bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and analysis of the efficiency fiber-optic communication lines using DWDM technologies
Authors: Ibrahimov Bayram
Published: April 2023

The performance indicators fiber-optic communication lines using spectral technology with separation communication channels are analyzed. The effectiveness of the use network resources optical telecommunication systems using spectral technologies based on the architectural concept of the next NGN (NGN, Next Generation Network) and future FN (FN, Future Network) networks has been studied. This work is devoted to the construction methods for calculating the indicators optical networks and the study methods and tools for improving the efficiency using network and channel resources fiber-optic communication lines using dense spectral multiplexing optical signals with separation communication channels. The problem ensuring effective management channel and network resources in optical communication networks are considered. As a result of the study technology spectral multiplexing, a new approach to the construction of a calculation method is proposed that describes the efficiency managing network and channel resources in fiber-optic communication lines, taking into account the numerous requirements their parameters and transfer characteristics. On the basis of the calculation method, analytical expressions are obtained that allow estimating the resources of the system, indicators informational and spectral efficiency of the functioning fiber-optic communication lines. The results of the research can be applied by cellular operators when designing an optical telecommunications network, in particular, to determine the optimal value of the capacity optical systems based on wavelength multiplexing technology and modulation spectral efficiencies.
A Review of urban design projects and theories: types and criteria
Authors: Rezaei Mahmud
Published: April 2023

This article reviews urban design projects in terms of types and criteria. It categorizes urban design projects and identifies the criteria based on which an urban project comes to fruition. Reviewing categories and successful factors for urban design projects may supports urban decision makers and activists to enhance their activities more systematically. In addition to an extensive urban design literature review, the consensus from various professional panels is generated through structured questionnaires. Some groups of urbanists including architects, urban designers, planners, sociologists, and urban managers have continuously taken part in the surveys. In the first stage, proper urban projects are suggested by various groups. After categorizing the suggested projects, next surveys have continued structurally to discover, summarize and evaluate these selections. As a result, four urban project types and three main criteria have been summarized.
A Personalized and precision medicine framework in the treatment of pre-existing conditions in coronavirus disease
Authors: Sunday Itodo Ewaoche , Ibor oboma Yibala , Alade Tolulope
Published: April 2023

In healthy individuals, the immune system processes pathogens with a natural immune response that is mild and non-lethal; however in those that are immune-compromisedelderly and those with pre-existing conditions- diabetes, high blood pressure, dysbiosis and chronic liver disease etc., their immune system may overreact; and in the case of COVID-19, attacking lung epithelial cells and tissues resulting in vitamin A deficiency which shrinks the epithelial cells. Continuous exposure to this chemical stressor by the virus will result in squamous keratinization of the skin, digestive tract, respiratory tract, genitourinary system etc. leading to symptoms of dry skin, diarrhoea, coughing, keratomalacia associated with coronavirus leading to hospitalization and mortality. The immune cells notably the macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells etc. become weakened and dysfunctional especially among the elderly with chronic diseases. Boosting the immune system holds sway for infectious diseases (COVID-19) and non-communicable diseases rather than the reductionist science of modern allopathic medicine.
Validity evidences of the BAID-IJ self-esteem scale
Authors: Soares Lizandra
Published: April 2023

This study analyzed psychometric properties of the Evaluation Battery for Childhood Depression Indicators (BAID-IJ) – Self-Esteem Scale through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). We used a sample of 388 adolescents from Sergipe, aged between 14 and 19 years. The EFA was performed to analyze the items structure and we also estimated the internal consistency index. Results confirmed the unidimensional structure of that scale, as well as a high internal consistency. Regarding the sex variable, boys showed self-esteem scores higher than girls. Finally, we conclude that the BAID-IJ Self-Esteem scale has good psychometric qualities and it is an accurate instrument for assessing self-esteem in adolescents.
Patients under medical conditions, immunogenicity and safety of covid-19 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cheepsattayakorn Attapon
Published: April 2023

