bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doświadczenia kulturowe społeczeństwa utrwalone w związkach frazeologicznych – aspekt pedagogiczny
Authors: Kuszak Kinga
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the cultural experience preserved in language in the form of more or less popular phrasemes. The author identifies selected sources of the phrasemes and depicts their function in preserving and saving the cultural heritage of past generations. She highlights the changes taking place in the contemporary language. The author underlines the multidirectional nature of these changes: on the one hand, society preserves the linguistic heritage, while on the other hand it gives new meanings to previously known words and sayings, creates new words and phrasemes which allow a reflection on the current socio-cultural experiences of individuals and social groups. The summary indicates the educational aspect of the issue and the necessity of implementing a carefully planned native language education which will support developing the identities of individuals, social groups and society as a whole.
Miejsca pamięci w edukacji obywatelskiej
Authors: Majchrzak Kinga
Published: December 2020

The text starts with a short introduction. Then the concept of place is defined and its inherent characteristics are described: its symbolism, multi-sided nature and multidisciplinary connotations. Afterwards the principles of place-based pedagogy are presented and it’s eclectic character is pointed out. Then, attempt explain idea of the memorial sites from the standpoint of history and pedagogy. In the final part the author relates to educational potential of (national) memorial sites and takes a stance on the role of memorial sites in citizenship education.
Zarządzanie placówką oświatową – pomiędzy ideałami a rzeczywistością
Authors: Roman Pawłowski Roman Pawłowski , Wołoszyn Beata
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to present dilemmas that are experienced by directors/headmasters of educational institutions. On the one hand, they carry out tasks strictly defined by the education law documents, on the other hand, they are expected to create educational leadership. Reality shows that, what the directors would like the most is to pursue directing an education institution in the democratic style, but just as often, in fact, they represent an authoritarian management style. This stems from the multiplicity of tasks they have to perform and the external pressure of the governing authority, the pedagogical supervisory body and the influence of state policy. This situation raises concerns about the functioning of educational institutions and the final outcome of formal education: effective education for life in a democratic society.
Conservative Perceptions for a Changing Reality. A Critical Look at the Professional Development of School Principals in Israel
Authors: Nets Mali
Published: December 2020

As a part of the worldwide trend, in Israel the issues of accountability in management, the school improvement, and the learners’ achievements are topics on the public agenda. In the attempt to address these challenges, Israel implemented a reform in the professional development of the principals, which was applied to the system with the establishment of the School Leadership Institute, Avnei Rosha (2007). The theoretical model of the professional development is based on the career stages approach,1 which originated in the research studies on the career circles of teachers2 and principals. These models examined characteristics of different stages in the professional life track of the teacher3 as well as the mental aspect of the principals’ perception of management throughout the career.4 The Israeli model adopted these theories as the basis for the professional development of principals and formed a comprehensive program of learning from the stage of the entry into the role to the stage of the retirement.5 The article will propose a critical look at the professional development program of the school principals from the third year in the role and onwards, on the background of the new challenges with which the Israeli educational system copes. The article will focus on the theoretical and practical aspects of the question of the professional development of principals, will review the influences of recent reforms on the professional development of principals from the third y ear i n t he position, will p resent t he i mmanent g aps of t he I sraeli p rogram a pplied to t hese principals, and will suggest issues for future thought.
Z badań nad kulturą szkoły. W kalejdoskopie analiz i interpretacji
Authors: Nowosad Inetta
Published: December 2020

The kaleidoscope category adopted in relation to school culture is meant to emphasise the diversity in the identificationof this scientificcategory. I refer to analyses of the definitionsof the term school culture as well as to research perspectives and attempts to specify the notion. As a result, some research areas identifying school culture have been recognised and theoretical and empirical perspectives of the understanding the specificityof school culture have been scrutinised from two separate perspectives. One of them is vertical and includes the history of educational research, in which school culture emerged at the interface of other scientificdisciplines. The other one, horizontal, focuses on the contemporary meaning of research and analyses of school culture in the area of educational studies.
Dziecko z mukopolisacharydozą w przedszkolu – perspektywa terapeutów
Authors: Kamyk-Wawryszuk Agnieszka
Published: December 2020

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a rare and progressive disorder. It gradually causes the disappearance of the child’s learned skills. There are few scientificpapers concerning the rules of conduct with a child of preschool age with MPS, and therefore therapists’ work often comes down to searching for adequate methods of therapy in order to preserve the skills acquired by the pre-schooler as long as possible. The main research question was: “How does the treatment of a child with mucopolysaccharidosis at an Inclusive Preschool look like from the perspective of therapists?” Four therapists working with two boys suffering from MPS were surveyed in the study.
Społeczno-kulturowe imaginaria epidemii i ich reprezentacje – wybrane matryce teoretyczne eksploracji
Authors: Bielska Ewa
Published: December 2020

