bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite element modelling approaches for sheet metal joining: A review of techniques and application
Authors: Abdullah Noor Am Zura , Mohd Sani Mohd Shahrir , Ghazali Mohd Fairusham , Mutra Rajasekhara Reddy
Published: January 2025

Joining for sheet metal is a widely used process in product manufacturing in diverse industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, constructions and others. Finite element has become a vital tool when it comes to simulating the structural integrity and performance of many types of joining that are being used such as mechanical fastener, welding, adhesives and many more. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of finite element modelling techniques applied to sheet metal joining based on existing studies from other researchers. The paper discusses the methods, advantages and limitations for each modelling approaches and highlights their key applications. This paper also discusses the role of finite element analysis when studying the performance of these models for joints. This will enable researchers to predict failure behaviours and enhance design efficiency. The strengths and limitations of various modelling approaches such as simplified and detailed methods and identified key areas for future research and development were also examined. By summarising the current knowledge and methodologies, this paper aims to contribute to the advancement of joint modelling techniques, which can lead to more accurate and reliable modelling method for joining in sheet metal.
‘It benefits every moment’: Understandings of and engagements in science-related practices in everyday life
Authors: Torkkeli Kaisa , Karvonen Milla , Pritup Daria , Enqvist Johanna
Published: January 2025

Drawing from science capital research and applying current practice theory, this study sheds light on people’s perceptions of science and science-related practices in their everyday lives. The study develops a practice theoretical approach to examine understandings and engagements embedded in socially shared everyday science-related practices. The analysis of 51 interviews with Finnish people aged 20 to 88 with varied educational and socio-economic backgrounds brings participants’ voices into a discussion. The findings suggest that science is understood as a generally valuable all-compassing phenomenon offering a means to explain the world and address complex issues. Participants commonly reported engaging with science in their professional lives, regardless of their educational background or employment status. However, most interviewees implied a lack of confidence to engage in science due to the perceived norms of institutionalised science. This study reveals the need for more critical reflection on the approaches of science-promoting practitioners to advance science engagement.
Effects of Combined Intrathecal Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Schwann Cells Transplantation on Neuropathic Pain in Complete Spinal Cord Injury: A Phase II Randomized Active-Controlled Trial
Authors: Akhlaghpasand Mohammadhosein , Tavanaei Roozbeh , Hosseinpoor Maede , Heidari Reza , Mohammadi Ida , Chamanara Mohsen , Hosseinpour Melika , Zali Alireza , Mosaed Reza , Oraee-Yazdani Saeed
Published: January 2025

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating complication following spinal cord injury (SCI). Currently, effective treatments for SCI-induced neuropathic pain are highly lacking. This clinical trial aimed to investigate the efficacy of combined intrathecal injection of Schwann cells (SCs) and bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in improving SCI-induced neuropathic pain. This study was a parallel-group, randomized, open-label, active-controlled phase II trial with two arms, including treatment and control groups. Patients with complete SCI-induced neuropathic pain in the treatment group received a single combined intrathecal injection of BMSCs and SCs. Study outcome measures were International SCI Pain Basic Data Set (ISCIPBDS) and World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF). A total of 37 (55.2%) and 30 (44.8%) patients in the treatment and control groups were followed up for 6 months, respectively. Significant reductions in mean scores of interference items in the treatment group, including daily activities ( P < 0.001), mood ( P < 0.001), and sleep ( P < 0.001), were found at 6 months after the injection compared with the control one. Similarly, pain frequency ( P = 0.002), mean ( P = 0.001), and worst ( P = 0.001) numeric rating scale (NRS) pain intensity scores showed significant reductions in the treatment group after 6 months compared with the control one. Based on multiple regression analysis controlled for potential confounders, significant associations between changes in all outcome measures over the study period and the treatment group were found. This clinical trial indicated the efficacy of combined cell therapy in improving the neuropathic pain and quality of life in complete SCI patients. Future investigations should evaluate the effects of combination of this strategy with other existing therapies for SCI-induced neuropathic pain. This clinical trial was also registered prospectively at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20200502047277N8).
The Combination of Intravenous Immunoglobulin, Dexamethasone, and a High Dose of Mononuclear Cells Transfusion: An Effective Strategy for Decreasing Donor-Specific Antibodies During Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Li Yu , Zhang Dingsong , Hu Xiaozhuang , Liu Lin , Yuan Zhongtao , Li Shiqi , Dong Yancheng , Chen Yingnian , Wang Sanbin
Published: January 2025

Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are essential causes of graft rejection in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT). DSAs are unavoidable for some patients who have no alternative donor. Effective interventions to reduce DSAs are still needed, and the cost of the current therapies is relatively high. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 11 DSA-positive patients who received haplo-HSCT at our center and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of the combination of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), dexamethasone and high dose of transfused mononuclear cells (MNCs) for DSA desensitization. The kinetics of DSAs at different times and the engraftment and transplantation outcomes were also observed. We found that all patients had successful donor-cell engraftment and that no patient developed poor graft function. The median engraftment times of neutrophils and platelets were 14 days (range, 11–24 days) and 13 days (range, 11–123 days), respectively. The DSA levels of all patients became negative or dropped under 2000 within 22 days after HSCT. A total of 36.4% of patients developed grade II–IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), and 9.1% of patients died of severe gastrointestinal aGVHD. Of the 7 surviving patients, four were diagnosed with chronic GVHD. After a median follow-up of 28.9 months (2.0–52.1 months), four patients died: of relapse (two), aGVHD (one), and multiple-organ failure (one). The 2-year OS, DFS, and NRM were 63.6%, 45.4%, and 18.2%, respectively. Combination therapy with IVIG, dexamethasone, and a high dose of MNCs transfusion, a simple and efficient procedure, was safe and effective for DSA desensitization and peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) engraftment.
Institutional investment in rental housing in the city of social housing
Authors: Kadi Justin , Banabak Selim , Plank Leonhard
Published: January 2025

While scholarly and public attention on institutional investors in rental housing is considerable, studies that quantify the relevance of such actors are still rare. This article measures institutional investor ownership in a European city with one of the highest shares of social housing: Vienna, Austria. We present a novel approach to measure institutional investor ownership that combines land registry data with the international company database ORBIS and Vienna’s local housing register. This provides unique ownership data for the entire housing market at the property level. We measure the role of institutional investors in different rental tenures and further distinguish between direct and indirect property owners, between national, EU, and non-EU investors, and conduct a geographical analysis of investment hotspots. We make three broader contributions: First, we widen the geography of research on institutional investment by considering a highly regulated housing market context. Second, we demonstrate that a large social housing stock does not per se prevent a significant presence of institutional investors. Third, we introduce a method that may be used in other cases and contexts.
From Superstition to Violence: Understanding the Tragic Reality of Witch-Hunting in Assam
Authors: Handique Namrata , Singh Prakash
Published: January 2025

This article examines the practice of witch-hunting in Assam, a region with a historical and sociocultural context distinct from other parts of India. While witch-hunting has global roots, its persistence in Assam is intertwined with local tribal traditions, patriarchal structures, economic dynamics, and societal norms. The article explores the historical origins of witch-hunting in Assam, including its evolution from indigenous beliefs to the influence of colonial ideologies. A significant focus is placed on understanding the role of social and spatial dynamics in witch-hunting cases, particularly within tribal communities where superstition, lack of healthcare, and education contribute to the perpetuation of this practice. The discussion also delves into how and why witch-hunting has long been an ignored social issue in Assam, with limited media coverage and government intervention until recent years. The study further argues about the role of grassroots organizations and media in bringing attention to the issue and shaping public perception.
Knowledge, Attitude, Awareness of Organ Donation Among Health Care Professionals: A Prospective Observational Study from Hyderabad
Authors: Kotamarthy Hima Bindu , Sirga Sudeep , Somasekhar DA  , Subba K , Panigrahi Niranjan , Jupally Rajkumar , Gunnampati Karunakar
Published: January 2025

Background:

Deceased organ donation rates in India are alarmingly low. While healthcare workers have the potential to advocate for organ donation within society, their knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning organ donation have not been extensively studied. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to deceased organ donation among healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff, by using a pre-structured questionnaire.

Methodology:

This prospective observational study was conducted using a questionnaire designed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare professionals working at a tertiary care centre in Hyderabad. The study included a total of 350 participants.

Results:

The analysis of questionnaire responses showed that the majority of participants were female (77.4%) and included doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff. Overall, 50.1% of respondents had adequate knowledge about organ donation (scoring above 5), while 49.9% had inadequate knowledge (scoring below 4). Younger respondents (under 40) and males generally scored higher in knowledge. Additionally, 55.6% of participants had a positive attitude towards organ donation, while 44.4% had a negative attitude.

