bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plateletpheresis: A comparison between two blood cell separators at a tertiary care facility.
Authors: Zahra Rashid Khan  , Ayisha Imran
Published: September 2023

Objective: Platelet concentrate is an invaluable support product in the management patients presenting with thrombocytopenia. Collection of high quality, single donor platelets depends upon efficient cell separators at the plateletapheresis facility. We evaluated the performance of two different cell separators used for plateletpheresis at our facility. This evaluation was done to ascertain which cell separator performed better in terms of various product parameters. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Chughtai Stat Lab, National Hospital. Period: July to December 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 100 plateletapheresis procedures were done, 50 on Cobe Spectra and 50 on Haemonetics MCS900. Male donors were selected after detailed medical history, screening and informed consent. For each cell separator, the total procedure time, collection rate and platelet yield of the final product (single donor platelets) was noted and compared. The predonation platelet count of each donor was also recorded. Results: Donor turnaround time was better for the Cobe 60.1 + 2.757 min vs 81.1 + 3.311 min on Heamonetics (p value < 0.0001). Cobe had a superior collection rate 0.065+0.0088 (PLT×10 11/min) than Heamonetics 0.0519 + 0.007 (PLT×10 11/min) (p value< 0.0001). For both cell separators, the final product was similar in terms of platelet yield (p value = 0.56). Overall, donor predonation platelet counts ranged from 220-480x109 /L. Pearson correlation test showed positive correlation (r = 0811, p value; < 0.0001) between platelet yield and donor platelet count. Conclusion: Continuous flow cell separators, like the Cobe spectra, offer a high quality platelet product with greater efficiency when compared to intermittent flow cell separators like the Haemonetics.
Dosimetria numérica de um útero com DIU em tratamento radioterápico com Co-60
Authors: Coutinho Júnior Válter José , Mendes dos Santos Maria Clara , Gonçalves de Souza Lucas Wilian , Perini Ana Paula , De Almeida Ribeiro Cintia , Pereira Neves Lucio
Published: September 2023

Dispositivos intrauterinos (DIUs) são um dos métodos contraceptivos mais comuns do mundo. Eventualmente, mulheres em idade reprodutiva submetem-se a radioterapia com o DIU implantando devido a impossibilidade de remoção causada por um câncer cervical invasivo. Assim, é importante entender as consequências da presença de um DIU implantado durante o tratamento radioterápico. Portanto, esse trabalho foca na avaliação da energia depositada no útero para tratamentos com fonte de 60Co através de simulação computacional, utilizando o software Monte Carlo N-Particle 6.2 (MCNP6.2). O software ParaView 5.10.1 foi utilizado para visualizar a energia depositada nas estruturas simuladas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que quando o DIU está presente, é observada uma pequena alteração na energia depositada nos tecidos. Entretanto, há um espalhamento de radiação e alteração nos valores da energia depositada na região onde o DIU está implantado. Essas alterações são causadas principalmente pelos efeitos Compton e Fotoelétrico que são amplificados pela alta densidade das partes de cobre do DIU. Portanto, a simulação Monte Carlo demonstrou se ser uma ferramenta valiosa para uma melhor compreensão das implicações das interações da radiação e o DIU, contudo são necessários mais estudos sobre as alterações de dose em diferentes partes do útero.
Tecnologías aplicadas al diseño para el cuidado del adulto mayor
Authors: Bravo-Carrasco Valeria Paz , Fernández-Balboa María Teresa , Adaros-Manríquez Xavier , Jeldes-Yáñez Iván
Published: September 2023

En todo el mundo, existe un incremento en la población de Adultos Mayores (AM). Hoy en día, mejorar la calidad de vida de los AM es un problema social importante. Los nuevos avances tecnológicos son capaces de mantener la autonomía y la independencia durante el envejecimiento. Estos requieren de un enfoque preventivo, sencillo y adaptado al usuario para mantener la funcionalidad del AM sin inconvenientes. La presente investigación consistió en una revisión de literatura entre los años 2012 a 2022 para determinar los avances tecnológicos en tres áreas de aplicación encontradas: (i) tecnologías aplicadas al diseño y ergonomía, (ii) al control y monitoreo, y (iii) a la actividad física y rehabilitación. A partir de la literatura recopilada en las bases de datos Web of Science e IEEE, se realiza una visión general de las tecnologías actuales. Se evidencian grandes avances en iniciativas con exergames, realidad virtual (RV) y robots asistentes con enfoques en prevención de caídas, en mejorar la actividad física y rehabilitación. Las tres áreas se centran en: (i) plantear sugerencias de diseño, (ii) la prevención de problemas mediante medición de movimientos y datos fisiológicos, y (iii) potenciar la prevención a través de la actividad muscular. Se evidencia un futuro prometedor que debe superar ciertas limitaciones en el seguimiento de las iniciativas, en fomentar su accesibilidad y en establecer regularización de los estudios clínicos. Finalmente, se incluye un análisis para abordar los principales retos, limitaciones y tendencias futuras en la aplicación de tecnologías para el cuidado de AM.
Some arguments for the wave equation in quantum theory 3
Authors:   Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter (550), Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, England, Piro Tristram de
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we proved that solutions \((\rho,J)\) exist for the 1-dimensional wave equation on \([-\pi,\pi]\). When \((\rho,J)\) is extended to a smooth solution \((\rho,\overline{J})\) of the continuity equation on a vanishing annulus \(Ann(1,\epsilon)\) containing the unit circle \(S^1\), a corresponding causal solution \((\rho,\overline{J}' \overline{E}, \overline{B})\) to Maxwell's equations can be obtained from Jefimenko's equations. The power radiated in a time cycle from any sphere \(S(r)\) with \(r>0\) is \(O\left(\frac{1}{r}\right)\), which ensure that no power is radiated at infinity over a cycle.
Pengaruh Umur Terhadap Keaktifan Lansia Pada Posyandu Lansia
Authors: Sitaresmi Sandra Dewi , Safriana Rizka Esty
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Elderly is a condition characterized by a person's failure to maintain a balance against physiological stress conditions. Often the elderly and those around them cannot accept the changes and setbacks that occur so that it will cause problems for the elderly such as neglect. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of age on the activity of the elderly at Integrated Healthcare Centerfor the elderly in Waung Village, Boyolangu District, Tulungagung Regency. This study uses an analytic study, the type of observational research with a case control design. The sample of this study was the elderly of Waung village, Boyolangu district, Tulungagung district in 2022 as many as 23 people. The research sample was taken using a non-probability sampling technique with total sampling type. The data obtained were then analyzed using the chi square test and the results obtained that the value of p = 0.078 means that it is not significant because it is more than 0.05. The conclusion of the research shows that there is no influence of the age of the elderly on the activity of participating in the Integrated Healthcare Center for the elderly in Waung Village.
Pentingnya Komunikasi Informasi Dan Edukasi Tentnag Gizi Seimbang Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester Pertama Kehamilan
Authors: Hamidah Siti , Rizal Muhammad Saiful
Published: September 2023

