bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the boundaries of terrestrial biomes on a global scale from data satellite observations
Authors:   Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch RAS, Shevyrnogov А. P. , Larko A. A. ,   Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch RAS, Vysotskaya G. S. ,   Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch RAS, Pisman T. I. ,   Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch RAS, Somova L. A. ,   Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch RAS
Published: June 2024

Global climate change leads to the transformation and imbalance of all natural systems, to a change in the boundaries of biomes. In this regard, it became necessary to monitor the boundaries of land biomes and to search for methods for determining the boundaries of biomes, ecotones and their control. The aim of this work is to monitor the boundaries of biomes, and to study the seasonal dynamics of NDVI dispersion. The methodological basis of the study is satellite observations and the NDVI moving dispersion method. The dynamics of the moving dispersion of NDVI biomes and ecotones of the land from 2000 to 2020 is estimated in the work. As a result of research, a raster map of the spatial distribution of NDVI dispersions for various biomes (plant communities) was constructed. The raster map of the dispersion distribution of NDVI vegetation is based on MODIS satellite data (product MCD12C1). It is shown that dispersions of NDVI biomes (zones with a certain type of vegetation) have low values. In the transition zones between biomes in ecotones, the dispersion of NDVI increases significantly. The raster map was compared with a biome vector map. The coincidence of biomes on vector biological maps and raster maps showing dispersions of NDVI was revealed. The main factors determining the boundaries of biomes are the spatial and temporal distribution of temperatures, the greatest changes of which occur in the south of the tundra zone and in the north-boreal forests. Studies of the dynamics of biotemperature in the tundra for the period 2001–2020 years showed a positive trend. The results of the spatial distribution of NDVI dispersions over the seasons of the year (winter, spring, summer, and autumn) give an idea of the dynamics of phenological processes on a global scale.
Ecological assessment of technogenic impact on the air basin of the Kirov region
Authors:   Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Kirov Region, Abashev T. E. , Ashikhmina T. Ya. ,   Vyatka State University,   Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kheto M. H. ,   Vyatka State University
Published: June 2024

The materials of federal and regional reports on the state of the environment, and control and monitoring data of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Kirov region, as well as on the results of scientific studies of the atmospheric air state were analyzed. Based on the analysis the comparative assessment of the atmospheric air state was carried out using the example of the Kirov Region territory as part of the Volga Federal District. The main sources of air emissions and their quantitative characteristics are noted. Despite the fact that recently the vehicle fleet has increased significantly, the stationary sources of air pollution are the main in the regions of the Volga Federal District. In a number of urban agglomerations emissions from stationary sources are inferior to mobile sources of pollution. This is confirmed by the results of the rating of the Volga Federal District regions by the total volume of atmospheric emissions from all sources of pollution for the period from 2019 to 2023. The highest quantity of air pollutant emissions is observed throughout the entire period in regions with high developed chemical, petrochemical, mining, and mechanical engineering industries. This primarily concerns the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Perm Territory, the Orenburg region and the Republic of Tatarstan. While the Chuvash and Mordovian Republics, the Republic of Mari El, the Penza, Ulyanovsk, and Kirov regions are characterized by a significantly smaller contribution of air pollutant emissions and consistently occupy a leading position in these indicators. For a number of years, the territory of the Kirov region has been consistently ranked 6th in terms of total atmospheric emissions. The results of environmental control and monitoring, and conducted scientific research indicate that the main technogenic load on the atmospheric air in the Kirov region falls on the regional center – the city of Kirov and industrially developed areas of the region: Kirovo-Chepetsky, Vyatsko-Polyansky, Omutninsky, Belokholunitsky districts. Areas with local areas of contamination are identified in each of the above.
Transformation of soil macrofauna in the first year after deforestation
Authors:   Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ditts A. A. , Konakova T. N. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fateeva A. A. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

