bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Printing Hollow Tubes Using Digital Glass Forming
Authors: Capps Nicholas , Ford Kiva , Goldstein Jonathan , Kinzel Edward
Published: November 2022

This article investigates printing hollow tubes using the digital glass-forming process. A CO2 laser locally heats continuously fed glass tube feedstock so that it can be plastically deformed. This allows it to be bent and deposited onto a workpiece. The workpiece is positioned relative to the laser using precision four-axis computer numerical control stages. The loading on the laser-heated region is controlled by the stages as well as pneumatic pressure in the tube, which allows the printing complex shapes without the tube collapsing. The bending behavior of freestanding glass structures is examined, focusing on the geometric accuracy and temperature profile of the deformation zone as a function of the process parameters. The application of pneumatic pressure allows the control of the printed tube diameter. Several complex tube geometries deposited on the planar substrates as well as freestanding structures are demonstrated.
Experimental Study of Film Cooling With Favorable and Adverse Pressure Gradients
Authors: Volino Ralph J. , Gillcrist Matthew C.
Published: November 2022

Film cooling experiments were conducted on a flat wall subject to favorable and adverse pressure gradients with a constant acceleration parameter, K. The test wall included a single row of five round holes in line with the flow direction and inclined at 35 deg to the surface. The hole spacing was 3 diameters. The wall opposite the test wall was moveable and was set to angles with respect to the test wall that produced K values of −0.5 × 10−6, 0, 1 × 10−6, 2 × 10−6, 2.5 × 10−6, and 3 × 10−6. Blowing ratios of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 were tested at each acceleration. The test wall was equipped with constant flux surface heaters, and data were acquired for each flow condition with the wall both heated and unheated. An infrared camera was used to record wall temperature in a region spanning the three center holes and extending 20D downstream of the holes. From these measurements, local film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficients were determined. In the flow, velocity and temperature profiles were acquired using hot-wire anemometry and a traversing thermocouple probe. Particle image velocimetry was used to acquire velocity fields in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction and 10D downstream of the holes. The pressure gradient had a noticeable effect on the flow, with the favorable pressure gradient reducing liftoff and moving the film cooling jets closer to the wall and reducing turbulence levels in the boundary layer. The adverse pressure gradient had the opposite effect. Near the wall, however, the effects of the pressure gradient on the film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer were more subtle.
Comprehensive ion-molecule reactive collision model for processing plasmas
Authors: Denpoh Kazuki , Nanbu Kenichi
Published: November 2022

The ion-molecule collision model for endothermic reactions created by Denpoh and Nanbu, which is the so-called “Denpoh–Nanbu theory (DNT),” has been extended to exothermic reactions. In addition to short-range charge exchanges between ions and molecules, a long-range charge exchange has been incorporated into the extended theory named “DNT+” in this work. Although, even today, there still is a lack of ion-molecule collision data required as fundamental input to plasma simulations for processing plasmas, DNT+ can provide a comprehensive cross section data set of ion-molecule collisions, including elastic, both endothermic and exothermic reactions, and short- and long-range charge exchanges, as well as other inelastic collisions. The cross sections for Ar+-CF4 and H2+-H2 collisions obtained using DNT+ agree well with data from the literature. Therefore, DNT+ could be widely used, not only for plasma simulation but also as a tool to easily generate preliminary data prior to experiments, especially when ion-molecule cross sections are not available.
Shape-dependent gold nanoparticle interactions with a model cell membrane
Authors: Golbek Thaddeus W. , Harper Bryan J. , Harper Stacey L. , Baio Joe E.
Published: November 2022

Customizable gold nanoparticle platforms are motivating innovations in drug discovery with massive therapeutic potential due to their biocompatibility, stability, and imaging capabilities. Further development requires the understanding of how discrete differences in shape, charge, or surface chemistry affect the drug delivery process of the nanoparticle. The nanoparticle shape can have a significant impact on nanoparticle function as this can, for example, drastically change the surface area available for modifications, such as surface ligand density. In order to investigate the effects of nanoparticle shape on the structure of cell membranes, we directly probed nanoparticle–lipid interactions with an interface sensitive technique termed sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. Both gold nanostars and gold nanospheres with positively charged ligands were allowed to interact with a model cell membrane and changes in the membrane structure were directly observed by specific SFG vibrational modes related to molecular bonds within the lipids. The SFG results demonstrate that the +Au nanostars both penetrated and impacted the ordering of the lipids that made up the membrane, while very little structural changes to the model membrane were observed by SFG for the +Au nanospheres interacting with the model membrane. This suggests that the +Au nanostars, compared to the +Au nanospheres, are more disruptive to a cell membrane. Our findings indicate the importance of shape in nanomaterial design and provide strong evidence that shape does play a role in defining nanomaterial-biological interactions.
Test-bench for the experimental characterization of porous material used in thermoacoustic refrigerators
Authors: Poignand Gaelle , Olivier Come , Penelet Guillaume
Published: November 2022

