bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consórcios Públicos de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos na perspectiva regional do Paraná
Authors: Dos Anjos Priscila Alves , Do Amaral Karen Juliana , Fischer Klaus Martin
Published: June 2019

O Consórcio Público pode ser uma alternativa viável para atendimento às atuais exigências do cenário de saneamento básico. Assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi analisar o processo de formação de novos consórcios públicos intermunicipais de resíduos sólidos urbanos, utilizando como estudo de caso o Estado do Paraná. A metodologia baseou-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. Para a amostra, selecionou-se o grupo de municípios do Consórcio Intermunicipal para Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos - CONRESOL e um grupo de municípios não consorciados. Foram aplicados questionários para representantes dos dois grupos. Entre os resultados, pode-se apontar a iniciativa do município como fundamental no processo da formação de novos consórcios; o trâmite jurídico para a implantação do consórcio representando mais segurança jurídica do que um empecilho; e a viabilização da disposição adequada à maior vantagem na formação desse arranjo.
O Indicador de Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável na Região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Bianco Tatiani Sobrinho Del , De Lima Jandir Ferrera , Morejon Camilo Freddy Mendoza
Published: June 2019

Os indicadores de sustentabilidade fornecem elementos que auxiliam na avaliação do processo de desenvolvimento das regiões e também do cumprimento dos objetivos e metas para produzir simultaneamente bem-estar humano em sintonia com um ecossistema sustentável. Dito isso, o presente trabalho objetivou analisar o Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável da Região Sul do Brasil, a partir da elaboração do Indicador de Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável - (IDRS), que além das variáveis econômicas e sociais incorporou também variáveis ambientais. De forma geral, o IDRS da Região Sul do Brasil demonstrou que no ano 2000 havia 95.5% dos municípios em transição e 4.45% em estágio retardatário. Já em 2010, havia 99.2% dos municípios em transição e 0.67% em estágio retardatário. Desse modo, conclui-se que apenas 0.08% dos municípios estudados ficaram classificados como em estágio avançado, em ambos os anos analisados. O bom IDRS da Região Sul do Brasil foi consequência do desempenho da variável emprego formal, consumo de energia elétrica setorial residencial, despesas com saúde, educação, desporto, lazer, previdência e assistência, estabelecimentos com áreas de matas naturais e artificiais, área verde por habitante e risco da moradia. Dessa forma, esses dados se constituem num instrumento otimizado para o planejamento de políticas públicas e ações em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável em escala regional, estadual e municipal.
Custos de formalização institucional de Sistemas Agroindustriais Familiares de Base Ecológica - SAFES
Authors: Gazolla Marcio , De Lima Arlindo Jesus Prestes , Brignoni Carolina , Bammesberger Andressa
Published: June 2019

O objetivo do trabalho foi mensurar quanto e quais são os custos de produção de sistemas agroindustriais familiares que possuem a agricultura ecológica como base de reprodução social. Neste sentido, foram relacionados, sempre comparativamente, indicadores de desempenho econômico das situações de formalidade e informalidade institucional das experiências investigadas. As perguntas que guiaram a pesquisa foram: quanto e quais são os custos para viabilizar um sistema agroindustrial ecológico nas situações de formalidade e informalidade institucional? Haveria diferenças monetárias significativas? Dentro disso, qual seria o custo da certificação orgânica? A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Regional da EMATER de Frederico Westphalen/RS, onde foram investigadas doze iniciativas, utilizando-se do aporte teórico-metodológico de avaliação econômica dos sistemas de produção. De maneira geral, os resultados evidenciam que os sistemas agroindustriais familiares ecológicos possuem menores custos de produção em situação de informalidade por um lado e, de outro, que seu valor agregado e renda agroindustrial também se elevam quando estes não seguem as legislações agroalimentares emanadas do Estado, em diferentes níveis territoriais.
Uma Análise Agroalimentar: O caso dos agricultores quilombolas da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Quilombos Barra do Turvo, SP
Authors: Santos Katia Maria Pacheco dos , Garavello Maria Elisa De Paula Eduardo
Published: June 2019

O Vale do Ribeira concentra a maior área de Mata Atlântica do Estado de São Paulo sob o regime de Unidades de Conservação e aproximadamente 21% do que existe no Brasil desse bioma. Além da rica diversidade ambiental, acrescenta-se a diversidade sociocultural, por abrigar comunidades tradicionais. Na região, há alterações quanto ao uso e ocupação da paisagem, com expansão do plantio de pupunha e pecuária. No território da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Quilombos Barra do Turvo, criada em 2008, não há alterações na paisagem provocadas por expansão de monoculturas, ao contrário, nos últimos anos, a agricultura de base ecológica tem sido atividade notadamente revalorizada pelas famílias. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as práticas econômicas associadas à reprodução do sistema de produção alimentar local. A coleta de dados baseou-se na aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com levantamento da frequência de consumo alimentar e recordatório 24 horas. A função básica da agricultura é a produção de bens alimentares voltados ao consumo familiar e à comercialização pelo Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos. Além contexto da manutenção da conservação dos recursos naturais e da segurança alimentar, as famílias mostram-se resistentes a adesão de hábitos de consumo alimentar contemporâneos.
A caracterização dos agricultores familiares que cultivam tabaco no Território Centro-Sul/RS
Authors: Cotrim Décio Souza , Canever Mario Duarte
Published: June 2019

