bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photostability of the deprotonated forms of the UV filters homosalate and octyl salicylate: molecular dissociation versus electron detachment following UV excitation
Authors: Wong Natalie G. K. , Rankine Conor D. , Anstöter Cate S. , Dessent Caroline E. H.
Published: June 2022

Laser photodissociation of deprotonated salicylates reveals that electron detachment outcompetes molecular dissociation following photoexcitation due to the locations of the minimum energy crossing points on the excited state surfaces.
Atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy: a powerful combination to characterize the speciation and distribution of Cu in organic matter
Authors: Jadoon Sarib , Schindler Michael , Wirth Mark G. , Qafoku Odeta , Kovarik Libor , Perea Daniel E.
Published: June 2022

The large surface areas in porous organic matter (OM) and on the surface of altered minerals control the sequestration of metal(loid)s in contaminated soils and sediments.
Nano-engineering and nano-manufacturing in 2D materials: marvels of nanotechnology
Authors: Rahman Sharidya , Lu Yuerui
Published: June 2022

Nanoscale engineering in 2D layered materials have attracted profound interest and opened multifarious avenues for novel physics and real-life applications.
Machine learning enabled high-throughput screening of inorganic solid electrolytes for regulating dendritic growth in lithium metal anodes
Authors: Satpati Anish , Kandregula Ganapathi Rao , Ramanujam Kothandaraman
Published: June 2022

Schematic of dendrite formation and correlation plot of shear modulus.
Citrate capped silver nanoparticles as an instantaneous colorimetric selective sensor for neomycin and thiamine in wastewater
Authors: UshaVipinachandran Varsha , Rajendran Sathish , Ali Haydar , Ashokan Indhumathi , Bhunia Susanta Kumar
Published: June 2022

A simple colorimetric selective detection of antibacterial and vitamin drugs has been performed using citrate capped silver nanoparticles.
Highly heteroselective ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide initiated by rare-earth alkoxides bearing chiral [NNOO]-type amine-bis(phenolate) ligands
Authors: Duan Yu-Lai , Guo Qian , Liu Gui-Yang , Yi Zhong-Zhou , Feng Shao-Ping , Huang Yong
Published: June 2022

Rare-earth alkoxides [(S)-LM(OiPr)] bearing chiral [NNOO]-type tripodal amine-bridged bis(phenolate) ligands have been successfully synthesized and used as catalysts with high activity for ROP of rac-LA to afford heterotactically enriched polymers.
Visible-light-mediated sequential Wolff rearrangement and Staudinger cycloaddition enabling the assembly of spiro-pyrazolone-β-lactams
Authors: Tang Jie , Yan Zhen-Hui , Zhan Gu , Yang Qian-Qian , Cheng Ying-Ying , Li Xiang , Huang Wei
Published: June 2022

Visible-light-mediated sequential Wolff rearrangement and Staudinger cycloaddition for the assembly of valuable spiro-pyrazolone-β-lactams.
Nitro-oxidized carboxylated cellulose nanofiber based nanopapers and their PEM fuel cell performance
Authors: Sharma Sunil K. , Sharma Priyanka R. , Wang Likun , Pagel Micheal , Borges William , Johnson Ken I. , Raut Aniket , Gu Kevin , Bae Chulsung , Rafailovich Miriam , Hsiao Benjamin S.
Published: June 2022

Sustainable and highly proton conductive nanopapers were prepared from carboxycellulose nanofibers and applied in PEM fuel cells.
General flux-free synthesis of single crystal Ni-rich layered cathodes by employing a Li-containing spinel transition phase for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Feng , Fan Ke , Tian Yuhang , Hou Peiyu , Zhang Haiyan , Sun Yanyun , Huang Jinzhao , Xu Xijin , Huang Haitao
Published: June 2022

Li-containing spinel oxide as a transition phase is proposed to improve the kinetics of crystal growth in general flux-free synthesis of single crystal Ni-rich cathodes.
Metal–organic frameworks based on infinite secondary building units: recent progress and future outlooks
Authors: Guo Jun , Xue Xiaomin , Yu Haibin , Duan Yulong , Li Fangfang , Lian Ye , Liu Yi , Zhao Meiting
Published: June 2022

An emerging subclass of MOFs based on infinite secondary building units (ISBUs) has been surveyed in terms of their synthesis, structure and applications.
Anion extractants constructed by macrocycle-based anion recognition
Authors: Zhang Qunzheng , Zhou Yuhao , Ahmed Mehroz , Khashab Niveen M. , Han Weiwei , Wang Hu , Page Zachariah A. , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: June 2022

We summarize the recent approaches to macrocycle-based anion extraction, including those based on calix[4]pyrroles, and so-called “Texas-sized” molecular boxes.
A regulatory mechanism of a stepwise osteogenesis-mimicking decellularized extracellular matrix on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Xu Fei , Zheng Ziran , Yao Mianfeng , Zhu Feiya , Shen Ting , Li Jiang , Zhu Chao , Yang Tianru , Shao Mengying , Wan Zicheng , Fang Changyun
Published: June 2022

