bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
kcna1a mutant zebrafish model episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1) with epilepsy and show response to first‐line therapy carbamazepine
Authors: Dogra Deepika , Meza‐Santoscoy Paola L. , Gavrilovici Cezar , Rehak Renata , de la Hoz Cristiane L. R. , Ibhazehiebo Kingsley , Rho Jong M. , Kurrasch Deborah M.
Published: May 2023

Objective

KCNA1 mutations are associated with a rare neurological movement disorder known as episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1), and epilepsy is a common comorbidity. Current medications provide only partial relief for ataxia and/or seizures, making new drugs needed. Here, we characterized zebrafish kcna1a−/− as a model of EA1 with epilepsy and compared the efficacy of the first‐line therapy carbamazepine in kcna1a−/− zebrafish to Kcna1−/− rodents.

Methods

CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis was used to introduce a mutation in the sixth transmembrane segment of the zebrafish Kcna1 protein. Behavioral and electrophysiological assays were performed on kcna1a−/− larvae to assess ataxia‐ and epilepsy‐related phenotypes. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was conducted to measure mRNA levels of brain hyperexcitability markers in kcna1a−/− larvae, followed by bioenergetics profiling to evaluate metabolic function. Drug efficacies were tested using behavioral and electrophysiological assessments, as well as seizure frequency in kcna1a−/− zebrafish and Kcna1−/− mice, respectively.

Results

Zebrafish kcna1a−/− larvae showed uncoordinated movements and locomotor deficits, along with scoliosis and increased mortality. The mutants also exhibited impaired startle responses when exposed to light–dark flashes and acoustic stimulation as well as hyperexcitability as measured by extracellular field recordings and upregulated fosab transcripts. Neural vglut2a and gad1b transcript levels were disrupted in kcna1a−/− larvae, indicative of a neuronal excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, as well as a significant reduction in cellular respiration in kcna1a−/−, consistent with dysregulation of neurometabolism. Notably, carbamazepine suppressed the impaired startle response and brain hyperexcitability in kcna1a−/− zebrafish but had no effect on the seizure frequency in Kcna1−/− mice, suggesting that this EA1 zebrafish model might better translate to humans than rodents.

Significance

We conclude that zebrafish kcna1a−/− show ataxia and epilepsy‐related phenotypes and are responsive to carbamazepine treatment, consistent with EA1 patients. These findings suggest that kcna1−/− zebrafish are a useful model for drug screening as well as studying the underlying disease biology.
Communal nesting behaviour of Siberian flying squirrels during the non‐winter season
Authors: Kikuchi Hayato , Akasaka Takumi , Asari Yushin , Yanagawa Hisashi , Oshida Tatsuo
Published: May 2023

Communal nesting behaviour of small mammals is thought to function mainly as a method of thermoregulation. However, this behaviour is also observed during the non‐winter season when there are no obvious thermoregulatory benefits. Siberian flying squirrels (Pteromys volans) nest communally during the non‐winter season. This may facilitate mating, but other functions such as thermoregulation have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, we examined whether communal nesting of P. volans during the non‐winter season plays a role in thermoregulation in addition to mating. In the event that communal nesting in the non‐winter season has any function other than mating, we expected an increase in non‐mating groups consisting of only‐males during the nurturing period (duration of mother squirrel and cubs living together) because females rearing their young do not participate in communal nesting. In Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan, during the non‐winter season (May–October) between 2019 and 2021, we captured P. volans in 252 nests by using nest boxes. The occurrence of male‐only groups showed a tendency to increase during the nurturing period. Moreover, the number of mixed‐sex groups increased between August and October each year; these changes in communal nesting during the non‐winter season were unrelated to the variation in air temperature or precipitation. These results suggest that during the non‐winter season, communal nesting of P. volans is related to reproductive behaviour. Additional studies are needed to determine how communal nesting during the non‐winter season enhances the reproductive success of male and female P. volans.
Do boutique investment banks have the Midas touch? Evidence from M&As
Authors: Alexandridis George , Antypas Nikolaos , Lee Vicky Y.
Published: May 2023

We study whether the meteoric rise of boutique advisors in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) is justified by their buy‐side performance. We find that acquiring firms represented by boutique advisors generate superior short‐ and long‐run abnormal returns over those employing full‐service advisors. This effect is mainly prominent in private deals, interindustry mergers, and deals involving inexperienced acquirers, where valuation uncertainty tends to be higher. Overall, our results reflect that acquirer shareholders benefit from boutique investment banks' high level of industry expertise and independent advice, supporting the rising demand for their financial advisory services.
“…in Japan, we are just imitating the ‘real’ thing…”. (Re)doing racialized authentic self in classical music
Authors: Kowalczyk Beata M.
Published: May 2023

