bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the nutritional level and pre-sowing seed treatment on the yield of spring wheat
Authors: Amirov Marat , Toloknov Dmitry , Safiullin Ayrat , Semenov Pavel
Published: October 2021

It remains relevant to meet the needs of plants in nutrients, methods of using growth stimulants, considering the active phases of culture development. The purpose of our research is to study the complex effect of the level of mineral nutrition, pre-sowing treatment of seeds, and spraying growing plants with a growth regulator on the productivity of spring wheat. Laboratory research and field experiments were carried out in 2019–2020 based on the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution in the field of Higher Education "Kazan State Agrarian University" on gray forest soil. The average yield of spring wheat over the years of research against the background without fertilizers was 3.94 t/ha, against the background of NPK to obtain 3.5 t/ha of grain – 4.53 t/ha, against the background of NPK to obtain 4.5 t/ha of grain – 5.24 t/ha. The complex use of growth stimulants during pre-sowing seed treatment and double spraying in the tillering phase and spring wheat into the tube contributed to an increase in yield in all nutritional backgrounds by another 4.9–6.3 %.
Influence of primary tillage on agrochemical indicators of soil fertility
Authors: Dubovik Dmitry , Dubovik Elena , Morozov Alexander
Published: October 2021

The influence of primary tillage practices (plowing, subsurface tillage, surface tillage, direct sowing (No-till)) on the indicators of soil fertility of typical chernozem in Kursk Region on peas was studied. It was found that with the minimization of tillage humus content in the soil increased, especially in the upper 0-10 cm layer. Acidification of arable soil layer was noted when plowing was used. The content of mobile phosphorus, as well as the degree of its mobility, significantly increased with boardless tillage methods in comparison with moldboard plowing. The maximum amount of exchangeable potassium and the degree of its mobility were in case of direct sowing. The highest level of mineral nitrogen in the layer of 0-20 cm was formed in case of plowing, and its minimum level was formed in case of direct sowing. When tillage was minimized, the topsoil was differentiated by the content of mobile forms of copper, zinc and manganese. In a layer of 0-10 cm, combined tillage, surface tillage and direct sowing increased the content of mobile trace elements compared to a layer of 10-20 cm. When plowing was used as a primary tillage method, the content of mobile copper, zinc and manganese was higher in the layer of 10-20 cm.
Modern trends in technical support of agricultural producers
Authors: Asadullin Nail , Mukhametgaliev Farit , Avkhadiev Fayaz , Khismatullin Marcel , Gainutdinov Ilgizar
Published: October 2021

In modern conditions of the development of an innovative economy, the scientific literature does not reveal the main problems of strengthening the material and technical base of agricultural producers. The agricultural machinery market is practically absent, the issue of formation and functioning remains unresolved. The article is devoted to the assessment of the current state of the provision of agricultural commodity producers with equipment, the development of the tractor and agricultural machine-building industry in Russia, the disclosure of problems, and the search for solutions to the problem of complex mechanization of agriculture in modern conditions. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the substantiation of the need to solve the problems of strengthening the material and technical base of the subjects of agricultural business and the proposed practical recommendations for the development of the innovative basis of agriculture. The article reveals the main trends in the change in the output of elements of the material and technical base of agriculture, reveals the problems that restrain the process of technical renewal of agricultural production, suggests ways to increase the provision of technical means for the innovative development of the agrarian sector of the economy. The theoretical and practical results of the study can be recommended for use in the formation of programs for the development of technical equipment in the agricultural sector, planning of agricultural production, economic analysis of the economic activities of agricultural enterprises and organizations.
Dynamics of total lipids, total cholesterol, and total immunoglobulins in the blood serum of heifers of different breeds
Authors: Eremenko V , Rotmistrovskaya E
Published: October 2021

The paper studies indices of lipid metabolism, immunoglobulins in blood serum of heifers of different breeds. Black-and-white, Simmental, Aberdeen-Angus, mongrel cattle was selected for this study. Each breed in the group consisted of 10 heads. The study of lipids dynamics in experimental heifers showed, the concentration of lipids gradually increased and by the 5th month reached the maximum values. By the end of the pregnancy on the 9th month, a decrease in the lipid concentration of all the compared breeds was observed. The study of cholesterol dynamics in experimental heifers showed that at 1 month old, the cholesterol level in experimental breed was approximately the same. These were the maximum values of total cholesterol over the entire pregnancy period. At 9 months old, the minimum values of total cholesterol were recorded before calving. The mixed bred analysis showed that a group of Aberdeen-Angus heifers and mongrel animals were characterized by increased blood cholesterol. The study of the dynamics of total immunoglobulins showed that at all periods of pregnancy there were differences in the level of total immunoglobulins in the blood serum of heifers of the studied breeds. By the end of the pregnancy, this indicator was increased. The results of mixed bred studies showed that the mongrel heifers were characterized by a slightly increased content of total immunoglobulins. During the pregnancy period, lower concentrations of lipids, cholesterol and immunoglobulins were typical for blackand- white, Simmental heifers.
Role of sunflower production and processing in import substitution
Authors: Ilyin Alexey , Shtokolova Karina
Published: October 2021

