bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EXAMPLE OF USING INTENSITY ORTHOIMAGES IN TLS DATA REGISTRATION – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Markiewicz J. S.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The paper presents the orientation analysis of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data. In the proposed data processing methodology, point clouds are considered as panoramic images and orthoimages enriched by depth maps. Computer vision (CV) algorithms were used for the orientation; they were applied to test the correctness of the detection of tie points, as well as the accuracy, number and point distribution. For the source data, point clouds acquired from the terrestrial laser scanner Z+F 50063h for the two chambers in the Museum of King John III’s Palace in Wilanów were utilized.
CLOSE RANGE UAV ACCURATE RECORDING AND MODELING OF
ST-PIERRE-LE-JEUNE NEO-ROMANESQUE CHURCH IN STRASBOURG (FRANCE)
Authors: Murtiyoso A. , Grussenmeyer P. , Freville T.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Close-range photogrammetry is an image-based technique which has often been used for the 3D documentation of heritage objects. Recently, advances in the field of image processing and UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) have resulted in a renewed interest in this technique. However, commercially ready-to-use UAVs are often equipped with smaller sensors in order to minimize payload and the quality of the documentation is still an issue. In this research, two commercial UAVs (the Sensefly Albris and DJI Phantom 3 Professional) were setup to record the 19th century St-Pierre-le-Jeune church in Strasbourg, France. Several software solutions (commercial and open source) were used to compare both UAVs’ images in terms of calibration, accuracy of external orientation, as well as dense matching. Results show some instability in regards to the calibration of Phantom 3, while the Albris had issues regarding its aerotriangulation results. Despite these shortcomings, both UAVs succeeded in producing dense point clouds of up to a few centimeters in accuracy, which is largely sufficient for the purposes of a city 3D GIS (Geographical Information System). The acquisition of close range images using UAVs also provides greater LoD flexibility in processing. These advantages over other methods such as the TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) or terrestrial close range photogrammetry can be exploited in order for these techniques to complement each other.
IMPROVING GOOGLE'S CARTOGRAPHER 3D MAPPING BY CONTINUOUS-TIME
SLAM
Authors: Nüchter A. , Bleier M. , Schauer J. , Janotta P.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This paper shows how to use the result of Google's SLAM solution, called Cartographer, to bootstrap our continuous-time SLAM algorithm. The presented approach optimizes the consistency of the global point cloud, and thus improves on Google’s results. We use the algorithms and data from Google as input for our continuous-time SLAM software. We also successfully applied our software to a similar backpack system which delivers consistent 3D point clouds even in absence of an IMU.
FOLK DANCE PATTERN RECOGNITION OVER DEPTH IMAGES ACQUIRED VIA KINECT SENSOR
Authors: Protopapadakis E. , Grammatikopoulou A. , Doulamis A. , Grammalidis N.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The possibility of accurate recognition of folk dance patterns is investigated in this paper. System inputs are raw skeleton data, provided by a low cost sensor. In particular, data were obtained by monitoring three professional dancers, using a Kinect II sensor. A set of six traditional Greek dances (without their variations) consists the investigated data. A two-step process was adopted. At first, the most descriptive skeleton data were selected using a combination of density based and sparse modelling algorithms. Then, the representative data served as training set for a variety of classifiers.
AUGUSTO'S SUNDIAL: IMAGE-BASED MODELING FOR REVERSE ENGENEERING PURPOSES
Authors: Baiocchi V. , Barbarella M. , Del Pizzo S. , Giannone F. , Troisi S. , Piccaro C. , Marcantonio D.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A photogrammetric survey of a unique archaeological site is reported in this paper. The survey was performed using both a panoramic image-based solution and by classical procedure. The panoramic image-based solution was carried out employing a commercial solution: the Trimble V10 Imaging Rover (IR). Such instrument is an integrated cameras system that captures 360 degrees digital panoramas, composed of 12 images, with a single push. The direct comparison of the point clouds obtained with traditional photogrammetric procedure and V10 stations, using the same GCP coordinates has been carried out in Cloud Compare, open source software that can provide the comparison between two point clouds supplied by all the main statistical data. The site is a portion of the dial plate of the “Horologium Augusti” inaugurated in 9 B.C.E. in the area of Campo Marzio and still present intact in the same position, in a cellar of a building in Rome, around 7 meter below the present ground level.
INTEGRATION OF POINT CLOUDS DATASET FROM DIFFERENT SENSORS
Authors: Che Ku Abdullah C. K. A. F. , Baharuddin N. Z. S. , Ariff M. F. M. , Majid Z. , Lau C. L. , Yusoff A. R. , Idris K. M. , Aspuri A.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Laser Scanner technology become an option in the process of collecting data nowadays. It is composed of Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) and Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). ALS like Phoenix AL3-32 can provide accurate information from the viewpoint of rooftop while TLS as Leica C10 can provide complete data for building facade. However if both are integrated, it is able to produce more accurate data. The focus of this study is to integrate both types of data acquisition of ALS and TLS and determine the accuracy of the data obtained. The final results acquired will be used to generate models of three-dimensional (3D) buildings. The scope of this study is focusing on data acquisition of UTM Eco-home through laser scanning methods such as ALS which scanning on the roof and the TLS which scanning on building façade. Both device is used to ensure that no part of the building that are not scanned. In data integration process, both are registered by the selected points among the manmade features which are clearly visible in Cyclone 7.3 software. The accuracy of integrated data is determined based on the accuracy assessment which is carried out using man-made registration methods. The result of integration process can achieve below 0.04m. This integrated data then are used to generate a 3D model of UTM Eco-home building using SketchUp software. In conclusion, the combination of the data acquisition integration between ALS and TLS would produce the accurate integrated data and able to use for generate a 3D model of UTM eco-home. For visualization purposes, the 3D building model which generated is prepared in Level of Detail 3 (LOD3) which recommended by City Geographic Mark-Up Language (CityGML).
Motivational Orientations and Variables of Korean Learners
Authors: Oh Kyoungwon , Cheon Sang Yee
Published: February 2017

