bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perkawinan Di Bawah Umur (Telaah Kritis Perspektif Hukum Islam)
Authors: Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , S Salma
Published: August 2024

Pernikahan dibawah umur atau pernikahan diusia dini merupakan fenomena sosial yang banyak terjadi di berbagai wilayah. Fenomena pernikahan dini bagai fenomena gunung es yang hanya tampak sebagian kecil di permukaan, sangat sedikit terekspos di ranah publik, tetapi kenyataannya begitu banyak terjadi di kalangan masyarakat luas. Ketika kita menelusuri akar sejarah tentang pernikahan dini di Indinesia, khususnya di pulau Jawa sebenarnya sudah menjadi sesuatu yang lumrah dilakukan oleh kakek dan nenek moyang kita. Pada konteks mereka, terdapat stigma negative jika seorang perempuan menikah di usia matang dalam komunitas mereka. Tulisan ini akan mendiskusikan fenomena pernikahan dibawah umur atau pernikahan usia dini dalam konteks hukum Islam.
The Influence Of Capital Structure, Liquidity, And Leverage On Firm Value With Profitability As An Intervening Variable In Automotive Companies Listed On The Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) Period 2019 - 2021
Authors: Simanjuntak Arthur , Sembiring Yosephine Natalita , Thomas Sumarsan Goh  , Simanjuntak Gracesiela Y , Simanullang Nindy L
Published: August 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of capital structure, liquidity, and leverage on firm value while considering profitability as an intervening variable. The independent variables in this study are measured using Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) for capital structure, Current Ratio (CR) for liquidity, and Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR) for leverage. The dependent variable is the firm value, which is measured using Price to Book Value (PBV), and profitability is measured using Return on Assets (ROA) as the intervening variable. The population of this study consists of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) that have published financial reports during the period 2019-2021 in the automotive sector. The sampling method used in this research is census sampling, and a total of 42 data points are analyzed. The results of the analysis indicate that capital structure has a positive impact on firm profitability, while liquidity and leverage do not have a significant influence on profitability. Furthermore, the combined effect of capital structure, liquidity, and leverage does not significantly affect firm value. However, profitability has a positive impact on firm value. Further analysis reveals that capital structure directly affects firm value, while liquidity indirectly affects it through profitability. Moreover, profitability also has a direct impact on firm value. These findings suggest that profitability plays a crucial role in linking the factors of capital structure and liquidity to firm value within the context of the automotive companies in Indonesia. Therefore, the findings of this study provide valuable insights for companies in managing their capital structure and liquidity with the goal of enhancing firm value through improved profitability
Improving the Reading Skills of Grade 5 Struggling Readers Through the Use of Interactive Learning Resources
Authors: Sotelo Rhea
Published: August 2024

Notably, the use of technology in teaching and reading instruction was found to have various effects on learners' attitudes towards engagement with the text and meaning-making. As a result, online sources as authentic materials can be an ideal resource for reading instruction. Given the context in which instruction is carried out in the new normal and the kind of intervention needed for the different learner groups where their reading skills is concerned, learning resources in interactive formats are optimized for maximum results. Specifically, the use of interactive learning resources such as the digital learning objects has become a valuable for teachers with regards to reading instruction. Its use in the different phases of instruction proved to be a valuable tool in addressing the reading difficulties of the elementary learners. Using the content-validated test as research instruments, results of the study showed how the Grade 5 struggling readers of Baquioen Elementary School benefitted from the use of interactive learning resources in reading instruction during the school year 2021-2022. Moreover, the results of the study reveal that there was significant difference in the levels of reading skills of the Grade 5 struggling readers after they were taught in English using digital learning objects. Thus, teachers are recommended to scaffold the reading instruction with the use of tools that target the best ways in which the students learn best.
Pelatihan Kewirausahaan sebagai Upaya Menumbuhkan Minat Berwirausaha Santri di Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Syafiiyah Situbondo
Authors:   Universitas Ibrahimy, Jamil Siti Nur Aisyah , Mardiyah Ulfatul ,   Universitas Ibrahimy, Sandra Lovi ,   Universitas Ibrahimy
Published: August 2024

Pondok pesantren salafiyah syafiâ€™iyah memiliki lembaga Universitas Ibrahimy yang di dalamnya terdapat program studi Teknologi Hasil Perikanan. Keberadaan program studi ini sangat potensial untuk menyediakan produk makanan berbasis hasil perikanan yang dapat dikekola sendiri oleh mahasiswi. Hal ini didukung dengan adanya UKM yang dimiliki oleh program studi Teknologi Hasil Perikanan. Namun, selama ini UKM belum dimanfaatkan dan dikelola secara maksimal. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) dengan melakukan pendampingan kepada santri program studi Teknologi Hasil Perikanan berupa pelatihan pembuatan produk dan kewirausahaan. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan minat kewirausahaan santri untuk produksi dan melakukan pemasaran terhadap produk hasil perikanan.
Bay Leaf Extract as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for LDL Reduction in Hypercholesterolemia: A Dose-Response Study
Authors: Sudarmika Kadek Adi , Putu Oky Ari Tania
Published: August 2024

