bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Pemimpin Agama Berbasis Wawasan Pluralisme Dalam Merawat Toleransi Beragama di Indonesia
Authors: Gea Ondrasi , Aritonang Hanna Dewi , Harefa Senida
Published: November 2023

Abstract:This article departs from reality regarding the existence of cases of conflict to acts of violence with religious motives in Indonesia. Intolerant attitudes are increasingly felt by adherents of certain religions, for example refusing to build houses of worship even though the requirements have been fulfilled, feelings of being disturbed by the worship activities of adherents of other religions, the emergence of narrowly fanatical statements about the celebration of certain religious holidays, the occurrence of hate speech and even religious blasphemy. It turned out that amid these cases of conflict and intolerant religious leaders were also involved. Therefore, the author aims to develop an idea about the role of religious leaders plays a role in maintaining inter-religious harmony in Indonesia, namely by strengthening tolerance based on pluralism insights. This research refers to various literature consist of books, articles, journals and observes events around religious harmony. To build tolerance with a pluralism perspective, religious leaders can organize seminars on pluralism, Pancasila, and ideas that maintain national harmonious and integrity. In addition, adequate religious education for religious leaders can influence attitudes toward the reality of a pluralistic society, especially religious plurality. The deeper the pluralism insight of religious leaders and their adherents, the better the rating of tolerance in Indonesia. Abstrak:Artikel ini bertolak dari sebuah realita mengenai adanya kasus-kasus konflik hingga tindakan kekerasan dengan motif agama di Indonesia. Sikap intoleran semakin dirasakan oleh penganut agama tertentu, misalnya penolakan pendirian rumah ibadah meskipun persyaratan sudah terpenuhi, perasaan terganggu dengan aktifitas ibadah pemeluk agama lain, timbulnya pernyataan bermuatan fanatik sempit terhadap perayaan hari besar agama tertentu, terjadinya ujaran kebencian bahkan penistaan agama. Ternyata di tengah kasus konflik dan intoleran tersebut, pemuka agama juga turut terlibat. Oleh karena itu, penulis bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah ide tentang peran pemimpin agama merawat kerukunan antar umat beragama di Indonesia, yaitu dengan memperkuat toleransi berbasis wawasan pluralisme. Penelitian ini mengacu pada berbagai sumber literatur antara lain buku, artikel, jurnal dan mengamati peristiwa di sekitar kerukunan beragama. Untuk membangun toleransi berwawasan pluralisme, maka pemuka agama dapat membuat seminar bertajuk pluralisme, pancasila dan gagasan yang menjaga kerukunan serta keutuhan bangsa. Selain itu pendidikan agama yang memadai bagi pemuka agama dapat mempengaruhi sikap terhadap realitas masyarakat majemuk, terutama pluralitas agama. Sehingga semakin dalam wawasan pluralisme pemimpin agama beserta penganutnya, maka semakin baik tingkat toleransi di Indonesia.
Analisis Teologis Tentang Pola Pengajaran Yesus Berdasarkan Matius 18:1-11 dan Aplikasinya Bagi Guru Sekolah Minggu
Authors: Tafonao Endirman , Hia Yeremia
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan riset pustaka. Research ini bertujuan untuk memberikan sumbangsih pemikiran atas sikap dan karakter anak-anak sekolah Minggu terkhususnya di BNKP Orahuan Umbu yang sudah mulai kurang terkontrol akibat  melemahnya pola dan kecakapan guru sekolah Minggu dalam mengajar. Alternatif penyelesaian masalah yang ditawarkan dalam artikel ini berbasis pada pola pengajaran dan pendekatan Yesus kepada anak-anak yang terkandung pada Injil Matius 18:1-11. Pola pengajaran Yesus yang terdapat pada narasi tersebut memberikan rujukan kepada guru sekolah Minggu di BNKP Orahua Umbu bahwa mendidik anak-anak mesti didasarkan pada kasih. Anak-anak adalah milik kepunyaan Allah dan generasi yang akan meneruskan iman Kristen. Untuk itu guru sekolah Minggu mesti berupaya dengan kreatif untuk membentuk karakter, kepribadian, dan kerohanian peserta didiknya (anak-anak sekolah Minggu), agar dapat menjadi anak yang berakhlak mulia dan takut kepada Tuhan.
Makna Tidak Ada Perbedaan Antara Laki-Laki dan Perempuan Berdasarkan Galatia 3:28 dan Implikasinya Bagi Kesetaraan Gender
Authors: Hia Melvi Noermala , Silaen Riste Tioma
Published: November 2023

