bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulating miR‐146a and miR‐134 in predicting drug‐resistant epilepsy in patients with focal impaired awareness seizures
Authors: Leontariti Maria , Avgeris Margaritis , Katsarou Martha‐Spyridoula , Drakoulis Nikolaos , Siatouni Anna , Verentzioti Anastasia , Alexoudi Athanasia , Fytraki Aggeliki , Patrikelis Panayiotis , Vassilacopoulou Dido , Gatzonis Stylianos , Sideris Diamantis C.
Published: April 2020

Objective

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurologic disorders, causing serious psychological problems and reducing quality of life. Although 20 different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 30% of patients have drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). Considering the role of miR‐146a and miR‐134 in neuroinflammation and dendritic functionality, respectively, the aim of this study was the clinical evaluation of circulating miR‐146a and miR‐134 as novel noninvasive molecular markers for the prognosis of refractory epilepsy.

Methods

The study included 162 patients with focal impaired awareness seizures. Total RNA was extracted from serum samples spiked with synthetic cel‐miR‐39‐3p for normalization purposes. First‐strand complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis was performed using microRNA‐specific stem‐loop primers, and hsa‐miR‐134/146a levels were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). DRE was used as clinical end point event. Internal validation was performed by bootstrap analysis, and decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the clinical benefit on disease prognosis.

Results

The circulating levels of both miR‐134 and miR‐146a were elevated in patients with drug‐resistant seizures. The receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patients with increased circulating miR‐134/146a levels are at significantly higher risk for developing DRE, independently of temporal lobe sclerosis, epilepsy duration, familial history, age at first seizure, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking behavior, and gender. Finally, decision curve analysis highlighted that the evaluation of circulating miR‐134/146a led to superior clinical benefit for DRE prognosis and patients' risk stratification.

Significance

Elevated serum miR‐134/146a levels are associated with a higher risk for AED‐resistant epilepsy and could constitute novel noninvasive molecular markers to improve disease early prognosis and support precision medicine.
The fixed set search applied to the power dominating set problem
Authors: Jovanovic Raka , Voss Stefan
Published: April 2020

In this article, we focus on solving the power dominating set problem and its connected version. These problems are frequently used for finding optimal placements of phasor measurement units in power systems. We present an improved integer linear program (ILP) for both problems. In addition, a greedy constructive algorithm and a local search are developed. A greedy randomised adaptive search procedure (GRASP) algorithm is created to find near optimal solutions for large scale problem instances. The performance of the GRASP is further enhanced by extending it to the novel fixed set search (FSS) metaheuristic. Our computational results show that the proposed ILP has a significantly lower computational cost than existing ILPs for both versions of the problem. The proposed FSS algorithm manages to find all the optimal solutions that have been acquired using the ILP. In the last group of tests, it is shown that the FSS can significantly outperform the GRASP in both solution quality and computational cost.
Increased soluble (pro)renin receptor protein by autophagy inhibition in cultured cancer cells
Authors: Endo Moe , Ohba Koji , Sato Shigemitsu , Yokota Yurina , Takahashi Kazuhiro
Published: April 2020

(Pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) regulates the renin–angiotensin system and functions as an essential accessory subunit of vacuolar H+‐ATPase. There is accumulating evidence that shows close relationship between (P)RR and autophagy. Soluble (P)RR consisting of the extracellular domain of (P)RR is generated from (P)RR by proteolytic enzymes. The aim of the present study was to clarify the influence of autophagy inhibition on soluble (P)RR expression in cancer cells. Autophagy was inhibited by treatment of bafilomycin A1 or chloroquine in MCF‐7 and A549 cells for 72 hr. Western blot analysis showed that protein levels of soluble (P)RR were markedly elevated by autophagy inhibition, whereas no noticeable increases were observed in full‐length (P)RR. Secretion of soluble (P)RR into the medium was increased dose‐dependently by bafilomycin A1 or chloroquine. Autophagy inhibition was confirmed by enhanced accumulation of autophagy‐related proteins, LC3, p62 and LAMP1 in intracellular vesicles. Increased amount of soluble (P)RR by autophagy inhibition was decreased by site‐1 protease inhibitor, whereas no noticeable increase in site‐1 protease immunoreactivity was observed in cells with autophagy inhibition by immunocytochemistry. These findings suggest that soluble (P)RR protein accumulates by autophagy inhibition, possibly because of the reduced degradation of soluble (P)RR in the intracellular vesicles during autophagy inhibition.
Vertical Discretization Impact in Numerical Modeling of Matrix Diffusion in Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Farhat Shahla K. , Adamson David T. , Gavaskar Arun R. , Lee Sophia A. , Falta Ronald W. , Newell Charles J.
Published: April 2020

