bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Remark on BMW Algebra, q-Schur Algebras and Categorification
Authors: Vaz Pedro , Wagner Emmanuel
Published: May 2013

We prove that the two-variable BMW algebra embeds into an algebra constructed from the HOMFLY-PT polynomial. We also prove that the so2N-BMW algebra embeds in the q-Schur algebra of type A. We use these results to suggest a schema providing categorifications of the 2N-BMW algebra.
Classification of traces and hypertraces on spaces of classical pseudodifferential operators
Authors: Lesch Matthias , Neira Jiménez Carolina
Published: May 2013

Let

M

be a closed manifold and let

\operatorname{CL}^{\bullet}(M)

be the algebra of classical pseudodifferential operators. The aim of this note is to classify trace functionals on the subspaces

\operatorname{CL}^a(M)\subset \operatorname{CL}^{\bullet}(M)

of operators of order

a

.

\operatorname{CL}^a(M)

is a

\operatorname{CL}^0(M)

-module for any real

a

; it is an algebra only if

a

is a non-positive integer. Therefore, it turns out to be useful to introduce the notions of pretrace and hypertrace. Our main result gives a complete classification of pre- and hypertraces on

\operatorname{CL}^a(M)

for any

a\in\mathbb{R}

, as well as the traces on

\operatorname{CL}^a(M)

for

a\in\mathbb{Z}

,

a\le 0

. We also extend these results to classical pseudodifferential operators acting on sections of a vector bundle.

As a by-product we give a new proof of the well-known uniqueness results for the Guillemin–Wodzicki residue trace and for the Kontsevich–Vishik canonical trace. The novelty of our approach lies in the calculation of the cohomology groups of homogeneous and log-polyhomogeneous differential forms on a symplectic cone. This allows to give an extremely simple proof of a generalization of a theorem of Guillemin about the representation of homogeneous functions as sums of Poisson brackets.
Uniform local amenability
Authors: Brodzki Jacek , Niblo Graham A. , Špakula Ján , Willett Rufus , Wright Nick
Published: May 2013

The main results of this paper show that various coarse (‘large scale’) geometric properties are closely related. In particular, we show that property A implies the operator norm localisation property, and thus that norms of operators associated to a very large class of metric spaces can be effectively estimated.

The main tool is a new property called uniform local amenability. This property is easy to negate, which we use to study some ‘bad’ spaces: specifically, expanders and graphs with large girth. We also generalise and reprove a theorem of Nowak relating amenability and asymptotic dimension in the quantitative setting.
Daily net ecosystem production in lakes predicted from midday dissolved oxygen saturation: analysis of a five‐year high frequency dataset from 24 mesocosms with contrasting trophic states and temperatures
Authors: Nielsen Anders , Liboriussen Lone , Trolle Dennis , Landkildehus Frank , Søndergaard Martin , Lauridsen Torben L. , Søndergaard Morten , Larsen Søren E. , Jeppesen Erik
Published: May 2013