The role of sunflower production and processing within the framework of import substitution is extremely important for food industry: in addition to the production of sunflower oil and its fractions, sunflower and its by-products are actively used in confectionery industry, and waste is a valuable feed for farm animals. The study considers the trends in sunflower cultivation and processing in Russia, as well as the development of export and import since the beginning of the food embargo. Today, sunflower is one of the most dynamically developing agricultural crops in Russia, as evidenced by the positive dynamics of sown areas and gross yield. At the same time, in recent years, sunflower cultivation has intensified, as a result of which its yield has increased by 40% over the past 6 years. Among other types of crops actively grown in Russia, sunflower today demonstrates quite high rates, second only to soy. With the dynamic development of sunflower production and processing in the country, there has been a change in the vector of agricultural production of this crop as part of the import substitution strategy and food security. Whereas previously the main strategic objective was to increase the level of self-sufficiency and ensure the country’s domestic needs for sunflower and its by-products, today, as production develops, there is a transition to an export-oriented model.
Agribusiness in rural areas: Management Issues
Authors: Gazetdinov Shamil M. , Gazetdinov Mirsharip Kh. , Semicheva Olga S. , Badamshin Adel M.
Published: October 2021

The present article analyzes the trends determining the development of agribusiness in rural areas at the present stage of economic development, and highlights the new and most relevant features of its organization and management. At present, one of the important trends in the development of agribusiness in rural areas is the deepening process of production specialization with a simultaneous increase in the concentration of production and financial, industrial and commercial capital. The production specialization has an active influence on the structure of the sectors interacting in agribusiness in rural areas, which is manifested in the following situation. The size and number of agricultural enterprises is increasing and their number is gradually decreasing, while the total area of agricultural land owned by peasant (private) farms is gradually decreasing. According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tatarstan, the total number of agricultural enterprises in 2007 was 751, including 607 profitable and 81 unprofitable ones. The overall profitability was 8.9 %. By 2018, the number of farms decreased to 486, out of which 443 were profitable, 43 unprofitable ones. The level of profitability for these farms was 9.6 %. Simultaneously with the decline in the number of agricultural enterprises, the population employed in agriculture was also declining. At the same time, in 2007, 104.9 thousand people were employed in agriculture, which equaled to 11 % of the rural population; by 2018, employment in agricultural activities decreased to 59.4 thousand people, which was 6.6 % of the rural population. With the deepening of specialization, the complexity in the organization and cooperation of activities in the agribusiness system has increased. Individual producers have lost their independence. They largely depend on related participants. In these conditions, the problem of centralized coordination and regulation arises and the role of administrative management is strengthened to ensure the coordination of specialized activities. In the food policy pursued by the state, an increasing number of agrarian business entities are forced to apply directly to the government for resolving certain issues related to land use regulation, environmental protection, etc.
Determining the humus formation index of forest soils of the Vologda Region
Authors: Duryagina Yliya , Voropay Ludmila , Hamitova Svetlana , Galiullin Ilfir , Kuztetsova Olga
Published: October 2021

The processes of soil formation and its fertility are influenced by various factors, including concentration of various elements and substances. In the course of this study, soil samples were taken from different districts of the Vologda Oblast. Chemical composition of the samples and the humus formation index were determined. Based on the results obtained, the dependences of the humus formation index on the content of some cations and anions were established.
The Influence of the Preparation Megamix-Zinc on Yield and Grain Quality of Spring Wheat
Authors: Isaychev Vitaly , Andreev Nikolay , Mudarisov Fail
Published: October 2021