14d-ECM secreted by BMSCs promotes the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The underlying mechanism may be related to COL4A2 in 14d-ECMviaactivation of the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
An unfused-ring acceptor enabling ∼12% efficiency for layer-by-layer organic solar cells
Authors: Lin Zhijie , Du Fuqiang , Wang Hongtao , Cao Jinru , Tang Weihua
Published: June 2022

An unfused-ring acceptor is reported for layer-by-layer OSCs with an efficiency of 11.83%. It can be improved to 11.97% when introducing 10 wt% PC71BM in donor. Integrating rational molecular design with facile device processing is promising for high-performance OSCs.
One-Year Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Benninger Kristen L. , Richard Celine , Conroy Sara , Newton Julia , Taylor H. Gerry , Sayed Alaisha , Pietruszewski Lindsay , Nelin Mary Ann , Batterson Nancy , Maitre Nathalie L.
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

The aims of this study were, in a cohort of children with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), (a) to report 1-year neurodevelopmental outcomes and specifically characterize speech, language, and hearing outcomes and (b) to report the prevalence of cleft lip and/or cleft palate.

Method:

This prospective observational cohort study includes newborns with confirmed in utero opioid exposure who received pharmacological treatment for NOWS. During 1-year-old developmental visits, we administered standardized assessments (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition [Bayley-III] or Developmental Assessment of Young Children–Second Edition [DAYC-2]—due to COVID-19 restrictions). We compared Bayley-III scores to standardized population means using one-sample
z
tests. We report estimates, 95% confidence intervals, and two-sided
p
values.

Results:

We enrolled 202 infants (October 2018 to March 2020). Follow-up at 1-year was 80%. Infants with NOWS had lower Bayley-III scores at 1 year compared to published norms for cognitive, language, and motor domains. One infant with NOWS was diagnosed with isolated cleft palate and Pierre Robin sequence. All infants passed the newborn hearing screen, and 7.5% had a formal hearing evaluation after neonatal intensive care unit discharge, with 40% having abnormal or inconclusive results; middle ear effusion was the leading cause of abnormal hearing (66.7%). Ten percent of children received a speech-language pathology referral prior to 2 years of age. Infants born to mothers with mental health conditions were more likely to have Bayley-III or DAYC-2 scores below 95 in language or motor domains.

Conclusions:

Infants with pharmacologically treated NOWS have significantly lower cognitive, language, and motor scores on standardized developmental testing compared to population means at 1 year of age. Early speech-language pathology referral is frequently necessary to promote optimal development in this population.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20044403
Spatial speech detection for binaural hearing aids using deep phoneme classifiers
Authors: Kayser Hendrik , Hermansky Hynek , Meyer Bernd T.
Published: June 2022

Current hearing aids are limited with respect to speech-specific optimization for spatial sound sources to perform speech enhancement. In this study, we therefore propose an approach for spatial detection of speech based on sound source localization and blind optimization of speech enhancement for binaural hearing aids. We have combined an estimator for the direction of arrival (DOA), featuring high spatial resolution but no specialization to speech, with a measure of speech quality with low spatial resolution obtained after directional filtering. The DOA estimator provides spatial sound source probability in the frontal horizontal plane. The measure of speech quality is based on phoneme representations obtained from a deep neural network, which is part of a hybrid automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. Three ASR-based speech quality measures (ASQM) are explored: entropy, mean temporal distance (M-Measure), matched phoneme (MaP) filtering. We tested the approach in four acoustic scenes with one speaker and either a localized or a diffuse noise source at various signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) in anechoic or reverberant conditions. The effects of incorrect spatial filtering and noise were analyzed. We show that two of the three ASQMs (M-Measure, MaP filtering) are suited to reliably identify the speech target in different conditions. The system is not adapted to the environment and does not require a-priori information about the acoustic scene or a reference signal to estimate the quality of the enhanced speech signal. Nevertheless, our approach performs well in all acoustic scenes tested and varying SNRs and reliably detects incorrect spatial filtering angles.
Construction of high-quality lithium metal cathode protective film based on PIMs
Authors: Qian Cheng
Published: June 2022

Lithium metal is widely concerned and valued by people because of its technical advantages such as extremely high energy density and lowest electrode potential, but the crystallization problem of lithium metal is very serious at this stage, which greatly restricts and limits the commercial development of lithium batteries. In this paper, we firstly analyze the connotation of PIMs in detail, and summarize the experimental procedure and conclusions of high-quality lithium metal anode protective film based on PIMs in combination with the current research status of high-quality lithium metal anode protective film.
Benefit analysis of organic Rankine cycle power generation by using waste heat recovery in Refinery
Authors: Ma Qian , Chen Yongzhen , Liu Anqi , Jiang Qingzhe
Published: June 2022

