bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El liderazgo carismático empresarial enfrentado al poder burocrático del Estado: el conflicto por los yerbales entre la empresa Domingo Barthe y el gobernador Juan José Lanusse (1896-1905).
Authors: Alcaráz Alberto Daniel
Published: November 2019

Em 1880 o Estado argentino governado pelo presidente Julio Argentino Roca, pertencente ao Partido Nacional Autônomo (PAN) criou por decreto o Território Nacional de Misiones depois de segregá-lo da província de Corrientes. Logo as políticas fiscais na esfera econômica promovidas por seus apoiadores encontraram amarga resistência da "elite local" que mobilizou seus seguidores no Partido Liberal Mitrista, de onde expressaram oposição aos mandatos e contestaram abertamente a orientação das políticas fiscais. As “elites centrais” levantaram um dilema na direção da política nacional com o slogan “governar é povoar”. A premissa implicava que o Estado deveria estimular com maior ênfase a imigração e também tentar garantir o sucesso de tais empreendimentos ainda que enfrentassem diretamente os interesses econômicos das “elites locais” do interior do país. Este artigo analisará a trajetória do empresário Domingo Barthe como representante da elite local do Território Nacional de Misiones a partir da bem-sucedida atividade empresarial no Alto Paraná que o levou a um confronto com a política fiscal do governador Juan José Lanusse. O conflito gerou uma longa ação judicial que questionou a política de imigração bem como a outorga das concessões das ervas silvestres e revelou como pano de fundo as redes de relações políticas, econômicas e jurídicas dos atores envolvidos.
O papel da tradição na construção do mundo histórico
Authors: Leite Augusto Bruno de Carvalho Dias
Published: November 2019

Através da exposição inicial do significado da tradição para Martin Heidegger, Sigmund Freud e Walter Benjamin, proponho-me a analisar as implicações ontológicas e epistemológicas que a tradição identificada com a transmissão cultural produz para a compreensão histórica. Para tanto, a impessoalidade (Heidegger), a estrutura super-egoica (Freud) e a transmissibilidade (Benjamin) serão examinadas por este artigo à luz do conceito de passado como o limite-criativo do tempo em conexão com a tradição – apresentada como condição existencial.
Clube de Cinema da Bahia e a sua participação no campo cinematográfico nos anos 1970
Authors: Melo Izabel de Fátima Cruz
Published: November 2019

Este artigo trata das ações do Clube de Cinema da Bahia durante a década de 1970 em Salvador. Pretende-se a partir da descrição e análise da sua programação, composta tanto por exibições regulares e mostras temáticas, quanto por cursos, palestras e seminários, evidenciar a sua importância junto com o Grupo Experimental de Cinema e a Jornada de Cinema da Bahia como vértices impulsionadores da cultura cinematográfica na Bahia durante este período, que articulados proporcionaram além da possibilidade de acesso a uma filmografia diversa, um espaço de formação para críticos, cineastas, produtores e técnicos, alguns ainda hoje em atividade no cinema brasileiro.
Os curtas-metragens de Paulo Sacramento e o debate sobre a violência no Brasil dos anos 1990
Authors: Kaminski Rosane
Published: November 2019

Os curtas-metragens Ave (1992) e Juvenília (1994), ambos realizados por Paulo Sacramento, são objetos de reflexão neste texto, que tem como propósito amplo discutir as relações entre imagem e violência. O exame dos filmes é feito a partir da ideia de violência, que está presente no seu âmbito semântico e também na sua linguagem, inventiva e irônica. Dois fenômenos observados na história brasileira dos anos 1980-90 se articulam à análise fílmica: 1) a exacerbação da violência social e sua visibilidade nos debates acadêmicos, culturais e políticos; e 2) o aumento na produção de curtas-metragens, incluindo um significativo grupo de filmes que discute a violência no país. Com interesse em averiguar a conexão entre filmes e conjuntura social, olha-se para esses dois curtas-metragens de Paulo Sacramento, não apenas como “representação da violência”, mas como produtos que participam do processo de “desnaturalização” e ampliação das discussões críticas sobre a violência no Brasil.
A elaboração do Atlas Histórico Escolar do MEC: entrevista com a historiadora Miridan Britto Falci
Authors: Peixoto Renato Amado
Published: November 2019

Miridan Bugyja Britto Falci foi professora do Departamento de História UFRJ de 1970 a 1999. Concluiu o seu doutorado em História Social na USP em 1992 e fez o seu estágio pós-doutoral na École des Hautes Études (EHESS) em Paris, no ano de 1995. Os seus principais interesses de pesquisa são a escravidão e a demografia. A professora Miridan é o único integrante vivo da Comissão que elaborou o Atlas Histórico Escolar entre 1958 e 1959. Publicado pelo Ministério da Educação e Cultura, o Atlas teve oito edições em vinte e quatro anos, tendo sido vendidos mais de um milhão de exemplares e, até hoje, é o único atlas histórico produzido e publicado no Brasil.
O Porto do Rio de Janeiro no Acervo do Patrimônio da União
Authors: Fonseca Thiago Vinícius Mantuano da
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de dar publicidade ao Projeto Acervo Documental SPU-MPOG/BID/UFF e o potencial da documentação sob guarda da SPU-RJ. 2 , através da transcrição de um relevante documento que compõe o Acervo. A Escritura Manuscrita que transcrevo se justifica, pois, além de não estar no horizonte breve de documentos a serem disponibilizados digitalmente, é extremamente representativa para História Urbano-Portuária do Rio de Janeiro.
An Improved Stochastic Model for Cybersecurity Risk Assessment
Authors: Abimbola Oni Omoyemi , Odunola Akinyemi Bodunde , Temitope Aladesanmi Adegboye , Aderounmu Ganiyu Adesola , Hamidja Kamagaté Beman
Published: November 2019

