bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive observer design for a class of nonlinear fractional-order Lipschitz systems with unknown time-varying parameters
Authors: Hadji Mohsen Mohamed , Ladaci Samir
Published: February 2025

The confluence of nonlinearity, unavailable states, and unknown time-varying parameters poses profound estimation challenges in fractional-order dynamical systems. This paper presents a novel adaptive observer design for nonlinear fractional-order Lipschitz systems with unknown, slowly time-varying parameters. Drawing on recent advancements in fractional-order calculus, a rigorous stability analysis is conducted, deriving the updating law and formulating the observer’s viability and stability conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and linear matrix equalities (LMEs). The proposed observer ensures the stability of both state observation and parameter estimation errors, along with the asymptotic convergence of the observation error norm square mean value to zero. Empirical results from a case study on a fractional-order financial system validate the efficacy of the proposed observer, thereby advancing the field of states and parameters estimation theory for non-integer order nonlinear systems.
Doping Ag Terhadap Sintesis Nanopartikel ZnO Menggunakan Metode Sol-Gel Untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Sel Surya
Authors: Putra A.A. Made Wisnu Wijaya , Giriantari I.A.D. , Setiawan I.N.
Published: February 2025

Ketersediaan energi semakin menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya permintaan energi, sehingga diperlukan sumber energi terbarukan yang bersahabat dengan lingkungan dan mudah diakses. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) adalah salah satu teknologi ramah lingkungan yang dapat diandalkan untuk mengonversi energi matahari menjadi energi listrik. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis nanopartikel ZnO dengan penambahan doping Ag menggunakan metode sol-gel. Proses sintesis dilakukan dengan kalsinasi pada suhu 600° C selama 3 jam dan sintering pada suhu 850º C selama 10 jam.  Hasil sintesis yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Karakterisasi dari X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan adanya penurunan nilai fraksi volume karena penambahan doping Ag, dimana fraksi volume yang diperoleh yaitu 71,9 %. Ukuran partikel yang diperoleh 576,2 nm. Penambahan doping Ag tidak terlalu mempengaruhi parameter kisi sampel, karena besar nilainya  hampir sama yaitu a = 3,234083 Å, b = 3.234083 Å, c = 5.194726 Å. Analisis hasil karakterisasi Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), ukuran partikel rata-rata yang didapat adalah 1706,55254 nm. Pengukuran arus dan voltase dari DSSC dengan semikonduktor ZnO menunjukkan arus sebesar 14 mA dan voltase yang dihasilkan yaitu 0,22 V. Dari data tersebut didapat efisiensi DSSC dengan semikonsuktor ZnO sebesar 0,29 %.
Gambaran Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Andalas selama Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Muttaqien Muhamad Imamhamda , Yulistini Y , Afriani Nita
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19  telah merubah cara pembelajaran di semua perguruan tinggi,  termasuk pendidikan kedokteran, yakni dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran motivasi belajar mahasiswa tahap sarjana di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas selama pandemi COVID-19.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional study. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik simple random sampling, didapatkan sampel sebanyak 309 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa angkatan 2017, 2018, dan 2019. Motivasi belajar diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Hasil pengukuran disajikan dengan skala kategorik, yaitu motivasi tinggi, sedang, dan rendah.
Hasil: Analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa 79% mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Andalas memiliki tingkat motivasi belajar tinggi dan tidak ditemukan mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat motivasi belajar rendah. Angkatan 2019 memiliki tingkat motivasi belajar tertinggi pada saat pandemi, yaitu sebesar 88,9% diantara angkatan mahasiswa aktif lainnya.
Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Andalas memiliki tingkat motivasi belajar sedang dan tinggi selama pandemi COVID-19, serta mahasiswa angkatan 2019 memiliki tingkat motivasi tinggi terbesar, yakni sebesar 88,9%.
Hubungan Gangguan Mental Emosional dengan Kualitas Hidup Caregiver Pasien Skizofrenia
Authors: Seftyarni Moudy Annisa , Liza Rini Gusya , Burhan Ida Rahmah
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Skizofrenia merupakan gangguan jiwa berat yang membutuhkan bantuan caregiver. Caregiver pasien skizofrenia di Indonesia rata-rata adalah keluarga pasien tersebut sehingga berisiko mengalami gangguan mental emosional akibat beban perawatan dan beban emosional yang harus dipikul. Gangguan mental emosional dapat menyebabkan terganggunya kualitas hidup seseorang.
Objektif: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan gangguan mental emosional dengan kualitas hidup caregiver pasien skizofrenia.
Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2022 – November 2022. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh caregiver pasien skizofrenia di RSJ Prof. Dr. HB Saanin Padang dengan total sampel sebanyak 160 responden yang dipilih dengan teknik consecutive sampling.
Hasil: 50,6% caregiver mengalami gangguan mental emosional dan 45,9% caregiver berada pada tingkat kualitas hidup sedang. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara gangguan mental emosional dengan kualitas hidup (p-value <0,001) pada nilai signifikansi 0,05.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara gangguan mental emosional dengan kualitas hidup caregiver pasien skizofrenia.
Kata kunci:  gangguan mental emosional, kualitas hidup, caregiver, skizofrenia
Residence Inequality of Maternal Health Service Utilization among Women in Somaliland: An Analysis from the Somaliland Demographic Health Survey in 2020
Authors: Nuh Abdilaahi Yusuf
Published: February 2025

