bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADAPTATION OF THE ALGORITHM FOR DETECTING ANOMALIES IN TIME SERIES FOR NON-STATIONARY STREAMING DATA
Authors: Moiseienko O.
Published: October 2024

Detection of anomalies in streaming time series data has become an important research topic due to the wide range of possible applications, including the detection of extreme weather conditions, malicious attacks on protected facilities, monitoring unauthorised gas and oil leaks, illegal pipeline connections, power cable faults, and water and other environmental pollution. Rapid detection of abnormal conditions and identifying these critical events is essential to protect lives and assets. Therefore, developing appropriate systems and detection methods is an urgent task.
Anomaly detection in streaming data is challenging due to its large volume and high speed, presence of noise, and non-stationarity of the signal (or ‘concept drift’). The latter significantly complicates the identification of differences between new ‘typical’ behaviour and abnormal events.
Solving this problem requires the algorithm for processing such data to learn and adapt to changing conditions.
The paper proposes a modification of the algorithm for detecting anomalies in time series. This algorithm provides early detection of abnormal series in a massive collection of non-stationary streaming time series data. Anomalies are observations that are highly improbable given the previous time series values. The proposed approach is based on the primary detection of the predictive limit for the typical system behaviour using the theory of extreme values, followed by checking for the abnormality of the following series using the sliding window technique. The time series parameters are used as input data and compared by density distribution to detect any significant changes in the distribution of the characteristics. It allows the decision-making model to automatically adapt to the changing environment according to detected changes.
Since anomalies are, by definition, exceptions to the typical behaviour of a system, most of the available stored data should reflect that typical behaviour of the system in question. It is unnecessary to have representative samples of all possible types of the standard behaviour of a given system for the algorithm to work well. The basic idea is to have a warm-up data set to obtain initial values for the decision model parameters. It makes it possible to determine if there is any significant difference between the last typical behaviour and the new typical behaviour.
The proposed algorithm demonstrates its performance under conditions of noisy non-stationary data in several time series classes.
Keywords: concept drift, extreme value theory, multivariate time series, outlier detection.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF FACTORS OF INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF REGIONAL LANDS
Authors: Radzinska Yu. , Bahin M. , Goi V. , Frolov V.
Published: October 2024

The transformations in land relations at the regional level and the growth of crisis phenomena regarding land use require a rethinking of approaches to ensure land investment attractiveness. In the modern context, land resources at the regional level are one of the main components that influence the processes of reforming local self-government and creating conditions for forming the basis for territorial development. In addition, attracting domestic and foreign investments and ensuring the efficiency of land use are becoming vital to improving the investment attractiveness of land. Moreover, to implement this process, it is necessary to create a quantitative basis for decision-making and secure investment attractiveness based on mathematical modelling.
The study reached the goal of determining the directions and features of mathematical modelling of investment attractiveness factors of regional lands. At the same time, it has achieved the following objectives: to characterise the method of mathematical modelling; to present the results of the application of mathematical modelling of factors of the investment attractiveness of the lands of the regions.
As a result of mathematical modelling, we established cause-and-effect relationships between systemic factors and the integral indicator of the level of investment attractiveness of the lands of the regions. It made it possible to form a quantitative basis for forecasting changes in the integral indicator and to develop measures to increase the level of investment attractiveness of land, accounting for the peculiarities of the formation and use of spatial, economic, urban planning, environmental, innovative, security, and legal support.
Processes of mathematical modelling of investment attractiveness factors of regional lands based on correlation-regression analysis and model adequacy criteria, which, in contrast to the existing ones, allowed for establishing cause-and-effect relationships between indicators of investment attractiveness, gained further development.
Keywords: land use, investment attractiveness of land, regions, mathematical modelling.
EFFICIENCY OF OPERATION OF THE FIRE SAFETY SUBSYSTEM OF THE HYDROGEN STORAGE AND SUPPLY SYSTEM
Authors: Abramov Yu. , Kryvtsova V. , Mykhailiuk A.
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen may become one of the most valuable energy carriers in the 21st century. A big step to this is the safe, compact, and cost-effective storage of hydrogen provided by hydrogen storage systems (HSS). One of the operating system elements of the hydrogen storage and supply system is its fire safety subsystem. The effectiveness of such a subsystem’s functioning depends on a conditional probability that this subsystem correctly recognises the actual state of the hydrogen storage and supply system. We carry out the formalisation of the operation of the fire safety subsystem of the hydrogen storage and supply system in the form of a graph of its states. The study considers three modes of operation of such a subsystem: control, testing, and self-control. We build a weight matrix of the fire safety subsystem states. Its elements include the intensity of transitions from one state to another, the recovery intensity, and the completeness of control and testing. The study shows that the roots of the system of Kolmogorov equations determine the efficiency of the functioning of the fire safety subsystem of the hydrogen storage and supply system. We represent this system of equations in matrix form, with the main matrix having a size of 8×7. Next, we obtain expressions for the roots of such a system of comparisons and construct an expression for the efficiency of the fire safety subsystem’s functioning of the hydrogen storage and supply system. This expression applies to all three modes of operation of such a fire safety subsystem. The considered typical modes of operation of the fire safety subsystem of the hydrogen storage and supply system are control mode, control mode with self-control, and control and testing mode. For each of these modes, we obtain expressions that describe their effectiveness. It is necessary to note that the magnitudes of recovery intensities, in contrast to transition intensities, can vary. We further provide an example of choosing the intensities of restoration of the subsystem during its control using the acceptance criterion for the probability of finding the subsystem in a state corresponding to the fire-hazardous state of the hydrogen storage and supply system.
Keywords: fire safety, efficiency, hydrogen storage and supply system.
QUEUING SYSTEM WITH BULK SERVICE AS A MODEL OF SCTP PROTOCOL FUNCTIONING
Authors: Litvinov A. , Bredikhin V.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of developing a model for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol functioning as a queuing system with bulk service. It constructs a graph of states and transitions for deriving linear and differential equation systems regarding the state probabilities. We obtain explicit solutions to analyse the basic SCTP functioning.
Keywords: computer network, protocol, probabilistic model, queuing system, bulk service.
DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CYCLING INFRASTRUCTURE IN CITIES
Authors: Fomenko H.
Published: October 2024

