bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HybProbes-based real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of equine herpesvirus type 2 DNA
Authors: Osińska E. , Golke A. , Słońska A. , Cymerys J. , Bańbura M.W. , Dzieciątkowski T.
Published: May 2018

Equid herpesvirus type 2 (EHV-2) together with equid herpesvirus type 5 are members of Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily, genus Rhadinovirus. EHV-2 is one of major agents causing diseases of horses common worldwide. A possible role of EHV-2 in reactivating latent equid herpesvirus type-1 has been suggested, because reactivation of latent EHV-1 was always accompanied by EHV-2 replication. Variety techniques, including cell culture, PCR and its modifications, have been used to diagnose EHV-2 infections. The aim of this study was to develop, optimize and determine specificity of real-time PCR (qPCR) for EHV-2 DNA detection using HybProbesR chemistry and to evaluate clinical samples with this method. The analytical sensitivity of assay was tested using serial dilutions of viral DNA in range between 70 and 7x105 copies/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated using probit analysis and was determined as 56 copies/ml. In further studies 20 different clinical samples were tested for the presence of EHV-2. Described in-house qPCR method detected viral DNA in 5 of 20 specimens used. The results of this work show that developed HybProbes-based real-time PCR assay is very reliable and valuable for detection and quantification of equid herpesvirus type 2 DNA in different clinical samples. The high level of sensitivity, accuracy and rapidity provided by the LightCycler 2.0 instrument are favorable for the use of this system in the detection of EHV-2 DNA in veterinary virology.
Heart rate turbulence in healthy dogs and dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Noszczyk-Nowak A.
Published: May 2018

Heart rate turbulence (HRT) is modulated by the baroreceptor reflex and it was suggested that it could be used as a measure of autonomic dysfunction. Impaired HRT is of a significant prognostic value in humans after myocardial infarction, suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy and patients with heart failure. So far no studies were performed assessing the importance of HRT in dogs. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the HRT turbulence onset (TO) and the turbulence slope (TS) in healthy dogs and in dogs with DCM and to compare the HRT in dogs with DCM that died during the first 30 days of observation and dogs with DCM that survived the first 30 days after the HRT analysis. The current study was aimed at determining reference value of the TO and TS of HRT in healthy dogs (control group) and dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM group). The tests were carried out on 30 healthy dogs and 30 dogs with DCM composed of Boxers, Doberman pinschers and Great Danes, of different sexes and body weights from 22 to 72 kg, aged between 1.5 and 11.5 years, submitted to the 24-hour Holter monitoring. HRT parameters were calculated using an HolCard software algorithm. TO is a percentage difference between the heart rate immediately following ventricular premature complex (VPC) and the heart rate immediately preceding VPC. TS corresponds to the steepest slope of the linear regression line for each sequence of five consecutive normal intervals in the local tachogram. The average TO in healthy dogs was determined as -13.55 ± 11.12%, TS was 21.33 ± 9.66 ms/RR. TO in dogs with DCM was determined as - 2.61 ± 2.1% and TS was 6.15 ± 3.86 ms/RR. Parameters of HRT were statistically significantly decreased (p<0.01) in dogs with DCM. HRT TO and TS were statistically significantly decreased in dogs with DCM. Dogs with DCM that survived more than 30 days of observation had HRT statistically significantly decreased in comparison to dogs with DCM that died after the 30’th day of observation. Decreased HRT parameters in dogs with DCM suggest an autonomic neuropathy which principally consists of the withdrawal of the cardiac parasympathetic tone. The more the autonomic neuropathy is advanced the faster the death of the dog with DCM might occur, with no correlation with the level of the heart failure.
Increased AST/ALT ratio in azotaemic dogs infected with Babesia canis
Authors: Zygner W. , Gójska-Zygner O. , Norbury L.J. , Wędrychowicz H.
Published: May 2018

The AST/ALT ratio was estimated in 182 dogs infected with Babesia canis. Among these dogs 65 had anaemia and 68 were azotaemic. Student’s t test was used to compare means of the AST/ALT ratio in anaemic and non-anaemic dogs, and in azotaemic and non-azotaemic dogs (p < 0.05). The differences in AST/ALT ratio between anaemic (1.52 ± 1.15) and non-anaemic (1.76 ± 1.34) dogs were statistically insignificant (p = 0.23), however, the comparison of AST/ALT ratio between azotaemic (2.68 ± 1.52) and non-azotaemic (1.08 ± 0.53) dogs revealed a significantly higher value of this index in azotaemic dogs (p = 0.00). The present results suggest that kidney injury contributed to increased AST activity in these dogs.
Characteristics of selected second-generation antiepileptic drugs used in dogs
Authors: Ziółkowski H. , Jaroszewski J.J. , Ziółkowska N. , Jasiecka A.
Published: May 2018

