bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A uterine fibroid presenting as an incarcerated epigastric hernia: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Atri Souhaib , Hammami Mahdi , Ben Brahim Meriem , Maghrebi Houcine , Kacem Montassar
Published: August 2023

Background

Uterine fibroids incarcerated in abdominal wall hernias during pregnancy are rare, with only six cases reported in umbilical hernias. This case report presents the first reported case of an incarcerated uterine fibroid in an epigastric hernia.

Case presentation

A 31-year-old primigravid Caucasian woman at 28 weeks gestational age presented with sudden onset abdominal pain and vomiting. Physical examination revealed an incarcerated epigastric hernia containing a non-reducible firm mass. Ultrasound showed a healthy fetus, and during surgery, a subserosal and sessile fibroid originating from the anterior uterine wall was found in the hernia sac. It was easily reduced, and the hernia was repaired with no complications. The patient proceeded to deliver a healthy baby boy by cesarean section at full term.

Conclusion

Uterine fibroids incarcerated in abdominal wall hernias during pregnancy are rare and affect mostly primigravid women in the third trimester. Abdominal ultrasound may facilitate the diagnosis, and pedunculated fibroids may be resected while sessile fibroids should be simply reduced. Clinicians should consider incarcerated fibroid as a differential diagnosis in pregnant women with irreducible ventral abdominal wall hernias. This case report aims to contribute to the literature and optimize the management of abdominal wall hernias in pregnant women.
l-Arginine, as an essential amino acid, is a potential substitute for treating COPD via regulation of ROS/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Ma Chunhua , Liao Kexi , Wang Jing , Li Tao , Liu Liangming
Published: August 2023

Backgrounds

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent and common disease in clinical respiratory medicine and its mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to find the new biomarkers of COPD and elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Analysis of metabolites in plasma of COPD patients were performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF–MS). The differential metabolites were analyzed and identified by multivariate analysis between COPD patients and healthy people. The role and mechanisms of the differential biomarkers in COPD were verified with COPD rats, arginosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS-l) KO mice and bronchial epithelial cells (BECs). Meanwhile, whether the differential biomarkers can be the potential treatment targets for COPD was also investigated. 85 differentials metabolites were identified between COPD patients and healthy people by metabonomic.

Results

l-Arginine (LA) was the most obvious differential metabolite among the 85 metabolites. Compare with healthy people, the level of LA was markedly decreased in serum of COPD patients. It was found that LA had protective effects on COPD with in vivo and in vitro experiments. Silencing Ass-1, which regulates LA metabolism, and α-methy-dl-aspartic (NHLA), an Ass-1 inhibitor, canceled the protective effect of LA on COPD. The mechanism of LA in COPD was related to the inhibition of ROS/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway. It was also found that exogenous LA significantly improved COPD via regulation of ROS/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway. l-Arginine (LA) as a key metabolic marker is identified in COPD patients and has a protective effect on COPD via regulation of ROS/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Conclusion

LA may be a novel target for the treatment of COPD and also a potential substitute for treating COPD.
Aftershock study of the 2019 Ambon earthquake using moment tensor inversion: identification of fault reactivation in northern Banda, Indonesia
Authors: Baskara Aria W. , Sahara David P. , Nugraha Andri D. , Rusdin Andi Azhar , Zulfakriza Z. , Widiyantoro Sri , Triyoso Wahyu , Priyono Awali , Puspito Nanang T. , Shiddiqi Hasbi Ash , Kusumawati Dian , Rudyawan Alfend , Elly Erfin
Published: August 2023

On September 26, 2019, an Mw 6.5 earthquake occurred 23 km northeast of Ambon City, Indonesia, followed by numerous aftershock series related to a complex fault network reactivation in the Ambon and Seram region. Using moment tensor inversion, we identify the kinematics of fault reactivation based on the focal mechanism solution of 20 aftershocks with Mw > 3.2 and analyze the earthquake sequence from both focal mechanism solutions and spatiotemporal seismicity. The MTs solution of aftershocks revealed three different characteristics of fault reactivation: (i) a 35 km long N-S oriented main fault characterized by dextral strike-slip (ii) a NE-SW reverse fault segment with a ~ 55° northeastward dip located in southwest Seram, and (iii) two strike-slip segments (NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW trends) and an E-W normal fault in Ambon Island. Analysis of spatiotemporal seismicity with the MTs solution suggests that the Mw 6.5 Ambon aftershock sequences can be described as follows: (i) an Mw 6.5 mainshock rupture that was primarily made up of a major strike-slip component and an insignificant minor normal fault; (ii) first aftershock cluster propagate along the main N-S ruptures, followed by the strike-slip and normal cluster in Ambon Island (iii) The reverse fault events cluster appeared next in Southwest Seram. The presence of complex strike-slip segments in Ambon agrees with the regional structure trends in Halmahera, located in the north of the study area, while the E-W oriented normal fault might be related to the eastward velocity increase in Banda Arc, which causes extensional deformation. Given that the fault reactivation identified in Ambon and Seram is located close to the densely populated urban regions of Ambon City and Kairatu, the analysis of future seismic hazards related to this fault reactivation should consider the risks in a region with complex fault settings.

