bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Efficient Esterification of Alkylphosphonic Acids Using Polymer‐Bound Triphenylphosphine.
Authors: Purohit Ajay Kumar , Pardasani Deepak , Tak Vijay , Kumar Ajeet , Jain Rajeev , Dubey Devendra Kumar
Published: September 2012

A convenient procedure is developed for the synthesis of dialkyl phosphonates from alkylphosphonic acids and primary alcohols under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of [(Arylselanyl)alkyl]‐1,2,3‐triazoles by Copper‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of (Arylselanyl)alkynes with Benzyl Azides.
Authors: Saraiva Maiara T. , Seus Natalia , de Souza Diego , Rodrigues Oscar E. D. , Paixao Marcio W. , Jacob Raquel G. , Lenardao Eder J. , Perin Gelson , Alves Diego
Published: September 2012

The method allows the approach to a broad spectrum of target compounds, which are of high interest due to the biologically important selenium and triazole units.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Ozonolysis Pattern for 28‐Oxo‐2,3‐indoloallobetulin.
Authors: Kazakova O. B. , Khusnutdinova E. F. , Lobov A. N. , Zvereva T. I. , Legostaeva Yu. V. , Tolstikov G. A. , Khrustalev V. N.
Published: September 2012

Ozonolysis of 2,3‐indolotriterpenoids such as (I) is shown to be a new approach to 4‐hydroxyquinolino‐A‐nortriterpenoids.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient, Divergent Synthesis of Cryptophycin Unit A Analogues (IX)
Authors: Bolduc Kyle L. , Larsen Scott D. , Sherman David H.
Published: September 2012

based on Ir‐catalyzed enantioselective crotylation and chemoselective one‐pot oxidative olefination to access key intermediate (V)
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxy Glycals
Authors: Qian Bin , You Qi‐Dong
Published: September 2012

via oxidative elimination of thioglycosides (I) with dioxane‐bromine complex and DMAP
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of C5‐Substituted‐(1,3‐diyne)‐2′‐deoxyuridines.
Authors: Sari Ozkan , Roy Vincent , Balzarini Jan , Snoeck Robert , Andrei Graciela , Agrofoglio Luigi A.
Published: September 2012

Fourteen hitherto unknown title compounds are synthesized using a Ni—Cu cocatalyzed C‐H activation of two terminal alkynes as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl 2,4,6‐Trihydroxybenzoate Is an Agonistic Ligand for Liver X Receptor that Induces Cholesterol Efflux from Macrophages Without Affecting Lipid Accumulation in HepG2 Cells.
Authors: Hoang Minh‐Hien , Jia Yaoyao , Jun Hee‐jin , Lee Ji‐Hae , Lee Dong‐Ho , Hwang Bang‐Yeon , Kim Woo‐Jin , Lee Hak‐Ju , Lee Sung‐Joon
Published: September 2012

Ester (I), isolated from C.biondii, displays LXR agonist activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Physical Characterization and Reactivity of the Uranyl Peroxide [UO2(η2‐O2) (H2O)2]·2H2O: Implications for Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuels.
Authors: Mallon Colm , Walshe Aurora , Forster Robert J. , Keyes Tia E. , Baker Robert J.
Published: September 2012

The title compound, a phase alteration product of spent nuclear fuel, is characterized by solid state cyclic voltammetry and Raman spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 2‐(Aminoalkyl)isoindoline‐1,3‐dione Derivatives as Dual‐Binding Site Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors.
Authors: Ignasik Michalina , Bajda Marek , Guzior Natalia , Prinz Michaela , Holzgrabe Ulrike , Malawska Barbara
Published: September 2012

Most of the synthesized compounds show acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity with derivatives (I) as the most promising candidates, which also inhibit β‐amyloid plaque formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification, Optimization and in vivo Evaluation of Oxadiazole DGAT‐1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes.
Authors: McCoull William , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

An oxadiazole amide high throughput screening leads to the discovery of a novel series of diacylglycerol acyl transferase‐1 inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and SAR of Selective Small Molecule Neuropeptide Y Y2 Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Mittapalli Gopi Kumar , Vellucci Danielle , Yang Jun , Toussaint Marion , Brothers Shaun P. , Wahlestedt Claes , Roberts Edward
Published: September 2012

Structure—activity relationship exploration of a high throughput screening hit leads to the discovery of the highly potent NPY Y2 antagonists CYM 9484 (Ia) and CYM 9552 (Ib), possessing inhibition concentration values in the lower nanomolar range.
ChemInform Abstract: Developments in Nanostructured LiMPO4 (M: Fe, Co, Ni, Mn) Composites Based on Three Dimensional Carbon Architecture
Authors: Dimesso L. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bi‐Phasic Nanostructures for Functional Applications
Authors: Veith Michael , Lee Juseok , Martinez Miro Marina , Akkan C. Kaan , Dufloux Cecile , Aktas O. Cenk
Published: September 2012

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Metal Nanoparticles Embedded on Metal—Organic Frameworks
Authors: Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: September 2012

Review: 167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Assembly of One Dimensional Inorganic Nanostructures into Functional 2D and 3D Architectures. Synthesis, Arrangement and Functionality
Authors: Joshi Ravi K. , Schneider Joerg J.
Published: September 2012

