bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In situ observation of coalescence of nuclei in colloidal crystal-crystal transitions
Authors: Peng Yi , Li Wei , Still Tim , Yodh Arjun , Han Yilong
Published: March 2023

Coalescence of nuclei in phase transitions significantly influences the transition rate and the properties of product materials, but these processes occur rapidly and are difficult to observe at the microscopic scale. Here, we directly image the coalescence of nuclei with single particle resolution during the crystal-crystal transition from a multilayer square to triangular lattices. The coalescence process exhibits three similar stages across a variety of scenarios: coupled growth of two nuclei, their attachment, and relaxation of the coalesced nucleus. The kinetics vary with nucleus size, interface, and lattice orientation; the kinetics include acceleration of nucleus growth, small nucleus liquefaction, and generation/annihilation of defects. Related mechanisms, such as strain induced by nucleus growth and the lower energy of liquid-crystal versus crystal-crystal interfaces, appear to be common to both atomic and colloidal crystals.
Long-distance migration and venting of methane after marine hydrate dissociation
Authors: Davies Richard , Yang Jinxui , Ireland Mark , Berndt Christian , Huuse Mads , Morales-Maqueda Miguel
Published: March 2023

Marine methane hydrate dissociation has been proposed as a mechanism for past global carbon cycle perturbations and could exacerbate climate change. Modulation of methane venting by bottom water temperature changes has been documented at the landward limit of marine hydrate around continental margins, where vulnerable hydrate exists at or below the seabed. However, in this setting the amount of methane that is climate-sensitive is relatively small as it hosts only ~ 3.5% of the global hydrate reservoir. Here, we show that methane that dissociates from the base of the hydrate stability zone can migrate landward over significant distances from the deepest parts of the continental slope to the shelf break and beyond the landward limit of marine hydrate. We demonstrate this using three-dimensional seismic imaging of the hydrate dissociation zone offshore Mauritania where dissociated methane was channeled at least 40 km and vented through a field of twenty-three giant pockmarks at the shelf break probably during Quaternary interglacials. This shows the ~ 96.5% of methane bound in hydrates further down the slope needs to be considered for estimating climate change-induced methane release during a warming world.
Biomechanical Comparison Of Diffirent Framework Materials In Mandibular Overdenture Prosthesis Supported With Implants Of Different Sizes: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: S Elifnur Güzelce
Published: March 2023

Backgrounds:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the stresses on the supporting bone, implants, and framework materials under masticatory forces in mandibular overdenture prostheses modeled with different framework materials and different implant types, using the finite element analysis (FEA).

Methods:

For the finite element modeling, two identical mandibular jaw models were created, one with two standard (diameter:4.1 mm/12mm length) and the other two mini-implants (diameter:2.4 mm/12mm length) placed in the canine teeth region. The PMMA denture was modeled on them, supported by Cobalt Chromium alloy (CoCr), Poly-ether ether ketone (PEEK), and Zantex materials with framework. No framework was added as a control model; only Polymethilmetacrilate (PMMA) overdenture prosthesis was modeled.

Results:

Regardless of the framework materials of the overdenture prostheses, the stress values on mini-implants in all models yielded approximately two times higher results compared to standard implants. More stress transmission was observed in the support bone and implants in PMMA prostheses and overdenture prostheses supported with PEEK, Zantex, CoCr alloy frameworks, respectively. In the framework materials, more stress occurred on CoCr, Zantex, PEEK in that order.

Conclusion:

In light of this study, the use of mini-implants as an alternative to standard implants is not promising in terms of distribution and transmission of chewing stresses. As an framework material, standard rigid metal alloys were found to be more advantageous than polymer materials in terms of stress distribution.
What do we know about the epidemiology and the management of human echinococcosis in Albania?
Authors: Luga Poleta , Gjata Arben , Akshija Ilir , Mino Ledina , Gjoni Valbona , Pilaca Arben , Zobi Michael , Martinez Gabriela Equihua , Richter Joachim
Published: March 2023

Echinococcosis is a life-threatening neglected zoonotic disease. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) due to Echinococcus (E.) granulosus usually involves livestock and dogs, alveolar echinococcosis (AE) due to E. multilocularis involves rodents and canines such as foxes and dogs. Humans hosts are infected accidentally via hand to mouth and/or foodborne/waterborne pathways. Albania is deemed to be endemic for cystic echinococcosis (CE) but there is a scarcity of data to confirm this. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar and in other medical sources. Because of the scarcity of existing information data confirming CE cases were reviewed from the medical hospital records Albania`s largest Hospital, the Mother Teresa University Hospital (UHCMT) Tirana and from a large private laboratory in Tirana (Pegasus laboratory). Only 8 eligible publications on 540 CE patients were found. Further 347 cases hospitalized in UHCMT from 2011 to 2020, 36 laboratory cases and 10 Albanian cases notified in Germany were confirmed. Taking all cases into account and considering 162 overlapping cases, 771 cases are documented from 2005 to 2020. The only AE case reported was most likely a multi-organic CE. The most frequent therapy approach used was surgery (84.7%). Autochthonous human CE seems to be common and transmission is ongoing in Albanian. CE patients undergo surgery more frequently as compared with CE cases in other European countries. To enable the control of echinococcosis in Albania, obligatory notification should be re-established. In CE, stage specific therapy enables to reduce therapy cost and mortality by avoiding surgical overtreatment.
Memory after poor practice is contingent on subsequent experience: behavioral evidence supporting the Synaptic Tagging and Capture hypothesis in motor memory consolidation
Authors: Oren Yaniv , Korman Maria , Karni Avi
Published: March 2023

