bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(How) Can Recent Cognitive Studies Contribute to Literary Interpretation?
Authors: Locatelli Angela
Published: August 2020

This essay wishes to engage with the crucial issue of the interpretation of literary texts from the specific perspective of the rise of Cognitive Sciences in the past two or three decades.

One of the stimulating, but also controversial elements of Cognitive Literary Studies is the variety of denominations of the field itself. Different labels have been adopted to define it, including: “Cognitive Poetics”, “Cognitive Semiotics”, “Cognitive Stylistics”, “Cognitive Literary Studies”, “Cognitive Criticism”, and “Cognitive Literary Science”.

A crucial problem that has variously been dealt with but that still remains open to discussion (and has sometimes promoted a questioning of the usefulness of the neurosciences in the interpretation of literary works), is the problem of the affordances of a cognitive approach to the specificity of literary artifacts. This contribution will therefore address and investigate this timely topic and illustrate aspects of the dynamics of literary interpretation that the cognitive sciences have recently productively developed.

In particular, it will focus on the following elements: various perspectives in “the neurohumanities”, “literariness and the brain”, “the respective contribution of the cognitive sciences and of literature to the knowledge of the human mind”.
An Efficient Approach of Threat Hunting Using Memory Forensics
Authors: Javeed Danish , Khan Muhammad Taimoor , Ahmad Ijaz , Iqbal Tahir , Badamasi Umar Mohammed , Ndubuisi Cosmas Obiora , Umar Aliyu
Published: August 2020

The capacity and occurrence of new cyber-attacks have shattered in recent years. Such measures have very complicated workflows and comprise multiple illegal actors and organizations. Threat hunting demonstrates the process of proactively searching through networks for threats based on zero-day attacks by repeating the hunting process again and again. Unlike threat intelligence, it uses different automated security tools to collect logs in order to provide a pattern for making new intelligence-based tools by following those logs. According to our research findings about “threat hunting tools” there’s a major flaw that the designed tools are limited to the collection of logs. It works completely on logs for generating new patterns avoiding system’s main memory. Codes written directly to memory fail this process to provide proactive hunting. To overcome this major challenge, we are proposing two distinct methods, either by generating malicious code alerts or by binding memory forensics processes with threat hunting tools to make active hunting possible
La educación en ciencias: un espacio para la configuración de subjetividad ética-política
Authors: Henao Sierra Berta Lucila
Published: August 2020

Este escrito presenta consideraciones acerca de los desafíos y posibilidades que hoy tiene la educación en ciencias, como campo de conocimiento y práctica cultural. En este horizonte, dirigimos la mirada a la formación de sujetos críticos comprometidos con la construcción de alternativas de solución a problemáticas inherentes a un mundo caracterizado por la presencia de las tecno-ciencias y sus implicaciones socioculturales. Aludimos a una formación en ciencias, inseparable de la configuración de subjetividad ético-política; opción formativa que concretamos en una propuesta pedagógica centrada en discusiones y acciones en torno a problemas sociocientíficos (PSC). Al respecto, transitamos por algunas preguntas inherentes a dicha propuesta: la primera, relacionada con las problemáticas que pretenden atender al por qué de la misma; la segunda, referida a los propósitos que conlleva, es decir, el para qué; la tercera y cuarta, aluden a qué cuestiones conviene trabajar y cómo tratar pedagógicamente asuntos que permitan a los estudiantes aprender ciencias, al tiempo que se configuran como sujetos políticos en resistencia a los dogmatismos, al antropocentrismo y al consumismo.
Infraestructura verde y planeación urbana, elementos clave para una ciudad sustentable
Authors: Ceballos Pérez Sergio Gabriel
Published: August 2020

La población urbana sigue creciendo y con ello los desafíos ambientales, alimentarios y energéticos que enfrentan las nuevas generaciones, problemas directamente vinculados con el espacio y los recursos. Por lo cual es necesario entender cómo se desarrollan las nuevas ciudades y reorganizar las existentes para cumplir con esta condición de hacerlas sustentables. El presente texto tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión crítica del concepto de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (DUS), de las aportaciones teórico conceptuales existentes hasta la fecha, así como la consideración de dos variables de primer orden del DUS: la infraestructura y la planeación. Sin atender estas variables, el desarrollo urbano seguirá siendo el mismo, son necesidades de fondo que tienen que ver con el manejo del espacio y un consumo más eficiente de recursos naturales y servicios ambientales (llámese así al consumo que reduce sus niveles de contaminación y desecho). La infraestructura verde dentro de este texto la consideramos como un valor y espacio público determinante de la sustentabilidad en las ciudades, aun cuando estas no alcancen a proveer el total de los servicios ambientales, sin embargo, es necesario determinar un porcentaje mínimo que debe cubrir con el propósito de justificar su presencia dentro del espacio urbano y del concepto de desarrollo urbano sustentable.
Homicidio de pareja en España (2007-2016): tiempo entre denuncia, valoración policial del riesgo y muerte
Authors: Santos Hermoso Jorge , González Álvarez José Luis
Published: August 2020

