bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new Mesozoic scorpion from the Besano Formation (Middle Triassic, Monte San Giorgio UNESCO WHL), Italy
Authors: Viaretti Marco , Bindellini Gabriele , Dal Sasso Cristiano
Published: July 2023

The first Mesozoic scorpion from Italy,Protobuthus zilioliisp. nov., is here described and named thanks to a single specimen. This new species comes from the Besano Formation (Middle Triassic) of Monte San Giorgio, a UNESCO World Heritage Locality (WHL). Taphonomical analysis allows interpretation of the specimen as a full-body fossil, rather than an exuvia. Different analytical techniques, such as optical, UV, and SEM microscopy, reveal different characters, not visible together with a single method. The new species is assigned to the family Protobuthidae.Protobuthus zilioliiis the first arachnid to be reported from the Besano Formation and the Mesozoic of Italy, the second from the Monte San Giorgio WHL, and the second species of the genusProtobuthusin the world. This discovery corroborates the previously hypothesized nearshore deposition for the genesis of the upper portion of the Besano Formation.
Veillonella parvula promotes the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma through the nucleotide oligomerization domain 2/cellular communication network factor 4/nuclear factor kappa B pathway
Authors: Zeng Wen , Wang Yuhuan , Wang Zhe , Yu Mengge , Liu Kang , Zhao Chengzhu , Pan Yiyun , Ma Shudong
Published: July 2023

Enrichment of Veillonella parvula in the lung microbiota is strongly associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and induces the progression of lung adenocarcinoma in vivo, but its actual role and mechanism remain unexplored. This study analyzed the correlation between NSCLC and V. parvula abundance based on 16 s rRNA sequencing results. The effects of V. parvula on the progression of lung adenocarcinoma were observed in vivo and in vitro using a C57 bl/6j mouse tumor-bearing model, a bacterial cell co-culture model, combined with transcriptome sequencing, and a TCGA database to explore and validate the growth promotion of lung adenocarcinoma by V. parvula and its molecular mechanism. 16 s rRNA sequencing revealed that V. parvula was significantly enriched in lung adenocarcinoma. In vivo, V. parvula promoted the growth of lung adenocarcinoma in mice by suppressing the infiltration of tumor-associated T lymphocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes. It showed a higher affinity for lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and promoted lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation through adhesion or intracellular invasion. Further analysis of differential gene expression and KEGG enrichment by transcriptome sequencing revealed that V. parvula induced CCN4 expression and activated NOD-like receptor and NF-κB signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Further analysis clarified that V. parvula promoted activation of the NF-κB pathway via Nod2/CCN4 signaling, which promoted lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. Thus, V. parvula mediates activation of the Nod2/CCN4/NF-κB signaling pathway to promote non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma progression, thereby providing a potential target for diagnosing and treating lung adenocarcinoma.

Graphical Abstract
COVID-19 lessons to protect populations against future pandemics by implementing PPPM principles in healthcare
Authors: Tian Cuihong , Balmer Lois , Tan Xuerui
Published: July 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has continued for more than 3 years, placing a huge burden on society worldwide. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared an end to COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), it is still considered a global threat. Previously, there has been a long debate as to whether the COVID-19 emergency will eventually end or transform into a more common infectious disease from a PHEIC, and how should countries respond to similar pandemics in the future more time-efficiently and cost-effectively. We reviewed the past, middle and current situation of COVID-19 based on bibliometric analysis and epidemiological data. Thereby, the necessity is indicated to change the paradigm from reactive healthcare services to predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (PPPM) approach, in order to effectively protect populations against COVID-19 and any future pandemics. Corresponding measures are detailed in the article including the involvement of multi-professional expertise, application of artificial intelligence, rapid diagnostics and patient stratification, and effective protection, amongst other to be considered by advanced health policy.
Some $$p,q$$-cubic quasi-rung orthopair fuzzy operators for multi-attribute decision-making
Authors: Chu Yu-Ming , Garg Harish , Rahim Muhammad , Amin Fazli , Asiri Asim , Ameer Eskandar
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to support decision-makers improve their ability to accurately capture and represent their judgment in a wide range of situations. To do this, we propose a new type of fuzzy set called a $$p,q$$

p
,
q

-cubic quasi-rung orthopair fuzzy set ($$p,q$$

p
,
q

-CQOFS). The $$p,q$$

p
,
q

-CQOFS allows for a more flexible and detailed expression of incomplete information through the use of an additional parameter. The paper describes the concept of $$p,q$$

p
,
q

-CQOFS and its relationship to other types of fuzzy sets, introduces score and accuracy functions for $$p,q$$

p
,
q

-CQOFS and analyzes some of its mathematical properties, defines the Hamming distance measure between two $$p,q$$

p
,
q

-CQOFSs and examines some of its important properties, investigates the basic operations of $$p,q$$

p
,
q

-CQOFSs and extends these laws to aggregation operators, and introduces weighted averaging and geometric aggregation operators for combining $$p,q$$

p
,
q

-cubic quasi-rung orthopair fuzzy data.
Closed-form expressions for monoprotic weak acid aqueous solutions
Authors: Caicedo Anthony J. , Morales Juan C. , Arango Carlos A.
Published: July 2023