Masalah gender, bukanlah hal yang baru ditemukan. Perdebatan mengenai masalah ini sudah berlangsung dari waktu ke waktu dan selalu mewarnai kehidupan manusia. Masalah ini lebih spesifik memperdebatkan tentang kepribadian laki-laki dan perempuan serta perannya masing-masing dalam keseharian. Baik dalam keluarga, maupun dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memberikan perspektif bagi keluarga dan gereja agar tidak melakukan diskriminiasi karena perbedaan gender berdasarkan kata “tidak ada” dalam Galatia 3:28. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah paradigma kualitatif dengan pendkatan eksegesis dan kepustkaan seperti buku dan artikel yang berkaitan. Untuk menjawab perdebatan yang ada, maka Alkitablah yang akan menjadi jawabannya.  Sebab, baik dalam Perjanjian Lama, maupun dalam Perjanjian baru, akan menyatakn kebenaran bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara laki-laki dan perempuan, atau disebut semua setara dihadapan Tuhan. Tentu dalam hal ini, sebagai orang percaya, wajib mengakui legitimasi Alkitab sebagai otoritas kebanaran tertinggi tanpa terpengaruh serta terhalangi oleh kehidupan sosial dan budaya yang ada.
Gereja di Indonesia Menghadapi Tantangan Masa Depan Berkaitan dengan Gerakan “Religious Pluralism”
Authors: Hermanto Yanto Paulus , Aulia Normando Justine , Banjarnahor David , Pumpente Gloria , Tari Iwan Sugandi
Published: November 2023

Indonesia merupakan negara yang majemuk baik dalam hal suku, bahasa, budaya, maupun agama. Dengan kemajemukannya, paham Religious Pluralism yang menganggap bahwa semua agama adalah sama-sama merupakan jalan ke Tuhan, rawan untuk muncul. Dengan metode Studi Literatur dan Deskriptif Kualitatif, jurnal ini disusun untuk memaparkan tantangan serta bagaimana gereja menyikapi pandangan ini. Pandangan Ini menjadi sebuah tantangan bagi gereja dalam hal penginjilan, pertumbuhan gereja, pernikahan beda agama, pemahaman Firman Tuhan yang salah, dan dalam hal ajaran sesat. Gereja dapat menyikapinya dengan tetap menyatakan kebenaran, melakukan penginjilan, dan melakukan dialog. Kesimpulannya, sekalipun pemahaman ini telah mengakar sejak lama dalam sejarah kekristenan dan saat ini menyerang dengan lebih nyata lagi, gereja tetap dapat menghadapi tantangan yang ada dengan melakukan tindakan serta sikap yang bijak untuk tetap memberitakan kebenaran di dalam Kristus Yesus.
Memahami Gerakan Islam Transnasional (Studi Kasus di Indonesia, Brunei, dan Thailand)
Authors: Zaeni Akhmad , Zainuri Zainuri
Published: November 2023

This article aims to understand the transnational Islamic movement with a focus on three countries: Indonesia, Brunei, and Thailand. Transnational Islamic movement refers to the flow and influence of Islam that transcends national borders and has significant impacts on the social, political, and religious developments in the involved countries. This case study will discuss the key characteristics of the transnational Islamic movement in Indonesia, Brunei, and Thailand, as well as the factors influencing its development. Additionally, the article will also analyze how this movement plays a role in shaping the Muslim identity in these three countries. The research methods employed in this article are descriptive and comparative analysis. Data is obtained through literature studies and document reviews. The research findings indicate that the transnational Islamic movement in Indonesia, Brunei, and Thailand exhibits different characteristics depending on the respective countries' histories, cultures, and political situations. Factors such as migration, social media, financial support, and political issues play crucial roles in the development of this movement. In conclusion, the transnational Islamic movement has significant impacts within the contexts of Indonesia, Brunei, and Thailand.
A Review of Causal Identifiability Techniques across Different Observational Datasets
Authors:   Computer Science Department, School of Information Technology and Computing, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria., Terna Ayem Gabriel , Thandekkattu Salu George ,   Computer Science Department, School of Information Technology and Computing, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria., Nsang Augustine Shey ,   Computer Science Department, School of Information Technology and Computing, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria.
Published: November 2023

We present an aggregation of the causal identifiability solutions techniques and their assumptions as advanced in extant literatures with datasets of odd origins, which do not necessarily conform to the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) dataset, multinomial datasets and the Gaussian datasets settings; alongside their concomitant assumptions. The transformation process in data generation can sometimes be a desideratum of datasets of the following forms: linear and non-Gaussian, nonlinear & non-Gaussian, datasets with missing values, datasets tainted with selection biases, datasets with whose variables forms cycles, datasets with heterogeneous/nonstationary variables, datasets with confounding or latent variables, time-series datasets, deterministic datasets, etc. The study begins proper in section 2 after the introduction with the basic background into the concept of causality with observational data. The concept of graph as an embodiment of the background knowledge with structural causal model (SCM) is explicated in section 3; followed by the basic assumptions employed especially with common observational data settings in section 4. An exposition into the categorization of the algorithms used in causality is presented in section 4. Section 5 aggregates and expounds the causal identifiability techniques and their associated assumptions athwart varying datasets; which is the crux of the study and a recapitulation of same is presented in table 1. This study’s main contribution is to present an aggregate review of the causal techniques and their assumptions across different data settings especially in data settings of odd origins, as reviews such as this are grossly lacking in extant literatures.
Short-and Long-run Influence of COVID-19 on Jordan's Economy
Authors: Istaiteyeh Rasha
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Global economic growth projections have been revised downward in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This adjustment mirrors a substantial global economic decline brought about by COVID-19-induced lockdowns, which greatly restricted labor force movement and disrupted international trade, with Jordan aligning itself with this downward trend. This report provides a comprehensive sector-specific assessment of the COVID-19 impacts on the Jordanian economy, drawing on Jordanian official reports, various news sources, and expert opinions. Jordan's battle with COVID-19 extends beyond public health, encompassing significant economic challenges, with the ongoing economic struggle potentially proving more formidable than the health crisis. Therefore, Jordan's primary focus should be on establishing a precisely targeted social safety net, given the pandemic's highlighting of widespread informality in employment across the Middle East and North Africa region, as it navigates its path to economic recovery.