The design of thermoacoustic coolers involves an adequate modeling of the thermoacoustic core's performance, which requires, in particular, a precise knowledge of their thermo-physical properties. Materials such as wire mesh stacks, foams, or compressed fibrous media are hard to describe, and their thermo-physical properties are rarely well enough quantified. Moreover, the classical linear thermoacoustic theory is not sufficient to accurately describe the performance of these materials. This paper deals with the experimental performance characterization of various materials for thermoacoustic heat pumping. A dedicated experimental test-bench has been specially developed, which is composed of two loudspeakers placed at opposite ends of a waveguide containing the porous material and a feedback loop to control the acoustic field in the porous material. Its originality is attributable to the possibility of identifying the optimal acoustic field, specific to each material, that maximizes the temperature difference at the ends of the material. Moreover, a specific protocol is implemented to access and compare the thermoacoustic heat flux through various materials at these optimal acoustic fields. Comparison of the experimental and theoretical results shows a reasonable agreement.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Islatravir in Individuals with Severe Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Matthews Randolph P. , Cao Youfang , Patel Munjal , Weissler Vanessa L. , Bhattacharyya Arinjita , De Lepeleire Inge , Last Stefanie , Rondon Juan C. , Vargo Ryan , Stoch S. Aubrey , Iwamoto Marian
Published: November 2022

Islatravir (MK-8591) is a high-potency reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor in development for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Data from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that ~30% to 60% of islatravir is excreted renally and that islatravir is not a substrate of renal transporters.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Two-Step Infection Screen Reveals Inhibitors of Early and Late Life Cycle Stages
Authors: Sake Svenja M. , Kosch Christina , Blockus Sebastian , Haid Sibylle , Gunesch Antonia P. , Zhang Xiaoyu , Friesland Martina , Trummer Sofie B. , Grethe Christina , Kühnel Anne , Rückert Jessica , Duprex W. Paul , Huang Jiabin , Rameix-Welti Marie-Anne , Empting Martin , Fischer Nicole , Hirsch Anna K. H. , Schulz Thomas F. , Pietschmann Thomas
Published: November 2022

Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infection is a leading cause of severe respiratory tract infections. Effective, directly acting antivirals against hRSV are not available.
Fine-Scale Structuring of Planktonic
Vibrio
spp. in the Chinese Marginal Seas
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Liu Jiwen , Zhao Wenbin , Liu Jinmei , Liang Jinchang , Thompson Fabiano , Zhang Xiao-Hua
Published: November 2022

Vibrio
spp. may exert large impacts on biogeochemical cycling in coastal habitats, and their ecological importance has drawn increasing attention. Here, we investigated the spatial distribution pattern and community assembly of
Vibrio
populations along the Chinese marginal seas, spanning a wide spatial scale.
Analysis of the HbpA Protein from Corynebacterium diphtheriae Clinical Isolates and Identification of a Putative Hemoglobin-Binding Site on HbpA
Authors: Lyman Lindsey R. , Schaeffer Justine , Ruppitsch Werner , Schmitt Michael P.
Published: November 2022

Hemoglobin (Hb) is the primary source of iron in humans, and the acquisition of hemin-iron from Hb is critical for many bacterial pathogens to infect and survive in the human host. In this study, we have examined the
C. diphtheriae
Hb-binding protein HbpA in two clinical isolates and show that these proteins, despite limited sequence similarity, are functionally equivalent to the previously described HbpA protein in strain 1737.
Origin and Dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subpopulations That Predictably Generate Drug Tolerance and Resistance
Authors: Sebastian Jees , Thomas Anooja , Levine Carly , Shrestha Riju , Levy Shawn , Safi Hassan , Pentakota Sri Ram , Kumar Pradeep , Alland David
Published: November 2022

Tuberculosis is unusual among bacterial diseases in that treatments which can rapidly resolve symptoms do not predictably lead to a durable cure unless treatment is continued for months after all clinical and microbiological signs of disease have been eradicated. Using a novel steady-state antibiotic exposure system combined with chromosomal barcoding, we identified small hidden
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
subpopulations that repeatedly enter a state of drug tolerance with a predisposition to develop fixed drug resistance after first developing a cloud of unfixed resistance mutations.
Comparison of Nasopharyngeal and Saliva Swab Nucleic Acid Amplification and Rapid Antigen Testing To Detect Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern: a Prospective Clinical Trial (OMICRON)
Authors: Kritikos Antonios , Caruana Giorgia , Lazor-Blanchet Catherine , Currat Michael , Chiche Jean-Daniel , Vollenweider Peter , Bart Pierre-Alexandre , Opota Onya , Greub Gilbert
Published: November 2022

The Omicron variant of concern spread rapidly since it was first reported in November 2021 and currently accounts for the vast majority of new infections worldwide. Recent reports suggest that saliva sampling might outweigh nasopharyngeal sampling for the diagnosis of the Omicron variant.
Empowering healthcare professionals with health promotion information for transgender adolescents
Authors: Talbot Jonathan , Finlay Fiona
Published: November 2022

While the majority of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) adolescents, much like their cis-gendered heterosexual peers, will be confident and healthy young individuals, there are well-known health disparities, particularly within the transgendered community, which may lead to inferior health outcomes. To improve these outcomes, we must empower professionals to feel confident in their interactions with transgender adolescents so they can recognise, discuss and address these disparities. For many healthcare professionals, this may be a novel experience, but following the announcement in 2022 that the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) will move towards a regional model, these discussions increasingly frequently be encountered in a general paediatric setting. In this article, we discuss some of the topics which may be relevant to transgender young people during a general paediatric consultation.
Digital marketing of formula and baby food negatively influences breast feeding and complementary feeding: a cross-sectional study and video recording of parental exposure in Mexico
Authors: Unar-Munguía Mishel , Santos-Guzmán Andrea , Mota-Castillo Pedro Javier , Ceballos-Rasgado Marena , Tolentino-Mayo Lizbeth , Sachse Aguilera Matthias , Cobo Armijo Fernanda , Barquera Simón , Bonvecchio Anabelle
Published: November 2022

Background

There is little evidence of the association between digital marketing of formula and baby food and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices.

