Measurement of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging‐derived mitral regurgitant fraction is feasible but technically demanding. The echocardiographic measures that correlated most closely with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging‐derived mitral regurgitant fraction were vena contracta/aortic diameter and E‐wave velocity.
Displaced and forgotten child refugees: A humanitarian crisis
Authors: Murray John S.
Published: October 2015

Purpose

To describe where child refugees are located, the risks they face, leading health problems, and how pediatric healthcare professionals can help.

Conclusions

Children constitute approximately 46% of refugees worldwide. These refugees fled their home countries due to conflict and persecution, and cannot return because of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group.

Practice Implications

Pediatric nurses have an unprecedented opportunity to advocate for child refugees by contributing to the international conversation on the human rights of immigrants.
Predicting Outcome in dogs with Primary Immune‐Mediated Hemolytic Anemia: Results of a Multicenter Case Registry
Authors: Goggs R. , Dennis S.G. , Di Bella A. , Humm K.R. , McLauchlan G. , Mooney C. , Ridyard A. , Tappin S. , Walker D. , Warman S. , Whitley N.T. , Brodbelt D.C. , Chan D.L.
Published: October 2015

Background

Outcome prediction in dogs with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is challenging and few prognostic indicators have been consistently identified.

Objectives

An online case registry was initiated to: prospectively survey canine IMHA presentation and management in the British Isles; evaluate 2 previously reported illness severity scores, Canine Hemolytic Anemia Score (CHAOS) and Tokyo and to identify independent prognostic markers.

Animals

Data from 276 dogs with primary IMHA across 10 referral centers were collected between 2008 and 2012.

Methods

Outcome prediction by previously reported illness‐severity scores was tested using univariate logistic regression. Independent predictors of death in hospital or by 30‐days after admission were identified using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Purebreds represented 89.1% dogs (n = 246). Immunosuppressive medications were administered to 88.4% dogs (n = 244), 76.1% (n = 210) received antithrombotics and 74.3% (n = 205) received packed red blood cells. Seventy‐four per cent of dogs (n = 205) were discharged from hospital and 67.7% (n = 187) were alive 30‐days after admission. Two dogs were lost to follow‐up at 30‐days. In univariate analyses CHAOS was associated with death in hospital and death within 30‐days. Tokyo score was not associated with either outcome measure. A model containing SIRS‐classification, ASA classification, ALT, bilirubin, urea and creatinine predicting outcome at discharge was accurate in 82% of cases. ASA classification, bilirubin, urea and creatinine were independently associated with death in hospital or by 30‐days.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Markers of kidney function, bilirubin concentration and ASA classification are independently associated with outcome in dogs with IMHA. Validation of this score in an unrelated population is now warranted.
The role of genetic factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and iron overload – a prospective series of 234 patients
Authors: Funakoshi Natalie , Chaze Iphigénie , Alary Anne‐Sophie , Tachon Gaëlle , Cunat Séverine , Giansily‐Blaizot Muriel , Bismuth Michael , Larrey Dominique , Pageaux Georges‐Philippe , Schved Jean‐François , Donnadieu‐Rigole Hélène , Blanc Pierre , Aguilar‐Martinez Patricia
Published: October 2015

Background & Aims

Iron overload (IO) in HFE‐related hereditary haemochromatosis is associated with increased risk of liver cancer. This study aimed to investigate the role of other genes involved in hereditary IO among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Patients with HCC diagnosed in our institution were included in this prospective study. Those with ferritin levels ≥300 μg/L (males) or ≥200 μg/L (females) and/or transferrin saturation ≥50% (males) or ≥45% (females) had liver iron concentration (LIC) evaluated by MRI. HFE C282Y and H63D mutations were screened. Genetic analyses of genes involved in hereditary IO (HFE, HJV/HFE2, HAMP, TFR2, SLC40A1, GNPAT) were performed in patients with increased LIC.

Results

A total of 234 patients were included; 215 (92%) had common acquired risk factors of HCC (mainly alcoholism or chronic viral hepatitis). 119 patients had abnormal iron parameters. Twelve (5.1%) were C282Y homozygotes, three were compound C282Y/H63D heterozygotes. LIC was measured by MRI in 100 patients. Thirteen patients with a LIC>70 μmol/g were enrolled in further genetic analyses: two unrelated patients bore the HAMP:c.‐153C>T mutation at the heterozygous state, which is associated with increased risk of IO and severe haemochromatosis. Specific haplotypes of SLC40A1 were also studied.

