bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tarihi Sirkeci Garı Gümrük ve Ambar Binalarının Endüstri Mirası Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi ve Koruma Önerileri
Authors: AYVAZ Ebru , HALAÇ Hicran Hanım
Published: March 2023

Endüstri Devriminin, Batılılaşma ve ulaşım alanındaki sembolü olan demiryolu mirası tarihimizin önemli kültür varlıkları olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu mirasa hizmet eden tarihi istasyon yapıları; gelişen demiryolu teknolojisi, kullanıcı ihtiyaçlarının farklılaşması ve bu alanların geleceği konusundaki hukuki çatışmalardan ötürü yıkılmaya yüz tutarak atıl duruma düşmüştür. Ülkemizde demiryolu çalışmalarıyla atılan adımlardan biri olan ve Rumeli Demiryolu Hattı ile dış ticaret noktasında Avrupa’ya açılan kapıların başlangıç noktasında bulunan Sirkeci Gar Sahası yapılarından; gümrük binası özgün işlevini kaybederek günümüzde yeni işleviyle faal durumdayken, ambar binası ise atıl durumdadır. Bu çalışmada Sirkeci Garı Gümrük ve Ambar Binaları hakkında detaylı tarihsel araştırmaların ardından geçmişten günümüze endüstriyel miras kapsamında öneminin ortaya koyulması ve yerinde yapılan görüşme, gözlem ve incelemelerle mevcut koruma sorunlarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla yapının koruma altına alınmasına rağmen birçok koruma sorununun olduğu tespit edilmiş ve tabii ve beşerî etkilere açık halde kaderine terk edildiği görülmüştür. Çalışma sonunda ise yapının koruma yaklaşımına yönelik öneriler sunularak kent ve kentli hafızasındaki yerinin korunmasına dikkat çekilmiştir.
Fındık Üretim Biçimine Dayalı Olarak Şekillenen Ordu Kırsal Kültürel Peyzaj Öğelerinin İrdelenmesi
Authors: DUMAN Seda , DİKÇINAR SEL Berna
Published: March 2023

Tarımsal yapıları ve tarımsal üretim biçimlerini kırsal kültürel peyzajın temel belirleyicisi olarak tanımlamak mümkündür. Tarımsal üretim biçimine dayalı olarak şekillenen kırsal kültürel peyzajların kendine özgü yapısı –tarımsal yapısı, kırsal kültürü ve buna bağlı yaşam biçimleri ile- süreç içerisinde değişimler yaşayarak varlığını sürdürmektedir. Bu özgün yapıyı oluşturan öğeleri tanımlayan, süreç içinde söz konusu öğelerin evrimini ve dönüşümünü neden sonuç içerisinde açıklayan çalışmalar kırsal kültürel peyzajların dayanıklılığı açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan Ordu ilinde fındık üretimi ve bu üretim biçiminin meydana getirdiği kırsal kültürel peyzajın analiz edilmesi ve kendine özgü yapısının betimlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 66 kişi ile kırsaldaki konutunda veya fındık bahçesinde derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş ve gözleme dayalı tespitler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ve yapılan tespitler; fındığın neden- nasıl üretildiği ve nasıl pazara sunulduğu olmak üzere üç başlıkta gruplandırılarak aktarılmıştır. Sonuçlar Ordu kırsalındaki tek tarımsal ürün olan fındık üretiminin kendine özel koşulları ile uyum sağlayarak ekonomik yapıyı, mekânı ve sosyal yaşamı tanımlayan bir üretim biçimi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Türkiye’de STK’ların Gözünden Kent Konseylerine Nitel Bir Bakış
Authors: KESTELLİOĞLU Gözde
Published: March 2023

Demokrasi ve bununla ortak bir geçmişe sahip olan katılım kavramına tarihsel süreç içerisinde yönetişim kavramı da eklenmiştir. Bu kavramlara dair uygulamaların etki ve verimliliğine dair tartışmalar küresel düzeyde olduğu kadar yerel düzeyde de önemini korumaktadır. Bu bağlamda çeşitli katılım mekanizmalarının altı çizilmektedir. Kentsel katılım açısından en uygun katılım platformlarından birisini de kent konseyleri oluşturmaktadır. Kent konseylerinin en önemli bileşenlerinden biriyse hiç şüphesiz Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarıdır (STK). Yerel Gündem 21 doğrultusunda Türkiye’deki önemli kentsel katılım platformu olarak tasarlanan kent konseylerinin yapısı, işleyişi ve etkinliğine yönelik olarak STK’ların bakış açılarının ne olduğunun anlaşılması bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda nitel araştırma yönteminin tercih edildiği bu çalışmada Kayseri, Antalya ve Isparta illerinde faaliyet gösteren STK’lar arasından her birinden 30 temsilci olmak üzere toplamda 90 STK temsilcisi ile yüz yüze görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler neticesinde ise ana tema ve alt temalar belirlenerek kodlamalar bir nitel analiz programı olan MAXQDA programında yapılmış ve çıkan sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Böylelikle kent konseylerinin vadettiği işlevleri ne derecede sağladıklarına ilişkin mevcut durum STK temsilcilerinin perspektifinden ortaya konulmuştur.
PPM No. 1174
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Writing a reproducible paper with RStudio and Quarto
Authors: Bauer Paul C. , Landesvatter Camille
Published: March 2023

