bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypothesis of Linguistic Relativity and Cross-cultural Communication
Authors: Павленко  , Pavlenko D.
Published: January 2017

The article addresses cross-cultural communication from the standpoint of the theory of linguistic relativity. The author gives a historical survey of the emergence and development of approaches considering the correlation between language and thinking and goes on to analyze the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Guided by the idea that language is an open system, and hence possesses a number of creative and compensatory functions, the author concludes that it is possible to work out an effective transformation mechanism which will enable the student to use authentic language models and provide cross-cultural communication.
“Hate Speech” in Secular and Religious Communities
Authors: Хроменков  , Khromenkov Pavel , Максименко  , Maksimenko O.
Published: January 2017

The article is devoted to the analysis of hate speech verbal components in publications of “Bezbozhnik” at the beginning of the XX th century and in modern mass-media. Verbal and iconic components of the publications (caricatures) are considered. Generalizing the hate speech of antireligious texts and caricatures it is possible to ascertain that its expressiveness and the figurativeness are easily translated in the conflict concepts.
Conflict management: importance and implications
Authors: McKibben Laurie
Published: January 2017

Conflict is a consistent and unavoidable issue within healthcare teams. Despite training of nurse leaders and managers around areas of conflict resolution, the problem of staff relations, stress, sickness and retention remain. Conflict arises from issues with interpersonal relationships, change and poor leadership. New members of staff entering an already established healthcare team should be supported and integrated, to encourage mutual role respect between all team members and establish positive working relationships, in order to maximise patient care. This paper explores the concept of conflict, the importance of addressing causes of conflict, effective management, and the relevance of positive approaches to conflict resolution. Good leadership, nurturing positive team dynamics and communication, encourages shared problem solving and acceptance of change. Furthermore mutual respect fosters a more positive working environment for those in healthcare teams. As conflict has direct implications for patients, positive resolution is essential, to promote safe and effective delivery of care, whilst encouraging therapeutic relationships between colleagues and managers.
From staff nurse to nurse consultant
Authors: Fowler John
Published: January 2017

John Fowler, independent education consultant, continues to explore the importance of leadership for clinically based nurses
Wanted urgently: Around 6,800 more exam markers
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: January 2017

As qualification reform brings longer, more complex and terminal examinations, there are warnings that more examiners are needed
Is There a Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall? Theory, Evidence and an Adequate Model
Authors: Bin Yu
Published: January 2017

The Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall, put forward by Marx in Capital Vol.3, is a theoretical summary of the social reality of capitalist society. However, this law is still controversial and some scholars have criticized Marx for it, including Japanese scholar Okishio Nobuo in his Okishio Theorem, although these criticisms are theoretically untenable. In this article, after commenting on the relevant arguments, we show that the rate of profit inevitably falls and develop a model to illustrate this. We find Marx's claim that the falling rate of profit, followed by the higher organic composition of capital, is justified even under the circumstance that the rate of surplus value rises and new fixed capital reduces.
Theoretical study of the interaction between vanadium oxide and HY-Zeolite elucidating loss activity of the catalyst
Authors: Zaragoza Irineo Pedro , Arroyo Maricela , Arista Benjamín Vargas
Published: January 2017

The study of the interaction between vanadium oxide and the HY-zeolite using molecular dynamics interaction was carried out for two systems: i) when vanadium oxide penetrates a zeolite ring at its center, and ii) when vanadium oxide impacts the zeolite surface model. The dynamical effects are used to investigate the reduced activity and eventual degradation of the catalyst for the vanadium oxide presence. In the first case, we observe the breaking of an OH-bond that belongs to the acid site. This is related to an initial loss activity stage of the catalyst. In the second case, vanadium oxide is weakly adsorbed onto the zeolite surface velocity depending. Density functional theory, with nonlocal exchange and correlation functional and the basis set of double numerical accuracy, is used to analyze the electronic structure. It was used in combination with Born-Oppenheimer dynamics to perform calculations.
Irrigation groundwater quality based on hydrochemical analysis of Nandgaon block, Nashik district in Maharashtra
Authors: Aher Kailash , Gaikwad Sharad
Published: January 2017

To identify the sources and quality of groundwater, the water samples were collected from 52 dug wells irrigation water in an area of 1089.82km2 and were analyses for pH, Conductivity, total dissolved solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, potassium, total hardness, Alkalinity (CO32âˆ’, HCO3âˆ’), sulphate, chloride, nitrate and fluoride to understand the (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI, The Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelleyâ€™s ratio (KR), Sodium soluble percent (SSP), Permeability index (PI),Magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR),and CRIÂ Â Â Â Â  Â (Corrosively ratio index) were calculated from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (88%+12%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. But due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.
Factors associated with the delay in seeking first antenatal care service among pregnant women at Katutura state hospital, Khomas region
Authors: Maano Nghitanwa Emma , Tuwilika. N. Shanyengange
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with the delay in seeking first antenatal care (ANC) service among pregnant women at Katutura state hospital, Khomas region. A qualitative, explorative and descriptive design was used to gain the data from pregnant women started first antenatal care later than twelve weeks of gestation.Data was collected through in-depth interview among pregnant women during their first visit at Katutura state hospital antenatal clinic, Khomas region. The data analysis was done in line with thematic analysis and themes and sub-themes were identified.The study findings concluded that most pregnant women attend their first ANC later than twelve weeks gestation because of work commitment, long distance to health facilities, and lack of knowledge about the important of starting ANC in first trimester of pregnancy.The study recommends the establishment and implementation of a community based health education programs about the antenatal care services in order to create awareness and knowledge in the community about the importance of starting antenatal care services during the first trimester of pregnancy.
From Ottoman colonial rule to nation statehood: Schooling and national identity in the early Greek school
Authors: Zervas Theodore G.
Published: January 2017