JEL classification numbers: I, I15.
Keywords: COVID-19, Economic influence, Jordan, Microeconomics, Macroeconomics
Notes: Progressive, yet problematic: Unpacking the therapy order and sentence in S v SN
Authors: van der Linde Delano Cole
Published: November 2023

The judgment in S v SN [2022] ZAECGHC 35 is dichotomous as it is both progressive and problematic. The judgment is progressive as, for the first time, a South African criminal court imposed a therapy order for a victim of rape. The minor victim in this case was raped multiple times by her uncle in a familial home. The court was further enjoined to impose a minimum life sentence under the Criminal Law Amendment Act 105 of 1997, as the victim was under the age of 16 and had been raped on multiple occasions. However, the court in SN was entitled to deviate from the minimum sentence when ‘substantial and compelling circumstances exist’ to do so. In considering the mitigating and aggravating factors present in the case, the court deviated from the minimum life sentence based on the remorse of the accused and the lack of force used during the rape. The judgment is problematic because considering these factors unearthed problematic narratives surrounding the nature of rape. This note critically analyses the judgment in SN and submits that although the therapy order is a welcome development, the court erred in considering a lack of force employed during the rape as a mitigating factor.
Should the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act be amended to include electronic signatures for the sale of immovable property in South Africa?
Authors: Reddy Nirissa
Published: November 2023

Electronic signatures have become a core feature of digital transformation. Organisations can now transact with greater ease, regardless of physical distance or national borders. The Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 facilitates electronic communications and transactions using electronic documents and signatures in South Africa. Electronic contracts and signatures are legally binding and constitute valid and admissible evidence in legal proceedings, although there are a few exceptions. One of the exclusions concerns agreements for the sale of immovable property. The Alienation of Land Act 68 of 1981, which regulates the sale of land, seeks to promote legal certainty as to the authenticity and contents of these contracts to limit instances of fraud and litigation. This article examines the risk associated with fraud and the case of Borcherds v Duxbury 2021 (1) SA 410 (ECP). In this case, contrary to legislation, the court accepted an electronic signature in a contract for the sale of immovable property. I recommend that the relevant legislation be amended to validate the use of advanced electronic signatures for the sale of immovable property. A holistic approach to electronic signatures is the only way to embrace an inevitable and complete digital transformation.
Bolstering creditor and shareholder protection under the South African and Zimbabwean amalgamation or merger regulatory regimes: Suggestions for company-law reform
Authors: Mudzamiri Justice
Published: November 2023

This article critically assesses the efficacy of the South African and Zimbabwean merger regulatory regimes in providing suitable shareholder and creditor protection. The article seeks to balance competing goals. On the one hand, merger opportunities should be promoted by reducing regulatory barriers to merger regulation by, for instance, facilitating the implementation of mergers through a less complex procedure and with reduced court interference. On the other hand, the merger regimes ought to guarantee the appropriate and adequate protection of creditors and shareholders, including minority shareholders’ interests. The article focuses on the two comprehensive target shareholder protections — participatory and remedial rights — and two creditor remedies — the creditors’ notice and the solvency and liquidity test. The study establishes that South Africa offers better protection to creditors and shareholders than Zimbabwe. However, in some respects, both jurisdictions can seek lessons from other progressive jurisdictions, including the United States of America, with the state of Delaware as a particular example, and the United Kingdom.
Book Review: Mervyn Dendy & Cheryl Loots Herbstein and Van Winsen: The Civil Practice of the Superior Courts of South Africa (2021)
Authors: Paleker Mohamed
Published: November 2023