This paper provides a template to write a reproducible scientific paper with RStudio and Quarto. It falls into a series on other templates, namely on RMarkdown and pagedown that can be downloaded here (Bauer and Landesvatter 2018) and here (Bauer and Landesvatter 2021). Below we outline some of the “tricks”/code (e.g., referencing tables, sections etc.) we had to figure out to produce this document. The underlying files which produce this document can be downloaded here. We are convinced that in the future there will be many improvements and developments with regards to RStudio and Quarto. We intend to update this file when we discover more convenient code. You can follow any updates on the github repository.
Environmental monitoring of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in North Carolina water and wastewater using the WHO Tricycle protocol in combination with membrane filtration and compartment bag test methods for detecting and quantifying ESBL E. coli
Authors: Appling Clark , Sobsey Mark  D , Durso Lisa  M. , Fisher Michael  B.
Published: March 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to human and animal health, and efforts to combat it require widespread, robust and practical monitoring of AMR presence in humans, animals, and the environment. Because early AMR monitoring efforts were cumbersome, costly, and lacked standardization, the WHO Tricycle Protocol (WHO TP) was developed and released in 2021 to standardize and streamline global AMR monitoring by culturing a single indicator organism, extended-spectrum--lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec), The WHO TP culture-based method detects and quantifies ESBL-Ec by either spread plating or membrane filtration on either MacConkey or TBX agar (supplemented with cefotaxime), which are difficult methods to use in low-resource and field settings, and must be done mostly in lab settings by trained personnel. Therefore, we simultaneously detected and quantified ESBL-Ec in field samples using the WHO TP with membrane filtration (WHO TP MF) and also a simplified method, the compartment bag test (CBT), which quantifies different sample volumes as positive or negative for target bacteria and is easy for anyone to use in the field. We collected and analyzed municipal wastewater, surface water, and chicken waste samples from sites in Raleigh and Chapel Hill, NC over an 8-month period. Presumptive ESBL-Ec were quantified using WHO TP MF on TBX agar supplemented with cefotaxime, as well as using the CBT with chromogenic E. coli medium containing cefotaxime. Presumptive ESBL-Ec bacteria were isolated from completed tests for confirmation and characterization by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion tests (for antibiotic sensitivity) and EnteroPluri tests (to speciate isolates). The WHO TP MF and the CBT methods were both easy to use, but the MF test required additional time and effort. The proportion of E. coli that were presumptively ESBL in surface water samples was significantly greater downstream vs upstream of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfalls in both locations, suggesting that treated wastewater is a source of ESBL-Ec in some surface waters. The results of CBT and WHO TP MF tests were comparable, making the former method suitable as an alternative to the more complex WHO TP MF procedure. Further AMR surveillance using both the WHO TP MF and simpler CBT methods may be useful to further characterize and refine their performance for quantifying AMR occurrence in NC and elsewhere.
Rational simplification and rigidity in human planning
Authors: Ho Mark K , Cohen Jonathan D. , Griffiths Tom
Published: March 2023

Planning underpins the impressive flexibility of goal-directed behavior. However, even when planning, people can display surprising rigidity in how they think about problems (e.g., “functional fixedness”) that lead them astray. How can our capacity for behavioral flexibility be reconciled with our susceptibility to conceptual inflexibility? We propose that these tendencies reflect avoidance of two cognitive costs: the cost of representing task details and the cost of switching between families of representations. To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel paradigm that affords participants opportunities to choose different families of simplified representations to plan. In two pre-registered online studies (N = 377; N = 294), we found that participants’ optimal behavior, suboptimal behavior, and reaction time are explained by a computational model that formalizes people’s avoidance of representational complexity and switching. These results demonstrate how the selection of simplified, rigid representations leads to the otherwise puzzling combination of flexibility and inflexibility observed in problem solving.
Common computations for metacognition and meta-metacognition
Authors: Zheng Yunxuan , Recht Samuel , Rahnev Dobromir
Published: March 2023