Conclusions

Additional genetic risk factors of IO were found in 18 patients (7.7%) among a large series of 234 HCC patients. Screening for IO and the associated at‐risk genotypes in patients who have developed HCC, is useful for both determining etiologic diagnosis and enabling family screening and possibly primary prevention in relatives.
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND THE USE OF NORMATIVE PUBLIC VALUES: CAN EMPLOYEES BE INSPIRED TO SERVE LARGER PUBLIC PURPOSES?
Authors: PANDEY SANJAY K. , DAVIS RANDALL S. , PANDEY SHEELA , PENG SHUYANG
Published: October 2015

This article asks whether and how transformational leadership in the public sector can influence the use of normative public values in organizational decisions. We focus on transformational leadership's influence on three core normative public values (representation, equity, and individual rights). The extent to which public organizations and their employees emphasize normative public values in their decision‐making can signal important messages to external stakeholders about respect for and responsiveness to all citizens, valuing citizens from different walks of life equally, and respect for constitutionally guaranteed rights. We propose a model in which transformational leadership has a direct influence (infusing) and an indirect influence (convincing others) on employee use of public values in organizational decision‐making. Empirical tests provide support for the proposed model, with the indirect influence (convincing others) providing a stronger impetus. The article concludes with a discussion of the results and implications.
MULTILEVEL POLICY ENFORCEMENT: INNOVATIONS IN HOW TO ADMINISTER LIBERALIZED GLOBAL MARKETS
Authors: HEIDBREDER EVA G.
Published: October 2015

Multilevel governance that spans beyond traditional hierarchical steering within states creates new policy enforcement challenges because it involves autonomous administrations of different jurisdictions in a single administrative act. Scrutinizing concrete new coordination tools, the article aims at conceptualizing coordination strategies and instruments to overcome structural problems in multilevel policy execution and trans‐boundary administration. The empirical findings on instrument innovation in the European Union highlight the increased strategic promotion of horizontal administrative coordination. The functioning logic and autonomy‐preserving character of such vertical coordination makes it a potential solution to functionally equivalent enforcement challenges on the global scale, exemplified by the administrative implementation of international trade agreements.
Genomic selection in biparental populations: assessment of parameters for optimum estimation set design
Authors: Marulanda Jose J. , Melchinger Albrecht E. , Würschum Tobias
Published: October 2015

The prediction accuracy in genomic selection is affected by complex interactions of molecular, genetic and phenotypic factors. Despite the extensive use of biparental populations for empirical‐ and simulation‐based studies, the highly variable prediction accuracies produced by cross‐validation have not been further investigated. Understanding factors correlated with the variability in prediction accuracy could provide new insights for estimation set (ES) design. In this study, we employed simulations and show that parameters derived from marker data are not associated with prediction accuracy within biparental populations and, therefore, cannot serve as tool for optimum ES design. In contrast, the phenotypic variance in the ES is a major factor correlated with prediction accuracy. In particular, for estimation sets of small size, a large phenotypic variance probably ensures that more quantitative trait loci are segregating in the ES which consequently allows a better marker effect estimation. While the ES phenotypic variance is not known beforehand, we discuss approaches how prediction accuracy could nevertheless be maximized for small estimation sets, towards a more efficient implementation of genomic selection within biparental families in plant breeding.
Are Conservatives Really More Simple‐Minded than Liberals? The Domain Specificity of Complex Thinking
Authors: Conway Lucian Gideon , Gornick Laura Janelle , Houck Shannon C. , Anderson Christopher , Stockert Jennifer , Sessoms Diana , McCue Kevin
Published: October 2015

Prior research suggests that liberals are more complex than conservatives. However, it may be that liberals are not more complex in general, but rather only more complex on certain topic domains (while conservatives are more complex in other domains). Four studies (comprised of over 2,500 participants) evaluated this idea. Study 1 involves the domain specificity of a self‐report questionnaire related to complexity (dogmatism). By making only small adjustments to a popularly used dogmatism scale, results show that liberals can be significantly more dogmatic if a liberal domain is made salient. Studies 2–4 involve the domain specificity of integrative complexity. A large number of open‐ended responses from college students (Studies 2 and 3) and candidates in the 2004 Presidential election (Study 4) across an array of topic domains reveals little or no main effect of political ideology on integrative complexity, but rather topic domain by ideology interactions. Liberals are higher in complexity on some topics, but conservatives are higher on others. Overall, this large dataset calls into question the typical interpretation that conservatives are less complex than liberals in a domain‐general way.
N1 and P2 to words and wordlike stimuli in late elementary school children and adults
Authors: Coch Donna , Meade Gabriela
Published: October 2015