When forming bicycle infrastructure development programmes, it is necessary to consider the peculiarities of a particular city and the population’s propensity to improve physical and health conditions. It is also essential to explore the possibility of introducing the bicycle into the urban transport system and using it to travel around the city and transport small loads. In most major cities around the world, the objectives of bicycle infrastructure development are often the tasks of easing the traffic load on the road network and reducing traffic congestion.
The article aims at analysing the international experience of forming and developing cycling and infrastructure in cities and cycling tourism.
The experience of using bicycle traffic most often begins in cities where cycling is very active, among them Amsterdam and Copenhagen. In the Netherlands, the bike has historically been popular due to the frugality of the Dutch, as well as the flat terrain and small size of the country. Amsterdam has brought the bicycle use level in urban travel to 40% of total trips.
Montreal is the most bicycle-friendly city in North America. Cars still dominate there, but despite the hilly terrain and cold and snowy winters, the city is actively developing bicycle infrastructure and culture.
The programme to bring bicycling back to the streets of Beijing deserves special attention. As recently as 45 years ago, the bicycle was a primary means of transportation in China. In the 1990s, the automobile became a symbol of success and affluence, and city governments began restricting bicycle traffic to allow cars to pass. A 2002 report by the Beijing Institute of Transportation included special measures to limit the use of bicycles and other forms of ‘inadequate transportation’. By 2009, the city banned non-motorised vehicles from 10% of its streets.
The document ‘Sustainable Future of Cycling’ in the UK presents the results of the Cycling England programmes, which aim to promote cycling and increase the number of cyclists. There are separate cycling infrastructure development strategies for England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
Many cities in Ukraine have developed a concept of bicycle infrastructure development. The main direction is the creation of a complete bicycle infrastructure in cities, which will improve traffic safety, lower traffic jams in large cities, and certainly contribute to reducing hazardous harmful emissions into the air.
Keywords: urban planning, transportation, cycling infrastructure, traffic safety, environment, health improvement.
METHOD OF ASSESSING THE CHANGE IN DESIGN PARAMETERS OF PRECISION ROTARY SYSTEMS BY THE PHASE SHIFT OF THE VIBRATION STATE
Authors: Lus V.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the issue of precision rotary systems (PRS) and the relationship between their dissipative characteristics and changes in design parameters, which is applicable for assessing the quality of their assembly and diagnosing objects in general.
We identified a dynamic model, the dissipative parameters of which sufficiently accurately reflect the local properties of the structure. The question of assessing the quality of assembly by dissipative parameters comes down to the choice of the diagnostic sign that is most suitable for this case and the method of its measurement. Such a sign is a phase shift between the disturbance force and the vibration velocity. From this point of view, phase-frequency measurement methods are generally more accurate, which allows using the advantages of precise hardware methods to obtain information to the fullest extent.
The proposed variation ratio, which connects the changes in a real object’s phase vector of the mechanical impedance (PVMI) and the deviation of the dissipative parameters of its mathematical model, makes it possible to diagnose the dissipative parameters with a sufficient accuracy degree. The considered numerical example of a partial assembly of precision rotary systems confirms the accuracy of the calculation.
Thus, the proposed variation ratio, which connects the changes in the PVMI of a real object and the deviation of the dissipative parameters of its mathematical model, allows for the diagnosis of the dissipative parameters with a sufficient accuracy degree. The considered numerical example of a partial assembly of the PRS confirms the accuracy of the calculation. This fact is of particular importance in manufacturing aviation and space technology products. We should also note that the existing analysis methods do not provide an opportunity to form an idea about the nature of the total measured signal and its structure. Therefore, the work solves the task of developing a method for diagnosing the controlled technical condition of a rotary electromechanical system based on the selection of the most informative ranges of the output signal to increase the reliability of diagnosis.
Keywords: oscillatory system, dissipative properties, mathematical model, phase angle, impedance, sensitivity matrix.
MONITORING OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION WITH TRITIUM AFTER A RADIATION ACCIDENT AT A RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL SITE
Authors: Vorobiov O. , Yurchenko V. , Reshetchenko A.
Published: October 2024