Hypercholesterolemia, characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The current study investigated the dose-dependent effects of bay leaf extract on LDL cholesterol reduction in a hypercholesterolemic rat model. Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet to induce hypercholesterolemia. They were then randomly assigned to five groups: positive control (simvastatin), negative control (standard diet), and three treatment groups receiving graded doses of bay leaf extract (0.72 g, 1.08 g, and 1.80 g). LDL cholesterol levels were measured after seven days of treatment. Bay leaf extract administration resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in LDL cholesterol levels. The highest dose (1.80 g) exhibited comparable efficacy to simvastatin in lowering LDL cholesterol. In conclusion, bay leaf extract demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent for managing hypercholesterolemia by effectively reducing LDL cholesterol levels. The optimal dose for LDL reduction appears to be 1.80 g. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of these findings.
Class size and Learners’ Engagement in Physics Practicals in Ordinary Level Secondary Schools of Bukanga North County, Isingiro District
Authors: Kamugisha Frank , Aheisibwe Irene , Asimiire Donah
Published: August 2024

The study investigated the effect of class size on learners’ engagement in physics practicals in ordinary-level secondary schools in Bukanga North County, Isingiro District. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of the number of students on learners’ interaction with teachers during physics practicals. The study used a correlational survey design. The study population included senior three learners, physics teachers, laboratory attendants, school headteachers, the District Education Officer, and the District Inspector of Schools. A sample size of 352 respondents was used. Sampling methods included purposive and random techniques. The data collection methods included self-administered questionnaires, interview guides, and observation checklists. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic, content, and narrative analysis while quantitative data was analysed with SPSS. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.820) suggested that as the number of students decreased, the learners’ interaction with the teacher in ordinary-level physics practicals increased. The research recommends that schools should reduce student numbers in physics practical classes, provide teacher training, implement flexible seating arrangements, ensure proper classroom resources, determine an optimal number of students, and consider classroom layout adjustments to enhance the effectiveness of physics practicals
THE TYPE OF CODE MIXINGS USED BY TECH YOUTUBER ON YOUTUBE PLATFORM
Authors: Krisna Putu Ordi
Published: August 2024

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tipe-tipe campur bahasa yang sering digunakan oleh tech youtuber dan alasan menggunakan campur bahasa pada videonya. Metode deskriptif kualitatif digunakan pada penelitian ini dan berfokus pada kualitatif dari pada metode kuantitatif. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada suatu kejadian campur bahasa antara Bahasa Indonesia-Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan oleh tech youtuber didalam videonya. Selain itu, pengambilan data melalui proses observasi pada video dari masing-masing tech youtuber dan mewawancarai tech youtuber secara online dengan menggunakan google form. Selanjutnya, data yang telah diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan teory Hoffman (1991), Ho (2007), dan Saville-Troike(1986). Berdasarkan hasil dari analisis data, ditemukan bahwa tipe campur bahasa yang dominan digunakan yaitu Intra-Sentential code-mixing dengan jumlah 122 (59%). Sedangkan, alasan yang mendasari beauty vloggers menggunakan code-mixing yang paling dominan yaitu because of real lexical need dimana 9 (36%) tech youtuber memiliki alasan yang sama dengan alasan tersebut. Selain itu, terdapat 2 alasan tambahan diluar dari teori Saville-Troike (1986) dan Hoffman (1991) yaitu: ingin lebih banyak mendapatkan subsriber dan penonton, juga agar saat mepromosikan produk penonton lebih tertarik dengan produk yang dripromosikan.Kata Kunci: Code-mixing, Tipe-tipe Code-mixing, Alasan Code mixing.
Optimalisasi Asas Decentralisatie Wet: Studi Ratifikasi Undang-Undang Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian dan Pangan Berkelanjutan (PLP2B) di Banyuwangi
Authors: Holqi Fikri Gali Fernando , Widianto Irfany Thoriqul , Kurnia Tria Nindy , Wulandari Tiara Wahyu Meyda , Ananta Yudhistira
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the importance of PLP2B ratification in PERDA, and PLP2B optimization in RPJMD, as well as obstacles and problems in promulgating PLP2B RAPERDA Banyuwangi Regency and using a qualitative descriptive approach with the type of library research. Consists of primary data (journals and books) and secondary data (relevant literature). The data collected will be analyzed using Decentralisatie Wet Foundation. Then, conclusions will be drawn with an inductive (generalization) pattern at the last stage. The results of the study stated that PLP2B optimization can be done with synergy between the Central Government and Regional Governments. In this case, the Banyuwangi regional government has the authority to form a regional regulation referring to the function of regional autonomy. However, the establishment of the PLP2B Banyuwangi Regional Regulation has encountered problems, the difficulty of the Pansus in carrying out data collection that requires name by address. The RAPERDA promulgation stage has several problems, namely related to the difficulty of the Pansus (special committee) in collecting data on LSD (protected rice fields) which will later be taxed because it requires the existence of by name by address. The PLP2B Regional Regulation that has been approved by the Banyuwangi Regional Government will need to be optimized by making it a regional development priority.
A Comprehensive Review on Injectable Solutions as Dosage Forms
Authors: Gladys Iteriteka Milly , Sunil Kumar Lakavath
Published: August 2024

