bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical study on bodyweight and body fat among students from the Physical Education and Sport Faculty in Iaşi
Authors: Neculăeş Marius , Lucaci Paul
Published: September 2016

This papers aims at identifying the mean body mass index and body fat percentage among students from Physical Education and Sport Faculty in Iaşi.

The study was conducted on a series of 297 students majoring in Physical Education and Sports, but also in Kinetotherapy and Special Motricity (bachelor studies and master studies). By determining the body mass index mean and body fat mean for students within five specialties, we managed to classify them into categories. The assessment of body mass index was conducted using the standard formula BMI= weight in kilograms/height in meters2 and that of body fat using the Fat Track II body fat calliper.

Research findings highlighted that the body mass index mean values for each academic year range within normal parameters. As for body fat, the mean value of all academic years ranges in the “very good” and “good” categories. Whereas most mean values range within normal limits, it must not be neglected that overweight or underweight cases were also pinpointed, which should be a warning sign for the future specialists in the field of Physical Education and Sports.
Mesoscale twinning in shells of Pinctada martensii
Authors: He Jianhan , Zhao Shanrong , Wei Zhuliang , Bismayer Ulrich
Published: September 2016

Biominerals have attracted multidiscipline interest (e.g. in material, medical and bio-geosciences) due to their unique organic–inorganic microtexture. In this work, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and topological analysis of pole figures show that aragonite nacreous layers of Pinctada martensii (marine bivalve) shells have a mesocrystalline organization, which consists of at least a two-level domain structure. Primary domains are related by twin laws. The twinning between the primary domains is described as “mesotwinning.” Each domain is twinned by (110) planes. Secondary domains inside the primary domains are submicrometre units, ranging from several to hundreds of microns in dimension. The secondary domains are separated by low-angle grain boundaries. Angles between primary domains are ca. 63.5° or 52.5°; angles between secondary domains range from 5° to 12°. The twin relationship is quantified and twin boundary patterns are discussed.
Purpureone, an antileishmanial ergochrome from the endophytic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum
Authors: Lenta Bruno Ndjakou , Ngatchou Jules , Frese Marcel , Ladoh-Yemeda Flora , Voundi Steve , Nardella Flore , Michalek Carmela , Wibberg Daniel , Ngouela Silvère , Tsamo Etienne , Kaiser Marcel , Kalinowski Jörn , Sewald Norbert
Published: September 2016

The ethyl acetate extracts prepared from the mycelia of three endophytic fungi Purpureocillium lilacinum, Aspergillus sp., and Fusarium sp., isolated from the roots of Rauvolfia macrophylla (Apocynaceae) were screened for their antiprotozoal activity in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum (NF54), Leishmania donovani, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and Trypanosoma cruzi. Amongst these extracts, the one from P. lilacinum showed potent antileishmanial activity against L. donovani (IC50 value of 0.174 μg mL−1) with good selectivity (SI=94.9) toward the L6 cell line, whereas the other extracts were inactive and not selective. The fractionation and purification of the active extract from P. lilacinum by column chromatography over silica gel yielded a new ergochromone derivative (1), together with six known compounds: (22E,24R)-stigmasta-5,7,22-trien-3-β-ol (2), (22E,24R)-stigmasta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (3), emodin (4), chrysophanol (5), aloe-emodin (6), and palmitic acid, whose structures were elucidated spectroscopically. Compound 1 was tested in vitro for its antiparasitic activities against the above listed parasites and for its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Providencia stuartii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The compound displayed potent antileishmanial activity against L. donovani with an IC50 value of 0.63 μg mL−1 (0.87 μm) with good selectivity (SI=49.5) toward the L6 cell line. It also exhibited good antibacterial activity against three of the tested microbial strains B. cereus, E. coli ATCC879, and P. stuartii ATCC29916 with minimum inhibitory concentrations below 62.6 μg mL−1. Compound 1 is thus a promising active compound that could be investigated for antileishmanial and antimicrobial drug development.
Magnetic Resonance Study of the Spin-1/2 Quantum Magnet BaAg2Cu[VO4]2
Authors: Krupskaya Yulia , Schäpers Markus , Wolter Anja U.B. , Grafe Hans-Joachim , Vavilova Evgeniya , Möller Angela , Büchner Bernd , Kataev Vladislav
Published: September 2016

BaAg2Cu[VO4]2 contains Cu(II) S=1/2 ions on a distorted two-dimensional triangular lattice interconnected via non-magnetic [VO4] entities. DFT band structure calculations, quantum Monte-Carlo simulations, and high-field magnetization measurements show that the magnetism of this compound is determined by a superposition of ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) uniform spin-1/2 chains with nearest neighbor exchange couplings of J
FM=−19 K and J
AFM=9.5 K (A. Tsirlin, A. Möller, B. Lorenz, Y. Skourski, H. Rosner, Phys. Rev. B 85 (2012) 014401). Here we report the study of BaAg2Cu[VO4]2 by high-field/frequency electron spin resonance (HF-ESR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, which probe the local magnetic properties. In the HF-ESR measurements, we observe an anisotropic ESR spectrum typical for the Cu(II) ions and determine the g-tensor, g
||=2.38 and g
⊥=2.06. Moreover, we see a substantial change in the spectral shape of the ESR lines at low temperatures indicating the presence of short range magnetic correlations. The analysis of the low-temperature ESR spectra shows that its peculiar structure is due to the development of the anisotropic internal fields corresponding to FM and AFM correlations in the respective Cu spin chains. In the NMR spectra the signals from 51V nuclei in the two types of chains were identified. The analysis of the temperature evolution of these signals strongly supports the ESR findings on the occurrence of two types of Cu chains. Altogether, the HF-ESR and NMR results confirm theoretical predictions of the superposition of FM and AFM Cu(II) spin-1/2 chains in the studied material.
Differential Effects of Continuous Versus Discontinuous Aerobic Training on Blood Pressure and Hemodynamics
Authors: Landram Michael J. , Utter Alan C. , Baldari Carlo , Guidetti Laura , McAnulty Steven R. , Collier Scott R.
Published: September 2016