The Synaptic Tagging and Capture hypothesis (STC), addressing hippocampal-dependent memory, explains how memory for a poor learning experience, one that would soon decay, can be enhanced if temporally paired with a ‘strong’, consolidation-triggering, experience. Only ‘strong’ experiences generate cellular plasticity-related-products necessary for synaptic re-modeling; but synapses engaged in a ‘weak’ learning experience can capture and utilize plasticity-related-products generated for a ‘strong’ learning experience that precedes or follows the ‘weak’ one. Here we show, in young adults (N = 100), that limited practice in performing a novel sequence of finger-to-thumb opposition movements, leads to different long-term outcomes depending on whether and when (5-minutes, 5-hours) it is followed by extensive training on a different sequence. The 5-minute pairing, only, resulted in robust overnight gains for the limited-trained sequence and these gains were well-retained a week later; the overnight gains for the extensive-trained sequence were compromised. These results are in line with the STC notion of a capture of cellular resources necessary for synapse re-modeling, generated for the extensive-trained movement sequence, by task-specific synapses temporally ‘tagged’ during the limited training session. This suggests that the STC can apply to and well explain key phenomena in human behavior related to motor (procedural, non-hippocampus dependent) memory.
A Smart Service Model for Smart City: A Context-Based IoT Enabled Deep Learning Approach for Intelligent Transportation System
Authors: Reddy K Hemant Kumar , Goswami Rajat , Roy D S Roy Sinha
Published: March 2023

Transportation is considered the fundamental pillarof economic growth in any society. Still, inherent issues likeaccidents, higher fuel consumption, and pollution have pavedthe way for the rise of the intelligent transportation system(ITS), which enables safety and improvement in the existingtransportation system. ITS helps the massive collection of datafrom multiple sources, and this big data needs immediate processing for ascertaining the events. However, prediction accuracycontinues to be low because of the trade-off of accuracy with theimmediate detection of an event, and this limits the performanceof ITS. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a novel IoT-enabled distributed context-aware Fog-cloud architecture, whichimproves the prediction accuracy by utilizing a hybrid CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) deep learning (DL) approach.Each vehicle in the system only has a track of the local knowledge.The nearby fog nodes are enabled to know the global eventsthrough incremental federated learning, which gets updatedcontinuously back and forth with fog and cloud. Experimentsdemonstrated in the paper clearly show that the modified versionof VGGNet for the CNN model outperforms RGB images,delivering an accuracy of more than 95%, which is 3% moreaccurate than the LeNet while using RGB images as input
Measuring trends and regimes of rainfall with the use of seasonality patterns in Iran
Authors: Javari Majid
Published: March 2023

The trend and regimes of rainfall considerably are different effects on the bio-environmental process. Therefore; climatic elements changes and changed trends and regimes of rainfall are both makers, with severe changes to bio-environmental conditions. In a more detailed analysis, it is essential to detect both trends and regimes of rainfall, distribution of monthly and annual rainfall, as well as seasonality patterns. Therefore, this study used monthly and annual rainfall series records for 1975–2019 from 140 synoptic stations and satellite data such as geopotential height, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Northern Oscillation Index (NOI), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) to detect the trend and regimes of rainfall in Iran. Statistical analysis with parametric and non-parametric tests for monthly and annual rainfall series was used to detect the rainfall patterns based on selecting the Mann–Kendall test (MK), Sen.’s slope method (SSM), and the t-student test at a 5% significance level. Based on the seasonality index (SI) method to detect the seasonality patterns, we recognized spatial patterns of the regimes of rainfall and trends of rainfall in Iran. Finally, we evaluated the trends and the regimes' patterns of rainfall spatially, the type of trends with decreasing and increasing patterns, and rainfall changes range with spatial statistics models and the temporal distribution. Results show the different slopes from -0.409 to -0.156 mm based on spatial statistics models with the south-north oriented with a total decreasing pattern for rainfall changes. Rainfall patterns show the different patterns temporally (non-trend, decreasing, and increasing) based on stations with different periods in Iran, which may relate this difference to temporal distribution in recorded periods. Based on the seasonality, rainfall regime distribution shows diversity in seasonality in rainfall from an extreme seasonality pattern, mainly in most rainfall in < 3 months pattern, markedly seasonal with a long dry season pattern, mainly seasonal pattern, and extreme seasonality pattern in Iran. Therefore, the results of this study, effects of trends, and rainfall regimes were shown on environmental planning in Iran.
Application of glasses-free 3D in Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) surgery training
Authors: Zheng Ke , Wang Jing , Zhao Wuxiao , Jian Weijun , Han Yinan , Zhou Xingtao
Published: March 2023