The topic of analysis are socio-cultural imaginaries of the pandemic. The assumption is that the pandemic may be characterized by reference to the imaginaries and system of knowledge related to the disease as well as is located in modern and postmodern imaginaries of risk, post-Anthropocentrism and trajectory of socio-cultural trauma creation process. The socio-cultural exemplifications of the presented thesis are transmitted by the media representations of the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper is composed of three main parts. The first one analyses the notions of an imaginary and socio-cultural trauma representation, the second part presents in the light of sociological and humanistic theories some selected exemplifications of pandemic representations and the third part is a summary.
Kształcenie na odległość a rozwój kompetencji cyfrowych uczniów i ich rodziców w świetle wyników badań – w kierunku nowej szkoły
Authors: Gop Aneta , Jaskulska Sylwia
Published: December 2020

The topic of the article is students’ and their parents’ digital competences development during the COVID- 19 outbreak in Poland and distance learning. The text show results of two longitudinal studies: a qualitative one conducted on a group of parents of school-age children (N = 89), and a quantitative one, with two research groups: parents of school-age children and students aged 15-18 (various N). Parents who were providing or supporting children’s education during distance learning experienced digital competencies development. The main change has occurred in four areas: (1) information and data exploitation, (2) communication and (less frequently) collaboration, (3) digital content creation, and (4) problem-solving. Learning supported with digital technologies in the group of students did not change significantly, the level of digital competences remained basically at the same level, which can be explained by the high initial level of expertise. The experiences of distance education and the absent areas of the development of digital competences indicate the directions that future, modern education may follow.
HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜNDE ÖDEME SİSTEMLERİ YOLUYLA YAPILAN DOLANDIRICILIK İŞLEMLERİNİN SEKTÖRE OLAN ETKİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ, DENETLENMESİ VE ÖNLENMESİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER
Authors: DEMİR Zekeriya
Published: December 2020

Havayolu sektörü hem sağladığı istihdam hem de ekonomik büyüklük ve katma değer açısından, dünya ekonomisi için büyük bir öneme sahiptir. IATA’nın verilerine göre, 2018 yılında sektörün cirosu 885 milyar ve sektördeki dolandırıcılık tutarı da yaklaşık 850 milyon Amerikan doları gibi ciddi bir tutara ulaşmıştır. Sektörde bu ciro artışına paralel olarak, kullanılan finansal enstrümanlar ve ödeme sistemleri değişmiş ve bu durum beraberinde yeni dolandırıcılık risklerini de getirmiştir. Çalışmanın odak noktası, artan bu dolandırıcılık risklerine karşı sektörde yapılan çalışmaların incelenmesi ve bu risklerin önlenmesi için öneriler getirilmesidir. Çalışma bu haliyle, havacılık sektöründeki dolandırıcılıkları inceleyen ve alınacak önlemlere yer veren ilk çalışma olup, özgünlüğü buradan kaynaklanmaktadır. Yapılan çalışma sonunda, dijital ekonomideki gelişmelere paralel olarak, satış kanallarında ve ödeme sistemlerinde ortaya çıkan gelişmelerin havayollarına büyük avantajlar sağlamakla beraber, ciddi anlamda güvenlik ve dolandırıcılık risklerini de beraberinde getirmiş olduğu ve bu riskleri önlemeye yönelik işlemlerin önemli oranda manuel olarak yürütülmekte olduğu ve eski kural setlerinin uygulandığı yönündedir.
“Bejação” : patrimônio, fé e gratidão em uma festa afrocatólica na comunidade quilombola de Jurussaca, Tracuateua-PA.
Authors: De Aviz dos Reis Maria Maria Helena
Published: December 2020

A Comunidade Quilombola de Jurussaca no município de Tracuateua/Pará, abriga todos os anos na segunda quinzena de outubro, uma diversidade de pessoas que chegam para comemorar a Festa de Todos os Santos. Junto aos santos e a policromia de fitas envoltas em seus pés, os devotos materializam a fé e a gratidão aos santos na “bejação” de suas fitas, ditas sagradas. Pela ocasião da festa, dita afrocatólica, percebe-se uma pluralidade cultural e religiosa que vai além da materialidade, é a imaterialidade do patrimônio religioso na circularidade  dos santos que “recebem” os filhos e amigos para agradecer as promessas alcançadas ou pedir proteção, entre outros apelos que se ouve em festas de catolicismo popular, espalhadas pela Amazônia.
 