Objective

Assess parents’ exposure to digital marketing of formula and baby food for children <2 years and its association with the purchase and IYCF practices in Mexico.

Methods

Parents ≥18 years recruited from a market research panel completed an online survey (n=1074) and capture-on-screen (n=95) between December 2020 and January 2021. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the association between exposure to digital marketing of formula and baby foods with its purchase, motivation, consumption and IYCF practices.

Results

Digital marketing of formula and baby food was self-reported by 93.9% of parents in the online survey and observed by 93.7% in the capture-on-screen. Recorded ads did not comply with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes. Parents who self-reported seeing a higher versus lower number of ads were less likely to exclusive breast feed (OR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.78), and more likely to give mixed feeding (OR=2.59; 95% CI: 1.28 to 5.21), formula (OR=1.84; 95% CI: 1.34 to 2.53), processed foods (OR=2.31; 95% CI: 1.59 to 3.32) and sugary drinks (OR=1.66; 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.54). Higher exposure to ads was associated with a higher chance of purchasing products motivated by nutritional (OR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.28) and organic claims (OR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.21 to 3.72).

Conclusions

Digital marketing of formula and baby food may negatively influence IYCF and should be regulated to ensure children’s nutrition and health.
Chinese Consensus Report on Family-Based
Helicobacter pylori
Infection Control and Management (2021 Edition)
Authors: Ding Song-Ze , Du Yi-Qi , Lu Hong , Wang Wei-Hong , Cheng Hong , Chen Shi-Yao , Chen Min-Hu , Chen Wei-Chang , Chen Ye , Fang Jing-Yuan , Gao Heng-Jun , Guo Ming-Zhou , Han Ying , Hou Xiao-Hua , Hu Fu-Lian , Jiang Bo , Jiang Hai-Xing , Lan Chun-Hui , Li Jing-Nan , Li Yan , Li Yan-Qing , Liu Jie , LI You-Ming , Lyu Bin , Lu You-Yong , Miao Ying-Lei , Nie Yong-Zhan , Qian Jia-Ming , Sheng Jian-Qiu , Tang Cheng-Wei , Wang Fen , Wang Hua-Hong , Wang Jiang-Bin , Wang Jing-Tong , Wang Jun-Ping , Wang Xue-Hong , Wu Kai-Chun , Xia Xing-Zhou , Xie Wei-Fen , Xie Yong , Xu Jian-Ming , Yang Chang-Qing , Yang Gui-Bin , Yuan Yuan , Zeng Zhi-Rong , Zhang Bing-Yong , Zhang Gui-Ying , Zhang Guo-Xin , Zhang Jian-Zhong , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Zheng Peng-Yuan , Zhu Yin , Zuo Xiu-Li , Zhou Li-Ya , Lyu Nong-Hua , Yang Yun-Sheng , Li Zhao-Shen
Published: November 2022

Objective

Helicobacter pylori
infection is mostly a family-based infectious disease. To facilitate its prevention and management, a national consensus meeting was held to review current evidence and propose strategies for population-wide and family-based
H. pylori
infection control and management to reduce the related disease burden.

Methods

Fifty-seven experts from 41 major universities and institutions in 20 provinces/regions of mainland China were invited to review evidence and modify statements using Delphi process and grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation system. The consensus level was defined as ≥80% for agreement on the proposed statements.

Results

Experts discussed and modified the original 23 statements on family-based
H. pylori
infection transmission, control and management, and reached consensus on 16 statements. The final report consists of three parts: (1)
H. pylori
infection and transmission among family members, (2) prevention and management of
H. pylori
infection in children and elderly people within households, and (3) strategies for prevention and management of
H. pylori
infection for family members. In addition to the ‘test-and-treat’ and ‘screen-and-treat’ strategies, this consensus also introduced a novel third ‘family-based
H. pylori
infection control and management’ strategy to prevent its intrafamilial transmission and development of related diseases.

Conclusion

H. pylori
is transmissible from person to person, and among family members. A family-based
H. pylori
prevention and eradication strategy would be a suitable approach to prevent its intra-familial transmission and related diseases. The notion and practice would be beneficial not only for Chinese residents but also valuable as a reference for other highly infected areas.
Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 during the first three waves in Scotland: a national record linkage study
Authors: Leslie Kirstin , Findlay Beth , Ryan Theresa , Green Leonardo I , Harvey Ciaran , Whettlock Alice E , Bishop Jen , Ponce Hardy Vicki , Went April , Wallace Lesley , McLeod Allan , Weir Amanda , Marsh Kimberly
Published: November 2022

Background

The early COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland—defined as the era before widespread access to vaccination and monoclonal antibody treatment—can be characterised into three distinct waves: March–July 2020, July 2020–April 2021 and May–August 2021. Each wave was met with various societal restrictions in an effort to reduce disease transmission and associated morbidity and mortality. Understanding the epidemiology of infections during these waves can provide valuable insights into future pandemic planning.