A general closed-form expression for $${[\textrm{H}_{3}\textrm{O}^+]}$$

[

H
3

O
+

]

of solutions of a weak acid and a weak acid buffer, as well as their titration with a strong base, has been obtained and mathematically analyzed with the aid of computer algebra systems. This expression is used to evaluate, without the use of numerical approximations, the precision and accuracy of different approximations commonly employed in general chemistry and chemical analysis courses. The closed-form expression for $${{[\textrm{H}_{3}\textrm{O}^+]}}$$

[

H
3

O
+

]

of a buffer solution is used to obtain an analytical expression for the pH stability when a strong base is added. Finally, it is shown that the $${[\textrm{H}_{3}\textrm{O}^+]}$$

[

H
3

O
+

]

expressions for all the systems under study can be obtained from a general closed-form expression in terms of an effective weak acid constant and an effective acid concentration. The formulas found in this work do not display numerical rounding errors and do not require the use of numerical or graphical methods for their evaluation.

Graphical abstract
Upset but (almost) correct: a conceptual replication of Di Tella, Perez-Truglia, Babino and Sigman (2015)
Authors: Verrina Eugenio
Published: July 2023

This paper provides a close conceptual replication of the study by Di Tella et al. (Am Econ Rev 105: 3416–42, 2015) on self-serving beliefs. The design differs in some aspects from the original study, but maintains its fundamental structure and uses a larger sample size. The main findings of the original study are not replicated. If anything, beliefs seem to be biased in the opposite direction. These results are discussed jointly with two other replication efforts by Ging-Jehli et al. (Games Econ Behav 122–341, 2020) and Ahumada et al. (Well excuse me! replicating and connecting excuse-seeking behaviors, 2022). The main conclusion is that self-serving beliefs about others in strategic settings seem to be quite sensitive and hard to capture.
Laboratory study and constitutive modeling of time-dependent properties of a naturally filled discontinuity
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Zheng Yanni , Jia Chaojun , Lei Mingfeng , Li Zhong
Published: July 2023

Time-dependent properties of naturally filled discontinuities play a critical role in ensuring the long-term stability of tunnels. This study developed a novel sampling method to prepare samples of naturally filled discontinuities, which were then subjected to shear creep tests under varying normal stresses. The time-dependent properties, including creep deformation, instantaneous deformation, steady-state creep rate, and long-term strength, were carefully analyzed. The results showed an exponential increase in cumulative creep deformation and steady-state creep rate with the augmentation of shear stress. Notably, under lower normal stress (0.2 MPa), the local compaction and rotation of stone particles within the fillers of the discontinuity samples lead to a reduction in creep deformation. Drawing on the experimental results, a new rheological element based on the Kachanov–Rabotnov creep damage theory was proposed. By incorporating this nonlinear element in series with the classical Burgers model, a constitutive creep model was established to describe the three creep stages of naturally filled discontinuities. The presented experimental data, and the developed creep model, can serve as valuable references for ensuring the long-term stability and safety of tunnels traversing through discontinuities.
Early recognition of entrepreneurial traits and intentions: a comparative study on university students in Australia and Japan
Authors: Magableh Khaled Naser , Kannan Selvi
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of entrepreneurial traits on entrepreneurial intentions, while exploring the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness. An online structured questionnaire (facilitated by Qualtrics tool) via the Facebook platform was used to collect data from university students in Australia and Japan. We applied bootstrapping and algorithms performed on Smart-PLS software to test the study’s developed hypotheses. The findings suggest risk-taking propensity affects Australian and Japanese students’ entrepreneurial alertness the greatest. However, Japanese students’ need for achievement has a considerable influence on entrepreneurial alertness and an indirect effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Japanese students’ self-efficacy has little influence on entrepreneurial awareness or intentions, but Australian students do. Overall, Japanese student personality factors affect more to entrepreneurial alertness and entrepreneurial intentions. The research findings are original and unique and are based on established models and theories from the literature on entrepreneurship. The results are based on a sample of Australian and Japanese institutions owing to the Australia–Japan friendship, common strategy, and economic interests. Respondents are from six Australian and Japanese institutions. Educational institutions, academics, and policymakers may leverage the study results for entrepreneurial success. Future research should reflect this study’s limitations. The researcher did not study the direct impact of personality factors on entrepreneurial inclinations. Future studies should explore the influence of personality factors on entrepreneurial inclinations. Future research may conduct a similar study in other countries.
Application of Statistical Methods for Central Statistical Monitoring and Implementations on the German Multiple Sclerosis Registry
Authors: Fneish Firas , Ellenberger David , Frahm Niklas , Stahmann Alexander , Fortwengel Gerhard , Schaarschmidt Frank
Published: July 2023