This study examines the factors influencing maternal health service utilization in Somaliland, where there is significant disparity in access based on place of residence. Previous studies indicate that women from higher-income households are more likely to use maternal health services. Using data from the 2020 Somaliland Demographic Health Survey (SLDHS), which included a weighted sample of 2,991 women of reproductive age from all six regions of Somaliland, the study investigates maternal health service utilization patterns. The results show that the majority of participants were aged 25-29 years, with a high percentage being married (94%) and having primary education (80.9%). A substantial portion of women lived in nomadic (38.1%) or rural (34.4%) areas, with 37.6% from the lowest wealth category. Among the women surveyed, 28.9% received antenatal care (ANC), 4.5% received postnatal care (PNC), and 76.8% delivered at home. Urban women had the highest utilization rates for ANC (48.15%), delivery (55.7%), and PNC (57.46%), while nomadic women had the lowest rates (ANC 13.39%, delivery 9.02%, PNC 11.94%). These results highlight significant geographical disparities in access to maternal health services, with urban women benefiting from considerably higher utilization rates. To address these inequities, it is recommended that policymakers implement targeted health programs for rural and nomadic populations, such as mobile health clinics and improved healthcare infrastructure.
A genomic perspective of benign hematological disorders in the era of next-generation sequencing
Authors: Jajodia Ekta , Jitani Ankit
Published: February 2025

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the diagnostic approach to hematological disorders, enabling precise identification of genetic alterations that underlie both benign and malignant conditions. By detecting single-nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions, structural rearrangements, and copy number changes, NGS provides unparalleled diagnostic accuracy. This technology encompasses various techniques, including targeted sequencing, whole exome sequencing (WES), whole genome sequencing (WGS), and transcriptome analysis, each suited to specific clinical applications. Targeted NGS focuses on clinically relevant genes, offering a cost-effective approach for diseases with established genetic bases, while WES and WGS allow for broader analyses to uncover novel mutations in cases of uncertain genetic etiology. NGS surpasses single-gene testing by addressing the lack of specificity in clinical and laboratory features, facilitating the analysis of multiple candidate genes simultaneously. Studies highlight that relying solely on phenotype and traditional methods can result in misdiagnoses in 10–40% of cases, leading to inadequate treatment and increased patient burden. NGS mitigates these risks by providing a comprehensive and efficient diagnostic strategy. Despite its advantages, NGS interpretation poses challenges, particularly in classifying variants according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Variants are categorized into five classes, ranging from pathogenic to benign, with many novel variants remaining of uncertain significance. Advanced tools and population databases, such as SIFT, PolyPhen-2, and ExAC, aid in variant assessment. This review underscores the transformative role of NGS in diagnosing inherited benign hematological disorders. By improving diagnostic precision, understanding disease mechanisms, and enabling genetic counseling, NGS fosters the advancement of personalized medicine. Its integration into routine diagnostics enhances cost-effectiveness and expands the potential for updating targeted panels as new genes are discovered, solidifying its pivotal role in modern healthcare.
Central retinal artery occlusion in a young adult with sickle cell disease
Authors: Surit Richa , Tiga Anima , Minz Aruna Mukti
Published: February 2025

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive disease. Clinical presentation depends on mutation of hemoglobin protein. The complication due to SCD is variable, as it affects vascular bed of different organs due to accumulation of sickle hemoglobin in arteries. This vaso-occlusive event may affect vascular bed in the eye, causes sickle cell retinopathy. A 22-year-old female, known case of sickle cell anemia, presented with a sudden loss of vision in her left eye 2 days back with generalized myalgia for 5 days. The ocular examination revealed acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). She underwent laboratory and radiological investigations. The blood investigations revealed normal biochemical parameters and normal coagulation profile. On ocular examination, the fundus fluorescein angiography revealed CRAO along with central serous retinopathy. This report advocates that the disease may result in life affecting complication like vision loss due to CRAO. This case indicates that only prompt management toward such cases will be beneficial for such patients. We need a proper approach for the management of SCD patients.
Rare cytogenetic subtype in a case of Ewing sarcoma with diagnostic dilemma: A case report
Authors: Pawar Ravikiran Narayansing , Ray Debadrita , Sancheti Sankalp , Somal Puneet Kaur , Nishith Nilay , Prasad Pooja , Gulia Ashish
Published: February 2025

