bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Inhibition Effect of Affordances in Action Picture Naming: An Event-related Potential Study
Authors: Xin Xin , Zhang Qingfang
Published: March 2022

How quickly are different kinds of conceptual knowledge activated in action picture naming? Using a masked priming paradigm, we manipulated the prime category type (artificial vs. natural), prime action type (precision, power, vs. neutral grip), and target action type (precision vs. power grip) in action picture naming, while electrophysiological signals were measured concurrently. Naming latencies showed an inhibition effect in the congruent action type condition compared with the neutral condition. ERP results showed that artificial and natural category primes induced smaller waveforms in precision or power action primes than neutral primes in the time window of 100–200 msec. Time–frequency results consistently presented a power desynchronization of the mu rhythm in the time window of 0–210 msec with precision action type artificial objects compared with neutral primes, which localized at the supplementary motor, precentral and postcentral areas in the left hemisphere. These findings suggest an inhibitory effect of affordances arising at conceptual preparation in action picture naming and provide evidence for embodied cognition.
Common Neural Functions during Children's Learning from Naturalistic and Controlled Mathematics Paradigms
Authors: Amalric Marie , Cantlon Jessica F.
Published: March 2022

Two major goals of human neuroscience are to understand how the brain functions in the real world and to measure neural processes under conditions that are ecologically valid. A critical step toward these goals is understanding how brain activity during naturalistic tasks that mimic the real world relates to brain activity in more traditional laboratory tasks. In this study, we used intersubject correlations to locate reliable stimulus-driven cerebral processes among children and adults in a naturalistic video lesson and a laboratory forced-choice task that shared the same arithmetic concept. We show that relative to a control condition with grammatical content, naturalistic and laboratory arithmetic tasks evoked overlapping activation within brain regions previously associated with math semantics. The regions of specific functional overlap between the naturalistic mathematics lesson and laboratory mathematics task included bilateral intraparietal cortex, which confirms that this region processes mathematical content independently of differences in task mode. These findings suggest that regions of the intraparietal cortex process mathematical content when children are learning about mathematics in a naturalistic setting.
“Practical Kabbalah” and the Jewish Tradition of Magic
Authors: Harari Yuval
Published: March 2022

This article deals with the Jewish tradition of magic and its relationship with Kabbalah.1 It begins by clarifying internal and external views of magic in Judaism, the place of “Kabbalah” and “kabbalists” in the traditional Jewish discourse of ritual power, and the role of “practical Kabbalah” in Israel’s market of New Age spiritual therapies. The focus is on the mutual relationships between the conceptual and performative foundations of Jewish magic practice and Kabbalah, as well as on Kabbalah’s actual influence on the Jewish tradition of magic.
How to?: A Methodological Guide to Identify a Treaty’s Object and Purpose
Authors: De Vriese Kit
Published: March 2022

None of the principles of treaty interpretation is so often invoked and at the same time so shrouded in mystery as the treaty’s object and purpose. Following the International Court of Justice, several scholars have tried to determine common (interpretive) principles to identify the object and purpose of a particular treaty. However, even the most “demystifying” accounts of treaty interpretation have not been able to clarify the concept. The few accounts that did try to identify such principles arrived back at the start of their journey, replacing veils rather than removing them. The result is the now widely accepted and proclaimed yet circular proposition that “the object and purpose of a treaty (provision) is determined in light of all its provisions as a whole”. This article identifies some clear(er) principles, which can be used by academics and practitioners. It argues that the concept is less open-ended than commonly assumed.
Fracture toughness evaluation of 37CrNi3MoVE steel used for high-pressure air storage cylinder
Authors: He Zhi-Bo , Liu Pan , Wang Da-Sheng , Li Yue-Bing
Published: March 2022

