bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Hydrogen on Vaporization, Mixture Formation and Combustion of Diesel Fuel at an Automotive Diesel Engine
Authors: Cernat Alexandru , Pana Constantin , Negurescu Niculae , Lazaroiu Gheorghe , Nutu Cristian
Published: December 2020

Hydrogen can be a viable alternative fuel for modern diesel engines, offering benefits on efficiency and performance improvement. The paper analyses the results of a thermodynamic model developed by authors in order to study the influence of Hydrogen addition on a process like vaporization, mixture forming, and combustion at the level of diesel fuel droplets. The bi-zonal model is applied for a dual-fueled diesel engine K9K type designed by Renault for automotives. For the engine operating regime of 2000 rpm speed and 55% engine load, the diesel fuel is partially substituted by Hydrogen in energetic percents of 6.76%, 13.39%, and 20.97%, the engine power being maintained at the same level comparative to classic fueling. At Hydrogen addition, the diesel fuel jets atomization and diesel fuel droplets vaporization are accelerated, the speed of formation of the mixture being increased. Comparative to classic fueling, the use of Hydrogen leads to diesel droplets combustion intensification, with a shortened autoignition delay, reduction of combustion duration, and increase of flame radius.
An Integrated Approach to the Realization of Saudi Arabia’s Energy Sustainability
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Siddig H. , Alhawsawi Abdulsalam , Soliman Abdelfattah Y.
Published: December 2020

As system thinking is a recognized approach to the comprehension and realization of energy sustainability, this paper applies a holistic representation to the World Energy Trilemma Index (WETI) key indicators using Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN) to illuminate the probabilistic information of their influences in Saudi Arabia’s context. The reached realization is suggested to inform the policies to improve energy sustainability, and thus the country’s rank in the WETI. The analysis used two groups of learning cases, one used the energy statistics of the period from 1995 to 2019 to show the outlook of the Business as Usual path, and the other addressed the projected data for the period from 2018 to 2037 to investigate the expected impact of the new policies. For both BAU and new policies, the BBN calculated the improvement, stability, and declining beliefs. The most influential factors on energy sustainability performance were the electricity generation mix, CO2 emissions, energy intensity, and energy storage. Moreover, the interlinkage between the influential indicators and their causes was estimated in the new policies model. A back-casting analysis was carried out to show the changes required to drive the improvement belief to 100%. The compiled BBN can be used to support structuring policymaking and analyzing the projections’ outcomes by investigating different scenarios for improvement probabilities of energy sustainability.
Sustainability-Oriented Innovations in Food Waste Management Technology
Authors: Martin-Rios Carlos , Hofmann Anastasia , Mackenzie Naomi
Published: December 2020

Food is essential to our survival, yet the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that about 820 million people were undernourished in 2018. In this context, food waste generation is a particularly salient issue. Wasting food means missing opportunities to feed the growing world population and consuming scarce resources, such as land, water and energy used in the production, processing, distribution and consumption of food. Firms in HORECA (hospitality, restaurant and catering) represent a considerable share of total food waste and, more importantly, are characterized by an overall low sense of awareness about the sustainability-oriented innovation opportunities and challenges of minimizing food waste. This article draws on an in-depth case study to explore the use of technological advancements in downstream value chain. This case study draws on a tech startup providing services for HORECA companies to address a new way for companies to solve the food waste challenge. Adopting technological innovations to quantify and minimize wastage via collaborations with third-party companies can be a strategic and cost-effective way to supplement a company’s open innovation activities.
Influence of Steel Slag Type on Concrete Shrinkage
Authors: Rubio-Cintas Maria Dolores , Parron-Rubio Maria Eugenia , Perez-Garcia Francisca , Bettencourt Ribeiro António , Oliveira Miguel José
Published: December 2020

Building construction and building operations have a massive direct and indirect effect on the environment. Cement-based materials will remain essential to supply the growth of our built environment. Without preventive measures, this necessary demand in cement production will imply a substantial increase in CO2 generation. Reductions in global CO2 emissions due to cement consumption may be achieved by improvements on two main areas: increased use of low CO2 supplementary cementitious materials and a more efficient use of Portland cement clinker in mortars and concretes. The use of ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete, as cement constituent or as latent hydraulic binder, is a current practice, but information of concrete with ladle furnace slag is more limited. Specific knowledge of the behavior of mixtures with steel slag in relation to certain properties needs to be improved. This paper presents the results of the shrinkage (total and autogenous) of five concrete mixtures, produced with different percentages of two different slags in substitution of cement. The results show that shrinkage of concrete with the two different slags diverges. These different characteristics of the two materials suggest that their use in combination can be useful in optimizing the performance of concrete.
Traveler Motivation and Destination Loyalty: Visiting Sacred Places in Central Asia
Authors: Rybina Liza , Lee Timothy
Published: December 2020

