bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise sensorial de bolo de maracujá com chocolate para fenilcetonúricos
Authors: Vilar Juliana dos Santos , Castro Talita Cabral Maia
Published: August 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma receita de bolo de maracujá com calda de chocolate destinado aos portadores de fenilcetonúria e avaliar sua aceitação. As amostras foram oferecidas a 50 provadores não treinados e avaliadas pelo teste de aceitabilidade por meio da escala hedônica, estruturada em nove pontos. O sabor foi o atributo mais apreciado por 66% dos provadores. O bolo apresentou média de 7,0 de aceitação global, correspondente a “gostei moderadamente” na escala hedônica e 94% de intenção de compra. Portanto, o bolo foi aceito e seria comprado pela maioria dos participantes.
Projetos profissionais do serviço social e da psicologia nos CRAS: uma articulação bem sucedida?
Authors: Felippe Jonis Manhães Sales
Published: August 2013

Este trabalho é síntese de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada a partir de estudos sobre as legislações profissionais, os documentos e diretrizes da Política de Assistência Social e da coleta de dados e registros nos Centros de Referência da Assistência Social em Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ. A pesquisa em questão buscou mapear como estão delimitados os espaços de atuação de assistentes sociais e psicólogos no sistema de proteção básica da referida política neste município, uma vez que, nas ações de fiscalização do CRESS- Seccional Campos, foram identificadas possíveis indefinições entre as atribuições do Serviço Social e as da Psicologia.
Microbiological diagnostics of fungal infections
Authors: Girmenia Corrado
Published: August 2013

Laboratory tests for the detection of fungal infections are easy to perform. The main obstacle to a correct diagnosis is the correlation between the laboratory findings and the clinical diagnosis. Among pediatric patients, the most common fungal pathogen is Candida. The detection of fungal colonization may be performed through the use of chromogenic culture media, which allows also the identification of Candida subspecies, from which pathogenicity depends. In neonatology, thistest often drives the decision to begin a empiric therapy; in this regard, a close cooperation between microbiologists and clinicians is highly recommended. Blood culture, if positive, is a strong confirmation of fungal infection; however, its low sensitivity results in a high percentage of false negatives, thus decreasing its reliability. Molecular diagnostics is still under evaluation, whereas the detection of some fungal antigens, such as β-D-glucan, galactomannan, mannoprotein, and cryptococcal antigen in the serum is used for adults, but still under evaluations for pediatric patients.
Why MIC matters? Microbiologists vs. clinicians
Authors: Girmenia Corrado
Published: August 2013

Several mechanisms of resistance may interfere with the patients’ healing from a fungal infection. However, in premature children fungi are generally susceptible to antifungal agents, except in case of vertical transmission from the mother. In vitro sensitivity tests have been recently harmonized between American and European standards, after years of unhomogeneity: to date, the interpretation of epidemiological cut-off of wild-type population and clinical cut-off are common, and are often updated. Sensitivity tests are difficult to perform, but luckily new commercial tests approvedby FDA are available. Sometimes, knowing the intrinsic sensitivities and resistances of every fungal species and subspecies may be enough in the clinical practice, since few resistances are acquired.
Physical exercise training and coronary artery disease
Authors: Höllriegel Robert , Mangner Norman , Schuler Gerhard , Erbs Sandra
Published: August 2013

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, despite improvements in medical and interventional therapies. Based on many studies in large cohorts, regular physical exercise training plays a central and indispensable role in both the primary and secondary prevention of CAD. Exercise training was shown to improve blood pressure control, lipid profile, glucose control, and enhance weight loss in obese patients. Moreover, exercise training not only affects clinical symptoms, it reduces CAD mortality and morbidity in addition to dietary, pharmacological and interventional treatments. Different kinds of exercise training (aerobic, interval, resistance training) have been studied and all are feasible, well tolerated, and beneficial in patients with CAD. Therefore, exercise training has the highest recommendation class (I) and level of evidence (A) in the European guidelines for patients with coronary artery disease. Nonetheless, exercise training is underutilized in patients with cardiac diseases and only a minority of eligible patients is referred to a cardiac rehabilitation or structured exercise training program by their physician.
AGU Fellows Elected for 2013
Authors: Pieters Carle , Williams Danica
Published: July 2013

The Union Fellows Selection Committee is proud to present the 2013 class of AGU Fellows. Established in 1962, the Fellows program recognizes AGU members who have attained acknowledged eminence in the Earth and space sciences as valued by their peers and vetted by a committee of Fellows. The primary criterion for evaluation of scientific eminence is a major breakthrough or discovery, paradigm shift, or sustained impact.
Transferrin‐immune complex disease: A potentially overlooked gammopathy mediated by IgM and IgG
Authors: Forni Gian Luca , Pinto Valeria , Musso Marco , Mori Marco , Girelli Domenico , Caldarelli Ilaria , Borriello Adriana , Ragione Fulvio Della
Published: August 2013