The air storage cylinders, forming part of the impulse air system for submarine, are high-pressure steel cylinders dome-shaped at each end. To prevent the risk of cylinders rupture, the fracture toughness of cylinders is necessary to be tested. The three-point bending samples used in the fracture toughness experiment were taken from a cylinder made of 37CrNi3MoVE steel. With the consideration of the effect of the manufacturing process, both axial specimens and circumferential specimens were sampled, and the fracture toughness was compared. The effective data obtained from fracture toughness experiments were processed by different standards, such as ISO 12135 standard and ASTM E1820 standard. The fracture surface is analyzed from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. From the test results of circumferential fracture toughness and axial fracture toughness, it can be clearly seen that under the influence of the processing technology, the circumferential fracture toughness of the cylinder of the high-pressure gas cylinder is smaller than the circumferential fracture toughness. Finally, comparing the fracture toughness values obtained by the ASTM E1820 standard with the fracture toughness values obtained by the ISO 12135 standard, it is found that the fracture toughness values obtained under the ASTM E1820 standard are all greater than the fracture toughness values obtained by the ISO 12135 standard.
Liposomal nanoparticle-based miR-155 antagonist regulates Th17/Treg signaling pathway and its inhibitory effect against myocarditis
Authors: Yu Huamin , Shi Mingjuan , Sun Jindong , Yuan Hong
Published: March 2022

Abnormal expression of miR-155 is related to degree of myocardial fibrosis in myocarditis. This study mainly explored the role of miR-155 in myocardial fibrosis and possible mechanisms. Forty Balb/c mice were randomly separated into blank group, model group, miR-155 group, and DMSO
group (n = 10). Fibrosis area and expression of TGF-β and α-SMA in each group were observed. Fibroblasts were then isolated and miR-155mRNA expression, expression of Collagen I, α-SMA, Th17 cell number, Treg cell number, and expressions of IL-6,
IL-10, IL-17, STAT3, RORγt, and Foxp3 were also investigated. The model group and DMSO group had the highest fibrosis area, while the blank group and miR-155 group had the lowest fibrosis area. However, the fibrosis area for miR-155 group was higher than the blank group (P
>0.05). No significant difference was found between model group and DMSO group (P >0.05). Compared to blank and miR-155 groups, expressions of TGF-β and α-SMA in the model and DMSO group were significantly up-regulated (P <0.05). No significant difference
was found between the model and DMSO groups, or between blank and miR-155 groups P < 0.05). Compared to blank and miR-155 groups, the levels of Collagen I, α-SMA, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, STAT3, RORγt, and Foxp3 in the model and DMSO groups were significantly
up-regulated (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found between model and DMSO groups, or between blank and miR-155 groups (P < 0.05). The number of Th17 cells was significantly increased, while Treg cells were significantly decreased in the model and DMSO groups (P
< 0.05). In contrast, Th17 cells were significantly decreased, while Treg cells were significantly increased in the blank and miR-155 groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the model and DMSO groups, or between blank and miR-155 groups (P < 0.05).
Moreover, miR-155 inhibited myocarditis and myocardial fibrosis. The mechanism is mainly related to Th17/Treg signaling pathway, where miR-155 decreased Th17 cells, increased Treg cells, inhibited the secretion of Collagen I and α-SMA, and reduced the levels of fibroblast molecules.
The miR-155 also interacted with STAT3 pathway to stimulate the activity of inflammatory cells, inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors, further improving the inflammatory response of myocarditis, and ultimately improving the degree of myocarditis myocardial fibrosis.
Readmission Rates Following Major Head and Neck Surgery With Concurrent Tracheostomy
Authors: Brauer Philip R. , Bryson Paul C. , Tierney William S. , Wu Shannon S. , Jia Xuefei , Lamarre Eric D.
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

To determine the influence of major head and neck procedures on readmission and complication rates following tracheostomy.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study using the 2005 to 2017 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to identify tracheostomy patients and to define the underlying head and neck procedure. Patients under the age of 18 and with unknown pre-operative variables were excluded. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed.

