bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The recalibration of China's grand strategy during the Biden administration
Authors: Mitić Aleksandar , Stekić Nenad
Published: February 2025

Amid the continuous rise of China's diplomatic, technological, military, economic, and normative power, in the context of the transition to multipolarity, Washington has expanded its competition and rivalry with Beijing under the Joseph Biden administration. In addition to Donald Trump's "tariff wars," Biden's presidency presented elements of a "containment 2.0" policy, upgraded with a strong liberal internationalist discourse on the need to uphold the "rules-based world order" (RBO) and a Manichean "democracy vs. autocracy" narrative. It led to boosting the RBO narrative against "authoritarian states," building alliances against the Russian Federation and China, and new formats of securitization of globalization and weaponization of the global value chain. Beijing thus faced the Biden administration in a complex geopolitical environment and had to adapt its grand strategy. In response to the RBO, China proposed "true multilateralism." Faced with a host of new "mini-alliances" in the Asia-Pacific, China boosted its military prowess. Beyond the region, Beijing pursued the expansion of existing (Belt and Road Initiative, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, BRICS) and new multilateral initiatives (Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, Global Development Initiative). China demonstrated resilience and strategic foresight, while the agility and coherence of its evolving grand strategy have allowed Beijing to "welcome back" Donald Trump into the White House with readiness and self-confidence despite a "rocky road ahead".
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA MELALUI CERPEN UNTUK ANAK KELAS VI SDN 25 LEBONG
Authors: Gustian Gustian Arjes , Subandrio Subandrio , Paulina Yanti
Published: February 2025

Desa Suka Bumi, yang terletak di Kecamatan Lebong Sakti, Kabupaten Lebong, Provinsi Bengkulu, menjadi lokasi pelaksanaan pelatihan implementasi pembelajaran sastra melalui cerpen untuk siswa kelas VI SDN 25 Lebong. Sekolah ini dikenal memiliki akreditasi baik, tenaga pengajar berkualitas, dan jumlah siswa yang memadai. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan agar siswa dapat mengembangkan kemampuan menyampaikan pendapat dan ide, baik secara lisan maupun tulisan, serta memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih dalam mengenai karya sastra, khususnya cerpen. Melalui metode pembelajaran berbasis proyek dan kooperatif, siswa dilatih untuk menciptakan, mengkritik, serta memahami unsur-unsur dalam karya sastra. Di samping itu, program ini juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran siswa dalam menikmati, menghargai, dan melestarikan karya sastra. Hasil dari pelatihan menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam apresiasi dan pemahaman siswa terhadap sastra, yang juga berdampak positif pada perkembangan etika dan moral mereka.
Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Sastra, Cerpen, Etika, Moral
NEADEKVATNA PERCEPCIJA POJMA AUTONOMIJA VISOKOŠKOLSKIH USTANOVA SA PODRUČJA TUZLANSKOG KANTONA OD STRANE ČLANOVA AKADEMSKE ZAJEDNICE
Authors: Nišić Edis
Published: February 2025

Autonomija visokoškolskih ustanova kao princip visokog obrazovanja u zakonodavstvu Bosne i Hercegovine propisana je Okvirnim zakonom o visokom obrazovanju u Bosni i Hercegovini, odnosno propisima entiteta i propisima Kantona unutar entiteta Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine. Zakonom o visokom obrazovanju u Tuzlanskom kantonu u najvećoj mjeri preuzeo je rješenja Okvirnog zakona kada su u pitanju odredbe vezano za autonomiju visokoškolskih ustanova. Princip autonomije visokoškolskih ustanova na području Tuzlanskog kantona definisan je na način kako bi se omogućilo nesmetano funkcionisanje visokog obrazovanja na području Tuzlanskog kanona. MeĎutim, iako je princip autonomije visokoškolskih ustanova na području Tuzlanskog kantona u najvećoj mjeri usklaĎen sa odredbama Okvirnog zakona, u implementaciji visokog obrazovanja od strane članova akademske zajednice postoji pogrešna percepcija, odnosno pogrešno poimanje principa autonomije visokoškolskih ustanova, što moţe dovesti do posljedica u padu kvaliteta visokog obrazovanja na području Tuzlanskog kantona.
VOZILO KAO FAKTOR BEZBJEDNOSTI SAOBRAĆAJA
Authors: Blagojević Gordana , Omerčić Mevludin
Published: February 2025