The conducted study has shown a stimulating effect of foliar dressing of spring wheat plants with the preparation Megamix-zinc. It has been ascertained that it has a positive effect on such indicators as productivity and quality of spring wheat grain. The use of macro and microelement-containing preparations in modern technologies of spring wheat cultivation has a positive influence on such indicators as yield, protein content in grain, quantity and quality of gluten, mass fraction of starch in grain.
Agroecological modeling of spring barley cultivation technology in the conditions of the Penza region
Authors: Buzylev Аleksey , Tihonova Mariya , Taller Evgeniy , Vasenev Ivan
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of modeling the cultivation of barley of the Eifel variety on leached chernozems of the Bashmakovsky district of the Penza region. In order to carry out modeling, the framework Local information and reference system for the optimization of land use was deeply adapted. The adaptation of the software modules to the climatic and soil conditions of a particular study area allowed one to reach 7% errors in modeling the cultivation of agricultural crops in the presence of a set of indicators necessary for constructing a model. Technological calculations of the model made it possible to reduce the number of minimum required technological operations, as well as to rationally distribute the application of mineral fertilizers for the planned yield. The economic calculations of the model made it possible to achieve a high production profitability of 66 ± 7%. The constructed model was tested on the experimental field of «Bashmakovskiy khleb» JSC in 2020. Practical verification has shown the possibility of using the model in agricultural production under normal climatic conditions and its high correlation with the actual results obtained [1]. Statistical analysis of the calculated data of the model and the actual yield with the achieved economic indicators in the conditions of the model field showed a level of reliability of calculations of 95%.
Priority directions for the development of the agrarian economy in the context of the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Kirillova Olga Viktorovna , Sadreeva Alfiya Flyurovna , Mukhametshina Farida Anasovna , Samysheva Ekaterina Yuryevna
Published: October 2021

The need for digitalization of agriculture is due to several features: many changing factors aimed at the result of production (climatic, biological, etc.); wide dispersal of farms; a significant number of suppliers and buyers of agricultural products, etc. For the agro-industrial complex, the intensification of digitalization processes is associated with an increase in labor productivity at enterprises that use innovative computer technologies. This is necessary for the formation of single information space for the full use of agricultural lands and their effective processing to obtain high-quality products. At the same time, the development of state regulation based on the use of digital technologies remains important. The digitalization of the agrarian economy will increase the competitiveness of Russian agri-food products. The use of information platforms will allow bringing together all the necessary information to improve product quality and increase its sales, considering the specifics of demand. This will reveal weaknesses in the development of the agrarian sector and determine possible solutions, since the analysis of big data will be carried out, the Internet of things will be introduced with the help of state management of agricultural sectors. The article determines that for the development of the agrarian economy in the context of digitalization of the agroindustrial complex, it is necessary to determine possible options for using computer technologies adapted to the conditions of agricultural production; introduce the necessary systems of automated programs and platforms to improve the efficiency of agricultural producers; provide agricultural enterprises with high-speed communication; to determine the main directions of information support for the rational use of land.
Winter rye yield depending on the types of fallows
Authors: Kuzminykh Albert , Novoselov Sergey , Eremeev Roman
Published: October 2021

Winter rye is of great importance in strengthening and developing the grain economy of the Non-Chernozem region of Russia. In recent years, due to the high cost of fertilizers and plant protection products, agricultural producers have begun to pay more attention to the biologization of agriculture. One of the main means of biologizing agriculture is the use of sideration. The article presents the results of the research on the influence of pure, green-manured and occupied fallows on the growth and development of winter rye, crop contamination, soil microbiological activity and grain yield in the eastern part of the Volga- Vyatka zone. It was revealed that the weather conditions of the growing season of the Republic of Mari El allowed the cultivation of winter rye on the green-manured fallow. With timely plowing of siderite, the amount of productive moisture in the soil before sowing winter crops is sufficient. The use of sideration improves the phytosanitary state of the agrocenosis – the contamination of winter rye crops when cultivated with green-manured fallow is significantly lower in comparison with cultivation with occupied fallow. Being a valuable food and energy material for the soil microflora, the plowed organic mass of green fertilizers contributes to a significant increase in the microbiological activity of the soil. The replacement of pure and occupied fallow with green-manured fallow cultivation of winter rye on this fallow allows you to get a significant increase in grain yield.
Reproductive Aging of African Catfish in Aquaculture
Authors: Lyubomirova Vaselina , Romanova Elena , Romanov Vasily , Shadieva Ludmila
Published: October 2021

The work is devoted to the study of reproductive aging of African catfish in the conditions of industrial aquaculture. The problem is urgent, because industrial aquaculture changes the biology of African catfish so much that it loses its ability to reproduce naturally. The offspring of African catfish can be obtained only with the use of hormonal inducers of gametogenesis. Questions of age selection of producers and age composition of breeding stock in this type of fish are still open. In practice, we have to face the facts of poor quality of sexual products in primary spawning or old females and males. The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of age-related variability of reproductive properties of female and male African catfish in the conditions of industrial aquaculture. The results of our study showed the presence of age-related dynamics in the quality of sexual products in African catfish. Age-dependent differences in the quality and fertilization of eggs, the viability of embryos and larvae, their size, and the quality of offspring were established. When studying the properties of sexual products in fish of different ages, differences in morphometric and physiological parameters were found for a complex of indicators such as the size and diameter of eggs, sperm concentration, and the number of viable spermatozoa. Evaluation of the influence of parents age on the viability of offspring in the embryonic and postembryonic periods revealed that this indicator is the lowest in first – spawning fish, and the highest in middle-aged fish. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has supported our study with the grant No. 18-416-730005.
Climatic adaptation as priority of sustainable development of the agrifood system in the southern regions of Russia
Authors: Medyanik Natalia , Cherednichenko Olga , Dovgotko Natalia , Rybasova Yulia
Published: October 2021