3 months before marriage, a woman and a man must have an examination of their reproductive health. Likewise, when it is known that there is a delay in menstruation, you must immediately go for a check-up, to prevent problems in your pregnancy. However, this is not yet widely understood. The need for pregnant women regarding balanced nutrition is very important for the health of the mother and her fetus. The research design uses a pre-experimental research type, with a one group pretest - posttest design approach with proof of the implementation of activities. The population was all first trimester pregnant women who checked at PMB Siti Hamidah (80 pregnant women). Sampling technique with purposive sampling (60 pregnant women). The independent variable is the mother's knowledge of balanced nutrition using the IEC approach, while the dependent variable is the increase in the weight of the first trimester pregnant women. The measuring instrument used is the weight scale, analyzed by the Wilcoxon hypothesis test with α = 0.05. The statistical test results obtained a p value of 0.000 α = (0.05), so it was decided that H0 was rejected or H1 was accepted. The conclusion is that there is an influence of Information Communication and Education on the consumption of balanced nutrition in the first trimester of pregnant women which results in weight gain in the first trimester of pregnant women.

 

3 bulan sebelum pernikahan seorang wanita dan pria harus melakukan pemeriksaan tentang kesehatan reproduksinya. Demikian juga ketika diketahui adanya keterlambatan haid, harus segera memeriksakan diri, untuk mencegah terjadinya masalah dalam kehamilannya. Namun hal tersebut, belum banyak difahami.  Kebutuhan ibu hamil tentang gizi seimbang sangat penting untuk kesehatan ibu dan janinnya. Desain penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian pre eksperimen, dengan pendekatan one group pretest - posttest design dengan pembuktian pelaksanaan kegiatan. Populasi  adalah semua ibu hamil trimester I yang periksa di PMB Siti Hamidah (80 ibu hamil). Tehnik sampling dengan Purposive Sampling (60 ibu hamul). Variabel Independen adalah pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi seimbang dengan pendekatan KIE, sedangkan variable dependennya adalah kenaikan BB ibu hamil trimester I. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah timbangan BB, dianalisa dengan uji hipotesis Wilcoxon dengan α = 0,05. Hasil uji statistik di dapatkan p value 0,000 α = (0,05), maka diputuskan bahwa H0 ditolak atau H1 diterima. Kesimpulannya adalah ada pengaruh Komunikasi Informasi dan Edukasi terhadap konsumsi gizi seimbang ibu hamil trimester I yang berakibat pada kenaikan berat badan ibu hamil trimester I.
Penggunaan Project-Based Learning (PBL) Eco-Enzim untuk Mengembangkan Kemampuan Menyimak dan Bicara Anak
Authors: Silitonga Catheriena Rosmauli , Susanti Debie
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the effect of learning the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model through Eco enzyme activities on the ability to listen and express language or speak in early childhood. This can be seen from various previous research results that the listening and speaking abilities of early childhood have not developed optimally. The learning which is assumed as an effort to improve listening and speaking skills for early childhood is by using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model through Eco Enzim activities. This study used quantitative data collection techniques. The design used in this study is the Post test Only Control Design. The two groups were randomly selected and both groups were treated with PBL treatment. The post test was carried out on the experimental and control groups which arepreviously using solvin calculations. The results of the samples tested were 54 samples randomly. In the Kolmogrov-Smirnov normality test the speaking group obtained a result of 0.2, the listening group obtained a result of 0.054. In the Shapiro-Wilk normality test the speaking group obtained a result of 0.177, and the listening group obtained a result of 0.12. Then a homogeneous test was carried out with the Levene test, the result was 0.88, and in the independent sample t test, the result was 0.035, it can be concluded that HO was rejected and Ha was accepted. Therefore, there is an increase in the listening and speaking abilities of children in age group B in DKI Jakarta for the 2022-2023 school year on the effect of the eco enzyme project-based learning model. These results were obtained from data management of 118 children, through the solvin method the results obtained were 54 samples taken randomly. There is a standard deviation result looking at the distribution of data to the average, the result is 11,295 in the speaking variable, 7,808 in the listening variable. Thus that there is a significant (significant) difference between the average student learning outcomes in the listening group and the speaking group and the speaking group's results are superior to the listening group.
PENGARUH PROJECT BASED LEARNING DALAM HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK SMK UNITOMO DALAM MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Nicolaas Felix Fernando
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh project based learning dalam hasil belajar peserta didik di SMK Unitomo Surabaya pada kurikulum 2013 dan kurikulum merdeka belajar dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam peneltian kuantitatif karena hasil data berupa angka statistik. Sumber penelitian ini berupa peserta didik kelas X dan XI TKJ. Populasi yang digunakan sebanyak 32 (kelas X) dan 26 orang (kelas XI), sampel dari masing-masing kelas sebanyak 10 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode statistik dengan rumus kesesuaian pada modul ajar dan dengan ketentuan yang ada pada Kurikulum Merdeka maupun Kurikulum 2013 dengan memberikan penilaian skor.
ANALISIS WACANA GENDER PADA BUKU TEMATIK SEKOLAH DASAR KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Wahyudi Agus , Lutfauziah Asmaul
Published: September 2023