O cultivo de tabaco no Brasil está centrado na Região Sul e em sua ampla maioria assentado na categoria da Agricultura Familiar. Esse fato traz um conjunto de características típicas desse grupo social que ao mesmo tempo os diferencia e os aproxima. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e analisar algumas dessas características focando em agricultores do território Centro-Sul do Rio Grande do Sul - RS. O método utilizado foi a construção e análise de um banco de dados baseado em entrevistas primárias realizadas pela equipe de profissionais da extensão rural. Como resultado, foi possível constatar que esses agricultores, em sua maioria, possuem uma educação formal no nível fundamental, sendo que o ensino superior e técnico não se configura como uma realidade atual. Eles estão envolvidos com o cultivo do tabaco entre 20 a 30 anos, o que produz um alto grau de conhecimento sobre o tema e um grupo de estruturas dentro da propriedade. Eles plantam, em média, trinta mil pés de fumo por safra, mas muitos utilizam a estratégia de ampliação dessa área cultivada voltando a comercialização para o mercado de “atravessadores”. As famílias apresentaram de alta a altíssima dependência econômica do tabaco, porém 65% demonstraram interesse em sair da atividade.
Definición de “Agricultura Familiar” como categoría socioeconómica
Authors: Ramos Álvaro
Published: June 2019

El objeto del presente artículo es definir consistentemente y con claridad qué características son propias definen a la “Agricultura familiar”. De esta forma se realizó una recopilación de las definiciones y metodologías comúnmente más aceptadas y utilizadas a nivel de los países, así como a nivel regional e internacional para definir y caracterizar a la agricultura familiar, tomando en cuenta su diversidad. Además o estudio intenta hacer definiciones sobre la AF como categoría socioeconómica de análisis y como las dichas definiciones se sustenten en criterios y luego en parámetros e indicadores, que puedan hacer comparables situaciones muy diferentes. El desafío ahora es reconocer la heterogenidad de la AF y comenzar a hablar de “matrices de políticas públicas” que permitan atender la complejidad de la finca familiar, la necesidad de asociar las mismas para asegurar el autoconsumo familiar y competir, así como la necesidad de asegurar los parámetros de la SAN. Finalmente, encarar una análisis de la AF como categoría socio / económica no es atemporal ni a – geográfica, está fuertemente vinculada a cada contexto y cada contexto tiene que ver con estos factores: (a) los derivados de la situación geográfica y agroecológica y distancia relativa a los mercados; (b) los derivados de los procesos económicos; (c) los derivados de la historia, la cultura, la relación con la tierra y el territorio. El Concepto de AF es una construcción multidimensional. Dentro de ella los criterios fundamentales son: (i) organización del trabajo familiar en la finca y contratación eventual de mano de obra asalariada; (ii) administración de la finca o empresa familiar, o sea quién toma las decisiones productivas y/o técnicas y/o comerciales; (c) situación relativa de autonomía o dependencia respecto de los distintos mercados (insumos, factores, productos).
Afinal, Desenvolvimento Regional serve para quê? Reflexões a partir da sociologia da libertação de Fals Borda e da sociologia da exploração de Casanova
Authors: Butzke Luciana , Mantovaneli Júnior Oklinger , Theis Ivo Marcos
Published: June 2019

A história, tanto do desenvolvimento quanto da teoria social na América Latina, está imersa no paradigma eurocêntrico, no encobrimento do Outro (maiorias exploradas no subcontinente), na exploração da natureza e na predominância de discursos “desde fora”. A teoria do desenvolvimento regional, considerada de médio alcance, é derivada da teoria do desenvolvimento e traz, em sua bagagem, enfoques importados que prometem milagres ao levar o progresso às regiões subdesenvolvidas da periferia. A teoria social, no geral, e a sociologia-centro, em particular, são parte desse paradigma e desse discurso. Nesse sentido, trazemos neste artigo a sociologia-periferia, de Fals Borda e de Casanova, em diálogo com a questão regional, como possibilidade de contra-discurso. Essa sociologia abriga a crítica eurocêntrica da teoria social e do desenvolvimento que teve lugar na América Latina, e discute o compromisso da ciência no pensar com a região e no agir para transformar/libertar a região.
A Agricultura Camponesa (des)aparecerá frente às determinações do Capital e/ou se (re)criará?
Authors: Gaspareto Sirlei Antoninha Kroth , Karnopp Erica , Deponti Cidonea Machado
Published: June 2019

