bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PANCHAKARMA IN SWASTHA: A REVIEW
Authors: V M Manal , D M Shreyas , Goud Kiran M
Published: May 2021

Ayurveda is an ancient science of life since time immemorial. Ayurveda, apart from providing various therapeutic measures for diseases, emphasizes on maintenance, promotion of health and prevention of diseases through diet and lifestyle regimens. According to the seasons, their dosha will get vitiated in the body which may additionally in flip leads to many diseases. If one takes care of this by performing Shodhana in each season may additionally pacify the vitiated dosha and help in preventing the ailment, these will act as preservative, promotive, and curative. This article enlightens on maintenance of preventing the occurrence of diseases by following Panchakarma for Rasayanadi asadharana guna prapti.
Heavy Metals Analysis of Selected Analgesic Syrups in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Nnaneme F. O.
Published: May 2021

Some heavy metals have bio-importance as trace elements but the biotoxic effects of many of them in human biochemistry are of great concern. Hence, there is a need for proper understanding of mechanism involved, such as the concentrations and oxidation states, which make them harmful. This study determined the physical parameters and the mean concentrations of some heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb, Hg, and Ca) in some analgesic syrups. The heavy metals presence in the syrups were estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy after digestion. All analyses were repeated three times for each sample and the mean concentration of the heavy metals taken. The physical parameters showed that the syrups are of red colour, which had a clear solution with sweet tastes. They also gave different pH and density range values. The level of nickel in the samples ranges from 0.49mg/l to 4.12mg/l, cadmium concentration ranges from 1.1mg/l to 3.5mg/l and chromium ranges from 0.04mg/l to 0.49mg/l. The concentration of zinc ranged from 0.04mg/l to 0.67mg/l, lead ranged from -0.1mg/l to 0.7mg/l and mercury concentration ranges from 0.23mg/l to 0.91mg/l. Calcium concentration was not detected in the four samples studied. The concentrations of the studied metals were lower than the W.H.O standard limits, hence the studied syrups are safe for human consumption.
Exploring a Secured Socket Python Flask Framework in Real Time Communication System
Authors: Uchenna Uzo Izuchukwu , Gregory Ugboaja Samuel , Virginus Ugwu Nnaemeka , Angela Obayi Adaora , Enyioma Chigbundu Kanu , Ezeora Nnamdi Johnson , Nneoma Okwueze Chisom , Kenechukwu Anigbogu , Michael Ihedioha Uchechi
Published: May 2021

Communication networks makes it easier to connect internationally in today's world. Chat systems, such as WhatsApp, Twitter, Instagram and others, enable people to connect and chat over the internet. This chat system has evolved into one of the most important intermediate tools for people to exchange information and materials over the internet, thereby requiring secured socket system. In a social cultural environment, communication with a given network goal system necessitates a stress-free method of knowledge delivery. Surfing websites like "My Room" and "Facebook" has become a common occurrence among the younger generation. Nowadays, social networking websites are an important part of people's social, educational, and professional lives. The aim of this study is to create a group communication framework that uses a protected socket browser interface. This architecture was created with a server scripting language, a SQLite database model, and Python web application frameworks in mind.
Histomorphological Characteristics and Distribution of Prostatic Carcinoma Foci Using Multiple Site-Specific Labelled Core Biopsies in a tertiary Hospital in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Omenai S. A. , Mashor I. M. , Chibuzo I. N. C. , Adebayo S. , Shittu O. B. , Ogunbiyi J. O.
Published: May 2021

Background and Objective: There are many evolving prostatic biopsy sampling techniques aimed at improving diagnostic accuracy, localization, prognostication and dictating prostate cancer treatment options. This study analysed the histomorphology, spatial distribution and prognostic implications of site-specific core biopsies of the prostate gland.

Methods: Double-sextant prostate biopsy cores, representing the medial and lateral aspects of the left and right apices, mid-gland and bases of the glands, were microscopically examined prospectively over an 18-month period. These were obtained by transrectal ultrasound guidance. H&E stained slides were examined for the presence, volume, Gleason score and ISUP grade-group of cancer.

Results: Ninety-one patients aged 48 to 88 years (median age 70 years) were seen. In 68.1% of cases all anatomical zones of an examined prostate gland (apices, mid-gland and bases) had cancer. Overall, the apical region of the prostate gland had cancer in 35.6% of cases, the mid-gland portion 33.8% of the time while the basal region was positive in 30.6% of the cases. Tumour was restricted to mid-gland in 5.5% of cases, the apex in 4.4%, whilst it was restricted to the base in 2.2% of the cases. At least a core from all sextant biopsy sites had cancer in 42.9% of cases. Carcinoma volume was least in basally located cancers. ISUP grade group 5 was most frequently seen and grade group 2 was the least seen.

