bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite-size radiation force correction for inviscid spheres in standing waves
Authors: Marston Philip L.
Published: September 2017

Yosioka and Kawasima gave a widely used approximation for the acoustic radiation force on small liquid spheres surrounded by an immiscible liquid in 1955. Considering the liquids to be inviscid with negligible thermal dissipation, in their approximation the force on the sphere is proportional to the sphere's volume and the levitation position in a vertical standing wave becomes independent of the size. The analysis given here introduces a small correction term proportional to the square of the sphere's radius relative to the aforementioned small-sphere force. The significance of this term also depends on the relative density and sound velocity of the sphere. The improved approximation is supported by comparison with the exact partial-wave-series based radiation force for ideal fluid spheres in ideal fluids.
PAF1 regulation of promoter-proximal pause release via enhancer activation
Authors: Chen Fei Xavier , Xie Peng , Collings Clayton K. , Cao Kaixiang , Aoi Yuki , Marshall Stacy A. , Rendleman Emily J. , Ugarenko Michal , Ozark Patrick A. , Zhang Anda , Shiekhattar Ramin , Smith Edwin R. , Zhang Michael Q. , Shilatifard Ali
Published: September 2017

Multitalented enhancers

Productive transcription from DNA demands initiation, elongation, and termination. Enhancers are DNA sequences that loop with promoters to initiate transcription. Chen
et al.
show that enhancers also regulate gene expression by modulating transcription elongation. PAF1, a RNA polymerase II–associated factor, sits on enhancers. This prevents the full activation of the enhancer required for the release of paused polymerase at promoters to achieve successful transcription elongation.

Science
, this issue p.
1294
Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Lytic Bacteriophage LPST10, Isolated in China
Authors: Dong Xingxing , Huang Chenxi , Morsy Mohamed Khairy , Li Zhi , Zhou Yang , Willias Stephan P. , Abdelnabby Hazem Elewa , Liu Jie , Feng Liping , Wang Xiaohong , Li Jinquan
Published: September 2017

Bacteriophage LPST10 was isolated from Wuhan, China. Lytic activity was demonstrated against multiple
Salmonella enterica
serovars, including
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium strains. This bacteriophage has a 47,657-bp double-stranded DNA genome encoding 87 putative coding sequences.
Whole-Genome Sequence of the 1,4-Dioxane-Degrading Bacterium
Mycobacterium dioxanotrophicus
PH-06
Authors: He Ya , Wei Kangfei , Si Kaiwei , Mathieu Jacques , Li Mengyan , Alvarez Pedro J. J.
Published: September 2017

We report here the complete genome sequence of
Mycobacterium dioxanotrophicus
PH-06, which is capable of using 1,4-dioxane as a sole source of carbon and energy. The reported sequence will enable the elucidation of this novel metabolic pathway and the development of molecular biomarkers to assess bioremediation potential at contaminated sites.
Draft Genome Sequence of Photorhabdus luminescens HIM3 Isolated from an Entomopathogenic Nematode in Agricultural Soils
Authors: Salgado-Morales Rosalba , Rivera-Gómez Nancy , Martínez-Ocampo Fernando , Lozano-Aguirre Beltrán Luis Fernando , Hernández-Mendoza Armando , Dantán-González Edgar
Published: September 2017

In this work, we report the draft genome sequence of
Photorhabdus luminescens
strain HIM3, a symbiotic bacterium associated with the entomopathogenic nematode
Heterorhabditis indica
MOR03, isolated from soil sugarcane in Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico. These bacteria have a G+C content of 42.6% and genome size of 5.47 Mb.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Streptococcus tigurinus Strain osk_001, Isolated from Postmortem Material
Authors: Yoshizawa Hidenori , Motooka Daisuke , Katada Ryuichi , Matsumoto Yuki , Nakamura Shota , Morii Eiichi , Iida Tetsuya , Matsumoto Hiroshi
Published: September 2017

Streptococcus tigurinus
was recently described as a novel species, and some strains are highly virulent. We detected
S. tigurinus
in infected tissue sampled by necropsy. In order to characterize and confirm the virulence of this species, whole-genome sequencing of the pure cultured bacterium was performed. We found that the strain has specific and unique genetic elements contained in highly virulent strains of
S. tigurinus
.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Brucella melitensis Strain QY1, Isolated from Sheep in Gansu, China
Authors: Cao Xiaoan , Li Zhaocai , Lou Zhongzi , Fu Baoquan , Liu Yongsheng , Shang Youjun , Jing Zhizhong , Zhou Jizhang
Published: September 2017

The facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium
Brucella melitensis
causes brucellosis in domestic and wild mammals, and it is a dominant pathogen responsible for human disease. This study reports the whole-genome sequencing of
B. melitensis
strain QY1, isolated from sheep suffering from abortion and arthritis in 2015 in Gansu, China.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Vibrio
sp. Strain 2521-89, a Close Relative of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Lake Water in New Mexico, USA
Authors: Liang Kevin , Orata Fabini D. , Winkjer Nathan S. , Rowe Lori A. , Tarr Cheryl L. , Boucher Yan
Published: September 2017

Vibrio
sp. strain 2521-89 is an environmental isolate from lake water in New Mexico, USA. Average nucleotide identity,
in silico
DNA-DNA hybridization, and core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analysis suggest that this may be a potentially novel species that is closely related to
Vibrio cholerae
.
Massive splenomegaly due to concurrent primary Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infection in a patient on adalimumab
Authors: Ramasamy Barathy Rani , Charles Patrick , Johnson Douglas , Frauman Albert
Published: September 2017