Današnji automobili su primjenom savremenih tehnologija znatno bezbjedniji u odnosu na raniji period, no i pored toga saobraćajne nezgode na putevima su deveti po značaju uzročnik smrti i povreĎivanja u svijetu. Prema predviĎanjima Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, ako se ovakav trend nastavi do 2025. godine, biće na trećem mjestu ove nepopularne liste. Ovi podaci ukazuju na činjenicu da je razvoj automobila mnogo brţi od razvoja svijesti čovjeka kao vozača i učesnika u saobraćaju u pogledu njegovog znanja i odgovornosti. Automobil kao faktor bezbjednosti svojom konstrukcijom u velikoj mjeri utiče na bezbjedno odvijanje saobraćaja. Istraţivanja govore da neispravna vozila učestvuju do 5 % ukupnog broja saobraćajnih nezgoda. MeĎutim, taj postotak je znatno veći, jer se pri uviđajima nakon saobraćajne nezgode ne mogu do kraja odrediti pojedini parametri vozila kao uzročnika saobraćajne nezgode. U radu su prikazani najuticajniji faktori koji utiču na tehničku ispravnost vozila.
ISTRATIVANJE UPOTREBE SIGURNOSNOG POJASA NA PODRUČJU OPŠTINE TESLIĆ
Authors: Aleksić Gordana , Klječanin Mladen
Published: February 2025

U današnje vrijeme sve veći broj ljudi se odlučuje da bude aktivan učesnik u saobraćaju, odnosno da upravlja motornim vozilom. To više nije luksuz, ni privilegija povlašćenih, to postaje svakodnevna potreba i sastavni dio života. Čovjek je najznačajniji, ali i najsloženiji činilac bezbjednosti saobraćaja. Istraživanja su dokazala da bezbjedno funkcionisanje saobraćaja velikim dijelom zavisi od ljudskog faktora, unutrašnjih izvora ponašanja i individualne reakcije na situacije sa kojima se vozač susreće na putu. Korišćenje sigurnosnog pojasa na prednjim sedištima, smanjuje rizik od smrtnog stradanja za 40–50 %, dok za putnike na zadnjem sedištu taj procenat iznosi izmeĎu 25–75 %. U radu je prikazano istraživanje upotrebe sigurnosnog pojasa na području opštine Teslić.
Dasein as a Human Being “Fallen”, “Thrown-into-the-world” and a Being-in-the-world with others A Means through a Genuine Transformation
Authors: Miasco Wilson
Published: February 2025

This paper highlights the importance of being as Dasein in the world because it manifests the meaning of his existence. However, this paper is very relevant regarding topicality because it highly concerns the means and purpose of his existence in this world. Dasein, as a human being, Fallen and Thrown-into-the-world together with others, provides a unique form of presentation with the other created individual because it leads them to act and to become an authentic agent in the society. Moreover, this paper aims to lead the individual to know that their thrownness in the world is merely subjective and is always concerned with purpose and meaning. A human being is always aiming for freedom. A Danish Philosopher Soren Kierkegaard always points out that “Life can only be understood backward: but it must be lived forwards” he said that in exploring human life we should know how to evaluate the existential parts of our existence in which Kierkegaard always said that we need to have the stage of life. According to him, this stage will lead us to the existential truth because, in each of these stages, a human being reflects and strives until he knows the value of his existence. However, Martin Heidegger interprets liberty through the amendment of Dasein which can be firmly achieved in every living of the being in the world. Dasein encounters and experiences a lot in his life when he is in the world where present-at-hand is accompanied using his inquiry every day. Lastly, methodology should integrate both philosophical analysis and existential inquiry, as well as possibly drawing from psychological and sociological perspectives to explore the human condition. The study seeks to analyze these existential conditions through the lens of Heideggerian philosophy, while also considering their implications for individual authenticity, personal growth, and social connection in contemporary society. To fully comprehend the discussion, the researcher employs questions to determine such explanations for Heidegger’s philosophical works.
Promoting Students’ Active Engagement in Online Teacher Education Courses
Authors: Wang Lu , Romero Christina
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the integration of digital tools in online teacher education courses to enhance active student engagement and support differentiated instruction, particularly for non-traditional teacher candidates. Drawing from the authors’ experiences, the study examines how technology tools (e.g. Zoom with Kaltura, simulations, SketchGraph, and AutoDraw), foster personalized learning, accommodate diverse needs, and provide opportunities for deeper engagement. Guided by the SAMR model, the analysis categorizes tools based on their functions in the teaching and learning practices, emphasizing their role in creating dynamic and inclusive learning environments. The findings highlight that digital tools enable active learning by encouraging critical engagement and moving away from traditional, passive modes of instruction. Through teacher modeling and differentiation, these tools empower learners to navigate complex concepts and build autonomy in their learning process. Practical strategies for implementing technology tools, such as modeling their use and providing clear, step-by-step instructions, are also discussed to address the challenges of online learning environments. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on technology integration in teacher education, offering insights into how digital tools can enhance learning experiences and prepare teacher candidates to adopt innovative instructional practices in their future classrooms.
A Power Grab Is Not a Constitutional Theory
Authors: Meyer-Resende Michael
Published: February 2025

Lawyers love legal theories. President Trump’s unprecedented executive actions have reignited interest in theories about the U.S. Constitution, especially conservative ones. Is he working with an extreme conception of the unified executive theory, a strong version of “originalist” or even “post-originalist” legal reasoning, or will the “political question doctrine” dominate? These debates are fascinating, but they strike me as pointless. Why? Because Trump’s supporters are not deploying them in good faith. Rather, these theories are being used as rhetorical maneuvers to dress up a power grab in theoretical garb.
Threats To National Security In The Context Of Digital Transformation Of The Economy And Public Administration
Authors: Belyaevskaya-Plotnik Lybov A
Published: February 2025

