bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluid–structural coupling of an impinging shock–turbulent boundary layer interaction at Mach 3 over a flexible panel
Authors: Hoy Jonathan , Bermejo-Moreno Iván
Published: December 2022

We present high-fidelity numerical simulations of the interaction of an oblique shock impinging on the turbulent boundary layer developed over a rectangular flexible panel, replicating wind tunnel experiments by Daub et al. (AIAA Journal, vol. 54, 2016, pp. 670–678). The incoming free-stream Mach and unit Reynolds numbers are

$M_{\infty } = 3$

and

$Re_{\infty }=49.4\times 10^6 {\rm m}^{-1}$

, respectively. The reference boundary layer thickness upstream of the interaction with the shock is

$\delta _0 = 4$

mm. The oblique shock is generated with a rotating wedge initially parallel to the flow that increases the deflection angle up to

$\theta _{{max}} = 17.5^{\circ }$

within approximately

$15$

ms. A loosely coupled partitioned flow–structure interaction simulation methodology is used, combining a finite-volume flow solver of the compressible wall-modelled large-eddy simulation equations, an isoparametric finite-element solid mechanics solver and a spring-system-based mesh deformation solver. Simulations are conducted with rigid and flexible panels, and the results compared to elucidate the effects of panel flexibility on the interaction. Three-dimensional effects are evaluated by conducting simulations with both full (

$50 \delta _0$

) and reduced (

$5\delta _0$

) spanwise panel width, the latter enforcing spanwise periodicity. Panel flexibility is found to increase the separation bubble size and modify its spectral dynamics. Time- and spanwise-averaged streamwise profiles of the wall pressure exhibit a drop over the flexible panel prior to the interaction and a reduced peak pressure in comparison with the rigid case. Spectral analyses of wall pressure data indicate that the low-frequency motions have a similar spectral distribution for the rigid and flexible cases, but the flexible case shows a wider region dominated by low-frequency motions and traces of the panel vibration on the wall pressure signal. The sensitivity of the interaction to small variations in the wedge extent and incoming boundary layer thickness is evaluated. Predictions obtained from lower-fidelity modelling simplifications are also assessed.
How Exile Shapes Online Opposition: Evidence from Venezuela
Authors: ESBERG JANE , SIEGEL ALEXANDRA A.
Published: December 2022

How does exile affect online dissent? By internationalizing activists’ networks and removing them from day-to-day life under the regime, we argue that exile fundamentally alters activists’ political opportunities and strategic behavior. We test the effect of exile on activists’ public discourse in the case of Venezuela, through an analysis of over 5 million tweets by 357 activists spanning seven years. Our results suggest that after going into exile activists increasingly emphasize foreign-led interventions to shape their home country politics, focus less on local grievances, and become more harshly critical of the regime. This is partly due to the changes in exiles’ networks: after leaving, activists increase their interactions with foreign actors and tweet more in English. This work contributes to our understanding of the relationship between exile—one of the most ubiquitous yet understudied forms of repression—and dissent in the digital age.
Getting Back to the Source: A New Approach to Measuring Ex Ante Litigation Risk Using Plaintiff-Lawyer Views of SEC Filings
Authors: Kartapanis Antonis , Yust Christopher G.
Published: December 2022

This study introduces a new measure of ex ante litigation risk using scrutiny of SEC filings by the source of securities litigation (plaintiffs’ lawyers) to reduce measurement error, relative to existing measures. We show that plaintiff-lawyer views proxy for the largely unobservable factors that make firms more likely to face litigation risk. Lagged views precede the public bad news revelation that triggers litigation and predicts future realized litigation risk (i.e., securities class actions filings and plaintiff-lawyer investigations) and stock market outcomes. Finally, we provide new insights into the plaintiff-lawyer case selection process that otherwise cannot be observed.
From the Table to the Trenches: The Chapati in The Wife and the Ward
Authors: Sapui Meghna
Published: December 2022

Nineteenth-century Anglo-Indian and British narratives represent the Indian Revolt of 1857 as an event with a rich gustatory grammar—a problem of greased cartridges, adulterated flour and salt, and mysterious chapatis. Contemporary colonial sources report the circulation of chapatis across North Indian villages on the eve of the revolt. To this day, these chapatis remain inscrutable. This essay traces the chapati from the Anglo-Indian table to the Kanpur trenches in the first English-language novel of the revolt, Edward Money's The Wife and the Ward (1859). The chapati, as a domestic edible, functions as an index of assimilation. It adulterates its Anglo-Indian eater bodily and morally. It weaves together adulteration and adultery, to demonstrate the gendered colonial politics of bodily purity. As a food of revolt, the chapati is portrayed as a text of Indian fears of bodily contamination. I argue that The Wife and the Ward displaces Anglo-Indian fears of bodily adulteration onto Indian rebels. I examine how the novel reworks Anglo-Indian panic to analyze its schizophrenic nature—consuming chapatis in India while upholding British racial politics of purity and contamination. This bifurcation is conjured in the very term “Anglo-Indian”: always imbricated in the simultaneous and contradictory impulses to assimilate while maintaining difference.
The World in Blocs: Leo Amery, the British Empire and Regionalist Anti-internationalism, 1903–1947
Authors: Hewitt Liane
Published: December 2022