A 32-year-old man who was receiving adalimumab for seronegative rheumatoid arthritis presented with a 4-week history of fever, night sweats, fatigue, myalgias and diarrhoea. On examination, he had obvious splenomegaly but no lymphadenopathy or pharyngitis. Full blood count revealed mild neutropenia and significant lymphocytosis, with a blood film showing atypical lymphocytes. Liver function tests were mildly deranged with a mixed hepatitic and obstructive pattern. Ultrasound confirmed massive splenomegaly with a span of 21 cm in the long axis. Serological tests confirmed the presence of both primary Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections. The patient had his adalimumab withheld, was treated with supportive measures and improved over a period of 8 weeks. He remained well 5 months after the onset of illness with complete normalisation of blood count and a resolution of the splenomegaly.
Early detection of perceived risk among users of a UK travel health website compared with internet search activity and media coverage during the 2015–2016 Zika virus outbreak: an observational study
Authors: Petersen Jakob , Simons Hilary , Patel Dipti , Freedman Joanne
Published: September 2017

Objectives

The Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the Americas in 2015–2016 posed a novel global threat due to the association with congenital malformations and its rapid spread. Timely information about the spread of the disease was paramount to public health bodies issuing travel advisories. This paper looks at the online interaction with a national travel health website during the outbreak and compares this to trends in internet searches and news media output.

Methods

Time trends were created for weekly views of ZIKV-related pages on a UK travel health website, relative search volumes for ‘Zika’ on Google UK, ZIKV-related items aggregated by Google UK News and rank of ZIKV travel advisories among all other pages between 15 November 2015 and 20 August 2016.

Results

Time trends in traffic to the travel health website corresponded with Google searches, but less so with media items due to intense coverage of the Rio Olympics. Travel advisories for pregnant women were issued from 7 December 2015 and began to increase in popularity (rank) from early January 2016, weeks before a surge in interest as measured by Google searches/news items at the end of January 2016.

Conclusions

The study showed an amplification of perceived risk among users of a national travel health website weeks before the initial surge in public interest. This suggests a potential value for tools to detect changes in online information seeking behaviours for predicting periods of high demand where the routine capability of travel health services could be exceeded.
Anterior transversalis fascia approach versus preperitoneal space approach for inguinal hernia repair in residents in northern China: study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Fan Qing , Zhang De-wei , Yang Da-ye , Li Hong-wu , Wei Shi-bo , Yang Liang , Yang Fu-quan , Zhang Shao-jun , Wu Yao-qiang , An Wei-de , Dai Zhong-shu , Jiang Hui-yong , Wang Fu-rong , Qiao Shi-feng , Li Hang-yu
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Many surgical techniques have been used to repair abdominal wall defects in the inguinal region based on the anatomic characteristics of this region and can be categorised as ‘tension’ repair or ‘tension-free’ repair. Tension-free repair is the preferred technique for inguinal hernia repair. Tension-free repair of inguinal hernia can be performed through either the anterior transversalis fascia approach or the preperitoneal space approach. There are few large sample, randomised controlled trials investigating the curative effects of the anterior transversalis fascia approach versus the preperitoneal space approach for inguinal hernia repair in patients in northern China.

Methods and analysis

This will be a prospective, large sample, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial. Registration date is 1 December 2016. Actual study start date is 6 February 2017. Estimated study completion date is June 2020. A cohort of over 720 patients with inguinal hernias will be recruited from nine institutions in Liaoning Province, China. Patient randomisation will be stratified by centre to undergo inguinal hernia repair via the anterior transversalis fascia approach or the preperitoneal approach. Primary and secondary outcome assessments will be performed at baseline (prior to surgery), predischarge and at postoperative 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year and 2 years. The primary outcome is the incidence of postoperative chronic inguinal pain. The secondary outcome is postoperative complications (including rates of wound infection, haematoma, seroma and hernia recurrence).

Ethics and dissemination

This trial will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and supervised by the institutional review board of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University (approval number 2015–027). All patients will receive information about the trial in verbal and written forms and will give informed consent before enrolment. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals or disseminated through conference presentations.

Trial registration number

NCT02984917; preresults.
Risk factors for falls in older patients with cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaotao , Sun Ming , Liu Suyu , Leung Cheuk Hong , Pang Linda , Popat Uday R , Champlin Richard , Holmes Holly M , Valero Vicente , Dinney Colin P , Tripathy Debu , Edwards Beatrice J
Published: September 2017

Objectives

A rising number of patients with cancer are older adults (65 years of age and older), and this proportion will increase to 70% by the year 2020. Falls are a common condition in older adults. We sought to assess the prevalence and risk factors for falls in older patients with cancer.

Methods

This is a single-site, retrospective cohort study. Patients who were receiving cancer care underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessments, including cognitive, functional, nutritional, physical, falls in the prior 6 months and comorbidity assessment. Vitamin D and bone densitometry were performed.

