bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compression‐Induced Anomalous Subsidence in the Extensional Sedimentary Basin: A Numerical Study From the Pearl River Mouth Basin, Northern South China Sea Margin
Authors: Li Fucheng , Sun Zhen , Ding Weiwei , Yang Hongfeng , Xie Hui , Pang Xiong , Li Hongbo , Zheng Jinyun
Published: September 2021

Compressional uplift has long been considered as the basic response to basin inversion. However, significant discrepancies are recently observed in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), where anomalous subsidence occurs during the Miocene compression phase. Whether the subsidence is another scenario that is associated with the tectonic inversion under certain circumstances remains unknown. Here we conduct systematic numerical modeling to explore the patterns of rift basin evolution from extension to compression. Our results show that two distinct inversion types develop depending on the stretching degree and tectonic quiescence. A less stretched continental crust would facilitate the uplift of basin center accompanied by erosion during shortening; otherwise, the basin center exhibits anomalous subsidence with abundant sediment accumulation. We further demonstrate that these two contrasting types, consistent with the Miocene evolutionary pathways of the eastern and western PRMB, respectively, are strongly conditioned by the along‐strike variation of stretching degree during extension.
Late Miocene Onset of Tasman Leakage and Southern Hemisphere Supergyre Ushers in Near‐Modern Circulation
Authors: Christensen Beth A. , De Vleeschouwer David , Henderiks Jorijntje , Groeneveld Jeroen , Auer Gerald , Drury Anna Joy , Karatsolis Boris Theofanis , Lyu Jing , Betzler Christian , Eberli Gregor P. , Kroon Dick
Published: September 2021

This study provides a Miocene‐to‐recent history of Tasman Leakage (TL), driving surface‐to‐intermediate waters from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean. TL, in addition to Indonesian ThroughFlow (ITF), constitutes an important part of the Southern Hemisphere Supergyre. Here, we employ deep‐sea benthic δ13C timeseries from the southwestern Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans to identify the history of Tasman Leakage. The δ13C results combined with sedimentary evidence show that an inter‐ocean connection south of Australia existed from 7 Ma onward. A southward shift in Westerlies combined with a northward movement of Australia created the oceanic corridor necessary for Tasman Leakage (between Australia and the sub‐Antarctic Front) at this time. Furthermore, changes in the northern limb of the Supergyre (ITF) are evident in the sedimentary record on Broken Ridge from ∼3 to 2 Ma when Banda Sea intermediate waters started originating from the North Pacific.
A single-cell atlas of liver metastases of colorectal cancer reveals reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment in response to preoperative chemotherapy
Authors: Che Li-Heng , Liu Jing-Wen , Huo Jian-Ping , Luo Rong , Xu Rui-Ming , He Cai , Li Yu-Qing , Zhou Ai-Jun , Huang Piao , Chen Yong-Yu , Ni Wen , Zhou Yun-Xia , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Li Hui-Yan , Zhou Rong , Mo Hui , Li Jian-Ming
Published: September 2021

Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. How to improve therapeutic options for patients with metastatic CRC is the core question for CRC treatment. However, the complexity and diversity of stromal context of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in liver metastases of CRC have not been fully understood, and the influence of stromal cells on response to chemotherapy is unclear. Here we performed an in-depth analysis of the transcriptional landscape of primary CRC, matched liver metastases and blood at single-cell resolution, and a systematic examination of transcriptional changes and phenotypic alterations of the TME in response to preoperative chemotherapy (PC). Based on 111,292 single-cell transcriptomes, our study reveals that TME of treatment-naïve tumors is characterized by the higher abundance of less-activated B cells and higher heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). By contrast, in tumors treated with PC, we found activation of B cells, lower diversity of TAMs with immature and less activated phenotype, lower abundance of both dysfunctional T cells and ECM-remodeling cancer-associated fibroblasts, and an accumulation of myofibroblasts. Our study provides a foundation for future investigation of the cellular mechanisms underlying liver metastasis of CRC and its response to PC, and opens up new possibilities for the development of therapeutic strategies for CRC.
Single-nuclei transcriptomes from human adrenal gland reveal distinct cellular identities of low and high-risk neuroblastoma tumors
Authors: Bedoya-Reina O. C. , Li W. , Arceo M. , Plescher M. , Bullova P. , Pui H. , Kaucka M. , Kharchenko P. , Martinsson T. , Holmberg J. , Adameyko I. , Deng Q. , Larsson C. , Juhlin C. C. , Kogner P. , Schlisio S.
Published: September 2021