Visiting sacred spaces is becoming a growing trend in tourism in the Central Asian region. Sacred sites are said to have the power to heal the body, enlighten the mind, and inspire the heart. This study explored the motivations for visiting sacred spaces among tourists from three Central Asian countries—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. The study used a sequential mixed methods research design. In the first stage, a general list of motivations was produced, based on the analysis of 14 semi-structured interviews. The second stage quantitative survey was conducted with a sample of 211 tourists from Central Asia. Data collection took place during tours to sacred sites in the city of Turkestan in South Kazakhstan. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and regression analysis. The relationships between motivation factors and destination loyalty were tested. The results show that among the five motivational factors identified in this study, only three (Spiritual and Religious Motives, Cultural and Historical Motives, and Wellness and Healing) have a significant relationship with sacred site destination loyalty. The remaining two factors (Nature, Fun, and Social Contact) have not been proven to have a significant relationship with destination loyalty. The study adds value to the literature on traveling to religious sites, especially those in formerly atheist countries, and provides recommendations to practitioners and policymakers to enable them to develop a niche tourism area by segmenting tourists’ motivations and destination loyalty in their sacred places. It also contributes to the diversification of tourism products in those destinations that have historical religious heritage resources.
The Uniformly Accelerated Frame as a Test Bed for Analysing the Gravitational Redshift
Authors: Koks Don
Published: December 2020

Ever since Eddington’s analysis of the gravitational redshift a century ago, and the arguments in the relativity community that it produced, fine details of the roles of proper time and coordinate time in the redshift remain somewhat obscure. We shed light on these roles by appealing to the physics of the uniformly accelerated frame, in which coordinate time and proper time are well defined and easy to understand; and because that frame exists in flat spacetime, special relativity is sufficient to analyse it. We conclude that Eddington’s analysis was indeed correct—as was the 1980 analysis of his detractors, Earman and Glymour, who (it turns out) were following a different route. We also use the uniformly accelerated frame to pronounce invalid Schild’s old argument for spacetime curvature, which has been reproduced by many authors as a pedagogical introduction to curved spacetime. More generally, because the uniformly accelerated frame simulates a gravitational field, it can play a strong role in discussions of proper and coordinate times in advanced relativity.
Urban Water Consumption at Multiple Spatial and Temporal Scales. A Review of Existing Datasets
Authors: Di Mauro Anna , Cominola Andrea , Castelletti Andrea , Di Nardo Armando
Published: December 2020

Over the last three decades, the increasing development of smart water meter trials and the rise of demand management has fostered the collection of water demand data at increasingly higher spatial and temporal resolutions. Counting these new datasets and more traditional aggregate water demand data, the literature is rich with heterogeneous urban water demand datasets. They are characterized by heterogeneous spatial scales—from urban districts, to households or individual water fixtures—and temporal sampling frequencies—from seasonal/monthly up to sub-daily (minutes or seconds). Motivated by the need of tracking the existing datasets in this rapidly evolving field of investigation, this manuscript is the first comprehensive review effort of the state-of-the-art urban water demand datasets. This paper contributes a review of 92 water demand datasets and 120 related peer-review publications compiled in the last 45 years. The reviewed datasets are classified and analyzed according to the following criteria: spatial scale, temporal scale, and dataset accessibility. This research effort builds an updated catalog of the existing water demand datasets to facilitate future research efforts end encourage the publication of open-access datasets in water demand modelling and management research.
Reactive Transport Simulation of Cavern Formation along Fractures in Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Duan Ruiqi , Shang Genhua , Yu Chen , Wang Qiang , Zhang Hong , Wang Liheng , Xu Zhifang , Dong Yanhui
Published: December 2020

Karst cavities and caves are often present along fractures in limestone reservoirs and are of significance for oil and gas exploration. Understanding the formation and evolution of caves in fractured carbonate rocks will enhance oil and gas exploration and development. Herein, a reactive transport model was established considering both the matrix and fractures. Different factors affecting the dissolution along fractures were considered in the simulation of matrix–fracture carbonate rocks, including the magnitude and characteristic length of the matrix porosity heterogeneity, intersecting fractures, and complex fracture network. The results show that a strong heterogeneity of the matrix porosity significantly affects the cave formation along the fracture and the existence of fractures increases the heterogeneity due to the high permeability as well as the dissolution area. The characteristic length of the matrix porosity heterogeneity affects the cave location and shape. The larger permeability of intersecting fractures or the matrix greatly increases the cave size, leading to the formation of large, connected cave areas. A complex fracture network leads to more developed karst dissolution caves. The topology of the fracture network and preferential flow dominate the distribution of caves and alleviate the effect of the matrix heterogeneity.
Learning through the Experience of Water in Elementary School Science
Authors: Levy Amanda R. , Moore Mensah Felicia
Published: December 2020