Injectable solutions are sterile, pyrogen- limited preparations intended to be administered parenterally. Solutions are clear, transparent, and free from particulate matter. Formulations are designed with suitable excipients. They are safe and effective in drug delivery systems. Injectable preparations may be packaged in prefilled syringes, vials, collapsible bag systems, or flexible plastic containers, and packaged with or without the addition of a secondary protective container. They come in packages with a capacity of 4ml, 5ml, 10ml, and so on. They are administrated in an intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC) manner. All injectable solutions need to undergo a pre-formulation stage. In this stage, many physical and chemical parameters of the drug are evaluated for the suitability of the drug to be formulated as an injectable dosage form to comply with the new drug applications. They are commonly used to deliver medications, vaccines, or fluids directly into the bloodstream or body tissues and stored according to cGMP guidelines.
Formas de morir: suicidio, honor y revolución en Montoneros
Authors: Ruiz María Olga , Aranda Gilberto
Published: August 2024

El artículo aborda el suicidio como política implementada por la organización revolucionaria argentina Montoneros en la segunda mitad de la década de 1970 del siglo XX. Se observa cómo, cuándo y por qué razones se estableció el suicidio como regla para el conjunto de la militancia, examinando las normativas y la experiencia de militantes que asumieron ese mandato. La aproximación se realiza desde la historia cultural y la historia de las emociones, y se sostiene en el análisis de un corpus documental heterogéneo que considera material producido por la organización y registros testimoniales producidos con posteridad.
The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Chromatic Gaussian Process Noise Models for Six Pulsars
Authors: Larsen Bjorn , Mingarelli Chiara M. F. , Hazboun Jeffrey S. , Chalumeau Aurélien , Good Deborah C. , Simon Joseph , Agazie Gabriella , Anumarlapudi Akash , Archibald Anne M. , Arzoumanian Zaven , Baker Paul T. , Brook Paul R. , Cromartie H. Thankful , Crowter Kathryn , DeCesar Megan E. , Demorest Paul B. , Dolch Timothy , Ferrara Elizabeth C. , Fiore William , Fonseca Emmanuel , Freedman Gabriel E. , Garver-Daniels Nate , Gentile Peter A. , Glaser Joseph , Jennings Ross J. , Jones Megan L. , Kaplan David L. , Kerr Matthew , Lam Michael T. , Lorimer Duncan R. , Luo Jing , Lynch Ryan S. , McEwen Alexander , McLaughlin Maura A. , McMann Natasha , Meyers Bradley W. , Ng Cherry , Nice David J. , Pennucci Timothy T. , Perera Benetge B. P. , Pol Nihan S. , Radovan Henri A. , Ransom Scott M. , Ray Paul S. , Schmiedekamp Ann , Schmiedekamp Carl , Shapiro-Albert Brent J. , Stairs Ingrid H. , Stovall Kevin , Susobhanan Abhimanyu , Swiggum Joseph K. , Wahl Haley M. , Champion David J. , Cognard Ismaël , Guillemot Lucas , Hu Huanchen , Keith Michael J. , Liu Kuo , McKee James W. , Parthasarathy Aditya , Perrodin Delphine , Possenti Andrea , Shaifullah Golam M. , Theureau Gilles
Published: August 2024

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are designed to detect low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). GWs induce achromatic signals in PTA data, meaning that the timing delays do not depend on radio frequency. However, pulse arrival times are also affected by radio-frequency-dependent “chromatic” noise from sources such as dispersion measure (DM) and scattering delay variations. Furthermore, the characterization of GW signals may be influenced by the choice of chromatic noise model for each pulsar. To better understand this effect, we assess if and how different chromatic noise models affect the achromatic noise properties in each pulsar. The models we compare include existing DM models used by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational waves (NANOGrav) and noise models used for the European PTA Data Release 2 (EPTA DR2). We perform this comparison using a subsample of six pulsars from the NANOGrav 15 yr data set, selecting the same six pulsars as from the EPTA DR2 six-pulsar data set. We find that the choice of chromatic noise model noticeably affects the achromatic noise properties of several pulsars. This is most dramatic for PSR J1713+0747, where the amplitude of its achromatic red noise lowers from

log

10

A

RN

=
−

14.1

−
0.1

+
0.1

to

−

14.7

−
0.5

+
0.3

, and the spectral index broadens from

γ

RN

=

2.6

−
0.4

+
0.5

to

γ

RN

=

3.5

−
0.9

+
1.2

. We also compare each pulsar's noise properties with those inferred from the EPTA DR2, using the same models. From the discrepancies, we identify potential areas where the noise models could be improved. These results highlight the potential for custom chromatic noise models to improve PTA sensitivity to GWs.
Novel Insights on the Dust Distribution in the Zodiacal Dust Cloud from PSP/WISPR Observations at Large Elongations
Authors: Stenborg Guillermo , Vourlidas Angelos , Paouris Evangelos , Howard Russell A.
Published: August 2024