A comprehensive search was carried out in mainstream bibliographic databases or Medical Subject Headings, including ScienDirect, PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science. The search was applied to the articles that were published between January 2020 and early 2023 with strict literature search and screening processes, it yielded 14 articles from 373 articles of initial literature database. Among 14 study results, there was acceptable for immunogenicity (both humoral and cellular immune responses (a key response for the development of a vaccination-induced immunogenicity and safety in 11 studies (78.57 %), whereas acceptable potent immunogenicity was found in patients aged more than 40 years with chronic diseases, particularly, chronic respiratory diseases and coronary artery diseases. Only potent T-cell response was identified in one study. No significant difference in vaccine safety compared with healthy subjects and effective neutralizing antibodies (two doses completion) against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in patients older than 60 years with diabetes and/or hypertension were demonstrated after completion of COVID-19 vaccination. Immunogenicity (both humoral and cellular) and safety in aged people and individuals living with various chronic diseases (both infectious and non-infectious) is highlighted in this study. In conclusion, specified local and systemic AEs and unsolicited AEs, AESI, and SAEs after each vaccination and after the second dose should be monitored. Recording the adverse events of special interest (AESI) and serious adverse events (SAEs) throughout the patients’ vaccination course should be performed and can decrease COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in these persons.
Distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in genital warts in patients attended a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mizanur , Rahim Rummana , Hasan Abu , Manzoor Jasmin
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) association in genital wart is well known, however, data are mostly from developed countries and no data from Bangladesh is yet available. Methods: In order to see the HPV association and type distribution in genital warts in Bangladeshi patients, we screened DNA from warts and checked presence of HPV by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Out of 44 wart specimens from 44 patients, 30(68.18%) were found positive for HPV. Out of these 30 positive patients low risk HPVs were 25 (83.33%) and high risk HPVs were 3(10%) and co-infection with low risk and high risk HPVs were 2(6.66%). Among the low risk HPVs, type 6 was found in 23(85.18%) and type 11 was found in 4(14.8%) indicating high dominance of HPV type 6. Among the high risk HPVs, type 16 was found in one, type 18 was found in one and HPV other than type 16 and 18 was found in three patients. Though the number of male patients in this study was smaller than female patients (10 vs 34) type distribution of HPVs in warts from male and female are similar. Conclusion: Although it is accepted that HPV 6 and 11 genotypes are main causes of warts, our findings show non-negligible incidence of multiple infections and high-risk genotypes in both male and female with benign HPV manifestations (warts). This is the first report of HPV documentation and type distribution in genital warts in Bangladesh and hence demand further large scale study.
Laparoscopic hernioplasty in Mexico: results of a national survey
Authors: Weber-Sánchez, Alejandro
Published: April 2023

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide but in most countries, including Mexico, the laparoscopic approach has developed at a slower pace than other surgical techniques. In the absence of a national hernia registry and with the purpose of understanding how laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair stands in our country, we performed a large survey among Mexican surgeons and evaluated different aspects about this minimally invasive procedure. Methods: A structured survey with 40 single and multiple answer questions, using the Survey MonkeyVR (www. surveymonkey.com) platform was conducted from April 2014 to March 2015. The questionnaire was uploaded online in the websites of the two main mexican surgical societies: Asociación Mexicana de Cirugía Endocópica (AMCE), and Asociación Mexicana de Cirugía General (AMCG) during one year, and members were asked to participate voluntarily. A sample size of 968 responses was statistically calculated. Questions analyzed about laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair were focused on training, experience, practice, and availability of the procedure. Results: A total of 1,151 questionnaires were collected. Of those who answered the question about having had training in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) (74.29%), approximately 53% answered affirmatively. Only 47% of these considered their training adequate. More than half of the respondents had no training during their residency program and only 17% reported as performing more than 10 cases as a surgeon and 31% as an assistant. More than 70% required further training after their residency. Routine practice of LIHR is performed by 26% of respondents while never performed by 32.5%. Approximately 40% wishes to obtain training and more than 70% accept to be limited by lack of training. Conclusions: Our survey shows that laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has had a very slow development in Mexico, as it has in other countries. The large diversity of surgical care conditions and training opportunities seems to be the most relevant factor. Larger national registry data are required for a better understanding and for better planning of training and availability for this minimally invasive procedure.
Fondo documental diocesano “Monseñor Leonidas Proaño”: a fundamental source for the history of Chimborazo in Ecuador during the second half of the 20th Century
Authors: Olouch Maurice Sheith
Published: April 2023

In 1990, the diocesan documentary fund "Monseñor Leonidas Proaño" was opened to preserve the diocesan historical archive in the Diocese of Riobamba. Taita Proaño, as indigenous people know him, is known for advocating indigenous rights in Ecuador and Latin America. The purpose of this article is to show the public the existence and importance of this fund, as well as some of the topics that we can find in this library of documentaries that can be useful to those interested in understanding and reconstructing history. Chimborazo, Ecuador, and Latin America in the second half of the 20th century.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ТА ОЦІНКА РИЗИКІВ ТЕХНОГЕННИХ КАТАСТРОФ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ НАФТОХІМІЧНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ
Authors: Сукач С. , Чеберячко Ю. , Петренко І. , Рєзнік Д. , Губачов О. , Цибульник Н.
Published: April 2023

