bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Reduction for Kinetic Models of Biological Systems
Authors: Ali Eshtewy Neveen , Scholz Lena
Published: May 2020

High dimensionality continues to be a challenge in computational systems biology. The kinetic models of many phenomena of interest are high-dimensional and complex, resulting in large computational effort in the simulation. Model order reduction (MOR) is a mathematical technique that is used to reduce the computational complexity of high-dimensional systems by approximation with lower dimensional systems, while retaining the important information and properties of the full order system. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is a method based on Galerkin projection that can be used for reducing the model order. POD is considered an optimal linear approach since it obtains the minimum squared distance between the original model and its reduced representation. However, POD may represent a restriction for nonlinear systems. By applying the POD method for nonlinear systems, the complexity to solve the nonlinear term still remains that of the full order model. To overcome the complexity for nonlinear terms in the dynamical system, an approach called the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM) can be used. In this paper, we discuss model reduction by POD and DEIM to reduce the order of kinetic models of biological systems and illustrate the approaches on some examples. Additional computational costs for setting up the reduced order system pay off for large-scale systems. In general, a reduced model should not be expected to yield good approximations if different initial conditions are used from that used to produce the reduced order model. We used the POD method of a kinetic model with different initial conditions to compute the reduced model. This reduced order model is able to predict the full order model for a variety of different initial conditions.
Multi-Classifier Decision-Level Fusion Classification of Workpiece Surface Defects Based on a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Liu Fen , Liu Yuxuan , Sang Hongqiang
Published: May 2020

Various defects are formed on the workpiece surface during the production process. Workpiece surface defects are classified according to various characteristics, which includes a bumped surface, scratched surface and pit surface. Suppliers analyze the cause of workpiece surface defects through the defect types and thus determines the subsequent processing. Therefore, the correct classification is essential regarding workpiece surface defects. In this paper, a multi-classifier decision-level fusion classification model for workpiece surface defects based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) was proposed. In the proposed model, the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) was used to extract the features of the second fully connected layer of the CNN, and the features of the HOG were further extracted by using the local binary patterns (LBP), which was called the HOG–LBP feature extraction. Finally, this paper designed a symmetry ensemble classifier, which was used to classify the features of the last fully connected layer of the CNN and the features of the HOG–LBP. The comprehensive decision was made by fusing the classification results of the symmetry structure channels. The experiments were carried out, and the results showed that the proposed model could improve the accuracy of the workpiece surface defect classification.
Tolerance of Honey Bees to Varroa Mite in the Absence of Deformed Wing Virus
Authors: Roberts John M. K. , Simbiken Nelson , Dale Chris , Armstrong Joel , Anderson Denis L.
Published: May 2020

The global spread of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor has emphasized the significance of viruses as pathogens of honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations. In particular, the association of deformed wing virus (DWV) with V. destructor and its devastating effect on honey bee colonies has led to that virus now becoming one of the most well-studied insect viruses. However, there has been no opportunity to examine the effects of Varroa mites without the influence of DWV. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), the sister species, V. jacobsoni, has emerged through a host-shift to reproduce on the local A. mellifera population. After initial colony losses, beekeepers have maintained colonies without chemicals for more than a decade, suggesting that this bee population has an unknown mite tolerance mechanism. Using high throughput sequencing (HTS) and target PCR detection, we investigated whether the viral landscape of the PNG honey bee population is the underlying factor responsible for mite tolerance. We found A. mellifera and A. cerana from PNG and nearby Solomon Islands were predominantly infected by sacbrood virus (SBV), black queen cell virus (BQCV) and Lake Sinai viruses (LSV), with no evidence for any DWV strains. V. jacobsoni was infected by several viral homologs to recently discovered V. destructor viruses, but Varroa jacobsoni rhabdovirus-1 (ARV-1 homolog) was the only virus detected in both mites and honey bees. We conclude from these findings that A. mellifera in PNG may tolerate V. jacobsoni because the damage from parasitism is significantly reduced without DWV. This study also provides further evidence that DWV does not exist as a covert infection in all honey bee populations, and remaining free of this serious viral pathogen can have important implications for bee health outcomes in the face of Varroa.
Automated Location Detection of Retention and Detention Basins for Water Management
Authors: Teschemacher Sonja , Bittner Daniel , Disse Markus
Published: May 2020

Retention and detention basins are engineering constructions with multiple objectives; e.g., flood protection and irrigation. Their performance is highly location-dependent, and thus, optimization strategies are needed. LOCASIN (Location detection of retention and detention basins) is an open-source MATLAB tool that enables automated and rapid detection, characterization and evaluation of basin locations. The site detection is based on a numerical raster analysis to determine the optimal dam axis orientation, the dam geometry and the basin area and volume. After selecting a reasonable basin combination, the results are summarized and visualized. LOCASIN represents a user-friendly and flexible tool for policy makers, engineers and scientists to determine dam and basin properties of optimized positions for planning and research purposes. It can be applied in an automated way to solve small and large scale engineering problems. The software is available on GitHub.
Evaluation of Radar-Gauge Merging Techniques to Be Used in Operational Flood Forecasting in Urban Watersheds
Authors: Wijayarathne Dayal , Coulibaly Paulin , Boodoo Sudesh , Sills David
Published: May 2020