Childhood neuroblastoma has a remarkable variability in outcome. Age at diagnosis is one of the most important prognostic factors, with children less than 1 year old having favorable outcomes. Here we study single-cell and single-nuclei transcriptomes of neuroblastoma with different clinical risk groups and stages, including healthy adrenal gland. We compare tumor cell populations with embryonic mouse sympatho-adrenal derivatives, and post-natal human adrenal gland. We provide evidence that low and high-risk neuroblastoma have different cell identities, representing two disease entities. Low-risk neuroblastoma presents a transcriptome that resembles sympatho- and chromaffin cells, whereas malignant cells enriched in high-risk neuroblastoma resembles a subtype of TRKB+ cholinergic progenitor population identified in human post-natal gland. Analyses of these populations reveal different gene expression programs for worst and better survival in correlation with age at diagnosis. Our findings reveal two cellular identities and a composition of human neuroblastoma tumors reflecting clinical heterogeneity and outcome.
Proximity proteomics identifies PAK4 as a component of Afadin–Nectin junctions
Authors: Baskaran Yohendran , Tay Felicia Pei-Ling , Ng Elsa Yuen Wai , Swa Claire Lee Foon , Wee Sheena , Gunaratne Jayantha , Manser Edward
Published: September 2021

Human PAK4 is an ubiquitously expressed p21-activated kinase which acts downstream of Cdc42. Since PAK4 is enriched in cell-cell junctions, we probed the local protein environment around the kinase with a view to understanding its location and substrates. We report that U2OS cells expressing PAK4-BirA-GFP identify a subset of 27 PAK4-proximal proteins that are primarily cell-cell junction components. Afadin/AF6 showed the highest relative biotin labelling and links to the nectin family of homophilic junctional proteins. Reciprocally >50% of the PAK4-proximal proteins were identified by Afadin BioID. Co-precipitation experiments failed to identify junctional proteins, emphasizing the advantage of the BioID method. Mechanistically PAK4 depended on Afadin for its junctional localization, which is similar to the situation in Drosophila. A highly ranked PAK4-proximal protein LZTS2 was immuno-localized with Afadin at cell-cell junctions. Though PAK4 and Cdc42 are junctional, BioID analysis did not yield conventional cadherins, indicating their spatial segregation. To identify cellular PAK4 substrates we then assessed rapid changes (12’) in phospho-proteome after treatment with two PAK inhibitors. Among the PAK4-proximal junctional proteins seventeen PAK4 sites were identified. We anticipate mammalian group II PAKs are selective for the Afadin/nectin sub-compartment, with a demonstrably distinct localization from tight and cadherin junctions.
Magnetic skyrmion braids
Authors: Zheng Fengshan , Rybakov Filipp N. , Kiselev Nikolai S. , Song Dongsheng , Kovács András , Du Haifeng , Blügel Stefan , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E.
Published: September 2021

Skyrmions are vortex-like spin textures that form strings in magnetic crystals. Due to the analogy to elastic strings, skyrmion strings are naturally expected to braid and form complex three-dimensional patterns, but this phenomenon has not been explored yet. We found that skyrmion strings can form braids in cubic crystals of chiral magnets. This finding is confirmed by direct observations of skyrmion braids in B20-type FeGe using transmission electron microscopy. The theoretical analysis predicts that the discovered phenomenon is general for a wide family of chiral magnets. These findings have important implications for skyrmionics and propose a solid-state framework for applications of the mathematical theory of braids.
Automatically disambiguating medical acronyms with ontology-aware deep learning
Authors: Skreta Marta , Arbabi Aryan , Wang Jixuan , Drysdale Erik , Kelly Jacob , Singh Devin , Brudno Michael
Published: September 2021

Modern machine learning (ML) technologies have great promise for automating diverse clinical and research workflows; however, training them requires extensive hand-labelled datasets. Disambiguating abbreviations is important for automated clinical note processing; however, broad deployment of ML for this task is restricted by the scarcity and imbalance of labeled training data. In this work we present a method that improves a model’s ability to generalize through novel data augmentation techniques that utilizes information from biomedical ontologies in the form of related medical concepts, as well as global context information within the medical note. We train our model on a public dataset (MIMIC III) and test its performance on automatically generated and hand-labelled datasets from different sources (MIMIC III, CASI, i2b2). Together, these techniques boost the accuracy of abbreviation disambiguation by up to 17% on hand-labeled data, without sacrificing performance on a held-out test set from MIMIC III.
Transport in helical Luttinger liquids in the fractional quantum Hall regime
Authors: Wang Ying , Ponomarenko Vadim , Wan Zhong , West Kenneth W. , Baldwin Kirk W. , Pfeiffer Loren N. , Lyanda-Geller Yuli , Rokhinson Leonid P.
Published: September 2021

Domain walls in fractional quantum Hall ferromagnets are gapless helical one-dimensional channels formed at the boundaries of topologically distinct quantum Hall (QH) liquids. Naïvely, these helical domain walls (hDWs) constitute two counter-propagating chiral states with opposite spins. Coupled to an s-wave superconductor, helical channels are expected to lead to topological superconductivity with high order non-Abelian excitations1–3. Here we investigate transport properties of hDWs in the ν = 2/3 fractional QH regime. Experimentally we found that current carried by hDWs is substantially smaller than the prediction of the naïve model. Luttinger liquid theory of the system reveals redistribution of currents between quasiparticle charge, spin and neutral modes, and predicts the reduction of the hDW current. Inclusion of spin-non-conserving tunneling processes reconciles theory with experiment. The theory confirms emergence of spin modes required for the formation of fractional topological superconductivity.
Targeting the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway suppresses CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer
Authors: Lin Jianhuang , Liu Heng , Fukumoto Takeshi , Zundell Joseph , Yan Qingqing , Tang Chih-Hang Anthony , Wu Shuai , Zhou Wei , Guo Dajiang , Karakashev Sergey , Hu Chih-Chi Andrew , Sarma Kavitha , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Zhang Rugang
Published: September 2021

