bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Сән дискурсы жөнінде
Authors: Камзанов Д. , Адилова А.С. , Каукербеков Б.С.
Published: March 2024

Мақала институционалды дискурстың бірі — сән дискурсының жалпы сипатына арналған. Адамгершілік нормаларының, жеке адам және билік, жеке тұлға және ұжым арасындағы қарымқатынастың мінез-құлық стандарттары өзгерумен қатар, адамдар арасында өзінің индивидуалды ерекшеліктерін киген киім арқылы қоғамқа сөзсіз (бейвербалды) жеткізу кеңінен тарай бастады. Осыған байланысты қоғамда сән дискурсының маңызы арта түседі. Адам киім арқылы қоршаған ортаға өз болмысын көрсетеді. Сән қазіргі өмірдің көп қырлы құбылыстарының бірі болып табылады, сәйкесінше сән дискурсы жарнамалық, педагогикалық, ғылыми, білім беру, өнертану, тарихи, бұқаралық ақпарат құралдары және басқа да дискурстармен тоғысқан күрделі сипатқа ие. Сән әлемінің тілдік репрезентациясында дискурс, сән, киім, стиль сөздері жиі қолданылады. Мақалада аталған тілдік бірліктер қолданысы талданған.
Eficiência nas contratações públicas: uma abordagem baseada na compatibilização de interesses
Authors: Libório Matheus Pereira , Bernardes Patrícia , Y. Ekel Petr , Machado-Coelho Thiago Melo , Gomes Luiz Flavio Autran Monteiro , Gico Júnior Ivo Teixeira , Soares Gustavo Luis
Published: March 2024

Esta pesquisa analisa a eficiência de incentivos concedidos às Pequenas e Microempresas (PMEs) em contratações públicas. Por meio do Particle Swarm Optimization e do algoritmo K-médias simulou-se a atuação de PMEs com diferentes capacidades financeiras. Os resultados mostram que as PMEs podem elevar seus lucros em até 1,42 vezes ao adotar uma estratégia de seleção de pregões compatível com sua capacidade financeira. Os resultados também mostram que o perfil dos pregões que as PMEs participam são incompatíveis com o portfólio de pregões que lhes interessa. Esses resultados sugerem que a lei que divide o pregão em lotes não é tão eficiente como se sugere, mas que o ajuste dessa lei pode compatibilizar o interesse do comprador-público e das PMEs. A contribuição fundamental desta pesquisa está em revelar que a legislação deve buscar compatibilizar o interesse privado ao interesse público para que leis e normas sejam de fato eficientes.
DIVERSIDADE: O SER HUMANO SE CONSTRÓI NAS DIFERENÇAS
Authors: Rodrigues Tereza Borges de Jesus , Cardoso Saymon Ferraz , Silva Marilene de Macedo e , Souza José Leonardo Santana de , Silva Fernanda Damasceno
Published: March 2024

O projeto, Diversidade: o ser humano se constrói nas diferenças, implantado em 2023 no Centro de Ensino Especial São Vicente de Paulo e Igor Xavier Centro Educacional situadas no município de Trindade Goiás, apresenta como objetivo: Refletir a construção da identidade dentro da diversidade com estudantes da  Educação Especial Jovens e Adultos e  oitavo ano do Ensino Fundamental. A proposta surgiu a partir do diálogo entre a professora Tereza e o diretor José Leonardo no qual o mesmo abordava o desejo de inserir no currículo do 8° ano,  a temática diversidade para que o ensino e aprendizagem, ultrapassassem o campo do conhecimento científico, contemplando valores relevantes na formação da cidadania em busca de uma sociedade mais justa, humana e igualitária. Na mesma ocasião, foi solicitado pelo aluno Gilmar, da escola São Vicente de Paulo, o desejo de ministrar palestras nas escolas, desmistificando preconceitos e discriminação referente às pessoas com deficiências.
Therapeutic approaches for spinal synovial sarcoma: a comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Zamarud Aroosa , Shahnoor Syeda , Maryyum Adeena , Khan Abdul Moiz , Hassan Khawaja Muthammir , Ijaz Aamna , Sayed Rahman , Yoo Kelly , Park David J. , Chang Steven D.
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a relatively rare type of soft-tissue sarcoma that is commonly treated with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and palliative care. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an emerging approach that shows promise in treating CNS conditions, but it has not been studied for SS. The authors present a systematic review that explores the effectiveness of different treatments, with a focus on SRS, for managing spinal SS.

METHODS

A systematic PubMed search was conducted that covered studies from 1964 to 2022, yielding 70 relevant studies. Inclusion criteria encompassed primary and metastatic spinal SS, various treatment modalities, patient age 17 years or older, English-language studies, retrospective series, and case reports. Based on these criteria, 26 studies were included in this review and 44 were excluded.