Review: 417 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High Surface Area Crystalline Titanium Dioxide: Potential and Limits in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Catalysis
Authors: Froeschl T. , Hoermann U. , Kubiak P. , Kucerova G. , Pfanzelt M. , Weiss C. K. , Behm R. J. , Huesing N. , Kaiser U. , Landfester K. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

Review: 396 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt, Rhodium and Iridium
Authors: Smith Martin B.
Published: September 2012

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese, Technetium and Rhenium
Authors: West Andrew J.
Published: September 2012

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Actinides
Authors: Cotton S. A.
Published: September 2012

Review: literature of 2011; 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaline and Alkaline Earth Metals
Authors: Hill Michael S.
Published: September 2012

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modeling Catalytic Growth of One‐Dimensional Nanostructures
Authors: Tam Eugene , Ostrikov Kostya , Murphy Tony
Published: September 2012

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in CaSO4 Oxygen Carrier for Chemical‐Looping Combustion (CLC) Process
Authors: Guo Qingjie , Zhang Jianshe , Tian Hongjing
Published: September 2012

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin and Lead
Authors: Parr Jonathan
Published: September 2012

Review: literature overview 2011; 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Noble Gases
Authors: Schrobilgen Gary J. , Brock David S.
Published: September 2012

Review: literature overview 2011; 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tumor Targeting in Photodynamic Therapy. From Glycoconjugated Photosensitizers to Glycodendrimeric One. Concept, Design and Properties
Authors: Ballut Severine , Makky Ali , Chauvin Benoit , Michel Jean‐Philippe , Kasselouri Athena , Maillard Philippe , Rosilio Veronique
Published: September 2012

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solubility Improvements in Aromatic Polyimides by Macromolecular Engineering
Authors: Ghosh Anindita , Sen Suman Kumar , Banerjee Susanta , Voit Brigitte
Published: September 2012

Review: [279 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Oxidative Transpositions of Allylic Alcohols in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Luzzio Frederick A.
Published: September 2012

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Methods in Synthesis of Cyclic Oligonucleotides and Analogues
Authors: Gaglione Maria , Di Fabio Giovanni , Messere Anna
Published: September 2012

Review: 219 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Novel Molecular Architectures from Anthracene Units and Acetylene Linkers
Authors: Toyota Shinji
Published: September 2012

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylene—Ethynylene Macrocycles: Privileged Shape‐Persistent Building Blocks for Organic Materials
Authors: Gross Dustin E. , Zang Ling , Moore Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2012

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternatives to Free Molecular Halogens as Chemoselective Reactants: Catalysis of Organic Reactions with Reusable Complexes of Halogen Metal Salts
Authors: Rossi Laura I. , Velasco Manuel I.
Published: September 2012

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Hydroboration of Enamines
Authors: Goralski Christian T. , Singaram Bakthan
Published: September 2012

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lessons from Natural Products Chemistry Can Offer Novel Approaches for Synthetic Chemistry in Drug Discovery
Authors: Vasilevich Natalya I. , Kombarov Roman V. , Genis Dmitry V. , Kirpichenok Michael A.
Published: September 2012

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis Using Carbon Dioxide as Phosgene‐Free Carbonyl Reagent
Authors: Liu An‐Hua , Li Yu‐Nong , He Liang‐Nian
Published: September 2012

Review: 228 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Peroxisomes in the Biosynthesis and Secretion of β‐Lactams and Other Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Martin Juan‐Francisco , Ullan Ricardo V. , Garcia‐Estrada Carlos
Published: September 2012

Review: 154 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Frameworks of the MIL‐101 Family as Heterogeneous Single‐Site Catalysts
Authors: Maksimchuk Nataliya V. , Zalomaeva Olga V. , Skobelev Igor Y. , Kovalenko Konstantin A. , Fedin Vladimir P. , Kholdeeva Oxana A.
Published: September 2012

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Preparation of Supported Ionic Liquids (SILs) and Their Application in Rare Metals Separation
Authors: Zhu Li Li , Guo Lin , Zhang Zhen Jiang , Chen Ji , Zhang Shao Min
Published: September 2012

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Putting Aromatic Compounds to Work: Rational Synthesis of Organic 2D Polymers
Authors: Schluter A. Dieter , Sakamoto Junji
Published: September 2012

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparative Study of Microwave and Conventional Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Pyrimidines
Authors: Chandak Shilpa , Sharma Dipak , Sharma Vimukta , Dubey Arti
Published: September 2012

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorine‐Free Catalysts for Green Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Li Rui , Tong Xin , Li Xiaofang , Hu Changwen
Published: September 2012

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I) Catalysis in Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Livendahl Madeleine , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: September 2012

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Applications of β‐Enamino Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Boddeti Govindh , Bhagavathula S. Diwakar , Yellajyosula L. N. Murthy
Published: September 2012

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amberlyst‐15 in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Pal Rammohan , Sarkar Taradas , Khasnobis Shampa
Published: September 2012

Review: 153 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Out of Fuzzy Chemistry: From Prebiotic Chemistry to Metabolic Networks
Authors: Pereto Juli
Published: September 2012

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Prebiotic Chemistry in Eutectic Solutions at the Water—Ice Matrix
Authors: Menor‐Salvan Cesar , Marin‐Yaseli Margarita R.
Published: September 2012

