bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gendering fieldwork: Who buys the coffee?
Authors: Rushton Ashleigh
Published: January 2024

The examination of gender in fieldwork highlights a need to provide attention to possible problematic instances that may arise between women interviewers and men participants. Qualitative research identifies that women interviewing men find themselves continually navigating power imbalances while attempting to negotiate safe environments for themselves. Gender in fieldwork predominately focuses on differences between interviewer and interviewees, with little understanding of similarities that contribute to shaping the research environment and research outcomes. This article draws on PhD research and my experience as a cisgender woman PhD student conducting interviews with cisgender men to demonstrate the multiple meaningful ways interviews are constructed and negotiated, including how both interviewer and interviewees draw on sameness in the field. I argue that gendered behaviours are not always obvious and problematic, but rather can be subtle, fluid and work to support shared understandings of the research topic.
The relationship between the loess stratigraphy in the Vojvodina region of northern Serbia and the Saalian and Rissian Stage glaciations – a review
Authors: Marković Slobodan B. , Hughes Philip D. , Schaetzl Randall , Gibbard Philip L. , Hao Qingzhen , Radaković Milica G. , Vandenberghe Jef , Obreht Igor , Sipos György , Laag Christian , Gavrilov Milivoj B. , Antić Aleksandar , Marković Rastko S. , Krsmanović Petar , Fenn Kaja , Lukić Tin , Perić Zoran M.
Published: January 2024

The regional loess stratigraphy in the Vojvodina region, in the southeastern Carpathian Basin, has often been successfully correlated to the global palaeoclimate. This is a quasi‐continuous sedimentary record that provides detailed environmental reconstruction during the last four glacial/interglacial cycles. In this study, we present a standardized loess stratigraphy and illustrate how it correlates with the marine oxygen isotope and Chinese loess stratigraphical records. We argue that the loess stratigraphy in Vojvodina region is an important link in the integration of European terrestrial stratigraphical schemes and the deep‐sea stratigraphical model. We highlight how the loess record can better illustrate terrestrial environmental change through multiple glacial cycles than other records, such as glacial records. The investigated loess record enables direct links to be made between the loess sediments and their glacial sources. This reveals evidence of glaciations during every glacial cycle of the Saalian Stage complex, equivalent to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 10, 8 and 6. Therefore, Serbian loess has the potential to provide a direct link between terrestrial glaciations and wider records of global climate change, which is an enigma for many other continental records. These loess records display a strong relationship with the intensity of European glaciations during different glacial cycles. Loess sedimentation rates are highest in the most intensive European glaciation of the Saalian complex (MIS 6) and much lower during the weaker ‘missing’ glaciations equivalent to MIS 8 and 10. A key observation from the Vojvodina loess is the gradual increase in interglacial aridity through the late Middle Pleistocene. The explanation for the progressively increasing aridity in the investigated region at this time is still unclear. However, this trend is consistent with the idea of the Saalian complex as representing a 400 ka mega glacial cycle modulated by shorter classic 100 ka glacial cycles.
Family responsive care mediating the home visiting effects on left‐behind children's early development in rural China
Authors: Li Mengshi , Du Yufeng , Zhao Chunxia , Shi Huifeng , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Jingxu
Published: January 2024

Background

The early development of left‐behind children requires great concern and improvement. Yet, current interventions for left‐behind children are mainly focussed on children older than 3. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a home visiting programme on family responsive care and early development of rural left‐behind children and examine whether family responsive care mediates the effects of intervention on child development.

Methods

A quasi‐experimental study design was utilized in this study. A stratified clustered sampling was employed to choose villages in programme towns into intervention group. A control village was matched with every intervention village. All of the left‐behind children and their caregivers meeting the inclusion criteria in the chosen villages were enrolled in the survey. The outcomes included child development, caregiver's early stimulation, parent–child communication, and learning materials. Baseline assessments were conducted in 2018, and endline assessments were conducted in 2020.

Results

In the endline survey, we enrolled 608 children with 258 in the intervention group and 350 in the control group. Left‐behind children in the intervention group were less likely to have development delay compared with the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36, 0.96). Migrant parents of children in the intervention group showed higher proportion of expressing emotional support to their children when communicating (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.72). Children who received home visits more than once per 2 months had lower level of suspected development delay than children in the control group (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.68). Caregiver's early stimulation and migrant parents' emotional support to left‐behind children mediated the intervention dose and left‐behind children's development.