In an investigation of the development of fine‐tuning for word processing across the late elementary school years as indexed by the posterior N1 and P2 components of the ERP waveform, third, fourth, and fifth graders and a comparison group of adults viewed words, pseudowords, nonpronounceable letter strings, and false font strings in a semantic categorization task. In adults, N1 was larger to and P2 was later to words as compared to pseudowords, a finely tuned effect of lexicality reflecting specialization for word processing. In contrast, in each group of children, N1 was larger to letter strings than false font strings and P2 was larger to false font strings than letter strings, reflecting coarse encoding for orthography. In regression analyses, scores on standardized behavioral test measures of orthographic knowledge, decoding skill, and fluency predicted N1 amplitude; these effects were not significant with age included as a separate predictor. None of the behavioral scores, in models including or not including age, predicted P2 amplitude. In direct comparisons between groups, there were multiple differences between the child and adult groups for both N1 and P2 amplitude effects, and only a single significant difference between two child groups. Overall, the findings suggest a lengthy developmental time course for the fine‐tuning of early word processing as indexed by N1 and P2.
A Three‐factor Structure of Emotion Understanding in Third‐grade Children
Authors: Castro Vanessa L. , Halberstadt Amy G. , Garrett‐Peters Patricia
Published: October 2015

Theoretical conceptualizations of emotion understanding generally imply a two‐factor structure comprised of recognition of emotional expressions and understanding emotion‐eliciting situations. We tested this structure in middle childhood and then explored the unique predictive value of various facets of emotion understanding in explaining children's socioemotional competence. Participants were 201 third‐grade children and their mothers. Children completed five different measures, which provided eight distinct indices of emotion understanding. Mothers completed two questionnaires assessing children's socioemotional skills and problems. Results indicated that: (a) emotion understanding in third‐grade children was differentiated into three unique factors: Prototypical Emotion Recognition, Prototypical Emotion Knowledge, and Advanced Emotion Understanding, (b) skills within factors were modestly related, (c) factors varied in complexity, supporting theoretical and empirical models detailing developmental sequencing of skills, and (d) skills in Prototypical Emotion Knowledge were uniquely related to mothers’ reports of third‐grade children's socioemotional competence. Implications regarding elementary‐school‐age children's social cognitive development are discussed.
New Carboniferous fossils of Spilapteridae enlighten postembryonic wing development in Palaeodictyoptera
Authors: PROKOP JAKUB , NEL ANDRÉ , ENGEL MICHAEL S. , PECHAROVÁ MARTINA , HÖRNSCHEMEYER THOMAS
Published: October 2015

A new palaeodictyopterid nymphBizarrea obscuragen.n.etsp.n.(Spilapteridae) and a new adult specimen ofHomaloneuracf.dabasinskasiCarpenter are described from thePennsylvanian (Moscovian) ironstone nodules ofMazonCreek (IL,U.S.A.). Both taxa share enlarged prothoracic lobes (interpreted by some as winglets), heteronomous meso‐ and metathoracic wing pads or wings, a slender abdomen with pointed laterotergites, and a unique division of the abdominal segments by two transverse sulci. An alternative hypothesis for the placement ofBizarreawithinHomoiopteridae is considered on the basis of its large body size and relatively short wing pads. Based on the morphology of the new material, postembryonic development of wing pads inPalaeodictyoptera (Palaeodictyopterida) is reconsidered. Detailed investigation of the abdominal segments, including examination by scanning electron microscopy, reveals the presence of subcircular, sclerotized structures partially covered at the bases of the nymphal laterotergites I–VII, ?VIII. Based on their position and shape, these structures are interpreted as abdominal spiracles, and thus a terrestrial or semiaquatic habitat for these immatures is hypothesized. Moreover, our discovery of the same, supposedly homologous structures in the enigmaticVogesonymphidae (Permoplectoptera), from theMiddleTriassic ofGrès àVoltzia inFrance, is evidence for the parallel coexistence of ancestrally terrestrial and derived aquatic lineages ofEphemerida (Ephemeropterida) in earlyMesozoic ecosystems.

