bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut Alterations in Septic Patients: A Biochemical Literature Review
Authors: Longhitano Yaroslava , Zanza Christian , Thangathurai Duraiyah , Taurone Samanta , Kozel Daniela , Racca Fabrizio , Audo Andrea , Ravera Enrico , Migneco Alessio , Piccioni Andrea , Franceschi Francesco
Published: August 2020

Background:

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction with high mortality and morbidity
rate and with the disease progression many alterations are observed in different organs. The
gastrointestinal tract is often damaged during sepsis and septic shock and main symptoms are related
to increased permeability, bacterial translocation and malabsorption. These intestinal alterations
can be both cause and effect of sepsis.

Objective:

The aim of this review is to analyze different pathways that lead to intestinal alteration
in sepsis and to explore the most common methods for intestinal permeability measurement and, at
the same time to evaluate if their use permit to identify patients at high risk of sepsis and eventually
to estimate the prognosis.

Material and Methods:

The peer-reviewed articles analyzed were selected from PubMed databases
using the keywords “sepsis” “gut alteration”, “bowel permeability”, “gut alteration”, “bacterial
translocation”, “gut permeability tests”, “gut inflammation”. Among the 321 papers identified, 190
articles were selected, after title - abstract examination and removing the duplicates and studies on
pediatric population,only 105 articles relating to sepsis and gut alterations were analyzed.

Results:

Integrity of the intestinal barrier plays a key role in the preventing of bacterial translocation
and gut alteration related to sepsis. It is obvious that this dysfunction of the small intestine can
have serious consequences and the early identification of patients at risk - to develop malabsorption
or already malnourished - is very recommended to increase the survivor rate. Until now, in critical
patients, the dosage of citrullinemia is easily applied test in clinical setting, in fact, it is relatively
easy to administer and allows to accurately assess the functionality of enterocytes.

Conclusion:

The sepsis can have an important impact on the gastrointestinal function. In addition,
the alteration of the permeability can become a source of systemic infection. At the moment, biological
damage markers are not specific, but the dosage of LPS, citrulline, lactulose/mannitol test,
FABP and fecal calprotectin are becoming an excellent alternative with high specificity and sensitivity.
Application of Nanocellulose Derivatives as Drug Carriers; A Novel Approach in Drug Delivery
Authors: Khojastehfar Ali , Mahjoub Soleiman
Published: August 2020

Background:

The production of nanocellulose for drug delivery systems has achieved increased attention in the past decade.
High capacity for swelling and absorption of the liquid phase, high flexibility in creating different derivatives, economical cost and ease
of access to the primary source, all of these properties have encouraged researchers to use nanocellulose and its derivatives as a highperformance drug carrier.

Objective:

We summarize the recent progresses of cellulose-based nanocarriers designing and practical approaches in
drug delivery.

Methods:

We conducted a literature review on the development of the nanocellulose and its derivatives as a highperformance drug carrier.

Results:

In this review, we have attempted to present the latest advances in cellulose modifications for the design of
pharmaceutical nanocarriers. at first, cellulose properties and structural classification of nanocellulose were introduced.
Then, focusing on medical applications, some efforts and laboratory trials in cellulose-based nano designing were also
discussed. The findings demonstrate the benefits of nanocellulose in drug delivery and its potential for modifying by
adding functional groups to enhance drug delivery efficiency. Due to the physical and chemical properties of cellulose and
its high flexibility to interact with other compounds, a broad perspective can be imagined in the diverse research and novel
forms of nanocarriers.

Conclusion:

The cellulose nanocarriers can be considered as an attractive platform for researchers to design new
structures of pharmaceutical carriers and increase the efficiency of these nanocarriers in drug delivery for the treatment of
diseases such as cancer.
Increased Induction of Apoptosis in ESCC (Esophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma) by Betula pendula Roth Stem Cell Extract Containing Triterpenoids Compared to Doxorubicin
Authors: Nazari Jamile , Payamnoor Vahide , Sadeghzadeh Zahra , Asadi Jahanbakhsh , Kavosi Mohammad R.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Esophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most life-threatening
malignancies worldwide, with a growing incidence in Iran higher than the global average.

Objective:

The present study, for the first time under patent number (97668), introduces a method using in vitro
production of activated-Birch stem cells using biotechnological techniques of tissue culture and plant stem cell
culture from Betula pendula Roth (Birch) bark.

Methods:

In the first step, Birch stem cells were produced in large amounts using tissue culture, and then the
amount of triterpenoids of its extract was measured by the HPLC method. In the second step, the cytotoxicity
was evaluated by MTT, and the IC50 was calculated. The cellular apoptosis in response to the extract compared
to doxorubicin was measured using the Annexin V kit and the flow cytometry method.