Conclusion

Caregiver's early stimulation mediates the intervention and child's development. The findings suggest a promising future for scaling similar early childhood development interventions for left‐behind children in rural settings.
Ethical and legal challenges of medical AI on informed consent: China as an example
Authors: Wang Yue , Ma Zhuo
Published: January 2024

The escalating integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in clinical settings carries profound implications for the doctrine of informed consent, presenting challenges that necessitate immediate attention. China, in its advancement in the deployment of medical AI, is proactively engaging in the formulation of legal and ethical regulations. This paper takes China as an example to undertake a theoretical examination rooted in the principles of medical ethics and legal norms, analyzing informed consent and medical AI through relevant literature data. The study reveals that medical AI poses fundamental challenges to the accuracy, adequacy, and objectivity of information disclosed by doctors, alongside impacting patient competency and willingness to give consent. To enhance adherence to informed consent rules in the context of medical AI, this paper advocates for a shift towards a patient‐centric information disclosure standard, the restructuring of medical liability rules, the augmentation of professional training, and the advancement of public understanding through educational initiatives.
ボバース臨床推論フレームワーク:脳性麻痺を含む神経発達学的病態の複雑性に対するシステマチックサイエンスのアプローチ
Authors: Mayston Margaret J. , Saloojee Gillian M. , Foley Sarah E.
Published: January 2024

現在、発達領域で推奨されているボバース臨床推論フレームワーク(Bobath Clinical Reasoning Framework: BCRF)によるボバース実践を、システム科学のレンズによって概念化し、小児期発症の障害に関連する様々な変数の相互関係・相関依存に対する全人的観点を提供する。BCRFはICFの各領域間の関係性を理解し、それぞれがどのように影響を与え、どのように影響を受けるのかを理解する助けとなる臨床推論の詳細なフレームワークである。BCRFは介入計画へとつながる観察に基づく学際的なシステムであり、実践的な推論のアプローチである。BCRFにより脳性麻痺(Cerebral Palsy: CP)などの障害における複雑な状況を全人的に理解し、神経学的障害がある人々の生涯にわたるマネジメントおよびハビリテーションの基盤を持つことができる。BCRFが用いる臨床推論は、個々人およびその社会的環境、とくに家族単位で見られる重要な文脈的要因を重視している。定型発達・非定型発達、病態生理(感覚運動・認知・行動)、神経科学の相互関連性、および、心身機能・身体構造レベルの構成要素がどのように活動・参加レベルに影響を与えるのか、BCRFはその理解に根差している。BCRFにとって不可欠なシステム科学system science※1)のモデルはCPの複雑性を理解および対応を進める有用な方法であり、何よりも大切な目標とはあらゆる文脈であらゆる個々人の生きた経験を最適化することである。.
Adherence to liraglutide among individuals with overweight and obesity: Patient characteristics and clinical measures
Authors: Guy Amit , Azab Abed N. , Liberty Idit F. , Afawi Zaid , Alhoashla Ali , Abu Tailakh Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Aim

To identify the sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory determinants relating to patient adherence to liraglutide treatment among individuals with overweight or obesity.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed patients with overweight or obesity who were treated with liraglutide between 2019 and 2022. Over a 6‐month follow‐up period, measurements of body mass index, sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory data, and prescription records for liraglutide were collected. Treatment adherence was assessed using the proportion of days covered (PDC) measure, with a PDC ≥80% indicating high adherence.

Results

The study population included 1890 participants (78.1% female, mean age 46 ± 12 years). At the end of the follow‐up period, 84.9% of the participants exhibited low adherence to liraglutide treatment. Adherence to treatment improved with age (p = 0.04, odds ratio [OR] 1.013, confidence interval [CI] 1.001–1.025). Significant weight loss during treatment increased the likelihood of high adherence (p < 0.001, OR 1.251, CI 1.167–1.341). Individuals with a higher socioeconomic status displayed greater adherence (p = 0.023, OR 1.906, CI 1.091–3.328). Greater adherence was also seen in non‐smokers (p = 0.047, OR 0.725, CI 0.528–0.996).

Conclusions

Only 15.1% of study participants exhibited high adherence to treatment (PDC ≥80%) after 6 months of follow‐up. Further research is needed to explore approaches to enhance adherence to liraglutide, including strategies to educate and support patients in their efforts to achieve and maintain weight loss with the use of this drug.
Sex‐ and time‐specific associations of obesity with glycaemic traits: A two‐step multivariate Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tian Ye , Ma Guochen , Zi Jing , Hu Yifan , Zeng Yaxian , Li Haoqi , Luo Hang , Shan Shufang , Xiong Jingyuan , Cheng Guo
Published: January 2024

Aim

To assess the sex‐ and time‐specific causal effects of obesity‐related anthropometric traits on glycaemic traits.

Materials and Methods

We used univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization to assess the causal associations of anthropometric traits (gestational variables, birth weight, childhood body mass index [BMI], BMI, waist‐to‐hip ratio [WHR], BMI‐adjusted WHR [WHRadjBMI]) with fasting glucose and insulin in Europeans from the Early Growth Genetics Consortium (n ≤ 298 142), the UK Biobank, the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits Consortium (n ≤ 697 734; females: n ≤ 434 794; males: n ≤ 374 754) and the Meta‐Analyses of Glucose and Insulin‐related traits Consortium (n ≤ 151 188; females: n ≤ 73 089; males: n ≤ 67 506), adjusting for maternal genetic effects, smoking, alcohol consumption, and age at menarche.