Discute-se neste artigo alguns aspectos relacionados ao debate sobre o (des)aparecimento da agricultura camponesa como um tema recorrente que ganha visibilidade em diferentes contextos e perspectivas teóricas com diferentes entendimentos, concepções e percepções. Esta discussão resulta de processos que estão em construção, vão sendo (re)significados e (re)elaborados pelos próprios sujeitos que permanentemente “se fazem” nas lutas por diferentes modos de vida e por sua vez, tais construções estão em disputa tanto no mundo acadêmico quanto no mundo político. Trabalha-se com a ideia de que mesmo considerando os conflitos e as contradições inerentes ao contexto rural, a agricultura camponesa ao invés de desaparecer, se reinventa e se fortalece. A revisão conceitual sobre o tema se dá a partir de uma leitura de autores clássicos como Lênin (1899/1985) Kautsky (1980) Shanin (2005) em diálogo com outros autores como: Lamarche (1993,1998) e Abramovay (1992), Wanderley (1989), Oliveira (2004), Mendras (1976) Sandroni (1985). Busca-se na experiência do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas em Santa Catarina os significados do termo camponês – camponesa, bem como, aspectos relativos à experiência das mulheres camponesas desse Movimento em relação à ressignificação da agricultura camponesa. Conclui-se que contrariamente ao que vem sendo afirmado historicamente, o modo de vida camponesa, ao invés de desaparecer, se (re)cria, se (re)inventa e se (re)coloca nos diferentes cenários enquanto modo de vida, de resistência e de enfrentamento às determinações do Capital.
Revisando el constructo articulación trabajo-familia: entre el conflicto y el enriquecimiento
Authors: Gabini Sebastián
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: El presente artículo de revisión tuvo como objetivo proporcionar una puesta al día acerca de la teoría e investigación sobre articulación trabajo-familia.

Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos a texto completo correspondiente a los últimos cinco años (2011-2016) en bases de datos definidas como Grupo 1 (calidad AAA) por el Conicet, utilizando los descriptores: articulación trabajo-familia, conflicto trabajo-familia, enriquecimiento trabajo-familia. Luego de delimitar los resultados en función de determinados criterios de selección, se trabajó con un total de 54 artículos.

Resultados: La revisión realizada permitió sistematizar los principales mecanismos de vinculación de la interfase trabajo-familia, sus dimensiones constitutivas, las variables antecedentes y consecuentes, así como los instrumentos de medición desarrollados para evaluarla. De la misma surge que la literatura sobre el constructo ha estado dominada por la perspectiva del conflicto. A su vez, la inexistencia de un marco teórico integrador para el aspecto positivo de la articulación trabajo-familia ha dificultado las investigacionesen el área.

Conclusiones: La naturaleza del fenómeno debe ser investigada a partir de la evaluación conjunta de ambos aspectos de la articulación trabajo-familia. Futuras investigaciones podrían avanzar hacia una tipología que incorpore las diversas combinaciones de CTF y ETF, ampliar los alcances del modelo para verificar su validez  transcultural y validar instrumentos con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para tales fines.
Digital Criminology: Mathematical Methods of Prediction (Part 2)
Authors: Sukhodolov Alexander , Ivantsov Sergey , Molchanova Tatiana , Spasennikov Boris
Published: June 2019

The paper is devoted to the problems of digital criminology, the analysis of the methods of mathematical forecasting and the possibility of using them for crime research. The growing complexity of the task of crime counteraction determines the necessity for both the critical overhaul of the existing methods and the search for opportunities to go beyond the boundaries of the traditional methods of researching legal phenomena. The information and analytical work of law enforcement bodies based on the development of crime prevention programs has the key goal of the application of mathematical methods of crime analysis. The object of research is the complex of mathematical methods selected on the basis of their suitability for the purpose of criminological prediction. The authors single out the following methods: the modeling method, the correlation analysis, the analysis of rank correlations and conjugacy tables, discriminant analysis, regression analysis, dispersive analysis, covariance analysis, factor analysis, time series analysis, seasonal oscillation method, maximum likelihood method (in particular, its variety - least squares method), average annual growth rate calculation method, logical decision functions method, pattern recognition, calculus of variations, spectral analysis, Markov chains, algebra of logic, etc. Mathematical prediction in digital criminology consists in using the existing quantitative and qualitative parameters of criminality, calculating their mathematical dependence on time, space and other independent variables. The conducted research allowed the authors to state that the mathematical processing of criminological information makes it possible to improve the accuracy of predictions.
Prospects of Improving the Mechanism of Judicial Protection in Russian Criminal Proceedings: Issues of Theory and Practic
Authors: Smolkova Iraida , Vilkova Tatyana , Maziuk Roman , Nasonov Sergey , Nichiporenko Alexander
Published: June 2019