Ewing sarcoma is aggressive tumor with round cell morphology and very common in <15 years of age and young adults. Overall, incidence ranges from 10 to 15% of all the bone sarcomas. Ewing sarcoma most commonly affects lower extremity especially femur and other sites includes pelvis, upper extremity, and axial skeleton and ribs. The tumor cells are round blue cells on routine microscopy and the close differential includes other soft-tissue tumors such as primitive neuroectodermal tumor and neuroepithelioma. In addition to histology, the ancillary tests such as immunohistochemistry and cytogenetics studies are important for confirm diagnosis. Ewing sarcoma characteristically shows involvement of EWS gene located on chromosome 22q12. The most frequent translocation is EWS::FLI1 [t(11;22)(q24;q12) which appears approximately 85% of the cases followed by rare subtypes. Here, we report a case of young male who presented with fever, low backache, and weakness in lower limbs since 20 days. On CBC profile was normal and no significant past history; radiologically, there was mild-to-moderate compression fracture of L4 vertebral body with associated mild-to-moderate retropulsion of the posterior portion directly indenting and compressing the descending intrathecal nerve roots on both sides with small to moderate sized adjacent soft-tissue component. Diffuse alteration of marrow signal intensity involving cervical, dorsal, lumbar, and sacral vertebral bodies s/o? leukemia/lymphoma. Bone marrow and trephine biopsy suggested non hematopoietic malignancy. Cytogenetics studies showed aneuploidy (48,XY,+4,+8,t[9;22;21]); on that basis considered myeloid neoplasm with BCR:: ABL1 fusion. Which further on fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) considered negative. The final diagnosis was favored Ewing’ sarcoma based on the immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic translocation of chromosome 21 and 22. We report this case to highlight the importance of FISH as well as conventional karyotype for the additional chromosomal abnormalities in the Ewing’ sarcoma which, in isolation, leads to diagnostic dilemma.
Mohammed. Prophetie und prophetisches Handeln im Unterricht
Authors: Twardella Johannes
Published: February 2025

Präsentiert wird eine Fallstudie, die sich auf das Transkript einer Unterrichtsstunde stützt, die im Fach Ethik in der Jahrgangsstufe 8 stattgefunden hat. Das Thema der Stunde ist ein in mehrfacher Hinsicht schwieriges: der Prophet Mohammed. Die Fallstudie, die nur mit einigen wenigen Sequenzen aus dem Transkript arbeitet und mit Hilfe der Methode der Objektiven Hermeneutik durchgeführt wird, erfolgt vor dem Hintergrund einer handlungstheoretischen Differenzierung zwischen dem pädagogischen und dem prophetischen Handeln. Dies erweist sich insofern als sinnvoll, da auf diese Weise nicht nur deutlich wird, wie sich die Lehrkraft – deren Handeln im Zentrum der Analyse steht – in die Problematik des Verstehens des Fremdens verstrickt, sondern auch sich mit ihrem Lehrervortrag strukturell dem Handeln eines Propheten annähert. Wie ein Prophet gerät sie so in ein Glaubwürdigkeitsproblem, das sie sodann mit Hilfe von Schülern, von denen sie annimmt, dass sie muslimisch sind, zu lösen versucht.
Beyond Structural Pores: Transient Permeabilization of Lipid Membranes by Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Rosenov Koynarev Vladimir , Leal Nader Manuela , Almåsvold Borgos Kari Kristine , Muselli Cezar Henrique , Porcar Lionel , Narayanan Theyencheri , Cascella Michele , Lund Reidar
Published: February 2025

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are highly effective broad-spectrum antibiotics, found as components of the immune system in almost all forms of life. It is well established that their primary target is the cell membrane where they are hypothesized to permeabilize the bilayer. However, it is a long-standing question whether stable transmembrane and structural pores are necessary, or if the peptides permeabilize the membrane through transient channels. Here this question is addressed with simultaneous characterization of the membrane structure, peptide partitioning, and ion transport in real time, using timeresolved small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (TR-SAXS and TR-SANS). These experiments reveal that even unstructured and non-penetrating AMPs can rapidly permeabilize the membrane, with complete ion equilibration occurring in only a few tens of milliseconds. Fully-atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that the peripherally bound peptides disrupt the lipid packing and cause an increased flip-flop rate which results in transient aqueous pores. A diffusion model based on these transient pores is developed and fitted to the experimentally measured kinetics, showing excellent correlation between experiment and theory. This label-free approach, with millisecond time resolution, demonstrates that structural pores are not required and represents a significant step toward illuminating the much-debated molecular mechanisms of AMPs.
Perceptions of secondary students on online learning during covid-19: A qualitative study
Authors: Samiya Sarwat , Ramakrishna Biswal
Published: February 2025