The article analyses the data of long-term monitoring of the level of tritium contamination of groundwater in the area of the radioactive waste disposal site. Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, a soft beta emitter. The impressive effect of tritium is due to the biological significance of the molecules into which it incorporates. Radioactive waste storage facilities store a lot of tritium-rich radioactive waste of various origins, a potential tritium source entering the natural environment. Any tritium released appears as tritium water (water that contains tritium in its molecules). Nowadays, the problem of tritium contamination of water ecosystems in the radioactive waste storage facilities’ areas can be considered one of the main issues in radioecology. The study aims to assess the level of safety of underground water in the radioactive waste disposal site area by the level of tritium content based on long-term monitoring data.
The object of the study was the content of tritium in the underground water of the first aquifer in the territory of the radioactive waste disposal site (strict regime zone, sanitary and protective zone, and in underground waters of wells outside and in surface water bodies of the natural environment). We tested the tritium activity in water samples using the Triathler 425-034 liquid scintillation radiometer.
In 1997, a radiation accident occurred at the radioactive waste disposal site. It led to the penetration of tritium into the first aquifer. Work has been underway to eliminate the accident. Modernisation of the system of wells for monitoring the underground water tritium contamination level also took place. As a result of the performed works, the radiation situation in the accident area has stabilised, and contamination of the aquifer due to the inflow of surface contaminated water from radioactive waste storage facilities has completely stopped.
The results of long-term monitoring of tritium content in water of boreholes and wells and natural objects (reservoirs) located outside the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise showed that 27 years after the radiation accident, the radiation situation in the studied area is stable. The total activity of tritium in the aquifer of the monitoring wells is decreasing and has now reached the regulatory level in all but three wells. The concentration of tritium in underground waters (wells) and surface waters (reservoirs) outside the sanitary and protective zone has never exceeded the environmentally safe level during the monitoring period. At present, 89% of the studied monitoring sites (boreholes, natural reservoirs, wells) have tritium content that is within the environmentally safe range.
Keywords: radioactive waste disposal site, radiation accident, tritium, aquifers, monitoring, environmental safety.
TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PRODUCTION OF EPOXY ASPHALT CONCRETE BY ADDING CARBON ADDITIVES
Authors: Atynian A. , Butnik S. , Hovorukha I.
Published: October 2024

Epoxy asphalt concrete is a durable, high-quality material consisting of epoxy resins, hardeners, and the mineral part itself. Accordingly, slow-hardening epoxy asphalt concrete has high physical properties and low sensitivity to temperature changes, which makes it usable as a rigid pavement and applicable even on metal and concrete bridge decks. However, a downside of epoxy asphalt concrete is its ability to gain strength over a long period of operation (up to 1 year). It is a disadvantage when using such coatings in the upper layer of the road surface. In addition, a long period of strength gain during intensive use of the road pavement leads to critical destruction of the pavement itself, plastic deformation, and a reduction in the service life (which may differ much from the standard). Using metal fibre substantially increases the strength and keeps the area from collapsing. The use of metal elements can significantly reduce the performance of the tires of vehicles that will drive on the road and even create a hazard in the event of destruction of the epoxy asphalt concrete area. Using epoxy binders notably increases the strength characteristics of road materials, especially at high temperatures, and boosts their ability to resist rutting. At the same time, the characteristics of epoxy concrete do not decrease during operation and at low temperatures, which indicates the versatility of such a material. The only drawback that cancels out all the positive features of epoxy asphalt concrete is its long strength gain. This disadvantage not only led to the problems mentioned above but also delayed the opening of traffic, which, especially on roads of higher categories, caused traffic disruption and inconvenience to the movement of vehicles. The authors proposed a solution to this problem by developing an improved epoxy asphalt concrete composition by introducing fibre ash into the developed composition as a reinforcing and structuring additive that accelerates the pavement formation time and strengthens the asphalt matrix in epoxy asphalt concrete.
Keywords: epoxy asphalt concrete, additive, fibre, fly ash, combustion products.
The Study of Current Legislative Statement of Organ Transplantation
Authors:   Lieutenant Colonel, Director of the General Hospital for the State Special Servants, Ph.D student at the University of Internal Affairs of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia., Khurelbaatar Bat-Ireedui
Published: October 2024

