bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recruiting Hispanic Foster Parents: Issues of Culture, Language, and Social Policy
Authors: Capello Doris Correa
Published: April 2013

Hispanics are one of the fastest growing ethnic/racial groups in the United States. The number of Hispanic children entering foster care is greater than the number of licensed families who share their language and cultural identity. This paper addresses issues of culture, language, and social policy which must be considered when recruiting Hispanic foster parents.
Who Resides behind the Words? Exploring and Understanding the Language Experience of the Non-English-Speaking Immigrant
Authors: Imberti Priska
Published: April 2013

Issues of cultural diversity, race, and ethnicity have been profusely addressed in contemporary social work literature. However, the dimension of language experience in the recent immigrant has received minimal attention, and social service workers often overlook the importance of the client's native language in practice. Challenges facing the treatment of immigrants include language barrier and the immigrant's worldview, factors that need to be identified to discover the person within the client. Using the author's own experience and accounts from other immigrants, this article explores the non-English-speaking new immigrant's language subjective experience and its unique implications for self-evaluations. Honest curiosity on the part of the worker is emphasized.
HIV/AIDS Education: What African Youth Say is Effective
Authors: Jacob W. James , Shaw Stacey A. , Morisky Donald E. , Hite Steven J. , Nsubuga Yusuf K.
Published: April 2013

This study on HIV/AIDS-education programs was conducted with the Uganda Ministry of Education and Sports in a national sample of 76 secondary schools in Uganda. Participants included secondary students (N = 883) who critiqued their formal and informal school curricula and offered youth perspectives regarding what teaching mediums and programs of HIV/AIDS prevention are most effective. Results indicated that HIV/AIDS education is not taught in their respective school curricula. Students report on informal ways that are helpful in learning about AIDS, recommend changes to their school's curriculum, and report that reactions from various groups in their lives to HIV/AIDS education in their school would be positive. This study provides students, parents of students, educators, social workers, and policymakers with insights on how to better develop, update, and improve HIV/AIDS programs.
Making Your Agency Outcome Informed: A Guide to Overcoming Human Resistance to Change
Authors: Yeager Joseph , Saggese Michael L.
Published: April 2013

Organizational change for mental health providers is becoming the rule rather than the exception as outside forces such as regulatory agencies and third-party payers exert increasing influence on the delivery of services. The pressure to adapt to shrinking budgets combined with demands for more effective services often puts many provider agencies on the defensive. In short, agencies must be able to demonstrate that they are, in fact, succeeding at cutting cost, increasing revenues, and improving effectiveness simultaneously. However, implementing organizational change is fraught with many challenges, not the least of which is the natural human resistance to change. This study provides a clear and simple process for identifying the most common reasons for the inevitable human resistance to change and suggests a strategy for overcoming that resistance to bring about successful organizational objectives.
Children in Foster Care with Challenging Behaviour in Wales (UK): Key Themes and Issues for Practice and Research
Authors: Pithouse Andrew , Lowe Kathy
Published: April 2013

Foster care in Wales (United Kingdom) engages frequently with children thought to present with challenging behaviour. It is essential we gain a deeper understanding of their behaviour in order to inform our thinking about how we provide support to children and carers. The paper presents key findings from research into a total population of fostered children in four neighbouring local authorities in South Wales who were considered to exhibit challenging behaviour. We examine children's characteristics and key processes in fostering and in doing so, we outline the very different behaviours and difficulties associated with these children as perceived by carers. We conclude with some reflection on the term challenging behaviour and its sufficiency to account for difficulties in foster placements.
“What about the Gray Area?”: College Women's Reflections on the Sex Talk and Abstinence
Authors: Hertzog Jodie L.
Published: April 2013

This study explores the dominant message of abstinence young women received during the parental sex talk. The data emerged from a larger study investigating the sexual norms of college women associated with female social organizations (sororities and cooperative housing). Guided by script theory and postmodern feminism, data collection used a mixed-method qualitative design resulting in three focus groups and 23 in-depth interviews. Miller and Crabtrees (1999) template and immersion/crystallization (I/C) styles were used for analysis. Results reflect participants' understandings of the meaning of abstinence and the ways these understandings are integrated into their interpersonal sexual scripts through decisions about “drawing the line” around noncoital sexual activity. Based on the findings, implications for clinicians, parents, educators, and policymakers are discussed.
Entry into Restrictive Care Settings: Placements of Last Resort?
Authors: James Sigrid , Landsverk John , Leslie Laurel K. , Slymen Donald J. , Zhang Jinjin
Published: April 2013

This study examines the relative risk of first entry into restrictive care settings (RCSs) such as group homes, residential treatment, or inpatient psychiatric care for a cohort of children (N = 570) in out-of-home care, and determines reasons and determinants related to the risk of entering such settings. Findings indicate the cumulative hazard of entering restrictive settings is highest during the first 2 to 3 months following entry into care. Behavior-related placement disruptions, behavior problems, and older age are the primary determinants of this finding. Although the majority of children entered an RCS for behavior-related reasons, close to one third entered an RCS because of reasons unrelated to behavior. Implications for service delivery to children in out-of-home care are discussed.
“You Gotta Start Thinking like a Parent”: Hopes, Dreams, and Concerns of Ethnic Minority Adolescent Parents
Authors: Dornig Katrina , Koniak-Griffin Deborah , Lesser Janna , González-Figueroa Evelyn , Luna Margarita Castaneda , Anderson Nancy Lois Ruth , Corea-London Blanca
Published: April 2013