A new liberal international order was born in 1918. Many rejected this regime embodied by the League of Nations and attempts to restore free trade. Among the critics were a host of European ‘regionalists’ who envisioned a world organized into federal super-states. They feared that geopolitical hegemony would soon belong to territorially contiguous super-states, such as the US and the Soviet Union. If the historiography has focused on the varieties of interwar internationalism, it has underplayed the extent of this regionalist challenge. This paper proposes to take seriously the dialectic between internationalist and regionalist visions of world order by charting the half-century political career of British imperialist and statesman Leopold Amery: from his lifelong campaign for British imperial economic union organized around preferential tariffs, through to his fervent critique of both the League and post-1945 American internationalism. Amery’s exploits demonstrate that one of the most significant revolts against the liberal international order originated not only from the revisionist powers—the USSR, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan—but also from the supposed heartland of liberal internationalism itself: the British Empire.
Chemistry‐Weather Interacted Model System GRAPES_Meso5.1/CUACE CW V1.0: Development, Evaluation and Application in Better Haze/Fog Prediction in China
Authors: Wang H. , Zhang X. Y. , Wang P. , Peng Y. , Zhang W. J. , Liu Z. D. , Han C. , Li S. T. , Wang Y. Q. , Che H. Z. , Huang L. P. , Liu H. L. , Zhang L. , Zhou C. H. , Ma Z. S. , Chen F. F. , Ma X. , Wu X. J. , Zhang B. H. , Shen X. S.
Published: December 2022

The Chinese Meteorology Administration chemistry model Chinese Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment (CUACE) is online integrated into the mesoscale operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) model (GRAPES_Meso5.1) and aerosol‐cloud‐radiation interaction is achieved to establish the first version (V1) of chemistry‐weather (CW) interacted model GRAPES‐Meso5.1/CUACE CW V1. The most polluted winter 2016–2017 is selected to study the meteorology impacts on haze/fog prediction, the impact of aerosol‐radiation, aerosol‐cloud and CW interaction (ARI, ACI, CWI) on haze/fog prediction and NWP. Single way model without CWI displays reasonable PM2.5 and visibility prediction in general. However, modeled PM2.5 peaks are underestimated and visibility valleys are overestimated during haze/fog pollution, the underestimation of relative humidity (RH) contributes major to this misestimation; CWI model cut the negative bias of PM2.5 peaks and the positive bias of visibility valleys. The improvement of 5 and 3 km low visibility by CWI during severe haze/fog period is more obvious than that of 10 km, which just compensates for the largest deficiency in low visibility prediction related with severe haze/fog by single way model; The NWP including sea level pressures, RH, temperature, wind speed are also improved by CWI from surface to upper troposphere; ARI contributes larger to the predicted PM2.5,visibility and NWP improvement than that of ACI, their relative contributions varies with model vertical height and the overlapping condition of cloud and aerosols. Due to the joint contribution of RH and PM2.5, CWI's improving on visibility is larger than PM2.5. This study illustrates the importance of including CWI in air quality prediction model.
Predicting childhood and adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder onset: a nationwide deep learning approach
Authors: Garcia-Argibay Miguel , Zhang-James Yanli , Cortese Samuele , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik , Faraone Stephen V.
Published: December 2022

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder with a high degree of psychiatric and physical comorbidity, which complicates its diagnosis in childhood and adolescence. We analyzed registry data from 238,696 persons born and living in Sweden between 1995 and 1999. Several machine learning techniques were used to assess the ability of registry data to inform the diagnosis of ADHD in childhood and adolescence: logistic regression, random Forest, gradient boosting, XGBoost, penalized logistic regression, deep neural network (DNN), and ensemble models. The best fitting model was the DNN, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75, 95% CI (0.74–0.76) and balanced accuracy of 0.69. At the 0.45 probability threshold, sensitivity was 71.66% and specificity was 65.0%. There was an overall agreement in the feature importance among all models (τ > .5). The top 5 features contributing to classification were having a parent with criminal convictions, male sex, having a relative with ADHD, number of academic subjects failed, and speech/learning disabilities. A DNN model predicting childhood and adolescent ADHD trained exclusively on Swedish register data achieved good discrimination. If replicated and validated in an external sample, and proven to be cost-effective, this model could be used to alert clinicians to individuals who ought to be screened for ADHD and to aid clinicians’ decision-making with the goal of decreasing misdiagnoses. Further research is needed to validate results in different populations and to incorporate new predictors.
Small molecule-induced epigenomic reprogramming of APL blasts leading to antiviral-like response and c-MYC downregulation
Authors: Amatori Stefano , Persico Giuseppe , Cantatore Francesco , Rusin Martina , Formica Mauro , Giorgi Luca , Macedi Eleonora , Casciaro Francesca , Errico Provenzano Alfredo , Gambardella Stefano , Noberini Roberta , Bonaldi Tiziana , Fusi Vieri , Giorgio Marco , Fanelli Mirco
Published: December 2022