Results:

A total of 3240 tracheostomy patients undergoing major head and neck surgery were identified in NSQIP. The 30-day mortality rate was 104 (3.2%) and 258 (9.0%) patients were readmitted. 637 (19.7%) patients had an unplanned return to the operating room. There were 1606 (49.6%) non-tracheostomy specific complications, which included 850 (26.2%) medical and 1142 (35.2%) surgical complications. On multivariable analysis, we found that the underlying procedures did not impact the risk of readmission ( P > .05 for all). The underlying procedure was also not associated with unplanned return to the operating room except for thyroidectomies, which had a lower risk than free tissue graft reconstruction (OR = 0.53 (95%CI 0.31, 0.88), P = .018).

Conclusion:

While almost 1 in every 2 patients had a complication following major head and neck surgery that included creation of a tracheostomy, the rate of readmission is comparatively low and is not associated with the underlying procedure. These findings should reassure head and neck surgeons that properly managed tracheostomies do not constitute a disproportionate risk of readmission.
Mitigating the harms of abusive supervision on employee thriving: The buffering effects of employees’ social-network centrality
Authors: Lu Shuye , Wang Lei , Ni Dan , Shapiro Debra L , Zheng Xiaoming
Published: March 2022

This article builds on the scant literature regarding antecedents and consequences of employee thriving, a positive psychological state characterized by the joint experience of vitality and learning. Guided by conservation of resource (COR) theory and the social embeddedness perspective, we predict that the social-network centrality of employees helps them buffer against the negative effects of abusive supervision. Via a pilot study, a field study, and two scenario-based experiments, we find patterns supporting our hypotheses. Specifically, employees’ perception of abusive supervision is negatively associated with their level of thriving and, thereby also, with their performance-related outcomes such as task performance, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and creativity. However, abusive supervision’s negative association with employees’ thriving weakens when employees are more central in their advice and friendship networks. Our research adds to the sparse but growing literature on thriving, and supplements the mostly reactive- and/or dyadic-oriented strategies previously identified as ways to cope with abusive supervisors. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
How did the Covid-19 pandemic affect individuals with schizophrenia from Turkey?
Authors: Karanci Ayse Nuray , Ikizer Gözde , Aldemir İlknur Dilekler , Bilgehan Ayça , Karagöz Cansu
Published: March 2022

Background:

Serious mental illness, including schizophrenia, have been shown to be associated with psychosocial vulnerabilities in the face of adverse events. While individuals with schizophrenia might undergo many psychosocial difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic, they might also not be affected, or report increased subjective well-being. This suggests that it is important to understand diverse impacts and further understand the unique experiences.

Methods:

To capture how the pandemic affected them and how they handled the challenges if there were any in the initial and more recent phases of the pandemic, 18 individuals with schizophrenia living in Turkey were interviewed.

Results:

Thematic analysis of interviews resulted in four superordinate themes for both time points. Three themes related to the impact of the pandemic (i.e. burdens of COVID-19, positive impacts of COVID-19, no impact of COVID-19) indicated that they shared a number of challenges with the general population. Themes about the positive impacts and no impact also replicated the previous findings in this clinical population. One last theme named as facilitators of coping implied that the participants tried to deal with the burdens by using available resources, adapt to the changes in their daily living, and benefit from social interaction and support.

Conclusions:

To conclude, people with schizophrenia seem to be coping with challenges posed by the pandemic with diverse strategies and they seem to even experience psychological growth alongside with negative impacts. The individualized needs and potential for growth have pivotal implications for the management of the illness during the pandemic.
In Between the Lines: Black and Brown Adolescents Creating a Homeplace Across School Settings
Authors: Germinaro Kaleb
Published: March 2022

This study examined the identity resources available to Black and Brown students who play football across space in their school, and how the resources were used to navigate situations of race, racism and identity. Natural conversations and participant observations detailed experiences, identities, and resistance as they moved through spaces within their school environment. Sociocultural learning theories frame their experiences through composite space narratives. Reframing what constitutes learning, who's considered an educator and what are considered educational spaces is necessary. Findings provide implications for identities being supported across space and the role of football coaches in facilitating learning.
Dreams of a Globalized University in Ecuador: The Reforms of the Rafael Correa Government
Authors: Espinosa Betty , María Goetschel Ana , Carrasco Fernando
Published: March 2022