Soil macrofauna of primary forests of the middle taiga is characterized by high abundance (94.6–146.6 ind./m2), taxonomic richness (10–14 taxa), dominance of Diptera and Cantharidae larvae, similarity of fauna composition (J=0.60–0.65), with a ratio of detritivores and predators equal to 1:1, aggregated or random horizontal distribution. The total density of invertebrates sharply decreases (4.5–26.8 ind./m2) in the first year after deforestation. Some taxa are eliminated from the fauna, 4–7 taxa are remained. The ratio of trophic groups is changed. The distribution of invertebrates in space is disturbed. Soil macrofauna of clear-cutting areas (CCA) retains a taxonomic structure close to the control sites (C). The taxonomic and trophic structure of soil macrofauna is more disturbed on the logging corridors (LC) with three (3LC) and ten (10LC) penetrations of aggregate equipment, recultivated (RLC) and main (MLC) logging corridors. Thus, the density of Diptera larvae is high on the logging corridors. The above are temporary r-strategists characteristic for the disturbed environment. And the ratio of detritivores and predators on the technological sites “C – CCA – 3LC – 10LС – RLC – MLC” is 1:1 – 3:1 – 7:1 – 10:1 – 13:1 – 15:1. A trend towards an increase in the density of detritivores on the recultivated (RLC) and main (MLC) logging corridors was noted. The decrease of the total density of macrofauna and the declining of systematic groups of the clear-cutting areas is not so significant due to the fact that the litter on these sites is almost completely preserved after felling. The low diversity of soil macrofauna on the logging corridors can be explained by a change in the natural conditions for the existence of invertebrates due to the compaction of the upper soil horizons, the partial disappearance of the litter, the appearance of a mineralized soil layer as top horizon, and a rapid change in humidity. Significant changes in the abundance, composition, and ratio of trophic groups of invertebrates indicate the collapse of soil macrofauna, the loss of important groups of destructors and predators from food webs, and a decrease in the quality of their functions at the initial stage of restorative succession, in the first year after deforestation.
Chemical composition assessment of sapropels from different deposits
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Sazanov А. V. , Sazanova M. L. ,   Vyatka State University,   Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhuikova I. A. ,   Vyatka State University, Tugarinov L. V. ,   LLC “Agrokhimprom Scientific and Production Assotiation”
Published: June 2024

Complex chemical composition and wide mining opportunities determine the use of sapropels and sapropel-based products in various sectors of national economy. The fullest potential of sapropel is revealed in agriculture, where it is used as fertilizer, a component of soils, raw materials for humic preparations production etc. The aim was to study the sapropels’ suitability for the production of humic fertilizers. Using validated methods we analyze chemical composition of sapropel sediments from 4 freshwater lakes located within the latitudinal section of 53–56° N in the temperate climate. Microbiological parameters of all studied samples are within the normal range. Dry matter content in the range of 46.1–51.3% corresponds to the normative indicators. The mass fraction of organic matter varies in the range of 31.8–39.9% DM. This allows classifying all samples as organo-clay, and determines the possibility of their use for soils of light granulometric composition. The relatively high content of humic (18.3–22.9% DM) and fulvic acids (3.7–6.4% DM) makes it possible to use the studied sapropel samples for the manufacture of humic preparations (especially, a sapropel sample of the lake Chervonoe, Belarus). Low P and K content (0.24–0.36% DM and 0.32–0.42% DM, respectively) can negatively affect the efficiency of fertilizers from these sapropel species; this can be avoided by mixing sapropel with manure or enrichment with mineral fertilizers. Indicators of heavy metal (Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Pb and Cd) content in all studied samples meet the safety requirements. Samples from deeper layers of the Rusaki Lake (Altai Territory) and the Beloe Lake (Novosibirsk Region) refer to the 1st class of suitability, the rest (according to a number of indicators) – to the 2nd class. The content of trace elements in the studied sapropels is within the established norms and makes it possible to use them for replenishing the deficit of trace elements in soils. In general, all the studied samples can be used as environmentally friendly organomineral fertilizers, as well as production of humic preparations to increase in the biological and energy capacity of agrocenoses and to reproduce the soil fertility.
Obtaining heterological rhamnolipid producers for industrial production of highly-effective biosurfactant
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Baramzin M. N. , Litvinets S. G. ,   Vyatka State University, Martinson E. A. ,   Vyatka State University
Published: June 2024

Rhamnolipids are promising microbial glycolipid biosurfactants that can be used as preparations for soil bioremediation in oil pollution. The expression of the rhamnolipid biosynthesis gene cluster in the main producer, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is regulated by quorum sensing signals (QS). Complex biosynthesis regulation does not allow achieving high product yields. The production of heterologous rhamnolipid producers is a promising way to overcome the complex QS-dependent regulation of rhamnolipid biosynthesis, and also avoids the use of opportunistic Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the industrial production of rhamnolipids. Heterologous Escherichia coli BLWT-based producers with a transformant E14 productivity of 3.40±0.96 g/L were obtained on the basis of the plasmid vector pAl2–T with a construct from the native promoter and rhlAB genes, and Pseudomonas viridiflava AlC1223-based ones with the productivity of transformants P5, P6, P8 332.00±0.10, 200.00±0.10 and 180.00±0.10 g/L, respectively. The presence of rhlAB genes in the expression vector allows the obtaining monorhamnolipids for further use as an agent for the solubilization of soil hydrophobic pollutant (e. g. petroleum products), which will intensify bioremediation processes.
Antibiotic ciprofloxacin in water and soil media: reaction of microalgae
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Batakov A. D. , Kiryushina A. P. ,   Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Matorin D. N. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Terekhova V. A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: June 2024