This paper sets a goal of justifying the threats to national security
on the part of the institutional support of large-scale processes of
digital transformation of the economy and public administration.
The analysis of the regulatory framework for ensuring the implementation
of the digital transformation of economy and public
administration processes revealed the need to ensure conceptual
consistency between strategic planning documents in this area.
Digital transformation process should result in, firstly, an improvement
in the quality of living due to an increase in the quantity
and operational speed of electronic public services, and secondly,
an improvement in business performance due to fast and comprehensive
information services, support for entrepreneurship,
and transparent interaction with government bodies. It has been
shown that threats to national security, when taking into account
the processes of digital transformation, should be reflected in the
National Security Strategy of the country, and then decomposed
along the entire vertical of strategic planning documents. Namely,
they should be consistently reflected in the scope of documents
from high-level goal-setting documents to program-planning ones
Air Quality Monitoring Device
Authors: Mandal Shubhankar
Published: February 2025

Air is an important element of the earth, the atmosphere was formed thousands of years after the creation of the earth. After approximately 4.6 billion years, this atmosphere is made up of different types of gases. Even though the atmosphere was created, people didn't live then, instead of humans, huge animals lived on earth because that atmosphere was not suitable for humans, nowadays, with the excellence of science, people can now know that our atmosphere is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.04% carbon. Dioxide also contains neon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen, and water vapor with 1% of the total composition. If this quality is normal in the air, it is positive for the environment, animals, and people. But unfortunately, due to the activities of human advanced living, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere day by day is also changing the composition of the atmosphere, which has a negative impact on humans and animals along with other harmful gases in the air. Considering that negative aspect we have developed Air Quality Monitoring Device. Through this, we can determine the quality of air as well as take the right decision regarding the prevention of air pollution.
Filsafat Ilmu Dalam Era Digital: Analisis Epistemologis Dan Etis Terhadap Transformasi Pengetahuan Di Dunia Modern
Authors: Ai Nurhayati  , Samsul Pahmi
Published: February 2025

Era digital telah membawa perubahan revolusioner dalam cara manusia memperoleh, menyebarkan, dan memvalidasi pengetahuan. Transformasi ini dipicu oleh perkembangan pesat teknologi informasi, termasuk internet, kecerdasan buatan, big data, dan media sosial, yang memungkinkan akses tanpa batas terhadap berbagai informasi. Namun, perubahan ini juga memunculkan tantangan epistemologis yang signifikan, terutama dalam menentukan validitas, reliabilitas, dan objektivitas suatu informasi. Kemudahan akses terhadap data sering kali tidak diimbangi dengan mekanisme verifikasi yang ketat, sehingga meningkatkan risiko penyebaran misinformasi dan disinformasi. Selain itu, algoritma yang digunakan dalam mesin pencari dan media sosial sering kali bersifat bias, membentuk gelembung informasi (filter bubble) yang dapat mempersempit wawasan intelektual. Dari sisi etika, era digital menimbulkan berbagai dilema, seperti pelanggaran privasi, kepemilikan data, serta penyalahgunaan teknologi untuk manipulasi informasi. Artikel ini menganalisis perubahan ini melalui perspektif filsafat ilmu, khususnya dari sudut pandang epistemologi dan etika, dengan menyoroti tantangan serta peluang yang ditawarkan oleh era digital terhadap ilmu pengetahuan. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan epistemologi yang lebih adaptif dan kritis, serta regulasi etis yang lebih ketat, diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa perkembangan teknologi tetap sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip ilmiah yang bertanggung jawab dan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat. Dengan demikian, filsafat ilmu tetap relevan dalam menghadapi tantangan dan perubahan yang diakibatkan oleh digitalisasi, serta berperan penting dalam mengembangkan paradigma keilmuan yang lebih inklusif, kritis, dan berbasis nilai.
Euphemism in the Reporting of Immoral Acts in Online Media (A Linguistic Review)
Authors: Nurul Fadhilah  , Raden Khaeru Ahmadi  , Yuni Putri Utami
Published: February 2025

In journalism, the role of language is paramount due to its crucial influence on readers. This study aims to identify linguistic units in online media reporting that serve as euphemisms. This research is important because, in the digital age, the ease of accessing news must align with its acceptability and safety for readers. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a sociolinguistic approach. The forms of euphemism that appear in reporting on immoral acts in online media include foreign word euphemisms, loan word euphemisms, periphrasis, metaphorical euphemisms, figurative euphemisms, euphemisms used to replace another term, acronym euphemisms, and abbreviation euphemisms. in addition to following the code of ethics, journalists must also understand how to use euphemisms to produce acceptable writing without causing new societal conflicts.
An Investigation into Empowering Youth Through Training for Eradicating Poverty: The Contribution of Non-Governmental Organizations in Ogba Ethnic Nationality of Rivers State
Authors:   Department of Employment Relations/ Human Resources Management, Faculty of Administration and Management Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo Port Harcourt, Akpe Churchill Ikechukwu , Owhorji Sunday ,   Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Administration and Management, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo Port Harcourt
Published: February 2025

