bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING BY COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY (RT-CR) OF THE HELIUM INLET WELDS (HI) OF THE POLOIDAL FIELD COIL (PF1), PRODUCED BY JSC NIIEFA (SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ELECTROPHYSICAL APPARATUS) WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE INTERNATIONAL THERMONUCLEAR EXPERIMENTAL REACTOR (ITER) PROJECT
Authors: Bagaev K. A. , Gurieva T. M. , Mednikov A. A. , Rodin I. Yu. , Sokolov I. V.
Published: November 2019

The manufacturing and non-destructive testing of the superconducting poloidal coil PF1 is one of the tasks of NIIEFA, the member of the international ITER project. Radiographic films were traditionally used for the purposes of radiation non-destructive testing. The technology of computed radiography was used to substitute films. It improved the quality of testing and increased productivity. Comparisons of testing results were carried out using films and imaging plates. The “Test Measurement for Qualification of Computed Radiography method for HI PF1 Weld Seams testing” was developed. It allowed to do testing using imaging plates without installing a duplex wire indicator. Compliance with the standards requirements for unsharpness is confirmed using certified specimens.
MODELING THE DYNAMIC INTERACTION PROCESSES USING OF FUZZY TIMED PETRI NETS OF TYPE VF
Authors: Mustafayev V. A. , Salmanova M. N.
Published: November 2019

The dynamic interacting processes modeling is examined in the article, which shows the complex objects operation in the condition of uncertainty. A formalism intended for the development and analysis models of complex parallel and distributed systems is proposed. It is based on the mathematical apparatus of the fuzzy timed Petri nets (FTPN) of type Vf, representing generalized FTPN of type Vf , combining deterministic and non-deterministic character. The algorithm for the functioning FTPN of type Vf is developed. The proposed algorithm provides a solution to the problem of the triggering solvability of transitions occurring in conflict states, the imposition of a fuzzy structure on the network marking with fuzzy composition laws that determine the values the degrees of belonging the input and output transition positions. The model of parallel functioning processing devices is presented in the FTPN form of type Vf. An approach is proposed for modeling dynamic interacting processes based on the matrix theory of Petri nets, that provides an effective form of structure representation, model state dynamics, the space of achievable states, and triggering transitions sequence in the form of vectors and matrices set. On the example of the production model of mechanical processing, it is shown that the accepted triggering transitions rules fully show the functioning FTPN process of type Vf. As a result of the simulation, the reachability tree is obtained as a sequence of matrices.
APPLICATION OF PERFORMANCE REDUCTION METHODS FOR MINIMIZATION OF ANALYZED NUMBER OF PARALLEL PROGRAM VARIANTS
Authors: Dordopulo A. I.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we review and compare the methods of parallel applications’ development based on the automatic program parallelizing for computer systems with shared and distributed memory and on the information graph’s hardware costs and performance reduction for reconfigurable computer systems. The increase in the number of computer system’s units or in the problem’s dimension leads to the significant growth of the automatic parallelization complexity for a procedural program. As a result, the obtainment of parallelizing results in acceptable time using state-of-the-art computer systems is very problematic. In reconfigurable computer systems, the reduction of absolutely parallel information graph of a problem is applied for the parallel program creation. The information graph illustrates the parallelizing and pipelining of computations. In addition to the traditionally practiced reduction of basic subgraphs’ number, the reductions of computational operations’ quantity and of data digit capacity can be utilized for the performance or hardware costs’ scaling. We have proved that the methods of information graph hardware costs and performance reduction provide a considerable decrease in the number of steps needed for adaptation of parallel application to reconfigurable computer systems’ architectures in comparison with automatic parallelizing. We have proved the theorem of coefficient value at sequential reduction, the theorem of increase in reduction coefficient at custom value and the theorem of commutativity of various reduction transformations. The proved theorems help to find a rational sequence of reduction transformations.
Цифровой разрыв в России: особенности и тенденции
Authors: Добринская Дарья Егоровна , Мартыненко Татьяна Сергеевна
Published: November 2019

В статье рассматриваются ключевые тенденции развития российского общества в контексте стратегической задачи цифровизации всех сфер общественной жизни и, как следствие, сокращения цифрового неравенства. В результате анализа теоретических разработок, посвященных исследованию цифрового разрыва, обозначены основные проблемы в определении этого термина, а также осуществлена попытка систематизации основных подходов к его интерпретации с учетом эволюции данного явления. Проведенный авторами анализ позволяет обозначить специфику социологического изучения цифрового разрыва и цифрового неравенства, в том числе относительно традиционных форм социального неравенства. В статье анализируются три уровня цифрового разрыва: материальная база, обеспечивающая первичный доступ к информационным и коммуникационным технологиям, навыки использования современных технологий, уровень цифровизации жизни, а также жизненные шансы, определяемые как возможности или преимущества использования технологий. На основе данных статистики и вторичных исследований за 2017–2019 гг. делается вывод о перспективах преодоления цифрового разрыва в современной России.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 18-011-01106 «Новые формы социального неравенства и особенности их проявления в современной России».
Конфликт интересов. Статья доработана и дополнена на основе русскоязычной публикации: Добринская Д.Е., Мартыненко Т.С. (2019) Перспективы российского информационного общества: уровни цифрового разрыва // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология. Т. 19. № 1. С. 108–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2019-19-1-108-120
Электронное правительство vs цифровое правительство в контексте цифровой трансформации
Authors: Павлютенкова Марианна Юрьевна
Published: November 2019

Работа затрагивает вопросы преобразования электронного правительства в цифровое в рамках процесса цифровизации, охватившего развитые страны мира. Цель исследования заключается в рассмотрении сущностей электронного правительства и цифрового правительства и разведении этих понятий. Ставится вопрос: является ли цифровое правительство лишь этапом развития электронного правительства или это масштабный проект, представляющий концептуальное развитие электронного правительства, но имеющий принципиальные отличия от него? Методология исследования включает исторический, аналитический методы, системный и сетевой подходы, социологические и статистические методы, эмпирические методы (рейтингование, включенное наблюдение).