The article presents current and prospective estimates of the climatic changes parameters and their contradictory impact on the productivity of the agrifood system in the country’s southern regions. In the period up to 2030-2050, against the background of an increase in heat supply and duration of crop season, a mixed arid-humid type of moistening will have been predicted with an increase in aridization towards an increase in the frequency of droughts, including soil ones, as well as increased harmfulness of certain types of agricultural pests and pathogens. A new climate-adapted paradigm of sustainable development of the agrifood system in the South of Russia, based on Climate-Smart Agriculture, is proposed. The priority measures of climatic adaptation of the agrifood system in the South of Russia are grounded in connection with the growth of the spacing of winter crops, heat-loving, fruit and berry crops, vineyards; water-saving and moisture-retaining technologies; phytosanitary measures for the prevention and control of climate-dependent pests; agrotechnical methods of increasing the adaptive potential of crops to climate change; climate-adaptive schemes for the use of pastures; engineering of highly productive and climate-resistant agrophytocenoses and agroecosystems. Measures to stimulate climatic adaptation of the agrifood system in the South of the Russian Federation should involve the development and inclusion in the sectoral State Program of the Russian Federation of the Adaptation of Agriculture of the Constituent Entities of the South of the Russian Federation to Climate Change pilot section with an annual competition of regional agro-climatic projects based on budget COFUND; financing farms for the implementation of climate-adapted and related agricultural activities, climate insurance.
Energy Justification of the Number of Tractors for Agricultural Operations
Authors: Khafizov Camill A. , Khafizov Ramil N. , Nurmiev Azat A. , Galiev Ilgiz G.
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the need to substantiate the sufficient number of tractors used for various technological operations, depending on the volume of works performed, and taking into account their influence on the crop yield. The purpose is to develop the mathematical model of machine and tractor units used in technological operations by formalizing the vague concept of optimal agrotechnical timing of technological operations and calculating the optimal number of tractors to perform works by the total energy costs. The main research method is mathematical modeling of operations performed by machine-tractor units based on the system analysis and computational experiments and using the energy mathematical model. The article describes a criterion for optimizing the tractor parameters, dependences of the energy mathematical model of the unit. The results of computational experiments showed that for each operation there is an optimal number of tractors and tractor units minimizing the minimum total energy costs. Calculations were carried out when treating 1000 hectares with various tractors. It was revealed that the total energy consumption differs by 2 or more times. The required number of tractors depends on their main parameters, propeller parameters and other factors. It was revealed that with an increase in the volume of works, the required optimal number of tractors increases. The method for substantiating the required optimal number of tractors in technological operations will improve operations of tractors used by large agricultural producers, reduce the total energy costs for cultivating up to 12–16 thousand MJ/ha.
Rationale for Measurements to be Selected for Tractors to Perform Agricultural Activities Differing in Energy Intensity
Authors: Khafizov Camill A. , Khafizov Ramil N. , Nurmiev Azat A. , Sinitsky Stanislav A.
Published: October 2021

The topic is relevant due to the need to improve basic measurements of tractors, considering a major contribution they make to crop production, not only during separate technological operations, but also during a whole sequence of technological operations performed. The paper analyzes the limits to which the basic measurements of tractors (weight and engine power), which are used to perform a combination of technological operations requiring different energy consumption, can be altered and to identify practical limits to perform a combination of low and high energy-consuming activities. The key research method used is mathematical modeling based on system analysis and computational experiments that are carried out using models of implements during various technological operations. The results of calculations analyzed for technological operations that differ in the amount of energy consumed suggest that for each of the groups of technological operations that require similar amount of energy (soil resistivity per meter of working width, kN/m), there are fairly stable values of the basic measurements of tractors. A reasonable weight for tractors to perform operations such as harrowing, continuous cultivation of soil with a resistivity of 1 to 4 kN/m is 35-60 kN. For soil preparation with a resistivity of 4 to 8 kN/m it is 100-120 kN, for plowing with a resistivity from 10 to 16.25 kN/m – equal to 160 kN, for tillage with subsoilers with a resistivity from 8 to 16 kN/m – equal to 240 kN. Once put to practice, the findings will lead to a decrease in total energy consumption to 10,000 MJ/ha. The amount of saved energy costs depends on the type of technological operation, the parameters of tractors used, the characteristics of agricultural implements, soil properties, etc.
Effect of Diatomite on the Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in the Body of White Rats
Authors: Dorozhkin Vasily I. , Brichko Natalia A. , Pavlova Natalia S. , Pavlenko Galina I.
Published: October 2021