The pandemic has impacted every sector of society, including education. The effects of the pandemic were harsh on the lower socioeconomic class, as they did not have access to private tutors or online learning resources during the lockdown period. While upper-middle-class and lower-middle-class families managed to use online learning resources, the education of children from the lower socioeconomic class suffered. To better understand the impact on these students, a qualitative study was conducted in India, using semi-structured interviews to gather data from 25 students in grades 9-12. The study revealed three themes: the impact of online learning on students' mental health and education, barriers to online learning, and preferred modes of learning. Due to the limited availability of online learning resources, students were unable to cope with their studies, which adversely impacted their mental health. To ensure that underprivileged children are included in future lockdowns or similar situations, authorities should provide financial assistance and smart devices for their education.
Efektivitas Project Based Learning dalam Kurikulum Merdeka terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Karangdadap
Authors: A’izah Dewi Lailatul , Dewi Heni Lilia
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze whether the application of the Project Based Learning model in the Independent Curriculum is effective on the mathematical critical thinking ability of SMP Negeri 1 Karangdadap students.  This type of research is Equivalent Control Group Design. The data collection techniques are tests, observations, and documents. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used are early stage data analysis including normality test, homogeneity test and mean equation test, final stage data analysis includes normality test, homogeneity test, mean difference test (t-test), and N-Gain test. Based on the results of the assessment of teacher activities (researchers) got a score of 53 with a percentage of 83.3%, including the very good criteria. Posttest data stated that the average score of the experimental class) was 86.6 (high category). Meanwhile, the results of the N-Gain test show that the experimental class has an average N-Gain score of 0.765 (high category) and a N-Gain Percent of 76.5% (very effective). These results show that Project Based Learning is effective on students' mathematical critical thinking skills.
The Existence of Cash Waqf in Indonesia as a Bride to Prosperity
Authors: Nur Fadlilah Khafidha , Helena Angel Likha  , Yuniar Tri Wulandari  , Rinda Asytuti
Published: February 2025

This research aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the existence and role of cash waqf in Indonesia as a bridge to community welfare. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative or data-based research, data collection techniques are carried out by looking for data sources such as journals, opinions, news articles, and waqf tables in Indonesia from the Indonesian Waqf Institution. The results of this research are that cash waqf is a solution to the problem of social inequality, and can have the potential for community welfare. Cash waqf opens space for someone who wants to give waqf without waiting to become a landlord. This research implies that the existence of cash waqf is a bridge to community welfare because of the benefits that can be felt by the public.
Setting the task of determining the relationship between factors according to the degree of their influence on the overall technical development of landscaping and greening of complex development areas
Authors: Davydkin Pavel , Oleynik Pavel
Published: February 2025

The article considers the problem of determining the relationship between factors influencing the improvement and landscaping of complex development areas. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to develop the necessary social infrastructure, design and placement of small architectural forms, taking into account the requirements of urban development and the opinions of residents. In order for this process to be carried out competently and in a timely manner, it is necessary to characterize the factors influencing the organizational and technological solutions for the improvement and landscaping of complex development areas. The authors propose to use an integrated approach that takes into account all aspects of the problem and allows identifying the most significant factors. This, in turn, will allow developing effective strategies and programs for the improvement and landscaping of areas that will contribute to the creation of a comfortable and attractive urban environment.
UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF HYPERINFLATION IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
Authors: Biradar Shravanakumari S
Published: February 2025

Understanding the dynamics of hyperinflation in developing economies requires a comprehensive analysis of the complex interplay of economic, political, and social factors that contribute to its emergence and escalation. Hyperinflation occurs when a country's inflation rate reaches exceptionally high levels, often driven by unsustainable government debt, currency devaluation, and loss of public confidence in the monetary system. In developing economies, where institutions may be weak and governance structures vulnerable, the likelihood of hyperinflation is amplified. One key factor contributing to hyperinflation in developing countries is excessive government borrowing, often to finance large deficits or respond to political crises. This borrowing is frequently monetized by printing more money, which increases the money supply without a corresponding increase in goods and services, leading to inflation. Coupled with external shocks such as natural disasters, commodity price fluctuations, or geopolitical tensions, the economy can spiral into hyperinflation.Political instability and governance failures also play a pivotal role in triggering hyperinflation. In many developing nations, governments may resort to money printing as a quick fix to fiscal imbalances, undermining the credibility of the currency. The lack of effective monetary policy, transparency, and accountability in these economies exacerbates inflationary pressures. Additionally, the collapse of trust in the national currency often results in the adoption of foreign currencies, further destabilizing the domestic economy. The socio-economic impact of hyperinflation is profound, as it erodes savings, disrupts trade, and deepens poverty. Hyperinflation also results in social unrest and political instability, with long-term consequences for development. Understanding these dynamics is critical for policymakers and international organizations seeking to prevent or mitigate the occurrence of hyperinflation and its detrimental effects in developing economies.Keywords: Understand, Dynamics, Hyperinflation, Developing Economies.
REGULAR TRAINING COMBINED WITH E-CONTENT PACKAGES AND GAME-SPECIFIC DRILLS TO IMPROVE KABADDI SKILLS PERFORMANCE
Authors: V. Sundar  , T. P. Yokesh
Published: February 2025