The Wide-Field Imager for Solar Probe (WISPR) on the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission maps the brightness produced by the zodiacal dust cloud (ZDC) from an historically unprecedented viewpoint. The brightness results from the scattering of photospheric light by dust particles in the ZDC, and is called zodiacal light (ZL). We exploit the PSP nominal science encounters in orbits 10 through 16 for an in-depth study of the location and brightness evolution of the symmetry axis of the ZL in images taken with the WISPR outer telescope (WISPR-O). During these 11 day encounters, PSP covered heliocentric distances between 0.25 and 0.0617 au (∼53.78−13.28 R
☉) and ∼255° in helioecliptic longitude from within the orbital plane of Venus. The unique WISPR-O viewpoint, which comprises line-of-sight elongations of 80° ± 27°, has led to further insights about the ZDC. Namely, we find that the gravitational pull of the planets warps the ZDC symmetry plane and shifts the ZDC towards the solar system barycenter, creating an east–west asymmetry in the ZL brightness. Additionally, our analysis provides the first consistent observational evidence of a circumsolar dust enhancement resulting from the sublimation of dust grains at ∼25 R
☉. Overall, the WISPR observations from the PSP platform are opening a new window in the remote sensing of the ZDC.
Evaluating the Geoeffectiveness of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections: Insights from a Support Vector Machine Approach with SHAP Value Analysis
Authors: Ye Yudong , Liu Jiajia , Hao Yongqiang , Cui Jun
Published: August 2024

In this study, we compiled a data set of 510 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) events from 1996–2023 and trained a radial basis function support vector machine (RBF-SVM) model to investigate the geoeffectiveness of ICMEs and its dependence on the solar wind conditions observed at 1 au. The model demonstrates high performance in classifying geomagnetic storm intensities at specific Disturbance Storm Time thresholds and evaluating the geoeffectiveness of ICMEs. The model’s output was assessed using precision, recall, F1 score, and true skill statistics (TSS), complemented by stratified k-folds cross-validation for robustness. At the −50 nT threshold, the model achieves precisions of 0.84 and 0.93, recalls of 0.94 and 0.82, and corresponding F1 scores of 0.89 and 0.87 for the categories separated by this threshold, respectively. Overall accuracy is noted at 0.88, with a TSS of 0.76. Despite challenges at the −100 nT threshold due to data set imbalance and limited samples, the model maintains an overall accuracy of 0.87, with a TSS of 0.69, demonstrating the model’s ability to effectively handle imbalanced data. Physical insights were gained through model explanation with a SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value analysis, pinpointing the role of the southward magnetic field component in triggering geomagnetic storms, as well as the critical impact of shock-ICME combinations in intensifying these storms. The effective application of an SVM model with SHAP value analysis offers a way to understand and predict the geoeffectiveness of ICMEs. It also underscores the capability of a relatively simple machine learning model in predicting space weather and revealing the underlying physical mechanisms.
Phase-resolved Deadtime of the Crab Pulsar Using IXPE Data
Authors: Vivekanand M.
Published: August 2024

After receiving an X-ray photon, an X-ray detector is not operational for a duration known as deadtime. It is detector specific and its effect on the data depends upon the luminosity of the source. It reduces the observed photon count rate in comparison to the expected one. In periodic sources such as the Crab pulsar, it can distort the folded light curve (FLC). An undistorted FLC of the Crab pulsar is required in combination with its polarization properties for studying its X-ray emission mechanism. This work derives a simple formula for the distortion of the FLC of a pulsar caused by the detector deadtime, and validates it using Crab pulsar data from the X-ray observatories Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer and Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, which have very small and relatively large detector deadtimes respectively. Then it derives a method for correcting the distorted FLC of the Crab pulsar in Imaging X-ray Polarimeter Explorer data, which have intermediate detector deadtime. The formula is verified after addressing several technical issues. This work ends with a discussion of why an undistorted FLC is important for studying the formation of cusps in the FLC of the Crab pulsar.
On the Formation and Detectability of H2CNCN and Its Progenitors
Authors: Fortenberry Ryan C. , Esposito Vincent J.
Published: August 2024

New highly exothermic formation pathways incorporating both thermodynamic and kinetic control for the newly astronomically detected H2CNCN molecule are paired with extremely accurate quantum chemical rovibrational spectroscopic computations. The reactions between astronomically known CH2CN/CH2CCH + HNCN follow effectively identical pathways and proceed through stable intermediates and over deeply submerged transition states to form H2CNCN and HCN/HCCH coproducts. Similarly, the reaction between CH2CN and NCN− can also form H2CNCN, although this pathway first requires the initial formation of NCN−, which is currently undetected in space, via HNCN + CN−. This two-step mechanism uses the highly abundant CN− as the catalyst. Incredibly accurate quantum chemical spectroscopic data are reported for all reactants and products of these reactions, with errors between experimental values and the computations herein on the order of 0.1% or less. Anharmonic vibrational frequencies and intensities are also reported in order to guide experimental and observational searches for these molecules that have mostly been detected in the radio but may now be detectable via JWST.
Atomic Transition Probabilities for Ultraviolet and Optical Lines of Tm ii
*
Authors: Den Hartog E. A. , Voith G. T. , Roederer I. U.
Published: August 2024