Cognition and metacognition are often conceptualized as two separate systems. These systems are typically assumed to depend on different neural substrates and to have access to different information. Despite its dominance, this conceptualization remains controversial. Here we sought to examine a related distinction that carries less historical baggage: the distinction between metacognition and meta-metacognition. Participants (N = 40) performed a perceptual decision-making task and provided (1) an object-level, Type-1 response about the identity of the stimulus, (2) a metacognitive, Type-2 response (low/high) regarding their confidence in their Type-1 decision, and (3) a meta-metacognitive, Type-3 response (low/high) regarding the quality of their Type-2 rating. We found strong evidence for the existence of Type-3, meta-metacognitive ability. In a separate condition, participants performed an identical task with only a Type-1 response followed by a Type-2 response given on a 4-point scale. We found that the two conditions produced equivalent results such that the combination of a binary Type-2 and a binary Type-3 responses acts equivalently to a 4-point Type 2 response. Critically, while Type-2 evaluations were subject to metacognitive noise, Type-3 judgments were made at no additional cost. These results suggest that it is unlikely that there is a genuine distinction between Type-2 and Type-3 systems (metacognition and meta-metacognition) in perceptual decision-making and, instead, a single system can produce both Type-2 and Type-3 ratings. This conclusion raises the question as to whether there is also no clear dividing line between Type-1 and Type-2 systems (cognition and metacognition) in the context of perception.
Research Audit for the Transparent Psi Project (TPP)
Authors: Kennedy JIm
Published: March 2023

The Transparent Psi Project (TPP) was intended as a potential model and learning experience for optimal research practices. The TPP is, to my knowledge, the only research study in psychology that was designed to use methods that are comparable to my experience in regulated clinical research. These methods include formal software validation, measures to prevent experimenter fraud, developing the operating characteristics for Bayesian analyses, and research audits. TPP will hopefully become a useful model for high quality research methodology.The purpose of this audit is to apply to the TPP my experience with research audits in regulated clinical research. I initiated the audit after reviewing the final reports of previous audits of TPP by an IT auditor and two research auditors, all with academic backgrounds. In reviewing their final reports, it was clear that their expectations were very different than mine. The previous audits did not have the range of topics, details, emphasis on protocol deviations, and edginess consistent with my expectations for an audit. My hope is to provide an audit that demonstrates useful expectations based on experience outside of academic research. The goals of a good academic research audit have two components: (a) verify that recognized good research practices were used, and (b) verify that the actions and practices specified in the preregistration and/or protocol were properly implemented.
Selfless Minds, Unlimited Bodies? Homeostatic Bodily Self-Regulation in Meditative Experiences
Authors: Becattini Valeria , Ciaunica Anna
Published: March 2023

Deep contemplative states such as meditative states alter the subjective experience of being a self distinct from the world and others to a point that the individual may report ‘selfless’ states. In this paper, we propose a shift in focus on homeostatic bodily self-regulation underlying selfless experiences. We suggest that during reported phenomena of ‘self-loss’ or ‘pure consciousness’, the ‘impure’ body continues to perform the humble yet essential, basic task of keeping track of self-related information processing to secure the survival of the human organism as a whole. Hence the term ‘losing’ the self or ‘selfless’ states may be misleading in describing these peculiar types of experiences reported during deep meditative states. What is ‘lost’, we claim, is a particular, ordinary way to mentally model the self in relation to the body and the world. We suggest that the experience of having a body – a living self-organizing biological system – is never ‘lost’ in this process. Rather it gets sensorily attenuated and stays transparently at its very centre, very much present and hence alive. Enhanced connectedness with one’s ‘transparent’ body may lead to feelings of widening, ‘oceanic boundlessness’, a feeling that we propose to call here ‘unlimited body’. The proposal is that the explicit feeling of selfless minds may be tacitly accompanied by the implicit feeling of unlimited body, as two sides of the same coin. Even if one experiences, during deep meditative states, a complete ‘shut down’ of one’s perceptual awareness, the biophysiological mechanisms supporting self-organisation and homeostatic self-regulation of one’s body must remain in place. To put it provocatively: the only and unique occasion when one truly loses one’s self is when one’s body becomes a corpse (i.e. death).
Economic Impact of Tourism Finance in Nepal
Authors: Gautam Bishnu Prasad
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the effects of tourism industry on gross domestic product (GDP) and finds a significant positive relationship between tourism financing and GDP. Moreover, the role of various sources of tourism financing, including government financing and the loan financing of banks and financial institutions, on economic growth has also been examined and the result supports the conventional wisdom that there is significant positive relationship between the variables. This paper uses primary data collected from the field survey during February - April 2006 and the secondary data utilizing 30 annual observations from FY 1974/75 to 2004/05. Both the level and logarithmic form data are examined using the OLS estimation method and the Cochrane-Orcutt (C-O) iterative procedure is applied considering the robustness of the model.
Tourism and Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Gautam Bishnu Prasad
Published: March 2023

Tourism has become an important economic activity in all the countries of the world. It creates various direct, indirect and induced effects in the economy. This paper attempts to confirm empirically about the positive impact of tourism in Nepal. It is based on Nepalese data of foreign exchange earnings from tourism and gross domestic product for the period between FY 1974/75 and 2009/10. Co-integration test has been done for ascertaining long run relationship and error correction method for short run dynamics. Granger Causality test has been applied to determine causal relationship between these variables. The evidence confirms the conventional wisdom that of tourism development, that tourism (represented by foreign exchange earnings) causes economic growth both in short and long run. The result also indicates bi-directional causality between these variables.
Sensitivity of the Trade Openness in Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Shashi Kant
Published: March 2023