RESULTS

Of the included studies, 15 patients from 9 studies were treated with surgical intervention followed by both conventional radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy, 10 patients from 10 studies were treated with surgery followed by RT, 5 studies comprising 8 patients were exclusively treated with surgery, 5 cases in 3 studies were treated with surgery plus concomitant chemotherapy, 4 patients in 2 studies were treated with SRS, and only 1 study reported treatment without surgery and with chemotherapy and RT. The median progression-free survival and overall survival periods observed in the SRS-treated patients were 37 months and 60 months, respectively, which were higher than those of any other treatment method or combination used.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors’ study offers a thorough review of spinal SS treatments. They are hopeful that this will aid clinicians in informed decision-making for better patient outcomes.
Clinical criteria for filum terminale resection in occult tethered cord syndrome
Authors: Klinge Petra M. , Leary Owen P. , Allen Philip A. , Svokos Konstantina , Sullivan Patricia , Brinker Thomas , Gokaslan Ziya L.
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE

Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) comprises three symptom categories: back/leg pain, bowel/bladder, and neurological complaints. MRI typically reveals a low-lying conus medullaris, filum terminale (FT) pathology, or lumbosacral abnormalities. FT resection is established in TCS but not in radiologically occult TCS (OTCS). This study aims to identify patients with OTCS who are likely to benefit from FT resection.

METHODS

The authors recruited 149 patients with OTCS (31 pediatric, 118 adult) treated with FT resection—including only cases with progressive TCS, negative spine MRI, and no concurrent neurological/urological conditions. A comprehensive questionnaire collected patient self-reported symptoms and clinical findings at the preoperative and at 3- and 12-month follow-up examinations. Based on questionnaire data, the authors extracted a 15-item symptoms and findings scale to represent the three TCS symptom categories, assigning 1 point for each item present.

RESULTS

OTCS presents without radicular/segmental sensorimotor findings, but with leg/back pain and conus dysfunction, in addition to leg fatigue and spasticity; the latter indicating an upper motoneuron pathology. The 15-item scale showed clinical improvement in 89% of patients at the 3-month follow-up and 68% at the 12-month follow-up. Multivariate analysis of the scale revealed that it accurately predicts outcome of FT resection in 82% of cases. Patients with a preoperative score exceeding 6 points are most likely to benefit from surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

By applying the study’s inclusion criteria and incorporating the novel 15-item scale, surgeons can effectively select candidates for FT resection in patients with OTCS. The observed outcomes in these selected patients are comparable to those achieved in degenerative spine surgery.
Comparison of multilevel low-grade techniques versus three-column osteotomies in adult spinal deformity surgery: does harmonious correction matter?
Authors: Passias Peter G. , Williamson Tyler K. , Mir Jamshaid M. , Lebovic Jordan A. , Dave Pooja , Tretiakov Peter S. , Joujon-Roche Rachel , Imbo Bailey , Krol Oscar , Owusu-Sarpong Stephane , Vira Shaleen , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Daniels Alan H. , Diebo Bassel G. , Lafage Renaud , Lafage Virginie
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE

Recent debate has arisen between whether to use a three-column osteotomy (3CO) or multilevel low-grade (MLG) techniques to treat severe sagittal malalignment in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. The goal of this study was to compare the outcomes of 3CO and MLG techniques performed in corrective surgeries for ASD.

METHODS

ASD patients who had a baseline PI-LL > 30° and 2-year follow-up data were included. Patients underwent either 3CO or MLG (thoracolumbar posterior column osteotomies at ≥ 3 levels or anterior lumbar interbody fusion at ≥ 3 levels with no 3CO). The segmental utility ratio was used to assess relative segmental correction (segmental correction divided by overall correction in lordosis divided by the number of thoracolumbar interventions [interbody fusion, thoracolumbar posterior column osteotomies, and 3CO]). The paired t-test was used to assess lordotic distribution by differences in lordosis between adjacent lumbar disc spaces (e.g., L1–2 to L2–3). Multivariate analysis, controlling for age, sex, BMI, osteoporosis, baseline pelvic incidence, and T1 pelvic angle, was used to evaluate the complication rates and radiographic and patient-reported outcomes between the groups.

RESULTS

A total of 93 patients were included, 53% of whom underwent MLG and 47% of whom underwent 3CO. The MLG group had a lower BMI (p < 0.05). MLG patients received fewer previous fusions than 3CO patients (31% vs 80%, p < 0.001). MLG patients had 24% less blood loss but a 22% longer operative time (565 vs 419 minutes, p = 0.008). Using adjusted analysis, the 3CO group had greater segmental and relative correction at each level (segmental utility ratio mean 69% for 3CO vs 23% for MLG, p < 0.001). However, the 3CO group had lordotic differences between two adjacent lumbar disc pairs (range −0.5° to 9.0°, p = 0.009), while MLG was more harmonious (range 2.2°–6.5°, p > 0.4). MLG patients were more likely to undergo realignment to age-adjusted standards (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.2–46.4; p = 0.033). MLG patients were less likely to develop neurological complications or undergo reoperation (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.1–0.9; p = 0.041). Adjusted analysis revealed that MLG patients more often met a substantial clinical benefit in the Oswestry Disability Index score (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.1–26.8; p = 0.043).