This study explored the lived experience of parenting that may inform individual health practices and behavior of young, ethnic minority primarily Latino parents, participants in a HIV prevention intervention. Narrative accounts from parents (N = 90) were analyzed to illuminate the impact of parental protectiveness and aspirations for the child. Focus groups ( n = 23) were utilized to generate a nuanced understanding of young parenthood. Self-reflective, complex, and multidimensional perspectives on parental protectiveness emerged along themes: (a) “growing up thoughtful,” (b) “you gotta start thinking like a parent,” (c) “togetherness and bonding,” (d) “better life,” (e) “the neighborhood,” and (f) “expectations and pressure.” Implications are discussed with a focus on integrating the concept of parental protectiveness into a strengths-based perspective.
Rural Hassles and Coping Strategies among Pregnant and Parenting African American Women
Authors: Baffour Tiffany D. , Gourdine Ruby M. , Domingo Carlo , Boone Katrina
Published: April 2013

Maternal stress has been identified as a significant factor in increased risk for prematurity and low birth weight among African American women in general. Further, there exists very little literature on stressors experienced by poor rural women or the strengths inherent in these individuals, their families, and communities. Therefore, this qualitative study sought to (a) examine stressors for African American women who are pregnant and parenting young children, (b) ascertain strengths identified by participants, and (c) discuss formal and informal resources present in rural communities. Implications for enhancing social networks and reducing barriers to service delivery for rural communities are discussed.
Common Themes of Resilience among Latino Immigrant Families: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Cardoso Jodi Berger , Thompson Sanna J.
Published: April 2013

Although there is a plethora of research on resiliency, there are few studies that examine this concept in Latino immigrant families in the United States. Using key terms such as immigrant, Hispanic, Latino, and resiliency, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify characteristics of resilience and understand how these factors uniquely protect Latino immigrant families against stressors related to the migration and assimilation processes. Research on resilience among Latino immigrant families indicates 4 major domains: individual characteristics, family strengths, cultural factors, and community supports. A deeper understanding of how these risk and protective factors contribute to resilience with Latino immigrant families will increase the cultural competence of policy, practice, and research with this population. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Using Live Supervision in Field Education: Preparing Social Work Students for Clinical Practice
Authors: Saltzburg Susan , Greene Gilbert J. , Drew Hilary
Published: April 2013

This article presents a qualitative study exploring respondents’ perceptions of live supervision as the primary field instruction method for MSW students participating in an internship that emphasized family therapy. Participants were specifically asked in what ways live supervision supported and facilitated learning clinical practice. Identifying live supervision as important for bridging the pedagogical gap between teaching theory and practice learning stood out as an important metatheme of the study, not previously discussed in the literature. Important emergent categories included learning-in-action pedagogy, feedback loop for integrative learning, the safety net in parallel observation, transparency in the supervision process, and building capacity for entering the workforce. Incorporating the principles of adult learning theory, live supervision offers an important contribution to social work field education.
Immigration and Human Services: The Perils of Professionalization
Authors: Martinez-Brawley Emilia E. , Zorita Paz M-B
Published: April 2013

This article addresses two major impediments in delivering social services to immigrant populations. First, the lack of appropriate content related to immigration work in the curriculum of the graduate schools of social work; and secondly, the normative distance between professional providers and recipients of service. We discuss the intrinsic contradictions embodied in those impediments. While the focus of the article is on immigrants in the southwestern United States, the implications are broader. The article is a call for a re-examination of professional standards, norms, and practices in direct work with immigrants.
Postville: The Effects of an Immigration Raid
Authors: Juby Cindy , Kaplan Laura E.
Published: April 2013

Many unauthorized immigrants regularly enter the United States in search of employment. A substantial number of these individuals come from impoverished countries and look to the United States as a path toward prosperity. Unfortunately, many unauthorized immigrant workers suffer exploitation from their employers and are at risk of becoming victims of worksite raids. This exploratory study examines the effects of a raid of an unauthorized immigrant worksite in Postville, Iowa. Interviews with key informants provide an inside perspective of the effects of the raid on children, adults, and the community. Participants offered suggestions on how to improve current policies that may violate immigrants' human rights. The results advance the knowledge base for social work in provision of services and advocacy for immigrant populations.
Thinking Practice: The Social Work Integral Model
Authors: Garner Michelle D.
Published: April 2013

Social workers are bound by the mission, values, and ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Yet a broad, transtheoretical model accounting for these core principles and guiding identification of clinically and ethically sound daily praxis decisions is lacking in the field's literature and practice wisdom. Such a model could aid in assuring dependably sound social worker actions; socialization of colleagues; clearer guidelines for teaching, supervision, and ethical review of peers; and accreditation of educational programs. The Social Work Integral Model (SWIM) emerged from field practice and scholarship for instructional use and addresses this conceptual gap. Further, congruence of the SWIM with Ken Wilber's model of Integral Science suggests SWIM is a theoretical, as well as a practical, advance for the field.
Diagnosing, Diagnoses, and the DSM in Clinical Social Work
Authors: Probst Barbara
Published: April 2013