A significant number of cases of clinical canine epilepsy remain difficult to control in spite of the applied treatment. At the same time, the range of antiepileptic drugs is increasingly wide, which allows efficient treatment. In the present paper we describe the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the newer antiepileptic drugs which were licensed after 1990 but are still not widely used in veterinary medicine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of six of these drugs were tested on dogs. The results of experimental studies suggest that second generation antiepileptic drugs may be applied in mono- as well as in poli- treatment of canine epilepsy because of the larger safety margin and more advantageous pharmacokinetic parameters. Knowledge of the drugs’ pharmacokinetics allows its proper clinical appliance, which, in turn, gives the chance to improve the efficiency of pharmacotherapy of canine epilepsy.
Bovine neonatal pancytopenia in calves in Poland
Authors: Jaśkowski J.M. , Polak M.P. , Marszałek A. , Nowak K. , Frąckowiak H. , Olechnowicz J.
Published: May 2018

Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP), a newly emerged syndrome of discussed etiology in calves, has been diagnosed since 2006. Here we describe first cases of BNP in Poland. Between September 2008 and April 2011, 62 cases of BNP were diagnosed in dairy calves. Bleeding skin lesions were mostly pronounced in summer and early autumn. Severe thrombocytopenia was observed in all sick animals. All calves came from herds vaccinated against BVDV infection with PregSure BVD vaccine (Pfizer). Substitution of colostrum from dams of BNP positive calves with colostrum from dams from herds free of BNP was the only effective measure to avoid new cases in affected herds.
Optimal TCSC placement for optimal power flow
Authors: Lakdja Fatiha , Zohra Gherbi Fatima , Berber Redouane , Boudjella Houari
Published: May 2018

Very few publications have been focused on the mathematical modeling of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) -devices in optimal power flow analysis. A Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSC) model has been proposed, and the model has been implemented in a successive QP. The mathematical models for TCSC have been established, and the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem with these FACTS-devices is solved by Newtons method. This article employs the Newton- based OPF-TCSC solver of MATLAB Simulator, thus it is essential to understand the development of OPF and the suitability of Newton-based algorithms for solving OPF-TCSC problem. The proposed concept was tested and validated with TCSC in twenty six-bus test system. Result shows that, when TCSC is used to relieve congestion in the system and the investment on TCSC can be recovered, with a new and original idea of integration.
Dynamic characteristics of mesh–based network control system under optimal resource circumstances
Authors: Huang Dong , He Bigui
Published: May 2018

Network control system (NCS) has been presenting significance in industry and automation by supporting usability and convenience. However, for insufficiency for diversity of infrastructure and scalability, it has limitations in the field of flexibility for network architecture compared to the wireless mobile network. Hence, there shows the pressing need for tackling the existing network control system with control flow by wireless mesh network (WMN) with strong flexibility effectively. Consequently, for each control system, its stability is one of the prerequisites and criteria. In this paper, a novel optimization model was developed for planning the optimal resource utilization of wireless mesh network (WMN), and then the dynamic characteristics of mesh-based network control system are analyzed and discussed.
Unified approach to the impulse response and green function in the circuit and field theory part II : multi–dimensional case
Authors: Šumichrast L’ubomír
Published: May 2018

In the circuit theory the concept of the impulse response of a linear system due to its excitation by the Dirac delta function δ(t) together with the convolution principle is widely used and accepted. The rigorous theory of symbolic functions, sometimes called distributions, where also the delta function belongs, is rather abstract and requires subtle mathematical tools [1-4]. Nevertheless, the most people intuitively well understand the delta function as a derivative of the (Heaviside) unit step function 1(t) without too much mathematical rigor. In the previous part [5] the concept of the impulse response of linear systems was approached in a unified manner and generalized to the time-space phenomena in one dimension (transmission lines). Here the phenomena in more dimensions (static and dynamic electromagnetic fields) are treated. It is shown that many formulas in the field theory, which are often postulated in an inductive way as results of the experiments, and therefore appear as “deux ex machina” effects, can be mathematically deduced from a few starting equations.
Analog filter diagnosis using the oscillation based method
Authors: Andrejević Stošović Miona , Milić Miljana , Litovski Vanćo
Published: May 2018

Oscillation Based Testing (OBT) is an effective and simple solution to the testing problem of continuous time analogue electronic filters. In this paper, diagnosis based on OBT is described for the first time. It will be referred to as OBD. A fault dictionary is created and used to perform diagnosis with artificial neural networks (ANNs) implemented as classifiers. The robustness of the ANN diagnostic concept is also demonstrated by the addition of white noise to the “measured” signals. The implementation of the new concept is demonstrated by testing and diagnosis of a second order notch cell realized with one operational amplifier. Single soft and catastrophic faults are considered in detail and an example of the diagnosis of double soft faults is also given.
Application of independent component analysis for speech–music separation using an efficient score function estimation
Authors: Pishravian Arash , Aghabozorgi Sahaf Masoud Reza
Published: May 2018