Most of the existing solutions in cybersecurity analysis has been centered on identifying threats and vulnerabilities, and also providing suitable defense mechanisms to improve the robustness of the cyberspace network. These solutions lack effective capabilities to countermeasure the effect of risks and perform long-term prediction. In this paper, an improved risk assessment model for cyberspace security that will effectively predict and mitigate the consequences of risk was developed. Real-time vulnerabilities of a selected network were scanned and analysed and the ease of vulnerability exploitability was assessed. A Risk Assessment Model was formulated using the synergy of Absorbing Markov Chain and Markov Reward Model. The model was utilized to analyse cybersecurity state of the selected network. The proposed model was simulated using R- Statistical Package, and its performance was evaluated by benchmarking with an existing model, using Reliability and Availability as metrics. The result showed that the proposed model has higher reliability and availability over the existing model. This implied that there is a significant improvement in the assessment of security situations in a cyberspace network.
Nasal septum turbinate and its significance for a rhinosurgeon
Authors: Tretiakow Dmitry , Skorek Andrzej
Published: November 2019

Nasal septal turbinate (NST) is a clearly visible structure located in the anterior part of nasal cavity on the nasal septum that limits laterally the nasal valve. It is often thought that the structure of NST and its function are poorly characterized and is rarely considered by rhinosurgeons during plan and make surgery.
NST represents as a fusiform area of the erectile tissue, similar in structure and function to nasal turbinate. The central part of the NST contains cartilage of the nasal septum, but most of its three-dimensional volume consists of soft tissues: mucosa, erectile tissue, blood vessels and secretory glands.
According to various researchers, the main function of NST is to ensure a change in the air flow towards the nasal turbinate and the osteomeatal complex and humidification the first portion of the air at the beginning of inspiration. Destruction of NST during septoplasty can lead to tissue drying and predispose to scabs and epistaxis.
Preliminary treatment results suggest that NST is an important surgical target in rhinosurgery.
Ludwik Rydygier (1850-1920) a otorynolaryngologia
Część I. Lwowskie drogi: zawodowa i naukowa
Authors: Kierzek Andrzej
Published: November 2019

Ludwik Rydygier (1850-1920) był jednym z najbardziej w świecie znanych polskich chirurgów drugiej połowy XIX i pierwszych dwóch dekad XX stulecia. Ten praktykujący w wielu chirurgicznych ośrodkach: Gdańsku, Chełmnie, Gryfii, Jenie, Wiedniu, Krakowie - lekarz osiadł w 1897 r. we Lwowie. Autor niniejszej dwuczęściowej publikacji postanowił jego drogi: życiową, zawodową i naukową zaprezentować niezwykle skrótowo, natomiast szerzej zanalizować lata lwowskie.
Evaluation of Functional Brain Connectivity correlated with Power Spectrum Density during Mental Fatigue
Authors: Ferreira Mylena N. R. , Siravenha Ana Carolina Q. , C. Filho Iraquitan , Gomes Bruno D. , Carvalho Schubert R.
Published: November 2019

The progressive and gradual escalation of mental fatigue implies specific alterations in both power spectral values and brain connectivity. Detect these variations can improve the understanding of mental fatigue, and lead to identifying sensitive channels to mental state changes and also to identify brain connectivity profiles. This article aims to identify pairs of electrodes that could be used as indicators of mental fatigue based on highly correlated connectivity variations with power spectral values, and also high significance through both normal and fatigue states. In an effort to validate the selected pairs of channels, labeled and unlabeled datasets were subjected to statistical analysis. Our results indicate the concentration of channels in the anterior and posterior brain regions in the left hemisphere, and attenuation of brain connectivity.
A multi-stream dense network with different receptive fields to assess visual quality
Authors: Gonçalves Luan A. , Zampolo Ronaldo F. , Barros Fabrício B.
Published: November 2019

The prediction of visual quality is crucial in image and video systems. Image quality metrics based on the mean square error prevail in the field, due to their mathematical straightforwardness, even though they do not correlate well with the visual human perception. Latest achievements in the area support that the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) to assess perceptual visual quality is a clear trend. Results in other applications, like blur detection and de-raining, indicate the combination of different receptive fields (i.e., convolutional kernels with different dimensions) improves a CNN performance. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of different receptive fields in visual quality characterization is still an open issue. Thus, in this paper, we investigate the influence of using different receptive fields to predict image distortion. Specifically, we propose a multi-stream dense network that estimates a spatially-varying quality metric parameter from either reference or distorted images. The performance of the proposed method is compared with a competing state-of-the-art approach by using a public image database. Results show the proposed strategy outperforms the competing technique when the quality metric parameter is estimated from degraded images.
Improving Patient Experience of Wait Times and Courtesy Through Electronic Sign-in and Notification in the Phlebotomy Clinic
Authors: Le Vincent , Wagar Elizabeth A. , Phipps Ron A. , Del Guidice Robert E. , Le Han , Middleton Lavinia P.
Published: November 2019

Context.—

The phlebotomy clinic, which sees on average 900 patients a day, was faced with issues of congestion and noise due to inefficient workflow and processes. The staff called each patient name for his or her turn, and patients were unsure of wait time and position in line. These factors led to unfavorable patient satisfaction regarding wait times and courtesy of the staff.