Abstract: The Quilombola Community of Jurussaca in the municipality of Tracuateua/Pará, is home every year in the second half of October, a diversity of people who come to celebrate the Feast of all Saints. Together with the Saints and the polychromy of ribbons snathed on their feet, devotes materialize Faith and gratitude to saints in the “beading” of their tapes, so called sacred. On the occasion on the feast, só called Afro-Catholic, a cultural and religious plurality is perceived that goes beyond materiality, is the immateriality of religious heritage in the circularity of saints who “receive” children and friends to thank the promises achieved or ask for protection, among other appeals that aree heard t popular Catholicism festivals, spread across the Amazônia.
‘Vai aparecer no jornal!’: o papel imprensa na divulgação arqueológica no Pará
Authors: Godoy Renata De , Barroso Joyce Julie
Published: December 2020

Arqueologia é um tema de interesse da mídia por diversos motivos. Entretanto, nem sempre a exposição do assunto é adequada para fins de divulgação científica, seguindo um padrão que coloca o tema mais enquanto empecilho para obras de infraestrutura, curiosidade e até como entretenimento. Em pesquisa nos dois jornais locais de maior expressão em Belém, no Pará, no período entre 2008 e 2015, percebemos qual o lugar da arqueologia na imprensa desta metrópole amazônica. Em Belém a arqueologia está em uma miríade de lugares de turismo e lazer, característica que não se refletiu em sua divulgação nas mídias analisadas. Concluímos que a arqueologia deixa de utilizar a mídia como importante ferramenta de divulgação científica.   Abstract: Archeology is a topic of interest to the media for several reasons. However, the exposition of the subject is not always adequate for the purpose of scientific divulgation, following a pattern that places the theme more as an obstacle for infrastructure works, or as curiosity and even as entertainment. As we analyzed the two most important local newspapers in Belém, Pará, between 2008 and 2015, we could reflect upon the place of archeology in an Amazonian metropolis through its local press. In Belém, archeology is represented in all tourism and leisure spaces, a characteristic that was not reflected in the analyzed media. We conclude that archeology sub utilizes the media as an important tool for scientific dissemination.
Results of the Post-Soviet Transformation of Higher Education
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vodopianova Elena
Published: December 2020

The article uses the socio-cultural methodology and comparative studies to examine the results of the transformation of national higher school systems in the former USSR on the eve of the post-Soviet thirtieth anniversary. It is established that over the past decades of the post–Soviet transformation, the higher school of 15 States of the former USSR has gone through two main stages: the first was primarily a stage of structural changes, and the second was integration into the European higher education space. A classification of the realities of organizational orientation of higher education systems is proposed, dividing them into westernized (the Baltic countries, Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan), systems with specific educational balances (Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia), and outsider countries (Turkmenistan, Tajikistan). It is shown that during this period unique cases of transformation of national higher schools emerged. They evolved from divergence in the direction of convergence through E-education and global unification. The purpose of the study was to show that in the near future post-Soviet structures of higher education will have to respond primarily to universal post-industrial challenges based on the identification of stages of higher education evolution.
New Hydrogen Strategies of Germany and the EU and Prospects for Cooperation with Russia
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belov Vladislav
Published: December 2020

In June 2020, Germany adopted a national hydrogen strategy. A month later, when Germany assumed the EU Council presidency, the European Union Commission presented a similar document. Both strategies acknowledge the need to import hydrogen to meet the demand of the EU countries as an essential prerequisite for the transition to a climate-neutral economy. In parallel, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2035, which sets the goal of turning our country into one of the global players in the world hydrogen market. Despite Russia's obvious competitive advantages in this relatively new segment of the energy market, Berlin and Brussels do not mention it as a potential partner. The article provides an assessment of the main provisions of these strategic documents. The author explores the prospects and possibilities of Germany and the EU cooperating with the Russian Federation in the production and supply of hydrogen, analyzes the content of the position documents of the German-Russian Chamber of Commerce and the Eastern Committee of the German Economy on these issues, draws conclusions and formulates recommendations for interested parties.
Laminar Origin of Corticostriatal Projections to the Motor Putamen in the Macaque Brain
Authors: Borra Elena , Rizzo Marianna , Gerbella Marzio , Rozzi Stefano , Luppino Giuseppe
Published: December 2020