Every year, pollution by eco-toxicants of natural and anthropogenic origin is becoming more and more acute. Some of the most toxic among them are heavy metals, especially cadmium and lead. These elements do not decompose. Once released into the environment, these elements continue to circulate in water, soil, and air for a very long time, accumulating in plants and livestock products. Therefore, there is a problem of obtaining safe agricultural products in areas contaminated with heavy metals. In animal husbandry, synthetic and natural enterosorbents are used for obtaining safe products. For example, such enterosorbents are shungites, bentonites, diatomites, clays. We tested diatomite from the Kamyshlovskoye deposit at a dose of 5.0 g/kg of feed to reduce cadmium accumulation and lead during their combined intake. We investigated the feed intake of a combination of cadmium and lead at doses of 5.0 and 50.0 mg/kg feed. The result of this experiment is the accumulation of metals in the liver, kidneys, and bones, and, in addition, in the testes. The use of diatomite to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals has not been successful. There is an increase in lead accumulation in the liver, kidneys, and testes. The content of cadmium in diatomite is 3.86 ± 0.20 mg/kg, lead – 105.0 ± 7.2 mg/kg. The results obtained indicate that diatomite as a feed additive to reduce lead and cadmium intoxication did not show protective properties.
Assessment of factors for the increase in the productivity of grain crops
Authors: Petrova Svetlana , Zyukin Danil
Published: October 2021

Grain production is a strategic element of the agricultural and food complex in Russia, which predetermines its fundamental importance in food security. The task of the increase in the level of grain yields is still urgent, despite the full satisfaction of the needs of the domestic market of Russia due to the benefits from grain exports. The authors assess the influence of the intensification processes on yield level taking into account the elimination of the influence of scale factor. During the research such statistical methods as correlation-regression and cluster were used as analysis tools. The authors revealed a pattern that a higher level of production costs per 1 hectare of grain crops provided a correspondingly higher yield. In the context of total large grain-sowing companies with an area of crops from 4 to 11 thousand hectares, a relatively high elasticity of production costs was revealed (0.87), which was higher than in the group of medium-sized companies (from 2 to 4 thousand hectares) by 0, 37 points. The scale factor had a significant influence on the intensification process and on the yield respectively. The model of the relationship between the size of cultivated areas and the yield of grain crops was qualitatively described by a parabola with a high degree of stochastic relationship. The maximum yield value was reached by a group of large grain-sowing companies with an area of crops from 5 to 10 thousand hectares, while in very large agricultural companies the yield was lower and was at the average level for the region.
Insect antimicrobial peptides: isolation, separation and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Remizov E. K. , Larionova O.S.
Published: October 2021

In modern conditions of intensification of agriculture the industrial animal breeding involves the use of antibacterial drugs aimed at the prevention of infectious diseases. However, uncontrolled use of antibiotics leads to the selection of antibiotic-resistant strains, it should be noted that the treatment of diseases caused by these strains is difficult. Insect peptides have a barrier function and are able to protect the macroorganism from various pathogenic agents. In this study the original method of isolating protein fractions from the biomass of insect G. mellonella and M. domestica larvae was developed. The 19 protein fractions (PF) were obtained and their antimicrobial activity was studied as related to S. aureus ATCC 6538 (209-P), S. typhimurium 1626, C. albicans РКПГY –401/NCTC–885-653, B. cereus ATCC 10702. It was found that protein fractions No. 2, 2.3, 2.6, 3.4, 3.6 had antimicrobial activity as related to S. aureus ATCC 6538 (209-P); protein fractions No. 2, 2.6, 3.2, 3.6 inhibited the growth of S. typhimurium 1626; protein fractions No. 2, 2.3, 2.6, 3.3, 3.6 had an inhibiting effect on C. albicans РКПГY-401/NCTC-885-653, PF 2, 2.6, 3.2, 3.6, 3.7 had antimicrobial activity as related to B. cereus ATCC 10702.
Development of Electronic Public Services in Agriculture
Authors: Safiullin N.A. , Kurakova Ch.M. , Valeeva G.A. , Gainutdinov I.G. , Kudryavtseva S.S.
Published: October 2021

