bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman Peserta Didik Menggunakan Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Jigsaw di Kelas V SD Negeri 03 Pakan Kurai Kota Bukittinggi
Authors: Rafika Rafika , Suriani Ari
Published: May 2024

Cooperative Learning Model type Jigsaw is a learning model that can be used in the learning process to improve the reading skills of the student's understanding. The background of this study is poor reading skills, learning processes that are still centered on the teacher, students who have difficulty understanding the reading text and identifying the key ideas or basic ideas as well as important details contained in the text they read. The study aims to describe improved reading skills and understanding of the student using the Cooperative Learning model of the Jigsaw type. The research was carried out at the SDN 03 Pakan Kurai City of Bukittinggi. This type of research is class action research that consists of four stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This research uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research was carried out in two cycles, Cycle I consisting of two meetings and Cycle II consisted of one meeting. Subject of the research is the student of V SD State 03 Pakan Kurai City Bukittinggi. This study showed that there was an improvement in the reading skills of learners using the Cooperative Learning model of Jigsaw. Thus, the cooperative learning model of jigsaw can be an effective option for enhancing the learning skills of students.
Sustainability Education in Pakistan: A Qualitative Content Analysis of The 10th Grade Pakistan Studies Textbook
Authors: Muhammad Jamil  , Wahid Mehmood  , Afira Aslam
Published: May 2024

Using the Sustainability Framework proposed by Tavanti (2010), depiction of sustainability in 10th grade Pakistan Studies textbook. This textbook was selected through purposive sampling. For data analysis, Qualitative Content Analysis was used facilitated by NVivo 12 software. The findings of the study revealed that sustainability in the 10th grade Pakistan studies textbook was limited and lacked integration and concentration among several dimensions of sustainability as per Tavanti’s framework of sustainability. Partial coverage has been given to social, economic, cultural, and values dimensions of sustainability. Also, it lacks depth and does not discuss them critically. On the other hand, the environmental and institutional dimensions are almost non-existent. The textbook mostly emphasizes the economic use of natural resources and relatively ignores the role of environmental conservation and responsible use of natural resources. Moreover, the textbook failed to cover the role of indigenous knowledge, cultural diversity, and values in the promotion of sustainable development.
Keywords: , textbook, Pakistan Studies, qualitative content analysis,
Nvivo
THE INFLUENCE OF FIRM SIZE, LEVERAGE AND PROFITABILITY ON HEDGING DECISIONS IN COMPANIES REGISTERED CONSUMPTION GOODS INDUSTRY ON BEI FOR THE 2021-2022 PERIOD
Authors: Handayani Sri
Published: May 2024

International trade activities cannot be separated from various risks that may arise in its operations. The risk that often arises in companies that carry out international trade is fluctuating foreign exchange rates. One way to deal with foreign exchange rate risk is by hedging. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of firm size, leverage and profitability on company hedging decisions. This type of research uses quantitative research. The sample is companies in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2021-2022 period which were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data collection method documentation uses methods sourced from the company's official website. The data analysis technique uses logistic regression analysis. The research results show 1) there is no significant influence between firm size on the company's hedging decisions, because the sig value is 0.221 > 0.05; 2) there is no significant influence between leverage and the company's hedging decisions, because the sig value is 0.262 > 0.05; and 3) there is a significant influence between profitability and the company's hedging decisions, shown by a sig value of 0.002 < 0.05.
Cybersecurity Awareness, and Cybersecurity Behavior of High School Students in Davao City: A Mediation Role of Perceived Behavioral Control
Authors: Booc Neil Bryan B. , Budiongan Kenneth , Carballo Ramil
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the mediating effect of perceived behavioral control in the relationship between cybersecurity awareness and cybersecurity behavior of high school students in Davao City, Philippines drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through a survey questionnaire distributed to 100 high school students in a private school in Davao City. Established measures were used to assess cybersecurity awareness, perceived behavioral control, and cybersecurity behavior, with strict adherence to ethical considerations and data confidentiality. The study discovered a significant positive correlation among students' cybersecurity awareness, perceived behavioral control, and cybersecurity behavior. Both awareness and perceived control were found to be strong predictors of cybersecurity behavior, indicating that students with higher awareness and confidence in their abilities are more likely to engage in positive cybersecurity practices. These findings underscore the importance of educational efforts in promoting cybersecurity behavior among high school students. By enhancing cybersecurity awareness and promoting a sense of control among students, educators, and policymakers can better prepare them to navigate the digital landscape safely. Future research should explore the effectiveness of different educational interventions and assess their long-term impacts on students' cybersecurity behavior.
Ectopic Pregnancy with Ovarian Tropism: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Benghanem Lounas , Faïd Lydia , Haïl Kamel , Benyahia Radia
Published: May 2024

Ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of extra uterine pregnancy. It is a particular pathology in terms of its clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapeutic management. We report a case of ovarian extra uterine pregnancy managed laparoscopically.
JOSSCast #10: Defect Structure Searching – Irea Mosquera-Lois and Seán Kavanagh on ShakeNBreak
Authors: Smith Arfon M.
Published: May 2024

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Apple, Spotify, YouTube, RSS Irea Mosquera-Lois and Seán Kavanagh join Arfon and Abby to discuss releasing software based on important research observations, earning a PhD, and building ShakeNBreak, a defect structure searching method that better identifies low-energy structures. Irea is a PhD Student at Imperial College London. Seán is an Environmental Fellow at Harvard University.
From continuity of information to continuity of care through user software 'Syntegra'
Authors: Stojković Ivana , Vasilijević Nataša
Published: May 2024

Enhancing continuity of information and the promotion of health care is one of the biggest challenges in improving health information systems. The aim of this study was to explain the preliminary stages of development and implementation of electronic nursing documentation via user software ' Syntegra.' Strategic Studies (SWOT analysis), shows a preliminary analysis of the development and implementation of electronic nursing documentation via user software ' Syntegra ' which is used in the Clinical Center of Serbia, as tracker the movement of drugs and medical supplies. In addition to the strategic analysis the descriptive statistical method questionnaire was performed and send to 49 e - mail addresses of staff nurses who work daily in this application software. Studies and surveys were conducted during 2013. By applying, a SWOT analysis shows the internal strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats on the basis of which can be done by the development and implementation of electronic nursing documentation using the existing software. Based on the results of the study and descriptive statistical analysis of the questionnaire it was noted that there is an opportunity to do an upgrade of existing software and the application of nursing documentation in electronic form.
Management of continuous medical education: The bridge to exceptionality of ICU nurse
Authors: Dragošev Gordana
Published: May 2024

Continuous education is defined as a synonym of lifelong learning or professional improvement. Other definition includes professional development or professional learning as 'learning activities designed to increase knowledge, skills and Nurses attitudes and therefore to enrich the Nurses contribution to quality of health care'. Activities of continuous education can have a form of returning on formal level of schooling - studying, or informal form of learning as participating on different professional meetings for professional improvement, i.e. development outside the college. After finished vocational and/or academic studies it is quite certain that Nurse didn't gained all needed skills and knowledge's for working in intensive care unit. Therefore in developed countries and organized education programs of schooling Nurses continue their education on specialization study programs to became a Intensive Care Nurses specialists (in Serbia doesn't exist this program of education). And, this is not all because after formal education Intensive Care Nurses specialists need to follow all acquired programs of continuous education as precondition for re-licensing procedure. Nurse, as a professional, need to be engaged with lifelong learning which have an impact on personal development of clinical practice and quality of health care which is provided to the patient. Existing technical skills and Nurses critical thinking are not enough to sustain an Evidence Based care in advanced clinical practice. Nurses need to foster the passion for learning during their carriers. They need to built health working environment which motivates continuous education. Some people claim that for Nurses learning begins after finished schooling. Although this is partially true, Nurses in intensive care unit must have and researching spirit which stretches far from college walls, where the fundament of professional practice is just established.
Education of family medicine nurses in change management
Authors: Rakić Severin
Published: May 2024

Development of primary health care, based on the family medicine model, has recently had a central role in reform efforts in health system of the Republic of Srpska. During the reorganization of primary healthcare centres, the nurses were allocated to family medicine teams and their responsibilities were increased. In addition to skilled medical tasks, they became responsible for different non­medical aspects of team work in family medicine. Based on the example of the nurses in family medicine teams in the Republic of Srpska, this paper aims to emphasise importance of health management education in acceptance and implementation of reform processes. One-week course 'Change Management Training for Family Medicine Teams' was delivered to 71 groups of participants between January 2008 and November 2014. There were 1.178 nurses among 1.824 participants. The information provided to nurses on the course, reinforced their acceptance of family medicine model, but also their acceptance of continuously changing environment in which they operated. The course enabled participants to identify personal development needs related to managerial aspects of their jobs. Such nurses' empowerment supported their participation in implementation of reform processes. The approach for planning and provision of the course could be used as a good practice example for educational support to complex reform process in health systems, which require simultaneous participation of a large number of health workers.
Specifics of anaesthesia at reconstructive surgery of thoracic aorta
Authors: Pavić Vladislav
Published: May 2024

