bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE PROCESSES IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY OF THE ORENBURG REGION
Authors: Karagodin Dmitriy , Klychova Guzaliya , Ostaev Gamlet , Zakirova Alsu , Cyguleva Mariya
Published: April 2023

The priorities of agriculture development in the emerging social and economic conditions are scientific and technological progress and innovative processes that ensure consistent technological and technical renewal of all branches of agro-industrial production. The main goal of innovative development of animal husbandry is to ensure the food independence of the state and meet the needs of the population in high-quality environmentally friendly food. The intensity and specialization of animal husbandry requires the development of fundamentally new technologies, and the existing economic mechanism for activating innovative processes does not provide the necessary pace of their introduction into production. Investments in fixed assets of the agricultural sector of Orenburg region for the period 2017-2021 increased by 93.5%, the share of investments in agriculture increased by 1.58 percentage points and amounted to 3.6%. The costs of research and development in agricultural sciences in the region in 2021 amounted to 255.6 million rubles, which is 44.6% more than in 2017. All this testifies to the strengthening of the innovative development of the industry in Orenburg region in recent years, but there remain insurmountable barriers associated with a lack of funding, with weak technological infrastructure, and a low level of digital literacy in rural areas. The structure of financing innovative and technological measures for the development of animal husbandry in the region is dominated by its own resources, but they are not enough to organize modern competitive production. The shortage of own sources of formation of fixed and working capital has been and remains the main problem of the deterioration of technical means and low rates of innovative transformation of agricultural sectors.
TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL RE-EQUIPMENT AS THE BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Subaeva Asiya , Vodyannikov Vladimir , Chutcheva Yuliya , Eder Aleksandr
Published: April 2023

Technical and technological re-equipment in modern conditions must be perceived as a process of increasing the technical equipment of economic sectors by replacing physically and morally obsolete and worn-out machines and equipment with intelligent technology, the use of more advanced production methods to increase labor productivity and reduce costs. Coupling the predictive stages of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 with technological modes allows us to correlate the fifth technological cycle with the stages of innovative development in order to simultaneously transfer the technical potential of economic sectors from the fifth to the sixth technological mode. It involves the digital transformation of technology as the basis for the development of an innovative economy, which provides favorable conditions for the transfer of domestic digital technologies into production, the technological sovereignty of the industry and the country's food security. The use of agricultural machines equipped with high-tech, innovative designs and solutions in the conditions of a real agricultural business will contribute to the large-scale digitalization of the industry, which serves as a significant trend in the development of the domestic economy. The empirical and comparative research methods used have revealed the need to take measures to accelerate the process of transition to a new technological method of production based on intelligent technology using new types of energy, digitization of jobs and production of technotronic equipment in order to neo-industrialize the country in the period from 2021 to 2030.
STUDY OF THE DON AUTOCHTHONOUS GRAPE VARIETY TSIMLYANSKY BELYY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER DON
Authors: Naumova Lyudmila , Ganich Valentina
Published: April 2023

The study was carried out in order to assess the agrobiological and uvological indicators of the rare autochthonous Don grape variety Tsimlyansky Belyy, growing in the conditions of the Lower Don, and can be used to expand the raw material resource in the production of quality wines and as a valuable genetic material for grape breeding. The experiments were performed on the ampelographic collection (Rostov region) in 2015-2021, according to generally accepted methods and GOST. The bushes are grafted onto the rootstock Kober 5BB. Varieties are cultivated in a covering culture. It has been established that under these growing conditions, Tsimlyansky Belyy variety has an early ripening period (117 days), and the control variety Sibir'kovyy has an early-middle period ripening of berries (128 days). According to the results of agrobiological surveys, good overwintering and fruitfulness of plants were noted, the percentage of fruiting buds in Tsimlyansky Belyy variety was at the level of 72.7%, and in Sibir'kovyy variety - 66.2%. In terms of the percentage of fruitful shoots and the fruitfulness ratio, the differences were not significant and amounted to 5.8% and 0.1, respectively. The yield of the studied variety Tsimlyansky Belyy was 91 centners/ha, in the control variety - 86 centners/ha. The characteristics of grape were practically at the same level (medium sugar content - 20.6 g/100 cm3 for Tsimlyansky Belyy variety and 20.2 g/100 cm3 for the Sibir'kovyy variety; and the acidity of the varieties was low: Tsimlyansky Belyy - 6.4 g/dm3, Sibir'kovyy - 6.3 g/dm3). The wine from Tsimlyansky Belyy variety has a pale straw color, with a shine, has delicate floral and honey notes in the aroma, turning into the taste. The taste is full and harmonious. Tasting score 8.6 points. Wine from the control variety Sibir'kovyy received a tasting score of 8.7 points. In 2022, Tsimlyansky Belyy grape variety is included in the State Register of Russian varieties approved for use, has a high agrobiological potential in the climatic conditions of the Lower Don region, and can be used to expand the raw material resource in the production of quality wines, and as a valuable genetic material for grape breeding.
