bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Career Awareness Program for Chinese and Korean American Parents
Authors: EVANOSKI PATRICIA ORSATTI , WU TSE FLORENCE
Published: December 2011

The authors describe a culture‐specific bilingual career awareness program for Chinese and Korean American parents held in neighborhood community settings and employing the use of bilingual role models and bilingual career information materials. The workshops served 1,140 Chinese and Korean parents in 1985–1986 and 1,413 Chinese and Korean parents in 1986–1987. The authors outline strategies that may be effective in working with other ethnic groups.
Farm Families in Career Transitions: Descriptive Characteristics and an Intervention
Authors: HUGHEY KENNETH F. , HEPPNER MARY J. , JOHNSTON JOSEPH A. , RAKES THOM D.
Published: December 2011

Characteristics of farm family members involved in workshops that are designed to assist them in developing career plans and making transitions to other careers are described. Age, sex, educational level, and career change characteristics of workshop participants are presented. Vocational identity scores using My Vocational Situation, interest patterns based on the Self‐Directed Search, and 6‐month follow‐up data are also presented to describe the farm family members served through this intervention.

My family went back four generations on this piece of land. Farming wasn't a job; it was a way of life. I couldn't go to the auction. I couldn't see it all being taken. I feel like such a failure.
Decision Workshops for the Improvement of Decision‐Making Skills and Confidence
Authors: MANN LEON , BESWICK GERY , ALLOUACHE PIERRE , IVEY MARY
Published: December 2011

This article describes the development and evaluation of a workshop program to help people become more confident and effective as decision makers. The workshops, based on conflict theory, consisted of five 2‐hour sessions, in which participants learned about the major decisional coping patterns and the critical steps of decision making. Participants also practiced decision‐making skills and learned how to use decisional balance sheets, future diaries, and other aids to vigilant decision making. The 76 participants were classified as “problem clients” (N = 44, “learners” (N = 30), and “others” (N = 2). A follow‐up questionnaire administered 3 months after the final session revealed that the workshops had promoted increased confidence in decision making and less reported use of maladaptive patterns of decision making.
Pass It On: Errors in Direct Quotes in a Sample of Scholarly Journal Articles
Authors: HERNANDEZ NELDA RAE , WHITE ARDEN
Published: December 2011

Concern has been expressed in the literature over inaccuracies both in reference listings and direct quotes. This study examined one volume year of each of four journals in the social sciences to compare 1,278 quotes against the original sources. Of this total, 89 could not be found and 519 (43.7% of the remaining quotes) had one or more inaccuracies, ranging from trivial punctuation differences to errors that significantly changed the content meaning. Implications as well as suggestions for editors and writers for reducing errors are discussed.
Measured Increases in Male Emotional Expressiveness Following a Structured Group Intervention
Authors: MOORE DWIGHT , HAVERKAMP BETH E.
Published: December 2011

This study investigated whether men age 30 to 50 are able to increase their level of affective expressiveness, as measured by both self‐report and behavioral tests. Twenty‐eight subjects, drawn from a pool of 42 volunteers who met the criteria for participation, were randomly selected and placed into experimental or control groups. Experimental group subjects participated in a multimodal group intervention based on Social Learning Theory principles and targeted at changing cognitive, affecfive, and behavioral components of expressiveness. Results of the analyses revealed significant group differences in expressiveness across measures. That is, men can learn to express their feelings given the proper conditions. The experimental group showed greater consistency between their self‐reported and actual behavioral expressiveness than did the control group. The contrast between subjects' behavorial expressiveness and perceived frequency of expressiveness are considered. Implications for counseling are discussed.
Reorientation from Altered States: Please, More Carefully
Authors: HEIKKINEN CHARLES A.
Published: December 2011

Counselors too often appear to forget to reorient clients from altered states of consciousness used in counseling. Failure to reorient can result in unnecessary discomfort for clients. This article offers suggestions for when and how to reorient to avoid unwanted, lingering aftereffects.
A Multimodal Approach in Dealing with Chronic Epstein‐Barr Viral Syndrome
Authors: WEIKEL WILLIAM J.
Published: December 2011

Chronic Epstein‐Barr Viral Syndrome (CEBV) is a puzzling and controversial disease with a variety of symptoms that frequently include depression and emotional debilitation. The following article describes CEBV, offers some diagnostic signs, and suggests a possible treatment strategy based on the multimodal approach.