This published work has been registered in ZooBank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A7270D99‐5B48‐4EAC‐AEB8‐EFB8A9F55FBD.
Central diabetes insipidus following cardiopulmonary arrest in a dog
Authors: Bellis Tara , Daly Meredith , Davidson Benjamin
Published: October 2015

Objective

To describe a clinical case of transient central diabetes insipidus (CDI) occurring post cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in a dog.

Case Summary

An 8‐week‐old dog presented for intensive care after successful resuscitation following CPA. The patient exhibited neurologic deficits at initial presentation and over the following days developed marked polyuria, isosthenuria, and low urine osmolality. Treatment with synthetic vasopressin resulted in a reduction in urine output, increase in urine specific gravity (>50%), and increase in urine osmolality, suggesting a diagnosis of partial CDI. Clinical signs resolved over the following weeks and treatment was discontinued.

New or Unique Information Provided

CPA has been described as a cause of ischemic injury to the pituitary gland resulting in CDI in people. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a dog developing transient partial CDI following CPA and successful resuscitation.
Dressing with epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles for wound regeneration
Authors: Lin Yu‐Hsin , Lin Jui‐Hsiang , Li Tzong‐Shiun , Wang Shih‐Hao , Yao Chun‐Hsu , Chung Wan‐Yu , Ko Tse‐Hao
Published: October 2015

Several reagents have been studied to overcome the problems encountered with antiseptic use, such as moderate cutaneous wound cytotoxicity and skin thinning. We successfully prepared a gelatin/chitosan/epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticle incorporated in a poly(γ‐glutamic acid)/gelatin hydrogel, which comprised activated carbon fibers with gentamicin, to fabricate a sandwiched dressing to enhance wound regeneration. The inner layer of activated carbon fibers with gentamicin was designed to prevent bacterial infection, and the outer layer of gelatin/chitosan/epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles incorporated in a poly(γ‐glutamic acid)/gelatin hydrogel was designed to prevent inflammation and facilitate reepithelialization. An in vitro study demonstrated that the dressing effectively inhibited target microorganisms, and scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope indicated that the nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed and migrated into the hydrogel. The in vivo study reported that the sandwiched dressing, comprising the poly(γ‐glutamic acid)/gelatin hydrogel, was easy to remove from the wound and facilitated wound tissue regeneration and accelerated healing process.
Normalized Knock Intensity Determination Based on the Knock Sensor Analysis to Have a Fixed Detection Threshold at Different Operating Conditions
Authors: Momeni Movahed Mohammad , Basirat Tabrizi Hassan , Mostafa Agha Mirsalim Seyed
Published: October 2015

Processing the knock sensor's signal is the most common approach for knock detection in series production vehicles. Filtration, rectification, and integration in a defined knock window (KW) are main steps to compute the standard knock intensity (SKI). The SKI strongly depends on the engine operating conditions. In this study, a novel model is proposed based on the knock sensor analysis to determine the normalized knock intensity (NKI) with much less dependency on the operating conditions, cylinder numbers (CNs), and KW. Implementing the proposed normalization model, a fixed detection threshold can be used for knock detection at all operating conditions. To verify the model, an accurate knock detection method based on cylinder pressure analysis is utilized, which comprises intensity calculation and a novel technique for detection threshold determination. Experimental results at all operating conditions show a square of correlation coefficient greater than 0.7 when the knock intensity from the presented model is compared with the reference cylinder pressure based method. In addition, the model detects all heavy knocking cycles and there is no wrongly detected knocking combustion.
Image Acquisition and Image Processing Algorithms for Movement Analysis of Bearing Cages
Authors: Abele Eberhard , Holland Lars , Nehrbass Alexander
Published: October 2015

Movement analyses of ball bearings with regard to stable and unstable cage motion behavior are often conducted by simulations, typically by investigating the cage whirl. Some experimental studies exist in which the cage is modified in order to capture its movement with sensors. This paper presents an image-based approach for investigating the cage motion without modifications, which in turn allows a cage motion analysis of an angular contact ball bearing under operation condition. Two new image evaluation algorithms are presented in detail and their suitability is verified by experiments on a bearing test rig.
Validation of Cardiac Output as Reported by a Permanently Implanted Wireless Sensor
Authors: Tree Michael , White Jason , Midha Prem , Kiblinger Samantha , Yoganathan Ajit
Published: October 2015

