bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐Adaptive Quantum Kernel Principal Component Analysis for Compact Readout of Chemiresistive Sensor Arrays
Authors: Wang Zeheng , van der Laan Timothy , Usman Muhammad
Published: January 2025

The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices necessitates efficient data compression techniques to manage the vast amounts of data they generate. Chemiresistive sensor arrays (CSAs), a simple yet essential component in IoT systems, produce large datasets due to their simultaneous multi‐sensor operations. Classical principal component analysis (cPCA), a widely used solution for dimensionality reduction, often struggles to preserve critical information in complex datasets. In this study, the self‐adaptive quantum kernel (SAQK) PCA is introduced as a complementary approach to enhance information retention. The results show that SAQK PCA outperforms cPCA in various back end machine‐learning tasks, particularly in low‐dimensional scenarios where quantum bit resources are constrained. Although the overall improvement is modest in some cases, SAQK PCA proves especially effective in preserving group structures within low‐dimensional data. These findings underscore the potential of noisy intermediate‐scale quantum (NISQ) computers to transform data processing in real‐world IoT applications by improving the efficiency and reliability of CSA data compression and readout, despite current qubit limitations.
Impact of Leadership Styles and Organisational Citizenship Behaviours on Organisational Green Innovation Performance: The Moderating Role of Organisational Legitimacy
Authors: Zhao Shuliang , Renxi Wu , Giglio Carlo , Appolloni Andrea
Published: January 2025

Firms' green innovation performance is influenced by several factors, including external legitimacy pressures and internal leader–member exchange relationships. Existing studies make little distinction between types of sustainable innovation and neglect leader, employee and organisational factors in the same strategic management framework. Based on institutional and social exchange theories, data from 537 Chinese enterprises are analysed through a hierarchical regression to explore how different leadership styles, organisational citizenship behaviours and legitimacy outside organisations affect green innovation performance. Research findings suggest that both transactional and transformational leadership contribute to organisational citizenship behaviours and green innovation performance. Organisational citizenship behaviours partially mediate between leadership styles and green innovation. Organisational legitimacy only positively moderates between leadership styles and organisational citizenship for green product innovation. This implies that organisations should pay attention to fostering high‐quality leader–member exchange relationships, formulating sustainable innovation management strategies and seeking a balance between obtaining organisational legitimacy and promoting organisational citizenship.
Process intensification of the baculovirus expression vector system using a perfusion process with a low multiplicity of infection at high cell concentrations
Authors: Altenburg Jort J. , Juarez‐Garza Brenda E. , van Keimpema Jelle , van Oosten Linda , Pijlman Gorben P. , van Oers Monique M. , Wijffels René H. , Martens Dirk E.
Published: January 2025

The emergence of new viruses and the spread of existing pathogens necessitate efficient vaccine production methods. The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is an efficient and scalable system for subunit and virus‐like particle vaccine production and gene therapy vectors. However, current production processes are often limited to low cell concentrations (1–4 × 106 cells/mL) in fed‐batch mode. To improve the volumetric productivity of the BEVS, a medium exchange strategy was investigated. Screening experiments were performed to test baculovirus (expressing green fluorescent protein; GFP) infection and productivity of insect cell cultures infected at high cell concentration (1–2 × 107 cells/mL), showing that infection at high cell concentrations was possible with medium exchange. Next, duplicate perfusion runs with baculovirus infection were performed using a cell concentration upon infection (CCI) of 1.2 × 107 cells/mL and a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01, reaching a maximum viable cell concentration of 2.8 × 107 cells/mL and a maximum GFP production of 263 mg/L. The volumetric productivity of these perfusion runs was 4.8 times higher than for reference batch processes with a CCI of 3 × 106 cells/mL and an MOI of 1. These results demonstrate that process intensification can be achieved for the BEVS by implementing perfusion, resulting in a higher volumetric productivity.
Construction of 1,3‐Diboryl Allenes from gem‐Iododiboron Compounds via Intermolecular Boryl Group Transfer†
Authors: Li Ming , Wei Yi , Chen Du , Ning Peng‐Fei , Yang Yi‐Fei , Xie Xiao‐Yu , Liu Chao , Hong Kai
Published: January 2025

Comprehensive Summary

Allenylboronates are valuable synthetic building blocks and have garnered significant interest. However, their 1,3‐diboyl substituted analogs have not been reported. Herein, we disclosed a novel method for creating 1,3‐diboyl allenes from gem‐iododiboron compounds and alkynyl Grignard reagents. The starting materials are initially converted into the corresponding propargylic gem‐bis(boronates), which then undergo an intermolecular boryl group transfer to afford 1,3‐diboyl allenes, as confirmed by mechanistic studies. This method features good tolerance to steric hindrance and is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups.
Evaluation of the Effect of Momelotinib on Cardiac Repolarization: A Thorough QT Study
Authors: Vlasakakis Georgios , Alvarez Yolanda , Hart Timothy , Ho Yu Liu , Ellis Catherine
Published: January 2025

