bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relation of Imbibition and Drying on Cotyledon Cracking in Snap Beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Morris J. L. , Campbell W. F. , Pollard L. H.
Published: August 2022

The effect of imbibition and drying rates on colyledon cracking in snap beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., was studied. Six snap bean cultivars, representing various degrees of susceptibility to cotyledon cracking, were compared. Data indicated that differences in the rate of imbibition and drying were not responsible for differences in susceptibility to cotyledon cracking. The crack-resistant ‘Improved Higrade’ and moderately-resistant ‘Earliwax’ imbibed water faster than the crack-susceptible cultivars. Anatomical studies indicated that cracking was more frequent across the cell walls of the cotyledon cells than along the middle lamellae in all cultivars.
Temperature Effect of Greenhouse Water on Rose and Chrysanthemum Turgidity, Stomate Behavior, Growth, and Flowering1
Authors: Carpenter William J. , Rasmussen H. P.
Published: August 2022

Cold irrigation water during mid-winter significantly reduced greenhouse soil temperatures, reduced rose and chrysanthemum relative turgidities, tended to partially or completely close stomates and decreased plant heights and fresh weights. Rose and chrysanthemum leaf relative turgidities were found to decrease from 86% and 79% before irrigation with 35°F water to 54% and 43% one hour after watering. Scanning electron micrographs of rose and chrysanthemum leaves were used to compare stomates during a 5 hour period after irrigation with 35°F and 65°F water. Photographs showed 35°F water caused stomates to close, produced a pronounced flaccidity of guard cells and caused considerable distortion of leaf epidermal cells within 1 to 2½ hours after its application. Chrysanthemum plant heights and fresh weights at flowering decreased significantly as irrigation water temperatures declined. No treatment differences in numbers of rose flowers were found, but stem lengths and fresh weights were reduced significantly.
Effects of Growth Retardants on Biosynthesis of Gibberellin Precursors in Root Tips of Peas, Pisum sativum L.1
Authors: Wylie Anthony W. , Ryugo Kay , Sachs R. M.
Published: August 2022

Pea root tips were pre-incubated for 2 hr in the presence of Alar, Amo–1618, or Cycocel after which a quantity of 2-14C-mevalonic acid was added to the medium. The incorporation of mevalonic acid subsequent to decarboxylation into 3 gibberellic acid precursors, trans-geranylgeraniol, kauren-19-ol, and kauren-19-al was ascertained by paper and thin layer chromatography. The amount incorporated into a fourth acidic fraction containing kaurenoic acid was also estimated.

In the presence of Alar, the amount of radioactivity in trans-geranylgeraniol increased while that in kauren-19-al decreased simultaneously; the radioactivity in the acidic and kauren-19-ol fractions remained unchanged. Amo-1618 at 125 ppm induced an accumulation of radioactive acidic materials and concurrent decreases in the other 3 fractions. With Cycocel, the incorporation of 14C in kauren-19-ol and kauren-19-al remained unchanged while that in the acidic fraction increased and trans-geranylageraniol decreased. Amo-1618 was 100-fold more effective than Cycocel in altering the levels of GA precursors. The Alar concentration required to affect the biosynthesis of GA precursors was the same as that which inhibited epicotyl elongation of intact pea seedlings. The findings support the hypothesis that these growth retardants disrupt GA biosynthesis which in turn affects subapical meristematic activity, thereby inhibiting internodal elongation.
Internal Browning of Thompson Seedless Grapes1
Authors: Pool Robert M. , Weaver Robert J.
Published: August 2022

Girdling reduced, and gibberellic acid or 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid treatment had no effect on, the incidence of internal browning in ‘Thompson Seedless’ grape berries stored at 0°C. There was a direct relationship between the soluble solids content of the berries and the percentage of berries which developed internal browning. Fruit susceptible to internal browning had high levels of polyphenoloxidase and low levels of dihydroxy-phenolic substrate.
Increasing the Number and Crotch Angles of Primary Branches of Apple Trees with Cytokinins and Gibberellic Acid1
Authors: Williams Max W. , Billingsley H. D.
Published: August 2022

Cytokinins and gibberellins applied to dormant buds on young apple trees significantly increased the number of growing buds and the angle between the main trunk and the new shoot. Total shoot growth on treated trees was nearly double that of control trees. Nursery trees treated with growth regulators several weeks before planting produced branches with wide crotch angles from which good permanent primary scaffold limbs could be selected.
Effect of Day Temperature and Light Intensity on Coloration of Vitis vinifera L. Grapes1
Authors: Kliewer W. M.
Published: August 2022

The effects of high (86°F) and low (68°F) day temperature, and of high (2,500 to 5,000 ft-c) and low (500 to 1,200 ft-c) light intensity, on the coloration of ‘Cardinal’ and ‘Pinot noir’ grapes grown in sunlit, temperature-controlled rooms during the ripening period were investigated. Night temperature (7 PM to 7 AM) was 59°F in all treatments.

Low day temperature significantly increased the level of anthocyanin pigments in the skins of both cultivars at both high and low light intensity. Anthocyanin synthesis was almost completely inhibited in the skins of ‘Cardinal’ berries that had average daytime temperatures between 91 and 95°F.