The authors prove the relevance of the implementation of digital transformation in agricultural production and describe the main factors which constrain this process. Various approaches to the definition of the term “service” and “public service” are presented, a statistical analysis of the system for the provision of public services in electronic form is carried out and the mechanism for the implementation of public services of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation is described. The purpose of the study is to determine the main directions of development of electronic public services in the agricultural sector based on SWOT analysis. The scientific novelty is in the proactive approach to the implementation of public services in electronic form. As a result, the authors propose to introduce the concept of super service in the process of digitalization of public services of sectoral departments, as well as other measures to improve the efficiency of electronic interaction between authorities and agricultural organizations.
Assessment of the Influence of Various Agro-Technological Methods on the Development of Diseases, Pests, as Well as on the Lodging of Spring Wheat of the Ulyanovskaya 105 Variety in the Conditions of Predkamye of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Shaikhutdinov Farit , Serzhanov Igor , Garayev Razil , Serzhanova Albina
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the question of the influence of various agro-technological methods on the development of diseases, pests, as well as on the lodging of spring wheat. Over the years of research (2019–2020) on spring wheat crops, the effect of calculated doses of fertilizers at different rates of sowing seeds on plant damage by latent pests and leaf rust damage, as well as the resistance of spring wheat plants to lodging was studied. On the basis of the results obtained, it was possible to establish that at strongly reduced seeding rates, regardless of the nutritional background, the number of damaged plants by the fruit fly, as well as damage by leaf rust, increased sharply. At the same time, excessive thickening of crops did not contribute to a significant further decrease in damage and susceptibility, as well as to lodging of plants.
Production of strategic types of field crops in the Samara region in the context of economy digitalization
Authors: Pyatova O.F. , Shumilina T.V. , Gazizyanova Yu.Yu. , Kudryashova Yu.N.
Published: October 2021

The digitalization of agriculture is connected with the increase in the efficiency and sustainability of its functioning. The paper studies the dynamics of indicators of the development of agricultural production in the Samara region. First of all, agriculture of the region is represented by crop production, the share of which in the total volume for a number of years has been over 60%. The basis of the regional crop production is the production of high quality food grains. Cereals are one of the most demanded items in the export of agricultural products. For the period from 2009 to 2020 the gross harvest of grain crops increased 1.6 times. The Samara region is one of the ten regions of the Russian Federation in terms of sunflower production. The gross harvest of sunflower, which serves as a raw material for the main export position of the region namely sunflower oil, has increased fivefold over the period. Digital technologies, the need to use which is determined by general trends in the development of the world economy, create new opportunities to increase the competitiveness of products and further develop the export potential not only of a particular region, but also of the country as a whole.
Prospects for the use of a drug based on a complex of fatty acid esters in models of laboratory animals in vivo
Authors: Smirnova K.Yu. , Bannikova A.V. , Kozlov S.V. , Romanova O.V.
Published: October 2021

In this work we carried out studies of the first obtained micellar composition of fatty acid esters with allantoin on a water basis to determine its local irritant effect and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of burns. It was found that there was a sequential change in the phases of the burn wound process in all groups. During the observation period, wound suppuration was not observed; there were 4 cases of a complicated course of the wound process and a fatal outcome in the control group. When conducting studies of local irritant effects, the assessment was carried out in points, in the experimental group it was on average 2 points as for the animals of the control group. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that the drug, when applied to the skin according to the interstate standard GOST ISO 10993-10—2011, has a weak degree of response to irritation in guinea pigs. The application of a permissive dose of the drug to sensitized guinea pigs does not cause a response from the skin, which indicates the absence of allergenic properties in this composition.
Effectiveness of the Use of the Adaptogen Trekrezan in the Cultivation of African Catfish
Authors: Spirina Elena , Romanova Elena , Shadyeva Ludmila , Romanov Vasily
Published: October 2021

Growing fish in closed water supply installations with a high planting density leads to accumulation of waste products, turning the habitat into toxic. Growing fish in such an environment leads to stress and increases the stress on their liver, which provides the body with detoxification of metabolites. To reduce stress, adaptogens are used, which increase endurance and survival, increase adaptive plasticity, and strengthen the immunity of fish. We used an adaptogen called Trekrezan. The work aim was to study the morphofunctional changes in liver and its microarchitectonics in African catfish grown using Trekrezan. The analysis of morphofunctional changes in liver allows us to judge the general physiological state of fish body. The liver index of African catfish grown without the use of Trekrezan is significantly higher in both males and females, compared to African catfish grown with Trekrezan, which indicates an intensification of metabolism. Analysis of histological structure of African catfish liver (Clarias gariepinus), grown without the use of the Ttrekrezan, revealed abnormalities of the parenchymal layer of liver with signs of fatty dystrophy, signs of necrotic changes in liver cells, hemorrhages in vascular region, a violation of polarity in the structure of hepatocytes. In species raised in an environment with Trekrezan, these abnormalities are absent, since Trekrezan, due to the activation of cellular and humoral immunity, leads to decrease in intoxication, provides strengthening of immunity, and increases the body's resistance to unfavorable factors of medium.
Examination of rabbit liver by ultrasound
Authors: Trotsenko Victor , Trotsenko Irina , Bdyukhina Olga , Esmurzaeva Zhanbota
Published: October 2021