The CardioMEMS heart failure (HF) system was tested for cardiac output (CO) measurement accuracy using an in vitro mock circulatory system. A software algorithm calculates CO based on analysis of the pressure waveform as measured from the pulmonary artery, where the CardioMEMS system resides. Calculated CO was compared to that from reference flow probe in the circulatory system model. CO measurements were compared over a clinically relevant range of stroke volumes and heart rates with normal, pulmonary hypertension (PH), decompensated left heart failure (DLHF), and combined DHLF + PH hemodynamic conditions. The CardioMEMS CO exhibited minimal fixed and proportional bias.
Design and Fabrication of a Disposable Dental Handpiece for Clinical Use of a New Laser-Based Therapy-Monitoring System
Authors: Rugg Amanda L. , Nelson Leonard Y. , Timoshchuk Mari-Alina I. , Seibel Eric J.
Published: October 2015

Dental caries, the breakdown of tooth enamel by bacteria infection that causes cavities in the enamel, is the most common chronic disease in individuals 6–19 years of age in the U.S. Optical detection of caries has been shown to be sensitive to the presence of bacteria and the resulting demineralization of enamel. The scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) is a miniature camera system that can detect early stages of caries by performing high-quality imaging and laser fluorescence spectroscopy with 405 nm excitation. Because optical imaging of caries does not involve radiation risk, repeated imaging of the teeth is acceptable during treatment of the bacterial infection to monitor healing. A disposable handpiece was designed and fabricated to position the flexible fiber optic SFE probe for quantitative measurements. Plastic 3D-printed handpiece prototypes were tested with the SFE and a fluorescence calibration standard to verify mechanical fit and absence of signal contamination. Design feedback was provided by pediatric dentists and staff engineers to guide iterations. The final design configuration was based on the need to image interproximal regions (contact surfaces between adjacent teeth), ergonomics, and probe safety. The final handpiece design: (1) is safe for both the patient and the probe, (2) allows easy SFE insertion and removal, (3) does not interfere with spectral measurements, (4) standardizes the SFE's positioning during imaging by maintaining a consistent distance from the target surface, and (5) is significantly less expensive to produce and use than purchasing sanitary endoscope sheaths. The device will be used to help determine if new medicinal therapies can arrest caries and repair early interproximal demineralization under the clinical monitoring program. Ultimately, we anticipate that this handpiece will help us move closer toward widespread implementation of a dental diagnostic laser system that is safer and more sensitive than conventional methods for early caries detection.
New Metrics for Validation of Data-Driven Random Process Models in Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Xu Hongyi , Jiang Zhen , Apley Daniel W. , Chen Wei
Published: October 2015

Data-driven random process models have become increasingly important for uncertainty quantification (UQ) in science and engineering applications, due to their merit of capturing both the marginal distributions and the correlations of high-dimensional responses. However, the choice of a random process model is neither unique nor straightforward. To quantitatively validate the accuracy of random process UQ models, new metrics are needed to measure their capability in capturing the statistical information of high-dimensional data collected from simulations or experimental tests. In this work, two goodness-of-fit (GOF) metrics, namely, a statistical moment-based metric (SMM) and an M-margin U-pooling metric (MUPM), are proposed for comparing different stochastic models, taking into account their capabilities of capturing the marginal distributions and the correlations in spatial/temporal domains. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of the two proposed metrics by comparing the accuracies of four random process models (Gaussian process (GP), Gaussian copula, Hermite polynomial chaos expansion (PCE), and Karhunen–Loeve (K–L) expansion) in multiple numerical examples and an engineering example of stochastic analysis of microstructural materials properties. In addition to the new metrics, this paper provides insights into the pros and cons of various data-driven random process models in UQ.
Lung deformations and radiation‐induced regional lung collapse in patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Diot Quentin , Kavanagh Brian , Vinogradskiy Yevgeniy , Garg Kavita , Gaspar Laurie , Miften Moyed
Published: October 2015

Purpose:

To differentiate radiation‐induced fibrosis from regional lung collapse outside of the high dose region in patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung tumors.