The combination of marked hypersideremia, hypertransferrinemia, and monoclonal gammopathy of underdetermined significance (MGUS) should alert clinicians to the possible presence of an anti‐transferrin immunoglobulin, an uncommon acquired disorder also defined as transferrin‐immune complex disease (TICD). The authors have previously described a case of TICD with 100% transferrin saturation and liver iron overload. However, the findings in the few cases so far reported are heterogeneous, and the presence of high transferrin saturation and liver iron overload is not universal. In this article, the authors have described the identification of two additional patients with anti‐transferrin monoclonal gammopathy, hypersideremia, and hypertransferrinemia, but with incomplete transferrin saturation and no hepatic iron overload. The autoantibodies were purified by using transferrin as affinity bait and characterized. One subject showed a high‐titer monoclonal anti‐transferrin IgM with a κ‐type light chain. This finding is the first observation of IgM autoantibodies against transferrin. The other patient developed the disease after pregnancy. In this study, monoclonal antibody was an IgG mounting a κ‐type light chain with altered molecular weight. These results highlight that transferrin might induce the development of a monoclonal immune response of different classes and specificity. The identification, in a single hematologic center, of three different subjects with anti‐transferrin monoclonal gammopathy suggests that the disease probably represents a still underdiagnosed condition. From a clinical standpoint, these patients must be followed up both as MGUS and as hemochromatosis. Am. J. Hematol. 88:1045–1049, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hyperimmune globulins and same‐day thrombotic adverse events as recorded in a large healthcare database during 2008–2011
Authors: Menis Mikhail , Sridhar Gayathri , Selvam Nandini , Ovanesov Mikhail V. , Divan Hozefa A. , Liang Yideng , Scott Dorothy , Golding Basil , Forshee Richard , Ball Robert , Anderson Steven A. , Izurieta Hector S.
Published: August 2013

Thrombotic events (TEs) are rare serious complications following administration of hyperimmune globulin (HIG) products. Our retrospective claims‐based study assessed occurrence of same‐day TEs following administration of HIGs during 2008–2011 and examined potential risk factors using HealthCore's Integrated Research Database (HIRDSM) and laboratory testing of products' procoagulant Factor XIa activity by U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Multivariable regression was used to estimate same‐day TE risk for different products. Of 101,956 individuals exposed to 23 different HIG product groups, 86 (0.84 per 1,000 persons) had a TE diagnosis code (DC) recorded on the same day as HIG administration. Unadjusted same‐day TE DC rates (per 1,000 persons) ranged from 0.4 to 148.9 for different products. GamaSTAN S/D IG >10 cc had statistically significantly higher same‐day TE DC risk compared to Tetanus IG (OR = 57.57; 95% CI = 19.72–168.10). Increased TE risk was also observed with older age (≥45 years), prior thrombotic events, and hypercoagulable state(s). Laboratory investigation identified elevated Factor XIa activity for GamaSTAN S/D, HepaGam B, HyperHep B S/D, WinRho SDF, HyperRHO S/D full dose, and HyperTET S/D. Our study, for the first time, identified increase in the same‐day TE DC risk with GamaSTAN S/D IG >10 cc and suggests potentially elevated TE risk with other HIGs. Am. J. Hematol. 88:1035–1040, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The cognitive ability of extinct hominins: Bringing down the hierarchy using genomic evidences
Authors: Paixão‐Côrtes Vanessa R. , Viscardi Lucas Henriques , Salzano Francisco Mauro , Cátira bortolini Maria , Hünemeier Tábita
Published: August 2013

Background

The availability of the full genomes of Homo sapiens, Homo neanderthalensis, and Denisovans, as well as modern bioinformatic tools, are opening new possibilities for the understanding of the differences and similarities present in these taxa.

Methods

We searched for cognitive genes, examined their status in the genomes of these three entities. All substitutions present among them were retrieved.

Results

We found 93 nonsynonymous substitutions in 51 cognitive genes, in which the derived allele was present in archaic and modern humans and the ancestral allele in other nonhuman primates.

Conclusions

The general picture obtained is of similarity in cognitive genes between extinct and extant humans. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 25:702‐705, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence for novel genetic loci associated with metabolic traits in Yup'ik people
Authors: Aslibekyan Stella , Vaughan Laura Kelly , Wiener Howard W. , Lemas Dominick J. , Klimentidis Yann C. , Havel Peter J. , Stanhope Kimber L. , O'brien Diane M. , Hopkins Scarlett E. , Boyer Bert B. , Tiwari Hemant K.
Published: August 2013

Objectives

To identify genomic regions associated with fasting plasma lipid profiles, insulin, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin in a Yup'ik study population, and to evaluate whether the observed associations between genetic factors and metabolic traits were modified by dietary intake of marine derived omega‐3 polyunsaturated acids (n‐3 PUFA).