Evaluation of the trends of judicial protections development in accordance with constitutional and international legal standards is carried out through the prism of analyzing draft laws regulating court procedures and the reform of Russian court system. The author argue that it is not acceptable to limit the right to judicial appeal against the actions (inaction) and decisions of the preliminary investigation bodies and the prosecutor by introducing the obligatory preliminary examination of such complaints by the head of the investigation agency or the prosecutor according to the procedure set by Art. 124 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. They also criticize the draft law according to which only the introduction and the resolution of the verdict are pronounced on all the criminal cases: if made into law, this will greatly limit the transparency of criminal court procedures and the right of the accused and their defense attorney to appeal the verdict. The authors identify the faults in the draft law aimed at simplifying the procedure of examining the appeals (petitions) against interim solutions because the elimination of the court investigation will limit the implementation of the adversarial principle at the stage the court of appeals proceedings. It is shown that the current reform of procedures of a jury trial is aimed at strengthening and improving the judicial protection mechanism. The authors summarize the conclusions of contemporary research that although some parameters of the jurys efficiency could vary depending of the number of the jurors, in general, a smaller or a greater number of jurors does not have a decisive impact on the quality of the verdict. They show the positive prospects of giving the Head of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation the right to initiate the supervisory proceedings for criminal cases and of including in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation the right of the RF Commissioner for Human Rights to submit cassation and supervision petitions. The analysis of draft laws allows the authors to evaluate the trends for improving the mechanism of court protection in the criminal court procedures of the Russian Federation in each of the two «dimensions» of judicial protection - the institutional and the functional one.
Developing the National Capacity for Preventing Terrorism. The Case of Mongolia
Authors: Lee Julak , Khash-Erdene Urangoo
Published: June 2019

The paper examines the challenges of the «turbulent» modern world where threats have a global character. The issue of security cannot be studied outside the global trends, and fighting terrorism is paramount for organizing a safe space and establishing stability in the region. It is urgent to solve the problems of unregulated migration, the threat of using the weapons of mass destruction and means of their delivery, radioactive, toxic and other hazardous materials and production technologies for terrorism purposes. Mongolia, a democratic country with a market economy, a nomadic culture and a rich heritage, is becoming more attractive for the outside world. Today it not only poses a great cultural, tourist and investment interest, but is also open to various threats: spread of extremist ideology and radical religious groups, illegal migration, legalization of criminal income and all the resulting consequences. The authors present their evaluation and conduct a comparative analysis of the actual condition of Mongolias legal environment, its institutes and counter-terrorism structures, they outline internal and external factors that determine the possible threats and suggest ways of eliminating them. The authors also describe the specific geopolitical situation of the country and the mentality of its people; they evaluate the risk connected with the participation of Mongolian military in peacekeeping operations and the special operations of the international coalition of forces and the UNO, public vigilance and public awareness about the possible terrorist threats. The authors believe that all these factors could increase the threat of international terrorism. This situation requires the development of the counter-terrorism potential, including the prevention, identification, suppression and investigation of crimes of terrorism and extremism as well as the minimization of their consequences. The study of empirical materials through the analysis and synthesis of statistical and sociological data allows the authors to state that the problems of developing the counter-terrorism potential require serious scientific research; the authors conclude that it is necessary to create and improve a unified national system and structure of the countrys security in close cooperation with the international community.
The Reasonable Accommodation of Employees with Cancer and their Right to Privacy in the Workplace
Authors: Maimela Charles
Published: June 2019

The duty of employers to reasonably accommodate employees living with disabilities is fundamental and is invoked on a daily basis in response to various health conditions which employees experience, such as cancer. While executing this fundamental duty, employers must be mindful of other rights which employees have, such as the right to privacy. Employers run the risk of violating the employees' right to privacy in the process of accommodating them if the employer discloses confidential medical information which must be used only for the purpose of making accommodations for the employee concerned, in this context an employee with cancer. This paper focuses on the duty of employers to reasonably accommodate such employees, and the right to privacy of the employees. Further, this paper aims to investigate if a balance can be maintained between the duty of the employer to make such accommodations and the right to privacy of the employees
An Appraisal of the Functioning and Effectiveness of the East African Court of Justice
Authors: Possi Ally
Published: June 2019

This contribution reflects on the functioning of the East African Court of Justice (EACJ) and judges its effectiveness by assessing the Court's role of ensuring adherence to, the application of and compliance with the East African Community (EAC) Treaty. The EACJ became operational on 30 November 2001, following its inauguration after the swearing in of its judges and the Registrar. During this initial stage of the Court's existence there were indications that the EACJ was failing to stamp its authority on the activities of the Community. The main reason for this failure is the existence of gaps in the EAC Treaty, which prevent the EACJ from effectively discharging its functions. In addition, as shown in this article, the EACJ has been delivering judgements on the grounds of doubtful authority which has gradually diminished the Court's legitimacy. Given its relevance to the EAC, this may therefore be the time to audit the EACJ's functioning and reflect on whether it is moving in the right direction. The hypothesis of this article is that the EACJ has been struggling to establish its authority in the region, mostly in the areas of human rights, the rule of law and good governance. In tracing its history so far it is easy to discern its strategic attempts at judicial law-making to arrogate to itself the role of the protector of human rights. While it is acknowledged that the EACJ is increasingly receiving cases of a divergent nature, most of these cases have had little influence on the integration project or are outside the scope of its mandate.
African Organic Product Standards for the African Continent? Prospects and Limitations
Authors: Lim Tung Odile Juliette
Published: June 2019