EVALUATION OF SIGNS OF VINEY LAND BY SPECTRAL PATTERNS
Authors: Orlov Vitaliy , Luk'yanov Aleksey
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the study is to determine the necessary set of estimated signs of vineyards with terroir properties based on the generalization of literary sources and the setting up of field experience in the application of spectral indices from satellite images. The use of spectral data on the state of soils, plants and the environment makes it possible to evaluate the growth force of bushes and the yield of vineyards by difference normalized indices. Spectral analysis of vineyards using satellite images allows obtaining data on the vegetative and moisture variability of vine plantations with a frequency of 2-7 days. The correct interpretation of spectral satellite images is possible when they are verified by ground studies of soil indicators, vegetation of bushes by phenophases, agricultural work performed in the aisle, soil, air and leaf moisture. In the future, verification of satellite and ground-based data will reduce the number of route-field surveys and laboratory tests. To solve this problem, spectral data from the public satellite platforms Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 must be calibrated using ground samples from sample plots of vineyard lands with terroir properties, which are defined as spectral patterns (samples) of vineyards. The presence of a relationship between soil moisture, leaf area and yield makes it possible, on the basis of the normalized NDVI vegetation index and NDMI soil moisture, to determine the micro-sites of vine plantations of different productivity and quality of grape harvest. Microzoning of the area according to such parameters as physical and chemical composition, soil moisture, morphometry, exposure and slope slopes makes it possible to identify viticultural areas with terroir properties. Identification of the boundaries and areas of vineyards with terroir properties using spectral raster satellite images with vectorization of difference soil layers in a geographic information system allows you to quickly assess viable lands, the productivity of various areas of vineyards and optimize agricultural work in accordance with a precision approach in viticulture.
CHANGES IN THERMAL RESOURCES OF THE VEGETATION PERIOD AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Authors: Serzhanova Al'bina , Gilyazov Minnegali , Shaykhutdinov Farit , Serzhanov Igor
Published: April 2023

The article presents the results of long-term studies (1982-2018) on the assessment of changes in thermal resources during the growing season and the indication of their impact on the yield of spring wheat. The work was carried out in the conditions of the northern part of the Middle Volga region on gray forest soils. The soil of the experimental site is gray forest medium loamy, the content of humus (according to Tyurin) is 2.8...3.2%, mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Kirsanov) - 105...184 and 79...149 mg /100 g of soil, respectively, pH- 5.6...5.8. During the observation period, the highest temperature increase was recorded in July (2.4°C) and May (2.2°C), and the lowest in June (1.0°C). The sum of effective temperatures over 10°C increased by 500°C during the study period. The yield of spring wheat grown without fertilizers varied greatly in different years, ranging from 0.99 to 2.97 t/ha. The highest value of this indicator was observed at an average monthly air temperature of about 13 0C in May, 17 0C in June, 18 0c in July, and the sum of active temperatures was 1800 0c. The studied thermal resources, in accordance with the significance of the impact on the yield of spring wheat, can be arranged in the following descending order: average air temperature in June > average air temperature in July > the sum of effective temperatures above 10 °C > average air temperature in May. To describe the dependence of the yield of spring wheat grain on thermal resources, in three cases out of four, a polynomial equation of the second degree was better suited, and in one case, an exponential equation.
INFLUENCE OF COPPER-CONTAINING AGROCHEMICAL ON GRAPE PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS
Authors: Arestova Natalya , Ryabchun Irina
Published: April 2023

The studies were carried out to determine the biological effectiveness and fungicidal activity of the copper-containing agrochemical, as well as its effect on productivity of grape plants. The work was carried out in Rostov region in 2019-2021 on fruit-bearing grape plants of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety. The experiment scheme included the following options: without top dressing (control); copper-containing agrochemical (3-fold foliar feeding) at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 l/ha. The first feeding was carried out after flowering, the second and third - 20 and 40 days after the first. Top dressing was carried out in the morning or evening hours in the absence of precipitation and gusts of wind. The consumption of the working solution is 1000 l/ha. The repetition of the experiment is three times. The most significant increase in the mass of bunches from one bush, compared with the control, was noted in the variant with a dose of 0.5 l/ha. A significant increase in the number of berries in a bunch and their weight was noted in the variants with top dressing at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 l/ha. A significant increase in the average weight of one berry, compared with the control, was noted in all variants of the experiment. The productivity of plants when using the drug at a dose of 1.5 l/ha was greater than in the control, but less than in other variants of the experiment. The most significant increase in the yield of grape bushes of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety (by 26.2%), compared with the control, was noted with top dressing at a dose of 0.5 l/ha. The concentration of sugars in the juice of berries at all doses of top dressing was significantly higher (by 0.7...1.0 g/100 cm2) than in the control. Fertilizing grape plants at doses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 l/ha increased the resistance of plants to mildew, compared with the control, especially at a dose of 1.5 l/ha. To increase the productivity of grape plants, it is advisable to use a copper-containing agrochemical at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 l/ha. To reduce the pesticide load against the background of protective treatments against mildew, it is recommended to use the drug at a dose of 1.5 l/ha.