Conclusion: Prostatic carcinomas in our region have poor prognostic indicators such as poor differentiation, high tumour volume, and in most cases involves biopsy cores from all anatomical zones of the prostate.
YIGSR Functionalized Hybrid Exosomes Spatially Target Dasatinib to Laminin Receptors for Precision Therapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tiwari Pratiksha , Shukla Ravi Prakash , Yadav Krishna , Sharma Madhu , Bakshi Avijit Kumar , Panwar Dilip , Singh Neha , Agarwal Neha , Mugale Madhav Nilakanth , Mishra Prabhat Ranjan
Published: February 2025

In this study, YIGSR‐functionalized exosomes (Exo) are engineered and hybridized with lipid polymeric nanoparticles (LPNPs) followed by loading of chemotherapy Dasatinib (DST) to spatially target laminin receptors on tumors. Exo derived from differentiated macrophages are engineered with YIGSR targeting peptides.These YIGSR‐Exo are subsequently fused with LPNPs membranes using the freeze‐thaw method, resulting in fused hybrid YIGSR‐Exo, which are then loaded with DST, creating DST‐FuNP@YIGSR‐Exo and targeted breast cancer (BC), leading to enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential (54.50 ±5.0%), increased reactive oxygen species (59.50 ± 6.0%), and apoptosis (63 ± 6.5%), ultimately inducing cell death. Further, cellular uptake and receptor blocking studies confirm the binding affinity and interaction of DST‐FuNP@YIGSR‐Exo with laminin receptors, Intravenous pharmacokinetic analysis of DST‐FuNP@YIGSR‐Exo reveals a significant improvement in AUC0‐∞, with a 20.84‐fold increase compared to free DST and a 1.61‐fold enhancement over DST‐FuNP@Exo. This is further supported by in vivo imaging and demonstrated improved tumor localization. A tumor regression study shows a 6.8‐fold reduction in tumors. Tumor tissue‐specific IHC for the Ki67 proliferative marker is significantly reduced in the targeted formulation. The potential of DST‐FuNP@YIGSR‐Exo as an effective carrier for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs, paving the path for the advancement of biologically obtained nanocarriers for targeted breast cancer.
“Self‐Capped” Carbon Dots with Excellent Anti‐Bacteria Effect and an Extremely Low Cytotoxicity Applied for Hand Sanitizer
Authors: Wang Meiyan , Peng Nannan , Qin Weixia , Zhu Haimei , Abbas Khurram , Li Yan , Li Zijian , Wang Jingmin , Bi Hong
Published: February 2025

The increasing challenge of antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of novel antibacterial strategies. In this study, a novel kind of self‐capped carbon dots is synthesized from methylene blue (MB) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), and named as MC‐CDs that are specifically designed for enhanced photodynamic antibacterial activity. Under 660 nm laser irradiation, MC‐CDs demonstrate high inactivation rates of Escherichia coli (96.83%) and Staphylococcus aureus (94.44%) at 14 and 18 µg mL−1 effectively, disrupting bacterial cell membranes. The incorporation of zinc cations (Zn2+) doping further enhances the antibacterial potential of MC‐CDs, enabling substantial efficacy even in the absence of light due to improved electrostatic interactions with bacterial membranes. In comparison to commercial agents such as salicylic acid, p‐chloro‐m‐xylenol, and triclosan, Zn@MC‐CDs exhibit superior antibacterial performance. When formulated into a hand sanitizer, Zn@MC‐CDs maintained over 90% efficacy, displaying excellent stability and extremely low cytotoxicity, highlighting their potential for safe and effective use in personal hygiene products. This study introduces self‐capped carbon dot as a promising antibacterial agent, addressing a critical need for advanced and reliable solutions in infection control.
Interface Engineering of 2D Materials toward High‐Temperature Electronic Devices
Authors: Wang Wenxin , Wu Chenghui , Li Zonglin , Liu Kai
Published: February 2025

High‐temperature electronic materials and devices are highly sought after for advanced applications in aerospace, high‐speed automobiles, and deep‐well drilling, where active or passive cooling mechanisms are either insufficient or impractical. 2D materials (2DMs) represent promising alternatives to traditional silicon and wide‐bandgap semiconductors (WBG) for nanoscale electronic devices operating under high‐temperature conditions. The development of robust interfaces is essential for ensuring that 2DMs and their devices achieve high performance and maintain stability when subjected to elevated temperatures. This review summarizes recent advancements in the interface engineering of 2DMs for high‐temperature electronic devices. Initially, the limitations of conventional silicon‐based materials and WBG semiconductors, alongside the advantages offered by 2DMs, are examined. Subsequently, strategies for interface engineering to enhance the stability of 2DMs and the performance of their devices are detailed. Furthermore, various interface‐engineered 2D high‐temperature devices, including transistors, optoelectronic devices, sensors, memristors, and neuromorphic devices, are reviewed. Finally, a forward‐looking perspective on future 2D high‐temperature electronics is presented. This review offers valuable insights into emerging 2DMs and their applications in high‐temperature environments from both fundamental and practical perspectives.
Hybrid Electroluminescence Device for On‐Demand Single Photon Generation at Room Temperature
Authors: Rodek Aleksander , Hajdel Mateusz , Oreszczuk Kacper , Kafar Anna , Aktas Muhammed , Marona Łucja , Potemski Marek , Skierbiszewski Czeslaw , Kossacki Piotr
Published: February 2025