Examining the impact of e-content-based coaching on specific Kabaddi skills was the aim of this study. Eighty male Kabaddi players, ages 18 to 25, were chosen as subjects from Alagappa University in Karaikudi in order to fulfil the study's objectives. With a pre-test and a post-test, the study was designed as a true random group design. Group I received instruction and coaching using an e-content package, Group II received instruction and coaching using a game-specific training, Group III received combined training, and Group IV received no training. The subjects were divided into four equal groups of twenty each at random. For twelve weeks, the experimental group followed their respective schedules on different days. Teaching & coaching session in the field lasted for 60 minutes. The chain tackle was assessed by subjective ratings. Analysis of covariance and scheffe’s method was used. It was found that the combined training package showed significant improvement on chain tackle than other experimental groups.
Penerapan PBL Modifikasi Media Papan Ranking Satu pada Topik Cookies untuk Fase F
Authors: Anggia Forza , Astuti Nugrahani , Handajani Sri , Widagdo Andika Kuncoro
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas model Problem Based Learning (PBL) yang dimodifikasi dengan media papan ranking dalam pembelajaran topik cookies bagi siswa SMK kuliner fase F. Pendekatan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas guru dan siswa, hasil belajar, serta respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pretest-posttest kelompok tunggal dengan perangkat pembelajaran berupa RPP, LKPD, handout, dan asesmen. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa, asesmen formatif, serta angket respon siswa, dengan analisis data secara kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas guru mencapai rata-rata 84% (sangat baik), aktivitas siswa 86% (sangat baik), hasil belajar meningkat dengan nilai sig < a = 0,05 dan nilai gain sebesar 69,7% (sangat baik), serta respon siswa mencapai rata-rata 90% (sangat baik). Kesimpulannya, penerapan PBL modifikasi papan ranking pada topik cookies terbukti sangat efektif, meskipun penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan dalam akurasi hasil dan sebaiknya diterapkan oleh guru yang memiliki kompetensi teruji serta dengan jumlah populasi yang sesuai standar penelitian.
Isolation and identification of the causative agent of fowl cholera in ‎Iraq and preparation of vaccines against the disease ‎2- Preparation of different vaccines against fowl cholera disease
Authors: M .Mhanam‎ Hatem , K. Kassab‎ Ather , K. Shubber‎ Esmail
Published: February 2025

Three types of locally isolated Pasteurella multocida antigenes namely the whole sonicated bacteria (WSB) the bacterial cell wall (BCW) and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of bacteria were prepared as a vaccine . Each type of antigenes was used in 3 concentrations that are 107, 109 and 1011 Colony Forming Units / bird for WSB and 250,500 and 750 mg/bird for BCW and LPS. Each of the prepared concentrations was injected subcutaneously into a group of  broiler breeder chickens and one group was left as a control . The groups were vaccinated 2 times at 10 and 18 weeks. The progress of immune response was monitered throughout a passive haemagglutination, an agar gel immunodiffusion, delayed type hypersensitivity and challenge tests. The results demonstrated that the WSB antigens provided better protection and the concentration of 109 was the superior of all. The BCW antigen was next and the concentration of 500 mg/bird was the best among these antigenes, followed by LPS antigen and the best concentration among them was the 750 mg/bird.
Sensitivity of the Mediterranean Ecosystem to Nutrient Deposition: An Interdisciplinary Review
Authors: Crispi Guido , Pacciaroni Massimo
Published: February 2025

Homogeneous methods for ecological applications to the nutrient cycle are analyzed, and the results are presented according to the marine ecology work discussed. To do justice to the explanations, the materials are summarized, and the methods are discussed and improved for both interested readers and experts in the field. Both the materials and the methods serve informative and popularizing as well as applicable and interpretive purposes and, in order to achieve the widest possible dissemination, are shared under the strict supervision of the earlier individual publications discussed here. The aeolian syntheses quantify the impact of atmospheric deposition of nutrients in the Western Mediterranean as one-twentieth of the baseline vertical fluxes of organic matter, while estimates for the Eastern Mediterranean reach one-eighth. Possible changes and additions in the global ocean are discussed as well as ecosystem updates and their relevance to the specific orography, hydrology and geochemistry associated with the lower trophodynamic degrees of freedom. Finally, the dynamics of the basins are analyzed, with increasing nutrient inputs leading to a top-down control of net plankton growth in the western basin and to an extremely nutrient-poor state in the eastern basin.
Judge Freedom Versus Accountability on Oversight System and Ethics Enforcement Mechanism in Criminal Justice in Indonesia
Authors: Pramono Gunadi , Hidayatullah Hidayatullah , Munawar Akhmad
Published: February 2025

