bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of HCCCO and C5O in TMC-1 with the QUIJOTE line survey
Authors: Cernicharo J. , Agúndez M. , Cabezas C. , Tercero B. , Marcelino N. , Fuentetaja R. , Pardo J. R. , de Vicente P.
Published: December 2021

We report on the detection, for the first time in space, of the radical HCCCO and of pentacarbon monoxide, C5O. The derived column densities are (1.6 ± 0.2) × 1011 cm−2 and (1.5 ± 0.2) × 1010 cm−2, respectively. We have also analysed the data for all the molecular species of the families HCnO and CnO within our QUIJOTE’s line survey. Upper limits are obtained for HC4O, HC6O, C4O, and C6O. We report a robust detection of HC5O and HC7O based on 14 and 12 rotational lines detected with a signal-to-noise ratio ≥30 and ≥5, respectively. The derived N(HC3O)/N(HC5O) abundance ratio is 0.09 ± 0.03, while N(C3O)/N(C5O) is 80 ± 2, and N(HC5O)/N(HC7O) is 2.2 ± 0.3. As opposed to the cyanopolyyne family, HC2n + 1N, which shows a continuous decrease in the abundances with increasing n, the CnO and HCnO species show a clear abundance maximum for n = 3 and 5, respectively. They also show an odd and even abundance alternation, with odd values of n being the most abundant, which is reminiscent of the behaviour of CnH radicals, where in that case species with even values of n are more abundant. We explored the formation of these species through two mechanisms previously proposed, which are based on radiative associations between CnHm+ ions with CO and reactions of Cn̄ and CnH− anions with O atoms, and we found that several species, such as C5O, HC4O, and HC6O, are significantly overestimated. Our understanding of how these species are formed is incomplete as of yet. Other routes based on neutral-neutral reactions such as those of Cn and CnH carbon chains with O, OH, or HCO, could be behind the formation of these species.
Effect of operating conditions on a heavy truck ride comfort with hydro-pneumatic suspension system
Authors: Long Le Xuan , Ha Dang Viet , Van Quynh Le , Van Cuong Bui , Niem Vu Thanh
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of the hydro-pneumatic suspension system (HPSs) of a mining dump truck on ride comfort under operating conditions. To achieve goals, a 3-D full-vehicle vibration model of a mining dump truck with 10 degrees of freedom is set up to analyze the effects. A nonlinear mathematical model is set up based on the nonlinear characteristics of the HPSs to determine their vertical force which is connected with a 3-D full-vehicle vibration model. The effects of operating conditions on a heavy truck ride comfort are respectively analyzed through the values of the root mean square of acceleration responses of the vertical cab, pitch and roll angles of cab (awc, awphi and awteta). The analysis results indicate that the survey conditions have a great influence on vehicle ride comfort. Especially, the values of awc, awphi and awteta with the poor road surface condition respectively reduce by 43.1%, 45.9% and 61.8% compared to the very poor road surface condition at vehicle speed of 30 km/h and full load.
The continuation method for calculation of continuous beams of arbitrary bending rigidity
Authors: Verameichyk Andrei , Mazyrka Mikhael , Khvisevich Vitaliy
Published: December 2021

This article presents an effective mathematical continuation method for the numerical implementation of the multipoint boundary value problem, to which the calculation of a beam of arbitrary rigidity at any of its supports is reduced. The problem can be treated as a direct one in the matter of constructing an optimal design based on beam systems. A test example of the calculation is given.
Andragogical principles in teaching professional foreign languages: challenges and perspectives
Authors: Naumova Natalia Aleksandrovna , Yudina Natalya Vladimirovna
Published: December 2021

The research shares the experience of the Vladimir branch of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation in applying the andragogical principles in distance learning and teaching a professional foreign language for part-time and night school students. The research is aimed at considering the specific social and psychological features with a different nature of goal-setting, learning process and its outcomes in the adult student environment which are likely to cause the barriers, as well as the ways to reduce them during the pandemic of COVID-19 and an overall switch to distance learning. The subject matter is focused on the specific obstacles which prevent adult students from successful building of language skills. The research methods include monitoring, interviewing and content analysis. The outcomes showed that the andragogical principles of the adult students, including a student-oriented motivation, focus on personal individualization, mutual interactive activity with the teacher, immediate implementation of learning outcomes, might be available to eliminate the barriers and shift the focus to practical ways of learning and teaching a professional foreign language. The outcomes of the research have practical use in arranging online learning of part-time and night school students in the Vladimir branch of Financial University. The experience is recommended to be considered for the adult target audience to enhance their motivation for building professional foreign language skills.
Identifying difficulties in teaching foreign language speaking in the online environment
Authors: Potemkina Tatiana Valeryevna , Bondareva Lilia Vladimirovna , Shchaveleva Ekaterina Nikolayevna , Saulembekova Dana Serikovna , Le Thi Hue
Published: December 2021