Methods:

Lung deformation maps were computed from pre‐treatment and post‐treatment computed tomography (CT) scans using a point‐to‐point translation method. Fifty anatomical landmarks inside the lung (vessel or airway branches) were matched on planning and follow‐up scans for the computation process. Two methods using the deformation maps were developed to differentiate regional lung collapse from fibrosis: vector field and Jacobian methods. A total of 40 planning and follow‐ups CT scans were analyzed for 20 lung SBRT patients.

Results:

Regional lung collapse was detected in 15 patients (75%) using the vector field method, in ten patients (50%) using the Jacobian method, and in 12 patients (60%) by radiologists. In terms of sensitivity and specificity the Jacobian method performed better. Only weak correlations were observed between the dose to the proximal airways and the occurrence of regional lung collapse.

Conclusions:

The authors presented and evaluated two novel methods using anatomical lung deformations to investigate lung collapse and fibrosis caused by SBRT treatment. Differentiation of these distinct physiological mechanisms beyond what is usually labeled “fibrosis” is necessary for accurate modeling of lung SBRT‐induced injuries. With the help of better models, it becomes possible to expand the therapeutic benefits of SBRT to a larger population of lung patients with large or centrally located tumors that were previously considered ineligible.
Sparking Curiosity: How Do You Know What Your Students Are Thinking?
Authors: Adams Wendy K. , Willis Courtney
Published: October 2015

People find it easier to learn about topics that interest them. Recent neuroscience research has demonstrated that memory is improved when learning material about which we are curious. Therefore teaching in the context of what students are interested in should result in improved learning. How do we figure out what our students are curious about? What are they thinking? In this paper we will share techniques that we use in our teaching to determine what our students are highly motivated to learn. Data demonstrating increased interest in physics over the course of the term as well as student learning will also be shared.
Two Mirrors: Infinite Images of DiCaprio
Authors: Fadeev Pavel
Published: October 2015

Movies are mostly viewed for entertainment. Mixing entertainment and physics gets students excited as we look at a famous movie scene from a different point of view. The following is a link to a fragment from the 2010 motion picture “Inception”: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3tBBhYJeAw. The following problem, based on images in facing mirrors from that movie, was given to high school students studying geometric objects.
On Atwood's Machine with a Nonzero Mass String
Authors: Tarnopolski Mariusz
Published: October 2015

Let us consider a classical high school exercise concerning two weights on a pulley and a string, illustrated in Fig. 1(a). A system like this is called an Atwood's machine and was invented by George Atwood in 1784 as a laboratory experiment to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration. Nowadays, Atwood's machine is used for didactic purposes to demonstrate uniformly accelerated motion with acceleration arbitrarily smaller than the gravitational acceleration g. The simplest case is with a massless and frictionless pulley and a massless string. With little effort one can include the mass of the pulley in calculations. The mass of a string has been incorporated previously in some considerations and experiments. These include treatments focusing on friction, justifying the assumption of a massless string, incorporating variations in Earth's gravitational field, comparing the calculated value of g based on a simple experiment, taking the mass of the string into account in such a way that the resulting acceleration is constant, or in one exception solely focusing on a heavy string, but with a slightly different approach. Here we wish to provide i) a derivation of the acceleration and position dependence on the weights' masses based purely on basic dynamical reasoning similar to the conventional version of the exercise, and ii) focus on the influence of the string's linear density, or equivalently its mass, on the outcome compared to a massless string case.
Tissue residency of innate lymphoid cells in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs
Authors: Gasteiger Georg , Fan Xiying , Dikiy Stanislav , Lee Sue Y. , Rudensky Alexander Y.
Published: October 2015

Establishing a longtime residency

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a subset of immune cells that promote barrier immunity in tissues such as the gut and lungs and help to maintain immune homeostasis. Gasteiger
et al.
investigated how the body maintains its pools of ILCs in such peripheral tissues, as well as in immune tissues such as the lymph nodes and the spleen. In mice surgically joined to share their bloodstreams, unlike lymphocytes, most ILCs did not circulate through the blood. Instead, ILCs resided long term in tissues, even in the face of inflammation or infection.