CARM1 is often overexpressed in human cancers including in ovarian cancer. However, therapeutic approaches based on CARM1 expression remain to be an unmet need. Cancer cells exploit adaptive responses such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response for their survival through activating pathways such as the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway. Here, we report that CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer cells are selectively sensitive to inhibition of the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway. CARM1 regulates XBP1s target gene expression and directly interacts with XBP1s during ER stress response. Inhibition of the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway was effective against ovarian cancer in a CARM1-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft models. In addition, IRE1α inhibitor B-I09 synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade anti-PD1 antibody in an immunocompetent CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer model. Our data show that pharmacological inhibition of the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway alone or in combination with immune checkpoint blockade represents a therapeutic strategy for CARM1-expressing cancers.
Sex-specific normal values and determinants of infrarenal abdominal aortic diameter among non-aneurysmal elderly population
Authors: Zhu Fang , Arshi Banafsheh , Ikram M. Arfan , De Knegt Robert J. , Kavousi Maryam
Published: September 2021

To establish age- and sex-specific distribution of the infrarenal abdominal aortic diameters (IAD) among non-aneurysmal elderly population and to investigate the associations between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and IAD in men and women. We included 4032 participants (mean age 67.2 years; 60.4% women) from the population-based Rotterdam Study, free of cardiovascular disease, who underwent IAD ultrasound assessment between 2009–2014. Linear regression analysis was used to identify determinants of IAD. The medians (inter-quartile range) of absolute IAD and body surface area (BSA)-adjusted IAD were 17.0 (15.0–18.0) mm and 9.3 (8.5–10.2) mm for women and 19.0 (18.0–21.0) mm and 9.4 (8.6–10.3) mm for men, respectively. There was a non-linear relationship between age and IAD. IAD increased steeply with advancing age and up to 70 years. After around 75 years of age, the diameter values reached a plateau. Waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure were associated with larger diameters in both sexes. Body mass index [Effect estimate (95% CI): 0.04 (0.00 to 0.08)], systolic blood pressure [− 0.01(− 0.02 to 0.00)], current smoking [0.35 (0.06 to 0.65)], total cholesterol levels [− 0.21 (− 0.31 to − 0.11)], and lipid-lowering medication [− 0.43 (− 0.67 to − 0.19)] were significantly associated with IAD in women. Sex differences in IAD values diminished after taking BSA into account. The increase in diameters was attenuated after 70 years. Differences were observed in the associations of several cardiovascular risk factors with IAD among men and women.
Comparative transcriptional profiling of canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma and homology with human ameloblastoma
Authors: Peralta Santiago , Duhamel Gerald E. , Katt William P. , Heikinheimo Kristiina , Miller Andrew D. , Ahmed Faraz , McCleary-Wheeler Angela L. , Grenier Jennifer K.
Published: September 2021

Ameloblastomas are odontogenic tumors that are rare in people but have a relatively high prevalence in dogs. Because canine acanthomatous ameloblastomas (CAA) have clinicopathologic and molecular features in common with human ameloblastomas (AM), spontaneous CAA can serve as a useful translational model of disease. However, the molecular basis of CAA and how it compares to AM are incompletely understood.In this study, we compared the global genomic expression profile of CAA with AM and evaluated its dental origin by using a bulk RNA-seq approach. For these studies, healthy gingiva and canine oral squamous cell carcinoma served as controls. We found that aberrant RAS signaling, and activation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition cellular program are involved in the pathogenesis of CAA, and that CAA is enriched with genes known to be upregulated in AM including those expressed during the early stages of tooth development, suggesting a high level of molecular homology. These results support the model that domestic dogs with spontaneous CAA have potential for pre-clinical assessment of targeted therapeutic modalities against AM.
Gate energy efficiency and negative capacitance in ferroelectric 2D/2D TFET from cryogenic to high temperatures
Authors: Kamaei Sadegh , Saeidi Ali , Gastaldi Carlotta , Rosca Teodor , Capua Luca , Cavalieri Matteo , Ionescu Adrian M.
Published: September 2021

