bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organoselenium mild electrophiles in the inhibition of Mpro and SARSCoV-2 replication
Authors: Sancineto Luca , Mangiavacchi Francesca , Dąbrowska Agnieszka , Pacuła Agata , Obieziurska-Fabisiak Magdalena , Scimmi Cecilia , Lei Ying , Kong Juan , Zhao Yao , dos Santos Machado Karina , Velasque Werhli Adriano , Ciancaleoni Gianluca , Nascimento Vanessa , Kula-Pacurar Anna , Lenardão Eder João , Yang Haitao , Ścianowski Jacek , Pyrc Krzysztof , Santi Claudio
Published: September 2020

New Ebselen-like derivatives resulted to be very strong in vitro inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. We demonstrated that this activity mainly depends on the electrophilicity of the selenium atom that is considerably higher in the N-substituted 1,2- benzoselenazol-3(2H)-ones respect to the corresponding diselenides allowing it to be rapidly attached by free thiols affording sulfur-selenium intermediates that are further subjected to thiol exchange processes. This data paints a very complex scenario that requires us to consider Ebselen and Ebselen-like derivatives as potential electrophilic substrates for the several other free thiols present in the cell beside the target free cysteine. The sulfur selenium intermediates are milder electrophiles that could be theoretically implicated in both the detoxification process as well as in the final enzymatic inhibition. We here demonstrated that the in vitro inhibition activity is not fully reproduced in the prevention of viral replication in the cell-based assay. This indicates that the structure of the substituents introduced in the Ebselen scaffold is a crucial factor to control the reactivity of the selenated molecule in the network of thiol exchanges, as well as for molecular recognition of the targeted enzymatic cysteine. For this reason, an in-depth investigation is strongly desirable to better understand how to increase the activity and the selectivity of Ebselen derivatives overcoming the issues of the apparent PAINS-like role of Ebselen. Furthermore, besides the antiviral activity, thee selected compounds also showed a different ability to reduce the virus-induced cytopathic effect, indicating that other mechanisms could be implicated. One may consider here the well-known cytoprotective antioxidant activity of Ebselen and its derivatives.
A 3D-Printed, Modular, and Parallelized Microfluidic System with Customizable ECM Integration to Investigate the Roles of Basement Membrane Topography on Endothelial Cells
Authors: Jones Curtis G. , Huang Tianjiao , Chung Jay H. , Chen Chengpeng
Published: September 2020

Because dysfunctions of endothelial cells are involved in many pathologies, in vitro endothelial cell models for pathophysiological and pharmaceutical studies have been a valuable research tool. Although numerous microfluidic-based endothelial models have been reported, they had the cells cultured on a flat surface without considering the possible 3D structure of the native ECM. Endothelial cells rest on the basement membrane in vivo, which contains an aligned microfibrous topography. To better understand and model the cells, it is necessary to know if and how the fibrous topography can affect endothelial functions. With conventional fully integrated microfluidic apparatus, it is difficult to include additional topographies in a microchannel. Therefore, we developed a modular microfluidic system by 3D-printing and electrospinning, which enabled easy integration and switching of desired ECM topographies. Also, with standardized designs, the system allowed for high flow rates up to 4000 µL/min, which covered the full shear stress range for endothelial studies. We found that the aligned fibrous topography on the ECM altered arginine metabolism in endothelial cells, and thus increased nitric oxide production. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most versatile endothelial model that has been reported, and the new knowledge generated thereby lays a groundwork for future endothelial research and modeling.
Pozisyon doğruluğu için SMSM'lerde Luenberg durum gözlemcisi tabanlı RDK tasarımı
Authors: AKSÖZ Ahmet , TORUN Yunis
Published: September 2020

Bu
çalışmada, geri besleme sinyalleri olarak bir resolver sensörün çıkış
sinyalleri kullanılarak bir motor pozisyon kontrolü sunulmuştur. Resolver
sensörü, motor rotor açısının konum verisini elde etmek için kullanılır. SMSM
(sabit mıknatıslı senkron motor)'un enerji verimliliği motor pozisyon
hatalarından etkilenir. Çünkü motor pozisyonu hataları enerji kaybına neden
olur. Artan pozisyon doğruluğu aynı zamanda enerji verimliliğini de arttırır. Resolver
sensörü yüksek çözünürlüğe sahiptir, ancak bu doğruluk optimize edilebilir. RDK
(resolver dijital konverter) içerisinde bir gözlemci yöntemi kullanılabilir.
Özellikle, Luenberg durum gözlemcisi kararlı halde daha iyi parametreler
üretir. SMSMlerde referans hızda nominal yük altında Luenberg durum özlemcisi
tabanlı RDK tasarımı klasik RDK ile karşılaştırılmıştır. İlk olarak, SMSM'nin
matematiksel modeli kararlı durumda açıklanmıştır. Ek olarak, resolver ve RDK teorik
olarak açıklanmıştır. Böylece, hata değerleri PMSM için bulunabilir. Ayrıca, RDK
içerisinde Luenberg durum gözlemcisi, 7.07 Vrms ve 400Hz lik bir resolver için
tasarlanmıştır. Mutlak pozisyonu ve maksimum doğruluğu veya minimum elektrik
hatasını elde etmek için bir simülasyon modeli gerçekleştirilir. Önerilen
Luenberg durum gözlemcisi esaslı yöntem modelde uygulanmaktadır. Bu nedenle,
Luenberg durum gözlemcisi enerji verimliliğine dayalı RDK performansı, klasik
RDC kullanarak tartışılmaktadır.
Tasarımcıların Yaratıcılık, Bütünleştirme, Kavramsallaştırma ve Uygulama Becerileri Üzerine Çizim Tekniklerinin Etkileri
Authors: ŞENLER Filiz , YILDIRIM Kemal
Published: September 2020

