bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrosative stress under microaerobic conditions triggers inositol metabolism in Pseudomonas extremaustralis
Authors: Venero Esmeralda C. Solar , Giambartolomei Lucia , Sosa Ezequiel , Fernández do Porto Darío , López Nancy I. , Tribelli Paula M.
Published: May 2024

Bacteria are exposed to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that provoke oxidative and nitrosative stress which can lead to macromolecule damage. Coping with stress conditions involves the adjustment of cellular responses, which helps to address metabolic challenges. In this study, we performed a global transcriptomic analysis of the response of Pseudomonas extremaustralis to nitrosative stress, induced by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a nitric oxide donor, under microaerobic conditions. The analysis revealed the upregulation of genes associated with inositol catabolism; a compound widely distributed in nature whose metabolism in bacteria has aroused interest. The RNAseq data also showed heightened expression of genes involved in essential cellular processes like transcription, translation, amino acid transport and biosynthesis, as well as in stress resistance including iron-dependent superoxide dismutase, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, thioredoxin, and glutathione S-transferase in response to GSNO. Furthermore, GSNO exposure differentially affected the expression of genes encoding nitrosylation target proteins, encompassing metalloproteins and proteins with free cysteine and /or tyrosine residues. Notably, genes associated with iron metabolism, such as pyoverdine synthesis and iron transporter genes, showed activation in the presence of GSNO, likely as response to enhanced protein turnover. Physiological assays demonstrated that P. extremaustralis can utilize inositol proficiently under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions, achieving growth comparable to glucose-supplemented cultures. Moreover, supplementing the culture medium with inositol enhances the stress tolerance of P. extremaustralis against combined oxidative-nitrosative stress. Concordant with the heightened expression of pyoverdine genes under nitrosative stress, elevated pyoverdine production was observed when myo-inositol was added to the culture medium. These findings highlight the influence of nitrosative stress on proteins susceptible to nitrosylation and iron metabolism. Furthermore, the activation of myo-inositol catabolism emerges as a protective mechanism against nitrosative stress, shedding light on this pathway in bacterial systems, and holding significance in the adaptation to unfavorable conditions.
A model-based cost-utility analysis of an automated notification system for deteriorating patients on general wards
Authors: Holmes Emily , Lloyd Williams Huw , Hughes Dyfrig , Naujokat Elke , Duller Bernd , Subbe Christian P.
Published: May 2024

Background

Delayed response to clinical deterioration of hospital inpatients is common. Deployment of an electronic automated advisory vital signs monitoring and notification system to signal clinical deterioration is associated with significant improvements in clinical outcomes but there is no evidence on the cost-effectiveness compared with routine monitoring, in the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods

A decision analytic model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of an electronic automated advisory notification system versus standard care, in adults admitted to a district general hospital. Analyses considered: (1) the cost-effectiveness of the technology based on secondary analysis of patient level data of 3787 inpatients in a before-and-after study; and (2) the cost-utility (cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY)) over a lifetime horizon, extrapolated using published data. Analysis was conducted from the perspective of the NHS. Uncertainty in the model was assessed using a range of sensitivity analyses.

Results

The study population had a mean age of 68 years, 48% male, with a median inpatient stay of 6 days. Expected life expectancy at discharge was assumed to be 17.74 years.

(1) Cost-effectiveness analysis: The automated notification system was more effective (-0.027 reduction in mean events per patient) and provided a cost saving of -£12.17 (-182.07 to 154.80) per patient admission.

(2) Cost-utility analysis: Over a lifetime horizon the automated notification system was dominant, demonstrating a positive incremental QALY gain (0.0287 QALYs, equivalent to ~10 days of perfect health) and a cost saving of £55.35. At a threshold of £20,000 per QALY, the probability of automated monitoring being cost-effective in the NHS was 81%. Increased use of cableless sensors may reduce cost-savings, however, the intervention remains cost-effective at 100% usage (ICER: £3,107/QALY). Stratified cost-effectiveness analysis by age, National Early Warning Score (NEWS) on admission, and primary diagnosis indicated the automated notification system was cost-effective for most strategies and that use representative of the patient population studied was the most cost-saving strategy.

Conclusion

Automated notification system for adult patients admitted to general wards appears to be a cost-effective use in the NHS; adopting this technology could be good use of scarce resources with significance for patient safety.
Effect of the early diastolic blood pressure response to the head-up tilt test on the recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Rhim Guil , Kim Moon Jung
Published: May 2024

Background

Otolith organ acts complementarily with the autonomic nervous system to maintain blood pressure. However, the effect of blood pressure variability in the autonomic nervous system on otolith organ has not yet been determined. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that blood pressure variability in the autonomic nervous system affects the recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), which is the most common disease of the vestibular organs, by using the head-up tilt test (HUTT).

Methods

This study included 432 patients diagnosed with idiopathic BPPV. The follow-up period for all patients was 12 months. Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes and recurrence were analyzed. The HUTT parameters were divided into a group of patients whose average diastolic blood pressure increased in the upright position compared to supine position during the HUTT (DBP1) and a group of patients whose average diastolic blood pressure decreased in the upright position compared to supine position during the HUTT (DBP2). Model selection, general loglinear analysis, and logit loglinear analysis were performed using a hierarchically progressing loglinear analysis.

