bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data-based matched-mode source localization for a moving source
Authors: Yang T. C.
Published: March 2014

A data-based matched-mode source localization method is proposed in this paper for a moving source, using mode wavenumbers and depth functions estimated directly from the data, without requiring any environmental acoustic information and assuming any propagation model. The method is in theory free of the environmental mismatch problem because the mode replicas are estimated from the same data used to localize the source. Besides the estimation error due to the approximations made in deriving the data-based algorithms, the method has some inherent drawbacks: (1) It uses a smaller number of modes than theoretically possible because some modes are not resolved in the measurements, and (2) the depth search is limited to the depth covered by the receivers. Using simulated data, it is found that the performance degradation due to the afore-mentioned approximation/limitation is marginal compared with the original matched-mode source localization method. The proposed method has a potential to estimate the source range and depth for real data and be free of the environmental mismatch problem, noting that certain aspects of the (estimation) algorithms have previously been tested against data. The key issues are discussed in this paper.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Blaeser Susan B. , Schomer Paul D.
Published: March 2014

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes catalogs of Acoustical Standards, both National and International. To receive copies of the latest Standards catalogs, please contact Susan B. Blaeser.

Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.

This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the National and International Catalogs of Acoustical Standards, and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are available via the ASA Standards home page: http://acousticalsociety.org/standards.
Loudness of subcritical sounds as a function of bandwidth, center frequency, and level
Authors: Hots J. , Rennies J. , Verhey J. L.
Published: March 2014

Level differences at equal loudness between band-pass noise and pure tones with a frequency equal to the center frequency of the noise were measured in normal-hearing listeners using a loudness matching procedure. The center frequencies were 750, 1500, and 3000 Hz and noise bandwidths from 5 to 1620 Hz were used. The level of the reference pure tone was 30, 50, or 70 dB. For all center frequencies and reference levels, the level at equal loudness was close to 0 dB for the narrowest bandwidth, increased with bandwidth for bandwidths smaller than the critical bandwidth, and decreased for bandwidths larger than the critical bandwidth. For bandwidths considerably larger than the critical bandwidth, the level difference was negative. The maximum positive level difference was measured for a bandwidth close to the critical bandwidth. This maximum level difference decreased with increasing reference level. A similar effect was found when the level differences were derived from data of an additional categorical loudness scaling experiment. The results indicate that the decrease of loudness at equal level with increasing subcritical bandwidth is a common property of the auditory system which is not taken into account in current loudness models.
Innate Immune Activity Conditions the Effect of Regulatory Variants upon Monocyte Gene Expression
Authors: Fairfax Benjamin P. , Humburg Peter , Makino Seiko , Naranbhai Vivek , Wong Daniel , Lau Evelyn , Jostins Luke , Plant Katharine , Andrews Robert , McGee Chris , Knight Julian C.
Published: March 2014

Immune Variation

It is difficult to determine the mechanistic consequences of context-dependent genetic variants, some of which may be related to disease (see the Perspective by

Gregersen

). Two studies now report on the effects of stimulating immunological monocytes and dendritic cells with proteins that can elicit a response to bacterial or viral infection and assess the functional links between genetic variants and profiles of gene expression.

M. N. Lee
et al.

(
10.1126/science.1246980
) analyzed the expression of more than 400 genes, in dendritic cells from 30 healthy subjects, which revealed how expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) affect gene expression within the interferon-β and the Toll-like receptor 3 and 4 pathways.

Fairfax
et al.

(
10.1126/science.1246949
) performed a genome-wide analysis to show that many eQTLs affected monocyte gene expression in a stimulus- or time-specific manner.
Simultaneous Ground- and Space-Based Observations of the Plasmaspheric Plume and Reconnection
Authors: Walsh B. M. , Foster J. C. , Erickson P. J. , Sibeck D. G.
Published: March 2014

Persistent Plume

Energy from the solar wind is carried into Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere through the reconnection of magnetic lines. When this coupling is strong, changes in the solar wind cause geomagnetic storms that perturb the magnetosphere and allow a plume of cool plasma to be released outward. As the plume rises from the ionosphere, it extends the boundary of its plasmasphere origin toward the magnetopause. Using simultaneous ground-based and satellite observations,

Walsh
et al.

(p.
1122
; see the Perspective by

Borovsky

) show that this plume can persist for hours, extending all the way from the ionosphere to the magnetopause.
CO Meets CO, One at a Time
Authors: Salmeron Miquel
Published: March 2014

An atomic force microscope is used to measure the molecular forces between two carbon monoxide (CO) molecules.

[Also see Report by

Weymouth
et al.