Youth development is great asset to national economic growth and income generation especially in the utilization of their creative ingenuity as the driving force of demand and supply. This research is to investigate empowering youth through training and eradicating poverty through the contribution of non-governmental organization in Ogba ethnic nationality in Rivers State. The objectives of the study is to identify the role of non-governmental organization in SMEs business and poverty eradication among youth association in Ogba ethnic nationality, to identify the method of non-governmental organization in training the youth association in curbing poverty in Ogba ethnic nationality. Descriptive research design is used to collect both secondary and primary information. The population of the study is 2900 youths of the 60 youth associations of Ogba ethnic nationality, with sample size of 300, gotten through the use of Taro Yamane statistical relation. Questionnaire was the instrument adopted in collecting numerical data from respondents. Weighted Mean was used to analyze the research questions and hypotheses. Findings reveal that, there is high significant relationship between the processes admitted in SME business selection by the NGOs and eradicating poverty. It was recommended that government should provide the enabling environment and needed support in terms of finance, training, as well as material to this bodies (NGOs) since they are closer to the grassroots (local communities) to drive the needed socio-economic empowerment to lift the resources of this trained youths for a better tomorrow and become a more positive and productive community builders.
Online Service Packaging and Organizational Competitiveness of Fast-Food Firms in Port Harcourt
Authors:   Department of Marketing Faculty of Management Sciences University of Port Harcourt, Atuo Eucharia Chinasa
Published: February 2025

The study’s primary objective was to determine whether there was a connection between competitiveness and online service packaging. The 52 registered fast-food restaurants in Port Harcourt were surveyed, with data collected from upper-, middle-, and first-line management. The study included 52 fast food restaurants in Port Harcourt that were registered. 208 participants made up the study’s sample. Research participants were chosen using a convenience sample method that considered their level of education, work experience, dedication, and openness to participate. A total of 218 replies were obtained from the 52 fast-food companies, with 4 questionnaires issued to each. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software was used to analyze the data in this study using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. According to the study, fast food businesses in Port Harcourt can benefit from a strong relationship between online service packaging and indices of organizational competitiveness. As a result, fast food chains should routinely gauge customer satisfaction with the packaging of their online services to boost product and service competitiveness.
Corporate governance characteristics and timeliness of financial reporting of quoted non-financial firms in Nigeria: A Poisson regression method of analysis
Authors:   Department of Accounting, Federal University Otuoke, Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Egbadju Lawrence U. , Mansi Makeni E. ,   Department of Accounting, Federal University Otuoke, Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relationship between corporate governance and timeliness of financial reporting of quoted non-financial firms in Nigeria. The study uses secondarily sourced panel data over the period from 2008 to 2023 of 75 firms quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Exchange Group (NXG). The results of the Poisson regression method indicated that board size, board same surname, board financial expertise, institutional ownership, foreign ownership, top5 ownership or ownership concentration, top10 ownership or ownership concentration, founder & family ownership, inter-locking directorship, board national diversity and number of foreign directors are all negatively significant with timely statement. Board independence, board gender diversity, top20 ownership or ownership concentration, board compensation, board tribal diversity, number of board committees, chief executive officer (CEO) experience, CEO reputations, CEO age, CEO tenure are all positively significant with timely statement. Board meetings, board political connections, managerial ownership and CEO with military experience are insignificant. The study concludes with recommendations.
Program Calistung (Baca, Tulis Dan Hitung) Dengan Pendekatan Akademik Eksperiensial Untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Sosial Budaya Di Sanggar Bimbingan Kampung Gumut, Malaysia
Authors: Muzakir Muchammad Ibnu , Idham  , Rokimin
Published: February 2025