Graphical Abstract
The Japa syndrome and the migration of Nigerians to the United Kingdom: an empirical analysis
Authors: Okunade Samuel Kehinde , Awosusi Oladotun E.
Published: August 2023

Since the early years of independence, Africa has witnessed varying degrees of migration-regular and irregular. Scholarships in African regional studies have mainly attributed this phenomenon to factors such as high poverty levels, rising unemployment, and the deplorable economies of most African countries, Nigeria inclusive. However, the post-Covid-19 trend of out-migration of Nigerians to the UK, known as japa to the United Kingdom (UK) and other parts of the world, is concerning with multifaced implications. The study investigates the endogamous and exogamous variables responsible for this Japa syndrome in Nigeria. It contends that beyond the unfavourable economic climate and the lingering security issues among other internal vices in Nigeria, the current trend of out-migration bears a connection with the neo-liberal structure of the UK and the emerging global trend. The study argues further that the mad rush out-migration portends hydra-headed implications for the two countries and Africa at large. The study adopts a qualitative research design, including the utilisation of primary and secondary data. It draws primary data through pre-set standard e-interviews with thirty-six (36) Nigerian University students from seventeen (17) universities in the UK. The thematic analytic framework is applied to this data, with the product being an essay defined by seven sections.
Integrating simulation into surgical training: a qualitative case study of a national programme
Authors: Shah Adarsh P. , Cleland Jennifer , Hawick Lorraine , Walker Kim A. , Walker Kenneth G.
Published: August 2023

Background

Applying simulation-based education (SBE) into surgical curricula is challenging and exacerbated by the absence of guidance on implementation processes. Empirical studies evaluating implementation of SBE interventions focus primarily on outcomes. However, understanding the processes involved in organising, planning, and delivering SBE adds knowledge on how best to develop, implement, and sustain surgical SBE. This study used a reform of early years surgical training to explore the implementation of a new SBE programme in Scotland. It aimed to understand the processes that are involved in the relative success (or failure) when implementing surgical SBE interventions.

Methods

This qualitative case study, underpinned by social constructionism, used publicly available documents and the relevant surgical SBE literature to inform the research focus and contextualise data obtained from semi-structured interviews with core surgical trainees (n = 46), consultant surgeons (n = 25), and key leaders with roles in surgical training governance in Scotland (n = 7). Initial data coding and analysis were inductive. Secondary data analysis was then undertaken using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT). NPTs’ four constructs (coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, reflexive monitoring) provided an explanatory framework for scrutinising how interventions are implemented, embedded, and integrated into practice, i.e. the “normalisation” process.

Results

Distributed leadership (individual SBE initiatives assigned to faculty but overall programme overseen by a single leader) and the quality improvement practise of iterative refinement were identified as key novel processes promoting successful normalisation of the new SBE programme. Other processes widely described in the literature were also identified: stakeholder collaboration, personal contacts/relational processes, effective communication, faculty development, effective leadership, and tight programme management. The study also identified that learners valued SBE activities in group- or team-based social environments over isolated deliberate practice.

Conclusions

SBE is most effective when designed as a comprehensive programme aligned to the curriculum. Programmes incorporating both group-based and isolated SBE activities promote deliberate practice. Distributed leadership amongst faculty attracts wide engagement integral to SBE programme implementation, while iterative programme refinement through regular evaluation and action on feedback encourages integration into practice. The knowledge contributed by critically analysing SBE programme implementation processes can support development of much needed guidance in this area.
New Resinogalea species from Araucaria araucana resin in Chile and reclassification of the genus in the Cryptocaliciomycetidae
Authors: Balocchi Felipe , Barnes Irene , Wingfield Michael J. , Ahumada Rodrigo , Visagie Cobus M.
Published: August 2023

Araucaria araucana is an ancient conifer, native to the mountain ranges in Chile and Argentina. These trees host a large number of organisms, mainly insects, strongly or even exclusively associated with them. The recent emergence of a novel canker disease on A. araucana has emphasised the importance of fungi associated with these iconic trees and has resulted in the discovery of various new species. In this study, we considered the identity of an unknown calicioid fungus consistently found on resin on the branches of A. araucana. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses placed isolates in the recently described sub-class Cryptocaliciomycetidae, closest to Cryptocalicium blascoi. However, the morphology of the ascomata and its occurrence in a unique niche suggested that the closest relative could be Resinogalea humboldtensis (Bruceomycetaceae, incertae sedis), a fungus with similar sporing structures found on resin of Araucaria humboldtensis in New Caledonia. There are no living cultures or sequence data available for either R. humboldtensis or its supposed closest relative, Bruceomyces castoris, precluding sequence-based comparisons. Morphological comparisons of the sporing structures on A. araucana confirmed that the ascomatal morphology of our unknown calicioid fungus and R. humboldtensis are almost identical and resemble each other more so than B. castoris or Cr. blascoi. A phylogenetic analysis based on the small subunit (SSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA regions resolved our strains into two clades with Cr. blascoi as its closest relative. Further analyses applying the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) based on ITS, mini chromosome maintenance protein complex (MCM7), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) gene regions, confirmed that strains represent two new species. Based on our morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses, we introduce two new Resinogalea species, R. araucana and R. tapulicola, and reclassify the genus in the subclass Cryptocaliciomycetidae.
Contrast-enhanced CT evaluation of intra-abdominal vessels in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Badeeb Arwa
Published: August 2023