Results:

The optimized method introduced in the current study efficiently produced plant stem cells containing
triterpenoids in large quantities over a period of 2-4 months. Our findings indicated that the growth of ESCC
cells decreased by induction treatment 3 times (24, 36, 48 hours). IC50 values were obtained in 24 hours for the
natural bark extract, Birch stem cell extract, doxorubicin and interactions of two extracts with doxorubicin at
300μg/mL, 1700μg/mL, 0.5μM, 150μg/mL, 1800μg/mL, respectively. In the flow cytometric test, the Birch
stem cell extract showed the highest percentage of apoptosis, with 92.5% for total apoptosis. The percentage of
total apoptosis in doxorubicin treatment was 85.33%, and the combination of doxorubicin with Birch stem cell
extract was 88.33%. Natural bark extract and its combination with a lower percentage (69.33% and 70.33%,
respectively) caused apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells.

Conclusion:

Owing to the extinction of Birch in Iran and its inaccessibility and exploitation, Birch stem cells
can be cultured as an appropriate alternative source to produce valuable triterpenoids for pharmaceutical
purposes. Additionally, according to the results of this study, stem cells can be used to enhance the treatment of
esophageal cancer and supplementation with chemotherapy.
Nuciferine Inhibits Skin Cutaneous Melanoma Cell Growth by Suppressing TLR4/NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Xu Jingxing , Ying Anxin , Shi Tongxin
Published: August 2020

Background:

Melanoma causes more than 80% of deaths from all dermatologic cancers. Hence,
screening and identifying effective compounds to inhibit the growth of melanoma have crucial importance in
basic and clinical treatment.

Methods:

High throughput screening was performed to screen and identify compounds that have anti-melanoma
ability. Melanoma cell and mouse allograft models were used to examine the anti-tumor effects of Nuciferine
(NCFR). Western blot, qPCR, and lentivirus overexpression were applied to detect the activation of the
TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Results:

NCFR administration significantly suppressed melanoma cell growth and tumor size by inhibiting the
phosphorylation of p65. NCFR treatment also could suppress TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB signaling.
The anti-tumor effect of NCFR might be mediated by targeting Toll-like receptors 4.

Conclusion:

NCFR inhibits melanoma cell growth and suppresses tumor size, which provides potential therapeutic
strategies for melanoma treatment.
Leaf Extract of Nerium oleander L. Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration and Arrest of Cell Cycle at G2/M Phase in HeLa Cervical Cancer Cell
Authors: Mohapatra Shubhasmita , Biswal Anil K. , Dandapat Jagnehswar , Debata Priya R.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynaecological malignant tumors reported
in women. Although a number of early screening and treatment options are available, mortality due to cervical
cancer remains high. Nerium oleander L. is a potential medicinal plant that possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological
and physiological activities including anticancer activities.

Objective:

This study aims to evaluate the antiproliferative activity, inhibition of cell migration and cell cycle
arrest by the chloroform extract of leaves of Nerium Oleander L. in HeLa cervical cancer cells. The chloroform
extract of Catharanthus roseus which contains anti-cancer compounds, Vinblastin and Vincristin, was used as a
positive control for this study.

Methods:

The chloroform extracts of Nerium oleander L. and Catharanthus roseus were prepared using the
standard protocol. The cytotoxic effects were studied by MTT assay. Cell migration was studied by in vitro
scratch assay. Analysis of the cell cycle was carried out by Propidium iodide staining and Flow Cytometry. The
expression level of various proteins was evaluated by immunocytochemistry.

Results:

In this study, we showed that the leaf extract of Nerium oleander inhibited the growth of HeLa cervical
cancer cells in culture and inhibited cell migration. Besides, it arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression and phosphorylated p-Rb (Ser 780) level were significantly
downregulated by leaf extract of Nerium oleander.

Conclusion:

The extract of Nerium oleander L. contains potential bioactive compounds that inhibit HeLa cell
proliferation, cell migration and arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase.
Antiproliferative Activity and Apoptotic Efficiency of Syzygium cumini Bark Methanolic Extract against EAC Cells In Vivo
Authors: Siddika Ayesha , Das Plabon K. , Asha Saharia Y. , Aktar Suraiya , Tareq Abu R.M. , Siddika Ayesha , Rakib Abdur , Islam Farhadul , Khanam Jahan Ara
Published: August 2020

Background:

Syzygium cumini is one of the evidence-based traditional medicinal plant used in the
treatment of various ailments.

Objectives:

Herein, the antioxidant property and anticancer property of Syzygium cumini against Ehrlich Ascites
Carcinoma (EAC) cells were examined to find effective chemotherapeutics.

Methods:

In vitro assays, and phytochemical and chromatographic analyses were used to determine antioxidant
properties and chemical constituents of Syzygium cummini Bark Methanolic Extract (SCBME). Functional assays
were used to measure the anticancer activity of SCBME. Fluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR were used
to examine morphological and molecular changes of EAC cells followed by SCBME treatment.

Results:

Phytochemical and GC-MS analyses confirmed the presence of compounds with antioxidant and anticancer
activities. Accordingly, we have noted a strong antioxidant activity of SCBME with an IC50 value of
~10μg/ml. Importantly, SCBME exerted a dose-dependent anticancer activity with significant inhibition of EAC
cell growth (71.08±3.53%; p<0.001), reduction of tumor burden (69.50%; p<0.01) and increase of life span
(73.13%; p<0.001) of EAC-bearing mice at 75mg/kg/day. Besides, SCBME restored the blood toxicity towards
normal in EAC-bearing mice (p<0.05).