Demand for radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPEs) as precipitation forcing to hydrological models in operational flood forecasting has increased in the recent past. It is practically impossible to get error-free QPEs due to the intrinsic limitations of weather radar as a precipitation measurement tool. Adjusting radar QPEs with gauge observations by combining their advantages while minimizing their weaknesses increases the accuracy and reliability of radar QPEs. This study deploys several techniques to merge two dual-polarized King City radar (WKR) C-band and two KBUF Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) S-band operational radar QPEs with rain gauge data for the Humber River (semi-urban) and Don River (urban) watersheds in Ontario, Canada. The relative performances are assessed against an independent gauge network by comparing hourly rainfall events. The Cumulative Distribution Function Matching (CDFM) method performed best, followed by Kriging with Radar-based Error correction (KRE). Although both WKR and NEXRAD radar QPEs improved significantly, NEXRAD Level III Digital Precipitation Array (DPA) provided the best results. All methods performed better for low- to medium-intensity precipitation but deteriorated with the increasing rainfall intensities. All methods outperformed radar only QPEs for all events, but the agreement is best in the summer.
Utility of Artificial Neural Networks in Modeling Pan Evaporation in Hyper-Arid Climates
Authors: Alsumaiei Abdullah A.
Published: May 2020

Evaporation is the major water-loss component of the hydrologic cycle and thus requires efficient management. This study aims to model daily pan evaporation rates in hyper-arid climates using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Hyper-arid climates are characterized by harsh environmental conditions where annual precipitation rates do not exceed 3% of annual evaporation rates. For the first time, ANNs were applied to model such climatic conditions in the State of Kuwait. Pan evaporation data from 1993–2015 were normalized to a 0–1 range to boost ANN performance and the ANN structure was optimized by testing various meteorological input combinations. Levenberg–Marquardt algorithms were used to train the ANN models. The proposed ANN was satisfactorily efficient in modeling pan evaporation in these hyper-arid climatic conditions. The Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients ranged from 0.405 to 0.755 over the validation period. Mean air temperatures and average wind speeds were identified as meteorological variables that most influenced the ANN performance. A sensitivity analysis showed that the number of hidden layers did not significantly impact the ANN performance. The ANN models demonstrated considerable bias in predicting high pan evaporation rates (>25 mm/day). The proposed modeling method may assist water managers in Kuwait and other hyper-arid regions in establishing resilient water-management plans.
Why Technologies Often Fail to Scale: Policy and Market Failures behind Limited Scaling of Alternate Wetting and Drying in Rice in Bangladesh
Authors: Pandey Sushil , Yadav Sudhir , Hellin Jon , Balié Jean , Bhandari Humnath , Kumar Arvind , Mondal Manoranjan K.
Published: May 2020

Rapid expansion of groundwater use for irrigation for dry season rice production in Bangladesh has led to overuse, deterioration of groundwater quality, increased cost of irrigation, and higher greenhouse gas emissions. The divergence between marginal private and social cost of irrigation due to market failures in the presence of these externalities, has resulted in excessive use of groundwater. A combination of policy reforms and improvements in irrigation practices are hence needed to reduce irrigation water use. The paper analyses why an improved irrigation practice, known as “alternate wetting and drying (AWD)” that can potentially reduce irrigation water use substantially, has failed to scale despite widespread testing and promotion in Bangladesh for over a decade. The main reason for this failure to scale is the lack of economic incentives to save water as pricing is based on per unit area irrigated, not on the amount of water used. This paper highlights the dynamics of the water market and pricing in Bangladesh, along with biophysical and social constraints to farmer adoption of AWD. It also proposes changes in policy incentives, new directions for crop and water management research, and institutional reforms for wider adoption of AWD and other water-saving practices.
Social Deviancy: A Medieval Approach
Authors: Geltner Guy
Published: May 2020

Outlines the unique approach of earlier urban societies to social marginalization practices. Originally appeared as “Social Deviancy: A Medieval Approach,” in Why the Middle Ages Matter: Medieval Light on Modern Injustice, ed. Celia M. Chazelle, et al., 29-40 London: Routledge, 2011.
Greenland publications review with listing for 1999
Authors: Dawes Peter R. , Glendal Esben W.
Published: May 2020

The primary role of the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland is to interpret and record the geology of Denmark, Greenland and the Faeroe Islands and make the information available to government, industry, the international scientific community and the general public. The technological advances of recent years have increased emphasis on digital data and electronic databases leading to a geoscientific information revolution. However, printed reports and maps still remain a significant part of the Survey’s publication range designed to provide information for use at all levels. Several of these publications are also available as electronic issues.
Palynology and deposition in the Wandel Sea Basin, eastern North Greenland
Authors: Stemmerik Lars
Published: May 2020