CONCLUSIONS

MLG techniques showed better utility in lumbar distribution and age-adjusted global correction while minimizing neurological complications and reoperation rates by 2 years postoperatively. In selected instances, these techniques may offer the spine deformity surgeon a safer alternative when correcting severe adult spinal deformity.
Modernization of the R0 integrator for calculating asteroid ephemerides: accounting for relativistic and non-gravitational effects
Authors:   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo, Balyaev I.A.
Published: March 2024

Currently, there are many tools for calculating the trajectories of asteroids, comets, and meteor particles in the Solar System. However, only a portion of them are available to the astronomical community. Many of them do not always meet the requirements for accuracy and calculation speed. Since there is no universal solution here, the development of new methods that combine speed and accuracy following specific problems of celestial mechanics does not lose its importance. There is an attempt to combine the advantages of two trajectory calculation methods in this work. The first of them was developed at Saint Petersburg State University to quickly calculate the trajectories of a large number of particles and was implemented as a program R0. A significant disadvantage of this R0 realization is relatively low accuracy. The second one is designed to calculate the trajectory with maximum accuracy and is implemented in the form of the ASSIST software package. However, it provides lower performance. One of the reasons is the usage of complex motion equations. Some simplified models are compared with data obtained using NASA services. An assessment of the applicability of the upgraded R0 program is given. However, only part of them are available to the astronomical community. Many of them do not always meet the requirements for accuracy and calculation speed. Since there is no universal solution here, the development of new methods that combine speed and accuracy following specific problems of celestial mechanics does not lose its importance. There is an attempt to combine the advantages of two trajectory calculation methods in this work. The first of them was developed at Saint Petersburg State University to quickly calculate the trajectories of a large number of particles and was implemented as a program R0. A significant disadvantage of this R0 realization is relatively low accuracy. The second one is designed to calculate the trajectory with maximum accuracy and is implemented in the form of the ASSIST software package. However, it provides lower performance. One of the reasons is the usage of complex motion equations. Some simplified models are compared with data obtained using NASA services. An assessment of the applicability of the upgraded R0 program is given.
FORMULATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND EVALUATION OF OCUSERTS FOR QUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: S. Keny  , L. Sawaikar
Published: March 2024

Ophthalmic films are the best sustained-release ocular drug delivery system. The present study targets developing such ocular films of antibacterial with corticosteroid and evaluating its potential. Conventional ocular dosage forms have low bioavailability with low therapeutic response. The solvent cast method employed in ophthalmic films has triggered the minds of researchers to design sustained drug delivery systems overcoming pre-corneal constraints. The compatibility of antibacterial with Loteprednol Etabonate added polymers, excipients were evaluated through preformulation studies. Different combinations of ocular inserts with antibacterial drug and corticosteroid, excipients were formulated and evaluated. Formula CLE 80 (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride with Loteprednol Etabonate) fulfilled the needs of all organoleptic parameters like appearance, texture, surface pH, drug content, and in-vitro studies. The results predicted CLE 80 ophthalmic film would be a promising controlled-release formulation for better patient compliance
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF RILPIVIRINE AND CABOTEGRAVIR IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM: STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION
Authors: Rajani Kumar Kommera , E. Hariprasad
Published: March 2024

A rapid stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Rilpivirine (RIL) and Cabotegravir (CAB) combination in API and pharmaceutical dosage forms. An octadecylsilane HPLC Column (Ascentis C18) with a five-micron particle size of 150 mm length and 4.6 mm internal diameter is used for analysis. A mixture of orthophosphoric acid buffer (0.1% OPA) and acetonitrile (ACN) solvent in the ratio of 3:2 is chosen as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. A photodiode array detector was used at 257 nm for the detection. RIL and CAB solutions were analyzed in the range of 37.5 - 225 µg/mL and 25 -150 µg/mL respectively and the peak area response versus concentration curve obtained is rectilinear. The selectivity, specificity, linearity, robustness, accuracy, and precision were determined. The intended method was successful in the validation of the simultaneous determination of RIL and CAB in the pharmaceutical dosage form. The performance of the proposed method was found to be rapid and economical and is suitable for the QC and QA analysis.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW NILUTAMIDE NO2 GROUP MODIFIED 1,2,3-TRIAZOLES AS In vitro ANTICANCER AGENTS
Authors: Kumar Jakkula Sunil , Kumar Ega Jagadeesh
Published: March 2024

Nilutamide (1) of the NO2 group can be converted to NH2 by addition of triethyl silane and Wilkinson’s catalyst to give amino compound (2) via reduction. It is further treated with t_BuONO by TMSN3 in RB flask containing CH3CN to give 3-(4-(4-azido-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-5-5-dimmethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (3). Azide furthermore reacted with different terminal alkynes in the presence of Sharpless catalyst to form 5,5-dimethyl-3-(4-(4-phenyl-1H1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl imidazolidine-2,4-diones(4a-4j) with favorable yields depicted (scheme-I) in this manuscript. All the compounds were screened for in vitro anti-cancer activity, among them compound 4h containing the 4-CN group showed highest anticancer activity PC3=-1.94±1.16µM and DU-145=1.54±0.32 and MCF7=1.43±0.92 µM. Compound 4d NO2 group resulting compound 4d exhibited PC3 3.38±2.07 and DU-145 =3.58±1.57 µM. Compound 4C containing Ome group PC3=2.10±1.38, DU-145=1.57±0.32 and MCF-7=2.08±1.64 µM as IC50 in µM, Etoposide is used as a reference.
INNOVATIVE SYNTHESIZE OF ZrO2 NANOMATERIAL USING BIODEGRADABLE DRAGON FRUIT PEEL EXTRACTS AND ITS PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY AGAINST METHYL ORANGE BY UV RADIATION
Authors: Kistan  , V. Kanchana  , S. Mohan  , M. Chitra
Published: March 2024