Learners' motivation is one of the most significant factors in successful language learning. Learners' motivation of learning a second language (L2) has been researched in depth since the 1960s, and there have been several studies examining the motivational orientations (MOs) of Korean learners. The present study investigates Korean learners' MOs according to different learner variables. First, the statistical results show that the most important variable for learners of Korean is major. Korean-major participants showed stronger motivation than their non-Korean-major counterparts. This may have been closely related to the program they are in as most of the participants are Korean Flagship majors. Second, the heritage language (HL) variable did not show a significant effect on the MOs. This lack of influence of the HL variable on learners' motivations is probably due to the socio-environmental uniqueness of the state of Hawaii, where Koreans are not a real ethnic minority. Thus, learners' MOs for learning Korean in order to confirm their identity may not have been as strong as learners on the U.S. mainland. Lastly, the increased instrumental MO shown in higher level learners is clearly based on practical reasons.
Exclusives, equatives and prosodic phrases in Samoan
Authors: Calhoun Sasha
Published: February 2017

This paper investigates the functions of prosodic phrasing in the Austronesian VSO language Samoan. Two types of sentences are investigated, exclusives (involving the particle na’o ‘only’) and equatives. Two complementary methodologies were used, a production study and an acceptability judgment study, to examine the prosodic realisation and relative naturalness of different word orderings of the two sentence types. The particle na’o has an unusual distribution: preceding the initial constituent, be it the verb or a fronted noun phrase; or following the verb, but only modifying the absolutive (object). It was found that post-verbal absolutives modified by na’o are usually not preceded by a phrase boundary, unlike unmodified absolutives which are consistently preceded by a high phrase tone (H-) (cf. Yu 2009). Equatives in Samoan involve clauses which are the juxtaposition of two noun phrases, one the rheme (focus) and the other the theme (topic). It was found that rhemes are usually followed by a phrase break, while for themes this is optional. Rheme-theme order was strongly preferred to theme-rheme order. These findings are argued to show a close relationship between information structure, constituent ordering and prosodic phrasing in Samoan. The preferred order of constituents in Samoan is rheme-theme, with a high phrase tone marking the end of the rheme. The absolutive argument is strongly preferred to be at the start of the theme. This article is part of the Special Collection: Prosody and constituent structure
Planejamento Estratégico como ferramenta para gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica em uma Farmácia Básica de um Município do Estado do Paraná
Authors: KOCH Daeska , CZEPULA Alexandra Ingrid dos Santos
Published: February 2017

Com a publicação da Política Nacional de Assistência Farmacêutica (PNAF) em 2004, a estruturação da Assistência Farmacêutica (AF), tem se tornado um dos grandes desafios para os gestores e profissionais da Atenção Básica (AB) em Saúde no Brasil, principalmente por ser necessário uma reorientação, com mudança no modelo de organização e na forma de gerenciamento. Assim, o presente estudo, descreve e analisa através de um relato de experiência, o processo de construção e desenvolvimento de um plano operativo (PO) da AF em uma Farmácia localizada em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde no Estado do Paraná, com o principal objetivo de contribuir, através da criação de um grupo de farmacêuticos da atenção básica no município, para o desenvolvimento de protocolos de assistência farmacêutica. O PO foi elaborado para o enfrentamento de um problema priorizado utilizando-se como base o método do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES) de Carlos Matus. O desenvolvimento do PO foi caracterizado por quatro momentos: explicativo, normativo, estratégico e o tático-operacional. Com a implantação do PO, verificou-se que o PES apresentou um grande potencial de contribuição para a organização e avanço da AF no município estudado. A criação do grupo de farmacêuticos no município, favoreceu a troca de ideias e a união desses profissionais da atenção básica, que buscam principalmente pela melhoria do serviço de dispensação, contribuindo para o fortalecimento e desenvolvimento de uma AF efetiva e de qualidade.
Enfermagem como uma ciência humana centrada no cuidado
Authors: Melo Lucas Pereira de
Published: February 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir la relación entre cuidado y cultura para construir una perspectiva de enfermería como ciencia humana centrada en los cuidados. Se trata de un análisis teórico de reflexión sobre los conceptos de cuidado y cultura y sus implicaciones ontológicas y epistemológicas para enfermería. Se comienza con la definición de cuidado y con la discusión de sus dimensiones en el marco de la teoría de la diversidad y universalidad de los cuidados culturales de Madeleine Leininger, de la teoría de cuidados transpersonales de Jean Watson y del concepto antropológico de cultura. Luego se muestra que enfermería es una ciencia humana dada la naturaleza de su objeto central: los cuidados. Llegamos a la conclusión que es necesario defender la perspectiva de enfermería como una ciencia humana, dada la naturaleza de su dominio central y unificador: los cuidados.
Crenças, valores e atitudes dos familiares conviventes com pacientes coronariopatas
Authors: Coelho Aluê Constantino , Barros Alba Lucia Bottura Leite de , Matheus Maria Clara Cassuli , Domingues Tânia Arena Moreira
Published: February 2017