Conclusions:

Insufficient awareness is impeding the community’s positive attitude towards organ donation, necessitating extensive education and media initiatives to support successful donation and future research.
Association between job insecurity and health-related quality of life: The moderator effect of social support in the workplace
Authors: Baydur Hakan , Uçan Gülten
Published: January 2025

Background: Employee job insecurity negatively affects health outcomes, with limited research on the moderating role of workplace social support. Objective: This study examines the relationship between job insecurity and health-related quality of life among medical representatives, exploring the moderating effect of social support at work. Method: Cross-sectional data from 391 Turkish medical representatives during the pandemic were analyzed using correlation, logistic regression, and moderation analysis with SPSS for Windows and Hayes’ Process Macro. Results: 73.4% of the participants were male, with a mean age of 38.3 ± 6.7 years. According to multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and gender, quantitative and qualitative job insecurity negatively [OR = 1.02 (95% CI = 1.00–1.03)] and social support positively [OR = 0.96 (95% CI = 0.95–0.98)] affected health-related quality of life. There was a moderately significant correlation between health-related quality of life and quantitative job insecurity, qualitatively job insecurity and social support in the workplace ( r = −0.430, r = −0.477, r = 0.494), respectively. The moderating effect analysis has revealed that receiving social support in the workplace alleviates and reduces the negative impact of job insecurity on the health-related quality of life of employees. Social support in the workplace received by employees mitigates and reduces the negative impact of job insecurity on their health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Social support in the workplace plays an important role in buffering the negative consequences of job insecurity. According to this research, it is important to improve social support in the workplace to prevent negative health-related quality of life outcomes among medical representatives experiencing job insecurity.
The effect of computer use on pain, grip strength, and upper limb neural tension in female undergraduate students: A matched-pair study
Authors: Nitayarak Haifah , Toleama Anitya , Madiyoh Nurfatee , Mahae Nooreesan , Pedpak Ranuka , Charntaraviroj Pornpimol
Published: January 2025

Background

Female university students frequently complain of computer-related neck pain after one hour of use, which may cause changes in grip strength and nerve tension in the upper extremity.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare neck pain intensity, grip strength and upper limb neural tension, before and after an hour of computer use between female students with and without neck pain.

Method

There were 36 female students recruited, which were then divided into the neck pain group (n = 18) and the asymptomatic group (n = 18). Pain intensity, hand grip strength, and neurodynamic testing of the upper extremity were evaluated before and after typing a document on a computer for one hour.

Results

There was an increase in neck pain, a decrease in grip strength, and an increase in nerve tension of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves after computer use. However, when comparing between groups, the neck pain group had a significantly greater increase in the tension of only the right median and left ulnar nerves compared to the asymptomatic group.

Conclusion

The current findings demonstrated that an hour spent on a computer can increase neck pain, reduce grip strength, and produce neural tension of upper extremities. However, female students with neck pain had greater increase tension within the median and ulnar nerves, which may result in upper extremity impairment.
Validation of the Turkish version of the second victim experience and support tool- revised (T-SVEST-R)
Authors: Demiray Gamze , Ekuklu Galip
Published: January 2025

Background

Healthcare workers who find themselves entangled in unforeseen adverse patient events, medical errors, and/or patient-related injuries, experiencing trauma and victimization as a consequence of said incidents, are referred to as “second victims”.

Objectıve

This study aims to validate and assess the reliability of the Turkish version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool-Revised (SVEST-R).

Methods

The methodological and cross-sectional study involved 400 physicians and nurses in an Edirne tertiary hospital of Turkey. The Turkish SVEST-R and a questionnaire were administered, assessing validity through factor analysis and content validity, and reliability through item-total score correlation, internal consistency, and test-retest methods.

Results

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (0.84) and Bartlett Test (p < 0.001) indicated adequate sampling for factor analysis. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified nine factors explaining 71.58% of total variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed good fit (x2 = 976.95, x2/df = 2.3, CFI = 0.92, GFI = 0.87, RMSEA = 0.05). Cronbach's alpha was 0.85, signifying high internal consistency. Healthcare professionals’ average T-SVEST-R score was 2.8 ± 0.5. Among independent variables, professional experience length significantly influenced T-SVEST-R score.

Conclusıons

The Turkish version of the Second Victim Experience Support Tool-Revised (T-SVEST-R) has been validated as a reliable scale.
Ergonomic design of foot-operated resistance spot welding interface using multi-criteria decision-making approach
Authors: Alam Md Dilshad , Ali khan Imtiaz
Published: January 2025

Background

Manual spot-welding operators often engage in repetitive motions, awkward postures, and prolonged standing. These factors increase the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), particularly affecting the lower limbs and back. Additionally, inadequate workstation design impacts workers’ health, safety, and productivity.

Objective

Identify the optimal conditions for the spot-welding interface using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach with three input parameters: pedal height (30, 35, 40 cm), worker distance (70, 80, 90 cm) and worksheet thickness (22, 25, 30 gauge).

Methods

The study employed L27 orthogonal array experimental design. Entropy Weight Method (EWM) was used to determine weight of each factor. The optimal input parameters were identified using Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method, with validation from Weighted Grey Relational Analysis (WGRA) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) determined the significance of input parameters, and a confirmation test validated the findings.

