bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra-abdominal hypertension in cardiac surgery patients: a multicenter observational sub-study of the Accuryn registry
Authors: Khanna Ashish K. , Minear Steven , Kurz Andrea , Moll Vanessa , Stanton Kelly , Essakalli Leina , Prabhakar Amit ,   Predict AKI Group, Harris Lynnette C. , Sweatt Nia , Flores Kelsey , Reeves Brandon , Cusson Bruce , Nosow Lillian , Fanelli Jessica , Sands Lauren , Fowler Jacob , Howard Easton , Robinson Samuel , Wachnik Anthony , Fram Madeline , Fernando Rohesh , Garner Chandrika , Marchant Bryan , Morris Benjamin , Saha Amit , Egan Katherine , Blackwell Bev Ann
Published: June 2022

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is frequently present in the critically ill and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Conventionally, intermittent ‘spot-check’ manual measurements of bladder pressure in those perceived as high risk are used as surrogates for intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). True patterns of IAH remain unknown. We explored the incidence of IAH in cardiac surgery patients and describe the intra-and postoperative course of IAP using a novel, high frequency, automated bladder pressure measurement system. Sub-analysis of a prospective, multicenter, observational study (NCT04669548) conducted in three large academic medical centers. Continuous urinary output (CUO) and IAP measurements were observed using the Accuryn Monitoring System (Potrero Medical, Hayward, CA). Data collected included demographics, hemodynamic support, and high-frequency IAP and CUO. One Hundred Thirty-Seven cardiac surgery patients were analyzed intraoperatively and followed 48 h postoperatively in the intensive care unit. Median age was 66.4 [58.3, 72.0] years, and 61% were men. Median Foley catheter dwell time was 56.0 [46.8, 77.5] hours, and median baseline IAP was 6.3 [4.0, 8.1] mmHg. 93% (128/137) of patients were in IAH grade I, 82% (113/137) in grade II, 39% (53/137) in grade III, and 5% (7/137) in grade IV for at least 12 cumulative hours. For maximum consecutive duration of IAH, 84% (115/137) of patients spent at least 12 h in grade I, 62% (85/137) in grade II, 18% (25/137) in grade III, and 2% (3/137) in grade IV IAH. During the first 48 h after cardiac surgery, IAH is common and persistent. Improved and automated monitoring of IAP will increase the detection of IAH—which normally would remain undetected using traditional intermittent monitoring methods.
A Culture of Health and Alcohol-Permitted Events at a U.S. University
Authors: Nieri Tanya , Webb Megan , Goodwin Deja , Yoo Min
Published: June 2022

We examined event organizers’ understandings and management of alcohol-related risk and accommodation of people in recovery from substance use disorders and other non-drinkers, when organizing alcohol-permitted events that primarily involved faculty, staff, and graduate students. We interviewed 31 event organizers at a large, public university in California. Organizers were most concerned about avoiding legal liabilities, were less concerned about promoting responsible drinking among drinkers, and often failed to consider the needs of non-drinkers. Their actions were informed by problematic beliefs about alcohol (e.g., people need alcohol to relax and socialize), drinkers (e.g., only undergraduate students engage in risky alcohol consumption), and people in recovery (e.g., they lack self-control). Organizers over-relied on informal control to shape attendees’ behavior, failing to acknowledge contextual factors. They need education on how they can shape the event context to better promote healthy behaviors, avoid exclusively focusing on informal control and prevention of unhealthy behaviors, and promote better inclusion of people who do not drink alcohol. There is fertile ground for infusing a culture of health into events in higher education.
Quantifying the link between employee engagement, and customer satisfaction and retention in the car rental industry
Authors: Khwaja Ahmed , Yang Nathan
Published: June 2022

In the retail service industry, employee engagement may play an important role in customer satisfaction and retention, as employees often interact directly with customers. This paper investigates the empirical link between employee engagement and customer satisfaction and retention by analyzing a unique data set from a large car rental company. Our analysis makes use of retirement-induced employee turnover as an exclusion restriction that is plausibly induced by employee age, thereby allowing for variation in employee engagement that is partially exogenous to common underlying factors that also impact customer satisfaction and retention. We show that there is a positive effect of employee engagement on customer satisfaction and retention. Further analysis of moderating effects highlight potential limits to employee engagement, as service disruptions in the form of car downgrades can dampen the positive effects of employee engagement. However, despite the dampened impact of employee engagement its overall effect remains positive indicating that employee engagement can be a key factor in building resilience to unforeseen service disruptions.
Altruism, social norms, and incentive contract design
Authors: Abernethy Margaret A. , Bouwens Jan , Hofmann Christian , van Lent Laurence
Published: June 2022

