bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feto-Maternal Outcome in Preeclampsia in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ali Saima , Habib Aneela , Bozdar Marvi , Memon Komal , Kumari Aruna , Kazi Sarha
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Despite medical advances, eclampsia and pre-eclampsia remain the foremost reasons of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. It can lead to a host of life-threatening complications such as pre-eclampsia, cerebral haemorrhage, eclampsia, liver failure, cardiovascular complications, pulmonary edema, acute renal failure, retinal detachment, HELLP syndrome, hypoxic brain injury, cortical blindness and even maternal death. Objective: To govern the incidence of adverse feto-maternal outcomes in females with preeclampsia. Study Design: Descriptive Case Series. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Civil Hospital, Karachi. Duration of Study: This study was held from 10th March 2019 to 10th September 2019. Subjects and Methods: 212 total patients with preeclampsia were involved in the analysis. All women were followed up until delivery and adverse feto-maternal outcomes (HELLP syndrome, Eclampsia, Abruptio placentae, Cesarean Section, Post-partum Hemorrhage, Preterm birth, Birth asphyxia, Low birth weight and perinatal mortality) was noted as per operational definition. Results: Age range in this analysis was from 18 to 35 years with 29.004±2.38 years mean age, 29.641±2.73 weeks was the mean gestational age, mean parity 1.448±1.28 and mean weight was 67.768±5.55 Kg. HELLP syndrome was seen in 30.2% patients, eclampsia 9.9%, abruptio placentae 9.9%, cesarean section 56.6%, PPH 16.5%, preterm birth 28.8%, birth asphyxia 19.3%, low birth weight 21.2% and perinatal mortality was 5.7%. Conclusion: Accessible health education and medical care, and awareness of prenatal control for all women will help in the primary recognition of severe pre-eclampsia. Keywords: Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, Feto-maternal outcomes
Efficacy of Metformin Therapy in Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Fatima Sarah , Makhdoom Shafaq Ismail , Phulpoto Sasui , Qamar Areesha
Published: April 2022

Background: Earlier analysis shows that metformin is beneficial clinically in treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by reducing hyperinsulinemia. Aim: The goal of this study was to determine the importance of metformin in modifying amenorrhea/ oligomenorrhea and anovulation within six months in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperinsulinemia. Another goal was to evaluate hyperinsulinemia and weight loss with metformin in the studied people. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was held at the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi for one-year duration from July 2020 to July 2021. The study included 160 women who met the biochemical and clinical conditions for hyperinsulinemia and PCOS. Two females stopped taking the drug due to abdominal cramps, diarrhoea and nausea. Other excluding factors were inadequate adherence in one female women and use of other medications in two women. One female had anomalous levels of serum creatinine and was omitted from the analysis. So, 154 total patients were studied. 500 mg / day metformin orally was started and was held at 500 mg for six-months. FSH, serum LH, fasting insulin, fasting glucose and creatinine were measured in addition to ultrasound and body weight. After 6 months: fasting insulin levels, menstrual cycles, body weight and serum progesterone on day 21 were measured. Serum androgen levels remains high in PCOS along with Prolactin levels and the LH/FSH ratio may be greater than 2 times. So, these parameters were assessed after six months of metformin to determine the improvement in symptoms of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in PCOS and clinically with improvement in menstrual cycle. Results: Subsequently 6 months of treatment with metformin, 135 out of 154 (84%) women had regular periods, 24 of which were in the ovulation range of luteal progesterone (> 30 nmol / L). The average fasting insulin concentration among patients on metformin therapy reduced from 22.5 micro-U / ml to 21.01 micro-U / ml (p = 0.00). Keywords: PCOS, Metformin, irregular periods
The Effect of Big Toe Strength Development on Some Athletic Performance Parameter in Young Male Footballers
Authors: Sarikaya Fatih , Sahin Mustafa
Published: April 2022

Aim: To examine the development of strength exercises for the big toe in young football players and to examine the effect of this development on the athletic performance parameters (vertical jump, contact, dynamic balance) we determined. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 24 individuals, 12 experimental and 12 control groups, who played active football between the ages of 12-14. To the control and experimental group; big toe strength (BTS), vertical jump, tapping, dynamic balance tests were applied as pretest and posttest. BTS exercise was performed on the platform developed to improve the strength of the big toe, 3 days a week for 8 weeks, along with football training, in the experimental group. The control group continued football training for 8 weeks. Since the experimental and control groups of the study showed a normal distribution, it was checked whether the pretest scores of the groups were statistically different, and whether the pretest and post-test values of the experimental and control groups differed in percentage terms with the independent sample t-test. In the analysis of all hypothesis tests, the level of significance was evaluated by taking p<0.05 Results: In the 8-week strength exercise we have done to the participants in the experimental group of our study, we see that the BTS scores have increased at the level of significance compared to the control group. This development shows a positive improvement in all anaerobic athletic performance scores. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study shows that BTS development is positively related to athletic performance parameters. Keywords: Football, Big Toe, Athletic Performance, Training Science, Exercise
HUBUNGAN ANTARA BERAT LAHIR DENGAN REFLUKS GASTROESOFAGUS PADA BAYI USIA 0–1 TAHUN
Authors: Prakoso Hamzah Haryo , Rokhayati Evi , Hidayah, Dwi
Published: April 2022

Pendahuluan: Bayi berat lahir rendah merupakan populasi yang berisiko mengalami refluks gastroesofagus dan komplikasinya karena sistem pencernaan yang belum sempurna. Namun, hubungan tersebut masih bersifat kontroversial. Keterbaruan penelitian ini adalah tidak ada penelitian serupa yang dilakukan di Kota Surakarta dan belum banyak yang menggunakan populasi dengan rentang usia 0–1  tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara berat lahir dengan refluks gastroesofagus pada bayi usia 0–1 tahun.