In this paper speech-music separation using Blind Source Separation is discussed. The separating algorithm is based on the mutual information minimization where the natural gradient algorithm is used for minimization. In order to do that, score function estimation from observation signals (combination of speech and music) samples is needed. The accuracy and the speed of the mentioned estimation will affect on the quality of the separated signals and the processing time of the algorithm. The score function estimation in the presented algorithm is based on Gaussian mixture based kernel density estimation method. The experimental results of the presented algorithm on the speech-music separation and comparing to the separating algorithm which is based on the Minimum Mean Square Error estimator, indicate that it can cause better performance and less processing time
Semi–logarithmic and hybrid quantization of Laplacian source inwide range of variances
Authors: Savić Milan S. , Perić Zoran H. , Panić Stefan R. , Mosić Aleksandar V.
Published: May 2018

A novel semilogarithmic hybrid quantizer for non-uniform scalar quantization of Laplacian source, which consist of uniform quantizer and companding quantizer is introduced. Uniform quantizer has unit gain in area around zero. Companding quantizer is defined with a novel logarithm characteristic. Also an analysis of classic semilogarithmic A-law for various values of A parameter is provided. Comparation with classic semilogarithmic A-law is performed. The main advantage of hybrid quantizer is that number of representation levels for both uniform and companding quantizer are not unambiguously determined function of the A parameter value, as it is the case with classic semilogarithmic A companding characteristic. It is shown that by using hybrid quantizer, average of signal-to-quantization noise ratio SQNR quality obtained by using classic A companding law can be overachieved for 0.47 dB. Numbers of representation levels of hybrid quantizer are adapted to the input signal variances, in order to achieve high SQNR in a wide range of signal volumes (variances). By using this adaptation higher average SQNR quality of 2.52 dB could be achieved compared to classic A companding law. Forward adaptation of hybrid quantizer is analyzed and obtained performances correspond to adaptive classic A companding law case but possible advantage arises in simpler practical realization of hybrid quantizers. Obtained performances correspond to classic A-law companding case, because during the adaptation process, optimal values of parameter A are chosen. For each other A parameter values proposed hybrid quantizer provides better results. For value of A = 50 hybrid model has higher SQNR value for 0.79 dB
An advanced static var compensator based on a three level IGBT inverter modelling analysis and active power filtering
Authors: Draou Azeddine
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the dynamic performance analysis of an Advanced Static Var Compensator (ASVC) using three-level neutral point-clamped voltage source inverter. The paper presents the principles of operating and the method of reference currents generation. The dynamic behaviour of the system is further analysed using Matlab/Simulink with SimPower Systems toolbox through a set of simulation tests. The results obtained have been applied to an active power filter which might lead to the design of a robust controller for current harmonics and reactive power applications
Robust constrained MPC stabilization of a CSTR
Authors: Oravec Juraj , Bakošová Monika
Published: May 2018

The paper addresses a case study of robust stabilization of a continuous stirred tank reactor using robust model-based predictive control with constrained input variables. One exothermic reaction runs in the reaction mixture and the reactor is modelled in the form of an uncertain polytopic system. The control approach is based on solution of a set of linear matrix inequalities. This formulation enables to use convex optimization methods to design a gain matrix of a state feedback controller in each control step. The task of stabilization is solved in assumed control conditions with respect to symmetric constraints on control inputs. The control performance achieved by robust constrained model-based predictive control is studied via simulations. Obtained results confirm that the robust constrained model-based predictive control ensures the stability demands and the quality requirements represented by chosen quadratic cost function.
Preparation and properties of bioactive packaging materials on the starch base
Authors: Smítková Hana , Marek Miroslav , Dobiáš Jaroslav
Published: May 2018

In this study the surface adjustment by two polymers with addition of preservatives of chosen packaging material on starch base with incorporated additives has been investigated. Its bioactive function was verified by measuring zones of inhibition and mutual comparison of bacteriocin released from samples coated with polymers. The best results were achieved when chosen sample containing 15 % of sawdust, 5 % of PVOH and 2 % of calcium stearate was coated by 30 % of Kombilak L1917 solution or 10 % copolyamide 6/12 solution. The addition of antimicrobial agents slightly increased hydrophilicity of coated samples. Immobilization of preservative had no significant effect on the mechanical strength of coated samples. For both types of relevant polymers used amount of immobilized Nisaplin was quite sufficient for effective inhibition of microbial cultures Lactobacillus Helveticus CH1.
New Faunistic Records of Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) From Dobruja (Romania and Bulgaria)
Authors: Moscaliuc Liviu Aurel
Published: May 2018

A number of spider species were collected in 2011 and 2012 in various microhabitats in and around the village Letea (the Danube Delta, Romania) and on the Bulgarian Dobruja Black Sea coast. The results are the start of a proposed longer survey of the spider fauna in the area. The genus Spermophora Hentz, 1841 (with the species senoculata), Xysticus laetus Thorell, 1875 and Trochosahispanica Simon, 1870 are mentioned in the Romanian fauna for the first time. Floronia bucculenta (Clerck, 1757) is at the first record for the Bulgarian fauna. Diagnostic drawings and photographs are presented.
The Macrolepidoptera (Insecta) of Central Dobrogea (Romania)
Authors: Székely Levente
Published: May 2018