Much information can be gained from the net ecosystem production (NEP) of freshwater lakes, and NEP has attracted new interest due to climate change, which may change the importance of freshwaters as a source and sink of CO2. Direct measurement of NEP in freshwater lakes is, however, time‐consuming, and high frequency monitoring of diel variations in oxygen levels for metabolism estimation has only recently been commonly employed. However, midday snap‐shot oxygen data is available from numerous monitoring programs worldwide, occasionally covering decades. We hypothesize that midday oxygen saturation levels may provide information on NEP in lakes as oxygen super‐saturation, indicative of high NEP, is observed in very productive lakes, whereas very low oxygen levels may occur in lakes with great input of organic matter or in lakes experiencing sudden decline in primary producers, indicative of low NEP. By analysis of a high frequency dataset encompassing 24 fully mixed mesocosms with contrasting trophic states and temperatures, we show that midday oxygen saturation provides a reasonable description of daily NEP only marginally affected by trophic state, temperature, and season. Oxygen sampling conducted in the afternoon gave a slightly better prediction than at midday, whereas predictions based on NEP representing an average of the previous 3 days led to a 2‐fold increase in R2. Moreover, an analysis of high frequency data sampled in a shallow Danish lake suggests that the method is transferable to natural shallow lakes. This method may therefore allow estimation of NEP based on oxygen measurements available from monitoring programs.
On the export of reactive nitrogen from Asia: NOx partitioning and effects on ozone
Authors: Bertram T. H. , Perring A. E. , Wooldridge P. J. , Dibb J. , Avery M. A. , Cohen R. C.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. The partitioning of reactive nitrogen (NOy was measured over the remote North Pacific during spring 2006. Aircraft observations of NO, NO2, total peroxy nitrates (ΣPNs), total alkyl and multi-functional nitrates (ΣANs) and nitric acid (HNO3, made between 25° and 55° N, confirm a controlling role for peroxyacyl nitrates in NOx production in aged Asian outflow. ΣPNs account for more than 60% of NOy above 5 km, while thermal dissociation limits their contribution to less than 10% in the lower troposphere. Using simultaneous observations of NOx, ΣPNs, ΣANs, HNO3 and average wind speed, we calculate the flux of reactive nitrogen through the meridional plane of 150° W (between 20° and 55° N) to be 0.007 ± 0.002 Tg N day−1, which provides an upper limit of 23 ± 6.5% on the transport efficiency of NOy from East Asia. Observations of NOx, and HOx are used to constrain a 0-D photochemical box model for the calculation of net photochemical ozone production or tendency (Δ O3) as a function of aircraft altitude and NOx concentrations. The model analysis indicates that the photochemical environment of the lower troposphere (altitude < 6 km) over the north Pacific is one of net O3 destruction, with an experimentally determined crossover point between net O3 destruction and net O3 production of 60 pptv NOx. Qualitative indicators of integrated net O3 production derived from simultaneous measurements of O3 and light alkanes (Parrish et al., 1992), also indicate that the north Pacific is, on average, a region of net O3 destruction.
Characteristics of concentrations and chemical compositions for PM2.5 in the region of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, China
Authors: Zhao P. S. , Dong F. , He D. , Zhao X. J. , Zhang X. L. , Zhang W. Z. , Yao Q. , Liu H. Y.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. In order to study the temporal and spatial variations of PM2.5 and its chemical compositions in the region of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei (BTH), PM2.5 samples were collected at four urban sites in Beijing (BJ), Tianjin (TJ), Shijiazhuang (SJZ), and Chengde (CD), and also one site at Shangdianzi (SDZ) regional background station over four seasons from 2009 to 2010. The samples were weighted for mass concentrations and analyzed in the laboratory for chemical profiles of 19 elements (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn), eight water-soluble inorganic ions (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3−, and SO42−, and carbon fractions (OC and EC). The concentrations of PM2.5 and its major chemical species were season dependent and showed spatially similar characteristics in the plain area of BTH. The average annual concentrations of PM2.5 were 71.8–191.2 μg m−3 at the five sites, with more than 90% of sampling days exceeding 50 μg m−3 at BJ, TJ, and SJZ. PM2.5 pollution was most serious at SJZ, and the annual concentrations of PM2.5, secondary inorganic ions, OC, EC, and most crustal elements were all highest. Due to stronger photochemical oxidation, the sum of concentrations of secondary inorganic ions (NH4+, NO3−, and SO42− was highest in the summer at SDZ, BJ, TJ, and CD. Analysis of electric charges of water-soluble inorganic ions indicated the existence of nitric acid or hydrochloric acid in PM2.5. For all five sites, the concentrations of OC, EC and also secondary organic carbon (SOC) in the spring and summer were lower than those in the autumn and winter. SOC had more percentages of increase than primary organic carbon (POC) during the winter. The sums of crustal elements (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Ti, Ba, and Sr) were higher in the spring and autumn owing to more days with blowing or floating dust. The concentrations of heavy metals were at higher levels in the BTH area by comparison with other studies. In Shijiazhuang and Chengde, the PM2.5 pollution was dominated by coal combustion. Motor vehicle exhausts and coal combustion emissions both played important roles in Tianjin PM2.5 pollution. However, motor vehicle exhausts had played a more important role in Beijing owing to the reduction of coal consumption and sharp increase of cars in recent years. At SDZ, regional transportation of air pollutants from southern urban areas was significant.
Multi-season eddy covariance observations of energy, water and carbon fluxes over a suburban area in Swindon, UK
Authors: Ward H. C. , Evans J. G. , Grimmond C. S. B.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Eddy covariance measurements of the turbulent sensible heat, latent heat and carbon dioxide fluxes for 12 months (2011–2012) are reported for the first time for a suburban area in the UK. The results from Swindon are comparable to suburban studies of similar surface cover elsewhere but reveal large seasonal variability. Energy partitioning favours turbulent sensible heat during summer (midday Bowen ratio 1.4–1.6) and latent heat in winter (0.05–0.7). A significant proportion of energy is stored (and released) by the urban fabric and the estimated anthropogenic heat flux is small but non-negligible (0.5–0.9 MJ m−2 day−1). The sensible heat flux is negative at night and for much of winter daytimes, reflecting the suburban nature of the site (44% vegetation) and relatively low built fraction (16%). Latent heat fluxes appear to be water limited during a dry spring in both 2011 and 2012, when the response of the surface to moisture availability can be seen on a daily timescale. Energy and other factors are more relevant controls at other times; at night the wind speed is important. On average, surface conductance follows a smooth, asymmetrical diurnal course peaking at around 6–9 mm s−1, but values are larger and highly variable in wet conditions. The combination of natural (vegetative) and anthropogenic (emission) processes is most evident in the temporal variation of the carbon flux: significant photosynthetic uptake is seen during summer, whilst traffic and building emissions explain peak release in winter (9.5 g C m−2 day−1). The area is a net source of CO2 annually. Analysis by wind direction highlights the role of urban vegetation in promoting evapotranspiration and offsetting CO2 emissions, especially when contrasted against peak traffic emissions from sectors with more roads. Given the extent of suburban land use, these results have important implications for understanding urban energy, water and carbon dynamics.