Metode: Penelitian kasus kontrol pada bayi usia 0–1  tahun yang dibawa ke Puskesmas Ngoresan, Surakarta. Sampel diperoleh dengan metode purposive sampling pada bulan April–Mei 2021 dengan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner karakteristik bayi dan infant-gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire.

Hasil: Didapatkan 60 sampel yang terbagi menjadi kelompok kasus dan kontrol dengan perbandingan 1:1. Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara berat lahir dengan refluks gastroesofagus (p = 0,612).

Pembahasan: Penelitian yang dilakukan di Semarang dan Italia menyatakan tidak terdapat hubungan antara berat lahir dengan refluks gastroesofagus. Hubungan tersebut lebih terlihat pada kasus bayi dengan berat lahir <1.500 gram dan riwayat faktor penyakit atau gangguan lain seperti displasia bronkopulmoner atau penyakit paru kronik.

Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara berat lahir dengan refluks gastroesofagus pada bayi usia 0–1 tahun.
PENGARUH KAFEIN TERHADAP BERBAGAI PARAMETER AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN METABOLIK PADA POPULASI SEDENTER SEBAGAI UPAYA MENURUNKAN RISIKO PENYAKIT KARDIOVASKULAR: SEBUAH KAJIAN SISTEMATIS
Authors: Dirjayanto Valerie Josephine
Published: April 2022

Pendahuluan: Perkembangan penyakit kardiovaskular di Indonesia sekarang ini sudah sangat mengkhawatirkan karena sulitnya mengontrol faktor-faktor risiko metabolik bagi penyakit kardiovaskular. Sebagai salah satu tata laksana perilaku, aktivitas fisik harus dilakukan dengan adekuat dan efektif, terutama pada populasi sedenter, untuk memperbaiki profil metabolik. Dengan demikian, kajian ini bertujuan menilai pengaruh kafein terhadap berbagai parameter aktivitas fisik dan metabolik pada populasi sedenter.

Metode: Kajian sistematis ini dilakukan melalui database PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, and Scopus, mencari uji klinis yang mengimplementasikan kafein beserta dengan aktivitas fisik pada subjek sedenter serta efektivitasnya dalam prevensi, dan dengan demikian mengkorelasikannya dengan faktor risiko kardiovaskular. Penilaian kualitas studi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0).

Pembahasan: Pencarian literatur menghasilkan 5 uji klinis dengan total 90 subjek. Konsumsi kafein sebelum aktivitas fisik terbukti efektif dalam mengontrol berbagai parameter metabolik pada populasi sedenter. Kafein menghasilkan penurunan berat badan yang lebih banyak, konsumsi energi lebih banyak, meningkatkan VO2maks, dan meningkatkan konsumsi oksigen. Tidak ada efek samping signifikan dari konsumsi kafein.

Simpulan: Kajian sistematik ini menunjukkan efektivitas kafein dalam meningkatkan efisiensi aktivitas fisik sebagai prevensi penyakit kardiovaskular pada subjek sedenter. Penelitian lanjut dengan jumlah sampel lebih besar dibutuhkan untuk memperkuat bukti.
CARDIAC STEM CELL DENGAN INDUKSI TNFR1-BLOCKER DAN NRG-1/ERB-B4 SEBAGAI TERAPI PEREMAJAAN GAGAL JANTUNG AKIBAT PENYAKIT JANTUNG ISKEMIK
Authors: Asaduddin Aiman Hilmi , Istighfarini Annisa Syarifa , Siregar Alya Sabilah , Zafira ‘Aininna ‘Izzah , Adiba Farah Nur
Published: April 2022

Gagal jantung merupakan sindrom klinis kompleks karena kelainan jantung. Insidensi gagal jantung dapat mencapai 37,7 juta pada 2010. Riset meta-analisis menunjukkan Cardiacstem cell (CSC) dapat meningkatkan fungsi jantung. Terapi menggunakan CSC pada gagal jantung dapat dioptimalisasi dengan induksi komponen Tumor Necrosis Factor-α receptor type-1 (TNFR1)-Blocker dan Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1)/Erb-B4. Literature review ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui potensi CSC pada gagal jantung dan pengaruh induksi TNFR1-Blocker dan NRG-1/Erb-B4 dalam optimalisasi terapi CSC. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah Medical Subject Headings, yaitu CSC, TNFR1-Blocker, NRG-1/Erb-B4, Gagal Jantung. Kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi digunakan untuk mengeliminasi jurnal yang tidak berkaitan sehingga terdapat 40 jurnal pada penulisan ini. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa CSC dapat berdiferensiasi menjadi tiga komponen lineage utama pada jantung, yaitu kardiomiosit, sel endotel, dan otot polos. Komponen tersebut merupakan struktur yang penting dalam terapi peremajaan jantung. Di sisi lain, TNF-α berperan pada disfungsi kontraktil, memicu hipertrofi jantung, dan menginduksi apoptosis miosit jantung. Ekspresi TNFR1 mengalami peningkatan untuk kasus gagal jantung iskemik. Interaksi TNF-α dan TNFR1 menyebabkan apoptosis melalui Receptor Interacting Protein 1 (RIP1) dan menghambat proliferasi dari CSC.Oleh karena itu, blokade TNFR1 berpotensi untuk mencegah terjadinya apoptosis dan memicu terjadinya proliferasi. Selain itu, NRG-1 memiliki peran dalam sejumlah mekanisme seluler melalui Erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4 (ErbB4). NRG-1/Erb-B4 dapat menginduksi proliferasi dan diferensiasi sel kardiomiosit dari stem cell. NRG1/Erb-B4 juga dapat meningkatkan mobilitas dan menghambat apoptosis dengan mengaktifkan jalur PI3K/Akt. Oleh karena itu, induksi persinyalan TNFR1-blocker dan NRG1/Erb-B4 berpotensi dalam optimalisasi CSC pada terapi peremajaan gagal jantung iskemik.
PENGARUH VARIASI JENIS STIMULUS INFORMASI PADA MEMORI JANGKA PENDEK
Authors: Rokan Soufika Zamharira , Rambe Aldy Safruddin
Published: April 2022