Monitoring of clinical trials is a fundamental process required by regulatory agencies. It assures the compliance of a center to the required regulations and the trial protocol. Traditionally, monitoring teams relied on extensive on-site visits and source data verification. However, this is costly, and the outcome is limited. Thus,central statistical monitoring(CSM) is an additional approach recently embraced by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) to detect problematic or erroneous data by using visualizations and statistical control measures. Existing implementations have been primarily focused on detecting inlier and outlier data. Other approaches include principal component analysis and distribution of the data. Here we focus on the utilization of comparisons of centers to the Grand mean for different model types and assumptions for common data types, such as binomial, ordinal, and continuous response variables. We implement the usage of multiple comparisons of single centers to the Grand mean of all centers. This approach is also available for various non-normal data types that are abundant in clinical trials. Further, using confidence intervals, an assessment of equivalence to the Grand mean can be applied. In a Monte Carlo simulation study, the applied statistical approaches have been investigated for their ability to control type I error and the assessment of their respective power for balanced and unbalanced designs which are common in registry data and clinical trials. Data from the German Multiple Sclerosis Registry (GMSR) including proportions of missing data, adverse events and disease severity scores were used to verify the results on Real-World-Data (RWD).
Effect of austempering temperature on microstructure and cyclic deformation behaviour of multiphase low-carbon steel
Authors: Long X. Y. , Branco R. , Macek W. , Masoudi Nejad R. , Lesiuk G. , Zhu S. P. , Amaro A. M.
Published: July 2023

This paper examined the cyclic deformation behaviour of multiphase low-carbon steel that was subjected to austempering heat treatments at four temperatures (190 °C, 230 °C, 275 °C, and 315 °C) below the martensite start temperature (M

s
 = 353 °C). The tests were conducted at room temperature, under fully reversed strain-controlled conditions, with strain amplitudes in the range 0.5–1.0%. The microstructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The steel had a bainite/martensite microstructure, with increasing bainite content for higher austempering temperatures. Irrespective of the tested conditions, it strain-hardened during the first two cycles and then, strain-softened until failure. The austempering temperature did not significantly affect the stress-based, strain-based and energy-based relationships. However, lower austempering temperatures slightly improved the fatigue performance.
Effects of anthropogenic aerosols on the evolution of Indian summer monsoon
Authors: Huang Kuan-Tzu , Sui Chung-Hsiung , Lo Min-Hui , Kuo Yu-Yang , Chang Chiung-Wen June
Published: July 2023

The NCAR Community Earth System Model is used to study the influences of anthropogenic aerosols on the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). We perform two sets of 30-year simulations subject to the prescribed perpetual SST annual cycle. One is triggered by the year 2000 climatology anthropogenic aerosol emissions data over the Indian Peninsula (referred to as AERO), and the other one is by the year 1850 (referred to as CTL). Only aerosol direct effects are included in the experiments. In our results, the transition of ISM in AERO relative to the CTL exhibits a similar ensemble-mean onset date with a larger spread, and more abrupt onset in late spring, and an earlier but more gradual withdrawal in early fall. The aerosols-induced circulation changes feature an upward motion over the northeastern Indian Peninsula and strengthened anticyclonic circulation over the Arabia Sea in the pre-monsoon season, and a northward shift of monsoon flow in the developed monsoon period along with strengthened local meridional circulation over northern India. The strengthened anticyclonic circulation over Arabia Sea caused a 16% increase in natural dust transport from the Middle East in the pre-monsoon season. The elevated aerosol heating over Tibet causes stronger ascending motion in the pre-monsoon period that leads to earlier and more abrupt ISM onset. The earlier monsoon withdrawal is attributed to the aerosol-induced anticyclonic flow within 10°–25°N and cyclonic flow within 0°–10°N over eastern India and Bay of Bengal that resemble the ISM seasonal transition in September.
Clinical Practice Guidelines in an Era of Accountability, Saudi Arabia: A Call for Action
Authors: Abdellatif Hoda M. , Al-Muallem Amani , Almansoof Afaf Saleh , AlRohaily Sami A. , Alzahrani Abdullah , AlGhodaier Hussah , Saeedi Mohammad , AlAzemi Nahar , Hassan Imad
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) development and implementation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are suboptimal. The Kingdom’s Vision 2030 envisages a transformational change to achieve an effective, integrated, value-based ecosystem focused on patient health.

Objectives

This study aimed to develop a CPG appraisal tool that will support the realization of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 through the development of high-quality and highly implementable CPGs. To maximize its impact, all vital healthcare paradigms, such as systems thinking, value-based healthcare, and information technology, will robustly be incorporated in the tool.

Methods

The Saudi Health Council through its National Center of Evidence-Based Medicine (NCEBM) embarked on a program to develop this appraisal tool. A taskforce of experts was selected based on their experience in evidence-based practice and training. The task force, through a methodology of extensive literature review, deliberation, outside experts’ feedback, and Delphi and consensus voting, developed a prototype appraisal tool that was named the Holistic Appraisal Tool for CPGs (HAT-CPG).

Results

The HAT-CPG was developed comprising three sections: an initial basic information section, an internal validity section, and an external validity section with a total of 13 section items and 73 reporting elements.

Conclusion

It is envisaged that the Holistic Appraisal Tool will support CPG developers and users in Saudi Arabia in realizing the objectives for which it was developed.
The Publications of the Bedfordshire Historical Record Society Volume III
Authors: Austin William , Jenkinson Hilary
Published: July 2023

Includes 'Roll of the Justices in Eyre at Bedford, 1227', by G. Herbert Fowler (Introduction and English Translation of the Roll).