Organic agriculture is a sustainable agricultural system with high environmental protection and animal welfare. In 2015, the world organic agriculture covered 50.9 million hectares with Oceania as the biggest regional producer with 22.8 million hectares and Africa as the least regional producer (1.7 million hectares). While organic agriculture may not be the only solution for African farming, it aligns with sustainable economic development and does not involve chemical inputs. Whereas there are different private standards, not all African countries have national organic standards and there are no pan-African organic standards. This paper discusses the need to address the proliferation of organic standards as a trade barrier through pan-African organic standards and inspire the development of harmonised domestic standards. It examines the prospects for pan-African organic standards, their limitations and makes recommendations for the making, the contents and implementation of such standards domestically and national measures to support African organic agriculture.
Promoting Public Participation in the Energy Transition: The Case of France's National Debate
Authors: Mauger Romain
Published: June 2019

In an energy transitions era, the citizens tend to be increasingly considered as actors of the energy system. This situation reinforces in turn the importance of public participation processes into energy policy or legislation design. In 2012-2013, a significant public participation process in the field of energy policy was organised in France, named National Debate on the Energy Transition. From the beginning, it was proclaimed that its results would be integrated into a flagship energy transition act, which did happen with the adoption of the Energy Transition for Green Growth Act of 2015. This paper provides an overview of the organisation of this public debate and of the integration of its outcome into the Energy Transition Act. The experience of France can serve for other countries engaged in a process of transition towards a more sustainable society and especially towards a massive change of their energy mix. It addresses the successes as well as the failures of the French case and provides some key learning points to enhance the public participation into the Law-making process concerning the energy transition.
Sexual Harassment: Why do Victims so often Resign? E v Ikwezi Municipality 2016 37 ILJ 1799 (ECG)
Authors: Calitz Karin
Published: June 2019

This article endeavours to find answers to the question of why the victims of sexual harassment often resign after the harassment, while the perpetrator continues working, and suggests how some of the human cost to victims of sexual harassment can be prevented. E v Ikwezi Municipality provides a classic example of how the failure of the employer to protect the victim exacerbated her suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), eventually leaving her with no option but to resign. Had the employer conducted a risk analysis, it could have prevented the sexual harassment by alerting employees to the content of the Code of Good Practice on the Handling of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace. Further, had the employer been aware that it was responsible for the victim's psychological safety also after the disciplinary hearing, it could have taken measures to ensure her safety. The unsatisfactory sanction (the harasser was not dismissed) could lastly have been referred to the Labour Court for review. Unfortunately, the wrong legal advice and an incompetent chairperson led to the municipality’s failing adequately to protect the victim. This caused (and aggravated) the symptoms of PTSD, which forced the victim to resign.
Re-Categorising Public Procurement in South Africa: Construction Works as a Special Case
Authors: Anthony Allison Megan
Published: June 2019

Public procurement is generally known to be the acquisition of goods and services by the government from the private sector. Construction works are considered to constitute services and as such are not specifically referred to in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Re-categorising public procurement may hold many advantages for the regulation of construction procurement law as a unique form of public procurement in South Africa. The definition of construction works is thus important when establishing what is procured in construction procurement. This definition in turn may indicate that the procurement of construction works is indeed a unique form of procurement and should accordingly be re-categorised in South African public procurement law.
The Value of the Persistent Objector Doctrine in International Human Rights Law
Authors: Rudman Annika
Published: June 2019

This article critically analyses the use of the persistent objector doctrine in unilaterally challenging the validity of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGI) rights and the related state obligations. The persistent objector doctrine gives effect to state sovereignty and provides a mechanism through which states can object to a customary norm preventing the objecting state from incurring any legal obligations once the norm has emerged. The aim of this article is to reflect on whether the persistent objector doctrine could legitimately be used to negate state obligations that would naturally follow from the crystallisation of customary norms in the area of SOGI rights. In this sense the article is both concerned with analysing (not concluding on) current state practice in terms of understanding if and how the persistent objector doctrine is applied, and with gazing forward in terms of analysing whether, if customary law emerges to protect SOGI rights, the persistent objector doctrine could in fact be applied to limit or comprehensively shield states from SOGI-related obligations. This analysis takes place within the framework of the UNHRC Resolution 32/2, which creates an Independent Expert on Protection against Violence and Discrimination based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, and of the responses of the seven African states that provided statements before the UNHRC in the process leading up to this resolution.
Judicial Mandate in Safeguarding Environmental Rights from the Adverse Effects of Mining Activities in Zambia
Authors: Mulenga Chipasha
Published: June 2019