Background

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary hematological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Abdominal crisis can result in significant morbidity and mortality if bowel infarction is present. Vaso-occlusive crisis is the most common pathological process accounting for morbidities. However, another mechanism was recently proposed for the arteriovascular changes associated with SCA. The terminology “sickle cell vasculopathy” was raised. Unlike the intra-cranial arterial vascular abnormalities associated with SCA (frequently reported findings of Moyamoya syndrome), there is scarce radiology literature describing the intra-abdominal vascular changes during or outside a crisis in SCA. Contrast-enhanced CT is a frequently used modality to assess abdominal vasculature and end-organ damage in acute abdominal crisis. Knowledge of the morphology of intra-abdominal vessels, especially the arteries may explain the underlying mechanism of abdominal crisis and potentially alter the management. The study aims to evaluate the structure of the intra-abdominal vasculature in SCA patients using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of SCA patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis between 2003 and 2020 irrespective of abdominal crisis status. The CT studies were reviewed for the presence of vascular abnormalities, ischemic bowel changes, or other end-organ ischemic changes.

Results

Out of 509 patients, only 78 met the inclusion criteria. Two patients showed diffuse small caliber of the intra-abdominal arteries in the setting of abdominal crisis with end-organ ischemia but no bowel changes. None of the CT studies showed arteriovascular manifestations like advanced intra-cranial vasculopathy in SCA (Moyamoya syndrome-like changes) and none had vasculitis-like abnormalities. None of the patients had bowel ischemia, but six patients had renal and splenic infarcts in the absence of vascular abnormalities. One patient had venous varices secondary to superior mesenteric vein thrombosis.

Conclusions

The vast majority of SCA patients demonstrate no noticeable arteriovascular abnormality on a contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen. Diffuse intra-abdominal vasospasm is present in a very small percentage of SCA abdominal crisis patients.
Evaluating the relation between serum apolipoprotein B (apo B), apolipoprotein A (apo A) and apo B/apo A ratio with diabetic retinopathy in a sample of type 2 Egyptian diabetic patient
Authors: Hosny Salwa Seddik , Nasr Merhan Samy , Elfattah Moataz M. W. Abd , Dayem Samar Helmy Abdel , Ibrahim Rana Hashem
Published: August 2023

Background

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic progressive, ocular disease affecting the retinal microvasculature accompanied by hyperglycaemia and different situations related to diabetes mellitus (DM) such as hypertension (HTN). Till now, the majority of researches demonstrated an insignificant correlation between lipid profile parameters and DR. Novel serum lipid markers (apolipoproteins) which are the protein portion of lipoproteins were recently linked to DR, and observed that the increased apo B and high apo B/apo A ratio accompanied by a higher possibility of proliferative DR.

Aim

To assess the relation between novel serum lipid markers and various grades of DR in a sample of type 2 Egyptian diabetic cases.

Methods

This study comprised 80 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) divided into 3 groups: T2DM cases with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (group I), T2DM cases with non-PDR (group II) and T2DM cases without DR as a control group (group III). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2hpp), haemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), cholesterol (chol), triglycerides (TG), LDL, HDL and serum apolipoprotein A and B level. Complete medical history was taken from entire cases with a special focus on the duration of HTN and diabetes and full clinical examination (including BP and BMI).

Results

There was a significant difference regarding serum apo B, apo B/apo A ratio, TG, total chol, LDL (p<0.001*), DM duration (p=0.002), HTN duration (p=0.014), SBP (p=0.006), DBP (p=0.013), BMI (p=0.050) and HbA1c (p=0.025), being higher in group I than group II than group III; also, there was a significant difference between them with regard to serum apo A (p=0.010), and HDL (p=0.047) being higher in group III than group II than group I.

On comparing group I with group II using Post hock Tukey’s test there was a significant difference regarding serum apo B (p=.023) and apo B/apo A ratio (p=.002).

There was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum apo B/apo A ratio and diabetic duration (r=0.248), HTN d (r=0.4), HbA1c (r=.47), LDL (r=0.68), triglycerides (r=0.52), cholesterol (r=0.70) and a statistically significant negative correlation between serum apo B/apo A ratio and HDL (r=0.37) in all subjects. In addition, HTN duration was demonstrated to be the most independent factor affecting B/A ratio.

