bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Brief Review on Dementia
Authors: Nayudu Amisha , Taksande Avinash
Published: January 2022

Dementia is a cognition decline that interferes with daily life functions. It is a syndrome cause of dementia is neurological and some medical conditions. Sometimes other diseases can contribute to dementia. Dementias of the neurodegenerative kind are common in adults, while injury to brain and brain tumors are common in students. In recent years, there have been advancements in neuroimaging and the correlation of clinics with pathology, and in the development of biomarkers, doctors still await modifying therapies for neurodegenerative dichasia.

There have been only a few articles on dementia within the IJP.

Most of the patients found are above the age of 60. Therefore, community-based interventions for the management of diseases like dementia are essential. The effectiveness of those resolves must be acknowledged. Also, the danger factors for dementia should be identified.

It is statically proved that folks will suffer from dementia more within the near future. Thus research during this field is significant for developing service and training. This paper aims to review research published on dementia in people above 40 years.

The cases of dementia increase with the increase in age of the person. Dementia makes people more and more dependent on others. Dementia is increasing challenges to our society and healthcare system. Clinical and pathological criteria for the significant dementia-causing diseases overlap significantly. The emergence of symptoms decades into the pathophysiological process hamper targeted disease therapy. A significant number of research initiatives are underway to identify potential biomarkers of disease processes earlier. The association of both overt cognitive decline and underlying pathophysiological processes with normal aging complicates identifying disease processes early within the spectrum of normal aging.

Once the diagnosis is established, prognostic measures are required and are still lacking, as disease trajectories between individuals can vary greatly. Globally, governments recognize these challenges. Investment and research infrastructure are beginning to reflect the scale of the need. Drugs conferring symptomatic benefit are available, and memory service structures exist to diagnose dementias and guide management. The personal impact of dementia on patients and families is also increasingly recognized, with discussion in the media surrounding famous sufferers and dramatizations in literature and film. Herein we attempt to describe the current landscape of dementia.
The Use of Topical Chloramphenicol for Eye Diseases in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Ahmad Nehad J. , Hamdi Abdullah I. , Binduhaim Nawaf , Alkhulifi Hesham A. , Menshawy Menshawy A.
Published: January 2022

Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the outpatient prescribing pattern of ophthalmic chloramphenicol in a public hospital in Alkharj.

Methodology: This is a retrospective study that includes reviewing the electronic prescriptions of ophthalmic chloramphenicol among outpatients in a public hospital in Alkharj.

Results: During the study period from 1st of January 2018 to the end of June 2018, 168 patients received ophthalmic chloramphenicol. More than 50 % of them were males and the age of 55.95% of them was less than 20 years. More than 46% of the ophthalmic chloramphenicol prescriptions were prescribed for 7 Days and 39.29% were prescribed for 5 days. More than 83% of the prescriptions were prescribed by emergency department.

Conclusion: The present study showed that ophthalmic chloramphenicol was uncommonly prescribed in Al-Kharj. Further studies are needed to explore the appropriateness of its prescribing and its use in order to decrease the bacterial resistance and to increase its efficacy.
Association between severe lumbar disc degeneration and self-reported occupational physical loading
Authors: Salo Sami , Hurri Heidi , Rikkonen Toni , Sund Reijo , Kröger Heikki , Sirola Joonas
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Occupational physical loading has been reported to be associated with intervertebral disc degeneration. However, previous literature reports inconsistent results for different vertebral levels. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) at different vertebral levels and the self-reported physical loading of occupation.

Methods

The study population consisted of 1,022 postmenopausal women and was based on the prospective Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention (OSTPRE) study cohort. The severity of LDD was graded from T2-weighted MRI images using the five-grade Pfirrmann classification. Five intervertebral levels (L1–L2 to L5–S1) were studied (total 5110 discs). The self-rated occupational physical loading contained four groups: sedentary, light, moderate, and heavy.

Results

The heavy occupational physical loading group had higher odds for severe LDD at the L5–S1 vertebral level (OR 1.86, 95% CI: 1.19–2.92, p = .006) in comparison with the sedentary work group. A clear trend of increasing disc degeneration with heavier occupational loading was also observed at the L5–S1 level. Age, smoking, and higher body mass index (BMI) were associated with more severe LDD. Leisure-time physical activity at the age of 11–17 years was associated with less severe LDD. Controlling for confounding factors did not alter the results.

Conclusions

There appears to be an association between occupational physical loading and severe disc degeneration at the lower lumbar spine in postmenopausal women. Individuals in occupations with heavy physical loading may have an increased risk for work-related disability due to more severe disc degeneration.
Comparison of an in‐house hybrid DIR method to NiftyReg on CBCT and CT images for head and neck cancer
Authors: Jiang Chunling , Huang Yuling , Ding Shenggou , Gong Xiaochang , Yuan Xingxing , Wang Shaobin , Li Jingao , Zhang Yun
Published: January 2022