La elevada incidencia y prevalencia de la enfermedad coronaria en Brasil y en el mundo es evidente. El concepto de salud y enfermedad influye en las actitudes y comportamientos de los individuos en el proceso de salud-enfermedad y afecta el rendimiento y desarrollo del núcleo familiar. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las creencias, valores y actitudes de familiares que conviven con pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo de la enfermedad arterial coronaria. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo transversal realizado en un hospital universitario. La muestra estaba compuesta por nueve familiares. Los datos fueron recogidos en entrevistas semiestructuradas a través de instrumentos con preguntas preparadas en base a los supuestos del marco teórico según el Modelo de Creencias en Salud. Los familiares tenían entre 26 y 66 años. Las categorías "susceptibilidad", "gravedad", "beneficios" y "barreras" percibidas derivadas del modelo Creencias en Salud, así como la categoría "concienciación y cambio", mostraron que los familiares tienen conocimiento sobre los aspectos de prevención y control de las consecuencias de la enfermedad cardíaca coronaria. Sin embargo, las creencias y valores adquiridos durante toda la vida, influenciados por el contexto cultural, social, económico y emocional de la familia interfieren con los comportamientos preventivos de la enfermedad y promotores de la salud. A pesar del conocimiento que los familiares tienen sobre la enfermedad, los enfermeros precisan adecuar el proceso educativo para minimizar los conflictos resultantes de las creencias, valores y contexto familiar para facilitar y promover la incorporación de nuevos hábitos.
Fatores político-ideológicos associados à escolha do modelo de assistência da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira
Authors: Vieira Marcia do Nascimento , Marcolan João Fernando
Published: February 2017

Estudio histórico llevado a cabo con el objetivo de analizar los factores asociados con la elección del centro de atención psicosocial como servicio estructural de la reforma psiquiátrica, según la percepción de los asesores al frente de la salud mental entre 1980 y1990. Se utilizó la metodología de la historia oral. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas y luego se efectuó el análisis temático. La discusión y el análisis se centraron en las políticas de salud mental existentes en dicho período y en la legislación específica. Los resultados mostraron que la percepción de los factores asociados con la elección del modelo sustitutivo estaba vinculada a la creación de la red de relaciones de poder de carácter político partidario. En la red había profesionales de salud mental involucrados con sectores específicos tanto del Movimiento de Lucha Antimanicomial como del Partido de los Trabajadores, con acceso al Ministerio de Salud. Se concluye que los fondos federales y las decisiones políticas fueron fundamentales para la elección del modelo de atención.
Aprendizagem experiencial e criação do conhecimento
Authors: Ruoff Andriela Backes , Kahl Carolina , Oliveira Saionara Nunes de , Melo Laurentina Vanderleia de , Andrade Selma Regina de , Prado Marta Lenise do
Published: February 2017

Los enfermeros toman decisiones constantemente y, por lo tanto, se valen permanentemente del aprendizaje y del conocimiento. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las posibilidades de aplicar las teorías del aprendizaje experiencial y de la creación de conocimiento en la práctica profesional de los enfermeros. Se trata de un estudio de reflexión sobre la aplicación de las dos teorías en la práctica de enfermería, reconociendo sus especificidades y semejanzas. Se observó que la teoría del aprendizaje experiencial se refiere a las formas individuales de adquisición de conocimientos y la teoría de la creación de conocimiento se refiere a cómo se crean los significados y se construye el conocimiento dentro de las organizaciones. Aunque sean específicas a ciertas situaciones muestran semejanzas y ambas son útiles para la práctica profesional de enfermería. Por lo tanto, se llega a la conclusión que la comprensión de los principios de dichas teorías podría favorecer el intercambio de experiencias y promover la innovación y la mejora de la práctica de los cuidados de enfermería.
Percepções e necessidades dos familiares de pacientes internados em uma unidade cardiológica intensiva
Authors: Camponogara Silviamar , Santos Tanise Martins dos , Rodrigues Isabela Lencina , Amaro Daniele de Almeida dos Santos , Winderlich Monike Moniz Bevilacqua Turra
Published: February 2017