Bu araştırmada, tasarım alanında yaygın olarak kullanılan dijital tasarım teknolojilerinin sunduğu imkânların ve yeniliklerin, tasarımcıların yaratıcılık/özgünlük, bütünleştirme, kavramsallaştırma ve uygulama becerileri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, dijital teknolojinin etkilediği tasarım stüdyolarında, tasarım sürecinde kullanılan manuel çizim (MD) ve bilgisayar destekli tasarım (CAD) tekniklerinin, tasarımcıların yaratıcılık, bütünleştirme, kavramsallaştırma ve uygulama becerileri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma anketinde, çizim tekniklerinin tasarım eğitimcileri ve öğrencilerinin tasarım performansını oluşturan yaratıcılık/özgünlük, bütünleştirme, kavramsallaştırma ve uygulama becerileri üzerindeki etkilerini öğrenmek için üç seçenekli toplamda 34 soru bulunmaktadır. Anketten elde edilen sonuçlar, tasarım stüdyolarında MD+CAD tekniklerinin birlikte kullanıldığı durumlarda, öğrencilerin yaratıcılık/özgünlük, bütünleştirme, kavramsallaştırma ve uygulama becerileri üzerinde daha olumlu etkilerinin olabileceğini göstermektedir.
MODELING AND FORECASTING HUMIDITY IN BANGLADESH: BOX-JENKINS APPROACH
Authors: Chowdhury Mashfiqul Huq , Mondal Somaresh , Islam Jobaidul
Published: September 2020

Humidity (atmospheric moisture) is an important atmospheric component and has significant influence on plant growth and development. The rate of growth and the form that a plant attains is controlled by humidity. The present study is an attempt to analyze the seasonal humidity’s of Bangladesh by employing appropriate statistical techniques. The main objective of this study is to examine humidity over time in Bangladesh and find a suitable model for forecasting. This study utilizes humidity data from Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), recorded at 6 divisional meteorological stations for the period of 1976 to 2015. This study found that annual average humidity of Bangladesh is 78.88%. Initially data set is checked for whether it is stationary or not through Augmented Dickey Fuller test. Data was found non-stationary but it was transformed to stationary after taking first difference. Then seasonal ARIMA model was built using Box and Jenkins approach. After examining of all diagnostic procedures, ARIMA (2,0,1)(2,1,1)12 model has been identified as an appropriate model for forecasting  60 months (2016-2020) seasonal humidity.
DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL LOAN ACCESS FROM FORMAL SOURCES IN CROSS RIVER STATE CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL ZONE, NIGERIA
Authors: O. I. Ettah , B. O. Ebu
Published: September 2020

Formal agricultural loan is an important tool in agricultural development and key to agricultural modernization.  This is because this source of loans enables farmers to have access to production inputs as well as adopt modern farm technologies. For agricultural development to be achieved and sustained, agricultural loan is required especially in the rural areas where majority of the populace are engaged in agriculture. The study set out to analyse the determinants of agricultural loan access from formal sources in Cross River State central agricultural zone, Nigeria and proffer policy recommendations based on the findings. A three-stage random sampling technique was employed to get a total of 100 respondents with the use of a detailed structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression model were used to analyse the data. Result of the analysis showed that socio-economic characteristics of farmers such as: age, gender, occupational status, household size, educational level, farming experience, farm size, farm income, off- farm income, and labour use by respondents determined farmers access or otherwise to loan from formal sources and result of the logit regression model showed that age, education, farm size, collateral, farm income and cooperative membership all affected access of loan from formal sources positively, while farm experience do not determine access of loan from formal sources. The following recommendations were made: farmers in the area should be encouraged by government to enhance their educational level, more farmland should also be made available to increase their farm size and cooperative society’s membership should be encouraged by government.
SCHOOL-BASED TEACHER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SRI LANKA
Authors: Bandara Senevirathna
Published: September 2020

Teacher professional development is the ‘key’ of the developing students’ quality of the outcomes in the 21st century. Under such a situation, teachers have to update and intensify their knowledge, skills, attitudes and practices according to students’ current expansive demand. In this context, School-Based Teacher Professional Development is a very important concept, because it allows teachers to plan, organise and implement their own professional development programs, considering their particular needs, as well as those of students and school. However, this concept has not been extensively developed in the Sri Lankan education context. Focusing on the Sri Lankan secondary school context, this study examines the possibilities, effectiveness, strategies, issues and challenges involved in implementing these programs in the teachers’ professional development. Simultaneously, the situation of the Non-School-Based Teacher Development programs are also examined because these are currently prominent and this study assumed that both programs need to be integrated in order to provide balanced teacher professional development. The qualitative research approach and the case-study method has been employed. The data were collected by conducting interviews, non-participative observation and sample-based documentary searching. According to the findings, strong recommendations were proposed and relevant guidelines were suggested for future researches.
ACTIVE POWER LOSS REDUCTION BY ASSORTED ALGORITHMS
Authors: Lenin K.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents assorted algorithms for solving optimal reactive power problem. Symbiosis modeling (SM), which extends the dynamics of the canonical PSO algorithm by adding a significant ingredient that takes into account the symbiotic co evolution between species, Hybridization of  Evolutionary  algorithm with Conventional Algorithm (HCA) that uses the abilities of evolutionary and conventional algorithm and Genetical Swarm Optimization (GS), which combines Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).All the above said  SM, HCA,GS algorithms are used to  augment the convergence rate with good Exploration & Exploitation. All the three SM, HCA, GS is applied to Reactive Power optimization problem and has been evaluated in standard IEEE 30 System. The results shows that all the three algorithms perform well in solving the reactive power problem with rapid convergence rate .Of all the three  algorithms SM has the slight edge in reducing the real power loss over  HCA&GS.
Manisa Mufti, Abdi Efendi of and His Poetry Fatwas
Authors: ELİAÇIK Muhittin
Published: September 2020

