bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some password users are more equal than others: Towards customisation of online security initiatives
Authors: Butler Rika , Butler Martin
Published: July 2018

Background: Online security is a growing concern and user authentication through passwords remains an important mechanism to protect online assets. Research to date has highlighted the need to address human behaviour but without an indication of where the emphasis of security education, training and awareness (SETA) initiatives should be, beyond improved password practices. Objectives: The aim of this study was to, through analysis of the password behaviour of South African online consumers: (1) understand the prevalence of poor password practices among consumers overall and (2) identify specific password deficiencies prevalent among different demographic groups to be focus areas for tailored intervention programmes. Method: The study uses a quantitative research approach. An online survey was used to gather demographic data, perceptions about online security and applied password practices. A sample of 737 valid responses was analysed for this research. Results: Based on the descriptive analysis of the responses three key observations were made. Firstly, there is a distinct difference in the incidence of poor password practices for all respondents and thus support for tailored interventions. Secondly, there are variances between the practices within different demographic groups that could be used for customisation of interventions. Finally, the different poor practices cannot be uniquely attributed to one particular set of demographics. Conclusion: The study concluded that to improve computer password security in South Africa, password SETA programmes should be customised for areas where individual needs exist and not merely per password practice or demographic group.
Cone-beam computed tomographic analysis on root and canal morphology of mandibular first permanent molar among multiracial population in Western European population
Authors: Gambarini Gianluca , Piasecki Lucila , Ropini Priscilla , Miccoli Gabriele , Nardo Dario Di , Testarelli Luca
Published: July 2018

Objective: In the present study, confluent canals in the mandibular first molar's mesial root were investigated in an Italian population by means of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A total of 200 molars, selected from the CBCT examinations of 130 patients who required this type of X-ray study as part of their dental treatment, were examined. The evaluated parameters were number of canals, root canal system configuration, presence of apical confluences, distance between confluences and apical foramina, which canal had a higher degree of curvature, and symmetry between left and right elements in the same individual. Statistical Analysis Used: Percentages of the cases were reported. Results: All the examined roots presented two canals. In 59% of cases, a Vertucci Type IV canal configuration was observed, while in 41% of cases, a Type II configuration was observed. Apical confluences were present in 41% of cases. The average distance between confluences and apical foramina was 2.85 mm. When confluences were present, the mesiobuccal canal showed a higher degree of curvature in 78% of cases. Symmetry in Vertucci configuration was seen in 88% of cases. Conclusions: Apical confluences in the mesial roots of mandibular molar can be present in a significantly high number of cases, and their recognition is essential to prevent the iatrogenic errors during canal instrumentation.
Cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine and neem extract on cultured human gingival fibroblasts through
fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis : An in-vitro study
Authors: Verma Umesh Pratap , Gupta Abhaya , Yadav Rakesh Kumar , Tiwari Rini , Sharma Ramesh , Balapure Anil Kumar
Published: July 2018

Objective: To assess the influence of chlorhexidine (CHX), neem vehicle control (NVC), and neem extract (NE) on cultured human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Materials and Methods: Fibroblasts were derived from healthy gingival biopsy specimens harvested aseptically. The effects of CHX, NVC, and NE were evaluated on cultured hGFs through FACS and MTT assay. Results: MTT assay with hGFs indicated altered morphology with maximum cell death at 10% CHX, while NVC and NE showed similar results at a concentration of 75% and above. On FACS analysis, beyond 1%, CHX adversely affected the cell cycle phase distribution whereas NE exerted a detrimental effect only at 100%. Moreover, both with NVC and NE cells were well differentiated in all the three phases of the cell cycle, with distinction getting lost at 50% to finally causing cell death at 100%. Conclusions: CHX beyond 1% concentration exhibited a toxic effect on hGFs at 1, 5, and 15 min time exposure. However, NE did not adversely affect the fibroblasts even up to 50% concentration showing a less toxic effect in comparison with CHX on these cells. The cytoprotective and oral friendly quality of NE emphaisze the superiority of NE over CHX.
Incidence of periodontal compromise in teeth indicated for undergoing endodontic treatment: A clinical study
Authors: Machado Ricardo , Cunha Monique Muniz da , Comparin Daniel , Cosme-Silva Leopoldo , Back Eduardo Donato Eing Engelke , Garcia Lucas da Fonseca Roberti
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status of teeth indicated for undergoing endodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and nine teeth were evaluated using probing depth tests at three vestibular and three palatine/lingual sites before the patients underwent treatment. Teeth that presented up to 3-mm probing depth were considered as healthy. Those that presented at least one site with probing depth >3 mm were considered periodontally compromised. The data were statistically analyzed by means of applying the Chi-square test, with a level of significance of 5%. Results: Of the total of 209 teeth evaluated, 40 (19.10%) presented periodontal compromise. There was statistically significant difference related to the compromised teeth of patients of the female gender (22.80%) compared with teeth of patients of the male gender (12.30%) (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Fewer than 20% of the teeth evaluated presented a periodontal compromise. Patients of the female gender presented a higher number of periodontally compromised teeth than patients of the male gender.
Usefulness of measuring bone density of
mandibular condyle in patients at risk of osteoporosis: A cone beam computed tomography study
Authors: Alkhader Mustafa , Aldawoodyeh Ammar , Abdo Nour
Published: July 2018

