bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Process of Supervision with Student Teacher Choice: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Stephens Carrie Ann , Waters Randol
Published: April 2010

The purpose of this qualitative study was to give three student teachers the freedom to choose their supervisory model and to explain their experiences as the result of doing so. Student teachers majoring in agricultural education from the University of Tennessee did select different avenues of supervision. One selected clinical supervision, one selected contextual supervision, and one selected cooperative professional development (an option from the differentiated supervision model). Based on student teacher selections, adjustments had to be made by the supervisor during the student teaching semester to accommodate student teachers. On the basis of the findings of this study, the three student teachers must be highly confident and competent in their teaching abilities to correctly select their type of supervision. In addition, the three student teachers must have a clear understanding of supervision and the cycle of the supervisory process.
Job-Related Stress Among Secondary Agricultural Education Teachers: A Comparison Study
Authors: Torres Robert M. , Lawver Rebecca G. , Lambert Misty D.
Published: April 2010

The study sought to explore and compare the current level of job stress among secondary agriculture teachers in Missouri and North Carolina. The accessible populations consisted of secondary agriculture teachers (n = 252) in Missouri and (n = 118) in North Carolina. Data were collected using the Job Stress Survey (Spielberger & Vagg, 1999). From the findings, it was concluded that agriculture teachers in Missouri and North Carolina are not in an overall state of stress compared with norm data. However, time-related job tasks were found to be a source of stress among both teacher samples, and "excessive paperwork" was identified as the highest stressor. Low stress items among teachers fell into three broad job-related categories best described as supervision, advancement, and inactivity.
Agricultural In-Service Needs of Introductory Level Career and Technical Education Teachers
Authors: Christensen Jolene , Warnick Brian K. , Spielmaker Debra , Tarpley Rudy S. , Straquadine Gary S.
Published: April 2010

This study identified and prioritized the agricultural in-service needs of introductory level career and technical education teachers in Utah. The Utah State Board of Education requires that all seventh grade students complete an introductory career and technical education course as their first formal career exploration experience. One component of the course is exploration of the agriculture industry. In order to effectively help students explore agricultural opportunities, teachers, most of whom have little or no formal training in agriculture, must be prepared in their knowledge of the agriculture industry and careers. To meet the needs of teachers, the state office of education has requested relevant, meaningful in-service. A survey based on the Borich needs assessment model was used to determine areas in which teachers need additional support. The "new and emerging technologies in agriculture" standard emerged as an area of weakness. Teachers generally held positive attitudes toward the importance of teaching agriculture, which should be used to promote future in-service programs.
Scientific Inquiry in Agricultural Education Teacher Preparation: A Look at Teacher Educators' Perceptions
Authors: French Darla , Balschweid Mark
Published: April 2010

The specific objectives of this study were to identify the attitudes of U.S. agricultural education teacher educators toward using scientific inquiry as an instructional method and to determine their level of comfort and awareness with new information and teaching methodologies in science. A mailed survey was sent to all agricultural education teacher preparation institutions in the United States. One-half of the respondents who indicated that they presented scientific inquiry to their pre-service teachers during the methods of teaching course indicated they were very comfortable with teaching technical agriculture content, while one in eight said they were very comfortable with teaching technical science content. A majority of respondents who said they presented scientific inquiry also indicated that they felt comfortable or very comfortable with presenting the scientific inquiry teaching method. Respondents rated themselves less than knowledgeable on “general science content” and “current discoveries in science.” When asked their opinions of their comfort with various content areas and teaching methodologies 95% of teacher educators responded that they felt very comfortable or comfortable teaching technical agriculture content. Only 68% felt as confident when asked about teaching technical science content.
Perceptions of the National Agriscience Teacher Ambasssador Academy Toward Integrating Science Into School-Based Agricultural Education Curriculum
Authors: Myers Brian E. , Thoron Andrew C. , Thompson Gregory W.
Published: April 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine perceptions of participants in the 2007 National Agriscience Teacher Ambassador Academy (NATAA) toward integrating science into the agricultural education curriculum. NATAA participants felt that students are more motivated to learn, better prepared in science, provided more opportunities to solve problems, and have a deeper understanding of agriculture when science is enhanced in the agriculture curriculum. Time, support, resources, and funding were recognized as barriers to integrating science. Teachers felt that integrating science had an impact on student enrollment as well as stakeholder support for the agriculture program. Teacher preparation programs are a catalyst to helping teachers learn to integrate science into the program. NATAA participants reported using teacher-oriented inquiry strategies between three and four times per week, while using student oriented inquiry a little over once per month.
Changes in Student Teachers' Intention to Teach During Student Teaching
Authors: Roberts T. Grady , Greiman Bradley C. , Murphy T. H. , Ricketts John C. , Harlin Julie F. , Briers Gary E.
Published: April 2010