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF PHOTOELECTRIC SYSTEM APPLICATION FOR POWER SUPPLY OF AGROBUSINESS OBJECT
Authors: Daus Yuliya , Yudaev Igor'
Published: April 2023

The studies were carried out in order to propose a criterion for the technical and economic assessment of photovoltaic systems layout options, which allows providing consumers with electric energy at a cost lower than the current tariff in the Unified Electric System, and meeting the requirements for the payback of projects in the energy sector. The theoretical basis for the search for an economically viable option for the layout of the modules of the photovoltaic system was the mathematical formulation of the optimization problem using the following criterion: the cost of generated electrical energy is lower than or equal to the current tariff of the power system for consumed electrical energy. At the same time, the requirement that the payback period of the project does not exceed the standard value of 8 years was taken into account. On the example of a processing agricultural enterprise located in Rostov region, taking into account the peculiarities of its development and the regime of insolation of the territory, consumers were identified, on whose roofs it is possible to install photovoltaic systems. The mode of operation involves generation within the power supply system of the enterprise without generation beyond the point of balance. The analyzed changes in the technical and economic indicators of a photovoltaic system with an increase in its power, if the latter operates with the accumulation of electric energy and taking into account the load schedule, made it possible to identify that 5 photovoltaic systems with a maximum power of 0.4 kW to 71 kW of total installed power can be installed on the territory of the enterprise. with a power of 77.4 kW. But only for four of them the proposed criterion is met: the payback period is not more than 8 years (5.7 ... 7.4 years), and the cost of generated electrical energy (4.0 ... 5.5 rubles / kWh) is lower than the current tariff (8.3 rubles/kWh). The excess of electricity generation by photovoltaic systems, compared to the load of consumers on the roof of which they are located, is directed to the power supply system of the agro-industrial complex for the power supply of other consumers, which makes it possible to realize the solar energy resource to a greater extent at the geographic location of the object.
ACTIVITY OF APHI VECTORS OF POTATO VIRUSES IN ARKHANGELSK REGION
Authors: Shamanin A. , Berim Marina , Korelina Valentina , Popova Lyudmila
Published: April 2023

The research was carried out to study the activity of aphids that carry viruses on potato plantings in the southern part of Arkhangelsk region, to assess the degree of their prevalence and the need to apply plant protection measures. The work was carried out in 2018-2022. The catching of winged forms of aphids in potato plantings was carried out using yellow water traps. In total, over a five-year period, 834 aphids were caught visiting potato plantings, which belonged to 30 different species. The most effective carriers of potato viruses are 7 of them - Acyrthosiphum pisum Harr., Aphis fabae Scop., Aphis nasturtii Kalt., Aulacorthum solani Kalt., Hyperomyzus lactucae L., Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas and Rhopalosiphum padi L. These species were present on plantings annually (with the exception of M. euphorbiae Thomas), and their numbers varied from 82 (in 2020) to 181 (in 2021) individuals. At the same time, the share of aphids that carry viruses in their total number ranged from 56% (in 2022) to 82% (in 2018). Over the entire period of research, not a single individual of the aphid species Myzus persicae Sulz, the most harmful to potato plantings, was identified. The prevalence of virus-carrying aphids was insignificant; there were from 21 to 46 winged insects per 1 water trap during the growing season in different years. Aphids capable of transmitting potato viruses were present on the plantings throughout the entire growing season, which indicates the need for preventive and exterminatory measures to protect plants, based on systematic annual monitoring, which makes it possible to monitor changes in the species composition, numbers and flight dynamics of aphids.