Objective: Using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, the aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of measuring bone density of mandibular condyle (BDMC) in patients at risk of osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and four mandibular condyles (46 condyles from males and 158 condyles from females) were examined by CBCT. Using inVivo software (Anatomage, San Jose, Calif), BDMC and mental index (MI) were measured by two observers and correlated using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Patients were divided into high risk and low risk of osteoporosis using 3.1 mm of MI as a cutoff value, and the mean value of BDMC was compared and correlated using independent samples t-test and regression analysis. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were also used to examine the predictive power of BDMC. Results: The mean value of BDMC was moderately correlated with MI (r = 0.38), and in female patients at low risk of osteoporosis, the mean value of BDMC was significantly higher than in patients at high risk of osteoporosis. In multivariate linear regression analysis, being at risk of osteoporosis is significantly affected by BDMC, age, and gender. ROC analysis showed that the mean value of BDMC had a moderate predictive power for predicting patients at risk of osteoporosis (area under the curve = 0.621 for females and 0.649 for males). Conclusions: Measuring BDMC is considered useful in predicting patients at risk of osteoporosis.
Micro-computed tomography evaluation of microleakage of Class II composite restorations: An in vitro study
Authors: Zavattini Angelo , Mancini Manuele , Higginson James , Foschi Federico , Pasquantonio Guido , Mangani Francesco
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the microleakage attained with three resin-based material used to restore deep Class II cavities. A null hypothesis was chosen: there is no difference in microleakage among the tested materials. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 Class II cavities were prepared in freshly extracted molars with the proximal mesial and distal margins located, respectively, 1.5 mm apically and 1.5 mm coronally to the cementum-enamel junction. Restorations were completed using a three-step enamel-dentin adhesive system “Etch and Rinse,” margins were relocated using a micro-hybrid, preheated, or flowable composite and restorations were then completed using a conventional composite. All samples were coated with nail varnish with the exception of an area along the margins and apex was sealed using epoxide cement and then thermocycled (30-s dwell time, 5°C/55°C, 1000 cycles). A 50% ammoniac AgNO3 solution was used as tracer according to Tay's protocol. The microleakage analysis was performed using a microtomography system Sky-scan 1072 (SKYSCAN, Kartuizersweg 3B 2550, Konitch, Belgium). Results: The mean microleakage of all the tested materials showed greater leakage in the cementum margins; flowable composite exhibit greater leakage among the groups. Significant differences (P < 5%) within groups in both enamel and dentin margins were present. None of the tested materials eliminated marginal microleakage. Preheated composite showed significantly lesser microleakage. Conclusion: Tested materials showed statistical differences in microleakage; thus, the null hypothesis has been rejected. Within the limitations of the present experimental procedure, it can be concluded that flowable resin composite should be avoided at the dentin/cementum margin.
A potential therapy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for bone regeneration on osteoporotic mandibular bone
Authors: Hendrijantini Nike , Kusumaningsih Tuti , Rostiny Rostiny , Mulawardhana Pungky , Danudiningrat Coen Pramono , Rantam Fedik Abdul
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to prove that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) therapy on mandibular osteoporotic model is able to increase transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF)-β1 expression, Runx2, and osteoblasts. Materials and Methods: This research is true experimental posttest control group design. Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups randomly, which consisted of sham surgery for control (T1), ovariectomy as osteoporotic group (T2), osteoporotic group injected with gelatine for 4 weeks (T3), 8 weeks (T4) injected with hUCMSC-gelatine for 4 weeks (T5) and 8 weeks (T6). All mice were presented for immunohistochemistry examination for TGF-β1, Runx2, and histology for osteoblasts. Results: The lowest level of osteoblast was osteoporotic group injected with gelatine in 4 weeks compared to other groups. There were increases of TGF-β1, Runx2, and osteoblasts from osteoporotic group compared to osteoporotic post-hUCMSC-gelatine injection group. Conclusion: The hUCMSC has a high osteogenic effect and increases the osteoporotic mandibular bone regeneration on the animal model that is showed by the increase of the level of TGF-β1, Runx2, and osteoblasts.
Effects of resterilization and storage time on sterility of paper/plastic pouches
Authors: Puangsa-Ard Yada , Thaweboon Sroisiri , Jantaratnotai Nattinee , Pachimsawat Praewpat
Published: July 2018