I am writing this letter in an attempt to try and explain the way my life has changed due to an illness called Chronic Epstein‐Barr Viral Syndrome, or CEBV. I was not diagnosed at first. … I saw doctor after doctor and (had) test after test before being diagnosed … all of this began three years ago. I started getting weak, fatigued, headaches, swollen glands, sleep disturbances, light‐headed and having pain and weakness in my joints. I soon was unable to perform at work or in my various sports activities. I sought help medically … he (the physician) put me in the hospital and ran numerous tests, all showing normal … this did not help either, I was still sick.
Introduction to Special Issue. Counselors Be Aware: Clients Come in Every Size, Shape, Color, and Sexual Orientation
Authors: DWORKIN SARI H. , GUTIERREZ FERNANDO
Published: December 2011

In order to guarantee that each individual is free to pursue his/her potential, each member of AACD is charged to (a) engage in ongoing examination of his/her own attitudes, feelings, stereotypic views, perceptions and behaviors that might have prejudicial or limiting impact on women, ethnic, minorities, elderly persons, gay/lesbian persons and persons with handicapping conditions; (b) contribute to an increased sensitivity on the part of other individuals, groups or institutions to the barriers to opportunity imposed by discrimination; (c) advocate equal rights for all individuals through concerted personal, professional and political activity. (Position paper of the Human Rights Committee of the American Association for Counseling and Development, 1987, p.1)
Issues of Identity Development Among Asian‐American Lesbians and Gay Men
Authors: CHAN CONNIE S.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the factors that affect an Asian‐American individual's choice of identification with Asian‐American and lesbian or gay identity. Nineteen Asian‐American lesbians and 16 Asian‐American gay men belonging to Asian‐American lesbian or gay organizations answered survey questionnaires. Results indicated that most of the respondents identified more strongly with their lesbian or gay identities than with their Asian‐American identities; however, most indicated that acknowledgment of both aspects of identity was preferred. Other situational factors, including disclosure of lesbian or gay identity to family and to the Asian‐American community, as well as discrimination because of sexual orientation, race, and gender, were examined in regard to identity development.
Hispanic Culture, Gay Male Culture, and AIDS: Counseling Implications
Authors: CARBALLO‐DIÉGUEZ ALEX
Published: December 2011

The AIDS epidemic is affecting Hispanics in disproportionately high numbers. High‐risk sexual behavior conducive to HIV infection seems to continue taking place among Hispanic gay men. This article presents some necessary considerations when counseling this population.
Lesbian Couples and Their Parents: The Effects of Perceived Parental Attitudes on the Couple
Authors: MURPHY BIANCA CODY
Published: December 2011

Twenty respondents, each of whom was in a committed couple relationship, were asked how their parents' attitudes toward (a) their partner and (b) their lesbianism impacted on their relationships with their partners. The study revealed that the adverse consequences of parental disapproval are overshadowed by the benefits to the couple that are derived from the decision to affirm one's lesbian identity and to acknowledge the nature of the couple relationship by “coming out” to parents. The negative impact of secrecy on the couple, the downplaying of parental disapproval, the positive effects on the couple of an affirmed lesbian identity, and the importance of acknowledgment of the lesbian couple are discussed. The author maintains that the counselor working with lesbian couples must be lesbian affirmative, and she suggests eight specific, clinical implications for working with lesbian couples.
Career Counseling and Life Planning With Lesbian Women
Authors: HETHERINGTON CHERYL , ORZEK ANN
Published: December 2011

The psychological development and “coming out” process of lesbian women are examined with regard to career planning. The interaction of these issues with a model of lesbian identity provides a framework for career counselors who work with individuals or lesbian couples.
Combating Homophobia in AIDS Education
Authors: CROTEAU JAMES M. , MORGAN SUSANNE
Published: December 2011

Homophobia is a central theme in response to the AIDS epidemic. In this article we review literature explicating the connection between homophobia and AIDS and then call for the integration of antihomophobia elements into AIDS education. We discuss negative messages in portrayals of gay and bisexual men and in discussions of safer sexual practices, as well as materials and educational strategies that explicitly contradict such homophobic messages. We then discuss the emerging trend to exclude lesbian women and gay men in education and programs, suggest guidelines for countering such exclusion, and give examples of creative approaches to inclusion.
Special Issues of the Journal: Topics of Interest over the Years
Authors: HARMON LENORE W. , HARKER H. EUGENE
Published: December 2011

Throughout its history, the Personnel and Guidance Journal and its successor, the Journal of Counseling and Development, have published a number of special issues. A listing of these special issues is offered as a bibliographic aid. The topics of the special issues are analyzed by category as evidence of trends in the history of scholarly interests in our field.
Why Are Self‐Disclosing Counselors Attractive?
Authors: PECA‐BAKER THERESA A. , FRIEDLANDER MYRNA L.
Published: December 2011

Despite much evidence that counselor self‐disclosure tends to be favorably received by clients, it is unclear which component is more influential: the act of revealing personal information or the information itself, especially when it implies client‐counselor similarity. Based on the social influence model, we contrasted, in a quasicounseling analogue, (a) counselors who disclosed personal material that was similar to the client's problem, (b) counselors who disclosed problematic but irrelevant information, (c) counselors who disclosed nothing, and (d) counselors whose similarity to the client was revealed by someone else. Results show no differential effects on participants' perceptions of the counselor, but postresearch structured interviews indicated that both the disclosures and the similarity information had a considerable impact on participants' experience as clients during the counseling session.
Mental Imagery in Career Counseling and Life Planning: A Review of Research and Intervention Methods
Authors: SKOVHOLT THOMAS M. , MORGAN JAMES I. , NEGRON‐CUNNINGHAM HELEN
Published: December 2011