The digital transformation of education has been causing dramatic changes in the organization and curriculum of the educational process. The problem of mastering foreign language speaking skills by university students in distance learning format has been attracting growing attention in academic circles worldwide. In addition to the technical difficulties faced by the stakeholders of the online learning process, there has been an increasing focus on other related factors, including psychological barriers and emerging interaction patterns in both student-student communication and teacher-student communication. In this paper, the authors will identify the difficulties faced by the students who learn speaking skills online. A survey was conducted among students of technical specialties of the NUST MISIS University. The survey involved 16 students who were studying English online. The conducted experiment revealed several types of psychological difficulties that arise while learning to speak online. The results of the study will help improve the quality of academic programs in terms of identifying the existing gaps in designing and managing speaking classes online.
Game techniques in developmental teaching the native language
Authors: Andreeva Tamara Egorovna , Vinokurova Antonina Afanasyevna , Vinokurova Sargylana Danilovna , Nikolaeva Nadezhda Prokopyevna , Struchkov Kirill Namsaraevich
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to show the possibility of in-depth teaching of the native language in an educational institution, the formation of communicative competence in children, the core of which is in communication skills; introducing students to a new social experience by playing various roles in the Evenk language in educational and game situations through didactic materials, including gaming techniques based on the Evenk language materials. Research hypothesis: gaming techniques in the classroom will form ideas about the native language as a means of knowing one’s culture, promote in-depth teaching of the native language, stimulate the development of productive communication skills, gaining experience; motivate to learn the native language; purposefully listen to the teacher (classmates) when solving a cognitive task; help to obtain communicative results (communication skills by types of speech activity, conducting dialogues and monologues, etc.). The material was various scientific research on pedagogy, the experience of teachers of native languages applied in practice. The expected results of mastering the course “Native language (on the materials of the Evenk language”) will form communicative, linguistic, socio-cultural, educational and cognitive competencies. In the learning process, didactic and creative games, visual aids, dramatization of fairy tales, etc. will be used. Didactic games, if used appropriately and included in the educational process competently, can become an effective means of enhancing the activities of students in the lessons of their native language (on the example of the Evenk language); help to create a language environment while working with senior participants, thus contributing to the development of the native speech of students, as they become active participants themselves. Games can be viewed as a means of developmental teaching, as a means of realizing entertaining learning, acquiring specific practical skills in children, as well as instilling in children a love of knowledge in general, as well as the native language and culture of the people.
Differences in assessment methods of face-to-face and online learning
Authors: Glushkova Nadezhda Mamatkulovna , Apresyan Karine Henrickovna , Mironova Daria Aleksandrovna , Lyubimova Tatiana Nikolaevna , Chernyishkova Natalya Vladimirovna
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of differences in assessment methods of face-to face and online learning of a foreign language in higher education, in particular, the issue of the effectiveness of the assessment techniques used in different formats. Numerous questions that accompanied foreign language online learning in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 academic years, as well as contradictory reviews about the assessment methods of students’ knowledge were the prerequisites of the study. The experience demonstrated that online learning differs significantly from face-to-face learning in a number of requirements for teachers and students. The aim of the study is to modify traditional methods of students’ knowledge evaluation and assessment in the form of credits or examinations towards greater independence and objectivity and achieve the autonomy of the assessment process. We carried a survey of students’ opinions on the effectiveness of the forms of assessment adopted at the higher education. Based on the survey results, recommendations are made for improving methods of students’ knowledge assessment system with respect to the educational format. The conclusions made on the basis of data analysis provide a number of changes in the methods of online assessment both in the educational process at higher education and in staff training programs.
Ascending tones as signifiers of cultural identity in northern England
Authors: Demina Malvina Aleksandrovna , Shishova Polina Kirillovna
Published: December 2021

This study investigates prosodic patterns in dialects of Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle and Leeds that distinguish northern English pronunciation from other regional types. The authors argue that melodic cues can act as signifiers of northern English cultural identity. The empirical research included auditory and acoustic analyses of authentic speech recordings of four female and four male speakers from the listed above urban centres in northern England. The research primarily concerned intonational means and prosodic parameters of fundamental frequency (F0) and pitch range. The findings revealed both individual characteristics of each dialect and regional distinctive features common for northern speech in general with a special regard to intergender variation. The results of the research showed that the distribution of melodic patterns in northern English speech is different from the standard British pronunciation and is mainly characterized by the frequent use of rising contours in affirmative utterances. The detailed acoustic analysis of configuration and pitch range of such ascending tunes allowed the authors to describe four main variants of rising intonation in final sense-groups of declaratives. These specific melodic cues of oral speech make it possible to identify a northerner and take into account this sociocultural context, as well as other conventional implicatures in the process of cross-cultural verbal interaction.
Lärm und Luftverschmutzung: Ihr Einfluss auf psychische Erkrankungen
Authors: Beutel Manfred , Möhler Tobias
Published: December 2021