Objectives: Paper/plastic pouches are widely used packaging materials for autoclaving medical and dental equipment. Although these pouches are recommended for single use, they are generally reused in Thailand. This study aimed to determine the ability of paper/plastic pouches to maintain sterility after multiple sterilization processes and stored in a closed environment for up to 6 months. Materials and Methods: A total of 6720 paper/plastic pouches were divided into four experimental groups: new pouches, 1 time, 3 times, and 5 times resterilized pouches. A piece of filter paper was placed inside each pouch, and the pouch was sealed, sterilized, and stored for up to 6 months. At the end of each storage period, the pouch was opened, and the filter paper was transferred to culture broth for microbial cultivation to determine sterility. Negative and positive controls were also used to validate the procedures. Results: All filter papers in the experimental groups, as well as the negative control group, remained sterile for up to 6 months of storage in a closed environment. On the contrary, all filter papers in the positive control group showed microbial contamination. Conclusions: In a closed storage condition, the paper/plastic pouches that passed multiple sterilization processes (up to 5 times resterilization) still maintained good barrier efficacy and remained sterile for up to 6 months.
Color changes of esthetic elastomeric ligatures evaluated with the Commission Internationale d'Éclairage color system
Authors: Silva Vanessa Dias da , Dias Caroline , Osório Leandro Berni , Matje Paulo Ricardo Baccarin , Menezes Luciane Macedo de , Lima Eduardo Martinelli Santayana de
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess and compare color changes in esthetic elastomeric ligatures after 30 days in situ using a spectrophotometer and the Commission Internationale d'Éclairage (CIE) color system. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised elastomeric ligatures of four color groups (n = 42): blue pearl (BP); colorless; white pearl (WP); and pearl. Four samples from each group were allocated in for quadrants of seven patients in a split-mouth model. Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer in the elastomeric ligatures as received (T0) and after 30 days in situ (T1). Variables L*, a*, and b* were compared between times (T1–T0) with Wilcoxon paired ranks; color changes were compared between groups with Kruskal–Wallis test; Dunn's test was used for multiple comparisons. Spearman's correlation was applied between CIELAB and CIEDE2000 calculations. Results: All groups showed color changes (T1–T0) in a* and b*, but only the Group BP had a change in L* (P < 0.01). Group C showed the greatest lightness decrease (ΔL = −2.49 ± 0.47) (P < 0.05), the smallest yellowing (Δb = 3.17 ± 0.88) (P < 0.05), and the smallest total color change (ΔE2000 = 3.19 ± 0.85), which had no statistical difference from Group WP (ΔE2000 = 3.36 ± 0.53). Correlation between ΔEab and ΔE2000 was moderate (r = 0.59; P < 0.01). Conclusions: Esthetic elastomeric ligatures became yellowish after 30 days in situ, and there were color differences between them.
Social Influence on Handwashing with Soap: Results from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Bangladesh
Authors: Grover Elise , Hossain Mohammed Kamal , Uddin Saker , Venkatesh Mohini , Ram Pavani K. , Dreibelbis Robert
Published: July 2018

We analyzed data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted among 20 schools in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, to explore the role of social influence on handwashing with soap (HWWS) in a primary school setting. Using data collected through covert video cameras outside of school latrines, we used robust Poisson regression analysis to assess the impact of social influence—defined as the presence of another person near the handwashing location—on HWWS after a toileting event. In adjusted analyses, we found a 30% increase in HWWS when someone was present, as compared with when a child was alone (Prevalence ratio 1.30; 95% confidence interval: 1.14–1.47, P < 0.001). The highest prevalence of HWWS was found when both child(ren) and adult(s) were present or when just children were present (64%). Our study supports the conclusion that the presence of another individual after a toileting event can positively impact HWWS in a primary school setting.
Who Stays and Who Goes: Predictors of Admission among Patients Presenting with Febrile Illness and a Positive Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test in a Rural Ugandan Health Center
Authors: Chang Jonathan L. , Reyes Raquel , Matte Michael , Ntaro Moses , Mulogo Edgar , Wiens Matthew O. , Meshnick Steven R. , Siedner Mark J. , Boyce Ross M.
Published: July 2018

Not much is known about clinical decision-making in rural, low-resource settings regarding fever, a common reason for presentation to care. In this prospective cohort study of patients presenting with febrile illness to a rural Ugandan health center, we examined demographic and clinical factors predictive of an initial disposition of inpatient admission after clinical evaluation, but before laboratory testing. We then assessed the association of laboratory results and system factors with a change between initial and final disposition plans. Four thousand nine hundred twenty-four patients with suspected febrile illness were included in the primary analysis. The strongest predictors for an initial disposition of admission after clinical examination were impaired consciousness (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 3.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.44–4.21) and fever on examination (aRR, 2.27; 95% CI: 1.79–2.87). Providers initially planned to discharge patients with significant vital sign abnormalities, including tachypnea (3.6%) and hypotension (1.3%). Anemia strongly predicted a final disposition of admission after an initial disposition of discharge (aRR, 48.34; 95% CI: 24.22–96.49); other laboratory abnormalities, including hypoglycemia and acidosis, did not change disposition planning. In those with an initial disposition of admission, living farther than the two neighboring villages was associated with a final disposition of discharge (aRR, 2.12; 95% CI: 1.10–4.12). A concerning number of patients with abnormal vital signs and laboratory results were not admitted for inpatient care. Geographic factors may influence a patient’s final disposition contrary to a provider’s initial disposition plan. Future work should assess longer term outcomes after discharge and a broader study population.
New country, Brazilian states and host records of the eucalypt shoot psyllid Blastopsylla occidentalis
Authors: Queiroz Dalva Luiz de , Tavares Wagner De Souza , Araujo Carolina Rodrigues de , Burckhardt Daniel
Published: July 2018