Scholars exploring the entwinement of “authenticity” and “race” in cultural production demonstrate that artists are frequently evaluated according to racialized standards, whereby differences in musical expression are believed not only to be the result of cultural differences but to be rooted in ethnic and racial differences in the popular imagination. Heretofore, the research has focused either on evidencing that authenticity is entirely a social construct or on tracing racially informed discriminatory practices against artists of color. Exponents of an artform traditionally associated with a racial group other than their own are frequently deemed “inauthentic.” However, less attention has been devoted to investigating whether, and if so how artists resist, or otherwise deal with, this racialized construction of authenticity. This article contributes to the literature on authenticity, race, and identity in creative work by examining the ways in which artists navigate racialized representations of authenticity in Western art music. The analysis is informed by qualitative research conducted among 75 Japanese musicians in France, Poland, and Japan. It draws on performative theories to conceptualize both authenticity and race as something that people “do” and “redo,” rather than “have” or “are.” My findings demonstrate that Japanese artists are doing authentic music self through race by self‐aligning with a Western personality, a Western sense of music, and by training their bodies to fit Western instruments. The various means available to an artist to resist racialized preconceptions and appraisals are additionally examined and their feasibility and effectiveness assessed. I argue that an artist has considerable, albeit limited, agency and that the hierarchical racial divisions in Western classical music can therefore be temporarily dissolved to make it more inclusive.
Enhancement of photoluminescence intensity of sintered CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ red phosphor‐bismuthate glass composites
Authors: Shyu Jiin‐Jyh , Wu Chun‐Han
Published: May 2023

Wavelength converters in white light‐emitting diodes are usually made by sintering of phosphor‐glass powder compacts. An issue is that the sintering process usually results in the reduction of phosphor amount. In the present study, composites containing CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ red phosphor and Bi2O3‐B2O3‐ZnO‐Sb2O5 glass were fabricated by sintering method. Influences of CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphor content (10 vol%–30 vol%) and sintering temperature (410–430°C) on the residual amount of the phosphor phase and the resulting luminescence intensity of the composites were investigated. The change of CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ content due to sintering was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction. The interdiffusion between the CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ and glass matrix was examine by scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. This paper focuses on the change of luminescence intensity after sintering. It was found that although the content of phosphor CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ reduces after sintering; the luminescent intensity of the composites anomalously increases. The optimum luminescence intensity is 14% higher than that of the as‐mixed, unfired powder. It is proposed that the incorporation of Bi3+ ions from the glass matrix into the phosphor CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ during sintering improves the luminescence ability of the phosphor particles.
Synthesis and properties of alkali‐activated iron ore tailings blended with metakaolin
Authors: Defáveri do Carmo e Silva Keoma , Andrade Alvarenga Henrique Barbosa , Rocha Saulo Ferreira , Peixoto Ricardo André Fiorotti , Brigolini Guilherme Jorge Silva
Published: May 2023

In this study, synthesis, microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties, and environmental compatibility of alkali‐activated binders derived from iron ore tailings (IOT)—with partial replacement with metakaolin (MK)—were investigated. The binders were produced with a NaOH solution, IOT, and MK. A thermal cure at 100°C was used and the MK was applied as a partial replacement of IOT in three proportions (10, 20, and 30 wt%). The IOT‐based specimens presented an average of 98.0 and 18.0 MPa at 7 days age of curing for compressive and flexural strength, respectively. The mechanical properties of the alkali‐activated binders with MK decreased as the substitution ratio increased. By the microstructural analysis, it was found a zeolite‐type phase in alkali‐activated IOT, while in the binders blended with MK, three new mineral phases were identified. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared, quantitative X‐ray diffraction, and environmental analysis suggest that the Fe species present in IOT acted in the alkali‐activation reaction.
Preparation of high‐strength (Ta,W)C solid‐solutions by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Demirskyi Dmytro , Yoshimi Kyosuke , Suzuki Tohru S. , Vasylkiv Oleg O.
Published: May 2023

(Ta,W)C bulks were prepared by spark plasma sintering. Densification kinetics and solid‐solution formation kinetics were performed on the powder mixtures using TaC and W powders. The as‐received tungsten powder had a spherical shape and rather coarse size. By using the crushed and as‐received powder, it can be suggested that sintering at 2000°C limits the reaction volume to 3–6 μm and hence allows forming a complete solid‐solution using finer powders. The lattice parameter, hardness, toughness, and strength were investigated as a function of the TaC content. The flexural strength of the (Ta,W)C ceramic bulks was investigated up to 2000°C and it was found that the maximum strength was for the 60 mol.% TaC composition. Strength as a function of the temperature tended to increase up to 1200°C followed by a gradual decrease to 2000°C. When the TaC was reinformed by coarse W spheres, the flexural strength monotonically decreased from 570 MPa at room temperature to 220 MPa at 2000°C.
Antigen‐specific and cross‐reactive T cells in protection and disease
Authors: Jiang Ning , Malone Michael , Chizari Shahab
Published: May 2023