A randomized, partially blinded, placebo‐controlled, crossover study in 48 healthy adults assessed the effect of momelotinib on the heart rate‐corrected QT interval (QTc) using the Fridericia formula (QTcF). QTc was evaluated for momelotinib 200 mg (therapeutic dose), momelotinib 800 mg (supratherapeutic dose), moxifloxacin 400 mg (positive control), and placebo. Pharmacokinetic profiles of momelotinib and its active metabolite M21 were evaluated. Momelotinib did not prolong QTcF, as the upper bounds of the 2‐sided 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the mean difference between doses of momelotinib and placebo were <10 milliseconds at all time points. The lower limit of the 2‐sided 98% CI for the mean difference in QTcF between moxifloxacin versus placebo was >5 milliseconds at 2, 3, and 4 hours after dosing, demonstrating assay sensitivity. There was no positive relationship between momelotinib plasma concentrations and QTcF. Adverse events (AEs) were more frequent with the supratherapeutic dose of momelotinib, but none were considered severe. There were no deaths, serious AEs, or AEs leading to study discontinuation. Neither therapeutic nor supratherapeutic doses of momelotinib led to clinically significant effects on the QTc interval, supporting a negative finding for QTc prolongation from this thorough QT study.
A Cross‐Sectional Network Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence and Suicidal Ideation Among Arab Women
Authors: Tayim Natalie , Ayasrah Mohammad Nayef , Ahmed Marei , Abdelrahman Rasha Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and suicidal ideation among women using a network analysis approach.

Method

Secondary data including 440 women (mean age ± SD = 32.78 ± 8.09) who experienced IPV in the last 6 months were used. The Revised Composite Abuse Scale‐Short Form, Columbia‐Suicide Severity Rating Scale and Revised Scale of Economic Abuse were used to assess IPV and suicidal ideation. Network analysis, centrality measures and bridge centrality were applied to understand the interplay between IPV and suicide risk factors.

Results

The strongest association in the network analysis was found between ‘Wish to be Dead’ (S.1) and ‘Non‐Specific Active Suicidal Thoughts’ (S.2) with a weight of 0.523, indicating a substantial correlation between general suicidal thoughts and particular desires to die. IPV symptoms, particularly economic exploitation and psychological abuse, showed strong links to suicidal ideation. ‘Active Suicidal Ideation with Specific Plan and Intent’ (S.5) was significantly related to ‘Make you take out a loan or buy something on credit when you didn't want to’ (EA.11) with a weight of 0.276. Additionally, centrality analysis showed that ‘Wish to be Dead’ (S.1) was the most central node in the network of suicidal ideation, with the highest centrality score (betweenness = 2.625).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that IPV, mainly psychological abuse, plays a pivotal role in suicidal ideation among women. Mental health interventions should focus on addressing IPV‐related psychological abuse. Suicide prevention efforts must integrate IPV screening into clinical practice.
Evolutions of Both Temperature Field and Convection Field During GaInSb THM and VB Crystal Growths and Influences of Temperature Gradient
Authors: Wang Pei , Wang Bowen , Zhao Leran , Liu Ming , Liu Jian , Zhang Xinhu , Liu Juncheng
Published: January 2025

III‐V semiconductor compound crystals are widely used in the advanced infrared detectors and lasers etc. The traveling heater method (THM) and the vertical Bridgman method (VB) are two important methods to grow high‐quality, especially low dislocation density bulk single crystals, in which the furnace temperature gradient GTH, usually plays a key role determining the dislocation density. This work simulates numerically GaInSb crystal growths with both THM and VB, displaying the evolutions of both the temperature field inside the crucible domain and the flow field in the melt in detail, investigating the influences of GTH on the temperature and the flow fields, especially on the temperature gradient at the front of crystal growth interface and its shape. The results show that both of them are more dependent on GTH during THM crystal growth than during VB one. Furthermore, this work focuses on the impact of the mushy zone in the front of growth interface during the ternary compounds’ crystal growth, which has been almost always ignored in the previous numerical simulation works.
Transparent Banking: Unveiling the Drivers of Online Circular Economy Disclosure in European Banks
Authors: Fraccalvieri Ilenia , L'Abate Vitiana , Raimo Nicola , Vitolla Filippo , Bussoli Candida
Published: January 2025

In response to global efforts to address climate change, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem degradation, the transition to a circular economy (CE) has emerged as a key strategy for achieving sustainable development. Financial institutions, particularly banks, play a pivotal role in this transition by supporting companies through financial and legal frameworks, network development services, and advisory support, while also adopting internal sustainable practices. Given their central role in the CE, banks are also expected to enhance transparency by clearly communicating their CE initiatives and raising awareness. Despite this, CE disclosure (CED) practices among banks have received limited attention in academic literature. This study, through the lens of legitimacy theory, aims to address this gap by examining the level of CED in European banks and the impact of certain bank characteristics—such as size, age, Internet visibility, and internationalization—on the amount of CE information disseminated through their official websites. The econometric analysis, conducted on a sample of 107 European banks, reveals that size, Internet visibility, and internationalization positively influence the amount of CE information disclosed, while age has no significant effect. The findings enhance the knowledge of how banks manage and communicate their CE efforts, providing valuable insights for banks, policymakers, and standard setters.
Recovery of Rare Earths from End‐of‐Life NdFeB Permanent Magnets from Wind Turbines
Authors: Alcaraz Lorena , Rodríguez‐Largo Olga , Barquero‐Carmona Gorka , Berja Alba , Quesada Adrián , López Félix A.
Published: January 2025