The use of imagery in career counseling and life planning continues to increase just as the use of imagery in counseling and psychotherapy increases. The rationale for using imagery in career counseling and life planning is the same as in counseling and psychotherapy: It allows the client and counselor to bring into awareness unconscious material that is already influencing choices and makes this material usable in future planning. Imagey also allows the client to try on alternative roles. Several studies are cited that indicate that the imagery components of daydreams and fantasies are useful tools for career exploration and life planning when they are accessible to clients and properly processed. Relevant counseling applications and research studies are cited. Some recent tools for eliciting and processing these daydreams and fantasies are presented, and limits as well as benefits of techniques are discussed.
Cognitive Differences Between Experts and Novices: Implications for Group Supervision
Authors: HILLERBRAND ERIC
Published: December 2011

The literature on counselor training and supervision has grown considerably in the past decade. Little of this literature has discussed group supervision. This article outlines the implications of cognitive psychology for group supervision and discusses the unique dimensions of the group modality for the supervision process and cognitive skill acquisition.
Dangers of Transpersonal Psychology: A Reply to Ken Wilber
Authors: ELLIS ALBERT
Published: December 2011

This article is a reply to Ken Wilber's critique of Albert Ellis's “Fanatacism that may lead to a nuclear holocaust,” which outlines some of the dangers of transpersonal psychology and psychotherapy.
Psychological Chauvinism and Nuclear Holocaust: A Response to Albert Ellis and Defense of Non‐Rational Emotive Therapies
Authors: WALSH ROGER
Published: December 2011

A 1986 article by Albert Ellis on psychology and nuclear holocaust did not address certain key issues and made inaccurate criticisms of nonrational emotive therapies. This article attempts to correct these errors and to emphasize the importance of open‐minded cooperation among psychologists of differing theoretical persuasions.
Factors in a Productive Environment: Colorado State University, 1964–1976
Authors: MORRILL WESTON H. , HURST JAMES C.
Published: December 2011

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Colorado State University was the site of significant innovations in the counseling field. Interviews with key participants highlight the contributions and identify factors in the environment that resulted in the productivity of individuals.
Counseling Psychology at Ohio State University: The First 50 Years
Authors: SCHMIDT LYLE , CHOCK STEPHEN
Published: December 2011

Counseling psychology at Ohio State originated in an undergraduate “How to Study” course. By 1938 Francis P. Robinson had arranged for seniors in teacher education to provide supervised remedial counseling to students in the course. This “practicum” was formalized as a graduate course in 1940 and led to the establishment of a graduate program in student personnel work (renamed counseling psychology in 1951). The program was made possible by departmental faculty and by staff in the Occupational Opportunities Service, the Dean of Women's Office, and other student personnel offices. The persons, programs, and events that helped to establish and maintain the program constitute this brief account.
Career lndecision and Family Enmeshment
Authors: KINNIER RICHARD T. , BRIGMAN S. LEELLEN , NOBLE FRANK C.
Published: December 2011

In this study the relationship between career indecision and family‐of‐origin enmeshment is examined. Six hundred and four undergraduate and graduate students (classes randomly selected) were administered the Career Decision Scale and two scales (Intergenerational Individuation and Triangulation) from the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire. A simultaneous multiple regression analysis on the indecision scale, using four predictor variables, yielded three significant variables (age, graduate/undergraduate status, and individuation) that accounted for 11% of the variance. Graduate students were more decided than undergraduate students and those who were more decisive tended to be older and more individuated.
Parents as Sexuality Educators: A Parent Training Program
Authors: BUNDY MICHAEL L. , WHITE PRISCILLA N.
Published: December 2011

A program for training parents to be more effective as sexuality educators of their children was developed and implemented in an elementary school setting by the school counselor. A description of the need for such programming and the content of the program are provided.
Selection Criteria for a Career Development Program for the Mentally Ill: Evaluation of the Self‐Directed Search (SDS)
Authors: LOUGHEAD TERI A. , BLACK DAVID R.
Published: December 2011

Criteria were developed for the selection of a career development program appropriate for the mentally ill. The criteria were based on the Career Development Curriculum (CDC) for the mentally ill and the Purdue Stepped Approach Model. The Self‐Directed Search (SDS) was chosen as a program because it met all the selection criteria. Mentally ill program participants showed a significant change (p<.035) on the My Vocational Situation Identity Scale. The findings support the selection of the SDS as a program and the feasibility of offering career development services to mentally ill clients.
Using Student Paraprofessionals in the Treatment of Eating Disorders
Authors: LENIHAN GENIE , KIRK WILLIAM G.
Published: December 2011