Results

We observed a null association for gestational variables, a negative association for birth weight, and positive associations for childhood BMI and adult traits (BMI, WHR, and WHRadjBMI). In female participants, increased birth weight causally decreased fasting insulin (betaIVW, −0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.11 to −0.03; p = 1.92 × 10−3), but not glucose levels, which was annulled by adjusting for age at menarche. In male participants, increased birth weight causally decreased fasting glucose (betainverse‐variance‐weighted (IVW), −0.07, 95% CI −0.11 to −0.03; p = 3.22 × 10−4), but not insulin levels. In time‐specific analyses, independent effects of birth weight were absent in female participants, and were more pronounced in male participants. Independent effects of childhood BMI were attenuated in both sexes; independent effects of adult traits differed by sex.

Conclusions

Our findings provide evidence for causal and independent effects of sex‐ and time‐specific anthropometric traits on glycaemic variables, and highlight the importance of considering multiple obesity exposures at different time points in the life course.
Separate and combined effects of empagliflozin and semaglutide on vascular function: A 32‐week randomized trial
Authors: Vernstrøm Liv , Gullaksen Søren , Sørensen Steffen S. , Funck Kristian L. , Laugesen Esben , Poulsen Per L.
Published: January 2024

Aim

Despite the increasing use of combination treatment with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, data are limited on the effects of combination treatment on markers of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of empagliflozin, semaglutide, and their combination on vascular function.

Materials and Methods

In total, 120 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized into four groups (n = 30 in each) for 32 weeks: placebo, semaglutide, empagliflozin, and their combination. The study had two co‐primary outcomes: change in arterial stiffness and kidney oxygenation. This paper reports on arterial stiffness assessed as carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity. Secondary outcomes included 24‐h blood pressure (BP), 24‐h central BP, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio and glycaemic control assessed by both continuous glucose monitoring and glycated haemoglobin.

Results

The carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity did not change significantly in any of the groups compared with placebo. Twenty‐four‐hour systolic BP was reduced by 10 mmHg (95% CI 6–14), p < .001 in the combination group, significantly superior to both placebo and monotherapy (p < .05). Combination treatment increased glycaemic time in range from 72% at baseline to 91% at week 32, p < .001, without increasing time below range. The urinary albumin to creatinine ratio decreased by 36% (95% CI 4–57), p = .03 in the combination group compared with placebo.

Conclusions

Empagliflozin, semaglutide, or their combination did not reduce arterial stiffness. Combination treatment showed a substantial and clinically important reduction in 24‐h systolic BP compared with either treatment alone. Combination treatment increased glycaemic time in range without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia.
ChatGPT and Python programming homework
Authors: Ellis Michael E. , Casey K. Mike , Hill Geoffrey
Published: January 2024

Large Language Model (LLM) artificial intelligence tools present a unique challenge for educators who teach programming languages. While LLMs like ChatGPT have been well documented for their ability to complete exams and create prose, there is a noticeable lack of research into their ability to solve problems using high‐level programming languages. Like many other university educators, those teaching programming courses would like to detect if students submit assignments generated by an LLM. To investigate grade performance and the likelihood of instructors identifying code generated by artificial intelligence (AI) tools, we compare code generated by students and ChatGPT for introductory Python homework assignments. Our research reveals mixed results on both counts, with ChatGPT performing like a mid‐range student on assignments and seasoned instructors struggling to detect AI‐generated code. This indicates that although AI‐generated results may not always be identifiable, they do not currently yield results approaching those of diligent students. We describe our methodology for selecting and evaluating the code examples, the results of our comparison, and the implications for future classes. We conclude with recommendations for how instructors of programming courses can mitigate student use of LLM tools as well as articulate the inherent value of preserving students’ individual creativity in producing programming languages.
A role of frontal association cortex in long‐term object recognition memory of objects with complex features in rats
Authors: Masmudi‐Martín Mariam , López‐Aranda Manuel F. , Navarro‐Lobato Irene , Khan Zafar U.
Published: January 2024

Perirhinal cortex is a brain area that has been considered crucial for the object recognition memory (ORM). However, with the use of an ORM enhancer named RGS14414 as gain‐in‐function tool, we show here that frontal association cortex and not the Perirhinal cortex is essential for the ORM of objects with complex features that consisted of detailed drawing on the object surface (complex ORM). An expression of RGS14414, in rat brain frontal association cortex, induced the formation of long‐term complex ORM, whereas the expression of the same memory enhancer in Perirhinal cortex failed to produce this effect. Instead, RGS14414 expression in Perirhinal cortex caused the formation of ORM of objects with simple features that consisted of the shape of object (simple ORM). Further, a selective elimination of frontal association cortex neurons by treatment with an immunotoxin Ox7‐SAP completely abrogated the formation of complex ORM. Thus, our results suggest that frontal association cortex plays a key role in processing of a high‐order recognition memory information in brain.
Restricted genetic connectivity and conservation prospects of Bagrid catfish, Bagrus orientalis, populations in the Rufiji River basin, Tanzania
Authors: Saiperaki Jackson L. , Materu Silvia F. , Mkenda Prisila A. , Ligate Elly J. , Rumisha Cyrus
Published: January 2024