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is an aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in which the PML/RARα fusion protein exerts oncogenic activities by recruiting repressive complexes to the promoter of specific target genes. Other epigenetic perturbations, as alterations of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), have been frequently found in AMLs and are associated with leukemogenesis and leukemia progression. Here, we characterized the epigenomic effects of maltonis, a novel maltol-derived molecule, in APL cells. We demonstrate that maltonis treatments induce a profound remodulation of the histone code, reducing global H3K9me3 signal and modulating other histone post-translational modifications. Transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses revealed that maltonis exposure induces changes of genes expression associated with a genomic redistribution of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac). Upregulation of interferon alpha and gamma response and downregulation of c-MYC target genes, in function of c-MYC reduced expression (monitored in all the hematopoietic neoplasms tested), represent the most significant modulated pathways. These data demonstrate the ability of maltonis to epigenetically reprogram the gene expression profile of APL cells, inducing an intriguing antiviral-like response, concomitantly with the downregulation of c-MYC-related pathways, thus making it an attractive candidate for antileukemic therapy.
Embryonic organizer formation disorder leads to multiorgan dysplasia in Down syndrome
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Lin Ziyuan , Peng Ying , Jiang Yan , Zhang Xuan , Zhu Hongmei , Zhang Lili , Chen Jiurong , Shu Xianghua , Luo Min , Xie Dan , Chen Yan , Liao Huijuan , Liu Mingfeng , Zhang Xiaohu , Liu Shanling , Wang He , Zhou Bin , Sun Huaqin
Published: December 2022

Despite the high prevalence of Down syndrome (DS) and early identification of the cause (trisomy 21), its molecular pathogenesis has been poorly understood and specific treatments have consequently been practically unavailable. A number of medical conditions throughout the body associated with DS have prompted us to investigate its molecular etiology from the viewpoint of the embryonic organizer, which can steer the development of surrounding cells into specific organs and tissues. We established a DS zebrafish model by overexpressing the humanDYRK1Agene, a highly haploinsufficient gene located at the “critical region” within 21q22. We found that both embryonic organizer and body axis were significantly impaired during early embryogenesis, producing abnormalities of the nervous, heart, visceral, and blood systems, similar to those observed with DS. Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis and related assays demonstrated that the DYRK1A-overexpressed zebrafish embryos had anomalous phosphorylation of β-catenin and Hsp90ab1, resulting in Wnt signaling enhancement and TGF-β inhibition. We found an uncovered ectopic molecular mechanism present in amniocytes from fetuses diagnosed with DS and isolated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of DS patients. Importantly, the abnormal proliferation of DS HSCs could be recovered by switching the balance between Wnt and TGF-β signaling in vitro. Our findings provide a novel molecular pathogenic mechanism in which ectopic Wnt and TGF-β lead to DS physical dysplasia, suggesting potential targeted therapies for DS.
A multi-fidelity machine learning approach to high throughput materials screening
Authors: Fare Clyde , Fenner Peter , Benatan Matthew , Varsi Alessandro , Pyzer-Knapp Edward O.
Published: December 2022

The ever-increasing capability of computational methods has resulted in their general acceptance as a key part of the materials design process. Traditionally this has been achieved using a so-called computational funnel, where increasingly accurate - and expensive – methodologies are used to winnow down a large initial library to a size which can be tackled by experiment. In this paper we present an alternative approach, using a multi-output Gaussian process to fuse the information gained from both experimental and computational methods into a single, dynamically evolving design. Common challenges with computational funnels, such as mis-ordering methods, and the inclusion of non-informative steps are avoided by learning the relationships between methods on the fly. We show this approach reduces overall optimisation cost on average by around a factor of three compared to other commonly used approaches, through evaluation on three challenging materials design problems.
Mo content-depended competition between Cr2O3 enrichment and selective dissolution of CoCrFeNiMox high entropy alloys
Authors: Hu Qian , Ye Cheng-Ping , Zhang Shang-Chen , Wang Xian-Zong , Du Cheng-Feng , Wang Haifeng
Published: December 2022

The corrosion and passivation behavior of the as-cast CoCrFeNiMox (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) high entropy alloys (HEAs) are investigated. With the addition of Mo, increasing Mo and Cr riched σ phase precipitates from the primary FCC phase. The corrosion resistance of the CoCrFeNiMox HEAs strongly depends on the phase structure and the passive film. Generally, Mo promotes the selective dissolution of the FCC phase and the enrichment of Cr2O3 in the passive film, the former deteriorates the corrosion resistance while the latter enhances it. Interestingly, the hypoeutectic Mo0.6 exhibits a higher corrosion resistance than that of Mo0.4, eutectic Mo0.8, and hypereutectic Mo1. Analysis of surface passive film and the composition of alloy phases implies that the Cr2O3 enrichment dominates in Mo0.6 while selective dissolution governs in Mox (x = 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0). Mo content-depended competition between the Cr2O3 enrichment and selective dissolution is discussed.
Human loss-of-function variants in the serotonin 2C receptor associated with obesity and maladaptive behavior
Authors: He Yang , Brouwers Bas , Liu Hesong , Liu Hailan , Lawler Katherine , Mendes de Oliveira Edson , Lee Dong-Kee , Yang Yongjie , Cox Aaron R. , Keogh Julia M. , Henning Elana , Bounds Rebecca , Perdikari Aliki , Ayinampudi Vikram , Wang Chunmei , Yu Meng , Tu Longlong , Zhang Nan , Yin Na , Han Junying , Scarcelli Nikolas A. , Yan Zili , Conde Kristine M. , Potts Camille , Bean Jonathan C. , Wang Mengjie , Hartig Sean M. , Liao Lan , Xu Jianming , Barroso Inês , Mokrosinski Jacek , Xu Yong , Sadaf Farooqi I.
Published: December 2022