Immer mehr Studien belegen die Einflüsse von Lärm und Luftverschmutzung als bedeutsame Umweltrisikofaktoren für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen. Weniger gut geklärt ist, wie diese Faktoren die psychische Gesundheit beeinflussen. Aktuelle Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass Umgebungslärm (vor allem Verkehrslärm) und verschiedene Bestandteile von Luftverschmutzung (vor allem Feinstaub) das Risiko für psychische Erkrankungen, insbesondere Depressionen und Angststörungen, erhöhen können. Pathophysiologische Mechanismen umfassen das enge Zusammenspiel von biologischen (wie oxidativem Stress und Inflammation) und psychosozialen Faktoren (wie mentalem Stress, subjektive Lärmbelästigung und -sensitivität). Umweltrisikofaktoren wie Lärm- und Luftverschmutzung können einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit ausüben. Aufgrund der teils heterogenen Studienergebnisse und der limitierten Verfügbarkeit von methodisch hochwertigen Längsschnittstudien sind zwingend weitere
Untersuchungen notwendig, um die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen zu verstehen und präventive Maßnahmen abzuleiten.
Knowledge of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Its Complications, and Management among Lebanese Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Al Souheil Farah , Chahine Bahia
Published: December 2021

Introduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multi-spectrum disease where a failure to address it correctly can result in various clinical complications. This study aimed to assess the Lebanese women's knowledge and perceptions of PCOS and its management.

Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included women whose ages ranged between 18 and 45 years. Women's demographic characteristics, reproductive health, knowledge, and perception of PCOS were analyzed through an online validated questionnaire.

Results Among the 450 included women, 196 (43.6%) had good knowledge about PCOS. The majority of participants were aware that menstrual irregularity is a symptom of PCOS, 327 (72.7%), while only 231 (51.3%) women knew that PCOS may lead to infertility. Almost two-thirds of women were aware of the contribution of metformin, diet, and exercise in refining the progress of the disease. More than 60% of participants believed that PCOS patients need social support and have a low body image. Married women (p < 0.001) and those with undergraduate/ postgraduate degrees (p < 0.001) had better PCOS knowledge.

Conclusion A significant percentage of Lebanese women have inadequate knowledge of PCOS and its complications.
Application of Electrocardiogram Localization during Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Line Insertion into the Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava of Neonates
Authors: Wu Liyuan , Wan Lijia , Peng Min , Cao Tian , Wang Qin , He Xiaori
Published: December 2021

Background Most neonates with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) have no clinical symptoms or hemodynamic changes, and this anomaly is only found during cardiac catheterization, pacemaker implantation, or central venous catheterization. Electrocardiogram (ECG) localization is helpful for the application of the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) technique in neonates with PLSVC.

Objective To explore the characteristic waveforms of the P wave when a PICC under ECG localization is applied in neonates with PLSVC.

Study Design The observation and management strategies for the P wave changes during catheter insertion (CI) of two neonates with PLSVC admitted to our institution between January and July 2020, who underwent PICC line insertion, were summarized.

Results The characteristic P wave changes in two children with a PICC line inserted via the PLSVC were observed. When a wide inverted P wave appeared on ECG, the catheter was immediately withdrawn by 0.5 cm, a bidirectional P wave gradually appeared and then disappeared. After that, the catheter was further withdrawn by 0.5 cm. After catheterization, the optimal position of the PICC was confirmed by X-ray photography and bedside B-ultrasound. The PICC line was removed as scheduled after indwelling for 18 and 29 days, respectively, in the two cases, and no PICC-related complications occurred during indwelling.

Conclusion The characteristic P wave changes on ECG during CI provide important clinical reference values for the application of the PICC technique under ECG localization in neonates with PLSVC.

Key Points
Continuous-flow reactor setup for operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy of high pressure heterogeneous liquid–solid catalytic processes
Authors: Deschner Benedikt J. , Doronkin Dmitry E. , Sheppard Thomas L. , Rabsch Georg , Grunwaldt Jan-Dierk , Dittmeyer Roland
Published: December 2021