The motivation behind this study is to stress the worth of green amalgamation in the development of nanomaterials. Regarding this declaration, we said that we have examined the morphological, optical, underlying, and photocatalytic color debasement exercises of the incorporated ZrO2 nanoparticles as well as their biosynthesis by means of a response intervened by mythical serpent organic product bloom separate. UV-noticeable spectroscopy was utilized to identify a huge absorbance top at 360 nm. The utilization of SEM affirmed that the nanoparticles, which had a typical size of 17.5 nm, were circular in shape. The nanoparticles' zirconium (70.88%) and oxygen (29.12%) contents were checked utilizing energy-dispersive X-beam examination. The nanoparticles' X-beam powder diffraction (XRD) spectra demonstrated their crystallinity. While the information from HR-TEM shows particles that are 33.75 nm in size. When the photocatalytic movement of ZrO2 NPs was researched, Methyl Orange showed 54.2 % debasement following 120 minutes of UV openness and 68.50 % corruption following an hour and a half of UV openness, individually. This fresh-out of the plastic bio-ZrO2 nanoparticle was utilized to study the photocatalytic breakdown of methyl orange when presented with apparent light. The cationic color was separated by the engineered bio-ZrO2 shortly with 91.8 % corruption ability.
Analisis Sentimen Terhadap Kontroversi Fatwa MUI Nomor 83 Tahun 2023 Tentang Pemboikotan Produk yang Terafiliasi Israel
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Marissa Grace Haque  , Robertus Suraji  , Istianingsih
Published: March 2024

Abstrak: Kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh MUI, khususnya fatwa nomor 83 tahun 2023 yang membahas aspek moralitas dalam mendukung perjuangan palestina, menganjurkan untuk menghindari transaksi dan penggunaan produk yang terkait dengan Israel, terutama negara-negara yang mendukung penjajahan dan Zionisme semaksimal mungkin. Fenomena ini telah memunculkan berbagai tanggapan reaksi dan muncul sebagai subjek wacana yang trending di seluruh platform media sosial termasuk pengguna YouTube. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model klasifikasi sentimen menggunakan mengkomparasi lima metode klasifikasi seperti Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), dan K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) untuk memahami respons terhadap fatwa tersebut. Alat yang digunakan adalah Python Google Collab dengan dataset berasal dari komentar YouTube. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tiga klasifikasi sentimen: setuju, tidak setuju, dan netral, dengan tingkat akurasi Naive Bayes 75%, Decision Tree 65%, Random Forest 67%, SVM 63%, K-NN 53%. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang distribusi sentimen terkait fatwa tersebut, serta menjadi dasar untuk penelitian lebih lanjut dalam analisis sentimen dan dinamika opini publik.
De la formación teórica al pensamiento epistémico en los posgrados en Educación en América Latina
Authors: Correa-Arias César
Published: March 2024

El desarrollo de habilidades y capacidades para la investigación en los posgrados de Educación en América Latina representa un espacio narrativo-reflexivo para la construcción de un pensamiento teórico y epistémico autónomo. Los procesos narrativos son la conjunción entre literatura de vida y literatura científica, vinculando el trayecto de formación en el posgrado y el proyecto de construcción subjetiva e intersubjetiva de sus estudiantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las dificultades y oportunidades que los estudiantes de estos programas poseen en la construcción de sus marcos teóricos en el desarrollo de sus tesis, de suerte que permitan el paso de un ejercicio de teorización a un pensamiento epistémico. La metodología empleada es participativa/crítica y cualitativa, con una orientación fenomenológica. Los hallazgos más importantes evidencian la falta de capacidades para el uso de categorías de análisis en la construcción conceptual. Concluimos que la fundamentación teórica de las tesis en los estudios de posgrado en ciencias de la educación representa un laboratorio narrativo de construcción de epistemologías plurales y de una hospitalidad y equidad epistémicas. Esto promoverá el paso de una fundamentación teórica a un pensamiento epistémico mediante un diálogo hospitalario, equitativo e incluyente.
Dissecting Alzheimer’s Disease Risk in Asian American Elders: A Classification and Regression Tree Approach
Authors: Moon Sung Seek , Anderson Lindsey , Liu Jinyu , Lee Jinwon , Moon Youngkwang
Published: March 2024

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a growing public health challenge, particularly with an aging population. While extensive research has explored the relationships between AD, socio-demographic factors, and cardiovascular risk factors, a notable gap exists in understanding these connections within the Asian American elderly population.

Objective:

This study aims to address this gap by employing the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) approach to investigate the intricate interplay of socio-demographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, sleep patterns, prior antidepressant use, and AD among Asian American elders.

Methods:

Data from the 2017 Uniform Data Set, provided by the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center, were analyzed, focusing on a sample of Asian American elders ( n = 4,343). The analysis utilized the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) approach.