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pathways for the Formation and Evolution of Peptides in Prebiotic Environments
Authors: Danger Gregoire , Plasson Raphael , Pascal Robert
Published: September 2012

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chirality, Photochemistry and the Detection of Amino Acids in Interstellar Ice Analogues and Comets
Authors: Evans Amanda C. , Meinert Cornelia , Giri Chaitanya , Goesmann Fred , Meierhenrich Uwe J.
Published: September 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding Prebiotic Chemistry Through the Analysis of Extraterrestrial Amino Acids and Nucleobases in Meteorites
Authors: Burton Aaron S. , Stern Jennifer C. , Elsila Jamie E. , Glavin Daniel P. , Dworkin Jason P.
Published: September 2012

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Elementary Reactions of N Atoms with Hydrocarbons: First Steps Towards the Formation of Prebiotic N‐Containing Molecules in Planetary Atmospheres
Authors: Balucani Nadia
Published: September 2012

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Evolution from Simple Inorganic Compounds to Chiral Peptides
Authors: Jakschitz Thomas A. E. , Rode Bernd M.
Published: September 2012

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Polyacetylenes and Cyanopolyacetylenes in Titan′s Atmosphere and Their Role in Astrobiology
Authors: Kaiser Ralf I. , Mebel Alexander M.
Published: September 2012

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mineral—Organic Interfacial Processes: Potential Roles in the Origins of Life
Authors: Cleaves H. James II , Michalkova Scott Andrea , Hill Frances C. , Leszczynski Jerzy , Sahai Nita , Hazen Robert
Published: September 2012

Review: 362 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Genetics First or Metabolism First? The Formamide Clue
Authors: Saladino Raffaele , Botta Giorgia , Pino Samanta , Costanzo Giovanna , Di Mauro Ernesto
Published: September 2012

Review: 422 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Production and Environmental Applications of Pd Nanoparticles for Treatment of Halogenated Compounds
Authors: Hennebel Tom , De Corte Simon , Verstraete Willy , Boon Nico
Published: September 2012

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Prebiotic‐Like Chemistry on Titan
Authors: Raulin Francois , Brasse Coralie , Poch Olivier , Coll Patrice
Published: September 2012

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theory, Modelling and Simulation in Origins of Life Studies
Authors: Coveney Peter V. , Swadling Jacob B. , Wattis Jonathan A. D. , Greenwell H. Christopher
Published: September 2012

Review: 99 refs.
Strength Tests of Agglomerates Subject to Production Parameters in High Shear Mixers
Authors: Wenzel Valtentin , Abele Regine , Anlauf Harald , Nirschl Hermann , Gerl Stefan
Published: September 2012

Granulate aus keramischen Werkstoffen werden durch die Vorgänge während der Herstellung in Intensivmischern unterschiedlich stark beansprucht. Dies hat großen Einfluss auf die entstehenden Agglomeratgrößenverteilungen. Es wurde untersucht, wie sich die Wahl von verschiedenen Mischwerkzeugen und Drehzahlen auf die Festigkeit von Agglomeraten in einem Intensivmischer auswirkt. Dazu wurden unter definierten Prozess‐ und Anlagenbedingungen in einem Intensivmischer Agglomerate hergestellt und anschließend auf ihre Festigkeit hin untersucht. Zur Bestimmung der Agglomeratfestigkeit dienten Versuche an einer Einzelkornzerkleinerungsapparatur.
White‐Light Electroluminescence with Tetraphenylethylene as Emitting Layer of Aggregation‐Induced Emissions Enhancement
Authors: Luo Jianfang , Wang Xiaohong , Wang Xiaomei , Su Wenming
Published: September 2012

Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) based molecules with easy synthesis, good thermal stability, and especially their aggregation‐induced emissions enhancement (AIEE) effect recently become attractive organic emitting materials due to their potentially practical application in OLEDs. Herein, the AIEE behaviors of tetraphenylethylene dyes (TMTPE and TBTPE) were investigated. Fabricated luminesent device using TMTPE dye as emitting layer displays two strong emitting bands: the blue emission coming from the first‐step aggregation and the yellow emission attributed to the second‐step aggregation. Thus, it can be utilized to fabricate the white‐light OLEDs (WOLEDs) of the single‐emitting‐component. A three‐layer device with the brightness of 1200 cd·m−2and current ef?ciency of 0.78 cd·A−1emits the close to white light with the CIE coordinates ofx=0.333 andy=0.358, when applied voltage from 8–13 V, verifying that the TPE‐based dyes of AIEE effect can be effectively applied in single‐emitting‐component WOLEDs fabrication.
Homology Modeling and Molecular Docking Studies of (S)‐Scoulerine 9‐O‐Methyltransferase from Coptis chinensis
Authors: Zhu Qiankun , Zhou Jiayu , Zhang Gan , Liao Hai
Published: September 2012