We study theoretically and empirically the relation between altruism and incentive contract design. Theoretically, we extend Fischer and Huddart (2008) to investigate how social norms reinforce managers’ altruistic preferences, thus affecting the optimal contract design related to incentive strength and performance measurement. Empirically, we draw on the notion of an organization’s work climate to capture managers’ altruistic preferences. Using data collected from a sample of 557 managers, we find that in a work climate where managers are mostly out for themselves, firms have lower pay-for-performance sensitivity and place a greater weight on aggregate performance measures. In addition, respondents report that they engage more in undesirable actions that are unproductive and costly to firm owners. In contrast, in a work climate where managers care about others (including peers in their organizational unit), firms place lower weights on aggregate performance measures. At the same time, respondents report that they supply more effort and engage less in undesirable actions.
Graduates of venture creation programs – where do they apply their entrepreneurial competencies?
Authors: Alsos Gry , Hägg Gustav , Lundqvist Mats , Politis Diamanto , Stockhaus Martin , Williams-Middleton Karen , Djupdal Kari
Published: June 2022

The assessment of entrepreneurship education outcomes should move beyond a focus on firm creation and associated economic impact to consider a more nuanced view that pays attention to graduates and their entrepreneurial competencies. There is currently limited understanding to what extent entrepreneurial competencies developed through entrepreneurship education are applied in graduates’ subsequent careers across various occupational roles, either as employees or as self-employed. Our analysis is based on a survey administered to 556 graduates from three Nordic master-level entrepreneurship education programs (1997–2018), all identified as venture creation programs. We find that, to a large extent, entrepreneurial competencies developed through venture creation programs are applied in subsequent careers across multiple occupational roles encompassing self-employment, hybrid entrepreneurship, and intrapreneurship. Entrepreneurship education is relevant not only to new firm creation but also to entrepreneurial positions in established organizations when it comes to graduates’ application of entrepreneurial competencies in subsequent careers.
Does foreign ownership promote environmental protection? Evidence from firm-level data
Authors: Balaguer Jacint , Cuadros Ana , García-Quevedo Jose
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the role played by foreign ownership as a determinant of the environmental behaviour of Spanish manufacturing firms. Unlike previous studies, our analysis distinguishes between current expenditure on and investment in environmental protection as a way of examining potential differences in the firms’ short- and long-term strategies. The results show how foreign capital boosts expenditure and especially investment. We also highlight the relevance of accounting for heterogeneity at the firm level by focusing on certain structural characteristics that are key in the manufacturing sector, namely, the size of the firm and the sector of activity where it operates. Our results show that size has a positive effect on firms’ decisions about environmental protection. The empirical results also reveal that the beneficial impact of foreign investment is mainly channelled through small firms and it is most evident in industries which are subject to less environmental regulation. Our findings may have pertinent implications regarding the determinants of firms’ environmental behaviour and about the effectiveness of foreign participation as a mechanism for overcoming potential barriers in the adoption of environmental protection measures by small firms.
Feminine Gender Role Discrepancy Strain and Women’s Self-Esteem in Daily and Weekly Life: A Person x Context Perspective
Authors: Harrington Auguste G. , Overall Nickola C. , Maxwell Jessica A.
Published: June 2022

Social pressures to adhere to traditional feminine roles may place some women at risk of experiencing gender role discrepancy strain, when they behave, think, or feel in ways discrepant from feminine gender role expectations. The current research examines how person-level propensity to experience feminine gender-role discrepancy strain—feminine gender role stress (FGRS)—and contextual experiences of discrepancy strain—feeling less feminine in daily or weekly life—combine to undermine women’s self-esteem. After completing measures of FGRS, undergraduate women reported their feelings of femininity and self-esteem each day for 10 days (Study 1, N = 207, 1,881 daily records) or each week for 7 weeks (Study 2, N = 165, 1,127 weekly records). This repeated assessments design provided the first tests of whether within-person decreases in felt-femininity were associated with lower self-esteem, particularly for women who were higher in FGRS. Both higher FGRS and within-person decreases in daily/weekly felt-femininity were associated with lower self-esteem, but higher FGRS combined with daily/weekly decreases in felt-femininity predicted the lowest self-esteem (a person x context interaction). These results illustrate the importance of considering how person-level predispositions and contextual experiences of gender-role discrepancy strain combine to influence self-relevant outcomes for women.
Preferences for Rent Control: Between Political Geography and Political Economy
Authors: Cohen Denis
Published: June 2022