]
Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium perfringens Strain JJC, a Highly Efficient Hydrogen Producer Isolated from Landfill Leachate Sludge
Authors: Wong Y. M. , Juan J. C. , Gan H. M. , Austin C. M.
Published: March 2014

Clostridium perfringens
strain JJC is an effective biohydrogen and biochemical producer that was isolated from landfill leachate sludge. Here, we present the assembly and annotation of its genome, which may provide further insights into the gene interactions involved in efficient biohydrogen production.
Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium bifermentans Strain WYM, a Promising Biohydrogen Producer Isolated from Landfill Leachate Sludge
Authors: Wong Y. M. , Juan J. C. , Gan H. M. , Austin C. M.
Published: March 2014

Clostridium bifermentans
strain WYM is an effective biohydrogen producer isolated from landfill leachate sludge. Here, we present the assembly and annotation of its genome, which may provide further insights into the metabolic pathways involved in efficient biohydrogen production.
Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Strain LCT-EC52, Which Acquired Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Properties after the Shenzhou-VIII Mission
Authors: Zhang Dong , Chang De , Zhang Xuelin , Yu Yi , Guo Yinghua , Wang Junfeng , Li Tianzhi , Xu Guogang , Dai Wenkui , Liu Changting
Published: March 2014

Escherichia coli
is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the lower intestines of humans and causes several diseases, such as septicemia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
E. coli
strain LCT-EC52, which originated from
E. coli
strain CGMCC 1.2385 and acquired changes in antibiotic resistance following travel on the Shenzhou-VIII spacecraft.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp.
cremoris
HP
T
, the First Defined-Strain Dairy Starter Culture Bacterium
Authors: Lambie Suzanne C. , Altermann Eric , Leahy Sinead C. , Kelly William J.
Published: March 2014

Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
cremoris
HP
T
has been widely used in studies of the metabolism of lactococcal dairy starter cultures. A comparison of the draft HP
T
genome with those from other strains of
L. lactis
subsp.
cremoris
will aid our understanding of the domestication and evolution of these important industrial cultures.
Improving chronic care delivery and outcomes: the impact of the cystic fibrosis Care Center Network
Authors: Mogayzel Peter J , Dunitz Jordan , Marrow Laura C , Hazle Leslie A
Published: March 2014

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem, life-shortening genetic disease that requires complex care. To facilitate this expert, multidisciplinary care, the CF Foundation established a Care Center Network and accredited the first care centres in 1961. This model of care brings together physicians and specialists from other disciplines to provide care, facilitate basic and clinical research, and educate the next generation of providers. Although the Care Center Network has been invaluable in achieving substantial gains in survival and quality of life, additional opportunities for improvements in CF care exist. In 1999, analysis of data from the CF Foundation's Patient Registry detected variation in care practices and outcomes across centres, identifying opportunities for improvement. In 2002, the CF Foundation launched a comprehensive quality improvement (QI) initiative to enhance care by assembling national experts to develop a strategic plan to disseminate QI training and processes throughout the Care Center Network. The QI strategies included developing leadership (nationally and within each care centre), identifying best CF care practices, and incorporating people with CF and their families into improvement efforts. The goal was to improve the care for every person with CF in the USA. Multiple tactics were undertaken to implement the strategic plan and disseminate QI training and tools throughout the Care Center Network. In addition, strategies to foster collaboration between care centre staff and individuals with CF and their families became a cornerstone of QI efforts. Today it is clear that the application of QI principles within the CF Care Center Network has improved adherence to clinical guidelines and achievement of important health outcomes.
Critical Transition Analysis of the Deterministic Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation — A Flux-Based Network Approach
Authors: Viebahn Jan , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: March 2014

A new method for constructing complex networks from fluid flow fields is proposed. The approach focuses on spatial properties of the flow field, namely, on the topology of the streamline field. The network approach is applied to a model of the wind-driven ocean circulation, which exhibits the prototype of a critical transition, that is, a back-to-back saddle-node bifurcation related to two separate dynamical regimes. The network analysis enables a structural characterization of, on the one hand, the viscous regime as a weakly-connected and highly-assortative regime, and, on the other hand, of the inertial regime as a highly-connected and weakly-assortative regime. Moreover, the network analysis enables a robust early-warning signal of the critical transition emerging from the viscous regime: The upcoming global regime change induced by the critical transition may be anticipated by a drastic decrease in the overall closeness of the network, which reflects a preceding local regime change in the flow field. Hence, the results support the application of network-based topology measures complementary to time-series based statistical properties as leading indicators of critical transitions.
Regional Differences in Breast Cancer Biomarkers in American Indian and Alaska Native Women
Authors: Kaur Judith S. , Vierkant Robert A. , Hobday Timothy , Visscher Daniel
Published: March 2014

Background: Breast cancer is not a homogeneous disease, but several different and unique subtypes defined by gene expression analysis. Incidence and mortality rates vary by almost 3-fold between Alaska (highest) and the Southwestern tribes (lowest). We hypothesized that these differences may be due to, in part, varying levels of biologic tumor aggressiveness.