Objective.—

To improve patients' experience of wait times and courtesy in the phlebotomy clinic through an electronic sign-in and notification system, redesign of the area, and training of employees.

Design.—

An electronic sign-in and notification system was implemented in the phlebotomy clinic. Several sign-in stations and whiteboard wall monitors were installed in the clinic, along with a redesign of the patient flow. A Press Ganey survey was given to patients after their visit which included 3 questions related to wait times, courtesy, and information about delays, respectively. The mean responses for each month between March 2016 and December 2018 were aggregated and compared for each measure.

Results.—

Overall, wait time saw a 7.7% increase in satisfaction score, and courtesy saw a 1.0% increase in satisfaction score during the course of the several interventions that were introduced. The operational efficiency of the clinic also saw a veritable increase because the percent of patients processed within 20 minutes increased by 27%, from 62% (8212 of 13 245 blood draws) to 89% (11 703 of 13 143 blood draws).

Conclusions.—

The interventions implemented proved to increase the patient satisfaction in each of the measures. The electronic sign-in and whiteboards provided valuable information to both patients and staff.
Das fontes orais às fontes visuais: narrativas das ações do mobral cultural no sertão de alagoas (1973-1985)
Authors: Silva Jailson Costa da , Freitas Marinaide Lima de Queiroz
Published: November 2019

O artigo objetiva apresentar narrativas sobre as ações do Programa Mobral Cultural, implementado pelo Movimento Brasileiro de Alfabetização (Mobral), no município de Santana do Ipanema-AL (1973-1985), com o desígnio de reconstrução da memória em Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Trata-se de um recorte de uma pesquisa que buscou compreender – a partir de fontes orais e visuais –, como os sujeitos do sertão alagoano experienciaram e ressignificaram as ações culturais desenvolvidas pelo Mobral em um contexto de Ditadura civil-militar. Os depoimentos foram colhidos por meio da abordagem qualitativa da história oral, com base nos postulados teóricos de Alberti (2008), Portelli (2010), Bosi (1994) e Thompson (1992) privilegiando, também, a fotografia como fonte baseado em Cartier-Bresson (1971), Leite (1993) e Mauad (1996). As fontes orais e visuais trouxeram novas reflexões em relação ao lugar – sertão alagoano. Isso nos fez perceber as contribuições e ressignificações que foram possíveis no contexto da investigação, entre elas a apropriação dos artistas locais das ações culturais desenvolvidas em um Movimento marcado pela Ditadura civil-militar.
Tourism transitions, changes, and the creation of new spaces and places in Central-Eastern Europe
Authors: Więckowski Marek , Saarinen Jarkko
Published: November 2019

This paper outlines the general context of tourism, and the changes it underwent, in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries post-1990. The role of European Union enlargement is also discussed, allowing for an overall highlighting of the outcomes for tourism of the CEE countries’ political, administrative and institutional transformations. In essence, the development of transport systems and infrastructure have combined with the changing socio-economic conditions people experience to impact economically, socially and culturally – expanding the opportunities where tourism is concerned, as well as competition between countries and regions when it comes to attracting both tourists as such and investors. More specifically, the rapid privatisation of state-owned assets ensured a major impact in changing and developing tourism in the CEE, with the communist/post-communist structural changes in general proving a crucial catalyst underpinning most of the changes noted. This paper further serves the function of concluding contributions making up this special issue, and thus seeks to outline new future directions by which tourism in the CEE countries can be researched from the perspective of human geography.
A New Reference to Evaluate Syndesmosis in Sagittal Plane Radiographs of the Ankle: The Lateral Posterior Ankle Ratio
Authors: Turgut Ali , Bilgin Emre , Filibeli Mert , Kuşak İbrahim , Kumbaracı Mert , Kalenderer Önder
Published: November 2019

Background:

Confirmation of anatomical reduction of ankle syndesmosis is mandatory because improper reduction leads to poor functional results. Coronal plane evaluation of syndesmosis is well described in the literature, but there is little information about sagittal plane evaluation. We sought to evaluate the relationship of fibula and tibia in the sagittal plane and create a new reference that can be applied easily and reliably.

Methods:

Lateral ankle radiographs of 337 individuals with no history of ankle fracture were evaluated. A line was drawn between the anterior and posterior cortices of the distal lateral tibia, and the length of this line was measured (line 1). The distance between the anterior and posterior cortices of the fibula on this line was measured, and the center of this second distance was identified and marked. The posterior half of the fibular width was divided by line 1 and was named the lateral posterior ankle ratio (LPAR). Statistical analysis was performed by side and sex.