Uno de cada siete homicidios en el mundo lo comete la pareja de la víctima, siendo la proporción de mujeres víctimas mortales seis veces mayor que la de los hombres. En España el homicidio de la mujer en las relaciones de pareja (feminicidio) también es una causa principal de muerte violenta. Entre 2007 y 2016 se contabilizaron en España 602 feminicidios, de los cuales 94 tenían denuncia previa, y 85 de ellas valoración policial del riesgo conforme al Protocolo del Sistema VioGén. Para valorar el impacto de la denuncia y de la protección policial sobre la muerte, se han estudiado los intervalos temporales entre la fecha de la muerte y las de primera denuncia (M=485,99) y última valoración policial del riesgo (M=194,21 días). Se encontró que la denuncia no se asocia con la muerte, y que en los casos con menor nivel de riesgo transcurre mucho más tiempo entre denuncia, valoración policial de riesgo y muerte, especialmente en el conjunto con menos seguimiento policial.
Implementasi E-Learning dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kreativitas Dosen dan Mahasiswa di STAI Alhikmah Jakarta
Authors: Abusiri Abusiri , Ekawati Ekawati , Khotimah Sita Husnul
Published: August 2020

The development of information technology and computer that
develops very fast has positive impact on the daily life of society. The
development of technology results in so many community services
that have implemented ICT (Information and Communication
Technology). In business, we often hear the term of e-business
or e-commerce, in Governancy it is often called by e-government,
and in the field of education it is known by e-learning. E-learning
is an education system that uses electronic application to support
learning and teaching activity using internet media or computer
networks. To find out the utilization of e-learning by lecturers
and students as learning media, in-depth study needs to be
conducted. Islamic Religion College ALHIKMAH Jakarta is a
college institution that tries to apply information technology and
communication as the basis of learning and teaching process in
every subject course held.
Keywords: Implementation, E-Learning, Creativity

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komputer yang sangat
cepat, berdampak positif pada kehidupan di masyarakat
sehari-hari. Perkembangan teknologi menghasilkan begitu
banyak layanan masyarakat sudah mengimplementasikan ICT
(Information and Communication Technology). Dalam bisnis
sering kita dengar dengan istilah e-business atau e-commerce, di
dunia pemerintahan biasa disebut dengan istilah e-government
dan bagi dunia pendidikan dikenal dengan istilah e-learning.
E-learning adalah sistem pendidikan yang menggunakan
aplikasi elektronik untuk mendukung belajar mengajar dengan
menggunakan media Internet atau jaringan komputer, maupun
dengan komputer standalone. Untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan
e-learning oleh dosen dan mahasiswa sebagai media
pembelajaran perlu dilakukan kajian secara mendalam. Sekolah
Tinggi Agama Islam ALHIKMAH Jakarta merupakan sebuah
lembaga perguruan tinggi yang mencoba menggunakan teknologi
informasi dan komunikasi sebagai dasar dalam setiap proses
belajar mengajar di setiap mata kuliah yang diselenggarakannya.
Kata Kunci: Implementasi, E-Learning, Kreativitas
Majaz Al-Qur'an dalam Perspektif Sejarah (Studi Perbandingan antara Abi Ubaidah, al-Jahizh dan Qadhi ‘Abdul Jabbar)
Authors: Ekawati Ekawati
Published: August 2020

The aims of this paper are: (1) to analyze the paradigm of Abi
Ubaidah, al-jahizh and Qadhi ‘Abdul Jabbar about the metaphors
of The Koran from the historical point of view. (2) to interpret
and describe metaphors analytically as one of the aesthetics
of language styles in The Koran. This paper applies qualitative
approach to discuss the problems as well as library research with
comparative and comprehensive analysis method. It means
that to know the paradigm of “mufassir” and metaphors in The
Koran, the writer should know the similarities and differences
among “mufassir' opinions, especially in the interpretation of
controversial verses. To obtain the data of those three “mufassir”
the writer uses historical approach. Abi Ubaidah and al-Farra’
have a great distribution in revealing the secret of the verses in
The Koran, especially the meaning of metaphors. Both “mufassir”
are the pioneers and inspirators of the next followers such as Al-
Jahizh, Ubnu Qutaibah and Al-Qodhi, ‘Abdul Jabbar. The result
of their thoughts will be inherited to the next generation as the
medium of streng their belifs .
Keywords: Majāz, Sejarah, al-Qur’an