The main purpose of our research highlights a lack of awareness about donor laws, inadequate implementation, and critical challenges that require legal reform, enhanced support for donors, and better training for healthcare professionals. The legislative framework for organ transplantation varies widely across Asian countries, reflecting differences in cultural, ethical, and legal perspectives. Organ transplantation involves transferring organs, tissues, or cells from donors to recipients, with a significant global demand surpassing the available supply. Biomedical ethics, as outlined by Beauchamp and Childress, and further examined by Veatch and Harris, provide a framework for addressing the moral dilemmas associated with transplantation. In Mongolia, the organ transplantation framework is guided by international standards, though there are gaps in legislation, social welfare, and insurance coverage, which impact the effectiveness of the transplant system.
Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of the Formation of Management Reporting on the Enterprise's Innovation Capital
Authors:   Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Berehove, Ukraine, Makarovych Viktoriia
Published: October 2024

In the conditions of a high level of development of information systems based on technologies of distributed data processing, the use of artificial intelligence, Big Data and intelligent data analysis, the process of creating management reporting is a complex analytical toolkit that allows accountants to create reports with the necessary indicators in various formats, according with different time parameters and different level of detail based on the generalization and analysis of data from multiple internal and external sources. The article aims to improve the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of management reporting on the innovative capital of the enterprise. The author formulated and substantiated the procedure for the formation of management reporting on the innovative capital of the enterprise, which consists of three main directions: 1) Improvement of the system of the enterprise's management accounting objects; 2) Application of management accounting methods to the innovative capital of the enterprise; 3) Improvement of management reporting on the enterprise's innovative capital. Approaches to understanding management reporting in modern conditions of the development of information and computer technologies are highlighted and analyzed. The study results show that management reporting on innovation capital broadly is a set of specialized internal reports and other forms of presentation, visualization, and transfer of internal information (information panels, dashboards of individual indicators) about innovative activity to persons who make management decisions. It was found that the specifics of the innovative activity of enterprises and the use of various approaches to the organization of its management systems (models and methods of decision-making by innovative management) make it impossible to develop a single standardized form of management reporting on innovative capital. The article describes the mechanisms for setting up and using the enterprise's management reports from the basic set available in the BAS ERP information system ("Management balance sheet", "Revenues and expenses", "Financial results", standard reports) to disclose relevant information about the enterprise's innovative activities for the needs and requests of innovative management. A General Report on the "Innovative Balanced Scorecard" and a dashboard for the "Return on Investment in Innovation (ROII)" indicator in the BSC Designer software product have been developed for business entities.
The Fiscal Ramifications of Fraud – New Trends and Dimensions
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, Mititelu Roxana Adriana , Amzuică Bogdan Florian ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Published: October 2024

New fraud trends and dimensions have emerged due to the fast-paced evolution of the digital ecosystem, posing particular difficulties for stakeholders. This research examines new dimensions of fraud, specifically, whether financial losses from fraud are greater when it involves cryptocurrencies than traditional means like bank transfers and credit cards. This study aimed to investigate the financial effects and outcomes of fraud in these specific fields. In addition, the study evaluated influencer marketing and NFT (Non-Fungible Token) fraud trends. The study employed a quantitative design. The authors used descriptive statistics to check trends, while an ANOVA test was used to check whether there were mean differences. Only bank transfers registered a higher amount lost than cryptocurrency, according to descriptive statistics; the other payment methods – cash or cash advances, checks, credit cards, debit cards, gift cards or reload cards, money orders, payment apps, and wire transfers – all registered losses that were significantly lower than cryptocurrency's total loss. However, a posthoc test used after an ANOVA reveals no significant difference in the amount lost between cryptocurrency and the other payment methods. The investigation also showed that, between 2019 and 2021, the majority of Instagram mega-influencers with more than a million international followers used fraudulent practices to fictitiously increase their engagement and follower counts. Mega-fraudsters made up 66.77% of all influencers in 2020; by 2021, that percentage had fallen to about 62.87%. In 2021, fraud was committed by influencers to the tune of 49.23% on average. Between 2020 and 2021, there was also a rising trend in NFT fraud. Loss of stakeholder funds, the obliteration of revenue streams, and the erosion of confidence are a few consequences of new fraud tendencies. Preventive measures are needed, such as improved verification processes, open policies, and industry collaboration, to lessen these risks and ensure the influencer marketing ecosystem's long-term viability.
Tagraxofusp in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed and / or refractory multiple myeloma shows encouraging preliminary efficacy with a manageable safety profile
Authors: Richardson Paul , Htut Myo , Scott Emma , Prada Claudia Paba , Gupta Ira
Published: October 2024