Results

EWM calculated a weight of 0.3404 to task time, 0.3401 to pedal force, and 0.3193 to comfort level. WASPAS, WGRA, and TOPSIS identified the optimal parameters as pedal height of 35 cm, worker distance of 80 cm, and worksheet thickness of 30-gauge. ANOVA showed that worksheet thickness had the greatest impact on response, followed by worker distance and pedal height. The confirmation test validated the result with high reliability (0.88% error).

Conclusion

This study explored ergonomic recommendations for optimizing spot-welding environments using a statistical and MCDM model focused on improving pedal force, task time, and comfort.
The effect of turmeric-Boswellia formulation (Rhuleave-K) in posture-related low back soreness and discomfort: A randomized double blinded placebo controlled trial
Authors: Gupta Ajay , Agarwal Alok
Published: January 2025

Background

Poor posture from work or lifestyle habits is a common cause of low back soreness and discomfort. This study investigates the potential of Rhuleave-K, a turmeric-Boswellia formulation for managing these symptoms.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of Rhuleave-K (500 mg) over 15 days in alleviating posture-related low back soreness and discomfort in human participants.

Methods

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel arm study involved 52 subjects aged 18–70 years, with an equal male to female ratio of 1:1, and a 15 days intervention period. The inclusion criteria were a posture-related low back soreness and discomfort for at least 2–3 weeks with a pain intensity of greater than or equal to 5 on numerical rating scale. The primary outcome measure was a pain intensity difference from baseline to day 7 and day 15. Secondary outcome measures were a categorical pain relief scale and Oswestry disability index (ODI).

Results

There was a significant decrease in the pain intensity (p < 0.001) compared to placebo at the end of 15 days of study in the Rhuleave-K group. After 7 days of supplementation of Rhuleave-K, there was a 56% reduction in pain intensity and by the end of the study, there was 98.5% reduction. In the responder profile of those having greater than or equal to 50% of max total pain relief, all 26 was in Rhuelave-K group and 3 were in placebo group. The ODI had significant 27% and 98% reduction in the disability index at day 7 and 15 respectively for Rhuleave-K group and placebo group had 1% and 3% change.

Conclusion

Posture-related low back soreness and discomfort was significantly reduced by Rhuleave-K at 500 mg dose. It is hence evident from this study's outcome that the Rhuleave-K can be a safe and effective alternative for the short-term management of lower back discomfort.
Changes in the craniofacial morphology and hyoid bone position in the neutral and forward head posture in healthy individuals: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ye Jiling , Jin Lei , Cheng Rongshan , Lv Xiaolong , Yao Yuan , Xu Lili , Cai Bin , Fang Zhongyi , Tsai Tsung-yuan
Published: January 2025

Background

Posture assessment is an important part of clinical physical examination. Head posture changes should be considered in the measurement of the craniofacial morphology and hyoid bone position.

Objective

To compare the craniofacial morphology and hyoid bone position in the neutral head posture (NHP) and forward head posture (FHP) in healthy individuals.

Methods

Forty healthy participants (16 men and 24 women) were included in this study. Using lateral cephalograms, we assessed the craniofacial, craniocervical, and hyoid bone positions based on 27 distinct variables. The paired-samples t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis were employed to compare the postures.

Results

Significant differences in the craniocervical angles were noted between the NHP and FHP. For the hyoid bone position, all parameters except one presented differences. Vertical variables of craniofacial morphology were influenced by head posture. Pearson's correlation coefficients showed that head posture was significantly correlated with craniofacial morphology, particularly for vertical variables.

Conclusions

This study identified a relationship between the craniocervical and hyoid positions and craniofacial morphology. These findings suggest that different head postures can influence the hyoid position and craniofacial morphology. Hence, for studies involving these parameters and related conditions, maintaining cervical spine posture is crucial.
Effects of Reformer-based Trunk Stability Exercise on Trunk Control, Balance, and Gait Parameters in Patients with Chronic Stroke
Authors: Han Sangyong , Park Donghwan
Published: January 2025

Background

Stroke patients experienced a decline in balance and gait abilities due to impaired trunk control. Previous studies showed that Reformer exercises were effective in improving trunk control.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Reformer-based trunk stability exercises on trunk control, balance, and gait abilities in patients with chronic stroke.

Methods

This study utilized a randomized controlled trial design. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (Reformer-based trunk stability exercises, n = 12) or a control group (conventional trunk stability exercises, n = 12). The intervention consisted of 20-min sessions conducted five times a week for four weeks. Trunk control, balance, and gait parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention, and the data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant interaction effect between group and time for most variables, with within-group comparisons showing significant differences before and after the intervention for the majority of variables in both groups. Additionally, effect size analysis indicated large effect sizes (Cohen's d > 0.8) for most variables.