Osmanlı ilmiyesinde hukuki bir konu olan fetvâlar manzum biçimde de yazılmış ve böyle yazılmış fetvâlar büyük ilgi çekmiştir. Manzum biçimde yazılmış fetvâlar yüzyıllarca özel biçimde mecmua ve özel defterlerde muhafaza edilmiş, hatta
farklı nüshalarda farklı biçimlerde kaydedilmiştir. Umumiyetle mensur biçimde verilen Osmanlı fetvâlarının manzum biçimde de verilmesi öncelikle suali soranın bu yolu tercih etmesinden dolayı gerçeklemiştir. Ancak, mesele sorulan
müftünün şair olması da önemli bir etken olmuştur. Osmanlı divan şairleri arasında saygın bir durumda bulunan şeyhülislâm ve müftülerin muhtelif tarihlerde birçok manzum fetvâ verdikleri görülmüştür. Bugüne kadar tanıtmış olduğumuz
manzum fetvâlar birkaçı hariç tamamı şeyhülislâmlar tarafından verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise çeşitli kazalarda görev yapmış bir Osmanlı müftüsünün manzum fetvâları tanıtılmaktadır. Osmanlı döneminde kadılar aynı zamanda fetvâ verme
işini de yapmış ve bu durumu mühür ve imzalarında ‘me’zûn bi’l-iftâ’ ibaresi ile bildirmişlerdir. Bu makalede tanıtılan Abdi Efendi 16.yüzyılın sonlarıyla 17.yüzyılın başlarında yaşamış, genellikle Batı Anadolu civarıda merkezî
yerlerde kadılık ve müftülük yapmış, birçok naip atamıştır. Manzum fetvâlarının altındaki imzada kendisini Manisa müftüsü olarak tanıtmıştır. Fetvâlarının bir kısmının da yer aldığı fevaid türü mecmuada birçok mektup ve şiir bulunmakta
olup bunların çoğunun isimsiz biçimde kaydedildiği görülmektedir. Hayatı hakkında şimdilik yeterli bilgi elde edilememiştir. Elimizde şimdilik bir adet manzum fetvâsı bulunmaktadır.
Turkish Contributions of Mütercim Āsim Efendi to Burhân-I Kâtiʻ (Tools and Item Names)
Authors: TOPRAK Funda
Published: September 2020

1799 Yılında Farsça’dan Türkçe’ye Mütercim Āsım Efendi tarafından tercüme edilen Tıbyan-ı Nafi der Terceme-i Burhān-ı Kātıʻ sözlüğü Burhān mahlaslı Tebrizli Hüseyin tarafından 1652 yılında yazılmış bir sözlüktür. Mütercim Asım altı
yılda tamamladığı çalışmasını III. Selim’e sunmuştur. Şair, tarihçi ve sözlükçü olarak tarihimizin önemli isimlerden biri olan Mütercim Āsım Efendi bu sözlüğü çevirirken Türkçe bilgisini göstermiş, Anadolu ve Çağatay sahasından
pek çok sözcüğü de açıklama yaparak vermiştir. Bu özelliği ile sözlük birebir çeviri olmaktan uzaklaşmış; ancak Türkçe söz varlığının tespitinde önemli bir görevi de üstlenmiştir. Mütercim Āsım Efendi, Burhān-ı Kātıʻ’da Türki,
Türkistan ve Rumî gibi sözcükleri de sözcüğün yaşadığı coğrafyayı anlatmak için kullanmıştır. Bu makalede onun bu sözlüğe katkısı sayılabilecek Anadolu ve Çağatay sahasından eklediği sözcüklerden alet/eşya isimleri tespit edilmiş,
kökenleri üzerine tanıklar verilmeye çalışılmış ve tartışmalı bazı sözcükler üzerinden sözlükçülüğümüzün önemli bir sorununa dikkat çekilmiştir. Sözlük hazırlayanlar kimi zaman bilmeden kimi zaman da kasıtlı olarak sözcüklerin
kökenini başka dillerle açıklama yollarına başvurmaktadırlar. Tespit edilen sözcükler içerisinde bu durumda olanlar üzerinde köken ve kullanım alanına göre yorumlar yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarının ve elde edilen
sözcüklerin başka çalışmalara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Analysis of the Turkish Translations of Maupassant’s work titled “Le Bonheur” in Terms of Translation Strategies and Operations under the Title of Gideon Toury’s Target-Oriented Translation Theory
Authors: YALÇIN Perihan , KİLÜKEN Ayşe Duygu MAVİLİ
Published: September 2020