The Bagrid catfish, Bagrus orientalis, historically sustained communities in the Rufiji River basin (RRB), Tanzania, but has rapidly declined due to high consumer demand and unsustainable fishing. Consequently, a Ramsar site was designated within the RRB, although its potential to revitalize overexploited populations beyond its boundaries is uncertain because of limited information on genetic connectivity. To address this uncertainty, 158 partial cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences of B. orientalis were analyzed to quantify genetic connectivity in the RRB. We observed significant genetic differentiation, indicating limited connectivity among populations. Populations in the Ramsar site were genetically connected to those in the Kilombero Valley Floodplain (KVFP), but were distinct from those in Ruaha and Rufiji, which clustered separately. Our findings suggested the Ramsar site could revitalize overexploited KVFP populations, and emphasized the need for sustained efforts against its encroachment. However, limited genetic connectivity with Ruaha and Rufiji implied that conservation measures in the site might have restricted effect in these areas. Conservation efforts should extend beyond the Ramsar site, by promoting sustainable fishing and enhancing habitat connectivity in Ruaha and Rufiji.
Health‐related quality of life of Indonesian children with hemophilia
Authors: Maimon Elsa , Widjajanto Pudjo Hagung , Sitaresmi Mei Neni
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Measuring health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in haemophilia patients provides a comprehensive patient's functional and the impact of the disease and its treatment.

Aim

This study aimed to assess the HRQoL of haemophilia children and related factors.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study from 6 April 2019 to 29 April 2019. We recruited children aged 8–16 years old who were members of the Yogyakarta Province Branch, Indonesian Haemophilia Society. Children filled in the Indonesian Haemo‐QoL short‐version questionnaire that consists of nine dimensions, and the score ranges from 0 to 100, in which a higher score shows a higher impartment.

Results

Forty‐four children participated in this study. The mean age was 11.99 + 2.49. The median age of the first bleeding episode was 5 years, and the median frequency of spontaneous bleeding during the previous year was 13.5. All children received antihemophilic factor (AHF) on‐demand; most (81.8%) received AHF in the advanced symptoms. The mean total score of HRQoL was 42.7 ± 15.5, with the highest impairment in the family dimension, with a mean score of 68.0 ± 22.3. The severity of haemophilia was significantly correlated with the total score of HRQoL and dimensions of physical health, feeling, view, and family (effect size ranges from 0.30 to 0.42). The frequency of bleeding was significantly related to the total score of HRQoL and the feeling dimension (effect size of 0.47 and 0.34).

Conclusion

The HRQoL of our study was lower than in countries where AHF prophylactic is provided. More severe haemophilia and more frequent bleeding significantly lower HRQoL.
Development and validation of a prognostic model for 90‐day survival in patients with alcohol‐associated cirrhosis and acute decompensation
Authors: Quan Hui , Yu Hao , Liu Xiao‐Li , Xiong Fei‐Xiang , Hou Yi‐Xin , Wang Xian‐Bo , Yang Zhi‐Yun , Jiang Yu‐Yong
Published: January 2024

Background/purpose

Patients with alcohol‐associated cirrhosis and acute decompensation are considered critically ill and have a higher risk of short‐term mortality. This study aimed to establish a nomogram to evaluate their 90‐day survival and identify factors that affect disease progression.

Methods

We included patients from September 2008 to December 2016 (n = 387 in the derivation group) and from January 2017 to August 2020 (n = 157 in the validation group). LASSO regression and Cox multivariate risk regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of the 90‐day mortality risk, and a nomogram was constructed. The performance of a model was analyzed based on the C‐index, area under the receiver operating curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.

Results

Total bilirubin >10 upper limit of normal, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, lymphocyte and monocyte ratios ≤2.33, white blood cells, and hemoglobin were identified as independent risk factors affecting the 90‐day mortality risk of patients and the nomogram was developed. A nomogram demonstrated excellent model predictive accuracy in both the derivation and validation cohorts (C‐index: 0.976 and 0.945), which was better than other commonly used liver scoring models (p < 0.05). The nomogram also performed good calibration ability and more clinical net benefit. According to the nomogram score, patients were divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups. Mortality was significantly higher in the high‐risk group than in the low‐risk group (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The nomogram could accurately predict the 90‐day mortality risk in patients with alcohol‐associated cirrhosis and acute decompensation, helping to identify high‐risk patients and personalize treatment at their first admission.
Doctoral students from Chinese prestigious universities who wish to work in the government sector: Perceptions and mechanisms
Authors: Yin Yue , Zhang Huirui , Tan Yue
Published: January 2024