A continuous-flow reactor and a continuous-flow setup compatible with operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were designed for safely studying liquid-phase reactions on solid high atomic number transition metal catalysts (e.g., Au, Pd, and Pt) under pressures up to 100 bars with temperatures up to 100 °C. The reactor has a stainless-steel body, 2 mm thick polyether ether ketone (PEEK) x-ray windows, and a low internal volume of 0.31 ml. The rectangular chamber (6 × 5 × 1 mm3) between the PEEK x-ray windows allows us to perform XAS studies of packed beds or monoliths in the transmission mode at any position in the cell over a length of 60 mm. A 146° wide-angle beam access also allows recording complementary x-ray fluorescence or x-ray diffraction signals. The setup was engineered to continuously feed a single-phase liquid flow saturated with one or more gaseous reactants to the liquid–solid XAS reactor containing no free gas phase for enhanced process safety and sample homogeneity. The proof of concept for the continuous-flow XAS cell and high-pressure setup was provided by operando XAS measurements during the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide at room temperature and 40 bars using a 35 ± 5 mg catalyst (1 wt. % Pd/TiO2) and inline near-infrared spectroscopy. The experiments prove that the system is well suited to follow the reaction in the liquid phase while recording high-quality XAS data, paving the way for detailed studies on the catalyst structure and structure–activity relationships.
Polarization vector formalism of plasma weak turbulence
Authors: Yoon Peter H.
Published: December 2021

This paper formulates the plasma weak turbulent theory based on the unit electric field polarization vector. This concept is not intrinsically new, and partial formulations of weak turbulence processes based on the polarization vector approach are found in the literature. However, the present paper applies such a method uniformly to all the relevant processes for the first time, thus unifying the existing formalisms. The present result potentially provides many advantages including the fact that it facilitates the complex manipulations of various tensor coupling coefficients that dictate the wave–wave and nonlinear wave–particle interactions. To demonstrate its validity, the limit of unmagnetized plasmas is considered, and it is shown that the known results are recovered. The present formalism can be extended to more complex situations including magnetized plasmas, which is a subject of future work.
Effect of boron nitride defects and charge inhomogeneity on 1/f noise in encapsulated graphene
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Das Anindya
Published: December 2021

Low frequency 1/f noise is investigated in graphene, encapsulated between the hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) substrate in dual gated geometry. The overall noise magnitude is smaller as compared to graphene on the Si/SiO2 substrate. The noise amplitude in the hole doped region is independent of carrier density, while in the electron doped region, a pronounced peak is observed at Fermi energy, EF∼90 meV. The physical mechanism of the anomalous noise peak in the electron doped region is attributed to the impurity states originating from the Carbon atom replacing the nitrogen site in the hBN crystal. Furthermore, the noise study near the Dirac point shows a characteristic “M-shape,” which is found to be strongly correlated with the charge inhomogeneity region near the Dirac point.
Effect of hydrogen bond donor molecules ethylene glycerol and lactic acid on electrochemical interfaces in choline chloride based-deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Wu Jiedu , Liu Shuai , Tan Zhuo , Guo Yuting , Zhou Jianzhang , Mao Bingwei , Yan Jiawei
Published: December 2021

Choline chloride (ChCl)-based-deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are widely used in electrochemical fields. In this work, the effect of two types of hydrogen bond donor (HBD) molecules, ethylene glycerol and lactic acid (LA), on electrochemical interfaces between the Au electrode and DESs has been investigated by employing voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The anodic dissolution and passivation behaviors of the Au electrode are revealed in both ethaline and ChCl:LA. In ChCl:LA, the anodic dissolution of Au is slowed down, and the passivation film is relatively dense and stable due to the existence of the carboxyl group in HBD molecule LA. In the double layer region, the lifting and formation of Au(111) surface reconstruction and a disorder–order phase transition of the chloride ion adlayer were observed in the two DESs. Moreover, compared with ethaline, an extra pair of current peaks appears in ChCl–LA possibly due to the adsorption and desorption of LA on the Au(111) surface, which might imply the stronger interaction of LA with the Au electrode in ChCl:LA. HBD LA could even have marked an impact on the disorder–order phase transition of the chloride ion adlayer. The above results provide new insight into the significant effect of HBD molecules on the anodic dissolution and the passivation of the Au electrode and the electrochemical behaviors in the double layer region.
A new method for spinning projectile aerodynamic estimation: Extreme learning machine optimized by adaptive particle swarm
Authors: Guan Jun , Yi Wenjun , Xia Youran
Published: December 2021

Aiming at the problem of aerodynamic parameter identification of a spinning projectile, an adaptive particle swarm optimization for the extreme learning machine algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm uses the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the hidden layer weight and threshold of the extreme learning machine to avoid the problem of unstable identification results caused by the random weight and threshold of the traditional extreme learning machine. The free flight data of the projectile are generated by numerical simulation, and the aerodynamic parameters of a projectile are identified by the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively identify the aerodynamic parameters of the projectile, and it has high identification accuracy and fast convergence speed. The proposed algorithm is suitable for engineering applications.
Ultralow thermal conductivity and thermoelectric properties of Bi4GeTe7 with an intrinsic van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Singh Niraj Kumar , Kashyap Ankit , Soni Ajay
Published: December 2021