According to statistics of mortality in European countries, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in most developed countries and in developing countries around the world. Thanks to the use of newer diagnostic methods, such as transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), magnetic resonance (MRI), computerized tomography (CT), which is widely used in the last ten years, enabled better and earlier diagnostic of aorta diseases even in emergencies. These new imaging techniques have contributed to the change of approach in the way of treating patients, for faster diagnosis and decision making for further treatment. Dissection of aorta is the most common form of aorta lesions. Represents layering of the aortic wall resulting with cleft of intimae of aortic wall and the formatting of a hematoma in the media of the aortic wall, which spreads through the cleft communicating with the lumen of the aorta. Clinical manifestations of aortic dissection are usually sudden and searing pain in the chest. With a spreading of dissection pain migrates with a clinical signs that arises due to difficulties in the flow through the aortic limb. Sudden death with clinical signs of tamponade is a consequence of the aneurism rupture at the pericardium or pleura. Aim: To present the specifics of anaesthesia and specific protocols at IKVD 'Dedinje', Belgrade for this type of surgery.
Diagnostics and ethical aspects brain death diagnosis
Authors: Peličić Damir , Ratković Marina , Radunović Danilo , Prelević Vladimir
Published: May 2024

Reserve of organs for transplantation is currently mostly derived from cadaveric donors with established brain death. For these reasons, the diagnosis of the brain is an essential step in providing organs available for transplantation. Today, different medical schools don't accept the same concept of brain death. Consequently, the criteria for the diagnosis of brain death are different depending on the concept of which brain death is used. The three main concepts are: the concept of the death of the whole brain (Whole Brain Death Concept), the concept of brain stem death (Brainstem Death Concept) neocortical death (Higher Brain Death or neocortical Death). Depending on which concept of brain death is applied in everyday practice, diagnosis of brain's death in question is established by: neurological examination, atropine test, the apnea test and by various instrumental tests. There is no one instrumental test that proves the absence of all neurological functions of the central nervous system. However, there are instrumental tests which have the ability to prove the phenomenon that are closely related to brain death. These tests are complementary to those which prove the absence of neurological activity. Brain death has the medical, ethical, economic, legal, and other implications. No field of medical science and medical practice was initially sparked with many ethical dilemmas such as obtaining organs from deceased donors, mainly because it is based on the brain death diagnosis, but overall bioethical science has defined a cadaveric transplant completely justified in order to care for the lives and health of people.
Nursing interventions in management of cancer pain
Authors: Pavlović Jelena , Dragošev Gordana
Published: May 2024

Palliative care is a comprehensive medical, psychological, social and spiritual care in order to provide the necessary care for patients with incurable disease that rapidly and aggressively shortens the life of man. Pain is unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Cancer pain may be acute, sub acute and chronic. Pain in cancer patients may be caused by cancer, treatment or occurs accompanied with a disease. In all aspects of palliative care the highest and most responsible role of the nurse, even when it comes to the assessment of cancer pain through medical history, physical examination and additional numerous tests. Strong opioid analgesics are the cornerstone of therapy severe chronic cancer pain. Conclusion - Pain is not an integral part of life of cancer patients and should be treated. The approach to each patient should be individually, based on a careful assessment of the risks and benefits of the applied treatment.
Economic cooperation of the Republic of Serbia and the People's Republic of China
Authors: Mali Siniša
Published: May 2024

In the past decade, the cooperation between Serbia and China has become a key factor in the economic development of our country. Serbia is the first country in Central and Eastern Europe to establish a strategic partnership with China in 2009. A special momentum has been recorded since 2013, while in 2016 this was raised to the level of comprehensive strategic partnership, which represents the backbone of our extremely successful cooperation. The rise of bilateral relations, as China is currently one of the most important economic partners of Serbia, measured both by the volume of commodity exchange and the value of Serbian exports, as well as by the value of investments and joint projects, has been significantly contributed to by the steel friendship of the two countries and strong political support at the highest level by the President of the Republic of Serbia Aleksandar Vučić and the President of the People's Republic of China XI Jinping.
Unveiling historical laws of the rise and fall of human civilization and pointing to path for civilization advancement: Theoretical connotation and practical value of the Global Civilization Initiative
Authors: Xiang Gao
Published: May 2024