Methods

A genome‐wide linkage scan was conducted among 982 participants of the Center for Alaska Native Health Research study. n‐3 PUFA intake was estimated using the nitrogen stable isotope ratio (δ15N) of erythrocytes. All genotyped SNPs located within genomic regions with LOD scores > 2 were subsequently tested for individual SNP associations with metabolic traits using linear models that account for familial correlation as well as age, sex, community group, and n‐3 PUFA intake. Separate linear models were fit to evaluate interactions between the genotype of interest and n‐3 PUFA intake.

Results

We identified several chromosomal regions linked to serum apolipoprotein A2, high density lipoprotein‐, low density lipoprotein‐, and total cholesterol, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin. Genetic variants found to be associated with total cholesterol mapped to a region containing previously validated lipid loci on chromosome 19, and additional novel peaks of biological interest were identified at 11q12.2–11q13.2. We did not observe any significant interactions between n‐3 PUFA intake, genotypes, and metabolic traits.

Conclusions

We have completed a whole genome linkage scan for metabolic traits in Native Alaskans, confirming previously identified loci, and offering preliminary evidence of novel loci implicated in chronic disease pathogenesis in this population. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 25:673‐680, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief communication: Effect of size biases in the coefficient of variation on assessing intraspecific variability in the prosimian skeleton
Authors: Fulwood Ethan L. , Kramer Andrew
Published: July 2013

This study examines the effect of a measurement size bias in coefficients of variation on the evaluation of intraspecific skeletal variability in a sample of eight prosimian species (Eulemur fulvus, Hapalemur griseus, Lemur catta, Varecia variegata, Galago senegalensis, Otolemur crassicaudatus, Nycticebus coucang, and Tarsius syrichta). Measurements with smaller means were expected to have higher coefficients of variation (CVs) due to the impact of instrumental precision on the ability to assess variability. This was evaluated by testing for a negative correlation between CVs and means in the total sample, within each species, and within each measurement, and by testing for the leveraging impact of small measurements on the significance of comparisons of variability between regions of the prosimian skeleton. Three comparisons were made: cranial versus postcranial variability, epiphysis versus diaphysis variability, and forelimb versus hindlimb variability. CVs were significantly negatively correlated with means within the total sample (r2= 0.208, P < 0.0001) and within each species. CVs and means were significantly correlated within only three of the measurements, which may reflect the relatively low body size range of the species studied. As predicted by the higher variability of smaller measurements, removing the smallest measurements from comparisons of variable classes containing measurements of different mean magnitudes pushed the comparisons below significance. These results indicate caution should be exercised when using CVs to assess variability across sets of measurements with different means. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:151–155, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of human upper airway epithelial progenitors
Authors: Bravo Dawn T. , Soudry Ethan , Edward Justin A. , Le Wei , Nguyen Alan L. , Hwang Peter H. , Sanyal Mrinmoy , Nayak Jayakar V.
Published: July 2013

Background

New epithelial cells are generated through the proliferation and differentiation of resident progenitor cells in the nasal cavity. In several upper airway diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis, self‐renewing progenitor cells may be functionally defective, or compromised in their ability, to regenerate cells that maintain normal mucociliary clearance. Herein, we describe our early work to define and characterize a rare population of human nasal epithelial putative progenitors.

Methods

Single‐cell suspensions of human ethmoid sinus tissues were prepared following endoscopic sinus surgery. Cell surface antibodies were analyzed as candidate markers for detecting progenitor cells. A panel of antibodies, including epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM, epithelial cells), CD45 (hematopoietic cells), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR/CD271), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM1/CD54), and integrin‐α6 (ITGA6/CD49f) were used to resolve epithelial progenitor candidates by high‐dimensional flow cytometry and the gating technique of fluorescence minus one (FMO) controls.

Results

A rare population of approximately 0.06% of total ethmoid cells was discriminated as EpCAM−CD45−NGFR+ICAM1+ by surface markers. Use of ITGA6 was excluded based on FMO control analysis. This lineage‐negative population was purified to 99% homogeneity by cell sorting and analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Sorted cells were subsequently confirmed to uniformly express the transcription factor p63. Upon in vitro culture, lineage‐negative clonal cells were confirmed to spontaneously differentiate into epithelial lineage‐positive cells.

Conclusion

Using the NGFR and ICAM1 cellular coordinates, we have identified a promising population of native human nasal epithelial progenitor cells that require more formal investigation for their role in upper airway regeneration.
Characterization and anticorrosive properties of poly(2,3‐dimethylaniline)/Na+‐montmorillonite composite prepared by emulsion polymerization
Authors: Ma Li , Fu Dan‐Dan , Gan Meng‐Yu , Zhang Feng , Li Zhi‐Tao , Li Sha
Published: July 2013