Previous research has addressed how social workers use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). These studies have treated psychiatric diagnosis as a single entity, assuming that attitude and use of the taxonomy are uniform across diagnostic categories. However, the 30 clinical social workers who took part in this qualitative study reported that salience and utility of DSM diagnoses vary according to type and severity of the disorder, playing a greater role for more severe conditions and affecting both treatment and the therapeutic relationship. They distinguished between thinking diagnostically and using the DSM, and considered symptoms a more useful analytic focus than psychiatric categories. Findings cover 7 thematic areas, with implications for social work practice, policy, and research.
Psychodynamic Approaches from Transcultural Perspectives in Working with Korean American Women
Authors: Choi Kyung-Mee , Kim Caleb
Published: April 2013

This article examines the applicability of psychodynamic theories such as self-psychology and object relations theory from transcultural perspectives in working with a Korean American woman from a case analysis. This article addresses the intergenerational and intercultural conflict that this Korean American woman experienced with her children and the psychological pain that had accumulated from her relationship with her husband, influenced by Korean Confucian culture. It demonstrates the effectiveness of psychodynamic approaches for Korean immigrant families based on Korean cultural values as well as the conflict between Western and Asian cultural values that practitioners need to consider in working with diverse ethnic populations.
Service Provider Views of Oxycontin Use on an Indian Reservation: Traumatic Effects on the Tribal Community
Authors: Momper Sandra L. , Dennis Mary Kate , Mueller-Williams Amelia C.
Published: April 2013

This qualitative research study on a Great Lakes Indian reservation used semistructured interviews of American Indian (n = 8) and non-American Indian (n = 2) providers of behavioral and physical health services to elicit views of Oxycontin use. We gathered data on existing substance abuse services including accessibility, cultural appropriateness, service strengths and weaknesses, barriers to treatment, and treatment needs. Results indicated a high prevalence of the use of Oxycontin, with traumatic effects on families and the tribal community such that the providers were overburdened with their dual role as service providers and caretakers in their own community. Implications for social work practice are discussed.
Writing for a Journal: Blood, Sweat, and Tears
Authors: Cray Mel
Published: April 2013

This section allows readers to “meet” authors and to learn about the personal inspirations and influences that compel people to write for publication. We invite all readers to share their own literary experiences. In this issue, we hear from author Mel Gray.

– Howard Goldstein, Editor
The Home Visit, Revisited
Authors: Beder Joan
Published: April 2013

Reactive to changes in health care and the economy, the delivery of social work services has been expanded to include the home visit as an alternative to meeting with clients in the agency or hospital. The home visit has been a vital tool in the articulation of social work services throughout the history of the profession. This article will briefly trace the history of the beginning of home visitation and will discuss some of the techniques, difficulties, and benefits of this time-honored professional task. In short, this article will “revisit” the home visit.
Developing the Spousal Relationship within Stepfamilies
Authors: Kheshgi-Genovese Zareena , Genovese Thomas A.
Published: April 2013

The authors review the literature on the development of the marital dyad during the stepfamily transition. Conflicting loyalties in the marital dyad, stepparent expectations and roles, stepfamily cohesion, and boundary ambiguity are examined. Recommendations for reducing stress on the married couple are made.
Toward a Taxonomy of Batterers
Authors: Moore Kenneth J. , Greenfield Wilma L. , Wilson Mary , Kok Anne C.
Published: April 2013

This article illustrates, by way of vignettes, a segment of the battering population that does not benefit from the widely used psychoeducational power-and-control intervention. In light of a legislative trend to institutionalize this model, treatment programs for abusive partners that draw on research to establish guidelines and standards are needed. A taxonomy of batterers distinguished by primary social functioning problems as explicated in person-in-environment theory is also needed. The authors also present a taxonomy of abusive partners based on person-in-environment theory.
Services for Persons with Mental Illness in Jail: Implications for Family Involvement
Authors: Walsh Joseph , Bricout John
Published: April 2013

After committing relatively minor offenses many persons with serious mental illness are arrested and then detained because they lack adequate housing or other support resources. Deinstitutionalization of these individuals has led to an increase in such arrests and imprisonment, with negative consequences. In jail, the special needs of persons with mental illness are likely to go unserved with the consequent risk of symptom relapse and physical harm. The authors identify critical areas in which family members and professionals can advocate for change in treatment and community linkage of persons with mental illness in jail.
Family-Strengths-Based Intensive Child Case Management
Authors: Werrbach Gail B.
Published: April 2013

The author presents findings from a project undertaken to explore the implementation of a rural state's family-strengths-based intensive child case management program for families with children with severe emotional and behavioral disabilities. Interviews with 20 child case management staff were conducted for the purpose of examining the extent to which child case managers' perceptions regarding work roles and activities reflected the new family-strengths-based philosophy of children's mental health service delivery. Thematic and content analysis of staff interviews revealed differences in staff perceptions regarding the role of the case manager and a hypothetical case example. The author discusses social work practice implications for the provision of intensive child case management programs and provides recommendations for areas of further inquiry.
Constructivism and the Environment: A Cognitive–Integrative Perspective for Social Work Practice
Authors: Berlin Sharon B.
Published: April 2013