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and receptor agonists are used to treat obesity, anxiety and depression. Here we studied the role of the serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) in weight regulation and behavior. Using exome sequencing of 2,548 people with severe obesity and 1,117 control individuals without obesity, we identified 13 rare variants in the gene encoding 5-HT2CR (HTR2C) in 19 unrelated people (3 males and 16 females). Eleven variants caused a loss of function in HEK293 cells. All people who carried variants had hyperphagia and some degree of maladaptive behavior. Knock-in male mice harboring a human loss-of-function HTR2C variant developed obesity and reduced social exploratory behavior; female mice heterozygous for the same variant showed similar deficits with reduced severity. Using the 5-HT2CR agonist lorcaserin, we found that depolarization of appetite-suppressing proopiomelanocortin neurons was impaired in knock-in mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that 5-HT2CR is involved in the regulation of human appetite, weight and behavior. Our findings suggest that melanocortin receptor agonists might be effective in treating severe obesity in individuals carrying HTR2C variants. We suggest that HTR2C should be included in diagnostic gene panels for severe childhood-onset obesity.
A single 2′-O-methylation of ribosomal RNA gates assembly of a functional ribosome
Authors: Yelland James N. , Bravo Jack P. K. , Black Joshua J. , Taylor David W. , Johnson Arlen W.
Published: December 2022

RNA modifications are widespread in biology and abundant in ribosomal RNA. However, the importance of these modifications is not well understood. We show that methylation of a single nucleotide, in the catalytic center of the large subunit, gates ribosome assembly. Massively parallel mutational scanning of the essential nuclear GTPase Nog2 identified important interactions with rRNA, particularly with the 2′-O-methylated A-site base Gm2922. We found that methylation of G2922 is needed for assembly and efficient nuclear export of the large subunit. Critically, we identified single amino acid changes in Nog2 that completely bypass dependence on G2922 methylation and used cryoelectron microscopy to directly visualize how methylation flips Gm2922 into the active site channel of Nog2. This work demonstrates that a single RNA modification is a critical checkpoint in ribosome biogenesis, suggesting that such modifications can play an important role in regulation and assembly of macromolecular machines.
Associations between MDMA/ecstasy, classic psychedelics, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in a sample of U.S. adolescents
Authors: Jones Grant , Arias Diego , Nock Matthew
Published: December 2022

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death amongst adolescents and decades of research have failed to curb suicide rates within this population. There is thus a need to better understand factors that correlate with adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). MDMA/ecstasy and classic psychedelics represent two areas for exploration, as use of these substances has been associated with both increased and lowered odds of STBs. Thus, the goal of this study was to test the associations between MDMA/ecstasy and classic psychedelics (psilocybin, peyote, mescaline, LSD) and STBs in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. We tested these associations in a sample of adolescents aged 12–17 years old from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2004–2019) (N = 262,617) using survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models. Lifetime psilocybin use was associated with lowered odds of lifetime suicidal thinking, planning, and attempts (aOR range 0.77–0.85). Conversely, LSD was associated with increased odds of these same outcomes (aOR range 1.20–1.35). MDMA/ecstasy, peyote, and mescaline did not share associations with STBs. Our study demonstrates that individual classic psychedelics share varying relationships to STBs among adolescents. Future cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are needed to further elucidate the link between classic psychedelic use and STBs in youth.
Extended Kalman filter algorithm for non-roughness and moving damage identification
Authors: Ding Hong-li , Zhang Chun , Gao Yu-wei , Huang Jin-peng
Published: December 2022

It is a promising method to identify structural damage using bridge dynamic response under moving vehicle excitation, but the lack of accurate information about road roughness and vehicle parameters will lead to the failure of this method. The paper proposed a step-by-step EKF damage identification method, which transforms the inversion problem of unknown structural parameters under unknown loads (vehicle and road roughness) into two separate inversion problems: moving contact force identification and damage parameters identification. Firstly, the VBI model is converted into bridge vibration model under a moving contact force, and the moving contact force covering the information of road roughness and vehicle parameters can be calculated by EKF iteration. Secondly, the moving contact force identified in the first step is loaded on the bridge as a known condition, and the bridge damage problem is also solved by the EKF method. Numerical analyses of a simply-supported bridge under the moving vehicle are conducted to investigate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Effects of the vehicle speed, the damage cases, the measurement noise, and the roughness levels on the accuracy of the identification results are investigated. The results demonstrate the proposed algorithm is efficient and robust, and the algorithm can be developed into an effective tool for structural health monitoring of bridges.
An interpretable artificial intelligence system for detecting risk factors of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Zhengqiang , Chen Mingkai , Xiao Yong , Chen Shi , Wu Lianlian , Yao Liwen , Jiang Xiaoda , Li Jiao , Xu Ming , Lin Mengjuan , Zhu Yijie , Luo Renquan , Zhang Chenxia , Li Xun , Yu Honggang
Published: December 2022