Conclusion

Serum apo B and serum apo B/apo A ratio in diabetic cases are higher in the presence of retinopathy, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL, and it is also higher in proliferative than non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The current study emphasizes on the potential correlation between the high serum apo B, serum apo B/apo A ratio and the advancement of DR.
Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of submandibular gland — a rare entity
Authors: Chauhan Ishan , Garg Komal
Published: August 2023

Background

Among benign salivary gland tumors, pleomorphic adenoma is one of the most common tumor involving submandibular gland, but it is rare to encounter recurrent pleomorphic adenoma in submandibular gland after submandibular gland excision.

Case presentation

We present a case of 22-year-old female patient who presented to us with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of submandibular gland region after 10 years of removal of submandibular gland, diagnosis was established with the help of ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration cytology, and thereafter, patient was taken up for surgical excision under general anesthesia. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis.

Conclusions

This case report highlights the importance of special caution in removal of submandibular gland along with its capsule especially in pediatric population where due to small facial structures, chances of capsular breech are high, which can result in tumor seedling and future recurrence of tumor.
Fat2 polarizes Lar and Sema5c to coordinate the motility of collectively migrating epithelial cells
Authors: Williams Audrey Miller , Horne-Badovinac Sally
Published: August 2023

Migrating epithelial cells globally align their migration machinery to achieve tissue-level movement. Biochemical signaling across leading-trailing cell–cell interfaces can promote this alignment by partitioning migratory behaviors like protrusion and retraction to opposite sides of the interface. However, how signaling proteins become organized at interfaces to accomplish this is poorly understood. The follicular epithelial cells of Drosophila melanogaster have two signaling modules at their leading-trailing interfaces — one composed of the atypical cadherin Fat2 (also known as Kugelei) and the receptor tyrosine phosphatase Lar, and one composed of Semaphorin5c and its receptor Plexin A. Here, we show that these modules form one interface signaling system with Fat2 at its core. Trailing edge-enriched Fat2 concentrates both Lar and Semaphorin5c at leading edges of cells, but Lar and Semaphorin5c play little role in the localization of Fat2. Fat2 is also more stable at interfaces than Lar or Semaphorin5c. Once localized, Lar and Semaphorin5c act in parallel to promote collective migration. We propose that Fat2 serves as the organizer of this interface signaling system by coupling and polarizing the distributions of multiple effectors that work together to align the migration machinery of neighboring cells.
Exploring Aspects of Exercise Prescription
Authors: O'Neill Elizabeth
Published: August 2023

Apply It!

This article will introduce readers to the highlighted topics for the themed issue on Beyond FITT: Unique Considerations for Exercise Prescription, for the current edition of ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal®
. A brief overview of practices that may aid practitioners in enhancing the adherence of effective exercise prescriptions will be discussed.
Using Posture to Enhance Insights on Movement Performance
Authors: Polsgrove M. Jay , Pomerleau Christopher
Published: August 2023

Apply It!

By the end of this article, readers should:

• Gain an understanding of how various factors and impairments may affect a performance outcome in exercise testing.

• Understand how modifying postures for a given exercise may help adjust difficulty based on the results of a given exercise test.

• Be able to modify functional activities to provide constraints-based assessments to help identify individual impairments.
The patent landscape in the field of stem cell therapy: closing the gap between research and clinic
Authors: Hernández-Melchor Dinorah , López-Bayghen Esther , Padilla-Viveros América
Published: August 2023