Pendahuluan: Memori berperan sebagai suatu mekanisme penyimpanan pengetahuan yang didapat untuk diingat kembali. Khususnya bagi mahasiswa yang sebagian besar waktunya dihabiskan untuk belajar, memori jangka pendek lebih sering digunakan sebelum akhirnya dikonsolidasikan ke memori jangka panjang. Beberapa penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat atensi seseorang yang menerima stimulus multisensori akan lebih tinggi dibanding dengan stimulus unisensori. Dikarenakan atensi erat kaitannya dengan memori, maka jenis stimulus tersebut dapat mempengaruhi kinerja memori jangka pendek seseorang

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik-eksperimental dengan rancangan posttest only design. Kinerja memori jangka pendek diukur dengan Digit Span.Ketiga kelompok masing-masing akan diukur dengan tiga jenis stimulus yang berbeda yaitu stimulus auditori, visual dan audiovisual. Hasil pengukuran akan dianalisis menggunakan uji one way ANOVA. Nilai p ≤ 0,05 dianggap signifikan

Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada skor total Digit Span pada ketiga kelompok dengan stimulus yang berbeda dengan nilai p 0.003 (p≤0.05) pada uji one-way ANOVA. Pada uji Bonferroni, kelompok audiovisual merupakan kelompok dengan hasil yang paling baik dengan p sebesar 0.016 terhadap kelompok auditori dan kelompok visual

Pembahasan: Diberikannya dua stimulus berdampak jauh lebih baik terhadap memori jangka pendek dibanding dengan pemberian satu stimulus. Hal ini terjadi karena adanya integrasi di korteks asosiasi parietal-temporal-oksipital terhadap dua atau lebih stimulus yang diberikan secara bersamaan. Pengolahan input yang diterima oleh otak menjadi lebih mudah dan didapatkan output ingatan yang lebih lengkap.

Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada stimulus informasi terhadap memori jangka pendek.
HUBUNGAN KUALITAS TIDUR DENGAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Leman Melly , Lubis Lokot Donna , Daulay Milahayati , Adella Cut Adeya , Megawati Eka Roina
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Tidur merupakan kebutuhan esensial dalam kehidupan sehari-hari yang memiliki banyak fungsi, terutama proses pemulihan neuron di neokorteks setelah berbagai aktivitas. Kualitas tidur yang buruk sering ditemukan sebagai akibat dari tuntutan pekerjaan, akademis, gaya hidup, dan budaya sosial. Hal ini dapat mengganggu fungsi kognitif sehingga berdampak pada kualitas hidup sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menilai faktor risiko kualitas tidur buruk dan hubungannya dengan fungsi kognitif terutama pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik dengan desain potong-lintang dimana pengambilan data dilakukan secara serentak dalam satu waktu. Data diperoleh dari wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah divalidasi, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) untuk kualitas tidur dan Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) untuk fungsi kognitif, dengan teknik stratified random sampling.

Hasil: Insidensi kualitas tidur buruk pada sampel adalah 69% dengan dominasi laki-laki, usia 17-19 tahun, indeks massa tubuh lebih tinggi, dan konsumsi minuman berkafein. Sedangkan insidensi gangguan kognitif ringan sebesar 42%. Uji Chi-Square dan Spearman Rank menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (p=0,009) dan korelasi lemah (r=0,262, p=0,008) antara kelompok usia dengan kualitas tidur, sedangkan tidak ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin (p=0,517) dan indeks massa tubuh (p=0,322) dengan kualitas tidur. Uji Fisher's Exact tidak menunjukan hubungan antara konsumsi kafein (p=0,778) dengan kualitas tidur. Menurut uji Chi-Square, kualitas tidur juga tidak berhubungan dengan fungsi kognitif (p=0.993).

Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan fungsi kognitif, namun terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan korelasi lemah antara kelompok usia dengan kualitas tidur.
SOMASCAN PROTEOMIC ASSAY
Authors: P. Yemima , Johansyah Catherine Laura
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAK

 

Pendahuluan: Asbes, sebagai polutan udara, merupakan masalah kesehatan global. Paparan asbes telah dikaitkan sebagai penyebab kanker paru-paru sejak tahun 1930-an dan jumlah kasus terus meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya penggunaan asbes dalam bidang industri. Asbestos-Related Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) merupakan neoplasma pleura primer yang disebabkan oleh paparan asbes, memiliki tingkat keganasan yang tinggi, dan memiliki tantangan dalam diagnostik sehingga prognosis MPM cenderung lebih buruk dari neoplasma lainnya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan deteksi dini bagi kelompok risiko tinggi terpapar asbes agar dapat menurunkan risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas dari MPM. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk meninjau sebuah alat SOMAscan Proteomic Assay sebagai teknologi mutakhir dan inovatif dalam deteksi dini MPM.

Metode: Literatur ini ditulis dengan metode studi pustaka dengan menggunakan mesin pencari terpercaya, seperti Science Direct dan PubMed.

Pembahasan: SOMAscan Proteomic Assay (SOMALogic, Inc.; Boulder, CO, USA) merupakan teknologi proteomik multipleks berbasis aptamer yang mampu mendeteksi biomarker protein. Alat ini menggunakan 13 jenis protein berbasis serum dengan akurasi 92% untuk mendeteksi kanker mesotelioma pada populasi risiko tinggi terpajan asbes. Sensitivitas dari alat ini untuk mendeteksi MPM akan semakin tinggi berkolerasi dengan meningkatnya stadium patologis. 

Simpulan: Dengan kemampuan akurasi yang tinggi pada stadium awal maka SOMAscan Proteomic Assay merupakan alat yang menjanjikan untuk mendiagnosis MPM lebih dini sehingga memiliki peluang lebih besar untuk keberhasilan terapi multimodalitas serta prognosis yang lebih baik.
KOMBUCHA: PENDAYAGUNAAN MEKANISME GUT-BRAIN AXIS DALAM PENCEGAHAN DEPRESI
Authors: Atmaja Putu Diah Ananda Putri , Haq Abiyyu Didar , Wiguna Visakha Vidyadevi
Published: April 2022

Pendahuluan: Pandemi COVID-19 memberikan dampak yang sangat besar terhadap berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia di seluruh dunia tak terkecuali Indonesia. Perubahan tersebut terbukti telah menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya gangguan mental, salah satunya adalah depresi. Berbagai upaya yang telah dilakukan sangat terfokus pada upaya kuratif saja dan hanya sebagian kecil yang berfokus pada upaya preventif terjadinya depresi.

Metode: Tinjauan pustaka ini bersumber dari berbagai bentuk artikel yang didapatkan dari portal publikasi dari yaitu National Center fo Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Garba Rujukan Digital (GARUDA), serta Google Scholar.

Pembahasan: Berbagai penelitian telah menduga dan membuktikan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara mikrobiota pada saluran cerna dengan sistem saraf pusat yang disebut sebagai gut-brain axis (GBA). Mikrobiota pada saluran cerna memainkan peran kunci dalam menjaga homeostasis GBA dan keterkaitannya dengan kesehatan mental seseorang. Konsumsi probiotik merupakan satu dari sekian upaya yang bisa seseorang lakukan untuk menjaga homeostasis tersebut dalam upaya menjaga kesehatan mentalnya. Terbuat dari teh, gula, dan Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeasts (SCOBY), kombucha merupakan minuman terfermentasi yang telah terbukti memberikan dampak positif terhadap mikrobiota saluran cerna dengan lebih dari 50 probiotik dan molekul lain.

Simpulan: Pendayagunaan kombucha untuk menjaga GBA memiliki potensi untuk menyempurnakan upaya penanggulangan depresi terutama dalam aspek preventif
CORRELATION BETWEEN CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION 4 (CD4) WITH RADIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TB-HIV PATIENS
Authors: Pinakesty Angiesta
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan infeksi oportunistik yang paling sering ditemukan pada infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dan menjadi penyebab kematian paling tinggi pada Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Risiko penularan TB 26 sampai 31 kali lebih besar terjadi pada penderita HIV dibandingkan dengan orang tanpa HIV. Pasien TB-HIV cenderung memiliki hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium bakteri tahan asam (BTA) negatif dan gambaran radiologis yang tidak khas. Kedua hal tersebut menjadi kendala dalam menentukan diagnosis dan tatalaksananya. Semakin berat tingkat imunosupresi pasien TB-HIV yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan kadar cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), maka gambaran radiologisnya semakin tidak khas. Jumlah CD4 berhubungan dengan manifestasi klinis pasien HIV yang bisa dilihat dari gambaran radiologis, sehingga dapat digunakan dalam mempercepat penegakkan diagnosis dan tatalaksana TB-HIV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara CD4 dengan gambaran radiologis pasien TB-HIV di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dan dilakukan pada bulan November hingga Desember 2020 di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Besar subjek penelitian sebanyak 30 pasien yang diambil dengan teknik non-probability purposive sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan data rekam medis pasien. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Fisher.

Hasil: Hasil uji Fisher didapatkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara CD4 dengan gambaran radiologis pasien TB-HIV (p=1,000).

Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara CD4 dengan gambaran radiologis pasien TB-HIV.
HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL DERIVATIVE SUBRETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL TRANSPLANTATION AS A TREATMENT FOR DRY-TYPE MACULAR
Authors: Satyagraha Muhammad Thifan , Fahrezi Andhwika Afif , Ulum Rafi Annisa , Hidayatullah Gibran Chandra Syarif
Published: April 2022

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), is the fourth disease which causes blindness in the world, will potentially increase in 2020. Therefore, alternative treatment is needed to be developed, such as Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium (hESC-RPE) transplantation in a subretinal layer. The purpose of this literature review is to identify AMD pathogenesis, especially dry type, to know the impact of hESC-RPE transplantation towards acuity of vision, and to understand its therapeutic effect, safety, also tolerability based on the literature cited. Articles were collected by google search engine through Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Proquest, and Springer link. Inclusion criteria are literature that was published between 2010-2020, clinical trial study, systematic review, and meta-analysis. the topic of these sources is focused on regenerative therapy in AMD patients. Whereas exclusion criteria are literature that published under 2010. According to our research, hESC-RPE transplantation in a subretinal layer can increase the acuity of vision in dry-type AMD patients by improving RPE pigmentation, which protects its photoreceptor cells. Safety and tolerability are proof that there are no abnormalities in proliferation and immunity. In conclusion, these findings are beneficial in the improvement quality life of AMD patients. Therefore, in the future, subretinal hESC-RPE can be effective in the alternative treatment of dry-typed AMD patients.
THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AS A PROMISING THERAPY IN OVERCOMING CYTOKINE STORM IN COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors: Winarta Sanjaya , Nawing Megan Janice , Go Rivaldo
Published: April 2022

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that was recently characterized as a pandemic. One of the complications of this disease is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) which is caused by cytokine storm. Current treatments for COVID-19 with ARDS are only symptomatic and have many weaknesses. Therefore, new therapeutic agent for COVID-19 is still needed. This literature review is made to determine the potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) as a novel therapeutic agent in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: This literature review is based on articles from several medical databases such as NCBI Pubmed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar, with the keywords used are “ARDS”, “COVID-19”, “Cytokine Storm”, “hUC-MSCs”, and “Stem cell”.

Discussion: There are 5 major studies that correlate with the aim of this literature which were analyzed systematically. Cytokine storm is an excessive immune response caused by the increase of proinflammatory cytokines that can cause organ injury, especially in the lung. On the other hand, hUC-MSCs, a mesenchymal stem cell derived from human umbilical cord, can overcome the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients by reducing the proinflammatory cytokine, improving lung inflammatory consolidation, increase oxygenation index and increasing the recovery time.

Conclusion hUC-MSCs have the potential to become a promising therapeutic agent to overcome the COVID-19 infection.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAST FOOD CONSUMPTION AND THE INCIDENCE OF DEPRESSION
Authors: Lim Kevin
Published: April 2022

Background: Depression is a mood disorder that causes loss of motivation to stay or to do daily activities. Research on depression prevalence indicates that approximately 4.4% of the worldwide population suffers it. The mechanism in which depression occurred due to fast foods is the excessive fat content disturbs neurogenesis in the brain. This research is carried out to look into the connection among fast food intake with the incidence of depression.

Method: An analytical study with a cross-sectional design is the method chosen to conduct this research. The samples include college students from the Faculty of Medicine in University of Sumatera Utara admitted in 2018 and acquired with total sampling. The tools used in this research were the CES-D and FFQ questionnaire.

Results: The incidence of depression among applicants in 2018 was 48.3%.The statistical calculations indicates that there is a significant relationship between fast food consumption and depression (p=0,043); but not significant to family income (p=0,684) and physical activity (p=0,289).

Conclusion: Excessive consumption of junk food can increase the risk of depression.
Otizm ve Çevresel İlişkiler: Derleme
Authors: DAHARLI Esra , YILMAZ Sinan , KOŞAN Zahide
Published: April 2022

Otizm; sosyal iletişimde yetersizlik, tekrarlayıcı davranış, aynılıkta ısrar eden bir yaşam biçiminin bebeklikten itibaren tüm hayat boyu süren bir spektrum bozukluğudur. Çarpıcı bir şekilde görülme sıklığındaki (59:1) artış hastalığın sebeplerine olan ilgiyi beraberinde getirmektedir. Çok sayıda etiyolojik çalışmaya rağmen henüz kesin bir sebep bulunamamış olmakla berber çevresel etmenler genetik yatkınlıkla beraber en çok suçlanan ajanların başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışma otizm- çevre ilişkisinin incelendiği çok sayıda yayının bir derlemesi şeklindedir. Literatürde çevresel maruziyetler açısından yapılmış çalışmaların çoğu ağır metaller ve hava kirliliği üzerine idi. Bazı endokrin bozucular için de çalışmalar olmasına rağmen sonuçlar açısından yeterli çalışma olmadığı görüldü. Ayrıca yapılan çalışmalarda benzer maddelerin farklı ülkelerde farklı sonuçlar doğurduğu tespit edildi. Ülkelere özgü maruziyet farklılıklar dikkate alındığında her ülkenin kendi çevresel kirleticileri ile otizm ilişkisinin araştırıldığı çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu sonucuna varıldı.
Evaluation of Satisfaction Level Regarding Urban Parks: The Case of Eskisehir Millet Bahcesi
Authors: ALAMRİ Yahya , İNCEOGLU Mehmet
Published: April 2022