In the macaque brain, projections from distant, interconnected cortical areas converge in specific zones of the striatum. For example, specific zones of the motor putamen are targets of projections from frontal motor, inferior parietal, and ventrolateral prefrontal hand-related areas and thus are integral part of the so-called “lateral grasping network.” In the present study, we analyzed the laminar distribution of corticostriatal neurons projecting to different parts of the motor putamen. Retrograde neural tracers were injected in different parts of the putamen in 3Macaca mulatta(one male) and the laminar distribution of the labeled corticostriatal neurons was analyzed quantitatively. In frontal motor areas and frontal operculum, where most labeled cells were located, almost everywhere the proportion of corticostriatal labeled neurons in layers III and/or VI was comparable or even stronger than in layer V. Furthermore, within these regions, the laminar distribution pattern of corticostriatal labeled neurons largely varied independently from their density and from the projecting area/sector, but likely according to the target striatal zone. Accordingly, the present data show that cortical areas may project in different ways to different striatal zones, which can be targets of specific combinations of signals originating from the various cortical layers of the areas of a given network. These observations extend current models of corticostriatal interactions, suggesting more complex modes of information processing in the basal ganglia for different motor and nonmotor functions and opening new questions on the architecture of the corticostriatal circuitry.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTProjections from the ipsilateral cerebral cortex are the major source of input to the striatum. Previous studies have provided evidence for distinct zones of the putamen specified by converging projections from specific sets of interconnected cortical areas. The present study shows that the distribution of corticostriatal neurons in the various layers of the primary motor and premotor areas varies depending on the target striatal zone. Accordingly, different striatal zones collect specific combinations of signals from the various cortical layers of their input areas, possibly differing in terms of coding, timing, and direction of information flow (e.g., feed-forward, or feed-back).
Surprise: Unexpected Action Execution and Unexpected Inhibition Recruit the Same Fronto-Basal-Ganglia Network
Authors: Sebastian Alexandra , Konken Anne Maria , Schaum Michael , Lieb Klaus , Tüscher Oliver , Jung Patrick
Published: December 2020

Unexpected and thus surprising events are omnipresent and oftentimes require adaptive behavior such as unexpected inhibition or unexpected action. The current theory of unexpected events suggests that such unexpected events just like global stopping recruit a fronto-basal-ganglia network. A global suppressive effect impacting ongoing motor responses and cognition is specifically attributed to the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Previous studies either used separate tasks or presented unexpected, task-unrelated stimuli during response inhibition tasks to relate the neural signature of unexpected events to that of stopping. Here, we aimed to test these predictions using a within task design with identical stimulus material for both unexpected action and unexpected inhibition using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for the first time. To this end, 32 healthy human participants of both sexes performed a cue-informed go/nogo task comprising expected and unexpected action and inhibition trials during fMRI. Using conjunction, contrast, and Bayesian analyses, we demonstrate that unexpected action elicited by an unexpected go signal and unexpected inhibition elicited by an unexpected nogo signal recruited the same fronto-basal-ganglia network which is usually assigned to stopping. Furthermore, the stronger the unexpected action-related activity in the STN region was the more detrimental was the effect on response times. The present results thus complement earlier findings and provide direct evidence for the unified theory of unexpected events while ruling out alternative task and novelty effects.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis is the first study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test whether unexpected events regardless of whether they require unexpected action or inhibition recruit a fronto-basal-ganglia network just like stopping. In contrast to previous studies, we used identical stimulus material for both conditions within one task. This enabled us to directly test predictions of the current theory of unexpected events and, moreover, to test for condition-specific neural signatures. The present results underpin that both processes recruit the same neural network while excluding alternative task and novelty effects. The simple task design thus provides an avenue to studying surprise as a pure form of reactive inhibition in neuropsychiatric patients displaying inhibitory deficits who often have a limited testing capacity.
The International System After Trump and the Pandemic
Authors: Hicken Allen , Jones Pauline , Menon Anil
Published: December 2020

The Trump administration sought to erode confidence in the international system, which it regarded as an affront to national sovereignty. The COVID-19 pandemic, by raising collective awareness of the need for global cooperation, may help to restore that confidence and encourage renewed commitment to multilateralism. Public opinion polls show that people around the world have greater confidence in global institutions like the World Health Organization than in national leaders like Donald Trump or Xi Jinping. The United States will continue to be an indispensable partner after Trump, but the international order will rest on a stronger footing if Washington is no longer expected to be the prime mover and contributes instead as one among equals.
Actuation and dynamic mechanical characteristics of a core free flat dielectric electro-active polymer soft actuator
Authors: Wahab Abdul Malek Abdul , Rustighi Emiliano , A. Zainudin
Published: December 2020