Not available.
Pirtobrutinib monotherapy in Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor-intolerant patients with B-cell malignancies: results of the phase I/II BRUIN trial
Authors: Shah Nirav N. , Wang Michael , Roeker Lindsey E. , Patel Krish , Woyach Jennifer A. , Wierda William G. , Ujjani Chaitra S. , Eyre Toby A. , Inzani Pier Luigi Z , Alencar Alvaro J. , Ghia Paolo , Lamanna Nicole , Hoffmann Marc S. , Patel Manish R. , Flinn Ian , Gerson James N. , Ma Shuo , Coombs Catherine C. , Cheah Chan Y. , Lech-Maranda Ewa , Fakhri Bita , Kim Won Seog , Barve Minal A. , Cohen Jonathon B. , Jurczak Wojciech , Munir Talha , Thompson Meghan C. , Tsai Donald E. , Bao Katherine , Cangemi Nicholas A. , Kherani Jennifer F. , Walgren Richard A. , Han Hongmei , Ruppert Amy S. , Brown Jennifer R.
Published: October 2024

Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) have transformed the treatment of B-cell malignancies, but intolerance has often led to their discontinuation. The phase 1/2 BRUIN study evaluated pirtobrutinib, a highly selective non-covalent (reversible) BTKi, in patients with R/R B-cell malignancies (NCT03740529). Pirtobrutinib was investigated in 127 patients with intolerance to at least one prior BTKi therapy in the absence of progressive disease. The most common adverse event (AE) leading to BTKi discontinuation was cardiac disorders (n=40, 31.5%), specifically atrial fibrillation (n=30, 23.6%). The median follow-up was 17.4 months and the median time on pirtobrutinib was 15.3 months. The most common reasons for pirtobrutinib discontinuation were progressive disease (26.8%), AE (10.2%), or death (5.5%). The most frequent treatment-emergent AEs were fatigue (39.4%) and neutropenia (37.0%). Among patients who discontinued a prior BTKi for a cardiac issue, 75% had no recurrence of their cardiac AE. No patient discontinued pirtobrutinib for the same AE that led to discontinuation of the prior BTKi. In 78 CLL/SLL and 21 MCL patients intolerant to prior BTKi, ORR to pirtobrutinib was 76.9% and 81.0%, respectively. Median PFS for CLL/SLL was 28.4 months and was not estimable for MCL. These results suggest that pirtobrutinib was safe, well-tolerated, and an efficacious option in patients with prior BTKi-intolerance.
T-cell clones of uncertain significance. When is the rogue clone dangerous?
Authors: Semenzato Gianpietro , Teramo Antonella , Calabretto Giulia , Zambello Renato
Published: October 2024

T cell large granular lymphocyte clones that persist over time and that exhibit molecular and immunophenotypic features closely resembling those of T-cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia (T-LGLL) may be detectable in individuals who lack any clinical or laboratory features supporting a diagnosis of T-cell malignancy. This condition represents a potential precursor state termed T cell clones of uncertain significance (T-CUS). T-CUS represents the even more benign extreme of the wide spectrum of clonal T- large granular lymphocyte proliferations, emphasizing the need for an appropriate multiparametric diagnostic assessment that avoids misdiagnosis of T-cell neoplasia. This approach should overcome the numerical cut-offs as the sole criteria to differentiate the benign condition from the related malignancies. In particular, genomic aberrancies might prospectively identify individuals who are at risk of progression to full blown T-cell malignancy. We herein discuss the significance of these T cell clones in both healthy and disease states suggesting molecular assays for tracking early steps of disease.
A mechanism investigation on the influence of scaling effect on transonic rotor tip loss in gas turbine
Authors:   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aerothermodynamics, Beihang University, Gong Tianyu , Yuan Wei ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aerothermodynamics, Beihang University
Published: October 2024

It is not practicable to test the J class heavy-duty gas turbine compressors on-site due to the geometrical limits and power threshold of the test rig. Researchers have applied geometric scaled-down techniques during the verification process to deliver this issue. This research aims to gain a deeper understanding of the tip loss mechanism between the scaled-up and the prototype models. The three-dimensional numerical simulation RANS method is applied. Some conclusions can be drawn that with the increase of the scaling factors, the tip relative boundary layer thickness becomes thinner causing the shock wave stronger. When the scaling factor is large enough and the tip clearance is also large enough, the shock waves and tip leakage vortices interfere with each other which causes the tip leakage vortices breakdown. The tip secondary flow loss of the scaled-up model is more significant than that of the prototype model. When the shock wave is not strong enough to break the leakage vortex, the prototype-model loss is greater at the tip due to the thicker relative boundary layer. For situations where the tip clearance is very small, pressure driving dominates the tip flow, and the tip loss characteristics among different scaled models are similar.
MULTIFORME SEBAGAI SUATU REAKSI HIPERSENSITIVITAS TERHADAP TERAPI AUTOIMUN SISTEMIK:SEBUAH LAPORAN KASUS
Authors: Yoedyanto Hillary Fungestu
Published: October 2024