The eucalypt shoot psyllid, Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor, 1985 (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), is reported here for the first time from Burundi, Indonesia (Sumatra), Nicaragua, the Philippines and Yemen. The record from Paraguay is shown to be erroneous. New state records are given for the Brazilian states Bahia, Ceará, Piauí and Rio Grande do Sul. Eucalyptus viminalis is listed for the first time as host of B. occidentalis.
Propriedades energéticas da madeira e do carvão vegetal de Cenostigma macrophyllum: subsídios ao uso sustentável
Authors: Araújo Ana Clara Caxito de , Costa Luciano Junqueira , Braga Pedro Paulo De Carvalho , Guimarães Neto Rosalvo Maciel , Rocha Maria Fernanda Vieira , Trugilho Paulo Fernando
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da madeira de Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul para uso energético e determinar os rendimentos e propriedades do carvão vegetal produzido em diferentes temperaturas de carbonização. Foram retirados discos de 3 cm de espessura nas posições basal, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% da altura comercial do fuste. Os discos foram cortados em cunhas e metade destas foi utilizada para análises na madeira e a outra metade foi carbonizada em temperaturas finais de 400 ºC, 500 ºC e 600 ºC para avaliação dos rendimentos e características do biorredutor. A densidade básica (1,2 g cm-3), teor de lignina (34%), poder calorífico superior (4.845 cal g-1) e rendimento gravimétrico de carbonização (RGC) aos 400 ºC (41,5%) da madeira do caneleiro se destacaram. O aumento da temperatura de pirólise da madeira de 400 ºC para 600 ºC resultou em acréscimo de 29,4% do teor de carbono fixo e redução de 19% e 63,4%, respectivamente, do RGC e do teor de materiais voláteis do carvão vegetal. Conclui-se que a espécie apresentou valores satisfatórios para produção energética.
Marisa Piñana
Authors: Piñana Marisa
Published: July 2018

Empresa: Pentagram
Work in progress. Imagen gráfica para exposiciones
Authors: Ramón Ibán
Published: July 2018

Desde que creara su propio estudio en 2001 hasta el momento presente Iban Ramón ha realizado un buen número de trabajos relacionados con la gráfica expositiva para instituciones públicas y privadas. En el presente texto, donde agradece a maestros como Manuel Granell o Paco Bascuñán sus enseñanzas, desgrana su método de trabajo que en sus propias palabras lo que persigue es generar una identidad visual, que además de favorecer la comunicación y promoción de la exposición durante el tiempo de su existencia, perdure más allá como una imagen de marca, en la que se deposite el recuerdo de la muestra.
Thermodynamic Derivations of Various Ammonium Salt Deposition Equations Common to the Refining Industry
Authors: Munson Brian R. , Cayard Michael S.
Published: July 2018