Results:

Mean patient age was 38.6 years; mean LPAR was 0.48. There was a significant difference between men and women by age (P < .001) and LPAR (P = .01). There was no significant difference between right and left ankles by age (P = .63) and LPAR (P = .64). The LPAR was less than 0.40 in 6.8% of the radiographs, 0.40 to 0.50 in 57.9%, and greater than 0.50 to 0.60 in 32.9%.

Conclusions:

The LPAR should approximate 50% in normal lateral ankle images and, by extrapolation, after syndesmotic reduction.
Spontaneous Rupture of Multiple Tendons in the Lower Extremity Following the Diagnosis of Lyme Disease
Authors: Fiacco Regina , Clancy James T.
Published: November 2019

Over a time frame of less than 1 year, a 23-year-old competitive horseback rider experienced a midsubstance tear of both the tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus tendons without inciting injury. It was after the second spontaneous tear that the patient's recent diagnosis of Lyme disease became the likely culprit. Often, patients with chronic Lyme disease present with an elaborate clinical picture that can mimic many more common diagnoses such as septic arthritis, transient synovitis, ligamentous sprain, and various other traumatic injuries. With the pathognomonic erythema migrans rash reported to be present less than 50% of the time in late-stage infections, the diagnosis of Lyme disease can often be difficult, with a high rate of underdiagnosis. It is important that Lyme disease be included in the differential diagnosis of spontaneous tendon pathology, especially for physicians practicing in highly endemic areas. The treatment is relatively simple and successful—especially for an acute infection—and it is important to initiate treatment promptly to prevent disability.
Adult Tillaux Fracture in Association with Volkmann and Maisonneuve Fratures: A Case Report
Authors: Mansur Henrique , Lima Thiago , Goncalves Cesar , Castro Isnar
Published: November 2019

Tillaux fracture is known to occur in adolescents once it happens during the transition period when the medial and central physis has finished closure, but the lateral physis is still opened. The trauma mechanism is typically external rotation ankle injury resulting in an avulsion fracture of the anterolateral tibial plafond. This fracture has rarely been reported in adults, especially associated with other injuries. We report a case of Tillaux fracture in an adult, associated with a Volkmann fracture and a Maisonneuve fracture, that were surgically treated with open reduction and internal fixation and had an excellent outcome. Recognizing and appropriately treating these injuries is key in the prevention of further degenerative arthritis and instability.
Lateral Transfibular Approach to Tibial Pilon Fractures: A Case Report
Authors: Tosun Bilgehan , Selek Ozgur
Published: November 2019

We present a case of tibial pilon fracture where only the lateral part of the distal tibia was affected. The transfibular approach to the ankle was used for the surgical treatment of the fracture. After an initial nonweightbearing period of 3 weeks, full weightbearing was allowed 8 weeks after surgery. The second-year follow-up showed no evidence of degenerative signs, with full ankle range of motion.
Ease of Application and Removal of Common Total-Contact Cast Systems Used in the Podiatric Medical Community
Authors: Ludwig Kathy , Homer Von , Jensen Jeffrey
Published: November 2019

Background:

Although total-contact cast (TCC) systems are considered the gold standard for off-loading plantar ulcers, less than 6% of patients with diabetic foot ulcers receive them due to negative perceptions of special technique requirements and time investment in their application and removal. We compared the ease of use and casting time of four TCC systems.

Methods:

Four novice casters applied each of the four TCC systems three times using the manufacturer's written instructions for cast application and removal of each cast type. For each TCC system, casters also provided ratings of quality and effectiveness, their level of confidence in applying each system, and overall ease of use.

Results:

The time to complete the first application of each cast type was not different among TCC systems. However, by the third application, TCC-EZ had a significantly faster application time than the other three TCC systems. In addition, TCC-EZ was considered better overall in packaging and instructions, quality of cast components, and casting method than the other TCC systems. Half of the casters rated TCC-EZ and MedE-Kast as the easiest to apply after the third and final trial, and TCC-EZ and MedE-Kast were rated as being the cast chosen to use in the casters' clinical practices.

Conclusions:

One of the obstacles to use of TCC systems, despite being recognized as the gold standard of off-loading, is the perception of a prolonged learning curve on application. This study demonstrated that TCC-EZ can be applied by novice casters in less than 14 minutes after their third application experience.
Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs and mRNAs in MDBK cells expressing bovine papillomavirusE5oncogene
Authors: Pang Feng , Chen Zhen , Wang Chengqiang , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhang Zhenxing , Yang Xiaohong , Zheng Yiying , Liu Ang , Cheng Yiwen , Chen Jie , Li Bin , Du Li , Wang Fengyang
Published: November 2019