We report new branching fraction measurements for 224 ultraviolet and optical transitions of Tm ii. These transitions range in wavelength (wavenumber) from 2350 to 6417 Å (42,532–15,579 cm−1) and originate in 13 odd-parity and 24 even-parity upper levels. Thirty-five of the 37 levels, accounting for 213 of the 224 transitions, are studied for the first time. Branching fractions are determined for two levels studied previously for comparison to earlier results. The levels studied for the first time are high lying, ranging in energy from 35,753 to 54,989 cm−1. The branching fractions are determined from emission spectra from two different high-resolution spectrometers. These are combined with radiative lifetimes reported in an earlier study to produce a set of transition probabilities and log(gf) values with accuracy ranging from 5% to 30%. Comparison is made to experimental and theoretical transition probabilities from the literature where such data exist. These new log(gf) values are used to derive an abundance from one previously unused Tm ii line in the UV spectrum of the r-process-enhanced metal-poor star HD 222925, and this abundance is consistent with previous determinations based on other Tm ii lines.
A Technique for Retrieving the Exospheric Number Density Distribution from Pickup Ion Ring Distributions
Authors: Masunaga Kei , Terada Naoki , Leblanc François , Harada Yuki , Hara Takuya , Sakai Shotaro , Yokota Shoichiro , Seki Kanako , Yamazaki Atsushi , McFadden James. P. , Usui Tomohiro
Published: August 2024

Ion pickup by the solar wind is ubiquitous in space plasma. Because pickup ions are originally produced by ionization of an exospheric neutral atmosphere, their measurements contain information on the exospheric neutral abundance. Here we established a method to retrieve exospheric number densities, by analyzing the ion velocity distribution functions of pickup ions measured by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft. We successfully retrieved exospheric oxygen density distributions at altitudes ranging from 1000 to 10,000 km around Mars except for the vicinity of the bow shock. This method can be applied to other space missions to study the upper atmosphere of planets, moons, and other small bodies in our solar system, where pickup ions exist.
Oral Health Care Strategy for Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Seo Jiseok , Bae Gyeongjin , Kim Juyeun , Paeng Jun-Young
Published: August 2024

The interconnection between oral health and mental health is being increasingly recognized, highlighting the need for integrated health care. Mental disorders often lead to poor oral health due to dietary habits, medication side effects, substance abuse, and inadequate hygiene. These oral issues can significantly affect quality of life, reducing self-esteem, increasing anxiety and depression, and limiting social interactions. Despite the impact of oral issues on mental health, psychiatric patients' oral health is often neglected due to communication barriers and discomfort between dental and psychiatric providers. This review emphasizes the need for routine oral health assessments in psychiatric settings, tools used for these assessments, and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. By fostering collaboration between dentistry and psychiatry, we can enhance health outcomes for individuals with mental health disorders.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2024;54(8):e240–e245.]
Land use changes in Southern Croatia (Dalmatia) since the beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Vrkić Anđela , Blaće Ante
Published: August 2024

This research analyzed land use changes in Southern Croatia over the past 120 years. The methodological approach employed analysis and chronological comparison of archival and statistical data, and geoprocessing of the Corine Land Cover geodatabase. In the period spanning from 1900 to 1945, agriculture was the main activity, accompanied by a notable decline in vineyards. The subsequent era, from 1945 to 1991, was characterized by the dominance of rapid industrialization, onset of land abandonment, and the reversion of former agricultural areas to natural vegetation. Since 1991, the trend of land abandonment and deruralization has persisted and intensified. As a result, shrubs and forests now claim the largest share of the researched area, solidifying a new landscape configuration.
Green Infrastructure for Secure and Scalable AI-Powered Prognosis Systems
Authors: Singh Priyank Kumar , Yadav Mohit , Gochhait Saikat , Wijethilaka Puwakpitiyage Gayan Dhanushka
Published: August 2024

The burgeoning field of AI-powered healthcare prognosis offers immense potential, but traditional data center infrastructure creates a significant environmental footprint. This chapter advocates for energy-efficient AI algorithms and hardware alongside renewable energy integration (solar, wind) to minimize reliance on fossil fuels. Robust security measures and privacy-preserving techniques are crucial to protect sensitive patient data used in AI models. Finally, scalable cloud-based infrastructure with containerization and auto-scaling ensures efficient handling of growing data volumes and user demands. By prioritizing these principles, we can create a sustainable and secure future where AI empowers healthcare prognosis, improving patient outcomes for generations to come.
Navigating Online Teaching and Assessment During a Pandemic
Authors: Yadav Seema
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a global shift towards online education, fundamentally altering traditional teaching and assessment methods across educational institutions. The rapid deployment of online learning highlighted the urgent need for enhanced digital literacy, innovative pedagogical approaches, and robust technological infrastructures to support effective instruction and student engagement. The pandemic underscored the necessity for evolving assessment methods to include continuous, multifaceted evaluations that accommodate diverse learning outcomes and student needs. This chapter synthesizes insights into the resilience and adaptability demonstrated by educators, the pedagogical and technological challenges encountered, and the ongoing implications for future educational practices in a post-pandemic landscape. The experience has emphasized the importance of ongoing professional development and the strategic integration of in-person and online instruction to ensure the quality and equity of education in increasingly digital learning environments.
Effective Technology for Gender Equity in the Hospitality Business
Authors: Talukder Mohammad Badruddoza , Kabir Firoj , Hasan Md. Mahedi , Dhiraj Ankit
Published: August 2024