Malaysia menjadi negara yang dijadikan sebagai tempat terbanyak bagi para WNI untuk mencari pekerjaan. Sebagian dari PMI yang masuk melalui jalur ilegal, sehingga anak-anak PMI tersebut tidak dapat mendaftarkan diri untuk bersekolah. Sanggar Bimbingan Kampung Gumut adalah salah satu sekolah yang memberikan kesempatan untuk anak-anak PMI ilegal memperoleh pedidikan, namun sayangnya masih banyak anak-anak SB kampung Gumut yang masih belum bisa membaca, menulis, dan berhitung. Oleh karenan kegiatan KKN dilakukan disana dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca, menulis dan berhitung anak-anak SB kampung Gumut. Pelaksanaan KKN di SB Kampung Gumut dilaksanakan selama tanggal 17 Januari sampai 28 Januari 2024, dimana metode yang digunakan adalah persiapan, sosialisasi, pelaksanaan kegiatan dan observasi. Berdasarkan KKN yang telah dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa ada sekitar 23 anak-anak yang berada di SB Kampung Gumut. Anak- anak tesebut belum memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam calistung, membaca alquran dan membaca bacaan sholat. Sehingga penulis melakukan beberapa kegiatan sesuai dengan permasalahan tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil bimbingan yang telah dilakukan setelah dlakukan program calistung, anak-anak SB Kampung Gumut sudah bisa membaca, menulis dan berhitung tingkat dasar, serta sudah mampu membaca iqra dan melafazkan bacaan dengan baik.
Pengembangan Pemahaman Networking dan Internet Of Thing (IOT) Kepada Siswa-Siswi SMK Plus Al Musyarrofah Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Saputro Wahyu Joko , Tutik Lestari  , Supriadi Panggabean
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACK
The development of information and communication technology, especially in the field of computer networks (networking) and the Internet of Things (IoT), is a very important competency for Vocational High School (SMK) students. This Community Service (PkM) activity aims to improve the understanding and skills of SMK Plus Al Musyarrofah students, South Jakarta, in basic networking concepts, simple network configurations, and IoT applications. The training method includes providing theoretical materials, direct practice, and problem-based learning case simulations. The results of this activity show a significant increase in the level of student understanding of network topology, communication protocols, and simple implementation of IoT in everyday life. This activity is expected to be the first step in preparing students to face the needs of industry 4.0.
Pemberdayaan Kader Lansia Melalui Kemampuan Deteksi Dini Masalah Kesehatan Fisik Dan Psikososial Pada Lansia
Authors: Eko Arik Susmiatin  , Melani Kartika Sari  , Linda Ishariani  , Baghase Prasetyo  , Cindy Maya Nuari  , Dwi Nur Indah
Published: February 2025

Empowerment of elderly cadres is an important aspect in efforts to improve the welfare and quality of life of the elderly. One effective approach is through developing early detection skills for physical and psychosocial health problems This study aims to investigate ways to empower elderly cadres in this regard. Before the cadre empowerment activity in the form of education, 20 elderly cadres were measured. The results of the pre-test, which was tested for validity and reliability, showed that 85 persen dari cadre knowledge was in the poor category (with an average value of 59.5), while the education knowledge in the good category increased by 100%, with an average value of 85.83. Following the intervention, cadres' understanding of how to identify physical and mental health issues in the elderly has significantly increased. The experience of  cadres and appropriate and engaging teaching strategies enhance their capacity to identify physical and mental health issues in the elderly at an early stage. To ensure that health initiatives pertaining to the welfare and quality of life of the elderly are accomplished and that cadres' ability is maintained, this activity must be sustained with support and reinforcement from all parties involved.
PELATIHAN SEKOLAH SEHAT BAGI GURU DI TK ISLAM DARUNNAJAH
Authors: Dwi Puji Lestari
Published: February 2025

Pelatihan sekolah sehat bagi guru di TK Islam Darunnajah merupakan upaya strategis dalam meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan belajar yang sehat, aman, dan nyaman bagi anak usia dini. Guru memiliki peran penting dalam menanamkan kebiasaan hidup sehat serta menciptakan lingkungan sekolah yang mendukung perkembangan fisik, mental, dan sosial anak. Pelatihan ini bertujuan memberikan wawasan kepada para guru tentang pentingnya sekolah sehat serta langkah-langkah konkret dalam mewujudkannya . Metode pelatihan meliputi ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab, simulasi, dan evaluasi. Hasil pelatihan menunjukan guru mengalami peningkatan pemahaman dalam mengimplementasikan konsep sekolah sehat di sekolah. Dengan adanya pelatihan ini, diharapkan tercipta budaya sekolah sehat yang berkelanjutan, sehingga anak-anak dapat tumbuh dan berkembang secara optimal dalam lingkungan yang mendukung kesejahteraan mereka.
Bioremediation based on palm oil sludge as an intervention for heavy metal pollution risk in industrial residential
Authors: Azrial Fahmi , Sahdan Fahrizal , Putri Okta Angelia , Listiana Ika
Published: February 2025

Background: The palm oil industry in Indonesia, often pollution the environment, especially water bodies, with waste containing hazardous metals. This can threaten the lives of aquatic organisms and damage ecosystems. Although the palm oil industry has become a pillar of the national economy with production reaching 46,986 tons in 2023, the waste problems generated, especially palm oil sludge, demand innovative and sustainable solutions. The limitations of existing technologies in handling heavy metal pollution drive the need for an interdisciplinary approach that not only reduces environmental risks but also provides economic added value through circular economy concepts and local resource empowerment. The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of palm oil sludge-based bioremediation stones in the process of heavy metal adsorption. Methods: This study was conducted through descriptive analytical literature review with a qualitative approach. Findings: The results show that palm oil sludge-based bioremediation stones have microporosity characteristics and complex chemical compositions capable of absorbing heavy metals with efficiency reaching 85-92%. This innovation not only offers sustainable solutions, but also provides multidimensional benefits, including reduced public health risks and the creation of circular economic models. Conclusion: Through activation with sulfuric acid, the potential for heavy metal absorption can be increased by up to 35%, which implies a 70% reduction in environmental contamination in industrial areas. Novelty/Originality of this article: This innovation integrates an interdisciplinary approach combining environmental science, chemistry, and resource management, potentially creating a replicable risk intervention model for industrial areas, with economic value.
Impacto de la Inteligencia Artificial en la Transformación Digital y Aprendizaje Educativo
Authors: Tumbaco Reyes Alfredo Ramón
Published: February 2025