Methods: A biorepository of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group with 95 cases of American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) women with adenocarcinoma of the breast surgically treated from 1990 to 2000 was tested for several biomarkers. Comparison distributions of biomarker values across state of residence using t tests for continuous (p53, MIB-1, cyclin D) and ordinally scaled markers [EGF receptor (EGFR), BCL-2, Her2] and χ2 tests of significance for binary markers [estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR)] were done.

Results: Significant regional differences in some biomarker expression levels were seen. No increase was observed in “triple-negative” breast cancer or Her2 overexpression in these cases.

Conclusions: Despite a 3-fold difference in breast cancer mortality in Alaska Native versus Southwestern American Indians, standard biomarkers such as ER, PR, and Her2 neu expression did not explain the disparity.

Impact: There is a need for research to understand the biologic basis of breast cancer disparities in AIAN women. Potential for a prospective trial will be explored with tribes.

See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Community Network Program Centers.”

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(3); 409–15. ©2014 AACR.
Culturally Appropriate Education Intervention on Biospecimen Research Participation among Chinese Americans
Authors: Gao Wanzhen , Ma Grace X. , Tan Yin , Fang Carolyn , Weaver JoEllen , Jin Ming , Lai Philip , Godwin Andrew K.
Published: March 2014

Background: Chinese Americans are at increased risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. To reduce or eliminate disparities in HBV-related infection rates, participation in scientific investigations of HBV risk and treatment, including biospecimen sampling, is important. However, Asian Americans have low rates of participation in biospecimen research, and little is known about how educational interventions affect knowledge and participation in HBV-related biospecimen research.

Methods: Eight Chinese community-based organizations participated in a quasi-experimental, two-group design with education assessments at pre- and postworkshop and a 3-month follow-up. Four sites were randomly assigned to receive the intervention (n = 175) and four sites to receive general health education (control; n = 240).

Results: Participant knowledge about biospecimen research increased from pre- to posteducation in the intervention but not in the control condition. Of intervention participants, 83.4% (146/175) donated one tube of blood for future HBV biospecimen research, and 50.9% (89/175) donated another tube of blood for HBV testing. In contrast, only 1.1% of participants in the control condition reported donating a blood sample at follow-up assessment.

Conclusion: The intervention program significantly increased knowledge of and participation in HBV biospecimen research among Chinese Americans. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods featured active support by community leaders, a culturally specific curriculum, and convenient, immediate access to blood sampling, which resulted in high donation rates.

Impact: HBV-related morbidity and mortality is an urgent problem faced by Chinese Americans. CBPR provides a model for engaging communities in early detection, vaccination, and treatment that can reduce this health threat.

See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Community Network Program Centers.”

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(3); 383–91. ©2014 AACR.
Is a Personal History of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Associated with Increased or Decreased Risk of Other Cancers?
Authors: Alberg Anthony J. , Fischer Alexander H.
Published: March 2014

Two conflicting hypotheses have been tested concerning the association between a personal history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and risk of other malignancies. One hypothesis is that as a marker of extensive sunlight exposure and hence vitamin D status, NMSC should be inversely associated with risk of other cancers. Alternatively, under the multiple primary cancer model, NMSC is postulated to be an informative first cancer to study as a marker of increased risk of subsequent primary cancer diagnoses. In this journal issue, Ong and colleagues report the results of a large-scale study in the United Kingdom with findings that NMSC was significantly associated with increased risk of a broad spectrum of other malignancies, with the associations stronger the younger the age of onset of NMSC. These results are consistent with the larger body of evidence on this topic, which is highly asymmetrical in favor of the multiple primary cancer hypothesis. Two divergent hypotheses have been tested, with the empirical evidence unequivocally indicating that NMSC is a marker of a high cancer risk phenotype. Future research is warranted to better characterize this association, to understand why NMSC is a marker of excess risk of other cancers, and to determine whether this association is clinically relevant. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(3); 433–6. ©2014 AACR.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Cancer Mortality in the Black Women's Health Study, 1995–2011
Authors: Bethea TN , Palmer JR , Rosenberg L , Cozier YC
Published: March 2014

Neighborhood socioeconomic status has been associated with a range of cancer health outcomes, but longitudinal data in African Americans, who tend to live in more deprived neighborhoods, is lacking. We assessed the relation of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) to cancer mortality in a prospective cohort of African American women. Participants enrolled in the Black Women's Health Study in 1995 by completing mailed questionnaires. Exposure information and incident diagnoses are updated through biennial questionnaires. Neighborhood SES was measured by a factor score based on census block group data for 6 indicators of income and education – median household income, median housing value, percent of households receiving interest/dividend/rental income, percent of adults who are college graduates, percent of white-collar workers, and percent of households not headed by a single female. Deaths through 2011 and cause of death were identified through linkage to the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with control for age, education, marital status, cigarette smoking, physical activity, time spent watching TV, and dietary pattern. Based on 819 cancer deaths that occurred from 1995–2011, neighborhood SES was inversely associated with cancer mortality. The age-adjusted HR for lowest quartile of neighborhood SES relative to highest quartile was 1.63, 95% CI 1.33–2.00; control for covariates reduced the HR to 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.60. In analyses restricted to participants with 16 or more years of education, the multivariable HR for lowest relative to highest quartile of neighborhood SES was 1.38 (95% CI 1.01–1.90). Our results suggest that neighborhood SES is associated with an individual's risk of cancer mortality and that the association is mediated in part by diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. The finding that this association was present even among college graduates is of particular relevance to African Americans, who are more likely to live in disadvantaged neighborhoods regardless of their individual income or educational attainment.
Adherence to Multiple Cancer Screening Tests among Appalachian Women
Authors: Katz ML , Young GS , Pennell ML , Reiter PL , Paskett ED
Published: March 2014