Conclusions

Reformer-based trunk stability exercises showed positive effects on trunk control, balance, and gait parameters in patients with chronic stroke.
Risk Factors and Predictors for Persistent Dyspnea Post-COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Morgan Sandra , Smith James M. , Thomas Bini , Moreno Maria , Visovsky Constance , Beckie Theresa
Published: January 2025

The most frequently reported post-coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and cognitive disturbances, with reports of persistent dyspnea ranging between 26% and 41%. There is an urgent need to understand the risk factors and predictors for persistent COVID-19 dyspnea in individuals at all levels of COVID-19 illness severity, to enable the implementation of targeted interventions for those likely to be most affected with persistent dyspnea. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review is to explore the risk factors and predictors that are associated with persistent dyspnea in the post-COVID-19 population. This review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered prospectively in PROSPERO as CRD42023466713. A search strategy was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases, that included studies conducted from 2020 to March 2024. The Covidence platform was used for screening studies, scoring methodologic quality, and performing data extraction using a two-step independent review process. This review included 33 studies, addressing 83,920 participants across 20 countries. The strongest predictive risk factors for persistent dyspnea included the following: female sex, elevated body mass index, pulmonary comorbidities, pre-existing anxiety and depression, pre-COVID-19 physical limitations, the severity of the COVID-19 illness, and socioeconomic differences. Potential risk factors included increased age, smoking history, and COVID-19 variant type. The presence of biomarkers for persistent dyspnea in the post-COVID-19 population can be used by clinicians to prospectively identify those individuals who should be flagged. Early identification may then be leveraged for timely referral for prophylactic and rehabilitative interventions for dyspnea. A personalized plan to target those risk factors that are modifiable should follow.
Cleft Lip and Palate Research in the United Kingdom: Advances in Clinical Psychological Knowledge and Future Directions
Authors: Hotton Matthew , Shepherd Laura , Stock Nicola M.
Published: January 2025

In 2012, the James Lind Alliance (JLA) worked with individuals with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), their families and clinicians to identify priority areas for future research. This article reviews progress conducted in the United Kingdom in the 3 JLA priorities most closely related to Clinical Psychology. It then builds upon the original priorities to identify 4 future directions, based on contemporary literature and in-depth discussions between clinical and research experts. Finally, recommendations for next steps toward meeting these future directions are outlined, including consistent outcome measurement, engaging diverse groups of people with CL/P and embedding the principles of codesign.
Comparison of Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis – A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Phan Paul , Hong Lisa T.
Published: January 2025

Limited available evidence comparing DOACs with warfarin suggests efficacy and safety of DOACs for CVT. We aimed to evaluate whether a specific DOAC is preferred for the treatment of CVT. This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with CVTs between September 2018 and September 2022 treated with a DOAC. The primary outcome was rate of partial or complete recanalization. Secondary outcomes included rate of recurrent VTE, CVT extension, major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding, and death within 180 days after DOAC initiation. Of 31 patients with CVT, 21 received apixaban, 7 received rivaroxaban, and 3 received dabigatran. Among those with repeat imaging, the primary composite outcome occurred in 100%, 80%, and 100% for each group, respectively (P = 0.34). One patient had extension of CVT while on apixaban and one patient had increased midline shift while on rivaroxaban. No other secondary outcomes were observed. There do not appear to be significant efficacy or safety differences between DOACs when used for CVT treatment, though larger studies are needed to validate these findings.
Navigating Expressions of Femininity in Online Influencer Culture: A Content Analysis of Collegiate Women Athlete Branding in the Age of “Name, Image, and Likeness”
Authors: Scovel Shannon
Published: January 2025

The National Collegiate Athletic Association’s 2021 “name, image, and likeness” policy granted athletes the right to their own publicity and allowed them to build complex, digital brands. Using Goffman’s theory of self-representation, this article analyzes how three women athletes—Olivia Dunne, Haley Cavinder, and Hanna Cavinder—represented themselves on Instagram and TikTok during the first year of this policy. Findings show that these athletes portrayed themselves primarily in backstage settings; however, they also acknowledged their athleticism through competition-adjacent photographs and videos that complicate Goffman’s binary understanding of self-representation. These findings advance understandings of women athlete self-expression in the influencer economy.
Targeted therapy in TNBC: Exploring the role of antibody-drug conjugates with a focus on sacituzumab govitecan
Authors: Siddiqui Nahida , Arun Moduru Tejo , Aparna Kummari , Murthy Madishetti Abhishek , Rao Tadikonda Rama
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To underscore the prevalence and mortality of breast cancer and review advancements in metastatic TNBC management, with a particularly focus on the role of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), emphasizing the safety and therapeutic potential of Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) as a groundbreaking ADC.