Under the goal of achieving “carbon neutrality”, increasing energy-saving and reducing emissions has become a long-term strategy to ensure the sustainable development of China’s social economy. The unrecycled waste heat leads to a high energy penalty in refinery. This paper presents an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation technology, which through the thermodynamic cycle to recover the waste heat from the Aromatics Complex units. This process is simulated and analysed from the environmental point. The results indicate that the application of ORC in aromatics combined units can indirectly save 41040 tons of coal every year. The annual emission of CO2is reduced by 94455 tons. The proposed ORC system provides technological route for refineries to achieve waste heat recovery, thus advancing the green transition of the petrochemical plants.
Hierarchical nano-porous carbon from semi-coke via a MgO template preparation strategy for ONP adsorption
Authors: Shang Hongrui , Zhang Xinlei , Ding Junwei
Published: June 2022

O-Nitrophenol(ONP) industrial wastewater causes serious harm to human body and aquatic environment. In this paper, we adopted a recycled MgO template preparation strategy to design series of semicoke derived hierarchical porous carbons. The prepared samples were characterized by N2 adsorption and desorption and scanning electron microscope. The analysis showed that the HPC-1 had a high specific surface area of 723.3m2/g with a huge pore volume of 1.64 cm3/g and exhibited remarkable adsorption capacity of 503.02 mg/g in batch adsorption test for ONP. Adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics revealed the adsorption mechanism of ONP molecules on HPCs surfaces, which followed the langmuir monolayer adsorption and pseudo-second-order kinetic. Furthermore, the HPC-1 exhibited good reusability and recycling performance, reflecting its great potential in practical application.
Incremental Distribution Network Forecasting for Different Industries Based on Long and Short Term Memory Network
Authors: Ji Yongshang , Li Wensheng , An Shuhuai , Yin Zhi , Qiu Jifu , Peng Bo
Published: June 2022

In order to improve the quantitative evaluation and prediction ability of power grid investment benefit and solve the optimization problem of investment rhythm caused by the increase of user load in the new park, an incremental distribution network load forecasting method based on long-term and short-term memory network is proposed. Considering multiple influencing factors of investment decision-making, grey correlation analysis is carried out on the factors affecting saturated load, so as to quantitatively determine the impact Degree and size. Then, the influencing factors are used as independent variables, and the demand of electric power or electricity is used as the dependent variables to establish the prediction model to realize the medium and long-term load high-precision forecasting under the condition of small sample and high uncertainty.
Impact of Electric Heating Catalyst on the Emissions for a 48V Hybrid Light-duty Vehicle
Authors: Yan Pengyong , Wang Xiaowei , Wang Zhenyu , Gao Tao , Huo Yongzhan , Gu Xuejing
Published: June 2022

The emission characteristics under worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC) was investigated for a 48V hybrid light-duty vehicle which carried a 2.0 L naturally aspirated engine on engine test bed after the WLTC cycle was converted to the corresponding engine transient cycle. The influence of electric heating catalyst on exhaust emission was analyzed. The results show that electric heating catalyst can effecively speed up the temperature rise rate then significantly decreases the exhaust emission. Electric heating has a more pronounced effect for ceramic carrier catalyst.
Application of intelligent energy management and control system in industrial enterprises
Authors: Yang Xin , Tan Yao , Wang Chuanxiu , Wang Jingtao , Cheng Yueliang , Tang Yizhong
Published: June 2022

Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the efficient use of energy has become the focus of research in the energy field. The article first analyzes the challenges in the energy management and control system based on the development status and trends of the intelligent energy management and control system of industrial enterprises; then proposes the system architecture and design of the intelligent energy management and control system of industrial enterprises, from energy monitoring, energy management, energy forecasting, energy analysis, energy diagnosis, energy optimization and other aspects provide comprehensive and strong support for the energy management of industrial enterprises, and realize the integration and automation of energy and production data.
Study on the controlling effect of Nanpu No. 2 Fault growth connection on buried hill evolution
Authors: Zhang Qing , Peng WeiSong
Published: June 2022

Nanpu fault 2 has an important control action of buried hill, in order to study the growth of Nanpu fault 2 connection process and Nanpu no. 2 the control function of buried hill through the application of slip - distance curve and slip back stripping method to study the growth of the Nanpu fault 2 connection process, and the use of equilibrium profile to analyze its effect on the tectonic evolution of the buried hill. The results show that the Nanpu No. 2 fault is characterized by segmentalized growth, caledonian quiet structure, and widely distributed carbonate deposits. After the middle-late Caledonian uplift, the strata suffered from denudation. Strong folding occurred in The Indochinese period, and in the Himalayan Period, the Nanpu no. 2 fault was weakly active in the Shahejie sedimentary period and developed only in the north, forming the prototype of buried hill at this time. During the sedimentary period of Dongying Formation, the structure reversed slightly, which is also known as the Dongying Movement. At this time, fault no. 2 strongly extended southward, and buried-hill was formed and basically formed. The research results have certain reference value for oil and gas exploration in Nanpu sag.
Research on the driving factors for the high-quality development of China’s forestry economy under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals
Authors: Liu Fang , Li Hongxun
Published: June 2022