Analyzing strategic advantages and the depth of the Global Civilization Initiative and its role in the modernization of humanity, through the practice of the Chinese path and respect for diversities, the author offers a scientific vi-sion of further development of the planet and directions of progress. The opening of the ancient Silk Road provided important channels for the exchange of cultures, goods and information between the East and the West, laying a strong foundation for further cooperation of civilizations. Even after numerous social, political and economic changes in the international environment, China remains firm in pursuing independent foreign politics of peace, vigorously advocating Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence ad for continued expansion of friendly exchanges and mutually useful cooperation with the countries throughout the world which have different cultures and ideologies. The global security deficit can be solved only through honest understanding and respect, and that is why China insists on mutual consultation and understanding with the promotion of shared progress through cooperation.
ФОРМУВАННЯ У МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСІВ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОЇ СОЛІДАРНОСТІ В СУЧАСНОМУ ОСВІТНЬОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Тетяна Володимирівна ПОТАПЧУК
Published: May 2024

У статті розглянуто концепції та теорії, які становлять основу для формування громадянської солідарності майбутніх учителів початкових класів. Проведено аналіз методичних підходів та практик, спрямованих на розвиток цієї важливої якості в майбутніх педагогічних працівників. Обгрунтовано, що формування громадянської солідарності у майбутніх учителів має вирішальне значення для їхньої громадянської компетентності. Ключові слова: майбутні учителі початкових класів, громадянськість, громадянська солідарність, професійна компетентність, громадянська компетентність, сучасний освітній процес України
INDIVIDUAL AND AGE PROPERTIES OF BEGINNING SINGERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PROCESS OF VOCAL SKILLS’ FORMATION
Authors: Hanna Anatoliivna USOVA , Lintao WEI
Published: May 2024

The article examines the influence of individual and personal properties of junior and teenage pupils, which significantly affect the ontogenesis of musical abilities and their singing training. It was noted that taking these factors into account should lay the foundation for teaching singing to pupils of different ages. In teaching singing to elementary school students, attention is focused on the fact that, due to the adverse influence of the musical environment, a significant proportion of children develop a so-called «partial brake», which becomes an obstacle to the spontaneous and natural mastery of the skills of repeating the simplest melodies, and with it, to the development of pitch hearing, harmonic sense, musical memory and internal auditory images. The internal and external factors of these inhibitory processes are characterized, which include the peculiarities of children’s temperament and behavioral tendencies and their combination with habits that are formed in them as a result of pedagogical mistakes and family circumstances that negatively affect the process of realizing their speech and intonation potentials. Two types of temperament and the peculiarities of their manifestation in the process of teaching singing students are distinguished, namely: choleric temperament with a preference for the excitatory state of the nervous system and melancholic temperament with a characteristically weak type of nervous system and a preference for inhibitory processes. These properties often lead to the emergence of problems in the individual at the initial stage of musical development and negatively affect their condition throughout life. The external signs of their manifestation are the condition of the muscular body, the peculiarities of speech and communication, tending to the corresponding behavioral style. In the first case, the student’s excessive activity, general muscle stiffness, the need to quickly switch attention and the inability to concentrate it on the performance of tasks, the inability to act on the advice (instructions) of an adult are characteristic. For children with impaired tone of the nervous system, an overly relaxed, «flabby» muscle state is typical, which negatively affects the lack of support in the process of sound production and sound conduction, increased fatigue, slow formation of conditioned reflexes, which are the basis of the motor-singing skills formation. Keywords: individual and age psychological properties; development of musical abilities; singing lessons; vocal skills; students of different ages.
Pengaruh Pengungkapan Key Audit Matters, Opini Audit Dan Fee Audit Terhadap Audit Delay
Authors: Kumaunang Ruslan Peeso , Salim Mursalam , Sumartono Sumartono
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengungkapan key audit matters, opini audit dan fee audit terhadap waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan auditan atau yang dikenal audit delay. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan sektor Properti & Real Estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2022. Teknik pengumpulan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 34 perusahaan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji statistik deskriptif, uji model, uji asumsi klasik yaitu uji normalitas dan uji multikolinieritas menggunakan alat bantu Eviews 12. Adapun uji lainnya seperti, uji regresi linear berganda dan uji hipotesis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pengungkapan key audit matters dan fee audit tidak mempengaruhi waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan auditan atau yang dikenal sebagai audit delay. Sedangkan opini audit berpengaruh terhadap audit delay.
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 4.2024
Authors: Riely Gregory J. , Wood Douglas E. , Ettinger David S. , Aisner Dara L. , Akerley Wallace , Bauman Jessica R. , Bharat Ankit , Bruno Debora S. , Chang Joe Y. , Chirieac Lucian R. , DeCamp Malcolm , Desai Aakash P. , Dilling Thomas J. , Dowell Jonathan , Durm Gregory A. , Gettinger Scott , Grotz Travis E. , Gubens Matthew A. , Juloori Aditya , Lackner Rudy P. , Lanuti Michael , Lin Jules , Loo Billy W. , Lovly Christine M. , Maldonado Fabien , Massarelli Erminia , Morgensztern Daniel , Mullikin Trey C. , Ng Thomas , Owen Dawn , Owen Dwight H. , Patel Sandip P. , Patil Tejas , Polanco Patricio M. , Riess Jonathan , Shapiro Theresa A. , Singh Aditi P. , Stevenson James , Tam Alda , Tanvetyanon Tawee , Yanagawa Jane , Yang Stephen C. , Yau Edwin , Gregory Kristina M. , Hang Lisa
Published: May 2024