В статье анализируются сущность и этапы становления и развития электронного и цифрового правительств. Изучение аналитических исследований, в частности десяти докладов ООН по развитию электронного правительства с 2001 по 2018 гг. и ряда других документов, позволило проследить эволюцию определений, понимания электронного правительства и направлений его развития, а также зафиксировать момент концептуального сдвига от электронного правительства к цифровому. Сформулированы базовые принципы и даны обобщенные характеристики цифрового правительства.

Сделаны выводы о том, что в концепции электронного правительства основное внимание было сосредоточено на предоставлении услуг в электронном виде. Цифровое правительство, являясь развитием электронного правительства, уникально отличается от него, будучи всеобъемлющей концепцией и обладая рядом специфических аспектов, которые должны стать ключевыми стратегическими элементами политики государства, осуществляющего цифровую трансформацию.
Цифровизация экономики России: тенденции, кадры, платформы, вызовы государству
Authors: Расторгуев Сергей Викторович , Тян Юлия Сергеевна
Published: November 2019

Проанализирована взаимосвязь индекса глобальной конкурентоспособности российской экономики с различными цифровыми индексами на основе метода полигона распределения. На макроуровне с помощью статистических методов корреляционного и регрессионного анализа рассчитывается зависимость основных индикаторов цифровизации экономики и выявляются ключевые тренды. В рамках концепции К. Шваба «Индустрия 4.0», интерпретирующей взаимозависимость технологических, социальных, культурных, политических изменений, исследуется подготовка кадров для цифровой экономики в ведущих российских университетах. Делается вывод о необходимости введения в учебные планы дисциплин, отражающих запросы работодателей на цифровизацию бизнес-процессов. Через призму концепции изменения бизнес-процессов и трансформации цепочки создания стоимости анализируется отраслевой кейс «Яндекс.Такси». Показывается роль платформ, маркетплейсов, «больших данных» в создании сетевого эффекта.

Авторы делают вывод об эволюционном («ползучем») характере цифровизации в макроэкономике, социальной сфере современной России и возможности революционного («галопирующего») изменения отдельного сегмента рынка. Цифровые трансформации бизнес-процессов приводят к существенным изменениям модели пяти сил М. Портера. Такие классические концепты, как спрос, предложение, клиенты, поставщики, конкуренты, заимствуют друг у друга ряд существенных характеристик, что создает новую рыночную ситуацию. Авторы акцентируют внимание на том, что внешние неблагоприятные эффекты цифровизации должны решаться с помощью государства, бюджетной политики и правового регулирования.
«Много здесь, кто в стриме…» Распространение социальных медиа и девальвация основных средств массовой информации в Венгрии
Authors: Сирмаи Эва
Published: November 2019

В Венгрии с 1989 г. идут горячие споры о статусе общественного телевидения и радио. Центральным вопросом этих дебатов является политическая принадлежность электронных СМИ и возможности появления оппозиции и гражданской сферы в общественных медиа. Оппозиционные партии (в парламенте и вне его), а также гражданские организации недостаточно представлены в основных средствах массовой информации, их позиции с большей вероятностью будут опосредованы через социальные сети, в первую очередь Facebook или тематические блоги.

В декабре 2018 г. в венгерском парламенте, несмотря на обструкцию оппозиции, был принят новый закон о труде (с тех пор известен как «Закон о рабстве»). Прошли демонстрации против закона, организованные оппозиционными партиями, профсоюзами и гражданскими организациями. Из-за отсутствия объективного и беспристрастного репортажа об этих событиях на каналах общественных средств массовой информации изменились темы требований, необходимость свободного и независимого информирования была объявлена ​​одним из основных. Прямые трансляции событий, произошедших перед зданием парламента и государственного телерадиовещателя, были почти исключительно доступны пользователям Facebook через стриминговое видео участников. Таким образом, сервис Facebook «прямой эфир» (потоковое видео в реальном времени через мобильные устройства) стал важнейшим источником информации и самым эффективным инструментом мобилизации. Этот сервис позволил лидерам общественного мнения связаться со своими последователями, а участникам — задокументировать акции полиции и насильственные действия. Интерактивность способствовала конфронтации мнений на платформе Facebook и стала способом политической активизации.