Recent research focused on single photon emitters (SPEs) hosted by layered semiconductors, particularly hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), has revealed a promising alternative to quantum dots (QDs) for generating single, indistinguishable photons. hBN‐based SPEs offer lower material costs, room temperature emission, and easy integration into potential optoelectronic devices due to the layered structure of the host crystal. This work presents compact hybrid electroluminescence devices, in which GaN laser diodes (LDs) are used for bottom‐to‐top excitation of hBN nanoflakes deposited on the laser facets. This approach circumvents the issue of electroluminescence generation from hBN and provides access to the SPE's signal without optical driving by an external laser. Using laser diodes upgraded with Bragg reflectors a room‐temperature generation of single photons from hBN is confirmed by an 80%‐dip in their g(2) second‐order correlation. The on‐demand emission of single photons at room temperature is demonstrated by driving the laser diodes in pulsed operation, with confidence supported by a measured g(2)(0) value of 0.37.
High‐Performance Zinc‐Lead Alloy Green Quasi‐2D Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhong Guangchuan , Yuan Guoqiang , Li Boyang , Qiu Langwen , Zhang Yan , Sun Guanwei , Chen Zhao , Meng Fanyuan , Su Shi‐Jian
Published: February 2025

Lead‐based perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is gaining significant attention for their outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, the intrinsic lead toxicity in these materials presents serious environmental and health risks, limiting their further development. Here, highly efficient zinc‐lead alloy quasi‐2D perovskites are developed through Zn2+ substitution and additive engineering. The Zn2+ substitution improves tolerance factors, increases radiative recombination rates, and suppresses nonradiative recombination, thereby enhancing stability. Additionally, [bis(4‐methoxyphenyl) phosphinyloxy]carbamic acid tert‐butyl ester (BPCA) additive effectively passivates bromine vacancy defects and improves film quality. The successful Zn2+ substitution and additive passivation strategy results in a significantly increased photoluminescence quantum yield from 4.3 to 85.6%. Consequently, high‐performance zinc‐lead alloy green PeLEDs are achieved with a maximum current efficiency of 54.35 cd A−1 and a peak external quantum efficiency of 22.49%, representing the highest performance among green PeLEDs with partial lead substitution. Moreover, the T50 lifetime of Zn‐Lead alloy PeLEDs is ≈8.9 times longer than that of the pristine PeLEDs. The approach not only mitigates lead toxicity but also improves device efficiency and stability, representing a significant advancement toward safer and more sustainable perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.
Identification of Three Distinct Subgroups in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Implication for Sex Differences and Prognostic Outcomes from a Multicenter Study
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhang Ao , Cheng Jianhui , Yao Zhongqiang , Meng Juan , Qin Yilu , Lu Qingyi , Li Yufei , Liu Xiangjun , Li Tianhao , Hou Chao , Tang Yundi , Liu Hongjiang , Xu Ning , Dong Sai , Li Xinxin , Xu Fangmin , Guo Jianping , Li Chun
Published: February 2025

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. This study aimed to identify unrecognized APS subgroups from multicenter cohorts (n = 760, training: n = 415; validation: n = 345). Patients are stratified through unsupervised K‐means clustering analysis. Prognostic outcomes are evaluated using Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses. Proteomic analysis is conducted on primary APS patients (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 12). Key molecule insulin‐like growth factor 1 is validated using ELISA. Three clusters are identified. Cluster 1 (n = 320, 42.1%) is completely consisted of females (100%), with predominant occurrence of pregnancy morbidity (88.8%) but low incidences of thrombocytopenia (18.4%) and thrombosis (15.0%), and a favorable prognosis. Cluster 2 (n = 309, 40.7%) is predominantly female (99.4%) and characterized by high thrombosis (85.8%) and thrombocytopenia (46.6%), low pregnancy morbidity (13.6%), and poor prognosis. Cluster 3 (n = 131, 17.2%) is predominantly male (99.2%), exhibiting highest thrombosis (96.2%) and moderate thrombocytopenia (32.8%), with worst prognosis. Immunological and proteomic analyses clearly differentiated three clusters. This study reveals a distinct difference between obstetric and thrombotic APS, and a sex‐based distinction within thrombotic APS. Three APS subgroups display unique clinical and molecular characteristics, and marked difference in prognostic outcomes.
Multifunctional Conductive Nanofibers for Self‐Powered Glucose Biosensors
Authors: Gungordu Er Seda , Bulathsinghala Rameesh , Kizilates Selvinaz Burcu , Li Bing , Ryan Rucchi , Tabish Tanveer A. , Dharmasena Ishara , Edirisinghe Mohan
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical glucose biosensors are essential for diabetes management, and self‐powered systems present an eco‐friendly and innovative alternative. Traditional biosensors face several limitations including limited sensitivity, enzyme instability, and dependency on external power sources. Addressing these issues, the study develops a novel multifunctional nanofiber integrating biosensor for glucose detection and a self‐powered motion sensor, utilizing an innovative triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) system. Electrospun nanofibers, composed of graphene oxide (GO), porous graphene (PG), graphene foam (GF), polypyrrole (PPy), and polycaprolactone (PCL), demonstrate enhanced electrical conductivity, triboelectric efficiency, and mechanical strength. Among these, dip‐coated nanofibers exhibited the highest conductivity of 4.9 × 10⁻⁵ S/cm, attributed to superior surface electrical properties of GO. PCL/PPy/GO nanofibers achieved the highest glucose detection performance in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry due to efficient electron transfer mechanisms of GO and PPy. Additionally, triboelectric tests revealed peak voltages of 63V with PCL/PPy/GO and polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers containing glucose oxidase enzyme. Core‐sheath and dip‐coated nanofibers also demonstrated significant mechanical resilience (∼0.9 N force, ∼350 s durability). These findings highlight PCL/PPy/GO nanofibers as a multifunctional, efficient, and scalable solution, offering highly sensitive glucose detection and non‐invasive sweat analysis along with robust energy harvesting for environmentally friendly and advanced diabetes management systems.
Hole‐Mediated Lattice Oxygen Redox Design for Perovskite Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Li Xinbo , Wang Xiyang , Wang Yaowen , Shao Jingze , Wu Yimin A. , Jana Subhajit , Liu Haozhe , Peng Yue , Wu Zhiyao , Li Zhen , Cong Yingge , Zhang Yawen , Li Guangshe , Li Liping
Published: February 2025