Landram, MJ, Utter, AC, Baldari, C, Guidetti, L, McAnulty, SR, and Collier, SR. Differential effects of continuous versus discontinuous aerobic training on blood pressure and hemodynamics. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 97–104, 2018—The purpose of this study was to compare the hemodynamic, arterial stiffness, and blood flow changes after 4 weeks of either continuous or discontinuous aerobic exercise in adults. Forty-seven subjects between the ages of 18 and 57 were recruited for 1 month of either continuous aerobic treadmill work for 30 minutes at 70% max heart rate or 3 bouts of 10 minutes of exercise at 70% of max heart rate with two 10 minutes break periods in between, totaling 30 minutes of aerobic work. After exercise, both continuous (CON) and discontinuous (DIS) groups demonstrated a significant improvement in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max, CON 35.39 ± 1.99 to 38.19 ± 2.03; DIS 36.18 ± 1.82 to 39.33 ± 1.75), heart rate maximum (CON 183.5 ± 3.11 to 187.17 ± 3.06; DIS 179.06 ± 2.75 to 182 ± 2.61), decreases in systolic blood pressure (CON 119 ± 1.82 to 115.11 ± 1.50; DIS 117.44 ± 1.90 to 112.67 ± 1.66), diastolic blood pressure (CON 72.56 ± 1.65 to 70.56 ± 1.06; DIS 71.56 ± 1.59 to 69.56 ± 1.43), augmentation index (CON 17.17 ± 2.17 to 14.9 ± 1.92; DIS 19.71 ± 2.66 to 13.91 ± 2.46), central pulse wave velocity (CON 8.29 ± 0.32 to 6.92 ± 0.21; DIS 7.85 ± 0.30 to 6.83 ± 0.29), peripheral pulse wave velocity (CON 9.49 ± 0.35 to 7.72 ± 0.38; DIS 9.11 ± 0.37 to 7.58 ± 0.47), and significant increases in average forearm blood flow (CON 4.06 ± 0.12 to 4.34 ± 0.136; DIS 4.26 ± 0.18 to 4.53 ± 0.15), peak forearm blood flow (FBF) after reactive hyperemia (CON 28.45 ± 0.094 to 29.96 ± 0.45; DIS 29.29 ± 0.46 to 30.6 ± 0.38), area under the curve (AUC) of FBF (CON 28.65 ± 1.77 to 30.4 ± 1.08; DIS 30.52 ± 1.9 to 31.67 ± 1.44), and AUC peak FBF after reactive hyperemia (CON 222.3 ± 5.68 to 231.95 ± 4.42; DIS 230.81 ± 6.91 to 237.19 ± 5.39). These data suggest that for healthy people either 4 weeks of continuous or discontinuous aerobic training is effective in improving measures of fitness and vascular health.
Influence of a Personal Trainer on Self-selected Loading During Resistance Exercise
Authors: Dias Marcelo R.C. , Simão Roberto F. , Saavedra Francisco J.F. , Ratamess Nicholas A.
Published: September 2016

Dias, MRC, Simao, RF, Saavedra, FJF, and Ratamess, NA. Influence of a personal trainer on self-selected loading during resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1925–1930, 2017—The purpose of this study was to compare differences in muscle strength and self-selected resistance training intensities between trained subjects who trained under the supervision of a personal trainer (PT) and those who trained without supervision (WoPT). Twenty-one trained subjects, men (n = 12) and women (n = 9), completed 3 sessions (separated by 48 hours) in the following sequence: first session, self-selected intensity assessment consisting of performance of 3 sets of 10 repetitions for the leg press (LP), bench press (BP), leg extension (LE), and arm curl (AC) exercises with self-selected load; second session, a 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test to determine subjects' maximal strength in the 4 exercises; and third session, a 10RM test to determine the maximum load completed for 10 repetitions for each exercise. Self-selected training loads were significantly higher in PT compared with WoPT for the LP (by 15.6%), BP (by 26.6%), LE (by 12.1%), and AC (by 22.2%) exercises. Self-selected training loads expressed relative to 1RM and 10RM data were significantly higher in PT (49–59.5% of 1RM; 62.7–77.3% of 10RM) than WoPT (41–58.7% of 1RM; 58.7–76.2% of 10RM) with largest difference observed in the lower-body exercises. Ratings of perceived exertion values were significantly higher in PT compared with WoPT. The results of the present study indicated that supervised resistance training with a personal trainer was advantageous in trained subjects although self-selected loading was still considerably lower than 1RM and 10RM percentage values.
Comunicación de la ciencia y la tecnología en las universidades ecuatorianas: estudio preliminar del impacto y percepción entre la población universitaria / Communication of science and technology in universities of Ecuador
Authors: Cabrera Espín Sofía Isabel , Camarero Emma
Published: September 2016