Analysis

Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

A total of 304 patients aged 65 or above were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 78.4±6.9 years. They had haematological, gastrointestinal, urological, breast, lung and gynaecological cancers. A total of 215 patients with available information about falls within the past 6 months were included for final analysis. Seventy-seven (35.8%) patients had at least one fall in the preceding 6 months. Functional impairment (p=0.048), frailty (p<0.001), dementia (p=0.021), major depression (p=0.010) and low social support (p=0.045) were significantly associated with the fall status in the univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified frailty and functional impairment to be independent risk factors for falls.

Conclusions

Falls are common in older patients with cancer and lead to adverse clinical outcomes. Major depression, functional impairment, frailty, dementia and low social support were risk factors for falls. Heightened awareness and targeted interventions can prevent falls in older patients with cancer.
Assessment of Sepsis-3 criteria and quick SOFA in patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections
Authors: Piano Salvatore , Bartoletti Michele , Tonon Marta , Baldassarre Maurizio , Chies Giada , Romano Antonietta , Viale Pierluigi , Vettore Elia , Domenicali Marco , Stanco Marialuisa , Pilutti Chiara , Frigo Anna Chiara , Brocca Alessandra , Bernardi Mauro , Caraceni Paolo , Angeli Paolo
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Patients with cirrhosis have a high risk of sepsis, which confers a poor prognosis. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria have several limitations in cirrhosis. Recently, new criteria for sepsis (Sepsis-3) have been suggested in the general population (increase of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) ≥2 points from baseline). Outside the intensive care unit (ICU), the quick SOFA (qSOFA (at least two among alteration in mental status, systolic blood pressure ≤100 mm Hg or respiratory rate ≥22/min)) was suggested to screen for sepsis. These criteria have never been evaluated in patients with cirrhosis. The aim of the study was to assess the ability of Sepsis-3 criteria in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with cirrhosis and bacterial/fungal infections.

Methods

259 consecutive patients with cirrhosis and bacterial/fungal infections were prospectively included. Demographic, laboratory and microbiological data were collected at diagnosis of infection. Baseline SOFA was assessed using preadmission data. Patients were followed up until death, liver transplantation or discharge. Findings were externally validated (197 patients).

Results

Sepsis-3 and qSOFA had significantly greater discrimination for in-hospital mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC)=0.784 and 0.732, respectively) than SIRS (AUROC=0.606) (p<0.01 for both). Similar results were observed in the validation cohort. Sepsis-3 (subdistribution HR (sHR)=5.47; p=0.006), qSOFA (sHR=1.99; p=0.020), Chronic Liver Failure Consortium Acute Decompensation score (sHR=1.05; p=0.001) and C reactive protein (sHR=1.01;p=0.034) were found to be independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Patients with Sepsis-3 had higher incidence of acute-on-chronic liver failure, septic shock and transfer to ICU than those without Sepsis-3.

Conclusions

Sepsis-3 criteria are more accurate than SIRS criteria in predicting the severity of infections in patients with cirrhosis. qSOFA is a useful bedside tool to assess risk for worse outcomes in these patients. Patients with Sepsis-3 and positive qSOFA deserve more intensive management and strict surveillance.
Vascular pathology in multiple sclerosis: reframing pathogenesis around the blood-brain barrier
Authors: Spencer Jonathan I , Bell Jack S , DeLuca Gabriele C
Published: September 2017

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption has long been recognised as an important early feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. Traditionally, this has been seen as a by-product of the myelin-specific immune response. Here, we consider whether vascular changes instead play a central role in disease pathogenesis, rather than representing a secondary effect of neuroinflammation or neurodegeneration. Importantly, this is not necessarily mutually exclusive from current hypotheses. Vascular pathology in a genetically predisposed individual, influenced by environmental factors such as pathogens, hypovitaminosis D and smoking, may be a critical initiator of a series of events including hypoxia, protein deposition and immune cell egress that allows the development of a CNS-specific immune response and the classical pathological and clinical hallmarks of disease. We review the changes that occur in BBB function and cerebral perfusion in patients with MS and highlight genetic and environmental risk factors that, in addition to modulating immune function, may also converge to act on the vasculature. Further context is provided by contrasting these changes with other neurological diseases in which there is also BBB malfunction, and highlighting current disease-modifying therapies that may also have an effect on the BBB. Indeed, in reframing current evidence in this model, the vasculature could become an important therapeutic target in MS.
Small animal disease surveillance: GI disease and salmonellosis
Authors: Arsevska Elena , Singleton David , Sánchez‐Vizcaíno Fernando , Williams Nicola , Jones Philip H. , Smyth Steven , Heayns Bethaney , Wardeh Maya , Radford Alan D. , Dawson Susan , Noble Peter J. M. , Davies Robert H.
Published: September 2017

Presentation for gastrointestinal (GI) disease comprised 2.2 per cent of cat, 3.2 per cent of dog and 2.2 per cent of rabbit consultations between April 1, 2016 and March 31, 2017

Diarrhoea and vomiting without blood were the most frequently reported GI disease clinical signs (34.4 and 38.9 per cent in cats and 42.8 and 37.3 per cent in dogs, respectively)

The mean percentage of samples testing positive for Salmonella in dogs was double that in cats (0.82 per cent and 0.41 per cent, respectively) from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2016

In dogs, autumn was associated with a greater proportion of Salmonella‐positive sample submissions; no clear suggestion of seasonal variation in cats was observed

In both cats and dogs, isolates belonging to Salmonella enterica group B serotypes were the most common (68.9 per cent in cats and 55.0 per cent in dogs)
What should you look for in your first practice role?
Authors: Chandler Will
Published: September 2017