Bleeding risk factors for gastroesophageal varices (GEV) detected by endoscopy in cirrhotic patients determine the prophylactical treatment patients will undergo in the following 2 years. We propose a methodology for measuring the risk factors. We create an artificial intelligence system (ENDOANGEL-GEV) containing six models to segment GEV and to classify the grades (grades 1–3) and red color signs (RC, RC0-RC3) of varices. It also summarizes changes in the above results with region in real time. ENDOANGEL-GEV is trained using 6034 images from 1156 cirrhotic patients across three hospitals (dataset 1) and validated on multicenter datasets with 11009 images from 141 videos (dataset 2) and in a prospective study recruiting 161 cirrhotic patients from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (dataset 3). In dataset 1, ENDOANGEL-GEV achieves intersection over union values of 0.8087 for segmenting esophageal varices and 0.8141 for gastric varices. In dataset 2, the system maintains fairly accuracy across images from three hospitals. In dataset 3, ENDOANGEL-GEV surpasses attended endoscopists in detecting RC of GEV and classifying grades (p < 0.001). When ranking the risk of patients combined with the Child‒Pugh score, ENDOANGEL-GEV outperforms endoscopists for esophageal varices (p < 0.001) and shows comparable performance for gastric varices (p = 0.152). Compared with endoscopists, ENDOANGEL-GEV may help 12.31% (16/130) more patients receive the right intervention. We establish an interpretable system for the endoscopic diagnosis and risk stratification of GEV. It will assist in detecting the first bleeding risk factors accurately and expanding the scope of quantitative measurement of diseases.
Alternative splicing and genetic variation of mhc-e: implications for rhesus cytomegalovirus-based vaccines
Authors: Brochu Hayden , Wang Ruihan , Tollison Tammy , Pyo Chul-Woo , Thomas Alexander , Tseng Elizabeth , Law Lynn , Picker Louis J. , Gale Michael , Geraghty Daniel E. , Peng Xinxia
Published: December 2022

Rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV)-based vaccination against Simian Immunodeficiency virus (SIV) elicits MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells that stringently control SIV infection in ~55% of vaccinated rhesus macaques (RM). However, it is unclear how accurately the RM model reflectsHLA-Eimmunobiology in humans. Using long-read sequencing, we identified 16Mamu-Eisoforms and allMamu-Esplicing junctions were detected amongHLA-Eisoforms in humans. We also obtained the completeMamu-Egenomic sequences covering the full coding regions of 59 RM from a RhCMV/SIV vaccine study. TheMamu-Egene was duplicated in 32 (54%) of 59 RM. Among four groups ofMamu-Ealleles: three ~5% divergent full-length allele groups (G1, G2, G2_LTR) and a fourth monomorphic group (G3) with a deletion encompassing the canonicalMamu-Eexon 6, the presence of G2_LTR alleles was significantly (p = 0.02) associated with the lack of RhCMV/SIV vaccine protection. These genomic resources will facilitate additionalMHC-Etargeted translational research.
TIPARP is involved in the regulation of intraocular pressure
Authors: Zhang Youjia , Song Maomao , Bi Yingwen , Lei Yuan , Sun Xinghuai , Chen Yuhong
Published: December 2022

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the major risk factor for glaucoma. The molecular mechanism of elevated IOP is unclear, which impedes glaucoma therapy. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-inducible Poly-ADP-ribose Polymerase (TIPARP), a member of the PARP family, catalyses mono-ADP-ribosylation. Here we showed that TIPARP was widely expressed in the cornea, trabecular meshwork, iris, retina, optic nerve, sclera, and choroid of human eyes. The expression of TIPARP was significantly upregulated in the blood and trabecular meshwork of patients with primary open angle glaucoma compared with that of healthy controls. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to extracellular matrix deposition and cell adhesion was decreased in TIPARP-upregulated human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. Moreover, western blot analysis showed that collagen types I and IV, fibronectin, and α-SMA were increased in TIPARP-downregulated or TIPARP-inhibited HTM cells. In addition, cross-linked actin networks were produced, and vinculin was upregulated in these cells. Subconjunctival injection of the TIPARP inhibitor RBN-2397 increased the IOP in Sprague–Dawley rats. Therefore, we identified TIPARP as a regulator of IOP through modulation of extracellular matrix and cell cytoskeleton proteins in HTM cells. These results indicate that TIPARP is a potential therapeutic target for ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
Neolithic dental calculi provide evidence for environmental proxies and consumption of wild edible fruits and herbs in central Apennines
Authors: D’Agostino Alessia , Di Marco Gabriele , Marvelli Silvia , Marchesini Marco , Rizzoli Elisabetta , Rolfo Mario Federico , Canini Antonella , Gismondi Angelo
Published: December 2022

Looking for a biological fingerprint relative to new aspects of the relationship between humans and natural environment during prehistoric times is challenging. Although many issues still need to be addressed in terms of authentication and identification, microparticles hidden in ancient dental calculus can provide interesting information for bridging this gap of knowledge. Here, we show evidence about the role of edible plants for the early Neolithic individuals in the central Apennines of the Italian peninsula and relative cultural landscape. Dental calculi from human and animal specimens exhumed at Grotta Mora Cavorso (Lazio), one of the largest prehistoric burial deposits, have returned an archaeobotanical record made up of several types of palaeoecological proxies. The organic fraction of this matrix was investigated by a multidisciplinary approach, whose novelty consisted in the application of next generation sequencing to ancient plant DNA fragments, specifically codifying for maturase K barcode gene. Panicoideae and Triticeae starches, together with genetic indicators of Rosaceae fruits, figs, and Lamiaceae herbs, suggested subsistence practices most likely still based on wild plant resources. On the other hand, pollen, and non-pollen palynomorphs allowed us to outline a general vegetational framework dominated by woodland patches alternated with meadows, where semi-permanent settlements could have been established.
Liver RBFOX2 regulates cholesterol homeostasis via Scarb1 alternative splicing in mice
Authors: Paterson Helen A. B. , Yu Sijia , Artigas Natalia , Prado Miguel A. , Haberman Nejc , Wang Yi-Fang , Jobbins Andrew M. , Pahita Elena , Mokochinski Joao , Hall Zoe , Guerin Maryse , Paulo Joao A. , Ng Soon Seng , Villarroya Francesc , Rashid Sheikh Tamir , Le Goff Wilfried , Lenhard Boris , Cebola Inês , Finley Daniel , Gygi Steven P. , Sibley Christopher R. , Vernia Santiago
Published: December 2022