(S)‐Scoulerine 9‐O‐methyltransferase (SMT), belonging to the S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM)‐dependent O‐methyltransferase family, is an essential enzyme in the berberine biosynthetic pathways. In order to study the interactions of SMT with its substrate and further to understand the catalytic mechanism and substrate specificity, a three dimensional model of SMT from Coptis chinensis was constructed by homology modeling using the crystal structure of caffeic acid/5‐hydroxyferulic acid 3/5‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) as a template. The three dimensional structure of SMT, which was mainly composed of α‐helices and some β‐sheets, was similar to that of COMT. In contrast with COMT, the non‐conserved residues in the substrate binding pocket of SMT might be responsible for their differences in the substrate specificity. Val119 and Asp254 in SMT were the key residues for orienting substrate for methylation as both residues had H‐bonds with (S)‐scoulerine. The methylation of (S)‐scoulerine involved deprotonation of the 9‐hydroxyl group by His253 and Asp254 in SMT followed by a nucleophilic attack on the SAM‐methyl resulting in the product, (S)‐tetrahydrocolumbamine.
Nanoscale Interfacial Activity of the Natural Lipopeptide, [Asp1, Glu5] Surfactin‐C16, and DMPC in Mixed Monolayer
Authors: Yang Ying , Zou Aihua , Song Changsheng , Mu Bozhong
Published: September 2012

The dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and a newly isolated surfactin analogue, [Asp1, Glu5] surfactin‐C16 in mixed monolayer was studied. Surface pressure‐molecular area isotherms combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to probe the interfacial behavior of DMPC and surfactin‐C16. The results show that the miscibility between DMPC and surfactin‐C16 is dependent on surfactin molar fraction (XS) and surface pressure. The two components are partially miscible on pure water (pH=6) when XS is 0.5, indicating that there exists mutual interactions between two components. AFM images showed similar pattern in surfactin‐C16 monolayer and DMPC/surfactin‐C16 (XS=0.5) mixed monolayer. Based on the finding it is believed that DMPC would coalescent into surfactin‐C16 surface clusters in the mixed monolayer. Furthermore, the excess free energy of mixing (ΔGmex) was calculated to investigate the effect of subphase pH on the miscibility of two components in the mixed monolayer. It is found that the ΔGmex was negative on alkaline subphase (pH=10) when Xs equals to 0.75, indicating the molecular interactions between surfactin and DMPC are attractive at the condition. The results presented here suggest that hydrophobic interactions between surfactin‐C16 and DMPC play an important role in mutual interactions, and the interfacial activity was influenced by the ionization state of polar groups of surfactin‐C16.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Double Michael Reaction of Benzofuranone with Dienones to Construct Spirocyclic Benzofuranones
Authors: Luo Xiya , Wang Liangliang , Peng Lin , Bai Jianfei , Jia Lina , Tian Fang , Xu Xiaoying , Wang Lixin
Published: September 2012

The enantioselective double Michael reaction of benzofuranone with dienones catalyzed by Cinchona‐based primary amines was developed. A number of optically active spirocyclic benzofuranones were obtained in up to 89% yield and 91% ee.
Mathematics of Analog‐to‐Digital Conversion
Authors: Güntürk C. Sinan
Published: September 2012

As the performance of digital circuits and the capacity of digital communication channels have advanced steadily over the past decades, digital signals have replaced analog signals in nearly every technological application domain, offering robustness, ever increasing quality, and speed. At the same time, many signals that we perceive audiovisually (sound and video), or measure via instrumentation (e.g., geophysical signals and medical images), are analog in their nature. Consequently, not only are the analog‐to‐digital (A/D) and digital‐to‐analog (D/A) conversion processes as crucial as ever, but also the performance of these processes must improve to meet the increasing demands at the digital processing end. Both A/D and D/A conversion is necessarily carried out via analog devices bound by physical limitations such as imprecisions and noise, which present continual technological as well as theoretical challenges to achieving this objective. This article aims to introduce some of the modern mathematical ideas, developments, and challenges in this context from the author's perspective. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluid‐Structure Interactions: Research in the Courant Institute's Applied Mathematics Laboratory
Authors: Childress Stephen , Shelley Michael , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2012

The Applied Mathematics Laboratory is a research laboratory within the Mathematics Department of the Courant Institute. It was established to carry out physical experiments, modeling, and associated numerical studies in a variety of problems of interest to Courant faculty, postdocs, and graduate and undergraduate students. Most of the research to date has involved fluid mechanics, and we focus in this paper on the work that relates to the interaction of fluids with rigid, movable, or flexible bodies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial‐temporal active wave computing using infrared proximity array
Authors: Koller Miklós , Cserey György
Published: September 2012

In this paper, it is shown that the spatial‐temporal dynamics of the perceived 3D surface using an infrared proximity array gives well‐characterized spatial‐temporal dynamics at the output of the cellular nonlinear network (CNN) wave computer. For practical reasons, the continuous input is a series of consecutive infrared images, which are the consecutive states of the input stream. The spatial‐temporal dynamics of the output can be well characterized by quantitative and qualitative (specific morphology and oscillation frequency) spatial and temporal features. By processing a changing image flow as an input of the CNN wave computer, specific attributes of the input can be identified, which are unidentifiable while processing the still input images individually. Theoretical considerations were experimentally analyzed through template tuning and the depth modality of the measurement setup. Computations are performed on a CNN software simulator interfaced to an infrared proximity array. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow cytometric testing for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: CD64 is better for gating monocytes than CD33
Authors: Dalal Bakul I. , Khare Nikisha S.
Published: September 2012

Background:

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is diagnosed by documenting partial or complete absence of glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)‐associated ligands in neutrophils, monocytes, and red blood cells (RBCs). The monocytes can be separated by their bright expression of either CD33 or CD64. This paper compares the utility of CD33‐ vs CD64‐based monocyte gating in flow cytometric testing for PNH.