Heterogeneous ice nucleation on phase-separated organic-sulfate particles: effect of liquid vs. glassy coatings
Authors: Schill G. P. , Tolbert M. A.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Atmospheric ice nucleation on aerosol particles relevant to cirrus clouds remains one of the least understood processes in the atmosphere. Upper tropospheric aerosols as well as sub-visible cirrus residues are known to be enhanced in both sulfates and organics. The hygroscopic phase transitions of organic-sulfate particles can have an impact on both the cirrus cloud formation mechanism and resulting cloud microphysical properties. In addition to deliquescence and efflorescence, organic-sulfate particles are known to undergo another phase transition known as liquid–liquid phase separation. The ice nucleation properties of particles that have undergone liquid–liquid phase separation are unknown. Here, Raman microscopy coupled with an environmental cell was used to study the low temperature deliquescence, efflorescence, and liquid–liquid phase separation behavior of 2 : 1 mixtures of organic polyols (1,2,6-hexanetriol and 1 : 1 1,2,6-hexanetriol + 2,2,6,6-tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanol) and ammonium sulfate from 240–265 K. Further, the ice nucleation efficiency of these organic-sulfate systems after liquid–liquid phase separation and efflorescence was investigated from 210–235 K. Raman mapping and volume-geometry analysis indicate that these particles contain solid ammonium sulfate cores fully engulfed in organic shells. For the ice nucleation experiments, we find that if the organic coatings are liquid, water vapor diffuses through the shell and ice nucleates on the ammonium sulfate core. In this case, the coatings minimally affect the ice nucleation efficiency of ammonium sulfate. In contrast, if the coatings become semi-solid or glassy, ice instead nucleates on the organic shell. Consistent with recent findings that glasses can be efficient ice nuclei, the phase-separated particles are nearly as efficient at ice nucleation as pure crystalline ammonium sulfate.
GPS phase scintillation and proxy index at high latitudes during a moderate geomagnetic storm
Authors: Prikryl P. , Ghoddousi-Fard R. , Kunduri B. S. R. , Thomas E. G. , Coster A. J. , Jayachandran P. T. , Spanswick E. , Danskin D. W.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. The amplitude and phase scintillation indices are customarily obtained by specialised GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitors (GISTMs) from L1 signal recorded at the rate of 50 Hz. The scintillation indices S4 and σΦ are stored in real time from an array of high-rate scintillation receivers of the Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN). Ionospheric phase scintillation was observed at high latitudes during a moderate geomagnetic storm (Dst = −61 nT) that was caused by a moderate solar wind plasma stream compounded with the impact of two coronal mass ejections. The most intense phase scintillation (σΦ ~ 1 rad) occurred in the cusp and the polar cap where it was co-located with a strong ionospheric convection, an extended tongue of ionisation and dense polar cap patches that were observed with ionosondes and HF radars. At sub-auroral latitudes, a sub-auroral polarisation stream that was observed by mid-latitude radars was associated with weak scintillation (defined arbitrarily as σΦ < 0.5 rad). In the auroral zone, moderate scintillation coincided with auroral breakups observed by an all-sky imager, a riometer and a magnetometer in Yellowknife. To overcome the limited geographic coverage by GISTMs other GNSS data sampled at 1 Hz can be used to obtain scintillation proxy indices. In this study, a phase scintillation proxy index (delta phase rate, DPR) is obtained from 1-Hz data from CHAIN and other GPS receivers. The 50-Hz and 1-Hz phase scintillation indices are correlated. The percentage occurrences of σΦ > 0.1 rad and DPR > 2 mm s−1, both mapped as a function of magnetic latitude and magnetic local time, are very similar.
THEMIS and ground-based observations of successive substorm onsets following a super-long growth phase
Authors: Liu J.-M. , Kamide Y. , Zhang B.-C. , Hu H.-Q. , Yang H.-G.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. We present four successive substorm events, which followed a super-long, as long as 9 h, growth phase on 5 December 2008, observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interaction during Substorms (THEMIS) and the GOES 11 satellite with simultaneous coverage by the Alaska and THEMIS ground magnetometers. Several interesting and unique features were found for these cases. The interplanetary magnetic field was steadily southward and the solar wind speed was slow, less than 450 km s−1, which are thought to drive the long growth phase for the following onsets. At least four substorm expansion onsets occurred, including a double-onset event, which appears to be a challenge to the reconnection hypothesis for double-onset substorm and favored an instability mechanism for the onsets and could not be explained by the two neutral line models. For the onsets at 09:32 UT and 09:42 UT, the dipolarization signature was observed by GOES 11, which was located earthward of THEMIS C and THEMIS B. THEMIS C satellite caught a delayed and much weaker signature 1–3 min after GOES 11. THEMIS B observed no relating signature. These observations provide us with direct evidence that these events initiated at the near-earth region. The observations of THEMIS C and THEMIS B around the onsets favor the near-earth instabilities model for substorm onset.
Soil respiration on an aging managed heathland: identifying an appropriate empirical model for predictive purposes
Authors: Kopittke G. R. , van Loon E. E. , Tietema A. , Asscheman D.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Heathlands are cultural landscapes which are managed through cyclical cutting, burning or grazing practices. Understanding the carbon (C) fluxes from these ecosystems provides information on the optimal management cycle time to maximise C uptake and minimise C output. The interpretation of field data into annual C loss values requires the use of soil respiration models. These generally include model variables related to the underlying drivers of soil respiration, such as soil temperature, soil moisture and plant activity. Very few studies have used selection procedures in which structurally different models are calibrated, then validated on separate observation datasets and the outcomes critically compared. We present thorough model selection procedures to determine soil heterotrophic (microbial) and autotrophic (root) respiration for a heathland chronosequence and show that soil respiration models are required to correct the effect of experimental design on soil temperature. Measures of photosynthesis, plant biomass, photosynthetically active radiation, root biomass, and microbial biomass did not significantly improve model fit when included with soil temperature. This contradicts many current studies in which these plant variables are used (but not often tested for parameter significance). We critically discuss a number of alternative ecosystem variables associated with soil respiration processes in order to inform future experimental planning and model variable selection at other heathland field sites. The best predictive model used a generalized linear multi-level model with soil temperature as the only variable. Total annual soil C loss from the young, middle and old communities was calculated to be 650, 462 and 435 g C m−2 yr−1, respectively.