The article provides information on the study of the mechanical properties of isolated rabbit liver cells in terms of density, compressibility and ultra-sonic velocity. It was found that the values of the studied characteristics are mainly determined by the water content in the cells. The density, compressibility, and velocity of ultrasound in the cellular material are interconnected by a linear relationship.
Legal issues of veterinary services for shelters for stray animals in the Russian Federation
Authors: Vasiliev Mihail N. , Nikitin Ivan N. , Butova Anastasia A. , Vasilieva Anastasia I.
Published: October 2021

The important problem of urban and large rural settlements of the Russian Federation is the increase in the number of stray animals. The activities of shelters for stray animals are associated with a number of obligatory veterinary preventive measures. These measures require the development of a comprehensive system of veterinary services for animal shelters, including the procedure for the initial reception of an animal to a shelter, the procedure to identify an animal without owners showing unmotivated aggressiveness, a system of veterinary preventive measures in a shelter, a method of humane treatment of animals in a shelter, a typical staffing of veterinary shelter specialists and a typical diet for an animal in a shelter. In many constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the activities to regulate the number of stray animals are carried out by private specialized organizations in accordance with the concluded municipal contracts. The existing practice does not allow organizing a single effective system to regulate the number of stray animals. A regional system for the regulation of the number of stray animals could be organized under the leadership of the State Veterinary Service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in cooperation with existing private shelters for stray animals. This system can not be created without an appropriate regional regulatory framework. The authors propose the development and implementation of a comprehensive system of veterinary services for animal shelters at the level of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. This system will serve as one of the elements to maintain the epizootic and epidemic well-being of the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for zooanthroponosis, among which rabies is the most relevant.
Productivity of Spring Wheat Using Megamix Mineral Fertilizers
Authors: Vasin Vasily , Burunov Alexey , Vasina Natalia , Strizhakov Anatoly
Published: October 2021

The paper shows the research results related to the development of methods to increase the yield of spring wheat using Megamix liquid mineral fertilizers in the presowing treatment of seeds, treatment of crops on vegetation when introducing mineral fertilizers in seedbed preparation in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of Samara State University in 2017-2020. During the three-factor field experiment, dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic activity were evaluated with the analysis of photosynthetic potential and net productivity of photosynthesis. It was established that the best indicators are formed on versions with the treatment of seeding material with Megamix Seeds or Megamix Profi agents with subsequent double treatment on vegetation with Megamix Profi in the amount of 0.5l/ha (in the tillering phase) + Megamix Nitrogen in the amount of 0.5l/ha (in the flag leaf phase) against the background of N32P32K32 fertilizer application. The application of Megamix agents in the system of seed treatment + treatment of crops with Megamix stimulating agents provides the maximum accumulation of dry matter in the version of Megamix Seeds treatment and the treatment of crops with a mixture of Megamix Profi + Megamix Nitrogen – 591.9 g/m on soft crops and 622.6 g/m2 – durum wheat against the background of N32P32K32 application. The maximum photosynthetic potential of 0.968…1.091 million m2/ha per day is formed in these versions, and, consequently, the maximum yields with values of 3.73 t/ha on soft wheat crops and 3.44 t/ha on durum wheat crops. It was found that the use of liquid mineral fertilizers on all versions of the experiment reliably increases the yield of spring wheat.
Surgical Outcomes of Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Resection in Elderly Versus Younger Patients
Authors: Alexander Tyler D. , Chitguppi Chandala , Collopy Sarah , Murphy Kira , Lavergne Pascal , Patel Prachi , Khoury Tawfiq , Rabinowitz Mindy , Nyquist Gurston G. , Rosen Marc R. , Farrell Christopher J. , Karsy Michael , Evans James J.
Published: October 2021

Introduction Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are one of the most common types of intracranial neoplasm with increased incidence in elderly patients. The outcomes of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) specifically on elderly patients remain unclear.

Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study to compare elderly patients (age ≥65 years) with nonelderly patients (age <65 years) who underwent ETS for PA from January 2005 to December 2020. Surgical outcomes, including extent of resection, complication profile, length of stay, and endocrinopathy rates, were compared between elderly and nonelderly patients.