An in‐house hybrid deformable image registration (DIR) method, which combines free‐form deformation (FFD) and the viscous fluid registration method, is proposed. Its results on the planning computed tomography (CT) and the day 1 treatment cone‐beam CT (CBCT) image from 68 head and neck cancer patients are compared with the results of NiftyReg, which uses B‐spline FFD alone. Several similarity metrics, the target registration error (TRE) of annotated points, as well as the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD) of the propagated organs at risk are employed to analyze their registration accuracy. According to quantitative analysis on mutual information, normalized cross‐correlation, and the absolute pixel value differences, the results of the proposed DIR are more similar to the CBCT images than the NiftyReg results. Smaller TRE of the annotated points is observed in the proposed method, and the overall mean TRE for the proposed method and NiftyReg was 2.34 and 2.98 mm, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean DSC in the larynx, spinal cord, oral cavity, mandible, and parotid given by the proposed method ranged from 0.78 to 0.91, significantly higher than the NiftyReg results (ranging from 0.77 to 0.90), and the HD was significantly lower compared to NiftyReg. Furthermore, the proposed method did not suffer from unrealistic deformations as the NiftyReg did in the visual evaluation. Meanwhile, the execution time of the proposed method was much higher than NiftyReg (96.98 ± 11.88 s vs. 4.60 ± 0.49 s). In conclusion, the in‐house hybrid method gave better accuracy and more stable performance than NiftyReg.
Specific Clearance of Senescent Synoviocytes Suppresses the Development of Osteoarthritis based on Aptamer‐Functionalized Targeted Drug Delivery System
Authors: Chen Xiang , Zhang Lei , Shao Xiaoyan , Gong Wang , Shi Tianshu , Dong Jian , Shi Yong , Shen Siyu , He Yi , Qin Jianghui , Lu Jun , Jiang Qing , Guo Baosheng
Published: January 2022

Age‐related diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity worldwide currently. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective interventions to reduce aging. In mice, the selective elimination of senescent cells via senolytics extends the median lifespan and attenuates various age‐related diseases including osteoarthritis (OA). However, most classified senolytics may also affect non‐senescent cells because of their suboptimal specificity for senescent cells, which hampers the translation of senolytic therapies to human diseases. Precise targeting of senolytics to specific senescent cell types may help circumvent these potential hurdles. In the joints of OA, abundant senescent fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs) are observed in the synovium region, which can promote the degradation of chondrocytes. Here, an aptamer‐functionalized liposome (LS) is developed, which encapsulates with senolytics (dasatinib and quercetin, DQ), termed as CX3‐LS‐DQ. This CX3‐LS‐DQ exhibits high affinity for FLS, a reasonably long circulation time, minimal toxicity, and strong clearance ability in senescent FLS. In the OA mouse model, intra‐articular injection of CX3‐LS‐DQ effectively attenuates cartilage degradation in vivo. Overall, the FLS‐specific aptamer‐functionalized drug delivery system could act as a novel carrier for targeted drug delivery to the synovium, providing a foundation for potential clinical translation in OA therapy.
Periodic Nanoarray of Graphene pn‐Junctions on Silicon Carbide Obtained by Hydrogen Intercalation
Authors: Karakachian Hrag , Rosenzweig Philipp , Nguyen T. T. Nhung , Matta Bharti , Zakharov Alexei A. , Yakimova Rositsa , Balasubramanian Thiagarajan , Mamiyev Zamin , Tegenkamp Christoph , Polley Craig M. , Starke Ulrich
Published: January 2022

Graphene pn‐junctions offer a rich portfolio of intriguing physical phenomena. They stand as the potential building blocks for a broad spectrum of future technologies, ranging from electronic lenses analogous to metamaterials in optics, to high‐performance photodetectors important for a variety of optoelectronic applications. The production of graphene pn‐junctions and their precise structuring at the nanoscale remains to be a challenge. In this work, a scalable method for fabricating periodic nanoarrays of graphene pn‐junctions on a technologically viable semiconducting SiC substrate is introduced. Via H‐intercalation, 1D confined armchair graphene nanoribbons are transformed into a single 2D graphene sheet rolling over 6H‐SiC mesa structures. Due to the different surface terminations of the basal and vicinal SiC planes constituting the mesa structures, different types of charge carriers are locally induced into the graphene layer. Using angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, the electronic band structure of the two graphene regions are selectively measured, finding two symmetrically doped phases with p‐type being located on the basal planes and n‐type on the facets. The results demonstrate that through a careful structuring of the substrate, combined with H‐intercalation, integrated networks of graphene pn‐junctions could be engineered at the nanoscale, paving the way for the realization of novel optoelectronic device concepts.
High‐Throughput Production of Cheap Mineral‐Based Heterostructures for High Power Sodium Ion Capacitors
Authors: Xiao Xuhuan , Duan Xuegang , Song Zirui , Deng Xinglan , Deng Wentao , Hou Hongshuai , Zheng Renji , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo
Published: January 2022

The high‐throughput scalable production of inexpensive and efficient electrode materials at high current densities demanded by industry is a huge challenge for large‐scale implementation of energy storage technologies. Here, inspired by theoretical calculations that a FeS2/TiO2 heterostructure with built‐in electric field (BEF) can reduce the reaction energy barrier and enhance charge transport, the scalable production of cheap FeS2/TiO2 heterostructure is fabricated by utilizing natural ilmenite as precursor, exhibiting excellent electrochemical performances for sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) anode. Assembling it with activated carbon (AC) cathode for SICs delivers high energy density (73.7 Wh kg−1) and high power density (10 kW kg−1) as well as outstanding cycle lifespan. Impressively, the method breaks through the traditional preparation approach by using natural minerals instead of high‐purity chemical raw materials as precursors for constructing heterojunctions, and price of the mineral is nearly five orders of magnitude lower than that of commercial chemical raw materials with high‐purity, which greatly reduces raw materials cost and is available for mass production. Similarly, the method can be extended to utilize other minerals to construct heterostructures, thus achieving expanded electrochemical performance, which exhibits huge potentials in electrochemical energy storage.
Synergetic Anion Vacancies and Dense Heterointerfaces into Bimetal Chalcogenide Nanosheet Arrays for Boosting Electrocatalysis Sulfur Conversion
Authors: Ye Zhengqing , Jiang Ying , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: January 2022