None
The Effect of Robot Cafe Experience Economy Factors on Perceived Value and Customer Satisfaction
Authors:   The Foodservice Management Society Of Korea, Hong Seung Woo
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study is to verify the structural relationship between robot cafe experience economy factors, perceived value, and customer satisfaction, and to identify which robot cafe experience economy factors affect perceived value and customer satisfaction. After data coding, IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0 was used to analyze frequency, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and correlation analysis, and IBM SPSS Amos Graphics 27.0 was used to analyze confirmatory factors for the measurement model and to verify the hypothesis of the research model. As a result of the study, it was found that among the factors of the experiential economy, entertainment experiences, aesthetic experiences, and breakaway experiences, excluding educational experiences, had a significant effect on perceived value. Second, among the experience economy factors, educational experiences, aesthetic experiences, and breakaway experiences, excluding entertainment experiences, were found to have a significant impact on customer satisfaction. Finally, perceived value was found to have a significant effect on customer satisfaction.
The effect of consumption value of convenience store customers on comsumption emotion and behavioral intention
Authors:   The Foodservice Management Society Of Korea, Oh Kyoung-Su
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the consumption value of convenience store customers, analyzing the impact of consumption value on consumption emotion and behavioral intention, and helping all active marketing for convenience store customers. Based on previous studies, three hypotheses were established, and a survey was conducted on consumers who had experience using convenience stores. As a result of the study, first, the consumption value of convenience store customers has a positive effect on consumption sentiment. Second, the consumption sentiment of convenience store customers has a positive effect on behavioral intention. Third, the consumption value of convenience store customers has a positive effect on behavioral intention. This study suggests that marketing strategies should be established to maximize the consumption value preferred by convenience store customers by suggesting ways to improve service quality, consumer satisfaction, and sales when visiting convenience store customers' direct stores.
The Effects of Eco-Friendly Food Consumption Value Using S-O-R Framework on Consumer Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention: Focus on the moderating effect of Product Familiarity
Authors:   The Foodservice Management Society Of Korea, Kim Geon-Whee
Published: November 2023

This study was examine the effect of S-O-R framework to confirm how eco-friendly food consumption value affects consumer satisfaction and how consumer satisfaction affects repurchase intention. In addition, The moderating effect of product familiarity between consumer satisfaction and repurchase intention was verified. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of verifying the degree of influence of eco-friendly food consumption value factors on consumer satisfaction, it was found that functional value and emotional value had a significant effect on consumer attitude. Second, as a result of verifying the degree of influence of consumers' satisfaction purchasing eco-friendly food on repurchase intention, it was found that consumer satisfaction has a significant effect on repurchase intention. Third, as a result of verifying the moderating effect of product familiarity and consumer satisfaction purchasing eco-friendly food on repurchase intention, both objective familiarity and subjective familiarity had a moderating effect between consumer satisfaction and repurchase intention when purchasing eco-friendly food
Impact of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and the Marine Ecosystems in Phillipines
Authors: Althea Amihan
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs and the marine ecosystems in phillipines

Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library

Findings: Ocean acidification reduces the density and growth of coral skeletons, making them more vulnerable to erosion. This threatens coral reefs and the marine life that depends on them. It also affects human benefits from coral reefs, such as fisheries, tourism and storm protection.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of Ocean Acidification and Coral Calcification, Theory of Ocean Acidification and Biodiversity Loss and Theory of Adaptation and Resilience of Coral Reefs may be used to anchor future studies on impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs and the marine ecosystems in Philippines. Philippine government should actively participate in global climate agreements and implement policies to reduce carbon emissions at the domestic level. The Philippine government should integrate ocean acidification considerations into national environmental policies and action plans, such as the Philippine Coral Reef Protection Program.
Psychological Factors Affecting Athletes' Motivation and Performance in Competitive Sports in Mexico
Authors: Antonio Juan
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The study sought to investigate the Psychological Factors Affecting Athletes' Motivation and Performance in Competitive Sports in Mexico

Materials and Methods: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library

Findings: Psychological factors significantly impact athletes' motivation and performance in competitive sports. High self-efficacy and clear goal-setting practices are associated with improved motivation and performance, while athlete burnout, often resulting from stress and overtraining, negatively affects both. Autonomy and self-determination foster higher motivation and better performance, as do positive coach-athlete relationships. Managing pre-competition anxiety is crucial, as high anxiety levels can reduce motivation and performance. These findings underscore the importance of addressing these psychological factors to optimize athlete performance in the realm of competitive sports.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that the education should focus on building psychological skills, such as goal setting, visualization, and stress management, which can significantly impact motivation and performance.  Coaches and sports psychologists should work closely with athletes to create personalized mental training plans. Sporting organizations should adopt policies that mandate the use of performance profiling and individualized psychological support for athletes at all levels.
Assessing the Impact of Recreational Programs on the Well-being of Senior Citizens
Authors: Camila Adriana
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the assessing the impact of recreational programs on the well-being of senior citizens

Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library

Findings: Participation in recreational programs among senior citizens yielded significantly positive outcomes across various dimensions of well-being. These programs were linked to improved physical health, enhanced social connections, boosted cognitive function, better emotional well-being, and an overall higher quality of life. The cumulative effect of engagement in these activities underlines the importance of recreational programs in promoting well-being among senior citizens.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social Exchange Theory, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Successful Aging Theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the impact of recreational programs on the well-being of senior citizens. Findings can inform the design of recreational programs, tailoring activities to address specific well-being factors like physical health, social connections, and cognitive stimulation Policymakers can incentivize healthcare providers to incorporate recreational programs as part of holistic care for seniors.
Media Contents and Youths’ Attitudes toward Nigeria’s Political Activities
Authors: Amedu Anthony Apeh , Oginni Yemi Kunle
Published: November 2023

Purpose: A politically engaged individual will pay close attention on various subjects related to public space or collective concerns, such as the environment, public policy, human rights, elections, and other relevant factors. Political apathy, on the other hand, refers to a general state of indifference towards the events and governance of one’s political locality. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between media contents and youths’ attitudes toward Nigeria’s political activities.