Appalachian populations suffer from higher rates of cancer incidence and mortality than non-Appalachian populations. Research has documented disparities in the receipt of within guideline cancer screening tests for each test individually (mammography (MA), Pap Test (PT) and colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy or FOBT (CRC)), however, no study has documented disparities in the receipt of multiple screening tests in this population. Methods. As part of a larger study using community-based participatory research strategies to reach Appalachian community members about the need for CRC screening, we surveyed 643 women aged 51–75, inclusive who agreed to complete a phone survey after being randomly selected from commercially available address lists for 12 Appalachian Ohio counties. The survey included questions about the receipt of screening tests within guidelines: PT (within 3 years), MA (within the past year), and CRC (FOBT: past year; FS: last 5 years; or colonoscopy: last 10 years). The frequencies of each test received within guidelines as well as the number of tests (0, 1, 2, 3) women were adherent to, were calculated. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being within guidelines were calculated using multiple logistic regression (performed for within guidelines for each test and for all 3 tests vs. 0–2 tests). Results. Women not screened within guidelines by self-report were 33% for PT, 46% for MA, and 48% for CRC. Only 31% of the women were within guidelines for all 3 tests, with 18% reporting not being within guidelines for any of the 3 tests. Predictors of within screening guidelines for all three tests include having a check-up in the past two years (OR = 14.7; 1.94, 111.5; p < 0.01) and not being a current or former smoker (OR = 0.28; 0.11,0.72; p < 0.01 and OR = 0.48; 0.25,0.93; p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions. Few women in Appalachia Ohio are adherent to currently recommended cancer screening tests. Only about a third of the women were adherent to all three screening tests and almost a fifth of the women were not adherent to any of the three screening tests. These findings suggest that interventions should focus on improving multiple screening behaviors to reduce the high cancer rates in this underserved population.
Physical Activity and Quality of Life among Elderly Cancer Survivors Compared to Women without Cancer: The Iowa Women's Health Study
Authors: Blair C , Robien K , Lazovich D
Published: March 2014

Few studies have examined lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life (QOL) in elderly, long-term cancer survivors compared to a cancer-free comparison group. We examined the degree to which physical inactivity is associated with poor QOL among elderly, female cancer survivors compared to similar-aged women without cancer. Methods: Subjects included women enrolled in the Iowa Women's Health Study in 1986 who completed the 2004 questionnaire (at ages 71–89 years) and were alive through 2005. The 2004 questionnaire asked participants about recreational physical activity and included the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF36) QOL assessment. Physical inactivity was defined as moderate or vigorous activity less than once per week. Logistic regression was used to compute the odds of poor QOL for each SF36 subscale (<0.5 SD below the mean score of women without cancer) associated with physical inactivity between 4 groups based on the cross-classification of cancer history (no/yes) and physical inactivity (no/yes) (referent group = No/No). Results: Analyses included 12,067 women without a history of cancer and 1,707 women diagnosed with cancer between 1986 and 2002. Inactive cancer survivors were significantly more likely to report poor QOL for each SF36 subscale compared to the referent group (Odds Ratios (OR) 1.7 to 4.5), independent of age, comorbidity, BMI, and diet quality. Compared with the other 3 groups, inactive cancer survivors had the greatest odds of poor Physical Function (inactive cancer survivors [OR = 4.5, 95% CI 3.9–5.3], inactive women without cancer [OR = 3.8, 95% CI 3.5–4.2], active cancer survivors [OR = 1.0,95% CI 0.8–1.2]) and poor General Health (inactive cancer survivors [OR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.7–3.8], inactive women without cancer [OR = 2.8, 95% CI 2.5–3.0), active cancer survivors [OR = 1.2, 95% CI 0.98–1.4]). Among physically active women, cancer survivors had similar QOL as women without a cancer history. Conclusions: Physical inactivity was more strongly associated with poor General Health and Physical Function in elderly, long-term cancer survivors compared to women without cancer. These findings support the need for interventions to help older women maintain or regain a physically active lifestyle after a cancer diagnosis.
The Association Between Sexual Abuse and Adherence to Risk-Appropriate Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines: A Study of Women in Appalachian Ohio
Authors: Kurta ML , Krok JL , Hade EM , Williams J , Nemeth J , Paskett ED
Published: March 2014