Various complex shapes of dielectric electro-active polymer (DEAP) actuator have been promoted for several types of applications. In this study, the actuation and mechanical dynamics characteristics of a new core free flat DEAP soft actuator were investigated. This actuator was developed by Danfoss PolyPower. DC voltage of up to 2000 V was supplied for identifying the actuation characteristics of the actuator and compare with the existing formula. The operational frequency of the actuator was determined by dynamic testing. Then, the soft actuator has been modelled as a uniform bar rigidly fixed at one end and attached to mass at another end. Results from the theoretical model were compared with the experimental results. It was found that the deformation of the current actuator was quadratic proportional to the voltage supplied. It was found that experimental results and theory were not in good agreement for low and high voltage with average percentage error are 104% and 20.7%, respectively. The resonance frequency of the actuator was near 14 Hz. Mass of load added, inhomogeneity and initial tension significantly affected the resonance frequency of the soft actuator. The experimental results were consistent with the theoretical model at zero load. However, due to inhomogeneity, the frequency response function’s plot underlines a poor prediction where the theoretical calculation was far from experimental results as values of load increasing with the average percentage error 15.7%. Hence, it shows the proposed analytical procedure not suitable to provide accurate natural frequency for the DEAP soft actuator.
Plastic anisotropic and damage evolution analysis of recycled aluminium alloy AA6061 at high rate of strain
Authors: Ho C. S. , Mohd Nor M. K. , Ab Rani M. A. , Ma'at N. , Hameed Sultan M. T. , Lajis M. A.
Published: December 2020

Aluminium alloys have been widely used in many applications, and its usage is increasing yearly due to its distinctive properties. Nevertheless, it required high energy consumption and pollution during the production of primary sources. This leads to the attention in producing secondary sources to substitute the primary aluminium. Recycling of aluminium alloys adopted in automotive structures is a great option to save thousands of energy and prevent tons of CO2 from being released to the atmosphere. Numerous investigations must be conducted to establish the mechanical behaviour before the specific applications can be identified. However, there is a challenge for such recycled aluminium to achieve the same application as the primary sources due to material properties degradation related to damage. It is still an open study area to be explored for a better understanding of the behaviours of recycled aluminium. Thus, in this work, the Taylor Cylinder Impact test is used to investigate anisotropic-damage behaviour of recycled aluminium alloy AA6061 undergoing high-velocity impact from 190m/s to 300 m/s using two length-to-diameter (L/D) ratios. The recovered samples are observed under an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A strong strain rate dependency can be seen as the damage evolution is increasing as the impact velocity increase. Further, the corresponding digitized footprints analysis exhibit plastic anisotropic and localized plastic strain in such recycled material. This can be clearly observed from the development of a non-symmetrical footprint within the impact surface. This test is the first to explore the deformation behaviour of recycled materials using high-velocity cylinder impact in a high rate of strain deformation regime.
A perspective review: Technical study of combining phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics for blood flow on carotid bifurcation artery
Authors: Mohd Adib Mohd Azrul Hisham , Sheh Hong Lim , Abdullah Mohd Shafie , Hassan Radhiana , Wada Shigeo
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, the knowledge of precise blood flow patterns in human blood vessels, especially focusing on Carotid Bifurcations Artery (CBA) area by using computational and modern techniques are very important to develop our understanding regarding to human diseases for both essential research and clinical treatment. This paper tends to discuss the progress regarding to the integration between Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PC-MRI) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), specifically to the human diseases. We technically define the model geometry reconstruction, review both PC-MRI and CFD methods to create mesh models, obtain boundary conditions, define the governing equations in CFD, define the material properties, and assumptions used in running the CFD simulations. Detailed information on PC-MRI and CFD is provided in tables, such as the MRI setup, software used, CFD model setup, measurement parameter, and summary of the result contribution from each reviewed article. Numerous fusions between PC-MRI and CFD are specified by summarizing the investigation carried out by significant group’s research, reviewing the important outcomes, and discussing the techniques, drawbacks and possibilities for further study. We hope that this perspective analysis will encourage a fusion of PC-MRI and CFD research contributing to continuous advancement of human health with close cooperation and collaboration among clinicians and engineers.
Boundedness of the Hilbert transform on Besov spaces
Authors: Maatoug A. , Allaoui S.E.
Published: December 2020

The Hilbert transform along curves is of a great importance in harmonic analysis. It is known that its boundedness on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ has been extensively studied by various authors in different contexts and the authors gave positive results for some or all $p,1
0$ (i.e. $B^{s}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^n) \hookrightarrow L^p(\mathbb{R}^n), s>0)$. Thus, our result may be viewed as an extension of known results to the Besov spaces $ B^{s}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for general values of $s$ in $\mathbb{R}$.
WEB OF SCIENCE JOURNAL EVALUATION PROCESS: EVOLUTION OF CRITERIA
Authors:   Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the NAS of Ukraine, Tykhonkova I.O.
Published: December 2020