В статье рассматривается, как эти события представлены в личных профилях лидеров оппозиционных партий, как использование функции «прямой эфир» влияет на исход событий и как политические дискуссии в социальных сетях могут привести к беспрецедентному уровню активности гражданского общества. Анализируя комментарии самых популярных публикаций (используя программное обеспечение для качественного анализа MAXQDA), автор исследует, способны ли пропагандистские сообщения — как со стороны правящей партии, так и со стороны оппозиции — радикализировать читателей, создать образ врага или углубить конфронтацию.
NONFIGURATIVE APPROACH: SUSTAINABLE ADAPTIVE REUSE TO RESPOND TO CITY’S EVOLUTION
Authors: Laksitoadi Baskoro , Cattaneo E C
Published: November 2019

This paper describes an approach of adaptive reuse on an abandoned buildings due to the rapid changes of economy and policy in the city. The keyword ‘nonfigurative’ is used because this approach is focused on creating connections and relationship rather than a physical building. Two other keywords are also used to support it. ‘Contextual’ means that history, spirit of place (genius loci), and existing set of rules given by the existing building are the key starting point while ‘flexible’ means that the product of this approach must have the ability to respond to the ever-changing needs of a city. Nowadays, buildings are left obsolete far earlier that its life span initially assumed. This situation often leaves us with ruins in the landscape or even in the middle of our city. In the era of uncertainty where city evolves swiftly due to the rapid changes of economy, policy, and technology, we believe that a nonfigurative approach is a sustainable way to respond to this problem. It will be able to maximize the unexplored potential of an obsolete or even an abandoned building, and equip them with the ability to evolve along with the city.
Dynamic cerebral perfusion parameters and magnetic nanoparticle accumulation assessed by AC biosusceptometry
Authors: Próspero André Gonçalves , Soares Guilherme Augusto , Moretto Gustavo Morlin , Quini Caio C. , Bakuzis Andris Figueiroa , de Arruda Miranda José Ricardo
Published: November 2019

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) assessment is mainly performed by scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). New approaches to assess the CBF through the passage of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to blood-brain barrier (BBB) are convenient to help decrease the use of ionizing radiation and unleash the required MRI schedule in clinics. The development of nanomedicine and new biomedical devices, such as the magnetic particle imaging (MPI), enabled new approaches to study dynamic brain blood flow. In this paper, we employed MNPs and the alternating current biosusceptometry (ACB) to study the brain perfusion. We utilized the mannitol, before the MNPs, injection to modulate the BBB permeability and study its effects on the circulation time of the MNPs in the brain of rats. Also, we characterized a new ACB sensor to increase the systems’ applicability to study the MNPs’ accumulation, especially in the animals’ brain. Our data showed that the injection of mannitol increased the circulation time of MNPs in the brain. Also, the mannitol increased the accumulation of MNPs in the brain. This paper suggests the use of the ACB as a tool to study brain perfusion and accumulation of MNPs in studies of new nano agents focused on the brain diagnostics and treatment.
Validation and verification of examination procedures in medical laboratories: opinion of the EFLM Working Group Accreditation and ISO/CEN standards (WG-A/ISO) on dealing with ISO 15189:2012 demands for method verification and validation
Authors: Roelofsen-de Beer Roseri , Wielders Jos , Boursier Guilaine , Vodnik Tatjana , Vanstapel Florent , Huisman Willem , Vukasović Ines , Vaubourdolle Michel , Sönmez Çiğdem , Linko Solveig , Brugnoni Duilio , Kroupis Christos , Lohmander Maria , Šprongl Luděk , Bernabeu-Andreu Francisco , Meško Brguljan Pika , Thelen Marc
Published: November 2019

This paper reflects the opinion of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group Accreditation and ISO/CEN standards (WG-A/ISO). It aims to provide guidance for drawing up local/national documents about validation and verification of laboratory methods. We demonstrate how risk evaluation can be used to optimize laboratory policies to meet intended use requirements as well as requirements of standards. This is translated in a number of recommendations on how to introduce risk evaluation in various stages of the implementation of new methods ultimately covering the whole process cycle.
Intermediale Wechselwirkung von Text und Bild zur Stilisierung einer idealen Märchenerzählerin
Authors: Murayama Isamitsu
Published: November 2019

Das Frontispizbildnis der Dorothea Viehmann zu den Kinder- und Hausmärchen untermauert zusammen mit den wissenschaftlichen Texten der Brüder Grimm die Authentizität der mündlichen Märchen als ein kulturelles Gedächtnis. Anhand der drei Fassungen dieses Porträts ist auch eine enge Wechselwirkung zwischen der Grimm’schen Beschreibung der Erzählerin und ihrer Visualisierung durch Ludwig Emil Grimm festzustellen, in das auch physiognomische Betrachtungsweisen, orientalistische Stereotypisierungen und Trauerarbeit mit hineinspielen. Somit konstruieren und stabilisieren die Brüder Grimm eine ideale Erzählerin, und das Porträt selbst wird damit zum kulturellen Gedächtnis.
Fabrication, mechanical properties and failure mechanism of random and aligned nanofiber membrane with different parameters
Authors: Liu Su-dan , Li Dian-sen , Yang Ying , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2019