A rationale for adjunctive treatment in responding to eating disorder clients at a university counseling center is presented. The program described provides a highly structured internship experience for paraprofessional psychology trainees who serve as therapeutic aides and peer counselors to eating disorder clients. This collaborative Counseling Center and Psychology Department model emphasizes intern training, close supervision, and professional‐paraprofessional cotreatment of anorexic and bulimic clients. Program evaluation methods and therapy outcome data are presented. Advantages of this treatment‐training program for all participants are discussed.
A Difference to be Accepted
Authors: SEVIGNY‐SKYER SOLANGE C.
Published: December 2011

Personally Speaking provides a forum for readers to describe important issues or events in their lives and the role, if any, counseling has played. Guidelines for submitting manuscripts may be obtained from Stephen G. Weinrach, 303 Falvey Hall, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085–1699.
An Examination of the Social Work Profession's Efforts to Achieve Legal Regulation
Authors: GARCIA ALEJANDRO
Published: December 2011

The social work profession's efforts in achieving legal regulation are explored. Widespread success is found in these efforts, and 48 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands now have legal regulation. There is variance in terms of the level of legal regulation, however, as reflected in the level of educational or practice attainment required and levels of protection provided. Interdisciplinary collaboration in this area among mental health professions is examined.
Model Legislation for Licensed Professional Counselors
Authors: BLOOM JOHN , GERSTEIN LAWRENCE , TARVYDAS VILIA , CONASTER JULIE , DAVIS ENID , KATER DONNA , SHERRARD PETER , ESPOSITO RONALD
Published: December 2011

State legislated licensure for professional counselors is a critical aspect of the evolution of the counseling profession. Model licensure legislation will help promote a unified view of the profession. Model legislation for licensed professional counselors, along with a rationale for the content of said legislation, is presented.
Adolescent Attachment, Identity, and Adjustment to College: Implications for the Continuity of Adaptation Hypothesis
Authors: LAPSLEY DANIEL K. , RICE KENNETH G. , FitzGerald DAVID P.
Published: December 2011

We examined the concurrent relationship between late adolescent attachment to parents and peers and two broad indices of adolescent adaptation—personal and social identity and adjustment to college. Participants included 130 college freshmen and 123 upperclassmen. Although freshmen were disadvantaged relative to upperclassmen with respect to social and personal‐emotional adjustment, there were no group differences on the attachment measures, on the measures of academic adjustment and goal commitment, and on the measure of social identity. Freshmen scored higher on personal identity than did upperclassmen. Women reported less alienation from peers, had more trust and better communication with peers, and had higher scores on personal and social idenitity than men. The attachment variables were significant predictors of personal and social identity. Pervasive relations were also found between attachment and adjustment to college, particularly for the upperclassmen sample.
The Goodbye Brochure: Helping Students to Cope With Transition and Loss
Authors: VICKIO CRAIG J.
Published: December 2011

This article describes a brochure that has been used by various college personnel in their attempts to help students in coping with transition and loss. The brochure's content is presented, and its development, use, merits, and limitations are discussed.
Interpreting Behavioral Genetic Results: Suggestions for Counselors and Clients
Authors: GATZ MARGARET
Published: December 2011

Treatment strategies often are premised on modifying either environmental factors or clients' interpretations of the interpersonal environment, which are assumed to be causing problem behaviors or emotional distress. A more complete analysis would take into account the role played by genetic transmission in an individual's personality, for example, intraversion‐ extraversion and sense of personal control, and in the occurrence of psychopathological disorders, such as depression. When developing interventions, both counselors and clients may be helped by behavioral genetic information (a) indicating the heritability of propensities or disorders as well as (b) confirming the importance of environmental influences that hold out the possibility of change.
The Importance of Twin Studies for Individual Differences Research
Authors: SEGAL NANCY L.
Published: December 2011

Twin research designs and methods are valuable tools for examining genetic and environmental influences on behavioral and medical characteristics. A review of the biological bases of twinning and descriptions of 10 research designs are presented. Findings from a selected sampling of twin studies of learning disabilities, personality and temperament, attitudes, psychopathology, and social behavior are summarized. The findings are discussed with special reference to the activities of mental health practitioners and counselors.
Effect of Client Sense of Humor and Paradoxical Interventions on Test Anxiety
Authors: NEWTON GERALDINE R. , DOWD E. THOMAS
Published: December 2011

This study investigated the effectiveness of paradoxical and non‐paradoxical interventions with clients [henceforth known as participants] possessing a high or low sense of humor. Fifty‐three test‐anxious participants were divided into a low sense of humor group and a high sense of humor group and were assigned to a paradoxical intervention condition, a nonparadoxical intervention condition, or a no‐treatment control group. Participants in all groups improved over time but, contrary to the hypothesis, low sense of humor participants improved significantly more with a paradoxical intervention than high sense of humor participants with a paradoxical intervention. There were no differences in improvement due to treatment condition for the high sense of humor group. Low sense of humor participants perceived the counselor as more able to help than did high sense of humor participants. The paradoxical intervention was seen as more surprising than the nonparadoxical intervention. Implications for the use of paradoxical interventions are discussed.
Toward the Cutting Edge With Strategic Planning and Futuring Techniques
Authors: FETSCH ROBERT J.
Published: December 2011