Object: To discuss the application and effect evaluation of glasses-free 3D technology in ICL surgery teaching.
Methods: 10 ophthalmologists with no experience in (implantable collamer lens) ICL surgery were selected to randomly watch the videos of 10 cases of ICL surgery on a 2D traditional screen and 10 cases on a glasses-free 3D screen, respectively, and complete the questionnaire on the learning experience after watching. The learning experience includes the incision making process, anterior chamber changes during viscoelastic injection and removal, the lens position judgment after the injection, the adjustment of the lens loop process, the overall three-dimensionality of the surgery, and the situation of dizziness.
Results: The glasses-free 3D group showed better learning experience (P<0.05) in the incision making process, the changes of the anterior chamber during viscoelastic injection and removal, the adjustment of the lens loop, and the stereoscopic effect of the surgical video. During the lens injection process, the glasses-free 3D group could more accurately determine the initial position of the foot loop (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the accuracy between the two groups (P=0.317) on the question of whether the ICL is turned over. Compared with the traditional 2D group, the glasses-free 3D group was more likely to experience dizziness (P<0.001)
Conclusions: The glasses-free 3D display videos are more conducive for ophthalmologists to learn the key steps of ICL surgery, but it is still prone to dizziness.
A Spiking Model of Cell Assemblies: Short Term and Associative Memory
Authors: Huyck Chris
Published: March 2023

Cell Assemblies (CAs) are the neural basis of both long and short termmemories. CAs, whose neurons persistently fire, are active short termmemories while the neurons are firing, and the memory ceases to beactive when the neurons stop firing. This paper provides simulationsof excitatory spiking neurons with small world topologies that persistfor several hundred milliseconds. Extending this model to includeshort term depression allows the CA to persist for several seconds, areasonable psychological duration. These CAs can be combined in asimple associative memory so that when three CAs are associated,ignition of two causes the third to ignite, while pairs ofunassociated CAs do not lead to the ignition of other CAs. Thismechanism has a larger capacity than a Hopfield net. A discussion ofthe current psychological theories, other mechanisms for short termmemory, the strengths and weaknesses of the paper's simulatedmodels, and proposed challenges are also provided.
A Novel Technique for Continuous Blood Pressure Estimation from Optimal Feature Set of PPG Signal Using Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Raju S. M. Taslim Uddin , Dipto Safin Ahmed , Hossain Md Imran , Chowdhury Md. Abu Shahid , Haque Fabliha , Nashrah Ayesha Tun , Nishan Araf , Ahmad Ashfaq , Chowdhury Mostafa Zaman , Hashem M. M. A.
Published: March 2023

Continuous Blood Pressure (BP) provides essential information for monitoring one's health condition. However, BP is currently monitoring using uncomfortable cuff-based devices, which does not support continuous BP monitoring. This paper aims to introduce a blood pressure monitoring algorithm based on only photoplethysmography (PPG) signals using the deep neural network (DNN). The PPG signals are obtained from 219 subjects with 657 records and filtered using signal processing algorithms to reduce the effects of noise, such as baseline wandering, and motion artifacts. The proposed algorithm is based on pulse wave analysis of PPG signals, extracted various domain features from PPG signals, and mapped them to BP values. Four feature selection methods are applied and yielded four feature subsets. Therefore, an ensemble feature selection technique is proposed to obtain the optimal feature set based on major voting scores from four feature subsets. DNN models, along with the ensemble feature selection technique, outperformed in estimating the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared to previously reported approaches that rely only on the PPG signal. The coefficient of determination (R2) and mean absolute error (MAE) of the proposed algorithm are 0.962 and 2.480 mmHg respectively for SBP, 0.955 and 1.499 mmHg respectively for DBP. The proposed approach meets the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation standard for SBP and DBP estimations. Additionally, according to the British Hypertension Society standard, the results attained Grade A for both SBP and DBP estimations. It concludes that BP can be estimated more accurately using the optimal feature set and DNN models. The proposed algorithm has the potential ability to facilitate mobile healthcare devices to monitor continuous BP.
Nitrate Removal from Urban Storm Runoffs by Multi-Filter Process
Authors: Sirouspour Somayeh , Parvinnia Mohammad , Shokrollahi Ardeshir , khalili Reza
Published: March 2023