In this paper, Openness Growth Monitoring (OGM) Model is applied to examine the various aspects of trade openness like vulnerability, sensitivity and harmonization as well as the impact of trade openness on per capita income growth for the period of 1990/91 to 2010/11. The results suggest that overall trade openness vulnerability of Nepal is low with the manufacturing and service sector being more open in comparison to the agriculture and energy sectors. While there is strong performance of the openness growth rate for the review period, the average ratio of the openness growth and per capita income growth both with nominal income, is negative. The results indicate low sensitivity of per capita income growth to the trade openness growth. The findings reveal that the productivity benefits from additional trade are higher for the trading partners of Nepal than itself. Hence, it is argued that Nepal has liberalized trade without introducing appropriate internal policies and institutions.
Nepal's Trade Flows: Evidence from Gravity Model
Authors: Thapa Surya Bahadur
Published: March 2023

This study is carried out to estimate the trade potentiality of Nepal using gravity model. The gravity model simply explains that the volume of trade between pairs of countries is a positive function of the size of two countries and negative function of the distance between them. The study has used coefficients of the model to predict Nepal’s foreign trade for the year 2009. The trade potentiality is calculated with the help of the ratio of predicted trade to actual trade. The result is fluctuating: some countries crossed the limits whereas some countries are still below the potential trade. The study has used gravity model to evaluate the determinants of foreign trade of Nepal using secondary data including 19 major trade partners. The estimated result of Nepal’s trade potentiality shows that Nepal has exceeded trade potentiality with her 10 trading partners, including giant neighbors India and China, and there remains trade potentiality with 9 trade partners including another neighbor Bangladesh.
Linkages between Sectoral Output Growth and Financial Development in Nepal
Authors: Westermann Frank
Published: March 2023

A feature of the recent period of output growth in Nepal is that growth has been uneven across sectors. While the services sector has been expanding, the agricultural and manufacturing sectors have growing much more slowly. In this paper we attempt to explain this fact by investigating the linkages between financial development and sectoral output growth in a vector-autoregression (VAR) analysis. We find that the services sector reacts strongly to increases in domestic credit, while agriculture and manufacturing are largely unaffected. We interpret this finding in the context of a two sector-growth model, by Schneider and Tornell (2004), where credit constraints and the access to international capital markets play a central role. We also discuss the importance of our findings for the goal of poverty alleviation.
Does Nepal's Financial Structure Matter for Economic Growth?
Authors: Kharel Ram Sharan , Pokhrel Dilli Ram
Published: March 2023

Despite causality debate, a number of empirical literatures (Pagano, 1993 and Levine, 1997, among others) suggest a positive relationship between financial sector development and economic growth. Moreover, there remains further debate whether the country's financial structure exerts differential impact on economic growth. Empirical studies across the countries (Rajan and Zingales, 1999 and Arestis et. al. 2004) suggest that banking sector plays a key role in some countries while the capital market has a lead position in others for enhancing economic growth. In this context, this paper investigates the relative merits of banking sector vs. capital market in promoting economic growth in Nepal. The empirical results using Johansen's cointegrating vector error correction model based on aggregate annual data from 1993/9 to 2010/11 suggest that banking sector plays a key role in promoting economic growth compared to capital market in Nepal. It may be either the size of capital market is too small to seek the relationship or it is weakly linked to real economic activities. Our result implies that the policy should focus on banking sector development by enhancing its quality and outreach as it promotes economic growth in Nepal.
Testing the J-Curve Hypothesis: A Case of Nepal
Authors: Chaulagai Mahesh Kumar
Published: March 2023

This paper attempts to explore the J-curve phenomenon in the case of Nepalese foreign trade sector in order to examine whether devaluation2 of Nepalese currency can be taken as a policy tool for improving Nepalese trade imbalance with the rest of the world economies. Johansen's cointegration test, vector autoregression (VAR) model, impulse response function as well as autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing cointegration approach has been employed in order to see the relationships between the nominal effective exchange rate index (NEER) and trade balance (TB) as well as the real effective exchange rate index (REER) and trade balance (TB) of Nepal. The study found no evidence of "J-curve" in the case of Nepalese trade. On the contrary to the "J-curve" phenomenon as explained by the classical text books, the findings of the study suggest that depreciation of Nepalese exchange rate rather produces a flatter "L-curve" phenomenon indicating that there is no room for improving Nepalese trade imbalance through a currency devaluation process.
Financial Literacy in Nepal: A Survey Analysis from College Students
Authors: Thapa Bharat Singh , Nepal Surendra Raj
Published: March 2023