This study is a synthesis of the current knowledge regarding the Macrolepidoptera fauna from Central Dobrogea (south-eastern Romania) and it is based on the research done in the area since 2007. Most of the collecting has been done on salt steppes around the large lakes (sea lagoons) Razim (Razelm) and Sinoe (Histria, Plopu-Sarinasuf), but also in forested areas and rocky hills (Babadag Forest, Cheile Dobrogei, Gura Dobrogei, Cetatea Enisala etc.) from Central Dobrogea. The most remarkable results were obtained in the salt steppes (which have been very little studied before). From these areas, due to the research done in the last three years, three species of Noctuidae were published as new records for Romania: Cucullia argentina (Fabricius, 1787), Tarachidia candefacta (Hübner, [1831]) and Leucania punctosa (Treitschke, 1825). Furthermore, there have been found numerous very local and very rare species, which had previously been known in Romania based on very few individuals such as: Phyllodesma ilicifolia (Linnaeus, 1758), Hyles hippophaes (Esper, 1793), Dasycosa modesta (Staudinger, 1879), Megaspilates mundataria (Stoll, 1782), Idaea sericeata (Hübner, 1813), Paradrymonia vittata bulgarica de Freina, 1983, Grammodes bifasciata (Petagna, 1787), Symira dentinosa Freyer, 1839, Episema lederi Christoph, 1885, Saragossa siccanorum (Staudinger, 1870), Cardepia hartigi (Parenzan, 1981), Polia cherrug Rákosy & Wieser, 1997, Chersotis laeta macini Rákosy, Stangelmeier & Wieser, 1996, Chersotis fimbriola niculescui Rákosy, 1997, Diachrysia chryson deltaica Rákosy, 1996, Euxoa cos (Hübner, [1808]), Parocneria terebinthi (Freyer, 1838) etc. The species protected by Romanian and EU laws are commented. A total of 697 species of Macrolepidoptera from Central Dobrogea are listed. Ten species are new records for the fauna of Dobrogea and 237 species have been not reported previously in this geographical area.
Kopalińskie Lake as an example of an anthropogenic reservoir of the southern Baltic Sea coast
Authors: Cieśliński Roman , Olszewska Alicja
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study is to discuss the water balance of Kopalińskie Lake, which is one of a few reservoirs on the Polish coast formed from anthropogenic activity. To realize this aim, lake basin morphometry and catchment hydrography were characterized. Moreover, the influence of the sea and the physico-chemical characteristics of the lake water were defined. As a result, the main characteristics of the lake and its catchment were found. Common characteristics of Kopalińskie Lake, as well as the characteristics that differentiate this reservoir from the other coastal lakes located on the Polish coast are presented in this work.
RHYTHMIC MUSIC PEDAGOGY: A SCANDINAVIAN APPROACH TO MUSIC EDUCATION
Authors: Hauge Torunn Bakken
Published: May 2018

Rhythmic music pedagogy is a relatively new Scandinavian approach to classroom music education that offers a variety of methods and strategies for teaching and learning music, especially within the performance of improvised and rhythmic music. This article is based on two earlier projects published in Norwegian, in which the concept of rytmisk musikkpedagogikk (or “rhythmic music pedagogy”) as well as its applications and implications were thoroughly described. This research confirms that rhythmic music pedagogy may be an effective strategy for learning music in general, but most especially for learning skills associated with ensemble musicianship and playing by ear. In a multicultural and fluid society in which there are tendencies toward passivity and fragmentation, it may be more important than ever to maintain the idea of music as a collaborative creative process that extends across borders; in this context, rhythmic music pedagogy can play a central role in children’s social development. As a social medium, ensemble playing requires the participant to decentralize socially, since the perspectives of the other participants are necessary for a successful performance. The activity’s general potential for re-structuring social settings and moving boundaries in a positive way should not be underestimated.
Biometry of adult rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the Polish Carpathians: a preliminary study
Authors: Michalcewicz Jakub , Ciach Michał
Published: May 2018

.The body size of xylophagous beetles is determined by the host plant species, as well as by the amount and quality of breeding material. Consequently, the biometric traits of adults can be used as an indicator of the attractiveness of the breeding material and the quality of a habitat. The paper presents selected biometric traits of rosalia longicornRosalia alpina(L.) imagines in three populations from the Beskid Niski Mts (Carpathian Mts, south-eastern Poland). Two populations of this beetle from managed forests and one from a protected area in the Magura National Park were compared. The former developed on two different host plants (European beechFagus sylvaticaand wych elmUlmus glabra), the latter on European beech. No significant differences were found between the biometric traits of imagines from the three populations. No intersexual differences were found for the width of the pronotum in any of the populations, but females had longer elytra than males in all the populations. The lack of body size differences in these populations potentially indicates that this species occurs only in favourable habitat conditions. The limited species range and the patchy distribution of the rosalia longicorn are indications of its stringent habitat requirements and its dependence on forest management. Habitats supplying a sufficient amount and quality of suitable breeding material for the development of the rosalia longicorn should be protected.
Taxonomy and pollination ecology of Bombus rufofasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the Indian Himalaya
Authors: Saini Malkiat S. , Raina Rifat H. , Khan Zakir H.
Published: May 2018