Understanding the effects of contaminants that can diffuse into low‐permeability (“low‐k”) zones is crucial for effective groundwater remedial decision‐making. Because low‐k zones can serve as low‐level sources of contamination to more transmissive zones over time, an accurate evaluation of the impacts of matrix diffusion at contaminated sites is vital. This study compared numerical groundwater flow and transport simulations using MODFLOW/RT3D at a hypothetical site using three cases, each with increasing discretization of the vertical 10‐m thick domain: (1) a coarse multilayer heterogeneous grid based on one layer for each of four different hydrogeological units, (2) a “low‐resolution” discretization approach where the low‐k units were divided into several sublayers giving the model 10 layers, and (3) a “high‐resolution” numerical model with 199 layers that are a few centimeters thick. When comparing the results of each case, significant differences were observed between the discretizations used, even though all other model input data were identical. The conventional grid models (Cases 1 and 2) appeared to underestimate groundwater plume concentrations by a factor ranging from 1.1 to 36 when compared to the high‐resolution grid model (Case 3), and underestimated predicted cleanup times by more than a factor of 10 for some of the hypothetical sampling points in the modeling domain. These results validate the implication of Chapman et al. (2012), that conventional vertical discretization of numerical groundwater flow and transport models at contaminated sites (with layers that are greater than 1 m thick) can lead to significant errors when compared to more accurate high‐resolution vertical discretization schemes (layers that are centimeters thick).
Fluoride‐Selective Electrode as a Tool to Evaluate the Degradation of PFAS in Groundwater: A Bench‐Scale Investigation
Authors: Stonebridge Janice , Baldwin Rachel , Thomson Neil R. , Ptacek Carol
Published: April 2020

Fluoride (F−) concentration in groundwater can be used as an independent measure of the degradation of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at contaminated sites. This study assessed the impact of the groundwater matrix, oxidizing reagents, quenching agent, and sample handling procedures (filtration) on determinations of F−. F− was quantified using a fluoride‐selective electrode (FSE) using matrix spike recovery (acceptable range 75 to 125%) and electrode slope performance (ideal range −54 to −60 mV). For the unaltered aqueous matrices considered (ultrapure water, ultrapure water with sodium chloride, and simulated groundwater), matrix spike recoveries were greater than 93% and acceptable electrode slopes (−59.5 ± 0.2 mV) were obtained. Matrix spike recoveries and electrode slopes when persulfate or permanganate was added were 87 and 93%, and −58.4 ± 1.3 and −47.3 ± 2.2 mV, respectively. Therefore, quantifying F− in matrices containing permanganate should involve use of either a matrix‐matched calibration curve or the method of standard additions due to the low electrode slope. The addition of ascorbic acid as a quenching agent resulted in a decrease in matrix spike recoveries to <74% and suggests alternate quenching procedures should be used if an FSE is employed to measure F−. Removal of sediments by filtration prior to the addition of the fluoride spike led to improved matrix spike recoveries (>96%), which were otherwise underestimated using the FSE in the presence of sediments. While the FSE may be a quick and portable tool, its significant limitations need to be fully understood before it can be used to quantify the production of F− resulting from the potential degradation of PFAS at field sites.
Zircon U–Pb geochronology of “Sashu mylonite”, eastern extension of Higo Plutono‐metamorphic Complex, Southwest Japan: Implication for regional tectonic evolution
Authors: Kawaguchi Kenta , Hayasaka Yasutaka , Das Kaushik , Shibata Tomoyuki , Kimura Kosuke
Published: April 2020

Geochronological and geochemical studies reveal the possible origin of the restricted body of mylonite rocks occurring at the eastern edge of Kyushu Island, Japan, just in contact with the Sashu Fault, a part of the Paleo‐Median Tectonic Line (Paleo‐MTL). The LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating of the quartz diorite mylonite in this mylonitic body indicates a crystallization age of 114.0 ±1.7 Ma. Moreover, the two tonalite samples appear as thin layers within the Permian fine‐grained mafic mylonite; a part of the same body yields the age of 113.7 ±2.3 Ma and 116.9 ±1.3 Ma, with extremely low Th/U ratio. These quartz diorite mylonite and tonalite are consistent with the late Early Cretaceous magmatism and coeval metamorphism similar to those in the Higo Plutono‐metamorphic Complex in western Kyushu, Japan. This newly characterized complex occurs just south of the Cretaceous Sambagawa metamorphic rocks. The newly characterized mylonitic rocks are lying structurally above the Sambagawa Metamorphic Complex and are distributed along the Paleo‐MTL. The extension of the Higo Plutonometamorphic Complex, as well as the structural relationship between this complex and the Sambagawa Metamorphic Complex, is still controversial but holds a key to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of Southwest Japan during the Late Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic period. Hence, this article provides new insight into the reconstruction of the evolution history of East Asia as an active convergent margin.
Effectiveness of individual face‐to‐face exercise counselling in changing exercise behaviours to relieve symptom distress in pregnant women
Authors: Lee Ching‐Fang , Huang Yao‐Chung , Wen Fur‐Hsing , Lin Chen‐Ju , Chi Li‐Kang , Chang Chun‐Wei
Published: April 2020

Aim

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of individualized exercise counselling in changing exercise behaviour and relieving pregnancy‐related distress symptoms in pregnant women.

Methods

A quasi‐experimental design and convenience sampling technique were used. Participants were recruited from the prenatal outpatient departments of medical centre hospitals in Taipei, Taiwan. The experimental group (n = 52) received face‐to‐face exercise counselling followed by 8 weeks of exercise sessions in their homes. The control group (n = 49) received no exercise counselling. Pregnancy‐related distress symptoms were assessed before and after 8 weeks in both groups.