Esta investigación es un estudio preliminar y una contextualización de la  divulgación de la ciencia y la tecnología a través de las redes sociales en las universidades ecuatorianas y configura los primeros resultados de la tesis doctoral de la principal autora. En concreto este estudio se centra en las instituciones de la provincia de Pichincha. En febrero de 2016 se desarrolló una encuesta en línea, con una muestra de 50  estudiantes por cada una de las universidades seleccionadas, para definir un estado de la cuestión que sirva de base para identificar y valorar los medios digitales universitarios más usados para informarse por parte de la población estudiantil. Una vez realizada esa encuesta, se procedió al análisis de las publicaciones de Facebook, la red social más utilizada por lo estudiantes en dicho período. El objetivo es identificar los modelos de divulgación de la ciencia que utilizan las universidades para seleccionar prácticas de comunicación efectivas en medios digitales.
Exploration and Production of Petroleum and Natural Gas
Authors: Riazi M. R.
Published: September 2016

Description

This manual highlights the most recent advances in petroleum upstream activities, with emphasis on

With the current climate of increased world population and consumption, the knowledge of advances in petroleum technology is vital to keeping fossil fuel usage affordable and clean. This book will be useful for designers, researchers, operators, managers, decision-makers, business professionals, and government officials.
Decommissioning Cost Estimation in the Deepwater U.S. Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Kaiser Mark J.
Published: September 2016

Deepwater structures are expensive to fabricate and install, and at the end of their useful life, will also be expensive to decommission. From 1989 to 2012, 15 structures in water depth greater than 400 ft were decommissioned in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. The purpose of this chapter is to estimate cost for well plugging and abandonment, conductor severance and removal, pipeline abandonment, umbilical and flowline removal, and platform removal for the 95 deepwater structures (50 fixed platforms, 3 compliant towers, and 42 floaters) in the Gulf of Mexico circa January 2013. Work decomposition algorithms developed by ProServe Offshore are combined with government databases and the author's generalizations to provide order-of-magnitude cost estimates for the deepwater structure inventory. Bullwinkle and Pompano are expected to be the most expensive fixed platform decommissioning projects estimated at $265 million and $203 million, respectively. Mars is expected to be the most expensive floater decommissioning at a cost of $336 million, followed by Ursa ($222 million), Auger ($205 million), and Hoover/Diana ($201 million). Total decommissioning liability for the deepwater structure inventory based on 2009–2010 market conditions and technologies and the collection of assumptions described herein, is estimated at $6.7 billion, $2.4 billion for fixed platforms and compliant towers, and $4.3 billion for floaters.
Solar Energy Integration in the Upstream Oil Supply Chain
Authors: Abureden Salah , Almansoori Ali , Elkamel Ali , Betancourt-Torcat Alberto
Published: September 2016

The production of oil requires a tremendous amount of energy through a distributed combustion network of processes along the oil supply chain spectrum. The consequences of fossil-based fuel combustion include the generation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and hazardous wastewater residues, which have adverse environmental effects. Moreover, GHG emissions impose indirect costs in terms of public health care expenses and environmental remediation measures on the society. Additionally, countries depending on fossil resource imports to meet their energy needs are exposed to the energy market cycles and geopolitical affairs. These events may represent significant economic distortions at regionals and locals levels. Potential mitigation options for GHG emissions are the application of renewable energy sources. This research deals with the integration of renewable energy systems in the upstream oil supply chain to evaluate the impact of energy demand and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on the oil operations efficiency and environment. The main focus is to evaluate solar energy as an alternative to produce part of the energy requirements in the upstream oil supply chain. In this chapter, potential solar energy integration in the upstream oil industry is identified to comply with CO2 constraints while sustaining production targets. An analysis of GHG emission sources and their associated flow rates in the upstream oil supply chain, mainly CO2, is also discussed in this chapter. An analysis of different types of solar energy options and the identification of the most suitable technologies for the oil and gas industry is studied.
Disruption of beta3 adrenergic receptor increases susceptibility to DIO in mouse
Authors: Preite Nailliw Z , Nascimento Bruna P P do , Muller Cynthia R , Américo Anna Laura V , Higa Talita S , Evangelista Fabiana S , Lancellotti Carmen L , Henriques Felipe dos Santos , Batista Miguel Luiz , Bianco Antonio C , Ribeiro Miriam O
Published: September 2016