Results

In summary, the group with increased average diastolic blood pressure (DBP1) showed a higher tendency for BPPV recurrence compared to the group with decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP2) in the upright position during the HUTT, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.080). However, in males, the DBP1 group demonstrated a significantly higher recurrence rate of BPPV than the DBP2 group during the HUTT (95% CI, -20.021 to -16.200; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

It is presumed that poor autonomic nervous system response through vestibulosympathetic reflex maintains elevated diastolic blood pressure in the upright position during the HUTT. This variability is assumed to affect the recurrence of BPPV.
Clinical usability study of a home-based self-administration transcranial direct current stimulation for primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rodrigues Yvinna T. , Silva Tatiana C. L. A. , Radytė Emilė , Bernatavičius Ervinas , Cook Alexander A. , Carvalho Maria L. A. S. , Macedo Luiza E. S. , Oliveira Joyce M. P. , Martins Talita D. , Fonseca Maria E. , Micussi Maria T. A. B. C. , Pegado Rodrigo
Published: May 2024

This study tested the usability of a home-based self-administration transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device designed specifically for women’s health needs. This is a single center triple blinded clinical usability study for a new wireless, Bluetooth-controlled wearable tDCS device for women’s health. The study aims to evaluate the usability and effective blinding of a home-based tDCS system. A total of forty-nine women of reproductive age were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive one session of active tDCS (n = 24) or sham tDCS (n = 25) over the motor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Each participant self-administered one 20-minute session without supervision following guidance on a software application alone. The System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) were used to evaluate the usability of the system. Regardless of sham or active conditions, all users found the system easy to use without the support of researchers. Usability scores were considered to be “excellent” in both groups and no significant difference was found between sham and active groups showing effective blinding of the device (Active group: 93.7 (83.1–97.5); Sham group 90 (86.2–95) p = 0.79) and PGIC (Active group: 2 (1–2.75); Sham group 2 (1–2) p = 0.99) using an unpaired t-test or non-parametric statistical tests accordingly. The new Bluetooth-controlled wearable tDCS device is easy, safe to use and completely controlled by a smartphone app. This device is focused on women’s health and will be tested as an alternative treatment for chronic pelvic pain and mood disturbance associated with menstrual cycles in further research.
OFIDA: Object-focused image data augmentation with attention-driven graph convolutional networks
Authors: Zhang Meng , Guo Yina , Wang Haidong , Shangguan Hong
Published: May 2024

Image data augmentation plays a crucial role in data augmentation (DA) by increasing the quantity and diversity of labeled training data. However, existing methods have limitations. Notably, techniques like image manipulation, erasing, and mixing can distort images, compromising data quality. Accurate representation of objects without confusion is a challenge in methods like auto augment and feature augmentation. Preserving fine details and spatial relationships also proves difficult in certain techniques, as seen in deep generative models. To address these limitations, we propose OFIDA, an object-focused image data augmentation algorithm. OFIDA implements one-to-many enhancements that not only preserve essential target regions but also elevate the authenticity of simulating real-world settings and data distributions. Specifically, OFIDA utilizes a graph-based structure and object detection to streamline augmentation. Specifically, by leveraging graph properties like connectivity and hierarchy, it captures object essence and context for improved comprehension in real-world scenarios. Then, we introduce DynamicFocusNet, a novel object detection algorithm built on the graph framework. DynamicFocusNet merges dynamic graph convolutions and attention mechanisms to flexibly adjust receptive fields. Finally, the detected target images are extracted to facilitate one-to-many data augmentation. Experimental results validate the superiority of our OFIDA method over state-of-the-art methods across six benchmark datasets.
Conversion practices in Aotearoa New Zealand: Developing a holistic response to spiritual abuse
Authors: Roguski Michael , Atwool Nicola
Published: May 2024

Research arising from conversion practices, also known as conversion therapy and sexual orientation and gender identity change efforts, has generally been underpinned by an emancipatory discourse that has evolved to counter harmful practices by evidencing associated harms and estimating prevalence. Little attention, however, has focused on what is required to support survivors, inclusive of those currently or those having previously experienced conversion efforts. Within a context of Aotearoa New Zealand having recently criminalised conversion practices, this study adopted an in-depth qualitative research design, informed by a dual adherence to life history and an empowerment methodology. Twenty-three religious conversion practice survivors, who had experienced religious conversion practices across a range of Christian identified faith settings, were interviewed. Participants had a median age of 34 and the majority identified as New Zealand European, cisgender, and gay. Participant narratives were discursively analysed. Three primary discourses were identified that inform the needed development of interventions and supports: 1) pervasive framing of conversion practices as harm, rather than spiritual abuse, has minimised the impacts of conversion practices. Rather, conceptualising conversion as spiritual abuse positions conversion practices as requiring urgent intervention and ongoing support, inclusive of the development of policy and operational responses; 2) the coercive nature of spiritual abuse needs to be appreciated in terms of spiritual, social, and structural entrapment; 3) the metaphor of a pipeline was enlisted to encapsulate the need for a multidimensional array of interventions to ensure those entrapped within spiritual abuse have a “pipeline to safety”. Holistic survivor-centric conversion-related responses to spiritual abuse are required. These need to be informed by an understanding of entrapment and the associated need for holistic responses, inclusive of extraction pathways and support for those entrenched within abusive religious settings, support immediately after leaving abusive environments, and support throughout the survivors’ healing journeys.
The chiropractors’ dilemma in caring for older patients with musculoskeletal complaints: Collaborate, integrate, coexist, or separate?
Authors: Bergström Cecilia , Axén Iben , Field Jonathan , Hartvigsen Jan , van der Marck Monique , Newell Dave , Rubinstein Sidney , de Zoete Annemarie , Persson Margareta
Published: May 2024