Buku teks sekolah merupakan media untuk mengkomunikasikan sejumlah besar pengetahuan dan guru sangat bergantung pada praktik pembelajaran bagi peserta didik. Selain pengetahuan tentang mata pelajaran sekolah, buku teks juga menunjukkan berbagai pesan ideologis, termasuk representasi gender. Studi ini mengeksplorasi representasi gender dalam buku teks di kalangan sekolah dasar kurikulum 2013 yang ditujukan kepada kelas satu, yang saat ini sedang diajarkan. Dengan mensinergikan analisis isi dan Analisis Wacana Kritis sebagai metode Analisa dalam penelitian ini, karena dengan Analisis Isi saja tidak cukup untuk mengeksplorasi representasi gender dan ideologi wacana buku teks buku sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa representasi gender direproduksi dalam buku teks tertentu, dengan menghadirkan laki-laki mendominasi ruang publik, dan memimpin kehidupan perempuan dan keluarga mereka.
ANALISIS SEMANTIK DALAM PUISI HUJAN BULAN JUNI KARYA SAPARDI DJOKO DAMONO
Authors: Kasanah Uswatun Putri
Published: September 2023

Puisi Hujan Bulan
Religious heritage and change in the North
Authors: Groop Kim , Dahlbacka Jakob
Published: September 2023

The current issue of Approaching Religion is based on a conference arranged in Åbo/Turku, Finland, in November 2022, with the theme ‘Religious Heritage and Change in the North’. The conference was organized jointly by the research network Religious History of the North (REHN, Umeå University), and the research project ‘Changing Spaces: Ritual Buildings, Sacred Objects, and Human Sensemaking’ (Inez and Julius Polin Institute for Theological Research/Åbo Akademi University).
Resimli Çocuk Kitaplarında Sosyal Problem Çözme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ATIŞ AKYOL Nevra , SUNDUVAÇ Hatice
Published: September 2023

Erken çocukluk döneminde çocuklarda eğlenerek gelişim ve öğrenmenin desteklenmesinde öğretmenlerin ve ailelerin en iyi yardımcılarından biri resimli çocuk kitaplarıdır. Bu çalışma olumlu ve olumsuz sosyal problem çözme becerilerine resimli çocuk kitaplarında yer verilme durumunu incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sivas il merkezinde bulunan anaokullarının kütüphanelerinden ya da kitaplıklarından, öğretmenlerden ve ailelerden temin edilen 180 adet resimli çocuk kitabı olumlu ve olumsuz sosyal problem çözme becerilerinden oluşan kodlara göre doküman analizi yapılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda resimli çocuk kitaplarında olumlu sosyal problem çözme becerilerinde en sık “nedenini açıklamak”, “farklı bir çözüm önerisi üretmek” ve “paylaşmak” davranışlarına rastlanırken; olumsuz sosyal problem çözme becerilerinde “fiziksel olumsuz tepkiler vermek”, “sözel olumsuz tepkiler vermek” ve “bağırmak” en sık karşılaşılan davranışlar olmuştur. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda çocuklara sunulan tüm kitapların içeriklerinin incelenmesi ve çocukların olumlu yönde gelişmelerini sağlayacak kitapların tercih edilmesi önerilmektedir. Yayınevlerinin de içerik incelemesi yapılmadan kitap basımını yapmaması önemle tavsiye edilmektedir.
Fabrication and Characterization of Silicon Nanowires Heterojunction Solar Cell
Authors: Inaya Hana H. , Mahdi Mazin A.
Published: September 2023

Silicon nanowire arrays (SiNWs) are created utilizing the metal-assisted chemical etching method with an Ag metal as a catalyst and different etching time of 15, 30, and 60 minutes using n-Si (100). Physical properties such as structural, surface morphology, and optical properties of the prepared SiNWs are studied. The diameter of prepared SiNWs ranged from 20 to 280 nm, and the reflectance in the visible part of the wavelength spectrum was less than 1% for all prepared samples. The obtained energy gap of prepared SiNWs was around 2 eV, which is higher than the energy gap of bulk silicon. X-ray diffraction (XRD) has diffraction peaks at 68.70o for all prepared samples. The heterojunction solar cell was fabricated based on the n-SiNWs/ P3HT/PEDOT: PSS structure. The heterojunction solar cell produced for 60 minutes has the highest Jsc of 11.55 mA.cm-2 and a conversion efficiency of 0.93%. Based on SiNWs prepared for etching time of 15 min, the solar cell demonstrated Jsc and Voc of 2.73 mA/cm2 and 0.46 V, respectively, and a conversion efficiency of 0.34%.
Study on the legal nature of Mandatory performance litigation and the effectiveness of judgments and object of a lawsuit: Focusing on the review of Japanese laws, theories and precedents and their implications
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Cho Yeon-Pal , Shin Bong-Ki
Published: September 2023