Discussion:

SCBME treated EAC cells showed apoptotic features under a fluorescence microscope and fragmented
DNA in DNA laddering assay. Moreover, up-regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 and pro-apoptotic
Bax and down-regulation of NF-κB and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 genes implied induction of apoptosis followed by
SCBME treatment.

Conclusion:

The antiproliferative activity of SCBME against EAC cells is likely due to apoptosis, mediated by
regulation of p53 and NF-κB signaling. Thus, SCBME can be considered as a useful resource in cancer chemotherapy.
Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery System Improve Oral Bioavailability: Role of Excipients and Physico-chemical Characterization
Authors: Zhu Yujin , Ye Jing , Zhang Quan
Published: August 2020

:

Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) is a kind of solid or liquid formulation
composed of drugs, oil, surfactant and cosurfactant. It could form a fine emulsion
(micro/nano) in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Later on, the formed
emulsion is absorbed through the lymphatic pathway. The oral bioavailability of drugs in
SEDDS would be improved for bypassing the first-pass effect of the liver. Therefore,
SEDDS has become a vital strategy to increase the oral bioavailability of poor watersoluble
drugs. In addition, there is no aqueous phase in SEDDS, thus SEDDS is a homogeneous
system, consequently being suitable for large-scale production and more stable than
conventional emulsion. However, the role of formulation aspects in the biological property
of SEDDS is not fully clear. In order to prepare the satisfying SEDDS to improve oral drug
bioavailability, we need to fully understand the various factors that affect the in vivo behavior
of SEDDS. In this review, we would explore the role of ingredient (drugs, oils, surfactant
and cosurfactant) of SEDDS in increasing oral drug bioavailability. We would also
discuss the effect of physicochemical property (particle size and zeta potential) of SEDDS
on the oral drug bioavailability enhancement. This review would provide an approach to
develop a rational SEDDS to improving oral drug bioavailability.

Lay Summary:

Self-emulsifying drug-delivery system (SEDDS) has been proven to be
promising in ameliorating the oral bioavailability of poor water-soluble drugs. This review
highlighted the influence of excipients and physicochemical property of SEDDS on the
formation of emulsion and the oral absorption of drugs in the body.
Microwave-assisted Homogeneous Gold Catalyzed Organic Transformations
Authors: Panda Biswajit
Published: August 2020

:

Microwave chemistry is an emerging area of science mainly focusing on various applications
of microwave energy into chemical processes. Microwave irradiation has enormous potential to
provide controlled energy directly to the molecules of interest. On the other hand, homogeneous gold
catalysis has emerged in the last two decades or so as one of the most promising fields in organic and
organometallic chemistry. Its efficacy has been established many times for the construction of new C
– X (X = O, N, S, etc.) and C – C bonds under mild reaction conditions. Although a significant number
of reports have appeared in the literature regarding the homogeneous gold-catalyzed organic transformations
under microwave conditions, this is the first review article which is going to appear in the
literature. This mini-review is designed to give an interesting insight into various homogeneous goldcatalyzed
organic reactions under microwave irradiation for the synthesis of a library of electronically
and structurally diverse and biologically important organic molecules.
Bayesian Inference on the Keller–Segel Model
Authors: Goodwin Thomas , Evenhuis Christian , Woodcock Stephen , Quiroz Matias
Published: August 2020

The Keller–Segel (KS) model is a system of partial differential equations that describe chemotaxis—how cells move in response to chemical stimulus. Simulated data in the form of cell counts are used to carry out Bayesian inference on the ks model. A Bayesian analysis on the ks model is performed on three sets of initial conditions. First, the KS model is solved numerically using a finite difference method and Bayesian inference is performed on parameters of the model such as the cell diffusion and chemical sensitivity. We investigate the predictive posterior distribution of future data and the convergence of the 95% credible interval of cell diffusion at different grid sizes using the three different initial conditions.
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Cultural Impact on the Intention to Use Nursing Information Systems of Nurses in Taiwan and China: Survey and Analysis
Authors: Chang I-Chiu , Lin Po-Jin , Chen Ting-Hung , Chang Chia-Hui
Published: August 2020

Background

Nursing workforce shortage has emerged as a global problem. Foreign nurse importation is a popular strategy to address the shortage. The interactions between nursing staff on either side of the Taiwan Strait continue to increase. Since both nurses in Taiwan and nurses in China have adopted nursing information systems to improve health care processes and quality, it is necessary to investigate factors influencing nursing information system usage in nursing practice.

Objective

This study examined the effects of cultural and other related factors on nurses’ intentions to use nursing information systems. The findings were expected to serve as an empirical base for further benchmarking and management of cross-strait nurses.

Methods

This survey was conducted in two case hospitals (one in Taiwan and one in China). A total of 880 questionnaires were distributed (n=440 in each hospital).