The world’s elderly population is growing at a rapid pace. This has led to an increase in demand on the health and welfare systems due to age-related disorders, with musculoskeletal complaints driving the need for rehabilitation services. However, there are concerns about health services’ ability to meet this demand. While chiropractic care is gaining recognition for its benefits in treating older adults with musculoskeletal disorders, there is limited scientific literature on chiropractors’ role and experiences in this area. To bridge this gap, we interviewed 21 chiropractors in Great Britain, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. Inductive qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the interviews, and despite differences in integration and regulation between the countries, several common facilitators and barriers in caring for and managing older patients with musculoskeletal complaints emerged. While participants expressed optimism about future collaborations with other healthcare professionals and the integration of chiropractic into national healthcare systems, they also highlighted significant concerns regarding the existing healthcare infrastructure. The participants also felt that chiropractors, with their non-surgical and holistic approach, were well-positioned to be the primary point of contact for older patients. However, there were some common barriers, such as the affordability of care, limited integration of chiropractic, and the need to prioritise musculoskeletal complaints within public healthcare. Our findings suggest that chiropractors experience their clinical competencies as an underutilised resource in the available healthcare systems and that they could contribute to and potentially reduce the escalating burden of musculoskeletal complaints and associated costs among older patients. Additionally, our findings highlight the desire among the participants to foster collaboration among healthcare professionals and integrate chiropractic into the national public healthcare system. Integrating chiropractors as allied health professionals was also perceived to improve coordinated, patient-centred healthcare for older adults.
Knowledge of female genital schistosomiasis and urinary schistosomiasis among final-year midwifery students in the Volta Region of Ghana
Authors: Azanu Wisdom Klutse , Osarfo Joseph , Appiah Gideon , Godonu Yvonne Sefadzi , Ampofo Gifty Dufie , Orish Verner , Amoh Michael , Agbeno Evans Kofi , Morhe Emmanuel Senanu Komla , Gyapong Margaret
Published: May 2024

Background

Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a gynaecological complication of urinary schistosomiasis (US) with an estimated burden of 20–120 million cases in endemic areas. A neglected sexual and reproductive health disease in sub-Saharan Africa, FGS increases susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections including cervical cancer and infertility among other morbidities. However, there appears to be limited FGS knowledge among practicing and pre-service health providers with implications for control. We assessed FGS awareness among final-year midwifery students who would soon be delivering primary maternal and reproductive health care.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 193 randomly selected final-year students from all three midwifery training institutions in the Volta region of Ghana in August/September, 2022. Data on participants’ demographics and knowledge of the transmission, signs and symptoms, complications, treatment and prevention of both FGS and US were collected using structured questionnaires. Summary statistics were presented as frequencies, proportions and percentages.

Results

Only 23.3% (44/189) of participants had heard about FGS compared to 64% (123/192) for US. Of the former, 42 (95%), 40 (91%) and 36 (81.8%) respectively identified genital itching/burning sensation, bloody vaginal discharge and pelvic pain/pain during intercourse as part of the symptoms of FGS. Less than a third (13/44) and about half (25/44) of those who indicated hearing about FGS knew it can be a risk for ectopic pregnancies and infertility respectively. Majority of these participants, 40 (91%), wrongly selected antibiotics as treatment for FGS while 9 indicated it is prevented by sleeping in insecticide-treated nets.

Conclusion

Awareness of FGS was limited among the study participants. The high prevalence of knowledge of some FGS symptoms related to the genitalia needs cautious interpretation. Health care training institutions must make deliberate efforts to highlight FGS in the training of midwives as the condition has diagnostic and management implications for some sexual and reproductive health conditions.
Agricultural transformation: A story about the Internet of Things
Authors: Cu Tung , Nguyen Tri
Published: May 2024

Precision agriculture, a sustainable solution for enhancing crop productivity, utilizes enabling technologies, primarily centred around the Internet of Things (IoT), to optimize irrigation and increase crop yields by adapting farming techniques to specific conditions. This study presents the adoption of a low-cost and eco-friendly IoT initiative in rural farms in Vietnam, which is an unexpected location. It marks the country’s first IoT start-up for agriculture during the 4.0 Industrial Revolution. To answer three research questions, we conducted a contemporary case study mixed with a couple of field experiments in a real-life context to learn how an IoT application was blended with local culture to transform traditional agriculture to a modern and digitalized industry. The pilot implementation yielded promising results, with positive feedback from farmers. Following necessary modifications, the system has been widely adopted across provinces in Vietnam. The study identified three key factors contributing to the start-up’s success: ‘Thiên thời, Địa lợi, Nhân hòa’. We believe that the start-up can assist millions of local farmers to get on the 4.0 train and that adopting IoT to initiate smart agriculture in Vietnam has sent a strong message ‘To be successful, global technology has to integrate into local culture’.
Are pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin options for application in transplanted onions?
Authors: Bordignon Laura , Amler Dionatan Alan , Dalmas Alysson Dias , Pazinato Ricardo , Schelter Mayra Luiza , Oliveira Neto Antonio Mendes de , Guerra Naiara
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of the herbicides pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin for transplanted onion, which currently do not have registration for this crop in Brazil. The experiment was conducted in two commercial crops in Imbuia and Curitibanos, SC, Brazil, with four replications. The herbicides application was carried out pre-emergence of weeds, after onion transplanting in both experiments. The Imbuia experiment had eight treatments: T1: diuron (D) + pyroxasulfone (PYR) (500 + 50 g ha-1), T2: D + PYR (500 + 75 g ha-1), T3: D + PYR (500 + 100 g ha-1), T4: D + PYR + flumioxazin (FLU) [500 + (60 + 40 g ha-1)], T5: D + PYR + FLU [500 + (75 + 50 g ha-1)], T6: D + PYR + FLU [500 + (90 + 60 g ha-1)], T7: Weed free check, and T8: Control. In Curitibanos, had an additional treatment, with application of diuron (500 g ha-1). Evaluation consisted of identification and weed control, crop phytotoxicity, onion stand, and diameter and yield of bulbs. Pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin, with diuron, were effective in control of Polygonum persicaria, Galinsoga parviflora, and Coronopus didymus, regardless of the dose used. Diuron with pyroxasulfone at a dose of 100 g ha-1 and with pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin (60 + 40, 75 + 50, and 90 + 60 g ha-1) were effective in Raphanus spp. control in boths experiments. The control showed losses in its total yield compared to the weed free check, decreasing by 81,7% in Imbuia and 90,3% in Curitibanos. The herbicides used were selective and are importante tools for weed management in transplanted onion.
Cecal Metastasis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma After Previous Nephrectomy
Authors: Lin Rick Y. , Shen Steve , Donabedian Patrick L. , Kiani Calvin , Kresak Jesse L. , Chatzkel Jonathan A. , Dakhoul Lara
Published: May 2024

Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is exceedingly rare. We present a case of a man in his 40s with a history of RCC that had metastasized to his abdominal wall and brain who then presented with abdominal pain and melena. On presentation, imaging showed new bone metastases and a colonic mass in the ascending colon. The biopsy of the mass from colonoscopy demonstrated RCC primary. Although rare, this case report highlights the importance of a thorough evaluation of patients with a history of RCC and considers GI tract involvement in those presenting with GI bleeding.
Building Institution
Authors: Förster Kim
Published: May 2024

»Building Institution« chronicles the expansion of architecture as a profession and discipline in the postmodern era. Kim Förster traces the compelling history of the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies, which was active in New York from 1967 to 1985. Drawing on extensive archival research and oral histories, he constructs a collective biography that details the Institute's diverse roles and the dynamic interplay between research and design, education, culture, and publishing. By exploring the transformation of cultural production into a practice as well as the culturalization and global postmodernization of architecture, the volume contributes significantly to the institutional history of architecture.
Geleitwort
Authors: Strohmeier Gerd
Published: May 2024

Gerd Strohmeier reflektiert in seinem Geleitwort zum Band »Brennpunkte der ,neuen' Rechten« über die Rolle der TU Chemnitz, gerade in Zeiten gesellschaftlicher Polarisierung und dem Aufstieg rechtsextremer Parteien. Ausgehend von der Feststellung, dass zu diesen Themen eine Universität zwangsläufig immer politisch agiere (auch durch Schweigen und Diskursenthaltung), plädiert Strohmeier für eine Positionierung für die Werte der freiheitlich demokratischen Grundordnung.
Vom Netz auf die Straße
Authors: Rippl Susanne
Published: May 2024

Susanne Rippl befasst sich in dem Beitrag mit der Rolle sozialer Medien in rechten Bewegungen. Die Modernisierung des Rechtsextremismus ist unter anderem dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass rechte Akteure soziale Medien sehr gezielt einsetzen, um ihre Themen zu platzieren, Diskurse zu verschieben und die Bevölkerung zu mobilisieren. Der »Erfolg« der Kleinstpartei die »Freien Sachsen« ist hierfür ein gutes Beispiel. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Blick auf die Social Media Aktivitäten der Kleinstpartei »Freie Sachsen« geworfen, dabei werden beispielhaft die Corona-Proteste in den Fokus genommen, um die Medienstrategien nachzuzeichnen und in den Kontext der strategischen Nutzung neuer sozialer Medien durch rechte Akteure einzuordnen.
Neue und alte Rechte in Chemnitz
Authors: Grunert Johannes , Kiess Johannes
Published: May 2024

Chemnitz offenbarte sich spätestens mit den Aufmärschen 2018 als Mittelpunkt eines überregionalen Netzwerks der extremen Rechten. Zunächst mag die Stadt austauschbar wirken, schließlich waren viele Teilnehmende von außerhalb angereist. Diese Sichtweise übersieht aber jahrzehntelange Kontinuitäten. Ausgangspunkt unserer Analyse ist zum einen die Frage nach dem Verhältnis von »alter« und »Neuer« Rechte. In Chemnitz sind (jedenfalls: relativ) neue Strategien und ein »modernes« Auftreten extrem rechter Akteure zu beobachten. Zum anderen ist unsere Analyse eingebettet in den internationalen Forschungsstand, der die Agilisierung, Hybridisierung und zunehmende Bewegungsorientierung der extremen Rechten betont.
Antike im Kulturkrieg
Authors: Görne Frank , Nebelin Katarina , Nebelin Marian
Published: May 2024

Frank Görne, Katarina Nebelin und Marian Nebelin untersuchen in ihrem Beitrag die Antikerezeption der »neuen« Rechte in Frankreich, im deutschsprachigen Raum und in den USA. Trotz der Unterschiede zwischen diesen »neu«-rechten Gruppierungen lassen sich Ähnlichkeiten zwischen ihren Bezugnahmen auf die griechisch-römische Antike feststellen. Vertreter:innen der »neuen« Rechte versuchen, ihr Handeln über historische Bezüge und die vermeintliche »Rückbesinnung« auf Werte und Tugenden vergangener Epochen und Kulturen zu legitimieren. Immer wieder beziehen sie sich dabei auf die Antike. Diese wird selektiv zur Schaffung von Ursprungserzählungen rezipiert, wobei eine politische Deutungsperspektive dominiert, die mehr durch populärkulturelle Vorstellungen als durch wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse fundiert ist.
No Feierabend after Fieldwork?
Authors: Dürr Eveline , Heidemann Frank
Published: May 2024