Following geographically concentrated changes in housing markets, real estate prices have skyrocketed in many cities and metropolitan areas across Germany. These developments have not only shifted the macro-level distribution of asset wealth among homeowners but have also resulted in price spikes in rental markets, which in turn have intensified social and economic risks among renters. This preregistered study aims to provide a theoretical rationale for, and first-time insights into, the determinants of individual preferences for rent control. It argues that policy preferences are shaped by individuals’ economic and geographic positions in the housing market. It not only explores differences between homeowners and renters but also considers how heterogeneity in exposure to the burden of rental costs—structured by local rents and disposable income—explains differences within the group of renters. The results reveal the precedence of egotropic considerations over geotropic effects of common market exposures. Homeowners oppose rent control far more strongly than renters do, whose support for rent control is primarily a function of income. Market rents, in contrast, only heighten support for rent control among low-income renters. These findings deepen our understanding of the politicization of housing policy in Germany and advance important debates on political reactions to housing markets.
Hybrid semiparametric Bayesian networks
Authors: Atienza David , Larrañaga Pedro , Bielza Concha
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a new class of Bayesian networks called hybrid semiparametric Bayesian networks, which can model hybrid data (discrete and continuous data) by mixing parametric and nonparametric estimation models. The parametric estimation models can represent a conditional linear Gaussian relationship between variables, while the nonparametric estimation model can represent other types of relationships, such as non-Gaussian and nonlinear relationships. This new class of Bayesian networks generalizes the conditional linear Gaussian Bayesian networks, including them as a special case. In addition, we describe a learning procedure for the structure and the parameters of our proposed type of Bayesian network. This learning procedure finds the best combination of parametric and nonparametric models automatically from data. This requires the definition of a cross-validated score. We also detail how new data can be sampled from a hybrid semiparametric Bayesian network, which in turn can be useful to solve other related tasks, such as inference. Furthermore, we intuitively relate our proposal with adaptive kernel density estimation models. The experimental results show that hybrid semiparametric Bayesian networks are a valuable contribution when dealing with data that do not meet the parametric assumptions that are expected for other models, such as conditional linear Gaussian Bayesian networks. We include experiments with synthetic data and real-world data from the UCI repository which demonstrate the good performance and the ability to extract useful information about the relationship between the variables in the model.
Comments on: hybrid semiparametric Bayesian networks
Authors: Sperlich Stefan
Published: June 2022

This note comments on the article of David Atienza, Pedro Larrañaga and Concha Bielza in which they first review recent contributions to Bayesian networks and then introduce a new hybrid version. It combines parametric and nonparametric density estimates for continuous variables by simultaneously allowing for discrete parents. We discuss straightforward extensions of the linear Gaussian parts and potential smoothing over the outcomes of discrete parents and conclude with some minor comments.
Thymic neuroendocrine tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Yliaska Iina , Tokola Heikki , Ebeling Tapani , Kuismin Outi , Ukkola Olavi , Koivikko Minna L. , Lesonen Timo , Rimpiläinen Jussi , Felin Tuuli , Ryhänen Eeva , Metso Saara , Schalin-Jäntti Camilla , Salmela Pasi
Published: June 2022

Objective

MEN1 is associated with an increased risk of developing tumors in different endocrine organs. Neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus (TNETs) are very rare but often have an aggressive nature. We evaluated patients with MEN1 and TNET in three university hospitals in Finland.

Design/Methods

We evaluated patient records of 183 MEN1-patients from three university hospitals between the years 1985–2019 with TNETs. Thymus tumor specimens were classified according to the new WHO 2021 classification of TNET. We collected data on treatments and outcomes of these patients.

Results

There were six patients (3.3%) with MEN1 and TNET. Five of them had the same common gene mutation occurring in Finland. They originated from common ancestors encompassing two pairs of brothers from sequential generations. The mean age at presentation of TNET was 44.7 ± 11.9 years. TNET was classified as atypical carcinoid (AC) in five out of six patients. One patient had a largely necrotic main tumor with very few mitoses and another nodule with 25 mitoses per 2 mm2, qualifying for the 2021 WHO diagnosis of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). In our patients, the 5-year survival of the TNET patients was 62.5% and 10-year survival 31.3%.

Conclusion

In this study, TNETs were observed in one large MEN1 founder pedigree, where an anticipation-like earlier disease onset was observed in the most recent generation. TNET in MEN1 patients is an aggressive disease. The prognosis can be better by systematic screening. We also show that LCNEC can be associated with TNET in MEN1 patients.
Study of the Technology for Gold Recovery from Gravity-Flotation Concentrate from Ore Beneficiation with the use of Oxidizing Reagents
Authors: Koizhanova A. K. , Berkinbayeva A. N. , Magomedov D. R. , Azlan M. N. , Atanova O. V. , Kamalov E. M. , Erdenova M. B.
Published: June 2022

Gold-containing ore processing technology has been developed by using chemical, X-ray phase, mineralogical, X-ray fluorescence analyses. The results of experiments on the gold recovery from a concentrate with a particle size of 10 and 4 µm are presented, including options for direct cyanidation without preliminary oxygen oxidation, as well as with the use of preliminary oxidation of Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) and Sulfanol surfactant (SAS). It was found that the test sample contains 24.74 g/t Au; 11.66% S; 18.51% Fe. The content of sulfide minerals is 36.1%, the main sulfides are arsenopyrite (25.4%) and pyrite (10.7%). Microscopic examination of the combined gravity-flotation concentrate revealed ultrafine, fine and visible gold dust particles both in free form and in aggregations with waste rock. The particle size of Au in the product varies from 0.5 to 18.8 μm. 77.12% of gold is recovered from concentrate of 10 μm by direct cyanidation. “Sulfanol” was used to recover 83.71% of gold. Pre-treatment with TCCA yielded 85.61% of gold. Recovery of gold from the 4 μm concentrate was 75.38% for direct cyanidation, 78.79% for cyanidation with Sulfanol surfactant, 76.52% for cyanidation with TCCA.
How does firms' broadband adoption affect regional TFP in Italy?
Authors: Giannini Massimo , Martini Barbara , Fiorelli Cristiana
Published: June 2022