Results

The after‐counselling scores of total (t = 2.46, P < 0.05) and physical (t = 3.18, P < 0.01) distress symptoms were significantly lower than the before‐counselling scores in the experimental group. The total, physical and psychological distress scores significantly differed between groups and before and after counselling. The adjusted R2 values for total, physical and psychological distress symptoms ranged from 0.59 to 0.70. Participants' exercise habits increased from prepregnancy (19.2%) to after counselling (71.2%).

Conclusion

Exercise counselling may effectively increase exercise habits and reduce pregnancy‐related distress symptoms among pregnant women. Women with higher pretest symptom distress scores also had higher posttest symptom distress scores. Based on our outcomes, health care providers should routinely provide exercise counselling to pregnant women.
Perioperative and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal versus extracorporeal ileal conduit: A matched‐pair comparison in a multicenter cohort in Japan
Authors: Kanno Toru , Inoue Takahiro , Kawakita Mutsushi , Ito Katsuhiro , Okumura Kazuhiro , Yamada Hitoshi , Kubota Masashi , Fujii Masato , Shimizu Yosuke , Yatsuda Junji , Kobori Go , Moroi Seiji , Shichiri Yasumasa , Akao Toshiya , Sawada Atsuro , Saito Ryoichi , Kobayashi Takashi , Ogawa Osamu
Published: April 2020

Objectives

To compare the perioperative and oncological outcomes of pure laparoscopic intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion versus extracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion after laparoscopic radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in a multicenter cohort in Japan.

Method

A total of 455 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy carried out at 10 institutions were included in this retrospective study. The perioperative data of the intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion and extracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion groups were compared using the propensity score matching method. The Kaplan–Meier curves were obtained to elucidate time to ureteroenteric stricture, reoperation, recurrence and survival.

Results

In total, 72 matched pairs were evaluated for the final analysis. The median follow‐up period was 28 and 23 months in the intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion and extracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion groups, respectively. The operative time in the intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion group was approximately 1 h longer than that in the extracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion group. The early and late postoperative complication rates were similar in both groups, except for the reduced wound‐related complication rates in the intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion group. The median days to regular oral food intake were 4 and 5 days in the intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion and extracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion groups, respectively (P = 0.014). No significant difference was noted in the occurrence of ureteroenteric strictures and reoperation rate. Furthermore, recurrence‐free, cancer‐specific, and overall survival rates and recurrence patterns did not significantly differ.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion is a safe, feasible and reproducible procedure with similar postoperative complication rates, ureteroenteric stricture rate and oncological outcomes when compared with extracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion, but faster postoperative bowel recovery and decreased wound‐related complication rates.
Genetic variability following selection for scrapie resistance in six autochthonous sheep breeds in the province of Bolzano (northern Italy)
Authors: Bordin Fulvio , Dalvit Chiara , Caldon Mauro , Zulian Laura , Colamonico Rosa , Trincanato Simone , Mock Barbara , Reale Stefano , Mutinelli Franco , Granato Anna
Published: April 2020

Scrapie is an ovine transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, and its susceptibility is associated with polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP). Genetic selection is currently the most effective mean for eradication of the susceptible VRQ allele in favour of resistant ARR allele. Maintenance of genetic diversity should be one of the major objectives in breeding programmes, especially in endangered breeds, and genetic information are an excellent alternative to pedigree data where these information are missing. The aim of our study was to determine changes of genetic variability in six native sheep breeds from autonomous province of Bolzano, northern Italy, following simulation of scrapie selection scenarios. A total of 684 rams were investigated for PRNP polymorphisms and for 10 microsatellite loci to estimate genetic variability. Across all loci, a total of 163 alleles were detected with a mean of 10.4 alleles per locus. Average observed (Ho) and unbiased expected (uHe) heterozygosity overall loci were 0.74 and 0.78, respectively, showing a statistically significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in all breeds. This heterozygosity deficit was confirmed by a positive fixation index (Fis), determining a moderate inbreeding in each breed. Simulating a soft selection, where only rams having at least a VRQ allele should be excluded from reproduction, Ho, uHe and Fis values remained almost unchanged, indicating that genetic variability should not be affected by the removal of these individuals. With a mild selection scenario, considering only rams with at least one ARR allele, we observed a decrease in the mean alleles per breed (8.9) and the maintenance of heterozygosity deficiency, except for two breeds, where it was any longer significant. These results showed that selection strategies allowing use of heterozygous as well homozygous ARR rams might be the right compromise to improve resistance to scrapie and to do not dramatically affect genetic variability of these breeds.
Koi herpesvirus and carp edema virus threaten common carp aquaculture in Croatia
Authors: Zrnčić Snježana , Oraić Dražen , Zupičić Ivana Giovanna , Pavlinec Željko , Brnić Dragan , Rogić Žaklin Acinger , Sučec Ivica , Steinhagen Dieter , Adamek Mikolaj
Published: April 2020