Low light intensity greatly reduced coloration of ‘Pinot noir’ grapes at both low and high day temperatures but decreased the level of pigments in grapes grown at 86°F. It either increased or had little effect on fruit coloration of ‘Cardinal’ grapes grown at 68°F.
Comparative Responses of Three Apple Rootstocks to Soil-Incorporated Simazine1
Authors: Lord W. J. , Damon R. A. , Robinson D. E.
Published: August 2022

EM VII, EM IX AND MM 106 apple rootstocks were grown under greenhouse conditions in cans containing soil-incorporated simazine at concentrations of 0–6 ppm. In general, except for severity of foliar injury, the rootstocks responded similarly to simazine. Least foliar injury occurred on MM 106 rootstocks and the most injury on EM VII. Fresh weight increases indicated, however, that this difference may be of no practical significance.

Simazine levels of 1 and 2 ppm improved above-ground growth and increased total leaf nitrogen (N) but suppressed root growth. At concentrations of 3 ppm and higher, simazine suppressed both above-ground growth and root growth but markedly increased leaf N.
Growth Relationships in the Strawberry Plant1
Authors: Jahn Otto L. , Dana Malcolm N.
Published: August 2022

Correlation and regression analyses were made on growth measurements obtained from ‘Dunlap,’ ‘Sparkle’ and ‘Catskill’ strawberry plants grown in the greenhouse. Two tests were evaluated in which plants of 3 and 7 age groups and a range of weights were included. Results indicated close relationships between many growth measurements. These included high correlations between initial plant weight and plant age, leaf production rate, and early leaf area. After 3 or 4 months, growth correlations of .5 to .8 were still present between initial plant weight and leaf area and between early and late leaf area measurements. Correlations of .3 to .8 were found between initial weight or plant age and the number of flower buds. Correlations were generally similar in all cultivars and for both tests. The results indicate that some of these measurements could be used to predict or evaluate growth response of strawberry plants to applied treatments.
Effects of Photoperiod and Other Factors upon Flowering and Runner Development of Three Strawberry Cultivars1
Authors: Dennis F. G. , Lipecki J. , Kiang Chi-Li
Published: August 2022

Plants of 3 strawberry cultivars, an everbearer (‘Geneva’), and 2 June bearers (‘Catskill’ and ‘Frontenac’) were grown in growth chambers to determine the effects of photoperiod, light intensity, and night temperature upon flowering and runner development. In one experiment, plants dug in the fall and stored at −2° C until spring were compared with spring-dug plants.

The most important factor affecting response was photoperiod. Eighteen hour photo-periods (LD) or continuous light promoted flowering in ‘Geneva’ and runner production in ‘Catskill’ relative to 12 hour photoperiods, while response of ‘Frontenac’ varied in 2 experiments. A light break during a long night simulated LD conditions in ‘Catskill’, but not in ‘Geneva’, and was more consistent than LD in promoting runner development in ‘Frontenac’.

The effects of light intensity were mainly quantitative, 2400 f-c increasing inflorescence or runner production (depending upon cultivar) in comparison with 1200 f-c.

Night temperature did not affect inflorescence or runner production independently of other factors, except for greater runner production with low night temperature (15° C) in ‘Frontenac’.

Time of digging was tested only in ‘Geneva’ and ‘Frontenac’. Fall digging increased the number of inflorescences formed and reduced runner production in ‘Geneva’.
Distribution of Manganese−54 in ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees in Relation to the Occurrence of Internal Bark Necrosis (IBN)1,2
Authors: Shelton J. E. , Zeiger D. C.
Published: August 2022

‘Red Prince Delicious’/East Mailing (EM) VII trees were grown in sand culture and fertilized with a complete nutrient solution containing 0.5, 5.0 or 50.0 ppm Mn. 54Mn was supplied to provide the same specific activity in all treatments. Autoradiographs showed “islands” of radioactivity in bark patches from all treatments 2½ months after initiation of the experiment. These “islands” disappeared after 8 months in the 0.5 ppm treatment, and after 10 months in the 5.0 ppm treatment, but continued to exist in bark patches from the 50.0 ppm treatment through the last sampling at 15½ months. Typical, and some aberrant, symptoms of IBN first appeared after 5½ months in the 50.0 ppm treatment. Pimples occurred at sites where autoradiographs indicated Mn concentrations. As the pimple stage of IBN progressed to necrotic lesions, radioactivity was concentrated around the periphery of the lesions. Data is presented which suggests that, as Mn supply is increased, alteration of mechanisms for regulating uptake and distribution of Mn occurs.
Population Density and Growth Rate of Head Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in an Arid Climate with Sprinkler Irrigation1
Authors: Robinson Frank E.
Published: August 2022

Using sprinkler irrigation for the entire season allowed a change in bed conformity for head lettuce. Growing 6 rows on an 82-inch bed introduced a maturity variable, with the 2 outside rows having larger heads or heads with greater numbers of leaves.

On a flat soil surface with plants on square spacings of 10 × 10, 12 × 12, 14 × 14, 16 × 16, and 24 × 24 inches, growth was slowed but total yields increased as density increased. Using ‘Climax’ and the present system of packaging 24 or 30 heads per carton, the 14 × 14-inch spacing produced the greatest number of cartons per acre. The greater yields at the 10 × 10-inch spacing (45 tons per acre) were small heads that would be acceptable only for shredding.
Effect of Temperature on Development of Premature Ripening in ‘Bartlett’ Pears1
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Mellenthin W. M. , Hansen Elmer
Published: August 2022