In the literature, the positive effect of ICT on labour productivity and, in general, economic growth is vast and well consolidated. This paper wants to go beyond the general term of ICT and look inside the "black box." In particular, broadband adoption among Italian firms is critical for productivity. Hence, we focus on broadband adoption and internet facilities and how they affect the firms' total factor productivity in the Italian business sector firms at NUTS2 over the period 2003–2018. Italy is indeed still characterized by a robust North–South divide. Our question is: can we exploit the digital advantage for filling the productivity gap? To answer, we are going to use a classical two-stage approach. In the first one, the TFP is filtered out using both a semi-parametric approach and a parametric one (spatial ML). The second step investigates its determinants, using broadband firms' adoption as a covariate in an ECM augmented by spatial spillovers, controlling for competitivity, internationalization, and human capital. Our results show a positive relationship between TFP and broadband adoption (cointegration), including regional spillovers; this positive effect spreads to GVA. Moreover, our results show that digitalization makes Southern regions more resilient to external shocks.
A Novel Method to Improve the Physical Property and Biocompatibility of Decellularized Heart Valve Scaffold with Sericin and Polydopamine
Authors: Bai Peng , Kong Gangcheng , Qiao Weihua , Song Yu , Wang Yixuan , Shi Jiawei , Zhang Nan , Liu Chungeng , Chu Chong , Xiong Tixiusi , Zhou Ying , Lu Cuifen , Wang Lin , Dong Nianguo
Published: June 2022

Cardiac valve replacement is an effective method to treat valvular heart disease. Artificial valves used routinely in clinic still have defects. In our study, we explored a novel method to modify the performance of Decellularized Heart Valve (DHV) scaffold. The decellularized porcine aortic valve was prepared using sequential hydrophile and lipophile solubilization method. The sericin was extracted from silk fibroin-deficient silkworm cocoon by lithium bromide method. First, DHV was immersed in sericin solution to produce the sericin–DHV composite scaffold. Then, we modified the DHV by making a Polydopamine (PDA) coating on the DHV first and then binding the sericin. The physical properties and biological compatibility of our composite scaffold were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Sericin were successfully prepared, combined to DHV and improved its biocompatibility. PDA coating further promoted the combination of sericin on DHV and improved the physical properties of scaffolds. The decay rate of our modified valve scaffold was decreased in vivo and it showed good compatibility with blood. In conclusion, our modification improved the physical properties and biocompatibility of the valve scaffold. The combination of PDA and sericin promoted the recellularization of decellularized valves, showing great potential to be a novel artificial valve.
High-density individually addressable platinum nanoelectrodes for biomedical applications
Authors: Raj Vidur , Gopakumar Aswani , Vaidya Gayatri , Scott John , Toth Milos , Jagadish Chennupati , Gautam Vini
Published: June 2022

3-D vertical nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs) have found applications in several biomedical and sensing applications, including high-resolution neuronal excitation and measurement and single-molecule electrochemical biosensing. There have been several reports on high-density nanoelectrodes in recent years, with the filling ratio of electrodes reaching close to 0.002 (assuming the electrode diameter of 200 nm and pitch of 4 μm). Still, it is well below the nanowire filling ratio required to form interconnected neuronal networks, i.e., more than 0.14 (assuming the electrode diameter of 200 nm and pitch of 1.5 μm). Here, we employ a multi-step, large-area electron beam lithography procedure along with a targeted, focused ion beam based metal deposition technique to realize an individually addressable, 60-channel nanoelectrode chip with a filling ratio as high as 0.16, which is well within the limit required for the formation of interconnected neuronal networks. Moreover, we have designed the NEA chip to be compatible with the commercially available MEA2100-System, which can, in the future, enable the chip to be readily used for obtaining data from individual electrodes. We also perform an in-depth electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characterization to show that the electrochemical behavior and the charge transfer mechanism in the array are significantly influenced by changing the thickness of the SU-8 planarization layer (i.e., the thickness of the exposed platinum surface). In addition to neural signal excitation and measurement, we propose that these NEA chips have the potential for other future applications, such as high-resolution single-molecule level electrochemical and bio-analyte sensing.
Interlaboratory comparison of an intestinal triple culture to confirm transferability and reproducibility
Authors: Kämpfer Angela A. M. , Shah Ume-Kulsoom , Chu Shui L. , Busch Mathias , Büttner Veronika , He Ruiwen , Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara , Schins Roel P. F. , Jenkins Gareth J.
Published: June 2022