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a very important fish species for warm‐water aquaculture in Croatia. All Croatian carp farms are subjected to a surveillance programme for the presence of koi herpesvirus (KHV), causing a deadly disease called koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD). However, there is no surveillance for other viral pathogens of importance like carp edema virus (CEV), a causative agent of koi sleepy disease (KSD). During regular testing within the KHVD surveillance programme, we tested samples for CEV simultaneously. The screening indicated possible outbreaks of KHVD and KSD. During 2016, KHVD broke out in an isolated area and soon thereafter a KHV eradication programme was successfully performed. However, during 2018 and 2019, two additional mortality events occurred in lakes in the southern part of Croatia during the spring. Samples from both events tested positive for CEV. An epidemiological investigation confirmed the introduction of infected carps from an infected farm to one of the lakes. To prevent the spreading of CEV into open waters, it is of utmost importance to introduce CEV testing before fish movement or to perform regular testing of all carp farms in the country to determine CEV prevalence for the purpose of implementation of control measures.
Effect of antibacterial treatments and natural chemicals on the quality and safety of marinated raw crab paste during storage at −20°C
Authors: Luo Haibo , Li Cheng , Zhou Tao , Kong Xiaoxue , Chen Yuru , Jiang Li , Yu Lijuan
Published: April 2020

The effects of antibacterial treatments and several natural chemicals on the quality and safety of crab paste during storage at −20°C were investigated. All antibacterial treatments significantly reduced the bacterial total viable count (TVC) of swimming crabs, with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) combined with ultrasonic cleaning having the best effects. Four chemicals significantly inhibited the increase in TVC, pH, and the accumulation of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) compared to controls, and their combined treatment had synergistic effects. The L
9(3
4) orthogonal experiment showed that the optimum combination was A1B3C3D2 (i.e., 0.1 g kg−1 nisin, 0.4 g kg−1 ε‐polylysine hydrochloride, 0.3 g kg−1 tea polyphenol, and 0.5 g kg−1 citric acid). The TVC, TVB‐N concentration, and pH in A1B3C3D3‐treated samples remained far below the maximum acceptable limit for good‐quality marinated, raw, aquatic animal product after 12 months of frozen storage at −20°C. Furthermore, the combined treatment (A1B3C3D3) significantly inhibited the reproduction of foodborne pathogenic bacteria and spoilage bacteria. The antibacterial treatments and natural chemicals reduced foodborne pathogenic bacteria and inhibited microbial spoilage, and therefore maintained the quality and safety of crab paste during frozen storage. Antibacterial treatments and natural chemicals could be commercially utilized to maintain the quality and safety of crab paste.
Participant and Caregiver Perspectives on Clinical Research During Covid‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Padala Prasad R. , Jendro Ashlyn M. , Gauss C. Heath , Orr L. Casey , Dean Kim T. , Wilson Kerrie B. , Parkes Christopher M. , Padala Kalpana P.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

The COVID‐19 pandemic has massively disrupted essential clinical research. Many regulatory organizations have rightfully advocated to temporarily halt enrollment and curtail all face‐to‐face interactions. Views and opinions of patients and their caregivers are seldom considered while making such decisions. The objective was to study older participantsʼ and their caregiversʼ perspectives to participate in ongoing clinical research during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

DESIGN

Cross‐sectional.

SETTING

VISN‐16/Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs.

PARTICIPANTS

Older participants and their caregivers (N = 51) enrolled in ongoing clinical research studies.

MEASUREMENTS

Questions about perceptions of safety to attend research visit, the level of panic among the general public, and medical centerʼs preparedness in handling the pandemic. Other questions identified the source of pandemic information and the preference of a phone or in‐person visit.

RESULTS

Mean age was 69.3 (±9.4) years, 53% were male, 39% were caregivers, and 65% were Caucasian. Majority (78%) of the participants felt safe/very safe attending the scheduled research appointment; 63% felt that the extra screening made them feel safe/very safe; 82% felt that the medical center was prepared/very prepared for the pandemic. Participants split evenly on their preference for phone versus in‐person visits. Family members and television news media were the commonly used sources of pandemic information irrespective of their education. Perceptions were influenced by gender and source of information, not by age or education. Females perceived higher level of panic compared to males (P = .02). Those relying on news media felt safer compared to those that relied on family members (P = .008).

CONCLUSION

Even though informants felt that the medical center was prepared to handle the pandemic, only half the participants preferred the in‐person visit. Pandemic information was obtained from family members or the television news media. Knowing patientsʼ perspectives may help researchers be better prepared for future pandemics. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:E14–E18, 2020.
Stuck in Motion: Inhabiting the Space of Transit in Central American Migration
Authors: Frank‐Vitale Amelia
Published: April 2020