The cognitive–integrative (C–I) perspective approach to clinical social work practice is based on the notion that individuals adapt by searching for and constructing meanings that will enhance their sense of security and continuity and serve their goals. The meanings that people construct are a function of their experienced-based cognitive systems for understanding and the nature of the information available to them. These two dimensions provide the foci for social work interventions. To help clients develop more adaptive meanings, social workers can assist in generating more favorable informational cues and/or in developing more flexible systems for understanding. While the C–I perspective adheres to a constructivist position, it also acknowledges the influence of meanings that are socially constructed or that inhere in the physical environment on personal renditions of meaning.
Family-Centered Practice with Racially/Ethnically Mixed Families
Authors: Oriti Bruno , Bibb Amy , Mahboubi Jayne
Published: April 2013

In the past 25 years, “mixed” relationships across racial/ethnic lines have become increasingly prevalent. Accordingly, family practice must address the many forms of oppression that affect multiracial/ethnic families. Multiculturalism demands an ethical perspective that values and strives to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse society. The authors offer perspectives and guidelines that reflect current thinking on mixed-race/ethnic families and the role the practitioner can play in helping these families manage the complexity of their life experiences.
Nutrient Availability Assessment Method in Semiarid Ecosystems in the Central Rocky Mountains, Utah
Authors: Kusbach Antonin , Van Miegroet Helga
Published: April 2013

We tested the performance of Plant Root Simulator (PRS) probes as a tool to determine plant nutrient availability across the semiarid environments of the central Rocky Mountains. We used PRS probes in a lab‐field comparison representing the climatic and physiographic complexity in a high‐elevation watershed in the Wasatch Range, northern Utah. We determined soil nutrient supply rates for 10 selected soils in the lab at two soil temperatures (5 and 25°C) and three moisture levels (10, 30, and 50% volumetric soil moisture content), and compared them to nutrient pools and field nutrient supply rates. Using two independent techniques, simple regressions and principal component analysis (PCA) ordination, we concluded that soil moisture content was the most important driver of nutrient supply, while incubation temperature had no influence, and nutrient pool sizes were generally poor predictors of nutrient supply rates. Lab supply rates correlated well with field PRS results. Therefore, lab PRS assays can serve as a reasonable substitute for the field use and can be beneficial for large‐scale comparison of nutrient supply rates among semiarid wildland ecosystems of the western United States.
Churg-Strauss syndrome: A case report
Authors: Dinic Miroslav , Kandolf-Sekulovic Lidija , Zolotarevski Lidija , Zecevic Rados
Published: April 2013

Introduction. Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is an allergic granulomatous
angiitis, a rare disease of small and medium arteries and veins, associated
with the presence of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
(p-ANCA). According to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), there are
four or more criteria out of six for the diagnosis: asthma, eosinophilia (>
10% in peripheral blood), paranasal sinusitis, pulmonary infiltrates,
histological evidence of vasculitis with extravascular eosinophils, and
mononeuritis multiplex or polyneuropathy. Case report. We reported a female
patient, aged 80 years, with asthma for many decades and repeatedly verified
eosinophilia in peripheral blood, in which CSS was suspected only after the
occurrence of skin changes in the form of vesicles, vesiculopustule, purpuric
macula, papule and petechiae. Further tests verified pulmonary infiltrates,
paranasal sinusitis, extravascular eosinophils on histopathologic sample of
skin tissue, and polyneuropathy. The treatment started with
methylprednisolone (60 mg/d, with decreasing doses), and continued with pulse
doses of cyclophosphamide (800 mg once monthly), also corticosteroid ointment
for skin lesions. Conclusion. Despite long-standing pulmonary symptoms and
laboratory findings of eosinophilia, the appearance of skin changes raised
suspicion of possible CSS. Skin changes resolved and the patient was reffered
to rheumatologist.
Improvement in β-Cell Secretory Capacity After Human Islet Transplantation According to the CIT07 Protocol
Authors: Rickels Michael R. , Liu Chengyang , Shlansky-Goldberg Richard D. , Soleimanpour Scott A. , Vivek Kumar , Kamoun Malek , Min Zaw , Markmann Eileen , Palangian Maral , Dalton-Bakes Cornelia , Fuller Carissa , Chiou Allen J. , Barker Clyde F. , Luning Prak Eline T. , Naji Ali
Published: April 2013