Premature ripening, a physiological disorder of ‘Bartlett’ pears, was induced experimentally by use of temperature controlled limb cages. Exposure to 65° day and 45° F night temperatures for 3-31 days prior to harvest caused an early acceleration in ethylene production and occurrence of the climacteric rise in respiration. These changes were accompanied by fruit softening, increases in soluble pectin and protein N, a more rapid decline in malic acid as well as a decrease in the rate of citric acid accumulation. Treatments with gibberellic acid (GA3), 100 ppm, and succinic acid 2,2-dimethyl hydrazide (Alar), 1000 ppm, counteracted the effect of cool temperature exposure and retarded premature ripening. The disorder did not develop in fruit maintained at 75° day and 60° night temperatures during the experiment.
The Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Flower Differentiation, Date of Bloom, and Flower Hardiness of Peach1
Authors: Corgan J. N. , Widmoyer F. B.
Published: August 2022

Gibberellic acid (GA), when applied to peaches from early August to early September at 200 ppm, resulted in flower thinning, bloom delay, and increased hardiness near bloom. Early August treatments were more effective than earlier or later applications. A morphological study of buds after treatment indicated that GA: delayed flower initiation, delayed development after initiation, resulted in smaller buds, and delayed microsporogenesis.
Effects of Foliar Applied Mg on Yield, Fruit Quality and Macronutrients of ‘Washington’ Navel Orange1
Authors: Jones W. W. , Embleton T. W. , Opitz K. W.
Published: August 2022

Where Mg deficient ‘Washington’ navel orange trees were sprayed with Mg, leaf Mg was increased from a deficient to an optimum level in the first year of application. However, it was not until the fourth year of application that a yield increase occurred. At least 2 sprays annually were required. There was an increase in total soluble solids in the juice as a result of the sprays, but there were no other consistent effects on fruit quality. Magnesium in the feeder roots was increased by the foliage sprays. Leaf K was decreased by the Mg sprays. One year after cessation of the sprays the leaf Mg was again in the deficiency range.
Antibiosis in Earworm Resistant Sweet Corn1
Authors: Chambliss O. L. , Wann E. V.
Published: August 2022

An antibiotic type of resistance has been demonstrated in sweet corn inbred lines and hybrids by periodic growth measurements of corn earworm larvae feeding on resistant and susceptible types. Resistant types could be distinguished readily from the susceptible by a significant increase in larval mortality on the former. Resistant lines also retarded larval growth, decreased depth to which larvae penetrated the ear, and delayed pupation of the insect.
Effects of Carbon Dioxide During Growth on Vase Life of Greenhouse Roses (Rosa hybrida)1
Authors: Mattson Richard H. , Widmer Richard E.
Published: August 2022

Vase life and floral characteristics were studied for Rosa hybrida (cvs. Forever Yours, Briarcliff Supreme, Red Garnette, and Rose Elf) flowers grown in atmospheres containing 300 ± 200, 1000 ± 300, and 2000 ± 500 ppm CO2 for at least half of the daylight hours. Only ‘Red Garnette’ flowers grown in CO2-supplemented air had significantly longer vase life (one-half day) than those produced in normal atmospheres.
Gas Chromatographic Profiles of Stored Carrots1
Authors: Rasekh J. , Kramer A.
Published: August 2022

Headspace gas chromatographic analyses were made on 6 cultivars of carrots during 1, 7, 16, and 26 weeks of storage at 45°F and 90% RH. Peak heights were used as indicators of volatile concentrations. Profiles significantly differed among cultivars at 8 peak heights, and among storage durations at 6 peaks. Thus, gas chromatographic profiles may be useful in distinguishing carrot cultivars and in determining their residual storage life. The data were analyzed by IBM 7094 Computer using the BMDO-2v Program for factorial design.
Comparative Effects of Gamma Irradiation and Maleic Hydrazide on Storage of Garlic1,2
Authors: El-Oksh Ibrahim I. , Abdel-Kader Adel S. , Wally Yussuf A. , El-Kholly Ahmed F.
Published: August 2022

Gamma irradiation (12 Krad) was more effective than preharvest application of maleic hydrazide (2500 ppm) in controlling sprouting and extending the storage life of garlic bulbs. Gamma irradiation decreased the length and thickness of internal sprouts and entirely prevented chlorophyll formation in sprouts; it decreased external discoloration and disease to a greater extent than did maleic hydrazide treatment. Both treated and untreated bulbs held in cold storage (0°C; 90-95% RH) showed a longer storage life than did those held in common storage (15-30°C; 50-75% RH). Gamma irradiation, maleic hydrazide treatment, and cold storage reduced weight loss and delayed emaciation.
Cellulase in High Pigment and Crimson Tomato Fruit1
Authors: Sobotka Francis E. , Watada Alley E.
Published: August 2022

Cellulase activity increased with softening of ripening fruit and differed among the tomato lines. Fruit containing genes for high pigment had lower cellulase activity and did not soften as rapidly as the commercial lines.
The Effect of Climatic Conditions on Dormancy Development of Peach Buds. I. Temperature1
Authors: Erez A. , Lavee S.
Published: August 2022

With controlled temperatures low temperature efficiency in releasing peach buds from dormancy follows an optimum curve in which 6°C is the optimum for average lateral leaf buds and 10°C is about half as efficient. “Weighted chilling hours” instead of “chilling hours” was proposed as a chilling measurement criterion. A high temp of 21°C, when alternated daily with low temp, nullified the low temp effect; a high of 18°C had no effect. Interrupting the chilling by 2 separate periods of 11 and 12 days at 20°C did not show any nullifying effect, but greatly enhanced lateral leaf bud break.
Cucurbitacin B and Total Sugar Inheritance in Cucurbita pepo L. Related to Spotted Cucumber Beetle Feeding1
Authors: Sharma Govind C. , Hall Charles V.
Published: August 2022