WALKYOURPLACE – EVALUATING NEIGHBOURHOOD ACCESSIBILITY AT STREET LEVEL
Authors: Steiniger S. , Poorazizi M. E. , Hunter A. J. S.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. The popularity of a neighbourhood is often explained by its perceived "higher" quality of life. Good access to shops, restaurants, parks, etc., is seen as an indicator that reflects improved quality of life. We present a web-based tool for assessment of accessibility to such services. The system evaluates in real time an area that is accessible using pedestrian, transit, and cycling infrastructure. The accessible area is evaluated using "quality of life" indicators, such as the number of grocery stores, shopping and recreation facilities, and local crime within that area. This tool sets itself apart from pre-computed and neighbourhood-level walkability indices, because it makes use of detailed street-level data, rather than block-level generalizations. It uses real network travel time, and, when transit data are provided, permits the creation and evaluation of accessibility areas for a combination of travel modes such as walking with transit use.
A SHARED DATABASE OF UNDERGROUND UTILITY LINES FOR 3D MAPPING AND GIS APPLICATIONS
Authors: Cazzaniga N. E. , Carrion D. , Migliaccio F. , Barzaghi R.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. For the purpose of facility management it is very important to have detailed and up-to-date databases of underground utility lines, but such data are not always available with adequate accuracy. Hence, the need of collecting and organizing suitable information on underground services is a fundamental issue when dealing with urban data. Besides, by analyzing the process of designing and laying new underground infrastructures it is possible to implement an efficient and cost-effective approach to integrate and update existing maps by exploiting the surveying required for the installation of new facilities. It is also important to underline that collecting all the data in a unique integrated database (and GIS) gives the possibility to share (at least at a local level) the cartographic and thematic information for an optimal management of underground networks. In this paper, a database (DB) model for archiving the underground lines data is presented. The structure of the DB has been designed by following the standard methodology for the modelling of a relational DB, going through successive phases and originating the external, conceptual and logical model. Finally, preliminary tests have been carried on for parts of the DB to verify quality parameters.
GEODESIGN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND PARAMETRIC MODELING OF TERRITORIAL OCCUPATION: NEW PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN TERRITORIAL REPRESENTATION
Authors: Santana S. A. , Moura A. C.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. This paper intends to be a brief contextualization about the state-of-the-art on the use of Geoprocessing on urban planning in order to present new paradigms and challenges on the use of geotecnologies focused on cities' management. Such state-of-the-art of space production justifies the current studies on geoprocessing towards the developing of tools, techniques, and methodologies which can serve the necessities of the creation of interpretative pictures of urban landscapes that may ease the dialogue among technicians, administrative workers, and the community. In this sense, this paper will show new trends, paradigms and challenges in the threedimensional models for cities representation.
EXPLORING SCALE EFFECT USING GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION ON MASS DATASET OF URBAN ROBBERY
Authors: Yavuz Ö. , Tecim V.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Urban geographers have been studying to explain factors influencing crime on cases limited by their study areas. Researchers have a common opinion that explanatory variables modelling crime on those cases might be irrelevant for another one. None of the researchers tested significance of these variables with changing scales of the study area. Because their data did not allow them to study with different scales. This research examines the scale effect with various data from a wide range of data sources. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) method is used to explain that effect, after organizing data by Geographical Information System (GIS) technologies. Explanatory variables deduced for district scale are different from those for grid scale. Hence, the explanatory variables may change not only for different geographical areas but also for different scales of the same area.
QUALITY IN PUBLIC SPACES: MONITORING GREEN AREAS IN MILAN
Authors: Guzzetti F. , Pasquinelli A. , Privitera A.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. The city of Milan gained a lot of experience in management and conservation of urban green spaces: the set goal is to come to a high quality standard of the green areas, to be realized not only downtown, but all over the city. All the activities related to this issue has been outsourced to a specific Consortium through three-yearly contracts based on a Global Service model and the management structure implemented since 2004 has been set up on GIS technologies and open source applications: this structure has evolved over the years following an increasingly integration of the different operative phases and paying close attention to the update of the geographical data. With the contribution of the academic world and the support of technical experts in webGIS applications field, Milan today can count on a management system in which cartographical aspects are perfectly integrated with maintenance activities executed by operators on site and check inspections carried out by municipal controllers, ensuring a high level of the geo-database updating. The focus now is on the arrangement of a performance monitoring system, aimed to control the achievement of the quality standard fixed by contract with the Consortium. In the research here introduced we want to describe how the unification of the workflows – related to the upkeep schedules on the one hand and to the control activities on the other hand- together with the use of GPS technologies contributed in improving efficiency in practical intervention in case of warnings sent by controllers, in daily works and data update, producing as a consequence an enhancement of the maintenance service provided. In this way the "Green GIS" can now be used for further qualitative upgrade in management of green areas in Milan, with new challenges related to the concept of "smart city".
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM – TOBEL
Authors: Koeva M.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. TOBEL is Geographic Information System entirely developed by one of the leading Bulgarian Geo-information companies – "Mapex" JSC. The system is based on modern information technology and it is especially designed for Bulgarian authorities. GIS – TOBEL provides to municipalities extraordinary quantitative and qualitative benefits. The system offers a method of quick access, evaluation, and format conversion. It also allows producing interactive maps from different sources, leveraging database information, and automating work processes. The paper contains a description of the main functions of the system, the used data and the whole process of development and system integration in Bulgarian Municipalities. The examples of successful working GIS systems integrated from our company are demonstrated.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU NOISE DIRECTIVE IN PROCESS OF URBAN PLANNING IN POLAND