En este artículo examino lo que significa habitar el espacio de tránsito. Propongo un análisis enfocado en el “medio”, abordándolo como tal y no en relación con los lugares y momentos que quedan a ambos extremos. Este trabajo responde a estos cuestionamientos para centrarse en la travesía migratoria, agregando una lente antropológica a la condición humana de encontrase en el medio. Analizo la migración de los centroamericanos indocumentados en México y detallo cómo la criminalización de los migrantes y el enfoque en torno a sus cuidados durante el tránsito, empujan a las personas a un mayor movimiento. Utilizando reportes de los traficantes de migrantes y de migrantes victimizados, muestro cómo el régimen de migración regional produce y perpetúa el movimiento clandestino, lo que mantiene a muchos migrantes atascados en movimiento. A medida que más personas son obligadas a habitar en el espacio de tránsito, es fundamental comprender los roles que allí se producen, cómo se reacciona a ellos y cómo son percibidos e implementados por los estados, los actores humanitarios y los mismos migrantes. [etnografía de la movilidad, tráfico de personas, migración de tránsito]
Protective effects of ischemic preconditioning against neuronal apoptosis and dendritic injury in the hippocampus are age‐dependent
Authors: Lee Tsong‐Hai , Yang Jen‐Tsung , Lin Jr‐Rung , Hu Chaur‐Jong , Chou Wen‐Hai , Lin Ching‐Po , Chi Nai‐Fang
Published: April 2020

Ischemic preconditioning with non‐lethal ischemia can be protective against lethal forebrain ischemia. We hypothesized that aging may aggravate ischemic susceptibility and reduce brain plasticity against preconditioning. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a sensitive tool to detect brain integrity and white matter architecture. This study used DTI and histopathology to investigate the effect of aging on ischemic preconditioning. In this study, adult and middle‐aged male Mongolian gerbils were subjected to non‐lethal 5‐min forebrain ischemia (ischemic preconditioning) or sham‐operation, followed by 3 days of reperfusion, and then lethal 15‐min forebrain ischemia. A 9.4‐Tesla MR imaging system was used to study DTI indices, namely fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and intervoxel coherence (IC) in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) areas. In situ expressions of microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2, dendritic marker protein) and apoptosis were also examined. The 5‐min ischemia did not cause dendritic and neuronal injury and any significant change in DTI indices and MAP2 in adult and middle‐aged gerbils. The 15‐min ischemia‐induced significant delayed neuronal apoptosis and early dendritic injury evidenced by DTI and MAP2 studies in both CA1 and DG areas with more severe injury in middle‐aged gerbils than adult gerbils. Ischemic preconditioning could improve neuronal apoptosis in CA1 area and dendritic integrity in both CA1 and DG areas with better improvement in adult gerbils than middle‐aged gerbils. This study thus suggests an age‐dependent protective effect of ischemic preconditioning against both neuronal apoptosis and dendritic injury in hippocampus after forebrain ischemia.

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Creating High‐Impact Literature Reviews: An Argument for ‘Integrative Reviews’
Authors: Elsbach Kimberly D. , van Knippenberg Daan
Published: April 2020

In this article, we argue that integrative literature reviews are among the most useful vehicles for advancing knowledge and furthering research in a topic domain. Integrative literature reviews are strongly anchored in a representative description of a field, but add new insights via a critical analysis and synthesis of the field’s literature. Based on this definition, we explicate the ways that scholars can (1) define the ‘space’ for an integrative review (i.e., how they can justify and bound an integrative review), and (2) synthesize insights gained from the review to develop a new perspective or point of view on the literature. We illustrate these points with several of the most highly‐cited manuscripts published in the Academy of Management Annals. Finally, we close by arguing why these points make integrative reviews most useful for advancing knowledge and furthering research in the area of management.
Tectorigenin inhibits inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in allergic asthma model of ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs
Authors: Wang Youpeng , Jing Weichao , Qu Wanying , Liu Zhiwei , Zhang Di , Qi Xiaoyu , Liu Lujia
Published: April 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tectorigenin on treating allergic asthma model of guinea pigs and investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Allergic asthma model of guinea pigs was established by sensitizing with ovalbumin (OVA). Then OVA-sensitized guinea pigs were injected with 10 mg/kg tectorigenin, 25 mg/kg tectorigenin or dexamethasone to investigate the effect of tectorigenin.

Key findings

High dose of tectorigenin effectively decreased the number of coughs, the number of inflammatory cells and the levels of pro-inflammatory factors. Moreover, tectorigenin could inhibit pulmonary fibrosis in guinea pigs sensitized with OVA. In addition, the functions of tectorigenin were realized through downregulating profibrotic factors of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, phosphorylated (p)-Smad2/3 and Smad4, upregulating fibrosis-inhibitor of Smad7 and decreasing pro-inflammatory factors of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), p-inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) kinase β (p-IKKβ) and NF-κB.

Conclusions

Tectorigenin could inhibit pulmonary fibrosis and airway inflammation through TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway and TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway. Therefore, tectorigenin might be a promising medicine to treat allergic asthma.
YouTube as a source of information for narcolepsy: A content‐quality and optimization analysis
Authors: Szmuda Tomasz , Özdemir Cathrine , Fedorow Karolina , Ali Shan , Słoniewski Paweł
Published: April 2020