Will Chandler reflects on his experience finding his first clinical job after qualifying, including his tips on what to look for in a potential employer.
A Hierarchical Technique for Statistical Path Selection and Criticality Computation
Authors: Chithira P. R. , Vasudevan Vinita
Published: September 2017

Due to process variations, every path in the circuit is associated with a probability of being critical and a measure of this probability is the criticality of the path. Identification of critical paths usually proceeds in two steps, namely, generation of a candidate path set followed by computation of path criticality. As criticality computation is expensive, the candidate path set is chosen using simpler metrics. However, these metrics are not directly related to path criticality and, often, the set also contains low criticality paths that do not need to be tested. In this article, we propose a hierarchical technique that directly gives all paths above a global criticality threshold. The circuit is divided into disjoint groups at various levels. We show that the criticality of a group at each level of hierarchy can be computed using criticality of the parent group and the local complementary delay within the group. Low criticality groups are pruned at every level, making the computation efficient. This recursive partitioning and group criticality computation is continued until the group criticality falls below a threshold. Beyond this, the path selection within the group is done using branch-and-bound algorithm with global criticality as the metric. This is possible, since our method for criticality computation is very efficient. Unlike other techniques, path selection and criticality computation are integrated together so that when the path selection is complete, path criticality is also obtained. The proposed algorithm is tested with ISCAS’85, ISCAS’89, and ITC’99 benchmark circuits and the results are verified using Monte Carlo simulation. The experimental results suggest that the proposed method gives better accuracy on average with around 90% reduction in run-time.
The Genetic Diversity of the Americas
Authors: Adhikari Kaustubh , Chacón-Duque Juan Camilo , Mendoza-Revilla Javier , Fuentes-Guajardo Macarena , Ruiz-Linares Andrés
Published: September 2017

The history of the Americas involved the encounter of millions of Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans. A variable admixture of these three continental groups has taken place throughout the continent, influenced by demography and a range of social factors. This variable admixture has had a major influence on the genetic makeup of populations across the continent. Here, we summarize the demographic history of the region, highlight some social factors that affected historical admixture, and review major patterns of ancestry across the Western Hemisphere based on genetic data.
Measuring high-altitude adaptation
Authors: Moore Lorna G.
Published: September 2017

High altitudes (>8,000 ft or 2,500 m) provide an experiment of nature for measuring adaptation and the physiological processes involved. Studies conducted over the past ~25 years in Andeans, Tibetans, and, less often, Ethiopians show varied but distinct O2transport traits from those of acclimatized newcomers, providing indirect evidence for genetic adaptation to high altitude. Short-term (acclimatization, developmental) and long-term (genetic) responses to high altitude exhibit a temporal gradient such that, although all influence O2content, the latter also improve O2delivery and metabolism. Much has been learned concerning the underlying physiological processes, but additional studies are needed on the regulation of blood flow and O2utilization. Direct evidence of genetic adaptation comes from single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genome scans and whole genome sequencing studies that have identified gene regions acted upon by natural selection. Efforts have begun to understand the connections between the two with Andean studies on the genetic factors raising uterine blood flow, fetal growth, and susceptibility to Chronic Mountain Sickness and Tibetan studies on genes serving to lower hemoglobin and pulmonary arterial pressure. Critical for future studies will be the selection of phenotypes with demonstrable effects on reproductive success, the calculation of actual fitness costs, and greater inclusion of women among the subjects being studied. The well-characterized nature of the O2transport system, the presence of multiple long-resident populations, and relevance for understanding hypoxic disorders in all persons underscore the importance of understanding how evolutionary adaptation to high altitude has occurred.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Variation in O2transport characteristics among Andean, Tibetan, and, when available, Ethiopian high-altitude residents supports the existence of genetic adaptations that improve the distribution of blood flow to vital organs and the efficiency of O2utilization. Genome scans and whole genome sequencing studies implicate a broad range of gene regions. Future studies are needed using phenotypes of clear relevance for reproductive success for determining the mechanisms by which naturally selected genes are acting.
Additive effects of heating and exercise on baroreflex control of heart rate in healthy males
Authors: Peçanha Tiago , Forjaz Cláudia L. M. , Low David. A.
Published: September 2017

This study assessed the additive effects of passive heating and exercise on cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) and heart rate variability (HRV). Twelve healthy young men (25 ± 1 yr, 23.8 ± 0.5 kg/m2) randomly underwent two experimental sessions: heat stress (HS; whole body heat stress using a tube-lined suit to increase core temperature by ~1°C) and normothermia (NT). Each session was composed of a preintervention rest (REST1); HS or NT interventions; postintervention rest (REST2); and 14 min of cycling exercise [7 min at 40%HRreserve(EX1) and 7 min at 60%HRreserve(EX2)]. Heart rate and finger blood pressure were continuously recorded. cBRS was assessed using the sequence (cBRSSEQ) and transfer function (cBRSTF) methods. HRV was assessed using the indexes standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive RR intervals (RMSSD). cBRS and HRV were not different between sessions during EX1 and EX2 (i.e., matched heart rate conditions: EX1 = 116 ± 3 vs. 114 ± 3 and EX2 = 143 ± 4 vs. 142 ± 3 beats/min but different workloads: EX1 = 50 ± 9 vs. 114 ± 8 and EX2 = 106 ± 10 vs. 165 ± 8 W; for HS and NT, respectively; P < 0.01). However, when comparing EX1 of NT with EX2 of HS (i.e., matched workload conditions but with different heart rates), cBRS and HRV were significantly reduced in HS (cBRSSEQ = 1.6 ± 0.3 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1 ms/mmHg, P < 0.01; SDNN = 2.3 ± 0.1 vs. 1.3 ± 0.2 ms, P < 0.01). In conclusion, in conditions matched by HR, the addition of heat stress to exercise does not affect cBRS and HRV. Alternatively, in workload-matched conditions, the addition of heat to exercise results in reduced cBRS and HRV compared with exercise in normothermia.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study assessed cardiac baroreflex sensitivity during the combination of heat and exercise stresses. This is the first study to show that prior whole body passive heating reduces cardiac baroreflex sensitivity and autonomic modulation of heart rate during exercise. These findings contribute to the better understanding of the role of thermoregulation on cardiovascular regulation during exercise.
Shifting gears: dynamic muscle shape changes and force-velocity behavior in the medial gastrocnemius
Authors: Dick Taylor J. M. , Wakeling James M.
Published: September 2017