The development and improvement of advanced intestinal in vitro models has received increasing attention in recent years. While the availability of relevant in vitro models is pivotal to advance the replacement and reduction of animal use in research, their robustness is a crucial determinant for intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility. We have developed a standard protocol to build a triple culture model combining two types of human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2, HT29-MTX-E12) and macrophages (THP-1), which was tested for transferability and reproducibility between three laboratories. The epithelial tissue barrier development and triple culture stability were investigated as well as the models’ responses to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac in terms of barrier integrity, cytotoxicity, and cytokine release. The results of two partner laboratories were compared to previously established benchmark results and quality criteria. For the epithelial co-cultures, the results were overall highly comparable between the laboratories. The addition of THP-1 cells resulted in increased variability and reduced reproducibility. While good correlation was achieved in several endpoints, others showed substantial response differences between the laboratories. Some variations may be addressed with training or demonstrations, whereas others might be related to fundamental differences in the cell lines introduced during routine cell culture and maintenance. Our results underline the importance of interlaboratory transfer studies using standardised experimental procedures, including defined quality criteria and benchmarks, as well as of training when newly establishing complex in vitro models in laboratories.
Polyphenic risk score shows robust predictive ability for long-term future suicidality
Authors: Cheng M. , Roseberry K. , Choi Y. , Quast L. , Gaines M. , Sandusky G. , Kline J. A. , Bogdan P. , Niculescu A. B.
Published: June 2022

Suicides are preventable tragedies, if risk factors are tracked and mitigated. We had previously developed a new quantitative suicidality risk assessment instrument (Convergent Functional Information for Suicidality, CFI-S), which is in essence a simple polyphenic risk score, and deployed it in a busy urban hospital Emergency Department, in a naturalistic cohort of consecutive patients. We report a four years follow-up of that population (n = 482). Overall, the single administration of the CFI-S was significantly predictive of suicidality over the ensuing 4 years (occurrence- ROC AUC 80%, severity- Pearson correlation 0.44, imminence-Cox regression Hazard Ratio 1.33). The best predictive single phenes (phenotypic items) were feeling useless (not needed), a past history of suicidality, and social isolation. We next used machine learning approaches to enhance the predictive ability of CFI-S. We divided the population into a discovery cohort (n = 255) and testing cohort (n = 227), and developed a deep neural network algorithm that showed increased accuracy for predicting risk of future suicidality (increasing the ROC AUC from 80 to 90%), as well as a similarity network classifier for visualizing patient’s risk. We propose that the widespread use of CFI-S for screening purposes, with or without machine learning enhancements, can boost suicidality prevention efforts. This study also identified as top risk factors for suicidality addressable social determinants.
Emotional distress, stress, anxiety, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early- to mid-career women in healthcare sciences research
Authors: Bittar Noor , Cohee Andrea , Bhamidipalli Surya Sruthi , Savoy April , Ismail Heba M.
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

The main objective of this study was to report stress and anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic on early- to mid-career women researchers in healthcare sciences research and determine the associated factors.

Methods:

A 50-item self-administered internet questionnaire was developed using a mix of Likert-type scales and open-ended response questions. The survey was distributed June 10–August 3, 2020. Anxiety and stress as well as personal/family demands were assessed through validated measures (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS]-Anxiety Short Form and Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]) and open-ended responses.

Results:

One hundred and fifty-one early-career women in healthcare sciences research completed the survey; mean respondent age was 37.3 ± 5.2 years; and all had a college degree or higher, 50.3% holding a PhD and 35.8% MD. Race and ethnicity were reported in 128; the majority were White (74.0%). One-third (31.2%) reported being “very much” concerned about reaching their research productivity goals and 30.1% were “very much” concerned about academic promotion and tenure. Fifty percent reported a “moderate” PROMIS anxiety score and 72.1% reported a “moderate” PSS score. For the open-ended responses, 65.6% reported a worry about their professional goals because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Major concerns revolved around finances, childcare, and job security.

Conclusions:

Throughout the pandemic, early- and mid-career women in healthcare sciences research have reported moderate to high overall stress, anxiety, and worries. These concerns appear related to household settings, additional responsibilities, financial concerns, and reduced research productivity. Institutions and funding agencies should take these concerns into consideration and offer support.
Universal Digital Twin: Integration of national-scale energy systems and climate data
Authors: Savage Thomas , Akroyd Jethro , Mosbach Sebastian , Krdzavac Nenad , Hillman Michael , Kraft Markus
Published: June 2022

This article applies a knowledge graph-based approach to unify multiple heterogeneous domains inherent in climate and energy supply research. Existing approaches that rely on bespoke models with spreadsheet-type inputs are noninterpretable, static and make it difficult to combine existing domain specific models. The difficulties inherent to this approach become increasingly prevalent as energy supply models gain complexity while society pursues a net-zero future. In this work, we develop new ontologies to extend the World Avatar knowledge graph to represent gas grids, gas consumption statistics, and climate data. Using a combination of the new and existing ontologies we construct a Universal Digital Twin that integrates data describing the systems of interest and specifies respective links between domains. We represent the UK gas transmission system, and HadUK-Grid climate data set as linked data for the first time, formally associating the data with the statistical output areas used to report governmental administrative data throughout the UK. We demonstrate how computational agents contained within the World Avatar can operate on the knowledge graph, incorporating live feeds of data such as instantaneous gas flow rates, as well as parsing information into interpretable forms such as interactive visualizations. Through this approach, we enable a dynamic, interpretable, modular, and cross-domain representation of the UK that enables domain specific experts to contribute toward a national-scale digital twin.
Measure-theoretically mixing subshifts with low complexity
Authors: CREUTZ DARREN , PAVLOV RONNIE , RODOCK SHAUN
Published: June 2022