The reform of Ecuadorian universities implemented since 2007 has followed the trend toward internationalization and a globalized university system. It is inconsistent not only with national needs but with historical traditions regarding university autonomy, cogovernance, and social commitment in Latin America. These changes are part of long-term processes that began in the 1970s with neoliberal reforms in Chile. Neoliberalism is not limited to privatization but, nourished by the neoclassical school of economics, emphasizes the individual subject, financing according to results and measured by the number of students or by the production of scientific research articles with international reference, competitiveness among actors and institutions, and the control and disciplining of institutions that contribute to the commodification of the relations within and between institutions of higher education. These reforms have produced elements such as quasi-markets in the public and social sectors.

La reforma de las universidades ecuatorianas implementada desde 2007 ha seguido una tendencia hacia la internacionalización y un sistema universitario globalizado. Resulta inconsistente no solo con las necesidades nacionales sino también las tradiciones históricas en torno a la autonomía universitaria, el cogobierno y el compromiso social en América Latina. Estos cambios son parte de procesos de largo plazo que comenzaron en la década de 1970 con las reformas neoliberales en Chile. El neoliberalismo no se limita a la privatización sino que, a partir de la escuela económica neoclásica, enfatiza el sujeto individual, el financiamiento acorde a los resultados y medidas como el número de estudiantes, la producción de artículos de investigación científica con referencia internacional, la competitividad entre actores e instituciones, y el control y disciplina de las instituciones que contribuyen a la mercantilización de las relaciones dentro y entre las instituciones de educación superior. Estas reformas han producido elementos que podrían describirse como cuasi-mercados en los sectores público y social.
Are You Listening to Me? The Negative Link Between Extraversion and Perceived Listening
Authors: Flynn Francis J. , Collins Hanne , Zlatev Julian
Published: March 2022

Extraverts are often characterized as highly social individuals who are highly invested in their interpersonal interactions. We propose that extraverts’ interaction partners hold a different view—that extraverts are highly social, but not highly invested. Across six studies (five preregistered; N = 2,456), we find that interaction partners consistently judge more extraverted individuals to be worse listeners than less extraverted individuals. Furthermore, interaction partners assume that extraversion is positively associated with a greater ability to modify one’s self-presentation. This behavioral malleability (i.e., the “acting” component of self-monitoring) may account for the unfavorable lay belief that extraverts are not listening.
Examining English Language Arts Teachers: Evidence from National Data
Authors: Nguyen Tuan D. , Northrop Laura
Published: March 2022

Background:

Much of the previous research in teacher attrition and retention focuses on teachers in general, without regard to specific types of teachers. We focus on English language arts (ELA) and English as a second language (ESL) teachers because the United States has stubbornly low achievement in reading, and reading is critical to the success of learning other subjects, and because these are the two groups of teachers most responsible for teaching both native and non-native English speakers to read.

Purpose:

Our goal is to understand how the demographics and qualifications of ELA and ESL teachers have changed over time, changes in the student characteristics and school conditions in which they teach, their attrition rate, and the factors that are associated with their attrition behaviors. We also pay close attention to teachers in economically disadvantaged schools.

Research Design:

We use nationally representative data from seven waves of the Schools and Staffing Survey from 1987–1988 to 2011–2012, as well as the 2015–2016 National Teacher and Principal Survey to examine ELA and ESL teachers and their turnover behaviors. We employ sampling weights to make the results nationally representative. We use both descriptive and regression analyses to examine these teachers.

Data Analysis:

We first describe how characteristics of ELA and ESL teachers and the schools in which they teach have changed from 1988 to 2016. We then examine how these characteristics vary systematically across high- and low-poverty schools and compare the attrition rate for ELA and ESL teachers relative to other teachers. We also examine the factors that are associated with various forms of turnover and how organizational supports may be leveraged to increase retention.