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membranes with different concentrations, rotary speeds and four kinds of aligned with fiber orientation of 0∘, 0∘/90∘, 0∘/90∘/+45∘and 0∘/90∘/+45∘/−45∘were prepared via electrospinning technique. The nanofiber membranes were morphologically characterized and mechanically tested. The results showed that nanofibers have uniform structure without any beads when the concentration increased 12wt%. The tensile strength and modulus of PAN nanofiber membranes increase with increasing the concentration. The orientation of nanofibers increases significantly with increasing rotary speed and fabricated nanofibers membrane has best orientation and tensile properties at 2500rpm. Moreover, the tensile properties can be affected greatly by the fiber structure and these decrease significantly with increasing the fiber orientation angle. The results also show that the nanofiber membranes exhibit obvious ductile fracture characteristics. Moreover, shear characteristics become more evident with increasing the concentration, and the failure mode changes from shear feature to flush fracture with increasing the rotary speed. In addition, the failure patterns vary with fiber structure and the main damage is in the form of interlayer delaminating, interface debonding, fibers tearing and breakage of the nanofibers.
A critique on multi-jet electrospinning: State of the art and future outlook
Authors: El-Sayed Hosam , Vineis Claudia , Varesano Alessio , Mowafi Salwa , Andrea Carletto Riccardo , Tonetti Cinzia , Abou Taleb Marwa
Published: November 2019

This review is devoted to discuss the unique characteristics of multi-jet electrospinning technique, compared to other spinning techniques, and its utilization in spinning of natural as well as synthetic polymers. The advantages and inadequacies of the current commercial chemical spinning methods; namely wet spinning, melt spinning, dry spinning, and electrospinning are discussed. The unconventional applications of electrospinning in textile and non-textile sectors are reported. Special emphasis is devoted to the theory and technology of the multijet electrospinning as well as its applications. The current status of multi-jet electrospining and future prospects are outlined. Using multi-jet electrospinning technique, various polymers have been electrospun into uniform blend nanofibrous mats with good dispersibility. In addition to the principle of multi-jet electro electrospinning, the different devices used for this technique are also highlighted.
Fractionation of biomass and plastic wastes to value-added products via stepwise pyrolysis: a state-of-art review
Authors: Shen Yafei
Published: November 2019

Pyrolysis has been considered as a promising thermochemical process that can convert biomass in nonoxidizing atmospheres to value-added liquid bio-oil, solid biochar, and noncondensable gas products. Fast pyrolysis has a better economic return because of the valuable biofuel production (e.g. bio-oil, syngas). Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the feedstocks, the one-step pyrolysis often leads to the mixed, acidic, and highly oxygenated liquid products. Moreover, the downstream processes (e.g. deoxygenation) for the desired fuels require high costs on energy and catalysts consumption. Stepwise pyrolysis is defined as a temperature-programmed pyrolysis that can separately obtain the products from each temperature step. It is a feasible approach to accomplish the fractionation by optimizing the pyrolysis process based on the decomposition temperature ranges and products among the biomass constituents. In recent years, the stepwise pyrolysis technology has gained attentions in thermochemical conversion of complex organic solid wastes. Through the stepwise pyrolysis of a real waste, oxygenated and acidic products were concentrated in the first-step liquid product, whereas the second-step product normally contained a high portion of hydrocarbon with low acidity. The stepwise pyrolysis of biomass, plastics, and their mixtures is comprehensively reviewed with the objective of fully understanding the related mechanisms, influence factors, and challenges.
A new binuclear NiII complex with tetrafluorophthalate and 2,2′-bipyridine ligands: synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties
Authors: Li Jun-Xia , Du Zhong-Xiang , Feng Xun
Published: November 2019

A new NiII compound, [Ni2(tfpa)2(bipy)2(H2O)4] (1) with tetrafluorophthalate (tfpa2−) and 2,2′-bipyridine (abbreviated as bipy) ligands, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the tfpa2− anions act as bis-monodentate linkers connecting NiII centers to form the dinuclear structure of 1. The dimeric units are stabilized by intramolecular π–π stacking and are further connected into a layer through O–HLO hydrogen bonding. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data in the 10–200 K temperature range indicate weak ferromagnetic coupling between the two NiII ions.
Energy Metabolism in Continuous, High-Intensity, and Sprint Interval Training Protocols With Matched Mean Intensity
Authors: Eigendorf Julian , Maassen Mirja , Apitius Dirk , Maassen Norbert
Published: November 2019

Eigendorf, J, Maassen, M, Apitius, D, and Maassen, N. Energy metabolism in continuous, high-intensity, and sprint interval training protocols with matched mean intensity. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3104–3110, 2021—To evaluate acute physiological reactions and energy metabolism with 3 different training regimes, 7 subjects performed a high-intensity interval training (HIT), a sprint interval training (SIT), and a continuous training (CT) in a cross-over design. All training sessions were matched for relative mean intensity (50% Pmax). Stress-to-pause-ratios were chosen as 6–24 seconds (SIT) and 30–30 seconds (HIT) for interval protocols. No significant differences (significance level p ≤ 0.05) were found for oxygen uptake (V̇o
2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), slope of RER (RERslope), and heart rate between the different training regimes. Lactate concentrations ([Lac]) in CT were significantly lower (p < 0.01) compared with HIT and SIT. No significant differences were found for free fatty acids ([FFA], p = 0.41) and glycerol ([GLY], p = 0.26) levels during all 3 training protocols (CT 0.27 mmol·L−1, SIT 0.22 mmol·L−1, and HIT 0.22 mmol·L−1). Ammonia (NH3, p > 0.05) levels did not show significant differences between the 3 training protocols during exercise phase. The comparable physiological reactions of [FFA], [GLY], and RER show that the activation of fat metabolism is not different between training regimes with different stress-to-pause-ratios. Moreover, mean intensity and time of exercise influence activation of fat metabolism. Increases in [NH3] suggest similar sources between the 3 training protocols and the need for further research concerning amino acid deamination. The better understanding of the acute reactions and changing of the energy metabolism during training sessions will help athletes in planning and executing their training sessions more efficiently and more precisely in the context of periodization.
Immune System Modulation in Response to Strength Training With Blood Flow Restriction
Authors: de Souza Thiago S.P. , de S. Pfeiffer Patrick A. , do N. Pereira Jordan , Pereira Neto Elísio A. , Dutra Thaysa S. , de Mendonça Mayara G.L. , Cirilo-Sousa Maria Socorro
Published: November 2019