Over the course of the student teaching experience, a student teacher’s intention to teach can increase, decrease, or remain the same. The purpose of this study was to explore differences in student teachers that were representative of each category. Teaching intention of 103 student teachers at four universities in 2005-2006 exhibited little change from the beginning of student teaching to the middle of the experience. There was a 7% increase in those who indicated they did not intend to teach from the beginning of student teaching to the end of the experience. The researchers recommend that decision to teach be monitored early in the preservice teaching career to determine when this decision is typically made as well as including other efficacy variables for determinants of career choice.
Career Influences of Agricultural Extension Agents
Authors: Arnold Shannon , Place Nick
Published: April 2010

This qualitative study sought to explore the influences that shaped Florida agricultural agents’ employment decisions at different career stages. A purposive sample was used to select 12 agents who were classified into one of the three stages of the career stages model (Kutilek, Gunderson, & Conklin, 2002). In–depth interviews were utilized to investigate positive and negative influences on the decision– making process regarding an Extension career. Grounded theory was the primary data analysis method (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). Positive influences on entry level agents’ career decisions were personal traits, motivators, and support systems. Negative influences were lack of direction, personal work management issues, job pressures, and mandated work requirements. Positive influences on colleague level agents’ career decisions were motivators, career growth opportunities, career management strategies, and collaboration with key people. Negative influences were job performance measures, salary disparity, and personal work management issues. Positive influences on counselor/advisor level agents’ career decisions were motivators, career growth opportunities, and career management strategies. Negative influences were career overload and job dissatisfiers. A grounded theory was developed to explain the most significant factors and influences. Findings should be addressed by the organization to improve the overall career satisfaction of agents and maintain its high–quality employees.
Recounting the Legacy: The History and Use of FFA Camps for Leadership and Recreation
Authors: Connors James J. , Falk Jeremy M. , Epps Rebekah B.
Published: April 2010

FFA camps have provided members with recreational, social, and leadership development for decades. Since the first FFA camps were established in 1928, they have served as a vital piece in the puzzle of FFA leadership development. This historical research study investigated the origins of FFA camps in the United States, the use of camps for leadership development, and the current status of FFA camps by state FFA associations. The study found that three states, Tennessee, South Carolina, and North Carolina established state FFA camps shortly after the FFA was founded in 1928. Several southern states operated separate camps for African–American boys who were members of the New Farmers of America. FFA camps offered a variety of recreational activities, social events, and leadership development programs. Approximately 24 state FFA associations currently offer some form of summer FFA camp for their members.
Agricultural Science Graduate Student Education and Public Scholarship
Authors: Bagdonis Jessica M. , Dodd Ann H.
Published: April 2010

Public scholarship is central to the mission of land–grant universities and colleges of agriculture. Changes in the socioeconomic and political context of higher education signify that the future of public higher education institutions increasingly will depend on strong institutional commitment to engagement with the community. Changes in the global food system make such engagement particularly relevant for colleges of agriculture and future faculty will need to be prepared accordingly. While research on public scholarship has become more prevalent, this scholarship rarely considers the preparation of graduate students for future careers as public scholars. This study describes the extent to which graduate students at a Northeast land–grant college of agriculture are knowledgeable about and involved in promoting the land–grant mission of public scholarship. In spring 2007, graduate students were surveyed about their graduate education programs. Graduate students in life science programs were significantly less likely to know about the land–grant mission, as well as significantly less likely to participate in extension and outreach activities, than graduate students in social science programs. Our results highlight the importance of expanding the notion of graduate education to provide all graduate students with competencies necessary for building partnerships beyond the campus.
Exploring Interaction between Student Teachers During the Student Teaching Experience
Authors: Roberts T. Grady , Murphy Tim H. , Edgar Don W.
Published: April 2010

The purpose of this study was to explore social interaction between student teachers during the student teaching experience. This descriptive study consisted of 22 student teachers from the spring 2007 semester at Texas A&M University. Data were collected immediately following conclusion of the 12– week internship at a regularly scheduled face–to–face meeting. It was concluded that every student teacher interacted with a peer during the experience. However, they interacted with only a small percentage of their peers on a weekly basis and they did not interact at all with a large portion of their peers. Student teachers most frequently used either the telephone or face–to–face opportunities to interact. The majority also frequently used email and text messages to interact. Facebook, MySpace, and instant messaging were used very little. Depending on the purpose, student teachers interacted with different small networks of three to five peers. Different student teachers emerged as key players or opinion leaders, depending on the reason for interaction. This exploratory study yielded a considerable number of questions for further inquiry.
DenseNet model incorporating hybrid attention mechanisms and clinical features for pancreatic cystic tumor classification
Authors: Tian Hui , Zhang Bo , Zhang Zhiwei , Xu Zhenshun , Jin Liang , Bian Yun , Wu Jie
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to develop a deep learning model capable of discriminating between pancreatic plasma cystic neoplasms (SCN) and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) by leveraging patient‐specific clinical features and imaging outcomes. The intent is to offer valuable diagnostic support to clinicians in their clinical decision‐making processes.