Pendahuluan: Eritema Multiforme (EM) merupakan penyakit inflamasi mukokutan akut bermanifestasi pada kulit, mukosa oral, dan mukosa lainnya. EM dapat disebabkan oleh reaksi hipersensitivitas maupun infeksi dengan tanda khas patognomonik berupa cincin konsentris terdiri dari lapisan luar eritematosus dengan pinggiran pucat dan pusat berwarna merah hingga ungu tua yang disebut lesi target. Kasus: Pasien wanita 44 tahun, dengan keluhan bercak kemerahan terasa gatal timbul mendadak di area dada, meluas ke wajah dan kedua extremitas disertai mata berair. Pasien memiliki riwayat lupus eritematosus sistemik (SLE) dan mengkonsumsi OAINS. Dari pemeriksaan fisik, ditemukan lesi makula, papul, dan plak eritem dengan lesi target multipel tersebar diskret. Tatalaksana dengan pemberian kortikosteroid sistemik, emolien topikal, dan antihistamin oral menunjukan perbaikan tanda serta gejala klinis yang signifikan dalam satu hari pengobatan. Diskusi: Kasus ini menunjukan EM yang disebabkan oleh reaksi alergi obat. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis komprehensif, gambaran klinis dan hasil laboratorium. Obat yang dicurigai sebagai penyebab alergi kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan algoritma Naranjo.  Kesimpulan: Pada kasus ini eritema multiforme (EM) disebabkan oleh reaksi hipersensitivitas obat. Dengan diagnosis dini, identifikasi dan penghentian agen etiologi serta pemberian terapi yang tepat dapat meningkatkan prognosis.
Kata kunci: eritema multiforme, lesi target, hipersensitivitas
Pendekatan Pastoral Berdasarkan Metafora Alkitabiah: 'Gembalakanlah Kawanan Domba Allah'
Authors: Tambun Roy Haries Ifraldo , Raulina Raulina
Published: October 2024

This study discusses a pastoral approach based on the biblical metaphor "Shepherd the Flock of God" (1 Peter 5:2). This metaphor serves as a foundation for understanding the role and responsibilities of a church leader in shepherding the congregation. The aim of this research is to identify how the concept of shepherding God's flock can be practically applied in the context of modern pastoral ministry. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach, involving biblical text analysis as well as a literature review related to pastoral roles. Additionally, interviews were conducted with several church leaders to gain contextual insights into the application of this metaphor in daily ministry life. The findings indicate that the metaphor of the "shepherd" depicts a leader who serves with love, patience, and moral responsibility, and who must be able to protect, guide, and nurture their congregation. In conclusion, this metaphor-based pastoral approach emphasizes the importance of a close relationship between church leaders and their congregations, as well as the profound spiritual responsibility involved in nurturing the faith and lives of the members.
Measuring the Long-Term Uncertainty Effect Reduction on Transmission Expansion Planning
Authors: Miandoab Payam Dalaliyan , Nazarian Peyman , Moradlou Majid
Published: October 2024

Transmission expansion planning (TEP) is known as long-term study, which is related to the generation expansion pattern, i.e. where and how many new generation facilities will be constructed. Recently, some researchers have paid special attention to network reliability and maintainability in TEP design. As such, the uncertainty of generation expansion planning (GEP) can alter the results of TEP. Therefore, the robustness of TEP to the uncertainty of GEP should be investigated in TEP process. This paper aims to define the robustness of TEP to the long-term uncertainties mathematically. To do so, a simple TEP problem is first proposed and then the uncertainty of GEP is applied to the problem by developing a novel uncertainty-oriented TEP objective function as multi-objective optimization. Two objectives of this model are the conventional TEP costs and minimum changes. Then, the model is implemented on the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (IEEE RTS) for two main items in order to assess the applicability of the proposed method. Furthermore, the effect of the method on undoing the uncertainty of generation mixture is investigated at the plan horizon in TEP. As TEP planning is NP-hard, genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized along with fminc optimization function in MATLAB, where the lower levels are resolved using the quadprog function in MATLAB. Afterwards, Pareto front of the solutions is analyzed to choose the most possible and economical solution between them. It can be concluded that the uncertain generation expansion would result in drastic economic losses both in the operation stage and in investment cost waste. Eventually, the obtained results confirm the applicability of the proposed model and solution method.
Comparative Study on Performance of Various Neural Network Algorithms in Construction Project Cost Prediction
Authors: Li Haibo , Zhao Li , Zhong Lihua , Liu Xiaoyi
Published: October 2024