The brown adipose tissue (BAT) mediates adaptive changes in metabolic rate by responding to the sympathetic nervous system through β-adrenergic receptors (AR). Here, we wished to define the role played by the ARβ3isoform in this process. This study focused on the ARβ3knockout mice (ARβ3KO), including responsiveness to cold exposure, diet-induced obesity, intolerance to glucose, dyslipidaemia and lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT). ARβ3KO mice defend core temperature during cold exposure (4°C for 5 h), with faster BAT thermal response to norepinephrine (NE) infusion when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Despite normal BAT thermogenesis, ARβ3KO mice kept on a high-fat diet (HFD; 40% fat) for 8 weeks exhibited greater susceptibility to diet-induced obesity, markedly increased epididymal adipocyte area with clear signs of inflammation. The HFD-induced glucose intolerance was similar in both groups but serum hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were less intense in ARβ3KO animals when compared with WT controls. Isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in isolated white adipocytes as assessed by glycerol release was significantly impaired in ARβ3KO animals despite normal expression of key proteins involved in lipid metabolism. In conclusion, ARβ3inactivation does not affect BAT thermogenesis but increases susceptibility to diet-induced obesity by dampening WAT lipolytic response to adrenergic stimulation.
Joint Prediction of the Effective Population Size and the Rate of Fixation of Deleterious Mutations
Authors: Santiago Enrique , Caballero Armando
Published: September 2016

Mutation, genetic drift, and selection are considered the main factors shaping genetic variation in nature. There is a lack, however, of general predictions accounting for the mutual interrelation between these factors. In the context of the background selection model, we provide a set of equations for the joint prediction of the effective population size and the rate of fixation of deleterious mutations, which are applicable both to sexual and asexual species. For a population of N haploid individuals and a model of deleterious mutations with effect s appearing with rate U in a genome L Morgans long, the asymptotic effective population size (Ne) and the average number of generations (T) between consecutive fixations can be approximated by Ne≈N exp [−2U/(2s +L) (1−1/UT)3] and T≈[exp(2sNe) −1]/[2UsNe]. The solution is applicable to Muller’s ratchet, providing satisfactory approximations to the rate of accumulation of mutations for a wide range of parameters. We also obtain predictions of the effective size accounting for the expected nucleotide diversity. Predictions for sexual populations allow for outlining the general conditions where mutational meltdown occurs. The equations can be extended to any distribution of mutational effects and the consideration of hotspots of recombination, showing that Ne is rather insensitive and not proportional to changes in N for many combinations of parameters. This could contribute to explain the observed small differences in levels of polymorphism between species with very different census sizes.
Working-for-Food Behaviors: A Preclinical Study in Prader-Willi Mutant Mice
Authors: Lassi Glenda , Maggi Silvia , Balzani Edoardo , Cosentini Ilaria , Garcia-Garcia Celina , Tucci Valter
Published: September 2016

Abnormal feeding behavior is one of the main symptoms of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). By studying a PWS mouse mutant line, which carries a paternally inherited deletion of the small nucleolar RNA 116 (Snord116), we observed significant changes in working-for-food behavioral responses at various timescales. In particular, we report that PWS mutant mice show a significant delay compared to wild-type littermate controls in responding to both hour-scale and seconds-to-minutes-scale time intervals. This timing shift in mutant mice is associated with better performance in the working-for-food task, and results in better decision making in these mutant mice. The results of our study reveal a novel aspect of the organization of feeding behavior, and advance the understanding of the interplay between the metabolic functions and cognitive mechanisms of PWS.
The concept of violence in modern political thought: Rousseau, The social contract and the preludes of revolutionary violence
Authors: Jiménez Javier , Zeledón Jorge
Published: September 2016

El escrito pretende discernir el significado teórico-filosófico de la violencia en el pensamiento político de J. J. Rousseau, teniendo como referente de estudio su obra El contrato social.
Más allá del principialismo: hacia una reconceptualización de la bioética
Authors: Casasola Rivera Wilmer
Published: September 2016

El artículo aborda el problema epistemológico del reduccionismo en bioética, esto es, el principialismo. Critica la carencia de rigurosidad conceptual de los cuatros principios y la negligencia académica de aceptar pasivamente estos principios sin mayor interpretación al punto de considerar la bioética producto de cuatro principios rectores. A este reduc- cionismo bioética se le llama aquí el dogma de la bioética. El artículo discute que para ir más allá del principialismo se debe antes realizar una reconceptualización de la bioética.
Bone Densitometry in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Bachrach Laura K. , Gordon Catherine M. ,   SECTION ON ENDOCRINOLOGY, Sills Irene N. , Lynch Jane L. , Casella Samuel J. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Gonzalez Jose L. , Wintergerst Kupper , Kaplowitz Paul B.
Published: September 2016

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed October 2022.

Concerns about bone health and potential fragility in children and adolescents have led to a high interest in bone densitometry. Pediatric patients with genetic and acquired chronic diseases, immobility, and inadequate nutrition may fail to achieve expected gains in bone size, mass, and strength, leaving them vulnerable to fracture. In older adults, bone densitometry has been shown to predict fracture risk and reflect response to therapy. The role of densitometry in the management of children at risk of bone fragility is less clear. This clinical report summarizes current knowledge about bone densitometry in the pediatric population, including indications for its use, interpretation of results, and risks and costs. The report emphasizes updated consensus statements generated at the 2013 Pediatric Position Development Conference of the International Society of Clinical Densitometry by an international panel of bone experts. Some of these recommendations are evidence-based, whereas others reflect expert opinion, because data are sparse on many topics. The statements from this and other expert panels provide general guidance to the pediatrician, but decisions about ordering and interpreting bone densitometry still require clinical judgment. The interpretation of bone densitometry results in children differs from that in older adults. The terms “osteopenia” and “osteoporosis” based on bone densitometry findings alone should not be used in younger patients; instead, bone mineral content or density that falls >2 SDs below expected is labeled “low for age.” Pediatric osteoporosis is defined by the Pediatric Position Development Conference by using 1 of the following criteria: ≥1 vertebral fractures occurring in the absence of local disease or high-energy trauma (without or with densitometry measurements) or low bone density for age and a significant fracture history (defined as ≥2 long bone fractures before 10 years of age or ≥3 long bone fractures before 19 years of age). Ongoing research will help define the indications and best methods for assessing bone strength in children and the clinical factors that contribute to fracture risk. The Pediatric Endocrine Society affirms the educational value of this publication.
Carter Versus Reagan: The Human Rights Records of Two Administrations
Authors: Kelley Michael A.
Published: September 2016