The protection of the environment from the effects of mining activities, though cardinal, has been a daunting task in Zambia. A polluted environment affects the rights of those who depend on a clean one for their survival. In remedying the pollution caused by mining activities, numerous legislative and policy frameworks have been put in place and institutions responsible for ensuring compliance operationalised. Notwithstanding such interventions, the problem of pollution emanating from mining activities has persisted. This has led individuals and spirited non-governmental organisations to bring legal actions firstly against erring mining companies for their failure to comply with environmental regulations, and secondly against the government for its failure to ensure compliance by the mining companies. The courts before whom such matters have been brought have seemingly prioritised the supposed development brought by investment in the mining sector over the environmental rights of those whose livelihood is anchored in a clean environment. The article underscores the mandate of the courts in safeguarding the environmental rights of persons whose survival is dependent on a clean environment. In doing so the article critically examines the cases which have come before the courts and how these cases have been dealt with in relation to the protection of the environment and ultimately an individual's environmental rights.
The Constitutional Protection Afforded to Child Victims and Child Witnesses while Testifying in Criminal Proceedings in South Africa
Authors: Bekink Mildred
Published: June 2019

The protection of child victims and witnesses in the criminal justice system is of vital importance, as present-day research studies conducted on the victimisation of children in South Africa show that South African children in particular experience and witness exceptionally high levels of crime, and consequently represent a significant portion of the victims and witnesses that have to appear in court to testify about these crimes. This contribution consists of an in-depth discussion of the rights of the child victim and witness encompassed in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 in order to determine whether the current protection afforded to child victims and witnesses while testifying in criminal proceedings in South Africa is in line with South Africa's constitutional obligations. In this regard the general constitutional rights in the Bill of Rights relating to child victims and witnesses as well as the specific constitutional rights of child victims and witnesses in section 28 of the Constitution are discussed.
A Legal Perspective on Social Media Use and Employment: Lessons for South African Educators
Authors: Coetzee Susanna Abigael
Published: June 2019

Abstract

In this article, the author provides a legal perspective on the interplay between social media use and employment. The unique characteristics of social media are identified in order to frame the article before a number of considerations with regard to employment relationships that impact on deciding social media misconduct cases are deliberated upon. Thereafter, the author reflects on the implications of social media transgressions for educators' professions and contemplates the forms that social media misconduct by South African educators can take, with specific focus on defamation. Before the article reaches its conclusion, social media evidence and the impact of the unique characteristics of social media on users' legitimate expectations of privacy are also considered. The article concludes with a few guidelines on how educators can avoid the pitfalls that make social media use potentially hazardous to their employment.
Crude oil price movements and their impact on South Africa
Authors: Nkomo JC
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine crude oil price movements and their impact on South Africa. A useful starting point is understanding the factors that have played a prominent role in influencing oil pricing. For this reason, I begin by focusing on OPEC producing countries and the challenges these countries face with supply management. After considering domestic oil pricing and accounting for fluctuations in crude oil price movements, I examine the domestic impact of oil price changes on the South African economy.
Evaluating the impact of consumer behaviour on the performance of domestic solar water heating systems in South Africa
Authors: Ijumba Pamela , Sebitosi Adoniya Ben
Published: June 2019

South Africa experienced a rapid expansion in the electric power consumer base after 1994 that was not matched by corresponding investment in the country’s generation capacity. By the dawn of 2008, the situation had reached a critical point, with regular countrywide blackouts and load shedding and is expected to persist for several years, before the proposed new base stations can come online. Currently, 92% of the country’s electricity is generated in coal-based power stations and are responsible for the country’s heavy carbon footprint. Additionally this power must crisscross the country to distant load centres via an aging transmission infrastructure and in the process massive amounts of energy are lost particularly during peak power demand. Electricity consumption in South African households accounts for approximately 35% of peak demand, with water heating constituting 40% of that. The country has abundant sunshine and solar water heating technology and offers one of the most viable compiementary solutions to the country’s energy and environmental crises. Moreover the location of the systems at the consumer end means that the need to upgrade the transmission infrastructure can also be differed.Application of technology alone however, may not necessarily result in the required energy savings particularly in cases of uninformed consumer usage. In this paper the authors evaluate the impact of consumer behaviour on the performance of domestic solar water heaters in South Africa and suggest measures that could be taken to optimize this performance.
Comparison between two different solution-pumping methods in absorption refrigeration machines
Authors: Vicatos George , Krafft E.
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a pumping method in absorp-tion refrigeration where a vapour-driven pump is to replace the electricity-driven pump. The vapour pump is driven by a fraction of the generator’s hot, high-pressure, vapour mixture. The refrigerator is thus exclusively heat-powered and rendered inde-pendent of the availability of electricity as the main energy source. The design and operation of the vapour pump is presented. The results obtained by a computer simulation program show a decrease in performance (COP), which is confirmed by the data obtained from a 1 kW cooling capacity refrigerator. Peak performances occur at higher generator tem-peratures when compared to a cycle using an elec-tricity-driven pump
Study of the Longitudinal Edge Effect in Bilateral Linear Induction Machines with Liquetallic Rotor
Authors: Kizhaev Ivan V. , Timofeev Viktor N. , Khatsayuk Maxim Y.
Published: June 2019