Data Sources

This review gathers scientific data from the past decade, sourced from PUBMED, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar to retrieve relevant studies focused on SG in metastatic TNBC treatment.

Data Summary

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with TNBC being particularly aggressive and difficult to treat. Recent advancements, such as ADCs, have enhanced treatment options. The third-generation Trop-2-targeting ADC, SG, shows promise for metastatic TNBC. This review summarizes available scientific data on SG's safety, efficacy, and future potential. It also discusses ongoing clinical trials evaluating SG in various combinations, offering hope for improved therapeutic strategies in this high-risk group.

Conclusions

ADCs hold great promise for transforming anti-tumor therapies over the next decade and SG has demonstrated substantial efficacy and a manageable safety profile in treating metastatic TNBC. Ongoing trials show that combining SG with immunotherapies enhances its potential, offering hope for better outcomes in patients with limited options. These findings highlight the need for further research to fully define SG's role in optimizing treatment strategies.
Axisymmetric torsion problem by a rigid disc of an elastic half-space weakened by an external crack
Authors: Gouadria Abdelbasset , Kebli Belkacem
Published: January 2025

In this paper, an axisymmetric torsion problem of a circular rigid disc of an elastic medium weakened by an external crack is presented. The mixed boundary-value problem is converted to a system of dual integral equations by using the Hankel integral transforms method. A system of Fredholm integral equations is obtained using the Abel integral equations formulas. The Jacobi polynomials series development is used for reducing the studied problem to a system of infinite algebraic equations. The latter system is solved numerically by the truncation method. Some physical quantities namely the displacement, the stress, and the stress intensity factor are obtained analytically and presented in the form of tables and graphs. A discussion is also followed dealing with the effect of the crack radius and the layer thickness on the rigidity of the medium. The results are validated with the particular case of the large thickness as well as with a comparison with those given by the finite element method.
Epidemiology, treatment, and mortality of femoral neck fractures in patients over the age of 65 years: a nationwide retrospective cohort study of 83,789 cases in Turkey
Authors: Demirel Mehmet , Birinci Murat , Hakyemez Ömer S , Azboy Nesrullah , Bingöl İzzet , Ata Naim , Mahir Ülgü M , Birinci Şuayip , Ayvalı Mustafa O , Azboy İbrahim , Şen Cengiz
Published: January 2025

Background:

A population-based study delineating the epidemiologic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of femoral neck fractures (FNFs) in elderly patients has not yet been conducted in Turkey. In this nationwide study, the epidemiologic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of patients aged ⩾65 years with FNFs who underwent osteosynthesis, hemiarthroplasty (HA), or total hip arthroplasty (THA) were examined.

Methods:

Patients aged ⩾65 years with FNFs were identified in this retrospective, nationwide study. Then, the patients who underwent osteosynthesis or total/hemiarthroplasty from 2016 to 2021 were included. All the outcome variables were collected from patient medical records stored in the e-health database of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health.

Results:

A total of 83,789 FNFs treated surgically were analysed. Osteosynthesis was performed on 21,130 FNFs (25.2%), HA on 56,378 FNFs (67.3%), and THA on 6281 FNFs (7.5%). From 2016 to 2021, the overall revision rates for THA and HA were 14.6% (914/5367 patients) and 5.9% (3301/53,077 patients), respectively. The rate of revision prosthetic surgery was significantly higher after THA than after HA ( p  < 0.001). Mortality rates at 1 year were 25% ( n = 5293) for osteosynthesis, 14.7% ( n = 924) for THA, and 71.1% ( n  = 40,109) for HA ( p = 0.001). The multivariate model of 1-year postoperative mortality revealed 7 independent predictors: male sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.694; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.640–1.751), use of a cemented femoral stem (OR 1.182; 95% CI, 1.117–1.250), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (OR 1.317; 95% CI, 1.240–1.400), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (OR 1.379; 95% CI, 1.333–1.425), chronic liver disease (CLD) (OR 2.188; 95% CI, 1.802–2.489), diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR, 1.160; 95% CI, 1.122–1.200), and age >81.50 years (OR 2.654; 95% CI, 2.569–2.742).

Conclusions:

Our study suggested that a hemiarthroplasty is the most common treatment modality for FNF followed by osteosynthesis (25.2%) and THA (7.5%) in Turkey. Revision rates after THA for FNF are concerning. The 1-year mortality rates are highest after HA, followed by osteosynthesis and THA. Male sex, cemented fixation, CVA, CLD, liver failure, DM, and age >81.50 are the independent predictive factors for postoperative 1-year mortality in this specific group of patients.
Assessment of safety and effectiveness after percutaneous closure for decannulation of Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pereira Tomás Marques , Martins-Fernandes Diana , Ferreira Ana Rita , Guedes da Rocha Henrique , D’Oria Mario , Rocha-Neves João
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) has emerged as a crucial component of critical care medicine, mainly as a lifesaving intervention for patients experiencing refractory cardiac arrest and respiratory failure.