Our objective was to determine if a history of forced sex influenced the likelihood of meeting risk-appropriate cervical cancer (CC) screening guidelines among women in Appalachian Ohio. Methods: We used data collected from initial recruitment for Community Awareness Resources and Education (CARE) I projects 1 and 2. Women were randomly selected from 14 Ohio Appalachian clinics. Risk-appropriate guidelines were defined as having had a Pap smear within 13 months of study interview among high risk women and within 37 months of interview among low risk women. High risk was defined as meeting any of the following criteria: 5 or more sexual partners during their lifetime; intercourse before 18; a current smoker; diagnosis of an STI; or a sexual partner diagnosed with an STI. Low-risk women did not meet any of these criteria. Associations between meeting guidelines and patient characteristics were evaluated by calculating odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic mixed model regression, with clinic incorporated as a random effect. Significant factors were included in a multivariable regression model assessing the association between exposure to forced sex and meeting CC screening guidelines. Results: Of the 571 women in this study, 105 (18.4%) reported being forced to have sex, 456 (79.9%) did not report forced sex, and 10 (1.8%) refused to answer or didn't know. We observed significant crude associations between meeting risk-appropriate CC screening guidelines and potential confounders: socioeconomic status (low vs. intermediate: OR = 2.46, CI:1.48–4.09; low vs. high: OR = 2.78, CI:1.65–4.72), marital status (divorced/widowed/separated vs. married/member of couple: OR = 2.03, CI:1.90–6.92; divorced/widowed/separated vs. never married: OR = 3.63, CI:1.90–6.92), and smoking status (never vs. former: OR = 2.46, CI:0.32–0.84; never vs. current: OR = 0.51, CI:0.33–0.78). Adjusted for these factors and current age, women forced to have sex had significantly lower odds of being within screening guidelines (OR = 0.32, CI:0.20–0.53). Conclusions: Women exposed to forced sex have lower odds of meeting risk-appropriate CC screening guidelines. This population needs additional efforts to ensure adherence to CC screening guidelines.
Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms 24 Months Following Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Avis N , Levine B , Case D , Naftalis E , Van Zee K
Published: March 2014

The majority of studies on depression among cancer survivors report means or percentages which obscure the heterogeneity of women's responses to cancer. Trajectory analysis provides a more nuanced picture of different patterns of response. Purpose: To identify, in a large sample of breast cancer survivors, distinct groups of women exhibiting different patterns (trajectories) of depressive symptoms up to 24 months following a breast cancer diagnosis, and to identify characteristics associated with these patterns. Methods: 653 women within 8 months of initial breast cancer diagnosis completed questionnaires at baseline and 6, 12, and 18 months after baseline on contextual/patient characteristics, symptoms, and psychosocial variables. Chart reviews provided cancer and treatment-related data. The primary outcome was depressive symptomatology assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Finite mixture modeling was used to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms. Results: Based on a combination of the Bayesian Information Criterion and observation of trajectory distinctiveness, a 6-trajectory model was chosen. Almost half of the sample had a consistently very low (3.8%) or low (46%) level of depressive symptoms over time that was well below the traditional BDI cut-point of 10 thought to be indicative of clinically significant depression; 29.8% had a consistently borderline BDI score that hovered around 10; 12.1% had initially high BDI, but showed a decline over time; 7.2% showed an increased BDI over time; and a small but distinct group (1.2%) reported a chronically high BDI above 25. Women in the lower depressive symptom groups were older, had fewer physical symptoms (fatigue and pain), less rigorous chemotherapy, and lower levels of illness intrusiveness. Additional analyses also showed that to some degree, illness intrusiveness, pain, and social support scores over time paralleled BDI trajectories. Conclusions: Trajectory analysis allowed us to detect heterogeneity among women in reporting depressive symptoms following a breast cancer diagnosis. Our larger sample size identified more trajectories than other smaller studies. Mean levels of various characteristics at baseline and over time were identified that were significantly associated with each trajectory.
Neighborhood and Geographic Factors Associated with Diagnostic Resolution After an Abnormal Breast or Cervical Cancer Screening Test Among Women Enrolled in a Patient Navigator Program
Authors: Plascak J , Llanos AA , Pennell M , Weier RC , Paskett ED
Published: March 2014