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) provide recommendations for the treatment of patients with NSCLC, including diagnosis, primary disease management, surveillance for relapse, and subsequent treatment. The panel has updated the list of recommended targeted therapies based on recent FDA approvals and clinical data. This selection from the NCCN Guidelines for NSCLC focuses on treatment recommendations for advanced or metastatic NSCLC with actionable molecular biomarkers.
The secret lives of things: a phenomenological approach to Oliver Sacks’ narrative of the life course
Authors: Cerezo Moreno Marta
Published: May 2024

Framed within the phenomenological turn that literary studies have experienced through the last few decades, this article analyses Oliver Sacks’ narrative of the life course in Uncle Tungsten (2001) and Gratitude (2015) as about the very act of embodied perception from an object-oriented perspective. Sacks presents himself as what French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty depicted as a «phenomenal body», a sentient body playing an active and intentional role ‒ in the phenomenological sense of being directed toward something ‒ in his/her relation to and perception of the self, nature, and the other. Sacks’ narrative will be analysed in light of four central concepts in Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of perception: perspective, enigma, chiasma, and flesh. This study reads Sacks’ narrative as an outstanding literary illustration of Gilbert G. Germain’s presentation of Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of perception as a return journey to a world permeated by an affective, lyrical, and enigmatic understanding of science where the embodied perception of natural objects is central to the recognition of the self and what surrounds it.
Las construcciones de fingimiento de inglés y urdu: el caso de las construcciones incoativas y medias
Authors: Hayat Khan Mahum
Published: May 2024

Este artículo compara las construcciones incoativas y medias en dos lenguas tipológicamente diferentes, inglés y urdu. Estas construcciones, que están estrechamente relacionadas, se han tratado en estudios formales y funcionales del lenguaje, principalmente en inglés. No han recibido mucha atención en Lingüística Cognitiva, y mucho menos desde un punto de vista inter-lingüístico. Por esta razón, el presente artículo muestra que las perspectivas cognitiva e inter-lingüística pueden combinarse fructíferamente para mostrar las restricciones de uso de estas construcciones, lo que determina su significado potencial. La elección de urdu e inglés es significativa. El inglés es una lengua acusativa, mientras que el urdu es una lengua ‘split-ergative’ que combina características de los idiomas ergativo y acusativo. Esta diferencia definitivamente afecta la forma en que los hablantes manejan las construcciones incoativas y medias. Además, comprender la motivación del uso del lenguaje es fundamental para comprender la naturaleza de estas construcciones y cómo se relacionan. Las construcciones incoativas y medias son un tipo de construcciones de fingimiento, es decir, aquellas que involucran la reconstrucción de estados, situaciones y eventos (Ruiz de Mendoza & Miró, 2019), que a menudo están motivadas por fenómenos como la metáfora y la metonimia. El estudio inter-lingüístico de los ejemplos en ambas lenguas nos ha permitido buscar los principios que subyacen en las expresiones. El análisis, además de contribuir a la comprensión de las diferencias conceptuales entre el inglés y el urdu, identifica y tiene en cuenta los factores limitantes relevantes que se derivan de las diferencias tipológicas (p. ej., el uso de verbos ligeros en urdu) y las restricciones gramaticales (p. ej., la promoción de un elemento depende de su condición habilitante en urdu). El punto de convergencia siempre ha sido el carácter de fingimiento de las construcciones.
God's Sovereignty in the 1945 Constitution and Its Implementation in the Formation of Sharia Legislation
Authors: . Sodikin , Muhammad Abdul Azis
Published: May 2024