Çevirinin bir bilim dalı olarak kabul edilmesiyle birlikte çeviri kuramlarının da ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Böylelikle çeviri kuramları çerçevesinde çeviri incelemeleri yapılabilmektedir. Roman, şiir, tiyatro, öykü türlerinde yapılan
çeviriler yazın çevirisi içinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 19.yüzyıl Fransız edebiyatına öykü türünde damgasını vuran Guy de Maupassant’ın Le Bonheur isimli eserinin Türkçeye yapılmış üç farklı çevirisinin Gideon Toury’nin
Erek Odaklı Çeviri Kuramı çerçevesinde çeviri stratejilerini dikkate alarak çözümlemesini yapmaktır. Ele aldığımız çeviri metinlerin Erek Odaklı çeviri kuramının “kabul edilebilirlik” kutbuna mı yoksa “yeterlilik” kutbuna mı uygun
olduğu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmamız sonucunda üç farklı çevirmenin genellikle değiştirme, ekleme, çıkarma, ödünçleme, yerlileştirme stratejileri, çıkarım, genelleştirme, açımlama stratejilerine başvurduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Ç2’i kaynak metne bağlılığından dolayı “yeterli çeviri” olarak; Ç1 ve Ç3’ü ise hedef dil ve kültüre uygunluğundan dolayı “kabul edilebilir çeviri” olarak nitelendirebiliriz. Çalışmamızla kısa öykü türünde yapılan çeviri çözümlemelerine
katkıda bulunmayı, Toury’nin çeviri kuramındaki çeviri normlarına ve çevirmenin çeviri sürecindeki normlarına dikkat çekmeyi ayrıca kuramsal çeviri alanına katkı yapmayı amaçlamaktayız.
Examination of Emotional Intelligence Properties of Pre-Service Turkish Course Teachers in Terms of Reading Routines
Authors: IŞIKSALAN S. Nilay
Published: September 2020

Zekâ, genel olarak doğuştan getirilen, kalıtımsal özellikler taşıyan çok yönlü bir yeti, kapasite, bir potansiyel güç olarak tanımlanabilir. Duygusal zekâ kavramı, önceleri, okul öncesinde yaş grubundaki çocukların duygusal zekâ becerilerini
geliştirmek amacıyla oyuncak kutuları, çizgi film tasarımlarında kullanılmış, ilerleyen süreç içerisinde üniversite de dâhil olmak üzere eğitimin çeşitli basamaklarında uygulanmış, öğretim programlarında yer almıştır. Bu çalışmanın
amacı, Türkçe öğretmen adaylarının duygusal zekâ düzeyleri ile okuma alışkanlıkları arasındaki ilişkinin ne düzeyde olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda, öğretmen adaylarının cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, kitap okuma alışkanlığı, anne
ve babanın eğitim durumu ve akademik başarıları ile duygusal zekâ arasındaki ilişkileri incelenmiştir. İlişkisel tarama modelinde yürütülen çalışma, 2017-2018 öğretim yılında Orta Anadolu’da bir üniversitenin eğitim fakültesinde
öğrenim gören öğrenciler arasından yansız atama yoluyla seçilen 141’i kız, 56’sı erkek olmak üzere 197 öğretmen adayından elde edilen verilerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, öğretmen adaylarının duygusal zekâ özelliklerinin
cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, anne-babanın eğitim durumu ve kitap okuma alışkanlığına göre farklılık göstermediği, akademik başarıları bakımından ise fark oluşturduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Cinsiyet bakımından kız öğrencilerin duygusal
zekâ ortalamalarının erkeklerden daha yüksek olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Duygusal zekâ yönünden kişiliği gelişmiş bireyler yetiştirebilmek için, kişilerin aile ve çevresiyle olumlu ilişkiler kurabilmeleri sağlanmalı, onlara, beden dilini
başarılı biçimde kullanabilme becerileri kazandırılmalı ve başkalarıyla empatik ilişkiler içine girebilecekleri ortamlar yaratılmalıdır.
Study of efficacy of combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron versus ondansetron alone using SAMBA guidelines for postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Authors: Munir Ali Arslan , Zareen Abeera , Rana Sumbal
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Comparing the effectiveness of combining ondansetron and dexamethasone vs ondansetron unaided in amounts suggested by SAMBA strategies for stoppage of post-operative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. Study Design: Randomized Control trial. Setting: Department of Anaesthesia, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: Six months (April 2015–October 2015). Material & Methods: A sum of 160 patients were experimented by taking 80 in every group. Group A: of ondansetron. Group B: ondansetron plus dexamethasone. Significance level: 5% Test power: 80% Proportion of the projected population A is 72%1. Foreseen population percentage B is 88%1. Besides successive non-probability specimen system was taken for sample gathering. Patients who were selected were American society of anesthesiologists 1 & 2 while ones with struggle in communiqué e.g. psychologic issues, memory loss, loss of speech etc, pregnant and menstruating ladies3, known of PONV, motion disease, ear problems and vertigo, on long term steroid use3, anguished from diabetes mellitus, hiatal hernia were excluded. The frequency of side effects were duly scribed down and doses of drugs wrote down. Rescue anti vomiting was secondhand for ones of PONV. Results: We deduced that mixture of ondansetron & dexamethasone was effectual in averting post-operative nausea & vomiting equated to Ondansetron unaided. Conclusion: There is variance in incidence of PONV in mutual clusters with combination remedy of ondansetron plus dexamethasone being safer as equated to Ondansetron unaided.
“That Was Our Candy!”: Sweet Foods in Indigenous Peoples' Traditional Diets in Northwestern North America
Authors: Turner Nancy J.
Published: September 2020