Methodology: This study was anchored on Cognitive Mobilisation Theory. The study adopted the correlation survey research design. The study targeted Nigerian youths aged 18-35. Stratified and convenience sampling techniques were used in selecting the respondents. The study utilized a self-designed questionnaire called the Media Political Education Contents and Youths’ Attitudes, Questionnaire (MEYPQ). Copies of the questionnaire were electronically administered using (https://docs.google.com). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to process the data, which was presented as frequency distributions for all items in charts and tables, the mean, and standard deviation.

Findings: Findings from the study show that 435 (80.2%) of the respondents accessed political education contents on social media, 405 respondents (75%) accessed such content via digital media, 403 (74.5%) accessed through graphics/digital graphics, 74.14% (400) accessed via electronics/broadcast, and 62.64% (338) of the respondents have accessed or seen political education via print media. The attitude of Nigerian youths towards political activities is positive (Weighted Mean = 2.56; S.D = 0.87). An increase in media education contents will lead to an increase in attitudes of Nigerian youths towards political activities by 0.861.

Recommendations: The study recommends that political stakeholders should use the opportunities presented by the media to change the apathetic and hostile attitudes of youths towards political actors and activities into trust, acceptance, cooperation and support.
MIGRATION AND THE DIASPORA: INVOLVEMENT OF THE TANZANIAN DIASPORA IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Londo Dennis Lazaro
Published: November 2023

As international migration is progressively increasing African countries are sending more of their citizens out of their countries. The Diaspora discussion is in equal measure gaining prominence within African governments. This study endeavors to review the available policies and initiative taken by the Tanzanian government to engage its Diaspora in home activities. The major argument in this study focuses on the performance of the policies set; are they successful or more has to be done? This study reviewed relevant literatures on the policies set by the Tanzanian government to engage its Diaspora in order to accomplish the purpose intended. Most of the Tanzanian Diaspora still feel there is much that needs to be done by their government to engage them in National Development. Their experiences suggest that they are not comfortable with the current existing policies and would urge the Tanzanian government to make adjustments where necessary. Findings from this study provide necessary information for the Tanzanian government to improve existing measures.
HUMAN RIGHTS, COUNTER-TERRORISM AND THE MORALITY OF EXTRA-JUDICIAL KILLING: THE PHILOSOPHY AND NATIONAL INTEREST PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Igonoh Joshua
Published: November 2023

Within the second half of the twentieth century, the spate of terrorist attacks all over the world adopted such stride that warranted reaction of international community in form of several treaties and Conventions on counter-terrorism. Under these treaties, States have rights and duties to take counter-terrorism measures to prevent and deter terrorist attacks and to prosecute those responsible for carrying out such heinous acts. The significance of this paper is stressed by the additional duty to comply with State obligation under international law, particularly, international human rights, refugee and humanitarian laws. The purpose of this paper amongst others, is to draw attention to the awkward development arising from the fact that, in pursuit of these measures, various member states have adopted all kinds of counter-terrorism measures, ranging from targeted killing, extra-judicial killing and running of torture camps and chambers, especially in the aftermath of the 9/11 attack on the United States of America; which sad event orchestrated permissive regime of rechristening every conceivable opposition as terrorism that must be addressed, by all forms of high-handedness. This dimension of counter-terrorism measures raise several human right questions, bordering on human right and humanitarian law on the one hand, and the question of morality of extra-judicial killing on the other. By doctrinal or theoretical approach, the paper observed and found that there is a gap in the International Law on counter terrorism, on the approach an aggrieved State may adopt where a terrorist is either evasive of the cause of justice or where the State hosting him is either unable or unwilling to bring him to justice. The paper lamented over too much emphasis on the human right of individual terrorist at the expense of peace and stability of the State. The paper thus recommended that counter-terrorism laws be amended to reflect this obvious gap and counseled that national policies on counter-terrorism should put security of other Nations into consideration for a more balanced administration of international justice.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF UNITED NATIONS, CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA AND THE COMPLICITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY: SEARCH FOR A CULPRIT*
Authors: Igonoh Dr. Joshua
Published: November 2023