Вступ. Для техногенної безпеки останнім часом все частіше використовують технології моделювання надзвичайних ситуацій (НС). Разом з цим для розширення (уточнення) отриманих результатів додатково розраховують ризики.Проблематика. Питання безпеки у процесі виробництва та зберігання нафтопродуктів є дуже важливим, оскільки існує значний ризик токсичних викидів, пожеж, вибухів, які можуть призвести до катастрофічних ситуацій, зокрема й з травмуванням і загибеллю людей.Мета. Моделювання можливих сценаріїв та оцінка ризиків розвитку надзвичайних ситуацій на об’єктах виготовлення і зберігання нафтопродуктів.Матеріали й методи. На основі аналізу літературних джерел зазначеної тематики застосовано емпіричний науковий метод, що полягає у математичних розрахунках, комп’ютерних симуляціях за допомогою програмного забезпечення.Результати. Проведено три комп’ютерні симуляції надзвичайних ситуацій на нафтопереробному заводі, які можуть виникнути за різних обставин. Отримано можливі наслідки НС та розраховано ймовірні ризики ураження людей тепловим випромінюванням та з використанням пробіт-функцій визначено залежності умовної ймовірності перетину больового порогу опіків першого, другого та третього ступенів, що дозволяє удосконалити та збалансувати систему прийняття управлінських рішень щодо здійснення заходів реагування на надзвичайні ситуацій. Наведенорекомендації для контролю зон і зниження потенційного ризику надзвичайних ситуацій на нафтохімічних підприємствах (заводах).Висновки. Отримані результати можна використовувати при модернізації існуючої системи безперервних спостережень, лабораторного та іншого контролю для оцінки стану захисту населення і територій та об’єктів підвищеної небезпеки, для раціоналізації системи лікувально-евакуаційного забезпечення, а отримані картографічні матеріали —для навчань працівників ДСНС.
The Influence of Configuration Parameters of the Planetary Drive of Crank Presses on its Dynamic and Energy-Consumption Characteristics
Authors: Vasilchenko T. , Hrechanyi O. , Shevchenko I.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The planetary drive has been widely found in the activation systems of crank presses as it improves working conditions of friction units and reduces press metal consumption and energy consumption.Problem Statement. For studying the planetary motion of its main parts, it is advisable to consider its operation as four periods characterized by different patterns of changes in external loads and, consequently, different patterns of motion of core parts. The periods between switching the brakes when one link has not stopped, while other one starts moving is of the greatest interest. The problem of dynamic and energy-consumption parameters of the drive in transient conditions still remain a little open.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to qualitatively assess the influence of configuration parameters on the dynamics of the processes of switching and stopping the planetary drive.Material and Methods. The parameters of the experimental pilot plant, a model planetary drive with a nominal load of 400 kN, have been calculated. The minimum speed of the central gear has been estimated depending on the moments of inertia of the leading mass and the outer gear. The obtained dependences have been processed with the use of a standard mathematical apparatus.Results. It has been found that the energy-consumption and dynamic parameters of the drive are significantly influenced by such characteristics as moments of inertia and braking moments, while decreasing angular velocity of the drive flywheel does not depend on the moments of inertia of the stopped links. The rate of braking processes is determined by the elastic properties of the friction materials and the parameters of the brake springs, not by the parameters of compressed air outflow.Conclusions. The obtained analytical and graphical dependences have allowed not only qualitative, but also quantitative assessment of the influence of the parameters on the dynamics of processes. These recommendations can be used at the design stage, to select the optimal parameters of the drive with the predicted properties.
РОЛЬ ЛОГІСТИКИ У РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ
Authors: Кришталь Г.
Published: April 2023

Вступ. Траєкторія розвитку сільського господарства в Україні на сьогодні є турбулентною через військові дії країниагресора, тому роль логістики є однією з ключових.Проблематика. При вирішенні проблеми розвитку сільського господарства в умовах військових дій на території держави домінуючого значення набуває логістика, концептуальному осмисленню ролі якої наразі не надано належної уваги.Мета. Визначення ролі логістики в економічному розвитку сільського господарства в сучасних умовах війни в Україні.Матеріали й методи. Застосовано методи синтезу, аналізу (двокроковий метод найменших квадратів) та модель із фіксованими ефектами, метод історичного та логічного моделювання, метод «від абстрактного до конкретного», метод економіко-математичного моделювання та економічної інтерпретації, метод груповання статистичних даних, статистичний та економетричний аналіз, графічний метод.Результати. Проведено аналіз об’ємів логістики зернових культур залізничними, авто- та річковими шляхами. З’ясовано тенденції, які дали можливість визначити напрями для розвитку сільського господарства України в умовах війни, а саме: збільшення об’ємів посівних площ, збільшення кількості робочих місць для жителів сільської місцевості, введення (вирощування, закупівля) нових сортів посівних культур, підвищення якості оброблюваних земельних площ, придбання модернізованої техніки для обробітку, зберігання та логістика зернових культур, збільшення обсягів врожаю, який може бути експортованим.Висновки. Визначення напрямів розвитку сільського господарства України в умовах війни дало можливість довести, що ефект від окреслених напрямів не можливий без введення відповідних заходів, спрямованих на розвиток логістики в країні та зернового ринку. Доведено зв’язок «логістика — зерновий ринок — розвиток сільського господарства», який характеризує мікро- і макроекономічні ефекти цієї взаємодії та відображає роль суспільно-економічного розвитку держави цьому процесі.
Characteristics of the intestinal microflora in children receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy
Authors: Bryukhacheva Ekaterina O. , Zakharova Yulia V. , Otdushkina Larisa Yu. , Pyanzova Tatyana V.
Published: April 2023