After Ottoman colonial rule, education in Greece became an important institution for the ideological construction of a Greek national identity. This paper looks at schooling in Greece just prior to the Greek Revolution and immediately after Greek Independence, and how the Greek national school system assisted in the construction of a Greek national identity. This paper is divided into several sections. The introductory section discusses how a newly independent Greek nation-state struggled to unite the Greek people under a collective national identity. While most people at the time identified with their families, communities, and Greek Orthodox Christian religion, after Greek independence people began to see themselves as members of a broader Greek nation. The section that follows provides a discussion of Greek education during Ottoman colonial rule, and how a type of Greek identity (centered around the Greek Orthodox Christian faith) was maintained through the Greek Orthodox mileu. The Greek Church ran schools, and taught Greek children how to read and write, as well as the virtues of the Orthodox Christian faith. Section three of the article looks at Greek education during the early years of the Greek nation-state. In this section the general contours of the Greek educational system are delineated. The section also discusses how the organization of the Greek national school system was borrowed from extant school models found in Western Europe. Section four describes the Greek national curriculum and how the national curriculum would help to teach future generations of Greek citizens what it meant to be Greek. This is further reinforced in the Greek school textbook, which is part of the discussion in section five. Section five concludes with the role of education and its implications in uniting nations from around the world.
Gender, nation, and education in the women’s magazine Žena (The woman) (1911-1914)
Authors: Kolaric Ana
Published: January 2017

This article explores discourses of gender, nation, and education in the women’s magazine Žena/The Woman, published in the Serbian language over the period 1911–1914. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many Serbian intellectuals believed that education should be designed to help women to become better (Serbian) wives, mothers, and daughters. Owing to the specific historical and political milieu (the process of the formation of a national state and the Balkan Wars), women were seen as both the mothers and the teachers of the nation. Many women, as advocates for women’s rights, demanded the right to a formal education for girls and young women, in the name of national ideals. Thus, for such (proto)feminists, emancipation was a national project.
Enlightenment and School History in 19th Century Greece: the Case of Gerostathis by Leon Melas (1862-1901)
Authors: Athanasiades Harris
Published: January 2017

Students in present-day Greek schools are taught History as a biography of the Greek nation from the Mycenaean times to the present. Over the course of three millennia, the Greek nation has experienced three periods of cultural flourishing and political autonomy: (i) the period of Antiquity (from the times of legendary King Agamemnon to those of Alexander the Great), (ii) the Byzantine period (from Justinian’s ascension in the 6th century to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453), and (iii) the modern era (from the War of Independence in 1821 to the present day). However, in this article we argue that in the 19th century the history taught in Greek schools differed substantially from the tripartite schema described above. In support of our thesis, we examine the most popular school textbook of the 19th century, O Gerostathis, by Leon Melas. In the Gerostathis, the history of the Greek nation is identified with that of Classical Greece (i.e. from the 6th century BC to the 4th century BC), which is held up as an exemplary era worthy of emulation. In contrast, the rise of Macedon under Philip II signals the cultural decline of the Greeks and the loss of their political autonomy, which was not regained for two millennia, until the 1821 national revolution. In that period, the Greek nation ceased not to exist, but survived as a subjugate of the Macedonians, the Romans, and finally the Ottomans. The Byzantine, on the other hand, is described as an unremarkable period of decadence that is only worth mentioning in relation to its final period, that of the Palaeologus dynasty, which bestowed upon the Greeks a legacy of resistance against the Ottomans. We argue that the above reading of the Greek past owed much to the Enlightenment, which as an intellectual movement still exerted a powerful influence (albeit to a gradually diminishing degree) on Greek intellectuals up to the latter third of the 19th century.
Women’s Activism and Innovation in Education: the Role of the Unione Femminile Nazionale in Sicily for the Transformation of Italian Pedagogy at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Todaro Letterio
Published: January 2017

The beginning of the twentieth century represented a special occasion in the development of women’s movements as a vehicle for a new culture of education. The growing role of women’s associations in modern society found fertile ground in the increasing demand for childcare.In Italy such a process reflected a meaningful phenomenon of social transformation, which was linked to the ascent of the lower classes and to the progression of democratic values. In a region like Sicily, the appearance of local branches of the Unione Femminile Nazionale in some principal cities of the isle, such as Catania, from 1909 onwards represented a crucial opportunity not only for the social and cultural elevation of working-class children, but also for the introduction of new models of schooling and the experimentation of new methods in education, within the wider framework of a general renewal in the science of education of the time. The most representative witness and «learner» of these innovative approaches to education was Giuseppe Lombardo Radice, who was to «transfer» many aspects of his experience into the reform of the entire primary school system in Italy (1923) in line with the design of «active schooling».A survey of the experience of the Sicilian sections of the Unione provides not only a significant example of civilization processes promoted by women’s activism, but also a key to better understanding the wealth of resources involved in the construction of a modern pedagogy in Italy before the coming of Fascism.
Feminization and professionalization in Hungary in the late 19th century. Women teachers in professional discourses in educational journals (1887-1891)
Authors: Nóbik Attila
Published: January 2017