Composites of Poly(2,3‐dimethylaniline) and inorganic Na+‐montmorillonite clay were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. The as‐synthesized composites (PDMA) were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The protective performance against corrosion of the samples was evaluated by Tafel and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results showed that the composite containing 5 wt. % of clay loading (PDMA‐5%) displayed a better anticorrosive performance than other samples. The Epoxy(E) blend with PDMA‐5% (EPM5) coating was founded to have a higher corrosion potential and a lower current density than that of Epoxy blend P(2,3‐DMA) (EP) coating. The impedance value of EPM5 coating was about 6.68×106Ω·cm2 in 5 wt. % NaCl solution even after 288 h, compared to EP (4.26×105Ω·cm2) coating, which went to show that the corrosion inhibition of P(2,3‐DMA) could be effectively enhanced by incorporating MMT into the P(2,3‐DMA) matrix. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4528–4533, 2013
Effect of bamboo charcoal powder on the curing characteristics, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of styrene–butadiene rubber with bamboo charcoal powder
Authors: Meng Xianghai , Zhang Yihe , Lu Jinbo , Zhang Zhilei , Liu Leipeng , Chu Paul K.
Published: July 2013

Compounds of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) filled with bamboo charcoal powders (BCPs) were prepared with a laboratory‐sized two‐roll mill. The effects of the BCP loading on the curing characteristics and mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. The results indicate that the addition of BCP resulted in a longer curing time and a higher Mooney viscosity in the SBR materials. The incorporation of BCP into SBR improved the mechanical properties and dynamic properties. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates after thermal aging were also studied, and the experimental results indicate that most of the mechanical properties improved after thermal aging. The overall results indicate that BCP could be used as a cheaper filler for SBR materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4534–4541, 2013
Synthesis and characterization of a chitosan ligand for the removal of copper from aqueous media
Authors: Reddy Desireddy Harikishore Kumar , Lee Seung‐Mok
Published: July 2013

A novel chitosan derivative, 8‐hydroxyquinioline‐2‐carboxaldehydechitosan (CSHQ) Schiff base, was synthesized by a simple condensation process. The structure of the resulting product was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid‐state 13C‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Further, the synthesized CSHQ Schiff base was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The adsorption of Cu(II) onto CSHQ was strongly dependent on the pH value, and the optimum pH value obtained was pH 5. Among the pseudo‐first‐order (PFO), pseudo‐second‐order (PSO), and intraparticle diffusion model simulation, the experimental data followed PSO kinetics well. The Cu(II) adsorption process onto CSHQ obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model well rather than the Freundlich and Sips isotherm models; this suggested that a monolayer adsorption occurred on the surface of CSHQ. From the overall results, we found that Cu(II) was adsorbed onto CSHQ through oxygen, nitrogen and pyridine nitrogen donor atoms and that CSHQ could be a promising adsorbent for water treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4542–4550, 2013
Near‐infrared activation of semi‐crystalline shape memory polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Le Duy M. , Tycon Michael A. , Fecko Christopher J. , Ashby Valerie S.
Published: July 2013

Recently, indirect activation of the shape memory effect has become an increasingly popular triggering modality for shape memory polymer biomaterials. Amongst the known methods for remote activation, near‐infrared radiation (NIR) remains relatively unexplored, specifically for semicrystalline materials, which possess sharp thermal transitions. Herein, poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) networks were photo‐polymerized from branched precursors doped with 150 nm surface modified gold nanoshells with a surface plasmon resonance of approximately 800 nm. The effect of nanoparticle loading on the thermal, mechanical, and shape memory properties of the PCL matrix were examined. The PCL nanocomposites exhibited excellent shape fixation and nearly quantitative shape memory recovery in response to low intensity NIR irradiation. Further, the heat dissipated by the irradiated nanocomposites to the surrounding medium was found to reach a maximum at biologically relevant temperatures. As such, this nanocomposite system represents a highly attractive candidate for many biomedical shape memory applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4551–4557, 2013
HDPE‐Fly Ash/Nano Fly Ash Composites
Authors: Satapathy Sukanya , Nando Golok Bihari , Nag Ahin , Raju K. V. S. N.
Published: July 2013

Fly ash (FA) based polymer composites are assuming increasing importance because of its potentiality, fine particle size and plenty availability of FA. FA is mainly a mixture of inorganic metal oxides such as SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, TiO2, and so forth. This article highlights the results of the various modifications onto the HDPE‐FA/nano structured FA (NFA) composites. When FA and NFA are melt blended with HDPE it gives rise to improved flexural properties only. Further modifications, that is, Maleic anhydride (MA) grafting of the matrix, electron beam irradiation of the composite and irradiation of the FA/NFA studied separately to find their impact on the detail properties of the composite. Of the three modifications implemented the electron beam irradiation of HDPE‐FA/NFA composite yielded excellent physico‐mechanical, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties. Fracture surface analysis of the HDPE, unmodified and modified FA/NFA composites studied employing SEM correlated well with the physico‐mechanical properties. The results prove that FA is valuable reinforcing filler for HDPE and its size reduction to nano level is a more effective criterion for its future use. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4558–4567, 2013
Characterization of MAO‐Modified Silicas for Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Mortazavi Mohamad Mehdi , Ahmadjo Saeid , Santos Joao Henrique Zimnoch Dos , Arabi Hassan , Nekoomanesh Mehdi , Zohuri Gholam Hossein , Brambilla Rodrigo , Galland Griselda Barrera
Published: July 2013