This study surveys 436 college students to examine their financial literacy; the impact of demographic, educational and personality characteristics on financial literacy. Mean, ANOVA and logistic regression were used in carrying out analysis. Results show that most of the students have basic level of financial knowledge but they lack in understanding of credit, taxes, share market, financial statement and insurance. Students are highly influenced by their parents at home and they have positive attitude towards savings. The study further identified income, age, stream of education, types of college, and attitude of students as determinants of financial knowledge; and financial knowledge is unaffected by gender, university affiliation, financial behavior and influence. It is concluded that college students have basic level of financial knowledge. However, overall financial knowledge of the students is affected by some of their demographic, educational and personality characteristics.
Stock Index, Interest Rate and Gold Price of Nepal: Cointegration and Causality Analysis
Authors: Gaire Hom Nath
Published: March 2023

This study examines cointegration and causality between the NEPSE index vis-à-vis short term interest rates and gold prices in Nepal. Main objective of this study is to identify the long run equilibrium relationship as well as cause and effect relationship between the variables under consideration. Monthly time series data cover the period starting from January 2006 to December 2016, which were sourced from Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE), Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) and Nepal Gold and Silver Dealers Association (NEGOSIDA). The results of the unit root (ADF) tests and Cointegration (Johansen) tests confirm that there is long-run equilibrium relationship between the NEPSE index, short term interest rates and gold prices in Nepal. In the meantime, Granger Causality test reveals that there is no causality between the gold price and NEPSE index. However, it is confirmed that there is unilateral causal relationship between the NEPSE index and short term interest rate which moves from interest rate to NEPSE index. From the test results it can be concluded that the short-term interest rates are the better predictor for NEPSE index and bullion (commodity) market is yet to be developed as substitute of the Stock Market.
The Role of Motive in Sexual Assault Trials
Authors: Benedet Janine
Published: March 2023

In sexual assault cases, the motive of the complainant has traditionally been heavily scrutinized, based on sexist beliefs that women are likely to bring false complaints of rape based on motives of revenge, fantasy, and shame. Recent sexual assault cases have demonstrated the persistence of these beliefs even after the formal rules that validated them were abolished. At the same time, attempts by the Crown to show an absence of motive to lie have faced a high bar. Consistent with the general rule that motive is not required to prove mens rea, the accused’s motives have mostly escaped scrutiny. However, the recent high-profile case of R. v Barton shows the dangers of allowing the accused to rely on his alleged lack of motive to sexually assault the complainant. This article examines how both evidence of motive and absence of motive have been applied to the complainant and the accused in sexual assault cases. Caution is necessary when considering motive in relation to the complainant because of the direct connection with rape myths. Reliance on an accused’s absence of motive should also be discouraged as the reasons men rape cannot be reduced to a personal vendetta towards any one victim.
“The Only Cure for an Increasingly Sick System”: The Jewish Labour Bund and Social Democratic Politics in Canada
Authors: Lexier Roberta
Published: March 2023