This work aims to recover rare earths from wind turbines NdFeB magnets through pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques. First, a NdFeB hydride powder is obtained by decrepitation with hydrogen. Subsequently, this powder was subjected to a chlorination roasting process and successive leaching with water to bring the metals into solution. This was followed by a liquid‐liquid extraction to remove the iron and purify the rare earth solution. For this purpose, Aliquat 336 diluted in Solvesso was selected as the iron selective extraction agent. As a single extraction was not enough for complete iron removal, a second Fe extraction step was carried out. This second extraction step was performed using the restored organic phase. This restoration was achieved by treating the organic phase with Na2SO3 and then washing it with a 3 M HCl solution. In this way, the process was achieved more sustainably. Finally, the rare earths contained in the final solution were precipitated using oxalic acid to obtain mixed rare earth oxalates.
The Eurasian Magpie Preys on the Nests of Vinous‐throated Parrotbills in Invasive Smooth Cordgrass
Authors: Chen Yanhong , Xu Youle , Wang Junjie , Chen Taiyu , Liu Bin , Chen Pan , Lu Changhu
Published: January 2025

Native animals worldwide are experiencing long‐term coexistence with invasive plants, leading to diverse behavioral changes. Invasive plants may create new habitat structures that affect the distribution or behavior of prey, which in turn might attract predators to these novel habitats, thereby altering predator–prey dynamics within the ecosystem. However, this phenomenon is rarely reported. Our previous research found that in the Yellow Sea wetlands of China, the native bird species, the vinous‐throated parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana), has adapted to breeding in the invasive smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) by increasing its nesting height. Here, our observations indicate that in cordgrass habitats, the main nest predator of parrotbills was the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica), accounting for 75% of predation events. In contrast, in native habitats, the primary predators were mammals and snakes, accounting for 83% of predation events, with no nests being predated by magpies. We believe that changes in the breeding and nesting behavior of parrotbills may have attracted magpie predation in cordgrass habitats. Our findings may provide an empirical case of how behavioral changes induced by invasive plants can lead to dynamic shifts in predation relationships. We advocate for further research into this intriguing phenomenon, as it could enhance our understanding of changes in interspecific relationships and their ecological consequences within the context of biological invasions.
The power and pitfalls of amino acid carbon stable isotopes for tracing origin and use of basal resources in food webs
Authors: Vane Kim , Cobain Matthew R. D. , Larsen Thomas
Published: January 2025

Natural and anthropogenic stressors alter the composition, biomass, and nutritional quality of primary producers and microorganisms, the basal organisms that synthesize the biomolecules essential for metazoan growth and survival (i.e., basal resources). Traditional biomarkers have provided valuable insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of basal resource use, but lack specificity in identifying multiple basal organisms, can be confounded by environmental and physiological processes, and do not always preserve in tissues over long timescales. Carbon stable isotope ratios of essential amino acids (δ13C‐EAA) show remarkable promise in identifying and distinguishing clades of basal organisms with unique δ13C‐EAA fingerprints that are independent of trophic processing and environmental variability, providing unparalleled potential in their application. Understanding the biochemical processes that underpin δ13C‐AA data is crucial, however, for holistic and robust inferences in ecological applications. This comprehensive methodological review, for the first time, conceptualizes these mechanistic underpinnings that drive δ13C‐EAA fingerprints among basal organisms and incorporates δ13C values of non‐essential amino acids that are generally overlooked in ecological studies, despite the gain of metabolic information. We conduct meta‐analyses of published data to test hypothesized AA‐specific isotope fractionations among basal organism clades, demonstrating that phenylalanine separates vascular plant δ13C‐EAA fingerprints, which strongly covaries with their phylogeny. We further explore the utility of non‐essential AAs in separating dietary protein sources of archaeological humans, showing the differences in metabolic information contained within different NEAAs. By scrutinizing the many methodologies that are applied in the field, we highlight the absence of standardized analytical protocols, particularly in sample pretreatments leading to biases, inappropriate use of statistical methods, and reliance on unsuitable training data. To unlock the full potential of δ13C‐EAA fingerprints, we provide in‐depth explanations on knowledge gaps, pitfalls, and optimal practices in this complex but powerful approach for assessing ecosystem change across spatiotemporal scales.
Supporting Smart Manufacturing in the Space Industry: A Case Study
Authors: Arman Ala , Lombardo Andrea , Monti Flavia , Mecella Massimo
Published: January 2025