To date, limited research has been done on the implementation of experiential learning among elementary school students. The current mixed-methods study examines the capacity of elementary science students to develop water literacy through the application of an experiential learning framework. From 2016–2017, two sections of 6th-grade science students (n = 56) from a gifted and talented school in Queens, NY, were introduced to an experiential-based water curriculum designed to meet the needs of elementary science standards through the use of authentic learning environments, physical and conceptual modeling, and systems thinking. Multiple research instruments were used as formative and summative assessments to determine baseline understanding and quantify the consequences of student learning: pre- and post-tests and pre- and post-drawing assessments, science notebooks, field journals, reflections, and observations. After participation in the experiential water unit, most students increased their conceptual understanding of water cycle components and processes from surface to groundwater, physical properties of matter, and hydrogeological concepts of permeability and porosity. Systems thinking skills progressed over the unit from structural thinking to dynamic thinking. Implications of this study indicate that the experiential learning framework is an effective pedagogical tool for elementary science students to develop water literacy and science and engineering practices.
Comparison of Equations To Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate and Their Impact on Frequency of Cisplatin-associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Motwani Shveta S. , Choueiri Toni K. , Partridge Ann H. , Hu Jiani , Kaymakcalan Marina D. , Waikar Sushrut S. , Curhan Gary C.
Published: December 2020

Background

Accurate estimation of kidney function is essential for patient selection and drug dosing in patients with cancer. eGFR equations are necessary for decision making and monitoring. Our aim was to identify which of these equations—estimated creatinine clearance (eCrCl) by Cockcroft-Gault (CG), eGFR by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (eGFRMDRD), CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (eGFRCKD-EPI) or the recently proposed Janowitz-Williams equation (eGFRJ-W)—would be most suitable for GFR estimation among patients with cancer receiving cisplatin.

Methods

We assembled a cohort of 5274 patients with cancer treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy at two large cancer centers. We ascertained the frequency of cisplatin-associated AKI (C-AKI) defined as a ≥0.3 mg/dl rise in serum creatinine over baseline. We compared baseline eGFR and eCrCl using Bland-Altman (B-A) plots, coefficients of variation (CV), and concordance correlation coefficients. We calculated the positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (PPV), accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC).

Results

Patients were predominantly middle aged (median 58 years, IQR 49–66 years), overweight (median BMI 26.2, IQR 23.1–29.8 kg/m2), and White (88%), with a median baseline creatinine of 0.8 mg/dl and median cisplatin dose of 99 mg. C-AKI developed in 12% of the cohort. eGFRCKD-EPI had the highest PPV and AUC. eGFRCKD-EPI and eGFRMDRD, along with their BSA-modified counterparts, had the closest agreement with the lowest CV (7.2, 95% CI, 7.0 to 7.3) and the highest concordance. C-AKI was lowest when using eGFRCKD-EPI to define eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2.

Conclusions

On the basis of its superior diagnostic performance, eGFRCKD-EPI should be used to estimate GFR in patients being considered for cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Epidemiological and Biochemical Evaluation of Patients Under Monitoring with A Diagnosis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: PARLAK Emine , KESMEZ CAN Fatma , ALAY Handan , PARLAK Mehmet , ÖZKURT Zülal , KOŞAN Zahide
Published: December 2020

Aim: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a viral hemorrhagic fever. To evaluate the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics of patients with CCHF. Methods: This study was performed with adult patients under monitoring with diagnosis of CCHF at the Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine Infectious Diseases Clinic between April 2012 and August 2013. Results: Diagnosis of CCHF was based on presence of Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) anti-CCFV IgM and/or virus antigen at Refik Saydam Hygiene Center (RSHM) in patient serum and/or real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). One hundred twenty-one cases were included. Fifty-eight (48.7%) of patients were male and 62(51.2%) female, with a mean age of 50.04 ± 18.22 (16-86) years. Contact with ticks was determined in 62.8% of patients. Length of incubation was 3.9±2.7 days. Five patients (4.1%) died. Conclusion: CCHF which is carried by ticks is a fatal viral infection. The most important factor in protection is the prevention of tick contact. People living in endemic regions must be educated and instructed how to perform daily tick checks. Patients have got high fever, myalgia, headache and tick bite must be asked in history. We believe that early diagnosis and treatment of CCHF cases may significantly reduce morbidity and mortality.
La maternidad en conflicto en The Gathering de Anne Enright y La hija oscura de Elena Ferrante
Authors: Guzmán Patricia
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo se propone revisar las representaciones sobre la maternidad en dos novelas de autoras contemporáneas, The Gathering, de la irlandesa Anne Enright y La hija oscura, de la italiana Elena Ferrante. La necesidad de rebatir y debatir los discursos patriarcales sobre la maternidad no es patrimonio único de las intelectuales feministas de los siglos XX y XXI, sino que es evidente en la obra de muchas escritoras. En este trabajo se busca indagar los vínculos entre la construcción de la maternidad como relación social y la literatura, en tanto espacio de confluencia de diversos discursos sociales que se resignifican en los diferentes campos en los que circulan. Este trabajo no pretende ser exhaustivo, sino una reflexión sobre las relaciones entre narrativa y maternidad en las obras citadas, dejando abierto el camino para que se amplíe el corpus por analizar en un futuro.
Authors: Imaduddin Ilmi Rizki , Rofiq Muhammad Aunur
Published: December 2020

