bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mide Kanserinde Pozitif Lenf Nodu Oranının Prognostik Önemi
Authors: YALÇIN MÜSRİ Fatma , BİLİCİ Ahmet , KARAKURT ERYILMAZ Melek , MÜSRİ Özgür Cem , TAZEGÜL Gökhan , IŞIK Selver , KAPLAN Mehmet
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada, evre 1-3 gastrik karsinomda (GK) metastatik lenf nodlarının toplam çıkarılan lenf nodu sayısına oranının (LNO) prognostik önemini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. 2012-2019 yılları arasında opere edilen evre 1-3 GK’lı toplam 233 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Sağkalım eğrileri Kaplan-Meier yöntemi kullanılarak oluşturuldu. Medyan metastatik ve disseke lenf nodu sayısı sırasıyla 5 ve 27 idi, ortalama LNO 0.1 idi. Hastalar LNO <0.1 ve ≥0.1 olanlar olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Medyan LNO <0.1 ve ≥0.1 olan hastalarda medyan genel sağkalım 26.9 ay ve 76 ay idi (p <0.001). Tek değişkenli analizde cinsiyet, lenfovasküler invazyon (LVİ) ve perinöral invazyon (PNİ) medyan genel sağkalımda anlamlı bulundu (sırasıyla p=0.043, <0.001 ve <0.001). LNO ve LVİ, çok değişkenli analizde genel sağkalımın bağımsız prediktörleri olarak saptandı (sırasıyla p<0.01 ve 0.02). GK hastalarında artan LNO, opere edilen hastalarda azalmış genel sağkalım açısından prognostik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu nedenle, LNO, yetersiz lenf nodu diseksiyonu veya D1 diseksiyonu olan hastalarda patolojik nodal sınıflandırma yerine kullanılabilir.
A Gestão Sustentável como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento das sociedades
Authors: Silva Jacqueline da
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo científico tem como tema Gestão Sustentável, seu objetivo é analisar os aspectos positivos e negativos da sustentabilidade ambiental na Gestão pública e conceitua-las. A gestão sustentável é norteada pela ideia de harmonizar aspectos sociais, ambientais e econômicos. A mesma deve se basear na preocupação com o ambiente, com o social e com sua situação financeira. Na Gestão Pública, por exemplo, a sustentabilidade se dá na medida em que todas as decisões tomadas pelo poder público devam priorizar a manutenção dos recursos e o melhor uso dos espaços, havendo uma preocupação com regras e fiscalizações que cumpram as metas sustentáveis. Este artigo tem a intenção de mostrar o que é sustentabilidade na Gestão pública. A metodologia utilizada se deu através de pesquisas em livros, textos e artigos científicos divulgados no meio eletrônico, onde foram coletados dados e informações sobre a temática em destaque. Dentre os autores pesquisados destaco: Galvão (2015), Lima (2007), Leff (2009), Peixoto (2013), dentre outros.
Cohésion et cohérence dans le texte argumentatif pour la défense de la langue portugaise publié par José Pacheco Pereira
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: September 2020

Cet article est basé sur le domaine de la sociolinguistique interactionnelle et présente une analyse d’extraits du texte argumentatif publié par José Pacheco Pereira « O vírus que atacou a língua portuguesa ». Des fragments du texte ont été analysés pour interpréter la cohésion et la cohérence et la justification de ses arguments dans la lecture de cet article est présentée. Dans cette initiative, les résultats ont révélé l’interprétation pragmatique que le texte avait avec la pandémie COVID-19.
Сплоченность и согласованность в аргументативном тексте в защиту португальского языка, опубликованном Хосе Пачеко Перейрой
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: September 2020

Эта статья основана на области взаимодействия социолингвистистики и представляет собой анализ выдержек из аргументативного текста, опубликованного Хосе Пачеко Перейра “O vírus que atacou a língua portuguesa”. Фрагменты текста были проанализированы для интерпретации сплоченности и согласованности, а также представлено обоснование его аргументов при чтении данной статьи. В рамках этой инициативы результаты показали прагматическое толкование, которое текст имел в связи с пандемией COVID-19.
Čimbenici izvještavanja o okolišu
Authors: Krivačić Dubravka , Janković Sandra
Published: September 2020

Izvještavanjem o okolišu poslovni sustavi informiranju dionike o svojoj odgovornosti za okoliš, čime osiguravaju transparentnost poslovanja te stvaraju ugled odgovornih poslovnih partnera koji doprinose zaštiti okoliša i kvaliteti života u lokalnoj zajednici. Pretpostavka izvještavanja o okolišu je uspostava sustava zaštite okoliša te ustrojavanje računovodstva okoliša odnosno praćenja i mjerenja elemenata izvještaja o okolišu. Svrha ovog istraživanja je odrediti utjecaj određenih čimbenika na razinu, odnosno stupanj izvještavanja informacija o okolišu kod poslovnih sustava u Hrvatskoj. U skladu s prethodnim istraživanjima, odabrani su ključni čimbenici čiji se potencijalni utjecaj testira na razinu izvještavanja o okolišu kroz pet formiranih hipoteza, uz pomoć regresijskog modela. U hipotezama je kao zavisna varijabla definiran stupanj razvijenosti izvještavanja o okolišu, dok su kao nezavisne varijable, odnosno čimbenici utjecaja na zavisnu varijablu definirani: stupanj razvijenosti upravljanja okolišem, veličina, djelatnost i oblik vlasništva poslovnog sustava te posjedovanje međunarodno priznatog certifikata sustava upravljanja okolišem. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 164 poslovna sustava različitih djelatnosti. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da 45% poslovnih sustava objavljuje informacije o okolišu. Osim toga, potvrđeno je da je stupanj razvijenosti izvještavanja o okolišu pozitivno te statistički značajno povezan sa stupnjem razvijenosti upravljanja okolišem. S druge strane, nije utvrđena statistički značajna povezanost veličine poslovnog sustava, djelatnosti, oblika vlasništva te posjedovanja certifikata sustava upravljanja okolišem.
Beware the House that Feels
Authors: Starling Ashley
Published: September 2020