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengkaji cara pandang Abi
Ubaidah, al-Jahizh dan al-Qadhi ‘Abdul Jabbar tentang majāz
al-Qur’an ditinjau dari perspektif sejarah. (2) menginterpretasi
atau mendeskripsikan secara analitis tentang Majāz sebagai
salah satu bentuk keindahan gaya bahasa al-Qur’an. Tulisan ini
menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Dan untuk membahas
persoalan yang ada dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan
penelitian kepustakaan (library research), dengan pendekatan
metode analisis komprehensif dan komparatif. Artinya, untuk
mengetahui cara bergulirnya pandangan para mufassir tentang
majāz dalam al-Qur’an, terlebih dahulu harus dilihat segi
persamaan dan perbedaan antara dua atau lebih pendapat mereka
pada lafazh atau ayat yang diperselisihkan penafsirannya. Untuk
mendapatkan data mengenai ketiga tokoh tersebut, digunakan
pendekatan sejarah. Abi Ubaidah dan al-Farra’ memiliki andil
yang cukup besar dalam menguak rahasia kandungan susunan
kalimat baik al-Qur’an maupun bahasa Arab dalam pengertian
majāzī-nya. Keduanya merupakan pioner dan pembawa obor
bagi generasi selanjutnya seperti al-Jahizh, Ibnu Qutaibah, dan
Qadhi ‘Abdul jabbar. Hasil dari kedua pemikir tersebut, generasi
selanjutnya dapat menjadikan ta’wīl al-Qur’an sebagai media
memperteguh iman mereka.
Kata Kunci: Majāz, Sejarah, al-Qur’an
PENGARUH STABILITAS MONETER TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN NASIONAL
Authors: Supriyatna Rio Kartika , Junaedi Dedi , Novita Evi
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives of this research is to analyze: Does monetary stability affect Indonesia's GDP?; Does the difference ingovernance regimes affect the governance of monetary stability in supporting the achievement of Indonesia's GDP?; Doesmonetary stability affect Indonesia's per capita income (PCI)?; Does the difference in government regimes affect themanagement of monetary stability in supporting the achievement of Indonesia's per capita income (PCI)?.The research method uses descriptive-quantitative analysis with saturated sampling techniques and secondary datafrom Bank Indonesia, the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the WorldBank, and other reference sources. The data is in the form of time series data from the period 1990-2019. The dependentvariable is the value of GDP and GDP per capita (ICP). While the independent variable: the exchange rate, the money supply,the inflation rate, direct investment, financing, the state budget, the amount of debt (US $), the number of exports, the numberof imports, and the dummy variable period of the reform era government with the era of the New Order Government(Soeharto) as comparison or reference. The processed data were analyzed in quantitative descriptive with multipleregression models with dummy variables.The result is that some indicators of monetary stability (money supply, exchange rate, BI rate, investment, imports, andthe state budget) have a significant effect on the economy (GDP). While inflation, financing and foreign debt did notsignificantly affect GDP achievement. The Reformation government regimes (BJ Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid, MegawatiSukarnoputeri, Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and Joko Widodo) are different and better than the New Order (Soeharto)government in managing stability towards achieving GDP. The econometrics model is GDP$ = 178,542 + 0.0999 * M1M2 -0.0186 * EXCHANGE $ + 9.5872 * BI_RATE + 1.1935 * INVEST $ - 0.000225 * IMPORT + 0.181 * APBN + 182.488 * REZIM1 +171.038 * REZIM2 + 199.86 * REZIM3 + REVIMIM3 + 214.599 * REZIM5. Some indicators of monetary stability (money supply,exchange rate, BI rate, investment, import and APBN) also have a significant effect on GDP per capita. While inflation,financing and foreign debt did not significantly affect the achievement of GDP per capita. The Reform era government regime(BJ Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid, Megawati Sukarnoputeri, Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and Joko Widodo) differed andmore better than the New Order era administration (Soeharto) in governance stability. to the achievement of GDP per capita.The econometric model: PCIUS$ = 5.7594 + 0.0032 * M1M2 - 0.0006 * EXCHANGE$ + 0.3092 * BI_RATE + 0.0385 * INVEST$ -0.0000072 * IMPORT + 0.0058 * APBN + 5.8867 * REZIM1 + 5.5173 * REZIM2 + 6.4471 * REZIM3 + 6.ZZ * REZIM5.JEL CLASSIFICATION: E52, E58, E63Keywords: economy, financial, GDP, monetary, PCI, stability
MOTIVASI BELAJAR MEMPENGARUHI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Simanjuntak Harlen
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine how much motivation to learn affects the learning outcomes of fifth grade students in elementary schools 064021 Medan City. The method used is a quantitative correlational method with data collection techniques by means of library research and field research through interviews, observations and documentation. With the results of the calculation of the correlation number of variable X (learning motivation) to the variable Y (learning outcomes) of 0.965. This means that the effect of learning motivation on student learning outcomes in grade V SDN 064021 Medan Helvetia Medan city is very high.

Keywords: learning motivation, influencing, learning outcomes, students
IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN KESISWAAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS AKADEMIK PESERTA DIDIK DI SMP IT AT-THOHIRIAH
Authors: Rahmatullah M Najmudin , Tholkhah Imam , Primarni Amie
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

 Management is a process of activities that are planned and carried out intentionally and continuously to all students in the relevant educational institutions in order to be able to participate in the learning and teaching process effectively and efficiently.  Learning achievement is the level of humanity students have in accepting, rejecting and assessing the information obtained in the teaching and learning process.  A person's learning achievement is in accordance with the level of success of something in learning subject matter which is expressed in the form of grades or report cards for each field of study after experiencing the teaching and learning process.  This study aims to determine the extent of implementation, acceptance, student management, efforts made, as well as the implications of the application of student management in At-Thiriiriah Junior High School in improving the quality of students.  This study uses a qualitative approach using a type of case study research by taking a background in At-Thiriahah Junior High School, Gunung Bunder I, Pamijahan, Bogor.  Data collection is done by interview, observation and documentation.  Data analysis uses descriptive analysis method.  Based on the process of data collection and data analysis, researchers can conclude several things including: (1) The application of student management that takes place at At-Thiriahah IT Junior High is classified as good, where the concept of student management starts from the  planning and implementation of new students, monitoring or control and evaluation can be applied by all at IT Thohiriah Junior High School.  (2) In an effort made by schools related to student management to improve the quality of students in At-Thiriahah Junior High School, among others: improving discipline including a).  At-Thiriahah Junior High School students arrive at 07.00 WIB, b) Wearing Uniforms.  (3) As for the implications of the implementation of student management to improve the quality of students in At-Thiriah Gunung Bunder I Junior High School, seen from the academic achievement in the form of UN scores that have increased, non-academic achievements achieved  by At-Thiriahah IT Middle School students have also increased, and graduates of At-Thiriiriah IT Middle School were accepted into public and private schools.