de Souza, TSP, de S. Pfeiffer, PA, do N. Pereira, J, Pereira Neto, EA, Dutra, TS, de Mendonça, MGL, and Cirilo-Sousa, MS. Immune system modulation in response to strength training with blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2156–2161, 2022—This study aimed to compare strength training with blood flow restriction (ST-BFR) with multiple-set training at different intensities (30% of repetition maximum [1RM] and 75% of 1RM) for their effect on immunoinflammatory responses (total leukocytes, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and lymphocyte subpopulations). It is a randomized experimental study with a repeated-measures design with intergroup and intragroup effects of a strength training session. Eighteen physically active adults aged 20–31 years (26.17 ± 3.7 years), apparently healthy, performed a strength training session with 2 exercises. Six milliliters of blood was collected before training, immediately after training, and at 30 minutes and 24 hours after the session to perform analyses. The results showed that strength training could promote modulation (time effect) in the leukocyte count (F = 25.86, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.74), regardless of the method used. Neutrophils (F = 22.71, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.60), especially TCD4+ lymphocytes (F = 6.33, p < 0.05, η2 = 0, 3), were the main factors responsible for this variation. Despite the similarity, there were differences between the methods in modulations of total leukocytes (F = 4.16, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.36) and neutrophils (F = 4.80, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.39). In conclusion, compared with the multiple-set training, ST-BFR produces immunoinflammatory responses similar to low-intensity training and different from high-intensity training. However, the demargination process of some cells was different depending on the method and intensity used. Nevertheless, these variations are compatible with an appropriate recovery process because of the amplitude and length of modulation curves of leukocytes, and lymphocyte subpopulations were not compatible with immunosuppression.
Comparison of Countermovement Jump–Derived Reactive Strength Index Modified and Underpinning Force-Time Variables Between Super League and Championship Rugby League Players
Authors: McMahon John J. , Jones Paul A. , Comfort Paul
Published: November 2019

McMahon, JJ, Jones, PA, and Comfort, P. Comparison of countermovement jump–derived reactive strength index modified and underpinning force-time variables between super league and championship rugby league players. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 226–231, 2022—The countermovement jump (CMJ) is regularly tested in rugby league (RL), with recent work reporting reactive strength index modified (RSImod) to distinguish between levels of play. Differences in CMJ-derived RSImod and underpinning force-time variables between English Super League (SL) and RL Championship (RLC) players are, however, unknown. As SL and RLC teams compete against each other, this study addressed this knowledge gap. Sixty RL players from the English SL (n = 30) and RLC (n = 30) performed 3 CMJs on a force platform at the start of the preseason training. The RSImod was calculated by dividing jump height (JH) by time to take-off (TTT), and several other variables were also extracted from the force-time record. The SL players achieved a significantly higher (large effect) RSImod by performing the CMJ with a significantly shorter (large effect) TTT but a similar (small effect) JH. The SL players achieved the shorter TTT through a significantly reduced (large effects) relative displacement during both the countermovement (combined unweighting and braking displacement) and propulsion phases but a significantly higher (moderate effects) propulsion peak force and power. The relationships between TTT and relative countermovement (r = 0.719, p < 0.001) and propulsion (r = 0.771, p < 0.001) displacement for combined group data were very large. Practitioners working in RL should, therefore, consider reporting RSImod and TTT, alongside JH, after CMJ force-time testing. We also suggest that RL players who produce lower RSImod scores would benefit from being trained to produce larger CMJ propulsion forces over a shallower range of hip, knee, and ankle extension.
Essential Skills for Superior Wave-Riding Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Forsyth James R. , Riddiford-Harland Diane L. , Whitting John W. , Sheppard Jeremy M. , Steele Julie R.
Published: November 2019

Forsyth, JR, Riddiford-Harland, DL, Whitting, JW, Sheppard, JM, and Steele, JR. Essential skills for superior wave-riding performance: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 3003–3011, 2020—To successfully and safely perform surfing maneuvers, surfers and their coaches need to know how to perform each maneuver correctly. Although some components of the sport are well understood, evidence-based recommendations in the scientific literature on how to perform surfing skills are sparse. The aim of this article was to systematically review the body of literature pertaining to discrete wave-riding skills and characteristics that are associated with the ability of surfers to successfully perform them. Searches of PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus with Full-text, and Web of Science were undertaken in January 2019, to identify the most appropriate literature, with secondary searches of reference lists used to create a greater pool of possible articles. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Ten studies deemed appropriate for review captured data from 299 surfers, who were predominantly competitive (78.3%) and male (58.2%). The average Down and Black Quality Index of the articles was 76.3 ± 8.4%, with these articles focusing on the “pop-up” and landing skills. Performance indicators, such as isometric push-up peak forces, force-plate derived and in-water time to pop-up, relative peak forces generated when landing and time-to-stabilization, were all shown to be related to the physical characteristics of surfers and could affect the ability of surfers to successfully ride a wave. Findings from the studies included in this review suggest that the pop-up and landing exhibit trainable qualities that coaches and athletes can use to improve surfing performance.
Is the Functional Threshold Power a Valid Metric to Estimate the Maximal Lactate Steady State in Cyclists?
Authors: Lillo-Beviá José Ramón , Courel-Ibáñez Javier , Cerezuela-Espejo Victor , Morán-Navarro Ricardo , Martínez-Cava Alejandro , Pallarés Jesús G.
Published: November 2019