Seedlings in cotyledon stage of the F1, F2, and backcross generations from a cross between (susceptible) ‘Black Zucchini’ (BZ) and (resistant) ‘Early Golden Bush Scallop’ (EGBS) Cucurbita pepo L. were studied, with the parents, for inheritance of susceptibility to cucumber beetle injury, cucurbitacin, and total sugar content. BZ had a higher cucurbitacin content than EGBS. Highest cucurbitacin B in BZ cotyledons occurred at full cotyledon expansion. Inheritance of cucurbitacin in cotyledons was controlled by a single gene; both insect injury and total sugar content appeared to be controlled by polygenic mechanisms comprised of at least 2 or 3 gene pairs each. Environmental, additive, and dominance variance and epinstatic interactions were determined for the 3 traits. A quantitative relationship between cucurbitacin concn and cucumber beetle feeding was evident in segregating populations. Heritable resistance to the beetle was discernible and can be achieved in cultivars by selecting for nonpreferred seedlings low in cucurbitacin concn.
Inheritance of Albino Seedling in Tetraploid Highbush Blueberry1
Authors: Draper A. D. , Scott D. H.
Published: August 2022

Inheritance of albino seedling was studied in progenies of 3 tetraploid cultivated highbush blueberry clones. This mutant character was found to be controlled by a recessive gene at a single locus. All 3 parental clones appeared to be duplex (AAaa) for the marker gene and upon crossing and selfing segregated with ratios that are most likely to occur with tetrasomic inheritance. They segregated approximately 43 normal : 1 albino which is a significant deviation from the expected 35:1 ratio. This deviation is probably due to nonrandom pairing at meiosis of the 4 homologous chromosomes bearing the marker gene.
Thinning ‘Tokay’ and ‘Zinfandel’ Grapes by Bloom Sprays of Gibberellin1
Authors: Weaver Robert J. , Pool Robert M.
Published: August 2022

Gibberellin was applied at bloom to the seeded grape cvs. Zinfandel and Tokay. With ‘Zinfandel’ concn from 5 to 20 ppm caused increasing reductions in wt of fruits per vine and in ‘Tokay’ gibberellin at 10 and 20 ppm reduced fruit wt. Gibberellin applications successfully thinned the compact ‘Zinfandel’ and ‘Tokay’ clusters. Formation of unsightly shot berries was not a serious problem on ‘Tokay’. With ‘Zinfandel’, applications at the end of bloom were more effective than those at initiation of bloom.

A comparison of objective methods of measuring cluster compactness revealed that both number and wt of berries per cm of rachis are adequate indicators of the degree of compactness.
Biochemical Alterations Associated with Grafting of Healthy and Virus-Infected Apple Buds on Spy 227 Rootstock1
Authors: Millikan D. F. , Dzieciol R.
Published: August 2022

Altered biochemical processes are pronounced and persistent in leaves of virus-sensitive cv., Spy 227, when grafted with buds of healthy or virus-infected ‘Golden Delicious’. Increases in total protein and decreases in RNA are associated with both grafting and virus infection but changes are also found in catalase, phosphatase, and RNAse. The nature of these effects suggest that virus infection may delay the protein and RNA catabolism normally associated with senescence.
Influence of (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic Acid on Growth and Abscission of Young Apple Tree Leaves1
Authors: Dozier W. A. , Barden J. A.
Published: August 2022

Ethephon, (2-çhloroethyl)phosphonic acid,3 was applied at rates of 125 ppm and higher to young apple trees in 3 greenhouse experiments. Leaf expansion and total number of leaves were reduced by ethephon; the effective concentration became lower as the growing season progressed. Leaf area on the primary shoot was reduced by 1,000 and 4,000 ppm ethephon, but was increased on the lateral branches by 4,000 ppm. Total leaf area was suppressed only by the 1,000 ppm treatment. Leaf necrosis occurred at 625 ppm and higher concentrations in 1 experiment. Lateral bud scales abscised and a proliferation of cells under the leaf scar occurred on trees treated with 7,500 and 10,000 ppm ethephon. Many lateral buds abscised on the lower two-thirds of trees treated with 10,000 ppm. Leaf abscission was induced by ethephon, and the higher concentrations caused earlier and more rapid leaf drop. The oldest leaves abscised first, and most leaves became somewhat chlorotic prior to abscission. Leaves apparently had to be of a certain physiological age before they could be induced to abscise.
Respiration and Ethylene Production During Ontogeny of Fruit1
Authors: Akamine Ernest K. , Goo Theodore
Published: August 2022

Respiration (ml CO2/kg/hour) decreased as fruits matured in mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Haden), avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. unknown), and lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. Kwai Mi). With ripening, a respiratory rise commenced in the climacteric mango and avocado, but not in the nonclimacteric lychee. Ethylene (μl/mg/hour) production in all species also decreased as the fruit matured, became undetectable, then reappeared upon fruit ripening (mango and avocado) or senescence (lychee). The possible relationship between respiration and ethylene production in the ontogeny of fruit is discussed.
The Effect of Intermittent Mist on Abscisic Acid Content of Euonymus alatus Sieb. ‘Compactus’1
Authors: Hemphill D. D. , Tukey H. B.
Published: August 2022