When muscles contract, they bulge in thickness or in width to maintain a (nearly) constant volume. These dynamic shape changes are tightly linked to the internal constraints placed on individual muscle fibers and play a key functional role in modulating the mechanical performance of skeletal muscle by increasing its range of operating velocities. Yet to date we have a limited understanding of the nature and functional implications of in vivo dynamic muscle shape change under submaximal conditions. This study determined how the in vivo changes in medial gastrocnemius (MG) fascicle velocity, pennation angle, muscle thickness, and subsequent muscle gearing varied as a function of force and velocity. To do this, we obtained recordings of MG tendon length, fascicle length, pennation angle, and thickness using B-mode ultrasound and muscle activation using surface electromyography during cycling at a range of cadences and loads. We found that that increases in contractile force were accompanied by reduced bulging in muscle thickness, reduced increases in pennation angle, and faster fascicle shortening. Although the force and velocity of a muscle contraction are inversely related due to the force-velocity effect, this study has shown how dynamic muscle shape changes are influenced by force and not influenced by velocity.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY During movement, skeletal muscles contract and bulge in thickness or width. These shape changes play a key role in modulating the performance of skeletal muscle by increasing its range of operating velocities. Yet to date the underlying mechanisms associated with muscle shape change remain largely unexplored. This study identified muscle force, and not velocity, as the mechanistic driving factor to allow for muscle gearing to vary depending on the contractile conditions during human cycling.
History of Comorbidities and Survival of Ovarian Cancer Patients, Results from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium
Authors: Minlikeeva Albina N. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Eng Kevin H. , Cannioto Rikki A. , Friel Grace , Szender J. Brian , Segal Brahm , Odunsi Kunle , Mayor Paul , Diergaarde Brenda , Zsiros Emese , Kelemen Linda E. , Köbel Martin , Steed Helen , deFazio Anna , Jordan Susan J. , Fasching Peter A. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Risch Harvey A. , Rossing Mary Anne , Doherty Jennifer A. , Chang-Claude Jenny , Goodman Marc T. , Dörk Thilo , Edwards Robert , Modugno Francesmary , Ness Roberta B. , Matsuo Keitaro , Mizuno Mika , Karlan Beth Y. , Goode Ellen L. , Kjær Susanne K. , Høgdall Estrid , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Terry Kathryn L. , Cramer Daniel W. , Bandera Elisa V. , Paddock Lisa E. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Massuger Leon F.A.G. , Sutphen Rebecca , Anton-Culver Hoda , Ziogas Argyrios , Menon Usha , Gayther Simon A. , Ramus Susan J. , Gentry-Maharaj Aleksandra , Pearce Celeste L. , Wu Anna H. , Kupryjanczyk Jolanta , Jensen Allan , Webb Penelope M. , Moysich Kirsten B.
Published: September 2017

Background: Comorbidities can affect survival of ovarian cancer patients by influencing treatment efficacy. However, little evidence exists on the association between individual concurrent comorbidities and prognosis in ovarian cancer patients.

Methods: Among patients diagnosed with invasive ovarian carcinoma who participated in 23 studies included in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium, we explored associations between histories of endometriosis; asthma; depression; osteoporosis; and autoimmune, gallbladder, kidney, liver, and neurological diseases and overall and progression-free survival. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age at diagnosis, stage of disease, histology, and study site, we estimated pooled HRs and 95% confidence intervals to assess associations between each comorbidity and ovarian cancer outcomes.

Results: None of the comorbidities were associated with ovarian cancer outcome in the overall sample nor in strata defined by histologic subtype, weight status, age at diagnosis, or stage of disease (local/regional vs. advanced).

Conclusions: Histories of endometriosis; asthma; depression; osteoporosis; and autoimmune, gallbladder, kidney, liver, or neurologic diseases were not associated with ovarian cancer overall or progression-free survival.