Results

The results showed effort expectancy had a significant effect on the intention to use nursing information systems of nurses in China (P=.003) but not nurses in Taiwan (P=.16).

Conclusions

Findings suggest nursing managers should adopt different strategies to motivate cross-strait nurses to use nursing information systems. Promoting effort expectancy is more likely to motivate nurses in China than in Taiwan. This discrepancy is probably due to the less hierarchical and more feminine society in Taiwan.
COVID-19 Research: Navigating the European General Data Protection Regulation
Authors: Becker Regina , Thorogood Adrian , Ordish Johan , Beauvais Michael J.S.
Published: August 2020

Researchers must collaborate globally to rapidly respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. In Europe, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) regulates the processing of personal data, including health data of value to researchers. Even during a pandemic, research still requires a legal basis for the processing of sensitive data, additional justification for its processing, and a basis for any transfer of data outside Europe. The GDPR does provide legal grounds and derogations that can support research addressing a pandemic, if the data processing activities are proportionate to the aim pursued and accompanied by suitable safeguards. During a pandemic, a public interest basis may be more promising for research than a consent basis, given the high standards set out in the GDPR. However, the GDPR leaves many aspects of the public interest basis to be determined by individual Member States, which have not fully or uniformly made use of all options. The consequence is an inconsistent legal patchwork that displays insufficient clarity and impedes joint approaches. The COVID-19 experience provides lessons for national legislatures. Responsiveness to pandemics requires clear and harmonized laws that consider the related practical challenges and support collaborative global research in the public interest.
Views of Implementers and Nonimplementers of Internet-Administered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety: Survey of Primary Care Decision Makers in Sweden (Preprint)
Authors: Brantnell Anders , Woodford Joanne , Baraldi Enrico , van Achterberg Theo , von Essen Louise
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Internet-administered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) has been demonstrated to be an effective intervention for adults with depression and/or anxiety and is recommended in national guidelines for provision within Swedish primary care. However, the number and type of organizations that have implemented ICBT within primary care in Sweden is currently unclear. Further, there is a lack of knowledge concerning barriers and facilitators to ICBT implementation.

OBJECTIVE

The two primary objectives were to identify and describe primary care organizations providing ICBT in Sweden and compare decision makers’ (ie, directors of primary care organizations) views on barriers and facilitators to implementation of ICBT among ICBT implementers (ie, organizations that offered ICBT) and nonimplementers (ie, organizations that did not offer ICBT).

METHODS

An online survey based on a checklist for identifying barriers and facilitators to implementation was developed and made accessible to decision makers from all primary care organizations in Sweden. The survey consisted of background questions (eg, provision of ICBT and number of persons working with ICBT) and barriers and facilitators relating to the following categories: users, therapists, ICBT programs, organizations, and wider society.

RESULTS

The participation rate was 35.75% (404/1130). The majority (250/404, 61.8%) of participants were health care center directors and had backgrounds in nursing. Altogether, 89.8% (363/404) of the participating organizations provided CBT. A minority (83/404, 20.5%) of organizations offered ICBT. Most professionals delivering ICBT were psychologists (67/83, 80%) and social workers (31/83, 37%). The majority (61/83, 73%) of organizations had 1 to 2 persons delivering ICBT interventions. The number of patients treated with ICBT during the last 12 months was 1 to 10 in 65% (54/83) of the organizations, ranging between 1 and 400 treated patients across the whole sample. There were 9 significant (P<.05) differences out of 37 possible between implementers and nonimplementers. For example, more implementers (48/51, 94%) than nonimplementers (107/139, 76.9%) perceived few technical problems (P<.001), and more implementers (53/77, 68%) than nonimplementers (103/215, 47.9%) considered that their organization has resources to offer ICBT programs (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Despite research demonstrating the effectiveness of ICBT for depression and anxiety and national guidelines recommending its use, ICBT is implemented in few primary care organizations in Sweden. Several interesting differences between implementers and nonimplementers were identified, which may help inform interventions focusing on facilitating the implementation of ICBT.
Cultural Impact on the Intention to Use Nursing Information Systems of Nurses in Taiwan and China: Survey and Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Chang I-Chiu , Lin Po-Jin , Chen Ting-Hung , Chang Chia-Hui
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Nursing workforce shortage has emerged as a global problem. Foreign nurse importation is a popular strategy to address the shortage. The interactions between nursing staff on either side of the Taiwan Strait continue to increase. Since both nurses in Taiwan and nurses in China have adopted nursing information systems to improve health care processes and quality, it is necessary to investigate factors influencing nursing information system usage in nursing practice.

OBJECTIVE

This study examined the effects of cultural and other related factors on nurses’ intentions to use nursing information systems. The findings were expected to serve as an empirical base for further benchmarking and management of cross-strait nurses.

METHODS

This survey was conducted in two case hospitals (one in Taiwan and one in China). A total of 880 questionnaires were distributed (n=440 in each hospital).

RESULTS

The results showed effort expectancy had a significant effect on the intention to use nursing information systems of nurses in China (P=.003) but not nurses in Taiwan (P=.16).