Methods

The construction of the deep learning model involved utilizing a dataset comprising abdominal magnetic resonance T2‐weighted images obtained from patients diagnosed with pancreatic cystic tumors at Changhai Hospital. The dataset comprised 207 patients with SCN and 93 patients with MCN, encompassing a total of 1761 images. The foundational architecture employed was DenseNet‐161, augmented with a hybrid attention mechanism module. This integration aimed to enhance the network's attentiveness toward channel and spatial features, thereby amplifying its performance. Additionally, clinical features were incorporated prior to the fully connected layer of the network to actively contribute to subsequent decision‐making processes, thereby significantly augmenting the model's classification accuracy. The final patient classification outcomes were derived using a joint voting methodology, and the model underwent comprehensive evaluation.

Results

Using the five‐fold cross validation, the accuracy of the classification model in this paper was 92.44%, with an AUC value of 0.971, a precision rate of 0.956, a recall rate of 0.919, a specificity of 0.933, and an F1‐score of 0.936.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that the DenseNet model, which incorporates hybrid attention mechanisms and clinical features, is effective for distinguishing between SCN and MCN, and has potential application for the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic tumors in clinical practice.
Point Defects in Hexagonal SiP Monolayer: A Systematic Investigation on the Electronic and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Ha Chu Viet , Ponce‐Pérez R , Guerrero‐Sanchez J. , Hoat D. M.
Published: May 2024

In this work, point defects are proposed to modify the electronic and magnetic properties of SiP monolayer. Pristine monolayer is a non‐magnetic semiconductor 2D material with energy gap of 1.52(2.21) eV as predicted by PBE(HSE06) functional. Single Si vacancy (), Si+P divacancy (), and substituting one P atom by one Si atom () magnetize significantly SiP monolayer. Herein, total magnetic moments between 1.00 and 2.00 are obtained . In contrast, no magnetism is induced by single P vacancy (), substituting one Si atom by one P atom (), and exchanging pair Si‐P positions (). Moreover, significant magnetization of SiP monolayer is also achieved by doping with single Li and Cu atoms ( and ), as well as pair of Li and Cu atoms ( and ). Total magnetic moments between 0.84 and 1.42 are obtained. Interestingly, the half‐metallicity is observed in and systems. When substituting P atom, F, Cl, and Br impurities reduce significantly the SiP monolayer bandgap, preserving its non‐magnetic nature. In contrast, a total magnetic moment of 1.26 is obtained by doping with I atom. Results presented herein may introduce the defected and doped SiP systems as prospective 2D candidates for spintronic and optoelectronic applications.
Record‐High Thermoelectric Performance in Al‐Doped ZnO via Anderson Localization of Band Edge States
Authors: Serhiienko Illia , Novitskii Andrei , Garmroudi Fabian , Kolesnikov Evgeny , Chernyshova Evgenia , Sviridova Tatyana , Bogach Aleksei , Voronin Andrei , Nguyen Hieu Duy , Kawamoto Naoyuki , Bauer Ernst , Khovaylo Vladimir , Mori Takao
Published: May 2024

Oxides are of interest for thermoelectrics due to their high thermal stability, chemical inertness, low cost, and eco‐friendly constituting elements. Here, adopting a unique synthesis route via chemical co‐precipitation at strongly alkaline conditions, one of the highest thermoelectric performances for ZnO ceramics ( 21.5 µW cm−1 K−2 and  0.5 at 1100 K in ) is achieved. These results are linked to a distinct modification of the electronic structure: charge carriers become trapped at the edge of the conduction band due to Anderson localization, evidenced by an anomalously low carrier mobility, and characteristic temperature and doping dependencies of charge transport. The bi‐dimensional optimization of doping and carrier localization enable a simultaneous improvement of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity, opening a novel pathway to advance ZnO thermoelectrics.
Restoration Temperature Control through Glass Transition Temperature Modulation of Shape Memory Polymer for Thermally Switchable Adhesive
Authors: Park Han Jun , Kim Minsu , Lee Jihoon , Kwak Moon Kyu
Published: May 2024

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) undergo changes between arbitrary shapes and programmed shapes upon exposure to specific stimulus, allowing them to restore their original shape. All kinds of external stimuli have a threshold to change the shape of the SMP. Especially, for the thermal type SMP, the critical temperature for shape restoration is typically near the glass transition temperature (Tg). In this study, the controllability of the restoration temperature is analyzed by adjusting the Tg of the polymer using Norland Optical Adhesive 63, which can be cured with UV irradiation. By varying the ambient temperature from 20 to 120 °C during UV exposure, Tg changes ranging from 35.84 to 50.50 °C are obtained, with corresponding changes in restoration temperature. As a practical application, a thermal‐activated SMP dry adhesive is developed with programmable Tg and switchable adhesion. The fabricated SMP dry adhesive exhibited strong adhesion to substrates with various surface roughness. Additionally, the shape memory effect allowed for easy detachment through shape recovery, and different adhesive performances at different temperatures are achieved by programming various Tg values. Moreover, the simple manufacturing process of the SMP dry adhesive is confirmed to be suitable for continuous fabrication processes based on roll‐to‐roll methods.
Reversible Snapping of Constrained Anisotropic Hydrogels Upon Light Stimulations
Authors: Dai Chen Fei , Zhu Qing Li , Khoruzhenko Olena , Thelen Michael , Bai Huiying , Breu Josef , Du Miao , Zheng Qiang , Wu Zi Liang
Published: May 2024