Objetivo: conocer la percepción y las necesidades de familiares de pacientes internados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos cardiológicos. Métodos: investigación descriptiva de enfoque cualitativo realizada con 10 familiares de pacientes internados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos cardiológicos de un hospital universitario de Rio Grande do Sul. Aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la institución el 11 de octubre de 2011 bajo dictamen nº23081.013113/2011-89. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo entre noviembre de 2011 y abril de 2012, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas analizadas según el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: los hallazgos se agruparon en dos categorías, destacándose los sentimientos ambiguos, la vivencia de un momento singular de desamparo y de creencia. Además, se evidencian, como principales necesidades: considerar la importancia de la acogida de los familiares, adecuar los horarios de visita, mejorar la comunicación con el equipo de salud y proporcionar información precisa a los familiares. Conclusión: el equipo multiprofesional debe considerar el binomio paciente-familiar en sus actividades en el contexto de la unidad de cuidados intensivos cardiológicos e implementar estrategias de acogida que permitan humanizar la atención y optimar la recuperación de los pacientes.
Los edificios de las bibliotecas públicas en los programas electorales (Castilla-La Mancha, 2007-2015)
Authors: Gallo León José Pablo , Marín Jiménez María Dolores , Gómez-Hernández José-Antonio
Published: February 2017

Se analizan las propuestas sobre edificios e instalaciones de las bibliotecas presentes en los programas con que los partidos políticos participaron en las elecciones de Castilla-La Mancha durante el periodo de la crisis económica, con el fin de evaluar cómo reflejan el interés social por las mismas. A pesar de la desmaterialización digital de los servicios bibliotecarios en el actual entorno híbrido, la proyección de la biblioteca pública como un servicio a la sociedad requiere de una presencialidad física que dé soporte a su actual papel como ágora, punto de intercambio socio-intelectual y de formación de la comunidad a la que sirve. Esto debería verse traducido en un interés social por los espacios bibliotecarios que puede ser testado a través de su presencia en los programas electorales, donde se ven reflejados los temas que conforman la agenda política. Concluimos que ha habido un cambio de tendencia, priorizando la reforma y aseguramiento de la apertura de los centros frente a la construcción de nuevas bibliotecas. Igualmente, se comprueba que los programas presentan una visión muy tradicional de los servicios presenciales
Introduction
Authors: Trosborg Anna , Zethsen Karen Korning
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Compasses, beauty queens and other PCs: Pictorial metaphors in computer advertisements
Authors: Forceville Charles
Published: February 2017

Computer advertisements make extensive use of pictorial metaphors. The model pro-posed in Forceville (1996) is used as a starting point to analyze 27 advertisements in PC Magazine, July/August 1999 (American edition) that contain a pictorial metaphor. The aim is twofold: (1) to further contribute to the theory of pictorial metaphor by testing the model against a new corpus; (2) to make an inventory of the source domains used in the metaphors,andtherebytomakesome observations about the ways in which represen-tations of computer technology interact with our daily lives.
Berge, Coppock, Maagerø (red.): Å skape mening med språk. En samling artikler av M.A.K. Halliday, R. Hasan og J.R. Martin. Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk Forlag as, 1998
Authors: Askehave Inger , Ditlevsen Marianne Grove
Published: February 2017

The aim of this review article is to evaluate and discuss the above collection of syste-mic functional articles – translated into Norwegian and edited by Berge, Coppock and Maagerø. Furthermore, the article introduces the core concepts of SFL and provides an overview of the use of SFL in a Danish context.
Une théorie de l’agence des régimes complémentaires de retraite
Authors: Mignault Patrick
Published: February 2017

Au Québec, les régimes de retraite d’employeur, enregistrés sous la Loi sur les régimes complémentaires de retraite, sont administrés par des comités de retraite, à titre de fiduciaires, composés de représentants des parties prenantes au régime, soit l’employeur, les participants et les bénéficiaires. Dans cet article, ces régimes de retraite sont présentés comme un carrefour de contrats marqués par une relation d’agence fondamentale entre le comité de retraite (l’agent), l’employeur, ainsi que les participants et les bénéficiaires (les principaux).

Cette relation d’agence, dite multiple, soulève des problèmes de transfert de risque dans les régimes à prestations déterminées. Il en ressort que lorsque l’employeur se retrouve en situation de détresse financière, s’il jouit d’une représentation majoritaire sur le comité de retraite, une politique de placement à haut risque peut être mise en place pour diminuer ses cotisations au régime. En cas de déficit de régime, un transfert de risque s’opère lorsque l’employeur ne détient pas les fonds suffisants pour combler la valeur manquante pour répondre à sa promesse de rente.

Cette relation d’agence met aussi de l’avant des problèmes de surveillance et de contrôle dont l’ampleur varie avec le type de régime (prestations ou cotisations déterminées). Les participants et les bénéficiaires, bien qu’ils aient un intérêt significatif et constant dans la gestion de la caisse de retraite, ne sont assurés, en vertu de la loi, que d’une représentation minimale sur le comité de retraite. Si cette représentation s’avère insuffisante, la composition de ce comité constitue une condition de travail sujette à la négociation du contrat de travail ou de la convention collective. Compte tenu de la concentration des pouvoirs entre les mains du fiduciaire, peu de place est autrement laissée à la participation des participants et bénéficiaires dans le processus décisionnel.
Employment and Problems in Turkish Aquaculture Industry
Authors: Yilmaz Mesut , Yilmaz Serpil
Published: February 2017