Onset of rest, anthocyanin development, and leaf senescence and abscission were delayed in Euonymus alatus Sieb. ‘Compactus’ grown under intermittent mist. Leaf and bud tissues of misted plants contained less extractable abscisic acid (ABA) than did leaves and buds of non-misted plants. Mist leached endogenous and applied ABA from Euonymus leaves. Application of synthetic racemic ABA to growing Euonymus plants hastened onset of rest and increased anthocyanin development. This suggests that the observed responses of Euonymus to intermittent mist may be due to leaching of endogenous ABA.
The Distribution of Elements in ‘Elberta’ Peach Tree Tissues and the Influence of Potassium and Magnesium Fertilization1
Authors: Cummings George A.
Published: August 2022

Concentration of elements varied widely in different portions of peach trees. Levels of N, P, K, and Zn in the fruit were similar to foliar levels while Cu, Fe, Mn, and especially Mg and Ca were much lower than foliar levels. Concentrations of Ca and Zn in the twigs were similar to those in the foliage. Levels of other elements in the twigs were lower than in the foliage. The lowest concentration of each element except Ca was in the trunk and branches. Concentration of P in the roots was near that of the foliage, while most of the other elements were more abundant in the roots than in the trunk and branches, but less so than in the above ground active metabolic tissue.

Application of either K or Mg increased the concentration in the foliage of the element applied. Antagonistic influence between these 2 elements occurred in the foliage, but not in other tissues. Application of either K or Mg depressed levels of Ca in most portions of the tree. Application of K increased and Mg decreased Mn levels in most portions of the tree. The influence of treatments upon the concentration of other micronutrients was not clear and was usually limited to specific tissue.
Associated Effects of Mass Selection for Soil-Insect Resistances in Sweet Potato1
Authors: Jones Alfred , Cuthbert F. P.
Published: August 2022

Character associations in a sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] population after 4 cycles of selection for resistance to soil insects and in a control population with no selection were studied by use of contingency tables of pairs of traits. Possible common factors were indicated for resistances to the sweet potato flea beetle and the wireworm-Diabrotica-Systena (WDS) complex. Selection changed the means and distributions of 6 of 13 unselected root and vine traits. None of these changes were directly associated with insect resistances, but that in root cracking was caused by the grading techniques. Two traits appeared genetically associated (cortex thickness and leaf-whorl color), and 2 appeared to be expressions of the same character change (flesh-color changes were also expressed as skin-color changes). The selected population had shorter internodes than the unselected. These changes in unselected traits were probably due to drift caused by small population sizes in the selected generations. No barriers to development of insect-resistant cultivars were detected.
Effect of Spacing on Weed Competition in Sweet Corn, Snap Beans, and Onions1
Authors: Williams Frank C. , Crabtree Garvin , Mack H. J. , Laws W. Derby
Published: August 2022

Close plant spacing in bush snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.), and onions (Allium cepa L.) resulted in less weed competition, as measured by crop plant reproductive parts, than wider row spacings. Early weed competition was important in all crops but weed competition at any time reduced onion yields significantly. Corn required 2 weeks and bush snap beans 3 weeks of cultivation after emergence to eliminate losses due to weed competition. Fresh weights of weed at harvest time were significantly less (0.8 kg) in plots of bush snap beans at the narrow row spacing than in plots with the medium and wide spacings (2.8 and 2.4 kg) in an 0.81 m2 area.
Temperature and Ethylene Effects on Cut Flowers of Carnation (Dianthus carophyllus L.)1
Authors: Maxie E. C. , Farnham D. S. , Mitchell F. G. , Sommer N. F. , Parsons R. A. , Snyder R. G. , Rae H. L.
Published: August 2022

Cut carnation flowers shipped from California by air occasionally arrive at eastern markets in a senescent condition with losses greater in the warm autumn months. CO2 and C2H4 production by the flowers has a pattern similar to that of climacteric-class fruits, with senescence correlated with a rise in release of the gases.

Cut carnation flowers show an enormous increase in respiratory heat with increasing temperature: 89 BTU/ton/hour at 0°C versus 14,718 at 50°C. In C2H4-free air, the flowers tolerate elevated temperatures but their vase life is reduced. Their sensitivity to C2H4 increases dramatically with increasing temperature, with the threshold concentration partially depending on prior stresses on the flowers.

Flowers in containers exposed to direct sunlight developed temperatures as high as 49.5°C. Air temperatures inside containers shipped via jet aircraft were as high as 35°C. The C2H4 concentrations in the containers may reach 10.5 ppm.

The remarkable resistance of cut carnation flowers to mechanical injury, combined with their low metabolic rates at low temperatures, makes refrigerated surface shipments feasible and perhaps economically desirable. Their resistance to injury seems related to their light weight, the damping action of the petals, and the lack of phenolase or readily oxidizable phenolic compounds in the petals.
Factors Affecting the Firmness of Highbush Blueberries1
Authors: Ballinger W. E. , Kushman L. J. , Hamann D. D.
Published: August 2022