Hungarian historians of education paid a considerable amount of attention to the history of women’s education in the last two decades. They investigated the history of women in general (Pukánszky, 2006) as well as their changing roles in the 19th century (Kéri, 2008). They explored, to give an example, some career-stories of 19th century female teachers (Hegedűs, 2003), women’s roles in Hungarian new education movements (Sztinkóné, 2005), or how university diplomas widened women’s social opportunities (Bíró, 2014). Some critiques (Thun, 2012) note though that these historical studies don’t draw on the results of feminist historiography. Another widely explored topic in Hungarian historiography of education has been the professionalization of teaching. The role women played in the professionalization, however, hasn’t been researched yet.The aim of our research was to explore the «female side» of professionalization. Our research questions were whether women teachers participated in professional discourses, and if they did, in what extent were they in a position to shape them. We used educational journals as sources.
Perancangan Aplikasi Panduan Pariwisata Kota Tasikmalaya pada Perangkat Bergerak Berbasis Android
Authors: Muslih Danial Ahmad , Kridalukmana Rinta , Martono Kurniawan Teguh
Published: January 2017

Tourism is a valuable aspect of a region. The presence of the tourist areas will promote the welfare of the surrounding community. Information about the location of the tourist attractions in Tasikmalaya is still lacking and this is an obstacle for the tourists who will go sightseeing. Tasikmalaya tourism guide Application is built using Eclipse IDE with Java language. This application is created using PHP and MySql database. The design phase made is using Multimedia Development Life Cycle with UML modeling. The results obtained from this research is a tourism guide application that runs on Android operating system. The result shows that this application runs well on Ice Cream Sandwich version and more. Buttons and functions within the application has been running well with the respective functionality.Pariwisata merupakan aspek yang berharga bagi suatu daerah, dengan adanya daerah pariwisata maka dapat memajukan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar. Tasikmalaya memiliki objek wisata yang banyak namun informasi mengenai letak tempat wisata di Tasikmalaya masih kurang dan hal ini menjadi kendala bagi para wisatawan yang akan pergi berwisata. Aplikasi panduan pariwisata edisi Tasikmalaya merupakan aplikasi yang dibuat menggunakan perangkat lunak Eclipse IDE, dimana bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan adalah Java, serta menggunakanbahasa pemrograman PHP, dan basis data MySQL. Tahap perancangan dilakukan dengan metode Multimedia Development Life Cycle dengan paduan pemodelan UML. Hasil yang diperoleh dari perancangan aplikasi ini adalah terwujudnya sebuah aplikasi panduan pariwisata yang berjalan pada perangkat bergerak berbasis android. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ini berjalan baik pada sistem operasi android Ice Cream Sandwich. Tombol dan fungsi yang ada dalam aplikasi ini telah berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan fungsionalitasnya masing-masing.
Theory of “Critical Points at Infinity” and a Resonant Singular Liouville-Type Equation
Authors: Ahmedou Mohameden , Ben Ayed Mohamed
Published: January 2017

We consider the following Liouville-type equation on domains of

ℝ
2

${\mathbb{R}^{2}}$

under Dirichlet boundary conditions:

{

-

Δ
⁢
u

=

ϱ
⁢

K
⁢

e
u

∫
Ω

K
⁢

e
u

in
⁢
Ω

,

u

=
0

on
⁢

∂
⁡
Ω

,

$\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle-\Delta u&\displaystyle=\varrho\frac{Ke^{u% }}{\int_{\Omega}Ke^{u}}&&\displaystyle\text{in }\Omega,\\ \displaystyle u&\displaystyle=0&&\displaystyle\text{on }\partial\Omega,\end{% aligned}\right.$

where

ϱ
∈
ℝ

${\varrho\in\mathbb{R}}$

and K is a smooth nonnegative function having N zeros

q
1

,
…
,

q
N

${q_{1},\ldots,q_{N}}$

, which takes in a neighborhood of a zero

q
j

${q_{j}}$

the following form:

K
⁢

(
x
)

=

K
j

⁢

(
x
)

⁢

|

x
-

q
j

|

2
⁢

γ
j

 

with
⁢

K
j

⁢

(
x
)

>

0
⁢
and
⁢

γ
i

∈

ℝ
⁢
such that
⁢
0

<

γ
j

:=

γ
j

⁢

(

q
j

)

∉
ℕ

.

$K(x)=K_{j}(x)\lvert x-q_{j}\rvert^{2\gamma_{j}}\quad\text{with }K_{j}(x)>0% \text{ and }\gamma_{i}\in\mathbb{R}\text{ such that }0<\gamma_{j}:=\gamma_{j}(% q_{j})\notin\mathbb{N}.$

Using some dynamical and topological tools from the “critical point theory at infinity” of Bahri, we study the critical points at infinity of the related variational problem. Then we derive from our analysis some existence results in the so-called resonant case, that is, when the parameter ϱ is of the form

∑

i
=
1

σ

8
⁢
π
⁢

(

1
+

γ
i

)

+

∑

i
=

σ
+
1

m

8
⁢
π

${\sum_{i=1}^{\sigma}8\pi(1+\gamma_{i})+\sum_{i=\sigma+1}^{m}8\pi}$

for a subset

(

q

i
1

,
…
,

q

i
σ

)