Results:

CART analysis identified critical factors, including levels of independence, specific age thresholds (73.5 and 84.5 years), apnea, antidepressant use, and body mass index, as significantly associated with AD risk.

Conclusions:

These findings have far-reaching implications for future research, particularly in examining the roles of gender, cultural nuances, socio-demographic factors, and cardiovascular risk elements in AD within the Asian American elderly population. Such insights can inform tailored interventions, improved healthcare access, and culturally sensitive policies to address the complex challenges posed by AD in this community.
Is Effective Recruitment Strategy Critical to Assess Brain Cognitive Function of Super Agers in Rural West Texas
Authors: Brownell Malcolm , Sehar Ujala , Kshirsagar Sudhir , Reddy P. Hemachandra
Published: March 2024

Our commentary aims to elucidate the importance of participant recruitment strategy in healthy brain aging study, particularly in rural West Texas, where more than 50% of the population are Hispanics and Latinos. The objective of our health aging study is to investigate the possible influence of biological, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors on the occurrence of chronic diseases and dementia in the aging populations of West Texas. The success of this initiative is, in large part, reliant on high-quality, effective recruitment of participants. To that end, we propose an increase in our strategic recruitment efforts for both healthy, cognitively superior agers as well as those with mild cognitive impairment and patients with Alzheimer’s disease in rural west Texas. We discussed, multi-advertising approaches, including ads in the local newspapers, local TV Channels and poster boards in senior centers.
The burden of low back pain in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Wu Zhiming , Huang Guoxin , Ai Jinwei , Liu Ying , Pei Bin
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Low back pain is highly prevalent and the main cause of years lived with disability, but data on the burden and trends of low back pain (LBP) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are sparse. OBJECTIVE: To assess trends in the burden of LBP among AYAs aged 15–39 years at the global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 were used to analyze incidence, prevalence and Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) due to LBP at global, regional, and national levels. Joinpoint regression analysis calculated the average annual percentage changes (AAPC). Then analyse the association between incidence, prevalence and DALYs and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Finally, projections were made until 2030 and calculated in Nordpred. RESULTS: The incidence, prevalence and DALYs rates (95%UI) were 2252.78 (1809.47–2784.79), 5473.43 (4488.62–6528.15) and 627.66 (419.71–866.97) in 2019, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates AAPC (95%CI) were -0.49 (-0.56 to -0.42), -0.58 (-0.65 to -0.51) and -0.57 (-0.64 to -0.5), respectively. Incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates in South Asia, East Asia, High-income North America, Western Europe, and Australasia decreased with SDI. Incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates in Central Asia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe decreased and then increased with SDI. At the national level, the incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates are high in the United States and low in India and China. From the 2020 to 2030, most regions is predicted to decline. CONCLUSION: LBP in AYAs is a major global public problem with a high burden. There are large differences in incidence, prevalence and DALYs across SDIs, regions and countries. there is still a need to focus on LBP in AYAs and tailor interventions to reduce the future burden of this condition.
The immediate effect of thoracolumbar fascia taping on biomechanical properties, low back pain and balance in individuals with transfemoral amputation
Authors: Çalışkan Zehra , Alaca Nuray , Kablan Nilüfer
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: In individuals with transfemoral amputation (TFA), adaptations caused by prosthesis use may adversely affect contractile/noncontractile structures. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immediate effect of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) kinesiology taping (KT) on the tone and stiffness of the fascia, low back pain (LBP) and standing balance in individuals with TFA. METHODS: Syrian male participants with TFA were enrolled in the prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Participants were divided into two groups: Experimental (EG with KT, n= 15) and Control (CG with sham KT, n= 14). A 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was performed, after which KT was applied. Measurements were taken at baseline, immediately after the 6MWT and 30 minutes after KT. RESULTS: Although pain decreased below baseline in both groups at 30 minutes post intervention (p< 0.001), the rate of pain reduction was significantly higher in the EG (p= 0.016). Anterior-posterior sway with eyes open improved significantly 30 minutes after KT application only in the EG (p= 0.010). In the eyes closed condition, anterior-posterior and medio-lateral sway decreased significantly compared to baseline 30 minutes after taping in the EG (p= 0.010-0.032). CONCLUSION: KT can be used as an effective method to support standing balance and reduce LBP in individuals with TFA.
Neural architecture search for radio map reconstruction with partially labeled data
Authors: Malkova Aleksandra , Amini Massih-Reza , Denis Benoît , Villien Christophe
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we tackle the challenging task of reconstructing Received Signal Strength (RSS) maps by harnessing location-dependent radio measurements and augmenting them with supplementary data related to the local environment. This side information includes city plans, terrain elevations, and the locations of gateways. The quantity of available supplementary data varies, necessitating the utilization of Neural Architecture Search (NAS) to tailor the neural network architecture to the specific characteristics of each setting. Our approach takes advantage of NAS’s adaptability, allowing it to automatically explore and pinpoint the optimal neural network architecture for each unique scenario. This adaptability ensures that the model is finely tuned to extract the most relevant features from the input data, thereby maximizing its ability to accurately reconstruct RSS maps. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using three distinct datasets, each corresponding to a major city. Notably, we observe significant enhancements in areas near the gateways, where fluctuations in the mean received signal power are typically more pronounced. This underscores the importance of NAS-driven architectures in capturing subtle spatial variations. We also illustrate how NAS efficiently identifies the architecture of a Neural Network using both labeled and unlabeled data for Radio Map reconstruction. Our findings emphasize the potential of NAS as a potent tool for improving the precision and applicability of RSS map reconstruction techniques in urban environments.
Judgment prediction from legal documents using Texas wolf optimization based deep BiLSTM model
Authors: Shelar Avadhut , Moharir Minal
Published: March 2024