Lillo-Beviá, JR, Courel-Ibáñez, J, Cerezuela-Espejo, V, Morán-Navarro, R, Martínez-Cava, A, and Pallarés, JG. Is the functional threshold power a valid metric to estimate the maximal lactate steady state in cyclists? J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 167–173, 2022—The aims of this study were to determine (a) the repeatability of a 20-minute time-trial (TT20), (b) the location of the TT20 in relation to the main physiological events of the aerobic-anaerobic transition, and (c) the predictive power of a list of correction factors and linear/multiple regression analysis applied to the TT20 result to estimate the individual maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Under laboratory conditions, 11 trained male cyclists and triathletes (V̇o
2max 59.7 ± 3.0 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed a maximal graded exercise test to record the power output associated with the first and second ventilatory thresholds and V̇o
2max measured by indirect calorimetry, several 30 minutes constant tests to determine the MLSS, and 2 TT20 tests with a short warm-up. Very high repeatability of TT20 tests was confirmed (standard error of measurement of ±3 W and smallest detectable change of ±9 W). Validity results revealed that MLSS differed substantially from TT20 (bias = 26 ± 7 W). The maximal lactate steady state was then estimated from the traditional 95% factor (bias = 12 ± 7 W) and a novel individual correction factor (ICF% = MLSS/TT20), resulting in 91% (bias = 1 ± 6 W). Complementary linear (MLSS = 0.7488 × TT20 + 43.24; bias = 0 ± 5 W) and multiple regression analysis (bias = 0 ± 4 W) substantially improved the individual MLSS workload estimation. These findings suggest reconsidering the TT20 procedures and calculations to increase the effectiveness of the MLSS prediction.
The Measurement of the Internal Relative Humidity of Concrete at Early Ages
Authors: Wilson Cameron , Weiss Jason
Published: November 2019

Measurement of the internal relative humidity (RH) in concrete can be used to describe the availability of water, which has implications on several properties including shrinkage and hydration rate. However, accurate measurement of the internal RH of concrete is challenging, especially at early ages. This article examines different methods of using capacitive sensors for measuring the internal RH of concrete. The capacitive RH sensors are typically placed inside a void that enables the RH of the air within the void to be measured. Condensation of water vapor (caused by variation in temperature of the sample) has been observed to result in unreliable measurements, calibration issues, sensor malfunction, and sensor damage. Sensors may be heated cyclically to evaporate the condensed water vapor; however, many of these sensors failed to operate properly. Continuously heated sensors maintain the sensor at a higher temperature than the ambient concrete to reduce the potential for the formation of condensation. The continuously heated sensor provided the best results and is a good candidate for future testing. Suggestions for the measurement of internal concrete RH and calibration of the sensors are provided.
The use of questionnaires for assessment of customer’s needs in seeds laboratories
Authors: Vergara Rafael De Oliveira , Gadotti Gizele Ingrid , Dos Reis Angelo Vieira
Published: November 2019

O uso de questionários é habitual na identificação das necessidades do cliente. Essa identificação é feita com o auxílio de literatura, análise de técnicas semelhantes, consulta a especialistas, usando simulações e um questionário aos clientes. Este trabalho não é uma avaliação do produto, mas de um serviço. O conceito de ciclo de vida é amplamente utilizado para a concepção dos produtos, mas não tem um uso para serviços porque a sua caracterização é diferente. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é incorporar o conceito de ciclo de vida e questionários em um serviço como um laboratório de sementes, a fim de fazer um mapeamento mais preciso das necessidades e desejos dos clientes. Assim, a identificação dos clientes internos e externos, identificando ciclo de vida de amostras de sementes, fazer um questionário sobre as necessidades e aplicá-lo a clientes identificados anteriormente no processo. Os resultados mostraram que: ciclo de vida do laboratório de sementes é uma ferramenta eficiente para a identificação das necessidades do cliente; E a metodologia de questionários deve ser utilizada com mais freqüência como uma ferramenta de gestão; 24% dos clientes estão insatisfeitos com os resultados de ensaios de emissões.
TENDÊNCIA DE SÉRIES DE PRECIPITAÇÃO TOTAL MENSAL PARA LOCALIDADES DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Silva Gisele Machado da , Teixeira-Gandra Claudia Fernanda Almeida , Damé Rita de Cássia Fraga , Klumb Gustavo Bubolz , Veber Patrick
Published: November 2019