This collection of papers adds to the understanding of the stratigraphic, depositional and structural history of the Wandel Sea Basin in eastern North Greenland (Fig. 1). Most importantly, the ages of the initial (Carboniferous) and final (Palaeogene) depositional events are now much better constrained than previously, allowing correlation with the successions in East Greenland, Svalbard and the Barents Sea. The Wandel Sea Basin was an area of accumulation through the Early Carboniferous to the Palaeogene period, located at the margins of the stable Greenland craton where the Caledonian and Ellesmerian orogenic belts intersect (Fig. 1). Two main epochs of basin evolution have been recognised during previous studies of the basin fill: a Late Palaeozoic – Early Triassic epoch characterised by a fairly simple system of grabens and half-grabens, and a Mesozoic epoch dominated by strike-slip movements (Håkansson & Stemmerik 1989). The Mesozoic epoch only influenced that part of the basin north of the Trolle Land fault zone and its eastward extension (Fig. 1). Thus the northern and southern parts of the basin have very different structural and depositional histories, and accordingly different thermal histories and hydrocarbon potential as exemplified by the tectono-stratigraphic study of northern Amdrup Land by Stemmerik et al. (2000, this volume). This study shows that the Sommerterrasserne fault is the south-eastern extension of the Trolle Land fault zone, dividing Amdrup Land into two areas with different stratigraphic and structural histories. Sediments of the Upper Permian Midnatfjeld Formation are restricted to north-east of the Sommerterrasserne fault where they are conformably overlain by Upper Jurassic sediments. In this area the Carboniferous – Upper Jurassic succession is folded in broad domal folds with NE–SW-oriented axes, whereas the Upper Palaeozoic sediments are gently dipping south-west of the fault. Folding most likely took place during the latest Cretaceous correlating with compressional events that also affected the sedimentary basins at Kilen and Prinsesse Ingeborg Halvø further to the north in the Trolle Land fault zone.
Stratigraphy and palynology of the Lower Carboniferous Sortebakker Formation, Wandel Sea Basin, eastern North Greenland
Authors: Dalhoff Finn , Os Vigran Jorunn , Stemmerik Lars
Published: May 2020

Two palynological assemblages of Early Carboniferous age have been recorded from the upper parts of the non-marine, fluvial-dominated Sortebakker Formation in the Wandel Sea Basin. The stratigraphically lower assemblage includes poorly preserved Cingulizonates spp., Densosporites spp., Lycospora spp. and Schulzospora spp. whereas the upper assemblage contains a more diversified microflora including the stratigraphically important Tripartites distinctus, Potoniespores delicatus and Savitrisporites spp. The microflora enables correlation and dating of the succession to the late Viséan Perotrilites tessellatus – Schulzospora campyloptera (TC) and Raistrickia nigra – Triquitrites marginatus (NM) miospore Biozones of western Europe. The depositional facies correspond to those seen in time equivalent deposits from East Greenland, Svalbard, Bjørnøya and the Barents Sea.
Carboniferous algal microflora, Kap Jungersen and Foldedal Formations, Holm Land and Amdrup Land, eastern North Greenland
Authors: Mamet Bernard L. , Stemmerik Lars
Published: May 2020

A diverse assemblage of calcareous algae was recorded from the Moscovian–Gzelian Kap Jungersen and Foldedal Formations in Amdrup Land and Holm Land. The flora, consisting of 25 species, is dominated by rhodophytes and chlorophytes, most of them similar to or identical with species previously recognised in the Sverdrup Basin of Arctic Canada. One new genus and species, Groenlandella enigmatica n.gen. et n.sp., has been erected and is apparently endemic to the Wandel Sea Basin. The composition of the Greenland algal flora indicates that it belongs to the Uraloporella flora of the present-day northern hemisphere (Arctic Canada, Svalbard and Arctic Russia).
The structure of the Cretaceous-Palaeogene sedimentary-volcanic area of Svartenhuk Halvø, central West Greenland
Authors: Gutzon Larsen Jørgen , Pulvertaft T. Christopher R.
Published: May 2020

Svartenhuk Halvø is a peninsula lying at the northern end of the West Greenland Palaeogene volcanic province. In the downfaulted south-western part of the peninsula upper Paleocene basalts overlie Cretaceous - lower Paleocene sediments, whereas to the north-east the basalts lie directly on Precambrian basement. This bulletin describes the structural pattern in the basin area. This is dominated by NW-SE-trending extensional faults with downthrow to the north-east. Also trending NW-SE are faulted monoclinal flexure zones that were probably generated by reactivation of deep basement faults. Both the extensional fault arrays and the flexure zones are offset at approximately E-W-trending transfer faults. The regional extension is believed to be related to the opening of Baffin Bay during the late Paleocene – Eocene.
Periglacial processes in the Mestersvig region, central East Greenland
Authors: Mikkelsen Naja , Carver Steve , Woodward John , Christiansen Hanne H.
Published: May 2020

The earliest thorough investigations of periglacial processes in Greenland were conducted from 1956–1961 in the Mestersvig region (72°N 24´W) of central East Greenland, where a number of experimental sites were established by A.L. Washburn (Fig. 1; Washburn 1965, 1967, 1969). Results from these investigations are still of relevance, and are quoted in recent periglacial literature (e.g. Ballantyne & Harris 1994; French 1996).
Acquisition of high-resolution multichannel seismic data in the offshore part of the Nuussuaq Basin, central West Greenland
Authors: Marcussen Christian , Chalmers James A. , Lykke Andersen Holger , Rasmussen Rasmus , Dahl-Jensen Trine
Published: May 2020