This paper addresses the perceptions and mechanisms of doctoral student job decisions regarding the pursuit of careers in the government sector in China. Through the lens of social cognitive career theory (SCCT), we analysed 30 semi‐structured interviews that had been conducted with doctoral students from two prestigious Chinese universities who wish to work as civil servants. This study describes doctoral students' understanding of careers in government employment from the perspectives of work content, promotion channels and professional norms. The mechanisms influencing student career choices include personal goals, self‐efficacy, outcome expectations and environment. The clear goal of political ambition and work–life balance directly drives doctoral students to choose government institutions for employment. The diploma signal of doctoral degree itself and  academic training give doctoral students a high sense of self‐efficacy, which is necessary for their choice of employment in the government. Occupational safety, occupational benefits and occupational value constitute the expectations of positive outcomes providing doctoral students with good feedback. In the current environment, the labour market situation and the impetus of universities combine to form a push force and the preferential recruitment policies of the state form a pull force, which jointly promote doctoral students to make decisions to work in government sector. In this paper, the fact that the Chinese government introduced the ‘special selected graduates’ scheme for doctoral students from prestigious universities in hope of recruiting intellectual elites to improve the quality of civil servants and the modernization level of social governance. Universities encourage PhD graduates to enter the government, hoping that this would enhance their social influence and reputation, thereby safeguarding their status as prestigious universities. From an institutional perspective, the process of doctoral students becoming civil servants can be said to be a form of cooperation between the government and universities.
Screening and prevention of HPV‐related anogenital cancers in women living with HIV in Europe: Results from a systematic review
Authors: Krankowska Dagny , Mazzitelli Maria , Ucak Hazal Albayrak , Orviz Eva , Karakoc Hanife Nur , Mortimer Harriet , Aebi‐Popp Karoline , Gilleece Yvonne
Published: January 2024

Background

Women living with HIV (WLWH) are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related cancers. Throughout Europe, there is great heterogeneity among guidelines for screening programmes, access to HPV testing and HPV vaccination. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize available data on screening and prevention measures for HPV‐related anogenital cancers in WLWH across the WHO European Region (WER).

Methods

The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered on Prospero. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched to identify available studies, written in English and published between 2011 and 2022. A metanalysis was conducted using random‐effects models to calculate pooled prevalence of HPV. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to country and HPV testing.

Results

Thirty‐four articles involving 10 336 WLWH met the inclusion criteria. Studies were heterogenous in their methodology and presentation of results: 73.5% of studies focused on cervical cancer prevention, and only 4.4% on anal cancer; 76.5% of studies conducted HPV testing as a routine part of screening. The prevalence of high‐risk HPV was 30.5–33.9% depending on the detection method used. A total of 77% of WLWH had cervical cytology results reported. Six studies reported the positive association of CD4 cell count <200 cells/μL with HPV prevalence and cervical abnormalities. Anal HPV testing was conducted in <8% of participants. HPV vaccination was completed in 5.6% of women (106/1902) with known vaccination status. There was no information about the vaccination status of the majority of women in the analysed studies (8434/10336).

Conclusion

Data about screening of HPV‐related anogenital cancer in WLWH in Europe are heterogenous and lacking, especially in relation to anal cancer. HPV DNA testing is not routinely done as part of screening for HPV‐related cancer; guidelines should include indications for when to use this test. Low CD4 count is a risk factor for HPV infection and cytological abnormalities. HPV vaccination data are poor and, when available, vaccination rates are very low among WLWH in Europe. This review concludes that significant improvements are required for data and also consistency on guidelines for HPV screening, prevention and vaccination in WLWH.
Indosinian anatexis of Paleoproterozoic granites in the east Cathaysia Block, South China
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhou Hanwen , Zhou Xiaohua , Zhao Xilin , Liu Huan , Jiang Yang , Li Chunzhong
Published: January 2024

Granulite facies metamorphism and crustal anatexis exist in the East Cathaysia Block, the exact timing of granulite facies partial melting and its link with orogenesis have not been well constrained. In this study, we carried out petrography, whole rock geochemistry, and zircon U–Pb dating, trace elements and Hf isotopes analyses on Dazhe gneissic granite and banded migmatite from the Badu Group in southwest Zhejiang province in the East Cathaysia Block. The melts were produced through the dehydration of biotite, such as biotite + quartz + plagioclase = orthopyroxene + K‐feldspar + melt and biotite + quartz + plagioclase + sillimanite = garnet + K‐feldspar + melt. Zircons from these rocks show clear core‐rim structure and yield rim and core concordant ages at 233 Ma and 1.83 Ga, respectively. The zircon rims suggesting the melts and the cores are suggesting the protolith of Dazhe gneissic granite and banded migmatite were crystallized from an evolving magma. The zircon cores and rims have negative εHf(t) = −2.2 ~ −6.3 and εHf(t) = −22.8 ~ −32.4, and they give suggestion of the presence of Neoarchean components. Although the major‐element compositions of the gneissic granite and banded migmatite are slightly different, the trace‐element spider diagram and REE pattern show they are similar, and then we find that the protoliths are A‐type granodiorite/diorite. Combined with the published data, we suggested that the Dazhe gneissic granite and banded migmatite were formed through granulite facies partial melting at 233 Ma, which was promoted by crustal shortening and thickening of the collision orogeny between East Cathaysia Block and an unknown terrane with a NNE trend structure line. The protoliths (granite or granodiorite) of Dazhe gneissic granite and banded migmatite crystallized at 1.83 Ga by reworking of the Neoarchean components of East Cathaysia Block. The Paleoproterozoic (1912–1819 Ma) collisional orogeny and the later intraplate rifting stage are corresponding to the aggregation and breakup of the Columbia supercontinent.
Back to where it started?—Do expanded auditor's reports become sticky, generic and boilerplate over time?
Authors: Seebeck Andreas
Published: January 2024