義務付け訴訟の法的性質や訴訟物及び効力を理解するためには、まず抗告訴訟全体の法的性質やその機能を明確にしなければ体系的な理解が不可能と考えられ、本論文では義務付け訴訟以外の抗告訴訟の法的性質なども併せて考察した。 まず、義務付け訴訟の法的性質については、これが形成訴訟か給付訴訟かについて争いがあるが、日本において実務や学説の多くは形成訴訟説をとっている。 次に、形成訴訟の訴訟物についてみると、形成訴訟の代表格である取消訴訟の訴訟物は、民事訴訟とは異なり、取消権という権利が実体法上規定されていないため、学説上では様々な考え方が現れるが、 取消訴訟の訴訟物は無効など確認訴訟と同様に処分の「違法性」ないし「違法性一般」とみなす考え方が有力である。それなら日本の多数説のように義務付け訴訟を形成訴訟と理解すれば義務付け訴訟の訴訟物は形成要件としての「不作為の違法性」になると思われる。 第三に、判決の効力のうち第三者効についてであるが、日本の場合には、第三者効規定と第三者再審の規定は、義務付け訴訟や義務付け訴訟に対する仮処分決定とその取消決定にも準用していない。このように義務付け訴訟に第三者効を準用していないのは、制度の運用には無理ではなく限界があるとし、義務付け判決(予防的禁止判決も含む)にも第三者効を認められるように法改正をしなければならないという主張が提起されている。 とにかく、韓国の2013年法務部改正案の場合には無効など確認訴訟や不作為違法確認訴訟はもちろん義務付け訴訟にも取消訴訟の第三者効規定を準用しており、ここに対する執行停止はもちろん仮処分にも準用しているが、問題はなぜ仮処分に対しては第三者効規定のみ準用し、第三者再審規定は準用していないかについて疑問が生じるが、ここについて説得力のある論拠を提示した文献は探しにくい。しかし、仮処分に対しても取消訴訟上の第三者効規定とともに第三者再審規定にも準用することが妥当に見える。
Cytoprotection in gastroesophageal reflux disease and prospects for the use of cytoprotective agents
Authors: Skrypnyk I. M. , Maslova G. S. , Horodnytska I. M. , Savchenko L. V.
Published: September 2023

The analysis of publications is devoted to the problem of treatment and prevention of gastroesophageal reflux disease with the use of cytoprotectors. Special attention is paid to Gastrotop, the new complex of plant origin.
Gastrotop (Еrвоzета S.p.A, San Marino) is a new medication with cytoprotective action, containing Mucosave CG, a standardized complex of polysaccharides from the stems of Indian prickly pear (Opuntia ficus‑indica, 33.5%), leaves of European olive (Olea europaea, 24.0%); a mixture of sodium alginate and salts (sodium alginate — 50 mg, potassium bicarbonate — 10 mg, calcium carbonate — 10 mg), an extract of the leaves of Malva sylvestris L. 50 mg. Its action is aimed at the increasing of protection of esophageal and gastroduodenal mucosa from irritating effects of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and the detergent effect of bile during reflux by means of formation of a strong mucoadhesive biofilm on the walls of the esophagus.
The authors present the results of a randomized, double‑blind, controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a preparation based on alginate/sodium bicarbonate in combination with extracts obtained from Opuntia ficus indica and Olea europaea related to polyphenols on the dynamics of GERD symptoms. It has been established that Gastrotop is well tolerated and effective in controlling symptoms associated with mild GERD manifestations. The results demonstrated the perspective of administration of a standardized complex of polysaccharides as part of Gastrotop in cases when it’s necessary to cancel antisecretory drugs (in particular, proton pump inhibitors PPIs), for example, before assessing the persistence of Helicobacter pylori infection or for the purpose of monitoring of the eradication effectiveness. The use of cytoprotectors in GERD promotes the reduction of incidence and prevention of possible complications, caused by the long‑term PPIs’ use.
Gastroenterological manifestations of IgG4 associated disease. Literature review, clinical case
Authors: Revko O. P. , Dorofeev A. E.
Published: September 2023