This essay examines Edgar Allen Poe’s “The Fall of the House of Usher,” Shirley Jackson’s TheHaunting of Hill House, and Mark Z. Danielewski’s House of Leaves, texts featuring sentienthouse hauntings. The author focuses on how the family unit in each text undergoes drasticdestruction, arguing that the breakdown of the family is the true source of horror in suchhauntings where a traditional ghost is not present.
Incursion Into Wendigo Territory
Authors: Eflin Jackson
Published: September 2020

This article explores modern urban legends that appropriate the idea of the Wendigo, a spiritfrom various Native American tribal legends. These urban legends are informed by a culturalguilt of the dispossession of Native American territories, but the victory of monster over protagonist demonstrates the futility of these attempts to comprehend histories of atrocities.
Reviewing the Critical Conversation about Django Unchained
Authors: Brount Daniel , Brown Mercadies , Slevey Alex
Published: September 2020

Django Unchained takes place in the Antebellum South and follows a freed slave on his vengeful journey to free his wife. This essay reviews the critical discussion surrounding Django Unchained in order to examine the film’s validity both historically and artistically.
The Power of Language in and Following Moments of Trauma: An Analysis of A Stolen Life
Authors: Aprill Morgan
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the memoir of Jaycee Dugard, a woman who was kidnapped as a child and kept as a sexual slave for much of her life. Her work demonstrates how language is blocked in times of trauma but also how writing is an essential tool for victims to use to sort through their experiences. This paper also looks at the ways in which her captor kept her under his control through physical and verbal threat to show how language can help keep someone imprisoned. By looking more closely at stories like Jaycee’s, people can better understand the experience of the victim and the tactics of the abuser, and people can more effectively help victims of sexual slavery and abuse.
"Man's Hatred Has Made Me So"
Authors: Hampshire Kathryn
Published: September 2020

By using artistic conventions only availablethrough cinema, The Phantom of the Opera (1925) manipulates the gaze to create a character so inhuman and unsympathetic, he transcends the position of the freak into the realm of the monster. The silent horror version of this film extends the social construct of the freak into cinema so that, while the freak shows may have been closing their doors, the legacy of the freak lived on.
A Freak Show in District 9
Authors: Carducci Jessica
Published: September 2020

In District 9, the body of the main character, Wikus van de Merwe, becomes a battleground for the competing cultures of human and alien. But while it is widely recognized that the film is a science fiction metaphor for the Apartheid, less discussed are the parallels between Wikus’s story and that of the historical freak. This essay looks at the way in which Wikus’s transformation and clashing identities make him the star of Johannesburg’s own alien freak show.
Monstrous Women: Exploring Historical Witchcraft and It's Presence in The Witch
Authors: Patterson Noah
Published: September 2020

Accusations of witchcraft in America were often death sentences for women that society considered as acting outside of the norm; however, in Robert Eggers’s film, The Witch, embodying the role of a witch becomes a powerful tool in fighting Puritanical social expectations with magic, appearance, and behavior. Through the application of monster theory, historical contextualization, and feminist theory, this essay explores the implications of portraying the film’s main villain as a grotesque hag, the meaning behind its use of gory magic, why the protagonist chooses to become a witch herself, and finally, the consequences of othering marginalized groups from society.
Predator vs. Prey: The Human Monstrosity in Attack on Titan
Authors: Griffis Emily
Published: September 2020

Predator vs. Prey: The Human Monstrosity in Attack on Titan
The Sociocultural Feminist Implications of “Rumpelstiltskin” by the Brothers Grimm
Authors: Barsic Emily , Hartman Emma , Lawhorn Alexis
Published: September 2020

For years, the well-known Brothers Grimm fairytale “Rumpelstiltskin” was analyzed through the lens of historical context. However, in this paper the fairytale is analyzed through a sociocultural and feminist lens, regarding topics such as weaving, the Industrial Revolution, and modern adaptations of the tale. Most can agree that Rumpelstiltskin is a detestable creature as he attempts to trick a woman into giving him her baby. However, this paper shows how Rumpelstiltskin is additionally monstrous because of his desire to wield power over others, which is illustrated through varying portrayals of his character, as well as his character acting as a warning for men invading the domestic sphere during the Industrial Revolution.
The Post is Female
Authors: Schillereff Megan
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the long-standing post-apocalyptic tradition of male posthuman representation throughout the timeline of the apocalyptic genre, from the time of the medieval knight up to the age of the modern superhero. As this paper argues, the gender dynamics in most posthumanfictions traditionally emphasizes male ability and female inability. Despite this, there is emerging contemporary young adult literature that is giving voice to the self-actualized—instead of the sexually awakened—female posthuman. In doing so, this young adult series explores the importance of representing the genders equally in terms of their ability to prevent apocalypse and fight to save their world.
On Fungi, Future, and Feminism
Authors: Heim Leah
Published: September 2020