We introduce a class of rank-one transformations, which we call extremely elevated staircase transformations. We prove that they are measure-theoretically mixing and, for any
$f : \mathbb {N} \to \mathbb {N}$
with
$f(n)/n$
increasing and
$\sum 1/f(n) < \infty $
, that there exists an extremely elevated staircase with word complexity
$p(n) = o(f(n))$
. This improves the previously lowest known complexity for mixing subshifts, resolving a conjecture of Ferenczi.
Six kilowatt record all-fiberized and narrow-linewidth fiber amplifier with near-diffraction-limited beam quality
Authors: Wang Guangjian , Song Jiaxin , Chen Yisha , Ren Shuai , Ma Pengfei , Liu Wei , Yao Tianfu , Zhou Pu
Published: June 2022

In this work, an all-fiberized and narrow-linewidth fiber amplifier with record output power and near-diffraction-limited beam quality is presented. Up to 6.12 kW fiber laser with the conversion efficiency of approximately 78.8% is achieved through the fiber amplifier based on a conventional step-index active fiber. At the maximum output power, the 3 dB spectral linewidth is approximately 0.86 nm and the beam quality factor is M
x
2 = 1.43, M
y
2 = 1.36. We have also measured and compared the output properties of the fiber amplifier employing different pumping schemes. Notably, the practical power limit of the fiber amplifier could be estimated through the maximum output powers of the fiber amplifier employing unidirectional pumping schemes. Overall, this work could provide a good reference for the optimal design and potential exploration of high-power narrow-linewidth fiber laser systems.
Metabolic regulation of subcellular sucrose cleavage inferred from quantitative analysis of metabolic functions
Authors: Nägele Thomas
Published: June 2022

Quantitative analysis of experimental metabolic data is frequently challenged by non-intuitive, complex patterns which emerge from regulatory networks. The complex output of metabolic regulation can be summarised by metabolic functions which comprise information about dynamics of metabolite concentrations. In a system of ordinary differential equations, metabolic functions reflect the sum of biochemical reactions which affect a metabolite concentration, and their integration over time reveals metabolite concentrations. Further, derivatives of metabolic functions provide essential information about system dynamics and elasticities. Here, invertase-driven sucrose hydrolysis was simulated in kinetic models on a cellular and subcellular level. Both Jacobian and Hessian matrices of metabolic functions were derived for quantitative analysis of kinetic regulation of sucrose metabolism. Model simulations suggest that transport of sucrose into the vacuole represents a central regulatory element in plant metabolism during cold acclimation which preserves control of metabolic functions and limits feedback-inhibition of cytosolic invertases by elevated hexose concentrations.
Death-Defying: Voluntary Death as Honorable Ideal in the German-Japanese Alliance
Authors: Panzer Sarah
Published: June 2022

In August 1942, an internal Sicherheitsdienst (SD) memorandum raised concerns surrounding the media currently circulating in Germany about its Asian ally: “The previous view, that the German soldier is the best in the world, has become somewhat confused by descriptions of the Japanese swimmers who removed mines laid outside Hong Kong, or of the death-defying Japanese pilots who swooped down upon enemy ships with their bombs. This has resulted in something a bit like an inferiority complex. The Japanese look like a kind of ‘Super-Teuton’ [Germane im Quadrat].” In its anxiety that the German public might be taking the wrong lessons from the incessant drumbeat of positive news coverage around Japan's string of victories in the winter of 1941–1942, this statement speaks to the ambivalent position of the Japanese within Nazi propaganda. On the one hand, these images of Japanese self-sacrificial loyalty to the nation reaffirmed the patterns of behavior and thought commonly valorized in the Nazi regime's captive media. At the same time, the reality that it was the Japanese—and not the Germans themselves—performing these feats of valor raised the comparison that the author found so demoralizing, and potentially even destabilizing. Nevertheless, despite the author's reservations, the conclusion was that this media's benefits outweighed the political risks because of its utility in highlighting the “inner weaknesses of Europe” for those elements of the German public still skeptical of National Socialism. In effect, the memorandum conceded, images of Japanese heroism could be persuasive as propaganda because they revealed the weakness and corruption endemic to Western modernity by contrast, which in turn affirmed the Nazi regime's decision to stake its future on a utopian “counter-modernity” framed around a synthesis of völkisch cultural authenticity and technological modernism.
The Early Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the Neo-Tethys: constraints from zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the Liuqiong adakite, Gongga, Tibet
Authors: Zhong Yao , Yang Wen-Guang , Zhu Li-Dong , Xie Long , Mai Yuan-Jun , Li Nan , Zhou Yu , Zhang Hong-Liang , Tong Xia , Feng Wei-Na
Published: June 2022