Authors: Kwiecień J. , Szopińska K.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. In Poland spatial planning policies are described by a system of planning documents controlled by act of Spatial Planning and Land Development of 27 March 2003. Sustainable development principle and spatial order form is the basis of spatial planning efforts. In the territory of Poland the manner of urban space management is defined by a planning document called Local Land Use Plan (LLUP). In a LLUP some issues are arranged, such as the purpose of a given area, location of public purpose investments, land development conditions. When analysing the development process of Polish cities, an obvious conclusion emerges about the lack of complex studies and researches of the environment concerning the issue of acoustic climate. The procedures of development of an LLUP involve merely a general diagnosis of an environment excluding measured values of pollution, including noise levels. The main aim of this article is to introduce the influence of acoustic climate on the urban space planning in Poland through the implementation of the provisions of Directive 2002/49/WE of the European Parliament and the Council of Europe from 25 June 2002. Moreover, in the stages of an LLUP implementations have been suggested the use of a Strategic Noise Map, being a tool for assisting the process of environmental noise level assessment in Poland.
EXPLOITING VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION TO EASE LAND USE MAPPING OF AN URBAN LANDSCAPE
Authors: Jokar Arsanjani J. , Helbich M. , Bakillah M.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Remote sensing techniques have eased land use/cover mapping substantially by observing the earth remotely through diminishing field surveying and in-site data collection. However, field measurement is still required to identify training sites for defining the existing land use classes, which requires visiting the study area. This paper is intended to utilize volunteered geographic information (VGI) contributions to the OpenStreetMap (OSM) project as an alternative data source instead of gathering training sites through insite visits and to evaluate how accurate land use patterns can be mapped. High resolution imagery of RapidEye with 5 meter spatial resolution is selected to derive land use patterns of Koblenz, Germany through a maximum likelihood classification technique. The achieved land use map is compared with the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Urban Atlas (GMESUA) and a Kappa Index of 89% is achieved. The outcomes prove that VGI can be integrated within remote sensing processes to facilitate the process of earth observation and monitoring.
A MOVABLE CHARGING UNIT FOR GREEN MOBILITY
Authors: ElBanhawy E. Y. , Nassar K.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Battery swapping of electric vehicles (EVs) matter appears to be the swiftest and most convenient to users. The existence of swapping stations increases the feasibility of distributed energy storage via the electric grid. However, it is a cost-prohibitive way of charging. Early adaptors’ preferences of /perceptions about EV system in general, has its inflectional effects on potential users hence the market penetration level. Yet, the charging matter of electric batteries worries the users and puts more pressure on them with the more rigorous planning-ahead they have to make prior to any trip. This paper presents a distinctive way of charging. It aims at making the overall charging process at ease. From a closer look into the literature, most of EVs’ populations depend on domestic charge. Domestic charging gives them more confidence and increases the usability factor of the EV system. Nevertheless, they still need to count on the publically available charging points to reach their destination(s). And when it comes to multifamily residences, it becomes a thorny problem as these apartments do not have a room for charging outlets. Having said the irritating charging time needed to fatten the batteries over the day and the minimal average mileage drove daily, hypothetically, home delivery charging (Movable Charging Unit-MCU) would be a stupendous solution. The paper discusses the integration of shortest path algorithm problem with the information about EV users within a metropolitan area, developing an optimal route for a charging unit. This MCU delivers charging till homes whether by swapping batteries or by fast charging facility. Information about users is to be provided by the service provider of the neighbourhood, which includes charging patterns (timing, power capacity). This problem lies under the shortest path algorithms problem. It provides optimal route of charging that in return shall add more reliability and usability values and alleviate the charging/ limited range / daily planning anxieties. The model is in a very preliminary stage of development, future work is needed to elaborate on the model and developing a complete feasibility study.
The scaling behaviour of the edges of gravity data
Authors: Cooper G. R. J.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Measurements of the earth's gravity field are widely used in geophysical exploration programs. The geological interpretation process often involves the identification of the boundaries, or edges, of different regions. This can be achieved through a variety of techniques. This paper examines the statistical distribution of the size of the edges produced by a synthetic gravity model, and compares the results with those obtained from a gravity dataset from South Africa.
High-resolution interactive modelling of the mountain glacier–atmosphere interface: an application over the Karakoram
Authors: Collier E. , Mölg T. , Maussion F. , Scherer D. , Mayer C. , Bush A. B. G.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. The traditional approach to simulations of alpine glacier mass balance (MB) has been one-way, or offline, thus precluding feedbacks from changing glacier surface conditions on the atmospheric forcing. In addition, alpine glaciers have been only simply, if at all, represented in atmospheric models to date. Here, we extend a recently presented, novel technique for simulating glacier–atmosphere interactions without the need for statistical downscaling, through the use of a coupled high-resolution mesoscale atmospheric and physically-based climatic mass balance (CMB) modelling system that includes glacier CMB feedbacks to the atmosphere. We compare the model results over the Karakoram region of the northwestern Himalaya with remote sensing data for the ablation season of 2004 as well as with in situ glaciological and meteorological measurements from the Baltoro glacier. We find that interactive coupling has a localized but appreciable impact on the near-surface meteorological forcing data and that incorporation of CMB processes improves the simulation of variables such as land surface temperature and snow albedo. Furthermore, including feedbacks from the glacier model has a non-negligible effect on simulated CMB, reducing modelled ablation, on average, by 0.1 m w.e. (−6.0%) to a total of −1.5 m w.e. between 25 June–31 August 2004. The interactively coupled model shows promise as a new, multi-scale tool for explicitly resolving atmospheric-CMB processes of mountain glaciers at the basin scale.
Renal Mass with Caval Thrombous as Atypical Presentation of Xantogranulomatous Pyelonephritis. a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Arrighi Nicola , Antonelli Alessandro , Zani Danilo , Zanotelli Tiziano , Corti Serena , Cunico Sergio Cosciani , Simeone Claudio
Published: May 2013