A high-resolution multichannel seismic survey (project NuussuaqSeis 2000) was carried out from 18 July to 2 August 2000 in the offshore part of the Nuussuaq Basin, central West Greenland using the Danish research vessel R/V Dana with seismic equipment from the Geological Institute, Aarhus University, Denmark. Funding for the project was provided by the Danish Energy Research Programme, the Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum, Nuuk, Greenland, the Geological Institute of Aarhus University and the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS). After completion of the NuussuaqSeis 2000 project, R/V Dana was used for a three-day coring project in Disko Bugt (see Kuijpers et al. 2001, this volume) before the ship returned to Denmark.
Two new rare-earth-rich mineral associations in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland
Authors: Pekov Igor V. , Ekimenkova Irina A.
Published: May 2020

Two new types of REE-rich mineral associations have been discovered at Kvanefjeld in the northern part of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex. Type 1 consists of ussingite veins intersecting lujavrite and containing 5–7% nacareniobsite-(Ce) and 2–4% steenstrupine-(Ce); the adjacent altered lujavrite contains up to 10–12% nacareniobsite-(Ce). Type 2 consists of cavernous sodalite-rich veinlets and vugs in lujavrite containing 5–8% vitusite-(Ce). The chemical compositions and unit cell parameters of REE minerals are given. Nacareniobsite-(Ce) and vitusite-(Ce) were considered to be extremely rare minerals in the Ilímaussaq complex. Nacareniobsite-(Ce) is now known to be of more widespread occurrence in some hyper-agpaitic rocks of the Ilímaussaq complex, and vitusite-(Ce) is known to be the precursor of the widespread occurrence of the yellow pseudomorphs termed erikite.
Stability of Na–Be minerals in late-magmatic fluids of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland
Authors: Markl Gregor
Published: May 2020

Various Na-bearing Be silicates occur in late-stage veins and in alkaline rocks metasomatised by late-magmatic fluids of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex in South Greenland. First, chkalovite crystallised with sodalite around 600°C at 1 kbar. Late-magmatic assemblages formed between 400 and 200°C and replaced chkalovite or grew in later veins from an H2O-rich fluid. This fluid is also recorded in secondary fluid inclusions in most Ilímaussaq nepheline syenites. The late assemblages comprise chkalovite + ussingite, tugtupite + analcime ± albite, epididymite + albite, bertrandite ± beryllite + analcime, and sphaerobertrandite + albite or analcime(?). Quantitative phase diagrams involving minerals of the Na–Al–Si–O–H–Cl system and various Be minerals show that tugtupite co-exists at 400°C only with very Na-rich or very alkalic fluids [log (aNa+/aH+) > 6–8; log (aBe2+/(aH+)2) > –3]. The abundance of Na-rich minerals and of the NaOH-bearing silicate ussingite indicates the importance of both of these parameters. Water activity and silica activity in these fluids were in the range 0.7–1 and 0.05–0.3, and XNaCl in a binary hydrous fluid was below 0.2 at 400°C. As bertrandite is only stable at < 220°C at 1 kbar, the rare formation of epididymite, eudidymite, bertrandite and sphaerobertrandite by chkalovite-consuming reactions occurred at still lower temperatures and possibly involved fluids of higher silica activity.
A note on the occurrence of gold in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland
Authors: Bohse Henning , Frederiksen Jens
Published: May 2020

Single grains of gold measuring 22 μm have been found in analcime veinlets intersecting concentrations of pyrrhotite, pyrite and marcasite in the lowermost part of layer +16 red of the kakortokite sequence in the southernmost part of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex (Davison 1989). The kakortokite sequence consists of a repetition of units of lower black layers rich in arfvedsonite, red layers rich in eudialyte and white layers rich in microcline (cf. Sørensen 2001, this volume, for a review of the geology of the Ilímaussaq complex). Layer +16 red is the most prominent eudialyte- rich layer of the complex. The identification of the gold grains was verified by SEM - Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (Fig. 1).
Solidarity in the Fall: An Essay on Self-Deception
Authors: GESKE ANDRÉ
Published: May 2020

This Article Aims To Explore The Notion And The Dynamics Of Self-deception As A Part Of What We Understand As The Noetic Effects Of Sin. Firstly, We Start With A Theological Analysis Of The Consciousness Because Of The Supratemporal Nature Of The Human Heart. Secondly, Through This Analysis, We Can See The Roots Of Self-deception In The Presupposition That The Ego Is Transparent To Itself. Thirdly, One Element Of The Dynamic Of Self-deception Is The Cognitive Parallax That Shows The Distance Between Theory And Reality. Fourthly, Self-deception Can Be Formalized In Theoretical Systems And Create A Legitimizing Discourse To Support Given Positions. Finally, We Try To Redeem Self-deception Through The Revelation That Enlightens The Human Mind. KEYWORDS: Self-deception, noetic effects of sin, Augustine, Herman Dooyeweerd, epistemology, the self, modern philosophy, sensus divinitatis, consciousness, revelation
Edwards: Ethics for Both the Vulgar and the Learned
Authors: HELM PAUL
Published: May 2020

Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758) In Effect Lived Two Lives: One As The Pastor Of Churches In New England, Teaching His People The Faith And Including In That The Ethical Side Or Outworking Of The Faith, The Other As A Theorist Of God’s Relation To His Universe. These Two Roles Need To Be Borne In Mind In What Follows. The First Is Closely Connected With Doctrinal And Practical Themes Of The Christian Faith, The Second With The Meaning And Truth Of Ethical Matters At Their Most Fundamental Level. To Have A Rounded View Of Edwards’s Ethics, We Need Both. KEYWORDS: Jonathan Edwards, Ethics, True Religion, Doctrine And Life, John Locke, Religious Affections, Nature Of True Virtue, Charity And Its Fruits
Interview with Os Guinness
Authors: LILLBACK PETER A.
Published: May 2020

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Book Review: Flavien Pardigon. Paul Against the Idols: A Contextual Reading of the Areopagus Speech
Authors: JEON JEONG KOO
Published: May 2020

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Book Review: Jordan Peterson. Twelve Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos
Authors: WELLS ALISON
Published: May 2020

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THE LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE BASIS FOR STRENGTHENING MILITARY DISCIPLINE
Authors: Makhmudov R.M  , Karimova B.N
Published: May 2020

This article discusses the problems of legal education and strengthening the discipline of the military of the National Guard of the Republic of Uzbekistan as citizens of the rule of law. The role of law and its influence on the legal consciousness of military personnel is revealed. Features and specificity of the service of the military personnel of the National Guard of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The authors in the article will try to uncover the relationship of legal education and strengthening the discipline of military personnel. The role of the right to strengthen the charter knowledge of military personnel is revealed in detail.

KEY WORDS: members of the National Guard, military regulations, legal standards, legal education, military law, legal support, specific features, the formation of a legal culture, strengthening discipline.
PUBLIC REACTION TO COVID-19 ON TWITTER: A THEMATIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Akif Mustafa  , Imaduddin Ansari  , Subham Kumar Mohanta  , Shalem Balla
Published: May 2020

Emergency situations typically lead to a plethora of public attention on social media platforms like ‘Twitter’. Twitter provides a unique opportunity for public health researchers to analyze untampered information shared during a disease outbreak. Considering the ongoing public health emergency, we conducted a study investigating the public reaction to COVID-19 pandemic around the world using in-depth thematic analysis of Twitter data. A dataset of 212846 tweets was retrieved over a period of seven days (from April 13, 2020, to April 19, 2020) via Twitter Application Programme Interface (API). The following five keywords were used to collect the tweets: “coronavirus”, “covid-19”, “corona”, “covid”, “covid19”. After data filtering and cleaning 6348 tweets were randomly selected for in-depth thematic analysis. Thematic analysis was done manually using a two-level coding guide. A total of six main themes emerged from the analysis: ‘sentiments and feelings’, ‘Information’, ‘General Discussion’, ‘Politics’, ‘Food’, and ‘Sarcasm or humor’. The aforementioned themes were divided into 26 sub-themes. The results of the thematic analysis show that 30.1% of the tweets were regarding ‘sentiments and feelings’, 15.6% were regarding ‘politics’, and 6.5% were related to ‘sarcasm or humor’. The present study is the first study that has analyzed the public response to COVID-19 on Twitter. The study demonstrates that social media platforms (like Twitter) can be used to conduct infodemiological studies related to public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe that the results of this study will be of potential interest to policymakers, health authorities, stakeholders, and public health and social science researchers.

KEYWORDS:COVID-19, Twitter, Social Media, Coronavirus, Lockdown, Pandemic
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISES OF AGRARIAN AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Authors: BROYAKA Antonina
Published: May 2020