Present design and application of perovskite oxide catalysts assume lattice oxygen redox (LOR) mechanisms that depend on lattice oxygen activity without consideration of the entire redox cycle. Herein, using in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations, we uncover a hole‐mediated LOR cycle on p‐type Sr‐deficient SrFeO3–δ (SFO‐Srv) perovskites in CO oxidation reaction. Sr vacancies activate surface lattice oxygen of SFO‐Srv and promote formation of highly covalent Fe(4–x)+‐O(2–x)– sites. In situ electrical conductivity measurement demonstrates that holes directly participate in the entire LOR cycle, and are reversibly consumed and regenerated in reducing/oxidizing atmosphere via Fe(4–x)+‐O(2–x)– sites of SFO‐Srv. Hole‐mediated LOR in SFO‐Srv, as revealed by in situ soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, occurs through changing in covalency of Fe−O bonds, O 2p hole state, and electron density of Fe sites. 18O2 labeling experiment further confirms an improved Mars–van Krevelen pathway in the hole‐mediated LOR cycle, which accounts for a ten‐times enhancement of SFO‐Srv for CO reaction rate over that of SFO alone.
Unveiling the Intrinsic Superior SHG Performance of Ce4+ fluoride Masked by Subtle Ce3+ Impurity and Its Effective Removal
Authors: Li Meng-Yue , Liu Xin , Wang Rui Xi , Wu Li-Ming , Chen Ling , Wu Qi
Published: February 2025

Owing to its unique electronic configuration [Xe]4f0, Ce4+‐compound is a highly desired in the field of advanced nonlinear optical materials, yet its synthesis remains a great challange. Herein, we report a series of cerium fluorides, including a pure Ce4+‐fluoride, high‐performance Na2(Ce4+)F6; three mixed valance state samples, (Mix1–3, with increasing Ce3+ concentration); and a fully reduced pure Ce3+‐fluoride Na1.5(Ce3+)1.5F6. In particular, Na2(Ce4+)F6, shows an SHG response (4 × KDP), and a wide band gap (4.77 eV), which are the strongest and widest among all Ce‐containing materials to date. With systematic studies, we demonstrate that the subtle Ce3+ impurity significantly reduces performance. By being aware of this fact and consciously controlling experimental conditions, we can ensure the synthesis of pure Na2(Ce4+)F6, which exhibits excellent overall performance and shows great potential for future applications. This work not only reinforced the crucial role of Ce4+ in significantly enhancing the key performance, but also provided invaluable experimental evidence and theoretical support for the future design of more efficient and superior functional materials.
Catalytic Amino Group Transfer Reactions Mediated by Photoinduced Nitrene Formation from Rhodium‐Hydroxamates
Authors: Jung Hoimin , Kweon Jeonguk , Suh Jong-Min , Arribas Andrés , Kim Dongwook , Lim Mi Hee , Chang Sukbok
Published: February 2025

Herein, we report a photocatalytic platform to access transient nitrenoids by designing photo‐responsive neutral rhodium‐hydroxamate complexes. Combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies, including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and mass spectrometric analysis, suggest that electrophilic Fischer‐type Rh‐acylnitrenoid intermediates could be generated via photoactivation of corresponding Rh‐hydroxamates via N‐O bond homolysis and redox event. Moreover, catalytic acylnitrenoid transfer was explored toward the amidation of various hydrocarbons, amines, and alcohols to furnish new N–C, N–N, and N–O bonds.
Silver Molybdate Nanoparticles for Enhanced Tumor Immunotherapy through Pyroptosis Conversion and Ferroptosis Induction
Authors: Chen Hao , Ding Binbin , Tan Jia , Meng Qi , Li Jing , Zhang Wenying , Zheng Pan , Liu Bin , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun
Published: February 2025

Pyroptosis holds great potential in tumor therapy due to its strong immunogenicity. Several strategies, including ion interference therapy (IIT), are developed to induce pyroptosis. However, the mechanism by which metal oxoanions induced pyroptosis remained unclear. It was reported that MoO42− ions could stimulate immune responses, but their pyroptosis‐inducing mechanisms were not fully understood. Herein, we synthesized uniform and dispersed silver molybdate (Ag2MoO4) nanoparticles (AMO) via a solvothermal method. AMO responded to H2O2 and glutathione (GSH) stimuli, releasing Ag+ and MoO42− ions, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and depleting GSH, thereby inducing ferroptosis and pyroptosis. The MoO42− also inhibited cell migration and upregulated GSDME expression, converting apoptosis into caspase‐3/GSDME‐mediated pyroptosis. Additionally, DNA damage and ROS activated the cGAS‐STING pathway, enhancing innate immunity. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the combination of AMO and the immune checkpoint inhibitor αPD‐1 significantly inhibited tumor growth. This combination promoted dendritic cells (DCs) maturation, increased effector T cell numbers, induced M1 macrophage polarization, and alleviated immunosuppression. This study contributed to a deeper understanding of metal oxoanion‐mediated pyroptosis, supporting its potential application in cancer immunotherapy.
Cost‐Effective Nanosensor Solutions for Ultra‐Sensitive Detection of Metronidazole
Authors: Mobed Ahmad , Darvishi Mohammad , Alivirdiloo Vahid , Ebrahimi Sara , Hajiabbasi Mobasher , Ghazi Farhood , Khanmiri Hamidreza Hassanzadeh
Published: February 2025