Vacancy and interface engineering are regarded as effective strategies to modulate the electronic structure and enhance the activity of metal chalcogenides. However, the practical application of metal chalcogenides in lithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries is limited by their low conductivity, rapid decline in catalytic activity, and large volume variation during the discharging/charging process. Herein, bimetal sulfide (CoZn‐S) nanosheet arrays with sulfur vacancies and dense heterointerfaces are proposed to accelerate sulfur conversion and improve the performance of Li−S batteries. Systematic investigations reveal that sulfur‐vacancy and build‐in interfacial field in CoZn‐S facilitate the electron transfer and regulate the electronic structure. The well‐designed 3D nanosheet array structures shorten the ion‐transport pathway and inhibit the volume fluctuation of CoZn‐S during the electrocatalysis process. Density functional theory studies confirm that the built‐in interfacial field and sulfur vacancy can promote the thermodynamic formation and decomposition of Li2S, thus improving their intrinsic activity.
Ge Incorporation to Stabilize Efficient Inorganic CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Meng Fanqi , Yu Bingcheng , Zhang Qinghua , Cui Yuqi , Tan Shan , Shi Jiangjian , Gu Lin , Li Dongmei , Meng Qingbo , Nan Cewen
Published: January 2022

Aiming at stable CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells, Ge incorporated for the first time into DMAPbI3‐based precursor systems. Ge incorporation is found to be able to modify crystallization growth of CsPb1−xGexI3 films and reduce annealing temperature and treatment time by lowering CsPbI3 formation energy. The champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.52% is achieved with a certified PCE of 18.8%, which is the highest performance of CsPbI3 PSCs with alien element‐doping. In addition, in situ formation of GeO2 can passivate the grain boundary and surface defects, thus significantly improving the moisture resistance of the perovskite film and related devices. Excellent operational stability is achieved with no PCE degradation over 3000 h at a fixed bias voltage of 0.85 V under continuous white LED (6500 K) illumination and a nitrogen atmosphere. This work demonstrates that Ge‐incorporation is a promising way to stabilize CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells by simultaneously improving perovskite crystallinity and passivating the grain boundary and interfacial defects.
A truncating variant in the THOC6 gene with new findings in a patient with Beaulieu‐Boycott‐Innes syndrome
Authors: Kiraz Aslıhan , Tubaş Filiz , Seber Turgut
Published: January 2022

Beaulieu‐Boycott‐Innes syndrome (BBIS; MIM#613680) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental genetic disorder associated with pathogenic variants in the THOC6 gene (*615403). Intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, developmental delay, structural cardiac and genitourinary anomalies, and dental caries are suggestive findings of the syndrome. Exome sequencing (ES) may facilitate the diagnosis of this syndrome, whose clinical features can be nonspecific. Here we report a BBIS patient with a homozygous truncating variant (NM_024339.5:c.299G>A; p.Trp100Ter) in the THOC6 gene, diagnosed by ES analysis. The patient's variant is novel and some features such as clivus dysplasia, occult spina bifida, tapered fingers, and upturned fleshy earlobes have not been reported in the literature before. This new case report will expand the knowledge of BBIS and provide more information about the genetic variants and phenotypic spectrum. Also, new cases with THOC6 variants will define the core clinical features and common phenotypes of the BBIS over time.
Plasma p‐tau231, p‐tau181, PET Biomarkers, and Cognitive Change in Older Adults
Authors: Meyer Pierre‐François , Ashton Nicholas J. , Karikari Thomas K. , Strikwerda‐Brown Cherie , Köbe Theresa , Gonneaud Julie , Pichet Binette Alexa , Ozlen Hazal , Yakoub Yara , Simrén Joel , Pannee Josef , Lantero‐Rodriguez Juan , Labonté Anne , Baker Suzanne L. , Schöll Michael , Vanmechelen Eugeen , Breitner John C. S. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Poirier Judes , Villeneuve Sylvia ,   Presymptomatic Evaluation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer Disease (PREVENT‐AD) Research Group
Published: January 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate novel plasma p‐tau231 and p‐tau181, as well as Aβ40 and Aβ42 assays as indicators of tau and Aβ pathologies measured with positron emission tomography (PET), and their association with cognitive change, in cognitively unimpaired older adults.

Methods

In a cohort of 244 older adults at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) owing to a family history of AD dementia, we measured single molecule array (Simoa)‐based plasma tau biomarkers (p‐tau231 and p‐tau181), Aβ40 and Aβ42 with immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry, and Simoa neurofilament light (NfL). A subset of 129 participants underwent amyloid‐β (18F‐NAV4694) and tau (18F‐flortaucipir) PET assessments. We investigated plasma biomarker associations with Aβ and tau PET at the global and voxel level and tested plasma biomarker combinations for improved detection of Aβ‐PET positivity. We also investigated associations with 8‐year cognitive change.