Mohon bimbingan dan arahannya
PERAN ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN DENGAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI
Authors: Hanif Aisha , Fitriyah Hadiah , Febriansah Rizky Eka
Published: December 2020

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ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS PROCESSES IN COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Shanin I. , Horohordin E.
Published: December 2020

The article examines and analyzes production processes in the structure of ongoing business processes on the example of furniture enterprises. At the analyzed enterprises, there is a need to adjust various flow processes that ensure the functioning of the business process for the production of furniture products. The crisis conditions in the competitive market determined a number of conditions, as a result of which many enterprises, including furniture ones, faced the problem of safe production under the conditions of restrictive measures. The activity of enterprises was affected by a decrease in demand, an increase in prices for the products of suppliers, namely, raw materials and material resources. Some enterprises are forced to reorient production with a minimum of human labor, but this cannot be done in the shortest possible time. The transition to "smart" production while keeping prices at the same level is possible only with competent management of current business processes. The article analyzes production business processes based on the methodology for optimizing primary and secondary processes. It is proposed to divide all business processes into production and business processes occurring during the sale of furniture products.
RELATIONSHIP OF THE TYPE OF WORKING BODY OF THE BRUSH CUTTER WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF CUTTING WOOD-SHRUB VEGETATION
Authors: Drapalyuk Mikhail , Bukhtoyarov Leonid , Pridvorova A.
Published: December 2020

To remove unwanted tree and shrub vegetation, it is necessary to use mechanized implements aggregated with traction means - tractors. The power consumption of the drive of these tools depends on their mass and the principles of the cutting process. Currently, mulchers, which are designed to grind felling residues with a diameter of tens of centimeters, remove shrubs with a diameter of up to several centimeters, which leads to unreasonably high costs for this type of work. The article studies the designs of frames and working bodies of brush cutters, which are a rotor rotating in a horizontal plane with a knife fixed on a flexible connection or hinge. On the basis of the structures, hypotheses have been put forward about the advisability of using the considered types of working bodies when cutting tree and shrub vegetation, taking into account its diameter. Using the presented connections between the types of working bodies and their ability to cut tree and shrub vegetation, it was revealed the possibility of developing narrowly focused mathematical models, which will reduce the energy consumption of hedge trimmers and increase their efficiency. The presented designs of rotors themselves are also insufficiently studied from the point of view of kinematics and dynamics of movement of their links, which is of certain scientific interest.
Case report sustained by literature review on the major approaches of the granular esophageal cell tumor
Authors:   ABC Medical School (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC), Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Santos Martins Sâmara Fernandes , Santos Juliany Medeiros ,   ABC Medical School (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC), Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Alvim Tomaz Bianca Caroline ,   ABC Medical School (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC), Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Waisberg Jaques ,   ABC Medical School (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC), Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Zotarelli-Filho Idiberto José ,   Professor, Associacao Brasileira de Nutrologia (ABRAN)/Brazilian Association of Nutrology, Catanduva/SP, Rua Belo Horizonte, 909 - Centro, Catanduva SP, Brazil.
Published: December 2020

Background: Granular Cell Tumors (GCT) are rare benign neoplasms with an estimated prevalence of 0,4% in retrospective series. About 8% of GCT are located in the gastrointestinal tract, having the esophagus as the main affected area. Malignancy was reported in 2-4% of cases and there are no well established treatment protocols. Case summary: It was present an oligo-symptomatic female patient with diagnosis of GCT presented on the endoscopy. Complementary investigation was based on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). The treatment consisted of mucosectomy and endoscopic variceal ligation, evolving with a favorable outcome. Conclusion: Despite disagreement on protocols for treatment of GCT, mucosectomy appears to be an effective option.
Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Campbell-Quintero Sebastián , Campbell-Quintero Santiago , Campbell-Silva Santiago
Published: December 2020

Emerging infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), present a major threat to public health. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the causative agent of a respiratory syndrome named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since then, the pandemic has escalated. The spectrum of COVID-19 presentations ranges from mild self-limited flulike illness to severe viral pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome that can be potentially fatal.
Comparative Study on Game Engines
Authors: Barczak Andrzej , Woźniak Hubert
Published: December 2020