Methods:

One hundred and nineteen cases tested for PNH by flow cytometry were included in the study. Both the total number of monocytes and the number of GPI‐deficient monocytes gated with CD33 or CD64 were compared. The clustering pattern and any other unusual patterns were noted and investigated.

Results:

CD64 staining showed more distinct separation of the monocyte cluster than did CD33 staining. The difference between the number of monocytes gated by CD33 and CD64 staining ranged from –26 to +32% (median 1.60%, average 1.69%). Six patients had GPI‐deficient monocytes by both CD33‐ and CD64‐based gating, ranging from 0.02 to 83.23%. There were no patients who showed GPI‐deficient monocytes by one but not the other gating. The presence of blasts in patients with acute leukemia resulted in abnormal cluster patterns, both by CD33‐ and CD64‐based gating.

Conclusions:

CD64‐based gating showed more distinct clustering of monocytes than CD33‐based gating, allowing for objective separation. The number of monocytes in total and GPI‐deficient monocytes derived from both gating strategies was comparable. © 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Catalytic Thermal Decomposition of Ammonia–Borane by Well‐Dispersed Metal Nanoparticles on Mesoporous Substrates Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Xin Gongbiao , Yang Junzhi , Li Wei , Zheng Jie , Li Xingguo
Published: September 2012

A method to prepare well‐dispersed metal nanoparticles on mesoporous substrates has been developed that uses a magnetron sputtering technique. Pd, Ni, and Pt nanoparticles are deposited on MCM‐48, a silica‐based mesoporous material, with good dispersion. The samples prepared by this method showed promising catalytic effects on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of ammonia–borane (AB) thermal dehydrogenation. Catalyst‐doped AB samples started to release H2 at much lower temperatures and suppressed the emission of volatile byproducts effectively. Furthermore, foaming and volume expansion can be totally avoided. The excellent catalytic performance is due to the synergetic effect of nanoconfinement of MCM‐48 and the catalytic behavior of the metal particles.
Progress in Copper‐Mediated Formation of Trifluoromethylated Arenes
Authors: Liu Tianfei , Shen Qilong
Published: September 2012

Development of transition‐metal‐catalyzed trifluoromethylation of arene substrates under mild reaction conditions has attracted great attention in the past few years. Among the many methods developed, copper‐mediated trifluororomethylation has made significant progress and is the subject of this minireview.
Diaryltrisphaeridine Derivatives: Synthesis, Experimental Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties, and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Caballero Alegría , Campos Pedro J. , Rodríguez Miguel A.
Published: September 2012

A series of diaryltrisphaeridines have been synthesized by iodination of trisphaeridine and subsequent Suzuki coupling reactions. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these compounds have been investigated and it has been found that they are dependent on the aryl substituents. In particular, the presence of dimethylamino groups induces a bright‐green emission, thus making this compound a promising candidate for fluorescence devices and molecular sensors. Moreover, the green emission disappears on addition of HCl and this material can therefore also be used as a sensor for protons. The results have been rationalized by DFT and TD‐DFT theoretical studies.
Making the decision to stop pain: Probability and magnitude effects of expected pain relief on the choice of analgesics
Authors: Lin C.
Published: September 2012

Background

Pain is a major ailment that motivates individuals to look for treatment. Despite its enormous clinical relevance, very little is known about the factors that influence our preference of an analgesic (or pain‐relieving treatment). The current study investigated the influence of the information regarding the probability and the magnitude of the expected analgesic effect on preference of analgesic options.

Methods

Twenty‐four healthy volunteers were instructed to imagine pain across different scenarios and choose between two hypothetical analgesics that differed in their probabilities to successfully relieve pain and the magnitude of their expected analgesic effects. The conservative analgesic was more reliable but less potent than the radical analgesic, whereas the radical analgesic was less reliable but more potent than the conservative analgesic.

Results

Consistent with the predictions of prospect theory, a larger proportion of the participants chose the radical analgesic when the overall probability of both analgesics decreased, and when the potency of the radical analgesic was expected to be stronger relative to the conservative analgesic. At the individual level, individuals' relative imagined pain relief (radical analgesic/conservative analgesic) predicted their preference for the radical analgesic.

Conclusions

Our findings revealed that preference of analgesic options is mediated by the overall probability of analgesic effect and the relative potency of analgesics. The expected relief one imagines to obtain from analgesics would guide preference. The findings highlight the importance for clinicians to understand how patients subjectively frame the probability and magnitude factors related to decision making in medical context.
3D Bioprinting of heterogeneous aortic valve conduits with alginate/gelatin hydrogels
Authors: Duan Bin , Hockaday Laura A. , Kang Kevin H. , Butcher Jonathan T.
Published: September 2012