This study's aim was to assess the associations between neighborhood and geographic factors and diagnostic resolution within 12 months following an abnormal screening test for breast or cervical cancer among participants of the Ohio Patient Navigator Research Program. Methods: Patient (demographic, psychosocial, and socioeconomic status [SES]) and neighborhood (SES, racial segregation, healthcare access) factors of 776 women attending one of 16 clinics and living in one of 285 census tracts in greater Columbus, Ohio were examined. Women were randomized at the clinic level to determine receipt of the navigation intervention. Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate associations between these factors and diagnostic resolution while controlling for clinic and neighborhood clustering. Spatial analysis assessed the presence of geographic disparities (i.e., regions of significantly high odds of not resolving). Results: After adjustment for individual-level SES and the receipt of the clinic-level navigation intervention, there was a significant inverse association between neighborhood-level percent of residents without a bachelor's degree and odds of diagnostic resolution (odds ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval = 0.63–0.98). Adjustment for neighborhood percent of residents without a bachelor's degree accounted for geographic disparities in diagnostic resolution. Racial segregation, home-to-clinic distance and PN were not associated with odds of resolution. Conclusions: Women were more likely to have diagnostically resolved 12 months following an abnormal breast or cervical cancer screening test if they lived in neighborhoods of higher SES. Geographic disparities in diagnostic resolution could be reduced if there was no variation in neighborhood SES.
Maternal Leptin Predicts Adiposity of the Neonate
Authors: Josefson Jami L. , Zeiss Dinah M. , Rademaker Alfred W. , Metzger Boyd E.
Published: March 2014

Background: Increased adiposity at birth may identify infants at high risk of developing obesity. Maternal obesity and hyperglycemia in pregnancy are associated with increased neonatal adiposity; however, features of maternal obesity that contribute to increased neonatal adiposity need further study. Aims: To measure adiposity in neonates of obese and normal-weight women without gestational diabetes to test the hypothesis that obese women have neonates with increased adiposity compared to neonates of normal-weight women. Methods: Sixty-one pregnant women, with a normal or obese BMI, and their neonates participated in this cross-sectional study at an academic medical center. Neonatal adiposity, expressed as percent body fat (fat mass/body mass), was measured by air displacement plethysmography and cord blood was assayed for biomarkers. Results: Adiposity in neonates of obese and normal-weight mothers did not differ. Stratifying mothers by leptin level showed that neonates born to mothers with higher leptin had significantly higher adiposity (13.2 vs. 11.1%, p = 0.035). In the entire cohort, adiposity positively correlated with cord blood leptin (r = 0.48, p < 0.001) and adiponectin (r = 0.27, p = 0.04) levels. Conclusion: Obesity in normoglycemic pregnant women was not associated with increased neonatal adiposity. High maternal leptin levels identified neonates with increased adiposity.
Vaginal Misoprostol versus Vaginal Estradiol in Overcoming Unsatisfactory Colposcopy
Authors: Makkar Binni , Batra Swaraj , Gandhi Gauri , Zutshi Vijay , Goswami Deepti
Published: March 2014

Background: Unsatisfactory colposcopy, an inability to visualize the entire transformation zone, is found in about 10-20% of the patients undergoing the procedure. These patients usually require conization for a comprehensive evaluation of the cervix. Our study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of vaginal misoprostol versus vaginal estradiol in overcoming unsatisfactory colposcopy. Methods: We studied 48 women with unsatisfactory colposcopy. They were randomized into two groups: group I (n = 24) received 200 µg misoprostol vaginally and colposcopy was repeated after 6 h, while the subjects in group II (n = 24) were prescribed a 7-day course of 50 µg estradiol for vaginal insertion followed by a repeat colposcopy. The efficacy and safety of these two drugs were compared. Results: Repeat colposcopy was satisfactory in 70.8% of the women given vaginal misoprostol compared to 82.6% of the women who used vaginal estradiol. The difference was not statistically significant. The adverse effects were reported more often by the women in the misoprostol group (41.6%) as compared to those in estradiol group (13%) (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Both estradiol and misoprostol were comparable in overcoming unsatisfactory colposcopy. However, a higher incidence of adverse effects was noted with misoprostol as compared to estradiol.
Burden of Sudden Cardiac Death in Persons Aged 1 to 49 Years
Authors: Risgaard Bjarke , Winkel Bo Gregers , Jabbari Reza , Behr Elijah R. , Ingemann-Hansen Ole , Thomsen Jørgen Lange , Ottesen Gyda Lolk , Gislason Gunnar H. , Bundgaard Henning , Haunsø Stig , Holst Anders Gaarsdal , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob
Published: March 2014

Background—

Knowledge of the burden and causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is sparse in persons aged <50 years; better understanding is needed to lower the risk of SCD. The aim of this study was to report SCD incidence rates and autopsy findings in persons aged 1 to 49 years.

Methods and Results—

All deaths in persons aged 1 to 49 years were included in 2007 to 2009. Death certificates were reviewed by 2 physicians. History of previous admissions to hospital was assessed, and discharge summaries were read. Sudden unexpected death cases were identified and autopsy reports were collected. In the 3-year study period, there were 7849 deaths of which we identified 893 (11%) SCD cases. The annual incidence rate per 100 000 persons increased from 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.0–2.7) to 21.7 (95% confidence interval, 20.2–23.4) in persons aged 1 to 35 and 36 to 49 years, respectively. Coronary artery disease was the most common cause of death and was found in 158 (36%) autopsied cases, followed by 135 (31%) cases of sudden unexplained death.