Game engines are platforms that make it easier to create computer games. They allow you to integrate and combine into single unit individual game elements such as animations, interaction with the user, or detection of collisions between objects.
Game engine is a software that facilitates the production of games for platforms such as desktops, consoles, and mobile devices [1]. In addition to specialized editors, game engines provide ready-made functionalities that can be used by users. A great advantage of using the game engine is the possibility of their reuse. Game engines are an example of software isolating rigid logic and game rules, from easily modifiable and expandable components, which can be used repeatedly in a way that does not require great modifications.
This article is an attempt to perform a comparative analysis of three engines to create games: CryEngine, Unreal Engine, and Unity. The criteria for comparison will be technical capabilities and factors influencing the popularity and acceptance of engines by users. The aim of this article is to show the strengths and weaknesses of engines and to present the differences between these tools.
Cluster analysis on the example of work data of the National Power System. Part 1. Comparative study of methods and conditions
Authors: Tchórzewski Jerzy , Kania Tomasz
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of the research on the comparative study of the methods of cluster analysis and conditions, which was carried out from the point of view of their use, on the example of data concerning the operation of the National Power System. Two algorithms were used for the clustering analysis, i.e. the Ward algorithm and the algorithm of self-organizing two-dimensional maps. Cluster analysis was preceded by a review of hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods of data analysis and a description of the prepared experiment. The obtained results were interpreted. The work consists of two parts published under the same main title with different subtitles. This part 1 presents the results of the conducted review of selected methods of cluster analysis and the research conditions resulting from the adopted data on the operation of the National Power System. Part 2 presents the cluster analysis process and selected research results and their discussion.
Object classification with artificial neural networks: A comparative analysis
Authors: Niewiadomski Artur , Domeradzki Kornel
Published: December 2020

Object classification is a problem which has attracted a lot of research attention in recent years. Traditional approach to this problem is built on a shallow trainable architecture that was meant to detect handcrafted features. That approach works poorly and introduces many complications in situations where one is to work with more than a couple types of objects in an image with a large resolution. That is why in the past few years convolutional and residual neural networks have experienced a tremendous rise in popularity. In this paper, we provide a review on topics related to artificial neural networks and a brief overview of our research. Our review begins with a short introduction to the topic of computer vision. Afterwards we cover briefly the concepts of neural networks, convolutional and residual neural networks and their commonly used models. Then we provide a comparative performance analysis of the previously mentioned models in a binary and multi-label classification problem. Finally, multiple conclusions are drawn, which are to serve as guidelines for future computer vision systems implementations.
THE FINANCIAL SITUATION OF HOUSEHOLDS HEADED BY INDIVIDUALS AGED 50+
Authors: Szczecińska Beata
Published: December 2020

The article attempts to evaluate Poland’s households headed by an individual aged 50 or more. The study group comprised 20,879 households, and use was made of an integrated set of non-identifiable data from Główny Urząd Statystyczny (Statistics Poland) obtained against a fee. Four household groups were singled out according to the age of the head of the household. These groups corresponded to the old-age subgroups as defined by the World Health Organization. The research used selected parameters of the structure, by which the characteristics of the examined population were synthetically made. The results of the study showed that in each of the analyzed groups average monthly disposable income per capita exceeded average total expenditure. Approximately half of the respondents perceived the financial situation of their households as barely sufficient, a situation that had practically not changed over the previous year. Analyses such as the present one are a valuable contribution to the development of a policy addressing the needs of the elderly.
Paper and Paper Products and Wood and Wood Products Sectors Competition Analysis: Brics Countries and Turkey
Authors: AKYÜZ Kadri Cemil , AKYÜZ İlker
Published: December 2020

Financial crises on a world scale cause the emergence of new economic structures and powers. While the financial efficiency of developed countries decreases, developing countries are increasing their positions. BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China), which emerged as an alternative economic power after the financial crisis in 2008, started to be known as BRICS countries with the addition of South Africa in 2011 and became an important economic structure. Its economic and demographic strength of thanks and wishing to take part in the active position in the world Turkey is willing to take part in the BRICS. Determination of Turkey's infrastructure sector as competitive with these countries is extremely important. In this study of the important sectoral groups of Turkey Paper and Paper Products and Wood and Wood Products Sector is intended to determine whether a location opposite of how the BRICS countries. Revealed Comparative Advantages approach was used in the study covering the years between 2010-2019. As a result of the study, countries were compared at year level and superior sectoral structures were determined.
Chemical Changes in Historical Wooden Structure in Rize-Fırtına Valley
Authors: GEZER Engin Derya , AYDOĞAN Büşra
Published: December 2020