The progress in investigating microbiome in children and adolescents as well as its impact on maintaining health is considered one of the most significant achievements of modern medicine. In children with various diseases, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the intestinal microflora change, which causes the development of dysbiosis. The assessing changes in intestinal microflora in children during treatment with anti- tuberculosis drugs has retained its importance and relevance due to insufficient data in the field, which requires a more detailed understanding of this problem. The presented article assesses the state of gut microbial biocenosis in children receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment. The purpose of the study: to study the microbial landscape of the colonic contents in children receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy. Materials and methods. The study included 24 children with verified tuberculosis of the respiratory organs receiving treatment in a 24-hour hospital of the Kuzbass Clinical Phthisiopulmonological Medical Center named after I.F. Kopylova. The study of intestinal microflora was carried out by a quantitative bacteriological method. The material of the study was feces collected in a sterile disposable container, which was delivered to the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Virology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian Ministry of Health. Results. Dysbiosis with predominance of microecological disorders of II (41.7%) and III (37.3%) degrees was detected in all children receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy. The microbial landscape of the intestine was characterized by a decrease in the quantitative content of representatives of the obligate flora Bifidobacterium spp. in 66.7% of children and Lactobacillus spp. in 45.8%, an increase in the number of facultative microorganisms: E. coli lac+ and Citrobacter freundii in 12.5%. Maintaining a full-fledged and active intestinal normobiota is possible by ensuring its dynamic control in children with tuberculosis during treatment. The results of studying the characteristics of the microbiota suggest that patients need probiotic therapy during the treatment of tuberculosis. Conclusion. Microecological disorders in children with tuberculosis therapy were characterized by a decrease in the quantitative content of representatives of obligate flora and an increase in the number of facultative microorganisms. Also in the material, various types of fungi of the genus Candida were identified.
liderazgo directivo del rector y su influencia en el compromiso docente de instituciones educativas de Aguazul – Casanare.
Authors: Arenas Parada Alba Luz
Published: April 2023

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general el determinar la influencia del liderazgo directivo del rector sobre el compromiso docente de las instituciones educativas de Aguazul – Casanare; donde el tipo de investigación es básico o puro, el diseño es no experimental, de nivel  explicativo con enfoque cuantitativo, la información se recabó por corte transversal, la muestra es de 134 docentes considerando tres instituciones (Camilo Torres Restrepo con 49, San Agustín  con 43 y Jorge Eliecer Gaitán con 42) escogidos al azar. La técnica empleada es la encuesta y se aplica por medio de cuestionario como instrumento.

Se analizaron los niveles de liderazgo considerados como adecuados para caracterizar al rector de cada institución, destacando la priorización de logro de objetivos y el compromiso con la entidad por medio de la medición del compromiso afectivo. Por tanto, se presenta la influencia del factor de liderazgo directivo
Juegos tradicionales como estrategia en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje
Authors: Salcedo Quiroz Wilmer Moisés , Goez Truco Shirle , Guarín Suárez Samir , Aponte Rivera Adriana
Published: April 2023

El juego como un elemento básico de la pedagogía y las metodologías educativas aporta beneficios importantes tanto al desarrollo como al aprendizaje, considerando que contribuye a mejorar la experiencia que viven los niños. De esta manera, el objetivo principal del estudio fue determinar el papel de los juegos tradicionales como una estrategia en el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje de los estudiantes de Educación Básica Primaria de la Institución Educativa La Ventura, de San Benito Abad Sucre. La metodología que se empleó se fundamentó en un enfoque cuantitativo con un alcance descriptivo – exploratorio y un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal, la muestra estuvo conformada por los docentes de básica primaria, y como instrumento de recolección de la información se construyó una encuesta enfocada a los docentes de la institución. Los resultados demostraron que una proporción casi que poco relevante de los docentes hacen uso de estrategias lúdicas, así como perciben que el colegio no cuenta con los espacios adecuados para la recreación. De esta forma se llegó a la conclusión que los juegos tradicionales con un recurso que puede ser de gran ayuda para fomentar la adquisición de los conocimientos dentro del aula de clase y que se debe aumentar su uso.
lectura y escritura desde la discapacidad intelectual leve
Authors: Galindo Ascanio Geydi Katherine , Nieto Henao Tatiana Marcela , Pinzón Gonzalez Jully Paola
Published: April 2023

Actualmente la discapacidad intelectual es un reto para la comunidad educativa por el desconocimiento de las características y necesidades de la población con este diagnóstico, siendo necesario para la actualización en temas de inclusión identificar los diversos factores que influyen en las dificultades de aprendizaje presentes en esta población. Las investigaciones desarrolladas van dirigidas a estudiar los procesos de aprendizaje y eliminar las brechas educativas en las aulas.