'The Domesday Water Mills of Bedfordshire', by W. Austin (Includes a map of their location).

'The King's Larderer of Meppershall', by Mrs. Hilary Jenkinson. 'Recruiting of Militia, 1798', (Transcription of the order from the Bedfordshire justices to the chief constable of Clifton hundred to draw up a list of the men aged 18 to 45 of Lower Stondon who were eligible for the militia).
The Publications of the Bedfordshire Historical Record Society Volume IX
Authors: Blundell Joseph Hight , Fox Cyril , Moriarty G. Andrews , Peyton S.
Published: July 2023

Contains 'The Shefford Beaker', by Cyril Fox.
'The Later Descent of Wingate of Harlington', by Joseph Hight Blundell.
'The Disseisins by Falk de Breaute at Luton', by G. Herbert Fowler and Michael W. Hughes.
'An Elizabethan Inquisition Concerning Bondmen', by S. Peyton.
'Roll of the Justices in Eyre, 1242', by G. Herbert Fowler.
'A list of Bedfordshire Apprentices, 1711-1720', by Mrs. Hilary Jenkinson.
'The Commune of Bedford', by Prof. F. M. Stenton.
'A Handlist of the Bedfordshire County Muniments', prepared by the County Records Committee.
The Publications of The Bedfordshire Historical Record Society Volume XI
Authors: Blundell Joseph Hight , Farrer William , Fowler G. Herbert , Peyton S. , Tait James
Published: July 2023

Includes 'The Honour of Old Wardon', by the late William Farrer, with an introduction by James Tait (With pedigrees).

'Early Records of Turvey and its Neighbourhood, Part I: A The Drayton Charters; B The Halstead Charters', by G. Herbert Fowler (The Drayton charters, so called because they were found at Drayton House, Northamptonshire, include 23 charter relating to Turvey in the period 1138 to 1403. They are printed here in Latin, with extensive notes. The second part of the article discusses documents on the Mordaunt family of Turvey used by Robert Halstead in his Succinct genealogies of the noble and ancient houses … (1685) and concludes, by comparing them with the Drayton charters, that the documents are forgeries.).

 'Ecclesiastical Troubles in Dunstable, c. 1616', by S. Peyton (Star chamber proceedings instituted by Edward Alport, clerk.).

'The inventory of Toddington manor house, 1644', by Joseph Hight Blundell.

'Note on the Peyvre family', by G. H. F. (A correction to notes and pedigrees on the Peyvre family in volume 10 at p. 318.).
Implementation of a case formulation to reduce restrictive interventions on a psychiatric intensive care unit: quasi-experimental single case evaluation
Authors: Cox Fay , Kellett Stephen
Published: July 2023

Background:

Despite the use of case formulation being encouraged for in-patient psychiatric care, there have been no previous examples and evaluations of this type of work on a psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Aims:

To evaluate whether a schema-informed formulation with a patient diagnosed with emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and mild learning difficulties was effective in reducing the use of restrictive interventions.

Method:

A biphasic n = 1 quasi-experimental design with an 8-week baseline versus an 8-week intervention phase. The restrictive outcomes measured were use of physical restraint, seclusion, and intramuscular rapid tranquilisation. The formulation was developed through eight one-to-one sessions during the baseline period, and was implemented via six one-to-one sessions during the intervention phase and discussion at the ward reflective practice group. The intervention encouraged better communication of schema modes from the patient and for staff to then respond with bespoke mode support.

Results:

Incidents involving need for seclusion, restraint and rapid tranquilisation extinguished.

Discussion:

The need for making access to psychological input a routine aspect of the care in PICUs and the necessity for developing a methodologically more robust evidence base for psychological interventions on these wards.
Factor structure of the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol neuropsychological battery in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Jones Richard N. , Manly Jennifer J. , Langa Kenneth M. , Ryan Lindsay H. , Levine Deborah A. , McCammon Ryan , Weir David
Published: July 2023

Objective:

The Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) describes an assessment battery and a family of population-representative studies measuring neuropsychological performance. We describe the factorial structure of the HCAP battery in the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS).

Method:

The HCAP battery was compiled from existing measures by a cross-disciplinary and international panel of researchers. The HCAP battery was used in the 2016 wave of the HRS. We used factor analysis methods to assess and refine a theoretically driven single and multiple domain factor structure for tests included in the HCAP battery among 3,347 participants with evaluable performance data.

Results:

For the eight domains of cognitive functioning identified (orientation, memory [immediate, delayed, and recognition], set shifting, attention/speed, language/fluency, and visuospatial), all single factor models fit reasonably well, although four of these domains had either 2 or 3 indicators where fit must be perfect and is not informative. Multidimensional models suggested the eight-domain model was overly complex. A five-domain model (orientation, memory delayed and recognition, executive functioning, language/fluency, visuospatial) was identified as a reasonable model for summarizing performance in this sample (standardized root mean square residual = 0.05, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, confirmatory fit index = 0.94).