In this essay, the authors reflect on the (im)possibility of "Feierabend" and leisure time in their early fieldwork experiences as postdocs in the 1990s. What prevented them from "withdrawing" from fieldwork, they argue, was related to their positionalities as "other" or "different" in their specific fieldwork sites in rural Mexico and India, respectively. While Eveline Dürr dealt with the sensation of standing out and being observed while conducting fieldwork, Frank Heidemann could hardly escape close companionship and social embeddedness during his research. In conclusion, the authors point to the relationality of "self" and "other" in fieldwork situations. A positive tension arises from this dialectical relationship, in which the possibilities of "Feierabend" disappear.
3 Between communities and identities
Authors: Abidi Sophia
Published: May 2024

In this article, Sophia Abidi maps out an exhaustive list of cultural areas of Berlin and the different clubbing scenes and nightlife subcultures it generates. Through insightful ethnographic fieldwork of her PhD thesis project and qualitative interviews with young people participating in the scene collected through her research, she reflects on the place of leisure-focused lifestyles within the composition of sub-communities. This project also refers to analysing the hedonistic behaviours within Berlin's prominent techno and queer scene and its correlation with social and cultural identities. By studying different parties and venues, this paper analyses the diversity available in fashion, types of drugs, the genre of music or social interactions. It examines the impact of a subculture and its characteristics on a multifaceted nightlife. This paper aims to relate the importance of Berlin's nightlife as a strategic cultural hub, allowing space for young people to be actors in the techno and queer scene to explore their individual and collective identities. It brings a better understanding of the fluidity and diversity of the leisure-life-related events and places in Berlin and helps evaluate the limits these scenes generate.
Cosplaying Agency
Authors: Klengel Robin , Müllner Leonhard , Stumpf Michael
Published: May 2024

In diesem Text diskutieren Robin Klengel, Michael Stumpf und Leonhard Müllner über die in der physischen uneingelöste und der digitalen Welt scheinbar eingelöste Erfahrung von Handlungsfähigkeit. Insbesondere gegenwärtige hypermaskuline Späheren wie Videospiele gelten als Kraftkammern der Meritokratie, in denen Demogagogen wie Steve Bannon nach Wählern fischen. Am Beispiel des Videospiels Tom Clancy's: The Division 2 wird der Sturm des Kapitols mit einer Gegenüberstellung von "Proud Boys" und "True Sons" zweimal erzählt.
»Er muss also gestiftet werden…«
Authors: Halbmayr Alois
Published: May 2024

Der Beitrag stellt verschiedene friedensethische Ansätze aus Geschichte und Gegenwart vor. Er diskutiert insbesondere die Frage, in welcher Weise das Konzept des "gerechten Krieges" heute noch Gültigkeit beanspruchen kann und worin seine Grenzen liegen. Die Debatte hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten hin zum Konzept eines "gerechten Friedens" weiterentwickelt. Der Autor stellt dieses Konzept ausführlich vor, diskutiert seine Vor- und Nachteile. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die Grundprinzipien der Friedensethik angesichts der neuen Kriege nicht widerlegt sind, aber stets einer Anpassung bedürfen. Nicht zuletzt diskutiert der Autor auch den Beitrag der christlichen Kirchen zur Weiterentwicklung des friedensethischen Denkens und Engagements.
Der zweite Lungenflügel?
Authors: Elsner Regina
Published: May 2024

Regina Elsner zeichnet in ihrem Beitrag nach, wie die enge Verbindung von Religion und Politik im orthodoxen Osteuropa schließlich zu einer kirchlichen Legitimierung des russischen Angriffskrieges auf die Ukraine geführt hat. Ein Verständnis für die schrittweise Militarisierung der Russischen Orthodoxen Kirche erscheint für die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung im europäischen Raum wichtig. Der genauerer Blick auf die Ukraine und auf Belarus kann dabei helfen, den orthodoxen Raum Osteuropa in der Ökumene und der Friedensethik von der russischen Vereinnahmung zu entkolonialisieren und einen differenzierten Zugang zur Orthodoxie als "zweitem Lungenflügel" des europäischen Christentums zu finden.
Topic Modeling am Beispiel von Franz Kafka
Authors: Kraft Laura
Published: May 2024

Laura Kraft erörtert die Chancen und Grenzen des Topic Modeling für die Bearbeitung literaturwissenschaftlicher Fragestellungen - am Beispiel von Franz Kafka als Zeitungsleser während des Ersten Weltkriegs. Als Methode der quantitativen Bedeutungsanalyse macht Topic Modeling latente semantische Strukturen sichtbar, die eine Einzeltextanalyse bisher nicht erreichen konnte. Anhand der Fokussierung auf die Aspekte Preprocessing, Korpus-Kenntnis und Code-Kompetenz erläutert sie die Voraussetzungen für einen erfolgreichen Einsatz von Topic Modeling, um eine literaturwissenschaftliche Fragestellung im Rahmen einer hermeneutischen Betrachtung angemessen bearbeiten zu können. Der Beitrag zeigt, warum es interessant sein kann, mit Hilfe eines Algorithmus bei Franz Kafka 'zwischen den Zeilen' zu lesen.
Die Kunst im Zeitalter der künstlichen Intelligenz
Authors: Stevanovic Denis
Published: May 2024