Under the development path of green circular economy with the goal of “double carbon”, the highquality development of forestry economy is an important driving force for tapping the new momentum of green transformation of industrial structure. Based on panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2009 to 2018, this paper constructs a two-way fixed-effects model to explore the drivers of high-quality development of the forestry economy, using forestry economic output value as the explanatory variable. The study found that forestry protection efforts, average forestry salary levels, forestry employees, annual afforestation area, technology level and regional industrial structure significantly contributed to forestry economic development. Therefore, China should formulate targeted forestry development policies based on the drivers of the forestry economy, so as to support and ensure the quality development of the forestry economy.
Cumulative effective dose from imaging in infants with esophageal atresia: How low can we go?
Authors: Habib Geryes B. , Hadid-Beurrier L. , Berteloot L. , Lapillonne A. , Sarnacki S. , Rousseau V.
Published: June 2022

With the increasing life expectancy for patients with esophageal atresia (EA), and a known predisposition to certain cancers, cumulative radiation exposure from imaging is of increasing significance. This study describes the cumulative effective radiation dose (CED), during the first 6 months of life, estimated from radiologic procedures when dose reduction methods are used. Medical records of newborns with EA followed in our pediatric hospital in 2019–2020 were reviewed for demographics, EA subtype and hospitalization length of stay. Number and type of imaging studies, and radiation exposure were recorded in order to estimate CED in mSv. Twenty-one children were included. Each child underwent a median of 16 (IQR 13–39) imaging studies, which were primarily chest radiography (median of 12 (IQR 10–35)). The overall median CED per patient was 0.4 mSv (IQR 0.08–1.28), with the majority of radiation exposure resulting from plain radiography (median of 0.3 mSv (0.08–0.52)). Careful consideration should be given to the use of imaging in EA to minimize morbidity in these vulnerable infants. A low dose of radiation can be achieved by following these recommendations: proscription of systematic superfluous examinations, standardization and optimization of the imaging protocols, dosimetry monitoring and proper training of operators.
Thymoquinone Potentiates Methotrexate Mediated-Apoptosis in Saos-2 Osteosarcoma Cell Line
Authors: khyavi Payam Ali , Valizadeh Amir , Shanehbandi Dariush , Yousefi Bahman , Soleimanpour Jafar
Published: June 2022

Introduction Recently, various studies have concentrated on the therapeutic potential of thymoquinone (TQ), a natural polyphenol, in various human malignancies, including osteosarcoma. However, the underlying mechanisms in TQ-mediated anti-cancer effects are not yet fully understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of TQ on methotrexate (MTX)-induced apoptosis in Saos-2 cells.

Methods Saos-2 cells were treated with MTX, TQ, and a combination of both, and cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. mRNA expression of apoptotic markers, including Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results MTX resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of TQ and MTX inhibited proliferation compared to single treatments (P<0.05). TQ also induced apoptosis by regulating pro-apoptotic markers including Bax and caspase-3 and reducing anti-apoptotic mediators including Bcl-2. In addition, TQ increased MTX-induced apoptosis in Saos-2 cells.

Conclusion The findings of the present study highlight new insights into understanding the role of TQ as a potential therapeutic agent in osteosarcoma by increasing MTX-induced apoptosis.
Clinical Presentation, Treatment Outcomes, and Resistance-related Factors in South American Women with Low-risk Postmolar Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
Authors: Ramírez Luz Angela Correa , Maestá Izildinha , Bianconi María Inés , Jankilevich Gustavo , Otero Silvina , Mejía Carlos Raúl Villegas , Cortés-Charry Rafael , Elias Kevin M. , Horowitz Neil S. , Seckl Michael , Berkowitz Ross S.
Published: June 2022

Objective There are few multinational studies on gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) treatment outcomes in South America. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and factors associated with chemoresistance in low-risk postmolar GTN treated with first-line single-agent chemotherapy in three South American centers.

Methods Multicentric, historical cohort study including women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)-staged low-risk postmolar GTN attending centers in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia between 1990 and 2014. Data were obtained on patient characteristics, disease presentation, and treatment response. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between clinical factors and resistance to first-line single-agent treatment. A multivariate analysis of the clinical factors significant in univariate analysis was performed.

Results A total of 163 women with low-risk GTN were included in the analysis. The overall rate of complete response to first-line chemotherapy was 80% (130/163). The rates of complete response to methotrexate or actinomycin-D as first-line treatment, and actinomycin-D as second-line treatment postmethotrexate failure were 79% (125/157), 83% (⅚), and 70% (23/33), respectively. Switching to second-line treatment due to chemoresistance occurred in 20.2% of cases (33/163). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients with a 5 to 6 FIGO risk score were 4.2-fold more likely to develop resistance to first-line single-agent treatment (p = 0.019).