At least 50 different plant foods in Indigenous Peoples' traditional diets in northwestern North America—including berries, root vegetables, greens, and tree sap and inner bark—are known for their sweet taste. Some were, and are, appreciated as confections themselves and others were used to sweeten foods and medicinal preparations. These sweet foods were remembered fondly by many elders from childhood times. However, many of these original sweet foods are no longer widely consumed, having been largely replaced by imported molasses, brown sugar, white sugar, syrup, and honey, which were readily incorporated into Indigenous Peoples' food systems following their introduction by Europeans in the past couple of centuries. This shift in use of sweeteners—as well as the adoption of wheat flour, and other introduced and refined carbohydrate foods—has had both positive and negative implications for First Nations' health and well-being. Today, Indigenous cultural revitalization movements in northwestern North America are drawing on the elders' knowledge and memories of their healthy, time-honored foods to recreate and celebrate ancestral dishes, especially those fondl remembered for their sweetness
Persistence of the Salty-SweetNipahSugar in the Popular Foodways of Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Merlin Franco F. , Bakar Nurzahidah
Published: September 2020

Brunei Darussalam is a country with a high consumption of cane sugar. White cane sugar owes its popularity to its ability to colonize our tastes. Despite the popularity of white cane sugar, food and drinks sweetened with gula anau, a sweetener obtained from the mangrove palm nipah ( Nypa fruticans) are also prevalent in the popular Bruneian foodways. Gula anau is widely used in the Bruneian foodways to prepare traditional snacks, collectively known as kuih, and drinks. We explore the reasons for the continued co-existence of gula anau along with cane sugar in Bruneian foodways. Applying practice theory, we hypothesize that the practice of using gula anau in the popular Bruneian cuisine stems from the unique meanings and taste attributes attached by the tappers, cooks ( kuih makers), and consumers. We conducted interviews with four tappers, five kuih makers, and five consumers to collect data. The results show that although gula anau is not produced within Brunei Darussalam anymore due to socio-economic changes, its production in the neighboring Malaysian state of Sarawak has ensured a continuous supply. The tappers and kuih makers appreciate the unique taste of gula anau in specific ways. However, the consumers are losing the ability to appreciate the unique taste. For the tappers, gula anau is still a famine food, true to its origins. For the kuih makers and the consumers, however, the meanings have reconfigured and gula anau is now a symbol of tradition and cultural heritage. These notions of tradition and cultural heritage explain the persistence of gula anau in the popular foodways of Brunei Darussalam.
Analisis Penyelesaian Sengketa Pemilihan Kepala Desa di Indonesia
Authors: Satria Adhi Putra
Published: September 2020

This study aims to provide knowledge about how to resolve village head election disputes in Indonesia after the issuance of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. This research is qualitative research with a normative juridical approach. This research will focus on the discussion of how to resolve election disputes for Village Heads in Indonesia after the issuance of Law No. 6 of 2014, and how problems arise due to the settlement of disputes over the results of the Village Head election after the issuance of Law No. 6 of 2014. The results show that Law No. 6/2014 has mandated that the settlement of Village Head election disputes that are settled by the Regent / Mayor is no later than 30 days after the determination of the Village Head candidate elected by the Village Head election committee, however in its implementation there are still problems, these problems can be seen from not regulating changes and settling disputes over the results of the Village Head election. In addition, the problem with the authority given to the Regent / Mayor to resolve disputes over the results of the Village Head election is when the Regent / Mayor is a state institution that has the power of the state in the executive, not the judiciary, the Regent / Mayor is also a product of political parties, so that the authority is given It is feared that the authority to implement disputes over the results of the Village Head election will not be objective. The conclusion of this research is to form a special judicial institution for disputes over the results of village head elections.Keywords: Labor Social Security, Parking Attendants, Department of Transportation
Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Prestasi Peserta Didik
Authors: Damopolii Regita , Erwinsyah Alfian
Published: September 2020

Gaya kepemimpinan merupakan norma perilaku yang di gunakan oleh seseorang pada saat orang tersebut mencoba mempengaruhi perilaku orang lain. Gaya kepemimpinan adalah suatu pola perilaku yang konsisten yang di tunjukkan oleh pemimpin dan di ketahui pihak lain. Ketika pemimpin berusaha mempengaruhi kegiatan-kegiatan orang lain. Gaya kepemimpinan juga merupakan pola tingkah laku seorang pemimpin dalam proses mengarahkan dan mempengaruhi guru dan siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional  kepala sekolah terhadap prestasi peserta didik di SMA N 1 Pinolosian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA N 1 Pinolosian.