The emergence of human rights as a public concern during the Carter administration was a recrudescence of the long tradition of moralism in American foreign policy. Confident that the republic is the pinnacle of political, social, and human development, Americans have believed since 1776 that the “United States must be a beacon of human rights to an unregenerate world” (Schlesinger, 1978: 505). Yet, while to the founding fathers America’s avoidance of Europe’s evils of class, hierarchy, and power politics was to be its greatest glory it is quite clear that they intended the U.S. to illuminate the path to a better world by example not by action. John Quincy Adam’s famous July 4 speech explained his perception of America’s mission to the world.
OBTAINING OF NEW KNOWLEDGE IN CONCERNING «AIR CONDITIONING» AT THE RAILWAY TRANSPORT: SCIENTOMETRIC ASPECT
Authors: Kolesnykova T. O. , Pominova O. V. , Kolesnykov S. R.
Published: September 2016

Purpose. The research aimes at obtaining of new knowledge in «air conditioning» direction development at railway transport using products and services of Web of Science (WoS) scientometric database. Chronological frameworks of the studied scientific articles are – 2010-2015 years. Methodology. In order to obtain relevant empirical data the authors reviewed the world literature on the paper topic with the use of full-texts and abstract databases. The algorithm of «incremental» actions in WoS was considered according to: 1) forming the «core» of publications; 2) establishment of the most «top» issues; 3) identifying the most intellectually productive authors; 4) determining the representation level of thematic publications of Ukrainian scientists in WoS; 5) the presence of collaboration among scientists from different countries on the investigational subject. Findings. The authors proved: 1) climate comfort, energy efficiency and thermal comfort are the top-themes of «air conditioning» direction at railway transport; 2) Ukrainian scientists have not yet joined to the global processes in the thematic scientific information sharing; 3) the most intellectually productive authors of scientific articles are China’s scientists; 4) there is no information about international collaboration of scientists on the investigational subject. Originality. The authors firstly conducted scientometric research in the field of railway transport (subject area «air conditioning») on the basis of products and services in the global WoS citation database. Practical value. Based on the results, one can correct personal exploration research of individual scientists or research teams as well as predict further prospects of the subject «air conditioning» direction at the railway transport. Survey data may also be useful in the study of the «Scientific information system and scientometrics» subject, organization of workshops, training courses, etc.
ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF REPRESENTATION OF NUMBERS IN THE RESIDUO FROM ONE MODULE SYSTEM TO ANOTHER
Authors: Polissky Yu. D.
Published: September 2016

Purpose. The purpose of this work is the theoretical foundation of one of the approaches to improve the effectiveness of the number system in nonpositional residual classes non-modular, so-called complex operation, the realization of which requires knowledge of all the digits of operands charges. The operation consists in transformation of the representation of one of the modules of its representation in the other system of modules. Methodology. The tools of research methodology are the system analysis, theory of numbers, the Chinese remainder theorem. The technique uses a representation of number as its residues, and in the polyadic code and is based on the determination of the balance of the module based on the obtained residues on the remaining modules of the original system. Such a determination is performed by sequentially subtracting of constants from the obtained residues of the original number and summing of these constants to the results, which are formed by the required modules. Thus, constant at each iteration are selected from pre-calculated tables depending on the value of the residue in the analyzed discharge. The proposed method is algorithmically simple and at circuit implementation can create the computational structures of high performance and reliability. Findings. The theoretical justification for this approach to obtain effective solutions of non-modular transformation operation in the system of residual classes for transition from representation of the number by the one system of units to its representation by the other system of modules. Originality. A theoretical justification of the proposed approach to the solution of a non-modular conversion operations in the residue number system for the transition from representation of number in one system of units to its representation in the other system of modules was proposed. This approach is appropriate to consider as one of the areas of research ways to improve the computational efficiency. Practical value. It follows from the importance of the theoretical conclusions and results of the study. It consists in the fact that it is justified a simple and effective approach to the problem of implementation of non-modular conversion operations in the residue number system for the transition from representation of the number in one system of units to its representation in the other system of modules. The above mentioned solutions have a high speed and may be effective in the development of modular computing structures for advanced information technologies.
ABOUT THE ISSUE OF CARBIDES FE3C AND FE7C3 FORMATION IN HIGH-CHROMIUM CAST IRONS
Authors: Netrebko V. V.
Published: September 2016