Results

Plasma p‐tau biomarkers correlated with flortaucipir binding in medial temporal, parietal, and inferior temporal regions. P‐tau231 showed further associations in lateral parietal and occipital cortices. Plasma Aβ42/40 explained more variance in global Aβ‐PET binding than Aβ42 alone. P‐tau231 also showed strong and widespread associations with cortical Aβ‐PET binding. Combining Aβ42/40 with p‐tau231 or p‐tau181 allowed for good distinction between Aβ‐negative and ‐positive participants (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] range = 0.81–0.86). Individuals with low plasma Aβ42/40 and high p‐tau experienced faster cognitive decline.

Interpretation

Plasma p‐tau231 showed more robust associations with PET biomarkers than p‐tau181 in presymptomatic individuals. The combination of p‐tau and Aβ42/40 biomarkers detected early AD pathology and cognitive decline. Such markers could be used as prescreening tools to reduce the cost of prevention trials. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:548–560
Extraordinary p–d Hybridization Interaction in Heterostructural Pd‐PdSe Nanosheets Boosts C−C Bond Cleavage of Ethylene Glycol Electrooxidation
Authors: Qin Yuchen , Zhang Wenlong , Wang Fengqi , Li JunJun , Ye Jinyu , Sheng Xia , Li Chenxi , Liang Xiaoyu , Liu Pei , Wang Xiaopeng , Zheng Xin , Ren Yunlai , Xu Cuilian , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: January 2022

Advanced electrocatalysts for complete oxidation of ethylene glycol (EG) in direct EG fuel cells are strongly desired owing to the higher energy efficiency. Herein, Pd‐PdSe heterostructural nanosheets (Pd‐PdSe HNSs) have been successfully fabricated via a one‐step approach. These Pd‐PdSe HNSs feature unique electronic and geometrical structures, in which unconventional p–d hybridization interactions and tensile strain effect co‐exist. Compared with commercial Pd/C and Pd NSs catalysts, Pd‐PdSe HNSs display 5.5 (6.6) and 2.5 (2.6) fold enhancement of specific (mass) activity for the EG oxidation reaction (EGOR). Especially, the optimum C1 pathway selectivity of Pd‐PdSe HNSs reaches 44.3 %, illustrating the superior C−C bond cleavage ability. Electrochemical in situ FTIR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the extraordinary p–d hybridization interaction and tensile strain effect could effectively reduce the activation energy of C−C bond breaking and accelerate CO* oxidation, boosting the complete oxidation of EG and improving the catalytic performance.
Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Responsive Biodegradable Nanoagents Based on Lanthanide Nucleotide Self‐Assemblies toward Precise Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yang Yingjie , Liu Yan , Tu Datao , Chen Mingmao , Zhang Yunqin , Gao Hang , Chen Xueyuan
Published: January 2022

Stimuli‐responsive nanoagents, which simultaneously satisfy normal tissue clearance and tumor‐specific responsive treatment, are highly attractive for precise cancer theranostics. Herein, we develop a unique template‐induced self‐assembly strategy for the exquisitely controlled synthesis of self‐assembled lanthanide (Ln3+) nucleotide nanoparticles (LNNPs) with amorphous structure and tunable size from sub‐5 nm to 105 nm. By virtue of the low‐temperature (10 K) and high‐resolution spectroscopy, the local site symmetry of Ln3+ in LNNPs is unraveled for the first time. The proposed LNNPs are further demonstrated to possess the ability for highly efficient loading and tumor‐microenvironment‐responsive release of doxorubicin. Particularly, sub‐5 nm LNNPs not only exhibit excellent biocompatibility and predominant renal‐clearance performance, but also enable efficient tumor retention. These findings reveal the great potential of LNNPs as a new generation of therapeutic platform to overcome the dilemma between efficient therapy and long‐term toxicity of nanoagents for future clinical applications.
Identifying the seasonal characteristics of likely habitats for the Yangtze finless porpoise in Poyang Lake
Authors: Li Qiyue , Lai Geying , Liu Ying , Devlin Adam Thomas , Zhan Shupin , Wang Sheng
Published: January 2022

The Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) has experienced significant decline and habitat degradation in recent decades. At present, nearly half of the total population inhabits Poyang Lake. The hydrological seasonality of the lake significantly influences porpoise habitat configuration, which brings problems for conservation in the delineation of reserve design and the management of human activities.

A hydrodynamic model was used to distinguish the different hydrological conditions between the flood and dry seasons. The MaxEnt model was used to investigate the major environmental variables affecting porpoise distribution and delineate likely habitats of the porpoise under different hydrological conditions. The effectiveness of the present nature reserve was evaluated based on these results.

Flow velocity and distance to fish spawning grounds were the primary variables influencing porpoise distribution during the dry season. Water depth, flow velocity and the distance to bank were the major variables during the flood season. The likely habitats were distributed discontinuously along the main channel during the dry season, with a total area of 112 km2. During the flood season, the habitats extended into the central areas of the lake and tributaries with a total area of 628 km2.

At present, the nature reserve covers 4% and 18% of the likely core habitats during dry and flood seasons. An ideal nature reserve should be designed as an integrative network with reference to the seasonality of likely habitat distribution and major environmental variables. The habitats in conditions of extreme low water should be strictly protected in the dry season.