Conclusions:

The HCAP battery conforms adequately to a multidimensional structure of neuropsychological performance. The derived measurement models can be used to operationalize notions of neurocognitive impairment, and as a starting point for prioritizing pre-statistical harmonization and evaluating configural invariance in cross-national research.
Disrespectful and inadequate palliative care to transgender persons
Authors: Berkman Cathy , Stein Gary L. , Javier Noelle Marie , O’Mahony Sean , Maingi Shail , Godfrey David
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to describe disrespectful, inadequate, and abusive care to seriously ill patients who identify as transgender and their partners.

Methods

A cross-sectional mixed methods study was conducted. The sample included 865 nurses, physicians, social workers, and chaplains. Respondents were asked whether they had observed disrespectful, inadequate, or abusive care due to the patient being transgender and to describe such care.

Results

Of the 21.3% of participants who reported observing discriminatory care to a transgender patient, 85.3% had observed disrespectful care, 35.9% inadequate care, and 10.3% abusive care. Disrespectful care included insensitivity; rudeness, ridicule, and gossip by staff; not acknowledging or accepting the patient’s gender identity or expression; privacy violations; misgendering; and using the incorrect name. Inadequate care included denying, delaying, or rushing care; ignorance of appropriate medical and other care; and marginalizing or ignoring the spouse/partner.

Significance of results

These findings illustrate discrimination faced by seriously ill transgender patients and their spouse/partners. Providers who are disrespectful may also deliver inadequate care to transgender patients, which may result in mistrust of providers and the health-care system. Inadequate care due to a patient’s or spouse’s/partner’s gender identity is particularly serious. Dismissing spouses/partners as decision-makers or conferring with biological family members against the patient’s wishes may result in unwanted care and constitute a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) violation. Institutional policies and practices should be assessed to determine the degree to which they are affirming to both patients and staff, and revised if needed. Federal and state civil rights legislation protecting the LGBTQ+ community are needed, particularly given the rampant transphobic legislation and the majority of states lacking civil rights laws protecting LGBTQ+ people. Training healthcare professionals and staff to become competent and comfortable treating transgender patients is critical to providing optimal care for these seriously ill patients and their spouse/partner.
Translation and Validation of the BFI-2 in a Croatian Sample
Authors: Hausding Marcela , Horstmann Kai T.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. This paper describes the process of translation and validation of the adaptation of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) in the Croatian language. The translation process from English to Croatian was conducted using a forward and backward translation process. The resulting adaptation was then assessed for structural and construct validity, as well as reliability on a convenience sample of 320 Croatian participants. The results showed good reliability estimates at the domain level and somewhat lower yet satisfying estimates at the facet level. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) supported the proposed hierarchical structure. The BFI-2 domains and facets showed adequate construct validity, estimated via the within- and between-domain correlations of the facet scales. Overall, the preliminary results of the Croatian adaptation are satisfactory and support efforts for further improvement and assessment in a larger sample, adequate for research in personality psychology.
Authigenic Carbonate Precipitation at Yam Seep Controlled by Continuous Fracturing and Uplifting of Four‐Way Closure Ridge Offshore SW Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Yiting , Smrzka Daniel , Lin Saulwood , Schröder‐Ritzrau Andrea , Frank Norbert , Bohrmann Gerhard
Published: July 2023

Hydrocarbon seeps are common manifestations of gas leakage from the seafloor. However, the fate of methane seepage within the gas hydrate stability zone at active margins is poorly constrained. This study presents a 40‐thousand‐year record of hydrocarbon seepage archived by a ∼5‐m long core composed of authigenic carbonate from the Yam Seep area, Four‐Way Closure Ridge off SW Taiwan. Different carbonate microfacies could be distinguished: Consolidated microcrystalline aragonite representing lithified host sediments intercalated by pure aragonite present in 10–50 cm thick intervals in the core. These aragonite intervals are interpreted as having precipitated within former fractures in the host rock. High resolution U‐Th dating of these aragonites is interpreted to record the minimum age of the opening of these fractures. The chronology of aragonite precipitation throughout the core suggests a record of continuous seepage from ∼41 to 2 ka that fluctuated in intensity over this time period. The chronology of putative fracturing events and observed carbonate precipitation suggest (a) an active period of fracturing and seepage from ∼37 to 27 ka, (b) a more quiescent period from ∼27 to 16 ka, followed by (c) another active period from ∼16 to 12 ka. A schematic model illustrates the evolution of carbonate formation within the core influenced by faulting, fracturing, erosion, gas hydrate accumulation, and aragonite precipitation and provides a unique 40,000‐year‐old record of methane seepage and crucial insights into the dynamics of long‐term seepage systems at active margins.
Poroviscoelastic Gravitational Dynamics
Authors: Kamata S.
Published: July 2023