Directing an academic department and counselor training program in these times of rapid change can be a challenging experience and a golden opportunity. Practical guidelines for success using futuring and strategic planning in university departments with counselor training programs will be offered.
Men Who Make Nontraditional Career Choices
Authors: CHUSMIR LEONARD H.
Published: December 2011

A summary of research findings showed that men who choose female‐dominated occupations likely possess many of the same traits and characteristics often attributed to women in the same jobs. Contrary to stereotypes, men generally are comfortable with themselves and their masculine sexuality, although they score lower in Bem's masculine identity than traditional men. A framework for the process of men's nontraditional career choice is presented based on previous career development models for traditional careers plus a review of the empirical research literature. Implications for professional counselors and organizations are discussed.
Gender Role Conflict and Depression in College Men: Evidence for Compounded Risk
Authors: GOOD GLENN E. , MINTZ LAURIE B.
Published: December 2011

This study investigated the relationships between attitudes toward the male role, gender role conflict factors, and depression in 401 college men. Results indicated that all four of the gender role conflict factors were significantly correlated with depression. Hence, more traditional men may experience a compounded risk comprising increased likelihood of depression coupled with decreased use of counseling services. Both directions for future research and the implications for counselors and student services are discussed.
Counseling Supervisors: Standards for Preparation and Practice
Authors: DYE H. ALLAN , BORDERS L. DiANNE
Published: December 2011

The emergence of counseling supervision as a professional specialty is reviewed, the need for standards of training and practice is explained, and the process by which the “Standards for Counseling Supervisors” came into existence is described. Current and potential options for their implementation are discussed.
Writing and Publishing Books in Counseling: A Survey of Authors
Authors: SELIGMAN LINDA , KELLY SHIRLEY C.
Published: December 2011

This article presents data and ideas from 74 authors who published books in the field of counseling. The process of writing and publishing books is reviewed, and information is provided on typical timetables, book contracts, and remuneration. Suggestions are provided for selecting publishers and obtaining and negotiating contracts. Authors were generally very satisfied with the experience of writing a book.
The Relationship Between Racism and Racial ldentity Among White Americans: An Exploratory Investigation
Authors: CARTER ROBERT T.
Published: December 2011

This research explored the relationship between White racial identity attitudes and racism. Participants were 100 White students from a large midwestern university who were asked to complete the New Racism Scale and the White Racial Identity Inventory. Multiple regression analyses found that White racial identity attitudes were predictive of racism. The study, however, also found gender differences in White racial identity. Results of the study are discussed in terms of implications for developing racial awareness on college campuses.
Perceived Psychological Separation of Older Adolescents and Young Adults From Their Parents: A Comparison of Divorced Versus Intact Families
Authors: ALLEN SANDRA F. , STOLTENBERG CAL D. , ROSKO CHARLOTTE K.
Published: December 2011

One hundred sixty adolescents and young adults from divorced and intact families completed a packet of questionnaires and inventories including the Personal Data Sheet, Student Adjustment to College Questionnaire, Goal Instability and Superiority Scales, The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales‐Revised, and The Attributional Style Questionnaire to address the impact of divorce on the process of adolescent psychological separation from their parents. Results indicated that adolescents from the Divorced Group were just as adjusted to college life as their Intact counterparts and more separated from their families than the Intact Group, as was expected.
Representative Case Research: A Way of Knowing
Authors: GORDON JENNIFER , SHONTZ FRANKLIN
Published: December 2011

Representative case research applies principles of personology and the human sciences to psychological inquiry. Carefully chosen persons are examined one at a time to learn how each experiences and manages an event, situation, or set of circumstances or conditions that are important in human life. Such research requires the collaboration of a technically competent initiating investigator and a coinvestigator, who serves as an expert consultant because he or she knows about the topic of interest at first hand. A supervisor and advisors are also included on the research team. The research is carried out in cycles; all information and interpretations are repeatedly submitted to the coinvestigator for examination, clarification, and comment.
Student Services for Athletes: A Model for Enhancing the Student‐Athlete Experience
Authors: JORDAN JANICE M. , DENSON ERIC L.
Published: December 2011

A comprehensive outreach program for providing student services to college athletes is described. Sponsored by the Center for Counseling and Student Development, the program attends to the developmental needs of student‐athletes. Services include academic monitoring, consultation, workshops, and personal counseling. Benefits and suggestions for implementation of the program are addressed.
First‐ and Second‐Order Change: Implications for Rationalist and Constructivist Cognitive Therapies
Authors: LYDDON WILLIAM J.
Published: December 2011