Hasil Penelitian membuktikan bahwa variabel X (gaya kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah) berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel Y (prestasi peserta didik) di SMA N 1 Pinolosian, dengan perbandingan Thitung> Ttabel =  6.391 > 0.297 dan melalui analisis regresi sederhana pada tabel R Square, diketahui Pengaruh variabel X (gaya kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah) terhadap variabel Y (prestasi peserta didik) di SMA N 1 Pinolosian sebesar 49.3% yang berarti terdapat 50.7% prestasi peserta didik dipengaruhi oleh faktor yang lain.
Sistem Manajemen Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Dipengaruhi oleh Politik
Authors: Sudiarti Sri , US Kasful Anwar , Saleh Ahmad Syukri
Published: September 2020

Respons negara terhadap kebutuhan umat Islam dengan memasukkan lembaga pendidikan Islam baik pada tingkat madrasah sampai pada tingkat pendidikan tinggi Islam sebagai pendidikan yang sama dengan sekolah umum dan pendidikan tinggi umum dalam sistem pendidikan nasional merupakan upaya pemerintah dalam memajukan pendidikan umat Islam di Indonesia. Perlu disadari bahwa kebijakan yang diambil terhadap pendidikan seharusnya tidak di intervensi oleh politik dan tekanan pihak manapun. Sehingga kebijakan tersebut dapat menghasilkan sebuah aturan yang berorientasi pada tujuan pendidikan serta melahirkan generasi yang baik.
Efektivitas Manajemen Boarding School Dalam Peningkatan disiplin Taruna Berbasis Semi Militer SMA Terpadu Wira Bhakti Gorontalo
Authors: Hidayatullah Rahmat , T. Pido Siti Asiah , Yasin Zohra
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana manajemen boarding school di SMA Terpadu Wira Bhakti Gorontalo, bagaimana peningkatan disiplin taruna berbasis semi militer di SMA Terpadu Wira Bhakti Gorontalo, bagaimana faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam peningkatan disiplin taruna di SMA Terpadu Wira Bhakti Gorontalo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menerangkan bahwa (1) manajemen boarding school  di SMA Terpadu Wira Bhakti Gorontalo terbagi kedalam empat tahapan yaitu: Perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan/ evaluasi. (2) Kedisiplinan siswa di SMA Terpadu Wira Bhakti Gorontalo sudah cukup baik namun masih tetap perlu diadakan upaya peningkatan karena berbagai pelanggaran tata tertib siswa masih ada walaupun hanya merupakan pelanggaran kecil. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa di SMA Terpadu Wira Bhakti Gorontalo adalah upaya yang bersifat preventif dan kuratif. (3) Faktor pendukung dalam peningkatan disiplin yaitu dengan adanya ketegasan dan keteladanan sikap guru dalam menjalankan tata tertib sekolah dan peran serta guru BK sangat membantu siswa untuk mengembangkan pola perilaku yang baik dalam dirinya. sedangkan faktor penghambat dalam peningkatan disiplin yaitu adaptasi dari para siswa dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan sekolah berasrama, sehingga terus menerus diadakan pembinaan terhadap para siswa.
Evolution and egalitarianism: A behavioral account of managers' performance pay decisions
Authors: Marvel John D.
Published: September 2020

I advance a behavioral account of managers’ performance pay decisions that is grounded in evolutionary psychology. In doing so, I seek to explain a common organizational phenomenon — compression in employees’ merit pay bonuses. My behavioral account puts forward two propositions. First, that compression in awards is a consequence of a fundamental human proclivity for egalitarianism. Second, that individual managers will differ in their preferences for egalitarianism: In any given organizational context, some managers will tend to be more egalitarian than other managers. Consistent with these propositions, I observe two clear patterns in how federal managers distribute performance pay awards to the group members they supervise.  The first is a marked tendency for managers to give all group members awards of the same or similar size. The second is a considerable amount of between-manager variation in this tendency that cannot be explained by relevant group-level variables, such as group size and occupational diversity. To the extent feasible given my data, I probe whether my behavioral account does a better job explaining these patterns than plausible alternative explanations that are based in economics. One key implication of my theory and findings is that organizations cannot count on managers to aggressively differentiate between individual employees when they distribute performance pay awards. A second key implication is that organizations cannot rely on their managers to uniformly implement a given performance pay plan.
Gender and Presence of Children: Examining Media Uses, Informational Needs, and Source Preferences during the Flint, Michigan Water Crisis
Authors: Day Ashleigh , O'Shay-Wallace Sydney , Seeger Matthew , McElmurry Shawn
Published: September 2020

In 2014, a water crisis emerged in Flint, Michigan. Using uses and gratifications theory as the guiding framework, this study examines if crisis-related media uses, informational needs, and source preferences are related to respondents’ gender and/or whether or not respondents had children. A random sample of 208 Flint residents yielded results that are largely consistent with extant research, although minor nuances were found. Media uses, preferred informational sources, and desire to receive future crisis-related health information varied between women and men. Women reported significantly higher use of Facebook and Instagram. However, there were not significant differences between genders or respondents with/without children regarding their future informational needs about crisis-related health topics. Results are discussed in relation to extant research, theory, and praxis. Limitations and future research are also discussed.
OOAD-BASED MONITORING INFORMATION SYSTEM IN SOFTWARE PRODUCTION MAKING IN PT. XYZ
Authors: Shedriko Shedriko , Husein Ismail
Published: September 2020

Abstract PT. XYZ is a company engaged in making software that involves both the owner and employees in their activities. This privately-owned company operation includes the functions of project managing, system analysis to programming with work ranging from receiving proposals, collecting user requirements documents, design, user acceptance tests to deployment. The overall function of the work requires centralized overall monitoring where inputting can be done by many people while the management can be carried out by certain personnel only. The research methodology used is descriptive based on object-oriented analysis and design. The results of this study are the design of information systems based on object-oriented analysis and design that are ready to use in their implementation into the program code. The results are expected to be used by PT. XYZ and other companies engaged in similar services in monitoring projects that are in progress
Application of Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) on Quadratic Knapsack 0-1 Problem
Authors: Husein Ismail , Rizki Abduh , Pradjaningsih Agustina
Published: September 2020