En esta investigación de tipo descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, se planteó el objetivo de identificar las principales dificultades de aprendizaje en el proceso de lectura y escritura de 15 estudiantes de grado cuarto y quinto con diagnóstico de discapacidad intelectual leve entre los 8 y 12 años de un colegio distrital de Bogotá, mediante una caracterización pedagógica con la aplicación de un cuadernillo que evaluaba los componentes del lenguaje y dos listas de chequeo encontrando que las dificultades principales son la ausencia de conectores con un 100%, carencia de signos de puntuación en un 93,33%, uso incorrecto de mayúsculas en un 86,67%, adición de letras y/o palabras en un 80%, confusión y omisión en el orden de las letras y/o palabras con un 73,33%; el uso inadecuado del vocabulario con un 66,67%.
Children’s rights education via game-based activities: An intervention in kindergarten
Authors: Sakka Theonia , Gouscos Dimitris
Published: April 2023

This paper presents an effort for introducing children rights to preschool students transcending conventional methods. An educational intervention was designed and developed for the introduction of preschoolers to issues of survival, development, non-discrimination and protection rights through digital games. The latter were used in online sessions, due to Covid-19 constraints. Educational effectiveness was studied through qualitative analysis of interviews with children before and after the intervention, through questionnaires regarding their degree of fun, and through the projects and the comments they produced during online sessions. Results showed that, following the intervention, individual rights occupied a more central place in the children’s self-awareness. All children approached the issues of rights in relation to the improvement of the quality of life and demonstrated an ethical reasoning regarding the reciprocity of social rules. Digital games mobilized children's creative thinking, dialogue and social reflection through role-playing in distant instructional scenarios. They became useful tools as an asynchronous activity for the creative expression of social messages as well as for the interaction between children and parents. This study highlights the potential of promoting a critical approach to rights-based social issues through digital games at preschool education, as well as the need for developing serious games explicitly focused on children rights education. At the same time, further research is necessary to explore and cross-reference the views of students and parents on children rights for, and through, the use of digital games.
Information Search Patterns in Complex Tasks
Authors: Vakkari Pertti
Published: April 2023

This paper seeks to analyze information search process in complex tasks1. Complex tasks are larger tasks, which lead people to engage in search tasks for finding information to advance those tasks. Search process consists of activities from query formulation to working with sources selected for task outcome. This paper approaches task performance from the cognitive point of view conceptualizing it as changes in knowledge structures. These structures consist of concepts and their relations representing some phenomenon. Changes in knowledge structures are associated to query formulation and search tactics, selecting contributing sources and working with sources for creating task outcome. As a result, hypotheses concerning associations between changes in knowledge structures and search behaviors are suggested. The paper also presents some ideas for success indicators at various stages of search processes.
The relationship between judo specific test performances and physical fitness in prepubescent male judo athletes
Authors: Demirci Ömer Faruk , Ceylan Bayram , Balci Sükrü Serdar
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between judo specific test performances and physical fitness of prepubescent judo athletes. Forty male judo athletes aged 10-13 voluntarily participated. Athletes completed special judo fitness test (SJFT), hikisdashi uchi-komi test (HUT), judogi grip strength tests, and performance-related physical fitness components tests (aerobic power, strength, agility, explosive power, body composition). Correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship between the judo specific tests and physical fitness performances. Significant correlations were found between total throw numbers during SJFT, HUT performance, isometric and dynamic judogi grip strength test performance and general performance-related physical fitness tests. Also, negative correlations were found between judo specific tests performances and body fat percent. It can be concluded from the study that total throws in SJFT, 20 s HUT and dynamic judogi grip strength tests can be used to monitor performances of prepubescent judo athletes as these tests present large significant correlations with performance related physical fitness tests.
Surgical management of acute intestinal obstruction study of 50 cases operated in emergency
Authors: Lad Vipul , Bochiya Girish , Tailor Vasu
Published: April 2023