Ammonium salts represent a common problem for the refining industry. These saltslead to fouling of piping and heat exchangers resulting in loss of duty, underdeposit corrosionwhen wetted, and corrosive sour water solutionsonce sufficient water is available to dissociate these salts into solution. To properly manage fouling and corrosion associated with these salts, knowledge of the temperatures at which these salts will deposit is critical. In this age of process control, these temperatures can be predicted in real-time provided the salt deposition temperature relationships are known. The salt deposition equations for salts most often encountered in refining are not in the public domain. To close this gap, ammonium salt deposition equations were derived for NH4Cl, NH4HS, NH4Br, and NH4Fusing fundamental thermodynamic equations of state with published thermodynamic properties for the individual chemical species/reactions.
New calibration procedures for airborne turbulence measurements and accuracy of the methane fluxes during the AirMeth campaigns
Authors: Hartmann Jörg , Gehrmann Martin , Kohnert Katrin , Metzger Stefan , Sachs Torsten
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Low-level flights over tundra wetlands in Alaska and Canada have been
conducted during the Airborne Measurements of Methane Emissions (AirMeth) campaigns to measure turbulent methane fluxes
in the atmosphere. In this paper we describe the instrumentation and new
calibration procedures for the essential pressure parameters required for
turbulence sensing by aircraft that exploit suitable regular measurement
flight legs without the need for dedicated calibration patterns. We estimate
the accuracy of the mean wind and the turbulence measurements. We show that
airborne measurements of turbulent fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide using
cavity ring-down spectroscopy trace gas analysers together with established
turbulence equipment achieve a relative accuracy similar to that of
measurements of sensible heat flux if applied during low-level flights over
natural area sources. The inertial subrange of the trace gas fluctuations
cannot be resolved due to insufficient high-frequency precision of the
analyser, but, since this scatter is uncorrelated with the vertical wind
velocity, the covariance and thus the flux are reproduced correctly. In the
covariance spectra the -7/3 drop-off in the inertial subrange can be
reproduced if sufficient data are available for averaging. For convective
conditions and flight legs of several tens of kilometres we estimate the flux
detection limit to be about
4 mg m−2 d−1 for
w′CH4′‾,
1.4 g m−2 d−1 for w′CO2′‾ and
4.2 W m−2 for the sensible heat flux.
Improvement of stratospheric aerosol extinction retrieval from OMPS/LP using a new
aerosol model
Authors: Chen Zhong , Bhartia Pawan K. , Loughman Robert , Colarco Peter , DeLand Matthew
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS/LP) has been flying on the Suomi NPP satellite since October 2011. It is designed to produce ozone and aerosol vertical profiles at ~2 km vertical resolution over the entire sunlit globe. Aerosol extinction profiles are computed with Mie theory using radiances measured at 675 nm. The operational Version 1.0 (V1.0) aerosol extinction retrieval algorithm assumes a bimodal lognormal aerosol size distribution (ASD) whose parameters were derived by combining an in situ measurement of aerosol microphysics with the SAGE II aerosol extinction climatology. Internal analysis indicates that this bimodal lognormal ASD does not sufficiently explain the spectral dependence of LP measured radiances. In this paper we describe the derivation of an improved aerosol size distribution, designated Version 1.5 (V1.5), for the LP retrieval algorithm. The new ASD uses a gamma function distribution that is derived from Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) calculated results. A cumulative distribution fit derived from the gamma function ASD gives better agreement with CARMA results at small particle radii than bimodal or unimodal functions. The new ASD also explains the spectral dependence of LP measured radiances better than the V1.0 ASD. We find that the impact of our choice of ASD on the retrieved extinctions varies strongly with the underlying reflectivity of the scene. Initial comparisons with co-located extinction profiles retrieved at 676 nm from the SAGE III/ISS instrument show a significant improvement in agreement for the LP V1.5 retrievals. Zonal mean extinction profiles agree to within 10 % between 19–29 km, and regression fits of collocated samples show improved correlation and reduced scatter compared to the V1.0 product. This improved agreement will motivate development of more sophisticated ASDs from CARMA results that incorporate latitude, altitude, and seasonal variations in aerosol properties.
Links between annual surface temperature variation and land cover heterogeneity for a boreal forest as characterized by continuous, fibre-optic DTS monitoring
Authors: Saito Kazuyuki , Iwahana Go , Ikawa Hiroki , Nagano Hirohiko , Busey Robert C.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. A fibre-optic DTS (distributed temperature sensing) system
using Raman-scattering optical time domain reflectometry was deployed to
monitor a boreal forest research site in the interior of Alaska. Surface
temperatures range between −40 ∘C in winter and 30 ∘C in
summer at this site. In parallel experiments, a fibre-optic cable sensor
system (multi-mode, GI50/125, dual core; 3.4 mm), monitored at
high resolution, (0.5 m intervals at every 30 min) ground surface
temperatures across the landscape. In addition, a high-resolution vertical
profile was acquired at one-metre height above the upper subsurface. The total
cable ran 2.7 km with about 2.0 km monitoring a horizontal surface path.
Sections of the cable sensor were deployed in vertical coil configurations
(1.2 m high) to measure temperature profiles from the ground up at 5 mm
intervals. Measurements were made continuously over a 2-year interval from
October 2012 to October 2014. Vegetation at the site (Poker Flat Research
Range) consists primarily of black spruce underlain by permafrost. Land cover
types within the study area were classified into six descriptive categories:
relict thermokarst lake, open moss, shrub, deciduous forest, sparse conifer
forest, and dense conifer forest. The horizontal temperature data exhibited
spatial and temporal changes within the observed diurnal and seasonal
variations. Differences in snow pack evolution and insulation effects
co-varied with the land cover types. The apparatus used to monitor vertical
temperature profiles generated high-resolution (ca. 5 mm) data for air
column, snow cover, and ground surface. This research also identified several
technical challenges in deploying and maintaining a DTS system under
subarctic environments.
Transport, properties, and life cycles of mesoscale eddies in the eastern tropical South Pacific
Authors: Czeschel Rena , Schütte Florian , Weller Robert A. , Stramma Lothar
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The influence of mesoscale eddies on the flow field and the water masses, especially the
oxygen distribution of the eastern tropical South Pacific, is investigated
from a mooring, float, and satellite data set. Two anticyclonic (ACE1/2), one
mode-water (MWE), and one cyclonic eddy (CE) are identified and followed in
detail with satellite data on their westward transition with velocities of
3.2 to 6.0 cm s−1 from their generation
region, the shelf of the Peruvian and Chilean upwelling regime, across the
Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS; ∼20∘ S, 85∘ W)
to their decaying region far west in the oligotrophic open ocean. The ORS is
located in the transition zone between the oxygen minimum zone and the well
oxygenated South Pacific subtropical gyre. Velocity, hydrographic, and oxygen
measurements at the mooring show the impact of eddies on the weak flow region
of the eastern tropical South Pacific. Strong anomalies are related to the
passage of eddies and are not associated with a seasonal signal in the open
ocean. The mass transport of the four observed eddies across 85∘ W
is between 1.1 and 1.8 Sv. The eddy type-dependent available heat, salt, and
oxygen anomalies are 8.1×1018 J (ACE2), 1.0×1018 J
(MWE), and -8.9×1018 J (CE) for heat; 25.2×1010 kg
(ACE2), -3.1×1010 kg (MWE), and -41.5×1010 kg (CE) for
salt; and -3.6×1016 µmol (ACE2),
-3.5×1016 µmol (MWE), and
-6.5×1016 µmol (CE) for oxygen showing a strong imbalance
between anticyclones and cyclones for salt transports probably due to
seasonal variability in water mass properties in the formation region of the
eddies. Heat, salt, and oxygen fluxes out of the coastal region across the
ORS region in the oligotrophic open South Pacific are estimated based on
these eddy anomalies and on eddy statistics (gained out of 23 years of
satellite data). Furthermore, four profiling floats were trapped in the ACE2
during its westward propagation between the formation region and the open
ocean, which allows for conclusions on lateral mixing of water mass
properties with time between the core of the eddy and the surrounding water.
The strongest lateral mixing was found between the seasonal thermocline and
the eddy core during the first half of the eddy lifetime.
La memoria entre cenizas: un diálogo im-pertinente entre Tiempos del incendio de José Roberto Duque y Lo que va dictando el fuego de Juan Antonio Hernández
Authors: Franco José Javier
Published: July 2018