Technical staff employment at fish farms is regulated by legislations and circulars in Turkey. However, it is frequently observed that those rules are not followed. This study deals with the resources of aquaculture production in Turkey and the actual employment situation in this area. Besides, current and ideal employees’ numbers were compared and current and ideal aquaculture engineers’ numbers in aquaculture industry were quoted. In this context, actual production, costs and fixed capital investment and sales over the last decade were assessed in relation to employment. The conclusion is that the employment problems related to the qualified workers will continue to increase in the coming years.
NOVI PRILAZ ODREĐIVANJU MINIMALNE ZAPREMINE REZERVOARA ZA KOMPRIMOVANI VAZDUH
Authors: Perušić Mitar , Pejović Branko , Filipović Radislav , Smiljanić Milenko , Radić Mirko
Published: February 2017

U radu je, na osnovu relacije za maksimalan rad kod zatvorenih termodinamičkih sistema, izvedenopšti model za određivanje minimalne zapremine rezervoara za komprimovani vazduh. S obzirom,da u posmatranom sistemu postoji mehanička i termodinamička neravnoteža, ispunjeni su uslovi zadobijanje maksimalnog rada. Dobijena relacija, koja predstalja novi model, može se direktnokoristiti u tehničkoj praksi za slučaj da su poznati parametri koji definišu početno stanje urezervoaru, parametri okoline, kao i energija koju je potrebno dobiti od komprimovanog vazduha.Radi potpunijeg predstavljanja posmatranog procesa, isti je predstavljen u radnom p-v i toplotnomT-s dijagramu. Pored analitičkog, u radu je predstvljeno i grafičko rešenje postavljenog problema,koje može poslužiti i za kontrolu dobijenih rezultata. Takođe, ilustrovana je primena izvedenogmodela na praktičnom primeru, gdje je određena minimalna zapremina sfernog rezervoara u kojemse nalazi vazduh.
Plasmodium falciparum ligand binding to erythrocytes induce alterations in deformability essential for invasion
Authors: Sisquella Xavier , Nebl Thomas , Thompson Jennifer K , Whitehead Lachlan , Malpede Brian M , Salinas Nichole D , Rogers Kelly , Tolia Niraj H , Fleig Andrea , O’Neill Joseph , Tham Wai-Hong , David Horgen F , Cowman Alan F
Published: February 2017

The most lethal form of malaria in humans is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. These parasites invade erythrocytes, a complex process involving multiple ligand-receptor interactions. The parasite makes initial contact with the erythrocyte followed by dramatic deformations linked to the function of the Erythrocyte binding antigen family and P. falciparum reticulocyte binding-like families. We show EBA-175 mediates substantial changes in the deformability of erythrocytes by binding to glycophorin A and activating a phosphorylation cascade that includes erythrocyte cytoskeletal proteins resulting in changes in the viscoelastic properties of the host cell. TRPM7 kinase inhibitors FTY720 and waixenicin A block the changes in the deformability of erythrocytes and inhibit merozoite invasion by directly inhibiting the phosphorylation cascade. Therefore, binding of P. falciparum parasites to the erythrocyte directly activate a signaling pathway through a phosphorylation cascade and this alters the viscoelastic properties of the host membrane conditioning it for successful invasion.
Single-molecule FRET unveils induced-fit mechanism for substrate selectivity in flap endonuclease 1
Authors: Rashid Fahad , Harris Paul D , Zaher Manal S , Sobhy Mohamed A , Joudeh Luay I , Yan Chunli , Piwonski Hubert , Tsutakawa Susan E , Ivanov Ivaylo , Tainer John A , Habuchi Satoshi , Hamdan Samir M
Published: February 2017

Human flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) and related structure-specific 5’nucleases precisely identify and incise aberrant DNA structures during replication, repair and recombination to avoid genomic instability. Yet, it is unclear how the 5’nuclease mechanisms of DNA distortion and protein ordering robustly mediate efficient and accurate substrate recognition and catalytic selectivity. Here, single-molecule sub-millisecond and millisecond analyses of FEN1 reveal a protein-DNA induced-fit mechanism that efficiently verifies substrate and suppresses off-target cleavage. FEN1 sculpts DNA with diffusion-limited kinetics to test DNA substrate. This DNA distortion mutually ‘locks’ protein and DNA conformation and enables substrate verification with extreme precision. Strikingly, FEN1 never misses cleavage of its cognate substrate while blocking probable formation of catalytically competent interactions with noncognate substrates and fostering their pre-incision dissociation. These findings establish FEN1 has practically perfect precision and that separate control of induced-fit substrate recognition sets up the catalytic selectivity of the nuclease active site for genome stability.
Bottom-up and top-down computations in word- and face-selective cortex
Authors: Kay Kendrick N , Yeatman Jason D
Published: February 2017

The ability to read a page of text or recognize a person's face depends on category-selective visual regions in ventral temporal cortex (VTC). To understand how these regions mediate word and face recognition, it is necessary to characterize how stimuli are represented and how this representation is used in the execution of a cognitive task. Here, we show that the response of a category-selective region in VTC can be computed as the degree to which the low-level properties of the stimulus match a category template. Moreover, we show that during execution of a task, the bottom-up representation is scaled by the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and that the level of IPS engagement reflects the cognitive demands of the task. These results provide an account of neural processing in VTC in the form of a model that addresses both bottom-up and top-down effects and quantitatively predicts VTC responses.
Transient oxytocin signaling primes the development and function of excitatory hippocampal neurons
Authors: Ripamonti Silvia , Ambrozkiewicz Mateusz C , Guzzi Francesca , Gravati Marta , Biella Gerardo , Bormuth Ingo , Hammer Matthieu , Tuffy Liam P , Sigler Albrecht , Kawabe Hiroshi , Nishimori Katsuhiko , Toselli Mauro , Brose Nils , Parenti Marco , Rhee JeongSeop
Published: February 2017