Background: Intestinal obstruction is one the major cause that patients underwent emergency operations and which might lead to complications that could be turn fatal. Prompt evaluation and treatment prevents mortality and morbidity of post-operative patients.
Methods: Prospective study conducted between 01 April 2020 to 31 March 2022 in 50 patients of intestinal obstruction operated in emergency according to inclusion criteria. Pre-operative, intraoperative, and post-operative assessment and recording of data done.
Results: In 50 cases of intestinal obstruction, commonest age group is 41 to 60 years, pain and obstipation remains major presenting symptoms and tenderness, guarding and rigidity were most common signs. The commonest cause of intestinal obstruction in the adults in this study was postoperative adhesions (44%) followed by Koch’s abdomen (30%). Malignancy of the large bowel was seen in 6 cases constituting 12% of cases, obstructed hernia in 5 cases (10%), intussusception in 3 cases (6%) and gut malrotation in 1 case (2%). Comorbidity like hypertension and diabetes were main causes of post-operative complications.
Conclusions: Maximum incidence of intestinal obstructions were reported in Age group 41-60 years with male predominance. Abdominal pain was the consistent symptoms followed by obstipation. Post-operative adhesion were the most common cause of the intestinal obstruction. Malignancy and multiple comorbidity remains the major risk factor for the post-operative complications and mortality.
The comparative study of intraperitoneal access by open versus close method to create pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgeries
Authors: Parmar Hiren D. , Vadher Lalit
Published: April 2023

Background: Laparoscopy is a Latin word; ‘laparo’ means abdomen and ‘scopein’ means to examine, hence it is an art of examination of abdomen and visceral contents. laparoscopic procedure has been revolutionized and come under routine practice by surgical subspecialties because of it has many advantages over conventional laparotomy like small size scar, short hospital stays, less chance of wound infection, minimal postoperative pain, quick recovery after surgery. The aim of the study was to compare the rates and nature of complication during creation of pneumoperitoneum in open and closed laparoscopic procedure.
Methods: This is a single centre, comparative, observational study. Tools of study include, observation, intraoperative and post-operative observation of complications. Nonprobability sampling (purposive sampling) technique was used in this study. Sample size was 44 (in each group). Written and Informed consent has been taken from all patients who were underwent abdominal laparoscopic surgery.
Results:  This study represents the comparison between different open and closed methods for creation of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic abdominal surgeries. In this study, according to classification of complication at entry level in open method omental injury found in 2 (12%) patients; extra peritoneal insufflations 1 (6%), port site gas leakage 10 (59%), loss of space 1 (6%), entry in wrong plane 3 (17%). In closed method omental injury found in 4 (13%) patients; extra peritoneal insufflations 4 (13%), port site gas leakage 8 (27%) loss of space 5 (17%), entry in wrong plane 7 (23%), abdominal wall haematoma 4 (13%).
Conclusions: Open method is merely safer than closed technique but due to small number of patients took into study as well as study time period is short.  Final judgment for the research, multi centric trials in different institutions are required for the initial, crucial, and technically challenging step of newly emerging field of surgery.
A randomized prospective study comparing ultrasonic shears with electrocautery for post-operative morbidity in modified radical mastectomy
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Siddiqui Azaz Akhtar , Singh Nain , Saurabh Gyan , Ali Shadan
Published: April 2023

Background: Modified radical mastectomy is commonly performed surgery for breast carcinoma. The present study was conducted to compare intra-operative and post-operative surgical outcomes by using monopolar electrocautery and ultrasonic shears in MRM.
Methods: A randomized prospective study was conducted with a sample size of 60 patients who were randomized into two groups. One group underwent MRM using ultrasonic shears (Group A) and the other one using monopolar electrocautery (Group B). Intra-and post-operative outcomes were compared.
Results: Group A had less intra-operative blood loss and it was statistically significant. Group A had less pain score on post op day 1 and it was statistically significant. However, Group A had less intra-operative time and less drain output but it was statistically insignificant. Group A had less post-operative complication (seroma formation, wound infection, hematoma formation and flap necrosis) compare to Group B and it was statistically significant. Group A, patient had early drain removal compare to Group B, and was statistically significantly.
Conclusions: Ultrasonic shears group had significantly lesser intra-operative bleeding, lesser post operative complications, post-operative early drain removal, less post operative pain score, when compared to electrocautery group. However, the two groups had no significant difference in post-operative drain output and operative time.
Comparative study between skin suture versus skin stapler in abdominal surgery
Authors: Ram Singh Hare , Chowdary C. Raghuram , Reddy M. Rajavardhan
Published: April 2023

Background: Through the age’s man sought for methods of binding wounds to promote healing. In olden days various things were used by surgeons but the secret to achieve a good wound healing lies in meticulous tissue dissection followed by selection of suture material, methods of wound closure and postoperative complications. Staplers were originally developed to address the perceived problem of patency i.e., security against leaks of blood or bowel contents in anastomosis in particular but now. It is widely accepted that both sutures and staples can achieve the basic goals of skin wound closure.
Methods: Patients admitted under various surgical units from December 2020 to June 2022 at Mamata Medical College and Hospital, Khammam. A study was carried out with 50 patients undergoing laparotomy electively and emergency.
Results: Skin approximation was much faster with staple as compared to sutures. Post-operative SSI was more common with skin suture group as compared with staples. Cosmetic appearance of the scar was found to be superior in staple group in comparison to conventional suturing group.
Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that skin closure by stapler can be preferred over conventional skin suture.
Spectrum of clinical presentation and surgical management of intestinal tuberculosis at tertiary health centre
Authors: Gupta Sajal , Ram Khoja Hanuman , Akshita  , Gupta Shalu , Sharma K. K.
Published: April 2023