We report the fabrication process and performance characterization of a fully integrated ferroelectric gate stack in a WSe2/SnSe2Tunnel FETs (TFETs). The energy behavior of the gate stack during charging and discharging, together with the energy loss of a switching cycle and gate energy efficiency factor are experimentally extracted over a broad range of temperatures, from cryogenic temperature (77 K) up to 100 °C. The obtained results confirm that the linear polarizability is maintained over all the investigated range of temperature, being inversely proportional to the temperatureTof the ferroelectric stack. We show that a lower-hysteresis behavior is a sine-qua-non condition for an improved energy efficiency, suggesting the high interest in a true NC operation regime. A pulsed measurement technique shows the possibility to achieve a hysteresis-free negative capacitance (NC) effect on ferroelectric 2D/2D TFETs. This enables sub-15 mV dec−1point subthreshold slope, 20 mV dec−1average swing over two decades of current,IONof the order of 100 nA µm−2andION/IOFF > 104atVd= 1 V. Moreover, an average swing smaller than 10 mV dec−1over 1.5 decades of current is also obtained in a NC TFET with a hysteresis of 1 V. An analog current efficiency factor, up to 50 and 100 V−1, is achieved in hysteresis-free NC-TFETs. The reported results highlight that operating a ferroelectric gate stack steep slope switch in the NC may allow combined switching energy efficiency and low energy loss, in the hysteresis-free regime.
Tuning the thermoresponsive properties of PEG-based fluorinated polymers and stimuli responsive drug release for switchable 19F magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Usman Adil , Zhang Cheng , Zhao Jiacheng , Peng Hui , Kurniawan Nyoman D. , Fu Changkui , Hill David J. T. , Whittaker Andrew K.
Published: September 2021

Switching on of the 19F MRI signal via stimuli-responsive release of hydrophobic drug from PEG-based partly-fluorinated polymers due to change in thermoresponsive properties.
Oncogenic KRAS G12D mutation promotes dimerization through a second, phosphatidylserine–dependent interface: a model for KRAS oligomerization
Authors: Lee Ki-Young , Enomoto Masahiro , Gebregiworgis Teklab , Gasmi-Seabrook Geneviève M. C. , Ikura Mitsuhiko , Marshall Christopher B.
Published: September 2021

Studies of membrane-dependent dimerization of KRAS on nanodiscs using paramagnetic NMR titrations and mutagenesis revealed a novel asymmetric ‘α–β’ interface that provides a potential mechanism for the enhanced assembly of KRAS–G12D nanoclusters.
Experiences With Hearing Health Care Services: What Can We Learn From Online Consumer Reviews?
Authors: Manchaiah Vinaya , Bennett Rebecca J. , Ratinaud Pierre , Swanepoel De Wet
Published: September 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine experiences of hearing health care services as described in online consumer reviews.

Design

This study used a cross-sectional design. Online consumer reviews about hearing health care services generated from
Google.com
to an open-ended question “Share details of your own experience at this place” and perceived overall experience (indicated on a 5-point rating scale: “very good” to “very poor”) were extracted from 40 different cities across the United States. The open text contributed a text corpus of 9,622 unique consumer reviews. These responses were analyzed with the cluster analysis approach using an open-source automated text analysis software program, IRaMuTeQ, to identify key themes. Association between clusters and consumer experience ratings as well as consumer metadata (percentage of older adults in the city, region) were examined using the chi-square analysis.

Results

The majority of consumers appeared satisfied with their hearing health care services, with nearly 95% of consumers reporting “very good” and “good” on the global experience scale. The analysis of text responses resulted in seven clusters within two domains. Domain 1 (Clinical Processes) included the three clusters:
administration processes, perceived benefits,
and
device acquisition.
Domain 2 (Staff and Service Interactions) included the four clusters:
clinician communications, staff professionalism
,
customer service,
and
provider satisfaction
. Content relating to
administration processes
was associated with overall rating regarding the hearing health care service experience. Consumer's reviews relating to
administration processes
mostly described negative experiences, and these participants were more inclined to provide poorer overall experience ratings. In addition, city characteristics (i.e., percentage of older adults, region) had bearing toward what elements of hearing health care services are highlighted more in the consumer reviews.

Conclusions

Consumers comment on a variety of elements when describing their experiences with hearing health care services. Experiences reported in most clusters were generally positive, although some concerns in the “clinical process” are associated with lower satisfaction. Employing patient-centered strategies and ensuring patients have good experiences in the areas of concern may help improve both patient experience and their satisfaction.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16455924
Speech, Language, and Communication Deficits and Intervention in a Single Case of Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: Brennan Christine , Weintraub Haley , Tennant Sherri , Meyers Christina
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The current literature on pediatric autoimmune encephalitis (AE) focuses on medical identification/diagnosis and medical treatments. Data about the identification and treatment of communication disorders in these children are limited. This clinical focus article provides an example of the speech, language, and communication characteristics, intervention, and recovery of a single child with medical diagnoses of pediatric AE and pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) and special education eligibility under the autism spectrum disorder category.

Method

This is an in-depth illustrative/descriptive case study. Medical, educational, and speech-language documentation of one child diagnosed with AE at age 7 years was reviewed. Methods included interviews with family members, teachers, and the school speech-language pathologist and reviews of documentation including evaluations, reports, and Individualized Education Programs.