The ultimate goal of the present study is to design and investigate the bio-geo-filters for nitrate removal from the runoffs. This research uses alternate layers of non-woven geotextile and granular soil to reduce and remove pollution. These layers are of paramount importance in permeability and adsorption capability. Some points have been considered for selecting the materials, including the material capability for pollution removal, their accessibility, and maximal cost-effectiveness. After conducting the permeability tests, the weight mixing ratio of the materials used in permeable reactive barriers (PRB) was considered to be 25% sand, 20% zeolite, 20% iron filings, and 10% poplar wood sawdust. For pH 7, zeolite's maximal nitrate adsorption efficiency is about 69%, sawdust 29%, and iron filings 12%. The investigation of nitrate adsorption through the final prepared PRB for different nitrate concentrations under the optimal pH conditions showed maximal adsorption of about 83% for a nitrate concentration of 150 mg/L. The more the initial nitrate concentration, the more the absorption amount. Moreover, nitrate was removed with equal amounts of absorbent at optimal pH at different times to determine the equilibrium time. The maximal removal of 100% was obtained at an equilibrium time of 96 hours. In the pollution removal test with biomass grown in the filter environment, the filter decreased the nitrate content up to 99% after nine days, i.e., the final nitrate content was reduced from 100 to 1 mg/L.
Is reading for pleasure in adolescence good for mental health? A counterfactual and within-person analysis in a large longitudinal study
Authors: Murray Aja , Errington Patrick , Yang Yi , Mirman Dan , Obsuth Ingrid , Booth Tom , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Reading has been proposed to be a protective factor in mental health; however, testing this is made challenging by the vulnerability of the reading-mental health association to confounding.
Methods: We used two complementary approaches to address this: propensity score matching and random intercepts cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) in a large longitudinal study: the Zurich Project on Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z-proso). For the counterfactual analyses, mental health outcomes of anxiety, depression, and psychosis-like symptoms were measured at ages 17 and 20 and reading engagement was measured at ages 15 and 17. Matching variables included a wide range of factors potentially related to reading and mental health outcomes.
Results: There was no consistent effect of reading for pleasure on anxiety, depression, and psychosis. The only significant effects were detrimental effects of reading on anxiety and psychosis at age 20 when using non-bi-partite matching.
Conclusion: Reading for pleasure without considering content and style of engagement may not be a protective factor in adolescent mental health.
Methodology for Improving the Performance of Demand Forecasting Through Machine Learning
Authors: Yoon Daeyoung , Park Seonyeong , Song Yechan , Chae Jihun , Chung Doohee
Published: March 2023

Accurate demand forecasting is crucial for industries to make strategic decisions and maintain their competitive edge. However, existing demand forecasting methods have prodigious problems, especially when it comes to handling the uncertainty, complexity, and nonlinearity of demand forecasting. In addition, the lack of historical data and data biases can create unreliable sources, which discourages the utilization of demand forecasting at a higher level of implementation in businesses. In addition, lack of historical data and data biases can create unreliable sources, which discourages utilization of demand forecasting at higher level of implementation in businesses. The proposed hybrid model aims to improve demand forecasting performance by combining the strengths of existing methods such as K-means clustering, LASSO regression, and LSTM deep learning. By leveraging these techniques, the model can overcome the limitations of each method and improve the accuracy of demand forecasting in various industries. K-means clustering helps to group similar data points, LASSO regression helps to select the most relevant features, and LSTM deep learning helps to capture the temporal dependencies in the data. The combination of these techniques can result in a more accurate and robust demand forecasting model. The model was tested on 2,548 retail products, and outperformed three benchmarking models using the mMAPE, RMSE, and MAE indicators. The proposed model can be used in the retail industry to improve management performance and decision-making, and its ability to optimize variables for each cluster can improve resource allocation.
Psychosocial Distress and Quality of Life in Patients after Radical Cystectomy – One Year Follow-Up in 842 German Patients
Authors: Bahlburg Henning , Hellmann Tabea , Tully Karl , Butea-Bocu Marius Cristian , Reike Moritz , Roghmann Florian , Noldus Joachim , Müller Guido
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
This study aims to report on psychosocial distress and QoL in bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary diversion to obtain a better basis for patient counseling and postoperative care.
Methods:
The study relied on prospectively collected data for 842 patients, who underwent three weeks of inpatient rehabilitation after RC and creation of an ileal conduit (IC) or ileal neobladder (INB). Data on QoL and psychosocial distress were collected by validated questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify predictors for high psychosocial distress.
Results:
Four-hundred and forty-seven patients (326 male, 121 female) received an IC, while 395 patients (357 male, 38 female) received an INB. Health-related QoL improved steadily in the whole cohort during follow-up. Patients with an INB reported better physical function but suffered more from diarrhea and financial worries. Patients with an IC reported reduced satisfaction with their body image, increased worries about the future, and suffered more from constipation. Psychosocial distress increased significantly during follow-up. One year after surgery, 43.1% of patients suffered from high psychosocial distress. Multivariate regression analysis identified age ≤59 years (OR 1.731; CI 1.056–2.838; p=0.030) and lymph node metastases (OR 2.073; CI 1.133–3.793; p=0.018) as independent predictors for high psychosocial distress.
Conclusion:
QoL improves significantly in all patients one year after RC. However, psychosocial distress remains high in a substantial number of patients.
Explaining population variation after the 2016 Central Italy earthquake using Call Data Records and Twitter
Authors: Hadjidimitriou Natalia Selini , Lippi Marco , Mamei Marco
Published: March 2023