 Keywords: Student Management, Academic Quality of Students
Stem cell-like circulating tumor cells indicate poor prognosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Yi-Wen Wang , Long-Long Li , Ming Lu , Hao Li , Kong-Wang Hu
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have the characteristics of cancer stem cells and play an important role in the recurrence and metastasis of tumors. CD44 is a surface marker molecule for gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) and can be used to identify and isolate GCSCs. Here, we investigated the effect of CD44 protein expression, circulating tumor cells, and CD44-positive CTCs on the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC).

Material and methods

Blood samples from 58 GC patients being treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from August 2015 to October 2016 were obtained before surgery. The cancer tissues from 58 GC patients after surgery and the same amount of adjacent normal tissues 5 cm away from the center of the cancer tissues were collected as controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD44 expression in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Immunomagnetically negative enrichment combined with im-FISH was used to detect CTCs and CD44-positive CTCs in gastric cancer patients.

Results

Circulating tumor cells were detected in 44 of 58 patients, and CD44 protein was positive in 34 cases of GC. The presence of CTCs and CD44 is significantly associated with depth of tumor infiltration, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and recurrence (p < 0.01). Twenty-nine of 44 CTC-positive patients had CD44-positive CTCs. The patients with CD44-positive CTCs were more likely to develop recurrence than patients with CD44-negative CTCs (p < 0.01). Furthermore, 28 of 29 patients with CD44-positive CTCs developed recurrent disease, and the mean time to recurrence was shorter than that in patients with CD44-negative CTCs (16.030 ±5.268 and 21.800 ±4.601 months; p < 0.01). The Cox proportional hazards model indicated that the presence of CD44-positive CTCs and TNM stage were independent predictors of recurrence for GC (p = 0.044 and 0.035).

Conclusions

The detection of stem cell characteristics of GC CTCs can provide more prognostic information than simply detecting GC CTCs and GC CD44 expression.
miR-338-3p attenuates oxaliplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells via targeting thrombospondin-1
Authors: Lin Yueying , Sun Dali , Xu Qingwen , Li Yijun , Sun Yanbo , Li Shumin , Cen Yunyun , Sun Feng
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Oxaliplatin resistance (OR) as a poor prognostic factor is closely associated with gastric cancer (GC) recurrence and metastasis. The present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy resistance of GC.

Material and methods

Two acquired OR strains (BGC-823-OR and MGC-803-OR) were generated by long-term oxaliplatin induction. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were evaluated using CCK-8, TUNEL staining and transwell assay, respectively. THBS1 as a direct target of miR-338-3p was validated using the bioinformatics algorithm and luciferase reporter assay. qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to measure gene and protein expression, respectively.

Results

miR-338-3p was significantly down-regulated, and THBS1 protein level was significantly up-regulated in BGC-823-OR and MGC-803-OR cells compared with parental cell lines. Overexpression of miR-338-3p elevated oxaliplatin sensitivity in BGC-823-OR and MGC-803-OR cells. In addition, we revealed that THBS1 was a direct target of miR-338-3p. Overexpression of miR-338-3p or silence of THBS1 inhibited growth, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis in BGC-823-OR and MGC-803-OR cells.

Conclusions

miR-338-3p appeared to obtund oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy resistance of GC cells by repression of THBS1. The miR-338-3p/ THBS1 signaling axis might be a prospective therapeutic target to mitigate chemotherapy resistance in GC.
Long-term survival of carotid stenting patients with
regard to single- or double-vessel carotid artery
disease: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Veselka Josef , Hajek Petr , Štěchovský Cyril , Horváth Martin , Adlová Radka , Roland Robert , Homolová Ingrid , Hansvenclová Eva , Zimolová Petra
Published: August 2020

Introduction

There is lack of long-term data outside of controlled clinical trials in carotid artery stenting (CAS). In this study, we compared the short-term outcome, long-term survival, and rate of re-interventions for restenosis in patients after CAS, related to the extent of carotid atherosclerosis classified as single-vessel (unilateral) or double-vessel (bilateral) carotid artery disease.

Material and methods

We retrospectively evaluated 599 patients with significant carotid artery stenosis, who underwent 763 CAS procedures, and used the propensity score to match 226 pairs (452 patients) in the single- or double-vessel carotid disease.