Conclusion 1) At presentation, most women showed clinical characteristics favorable to a good outcome, 2) the overall rate of sustained complete remission after first-line single-agent treatment was comparable to that observed in developed countries, 3) a FIGO risk score of 5 or 6 is associated with development of resistance to first-line single-agent chemotherapy.
Computed Tomographic Measurements of the Sulcus Angle of the Femoral Trochlea in Small-Breed Dogs with and without Medial Patellar Luxation
Authors: Sasaki Akari , Hidaka Yuki , Mochizuki Manabu , Honnami Muneki
Published: June 2022

Trochleoplasty is often performed in dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL); however, the current guidelines on when to perform a trochleoplasty in dogs are vague. The sulcus angle (SA) is used to assess the femoral trochlear morphology in humans. The aim of this study is to describe a method to measure the SA and other parameters of trochlea morphology in dogs using computed tomography. First, we searched for a suitable measuring location for the SA. Transverse images of the femurs were obtained as perpendicular planes to the tangent of the femoral trochlea which was 0 to 60 degrees (every 5 degrees) to the anatomical axis of the femur. The deepest point of the femoral trochlea was found in the transverse images perpendicular to the tangent of the femoral trochlea which was at 15 degrees to the anatomical axis of the femur. The SA and the other parameters of femoral trochlea morphology were measured at the deepest point of the femoral trochlea. The SA of the stifle joints with grade 3 and 4 MPL was significantly higher than the SA of stifle joints not affected by MPL. There was no significant difference in the SA between dogs affected by grade 1 and 2 MPL and dogs not affected by MPL. Further studies are needed to establish whether the SA can be used as selection criteria for trochleoplasty.
Improved Sitting Balance in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Body Functions to Activity and Participation
Authors: Akyuz Merve , Dursun Nigar , Gokbel Tugba , Cekmece Cigdem , Dursun Erbil
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in activity and participation domains of International Classification of Functioning (ICF), Disability and Health, in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who received integrated botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) treatment with intensive rehabilitation with a treatment goal of improved sitting balance. In this prospective observational study, 29 patients with CP (mean age: 6.7 ± 3.8 years) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels of IV and V were included. The primary outcome measures were the mean changes from baseline to posttreatment weeks 10 to 12 of the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP) and Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD). The modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and Tardieu scale (TS) results at 6 to 8 weeks of posttreatment were the secondary outcome measures. Statistically significant improvements in home and community participation of CASP (p < 0.001 and 0.001), CPCHILD (p < 0.01), MAS (p < 0.001), and all parameters of TS (p < 0.05) were recorded after treatment. The result of this prospective, observational study showed that the functional improvements in sitting balance by the integrated BoNT-A treatment provides positive effects on activity and participation levels of the patient and quality of life of patients and their families.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Hyponatremia in Hospitalized Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Bhargava Anshul , Patra Vikram , Amonkar Priyanka , Gavhane Jeetendra
Published: June 2022

Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is an important cause of hospitalization in pediatric population. Hyponatremia is frequently present in children hospitalized with pneumonia and bronchiolitis and is associated with poorer outcomes. We conducted a study to identify the risk factors for hyponatremia in hospitalized children with LRTI and to evaluate the relationship between serum sodium levels and severity of respiratory distress. A total of 147 patients between 2 months and 12 years of age, admitted with the diagnosis of LRTI at the Mahatma Gandhi Mission Hospital and Medical College, a tertiary hospital in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, between December 2017 and November 2019, were studied prospectively. Patients with any other comorbidities were excluded. The severity of respiratory distress at presentation was graded using the Clinical Respiratory score (CRS). Serum electrolytes were sent within 1 hour of hospital admission. Median age of enrolled patients was 14 months. Overall, 23 (16%) children had mild respiratory distress, 97 (66%) had moderate respiratory distress, and 26 (18%) had severe distress. The incidence of hyponatremia in children admitted with LRTI was 66% and majority of them (70%) had mild hyponatremia. The incidence, as well as severity of hyponatremia differed significantly with etiology (p < 0.05). An inverse correlation was found between serum sodium levels and CRS at presentation (r = − 0.26, p = 0.001). In multivariate analyses, parenchymal disease was an independent risk factor for development of hyponatremia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.64 (2.52–12.59), p < 0.001). Incidence and severity of hyponatremia in children with LRTI increased with severity of respiratory distress and presence of parenchymal disease.
Setting Preconception Care Priorities in Australia Using a Delphi Technique
Authors: Boyle Jacqueline A. , Black Kirsten , Dorney Edwina , Amor David J. , Brown Louise , Callander Emily , Camilleri Renea , Cheney Kate , Gordon Adrienne , Hammarberg Karin , Jeyapalan Dheepa , Leahy Deana , Millard Jo , Mills Catherine , Musgrave Loretta , Norman Robert J. , O'Brien Claire , Roach Vijay , Skouteris Helen , Steel Amie , Walker Sue , Walker Ruth
Published: June 2022

Preconception health affects fertility, pregnancy, and future health outcomes but public awareness of this is low. Our aims were to rank priorities for preconception care (PCC), develop strategies to address these priorities, and establish values to guide future work in preconception healthcare in Australia. A Delphi technique involved two rounds of online voting and mid-round workshops. Inputs were a scoping review of PCC guidelines, a priority setting framework and existing networks that focus on health. During July and August, 2021, 23 multidisciplinary experts in PCC or social care, including a consumer advocate, completed the Delphi technique. Ten priority areas were identified, with health behaviors, medical history, weight, and reproductive health ranked most highly. Six strategies were identified. Underpinning values encompassed engagement with stakeholders, a life course view of preconception health, an integrated multi-sectorial approach and a need for large scale collaboration to implement interventions that deliver impact across health care, social care, policy and population health. Priority populations were considered within the social determinants of health. Health behaviors, medical history, weight, and reproductive health were ranked highly as PCC priorities. Key strategies to address priorities should be implemented with consideration of values that improve the preconception health of all Australians.
Wall shear stress, pressure, and heat flux fluctuations in compressible wall-bounded turbulence, part I: One-point statistics
Authors: Yu Ming , Liu PengXin , Fu YaLu , Tang ZhiGong , Yuan XianXu
Published: June 2022