Pharmaceuticals and antibiotics in the environment are of increasing concern due to the impact on representatives of all links in the food chain of natural ecosystems. The effect of the widespread antibiotic ciprofloxacin (Cip) on the green protococcal microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris in water and aqueous soil extracts (artificial standard soil, technosoil, soddy-podzolic soil) was studied in model experiments. Fluorescent parameters were assessed by two different methods (Fluorat 02-5M and Water-PAM devices). The phenomenon of hormesis was observed at low antibiotic concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L. A decrease in the photosynthetic activity of algae was recorded at an increase of Cip content from 20 to 50 mg/L. A comparison was made of the median (average effective) concentration of the EC50 antibiotic, which suppresses the fluorescent characteristics of microalgae by 50% on 3 days of exposure in different media. The decrease in the toxicity of the studied dose of Cip (300 mg/L) in a number of studied objects can be represented as follows: water > technosoil > artificial standard soil > soddy-podzolic soil. It reflects the percentage of inhibition of the test function relative to the control (samples without antibiotic) by 91.5, 80.0, 62.5, and 60.0% respectively. In the soil matrix, the inhibitory effect of the antibiotic is less pronounced (by 10–30%), probably due to the protective properties of humic substances that adsorb the antibiotic or its metabolites.
Pigment system of filamentous cyanobacteria under conditions of accumulation of lead ions
Authors:   Astrakhan state technical university, Galperina A. R.
Published: June 2024

The effect of Pb (CH3COO)2 solutions with Pb2+ concentrations equal to 0.02, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mM to strain of cyanobacteria (CB) Leptolyngbya sp. SK was studied. The duration of exposure of the culture with solutions was 21 days. During the experiment, measured the loss of lead ions in the solution; the increase in the biomass of CB was assessed as an indicator of culture adaptation; determined the content of photosynthetic pigments as indicators of maintaining the viability of the culture. The content of lead ions decreased in all variants, the maximum decrease was 96.2% – in the medium with a Pb2+concentration of 0.4 mM. An increase in the biomass of CB was observed in the presence of Pb2+ of all concentrations, the maximum increase in a solution with a Pb2+ concentration of 0.1 mM was up to 7.5 times. There was a decrease in the content of chlorophyll a in the biomass of CB, in comparison with the control, by 67.0–94.2% with an increase in the concentration of Pb2+ in the solution. Under the influence of solutions with Pb2+ concentrations of 0.02, 0.1, and 0.4 mM, the content of carotenoids in the biomass of cyanobacteria decreased by 48%, 75% and 92%, respectively; the concentration of Pb2+0.2 mM caused an increase in the content of carotenoids by 1% with the control. The inhibitory effect of all investigated concentrations of Pb2+ was noted on the complex of phycobilin pigments. The accumulation of lead ions from solutions with Pb2+ concentrations up to 0.4 mM, an increase in CB biomass in the presence of 0.1 mM Pb2+ and an increase in the synthesis of carotenoids at 0.2 mM Pb2+ may indicate adaptation of the studied culture to lead acetate.
Some features of the rare endemic Arafoe aromatica Pimenov & Lavrova biology in Ritsa Strict Nature Reserve (Republic of Abkhazia)
Authors:   South-Ural Botanical Garden–Institute of Ufa Federal research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences (BGI USC RAS), Abramova L. M. , Taniya I. V. ,   Abkhazian State University,   Ritsinsky Relic National Park, Mustafina A. N. ,   South-Ural Botanical Garden–Institute of Ufa Federal research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences (BGI USC RAS)
Published: June 2024

For the first time, the features of rare endemic species of Caucasus Arafoe aromatica biology in the Ritsa Strict Nature Reserve (Republic of Abkhazia) were studied. The age, vitality structure of coenopopulations (CP) and the variability of morphometric parameters were determined. The study was carried out using standard methods of population biology. The variability of morphometric parameters was studied on 25 middle-aged plants in each CP. The CP density is low (1–2.6 ind./m2). According to the delta-omega classification, one CP is transitional, and one is mature. Most of the morphological features are characterized by a normal degree of variation (14.7–37.0%). Vitality analysis showed that one CP is prosperous, the other is depressed. The state of the studied A. aromatica coenopopulations is satisfactory. Anthropogenic disturbances lead to a decrease in the number and seed productivity, worsening conditions for seed germination and renewal processes. To preserve the rare species, it is necessary to limit the anthropogenic load in the places of growth, prohibit the collection of plants by the population, monitor and control the CP state.
Fauna and bird population of the mountainous areas of the Varangerfjord southern coast
Authors:   Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Zatsarinny I. V. , Shavrina U. Y. ,   National Research Tomsk State University,   Pasvik State Nature Reserve, Valova E. V. ,   Pasvik State Nature Reserve, Natalskaya O. V. ,   FBU Roslesozashchita – Forest Protection Center of the Ryazan region
Published: June 2024