PROVISION OF SPECIAL-PURPOSE MACHINERY MARKET WITH RUSSIAN-MADE HYDRAULIC DISTRIBUTORS
Authors: Karyakin Sergey , Maksimov Evgeniy , Kolomeychenko Aleksandr , Valiev Ayrat , Solovev Rudolf
Published: April 2023

Currently, a relevant task for self-propelled machinery manufacturers is to replace hydraulic system components of the leading global manufacturers with hydraulic system components of alternative Russian manufacturers. The price share of a hydraulic system within the production cost of complete machinery is estimated by experts to be 5% to 25%. At the same time in the Russian Federation, hydraulic system components are produced in insignificant volumes. The components produced in the territory of the Russian Federation often fail to meet state-of-the-art requirements; therefore, it is the foreign components that are mainly used. The task of organizing production of state-of-the-art components for hydraulic systems is a very important one and is aimed at provision of production of modern equipment for various purposes in the Russian Federation. This work was carried out in order to assess the possibility of consolidated inquiry arrangement, qualitative development of the existing production of hydraulic equipment and creation of new production facilities. In the work, a list of typical hydraulic distribution equipment used in the modern special-purpose machinery design was compiled, and a dimensional range of hydraulic distribution equipment parameters was justified. Based on the results of analysis of the special-purpose machinery market, forecast market demand for hydraulic distribution equipment by segments until 2030 was determined. In order to assess the hydraulic distribution equipment market for types of machines not included in this study, based on expert opinions, we assume that their market is 50% of the considered types of machines. The analysis showed that when producing special-purpose machinery, hydraulic distribution equipment from various manufacturers is used, and hydraulic distribution equipment is one of the expensive components taking up to 20% of the total cost of a hydraulic system of special-purpose machines. The hydraulic distribution equipment potential market capacity in the Russian Federation in 2030 perspective will amount to 1.34 million pcs for a total of 56.9 billion rubles.
STUDY OF A DEVICE FOR CRUSHING GRAIN
Authors: Sabirov Bulat , Ziganshin Bulat , Dmitriev Andrey , Nafikov Insaf , Sabirova Razilya
Published: April 2023

The quality of feed produced for cattle is one of the main factors affecting the efficiency of its maintenance. The quality of the resulting feed largely depends on the design features of the equipment, in particular crushers. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed device for crushing grain, in comparison with existing crushers (UD-200). An experimental plant with paddle disks has been developed for grinding grain. Its distinguishing feature is that two disks with a diameter of 142 and 200 mm with blades rotate in the working chamber. The device allows processing grain with high humidity. When using existing crushers (UD-200), fine grinding of grain is possible at a moisture content of not more than 12.6%, experimental installation - 12.9%. To obtain an average grinding, grain moisture can vary from 12.6% to 13.6% and from 12.9% to 14.1%, respectively. With a grain moisture content of 9.8%, the lowest energy costs for crushing were noted when using an experimental installation (5.3 J/kg), for the UD-200 crusher they reached 6.9 J/kg, which is 1.6 J/kg more. At a grain moisture content of 14.1%, the specific energy intensity in the variant with the experimental setup decreased to 8 J/kg, while UD-200 had 9 J/kg. The use of a crusher with paddle discs provides better grinding of feed intended for cattle and reduces the cost of this process.
ANALYSIS OF CURRENT CONSUMPTION BY THE PUMP AND CAUSES OF LIQUID LEAKAGE AT WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS
Authors: Sveshnikov Artemiy , Mikheev Georgiy , Kalimullin Marat
Published: April 2023

The water supply system with a frequency converter device, used in rural settlements located on the territory of the Chuvash Republic and Nizhny Novgorod region, does not always detect the fact of fluid leakage, which entails inevitable losses of electrical energy. This significantly increases the loss of raw materials and the likelihood of draining the well. It is possible to determine a leak in such water supply systems by digitizing the operating parameters of a borehole pump and transmitting this information using the OwenCloud cloud service developed by OWEN. The purpose of the research is to determine the leakage of liquid in the water supply system of rural settlements based on indirect observation and comparative analysis of the total pump operation time per day. The studies were carried out on working days from February 3 to February 9 and during November 1, 2022. For digitization, a PM210 network gateway was used, which transmitted the operation parameters of the frequency converter (the existing control station) via the RS-485 interface, and then to the cloud environment using SIM cards. The digitized data from the cloud environment was processed in the application program according to a given algorithm with simple logic and the total operating time of the pump per day was determined. Based on these calculations, the presence of a fluid leak in the water supply system was established. Determination of the total pump operation time per day by digitizing and analyzing current consumption indicators will significantly speed up the response time to an emergency situation in the water supply system.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE BASED ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE LEGAL MECHANISM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN)
Authors: Gaynutdinov Ilgizar , Khismatullin Marsel , Asadullin Nail , Subaeva Asiya , Mikhaylova Valerikovna
Published: April 2023

The study was carried out in order to analyze the regulatory legal acts regulating land relations in agriculture in order to improve the efficiency of the use of agricultural land. In the Republic of Tatarstan, their area at the beginning of 2022 amounted to 4 625.90 thousand hectares, of which 1 814.50 thousand hectares is a share fund. On 65.9% of the area of unclaimed land shares, the right of municipal property is registered. The existing legal uncertainty in identifying their owners, the lack of funds in the budget of municipalities for carrying out cadastral work makes it difficult to formalize the right of municipal ownership of these shares and transfer them to lease or property to agricultural producers. Against the background of a significant decrease in the area of agricultural land in the republic, 67.8 thousand hectares of agricultural land are not used. In 2021, 829 owners and tenants of unused land were prosecuted with fines in the amount of RUB 6.1 million. There is legal illiteracy among the majority of land users in the construction of capital facilities, the conclusion and termination of lease agreements, holding auctions, etc. The amendment to the Land Code of the Republic of Tajikistan adopted in pursuance of Federal Law No. rural areas and the development of farms in sparsely populated municipal areas. The state program “Integrated Development of Rural Territories” is mainly aimed at promising areas for the development of the agro-industrial complex, and not at depressed, sparsely populated rural areas. As of October 2022, the borders of 20% of settlements have been registered in the republic, which may complicate the procedure for providing land for the construction of industrial agricultural facilities. The Land Code of the Russian Federation does not directly regulate the construction of capital facilities on agricultural land, which requires that appropriate amendments be made to the existing land legislation.