${(q_{i_{1}},\ldots,q_{i_{\sigma}})}$

of

Σ
:=

{

q
1

,
…
,

q
N

}

${\Sigma:=\{q_{1},\ldots,q_{N}\}}$

. In particular, we provide an Euler–Poincaré-type criterium for existence of solutions.
Immunoassay screening in urine for synthetic cannabinoids – an evaluation of the diagnostic efficiency
Authors: Franz Florian , Angerer Verena , Jechle Hanna , Pegoro Melanie , Ertl Harald , Weinfurtner Georg , Janele David , Schlögl Christian , Friedl Matthias , Gerl Stefan , Mielke Reinhard , Zehnle Ralf , Wagner Matthias , Moosmann Bjoern , Auwärter Volker
Published: January 2017

Background:

The abuse of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) as presumed legal alternative to cannabis poses a great risk to public health. For economic reasons many laboratories use immunoassays (IAs) to screen for these substances in urine. However, the structural diversity and high potency of these designer drugs places high demands on IAs regarding cross-reactivity of the antibodies used and detection limits.

Methods:

Two retrospective studies were carried out in order to evaluate the capability of two homogenous enzyme IAs for the detection of currently prevalent SCs in authentic urine samples. Urine samples were analyzed utilizing a ‘JWH-018’ kit and a ‘UR-144’ kit. The IA results were confirmed by an up-to-date liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) screening method covering metabolites of 45 SCs.

Results:

The first study (n=549) showed an 8% prevalence of SCs use (LC-MS/MS analysis) among inpatients of forensic-psychiatric clinics, whereas all samples were tested negative by the IAs. In a second study (n=200) the combined application of both IAs led to a sensitivity of 2% and a diagnostic accuracy of 51% when applying the recommended IA cut-offs. Overall, 10 different currently prevalent SCs were detected in this population. The results can be explained by an insufficient cross-reactivity of the antibodies towards current SCs in combination with relatively high detection limits of the IAs.

Conclusions:

In light of the presented study data it is strongly recommended not to rely on the evaluated IA tests for SCs in clinical or forensic settings. For IA kits of other providers similar results can be expected.
Minimal potential results for Schrödinger equations with Neumann boundary conditions
Authors: Edward Julian , Hudson Steve , Leckband Mark
Published: January 2017

We consider the boundary value
problem

-

Δ
p

⁢
u

=

V
⁢

|
u
|

p
-
2

⁢
u

-
C

{-\Delta_{p}u=V|u|^{p-2}u-C}

, where

u
∈

W

1
,
p

⁢

(
D
)

{u\in W^{1,p}(D)}

is assumed to satisfy Neumann boundary conditions, and D is a bounded domain in

ℝ
n

{{\mathbb{R}^{n}}}

.
We derive necessary conditions for the existence of nontrivial solutions.
These conditions usually involve a lower bound for the product of a sharp Sobolev constant and an

L
p

{L^{p}}

norm of V.
When

p
=
n

{p=n}

, Orlicz norms are used.
In many cases, these inequalities are best possible.
Applications to linear and non-linear eigenvalue problems are also discussed.
Optimization of Total Monomeric Anthocyanin (TMA) and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) Extractions from Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra): Response Surface Methodology versus Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Oroian Mircea , Leahu Ana , Dutuc Anamaria , Dabija Adriana
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of solvent type, ultrasonic frequency, extraction time and temperature on the total phenolic content (TPC) and total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) extraction from red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) using the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network. The red cabbage has been used as TPC and TMA sources due to its low cost and highly availability during all the year. The experimental data for the extraction of TPC and TMA were fitted to second-order polynomial models with higher regression coefficients than 0.902. The optimal conditions (in dry matter) for highest TPC extraction (7,049.5 mg gallic acid equivalent/kg) are: methanol as solvent, 3.60 kHz ultrasonic frequency at 67.6 °C for 59.6 min, while for TMA optimal extraction (0.3 mg/g) 2-propanol was used as solvent, 45 kHz ultrasonic frequency at 69.2 °C for 20.80 min. The artificial neural network (ANN) is better than RSM to predict the TPC and TMA extraction from red cabbage.
Structural and Optical Properties of Nanophotonic LiNbO3 under Stirrer Time Effect
Authors: Fakhri Makram A. , Al-Douri Y. , Bouhemadou A. , Ameri M.
Published: January 2017

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) nanostructures are synthesized on n-silicon substrate by spin coating technique with stirrer times; 8 h, 24 h and 48 h. LiNbO3 is characterized and analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible and Photoluminescence (PL). The measurements show that as stirrer time increases, the structures start to crystallize to become more regular distribution, which helps to apply in optical waveguides. In addition, the calculated refractive index and optical dielectric constant are in agreement with experimental data.
Evidence of altered brain regulatory gene expression in tobacco-exposed fetuses
Authors: Salihu Hamisu M. , Paothong Arnut , Das Rachita , King Lindsey M. , Pradhan Anupam , Riggs Bridget , Naik Eknath , Siegel Erin M. , Whiteman Valerie E.
Published: January 2017

Aim:

We sought to determine the association between prenatal smoking status and expression of fetal brain regulatory genes.

Methods:

At delivery, we collected information from parturient women on prenatal smoking habits and analyzed salivary cotinine levels. We obtained neonatal umbilical cord blood and extracted total RNA. We then employed the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) analyses and the comparative CT method to calculate the relative gene expression of selected fetal brain regulatory genes responsible for (1) brain growth (brain-derived neutrotrophic factor, BDNF), (2) myelination (proteolipidic protein 1, PLP1 and myelin basic protein, MBP), and (3) neuronal migration and cell-cell interactions during fetal brain development or RLN. The χ

Results:

Of the 39 maternal-infant dyads included in this study, 25.6% were non-smokers, 43.6% were passive smokers and 30.8% were active smokers. The results showed down-regulation of the selected fetal brain regulatory genes among active smokers.