Purpose. This article analyzes the formation conditions, transformation and systematization of carbide phases formed in the system Fe – C – Cr.Methodology. Conversion of the elements’ content from mass % into atomic % and vice versa was carried out using standard methods. In order to identify the structural components and etching of carbides the Marble etchant was applied. Cast iron 300Х28Н2 in cast state without heat treatment and after isothermal holding at 1050 °С during 4.5 hours with further normalization was studied. Findings. Isothermal state diagrams of the Fe–C–Cr system don’t take into account the existence of Fe7C3 carbide alloyed with chromium. But there is evidence of the existence of chromic carbides containing 24…37.6 % of chromium, which exceeds its maximum solubility in cementite, but is not enough to form Cr7C3.Analysis of chromium and carbon content in carbide phases which are formed in high-chromium cast irons allowed to substantiate the formation of Fe7С3 carbide, stabilized with chromium. Assessment of the carbide phase by chemical composition in mass percent doesn’t allow determining the main carbide-forming element with sufficient accuracy. It is shown that with the increase of chromium concentration in carbides, mass content of carbon increases. Areas of existence of carbides of different types depending on carbon and chromium content in them were determined. Maximum content of chromium in the carbide (Fe, Cr)7C3 is 44.0 %. Allocation of alloyed cementite occurs on the present carbides Ме7C3 or grain boundaries, and with the increase of cooling rate – in the grain volume. This process is thermodynamically inevitable due to the decrease of carbon solubility in ferrite or austenite at temperatures when chromium diffusion is impeded, and only carbon diffusion is possible. At high chromium concentrations carbide Fe7C3 is formed, which transforms into Cr7C3 carbide as chromium diffusion takes place. Originality. The model of laminated structure of carbides, formed out of the liquid phase in the system Fe–C–Cr was built. The identification of the carbide phase based on the elements’ concentration in atomic percent was suggested. The model of the change of carbon content in carbides of different types depending on chromium concentration was built. Practical value. The suggested system of carbide classification and their structural model allows optimizing the cast irons’ composition and heat treatment modes for different exploitation conditions.
Hampstead Heath – a ruling from the Honourable Mrs Justice Lang DBE
Authors: Hughes Andy K.
Published: September 2016

This paper reviews the outcome from the Judicial Review which occurred as part of the legal process associated with a scheme to remediate a number of dams and provide provision to pass the design flood on Hampstead Heath.
DIAGNÓSTICO CONTEXTUALIZADO HACIA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE CENTROS MEXICANOS DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL EN COMUNIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE. PARTICIPACIÓN DE FAMILIA, PROFESORADO Y COMUNIDAD EN EL CENTRO EDUCATIVO. .
Authors: Díaz Díaz Ana Luz , Rodríguez Fernández Sonia , Salmerón Vilches Purificación
Published: September 2016

Abstract:DIAGNOSIS CONTEXTUALIZED FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF MEXICAN PRESCHOOLS IN LEARNING COMMUNITIES. PARTICIPATION OF FAMILY, TEACHERS AND COMMUNITY IN THE SCHOOLThere is a need to know the specific reality of educational contexts relevant to design intervention proposals that promote early childhood care with the participation of all educational actors. Responses of families, teachers and authorities were analyzed to obtain the degree of participation and willingness to work in your school from the perspective of learning communities. The results show a greater willingness to work in the school in the three groups, the degree of participation in school activities. Therefore, we conclude that the discrepancy we represent resources not optimized. The priority areas of intervention are the school project, dialogue and activities in and outside the classroom.Keywords: Learning communities. Participation of family, school and community. Preschool education.Resumen:Es necesario contar conocer la realidad específica de los contextos educativos para diseñar propuestas pertinentes de intervención que favorezcan la atención de la primera infancia con la participación de todos los actores educativos. Se analizaron las respuestas de familias, profesorado y autoridades obteniendo el grado de participación y disposición a colaborar en su centro educativo desde la perspectiva de las comunidades de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran un mayor grado de disposición a colaborar en el centro educativo en los tres colectivos, que el grado de participación en las actividades escolares. Por tanto, concluimos que la discrepancia existente representa recursos no optimizados. Las líneas prioritarias de intervención son el proyecto escolar, el diálogo y actividades dentro y fuera del aula.Palabras claves: Comunidades de aprendizaje. Participación de familia, escuela y comunidad. Educación preescolar.
MEMORIA DE TRABAJO EN NIÑOS DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL CON Y SIN BAJO RENDIMIENTO MATEMÁTICO
Authors: Presentación M.J , Siegenthaler Rebeca , Pinto V. , Mercader Jesica , Colomer C. , Fernández I. , Sanchiz M. L. , Miranda A.
Published: September 2016

Abstract:This study aims to explore working memory in preschool children with and without low mathematical performance. The sample consisted of 255 children aged 5-6 years, to whom were administered neuropsychological tests of working memory and TEDI-MATH to estimate the mathematical performance. The results highlight the capacity of verbal working memory to significantly differentiate groups of children with and without problems in 8 of the 9 analyzed mathematical domains. This factor together with visuospatial working memory differentiate the group of children at risk for mathematical learning disabilities.Keywords: working memory, preschool, math performance, mathematics learning disabilitiesResumen:Este estudio se propone analizar la memoria de trabajo en niños de Educación Infantil con y sin bajo rendimiento matemático. La muestra estaba compuesta de 255 niños de 5 a 6 años, a los que se les aplicó pruebas neuropsicológicas de memoria de trabajo y el TEDI-MATH para estimar el rendimiento matemático. Los resultados destacan la capacidad de la memoria de trabajo verbal para diferenciar significativamente los grupos de niños con y sin dificultades en 8 de los 9 dominios matemáticos analizados. Este mismo factor junto con la memoria de trabajo viso-espacial estática diferencian al grupo de niños con riesgo de aprendizaje de las matemáticas.Palabras clave: memoria de trabajo, Educación Infantil, rendimiento matemático, dificultades de aprendizaje de las matemáticas.
NEGOCIANDO SIGNIFICADOS CON NIÑOS SORDOS. ¿INCLUIR ES LO MEJOR?
Authors: Barbosa Azevedo Omar
Published: September 2016