This article analyzes the electromagnetic field of a flat linear induction machine with an analytical method of mathematical modeling. Graphs of the electromagnetic characteristics of the machines were obtained, taking into account the longitudinal edge effect at various values of slip and coefficients of quality factor. Also made a comparative assessment of the effect of the longitudinal edge effect on the performance of the machine
School K.P. Selezneva in CKTI
Authors: Lyapunov Vladimir M. , Kovalenko Anatoly N.
Published: June 2019

There is brief biography of К.P. Seleznev, a leading scientist and one of the founders of Russian Compressor Engineering School, initiator of Compressor and Pneumatics Association and "Compressors and Pneumatics" magazine. His main scientific achievements are outlined in the period of work at CKTI them. I.I. Polzunova in the memories of his colleagues
Yoga: Theory and Practice—A Course that Illustrates Why Yoga Belongs in the Academy
Authors: Klatt Maryanna , Webster Olivia
Published: June 2019

The course “Yoga: Theory and Practice” (YTP) evolved from the realization that although graduate and undergraduate academic yoga course offerings were filled beyond capacity with waitlists, students were often not being exposed to the depth and breadth of yoga as a holistic, integrative health practice. In the authors' experience, students experientially understood the contribution that yoga practice made in their lives and sensed the health benefits it afforded, yet they were hungry for the scientific evidence for using yoga to address various clinical conditions and to understand why yoga felt like a grounding practice. Students wanted scientific evidence for what they experientially knew to be true: Yoga helped them feel more grounded in their bodies. In 2004, when YTP was designed, college yoga courses were typically in departments of physical education, and little to no attention was given to the theoretical/philosophical roots behind why yoga is practiced. This is no longer the case. YTP is an elective within an academic minor of study, Integrative Approaches to Health and Wellness, and the course offers college students an indepth, academic study of yoga that incorporates both scientific (reductionist) and holistic health perspectives. The clinical/educational objective of this course is to expose university students (including those studying to become healthcare professionals) to the evidence-based integrative health benefits that yoga and yoga therapy have been shown to provide. Using the university's educational setting provides a venue to augment the future use of yoga in healthcare.
Algorithm of objective examination of a patient with blepharoptosis
Authors: Potyomkin Vitaly V. , Goltsman Elena V.
Published: June 2019

Meticulous objective examination of a patient with blepharoptosis allows determining the tactics of surgical treatment. It depends on many factors, but main ones are blepharoptosis etiology, upper eyelids levator function, and ptosis degree. The estimation algorithm of objective examination of a patient with blepharoptosis is presented in this article.
Acanthamoeba keratitis. Review of literature. Case reports
Authors: Skryabina Yelena V. , Astakhov Yuriy S. , Konenkova Yanina S. , Varganova Tatiana S. , Petukhov Vladimir P. , Nokhrina Kseniya V. , Dnestryanskaya Kaleriya O.
Published: June 2019

Acanthamoeba keratitis (АК) is a parasitic infectious condition caused by corneal invasion by free-living amoebae. In 86% of cases, AK affects contact lens wearers. Delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment of this disease leads to development of a severe form of keratouveitis and corneal perforation. Consequently, this group of diseases is one of the causes of visual disability in working-age population.
Differential diagnosis of optic neuropathy in patients with CNS diseases and normal tension glaucoma
Authors: Serova Natalia K.
Published: June 2019

The article presents specific ophthalmologic signs of a certain condition of the central nervous system with clinical picture resembling that of normal tension glaucoma, and their differential diagnosis based on those signs.
Experience in navigation system use in surgical treatment of the traumatic dacryocystitis recurrence (clinical case)
Authors: Karpishchenko Sergej A. , Beldovskaya Natalia Yu. , Aleksandrov Alexey N. , Bolozneva Elizaveta V. , Karpov Artemia A. , Moroziuk Ana
Published: June 2019

The article presents a clinical case of surgical of a recurrent chronic purulent dacryocystitisof traumatic etiology. Under endoscopic control, the patient underwent a revisional endonasal laser dacryocystorhinostomy with bicanalicular silicone stent. All surgical steps were controlled on the navigation system display. Navigation equipment was used to accurately visualize the structures of the nasal cavity and lacrimal pathways, because the anatomy of this area was changed as a result of the midface trauma and preliminary unsuccessful surgical procedures. During surgery, the functional and anatomical patency of the lacrimal pathways was achieved. Thus, the navigation system is a useful supplementary equipment that allows identifying the lacrimal sac in complex surgical situations, to monitor the state of lacrimal passages and surrounding nasal structures, which ultimately increases the effectiveness and safety of the procedure.
In memory of professor V.V. Volkov
Authors: Kulikov Alexey N. , Reytusov Vladimir А. , Sobolev Andrey F. , Kirillov Yuriy A.
Published: June 2019