In the era of Industry 4.0, the New Space Economy, often called Space 4.0, has taken center stage in the satellite industry. The advent of mega‐constellations, which entails mass satellite production, necessitates state‐of‐the‐art manufacturing methods. Leveraging Industry 4.0 technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data analytics show great potential for improving the manufacturing, assembly, integration, and testing (MAIT) cycle. This paper focuses on how Industry 4.0 principles enhance data analysis and automation in space manufacturing, illustrated through a case study at an aerospace company, with a focus on the composite sandwich panel manufacturing line. We introduce two key contributions. First, an interactive dashboard is proposed to enhance data analytics capabilities, offering real‐time access to insights and key performance indicators (KPIs) for operators and data analysts, and enabling the exploration of customized metrics. This facilitates comprehensive analysis of the entire MAIT process, supporting trend detection, anomaly identification, and areas for improvement to facilitate data‐driven decision‐making. Second, we present two strategies to tackle the challenges posed by the constrained number of attempts to insert installations on sandwich panels. These strategies are founded on a proposed data analytics approach rooted in Markov chain principles. This approach aids operators in making informed decisions on whether to proceed with additional attempts or discard the insert. By calculating the probability of successful insertions in future attempts, our approach can suitably enhance resource usage and production timelines. The proposed approach is evaluated through stress testing, where three processes insert 212,000 sensor records into Kafka queues at varying throughputs, monitored via Metricbeat for system resource usage. Results show low CPU usage (below 20%), consistent network throughput, and stable average data insertion times after initial peaks, demonstrating the architecture's scalability and efficiency.
Manual or Motorized Postharvest Operations of Pearl Millet in Maradi, Niger: Effects on Time and Energy Use, Profitability, and Farmers' Perceptions
Authors: Nourou Abdourahamane Issa M. , Garba Maman , Grimsby Lars Kåre , Aune Jens B.
Published: January 2025

The pearl millet value chain in Niger, from sowing to the production of millet flour, is mainly done using manual labor. The objective of this study was to compare manual and motorized postharvest operations in pearl millet based on several criteria: output per hour, labor and energy demand, product quality, drudgery (measured by heart rate), profitability, farmers' perceptions of quality and cost of operations, and adoption rates. The study also assessed the conditions under which motorized operations could be adopted. The research methods included a survey of 200 households, interviews with entrepreneurs, and field measurements of both manual and motorized postharvest operations using the above criteria. An economic assessment was undertaken based on investment costs, time use, and the cost and income of each operation. The results showed that 72.5% of the households surveyed used motorized milling, whereas only 4% used motorized threshing. The time‐saving effect of motorization was the highest for milling (211 h/Mg), whereas it was lowest for threshing (21 h/Mg). Motorized processing of 1 Mg of millet grain adequate for a household's yearly needs saves 49 man‐days/year compared to manual methods. Quality measurements showed that only 38% of millet flour met quality standards after manual milling compared to 87% for motorized milling. By considering factors like fuel use and losses in the manual and motorized operations, it was found that motorized operations used 429 kWh/Mg less than the manual operation. Threshing is the most challenging postharvest operation to motorize, with investment costs four times higher than milling and dehulling, and lower profitability than other operations. Moreover, threshing and straw chopping are only done in the months following harvesting, whereas milling and dehulling services are in demand throughout the year. The study found that motorization of postharvest operations is an interesting option for farmers based on the criteria of time saving, quality of products, energy efficiency, reduction in women's workload, and profitability.
Eco‐Transformation: Shaping the Future of Manufacturing With Green Technologies and Cleaner Production‐Practices
Authors: Piprani Arsalan Zahid , Nazir Sajid , Poon Wai Chuen , Ali Mahmood , Tehseen Shehnaz
Published: January 2025

In recent years, we have seen a manifold increase in natural calamities resulting from the continual degradation of our environment. The overuse of fossil fuels and other natural resources has contributed towards increasing global warming. This research investigates the environmental challenges posed by the overuse of natural resources and the subsequent carbon footprint. It emphasises the critical need for green technology and cleaner production practices to overcome environmental challenges. Focusing on developing countries, it investigates the effects of green technology and cleaner production‐practices on energy efficiency, waste reduction and corporate sustainability in Pakistan's manufacturing industry. Through a cross‐sectional analysis, it investigates the influence of sustainable practices on corporate sustainability in diverse manufacturing sectors. The findings reveal a positive correlation between the adoption of green technology and cleaner production‐practices and a reduction in energy consumption, highlighting the significant role of resource commitment in enhancing the effectiveness of green technologies. However, the study notes a lack of significant impact of green technology on waste reduction and the broader concept of corporate sustainability, while cleaner production‐practices show a beneficial influence on sustainability measures. This study contributes to the understanding of sustainable practices in emerging economies and underscores the importance of top management support and resource allocation in achieving environmental and economic sustainability goals.
Early Cretaceous W–Nb–Ta Mineralisation in the Southeastern Xingmeng Orogenic Belt, NE China: Geochronological Evidence From the Jiabusi Nb–Ta and Narewula W Deposits
Authors: Zhang Rongzhen , Diao Xi , Zhang Dehui , Li Zhu , Zhu Penglong , Li Lin , Wang Li
Published: January 2025