Although auditing standards instruct auditors to avoid issuing standardised key audit matters (KAMs), standard setters warn and financial statement users worry about expanded auditor's reports becoming sticky, generic and boilerplate over time. Based on textual analysis of expanded auditor's reports from the UK, I provide longitudinal evidence of an increase in various textual similarity measures including year‐over‐year similarity (stickiness), within‐peer group similarity (generality) and boilerplate language over time. Next, I identify a number of crucial drivers of convergence and find that disclosure similarity diminishes the positive capital market effect of precise KAM reporting documented in prior studies. Together, these findings suggest that audit firms have successively developed standard text modules for KAM reporting that undermine the aim of expanded auditor's reports to provide informative value. This paper extends the literature on the relationship between institutional environments and unintended effects of auditor disclosure regulation.
Baked sorghum tortilla chips: effects of baking conditions on physicochemical properties
Authors: Messina Valeria , Xu Binghan , Khoddami Ali , Roberts Thomas H.
Published: January 2024

Wholegrain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is nutritious and gluten‐free. Despite its health benefits, the potential for wholegrain sorghum to be incorporated into a large range of food products in Western countries is yet to be realised. In this study, we developed oven‐baked sorghum‐based tortilla chips to create a healthy sugar‐free product for the snack market. Tortilla chips were made separately with flour from white sorghum (cv. Liberty) and a red sorghum (cv. Taurus), each mixed with corn flour (85:15% w/w) to give a gluten‐free product, as well as a corn‐wheat control (85:15% w/w). Three parameters for the baking process were varied: dough sheet thickness (0.95 and 1.45 mm), baking temperature (160 and 180 °C) and baking time (2 and 4 min). Physicochemical properties of the tortilla chips were then determined: moisture content, water activity, degree of puffiness, colour and texture parameters. Dough sheet thickness had significant effects on tortilla chip quality, although baking time and temperature had the greatest effects. Increasing temperature and time decreased moisture content, water activity and degree of puffiness, but increased hardness, fracturability and brownness index. Among those tested, the best conditions for preparing sorghum tortilla chips were dough sheet thickness of 0.95 mm, baking temperature of 160 °C and baking time of 4 min. The properties of the white sorghum tortilla chips were closer than the red sorghum tortilla chips to those of the corn‐wheat control. The sorghum tortilla chips developed are a healthy gluten‐free snack with favourable physiochemical properties.
Effects of kombucha bacterial cellulose on wheat dough properties
Authors: Wu Jiaqi , Li Li , Ma Sen
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate how kombucha bacterial cellulose (KBC) affects the characteristics of dough. Wheat flour was substituted with different proportions of KBC (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%), and the chemical components of KBC and the mixed powder were analysed at various substitution levels. The findings indicated that using KBC led to extended durations and enhanced stability of dough formation, decreased degree of weakening, increased relaxing time, and significantly reduced peak viscosity, trough viscosity, and final viscosity. Additionally, the process of gelatinisation was impeded. Unlike other dietary fibres, adding low amounts of KBC to flour and dough not only maintains their quality but also improved many other characteristics. When added in low quantities of 1% and 3%, KBC improved various dough properties, including enhancing gluten strength, stabilising the gluten structure, and improving viscoelasticity. Overall, this study provided insights into the impact of KBC on the dough structure.
Professional identity and representations of advanced practice nurses specialising in psychiatry and mental health: A national study
Authors: Damien Croguennec , Marion Darras‐Hostens , Deborah Sebbane , Margot Morgiève
Published: January 2024

Advanced practice nurses constitute a new professional group within the French health care system. Advanced practice nurses specialise in one of five disciplines including Psychiatry/Mental‐Health. This specific discipline is strongly marked by stigmatising representations by healthcare users and other health professionals (including other advanced practice nurses), whose consequences have a deleterious effect. The aim was to highlight all advanced practice nurses representation of Psychiatry/Mental‐Health advanced practice nurses. An observational descriptive survey, based on an anonymous online questionnaire was conducted in April 2022 among qualified and student advanced practice nurses from the five specialist disciplines. Overall, 356 advanced practice nurses completed the survey questionnaire. No significant difference in stigmatising representations of Psychiatry/Mental‐Health advanced practice nurses versus other advanced practice nurses was observed. Only 3.3% of other advanced practice nurses thought that Psychiatry/Mental‐Health advanced practice nurses are often ‘strange’. Psychiatry/Mental‐Health advanced practice nurses and other advanced practice nurses appeared to have similar representations of the professional roles of advanced practice nurses in general and of advanced practice nurses APN specifically. Unlike other professionals in the psychiatric field (e.g. medical interns, nurses), very little stigmatisation of Psychiatry/Mental‐Health advanced practice nurses by their colleagues (i.e. other advanced practice nurses) was observed. This could be partly due to the fact that advanced practice nurses professional identity appeared to be built collectively around the concept of advanced practice. Advanced practice nurses constitute a professional group that is fully involved in contemporary transformations in care and organisational innovation. The very low level of stigmatisation of Psychiatry/Mental‐Health advanced practice nurses by other advanced practice nurses in our study suggests that these new healthcare actors could play a crucial role in the improvement of professional health practices, particularly in terms of improved coordination between psychiatric‐care and physical‐care.
Sleep quality, coping, and related depression: A cross‐sectional study of Turkish nurses
Authors: Topal Kılıncarslan Gülseda , Özcan Algül Ayşegül , Gördeles Beşer Nalan
Published: January 2024

Background

The sleep quality of nurses affects both their health and standard of nursing care. Working conditions, depression, and coping potential can also lead to sleep problems.