The complicated nature of legal texts, a lack of labeled data, concerns about fairness, and difficulties with interpretation represent some of the challenges that judicial judgment prediction models encounter. The approach we propose seeks to conquer these challenges by using advanced techniques for deep learning, such as deep Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks to recognize complex linguistic patterns and transfer learning to make more efficient use of data. Employing a deep BiLSTM classifier (TWO-BiLSTM) model based on Texas wolf optimization, the research aims to predict legal judgments. To prepare it for evaluation, it initially collects and preprocesses judicial data. Feature extraction involves statistical and Principal component Analysis (PCA) techniques to generate an extensive feature set. The model undergoes training utilizing these features in addition to preprocessed data. A hybrid Texas wolf optimization tactic, based on the optimization of gray wolves and Harris hawks, is employed to boost performance. The ability of the model to accurately and effectively predict legal judgment has been demonstrated by testing it on different sets of judicial data. The model achieved reasonably well in TP 90, having an accuracy of 97.00%. It also achieved exceedingly well in f-score, precision, and recall, having scores of 97.29, 97.10, and 97.19, correspondingly. The model’s effectiveness was further demonstrated in the k-fold 10 assessment, which exhibited 96.00% accuracy and robustness. In addition, using f-score, precision, and recall metrics of 96.25, 96.89, and 95.96, respectively, the model showed outstanding performance. These outstanding results demonstrate the model’s effectiveness and dependability for providing accurate predictions.
A study on human perception of document paragraph layout using surveys1
Authors: Aziz Benjamin , Bukhelli Aysha
Published: March 2024

We identify a list of characteristics of a text document that we use as the basis for a study on human perception of what the structure of a document should look like. Our study reveals that the native language dimension has a significant impact on the human perception of some such characteristics, including the average number of paragraphs starting with a verb, as well as other characteristics describing average paragraph proportions. The study results also show what the mean values are, for the different document characteristics, and their distribution across the native language dimension, therefore providing some idea of what a normalised structure of a document should look like. The results of the study have a direct application in a new method for embedding secret messages in text documents that has been recently proposed by the authors and which uses manipulations in the paragraph layout of a document.
Caloric Restriction Improves Spatial Learning Deficits in Tau Mice
Authors: Cogut Valeria , McNeely Taylor L. , Bussian Tyler J. , Graves Sara I. , Baker Darren J.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Caloric restriction (CR) has been recognized for its benefits in delaying age-related diseases and extending lifespan. While its effects on amyloid pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse models are well-documented, its effects on tauopathy, another hallmark of AD, are less explored.

Objective:

To assess the impact of a short-term 30% CR regimen on age-dependent spatial learning deficits and pathological features in a tauopathy mouse model.

Methods:

We subjected male PS19 tau P301S (hereafter PS19) and age-matched wildtype mice from two age cohorts (4.5 and 7.5 months old) to a 6-week 30% CR regimen. Spatial learning performance was assessed using the Barnes Maze test. Tau pathology, neuroinflammation, hippocampal cell proliferation, and neurogenesis were evaluated in the older cohort by immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR.

Results:

CR mitigated age-dependent spatial learning deficits in PS19 mice but exhibited limited effects on tau pathology and the associated neuroinflammation. Additionally, we found a decrease in hippocampal cell proliferation, predominantly of Iba1+ cells.

Conclusions:

Our findings reinforce the cognitive benefits conferred by CR despite its limited modulation of disease pathology. Given the pivotal role of microglia in tau-driven pathology, the observed reduction in Iba1+ cells under CR suggests potential therapeutic implications, particularly if CR would be introduced early in disease progression.
Dementia Knowledge, Attitude toward Dementia, and Confidence in Dementia Care: Impact of a Dementia Training on German Nursing Students
Authors: Seltmann Henriette , Teichmann Birgit
Published: March 2024

Background:

The number of people with dementia (PwD) in acute care hospitals is steadily increasing, posing a challenge for those who work closely with patients. To date, no German study has addressed the extent to which prospective nurses benefit from dementia training in terms of their knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in caring for PwD.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to investigate whether a validated dementia training for registered nurses can positively change nursing students’ knowledge about dementia, their attitude toward PwD, and their confidence in caring for them, as well as the stability over time.

Methods:

In the one-group pre-test, post-test design, a sample of 81 nursing students was recruited from two nursing schools in Germany between May and June 2023. They completed a questionnaire consisting of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale, the Dementia Attitude Scale, and the Confidence in Dementia Scale, as well as sociodemographic questions and experiences with PwD at three measurement points. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and repeated measures ANOVA.