This paper examines M.R. Carey’s fascinating zombie novel, The Girl with All the Gifts. While scholars question whether or not a female-oriented apocalypse narrative can exist, as thegenre is essentially rooted in imbalanced gender dynamics of ancient texts, this paper uses an ecofeminist critique to posit that the zombie apocalypse represented by Carey is a challenge toward the patriarchal values running rampant in the genre. This ecofeminist critique, while superficially offering a comforting message about female empowerment, actually offers a serious warning in regards to the insidious patriarchal structures that facilitate apocalypses.
The Evolution of Modern Zombie Comedies
Authors: Garrett Katie
Published: September 2020

Zombie comedies are a subgenre of a subgenre in the horror film industry, and their prevalence in recent film and television history is unprecedented. This essay explores the beginnings of zombie comedy movies, their evolution throughout the past decade, and the implications of this genre’s new relevance and its politics. Included is an examination of a more recent Netflix Original television show, Santa Clarita Diet.
Fyrirlestur um bókina Hávamál. La voce di Odino.
Authors: Costanzo Antonio
Published: September 2020

Ég er rosalega ánægður að fá að kynna fyrsta verk mitt: Hávamál. La Voce di Odino. Það kann ef til vill að hljóma undarlega að Ítali eins og ég skuli taka að sér að fjalla um eitt mikilvægustu rita norrænna þjóða. Ég ætla því að greina frá hvernig suðrænum manni gat dottið í hug að þýða Hávamál yfir á ítölsku.
Flavio Baroncelli, Mi manda Platone, edited by Annalisa Siri and Emilio Mazza (Genoa: il melangolo, 2009)
Authors: Baruchello Giorgio
Published: September 2020

Typically, professional philosophers no longer read philosophy books written by their colleagues; they use them. They review them. They select passages. They extract arguments. They build theories or new books upon them. They build theories or new books against them. Very rarely, and quite unexpectedly, they read them, purely and simply. As a matter of academic life, these books are not even written to be read purely and simply. On the contrary, they are written precisely for the various uses that can be expected of them within academia. Very rarely, after all, are such books not rhetorically challenged, lengthy, full of jargon, taxing, pretentious, of limited enjoyment and, at least to non-professionals, plainly boring.
S. Morra, C. Gobbo, Z. Marini, R. Sheese (eds.), Cognitive Psychology: Neo-Piagetian Perspectives (New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2008).
Authors: Sveinbjörnsdóttir Sigrún
Published: September 2020

It was with great enthusiasm that I read this comprehensive textbook comprising analysis and comparisons of concepts across theories of four decades of neo-piagetian research and perspectives. This book, which is a joint effort of Italian and Canadian authors and scientists, is the first of its kind, taking the reader through a myriad of cognitive developmental theories where the light is cast on information processing and the capacity of human working memory as it gradually develops from infancy on. For an experienced developmental psychologist – implementing intelligence testing as contemporary custom prescribes, as well as teaching undergraduate students – most of whom are becoming teachers and psychologists – the contents of developmental psychology, this analysis on cognitive growth of the human mind, and a comprehensive overview of neo-piagetian research is bound to fall into fertile soil.
Effect of Nacl on Germination and Seedling Growth of Some Cotton Genotypes
Authors: Mondal Kamelia , Ray Joyanti , Ali Md Yasin
Published: September 2020

Salinity is an emerging problem among the abiotic stresses of plants in Bangladesh. One easy way to cope with the problem of salinity is to exploit the genetic potential of plants for their adaptability to adverse soil conditions. Salt tolerance improvement might be achieved through selection from already existing germplasm which can be done by quick method particularly in early growth stages of crops. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the effect of salinity on germination and the seedling growth of five cotton genotypes. Two factors include genotypes (CB-9, CB-10, CB-12, CB-14 and CB-15) and salt solution of different concentrations (control -0 dS m-1, 4 dS m-1, 8 dS m-1, 12 dS m-1 and 16 dS m-1) were used. Relative to control treatment, germination energy and germination capacity at 16 dS m-1 was maximum in CB-12 (0.72 and 0.77 respectively) whereas germination percentage (0.99) was maximum in CB-9 and the relative value of all the above parameters was minimum in CB-15 (0.02, 0.13, 0.41 and 0.09, respectively). In case of seedling growth parameters, shoot length, seedling vigor index and dry weight at 16 dS m-1 were maximum in CB-9 (0.67, 0.64 and 0.77 respectively) relative to control whereas the relative value of all those parameters was minimum in CB-15 (0.5, 0.17, 0.31 and 0.59 respectively). Considering all germination and seedling growth parameters, CB-9 was supposed to be superior genotype followed by CB-12, CB-10 and CB-14 whereas genotype CB-15 was more susceptible than other genotypes against salinity stress.