This study examines the delicate balance between judicial independence and accountability within Indonesia's criminal justice system, focusing on mechanisms of oversight and ethical enforcement. Judicial independence serves as a fundamental pillar in ensuring impartial court decisions; however, it necessitates a robust accountability system to prevent abuses of power and maintain public trust. Using a normative juridical method, this research analyzes the legal framework governing judicial oversight and ethics enforcement mechanisms. Findings suggest that while Indonesia has established institutions such as the Judicial Commission and the Supreme Court to oversee judicial conduct, their coordination remains suboptimal. The lack of enforcement power for the Judicial Commission often results in ethical violations not being adequately addressed. Additionally, judges frequently face external pressures, particularly in high-profile cases, which may compromise their independence. This study highlights key challenges, including structural limitations in the supervisory system, public and media influence on judicial decision-making, and insufficient transparency in ethical oversight. To strengthen judicial integrity, the research recommends enhancing the authority of the Judicial Commission, improving inter-institutional coordination, and increasing transparency in judicial accountability processes. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on legal reform in Indonesia and propose strategies to ensure a fairer and more accountable judiciary.
Cyberbullying and bystanders: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Chen Hailan , Zolkepli Izzal Asnira
Published: February 2025

The negative effects of cyberbullying are broad and have become a global problem, affecting people of multiple age groups and identities. Despite the growing body of research on cyberbullying, especially on bystanders and interventions, instances of ignored cyberbullying victimization still persist. This phenomenon suggests greater examination of current bystander research, and this literature therefore maps and analyses the research contributions in this field and identifies future lines of research. The research findings are based on an examination of academic publications listed in Web of Science in the period 2007–2024 which were mapped using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses technique and bibliometric software (VOSviewer and the R software package Biblioshiny). (1) Analysis of the data reveals the current distribution of published research findings in the field, identifying the most impactful journal as Computers in Human Behavior, the core author as Vandebosch, the most prolific affiliation as University of Antwerp, and the most prolific country as the USA. (2) Analysis of the data reveals collaboration patterns between authors and countries, showing same affiliation co-authors to predominate and a lack of collaboration between countries. (3) Analysis of the data parses research trends in bystander intervention behavior research and proposes the directions of future research should focus on examining multiple social media platforms and school-based coping strategies in cyberbullying. The content analysis of relevant articles conducted by this study should provide valuable clues for those researching or intending to enter this field of study, as well as help to raise the emphasis on such research in academia.
From the Euthyphro to Theodicy: The Problem of Language and God
Authors: Soltes Ori Z
Published: February 2025

Beginning with the Euthyphro and continuing with reference to the Cratylus, Plato’s Socrates introduces and repeatedly confronts the problem of defining terms that humans—specifically, his fellow Athenians—use every day, without considering what the terms really mean. The aporetic outcome of the Cratylus underscores the abiding problematic of language as an instrument for the dialogue necessary to philosophy. The particular focus of the Euthyphro, on piety/ holiness (hosiotes) and its definitionally desperate connection to divinity, offers a turn from philosophy to theology and carries the discussion from Plato to the text of Ex 3:14 and the problematic of God’s name. In turn this leads to the discussion by Levinas in his essay “God and Philosophy” of the juxtaposition and hierarchy of philosophy and theology—by way of the question of whether human language can ever function as well as we hope or imagine it might or does in conveying what the sort of God in which the Abrahamic faiths believe is, and whether It can ever be effectively expressed or understood. This also leads down a path parallel to that of Socrates by way of Genesis 6 (the problem of evil and thus of divinely-ordained ethics) and all the way to Job and the problem of theodicy (why the innocent suffer in a world made by such a God)—and to the challenge and obligation to ask questions, even—especially—those without answers.
Predictive coding and dimension-selective attention enhance the lateralization of spoken language processing
Authors: Preisig Basil Christoph , Meyer Martin
Published: February 2025