El trabajo propone la lectura de Tiempos del incendio (2014), de José Roberto Duque, y Lo que va dictando el fuego (2015), de Juan Antonio Hernández, como memoria y actualización de los sucesos del Caracazo (1989). Estos textos de Duque y Hernández pueden entenderse como «dispositivos colectivos de enunciación» (Deleuze, 1978) de una memoria popular —rebelde y militante— que no solo se opone a la versión oficial de los hechos, sino que reabre para el presente/futuro la interrogante sobre la utilización de la violencia de Estado como arma política durante el período de la democracia puntofijista(1958-1998).
A formulação da Favola in musica de Jacopo Peri: uma tradução e estudo do prefácio a Euridice (1600)
Authors: Dias Gustavo Angelo , Jank Helena
Published: July 2018

Neste artigo buscamos tecer uma visão da proposta monódica de Jacopo Peri (1561-1633), compositor italiano pertencente à geração que estabeleceu as bases da monodia acompanhada e do stile rappresentativo, pressupostos essenciais ao desenvolvimento do estilo barroco e do surgimento da ópera. Para tanto, apresentamos uma tradução do primeiro texto a apresentar as características e os propósitos estéticos da monodia acompanhada, o prefácio à ópera Euridice (Florença, 1600), contextualizada por uma abordagem dos aspectos históricos envolvidos no desenvolvimento e na formulação da monodia e da publicação da obra. Buscamos também tecer uma análise dos elementos de performance envolvidos no texto, nos atendo às peculiaridades da pesquisa de Peri e aos ideais buscados pelo autor de retomada de um estilo de canto que, segundo acreditava, teria sido utilizado nas encenações das tragédias na antiguidade. Palavras-chave: Monodia acompanhada; Música barroca italiana; Ópera; Jacopo Peri (1561-1633).
Abordagens de estudo e performance da obra Responsório ao Vento para violoncelo solo de Silvio Ferraz
Authors: Valente Kalyne Teles , Presgrave Fabio Soren , Mello Filho Silvio Ferraz de
Published: July 2018

Com uma produção bastante relevante voltada ao repertório do violoncelo, Silvio Ferraz compôs, em 2012, a peça Segundo Responsório para violoncelo solista e grupo de câmara que, em seguida, originou Responsório ao Vento, versão para violoncelo solo. A peça caracteriza-se pela ideia de continuidade constante do som que se transforma através de diferentes texturas, timbres, dinâmicas e gestos musicais fazendo uso de técnicas estendidas, incluindo grandes seções em sul tasto tocando em três cordas simultaneamente, trinados de harmônicos naturais, trinados com harmônicos naturais abafados, col legno battuto, diferentes tipos de glissando e sons simultâneos de notas harmônicas e não harmônicas que contribuem para uma riqueza de sons e camadas que formam essas texturas. O presente artigo investiga a relação do compositor com o violoncelo e contextualiza Responsório ao Vento dentro da produção de Silvio Ferraz para o instrumento, analisando as influências do compositor e abordando aspectos técnicos e interpretativos da peça a partir de experiências de palco. Palavras-chave: Violoncelo Solo; Performance da música contemporânea; Silvio Ferraz.
O Método Suzuki e o folclore brasileiro: proposta de uma abordagem de ensino para os instrumentos de cordas
Authors: Borges Gláucia De Andrade
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma proposta de ensino para os instrumentos de cordas que incorpore a abordagem pedagógica de Shinichi Suzuki e a utilização de canções folclóricas brasileiras e, para complementá-la, os princípios de bom uso do corpo defendidos por Paul Rolland. Aspectos relacionados ao ensino de cordas no Brasil, às metodologias de ensino de Suzuki e de Rolland e os benefícios da inclusão do folclore brasileiro na instrução básica serão discutidos sucintamente. O material pedagógico e as etapas das pesquisas realizadas que o geraram serão descritos. Pressupõe-se que a aplicação dessa proposta poderá facilitar a assimilação do conteúdo técnico-musical e dos mecanismos básicos do instrumento. Palavras-chave: Ensino dos instrumentos de cordas; Folclore brasileiro; Método Suzuki; Paul Rolland. The Suzuki
Os conceitos de tempo, duração e ritmo de Bergson na música popular brasileira: uma análise da canção Oração ao Tempo, de Caetano Veloso
Authors: Vargas Herom , Rossetti Regina
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os conceitos sobre tempo, duração e ritmo do filósofo francês Henri Bergson (1859-1941) e aplica-los aos estudos sobre a música popular brasileira. A canção popular será tratada aqui enquanto objeto complexo composto pelas relações entre música, letra e performance. Para este propósito, desenvolvemos os conceitos sobre tempo, duração e ritmo do filósofo e analisamos, a partir dessas referências, a canção Oração ao tempo, do compositor brasileiro Caetano Veloso, segunda faixa do álbum Cinema Transcendental (Philips/PolyGram), lançado em 1979.
Interpretação vocal e imaginação criativa
Authors: TRAGTENBERG Lucila ROMANO
Published: July 2018