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 199-207,  August 2020
A Comparison of Freezing Methods and Diluents Types on Post-Thaw Sperm Quality of Ram Sperm
Authors: Jha Pankaj Kumar , Alam M Golam Shahi , Bari Farida Yeasmin
Published: September 2020

The effect of freezing methods and diluents types on post-thaw sperm quality of Bangladeshi ram semen was studied. Two freezing methods and three diluents was tested as pooling effects (freezing methods or diluents) on post-thaw sperm parameters; sperm motility (SM), viability (SV), plasma membrane integrity (SPMI) and acrosome integrity (SAI), respectively. From selected ten rams, eight ejaculates were used for each freezing group (freezing methods × diluents). Semen samples were diluted by using two-steps for hand-made tris-based diluents (20% egg yolk): D1 (7% glycerol) and D2 (5% glycerol), and one-step dilution for commercial diluents: D3 (Triladyl®) at 35°C. After 4h of equilibration of temperature at 5°C, diluted semen samples was aspirated into 0.25 mL straws, and sealed. Straws were frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapour using two methods: F1 (manually in Styrofoam box, using three-steps method; +5°C to -80°C at -11.33°C/min, -80°C to -120°C at -26.66°C/min, and -120°C to -140°C at - 13.33°C/min) and F2 (programmable bio-freezer, using two-steps method; +5°C to -100°C at - 20°C/min and -100°C to -140°C at -10°C/min). Two semen straws from each batch were evaluated (37°C for 20 sec) for sperm parameters. In pool effects between freezing methods; SAI differed significantly (P < 0.001). The SM (56%) and SV (72%) were observed competitive. However, SPMI (67.58 ± 2.02%) and SAI (76.13 ± 1.42%) were higher in F1. Among diluents, SM (P < 0.006), SV (P < 0.008), SPMI (P < 0.012) and SAI (P < 0.019) differed significantly. The SM (61.25 ± 1.80%), SV (77.13 ± 1.47%), SPMI (68.31 ± 1.91%) and SAI (74.75 ± 1.64%) were highest in D3. In conclusion, the combination of manual freezing (three-steps) and handmade tris-based diluents (20% egg yolk, 5% glycerol) is suitable and sustainable method for cryopreservation of ram semen.

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 235-241,  August 2020
Comparative Study of Quality Aspects and Shelf Life of Salted and Unsalted Smoked Products From Spotted Snakehead (Channa Punctatus) at Various Storage Conditions
Authors: Bormon Anjoly , Chakraborty Subhash Chandra , Mansur Md Abul , Jahan Mst Prianka
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to prepare and evaluate the quality and shelf life ofsmoked spotted snakehead, taki (Channapunctatus) stored at ambient temperature(30-35ºC) and refrigeration temperature (4ºC) after treating with no salt (T1) and 20%salt (T2). Sensory assessment, initial and final proximate analysis, TVB-N value andmicrobial analysis (SPC) were carried out for the smoked products stored for differentstorage periods. According to sensory assessment, smoked taki remained inacceptable condition for 4 and 6 days in T1 and T2, respectively while stored atambient temperature. However, at refrigeration temperature, smoked taki remained inacceptable condition for 59 and 74 days in T1 and T2, respectively. Biochemicalassessment of smoked product showed that protein, lipid and ash content increaseddue to significant loss of moisture during smoking of fish. No appreciable changes inproximate composition were observed for any of the two storage conditions. Valuesof TVB-N content of T1 showed rapid increase in comparison to T2 during storage.Microbial load (SPC) of smoked fish decreased due to the smoking processcompared to the initial microbial load of fresh fishes but increased with the increaseof storage period. Considering all the quality parameters it was found that smokedfish in treatment T2 maintained its excellent quality and longer shelf-life in bothstorage conditions than treatment T1.

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 303-310,  August 2020
Illocutionary and Perlocutionary Acts on Youtube Videos Employed by Niana Guerrero
Authors: Chairani Muthiara , Sofyan Dedi , Hardiah Mei
Published: September 2020

This research is aimed at finding the illocutionary act types performed by Niana Guerrero in her YouTube videos and the perlocutionary effects performed by the hearers in Niana Guerrero’s YouTube videos. This research employed a qualitative descriptive research. The subjects of this research were two of the most viewed videos uploaded from May 2019-August 2019. After listing, selecting, and collecting the videos, the videos were watched several times to ease the researcher in transcribing them. In analyzing the data, the researcher only took the interactional conversations which enabled Niana to deliver her intentions to the hearers directly and enabled the hearers to fulfill Niana’s intentions directly as well. The illocutionary act data performed by Niana Guerrero were classified using an instrument following Searle’s theory and the perlocutionary effect data performed by the hearers were classified using an instrument following Gu’s theory. The first finding showed four illocutionary act types performed by Niana Guerrero namely representative, directive, commisive, and expressive. The second finding showed all of the six perlocutionary effect types performed by the hearers namely motor reflexive response, emotive response, cognitive response, negative response, verbal response, and physical response. By performing four types of illocutionary acts, Niana Guerrero may have various ways to express her intentions to the hearers. Meanwhile, the hearers may have various ways to fulfill Niana Guerrero’s intention by performing six types of perlocutionary effects. These speech acts create the communicative effects that cause Niana Guerrero having many subscribers and viewers in her YouTube channel by establishing highly interactive, joyful, and interesting situation.
Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 sebagai Faktor Predisposisi dan Komorbid Tuberkulosis Multi Drug Resisten Primer
Authors: Ulfahimayati Ulfahimayati , Medison Irvan , Mizarti Dessy
Published: September 2020

Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) merupakan masalah kesehatan di Dunia saat ini. Indonesia termasuk 27 negara dengan high burden MDR TB di dunia, diperkirakan 6800 kasus baru per tahun, 2,8% merupakan kasus baru dan 16% pernah mendapatkan obat anti tuberculosis (OAT) sebelumnya. MDR TB primer terjadi pada pasien yang sebelumnya tidak pernah mendapat pengobatan OAT. Diabetes mellitus merupakan faktor predisposisi dan komorbid yang dapat mempercepat terjadinya penyakit TB dan mempersulit pengobatannya. Tujuan laporan kasus ini untuk melaporkan kasus MDR TB primer pada pasien dengan DM type 2. Kasus pasien laki-laki 58 tahuh dengan gejala batuk produktif dengan sputum kekuningan sejak 2 bulan, keringat malam dan penurunan berat badan. Hasil tes cepat molekuler menunjukkan MTB detected medium dan rifampicin resistant detected. Rontgen toraks infiltrate dan cavitas di apex paru. Pasien denga DM type-2 tidak terkontrol selama 12 tahun dengan HbA1c 10,5 %. Kami menyimpulkan bahwa DM merupakan salah satu konkommitant faktor predisposisi dan komorbid MDR TB primer. Pada pasien dengan DM perlu dilakukan skrining TB dan sebaliknya pasien TB juga perlu dilakukan skrining DM. Terapi MDR TB dengan DM sesuai dengan paduan standar nasional terapi MDR TB dan  menjaga kadar gula darah tetap terkontrol.
A Study of Agriculture Marketing with Special Reference to Green Chillies in Palghar District
Authors: More Upendra
Published: September 2020

The Research paper is going to analyse the agriculture marketing concepts which are considered important for marketing of agriculture produce in India. Marketing of agro produce has change over a period of time. It is no longer a farm output which is only consumed in the specific geographies or district or a state but it has cross the boundaries of the state and ventured in to the other parts of the country. The product can also be sold directly in the local markets or through different distribution channels across the state. The three functions which have to be undertaken before it reaches the consumer are Cleaning, Grading, Packaging and made ready for transportation to various agents at APMC markets with the help of co-operative societies. Chillies are not stored in the raw form when it is plucked from the fields. So marketing becomes essential as the product shelf life is short before it goes for consumption. Hence, distribution plays a vital role in the marketing of chillies.
Workforce Diversity: Boon or Bane to the Organisation
Authors: Hasan Aiman
Published: September 2020

Workforce diversity is a critical area of competence for any organisation. It is an important asset for every organisation that seeks competitive advantage in the global economy. With the change in needs at the fast pace, the association among the people from varied culture, background, beliefs etc. has increased substantially. Wambui et.al. state that HRM practices need to promote diversity for business to grow effectively. The paper discusses the various benefits of a having a diverse workforce along with the challenges linked to it (post #me too movement also). The study of various literature and research papers and books has been done which reveals that diversity is all about differences. The manner in which we analyse and use these differences will determine whether diversity is an asset or liability to the individual and the organization. Workforce diversity can prove to be a strong pillar to the organisation if managed appropriately. There is need to lead a diverse workforce that can give diverse benefits to the organisation.
Following the Norms or Following the Crowd?
Authors: Murakami Go , Nishizawa Yoshitaka
Published: September 2020

We investigated the role of information about social norms in shaping people's policy preferences concerning the current hate speech situation in Japan. More specifically, using a web-survey experiment, we tested whether two types of information, bandwagon message and anti-discrimination message, would influence the respondents' attitudes towards government regulation against hate speech. Our analysis shows that the bandwagon message slightly changed some individuals’ responses to hate speech regulation and made them conform to the majority opinion. To be more precise, those who are predisposed to give socially desirable answers were more influenced by the bandwagon information. The anti-discrimination message also slightly changed the individuals’ responses but in the opposite direction.
Jämförelser med djurvärlden kan ge stereotyp bild av kön i skolan
Authors: Bossér Ulrika
Published: September 2020

Det kan finnas problem med att utgå från djurvärlden för att undervisa om människans sexualitet. En ny studie har undersökt hur föreställningar om manligt och kvinnligt kan komma till uttryck i naturkunskapsundervisningen. Bilden som förmedlas är att sexualitet handlar om reproduktion och att manligt och kvinnligt är varandras motsatser.
In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Acalypha Indica Leaves Extracts
Authors: Mutiarawati Diah Titik
Published: September 2020

Anting-anting leaves (Acalypha indica L) is one of the wild plants (weeds) that are often used by the community to treat helminthic diseases such as ascariasis, containing several potentially anthelmintic compounds, namely saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving Anting-anting leaf extract (Acalypha indica L) as an anthelmintic to the time of death of pork roundworms (Ascaris suum Goeze). The method in this study was pre-experimental with a post test only group design. The subjects of the study were Ascaris suum. The study was conducted at the Parasitology Laboratory of the Surabaya Polytechnic Health Medical Laboratory Technologist Department in December-May 2018. This study used 5 treatment groups, 0.9% NaCl as negative control and 0.25% pirantel pamoate as positive control and 60%, 80% and 100%. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, then the Kruskal-Wallis test was then continued using a Post-Hoc test to determine the difference in anthelmintic power of ear leaf extract of each concentration with positive control over the time of worm death. The average time of Ascaris suum worm death at a concentration of a concentration of 60% for 228.5 minutes, a concentration of 80% for 174 minutes, and a concentration of 100% for 92 minutes. So it can be concluded that the leaf extract of Acalypha L has an anthelmintic effect on the Ascaris suum worm.