Global‐scale periodic deformation has been studied using the (visco)elastic gravitational theory, which assumes a planetary body consists of solid or liquid layers. Recent planetary exploration missions, however, suggest that a global layer of a mixture of solid and liquid exists in several planetary bodies. This study provides a theory of periodic deformation of such a layer unifying the viscoelastic gravitational theory with the theory of poroelasticity without introducing additional constraints. The governing equation system and a formulation suitable for numerical calculation are given. Equations used to calculate the energy dissipation rate are also given. The analytical solutions for a homogeneous sphere are obtained using an eigenvalue approach. Simple numerical calculations assuming a homogeneous sphere reveal that a numerical instability occurs if a thick porous layer, a low permeability, or a high frequency is assumed. This instability can be avoided by choosing an appropriate interior structure model that is numerically equivalent. Different simple numerical calculations adopting a multilayered, radially varying interior profile reveal that the radial profile of the tidal heating rate for a fluid‐saturated porous layer and that for a low‐viscosity solid layer are completely different. In addition, the radial variation in porosity can lead to a factor of ∼100 increase in the local heating rate. These results indicate that future studies should consider a wider variety of detailed interior structure models.
What Is a Polygonal Impact Crater? A Proposed Framework Toward Quantifying Crater Shapes
Authors: Robbins Stuart J. , Riggs Jamie D.
Published: July 2023

Impact craters are used for a wide array of investigations of planetary surfaces. A crater form that is somewhat rare, forming only ∼10% of impact craters, is the polygonal impact crater (or PIC). These craters have been visually, manually identified as having at least two rim segments that are best represented as straight lines. Such straight lines or edges are most often used to infer details about the subsurface crust where faults control the structure of the crater cavity as it formed. The PIC literature is scant, but almost exclusively these craters are identified manually, and the potentially straight edges are classified and measured manually. The reliance on human subjectivity in both the identification and measurement motivated us to design a more objective algorithm to fit the crater rim shape, measure any straight edges, and measure joint angles between straight edges. The developed code uses a Monte Carlo approach from a user‐input number of edges to first find a reasonable shape from purely random possible shapes; it then uses an iterative Monte Carlo approach to improve the shape until a minimum difference between the shape and rim trace is found. It returns the result in a concise, parameterized form. This code is presented as a first step because, while we experimented with several different metrics, we could not find one that could consistently, objectively return an answer that stated which shape for a given crater was the best; this objective metric is an area for future improvement.
Global 3‐D Distributions of O+ and H+ Ions in the Inner Magnetosphere Reconstructed by Voxel Tomography From TWINS ENA Images During a Large Magnetic Storm
Authors: Zeng X. Y. , Ma S. Y. , Xu L. , Valek P. , Wang H. , Xiong C. , Cai H. T.
Published: July 2023

Using improved voxel tomography method for energetic neutral atom (ENA) emission, global 3‐D distributions of O+ and H+ ions in the inner magnetosphere are reconstructed from ENA images remotely sensed by the Two Wide‐angle Imaging Neutral‐atom Spectrometers (TWINS) mission during 15 July 2012 magnetic storm. The compositions of ENA‐O and ‐H are separated by statistical fitting based on start‐pulse‐height distributions. The errors in iterative inversions range from 0.12 to 0.28 at 16 and 32 keV. The reconstructed ion flux intensities at different storm phases match well with independent satellite in situ measurements. It is found that: (a) Responding to a pulse jump of solar wind dynamic pressure along with a northward reversal of IMF Bz during the initial phase, H+ ion fluxes enhanced greatly on outer dipole L‐shell of 6.5–8.0 in pre‐midnight off equator. Ts‐05 model tracing and pitch angles distribution of line‐of‐sights for ENA imaging suggest these be likely attributed to nearly field‐aligned earthward plasma flow from plasma‐sheet boundary layer region. Meanwhile, the trapped ring current (RC) ion fluxes peak at L ∼ 5 in the pre‐midnight equatorial region, decreasing with increasing latitude. (b) During the storm maximum the equatorial O+ fluxes have two separated peaks. The main one appeared in dusk at L ∼ 4, while the minor one in the pre‐dawn appeared at very low L ∼ 2.75 where the flux ratio O+/(O++H+) reached 60%. (c) The O+ flux fractions over equator exhibit prominent dusk‐dawn asymmetry, reversing from dusk quadrant prevailing before the main phase to dawn ascendant during the storm maximum.
Processing Ambient Noise Data Using Phase Cross‐Correlation and Application Toward Understanding Spatiotemporal Environmental Effects
Authors: Woo H. B. , Bilek S. L. , Gochenour J. A. , Grapenthin R. , Luhmann A. J. , Martin J. B.
Published: July 2023