The article examines the essence of foreign economic activity of enterprises, the features and prospects of its implementation in the field of agrarian and industrial complex. Based on the conducted analysis, it is proved that agrarian export of Ukraine plays a significant role in the formation of the budget and GDP of the country, since its share in 2018 was 14.2% of GDP and 33.4% of the total national exports of goods. The dynamics of export-import operations of the agrarian sector is explored and it is found that it demonstrates a positive trend in contrast to the general foreign trade balance of Ukraine. The analysis of the agrarian exports structure in 2010-2019 confirms the growth of the share of the majority of agrarian products types sold abroad.
However, Ukrainian exports are mainly oriented towards raw materials, which, among other reasons, is associated with technological backwardness and the limited ability of domestic agricultural producers to purchase modern equipment and technologies due to theirs low solvency. The commodity orientation of Ukrainian exports makes the competitive position of Ukraine in foreign markets vulnerable, since the demand for commodities is unstable and is characterized by significant price volatility.
The geographical structure of foreign trade in agrarian products and the possibilities of its further diversification are investigated. The majority of Ukrainian products in Europe are purchased in Poland, Italy and Germany. Significant connoisseurs of Ukrainian products are also Turkey, China, India, Egypt. Ukrainian exports should be expanded to Asian and Eastern countries.
The key problems that put the brakes on the development of the foreign economic activity of the enterprises of agrarian and industrial complex and hinder the competitiveness increase of domestic agrarian products in the international market are identified. A number of measures are proposed to promote the further development of the foreign economic activity of the enterprises of agrarian and industrial complex, including the development of appropriate strategies taking into account global market trends, harmonization and compliance with the quality and safety standards of agrarian products, improving the innovative component, strengthening state support (including financial) of the export-oriented agrarian enterprises, improving the investment climate, and more.
LOBBYING IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRIORITIES OF UKRAINE
Authors: GOLOVNYA Olena
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the research of lobbying activities as an important component of the process of forming the state policy of socio-economic development. The author emphasizes that the Ukrainian economy has a high dependence on the external environment, as well as high sensitivity to global economic fluctuations. In turn, the openness of the country's economy is a significant factor in its involvement in modern value chains, global and regional integration. It is determined that securing a full-fledged public-private partnership in the modern world requires lobbying as a deliberate influence on the public by the authorities in order to make a number of economic decisions.
The study found that the structure of the phenomenon of "lobbying" includes three main components: object, subject, technology. Thus, lobbying in the modern world appears to be a complex process of purposeful influence on the government in order to obtain the desired solution. The purpose of lobbying structures activities is often a series of decisions, in which the adoption of laws concerning economic activity and investment, innovation, and customs policies is of great importance.
It is revealed that lobbying requires an extensive network of institutions and organizations - from trade unions and business owners to the media and civil society organizations. Significant influence on the advancement of national socio-economic priorities is exercised by consulting firms, mass media, non-state think tanks, various industry associations. Lobbying in developed countries is a tool for cooperation and communication that leads to progressive decisions that are beneficial to both business and society. This confirms the progressive experience of the USA and the EU.
The study draws attention to the fact that Ukraine mainly practices shadow lobbying, since the activities of domestic lobbyists are not regulated by any legislative acts. This is explained by the fact that our business and political leaders benefit from such interaction when large financial and industry groups sponsor, large decision-makers and expensive electoral campaigns.
STRUCTURIZATION OF THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE BY THE INDICATOR OF CASH ESTIMATION OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS
Authors: VOLONTYR Ludmila , ZELINSKA Oksana , POTAPOVA Nadin
Published: May 2020

The article reveals the issue of structuring the regions of Ukraine by indicators of monetary valuation of agricultural land. On the basis of the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine the analysis of the structure of agricultural land was carried out, which made it possible to establish a fraction of the area of individual species of land in total. The focus is on the concentration of significant amounts of land in private ownership, which exacerbates the issue of land valuation from the perspective of possible resource management and efficiency in its use. It has been argued that fragmentation of land is one of the good reasons for the inefficient use and changing purpose of land, lack of financial resources and smallholder coherence.
In accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Land Assessment" and the data of directories of the State Service of Ukraine on Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre for 2017 - 2019. A comparative analysis of the normative monetary valuation of agricultural land by regions of Ukraine was carried out, which became the information base for their structuring by the method of cluster analysis. It was substantiated that one of the powerful methods of multivariate analysis is the cluster analysis, which is based on a set of selected economic indicators and objects of assessment. Estimates are based on the monetary valuation of agricultural land such as: arable land, perennial plantations, hayfields and pastures. On the basis of mathematical standardization of values of indicators the matrix of imaginary Euclidian distances is calculated, became a basis for formation of 7 clusters, each of which includes a final number of objects-regions distributed on homogeneous signs and approximation on estimations of cost of land areas.
The formation of clusters on such characteristics will identify the most similar groups of objects-regions to develop a system of monitoring changes in the cost of land resources with subsequent analysis of fluctuations relative to average levels within specific clusters, and in Ukraine as a whole.
Implementasi Tri Hita Karana Sebagai Budaya Organisasi di The Royal Pita Maha Hotel
Authors: Yunita Anggreswari Ni Putu , Suryadinatha Gorda A. A. N. Oka
Published: May 2020