Beyond its role in parturition and lactation, oxytocin influences higher brain processes that control social behavior of mammals, and perturbed oxytocin signaling has been linked to the pathogenesis of several psychiatric disorders. However, it is still largely unknown how oxytocin exactly regulates neuronal function. We show that early, transient oxytocin exposure in vitro inhibits the development of hippocampal glutamatergic neurons, leading to reduced dendrite complexity, synapse density, and excitatory transmission, while sparing GABAergic neurons. Conversely, genetic elimination of oxytocin receptors increases the expression of protein components of excitatory synapses and excitatory synaptic transmission in vitro. In vivo, oxytocin-receptor-deficient hippocampal pyramidal neurons develop more complex dendrites, which leads to increased spine number and reduced γ-oscillations. These results indicate that oxytocin controls the development of hippocampal excitatory neurons and contributes to the maintenance of a physiological excitation/inhibition balance, whose disruption can cause neurobehavioral disturbances.
Effectiveness of removals of the invasive lionfish: how many dives are needed to deplete a reef?
Authors: Usseglio Paolo , Selwyn Jason D. , Downey-Wall Alan M. , Hogan J. Derek
Published: February 2017

Introduced Indo-Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) have spread throughout the greater Caribbean and are associated with a number of negative impacts on reef ecosystems. Human interventions, in the form of culling activities, are becoming common to reduce their numbers and mitigate the negative effects associated with the invasion. However, marine managers must often decide how to best allocate limited resources. Previous work has identified the population size thresholds needed to limit the negative impacts of lionfish. Here we develop a framework that allows managers to predict the removal effort required to achieve specific targets (represented as the percent of lionfish remaining on the reef). We found an important trade-off between time spent removing and achieving an increasingly smaller lionfish density. The model used in our suggested framework requires relatively little data to parameterize, allowing its use with already existing data, permitting managers to tailor their culling strategy to maximize efficiency and rate of success.
Effects of shepherds and dogs on livestock depredation by leopards (Panthera pardus) in north-eastern Iran
Authors: Khorozyan Igor , Soofi Mahmood , Soufi Mobin , Hamidi Amirhossein Khaleghi , Ghoddousi Arash , Waltert Matthias
Published: February 2017

Human-carnivore conflicts over livestock depredation are increasingly common, yet little is understood about the role of husbandry in conflict mitigation. As shepherds and guarding dogs are most commonly used to curb carnivore attacks on grazing livestock, evaluation and improvement of these practices becomes an important task. We addressed this issue by studying individual leopard (Panthera pardus) attacks on sheep and goats in 34 villages near Golestan National Park, Iran. We obtained and analyzed data on 39 attacks, which included a total loss of 31 sheep and 36 goats in 17 villages. We applied non-parametric testing, Poisson Generalized Linear Modelling (GLM) and model selection to assess how numbers of sheep and goats killed per attack are associated with the presence and absence of shepherds and dogs during attacks, depredation in previous years, villages, seasons, ethnic groups, numbers of sheep and goats kept in villages, and distances from villages to the nearest protected areas. We found that 95.5% of losses were inflicted in forests when sheep and goats were accompanied by shepherds (92.5% of losses) and dogs (77.6%). Leopards tended to kill more sheep and goats per attack (surplus killing) when dogs were absent in villages distant from protected areas, but still inflicted most losses when dogs were present, mainly in villages near protected areas. No other variables affected numbers of sheep and goats killed per attack. These results indicate that local husbandry practices are ineffectual and the mere presence of shepherds and guarding dogs is not enough to secure protection. Shepherds witnessed leopard attacks, but could not deter them while dogs did not exhibit guarding behavior and were sometimes killed by leopards. In an attempt to make practical, low-cost and socially acceptable improvements in local husbandry, we suggest that dogs are raised to create a strong social bond with livestock, shepherds use only best available dogs, small flocks are aggregated into larger ones and available shepherds herd these larger flocks together. Use of deterrents and avoidance of areas close to Golestan and in central, core areas of neighboring protected areas is also essential to keep losses down.
High Temperature‐Stable Perovskite Solar Cell Based on Low‐Cost Carbon Nanotube Hole Contact
Authors: Aitola Kerttu , Domanski Konrad , Correa‐Baena Juan‐Pablo , Sveinbjörnsson Kári , Saliba Michael , Abate Antonio , Grätzel Michael , Kauppinen Esko , Johansson Erik M. J. , Tress Wolfgang , Hagfeldt Anders , Boschloo Gerrit
Published: February 2017