CONCLUSIONS

Findings suggest nursing managers should adopt different strategies to motivate cross-strait nurses to use nursing information systems. Promoting effort expectancy is more likely to motivate nurses in China than in Taiwan. This discrepancy is probably due to the less hierarchical and more feminine society in Taiwan.
The Reach, Use, and Impact of a Free mHealth Mindfulness App in the General Population: Mobile Data Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Kozlov Elissa , Bantum Erin , Pagano Ian , Walser Robyn , Ramsey Kelly , Taylor Katherine , Jaworski Beth , Owen Jason
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

As smartphones are now used by most Americans, it is increasingly possible for mental health mobile apps to be disseminated to the general public. However, little is known about how mobile mental health apps are used by the general population outside of a controlled research design.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective is to describe how the general population engages with Mindfulness Coach, an iOS- and Android-based app designed to deliver a mindfulness training course.

METHODS

Using anonymous download and analytics data, we characterized the reach, usage, retention, and impact of Mindfulness Coach. We included mobile analytics data from all unique downloads of Mindfulness Coach between August 1, 2018, and April 8, 2019 (N=104,067) as well as starred reviews from all Mindfulness Coach users who provided reviews of the app as of March 1, 2020. Mindfulness characteristics were measured by an in-app assessment using the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire–Short Form (FFMQ-SF).

RESULTS

Users engaged, on average, in 4.3 visits to the app (SD 8.8; median 2; 90th percentile 8) and associated with an average total of 49.2 interactions with the app (ie, clicks within the app) (SD 113.8; median 19; 90th percentile 105). Users spent an average of 16.2 minutes (SD 63.1) engaged with the app over the full study time period. There were strong linear effects of app engagement on total FFMQ-SF scores. For example, FFMQ-SF scores were associated with more time spent engaged with the app (R2=.23; P<.001). Mindfulness Coach has been reviewed in the Google Play Store 3415 times, with an average rating of 4.7 out of 5 stars, and over 2000 times in the Apple App Store, with an average rating of 4.8 out of 5 stars.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that Mindfulness Coach has achieved substantial and sustained reach in the general population; however, it was used less frequently by many downloaders than researchers and designers intended. There was a subpopulation of users who engaged in the app regularly over an extended period of time, and there was a clear relationship between app use and improvements in mindfulness. To strengthen Mindfulness Coach’s public health impact, more research is needed to understand who is using the app and how, and to design strategies to increase user engagement in order for users to receive a larger dose of mindfulness treatment.
A Machine Learning–Based Algorithm for the Prediction of Intensive Care Unit Delirium (PRIDE): Retrospective Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hur Sujeong , Ko Ryoung-Eun , Yoo Junsang , Ha Juhyung , Cha Won Chul , Chung Chi Ryang
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Delirium frequently occurs among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). There is limited evidence to support interventions to treat or resolve delirium in patients who have already developed delirium. Therefore, the early recognition and prevention of delirium are important in the management of critically ill patients.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop and validate a delirium prediction model within 24 hours of admission to the ICU using electronic health record data. The algorithm was named the Prediction of ICU Delirium (PRIDE).

METHODS

This is a retrospective cohort study performed at a tertiary referral hospital with 120 ICU beds. We only included patients who were 18 years or older at the time of admission and who stayed in the medical or surgical ICU. Patients were excluded if they lacked a Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU record from the day of ICU admission or if they had a positive Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU record at the time of ICU admission. The algorithm to predict delirium was developed using patient data from the first 2 years of the study period and validated using patient data from the last 6 months. Random forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), deep neural network (DNN), and logistic regression (LR) were used. The algorithms were externally validated using MIMIC-III data, and the algorithm with the largest area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve in the external data set was named the PRIDE algorithm.

RESULTS

A total of 37,543 cases were collected. After patient exclusion, 12,409 remained as our study population, of which 3816 (30.8%) patients experienced delirium incidents during the study period. Based on the exclusion criteria, out of the 96,016 ICU admission cases in the MIMIC-III data set, 2061 cases were included, and 272 (13.2%) delirium incidents occurred. The average AUROCs and 95% CIs for internal validation were 0.916 (95% CI 0.916-0.916) for RF, 0.919 (95% CI 0.919-0.919) for XGBoost, 0.881 (95% CI 0.878-0.884) for DNN, and 0.875 (95% CI 0.875-0.875) for LR. Regarding the external validation, the best AUROC were 0.721 (95% CI 0.72-0.721) for RF, 0.697 (95% CI 0.695-0.699) for XGBoost, 0.655 (95% CI 0.654-0.657) for DNN, and 0.631 (95% CI 0.631-0.631) for LR. The Brier score of the RF model is 0.168, indicating that it is well-calibrated.