Studies conducted to determine the factors that cause damage in historical wooden buildings in our country are quite limited. Rize-Fırtına Valley, with a climate index higher than 65, is one of the regions with the highest rainfall in our country. The risk of decay in historical wooden buildings in this region due to the high climate index is quite high. As a result of this situation, the resistance properties of wood are negatively affected. Within the scope of the research, samples were taken from wooden mansions that are at least 150 years old in the region. Cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose contents were determined in order to detect chemical changes occurring in the chemical structures of the wood samples. Thanks to the obtained results from this study, intervention/restoration methods may be suggested for the protection and sustainability of wooden materials in historical buildings.
Effect of Pre-Treatments On Wear Index Of Varnished Wood Plastic Composites (Wpc) With Pigmented
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Turgay , MENGELOĞLU Fatih , GEZER Engin Derya
Published: December 2020

The utilization and usage areas of the wood plastic composites (WPC) have increased over the years. In addition, the importance of wood plastic composites produced by adding pigments has increased in terms of usage area. To be able to increase the coating ability of plastics, different pre-treatment had been used and some improvements were achieved. It is the purpose of this study to determine the wear index in abrasion of the WPC with pigmented using various coating and pre-treatments. For this purpose, it was used 2 different coating types (acrylic and cellulosic based) and 4 different pretreatments (sanding, acid treatment, UV, microwave). WPC with pigmented were manufactured and samples after various pretreatment and coating were prepared. The adhesion strength values were determined after coating. The results showed that pre-treatments used in this project affected the wear index. Acrylic based coating gave the best results of wear index in abrasion
Mechanical Properties of Wood Members in Santa Maria Church
Authors: GEZER Engin Derya , DEMİRKIR Cenk , ÖZDEMİR Turgay
Published: December 2020

Wood is one of the oldest building materials used on earth. Wood as a building material; it has been evaluated in different ways according to the socio-economic, cultural and natural resource structures of the countries. In addition, wood is a building material used in the construction of places of worship such as mosques and churches according to the belief structures of the societies. Our country, which has a deep-rooted culture and history, is also rich with its places of worship, houses, architecture and use of houses. It is possible to come across some of these building examples in the black sea region. One of them is the Santa Maria church, which was built between 1869-1874 in the Merkez Kemerkaya district in Trabzon, and is a religious center where foreigners who visit the city still worship. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the wooden materials of the church of Santa Maria by testing them non-destructive test methods. In this way, it was aimed to determine the current bearing properties without damaging the structural materials in a wooden structure built in our country and surviving for many years. For this purpose, the damage, defects and resistance properties of the building's bearing elements were tried to be determined with non-destructive test devices. The results obtained were compared with the values specified in the EN 338 standard. It was determined that most of the wooden elements in the structure still maintained their load-bearing properties and provide the minimum mechanical resistance properties specified in the standards.
Цитобіофізична методика визначення індивідуальної чутливості до НВЧ-терапії
Authors: Брюзгінова Н.В. , Іванов В.К. , Малахов В.О. , Сіренко С.П. , Стадник О.М.
Published: December 2020

Розроблено й досліджено цитобіофізичну методику визначення індивідуальної чутливості до надвисокочастотної терапії в неврології. Проведено дослідження 55 пацієнтів із діагнозом дисциркуляторної енцефалопатії I і II ступенів. Показано неоднозначну реакцію клітин букального епітелію на надвисокочастотне випромінювання. Застосування цитобіофізичної методики дозволяє на клітинному рівні визначати індивідуальну чутливість хворого до надвисокочастотної терапії на всіх етапах лікування.
Aiming for a Middle Ground: Mary Hays’s Appeal to the Men of Great Britain and the Challenge of Perspective
Authors: Bergmann Helena
Published: December 2020

In 1798, a year after the death of the renowned feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, her friend, the Unitarian writer and polemist, Mary Hays, authored her own tract on the subject of women’s liberation. Entitled Appeal to the Men of Great Britain in Behalf of Women, the publication was not intended to compete with Wollstonecraft’s fiery A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Hays wished to address the major societal issue of inequality between the sexes from a less adversarial angle. As opposed to Wollstonecraft, in her introduction, Mary Hays assumes a posture of humility when stating her ambition: ‘to restore female character to its dignity and independence.’ This paper discusses the rhetorical devices employed by Hays to modify the engrained ideas of her anticipated male readers. Her tract is divided into a set argumentative sequences in the shape of seven chapters. The first of these calls in question the reliance on the Scripture as a foundation for the acceptance of the male-female hierarchy. The second seeks to invalidate the conviction that the subjection of women’s in society could be condoned through rational causes. The third and fourth chapters give an overview of some major, misconceptions of men with regard to women’s capabilities. Chapter five and six illustrate plentiful examples of unsavoury realities of female existence. In the last chapter of the Appeal, Mary Hays delivers a set of exhortations and hopeful recommendations for effectuating a change. The overall aim of the paper is to identify and analyse Hays’s strategy for converting the opposite sex, not through revolutionary ferocity or meek supplications, but through constructive persuasiveness. In a concluding section some supportive male intellectuals are introduced to illustrate Hays’s achievement of a middle ground on which to communicate.
‘Happeners…don’t merely dig the scene, they make it’: The Social Meaning of the Work of Art in Allan Kaprow’s Happenings
Authors: Routledge Laura
Published: December 2020