Methods

Scottish RT-PCR testing data reported up until 8 August 2021, the day prior to most restrictions being lifted in Scotland, were included. Demographic characteristics including age, sex and social deprivation associated with transmission, morbidity and mortality were compared across waves. A case–control analysis for each wave was then modelled to further compare risk factors associated with death over time.

Results

Of the 349 904 reported cases, there were 18 099, 197 251 and 134 554 in waves 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Hospitalisations, intensive care unit admissions and deaths appeared highest in wave 2, though risk factors associated with COVID-19 death remained similar across the waves. Higher deprivation and certain comorbidities were associated with higher deaths in all waves.

Conclusions

Despite the higher number of cases reported in waves 2 and 3, case fatality rates were lower: likely a combination of improved detection of infections in younger age groups, introduction of social measures and vaccination. Higher social deprivation and comorbidities resulted in higher deaths for all waves.
Dirty work: well-intentioned mental health workers cannot ameliorate harms in offshore detention
Authors: Winters Janine Penfield , Owens Fiona , Winters Elisif
Published: November 2022

Professional providers of mental health services are motivated to help people, including, or especially, vulnerable people. We analyse the ethical implications of mental health providers accepting employment at detention centres that operate out of the normal regulatory structure of the modern state. Specifically, we examine tensions and moral harms experienced by providers at the Australian immigration detention centre on the island of Nauru. Australia has adopted indefinite offshore detention for asylum-seekers arriving by boat as part of a deterrence strategy that relies on making detainment conditions harsh. This has known deleterious mental health effects. As a token to fiduciary care obligations, Australia employs mental health professionals to work on Nauru. These providers are often motivated to make a positive difference for detainees’ lives. We examine the overall impact of the providers’ work with detainees and the implications of their presence. The strongest evidence supports that the small mitigation of harms offered by these providers does not outweigh the harms of supporting a system designed to perpetuate human suffering. For mental health professionals considering working in offshore detention, we offer specific topics to scrutinise and weigh prior to employment. Because optimising detainee’s mental health is beyond the capacity of individual providers, we call for the organisations standardising and supporting mental health professionals to oppose employment of their associates in offshore detention. Lessons from this case study are generalisable to other jurisdictions to help inform organisations that licence and support mental health providers and individual providers considering work in similar settings.
T2-weighted short-tau-inversion-recovery imaging reflects disease
activity of cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Tonegawa-Kuji Reina , Oyama-Manabe Noriko , Aoki Ryosuke , Nagayoshi Shinya , Pawhay Christian Michael Hong , Kusano Kengo , Nakajima Takatomo
Published: November 2022

Objective

We investigated the diagnostic performance of semi-quantitative
hyperintensity on T2-weighted short-tau-inversion-recovery black-blood
(T2W-STIR-BB) images in identifying active cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) in
patients, and compared it with that
of18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission
tomography (FDG-PET).

Methods

This retrospective study included 40 steroid-naive patients (age
63.1±12.9 years, 20 men) diagnosed with CS who underwent both cardiac
MRI and FDG-PET imaging. Active CS cases were defined as satisfying at
least one of the following criteria for conventional indices:
exacerbation of ventricular arrhythmia, newly identified advanced
atrioventricular block, greater than 5% decrease in left ventricular
ejection fraction on echocardiography, positive finding on
gallium-scintigraphy or elevated levels of sarcoidosis-related serum
biomarkers. T2W-STIR-BB images were semi-quantitatively analysed using a
myocardium-to-spleen ratio (MSR). The diagnostic performance of
T2W-STIR-BB and FDG-PET imaging for detecting active CS was
investigated.

Results

Thirty-three patients satisfied at least one criterion and were
considered as having active CS. Thirty patients (75%) tested positive
with T2W-STIR-BB imaging, and 25 patients (63%) tested positive with
FDG-PET. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and
negative predictive values for identifying active CS by
semi-quantitative MSR on T2W-STIR-BB images were 79%, 43%, 73%, 87% and
30%, respectively. These results were statistically comparable to those
of FDG-PET (70%, 71%, 70%, 92% and 33%, respectively).

Conclusions

When using conventional diagnostic indices for active CS as the gold
standard, T2W-STIR-BB imaging demonstrated comparable diagnostic
performance to that of FDG-PET. The semi-quantitative analysis of high
signal intensity on T2W-STIR-BB images using MSR was useful for
detection of active CS.
Critical appraisal of interventional clinical trials assessing heated tobacco products: a systematic review
Authors: Braznell Sophie , Van Den Akker Amber , Metcalfe Chris , Taylor Gemma M J , Hartmann-Boyce Jamie
Published: November 2022

Objective

To critically assess the methodological characteristics and quality of interventional clinical trials investigating the effects of heated tobacco products (HTPs).

Data sources

Web of Science (Core collection and MEDLINE), Scopus, MedRxiv, ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP trial databases and transnational HTP manufacturer online publication libraries were searched for clinical trials on HTPs published between January 2010 and April 2022.