Making accurate predictions of the construction cost is essential for ensuring the smooth implementation of projects and guaranteeing economic benefits. The problem to be studied in this article is how to predict construction project costs accurately. The related factors affecting construction project costs are briefly introduced in this paper. A back-propagation neural network (BPNN) was proposed to predict construction engineering costs, and the AdaBoost algorithm was used to improve it. Then, simulation experiments were carried out. It was found that the Adaboost-BPNN algorithm converged to stability faster, and the mean square error was smaller (10-5) when it was stable. Compared with the support vector machine and traditional BPNN algorithms, the AdaBoost-BPNN algorithm had better goodness of fit (0.787) and provided more accurate prediction results for construction engineering costs (mean average error: 0.467, root-mean-square error: 1.118). The novelty of this article lies in utilizing AdaBoost to combine multiple weak predictors into a strong predictor, thereby enhancing the performance of the BPNN algorithm. The contribution lies in improving the predictive performance of the BPNN through the combination principle of AdaBoost, providing an effective reference for accurate cost prediction in construction engineering.
Linear and Weakly Nonlinear Stability of Thermo-Solutal Magnetoconvective Chemically Reacting Couple Stress Fluid in Porous Medium
Authors: Kapoor S. , Sahoo A. K. , Dabral V.
Published: October 2024

The aim of the current study is to investigate the stability analysis in case of the linear as well as nonlinear of a thermo-solutal chemically reactive couple stress fluid under uniform magnetic field convection. Investigations have been conducted on the impact of chemical reaction and external vertical magnetic field on the commencement of double diffusive convection in couple stress fluid between infinite horizontal parallel plates. Darcy's modified law governs the flow in porous media and the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation is accurate. For modelling the momentum equation, the modified Darcy equation with the time derivative and inertia terms is utilized. Expressions for the Rayleigh numbers with finite amplitude, oscillatory, and stationary states are found in accordance with the regulating factors. Graphics are used to illustrate how the couple-stress parameter, solute Rayleigh number, Vadasz number and diffusivity ratio affect stationary, oscillatory and finite-amplitude convection. Stationary, oscillatory and finite-amplitude convection are found to be stabilized by the couple-stress parameter and the solute Rayleigh number. The normal mode analysis method is utilized to look into the linear stability of flow dynamics after the nonlinear mathematical problem has been linearized. When stationary and finite-amplitude modes are present, the diffusivity ratio has a destabilizing effect; when oscillatory convection is present, it has a dual effect. Oscillatory convection develops earlier when the Vadasz number is higher. The couple-stress parameter and diffusivity ratio both increase with increasing solute Rayleigh number values, but the heat and mass transfer decreases as these values rise. Using double Fourier series, a generalized weakly nonlinear stability analysis is done. The research illustrates how various regulating parameters support and destabilize the flow dynamics. The influence of finite-amplitude convection on stability is also examined. Furthermore, the best conditions for stationary and oscillatory convection are based on altering the couple stress flow stability by controlling the applied magnetic field.
Machine learning-based remission prediction in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs: findings from the Kuwait rheumatic disease registry
Authors: Alsaber Ahmad R. , Al-Herz Adeeba , Alawadhi Balqees , Doush Iyad Abu , Setiya Parul , AL-Sultan Ahmad T. , Saleh Khulood , Al-Awadhi Adel , Hasan Eman , Al-Kandari Waleed , Mokaddem Khalid , Ghanem Aqeel A. , Attia Yousef , Hussain Mohammed , AlHadhood Naser , Ali Yaser , Tarakmeh Hoda , Aldabie Ghaydaa , AlKadi Amjad , Alhajeri Hebah
Published: October 2024

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common condition treated with biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic medicines (bDMARDs). However, many patients exhibit resistance, necessitating the use of machine learning models to predict remissions in patients treated with bDMARDs, thereby reducing healthcare costs and minimizing negative effects.

Objective

The study aims to develop machine learning models using data from the Kuwait Registry for Rheumatic Diseases (KRRD) to identify clinical characteristics predictive of remission in RA patients treated with biologics.

Methods

The study collected follow-up data from 1,968 patients treated with bDMARDs from four public hospitals in Kuwait from 2013 to 2022. Machine learning techniques like lasso, ridge, support vector machine, random forest, XGBoost, and Shapley additive explanation were used to predict remission at a 1-year follow-up.

Results

The study used the Shapley plot in explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to analyze the effects of predictors on remission prognosis across different types of bDMARDs. Top clinical features were identified for patients treated with bDMARDs, each associated with specific mean SHAP values. The findings highlight the importance of clinical assessments and specific treatments in shaping treatment outcomes.

Conclusion

The proposed machine learning model system effectively identifies clinical features predicting remission in bDMARDs, potentially improving treatment efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Retrospective cohort evaluation study in terms of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Yakut Aysun
Published: October 2024

Background

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and nucleotide analogues [entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)] used in its treatment have been shown to affect metabolic parameters in many studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of metabolic events associated with CHB and nucleotide analogues (NAs) used in CHB treatment on ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted between June 2022 and January 2024 with a total of 241 patients diagnosed with non-cirrhotic CHB in the gastroenterology outpatient clinic, 96 of whom did not receive hepatitis B treatment, 110 of whom received TDF, and 35 of whom received ETV treatment. Patients were evaluated in terms of metabolic, CVD, and hepatology depending on whether they received antiviral treatment or not. In our study, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) were calculated in patients to evaluate potential risk factors for CVD. Again, while the total cholesterol-to-HDL-C ratio (TC/HDL-C), which is associated with CVD\IHD, was evaluated, the ‘4-factor fibrosis index’ (FIB-4) score, which is a non-invasive indicator of liver fibrosis, was also evaluated.