Discute-se aqui a compreensão de Interpretação Vocal como parâmetros (dinâmica sonora, fraseado e articulação sonora, andamento, timbre) e estilos musicais (medieval, renascentista, barroco, clássico, romântico, moderno e contemporâneo), trazendo ao diálogo a questão da imaginação criativa no processo da Interpretação Vocal. A teoria de Redes da Criação de Salles (2006) redimensiona tal compreensão levando em conta, junto aos parâmetros musicais oferecidos pela partitura, informações estilísticas ligadas ao compositor e algumas das vivências pessoais do intérprete-cantor (memória e imaginação conectadas à percepção, aspectos afetivos, dimensão somática). Interpretação vocal como transcriação será trazida à discussão em Haroldo de Campos (2002, 2006, 2013).
Impact of algorithmic composition on player immersion in computer games: a case study using Markov Chains
Authors: Paiva de Oliveira Raul , Fernandes Tavares Tiago
Published: July 2018

The feeling of immersion is an important aspect of gaming experiences. It can be greatly impacted by back- ground music. In this work, we investigate the use of algorithmically-generated background music as a mean to ge- nerate immersion in gaming experiences. For such, we developed two versions of the same game. One of them uses music written by a composer. The other uses real-time generated melodies based on a Markov chain. We evaluated the immersion level related to each of these versions using user questionnaires and performance measures. The re- sults did show only a small immersion difference between the versions. This indicates that algorithmic music can be a suitable option for game content generation.
Web sonification with synesthesia tools
Authors: Piassi Passos Bodo Roberto , Luiz Schiavoni Flávio
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we present an investigation on sonification of web pages involving three media: HTML struc- ture, page text and images. In our approach, HTML pages are read as musical scores; text elements are also read as musical scores following the idea present in notation systems like ABC; and images are read as wave files. We deve- loped a set of tools for website sonification which can be used to explore musical creativity and to create new soun- ds based on the web pages content. In addition, we show how to create sounds and visual feedback using this tool.
The Maxwell Demon: a proposal for modeling in ecological synthesis in art practices
Authors: Aliel da Silva Luzilei , Keller Damián , Luiz Moraes Costa Rogério
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to expand the research on ecological synthesis models (KELLER, 1999) through the inclu- sion of improvisation practice. We propose a formalization of creative processes in sonic improvisatory-compositio- nal environments (targeting comprovisation), based on ecologically grounded creative practices. Our approach en- tails the use of socio-ecological models that deal with complex adaptive systems [SIBERTIN et al., 2011]. We develo- ped a performance/experiment called The Maxwell Demon, as a case study. The observations done during the study indicate that imitation is an important strategy for creative activities in socio-ecological systems. Improvisation may provide a relevant sonic content in ecological environments, enhancing their flexibility without losing consistency. Keywords: Comprovisation; Socio-Ecological System; Performance/Experiment
Towards an interactive tool for music and dance: gestures, laban movement analysis and spectromorphology
Authors: Souza Leandro , Freire Garcia Sergio
Published: July 2018

The paper presents a real-time tool for the segmentation and analysis of body gestures, part of a larger se- tup for exploring music and dance in the contexts of electroacoustic composition, live-electronics and other interac- tive performances. The idea of gesture is the foundation of the proposed interactive strategies, and is discussed from different points of view. The current implementation uses the Max/Msp programming language and Kinect sensors. The segmentation of dance gestures is based on the inspection of the zero-crossings of the acceleration curve of ea- ch body joint. Concepts from Laban Movement Analysis are used to qualify the extracted gestures. Dance improvi- sations on Petrushka excerpts are the basis of a case study, where the relations between the music (tempo, pulses,instrumentation, character) and Laban Basic Actions are stressed.
Public Private Partnership: Insights from the Egyptian Experience
Authors: Samir Heba , Maher Aya
Published: July 2018

Partnership between private and public organizations has become very vital for policy implementation. PPP contracts have been successful for the recent years in many countries such as United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, South Africa, and The United States. Egypt is considered to be one of the MENA region leaders in the PPP field. PPPs are considered to be on the top of the Egyptian economic reform agenda so as to increase the private sector involvement in public services through leveraging private sector spending against public spending. The objective of this theoretical paper is to analyze the role of public private partnership in Egypt with regards to developing meaningful cooperation between the governments and businesses in a way that enables effective provision of cost efficient quality public goods, services and facilities. The significance of the study lies in the fact that PPP has become a crucial need for the government of Egypt for rendering an efficient public services and projects amidst all the challenges for developing the country after the 25th of January Revolution.
Dispersión urbana en relación con los sistemas de movilidad: caso región metropolitana de Rosario
Authors: Galimberti Cecilia
Published: July 2018