Background: Tuberculosis is a transmittable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread and serious health issue, particularly in developing nations where ignorance, poverty, overcrowding, inadequate sanitation, and malnutrition are prominent. The goal of this study was to assess the clinical signs and outcomes after surgery for intestinal TB and to compare the clinicopathological profile and outcome of surgical therapy of abdominal tuberculosis in our environment to what has been reported in the literature.
Methods: The research was carried out at the SMS hospital in Jaipur, general surgery ward. This was a hospital-based descriptive observational study that lasted until September 2021 carried out from September 2020 to September 2021 the necessary sample size was reached. The sample size was computed using a 95% confidence interval and the assumption that 76.7% of the patients had abdominal pain. The sample size of 68 patients with intestinal TB was rounded up to 70 patients.
Results: Out of 70 patients, there were 30 patients in the age range 15-30 years, followed by 20 (28.57%) in the age group 46-60 years, and 16 (22.85%) in the age group 61-75 years. Females made up 55.71% of the 70 patients.
Conclusions: The disease is characterised by young age at presentation, delayed manifestation, poverty, and high morbidity and mortality in this region. These issues must be addressed in order to provide the best possible treatment for these individuals. The key to an early and successful diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis is extreme monitoring in patients with abdominal symptoms.
A comparative study on short term surgical outcome between laparoscopic inguinal hernia mesh repair vs. open inguinal hernia mesh repair for primary unilateral inguinal hernias
Authors: Thulasilingam Kathirazhagan , Akhter Jameel
Published: April 2023

Background: Current study was performed to compare the short-term surgical outcome of laparoscopic (TAPP) and open inguinal hernia mesh hernioplasty (Lichtenstein) in primary unilateral inguinal hernias such as time taken by patients to return to routine daily activities and return to work.
Methods: This is a prospective, comparative study done in Apollo Main Hospital, Chennai comparing surgical outcomes between laparoscopic and open primary unilateral inguinal hernia mesh repair in a total of 60 patients with 30 patients in each arm.
Results: Return to Job is 8 median days in laparoscopic group and 9 median days in open group which is significant with a p value of 0.000. Pain score at 12th hour is significantly lesser in laparoscopic group with a VAS score of 3 compared to open group with a VAS score of 4 with p value of 0.015. VAS score at POD 1 in laparoscopic group is 2 and in open group is 3 which is significantly lesser in laparoscopic group with a p value of 0.026. Pain score at POD 3 and 4 is significantly lesser in laparoscopic group with a p value of 0.001 and 0.008 respectively. laparoscopic group takes analgesia for a lesser number of days than the open group with a p value of 0.019.
Conclusions: This study concludes laparoscopic repair for primary unilateral inguinal hernias is superior to Lichtenstein tension free mesh hernioplasty in terms of postoperative pain, early return to job and less consumption of postoperative analgesia.
A prospective observational study of role of pedis scoring in predicting complications of diabetic foot in a tertiary centre
Authors: Sivakumar Sivaranjani , Kesavan Rajesh , Reddy Balachandar Kariappa
Published: April 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases affecting major population in the world. Diabetic foot ulcer still remains the most common manifestation of diabetes mellitus requiring hospitalisation and invariably resulting in increased risk of morbidity. Our aim is to know the usefulness of PEDIS scoring in identifying the severity of diabetic foot ulcer and its management.
Methods: In this prospective observational study, data of patients with foot ulcer who came to Apollo hospital in Chennai were collected for one year from July 2021 to May 2022. They were followed up for a period of six months. Patients were assessed and classified according to the PEDIS scoring system. All the data were analyzed by IBM SPSS statistics for windows version 25.0 (IBM corp, Armonk, Newyork USA). All p values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: Out of one seventy-five patients, one hundred and thirteen were categorized as low risk group with a score between 0-7 and sixty-two as high-risk group with a score between 8-12. Majority of the high-risk groups developed complications like non healing ulcer, osteomyelitis, amputation. It is more prevalent among men with age preponderance for elderly. Whereas management of low-risk groups were limited only to conservative management and debridement. Of twenty-one patients with osteomyelitis, thirteen patients underwent amputation.
Conclusions: Based on our study, we have come to a conclusion that the PEDIS scoring system actually helps in grading the diabetic foot and its management.
Comparative study on outcome of surgical management of varicose veins with and without great saphenous vein stripping
Authors: Gourraj Sanghamithra , Shastri Sree Mounika , Anantha Bhanu Prakash
Published: April 2023