Conclusions:

These findings represent preliminary evidence in humans that intrauterine tobacco exposure impacts fetal brain programming. Future studies are warranted to examine whether our findings represent potential mechanisms through which adverse childhood/adult-onset cognitive and behavioral outcomes that have been previously linked to intrauterine exposure occur.
The formation of CdS quantum dots and Au nanoparticles
Authors: Schiener Andreas , Schmidt Ella , Bergmann Christoph , Seifert Soenke , Zahn Dirk , Krach Alexander , Weihrich Richard , Magerl Andreas
Published: January 2017

We report on microsecond-resolved in-situ SAXS experiments of the early nucleation and growth behavior of both cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots in aqueous solution including the temperature dependence and of gold (Au) nanoparticles. A novel free-jet setup was developped to access reaction times as early as 20 μs. As the signal in particular in the beginning of the reaction is weak the containment-free nature of this sample environment prooved crucial. The SAXS data reveal a two-step pathway with a surprising stability of a structurally relaxed cluster with a diameter of about 2 nm. While these develop rapidly by ionic assembly, a further slower growth is attributed to cluster attachment. WAXS diffraction confirms, that the particles at this early stage are not yet crystalline. This growth mode is confirmed for a temperature range from 25°C to 45°C. An energy barrier for the diffusion of primary clusters in water of 0.60 eV was experimentally observed in agreement with molecular simulations. To access reaction times beyond 100 ms, a stopped-drop setup -again contaiment- free is introduced. SAXS experiments on the growth of Au nanoparticles on an extended time scale provide a much slower growth with one population only. Further, the influence of ionizing X-ray radiation on the Au particle fromation and growth is discussed.
Hybrid Test Case Optimization Approach Using Genetic Algorithm With Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System for Regression Testing
Authors: Joseph A. K. , Radhamani G.
Published: January 2017

In an agile environment, regression testing is inevitable because it aims to attain software with better quality. Regression testing identifies whether an accurate result can be obtained for the corresponding input submitted. The test cases, hence, have an important role to play in the error-identification process of an application. An algorithm has been proposed in this paper that prioritizes the test cases based on the rate of fault detection and impact of faults. Artificial intelligence techniques have been incorporated with optimizing algorithms to reduce the overall number of test cases using minimization, selection, and prioritization collectively. Fuzzy K-means (FKM) clustering algorithm is used to cluster the test cases initially. The clustered test cases are further scaled down using the genetic algorithm (GA) combined with the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) called “Hybrid G-ANFIS.” The size of the test suite is reduced because only the optimal test cases are selected for further optimization by the ANFIS, from an already clustered test suite. This is done by fuzzy logic principles that select only the test cases that are needed for validating the changes in the software. Along with this, the test cases that have the ability to find faults by covering maximum code in a minimum time frame are also chosen. Optimization achieves a better outcome because it is done repetitively both by clustering and optimization algorithms continuously, which results in reducing the test cases considerably in the regression test suite. The proposed research work is evaluated in terms of performance measures, namely fault detection ratio, fault coverage, statement coverage, and an average percentage of faults detected (APFD) chart from which it is clear that a better optimization of the regression testing estimation process can be done.
Inhibition Mediated by Glycinergic and GABAergic Receptors on Excitatory Neurons in Mouse Superficial Dorsal Horn Is Location-Specific but Modified by Inflammation
Authors: Takazawa Tomonori , Choudhury Papiya , Tong Chi-Kun , Conway Charles M. , Scherrer Grégory , Flood Pamela D. , Mukai Jun , MacDermott Amy B.
Published: January 2017

The superficial dorsal horn is the synaptic termination site for many peripheral sensory fibers of the somatosensory system. A wide range of sensory modalities are represented by these fibers, including pain, itch, and temperature. Because the involvement of local inhibition in the dorsal horn, specifically that mediated by the inhibitory amino acids GABA and glycine, is so important in signal processing, we investigated regional inhibitory control of excitatory interneurons under control conditions and peripheral inflammation-induced mechanical allodynia. We found that excitatory interneurons and projection neurons in lamina I and IIo are dominantly inhibited by GABA while those in lamina IIi and III are dominantly inhibited by glycine. This was true of identified neuronal subpopulations: neurokinin 1 receptor-expressing (NK1R+) neurons in lamina I were GABA-dominant while protein kinase C gamma-expressing (PKCγ+) neurons at the lamina IIi–III border were glycine-dominant. We found this pattern of synaptic inhibition to be consistent with the distribution of GABAergic and glycinergic neurons identified by immunohistochemistry. Following complete Freund's adjuvant injection into mouse hindpaw, the frequency of spontaneous excitatory synaptic activity increased and inhibitory synaptic activity decreased. Surprisingly, these changes were accompanied by an increase in GABA dominance in lamina IIi. Because this shift in inhibitory dominance was not accompanied by a change in the number of inhibitory synapses or the overall postsynaptic expression of glycine receptor α1 subunits, we propose that the dominance shift is due to glycine receptor modulation and the depressed function of glycine receptors is partially compensated by GABAergic inhibition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPain associated with inflammation is a sensation we would all like to minimize. Persistent inflammation leads to cellular and molecular changes in the spinal cord dorsal horn, including diminished inhibition, which may be responsible for enhance excitability. Investigating inhibition in the dorsal horn following peripheral inflammation is essential for development of improved ways to control the associated pain. In this study, we have elucidated regional differences in inhibition of excitatory interneurons in mouse dorsal horn. We have also discovered that the dominating inhibitory neurotransmission within specific regions of dorsal horn switches following peripheral inflammation and the accompanying hypersensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimuli. Our novel findings contribute to a more complete understanding of inflammatory pain.
TRAPPing Rab18 in lipid droplets
Authors: Zappa Francesca , Venditti Rossella , De Matteis Maria Antonietta
Published: January 2017