The subduction model of the Neo-Tethys during the Early Cretaceous has always been a controversial topic, and the scarcity of Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks in the southern part of the Gangdese batholith is the main cause of this debate. To address this issue, this article presents new zircon U–Pb chronology, zircon Hf isotope, whole-rock geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotope data for the Early Cretaceous quartz diorite dykes with adakite affinity in Liuqiong, Gongga. Zircon U–Pb dating of three samples yielded ages of c. 141–137 Ma, indicating that the Liuqiong quartz diorite was emplaced in the Early Cretaceous. The whole-rock geochemical analysis shows that the Liuqiong quartz diorite is enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare-earth elements (LREEs) and is depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs), which are related to slab subduction. Additionally, the Liuqiong quartz diorite has high SiO2, Al2O3 and Sr contents, high Sr/Y ratios and low heavy rare-earth element (HREE) and Y contents, which are compatible with typical adakite signatures. The initial 87Sr/86Sr values of the Liuqiong adakite range from 0.705617 to 0.705853, and the whole-rock ϵNd(t) values vary between +5.78 and +6.24. The zircon ϵHf(t) values vary from +11.5 to +16.4. Our results show that the Liuqiong adakite magma was derived from partial melting of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic plate (mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) + sediment + fluid), with some degree of subsequent peridotite interaction within the overlying mantle wedge. Combining regional data, we favour the interpretation that the Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust was subducted at a low angle beneath the Gangdese during the Early Cretaceous.
Evangelical Christianity as Infrastructure in Brazil's Penal System
Authors: Thompson David C.
Published: June 2022

This article contends that Brazil's evangelical Christian networks increasingly function as penal infrastructure. Since the 1990s, the scale and scope of evangelical involvement in the criminal justice system have grown significantly. One clear result is that the capillary relationships that constitute Christian community now mobilise resources to support or even substitute the basic functions of punishment. I draw on fieldwork in Rio de Janeiro to understand this shift and its broader implications for the Brazilian project of incarceration. I also make a general claim for thinking with and through infrastructure as a pathway to understand penal governance.
Seagrass ‘fairy circles’ on the Isles of Scilly
Authors: Warwick Richard M.
Published: June 2022

Perfectly circular patches bare of vegetation in otherwise continuous swards of seagrass, and perfect circles of seagrass with lush fringes of shoots on the outer margins but with virtually bare centres, have both attracted popular attention as ‘fairy circles’ or ‘fairy rings’ in view of the folklore surrounding the supernatural origins of their terrestrial fungal counterparts. Aerial photographic and satellite surveys show that, on the Isles of Scilly, circles of Zostera marina of the second type occur sporadically, with exceptionally prolific clusters in specific localities associated with the colonization of bare substratum after disturbance, gradually disappearing over the period of this study at one site and appearing at another. Their abundance is the highest recorded anywhere in the world. Early suggestions that they represent seaweed growth on the stones of ancient hut-circles, submerged for centuries as a result of sea-level rise, are refuted. It is argued that they result from the unrestricted clonal growth of genets arising from individual Zostera seedlings, expanding equally in two dimensions and colonizing vacant habitat, with the older central shoots senescing and dying. Diameters of the circles constitute a stepwise increase in size, and the growth increments may represent a similar rate of seasonal growth in consecutive years, implying a linear rhizome growth rate of ~2.5 m year−1, which would be exceptional for Zostera marina, but which is supported by an observation on circles exposed on a low spring tide and would be an evolutionary adaptation for rapid recolonization in such a physically disturbed environment.
Analysis of a long-term dataset of Antillean manatee strandings in Belize: implications for conservation
Authors: Galves Jamal , Galves Celeshia Guy , Gomez Nicole Auil , Bonde Robert K. , Powell James , Alvarez-Alemán Anmari , Castelblanco-Martínez Nataly
Published: June 2022

We analysed 23 years of data on strandings of the Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus in Belize, documented by the Belize Marine Mammal Stranding Network, to examine the threats to this population. A total of 451 stranding incidents were reported, of which 376 (83.4%) cases were verified. A total of 286 (63.4%) of the incidents occurred within Belize District, where the number of strandings has almost tripled since 2009. Watercraft collisions accounted for the highest number of strandings, with 131 confirmed cases, and is the leading cause of anthropogenic mortality for this population. Collision with watercraft is an emerging and major threat to manatees in Belize, and is correlated with increases in human activity, in particular associated with tourism. This finding of high levels of manatee deaths in Belize is consistent with trends previously reported for manatees in Florida and Puerto Rico. This work can provide guidance to detect and address similar patterns of mortality in other Antillean manatee populations across the species' range. There is a need for greater awareness of the threats facing the species and its habitat, for stakeholder partnerships to address these threats, implementation of legislation for the protection of manatees, and consistent enforcement of regulations to protect this population. Boating regulations, such as no-wake zones within areas of high manatee presence, as well as regulation of tourism boating activities, need to be implemented to reduce the threats to the species.
Pre-operative nutritional status and its association with short-term post-operative outcomes in Iranian children with CHD
Authors: Aryafar Maryam , Mahdavi Mohammad , Shahzadi Hossein , Gabeleh Fatemeh , Nasrollahzadeh Javad
Published: June 2022

Background:

Nutritional assessment appears to be an essential component of the evaluation of children with CHD undergoing surgery because nutritional status may impact corrective surgery-associated morbidity.