Results

This child received special education and therapy services through his public school and a university speech-language clinic. He concurrently received medical treatment for AE and PANS. Comprehensive augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention included the use of core words, modeling, parallel talk, self-talk, expansive recasts, shared book reading, family counseling, and collaboration with the parents and the school speech-language pathologist. The child made progress on all goals despite irregular attendance to therapy due to medical complications.

Discussion

Because experimental research including this population is currently limited, this descriptive case study provides valuable information to clinicians, educators, pediatricians, medical diagnosticians, and anyone providing services to a child with a complex neuropsychological disorder like AE. Future research is needed with more children who have AE, especially experimental investigations of the intervention methods utilized here. Additional research of more children with AE can provide information about the scope and severity of speech, language, and communication needs and the trajectory of recovery given AAC intervention.
The Assessment of Possible Cluttering in Japanese Adults Who Stutter: Analyzing the Ratio of Disfluencies
Authors: Iimura Daichi , Miyamoto Shoko
Published: September 2021

Purpose

In this study, we investigated the classification of cluttering by assessing speech based on the ratio of disfluencies (RDF) and attempted to identify cluttering and cluttering–stuttering by classifying disfluencies according to previous studies and the Japanese Standardized Test for Stuttering. We further investigated the factors that contribute to the occurrence of disfluency by comparing the disfluencies of three tasks (spontaneous speech, oral reading, and retelling a memorized story) and examining the relationship between RDF and speech rate.

Method

The participants comprised 20 Japanese adults who stutter. Participants were required to perform an oral reading task, retelling a memorized story task, and a spontaneous speech task. We subsequently classified their disfluencies and calculated the RDF (normal disfluencies that are often observed in cluttering/stuttering-like disfluencies).

Results

About half of the participants met the cluttering criteria, that is, an RDF of above 3. Analyzing speech disfluencies revealed that a high RDF is associated with fewer stuttering-like disfluencies that increase the denominator of the RDF formula or many “interjections” that make its numerator smaller.

Conclusions

These tendencies of speech disfluencies could influence cluttering identification. We should further utilize the RDF considering the findings of this study.
Les gènes des enfants de Tchernobyl
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: September 2021

Transgenerational effects have long been expected in children from parents exposed to radiation from atomic bombs in Japan in 1945 or from the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. These effects have in fact proven hard to detect. A new large-scale study based on high-quality whole genome sequencing of father/mother/child trios in which the parental radiation dose is known now demonstrates that the rate of new mutations (50/70 per generation) is not detectably increased when comparing irradiated and non-irradiated parents. This solid data shows conclusively that transgenerational effects of irradiation from the Chernobyl disaster are absent or undetectable.
Maladies chroniques
Authors: Gerardin Priscille , Stheneur Chantal
Published: September 2021

La transition de la prise en charge pédiatrique vers la prise en charge d’adulte est un processus qui nécessite d’être abordé très tôt dans le suivi d’un enfant porteur d’une maladie chronique. Elle doit tenir compte du rythme de chacun des intervenants : le praticien, l’adolescent et sa famille. L’interaction entre les bouleversements de l’adolescence et le processus de transition entraîne trop souvent une rupture du suivi, avec ses conséquences en termes de morbidité et de mortalité. Depuis quelques années, des guides et des structures dédiées sont mises en place pour favoriser un passage serein vers les structures pour adultes.
La contraception d’urgence
Authors: Kolanska Kamila , Faucher Philippe , Daraï Émile , Bouchard Philippe , Chabbert-Buffet Nathalie
Published: September 2021

La contraception d’urgence (CU) évolue depuis les années 1960, devenant de mieux en mieux tolérée par les femmes qui la prennent. Les contraceptions d’urgence hormonales ont ainsi utilisé des doses d’hormones de plus en plus faibles, avec des schémas d’utilisation simplifiés. Les œstrogènes ont finalement été abandonnés, conduisant à la mise en vente de ces contraceptions sans besoin d’une prescription. Le dispositif intra-utérin au cuivre, qui nécessite, quant à lui, le recours à un professionnel de santé, est moins accessible. Pourtant, il permet l’instauration d’une contraception au long cours. Malgré des progrès indéniables, la contraception d’urgence reste encore trop peu utilisée, faute d’une information efficace mais aussi de différents freins.
Students’ activity in modern educational space: psychological and pedagogical aspects
Authors: Vasyura Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Nikitina Olga Valerievna , Solodiankina Olga Vladimirоvna , Averin Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Maletova Marina Ivanovna
Published: September 2021