Introduction

Xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare, severe, chronic renal infection typically resulting in diffuse renal destruction. Enlarged kidney is typical radiological finding. In this work we describe an extremely rare case in which a clinically classified cT3b Tumor (level II IVC thrombus) was detected; at specimen analysis to be xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis with IVC extension.

Material And Method

U.V., female, 86 years old, we diagnosed with right renal mass, with extension to IVC. By pathological analysis, it was found that renal mass and the thrombus was not due to RCC, but by xantogranulomatus pyelonephritis.

Discussion

xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis with IVC thrombus is exceptional and has been described in 4 cases. Such a diagnosis could have anesthesiologic importance, in particular related to antimicrobial treatment. Xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis has its own classification, based on extension and organ involvement, but this case fall out of current classification

Conclusion

This possibility could be suspected and updating of disease's classification could be suggested.
The effect of methyl jasmonate and phenolic acids on growth of seedlings and accumulation of anthocyanins in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)
Authors: Horbowicz Marcin , Mioduszewska Halina , Koczkodaj Danuta , Saniewski Marian
Published: May 2013

The effect of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) and phenolic acids: trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA), p-coumaric acid (p-CA), salicylic acid (SA) as well as naringenine (NAR) on growth of seedlings and accumulation of anthocyanins in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) were studied. JA-Me and phenolics were applied to growth medium of 4-days etiolated buckwheat seedlings before their exposition to day/night (16h/8h) conditions. The increase of primary roots and hypocotyls length were measured after 3 days of seedling growth in such conditions. At the end of experiment the total anthocyanins contents were measured as well. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) and trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) inhibited growth of the primary root in young buckwheat seedlings, while naringenine (NAR) had a stimulatory influence, and p-coumaric acid had no effect at all. None of investigated phenolics or JA-Me had an effect on the growth of buckwheat hypocotyls, except the mixture of JA-Me and p-coumarcic acid. JA-Me significantly decreased the anthocyanins level in buckwheat hypocototyls, but not in cotyledons. trans-Cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid and naringenine had no significant influence on the anthocyanin level in hypocotyls and cotyledons of buckwheat seedlings. Simultaneous treatment of buckwheat seedlings with JA-Me and t-CA or p-CA did not change the inhibition of anthocyanins accumulation in buckwheat hypocotyls by JA-Me. In the hypocotyls of buckwheat treated with a mixture of JA-Me and NAR, or SA, a synergistic reduction of anthocyanins was observed.
Influence of mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and development of sandy everlasting Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench.
Authors: Sawilska Anna K. , Jendrzejczak Ewa , Welc Monika , Kieliszewska-Rokicka Barbara
Published: May 2013