CONCLUSIONS

A machine learning approach based on electronic health record data can be used to predict delirium within 24 hours of ICU admission. RF, XGBoost, DNN, and LR models were used, and they effectively predicted delirium. However, with the potential to advise ICU physicians and prevent ICU delirium, prospective studies are required to verify the algorithm’s performance.
Spin: Ubiquitous, Fundamental, Purposeful: Its Complementary Interactions with Gravity
Authors: Raghuprasad Puthalath Koroth
Published: August 2020

In a prior article we explained how axial spin of celestial bodies interact with mutual gravitation in the phenomenon of synchronous rotation of our moon and the major moons of the gas giants. We also showed how the same complementary interactions could explain both the nonsynchronous (regular orbits) and the negative rotations in Venus, Uranus and Pluto, as well as in the peripheral small satellites of the gas giants. This paper expands on that theme and identifies the various other areas in which these two fundamental and ubiquitous forces cooperate to bring about many other phenomena in the larger universe. Prominent among these phenomena is the role played by the mother bodies’ axial rotation in determining the direction of the orbital motion of their satellite bodies. The other effects include the appearance and maintenance of the spherical shape of large celestial bodies, generation of magnetism in planets, their respective roles in the formation of solar nebulae and proto-planetary disks, and the flattened profile of spiral and elliptical galaxies. Another important finding reported in this paper is the close relationship that exists between the size of planets, as well as the stars, with their axial rotation speeds. This increase of axial rotation speed of celestial bodies in direct proportion to the mass of those bodies, we believe serves to counteract the inward thrust of gravity, in exact proportions and thus help maintain the roughly spherical contour of those bodies. This finding even extends to spiral galaxies, where the axial rotation speed seems to be positively related to the size of the galaxy. This phenomenon and others suggest that spin is a fundamental and purposeful property of matter. Thus, in this paper we stress the important contributions made by the collaborative interactions between the ubiquitous gravity and spin in matter at the level of the fundamental particles, as well as in large celestial bodies, including the largest units in the universe, the galaxies.
Cuencas atmosféricas, una variable ambiental para la planificación territorial. Estudio de caso: Valle de Sogamoso, Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Avellaneda-Cusaría Alfonso , Camelo-Olarte Daniela , Valbuena-Chávez Natalia , Caetano Ernesto , López-Bravo Clemente
Published: August 2020

Se presenta el análisis preliminar de cuencas atmosféricas con origen en el Valle de Sogamoso, Boyacá, Colombia, mediante la modelación del comportamiento de las parcelas de aire como herramienta para la planificación territorial. El estudio de caso se sitúa en uno de los corredores industriales de mayor emisión de contaminantes en Colombia, por tanto, es importante conocer el comportamiento de las variables meteorológicas, la topografía de la zona y la dinámica atmosférica que allí se desarrolla como consecuencia de relacionar las dos variables, para lograr la conformación y delimitación de la cuenca atmosférica. Se calculó por medio del modelo HYSPLIT, las trayectorias de parcelas de aire hacia adelante durante los meses de febrero y abril, estableciendo las temporadas secas y húmedas del año 2015. Se observó la circulación de parcelas de aire provenientes del Valle, hacia territorios que han presentado altos índices en contaminación atmosférica para el contaminante PM10 y se evidenció la relación de las variables meteorológicas y topográficas para delimitar la cuenca. Se proponen criterios para la planificación y ordenamiento territorial desde el enfoque de cuencas atmosféricas como unidad de gestión regional y apoyo a los sistemas de monitoreo de calidad del aire, con el fin de establecer una variable ambiental como eje principal para la toma de decisiones territoriales.
Friendly Combat Over Moral Combat: A Reply to My Critics
Authors: Hurd Heidi M.
Published: August 2020

En esta pieza respondo a los críticos que sostienen que el combate moral no sólo es posible, sino ubicuo. En opinión de algunos, la moralidad está relacionada con los roles, y por lo tanto el paquete único de razones para la acción que posee alguien dentro de un rol determinado puede dictar un curso de conducta que frustre las acciones requeridas de otros que no comparten ese rol. Otros críticos defienden, en cambio, el relativismo moral meta ético, del que se deduce que dos personas que provienen de culturas distintas pueden tener razón (en relación con sus “formas de vida” separadas) al frustrar las acciones del otro. Una tercera línea de ataque es la de los críticos que creen que ciertos valores morales de primer orden son inconmensurables, y que, por lo tanto, sostienen que dos personas pueden ser inocentes al perseguir objetivos inconmensurables, pero mutuamente incompatibles a expensas del otro. Como sostengo, estas tres estrategias no logran reivindicar la afirmación de que nuestra mejor teoría de la moralidad tolera los encuentros de gladiadores en los que el éxito moral de una persona requiere el fracaso moral de otra.
La interpretación de textos jurídicos
Authors: Adame Goddard Jorge
Published: August 2020

Es una exposición sintética del método hermenéutico aplicado especialmente a los textos jurídicos. Distingue la interpretación de textos jurídicos no imperativos, cuyo método interpretativo es el que corresponde a otros textos, dividido en tres partes: la crítica externa, la crítica interna y la crítica de autoridad, de la interpretación de textos imperativos, para los cuales puede bastar la interpretación declarativa común a otros textos, pero en muchos casos requieren de una interpretación normativa, o interpretación jurídica propiamente dicha, que puede ser la interpretación extensiva de una norma, la interpretación restrictiva, y la interpretación creativa o de integración de una norma nueva.
Literasi Visual Sebagai Penangkal Foto Hoax Covid-19
Authors: Widiatmojo Radityo
Published: August 2020