Metronidazole (MNZ) is a widely used imidazole antibiotic effective against bacterial and protozoal infections, including giardiasis, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, and antibiotic‐associated colitis. However, prolonged and excessive use of MNZ can lead to serious side effects, such as peripheral neuropathies, toxicity, and optic neuropathy. Therefore, the accurate detection and removal of MNZ present significant technical challenges. This manuscript introduces novel approaches for the development and integration of precise and cost‐effective sensors specifically designed for the accurate measurement of MNZ levels. We explore cutting‐edge nanotechnology strategies for detecting MNZ, with a particular focus on innovative nanobiosensors, including photodynamic‐based biosensors, acousto dynamic sensors, and electrochemical biosensors. Additionally, we delve into the unique challenges and opportunities associated with multiphysics biometric biosensors and related nanotechnologies in the detection of MNZ. This review not only provides insights and scientific evidence regarding the application of nanobiosensors for the accurate measurement of MNZ but also highlights recent advancements in sensor technology that represent a significant leap forward in this field. By emphasizing these novel contributions, we aim to pave the way for future research and development in this critical area. Ultimately, our findings underscore the importance of reliable detection methods in mitigating the risks associated with MNZ use and improving patient safety.
Catalytic Impact of Nano‐Supramolecular Complex Based on Lead and Quinoline‐2‐Carbxylic Acid Ligand as Efficient Catalyst for Removal of Hazardous Materials From Wastewater
Authors: Dalia Saleh , Mahmoud Samy F. , Etaiw Safaa Eldin H.
Published: February 2025

Under ultrasonication, the nanoscale supramolecular complex [Pb (QCA)2]n (NSC1) was formed by the self‐assembly of lead nitrate and quinoline‐2‐carboxylic acid (QCA) as linking ligand. PbII exhibits a (O2N2) distorted square planner geometry, where the PbII atom coordinates to two QCA ligands, according to single crystal X‐ray diffraction of 1. With a packing structure of 1, facing molecules are arranged in parallel planes and joined by multiple H‐bonds and π‐π stacking to form a three‐dimensional network. NSC1 was examined using a variety of structural characterization techniques as well as spectrum studies. Despite the well‐documented toxicity of lead, which is utilized in various products, the nanoscale supramolecular complex [Pb (QCA)2]n (NSC1) demonstrates considerable safety owing to its stability, remaining unaffected by degradation mediums, as corroborated by different techniques. So, under UV or ultrasonic wave conditions, it has been demonstrated that the heterogeneous catalyst NSC1 exhibits significant catalytic activity in presence of H2O2 against the breakdown of the indicated pollutants, indigo carmine (IC) and phenol (Ph), in very short times. Using the disodium salt of terephthalic acid, the photoluminescence probing method was applied to ascertain the reactive oxygen species and the reaction process mechanism.
Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrical Properties of Epoxy Monolith Sheets Containing Carbon Black
Authors: Kamo Yoshiyuki , Matsumoto Akikazu
Published: February 2025

Conductive pastes have been used to bond semiconductors and create electrical circuits, but in recent years their use has expanded to include flexible substrates used in portable and wearable electronic devices that require high stretchability. Conductive pastes using metals, carbons, etc. have problems such as the need to add large amounts of filler and the insufficient mechanical strength and poor heat resistance of the binder polymer material. Recently, epoxy monolith as a new material has been developed to achieve high strength and elongation by introducing a porous structure into cured epoxy resin. In this study, we demonstrate that carbon black (CB), which is added as a conductive nanofiller during the manufacturing process of epoxy monoliths, segregates within the framework of the epoxy monolith and forms conductive paths with a three‐dimensional continuous structure. We investigated the structure and mechanical properties of the CB‐containing epoxy monolith sheets and subsequently characterized their electrical and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, we clarified the change in electrical resistance when tensile stress was applied to the monolith sheet.
Internesting Period and Clutch Frequency of the Endangered Loggerhead Turtle Population of Cabo Verde
Authors: Raposo Ana , Rebelo Rui , Marco Adolfo
Published: February 2025