Urban parks are important for improving the city's environment and meeting the psychological and physical needs of the users. Activities carried out in open areas are among the urban environmental factors that increase the quality of life. However, factors such as the ease of access to the parks, the convenience and security of the parks and the facilities in the parks influence parks satisfaction levels. Eskişehir Millet Bahçesi is one of the parks serving as an amusement and education park in the city of Eskişehir. The aim of this study is to determine the satisfaction levels of city residents from city parks in the case of Eskişehir Millet Bahçesi. Urban area quality parameters and a group of indicators are used to measure the level of satisfaction in the park. The indicators cover three main topics: comfort; use of different physical activities, aesthetics, safety and access. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate the indicators and the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) technique was used. The results indicate high performance and high importance, so that all evaluation indicators enter the first quarter of the IPA scheme, thus indicating the achievement of user satisfaction in Millet Bahçesi. It is thought that the results obtained from the research will guide the authorities in determining the priorities in the development of new parks and the improvement of existing parks.
Temporal Analysis of Heatwave Occurances in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: AUWAL Aminu Hamisu , ALHAJİ Muhammad , BELLO Nura Isyaku , ALABİRA Kabiru Salisu , MUAZU Jaafar
Published: April 2022

Heatwaves have become one of the biggest ecological threats to the survival of people in thebiosphere. For the reason, in this study is aimed that is analyzed the temporal occurrences of heatwaves in the Kano between 2009 to 2018 so as and that it devised a protocol against for this menace. Daily maximum temperature is measured at the synoptic hours during the period of extreme heat (hot anddry). With the se temperature values were used to takeout the period of heatwaves using percentile thresholds of 95th. In 2016 it experienced high number of heatwaves occurrences with consecutive 26 days of 40.8°C. The heatwaves is occurred frequently in April and May. This situation, it implies that is identifying as the periods when the occurrence of heatwaves is intense in Kano in April and May.
SPECIFIC PROCEDURES TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE VARIABLE GEOMETRY CONFLICT
Authors: POPA Cezar
Published: April 2022

The risks and threats specific to the permanent geometry change of an action/operation in the context of the current multidimensional operational environment conflict are extremely diversified and undergo permanent mutations. This situation implicitly requires that the command-and-control systems architecture must allow rapid adaptation to the requirements imposed by the frequent situation changes, in the conflict specific analysis domains, namely PMESII (political, military, economic, social, information and infrastructure). The digitization and algorithmizing of the decision-making process carried out simultaneously with the structural and functional implementation of artificial intelligence is the current way of streamlining the decision-making process by exponentially increasing the capabilities of the command and control systems regarding the volume and speed of data and information processing, the interpretation, of the capabilities of structural and functional organization of both the C2 modules and the operating force,  of the capabilities to control and evaluate the execution of the action/operation, etc. Algorithmizing and the digitization of the decision-making process combined with the experience, knowledge based intuition and talent/art (specific to the human factor) inevitably leads to making adequate decision aiming to be quickly integrated into operational plans and orders
ASPECTS OF RECONFIGURING THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD ORDER FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE EXISTING CHALLENGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
Authors: BORDEA Simona-Daniela
Published: April 2022

The struggle for supremacy dates back to ancient times, and the conquest of new territories or the desire to regain former affiliations is not new. Consequently, the central objective of the paper is to understand and review current geopolitical and geostrategic issues. At the beginning, the general framework of the research is pointed out. Although contemporaneity offers countless possibilities for states to have a prosperous and peaceful inner order, their tendency is different, in fact it is the same as always: territorial expansion and the obtaining of the scepter of international power. This scientific approach captures analytically and comparatively the attitude of two major state powers, from the Euro-Asian space, Russia and China, on the one hand, and the efforts of international actors, USA and NATO, which promote peace and stability and counteracts hostile actions that threaten its values. Following the results of this analysis, the conclusions of the research are drawn, accompanied by personal contributions, issues addressed and identified limitations.
REFORM OF THE COMMAND STRUCTURES OF THE MILITARY ENGINEERING BRANCH IN THE PERIOD 1989-2021
Authors: CÎRJĂU Cristian Gabriel
Published: April 2022

Following the events of 1989 a radical change of the Romanian political regime took place, a change that had as main effect the democratization of the Romanian society, with special implications of a political, economic, social and implicit military nature. From a military point of view, the Romanian Army underwent extensive transformations that took place in several successive stages. These consisted of starting the process of modernizing the military body on all levels: doctrinal and organizational changes in command and force structures, the concepts of training and their use in operations, and starting the process of replacing certain categories of equipment and some categories of weapons systems with newer and more efficient ones. All these transformations also affected the military engineering branch, in terms of the organization and attributions of the engineer command structures, as well as the structure of engineer forces, on the line of organization, endowment, training. In the following lines we will make a brief review of the transformations to which the Romanian Army was subjected, and implicitly, the military engineering command structures, in the period after 1989.
FUNDAMENTAL COORDINATES OF AN AUDIT GUIDE OF REGULARITY/COMPLIANCE, APPLICABLE WITHIN THE MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENCE
Authors: TIMOFTE Vasile
Published: April 2022