The Clinical Islet Transplantation 07 (CIT07) protocol uses antithymocyte globulin and etanercept induction, islet culture, heparinization, and intensive insulin therapy with the same low-dose tacrolimus and sirolimus maintenance immunosuppression as in the Edmonton protocol. To determine whether CIT07 improves engrafted islet β-cell mass, our center measured β-cell secretory capacity from glucose-potentiated arginine tests at days 75 and 365 after transplantation and compared those results with the results previously achieved by our group using the Edmonton protocol and normal subjects. All subjects were insulin free, with CIT07 subjects receiving fewer islet equivalents from a median of one donor compared with two donors for Edmonton protocol subjects. The acute insulin response to glucose-potentiated arginine (AIRpot) was greater in the CIT07 protocol than in the Edmonton protocol and was less in both cohorts than in normal subjects, with similar findings for C-peptide. The CIT07 subjects who completed reassessment at day 365 exhibited increasing AIRpot by trend relative to that of day 75. These data indicate that engrafted islet β-cell mass is markedly improved with the CIT07 protocol, especially given more frequent use of single islet donors. Although several peritransplant differences may have each contributed to this improvement, the lack of deterioration in β-cell secretory capacity over time in the CIT07 protocol suggests that low-dose tacrolimus and sirolimus are not toxic to islets.
Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 Antagonism Improves Glucagon Counterregulation in Biobreeding Diabetic Rats
Authors: Karimian Negar , Qin Tairan , Liang Tao , Osundiji Mayowa , Huang Yachi , Teich Trevor , Riddell Michael C. , Cattral Mark S. , Coy David H. , Vranic Mladen , Gaisano Herbert Y.
Published: April 2013

Impaired counterregulation during hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is partly attributable to inadequate glucagon secretion. Intra-islet somatostatin (SST) suppression of hypoglycemia-stimulated α-cell glucagon release plays an important role. We hypothesized that hypoglycemia can be prevented in autoimmune T1D by SST receptor type 2 (SSTR2) antagonism of α-cells, which relieve SSTR2 inhibition, thereby increasing glucagon secretion. Diabetic biobreeding diabetes-prone (BBDP) rats mimic insulin-dependent human autoimmune T1D, whereas nondiabetic BBDP rats mimic prediabetes. Diabetic and nondiabetic rats underwent a 3-h infusion of vehicle compared with SSTR2 antagonist (SSTR2a) during insulin-induced hypoglycemia clamped at 3 ± 0.5 mmol/L. Diabetic rats treated with SSTR2a needed little or no glucose infusion compared with untreated rats. We attribute this effect to SSTR2a restoration of the attenuated glucagon response. Direct effects of SSTR2a on α-cells was assessed by resecting the pancreas, which was cut into fine slices and subjected to perifusion to monitor glucagon release. SSTR2a treatment enhanced low-glucose–stimulated glucagon and corticosterone secretion to normal levels in diabetic rats. SSTR2a had similar effects in vivo in nondiabetic rats and promoted glucagon secretion from nondiabetic rat and human pancreas slices. We conclude that SST contributes to impaired glucagon responsiveness to hypoglycemia in autoimmune T1D. SSTR2a treatment can fully restore hypoglycemia-stimulated glucagon release sufficient to attain normoglycemia in both diabetic and prediabetic stages.
Association Between Changes in Electromyographic Signal Amplitude and Abdominal Muscle Thickness in Individuals With and Without Lumbopelvic Pain
Authors: Whittaker Jackie L. , McLean Linda , Hodder Joanne , Warner Martin B. , Stokes Maria J.
Published: April 2013

Study Design

Validation study.

Objectives

To investigate the association between changes in electromyographic (EMG) signal amplitude and sonographic measures of muscle thickness of 4 abdominal muscles, during 2 clinical tests, in adults with and without lumbopelvic pain.

Background

There is a trend in rehabilitation to use ultrasound imaging (USI) to determine the extent of abdominal muscle contraction. However, the literature investigating the relationship between abdominal muscle thickness change and level of activation is inconclusive and has not included clinically relevant tasks.

Methods

Simultaneous recording from fine-wire EMG and USI was performed for 4 abdominal muscles, in 7 adults with lumbopelvic pain (mean ± SD age, 29.7 ± 12.0 years) and 7 adults without lumbopelvic pain (32.0 ± 10.6 years), during an active straight leg raise (ASLR) test and an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM). Cross-correlation functions and linear regression analyses were used to describe the relationship between the 2 measures. Analyses of variance were used to compare individuals with and without lumbopelvic pain, with an alpha set at .05.

Results

Across all muscles, peak cross-correlation values were low (ASLR, r = 0.28 ± 0.09; ADIM, r = 0.35 ± 0.11), and there was large variability in associated time lags (ASLR, τ = 0.69 ± 2.56 seconds; ADIM, τ = 0.53 ± 3.75 seconds). Regression analyses did not detect a systematic pattern of association between EMG signal amplitude and USI measurements, and analyses of variance revealed no differences between cohorts.

Conclusion

These results suggest a weak relationship between EMG amplitude and abdominal muscle thickness change measured with USI during the ADIM and ASLR, and raise questions about thickness change derived from USI as a measure of muscular activity for the abdominal musculature. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(7):466–477. Epub 30 April 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4440
La phonologie diachronique générative : du formalisme initial à la réappropriation de la tradition
Authors: Verleyen Stijn
Published: April 2013

RÉSUMÉ: Cet article traite du modèle de phonologie diachronique, développé au sein de la grammaire générative au cours des années '60 et '70 du 20e s. (cf. Halle 1962, Kiparsky 1965, King 1969), et de l’évolution qu’a connue ce modèle après la publication du Sound Pattern of English (Chomsky -Halle 1968; désormais SPE).