An Instron Universal Testing Machine was modified to measure firmness of blueberry fruit. Each blueberry was compressed between 2 flat surfaces for 1/4 its diameter at 1 cm/minute. Compression curves were linear. Small, green, unripe blueberries were extremely firm, softened appreciably as they ripened from the green to red stages but softened relatively little thereafter. Smaller blueberries tended to be slightly more firm than larger ones. Firmness varied from one harvest to another within a year and from one year to another. The firmness of fruit of some cultivars was almost double that of others. Firmness as measured by the Instron compared well (r = 0.70* and 0.81 *) with field (“chewing” or mastication) scores made by the breeder as part of his regular program. Blueberries dropped upon hard boards softened (bruised) in proportion to the distance of fall. Small increments (10.2 cm or 4-inch) of fall softened blueberries as much as large increments (40.6 cm or 16-inch) as long as the total distance (sum of increments) of fall was constant. Regardless of cultivar, size, ripeness, or initial firmness, the firmness of blueberries after a standard fall (8 drops of 40.6 cm or 16 inches each) can be predicted if their initial firmness (X) is known (Y = −0.590 + 0.627X). Bruised blueberries decayed more than those not bruised. Firmness of blueberries decreased when they were warmed and increased when they were cooled; this effect was a reversible, physical phenomenon.
Time-dependent variational Monte Carlo study of the dynamic response of bosons in an optical lattice
Authors: Gartner Mathias , Mazzanti Ferran , Zillich Robert
Published: August 2022

We study the dynamics of a one-dimensional Bose gas at unit filling
in both shallow and deep optical lattices and obtain the dynamic
structure factor \bm{S(k,\omega)}𝐒(𝐤,𝛚)
by monitoring the linear response to a weak probe pulse. We introduce a
new procedure, based on the time-dependent variational Monte Carlo
method (tVMC), which allows to evolve the system in real time, using as
a variational model a Jastrow-Feenberg wave function that includes pair
correlations. Comparison with exact diagonalization results of
\bm{S(k,\omega)}𝐒(𝐤,𝛚)
obtained on a lattice in the Bose-Hubbard limit shows good agreement of
the dispersion relation for sufficiently deep optical lattices, while
for shallow lattices we observe the influence of higher Bloch bands. We
also investigate non-linear response to strong pulses. From the power
spectrum of the density fluctuations we obtain the excitation spectrum,
albeit broadened, by higher harmonic generation after a strong pulse
with a single low wave number. As a remarkable feature of our
simulations we furthermore demonstrate that the full excitation spectrum
can be retrieved from the power spectrum of the density fluctuations due
to the stochastic noise inherent in any Monte Carlo method, without
applying an actual perturbation.
A XENOGENIC IMMUNE RESPONSE TOWARDS STZ-RINM5F CELLS REVEALS CYTOKERATIN18 AS A NOVEL IMMUNOGENIC ANTIGEN THAT MAY PREDISPOSE TOWARDS TYPE-1 DIABETES
Authors:   Subject Matter Expert Biology, Chegg India Pvt. Ltd. 401, Baani Corporate One, Jasola, New Delhi-110025. Previous Senior Research Fellow at National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Pune University Rd, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411007., Raina (PhD) Varshiesh , Razdan (PhD) Konika ,   Demonstrator in Department of Microbiology, Jammu Medical College, J & K, 180004.
Published: August 2022

Studies suggest certain stimuli like apoptosis behind the aberrant expression of circulating specific auto-antibodies in Type-1 diabetic patients. In the present study, we investigated whether Streptozotocin (a diabetogenic compound) induced apoptosis in Rat RINm5f Insulinoma cells can expose immunogenic cryptic antigens. A time course treatment of RINm5f cells with 4 mM Streptozotocin revealed 6hrs as minimal time period to induce apoptosis without much effect on viability.Subsequent immunization of mice with the untreated and Streptozotocin treated RINm5f cells revealed highly reactive sera from 6hr STZ treated cells. Hybridoma technique showed a highly reactive clone named sup160which secretedIgG1 type monoclonal antibody.Parallely, we show that 6hr STZ-RINm5f challenged mice displayed both humoral and cellular immune response, as shown by increased presence of IgG1 / IgG2a subclass of antibodies and overexpression of IFNÎ³, IL-4 and TNFÎ± in splenocytes. FACS and confocal imaging further established the reactivity of sup160 antibody with RINm5f cell surface antigen. The antigen was identified to be cytokeratin18 protein as detected by 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. In conclusion, we have successfully established a novel xenogenic mice model system for identification of new auto-antigen in Type-1 diabetes, although further studies are warranted in human subjects.
DILATATION DES BRONCHES REVELANT UN SYNDROME DE KARTAGENER : A PROPOS DUN CAS ET REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE
Authors:   DepartementDe Pneumologie, Hopital Ibn Sina, CHU, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., A. Anissa-Sahan Abdoulkader , Herrak Leila ,   DepartementDe Pneumologie, Hopital Ibn Sina, CHU, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Jniene Asma ,   DepartementDe Pneumologie, Hopital Ibn Sina, CHU, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Elftouh Mustapha ,   DepartementDe Pneumologie, Hopital Ibn Sina, CHU, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Achachi Leila ,   DepartementDe Pneumologie, Hopital Ibn Sina, CHU, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc.
Published: August 2022