This article explores the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on digital transformation and educational learning, evaluating its effectiveness through an experimental design with control and experimental groups. A quantitative approach was used, conducting statistical tests such as ANOVA and t-tests for independent samples, finding significant differences in academic performance between students who used AI-based tools, such as ChatGPT, Copilot, and Gamma, and those who did not. The results showed an average increase of 18.1 points in the experimental group compared to 2.2 points in the control group, with a p-value < 0.05, validating the positive impact of AI on performance. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis, based on semi-structured interviews, revealed that students perceived improvements in content understanding and greater autonomy in their learning. Overall satisfaction with the AI tools was notably higher in the experimental group, highlighting student motivation and engagement. These findings suggest that the integration of AI not only enhances academic performance but also supports personalized and adaptive learning, although challenges are identified, such as the need to balance the development of technical and interpersonal skills and overcoming technological and cultural barriers.
Identifying Students' Difficulties in Reading Comprehension Tests
Authors: Wardani Happy Kusuma , Fanny Maulidatus Syukriyah  , Bariqotul Hidayah
Published: February 2025

Reading comprehension is a vital skill that students need to develop. However, the reality reveals that students still face difficulties in Reading Comprehension Tests. This study aims to identify the difficulties students encounter in Reading Comprehension tests and the underlying factors contributing to these difficulties. It adopts a qualitative approach and focuses on the 26 tenth graders of MA Ma’arif Miftahul Ulum Melirang as the subjects. To accomplish this, ten types of reading comprehension tests were administered to identify the students’ difficulties in reading comprehension tests. Then, students were provided with questionnaires to elicit their opinions on factors influencing their difficulties in reading comprehension tests. The results revealed that students struggle the most with the Free-Recall test. The Summary test came next as the second most challenging, followed by the gap-filling test, Ordering Tasks, and Editing Test. Additionally, the main scores achieved by students in these five tests fell below the 60-point mark with many students obtaining the lowest scores in them. Therefore, English teachers need to provide effective reading comprehension techniques, focusing on strategies to help students overcome challenges in understanding English texts.
Exploring Undergraduate Students’ Experience in Translation Activity in Poetry Class
Authors: Larasaty Gina , Fakruddin Afief
Published: February 2025

Learning poetry is not easy, especially when it comes to understanding poetry. In understanding a poem, students usually do translating activities to help them obtain information and the main message. This study aims to discover the students' experience and difficulties in poetry translation in the poetry classroom. The participants of this study were The Wiralodra University students who took Poetry Classes. The researcher used the qualitative method to analyze the data in this study. The results showed the students experience difficulty in poetry translation. The students' responses find poetry translation difficult and never do it apart in a poetry class. Some problems that students face in poetry translation such as: finding equivalent words, translating culture, maintaining poetic structure, understanding metaphorical expressions, and maintaining melodic elements. Then, holding the melody element dominated the student's difficulty in poetry translation, followed by maintaining poetic structure and understanding metaphorical experience. As the solution that they preferred predominated, they ignored the problems and continued to overcome their challenges in translating poetry with ease. The suggestion for further research is to explore the reasons for their preferred solution to overcome the problem in poetry translation.
Deixis Analysis in Podcast Zach Sang Show YouTube Channel: Selena Gomez Talks Music, Mental Health and Finding Happiness (2020)
Authors: Mukhyar Trya Indah Lestari , Afriana Afriana
Published: February 2025

Pragmatics explores the relationship between language and the users of language. Deixis concerns with the use of expression within some utterances to refer to some portion that contains the utterance. The objective of this study is to identify the types of deixis in a podcast Zach sang show YouTube channel. This research was used qualitative methods. The data analysis was performed by categorizing data based on the theory from Levinson  (1997) that include person deixis, time deixis, place deixis , discourse deixis and social deixis. There are 1.167 raw data items. However, the researchers analyzed eighteen data based on the types of deixis.  The use of person deixis contained six data, four data contained time deixis, two data contained discourse, and two data contained social deixis for the result of this research. Person deixis is dominant than the other types. Meanwhile, social deixis appeared less frequently because the context is not widely used in that context. This suggests a significant focus on individual references, highlighting the crucial role of personal connections in shaping the podcast’s discourse.
Lexical Cohesion Analysis of Will Smith’s Full Interview with Ellen
Authors: Sagala Juni Arta , Mubarak Zia Hisni
Published: February 2025