This chapter examines technology's essential role in promoting gender equity within the hospitality industry, presenting insights from a worldwide perspective. While shifting societal norms and expectations, hospitality firms are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of ensuring gender equality. When it comes to this endeavor, one of the most effective strategies is to make efficient use of technology. The authors investigated a variety of technological interventions, ranging from recruiting platforms to data analytics tools, that support more equitable hiring practices, eliminate prejudices, and promote inclusivity at all levels of a business. Additionally, it investigates the exploitation of technology for training and development programs designed to solve gender-specific difficulties and support the growth of diverse talent pools. Through cutting-edge technical solutions, businesses have the potential to not only strengthen their competitive advantage but also make a substantial contribution to the development of more equal and inclusive working environments worldwide.
Analyzing Human Genome and Embryo Editing
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian , Jermsittiparsert Kittisak , Sharma Bhumika , Raghav Anjali
Published: August 2024

The rapid progress in genetic research and technological advancements in recent years have revolutionized the field of reproductive medicine. Human genome and embryo editing, which involve the deliberate alteration of genetic material, hold immense potential for preventing genetic diseases, enhancing human traits, and even addressing infertility. However, these groundbreaking developments come with significant ethical, legal, and social implications that need to be carefully examined and addressed. The absence of a unified global regulatory framework for human genome and embryo editing has created a fragmented landscape. Various countries have adopted different approaches, ranging from strict regulations to more permissive policies. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of affairs, highlighting the importance of establishing global standards to ensure responsible and equitable use of these technologies, while also prioritizing the protection of women's rights and ensuring reproductive justice.
Analysis of Electrothermal Imbalance of Hard-Switched Parallel SiC MOSFETs through Infrared Thermography
Authors: Borghese Alessandro , Angora Stefano , Boccarossa Marco , Riccio Michele , Maresca Luca , Marrazzo Vincenzo Romano , Breglio Giovanni , Irace Andrea
Published: August 2024

This paper provides an experimental investigation through infrared thermography of the steady-state temperature imbalance arising in parallel SiC MOSFETs. A switched-mode boost power converter based on two arrays of 4 parallel 1.2 kV MOSFETs is selected as a case-study. The analysis aims at proving that a proper device arrangement can minimize the thermal imbalance in the absence of circuit layout optimization.
Non-Linear Gate Stack Effect on the Short Circuit Performance of a 1.2-kV SiC MOSFET
Authors: Boccarossa Marco , Maresca Luca , Borghese Alessandro , Riccio Michele , Breglio Giovanni , Irace Andrea , Salvatore Giovanni Antonio
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the effect of a non-linear dielectric gate stack on the short-circuit performance of a 1.2 kV SiC MOSFET was analyzed through TCAD simulations. Starting from the TCAD model of a commercial 1.2 kV, its standard gate oxide was replaced with a stack formed by oxide and a non‑linear dielectric, characterized by a temperature dependent permittivity. This variation on temperature can be exploited to reduce the current conducted during short-circuit events, lowering the temperature reached through the device by about 30%, without affecting its static and dynamic performance.
Visualization of P+ JTE Embedded Rings Used for Peripheral Protection of High Voltage Schottky Diodes by the Optical Beam Induced Current (OBIC) Technique
Authors: Planson Dominique , Tournier Dominique , Bevilacqua Pascal , Sonneville Camille , Brosselard Pierre , Moulin Gabrielle , Phung Luong Viet , Godignon Philippe
Published: August 2024

This paper presents micro-OBIC measurements performed at different biasing on two power devices protected by a combination of P+ rings embedded in a JTE Zone. Thanks to the micro-OBIC micrometer spatial resolution, small gaps can be visible on OBIC profiles. Thus, the spatial variation of the micro-OBIC signal accurately reflects the topology of the periphery protection: combination of JTE and rings and channel stopper. These measurements agree with the electric field distribution (calculated by finite element method) along the structure.
Analytical Modelling of the Quasi-Static Operation of a Monolithically Integrated 4H-SiC Circuit Breaker Device
Authors: Boettcher Norman , Rommel Mathias , Erlbacher Johann Tobias
Published: August 2024

In this work, an analytical model describing the quasi-static operation of a monolithically integrated SiC solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) device is rederived and refined. This SSCB is based on a 4H-SiC JFET technology offering a self-sensed blocking mechanism. The proposed model is solely based on physical parameters including the SSCB design parameters. With respect to the refinement, the proposed model is not limited to one-sided pn-junctions, considers incomplete ionization of dopants, and is able to represent breakdown characteristics. In this regard, the JFET gate breakdown characteristics are derived taking thermionic emission, space-charge-limited current and impact ionization into account. To calculate the SSCB output characteristics, a bisection-based optimization algorithm is applied carefully considering individual JFET operating states.
Comparison of Si CMOS and SiC CMOS Operational Amplifiers
Authors: Kobayashi Ryosuke , Yamamoto Masayuki
Published: August 2024