Sovereignty is a concept of supreme power in a state. God's sovereignty, which means the highest authority in a country is God. God has sovereignty over the administration of the state or government. The problem in this study is how the concept of God's sovereignty in the 1945 Constitution needs to be implemented in the lives of Indonesian Muslims in the context of the Indonesian legal state. The results of this study explain that the teaching of God's sovereignty in the 1945 Constitution is the basis for organizing national, state and social life. The teaching of God's sovereignty needs to be implemented by establishing laws and regulations that have Sharia nuances. The 1945 Constitution as a written basic law has provided direction and objectives in the formation of law in Indonesia, especially for Muslims in Indonesia. In the context of an Islamic state of law (nomocracy), the 1945 Constitution contains maqashid sharia whose aim is to form laws in accordance with the philosophical values prescribed by Allah to mankind for the benefit of the people. The direction and objectives of the law that have been determined in the 1945 Constitution will make it easier for the Indonesian Muslim community to see which laws are good to follow and which laws need to be changed. So far, there have been laws or regulations resulting from national legislation products with Islamic nuances, including regional regulations.
The Intricate Tapestry of Toraja Spirituality: An Exploration of Animism, Ancestor Veneration, and Symbolic Rituals
Authors: Girik Allo Markus Deli , Nyhof Melanie , La’biran Roni , Sudarsi Elim Trika , Taula’bi Nilma , Basongan Weldy
Published: May 2024

This study aims to explore the complex spiritual belief system and ritual practices of the Toraja people through a qualitative research design. Aligned with the study's objective of unraveling the multifaceted layers of ritual and understanding the connections between tradition and modernity, an ethnographic approach is employed. Researchers immerse themselves in the Toraja community to gain a deep understanding of cultural practices, beliefs, and values. This immersive experience involves participant observation and engagement with community members. In-depth interviews with key informants, such as elders or individuals knowledgeable about the ma’nene’ or corpse preservation tradition, provide insights into cultural nuances, symbolism, and changes over time. Audio-visual documentation, including recording rituals, interviews, and cultural events, enriches the study's depth and authenticity. Thematic analysis identifies and analyzes themes related to the ma’nene’ tradition, such as cultural preservation and the role of ritual in shaping collective identity. The discourse surrounding the ma’nene’ tradition reflects a complex spiritual belief system and ritual practices of the Toraja people, blending elements of animism, ancestor veneration, and a deep connection to the natural landscape. Specific items in offerings and their ritualistic consumption highlight the importance of symbolic actions in religious ceremonies. These findings extend beyond academic curiosity, impacting cultural appreciation, academic research, interfaith relations, and cultural heritage preservation positively. Through this comprehensive exploration, the study contributes to a deeper understanding and appreciation of Toraja spirituality and culture.
PREVALENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Poespo Koesoemo Aji Raden Panji Joy , Fabiola Kitty , Andreuy Poespo Koesoemoadi Raden Panji , Suhartatik
Published: May 2024

Background: Even in affluent nations, IDA is still a significant public health issue, particularly for young children and women who are ready to have children.
Aims: This systematic review is to review the treatment and prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in children.
Methods: This study demonstrated compliance with all requirements by means of a comparison with the standards established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020. Thus, the specialists were able to guarantee that the research was as current as feasible. Publications released between 2014 and 2024 were considered for this search strategy. This was accomplished by utilizing a number of distinct online reference sites, including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and SagePub. It was determined that reviews, previously published works, and partially completed works would not be included.
Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 353 articles, whereas the results of our search on SCIENCE DIRECT brought up 8.865 articles, our search on SAGEPUB brought up 3.269 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 184 articles for PubMed, 4.071 articles for SCIENCE DIRECT and 1.144 articles for SAGEPUB. In the end, we compiled a total of 5 papers, 3 of which came from PubMed, 1 of which came from SCIENCE DIRECT and 1 of which came from SAGEPUB. We included five research that met the criteria.
Conclusion: In summary, with its haematological repercussions of anemia, IDA is a prevalent and significant children health concern. To assess the effects of IDA on immunity and neurocognition, additional research is necessary. The key to successfully treating children with IDA is early identification and diagnosis of the condition together with competent interpretation of laboratory tests.
FACTOR ASSOCIATED OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE OF UNCERTAIN ETIOLOGY: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Natan Andreas , Alkhaliq Alvin
Published: May 2024

Background: Recent interest in chronic kidney disease of non-traditional causes, also named as chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has identified both individual and environmental/occupational risk factors.
The aim: The aim of this study to show factor associated of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology.
Methods: By the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. This search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed, SagePub, and Sciencedirect were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done.
Result: the results of our search get 91 articles, whereas the results of our search on SagePub get 1976 articles, on Sciencedirect 14.279 articles. Records remove before screening are 5676, so we get 10670 articles fos screening. We included five research that met the criteria.
Conclusion: Different multifactorial etiologies like chronic exposure to dehydration, heat stress, agrochemicals, heavy metals, intake of fructose-rich drinks, frequent use of self-prescribed non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), lower income and genetics were proposed in its development.
Role Of Cities in NCD Prevention and Management: A Qualitative Research Study among Doctors
Authors: Mahmood Humaira , Gul Sundas , Khan Ayesha , Asif Javeria , Bibi Sadia , Pervaiz Farrah , Afzal Awais , Habib Muhammad Farrukh
Published: May 2024