David Lewis was not religious. In fact, many Canadians were probably fooled by his name and slight Welsh accent into believing he was from good Protestant stock, but his was a secular Judaism, grounded in the social democratic Jewish Labour Bund. This paper argues that, although generally overlooked in the literature, “the single most important person” in the CCF/NDP deeply engrained Bundist values and principles—working-class unity, the centrality of labour unions to political struggle and electoral efforts to agitate for justice and equality for Jews (and all workers), and international solidarity—into the social democratic left in Canada.
Technological Aspects and Environmental Consequences of Mining Encryption
Authors: Makurin Andrii
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The digital economy has significantly changed not only the types, forms and mechanism of payments, but also the form of money itself. Electronic money is becoming more popular, which increases the relevance and importance of the study of technical aspects and environmental consequences of mining encryption. The choice of equipment for cryptocurrency mining and its impact on the environment remains a rather debatable issue. It is also not clear how to calculate the costs of mining cryptocurrencies in order to determine the cost of such coins which creates obstacles to the normal reflection in the accounting of such activities in the future and the payment of the corresponding taxes on such operations where cryptocurrencies are involved.
Aim and tasks. The study aims is to investigate modern approaches to cryptocurrency mining and the characteristics of the mining process itself, as well as the selection of the main equipment and a list of costs to ensure this activity takes into account the environmental consequences of mining encryption.
Results. Cryptocurrency mining is the process of creating digital currencies. All transactions in the network are not processed by any central authority, but by any user connected to the network. The creation of cryptocurrency, i.e. its emission, is the acquisition of certain property rights. Determining the cost of mining, for example, one bitcoin depends on the amount of resources spent: the depreciation of the equipment that was used to generate new blockchain blocks and the monthly costs of its maintenance, the cost of high-speed Internet service, the configuration of the mining software product on a   particular pool, combined electricity costs.
Conclusions. The development of the cryptocurrency market has both positive and negative consequences at the micro and macro levels. Advantages include independence from the state-regulated banking system and general accessibility; high economic efficiency of mining; transparency of transactions, confidentiality and anonymity, security of data owners; high data security against external influences and attacks; absence of time or territorial restrictions; general availability and lack of need to create centralized data repositories; effective mechanism against theft, counterfeiting and inflation, irreversible nature of transactions. At the macro level, the advantages are the high capitalization of cryptocurrencies, which can contribute to meeting the financial needs of the state as a whole and independence from the state. Therefore, further accounting of such a specific asset as cryptocurrency requires detailed research.
Management Problems of Innovative Business Projects and Ways of Its Improvement
Authors: Chkhaidze Irma , Makharadze Nanuli , Devadze Lela
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Global innovation challenges existing in the world at this current stage, activation of strategic innovation policy on gaining positions in the Global Innovation Index by the states, rapidly changing consumer demands, the struggle to maintain the advantages of leadership for competitiveness in the world market, the sudden appearance of the COVID-19 pandemic – faced the countries of the world before the complex challenges, which turned the production of innovative products and services, and the modernization of existing ones into an essential condition in a short period.
Aim and tasks. The research aims to work out ways of improving the problems arising in Georgia's innovative business project management. The following objectives should be carried out to achieve the research goal: studying the characteristics of innovative business project management from the origin of an innovative business idea to its realization based on research and statistical data analysis
Results. There have been reviewed problems in the management of innovative business projects-difficulties in adequately designing the business model to improve the business idea, which requires extra time, finances, and an experienced professional team. All of these hinder the startups' ability to go through the business process, turn the idea into a competitive product, carry out the correct marketing campaign, and build partnership relations at the local and international levels. Due to the urgency of the issue, the rating of Georgia has been studied regarding the innovation development of the Global Innovation Index. The positive attitude of the country towards the innovation policy has been determined, as reflected in the innovation policy carried out by the government. By analyzing the statistical data, grants and their effectiveness as issued to business projects by "Startup Georgia", "Produce in Georgia", and the European Union have been compared.
Conclusions. The conclusions have been developed by analyzing the results of the research to eliminate the mentioned problems, according to which the constantly changing environment of the market economy forces companies to quickly adapt to market challenges to gain competitiveness and eliminate the problems existing in project management in parallel with the production of innovative products with the participation of professional project managers.
The Economics of Technology Transfer in The Environmental Safety of Enterprises for the Energy Transition
Authors: Sribna Yevheniia , Skakovska Svitlana , Paniuk Tetiana , Hrytsiuk Iryna
Published: March 2023

Introduction. European countries are at different stages of transition to a new energy system due to different levels of energy dependence, geographical conditions, and priorities of national administration. The use of information technology and innovative developments in the energy field allows for reducing energy production costs, improving resource use efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and ensuring energy security. Modern energy is reaching a new qualitative level due to technology transfer and government policy. Such an energy transition in the industry requires time, unfolding globalization processes, implementing sustainable development strategy and solving greening problems. 
Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to assess the level of the economic base of technology transfer in the creation and functioning of a new energy system based on the principles of environmental safety of modern enterprises in EU countries.
Results. The theoretical model is considered, which explains the essence and factors in the implementation of the new energy system of production enterprises in the cross-section of the EU countries. The ranking of European countries is given based on the calculation of the use of final electricity consumption per dollar per capita and one percent of renewable energy consumption minus the tax burden. Thus, some countries already have significant indicators that indicate the effectiveness of the transition to a new energy structure of their national enterprises. And such results do not directly depend on the share of the use of renewable energy sources and the reduction of the use of coal. But the share of more than 60% of the use of renewable energy and the significant tax burden placed on the final household consumers of electricity are general signs of the implementation of such a transition. Enterprises use such a transition mechanism more effectively in EU countries, where more than 60%. In economic terms, such transitions of enterprises are carried out at the expense of the lion's share of the tax burden on electricity use by end consumers – households.
Conclusions. The study of the economic basis of technology transfer in the creation and functioning of a new energy system based on the principles of environmental safety of modern enterprises in EU countries is of great importance for improving energy efficiency and achieving environmental safety in the region as a whole. The research will be useful for government bodies that are engaged in shaping energy policy, regulating the energy sector, and ensuring environmental safety.
COMPARATIVE STUDY THE EFFECT OF INQUIRY AND CONVENTIONAL LEARNING METHODS ON LEARNING OUTCOMES OF CLASS VII STUDENTS' INDONESIAN SPEAKING SKILLS
Authors: Wahuni Dwi
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the inquiry learning method and conventional learning methods on student learning outcomes. This learning method refers to general statements, special statements, and making conclusions. The subjects of this study were 60 students who were divided into 2 (two) class VII students of SMP Prajamukti Kosgoro Purwoharjo using the population recearch method. This research was conducted at the researcher's workplace so that it used a purposive sampling method. The data collection technique was done by giving questionnaires and tests.