Evidências científicas sobre as alterações climáticas em nível mundial vêm despertando interesses crescentes na comunidade científica em geral. A importância na detecção das referidas alterações reside no fato de que uma vez detectada é possível o levantamento da situação, objetivando dar um panorama do comportamento hídrico da região. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo preliminar, identificar a presença ou ausência de tendência nas séries de precipitação total mensal em 40 estações pluviais, localizadas nas sete mesorregiões do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, totalizando 42 anos (1961-2002), obtidas do banco de dados da Agência Nacional de Águas. Inicialmente foi realizada a verificação da independência das séries temporais por meio do teste de autocorrelação serial e após a detecção da existência de tendência monotônica e pontos de mudança, a partir dos testes não paramétricos de Mann-Kendall e Mann-Whitney. Das 40 estações analisadas, apenas 6 foram consideradas independentes e destas a localidade de Pelotas apresentou alteração de tendência quando da utilização do teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney, que utiliza séries subdivididas, comparativamente ao teste de Mann-Kendall, que utiliza a série completa.
Impactos ambientais dos resíduos de pescado
Authors: Decker Anderson Tiago , Rodrigues Eveline Araujo , De Almeida Jaqueline Colvara , Quadro Maurízio Silveira , Leandro Diuliana , Andreazza Robson , Barcelos Amauri Antunes
Published: November 2019

Entre as diversas atividades econômicas que causam impactos ao meio ambiente destacamos o setor pesqueiro. Esta atividade apresenta uma grande geração de resíduos em todas as etapas do seu processo produtivo. Diante disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar alguns impactos ambientais ocasionados pela geração de resíduos resultantes da atividade pesqueira da Colônia de Pescadores Z-3, localizada em Pelotas - RS. Desta forma, primeiramente, analisou-se os efeitos causados pela disposição dos resíduos pesqueiros no solo, através de ensaios de atividade microbiana. Além deste experimento, foi realizado um diagnóstico com a finalidade de conhecer a quantidade, as características e a destinação dos resíduos gerados durante a atividade pesqueira da região estudada. Com este estudo foi possível observar que os principais impactos ambientais relacionados a geração de resíduos oriundos da atividade pesqueira da Colônia Z-3 são decorrentes da forma de disposição destes resíduos e da grande quantidade gerada. Por outro lado, este trabalho demonstrou que a área de estudo mostra potencial no processo de aproveitamento de resíduos pesqueiros, devido à quantidade e qualidade dos resíduos produzidos.
Análise ergonômica do trabalho de um guichê de estacionamento
Authors: Rodeghiero Neto Italo , Zanchin Mayara , Brombilla Douglas De Castro , Andrade Isabela Fernandes
Published: November 2019

O excesso de movimentos repetitivos durante a jornada de trabalho é observado no desempenho de várias atividades, entre elas nos operadores de caixa, podendo causar lesões aos trabalhadores. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as condições ergonômicas de trabalho dos operadores de caixa do guichê de estacionamento de um shopping center. A escolha deste objeto de estudo se justifica por se tratar de um espaço de uso coletivo e, também, pela diversidade de usuários atendidos. Para a avaliação ergonômica foram usados três métodos: RULA, REBA e EAMETA. Os resultados do primeiro indicaram que há risco de nível intermediário - onde foi evidenciada torção no pulso e no tronco, por exemplo. Já no segundo se evidenciou a necessidade de uma intervenção com o intuito de evitar as chances de lesões por esforço repetitivo. Por fim, no terceiro método ratificou-se que a atividade desempenhada pelos funcionários é a mesma prescrita pelos supervisores. Com base nos resultados obtidos a partir da aplicação dos métodos, foi possível sugerir alterações posturais e de mobiliários – como utilização de cadeiras com encosto e extensão da bancada reduzida – a fim de eliminar e/ou reduzir lesões causadas aos trabalhadores.
Criação de peças tridimensionais complexas a partir de impressora 3D compacta: Protótipos de um microgerador eólico
Authors: Garré Saulo De Oliveira , Petry Adriane Prisco , De Paula Alexandre Vagtinski , Luz José Leandro Rosales , Vecina Tanit Daniel Jodar , Weymar Guilherme Jahnecke
Published: November 2019

Este trabalho apresenta a metodologia para confeccionar-se peças complexas a partir de uma impressora 3D compacta. Para tanto desenvolvem-se testes iniciais necessários para se conhecer o equipamento, descreve-se o tempo demandado para a prototipagem, apresentam-se as soluções para impressão remota, expõem-se os custos (impressão in loco versus terceirização do serviço) e os resultados dos diversos testes. Para avaliar a qualidade da impressão resultante, projetam-se pás aerodinâmicas que originam dois protótipos de um microgerador eólico, os quais são expostos a escoamento de ar forçado em túnel aerodinâmico. O processo de impressão 3D administrado, consegue traduzir fidedignamente as características aerodinâmicas de uma pá eólica. Por esse motivo, os protótipos idealizados neste trabalho, auxiliam na tomada de decisão para o projeto e construção de um microgerador eólico que será concebido em escala real. Evidenciando a viabilidade de se utilizar impressoras compactas no desenvolvimento de projetos complexos. Após as análises de projeto, de prototipagem e dos testes, constata-se a viabilidade econômica do processo executado in loco, mesmo se for necessário a aquisição do equipamento 3D.
On Verminous Life
Authors: Roy Parama
Published: November 2019