The article presents data from field studies of the fauna and bird population of mountainous areas of the Varangerfjord southern coast. This area has erspectives to be included in the boundaries of the projected “Voryema” Federal Reserve. We carried field studies during the 2019–2021 breeding period in the northwestern part of the Pechengsky district of the Murmansk region. In the course of the work, we surveyed mountainous areas from areas adjacent to the Voryema River valley to areas near the iinahamari settlement. The total length of survey routes was 81.8 km. Analysis of the received field materials shows that at least 53 bird species occur in the breeding season. Tundra and rocky areas are breeding sites for skuas, gulls, loons, and a number of sandpipers’ and ducks’ species. The combination of different habitats creates the possibility of the presence of four species of pipits on this territory at once. Therefore, this territory can be a good model for studying the effects of climate change on a number of closely related species living together. In general, the results of the study show that the surveyed territories of the mountainous areas of the Varangerfjord southern coast are promising for inclusion in the boundaries of the projected Voryema Federal Reserve. They have a characteristic bird population structure and serve as breeding grounds for a number of rare species (whooper swan, whooper, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, kestrel, white-throated thrush).
The effect of radionuclide-contaminated environment on children’s heart rate
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Kalabin O. V. , Litvin F. B. ,   Smolensk State University of Sports, Bruk T. M. ,   Smolensk State University of Sports, Bykova I. V. ,   Bryansk State Technical University, Udovenko E. V.
Published: June 2024

The main aim was to study the characteristics of heart rate variability in 8- and 10-year boys and girls that permanently reside in areas with an increased level of radioactive contamination. The body functions are formed by close interaction of the body and the environment. The adaptive responses of the developing organism are improved at each ontogenetic stage as its contact with the environment become more complex. We found that features of heart rate regulation depend on the area of residence. The contribution of the autonomous circuit of heart rate regulation is increased for 8- and 10-year-old girls from radio-ecologically safe areas (RESA). Based on the principle of functional antagonism this leads to a weakening of the central circuit of regulation. The shift gradient of indicators is higher for 8-year-old girls from radio-ecologically unfavorable areas (REUA) compared to 10-year-old girls. This reflects the greater sensitivity of their organism to adverse factors. The dominance of the autonomous circuit of regulation was marked for 8- and 10-year-old boys from the RESA. In contrast an imbalance in the operation of regulatory mechanisms with an increase in the central regulatory circuit was found for boys from the REUA. High centralization of cardiac control indicates that adaptation mechanisms are in a state of pronounced tension. The increase in the shift gradient for boys from REUA falls at the age of 10 years. The results of the study revealed gender differences in the regulation of heart rhythm. The obtained data is important diagnostic aspects of morphofunctional maturation of the organism for subsequent ontogenetic stages depending on environmental living conditions.
Quantum algorithms for community detection and their empirical run-times
Authors: Cade Chris , Folkertsma Marten , Niesen Ido , Weggemans Jordi
Published: June 2024

We apply recent work~\cite{ourotherpaper} on empirical estimates of quantum speedups to the practical task of community detection in complex networks. We design several quantum variants of a popular classical algorithm -- the \textit{Louvain algorithm} for community detection -- and first study their complexities in the usual way, before analysing their complexities empirically across a variety of artificial and real inputs. We find that this analysis yields insights not available to us via the asymptotic analysis, further emphasising the utility in such an empirical approach. In particular, we observe that a complicated quantum algorithm with a large asymptotic speedup might not be the fastest algorithm in practice, and that a simple quantum algorithm with a modest speedup might in fact be the one that performs best. Moreover, we repeatedly find that overheads such as those arising from the need to amplify the success probabilities of quantum sub-routines such as Grover search can nullify any speedup that might have been suggested by a theoretical worst- or expected-case analysis.
Estimating pi using high-dimensional single and multi-global Quantum Phase Estimation algorithm on Cirq
Authors: Semi Ceylan Osman , Gunduz Sabri , Kaya Furkan , Yılmaz Ihsan
Published: June 2024

Quantum computing is carried out based on the working principles of quantum mechanics. Current $2$-dimensional quantum computing techniques face major problems such as noise and information capacity. As such, high-dimensional quantum computing is leveraged to solve these problems. This study attempts to approximate the pi number through the multi-global and single-global Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) algorithms in high-dimension. This study reveals that pi can be calculated by using fewer quantum resources in high dimension with at least equal or higher precision than that obtained by $2$-dimensional QPE. In addition, when the number of qudits or the number of dimensions is kept constant, the multi-global QPE in high dimensions yields at least equal or better results than the single-global QPE. All calculations performed in this study are implemented on Cirq.
Quantum software development risks
Authors: Luis Hevia Jose , Peterssen Guido , Piattini Mario
Published: June 2024