This paper looks at Allan Kaprow’s Happenings through the framework of Peter Bürger’s 1971 Theory of the Avant-Garde. It suggests that Kaprow’s Happenings project can be read as a detailed investigation into the way in which the category ‘art’ was formulated in his society, and an exploration of alternative possibilities for the social meaning and function of works of art excluded by this dominant ontology. The paper focuses specifically on Kaprow’s interrogation of the dominant understanding of the relationship between the art work and the spectator in the mid-century American art world, and the alternatives to this model that his Happenings proposed. Throughout the course of the 1960s, I demonstrate, Kaprow painstakingly explored and developed these alternatives, slowly formulating a model for the social function and meaning of the category ‘art’ that decentred hegemonic ideas about artistic autonomy and sought to ‘reintegrate art into the praxis of life’ (Bürger, 22).
An Excursion on Land
Authors: Mobärg Mats
Published: December 2020

A fundamental aspect of political language is the words we use for potentially contentious political-cultural concepts, as well as how we use them. This paper investigates the use of the noun land in a small sample of English authors, from Shakespeare to Virginia Woolf, comparing that use to how the same authors use the nouns country and nation, as presented in a previous paper along the same lines. In addition to simple frequencies, the combinatory potential of the noun land is examined. Special attention is paid to the use of land in the works of Shakespeare and Marie Corelli. Land in Shakespeare was shown to have a higher combinatory potential than country, which was ascribed partly to the formal properties of the word, partly to its suitability as part of Shakespeare’s imagery, in the context of the political situation in England in the late sixteenth century. Corelli’s abundant use of land is seen as exaggeratedly symptomatic of Victorian style, which has contributed to the word being stylistically marked in present-day English. A general finding is that land, even when used in a political sense, retains some of its concrete meaning, which may contribute to its rhetorical usefulness.
‘Of course, it didn’t work—that kind of scheme never does’: Scotland, the Nordic Imaginary, and the Mid-Twentieth-Century Thriller
Authors: Kennedy Joe
Published: December 2020

In the course of the last two decades, nationalist politics in Scotland have pivoted away from positing a civic identity founded on traditionally Celtic motifs—clans, tartan, the Gaelic language—in order to instead imagine an independent country closely resembling its Nordic near-neighbours in economic and cultural terms. Eulogising the Nordic welfare model, some secessionists have even suggested that a post-UK Scotland could join the Nordic Council. This article seeks to contextualise conceptualisations of Scottishness which lean on the ‘Nordic’ by examining representations of Northern Europe, and Scotland’s place within it, in two mid-twentieth-century Scottish thriller novels, John Buchan’s The Island of Sheep (1936) and Eric Linklater’s The Dark of Summer (1956). Respectively a unionist and a nationalist, Buchan and Linklater find opportunities in their work to explore both continuities and discontinuities between Scotland and the Nordic countries, and both demonstrate—with varying degrees of criticality—the extent to which a putative ‘Nordic Scottishness’ slips too easily into an exclusionary cultural logic. Drawing on geocriticism, this article will problematise efforts to re-found Scottish nationalism on the basis of a Nordicised cultural identity.
From National to Global Obsession: Football and Football English in the Superdiverse 21st Century
Authors: Bergh Gunnar , Ohlander Sölve
Published: December 2020

Today’s football enjoys an unprecedented global status, as the world’s favourite sport as well as a mass cultural phenomenon. To a significant degree, it transcends national, social and cultural boundaries. European top teams are characterized by a striking ethnic and linguistic diversity; Manchester United fans may be found across the globe. Today’s football can thus be seen as a special example of ‘superdiversity,’ a notion introduced following far-reaching changes in migration patterns since the 1990s, in Britain and elsewhere. Its emergence coincided with a vastly increased media coverage of football worldwide, in turn contributing to greatly increased use of football language, on television and the internet. Football language—involving communication at various levels among players, spectators, fans and commentators—represents a conceptual sphere shared by the (‘imagined’) global community of all those who take an interest in the ‘people’s game.’ Consequently, due to football’s present-day status, millions of people across the globe are also familiar with football language. Sociolinguistically, it makes up a special part of a person’s linguistic repertoire, independently of more conventional sociolinguistic variables. Against this background, we argue that today’s football and football language—especially football English as a register of Global English—may serve as a communicative link across barriers related to nationality, culture and language. In this regard, certain parallels are noted between the early social history of British football and the potential of today’s football and football English to promote integration and a sense of identity in superdiverse societies, not least by providing opportunities for communicative interaction.
CREATING A SHARED MEANING TOWARDS ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE INITIATIVES: YAHOO CASE STUDY
Authors: UYAN Umut
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the intensification of research that treat organizational change as the new normality has led to a renewed interest in organizational change and has entailed redefining the role of leadership and other stakeholders in terms of the success of the process. Since the need for change has become an unpredictable fact as a result of constantly evolving environment, it tends to be more unplanned and often subject to a certain level of resistance. Unlike previous organizational change practices, the attention has shifted towards more an inclusive perspective to create shared meanings instead of centralized approaches. The purpose of this paper is to, first, explore the role of transformational leadership in mediating emerged organizational change in Yahoo! and then, second, investigate the role of constructive communication in diminishing resistance to change that comes from different interest groups based on power/interest that they possess. A single case study approach has been applied in order to examine the dynamic nature of organizational change in Yahoo! between 2012 and the beginning of 2017. The data for this study is collected through analyzing the range of quality researches that were done before and derived from a variety of newspaper and journal articles and online collections.
Pragmática y Sintaxis: Una experiencia con el uso de hipermedia en Inglés
Authors: Urgilés-Suárez Diana Marlene , Garcia-Herrera Darwin Gabriel , Cárdenas-Cordero Nancy Marcela , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