By the nineteenth century, models of just and civilized sociability in the Anglophone world came to encompass forms of obligation to the nonhuman, and the colony assumed the status of a crucial theater for thinking about forms of cruelty, sympathy, and protection. On the terrain of the Indian colony, this new moral economy of care and inclusion encountered an existing Indic economy of vegetarianism and nonkilling of animals, which it sought to cast, not as kindness to animals, but as a form of cruelty to them—of vegetarian cruelty if you will. Using John Lockwood Kipling’s Beast and Man in India (1891) as its text, the essay examines the encounter of these two contrasting economies of animal protection and animal cruelty, especially Kipling’s understanding of carnivory as the basis not only for human sociability but also of kindness to the nonhuman.
Checkpoint Regulation of Nuclear Tos4 Defines S Phase Arrest in Fission Yeast
Authors: Kim Seong M , Tripathi Vishnu P , Shen Kuo-Fang , Forsburg Susan L
Published: November 2019

From yeast to humans, the cell cycle is tightly controlled by regulatory networks that regulate cell proliferation and can be monitored by dynamic visual markers in living cells. We have observed S phase progression by monitoring nuclear accumulation of the FHA-containing DNA binding protein Tos4, which is expressed in the G1/S phase transition. We use Tos4 localization to distinguish three classes of DNA replication mutants: those that arrest with an apparent 1C DNA content and accumulate Tos4 at the restrictive temperature; those that arrest with an apparent 2C DNA content, that do not accumulate Tos4; and those that proceed into mitosis despite a 1C DNA content, again without Tos4 accumulation. Our data indicate that Tos4 localization in these conditions is responsive to checkpoint kinases, with activation of the Cds1 checkpoint kinase promoting Tos4 retention in the nucleus, and activation of the Chk1 damage checkpoint promoting its turnover. Tos4 localization therefore allows us to monitor checkpoint-dependent activation that responds to replication failure in early vs. late S phase.
Escherichia coli Metabolite Profiling Leads to the Development of an RNA Interference Strain for Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Neve Isaiah A A , Sowa Jessica N , Lin Chih-Chun J , Sivaramakrishnan Priya , Herman Christophe , Ye Youqiong , Han Leng , Wang Meng C
Published: November 2019

The relationship of genotypes to phenotypes can be modified by environmental inputs. Such crucial environmental inputs include metabolic cues derived from microbes living together with animals. Thus, the analysis of genetic effects on animals’ physiology can be confounded by variations in the metabolic profile of microbes. Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to distinct bacterial strains and species exhibit phenotypes different at cellular, developmental, and behavioral levels. Here we reported metabolomic profiles of three Escherichia coli strains, B strain OP50, K-12 strain MG1655, and B-K-12 hybrid strain HB101, as well as different mitochondrial and fat storage phenotypes of C. elegans exposed to MG1655 and HB101 vs. OP50. We found that these metabolic phenotypes of C. elegans are not correlated with overall metabolic patterning of bacterial strains, but their specific metabolites. In particular, the fat storage phenotype is traced to the betaine level in different bacterial strains. HT115 is another K-12 E. coli strain that is commonly utilized to elicit an RNA interference response, and we showed that C. elegans exposed to OP50 and HT115 exhibit differences in mitochondrial morphology and fat storage levels. We thus generated an RNA interference competent OP50 (iOP50) strain that can robustly and consistently knockdown endogenous C. elegans genes in different tissues. Together, these studies suggest the importance of specific bacterial metabolites in regulating the host’s physiology and provide a tool to prevent confounding effects when analyzing genotype-phenotype interactions under different bacterial backgrounds.
Genome Sequencing of Musa acuminata Dwarf Cavendish Reveals a Duplication of a Large Segment of Chromosome 2
Authors: Busche Mareike , Pucker Boas , Viehöver Prisca , Weisshaar Bernd , Stracke Ralf
Published: November 2019

Different Musa species, subspecies, and cultivars are currently investigated to reveal their genomic diversity. Here, we compare the genome sequence of one of the commercially most important cultivars, Musa acuminata Dwarf Cavendish, against the Pahang reference genome assembly. Numerous small sequence variants were detected and the ploidy of the cultivar presented here was determined as triploid based on sequence variant frequencies. Illumina sequence data also revealed a duplication of a large segment on the long arm of chromosome 2 in the Dwarf Cavendish genome. Comparison against previously sequenced cultivars provided evidence that this duplication is unique to Dwarf Cavendish. Although no functional relevance of this duplication was identified, this example shows the potential of plants to tolerate such aneuploidies.
The market of banking services to population: the crisis of confidence, and its impact on perspectives of overcoming
Authors: Brus Svitlana , Bublyk Yevhen
Published: November 2019

In the article have been described main features of commercial banks politics in the field of deposit and credit services for the physical persons during the current financial crisis. There are considered reasons of declining people trust to the banks and tendency to change bank politics according to act of intensifying crisis of trust and credit resources shortage.
Researched problems of reactivation commercial banks credit activity in modern economic conditions.
Risk of child labor in the region (on the example of region of the Lviv)
Authors: Mulska Olha
Published: November 2019

Analyzed the nature of child labor in the region (Lviv), found the main motivating factors for distributing child labor.
The risks of child labor in the region investigated.
Sociological research of corporate social responsibility in adjusting of risks in social and labor relations
Authors: Oliinyk Oleh
Published: November 2019

The article carried out sociological research of corporate social responsibility in adjusting of risks in social and labor relations. The level of its accordance international standards after different directions was certainly.
Conclusions about the most substantial problems in adjusting of risks in social and labor relations were grounded.