Introduction

Sleep plays a crucial role in overall health at every stage of life. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of sleep quality, depression, and coping mechanisms on the performance of nurses, whose sleep quality is strongly affected due to shift‐based work.

Methods

The sample of this descriptive correlational study consisted of 133 healthcare workers. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Coping Response Inventory (CRI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and evaluated using the t test, Mann–Whitney U test, one‐way ANOVA, Enter method, and linear regression.

Findings

One in three nurses reported having poor‐quality sleep, and one in two nurses said they felt sleepy during the day. With declining sleep quality, the nurses' ability to cope with stress diminished, and their degree of depression increased.

Discussion

The nurses' financial situation and level of depression were key factors that influenced their quality of sleep and capacity to handle stress. To improve nurses' sleep, the shift pattern needs to change.

Conclusion

To increase the quantity of sleep and enhance mental health, changes should be made to the shift schedules of nurses to allow for appropriate rest and reduce daytime sleepiness.

Implications for nursing practice and policies

Improved working conditions for nurses and updated nursing standards are required to improve nurses health and wellbeng.
From the mountains to the sea: Rethinking Mediterranean glacial refugia as dynamic entities
Authors: Chiocchio Andrea , Maiorano Luigi , Pezzarossa Alice , Bisconti Roberta , Canestrelli Daniele
Published: January 2024

Aim

Glacial refugia are areas of primary importance for the evolution and conservation of biodiversity. Yet, their geographic location remains loosely defined even in intensively studied areas, preventing a thorough understanding of their role in the spatiotemporal biodiversity dynamics. With this study, we aim to locate the major glacial refugia within the biodiversity hotspot of the Italian peninsula, to understand the processes that warranted the long‐term persistence of biodiversity in the face of climate changes.

Location

Italian peninsula.

Taxon

Terrestrial vertebrates.

Methods

We calibrated species distribution models (SDM) for 22 lineages of terrestrial vertebrates endemic to the Italian peninsula and projected the SDMs to the last‐glacial maximum conditions. Then, we combined single‐lineage projections to investigate the location and spatiotemporal dynamics of multi‐species glacial refugia.

Results

Multi‐species refugia were mostly found in coastal areas that have been flooded by the post‐glacial marine transgressions, and that are currently below the sea level. Indeed, we identified six major areas acting as glacial refugia, mainly located outside the current coastline in the southern part of the peninsula and along the western coast. These areas were close to previously inferred locations of glacial refugia and genetic diversity hotspots, but none coincided with them.

Conclusions

Results from this study outline glacial refugia as highly dynamic units. Most of the identified refugial areas have been lost by post‐glacial sea‐level rise. Accordingly, species persistence through the Late Pleistocene was not granted by long‐term environmental stability, but by the opportunity to shift species' distributions along altitudinal gradients, following changes in climate and habitat suitability. Notably, our results decouple glacial refugia from hotspots of genetic diversity. Thus, the current location of a hotspot should not be taken as evidence for the occurrence of a glacial refugium in that location—even though a refugium is likely to be located somewhere nearby.
Hostile activism: Hostile tactics or hostile hedge funds?
Authors: Benedetti Hugo , Nikbakht Ehsan , Spieler Andrew C.
Published: January 2024

In this article, we examine reputation building by activist hedge funds and provide two new findings regarding hostile activism. First, we find evidence of a permanent reputation effect to hostile activism. Activist hedge funds that have engaged in hostile tactics receive on average a 3% higher cumulative abnormal return (CAR) [−10, +10] on their subsequent nonhostile campaigns compared to hedge funds that have not engaged in hostile tactics. This abnormal return is positively related to the level of the hostile reputation of the activist hedge fund. Second, we find that activist hedge funds with higher hostile reputations modify their nonhostile activism style to engage hostile‐like targets and pursue hostile‐like objectives but withhold the use of explicitly hostile tactics. These findings imply that (1) hedge funds can build a hostile reputation using their past engagement tactics and (2) market participants perceive and value such reputation as evidenced by the higher announcement return observed in subsequent targets.
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with lenvatinib and PD‐1 inhibitors versus lenvatinib and PD‐1 inhibitors for HCC refractory to TACE
Authors: Diao Lingfeng , Wang Chendong , You Ran , Leng Bin , Yu Zeyu , Xu Qingyu , Cheng Yuan , Yin Guowen
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim

The study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) combined with lenvatinib and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) versus lenvatinib and ICIs for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) refractoriness.