A number of membrane trafficking components are associated with lipid droplets (LDs) and/or are involved in their biogenesis. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Li et al () show that the mammalian TRAPPII (TRAnsport Protein Particle) complex acts as an LD‐associated GEF for Rab18, thereby regulating LD homeostasis.
Reduced metabolism in the hypothalamus of the anorectic anx/anx mouse
Authors: Bergström Ulrika , Lindfors Charlotte , Svedberg Marie , Johansen Jeanette E , Häggkvist Jenny , Schalling Martin , Wibom Rolf , Katz Abram , Nilsson Ida A K
Published: January 2017

The anorecticanx/anxmouse exhibits a mitochondrial complex I dysfunction that is related to aberrant expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and transmitters regulating food intake. Hypothalamic activity, i.e. neuronal firing and transmitter release, is dependent on glucose utilization and energy metabolism. To better understand the role of hypothalamic activity in anorexia, we assessed carbohydrate and high-energy phosphate metabolism,in vivoandin vitro, in theanx/anxhypothalamus. In the fasted state, hypothalamic glucose uptake in theanx/anxmouse was reduced by ~50% of that seen in wild-type (wt) mice (P < 0.05). Under basal conditions,anx/anxhypothalamus ATP and glucose 6-P contents were similar to those in wt hypothalamus, whereas phosphocreatine was elevated (~2-fold;P < 0.001) and lactate was reduced (~35%;P < 0.001). Theanx/anxhypothalamus had elevated total AMPK (~25%;P < 0.05) and GLUT4 (~60%;P < 0.01) protein contents, whereas GLUT1 and GLUT3 were similar to that of wt hypothalamus. Interestingly, the activation state of AMPK (ratio of phosphorylated AMPK/total AMPK) was significantly decreased in hypothalamus of theanx/anxmouse (~60% of that in wt;P < 0.05). Finally, during metabolic stress (ischemia), accumulation of lactate (measure of glycolysis) and IMP and AMP (breakdown products of ATP) were ~50% lower inanx/anxvs wt hypothalamus. These data demonstrate that carbohydrate and high-energy phosphate utilization in theanx/anxhypothalamus are diminished under basal and stress conditions. The decrease in hypothalamic metabolism may contribute to the anorectic behavior of theanx/anxmouse, i.e. its inability to regulate food intake in accordance with energy status.
Mechanisms for PACAP-induced prolactin gene expression in grass carp pituitary cells
Authors: Lin Chengyuan , Jiang Xue , He Mulan , Zhao Ling , Huang Tao , Bian Zhaoxiang , Wong Anderson O L
Published: January 2017

In mammals, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic hormone with diverse functions but its role in prolactin (PRL) regulation is highly controversial. To shed light on Prl regulation by PACAP in fish model, grass carp pituitary cells was used as a model to examine the receptor specificity and signal transduction for PACAP modulation ofprlgene expression in the carp pituitary. Using RT-PCR, PACAP-selective PAC1 receptor was detected in carp lactotrophs. In carp pituitary cells, nanomolar doses of PACAP, but not VIP, could elevate Prl secretion and protein production with concurrent rise inprlmRNA and these stimulatory effects were blocked by PACAP antagonist but not VIP antagonist. PACAP-inducedprlmRNA expression could be mimicked by activating adenylate cyclase (AC), increasing cAMP level by cAMP analog, or increasing intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i) by Ca2+ionophore/voltage-sensitive Ca2+channel (VSCC) activator. PACAP-inducedprlgene expression, however, was attenuated/abolished by suppressing cAMP production, inhibiting PKA activity, blocking [Ca2+]i mobilization and VSCC activation, calmodulin (CaM) antagonism, and inactivation of JNK and CaM Kinase II (CaMK-II). Similar sensitivity to CaM, JNK, and CaMK-II blockade was also noted by substituting cAMP analog for PACAP as the stimulant forprlmRNA expression. These results, as a whole, provide evidence for the first time that (i) PACAP activation of PAC1 receptor expressed in carp lactotrophs could induce Prl synthesis and secretion, and (ii) Prl production induced by PACAP was mediated by upregulation ofprlgene expression, presumably via functional coupling of cAMP/PKA-, Ca2+/CaM-, and MAPK-dependent cascades.
Tissue thyroid hormone metabolism is differentially regulated during illness in mice
Authors: Boelen Anita , van der Spek Anne H , Bloise Flavia , de Vries Emmely M , Surovtseva Olga V , van Beeren Mieke , Ackermans Mariette T , Kwakkel Joan , Fliers Eric
Published: January 2017