Heart valve disease is a serious and growing public health problem for which prosthetic replacement is most commonly indicated. Current prosthetic devices are inadequate for younger adults and growing children. Tissue engineered living aortic valve conduits have potential for remodeling, regeneration, and growth, but fabricating natural anatomical complexity with cellular heterogeneity remain challenging. In the current study, we implement 3D bioprinting to fabricate living alginate/gelatin hydrogel valve conduits with anatomical architecture and direct incorporation of dual cell types in a regionally constrained manner. Encapsulated aortic root sinus smooth muscle cells (SMC) and aortic valve leaflet interstitial cells (VIC) were viable within alginate/gelatin hydrogel discs over 7 days in culture. Acellular 3D printed hydrogels exhibited reduced modulus, ultimate strength, and peak strain reducing slightly over 7‐day culture, while the tensile biomechanics of cell‐laden hydrogels were maintained. Aortic valve conduits were successfully bioprinted with direct encapsulation of SMC in the valve root and VIC in the leaflets. Both cell types were viable (81.4 ± 3.4% for SMC and 83.2 ± 4.0% for VIC) within 3D printed tissues. Encapsulated SMC expressed elevated alpha‐smooth muscle actin, while VIC expressed elevated vimentin. These results demonstrate that anatomically complex, heterogeneously encapsulated aortic valve hydrogel conduits can be fabricated with 3D bioprinting. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
A prospective study of thyroid function, bone loss, and fractures in older men: The MrOS study
Authors: Waring Avantika C , Harrison Stephanie , Fink Howard A , Samuels Mary H , Cawthon Peggy M , Zmuda Joseph M , Orwoll Eric S , Bauer Douglas C ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study
Published: September 2012

Excess thyroid hormone is associated with increased bone loss and fracture risk in older women, but few data exist for men. We sought to determine if thyroid function is independently associated with bone loss and fracture risk in older men. Data were analyzed from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study, a cohort of community-dwelling U.S. men aged 65 years and older. Using a case-cohort design, fasting baseline serum archived at −80°C was assayed for thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) in 397 men with confirmed nonspine fracture, including 157 hip fractures, and 1420 randomly selected men without fracture. TSH and FT4 were analyzed as continuous variables and as thyroid function categories (subclinical hyperthyroid, euthyroid, and subclinical hypothyroid). Hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Hologic QDR4500) was measured at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. Incident nonspine fractures were centrally adjudicated. Bone loss was evaluated with multivariate regression methods and fractures risk was evaluated using hazard models that accounted for the case-cohort sampling, adjusted for age, clinic-site, body mass index (BMI), race, physical activity, corticosteroid use, smoking, alcohol intake, and thyroid medication use. In fully adjusted analyses, TSH was not associated with risk of nonspine fracture (relative hazard [RH] 0.92 per SD decrease in TSH; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–1.14), but was significantly associated with risk of hip fracture (RH 1.31; 95% CI, 1.01–1.71), which persisted among normal range TSH values (RH 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00–1.47). There was no association between TSH or FT4 and bone loss, and fracture risk did not differ significantly by thyroid function category. We conclude that although neither TSH nor FT4 are associated with bone loss, lower serum TSH may be associated with an increased risk of hip fractures in older men. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Transcription of the pain‐related TRPV1 gene requires Runx1 and C/EBPβ factors
Authors: Ugarte Giorgia D. , Diaz Emilio , Biscaia Miguel , Stehberg Jimmy , Montecino Martin , van Zundert Brigitte
Published: September 2012

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type 1 channel (TRPV1) is an important endogenous transducer of noxious heat and chemical stimuli and is required during development of inflammatory hypersensitivity. The transcription factor Runx1 is known to play a relevant role in sensory neuron differentiation as it controls the expression of several sensory nociceptive receptors, including TRPV1. Here, we show that Runx1 up‐regulates TRPV1 transcription activity by interacting directly with the proximal TRPV1 gene promoter sequence. Importantly, C/EBPβ a well‐established heterodimer partner of Runx1 also binds to the TRPV1 promoter and cooperates with Runx1 to further stimulate TRPV1 transcription. Our results support a mechanism where Runx1‐C/EBPβ‐containing transcription regulatory complexes are recruited to the TRPV1 gene promoter to modulate TRPV1 expression in dorsal root ganglia neurons. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 860–870, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The pur protein family: Genetic and structural features in development and disease
Authors: Johnson Edward M. , Daniel Dianne C. , Gordon Jennifer
Published: September 2012

The Pur proteins are an ancient family of sequence‐specific single‐stranded nucleic acid‐binding proteins. They bind a G‐rich element in either single‐ or double‐stranded nucleic acids and are capable of displacing the complementary C‐rich strand. Recently several reports have described Pur family member knockouts, mutations, and disease aberrations. Together with a recent crystal structure of Purα, these data reveal conserved structural features of these proteins that have been adapted to serve functions unique to higher eukaryotes. In humans Pur proteins are critical for myeloid cell development, muscle development, and brain development, including trafficking of mRNA to neuronal dendrites. Pur family members have been implicated in diseases as diverse as cancer, premature aging, and fragile‐X mental retardation syndrome. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unsolved issues of mixed treatment comparison meta‐analysis: network size and inconsistency
Authors: Sturtz Sibylle , Bender Ralf
Published: September 2012