Methods

Patients with intermediate or advanced TACE‐refractory HCC who received lenvatinib and ICIs with or without HAIC between 2020 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The tumor response, overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Factors affecting OS and PFS were identified with univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Results

A total of 121 patients were enrolled, with 58 patients assigned to the HAIC‐Len‐ICI group and 63 patients assigned to the Len‐ICI group. A higher objective response rate and disease control rate were found in the HAIC‐Len‐ICI group than in the Len‐ICI group (48.30% vs 23.80%, P = 0.005; 87.90% vs 69.80%, P = 0.02, respectively). The median OS was 24.0 months in the HAIC‐Len‐ICI group and 13.0 months in the Len‐ICI group (P = 0.001). The median PFS was 13.0 months in the HAIC‐Len‐ICI group and 7.2 months in the Len‐ICI group (P < 0.001). Multivariable analyses suggested that the presence of cirrhosis, Child–Pugh B stage, and HAIC‐Len‐ICI therapy option were prognostic factors for OS and PFS. The incidences of any grade and grade 3/4 TRAEs were both comparable between the two groups.

Conclusions

HAIC combined with lenvatinib and ICIs yielded better OS, PFS, ORR, and DCR than lenvatinib‐ICI therapy in patients with HCC refractory to TACE, with manageable adverse events.
Delirium detection tools show varying completion rates and positive score rates when used at scale in routine practice in general hospital settings: A systematic review
Authors: Penfold Rose S. , Squires Charlotte , Angus Alisa , Shenkin Susan D. , Ibitoye Temi , Tieges Zoë , Neufeld Karin J. , Avelino‐Silva Thiago J. , Davis Daniel , Anand Atul , Duckworth Andrew D. , Guthrie Bruce , MacLullich Alasdair M. J.
Published: January 2024

Background

Multiple short delirium detection tools have been validated in research studies and implemented in routine care, but there has been little study of these tools in real‐world conditions. This systematic review synthesized literature reporting completion rates and/or delirium positive score rates of detection tools in large clinical populations in general hospital settings.

Methods

PROSPERO (CRD42022385166).

Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and gray literature were searched from 1980 to December 31, 2022. Included studies or audit reports used a validated delirium detection tool performed directly with the patient as part of routine care in large clinical populations (n ≥ 1000) within a general acute hospital setting. Narrative synthesis was performed.

Results

Twenty‐two research studies and four audit reports were included. Tools used alone or in combination were the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), 4 ‘A's Test (4AT), Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOSS), Brief CAM (bCAM), Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (NuDESC), and Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC). Populations and settings varied and tools were used at different stages and frequencies in the patient journey, including on admission only; inpatient, daily or more frequently; on admission and as inpatient; inpatient post‐operatively. Tool completion rates ranged from 19% to 100%. Admission positive score rates ranged from: CAM 8%–51%; 4AT 13%–20%. Inpatient positive score rates ranged from: CAM 2%–20%, DOSS 6%–42%, and NuDESC 5–13%. Postoperative positive score rates were 21% and 28% (4AT). All but two studies had moderate–high risk of bias.

Conclusions

This systematic review of delirium detection tool implementation in large acute patient populations found clinically important variability in tool completion rates, and in delirium positive score rates relative to expected delirium prevalence. This study highlights a need for greater reporting and analysis of relevant healthcare systems data. This is vital to advance understanding of effective delirium detection in routine care.
A Qualitative Study of Hospitals and Payers Implementing Community Doula Support
Authors: Gebel Christina , Larson Elysia , Olden Heather A. , Safon Cara B. , Rhone Tonia J. , Amutah‐Onukagha Ndidiamaka N.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The impact of doula care on birth outcomes is well‐established; however, doula support remains underutilized. Identifying barriers and facilitators to implementation is integral as the demand for doula care increases. The primary objective of this study was to examine doula program implementation across hospitals and payers at varying stages of implementation.

Methods

Representatives from 4 hospitals and 2 payers participated in focus group discussions. The doula programs were categorized as anticipated, initial, and advanced implementation statuses. Coding and thematic analysis were conducted using a deductive application of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results

There were 20 participants across 5 focus group discussions. Participants were mostly female, and nearly all had worked at their organization for at least 2 years. Salient themes shared across participants included valuing internal outcome data or peer‐reviewed literature to support doula care as well as anecdotal stories; the reality of the resource‐intensive nature of doula care implementation that goes beyond funding for doulas; and both the need for individual champions for change, such as midwives, and a supportive organizational culture that values health equity.

Discussion

The findings of this study highlight 3 contextual aspects that should be considered when implementing doula programs. These recommendations include: (1) use of a combination of research evidence and anecdotes when eliciting stakeholder support; (2) consideration of resources beyond funding such as program implementation support; (3) critical evaluation of organizational culture as a primary driver influencing the implementation of doula care. The future of the doula workforce in United States hospitals rests on the crux of intentional buy‐in from hospital administration and clinical providers as well as the availability of requisite resources.