Inquiry into the nature and process of change is fundamental to the domains of counseling and psychotherapy. Particularly relevant to counselors is an understanding of the distinction between first‐ and second‐order change. This article clarifies the distinction and suggests a relationship between these two types of change and Mahoney's (1988) recent metatheoretical contrast between rationalist and constructivist approaches to counseling. Specifically, it is proposed that rationalist approaches are guided by first‐order assumptions about change whereas constructivist approaches are based on second‐order principles and processes. Within this context, a number of implications for the counseling practitioner are discussed.
Dyadic Adjustment Processes in Divorce Counseling
Authors: HACKNEY HAROLD , BERNARD JANINE M.
Published: December 2011

This article reviews nine stage models of divorce adjustment, all but one of which define adjustment to divorce in terms of the individual experience. As an alternative to these models, the authors describe the Dyadic Divorce Adjustment Processes Model, which depicts the divorce process as a journey traveled by two persons, experiencing parallel, but not necessarily simultaneous progression, and which presents the transition from married to divorced as both a linear and dynamic phenomenon. In addition, the authors introduce the concept of experiential levels or states in the adjustment process, accounting for the dynamic aspect of divorce. Four different levels and concomitant therapeutic issues for each level are presented and described in relation to divorce adjustment counseling.
The Biracial Identity Development Model: A Needed Addition
Authors: POSTON W. S. CARLOS
Published: December 2011

The author presents demographic information about biracial persons, reviews previous models of racial identity development, discusses their shortcomings when applied to biracial persons, and then presents a new model of racial identity development focusing on the unique aspects of the experience of biracial individuals in the United States. In addition, the author presents several important counseling implications suggested by the model and discusses areas of future research and theory building.
Reflections on My Parents' Illness and Death
Authors: GARFIELD NANCY J.
Published: December 2011

Personally Speaking provides a forum for readers to describe important issues or events in their lives and the role, if any, counseling has played. Guidelines for submitting manuscripts may be obtained from Stephen G. Weinrach, 303 Falvey Hall, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085–1699.
Components of Effective Weight Loss Program: Theory, Research, and Practice
Authors: KALODNER CYNTHIA R. , De LUClA JANICE L.
Published: December 2011

Obesity is a serious problem in American society. The prevalence of obesity, seriousness of consequences of remaining obese, and resistance to successful treatment cause obesity to be a major challenge to medical and psychological communities (Brownell, 1982). There is a growing literature on comprehensive weight control programs; the purpose of this article is to present a review of behavioral, cognitive, social support, and nutritional components of comprehensive weight control programs. A rationale for each treatment component, a description of techniques, and relevant research are included. Counselors may assess the individual needs of clients and develop effective weight control programs that match these specific needs.
Making Counseling Culturally Appropriate: Intervention With a Montagnard Refugee
Authors: ROSSER‐HOGAN RHONDA
Published: December 2011

This article describes an intervention with a distressed Montagnard refugee in a context sensitive to Southeast Asian culture. Relevant interventions are discussed in relation to the current available literature on counseling with Southeast Asian refugees in America.
Patterns of Family Conflict and Their Relation to College Student Adjustment
Authors: LOPEZ FREDERICK G.
Published: December 2011

The current study explored whether college students' reported participation in one of four theoretically distinct family alignments was differentially related to their scores on a multidimensional measure of college adjustment. Students were classified into one of four family alignment groups (noncoalition, mother‐coalition, father‐coalition, and triangulation) on the basis of their comparative levels of conflictual independence from each parent. Results suggest that students' academic and personal adjustment are differentially affected by the nature of the parent‐student conflictual alignment. Results also support the consideration of a family perspective when evaluating the student's adaptation to the college environment.
Managing Mental Health Crises of Foreign College Students
Authors: OROPEZA BARBARA A. CLARK , FITZGIBBON MAUREEN , BARÓN AUGUSTINE
Published: December 2011

Student services professionals manage a number of mental health crises as part of their job responsibilities. This article examines some of the issues that arise from assisting foreign college students experiencing such crises, with special focus on psychiatric committal, withdrawal from school, and return to the home county.
Going Public With My Cancer
Authors: DiLELLA LAURA M.
Published: December 2011

Personally Speaking provides a forum for readers to describe important issues or events in their lives and the role, if any, counseling has played. Guidelines for submitting manuscripts may be obtained from Stephen G. Weinrach, 303 Falvey Hall, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085–1699.
Perls With Gloria Re‐reviewed: Gestalt Techniques and Perl's Practices
Authors: DOLLIVER ROBERT H.
Published: December 2011

In his filmed interview with Gloria, Perls demonstrated some standard Gestalt therapy techniques; examples from the film are identified. Also identified are discrepancies between Perls's description of Gestalt therapeutic processes and his interview behavior. Reflections are made on the inherent difficulties with the concept of the emerging Gestalt. Similarities are pointed out between the processes in Perls's interview and “driving the other crazy.” Gloria's reactions to the interview are quoted from her earlier published comments.
Self‐Psychology, Shame, and Adolescent Suicide: Theoretical and Practical Considerations
Authors: SHREVE BARRY W. , KUNKEL MARK A.
Published: December 2011