Los sistemas de transporte históricamente se han constituido como componentes concentradores y catalizadores de urbanización. En torno a dichas infraestructuras han tendido a localizarse nuevos asentamientos y poblados. Sin embargo, a partir de los procesos que se registran desde las últimas décadas del siglo XX, como el desarrollo de tecnologías, políticas neoliberales y nuevas dinámicas del capital internacional, se producen cambios en la producción geográfica-territorial que aceleran los procesos de urbanización mayormente en torno a las vías de comunicación. El presente trabajo se propone indagar el rol de estas infraestructuras en las dinámicas de dispersión urbana que se registran en las metrópolis contemporáneas, tomando como caso de estudio la Región Metropolitana de Rosario en Argentina (RMR). A través de un análisis crítico-interpretativo del proceso de transformación de la RMR, se realiza un abordaje multiescalar del proceso de dispersión urbana en relación con los sistemas de movilidad. Esta región, especialmente desde fines de la década de 1980, atraviesa numerosos cambios en su estructura interna regional, transformando grandes áreas de suelo rural tanto para nuevos componentes productivos como para usos residenciales. En este contexto, las infraestructuras de movilidad se posicionan como polos atractores de dichos cambios de uso del suelo.
Imaginarios urbanos sobre topofilia y topofobia: el caso de la ciudad de Chiguayante, Región del Biobío
Authors: Medel Fernández Matías , Montre Águila Víctor
Published: July 2018

La modernidad y su asiento en obras de infraestructura, como elemento de memoria y construcción de capital social, constituye un modelo exquisito de soberanía y control integral del territorio, que se materializa también en una memoria social, a través de un paisaje cultural.

Se propone explorar en una dimensión cualitativa, la conformación de un paisaje cultural local y los cambios que se han producido en el territorio como matriz física, así como en la memoria de la comunidad de la ciudad de La Unión (Chile), a partir de la instalación de la central hidroeléctrica Llollelhue, más conocida como La Turbina. En una arquitectura como conjunto material, que considera escalas de control del recurso hídrico, y que es parte de un paisaje con atributos patrimoniales y de vocación productiva actual.

Esto se aborda metodológicamente desde la comprensión multiescalar de la dimensión del paisaje y de la memoria social vinculada, como elemento de la dimensión socio cultural. Los resultados preliminares apuntan a caracterizar esa matriz hipotética de dinámicas colaborativas entre paisaje y sociedad. Así_ este paisaje cultural desarrollado por La Turbina, se define como un sistema patrimonial que conjuga atributos que van más allá de su representación como bien inmueble y refieren una epistemología del territorio.
La máquina de crecimiento en una ciudad minera y el papel del espacio público: el proyecto Parque Kaukari, Copiapó
Authors: Rehner Johannes , Rodríguez Sebastián
Published: July 2018

El auge exportador en Chile ha transformado las ciudades del norte, generando un rápido crecimiento urbano, cambiando estructuras y promoviendo proyectos emblemáticos, entre ellos espacios públicos como el parque Kaukari en Copiapó. Este responde a una necesidad de la ciudad, debido a la deficiencia de los espacios públicos en cuanto a cantidad y calidad, pero también se puede interpretar como parte de una lógica de crecimiento urbano, intrínsecamente vinculada a la reproducción del capital y a la liquidez financiera. En este sentido, es que el presente trabajo tiene como propósito recuperar la propuesta conceptual de la “máquina de crecimiento”, cuestionando su aplicabilidad al caso de ciudades mineras, bajo la influencia de un auge exportador. Lo hace discutiendo el vínculo conceptual entre el impulso generado por el auge minero, la materialización de liquidez en inversión inmobiliaria y la construcción de espacios públicos. Para ilustrar esta reflexión se presenta un análisis exploratorio de la distribución espacio-temporal de los permisos de edificación en Copiapó, y de ciertos elementos del discurso sobre proyectos de espacio público, particularmente el Parque Kaukari. Los resultados permiten reconocer cómo los discursos sobre este parque en particular se articulan con la lógica de crecimiento además de una orientación de los permisos de edificación presentados por empresas hacia las grandes obras de infraestructura. Se puede suponer que esto produce beneficios económicos para ciertos agentes, pero también se construye una nueva centralidad y el proyecto parque promete cumplir con algunas exigencias de la ciudadanía.
Innovación tecnológica e invenciones laborales en Cuba
Authors: Martínez Isnel
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo aborda las nuevas transformaciones y sus implicancias económicas en los procesos de innovación a nivel internacional. Además, se describen los principales cambios en el régimen legal de las invenciones en el marco de un contrato laboral o de prestación de servicios. Por último, se proponen fundamentos relacionados con la ordenación de las nuevas relaciones que se establecen en el derecho de invenciones cubano y el rol que desempeña en la estructuración el sistema de innovación tecnológica; específicamente, en cuanto a los principales intereses económicos del inventor y del empleador.
Los derechos de autor de los profesionales de la prensa escrita en el ámbito de las nuevas tecnologías en Chile
Authors: Bernet Manuel Antonio , Sierra Alfredo
Published: July 2018

El propósito de este estudio es determinar de qué derechos de autor gozan los profesionales de la prensa escrita en Chile respecto de sus obras creadas inicialmente para un medio impreso, las cuales posteriormente son explotadas a través de nuevos formatos digitales. Esta cuestión no se encuentra resuelta expresamente por la Ley 17.336 de 1970, la que por su data no consideró las actuales formas de aprovechamiento tecnológico, como las ediciones en línea. No obstante, en esta investigación proponemos como tesis que ciertas utilizaciones del empresario periodístico sobre las obras de sus trabajadores en el entorno digital son legalmente admisibles, puesto que ha operado entre ambos una cesión tácita de derechos. En contraste, respecto de los profesionales independientes, sus obras solo podrán ser utilizadas por el titular de un medio de prensa en un ambiente digital si cuenta con una cesión o autorización expresa del autor.