Modelle künstlicher Intelligenz generieren Texte, Bilder, Musik und weitere Formen, die gemeinhin als Kunst aufgefasst werden können. Walter Benjamin hat einst die Frage nach dem Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit gestellt. Aufbauend auf Benjamins Ideen untersucht diese Studie die Natur von KI-generierten Kunstwerken und deren Position im Bereich der künstlerischen Produktion. Indem sie die einzigartigen Eigenschaften von KI-Kreationen berücksichtigt, wie ihre algorithmischen Ursprünge, maschinelles Lernen und das Zusammenspiel zwischen menschlicher Kreativität und computergestützten Systemen, zielen diese Überlegungen darauf ab zu bewerten, ob KI-generierte Werke als legitime Formen künstlerischen Ausdrucks betrachtet werden können.
Canon, Gender, Power
Authors: Schnettler Paulina Andrade
Published: May 2024

Paulina Andrade Schnettler explores in this essay what Vera, Sánchez and Mora describe as a "patriarchal musical institutionality" (2020, p. 61), emerged in Chile between the late 1920s and the 1940s. In response to this scenario, Chilean women composers resorted to what I understand as different mechanisms and strategies of authorship and self-representation. These strategies do not reveal a decided intention to enter the Chilean canon or to take part in its construction, but rather to leave a record of one's own creation and one's authorial identity by alternative means, several of them emerged through musical writing itself.
Inklusion und Übergänge im Lebenslauf
Authors: Walther Andreas
Published: May 2024

Als institutionenbezogene Programmatik der Her- und Sicherstellung von Teilhabe verweist Inklusion auf ein prozessuales Verständnis von Teilhabe, die insbesondere an Übergängen im Lebenslauf auf dem Prüfstand steht. Übergänge erscheinen als folgenreiche Momente im Lebenslauf, in denen mittels der Inklusion in neue soziale Positionen Teilhabe jeweils aktualisiert und neu ausgehandelt wird. Das Verständnis von Übergängen als Prozess impliziert gleichzeitig eine Vorstellung von Übergängen als soziale Praktiken der Unterscheidung und Grenzziehung: zeitlich nach Lebensaltern, räumlich nach lebensaltersspezifischen Orten und sozialstrukturell nach Statuspositionen bzw. von sozialen Praktiken der Herstellung von Teilhabe im Lebensverlauf. Das Verhältnis von Inklusion und Teilhabe aus einer Übergangs- und Lebenslaufperspektive in den Blick zu nehmen, bedeutet, dass Teilhabe kein bedingungsloses Gesamtpaket, sondern von Grenzen und deren Überschreitung durchzogen ist und dass jeder Übergang zu einer neuen Teilhabeposition potentiell auch Exklusion impliziert. Dabei sind an Übergängen meist mehrere, quer zueinander liegende Unterscheidungen und Grenzen aufgerufen, die zu Inklusion in ungleiche Teilhabepositionen führen. Ziel des Beitrags ist das Verhältnis zwischen Inklusion und Teilhabe systematisch als Sequenz von Teilhabepositionen bzw. als Sequenz von Übergängen in neue Teilhabepositionen im Lebenslauf in den Blick zu nehmen. Dies beinhaltet auch die Frage nach dem historischen Wandel dieser Ordnung und danach, ob sich der bildungspolitische Inklusionsdiskurs nur zufällig zeitgleich zum wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Umbau entspinnt oder ob sich darin ein Wandel der Herstellung von Teilhabe ausdrückt. Exemplarisch wird dabei auf Übergänge im Jugendalter Bezug genommen, das durch eine besonders hohe Taktung und Verdichtung unterschiedlicher Übergänge strukturiert ist.
Competing Climate Cultures in Germany
Authors: Kessler Sarah
Published: May 2024

Despite frequent protests and abounding discussions about the subject, climate action measures to counter human-made climate change have so far remained largely ineffective. By identifying profound climate-cultural differences, Sarah Kessler offers an explanation to this issue and shows that conventional assumptions of an implicit consensus on the need to prioritise climate action should be reconsidered. She uncovers climate-cultural variations in (implicit and explicit) denial of climate change and thus challenges existing approaches that treat the German public as a unified entity waiting to be activated by the right kind of rationally convincing information.
Bühne und Möglichkeitsraum
Authors: Kretschmer Lukas
Published: May 2024

»Es könnte alles auch ganz anders sein.« Vom Entwurf und Konzept bis zur Realisierung eines Bühnenbildes ergeben sich unterschiedliche Modellierungen von Möglichkeiten. Lukas Kretschmer dokumentiert den bühnenbildnerischen Entwurfsprozess zu Franz Lehárs Operette »Das Land des Lächelns« am Aalto-Theater Essen (2019), umgesetzt als künstlerische Forschung. Dabei ist der konkrete Bühnenraum des Theaters sowohl als Entscheidungsraum wie auch - zusammen mit dem Bühnenbildentwurf - als Teil eines Möglichkeitsraums zentrales Element der künstlerisch-forschenden Praxis. Am Beispiel des explorativen Einzelfalls wird deutlich, wie ein solcher Möglichkeitsraum als Ausdruck von Konzept und Wahrnehmung entwickelt und erfahren werden kann.
Kultur fürs Wohnzimmer - Umgangsstrategien jüdischer Museen in Deutschland und der Schweiz mit der Corona-Krise
Authors: Pisetzki Darja Alexandra
Published: May 2024