This study's objective is to determine the types of lexical cohesion employed in "Will Smith's Full Interview with Ellen" based on Haliday & Hasan (1976) lexical cohesion theory. This study employs a qualitative methodology that focuses on repetition, synonym, antonym, meronym, and hyponym types of lexical cohesion. Data were gathered by the researcher through observation and note-taking methods. The "Will Smith's Full Interview with Ellen" contains all the lexical cohesion types that were the subject of this investigation. The researcher discovered nine repetitions, three synonyms, two antonyms, and one hyponym. It follows that Repetition exhibits the highest level of lexical cohesion throughout "Will Smith's Full Interview with Ellen".” The speaker tends to repeat words, phrases, or sentences, which the researcher discovered from the data that has been evaluated.  The conclusion from the concept of lexical cohesion is that the use of lexically or semantically related words in a text has a positive impact on the connectedness, fluency, and clarity of communication. Lexical cohesion helps build strong connections between parts of the text, ensures a consistent flow of thought, and improves reader comprehension.
Challenges in Developing High-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS): A Study of EFL Students' Thesis Statement in Writing Essay
Authors: Salmiati Salmiati , Amri Samsul , Syafrizal Syafrizal
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the challenges encountered by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students in developing High-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), with a specific focus on the formulation of thesis statements in essay writing. As proficient essay writing necessitates the application of critical thinking skills, we examine the hurdles faced by EFL students during this cognitive process. Through a comprehensive analysis, this research sheds light on the specific difficulties and explores potential avenues for enhancing HOTS development in the context of thesis statement construction. The findings contribute valuable insights to pedagogical strategies aimed at fostering advanced cognitive skills among EFL learners. Thus, this study tried to analyze students’ thesis statement . The results of analysis revealed that students’ thesis statements could be categorized into good thesis statements. Based on the 14 students’ thesis statement in their essay the students’ score got 70.71, with categories as good.  And the results also show that the average level of the students’ analyzing (C4) tends to be higher compared than the evaluating (C5) and creating (C6) levels, namely 85.71 (C4), 78.57 (C5), and 55.35 (C6).
An Analysis of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Steve Harvey TV Show Conversation: Discourse Analysis Approach
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Arsyad , Ambalegin ambalegin
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of grammatical cohesion contained in the Steve Harvey TV Show. Then, the conversation was analyzed and classified by applying the theory of Halliday and Hasan (1976) to the data source. The method of this research, the researchers used was descriptive qualitative method. The data collection technique of this research, the researchers were using observation. The researchers found the entire total of this study amounted to fifteen data. ten data personal, two conjunctions, and three demonstrative. Researchers hope that with this research, readers can understand and can be used as reference material in making research. And researchers hope that this research can support other studies.
Students’ Progress in Writing a Recount Genre; A Case Study at One of Junior High Schools in Tembilahan, Riau Province
Authors: Rahmatunnisa Rahmatunnisa , Putra Edi Susrianto Indra
Published: February 2025

The Competence-Based Curriculum stated that the students must be able to communicate in English with each other, both in spoken and written languages by using appropriate variety of languages within transactional and monolog discourse, including Narrative, Recount, Descriptive, Report, and Anecdote. This study tried to explore the students’ progress in writing a Recount genre and what teaching and learning activities in which might lead to students’ progress.  The present study was largely qualitative. The participants of the study were the eighth grade students and one teacher at one junior high school in Tembilahan, Riau Province. In order to gain valid data the study employed triangulation of data collection method in terms of students’ texts, classroom observation, and interview. The data were analyzed qualitatively with the help of some quantitative calculation. First, data from students’ texts were analyzed qualitatively to identify the schematic structure and thematic structure, and they were also analyzed quantitatively in terms of frequency and percentage to identify the tendency of linguistic feature occurrences. Second, data from classroom observation and interview were analyzed qualitatively. Next, data from observation were summarized and classified, and data from interview were transcribed and classified according the research questions.  Finally data from the three sources were synthesized to answer the research questions. It is found that the students showed progress in writing a Recount genre. Data from the analysis of students’ writing showed that the students were able to create a Recount text with appropriate schematic structure and linguistic features. Additionally, they also applied good thematic structure in joint construction text and final text. Data from classroom observation showed that the students improved their attitude in writing activities from the first meeting to the sixth one. Data from interview with the teacher also showed that the students made meaningful progress in which they made fewer mistakes in grammar and punctuation. The teacher also said that the students used more appropriate English expressions. The findings of the study also reveal that the teacher employed genre based approach which involved: BKOF, MOT, JCOT, and ICOT stages. And the teaching and learning activities which lead to the students’ progress in writing Recount genre are the activities in BKOF, MOT, and JCOT. The results of this study are expected to provide information on the actual condition of teaching and learning activities in writing a Recount genre. They may also become useful sources for English teacher to investigate students’ progress and to provide informative input for other researchers who intend to conduct research in the same field with certain interest.
The Relevance of Anxiety and Mindfulness in Joe Eurell's The Shooter’s Moment of Mindfulness
Authors: Pasopati Rommel Utungga , Camila Myrilla Shafa , Kartiningsih Rindrah , Wijaya Kusuma
Published: February 2025