Mixed ion perovskite solar cells (PSC) are manufactured with a metal‐free hole contact based on press‐transferred single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film infiltrated with 2,2,7,‐7‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,90‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD). By means of maximum power point tracking, their stabilities are compared with those of standard PSCs employing spin‐coated Spiro‐OMeTAD and a thermally evaporated Au back contact, under full 1 sun illumination, at 60 °C, and in a N2 atmosphere. During the 140 h experiment, the solar cells with the Au electrode experience a dramatic, irreversible efficiency loss, rendering them effectively nonoperational, whereas the SWCNT‐contacted devices show only a small linear efficiency loss with an extrapolated lifetime of 580 h.
Influence of Silver Film Quality on the Threshold of Plasmonic Nanowire Lasers
Authors: Yu Haichao , Sidiropoulos Themistoklis P. H. , Liu Wei , Ronning Carsten , Petrov Peter K. , Oh Sang‐Hyun , Maier Stefan A. , Jin Peng , Oulton Rupert F.
Published: February 2017

In recent years, the field of plasmonics has become dependent on the ability to maximize the quality of metal films. In particular, plasmonic lasers will require a metal loss as low as possible in order to minimize their operational threshold if they are to find applications. In this article, the findings of recent studies, which report reduced thresholds in plasmonic lasers incorporating high quality metal films with both ultraflat surfaces and high crystallinity, are reassessed. In particular, the role of deposition rate and substrate temperature on silver film growth for improving the performance of hybrid plasmonic zinc oxide nanowire lasers is studied. High substrate temperatures and high deposition rates allow near‐epitaxial silver growth on mica. Even though a 2 fold reduction in metal loss for the cystalline films is demonstrated, the presented plasmonic lasers show only a modest reduction in threshold, compared to noncrystalline films. This finding is consistent with our observation that the plasmonic cavity loss is comparable to the absorption of the unexcited semiconductor. Laser threshold is thus only partially dependent on reducing metal film loss. This work increases the fundamental understanding of metal film quality in plasmonics and gives new insights into the threshold characteristics of metal‐based lasers.
Phosphorbisylid: Eine neue Klasse von Superbasen mit zwei superbasischen Kohlenstoffatomen in räumlicher Nähe
Authors: Kögel Julius F. , Margetić Davor , Xie Xiulan , Finger Lars H. , Sundermeyer Jörg
Published: February 2017

Wir präsentieren die erste Superbase, MHPN, mit zwei wechselwirkenden Phosphorylidfunktionalitäten. Anders als klassische Protonenschwämme weist diese neuartige Verbindungsklasse zwei Kohlenstoffatome als Basizitätszentren auf, die durch ein Naphthalinrückgrat in räumliche Nähe gezwungen werden. Das Bisylid zeigt einen experimentellen pKBH+‐Wert von 33.3±0.2 auf der Acetonitrilskala und eine theoretische Protonenaffinität in der Gasphase von 277.9 kcal mol−1 (M062X/6‐311+G**//M062X/6‐31G*+ZPVE). Dieser Wert ist um 15 kcal mol−1 höher als für das entsprechende Monoylid. Der Ursprung der ungewöhnlich hohen Basizität von MHPN wurde mit NMR‐spektroskopischen Methoden, Kristallstrukturanalysen und theoretischen Berechnungen untersucht, wobei ein schneller Austausch des “aciden” Protons zwischen den beiden basischen Kohlenstoffatomen eine große Rolle spielt.
Three‐dimensional printing of X‐ray computed tomography datasets with multiple materials using open‐source data processing
Authors: Sander Ian M. , McGoldrick Matthew T. , Helms My N. , Betts Aislinn , van Avermaete Anthony , Owers Elizabeth , Doney Evan , Liepert Taimi , Niebur Glen , Liepert Douglas , Leevy W. Matthew
Published: February 2017

Advances in three‐dimensional (3D) printing allow for digital files to be turned into a “printed” physical product. For example, complex anatomical models derived from clinical or pre‐clinical X‐ray computed tomography (CT) data of patients or research specimens can be constructed using various printable materials. Although 3D printing has the potential to advance learning, many academic programs have been slow to adopt its use in the classroom despite increased availability of the equipment and digital databases already established for educational use. Herein, a protocol is reported for the production of enlarged bone core and accurate representation of human sinus passages in a 3D printed format using entirely consumer‐grade printers and a combination of free‐software platforms. The comparative resolutions of three surface rendering programs were also determined using the sinuses, a human body, and a human wrist data files to compare the abilities of different software available for surface map generation of biomedical data. Data shows that 3D Slicer provided highest compatibility and surface resolution for anatomical 3D printing. Generated surface maps were then 3D printed via fused deposition modeling (FDM printing). In conclusion, a methodological approach that explains the production of anatomical models using entirely consumer‐grade, fused deposition modeling machines, and a combination of free software platforms is presented in this report. The methods outlined will facilitate the incorporation of 3D printed anatomical models in the classroom. Anat Sci Educ 10: 383–391. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
Approaches to enhance the teaching quality of experimental biochemistry for MBBS students in TSMU, China
Authors: Yu Lijuan , Yi Shuying , Zhai Jing , Wang Zhaojin
Published: February 2017