Conclusions—

In a nationwide cohort of persons aged <50 years, the annual incidence rate of SCD was ≈10× higher in persons aged 36 to 49 years than in persons aged 1 to 35 years. Notably, coronary artery disease was the most common cause of SCD, followed by unexplained deaths. These findings may help in developing strategies to prevent SCD in the future.
On the Behaviour of the (1, λ)-ES for Conically Constrained Linear Problems
Authors: Arnold Dirk V.
Published: March 2014

We study the behaviour of a [Formula: see text]-ES that handles constraints by resampling infeasible candidate solutions for linear optimization problems with a conically constrained feasible region. The analysis generalizes prior work in that no particular orientation of the cone relative to the gradient of the objective function is assumed. Expressions that describe the strategy's single-step behaviour are derived. Assuming that the mutation strength is adapted in a scale-invariant manner, a simple zeroth-order model is used to determine the speed of convergence of the strategy. We then derive expressions that approximately characterize the average step size and convergence rate attained when using cumulative step size adaptation and compare the values with optimal ones.
The first morphological description of the immature stages of Thiasophila Kraatz, 1856 (Coleoptera; Staphylinidae) inhabiting ant colonies of the Formica rufa group
Authors: ZAGAJA MIROSŁAW , STANIEC BERNARD , PIETRYKOWSKA-TUDRUJ EWA
Published: March 2014

This article for the first time presents the morphology of the egg, three larval instars, pupal cocoon, prepupa and pupa of myrmecophilous rove beetle Thiasophila angulata (Erichson, 1837) along with illustrations of structural features and chaetotaxy. Morphological comparisons are made between larval instars, and between the mature larva of T. angulata and other known larvae of Aleocharinae belonging to the tribes Athetini, Hoplandriini, Liparocephalini, Lomechusinii and Oxypodini. Pupae of T. angulata and two other species of Aleocharinae: Pella laticollis (Märkell, 1844) and Haploglossa picipennis (Gyllenhal, 1827) are compared. The mature larvae of T. angulata were observed to vary morphologically depending on the ant host species (Formica polyctena, F. rufa or F. truncorum). Host-related variation was observed in median larval body length, head and pronotum width and structure of the antennae.
Childhood socio-economic status and ethnic disparities in psychosocial outcomes in New Zealand
Authors: Marie Dannette , Fergusson David M , Boden Joseph M
Published: March 2014

Objective:

The present study examined the extent to which childhood socio-economic status (SES) could account for differences in adult psychosocial outcomes between Māori and non-Māori individuals in a birth cohort of more than 1000 individuals studied to age 30.

Methods:

Data were gathered on three measures of childhood SES (family SES, family living standards, family income) and adult psychosocial outcomes including mental health, substance use, criminal offending, and education/welfare dependence outcomes, as part of a longitudinal study of a New Zealand birth cohort (the Christchurch Health and Development Study).

Results:

Those reporting Māori ethnicity had significantly ( p < 0.0001) poorer scores on the three measures of childhood SES, with estimates of Cohen’s d indicating a moderate effect size. Māori cohort members also had significantly ( p < 0.05) greater rates of adverse psychosocial outcomes in adulthood. Controlling for childhood SES reduced the magnitude of the ethnic differences in psychosocial outcomes, but did not fully explain the differences between Māori and non-Māori. Adjustment for childhood SES had the strongest effect on education/welfare dependence, but weaker effects on mental health, substance use, and criminal offending.

Conclusions:

Improvements in SES among Māori in New Zealand may, to some extent, ameliorate the long standing disparities in psychosocial well-being between Māori and non-Māori. However, efforts to improve Māori well-being will require an approach that moves beyond a sole focus on rectifying socio-economic disadvantage.
Effects of saturation temperature/pressure on melting behavior and cell structure of expanded polypropylene bead
Authors: Guo Peng , Liu Youpeng , Xu Yaohui , Lu Mingfu , Zhang Shijun , Liu Tao
Published: March 2014

The expanded polypropylene beads with microcellular structure were prepared by an autoclave-based batch foaming process using non-supercritical CO2 as the foaming agent. Herein, smaller polypropylene micropellets (∼0.6 mm) were obtained from three kinds of polypropylene resin by underwater micro-pelletizer system. The results from differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the double melting peaks of beads moved to higher temperature with increasing saturation temperature and pressure. The kind of comonomer did not exert noticeable influence on the double melting behaviors. The X-ray diffraction of expanded polypropylene bead revealed that characteristic peaks of α-type crystal did not change compared with that of original polypropylene micropellets. The relationship between cell morphology and saturation temperature/pressure of expanded polypropylene beads are discussed preliminarily by scanning electron microscope.
Tensile and impact behavior of polystyrene microcellular foams with bi-modal cell morphology
Authors: Bao Jin-Biao , Weng Geng-Sheng , Zhao Ling , Liu Zhi-Feng , Chen Zhong-Ren
Published: March 2014