Impact: These previously diagnosed chronic diseases do not appear to affect ovarian cancer prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(9); 1470–3. ©2017 AACR.
The Challenge for Development of Valuable Immuno-oncology Biomarkers
Authors: Mehnert Janice M. , Monjazeb Arta M. , Beerthuijzen Johanna M.T. , Collyar Deborah , Rubinstein Larry , Harris Lyndsay N.
Published: September 2017

The development of immunotherapy is an important breakthrough for the treatment of cancer, with antitumor efficacy observed in a wide variety of tumors. To optimize immunotherapy use, approaches must be developed to identify which patients are likely to achieve benefit. To minimize therapeutic toxicities and costs, understanding the ideal choice and sequencing of the numerous immuno-oncology agents available for individual patients is thus critical, but fraught with challenges. The immune tumor microenvironment (TME) is a unique aspect of the response to immuno-oncology agents and measurement of single biomarkers does not adequately capture these complex interactions. Therefore, multiple potential biomarkers are likely needed. Current candidates in this area include PD-L1 expression, CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor mutation load and neoantigen burden, immune-related gene signatures, and multiplex IHC assays that examine the pharmacodynamic and spatial interactions of the TME. The most fruitful investigations are likely to use several techniques to predict response and interrogate mechanisms of resistance. Immuno-oncology biomarker research must employ validated assays to ask focused research questions utilizing clinically annotated tissue collections and biomarker-focused clinical trial designs to investigate specific endpoints. Real-time input from patients and their advocates into biomarker discovery is necessary to ensure that the investigations pursued will improve both clinical outcomes and quality of life. We herein provide a framework of recommendations to guide the search for immuno-oncology biomarkers of value. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 4970–9. ©2017 AACR.

See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Clinical Trial Design Considerations in the Immuno-oncology Era.”
Fast-TRKing Drug Development for Rare Molecular Targets
Authors: Parikh Aparna R. , Corcoran Ryan B.
Published: September 2017

Summary: Drug development for rare molecular targets in oncology presents unique challenges. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Drilon and colleagues report the accelerated development and innovative initial clinical trial strategy of a next-generation TRK inhibitor, LOXO-195, designed to overcome common secondary TRK resistance mutations. Cancer Discov; 7(9); 934–6. ©2017 AACR.

See related article by Drilon et al., p. 963.
Functional Connectivity Pattern of the Internal Hippocampal Network in Awake Pigeons: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Authors: Behroozi Mehdi , Ströckens Felix , Stacho Martin , Güntürkün Onur
Published: September 2017

In the last two decades, the avian hippocampus has been repeatedly studied with respect to its architecture, neurochemistry, and connectivity pattern. We review these insights and conclude that we unfortunately still lack proper knowledge on the interaction between the different hippocampal subregions. To fill this gap, we need information on the functional connectivity pattern of the hippocampal network. These data could complement our structural connectivity knowledge. To this end, we conducted a resting-state fMRI experiment in awake pigeons in a 7-T MR scanner. A voxel-wise regression analysis of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fluctuations was performed in 6 distinct areas, dorsomedial (DM), dorsolateral (DL), triangular shaped (Tr), dorsolateral corticoid (CDL), temporo-parieto-occipital (TPO), and lateral septum regions (SL), to establish a functional connectivity map of the avian hippocampal network. Our study reveals that the system of connectivities between CDL, DL, DM, and Tr is the functional backbone of the pigeon hippocampal system. Within this network, DM is the central hub and is strongly associated with DL and CDL BOLD signal fluctuations. DM is also the only hippocampal region to which large Tr areas are functionally connected. In contrast to published tracing data, TPO and SL are only weakly integrated in this network. In summary, our findings uncovered a structurally otherwise invisible architecture of the avian hippocampal formation by revealing the dynamic blueprints of this network.
Malignant Transformation of a Multi-Operated Divided Nevus of the Eyelids
Authors: Lemaître Stéphanie , Gardrat Sophie , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Galatoire Olivier , Lévy-Gabriel Christine , Desjardins Laurence
Published: September 2017

A woman in her early fifties had regular follow-up for a medium-sized divided nevus of the eyelids which had undergone several surgical excisions during childhood for functional and esthetic reasons. Malignant transformation of the nevus occurred in the inferior eyelid, with the appearance of a new pigmented flat lesion. Histology showed in situ melanoma, and an NRAS activating mutation was found. A full-thickness excision of the inferior eyelid was performed, followed by reconstruction. Local recurrence of the melanoma occurred 1 year after surgery. Lifelong follow-up of divided nevi of the eyelids is recommended, even if very few cases of malignant transformation have been reported so far.
Serum CA19-9 Response Is an Early Predictive Marker of Efficacy of Regorafenib in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Komori Azusa , Taniguchi Hiroya , Hamauchi Satoshi , Masuishi Toshiki , Kito Yosuke , Narita Yukiya , Tsushima Takahiro , Ishihara Makoto , Todaka Akiko , Tanaka Tsutomu , Yokota Tomoya , Kadowaki Shigenori , Machida Nozomu , Ura Takashi , Fukutomi Akira , Ando Masashi , Onozawa Yusuke , Tajika Masahiro , Yasui Hirofumi , Muro Kei , Mori Keita , Yamazaki Kentaro
Published: September 2017