The article is dedicated to the memory of Hero of Socialist Labor, the USSR State Prize Laureate, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Professor V.V. Volkov. The authors reviewed his life path, clinical, scientific, and educational activities.
Motivación para la migración a IPv6
Authors: Gutiérrez Rancruel Liliana , Vélez Varela Fernando
Published: June 2019

La evolución de Internet y de las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación despliega un enorme portafolio de posibilidades, actividades y nuevas formas de comunicarse, hacer negocios, trabajar, comprar y relacionarse con otras personas para que sean más los que se encuentren conectados, l una demanda abismal de direcciones IP. Actualmente el protocolo que se utiliza para dirigir y encaminar los paquetes en la red es IPv4, pero este protocolo ya no permite el crecimiento de la red, lo que hace necesario la migración a un estándar que proporcione los beneficios de IPv4, además de brindar un gran número de direcciones IP, soportar la movilidad, la seguridad, las aplicaciones en tiempo real, la extensibilidad, entre otras. El protocolo que está destinado a sustituir el estándar IPv4 es IPv6,pero esto no es un concepto absoluto. IPv6, también conocido como “IP Next Generation” o “IPng”, es un protocolo que revolucionará nuestra tecnología actual, fue planteado en los años setenta con el objetivo de interconectar redes. Fue diseñado por Steve Deering y Craig Mudge, Adoptado por Internet. A partir de este escrito se busca evidenciar la necesidad de establecer un punto de referencia para llegar a determinar todos los parámetros y factores ligados al advenimiento de lo que va a representar el protocolo IPv6 en las actuales sociedades del conocimiento.
Ethical Interaction in Cyberspace for Social Work Practice
Authors: Marson Stephen M. , Brackin Sara B.
Published: June 2019

The nature of ethics on the Internet may be confusing to some social workers because of the unique characteristics of client contacts in cyberspace. This article addresses three basic issues/questions that clarify the ethical relationships among clients, other professionals and the Internet. These include: a) What must I do to maintain professional ethical standards on the Internet? b) How do I deal with the unethical interaction of others within cyberspace? c) How do I examine and analyze ethical issues with no clear guidelines?
Asset Building: integrating Research, Education and Practice
Authors: Sherraden Michael , Sherraden Margaret
Published: June 2019

Asset building is an emerging concept in anti-poverty work in economically advanced nations. In the past, welfare states have defined poverty primarily in terms of income. While income is necessary to maintain consumption, saving and investment is also necessary if families and communities are to progress out of poverty over the long term. Asset building is a broad idea with many possible applications, including homeownership, microenterprise, and individual development accounts (IDAs). IDAs are matched saving accounts for low-wealth families. In this paper, the authors 1) describe asset building as a policy and practice innovation; 2) discuss results from two research projects, one on IDAs and a second on microenterprise; and 3) illustrate a strategy for education and advocacy. This work may serve as an example of simultaneous advances in research, education, and practice, wherein each aspect of the work is enriched by and contributes to the others. The strongest advances in social work proceed not by the separation of ideas, study, and application, but by their integration and mutual reinforcement.
Graduating BSW student attitudes towards vulnerable populations and their preferences towards interventions to serve them
Authors: Reutebuch Tim G.
Published: June 2019

A one-time cross-sectional survey was administered to 78 fourth-year social work students at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater campus during the2000 /2001 academic year to explore graduating seniors’ attitudes towards poverty, delinquency and the elderly as well as students’ preferred interventions towards these vulnerable populations in the United States. Additional survey items included student perceptions towards individually-oriented versus socially-oriented goals of the social work profession, preferences regarding place of employment, and types of services, interventions and practices preferred. After calculating mean scores, ANOVA tests revealed statistically significant findings in student ideologies and practice preferences. The potential impact of these findings on social work education and practice will be discussed.
Intrinsic spirituality among Alzheimer’s caretakers: A pathway to resiliency
Authors: Wilks Scott E.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the study was to understand the influence of intrinsic spirituality on perceived resiliency among Alzheimer’s caregivers. A cross-sectional research design was employed, surveying a sample of Alzheimer’s caregivers (N=304) who attended caregiver support groups in the southeastern United States. Questionnaire items empirically measured a number of constructs, including perceived burden; frequency of prayer; intrinsic spirituality; and perceived resiliency. Demographic characteristics of the sample were reported. Over three-fourths of the sample reported a high frequency of prayer, along with a moderately high level of intrinsic spirituality. Regression analyses evaluating the relationship between spirituality and resiliency, while controlling for demographic variables, indicated a strong association and positive, significant relationship between intrinsic spirituality and resiliency. Implications for social work practice and education are discussed.