Bombus rufofasciatusSMITH is a Tibetan species, widely distributed in the Oriental region. It is a medium tongued species abundant in both the north-east and north-west Indian Himalaya, covering an altitude range from 2400 to 4200 m. Because of its abundance and very wide distribution, it is associated with a sizeable number of host plants. Males and workers are similar in colour pattern, but the queen is a little different. The species shows a preference for highaltitude mountain slopes and is found in abundance in the open meadows of Affarwatt, Sheeshnag, Daksum, the Razdan Pass and the Lahul-spiti Valley of Himachal Pradesh in the north-western Himalaya. For preference it forages onAconitumspp. (Ranunculaceae),Trifoliumspp. (Papilionaceae),Cirsiumspp. (Asteraceae) and certain members of Lamiaceae. Due emphasis has been laid on its detailed taxonomic descriptions, synonymy, host plants, pollination ecology, distribution pattern and illustrations. 51 food plants of this species have been recorded for the first time from the areas under study.
Biting midges of the genus Stilobezzia KIEFFER, 1911 in Poland (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: Alwin Alicja , Szadziewski Ryszard
Published: May 2018

Three species of the genusStilobezziaKIEFFER, 1911 are reported from Poland:Stilobezzia antennalis(COQUILLETT, 1901),Stilobezzia gracilis(HALIDAY, 1833) andStilobezziaochracea(WINNERTZ, 1852). They are diagnosed and illustrated. A key for the determination of males and females of Central European species is also provided.Stilobezzia virescensKIEFFER, 1919 is recognized as a new junior synonym ofStilobezzia flavirostris(WINNERTZ, 1852).
Application of mosses to identification of emission sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons / Wykorzystanie mchów do identyfikacji źródeł emisji wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych
Authors: Ciesielczuk Tomasz , Olszowski Tomasz , Prokop Marcin , Kłos Andrzej
Published: May 2018

The moss Pleurozium schreberi was used to evaluate the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at Polish cemeteries on the All Saints' Day, when Poles traditionally light candles and candle lamps in memory of the deceased. Moss samples were exposed for 7 days at 4 cemeteries and, for comparison, in a city centre and in a rural area. During exposition, the mean content of 16 monitored PAHs in the samples increased by 455 ng/g at the cemeteries and by 689 ng g-1 in the city centre. In the rural area, the samples showed no statistically significant changes. PAHs whose content increased only in the moss samples exposed at the cemeteries included naphthalene, pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene together with benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene. The concentrations of other PAHs increased in samples exposed in the city centre and at two cemeteries located in the suburban areas. The results presented confirm the possibility of using mosses in biomonitoring of PAHs.
The Usefulness of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Modern Poultry Nutrition: a Review / Przydatność prebiotyków i probiotyków w nowoczesnym żywieniu drobiu – przegląd
Authors: Alloui Mohamed Nabil , Szczurek Witold , Świątkiewicz Sylwester
Published: May 2018

A probiotic is a culture of live microorganisms that can manipulate and maintain a beneficial microflora in the gut. Prebiotics are nondigestible feed ingredients that can positively affect the animal organism by stimulating the activity and growth of beneficial native bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and eliminate the pathogenic ones. Some studies have shown their beneficial effects when they have been used separately or simultaneously in the form of synbiotics, to obtain enhanced mutual effect. These supplements were proposed with success as alternatives to antibiotic growth-promoting feed additives but further studies are needed to better understand their mode of action and effects. This review article presents growing interest in using these antibiotic alternatives, the potential mechanism of their action in the live organism, and discusses some recent data on the effects of these supplements in poultry nutrition.
Circadian Activity of Dairy Ewes Kept Indoors / Aktywność dobowa maciorek mlecznych utrzymywanych w chowie alkierzowym
Authors: Kiełtyka-Kurc Agata , Rydel-Gigauri Joanna , Górecki Marcin T.
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to characterize the activity of Polish Milk Sheep 05 ewes housed in the indoor system. One group of 28 animals was observed. The observations lasted 227 hours and were conducted during day and night. The activity of each ewe was recorded every 10 minutes. The observed sheep rested for most of the day. Their activity increased at dawn, during milking (and feeding) and after green forage was provided in the afternoon. The time of feeding was mostly dependent on human activities. Rumination always occurred after the feed was offered. Sheep mainly slept lying down after milking and at night. REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep was observed. There were statistically significant (P≤0.05) differences in individual forms of behaviour (moving, standing, lying, feeding and ruminating) between different times of the day. In conclusion, the activity pattern of the indoor-housed ewes resembled that of pastured ruminants, but it was also strongly influenced by farm staff (milking, feeding, etc.).
Feeding Corn Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs) And Its Effect On Egg Quality And Performance Of Laying Hens / Zastosowanie DDGS z kukurydzy w żywieniu kur niosek i jego wpływ na jakość jaj i wyniki produkcyjne
Authors: Niemiec Jan , Riedel Julia , Szulc Tadeusz , Stępińska Małgorzata
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of corn DDGS as a feed ingredient on egg quality and performance of laying hens. The experiment was conducted in three feeding groups of 100 hens each (10 replicates of 10 layers). ISA Brown laying hens were administered a feed mixture containing 15% (E1) or 20% (E2) corn DDGS for 18 weeks. The hens from the control group (C) received a standard diet based on soybean meal as the main protein source only. Laying performance, average egg weight, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were recorded over the study period. Egg quality traits (egg weight, thick albumen quality, yolk colour, yolk content, shell content and shell thickness) were evaluated twice: at the start and at the end of the experiment. On both dates, all daily laid eggs from each group were analysed, i.e. 90, 93 and 92 eggs from groups C, E1 and E2, respectively at 31 weeks, and 92, 94 and 81 eggs, respectively at 48 weeks of age. Compared to the other groups, the hens from group E2 (20% DDGS) were characterized by a slight - though statistically significant (P≤0.01) - decrease in laying performance and by a higher FCR value. The content of DDGS in the feed mixture had no significant effect on mean egg weight nor on daily feed intake. At the end of the experiment, the eggs laid by the hens from group E2 were characterized by significantly poorer (P≤0.01) albumen and shell quality. Yolk colour in both experimental groups was significantly darker (P≤0.01) than in the C group. The 15% addition of corn distillers dried grains with solubles to feed mixtures for commercial flocks of laying hens is advisable. At corn DDGS addition exceeding 15%, a slight decrease in production results and deterioration in selected parameters of egg quality shall be expected.
Mixed noble gas effect on cut green peppers
Authors: Raymond L.V. , Zhang M. , Karangwa E. , Chesereka M.J.
Published: May 2018