In the last five years we have witnessed the emergence of numerous quantum computers, as well as dozens of quantum programming languages, platforms, etc... But it must be borne in mind that quantum computing is still in a state of technological flux, so it is essential to carry out a good risk assessment. Furthermore, it is necessary to try to mitigate the risks to safeguard the investments that organisations are starting to make in quantum software development. We identify some of the major risks associated with quantum computing, and specially quantum software and we also show a real case of risk mitigation based on technology. In the last five years we have witnessed the emergence of numerous quantum computers, as well as dozens of quantum programming languages, platforms, etc... But it must be borne in mind that quantum computing is still in a state of technological flux, so it is essential to carry out a good risk assessment. Furthermore, it is necessary to try to mitigate the risks to safeguard the investments that organisations are starting to make in quantum software development. We identify some of the major risks associated with quantum computing, and specially quantum software and we also show a real case of risk mitigation based on technology.
Quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of pet dog brownies with Mulukhiyah powder added
Authors:   The Table and Food Coordinate Society of Korea, Hwangbo Mi-Hyang
Published: June 2024

This study attempted to confirm the functionality of pet dogs by adding 3% and 6% Mulukhiyah powder, which has excellent antioxidant properties. The quality characteristics of pet dog brownies added with Mulukhiyah powder were analyzed for pH, color, and general component, and antioxidant activity was confirmed for total polyphenols, flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging ability. The pH was the highest in the addition of Mulukhiyah at 6%, the chromaticity L values were high in the control, and the “a” and “b” values increased as the Mulukhiyah powder content expanded. The results of the general component analysis showed that the fat and trans-fat content of the Mulukhiyah-added group was lower than that of the control group, and the protein content was slightly increased compared to the control group. It was verified to have the highest contents of polyphenol, flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity in terms of antioxidant activity, pet dog brownies to which 6% Mulukhiyah powder was added. These results suggest that since the addition of Mulukhiyah powder has been confirmed to be effective in antioxidant activity and general component content, it can be used as a raw material for functional snacks for pet dogs in the future.
Machine-Learning-Backed Evolutionary Exploration of Ti-rich SrTiO3(110) Surface Reconstructions
Authors: Wanzenböck Ralf , Heid Esther , Riva Michele , Franceschi Giada , Imre Alexander M. , Carrete Jesús , Diebold Ulrike , Madsen Georg K. H.
Published: June 2024

The investigation of inhomogeneous surfaces, where various local structures co-exist, is crucial for understanding interfaces of technological interest, yet it presents significant challenges. Here, we study the atomic configurations of the (2 × m) Ti-rich surfaces at (110)-oriented SrTiO3 by bringing together scanning tunneling microscopy and transferable neural-network force fields combined with evolutionary exploration. We leverage an active learning methodology to iteratively extend the training data as needed for different configurations. Training on only small well-known reconstructions, we are able to extrapolate to the complicated and diverse overlayers encountered in different regions of the heterogeneous SrTiO3(110)-(2×m) surface. Our machine-learning-backed approach generates several new candidate structures, in good agreement with experiment and verified using density functional theory.
Law and Prejudice – Does Family Law Work for the Whole Family?
Authors: Groszewski Sarah
Published: June 2024

The Children Act 1989 stipulates that the welfare of the child shall be the court’s paramount consideration when making decisions about who a child should 'live with' and ‘spend time with’ (collectively known as child arrangements) in England and Wales. In the context of post-separation parenting, the court is also facing increased pressure from Fathers’ Rights groups to prioritize the child’s contact with the father. But where does this leave mothers in the decision-making process, and how does this affect the lives of mothers beyond separation?
This paper focuses on separated mothers in England and Wales and examines whether, and to what extent, the life goals of separated mothers are impacted by orders made under Section 8 of the Children Act 1989. The author will review literature from England and Wales, Australia and the US - jurisdictions with similar approaches to post-separation parenting. Examining whether mothers can freely make decisions about their own lives when they are subjected to the obligations of a Section 8 Order, the paper argues that judicial outcomes may inadvertently have negative effects on the agency of mothers, that courts do not understand or take into consideration when making orders for their children.  
This contribution is significant because it highlights the assumptions about the ethic of care made by the courts, the human poverty for mothers that can be a result of court orders relating to children, and evidences the need for mother’s needs to be considered by the courts to a greater extent when they make orders under section 8 of the Children Act 1989.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ФИЛЬТРОВ ДЛЯ КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ СИГНАЛОВ В РЕАЛЬНОМ ВРЕМЕНИ
Authors: Кудрявцев К. Я.
Published: June 2024