Analysis of the data used to test the hypothesis using multiple linear regression on hypotheses 1 and 2, while for hypothesis 3 using the t-test. The results of the hypothesis test state that there is an effect of the use of the inquiry and conventional learning methods on the learning outcomes of the VII grade students, where the learning outcomes of students taught using the inquiry learning method have better test results than students taught using conventional learning methods.

It is recommended for educators who use the inquiry learning method to really prepare technical matters, before carrying out learning, students are given explanations, prior training or mentoring, guidance for group work activities
THE EFFECT OF FACE-TO-FACE LEARNING AND THE USE OF ZOOM MEDIA ON LEARNING OUTCOMES IN BULLET SHOT IN GRADE 8 A SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 3 BANYUWANGI
Authors: Hakim Lukman
Published: March 2023

This research is a causal quantitative research which wants to know the application of face-to-face learning and the use of zoom media on the learning outcomes of shot put in Sports and Health Physical Education subjects. The respondents of this study were students of class 8A SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Banyuwangi school year with a total of 30 students. The research area was determined by purposive sampling method. This research is a quantitative research with a causal design. Data collection tools used questionnaires, tests, and documentation and interview methods. Degree valid and reliable with validity and reliability tests. Instrument analysis test using: 1) descriptive test, 2) normality test 3) homogeneity test. Hypothesis testing using: 1) regression analysis, 2) F test, 3) T test. The results showed that: 1) the sig. From the face-to-face learning variable there is a motivation of 0.000, so the conclusion is sig> 0.05, it means that there is an influence of face-to-face learning media on the interest in learning PJOK in students. 2) the sig value of the influence variable of learning media using zoom media on learning outcomes is 0,000. The conclusion that can be sig> 0.05, it means that there is an effect of learning media using zoom media on learning outcomes of PJOK in students. 3) the results of the regression analysis output obtained F count 29,124 with sig 0,000, because> 0.05, there is an effect of face-to-face learning media and the use of zoom media on learning outcomes of PJOK in students. Input for teachers needs to innovate and be creative in the learning process, especially in using technological advances in delivering mastery of student skill material, given that the abilities of each individual student are different with different means, educators must also be able to optimize technology for the purposes of improving the learning process so that learning outcomes are more maximum
Analyticity of complex criteria for evaluation of grain production in agricultural enterprises intensification of engineering management
Authors: Rogovskii I.
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the analytical nature of complex criteria for assessing grain production in agricultural enterprises by intensifying engineering management. Effective use of combine harvesters and the amount of grain losses during combining in agricultural producers depend on the classic set of organizational, technical, technological factors and the state of engineering and technical service. In order to increase the efficiency of machinery, it is advisable to use operational technology for harvesting cereals, which includes maps and drawings on the following issues: choice of technologies, agronomic requirements, safety, selection and assembly of units, preparation of units, field and detachment preparation, organization of work of units in detachments, transport works, norms of production and fuel consumption, control and estimation of quality of work. It was established that the average daily productivity of the combine during the first 3 years of use was 14.6-16.1 ha; seasonal - 302-314 hectares; grain threshing - 59-161 tons per day and 1280-1440 tons - per season. To obtain the required productivity and quality of threshing, it is necessary to constantly monitor the size of the gap between the drum and the drum. To increase the productivity of grain unloading, it is advisable to carry out while moving without stopping the combine, because when threshing 60 tons per day, approximately 1.6 hours of working time are lost.It was found that the existing harvesting system does not take into account the dynamics of grain and straw ripening and their purpose according to the scheme: entry into the process (first phase), the main part of the above average (second phase) and exit from the process (third phase), inefficient due to low survivability of the collection system in organizations, regions and oblasts in the first and third phases. Analysis of numerical indicators shows that when all crops are harvested, the pace of the process in the first phase increases slowly, in the second - faster, and at the output decreases to a minimum. In the first phase, the average rate for rye, barley, oats and wheat reaches 0.25, respectively; 0.21; 0.30 and 0.26 cycle times. The duration of harvesting each crop with a rate above average is less than half the duration of the cycle, and with a rate below average - more than half. The general conclusion from the given data comes down to the fact that 26-33% of the harvest in farms can be obtained by using resource-saving technologies. Analysis and synthesis of the regularity of the harvesting process shows that during one day the maximum rate reached 18.2-34.9% of the total, which exceeded the average rate by 3.58 times.
Factors Affecting Nurse Anxiety During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yulistanti Yeni , Prasetyaningtyas Dwi Yuliantuti , Handayani Lulut
Published: March 2023

Background: The covid-19 pandemic that has occurred in almost all countries in the world has had an impact on various aspects of life. Indonesia as one of the countries facing the covid-19 pandemic is still showing an increase in the number. Patients with covid-19 require appropriate treatment, especially if the patients shows severe symptoms of respiratory system disorders. Nurses as health care providers in hospital are required to provide the best and professional service. Nurses are faced with situations that can increase stress and anxiety. It is necessary to conduct an assessment of the factors that cause anxiety in nurses during the covid-19 pandemic.