Results

There was no significant difference in the occurrence of in-hospital major adverse events (3.5% vs. 3.1% of patients in the double-vessel carotid group vs. the single-vessel carotid group; p = 1) The mean follow-up was 6.1 ±4.0 years, and a total of 181 (40%) deaths occurred during 2759 patient-years, which translates into 7.8 and 5.3 deaths per 100 patient-years in the double-vessel carotid group and the single-vessel carotid group, respectively (p < 0.01). The survival in the double-vessel carotid group vs. the single-vessel carotid group at 10 years was 46% (95% CI: 38–54%) vs. 55% (95% CI: 47–63%) (p < 0.01). Twenty-four (11%) patients and 6 (3%) patients underwent re-interventions for restenosis in the double-vessel and the single-vessel carotid disease group, respectively (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Patients with CAS and significant double-vessel carotid artery disease had similar peri-procedural risk, but had a worse long-term survival, and a higher rate of re-interventions for restenosis compared to the single-vessel carotid artery disease patients.
Drip loss assessment by EZ and bag methods and their relationship with pH value and color in mutton
Authors: Kaić Ana , Kasap Ante , Širić Ivan , Mioč Boro
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Drip loss, pH value, and color are among the important traits that
determine meat quality. Contrary to pH and color, the method associated with
drip loss is not yet standardized, and literature data are difficult to
compare. Besides, to our knowledge, there is no research comparing drip loss
methods and their relation with pH and color in mutton. This study aimed to
assess drip loss measurements in mutton taken by different methods (EZ and
bag – BM) and their relationship with pH values and color. Mutton samples
(Musculus longissimus thoracis et lumborum) originating from 20 ewes of Istrian sheep were used to examine the effect
of the method on drip loss after 24 h (EZ24 vs. BM24) and 48 h
(EZ48 vs. BM48). Furthermore, correlations between drip
loss, pH value, and color were analyzed. The statistical analysis was
conducted in R programming environment by using different packages. Within
the EZ method there was no significant difference (p>0.05)
between ventral and dorsal sample cores used for the assessment of EZ drip
loss. Drip loss measured with the same method at two different points of
time (24 and 48 h) differed significantly (p<0.001). There was
also a significant difference in drip loss determined by different methods
(EZ vs. BM) at the same point of time. There were significant (p<0.05) correlations between pH45 min and all color parameters (L*4,
a*, b*). The L*, a*, and b* parameters were highly correlated (p<0.001). The strongest correlation occurred between a* and b* parameter
(r=0.93). Correlations between drip loss by EZ method and other meat
quality attributes were low and not significant. The b* parameter correlated
with BM24 (r=0.46) and BM48 (r=0.58), while a* correlated only
with BM48 (r=0.50). The correlations between the EZ24 and
BM24 as well as between the EZ48 and BM48 were both non-significant
(p>0.05). Drip loss cannot be predicted with sufficient accuracy
by using pH and color. EZ and BM method in mutton do not provide equivalent
results for measuring drip loss. Comparisons of the results obtained with
different methods should be avoided or at least performed with great
precaution.
Evaluating the sensitivity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) simulations to chemical mechanism in Delhi
Authors: Jena Chinmay , Ghude Sachin D. , Kulkarni Rachana , Debnath Sreyashi , Kumar Rajesh , Soni Vijay Kumar , Acharja Prodip , Kulkarni Santosh H. , Khare Manoj , Kaginalkar Akshara J. , Chate Dilip M. , Ali Kaushar , Nanjundiah Ravi S. , Rajeevan Madhavan N.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Elevated levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during winter-time have become one of the most important environmental concerns over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region of India, and particularly for Delhi. Accurate reconstruction of PM2.5, its optical properties, and dominant chemical components over this region is essential to evaluate the performance of the air quality models. In this study, we investigated the effect of three different aerosol mechanisms coupled with gas-phase chemical schemes on simulated PM2.5 mass concentration in Delhi using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with the Chemistry module (WRF-Chem). The model was employed to cover the entire northern region of India at 10 km horizontal spacing. Results were compared with comprehensive filed data set on dominant PM2.5 chemical compounds from the Winter Fog Experiment (WiFEX) at Delhi, and surface PM2.5 observations in Delhi (17 sites), Punjab (3 sites), Haryana (4 sites), Uttar Pradesh (7 sites) and Rajasthan (17 sites). The Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART-4) gas-phase chemical mechanism coupled with the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) aerosol scheme (MOZART-GOCART) were selected in the first experiment as it is currently employed in the operational air quality forecasting system of Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India. Other two simulations were performed with the MOZART-4 gas-phase chemical mechanism coupled with the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOZART-MOSAIC), and Carbon Bond 5 (CB-05) gas-phase mechanism couple with the Modal Aerosol Dynamics Model for Europe/Secondary Organic Aerosol Model (CB05-MADE/SORGAM) aerosol mechanisms. The evaluation demonstrated that chemical mechanisms affect the evolution of gas-phase precursors and aerosol processes, which in turn affect the optical depth and overall performance of the model for PM2.5. All the three coupled schemes, MOZART-GOCART, MOZART-MOSAIC, and CB05-MADE/SORGAM, underestimate the observed concentrations of major aerosol composition (NO3−, SO42−, Cl−, BC, OC, and NH4+) and precursor gases (HNO3, NH3, SO2, NO2, and O3) over Delhi. Comparison with observations suggests that the simulations using MOZART-4 gas-phase chemical mechanism with MOSAIC aerosol performed better in simulating aerosols over Delhi and its optical depth over the IGP. The lowest NMB (−18.8 %, MB = −27.4 μg/m3) appeared for the simulations using MOZART-MOSAIC scheme, whereas the NMB was observed 32.5 % (MB = −47.5 μg/m3) for CB05-MADE/SORGAM and −53.3 % (MB = −78 μg/m3) for MOZART-GOCART scheme.
Estimating immediate post-fire carbon fluxes using the eddy-covariance technique
Authors: Oliveira Bruna R. F. , Schaller Carsten , Keizer J. Jacob , Foken Thomas
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Wildfires typically affect multiple forest ecosystem services, with carbon sequestration being affected both directly, through the combustion of vegetation, litter and soil organic matter, and indirectly, through perturbation of the energy and matter balances. Post-fire carbon fluxes continue poorly studied at the ecosystem scale, especially during the initial window-of-disturbance when changes in environmental conditions can be very pronounced due to the deposition and subsequent mobilization of a wildfire ash layer and the recovery of the vegetation. Therefore, an eddy-covariance system was installed in a burnt area as soon as possible after a wildfire that had occurred on 13 August 2017, and has been operating from the 43rd post-fire day onwards. The study site was specifically selected in a Mediterranean woodland area dominated by Maritime Pine stands with a low stature that had burnt at high severity. The carbon fluxes recorded during the first post-fire hydrological year tended to be very low, so that a specific procedure for the analysis and, in particular, gap filling of the eddy covariance data had to be developed. Still, the carbon fluxes varied noticeably during the first post-fire year, broadly revealing five consecutive periods. During the rainless period after the wildfire, fluxes were reduced but, somewhat surprisingly, indicated a net assimilation. With the onset of the autumn rainfall, fluxes increased and corresponded to a net emission, while they became insignificant with the start of the winter. From the mid winter onwards, net fluxes became negative, indicating a weak carbon update during spring followed by a strong uptake during summer. Over the first post-fire year as a whole, the cumulative net ecosystem exchange was −347 g C m−2, revealing a relatively fast recovery of the carbon sink function of the ecosystem. This recovery was mainly due to understory species, both resprouter and seeder species, since pine recruitment was reduced. Specific periods during the first post-fire year were analyzed in detail for improving process understanding. Perhaps most surprisingly, dew formation and, more specifically, its subsequent evaporation was found to play a role in carbon emissions during the rainless period immediately after fire, involving a mechanism distinct from de-gassing of the ash/soil pores by infiltrating water. The use of a special wavelet technique was fundamental for this inference.
Enhancement of the North Atlantic CO2 sink by Arctic Waters