Primary ciliary dyskinesias (PCD) are rare genetic diseases with autosomal recessive transmission, affecting nearly 1/15000 births, due to a structural/functional defect of cilia. Kartagener syndrome (KS) represents 50% of PCDs and is characterised by the triad of bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis and situs inversus. It is manifested by clinical signs of upper and lower respiratory infections or infertility. Situs inversus is often discovered incidentally. The diagnosis is confirmed by specialized centers and is based on analysis of ciliary ultrastructure by electron microscopy or ciliary beats by light microscopy/high speed video microscopy , measurement of nasal nitric oxide flow and genetic tests. Treatment is supportive and in line with recommendations for the management of cystic fibrosis or idiopathic adult bronchiectasies. It includes respiratory physiotherapy, antibiotic medication to treat infections, vaccinations and local treatment of the otorhinolaryngeal tract if necessary. We present here the case of a 23-year-old woman with a history of recurrent respiratory infections since her early age, who consulted for cough, chronic bronchorrhea and dyspnea. The evolution to respiratory failure is slowed by the early diagnosis and management of exacerbations.
ROLE DE LA PRISE EN CHARGE NURITIONNELLE PERI OPERATOIRE SUR LA REHABILITATION POSTOPERATOIRE EN CHIRURGIE DIGESTIVE A SOISSONS - FRANCE
Authors:   Service des Urgences Chirurgicales, Centre Hospitalier Joseph RavoahangyAndrianavalona, Antananarivo, Madagascar., TNAS Njatomalala , H. Shetiwy ,   Service de ReanimationPolyvalente, Centre Hospitalier de Soissons, France., J. Tassain ,   Service de ReanimationPolyvalente, Centre Hospitalier de Soissons, France., F. Abou-Sarhan ,   Service de chirurgie digestive et urologique, Centre Hospitalier de Soissons, France., A. Rakotondrainibe ,   Service de ReanimationChirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier Joseph RavoahangyAndrianavalona, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Published: August 2022

Perioperative nutritional management plays an essential role in postoperative rehabilitation: postoperative complications increase when perioperative malnutrition is present. Thesecomplications associatedto undernutrition can range from a simple hydro-electrolyte disorders prolonging the duration of hospitalization until death (29% versus 4% in normal subjects). Objective: To assessthe role of perioperative nutritional support on postoperative rehabilitation in digestive surgery. Type of study: Observational, analytical, prospective, monocentric study. Patients and methods: All patients hospitalized from May 2018 to April 2019 (12 months) who underwent digestive surgery by midline laparotomy were included. The ChiÂ² test was used for correlation analysis between perioperative nutrition and postoperative rehabilitation. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Forty-seven patients were selected, aged 63 [32-100] years, sex ratio 1.47. Eighteen patients received preoperative nutritional support and 44 received postoperative nutrition. Pre- and postoperative protein intakes was correlated with first rising (p = 0,036 XÂ² = 8,516) and complete ambulation (p <0,001 XÂ² = 26,605), respectively. Postoperativemobilizationwasearlier in patients who beneficiated fromearlyresumption of postoperativeenteral nutrition (p <0,001 XÂ² = 51,547). Perioperative nutrition (especially aminoacids intake) reduced the occurrence of postoperative complications and the duration of hospitalizationand improved survival at D30 (p = 0,002 XÂ² = 14,586 for preoperative amino acids, p = 0,008, XÂ² = 17,283 for postoperative amino acids). Conclusion:Digestive surgery being at risk of high morbidity and mortality, caloric and protein intake must be adequate in the perioperative period. Optimal adequate perioperative nutritional support will thus improve postoperative rehabilitation.
COMPARATIVE TREATMENTS OF EMPYEMA
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Cardio Thoracic Surgery, Patna Medical College, HospitalB/43, Housing Colony, Kankarbagh, Patna-20., Verma Amitabh
Published: August 2022

Empyema the collection of pus in pleural cavity. Its caused by an infection and can cause symptoms such as pain and shortness of breath. The study was based on 50 patients admitted to the hospital in the time period of 2 years. The different treatment methods used on the patients were Fluid removal by chest tube, a thoracotomy or by performing thoracoscopic surgery. For high-risk patient chest tube drain with repeated pleural toilet in operation theatre saved 90% patients from Decortication surgery.
STATE OF STRESS IN NURSING AND TECHNICAL HEALTH PROFESSIONS IN MOROCCO
Authors:   RegionalDirectorateofHealthandSocialProtection Marrakech-Safi Morocco., Hababa Hanane , Lafdili Leila ,   NationalSchoolofPublicHealthRabatMorocco., Boussaa Samia ,   NationalSchoolofPublicHealthRabatMorocco., Bezzaz Yasmine ,   Moroccan Obseratory of Management Practices in Morocco.
Published: August 2022

In a world where success is often measured by academic performance during university studies, and where everyone seems to be increasingly suffering from psychosocial illnesses linked to various types of pressure, it seems important to evaluate these two dimensions and to connect between them, in order to isolate favorable conditions for good mental health, combined with good academic results. The nursing student population is exposed to different stressors than the rest of the students, which is why this study is an attempt to evaluate the determinants of stress in this population within the ISPITS of Marrakech, as well as the impact of those on academic performance. The instruments used are self-administered questionnaires to students in S2 and S6 (N = 324) including a perceived stress scale. The results were analyzed using a correlational design. The findings show high levels of stress that appear to be correlated with age, sex, and work activity, with no apparent or significant connection to academic performance through appreciation. Our analyzes appear to grasp an interesting effect of the efforts made versus the rewards obtained as well as perceived demands on the stress experienced, with a slight gender effect.
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COVID-19 RELATED LUNG COMPLICATIONS ON THE INDIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Authors:   Dhirubhai Ambani International School Mumbai., Agarwal Bhavesh
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 has been spreading across the world, causing a major global crisis. Each successive wave of the pandemic is more dangerous than the previous one. The virus is constantly mutating. The Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta variants have been flagged as variants of concern. The Delta variant is especially prominent in India which has higher transmissibility. Several drugs and medicines need to be administered to severely ill patients. Adding to the problem, there have been several instances of black-marketing of drugs such as Remdesivir as they are in short supply but in huge demand. Furthermore, India is even facing an oxygen crisis where there is also a supply-demand mismatch. Many have died due to shortages of oxygen. This virus has had a massive impact on the Indian healthcare system. It may be counterintuitive but despite the huge rise in COVID-19 patients, hospitals, like nearly all other sectors, have faced big economic problems due to this virus. This virus has caused major humanitarian and economic problems. The only solutions the world has include hand-washing, wearing masks, social distancing, and vaccinations. People need to be prudent and follow these measures to reduce the impact of this pandemic and return to normalcy as fast as possible.
DIGITAL COLLABORATIVE CONSUMPTION: A TECHNO-CONSCIOUS APPROACH FOR SHARING RESOURCES
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Economics,Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra., Kukreja Ayushi , Agarwal Ritika ,   Research Scholar, Department of Economics,Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra., Gogia Jyoti ,   Professor, Department of Economics, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra.
Published: August 2022