Results A total of 690 patients were included, with 197 (29%) being elderly patients. Elderly patients showed higher rates of hypertension (p < 0.05), myocardial infarction (p < 0.01), and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.01) but not other comorbidities. Elderly patients also had more frequent optic nerve involvement (72 vs. 61% of cases, p = 0.01). Tumor characteristics and other patient variables were otherwise similar between younger and elderly patients. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks (2 vs. 2%, p = 0.8), 30-day readmission, reoperation, postoperative complications, and postoperative endocrinopathies were similar between younger and older patients. Subdividing patients into age <65, 65 to 79, and >80 years also did not demonstrate a worsening of surgical outcomes with age.

Conclusion For well-selected elderly patients in experienced endoscopic skull base centers, good surgical outcomes similarly to younger patients may be achieved.
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology
Authors: Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Feydy Antoine
Published: October 2021

This history page in the series “Leaders in MSK Radiology” is dedicated to the memory and achievements of the French physician Jacques Forestier, whose name is connected with the medical eponym Forestier's disease, later referred to as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.
MRI Evaluation of Various Elbow, Forearm, and Wrist Neuropathies: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Husain Rola , Reddy Arthi , Dayan Etan , Huang Mingqian , Corcuera-Solano Idoia
Published: October 2021

Upper extremity entrapment neuropathies are common and can cause pain, sensory loss, and muscle weakness leading to functional disability. We conducted a retrospective review from January 2007 until March 2020 of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of intrinsic and extrinsic causes of wrist, forearm, and elbow neuropathies of 637 patients who received a diagnosis of neuropathy by means of clinical and electrodiagnostic testing. We discuss cases with varying intrinsic and extrinsic nerve pathologies, including postoperative examples, affecting the median, radial, and ulnar nerve.

Our collection of cases demonstrates a diversity of intrinsic and extrinsic causative factors. Intrinsic pathologies include neuritis as well as tumors arising from the nerve. Extrinsic causes resulting in nerve entrapment include masses, acute and chronic posttraumatic cases, anatomical variants, inflammatory and crystal deposition, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, and dialysis-related amyloidosis. Finally, we review postsurgical cases, such as carpal tunnel release and ulnar nerve transposition.

Although upper extremity neuropathies tend to have a typical clinical presentation, imaging, particularly MRI, plays a vital role in evaluating the etiology and severity of each neuropathy and ultimately helps guide clinical management.
DGIV Nachrichten: Digitalisierung braucht ein Leitbild: Integrierte Versorgung
Authors: Neumeyer Henriette
Published: October 2021

Chronisch erkrankt zu sein heißt, ein langfristig symptombehaftetes Leben mit vielen einzelnen Behandlungsepisoden, erbracht von vielen einzelnen Institutionen und Akteuren, zu führen. Das stellt unser Gesundheitssystem zunehmend auf die Probe. Dieser komplexe, langfristige und intersektorale Behandlungsbedarf, der vor allem verbesserten Lebensbedingungen und medizinischem Fortschritt geschuldet ist, war bei der Etablierung unseres Systems noch nicht in der aktuellen Ausprägung absehbar.
Bubble shadows add significant new dimension to film thickness measurement methodology
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: October 2021

Technique promises simple, accurate, affordable way to measure film thickness for industrial applications and fluid dynamics research.
Contrasting para- and ferro-magnetic responses of (Gd,Dy)N alloys
Authors: Pot C. , Holmes-Hewett W. F. , Ruck B. J. , Trodahl H. J.
Published: October 2021

The remarkable series of intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductors within the rare-earth nitrides presents both fundamental challenges and technological opportunities with even more offered by alloys among them. Here, we report an initial exploration of alloys with an investigation of magnetic and electron transport measurements in alloys of composition GdxDy1−xN. The full compositional range is indeed ferromagnetic with Curie temperatures between ≈60 and ≈20 K, respectively, of unalloyed GdN and DyN, displaying semiconductor conductivities. The study opens the door for continuously controllable ferromagnetism in this family of intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductors.
Extended shallow-water theories with thermodynamics and geometry
Authors: Beron-Vera F. J.
Published: October 2021

Driven by growing momentum in two-dimensional geophysical flow modeling, this paper introduces a general family of “thermal” rotating shallow-water models. The models are capable of accommodating thermodynamic processes, such as those acting in the ocean mixed layer, by allowing buoyancy to vary in horizontal position and time as well as with depth, in a polynomial fashion up to an arbitrary degree. Moreover, the models admit Euler–Poincaré variational formulation and possess Lie–Poisson Hamiltonian structure. Such a geometric property provides solid fundamental support to the theories described with consequences for numerical implementation and the construction of unresolved motion parametrizations. In particular, it is found that stratification halts the development of small-scale filament rollups recently observed in a popular model, which, having vertically homogeneous density, represents a special case of the models presented here.