Предлагается методика применения цифровых фильтров для классификации управляющих сигналов в режиме реального времени. Сигналы могут поступать от различных управляющих датчиков, установленных на управляемом устройстве, например мобильном роботе. Управляющие сигналы поступают от датчиков, подвергаются обработке, классификации, и в дальнейшем используются для управления мобильным робототехническим устройством. Существует большое количество алгоритмов классификации сигналов, в основе которых лежит выделение характерных особенностей сигнала, таких как амплитуда, частота, среднее значение и др. Большинство алгоритмов классифицируют сигналы на основе характеристик (features) во временном домене. В данной работе предлагается использовать частотные характеристики сигнала и на их основе осуществлять классификацию, применяя узкополосные «гребенчатые» цифровые фильтры. Базовые частоты управляющего сигнала находятся на предварительном этапе с помощью быстрого преобразования Фурье.  После того как базовые частоты определены, процесс классификации заключается в фильтрации сырого сигнала набором цифровых узкополосных «гребенчатых» фильтров. Такой подход позволяет классифицировать управляющие воздействия «на лету» в режиме реального времени. Цифровые фильтры могут быть использованы для классификации различных видов сигналов, которые в дальнейшем преобразуются в управляющие команды для мобильного робототехнического устройства.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫХ ПОЛЕЙ В МНОГОСЛОЙНЫХ ДОРОЖНЫХ ОДЕЖДАХ НА ОСНОВЕ ДАННЫХ МОНИТОРИНГА
Authors: Горский М. Ю. , Симчук Е. Н. , Бочкарев А. В.
Published: June 2024

В статье приведены результаты моделирования температурных полей в многослойной дорожной одежде по результатам мониторинга на эксплуатируемой автомобильной дороге. Актуальность работы обусловлена высоким влиянием температуры на модули упругости асфальтобетона и, как следствие, на результаты испытаний по оценке прочности дорожных одежд, выполняемых в различных температурных условиях. В ходе исследований выполнен анализ данных, накопленных в течение длительного времени со станции температурного мониторинга, заложенной во время строительства автомобильной дороги. Предложена методика, основанная на решении задачи теплопроводности для каждого связного слоя дорожной одежды, принимающая во внимание непрерывность температуры и плотности теплового потока при переходе через межслойные границы, которая позволяет определить температурное поле в первом слое при неизвестной температуре на поверхности и уточнить механические и теплофизические параметры остальных слоев. Проведен анализ степени неоднородности распределения температуры по слоям в различные периоды года, допускающие проведение прочностных испытаний. Намечены направления дальнейших исследований по актуализации полученных методик с учетом применения современных типов асфальтобетонов в конструкциях дорожных одежд.
Processing the Backlog of Sexual Assault Evidence From a Brazilian Forensic Genetics Laboratory Using Automation
Authors: Lucena Kortmann Gustavo , Magalhães Leboute Ana Paula , Netto Benett Mara Regina , Pereira Gonzalez Tatiana
Published: June 2024