Methods: This study aims to determine the factors that influence nurses' anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is a descriptive analytic study with a cross sectional study design. The population in this study were all nurses at dr. Asmir Salatiga Hospital. The instrument used to assess the level of anxiety using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire. Data analysis using chi square test.

Results: Among the 7 factors studied, there are 4 factors that have been shown to affect nurses anxiety. The factor that influences the nurse’s anxiety during covid-19 pandemic are years of service (p value 0.047), marital status (p value 0.048), knowledge (p value 0.042) and environment (0.039).

Conclusion: The factors that influence the nurse’s anxiety during covid-19 pandemic are years of service, marital status, knowledge and environment with p
The Effectiveness of Oxytocin Massage with Breast Care Against Breast Milk Production in Post Sc Mothers
Authors: Mahulette Yakomina , Mundarti Mundarti , Masini Masini
Published: March 2023

Background: Conditions that affect milk production include the use of medications such as ideas that are used during surgery. Postoperative pain affects the mother to delay breastfeeding and interferes with the lactation reflex, so the mother needs time to recover. Breast milk production affecting by two hormones: the hormone prolactin and the hormone oxytocin. A message from the mother's spine can stimulate the hormone oxytocin. This study aims to clarify the effectiveness of oxytocin and breast care massage on maternal milk production after SC.

Methods This type of quasi-experimental study is only a post-experimental design with a control design. The population of this study were mothers who had SC during March and May 2021. 44 respondents were selected based on random sampling. This study was divided into two groups. Intervention group: mothers after SC received oxytocin massage while control.

Results: The results showed that the average weight gain of babies on day 3 of the oxytocin massage group was 85 grams and 256 grams on day 7 of the massage. While the mean weight gain of children on day 3 in the Maternal Care group was 52 grams, and on day 7, the mean weight gain of children was 155 grams. Based on bivariate test results shows that oxytocin massage has more effect significantly in breast milk production of post-SC mothers (p-value: 0.000).

Conclusion Therefore, in the case of mothers after SC Willing to receive oxytocin massage treatment to promote milk production.
Mother and Child Health (MCH) Book Increasing Mother's Knowledge About Breast Milk Complementary Food (MP-ASI)
Authors: Lusiana Arum , Rosyana Drayke , Lestari Wiji , Kartini Rubiyana Islam
Published: March 2023

Background: In accordance with the Technical Guidelines for the Use of the MCH Handbook (Kemenkes, 2016), mothers of children under five are expected to understand and use the MCH handbook as a guide in caring for maternal and child health, and always strive to obtain health services according to standards as stated in the MCH handbook. Mothers of toddlers can use the MCH handbook for daily care of toddlers, including by utilizing information on how to feed according to the age of toddlers, how to care for children when they are sick, how to stimulate growth and development of toddlers, also being able to monitor the nutritional status of toddlers at any time after getting measurements. nutritional status both in posyandu and other health facilities.

Methods: The research is Quasy Experimental Design with One Group Pretest Posttest Design and purposive sampling technique as many as 35 respondents. The research instrument used a questionnaire

sheet. Data analysis using Wilcoxon test.

Results: There was a significant difference between before and after health Education with KIA Book of mothers knowledge about complementary foods with a p-value of 0.000 less than 0.05

Conclusion: Health education with KIA Book about complementary food can be carried out routinely so that mothers understand better and can be practiced at home.
Cost-Effective Utilisation of Industrial Fly Ash Waste in Treatment of Domestic Wastewater
Authors: Dash Subhakanta , Mohanty Itishree , Nayak Rudra Prasanna , Gupta Piyush , Barik Saroj , Panda Laxmidhar
Published: March 2023

In the present research an economically effective porous fly ash-based filter candle (FFC) was developed for the treatment of domestic wastewater using fly ash, sodium silicate, wood dust, silica fume and water. The four testing specimens of FFC having different sizes (10, 20, 30, and 40 mm) were prepared. The parameters such as turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH of domestic wastewater were studied before and after treatment. The test results showed that there is a decrease in values of turbidity from 7 to 5.9 NTU, TSS from 300 to 218 mg/L, TDS from 400 to 302 mg/L, pH from 10.6 to 7.9, and BOD from 9.5 to 7.9 while DO values decreased in the range of 8.9 to 7.7. The observed porosity, compressive strength, and flow rate of FFC fall in the range of 24.55-27.26 %, 1.5-2.3 MPa, and 180-290 ml/h, respectively. The filtration tests using FFC exhibited good performance with >92 % filtration efficiency. Overall results have shown that FFC having a 30 mm bed thickness is recommendable for effective wastewater treatment. Thus, an attempt has been made to introduce a novel technology for domestic wastewater treatment using industrial fly ash waste.