With the internationalization of medical education in China, the importance of international students’ education in medical schools is also increasing. Except foreign students majoring in Chinese language, English Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBSS) students are the largest group of international students. Based on problems in the teaching process for experimental biochemistry, we designed teaching models adapted to the background of international students and strengthened teachers’ teaching ability at Taishan Medical University. Several approaches were used in combination to promote teaching effects and increase the benefit of teaching to teachers. The primary data showed an increased passion for basic medical biochemistry and an improved theoretical background for MBSS students, which will be helpful for their later clinical medicine studies. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(4):360–364, 2017.
Irritability in youth caused by reward‐, threat‐system dysfunction: New paradigm
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2017

Pathological irritability is one of the main reasons children and adolescents seek psychiatric care, but there are few treatments that work.
Choroidal metastasis from granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐producing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Fukuda Shuichi , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Mishima Hiroshi , Wakasa Tomoko , Hanamoto Hitoshi , Inoue Keisuke , Kitani Kotaro , Ishikawa Hajime , Tsujie Masanori , Yukawa Masao , Okajima Kaoru , Ohta Yoshio , Inoue Masatoshi
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical Message

Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐producing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is rare. Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive disease and often spreads hematogenously; however, choroidal metastases are rarely seen. This report detailed an extremely rare case of G‐CSF‐producing ESCC with choroidal metastasis.
Chemical and Photochemical Water Oxidation by [RuCl(NCNHCO)(DMSO)(py)]‐Type Complexes
Authors: Su Wei , Younus Hussein A. , Chaemchuen Somboon , Chen Cheng , Verpoort Francis
Published: February 2017

In this work, the effects of substitutions in the backbone of imidazolylidene and axial ligands on the reactivity and stability of water‐oxidation catalysts were investigated. Three pincer‐type asymmetric imidazolium salts NCNHCO, NCNHC‐4BrO, and NCNHC‐BO (NHC: N‐heterocyclic carbene), of which the donating ability of the corresponding imidazolylidene decreases in the same sequence, were prepared. Their application in metalation afforded the corresponding Ru complexes 1 a, 1 b, 2, and 3. It was found that the complexes incorporating the stronger donor displayed lower potential for each redox couple and longer lifetimes, but relatively low reaction rates. Under acidic conditions, water oxidation driven by cerium ammonium nitrate resulted in turnover numbers (TONs) of 2322, 1728, 1928, and 2208 for 1 a, 1 b, 2, and 3, respectively. Complex 2 exhibited a good match of reactivity and stability with a TON of 136 in a typical three‐component photocatalysis. Importantly, NHCs could be another powerful tool for tuning the reactivity and stability of water‐oxidation catalysts, in addition to substituted pyridines. Rational orchestration of modified NHCs and pyridines could eventually result in water‐oxidation catalysts exhibiting appreciable effectiveness and considerable robustness.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Monoarylation of Aryl C−H Bonds with Iodoarenes
Authors: Su Li , Guo Dong‐Dong , Li Bin , Guo Shi‐Huan , Pan Gao‐Fei , Gao Ya‐Ru , Wang Yong‐Qiang
Published: February 2017

The transition‐metal‐catalyzed direct arylation of nonactivated aryl C−H bonds with iodoarenes has emerged as an important method for the construction of biaryls. Generally, the direct arylation reaction proceeds in the presence of stoichiometric Ag additives; moreover, the diarylation product is often unavoidable if there are two identical aromatic C−H bonds in the substrate. Herein we disclose an efficient Pd(OAc)2/trifluoroacetic acid/O2 catalytic system that promotes direct arylation reactions of a variety of aromatic C−H bonds with diverse iodoarenes under Ag‐free conditions. The coupling reaction possesses a complete monoarylation selectivity. This approach provides a straightforward, facile, and economical route to biaryls.
Integrated approach for the eco design of a new process through the life cycle analysis of olive oil: Total use of olive by‐products
Authors: Guermazi Zina , Gharsallaoui Mariem , Perri Enzo , Gabsi Slimane , Benincasa Cinzia
Published: February 2017

The disposal of waste is one of the main problems faced by the majority of the olive growing agribusiness: olive oil by‐products require specific management. In this work, the result of life cycle analysis shows that the major problem is related to the management of mill waste water. The formation of compost from the depleted pomace is bound to the emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, the traditional way of waste recovery is no longer the best alternative. In this context, we propose a complete process for total use of olive by‐products during the process of olive oil extraction. The project presents a pulp olive oil rich in natural antioxidants, stone olive oil for cosmetic application and an olive paste with a smoky taste for food consumption. The proposed system contributes to lower the environmental impact, improve the quality of the oil, and promote the development of new and useful by‐products.

Practical applications: A new facility composed of a destoner and a two phase extraction system is proposed to improve the working capacity and contribute to lower the environmental impact during all the process of olive oil production. The proposed new system produces, on the one hand, an olive pulp that gives an extra virgin olive oil rich in natural antioxidants and an olive paste with a smoky taste for food consumption, and on the other hand, stones that gives an olive oil for cosmetic application and a raw material to produce energy.

Life cycle analysis of olive oil is used as a tool to design a new production process in olive growing agribusiness for cleaner production. The new facility, composed of a destoner and a two phase extraction system, improves the working capacity and contributes to lower the environmental impact. It produces an olive pulp that gives, on the one hand, an extra virgin olive oil rich in natural antioxidants and an olive paste with a smoky taste for food consumption, and, on the other hand, stones that gives an olive oil for cosmetic application and raw material for producing energy.