The accumulation of untested sexual evidence is a common problem for many forensic laboratories. In Brazil, there are around 150 thousand sexual evidences awaiting DNA processing. At the same time, manual extraction by differential lysis of these evidences is laborious and time-consuming. In this regard, the Brazilian federal government has structured and sponsored forensic genetics laboratories, providing automated platforms for evidence processing, with the objective of clearing the backlogs of sexual evidence and feeding the national DNA database. This study aims to evaluate the results from processing the backlog of sexual evidence in the forensic genetics laboratory of the Instituto-Geral de Perícias do Rio Grande do Sul to verify if the use of automation is an efficient strategy to manage large amounts of stored evidence. A total of 614 cases of sexual assault (1026 sexual evidence) from the last 10 years (2013 to 2023) with at least one sample with positive results for spermatozoa detection were analyzed. Samples were submitted for DNA extraction by differential lysis on the Hamilton Microlab Autolys STAR SAE platform, followed by the amplification of STR autosomal markers, capillary electrophoresis analysis in the ABI 3500 genetic analyzer and insertion in the BPG-RS using CODIS 7 software. The cases were stratified into three groups, according to the year in which they occurred (182 cases from 2013 to 2016; 123 cases from 2017 to 2019 and 151 cases from 2020 to 2023), in order to verify whether there were differences in the efficiency of differential extraction due to the storage time. 374 cases (61%) presented at least one sample with an eligible autosomal genetic profile for DNA national database. In 64 cases (10.4%) it was possible to obtain only the Y chromosome haplotype profile. From each sexual assault case, only one sample was inserted in the DNA national database. Cases from the years 2020 to 2023 presented 68% of autosomal eligible profiles, followed by cases from 2017 to 2019 (58%) and by cases from 2013 to 2016 (54.9%). The results of this study support the importance of processing the backlog of sexual samples as soon as possible in order to get more eligible autosomal profiles for CODIS (p < 0.05). Using automation to reduce the size of the backlog has been effective, allowing the simultaneous processing of a large number of samples, with reliability and less chance of contamination.
Rate of Force Development Scaling Factor in Hamstring Muscles: Feasibility and Relationship to Deadlift Performance among Resistance Trained Individuals
Authors:   University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pešič Miha , Kranjc Sara ,   University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fink Mojca ,   University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gloria Meh Sara ,   University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Djurić Daniel ,   University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kozinc Ziga ,   University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences,   University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship among hamstring peak force (PF), rate of force development scaling factor (RFD-SF), countermovement jump (CMJ), and one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength in recreationally trained individuals, as well as to establish the feasibility of RFD-SD assessment for knee flexor muscles. Eighteen volunteers (12 males, 27.3 ± 5.2 years, 6 females, 24.4 ± 3.1 years) participated in the study. Participants performed a knee flexion maximal isometric voluntary contraction and followed a standard RFD-SF protocol. The 1RM for the deadlift was assessed to determine maximal dynamic strength, while CMJ was used to evaluate explosive movement capability. The study found no significant correlations between RFD-SF, CMJ, and 1RM. Additionally, it was observed that RFD-SF in the hamstring muscles can be effectively assessed (mean R2 = 0.92). In addition, RFD-SF was not different between men and women, which highlight its potential as sex-independent measure of knee flexor muscle function. Future research should involve a more diverse group of athletes to further investigate the relationships among RFD-SF, strength, and explosive movements like CMJ for more comprehensive insights.
The Comparison of Position-Specific Match Performance between the Group and Knockout Stage of the UEFA Champions League
Authors:   University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology,, Šunjić Ivan , Versic Sime ,   University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology,, Modric Toni ,   University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology,, Corluka Marin ,   University of Mostar, Faculty of Science and Education, Zaletel Petra ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to compare match performance in the group and knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League (UCL) for players in different playing positions. The information on physical and technical performances was collected during all UCL matches (n=125) in the 2022/23 season. Players’ observations (n=1387) were classified according to their playing positions as central defender (CD; n=471), fullback (FB; n=283), central midfielder (CM; n=376), winger (WM; n=137) and forward (FW; n=104). No differences in technical performance between the group and knockout stage were found for CDs, FBs, CMs, and WMs, while only FWs achieved significantly less shots on target (Cohen’s d (d=0.46), total passes (d=0.54), successful passes (d=0.49), and more duels (d=0.39) in the knockout compared to the group stage. The CDs, CMs, and WMs covered greater distance at moderate (d=0.46–0.63) and high (d=0.29–0.38) speeds in the knockout compared to the group stage, while no differences in physical performance between the group and knockout stage were found for FBs and FWs. This study demonstrated that (i) the technical performance of UCL players was in general stable irrespective of the competition stage, (ii) matches played in the knockout stage were characterized by greater match intensity compared to the matches played in the group stage of UCL for CDs, CMs, and WMs. These findings may help football coaches in the decision-making process when selecting the players for specific matches and designing training programs.
Relationship between Rectus Femoris Muscle Architecture and Isokinetic Peak Knee Extension Torque in Physically Active Men
Authors:   Inonu University, Department of Movement and Training Science, Safa Cinarli Fahri , Kafkas Emin ,   Inonu University, Department of Movement and Training Science, Rudy Kalema ,   Queensland University of Technology, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Yildirim Tulay ,   Inonu University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Selva Raj Isaac ,   School of Allied Health and Center for Healthy Aging, Murdoch College,   School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan College, Duhig Steven ,   Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between rectus femoris muscle architecture and isokinetic concentric peak knee extension torque at various velocities. Twenty physically active men (age =21.1±1.41 years, weight =69.9±5.7 kg, height =176.4±7.07 cm) had their isokinetic concentric knee extensor (Biodex 4 Pro, Biodex Medical Inc, Shirley, USA) strength assessed at 60°/sec, 180°/sec and 300°/sec. Pennation angle, muscle thickness, and fascicle length of the rectus femoris was measured using real-time B-mode ultrasound (Logiq P5, GE Healthcare, UK). Pennation angle had a significant positive correlation to peak torque at 60°/sec (r=0.731, p=0.001), 180°/sec (r=0.802, p=0.001) and 300°/sec (r=0.685, p=0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between muscle thickness and peak torque at 60°/sec (r=0.718, p=0.001), 180°/sec (r=0.749, p=0.001) and 300°/sec (r=0.722, p=0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between fascicle length and the isokinetic peak torque values (p>0.05). In addition, pennation angle and muscle thickness were found to be significant contributors for predicting isokinetic knee extension torque (R2=0.47-0.64; p<0.01). Pennation angle and muscle thickness best predicted peak knee extension torque at 180°/sec (explained variance =64% and 56%, respectively). This study suggests that pennation angle and muscle thickness can be used to predict isokinetic knee extension torque in physically active men.
Exploring Work-Life Balance among Women Entrepreneurs of Food Vending Business in Africa
Authors: Mramba N.R.
Published: June 2024