Nous essayerons de montrer que le modèle 'formaliste’ initial, greffé entièrement sur la théorie synchronique proposée dans SPE,

évolue vers une conception plus 'réaliste’ du changement linguistique dans des publications ultérieures, et qu’on peut discerner une revalorisation des notions et de concepts explicatifs plus traditionnels en linguistique diachronique, reformulés dans le cadre formel propre à la grammaire générative. Nous esquissons d’abord les caractéristiques essentielles du modèle phonologique esquissé dans SPE [ 1.], et son application à la diachronie [ 2.], pour passer en revue ensuite l’essentiel des développements qui témoignent d’un retrait vers une position plus nuancée, réservant une place plus importante aux facteurs fonctionnels et aux facteurs liés à la substance phonique [ 3.].
Le statut du lexique dans la Grammaire de Laurent Chiflet et dans la Méthode de Claude Irson : 1656-1660
Authors: Delesalle Simone
Published: April 2013

L’Essai de grammaire de Laurent Chiflet et la Méthode de Claude Irson, qui paraissent dans les mêmes années, au milieu du 17e s., traitent le domaine du lexique de manières très différentes. Chiflet (1598-1658), jésuite, s’inscrit dans la lignée des Remarqueurs, entre Vaugelas et Bouhours et fait des analyses fines de synonymes. Irson, qui est lié au groupe Janséniste, développe davantage l’étude du domaine lexical. La Méthode comprend deux listes commentées, formant dictionnaire : l’une traite les mots par rapport à l’usage, et la seconde, la plus importante, se préoccupe de l’origine des mots et de la formation du vocabulaire français, ce qui annonce la première édition du

Dictionnaire de l’Académie.
Nomenclatura de dicionário e redução da hiperlíngua brasileira
Authors: Horta Nunes José
Published: April 2013

Cet article étudie la nomenclature du dictionnaire comme un mécanisme de réduction de l’hyperlangue. La nomenclature est abordée sous un double point de vue : de la langue et du discours. Nous abordons trois moments de la constitution des dictionnaires au Brésil : à la fin du 19e s., les dictionnaires de brésiliennismes ; dans les années 1930-40, les premiers dictionnaires généraux brésiliens ; et dans les années 1960-70, les grands dictionnaires qui se stabilisent et se substituent aux dictionnaires portugais. Chacun de ces moments est marqué par des gestes de réduction de l'hyperlangue. D'abord, on relève un discours soucieux de l'histoire, la filiation aux langues indiennes et africaines, la définition de noms d'animaux, de plantes et de coutumes issus des formateurs de la nation. Ensuite a lieu une rupture par rapport au discours de l'histoire et une réduction de la langue à une nomenclature fondamentale adaptée à la réalité brésilienne. Finalement, les grands dictionnaires se constituent par accroissement à partir de cette nomenclature fondamentale : la perspective historique revient sous d'autres formes, soit en reprenant les auteurs classiques, soit en travaillant les conceptions de la «diachronie» et de la «langue vivante», qui présupposent d’avoir atteint un nouvel état de la langue.
L'abandon de l'ordonnement extrinsèque des règles en phonologie générative : enjeux synchroniques et diachroniques
Authors: Verleyen Stijn
Published: April 2013

This article examines an important episode in the history of generative phonology, namely the abandonment of extrinsic ordering. Soon after the publication of The Sound Pattern of English (1968), several authors question one of the central tenets of the "standard" model, according to which phonological rules are strictly ordered, and this order is language-specific. First, we examine the immediate historical antecedents of generative phonology. We then propose a critical analysis of the argumentation that led to the abandonment of the hypothesis of extrinsic ordering. Finally, we study the more fundamental issues behind this debate, which concerns perennial problems in the history of phonology (and of linguistics in general). We also particularly insist on the diachronic side of the arguments of the linguists involved.
Disjunction and conjunction in Euclid's elements
Authors: Acerbi Fabio
Published: April 2013

Nous présentons un aperçu des différentes façons dont les connecteurs disjonctifs et conjonctifs sont utilisés dans les

Éléments. La présence d’ētoi prépositif dans les disjonctions exclusives permet de situer l’emploi de ce connecteur dans la droite ligne des prescriptions stoïciennes. La conjonction, en revanche, est formulée d’une manière assez variée, permettant d’éviter toutes sortes d’ambiguïtés. Nous abordons aussi le problème qui consiste à évaluer dans quelle mesure les doctrines stoïciennes peuvent avoir été influencées par la systématisation linguistique démontrée par le style mathématique canonique.
La creazione della terminologia grammaticale relativa ai numerali : presupposti e modalità
Authors: Dragotto F.
Published: April 2013

Late Latin grammatical treatises are a very valuable source for tracing back the origins of the terminology related to numerals. The writings of Priscian, a grammarian who lived at the end of the 5th century, is particularly useful for this purpose. In his works, in fact, one finds the very first occurrence of Latin numerale and the first attestation of the numeral meaning of Latin cardinalis and ordinalis.
L’accès aux langues pérégrines dans le Mithridate de Conrad Gessner (1555)
Authors: Colombat Bernard
Published: April 2013