Delta bovine papillomaviruses (δBPVs) causes fibropapillomas or bladder cancer in cattle.E5is the major oncogene of δBPVs; however, the influence thatE5oncogene has on host microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression profiles remains little elucidated. In the present study, small RNA sequencing and RNA sequencing were used to explore alterations in miRNAs and mRNAs inE5over-expressing Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells compared with controls. In total, 77 miRNAs (including 30 bovine-derived miRNAs) and 223 genes were differentially expressed (DE) followingE5overexpression. The dysregulated genes were mainly involved in metabolic and biosynthetic processes. We constructed a potential miRNA-gene regulatory network from the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DE miRNAs. Finally, 22 DEGs and nine DE miRNAs were selected for RT-qPCR validation. Of these, downregulation of six miRNAs,bta-miR-34c,bta-miR-122,bta-miR-195,bta-miR-449b,bta-miR-2425-5p, andbta-miR-2428-3pwere confirmed; In addition, upregulation of 16 genes,ACSS2,DDIT4,INHBE,INSIG1,PNRC1,PSAT1,PSPH,PYCR1,SC4MOL,SLC34A2,SCD,SPARC,IDI1,PCK2,HMGCS1, andSMIM14and downregulation of two genes,BATF3andWFDC2were confirmed. Specially,bta-miR-34candbta-miR-449bpotentially regulatedPYCR1andDDIT4, which were involved in cancer progression and angiogenesis. Our study presented for the first time the comprehensive miRNA and mRNA alterations in MDBK cells expressing the BPVE5oncogene, providing new insights into the tumorigenesis induced by BPV E5.
Effect of Crude Oil Concentrations on the Vascular Bundle Size of Two Maize Varieties
Authors: Ajuziogu G. C. , Abu N. E. , Aino D. O. , Ideyi S. , Udoh O. E. , Ojua E. O.
Published: November 2019

The reliance of humanity on fossil fuels particularly petroleum hydrocarbons has been on the increase and had led to increased pollution of agricultural lands. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of crude oil concentrations on the vascular bundle sizes of two Zea mays varieties – Oba Super Zaria (OSZM) and SMZ 37 Kaduna commonly cultivated in the South-eastern Nigeria. The study was conducted in the green house in the Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Ayingba, Kogi State. The experiment was setup as a 2 × 4 factorial laid out in a Completely Randomized Design replicated three times with four treatment concentrations (0-control, 15, 30 and 45 ml) of petroleum crude and two maize varieties. Highly significant effects (P < 0.001) of the concentrations as well as the varieties were observed on the vascular bundles. The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in vascular bundle sizes with increasing concentration, with plants exposed to 45ml crude oil concentration having the smallest vascular bundle sizes. The vascular bundle sizes of Oba super Zaria decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing concentrations of crude oil, while significant differences were also observed with the increasing concentrations in SMZ 37 Kaduna as compared to the control. Based on the results obtained from this investigation, OSZM appeared to be more susceptible to soils affected with crude oil.
Evaluation of Seed Pre-sowing Treatment Effects on Seedling Emergence and Morphological Growth Parameters of Acacia auriculiformis (Australian Wattle) in Different Soil Types
Authors: Ojo M. O. , Kareem I. A. , Adeoti W. A.
Published: November 2019

The multiple products derivable from Acacia auriculiformis in terms of its soil nutrient augmentation by virtue of its nitrogen fixation capabilities are incontrovertible. This is in addition to being an ornamental, evergreen and shade providing tree, But its seed dormancy and dearth of knowledge regarding its growth rates in different soil types had hampered large scale production of its seedlings. Thus, an evaluation of the effects of some seed pre-sowing treatments on its seedling emergence (rates and percentages) and morphological growth parameters (external) in different soil types were investigated at the Screen House of the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria for a period of 8 weeks. The experimental design was a 4 × 3 factorial experiment in completely randomized design comprising 4 different soil types, 3 pre – sowing treatment methods (replicated thrice). Seedling emergence (rates and percentages) and external morphological growth indices (plant height, collar girth, number of leaves and leaf area) were investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was employed in processing the data collected by employing relevant statistical package (SPSS 20.0). Results indicated that seeds pretreated with concentrated sulphuric acid and sowed in sandy loam (a3b1) emerged as the best treatment combination in terms of seedling emergence rate and percentage, morphological growth indices (significant at P<0.05) while the control (aobo: river sand with untreated seeds) had the lowest values.
Indigenous Knowledge and Practices on Medicinal Plants Used by Local Communities of Gambella Region, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Megenase Jemberu Alemu , Tilahun Gelaye Ketema , Kumar Dara Prem
Published: November 2019

Indigenous knowledge and practices on medicinal plants used by local communities of Gambella region, south west Ethiopia was conducted to investigate those potential and popular medicinal plants used for the treatment of various diseases in Gambella region. A total of 100 purposively selected inhabitants were employed in the study of which 84 were male and 16 were females. A traditional use of plants information was obtained by semi structured oral interviews from experienced rural elders, Focus group discussion and through questionnaire administered to traditional herbal medicine practitioners of the study area. 81 medicinal plants were identified for the traditional treatment of both human (25) and animal (16) disease. The highest numbers of medicinal plants for traditional uses utilized by this community were belonging to shrubs 30(37.03%) followed by trees (32.10%). The result reviled that 15.2% of the remedies are prepared from root part and squeezing accounts 17(20.99%) followed by chewing 14(17.28%). The major routs of administration of traditional medicines were reported oral 50(61.73%). Urine, placental retention and milk let down accounts higher informants’ consensus factor value (0.96). The findings showed that sheferaw and leele have higher fidelity level which is 100 and 92 respectively. Various factors were recorded as the main threats of medicinal plants in the study area. In conclusion, the community carries a vast knowledge of medicinal plants but this knowledge is also rapidly disappearing in this community. Such type of ethno-botanical studies will help in systematic documentation of ethno-botanical knowledge and availing to the scientific world plant therapies used as antivenin by the Gambella community and further research on plant species identification and chemical extraction is recommended.
Phytochimic Study, Antioxidant Activity and Nutritional Interest of Extracts from Leaves of Khaya senegalensis (Desr) A. Juss (Meliaceae) Collected in the Northern Cote d'ivoire
Authors: Monon Kone , Youssouf Zanga Traore , Fernique Konan Kouadio , Abdoulaye Toure , Konan Henri Joel Koko Kouakou , Karamoko Ouattara , Adama Coulibaly
Published: November 2019