RNA alternative splicing (AS) expands the regulatory potential of eukaryotic genomes. The mechanisms regulating liver-specific AS profiles and their contribution to liver function are poorly understood. Here, we identify a key role for the splicing factor RNA-binding Fox protein 2 (RBFOX2) in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in a lipogenic environment in the liver. Using enhanced individual-nucleotide-resolution ultra-violet cross-linking and immunoprecipitation, we identify physiologically relevant targets of RBFOX2 in mouse liver, including the scavenger receptor class B type I (Scarb1). RBFOX2 function is decreased in the liver in diet-induced obesity, causing a Scarb1 isoform switch and alteration of hepatocyte lipid homeostasis. Our findings demonstrate that specific AS programmes actively maintain liver physiology, and underlie the lipotoxic effects of obesogenic diets when dysregulated. Splice-switching oligonucleotides targeting this network alleviate obesity-induced inflammation in the liver and promote an anti-atherogenic lipoprotein profile in the blood, underscoring the potential of isoform-specific RNA therapeutics for treating metabolism-associated diseases.
Aberrant expression of agouti signaling protein (ASIP) as a cause of monogenic severe childhood obesity
Authors: Kempf Elena , Landgraf Kathrin , Stein Robert , Hanschkow Martha , Hilbert Anja , Abou Jamra Rami , Boczki Paula , Herberth Gunda , Kühnapfel Andreas , Tseng Yu-Hua , Stäubert Claudia , Schöneberg Torsten , Kühnen Peter , Rayner N. William , Zeggini Eleftheria , Kiess Wieland , Blüher Matthias , Körner Antje
Published: December 2022

Here we report a heterozygous tandem duplication at the ASIP (agouti signaling protein) gene locus causing ubiquitous, ectopic ASIP expression in a female patient with extreme childhood obesity. The mutation places ASIP under control of the ubiquitously active itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase promoter, driving the generation of ASIP in patient-derived native and induced pluripotent stem cells for all germ layers and hypothalamic-like neurons. The patient’s phenotype of early-onset obesity, overgrowth, red hair and hyperinsulinemia is concordant with that of mutant mice ubiquitously expressing the homolog nonagouti. ASIP represses melanocyte-stimulating hormone-mediated activation as a melanocortin receptor antagonist, which might affect eating behavior, energy expenditure, adipocyte differentiation and pigmentation, as observed in the index patient. As the type of mutation escapes standard genetic screening algorithms, we rescreened the Leipzig Childhood Obesity cohort of 1,745 patients and identified four additional patients with the identical mutation, ectopic ASIP expression and a similar phenotype. Taken together, our data indicate that ubiquitous ectopic ASIP expression is likely a monogenic cause of human obesity.
Structural origins of two-dimensional elastic bending in a nonaromatic organic molecular crystal
Authors: Lin Jiawei , Cao Yuechao , Liu Yanbo , Li Maolin , Chen Yifu , Zhou Jianmin , Wu Songgu , Gong Junbo
Published: December 2022

A two-dimensional elastically bent crystal based on hydrogen bonding in a nonaromatic organic molecule system was reported.
Chromium-catalyzed olefination of arylaldehydes with haloforms assisted by 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-dihydropyrazine
Authors: Nishi Kohei , Tsurugi Hayato , Mashima Kazushi
Published: December 2022

Chromium-catalyzed olefination of arylaldehydes with bromoform was achieved using 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-dihydropyrazine (1a) as an organosilicon reductant, giving β-bromostyrene derivatives in a trans-selective manner.
Kinetics and pressure-dependent HOx yields of the reaction between the Criegee intermediate CH2OO and HNO3
Authors: Luo Pei-Ling
Published: December 2022

The kinetics and product yields of the reaction CH2OO + HNO3 were evaluated via simultaneous determination of multiple species using mid-infrared multifunctional dual-comb spectrometers.
Tautomerization of single asymmetric oxahemiporphycene molecules on Cu(111)
Authors: Jaekel Simon , Durant Emile , Schied Monika , Persson Mats , Ostapko Jakub , Kijak Michał , Waluk Jacek , Grill Leonhard
Published: December 2022

We have studied 22-oxahemiporphycene molecules by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy at low temperatures and density functional theory calculations.
Challenging PM6-like donor polymers for pairing with a Y-type state-of-the-art acceptor in binary blends for bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Xu Wei , He Wei , Li Guojuan , Wu Jingnan , Yang Cheng , Cao Zhong , Cheng Pei , Li Hongxiang , Du Zhengkun , Yu Donghong
Published: December 2022

Synergistically high VOC and JSC were achieved from alkylthioand alkoxyl-phenyl-BDT type D–A copolymers for replacing commonly applied PM6 donor for pairing with state-of-art non-fullerene organic small molecule acceptor represented by BTP-eC9.
Density functional theory based indicators to predict the corrosion inhibition potentials of ceramic oxides in harsh corrosive media
Authors: Thomas Anson , Khan Tuhin S. , Gupta Puneet
Published: December 2022