Abstract:NEGOTIATING MEANINGS WITH DEAF CHILDREN. INCLUDE IS BEST?In this scientific communication I present the research that result in my doctoral thesis about the meanings negotiation (Bruner, 2009) of teachers and deaf children. From cultural translation, I understood meanings negotiation in five different scenes of filmed classes in a program of early stimulation program which adopted the use of Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). I have adopted etnoresearch as the theoretical and methodological framework of qualitative research and procedures of interactional sociolinguistics for the interpretation of the dialogues. Two deaf teachers participated along with three hearing teachers and thirteen deaf children. The students were aged between five and seven years old. I have described participants’ speech in turns which contain the registration of the constituent elements (Libras’ signs, gestures, body movements, facial expressions, etc.) and its translation into Portuguese/Spanish. With the results I discuss problems such as the linguistic exclusion of deaf students included in regular schools in Brazil and the struggle for the Bilingual School in the Brazilian Deaf Community.Keywords: 1. Deaf – Education. 2. Interpreters for the deaf. 3. Brazilian Sign Language. 4. Deaf – Means of communication.Resumen:En esta comunicación científica presento la investigación que da lugar a mi tesis doctoral sobre la negociación de significados (Bruner, 2009) de profesoras y niños sordos. Desde la traducción cultural, comprendi la negociación de significados en cinco diferentes escenas de clases filmadas de un programa de estimulación temprana que adoptaba el uso de la Lengua Brasileña de Signos (Libras). Adopté la etnopesquisa como marco teórico y metodológico de la investigación cualitativa y los procedimientos de la sociolingüística para la interpretación de diálogos. Participaron dos profesoras sordas, tres profesores oyentes y trece niños sordos. Los estudiantes tenían entre cinco y siete años de edad. Describí el habla de los participantes en turnos que contienen la anotación de los elementos constitutivos de los enunciados (signos de la Libras, gestos, movimientos corporales, expresiones faciales, etc.) y su traducción al portugués/ castellano. Con los resultados, discuto problemas como la exclusión lingüística de alumnos sordos incluidos en escuelas regulares en Brasil y la lucha de la Comunidad Sorda brasileña por las Escuelas Bilingües para Sordos.Palabras clave: 1. Sordos – Educación. 2. Intérpretes para sordos. 3. Lengua Brasileña de Signos. 4. Sordos – Medios de comunicación.
PREVENIR LOS RIESGOS DE ENSEÑAR ES QUEHACER DE TODOS: LA ENSEÑANZA PUEDE SER UNA TAREA MÁS DELICADA DE LO ESPERADO
Authors: Ortiz Oria Vicente Manuel , Guevara Espinar Miguel David
Published: September 2016

Abstract:The educational task is inscrited in the vital change , but the sudden behavior of its members can alter the daily educational dynamics. In this paper we review the educational problems of teaching discomfort, distress and burn-out and we pretend solutions in the instructional – interactive educational frame based on positive psychotherapeutic strategies and classroom dynamics with the active participation of its instructional agent.Objective: To review the problem of teacher distress, and promote solution strategies.Keywords: Teaching discomfort, distress, burn-out, relaxationResumen:La tarea educativa está inscrita en el cambio, pero con comportamiento súbitos por parte de sus integrantes que puede alterar la dinámica educativa cotidiana, en este trabajo revisamos la problemática educativa del malestar docente, distrés y bourn-out y pretendemos soluciones en el marco educativo de la interacción instructiva basada, en estrategias psicoterapéuticas positivas, en y desde la dinámica del aula con la participación activa de sus agente instructivos.Objetivo: Revisar el problema del malestar docente, y promover estrategias de soluciónPalabras claves: Malestar docente, distrés, burn-out, relajación
DESORGANIZACIÓN DEL APEGO Y EL TRASTORNO TRAUMÁTICO DEL DESARROLLO (TTD)
Authors: Gayá Ballester Carmen , Molero Mañes Rosa J. , Gil Llario Mª Dolores
Published: September 2016