Creatures, such as Venus flytrap and hummingbirds, capable of rapid predation through snap‐through transition, provide paradigms for the design of soft actuators and robots with fast actions. However, these artificial “snappers” usually need contact stimulations to trigger the flipping. Reported here is a constrained anisotropic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel showing fast snapping upon light stimulation. This hydrogel is prepared by flow‐induced orientation of nanosheets (NSs) within a rectangular tube. The precursor containing gold nanoparticles is immediately exposed to UV light for photopolymerization to fix the ordered structure of NSs. Two ends of the slender gel are clamped to form a buckle with bistability nature, which snaps to the other side upon laser irradiation. Systematic experiments are conducted to investigate the influences of power intensity and irradiation angle of the laser, as well as thickness and buckle height of the gel, on the snapping behaviors. The fast snapping is further used to kick a plastic bead and control the switch state. Furthermore, synergetic or oscillated snapping of the gel with two buckles of opposite directions is realized by inclined irradiation of a laser or horizontal irradiation with two lasers, respectively. Such light‐steered snapping of hydrogels should merit designing soft robots, energy harvests, etc.
Dynamic color‐tunable ultra‐long room temperature phosphorescence polymers with photo‐chromism and water‐stimuli response for multilevel anti‐counterfeiting
Authors: Ma Xiao , Ye Tian‐Jiao , Yang Han‐Jiang , Ling Guang‐Kun , Wang Danfeng , Li Jia‐Shu , Gu Peiyang , Xu Liang‐Jin , Sheng Tian‐Lu , Lin Fu‐Rong , Shen Run‐Fu , Zhang Qichun
Published: May 2024

Developing dynamic color‐tunable ultra‐long room temperature phosphorescence (URTP) polymers with afterglow of over 1 s, photo‐chromism, and multi‐stimuli response for practical anti‐counterfeiting and information security applications is attractive but very challenging. Herein, by doping multicolor phosphorescence pyridinium bromide L block or viologen‐based photo‐chromic V block into polyvinyl alcohol matrixes, the water‐stimuli‐responsive color‐tunable URTP polymer films with afterglow of up to 8 s and the reversible viologen‐based photochromic polymer films have been developed. More significantly, a series of dynamic color‐tunable URTP polymer films with ultra‐long afterglow of over 6 s, photo‐chromism, and water‐stimuli response have been successfully exploited by integrating L and V blocks into one polymer system. Mechanistic investigations have revealed that their photo‐chromism mainly comes from the photo‐generated viologen free radicals. Furthermore, their dynamic multilevel anti‐counterfeiting applications have been demonstrated. These results pave the way to develop smarter multifunctional URTP materials for anti‐counterfeiting and optical sensing.
Stabilizing Zn/electrolyte Interphasial Chemistry by a Sustained‐Release Drug Inspired Indium‐Chelated Resin Protective Layer for High‐Areal‐Capacity Zn//V2O5 Batteries
Authors: Zhang Minghao , Li Siyang , Tang Rong , Sun Chenxi , Yang Jin , Chen Guanhong , Kang Yuanhong , Lv Zeheng , Wen Zhipeng , Li Cheng Chao , Zhao Jinbao , Yang Yang
Published: May 2024

For zinc‐metal batteries, the instable chemistry at Zn/electrolyte interphasial region results in severe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and dendrite growth, significantly impairing Zn anode reversibility. Moreover, an often‐overlooked aspect is this instability can be further exacerbated by the interaction with dissolved cathode species in full batteries. Here, inspired by sustained‐release drug technology, an indium‐chelated resin protective layer (Chelex‐In), incorporating a sustained‐release mechanism for indium, is developed on Zn surface, stabilizing the anode/electrolyte interphase to ensure reversible Zn plating/stripping performance throughout the entire lifespan of Zn//V2O5 batteries. The sustained‐release indium onto Zn electrode promotes a persistent anticatalytic effect against HER and fosters uniform heterogeneous Zn nucleation. Meanwhile, on the electrolyte side, the residual resin matrix with immobilized iminodiacetates anions can also repel detrimental anions (SO42− and polyoxovanadate ions dissolved from V2O5 cathode) outside the electric double layer. This dual synergetic regulation on both electrode and electrolyte sides culminates a more stable interphasial environment, effectively enhancing Zn anode reversibility in practical high‐areal‐capacity full battery systems. Consequently, the bio‐inspired Chelex‐In protective layer enables an ultralong lifespan of Zn anode over 2800 h, which is also successfully demonstrated in ultrahigh areal capacity Zn//V2O5 full batteries (4.79 mAh cm−2).
Local Self‐Assembly of Dissipative Structures Sustained by Substrate Diffusion
Authors: Kar Haridas , Goldin Lorenzo , Frezzato Diego , Prins Leonard J.
Published: May 2024