An easy-to-use computational approach to understand the anti-corrosion potential of ceramic oxides and alloys in different harsh corrosive conditions.
Facet-controlled bifunctional WO3photocathodes for high-performance photo-assisted Li–O2batteries
Authors: Wang Meng , Chen Jie , Tian Zhangliu , Dai Wenrui , Cui Baihua , Cui Xinhang , Wang Dong , Xiao Yukun , Lian Xu , Jiang Chonglai , Yang Haotian , Wang Yihe , Sun Zejun , Ding Yishui , Sun Yi-Yang , Zhang Jia , Chen Wei
Published: December 2022

Facet-engineered monoclinic WO3was investigated to explore the effects on the photo-assisted LOB kinetics and discharge mechanism. This work can pave the way for rational photocathode design in metal–O2batteries.
Understanding the charging of supercapacitors by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance
Authors: Niu Liang , Yang Long , Yang Jingjing , Chen Ming , Zeng Liang , Duan Pan , Wu Taizheng , Pameté Emmanuel , Presser Volker , Feng Guang
Published: December 2022

Supercapacitors are highly valued energy storage devices and it's crucial to understand their charging mechanism. We present a comprehensive discussion on the applications of EQCM in the supercapacitor community.
A highly sensitive and miniaturized wearable antenna based on MXene films for strain sensing
Authors: Yin Ao , Zhang Chen , Luo Jingjing , Liu Jiang , Ren Zhongqi , Wang Yuxin , Ye Yang , Yin Rui , Feng Qiang , Chen Youyou , Li Kang , Zhao Weiwei , Yu Suzhu , Wei Jun
Published: December 2022

With the prosperous development of wearable electronics, flexible radio-frequency wireless antenna sensors have attracted considerable interest due to their various applications in the Internet of things (IoT).
Photocatalytic formation of a gas permeable layer selectively deposited on supported metal nanoparticles for sintering-resistant thermal catalysis
Authors: Takabayashi Ayato , Kishimoto Fuminao , Tsuchiya Hiroto , Mikami Hitoshi , Takanabe Kazuhiro
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a new methodology to produce a sintering-resistant exhaust gas purification catalyst with ultrathin SiO2 decoration on already supported Pd metal nanoparticles using a vacuum-free photocatalytic layer deposition method.
A highly stable bio-based plasticizer constructed from renewable acids for plasticizing and enhancing the optical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Lu Minjia , Jiang Pingping , Zhang Pingbo , Feng Shan , Cui Zhixuan , Song Qingkui , Zhao Yong
Published: December 2022

The current research efforts in the plasticizer industry should focus on finding renewable biomass chemical feedstocks to synthesize non-toxic and effective bio-based plasticizers to adapt the concept of green environmental protection.
Biomass-derived carbon dots as a nanoswitch, logic gate operation, and electrochemical sensor for flavonoids
Authors: Mathew Sneha , Mathew Beena
Published: December 2022

Eclipta alba derived CDs for “turn on–off–on” sensing of TNP and CIP and electrochemical sensing of morin.
Hydrogen-intercalation-induced lattice expansion of mesoporous PtPd nanocrystals for enhanced hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Ziqiang , Mao Yanhao , Zhang Hugang , Deng Kai , Yu Hongjie , Wang Xin , Xu You , Wang Hongjing , Wang Liang
Published: December 2022

Platinum–palladium hydrides with a mesoporous nanostructure are synthesizedviathe hydrogenation of PtPd MNCs inN,N-dimethylformamide and exhibit remarkable HER performance.
VUCA
Authors: Börner Doris , Zohmann Andreas
Published: December 2022

Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser,

haben Sie schon mal von „VUCA“ gehört? VUCA steht für
Volatility (Flüchtigkeit), Uncertainty (Ungewissheit), Complexity
(Komplexität) und Ambiguity (Mehrdeutigkeit). Für eine Welt, die
sich ständig und immer schneller verändert, unvorhersehbar und
volatiler wird. Geprägt von Ungewissheit taugen manch alte Erfahrungen nicht
mehr für die Zukunftsplanung. Wo geht die Reise hin? Wir wissen es nicht
(mehr). Unsere Welt ist komplexer denn je. Die Dinge werden vielschichtiger,
unübersichtlicher und schwerer zu verstehen. Entscheidungen werden
schwieriger. Selten ist etwas eindeutig schwarz oder weiß, oftmals auch
widersprüchlich und paradox und doch „richtig“.
Ambiguitätstoleranz, also die Fähigkeit Vieldeutigkeit und
Unsicherheit zur Kenntnis zu nehmen und ertragen zu können, wird immer
wichtiger.
Veganuary and the vegan sausage (t)rolls: conflict and commercial engagement in online climate-diet discourse
Authors: Sanford Mary , Lorimer Jamie
Published: December 2022

Social media platforms have become critical venues for a wide spectrum of influence campaigns, from activism to advertising. Sometimes these two ends overlap and it remains unknown how the latter might impact the former. Situated within contemporary scholarship on vegan activism, this work examines corporate involvement with the Veganuary 2019 campaign on Twitter, as well as the antagonistic backlash it received. We find that the activists and commercial entities engage mostly separate audiences, suggesting that commercial campaigns do little to drive interactions with Veganuary activism. We also discover strong threads of antagonism reflecting the “culture wars" surrounding discussions of veganism and climate-diet science. These findings inform our understanding of the challenges facing climate-diet discourses on social media and motivate further research into the role of commercial agents in online activism.
HfO2:Gd-based ferroelectric memristor as bio-synapse emulators
Authors: Wang Lei , Sun Shiqing , Zhao Jianhui , Zhao Zhen , Zhou Zhenyu , Wang Wei , Li Jiaxin , Jian Zixuan , Yan Hongwei , Li Zhaohua , Yan Xiaobing
Published: December 2022