The significance of root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi for the growth and development of Helichrysum arenarium was investigated in two independent experiments. In the first experiment the association of root colonization level with the pluviothermal conditions within the growing season and the age of a natural plant population was analyzed. In the second one, under controlled conditions, the influence of artificial inoculation with the arbuscular fungus Glomus intraradices on the features of plants raised from achenes was studied. It was shown that hydrothermal conditions during blooming period had a greater influence on reproduction processes of sandy everlasting than both the population age (the secondary succession progress) and the level of root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. High amount of precipitation at plant generative development phase positively influences the potential and actual fertility of ramets. The presence of arbuscular fungus in the soil favors the growth and development of sandy everlasting specimens at their early growing stages: they have a better-developed root system and a greater photosynthetic area.
Vascular flora of drainage ditches in forest areas of the Polesie National Park
Authors: Banach Barbara
Published: May 2013

This paper presents the results of floristic studies conducted in the years 2003 - 2005 within the area of the Polesie National Park. The aim of the research was to compare the flora of initial succession stages in drainage ditches with the flora of neighbouring forest areas undergoing transformation as a result of drainage. Floristic lists were made in four designated study areas as well as in forest phytocoenoses. The results of field investigations were subjected to analysis with regard to the systematic affinity of the flora and proportions of plant life-forms as well as of historical-geographical groups and range groups. In the species composition of the studied drainage ditches hemicryptophytes were the dominant group of plant higher life-forms, whereas in the neighbouring communities the flora was represented by both hemicryptophytes and megaphanerophytes. In historical and geographical terms, the flora of drainage ditches and neighbouring communities represents definitely the group of spontaneophytes. Anthropogenic habitats, which developed within the drainage ditches, were colonised by native flora species characteristic for the Polesie National Park area.
The influence of intercrop plants and the date of their ploughing-in on weed infestation of root chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) var. sativum (Bisch.) Janch.
Authors: Błażewicz-Woźniak Marzena , Konopiński Mirosław
Published: May 2013

The field experiment was carried out in 2006-2008 in the Felin Experimental Farm (University of Life Sciences in Lublin) on podzolic soil developed from dusty medium loam. Root chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) var. sativum (Bisch.) Janch. cv. Polanowicka was involved in the experiment. The experimental factors were 3 species of intercrop plants: common vetch (Vicia sativa), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia), oat (Avena sativa) and 2 dates of ploughing-in: pre-winter and spring. In total, 26 taxons characteristic for vegetable plantations were identified in chicory weed infestation. Monocarpic species dominated, among which Senecio vulgaris, Chenopodium album, Lamium amplexicaule, Galinsoga ciliata, and Capsella bursa-pastoris were predominant. The date of ploughing-in did not significantly affect the status and size of weed infestation of chicory plots. Short-lived species occurred after pre-winter ploughing-in, while perennial - after spring ploughing-in. The application of intercrops significantly reduced chicory weed infestation as compared to the cultivation with no intercrop. The ploughing-in of Avena sativa biomass appeared to be the most efficient. The intercrop plants reduced the occurrence of Senecio vulgaris and Capsella bursa-pastoris which were the most numerous in the treatment without intercrops. Biomass of Vicia sativa favored the growth of Chenopodium album and Lamium amplexicaule. The secondary weed infestation did not depend on agrotechnical factors applied during the experiment.
Nectary structure of Ornithidium sophronitis Rchb.F. (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae)
Authors: Stpiczyńska Małgorzata , Davis Kevin L. , Gregg Alan
Published: May 2013

Most orchids do not produce floral food-rewards. Instead, they attract pollinators by mimicry or deceit. When present, the most common floral food-reward is nectar. To date, nectary structure has been described for only two species of Maxillaria sensu lato, namely Maxillariella anceps and Ornithidium coccineum (formerly Maxillaria anceps and M. coccinea, respectively). Here, we describe that of a third species, Ornithidium sophronitis (formerly Maxillaria sophronitis). This species possesses floral characters concomitant with ornithophily. A 'faucet and sink' arrangement is present, with nectar secreted by a protuberance on the ventral surface of the column, collecting between column and tepal bases. The nectary of O. sophronitis shares many features with that of O. coccineum. It has a single-layered epidermis and 3- 5 layers of small, subepidermal, collenchymatous, secretory cells. Beneath these occur 2-3 layers of larger, subsecretory, parenchymatous cells supplied by phloem. Nectary cell vacuoles contain osmiophilic material and proteinaceous intravacuolar bodies. Moreover, distension of the nectary cuticle occurs as nectar accumulates between it and the secretory epidermis. Subsecretory cells, however, have thinner walls and contain flocculent, intravacuolar precipitates that may be related to the presence of flavonoids. Since the floral and nectary structure of O. sophronitis is very similar to that of closely related Ornithidium coccineum, it may have evolved in like manner in response to similar pollinator pressures.
Pollen of non-nectariferous plants in the microscopic image of honyes of some communes of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Authors: Stawiarz Ernest
Published: May 2013