Cet article est consacré à l’étude de l’accès aux langues sinon «rares » , du moins difficiles d’accès dans le Mithridate (1555) de Conrad Gessner, ouvrage dont nous publions, Manfred Peters (Namur) et moi même, une traduction annotée et indexée (Genève, Droz, 2009). Il évoque les conditions de l’accès aux données, par une étude des sources et des échantillons. L’article s’attache tout particulièrement à l’origine des Notre père dont Gessner propose 27 échantillons, notamment en islandais, hongrois et éthiopien. Ensuite, remontant dans le temps, il analyse l’exploration des langues du passé proposée par Gessner, avec, notamment, les premiers témoignages de l’allemand, le gaulois, les langues «sacrées » (hébreu, latin, grec) et l’égyptien, analysé plus en détails. Enfin l’exploration se fait dans l’espace, du nord au sud, et de l’est à l’ouest. L’article s’attache notamment à la langue «indienne » , un concept difficile à définir, et aux langues du Nouveau Monde. En définitive, on tâche de savoir comment Gessner a sélectionné ses informations dans l’immense matériau qu’il a exploré pour ses autres ouvrages encyclopédiques. On espère pouvoir donner ainsi une idée plus claire de l’objectif du grand humaniste zurichois.
Nommer/penser sa langue et celle des autres : le cas des grammairiens du sanskrit et des prakrits
Authors: Aussant Émilie
Published: April 2013

L’objet de cet article est de décrire et d’expliquer la manière dont les grammairiens de l’Inde ancienne (du 4e s. avant notre ère jusqu’au 12e s.) nommaient les entités linguistiques. L’étude montre comment ces derniers semblent n’avoir jamais pris en compte l’altérité linguistique externe, pourtant avérée dès le 3e s. avant notre ère. L’altérité linguistique interne, en revanche, n’a pas été ignorée. Mais elle semble – pour la période concernée, tout au moins – avoir toujours été appréhendée sur le même mode, celui du continuum linguistique.
Cultural Relationships beyond the Iranian Plateau: The Helmand Civilization, Baluchistan and the Indus Valley in the 3rd Millennium BCE
Authors: Cortesi Elisa , Tosi Maurizio , Lazzari Alessandra , Vidale Massimo
Published: April 2013

This paper presents a systematic review of the archaeological evidence for cultural interaction between the Helmand and the Indus during the 3rd millennium BCE. A series of artefacts found at Shahr-i Sokhta and nearby sites (Iranian Seistan) that were presumably imported from Baluchistan and the Indus domain are discussed, together with finds from the French excavations at Mundigak (Kandahar, Afghanistan) that might have the same origin. Other artefacts and the involved technologies bear witness to the local adaptation of south-eastern manufactures and practices in the protohistoric Sistan culture. While the objects datable to the first centuries of the 3rd millennium BCE fall in the so called “domestic universe” and reflect common household activities, in the centuries that follow we see a shift to the sharing of luxury objects and activities concerning the display of a superior social status ; but this might be fruit of a general transformation of the archaeological record of Shahr-i Sokhta and its formation processes.
Microsatellite primers identified by 454 sequencing in the floodplain tree species Eucalyptus victrix (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Nevill Paul G. , Bradbury Donna , Jørgensen Tina , Krauss Siegfried , Samaraweera Sunil , Gardner Michael G.
Published: April 2013

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for Eucalyptus victrix (Myrtaceae) to evaluate the population and spatial genetic structure of this widespread northwestern Australian riparian tree species, which may be impacted by hydrological changes associated with mining activity.

• Methods and Results: 454 GS‐FLX shotgun sequencing was used to obtain 1895 sequences containing putative microsatellite motifs. Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified and screened for variation in individuals from two populations in the Pilbara region. Observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.44 to 0.91 (mean: 0.66) and the number of alleles per locus ranged from five to 25 (average: 11).

• Conclusions: These microsatellite loci will be useful in future studies of population and spatial genetic structure in E. victrix, and inform the development of seed sourcing strategies for the species.
French researchers publishing in English
Authors: Birch-Becaas Susan
Published: April 2013

Cette étude porte sur un corpus de premiers jets rédigés directement en anglais par des chercheurs francophones, et corrigés ensuite dans un service de révision par un correcteur angliciste. Une analyse des erreurs commises par les chercheurs et des corrections effectuées par l’angliciste vise à identifier les éléments qui font problème. La fréquence d’occurrence et la dispersion des erreurs est analysée et commentée.
L'intérêt de la modélisation comme aide à la rédaction en anglais pour les scientifiques français
Authors: Crosnier Elizabeth
Published: April 2013