A series of methylaluminoxane (MAO)‐modified PQ and EP 12 silicas, calcined at 110, 250, and 450°C, were prepared. The resulting MAO‐modified supports were characterized by a set of complementary techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX), small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The Al/Si ratios of the MAO‐modified PQ and EP12 silicas were in the ranges of 0.19–0.27 wt % and 0.17–0.30 wt %, respectively. MAO‐modified silicas were used in the polymerization of ethylene using an Et2IndZrCl2 catalyst. The MAO‐modified PQ silica showed higher activity in comparison to the MAO‐modified EP12. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4568–4575, 2013
Plasticized poly(lactic acid) with low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol): Mechanical, thermal, and morphology properties
Authors: Chieng Buong Woei , Ibrahim Nor Azowa , Yunus Wan Md Zin Wan , Hussein Mohd Zobir
Published: July 2013

Poly(lactic acid) PLA was plasticized with low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) PEG‐200 to improve the ductility of PLA, while maintaining the plasticizer content at maximum 10 wt%. Low molecular weight of PEG enables increased miscibility with PLA and more efficient reduction of glass transition temperature (Tg). This effect is enhanced not only by the low molecular weight but also by its higher content. The tensile properties demonstrated that the addition of PEG‐200 to PLA led to an increase of elongation at break (>7000%), but a decrease of both tensile strength and tensile modulus. The plasticization of the PLA with PEG‐200 effectively lowers Tg as well as cold‐crystallization temperature, increasing with plasticizer content. SEM micrographs reveal plastic deformation and few long threads of a deformed material are discernible on the fracture surface. The use of low molecular weight PEG‐200 reduces the intermolecular force and increases the mobility of the polymeric chains, thereby improving the flexibility and plastic deformation of PLA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4576–4580, 2013
Medical students' reactions to anatomic dissection and the phenomenon of cadaver naming
Authors: Williams Austin D. , Greenwald Emily E. , Soricelli Rhonda L. , DePace Dennis M.
Published: August 2013

The teaching of gross anatomy has, for centuries, relied on the dissection of human cadavers, and this formative experience is known to evoke strong emotional responses. The authors hypothesized that the phenomenon of cadaver naming is a coping mechanism used by medical students and that it correlates with other attitudes about dissection and body donation. The authors developed a 33‐question electronic survey to which 1,156 medical students at 12 medical schools in the United States voluntarily responded (November 2011–March 2012). They also surveyed course directors from each institution regarding their curricula and their observations of students' coping mechanisms. The majority of students (574, 67.8%) named their cadaver. Students most commonly cited the cadaver's age as the reason they chose a particular name for the cadaver. A minority of the students who did not name the cadaver reported finding the practice of naming disrespectful. Almost all students indicated that they would have liked to know more about their donor, particularly his or her medical history. Finally, students who knew the birth name of the donor used it less frequently than predicted. The authors found that the practice of naming cadavers is extremely prevalent among medical students and that inventive naming serves as a beneficial coping mechanism. The authors suggest that developing a method of providing students with more information about their cadaver while protecting the anonymity of the donor and family would be useful. Anat Sci Educ 7: 169–180. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.
Catabolism of coffee chlorogenic acids by human colonic microbiota
Authors: Ludwig Iziar A. , Paz de Peña Maria , Concepción Cid , Alan Crozier
Published: August 2013

Several studies have indicated potential health benefits associated with coffee consumption. These benefits might be ascribed in part to the chlorogenic acids (CGAs), the main (poly)phenols in coffee. The impact of these dietary (poly)phenols on health depends on their bioavailability. As they pass along the gastrointestinal tract, CGAs are metabolized extensively and it is their metabolites rather than the parent compounds that predominate in the circulatory system. This article reports on a study in which after incubation of espresso coffee with human fecal samples, high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) were used to monitor CGA breakdown and identify and quantify the catabolites produced by the colonic microflora. The CGAs were rapidly degraded by the colonic microflora and over the 6‐h incubation period, 11 catabolites were identified and quantified. The appearance of the initial degradation products, caffeic and ferulic acids, was transient, with maximum quantities at 1 h. Dihydrocaffeic acid, dihydroferulic acid, and 3‐(3′‐hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid were the major end products, comprising 75–83% of the total catabolites, whereas the remaining 17–25% consisted of six minor catabolites. The rate and extent of the degradation showed a clear influence of the composition of the gut microbiota of individual volunteers. Pathways involved in colonic catabolism of CGAs are proposed and comparison with studies on the bioavailability of coffee CGAs ingested by humans helped distinguish between colonic catabolites and phase II metabolites of CGAs. © 2013 BioFactors, 39(6):623–632, 2013
FiberNet—A new embolic protection device for carotid artery stenting
Authors: Bauer C. , Franke J. , Bertog S.C. , Woerner V. , Ghasemzadeh‐Asl S. , Sievert H.
Published: July 2013

Background

Though distal filter protection during carotid stenting reduces the risk of cerebrovascular events, periprocedural stroke remains a risk despite their broad usage. This observation may be related to the pore size of common filters. The FiberNet distal filter system is unique by its very small pore size (40 µm) as well as its low profile and flexibility. Little data is available regarding the clinical performance and safety of this device.