The coupling between energy‐consuming molecular processes and the macroscopic dimension plays an important role in nature and in the development of active matter. Here, we study the temporal evolution of a macroscopic system upon the local activation of a dissipative self‐assembly process. Injection of surfactant molecules in a substrate‐containing hydrogel results in the local substrate‐templated formation of assemblies, which are catalysts for the conversion of substrate into waste. We show that the system develops into a macroscopic (pseudo‐)non‐equilibrium steady state (NESS) characterized by the local presence of energy‐dissipating assemblies and persistent substrate and waste concentration gradients. For elevated substrate concentrations, this state can be maintained for more than 4 days. The studies reveal an interdependence between the dissipative assemblies and the concentration gradients: catalytic activity by the assemblies results in sustained concentration gradients and, vice versa, continuous diffusion of substrate to the assemblies stabilizes their size. The possibility to activate dissipative processes with spatial control and create long lasting non‐equilibrium steady states enables dissipative structures to be studied in the space‐time domain, which is of relevance for understanding biological systems and for the development of active matter.
ObsTIVA‐UK: a service evaluation of obstetric total intravenous anaesthesia in the United Kingdom
Authors: Metodiev Y. , Iliff H. A. , Sharif B. , Bell S. F. , Oliver C. , de Lloyd L. ,   ObsTIVA‐UK Collaborators Group
Published: May 2024

We conducted a prospective observational service evaluation across the United Kingdom on the use of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) for obstetric surgery between November 2022 and June 2023. The primary aim was to describe the incidence of TIVA for obstetric surgery within participating units, with secondary aims to describe maternal and neonatal postoperative recovery indicators. Of 184 maternity units in the United Kingdom, 30 (16%) contributed data to the service evaluation. There were 104 patients who underwent caesarean delivery under TIVA and 19 patients had TIVA for other reasons. Infusions of propofol and remifentanil were used in 100% and 84% of cases, respectively. Fifty‐nine out of 103 live neonates (57%) required some form of respiratory support. Of the neonates with recorded data, 73% and 17% had Apgar scores < 7 at 1 and 5 min respectively. No neonates were recorded to have Apgar scores < 7 at 10 min. Further prospective research is required to investigate the impact of obstetric TIVA on maternal and neonatal outcomes and inform best practice recommendations.
GPR and ERT Exploration in the Western Cemetery in Giza, Egypt
Authors: Sato Motoyuki , Saito Ryuma , Abbas Abbas Mohamed , Mesbah Hany , Taha Ayman , Gaweish Wael R. , Aldeep Mohamed , Ali Ahmed M. , Kurokouchi Hiromasa , Takahashi Kazumitsu , El‐Qady Gad , Yoshimura Sakuji
Published: May 2024

A geophysical exploration employing ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was conducted at the Western Cemetery, Giza, Egypt, in 2021–23 by a joint research team of Higashi Nippon International University, Tohoku University and the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, Egypt. We believe we found an anomaly: a combination of a shallow structure connected to a deeper structure. The shallow structure, which is L‐shaped in the horizontal plane, 10 m by 10 m, was clearly imaged by GPR. It seems to have been filled with sand, which means it was backfilled after it was constructed. It may have been an entrance to the deeper structure. Its depth is of up to 2 m, measured from the ground surface. Below this structure, ERT reveals a highly electrically resistive anomaly, which extends over an area of about 10 m by 10 m. The depth of the structure is about 5–10 m below the surface. Electrically resistive material in a sand dune can be a mixture of sand and gravel, including sparse spacing or air voids within it. Neither GPR nor ERT could identify the properties of the anomaly.
Development, implementation, and perceptions of a 3D‐printed human skull in a large dental gross anatomy course
Authors: Barger J. Bradley , Edwards Danielle N.
Published: May 2024

Skull anatomy is a difficult region for anatomy students to learn and understand but is necessary for a variety of health professional students. To improve learning, a 3D‐printed human skull was developed, produced, and distributed to a course of 83 dental students for use as a take‐home study tool over the 10‐week anatomy course. The 70% scale human skull derived from CT data had a fully articulating mandible, simulated temporomandibular joint, and accurate cranial structures. At the course end, students completed a perception survey and responses were compared with those who made a grade of A, B, or C in the course. Students overall reported using the model less than 3 h per week, but those who scored an A in the course reported using the model more frequently than those who scored a B or C. Free responses revealed that students used the model in a variety of ways, but found that the model was quick and easily accessible to check understanding while studying at home in the absence of direct observation by faculty. Overall, this study provides evidence on the feasibility of large‐scale 3D printing and the benefits of the use of a 3D‐printed model as a take‐home study aid.
A perfusion host‐microbe bioreactor (HMB) system that captures dynamic interactions of secreted metabolites between epithelial cells cocultured with a human gut anaerobe
Authors: Yang Jingyun , Cassaday Jason , Wyche Thomas P. , Squadroni Brian , Newhard William , Trinh Huong , Cabral Damien , Hett Erik , Sana Theodore R. , Lee Kyongbum , Kasper Stephen
Published: May 2024