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases are major global health concerns, surpassing the mortality rates of communicable diseases. These conditions pose significant challenges to global development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where two-thirds of NCD-related deaths occur. In Pakistan, NCDs account for nearly 25% of all fatalities. The prevention of NCDs requires continuous lifestyle modifications, and evidence suggests that the physical environment and urban design play crucial roles in influencing health behaviors and outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to assess doctors' perspectives on the role of cities in the prevention and management of NCDs in Pakistan, and to identify barriers and enablers to the development of healthy city policies.
Methods: This descriptive exploratory study employed a qualitative approach, conducted at various private hospitals in the Twin Cities. A purposive sample of approximately 20 doctors from medical units and outpatient departments participated in focus group discussions (FGDs). Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide, and the FGDs were audio-recorded with participants' consent. Thematic analysis was performed to identify major themes and subthemes related to the role of urban environments in NCD prevention and management.
Results: Participants recognized the importance of physical activity, healthy environments, and lifestyle modifications in preventing NCDs. Key barriers to physical activity included socio-cultural norms, environmental limitations, and political/legislative challenges. Facilitators included individual willpower, health-seeking behavior, supportive policies, and perceived benefits. Poor air quality and the lack of green spaces were significant contributors to the increased prevalence of NCDs. Participants emphasized the need for government intervention to improve urban infrastructure, promote physical activity, and enhance public health initiatives.
Conclusion: Well-planned cities can significantly reduce the burden of NCDs by addressing modifiable risk factors. Governments must prioritize the development of infrastructure that promotes physical activity, improves air quality, and increases access to green spaces. Comprehensive multisectoral strategies are essential to combat the rising threat of NCDs, particularly in rapidly urbanizing areas.
Perioperative Outcomes after Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in High Risk Patients
Authors: Rehman Fazal Ur , Ali Mujahid Zulfiqar , Zafar Maheen , Ikram Madeeha , Tassadduq Aqsa , Habib Muhammad Farrukh
Published: May 2024

Background: The global population is aging, leading to an increased incidence of acute cholecystitis and associated complications in the elderly. While laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for treating acute cholecystitis, its safety and outcomes in high-risk, elderly patients with comorbidities are not well-documented.
Objective: To compare postoperative complications, hospital stay duration, and nursing care requirements between high-risk elderly patients undergoing tube cholecystostomy versus early elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.
Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi from July 2021 to January 2022. A total of 70 patients aged 40-80 years and classified as ASA 3 or 4 were included. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=35) underwent tube cholecystostomy followed by interval cholecystectomy after six weeks; Group 2 (n=35) underwent early elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 72 hours of admission. Data on hospital stay, postoperative complications, and nursing care were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Quantitative data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and qualitative data as frequency and percentage. Independent t-tests were applied, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: In Group 1, 91% of patients had a hospital stay of less than 5 days compared to 11% in Group 2 (p=0.000). Group 1 had 94% of patients nursed in the ward/HDU, while 94% of Group 2 required ICU care (p=0.000). Postoperative complications were significantly lower in Group 1, with 97% having no complications compared to 34% in Group 2 (p=0.000). Only 3% of Group 1 required multidisciplinary team management versus 66% in Group 2.
Conclusion: Tube cholecystostomy is a safer and more effective initial management strategy for high-risk elderly patients with acute cholecystitis, leading to shorter hospital stays, less intensive postoperative care, and fewer complications compared to early elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Therapeutic Transformation through Healing Environment. Evaluation of Post Surgical Facilities Optimization in Selected Tertiary Healthcare Facilities in Post Covid-19 Kpk, Pakistan
Authors: Bhatti Omer Shujat , Mujahid Saad , Hamid Shujat Ali
Published: May 2024