Human T cells have a diverse T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire that endows them with the ability to identify and defend against a broad spectrum of antigens. The universe of possible antigens that T cells may encounter, however, is even larger. To effectively surveil such a vast universe, the T‐cell repertoire must adopt a high degree of cross‐reactivity. Likewise, antigen‐specific and cross‐reactive T‐cell responses play pivotal roles in both protective and pathological immune responses in numerous diseases. In this review, we explore the implications of these antigen‐driven T‐cell responses, with a particular focus on CD8+ T cells, using infection, neurodegeneration, and cancer as examples. We also summarize recent technological advances that facilitate high‐throughput profiling of antigen‐specific and cross‐reactive T‐cell responses experimentally, as well as computational biology approaches that predict these interactions.
Exploring the dilemmas and their influence on teacher identity development during practicum: Implications for initial teacher education
Authors: Nawab Ali
Published: May 2023

Teaching practicum carries high significance in the initial teacher education because of its enhanced potential to provide the Student Teachers (STs) with the opportunities to put theories into practice and thus to learn the art of teaching under supervision. As revealed in educational literature, STs face a variety of dilemmas during their teaching practicum that influence their professional identity in either positive or negative ways. However, what dilemmas STs face during their teaching practicum and how those dilemmas influence their professional identity has received little attention from academics so far. This research aimed to address the said gap. Two groups of STs enrolled for Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) in a higher education institute in Pakistan and currently doing their teaching practicum were taken as research participants. Data were generated through focused group discussions. The emerging data were analysed thematically. Results showed that, during their practicum, STs undergo a variety of dilemmas created by the learners’ characteristics, limited interaction with students and reduced support mechanism. Most of the dilemmas emerge mainly because the STs have not been properly prepared considering the dilemmas they face at the classroom level. The emerging dilemmas predominantly and adversely affect the professional identity of the STs making them question their decision of opting for the profession of teaching. The implications of the insights emerging from this research are highlighted for initial teacher education institutes, teacher educators and cooperating schools.
Phase relations of the MgO–SiO2–CrOx system at 1600°C in air and reducing atmospheres
Authors: Chen Min , Sukhomlinov Dmitry , Taskinen Pekka , Tiljander Mia , Lindberg Daniel , Jokilaakso Ari
Published: May 2023

The equilibrium phase relations of the MgO–SiO2–CrOx system were investigated at 1600°C in air and at pO2 of 10–10 to 10–11 atm using a high‐temperature isothermal equilibration technique followed by rapid quenching and direct phase composition analyses with electron probe X‐ray microanalysis. Two‐phase equilibria (liquid–cristobalite, liquid–spinel, liquid–corundum, and liquid–olivine) and three‐phase equilibria (liquid–cristobalite–spinel, liquid–olivine–spinel, liquid–spinel–corundum, and cristobalite–spinel–corundum) were observed. The 1600°C isothermal sections at various oxygen partial pressures were constructed for the MgO–SiO2–CrOx system based on the experimentally determined liquid and solid compositions. Data from the literature and the predictions by FactSage and MTDATA software were compared with the present experimental results.
Crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of temperature stable (CoxZn1–x)TiNb2O8 ceramics
Authors: Jiang Jia‐Pei , Zhou Di , Wang Wei , Wang Chang‐Hao , Shi Zhong‐Qi , Liu Wen‐Feng , Zhou Tao , Chen Ya‐Wei , Liang Qi‐Xin , Zhang Mei‐Rong
Published: May 2023

(CoxZn1–x)TiNb2O8 (x = 0.2–0.8) microwave dielectric ceramics were synthesized via the conventional solid‐state reaction route, and the correlation of microwave dielectric properties on the crystal structure was discussed. Crystal structures of ceramic samples were systematically investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction. Moreover, composition‐induced phase transitions were confirmed via the following sequence: for x ≤ 0.2, single‐phase orthorhombic ixiolite (ZnTiNb2O8) was formed, whereas for 0.3 ≤ x<0.8, ixiolite and rutile coexisted. When x ≥ 0.8, only single‐phase rutile was detected. For the (CoxZn1–x)TiNb2O8 ceramics, the microwave dielectric properties were changed with the crystal structural transitions: the dielectric constant (εr) and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) increased upon increasing the Co2+, but the quality factor (Q) decreased. A near‐zero τf = +1.6 ppm/°C was obtained in the Co0.38Zn0.62TiNb2O8 ceramics with εr = 40.7 and high Q × f = 16 790 GHz. These research outcomes are expected to have great significance for developing microwave dielectric ceramics in practical applications.
Nurses' motivations to leave the nursing profession: A qualitative meta‐aggregation
Authors: Bahlman‐van Ooijen Wilmieke , Malfait Simon , Huisman‐de Waal Getty , Hafsteinsdóttir Thóra B.
Published: May 2023

Aim

To systematically provide an overview of the qualitative evidence available on the motivations for nurses to leave the nursing profession.

Design

A qualitative systematic review using the meta‐aggregation design of the Joanna Briggs Institute.

Data Sources

Qualitative studies in English, dating from 2010 until January 2023, were obtained from CINAHL, PsycINFO and PubMed.