The human microbiota impacts a variety of diseases and responses to therapeutics. Due to a lack of robust in vitro models, detailed mechanistic explanations of host‐microbiota interactions cannot often be recapitulated. We describe the design and development of a novel, versatile and modular in vitro system that enables indirect coculture of human epithelial cells with anaerobic bacteria for the characterization of host‐microbe secreted metabolite interactions. This system was designed to compartmentalize anaerobes and human cells in separate chambers conducive to each organism's requisite cell growth conditions. Using perfusion, fluidic mixing, and automated sample collection, the cells continuously received fresh media, while in contact with their corresponding compartments conditioned supernatant. Supernatants from each chamber were collected in a cell‐free time‐resolved fashion. The system sustained low oxygen conditions in the anaerobic chamber, while also supporting the growth of a representative anaerobe (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) and a human colonic epithelial cell line (Caco‐2) in the aerobic chamber. Caco‐2 global gene expression changes in response to coculture with B. thetaiotaomicron was characterized using RNA sequencing. Extensive, targeted metabolomics analysis of over 150 central carbon metabolites was performed on the serially collected supernatants. We observed broad metabolite changes in host‐microbe coculture, compared to respective mono‐culture controls. These effects were dependent both on sampling time and the compartment probed (apical vs. basolateral). Coculturing resulted in the depletion of several important metabolites, including guanine, uridine 5'‐monophosphate, asparagine, and thiamine. Additionally, while Caco‐2 cells cultured alone predominantly affected the basolateral metabolite milieu, increased abundance of 2,3‐dihydroxyisovalerate and thymine on the basolateral side, occurred when the cells were cocultured with B. thetaiotaomicron. Thus, our system can capture the dynamic, competitive and cooperative processes between host cells and gut microbes.
Relationship between remnant cholesterol and short‐term prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Tan Zheng , Zhang Qianyun , Liu Qiuwan , Meng Xiaoyin , Wu Wenpei , Wang Long , Wu Juncang
Published: May 2024

Objective

Several studies have illustrated that elevated RC levels are related to a heightened risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Our research aimed to explore the correlation between RC levels and poor prognosis after a 90‐day interval in AIS patients.

Methods

A total of 287 individuals were enrolled in the study, the primary outcome was defined as poor prognosis. RC was derived by the exclusion of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) from total cholesterol (TC).

Results

Following the screening process, 253 AIS patients were included in the study, presenting a median age of 66[57, 75] years. Upon stratifying RC levels into quartiles, those in the top quartile faced a greater likelihood of diabetes diagnosis (42.86%, p = .014) and experienced a higher rate of unfavorable outcomes after 90 days (36.51%, p = .001). After accounting for confounding factors, the correlation between the fourth quartile of RC levels and the amplified likelihood of poor prognosis remained significant (odds ratio (OR) 8.471, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.841, 38.985); p = .006). Analysis of subgroups unveiled a notable correlation between higher RC levels and poor 90‐day prognosis, particularly in individuals with elevated NIHSS scores (p = .044). A progressively increasing 90‐day risk of poor prognosis after an RC greater than 0.38 mmol/L was visualized by restricted cubic spline plots (p‐overall = .011).

Conclusions

Including RC as a contributing element may refine the prediction of poor 90‐day prognosis for AIS patients. Integrating RC with traditional risk factors can potentially enhance the predictive value for cerebrovascular disease.
Relationship between recycling, circular economy and eco‐innovation in Europe. Application of a dynamic network data envelopment analysis model
Authors: García‐Valderrama Teresa , Sánchez‐Ortiz Jaime , Pérez‐González María Del Carmen , Puentes‐Graña María Del Carmen
Published: May 2024

Monitoring of European‐level circular economy (CE) efficiency requires more research than does currently exists in the body of literature on CE. In this regard, this research aims to answer two research questions. Firstly, to be efficient in the implementation of CE at a macroeconomic level, should there be a relationship between the efficiency of the three phases of CE (efficiency in recycling, efficiency in the implementation of CE and efficiency of eco‐innovation)? To answer this question, we use decoupling theory. Secondly, are the three phases of CE related from the point of view of dynamic efficiency? To answer this question, we use dynamic efficiency theory.

In accordance with both of these theories, we establish a circular relationship between recycling, CE and eco‐innovation. We test this circular relationship through the application of the dynamic network data envelopment analysis (DNDEA) model of Tone and Tsutsui. The analysis is based on Eurostat data for the period of 2016 to 2022 for 27 European countries.