Knowledge about the reproductive success of sea turtles is essential for their conservation. These nest preferentially on the beaches where they were born and may nest more than once during each nesting season, with a variable number of nests per female. Several factors can lead to variations in reproductive output. This study estimated the clutch frequency and internesting period of the threatened subpopulation of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) from the island of Boa Vista, Cabo Verde. This archipelago hosts the second‐largest (or perhaps largest) population of C. caretta globally, with Boa Vista being the most important nesting island. Female distinctions were made on their previous experience (neophytes and remigrants) and their body size. Data were collected between 2013 and 2020 through marking and recapture, on João Barrosa beach, in the Reserva Natural das Tartarugas. In years with more females nesting on beaches, a smaller percentage of nests are studied because of the difficulty in reporting them all. As such, only the first 25% of the nests were analysed. Minimum clutch frequency ranged between 3.8 and 4.1. Remigrants had a larger body size and higher clutch frequency than neophytes, without differences in the internesting period. This study also showed differences between neophyte and remigrant females, specifically only in their measured clutch frequency. However, neophytes likely switch between nesting grounds more often, evading monitoring, and highlighting their potential to move to other islands or to breed out of the main season. These findings enhance our understanding of reproductive strategies, enabling the application of distinct conservation strategies tailored to each group. Satellite telemetry could address study limitations regarding clutch frequency values and provide a better understanding of nesting patterns and the impact of environmental factors on reproduction. This could improve conservation strategies by identifying critical habitats and guiding targeted protective measures, supporting population recovery.
The effect of severe renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of balcinrenone
Authors: Bhattacharya Chandrali S. , Ericsson Hans , Johansson Susanne , Parkinson Joanna , Boca Simina M. , Yang Ye , Heijer Maria , Housler Greggory , Leonsson‐Zachrisson Maria , Hartleib‐Geschwindner Judith , Pizzato Patricia Ely
Published: February 2025

Aims

The aim of this phase 1 trial was to assess the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of balcinrenone (previously AZD9977) in participants with severe renal impairment vs. those with normal renal function.

Methods

Participants with severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) not on dialysis were compared with group‐matched control participants with eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Eligible participants received a single oral dose of 150 mg balcinrenone, and blood and urine samples were collected for analysis.

Results

The total apparent balcinrenone clearance was 50% lower in the severe renal impairment group, resulting in an approximately two‐fold higher area under the curve (AUC) and a 1.4‐fold higher maximum observed plasma concentration in the severe renal impairment group compared with the control group. The terminal half‐life and plasma protein binding were similar in both groups. Balcinrenone was safe and well tolerated in all participants. All reported adverse events were of mild‐to‐moderate severity and not considered related to balcinrenone.

Conclusions

Balcinrenone exposure was approximately two‐fold higher in participants with severe renal impairment compared with the group‐matched control participants. Based on linear regression analysis of total apparent balcinrenone clearance vs. baseline eGFR, the AUC exposure is predicted to be <50% higher in patients with an eGFR of 20 mL/min/1.73 m2 compared with those with an eGFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. In light of these findings, no dose adjustment based on eGFR is needed in two ongoing studies that target these patients (MIRO‐CKD [NCT06350123] and BalanceD‐HF [NCT06307652]).
Decoding Supply Chain 5.0 Adoption by Grey Influence Analysis: What Barriers and Enablers Lie Within?
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Singh Vinay
Published: February 2025

The adoption of Supply Chain 5.0 in any industry is crucial to the project's success and to minimize the risk of failure. This study explores the potential enablers that mitigate the daunting barriers (a) by prioritizing them and (b) by establishing their causal relationship in modern industries within developing economies. This study was validated using literature analysis and qualitative causal modeling. A semistructured questionnaire was used to interview 16 industry experts to standardize data collection. A twofold analysis was used. Firstly, grey influence analysis prioritized enablers, barriers, and their one‐to‐one influences. These influences were retested in the second fold, and stepwise linear regression confirmed the enablers–barriers causality. The results reveal that green energy is the most influential enabler, followed by universal storage and smart contracts. The most critical barriers include “Acceptance and Adaptability of Robots and Other Machines,” “Security and Privacy,” and “Lack of Green Initiatives.” The regression analysis highlights that “Acceptance and Adaptability of Robots and Other Machines” is the most critical barrier, needing multiple enablers. Universal storage, smart contracts, intelligent systems, and innovative technologies are key enablers for most Supply Chain 5.0 adoption barriers. The study aids in adopting Supply Chain 5.0 by prioritizing key enablers and barriers, guiding decision‐makers in developing economies to mitigate risks and enhance project success within the supply chain context. The study uniquely provides an enablers–barriers causality framework for Supply Chain 5.0, offering actionable insights for successful adoption in developing economies and enhancing academic and practical understanding.
Exploring the Effects of Pterocarpus Soyauxii Against Menopause‐Related NAFLD Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation
Authors: Emmanuel Owona Pascal , Mengue Yolande , Claude Bilanda Danielle , Ronald Bidingha A Goufani , Vicky Ama Moor , Paul Désiré Dzeufiet Djomeni , Pierre Kamtchouing , Aziz Tariq , S Alamri Abdulhakeem , Alsanie Walaa F , Alhomrani Majid
Published: February 2025