Hemispheric lateralization in speech and language processing exemplifies functional brain specialization. Seminal work in patients with left hemisphere damage highlighted the left-hemispheric dominance in language functions. However, speech processing is not confined to the left hemisphere. Hence, some researchers associate lateralization with auditory processing asymmetries: slow temporal and fine spectral acoustic information is preferentially processed in right auditory regions, while faster temporal information is primarily handled by left auditory regions. Other scholars posit that lateralization relates more to linguistic processing, particularly for speech and speech-like stimuli. We argue that these seemingly distinct accounts are interdependent. Linguistic analysis of speech relies on top-down processes, such as predictive coding and dimension-selective auditory attention, which enhance lateralized processing by engaging left-lateralized sensorimotor networks. Our review highlights that lateralization is weaker for simple sounds, stronger for speech-like sounds, and strongest for meaningful speech. Evidence shows that predictive speech processing and selective attention enhance lateralization. We illustrate that these top-down processes rely on left-lateralized sensorimotor networks and provide insights into the role of these networks in speech processing.
Registered Replication Report: Study 3 from Trafimow and Hughes (2012)
Authors: Rife Sean Chandler , Lambert Quinn Scott , Calin-Jageman Robert , Adamkovic Matus , Baník Gabriel , Barberia Itxaso , Beaudry Jennifer L , Bernauer Hanna , Calvillo Dustin P , Chopik William J. , David Louise , de Beijer Ismay , Evans Thomas Rhys , Hartanto Andree , Kačmár Pavol , Legate Nicole , Martončik Marcel , Massar Karlijn , Moreau David , McCabe Simon , Osmanoğlu Şevval , Özdoğru Asil Ali , Panning Miriam , Primbs Maximilian , Protzko John , Rodríguez-Ferreiro Javier , Röer Jan Philipp , Ropovik Ivan , Schindler Simon , Sleegers Willem W. A. , ten Hoor Gill A. , Tran Ulrich S. , van Schie Hein , Vadillo Miguel A. , Voracek Martin , Wiggins Bradford Jay
Published: February 2025

Terror Management Theory (TMT) proposes that when people are made aware of their own death, they are more likely to endorse cultural values. TMT is a staple of social psychology, being featured prominently in textbooks and the subject of much research. The implications associated with TMT are significant, as its advocates claim it can partially explain cultural conflicts, intergroup antagonisms, and even war. However, considerable ambiguity regarding effect size exists, and no preregistered replication of death-thought accessibility findings exists. Moreover, there is debate regarding the role of time delay between the manipulation of mortality salience and assessment of key measures. We present results from 22 labs in 11 countries (total N = 3,447) attempting to replicate and extend an existing study of terror management theory, study three from Trafimow and Hughes (2012), and the role of time delay effects. We successfully replicate Trafimow and Hughes (2012), and demonstrate that it is possible to prime death-related thoughts, and that priming is more effective when there is no delay between the priming and outcome measure. Implications for future research and terror management theory are discussed.
State of the Science: Alcohol Use and Acculturation-Related Factors Across Diverse Populations
Authors: Lui P. Priscilla , Rufo Clara , Peterson Rosa , Bazzano María Luján , Chang Christine Yewon , Cano Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2025

Alcohol consumption can pose health risks and cause social problems, hence harmful drinking is a global health concern. Acculturation has been theorized and examined as a key driver for drinking behaviors. In this State of the Science article, we define sociocultural and psychological acculturation, and describe three causal theories associated with socialization and learning, stress and coping, and accessibility and opportunity. Data have shown small-to-moderate associations linking acculturation factors to drinking outcomes. Many existing studies measure acculturation with demographic proxies and static cultural orientation indicators. Underlying causal mechanisms are typically inferred rather than tested directly, with limited focus on key proximal factors such as stress responses, drinking motives, and cultural norms. Furthermore, current alcohol interventions lack alignment with acculturation science and fail to target modifiable, drinking-related factors. To advance the field and bridge research-to-practice gaps, studies should move beyond broad demographic markers and examine systematically the psychological and social pathways linking acculturation to alcohol use. We advocate for the adoption of context-specific measures, daily life study methods to capture acculturation’s dynamic effects on drinking, and research across diverse global populations. We call for the field to integrate the acculturation framework into broader alcohol research and interventions to address individual and cultural variations in drinking behaviors, incorporate sociocultural influences into existing models of alcohol use to bridge gaps in generalizability, and enhance intervention effectiveness.
SEMbeddings: how to evaluate model misfit before data collection using large-language models
Authors: Feraco Tommaso , Toffalini Enrico
Published: February 2025

Recent developments suggest that Large Language Models (LLMs) provide a promising approach for approximating empirical correlation matrices of item responses by utilizing item embeddings and their cosine similarities. In this paper, we introduce a novel tool, which we label SEMbeddings. This tool integrates mpnet-personality (a fine-tuned embedding model) with latent measurement models to assess model fit or misfit prior to data collection. To support our statement, we apply SEMbeddings to the 96 items of the VIA-IS-P, which measures 24 different character strengths, using responses from 31,697 participants. Our analysis shows a significant, though not perfect, correlation (r = .67) between the cosine similarities of embeddings and empirical correlations among items. We then demonstrate how to fit confirmatory factor analyses on the cosine similarity matrices produced by mpnet-personality and interpret the outcomes using modification indices. We found that relying on traditional fit indices when using SEMbeddings can be misleading as they often lead to more conservative conclusions compared to empirical results. Nevertheless, they provide valuable suggestions about possible misfit, and we argue that the modification indices obtained from these models could serve as a useful screening tool to make informed decisions about items prior to data collection. As LLMs become increasingly precise and new fine-tuned models are released, these procedures have the potential to deliver more reliable results, potentially transforming the way new questionnaires are developed.
Open Access And U.S. Federal Information Policy
Authors: Harbeson Eric
Published: February 2025