This work contributes to the advancement of the research via (1) the development of a model for measuring the transversal and longitudinal efficiency of the CE and (2) the findings of positive and significant relationships between the efficiency ratios of the three fundamental phases (recycling, CE and eco‐innovation). This leads us to affirm that the countries studied that have managed to be efficient in recycling have also been in the implementation phase of CE and eco‐innovation.
Can CEO's professional connections drive green innovation of SMEs?
Authors: Wang Kun , Huang Hao , Yuan Youwei
Published: May 2024

Drawing on social capital theory, we analysis the influence of CEO's professional connections on the green innovation of SMEs. Using data from Chinese manufacturing SMEs, we find that CEO's professional connections can promote green innovation in SMEs. This finding still holds through several endogeneity and robustness tests. We find that this positive relationship is strengthened when the firm faces a more intense industry environment and when the CEO is chairman of the board. By testing the mechanism, we further find that alleviating financing constraints, improving information transparency, and promoting long‐term orientation play a key role in this positive relationship. These findings advance the research process on social capital theory and corporate green innovation and provide important insights into the green innovation practices in SMEs.
SPEED‐MODE cell line development (CLD): Reducing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) CLD timelines via earlier suspension adaptation and maximizing time spent in the exponential growth phase
Authors: Ganapathy Kavya , Lam Cynthia , Tsukuda Joni , Sargon Alyssa , Nava Adrian , Harms Peter , Shen Amy , Barnard Gavin , Misaghi Shahram
Published: May 2024

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred system for expression of therapeutic proteins and the majority of all biotherapeutics are being expressed by these cell lines. CHO expression systems are readily scalable, resistant to human adventitious agents, and have desirable post‐translational modifications, such as glycosylation. Regardless, drug development as a whole is a very costly, complicated, and time‐consuming process. Therefore, any improvements that result in reducing timelines are valuable and can provide patients with life‐saving drugs earlier. Here we report an effective method (termed SPEED‐MODE, herein) to speed up the Cell line Development (CLD) process in a targeted integration (TI) CHO CLD system. Our findings show that (1) earlier single cell cloning (SCC) of transfection pools, (2) speeding up initial titer screening turnaround time, (3) starting suspension adaptation of cultures sooner, and (4) maximizing the time CHO cultures spend in the exponential growth phase can reduce CLD timelines from ~4 to ~3 months. Interestingly, SPEED‐MODE timelines closely match the theoretical minimum timeline for CHO CLD assuming that CHO cell division is the rate limiting factor. Clones obtained from SPEED‐MODE CLD yielded comparable titer and product quality to those obtained via a standard CLD process. Hence, SPEED‐MODE CLD is advantageous for manufacturing biotherapeutics in an industrial setting as it can significantly reduce CLD timelines without compromising titer or product quality.
Blueberry extract and its bioactive compounds mitigate oxidative stress and suppress human lung cancer cell (A549) growth by modulating the expression of p53/EGFR/STAT3/IL6‐mediated signaling molecules
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Kalaiselvi , Natarajan Sathan Raj , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: May 2024

Bioactive phytocompounds are crucial components in all plants. Since the time of traditional medicine, the utilization of plants has been grounded in the potential of these bioactive compounds to treat or manage specific illnesses. These natural bioactive compounds have sparked growing interest in employing medicinal plants for addressing various conditions, such as inflammatory diseases, diabetes, and cancer. This study focuses on assessing the qualitative phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and cytotoxic effects of blueberry (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus) extract using three different solvents, namely water, ethanol, and methanol. The extract exhibited notable antioxidant activities, as evidenced by DPPH and H2O2 free radical scavenging assays. The cell viability assay also demonstrated cell growth inhibition in A549 cells. Furthermore, nine specific phytocompounds sourced from existing literature were selected for molecular docking studies against CDK6 and, AMPK key protein kinases which enhance the cancer progression. The molecular docking results also revealed favorable binding scores, with a high score of −9.5 kcal/mol in CDK6 protein and a maximum score of AMPK with targets of −8.8 kcal/mol. The selected phytocompounds’ pharmacodynamic properties such as ADMET also supported the study. Furthermore, rutin stated that pre‐dominantly present in blueberry plants shows a potent cytotoxicity effect in A549 cells. Functional annotations by bioinformatic analysis for rutin also revealed the strong enrichment in the involvement of PI3K/AKT1/STAT, and p53 signaling pathways. Based on this analysis, the identified rutin and other compounds hold a promising anticancer activity. Overall, the comprehensive evaluation of both in vitro and in silico data suggests that the Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus extract could serve as a valuable source of pharmaceutical agents and may prove effective in future therapeutic applications.
Empagliflozin to prevent progressive adverse remodelling after myocardial infarction (EMPRESS‐MI): rationale and design
Authors: Carberry Jaclyn , Petrie Mark C. , Lee Matthew M.Y. , Brooksbank Katriona , Campbell Ross T. , Good Richard , Jhund Pardeep S. , Kellman Peter , Lang Ninian N. , Mangion Kenneth , Mark Patrick B. , McConnachie Alex , McMurray John J.V. , Meyer Barbara , Orchard Vanessa , Shaukat Aadil , Watkins Stuart , Welsh Paul , Sattar Naveed , Berry Colin , Docherty Kieran F.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Patients with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) following an acute myocardial infarction (MI) are at risk of progressive adverse cardiac remodelling that can lead to the development of heart failure and death. The early addition of a sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor to standard treatment may delay or prevent progressive adverse remodelling in these patients.