Background: Healing environments in post-surgical wards are crucial for patient recovery. Despite their importance, there is a lack of such environments in many hospitals in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, which affects patient outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the presence of healing environment factors in post-surgical wards of selected tertiary care hospitals in KPK, Pakistan, and to determine patient satisfaction with these factors.
Methods: The study utilized a purposive sampling technique to select 200 respondents from five tertiary care hospitals in KPK: Ayub Teaching Hospital (H1) in Abbottabad, Khyber Teaching Hospital (H2) in Peshawar, Government Lady Reading Teaching Hospital (H3) in Peshawar, Hayatabad Medical Complex (H4) in Peshawar, and Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals (H5) in Saidu Shareef. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and observational studies conducted in November and December 2022. Observational data focused on five healing environment factors: access to nature, control and choices, positive distractions, social support, and environmental stressors. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to identify the presence and impact of healing environment factors.
Results: The study revealed that social support was the only significantly present factor across all hospitals, largely due to cultural and religious practices rather than intentional design. Access to nature, control and choices, and positive distractions were notably lacking. Specifically, 60-70% of respondents reported the presence of social support, while only 20-30% indicated the presence of other healing environment factors. Environmental stressors were absent in two hospitals, indicating a variance in the quality of the healing environment across different settings.
Conclusion: The absence of key healing environment factors in post-surgical wards highlights a significant gap in hospital design, impacting patient recovery and satisfaction. Integrating healing environment principles into hospital design can enhance patient outcomes and satisfaction. Future interventions should consider these elements to create more effective and supportive healthcare environments.
Impact of Malnutrition on Survival and Treatment-Related Morbidity of Cancer in Children
Authors: Uzma Saira , Mansoor Raheela , Jamal Bakht , Khan Luqman
Published: May 2024

Background: Malnutrition is a prevalent and severe issue in pediatric oncology, affecting treatment outcomes and survival rates significantly. In developing countries, where access to comprehensive healthcare is limited, malnutrition's impact is even more profound, complicating treatment protocols and increasing morbidity and mortality rates among children with cancer.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of malnutrition on survival rates and treatment-related morbidity in pediatric cancer patients, and to assess the efficacy of nutritional interventions in improving these outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at SKMCH & RC, involving 160 newly diagnosed cancer patients aged between one and eighteen years. Patients were followed from January 2021 through March 2023. Malnutrition was assessed using WHO growth charts and defined using BMI and weight/height Z-scores. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 25, focusing on survival rates, incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN), and nutritional status changes over time. Statistical significance was set at a p-value of 0.025.
Results: At diagnosis, 42.5% (n=68) of the children were malnourished. After six months, 35% (n=56) remained malnourished, indicating some improvement. Malnourished children showed significantly lower survival rates, with those having a BMI Z-score ≤ -2 at six months post-diagnosis having a mortality rate HR of 4.05 (95% CI= 1.58-6.33, P = 0.009). Children experiencing a weight/height loss of >10% had an HR of 1.98 (95% CI= 1.23-6.91, P=0.04) for increased mortality. Increased episodes of FN were correlated with severe malnutrition (HR 7.32, 95% CI=1.98-10.14, P=0.0007).
Conclusion: Malnutrition significantly impacts the survival rates and treatment-related morbidity in pediatric cancer patients. Early and aggressive nutritional interventions can improve survival outcomes and reduce the rate of hospitalizations due to complications like febrile neutropenia.
Plus fantastique qu’un scénario de Disney : l’anthropomorphisme nuit-il aux animaux?
Authors: Sauvé Émilie-Lune
Published: May 2024

Malgré le vaste consensus scientifique sur les capacités cognitives et émotionnelles des animaux, la prise en compte de leurs intérêts fondamentaux, de leur capacité de souffrir, de leurs capacités émotionnelles et relationnelles, pourtant fondées sur la science la plus récente, est encore parfois confondue avec de la sensiblerie et de l’anthropomorphisme. Bien sûr, pour quiconque cherche à entamer une réflexion rigoureuse sur notre rapport aux animaux, la prudence est de mise.  Éviter l'anthropomorphisme, soit éviter de prêter des intentions ou des comportements humains à d’autres espèces animales, est une notion phare qui doit éclairer notre raisonnement.  Les limitations qu’imposent nos propres référents dans l’appréhension du rapport au monde des autres animaux sont évidentes dans les façons dont les protocoles scientifiques sont conçus, notamment le test du miroir (ou test de Gallup). Toutefois, plutôt que de nier leur vie subjective, une prudence renouvelée envers nos réflexes anthropocentriques devrait bénéficier aux animaux et favoriser des démarches rigoureuses et exhaustives pour comprendre leurs ressentis. Les animaux militent de façon muette pour être considérés à l’intérieur d’une société plus juste qui les inclurait aussi et prendrait leurs intérêts en compte. Quand nous envisageons ce monde, le faisons-nous avec une part d’anthropomorphisme ?  Ce terme est-il nécessairement péjoratif ?