Review Methods

Studies were selected using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. The assessment of confidence in the review findings was done according to the ConQual approach.

Results

Nine papers that investigated nurses' motivations to leave the profession were included. We developed four synthesized findings from 11 synthesized categories and 31 categories to reflect nurses' motivations to leave the profession, including (1) challenging work environment, (2) emotional distress, (3) disappointment about nursing reality, and (4) culture of hierarchy and discrimination.

Conclusion

This review provides an in‐depth and meaningful understanding of motivations for nurses to leave the profession. Among others, poor working conditions, a lack of opportunities for career development, a lack of support from managers, work‐related stress, a discrepancy between nursing education and practice and bullying behaviour were motivations to leave the profession, which calls for targeted action to retain nurses in the profession.

Impact

Findings of this study shine a light on reasons why nurses leave the profession, providing evidence to support nurse managers and policymakers to develop retention strategies to move out of current crisis into recovery of sustainable global healthcare.

Patient or Public Contribution

There was no direct patient or caregiver contribution to this study because this study originated from the process of a Master study. However, two of the authors are still involved in clinical nursing practice and provided the necessary link between research and practice.
Measuring person‐centred pain management: Development of a questionnaire using the fundamentals of care framework
Authors: Avallin Therese , Jangland Eva , Kitson Alison , Muntlin Åsa
Published: May 2023

Aim

To develop and test a questionnaire using the Fundamentals of Care framework to measure person‐centred pain management.

Design

Cross‐sectional exploratory descriptive design.

Methods

Development in three phases: (a) literature search for questionnaires measuring person‐centred pain management, (b) seven‐step process developing items using thematic analysis, (c) initial feasibility and validity testing. Theoretical and empirical evidence was used, including the ‘Strategic and Clinical Quality Indicators in Postoperative Pain management’ questionnaire, the Fundamentals of Care framework and person‐centredness principles. Theoretical experts (n = 2) reviewed the questionnaire, further evaluated by providers (n = 5) and patients (n = 5) using a think‐aloud process, and by additional questions in the questionnaire answered by n = 100 patients. The questionnaire was tested February to March 2021, at four surgical wards in a university hospital.

Results

The evaluation showed initial support for feasibility and validity, and the questionnaire was found to represent and be sensitive to capture the patients' experiences of person‐centred pain management and being easy to answer. The 100 patients with acute abdominal pain who answered the questionnaire (aged 18–89 years, 46 women and 54 men), identified missing elements of fundamental care in their pain management, indicating that the questionnaire is sensitive to capture specific areas for improvement.

Conclusion

This first attempt at transforming the essential components of person‐centred pain management into measurable items in a questionnaire was found promising. The questionnaire is suggested to be further tested for psychometric properties and patient benefit to provide clinical guidance in acute surgical care to meet the patient care need of pain management.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

The developed questionnaire addresses the need of nurses and nursing leaders to evaluate the delivery of person‐centred pain management in acute surgical care, to relieve the patient from pain.

Patient or public contribution

Patients and providers were involved in testing the questionnaire.
Does the cultural awareness of nurses affect brain drain and xenophobia?
Authors: Çetin Yasin , Savaş Mümin
Published: May 2023

Aim

Turkey is on the transit route of immigrants as it is located between countries where poverty and wars are intense and European countries. Therefore, there are countless immigrants from different countries in Turkey. Migrations affect every sector, especially the health sector. The aim of this study was to determine how cultural awareness of nurses, who are the cornerstone of the health system, affects brain drain and xenophobia. The problem of health care is not only on the agenda of immigrants, but also on the agenda of health service providers in their countries due to economic and working conditions.

Design

This research was designed as descriptive and relationship‐seeking.

Methods

The data of the research were collected through Google Forms between December 5 and 26, 2022. A total of 231 nurses working in a public hospital in south‐east Turkey participated in the study. Data were evaluated with descriptive statistics as well as reliability, t‐test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis.

Results

It was determined that the attitudes of the participants towards brain drain were moderate, their cultural awareness was low and their xenophobic attitudes were high. In addition, it was determined that 44% of the change in the total score obtained from the intercultural awareness scale was explained by the scores obtained from the xenophobia and brain drain scales.

Conclusions

In this context, it may be possible to reduce xenophobic attitudes by giving intercultural awareness trainings to nurses. In addition, it is important to provide working conditions and economic support by health policy makers to prevent the brain drain of nurses.

Impact

Nurses may need to provide care for individuals from different cultures due to the regions in which they live. For this reason increasing their cultural awareness and reducing xenophobia may ensure that they provide improved care to their patients.
Identifying work‐related factors associated with work–family conflict of care workers in nursing homes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hauser Claudia , Stahl Jonathan , Simon Michael , Valenta Sabine , Favez Lauriane , Zúñiga Franziska
Published: May 2023

Aims

To investigate which work‐related factors are associated with work–family conflict of care workers in nursing homes, this study aimed to: (a) describe the prevalence of work–family conflict of care workers in nursing homes and (b) assess the association of work‐related factors with work–family conflict.