Quadratic Knapsack Problem is a variation of the knapsack problem that aims to maximize an objective function. The objective function in this case is quadratic. While the constraints used are binary and linear capacity constraints. The Whale Optimization Algorithm is a metaheuristic algorithm that can solve this problem. Therefore, this paper aims to find out the best solution to solve the Knapsack 0-1 Quadratic Problem using the Whale Optimization Algorithm so that its effectiveness and efficiency are known. Based on the research has been done, the algorithm is said to be effective because, from each experiment, the algorithm is always converging or towards maximum profit. Also, with the right parameters, the algorithm can achieve optimal results. It is said to be efficient because getting optimal profit does not require more time and iteration. The combination of item parameters and maximum iteration dramatically Affect the total value of profit and its running time. However, the addition of item parameter combinations is faster to achieve optimal than the maximum iteration parameter.
Wildlife disturbances as a source of conspecific negative density dependent mortality in tropical trees
Authors: Luskin Matthew , Ickes Kalan , Davies Stuart , Johnson Daniel , Leong Yao Tze
Published: September 2020

Large vertebrates are rarely considered important drivers of conspecific negative density-dependent mortality (CNDD) in plants because they are generalist consumers. However, disturbances like trampling also cause plant mortality, and their impact on plant diversity depends on the spatial overlap between wildlife habitat preferences and plant species composition. We studied the impact of native wildlife on a hyperdiverse tree community in Malaysia where pigs (Sus scrofa) are abnormally abundant due to food subsidies in nearby farmland. Pigs construct birthing nests using hundreds of tree saplings, which accounted for at least 18% of tree sapling mortality at our site. We tagged 34,950 tree saplings in 25-ha plot during an initial census and assessed the likelihood they were later killed by pig nesting disturbances in subsequent years (N = 1,672 pig-induced deaths). At the stand scale, pigs nested in flat dry habitats, and at the local neighborhood scale, they nested within clumps of saplings, both of which are intuitive for safe and efficient building. At the stand scale, flat dry habitats contained higher sapling densities and higher proportions of common species, so pig nesting increased the weighted average species evenness across habitats. At the neighbourhood scale, pig-induced sapling mortality was associated with higher heterospecific and especially conspecific sapling densities. Tree species have clumped distributions due to dispersal limitation and habitat filtering, so pig disturbances in sapling clumps indirectly caused CNDD. As a result, Pielou species evenness in 400-m2 quadrats increased 105% more in areas with pig-induced deaths than areas without disturbances. Wildlife induced CNDD and this supported tree species evenness but they also drove a 62% decline in sapling densities, which is unsustainable. We suspect pig nesting is an important feature shaping tree composition throughout the region.
Reply to Ravignani and Kotz: Physical impulses from upper-limb movements impact the respiratory-vocal system
Authors: Pouw Wim , Paxton Alexandra , Harrison Steven A. , Dixon James A.
Published: September 2020

Reply to Ravignani and Kotz: Physical impulses from upper-limb movements impact the respiratory-vocal system
The Role of Phonology in Iconicity Effects: Evidence from Individual Differences
Authors: Cnudde Kelsey , Sidhu David , Pexman Penny M.
Published: September 2020

Growing evidence suggests that, along with arbitrariness, non-arbitrariness exists in language. An example of this is iconicity, in which a word’s form resembles its meaning. We investigated whether phonological processing plays a key role in the facilitated processing of iconic language (i.e., in some studies the meanings of iconic words are retrieved more quickly and more accurately). First, we reanalyzed the phonological lexical decision task (PLDT) data from Experiment 2 in Sidhu, Vigliocco, and Pexman (2020), and used accuracy on pseudohomophone trials to gauge extent of phonological processing. Participants with greater pseudohomophone accuracy were found to show larger iconic facilitation. We further tested this relationship with a new PLDT experiment, and collected imitativeness ratings for 522 words in order to manipulate the imitativeness of the iconic stimuli used. We found again that individual differences in phonological processing interacted with iconic facilitation. Further, these effects were found only for imitative iconic words (i.e., onomatopoeia and ideophones), suggesting that direct imitativeness is important to iconic facilitation. These findings suggest phonology plays a key role in iconic facilitation, and that the extent to which an individual engages in phonological processing may affect the strength of observed iconicity effects.
Implicit and explicit learning of socio-emotional information in a dynamic system control task
Authors: Costea Andrei , Jurchiș Răzvan , Cleeremans Axel , Visu-Petra Laura , Opre Adrian , Norman Elisabeth
Published: September 2020