Abstract:DISRUPTION OF ATTACHMENT AND TRAUMATIC DISORDER OF DEVELOPMENTQuality development of family members depends on the quality of relationships they have established. From this developmental perspective the early parent-child interactions are a central aspect of Bowlby’s attachment theory. Mary Ainsworth allows us to establish a classification of attachment behaviors and Main and Solomon bring us under the name of disorganized attachment more complex and disturbing profiles of relations between parents and children. These relationships should be asymmetric and have a unique sense. In this paper we show the contributions related to disorganized attachment, its relationship to personality development and the need to collect diagnostic criteria when traumatic experiences are repeated, cumulative and occurred long before the recognition of symptoms.Key words: Key words: attachment, disorganized attachment, dissociation, traumatic developmentResumen:La calidad del desarrollo de los miembros de la familia depende de la calidad de las relaciones que han establecido. Desde esta perspectiva evolutiva, las interacciones tempranas padres-hijos van a constituir un aspecto central y básico de la teoría del apego de Bowlby. Mary Ainsworth nos permite establecer una clasificación de las conductas de apego y son Main y Solomon quienes nos aportan bajo la denominación de apego desorganizado los perfiles más complejos y perturbadores de las relaciones entre padres e hijos, relaciones que deben ser asimétricas y tienen un único sentido. En este trabajo ponemos de manifiesto las aportaciones relacionadas con el apego desorganizado su relación con el desarrollo de la personalidad y la necesidad de recoger criterios diagnósticos cuando las experiencias traumáticas son repetidas y acumulativas y tuvieron lugar muchos tiempo antes del reconocimiento de los síntomas.Palabras clave: apego, desorganización del apego, disociación, desarrollo traumático.
RESULTS OF A SEX EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR 2ND AND 3RD CYCLE OF PORTUGUESE BASIC EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Anastácio Zélia , Marinho Susana
Published: September 2016

Abstract:Background: Promoting sexual and reproductive health of adolescents contributes to their personal and social education (Ramiro et al, 2011). However, there is often a gap between the perception of the school about the sexuality of their students and the reality they actually live in. As so, the SE projects implemented may not coincide with the young people real needs (Allen, 2008). Objectives: This research aims to identify the needs of basic education students on human sexuality and sex education (SE) and, from these, to develop their skills in order to promote a healthy sexuality.Participants: We worked with a convenience sample of 2nd and 3rd cycle students of Portuguese basic education attending a school in urban milieu.Methods: Being an action-research project, at the diagnostic phase we carried out a questionnaire for the second and the third cycle of basic education students attending an Oporto school. Questionnaire was filled in online by 397 students. The data obtained were taken into account when developing a SE program applied to 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th grade students, in the school by teachers. After the program we applied a new questionnaire, which was filled in on paper by 112 students, in order to ascertain the changes occurred.Results: About 47% of the students acquired a comprehensive concept of sexuality, against the 43,1% that in the diagnostic phase only considered the biologic dimension of sexuality. The intervention group of students revealed more knowledge about reproduction, sexually transmitted infections, contraception, pregnancy and hygiene. Students who participated in SE activities agreed more than those in the diagnose phase that school is a place where they could clarify doubts about sexuality and that teachers were able to clarify them. These students also agreed more that they wanted to participate in more SE activities.Conclusions: A SE intervention that considers the needs of their target audience has a greater probability of effectiveness.Keywords: Sexuality, sex education, intervention, questionnaire
REDES SOCIALES EN INTERNET Y CONSECUENCIAS DE SU USO EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS
Authors: Osorio Cámara Mª Jesús , Molero Jurado Mª del Mar , Pérez Fuentes Mª del Carmen , Mercader Rubio Isabel
Published: September 2016

Abstract:Social networks has produced new forms of communication and interaction between people. The objective of this study is to analyze what is the application university students does to social networks. Moreover, we would like to know the consequences of their use in an inappropriate conduct. The research methodology focuses on a self-administered questionnaire call ad hoc which contains a total of 45 items, with multiple choice answer and it has application as a structured interview. We investigate issues related on the consequences that may result in the use of social networks. We collected information about the perception that college students had about the damage that internet use does. Finally, we come to the conclusion that social networks and Internet use can developed some problems for users.Keywords: Social networks, Internet, addiction, use, higher educationResumen:La irrupción de las redes sociales en la sociedad, está produciendo nuevas formas de comunicación e interacción entre las personas. Además, están desencadenando algunas consecuencias para los usuarios. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el uso que hacen los estudiantes universitarios de las redes sociales y conocer las consecuencias de su utilización y los comportamientos socialmente inadecuados. Para la recogida de la información se utilizó el Cuestionario de Redes Sociales. Se trata de un instrumento elaborado ad hoc integrado por un total de 45 ítems, con respuesta de elección múltiple y aplicación a modo de entrevista estructurada. En este trabajo, se analizaron aspectos relacionados con las consecuencias que puede producir el uso de las redes sociales. Además, se analizó información relacionada con el conocimiento de los estudiantes universitarios de los peligros provocados por el uso de Internet. Entre las principales conclusiones a las que se llegaron con este estudio destacamos que las redes sociales y el uso de internet puede producir algunos problemas en los usuarios.Palabras clave: redes sociales, Internet, adicción, uso, estudiantes universitarios.
extended Farm Site Development Method
Authors: Hanekom Eugene , Liebenberg Andre , De Vries Marné
Published: September 2016

The inefficient and ineffective use of arable land in South Africa is one of the numerous challenges within its agricultural sector. Previous research has indicated that a method, the Farm Site Development Method (FSDM), could increase the effective and efficient use of arable land by providing a roadmap to the farm owner for incrementally transforming the current state facilities and resources of a farm towards a future saturation state. The FSDM was then demonstrated at a crop-producing farm and several opportunities existed to extend its utility. Here we suggest its extension for application to a livestock farm, and also include optimisation techniques, demand planning and financial planning.

Significance: 

Extension of the Farm Site Development Method, and its demonstration at a livestock farm, for facilities and financial planning within the agricultural sector.