Tri Hita Karana is a Hindu concept that has the understanding of the three causes of human welfare consisting of three elements which include Parhyangan, namely the Godhead, the Pawongan element of Humanity and the Palemahan the environmental elements. Tri Hita Karana is treated as an organizational culture in The Royal Pita Maha Hotel which is then applied by all members of the organization as a standard of behavior. The formulation of the problem in this study is "How is the implementation of Tri Hita Karana as organizational culture at The Royal Pita Maha Hotel?". The research methodology in this research is to use a qualitative approach with the type of research is descriptive type. Data collection techniques in this study used three techniques consisting of observation, interviews and documentation. The result of this research is the implementation of the Tri Hita Karana concept has been applied in accordance with the three elements in it which meet the elements of organizational culture criteria and organizational culture function elements.
Dynamics Of The Priest Symbol At Hindu Community In Mataram City
Authors: Mawartini Ni Gusti Ayu Made , Vista Dewi Ida Ayu , Ditya Riskika Dewi Ni Nengah , Putriani Ni Gusti Ayu Nyoman
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian terhadap dinamika dalam simbol kependetaan pada masyarakat Hindu di Kota Mataram. Penelitian ini memokuskan permasalahan berkaitan dengan bagaimana deskripsi, apa fungsi, bagaimana dampak, dan  apa makna dinamika sistem simbol kependetaan pada masyarakat Hindu di Kota Mataram? Penelitian ini dirancang dalam penelitian deskriptif interpretatif dengan menggunakan model studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan teknik reduksi data, display data, dan verifikasi data. Keabsahan data dicek dengan teknik pengujian kredibilitas, transferabilitas dan konfirmabilitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa dinamika simbol kependetaan di Kota Mataram mengalami perubahan yang awalnya menggunakan simbol masiwa-budha belakangan ini ada kecenderungan penggunaan simbol pendeta sarwa Sadhaka.. Fungsi dinamika simbol kependetaan di Kota Mataram, yaitu untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan pengembangan terhadap tugas dan wewenang seorang pendeta. Dampak dari dinamika sistem simbol kependetaan di Kota Mataram bertendensi menimbulkan dua fenomena, yaitu segregasi sosial dan polarisasi sosial. Makna dari dinamika simbol kependetaan terdiri dari makna religius, teologis, etis, mistis, solidaritas sosial, kultural dan ekonomis.
Antiviral Activity of Kagocel® on the Model of Experimental Lethal Influenza Infection
Authors: Zarubaev V. V. , Garshinina A. V. , Slita A. V. , Belyaevskaya S. V. , Lavrentieva I. N.
Published: May 2020

Despite the obvious advances in vaccination and therapy, influenza remains a poorly controlled infection with high morbidity and mortality. This study examined the antiviral activity of interferon inducer Kagocel on a mouse model of lethal influenza pneumonia. It has been shown that the therapeutic and prophylactic use of Kagocel leads to a dose-dependent decrease in specific mortality and suppression of virus reproduction in lung tissue. The effect of Kagocel was statistically identical to the effect of the reference drug — Arbidol (umifenovir).
Vaccination in Rheumatology: New Data (Based on Recommendations of the European League Against Rheumatism)
Authors: Belov B. S. , Tarasova G. M. , Muravyova N. V.
Published: May 2020

Comorbid infections have a significant effect on morbidity and mortality in modern rheumatology, especially in immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IMIRD). In this regard, vaccination is becoming increasingly important in the prevention of infections in IMIRD. The article analyzes an updated version of the recommendations for vaccination of adult patients with IMIRD, proposed by experts of the European League Against Rheumatism at the end of 2019. The safety and immunogenicity of vaccination associated with the prevention of various infections in patients with IMIRD are discussed. The main directions of future research on this issue are outlined.
Drinking water. Microscopic fungi.
Mycotoxins (literature review)
Authors: Zabolotnyi Dmytro , Rudenko Adel , Saprykina Mariia
Published: May 2020

We have analized available literature on the capability of micro-
scopic fungi (micromycetes) to exist and reproduce in the water

(i.e. tap water) that is provided to consumers. The following mi-
cromycetes, most typically present in tap water, were identified,

namely: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Alternaria, Clad-
osporium and Candida. The average number of micromycetes

ranges from 8 to 18 CFU/100 cm3

, with yeast fungi dominantly

present. Toxic substances (mycotoxins) that produce microscop-
ic fungi are described, as well as their effects on the human body.

It is noted that most mycotoxins stimulate formation of excessive

free radicals and oxidative stress, which leads to impaired func-
tion of the body’s antioxidant system, namely the production of

a prooxidant enzyme in liver cells, immune organs and in the
gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, , the presence of processes of

apoptosis that lead to little sorption syndrome, immunosuppres-
sion. The potential water routes of mycotoxins into the human

body have been identified. The ability of mycotoxins, which form
micromycetes – most often found in tap water, to cause cancer,
have been analyzed in detail, using available literature on the

subject. Mainly the effect of aflatoxins, trichothecenes, ochratox-
ins and gliotoxins was examined. The presence of microscopic

fungi in water supplied to the consumer, as well as their ability to
form toxins necessitates systematic studies of water samples for
the detection of micromycetes and the toxins present in it. And,
finally, an important avenue for further research is outlined,

which is to develop a simple and affordable method for the de-
tection of mycotoxins in the water, based on the use of a sensitive

test objects.
Key words: drinking water‚ micromycetes‚ mycotoxins‚ human
health
For citation: Zabolotnyi DI, Rudenko AV, Honcharuk VV,
Saprykina MM, Bolgova OS. Drinking water. Microscopic fungi.
Mycotoxins (literature review). Journal of the National Academy of
Medical Sciences of Ukraine. 2019;25(3):253–59
Qué tiene la velocidad…
Authors: Pascual Gay Juan
Published: May 2020

La velocidad en el fin de siglo se asocia al progreso y la modernidad. Como nuevo elemento de la sociedad, los escritores mexicanos de este periodo la van asumiendo como factor decisivo de la literatura y el arte. No siempre, ni todos los escritores la aceptaron de buen grado, pero ese mismo rechazado exhibe su creciente importancia.
The Role of Mosquito Surveillance in Monitoring Arboviral Infections in Croatia
Authors: Janev Holcer Nataša , Capak Krunoslav , Vilibić-Čavlek Tatjana , Jeličić Pavle , Bucić Lovro
Published: May 2020