Fragile X syndrome - insight into what we know and prospects
Authors: Strzoda Adam , Kamińska Magdalena , Strzoda Anna , Strzoda Agata , Sowiński Wojciech , Zdybel Michał , Juda Agata , Rojek Kornelia
Published: April 2023

Fragile X syndrome is a dominantly inherited genetic disease and is a consequence of the FMR1 gene mutation located on the X chromosome. The number of patients affected by this disease with full mutation is estimated at 1 in 4000 men and 1 in 8000 women, however, the number of carriers with premutation is far greater. Depending on the mutation of the FMR1 gene and levels of its products FMRP a variety of symptoms can be observed including- intellectual disability, mental retardation, lowered behavioral adaptation, autism, and dysmorphic features such as a long face with a broad forehead and prominent ears. The treatment is mostly symptomatic- managing comorbidities and an emphasis on psychological therapy. The objective of this paper is to sum up the most up-to-date knowledge regarding the pathogenesis, treatment- current and clinically tested, and novelties in the Fragile X syndrome
Study Item Parameters of Classical and Modern Theory of Differential Aptitude Test: Is it Comparable?
Authors: Setiawati Farida Agus , Amelia Rizki Nor , Sumintono Bambang , Purwanta Edi
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to find the Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Modern Test Theory (MTT) item parameters of the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) and examined their comparability of them. The item parameters being studied are difficulty level and discrimination index. 5.024 data of the result sub-test DAT were documented by the Department of Psychology and Guidance and Counselling bureau. The parameter of classical and modern test items was estimated and correlated by examining the comparability between parameters. The results show that there is a significant correlation between item parameter estimates. The Rasch and IRT 1-PL models have the highest correlation toward CTT regarding the item difficulty level. In contrast, model 2-PL has the highest correlation toward CTT in the item discrimination index. Overall, the study concluded that CTT and MTT were comparable in estimating item parameters of DAT and thus could be used independently or complementary in developing DAT.
Data Envelopment Analysis for the Efficiency of Higher Education Departments at Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Indonesia
Authors: Wildani Zakiatul , Wibowo Wahyu , Wulandari Sri Pingit , Dinanti Lucia Ari
Published: April 2023

The quality of higher education is vital for a country’s future, not only in terms of transferring knowledge to younger generation but also for supporting economic development. This paper applies data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the relative efficiency of 38 academic departments at Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia. The input factors are the number of lecturers, the number of staff and budget allocations, whereas the output is the performance achievement level. The empirical analysis incorporates two traditional DEA models: the Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) and the Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) models with input orientation. The results indicate that the CCR model considers five departments efficient while the BCC model considers ten departments efficient, five of which are those considered efficient by the CCR model. It may seem counterintuitive that a department with an output performance achievement below 100% is deemed efficient, and vice versa. However, the underlying principle of efficiency under input-oriented DEA model is resource utilization. Finally, we provide recommendations for the departments with low efficiency scores to improve their performance.
Systematic Literature Review: Effectiveness of a Teaching Aid Based on the Achievement and Interest of Students in the Field of Measurement and Geometry
Authors: Shaimi Fatin Nur Dania , Shaharudin Shazlyn Milleana , Adnan Mazlini
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this systematic literature review (SLR) is to identify: (a) the topic of the study, (b) the research methods used, and (c) the results of research on Mathematics education in Malaysia. This study discusses the use of teaching aid (TA) in the field of syllabus and geometry for Form 2 students. The use of TA is considered highly successful and relevant for educators to improve the quality of the teacher’s instructions and students’ understanding. Therefore, using the rules of optional reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) by Moher et al. (2015), a review system was carried out to determine the appropriate strategies and variables for the field. Four stages constitute the PRISMA paradigm used in this study: identification, screening, qualification, and admission. Using criteria opted by researchers from multiple searches, including Google Scholar, Researchgate, Scopus, and Emerald, over 20 papers were identified for additional investigation. The data were then analysed quantitatively to describe the research's findings. From the results, two main research themes were found, namely (a) learning to use TA; and (b) the field of measurement and geometry of Mathematics. The results of the article analysis indicate that Mathematics education in Malaysia is currently at a moderate level and is ineffective at fostering students' understanding and interest. These results are anticipated to serve as the foundation for teachers, students, schools, and the Ministry of Education to undertake more engaging and interactive learning, particularly in the subject areas of mathematics and geometry.