In this work, a memristor device with Pd/HfO2:Gd/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/SrTiO3/Si was prepared, and its synaptic behavior was investigated. The memristor shows excellent performance in I–V loops and ferroelectric properties. Through polarization, the conductance modulation of the memristor is achieved by the reversal of the ferroelectric domain. In addition, we simulate biological synapses and synaptic plasticities such as spike-timing-dependent plasticity, paired-pulse facilitation, and an excitatory postsynaptic current. These results lay the foundation for the development of synaptic functions in Hf-based ferroelectric thin films and will promote the development of synaptic applications for neuromorphic computing chips.
Roles of excess minority carrier recombination and chemisorbed O2 species at SiO2/Si interfaces in Si dry oxidation: Comparison between p-Si(001) and n-Si(001) surfaces
Authors: Tsuda Yasutaka , Yoshigoe Akitaka , Ogawa Shuichi , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Yamamoto Yoshiki , Yamamoto Yukio , Takakuwa Yuji
Published: December 2022

This study provides experimental evidence for the following: (1) Excess minority carrier recombination at SiO2/Si interfaces is associated with O2 dissociative adsorption; (2) the x-ray induced enhancement of SiO2 growth is not caused by the band flattening resulting from the surface photovoltaic effect but by the electron–hole pair creation resulting from core level photoexcitation for the spillover of bulk Si electronic states toward the SiO2 layer; and (3) a metastable chemisorbed O2 species plays a decisive role in combining two types of the single- and double-step oxidation reaction loops. Based on experimental results, the unified Si oxidation reaction model mediated by point defect generation [S. Ogawa et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 59, SM0801 (2020)] is extended from the viewpoints of (a) the excess minority carrier recombination at the oxidation-induced vacancy site and (b) the trapping-mediated adsorption through the chemisorbed O2 species at the SiO2/Si interface.
Vortex-induced vibration of a slender flexible riser with grooved and spanwise strips subject to uniform currents
Authors: Hu Hao , Zhao Weiwen , Wan Decheng
Published: December 2022

We report a numerical investigation of the suppression of “vortex-induced vibration” (VIV) of a cylindrical flexible riser to which are attached various grooved or strip configurations with the ensemble exposed to uniform flow. Based on the thick-strip model, the simulation is done using our in-house three-dimensional VIV solver based on the Open Field Operation and Manipulation toolbox and developed at Shanghai Jiao Tong University (referred to as “viv3D-FOAM-SJTU”). The solver is applied to calculate all the simulations; it uses the Navier–Stokes equations to calculate flow field and the Euler–Bernoulli bending-beam hypothesis to calculate the vibrational displacements of the riser. A slender flexible riser with two spanwise symmetrical strips is first used to determine the appropriate installation angle of the strips, and cylindrical or grooved risers with different strip configurations are used to improve VIV suppression. The numerical results show that the spanwise strip installation angles of 30° and 45° suppress VIV due to the secondary separation of the boundary layer, but suffer from higher crossflow vibration frequency, which brings the risk of inducing high-order mode vibration, the enhancement of the lift correlation along the spanwise direction, and the increment of total drag. The main function of spanwise strips installed at 135° and 150° is to divide the wake region, which also helps suppress VIV. The introduction of grooves in the riser combined with strips of suitable thickness reduces the correlation of lift along the span, which in turn reduces crossflow vibration frequency and the total drag, and enhances VIV suppression. Of all the configurations, the grooved riser with four staggered symmetrical strips most strongly suppresses VIV in the crossflow direction.
Building on the strengths of a double-hybrid density functional for excitation energies and inverted singlet-triplet energy gaps
Authors: Curtis Kevin , Adeyiga Olajumoke , Suleiman Olabisi , Odoh Samuel O.
Published: December 2022

It is demonstrated that a double hybrid density functional approximation, ωB88PTPSS, that incorporates equipartition of density functional theory and the non-local correlation, however with a meta-generalized gradient approximation correlation functional, as well as with the range-separated exchange of ωB2PLYP, provides accurate excitation energies for conventional systems, as well as correct prescription of negative singlet–triplet gaps for non-conventional systems with inverted gaps, without any necessity for parametric scaling of the same-spin and opposite-spin non-local correlation energies. Examined over “safe” excitations of the QUESTDB set, ωB88PTPSS performs quite well for open-shell systems, correctly and fairly accurately [relative to equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) reference] predicts negative gaps for 50 systems with inverted singlet–triplet gaps, and is one of the leading performers for intramolecular charge-transfer excitations and achieves near-second-order approximate coupled cluster (CC2) and second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction quality for the Q1 and Q2 subsets. Subsequently, we tested ωB88PTPSS on two sets of real-life examples from recent computational chemistry literature–the low energy bands of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and a set of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) systems. For Chl a, ωB88PTPSS qualitatively and quantitatively achieves DLPNO-STEOM-CCSD-level performance and provides excellent agreement with experiment. For TADF systems, ωB88PTPSS agrees quite well with spin-component-scaled CC2 (SCS-CC2) excitation energies, as well as experimental values, for the gaps between the S1 and T1 excited states.