Background:

In the past, VA-ECMO decannulation was surgical and often associated with a high rate of periprocedural complications, such as surgical site infection, bleeding, and patient mobilization costs. To reduce the rate of these adverse events, many percutaneous techniques utilizing suture-mediated closing devices have been adopted. One of those devices is the Perclose Proglide® (PP).

Objective:

This study’s goal was to perform a systematic review to evaluate PP devices’ success and complication rates for VA-ECMO decannulation.

Methods:

To analyze the outcomes of PP in VA-ECMO decannulation, a systematic review of the most recent literature was conducted. The Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched up to September 2023. The National Health, Blood, and Lung Institute Study quality assessment tools were used.

Results:

The final analysis included 10 observational studies comprising 418 patients. The efficacy of PP in VA-ECMO decannulation was 93.0% (95% CI 90.1%–96.0%). In 381 patients, the incidence of acute limb ischemia after VA-ECMO decannulation was 2.5% (95% CI 0.9%–4.%), the infection of the puncture site after decannulation was 1% (95% CI 0%–2%) in 385 patients. The incidence of patients with pseudoaneurysm after decannulation was 1.1% (95% CI 0.1%–2.1%).

Conclusion:

This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the PP for achieving hemostasis after VA-ECMO decannulation, with a high success rate and low rate of major complications.
Cliotide U1, a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Isolated From Urtica Dioica Leaves
Authors: Taheri Mahnaz Nasre , Seyedjavadi Sima Sadat , Goudarzi Mehdi , Ebrahimipour Gholamhossein , Hashemi Ali
Published: January 2025

Aims:

Antibiotic resistance is currently a major challenge to scientists. Thus, attempts have been made to develop new compounds with antimicrobial activity. In this research, a new antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial activity was isolated from the plant Urtica dioica.

Methods:

A new antimicrobial peptide, named cliotide U1, was purified through precipitation with ammonium sulfate and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In silico methods analyzed the physicochemical properties of cliotide U1. The properties of the peptide, including antibacterial activity, pH stability, heat stability, cytotoxicity, and hemolytic activity, were also examined.

Findings:

The purified peptide was composed of 35 amino acids with a hydrophobicity ratio of 63% and a net charge of + 5. The antibacterial activity of cliotide U1 was observed against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 to 4 µM. Cliotide U1 had less than 2% cytotoxic activity at the MIC range against the human embryonic kidney cell line 293 with no clear hemolytic activity. The stability of cliotide U1 was preserved at various temperatures (10-60°C) and pH (6-9).

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrated that cliotide U1 had potent antibacterial potential against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Considering its properties, cliotide U1 can be introduced as a novel antibacterial candidate for expanding new therapeutic drugs.
The Relationship Between LRP-5 and LRP-6 Gene Mutations and Postmenopausal Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Li Jun , Li Ya , Lu Yunqiu , Li Siyuan , Zhu Yecheng , Sun Chuanbing , Rai Partab , Jia Xuehai
Published: January 2025

Background:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP6) genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity (OB). This study aimed to evaluate the polymorphisms in LRP5 and LRP6 genes in postmenopausal patients with T2DM and OB.

Methods:

Participants were categorized into the Non-T2DM group (n = 53) and the T2DM group (n = 89) based on glycemic levels. Baseline data and biochemical indices were collected, Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and SNPs at the LRP5 and LRP6 loci were assessed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Results:

1. There was a statistical difference in the distribution of genotypes (CC/CT) at locus rs4988331 (χ2 = 67.940, P = .000) and in the distribution of alleles (C/T) between the T2DM and non-T2DM groups (χ2 = 50.506, P = .000). Additionally, there were significant differences in the allele (G/A) at locus rs11054704, and both allele (G/T) and genotype (GG/GT) distributions at locus rs1181334 between the OB group and the normal weight group ( P < .05). 2. OB was identified as a risk factor for T2DM in individuals with the wild-type at locus rs1181334, and the interaction between wild-type and mutant was significant ( P < .05). 3. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that BMD (OR 3.755; 95% CI, 1.215-11.608) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (OR 2.855; 95% CI, 1.361-5.986) were risk factors for T2DM in postmenopausal women, whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP; OR 0.970; 95% CI, 0.945-0.995) and rs4988331 mutation (OR 0.018; 95% CI, 0.006-0.060) were protective factors.