Stem cell technology is a powerful tool ready to respond to the needs of modern medicine that is experiencing rapid technological development. Given its potential in therapeutic applications, intellectual property rights (IPR) as a protection resource of knowledge are a relevant topic. Patent eligibility of stem cells has been controversial as restrictions to access the fundamental technologies open a gap between research and clinic. Therefore, we depicted the current patent landscape in the field to discuss if this approach moves forward in closing this breach by examining patent activity over the last decade from a transdisciplinary perspective. Stem cell therapeutic applications is an area of continuous growth where patent filing through the PCT is the preferred strategy. Patenting activity is concentrated in the USA, European Union, and Australia; this accumulation in a few key players leads to governance, regulation, and inequality concerns. To boost wealthiness and welfare in society - stem cell therapies' ultimate goal - while at post-pandemic recovery, critical elements in the field of IPR rise to overcome current limitations: to promote bridge builders able to connect the research and business worlds, regulatory updates, novel financing models, new vehicles (startups, spinouts, and spin-offs), and alternative figures of intellectual property.
The genome sequence of a click beetle, Agrypnus murinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Sudworth Jennifer ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: August 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Agrypnus murinus (a click beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Elateridae). The genome sequence is 1,578.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 9 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 18.23 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 42,204 protein coding genes.
Future of cardiovascular diagnosis with the support of artificial intelligence
Authors: Rymarz Anna , Grabowska Ewa , Wojtala Laura , Musiał Lena , Możdżyńska Agnieszka , Kapłon Kamil , Kamińska Izabela , Kojder Dominika , Sierpień Małgorzata
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Term Artificial inteligence was used for the first time by John McCarthy in 1956, from that time we can observe its great development, espiecially in the past decade.  Nowadays, Artificial inteligence present a great influence in every aspect of human life, also health care. In times of digitalizaton, great data bases it can enable an improvment in all aspects of healthcare system such as prevention, screening and treatment of diseases.
Purpose:The main purpose of the work was to present the basic aspects related to artificial intelligence. Another important aspect of the article was to indicate the possibilities related to their use in cardiology to improve the effectiveness of doctors and make medical treatment more detailed and personalized, but also to clarify terms related do AI, such as machine learning or deep learning.
Materials and methods: For the purpose of writing this article, the available literature was reviewed. Using keywords such as artificial inteligence, cardiology, machine learning, echocardiography, deep learning, data bases PubMed we ware searching for various clinical trials, meta analysis and randomized controlled trials from past 5 years.
Results: According to the data published on the website of the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of mortality worldwide.  It is the reason of the great interest in its use in cardiology. Algorithms based on artificial intelligence are also used in electrocardiography. The use of artificial intelligence can improve the estimation of cardiovascular risk. Its use in the healing process is also being investigated. 
Conclusion: Artificial intelligence is used in many fields, including medicine. Its use may have a positive impact on the quality of medical care. Artificial intelligence also has numerous limitations. Due to this, it is necessary to develop and improve artificial intelligence.
A study of knowledge about solar radiation and sun protection among adolescents and young adults in Poland
Authors: Szabrańska Anna , Zach-Źródlak Monika , Rektor Natalia , Bronst Paulina , Rosa Lidia , Małolepsza Aleksandra , Mazur Magdalena , Kister Klaudia , Czechowska Julia , Laskowski Jakub
Published: August 2023

Introduction Solar radiation plays an important role in many biological processes of the body. It is necessary for the production of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in the human body, which plays an essential role in maintaining bone and immune system function. Excessive and inappropriate exposure, however, can lead to serious health effects, especially when it comes to the skin.Knowledge about sun protection and the effects of solar radiation among young adults plays a key role in promoting a healthy lifestyle and cancer prevention.
ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of adolescents and young adults about solar radiation and sun protection.
Materials and methodsThis study was conducted among 194 people from Poland, aged 15 to 30, consisting of adolescents and young adults. A specially developed original questionnaire was used to collect the data on knowledge about solar radiation, sun protection, and the use of creams with SPF filter.
Results The study group included 117 (60.3%) women and 77 (39,7%) men. The average age of the respondents was 22,8 ±3,83 years. Most respondents are aware of the need to use sunscreen, but the frequency of use depends mainly on the season ( 34.3% always use sunscreen, and 40.4% use it mainly in the summer). There is a group of people (16.3%) who declare that they never use sun protect cream.According to the results, only a small group of respondents (7.2%) gave correct answers to all the questions and some people (6.2%) did not answer any of the questions.
ConclusionsThe study shows the need for further efforts to increase the young people’s knowledge and awareness of sun protection and to promote healthy habits in the use of SPF sunscreen.
O REGIME JURÍDICO DOS INTERESSES DA HUMANIDADE. O NOVO JUS GENTIUM À LUZ DO PENSAMENTO DE ANTONIO AUGUSTO CANÇADO TRINDADE - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2022v81p103
Authors: Regina de Oliveira Magalhães da Silva Loureiro Claudia
Published: August 2023

A consolidação do regime jurídico dos interesses da humanidade é uma emergência da comunidade internacional para rechaçar o discurso da desumanização no contexto da humanização do Direito Internacional. Um dos maiores precursores deste regime jurídico foi o Professor Cançado Trindade que trabalhou incansavelmente para consignar o legado de que a razão da humanidade suplanta a razão do Estado. O Professor também desenvolveu a ideia de que era necessário retornar à doutrina dos fundadores do Direito Internacional para retomar a consideração do ser humano como centro das preocupações do ordenamento jurí- dico de direito internacional. Nesse contexto, como objetivo geral, o artigo analisará dois votos proferidos pelo jurista, o Voto Concordante, proferido na OC 18/03, da CTIDH e o Voto Separado, proferido no caso Gâmbia vs. Myanmar, da CIJ, destacando-se os principais institutos que permearam as ideias neles consignadas. Por sua vez, o objetivo específico do artigo é destacar como as ideias desenvolvidas pelo Professor contribuíram para a construção do regime jurídico dos interesses da humanidade. Optou-se pelo método dedutivo, com a técnica da documentação indireta e com o procedimento de análise da doutrina, da jurisprudência e da legislação, tomando-se os institutos jurídicos elencados nos dois votos como premissas para se alcançar a conclusão de que existe o regime jurídico dos interesses da hu manidade. Com isso, o trabalho defende que a humanidade é sujeito de direito internacional dos direitos humanos, vertente relevante que se justifica diante do crescente movimento da desumanização vivenciado pela comunidade internacional.
A NOSSO PAI, COM CARINHO: UMA HOMENAGEM AO PROFESSOR CANÇADO TRINDADE POR SEUS FILHOS - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2022v81p17
Authors: Drummond Cançado Trindade Adriano , Augusto Drummond Cançado Trindade Otávio , Fox Drummond Cançado Trindade Vinícius
Published: August 2023