Medicinal and food plants contain a large number of metabolites that have multiple interests in pharmacology, cosmetology and the food industry. The aim of this study was to determine the content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, to evaluate the antioxidant activity and to raise the nutritional interest of extracts from leaves of Khaya senegalensis. The methodological approach consisted of carrying out extractions with distilled water, ethanol, methanol and butanol. The extracts thus obtained were subjected to phytochemical analysis by spectrophotometric assay to determine the content of minerals, total phenols and flavonoids and to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The investigations revealed that K. senegalensis leaves extract have a high calcium content (948.38 ± 11.57 mg / 100 g), magnesium (188.24 ± 0.97 mg / 100 g), phosphorus (304.98 ± 2.6 mg / 100 g) and iron (41.50 ± 1.57 mg / 100 g). A high content of total phenols and flavonoids was observed with butanol extract (91.53 ± 0.04 mg EAG / g extract) and (75.58 ± 0.05 mg EQ / g extract) respectively. The ethanol and methanol extracts recorded the best performances by reducing the residual iron while the aqueous and butanol extracts obtained the IC50 values closest to those of the reference viz vitamin C and BHT. This studyshowed that K. senegalensis leaves are a source of active substances known for their therapeutic and nutritional properties. The leaves of K. senegalensis could be used to treat various pathologies and also as an alternative in cattle feeding.
Default mode network anatomy and function is linked to pediatric concussion recovery
Authors: Iyer Kartik K. , Zalesky Andrew , Barlow Karen M. , Cocchi Luca
Published: November 2019

Objective

To determine whether anatomical and functional brain features relate to key persistent post–concussion symptoms (PPCS) in children recovering from mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), and whether such brain indices can predict individual recovery from PPCS.

Methods

One hundred and ten children with mixed recovery following mTBI were seen at the concussion clinic at Neurology department Alberta Children’s Hospital. The primary outcome was the Post–Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI, parent proxy). Sleep disturbance scores (PCSI subdomain) and the Neurocognition Index (CNS Vital Signs) were also measured longitudinally. PPCS was assessed at 4 weeks postinjury and 8–10 weeks postinjury. Gray matter volumes were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel‐based morphometry at 4 weeks postinjury. Functional connectivity was estimated at the same timepoint using resting‐state MRI. Two complementary machine learning methods were used to assess if the combination of gray matter and functional connectivity indices carried meaningful prognostic information.

Results

Higher scores on a composite index of sleep disturbance, including fatigue, were associated with converging decreases in gray matter volume and local functional connectivity in two key nodes of the default mode network: the posterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex. Sleep‐related disturbances also significantly correlated with reductions in functional connectivity between these brain regions. The combination of structural and functional brain indices associated to individual variations in the default mode network accurately predicted clinical outcomes at follow‐up (area under the curve = 0.86).

Interpretation

These results highlight that the function–structure profile of core default mode regions underpins sleep‐related problems following mTBI and carries meaningful prognostic information for pediatric concussion recovery.
Suitable Electrode Materials for Titanium Sheet Deposition
Authors: Kishimoto Akihiro , Yamada Yuuki , Funatsu Kohei , Uda Tetsuya
Published: November 2019

Titanium is widely recognized to show an excellent resistance in highly corrosive environments, and the resource of titanium ore is abundant. However, the applications are limited because of the high cost for titanium production. In addition to the chlorination and reduction process, the fabrication process to sheet or foil is expensive. A cost‐effective production process for titanium sheet is therefore investigated. A procedure to mechanically peel off electrodeposited titanium sheet from electrodes is established. Glassy carbon and molybdenum electrodes are found to be suitable for this purpose.
Atomic Mechanisms for the Si Atom Dynamics in Graphene: Chemical Transformations at the Edge and in the Bulk
Authors: Ziatdinov Maxim , Dyck Ondrej , Jesse Stephen , Kalinin Sergei V.
Published: November 2019

The dynamic behavior of e‐beam irradiated Si atoms in the bulk and at the edges of single‐layer graphene is examined using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). A deep learning network is used to convert experimental STEM movies into coordinates of individual Si and carbon atoms. A Gaussian mixture model is further used to establish the elementary atomic configurations of the Si atoms, defining the bonding geometries and chemical species and accounting for the discrete rotational symmetry of the host lattice. The frequencies and Markov transition probabilities between these states are determined. This analysis enables insight into the defect populations and chemical transformation networks from the atomically resolved STEM data. Here, a clear tendency is observed for the formation of a 1D Si crystal along zigzag direction of graphene edges and for the Si impurity coupling to topological defects in bulk graphene.
Laser‐Guided Microcanvas Printing of Multicolor Upconversion Nanoparticles on Molybdenum Disulfide Monolayer
Authors: Poh Eng Tuan , Liu Xiaogang , Sow Chorng Haur
Published: November 2019