Illness induces major modifications in central and peripheral thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, so-called nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS). As a result, organ-specific changes in local TH availability occur depending on the type and severity of illness. Local TH availability is of importance for the regulation of the tissue-specific TH target genes and determined by the interplay between deiodinating enzymes, TH transport and TH receptor (TR) expression. In the present study, we evaluated changes in TH transport, deiodination and TR expression, the resulting tissue TH concentrations and the expression of TH target genes in liver and muscle in three animal models of illness. We induced (1) acute systemic inflammation by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial endotoxin (LPS), (2) chronic local inflammation by a turpentine injection in the hind limb and (3) severe pneumonia and sepsis by intranasal inoculation with Streptococcus pneumoniae. We found that all aspects of peripheral TH metabolism are differentially regulated during illness, depending on the organ studied and severity of illness. In addition, tissue TH concentrations are not equally affected by the decrease in serum TH concentrations. For example, the decrease in muscle TH concentrations is less severe than the decrease observed in liver. In addition, despite lower TH concentrations in muscle in all three models, muscle T3 action is differentially affected. These observations help to understand the complex nature of the nonthyroidal illness syndrome.
The Use of Spanglish in Costa Rican Advertising
Authors: Smith Andrew Lloyd
Published: January 2017

This paper will study the use of Spanglish in Costa Rican advertising. The significance of this research lies in the fact that although Spanglish is commonly found in Latin American Spanish, especially in advertising, the relationship of these two fields has rarely been analyzed in Costa Rica. Thus, this study can provide important insights into the use of Spanglish and its impact on advertising in commercial and social terms.Se examina el uso del espanglish en el lenguaje publicitario en Costa Rica. El valor de esta investigación radica en el hecho de que aunque el espanglish es habitual en el español de América, especialmente en la publicidad, la dinámica de estos dos temas ha sido escasamente analizada en Costa Rica. Por lo tanto, este estudio nos ofrece aportes importantes en el uso del espanglish, y su efecto en la publicidad, en términos comerciales y sociales.
Kultūrinės aplinkos įtaka turinio rinkodaros praktikoms: turkų ir lietuvių jaunimo požiūris į pagrindines turinio rinkodaros sudedamąsias dalis
Authors: Kuş Oğuz
Published: January 2017

Pagrindinis šio mokslinio darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti, kaip kultūriniai skirtumai veikia turinio rinkodaros proceso sudedamąsias dalis. Šis tyrimas yra aprašomasis. Siekiant surinkti duomenis, Turkijos ir Lietuvos studentams buvo pateiktos apklausos anketos, kurias buvo galima užpildyti arba popieriuje, arba internetu. Atliekant tyrimą respondentų atsakymai atskleidė kultūrinės aplinkos įtaką trims svarbiausioms turinio rinkodaros sudedamosioms dalims: sklaidos kanalui, pranešimų tipui ir bendravimo su tiksline auditorija formatui. Rezultatai parodė, kad dviejų šalių studentų požiūris į turinio paiešką, vartojimą, komunikaciją šiek tiek skiriasi. Šią situaciją galima paaiškinti dviem veiksniais. Pirmasis veiksnys – tai globalizmas, antrasis – internetas, kuriantis savitą naudojimosi juo kultūrą, į kurią įsitraukia vartotojai.
Žinių valdymo situacija Lietuvos verslo įmonėse: atvejo tyrimas
Authors: Atkočiūnienė Zenona Ona
Published: January 2017

Nuolatinė konkurencija šiandienėje hiperdinamiškoje rinkoje yra viena iš esminių sąlygų, skatinančių organizacijas ieškoti optimalių būdų didinti veiklos produktyvumą. Pagrindinis žinių vadybos versle tikslas – žinių šaltinius paversti kapitalu, kad būtų pasiektas didžiausias organizacijos veiklos efektyvumas. Teorinės įžvalgos bei empiriniai tyrimai įrodo, kad žinių pritaikomumas galimas tik tikslingai jas valdant. Žinių valdymo situacijai Lietuvos verslo įmonėse nagrinėti buvo pasitelktas kiekybinis tyrimo metodas – apklausta 106 respondentai. Tyrimo rezultatai apima tris pagrindines sritis: strateginio valdymo – siekiama išsiaiškinti, kas yra akcentuojama strateginiuose dokumentuose; žinių valdymo – siekiama įvertinti žinių valdymo situaciją, identifikuoti žinių valdymo atsakomybes, ištirti žinių valdymo procesus, mokymąsi; inovacijų – siekiama nustatyti žinių pritaikymo galimybes. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad įmonės veikla orientuota į naujovių kūrimą bei vartotojų pritraukimą. Įmonėje nuolat identifikuojama, kokias žinių sritis reikėtų plėtoti, kokios kompetencijos, žinios, atsižvelgiant į organizacijos strateginius tikslus, bus svarbios ateityje. Darbuotojai dalijasi žiniomis, siekdami kokybiškiau atlikti darbo užduotis, tačiau šį procesą vadovai skatina nepakankamai. Dažniausiai darbuotojai dalijasi žiniomis tiesiogiai bendraudami neformalioje aplinkoje, tačiau nepanaudojamos visos informacinių technologijų galimybės valdyti žinias. Tobulinant žinių valdymą reikėtų atkreipti dėmesį į svarbą fiksuoti ir saugoti visą sukauptą patirtį, darbuotojų siūlomas idėjas, kurios vėliau galėtų tapti naujų veiklos krypčių, inovatyvių produktų ir (ar) paslaugų kūrimo pagrindu.
Circulating apoptotic endothelial cell-derived microparticles are predicted metabolically unhealthy obesity
Authors: Berezin Alexander E. , Kremzer Alexander A. , Berezina Tatyana A. , Martovitskaya Yulia V. , Samura Tatyana A
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Circulating apoptotic endothelial cell-derived micro particles (EMPs) are a marker of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular (CV) risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. There is evidence regarding association between apoptotic EMP number and CV disease in obese individuals. The aim of the study to investigate whether increased number of circulating apoptotic EMPs may predict transformation of Met-HO into Met-UHO.
Methods: The study was retrospectively evolved 89 patients with established abdominal obesity (47 patients with Met-UHO determined as MetS and 42 subjects with Met-HO) from the large cohort of abdominal obesity patients (n=268). Thirty five healthy volunteers matched for age and sex were involved in the study as a control cohort. Obesity-related biomarker (adiponectin, leptin, vistafin) and EMPs were measured at baseline. Flow cytometry was used to determine EMPs with immune phenotype CD31+/annexin V+ and CD144+/annexin V+.
Results: There was not found a significant difference between numbers of EMPs labeled CD31+/ Annexin V+ in Met-UHO and Met-HO patients, while Met-UHO patients had a significantly increased level of circulating CD144+/ Annexin V+ compared with Met-HO individuals. Multivariate logistic regression analysis has revealed the HOMA-IR, number of CV risk factors, serum leptin and hs-CRP independently predicted numbers of circulating CD31+/ Annexin V+ and CD144+/ Annexin V+ EMPs in Met-UHO. In Met-HO patients HOMA-IR remained an independent predictor of increased numbers of circulating CD31+/ Annexin V+ and CD144+/ Annexin V+ EMPs.
Conclusion: in the investigation we found that the increased number of CD31+/Annexin V+ and CD144+/ Annexin V+ EMPs added to the based predictive model (HOMA-IR) may predict transformation of Met-HO into Met-UHO.
Еволюція поглядів на методи дослідження коливань ділової активності
Authors: Hrabynska I.V.
Published: January 2017