Over the last decade, the issue of student activity in the educational space is of growing worldwide interest from the academic community and practitioners. With the rapid growth of information and communication technologies penetrating all areas of life, educational space particularly, the research on diverse types of student activity has attracted the attention of international scholars. Student activity transfers to virtual space, so learning and communication activities are largely transformed. Thus, the academic community finds it crucial to analyze integrated activity. The research aims to study integrated student activity in five areas of life and identify its links with the orientation of their communicative activity. It engaged 104 undergraduates from Udmurt University and Medical College. The research was based on Volochkov and Popov’s method of “Diagnostics of student activity” and Vasyura’s method of measuring the orientation of communicative activity. Methods of mathematical statistics were applied to process the data. In student educational activity, three components of activity composition are correlated with the orientation of communicative activity. It is identified that student as an actor of educational activity is likely to be satisfied with academic success and efforts to overcome study barriers if he or she is oriented to actively interact with other actors of educational space. The data may provide a ground for devising a counseling programme to manage the development of activity in various areas of life.
Multi-aspect potential of project activities in the university (based on the innovative platform project material)
Authors: Chelyukanova Olga Nikolaevna , Titkova Natalia Evgenievna
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the methodology of work on the project of the “Revival of traditions of family reading in the modern spiritual education of children and youth” innovative platform, organized in the Arzamas branch of the SUNN. The project is a cumulative phenomenon that synthesizes the scientific and methodological experience of leading teachers, psychologists, and organizers of children’s reading, research scientists of children’s literature. The project involves scientists, teachers of educational institutions of different levels, students, children of different ages, and their parents in a wide joint creative activity. Particular attention in the development of this practice-oriented innovative project is paid to the activities of the student initiative group and its pedagogical effect. The educational strategy of the project contributes to the development of constructive critical thinking and is aimed at developing a wide range of professional competencies among students participating in the project: professional and pedagogical, communicative, general cultural, and informational. The article pays particular attention to the description of the complex of educational products and forms of methodological assistance to teachers and parents. In the process of implementing this project, the urgent needs of teachers and families participating in the project are met. Those include the acquisition of methodological experience in working with parents and children to popularize children’s literature and family reading; practical experience of working with a children’s book in a family circle; the acquisition of artistic reading and recitation skills by the project participants; the generalization and systematization of scientific and methodological experience in the field of children’s literature and family reading; family and creative literary communication; the introduction to the literary study of local lore. Literary and ethical-artistic questions are brought to spectators through theatrical communication.
Humanistic meanings in the educational conventions of modernity: on the problem of understanding the philosophical content of subjectivity
Authors: Korshunova Olga Nikolaevna , Salimgareev Maxim Vladimirovich , Suslov Aleksei Yurievich
Published: September 2021

A holistic understanding of the current approaches and strategies circulating in the educational environment, where in a situation of global transformation, there is an intensive search for ways and methods to overcome the crisis, is relevant. Within the framework of the pedagogical and philosophical analysis, the authors attempt to discover new aspects of the humanistic content of subjectivity. It is necessary to recognize the absolute value in students, which is seen through the manifestation of individual qualities and abilities. This means that it is necessary to ontologically recognize any subject of knowledge as self-sufficient, regardless of the ranks on the institutional ladder that are common in social structures, in other words, it is necessary to go beyond the boundaries of evaluative categories that, as is known, determine the intellectual status of the subject according to the degree of acquired and certified knowledge. First, the teacher overcomes his power complex, dominance over the student, which is deliberately placed by the traditional approach in the position of ignorant and incompetent person. Secondly, the emphasis on such concepts as discipline, norm, and standard has been changed. Third, the strengthening of group solidarity, to guarantee the basic social meanings in a world of increasing risks, where there is a growing desire to consolidate not with society as a whole, as in previous eras, but with a separate small group. Fourth, the most important conceptual link in these constructions is the ability to communicate. Fifth, there is a rejection of excessive rationalistic perception of reality. A new post-materialistic pedagogical paradigm is formulated, which puts in the first place the deep aspects of the subject, conditioned by his emotionality, soulfulness, humanity, which are least associated with such behavioral parameters as punctuality, perseverance, and academic performance.
Individual autonomy as a moral trend in the context of a social crisis
Authors: Mironov Andrey Vladimirovich , Garas Lyudmila Nikolaevna , Maksimova Elena Nikolaevna
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the emergence of a philosophical problem of separating a person from the social world through the formation of an individual value model that presupposes an autonomous spiritual existence of an individual. The political and moral prerequisites of avoiding civic participation are considered. The study focuses on Seneca’s moral theory, revealing the interaction of an individual with society in the context of the transformation of values during a social crisis. The goal of this study is 1) to determine the mutual influence between social inversions and changes in the value models of citizen behavior in society during a social crisis; 2) to formulate the main components of the concept ‘individual autonomy’, presented as part of the ancient tradition; 3) to specify and substantiate moral views of individual alienation from social community; and 4) to find out the features of this trend’s development in the history of social philosophy. The method of historical and comparative analysis and the system method, which allows correlating historical facts and moral interpretations of social events proposed by the Roman authors, are used as a means of reaching the abovementioned goals. The evidence of interrelation between the ancient tradition and subsequent forms of individual autonomy is proposed. Forms of communication with society as part of the self-isolation model of an individual from social activities are presented. The moral contradiction between the official paradigm of morality and a personal perception of social reality is put forward as the basis of social isolation.
Psychological aspects of representation of Trekhostrovsky sanctuary as a new direction of scientific tourism
Authors: Chernyaeva Anna Valerievna
Published: September 2021