This two-part study investigates the effects of Mach number and wall temperature on the statistics of wall shear stress, pressure, and heat flux fluctuations in compressible wall-bounded turbulence. In the first part, we focus on their one-point statistics, including the root mean square (r.m.s.), skewness factor (third-order moment), flatness factor (fourth-order moment), and their correlations. By exploiting the direct numerical simulation databases, we found that the r.m.s. of the streamwise wall shear stress and pressure, the skewness factor of all the flow quantities considered, and the flatness factor of streamwise wall shear stress monotonically vary with the friction Mach number (Mτ), while for the rest, the wall heat flux and global temperature parameters should be taken into account as well for a monotonic trend of variation. The correlation coefficients between wall shear stress, pressure, and heat flux fluctuations increase with the Mach number Mτ, suggesting the underlying interactions between dynamic and thermodynamic processes. The distributions of spectra and probability density functions indicate that the increased correlation is induced by the highly intermittent traveling wave packets among the streaky structures, as reflected by the “double-peak” feature of the spectra that gradually emerges with the increasing compressibility effects. The probability density distribution also manifests the alteration of the occurrence of extreme events caused by these structures. By accordingly decomposing the fluctuations with cutoff filtering, it is found that the root mean squares of streamwise wall shear stress and heat flux fluctuations related to the streaky structures are Mach number-independent, while those related to the traveling wave packets monotonically increase with the friction Mach number.
Investigation of the detachment of oil droplets driven by water shear field on solid surfaces with different wettabilities
Authors: Han Yunrui , Xu Tuotuo , He Limin , Wang Shipeng , Luo Xiaoming
Published: June 2022

The movement and detachment of tiny oil droplets in water on a substrate is the key technology to strengthen oil–water separation by using corrugated plate oil–water separation technology. Here, the detachment behaviors of oil droplets adhered to substrates with different wettabilities in a laminar flow field are studied experimentally and theoretically. The morphologic changes of mother and daughter oil droplets are obtained when the adhered oil droplets are continuously separated. The shedding mechanism of oil droplets is analyzed in detail, and the critical condition for the effective detachment of oil droplets is obtained, which can be used to guide the design of the surface wettability and water flow velocity in the actual production of oil–water separation.
Threshold voltage instability and hysteresis in gamma-rays irradiated 4H-SiC junction field effect transistors
Authors: Takeyama Akinori , Makino Takahiro , Tanaka Yasunori , Kuroki Shin-Ichiro , Ohshima Takeshi
Published: June 2022

High dose irradiation effects of gamma-rays up to 17 MGy (H2O) on 4H-SiC junction field effect transistors (JFETs) were investigated. Due to the irradiation, gradual positive threshold voltage (Vth) shift as high as 0.5 V and continuous decrease in transconductance gm were observed. In addition, Vth instability and hysteresis appeared for the irradiated JFETs when the gate voltage (VG) sweep direction, sweep interval, i.e., averaged sweeping rate, sweep range, and delay time were changed. Increase of VG interval attributed to positive Vth shift for both forward and reverse directions, whereas narrowing of sweep range and increase of delay time resulting in a more noticeable negative shift of Vth for the reverse direction. Such Vth hysteresis indicates that capture and release of carriers predominantly took place via hole traps formed around the gate region due to high dose gamma-ray irradiation.
Dynamics of three-dimensional vortical structures behind a barchan dune based on tomographic particle image velocimetry
Authors: Han Xiaolei , Zhou Yuyang , Li Jiawei , Zheng Yan , Rinoshika Akira
Published: June 2022

In this study, tomographic particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure three-dimensional (3D) flow structures behind a fixed-bed barchan dune model at a Reynolds number of 2528 in a circulation water tunnel. The topological evolution of the 3D instantaneous vortex structures and their dynamic characteristics in the dune wake were analyzed. 3D instantaneous arch-shaped vortex “chains” shedding from the barchan and typical quasi-streamwise vortex structures induced by the development of an internal boundary layer were found to be located both before and after the reattachment region, which differs a little from the results of previous studies. Nevertheless, both conditionally averaged and typical instantaneous 3D flow fields revealed that the arch-shaped vortex system dominates the barchan dune wake, and the inclination angle of these spanwise-oriented structures was found to change as it propagates downstream. Additionally, the dynamic characteristics of the dune wake were found to be similar to a flapping phenomenon such as oscillation of the recirculation in a backward-facing step flow. To provide complementary insight into this phenomenon, the separated and reattached shear flow were also examined using two-dimensional time-resolved planar PIV. It was found that the basic unsteady flapping motion, vortex roll-up, and complex vortex interactions can all be analyzed with ease in a Lagrangian framework.
A simple theory for interfacial properties of dilute solutions
Authors: Mandalaparthy Varun , Noid W. G.
Published: June 2022