Pterocarpus soyauxii (P. soyauxii) is a Fabaceae family traditionally used to treat menopausal disorders. This study aims to investigate the effect of P. soyauxii on menopause‐related NAFLD and to determine its mechanisms of action and signaling pathways. In vitro experiments evaluated the antioxidant properties of P. soyauxii. In vivo studies using ovariectomized rat models underlined pathways and effects of P. soyauxii on biochemical and histological features linked with NAFLD. Findings suggest that P. soyauxii compounds are readily absorbed through the intestine and exhibit a relatively low level of toxicity. Protein‐protein interaction, compounds target networks, and KEGG pathway analysis revealed several pathways and target proteins of P. soyauxii compounds. Indeed, they target specific proteins such as ERα/β, NADPH‐O, EGFR, MAPK1, PPARα/G, and HMG‐Co A reductase. Molecular docking revealed that P. soyauxii compounds demonstrate high binding affinity to various proteins. In vitro, P. soyauxii inhibits the oxidative power of OH, H2O2, and NO. In vivo, P. soyauxii significantly (p<0.01, p<0.001, and p<0.01, respectively) reduces ALAT (25.14%), hepatic cholesterol (15.27%), and MDA (26.78%) levels at 200 mg/kg and prevents steatosis in the liver. These findings suggest that P. soyauxii may have a protective role against menopause‐related NAFLD.
First Application of Combined Cutting Balloon and Rotational Atherectomy and Intravascular Lithotripsy in Old Degenerated Saphenous Venous Graft
Authors: Helal Ayman , Cader Aaysha , Hetherington Simon , Hogrefe Kai
Published: February 2025

Saphenous venous grafts (SVGs) are prone to progressive degeneration, leading to complex calcified lesions, which present a therapeutic challenge during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Calcium modification techniques such as cutting balloons, intravascular lithotripsy (IVL), and rotational atherectomy have been employed in native coronary arteries; however, the use of rotational atherectomy in SVGs is controversial. This case report presents a novel approach where calcium modification techniques were successfully used to treat calcified stenosis in 30 years old SVG. The case demonstrates safe and effective use of rotational atherectomy in an SVG, possibly making it the first documented application of this technique in such a context. The report explores the rationale, procedural details, and potential risks of this approach, supported by a review of the existing literature.
Determination of Halitosis by Exhaled Breath Analysis Using Semiconductor Metal Oxide Sensors and Chemometric Methods
Authors: Saveliev Mikhail , Volchek Andrey , Lavrenova Galina , Malay Ol'ga , Grevtsev Mikhail , Jahatspanian Igor
Published: February 2025

Halitosis is a condition associated with bad breath. Although halitosis is a disease in its own right, it is often a symptom of more serious diseases (diabetes mellitus, renal failure, azotemia, etc.). The currently used method for diagnosing halitosis is the organoleptic method, which relies on a trained specialist evaluating the patient's breath odor. This approach to diagnosing halitosis is subjective, uncomfortable for both patient and doctor, and necessitates the involvement of a specially trained professional. As an alternative, instrumental diagnostics employing metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor arrays offer a promising avenue by enabling patient classification through predeveloped models. This paper considers the application of seven MOS sensors of different compositions at three different temperatures. Different methods of chemometric data analysis were applied: k‐nearest neighbors (kNN), decision trees (DT), support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and projection on latent structures discrimination analysis (PLSDA). All applied methods demonstrated their effectiveness and achieved selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy values exceeding 85%. Additionally, a combined classifier leveraging responses from all previously studied classifiers was explored, achieving near‐perfect classification accuracy.
First person profile: Ronald P. DeMatteo, MD
Authors: Nierengarten Mary Beth
Published: February 2025

This news section offers Cancer readers timely information on events, public policy analysis, topical issues, and personalities. This issue includes a profile of Dr Ronald P. DeMatteo, who is possibly best known for his work in GISTs, although his clinical practice extends to a wide range of abdominal cancers. Also, a new standard of care significantly improved progression‐free survival and overall survival for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, and a healthy diet may reduce the risk of low‐grade prostate cancer progressing to a higher grade.
Energy‐Efficient Fuzzy Logic With Barnacle Mating Optimization‐Based Clustering and Hybrid Optimized Cross‐Layer Routing in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Renaldo Maximus A. , Balaji S.
Published: February 2025

Recent advancements in information technology have led to the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) across various applications. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), consisting of low‐cost, compact sensors, are crucial for IoT systems, enabling data collection for tasks like surveillance and tracking. A major challenge in WSNs is achieving energy efficiency while extending network lifetime (NLT), necessitating effective clustering and routing strategies. Numerous existing methodologies for energy‐efficient clustering and routing exhibit potential; however, they are hindered by constraints including inadequate adaptability to fluctuating network conditions, suboptimal selection of s cluster heads (CHs), and uneven energy consumption, resulting in diminished network longevity and efficacy. These issues require novel strategies to improve overall performance. To tackle this issues, this research presents a novel hybrid technique combining fuzzy logic with barnacles mating optimization (FL‐BMO) to identify the most optimal CHs by evaluating critical criteria like average sink distance, average intracluster distance, residual energy, and CH balance factor. The FL‐BMO methodology utilizes fuzzy logic to address uncertainties in sensor data, and the BMO algorithm, modeled after barnacle mating patterns, offers a resilient and adaptable optimization process, markedly enhancing energy efficiency and network longevity. In addition, an innovative natural‐inspired hybrid cross‐layer sunflower optimization routing (NiHCLR‐SFO) technique has been introduced that entails optimal routing path selection. This approach balances exploration and exploitation during a route selection process, integrating multiple layers of the network functionality which eventually results in improved routing efficiency and network throughput. Such a hybrid approach has been implemented in MATLAB. The proposed method is compared with fuzzy reinforcement learning based data gathering (FRLDG), neuro‐fuzzy‐emperor penguin optimization (NF‐EPO), bio‐inspired cross‐layer routing (BiHCLR), and fuzzy rule‐based energy‐efficient clustering and immune‐inspired routing (FEEC‐IIR) protocols. From these comparisons, it was observed that the method propagates definite NLT gains reaching 39.74%, 32.92%, 15.95%, and 4.8076%, respectively. The proposed method outperforms the existing approaches (FRLDG, NF‐EPO, FEEC‐IIR, and BiHCLR) across several performance parameters: 99% packet delivery ratio (PDR), 2.8 ms of end‐to‐end delay time (E2ED), 1 Mbps of throughput, 30 mJ of energy consumption, 6000 rounds NLT, 2% bit error rate (BER), 1.25 buffer occupancy ratio, and 0.5% of packet loss ratio (PLR).
Enhanced Particle Trap: Design and Simulation of Pillar‐Based Contactless Dielectrophoresis Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Torky Harchegani Peyman , Mashhadi Keshtiban Mohsen , Moghimi Zand Mahdi , Azizi Zahra
Published: February 2025