The Xianghuangqi region in the southeastern section of the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt (XMOB) has gained attention for its potential rare mineral yield, particularly from multiple W and Nb–Ta deposits. However, limited geochronological data limits our understanding of their origin and progress in W–Nb–Ta exploration. We thus performed 40Ar/39Ar muscovite and U–Pb wolframite, cassiterite and columbite dating on the Jiabusi Nb–Ta and Narenwula W deposits within the Xianghuangqi region. Our findings revealed that the 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of muscovite from the Jiabusi deposit (135.17 ± 1.34 Ma) aligns with that of the Narenwula W deposit (135.83 ± 1.43 Ma). This consistency is further supported by U–Pb dating of wolframite, cassiterite and columbite in Jiabusi, at 136.4 ± 2.0, 132.1 ± 3.1 and 136.0 ± 3.5 Ma, respectively. These data suggest that mineralisation of W–Nb–Ta in the Xianghuangqi area occurred during the Early Cretaceous, probably in association with the late‐stage evolution of intrusions within the granite complex. Zircon U–Pb dating of Jiabusi albite granites yielded an age of 137.5 ± 1.2 Ma, indicating later formation than the Kusigui biotite granites, which date at approximately 149 Ma in the same region. The geochronological data highlight a regional Early Cretaceous event of W–Nb–Ta mineralisation around 135 Ma, influenced by tectonic interactions between the Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean and the Paleo‐Pacific Plate. We conclude that, most probably, W–Nb–Ta ore deposits of the southeastern segment of the XMOB in the Xianghuangqi area were emplaced during the Early Cretaceous.
Identification of Meloidogyne spp. from cool‐season golf course putting greens in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Braithwaite Emily , Starchvick Robert J. , Kowalewski Alec R. , Temple Todd N. , Zasada Inga A. , Rivedal Hannah M.
Published: January 2025

Plant‐parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are important pests affecting golf course putting green health, playability, and management. Recently, they have become a concern for golf course superintendents managing cool‐season grasses in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) as reports of damage attributable to PPN activity have increased. Minimal information is available on the species identity and PPN distribution across the region. In November of 2023, soil samples were collected from 264 golf course putting greens in Washington, Oregon, and California for PPN extraction and identification. Meloidogyne spp. (root‐knot nematode) was one of the most encountered PPN, occurring in 89% of samples, with maximum PPN densities exceeding 10,000 second stage juveniles 100 cc−1. In OR and CA samples Meloidogyne minor and Meloidogyne naasi was documented, while only M. naasi was documented in WA. These findings will help inform future efforts into the development of regional damage thresholds, and into appropriate management strategies for PNW cool‐season golf courses.
Dose‐Dependent Hepatorenal Damage Induced by Erythrosine: A Study of Biochemical, Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Histopathological Effects in Wistar Rats
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Chadha Pooja
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to provide insights into the hepatorenal toxicity induced by erythrosine, a synthetic red dye commonly used in food and pharmaceuticals, which has raised concerns over its potential health risks. Twenty‐four rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). The first group was the control group and the other group received one of three doses of erythrosine based on acceptable daily intake (¼ ADI, ½ ADI, and ADI, 0.1 mg/kg body weight). This study examined biological activity via biochemical enzyme analysis, oxidative stress indices, DNA damage, and histopathology. Compared with the control group, erythrosine administration increased the serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, urea, creatinine, and uric acid at the highest erythrosine dose. The catalase and the superoxide dismutase activity decreased in both tissues at the highest dose. The glutathione‐S‐transferase activity increased at the ¼ ADI dose and decreased at higher doses in both tissues. In contrast, acetylcholinesterase activity was greater in erythrosine‐treated rats than in control rats. Oxidative stress indices indicated increased lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide content, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. The comet assay was used to assess DNA damage, revealing significant damage in the erythrosine‐treated groups. Histopathological examination revealed necrotic and degenerative changes in the liver and kidney tissues. The findings underscore dose‐dependent hepatorenal toxicity and highlight the novelty of demonstrating a comprehensive link between erythrosine exposure, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. These results emphasize the need for cautious evaluation of synthetic dye consumption due to potential health risks.
Chemoprotective Potential of Cyanidin‐3‐Glucoside Against 1,2‐Dimethylhydrazine‐Induced Colorectal Cancer: Modulation of NF‐κB and Bcl‐2/Bax/Caspase Pathway
Authors: Wang Miao , Wang Xiaoyong
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health challenge, with approximately 1.8 million new cases diagnosed annually and a mortality toll exceeding 881,000 lives each year. This study aimed to evaluate the chemoprotective efficacy of Cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G) in a rat model of CRC induced by 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Rats were stratified into groups and administered C3G at doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg following DMH exposure to initiate CRC. Key parameters, including organ weights, tumor burdens, and biochemical markers, were meticulously assessed. Administration of C3G significantly restored body weight while reducing the weights of colon and spleen tissues. Moreover, C3G treatment substantially suppressed tumor incidence and weight in DMH‐induced CRC rats. Biochemical analysis revealed that C3G markedly reduced levels of CFA, CA19.9, LDH, and nitric oxide (NO). It also modulated lipid profiles, antioxidant activities, and the expression of both Phase I and II enzymes. Inflammatory mediators, including TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐1α, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12, and IL‐17, were significantly downregulated. Notably, C3G inhibited inflammatory markers such as COX‐2, PGE2, iNOS, and NF‐κB while promoting Caspase‐3, ‐6, and ‐9 activity. Furthermore, it regulated the Bax/Bcl‐2 apoptotic axis, reducing the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio. Cyanidin‐3‐glucoside demonstrated potent chemopreventive effects against colorectal cancer in this experimental model. Its mechanism of action is likely mediated through modulation of NF‐κB and the Bcl‐2/Bax/Caspase pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent in CRC management.
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Abdominal Wall in a Pregnant Woman: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathology Findings
Authors: Kawakami Lyca Suzuki , de Souza Filho Ronaldo Modesto , Almeida Michelle Samora , Signorini Filho Roney César , Traina Evelyn , Araujo Júnior Edward , Sun Sue Yazaki
Published: January 2025