Ternary chalcogenides, having large crystalline unit cells and van der Waals stacking of layers, are expected to be poor thermal conductors and good thermoelectric (TE) materials. We are reporting that layered Bi4GeTe7 with alternating quintuplet-septuplet layers of Bi2Te3 and Bi2GeTe4 has an ultralow thermal conductivity of κtotal ∼ 0.42 W m−1 K−1 because of a high degree of anharmonicity as estimated from the large Gru¨neisen parameter (γ ∼ 4.07) and low Debye temperature (θd ∼ 135 K). The electron dominated charge transport has been realized from the Seebeck coefficient, S ∼ −82 μV/K, at 380 K and a Hall carrier concentration of ne ∼ 9.8 × 1019 cm−3 at 300 K. Observation of weak antilocalization due to the spin–orbit coupling of heavy Bi and Te also advocates Bi4GeTe7 to be a topological quantum material. The cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images show the inherent stacking of hetero-layers, which are leading to a large anharmonicity for poor phonon propagation. Thus, being a poor thermal conductor with a TE figure of merit, ZT ∼ 0.24, at 380 K, Bi4GeTe7 is a good material for TE applications.
Identification and characterization of an atypical Gαs-biased β
2
AR agonist that fails to evoke airway smooth muscle cell tachyphylaxis
Authors: Kim Donghwa , Tokmakova Alina , Lujan Lauren K. , Strzelinski Hannah R. , Kim Nicholas , Najari Beidokhti Maliheh , Giulianotti Marc A. , Mafi Amirhossein , Woo Jung-A A. , An Steven S. , Goddard William A. , Liggett Stephen B.
Published: December 2021

Significance

We sought β
2
AR agonists for treating obstructive lung diseases such as asthma, in which this receptor relaxes airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and opens airways. Agonists favoring Gs coupling (leads to airway relaxation) compared with activating β-arrestin (limits effectiveness due to receptor desensitization) were pursued in a 40-million-compound screening library. Of several agonists identified, one was apparently biased away from β-arrestin. Agonist–receptor–G protein modeling revealed different receptor interactions compared with other agonists. The favorable effects of the apparent biasing with this agonist were demonstrated in a physiologic system (ASM relaxation). These studies point to a different structural class of β-agonists that might be used to treat obstructive lung diseases without the adverse effects associated with tachyphylaxis.
Accelerating strain phenotyping with desorption electrospray ionization-imaging mass spectrometry and untargeted analysis of intact microbial colonies
Authors: Ellis Berkley M. , Babele Piyoosh K. , May Jody C. , Johnson Carl H. , Pfleger Brian F. , Young Jamey D. , McLean John A.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Synthetic biology has entered an era in which reading and writing DNA sequences are no longer rate-limiting steps in microbial strain engineering. Indeed, analytical methods measuring the resulting metabolic outcomes of specific gene edits have lagged behind the ability to generate new recombinant strains. Herein, we report a mass spectrometry strategy to accelerate these analytical workflows by directly analyzing metabolites and molecules produced from engineered microorganisms in a multiplexed process. Using untargeted acquisitions and unsupervised analytics, we assess the molecular features that change across discrete strains including primary target species, secondary products, and species outside the engineered fatty acid biosynthesis pathway.
An upper bound on one-to-one exposure to infectious human respiratory particles
Authors: Bagheri Gholamhossein , Thiede Birte , Hejazi Bardia , Schlenczek Oliver , Bodenschatz Eberhard
Published: December 2021

Significance

Wearing face masks and maintaining social distance are familiar to many people around the world during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Evidence suggests that these are effective ways to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is not clear how exactly the risk of infection is affected by wearing a mask during close personal encounters or by social distancing without a mask. Our results show that face masks significantly reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to social distancing. We find a very low risk of infection when everyone wears a face mask, even if it doesn’t fit perfectly on the face.
Cow-to-cow variation in nanocrystal synthesis: learning from technical-grade oleylamine
Authors: Lang Erin N , Claridge Shelley A
Published: December 2021

Many technical-grade reagents, including oleylamine, are broadly used as ligands in nanocrystal synthesis, allowing for cost-effective, and more environmentally friendly, preparation of materials in useful quantities. Impurities can represent 30% or more of these reagent blends, and have frequently emerged as substantial drivers of nanocrystal morphology, assembly, or other physical properties, making it important to understand their composition. Some functional alkyl reagents are derived from natural sources (e.g. often beef tallow, in the case of oleylamine), introducing alkyl chain structures very different than those that might be expected as side products of synthesis from pure feedstocks. Additionally, impurities can exhibit variations based on biological factors (e.g. species, diet, season). In biology, blends of alkyl chains allow for surprisingly sophisticated function of amphiphiles in the cell membrane, pointing to the possibility of similar control in synthetic materials if reagent composition were either better controlled or better understood. Here, we provide brief context on the breadth of roles technical-grade impurities have played in nanocrystal materials, followed by a perspective on oleylamine impurities, their physical properties, and their potential contributions to nanomaterial function.
GIS and RS based analysis of LULCC in Indian Himalayan
Authors: Azad Sapna , Singh Kanwarpreet
Published: December 2021