Não poderia haver melhor forma de celebrar o legado do Professor Cançado Trindade do que examinando seu pensamento e extraindo lições a serem aprofundadas pelas “novas gerações” de juristas, como ele gostava de dizer. É especialmente bem-vinda, portanto, esta homenagem da Revista de sua alma mater, a Faculdade de Direito da UFMG. Os anos em que frequentou a Casa de Afonso Pena (1966-1971) terão sido decisivos para o despertar de sua vocação para o direito internacional e para a consolidação de sua perspectiva humanista da disciplina, para a qual tanto inovou.
O LEGADO DE CANÇADO TRINDADE PARA UM NOVO JUS GENTIUM - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2022v81p467
Authors: Guerra Sidney , Figueira Tonetto Fernanda
Published: August 2023

O pensamento de Cançado Trindade pode ser considerado um importante divisor de águas para o direito internacional do fim do século XX e início do século XXI. O direito internacional clássico, cujas origens remontam à Paz de Vestfália, foi concebido segundo a cultura dominante na Europa Ocidental e sempre teve como um de seus principais pilares os princípios da soberania e da não-intervenção. No entanto, sobretudo após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, a reorganização da sociedade internacional imprimiu-lhe mudanças importantes. A entrada em cena dos direitos humanos foi decisiva para a edificação de um novo direito internacional, que tem como marcos a criação das Nações Unidas, o nascimento do direito internacional penal e o fortalecimento dos sistemas regionais de proteção. A partir dessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar esse processo de transformação, tendo como norte alguns postulados do pensamento de Cançado Trindade, cujas teorias colaboraram para a humanização do direito internacional e do que ele próprio denominava um novo jus gentium. Para tanto, a pesquisa utiliza o método hipotético-dedutivo, na medida em que parte da premissa de que alguns ensinamentos de Cançado Trindade foram decisivos para se conceber um novo direito internacional, de natureza cosmopolita, cuja incidência se faz sentir gradativamente nos julgamentos das Cortes Internacionais.
JUSTIÇA E DIREITOS HUMANOS: A HISTÓRIA DO JURISTA ANTÔNIO AUGUSTO CANÇADO TRINDADE - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2022v81p49
Authors: Gonzaga Jayme Fernando
Published: August 2023

É motivo de gáudio homenagear o Jurista Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade. Louvável a inciativa da Casa de Afonso Pena, sob a condução do Professor Lucas Carlos Lima, de honrar sua memória e seu legado em prol da Justiça e dos Direitos Humanos.
Guillain-Barré syndrome complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Authors: Kobayashi Haruka , Hoshina Yoji , Higa Hidemasa , Watari Takashi
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome is an immune-mediated inflammatory polyneuritis characterised by rapidly progressive flaccid paralysis. Guillain-Barré syndrome may present with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in rare cases. Case description: A woman in her 60s with a history of follicular lymphoma presented with a one-week history of difficulty walking and thunderclap headaches. The patient was diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome based on neurological examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and nerve conduction findings. Further diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes was based on imaging findings and headache history. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and amlodipine, and symptoms improved. Discussion: We reviewed the literature on Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with posterior reversible encephalopathy and/or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. The underlying pathophysiology may involve dysautonomia resulting in unstable blood pressure, and hyponatraemia causing endothelial dysfunction. The SNOOP mnemonic highlights the ‘red flags’. This SNOOP mnemonic suggests the possibility of secondary headaches that require imaging studies. In this case, the patient exhibited three SNOOP symptoms: S (history of malignancy: follicular lymphoma), O (sudden-onset headache) and O (over 50 years old). Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering coexisting central neurological disorders in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Exploring specialist nurse clinic appointments: supporting a person with multiple sclerosis to manage spasticity and spasms
Authors: Jarrett Louise
Published: August 2023

Background:

Managing clinic appointments effectively and efficiently are a fundamental part of being a multiple sclerosis (MS) specialist nurse (MSSN). Opportunities to practice these skills can be limited, which can be daunting for nurses new into the speciality.

Aim:

This article explores the management of spasticity and spasms and how a MSSN can effectively use time in a clinic appointment to complete a holistic assessment and support people with MS (PwMS) to manage their spasticity and spasms.

Method:

Narrative methodology was used to synthesise insights from appointments in a specialist nurse clinic, where individuals with MS needed support to manage spasticity and spasms. The insights were constructed into a reflexive narrative and are presented in this article as one clinic appointment.