Typical use of ambient noise interferometry focuses on longer period (>1 s) waves for exploration of subsurface structure and other applications, while very shallow structure and some environmental seismology applications may benefit from use of shorter period (<1 s) waves. We explore the potential for short‐period ambient noise interferometry to determine shallow seismic velocity structures by comparing two methodologies, the conventional amplitude‐based cross‐correlation and linear stacking (TCC‐Lin) and a more recently developed phase cross‐correlation and time‐frequency phase‐weighted‐stacking (PCC‐PWS) method with both synthetic and real data collected in a heterogeneous karst aquifer system. Our results suggest that the PCC‐PWS method is more effective in extracting short‐period wave velocities than the TCC‐Lin method, especially when using data collected in regions containing complex shallow structures such as the karst aquifer system investigated here. In addition to the different methodologies for computing the cross correlation functions, we also examine the relative importance of signal‐to‐noise ratio and number of wavelengths propagating between station pairs to determine data/solution quality. We find that the lower number of wavelengths of 3 has the greatest impact on the network‐averaged group velocity curve. Lastly, we test the sensitivity of the number of stacks used to create the final empirical Green's function, and find that the PCC‐PWS method required about half the number of cross‐correlation functions to develop reliable velocity curves compared to the TCC‐Lin method. This is an important advantage of the PCC‐PWS method when available data collection time is limited.
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: a comprehensive review in pediatrics, adolescents, and young adults (AYA) and an update of novel therapies
Authors: Cuglievan Branko , Connors Jeremy , He Jiasen , Khazal Sajad , Yedururi Sireesha , Dai Julia , Garces Sofia , Quesada Andres E. , Roth Michael , Garcia Miriam , McCall David , Gibson Amber , Ragoonanan Dristhi , Petropoulos Demetrios , Tewari Priti , Nunez Cesar , Mahadeo Kris M. , Tasian Sarah K. , Lamble Adam J. , Pawlowska Anna , Hammond Danielle , Maiti Abhishek , Haddad Fadi G. , Senapati Jayatsu , Daver Naval , Gangat Naseema , Konopleva Marina , Meshinchi Soheil , Pemmaraju Naveen
Published: July 2023

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematologic malignancy that can involve the bone marrow, peripheral blood, skin, lymph nodes, and the central nervous system. Though more common in older adults, BPDCN has been reported across all age groups, including infants and children. The incidence of pediatric BPDCN is extremely low and little is known about the disease. Pediatric BPDCN is believed to be clinically less aggressive but often with more dissemination at presentation than adult cases. Unlike adults who almost always proceed to a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in first complete remission if transplant-eligible, the majority of children can be cured with a high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia-like regimen. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is recommended for children with high-risk disease, the definition of which continues to evolve, or those in relapse and refractory settings where outcomes continue to be dismal. Novel agents used in other hematologic malignancies and CD123 targeted agents, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cells and monoclonal/bispecific antibodies, are being brought into research and practice. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive review of presentation, diagnosis, and treatment by review of pediatric cases reported for the last 20 years, and a review of novel targeted therapies and therapies under investigation for adult and pediatric patients.
Configurable circular-polarization-dependent optoelectronic silent state for ultrahigh light ellipticity discrimination
Authors: Bu Yonghao , Ren Xiansong , Zhou Jing , Zhang Zhenhan , Deng Jie , Xu Hangyu , Xie Runzhang , Li Tianxin , Hu Weida , Guo Xia , Lu Wei , Chen Xiaoshuang
Published: July 2023

Filterless light-ellipticity-sensitive optoelectronic response generally has low discrimination, thus severely hindering the development of monolithic polarization detectors. Here, we achieve a breakthrough based on a configurable circular-polarization-dependent optoelectronic silent state created by the superposition of two photoresponses with enantiomerically opposite ellipticity dependences. The zero photocurrent and the significantly suppressed noise of the optoelectronic silent state singularly enhance the circular polarization extinction ratio (CPER) and the sensitivity to light ellipticity perturbation. The CPER of our device approaches infinity by the traditional definition. The newly established CPER taking noise into account is 3–4 orders of magnitude higher than those of ordinary integrated circular polarization detectors, and it remains high in an expanded wavelength range. The noise equivalent light ellipticity difference goes below 0.009° Hz−1/2 at modulation frequencies above 1000 Hz by a light power of 281 μW. This scheme brings a leap in developing monolithic ultracompact circular polarization detectors.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain perturbates intracellular calcium homeostasis and impairs pulmonary vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Yang Kai , Liu Shiyun , Yan Han , Lu Wenju , Shan Xiaoqian , Chen Haixia , Bao Changlei , Feng Huazhuo , Liao Jing , Liang Shuxin , Xu Lei , Tang Haiyang , Yuan Jason X.-J. , Zhong Nanshan , Wang Jian
Published: July 2023

Exposure to the spike protein or receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 significantly influences endothelial cells and induces pulmonary vascular endotheliopathy. In this study, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 humanized inbred (hACE2 Tg) mice and cultured pulmonary vascular endothelial cells were used to investigate how spike protein/S-RBD impacts pulmonary vascular endothelium. Results show that S-RBD leads to acute-to-prolonged induction of the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) via acute activation of TRPV4, and prolonged upregulation of mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 and store-operated calcium channel (SOCC) key component Orai1 in cultured human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs). In mechanism, S-RBD interacts with ACE2 to induce formation of clusters involving Orai1, Piezo1 and TRPC1, facilitate the channel activation of Piezo1 and SOCC, and lead to elevated apoptosis. These effects are blocked by Kobophenol A, which inhibits the binding between S-RBD and ACE2, or intracellular calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM. Blockade of Piezo1 and SOCC by GsMTx4 effectively protects the S-RBD-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial damage in hACE2 Tg mice via normalizing the elevated [Ca2+]i. Comparing to prototypic strain, Omicron variants (BA.5.2 and XBB) of S-RBD induces significantly less severe cell apoptosis. Transcriptomic analysis indicates that prototypic S-RBD confers more severe acute impacts than Delta or Lambda S-RBD. In summary, this study provides compelling evidence that S-RBD could induce persistent pulmonary vascular endothelial damage by binding to ACE2 and triggering [Ca2+]i through upregulation of Piezo1 and Orai1. Targeted inhibition of ACE2-Piezo1/SOCC-[Ca2+]i axis proves a powerful strategy to treat S-RBD-induced pulmonary vascular diseases.
Current status and factors of periodontal disease among Japanese high school students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Haresaku Satoru , Chishaki Akiko , Hatakeyama Junko , Yoshinaga Yasunori , Yoshizumi Junko , Yamamoto Mito , Matsuzaki Etsuko , Hamanaka Ippei , TsutsumI Takashi , Taniguchi Yusuke , Ohgi Kimiko , Yoneda Masahiro
Published: July 2023