Contactless and conventional dielectrophoresis (DEP) microfluidic devices are extensively utilized in lab‐on‐a‐chip applications, particularly for cell isolation and analysis. Nonetheless, these devices typically operate at low throughput and require high applied voltages, posing limitations for microfluidic cell isolation and separation. Addressing these challenges, this study explores the utilization of diverse micro‐pillar geometries within the microfluidic device to augment THP‐1 cell trapping efficiency numerically using FEM modeling. Furthermore, the simulations examine the influence of pillar gap and quantity on cell trapping efficiency in a contactless DEP device. Notably, elliptical pillars demonstrate superior cell trapping efficiency at elevated flow rates compared to alternative configurations, making the microchip more amenable for high‐throughput cell separation, trapping, and isolation applications. Remarkably, employing elliptical pillars in a contactless DEP microfluidic chip yields nearly 100% cell trapping efficiency at higher flow rates. Ellipse configuration showed 122% higher cell trap efficiency at the maximum flowrate compare to the previous study with circular configuration. Additionally, it is observed that reducing the gap between pillars correlates with enhanced cell trapping efficiency. Simulation outcomes indicate that employing two rows of elliptical pillars with a 40‐µm gap achieves optimal performance. The findings of this investigation underscore the importance of pillars in contactless DEP devices and provide valuable insights for future designs of such microfluidic devices.
Sensory Lexicon Construction and Quantitative Descriptive Analysis of Jiang‐Flavor Baijiu
Authors: Niu Junjie , Yang Yubo , Zhao Lei , Cao Nian , Xiong Xiaolin , Yun Zhenyu , Yang Fan , Xu Yang , Tu Huabin , Zhong Kui , Wang Houyin , Gao Haiyan , Zhang Yao , Qin Zhen , Wang Li , Shi Bolin
Published: February 2025

Jiang‐flavor Baijiu (JFB) is one of the most complex and representative types of traditional Chinese liquor, known for its unique flavor, which is popular among Chinese consumers. Previous studies primarily focused on detecting and identifying volatile compounds but lacked comprehensive descriptions and precise differentiation of their sensory qualities. To explore the sensory characteristics of JFB, this study collected widely recognized sensory descriptors from literature, standards, free descriptive questionnaires, and Pivot Profile experiments, which were then textually analyzed and merged to yield 88 sensory descriptors. M‐value and multivariate statistical methods were then used to narrow these down to 35 sensory descriptors, for which corresponding definitions and physical references were established, forming a sensory lexicon for JFB. A quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was performed on JFB samples using the sensory lexicon. To ensure the reliability of the analysis, the panel's performance was also evaluated. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), radar plots, and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that the established sensory lexicon accurately reflects the sensory profile of JFB and can be used to differentiate the sensory characteristics of samples from different price ranges or regions. This study opens new avenues for the standardization of quantitative descriptive analysis for JFB and provides a case study for constructing sensory lexicons for other types of Baijiu in China.
Study of the Chemical Characteristics of Salt in Soil and Drainage Water Under Subsurface Drainage and Leaching Conditions
Authors: Qian Yingzhi , Han Xudong , Zhu Yan , He Shuai , Huang Jiesheng
Published: February 2025

In arid regions, intensive phreatic evaporation plays a significant role in promoting soil salinisation. Subsurface drainage is widely used to mitigate this issue. However, most previous studies focused on total salt and neglected the varying transport capacities of individual components. Studying salt in soil and drainage water from the perspective of salt components and their chemical species is essential. In this study, field experiments under subsurface drainage were conducted, and the contents of major salt components were monitored. The PHREEQC 3.0 model was used to calculate the chemical species contents. Leaching efficiency was quantified via the leaching ratio and critical leaching depth. The results showed that Cl and Na presented the highest leaching efficiencies, which are low for Ca, as 90% of Ca existed in the form of a CaSO4·2H2O precipitate. The leaching efficiencies of SO4 and Mg were sensitive to the irrigation quota, resulting from the high sensitivities of their main species, MgSO40 and SO42−, to the irrigation quota. The constitutions of the salt in the drainage water were closer to those in the groundwater because the drainage water mainly originates from the groundwater. This study provides guidance for determining appropriate design parameters for subsurface pipes and leaching quotas.