Authors: Olafsson Jon , Olafsdottir Solveig R. , Takahashi Taro , Danielsen Magnus , Arnarson Thorarinn S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The North Atlantic north of 50° N is one of the most intense ocean sink areas for atmospheric CO2 considering the flux per unit area, 0.27 Pg-C yr−1, equivalent to −2.5 mol C m−2 yr−1. The Northwest Atlantic Ocean is a region with high anthropogenic carbon inventories. This is on account of processes which sustain CO2 air-sea fluxes, in particular strong seasonal winds, ocean heat loss, deep convective mixing and CO2 drawdown by primary production. The region is in the northern limb of the Global Thermohaline Circulation, a path for the long term deep sea sequestration of carbon dioxide. The surface water masses in the North Atlantic are of contrasting origins and character, on the one hand the northward flowing North Atlantic Drift, a Gulf Stream offspring, on the other hand southward moving cold low salinity Polar and Arctic Waters with signatures from Arctic freshwater sources. We have studied by observations, the CO2 air-sea flux of the relevant water masses in the vicinity of Iceland in all seasons and in different years. Here we show that the highest ocean CO2 influx is to the Arctic and Polar waters, respectively, −3.8 mol C m−2 yr−1 and −4.4 mol C m−2 yr−1. These waters are CO2 undersaturated in all seasons. The Atlantic Water is a weak or neutral sink, near CO2 saturation, after poleward drift from subtropical latitudes. These characteristics of the three water masses are confirmed by data from observations covering 30 years. We relate the Polar and Arctic Water persistent undersaturation and CO2 influx to the excess alkalinity derived from Arctic sources, particularly the Arctic rivers. Carbonate chemistry equilibrium calculations indicate clearly that the excess alkalinity may support a significant portion of the North Atlantic CO2 sink. The Arctic contribution to the North Atlantic CO2 sink which we reveal is previously unrecognized. However, we point out that there are gaps and conflicts in the knowledge about the Arctic alkalinity budget and that future trends in the North Atlantic CO2 sink are connected to developments in the rapidly warming Arctic. The results we present need to be taken into consideration for the question: Will the North Atlantic continue to absorb CO2 in the future as it has in the past?
TOWARDS APPLICATION OF LANDINFRA STANDARD FOR HIGHWAY MANAGEMENT IN KOREA
Authors: Buuveibaatar M. , Kim M. G. , Shin S. P.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. This paper presents the modeling of the 44 registration subjects officially recorded in the road register of Korea to an international geospatial open standard. Due to current requirements, needs in road management and maintenance, road register data management must be improved as more data is accumulated and collected. Most importantly the metadata concerning road register assets is increasingly important in terms of data quality. This work discussed how OGC LandInfra international open standard will possibly be applied to the Korean Road Register for Highway Management and Maintenance. As a result, we proposed an OGC LandInfra standard-based road data model showing the standard can possibly be applied to the road register.
TOWARDS INTEGRATION OF LADM AND CITYGML FOR THE CADASTRAL SYSTEM OF TURKEY
Authors: Surmeneli H. G. , Koeva M. N. , Zevenbergen J. A. , Alkan M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. With the rapid urbanization and the dynamics in land transactions, Turkish cadastre, as in many other countries, is facing challenges in the daily recording of sales, donations, taxations, and mortgages on land. Especially with the modern constructions and complex interrelationships of rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRR), the third dimension should not be forgotten. In this context, the design of a new cadastre data model for Turkey is essential. Inspired by this need, with this study, we aim in proposing a new cadastre model based on international standards such as Land Administration Data Model (LADM) and CityGML. LADM represents the legal and administrative aspects of the cadastral objects but does not show the semantic and 3D geometrical representation of physical cadastral objects which are required for the process of 3D cadastre. Therefore, in the paper, we propose an Application Domain Extension (ADE) for the cadastral objects that expands the integration of LADM and CityGML data model with the legal and administrative concepts defined in the Turkish Law. The study presents a detailed overview of the Turkish legal cadastre system and a proposal for its physical realization based on international standards. In addition, the developed ADE is also valuable for cadastral services undertaken by the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (GDLRC). It could also be used as a basis of a 3D national data standard for cadastral information systems.
Landslide susceptibility assessment based on different machine-learning methods in Zhaoping County of eastern Guangxi
Authors: Kong Chunfang , Xu Kai , Wang Junzuo , Wu Chonglong , Liu Gang
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Regarding the ever increasing and frequent occurrence of serious landslide disaster in eastern Guangxi, the current study were implemented to adopt support vector machines (SVM), particle swarm optimization support vector machines (PSO-SVM), random forest (RF), and particle swarm optimization random forest (PSO-RF) methods to assess landslide susceptibility by Zhaoping County. To this end, 10 landslide disaster-related causal variables including digital elevation model (DEM)-derived, meteorology-derived, Landsat8-derived, geology-derived, and human activities factors were selected for running four machine-learning (ML) methods, and landslide susceptibility evaluation maps were produced. Then, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, and field investigation were performed to verify the efficiency of these models. Analysis and comparison of the results denoted that all four ML models performed well for the landslide susceptibility evaluation as indicated by the values of ROC curves – from 0.863 to 0.934. Moreover, the results also indicated that the PSO algorithm has a good effect on SVM and FR models. In addition, such a result also revealed that the PSO-RF and PSO-SVM models have the strong robustness and stable performance, and those two models are promising methods that could be transferred to other regions for landslide susceptibility evaluation.
Improvements to the use of the Trajectory-Adaptive Multilevel Sampling algorithm for the study of rare events
Authors: Wang Pascal , Castellana Daniele , Dijkstra Henk
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The Trajectory-Adaptive Multilevel Sampling (TAMS) is a promising method to determine probabilities of noise induced transition in multi-stable high-dimensional dynamical systems. In this paper, we focus on two improvements of the current algorithm related to (i) the choice of the target set and (ii) the formulation of the score function. In particular, we use confidence ellipsoids determined from linearized dynamics in the choice of the target set. Furthermore, we define a score function based on empirical transition paths computed at relatively high noise levels. The suggested new TAMS method is applied to two typical problems illustrating the benefits of the modifications.
Drivers for Atlantic-origin waters abutting Greenland
Authors: Gillard Laura C. , Hu Xianmin , Myers Paul G. , Ribergaard Mads Hvid , Lee Craig M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The oceanic heat available in Greenland’s troughs is dependent on the geographic location of the trough, the water origin, and how the water is impacted by local processes along the pathway to the trough. This study investigates the spatial pattern and quantity of the warm water (with a temperature greater −1.5 ∘C) brought to the shelf and into the troughs abutting the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). An increase in ocean heat in these troughs may drive a retreat of the GrIS. Warm water that is exchanged from the trough into the fjord may influence the melt on the marine-terminating glaciers. Several regional ocean model experiments were used to study regional differences in heat transport through troughs. Results showed that warm water extends north into Baffin Bay, reaching as far north as the Melville Bay troughs. Melville Bay troughs experienced warming following 2009. From 2004 to 2006, model experiments captured an increase in onshore heat flux in the Disko Bay trough, coinciding with the timing of the disintegration of Jakobshavn Isbrae's floating tongue and observed ocean heat increase in Disko Bay. The seasonality of the maximum onshore heat flux differs due to distance away from the Irminger Sea. Ocean temperatures near the northwestern coast and southeastern coast respond differently to changes in meltwater from Greenland and high-frequency atmospheric phenomena. With a doubling of the GrIS meltwater, Baffin Bay troughs transported ∼20 % more heat towards the coast. Fewer storms resulted in a doubling of onshore heat through Helheim Glacier's trough. These results demonstrate the regional variability of onshore heat transport through troughs and its potential implications to the GrIS.
Hva gjøres for å fremme fysisk aktivitet i barnehager? : En komparativ studie av førskolelæreres virksomhet i 1981 og 2009
Authors: Stokke Anne
Published: August 2020