Indirect comparisons and mixed treatment comparison (MTC) meta‐analyses are increasingly used in medical research. These methods allow a simultaneous analysis of all relevant interventions in a connected network even if direct evidence regarding two interventions is missing. The framework of MTC meta‐analysis provides a flexible approach for complex networks. However, this method has yet some unsolved problems, in particular the choice of the network size and the assessment of inconsistency. In this paper, we describe the practical application of MTC meta‐analysis by using a data set on antidepressants. We focus on the impact of the size of the chosen network and the assumption of consistency. A larger network is based on more evidence but may show inconsistencies, whereas a smaller network contains less evidence but may show no clear inconsistencies. A choice is required which network should be used in practice. In summary, MTC meta‐analysis represents a promising approach; however, clear application standards are still lacking. Especially, standards for the identification of inconsistency and the way to deal with potential inconsistency are required. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic light‐emitting diodes with enhanced out‐coupling efficiency using high‐refractive‐index glass frit
Authors: Yagi Tadao , Satoh Ryuichi , Yamada Yukika , Kang Hosuk , Miyao Hiroshi , Sawa Konosuke
Published: September 2012

We have fabricated a novel type of substrate for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) to improve the light out‐coupling efficiency. It was fabricated by forming an excellent flat layer using a high‐refractive‐index B2O3‐SiO2‐Bi2O3 frit glass on the light diffusive glass substrate. By using this substrate, we have sufficiently reduced the total internal reflection of OLEDs, and we successfully obtained more than 1.9 times higher light out‐coupling efficiency without spectral changes and viewing angle dependency. Furthermore, we have also successfully demonstrated 50 × 50 mm large‐area white OLEDs with this novel substrate.
The influence of regional hydrology on nesting behavior and nest fate of the American alligator
Authors: Ugarte Cristina A. , Bass Oron L. , Nuttle William , Mazzotti Frank J. , Rice Kenneth G. , Fujisaki Ikuko , Whelan Kevin R.T.
Published: September 2012

Hydrologic conditions are critical to the nesting behavior and reproductive success of crocodilians. In South Florida, USA, growing human settlement has led to extensive surface water management and modification of historical water flows in the wetlands, which have affected regional nesting of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Although both natural and anthropogenic factors are considered to determine hydrologic conditions, the aspects of hydrological patterns that affect alligator nest effort, flooding (partial and complete), and failure (no hatchling) are unclear. We deconstructed annual hydrological patterns using harmonic models that estimated hydrological matrices including mean, amplitude, timing of peak, and periodicity of surface water depth and discharge and examined their effects on alligator nesting using survey data from Shark Slough, Everglades National Park, from 1985 to 2005. Nest effort increased in years with higher mean and lesser periodicity of water depth. A greater proportion of nests were flooded and failed when peak discharge occurred earlier in the year. Also, nest flooding rates were greater in years with greater periodicity of water depth, and nest failure rate was greater when mean discharge was higher. This study guides future water management decisions to mitigate negative impacts on reproduction of alligators and provides wildlife managers with a tool for assessing and modifying annual water management plans to conserve crocodilians and other wetland species. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
18F‐fluorodeoxythymidine micro–positron‐emission tomography versus 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose micro–positron‐emission tomography for in vivo minimal residual disease imaging
Authors: Ekshyyan Oleksandr , Sibley Don , Caldito Gloria C. , Sunderland John , Vascoe Chris , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O.
Published: September 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

The early detection of persistent/recurrent disease of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) after treatment can be challenging. The currently used radioisotope 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a nonspecific tracer for cancer cells as it detects all metabolically active cells including inflammation. 18F‐fluorodeoxythymidine (FLT) is a radioactive tracer for rapidly proliferating cells, and therefore is more specific for detecting cancer. Our aim was to compare FLT and FDG microPET (positron‐emission tomography) to the gold standard in vivo bioluminescence imaging for serial assessment of neoplastic growth in a minimal residual disease in vivo model.

Study Design:

Prospective outcomes research.

Methods:

In order to mimic the postsurgical environment of HNSCC patients FaDu cells transfected with a luciferase‐expressing retrovirus were inoculated into the skin flap of Balb/c nu/nu mice. Three days later before tumors formed, mice were randomized into 18F‐FLT or 18F‐FDG groups, and microPET imaging was performed on days 3, 6, 10, 18, and 24 after tumor cell inoculation.

Results:

18F‐FLT detected tumors as early as day 3 even before tumors were palpable, whereas 18F‐FDG only detected palpable tumors. The average overall normalized radioactivity in the FLT group was significantly higher than the FDG group (P = .025).

Conclusions:

18F‐FLT identified tumor cells before tumors were palpable and can potentially be used for early detection of persistence/recurrence of HNSCC. In addition, this radioisotope can be used to monitor adjuvant therapy with novel targeted therapeutics in preclinical models of persistent disease. Laryngoscope, 2013
Synergistic effects of photodynamic therapy with HPPH and gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cell lines
Authors: Sun Gang , Anderson Marlys A. , Gorospe Emmanuel C. , Leggett Cadman L. , Lutzke Lori S. , Wong Kee Song Louis M. , Levy Michael , Wang Kenneth K.
Published: September 2012

Background and Objective

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential treatment for pancreatic cancer. A second‐generation photosensitizer, 2‐[1‐hexyloxyethyl]‐2‐devinyl pyropheophorbide (HPPH) has a long wavelength absorption, high‐tumor selectivity, and shorter duration of skin photosensitivity. We investigated the efficacy of PDT with HPPH and gemcitabine in inducing cell death in multiple pancreatic cancer cell lines.