YouTube is the world's most popular video‐sharing site that in recent years has become an important platform for patients in finding educational information about their disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality and reliability of narcolepsy‐related YouTube videos. We searched the key terms “Narcolepsy”, “Narcolepsy‐cataplexy,” “Narcolepsy excessive daytime sleepiness” and “Narcolepsy excessive drowsiness” on YouTube. 80 videos were analyzed as they meet the inclusion criteria. Quantitative and qualitative metrics were recorded and the videos were scored using the DISCERN instrument by two independent raters. Our findings show that the majority of videos contained clear information (84%), symptoms (78%) and patient experience (69%). Most videos were published by an educational channel not representing a hospital or clinic (41%) or by a patient suffering from the disease (25%). Videos containing animations had a statistically significant correlation between average daily views (p = .0004) and the video power index (p = .0048), suggesting that this feature increased the popularity among viewers. The mean DISCERN score was 27 ± 8, indicating that the quality of narcolepsy related‐videos is poor. Therefore, patients that use YouTube as an educational tool are currently not attaining a comprehensive understanding of the disease. For this reason, we have indicated the top 5 videos that physicians can recommend to their patients. Our paper highlights the gaps of knowledge concerning narcolepsy information on YouTube. Therefore, this information can be used to create better educational content in the future.
Epidendrumcusiyacoense (Orchidaceae), a new species from Colombia
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Szlachetko Dariusz L.
Published: April 2020

A new species of Epidendrum, E. cusiyacoense, is described and illustrated based on Colombian material. The novelty belongs to the ‘Garayi subgroup’ and resembles the Ecuadorian endemic E. ilinizae, but is distinguished by the oblong‐lanceolate leaf which is over five times longer than wide, 2‐flowered inflorescence and entire, papillate lip margins. Epidendrum cusiyacoense is so far exclusively known from Colombia where it grows as an epiphyte in wet páramo, among scrub and Espeletia patches at the altitude of about 3000–3500 m. A key to the identification of species belonging to informal Garayi subgroup is provided.
A new Cryptocoryne species (Araceae) from the Schwaner mountains, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Wongso Suwidji , Hendrik  , Jensen Karen R. , Ørgaard Marian , Jacobsen Niels
Published: April 2020

A new species, Cryptocoryne tirtadinatae, from the Schwaner mountains West Kalimantan, Indonesia is described and illustrated. It differs significantly from all other Cryptocoryne species by the short leathery leaves, with the leaf blades shining green–purple pinkish with green markings on the upper surface, and the short spathe with a reddish limb and red spotted tube opening. The chromosome number 2n = 24, is the first report of this number for the genus.
Randomized clinical trial: Effects of Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract on symptoms, fecal microbiota and fecal metabolite profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ahluwalia Bani , Magnusson Maria K. , Böhn Lena , Störsrud Stine , Larsson Fredrik , Savolainen Otto , Ross Alastair , Simrén Magnus , Öhman Lena
Published: April 2020

Background

Aloe barbadensis Mill. (Aloe) with potential prebiotic effects has been suggested to reduce symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We therefore aimed to determine the effects of an Aloe extract on symptoms of IBS, and evaluate whether effects may be mediated by fecal microbiota and metabolites in a randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial.

Methods

Patient with IBS diagnosed according to the ROME III criteria (all subtypes), received Aloe or control treatment (inulin) for 4 weeks. IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS‐SSS) was assessed, and fecal samples collected before and at end of treatment. Fecal microbiota composition and metabolomic profile were determined.

Key results

In total, 160 IBS patients completed the study. The overall severity of IBS symptoms was reduced in both Aloe and control treatment groups (P < .001, both groups, comparing baseline vs end of treatment), without difference between groups (P = .62). The frequency of responders (IBS‐SSS reduction ≥ 50) did not differ between Aloe treatment (n = 33, 39%) and control (n = 34, 45%) (P = .49). However, fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles differed between Aloe, but not control treatment responders and non‐responders both before and after treatment.

Conclusion

In a mixed group of IBS patients, Aloe was not superior to control treatment, although it showed potential to reduce IBS symptom severity in subsets of IBS patients which could be predicted by fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT01400048.
Redox‐active cysteines in TGACG‐BINDING FACTOR 1 (TGA1) do not play a role in salicylic acid or pathogen‐induced expression of TGA1‐regulated target genes inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Budimir Jelena , Treffon Katrin , Nair Aswin , Thurow Corinnna , Gatz Christiane
Published: April 2020

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule of the plant immune system.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, SA biosynthesis is indirectly modulated by the closely related transcription factors TGACG‐BINDING FACTOR 1 and 4 (TGA1 and TGA4, respectively). They activate expression ofSYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT1, the gene product of which regulates the key SA biosynthesis geneISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1.

Since TGA1 interacts with the SA receptor NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS‐RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) in a redox‐dependent manner and since the redox state of TGA1 is altered in SA‐treated plants, TGA1 was assumed to play a role in the NPR1‐dependent signaling cascade. Here, we identified 193 out of 2090 SA‐induced genes that require TGA1/TGA4 for maximal expression after SA treatment. One robustly TGA1/TGA4‐dependent gene encodes for the SA hydroxylase DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANT 6‐LIKE OXYGENASE 1, suggesting an additional regulatory role of TGA1/TGA4 in SA catabolism.