The Web of Science Core Collection is a highly selective, abstract-indexed scientometric database, which currently includes more than 21 thousand scientific journals of all specialties published in 110 countries. The database contains three specialized indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Art and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) and a multidisciplinary Emerging Source Citation Index (ESCI). Today there are 15 Ukrainian journals included in the SCIE and 68 in the ESCI. Unfortunately, since 2015, no Ukrainian journals have moved from ESCI to specialized indexes; moreover, several Ukrainian journals were excluded for publishing ethics violations. In 2019, the criteria of journal evaluation were updated/clarified. Today there are 28 criteria; 24 of them (quality criteria) are a prerequisite for inclusion into the ESCI. Journals applying to specialized indexes are evaluated according to four additional criteria of influence. The evaluation is carried out by the Clarivate Editorial Board consisting of company employees, who, in addition to professional skills, do not have any conflicts of interest. To initiate the journal evaluation process, the publisher fills out an online form and continues to publish the journal in a timely manner. Evaluation and subsequent indexing of the journal in the Web of Science Core Collection is a free procedure and the criteria are presented in the article.
Tools Of Causal Inference: Review and Prospects
Authors:   Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Bespala Olha M.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The need to establish causality covers a fairly wide range of different industries with different specifics and approaches. Therefore, it becomes necessary to apply various methods to solve the assigned tasks (in the context of causality), which is accompanied by the choice of a wide range of tools, depending on the task at hand. Purpose. The purpose of this work is a brief overview and analysis of modern methods, algorithms and technologies for detecting causation and the range of tasks in which the use of the appropriate tools takes place. Methods. Starting from the gold standards of causal identification and to more accurate, but limited by the range of conditions, algorithms, the current state, advantages and disadvantages of the use of tools are described. Result. The analysis of the current state of existing methods, algorithms and technologies for establishing causality is carried out, the prospects for further development and improvement of tools for causal detection are examined. Conclusions. At the moment there is a large list of known methods, algorithms and technologies, there is a number of problems in which there is a need for more accurate detection of causality. The paper shows that most of the tools for establishing causality give good results for acyclic structures, at the same time, they can give false positive conclusions for cyclic structures. Well-known world scientific institutions and leading corporations of computer technology are fruitfully engaged in the development and implementation of more and more perfect tools for establishing causality in order to develop automated software projects close to human thinking.
COMMISSIONING OF THE RT-32 RADIO TELESCOPE: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR DOMESTIC RADIO ASTRONOMY AND SPACE NAVIGATION Transcript of scientific report at the meeting of the Presidium of NAS of Ukraine, November 27, 2020
Authors:   Institute of Radio Astronomy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Zakharenko Vyacheslav V.
Published: December 2020

In November 2020, the main work on the commissioning of the centimeter range radio telescope RT-32, equipped with highly sensitive receiving equipment, which allows simultaneous observation in the range of 6; 3 and 1.35 cm, was completed. This opens wide opportunities for international scientific cooperation in the field of radio astronomy and the return of Ukraine to the world's largest radio interferometric network with ultra-long bases, the European VLBI Network.
Construcción del modelo de juego en balonmano
Authors: Mendes José Carlos , Greco Pablo Juan , Ibáñez Sergio José , Nascimento Juarez Vieira
Published: December 2020

La construcción del modelo de juego en balonmano es una tarea muy compleja, debido a la multiplicidad de acciones en las fases de ataque y defensa y los distintos comportamientos tácticos individuales, grupales y colectivos, estructurados adecuadamente, para resolver las situaciones momentáneas del juego. Así, teniendo en cuenta que el entrenador es el responsable de este proceso, este ensayo teórico tiene como objetivo discutir el papel del entrenador en la construcción de un modelo de juego e indicar contenidos para el proceso de entrenamiento capaces de promover la autonomía y la creatividad de los jugadores en la toma de decisiones. La dinámica actual del balonmano de élite exige de los entrenadores un alto nivel de conocimiento profesional, interpersonal e intrapersonal, para una estructuración, con criterio, de las tareas de entrenamiento, con situaciones problemáticas muy similares al juego y que permiten un entrenamiento más autónomo de los jugadores. En este contexto, las tareas de entrenamiento para la fase defensiva se deben desarrollar con altas demandas de comportamientos que anticipen las acciones de los atacantes y con mayor profundidad; mientras que, en la fase ofensiva, deben exigir a los jugadores un papel diversificado y variado de conducta táctica/técnica, individual/grupal/colectiva, en situaciones extremas de presión y con altos niveles de eficiencia y efectividad. Los entrenadores deben seleccionar, organizar y coordinar todas estas acciones como una unidad para un uso racional y oportuno, mediado por los principios rectores de los jugadores y el equipo, dándole una identidad en el juego para su equipo.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Improve Self-Esteem of Schizophrenics
Authors: Anwar Zainul , Sa’adah Diana Zumrotus
Published: December 2020

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that is characterized by major disturbances in terms of thoughts, emotions, and behavior. The employed assessment methods consist of interviews, observation, psychological tests, and documentation. The subjects were schizophrenics with low self-esteem problems. The treatment strategy through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was aimed to change negative thoughts and maladaptive behavior to increase self-esteem. The result was a change in the form of thoughts or beliefs that everyone had weaknesses and strengths, including themselves, and an increase in self-esteem scores.