In this work, we analyse mobile phone variation before and after the 2016 Central Italy earthquake in the affected areas, using Twitter and public reconstruction works data. We create three models and show that Twitter data and the related sentiment on the earthquake, as well as the distribution emergency houses, can contribute to explaining population variations. Our final Poisson regression model explains more than 80% of the variance of the population's variation based on the percentage of negative polarity tweets, the number of emergency houses, the number of negative tweets on the earthquake weighted by the number of residents, number of tweets posted on the earthquake anniversary, the distance from the epicentre and several variables related to public reconstruction works (e.g., school, public housing, hydrological disruption, viability). We found that sentiment on the emergency house can be a proxy for population variation because people who live there did not displace from the crater area. The number of tweets posted during the anniversary day can, instead, indicate negative population variation because the higher the number of tweets, the more people can feel nostalgic after having relocated.
Quantification of Lactation Curves for Diagnosis
Authors: Ehrlich J.
Published: March 2023

Milk production over time (the lactation curve) is both a reflection of the health of a lactating cow and the most important economic measure of her performance. MilkBot™ is a tool to quantify both the shape and magnitude of lactation curves in a consistent and repeatable way. These fitted curves, and the parameter values which define them, provide a quantitative measure of essential differences which exist between individual lactations. This paper describes a new tool set available to researchers and bovine practitioners, with a few examples of early applications.
Dairy Worker Training Experiences
Authors: Román-Muñiz Ivette N. , Van Metre David C. , Garry Franklyn B.
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the dairy industry workforce has changed considerably, creating challenges to effective communication, oversight and direction of worker effort. Effective training interventions are necessary to assure that dairy workers have the skills and knowledge to make sound animal health and production related decisions. One approach to this challenge is to formalize a dairy worker training curriculum and offer culturally sensitive training opportunities for Hispanic dairy workers. Training opportunities range from individualized training programs designed to address health and production issues specific to a particular dairy, to centralized training sessions designed to provide basic and general knowledge and skills to employees of multiple dairies. Training methodologies should engage this cultural population into the learning process and address producers' needs regarding topic coverage and preferred delivery methods. Such programs can be popular and successful, based on producer and worker course evaluations.
Is your Worker Training Effective?
Authors: Wenz John R.
Published: March 2023

Significant increases in herd size in the dairy industry have resulted in hired labor providing primary care and management of the cows guided by protocols. Worker training programs have been instituted to provide workers with an understanding of the hows and whys of the protocols they are asked to follow. The ultimate goal of training is to have competent workers carrying out best management practices on the dairy in a manner that promotes the health, well-being and productivity of cows in the herd. This paper describes evaluation of worker training effectiveness that includes assessment of knowledge and skill acquisition, reduction of protocol drift and monitoring of worker behavior and animal health and productivity. Veterinary practitioners have a great opportunity to facilitate worker training sessions and monitoring to provide a complete, effective worker training program to the dairies they serve.
Review of Abomasal Ulcers in Beef Calves
Authors: Marshall Tessa
Published: March 2023

Abomasal ulcers are an economic concern for the calf raising industries. Many factors have been attributed to the development of ulcers, such as coarse feed, environmental stress, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and bacterial infections. However, unlike human ulcers no one factor has been proven to have a significant relationship to abomasal ulcers in calves. Therefore, management of this disease and prevention of losses is limited to theoretical control of many known inciting causes.
Managing Feeder Cattle with Confirmed Lead Exposure
Authors: Checkley S. L. , Jones C. W. , Kendall J. D. , Booker C. W. , Best N. , Jim G. K.
Published: March 2023

A commercial feedlot unknowingly fed lead contaminated feed to a portion of cattle in the feedyard. Due to the lack of data and regulations concerning how to manage the exposed animals, a proactive field study was developed to collect information that would help mitigate food safety and economic losses in this and other similar situations. After conducting an investigation into the scale of lead exposure in the feedlot, cattle found to have elevated blood lead concentrations were enrolled into the study. The objectives of this study were to collect data on blood and tissue lead concentrations over a number of months post-exposure. This information would then be used to describe lead concentrations and correlations in blood and tissues over time. Liver biopsies and diaphragm were also evaluated, and production losses were examined.
Monitoring the Quality of Colostrum and Pasteurized Waste Milk
Authors: Charter Mary Ellen , Moslock-Carter Brenda
Published: March 2023