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of periodontal disease and the factors of the disease among high school students.

Method

The participants were all students aged 15–18 years (n = 1202) at a high school in Japan. The data on oral health perceptions and behaviours were collected by a questionnaire survey. The prevalence of periodontal disease among them was investigated with the partial community periodontal index (PCPI). A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the PCPI.

Results

A total of 1069 students (88.9%) participated in this study. The prevalence of gingival bleeding, calculus, pocket depth of 4–5 mm, and pocket depth of 6 mm or more were 44.2%, 42.2%, 11.4%, and 1.6%, respectively. Approximately one-third of the students had a fear of dental treatment, and only 28.4% used dental floss. The results of logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex and school year, showed that not visiting dentists regularly, not using dental floss, brushing teeth for less than 5 min, fear of dental treatment, and drinking sports drinks frequently were positively associated with periodontal conditions.

Conclusion

This study identified a high prevalence of periodontal disease among Japanese high school students aged 15–18 years and its risk factors, such as poor oral health behaviours and fear of dental treatment.
Influence of ADT on B7-H3 expression during CRPC progression from hormone-naïve prostate cancer
Authors: Kang Ning , Xue Hui , Lin Yen-Yi , Dong Xin , Classen Adam , Wu Rebecca , Jin Yuxuan , Lin Dong , Volik Stanislav , Ong Christopher , Gleave Martin , Collins Colin , Wang Yuzhuo
Published: July 2023

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard care for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Unfortunately, although tumors respond well initially, they enter dormancy and eventually progress to fatal/incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). B7-H3 is a promising new target for PCa immunotherapy. CD276 (B7-H3) gene has a presumptive androgen receptor (AR) binding site, suggesting potential AR regulation. However, the relationship between B7-H3 and AR is controversial. Meanwhile, the expression pattern of B7-H3 following ADT and during CRPC progression is largely unknown, but critically important for identifying patients and determining the optimal timing of B7-H3 targeting immunotherapy. In this study, we performed a longitudinal study using our unique PCa patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and assessed B7-H3 expression during post-ADT disease progression. We further validated our findings at the clinical level in PCa patient samples. We found that B7-H3 expression was negatively regulated by AR during the early phase of ADT treatment, but positively associated with PCa proliferation during the remainder of disease progression. Our findings suggest its use as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and ADT treatment response, and the potential of combining ADT and B7-H3 targeting immunotherapy for hormone-naïve PCa treatment to prevent fatal CRPC relapse.
Cooperative regulation of Zhx1 and hnRNPA1 drives the cardiac progenitor-specific transcriptional activation during cardiomyocyte differentiation
Authors: Chen Yang , Wu Yukang , Li Jianguo , Chen Kai , Wang Wuchan , Ye Zihui , Feng Ke , Yang Yiwei , Xu Yanxin , Kang Jiuhong , Guo Xudong
Published: July 2023

The zinc finger proteins (ZNFs) mediated transcriptional regulation is critical for cell fate transition. However, it is still unclear how the ZNFs realize their specific regulatory roles in the stage-specific determination of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Here, we reported that the zinc fingers and homeoboxes 1 (Zhx1) protein, transiently expressed during the cell fate transition from mesoderm to cardiac progenitors, was indispensable for the proper cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Moreover, Zhx1 majorly promoted the specification of cardiac progenitors via interacting with hnRNPA1 and co-activated the transcription of a wide range of genes. In-depth mechanistic studies showed that Zhx1 was bound with hnRNPA1 by the amino acid residues (Thr111–His120) of the second Znf domain, thus participating in the formation of cardiac progenitors. Together, our study highlights the unrevealed interaction of Zhx1/hnRNPA1 for activating gene transcription during cardiac progenitor specification and also provides new evidence for the specificity of cell fate determination in cardiomyocyte differentiation.
The trigger for pancreatic disease: NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Liu Tianming , Wang Qiang , Du Zhiwei , Yin Lu , Li Jiachen , Meng Xianzhi , Xue Dongbo
Published: July 2023

NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex expressed in a variety of cells to stimulate the production of inflammatory factors. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome depends on a complex regulatory mechanism, and its pro-inflammatory function plays an important role in pancreatic diseases. In this literature review, we summarize the activation mechanism of NLRP3 and analyze its role in each of the four typical pancreatic diseases. Through this article, we provide a relatively comprehensive summary to the researchers in this field, and provide some targeted therapy routes.