Keywords: Schizophrenia, self-esteem, cognitive behavioral therapy
Cellmates versus family – the sense of belonging among tattooed prisoners
Authors:   Department of Personality Psychology and Forensic Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland, Lammek Mateusz Jan
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The sense of belonging in a group can be a form of adaptation to the conditions of prison isolation. However, excessive group identification could result in negative consequences for the identity of an individual. The sense of support in social relations is a significant personal resource of convicts. The social identity of convicted persons influences their behaviour, and thus the effect of penitentiary interactions. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the sense of belonging in a group among convicts with body modifications. Methods: The research was conducted in penitentiary units at the District Inspectorate of the Prison Service in Gdańsk (Poland). Fifty-eight re-sentenced convicts participated in the study (36.2% did not have body modifications, and 63.8% had tattoo/tattoos). The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 62 years (M = 35.12; standard deviation, SD = 10.98). The participants completed the Group Identification Scale (Mael and Ashforth, 1992), the Identity Fusion Scale (Gómez et al., 2011) and the measure of identity fusion (Swann et al., 2009). Results: The study showed that convicts declare a very weak sense of belonging with their cellmates (55.2%) and a very strong sense of belonging with their family (44.8%). A relationship was observed between younger age and identity fusion; however, it was on the border of a significant statistical trend. Conclusions: Interpersonal relationships used as a personal resource in the social rehabilitation process can be extremely important for the probability of recidivism in the future. Especially, non-standard methods may allow convicts to test themselves in a new role. The self-concept should not be formatted through the prism of social stereotypes of prisoners, but with the simultaneous support of the family, which may strengthen socially acceptable behaviours.
Suicide and mental health problems in men in Poland
Authors:   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Kielan Aleksandra ,   Polish Suicidological Society, Warsaw, Poland, Stradomska Marlena ,   Polish Suicidological Society, Warsaw, Poland,   Institute of Psychology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland, Jawoski Mariusz ,   Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Mosiołek Anna ,   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Pruszków, Poland, Chodkiewicz Jan ,   Department of Psychoprophylaxis and Addiction Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland, Święcicki Łukasz ,   2nd Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland, Walewska-Zielecka Bożena ,   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Published: December 2020

Background: Women in Poland suffer from mental disorders more often than men (except for addictions). However, men are about six times more likely to commit suicide than women. What could be the cause of this situation? The aim of the article was to analyse the potential correlation between mental health and suicide in men. Materials and methods: The review was based on the available scientific literature on male depression and suicide. We searched Pubmed, Scopus and Google Schoolar (from 1.11.2019 to 31.01.2020). Results: Polish statistics may differ from others due to the fact that current diagnostic criteria often fail to take into consideration the typical symptoms of mental disorders in men. Male suicide attempts are more commonly lethal. Men are also more likely to try to deal with mental problems on their own, often using alcohol, which, in many cases, leads to suicidal behaviour and addictions. This disparity between the numbers of suicides among men and women in recent years indicates an urgent need to promote mental health among men. Conclusions: Polish health policies should focus more on the mental health of men. It is very important to develop standards of promoting male mental health, which would meet the specific health needs of this group. It is necessary to provide physicians with new diagnostic tools which will allow for better identification of typical male symptoms of mental disorders.
Leucopenia during paliperidone treatment in a patient with schizoaffective disorder – a case study
Authors:   Clinic of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital Carl Thiem Klinikum in Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany, Janota Bertrand , Michalska Paulina ,   Department of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland, Szymanik-Kostrzewska Anna ,   Department of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland, Janota Katarzyna ,   Endocrinology and Diabetology Practice, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Str.15, 03044 Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany
Published: December 2020

The case study presents a 51-year-old woman diagnosed with a schizoaffective disorder who was initially treated with risperidone. After 7 days of hospitalisation, the patient was discharged at her own request. On the same day, after a few hours, she returned to the emergency room, reporting severe anxiety and auditory hallucinations. Risperidone was replaced by paliperidone. During the treatment, a decrease in leucocyte count after paliperidone administration was observed. During further hospital stay, the treatment was switched to olanzapine in depot form. Correct symptomatic response to the drug used was observed. The leucocyte counts were gradually compensated, which confirms the drug-related cause of previously observed complete blood count abnormalities. The case indicates the possibility of side effects in the treatment with certain drugs, and underlines the impact of the dosage form of the drug being taken on the patient’s quality of life.
The Good of Play in John Finnis’s «Natural Law and Natural Rights»
Authors: Tollefsen Christopher
Published: December 2020