Design

Cross‐sectional multicentre sub‐study based on data from the Swiss Nursing Homes Human Resources Project 2018.

Methods

Data were collected between September 2018 and October 2019. Work–family conflict of care workers was assessed with the Work–Family Conflict Scale (range 1–5). Prevalence was described in percentages. We used multilevel linear regression to assess the association of time‐based factors (working overtime or during one's free time, employment percentage, presenteeism, shift working) and strain‐based factors (staffing adequacy, leadership support) with work–family conflict.

Results

Our study sample consisted of 4324 care workers working in a total of 114 nursing homes. Overall, 31.2% of respondents stated to have experienced work–family conflict (>3.0 on the Work–Family Conflict Scale). The overall mean score of the study sample for work–family conflict was 2.5. Care workers experiencing presenteeism 10 or more days per year showed the highest scores for work–family conflict (mean: 3.1). All included predictor variables were significant (p < .05).

Conclusion

Work–family conflict is multifactorial. Possible intervention points to tackle work–family conflict could be strengthening care workers' influence in planning work schedules, enabling flexible planning to ensure adequate staffing, lowering presenteeism and implementing a supportive leadership style.

Impact

Care workers' jobs become less desirable when workplace demands interfere with family life. This study highlights the multifaceted nature of work–family conflict and suggests intervention options to prevent care workers from experiencing work–family conflict. Action is needed at nursing home and policy level.
Clinical practice recommendations for nurse‐administered intramuscular injections in mental health: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Guiguet‐Auclair Candy , Bernard Lise , Boisgard Stéphane , Cardinaud Zuzana , Fernandes Jennifer , Debost‐Legrand Anne , Gregoire Elisabeth , Lanquetin Jean Paul , Morin Nadine , Lopes Estelle , Noel Thibault , Guillot Benjamin , Viennet Hervé , Reynaud Dominique , Traore Ousmane , Legrand Guillaume
Published: May 2023

Aim

To develop clinical practice recommendations for nurse‐administered intramuscular injections in mental health.

Background

Intramuscular injection is the main route of long‐acting injectable antipsychotics' administration that appear to improve the long‐term prognosis of mental illness. Specific guidelines related to the nurse administration of intramuscular injections need to be updated and to explore not only the technical aspects of this procedure.

Design

A modified RAND/University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) appropriateness method Delphi study was conducted between October 2019 and September 2020.

Methods

A multidisciplinary steering committee conducted a literature review and developed a list of 96 recommendations. These recommendations were submitted in a two‐round Delphi electronic survey to a panel of 49 experienced practicing nurses from five mental health hospitals in France. Each recommendation was rated for its appropriateness and applicability in clinical practice on a 9‐point Likert scale. Consensus among nurses was evaluated. The steering committee discussed the results after each round and approved the final set of recommendations.

Results

A final set of 79 specific recommendations were accepted for their appropriateness and applicability in clinical practice. Recommendations were classified in five domains: legal and quality assurance aspects, nurse–patient relationship, hygiene, pharmacology, and injection technique.

Conclusion

The established recommendations placed patients at the heart of the decisions concerning the intramuscular injection and underlined the need for specific training programs. Future research should focus on the integration of these recommendations in clinical practice, by both before‐and‐after studies and regular assessments of professional practices with relevant indicators.

Impact

The recommendations developed for good nursing practices explored not only the technical aspects but integrated the nurse–patient relationship. These recommendations may impact usual practices of administration of long‐acting injectable antipsychotics and most of them could be applied in many countries.

No Patient or Public Contribution

Due to the study design.
Systematic review: Effect of mobile applications on college students with depressive symptoms
Authors: Lin Yueh‐Hsiu , Lou Meei‐Fang
Published: May 2023

Aim

To evaluate the effects of mobile applications (apps) on college students with depressive symptoms.

Design

Depression among college students is a school health issue, although little is known regarding effective app‐based interventions for managing depressive symptoms. This review follows the concept of (1) theoretical guidance framework on app design, (2) app‐based intervention study design and (3) effect of app‐based interventions.

Data Sources

Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text and PubMed were searched in October 2022.

Methods

English‐language reports of app‐based interventions for college students with depressive symptoms. Quality appraisal and data extraction of selected articles was conducted by two independent reviewers using the mixed methods appraisal tool. Data synthesis using core outcome and findings of intervention.

Results

Five studies have shown that depressive symptoms significantly decreased after app use, specifically indicating the effects that occur in 4 weeks. Although four studies have applied the theoretical framework to the app design, the findings showed the low implementation of the intervention activities as originally designed and at the specified dosage and difficulty in understanding the processes through which the intervention resolves the depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

App‐based intervention can decrease depressive symptoms; furthermore, 4 weeks was the time point at which the changes were expected to occur. However, the theory‐based app design for the depression population was rarely related, and studies clearly explaining the intervention measures, intervention dosage and duration required to achieve effectiveness are needed.