In this article we would like to present the way in which we tried to set up an internal audit guide of regularity/compliance for the entities of the Ministry of National Defence, starting from the already existing model in the Internal Audit Department for such type of audit, but seeking to add new elements from the following sources of documentation: the national legislation in force in this field; the study conducted among internal auditors and representatives of military entities, based on the Balanced Scorecard Model; the challenges that the new socio-sanitary phenomenon has generated at global and national level ‒ Coronavirus pandemic; new research and achievements obtained in recent years by theorists and practitioners in the field of public internal audit.
i-SMARTS: Digitalization of Agrotechnopreneurship-Based MSME Development to Support Acceleration of East Java Economic Recovery in The Middle of The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Silvia Mayningrum  , Kamil Muhtadi
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on MSMEs in East Java Province, one of which experienced a decline in sales and customers due to the PSBB and PPKM policies. The policy requires all MSMEs to carry out business activities online, but not all MSME actors are able to carry it out. The aims of this study were to analyze the perceptions of MSME actors in East Java during the COVID-19 pandemic, to find out the agrotechnopreneurship-based i-SMARTS system model, and to analyze the impact of the i-SMARTS system on the income of MSME actors and Gross Regional Domestic Product of East Java. The method of determining the sample in this study used the convenience sampling method with a total sample of 30 respondents. The data analysis used in this study were a Likert scale, systems approach analysis, and simulative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the perception of MSME actors towards business activities during the COVID-19 pandemic was 73.2% which means that MSME business activities are still less effective and as many as 78.9% of respondents really need an institution that oversees MSMEs in East Java. i-SMARTS as an agrotechnopreneurship-based institution offers various facilities to assist MSME actors in increasing their income during the COVID-19 pandemic. The application of i-SMARTS based on agrotechnopreneurship was able to increase the income of MSME actors during the COVID-19 pandemic from IDR 5,571,666.67 to IDR 9,750,416.67 and had implications for an increase in Gross Regional Domestic Product of East Java. i-SMARTS is the right solution strategy to overcome all the problems faced by MSME actors during the COVID-19 pandemic and develop the MSME sector to support the acceleration of East Java’s economic recovery.
Biological Removal of Dyes from Wastewater: A Review of Its Efficiency and Advances
Authors: Tang Kuok Ho Daniel , Darwish Noura M. , Alkahtani Abdullah M , AbdelGawwad Mohamed Ragab , Karácsony Peter
Published: April 2022

Biological removal of dyes has been advocated due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and low operational requirements in comparison to physicochemical methods of treating dye effluents. This paper aims to compare the efficiency of biological removal of dyes using bacteria, algae, and fungi, including yeasts, besides presenting the recent advances in the field. This paper reviewed scholarly articles published mainly between 2010 and 2021. It found bacteria could degrade a myriad of dyes. Different bacteria could degrade the same dye with different efficiencies. Similarly, one bacterial species could degrade multiple dyes with varying efficiencies. Though regarded as having a faster rate of dye biodegradation than fungi, this review finds bacteria to have comparable performance to fungi in decolorizing dyes, and it is worth mentioning that a few yeast species were reported to have very high efficiency in decolorizing dyes. Mixed bacteria or bacteria-fungus cultures were generally found to have better dye-decolorizing efficiency than pure cultures. Algae have relatively lower efficiency than bacteria and fungi in decolorizing dyes and might require longer contact time. New advances such as genetic engineering as well as immobilization of microorganisms and enzymes could improve the efficiency of dye biodegradation. Nonetheless, before biological removal of dyes can be feasibly applied, there are limitations that need to be overcome. Major limitations include the inconsistent performance of various organisms in decolorizing dyes; the complexity of optimization; inability to completely decolorize dyes; potential formation of toxic by-products upon decolorization of dyes; safety concerns of immobilization materials; and cost and technical feasibility of biological removal of dyes. This review has the significance of highlighting the important bottlenecks of the current biological dye removal technology, which could pave the way for breakthroughs in this domain of research.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of various types of topical fluoride for prevention of caries
Authors: Aldrin Joshua A , Deepak S , Sandeep Adimulapu Hima
Published: April 2022

Background: The expression ‘topical fluoride treatment’ refers to methods that provide a high concentration of fluoride to exposed tooth surfaces for a local protective effect. The most popular topical fluoride agents are toothpastes (dentifrices), mouthrinses, gels and varnishes that contain fluoride. These may be used separately or in combination. Topical fluoride application will be a simple but important procedure that is nominated by dental care professionals. Topical fluoride applications using fluoride varnish are recommended between two and four times for children annually and twice for adults for treatment of dental caries. Materials and methods: The study was done as an online setting, the responses were obtained from 110 dental professionals from the Chennai sub population. A self structured questionnaire comprising about 12 questions and circulated as a link to the participants. The responses were exported to google sheets and data was retrieved and analysed in SPSS software version 26. The results were obtained from SPSS software. Results: From the results analysed, it has been found that male participants (57.27%) and undergraduates (77.27%) took the majority party in the study.
Awareness on the armamentarium used in aesthetic restorative procedure among dental students
Authors: Ravikumar Harita , Deepak S , Sandeep Adimulapu Hima
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The aesthetic dentistry mainly involves restoring the best smile back to the patients. This mainly involves the tooth colour, proper alignment, with proper shape of the tooth and also with all the properties of the tooth. The dental instruments are used to examine, clean, cut and restore the tooth structures. They mainly consist of hand-held, auxiliary and rotary instruments. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge and awareness of the armamentarium used in the aesthetic restorative procedure. Materials and method: The survey was conducted by preparing the questionnaire pertaining to the topic and it was circulated through an online portal. The participants were informed in detail about the study and the informed consent was obtained for everyone and they participated willingly. The response collected and observations were made. Results and discussion: From the responses obtained it was seen that the students were about the aesthetic restorative procedures, aware of the hand instruments used for operative dentistry, common shade used in the composite restoration. Uses of plastic instruments. They also had good knowledge on the duration that the restoration lasts.
Uterine fibroid risk prediction using data analytics and support vector machines in data mining
Authors: Girija D. K , Varshney Manish
Published: April 2022