Purpose

The aim was the evaluation of the safety of the FiberNet embolic protection system during carotid artery stenting.

Methods

All consecutive patients treated with carotid stenting at our institution using the FiberNet device were systematically followed. Primary endpoint was the rate of all death and stroke within 30 days of the procedure.

Results

Carotid artery stenting using the FiberNet embolic protection system was performed in 54 patients. The procedure was technical successful in all patients. Three patients (5.5%) had a TIA. Amauosis fugax occurred in two patients (3.7%). One patient (1.9%) had a minor stroke with hemiparesis of the left arm and face which resolved completely within 48 hr after the procedure. No patient died or suffered a major stroke.

Conclusion

The safety and feasibility of the FiberNet distal protection system appears to be at least equivalent to that reported in studies using conventional distal filter protection. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mass Transfer Phenomena in Micellar Multiphase Systems Investigated for a Hydroformylation Reaction
Authors: Hamerla Tobias , Paul Niklas , Kraume Matthias , Schomäcker Reinhard
Published: July 2013

Grundlegende Überlegungen zum Einfluss des Stofftransports in mizellaren Mehrphasenreaktionen werden diskutiert und am Beispiel der Hydroformylierung eines langkettigen Olefins gezeigt. Zur Aufklärung der ablaufenden Transportmechanismen muss der Dispersionszustand des mizellaren Mehrphasensystems charakterisiert werden. Hierzu werden Bilder mithilfe einer Endoskopmesstechnik aufgenommen und Leitfähigkeitsmessungen durchgeführt. Anschließend sollen mithilfe von kla‐Wert‐Messungen schematische Konzentrationsprofile erarbeitet werden, die zur Aufklärung der Stofftransportwege betragen sollen. Der Einfluss des Stofftransports auf die Hydroformylierung wird durch die Abhängigkeit der Rührerdrehfrequenz auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit untersucht.
Comparative Removal of Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solution by Electro‐Fenton and Electro‐Fenton‐Like Processes
Authors: Nidheesh Puthiya Veetil , Gandhimathi Rajan
Published: July 2013

Recently, electro‐Fenton (EF) process has received great attention in the field of wastewater treatment. Removal of rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solution has been investigated by EF and EF‐like process in graphite‐graphite EF system. Efficiencies of Fe0, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and Mn2+ as Fenton and Fenton‐like catalysts for removing RhB from aqueous solution were compared. Effects of operating parameters such as solution pH, catalyst concentration, electrolysis time and applied voltage on dye removal were analyzed. It has been demonstrated that more than 90% dye removal was obtained after 180 min electrolysis at an optimal solution pH 3 for EF process and 2.5 for EF‐like process. Model predicted values for first order kinetics were very near to experimental values than that of pseudo second order kinetic model, suggesting that EF and EF like process follows first order kinetics. The rate of RhB removal at optimum catalysts concentrations follows the order of Fe0 > Mn2+ > Fe3+ > Fe2+ > Cu2+. In contrary to this, Fe3+ was found as the best catalyst for the RhB removal with a less optimal concentration of 5 mg/L. The present study demonstrated that EF and EF‐like processes are promising technologies for the treatment of dyes from aqueous solution.
Glutathione transferase theta in apical ciliary tuft regulates mechanical reception and swimming behavior of Sea Urchin Embryos
Authors: Jin Yinhua , Yaguchi Shunsuke , Shiba Kogiku , Yamada Lixy , Yaguchi Junko , Shibata Daisuke , Sawada Hitoshi , Inaba Kazuo
Published: August 2013

An apical tuft, which is observed in a wide range of embryos/larvae of marine invertebrates, is composed of a group of cilia that are longer and less motile than the abundant lateral cilia covering the rest of the embryonic surface. Although the apical tuft has been thought to function as a sensory organ, its molecular composition and roles are poorly understood. Here, we identified a glutathione transferase theta (GSTT) as an abundant and specific component of the apical tuft in sea urchin embryos. The expression of GSTT mRNA increases and becomes limited to the animal plate of the mesenchyme blastula, gastrula, and prism larva. Electron microscopy and tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated that the apical tuft contains almost every axonemal component for ciliary motility. Low concentrations of an inhibitor of glutathione transferase bromosulphophthalein (BSP) induce bending of apical tuft, suggesting that GSTT regulates motility of apical tuft cilia. Embryos treated with BSP swim with normal velocity and trajectories but show less efficiency of changing direction when they collide with an object. These results suggest that GSTT in the apical tuft plays an important role in the mechanical reception for the motility regulation of lateral motile cilia in sea urchin embryos. © 2013 The Authors. Cytoskeleton, Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of spatial correlations between patterns of DNA damage response and DNA replication in nuclei of cells subjected to replication stress or oxidative damage
Authors: Bernas Tytus , Berniak Krzysztof , Rybak Paulina , Zarębski Mirosław , Zhao Hong , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew , Dobrucki Jerzy W.
Published: July 2013