Science
, this issue p.
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Draft Genome Sequences of Acinetobacter parvus CM11, Acinetobacter radioresistens CM38, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BR12, Isolated from Murine Proximal Colonic Tissue
Authors: Saffarian Azadeh , Mulet Céline , Naito Tomoaki , Bouchier Christiane , Tichit Magali , Ma Laurence , Grompone Gianfranco , Sansonetti Philippe J. , Pédron Thierry
Published: October 2015

Here, we report three genome sequences of bacteria isolated from murine proximal colonic tissue and identified as
Acinetobacter parvus
CM11,
Acinetobacter radioresistens
CM38, and
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
BR12.
Genome Sequences of Poaceae-Associated Gemycircularviruses from the Pacific Ocean Island of Tonga
Authors: Male Maketalena F. , Kami Viliami , Kraberger Simona , Varsani Arvind
Published: October 2015

We sampled and analyzed 43 Poaceae plants from the Pacific Ocean island of Tonga for the presence of circular DNA viruses. From these samples, we recovered three gemycircularvirus genomes, which share >99% identity, from
Brachiaria deflexa
(
n
= 2) and sugarcane (
n
= 1). These genomes share <61% genome-wide identity with other gemycircularvirus sequences in public databases.
Genome Sequence of a Urease-Positive Campylobacter lari Strain
Authors: Meinersmann Richard J. , Bono James L. , Lindsey Rebecca L. , Genzlinger Linda L. , Loparev Vladimir N. , Oakley Brian B.
Published: October 2015

Campylobacter lari
is frequently isolated from shore birds and can cause illness in humans. Here, we report the draft whole-genome sequence of a urease-positive strain of
C. lari
that was isolated in estuarial water on the coast of Delaware, USA.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Animal and Human Pathogen
Malassezia pachydermatis
Strain CBS 1879
Authors: Triana Sergio , González Andrés , Ohm Robin A. , Wösten Han A. B. , de Cock Hans , Restrepo Silvia , Celis Adriana
Published: October 2015

Malassezia pachydermatis
is a basidiomycetous yeast that causes infections in humans and animals. Here, we report the genome sequence of
Malassezia pachydermatis
strain CBS 1879, which will facilitate the study of mechanisms underlying pathogenicity of the only non-lipid-dependent
Malasezzia
species.
Complete Genome Sequence of Klebsiella variicola Strain HKUOPLA, a Cellulose-Degrading Bacterium Isolated from Giant Panda Feces
Authors: Lu Matthew Guan-Xi , Jiang Jingwei , Liu Lirui , Ma Angel Po-Yee , Leung Frederick Chi-Ching
Published: October 2015

We report here the complete genome sequence of
Klebsiella variicola
strain HKUOPLA, isolated from a giant panda feces sample collected from Ocean Park, Hong Kong. The complete genome of this bacterium may contribute toward the discovery of efficient cellulose-degrading pathways.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Mishmarhaemek Isolated from Bovine Feces
Authors: Cooper Ashley , Lambert Dominic , Koziol Adam G. , Seyer Karine , Carrillo Catherine D.
Published: October 2015

Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Mishmarhaemek is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium implicated in human clinical disease. Here, we report a 4.8-Mbp draft genome sequence of a nalidixic acid-resistant isolate of
S.
serovar Mishmarhaemek.
Co-occurrence of developmental and behavioural problems in moderate to late preterm-born children
Authors: Potijk Marieke R , de Winter Andrea F , Bos Arend F , Kerstjens Jorien M , Reijneveld Sijmen A
Published: October 2015

Objective

To determine the occurrence of emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) in moderate to late preterm (MLP) and full-term children with developmental delay.

Design

Participants were recruited from 13 randomly selected preventive child healthcare (PCH) centres in the Netherlands. We included 903 MLP children of 32–36 weeks’ gestation and 538 full-term controls, born between January 2002 and June 2003. Parents completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) shortly before the scheduled PCH visit at 4 years of age. Co-occurrence was defined as: ASQ total or domain score >2 SDs below the mean and a CBCL score >84th percentile on total problems, internalising (emotional) or externalising (behavioural) problems.

Results

EBP were more prevalent among MLP children with abnormal ASQ total problems scores than among full-term children, particularly regarding externalising problems (33.8% vs 23.8%). In MLP children, rates of EBP differed per developmental domain and were highest for the domains problem-solving (36.0% had externalising problems, 95% CI 24.1% to 49.9%) and personal-social skills (38.7% had internalising problems, 95% CI 26.4% to 52.8%). The risk of any type of co-occurrence was higher for MLP than for full-term children (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.14 to 3.03). Independent risk factors for co-occurrence were male gender, low socioeconomic status and young maternal age.