Artikkelen viser empiri fra to like spørreskjemaundersøkelser, fra 1981 og 2009, der førskolelærerne selv skriver hva de gjør av virksomhet for å fremme fysisk aktivitet. Sammenlignes resultatene, viser det at det gjøres mer i dag for å fremme fysisk aktivitet enn i 1981. ”Å fornye det fysiske miljøet” var det eneste tiltaket det var gjort mindre av. En forklaring kan være mer naturmiljø i barnehagene – dermed trengs ikke fornying som på lekeplasser. Å ”gi ros” hadde høyest skår og ”å gi enkeltbarn ekstra hjelp” hadde lavt skår i begge undersøkelsene. ”Å sette i gang aktiviteter” og ”å lede aktiviteter” er de tiltakene med minst økning, men de var mye brukt begge år. Resultatene viser en økning i virksomhet. Det kan bety at det gjøres mer i dag, men mer forskning trengs for å se hva som virkelig gjøres.
Hva har barn lyst til å gjøre ute?
Authors: Mjaavatn Per Egil
Published: August 2020

Mange peker på at uteleken taper plass i den moderne barndommen. Barn har mindre kontakt mednatur enn før og leker mindre ute i sine nærområder. Målet med denne studien var å se hvor storinteresse barn på ulike alderstrinn har for utendørsaktiviteter. Ca. 100 barn er fulgt over 7 år, 47 iytterligere 3 år. Barna er stilt de samme spørsmål ved 6 ulike tidspunkt. Hva har de lyst til å gjøre ute?Studien viser at interessene endrer seg sterkt med økende alder og vi finner også betydelige interesseforskjeller mellom jenter og gutter. Mens interessen for tradisjonelt friluftsliv og høsting i naturensynker med økende alder, øker interessen for mer feriepregede aktiviteter på den ene siden og meridrettspregede aktiviteter på den andre siden. Interessen for natur og friluftsliv er til en viss grad knyttetopp mot foreldrenes alder og utdanning og også familiens ferievaner.
Sammendrag av doktorgradsavhandlinger
Authors: Jernes Margrethe , Þorbjörg Pálsdóttir Kolbrún , Rossholt Nina
Published: August 2020