IgG4‑associated disease is a disorder with an unknown etiology and multi‑organ damage caused by a specific inflammatory process, characterized by periductal inflammatory infiltrate mainly by CD4+‑T lymphocytes, IgG4+‑plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, atrophy of acinar tissue, which often results in pancreatic duct stenosis. A great number of target organs are involved in the pathological process, one primary localization of the pathological process without damage to other organs is observed in only 10 — 20% of patients. Mostly affected are middle‑aged and elderly men. The pathological process is stipulated by a pronounced tissue infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells, followed by fibrosis development. The clinical picture varies widely, depending on the combination of affected target organs. The long‑term prognosis of the disease has not been sufficiently studied due to the small number of observations, the variety of clinical forms and the variability of treatment approaches.
IgG4‑associated lesions have been described for localization in pancreas, biliary tract and gallbladder, liver, esophagus, stomach and intestines, retroperitoneal space, mammary glands and thyroid and prostate glands, salivary and lacrimal glands, kidneys and ureters, lymph nodes, skin and bones. The article presents a review of current literature on gastroenterological lesions in IgG4 associated diseases, as well as a clinical case of a patient with IgG4‑autoimmune pancreatitis type 1, IgG4‑sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis type 1 complicated by 3 type diabetes mellitus. The diagnosis of an IgG4‑associated disease in gastroenterological practice causes some difficulties. However, the timely diagnosis and administration of adequate treatment can significantly improve the quality of life of the patient and prevent the development of complications.
Probiotics and their role in stress regulation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Review
Authors: Kurinna O. G. , Chernova V. M.
Published: September 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world, affecting 25 — 30% of the adult population. Prevalence rates vary by country, with the highest rates reported in regions with the high levels of stress. The frequency of NAFLD correlates with the intensity of the subjective feeling of stress. The war in Ukraine and the migration of a part of the population to European countries had a significant impact on the health of the population, which was caused by a sharp increase in the influence of stressful factors and the formation of signs of mental health disorders. The chronic influence of negative psychosocial factors, in particular the stressful conditions of wartime, is the main reason for the hyperactivation of the stress response and chronic high cortisol levels, which become maladaptive and lead to distant consequences — changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, energy balance, and metabolic changes that cause the formation of and progression of NAFLD, as well as to changes in the immune system. In addition to metabolic factors, chronic stress is a trigger for changes in the functioning of the digestive system and intestinal microbiota, that is, the gut‑liver axis, which is involved in the formation of NAFLD. The presented data justify the need for scientific research to find pathogenetic measures that affect mental processes in humans through the correction of the microbiome, namely psychobiotics — probiotics, the consumption of which in a certain amount has a beneficial effect on the host's mental health through interaction with commensal intestinal bacteria. Despite some progress in the study of the effectiveness of psychobiotics in stress management, the number of studies on this problem is limited, so it is necessary to conduct additional studies on their use in the complex treatment of NAFLD with account of lifestyle factors.
New criteria for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: advantage or question? Review
Authors: Solomentseva T. A.
Published: September 2023

The impact of fatty liver disease on public health and the economics has raised an increased interest in studying this disease. In the year 2020, experts of an international consensus group proposed to rename non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to the metabolic dysfunction‑associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and to change the diagnostic criteria for the fatty liver disease, because they did not correspond to the recent concepts. The previous name of NAFLD did not fully reflect the pathogenesis of the disease, in which excessive attention was paid to alcohol, and important metabolic risk factors that significantly affect the course of the disease were underestimated. This transition to MAFLD may be appropriate in terms of clinical data, determination of liver steatosis, separation of patients with different MAFLD phenotypes.
The new diagnostic criteria for MAFLD are practical, easy to use, and superior to the existing NAFLD criteria for identifying patients at increased risk of developing progressive liver disease. They include evidence of hepatic steatosis, as well as the presence of at least one of three additional criteria: overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other metabolic disorders.
The limitations of the new criteria for MAFLD include the absence of the concept of non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis, as well as the exclusion from the criteria of MAFLD of subjects with NAFLD without metabolic disorders, who are not diagnosed, and their potential risk may be the cause of future concomitant diseases and complications. However, among the expert society, it was not possible to reach a broad comprehensive understanding regarding the terminology and views on the development of the MAFLD. Debate continues regarding nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction. Further cohort‑controlled studies based on evidence‑based medicine are needed to resolve controversial issues and to reach a consensus regarding MAFLD.
Following up on the disease course and the evolution of medical terms can improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of liver diseases and create a new concept of fatty liver disease. Coordination of views of international experts in the field of the study of MAFLD will have a decisive role in the promotion of clinical practice and research.
Peran BPBD Kabupaten Pasaman Barat Dalam Meningkatkan Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Menghadapi Bencana Gempa Bumi di Kecamatan Talamau
Authors: Wafda Wafda , Fahri Adnan M.
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini didasari pada peristiwa gempa bumi pada Kecamatan Talamau Kabupaten Pasaman Barat pada 25 Februari 2022 yang menjadi penyebab jatuhnya korban jiwa sebanyak 336 luka ringan, 45 luka berat dan 11 orang meninggal dunia. Melihat masih banyaknya korban jiwa akibat bencana menjadi pertanda masih rendahnya kesiapsiagaan masyarakat dalam menghadapi gempa bumi. Oleh karena itu, untuk meminimalisir akibat bencana yang dapat terjadi maka dibutuhkan penanganan yang sistematis, terpadu dan terkoordinasi. Penelitian yang terlaksana tujuannya yakni untuk mendeskripsikan peran BPBD Kabupaten Pasaman Barat untuk meningkatkan kesiapan serta kesiagaan masyarakat saat bencana gempa bumi. Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian kualitatif menggunakan metodologi deskriptif dan metode dalam mengumpulka datanya berupa wawancara, observasi serta studi dokumentasi. Informan di dalamnya ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, dan metode analisis datanya peneliti gunakan model analisis interaktif okeh Miles dan Huberman (1994). Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa peran BPBD dalam meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan ditentukan dengan menggunakan 4 indikator menurut UU No 24 Tahun 2007 perihal penanggulangan bencana telah berhasil dilaksanakan. Tidak cukupmua sumber daya manusia, anggaran,sarana prasarana serta lemahnya partisipasi masyarakat di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat menjadi penghambat usaha BPBD Kabupaten Pasaman Barat untuk meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat.
Factors associated with academic motivation in nursing students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Van Nguyen Tuan , Wantonoro Wantonoro , Thi Nguyen Huynh Xuan , Thi Huynh My Ngoc , Huynh Nguyen Manh Truc , Le Minh Quang , Vo Thu Minh , Van Huynh Loc , Viet Nguyen Phuong , Hong Nguyen Thuy
Published: September 2023