Short Communication: Tabanid and muscoid hematophagous flies as potential vectors of Surra Disease in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Qudsiyati Nila , Nurcahyo Raden Wisnu , Priyowidodo Dwi , Indarjulianto Soedarmanto
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Qudsiyati N, Nurcahyo RW, Priyowidodo D, Indarjulianto S. 2023. Short Communication: Tabanid and muscoid hematophagous flies as potentialvectors of Surra Disease in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 655-660. As a tropical country, Indonesia provides disease vectors and various kinds of parasitic diseases, such as surra disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi, which is transmitted by blood-sucking insects (flies), with a suitable environment. The disease is responsible for economic losses due to the decrease in beef production, and it can also be a potential zoonosis threatening human health. Disease prevention with vaccines is still unavailable. Therefore, treatment and prevention are carried out to eradicate flies with insecticides that can be hazardous to both humans and the environment. The present study aims at identifying the species and the phenology of potential surra fly vectors based on habitat differences. It was conducted from April to June 2022 in the Andini Mulyo farmer group, lowland Bantul and Maju Jaya farmer group, highland Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). The flies were caught using the NZi trap placed randomly or adjacent to Trypanosoma-positive cattle pens. The results showed that there were eight species of flies found in the Maju Jaya group, namely Tabanus megalops, T. rubidus, Tabanus sp., Stomoxys indica, S. calcitrans, S. sitiens, Haematobia irritans, and Musca domestica. Of them, except Tabanus megalops and Tabanus sp. were also recorded in Andini Mulyo group. The dominant vegetation found in Andini Mulyo and Tani Maju, respectively, are rice plants and wild plants, so the abundance of flies and the species richness of flies had a positive correlation with the Tani Maju group’s vegetation. The potential flies as surra disease vectors in the area found in surra disease cases were biting flies such as T. megalops, T. rubidus, Tabanus sp., S. indica, S. calcitrans, S. sitiens, Haematobia irritans. In addition, the hematogenous flies in Bantul and Kulon Progo could potentially cause the wider spread of surra disease and the decrease cow weight.
Moss from Sumbawa District, Indonesia
Authors: WINDADRI FLORENTINA INDAH
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Windadri FI. 2023. Moss from Sumbawa District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 661-669. Plant diversity in the Lesser Sunda Islands has been widely studied, but it still needs to be carried out on Sumbawa Island. The study aimed to determine the diversity of moss species from the island, especially in the Sumbawa District. The exploration method was used in this research activity, that is conducting exploration, taking research samples and observing habitats at the research site. The distribution tracking was conducted to determine the status of each moss species from the research site. The results recorded 41 species of mosses from the research site in 24 genera and 14 families. Fissidentaceae is one of the moss families, had the highest species diversity in the study site, and was previously never reported from Sumbawa Island. In contrast, the common species was Tortula muralis. The study of moss species from the study site revealed that four species had been found in previous moss collections, namely Anoectangium aestivum, Neckeropsis lepineana, Pinnatella alopecuroides, and Octoblepharum albidum. Several mosses from the study site contributed to the moss diversity of Sumbawa Island as new records. The number of moss from the study site and as new records status is 37 species for Sumbawa Island, 18 species for Lesser Sunda Islands, and six species for Indonesia, respectively.
Changes in reef benthic communities in Sumba Timur, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Utama Rizkie , Hadi Tri Aryono , Hermanto Bambang , Giyanto Giyanto , Budiyanto Agus
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Utama RS, Hadi TA, Hermanto B, Giyanto, Budiyanto A. 2022. Changes in reef benthic communities in Sumba Timur, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.Biodiversitas 23: 677-687. Anthropogenic impacts and coral bleaching due to rising sea surface temperature have been severe and often, as of late on the worldwide scale, influencing the composition of coral reef benthic communities from coral to algal-ruled reefs (phase shift). In any case, coral reef phase shift does not continuously happen, considering corals can recoup when stressors occur. This considers points to examine the alteration in coral reef benthic communities and the relationship among benthic categories. The study was carried out in 2018 and 2021 at 10 stations within East Sumba, and East Nusa Tenggara. Underwater photo transect (UPT) was used to examine benthic cover at a depth of 6 to 9 m in reef slope. The result demonstrated that the benthic communities were slightly altered, especially hard coral, sponge, and other biotas. A slight recovery of hard coral cover is shown in 2021, followed by the decline of sponge and fleshy seaweed cover, which is shown in most observation sites. Acropora spp., Seriatopora spp., and Stylophora spp. were the three genera that increased in cover. The study also found the relationship between the benthic gradient and species richness and the number of colonies, which is gradient changes in benthic composition were in line with the change in hard coral species richness and colony numbers. Although hard coral increase significantly changes over time, it's not altered the coral communities.