Impact

This study provides the synthesis of evidence‐based app interventions to manage depressive symptoms to zoom in on different views and we suggest using the applications for at least 4 weeks before changes are expected to occur.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public involvement in this study.
Adverse events associated with AveirTM VR leadless pacemaker: A Food and Drug Administration MAUDE database study
Authors: Garg Jalaj , Shah Kuldeep , Bhardwaj Rahul , Contractor Tahmeed , Mandapati Ravi , Turagam Mohit K. , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya
Published: May 2023

Background

Leadless pacemaker (LP) offers an innovative approach for treating bradyarrhythmia, thus avoiding pacemaker pocket and lead‐related complications. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved the Aveir™ leadless pacing system (screw‐in type LP).

Methods

We queried the FDA MAUDE database to study the safety profile and assess the types of complications with this relatively novel device technology. A MAUDE database search was conducted on January 20, 2023, for reports received post‐FDA approval to capture all adverse events.

Results

A total of 98 medical device report were reported for Aveir™ LP. After excluding duplicate, programmer‐related, or introducer‐sheath‐related entries (n = 34), 64 entries were included. The most commonly encountered problem was high threshold/noncapture (28.1%, 18 events), followed by stretched helix (17.2%, 11 events) and device dislodgement (15.6%, ten events—5 intraprocedural, while 5 in the postoperative Day 1). Other reported events included high impedance (14.1%, nine events), sensing issues (12.5%, eight events), bent/broken helix (7.8%, five events), premature separation (4.7%, three events), interrogation problem (3.1%, two events), low impedance (3.1%, two events), premature battery depletion (1.6%, one event) and inadvertent MRI mode switch (1.6%, one event) and miscellaneous (15.6%, n = 10). There were eight serious patient injury events—pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis (7.8%, five events) due to cardiac perforation that resulted in two deaths (3.1%) followed by sustained ventricular arrhythmias (4.6%, n = 3).

Conclusion

In our study assessing the real‐world safety profile of the Aveir™ LP, serious adverse events have been reported—life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias, pericardial effusion, device explantation/reimplantation, and death.
Association of sulfonylureas with the risk of dementia: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Wu Che‐Yuan , Iskander Carina , Wang Christa , Xiong Lisa Y. , Shah Baiju R. , Edwards Jodi D. , Kapral Moira K. , Herrmann Nathan , Lanctôt Krista L. , Masellis Mario , Swartz Richard H. , Cogo‐Moreira Hugo , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Rabin Jennifer S. , Black Sandra E. , Saskin Refik , Swardfager Walter
Published: May 2023

Background

Sulfonylureas are oral glucose‐lowering medications positioned as a second‐line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Evidence relating them to cognitive decline has been mixed. The objective was to determine whether sulfonylurea use was associated with a differential risk of dementia compared with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) inhibitor use.

Methods

Using administrative data from residents in Ontario, Canada, adults aged ≥66 years who were new users of a sulfonylurea or a DPP4 inhibitor from June 14, 2011, to March 31, 2021 entered this population‐based retrospective cohort study. Dementia was ascertained using a validated algorithm for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Propensity‐score weighted Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and confidence intervals (CI) for time to incident dementia. The observation window started at 1 year after cohort entry to mitigate protopathic bias due to delayed diagnosis. The primary analysis used an intention‐to‐treat exposure definition. A separate propensity‐score weighted analysis was conducted to explore within‐class differences in dementia risk among sulfonylurea new users selected from the primary cohort.

Results

Among 107,806 DPP4 inhibitor new users and 37,030 sulfonylurea new users, sulfonylureas compared with DPP4 inhibitors were associated with a higher risk of dementia (18.4/1000 person‐years; aHR [95% CI] = 1.09 [1.04–1.15]) over a mean follow‐up of 4.82 years from cohort entry. Glyburide compared to gliclazide exhibited a higher dementia risk (aHR [95% CI] = 1.17 [1.03–1.32]).

Conclusion

New use of a sulfonylurea especially glyburide was associated with a higher dementia risk compared with new use of a DPP4 inhibitor in older adults with diabetes.
Psychometric properties of inhibitory control measures among youth with Down syndrome
Authors: Soltani A. , Schworer E. K. , Altaye M. , Fidler D. J. , Beebe D. W. , Wiley S. , Hoffman E. K. , Voth K. , Esbensen A. J.
Published: May 2023

Background

Inhibitory control measures have been commonly used when assessing individuals with Down syndrome. However, minimal attention has been devoted to evaluating the appropriateness of specific assessments for use in this population, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of measures of inhibitory control among youth with Down syndrome. We sought to examine the feasibility, presence of floor or practice effects, test–retest reliability, convergent validity and correlations with broader developmental domains of a set of inhibitory control tasks.