Raising healthy calves depends upon successful management of a number of environmental and nutritional factors. Calves are particularly susceptible to enteric diseases when their diet is contaminated with high levels of bacteria. Veterinary technicians can play a key role in helping dairies minimize diseases caused by enteric pathogens by trouble-shooting and proactively monitoring the bacterial load in colostrum and milk offered to the calves. This paper describes the methods for quantitative and serial culturing, and gives current bacterial guidelines for colostrum and pasteurized waste milk.
Commercially Available Siderophore-Receptor and Porin-Based Vaccine Reduces the Prevalence of E. coli 0157:H7 in the Feces of Beef Cattle under Field Conditions in 10 Commercial Feedlots
Authors: Butler B. A. , Thomson D. U. , Loneragan G. H. , Wileman B. W.
Published: March 2023

Beef cattle located in 10 commercial feedlots were used to determine the efficacy of the Siderophore Receptor and Porin (SRP) E. coli 0157:H7 vaccine to decrease prevalence of E. coli 0157:H7 in the feces of beef cattle under natural conditions.
Intra-rater reliability among postural and gait abnormalities detected using locomotion scoring with observations in milking parlor and headlock stanchions
Authors: García-Muñoz A. , Vidal G. , Singh N. , Silva-del-Río N.
Published: March 2023

Dairy cow lameness is an important health issue, with a negative impact in animal welfare and productivity. Lameness has been assessed using a locomotion scoring (LS) system based on behaviors and postures related to gait. However, LS evaluation is a time consuming task that is not routinely performed on large dairies. Implementation of methods for early lameness detection that are easily incorporated into management could increase the rate of detection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intra-rater reliability among postural and gait abnormalities detected using locomotion scoring with observations in milking parlor (MP) and headlock stanchions (S).
Basic small ruminant nutrition
Authors: Van Saun Robert J.
Published: March 2023

The objective of this presentation is to provide an overview of fundamental nutrient requirements and basic feeding practices for sheep and goats in an effort to improve the practitioner's ability to address related concerns from small ruminant clientele. Many principles of ruminant nutrition as applied to dairy or beef cattle can be extrapolated to sheep and goats, but they should not just be considered "little cows”. Feeding behavior of sheep and goats is classified as intermediate browsers compared to the bulk roughage grazing cow. Feed selection and chewing behavior will alter how feeds are processed in the rumen. Additionally, with their smaller size compared to cattle there will be differences in rate of passage influencing rumen dynamics. Equally, sheep and goats are not equivalent, as feeding sheep are more grazers compared to browsing by goats. Sheep and goats also have some significant nutrient requirement differences, especially related to copper, thus products formulated to meet the needs of both species should be scrutinized. The feeding management focus will be on key nutritional principles addressing the role of forage quality on animal health and performance and need for proper mineral and vitamin supplementation. Having an understanding of basic sheep and goat feeding practices can provide an opportunity to offer additional services to new or ongoing small ruminant clients.
changing impact of economics on managing bovine respiratory disease complex in feedlot cattle
Authors: Neibergs J. Shannon , Anderson David P.
Published: March 2023

The cattle market has set year-over-year record high prices since 2009. The increasing value of cattle has substantially increased the financial risk of feeding cattle, and has commensurately increased the economic losses from disease. As cattle feeding profitability continues to be challenged by the low margin between selling prices and operating costs, all facets of cattle feeding are being evaluated to improve efficiency. Better disease management is an area where economic efficiencies can be gained. Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is widely cited as the most costly disease of beef cattle in North America. Management tools and efforts need to be reexamined, and new tools developed, to reduce BRDC economic losses. This paper reviews cattle feeding financial risk and recent economic implications from the Integrated Program for Reducing Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Beef and Dairy Cattle Coordinated Agricultural Project.
Feminist Epistemology: The Foundation of Feminist Research and its Distinction from Traditional Research
Authors: Ardovini-Brooker Joanne
Published: March 2023

There are many questions surrounding feminist research. The most common question is: "What makesfeminist research distinctive from traditional research within the Social Sciences?" In trying to answerthis question, we need to examine feminist epistemology and the intertwining nature of epistemology,methodology (theory and analysis of how research should proceed), and methods (techniques forgathering data) utilized by feminist researchers. Feminist epistemology in contrast to traditionalepistemologies is the foundation on which feminist methodology is built. In turn, the research thatdevelops from this methodology differs greatly from research that develops from traditional methodologyand epistemology. Therefore, I argue that one must have a general understanding of feministepistemology and methodology before one can understand what makes this type of research unique. Sucha foundation will assist us in our exploration of the realm of feminist research, while illuminating thedifferences between feminist and traditional research.
Struggling for Authentic Human Synergy and a Robust Democratic Culture: The Wellspring Community for Women in Educational Leadership
Authors: Hackney Catherine E. , Runnestrand Diane
Published: March 2023