In accordance with the noticed growing trend in the number of vector-borne disease cases, the extent of public health significance of this problem is also increasing. However, the strengthening of capacities for suppression of these outbreaks is present. With the aim of protecting population from arbovirus infections, there is a need for continuous monitoring and evaluation of risk factors related to vectors and vector borne diseases and human health, for which data is acquired through monitoring programs. In order to address these issues, several activities must be integrated and taken into consideration: vector surveillance, entomological activity, early detection system, preventive measures, counter-epidemic measures and virus detection in vectors, reservoirs or infected animals. There is a legal framework regarding mosquito monitoring on a local, as well as national level. Additionally, at the initiative of the Croatian Institute of Public Health, invasive mosquito species monitoring is being implemented and continuously conducted since 2016.
Hepatitis E Induced „Acute-On-Chronic” Liver Failure - Do We Transplant or Not?
Authors: Dinjar Kujundžić Petra , Mrzljak Anna , Bekan Ivan-Budimir , Ostojić Ana , Vince Adriana , Betica Radić Ljiljana , Pavičić Šarić Jadranka
Published: May 2020

Hepatitis E virus is a pathogen of worldwide significance. In developed countries, foodborne transmission of zoonotic genotypes is the most common route of infection. Transfusion transmitted infection is also an important source of infection, particularly in immunocompromised population. In most cases, HEV infection is asymptomatic or presents as an acute self-limiting hepatitis. Rarely it leads to fulminant hepatitis or „acute-on- chronic” liver failure in people with pre-existing chronic liver diseases. The aim of this report is to present the first documented case of HEV-related „acute-on-chronic” liver failure in Croatia in a patient with chronic liver disease listed for liver transplantation. Due to increasing incidence in industrialised countries, HEV infection should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute hepatitis and in patients with unexplained worsening of chronic liver disease.
Adjunctive treatment of leptospirosis with corticosteroids
Authors: Miklaušić Pavić Božana
Published: May 2020

Leptospirosis is one of the most globally widespread zoonosis caused by pathogenic spirochetes from genus Leptospira spp. Icteric leptospirosis is a severe form of the disease which affects 5-15% of patients with leptospirosis, is often rapidly progressive and has a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis of leptospirosis is crucial for initiation of adequate antimicrobial therapy in order to prevent the advent of complications and reduce mortality. Literature offers an increasing amount of evidence that early application of corticosteroids affects the course of the disease, prevents the onset of multiorgan failure, reduces mortality and reduces the duration of hospitalization. This paper is a case report of a patient with severe icteric leptospirosis who was treated with antimicrobial and corticosteroid therapy. The patient recovered fully, with no remaining morbidity after the severe disease.
Measuring the Efficiency of Rice Production in Myanmar Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors:   Ghent University, Belgium, Linn Thuzar , Maenhout Broos ,   Ghent University, Belgium
Published: May 2020

Rice production in Myanmar is constrained by biophysical and socioeconomic factors. Nonetheless, efficient farm practices can enhance productivity, farmers’ profit, and the price and quality of marketed rice. This study analyzed the profitability and efficiency of rice production in the Ayeyarwaddy Region of Myanmar and identified the influencing socioeconomic characteristics and farm-specific characteristics. Primary data from 130 randomly sampled farmers in the Ayeyarwaddy Region were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, data envelopment analysis (DEA), and Tobit regression analysis. According to the average overall technical efficiency, farmers have an additional rice yield potential of 25 percent that can be attained by improving input utilization. The best practices benchmarked in the region showed that technical inefficiency is caused by excessive use of inputs, especially herbicides and animal power. Most rice farms in this study suffer from allocative and economic inefficiencies resulting from wrong combinations of input usages. The average economic efficiency level indicates that farmers can increase their profitability by 57 percent if they adapted to reduce input costs. Moreover, efficiency was significantly higher for farmers who were younger, better educated, more experienced, had access to agricultural extension services, and cultivated the Aye Yar Min variety. Efficiency can be improved by setting up farmers’ cooperatives to increase the scale of operations. Moreover, the government should intervene to reduce input prices, control the quality of input seeds, and install an appropriate financial crop insurance mechanism. Effective and systematic agricultural extension services should be widespread to improve the efficiency and decision-making skills of rice farmers in the study area.
Technical Efficiency and Social Capital in Tilapia Aquaculture Production in Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines
Authors:   Ateneo de Manila University, Jandoc Aljanet
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on tilapia aquaculture production in Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. Primary data were collected from a field survey. Apart from investigating the effects of technical efficiency variables (e.g., operator’s experience, age of fishpond owner, and frequency of visits of the manager) on the production frontier, this study also incorporated social capital variables (e.g., social network and trust) as additional factors affecting the frontier. A cross-sectional analysis of 202 fishpond operators from the 10 municipalities in the province was conducted using stochastic frontier analysis, where the error component consists of both the usual two-side random shocks and the one-side technical inefficiency shocks. Results suggest that social network has an indirect but significant relationship to aquaculture harvest. On the other hand, harvest is significantly influenced by community trustworthiness, which implies that fish farmers who do not readily lend money to members of their community are able to increase their harvest because they can devote their funds to production activities.