Increasing attempts at using gas which leads to hydrate formation as a preservative tool in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables have been reported. In this study, changes in some physical and biochemical properties of fresh-cut green peppers under compressed noble gas treatments were examined. Mixed argonkrypton and argon treatments were performed before cold storage at 5°C for 15 days. Mass loss and cell membrane permeability were found to be the lowest in mixed argon-krypton samples. Besides, a lower CO2 concentration and vitamin C loss were detected in gastreated samples compared to untreated samples (control). While the total phenol degradation was moderately reduced, the effect of the treatment on polyphenoloxidase activity was better at the beginning of the storage period. The minimum changes in quality observed in cut peppers resulted from both mixed and gas treatment alone.
Internal Blocking Probability Calculation in Switching Networks with Additional Inter-Stage Links and Mixture of Erlang and Engset Traffic
Authors: Gła̧bowski Mariusz , Stasiak Michał Dominik
Published: May 2018

In the article a new analytical approximate method for modeling multi-service switching networks with overflow links is proposed. The method can be used for blocking probability calculation in switching networks that are offered multi-service traffic generated by finite and infinite number of sources, i.e., in switching networks with multi-service Engset traffic, in switching networks with multiservice Erlang traffic, as well as in multi-service switching networks with Erlang and Engset traffic. The simulation study performed proves high accuracy of the method proposed and confirms the correctness and validity of all adopted theoretical assumptions.
Usage of Digital Image Correlation in Analysis of Cracking Processes
Authors: Marciniak Beata , Marciniak Tomasz , Lutowski Zbigniew , Bujnowski Sławomir
Published: May 2018

In this paper, the analysis of the possibilities of using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) based on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) for strain analysis in fatigue cracking processes is presented. The basic assumption for the discussed displacement and strain measurement method under time variable loads was obtaining high measurement sensitivity by simultaneously minimizing the measurement time consumption. For this purpose special computing procedures based on multiprocessor graphic cards were developed, which significantly reduced the total time of displacement and strain analysis. The developed digital procedure for correlation of images has been used for an example of displacement analysis in the method of fatigue crack propagation testing in airplane riveted joints. In this paper are presented the results of the researches of the team run by professor Antoni Zabłudowski
Modified NDR Structures
Authors: Zabłudowski Łukasz , Dubalski Bożydar , Kiedrowski Piotr , Ledziński Damian , Marciniak Tomasz
Published: May 2018

In this paper, the analysis of the properties of modified Network double Ring (NdR) topologies has been presented. The special type of these structures, namely optimal and ideal graph, has been defined. The basic parameters (diameter and average path length) were calculated and described by formulas which make possible evaluate these parameters for any NdR graph without experiments, next the comparison of the analyzing structures has been carry out
A Survey on Chordal Rings, N2R and Other Related Topologies
Authors: Pedersen Jens Myrup , Zabłudowski Antoni , Gutierrez Jose , Ledziński Damian , Dubalski Bożydar
Published: May 2018

In this short paper we summarize the main results of 10 years of research on network topologies carried out jointly at Aalborg University (AAU), Aalborg, Denmark, and University of Life Science (UTP), Bydgoszcz, Poland. The starting points are the Chordal Rings, which were mainly studied in UTP, and the N2R which were studied at AAU. From here the universities have collaborated intensely, and studied a number of alternatives and variations of the original topologies, based on methodologies developed both independently and jointly over time. This paper gives an overview of the work done, and provides appropriate references to the work for further details. The paper is presented as a tribute to Professor and Dean Antoni Zabłudowski who passed away during 2012.
Evaluation of Synthetic Gypsum Recovered via Wet Flue-Gas Desulfurization from Electric Power Plants for Use in Foundries
Authors: Biernacki R. , Haratym R. , Kwapisz J.
Published: May 2018

This article investigates possible use of waste gypsum (synthetic), recovered via flue-gas desulfurization from coal-fired electric power plants, in foundries. Energy sector, which in Eastern Europe is mostly composed from coal-fired electric power plants, is one of the largest producers of sulfur dioxide (SO2).