Study selection

Interventional clinical trials of any design, in which at least one group of adult participants used a currently marketed HTP, were selected by two reviewers with good or very good agreement.

Data extraction

Data relating to trial characteristics and effects of intervention on primary outcomes were extracted using a predesigned form. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool v1.

Data synthesis

40 trials were included, 29 of which were tobacco industry affiliated. Methodological characteristics, such as registration, design, setting, comparator interventions, participants, outcomes and analyses, varied between trials, though there were few significant differences between industry-affiliated and independent trials. Of the 40 trials, 33 were judged to be at high risk of bias and 6 at unclear risk of bias. Trial findings were not significantly associated with either affiliation or risk of bias.

Conclusions

The conduct and reporting of HTP interventional clinical trials were poor in many respects and limited to investigating effects of short-term exposure. These trials fall short of what is needed to determine whether HTPs are beneficial to public health, meaning they may not be a sound basis for tobacco control policy decisions.
STUDY ON TOOL WEAR, SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND TOOL VIBRATION UNDER MINIMUM QUANTITY LUBRICATION ENABLED CNC TURNING OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY
Authors: SWAIN SAMARJIT , PANIGRAHI ISHAM , SAHOO ASHOK KUMAR , PANDA AMLANA , KUMAR RAMANUJ
Published: November 2022

The machining of Ti–6Al–4V alloy faces several confronts like generation of higher cutting temperature, fast tool wear, poor surface finish, higher tool vibration and chattering. Therefore, this research presents the detailed analysis of the surface roughness, tool flank wear, and amplitude of vibration and chip morphology under MQL enabled Ti–6Al–4V CNC machining. The experimental scheme is chosen as Taguchi L[Formula: see text] orthogonal array (OA) with cutting speed, feed and cutting depth considered as the input processing parameters. Further, WPCA optimization is implemented to evaluate the best combinations of input factors to get the optimal values of outputs.
India and the Quad
Authors: SAHA Premesha
Published: November 2022

Given that there is no overarching regional organisation for the Indo-Pacific, there has been a proliferation of minilateral and plurilateral groupings focussing on ensuring a free, open and a rules-based Indo-Pacific. The Quadrilateral alliance comprising India, the United States, Australia and Japan falls into this category. India has always maintained a non- aligned foreign policy position. In recent times, however, with the mushrooming of these groupings, “issue-based partnerships’ partnerships” is the foreign policy road that India has embarked upon.
Improving Embryologists’ Sleep Quality: Implementation of a Weight-Based Monitoring System for Gamete and Embryo Cryostorage
Authors: SORBY Kelli , GLAGE Eve
Published: November 2022

Background: Storage of gametes and embryos in our laboratories represents the highest concentration of risk for an ART clinic. A single storage tank may contain material of several hundred patients and vacuum failure is a scenario that haunts embryologists’ nightmares. Temperature sensors are currently the most prevalent mechanism for ‘alarming’ storage tanks, however, such approaches are akin to closing the gate after the horses have bolted.

Aim: To assess the implementation of a fully redundant, weight-based monitoring system for ensuring the security of liquid nitrogen storage tanks in a high-capacity ART unit.

Method: Forty flat-bed scales were fitted with alarm conversion units allowing a standard ‘open/closed’ alarm output to be relayed in the event a reading fell below the user defined weight limit.

Output was routed through a security monitoring system via phone line and mobile-SIM, with no overlap of the existing, internet-based temperature probe system.

Relationship between liquid nitrogen level (HC35 vessel), tank weight and temperature reading (probe positioned at top of canister), was established by sequential measurements.

Results: Addition of the flat bed scales proved minimally disruptive to the space allocation per tank, requiring no additional ‘width’ but a slight increase in ‘depth’ behind tanks to accommodate the screen support.

As expected, a clear, linear relationship was evident between liquid nitrogen level and tank weight, with every 1cm drop in liquid nitrogen equating to approximately 0.5kg weight loss.

Concerningly, the temperature probe remained below -190∘ with just 0.5cm of liquid nitrogen remaining, only rising above the alarm trigger threshold once nitrogen had fully evaporated, resulting in a precipitous rise to above devitrification temperature in a matter of hours.

Conclusion: Introducing a weight-based tank monitoring system is both feasible and effective. This system provides vastly superior performance in the timely identification of impending tank failure, allowing ample opportunity to ensure safe relocation of material.
Zircon U–Pb, oxygen and hafnium isotopic characteristics of the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic Betsiboka Suite, Madagascar: tracing source to sink pathways in Proterozoic and Phanerozoic provenance studies
Authors: Archibald Donnelly Brian , Collins Alan S. , Armistead Sheree E. , Foden John D. , Payne Justin L. , Razakamanana Théodore
Published: November 2022

The Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic Betsiboka Suite of Madagascar mainly consists of granitoid orthogneiss and migmatite variably metamorphosed to amphibolite and granulite facies during the late Neoproterozoic. New U–Pb zircon data yield emplacement ages of 2512 ± 17, 2507 ± 17, 2493 ± 14 and 2485 ± 16 Ma. Zircon
δ
18
O data indicate involvement of the continental crust during magma genesis. Mostly positive
ε
Hf
(
t
) values plot slightly below the depleted-mantle curve. The isotopic data favour mixing between an older Archean crustal source and a juvenile depleted-mantle source. Possible local crustal candidates for the older component in the exposed Malagasy basement are Neoarchean mafic gneisses in the Tsaratanana Complex and the
c.
3200 Ma Nosy Boraha orthogneiss in the Antongil Domain. The new isotopic data support interpretations from previous studies investigating the genesis of Tonian plutonic rocks advocating crustal melting of a Mesoarchean crustal source in the Antananarivo Domain. In addition, detrital zircon in the Proterozoic Ambatolampy Group and Itremo Group probably had a local source with the same isotopic composition as the Betsiboka Suite. Our study demonstrates the significance of multi-isotopic data from zircon for constraining the sources of detrital zircon grains in sedimentary provenance studies.
Silurian to Cretaceous geological evolution of southern Mexico and its connection to the assembly and break-up of Western Equatorial Pangaea: geochronological constraints from the northern Sierra de Juárez Complex
Authors: Espejo-Bautista Guillermo , Solari Luigi , Maldonado Roberto , Ramírez-Calderón Mónica
Published: November 2022

The Sierra de Juárez Complex (SJC) of southern Mexico contains an extensive geological record from Precambrian to Cenozoic, involving Rodinia, NW Gondwana, western equatorial Pangaea, and eastern peninsular Mexico. It is thus critical for palinspastic reconstructions and lithotectonic correlations, mainly between the Mexican and NW South America terranes. In this contribution, we investigate the tectonic evolution of the northern SJC from Silurian to the Lower Cretaceous on the basis of fieldwork, petrography, and zircon U–Pb geochronology by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our results allow us to constrain five main geological events: (1) Middle Paleozoic sedimentation along NW Gondwana during transtensional tectonics; (2) volcanosedimentary activity between 292 and 281 Ma in NW Gondwana during Rheic Ocean closure; (3) early-middle Permian metamorphism related to flat-slab subduction postdating Pangaea assembly; (4) Lower–Middle Jurassic anatexis and magmatism coeval with regional shearing at
c.
175 Ma influenced by transtensional tectonics along eastern peninsular Mexico during Pangaea tenure; and (5) intermediate to acid magmatism between
c.
136 and 129 Ma, correlated with the Zongolica continental arc in southern Mexico, followed by deep-crustal shearing related to either the formation of the extensional Chivillas basin or the Upper Cretaceous–Cenozoic contractional episode documented in the Cuicateco Terrane.
Noninvasive Measurement of Humidity Distribution in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs). Part II: Operando Analysis of a Fuel Cell Stack
Authors: Schuller A. , Schmidt T. J. , Eller J.
Published: November 2022

In the second part of the paper series on a noninvasive method to determine the local high frequency resistance (HFR) distribution in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC), the method is applied to an operating PEFC stack. While in the first part of this paper series the approach of using multiple surface attached electrodes to locally inject 1 kHz AC currents into a cell and to measure the resulting voltage amplitudes at the flow field’s surface was introduced. Its sensitivity was assessed using a stack fed only by nitrogen at different humidification levels. Here, it is confirmed that the approach works also during electrochemical operation. First, the method’s spatial resolution is further explored and improved by using multiple stimulation patterns after examining the local sensitivity of the different electrode combinations to changes in membrane conductivity by finite element model simulations of the current injection. The method is then applied to a stack operated at different current densities, inlet humidities and gas flow configurations. The HFR distributions are in good agreement with literature data and compare well with the global cell HFR. Finally, the method’s transient capabilities are highlighted by measuring the HFR distribution during a current jump and cell drying.
Dysbiosis and reduced small intestinal function are required to induce intestinal insufficiency in mice
Authors: Berlin Peggy , Barrantes Israel , Reiner Johannes , Schröder Emma , Vollmar Brigitte , Bull Jana , Kreikemeyer Bernd , Lamprecht Georg , Witte Maria
Published: November 2022

Resection-induced dysbiosis affects disease progression in patients with short bowel syndrome. Severe dysbiosis occurs after removal of the ileocecal valve, even in the absence of short bowel conditions, and is associated with the loss of Muribaculaceae and Akkermansia and an increase of Clostridium and Enterococcus. The preservation of the cecum should be considered in surgical therapy, and dysbiosis should be targeted based on its specific anatomical signature to improve postoperative bacterial colonization.
In Situ Synthesis of Zeolites in Solidified Fly Ash/Cement Matrices with High Na Content: Products, Pore Structure, and Leaching Behavior
Authors: Zheng Zhao , Bao Zhitao , Wang Qingyi , Li Yuxiang
Published: November 2022