This paper exposes anxiety and its coping mechanism towards mindfulness in Joe Eurell’s flash fiction entitled The Shooter’s Moment of Mindfulness. This paper employs qualitative method with closed reading as data collection technique and content analysis as data analysis technique. Through Freud’s paradigm of reality anxiety, the story is analyzed to explore the protagonist’s disturbances of mood, as well as of thinking, behavior, and physiological activities. The main character’s experiences in combat scenarios highlights how the protagonist’s mindfulness moments function as a temporary situation from the anxieties rooted in external dangers, unconscious conflicts, and moral dilemmas. In conclusion, anxiety is always temporary while mindfulness remains forever. Psychological turmoil could always be coped up with ideas and practices of prolonged mindfulness.
Professional English Teacher Competence and Its Relation to 21st Century Skills and Learning
Authors: Melliofatria Melliofatria , Jannatul Jannah Wirda , Corrina Fatti
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to find out what the teacher's duties are and what competencies a teacher must have because the challenges of the   21st century demand many things so that the teacher becomes someone who has multiple roles. The method used in this study is the systematic review method. The results obtained are that in the   21st century, the role of a teacher is to renew the quality of learning, assist students in developing participation, make adjustments to personalized learning, emphasize project and problem-based learning, and motivate students to work together and communicate.
Grammatical Cohesive Devices Errors Found in Senior High School Students’ Narrative Text
Authors: Ida Ayu Regina Cahyani , I Gst. Ayu Gde Sosiowati , A.A.Sg. Shanti Sari Dewi
Published: February 2025

Senior high school involves students to deal with more complex language rules and expressing ideas in a more sophisticated way. Consequently, senior high school students are inevitably prone to errors in their English writing, particularly in the aspect of creating cohesive and coherent text. This study aims at identifying the types and causes of grammatical cohesive devices errors found in the narrative texts written by senior high school students.  This study was conducted using descriptive qualitative method. Documentation method utilized by a checklist instrument and note-taking technique were used to collect the data. The method for presenting the data analysis in this study was informal method. In analysing the data, this study employed the theory from Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982) to analyse the types of the grammatical cohesive errors and Richards theory (1973) to analyse the causes of the errors. The results show that all types of grammatical cohesive devices errors were found in the texts. The type of the error was dominated by the omission of reference. The interlingual factor caused the omission and misordering of references. The errors caused by intralingual factor including overgeneralization, incomplete application of rules, ignorance of rules restriction, and false concept hypothesized. These instances of errors disrupt the clarity of the text and the readers’ comprehension. Therefore, study's findings reveal that senior high school students face significant challenges in using grammatical cohesive devices effectively in their narrative writing.
The Role of Technology in Teaching Ending Sound –s/-es Pronunciation: EFL Perception
Authors: Maspufah  , Afriyeni Yeni , Ariati Jumerli , Zuriati Diana
Published: February 2025

Pronunciation has been regarded as the most challenging aspect of language teaching and learning. EFL learners faced difficulties in perceiving, producing, and mastering the intricate sound patterns of a new language, which can lead to communication breakdowns and reduced intelligibility. The use of learners-made tutorial videos in teaching pronunciation might overcome some of these challenges. This research aimed to find out learners’ perception of the role of technology in teaching ending sounds –s/es pronunciation through learners' self-made tutorial video. The research used descriptive qualitative method. The sample was taken by purposive sampling technique. Ten learners from the first semester of 2023/2024 academic year from a private public college in Pekanbaru were taken as the sample. The instrument used to collect data was questionaire from google form. The data were analyzed by using three data analysis theories. After analyzing the data, it was found that technology helped learners to be more responsible in studying, gain more knowledge beyond what the lecturer taught in the class, learn independently, encourage them to exchange knowledge with their classmate, and improve their English skill through making self tutorial videos in pronouncing –s/-es ending sound. Thus, it can be concluded that learners had a positive perception on the role of technology in teaching pronunciation especially in pronouncing –s/-es ending sound. Regarding the positive perception on the role of technology in teaching ending sound –s/-es perception, it is suggested to lecturers as well as English teachers to optimize the role of technology in teaching not only ending sound –s/-es, but also other aspects of pronunciation.
Adverb of Manner and Its Translation Found in the Novel “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz”
Authors: Juliarta I Made , Wirawan I Gede Nika
Published: February 2025

This research study aimed to analyze the form of adverb of manner and its translation analysis found in the data source. This research study used the theory proposed by Brown and Miller (1991) in analyzing the tree diagram of adverb of manner and the theory of translation shift that was proposed by Catford in analyzing the types of translation in translating from source language into target language. Library research was the method used in collecting the data of  adverb of manner and its translation found in the data source. The method used in analyzing data of adverb of manner was qualitative method. The data of adverb of manner were taken from the novel entitled “The Wonderful Wizad of Oz” written by W.W Denslow. The researcher of this study found that there was one adverb of manner found in the initial position and five adverbs of manner that were placed in the final position. Adverb of manner found in the data source was an adjective followed by ly- suffix. They were adverb of manner that could be filled in the sentence structure in the form of adverb of manner. Adverbs of manner are integral to the narrative style of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Translating them effectively ensures the target audience experiences the same tone, atmosphere, and character portrayal as the original readers.