In order to protect the environment and reduce the amount of pollution flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is used to remove SO2 from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants. As a result of this process gypsum waste is produced that can be used in practical applications.

Strength and permeability tests have been made and also in-depth analysis of energy consumption of production process to investigate ways of preparing the synthetic gypsum for casting moulds application. This paper also assesses the chemical composition, strength and permeability of moulds made with synthetic gypsum, in comparison with moulds made with traditional GoldStar XL gypsum and with ceramic molds. Moreover examination of structure of synthetic gypsum, the investigations on derivatograph and calculations of energy consumption during production process of synthetic gypsum in wet flue-gas desulfurization were made.

After analysis of gathered data it’s possible to conclude that synthetic gypsum can be used as a material for casting mould. There is no significant decrease in key properties, and on the other hand there is many additional benefits including low energy consumption, decreased cost, and decreased environmental impact.
New Look at the Process of Reclamation of Moulding Sands
Authors: Dobosz S.M. , Major-Gabryś K. , Hosadyna M.
Published: May 2018

This paper presents a new perspective on the issue of reclamation of moulding and core sands. Taking as a premise that the reclamation process must remain on the surface of grains some not separated binding materials rests, it should be chosen the proper moulding sand’s composition that will be least harmful for the reclaim quality. There are two different moulding and core sands taken into examinations. The researches prove that a small correction of their compositions (hardener type) improves the quality of the received reclaims. Carried out in this article studies have shown that such an approach to the problem of reclamation of the moulding and core sands is needed and reasonable.
Studies on The Renewability of Polymeric Binders for Foundry
Authors: Grabowska B. , Kaczmarska K. , Bobrowskia A.
Published: May 2018

In this paper the results of studies of polymeric binders on the example of the new BioCo2 binder, including the problem of its renewability, are presented. The results of structural studies (FT-IR) for the BioCo2 binder before and after crosslinking, and bending strength tests Rg u fresh and renewed cured molding sands with BioCo2 binder are discussed. The cross-linking binder and curring of moulding sand was carried out by physical agents (microwave radiation, temperature). On the basis of obtained results was shown that it is possible to restore the initial properties of the adhesive of BioCo2 binder. The initial properties of moulding sand can be achieved, after the cross-linking binders and after curing in the moulding sands with bioCo2 binder , by supplementing the moulding sand composition by the appropriate amount of water.
Preliminary Research on Granulation Process of Dust Waste from Reclamation Process of Moulding Sands with Furan Resin
Authors: Kamińska J. , Dańko J.
Published: May 2018

The results of investigations of the granulation process of foundry dusts generated in the dry mechanical reclamation process of used sands, where furan resins were binders are presented in the paper. Investigations concerned producing of granules of the determined dimensions and strength parameters.

Granules were formed from the dusts mixture consisting in 50 mass% of dusts obtained after the reclamation of the furane sands and in 50 mass % of dusts from sands with bentonite. Dusts from the bentonite sands with water were used as a binder allowing the granulation of after reclamation dusts from the furane sands.

The following parameters of the ready final product were determined: moisture content (W), shatter test of granules (Wz) performed directly after the granulation process and after 1, 3, 5, 10 days and nights of seasoning, water-resistance of granules after 24 hours of being immersed in water, surface porosity ep and volumetric porosity ev. In addition the shatter test and water-resistance of granulate dried at a temperature of 105°C were determined.

Investigations were performed at the bowl angle of inclination 45°, for three rotational speeds of the bowl being: 10, 15, 20 rpm.

For the speed of 10 rpm the granulation tests of dusts mixture after the preliminary mixing in the roller mixer and with the addition of water-glass in the amount of 2% in relation to the amount of dust were carried out.