La modélisation se définit comme l’opération qui consiste à construire le schéma d’un processus réel que l’on veut élucider. Dans notre cas, il s’agit de la communication scientifique écrite. Notre recherche porte sur une analyse contrastive d’extraits d’articles français et anglais. Nous exposons la méthodologie, à savoir le repérage d’indices, leur interprétation selon une approche fonctionnelle et notionnelle et enfin la constitution de modèles fondée sur le concept de récurrence. Nous montrons ensuite une première expérimentation qui tend à valider les résultats. L’observation de quelques-unes des difficultés rencontrées par les scientifiques de langue française nous conduit à envisager la modélisation comme aide à la rédaction scientifique tout en gardant à l’esprit ses limites. Nous posons enfin l’hypothèse que l’application à d’autres types de discours et d’autres disciplines est possible.
IL-6 Cooperates with G-CSF To Induce Protumor Function of Neutrophils in Bone Marrow by Enhancing STAT3 Activation
Authors: Yan Bin , Wei Jing-Jing , Yuan Ye , Sun Rui , Li Dong , Luo Jing , Liao Sheng-Jun , Zhou Yuan-Hong , Shu Yu , Wang Qi , Zhang Gui-Mei , Feng Zuo-Hua
Published: April 2013

Neutrophils are known to have antitumor potential. However, in recent years the tumor-promoting effect of neutrophils has been well demonstrated. So far, it remains unclear what causes the conversion of neutrophil function from tumor suppressive to tumor promoting. In this article, we report that the conversion of murine neutrophil function occurs in bone marrow, and that IL-6 cooperation with G-CSF is required for this conversion. IL-6 cooperated with G-CSF to modulate neutrophils in bone marrow, altering the activation potential of signaling pathways in neutrophils, especially that of STAT3. Costimulation with G-CSF and IL-6 induced a higher level of phospho-STAT3 in neutrophils, which was further increased by upregulation of STAT3 expression in neutrophils owing to downregulation of IFN-β expression in bone marrow macrophages by IL-6. Augmented STAT3 activation was crucial for upregulating the expression of Mmp9 and Bv8 genes and downregulating the expression of Trail and Rab27a genes in neutrophils. Moreover, G-CSF/IL-6–modulated neutrophils could not efficiently release azurophilic granules because of downregulation of Rab27a and inefficient activation of PI3K and p38 MAPK pathways. Because of premodulation by G-CSF and IL-6, neutrophils in response to complex stimuli in tumor released much less myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and TRAIL, but showed much higher expression of Mmp9 and Bv8 genes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that G-CSF and IL-6, despite their well-known physiological functions, could modulate the activation potential of signaling pathways in neutrophils, resulting in the production or release of the above-mentioned factors in a way that favors tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth.
Senile heart and diastolic cardiac insufficiency in the elderly
Authors: Biagi Paolo
Published: April 2013

Not available
Eosinophilic pneumonias. A clinical case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with sertraline and literature review
Authors: Serini Roberto , Dallari Rossano , Turrini Ercole , Debbi Alberto , Benatti Chiara , Grandi Marco
Published: April 2013

Background: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is one of the heterogeneous group of disorders termed eosinophilic lung diseases showing an abnormal accumulation of eosinophils in distal airways, air spaces, and the interstitial compartment of the lung. AEP is characterized by acute febrile respiratory failure, a typical radiographic pattern similar to that of acute pulmonary edema, eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), a dramatic response to corticosteroid therapy with no relapse when tapering or withdrawing treatment in the absence of infection. It can be idiopathic o secondary to known causes such as drugs, or fungal and parasitic infections. Clinical case: We report a case of a 76-year-old woman who developed symptoms, respiratory signs, and radiological and histological findings compatible with secondary AEP, we assessed as being associated with sertraline assumption (second case in literature). Discussion: The AEP we detected could be related to a secondary hypersensitivity syndrome to drug exposure (DRESS syndrome: Drug Rush with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) characterized by 1) skin rush, 2) increased eosinophilia, and 3) systemic involvement. The presence of all three criteria confirmed our diagnosis.
Hyperchylomicronemia: a neglected disease?
Authors: Vigna Giovanni B. , Fellin Renato
Published: April 2013

Not available
Paraneoplastic endocrine-metabolic syndromes
Authors: Grandi Marco , Sacchetti Carla , Pederzoli Stefano , Torri Cinzia , Sgarbi Ilaria , Partesotti Giovanni , Nicolini Massimiliano , Casarini Chiara , Romagnani Elena , Benatti Chiara , Vecchi Federica , Gollini Claudio , Manni Bruno , Sirotti Giacinto , Leone Maria Ernesta , Pasqualini Rita , Pedrazzi Antonio
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND The paraneoplastic syndromes (PS) are characterized by the presence of biochemical alterations, signs and symptoms expressive of cancer distance action into the patient’s organism. Sometimes these syndromes can precede the evidence of malignancy even of some years or can correspond to cancer relapse. PS, even being characterized by general symptoms (fever, anorexia, cachexia), may occur with neurological, rheumathological, osteoarticular, vascular, haematological, nephrological and endocrinological/metabolic symptoms; the latter ones are discussed in this article. AIM OF THE STUDY Here we will focus on the most common PS: paraneoplastic hypercalcemia, inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Our work can be useful in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of paraneoplastic syndromes.
Hospital-based emergency care: are we so different from America?
Authors: Haupt Enrico , Flego Gaddo , Gardellini Aldina , Nardi Roberto
Published: April 2013

Not available