Using the psychoanalytic self‐psychology of Heinz Kohut as the theoretical foundation of this article, the authors discuss the role of shame in adolescent suicidal behaviors. Shame is described as a central component of suicidal behavior within the context of adolescence, a fundamental stage in the development of the healthy self. Normal and pathological self‐development are described and important issues pertaining to the development of the self during adolescence are explored. A theoretical explanation of adolescent suicidal behavior from a self‐psychology perspective is offered. Finally, suggestions for treatment of the suicidal adolescent and an illustrative clinical vignette are presented.
Confidentiality in Nondyadic Counseling Situations
Authors: STREIN WILLIAM , HERSHENSON DAVID B.
Published: December 2011

Professional ethical codes and writings addressing confidentiality issues tend to assume a dyadic counselor‐client situation. In practice, however, much of the counselor's work is in nondyadic situations. This article explores the dimensions of confidentiality in five such situations. Guidelines are offered for practicing counselors regarding (1) counseling done as part of a multidisciplinary team; (2) coordination of services, referral, and placement; (3) mandated services; (4) supervision; and (5) client advocacy. Three common themes—inadequacy of conceptualizing counseling as a dyadic situation, sharing information on a need‐to‐know basis, and clearly informing clients about the limits of confidentiality—emerge in reference to these disparate situations.
Counseling Native Americans: An introduction for Non‐Native American Counselors
Authors: THOMASON TIMOTHY C.
Published: December 2011

This article provides a primer on counseling Native American clients for non‐Native American counselors and psychotherapists. The diversity of this population is described and a general model of healing from a traditional Native American perspective is presented, with implications for counseling practice. Relevant research is reviewed and practical suggestions are offered for providing counseling services to Native Americans.
Termination: Analytic Reflections on Client Contact After Counselor Relocation
Authors: PISTOLE M. CAROLE
Published: December 2011

Client post‐termination contact with counselors who have relocated has been neglected as a training and practice issue. The client may attempt to re‐open the therapeutic relationship, even though the counselor has moved to a different geographical location and is not available to continue service delivery. In this article, analytic reflections are used to explore counselor, client, and process variables relative to counselors' response to “following” clients.
Attribution Retraining as a Structured Group Counseling Intervention
Authors: GREEN‐EMRICH ANNE , ALTMAIER ELIZABETH M.
Published: December 2011

The efficacy of attribution retraining as a structured group counseling intervention was tested. Participants were classified as having either an adaptive or nonadaptive attributional style. Three groups of participants were then created: Adaptive Group, Nonadaptive Group, Treatment Group (nonadaptive attributional style participants who received treatment involving attribution retraining). Results indicated that participants in the Treatment Group made relatively more adaptive attributions (similar to the adaptive Group) for an experimentally induced uncontrollable failure and reported lower levels of depressive mood than the Nonadaptive Group. Results are discussed as providing partial support for the efficacy of attribution retraining as a structured group counseling intervention.
Marital Status and Gender Similarity in Marital Therapy
Authors: CAMPBELL JAMES L. , JOHNSON MARK E.
Published: December 2011

This analogue study was designed to examine the effects of therapists' marital status and therapist and participant sex on participants' perceptions of therapist and expectations for therapy. Each partner of 20 couples presenting for marital therapy at four outpatient counseling centers independently completed one of four protocols. The protocols differed only on the therapist's marital status and sex. Results revealed that neither therapist marital status nor therapist sex had an effect on participants' perceptions of therapists or therapy expectations. Female participants, however, perceived therapists as more trustworthy, attractive, and expert and had higher expectations for therapy than did male participants.
Root Metaphors and Parables: A Comment on Van Hesteren and lvey
Authors: STEENBARGER BRETT N.
Published: December 2011

This article, which comments on Van Hesteren and Ivey's (1990) article in volume 68 of this journal, asserts that counseling's identity as a profession is rooted in educational‐developmental‐preventive activities derived from distinctive worldviews shared with psychology and other disciplines. A parable for students is offered to illustrate worldview manifestations and their relevance for professional identity.
Dual Careers: His, Mine, or Ours?
Authors: MAY KATHLEEN M.
Published: December 2011

Personally Speaking provides a forum for readers to describe important issues or events in their lives and the role, if any, counseling has played. Guidelines for submitting manuscripts may be obtained from Stephen G. Weinrach, 303 Falvey Hall, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085–1699.
Computer‐Assisted Instruction: A Missing Link in Counseling
Authors: SAMPSON JAMES P. , KRUMBOLTZ JOHN D.
Published: December 2011

This article explores factors that are perceived as contributing to the underuse of computer‐assisted instruction (CAI) in counseling. Options for enhancing the effective use of CAI as a counseling resource are examined.
Counselor Roles According to Two Counseling Worldviews
Authors: COTTONE R. ROCCO
Published: December 2011