Corruption in Nigeria has become such a sickening and systemic phenomenon, defying the expansive legal framework and administrative measures in combating it over the years. However, foreign complicity in the entire build-up of this scourge that is threatening the continued existence of Nigeria as a Nation State is one area that those with sympathetic disposition to the plight of the common man in Nigeria have not given any serious thought over the years. Thus, by doctrinal approach, this paper explored attitude of some developed economies in fuelling the inferno of corruption and found that unless this derogatory attitude to the values upon which the United Nations were built is checked, International Community would have contributed to Nigeria becoming a failed State. The paper found that domestic measures to combat the scourge of corruption will avail nothing as long as foreign complicity is not checked. The paper pointed International Community to a new dimension of foreign complicity in form of property development investment of corruptly acquired funds and thus recommended that in the spirit of the philosophy of the United Nations, International Community should combat foreign complicity in fuelling corruption more seriously, to avoid the regime of failures that informed previous world wars. The paper recommended that apart from International anti-corruption surveillance, foreign countries that contribute to corruption in any member nation of the United Nations should be made to forfeit their investment in such a country, including unguarded loans granted to corrupt Nations.
Media, War and Propaganda: A Content Analysis of U.S. Propaganda in Time and Newsweek Coverage of the Iraq War
Authors: Nwankpa Nduka
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The study analyses the propagandistic manipulations embedded in the U.S.-led war in Iraq in 2003. The aim is to ascertain how America used propaganda in her attempts to shore up support for the war and sway her targets.
Methodology: Quantitative and qualitative content analysis was applied to analyse the propagandistic manipulations of the U.S. government during the build-up to the war (the threat of war) and the actual war. Two U.S.-based news magazines, Time and Newsweek, were studied. The period of the study spans from February to April 2003.
Findings: the findings showed that Washington applied propaganda to an unusual degree in search of global support for the war. Research question two probed into the extent and degree of Washington’s propaganda printed by the Time and the Newsweek magazines. We uncovered that the Time transmitted a total of 35 propaganda (64.8%); while the Newsweek churned out only 19 representing 35.2% of total coded propaganda techniques.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study concluded that in spite of the heavy dose of propaganda America administered on the world, she failed to win the UN and world support for the war. The military operation it led in Iraq was an unpopular one.
Distortions on Cameroon’s War-Time Economy, 1914-1916
Authors: Achenui Nwenfor
Published: November 2023

Purpose. The paper examines the degree of turbulence that was meted on the colonial economy of the Cameroons between 1914-1916.

Methodology: The study was built on the theoretical method, garnered largely from secondary sources, and an analytical pattern that is highly conventional.

Results: The indicated that  wartime conditions led to increased distortions on Cameroon’s economic patterns especially in the form of higher taxations, agricultural shifts and restrictive trading regulations and concluded that this metropolitan based economy was literally altered to pilot allied war efforts.

 Unique contribution to theory and practice: The paper recommends that,  a shift from the archaic system of bitter revanchist that placed nation-states at war with each other as a necessary corollary for imperial expansion, for a more peaceful approach to cross country rifts, would lessen future tensions and make futile any eminent war with bitter lessons on world economies even as national rivalries persist until the 21st century.
Penerapan Smart Greenhouse Untuk Optimalisasi Hasil Pertanian Hidroponik dengan Implementasi IoT dan Machine Learning di Syifa Hidroponik
Authors: Kristianto Aditya , Chai Christopher Alexander , Chainatra Derick , Onggie Karen , Alexander Winar Joko
Published: November 2023

Publikasi dari United Nations menyampaikan 40% lahan bumi mengalami penurunan kualitas tanah setiap tahun, dampak yang dihasilkan dari permasalahan lahan kritis adalah isu ketahanan pangan nasional. Salah satu UMKM penggiat budidaya hidroponik adalah Syifa Hidroponik. Syifa Hidroponik didirikan oleh Ir. Suardi Raden sejak tahun 2014 yang memiliki ketertarikan dalam bidang implementasi teknologi untuk mendukung budidaya hidroponik dan bersedia mendukung tim pengusul melalui program PKM-PI. Berdasarkan observasi dan wawancara dengan mitra, tim pengusul mengidentifikasi tiga permasalahan utama dalam budidaya tanaman hidroponik, yaitu faktor iklim, hama tanaman, dan pengelolaan nutrisi. Realisasi kegiatan yang telah dilakukan mencakup survei secara langsung di Syifa Hidroponik, wawancara dengan mitra mengenai permasalahan yang dialami, diskusi terkait rancangan yang akan dilakukan, melakukan gambaran akan rancangan yang akan dibuat, merancang perangkat IoT, dan mengimplementasikannya terhadap tanaman. Hasil yang akan dicapai yaitu implementasi IoT. Hasil dari implementasi IoT adalah perangkat sensor yang terhubung ke dalam microcontroller yang akan ditampilkan ke dalam website yang dapat diakses untuk melihat data kondisi suhu, kelembapan, pH, nutrisi, dan informasi tanaman yang ditanam secara real-time, serta cara penanggulangannya. Kesimpulan dari hasil implementasi adalah untuk mengatasi beberapa permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh mitra, seperti masalah pengelolaan nutrisi, hama tanaman, dan pH air. Hasil dari kegiatan adalah suatu perangkat IoT yang membantu dalam mengecek kadar nutrisi dan pH air, membantu mendeteksi hama melalui penerapan teknologi IoT dan machine learning untuk pemberian pestisida nabati, dan yang terakhir, pengendalian suhu melalui penggunaan sensor suhu, serta sistem informasi yang terintegrasi di dalam smart greenhouse.
Analisis Kegiatan Storytelling Sebagai Upaya Meredam Perilaku Bullying pada Jenjang Satuan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Suryadi Yeanny
Published: November 2023