In this paper we will introduce a community of women educational leaders, theirstruggles for personal and professional accountability, and their inquiry toward thedevelopment of leadership wisdom in a democratic culture. Such leadership wisdomis not the norm in today's educational organizations. Influenced by the work ofresearchers, educational leaders, and professors of educational administration,traditional leadership has been based on hierarchical thinking and prescriptive skillsthat have promoted the status quo (Davies & Foster, 1994; Maxcy, 1994). Thispaper tells the story of a group of women educational leaders who are supportingeach other as they challenge tradition and explore the application of democraticleadership in educational settings. Their story is a result of the analysis of datacollected over the first three years of the Wellspring Community's existence.
Revisiting the ERA Movement in Texas: An Historical Analysis of Leadership among Texas Women
Authors: Selber Katherine , Selber William
Published: March 2023

The defeat of the national Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in June 1982 ended aperiod oforganized advocacy about women's formal political status. Policy analysts andresearchers subsequently identified numerous reasons for the national failure: fewstate organizations developed for the ratification campaign, lack of preparation foranti-ERA challenges in traditionally-oriented states, fears that the ERA wouldchange women's roles in the home, the unexpected legal benefits the SupremeCourt gave women during the 1970s without the ERA, and opponents' effectivelinkage, however false, of the ERA to legal abortion (Berry, 1988; Boles,1979,1982,1985,1989; Marilley, 1989).
Lock in on Coordinates: Mapping the Glass Ceiling with Career Women's Reflections on Power
Authors: Hornett Andrea , Finn Ro.
Published: March 2023

In an attempt to solicit career advice for young women by interviewing experienced career women, thisstudy discovered the location of the proverbial glass ceiling and revealed distinct types of power operatingin organizations. The careers of the women participating in this study were circumscribed by conflicts. Ifthey developed technical expertise as a mode of insulation, they escaped high conflict but remained on atechnical career path without access to higher executive opportunities. If they pursued executiveopportunities through general management positions, they were surrounded by high conflict and becamecareer casualties in powerful threat systems. A review of the literature revealed that each of these systems issimilar to a type in Boulding's (1989) theory of power.
Educating for Social Justice: The Life and Times of Septima Clark in Review
Authors: Hines III Mack T. , Reed Dianne
Published: March 2023

One of the most important goals of teacher education programs is to train preservice teachers on how toteach for social justice (Atweh, Kemmis, & Weeks, 1998). Educating for social justice is teaching peoplehow to make just and democratic contributions to their communities and society. Many teacher educationprograms use Jean Piaget's (1963), Lev Vygotsky's (1978), and other male theorists' learning theories toconvey this idea to students. Scant research shows how these programs provide minority groups'perspectives on social justice education. This paper fills these voids by highlighting Septima Clark's (1898-1987) endeavors of teaching for social justice. Septima Clark (1962) was a famous South Carolina educatorand Civil Rights leader who used reading and writing to enhance African-American leaders. A lifelonglearner, she combined her daily life experiences with the fundamentals of reading and writing to teachAfrican-Americans how to become informed citizens of their communities. During this process, shecontinuously evolved and elevated her personal and professional philosophy of how to empower otherpeople to change society. As such, her life and legacy bears significant implications for preparing preserviceteachers to become lifelong leaders of graduating value-added, needs-satisfying citizens of society.
Motivators and Inhibitors for Women Superintendents
Authors: Harris Sandra
Published: March 2023

Findings indicated that the top five motivators for women were desire to make a difference, ability to initiatechange, desire to positively impact people, and the personal and professional challenge. There were no significant differences for male superintendents. The top female inhibitors were increased time commitment, the amount of paperwork and bureaucracy, community politics, working with the school board, and isolation from the campus setting. Increased time commitment was significantly more important to females than to males.
The Role of Forgiveness in the Leadership Practices of Women Leaders in Higher Education
Authors: Grace-Odeleye Beverlyn E. , Osula Bramwell
Published: March 2023