Conclusions

Up to 39% of 4-year-old MLP children with developmental delay also have EBP, indicating that increased awareness of EBP is warranted in MLP children with developmental delay. Further research is needed to determine whether early detection of co-occurring problems results in better long-term health.
Candida albicansosteomyelitis as a cause of chest pain and visual loss
Authors: Magano Rita , Cortez Joana , Ramos Evelise , Trindade Luís
Published: October 2015

Candida albicansosteomyelitis is a rare disease that occurs in immunocompromised individuals, sometimes with a late diagnosis related to the mismatch between symptoms and candidemia. This case refers to a 36-year-old male patient with a history of oesophageal surgery for achalasia with multiple subsequent surgeries and hospitalisation in the intensive care unit for oesophageal fistula complication. Four months after discharge, the patient was admitted to the infectious diseases department with pain in the 10th–12th left ribs, swelling of the 4th–6th costal cartilage and decreased visual acuity. An MRI study showed thickening and diffuse enhancement, with no defined borders in the cartilage and ribs, compatible with infection. After performing a CT-guided bone biopsy, isolatedC. albicanssensitive to antifungal agents was detected. The patient started therapy with liposomal amphotericin B and maintenance fluconazole for 6 months and showed clinical and radiological improvement within this time.
Deep brain stimulation complicated by bilateral large cystic cavitation around the leads in a patient with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Jagid Jonathan , Madhavan Karthik , Desai Neel , Bregy Amade , Desai Mehul , Ruiz Armando , Quencer Robert , Landy Howard J
Published: October 2015

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an approved and effective therapy for patients suffering from advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Several clinical trials have indicated significant motor function improvement in patients undergoing subthalamic nucleus stimulation. This therapy is, rarely, associated with complications, mostly related to infections, seizures or stimulation-induced side effects. We report a case of a 71-year-old man with a 10-year history of PD who underwent bilateral placement of subthalamic nucleus DBS. As a complication, the patient showed subjective postoperative cognitive decline, and subsequent MRI showed peri-lead oedema, which progressed to large cystic cavitation around the leads without indication of infection. The patient received steroid therapy and the cavitations regressed without surgical intervention.
Cost trajectories from the final life year reveal intensity of end-of-life care and can help to guide palliative care interventions
Authors: von Wyl Viktor , Telser Harry , Weber Andreas , Fischer Barbara , Beck Konstantin
Published: October 2015

Objective

Exploration of healthcare utilisation patterns in the final life year to assess palliative care potential.

Methods

Retrospective cluster analyses (k-means) of anonymised healthcare expenditure (HCE) trajectories, derived from health insurance claims of a representative sample of Swiss decedents who died between 2008 and 2010 (2 age classes: 4818 <66 years, 22 691 elderly).

Results

3 (<66 years) and 5 (elderly) trajectory groups were identified, whose shapes were dominated by HCE from inpatient care in hospitals and at nursing homes. In each age class, the most expensive group (average cumulative HCE for <66 years: SFr 84 295; elderly: SFr 84 941) also had the largest abundance of cancers (<66 years: 55%; elderly: 32%) and showed signs of continued treatment intensification until shortly before death. Although sizes of these high-cost groups were comparatively small (26% in younger; 6% in elderly), they contributed substantially to the end-of-life HCE in each age class (62% and 18%, respectively).

As age increased, these potential target groups for palliative care gained in share among <66-year olds (from 9% in children to 28% in 60–65-year olds), but decreased from 17% (66–70-year olds) to 1% (>90-year olds) among elderly.

Conclusions

Cost trajectory clustering is well suited for first-pass population screenings of groups that warrant closer inspection to improve end-of-life healthcare allocation. The Swiss data suggest that many decedents undergo intensive medical treatment until shortly before death. Investigations into the clinical circumstances and motives of patients and physicians may help to guide palliative care.
Benazepril in dogs with asymptomatic mitral valve disease
Authors: Brennan Marnie , Stavisky Jenny
Published: October 2015

BestBETs for Vets are generated by the Centre for Evidence‐based Veterinary Medicine at the University of Nottingham to help answer specific questions and assist in clinical decision making. Although evidence is often limited, they aim to find, present and draw conclusions from the best available evidence, using a standardised framework. A more detailed description of how BestBETs for Vets are produced was published in Veterinary Record earlier this year (VR, April 4, 2015, vol 176, pp 354‐356)