Latar belakang Kasus perudungan yang dilakukan oleh anak usia dini mengalami pravelensi yang cukup mengkhawatirkan. KPAI mencatat angka ini terus meningkat sejak 2011 hingga 2019. Beberapa sekolah mencatat perkembangan aspek sosial emosional anak usia dini telah diidentifikasi mengalami beberapa masalah berulang yang muncul, seperti perilaku tantrum (mengamuk).Perilaku tantrum dilakukan saat keinginannya tidak terpenuhi dan berharap dengan melakukan tindakan tersebut, lingkungan akan mengalah dengan mengabulkan apa yang menjadi keinginannya, Selanjutnya adalah perilaku bullying yang terus meningkat kasusnya yang bahkan telah dilakukan oleh anak pada usia dini, seperti mengejek ( perudungan verbal), melakukan perudungan secara fisik, serta secara psikis seperti mengajak teman lain untuk menjauhi kawan lainnya secara diam-diam ataupun secara terang-terangan. Metode penelitian:  Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur dan observasi langsung ke sebuah Raudhatul Athfal di Deliserdang Hasil penelitian: solusi yang dilakukan dalam mencegah perilaku bullying pada satuan pendidikan anak usia dini adalah menggunakan teori bermain melalui story telling, melakukan pendekatan kepada lingkungan keluarga melalui kegiatan parenting, dan menggunakan teknik time out dalam memecahkan masalah tantrum pada anak usia dini.,

Kesimpulan: Teori bermain dalam mengasah kecerdasan sosial emosional anak sedari dini, dengan pengalaman berharga melalui implementasi teori bermain, diharapkan pengembangan aspek sosial emosional anak tumbuh dengan baik hingga dewasa kelak
ANALISIS KARAKTERTER CINTA TANAH AIR SISWA KELAS IV SDN 064009 MEDAN MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN PANCASILA PADA KURIKULUM MERDEKA
Authors: Yanti Suyanti
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini menggambarkan hasil penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakter cinta tanah air siswa IV SDN 064009 Medamelalui pembelajaran Pancasila dalam konteks Kurikulum Merdeka. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memahami sejauh mana pembelajaran Pancasila berdampak pada karakter cinta tanah air siswa di SD, serta untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas Kurikulum Merdeka dalam mencapai tujuan pembentukan karakter yang mencintai tanah air.Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan mengumpulkan data melalui observasi kelas, wawancara, dan kuesioner kepada siswaIV SDN 064009 Medan  yang mengikuti pembelajaran Pancasila dalam Kurikulum Merdeka. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis untuk menilai perubahan dalam pemahaman siswa terhadap nilai-nilai Pancasila, tingkat kesadaran terhadap nilai-nilai kebangsaan, serta perubahan perilaku yang mencerminkan cinta tanah air.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran Pancasila dalam Kurikulum Merdeka memiliki dampak positif pada karakter cinta tanah air siswa kelas IV SDN 064009 Medan. Siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran tersebut memiliki pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang nilai-nilai Pancasila, lebih sadar akan nilai-nilai kebangsaan, dan terlibat dalam aktivitas-aktivitas yang mendukung cinta tanah air. Ini mengindikasikan bahwa Kurikulum Merdeka dapat menjadi alat yang efektif dalam membentuk karakter siswa yang mencintai tanah air.Studi ini memiliki implikasi penting untuk pengembangan kurikulum dan pendekatan pembelajaran di kelas IV SDN 064009 Medan , serta memberikan landasan bagi upaya pendidikan yang lebih berfokus pada pembentukan karakter siswa yang berakar pada cinta tanah air dan nilai-nilai Pancasila sebagai bagian dari identitas nasional Indonesia.
Kesimpulan:
Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pendidikan Pancasila dalam Kurikulum Merdeka memiliki dampak positif yang signifikan pada karakter cinta tanah air siswa SDN 064009 Medan . Peningkatan pemahaman nilai-nilai Pancasila, kesadaran kebangsaan, dan perubahan positif dalam perilaku siswa adalah hasil langsung dari pembelajaran ini
Review on Security in Multi-Cloud on Real-time Application
Authors:   CMR University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Mohan Kumar Dr. S. , C. T Binu.
Published: November 2023