Women engaged in street food vending face a myriad of challenges as they juggle business activities and family obligations. The complexities of managing both spheres often disrupt their pursuit of a balanced life, impacting their overall well-being. This study aims to reveal the work-family dynamics of female food vendors and uncover the strategies employed to navigate these challenges. Qualitative research methods were used to understand the work-life balance among women food vendors. The data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and observations of street food vendors in Africa. Findings reveal the persistent struggle of women food vendors to achieve equilibrium between work and family responsibilities. Although they employ a variety of strategies, ranging from working extended hours to relying on external support such as grandparents or domestic help, these approaches often prove insufficient and unsustainable. Moreover, the utilization of such strategies can lead to conflicts with employers. Through an examination of daily routines, work-life balance, and coping mechanisms, the author’s conclusions shed light on the intricate interplay between entrepreneurship, personal responsibilities, and resilience within the dynamic street vending landscape.
Factors Influencing Students’ Satisfaction at Higher Educational Institutions in Oman
Authors: Al Wardi A.N.A. , Al Wardi E.N.A. , Thottoli M.M.
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Higher education is becoming increasingly critical for a nation’s socioeconomic and technical innovation, and the quality of education these institutions provide directly affects how well a country does. Hence, this study examines factors influencing student satisfaction at Oman’s higher educational institutions (HEIs). Methodology: Following scale development, the bootstrapping approach tested the research hypothesis. A survey was undertaken to gauge student satisfaction at various higher education institutions in Oman. Software for structural equation modeling (SEM PLS) has been used to examine the results to determine the relationships between the variables. Findings: The result of this study revealed that lectures and university resources positively correlated with student satisfaction, while technology showed no significant impact on student satisfaction.
От редактора: Следуя инструкциям журнала или как избежать отказа на этапе предварительного рассмотрения
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia, Bisimbaeva Dinara
Published: June 2024

При поступлении новой статьи редакция журнала «Образование и саморазвитие» рассматривает материал на соответствие определенным критериям. В случае успешного прохождения первого этапа рукопись направляется на рецензирование. К сожалению, процент статей, которые отсеиваются редакторской командой, довольно высокий. Из-за чего это происходит и как избежать отказа на предварительном этапе рассмотрим в данной редакторской статье. Одна из очевидных причин, по которой статьи не допускаются до рецензирования – это несоответствие научной сфере журнала. Когда редакция сталкивается с подобными случаями, это свидетельствует о том, что автор не провел подготовительную работу и не ознакомился с целями и задачами журнала. Перед подачей материала обязательно изучите сайт научного издания, ознакомьтесь с миссией журнала, узнайте его целевую аудиторию, посмотрите опубликованные статьи. Работу по подбору журнала рекомендуем начинать заблаговременно, и при выборе важно ориентироваться исключительно на тематику. Второе основание для отказа – несоответствие требованиям журнала к структуре и содержанию статьи. Как и с тематическим профилем, файл с требованиями можно найти на сайте журнала. Напоминаю, что рекомендации для авторов по подготовке и оформлению статей в журнал «Образование и саморазвитие» размещены на сайте во вкладке «Подать статью» (Информация для авторов).
Design and Approbation of a Test of Diagnosing Students’ Ability to Innovative Entrepreneurial Activity “SINPRED”
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Prokhorova Maria , Kozlova Lia ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Kravchenko Valentina ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Published: June 2024

Due to the need to ensure economic growth and improving competitiveness of the Russian economy, the development of youth innovative entrepreneurship is relevant for our country. This requires not only the implementation of appropriate educational programs, but also selection of young people for admission on the basis of an effective assessment of their abilities and readiness to create an innovative business. The goal of the investigation is to design and test psychodiagnostic method that solves the problem of prompt assessment of students’ ability to innovative entrepreneurship. The test SINPRED is elaborated on the basis of the authored by Prokhorova and Belokon model of psychic determinants of effective entrepreneurial activity, connected with innovations. The test contains: instruction, 56 statements, the agreement with which the testee expresses on a seven-rank scale; key of primary data processing; normalized points (stens), worked out for two groups of testees (women and men); manual on processing and interpretation of diagnostics results. For empirical foundation of the methodics indices of students’ behavior, singled out by 5 experts, are used. Verification of discriminatory power, internal consistency, reliability of the test is carried out on the sampling of 180 students. 152 students comprise the sampling for evaluating of methodics validity. For defining the test factor structure and its standardization the results of 308 students questioning are utilized. It is revealed that the created test possesses a high level of discriminatory power and test-retest reliability. All test assignments are correlated with each other. The scales of the methodics have a sufficient level of validity. During the test approbation significant differences between women and men are unveiled on four primary scales: leadership, creativity, nonconformity, early entrepreneurial experience. The acquired differences additionally confirm discriminatory power and criteria validity of the test, and also indicate perspective of scientific investigations, that uncover peculiarities of determination and molding ability to innovative entrepreneurship, conditioned by sex.