In the investigated material, consisting of 143 honey samples, pollen grains of 109 taxa were identified; 80 were represented by nectariferous plants and 29 by non-nectariferous plants. In the pollen of nectariferous plants, 17 anemophilous and 12 entomophilous taxa were found. In particular honey samples, from 1 up to 13 taxa were noted. The identified pollen grains came from plants belonging to 19 botanical families. The most frequently represented families were as follows: Rosaceae, Poaceae and Ranunculaceae. The percentage proportion of pollen of non-nectariferous taxa varied and it was within a range of 0.3% to 69.4%. The highest average frequency among anemophilous plants was demonstrated by the pollen of Poaceae (others), Quercus and Rumex, whereas among entomophilous plants by the pollen of Filipendula, Plantago and Fragaria.
Birch (Betula L.) pollen seasons in Cracow in 1991-2008 in relation to meteorological conditions
Authors: Myszkowska Dorota , Piotrowicz Katarzyna
Published: May 2013

The parameters of the birch pollen seasons in Cracow in 1991-2008 were analysed in relation to some meteorological elements and synoptic situations (circulation types, air masses and atmospheric fronts). Two types of the pollen seasons were distinguished - highly dense and less dense. The first type of the season started on the 15th of April (on average), lasted 11-20 days and the maximum daily concentration exceeded 500 pgm-3. The less dense type started generally earlier (the first decade of April), lasted more than 20 days and the peak days were unstable. In this type of the pollen season, two peak days were often observed. The relationship between the type of the season and the meteorological conditions before the season was pointed out. Additionally, the influence of circulation types, types of air masses and atmospheric fronts over south-eastern Poland on a given day on the number of days with a daily concentration > 80 pgm-3 was analysed. The relationship between the pollen season type and meteorological conditions before the season was found, among others, the influence of types of synoptic situations and air masses on the number of days with a concentration of over 80 pgm-3 was established.
An analysis of grass (Poaceae) pollen seasons in Lublin in 2001-2008
Authors: Dąbrowska Agnieszka
Published: May 2013

Grass pollen allergens are a frequent cause of pollen allergy in Poland and other European countries. The research on aeroplankton conducted in Lublin since 2001 allows characterization of the course of grass pollen seasons and estimation of the effect of maximum and minimum temperatures, relative air humidity, precipitation and maximum wind velocity on the taxon's pollen concentration. The gravimetric method was used in the study. During the eight-year research period, the pollen season usually started in the first or second decade of May and, as a rule, it lasted till the end of August, and quite exceptionally, in 2002 and 2008 till mid-August. The mean length of the pollen season was 107 days. The highest grass pollen risk was observed in the 26th and 27th week. The highest annual counts reaching over 3600 pollen grains × cm-2 were noted in 2008, while in the other study years they ranged from 741 to 1909. The date of the pollen season onset and its course were highly dependent on weather conditions, which was confirmed by the statistical analysis. The greatest significant influence on the pollen season was exerted by maximum temperature, relative air humidity and the maximum wind.
Anatomical features of leaves of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fed with calcium using foliar nutrition
Authors: Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Michałojć Zenia
Published: May 2013

The effect of three foliar-applied Ca-containing preparations on the anatomical features of leaves of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was studied. The following preparations were used: Ca(NO3)2, Librel Ca and Wapnowit, applied at the respective concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1%, which corresponded to a content of 2000 mg Ca × dm-3. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used in the study. It was demonstrated that in amphistomatic bifacial pepper leaves numerous specialised cells occurred which accumulated calcium oxalate crystals in the form of crystalline sand. Anisocytic stomata were found with a much greater density in the abaxial epidermis. They were characterized by very well-developed outer cuticular ledges. It was found that in the leaves of the plants sprayed with the nutrient supplements with increased Ca content there was a much smaller number of epidermal cells per 1 mm2 than in the control plants. These cells were distinguished by an increased size. In the case of the application of the nutrient supplements Librel Ca and Wapnowit, the number of stomata also decreased. However, the application of the calcium supplements resulted in an increase in the value of the stomatal index compared to the control, which is attributable to a significant reduction in the number of epidermal cells not belonging to the stomata. The plants additionally supplied with Ca were marked by a larger number of colenchyma layers and an increased volume of leaf parenchyma cells. In the case of pepper leaves, the thin cuticle and the outer cell wall are not a major barrier to the Ca-containing preparations applied for spray treatment. Nevertheless, the decrease in the number of stomata may restrict the possibility of Ca uptake by this way, which compensates the increase in surface area of particular epidermal cells that will be the main way of Ca penetration into the internal leaf tissues.