In this study, we numerically compare the characteristics of Si and SiC CMOS operational amplifiers (OpAmp) using LTspice. According to prior researches, we set the device parameters for Si and SiC MOSFETs. The OpAmp consists of three stages: the input stage, the gain stage, and the output stage. We established three criteria for the OpAmp's operation: (1) a unity gain frequency of 1MHz, (2) an open-loop gain of at least 75dB, and (3) a phase margin of more than 60° when a load capacitance is 300pF. To achieve a unity gain frequency of 1MHz, we adjusted the values of the resistor and capacitor used for phase compensation. The supply voltage was set to be ±5V for the Si OpAmp and ±15V for the SiC one. Our numerical analysis of the frequency response shows that the Si OpAmp met all three criteria. In contrast, the SiC OpAmp, when faced with a load capacitor of 300pF, had a phase margin of 43.4°, falling below the 60° mark. For the SiC OpAmp, the frequency response declined rapidly when the supply voltage dropped to 10V or below.
Comparative Performance Evaluation of High-Voltage Bidirectional, Conventional and Superjunction Planar DMOSFETs in 4H-SiC
Authors: Torky Mohamed , Chow T. Paul
Published: August 2024

We quantitively compare the static and dynamic performance for high-voltage SiC bidirectional (BD) conventional and superjunction (SJ) DMOSFETs by using 3D TCAD simulations. We extract the specific on-resistance (RON,sp) and the total specific switching charge (QT,sp), which is a sum of the specific gate charge (QG,sp) and drain charge (QDS,sp) to quantify both the static and switching characteristics respectively. We also develop a new Figure-of-Merit (FoM), which is the product of RON,sp . QT,sp, to evaluate the overall performance. We show that the high-voltage 4H-SiC BD SJ DMOSFET has the best FoM with substantial (>58%) improvement, compared to the BD conventional DMOSFETs, which increases with increasing breakdown voltage.
Experimental Whirl Tower Tests Approaching and Surpassing Stall for a Variety of Tip Speeds
Authors:   Technical University of Munich, Mitropoulos Matti , Heuschneider Verena , Barth Aaron , Yavrucuk Ilkay
Published: August 2024

This paper outlines the investigation into the effect of static stall onset in hover on the deformation of rotor blades, comparing the behaviour of a stiff blade featuring a NACA0012 aerofoil, rectangular planform and no taper, and a hingeless blade attachment; with a more flexible blade featuring a NACA23012 aerofoil, twist and taper, and a leadlag hinge. The Munich Experimental Rotor Investigation Testbed (MERIT) at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) was operated in a two-blade configuration at a variety of rotational speeds and collective pitch angles, paired with a stereooptic high speed photogrammetry system. The post-processing methodology used to extract flap and torsional deformations despite the presence of a hinge is outlined, and it was shown that the hinge affected the onset of flow separation and subsequent deformations. A comprehensive set of experimental deformation data for a repeatable setup has been generated and published.
Pilots' Gaze Behavior During Simulated Helicopter Air-to-Air Refueling
Authors:   German Aerospace Center - DLR, Schmidt Sven , Greiwe Daniel , Jusko Tim
Published: August 2024

Refueling mid air is considered as important force multiplier for e.g. conducting search and rescue operations. Due to close proximity to the tanker, the refueling hose and drogue as well as the receiver can be strongly affected by the tanker's wake. Thus, the refueling drogue extended from the tanker by a hose is often oscillating from turbulence. Contact with the tanker has to be established by positioning the receiver's refueling probe within the tanker's drogue. During qualification training pilots are instructed to not focus on the drogue, due to its oscillations. This is done since chasing the drogue often leads to over-controlling and therefore mostly to a failed contact attempt. The presented research aims for improving today's Helicopter Air-to-Air Refueling (HAAR) as well as related training efficiency by a gain of understanding in this phenomenon. Therefore, the HAAR real-time simulation scenario at German Aerospace Center's (DLR) Air Vehicle Simulator (AVES) was extended with a multi body hose and a probe/drogue contact model to enable realistic contact initiation. During a piloted campaign, a total of six pilots with different levels of HAAR experience conducted the maneuver. This paper presents an analysis of obtained eye tracking data with regards to gaze entropy, total fixation duration on defined areas of interest and corresponding time history of control inputs. Potential links between gaze entropy and perceived workload that might be observed in the data are also discussed. Results show that the metrics can highlight differences in successful and unsuccessful attempts for contact of HAAR experienced and inexperienced pilots.
The Canadian Vertical Lift Autonomy Demonstration Project - High Level Concepts for the Development of Autonomy
Authors:   National Research Council of Canada, Gowanlock Derek , Jennings Sion , Ellis Kris , Gubbels Arthur , Carrothers Bryan , Comeau Perry
Published: August 2024