This article defines the traditional psychological worldview and the emergent systemic worldview in counseling theory. The two counseling worldviews are described as presenting distinct roles for professional counselors with respect to assessment, remediation, and case management.
Managing Demands on Counseling Services: The Colorado State University Experience
Authors: DWORKIN DANIEL S. , LYDDON WILLIAM J.
Published: December 2011

As we move into the next decade, greater student demands for counseling services, increased severity of presenting problems, and long waiting lists are becoming a reality at university and college counseling centers. These trends, coupled with limited financial resources, suggest that new models of case management and treatment are needed to maintain quality services. This article describes the development of a time‐limited and managed‐care treatment policy at the University Counseling Center at Colorado State University. It is offered as one agency's attempt to become more proactive in defining its responsibilities and limits regarding emerging challenges and changes on college campuses.
The Effects of Role Induction on Trainees' Perceptions of Supervision
Authors: BAHRICK AUDREY S. , RUSSELL RICHARD K. , SALMI STEVEN W.
Published: December 2011

The effects of a role‐induction procedure on beginning counselor‐trainees' perceptions of supervision were examined using a 10‐minute audiotaped summary of Bernard's (1979) model of supervision. Nineteen trainees were administered the role‐induction procedure at either the 2nd, 5th, or 9th week of the academic term. Two self‐report scales assessed trainees' conceptualization of supervision as well as expectations and attitudes toward the supervisory process. Results indicated that trainees evaluated supervision more negatively over the time period before the role induction. Following role induction, trainees reported a clearer conceptualization of supervision and a greater willingness to reveal concerns to their supervisors.
The Buros Institute of Mental Measurements: Commitment to the Tradition of Excellence
Authors: PLAKE BARBARA S. , CONOLEY JANE CLOSE , KRAMER JACK J. , MURPHY LINDA U.
Published: December 2011

This article reviews briefly the history of the Buros Institute of Mental Measurements and then provides an overview of the expanded mission of the Buros Institute. The origins of the Mental Measurements Yearbook series are highlighted, along with discussions of goals and the evolving structure of the Yearbook series. In addition, the bibliographic reference series, Tests in Print, and the specialized monograph series are placed in historic perspective. Goals of the “new” Buros Institute of Mental Measurements, located at the University of Nebraska—Lincoln, are also presented.
Person‐Centered Assessment
Authors: BOZARTH JEROLD O.
Published: December 2011

The use of tests and assessment in person‐centered counseling is discussed. In person‐centered counseling, the most fundamental value is honoring the client as the authority on his or her own life. The extreme focus of person‐centered theory on the “self‐authority” tends to militate against the use of tests and assessment. Person‐centered counseling includes unsystematic counselor responses, such as reactions, questions, and suggestions. This increasing involvement of the counselor as a person has implications for the use of tests in person‐centered counseling.
Multiculturalism as a Generic Approach to Counseling
Authors: PEDERSEN PAUL B.
Published: December 2011

According to a broad definition of culture, the multicultural perspective applies to all counseling relationships. According to this broad definition, multiculturalism may be described as a “fourth force” in counseling from its own theoretical perspective. The broad definition of culture is discussed and applied to the field of counseling. The advantages of defining culture broadly and of understanding multiculturalism as a generic approach to counseling are discussed and supported along with the consequences of alternative perspectives.

La perspectiva multicultural se aplica a todas las relaciones consejeriales según una definición amplia de cultura. De esta manera el multi‐culturalismo, desde su propia perspectiva, se puede describir coma “la cuarta fuerza” en la consejería. Se trata de la definición amplia de cultura y se aplica esta definición al campo deconsejería. Se discuten las ventajas de definir cultura de esa manera y de entender el multiculturalismo como una vía genérica a la consejería junto con las consecuencias de perspectivas alternativas.
Psychosocial Identity Development and Cultural Others
Authors: HOARE CAROL H.
Published: December 2011

Experts in counseling understand that a person's reality is shaped by the culture in which the self is embedded; literature in cultural anthropology, linguistics, and psychology, however, reveals that identity, which is important to acceptance of persons from other cultures, is itself constituted differently depending on the culture of origin. Against the backdrop of American individualism, the cultural relativity of identity and pseudospeciation (false sense of cultural specialness) are explored. This literature grounds prejudice in evolution itself and provides reasons for movement beyond individualism to the more mature form of relational identity that includes cultural others. Implications for counseling are explored.

Los expertos en consejería entienden que la cultura en la cual el yo está encajado forma la realidad de una persona; sin embargo, la literatura sobre la antropología cultural, linguística, y psicología revela que la identidad, lo cual es importante para poder aceptar personas de otras culturas, es en sí mismo constituido de una manera diferente según la cultura de origen. Se examina contra un fondo de individualismo americano la relatividad cultural de identidad y pseudoespeciación (el sentido falso de especialidad cultural). Esta literatura basa el prejuicio en evolución y da razones para el cambio mas allá del individualismo a la forma más madura de identidad relational que incluye al “otro” cultural. Se exploran las implicaciones para la consejería.