Scanning focused laser beams incident on nanomaterials have provided a nondestructive and facile technique to fabricate micropatterns of a wide variety of hybrid materials. Conventionally, the technique is limited to localized chemical modification or in situ reduction of specific metal ions en route to heterogeneous material systems. However, as hybrid structures continue to be an essential form to couple various material properties and bring forth nanostructures with designable traits, the need for a flexible technique to interface nanomaterials presynthesized in higher quality remains an important challenge. Herein, a technique for laser‐guided microcanvas formation by anchoring preformed upconversion nanoparticles at specific sites on a MoS2 monolayer surface is presented. The technique expands the building blocks in laser‐produced hybrid structures to include presynthesized nanomaterials. The upconversion microstructures are formed via a microbubble‐assisted mechanism, with distinct emission contrast against the background. The proof‐of‐concept production of a multicolor upconversion microcanvas marks the potential for full‐color high‐resolution displays while the technique opens up the possibility of fabricating an expandable range of new hybrid structures.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective Three‐Component Tandem Reaction to Bicyclic 1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Duan Xinyu , Huang Xin , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: November 2019

A Pd‐catalyzed highly selective tandem reaction of allenynes, aryl or alkenyl iodides, and sodium azide for the synthesis of bicyclic 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives with a very broad substrate scope including mono‐substituted, 1,3‐disubstituted, and trisubstituted allenynes as well as different types of organic iodides has been reported. Control experiments showed that the reaction went through a cascade allene difunctionalization/Winstein allylic azide rearrangement/intramolecular azide‐alkyne cycloaddition process.

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Signatures of a Charge Density Wave Phase and the Chiral Anomaly in the Fermionic Material Cobalt Monosilicide CoSi
Authors: Schnatmann Lauritz , Geishendorf Kevin , Lammel Michaela , Damm Christine , Novikov Sergey , Thomas Andy , Burkov Alexander , Reith Heiko , Nielsch Kornelius , Schierning Gabi
Published: November 2019

Materials with topological electronic states have emerged as one of the most exciting discoveries of condensed quantum matter, hosting quasiparticles with extremely low effective mass and high mobility. Weyl materials contain such topological states in the bulk and additionally have a non‐trivial chiral charge. However, despite known quantum effects caused by these chiral states, the interplay between chiral states, and a charge density wave phase, an ordering of the electrons to a correlated phase is not experimentally explored. Indications for the formation of a charge density wave phase in the Weyl material cobalt monosilicide CoSi are observed. Furthermore, the typical signatures of the charge density wave phase together with typical signatures of Weyl fermions in magnetic field dependent electrical transport characterization are investigated. The charge density wave and the chiral contribution to the electrical magneto‐transport are separated as well as a suppression of the charge density wave phase is observed in magnetic fields.
Toward Promising Cathode Catalysts for Nonlithium Metal–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Mei Jun , Liao Ting , Liang Ji , Qiao Yanxin , Dou Shi Xue , Sun Ziqi
Published: November 2019

The success of Li–air/O2 batteries has brought extensive attention to the development of various promising non‐Li metal–O2 batteries, such as Zn–O2, Al–O2, Mg–O2 batteries, etc., which have exhibited unique advantages, such as low production cost, high energy density, and much enhanced safety. The versatile non‐Li metal–O2 batteries provide a better opportunity for meeting the practical requirements for sustainable energy supplies in various applications. A high‐performance cathode in non‐Li metal–O2 batteries that can effectively trigger both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions and thus boost the overall battery performance is of great research interest. In this article, a comprehensive review on the development of Li‐free metal–O2 batteries and particularly focusing on the oxygen catalytic cathodes for both primary and secondary non‐Li metal–O2 batteries is carefully performed. The current challenges and potential solutions are also outlined and proposed. Through carefully selecting and rationally designing promising catalytic cathodes, a series of non‐Li metal–oxygen batteries toward practical energy storage applications are highly anticipated.
In Situ Mechanistic Elucidation of Superior Si‐C‐Graphite Li‐Ion Battery Anode Formation with Thermal Safety Aspects
Authors: Parekh Mihit H. , Sediako Anton D. , Naseri Ali , Thomson Murray J. , Pol Vilas G.
Published: November 2019

A composite anode material synthesized using silicon nanoparticles, micrometer sized graphite particles, and starch‐derived amorphous carbon (GCSi) offers scalability and enhanced electrochemical performance when compared to existing graphite anodes. Mechanistic elucidation of the formation steps of tailored GCSi composite are achieved with environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) and thermal safety aspects of the composite anode are studied for the first time using specially designed multimode calorimetry for coin cell studies. Electrochemical analysis of the composite anode demonstrates a high initial discharge capacity (1126 mAh g−1) and yields a high coulombic efficiency of 83% in the first charge cycle. Applying a current density of 500 mA g−1, the anode composite retains 448 mAh g−1 specific capacity after 100 cycles. Cycling stability is a result of improved interfacial binding made possible by the interconnected architecture of wheat derived amorphous carbon, enhancing the electrochemical kinetics and decreasing the inherent issues associated with volume expansion and pulverization of pristine Si electrodes. Comparing the energy released during thermal runaway, per specific capacity for the full‐cell, the GCSi composite releases less heat than the conventional graphitic anode, suggesting a synergistic effect of each ingredient of the GCSi composite, providing a safer and higher performing anode.
Comparing endoscopic resection and open resection for management of sinonasal mucosal melanoma
Authors: Farber Nicole I. , Bavier Richard D. , Crippen Meghan M. , Vatsa Nishant , Hsueh Wayne D. , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: November 2019

Background

Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SMM) is a rare, aggressive cancer, optimally managed with complete surgical resection. This study aimed to assess the impact of surgical approach on outcomes by comparison of cases managed with open vs endoscopic resection.