Keywords: anthelmintic; Ascaris suum; anting-anting leaf
Effects of Classical Music, Natural and Murottal Music on Fetal Well-Being
Authors: Sumaningsih Rahayu ` , Rahayu Teta Puji , Santosa Budi Joko
Published: September 2020

Music affects to human psychology, provides a sense of security, comfort and fun. Classical, natural and murottal music has a tone, rhythm, speed, gentle meter capable of stimulating alpha waves, calmness, and relaxation, beneficial to the well-being of the fetus. The purpose of this study is to describe classical, natural and murotal music on fetal well-being. This Quasi-Experiment Research with pretest-posttest design. A sample of 40 individuals was divided into 4 groups of mothers. The independent variable is classical music, natural, murotal and without music. The dependent variable is fetal well-being. The mean values before and after the intervention naturally were calculated. The results of fetal well-being based on the fetal heart rate of the classical music group before treatment there were 10% of fetuses experiencing mild aspysia after treatment of the fetus experiencing 0% aspysia. Natural and Murottal Music Group before and after treatment 100% normal fetal heart rate, group without music, before and after treatment 50% of fetuses experience Mild Aspysia. Fetal wellbeing results are based on Apgar Score, the Classical Music group after listening to classical music 10% experienced mild Aspysia. Natural Music Group and Murottal after listening to natural music and murottal 100% of babies under normal circumstances. The group without music after birth 50% of babies experience mild Aspysia. Conclusion, classical music overcomes mild asphyxia based on fetal heart rate, natural and murrotal music effectively maintains fetal well-being until birth.

Keywords: classical music; natural music; murottal; fetal well-being
Impacto de Eventos Innovadores para la Dinamización del Turismo
Authors: Wright Garzón María Rosa , Montesdeoca Carrasco María Fernanda
Published: September 2020

Existen diversos motivos que generan brechas y debilidad en la competitividad del país turísticamente y en la explotación de atractivos naturales, culturales y sociales. Estos son: la ineficiente explotación de productos y servicios a escala internacional; no ver al turismo como una fuente de ingresos para la economía, la poca promoción, estrategias de bajo impacto, falta de calidad e innovación. Bajo este precepto la presente investigación tiene el objetivo de analizar el impacto de los eventos innovadores como medio para dinamizar el sector turístico en una nación, considerando que la explotación turística genera un desarrollo económico sostenible sin el perjuicio del desgaste de los recursos naturales, para lo cual se aplicó la metodología cualitativa de revisión literaria de fuentes secundarias de alto impacto, lo que garantiza la calidad de la información consultada y analizada, donde se pudo concluir que en el marco de este tipo de turismo se generan nuevas propuestas con contenidos culturales innovadores y sofisticados, donde la creación de eventos turísticos innovadores acrecentará la dinamización de destinos por medio de sus visitantes y el desarrollo económico a nivel país.
The Two-Point Boundary-Value Problem for Rocket Trajectories
Authors: M. B. C. Campos Luís , Gil Paulo J. S.
Published: September 2020

The two dimensional gravity turn problem is addressed allowing for the effects of variable rocket mass due to propellant consumption, thrust and thrust vector angle, lift and drag forces at an angle-of-attack and atmospheric mass density varying with altitude; Coriolis and centrifugal forces are neglected. Three distinct analytical solutions are obtained for constant: propellant flow rate, thrust, thrust vector angle, angle-of-attack and acceleration of gravity; the lift and drag are assumed to be proportional to the square of velocity, and the mass density is assumed to decrease exponentially with altitude. The method III uses power series of time for the horizontal (downrange) and vertical (altitude) coordinates; the method II replaces the altitude as variable by the atmospheric mass density and method I by its inverse. Thus the three solutions have distinct properties, e.g., I and III converge best close to lift-off and II close to burn-out. The three solutions: I, II, III, can be applied in isolation (or matched in combination) to the single-point boundary-value problem (SPBVP) of finding the trajectory with given initial conditions at launch. They can also be used as pairs in six distinct ways (I + II, I + III, II + III or reverse orders) to solve the two-point boundary-value problem (TPBVP), viz.: from given conditions at launch achieve one (not more) specified condition at burn-out, e.g., ã desired horizontal velocity for payload release. Each of the six distinct combinations of methods of addressing the TPBVP shares three features: (i) it can determine if there is a solution, viz. if the rocket has enough performance to reach the desired burn-out condition; (ii) if the desired burn-out condition is achievable it can calculate the complete trajectory from launch to burn-out; (iii) it can determine the range of achievable burn-out conditions, e.g., the minimum and maximum possible horizontal velocity at burn-out for given initial conditions at launch.
The Phytotoxicity of Microencapsulated Peppermint Oil on Maize (Zea mays L.) Depending on the Type of Growth Substrate and Maize Cultivar
Authors: Synowiec Agnieszka , Bocianowski Jan , Krajewska Agnieszka
Published: September 2020

Microencapsulated peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) essential oil (MPEO) is a prospective botanical herbicide. A hypothesis was formulated that the type of growth substrate (vermiculite, silty clay loam or sandy loam soil) and the cultivar affect the phytotoxic potential of MPEO on maize (Zea mays L.). The pot experiments assessed the effect of varying doses of MPEO or maltodextrin, a carrier of microcapsules, mixed with the growth substrates, on maize’s emergence and early growth. The morphological analyses were supported by the measurements of total phenolics in the second leaf and roots. The MPEO revealed phytotoxic effects on maize in all of the growth substrates already at a low dose (36.0 g m−2), displayed by the delays of maize emergence, reduced growth, and biomass accumulation. Maltodextrin also caused significant reductions in biomass of maize roots. In conclusion, maize is susceptible to substrate-applied MPEO, the type of substrate and the cultivar of maize, can modify this effect to a limited extent.
Defining Optimal Strength of the Nutrient Solution for Soilless Cultivation of Saffron in the Mediterranean
Authors: Salas María del Carmen , Montero José Luis , Diaz José Gregorio , Berti Francesca , Quintero María F. , Guzmán Miguel , Orsini Francesco
Published: September 2020