In healthcare, the amount and sensitivity of data is huge. The information must be handled with considerable caution, and no shortcuts should be made. A variety of data mining categorization approaches have been used to estimate the quality of healthcare services. On the basis of 150 patient records, this study describes and evaluates the experience of applying a data mining approach and methods. Using data mining techniques, this unique approach to determining the correctness of a product was devised. Data mining employs a number of techniques, including Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, KNN, Radom Tree Set, Rule Model, ZeroR, and J48 or C 4.5. Using the fibroid data set, I applied the Support Vector Machine data mining classification to estimate the Precision. Our goal is to make a conclusion by analyzing the Precision and other indicator values such as RMSE, Recall, and so on.
factors that influence turnover intention among workers in Cosmo Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Azmi Muhamad Shafiq , Jamaludin Azahari , Seman Shahri Abu , Shamsudin Mohd Farid
Published: April 2022

An employee is a company's lifeblood. The firm's success or failure is determined on employee performance. To improve employee performance and loyalty, senior management recognizes the need of investing in employee happiness and growth. This conceptual research examined the factor influence turnover in the Cosmo Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A theoretical framework and model linked to employee turnover intention are also discussed, as well as variables influencing staff turnover in Cosmo Hotel. A questionnaire containing 24 items was given to 97 hotel employees of various levels. The technique utilized in this research was to randomly choose workers from the company and ask them for their personal opinion. The paper ends with recommendations for future research by using various degree of analysis on investigating the impact of turnover intention. This research also found a link between employee turnover intention and behaviour, which may be used in both theory and practice.
new-fangled conceptual perspectives and advances in the world of salivary gland
Authors: Leema R K , Kadani Megha , Ravindra S V , Sunitha J D , Narayana Satya , Priya Shanthi
Published: April 2022

Understanding the pathogenesis and being familiar with diagnostic and management methods is critical in order to provide effective oral health care for patients. The current knowledge of the pathogenesis of each cancer subtype has made it possible to classify and define salivary gland tumors better. Specific treatment regimens for salivary gland tumors can be developed by studying molecular biology. Using immunohistochemistry in conjunction with gene analysis using PCR, specific defects can be identified, which provides insight into the most promising therapies. Hypofunctional salivary glands may benefit from organ replacement regenerative therapy using human adult stem cells.
Evaluation of marginal adaptation of two different composite
Authors: Aravindhan K. , Sharma Subash S.
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to investigate evaluation of marginal adaptation of two different bulk fill composites. 10 freshly extracted teeth were divided into two groups of 5 teeth each. Class v cavity was prepared in the CEJ of maxillary first premolars. Restored with sdr flow+ and coltene fill up.Artificial aging was done with thermocycling machine done and samples were immersed in methylene blue solution for 24 hours.samples were sectioned in center of the restoration and viewed under stereomicroscope. Data were subjected to the NPar test and mann-whitney test (a=0.05). Overall result showed both bulk fill composites showed significant leakage after evaluating with stereomicroscope. It was found that there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Bulk fill flowable resins provided significantly better marginal seal in dentin,both before and after artificial aging. Both bulk fill flowable resins showed similar microleakage values at enamel margins.
Decision Tree analysis on Management of Calcified Canals
Authors: Divya S. B , Sandeep Adimulapu Hima
Published: April 2022

Calcific metamorphosis is also called pulp canal obliteration. Canals can be partially or fully obliterated. Most common reasons for calcified canals are trauma and aging. These calcific deposits can cause a considerable challenge to the dental practitioner in locating the canals, reaching the working length and also cleaning and shaping the canals. Attempt to negotiate the canals and perform biomechanical preparation without proper and thorough knowledge on management of calcified canals can lead to iatrogenic errors caused by the clinician such as perforation, fracture of instrument, transportation etc.Most important thing before attempting to negotiate such calcified canals is to have a thorough knowledge on the normal anatomical form and morphology of the root canal system of the particular tooth. Practicing under dental loupes or microscope can add to the clear vision and aid in locating and negotiating the canal. Different armamentarium is available for this purpose like basic small size k file, c pilot files, Endo guide burs, ultrasonic, chelating agents, endodontic surgery to advanced Guided Endodontics.
Solid waste management in purulia municipality, purulia, WB
Authors: Palit Shalmoli , Patra Uttam Kumar
Published: April 2022

Solid or semisolid matters that originates from human or animal activities, and which are disposed because they are hazardous or useless are known as solid waste. Solid waste management deals with spatial attributes so the role of GIS is important. It play a significant role to improve collection operation, analysing proper location for dumping, planning the route of transportation and to identify exact site for landfill. The present study tries to trace out the existing condition of solid waste management system at source of generation with the help of GIS and trace the benefit of employing GIS for management of wastes. To fulfil the aim of the study both primary and secondary data have been collected. The secondary data has been collected from Purulia municipality and primary data has been collected with the help of hand-held GPS and with the help of observation method. It is revealed that the existing management system of solid waste at source of generation is not enough for proper disposal. There are various problems lying due to improper management of solid waste disposal.