Enhanced survey efforts, long‐term hydrodynamic modelling and species distribution modelling can greatly assist in understanding habitat configuration and changing processes for other freshwater cetaceans inhabiting river–lake systems. Future planning to improve protection should consider habitat characteristics under the shifting hydrological conditions caused by climate change or artificial flow alteration.
A framework for digital supply chains in the era of circular economy: Implications on environmental sustainability
Authors: Dwivedi Ashish , Paul Sanjoy Kumar
Published: January 2022

Increased attention to environmental sustainability has created pressures to adopt the circular economy (CE) principles. The transition toward CE requires system redesign and business process modification. Embracing disruptive technologies produces several benefits including improved productivity and resource utilization. Thus, organizations become eager to adopt and sustain digital supply chains (DSCs) in globally competitive markets. Additionally, the linkage between DSC with CE and the impact of DSC on organizational performances from the perspective of CE remain unexplored in previous studies. This study aims to develop a framework for DSC adoption from the perspective of CE. The present study recognizes the barriers through literature review and experts' opinions that must be eradicated to attain the objectives of DSCs. In this study, 19 potential barriers to DSCs were identified. A fuzzy best–worst method (BWM) was adopted to prioritize the identified barriers. Further, the study formulates strategies for integrating the CE with DSCs to overcome the barriers. A modified Total Interpretive Structure Model (m‐TISM) was developed to highlight the different levels of suggested strategies. This study contributes to the existing literature by analyzing the identified barriers to DSCs and suggesting overcoming strategies. The integrated methodology assists organizations to develop efficient and integrated strategic measures toward DSC adoption through the application of enhanced knowledge of CE and environmental sustainability. The findings reveal that the “lack of digital skills and facilities” is the most influential barrier in DSC development. Further, the findings indicate that financial and regulatory supports are the primary steps toward a digitalized economy.
Management of Isolated Labial Mucosal Fenestration by Endodontic Microsurgery Along With Platelet‐Rich Fibrin and Connective Tissue Graft: A Series of Four Cases
Authors: Tewari Shikha , Dhiman Meenu , Bhagavatheeswaran Subramony , Thakur Vidhi , Tewari Sanjay
Published: January 2022

Introduction

The purpose of this case report is to present endodontic and periodontal management of mucosal fenestrations with exposed root apices. The treatment protocol in present cases includes a combination of regenerative therapy using platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) with connective tissue graft (CTG) and endodontic microsurgery. Pre‐existing condition of these teeth exhibits apical lesion with prominent root position and complete buccal bone dehiscence/fenestration presents a true challenge to successful outcome.

Case Presentation

Four patients having concomitant mucosal fenestrations with an apical lesion and complete denudation/fenestration of the buccal plate were treated with root canal treatment and then by endodontic microsurgery. After the root‐end resection and retrograde filling, PRF was placed in the bone defect maintaining intimate contact with the bone surface. CTG was harvested from the palate, placed over the PRF, and beneath the flap corresponding to the mucosal fenestration defect, and sutured with the flap to ensure a secured position. The flap was then repositioned and sutured. All patients showed the complete coverage of the mucosal fenestration with no post‐operative complications and were followed up to 2–5 years.

Conclusion

Peri‐radicular endodontic microsurgery and CTG along with PRF may be used as a predictable treatment option to manage the mucosal fenestrations in such challenging cases.
Association of annual volume and in‐hospital outcomes of catheter‐directed thrombolysis for pulmonary embolism
Authors: Jung Richard G. , Simard Trevor , Hibbert Benjamin , Harris Alyssa H. , Hohmann Samuel F. , Giri Jay S. , Bashir Riyaz , Alkhouli Mohamad
Published: January 2022

Objective

We sought to evaluate the association between the institutional volume of catheter‐directed thrombolysis (CDT) for pulmonary embolism and in‐hospital mortality.

Background

CDT is an increasingly utilized therapy in patients with intermediate/high‐risk PE. However, data on the relationship between hospital volume and clinical outcomes remain limited.

Methods

Patients who underwent CDT between October 1, 2015, and March 31, 2021, were identified in the Vizient Clinical Database. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcome were major complications, length of stay, and cost. Hospitals were dichotomized into <8 and 8 cases/year following restricted cubic spline analysis.

Results

A total of 6741 CDT procedures at 171 hospitals were included with a median annual hospital volume of 4.1 cases (IQR = 1.9–8.3). A total of 44 hospitals (25.7%) were classified as high‐volume (8 cases/year) and performed 60.9% of all CDT cases. CDT at high‐volume centers was associated with lower in‐hospital mortality (6.0% vs. 11.3%; p < 0.0001). Stroke and bleeding rates were similar, but pulmonary complications were more frequent at low‐volume centers. CDT at high volume centers was associated with a significantly shorter length of stay and lower cost. The association between high CDT volume and in‐hospital mortality persisted after adjustment for demographics (odds ratio [OR] = 0.49, [0.41–0.58]), demographics and risk factors (OR = 0.52 [0.44–0.62]), and demographics, risk factors, and troponin elevation (OR = 0.51 [0.40–0.66]).