Розглянуто еволюцію поглядів економістів на методи виявлення та способи до-слідження коливань ділової активності у ринковій економіці. Охарактеризованоосновні методологічні підходи до аналізу ділового циклу – математично-дедуктивний,статистично-історичний та економетричний. Проаналізовано сучасні методи дослі-дження коливань ділової активності – залишковий, економетричний, методи безпо-середнього виміру, гармонічного аналізу та квадратних многочленів. Розглянуто ме-тодику виявлення циклу з чисельного ряду неперевірених даних.
Управління інноваційними процесами та розвиток космічної галузі України
Authors: Sazonets I. L. , Sukhodolskyi I.A.
Published: January 2017

Розкрито значення космічної діяльності в інноваційному розвитку економікидержави та розглянуто можливості інноваційного розвитку космічної галузі України. Проведено аналіз перспективних тенденцій інноваційного розвитку космічної галузі України.
Інноваційні підходи до управління розвитком олімпійського спорту (на прикладі маркетингової компанії олімпіади в Сочі)
Authors: Savchenko V.G. , Sazonets V.I.
Published: January 2017

Вивчено досвід провідних спортивних держав світу і проаналізовано економіч-ну ситуацію в Україні, яка істотно впливає на функціонування та розвиток олім-пійських видів спорту й індустрії спорту в цілому. Виявлено значення оптимального використання наявних коштів, що є у спортивних організацій. Розглянуто напрями співпраці менеджерів та маркетологів у спорті з питань залучення спонсорських коштів на інноваційних підходах. Вивчено досвід підготовки до проведення Олімпіади в Сочі-2014.
Інноваційні підходи до вирішення проблем безпеки в туризмі
Authors: Slyvenko V. A.
Published: January 2017

Проаналізовано особливості забезпечення безпеки туризму та визначено іннова-ційні підходи до вирішення проблеми.
Науково-методологічні засади дослідження спеціалізації у високотехнологічних галузях
Authors: Fedonenko M. E.
Published: January 2017

Спеціалізація у високотехнологічних галузях є постійним предметом політичних, економічних та наукових дискурсів на національному та міжнародному рівні. Узагальнення результатів теоретичних підходів до високотехнологічної спеціалізації дає можливість розширити інструментарій проведення таких досліджень та методологічну базу для вироблення національної політики щодо технологічної спеціалізації.
Диверсифікаційний менеджмент компаній в умовах міжнародного конкурентного середовища
Authors: Bulankina O.E.
Published: January 2017

Виявлено та доведено, що диверсифікаційний менеджмент є характерною складовою стратегії отримання конкурентних переваг для компаній, що функціонують у міжнародному конкурентному середовищі.
Innovations in services and consumers’ competences
Authors: Dąbrowska Anna
Published: January 2017

Автор в своїй статті надає послуги як ринковий продукт, який все частіше є інноваційним продуктом. Особлива увага приділяється особливостям послуг, які мають неабиякий вплив на поведінку учасників ринку послуг. Введення на ринок нових, вдосконалених, технологічно просунутих послуг вимагає грамотного споживача.
Аналіз теоретичних основ оптимізації портфеля високих технологій
Authors: Omelianenko V.A.
Published: January 2017

Проаналізовано особливості управління технологічним портфелем високотехнологічних підприємств. Проаналізовано та систематизовано основні підходи до визначення складу технологічного портфеля та основні фактори його формування. Визначено можливості використання генетичних алгоритмів для управління технологічним портфелем та запропоновано теоретичні основи оптимізації його складу на основі ресурсних та інноваційних критеріїв.