Results

Diabetes mellitus (DM), fasting blood sugar (FBS), oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) usage rate, and insulin usage rate were high in patients receiving ETV treatment. The TyG index of patients receiving ETV was higher than patients in the other group (p = 0.035; p<0.05). It was determined that the probability of detecting ETV treatment in patients with a TG/HDL-C ratio of ≥1.82 cut-off value was 4.250 times higher. The odds ratio for TG/HDL-C measurements was 4.250 (95% CI: 1.384–13.054). FIB-4 score, which is a non-invasive indicator of liver fibrosis, was found to be higher in patients receiving ETV than in other groups.

Conclusion

In patients with CHB, a relationship was observed between markers used to predict CVD risk, such as the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio. The group with high levels of these two markers and a high potential for developing CVD was patients receiving ETV treatment. In this first study in the literature showing the relationship between CHB and CVD, we found that the relative risk of CVD was increased in patients using ETV.
A sensorless efficiency-optimizing vector control scheme for an induction motor drive
Authors: Balogun Adeola , Olajube Ayobami , Awelewa Ayokunle , Okafor Frank , Sanni Timilehin , Samuel Isaac
Published: October 2024

In this paper, an energy-saving scheme in rotor field-orientated vector control is developed for induction motor drives. The energy-saving scheme minimizes copper and core losses in induction motors, which are equally applicable to induction generators. In efficiency optimization, an optimal stator angular velocity is uniquely obtained, and consequently, a corresponding optimal slip at any given rotor speed is determined. The challenge of determining a reference for rotor flux linkage that guarantees the minimal copper and core loss regime is overcome by developing a load torque observer loop. The torque observer is developed alongside a rotor speed observer for a sensorless speed operation. The observed mechanical torque is further used to enhance the outer-loop rotor speed control that generates an electromagnetic torque command used in building the reference for the inner-loop stator current control. The results obtained justified the effective operation of the torque and rotor speed observer, which consequently verified the effective minimal electrical loss regime at the optimal stator angular velocity and optimal rotor flux linkage. The results are further compared to results obtained from the equivalent induction machine drive on a finite-set model predictive control (FS-MPC) scheme with the same values of the optimal stator angular velocity and optimal rotor flux linkage. The developed efficiency-optimized vector control scheme gave lower ripples in developed electromagnetic torque and dampened overshoot better during step change in load torque.
A joint market temporal rolling bidding strategy for virtual power plants in the wholesale market
Authors: Mao Tian , Lin Hanyang , Cheng Renli , Li Jiangnan , Zhou Baorong , Zhao Wenmeng , Wang Tao
Published: October 2024

Massive and diversified distributed energy resources (DERs) have great potential for improving the flexibility of power system operations. However, given the wide distribution, small capacity, and variable ownership subject characteristics of DERs, virtual power plants (VPPs) are suitable for aggregating the flexible DERs for participation in the wholesale energy market. Extant studies have focused on obtaining bidding strategies in multiple electricity markets. However, there are shortcomings in the relevant market mechanisms and temporal relationships for participating in energy and ancillary service markets. This work proposes a joint market temporal rolling bidding strategy for VPPs in the wholesale market based on real unified electricity market mechanisms in the southern region of China. Accordingly, the proposed method enhances the market-oriented operational profits of VPPs.
Detachment and transport of composition B detonation particles in rills
Authors: Cubello Favianna , Karls Benjamin , Kadoya Warren , Beal Samuel , Polyakov Viktor , Dontsova Katerina
Published: October 2024

The partial detonation of munitions used in military exercises leaves behind energetic particles on the surface of soil. Energetic particles deposited by incomplete detonations can then dissolve and be transported by overland flow and potentially contaminate ground and surface waters. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of transport of Composition B, a formulation that includes TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) and RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) during overland flow. The transport of Composition B was examined using a rill flume with three flow rates (165-, 265-, and 300-mL min−1) and four energetic particle sizes (4.75–9.51 mm, 2.83–4.75 mm, 2–2.83 mm, and <2 mm). After each erosion simulation, energetic particles remaining on the soil surface were measured along with energetics dissolved in runoff, in suspended sediment, and in infiltration. Smaller particle sizes led to greater transport in both solution and sediment. The properties of the energetic compounds also influenced transport. More TNT was transported in runoff than RDX, likely due to TNT’s higher solubility and dissolution rates, however, overall, dissolved energetics in runoff and infiltration accounted for very little of the total transport. Most transport of Composition B was the result of the physical movement of energetic particles and flakes by erosion forces. This study’s results allow for improved prediction of Composition B transport during overland flow.