Conclusion

In a large contemporary cohort of patients undergoing CDT in the United States, low annual institutional volume of CDT was associated with higher in‐hospital mortality.
Carbon Encapsulated and rGO Wrapped Mo2C: an Anode Material with Enhanced Sodium Storage Capacity
Authors: Halankar Kruti K. , Mandal Balaji P. , Nigam Sandeep , Majumder C. , Tyagi A. K.
Published: January 2022

In this work, composite of Mo2C embedded in carbon and decorated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesised by simple and inexpensive method followed by reduction‐carbonisation for anode material for sodium ion battery. A series of techniques were utilized for structural, morphological and electrochemical characterizations. The electrochemical behaviour of Mo2C composites as anode materials of sodium ion battery was explored thoroughly. Mo2C embedded in carbon and decorated on rGO nanosheets (Mo2C/C/rGO) showed enhanced electrochemical performance in all respects. This unique design of Mo2C/C/rGO exhibited specific capacity of 498 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 current density and it retained 96.4 % of its initial capacity after 750 cycles. The added carbon and rGO nanosheets not only enhanced electronic conductivity but also minimized the adverse effect arises due to volume expansion during charging and discharging. The full cell fabricated with this rationally designed anode against NaNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 cathode delivered specific capacity of approximately 107 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1. Theoretical studies disclose that strong interaction between Mo2C and graphene modifies the band structure and geometrical parameters which facilitates sodium ion movement in the composite. These results shed light on Mo2C/C/rGO as future potential anode material for sodium ion battery application.
Elucidating 2D Charge‐Density‐Wave Atomic Structure in an MX–Chain by the 3D‐ΔPair Distribution Function Method**
Authors: Guérin Laurent , Yoshida Takefumi , Zatterin Edoardo , Simonov Arkadiy , Chernyshov Dmitry , Iguchi Hiroaki , Toudic Bertrand , Takaishi Shinya , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: January 2022

Many solids, particularly low‐dimensional systems, exhibit charge density waves (CDWs). In one dimension, charge density waves are well understood, but in two dimensions, their structure and their origin are difficult to reveal. Herein, the 2D charge‐density‐wave atomic structure and stabilization mechanism in the bromide‐bridged Pd compound [Pd(cptn)2Br]Br2 (cptn=1R,2R‐diaminocyclopentane) is investigated by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction employing the 3D‐Δpair distribution function (3D‐ΔPDF) method. Analysis of the diffuse scattering using 3D‐ΔPDF shows that a 2D‐CDW is stabilized by a hydrogen‐bonding network between Br− counteranion and the amine (NH2) group of the cptn in‐plane ligand, and that 3D ordering is prevented due to a weak plane to plane correlation. We extract the effective displacements of the atoms describing the atomic structure quantitatively and discuss the stabilization mechanism of the 2D‐CDW. Our study provides a method to identify and measure the key interaction responsible for the dimensionality and stability of the CDW that can help further progress of rational design.
Efficient Gamma‐Retroviral Transduction of Primary Human Skin Cells Using the EF‐c Peptide as a Transduction Enhancer
Authors: Barbier Martin A. , Piaceski Angela Dakiw , Larouche Danielle , Villeneuve Sarah H. , Ghani Karim , Pope Elena , Caruso Manuel , Germain Lucie
Published: January 2022

Efficient gene transfer into cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes during retroviral transduction is a critical step toward the treatment of genodermatoses such as epidermolysis bullosa. However, achieving high transduction rates is still a difficult task, particularly for the insertion of large coding sequences for which high viral titers cannot always be obtained. Multiple polycationic molecules, such as polybrene, which has been used in several clinical trials, have the ability to boost ex vivo retroviral gene transfer. However, the use of polybrene has been associated with a reduction of the proliferation and growth potential of human keratinocytes in culture. We developed a method for the efficient retroviral transduction of primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes using EF‐c, a polycationic nanofibril‐forming peptide. In comparison with polybrene, we found that the retroviral transduction efficiency with EF‐c was increased 2.5‐ to 3.2‐fold for fibroblasts, but not for keratinocytes. Moreover, the use of EF‐c did not affect fibroblast proliferation and keratinocyte stem cell content, whereas polybrene induced a decrease in both. This method could have a positive impact on the development of ex vivo gene correction of genodermatoses, allowing for more efficient gene transfer into primary skin cells with little to no effect on proliferation and stem cell content. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Fibroblast and keratinocyte transduction

Support Protocol: Assessment of transduction efficiency through flow cytometry analysis
Assessment of Muscle Function Following hiPSC‐Derived Myoblast Transplantation in Dystrophic Mice
Authors: Fabre Paul , Molina Thomas , Orfi Zakaria , Dumont Nicolas A.
Published: January 2022

Muscular dystrophies are caused by genetic variants in genes encoding for proteins important for muscle structure or function, leading to a loss of muscle integrity and muscle wasting. To this day, no cure has been found for these diseases. Different therapeutic approaches are under intensive investigation. Cellular therapy has been extensively studied for diseases such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, a debilitating disease caused by a mutation in the DMD gene, encoding for the dystrophin protein. Healthy myogenic cells transplanted into dystrophic muscles have the potential to engraft at long‐term and fuse to donate their nuclei to the dystrophin‐deficient myofibers, thereby restoring normal gene expression. Despite promising preclinical studies, the clinical trials had limited success so far due to many technical limitations. The recent technological advances in induced‐pluripotent stem cells and genome editing opened new opportunities in this field. One of the keys to efficiently translate these new technologies into clinical benefits is to use relevant endpoints for preclinical studies. Considering that dystrophic muscles are susceptible to contraction‐induced injury, the assessment of their resistance to repeated eccentric contractions is an optimal outcome to evaluate their functional recovery following cell transplantation. This protocol describes the procedure to generate induced‐pluripotent stem cell‐derived myoblasts, transplant these cells into skeletal muscle of immunosuppressed dystrophic mice, and assess muscle function in situ by measuring the resistance of the transplanted muscle to repeated eccentric contractions. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

This article was corrected on 4 August 2022. See the end of the full text for details.