Purpose: Regorafenib improves survival in chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. However, regorafenib induces various adverse events (AEs) that often impair patients' quality of life. Identification of early predictive markers of the efficacy is warranted. Methods: We retrospectively examined 146 consecutive mCRC patients who received regorafenib. Clinical parameters, including patient background, AEs, and changes in biochemical parameters until day 28, were evaluated to identify efficacy predictors. Results: Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.1 months, and median overall survival was 6.6 months. Major AEs in all cycles were hand-foot skin reaction, hypertension, and increased aspartate transaminase. We extracted 121 patients for prognostic analysis. In univariate analysis, decreased carcinoembryonic antigen (HR: 0.570, p = 0.012) and decreased carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) (HR: 0.422, p = 0.0012) were identified as prognostic markers of PFS. Patients in whom serum CA19-9 decreased after regorafenib exhibited significantly better PFS (median 3.7 vs. 2.0 months, p = 0.004) than those in whom serum CA19-9 did not decrease. Multivariate analysis revealed early CA19-9 decrease as an independent predictive factor (HR: 0.415, 95% CI: 0.210-0.818, p = 0.011). Conclusion: Early response of CA19-9 may predict the efficacy of regorafenib. Additional studies are needed for external validation.
O Revérbero Constitucional Fluminense, imprensa e constitucionalismo na Corte na Independência
Authors: Silva Virgínia Rodrigues da
Published: September 2017

Esta pesquisa pretende lançar luz sobre as especificidades das propostas políticas e projetos de Estado e nação no processo de Independência, que recorrentemente variavam de acordo com o momento, o espaço geográfico e o lugar social a partir do qual eram veiculadas. Partiremos da análise de um dos principais jornais da polemista imprensa de opinião da Corte no período de 1821-1822, o Revérbero Constitucional Fluminense, publicado por Joaquim Gonçalves Ledo e Januário da Cunha Barbosa. Objetivamos o entendimento das fronteiras e pertencimentos que caracterizavam sua identidade política, definida em meio às transformações (não evolutivas) do espaço público e da afirmação, por formas enviesadas e diversas, de uma cultura política baseada nos princípios do constitucionalismo liberal. Com isso, pretendemos estabelecer de que forma a noção de soberania e as variadas vertentes do pensamento constitucionalista e liberal de fins do século XVIII e início do século XIX manifestaram-se no discurso do jornal.
Formação dos partidos brasileiros: questões de ideologia, rótulos partidários, lideranças e prática política, 1831-1888
Authors: Needell Jeffrey D.
Published: September 2017

Apresento aqui uma resposta aos comentários de R. Salles e M. Dantas, em que se discutem o uso da terminologia gramsciana, as diferenças ideológicas entre os partidos, os nomes dos partidos durante a Regência e o Segundo Reinado e a prática política nos âmbitos provincial e nacional. Argumento que os saquaremas não eram um partido hegemônico, seus líderes eram orgânicos, as diferenças entre os partidos eram essenciais em certos pontos e o uso dos nomes dos partidos no texto discutido decorre da utilização e significado coevos. Esta réplica também aborda as divergências fundamentais que envolveram o Ato Adicional, o significado da legislação centralizadora do Regresso e, por fim, os êxitos e limitações tanto do poder do Estado como da mobilização política provincial em influir no governo provincial, na política nacional e na prática política imperial.
Redesenhando caminhos: O papel dos representantes do Grão-Pará na primeira legislatura do Império do Brasil (1826-1829)
Authors: Machado André Roberto de Arruda
Published: September 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a atuação dos representantes eleitos pelo Grão-Pará na primeira legislatura do Império do Brasil. Além de fazer apontamentos sobre suas ligações políticas na província e na Corte, pretende-se demonstrar que estes parlamentares tiveram uma conduta similar: todos priorizaram a proposição de leis que deveriam promover uma pronta intervenção em território paraense de modo a alterar os caminhos de circulação dos homens e das mercadorias. Por trás dessas iniciativas estava o desejo de maior coesão interna no Grão-Pará e de melhor integrar a província ao restante do Império. Durante os debates sobre esses projetos de lei, também emergem, no Senado e na Câmara, diferentes sentidos para a representação política.
O Império do Brasil nos traços do humor: política e imprensa ilustrada em Pelotas no século XIX
Authors: Lopes Aristeu Elisandro Machado
Published: September 2017

O jornalismo foi uma das atividades culturais que mais se desenvolveram em Pelotas, no extremo sul do Brasil, no século XIX. Os desdobramentos da política nacional não passavam despercebidos pelos caricaturistas dos periódicos ilustrados, os quais destinavam a ela uma parte considerável de suas ilustrações. Analisar como o cenário político imperial foi abordado nesses jornais é o objetivo deste artigo. A análise contemplará, num primeiro momento, as imagens que trataram, com humor, o Imperador Dom Pedro II e a Princesa Isabel. Na sequência pretende-se averiguar como alguns representantes da política nacional, os presidentes do Conselho de Ministros, foram abordados nos periódicos.
Rosalind Gill: “não queremos só mais bolo, queremos toda a padaria!”
Authors: Matos Carolina Oliveira
Published: September 2017

Interview with Rosalind Gill.
Proposta teórico-metodológica para a pesquisa de objetos no jornalismo
Authors: Corrêa Elizabeth Saad , Silveira Stefanie Carlan da
Published: September 2017

Our main objective is to propose a theoretical-methodological discussion for the contemporary journalism academic research. We’ve used objects materiality related to ANT, Systems Theory and Peter Sloterdjk’s ideas to propose a more open minded, interdisciplinary and resilient approach for Communication and Journalism research. At the end we propose some reflection items regarding the contemporary storytelling journalistic content.
Profunda análise da relação política e media
Authors: Ricarte Élmano
Published: September 2017