Results:

The training has a significant effect on knowledge in dementia ( z = –5.07, p < 0.001), attitude toward PwD ( z = –4.42, p < 0.001), and confidence in caring for them at the post-test ( z = –3. 21, p < 0.001, r = 0.36). The repeated measures ANOVA shows stability over time only for dementia knowledge.

Conclusions:

The results indicate the need for further research in this field as well as the validation of the dementia training specifically addressing nursing students.
Physical simulation and computational modelling for validation of soft magnetic composite impeder performance
Authors: Muyskens Sean M. , Morris David R. , Yakey Christopher J. , Goldstein Robert C.
Published: March 2024

Induction tube welding systems utilize an internal magnetic flux controller (impeder) to improve process efficiency. Work has previously been done showing that soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials may be suitable to improve these systems. A test stand was devised for the physical simulation of SMC impeder performance for use in induction tube welding systems. Tests were run to determine the loading and cooling conditions in which an impeder core made of SMCs could survive. Additionally, 2D thermal simulations were run to determine the cooling system thresholds given a particular magnetic loading of the core. The goal of these tests was to expand the design envelopes in which impeder cores made of SMCs could survive and validate their use in induction tube welding systems.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Neuromuscular Diseases: A Scoping Review
Authors: Voet Nicoline , Pater Ronne , Garmendia Joana , Sistiaga Andone , Labayru Garazi , Gallais Benjamin , de Groot Ingrid , Muslemani Samar , Gagnon Cynthia , Graham Christopher
Published: March 2024

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are valuable in comprehensively understanding patients’ health experiences and informing healthcare decisions in research and clinical care without clinicians’ input. Until now, no central resource containing information on all PROMS in neuromuscular diseases (NMD) is available, hindering the comparison and choice of PROMs used to monitor NMDs and appropriately reflect the patient’s voice. This scoping review aimed to present a comprehensive assessment of the existing literature on using PROMs in children and adults with NMD. A scoping methodology was followed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines to assess the literature on PROMs in NMDs. Eligibility criteria encompassed articles describing psychometric development or evaluation of generic or disease-specific PROM-based instruments for adults and children with specific NMDs. The data charting process involved extracting measurement properties of included PROMs, comprising validity, reliability, responsiveness, and interpretability information. The review identified 190 PROMs evaluated across 247 studies in individuals with NMDs. The majority of PROMs were disease specific. The physical functioning domain was most assessed. Validity was the most frequently investigated measurement property, with a limited number of PROMs sufficiently evaluated for a range of psychometric characteristics. There is a strong need for further research on the responsiveness and interpretability of PROMs and the development of PROMs on social functioning in NMD.
Enhanced group decision-making through an intelligent algorithmic approach for multiple-attribute credit evaluation with 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic sets
Authors: Mao Cui
Published: March 2024

With the development of the internet economy, e-commerce has rapidly risen, and a large number of small and micro e-commerce enterprises have emerged. However, these enterprises have low financial information transparency, small scale, and high development uncertainty. Therefore, combining the characteristics of the internet economy, it is of great significance to dynamically evaluate credit risk. This not only helps to enhance the quality and rationality of credit risk evaluation results, but also helps to improve financing efficiency and reduce financing risks. The credit evaluation for small and micro enterprises is a multiple-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM). Recently, the TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multicriteria decision making) and TOPSIS method has been inaugurated to cope with MAGDM issues. The 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic sets (2TLNSs) are inaugurated as an effective tool for characterizing uncertain information during the credit evaluation for small and micro enterprises. In this paper, the 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic TODIM-TOPSIS (2TLNN-TODIM-TOPSIS) method is inaugurated to solve the MAGDM under 2TLNSs. Finally, a numerical case study for credit evaluation for small and micro enterprises is inaugurated to confirm the proposed method. The prime contribution of this paper are outlined: (1) The information entropy based on score function and accuracy function are built on the 2TLNSs to obtain weight information; (2) an integrated the 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic TODIM-TOPSIS (2TLNN-TODIM-TOPSIS) method is established to cope with MAGDM; (3) An illustrative example for credit evaluation for small and micro enterprises has accomplished to illustrate the 2TLNN-TODIM-TOPSIS; (4) some comparative analysis are employed to verify the 2TLNN-TODIM-TOPSIS method.
On two new modified tawn copulas
Authors: Chesneau Christophe
Published: March 2024

At its core, copula theory focuses on constructing a copula function, which characterizes the structure of dependence between random variables. In particular, the creation of extreme value copulas is crucial because they allow accurate modeling of extreme dependence that traditional copulas can ignore. In this article, we propose theoretical developments on this subject by proposing two new extreme value copulas. They aim to extend the functionalities of the so-called Tawn copula. This is of interest because the Tawn copula is known to be a powerful tool in modeling joint distributions, particularly in capturing asymmetric and upper tail dependences, making it valuable for analyzing extreme events and tail risk. The proposed copulas are designed to go beyond these attractive features. On the mathematical side, they are derived from new Pickands dependence functions; one modifies the Pickands dependence function of the Tawn copula by using a polynomial-exponential function, and the other does the same but by introducing a power function. The proofs are based on diverse differentiation, arrangement, and inequality techniques. Overall, the created copulas are attractive because (i) they possess modulable levels of asymmetry, (ii) they depend on several tuning parameters, making them very flexible in terms of upper tail dependence in particular, and (iii) they benefit from interesting correlation ranges of values. Several figures and value tables support the theoretical findings.
Dual-process theories, cognitive architectures, and hybrid neural-symbolic models
Authors: Sun Ron
Published: March 2024