Saffron is traditionally cultivated in soil as a semi-perennial crop, although the feasibility of crop production is today constrained in Europe due to both agronomic and socioeconomic factors. Accordingly, interest has been increasing concerning its possible cultivation within protected environments through adoption of soilless cultivation technologies. The aim of the present study was to optimize nutrient solution features in the soilless cultivation of saffron corms. The trial was conducted in a greenhouse at Almeria University. Saffron was grown in 15-L pots filled with perlite. Three fertigation treatments were used, obtained by a linear increase of all nutrients of one standard in order to reach an electrical conductivity (EC) of 2.0 (control, EC2.0), 2.5 (EC2.5) and 3.0 (EC3.0) dS·m−1. Measurements included determinations of shoot length, corm yield, as well as nutrient uptake from the nutrient solution and concentrations within plant tissues. The nutrient solution with the highest EC (EC3.0) allowed obtaining three to five times more corms above 25-mm diameter. The increasing EC had a significant effect on the increase of macronutrient uptake, except for NO3− and NH4+ and resulted in a general increase of nutrient concentrations in tissues, such as corms and roots. Both macronutrient uptake and accumulation in plant tissues were highest under EC3.0. Nutrient uptake was significantly correlated with production of larger corms due to higher horizontal diameter.
Bacillus velezensis PEA1 Inhibits Fusarium oxysporum Growth and Induces Systemic Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus
Authors: Abdelkhalek Ahmed , Behiry Said I. , Al-Askar Abdulaziz A.
Published: September 2020

Bacillus velezensis manifests robust biocontrol activity against fungal plant pathogens; however, its antiviral activity has rarely been investigated. Bacillus velezensis strain PEA1 was isolated, characterized, and evaluated for antifungal and antiviral activities against Fusarium oxysporum MT270445 and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) MN594112. Our findings proved that strain PEA1 had intense antagonist activity against F.oxysporum. Under greenhouse conditions, the antiviral activities (protective, curative, and inactivation) of PEA1-culture filtrate (CF) on Datura stramonium plants were assayed, using a half-leaf method. The inactivation treatment exhibited the highest inhibition rate (97.56%) and the most considerable reduction of CMV-CP accumulation levels (2.1-fold) in PEA1-CF-treated plants when compared with untreated plants (26.9-fold). Furthermore, PEA1-CF induced systemic resistance with significantly elevated transcriptional levels of PAL, CHS, HQT, PR-1, and POD genes in D. stramonium leaves after all treatments. Gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry analysis showed that pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione is the main compound in the PEA1-CF ethyl acetate extract, which may act as an elicitor molecule that induces plant systemic resistance and inhibits both fungal growth and viral replication. Consequently, B. velezensis can be considered as a potential source for the production of bioactive compounds for the management of plant diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the antiviral activity of B. velezensis against plant viral infection.
CircRNA-1926 Promotes the Differentiation of Goat SHF Stem Cells into Hair Follicle Lineage by miR-148a/b-3p/CDK19 Axis
Authors: Yin Rong H. , Zhao Su J. , Jiao Qian , Wang Ze Y. , Bai Man , Fan Yi X. , Zhu Yu B. , Bai Wen L.
Published: September 2020

Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs, which contain a covalently closed loop structure without 5′ to 3′ free ends. CircRNAs play essential roles in the regeneration of secondary hair follicle (SHF) and cashmere growth in goats. CircRNA-1926 was previously identified in SHF of cashmere goats, but its potential roles are unclear. In this study, we confirmed the expression of circRNA-1926 in SHF bulge of nine cashmere goats with a significantly higher level at anagen than that of telogen. Through the use of both overexpression and siRNA interference, we showed that circRNA-1926 promoted the differentiation of SHF stem cell into hair follicle lineage in cashmere goats which was evaluated via indictor genes Keratin 7 and Keratin 17. Using RNA pull-down, we found that circRNA-1926 bound with miR-148a/b-3p. Additionally, our data indicated that circRNA-1926 promoted the expression of the CDK19 gene. Using dual-luciferase reporter assays, it was revealed that circRNA-1926 positively regulated the CDK19 expression through miR-148a/b-3p. The results from this study demonstrated that circRNA-1926 contributes the differentiation of SHF stem cells into hair follicle lineages in cashmere goats via sponging miR-148a/b-3p to enhance CDK19 expression.
Remote Controlled Nociceptive Threshold Testing Systems in Large Animals
Authors: Taylor Polly
Published: September 2020