Basic Protocol 1: Generation of hiPSC‐derived myoblasts.

Basic Protocol 2: Transplantation of hiPSC‐derived myoblasts in skeletal muscle of dystrophic mice.

Basic Protocol 3: Assessment of muscle function in situ
LDLR dysfunction induces LDL accumulation and promotes pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Shi Xiangguang , Chen Yahui , Liu Qingmei , Mei Xueqian , Liu Jing , Tang Yulong , Luo Ruoyu , Sun Dayan , Ma Yanyun , Wu Wenyu , Tu Wenzhen , Zhao Yinhuan , Xu Weihong , Ke Yuehai , Jiang Shuai , Huang Yan , Zhang Rui , Wang Lei , Chen Yuanyuan , Xia Jingjing , Pu Weilin , Zhu Honglin , Zuo Xiaoxia , Li Yisha , Xu Jinhua , Gao Fei , Wei Dong , Chen Jingyu , Yin Wenguang , Wang Qingwen , Dai Huaping , Yang Libing , Guo Gang , Cui Jimin , Song Nana , Zou Hejian , Zhao Shimin , Distler Jörg H.W. , Jin Li , Wang Jiucun
Published: January 2022

Treatments for pulmonary fibrosis (PF) are ineffective because its molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic targets are unclear. Here, we show that the expression of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) was significantly decreased in alveolar type II (ATII) and fibroblast cells, whereas it was increased in endothelial cells from systemic sclerosis‐related PF (SSc‐PF) patients and idiopathic PF (IPF) patients compared with healthy controls. However, the plasma levels of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) increased in SSc‐PF and IPF patients. The disrupted LDL–LDLR metabolism was also observed in four mouse PF models. Upon bleomycin (BLM) treatment, Ldlr‐deficient (Ldlr−/−) mice exhibited remarkably higher LDL levels, abundant apoptosis, increased fibroblast‐like endothelial and ATII cells and significantly earlier and more severe fibrotic response compared to wild‐type mice. In vitro experiments revealed that apoptosis and TGF‐β1 production were induced by LDL, while fibroblast‐like cell accumulation and ET‐1 expression were induced by LDLR knockdown. Treatment of fibroblasts with LDL or culture medium derived from LDL‐pretreated endothelial or epithelial cells led to obvious fibrotic responses in vitro. Similar results were observed after LDLR knockdown operation. These results suggest that disturbed LDL–LDLR metabolism contributes in various ways to the malfunction of endothelial and epithelial cells, and fibroblasts during pulmonary fibrogenesis. In addition, pharmacological restoration of LDLR levels by using a combination of atorvastatin and alirocumab inhibited BLM‐induced LDL elevation, apoptosis, fibroblast‐like cell accumulation and mitigated PF in mice. Therefore, LDL–LDLR may serve as an important mediator in PF, and LDLR enhancing strategies may have beneficial effects on PF.
Comorbidity between eating disorders and psychiatric disorders
Authors: Momen Natalie C. , Plana‐Ripoll Oleguer , Yilmaz Zeynep , Thornton Laura M. , McGrath John J. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Petersen Liselotte Vogdrup
Published: January 2022

Objective

Previous literature has established an increased risk of eating disorders among individuals with other psychiatric disorders and vice versa. However, often studies have focused on eating disorders as a single diagnostic entity and/or investigated selected psychiatric comorbidities. We conducted a comprehensive study, exploring bidirectional associations between different types of eating disorders and broad groups of all other psychiatric disorders, to identify patterns of comorbidity.

Method

We included all people born in Denmark 1963–2010. We collected information on eating disorders and considered the risk of subsequent psychiatric disorders using Cox‐proportional hazards regression. Absolute risks were calculated using competing risks survival analyses. We also considered prior psychiatric disorders and subsequent eating disorders.

Results

An increased risk was seen for almost all disorder pairs of diagnoses evaluated. Following an anorexia nervosa (AN) diagnosis, the median hazard ratio for the different subsequent psychiatric disorders was 3.80 (range 2.48–6.15); following an other eating disorder (OED) diagnosis, it was 3.16 (range 2.05–5.14). After different psychiatric disorder diagnoses, the median hazard ratio was 2.66 for later AN (range 1.21–5.31), and 2.51 for later OED (range 1.25–4.10). Absolute risk of eating disorders was also higher among those with other psychiatric disorders than those without.