The spread of hoax on health issue is a compelling phenomenon in digital era. By focusing on visual literacy as a way to avoid hoax, this qualitative research attempts to find how visual hoax operated. The main concept of Visual Literacy proposed by Maria Avgerinou, reading the spectrum of an image by Roland Barthes and six dimension of photograph life by Widiatmojo are used to analysis visual hoax. The result shows that visual hoax on corona virus occurred as the time frame dimension were diminished, the meaning was changed as well as the narration of the original image, the topic was compromised, the lost of image quality and the distribution on social media by anonymous identity. Therefore, people need to have basic competence in visual literacy, which is the ability to understand visual language accompanied by the ability to think and analyze. It will make an individual produce a positive perception that should be use to avoid hoaxes.
Benchmarking the Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions Delaying Diabetes: A Simulation Study Based on NAVIGATOR Data
Authors: Leal Jose , Reed Shelby D. , Patel Rishi , Rivero-Arias Oliver , Li Yanhong , Schulman Kevin A. , Califf Robert M. , Holman Rury R. , Gray Alastair M.
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

To estimate using the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model Version 2 (UKPDS-OM2) the impact of delaying type 2 diabetes onset on costs and quality-adjusted life expectancy using trial participants who developed diabetes in the NAVIGATOR (Nateglinide And Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research) study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We simulated the impact of delaying diabetes onset by 1–9 years, utilizing data from the 3,058 of 9,306 NAVIGATOR trial participants who developed type 2 diabetes. Costs and utility weights associated with diabetes and diabetes-related complications were obtained for the U.S. and U.K. settings, with costs expressed in 2017 values. We estimated discounted lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) with 95% CIs.

RESULTS

Gains in QALYs increased from 0.02 (U.S. setting, 95% CI 0.01, 0.03) to 0.15 (U.S. setting, 95% CI 0.10, 0.21) as the imposed time to diabetes onset was increased from 1 to 9 years, respectively. Savings in complication costs increased from $1,388 (95% CI $1,092, $1,669) for a 1-year delay to $8,437 (95% CI $6,611, $10,197) for a delay of 9 years. Interventions costing up to $567–$2,680 and £201–£947 per year would be cost-effective at $100,000 per QALY and £20,000 per QALY thresholds in the U.S. and U.K., respectively, as the modeled delay in diabetes onset was increased from 1 to 9 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Simulating a hypothetical diabetes-delaying intervention provides guidance concerning the maximum cost and minimum delay in diabetes onset needed to be cost-effective. These results can inform the ongoing debate about diabetes prevention strategies and the design of future intervention studies.
Hyperglycemia at Hospital Admission Is Associated With Severity of the Prognosis in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: The Pisa COVID-19 Study
Authors: Coppelli Alberto , Giannarelli Rosa , Aragona Michele , Penno Giuseppe , Falcone Marco , Tiseo Giusy , Ghiadoni Lorenzo , Barbieri Greta , Monzani Fabio , Virdis Agostino , Menichetti Francesco , Del Prato Stefano ,   Pisa COVID-19 Study Group, Sabrina Agostini o Degl’Innocenti , Rachele Antognoli , Rubia Baldassarri , Pietro Bertini , Martina Biancalana , Matteo Borselli , Giulia Brizzi , Valeria Calsolario , Laura Carrozzi , Alessandro Celi , Francesco Cinotti , Alessandro Cipriano , Francesco Corradi , Salvatore De Marco , Alessandra Della Rocca , Francesco Forfori , Giovanna Forotti , Valentina Galfo , Fabio Guarracino , Paolo Malacarne , Stefano Masi , Alessandro Mengozzi , Marco Monfroni , Alessandra Morea , Elia Nencini , Naria Park , Simone Paterni , Chiara Piagnani , Francesca Ruberti , Massimo Santini , Maria Sciuto , Stefano Spinelli
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

To explore whether at-admission hyperglycemia is associated with worse outcomes in patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Hospitalized COVID-19 patients (N = 271) were subdivided based on at-admission glycemic status: 1) glucose levels <7.78 mmol/L (NG) (N = 149 [55.0%]; median glucose 5.99 mmol/L [range 5.38–6.72]), 2) known diabetes mellitus (DM) (N = 56 [20.7%]; 9.18 mmol/L [7.67–12.71]), and 3) no diabetes and glucose levels ≥7.78 mmol/L (HG) (N = 66 [24.3%]; 8.57 mmol/L [8.18–10.47]).