Expression of TGA1/TGA4‐dependent genes in mock/SA‐treated orPseudomonas‐infected plants was rescued in thetga1 tga4double mutant after introduction of a mutant genomicTGA1fragment encoding a TGA1 protein without any cysteines. Thus, the functional significance of the observed redox modification of TGA1 in SA‐treated tissues remains enigmatic.
Biogeography and phylogeny of masting: do global patterns fit functional hypotheses?
Authors: Pearse Ian S. , LaMontagne Jalene M. , Lordon Michael , Hipp Andrew L. , Koenig Walter D.
Published: April 2020

Interannual variability of seed crops (CVp) has profound consequences for plant populations and food webs, where high CVp is termed ‘masting’. Here we ask: is global variation in CVp better predicted by plant or habitat differences consistent with adaptive economies of scale, in which flower and seed benefits increase disproportionately during mast years; or by passive mechanisms, in which seed production responds to variation in resource availability associated with climate variability?

To address this question, we compiled a dataset for phylogenetic comparative analysis of long‐term fruit/seed production for plants comprising 920 time series spanning 311 plant species.

Factors associated with both adaptive benefits of CVp (wind pollination and seed dispersal) and climatic variability (variability of summer precipitation) were among the best predictors of global variation in CVp. We observed a hump‐shaped relationship between CVp and latitude and intermediate phylogenetic and geographic signals in CVp.

CVp is patterned nonrandomly across the globe and over the plant tree of life, where high CVp is associated with species benefiting from economies of scale of seed or flower production and with species that experience variable rainfall over summer months when seeds usually mature.
About the interplay between internal and external spatial codes in the mind: implications for serial order
Authors: Guida Alessandro , Abrahamse Elger , van Dijck Jean‐Philippe
Published: April 2020

Previous studies have shown that serial order in verbal working memory is spontaneously coded along the horizontal axis (i.e., the spatial positional association response codes (SPoARC) effect), with the initial items being associated with left and the last items being associated with right. These studies have led to the idea that when the cognitive system is confronted with a sequence of items processed verbally and semantically, it internally generates a spatial coordinate frame onto which memoranda can be bound to maintain their serial information. In this study, the interplay between internal and external spatial codes in the mind was investigated by testing the flexibility of the SPoARC effect. A verbal Sternberg probe detection task was used in which the displayed direction of the items during encoding (centrally, from left‐to‐right and from right‐to‐left) and the presentation rate (1‐ and 5‐s/item) were manipulated. SPoARC effects were found in all conditions but were reversed in the right‐to‐left presentation condition. Follow‐up analyses revealed no evidence of any spatial cost for the reversal; moreover, it was not influenced by the presentation rates. These findings suggest that space can be flexibly recruited for the spontaneous coding of serial order. The theoretical implications of these observations are discussed.
At Least 5‐Year Follow‐up After Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection Due to Lumbar Radicular Pain Caused by Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Jang Seung Hwa , Chang Min Cheol
Published: April 2020

Objectives

Transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) can be used to control radicular pain following lumber spinal stenosis (LSS). However, limited information is available on the long‐term prognosis of TFESI in patients with LSS.

Methods

Of the 90 patients who underwent TFESI for controlling LSS‐induced radicular pain at least 5 years previously, 54 patients completed a phone interview. We inquired about their degree of pain during walking or standing, current oral medication used for radicular pain, current TFESI injections, progression to surgery, and unemployment due to pain at least 5 years after the TFESI for LSS‐induced radicular pain.

Results

Five to seven years after the initial TFESI, the numeric rating scale (NRS) score had decreased from 6.7 to 3.7. Of the included patients, approximately 65% of the patients had an NRS score of ≥3, although roughly 15% of patients reported complete resolution of the initial pain. Approximately half of the included patients were currently receiving repetitive TFESIs every 2 to 6 months or were taking oral pain medications. Further, approximately 25% of the patients had undergone a surgical intervention; however, its outcome was poor.

Conclusion

The prognosis after TFESI for controlling LSS‐induced radicular pain is thought to be relatively poor. However, considering poor long‐term outcome and complications after surgery, we believe that TFESI is worth considering as a safe modality for controlling radicular pain following LSS.
Subcutaneous granuloma annulare mimicking dermatomyositis
Authors: Maoz Karin , Greenberger Shoshana , Maly Alexander , Merims Sharon , Tirosh Irit , Barzilai Aviv , Molho‐Pessach Vered
Published: April 2020

We present three children who presented with papules and plaques over the knuckles, mimicking Gottron's papules of juvenile dermatomyositis, as well as subcutaneous nodules over the joints of the extremities that were initially thought to represent calcinosis cutis. However, thorough clinical and laboratory evaluation, as well as imaging, failed to support this diagnosis. Skin biopsies were consistent with a diagnosis of subcutaneous granuloma annulare. This unique phenotype of granuloma annulare should be recognized in order to prevent erroneous diagnosis and treatment.
The relationship between belief and credence
Authors: Jackson Elizabeth G.
Published: April 2020

Sometimes epistemologists theorize aboutbelief, a tripartite attitude on which one can believe, withhold belief, or disbelieve a proposition. In other cases, epistemologists theorize aboutcredence, a fine‐grained attitude that represents one's subjective probability or confidence level toward a proposition. How do these two attitudes relate to each other? This article explores the relationship between belief and credence in two categories: descriptive and normative. It then explains the broader significance of the belief‐credence connection and concludes with general lessons from the debate thus far. Video Abstract link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3eOSlPVYxI8&feature=youtu.be
Non‐intubated electromagnetic‐guided localization and resection of small indeterminate peripheral pulmonary nodules – Reply
Authors: Oki Masahide , Fielding David
Published: April 2020