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The School-Family Relationship in Socially Divided Swedish Lower Secondary Schools
Authors: Poromaa Pär Isling
Published: August 2020

This article examines the school-family relationship in order to understand what significance the familyhas for teachers, students, and head teachers. Drawing on theory by Reay (2004), this article deploysfamily and school habitus to analyse two Swedish lower-secondary schools with different social structures. The data consist of interviews and observations. Results indicate that one of the schools has acompatible habitus – that is, similar values among its families about education – which simplifies therelationship and allows it to be used to strengthen and develop school practices. The other school hasa diverse habitus – that is, different values among its families about education. Therefore an equal relationship is more difficult to facilitate, because the families have different abilities to take on this responsibility. This article concludes that developing a pedagogy that fully integrates and acknowledgesstudents’ ideas and life experiences is a potential force to change a school’s habitus, diminish the importance of the family habitus in schooling, and ensure that students receive equivalent education.
الآلياتُ القانونية لحماية حقِّ المساهمين في
الأموال الاحتياطية
دراسة مقارنة بين القانون الجزائري والقانون الفرنسي
Authors: أمين د.بن قادة محمود
Published: August 2020

مُلخَّص

يُعتبر المال الاحتياطي مبالغ مقتطعة من الأرباح الصافية، تُوضع تحت تصرّف الجمعية العامة
لاستخدامها في الأغراض التي يحدِّدها القانون، أو القانون الأساسي للشركة، أو القرار الصادر
عنها.

وينقسم المال الاحتياطي إلى ثلاثة أنواع؛ احتياطي قانوني واحتياطي نظامي أو تأسيسي واحتياطي حر.

ونظرًا إلى أن الاحتياطات أرباح غير موزَّعة، فإنها تعتبر حقًا للمساهمين الموجودين في
الشركة وقت تحقيقها، الأمر الذي قد ينجم عنه -حال زيادة رأس مال الشركة أو قيامها
بعملية الإدماج بابتلاع شركة أخرى- مساسٌ بحقوق المساهمين القدامى، نتيجة انضمام
مساهمين جُدد يزاحمونهم في اقتسام تلك الاحتياطات التي هي في حقيقة الأمر أرباح غير
مُوزَّعة.

ولتفادي مثل هذه النتيجة وحماية حقوق المساهمين القدامى، أوجد المشرِّع آليتين؛ الأولى
حق الأولوية والأفضلية في الاكتتاب بأسهم زيادة رأس المال التي تصدرها الشركة بمناسبة
زيادة رأسمالها، والثانية علاوة الإصدار أو الإدماج.
Una aproximación teórica para la aplicación de la metodología del enfoque mixto en la investigación en enfermería
Authors: Albayero María Sofía , Tejada-Hernández Marisol , Cerritos Juana de Jesús
Published: August 2020

El propósito de este artículo es hacer una aproximación teórica de la metodología del enfoque mixto en la investigación en enfermería de forma ilustrativa, como un primer aporte a la discusión de la temática. Desde un punto de vista general, son cuatro los conceptos fuertemente ligados al quehacer investigativo de la enfermería: la persona, el entorno, la salud y el cuidado (Santos Heredero, Rodríguez Arias, & Rodríguez Ballestero, 2004). El propósito de la investigación mixta no es sustituir a ninguno de los enfoques que la componen, sino que, por el contrario, su meta es utilizar las fortalezas de ambos tipos de indagación, combinándolas y tratando de minimizar sus debilidades potenciales (Lara Muñoz, 2011).
La enfermería como profesión se ha configurado con capacidad y responsabilidad para desarrollar investigaciones científicas que proporcionen la capacidad de resolver necesidades urgentes en el ámbito de la salud, lo presentado hasta el momento es una apertura de la discusión.
Traducción jurídica, mujeres indígenas y acceso a una vida libre de violencia
Authors: Favila-Alcalá Mariana
Published: August 2020

En 2017 se publicó la traducción de la Ley de Acceso de las Mujeres a una Vida Libre de Violencia del Estado de México a cinco lenguas indígenas prevalecientes en dicha entidad. Si bien esta acción pudiera percibirse como progresista e incluyente, si se considera que México se ha caracterizado por tensiones lingüísticas, jurídicas e identitarias, resulta imperativo reﬂexionar, de manera crítica, en torno al papel que juega y jugará la traducción en el acceso de las mujeres indígenas a una vida libre de violencia. Para ello, en la primera etapa de esta investigación se consideró la concepción sociojurídica de los pueblos originarios, el lugar que ocupan las lenguas nacionales y la situación particular que enfrentan las mujeres indígenas. Además, se entrevistó a tres personas clave en la realización de la traducción de la ley en cuestión y, por último, se analizó la función de la traducción con base en el contexto en el que esta se inserta. La información recabada sugiere que el papel de la traducción es ambivalente. Por un lado, puede servir como instrumento de empoderamiento; y, por otro, es una herramienta de perpetuación del etnocentrismo jurídico y de la violencia racista que aqueja tanto a las instancias gubernamentales como a la sociedad civil. En la segunda etapa, que sigue en desarrollo, se pretende entrevistar a un grupo representativo de mujeres mazahuas para conocer el grado de socialización de los términos propuestos por el traductor, así como indagar en el impacto que la traducción ha tenido en sus vidas.