In the rapidly evolving landscape of cloud computing, multi-cloud strategies, which employ more than one cloud service provider, have gained prominence. This book, "Review on Security in Multi-Cloud on Real-time Application," delves into the security challenges associated with multi-cloud environments. Beginning with an exploration of the driving factors behind multi-cloud adoption, the book provides a comprehensive literature review, outlines research methodologies, and presents real-world case studies. Aimed not just at academics and IT professionals, this work seeks to offer insights for a broader audience, including decision-makers and enterprise architects. The overarching goal is to present the complexities of multi-cloud security in an accessible and actionable format. Keywords: Multi-cloud strategies, cloud computing, security challenges, real-time applications, research methodologies, literature review, case studies, enterprise architecture.
Management Procedures on Success of Coffee Processing Technologies in Rwanda: A Case of RWACOF
Authors: Fernand Rutayisire , Kengere Osiemo
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to analyze the impact of management procedures on the success of coffee processing technologies in Rwanda coffee. The research focused on assessing if well-planned procedures can influence the success of coffee processing in Rwanda Coffee Company (RWACOF), establishing project procedures that contribute to the desired quality of coffee beans, and investigating the relationship between evaluation of processes and successful coffee processing technologies. The target population was 100 respondents, and the research design was descriptive, using both primary and secondary data. The study found that 63% of respondents agreed that RWACOF contributed to research development for coffee farmers, while 59% agreed that planning and control play a crucial role in the quality and quantity of coffee beans. The researcher concluded that management procedures play a crucial role in any company, especially in processing companies like RWACOF. If these procedures lack, it can lead to financial losses or bankruptcy in the future. The researcher recommended RWACOF to follow farmers and coffee stations to help them produce good quality and quantity of coffee, educate them more on coffee planting, organize trainings for farmers and coffee station managers, and contribute to climate change consequences.
BIOESTIMULADORES DE COLÁGENO (ÁCIDO POLILÁTICO, HIDROXIAPATITA DE CÁLCIO, POLICAPROLACTONA E POLIDIOXANONA)
Authors: Barbosa Oliveira Saragoça Aline , Saragoça Felix Giovanna , Lopes de Castro Izabelly
Published: November 2023

A aparência da pele é de extrema importância entre o indivíduo e o meio externo, ela transmite características individuais e pessoais como a saúde, idade, emoções e essas características por vez, afeta bastante a autoestima.  O envelhecimento cutâneo é classificado em dois tipos: intrínseco (cronológico) é o que ocorre com a passagem do tempo e é determinado principalmente for fatores genéticos, estado hormonal e reações metabólicas, ocorre naturalmente, com o passar do tempo as células do corpo perdem sua capacidade de renovação e cai rapidamente produção  de fibras de colágeno e elastina que dão resistência e elasticidade aos tecidos do corpo , a segunda classificação é o tipo extrínseco, que  é provocado pela exposição ao sol e fatores ambientais como estilo de vida (alimentação, exercícios físicos), tabagismo, alcoolismo e um dos mais importantes que é a radiação solar ultravioleta. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura acerca de Bioestimuladores de colágeno a base de Polidioxanona, ácido Polilático, Hidroxipatita de Cálcio e Policaprolactona, usando como base de pesquisa as plataformas Pubmed (Publisher Medline), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Google acadêmico e Núcleo do conhecimento, selecionamos artigos que diferenciam esses bioestimuladores e melhor indicação dos mesmos de acordo com a necessidade do paciente. O objetivo geral desse trabalho é apresentar a eficácia de cada um desses bioestimuladores de colágeno e sua colaboração na manutenção da saúde da pele, proporcionando firmeza e aspecto mais elástico, ajudando também a suavizar rugas, linhas de expressão e também preencher sulcos causados pela flacidez.
AS FUNÇÕES DA MICROGLIA NA PROGRESSÃO DO ASTROCITOMA – ARTIGO DE REVISÃO LITERÁRIA
Authors: Leite Emidio Alexandre , Martins Braga Gabriel , Santos Ferreira Sabrina , Cruz de Victo Nathalia
Published: November 2023

Este artigo apresenta as interações entre o glioma conhecido como astrocitoma, que possui 4 graus de malignidade de acordo com a OMS, e a célula imunológica cerebral microglia, assim como os mecanismos desta célula afetam o astrocitoma com sua diferenciação fenotípica em antitumoral (M1) e pro-tumoral (M2), tal qual outros fatores que ajudam na progressão do tumor, além das mutações nos genes IDH1, IDH2, TP53 e NF1 que podem desencadear a formação do astrocitoma. O artigo traz como objetivo a análise da interação entre a microglia e o astrocitoma, que se trata de um dos canceres cerebrais mais comuns, como a célula imune através de certos mecanismos combate a neoplasia e através de outros contribui para a progressão do tumor. Como método para a análise desse tema foram utilizados livros eletrônicos, artigos científicos nacionais e internacionais indexados em base de dados como Google acadêmico, Scielo, Pubmed, entre outros para a confecção deste trabalho, os artigos selecionados foram escolhidos quanto ao desenvolvimento, resultados e discussões sobre o assunto com informações relevantes para o projeto. Após a análise, foi possível estabelecer a importância da mutação genética das células presentes na estrutura cerebral para o desencadear a neoplasia a partir da mutação de genes como NF1, IDH1 e IDH2, além da mutação do gene TP53 que é importante no desenvolvimento de tumores. Também foi possível concluir que a microglia tem um papel importante na progressão do câncer através de sua diferenciação em M2.