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Towards a socially situated rumouring: Historical and critical perspectives of rumour transmission
Authors: Pelletier Petra , Drozda‐Senkowska Ewa
Published: April 2020

Rumours are an ubiquitous feature of people's social life and one of the oldest topics in social psychology. Rumours, which tend to spread during crisis situations, allow people to mitigate unpleasant feelings and construct a meaning of the surrounding world. Rumour transmission has been associated with a number of specific individual (e.g., anxiety, personal involvement) and situational (e.g., ambiguity, uncertainty) characteristics and studied with the serial reproduction paradigm (Allport & Postman, 1947) in laboratory settings. The main criticism of rumour research has been its focus on primarily individual‐level analyses in an attempt to explain a social phenomenon. Furthermore, the classic serial reproduction paradigm tends to omit the essential properties of interpersonal interactions and communication processes. Despite the recent and rapidly growing trend of social network methods in social and behavioural sciences, rumour research could also include a finer analysis of individuals' social characteristics and the related complexity of real‐life communication processes. Therefore, the integration of a socially situated approach to rumour transmission might be especially relevant for rumour research and promising for the study of other social phenomena by extension.
Overproduction of PGR5 enhances the electron sink downstream of photosystem I in a C4 plant, Flaveria bidentis
Authors: Tazoe Youshi , Ishikawa Noriko , Shikanai Toshiharu , Ishiyama Keiki , Takagi Daisuke , Makino Amane , Sato Fumihiko , Endo Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2020

C4 plants can fix CO2 efficiently using CO2‐concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), but they require additional ATP. To supply the additional ATP, C4 plants operate at higher rates of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I (PSI), in which electrons are transferred from ferredoxin to plastoquinone. Recently, it has been reported that the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase‐like complex (NDH) accumulated in the thylakoid membrane in leaves of C4 plants, making it a candidate for the additional synthesis of ATP used in the CCM. In addition, C4 plants have higher levels of PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5 (PGR5) expression, but it has been unknown how PGR5 functions in C4 photosynthesis. In this study, PGR5 was overexpressed in a C4 dicot, Flaveria bidentis. In PGR5‐overproducing (OP) lines, PGR5 levels were 2.3‐ to 3.0‐fold greater compared with wild‐type plants. PGR5‐like PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE 1 (PGRL1), which cooperates with PGR5, increased with PGR5. A spectroscopic analysis indicated that in the PGR5‐OP lines, the acceptor side limitation of PSI was reduced in response to a rapid increase in photon flux density. Although it did not affect CO2 assimilation, the overproduction of PGR5 contributed to an enhanced electron sink downstream of PSI.
Global transcriptome analysis reveals circadian control of splicing events in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Romanowski Andrés , Schlaen Rubén G. , Perez‐Santangelo Soledad , Mancini Estefanía , Yanovsky Marcelo J.
Published: April 2020

The circadian clock of Arabidopsis thaliana controls many physiological and molecular processes, allowing plants to anticipate daily changes in their environment. However, developing a detailed understanding of how oscillations in mRNA levels are connected to oscillations in co/post‐transcriptional processes, such as splicing, has remained a challenge. Here we applied a combined approach using deep transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics tools to identify novel circadian‐regulated genes and splicing events. Using a stringent approach, we identified 300 intron retention, eight exon skipping, 79 alternative 3′ splice site usage, 48 alternative 5′ splice site usage, and 350 multiple (more than one event type) annotated events under circadian regulation. We also found seven and 721 novel alternative exonic and intronic events. Depletion of the circadian‐regulated splicing factor AtSPF30 homologue resulted in the disruption of a subset of clock‐controlled splicing events. Altogether, our global circadian RNA‐seq coupled with an in silico, event‐centred, splicing analysis tool offers a new approach for studying the interplay between the circadian clock and the splicing machinery at a global scale. The identification of many circadian‐regulated splicing events broadens our current understanding of the level of control that the circadian clock has over this co/post‐transcriptional regulatory layer.
Customer priorities for water and wastewater services: a comparative evaluation of three elicitation methods
Authors: Sayles Rebecca , Smith Heather M. , Jeffrey Paul
Published: April 2020

Water service providers are being urged to incorporate customer preferences into their investment plans with the relative merits of different elicitation techniques being exposed to greater scrutiny. Though elicitation can be undertaken with a range of methods, there is little understanding of their comparative performance in terms of being able to generate consistent or commensurable outcomes. This study reports an evaluation of both intra and inter method consistency for three preference elicitation methods. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is used to measure consistency within and between elicitation methods and session transcripts provide additional evidence to support interpretation of the ranking process. Findings exposed low intramethod variation but significant variation in some intermethod comparisons. Discussion focuses on the internal dynamics of each method with conclusions calling for a wider range of methods to be studied so as to improve practitioner confidence in the use of these tools.