Cancer in pregnancy has an incidence of approximately 1:1000, and cases of sarcoma in pregnancy are rare, with only a few described in the literature. This case report describes a 32‐year‐old pregnant woman who noticed an approximately 3.0 cm nodule on her left flank in the second trimester of pregnancy. Initially, it was diagnosed as a lipoma. The lesion grew progressively and after 5 months, at 25 weeks' gestation, the lesion became painful, bulky, with areas of necrosis and infection, and emitted a foul odor. Magnetic resonance imaging described the lesion as a heterogeneous mass measuring 12.0 × 10.0 × 9.6 cm on the left posterolateral abdominal wall, involving subcutaneous tissue and abdominal muscles. Oncologic treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was initiated, and 1 month later, at 29 weeks, obstetric ultrasound revealed fetal growth restriction (FGR). During one of the fetal vitality assessments, oligohydramnios and umbilical artery Doppler with reverse diastolic flow were observed, leading to an emergency cesarean section at 31 weeks. The newborn died 4 days after delivery. Chemotherapy continued, and after the third cycle, the lesion was completely excised. Anatomopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry were consistent with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient was referred for adjuvant radiotherapy to supplement treatment. This case report discusses aspects related to the frequency of sarcoma in pregnancy, diagnostic difficulties, the frequency of fetal vitality assessments, and possible therapeutic approaches during pregnancy.
Mortality in adolescents after therapeutic intervention for self‐harm: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mughal Faraz , Young Paul , Stahl Daniel , Asarnow Joan R. , Ougrin Dennis
Published: January 2025

Background

Self‐harm in adolescents is an international concern. Evidence highlights that therapeutic intervention (TI), such as cognitive behaviour therapy informed treatments, after self‐harm leads to reduced self‐harm repetition. However, there is no prior literature about the effects of TI on future mortality in adolescents. We examined the effect of TI on mortality rates in adolescents across RCTs.

Methods

This review was reported in accordance with PRISMA guidance. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library were searched to 19 June 2024. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts against pre‐defined criteria. RCTs were included if they compared a TI versus a comparator in adolescents up to 18 years with at least one prior self‐harm episode. There was no lower age limit. For the pooled effect size of mortality, the DerSimonian‐Laird method was used, and a random effects model for self‐harm and suicide attempts. The primary outcome was intra or post‐trial mortality in adolescent post TI, and the effect of TIs on self‐harm including attempted suicide episodes were secondary outcomes. Analyses were done in Stata.

Results

Twenty‐four trials of TIs consisting of 3470 randomised adolescents were included. The pooled risk difference for mortality of participants in the TI group was 0.002 (95% CI −0.003 to 0.008, p = 0.42). There were 6 deaths in the TI group compared to 15 deaths in the comparator group. The pooled risk difference for TI on repeat self‐harm was −0.07 (95% CI −0.132 to −0.007, p = 0.028), and −0.05 (95% CI −0.086 to −0.007, p = 0.022) for suicide attempts compared to comparator.

Conclusions

This review found no significant impact of TIs on future mortality in adolescents. We also demonstrated that TIs can reduce suicide attempts which can lead to substantial benefits for adolescents, families, and clinical services.
Examining Ecology–Agriculture–Economy Nexus Shifts to Propose Win–Win–Win Pathways for Sustainable Development in Mountainous Areas: Insights From the Greenest City in China
Authors: Wang Ran , Jiang Chong , Wang Yixin , Liu Jie , Zhao Ying , Fu Wenyuan , Li Xinhua , Zhang Jie , Wang Buqing , Xiao Yuexin
Published: January 2025