The development of scientific and educational tourism in the conditions of modern reality is accounted for by a number of reasons, but its purpose remains unchanged – it serves as an information source and a means of communication. In the context of provisions of the World Tourism Organisation, Russia is in possession of extremely promising areas for scientific tourism; therefore, scientific tourism may be regarded as a product of an agreement between scientists, which is supposed to provide due conditions for the formation of competitive scientific results within the framework of prospective and demanded research. This article attempts to consider the prospects for the development of scientific tourism in Volgograd region and to analyse and identify the possibilities of using the available corpus of knowledge about Trekhostrovsky sanctuary for continued research in the field of scientific and educational tourism involving the resources of the Southern Federal District. The modern trends in professional studies exploring the ethnographic status, historical and cultural heritage of Russia’s unique resources represent one of the universal categories of scientific tourism and are treated in terms of natural cognitive features within the subject area of psychological anthropology in the context of studying the system of relations between culture and personality on certain conditions and in certain forms. It is quite obvious that the federal and regional resources represented by natural and anthropogenic objects in Russia can act as a competitive product of innovative scientific tourism. The potential for the development of scientific tourism in Volgograd region lies in the peculiarities of the anthropogenic objects of Donskoy Nature Park, as can be exemplified by the religious and mythological traditions of the unique Trekhostrovsky sanctuary, with generalisation of the available scientific materials, based on the analogy of cultural components inherent in the stone and fire worship cults.
Family education in a comparative legal perspective
Authors: Balkhaeva Sayana Bairovna , Pomazansky Andrey Evgenievich , Tsomartova Fatima Valerievna
Published: September 2021

Due to its specific character, family education is not the main direction of development for either foreign or domestic educational systems. However, the transition from the educational paradigm of an industrial society to the educational paradigm of a post-industrial society leads to an inevitable change in the goals of education and upbringing, their motives, forms, methods, etc. In modern society, family education makes it possible to provide qualitatively new opportunities for the socialization of the individual, due to the receipt of individualized, free education that ensures a person’s self-realization. In addition, family education may be preferable to other forms of education in the context of the exponential growth of information and communication technologies, which made it possible to predict its development in the future. Alternative forms of education, including elements of distance and family education were in great demand in connection with the COVID-19 coronavirus infection pandemic. All the above actualizes the problems of family education, including the issues of its legal regulation. The research aims to study the experience of legal regulation of obtaining family education in foreign countries with the aim of its reception in Russian legislation. To achieve this goal, the article considered several areas that are of fundamental importance for the normal functioning of the family education such as the implementation of the parents’ right to choose the form of education, the control over the quality of education received, setting the requirements for compliance with established educational programs and standards, financial support and other material participation of the state in providing education received in the family form, as well as sanctions for violation of the norms of educational legislation on family education. The article concludes that family education is not a fundamental right, but qualifies as an acceptable form of education. The organization of family education in different countries proceeds from the balance of interests of the child, the parents, and the society as the main principle of the legal regulation of family education.
Distance learning of specialists in information and library activities in Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhardemova Madina Gazizovna , Gorbacheva Valentina Alekseevna , Gorbachevа Diana Aleksandrovna , Gorbachev Aleksander Aleksandrovich , Vorozheikina Olga Igorevna
Published: September 2021

The article presents an analysis of opportunities of distance education organization for future librarians in the universities of Kazakhstan under the conditions of the Corona VIrus Disease-19 pandemic. These opportunities of distance and media education were actualized in the context of the coronavirus pandemic due to self-isolation of students. The process of modern library staff professional education has always been ahead of many humanities in the aspect of implementation of new information and communication technologies in the educational process with its focus on values of digital and virtual educational environment. In modern conditions, during the transition from an industrial society to a post-industrious information society of knowledge and innovations, the issues of extensive introduction of digital technologies have become more central in order to overcome the gap between the current need for information, the study of national and foreign experience, the tasks of new socio-cultural practices and the existing level of professional education of librarians. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reveal the features of the formation of a culture of online distance learning, to identify positive experiences that pose a universal response to the crisis of pedagogical and psychological education, civil, personal and ethnic identities (ideals, beliefs, worldview) in the formation of professional competencies of librarians. The authors used the following scientific research methods: study of electronic content, observation, questionnaires, test polls, the Computer Assisted Web Interview method, conversations, focus groups, content analysis and others. In this study, the authors structured and characterized the main directions of the development of pedagogical culture of distance education, identified a positive experience, which poses a universal response to the crisis of librarian education. We analyzed the totality of objective, methodological, organizational and evaluative components of the system of distance education. The main attention is paid to the issues of organizing the educational process of distance education for librarians in the Republic of Kazakhstan and in Russia, student surveys, which showed that with a large selection of foreign and national platforms, they give preference to national educational programs developed by leading Kazakhstani researchers and teachers. An educational and pedagogical analysis of the leading platforms has been carried out. In the conclusion, the positive aspects of distance education are revealed and recommendations are given to organize and to improve the educational process and the development of the distance education system more effectively under the conditions of the pandemic and self-isolation.
Körperliches Training mit Herzpatienten.
Praxisorientierte Empfehlungen für die
kardiologische Sport-/Bewegungstherapie
Authors: Schwan Uwe , Nebel Roland
Published: September 2021