Due to its high retention capacity and well durability, fly ash-based geopolymers rich of zeolites are considered to be potential solidified materials for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste stream. This study mainly focused on the phase transformation, pore structure, and leaching characteristic of Sr2+ and Cs+ in solidified fly ash/cement matrices under different sodium hydroxide contents or sodium nitrate concentrations after thermal curing of 28 d. The results obtained from the experiments indicated that the geopolymers prepared from pure fly ash had the potential to transform into ordered structures at high temperatures of 90°C instead of room temperature, such as Na-P1 zeolite and chabazite. With the increase in sodium hydroxide contents, more sodium nitrate participated in the reaction to form a zeolite phase in solidified fly ash/cement matrices, while the coexistence phenomenon of chabazite and Na-P1 zeolite appeared under the condition of high sodium hydroxide contents of more than 5%. Just a proper number of zeolites can effectively inhibit the leaching of radionuclides Sr2+, as too many zeolites would lead to the increase in porosity, which was harmful to the retention of radionuclides. Solidified fly ash/cement matrices at a sodium hydroxide content of 5% or at a sodium nitrate concentration of 300 g/L obtained the lowest cumulative leaching fraction of Sr2+. Moreover, sodium hydroxide increased the cumulative leaching fraction of Cs+ which reversely decreased significantly with the increase in sodium nitrate concentrations.
Biomarkers for Chronic Pain: Significance and Summary of Recent Advances
Authors: Eldabe Sam , Obara Ilona , Panwar Catherine , Caraway David
Published: November 2022

Chronic pain can be difficult to predict and a challenge to treat. Biomarkers for chronic pain signal an opportunity for advancements in both management and prevention, and through their research and development offer new insights into the complex processes at play. This review considers the latest research in chronic pain biomarker development and considers how close we are to bringing these from bench to bedside. While some headway has been made that offers efficiencies in patient selection, it is unlikely that a single test will encompass the variety of chronic pain phenotypes. We offer some insights for the near future in biomarker development and areas of continued unmet need.
Smart Monochromatic Composite: A Literature Review
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Adeel , Jouhar Rizwan , Khurshid Zohaib
Published: November 2022

Over the previous years of the 20th and 21st centuries, there has been a progression in the field of bonded esthetic restorations. At the present time, the inclination of dentists toward the smart monochromatic shade of composite is flourishing owing to the fact that it decreases the requirement of a range of composite shades, curtails the waste of unconsumed composite shades, lessens chair side interval, abolishes the shade selection, and decreases dependency on shade-selecting methods. Smart monochromatic composite is known to obtain the color of the adjacent tooth structure in which it is placed. Therefore, the current literature elucidates the several features of innovative and revolutionary monochromatic composites including color stability, mechanical and optical properties, and shade-matching capability that could have a positive impact potentially over other resin composites.
Numerical Simulation of the Erosion Effect Caused by the Impact of High-Velocity Landslide
Authors: Qiao Cheng , Chen Youcai , Chen Xuelin
Published: November 2022

Due to the complex composition consisting of solid particles and fluids with different physical properties, geophysical flows often show complex and diverse dynamic characteristics. For landslides with high water content, there are complex interactions between the solid and fluid phases. Therefore, it is difficult to grasp the dynamic characteristics and the disaster scale of this type of landslide, especially under complex terrain and ground conditions. The drag effect is an important aspect of the interaction between the solid and liquid phases. We optimized the enhanced drag coefficient formula to further consider the effect of high-velocity movement. By considering the volume fraction relationships between different phases, a mechanical erosion rate model is utilized for multiphase flows. Based on the r.avaflow numerical tool and the multiphase mass flow model, considering the interphase interaction characteristics of high-velocity liquefied landslides, we analyzed the influence of the obstruction of buildings and their entrainment into the landslide on the dynamic characteristics and hazard range of the Shenzhen 2015 landslide. This provides a reference for the analysis of complex geophysical disasters based on the multiphase mass flow model. Importantly, we have demonstrated the reduced mobility of the considered erosive impact event, which is in line with the physical principle.
Maxillary Reconstruction with Xenogeneic Bone Graft, Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Titanium Mesh for Rehabilitation with Implants: A 5-year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Parize Graziele , Tunchel Samy , Blay Alberto , Duailibi-Neto Eduardo Felippe , Kim Yeon Jung , Pallos Debora
Published: November 2022

Aim. Alveolar deficiency is considered one of the main limitations for placement of osseointegrated implants, as well as for their long-term success, especially in the anterior region of the maxilla. Objective. To report a clinical case of reconstruction of atrophic maxilla with deproteinized bovine bone associated with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and titanium mesh and to assess the linear and volumetric bone gains and rehabilitation with implants in a 5-year follow-up. Case. Patient with bone deficiency in the anterior maxilla region underwent bone reconstruction with deproteinized bovine bone associated with PRF and titanium mesh. After six months, the necessary bone height and volume were obtained for placement of implants, and the bone contour was restored in the anterior region, providing functional and aesthetic improvement. The amount of linear and volumetric bone gains was compared to baseline computed tomography scans. Three implants were placed in the grafted region, and a bone tissue sample was obtained at the time of their placement. Histological analysis showed neo-formed bone tissue in contact with the remaining particles of the biomaterial. After six months, the implants were activated, and the prosthesis was placed on the implants, which were monitored for five years. Conclusion. Implants can be placed predictably in regions with vertical and horizontal bone augmentations by using xenogeneic bone grafts associated with titanium mesh and PRF.
Lactococcus lactis Endocarditis in an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Mitchell Austin , Gorn Sarah , Cheung Alex , Khan Spogmai , Anneski Cynthia
Published: November 2022