Findings:

We find the composition of ELA and ESL teachers has changed substantially over time, with more teachers attending selective schools, being certified to teach, and more likely to teach in high-poverty schools. Relatedly, teacher characteristics in high- and low-poverty schools are consistently different across time, and school working conditions play an enhanced role in high-poverty schools rather than in more affluent schools.

Conclusions:

Although we find ELA teachers turn over at similar rates compared to non-ELA teachers, we find ESL teachers are more likely to leave both their current school and the profession. This is particularly concerning given that the ESL population is increasing while at the same time there is a shortage of trained-ESL teachers.
Organizational Practices and Second-Generation Gender Bias: A Qualitative Inquiry into the Career Progression of U.S. State-Level Managers
Authors: D’Agostino Maria , Levine Helisse , Sabharwal Meghna , Johnson-Manning Al C
Published: March 2022

Ely and Meyerson’s gendered organizations framework reconceptualizes traditional gender differences defined by biology and lack of structural opportunities, to a complex set of social relations in the workplace. We apply this framework to second-generation gender bias to further understand impediments to women's career progression in the public sector workplace. In-depth interviews of state-level administrators in U.S. public sector agencies indicate that “narratives” perpetuate second-generation gender bias that is deeply ingrained in organizational practices and policies, especially for women and women of color. This framework can be applied to future studies examining the gendered nature of organizations in different workplace settings. Moving beyond already identified barriers, this study offers a comprehensive framework to understand how second-generation gender bias is central to long-standing workplace inequities.
Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement in heavy chain deposition disease suggests it is a plasma cell disease: a case report
Authors: Rao Qingqing , Xu Ricong , Wan Qijun
Published: March 2022

Heavy chain deposition disease (HCDD) is characterized by the deposition of truncated monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chains along glomerular basement membranes. Truncated heavy chains are thought to be associated with plasma cell disease (PCD), but previous bone marrow cytology tests showed that only 30% of HCDD cases are related to PCDs. We report the first known use of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene rearrangement to diagnose a patient with γ3-HCDD, although bone marrow morphology test identified no abnormalities. Our findings provide strong evidence for a correlation between PCDs and HCDD, which could help understand the genetic background underlying abnormal heavy chains and assess disease prognosis. Further, concordant with previous findings, bortezomib-based chemotherapy had a good therapeutic effect in our patient. We summarize the experience of diagnosing and treating a case of HCDD, and combine this with a literature review to further explore the correlation between PCDs and HCDD, which has important clinical value.
Neuropathology of feral conures with bromethalin toxicosis
Authors: Seguel Mauricio , McManamon Rita , Reavill Drury , Van Sant Fern , Hassan Sayed M. , Ritchie Branson W. , Howerth Elizabeth W.
Published: March 2022

Bromethalin is a widely used neurotoxic rodenticide sometimes affecting nontarget wildlife. However, the effects of bromethalin on avian species are largely unknown. Here, we report the neuropathology of 14 feral conures ( Psittacara sp.) with bromethalin toxicosis. Clinically, all birds presented with different degrees of paraparesis that sometimes progressed to dysphagia, ataxia, and tetraparesis. Histologically, there was astrogliosis, pallor, and vacuolation of white matter in the brain. This was usually more prominent in the medial longitudinal fasciculus, pons, optic tectum, cerebellar peduncle, and ventral funiculus. In most affected areas, there was loss of oligodendrocytes, and axons had extensive myelin loss or marked intramyelinic edema with splitting of myelin sheaths at the intraperiod line. Conures with bromethalin toxicosis had neuropathological changes similar to those of mammals exposed to bromethalin but with a characteristic distribution, probably related to higher susceptibility to cytotoxic edema in certain regions of the avian brain.
Real-world efficacy of galcanezumab for the treatment of migraine in Korean patients
Authors: Kwon Soonwook , Gil Young-Eun , Lee Mi Ji
Published: March 2022

Background and objective

We aimed to provide real-world data on the effectiveness of an anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody administered for treating migraine in Korean patients.