Land use is the main essential resource of the total ecological system.. Analysing LULCC is important for a vast range of applications such as landslide, land planning etc. In this study, LULCC have been considered for a period of 20 years (2000-2021) using RS and GIS based analysis of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. Supervised classification technique is used to analyse LANDSAT images from the year 2000 to 2021. The output is identified and changes in land use pattern was obtained for each successive imagery and final changes were obtain by comparing 2000 and 2021 usgs data. The result obtained indicate a major change in the growth. Thickly vegetated land reduced from 95.52% to 20.22% in the year 2021 whereas the Moderately Vegetated land reduced from 60.25% to 10.50%. In the year 2021, The Urban Land increased from 75.65% to 180.50% while the agricultural land is also increased from 70.63% to 190.25%. Barren Land also gets increased from 65.25% to 150.23%.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping along Manipur-Assam NH-37
Authors: Khaidem Sukhajit , Singh Kanwarpreet
Published: December 2021

Landslides are a natural hazard in steep places that occur regularly and cause significant damage. To avoid and minimise hazards, comprehensive landslide remediation and control, landslide assessment, and hazard zonation are required. Various methods are established based on different assessment methodologies, which are essentially split into qualitative and quantitative approaches. GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping was carried out along the National Highway 37, which connects Assam and Manipur and is a vital lifeline for the state, to identify and demarcate possible failure zones. A field visit was used to create a landslide inventory map along the road network. Google Earth and LANDSAT satellite imagery To perform landslide susceptibility zonation, thematic layers of several landslide causative elements were constructed in the study region. The study region has been divided into five endangered zones i.e. (“very low, low, moderate, high, and extremely high”). The landslide susceptibility zonation map was validated using the AUC and landslide density methods. The final map will be helpful to a variety of stakeholders, including town planners, engineers, geotechnical engineers, and geologists, for development and construction in the study region.
Effect on CBR Values with Addition of Coir Geotextile and Marble Dust in Silty Sands
Authors: Singh Maninder , Kamboj Sachin , Jain Kunal , Singh S.K.
Published: December 2021

The subgrade is the foundation of pavement. The conventional method of replacing weak soil with good soil can cause an increase in the cost of a project. Due to this reason ground improvement techniques are much popular nowadays. The major goal of this research work is to compare California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values of the virgin soil and soil reinforced with coir geotextile in one layer and a combination of two layers at different heights from the top surface of the soil. To see the change in CBR values one layer of coir geotextile was reinforced at three different heights (i.e., H/3; H/2 and 2H/3). After that, the effect on CBR values by reinforcement of combination of two layers of coir geotextile at different heights (i.e., H/3 and H/2; H/2 and 2H/3; and H/3 and 2H/3) from the top surface of the soil was studied. Thereafter, the soil is replaced by various percentages of marble dust ranging from 10% to 25% with an increment of 5% and again CBR values of soil samples reinforced with one layer of coir geotextile and a combination of two layers of geotextile at three different heights were compared with virgin soil. The test results reviewed that the maximum dry density (MDD) decreased and optimum moisture content (OMC) increased with the replacement of marble dust in the soil. The CBR test results specify an enhancement of the value of CBR with the addition of coir geotextile and marble dust. The maximum value of CBR is obtained when one layer of coir geotextile was introduced at the height of H/3 and in the case of a combination of two layers of coir geotextile maximum CBR values is obtained when the coir geotextile was introduced at a height of H/3 and 2H/3 from the top surface of the soil.
Effect of Fine Glass and Quartzite Powder on Microstructure and Strength Properties of Concrete
Authors: Sharma Kanav , Singh Khushpreet
Published: December 2021

Concrete is a vital construction material. It consumes a high number of natural resources like water, sand, and stones. Due to the increase in human population, the demand for new construction is at its peak and increasing day by day. Due to this, we utilize many natural resources. Researchers and scientists are searching for different ways in which they can reduce the amount or find alternates for use of other materials in the manufacture industry. The use of waste materials is one of them. In this, research has been done by using Waste glass powder and Quartzite powder in concrete to find alternates or partial replacements for natural resources in concrete. It was found that the joined effective use of glass powder and quartzite powder in concrete permitted the substitution of up to 15% glass powder and 30% quartzite powder. Various effects of these materials on concrete are discussed like effects on strength Characteristics, and microstructure studies like X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). This study includes research and literature study from various journals paper and then the conclusion was made up.
Experimental Investigation on concrete containing E-waste as course aggregate
Authors: Gupta Bibek Kumar , singh Sandeep
Published: December 2021