Methods

A sample of 97 youth with Down syndrome aged 6 to 17 years old participated in verbal and visuospatial tasks of inhibitory control including the Cat/dog Stroop, Neuropsychological Assessment Second Edition (NEPSY‐II) Statue, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery (TCB) Flanker, Leiter‐3 Attention Sustained, and the Test of Attentional Performance for Children (KiTAP) Go/No‐go and Distractibility subtests. Youth also completed standardised assessments of cognition and language, and caregivers completed rating scales. Psychometric properties on the tasks of inhibitory control were evaluated against a priori criteria.

Results

Apart from demonstrating negligible practice effects, adequate psychometric properties were not observed for any inhibitory control measure within the current sample's age range. One task with low working memory demands (NEPSY‐II Statue) generally had better psychometric properties than the other tasks assessed. Subgroups of participants with an IQ greater than 30 and age more than 8 years were shown to be more likely to be able to complete the inhibition tasks.

Conclusions

Findings suggest better feasibility for analogue tasks rather than computerised assessments of inhibitory control. Given the weak psychometrics of several common measures, future studies are required to evaluate other inhibitory control measures, specifically those with reduced working memory demands for youth with Down syndrome. Recommendations for use of the inhibitory control tasks among youth with Down syndrome are provided.
European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for gastroduodenal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) G1–G3
Authors: Panzuto Francesco , Ramage John , Pritchard D. Mark , van Velthuysen Marie‐Louise F. , Schrader Joerg , Begum Nehara , Sundin Anders , Falconi Massimo , O'Toole Dermot
Published: May 2023

The aim of the present guidance paper was to update the previous ENETS guidelines on well‐differentiated gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), providing practical guidance for specialists in the diagnosis and management of gastroduodenal NETs. Type II gastric NETs, neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), and functioning duodenal NETs are not covered, since they will be discussed in other ENETS guidance papers.
Evaluation of the effect of preoperative rectal misoprostol use on the postoperative outcomes of hysteroscopic myomectomy
Authors: Güven Cenk Mustafa , Avul Zerrin
Published: May 2023

Aim

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of using two doses of rectal misoprostol on postoperative results in hysteroscopic myomectomy.

Methods

This retrospective study was carried out at two hospitals in which the medical records of patients who underwent hysteroscopic myomectomy between November 2017 and April 2022 were evaluated, and subjects were grouped depending on the administration of misoprostol before hysteroscopy. In recipients, two rectal doses of misoprostol (400 μg) were administered, 12 h and 1 h before the planned operation. Outcomes evaluated were: postoperative reduction in hemoglobin (Hb), pain at 12 and 24 h (VAS score), and length of hospital stay.

Results

The mean age of 47 women in the study group was 27.38 ± 5.12 (range 20–38) years. Hb levels reduced significantly in both groups after hysteroscopic myomectomy (p < 0.001). In misoprostol recipients, VAS score was found to be significantly lower at 12 h (p < 0.001) and 24 h after the operation (p = 0.004). Multiple linear regression analyses for each of the outcomes revealed the following: greater myoma size was associated with greater Hb decrease (p = 0.010), misoprostol use was associated with lower 12th and 24th hour VAS scores (p < 0.001), longer duration of operation was associated with higher 12th and 24th hour VAS scores (p < 0.001), and finally, longer duration of operation was associated with prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

The use of two doses of rectal misoprostol before hysteroscopic myomectomy was effective in reducing postoperative pain. Prospective, population‐based studies evaluating different uses of misoprostol in hysteroscopic myomectomy are needed.
Indications of goal displacement induced by budget cuts and output management: a case study of a regulatory enforcement agency in the Netherlands
Authors: HUIZINGA KEES
Published: May 2023

A case study was conducted at a regulatory enforcement agency in the Netherlands to explore whether it might be affected by goal displacement and, if so, to gain insight into the possible causes of the phenomenon. The results indicate three distinct types of goal displacement, each of which appears to substantially impair the effectiveness of the agency in a specific way. It is argued that the combination of multiple, consecutive budget cuts imposed on the agency and a strong culture of output management have played a key role in generating goal displacement. In more general terms, the study shows the potential usefulness of a goal displacement perspective in investigating the effectiveness of enforcement agencies.
Maxillofacial prosthetics and digital technologies: Cross‐sectional study of healthcare service provision, patient attitudes, and opinions
Authors: Hatamleh Muhanad Moh'd , Hatamlah Heba Mohammad , Nuseir Amjad
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Digital technologies are continuously improving the accuracy and quality of maxillofacial prosthetics, but their impact on patients remains unclear. This cross‐sectional study aimed to analyze the impact of facial prosthetics service provision, patients’ perception, and digital technology on prostheses construction.

Materials and Methods

All patients who presented for evaluation and management of facial defects between January 2021 and December 2021 at the ENT clinic were eligible for study enrollment. Patients requiring prosthetic reconstruction of their missing facial parts were included in the study. Forty‐five questionnaires were delivered, inquiring about the patients’ prosthetic demographics, prosthesis manufacture using 3D technologies, and their perceptions and attitudes.