Abundance and diversity of butterfly in the Lombok Forest Park, Indonesia
Authors: Ilhamdi Mohammad Liwa , Al Idrus Agil , Santoso Didik , Hadiprayitno Gito , Syazali‬ ‪Muhamad , Hariyadi Ismawan
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Ilhamdi ML, Al Idrus A, Santoso D, Hadiprayitno G, Syazali M, Hariyadi I. 2023. Abundance and diversity of butterfly in the Lombok Forest Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 688-695. The lack of studies on butterflies on Lombok Island has prevented the biology and ecology of this insect group from being widely known. Further, the absence of data on insect communities impacts conservation management, especially that of the Lombok Island Forest Park. Insects can only be effectively managed for conservation by knowing their basic biology and ecology, yet almost nothing about the butterflies on Lombok Island has previously been quantified. This study aims to analyze the abundance and diversity of butterflies in the Forest Park of Lombok Island, Indonesia. The research was carried out from January to July 2022. Further, the samples were collected from three habitat types: waterways, forest middle lanes, and forest edge lanes. Butterfly data collection was carried out on the left and right of each line that became the transect. During this period, 1524 individuals from 42 butterfly species were collected. The most abundant species was Jamides celeno (Ra: 7.54%), while the species with the lowest abundance was Lampides boeticus (Ra: 0.26). The abundance of other species ranged from 0.45% to 6.95%. The results of the analysis show that the diversity of the butterflies in Lombok Island Forest Park is quite high in each of the habitat types surveyed. The data from this research can be used to design and implement conservation management, especially for butterflies.
Analysis of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity from the fractions of Luvunga sarmentosa root extract using LCMS/MS
Authors: SYARPIN SYARPIN , PERMATASARI SILVANI , PUJIANTO DWI ARI
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Syarpin, Permatasari S, Pujianto DA. 2023. Analysis of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity from the fractions of Luvunga sarmentosa root extract using LCMS/MS. Biodiversitas 24: 733-740. Luvunga sarmentosa, one of the native plants of Central Kalimantan, has been used by Dayak people, especially its root, to increase sexual activity, cure sexual dysfunction and increase male fertility. Dayak people boil the stems and roots of L. sarmentosa and drink the extract. However, studies on L. sarmentosa are still limited to phytochemical content and bioactivity screening of the root extract of L. sarmentosa. This research aimed to determine the phytochemical content and antiradical activities of L. sarmentosa root fractions. Fractions were obtained using solvents with different polarities. The sample was extracted by maceration using ethanol, and the extract was fractionated by column chromatography using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The chemical content of each fraction was identified using LCMS/MS. The antiradical activity was performed against DPPH using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The LCMS/MS analysis results indicated that each fraction contained different percentages of compounds, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, stilbenes, flavonoids, tannins, fatty acids, and steroids. Ostruthin was a compound detected in all fractions with a retention time of 20,917 minutes and was considered a marker compound from the roots of L. sarmentosa. The antiradical activity assay showed that the methanol fraction had the best activity with an IC50 value of 83.42 ppm. The IC50 data shows that increasing the percentage of alkaloid compounds increased their antioxidant activity.
Molecular identification of thermophilic bacteria with antimicrobial activity isolated from hot springs in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: GINTING CHRISMIS NOVALINDA , PISKA FINNA , HARMILENI HARMILENI , FACHRIAL EDY
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Ginting CN, Piska F, Harmileni, Fachrial E. 2023. Molecular identification of thermophilic bacteria with antimicrobial activity isolated from hot springs in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 752-758. Microorganisms such as thermophilic bacteria are promising sources of antimicrobial compounds due to their abundance, which has yet to be widely investigated. Therefore, this study aims to identify thermophilic bacteria isolated from natural hot springs, Sidebuk Debuk, in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The bacteria were isolated from sediments and hot springs water. Isolated 10 bacteria were characterized and identified based on their morphological and biochemical properties, which included gelatinase activity, motility, citrate utilization, triple sugar iron agar test, catalase test, cell shape, color, and Gram staining. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The most potential isolates were identified molecularly by amplification of 16S rRNA genes using universal primers. The sequences result were trimmed and assembled using BioEdit and submitted to BLAST to determine the homology of the bacteria. The isolate ITU9 was identified as Bacillus megaterium and exhibited the best antimicrobial activity with an inhibition zone of 9.5 mm against S. aureus during 72 h of incubation. This research showed that the thermophilic B. megaterium strain ITU9 was successfully isolated from Sidebuk Debuk hot springs and had stable antimicrobial activity for 72 h against E. coli and S. aureus.
Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in the Dayak Linoh Tribe in Sintang District, Indonesia
Authors: JULUNG HENDRIKUS , SUPIANDI MARKUS IYUS , EGE BENEDIKTUS , ZUBAIDAH SITI , MAHANAL SUSRIYATI
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Julung H, Supiandi MI, Ege B, Zubaidah S, Mahanal S. 2023. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in the Dayak Linoh Tribe in Sintang District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 767-775. The Linoh Dayak people have long used medicinal plants to deal with health problems in their community. However, along with the advancement of science, the influx of foreign cultures and the degradation of nature and the environment, traditional knowledge about medicinal plants is only owned by the older generation, and the transmission of information is limited by word of mouth and not well documented. This study aimed to document various medicinal plants used by the Dayak Linoh people. The research used a qualitative approach using field surveys. Informants were selected using the purposive sampling method. The informants interviewed consisted of customary leaders (key informants), village heads (main informants), and recommended informants, such as traditional birth attendants (village midwives), hamlet heads, and community members who know medicinal plants. Medicinal plant data were obtained through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation related to the local names of the plants, the parts used, and how to manage and use them. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results showed that 55 species of medicinal plants consisting of 34 plant families were used by the Dayak Linoh tribe. The most widely used part of the plant is the leaf (39, 71%). People in the community boiled the leaves and drank the extract. The most used families in the three tribal communities of the Dayak Linoh tribe, were Zingiberaceae (9 species) and Myrtaceae (3 species). The plant parts used by the Dayak Linoh tribe were root, tuber, rhizome, stem, bark, banana heart, fruit, fruit skin, leaf, and seed. The Dayak Linoh tribe used medicinal plants to treat boil (7 plants) and for postpartum stamina recovery (7 plants). The communities processed and used the medicinal herbs conventionally by boiling and drinking.
Fishing methods and fishing season of the tropical lobster fisheries of Southern Java, Indonesia
Authors: SETYANTO ARIEF , SUMARNO SUMARNO , WIADNYA D. G. R. , PRAYOGO CAHYO , KUSUMA Z. , WEST R. J. , TSAMENYI MARTIN
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Setyanto A, Sumarno, Wiadnya DGR, Prayogo C, Kusuma Z, West RJ, Tsamenyi M. 2023. Fishing methods and fishing season of the tropical lobster fisheries of southern Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 778-783. Tropical lobster fisheries represent a relatively small-scale but valuable export industry in Indonesia, but in many ways may fall within the category of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fisheries. The absence of useful fisheries information means the management strategies and plans to manage the fisheries is severely limited. This research aimed to provide information about the fishing gear, methods, and fishing season of the fisheries, as a precursor to the development of fisheries management strategies. The study was conducted at Watukarung, Pacitan (East Java) and Baron, Gunungkidul (Yogyakarta). Fisheries data on lobster catch, fishing methods and fishing effort were collected through direct observation and interviews with fishers, fishery officers and port managers. Catch data were analyzed using ordinations technique to determine the fishing season. Lobsters were captured in various fishing gears throughout the year, but fishers targeting lobsters primarily used specialized lobster nets deployed by small boats and “krendet” (traps) deployed from clifftops as well as from small boat. The main fishing season for lobsters was from November to February each year. Future research needs to investigate fishing capacity and population parameters before any comprehensive fisheries management can be undertaken.
Forest structures and carbon stocks of community forests with different forest management in Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand
Authors: WANNASINGHA WANNACHAI , GOMONTEAN BHUVADOL , UTTARUK YANNAWUT
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Wannasingha W, Gomontean B, Uttaruk Y. 2023. Forest structures and carbon stocks of community forests with different forest management in Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 799-809. Forest management comprises strategies and practices to regulate human activities and the utilization of forest products. Management and regulations have various effects on forest structure, tree diversity and carbon accumulation. This study was conducted in three community forests with different levels of rule regulations and managed duration in the northeast of Thailand. Thirty of 20×20 m plots were placed for recording all trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) ?4.5 cm and >1.3 m height. One hundred and fifty plots of soil samples at 0-25 cm and 25-50 cm depths were also collected for organic carbon analysis. Forest carbon stocks were calculated from the sum of carbon in aboveground biomass (AGB) and soil organic carbon (SOC). The results showed that tree density, basal area, Shannon diversity index and evenness index of the best practices (BP) plots were higher than the plots in which moderate (MP) and slight practices (SP) were applied. Tree heights of the BP and MP forests were higher than the SP forest. The L-shape of dbh class distribution in all community forests means they were secondary forests; tree density was highest in the small dbh class and declined in the bigger size class. The bigger dbh class tree showed higher aboveground carbon (AGC) despite the lower tree density in all community forests. Most of the BP forest plots had the highest carbon stock (93.89, 80.52 and 54.96 Mg C ha-1) and CO2 absorption (344.25, 295.23 and 201.53 Mg CO2equiv.) compared with the others. Our results demonstrate the importance of forest management in affecting forest structures, carbon sequestration and carbon dioxide absorption from the atmosphere to reduce and mitigate climate change.