The obtained results indicate that the granulator allows to obtain granules from dusts originated from the reclamations of moulding sands with the furane resin with an addition of dusts from the bentonite sands processing plants.
Damping Properties vs. Structure Fineness of the High-zinc Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Krajewskia W.K. , Haberl-Faerberb K. , Buras J. , Krajewski P.K.
Published: May 2018

The subject of this study is the presentation of relation between the degree of structure fineness and ultrasonic wave damping coefficient for the high-zinc aluminium alloys represented in this study by the sand mould cast alloy Al - 20 wt% Zn (AlZn20). The studied alloy was refined with a modifying (Al,Zn)-Ti3 ternary master alloy, introducing Ti in the amount of 400 pm into metal. Based on the analysis of the initial and modified alloy macrostructure images and ultrasonic testing, it was found that the addition of (Al,Zn)-Ti3 master alloy, alongside a significant fragmentation of grains, does not reduce the coefficient of ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 1 MHz.
Applying RP-FDM Technology to Produce Prototype Castings Using the Investment Casting Method
Authors: Macků M. , Horáček M.
Published: May 2018

The research focused on the production of prototype castings, which is mapped out starting from the drawing documentation up to the production of the casting itself. The FDM method was applied for the production of the 3D pattern. Its main objective was to find out what dimensional changes happened during individual production stages, starting from the 3D pattern printing through a silicon mould production, wax patterns casting, making shells, melting out wax from shells and drying, up to the production of the final casting itself. Five measurements of determined dimensions were made during the production, which were processed and evaluated mathematically. A determination of shrinkage and a proposal of measures to maintain the dimensional stability of the final casting so as to meet requirements specified by a customer were the results.
Microwave Absorption by Used Moulding and Core Sands
Authors: Nowak D. , Stachowicz M. , Granat K. , Pigiel M.
Published: May 2018

The paper presents measurement results of standing wave ratio to be used as an efficiency indicator of microwave absorption by used moulding and core sands chosen for the microwave utilization process. The absorption measurements were made using a prototype stand of microwave slot line. Examined were five used moulding and core sands. It was demonstrated that the microwave absorption measurements can make grounds for actual microwave utilization of moulding and core sands.
Influence of Blowing of Argon on the Cleanness of Steel
Authors: Pribulová A.
Published: May 2018

The mechanical properties of steel components are controlled by the chemical composition and mechanical treatment to which the steel is submitted. Non-metallic inclusions have a very high influence on the steel quality but secondary metallurgy enables to reduce their content in the steel. Possibilities of secondary metallurgy are relatively extensive but financial situation in Slovak foundries does not enable to make investments in secondary metallurgy in the near future. Accessible means for influencing of steel quality is injection of an inert gas.

Main goal of experiments described in the article was verify the influence of blowing of argon into the steel in an electric induction furnace on its cleanness. Duration and flow-rate of argon blowing have a very clearly influence on the final content of non-metallic inclusions. Minimum time of argon blowing necessary for reducing of content of non-metallic inclusions in one tonne electric induction furnace was more than 6 minutes and recommended argon flow rate was 10 litters per minute.
Influence of Addition of Briquettes with Dust Content into the Charge of Electric Induction Furnace on Cast Iron Quality
Authors: Pribulová A. , Futáš P.
Published: May 2018

Foundry dust from blasting and grinding of castings contain a high amount of iron, ergo it is possible its recycling in foundry process. Dust was compacted by briquetting, two kinds of briquettes were prepared (A contained 95% magnetic part of dust from casting blasting +5% bentonite and B contained 95% mixture of dust from casting grinding and magnetic part of dust from casting blasting + 5% bentonite) and used as a part of charge into the electric induction furnace. It was found that addition of briquettes has had an influence of a chemical composition of cast iron above all on content of sulphur, phosphorus and silicon. It was not reflected in decrease in tensile strength and in microstructure. Yield of metal from briquettes was not lower then 70%.
Comparison of Energy Consumption in the Classical (PID) and Fuzzy Control of Foundry Resistance Furnace
Authors: Ziółkowskia E. , Śmierciak P.
Published: May 2018

Foundry resistance furnaces are thermal devices with a relatively large time delay in their response to a change in power parameters. Commonly used in automation classical PID controllers do not meet the requirements of high-quality control. Developed in recent years, fuzzy control theory is increasingly being used in various branches of economy and industry. Fuzzy controllers allow to introduce new developments in control systems of foundry furnaces as well. Correctly selected fuzzy controller can significantly reduce energy consumption in a controlled thermal process of heating equipment. The article presents a comparison of energy consumption by control system of foundry resistance furnace, equipped with either a PID controller or fuzzy controller optimally chosen.
139 Assessment Criteria of Bentonite Binding Properties
Authors: Żymankowska-Kumon S.
Published: May 2018

The criteria, with which one should be guided at the assessment of the binding properties of bentonites used for moulding sands, are proposed in the paper. Apart from the standard parameter which is the active bentonite content, the unrestrained growth indicator should be taken into account since it seems to be more adequate in the estimation of the sand compression strength. The investigations performed for three kinds of bentonites, applied in the Polish foundry plants, subjected to a high temperature influences indicate, that the pathway of changes of the unrestrained growth indicator is very similar to the pathway of changes of the sand compression strength. Instead, the character of changes of the montmorillonite content in the sand in dependence of the temperature is quite different. The sand exhibits the significant active bentonite content, and the sand compression strength decreases rapidly. The montmorillonite content in bentonite samples was determined by the modern copper complex method of triethylenetetraamine (Cu(II)-TET). Tests were performed for bentonites and for sands with those bentonites subjected to high temperatures influences in a range: 100-700°C.