Sites of DNA replication (EdU incorporation) and DNA damage signaling (γH2AX) induced by camptothecin (Cpt) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) form characteristic patterns of foci in cell nuclei. The overlap between these patterns is a function of the number of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) formed in replication sites. The goal of this study was to optimize a method of quantitative assessment of a degree of correlation between these two patterns. Such a correlation can be used to estimate a probability of inducing damage in sections of replicating DNA. The damage and replication foci are imaged in 3D with confocal microscopy and their respective positions within nuclei are determined with adaptive image segmentation. Using correlation functions spatial proximity of the resultant point patterns is quantified over the range of distances in cells in early‐, mid‐ and late S‐phase. As the numbers (and nuclear densities) of γH2AX and replication foci differ significantly in the subsequent substages of S phase, the detected association values were corrected for the expected random overlap between both classes of foci. Thus, the probability of their nonrandom association was estimated. Moreover, self association (clustering) of DNA replication sites in different stages of S‐phase of the cell cycle was detected and accounted for. While the analysis revealed a strong correlation between the γH2AX foci and the sites of DNA replication in cells treated with Cpt, only a low correlation was apparent in cells exposed to H2O2. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma associated FGFR1 rearrangement myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Patel Rishi A. , Sheehan Andrea M. , Finch Christie J. , Lopez‐Terrada Dolores , Hernandez Vivian S. , Curry Choladda V.
Published: August 2013

FNA of T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma associated FGFR1 rearranged MPN Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:45–48. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synaptic plasticity and signaling in rett syndrome
Authors: Della Sala Grazia , Pizzorusso Tommaso
Published: August 2013

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a disorder that is caused in the majority of cases by mutations in the gene methyl‐CpG‐binding protein‐2 (MeCP2). Children with RTT are generally characterized by normal development up to the first year and a half of age, after which they undergo a rapid regression marked by a deceleration of head growth, the onset of stereotyped hand movements, irregular breathing, and seizures. Animal models of RTT with good construct and face validity are available. Their analysis showed that homeostatic regulation of MeCP2 gene is necessary for normal CNS functioning and that multiple complex pathways involving different neuronal and glial cell types are disrupted in RTT models. However, it is increasingly clear that RTT pathogenetic mechanisms converge at synaptic level impairing synaptic transmission and plasticity. We review novel findings showing how specific synaptic mechanisms and related signaling pathways are affected in RTT models. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 178–196, 2014
Normal gray and white matter volume after weight restoration in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Lázaro Luisa , Andrés Susana , Calvo Anna , Cullell Clàudia , Moreno Elena , Plana M Teresa , Falcón Carles , Bargalló Núria , Castro‐Fornieles Josefina
Published: August 2013

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether treated, weight‐stabilized adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) present brain volume differences in comparison with healthy controls.

Method

Thirty‐five adolescents with weight‐recovered AN and 17 healthy controls were assessed by means of psychopathology scales and magnetic resonance imaging. Axial three‐dimensional T1‐weighted images were obtained in a 1.5 Tesla scanner and analyzed using optimized voxel‐based morphometry (VBM).

Results

There were no significant differences between controls and weight‐stabilized AN patients with regard to global volumes of either gray or white brain matter, or in the regional VBM study. Differences were not significant between patients with psychopharmacological treatment and without, between those with amenorrhea and without, as well as between patients with restrictive versus purgative AN.

Discussion

The present findings reveal no global or regional gray or white matter abnormalities in this sample of adolescents following weight restoration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:841–848)
Different modes of evolution in males and females generate dichromatism in fairy‐wrens (Maluridae)
Authors: Johnson Allison E. , Jordan Price J. , Pruett‐Jones Stephen
Published: August 2013

Sexual dichromatism in birds is often attributed to selection for elaboration in males. However, evolutionary changes in either sex can result in plumage differences between them, and such changes can result in either gains or losses of dimorphism. We reconstructed the evolution of plumage colors in both males and females of species inMaluridae, a family comprising the fairy‐wrens (Malurus,Clytomias,Sipodotus), emu‐wrens (Stipiturus), and grasswrens (Amytornis). Our results show that, across species, males and females differ in their patterns of color evolution. Male plumage has diverged at relatively steady rates, whereas female coloration has changed dramatically in some lineages and little in others. Accordingly, in comparisons against evolutionary models, plumage changes in males best fit aBrownian motion (BM) model, whereas plumage changes in females fit anOrnsteinUhlenbeck (OU) multioptimum model, with different adaptive peaks corresponding to distributions in eitherAustralia orNewGuinea. Levels of dichromatism were significantly associated with latitude, with greater dichromatism in more southerly taxa. Our results suggest that current patterns of plumage diversity in fairy‐wrens are a product of evolutionary changes in both sexes, driven in part by environmental differences across the distribution of the family.
Seismic reliability assessment of urban water networks
Authors: Fragiadakis Michalis , Christodoulou Symeon E.
Published: August 2013