Academic motivation encourages people to participate in learning activities and directs, maintains, and determines the intensity of learning behaviors. Therefore, nursing students require high-quality academic motivation to continuously and effectively improve their medical knowledge and skills continuously and effectively. This study measures nursing students' academic motivation and identifies the associated factors. A cross-sectional study design was used. The total sample included 237 undergraduate nursing students. The data were collected from October to November 2022 in a public university located in Southwestern Vietnam. The level of academic motivation was measured using the Vietnamese version of the Academic Motivation Scale. The data were analyzed using the independent Student's t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and regression analysis. The study showed that nursing students had high academic motivation. However, there were still more than one-third of students (39.3%) whose quality of academic motivation was not good. Through simple linear regression analysis, it showed that appropriate training regulations of the school; getting support/questions answers or good examples in learning from lecturers/medical staff at the clinical practice site; joining a club about learning; intending to teach in the field of nursing, ability to deal with difficulties were the factors that affect nursing students' academic motivation. Many associated factors influence the academic motivation of nursing students. Further effective interventions are needed to address this issue.
Integration of foot massage and diabetic foot gymnastic on peripheral perfusion in patients with diabetes mellitus 2
Authors: Puryanti Clara , Subiyanto Paulus , Amigo Thomas Aquino Erjinyuare
Published: September 2023

The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) is increasing yearly. Peripheral neuropathy of the foot is a complication that often appears in people with diabetes. Neuropathy disorders that are not treated properly can risk causing diabetic ulcers and even amputations. Complementary therapies that can be done to overcome this are foot massage and diabetic foot exercises.Â  This study aims to determine the effect of integrating foot massage and diabetic foot gymnastics to overcome complaints of peripheral tissue perfusion in the feet of DMT2 patients at the Polyclinic of Panti Nugroho Hospital. Quasi-experimental research method with Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design design. The intervention and control groups each consisted of 15 respondents.Â  The intervention group was given foot massage treatment and diabetic foot exercises for three consecutive days for 15 minutes. The independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze the data. There were significant differences in ABI scores, oxygen saturation, and monofilament scores in the intervention group's left and right legs against the control group (p-value < 0.05). There is a significant effect of the integration of foot massage and diabetic foot gymnastics on peripheral tissue perfusion in both the left leg and right foot of T2DM patients. The contribution of this study needs further research with a larger number of respondents and a longer time to ascertain its effectiveness before it is used as part of local nursing intervention standards.
A clean slate: adapting the realization effect to online gambling and its effectiveness in people with gambling problems
Authors: Zhang Ke , Imas Alex , Clark Luke
Published: September 2023

Betting more after losses (i.e. ‘loss chasing’) is a central clinical feature of disordered gambling. According to Prospect Theory, increasing risk-seeking following losses could arise from a failure to ‘re-reference’. By contrast, successful re-referencing between successive decisions closes the mental account, and any losses are regarded as final or realized; gamblers should not chase realized losses. The present study sought to test this ‘realization effect’ among gamblers using an ecologically-valid online gambling task. We were further interested in whether the effectiveness of the loss realization varied as a function of problem gambling severity. Using online recruitment of past-year gamblers stratified on the Problem Gambling Severity Index, we tested a group without gambling problems (n=227), a group with at-risk gambling (n=239), and a group with gambling problems (n=223). Over a sequence of 9 bets, after bet 6, half of the participants underwent a simulated realization procedure that entailed cashing out from the gambling website, and re-depositing their remaining funds on another website. The feedback comparison group were shown their account balance after bet 6 but did not withdraw or transfer their funds. In line with the realization effect, the group with non-problem gambling significantly reduced their bet after cashing out. The realization procedure did not significantly ameliorate loss chasing in the groups with at-risk gambling or gambling problems. We conclude that the realization effect can be elicited in an online gambling context, but that stronger interventions for realizing losses may be required for people experiencing gambling problems.
Towards an ecologically valid naturalistic cognitive neuroscience of episodic memory and event cognition: A literature review and synthesis
Authors: Pooja Raju , Ghosh Pritha , Sreekumar Vishnu
Published: September 2023

The landscape of human memory and event cognition research has witnessed atransformative journey toward the use of naturalistic contexts and tasks. In this review, wetrack this progression from abrupt, artificial stimuli used in extensively controlledlaboratory experiments to more naturalistic tasks and stimuli that present a more faithfulrepresentation of the real world. We argue that in order to improve ecological validity,naturalistic study designs must consider the complexity of the cognitive phenomenon beingstudied. Then, we review the current state of "naturalistic" event segmentation studies andcritically assess frequently employed movie stimuli. We evaluate recently developed toolslike lifelogging and other extended reality technologies to help address the challenges weidentified with existing naturalistic approaches. We conclude by offering some guidelinesthat can be used to design ecologically valid cognitive neuroscience studies of memory andevent cognition.
Children’s estimates of equivalent rational number magnitudes are not equal: evidence from whole numbers, percentages, decimals, and fractions
Authors: Schiller Lauren K. , Abreu-Mendoza Roberto A. , Thompson Clarissa A. , Rosenberg-Lee Miriam
Published: September 2023