Einleitung

Die präventive Wirkung regelmäßiger körperlicher
Aktivität bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen und insbesondere bei der
koronaren Herzerkrankung (KHK) ist gut belegt. Es besteht eine inverse
Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung zwischen dem Aktivitätsumfang und der
Gesamtmortalität, der kardiovaskulären Morbidität und
Mortalität. Dabei besteht der relativ größte
präventive Nutzen bereits früh in der Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung,
d. h. bei bereits niedrigen Trainingsintensitäten im Vergleich zur
Inaktivität. Sie steht somit gleichberechtigt neben medikamentösen,
interventionellen und operativen Therapieansätzen und kann diese sinnvoll
ergänzen. Sporttherapeutische und sportpädagogische
Maßnahmen dienen dem Erwerb individueller Ressourcen und Kompetenzen und
können auf diesem Wege zur Veränderung des bewegungsbezogenen
Lebensstils beitragen. Ein sinnvolles Bewegungs- und Trainingsprogramm für
Herzpatienten sollte nach dem heutigen Kenntnisstand Ausdauer-, Koordinations- und
Krafttraining beinhalten. Die folgenden Trainingsempfehlungen für
Herzpatienten sollen eine therapeutisch angeleitete, dosierte, kontrollierte und
damit erfolgreiche Steuerung des Trainings von Menschen mit
Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen ermöglichen.
Vom kardiologischen Notfall bis zur Herzoperation – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Sackarnd Jan
Published: September 2021

Eine Frau klagt über zunehmende Luftnot. Doch warum? Es kommt zu einem kardiogenen Schock mit Mehrorganversagen. Als die medikamentöse Behandlung nicht ausreicht, wird ein Kreislaufersatzverfahren eingesetzt. Leider erholt sich die Herzschwäche, auch nachdem die Ursache gefunden ist, nicht. Daher wird der Frau ein dauerhaftes Linksherzunterstützungssystem implantiert. Bis zur Entlassung ist es ein langer Weg auf der Intensivstation.
Die Auswirkungen der staatlichen Anerkennung von ATA und OTA
Authors: Klimmek Jennifer , Lausen Jessika , Linke Gaston , Loose André , Neukamm Benny
Published: September 2021

In weniger als acht Monaten ist es so weit: Die Ausbildungen zur ATA und OTA werden staatlich anerkannt. Aus dem neuen Gesetz ergeben sich zahlreiche Veränderungen für die Ausbildung und deren Akteure. Unsere Autoren schildern, was die Neuregelungen für die ATA-OTA-Schulen, die Ausbildungsfinanzierung und die Berufsangehörigen bedeuten.
Extensive Thromboembolism in a Young Male with Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection and Heterozygous Factor V Leiden Mutation
Authors: Appenzeller Florian , Schmehl Jörg , Gawaz Meinrad , Müller Iris
Published: September 2021

In this case report we present a previously healthy 21-year-old male with extensive thromboembolism in the setting of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation with no additional thrombophilic risk factors.
Incorporating Cyano Groups to a Conjugated Polymer Based on Double
B←N-Bridged Bipyridine Units for Unipolar n-Type Organic Field-Effect
Transistors
Authors: Cao Xu , Min Yang , Tian Hongkun , Liu Jun
Published: September 2021

The development of n-type semiconductors lags far behind that of their p-type
counterparts, demonstrating the exploration of exclusive n-type
π-conjugated polymers is significant. The double B←N-bridged bipyridine
(BNBP)-based polymers P-BNBP-TVT containing
(E)-1,2-di(thiophen-2-yl)ethene (TVT) previously reported exhibits
ambipolar character because of the electron-rich nature. Herein, we
incorporated strong electron-withdrawing cyano groups into the
3,3′-positions of the TVT moiety to a copolymer P-BNBP-2CNTVT to
develop n-type π-conjugated polymers. The LUMO/HOMO energy levels of
P-BNBP-2CNTVT are −3.80/−5.95 eV, respectively, which are ~0.4 eV
lower than that of P-BNBP-TVT without cyano groups. Unsurprisingly,
compared with ambipolar P-BNBP-TVT, the organic field-effect
transistors (OFETs) based on P-BNBP-2CNTVT showed unipolar n-type
characteristics with an electron mobility of
0.026 cm2 · V−1 · s−1 and a lower
threshold voltage of ~25 V as well as high
I
on/I
off of ~105. This
study demonstrates that organoboron π-conjugated polymers could be regarded
as a tool for constructing exclusive n-type semiconducting polymers used in
OFETs.