We present a framework for the seismic risk assessment of water supply networks, operating in either normal or abnormal conditions. We propose a methodology for assessing the reliability of water pipe networks combining data of past non‐seismic damage and the vulnerability of the network components against seismic loading. Historical data are obtained using records of damages that occur on a daily basis throughout the network and are processed to produce‘survival curves’, depicting their estimated survival rate over time. The fragility of the network components is assessed using the approach suggested in the American Lifelines Alliance guidelines. The network reliability is assessed using graph theory, whereas the system network reliability is calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. The methodology proposed is demonstrated both on a simple, small‐scale, network and also on a real‐scale district metered area from the water network of the city of Limassol, Cyprus. The proposed approach allows the estimation of the probability that the network fails to provide the desired level of service and allows the prioritization of retrofit interventions and of capacity‐upgrade actions pertaining to existing water pipe networks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UNCOVERING THE COMMON RISK‐FREE RATE IN THE EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION
Authors: Wagenvoort Rien J. L. M. , Zwart Sanne
Published: August 2013

We introduce longitudinal factor analysis (LFA) to extract the common risk‐free (CRF) rate from a sample of sovereign bonds of countries in a monetary union. Since LFA exploits the typically very large longitudinal dimension of bond data, it performs better than traditional factor analysis methods that rely on the much smaller cross‐sectional dimension. European sovereign bond yields for the period 2006–2011 are decomposed into a CRF rate, a default risk premium and a liquidity risk premium. Our empirical findings suggest that investors chase both credit quality and liquidity, and that they price double default risk on credit default swaps. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lower Cortical Porosity and Higher Tissue Mineral Density in Chinese American Versus White Women
Authors: Boutroy Stephanie , Walker Marcella D , Liu X Sherry , McMahon Donald J , Liu George , Guo X Edward , Bilezikian John P
Published: August 2013

Asian women have lower rates of hip and forearm fractures compared to other racial groups despite lower areal bone mineral density (aBMD). We have demonstrated microarchitectural differences, including greater cortical thickness (Ct.Th) and cortical volumetric BMD (Ct.BMD), in Chinese American versus white women. Yet it is not known whether greater Ct.BMD in Chinese American women is a result of greater tissue mineral density (TMD) or reduced cortical porosity (Ct.Po). Using an advanced segmentation algorithm based on high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) images, we tested the hypothesis that Chinese American women have better cortical skeletal integrity owing to lower Ct.Po and higher Ct.TMD compared with white women. A total of 78 Chinese American women (49 premenopausal and 29 postmenopausal) and 114 white women (46 premenopausal and 68 postmenopausal) were studied. Premenopausal Chinese American versus white women had greater Ct.Th, Ct.BMD, and Ct.TMD at both the radius and tibia, and decreased Ct.Po (p < 0.05). A similar pattern was observed between postmenopausal Chinese American and white women. As expected, postmenopausal versus premenopausal women had lower Ct.BMD at the radius and tibia in both races (p < 0.001). Ct.Po largely increased between premenopausal and postmenopausal women, whereas Ct.TMD decreased by 3% to 8% (p < 0.001) in both races. Age-related differences in Ct.Po and Ct.TMD did not differ by race. In summary, both reduced Ct.Po and greater Ct.TMD explain higher Ct.BMD in Chinese American versus white women. Thicker and preserved cortical bone structure in Chinese American women may contribute to greater resistance to fracture compared to white women. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Proton impact ionization and a fast calculation method
Authors: Fang Xiaohua , Lummerzheim Dirk , Jackman Charles H.
Published: August 2013

We present a coupled Monte Carlo and multistream model simulating primary ionization and secondary electron ionization, respectively, from energetic proton precipitation in the Earth's upper atmosphere. Good agreement is obtained with previous model results. It is found that while secondary electrons make a negligible contribution to ionization from low‐energy (≤10 keV) auroral proton precipitation, their importance increases with increasing incident proton energy, confirming earlier findings. It becomes significant or even comparable to primary ionization from protons and generated hydrogen atoms in charge‐changing collisions. Our calculations of the mean energy loss per ion pair production show a nearly monotonic increase with incident proton energy, ranging from about 22 eV to 33 eV when incident energy increases from 100 eV to 1 MeV. To facilitate a fast calculation in large‐scale computations, we develop a parameterization for total (primary plus secondary) ionization from monoenergetic proton precipitation. This is obtained by fitting to a large set of numerical results from the coupled model. The quick method applies to a wide energy range of 100 eV to 1 MeV for incident monoenergetic protons, and its validity has been extensively tested under a variety of background atmospheric conditions. Our new parameterization can be used to rapidly calculate the ionization altitude profile from precipitating protons with any spectral distributions without any significant compromise in accuracy. By considering branching ratios of ionized atmospheric species, the fast calculation method is thus useful for self‐consistently including proton impact effects in large community models.