Fractions, decimals, and percentages are generally assumed to differ in difficulty based on the degree to which their structure aligns with, or differs from, that of whole numbers. Percentages are viewed as most similar to whole numbers with their fixed, unstated denominator of 100. Decimals are often assumed to be easier than fractions because their place-value structure is an extension of the base-ten system for whole numbers, unlike fractions, which have a bipartite structure (i.e., a/b). However, unlike whole numbers, a longer string-length for decimals and fractions does not always signify a larger magnitude. To assess understanding of the four notations, we measured number line estimation of equivalent fractions and decimals with shorter string-lengths (e.g., 8/10 and 0.8) and longer string-lengths (e.g., 80/100 and 0.80), percentages (e.g., 80%), and proportionally equivalent whole numbers on a 0-100 scale (e.g., 80.0). Middle school students (N = 65, 33 female) generally underestimated all numbers (Whole Numbers: 3%, Percentages: 2%, Decimals: 17%, and Fractions: 5% below the actual value). Shorter string-length decimals and fractions were estimated as smaller than equivalent longer string-length ones; and larger magnitude decimals and fractions were underestimated by greater amounts than smaller ones. Overall, percentages were estimated similarly to corresponding whole numbers, fractions had modest string-length effects, and decimals were the most underestimated, especially for single-digit decimals. These results highlight the strengths and weaknesses of children’s understanding of each notation’s magnitudes and challenge the assumption that decimals are always better understood than fractions.
Revisiting Gino et al.’s (2009) Contagion and Differentiation in Unethical Behavior: A Registered Replication and Extension
Authors: Martuza Jareef , Aslan Esra
Published: September 2023

Individual behavior can be significantly influenced by the observed actions of others. The seminal Gino et al. (2009) Experiment 1 demonstrated that individuals are more likely to behave dishonestly after witnessing blatant dishonest behavior by an in-group member than by an out-group member. Findings from this experiment have guided multiple streams of research across psychology, organizational behavior, and experimental economics. However, because of the absence of a baseline condition, that is witnessing dishonesty by someone without any group signal, it remains unclear whether the original effect should be attributed to contagion within the in-group, differentiation from the out-group, or both. To address the identified design limitation of the original study and evaluate the robustness of the findings under current methodological standards, we propose a registered report project with two studies. Study 1 (N = 375) is a close replication and extension of Gino et al.'s (2009) seminal Experiment 1 with double the cell sizes. Students from a leading Norwegian university will be exposed to a cheating confederate with an in-group, out-group, or no-group signal and be allowed to cheat and increase their earnings without repercussions. Study 2 (N = 1,400) is a conceptual replication using a large-scale, incentive-aligned online experiment without using deception with U.S. American participants. Findings from the proposed research will bolster understanding of how group identities influence dishonesty norms and individual behavior, and disentangle the in-group contagion and out-group differentiation components underlying the general effect, advancing knowledge on the interplay between dishonesty, social cognition, and group identities.
Contralateral delay activity as a marker of visual working memory capacity: a multi-site registered replication
Authors: Strzelczyk Dawid , Clayson Peter E , Sigurdardottir Heida Maria , Mushtaq Faisal , Pavlov Yuri G. , Devillez Hélène , Lukashevich Anton , Rocha Harold A , Chung Yong Hoon , Ortego Kevin M. , Störmer Viola S. , García Alanis José C. , Löffler Christoph , Schubert Anna-Lena , Biel Anna Lena , Tretow Ariane , Xu Weiyong , Hamalainen Jarmo , Lu Zitong , Choi Yong Min , Lout Eva , Golomb Julie , Jiang Shuangke , Jones Myles , Mizrak Eda , von Bastian Claudia Christina , Busch Niko A. , Machizawa Maro G. , Ngiam William Xiang Quan , Vogel Edward K. , Langer Nicolas
Published: September 2023

Visual working memory (VWM) is a temporary storage system capable of retaining information that can be accessed and manipulated by higher cognitive processes, thereby facilitating a wide range of cognitive functions. Electroencephalography (EEG) is used to understand the neural correlates of VWM with high temporal precision, and one commonly used EEG measure is an event-related potential called the contralateral delay activity (CDA). In a landmark study by Vogel and Machizawa (2004), the authors found that the CDA amplitude increases with the number of items stored in VWM and plateaus around three to four items, which is thought to represent the typical adult working memory capacity. Critically, this study also showed that the increase in CDA amplitude between two-item and four-item arrays correlated with individual subjects’ VWM performance. Although these results have been supported by subsequent studies, a recent study suggested that the number of subjects used in experiments investigating the CDA may not be sufficient to detect differences in set size and to provide a reliable account of the relationship between behaviorally measured VWM capacity and the CDA amplitude. To address this, the current study, as part of the #EEGManyLabs project, aims to conduct a multi-site replication of Vogel and Machizawa's (2004) seminal study on a large sample of participants, with a pre-registered analysis plan. Through this, our goal is to contribute to deepening our understanding of the neural correlates of visual working memory.
Memory and Belief Updating Following Complete and Partial Reminders of Fake News
Authors: Kemp Paige , Sinclair Alyssa Hannah , Adcock R. Alison , Wahlheim Christopher N.
Published: September 2023