Background: Varicose veins of lower limb are multiple elongated dilated and tortuous veins. It is a progressive disease that worsens as the day passes. The treatment modalities available are conservative, surgical and endovenous therapies. It is accepted that surgical treatment is required for symptomatic varicose veins, to relieve symptoms and to prevent the long-term sequelae of eczema, lipodermatosclerosis and venous ulceration. Different surgical interventions may be used, but most preferred treatment applied is saphenofemoral flush ligation and ligation of incompetent perforators.
Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted on 60 patients in the department of general surgery, Mamata general hospital from July 2020 to June 2022. 60 patients were allocated into two groups of 30 patients each, who underwent flush ligation of saphenofemoral junction with stripping of long saphenous varicose vein and Trendelenburg surgery alone (flush ligation of sapheno femoral junction) respectively.
Results: The hematoma formation in the thigh was seen in 23.33% of patients who underwent venous stripping whereas it was seen only in 3.33% who underwent Trendelenburg procedure alone. These wounds were examined in the postoperative period. Delayed wound healing was observed in 26.66% in patients with venous stripping and it was 10% with Trendelenburg procedure alone. There was no significant difference in postoperative ambulation, hospital stay and pain relief after 2 months.
Conclusions:  From this study with the observed variables, it is concluded that the Trendelenburg procedure with incompetent perforators ligation without venous stripping appears to be better than Trendelenburg procedure with incompetent perforators ligation with venous stripping.
Clinico-pathological features and surgical management of multinodular goitre
Authors: Hota Prasan Kumar , Fareedh Mahammad , Murthika Praneet
Published: April 2023

Background: Enlargement of thyroid gland is the most common manifestation of thyroid disease. Most of the patients come from endemic zones. This study was designed to study various aspects of clinicopathological presentations of multinodular goitre and their optimal surgical management.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 50 cases of multinodular goitre with an adequate follow up to look for epidemiological parameters such as clinical presentation, pathological behaviour and modality of management including post operative complications over a period of 02 years.
Results: Females were predominant in number over males with a sex ratio 24:1. FNAC was done for all patients and was found to be 100% accurate. Majority of the patients were treated with total thyroidectomy (56%), followed by hemithyroidectomy (44%). Complications included wound infection (4%) and seroma formation (4%).
Conclusions: Multi nodular goitre is more common in females and majority are in the age group of 31-39 years. The chief complaint in majority of the patients is swelling in front of the neck and few patients with pressure symptoms. FNAC is an invaluable, minimally invasive, highly accurate and cost-effective procedure for preoperative diagnosis and management of multinodular goitre. The main indication for surgery in MNG is cosmetic problem and total thyroidectomy is the ideal treatment of MNG with minimal complications.
Evaluate the optimal stent duration following endourology procedures: 5 days versus 14 days
Authors: Banerjee Avijit , P. Velmurugan , K. Natarajan
Published: April 2023

Background: Most urologists prefer not to place a stent in an uncomplicated URS (ureterorenoscopy) in the post-op period. Even if they do so, they place it with an extraction string that can be removed in post-op day 3-5 based on the patient’s compliance. Here we sought to determine the optimal duration of stenting following endo-urology procedures (URSL, RIRS, PCNL) for stone disease (5 days vs 14 days).
Methods: It was a prospective randomised study where 1547 patients were evaluated over a span of 1.5 years, 671 of whom stent was removed on day 5 and 876 of whom stent was removed on day 14.
Results: Of all the patients, 32% experienced post-procedure-related events within 30 days (15% of 5-day stent removal compared to 44.9% of 14-day patients).
Conclusions: Removal of the stent on the 5th day does not warrant re-procedure and is associated with fewer post-procedure-related symptoms.
Which suture is ideal for abdominal fascial closure: polydioxanone or polypropylene?
Authors: Singla Anjali , Bansal A. R. , Chopra Vishal , Chopra Divyasha , Bansal Joy
Published: April 2023

Background: A secured fascial closure with appropriate suture material is an integral step to prevent complications in laparotomy. A costly post-operative complication is wound dehiscence which manifests as incisional hernia as a delayed complication. The present study compared prolene and polydioxanone (PDS) sutures in patients undergoing midline closure after emergency exploratory laparotomy with the aim to evaluate wound outcome after the use of either of the sutures.
Methods: Sixty-six patients undergoing emergency laparotomy were randomly divided into two groups: group A (PDS) and B (prolene). Wound complications were evaluated for each patient in terms of wound pain, wound discharge, burst abdomen, stitch sinus, stitch granuloma and incisional hernia.
Results: Wound pain was observed more in prolene group, p<0.05 till 3rd post-op day. Wound discharge, wound dehiscence and burst abdomen were more in prolene group, but the difference was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Six patients developed incisional hernia, out of which 5 had prolene, (p>0.05). Similar statistically insignificant difference was found with stitch granuloma and stitch sinus.
Conclusions: Till date there is lack of agreement about the ideal suture for abdominal fascial closure. Present study concluded that any suture material is equally effective for abdominal fascial closure since there are many other factors contributing towards wound complications.