Findings:

Strategies for MSSNs to consider during their clinics and spasticity management practices are suggested. These include clinic preparation, verbal and physical assessments, measuring, timely referral to other multidisciplinary members and educating PwMS, such as educating them on the possible triggers that can exacerbate spasticity and spasms, the importance of exercise and stretching, and monitoring the effectiveness of symptomatic treatments, including drug interventions.

Conclusion:

MSSNs have a vital role in supporting PwMS to manage their spasticity and spasms throughout the disease trajectory. Developing expertise in effectively using time in clinic appointments will benefit the outcomes for PwMS, the individual nurse and the healthcare organisation.
Talking about what matters: a systematic search and review exploring barriers and facilitators for implementing outcome-focused conversations
Authors: Miller Emma , Seddon Diane , Toms Gill , Hanson Elizabeth
Published: August 2023

Unpaid carers form the backbone of health and care systems. Caregiving can be rewarding but can also diminish carer well-being. Many policies recognise that outcome-focused assessments are the foundation of effective support. In practice, carers can struggle to access these, preventing the realisation of carer-oriented policy goals. This systematic search and review explored literature concerning adult carer outcome assessment, retrieving 21 eligible studies spanning work in five countries. A narrative synthesis highlighted the skilled nature of the practice involved, alongside long-standing implementation barriers. We make evidence-based recommendations for policy implementation, with potential to improve outcomes for carers, practitioners and organisations.
Compiling The Oxford Dictionary of African American English : A Progress Report
Authors: Heinmiller Jennifer K. N.
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT: This article provides an overview of the progress on the forthcoming Oxford Dictionary of African American English (Oxford University Press), which will be an authoritative resource on the history and usage of thousands of African American English terms. The first part of the dictionary, comprising at least 1,000 senses, will be published digitally in spring 2025 in the form of a website presenting full dictionary entries and a complete bibliography, as well as allowing for the integration of multimedia features. The present article describes the aims, genesis, methodology, and future of the ODAAE and presents four sample entries.
The Juvenalian Satire of Our Mutual Friend
Authors: Judge Jennifer
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This essay argues that Dickens rejected the Victorian literary consensus that satire, especially in its extravagant Juvenalian form, was unsuited to the novel. In several prefaces, he positions satire’s magnifying aesthetic of “extreme exposition” as an ideal mode for disrupting readers’ preconceptions. In Our Mutual Friend , Dickens forcefully revives Juvenal’s rhetorical overabundance and open scorn for avarice to showcase the voracious inhumanity of capitalism. Drawing upon prevalent ideas about the power of habit, he floods the novel with examples of the near inescapability of individual and institutional bad habit in a materialistic world. A variety of addictions are shown to dominate human character and deaden empathy and will. With satirical excess, Dickens blatantly displays the apocalyptic pull of solipsism and greed in a series of ostentatious Society dinners that echo Juvenal. In opposition to his critics, Dickens felt his audience urgently needed bold truths delivered with Juvenalian force.
The Chalybes as an Historical People
Authors: Bittarello Maria Beatrice
Published: August 2023

Abstract: The mythical iron-workers the Chalybes are described as an historical people by both Greek and Roman writers. This paper examines the ancient sources that describe them as a ‘barbarian’ people inhabiting the peripheral regions of the known world and highlights significant differences between the ‘historical’ Chalybes and the mythical Chalybes. By adopting an approach located at the intersection of several disciplines, such as ethnography, human geography, history of religions, and structuralist methodologies, the author discusses how the presence of the Chalybes in a narrative is a signal of ‘other’ space and how the description of their customs calls into play issues of the construction of individual and ethnic identity.
Va-yo'el Moshe : The Most Anti-Zionist and Anti-Israeli Jewish Text in Modern Times
Authors: Keren-Kratz Menachem
Published: August 2023

Abstract: It is important to remember not only that many Jews rejected Zionism but also that for some it symbolized an abomination, heresy, and the worst collective sin the Jewish people have ever committed. Since it was first published in 1960, Va-yo'el Moshe —a book written by Rabbi Yoel Teitelbaum, the SatmarRebbe—is considered the most radical anti-Zionist text written by a Jew in modern history. During the ensuing sixty years, the book has reappeared in more than a dozen full editions and been translated into several languages. At least thirty further volumes have offered interpretations, adapted it for children, compiled digests, or reviewed its relevance to various ideological issues or halakhic rulings. The essay presents the history of Jewish anti-Zionist texts published prior to Va-yo'el Moshe and briefly reviews Teitelbaum's biography to explain his motivation for writing the book. It then outlines the book's contents and the religious principles that support its main theses. Last, it reviews the Jewish public's reaction to the book and explains how and why it became a canonical text among Jewish Orthodoxy's most radical wing, which in this article is titled Extreme Orthodoxy.
Extinction of high-power laser radiation under adverse weather conditions
Authors: Peckhaus Andreas , Becker Peter , Pargmann Carsten , Hall Thomas , Duschek Frank
Published: August 2023