RESULTS

Neutrophils were higher and lymphocytes and PaO2/FiO2 lower in HG than in DM and NG patients. DM and HG patients had higher D-dimer and worse inflammatory profile. Mortality was greater in HG (39.4% vs. 16.8%; unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.20, 95% CI 1.27–3.81, P = 0.005) than in NG (16.8%) and marginally so in DM (28.6%; 1.73, 0.92–3.25, P = 0.086) patients. Upon multiple adjustments, only HG remained an independent predictor (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.03–3.15, P = 0.04). After stratification by quintile of glucose levels, mortality was higher in quintile 4 (Q4) (3.57, 1.46–8.76, P = 0.005) and marginally in Q5 (29.6%) (2.32, 0.91–5.96, P = 0.079) vs. Q1.

CONCLUSIONS

Hyperglycemia is an independent factor associated with severe prognosis in people hospitalized for COVID-19.
A REVOLUÇÃO RUSSA E O DIREITO À MORADIA: DE 1917 A 1945
Authors: Melo Wanderson Fabio
Published: August 2020

O texto analisa as medidas deflagradas após a Revolução Russa para enfrentar o déficit habitacional, os decretos revolucionários e os problemas da fase do “comunismo de guerra”. Posteriormente, os impactos na moradia com a NEP (Nova Política Econômica) e, por fim, com os Planos Quinquenais. A possibilidade apontada é que houve propostas e ações revolucionárias de política habitacional, mas a sociedade soviética não conseguiu resolver o problema da moradia popular até a II Guerra Mundial. Utiliza-se a análise histórica. As fontes são os decretos do período da revolução, escritos dos revolucionários, dados oficiais publicados pelos órgãos estatais, relatos de visitantes e materiais de análises sobre a União Soviética.
Identifikasi Zona Potensi Banjir Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis Menggunakan Metode Overlay dengan Scoring di Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Septian Ari , Elvarani Annisa Yulia , Putri Anisha Syafira , Maulia Ikram , Damayanti Ledia , Pahlevi Muhammad Zaki , Aswad Fatmawati Hajar
Published: August 2020

Banjir merupakan suatu bencana alam yang selalu terjadi di banyak kota dalam skala yang berbeda di mana air dengan jumlah debit yang berlebih berada di daratan rendah yang kering. Berdasarkan hal ini dilakukan penelitian rawan banjir di Kabupaten Agam Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder berupa data topografi, kemiringan lereng, geologi dan jenis tanah, serta data curah hujan dan data penggunaan lahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan agar bisa mendapatkan tingkat kerawanan banjir dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis Pada penginderaan jauh menggunakan Analisis Weighted Scorring yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk meng-identifikasi potensi bencana banjir suatu daerah. Kabupaten Agam memiliki luas daerah 2.232,30 Km2 atau (5,29%) dari luas total wilayah provinsi Sumatera Barat. Kabupaten Agam memiliki kondisi topografi yang bervariasi dan daerah ini merupakan daerah yang dikategorikan sebagai daerah yang rawan banjir dikarenakan memiliki intensitas rata-rata hujan yang cukup tinggi pada wilayah timur, hal ini juga didukung dengan topografi daerah kabupaten Agam yang didominasi oleh daratan yang curam, dan sistem drainase yang buruk yaitu lebih dari 50% wilayah Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat. Lalu data tutupan lahan sawah dan juga pemukiman dengan curah hujan tahunan sebesar 3200 - 3700 mm/thn, sehingga < 50% daerah ini berpotensi rawan banjir
PENGARUH MARKET VALUE, VARIANCE RETURN, DAN VOLUME PERDAGANGAN TERHADAP PERIODE KEPEMILIKAN SAHAM (HOLDING PERIOD)
Authors: Lubis Bintang Lakitang , Rifai Ahmad , Harori M. Iqbal
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of market value, variance return and trading volume on the holding period. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling method and obtained as many as 6 companies listed in the IDXBUMN20 index. The data analysis technique used multiple regression panel data models and using the analysis tool Eviews 9. Based on the t test (partial) shows that the market value, variance return and trading volume has significantly effect and negative relationship on holding period in a partial way. Based on the F test (simultaneous) shows that the market value, variance return and trading volume have significantly effect on the holding period.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berbasis Pengembangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Wastutiningsih Sri Peni , Dewi Titis Puspita
Published: August 2020

Era revolusi 4.0 mendorong masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan internet sebagai wahana digital marketing. Masyarakat utamanya yang bergerak di bidang usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) memiliki jangkauan pasar yang lebih luas dengan penggunaan internet atau pemasaran  berbasis online lainnya. Hal tersebut mendorong akademisi sebagai bagian dari masyarakat untuk berperan aktif dalam menginisiasi, mendorong, dan mendampingi realisasi digital marketing tersebut, salah satunya telah dilakukan tim UGM di Desa Giriharjo, Kecamatan Panggang, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Masyarakat Desa Giriharjo memiliki potensi usaha pangan lokal maupun handycraft yang dapat dikembangkan melalui digital marketing. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi fungsi dan dampak digital marketing yang telah diterapkan dalam proses pemberdayaan masyarakat. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya fungsi manifes berupa peningkatan jumlah penjualan dan omzet yang diperoleh pengusaha melalui digital marketing sedangkan fungsi latennya berupa perubahan gaya hidup masyarakat perdesaan yang menjadi konsumtif semenjak mengenal dunia internet.