Implicit learning (IL) deals with the non-conscious acquisition of structural regularities from the environment. IL is often deemed essential for acquiring regularities followed by social stimuli (e.g., other persons’ behavior), hence is hypothesized to play a role in typical social functioning. However, our understanding of how this process might operate in social contexts is limited for two main reasons. First, while IL is highly sensitive to the characteristics of the surface stimuli upon which it operates, most IL studies have used surface stimuli with limited social validity (e.g., letters, symbols, etc). Second, while the social environment is dynamic (i.e., our behaviors and reactions influence those of our social partners and vice-versa), the bulk of IL research employed noninteractive paradigms. Using a novel task, we examine whether IL is involved in the acquisition of regularities from a dynamic interaction with a realistic real-life-like agent. Participants (N = 115) interacted with a cinematic avatar that displayed different facial expressions. Their task was to regulate the avatar’s expression to a speciﬁed level. Unbeknownst to them, an equation mediated the relationship between their responses and the avatar’s expressions. Learning occurred in the task, as participants gradually increased their ability to bring the avatar in the target state. Subjective measures of awareness revealed that participants acquired both implicit and explicit knowledge from the task. This is the first study to show that IL operates in interactive situations upon socially relevant surface stimuli, facilitating future investigations of the role that IL plays in (a)typical social functioning.
Clival canal Angle and Basal Angle in Nepalese Population- A Computed Tomography Based Study
Authors: Rajbanshi Jagat Narayan , Chaudhary Archana , Nepal Pankaj Raj , Thapa Dinesh Kumar , Yadav Navin Kumar
Published: September 2020

Background: Clival canal angle is an angle formed by the clivus and the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine and Welcher basal angle formed between the line joining the nasion to tuberculumSella and the line joining the tuberculum sellae to basion along the plane of clivus. With the aim to review the normal distribution of clival canal angle and basal angle in the Nepalese population this study was performed.

Methods and materials: This is a cross-sectional analytical study with non- probability consecutive sampling technique done over the duration of 3 months. A reconstructed image of a bone window in the midsagittal plane was selected and measurement of the angles was done in CT console.

Results: There was a total of 60 patients in this study with male predominance (figure 3). The mean age of the population was 49.8 (SD 18.8) years. The clival canal angle reference range was 130.8 to 168.8 degrees with a mean 149.8(SD 9.5) degree. Similarly, the reference range of Welcher basal angle in the study population was 115.49 to 140.29 degree with a mean of 127.89(SD: 6.4) degrees.

Conclusion: The mean clival canal angle in the Nepalese population is 149.8 (SD: 9.5) degrees and the mean basal angle is 127.89(SD: 6.4) degree.
Reprodukcja klas posiadających a przekształcenia rynku
Authors: Trembaczowski Łukasz
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of succession in family business in the perspective of class positions’ reproduction. The analysis of succession is carried out with reference to Pierre Bourdieu’s theory, particularly in relation to reconstruction entrepreneurs’ class position withingradationally-relational model of social structure, description of economic field transformation and role played by entrepreneurs in that process, analysis of modal trajectories of entering the economic field and to strategies and forms of capitals reconversion. Transfer of capitals was entangled within model of transmission of knowledge, power and ownership in family enterprises. Succession next to starting own enterprise must be seen as one of dominant strategies for social position reproduction within a possessing class fraction. Those two ideal-type strategies can be mixed in practice of position reproduction and lead to hybridized forms of family business and new enterprise. Class position  reproduction however, can lead also outside possessing class fraction to those richer in cultural rather than economic capital. Analysis of succession cannot therefore be limited to family business only but must be considered with reference to wider context of reproduction of social structure.
Wyzwania definicyjne start-upów
Authors: Andrejczuk Magdalena
Published: September 2020

In recent years, with the development of entrepreneurship, a new concept has been coined — a start-up (or a startup). Because of the lack one common definition thereof, some questions emerge: Is any newly established company a start-up, or does this term refer only to companies fromthe branch/market sector of new technologies, or maybe there are other decisive requirements? The significance of this issue follows research and analysis of the entities are undertaken and also in the face of work on Prosta Spółka Akcyjna (a new legalform for economic entities of the discussed kind). The aim of the article is to present various ways of defining start-ups present in the subject literature, but also in various initiatives and activities organized in the start-up community. On this basis, an attempt is made to determine the boundary conditions of the concept of start-up and to characterize it
Kształtowanie postawy przedsiębiorczej wśród wychowanków z rodzin zastępczych w kontekście zasady subsydiarności
Authors: Słowik Klaudia
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the issue of developing the entrepreneurial attitude among children placed in foster care. The subject is discussed in the context of the principle of subsidiarity, especially in the social aspect. Initially, the author presents the characteristics of family and institutionalfoster care. Then, she describes the essence of the subsidiarity principle in social terms. What follows is an outline of the problem of entrepreneurial attitudes among young people. Next, the author proceeds to her own research within the discussed scope. The process of a foster child’s entry into an adult life is an extremely difficult stage in his or her life, and it is also a challenge for the custodians/foster parents. Therefore, preparing for independence by developing the entrepreneurial attitude among young people is necessarily a longitudinal process.
THE ROLE OF INSTRUMENTAL MOTIVATION AMONG EFL STUDENTS IN LANGUAGE LEARNING PROCESS
Authors: Aspuri Nanda , Samad Iskandar Abdul , Fitriani Siti Sarah , Abdul Samad Nanda Marlina
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to find out the role of instrumental motivation in the English learning process of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. Motivation can be described as a process to influence someone or many people to do the desired work, in accordance with certain goals set in advance.  For EFL student, motivation was required to achieve success in the process of learning English. Based on the previous study, kind of motivation, called Instrumental motivation, has an important role in English learning process. The participants of the study were 10 EFL students; 5 students were from post-graduate program of English Department of Syiah Kuala University and 5 students were from undergraduate program of English Department of UIN Ar-Raniry. This qualitative study applied interview to gather data. The result of the study revealed that the participants have a strong instrumental motivation involved in their English learning process. Considering the results of this study, everyone, whether parents and teachers need to motivate their children and their EFL students by motivating them instrumentally in the process of learning and teaching English.