Nociceptive threshold (NT) testing is widely used for the study of pain and its alleviation. The end point is a normal behavioural response, which may be affected by restraint or unfamiliar surroundings, leading to erroneous data. Remotely controlled thermal and mechanical NT testing systems were developed to allow free movement during testing and were evaluated in cats, dogs, sheep, horses and camels. Thermal threshold (TT) testing incorporated a heater and temperature sensor held against the animal’s shaved skin. Mechanical threshold (MT) testing incorporated a pneumatic actuator attached to a limb containing a 1–2 mm radiused pin pushed against the skin. Both stimuli were driven from battery powered control units attached on the animal’s back, controlled remotely via infra-red radiation from a handheld component. Threshold reading was held automatically and displayed digitally on the unit. The system was failsafe with a safety cut-out at a preset temperature or force as appropriate. The animals accepted the equipment and behaved normally in their home environment, enabling recording of reproducible TT (38.5–49.8 °C) and MT (2.7–10.1 N); precise values depended on the species, the individual and the stimulus characteristics. Remote controlled NT threshold testing appears to be a viable refinement for pain research.
Effect of Sex and Age on Nutritional Content in Wild Axis Deer (Axis axis Erx.) Meat
Authors: Kelava Ugarković Nikolina , Konjačić Miljenko , Prpić Zvonimir , Tomljanović Kristijan , Ugarković Damir
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of sex and age on proximate chemical, fatty acid, amino acid and mineral content of axis deer (Axis axis Erx.) meat. Sixteen (n = 16) animals were hunt-harvested and assigned to groups according sex and age (sub-adult and adult). All analyses were made on m. longissimus thoracis sampled between the 9th and 13th ribs. Minor differences in nutritional composition of axis deer meat were found between analysed sex and age groups. Axis deer meat has a high protein (22.8%) and low fat (1.39%) content. Saturated fatty acids accounted for 44.97% and polyunsaturated for 29.66% of the total fatty acids. Ratios of fatty acids were within the recommended values. Glutamic and aspartic acid were the most abundant non-essential, and lysine and leucine the most common essential amino acids. The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids was <1. Potassium and phosphorous were the dominant macro-minerals, while iron and zinc were the dominant micro-minerals. The results of this study show that regardless of sex or age, axis deer meat can be considered a good source of basic macro- and micro-nutrients, and can be recommended as a substitute for red meat from domestic animals.
Monitoring and Characteristics of Major Mastitis Pathogens from Bulk Tank Milk in Korea
Authors: Yun Mun-Jo , Yoon Sunghyun , Lee Young Ju
Published: September 2020

In many countries, bulk tank milk (BTM) has been used for examining milk and analyzed as an important part of milk quality assurance programs. The objectives of this study were to investigate milk quality and the presence of major mastitis pathogens in BTM, and to compare the characteristics of BTM by dairy factory or company. A total of 1588 batches of BTM samples were collected from 396 dairy farms of seven dairy factories owned by four companies in Korea. The means of individual bacterial counts (IBC) and somatic cell count (SCC) were 3.7 × 104 cells/mL and 1.1 × 105 cells/mL, respectively, and no significant differences among dairy factories were observed. The most common pathogen was Staphylococcus spp. (60.1%), followed by E. faecalis (53.8%), E. coli (37.6%) and Streptococcus spp. (22.5%). Enterococcus spp. showed the highest resistance to tetracyclines (51.1% to 73.9%) and macrolides (46.5%). S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) showed the highest resistance to penicillin (28.4% and 40.2%, respectively), and three (3.2%) S. aureus and seven (3.3%) CNS were also methicillin-resistant. These data show the diverse prevalence and characteristics of major mastitis pathogens among factories, and support the development of strong monitoring and prevention programs of mastitis pathogens by commercial dairy operations.
Synergy of the Bacteriocin AS-48 and Antibiotics against Uropathogenic Enterococci
Authors: Montalbán-López Manuel , Cebrián Rubén , Galera Rosa , Mingorance Lidia , Martín-Platero Antonio M. , Valdivia Eva , Martínez-Bueno Manuel , Maqueda Mercedes
Published: September 2020

The genus Enterococcus comprises a ubiquitous group of Gram-positive bacteria that can cause diverse health care-associated infections. Their genome plasticity enables easy acquisition of virulence factors as well as antibiotic resistances. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated UTIs are common diseases caused by enterococci. In this study, Enterococcus strains isolated from UTIs were characterized, showing that the majority were E. faecalis and contained several virulence factors associated to a better colonization of the urinary tract. Their susceptibility against the bacteriocin AS-48 and several antibiotics was tested. AS-48 is a potent circular bacteriocin that causes bacterial death by pore formation in the cell membrane. The interest of this bacteriocin is based on the potent inhibitory activity, the high stability against environmental conditions, and the low toxicity. AS-48 was active at concentrations below 10 mg/L even against antibiotic-resistant strains, whereas these strains showed resistance to, at least, seven of the 20 antibiotics tested. Moreover, the effect of AS-48 combined with antibiotics commonly used to treat UTIs was largely synergistic (with up to 100-fold MIC reduction) and only occasionally additive. These data suggest AS-48 as a potential novel drug to deal with or prevent enterococcal infections.
Investigation of Plasmid DNA Delivery and Cell Viability Dynamics for Optimal Cell Electrotransfection In Vitro
Authors: Chopra Sonam , Ruzgys Paulius , Maciulevičius Martynas , Jakutavičiūtė Milda , Šatkauskas Saulius
Published: September 2020

Electroporation is an effective method for delivering plasmid DNA molecules into cells. The efficiency of gene electrotransfer depends on several factors. To achieve high transfection efficiency while maintaining cell viability is a tedious task in electroporation. Here, we present a combined study in which the dynamics of both evaluation types of transfection efficiency and the cell viability were evaluated in dependence of plasmid concentration as well as at the different number of high voltage (HV) electric pulses. The results of this study reveal a quantitative sigmoidal (R2 > 0.95) dependence of the transfection efficiency and cell viability on the distance between the cell membrane and the nearest plasmid. We propose this distance value as a new, more accurate output parameter that could be used in further optimization studies as a predictor and a measure of electrotransfection efficiency.
Special Issue on “Environmental Applications of Biochar”
Authors: Paz-Ferreiro Jorge , Méndez Ana-Maria , Gascó Gabriel , Figueiredo Cícero Célio de
Published: September 2020

Biochar is a carbon-rich solid obtained from the pyrolysis of organic feedstock under limited oxygen and at relatively low temperatures [...]