Lactococcus lactis infections are rarely reported in the medical literature. L. lactis is a commonly used fermenting agent which may be difficult to identify with common microbiology identification processes. This factor may contribute to its lack of recognition in medical journals. We report a case of an immunosuppressed 80-year-old female with L. lactis bacteremia, subsequently, found to have aortic valve vegetation, who responded clinically to a six-week duration of ceftriaxone therapy. Afterward, a brief updated literature review is presented on L. lactis infections.
Atorvastatin Inhibits Ferroptosis of H9C2 Cells by regulatingSMAD7/Hepcidin Expression to Improve Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Peng You , Liao Bin , Zhou Yan , Zeng Wei , Zeng Zhi-Yu
Published: November 2022

Background. Ferroptosis plays a key role in cardiomyopathy. Atorvastatin (ATV) has a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of ATV in I/R injury. Methods. H9C2 cells and cardiomyopathy rats were induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and I/R to construct in vitro and in vivo models. Cell viability was determined by CCK8. Cardiac histopathology was observed by HE staining. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the mitochondrial morphology. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in cells was analyzed by the biochemical method. ELISA was conducted to calculate the concentrations of total iron/Fe2+ and hepcidin. The expression of ferroptosis and SMAD pathway-related genes were detected by qPCR. Western blot was performed to detect the expression levels of ferroptosis and SMAD pathway-related proteins. Results. In H9C2 cells, ATV reversed the decline in cell viability, mitochondrial shrinkage, and ROS elevation induced by erastin or H/R. The concentration of total iron and Fe2+ in H/R-induced H9C2 cells increased, and the protein expression of FPN1 decreased. After ATV treatment, the concentration of total iron and Fe2+ decreased, and the protein expression of FPN1 increased. The expression of the SMAD7 gene in H/R-induced H9C2 cells decreased, and the expression of the hepcidin gene increased, which were reversed by ATV. When SMAD7 was knocked down, ATV treatment failed to produce the above effect. ATV also improved ferroptosis in I/R rat myocardium through the SMAD7/hepcidin pathway. Conclusions. ATV reversed the decline in H9C2 cell viability, mitochondrial shrinkage, and ROS elevation, and improved the myocardium ferroptosis through the SMAD7/hepcidin pathway in I/R rat.
COVID-19 Data Analytics Using Extended Convolutional Technique
Authors: Gupta Anand Kumar , Srinivasulu Asadi , Oyerinde Olutayo Oyeyemi , Pau Giovanni , Ravikumar C. V.
Published: November 2022

The healthcare system, lifestyle, industrial growth, economy, and livelihood of human beings worldwide were affected due to the triggered global pandemic by the COVID-19 virus that originated and was first reported in Wuhan city, Republic Country of China. COVID cases are difficult to predict and detect in their early stages, and their spread and mortality are uncontrollable. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is still the first and foremost diagnostical methodology accepted worldwide; hence, it creates a scope of new diagnostic tools and techniques of detection approach which can produce effective and faster results compared with its predecessor. Innovational through current studies that complement the existence of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) to findings in the thorax (chest) X-ray imaging, the projected research’s method makes use of present deep learning (DL) models with the integration of various frameworks such as GoogleNet, U-Net, and ResNet50 to novel method those X-ray images and categorize patients as the corona positive (COVID + ve) or the corona negative (COVID -ve). The anticipated technique entails the pretreatment phase through dissection of the lung, getting rid of the environment which does now no longer provide applicable facts and can provide influenced consequences; then after this, the preliminary degree comes up with the category version educated below the switch mastering system; and in conclusion, consequences are evaluated and interpreted through warmth maps visualization. The proposed research method completed a detection accuracy of COVID-19 at around 99%.
WDR72 Enhances the Stemness of Lung Cancer Cells by Activating the AKT/HIF-1α Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ouyang Xiaoping , Shi Xinlin , Huang Na , Yang Yuping , Zhao Wei , Guo Wei , Huang Yumin
Published: November 2022

Objectives. Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality rate. Lung cancer stem cells are crucial in the development of lung cancer. In this study, we investigate WD repeat-containing protein 72 (WDR72) on lung cancer cell stemness and explore its underlying mechanism. Methods. WDR72 expression was investigated in lung cancer tissues and lung cancer stem cells by Western blot and RT-qPCR. The stemness of lung cancer stem cells was verified by the sphere-forming experiment and the abundance of stem cell markers. For the purpose of determining lung cancer stem cell growth, metastasis, and apoptosis, the CCK-8 assay, colony formation, Transwell migration, and flow cytometry were carried out. The ability of tumorigenesis in vivo was explored by xenograft tumor mouse models. Results. Up-regulation of WDR72 was found in lung cancer tissues and lung cancer stem cells. WDR72 overexpression significantly activated the AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Application of PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY29004 was able to counteract the impacts of WDR72 upregulation on genes related to stemness, growth, migration, and apoptosis in lung cancer stem cells. The sphere formation of lung cancer stem cells was significantly diminished after inhibiting the AKT/HIF-1α pathway. The promotion of WDR72 overexpression on lung cancer stem cell proliferation and metastasis was also eliminated by LY29004 treatment. Conclusion. WDR72 activates the AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway to enhance the stemness of lung cancer stem cells and promote the growth and metastasis of lung cancer.