Conclusion:

Mutations at the LRP5-rs4988331 locus, as well as the LRP6-rs11054704 and rs1181334 loci, may be associated with the development of T2DM and OB in postmenopausal women.
Why Management Learning needs history, and what you can do about it
Authors: Durepos Gabrielle , Deal Nicholous
Published: January 2025

As we celebrate 55 years of Management Learning, we ask: What tools of thought can history continue to bring to management learning, both the field and journal? Our provocation features three ways through which management learning can continue to engage with historical analysis. We explore the value of history for reflexivity and critical scholarship and describe a promising tool called historical consciousness. We feel that developing historical consciousness will help to engage in management learning with a historical lens and attitude.
Learning differently
Authors: Kociatkiewicz Jerzy , Kostera Monika
Published: January 2025

Learning is predicated on turning towards new ideas and competences, and thus turning away from previous practices. Thus, with learning comes its necessary twin: forgetting. It is a mixed bag of blessings, for individuals as well as for organizations. On the one hand, it is argued that organizational forgetting helps to prevent further reproduction of old pathologies. On the other, it may signify loss of communal identity and discontinuity. The managerialist turn under neoliberalism brought a dogma of imperative of constant change, which results in erosion and disintegration of structures and communities and undermines resistance. This article is focussed on the idea of learning differently, which incorporates forgetting but with an awareness and reflexivity of what is being lost. The curating of memory helps not just to preserve memories and knowledge but to rediscover the past for the needs of the present. Learning differently requires a thoughtful relationship with the past and may support regeneration, instead of linear change management.
Doing academia differently: A provocation review
Authors: Bristow Alexandra , Robinson Sarah , Ratle Olivier
Published: January 2025

In this article, we celebrate the interconnected Management Learning traditions of provocation and reimagining academia by developing a provocation literature review approach and applying it to the growing literature on doing academia differently. We argue that rebelling against the oppressive neoliberal academic norms requires rethinking all aspects of academia, including how we review literature. To transform ourselves, academia and our world, we need to actively seek provocation. Provocation literature review aims to jolt us off the beaten track by foregrounding literature that particularly provokes us and enables us to be provocative. Doing academia differently literature, in particular, provokes us in three interconnected and mutually reinforcing ways: radical transgression, deep affect and deep transformation. These give us impetus, hope and courage to navigate an academia less travelled by, embracing wilderness to seek our humanness individually and together along meandering alternative pathways.
Multi-disciplinary research will be the key to stop, restore, and end MS
Authors: Baranzini Sergio E
Published: January 2025

The past 25 years have brought extraordinary advances in our understanding of MS pathogenesis and the subsequent development of effective therapies. Collaborative genetics efforts have uncovered the association of 236 common DNA variants with disease susceptibility and the first association with disease severity, paving the way to more effective therapies, particularly for progressive forms of the disease. In parallel, and in addition to established environmental disease triggers or modifiers, new collaborative work has revealed new associations with components of the gut microbiome. This research opened a new and exciting prospect for exploring the gut–brain axis, with the potential to also provide new pharmacologic targets and diet-based therapies. Finally, with the availability of massive amounts of information and unprecedented computer power, a new wave of artificial intelligence (AI)-based research is sprawling. These investigations will result in statistically powerful predictive models to identify individuals at risk even years before the disease is clinically apparent. Furthermore, using approaches like semantic representation and causal inference, some of these approaches will be explainable in biomedical terms, thus making them trusted and facilitating their implementation in the clinical setting. The common thread that characterizes all of these advances is multi-disciplinary collaboration among scientists in the form of formal consortia, working groups, or ad hoc partnerships. This may be the “secret sauce” of modern science and the best strategy to stop, restore, and end MS.
Urban renewal, contested memories and the politics of cultural production: The case of Jewish–Muslim encounters in Germany
Authors: Emmerich Arndt
Published: January 2025

Through the case study of Frankfurt’s Bahnhofsviertel (train-station district), this article investigates how a new generation of Jewish and Muslim entrepreneurs resists the preconceived community labels through discourses of hybridity, shared interests and ambivalent experiences of being a minority in Germany, in a way which resembles Stuart Hall’s idea of new ethnicities on the margins. The analysis then employs recent insights from memory studies to the emerging field of Jewish-Muslim encounters to unpack the existing tensions between micro-level, neighbourhood memories and macro-level imaginations and socio-political constructions of Jewish and Muslim minority identities. While empirical studies have focused on convivial practices within multi-ethnic neighbourhoods, this analysis, however, illustrates how taken-for-granted ideas of such spaces are produced and contested through different examples of Jewish-Muslim encounters. In doing so, the article contributes to the debate on the relationship between Jews and Muslims in Europe by showing the potential for and limitations of the creation of Jewish-Muslim conviviality within urban gentrification projects, with their tendencies to replace local histories and (Jewish and Muslim) perspectives from below.