Electrical and Electronic waste (e-waste) is increasing rapidly in the world, and is passing severe toxic waste issues to the human beings and the environment. About 80% to 85% of various electronic items, wastes are decomposed in landfills which might include or discharge lethal gases into air, may have an effect on human beings and environment. For solving and minimizing the discarding of huge quantity E-waste substance, recycle of E-waste materials in concrete production is well thought-out as the mainly possible purpose. It helps to eliminate the concrete materials deficiency issues that are currently going on in construction industry and it also helps to develop the strength of concrete mix and decrease the rate of concrete. In the current study, a novel attempt has been made by adding optimum weight polypropylene fiber with partial replacement of 20 mm E-waste particles as course aggregate. E-waste with pp fiber is employed in concrete in order to improve the strength of concrete mix. The work was carried out on M35 grade concrete specimen (without use of E-waste particles and pp fibers) and with a partial substitution of course aggregates with E-waste particles in range of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% with respect to the weight of aggregate and pp fibers in the range of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% with respect to the weight of cement. Comp. strength, Tensile strength and flexural strength of fibrous concrete with E-waste materials and not including e-waste materials as course aggregates was experimented which presented an excellent strength gain.
Improving Rutting Resistance of Flexible Pavement Structure By Using Waste Plastic
Authors: Dhiman Ankit , Arora Nitin
Published: December 2021

On these days traffic is increasing faster rate on roads then various type of defects are produced on road that is rutting, raveling etc A pavement structure have different layers purpose to transfered traffic loads to the sub grade. Rutting is one of the pavement distresses that effects the performance of road pavements. Waste plastic is the type of materials to use for improving the performance of flexible pavements against rutting. In this study utilization of waste plastic water bottles, cold drink bottles, polythene bags, parcel package polythene and films. This waste material clean and shredded small particles (1-3cm) sizes. Aggregate heated 170-200° and mix particles with different percentage (3%, 5%, 7%) properly coated on hot aggregate. This plastic waste coated aggregate is also mixed with hot bitumen. And perform some laboratory test (impact value test, moisture absorption test, marshal value test) on the sample and check the property of rutting resistance.
Comparative Study of Seismic Analysis of Vertically Irregular R.C. Frame using INDIAN and EURO Code
Authors: Jaspreet kour , Jagdish Chand
Published: December 2021

This research article carried out on comparison of codes (Indian and Euro) for seismic behaviour of R.C building frame. The main cause for the earthquake occurred in the R.C. building, if there is any irregularity in the structure and, if the structure is not constructed with proper strength, and not appropriately designed, which causes the structures to completely collapse. It is critical to understand seismic analysis and construct earthquake resistance structures for the safety of a multi-story building against seismic forces. It has been observed that the Gulf countries’ construction requirements are primarily based on EURO standards. So that we analyse an R.C building frame of G+22 with vertical geometry irregularity using comparison with EURO standards and INDIAN standards. The response of the building is being calculated by the Response Spectrum approach with the help of ETABS software. The calculated results of an irregular building are then characterized graphically and in tabular form. This research paper concentrated on the variations in outcomes found by using these codes i.e., Indian & Euro code. This comparative result is performed in the form of Storey Drifts, Overturning moment, Storey shear, and Storey Displacement in the X, and Y direction.
Concrete Filled Double Skinned Tubular Columns Subjected to Different Loading Conditions
Authors: Bhatia Sakshi , Kumar Tiwary Aditya
Published: December 2021

The meteoric growth in light weight structures have opened on doors to many revolutionary concepts and innovations. Studies have manifested that the lowered weight of the structures somehow help to fight the material cost with a better seismic performance. The hollow core structures aimed reducing the structural weight with an improved structural performance as well. The Concrete filled double steel tubes (CFDST) can be taken as amalgamation of Hollow core columns and CFST i.e. single skinned columns. The co-relation of CFST and Hollow core columns gave birth to Concrete filled double skinned tubular columns (CFDST) which can possess the advantages of both the concepts. A sedulous review of concrete filled double skinned columns is being conveyed through this article. The behavior of confined concrete as well as the confining inner and outer steel in the CFDST model and its overall structural behavior is being succinctly reviewed in this article and a simultaneous comparison of CFDST columns to solid concrete/conventional columns is also being carried out where required.
Foundation engineering for offshore gravity structures
Authors: Magray Adil Ahmad , Tangri Amanpreet , Khan Zehra , Khan Naiyara
Published: December 2021

Gravity based structures are in play from early times. Numerous structures are being installed around the globe. These structures had shown a rigid face towards the harsh conditions/situation in the offshore environment. The key factors for sustainability are geotechnical design and the sub soil survey. These structures are used for collection, transport and also for temporary storage of crude gas and oil. These structures serve as a bridge between the much need fuel and the modern world. The installation of GBS involves major wings of modern engineering i.e. Mechanical, Structural, architecture and Geotechnical engineering because these structures are a great challenge as considering the harsh and hard off shore conditions. These structures are having a much importance apart from its features i.e. from the point of economy, as the oil prices are touching the heights, it influences construction of GBS. Now a days most of the multinational companies are focusing towards the construction of offshore GBS, as well as paying much attention on research work off these structures because to make huge profit. In this paper an effort has been made to understand the different aspects which are related to GBS i.e. pre-construction operations, soil investigation, construction, installment and some of the safety aspects as considering it one of the most focused topics now and in future.
Response spectrum analysis of irregular shaped high rise buildings under combined effect of plan and vertical irregularity using csi etabs
Authors: Chaudhary Krishna Prasad , Mahajan Ankit
Published: December 2021