The propagation of laser radiation over long distances can be significantly affected by atmospheric extinction due to precipitation as well as aerosol particles and molecules. The knowledge of the contribution of precipitation is critical to the operation of a variety of laser-based systems. The study of high-power laser transmission around 1 µm is of particular interest because several atmospheric transmission windows are located in this region. To investigate the effect of adverse weather conditions on laser transmission, free-space laser transmission experiments are conducted on the DLR test range in Lampoldshausen, Germany. A high-power laser with a wavelength of 1.03 µm is used for the transmission measurements in combination with calibrated power monitors. Local weather conditions are continuously monitored by meteorological instruments during the experiments. Extinction coefficients are derived from transmission measurements showing that the extinction for snow is 7 times higher than for rain, and the extinction for drizzle/rain is 4 times higher than for rain at a given precipitation rate of 1 mm/h. For a mixture of rain and snow, the extinction is comparable to that of rain, indicating that the water content strongly influences the optical properties and thus the extinction of laser radiation in mixed precipitation. A good relationship is found between the measured extinction coefficient and visibility for drizzle and rain and a slightly larger scatter of the data for snow. Furthermore, measured extinction coefficients are compared to the extinction coefficients based on the experimental size distributions of precipitation particles and geometric optics. A reasonable agreement is obtained for rain, with no improvement taking the forward-scattering into the detector aperture into account, and a much better agreement is obtained for snow when the forward-scattering contribution is included.
Ultra-flat multicarrier light source based on recirculating frequency shift loop driven by a parity–time symmetric optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Zhou Jiaxin , Ban Xinrui , Zhang Jie , Li Jiakang , Yang Jiewei , Jia Dongfang , Ge Chunfeng , Wang Zhaoying
Published: August 2023

A multicarrier light source based on a recirculating frequency shift loop (RFSL) driven by a parity–time (PT)-symmetric optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The impact of the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of the radio frequency (RF) signal on the multicarrier is studied for the first time, to our knowledge. The RFSL driven by PT-symmetric OEO significantly optimizes the phase noise and flatness of the multicarrier, facilitating the system miniaturization. In the experiment, a 10.019 GHz RF signal with a SMSR of 42 dB is generated with −98.63dBc/Hz measured phase noise at 10 kHz offset frequency (actual phase noise should be lower than −122.87dBc/Hz). Up to 120 subcarriers with 2.32 dB flatness are obtained successfully, covering the overall bandwidth of approximately 1.2 THz.
Development and performance validation of a low-cost algorithms-based hyperspectral imaging system for radiodermatitis assessment
Authors: Hao Shicheng , Xiong Ying , Guo Sisi , Gao Jing , Chen Xiaotong , Zhang Ruoyu , Liu Lihui , Wang Jianfeng
Published: August 2023

Whilst radiotherapy (RT) is widely used for cancer treatment, radiodermatitis caused by RT is one most common severe side effect affecting 95% cancer patients. Accurate radiodermatitis assessment and classification is essential to adopt timely treatment, management and monitoring, which all depend on reliable and objective tools for radiodermatitis grading. We therefore, in this work, reported the development and grading performance validation of a low-cost (∼2318.2 CNY) algorithms-based hyperspectral imaging (aHSI) system for radiodermatitis assessment. The low-cost aHSI system was enabled through Monte Carlo (MC) simulations conducted on multi-spectra acquired from a custom built low-cost multispectral imaging (MSI) system, deriving algorithms-based hyper-spectra with spectral resolution of 1 nm. The MSI system was based on sequentially illuminated narrow-band light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a CMOS camera. Erythema induced artificially on healthy volunteers was measured by the aHSI system developed, with algorithms-based hyper-spectra and skin layer resolved physiological parameters (i.e., the blood volume fraction (BVF) and the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in blood, et. al.) derivation using MC simulations. The MC simulations derived BVF and the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in blood showed significant (P < 0.001, analysis of variance: ANOVA) increase with erythema. Further 1D-convolution neural network (CNN) implemented on the algorithms-based hyper-spectra leads to an overall classification accuracy of 93.1%, suggesting the great potential of low-cost aHSI system developed for radiodermatitis assessment.
PDMS-filled micro-spring Fabry-Perot cavity for temperature sensing
Authors: Simin Cao , Xinggang Shang , Lei Zhang , Ning Wang , Min Qiu
Published: August 2023

A highly sensitive fiber-tipped temperature sensor based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-filled spring Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The spring FP cavity is first fabricated on the fiber endface by the two-photon polymerization lithography. After that, PDMS is filled into the cavity to drive the elongation of the flexible spring and thus to functionalize high-performance temperature sensing. Benefiting from the large thermal expansion coefficient of PDMS, the proposed sensor exhibits a maximal temperature sensitivity of 704.3 pm/°C with excellent operating repeatability and stability. Besides, by selecting a proper spring constant k, the FP sensitivity can be precisely adjusted in the range of 100-700 pm/°C. Thanks to the advantages of high fabrication accuracy and designable property, the proposed sensor could promote numerous usages for customizable temperature sensing.