This study examined the use of interpersonal forgiveness in the leadership practices of women leaders inhigher education. Six women, with senior level administrative positions in a large public university, wereinterviewed and asked a range of questions regarding their use of forgiveness in leadership practices.Responses from participants were grouped together using cross-case analysis to discover meaning andinterpreting themes. The interview guide sought to elicit a common definition of forgiveness, examined theuse of forgiveness, and identified steps in the process of forgiveness in leadership practices. The evidence isthat the participants in the study defined forgiveness as choosing and making a decision to reduce negativethoughts, such as blame and anger. Recognizing the problem, identifying the nature of the problem, andaddressing the problem were identified as key steps in the process of forgiveness. Growth producingexperiences and improved relationships are cited as additional benefits. Working through conflict in apositive manner is a primary reason that the women studied utilized forgiveness in their leadership practices.Modeling the behavior and mentoring others are additional approaches used to demonstrate the purpose andmeaning of forgiveness. All participants identified mentoring as an important relationship and described amentor as one who exhibited and used some aspect of the principles of forgiveness in their leadershippractices. Additionally, females were said to utilize forgiveness more often than males. The reason given forthis was that females are seen as being more interested in maintaining relationships than are men. The studyalso provides some general insights into actions and behaviors associated with the exercise of forgiveness inleadership practices within the workplace.
Entrepreneurial Career Development: Using Human Capital, Social Capital, and Distance Education to Achieve Success
Authors: Reimers-Hild Connie I. , Fritz Susan M. , King James W.
Published: March 2023

Individuals, especially women, must be increasingly entrepreneurial in the twenty-first century in order to achievesuccess. It is also important for women to take an entrepreneurial approach to career development. The first keycomponent of an entrepreneurial approach to career development is investing in human capital. Continuousinvestment in human capital increases earning power, opens doors to professional opportunities, and contributesto career advancement. The second key component of an entrepreneurial approach to career development isinvesting in social capital. Women can increase their chances for professional success by developing networksthat connect them to key individuals, assignments, and resources within and outside of organizations. Distanceeducation is the third key component of entrepreneurial career development. Today, distance-delivered coursesand programs create new educational opportunities that women and men can use to invest in their human andsocial capital as well as their potential. This paper presents the three keys to entrepreneurial career developmentalong with evidence that supports the increasing importance for women to enhance their career success byembracing entrepreneurial strategies designed to leverage the connections among human capital, social capital,and distance education.
Gender and the Network Structures of Social Capital in Professional-Client Relationships
Authors: Suseno Yuliani , Pinnington Ashly H. , Gardner Dr. John
Published: March 2023

Recent studies in industrialized economies document a shift in gender composition of the labor market.They report an increase in the amount of women entering the labor force and in the number securing toplevelpositions in organizations (Jacobs, 1992; Kanter, 1977; Reskin & Roos, 1990). In professional labormarkets, organizations' efforts to hire and promote women to senior ranks have assisted gender equality, buttop-ranking male professionals still outnumber women professionals across many high-status professionalsectors. This social phenomenon prevails in most professions and organizational forms, includingprofessional service firms. Gender stratification, for example, within the legal profession is very apparent,producing income differences that are more substantial than that exists in the total labor force (Hagan,1990).This paper proposes using social capital theory to examine the influences of gender in professional servicefirms. Moving beyond the intra-organizational perspective, we argue for the significance of networkstructures that extend across organizational boundaries. We focus specifically on gender differences innetwork relationships with clients and on the structural nature of the professional's social capital. Weadvance four propositions for future research on how individuals' network structures influence theattainment of higher income and status position in the firm. Finally, we make some suggestions on whatindividuals and professional service firms can do to promote more gender equality.
Lessons for a Rural Female Superintendent: Gender, Leadership, and Politics
Authors: Vaughn Courtney
Published: March 2023

Two years before my coauthor and I began this narrative inquiry, as the school superintendent of a rural community, I failed to fire a malicious football coach and resigned shortly thereafter. I floundered for a few months and then decided to pursue a doctorate in educational administration. Soon I met a professor, now my coauthor, who offered me the opportunity to explain what had happened in terms of socially constructed gender roles. We investigated 40 post-World War II urban, suburban, and rural female superintendents whom my coauthor and other scholars had interviewed. After theming their stories into five prototypes we wove these collective representations into my personal narrative and found that operationalizing any political agenda necessitated being aware of how a school community views acceptable womanhood, because it determined how the female superintendent was received. Had I adopted my stakeholders' notion of female demeanor, more school patrons may have heard me. Yet, for me and other superintendents the feasibility and ethics of what might be seen as outright manipulation will forever loom on the horizon of politics, gender and the superintendency
Gender Barriers of Women Striving for a Corporate Officer Position: A Literature Review
Authors: Gregory-Mina Heidi Joy
Published: March 2023

Literature examined from the past 30 years discovered that even though gender issues have received a great deal of attention, little research has been conducted on gender barriers and disparities in the corporate suite (Agars, 2004). Through examination of this literature, it became evident that women and men are not equally represented, and Agars (2004) wondered whether gender discrimination is a primary cause. Women have made tremendous breakthroughs within middle management but a lack of progress has been seen in obtaining corporate officer positions. The purpose of this paper is to provide an extensive literature review regarding the gender barriers that are applied to females who strive for a corporate officer position.