Methods and results

EMpagliflozin to PREvent worSening of left ventricular volumes and Systolic function after Myocardial Infarction (EMPRESS‐MI) is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multi‐centre trial designed to assess the effect of empagliflozin on cardiac remodelling evaluated using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in 100 patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction following MI. Eligible patients were those ≥12 h and ≤14 days following acute MI, with an LVEF <45% by CMR. Patients were randomized to empagliflozin 10 mg once a day or matching placebo. The primary outcome will be change in left ventricular end‐systolic volume indexed to body surface area over 24 weeks from randomization. Secondary endpoints include measures of left ventricular and atrial volumes, left ventricular mass, LVEF, and circulating cardiac biomarkers.

Conclusions

EMPRESS‐MI will assess the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin on cardiac remodelling in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction after an acute MI.
A carbon dot toolbox for managing biotic and abiotic stresses in crop production systems
Authors: Zia Muhammad U. , Sambasivam Prabhakaran Thanjavur , Chen Dechao , Bhuiyan Shamsul A. , Ford Rebecca , Li Qin
Published: May 2024

The productivity of global crop production is under threat caused by various biotic and abiotic adverse conditions, such as plant diseases and pests, which are responsible for 20%–40% of global crop losses estimated at a value of USD 220 billion, and can be further exacerbated by climate change. Agricultural industries are calling for game‐changer technologies to enable productive and sustainable farming. Carbon dots (C‐dots) are carbon‐based nanoparticles, smaller than 50 nm, exhibiting unique opto‐electro‐properties. They have been shown to have positive impact on managing diverse biotic and abiotic stresses faced by the crops. Owing to their versatile carbon chemistry, the surface functionalities of C‐dots can be readily tuned to regulate plant physiological processes. This review is focussed on establishing the correlations between the physiochemical properties of C‐dots and their impacts on plants growth and health. The summary of the literature demonstrates that C‐dots hold great promise in improving plant tolerance to heat, drought, toxic chemicals, and invading pathogens.

image
Salvage surgery for recurrent or residual hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Cooke Peter V. , Wu Michael P. , Rathi Vinay K. , Chen Sida , Kappauf Catharine , Roof Scott A. , Lin Derrick T. , Deschler Daniel G.
Published: May 2024

Background

This systematic review aggregates the data of studies that include site‐specific analyses of patients undergoing salvage surgery for residual or recurrent hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

The primary outcomes are disease‐free, disease‐specific, and overall survival (DFS, DSS, and OS, respectively). Secondary outcomes include complications and postoperative feeding requirements.

Results

Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 442 patients. Two‐year DFS is reported from 30.0 to 50.0% and 5‐year DFS ranges from 15.0 to 57.1%. Five‐year DSS ranges from 28.0 to 57.1%. Two‐year OS ranges from 38.8 to 52.0% and 5‐year OS ranges from 15.5 to 57.1%. Complications include pharyngocutaneous fistula (0.0–71.4%), carotid artery rupture (2.9–13.3%), and stomal stenosis (4.2–20.0%). Complete oral feeding achieved following surgery ranges from 61.9 to 100.0%, while complete gastrostomy tube dependence ranges from 0.0 to 28.6%.

Conclusions

Salvage surgery for residual or recurrent hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma has a relatively high complication rate and should be offered to patients with the understanding of a guarded prognosis.
The operationalisation of recovery colleges: A scoping review
Authors: Jones Katheryn , Crawford Gemma , Mahboub Lyn , Jancey Jonine
Published: May 2024

Background

Recovery Colleges (RCs) represent an approach to enhancing mental wellbeing through education, lived experience and co‐production. Despite their increasing presence, scant literature explores the operationalisation of RCs and their embodiment of co‐production principles. The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the operationalisation of RCs and their application of co‐production in RCs located in high‐income countries over the past decade.

Methods

Employing an established scoping review methodology, searches were conducted across seven academic databases. Ten primary studies met the inclusion criteria. In addition, stakeholders were consulted to validate themes and uncover knowledge gaps.

Results

Findings suggest that RCs are inherently idiosyncratic, adapted to suit local contexts. Discussions persist regarding their optimal institutional contexts and positioning and the interpretation of key terms such as ‘recovery’ and ‘co‐production’, influencing daily operations and stakeholder involvement. Challenges surrounding measuring success against fidelity criteria underscore the need for a broader understanding of RC value and sustainability.

Conclusion

This review offers a synopsis of the existing literature offering insights concerning the operationalisation of RCs. Through a synthesis of diverse primary studies, it systematically identifies and describes the operational nuances within the RC landscape and the fundamental elements underpinning RC operations, while shedding light on critical knowledge gaps in both research and practice.

So What?

This review underscores the importance of a broader understanding of RC value and sustainability, offering insights for both research and practice in the field of mental health and wellbeing. This review highlights the significance of further exploration and refinement of RC operationalisation to enhance their effectiveness and impact in supporting mental wellbeing.