Methods

We used three pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC‐1, MIA PaCa‐2, and BXPC‐3) incubated with HPPH concentration of 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 µg/ml for 6 hours, followed by photoradiation at a light dose of 60 J/cm2. Afterwards, each cell line was treated with gemcitabine at concentrations of 0, 1, 10, and 100 µM and incubated for another 96 hours. Cell death was detected with SYTOX green staining. We also assessed the difference in cytotoxicity in adding gemcitabine before and after PDT.

Results

HPPH‐PDT can effectively induce cell death in all cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner, with a 100% of cell death at the 0.5 µg/ml HPPH concentration. In contrast, monotherapy with gemcitabine alone (100 µM) only achieved <45% cell death. Combining gemcitabine to HPPH‐PDT resulted in synergistic cytotoxic effect with 20–50% more cell death across all cell lines. There was no difference in cytotoxicity in adding gemcitabine before or after PDT.

Conclusion

This is the first study on HPPH‐PDT for pancreatic cancer. HPPH‐PDT‐induced cell death occurs in a dose‐dependent manner. HPPH‐PDT and gemcitabine have synergistic effects in inducing cell death in multiple pancreatic cancer cell lines. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 755–761, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐intensity diode laser in combination with bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate: A new strategy for the treatment of large prostates (>80 ml)
Authors: Chen Chien‐Hsu , Chiang Po‐Hui , Lee Wei‐Chia , Chuang Yao‐Chi , Kang Chih‐Hsiung , Hsu Chun‐Chien , Lee Wei‐Ching , Chen Yen‐Ta , Cheng Yuan‐Tso
Published: September 2012

Background and Objective

The ideal treatment of large prostates with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains controversial. We compare the efficacy and safety of monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with high‐intensity diode laser in combination with bipolar TURP (DL + b‐TURP) in the treatment of large prostates.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed all patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to BPH with prostates larger than 80 ml, undergoing monopolar TURP (n = 36) or DL + b‐TURP (n = 37) between January 2008 and March 2010. The preoperative and follow‐up functional parameters including International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), post‐void residual urine (PVR), maximum flow rate (Qmax), quality of life score (QoLs), prostate size, and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) were assessed. The operative data, peri‐ and post‐operative complications were also recorded.

Results

The demographic data were comparable between the two groups. Preoperative prostate volume was 110.8 ± 28.9 ml in the DL + b‐TURP group and 103.7 ± 31.2 ml in the TURP group. TURP group had significantly shorter operative time; however, the catheterization time and hospital stay were in favor of the DL + b‐TURP group (P < 0.001). The decrease in hemoglobin was statistically significantly greater in the TURP group. Late complications were also comparable. Both groups could achieve significant improvements in functional outcomes during the follow‐up of 24 months.

Conclusions

With regard to the operative safety and functional results, high‐intensity diode laser combined with bipolar TURP is feasible for BPH treatment with large prostates. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 699–704, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topological representation of geometric theories
Authors: Forssell Henrik
Published: September 2012

Using Butz and Moerdijk's topological groupoid representation of a topos with enough points, a ‘syntax‐semantics’ duality for geometric theories is constructed. The emphasis is on a logical presentation, starting with a description of the semantic topological groupoid of models and isomorphisms of a theory. It is then shown how to extract a theory from equivariant sheaves on a topological groupoid in such a way that the result is a contravariant adjunction between theories and groupoids, the restriction of which is a duality between theories with enough models and semantic groupoids. Technically a variant of the syntax‐semantics duality constructed in 1 for first‐order logic, the construction here works for arbitrary geometric theories and uses a slice construction on the side of groupoids—reflecting the use of ‘indexed’ models in the representation theorem—which in several respects simplifies the construction and the characterization of semantic groupoids.
Linear extensions of partial orders and reverse mathematics
Authors: Frittaion Emanuele , Marcone Alberto
Published: September 2012

We introduce the notion of τ‐like partial order, where τ is one of the linear order types ω, ω*, ω + ω*, and ζ. For example, being ω‐like means that every element has finitely many predecessors, while being ζ‐like means that every interval is finite. We consider statements of the form “any τ‐like partial order has a τ‐like linear extension” and “any τ‐like partial order is embeddable into τ” (when τ is ζ this result appears to be new). Working in the framework of reverse mathematics, we show that these statements are equivalent either to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathsf {B}{\Sigma }^{0}_{2}$\end{document} or to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathsf {ACA}_0$\end{document} over the usual base system \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathsf {RCA}_0$\end{document}.
Stochastic persistence and stability analysis of a modified Holling–Tanner model
Authors: Mandal Partha Sarathi , Banerjee Malay
Published: October 2012

The article aims to study the basic dynamical features of a modified Holling–Tanner prey–predator model with ratio‐dependent functional response. We have proved the global existence of the solution for the deterministic model. The parametric restriction for persistence of both species is also obtained along with the proof of local asymptotic stability of the interior equilibrium point(s). Conditions for local bifurcations of interior equilibrium points are provided. The global dynamic behavior is examined thoroughly with supportive numerical simulation results. Next, we have formulated the stochastic model by perturbing the intrinsic growth rates of prey and predator populations with white noise terms. The existence uniqueness of solutions for stochastic model is established. Further, we have derived the parametric restrictions required for the persistence of the stochastic model. Finally, we have discussed the stochastic stability results in terms of the first and second order moments. Numerical simulation results are provided to support the analytical findings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.