Recent studies suggest that cosolute mixtures may exert significant non-additive effects upon protein stability. The corresponding liquid–vapor interfaces may provide useful insight into these non-additive effects. Accordingly, in this work, we relate the interfacial properties of dilute multicomponent solutions to the interactions between solutes. We first derive a simple model for the surface excess of solutes in terms of thermodynamic observables. We then develop a lattice-based statistical mechanical perturbation theory to derive these observables from microscopic interactions. Rather than adopting a random mixing approximation, this dilute solution theory (DST) exactly treats solute–solute interactions to lowest order in perturbation theory. Although it cannot treat concentrated solutions, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations demonstrate that DST describes the interactions in dilute solutions with much greater accuracy than regular solution theory. Importantly, DST emphasizes a fundamental distinction between the “intrinsic” and “effective” preferences of solutes for interfaces. DST predicts that three classes of solutes can be distinguished by their intrinsic preference for interfaces. While the surface preference of strong depletants is relatively insensitive to interactions, the surface preference of strong surfactants can be modulated by interactions at the interface. Moreover, DST predicts that the surface preference of weak depletants and weak surfactants can be qualitatively inverted by interactions in the bulk. We also demonstrate that DST can be extended to treat surface polarization effects and to model experimental data. MC simulations validate the accuracy of DST predictions for lattice systems that correspond to molar concentrations.
Impact of the current density on paramagnetic NMR properties
Authors: Franzke Yannick J. , Holzer Christof
Published: June 2022

Meta-generalized gradient approximations (meta-GGAs) and local hybrid functionals generally depend on the kinetic energy density τ. For magnetic properties, this necessitates generalizations to ensure gauge invariance. In most implementations, τ is generalized by incorporating the external magnetic field. However, this introduces artifacts in the response of the density matrix and does not satisfy the iso-orbital constraint. Here, we extend previous approaches based on the current density to paramagnetic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shieldings and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) g-tensors. The impact is assessed for main-group compounds and transition-metal complexes considering 25 density functional approximations. It is shown that the current density leads to substantial improvements—especially for the popular Minnesota and strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) functional families. Thus, we strongly recommend to use the current density generalized τ in paramagnetic NMR and EPR calculations with meta-GGAs.
Long-term, climate-driven phenological shift in a tropical large carnivore
Authors: Abrahms Briana , Rafiq Kasim , Jordan Neil R. , McNutt J. W.
Published: June 2022

Understanding the degree to which animals are shifting their phenology to track optimal conditions as the climate changes is essential to predicting ecological responses to global change. Species at low latitudes or high trophic levels are theoretically expected to exhibit weaker phenological responses than other species, but limited research on tropical systems or on top predators impedes insight into the contexts in which these predictions are upheld. Moreover, a lack of phenological studies on top predators limits understanding of how climate change impacts propagate through entire ecosystems. Using a 30-y dataset on endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), we examined changes in reproductive phenology and temperatures during birthing and denning over time, as well as potential fitness consequences of these changes. We hypothesized that their phenology would shift to track a stable thermal range over time. Data from 60 packs and 141 unique pack-years revealed that wild dogs have delayed parturition by 7 days per decade on average in response to long-term warming. This shift has led to temperatures on birthing dates remaining relatively stable but, contrary to expectation, has led to increased temperatures during denning periods. Increased denning temperatures were associated with reduced reproductive success, suggesting that a continued phenological shift in the species may become maladaptive. Such results indicate that climate-driven shifts could be more widespread in upper trophic levels than previously appreciated, and they extend theoretical understanding of the species traits and environmental contexts in which large phenological shifts can be expected to occur as the climate changes.
Respiratory complex I with charge symmetry in the membrane arm pumps protons
Authors: Hoeser Franziska , Tausend Hannes , Götz Sinja , Wohlwend Daniel , Einsle Oliver , Günther Stefan , Friedrich Thorsten
Published: June 2022

Energy-converting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, respiratory complex I, is essential for cellular energy metabolism coupling NADH oxidation to proton translocation. The mechanism of proton translocation by complex I is still under debate. Its membrane arm contains an unusual central axis of polar and charged amino acid residues connecting the quinone binding site with the antiporter-type subunits NuoL, NuoM, and NuoN, proposed to catalyze proton translocation. Quinone chemistry probably causes conformational changes and electrostatic interactions that are propagated through these subunits by a conserved pattern of predominantly lysine, histidine, and glutamate residues. These conserved residues are thought to transfer protons along and across the membrane arm. The distinct charge distribution in the membrane arm is a prerequisite for proton translocation. Remarkably, the central subunit NuoM contains a conserved glutamate residue in a position that is taken by a lysine residue in the two other antiporter-type subunits. It was proposed that this charge asymmetry is essential for proton translocation, as it should enable NuoM to operate asynchronously with NuoL and NuoN. Accordingly, we exchanged the conserved glutamate in NuoM for a lysine residue, introducing charge symmetry in the membrane arm. The stably assembled variant pumps protons across the membrane, but with a diminished H
+
/e
−
stoichiometry of 1.5. Thus, charge asymmetry is not essential for proton translocation by complex I, casting doubts on the suggestion of an asynchronous operation of NuoL, NuoM, and NuoN. Furthermore, our data emphasize the importance of a balanced charge distribution in the protein for directional proton transfer.
Organic carbon concentrations in 3.5-billion-year-old lacustrine mudstones of Mars
Authors: Stern Jennifer C. , Malespin Charles A. , Eigenbrode Jennifer L. , Webster Christopher R. , Flesch Greg , Franz Heather B. , Graham Heather V. , House Christopher H. , Sutter Brad , Archer Paul Douglas , Hofmann Amy E. , McAdam Amy C. , Ming Douglas W. , Navarro-Gonzalez Rafael , Steele Andrew , Freissinet Caroline , Mahaffy Paul R.
Published: June 2022