We present the recent book A mediatização da política na era das redes sociais. Following the author, we try to comment the book and its importance in the mediatization studies’ context inside the politics.
Desafios e dilemas da institucionalidade cultural no Brasil
Authors: Rubim Antonio Albino Canelas
Published: September 2017

The article presents a historical itinerary of culture institutionality in Brazil, pointing out its challenges and dilemmas. Institutionality comprises multiple dimensions, including administrative, managerial, financial, legislative, organizational and occupational aspects. Since the study relies on current bibliography, some dimensions were prioritized due to fragility of available information. The study proposition is that the historical method may contribute to explain advances, setbacks and dilemmas of the culture institutionality in Brazil.
Biopolítica feminista e estéticas subversivas
Authors: Bentes Ivanas
Published: September 2017

The political and aesthetic issues that emerge from feminist activist practice, expressed in the case study that we are going to analyze: images/photographs/memes posted in the Instagram profile of the character/performer Ex-Miss Febem, created by the artist and activist Aleta Valente. In this context, we will reflect Beatriz Preciado’s notions of “gender technologies” and “counter-sexuality” in the construction of a post-feminism.
A materialidade epistolar. O que nos dizem os manuscritos autógrafos
Authors: Pagès Alain
Published: September 2017

Quando a reprodução fac-similar não é possível, as edições de correspondências propõem aos leitores um texto impresso, sem levar em conta tudo o que remete à aparência dos manuscritos autógrafos. Em geral, tais aspectos materiais são portadores de informações de fundamental relevância no que diz respeito à maneira como um endereço é redigido no envelope; ao movimento da escrita e da forma dos caracteres; ao desenho da assinatura; às indicações contidas nas zonas periféricas das cartas, as margens ou cabeçalhos. Neste artigo, pretende-se analisar esses diversos elementos à luz de um objeto privilegiado – a correspondência d’Émile Zola. Os exemplos examinados mostram que, em todos os casos, é extremamente produtivo retornar ao manuscrito original e reexeminá-lo, pois o documento oferece informações que o mero conhecimento do texto impresso quase nunca fornece.
Correspondência de Paulo Barreto a João de Barros (1909-1921): edição crítica e anotada
Authors: Poncioni Claudia , Camilotti Virginia
Published: September 2017

O processo de edição das cartas enviadas por Paulo Barreto (João do Rio) ao poeta português João de Barros nas duas primeiras décadas do século XX é analisado neste artigo. Além de situar as circunstâncias e identificar personagens e situações citados, restituindo a comunicabilidade para os leitores de hoje, as autoras refletem sobre as diversas etapas do trabalho de edição e procuram sistematizar as distintas fases do estabelecimento de texto e da anotação desse conjunto de cartas que permite situar tanto as relações culturais entre Brasil e Portugal no período, como as estratégias adotadas pelos dois autores para promoção de suas obras nos dois países. Finalmente, essa correspondência evidencia a extrema ligação entre jornalismo, cultura e política no Brasil e em Portugal, e a existência de uma verdadeira “indústria cultural” entre os dois países naquele período.
Para além das fronteiras: o particular e o cultural nas cartas de Casais Monteiro e Ribeiro Couto
Authors: Abreu Mirhiane Mendes de
Published: September 2017

Adolfo Casais Monteiro (1898-1963) e Rui Ribeiro Couto (1908-1972) corresponderamse por décadas. O acesso a esse diálogo está hoje disponível graças à organização de Rui Moreira Leite, que percorreu diversos arquivos pessoais para oferecer ao público a sustentação de uma profícua amizade, registrada em 125 documentos produzidos entre 22 de junho de 1931 e 30 de maio de 1962. A esse conjunto, anexou ainda dois documentos de Ribeiro Couto (um ofício encaminhado ao Serviço de Cooperação Internacional do Itamaraty e uma carta passiva de Múcio Leão), uma entrevista de Casais Monteiro à revista portuguesa Árvore, um discurso não proferido de Cecília Meireles por ocasião de conturbada premiação pela Academia Brasileira de Letras e reproduções fac-similares de várias imagens de livros com dedicatórias de um ao outro e também a terceiros. Trazida a lume pela Editora da Unesp em 2016, essa correspondência coloca o leitor diante do processo formativo de dois intelectuais, um português e um brasileiro, e dos temas inerentes ao cenário cultural transatlântico.
Coerência como resistência: Teresa 17
Authors: Gavioli Nicola
Published: September 2017

“Autoritarismo” e “violência” são núcleos temáticos fortes da pesquisa de Jaime Ginzburg, responsável pelo número 17 da revista Teresa – revista de literatura brasileira. Ginzburg é autor de ensaios acadêmicos, livros (Crítica em tempos de violência, Edusp/Fapesp, 2012; Literatura, violência e melancolia, Autores Associados, 2013), coorganizador dos volumes Escritas da violência I e II (em colaboração com Márcio Seligmann-Silva e Francisco Foot Hardman, 7 Letras, 2012), Walter Benjamin: rastro, aura e história (com Sabrina Sedmayer, UFMG, 2012) e de dossiês da revista Literatura e autoritarismo (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM). A coerência não é apenas detectável na organização dos materiais que compõem esse número de Tere sa, mas caracteriza o percurso acadêmico de Ginzburg no seu conjunto. A revista é a contribuição mais recente de um pesquisador que se ocupa criticamente de representações da violência na literatura brasileira há muitos anos.