Ecosystem restoration projects (ERPs) are effective methods for reversing land degradation. However, the dynamic responses of the ecology–agriculture–economy nexus to ERPs and socioeconomic development have yet to be systematically analyzed. To address this issue, we adopted an ERP hotspot as a basis for exploring the evolution regimes of sectoral variables and their determinants. ERPs facilitated vegetation restoration and strengthened carbon sequestration and soil retention, whereas grain productivity declined sharply since 2000 because of industrial and planting structure adjustments. Economic growth was accompanied by marked industrial transformation; the dominant role of the primary industry was gradually replaced by that of other industries, with the population and employment structures changing accordingly. Rural population loss weakened the agricultural production capacity, with the promotion of economic crops further degrading the dominant role of grain crops. Such nexus shifts indicated that positive progress in the ecological and economic sectors should be further optimized to reserve sufficient space for agricultural production and industrial development, instead of relying solely on expanding afforestation areas. Notably, the temporary synergic co‐evolution of nexus sectors from 2008 to 2022 is not stable because of the low grain self‐sufficiency ratio, which might threaten the sustainability of social‐ecological systems. Therefore, agricultural production efficiency must be improved through large‐scale production and improvements in agricultural production conditions to sustain the grain supply. The nexus perspective enriches our understanding of interlinkages among sectors in different phases, facilitating the formulation of coordinated strategies for regional sustainable development.
Increasing the Orthogonality of 4‐Pyridiniophenols: An NMR Study of Their Solvatomagnetism
Authors: Martínez‐Gómez Fabián , Caroli Rezende Marcos , Rodríguez‐Huenchún Valentina , Ormazábal‐Toledo Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

The 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra of three substituted N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)pyridinium perchlorates, precursors of solvatochromic 4‐pyridiniophenolate betaines, were recorded in deuterated acetone, dimethylsulfoxide, and acetonitrile, and their spectral behavior in these solvents was analyzed as evidence of the solute–solvent interactions present in solution. The effect of the increasing orthogonality between the phenolic and pyridinium fragments was clearly evident from the obtained spectra, thus shedding light on the ground‐state structures of their deprotonated solvatochromic derivatives and their interactions with the solvent.
Quantification of NAD+T1 and T2 Relaxation Times Using Downfield 1H MRS at 7 T in Human Brain In Vivo
Authors: Swago Sophia , Wilson Neil E. , Elliott Mark A. , Nanga Ravi Prakash Reddy , Reddy Ravinder , Witschey Walter R.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to measure T1 and T2 relaxation times of NAD+ proton resonances in the downfield 1H MRS spectrum in human brain at 7 T in vivo and to assess the propagation of relaxation time uncertainty in NAD+ quantification. Downfield spectra from eight healthy volunteers were acquired at multiple echo times to measure T2 relaxation times, and saturation recovery data were acquired to measure T1 relaxation times. The downfield acquisition used a spectrally selective 90° sinc pulse for excitation centered at 9.1 ppm with a bandwidth of 2 ppm, followed by a 180° spatially selective Shinnar–Le Roux refocusing pulse for localization. Uncertainty propagation analysis on metabolite quantification was performed analytically and with Monte Carlo simulation. [NAD+] was quantified in five participants. The mean ± standard deviation of T1 relaxation times of the H2, H6, and H4 NAD+ protons were 205.6 ± 25.7, 211.6 ± 33.5, and 237.3 ± 42.4 ms, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation of T2 relaxation times of the H2, H6, and H4 protons were 33.6 ± 7.4, 29.1 ± 4.7, and 42.3 ± 11.6 ms, respectively. The relative uncertainty in NAD+ concentration due to relaxation time uncertainty was 8.4%–11.4%, and measured brain [NAD+] (N = 5) was 0.324 ± 0.050 mM. Using downfield spectrally selective spectroscopy with single‐slice localization, we found T1 and T2 relaxation times averaged across all NAD+ resonances to be approximately 218 and 35 ms, respectively, in the human brain in vivo at 7 T.
Long‐term impact of exposure to Royal Guard, a pyriproxyfen‐based bed net, on pyrethroid‐resistant malaria vectors from Cameroon using DNA‐based metabolic resistance markers
Authors: Ngongang‐Yipmo Emilie S , Tchouakui Magellan , Menze Benjamin D , Tiomela Riccado F , Fofie Derrick , Ngannang‐Fezeu Vanessa B , Mugenzi Jean L , Njiokou Flobert , Wondji Charles S
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Escalating pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors highlights the urgency of implementing new control tools incorporating non‐pyrethroid molecules. Here, using DNA‐based metabolic resistance markers, we assessed the efficacy of the dual active ingredients net Royal Guard against pyrethroids‐resistant malaria vectors in Cameroon, establishing its long‐term impact on mosquitoes' life traits after exposure.

RESULTS

Cone assays revealed low efficacy of Royal Guard against field Anopheles populations. However, analysis of the survival curves revealed that unexposed mosquitoes lived longer (11.4 ± 0.4 days) than those exposed to Royal Guard (7.9 ± 0.2 days) (χ2 = 6; P = 0.05), indicating that despite the lower immediate mortality observed against resistant mosquitoes, there is a long‐term effect on Anopheles funestus longevity. High blood‐feeding inhibition rate was observed (44–80% versus 11–41%), indicating that this net has a negative impact on blood meal intake. Additionally, female mosquitoes exposed to this net exhibited a 25% reduction in oviposition, 18.30% reduction in fecundity, 8.10% reduction in offspring, and a 74.74% infertility rate compared to the control. Genotyping of key resistance markers revealed that, metabolic markers and L1014F‐Kdrw are associated with the reduced efficacy observed, with homozygote‐resistant mosquitoes significantly more able to survive and live longer after exposure than homozygote‐susceptible mosquitoes (odds ratio = 15.79; confidence interval = 5.35–43.27; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