Darja Alexandra Pisetzki richtet in »Kultur fürs Wohnzimmer - Umgangsstrategien Jüdischer Museen in Deutschland und der Schweiz mit der Coronakrise« ihren Blick auf den öffentlichen Raum des Museums und dessen Adaption an die Lockdowns der Covid 19-Pandemie. So verlagerten einige jüdische Museen im Zuge des europaweiten Lockdowns ihre Vermittlungsarbeit auf Online-Plattformen und Social Media, um auch weiterhin ein möglichst breites Publikum zu erreichen. Dabei sind Online-Projekte entstanden, die speziell die jüdische Erfahrung und Perspektive auf die Corona-Krise widerspiegeln.
Schreibtische in der Krise. Social-Media-Postings aus dem #Homeoffice als visueller Kommentar zum Corona-Lockdown
Authors: Kulbe Nadine
Published: May 2024

Nadine Kulbe widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag den mit Beginn des deutschen Corona-Lockdowns im März 2020 in den Sozialen Medien geposteten Fotografien aus dem Homeoffice. Versehen mit kommentierendem Text und Hashtags wurde eine neue Arbeitssituation kommuniziert und damit auch auf die Notwendigkeit sozialer Distanzierung reagiert, um die Ausbreitung des Virus verlangsamen. Postings bei Instagram, Twitter oder Facebook gaben Einblicke in gegenwärtige individuelle Alltage, ihre Besonderheiten und Herausforderungen, Vorteile und Annehmlichkeiten. Sie rückten aber auch die oft gleichen, meist vertrauten und erwartbaren, oft aber auch überraschenden Objekte in den Mittelpunkt.
»Loads of love to all the Roadburn family«. Gemeinschaftsbildung auf einem virtuellen Festival während der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Möller Lena
Published: May 2024

Lena Möller nimmt in ihrem kulturwissenschaftlichen Beitrag aus dem Bereich der Populärkulturforschung das niederländische "Roadburn Festival" als virtuellen Treffpunkt während der Covid-19-Pandemie in den Blick. Auf Basis einer internetethnographischen Erhebung kommt es zum Nachvollzug, wie Fans und Veranstalter:innen ein Festival in einer Facebook-Gruppe ins Leben rufen und dabei gemeinsam einen virtuellen Raum ausgestalten.
»Pflegehelden« - »Stille Helden« - »Engel«. Zur medialen Darstellung von Pflege während der ersten Welle der Covid-19-Pandemie in Deutschland
Authors: Nolte Karen , Hasseler Martina
Published: May 2024

Während der Krise in der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde der Pflegeberuf als systemrelevant dargestellt und der unermüdliche Einsatz von Pflegefachkräften in der Intensivpflege, in der stationären und ambulanten Versorgung von COVID-19-Patient*innen und älterer Menschen von Teilen der deutschen Bevölkerung auf den Balkonen beklatscht. Der Mangel an Pflegefachkräften wurde zwar zur Kenntnis genommen, die Versorgung der Patient*innen und Bewohner*innen von Pflegeeinrichtungen jedoch für ausreichend erklärt. Mediale Darstellungen, (Selbst-)Wahrnehmungen von Pflegenden in der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie werden pflegehistorisch fundiert und pflegewissenschaftlich analysiert, welche aktuellen Entwicklungen des Pflegeberufs zur Darstellung, zum Selbstverständnis von Pflegenden während der COVID-19 Pandemie beitrugen.
Kunst im Dienst politischer Propaganda? Zum Umgang mit ›Corona-Held:innen‹ in der chinesischen Popkultur
Authors: Bogen Cornelia
Published: May 2024

Cornelia Bogen widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, welche Anlässe zur Herausbildung von Gegenöffentlichkeiten im autokratischen Mediensystem Chinas führen. Eine explorative Analyse von 250 künstlerischen Darstellungen und die Rekonstruktion eines weitgehend zensierten und somit 'illegalen' (Bild-)Diskurses beleuchtet die Narrative und die Rolle der Popkultur für den Umgang der chinesischen Gesellschaft mit der Covid-19-Epidemie. Zwar provoziert die in der staatlichen Propaganda kultivierte Heroisierung des medizinischen Personals bloggende Bürger und Künstler*innen in sozialen Netzwerken, gesellschaftliche Schieflagen (hier: Medienzensur; Patriarchat) zu thematisieren. Gleichzeitig wird aufgezeigt, wie die staatliche Führung diese Auseinandersetzung zensiert, um sie aus dem kollektiven und virtuellen Gedächtnis zu entfernen.
Historische Pandemien in populären digitalen Spielen. Die Spanische Grippe in Vampyr
Authors: Engst Ulli
Published: May 2024

Ulli Engst analysiert in seinem Beitrag die Darstellung der Spanischen Grippe im digitalen Horrorspiel Vampyr (2018). Dieses Spiel stellt eines der wenigen Beispiele aus der (aktuellen) Populärkultur dar, in denen die Spanische Grippe von 1918/20 thematisiert wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Darstellung dieser historischen Pandemie und beschreibt, wie sie auf mehreren Ebenen des digitalen Spiels in Erscheinung tritt, zugleich aber auch verfremdet wird. Er identifiziert die Krankheitsdarstellung sowohl spielmechanisch als auch narrativ als funktionale Störung.
Moderne Mannsbilder
Authors: Wieland Klaus
Published: May 2024