Fake news can have enduring effects on memory and beliefs. An ongoing theoretical debate has investigated whether corrections (fact-checks) should include reminders of fake news. The familiarity-backfire account proposes that reminders hinder correction (increasing interference), whereas integration-based accounts argue that reminders facilitate correction (promoting memory integration). In three experiments, we examined how different types of corrections influenced memory for and belief in news headlines. In the exposure phase, participants viewed real and fake news headlines. In the correction phase, participants viewed reminders of fake news that either reiterated the false details (complete) or prompted recall of missing false details (partial); reminders were followed by fact-checked headlines correcting the false details. Both reminder types led to proactive interference in memory for corrected details, but complete reminders produced less interference than partial reminders (Experiment 1). However, when participants had fewer initial exposures to fake news and experienced a delay between exposure and correction, this effect was reversed; partial reminders led to proactive facilitation, enhancing correction (Experiment 2). This effect occurred regardless of the delay before correction (Experiment 3), suggesting that the effects of partial reminders depend on the number of prior fake news exposures. In all experiments, memory and perceived accuracy were better when fake news and corrections were recollected, implicating a critical role for integrative encoding. Overall, we show that when memories of fake news are weak or less accessible, partial reminders are more effective for correction; when memories of fake news are stronger or more accessible, complete reminders are preferable.
Causal Latent Class Analysis with Distal Outcomes: A Modified Three-Step Method Using Inverse Propensity Weighting
Authors: Clouth Felix J. , Lê Trà T. , Vermunt Jeroen
Published: September 2023

Bias-adjusted three-step latent class (LC) analysis is a popular technique for estimating the relationship between LC membership and distal outcomes. Since it is impossible to randomize LC membership, causal inference techniques are needed to estimate causal effects leveraging observational data. This paper proposes two novel strategies that make use of propensity scores to estimate the causal effect of LC membership on a distal outcome variable. Both strategies modify the bias-adjusted three-step approach by using propensity scores in the last step to control for confounding. The first strategy utilizes inverse propensity weighting (IPW), whereas the second strategy includes the propensity scores as control variables. Classification errors are accounted for using the BCH or ML corrections. We evaluate the performance of these methods in a simulation study by comparing it with three existing approaches that also use propensity scores in a stepwise LC analysis. Both of our newly proposed methods return essentially unbiased parameter estimates outperforming previously proposed methods. However, for smaller sample sizes our IPW based approach shows large variability in the estimates and can be prone to non-convergence. Furthermore, the use of these newly proposed methods is illustrated using data from the LISS panel. A version of this manuscript is in production at Multivariate Behavioral Research.
विद्यार्थी सिकाइ उपलब्धि: असमानताका आयामहरू र कक्षाकोठामा आधारित परीक्षा (Student Learning Achievement: Dimensions of Inequalities and Classroom-based Examination)
Authors: आचार्य Acharya देवीराम Deviram
Published: September 2023

औपचारिक शिक्षा प्रणालीमा राष्ट्रिय पाठ्यक्रमले निर्धारण गरेका सिकाइ उपलब्धि हासिल गराउनका लागि विभिन्न प्रक्रिया, संरचना र क्रियाकलापहरू निर्धारण गरिएको हुन्छ । सोही अनुसार संरचित पाठ्यक्रम, पाठ्यपुस्तक, शिक्षक निर्देशिका, पाठ्यक्रम प्रवोधिकरण, अन्य शैक्षिक सामग्री, निश्चित योग्यता र क्षमता भएका शिक्षक, प्रधानाध्यापक, व्यवस्थापन समिति, विद्यालयको भौतिक पक्ष लगायत अन्य प्रशासनिक इकाइहरूको व्यवस्था गरिएको हुन्छ । यी सबै व्यवस्थाहरू विद्यार्थीमा तोकिएको सिकाइ उपलब्धि अधिकतम रूपमा हासिल गराउनेतर्फ लक्षित हुन्छन् । शैक्षिक सुशासन र जवाफदेहितालाई प्रवर्धन गर्दै विद्यार्थीको सिकाइ उपलब्धि हासिल गराउनु मुख्य उद्देश्य भएकाले त्यसको परीक्षण गर्ने कार्यलाई पनि अझ महत्वपूर्ण मानिन्छ । परीक्षामा आधारित जवाफदेहिताका अभ्यासहरू प्रचलित छन् । नेपालमा कक्षा ३, ५, ८ र १० मा राष्ट्रिय उपलब्धि परीक्षण र कक्षा ८, १० र १२ मा सार्वजनिक परीक्षा हुने गरेको छ । यी परीक्षाहरूका नतिजाले विद्यार्थीको सिकाइ उपलब्धि निरन्तर कमजोर हुँदै गएको र त्यो कमजोर सिकाइ उपलब्धिमा पनि विभिन्न खाले गहिरा असमानताहरू देखाएका छन् । यो लेख सिकाइ उपलब्धिमा देखिएका विभिन्नखाले असमानता आयामहरू कस्ता छन्, कुन कुन समूहका बीच के कति मात्रामा असमानता छ र ती असमानता कम गर्न कक्षाकोठामा आधारित परीक्षाले कसरी सहयोग गर्छ भन्ने प्रश्नहरूमा आधारित छ। द्वितीय स्रोतबाट प्राप्त परिमाणात्मक तथ्याङ्क र अनुसन्धानकर्ताले सङ्कलन गरेका प्राथमिक गुणात्मक सूचना र विभिन्न अध्ययन अनुसन्धानलाई सन्दर्भ सामग्रीको रूपमा प्रयोग गरी ती असमानताहरूलाई विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । सिकाइ उपलब्धिमा विभिन्नखाले असमानताहरू विद्यमान रहेका छन् । ती असमानताहरूलाई न्यूनीकरण गर्न कक्षाकोठामा आधारित परीक्षालाई प्रभावकारी बनाउन आवश्यक छ । यसका लागि शिक्षक क्षमता विकास र परीक्षाका अभ्यासका लागि विद्यालयको स्वायत्तामा जोड दिनु आवश्यक हुन्छ ।