Results

A total of 37 patients responded (29 males, eight females; mean age 20.50 years). The congenital cause was the highest among other causes (p = 0.001) with auricular defects being the highest (p = 0.001). A total of 38 prostheses were constructed and 17 prostheses were retained by 36 craniofacial implants (p = 0.014). The auricular and orbital implants success rates were 97% and 25%, respectively. The implant locations were digitally planned pre‐operatively. Digital 3D technologies of defect capture, data designing, and 3D modeling were used and perceived as helpful and comfortable (p = 0.001). Patients perceived their prosthesis as easy to handle, suited them, and they felt confident with it (p = 0.001). They wore it for more than 12 h daily (p = 0.001). They were not worried that it would be noticed, and found it comfortable and stable during various activities (p = 0.001). Implant‐retained prosthesis patients were more satisfied with it, and found it easy to handle and stable (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Congenital defects are the main cause of facial defects in the study country. The overall acceptance of maxillofacial prostheses was good, showing high patient perception and satisfaction. Ocular and implant‐retained silicone prostheses are better handled, more stable, and the latter is more satisfying than traditional adhesive prostheses. Digital technologies save time and effort invested in manufacturing facial prostheses.
Measuring the rate of psychological growth and examining its antecedents: A growth curve modeling approach
Authors: Yu Shi , Zhang Fengjiao , Little Todd D.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Humanistic psychologists have conceptualized a tendency among humans to experience continual open‐ended psychological growth. This study aims to measure the rate at which one grows psychologically using a novel growth curve modeling approach that addresses previous limitations. We also examine the effects of nine potential contributors to growth identified from the literature.

Method

Throughout the freshman year, 556 college students responded six times. Increments of growth were added up to create cumulative growth, which was then fit to a growth curve model to produce an estimate of the growth rate. The growth rate was then regressed on the Time 1 predictors to examine their unique effects.

Results

Models fit well. Five predictors significantly predicted the growth rate after controlling for the average of other predictors. When all predictors were entered simultaneously, three predictors (hope, meaning, and personal growth initiative) showed significant unique effects. The growth rate predicted well‐being and satisfaction at Time 6.

Conclusion

We successfully measured the rate of psychological growth and examined its antecedents. Follow‐up analyses suggested that the predictors not showing unique effects may indirectly predict growth rates via the proximal role of the three significant predictors, an idea that awaits future corroboration using within‐individual designs.
Capturing product/service improvement ideas from social media based on lead user theory
Authors: Yin Chang , Jiang Cuiqing , Jain Hemant K. , Liu Yao , Chen Bo
Published: May 2023

Capturing valuable product/service improvement ideas is helpful for the development of new features. However, the existing methods for capturing such improvement ideas have the disadvantages of high cost, long time lag, information overload, and difficulty in getting a response. We propose an innovative framework based on lead user theory for capturing product/service improvement ideas from user‐generated content on social media (henceforth called “chatter”). To identify the chatter containing improvement ideas, we design a machine‐learning‐based imbalanced classification model. Additionally, we use text summarization technology to get a rough sense of improvement ideas from the selected chatter. We validate the proposed framework by a case study in the automotive industry. The results demonstrate that the ideas extracted by our framework are breakthrough innovative, useful, feasible, and adoptable.
Tackling grand societal challenges: Understanding when and how reverse engineering fosters frugal product innovation in an emerging market
Authors: Adomako Samuel , Gyensare Michael Asiedu , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph , Akhtar Pervaiz , Hussain Nazim
Published: May 2023

Societies are confronted with grand challenges that require the efforts and coordination of diverse stakeholders. In this context, the role of for‐profit organizations has become vital in addressing such challenges. Drawing on the strategy tripod perspective, this study investigated the influence of reverse engineering on frugal product‐innovation performance (PIP) through the mediating effect of frugal innovation (i.e., cost innovation, and affordable value innovation). In addition, we examined the moderating impact of the industry environment (i.e., technological turbulence) and institutional context (i.e., legal inefficiency) on this relationship. We tested our hypotheses using time‐lagged data from 243 small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in an emerging economy—Ghana. Results from our analyses show that several of our hypotheses are supported which offers important implications for the indirect impact of reverse engineering on frugal product‐innovation performance in the context of resource‐constrained emerging markets. These findings extend the grand challenges, strategy, and innovation literature.
Relational legal consciousness in the one-child nation
Authors: Liu Qian
Published: May 2023

This article draws from a qualitative study of people's responses to China's population control policies to analyze the relational formation of legal consciousness within and across different types of relationships. It demonstrates that our expectations of others and theirs of us regarding how to respond to law change significantly when we situate ourselves in different types of relationships. The fluid boundaries of relationships in Chinese society also make it essential to think and plan relationally and holistically across different types of relationships to come up with strategies to resist or comply with the law. During this process of relational formation of legal consciousness, law interacts with and reshapes social norms to determine the (un)availability of alternative mechanisms based on the individual's social and financial status.