Methods

The National Cancer Database 2010–2015 datasets were queried for all cases of non‐metastatic SMM initially managed with definitive surgery. Patients were grouped according to surgical approach (open vs endoscopic) and compared for patient, tumor, and treatment variables using chi‐square analyses. Case‐control matching was used to generate subgroups of cases paired 1:1 between groups, matched for significantly distributed variables. Subgroups were compared for perioperative outcomes and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan‐Meier analyses.

Results

Of the 686 cases of SMM managed with definitive surgery, 46.2% were treated endoscopically. Open and endoscopic groups did not differ significantly by T‐stage, primary site, or rates of adjuvant therapies. Case‐control matching for these variables generated a subpopulation of 240 paired cases. Comparison of matched groups found no significant differences in 30‐day or 90‐day mortality. Endoscopically managed patients had higher rates of unplanned readmission whereas open resection patients had longer length of stay (LOS). There was no significant difference in OS between groups.

Conclusion

In surgically managed SMM, open resection patients have significantly longer LOS, whereas endoscopic patients have higher rates of unplanned readmission. Surgical approach does not appear to influence OS.
4,4′‐Diaminodiphenylsulfone; an efficient co‐additive in dye‐sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells
Authors: Afrooz Malihe , Bagheri Omid , Dehghani Hossein
Published: November 2019

The effect of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (DADPS) as a co‐additives in iodide/triiodide redox electrolyte on the performance of dye‐sensitized solar cell based on the 2‐cyano‐3‐(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)acrylic acid (TPA) and 2‐cyano‐3‐(2΄‐(5΄,10΄,15΄,20΄‐ tetraphenylporphyrinato Zinc (II)yl) acrylic acid (Zn‐1) dyes have been investigated. Compared withstandard electrolyte (0.1 M LiI, 0.05 M I2, 0.6 M 1‐butyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium iodide (BDMII) and TBP (0.5, 1 M)), adding 0.5 M of DADPS, as a co‐additive, into the electrolyte system has caused increasing short current density (Jsc) and open‐circuit potential (Voc) consequently the energy conversion (η) improved. Electrochemical impedance results indicate adsorbing of DADPS on the titanium dioxide surface leads to an increase in the lifetime (τ). Adsorbing of DADPS on the semiconductor surface retards the interfacial charge recombination that has a beneficial effect on the Voc and Jsc. The results showed that amine groups of DADPS attach to the conduction band (CB) of TiO2 film and suppress the electron recombination process and as a result, it can be applied as a promising co‐additive in DSSCs.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling for Transforming Unactivated Aryl Electrophiles into β‐Fluoroethylarenes
Authors: Yang Yi , Luo Gen , Li Youlin , Tong Xia , He Mengmeng , Zeng Hongyao , Jiang Yan , Liu Yingle , Zheng Yubin
Published: November 2019

We report herein a facile synthetic method for converting unactivated (hetero)aryl electrophiles into β‐fluoroethylated (hetero)arenes via nickel‐catalyzed reductive cross‐couplings. This coupling reaction features the involvement of FCH2CH2 radical intermediate rather than β‐fluoroethyl manganese species which provides effective solutions to the problematic β‐fluoride side eliminations. The practical value of this protocol is further demonstrated by the late‐stage modification of several complex ArCl or ArOH‐derived bioactive molecules.
Individual and group advice taking in judgmental forecasting: Is group forecasting superior to individual forecasting?
Authors: Kim Hyo Young , Lee Yun Shin , Jun Duk Bin
Published: November 2019

We examined how individuals and groups behave in making judgmental forecasts when they are given external forecast advice. We compare individual and group advice‐taking behavior under different conditions: (a) when advice quality is fixed, (b) when advice quality is randomly varied, and (c) when there is feedback on advice quality or not. Participants in Study 1 received fixed advice of either reasonable or unreasonable quality while making their decisions. Participants in Study 2 randomly received both reasonable and unreasonable advice. We found in both studies that groups feel more confident than individuals. This greater confidence decreased the groups' reliance on advice. We also found that groups are better than individuals at discerning the quality of advice. In the group treatment, the group's reliance on advice increased according to the degree of disagreement with the initial decisions of the group members. In Study 3, participants randomly received both reasonable and unreasonable advice, and in addition, they received feedback on actual realizations that enabled them to learn about the quality of advice. In the presence of feedback on random advice quality, groups are no longer less receptive to advice than individuals; with feedback, both individuals and groups discount advice more than they do without feedback. Nevertheless, groups are still better than individuals at discerning the quality of advice. We conclude that group forecasting is better than individual forecasting across various conditions that we investigate except when advice quality is known to be consistently reliable.