Methods:

A prospective single-centre cohort study with children between 6 and 24 months of age. Patients who had genetic syndromes or those who were premature or low birthweight at birth were excluded. Pre-operative nutritional parameters included anthropometric measurements and serum concentrations of total protein, vitamin D, iron, and ferritin. Outcome measures included ICU length of stay, mechanical ventilation, vasoactive-inotropic score, and duration of inotropes. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine whether pre-operative variables were associated with outcomes.

Results:

Analysis was performed on 120 patients (median age of 8 months), of whom 67 were male. Prior to surgery, 50.8% of patients had reduced (z ≤ −2.0) weight-for-age z score, 23.3% had reduced length-for-age z score, and 59.2% had reduced mid-upper arm circumference z score. Pre-operative serum total protein levels were 59.36 ± 9.16 g/L. Multiple regression analysis showed that low serum protein was associated with longer ICU length of stay and length of mechanical ventilation, while mid-upper arm circumference z score ≤ −2 was associated with longer ICU length of stay and mechanical ventilation and inotropes duration.

Conclusions:

Pre-operative assessment of nutritional status by performing anthropometric and biochemical measurements including mid-upper arm circumference z score and serum protein concentrations in children undergoing CHD surgery appears to be predictors of some post-operative short-term outcomes and could be used as a guide to highlight patients needing appropriate perioperative nutritional interventions.
Gender Research in Political Science Journals: A Dataset
Authors: Barnett Carolyn , FitzGerald Michael , Krumbholz Katie , Lamba Manika
Published: June 2022

Research on gender and politics is becoming increasingly mainstreamed within political science. To document this process, we introduce a comprehensive dataset of articles published in 37 political science journals through 2019 that can be considered “gender and politics” research. Whereas recent related literature has explored the descriptive representation of women in political science by examining authorship and citation patterns, we argue that the identification of publications substantively focused on gender and politics not only illuminates trends but also can contribute to broader conversations about substantive representation and methodological diversity in the discipline. This article highlights the theoretical challenges of identifying gender and politics research and analyzes major trends in the substantive representation of gender in the journals over time. This dataset is useful for scholars who are interested in the evolution of salient topics in gender and politics research and patterns of citation.
Entspannung
Authors: Heidenreich Thomas , Chmitorz Andrea
Published: June 2022

Phänomene der Anspannung und des Stresserlebens sind sehr weit verbreitet. Viele Menschen versuchen daher, entspannenden Alltagstätigkeiten nachzugehen. Davon zu unterscheiden ist der psychotherapeutische Kontext, in dem es darum geht, Patientinnen und Patienten Entspannungsmethoden auf systematische Weise und auf der Basis eines spezifischen ätiologischen Modells zu vermitteln und die Methoden in einen umfassenden Therapieplan zu integrieren. Unabhängig vom Kontext ist allen Entspannungsmethoden gemeinsam, dass sie zum Erlernen regelmäßige Übung über längere Zeiträume erfordern.
Das Erlernen einer systematischen Entspannungsmethode steht im Zentrum dieses Buches. Neben theoretischen, physiologischen und psychologischen Grundlagen von Entspannung und Hinweisen dazu, bei welchen Störungsbilder, sich der Einsatz von Entspannungsmethoden besonders anbietet, werden verschiedene Entspannungsmethoden vorgestellt. Der Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf der Darstellung der Progressiven Muskelentspannung und dem Autogenen Training. Darüber hinaus wird auf verwandte Interventionen wie Meditation, Hypnose, Biofeedback und Imagination eingegangen. Der Band enthält eine Vielzahl von Instruktionen zur Anwendung der Entspannungsmethoden in der täglichen psychotherapeutischen Arbeit mit Patientinnen und Patienten aller Altersstufen.
Experience-Based Competency Training in Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy
Authors: Ehrenthal Johannes C. , Clauss Johannes , Tettenborn Alexandra von , Reck Corinna
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Background: Compared to adult psychotherapy training, there is little knowledge about the use of standardized actor-patients (SPs) for the development of professional competencies for younger patient populations. Objective: We assessed the effectiveness of two university-based training programs for diagnostic as well as intervention skills in child and adolescent psychotherapy. Methods: Psychology students took part in two courses on the development of diagnostic competencies ( N = 59) and on intervention skills ( N = 51). We applied active and experience-based learning strategies, including exercises on self-awareness, mindfulness, peer role-play, and the use of SPs. Competence gain as well as a general evaluation of the seminars were assessed by self-report. Results: For both seminars, self-reported competence increased significantly with a large effect. The retrospective evaluation of learning success and acceptance ratings of the didactic formats were high. Conclusions: Experience-based trainings that include SPs are a feasible option for child and adolescent psychotherapy. The findings are discussed from a conceptual as well as a practical perspective.