The Sample Analysis at Mars instrument stepped combustion experiment on a Yellowknife Bay mudstone at Gale crater, Mars revealed the presence of organic carbon of Martian and meteoritic origins. The combustion experiment was designed to access refractory organic carbon in Mars surface sediments by heating samples in the presence of oxygen to combust carbon to CO
2
. Four steps were performed, two at low temperatures (less than ∼550 °C) and two at high temperatures (up to ∼870 °C). More than 950 μg C/g was released at low temperatures (with an isotopic composition of δ
13
C = +1.5 ± 3.8‰) representing a minimum of 431 μg C/g indigenous organic and inorganic Martian carbon components. Above 550 °C, 273 ± 30 μg C/g was evolved as CO
2
and CO (with estimated δ
13
C = −32.9‰ to −10.1‰ for organic carbon). The source of high temperature organic carbon cannot be definitively confirmed by isotopic composition, which is consistent with macromolecular organic carbon of igneous origin, meteoritic infall, or diagenetically altered biomass, or a combination of these. If from allochthonous deposition, organic carbon could have supported both prebiotic organic chemistry and heterotrophic metabolism at Gale crater, Mars, at ∼3.5 Ga.
Metaphor and mental shortcuts
Authors: Ifantidou Elly , Piata Anna
Published: June 2022

Cognitive-pragmatic approaches to how metaphors are understood view the activation of perceptual or motor effects as inferred (Steinhart 2001; Bergen 2005; Wilson and Carston 2006; Carston 2010; Gibbs and de Macedo 2010; Wilson and Carston 2019). Crucially, inferences elicit conceptual representations, e.g. in the form of implicatures, and/or mental simulations, e.g. in the form of imagery, memory, an impression and other private elements. Emotional effects, being non-conceptual, must be left out of this picture. But evidence in neurolinguistics and psycholinguistics has shown that metaphors activate brain regions linked to emotions (for a review, see Ifantidou 2019; Citron 2020), and that in L2, in the absence of fully-propositional meaning (due to unknown words), metaphors yield meaningful interpretations by evoking imagery, impressions, emotions (Ifantidou 2019, 2021a, 2021b; Ifantidou and Hatzidaki 2019). Drawing on relevance-theoretic views, we would like to argue that metaphors are processed in not entirely propositional terms. Subjective experience heuristics (originally proposed as “availability heuristic” by Tversky and Kahneman 1974; Schwarzand and Wänke 2002; “affect heuristic” by Zajonc 1980) allows making rapid responses by absorbing emotions, imagery, impressions, into the interpretation process, an ability which outweighs (the need for) standard inferential reasoning processes. Such a position is likely to apply to non-metaphorical language, too and thus pervade linguistic processing in general.
Why truth matters
Authors: Moeschler Jacques
Published: June 2022

This article is about truth and relevance. It first discusses the concept of truth in formal semantics and pragmatics, mainly the Gricean, neo-Gricean and post-Gricean approaches to meaning. What is particularly crucial is the relationship between pragmatic meaning and truth, since, from a Gricean perspective, meaning is defined as non-truth-conditional, which in turn raises the question of how truth can be a pragmatic issue. A second issue is the relationship between truth and relevance, as developed in relevance theory. A third key point is how truth matters as regards the common ground. In order to illustrate how truth is connected to the common ground,bullshit, post-truth, fake newsandliesare discussed, which raise the issue of how truth can be defeated in verbal communication, and mainly how false assumptions can be entertained as true.
Variation and second language acquisition
Authors: Preston Dennis R. , Bayley Robert , Escalante Chelsea
Published: June 2022

In addition to introducing the main themes of this volume, the chapter provides a brief overview of recent
developments in variationist studies of second language acquisition (SLA), including work on perception. We suggest that the
type of work included in this volume, which focuses on a range of features in diverse target languages in a wide variety of
social contexts, contributes to broadening the scope of both SLA research and sociolinguistics more generally. While the
importance of the social context for SLA has sometimes been dismissed, the studies included here offer abundant evidence that
such contexts must be considered if we are to fully understand how learners may achieve not only the ability to use language
correctly, but also appropriately.