This position paper discusses relationships among hybrid neural-symbolic models, dual-process theories, and cognitive architectures. It provides some historical backgrounds and argues that dual-process (implicit versus explicit) theories have significant implications for developing neural-symbolic (neurosymbolic) models. Furthermore, computational cognitive architectures can help to disentangle issues concerning dual-process theories and thus help the development of neural-symbolic models (in this way as well as in other ways).
Influence of brick laying height on biomechanical load in masons: Cross-sectional field study with technical measurements
Authors: Brandt Mikkel , Bláfoss Rúni , Jakobsen Markus Due , Samani Afshin , Ajslev Jeppe Z.N. , Madeleine Pascal , Andersen Lars L.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) located in the low back and neck/shoulder regions are major concerns for both workers, workplaces, and society. Masons are prone to WMSD, because their work is characterized by repetitive work and high physical workload. However, the knowledge on the physical workload during bricklaying is primarily based on subjective measurements. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional field study with technical measurements aimed to quantify physical workload in terms of muscular activity and degree of forward bending during bricklaying at different working heights among masons, i.e., knee, hip, shoulder, and above shoulder height. METHODS: Twelve male (36.1±16.1 years) experienced masons participated in a cross-sectional field study with technical measurements. Surface electromyography from erector spinae longissimus and upper trapezius muscles and an inertial measurement unit-sensor placed on the upper back were used to assess the physical workload (level of muscle activation and degree of forward bending) different bricklaying heights. Manual video analysis was used to determine duration of work tasks, frequency, type, and working height. The working heights were categorized as ‘knee’, ‘hip’, ‘shoulder’, and ‘above shoulder’. The 95 percentiles of the normalized Root Mean Square (RMSn) values were extracted assess from erector spinae and trapezius recordings to assess strenuous level muscle of muscle activation. RESULTS: The RMSn of dominant erector spinae muscle increased from hip- to shoulder height (from 26.6 to 29.6, P < 0.0001), but not from hip to above shoulder height and decreased from hip to knee height (from 26.6 to 18.9, P < 0.0001). For the dominant trapezius muscle, the RMSn increased from hip- to shoulder- and above shoulder height (from 13.9 to 19.7 and 24.0, respectively, P < 0.0001) but decreased from hip- to knee height (from 13.9 to 11.5, P < 0.0001). Compared to hip height (27.9°), an increased forward bending was detected during bricklaying at knee height (34.5°, P < 0.0001) and a decreased degree of forward bending at shoulder- and above shoulder height (17.6° and 12.5°, P < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Based on technical measurements, bricklaying at hip height showed the best compromise between muscular load and degree of forward bending. This study contributes to the development of the work environment for masons and can help guide preventive initiatives to reduce physical workload.
Authors: Suzana Yenny , Hanum Lathifah , Kartika Sonia , Zain Ulfa
Published: March 2024

Berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan di MIS Terpadu Kota Langsa ditemukan kurangnya kepekaan siswa terhadap lingkungan, minimnya kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa, guru cenderung menggunakan bahan ajar yang telah ada yang diperoleh dari penerbit sehingga tidak sesuai dengan karakteristik serta budaya siswa. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk melakukan pendampingan literasi numerasi berbasis go green pada guru dan siswa dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai profetik. Pelaksanaan pendampingan dilakukan di dalam dan di luar ruang kelas dalam menumbuhkan kemampuan literasi numerasi berbasis gogreen. Tehnik pendampingan menggunakan pendekatan Asset Based Community Development (ABCD). Langkah-langkah pendekatan ABCD diawali analisis kebutuhan dengan melihat aset-aset yang dimiliki Madrasah, merumuskan permasalahan, dan merancang/mengembangkan bahan pembelajaran  bersama guru-guru kelas 2 yang terlibat, dan mendampingi guru melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran materi penjumlahan bilangan bulat berbasis gogreen di dalam dan di luar kelas dengan menanamkan nilai profetik, melakukan evaluasi dan umpan balik terhadap kemajuan siswa, serta melaksanakan Focus Group Discution (FGD). Kegiatan pengabdian ini melibatkan kepala madrasah, wakil kepala madrasah bidang kurikulum, guru kelas 2, dan seluruh siswa kelas II MIS Terpadu kota Langsa. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi partisipatif yaitu  abdimas turut serta terlibat langsung dalam subjek yang diteliti. Adanya keterlibatan langsung pada aktifitas keseharian subjek yang diamati untuk memperoleh pandangan dan pemaknaan subjek terhadap kegiatan-kegiatan yang berlangsung. Angket respon guru dan siswa terhadap kegiatan yang dilaksanakan, dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh berupa data emic dan data etic kemudian dianalisis kata, prasa, selanjutnya diorganisasi. Data yang telah terorganisasi tersebut dirangkum kemudian digeneralisasi dan dibuat kesimpulan.