Se tuvo por objetivo implementar actividades innovadoras para los docentes a través de la hipermedia para lograr el correcto uso de la pragmática, la sintaxis y la semántica en la escuela Emilio Abad de la Provincia Cañar del Cantón Azogues, parroquia Azogues del Ecuador. De tipo descriptiva con diseño no experimental transversal, la muestra poblacional estuvo conformada por 25 docentes y 167 estudiantes. Se demuestra que hay importancia en el cuidado de las reglas gramaticales en un nuevo idioma como es el inglés, por cuanto este aspecto es muy interesante, permite respetar de las reglas gramaticales para poder interpretar y entender un nuevo idioma. Para la adquisicion de una segunda lengua es importante hacer hincapie en los usos las reglas gramaticales, la coherencia del contexto, por consiguiente la tecnologia brinda elementos transcendentales para reparar y corregir aspectos gramaticales muy importantes que logran  cambios sinificativos en los estudiantes.
Educación inmersiva aplicada a la asignatura de Emprendimiento y Gestión: Una experiencia con Metaverse
Authors: Espinoza-Guzmán Liliana Vanessa , García-Herrera Darwin Gabriel , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos , Narváe-Zurita Cecilia Ivonne
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la educación inmersiva aplicada a la asignatura de emprendimiento y gestión de bachillerato general unificado de la Unidad Educativa Jadán ubicada en la parroquia Jadán, cantón Gualaceo, provincia del Azuay. Enfoque metodológico mixto. Un 88,5 % de los estudiantes están de acuerdo en experimentar con las tecnologías inmersivas para su proceso de aprendizaje. Los docentes expresaron que tienen dificultad con la utilización de la tecnología por ende surge la necesidad de una capacitación en TIC, plataformas virtuales, sobre el uso y manejo de estos recursos educativos digitales como el Metaverse, para lograr una educación inmersiva dentro de la institución educativa.
Storytelling como estrategia para fortalecer el idioma Inglés
Authors: Chávez-Suárez Marcia Elena , García-Herrera Darwin Gabriel , Castro-Salazar Ana Zulema , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el Storytelling como estrategia para fortalecer el idioma inglés. La metodología  se cimentó  en una investigación descriptiva, no experimental de cohorte trasversal, en lo referente al  enfoque epistemológico se tomo en cuenta el enfoque cuantitativo. La aplicación de este recurso digital llamado Storytelling dentro de la asignatura de lengua extranjera inglés, tuvo mucha trascendencia y valor creativo, generó en los estudiantes el interés de aprender algo nuevo e interesante en la pronunciación del habla inglesa, aplacando el miedo de producirlo frente a sus compañeros,  de igual manera, los docentes de inglés manifestaron el gusto de aprender recursos digitales para transformar la  enseñanza y aprendizaje de sus alumnos cuyos resultados permitieron testificar la necesidad de la investigación.
Podcast como recurso didáctico para desarrollar habilidades comunicativas
Authors: Romero-Velásquez Iván Fernando , García-Herrera Darwin Gabriel , Erazo-Álvarez Cristian Andrés , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de la investigación se basó en analizar el Podcast como recurso didáctico para desarrollar habilidades comunicativas en estudiantes de nivel de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa Particular Liceo Americano Católico. De tipo descriptiva con diseño no experimental de cohorte transversal, siendo la muestra poblacional de 48 estudiantes. El cruce de variables se obtiene una asignación bilateral de 0.000 este resultado demuestra la relación entre las variables analizadas evidenciando que el podcast es útil para desarrollar experiencias de aprendizaje por lo concerniente la hipótesis es válida. El podcast es útil para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje puesto que su diseño es el mecanismo que permite desarrollar destrezas y competencias interdisciplinarias en cada uno de los usuarios.