Federal agencies are directed, as a matter of U.S. Federal policy, to provide free, immediatepublic access to peer-reviewed scholarly publications that are produced with support from Federalresearch grant funding. Because copyright vests in the author of the work, agencies must havepermission from the author in order to provide that access. A government-wide regulation, in placesince 1976, constitutes one possible source for the needed permission. The “Federal PurposeLicense” provides that, as a condition of Federal funding, grant recipients issue the granting agencya non-exclusive license to use all works subject to copyright and either developed or acquiredunder the grant. The License allows the agency to “reproduce, publish, or otherwise use the workfor Federal purposes and to authorize others to do so.” The License is functionally the same asother license agreements between parties. As a first priority license, the Federal Purpose Licensesurvives all subsequent copyright transfers, allowing authors to comply with grant terms andagencies to comply with their public access mandates.The License provides familiar language and consistency across agencies, helping simplifythe compliance and subsequent publication process for grant recipients. The License allows theagency to make many uses, and also allows the agency to authorize third parties to do so, but it isalso constrained. The scope of the License depends on the meaning of “Federal Purposes,” whichis undefined but is likely tied to the purposes underlying the License itself to support research andprovide the public with a return on its investment. Agencies desiring more permissive languagemay supplement the License with their own regulations, and some have done so.
Maximize Power: Online Survey Panels and the Price-Quality Trade-Off
Authors: Rudolph Lukas , Seelkopf Laura
Published: February 2025

The use of survey-experimental research with online access panels provided by marketing research companies has grown significantly in the social sciences. These panels offer rapid access to quota-representative samples, enabling generalizable findings alongside causal inferences. However, researchers face a wide range of pricing options, with higher-priced companies often claiming superior quality in terms of respondent attentiveness, honesty, and representativity beyond quota characteristics. This creates a potential trade-off between sample quality and the statistical power achievable within a given research budget. Our study examines this trade-off within the context of Germany, the largest economy in Europe. We solicited bids from all marketing research companies operating in the German market to conduct survey-experimental research. From these, we selected three companies representing low, medium, and high price points, each corresponding to self-reported panel quality. Using identical vignette, priming, and conjoint experiments, along with standard socio-demographic and attitudinal measures relevant to political behavior research, we compared the outcomes across these quota-representative samples. Our findings suggest that for experimental designs, the trade-off between price and quality is less pronounced than commonly assumed. Based on this evidence, we recommend prioritizing statistical power by minimizing costs per respondent.
Estimation of Productivity and Efficiency of Cotton Farmers in Pakistan: A Case Study of District Dera Ghazi Khan
Authors: Hameed Abdul
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates technical, allocative and economic efficiency of cotton farmers of district Dera Ghazi Khan using data envelopment analysis technique. Structured questionnaire is used to collect the data of cotton farmers. Data collection is carried out for Kharif season of 2012. A stratified random sampling selection technique was used to collect the data. The results reveal that mean total technical, pure technical, allocative, economic and scale efficiencies are 0.67, 0.94, 0.57, 0.54 and 0.71 respectively. It also shows that cotton farmer can produce average 22.5 mounds per acre seed cotton without reducing the inputs and technology. It also concludes that education, experience and contact with extension workers are significant determinants of technical efficiency of the cotton farmers.
Navigating the Complexities of Body Image in Young Adults and Their Self-Acceptance
Authors: Manisha Khadga Yadav
Published: February 2025

Body image encompasses individuals' perceptions and beliefs regarding their own physical appearance. It is shaped by personal and cultural factors and can manifest in either a positive or negative manner. Satisfaction with body image is associated with interpersonal success, happiness, healthier lifestyle, enhanced performance, and improved self-esteem. Dissatisfaction with body image stems from the gap between an individual's perceived and ideal physique. Factors such as media representations, social influences, and appearance-related ideal-type of teasing contribute to the development of negative body image, which can adversely affect both mental and physical health. The psychological construct of body image represents the underlying mental representation individuals possess regarding their bodies, shaping self-perception and their physical appearance. Individual perspectives on body image are expected to vary based on culture, race, age, education, profession, or social network; however, research reveals gender as the most significant factor. This paper presents the findings of primary research conducted with two dozen of young adults, who were interviewed regarding their satisfaction with their current body image and the underlying influencing factors. Body image satisfaction was found to be influenced by self-assessment of the body, health status, impression management, and other social factors. Participants' diverse perspectives underscore the complex interaction among social feedback and societal norms in shaping individual perceptions of beauty and attractiveness.