Bi-modal PS foams with various volume fractions of large cells ( fL), cell sizes and densities were prepared to investigate the effect of cell structures on the tensile and impact behaviors. The tensile results showed that for the similar density, the tensile strength and modulus decreased with the increase of fL, unless the cell size of large ones is smaller than 25 µm. Similarly, the impact experimental results showed that the impact strength decreased with increasing fL, unless the fL is in the range of 25–32%. It indicated that the bi-modal cell structure could lead to the better properties than that of uniform one, when the cell morphology was proper ( fL in the range of 25–32% and the cell size of large ones smaller than 25 µm). The SEM images of impact-fractured surface of bi-modal foams further confirmed that the cell morphology with fL of 32% was more favorable to the absorption of impact energy during the fracture process.
Calcium Hydroxide Suppresses Porphyromonas endodontalis Lipopolysaccharide–induced Bone Destruction
Authors: Guo J. , Yang D. , Okamura H. , Teramachi J. , Ochiai K. , Qiu L. , Haneji T.
Published: March 2014

Porphyromonas endodontalis and its main virulence factor, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are associated with the development of periapical diseases and alveolar bone loss. Calcium hydroxide is commonly used for endodontic therapy. However, the effects of calcium hydroxide on the virulence of P. endodontalis LPS and the mechanism of P. endodontalis LPS–induced bone destruction are not clear. Calcium hydroxide rescued the P. endodontalis LPS–suppressed viability of MC3T3-E1 cells and activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in these cells, resulting in the reduced expression of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, calcium hydroxide inhibited P. endodontalis LPS–induced osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the activities of NF-κB, p38, and ERK1/2 and the expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 in RAW264.7 cells. Calcium hydroxide also rescued the P. endodontalis LPS–induced osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction in mouse calvaria. Taken together, our present results indicate that calcium hydroxide suppressed bone destruction by attenuating the virulence of P. endodontalis LPS on bone cells.
Perceived Physical Health, Psychological Distress, and Social Support Among Prison Officers
Authors: Harvey Joel
Published: March 2014

This research examines perceived physical health, psychological distress, and social support among prison officers in the United Kingdom. The study found that prison officers reported poor perceived physical health and a high level of psychological distress. There were significant correlations between measures of perceived physical health and a measure of psychological distress (indicating that as perceived physical health decreased, psychological distress increased). There was some evidence that social support from within the prison moderated the relationship between perceived physical health and psychological distress, whereas social support from significant others did not. Future research and clinical implications of these findings are considered.
Fresh is Best? Social Position, Cooking, and Vegetable Consumption in France
Authors: Plessz Marie , Gojard Séverine
Published: March 2014

This article uses theories of practice to offer new lines of analysis of distinction through food. Middle-class households typically consume more vegetables than lower-class households. We examine aspects of vegetable consumption practices that might explain this fact. After briefly presenting theories of practice, we define vegetable consumption as a practice. We use household purchase data collected in 2007 for 2600 French households to address two questions: (1) is this theoretical framework relevant in accounting for the determinants of fresh and processed vegetable purchases, and (2) how do commitments to cooking and shopping intervene in the relationship between class position and vegetable consumption? We conclude that distinction occurs through modes of engagement in vegetable consumption. Because the practice’s teleoaffective structure is consistent with middle-class notions of health and proper food, these households engage more in fresh vegetable consumption, even though their commitment to cooking is rather low.
Global Positioning System: a new tool for measurement of animal bites in a rural area near Bangalore, South India
Authors: Masthi NR Ramesh , Undi Malatesh
Published: March 2014

This exploratory study was conducted in villages near Bangalore, South India with the primary objective of spatial mapping animal bite cases using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. GPS technology was useful as a new tool in accurate measurement of animal bite cases.
Retrograde ascending aortic dissection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Yoshizaki Tomoya , Tasaki Dai
Published: March 2014

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair is a valuable alternative treatment option for patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms and type B dissections. However, thoracic endovascular aortic repair is associated with the risk of previously unanticipated severe complications including retrograde ascending aortic dissection. We report the case of an 86-year-old man who developed retrograde ascending aortic dissection as a delayed complication of thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Open surgical repair resulted in a successful outcome.
Who will serve the children? Recruiting and educating future children’s librarians
Authors: Walter Virginia A.
Published: March 2014

The paper identifies some desirable traits for children’s librarians and presents strategies for recruiting people to the profession. Library school curriculum is discussed in terms of learning outcomes based on the ‘Competencies for Librarians Serving Children in Public Libraries’ developed by the Association for Library Service to Children. Limitations of current graduate library education in the United States are acknowledged and examples of professional development opportunities for children’s librarians are given. Finally, suggestions are made for possible actions to advance the education and ongoing training of children’s librarians that the IFLA Section on Libraries for Children and Young Adults could take.