In this research work several high rise buildings were analyzed using CSI ETABS under the influence of the response spectrum analysis over it. Several different shaped high rise buildings such as H shaped, O shaped and C shaped buildings were taken into consideration for carrying out the research work. All three shaped buildings were of different storey that is of 12 storey and of 16 storey. For proper seismic analysis of all the above discussed buildings, response spectrum method of seismic analysis were taken into consideration. The results of all the buildings for response spectrum analysis were quite different from one another and it was found that the H-shaped building showed better results as compared to the other shaped buildings. It was also seen that the 12 storey building results were quite impressive as compared to the results of the 16 storey building. With the transference of heavy mass, very little effect was seen in latera sway i.e. variation in maximum displacement was negligible. Again, for 16 storey building, maximum displacement was found in the case L-Shaped 16 storey building with the value of 87.804 mm. Again, the transference of heavy masses had a minimal effect on total quantity and cost of the 16 Storey building. In the gist, it was concluded that, bending moments and shear forces were increased from 1.17% to 1.84%. Maximum variation in B.M and S.F. can be seen in O-shaped Building. L-shaped Building produces maximum displacement from all the three irregular shapes i.e. H-shape, L-shaped and O-shaped.
A Comparative Study to assess the Air quality of Ludhiana, India amid COVID-19
Authors: Manmeet Kaur
Published: December 2021

Air quality Index (AQI) is a tool which is implemented to assess the qualitative and quantitative status of air pollutants. Four distinctive pollutants; PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 were used to compare the prevailing ambient air quality in the study region-Ludhiana, the industrial city in the north Indian state of Punjab. The AQI for Ludhiana has been compared and, the ambient air quality data for the same has been obtained for Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana from Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The data has been compared for fifteen days before and after the lockdown amid COVID-19. Air quality information uncovers that during lockdown period PM10 and PM2.5 levels were decreased by around 35 to 40%, which might be clarified as conceivable decrease from production sector, transportation, and residue. AQI of Ludhiana revealed that the primary reason for the poor air quality is P.M 10 and P.M 2.5 which significantly reduced to around 10 to 35 percent during pandemic lockdown.
Development of a bio-retention system for urban storm water management
Authors: Reddy Polimerra Venkata Koti , Kumar Pramod , John Siby
Published: December 2021

Urban stormwater that flows through all the manmade structures contains high levels of BOD TSS, orthophosphate, surfactants etc. It raises concerns of water quality in the receiving natural water courses. Bio-retention is one of the prominent methods of stormwater management for the removal of contaminants from stormwater. In this esxperimental study, a column containing mulch, blast furnace slag, sand, silt etc. was used to assess the removal of suspended solids and nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) from stormwater. The tests were conducted with a flow through period of 3, 7 and 15 days. Removal efficiency of 80% total suspended solids for 15 day, 60% nitrate for 7 days and 70% phosphorous for 3 and 7 days was observed through the column. pH variation was found to be insignificant in the range of 6-7.5.
Soil chemical characteristics and yield of red rice under aerobic irrigation system as affected by intercropping with peanut and application of organic wastes on permanent raised-beds
Authors: Kusnarta I G M , Rahmadhanti D , Dulur N W D , Wangiyana W
Published: December 2021

Intercropping with peanuts was reported to increase yield of cereal crops. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of peanut-intercropping and organic waste application on some soil chemical characteristics and red-rice yield under aerobic irrigation systems. The experiment was conducted from May to August 2020 in West Lombok (Indonesia), under Split Plot design, testing two factors, namely intercropping (T1=monocropped rice; T2=rice+peanut intercropping) in the main plots, and organic waste application (L0=without organic waste, L1=application of rice husk, L2=rice husk ash, L3=rice husk ash and cattle manure) in the subplots. Results showed that intercropping did not affect soil chemical properties but it significantly increased number of panicles and filled-grains, 100 grain weight, and grain yield of red rice per clump (31.27 g/clump under monocrop and 41.50 g/clump under intercropping with peanut). In contrast, organic waste application significantly influenced soil chemical characteristics and red-rice yield (the highest yield of 43.52 g/clump under L3). The significant interaction between factors on 100 grain weight indicated that the highest weight (2.89 g) was on intercropped red-rice under L3 treatment and the lowest one (2.18 g) was on monocropped red-rice under L2 treatment.