Die »Krise der Männlichkeit« war im frühen 20. Jahrhundert ein vieldiskutiertes Thema - aber handelt es sich wirklich um eine Krise? Klaus Wieland analysiert erstmals systematisch die soziokulturelle Konstruktion und Pluralisierung von Männlichkeit in der deutschen Erzählliteratur der Frühen Moderne. Er zeigt, dass Männlichkeit dort in einem Maße pluralisiert wurde, wie es in der Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts noch nicht der Fall war: Neue Männerbilder entstanden, alte wurden transformiert und modernisiert. Dabei kann von einer Krise der hegemonialen Männlichkeit keine Rede sein, sehr wohl aber von einer Flexibilisierung, die ein expandiertes Normalitätsspektrum entstehen ließ, das auch alternative Maskulinitäten inkludiert.
Neu gesehen, neu gelesen?
Authors: Hochkirchen Britta
Published: May 2024

Literatur wird in der Öffentlichkeit nicht nur lesend, sondern auch in Form von Ausstellungen rezipiert. Der Beitrag untersucht die Rolle und die verschiedenen Modi von Praktiken des Vergleichens, die in Objektkonstellationen einer Ausstellung angelegt sein können. Anhand der konkreten Betrachtung exemplarischer Situationen der Weimarer Ausstellung Lebensfluten - Tatensturm soll verdeutlicht werden, wie durch die Setzung unterschiedlicher comparata und tertia das Verständnis von Literatur jeweils neu hervorgebracht und bestimmt wird. Damit steht auch die Frage nach den unterschiedlich gewichteten Rezeptionspraktiken von bildlichem Sehen oder Lesen in den jeweiligen Ausstellungssituationen im Fokus der Untersuchung.
Laboratory indicators of hemostasis, lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction in men aged 18–50 years with different subtypes of ischemic stroke
Authors: Pizov N. A. , Baranova N. S.
Published: May 2024

Objective: to evaluate laboratory parameters of hemostasis, lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction and their relationship in men aged 18–50 years with atherothrombotic (ATS), lacunar (LS) and cardioembolic (CES) stroke. Material and methods. The study included 89 men with ATS (n=36), LS (n=34) and CES (n=19). Neuroimaging, ultrasound and laboratory blood serum analyses were performed in all patients. Results. The mean age of the patients was 42.6±5.3 years. The main risk factors for ATS, LS and CES included: arterial hypertension (75; 97.8 and 73.7% of cases, respectively), dyslipidemia (60; 41.3 and 42.1%), tobacco smoking (71.7; 67.4 and 52.6%), regular alcohol consumption (35; 19.6 and 36.8%), obesity (23.3; 8.7 and 15.8 %), diabetes mellitus (8.3; 6.5 and 10.5 %). Lower tissue plasminogen activator levels were found in patients with CES (2.66±1.77 ng/ml) compared to patients with LS (3.38±3.0 ng/ml) and ATS (3.48±2.45 ng/ml). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels were significantly increased in all stroke subtypes. The mean level of soluble thrombomodulin was highest in patients with LS (100.86±58.22 pg/ml) compared to patients with ATS (96.37±85.71 pg/ml) and CES (75.28±39.36 pg/ml). The level of asymmetric dimethylarginine was higher in patients with ATS (1.46±0.42 μmol/l) and in patients with LS (0.79±0.37 μmol/l), and in patients with CES (0.4±0.13 μmol/l) it was within the reference values. Conclusion. We noted differences in laboratory parameters of the hemostasis, lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction in men aged 18–50 years with different stroke subtypes (ATS, LS and CES), as well as clinical and laboratory correlations.
Refractory migraine
Authors: Tabeeva G. R. , Kosivtsova O. V. , Kovalchuk N. A. , Orlyuk T. A.
Published: May 2024

Many patients with chronic migraine abuse symptomatic medications, have drug-induced headaches, psychiatric comorbidities and respond poorly to conventional preventive therapy. In these cases, the terms “resistant” and “refractory migraine” are used and an expanded therapeutic armamentarium is recommended. Currently, the use of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide is the best-studied and most effective method of preventive therapy in resistant migraine cases.
Selection of NSAIDs for rational pharmacotherapy of chronic musculoskeletal pain: a clinical pharmacologist's perspective
Authors: Butranova O. I. , Zyryanov S. K.
Published: May 2024

Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSP) is one of the most common pathological conditions that limits patients' physical activity and reduces their quality of life. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) make them the basis of pharmacotherapy for patients with chronic conditions affecting various parts of the musculoskeletal system. The main target of NSAIDs, cyclooxygenase (COX), exists in the form of two main isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, the inhibition of each of which leads to a cascade of reactions at the cellular and tissue level that can cause both targeted pharmacological effects and side effects. The diversity of the chemical structures of NSAIDs leads to differences in their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters and correspondingly to differences in their efficacy and safety profile. Selective COX-2 inhibitors, coxibs, have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular side effects, which has led to significant restrictions on their use. Cardiotoxicity is not as pronounced with the non-selective COX inhibitors, but the range of their side effects is extremely wide. These side effects are dose-dependent and are characteristic, first of all, of systemic NSAIDs.The combination of systemic and topical NSAIDs makes it possible to reduce the dose of the former and improve the safety profile of anti-inflammatory therapy. Among the non-selective COX inhibitors with a satisfactory safety profile and high anti-inflammatory activity, the group of oxicams and especially tenoxicam should be emphasised, which are characterised by a maximum duration of action, which is an advantage in the treatment of patients with CMSP. This review addresses the issues of rational selection of NSAIDs based on comparative data on pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and clinical trial results.