Collaborative consumption or sharing of resources has always been an important part of human life. When collaborative consumption and digital technology collided, it gave rise to a new economic paradigm known as digital collaborative consumption. The emergence of digital collaborative consumption has paved the way for individuals to shift from conspicuous to conscious consumption of existing resources.The paper aims to discuss the various prospects of digital collaborative consumption and its role in promoting conscious consumption. The paper uses affinity mapping to describe the various areas, players, activities, channels, financial feasibility, and value propositions related to digital collaborative consumption. It also emphasizes the three levels of the collaborative consumption ecosystem. The paper concludes that digital knowledge and trust are pivotal for collaboration through digital techniques. It also suggests that digital techniques should reach the grassroots level for encouraging collaborative consumption at a larger scale.
RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS IN HEALTHCARE AND HOSPITAL INDUSTRY
Authors:   MBA in Healthcare and Hospital Administration Institute of Clinical Research India, Andheri(E)., S. Agrol Namrata , S. Agrol Himankush ,   MBA in Healthcare and Hospital Administration Institute of Clinical Research India, Andheri(E).
Published: August 2022

Bringing in manpower to any of the organizations in this world is the responsibility of Human Resource Management. HR plays as a front foot source of recruiting and selecting right and capable people for specific organizational roles. Its The Department Within The Organization Which oversees all things employee-related i.e., beginning from hiring till terminating the employee from the company. In Developing Countries, the Healthcare sector is in growing demand for the welfare of the society. Since India is booming in medical tourism owing to the emergence of many innovative healthcare organizations, here the role of HRM is critical in achieving organizational goals and success. This article encompasses the study and information regarding HRM in the hospital industry.
Comparative efficiency of oxidation processes to remove acesulfame in water treatment plants supplied by surface water sources
Authors: Sérodes Jean , Grondin Antoine , Simard Sabrina , Pelletier Geneviève , Rodriguez Manuel
Published: August 2022

The effects of oxidizing agents during water treatment on the concentration of an artificial sweetener were evaluated in full-scale conditions. Five drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) located in a northern environment with high seasonal variations which use different raw water sources and different combinations of oxidants (ozone, chlorine, UV radiation) were investigated through the removal of the artificial sweetener acesulfame (ACE) along their treatment chains. In total, 98 sampling campaigns were conducted at these DWTPs. Raw water (impacted by variable tidal and hydrodynamic conditions), partially treated water within the DWTPs, and fully treated drinking water were sampled during eight months over the period of higher variability of source water quality. Results showed ACE concentrations in raw waters vary on a seasonal basis: higher in winter and summer (when rivers have low water discharges) and lower during spring and fall. Multi-barrier treatment systems under study were effective for the removal of acesulfame due specifically to the effect of ozone and chlorine during oxidation steps, while no removal was observed using physico-chemical (coagulation flocculation, filtration) and UV treatments. Depending on the number of treatment steps that involved ozonation or chlorination and the position of these oxidative processes in the treatment chain, removal of ACE varied from 24% to 90% in the plants under study. The results indicate that increasing oxidant doses would result in better removal of ACE and other contaminants, but these strategies must consider unknown transformation products, potentially with greater toxicological effects than their precursors.
El aprendizaje inicial de la lengua escrita. La función semiótica de las imágenes visuales
Authors: Jurado Valencia Fabio , Sánchez Castellón Ligia , Cerchiaro Ceballos Elda Luz , Paba Barbosa Carmelina
Published: August 2022

Este libro es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación que trata de mostrar la relación dialéctica entre la lectura y la escritura, considerando que lo primero que aprenden a leer los niños no está regulado por la escuela, sino por el mundo familiar y el entorno cultural inmediato. Esto que aprenden a leer de manera natural, sobre todo en los espacios urbanos, está vinculado con el mundo de las imágenes visuales que, a través de la televisión, las revistas y los diarios, de las vallas, los avisos callejeros y las enunciaciones publicitarias en los bienes de consumo, es asimilado rápidamente por ellos. El proyecto en referencia se centró en el trabajo con docentes de educación básica, quienes reflexionaron sobre sus prácticas pedagógicas en busca de alternativas que permitieran que en la escuela los niños produjeran textos desde el principio, pudieran vivir el asombro de saber cómo es la lengua que hablamos y acceder paulatinamente a las competencias fundamentales para vivir en sociedad. En este libro están las voces de maestras que se interesaron por aprender algo más sobre el fenómeno social de la lectura y la escritura, preocupadas por el desdén hacia los textos impresos que ha ido acentuándose entre los adultos.