Despite the scrutiny that has been given to John Finnis’s masterwork, Natural Law and Natural Rights, relatively little attention has been given to a feature of that work that plays a recurring role, namely, the place of the basic human good of play in the book. In addition to a number of passing references, that good is discussed in an extended way on three occasions. The first is when the good of play is introduced, as part of Finnis’s taxonomy of basic human goods; the second is in his discussion of Aristotle’s understanding of friendship, when Finnis reframes Aristotle’s friendship of pleasure as instead friendship of play; and then finally, in Finnis’s concluding chapter, with its discussion of the «further point» of morality, where Finnis, following Plato, describes the point of morality as participation in a divine play. Play’s presence at the end of Natural Law and Natural Rights, indeed, in one of the culminating passages of the book, suggests that this good should be paid more attention than has been given to it. After a review of Finnis’s various discussions of play, I argue that Finnis’s account provides resources for answering Thomas Nagel’s skeptical doubts about life’s meaning; and for furthering Finnis’s own claims about the authority of law.
Social-Ecological Responsibility of Business: Essence, Factors of Formation, Manifestation Characteristics
Authors:   Branch of Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, Matova Natalya , Mishulina Svetlana ,   Sochi Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science
Published: December 2020

As a result of studying the nature of socio environmental responsibility of business (SER) and associated concepts, the transformation of its content with the experience gained and also with the evolution of society and its expectations during the investigation of different SER levels being formed successively and urgent at the given moment, it is stated that business responsibility falls outside the scope of duties set by society and formalized minimum requirements, it voluntarily (to some extent) accepts rather high obligations in order to cut negative impacts of the decisions and actions on nature and as a result on society. These motives are not in conflict with the main business function – profit maximization because it is defined by necessary strategic vision of risks resulted from business activity and from the transformation of social goals and values as well as of the development of the environment for sustainable functioning and stable profit in future (“reasonable selfishness” concept). The classification and grouping of Russian business entities based on the motive of social responsibility are suggested. Institutional, economic and organizational factors as well as conditions for SER of business growth are defined and the instruments of state and public effect on business SER development processes are defined.
Financial Support for Green Economy Projects in Russia Based on the Principles of Sustainable Development
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Anikin Andrey
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of the analysis of the Russian eco-finance system: fundamental strategies, key regulatory documents, measures and tools. The analysis was based on the methodology of sustainable development and consideration of ESG factors. We found that the formation of the institutional framework of ecofinance and the development of advanced measures of support and stimulation of projects of green economy takes into account methodological principles for sustainable development: integrating anthropogenic impacts on natural areas; balanced decision-making on establishing regulatory requirements in the field of environmental safety, responsibility for negative impact on the environment; priority of national interests in the development of measures. The analysis showed that there is an established system of measures to support and stimulate eco-projects, both administrative and financial, direct and indirect, incentives and sanctions. The system is evolving and being modernized: measures have been developed and implemented to support issuers of securities whose target orientation (securities) is related to investing in eco-projects, and a draft article “Environmental tax” has been developed and is being discussed. The features of the Russian system of support and stimulation of environmental projects are its “youth”, being at the stage of formation, and the “lack of configuration” of economic mechanisms, which makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of the measures taken. When evaluating environmental projects and the effectiveness of support measures, it is advisable to take into account the principles of sustainable economy, as well as the relationship and mutual influence of ESG factors.
Ingermanland Experiment: On the Background of the Government Reform of Peter the Great
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Redin Dmitry A.
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the study of the formation of a management system in Ingermanland Province (the predecessor of St Petersburg Province) during the first years of its existence (1702–1708). The creation of the province was the first step towards a radical reform of the administrative and territorial division and local government of Russia. The author studies the process of creating key positions of the provincial apparatus of the upper and lower levels, primarily the provincial ober-commandant and landrichter and ober-commandant and commandant as heads of intra-regional territorial units, officials with highly specialised functions (commissars and food-masters (proviantmeistery). Considering the historical perspective, the author examines the principles of their interaction, the hierarchy, and terms of reference, concluding that the decisive influence on the formation of the state apparatus of Ingermanland Province was not provided by borrowing foreign (Baltic-German and Swedish) experience, but the specifics of solving current problems. The author considers the emerging principle of specialisation at the local state government level, primarily in the military and fiscal spheres, to be the main characteristic that distinguished the Ingermanland model from the previous voivodship administration. In the management methods as such, a significant role was played by traditional administrative principles and the regime of “manual control”, the adoption of situational decisions. All the advantages and disadvantages of the Ingermanland experiment were projected onto the state as a whole and consolidated during the provincial reform. Thus, the immediate source of the latter should be considered not the evolution of the system of enlarged districts (razryad) of the late seventeenth century, and not a generalisation of the experience of administering the Swedish Ostsee, but the achievements accumulated over several years of the functioning of Ingermanland Province.