This study revealed that although pyrethroid‐resistant mosquitoes have higher ability to survive and live longer after exposure to Royal Guard, this net significantly affects their lifespan, blood‐feeding ability and interestingly reduces their fecundity/fertility. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Competing and Anisotropic Exchange Interactions in the Kagome Lattice Ferromagnet Co3Sn2S2
Authors: Barua Arup , Liu Hengzhou , Knapp Sean , Boegel Chevy , Carrera Samuel Langelund , Mapara Varun , Karaiskaj Denis , Romestan Zachary , Bhat Soumya S. , Romero Aldo H. , Mozaffari Shirin , Cothrine Matthew , Mandrus David , Yan Jiaqiang
Published: January 2025

The kagome lattice ferromagnet, Co3Sn2S2, serves as template for a host of materials that exhibit exotic topological states, as well as a giant anomalous Hall state—a momentous realization in condensed matter physics. The anisotropic exchange interactions are probed by applying external magnetic fields in various directions along major crystal axes and the magneto‐optical response is recorded. When magnetic fields are applied along the a–b plane, long‐range magnetism forms and grows with increasing temperature. This counterintuitive behavior does not take place when the magnetic field is applied at a slight angle off the a–b plane. In fact, the opposite effect is observed for this exact configuration, as well as for other fields arrangements. Ab initio theoretical calculations reveal that anisotropic exchange interactions are the underlying mechanism leading to this peculiar behavior. Furthermore, the long‐range ferromagnetic order along the c‐axis is thought to coexist with an antiferromagnetic, or spin glass, state in the a–b plane, before becoming paramagnetic above the Curie temperature (Tc). These two coexisting magnetic states are thought to compete as the temperature approaches Tc, with the antiferromagnetic state gaining strength compared to the ferromagnetic order.
Ultra‐Broadband Polarization‐Independent Terahertz Absorber Based on All‐Dielectric GaN Metamaterials
Authors: Qin Mingfei , Ji Shijun , Zhao Ji , Li Jingjin , Dai Handa
Published: January 2025

In this article, an ultra‐wideband wide‐angle absorber based on all dielectric gallium arsenide (GaN) is proposed. The proposed absorber comprises a all dielectric square GaN structure and a GaN substrate. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed absorber achieves over 90% ultra‐wideband absorption in the range of 0.26–1.7 THz, with a relative bandwidth of 146.9%. The ultra‐broadband absorption property of the proposed absorber is further validated by an equivalent circuit model, which agrees well with the full‐wave numerical simulation results obtained using the finite element method. The simulated electromagnetic field distribution indicates that ultra‐wideband absorption primarily originates from the excitation of Fabry–Perot interference modes and electromagnetic resonance. The proposed absorber exhibits wide‐angle incidence properties and polarization insensitivity in both transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes. Thus, the proposed GaN ultra‐wideband terahertz absorber holds significant potential for applications in fields such as imaging technology and biomedicine.
Inclusive policies and practices in higher education: A systematic literature review
Authors: Filippou Kalypso , Acquah Emmanuel O. , Bengs Anette
Published: January 2025

This systematic literature review examines research on inclusive policies and practices in higher education institutions published between 2001 and 2021. Six electronic databases (ERIC, Emerald, Web of Science, Wiley Online, Taylor & Francis Online, and Sage journal) were searched. Forty‐three articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The results suggest that the number of studies on inclusive policies and practices in higher education is gradually increasing. Research on inclusion in higher education primarily focuses on policies, practices and accessibility. Studies reviewed delve into national, regional and university‐level policies. Practices mainly related to curriculum, teaching and learning, and accessibility. The curriculum was projected as critical in facilitating inclusive practices in higher education. The curriculum must be learner‐centred, promote collaboration, use flexible assessment, and provide individual course guides and flexible and expanded learning opportunities for all students. Teaching must be differentiated, use multi‐methods and assessments, and be orchestrated in a conducive atmosphere. Accessibility in terms of physical structures, social environment, attitudinal and digital provision was critical to ensure the inclusion of people who identified as disabled. The findings culminate in the development of an inclusive higher education framework. Implications for research and practice in higher education are highlighted.

Context and implications

Rationale for this study: This study addresses the lack of a research‐based framework and knowledge on inclusive policies and practices that support students' access and success throughout their studies.

Why the new findings matter: The findings provide a comprehensive framework of policies at the national, regional and university level, and of curriculum, teaching and learning, and accessibility practices.

Implications for practitioners, policy makers, researchers and general public: Policy makers, university teachers and administration staff can use the framework to assess and reflect on the current policies and practices, but also to develop policies and practices that enhance inclusion in higher education. Considering the framework and the ‘best practices’ focus, university students and the general public can request the implementation of these policies and practices in their higher education institutions. Researchers are provided with a thorough analysis of relevant research work and can respond to the calls for more policy‐focused research at the regional and national level and more studies on socially marginalised groups.