Discussion

In this broad examination, we identified bidirectional increases in risk of comorbidity for those with both eating disorder diagnoses and psychiatric disorder diagnoses. Although our findings indicate different patterns of comorbidity between eating disorders, these variations were generally small.
RAD‐tag and mitochondrial DNA sequencing reveal the genetic structure of a widespread and regionally imperiled freshwater mussel, Obovaria olivaria (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
Authors: Bucholz Jamie R. , Sard Nicholas M. , VanTassel Nichelle M. , Lozier Jeffrey D. , Morris Todd J. , Paquet Annie , Zanatta David T.
Published: January 2022

Obovaria olivaria is a species of freshwater mussel native to the Mississippi River and Laurentian Great Lakes‐St. Lawrence River drainages of North America. This mussel has experienced population declines across large parts of its distribution and is imperiled in many jurisdictions. Obovaria olivaria uses the similarly imperiled Acipenser fulvescens (Lake Sturgeon) as a host for its glochidia. We employed mitochondrial DNA sequencing and restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) to assess patterns of genetic diversity and population structure of O. olivaria from 19 collection locations including the St. Lawrence River drainage, the Great Lakes drainage, the Upper Mississippi River drainage, the Ohioan River drainage, and the Mississippi Embayment. Heterozygosity was highest in Upper Mississippi and Great Lakes populations, followed by a reduction in diversity and relative effective population size in the St. Lawrence populations. Pairwise FST ranged from 0.00 to 0.20, and analyses of genetic structure revealed two major ancestral populations, one including all St. Lawrence River/Ottawa River sites and the other including remaining sites; however, significant admixture and isolation by river distance across the range were evident. The genetic diversity and structure of O. olivaria is consistent with the existing literature on Acipenser fulvescens and suggests that, although northern and southern O. olivaria populations are genetically distinct, genetic structure in O. olivaria is largely clinal rather than discrete across its range. Conservation and restoration efforts of O. olivaria should prioritize the maintenance and restoration of locations where O. olivaria remain, especially in northern rivers, and to ensure connectivity that will facilitate dispersal of Acipenser fulvescens and movement of encysted glochidia.
Climate warming may weaken stabilizing mechanisms in old forests
Authors: Germain Sara J. , Lutz James A.
Published: January 2022

Plant competition may intensify with climate warming, but whether this will occur equally for conspecific and heterospecific competition remains unknown. Competitive shifts have the potential to instigate community change because the relative strengths of conspecific and heterospecific negative density dependence mediate the stabilizing mechanisms underpinning species coexistence. We examined a mature temperate forest to assess both direct and indirect climate effects at multiple scales: individual species, interspecies relationships, and community stability mechanisms. Our coupled approach (1) quantified tree mortality risk dependence on the interactive effects of competition, climatic water deficit, snowpack, and soil moisture for 28,913 trees over 8 years (3149 mortalities), then (2) used a climate‐projection ensemble to forecast changes in conspecific and heterospecific competition from 2020 to 2100. We predict that projected climate warming will destabilize the foundational forest community by increasing the strength of heterospecific competition at a greater rate and to a greater degree than conspecific competition for four of five abundant tree species, particularly on dry microsites. Modeling showed that these findings were most pronounced after the year 2038, at which point snowpacks were projected to be too small to ameliorate the effects of drought on competitive interactions. Our finding that heterospecific competition is more sensitive than conspecific competition to climate warming may indicate the impending loss of ecosystem functioning. We join the growing body of work showing a predominance of indirect drought effects, yet coupled climate models still fail to consider how changing community dynamics may impact forest cover and, in turn, disrupt forest–climate carbon feedbacks. Ecosystems sharing characteristics with our example forest—those with low species richness and therefore a limited biodiversity insurance effect—may be similarly vulnerable to climate‐mediated destabilization. In such communities, increased heterospecific competition among even a small number of species can more easily destabilize communities without recourse from redundant species. This study of an overlooked but vital mechanism of community change can be adapted by research in a range of ecosystems to improve the understanding of climate change consequences.
Living with heart failure: patient experiences and implications for physical activity and daily living
Authors: Niklasson Anna , Maher Joshua , Patil Rakshit , Sillén Henrik , Chen Jersey , Gwaltney Chad , Rydén Anna
Published: January 2022

Aims

Heart failure (HF) substantially limits the ability of patients to engage in physical activities. A detailed understanding of how patients experience these limitations is required to develop valid and sensitive measures for use in clinical research. This qualitative study was designed to provide a thorough description of how HF patients experience physical activity limitations in their daily lives.

Methods and results

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 40 HF patients. Interview transcripts were coded with the aim of identifying key aspects of physical activity. Patients were divided between HF with preserved ejection fraction (n = 21, 52.5%) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (n = 19, 47.5%); the majority of patients were New York Heart Association Class II (n = 22, 52.5%) or Class III (n = 16, 40.0%). Relevant physical activity themes, including mobility and broader daily function areas, were identified. The most frequently reported mobility limitations involved difficulty walking (up a steep incline, up steps, and long distances), limited walking speed, difficulty standing for long periods of time, and difficulty carrying and lifting objects. These limitations were principally related to three HF symptoms: dyspnoea, tiredness/fatigue, and peripheral oedema. Patients adapted to their symptoms and related mobility limitations in several ways, including taking rests during an activity, doing an activity more slowly, and avoiding/refraining from an activity altogether. The broader daily function areas most commonly impacted by the mobility limitations were housework, exercising or playing sports, and going shopping.

Conclusions

Heart failure patients report numerous physical activity limitations. These specific mobility and daily function areas can be measured using clinical outcome assessments (e.g. patient‐reported outcomes and performance outcomes) in clinical trials and observational research. Accelerometry can be used to contribute to a holistic picture of patient functioning by passively collecting this type of data.