Through the development and flight testing of the Canadian Vertical Lift Autonomy Demonstration (CVLAD) Autonomous Flight System (AFS), the NRC has developed technical and operational insight into many high-level concepts of a full-scale supervised-autonomous helicopter, which are thought to be applicable to a wide variety of implementations and approaches. This paper presents two important concepts: "The Contract" and "Levels of Aggression", for which it is expected some aspect of implementation would be required in any supervised autonomous platform and in particular for platforms where the pilot supervising the autonomy remains on-board the aircraft (and thus the AFS provides a 'competent co-pilot' type functionality).
Prognostic Value of Plasma Endothelin-1 in Predicting Worse Outcomes in Patients with Prediabetes and Diabetes and Stable Coronary Artery Diseases
Authors: Yang Cheng , Zhu Cheng-Gang , Guo Yuan-Lin , Wu Na-Qiong , Dong Qian , Xu Rui-Xia , Wu Yong-Jian , Qian Jie , Li Jian-Jun
Published: August 2024

Background: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an endogenous vasoconstrictor implicated in coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of ET-1 in the patients with stable CAD under different glucose metabolism states.Methods: In this prospective, large-cohort study, we consecutively enrolled 7,947 participants with angiography-diagnosed stable CAD from April 2011 to April 2017. Patients were categorized by baseline glycemic status into three groups (normoglycemia, prediabetes, and diabetes) and further divided into nine groups by circulating ET-1 levels. Patients were followed for the occurrence of cardiovascular events (CVEs), including nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality.Results: Of the 7,947 subjects, 3,352, 1,653, and 2,942 had normoglycemia, prediabetes, and diabetes, respectively. Over a median follow-up of 37.5 months, 381 (5.1%) CVEs occurred. The risk for CVEs was significantly higher in patients with elevated ET-1 levels after adjustment for potential confounders. When patients were categorized by both status of glucose metabolism and plasma ET-1 levels, the high ET-1 levels were associated with higher risk of CVEs in prediabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.089; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.151 to 3.793) and diabetes (adjusted HR, 2.729; 95% CI, 1.623 to 4.588; both P<0.05).Conclusion: The present study indicated that baseline plasma ET-1 levels were associated with the prognosis in prediabetic and diabetic patients with stable CAD, suggesting that ET-1 may be a valuable predictor in CAD patients with impaired glucose metabolism.
Reverse tube direction and epistaxis in left nasotracheal intubation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Jun-Young , Yu Jihion , Kim Chan-Sik , Mun Taeho , Jeong Woo Shik , Choi Jong Woo , Lee Kichang , Kim Young-Kug
Published: August 2024

Background: The incidence of epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation via the left nostril is more frequent than that during intubation via the right nostril. This study evaluated the effect of the reverse bevel and tip direction of the nasotracheal tube on the incidence of epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation via the left nostril.Methods: Patients undergoing right-sided maxillofacial surgery requiring left nasotracheal intubation were randomly allocated to the control (tracheal tube in the conventional direction) or reverse (a 180˚ reverse direction, with the tube bevel facing the nasal septum and the leading edge (i.e., the tip) of the bevel pointing away from the nasal septum) groups (n = 37 for both). The primary outcome was the incidence of epistaxis evaluated using videolaryngoscopy. Results: The incidence of epistaxis in the reverse group was significantly lower than that in the control group (9 [24.3%] vs. 20 [54.1%], P = 0.009; relative risk: 0.45, 95% CI [0.24, 0.85], absolute risk reduction: 29.8%, number needed to treat: 3). The severity of epistaxis was significantly lower in the reverse group (P = 0.002). The first attempt nasal passage (P = 0.027) was significantly higher in the reverse group. Postoperative nasal pain was lower (P < 0.001), and patient satisfaction was higher (P < 0.001) in the reverse group. Nasotracheal tube-related complications did not occur in either group.Conclusions: The reverse bevel and tip direction of the nasotracheal tube reduced the incidence and severity of epistaxis and increased patient satisfaction among patients undergoing left nasotracheal intubation.
Conceptualising Responsible Leadership in South Africa: An Interactive Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Grobler Anton , Koen Werner
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The studying of responsible leadership as a leadership construct is facing challenges in defining, specifically within a South African context. This has been amplified by real-world challenges such as the increased unethical behaviour. This study aims to conceptualise responsible leadership as a leadership construct across industries, encompassing both private and public sectors in the context of South Africa.Design/methodology/approach: An exploratory qualitative design is employed: The Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA), a research methodology approach qualitative in format. This involves a step-by-step application to conceptualise responsible leadership through a controlled focus groups comprising of 19 leaders representing a diverse range of industries within South African. The inductive nature of initial stages, combined with deductive techniques, facilitates detection of perspectives on responsible leadership, enhancing the exploratory aspect of qualitative research.Findings/results: Results are illustrated using System Influence Diagram (SID): Demonstrating the primary driver in responsible leadership as growth, with sustainability and planning as secondary drivers. These secondary drivers, resulted in team mental health and values as secondary outcomes, and culminated to the primary outcome of business insight. Grounded on this, recommendations for future research are made.Practical implications: The significance of the study resides in the conceptualisation of the construct responsible leadership, within the South African context.Originality/value: This conceptualisation of responsible leadership is valuable because it aids in elucidating the social and ethical responsibilities of leaders, including their accountability to both stakeholders and society.