Methods

We prospectively recruited patients with migraine who received galcanezumab treatment at a single university hospital from June 2020 to April 2021. The treatment response was assessed after three consecutive monthly injections. A 50% responder rate was evaluated based on ≥50% reduction in the number of moderate/severe headache days.

Results

Overall, 87 patients were included in the analysis. Most patients were women (83.9%). They had a mean age of 41.7 ± 12.3 years (range 17–72). Sixty-five patients (74.7%) had chronic migraine, 35 patients (40.2%) had a history of medication-overuse headache, and 32 patients (36.8%) were previously unresponsive to or found intolerable five classes of preventive medication. After three months of treatment, mean changes in numbers of monthly headache days, moderate/severe headache days, crystal clear days, and days of acute medication use were −7.2 ± 8.43, −4.3 ± 9.76, 7.3 ± 8.50, and −4.1 ± 7.93, respectively. The 50% responder rates were 58.3%, 44.2%, and 40.6% for patients with unsuccessful previous use of 0–1, 2–4, and 5 preventive medication classes, respectively. Headache Impact Test-6 and Migraine Disability Assessment Test scores also decreased (−4.4 ± 8.09 and −32.9 ± 77.04, respectively).

Conclusion

In our cohort, the effectiveness and safety of galcanezumab were comparable with those reported in clinical trials, whereas a higher response rate was observed in the difficult-to-treat patient subset than that reported in trials. We provide real-world evidence of galcanezumab treatment benefits in Asian patients with migraine.
The spectrum of indomethacin-responsive headaches in children and adolescents
Authors: Myers Kenneth A , Barmherzig Rebecca , Raj Nichelle R , Berrahmoune Saoussen , Ingelmo Pablo , Saint-Martin Christine , Khan Afsheen Q , Kouri Megan , Morris Cynthia , Hershey Andrew D , Kacperski Joanne , Kabbouche Marielle A , Mohamed Nada , Rao Rashmi R , Lagman-Bartolome Ana Marissa , Gelfand Amy A , Szperka Christina L , Orr Serena L
Published: March 2022

Background

Headaches with marked, specific response to indomethacin occur in children, but the phenotypic spectrum of this phenomenon has not been well-studied.

Methods

We reviewed pediatric patients with headache showing ≥80% improvement with indomethacin, from seven academic medical centers.

Results

We included 32 pediatric patients (16 females). Mean headache onset age was 10.9 y (range 2–16 y). Headache syndromes included hemicrania continua (n = 13), paroxysmal hemicrania (n = 10), primary stabbing headache (n = 2), short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (n = 1), primary exercise headache (n = 1) and primary cough headache (n = 1). Adverse events were reported in 13, most commonly gastrointestinal symptoms, which often improved with co-administration of gastro-protective agents.

Conclusion

Indomethacin-responsive headaches occur in children and adolescents, and include headache syndromes, such as primary cough headache, previously thought to present only in adulthood. The incidence of adverse events is high, and patients must be co-treated with a gastroprotective agent.
Efficacy and safety of eptinezumab in patients with migraine and self-reported aura: Post hoc analysis of PROMISE-1 and PROMISE-2
Authors: Ashina Messoud , McAllister Peter , Cady Roger , Hirman Joe , Ettrup Anders
Published: March 2022

Background

This post hoc subgroup analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of eptinezumab for migraine prevention in patients with migraine and self-reported aura.

Methods

PROMISE-1 (NCT02559895; episodic migraine) and PROMISE-2 (NCT02974153; chronic migraine) were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that evaluated eptinezumab for migraine prevention. In both studies, the primary outcome was the mean change from baseline in monthly migraine days over Weeks 1–12. Patients in this analysis included those who self-reported migraine with aura at screening.

Results

Of patients with episodic migraine, ∼75% reported a history of aura at screening; of patients with chronic migraine, ∼35% reported a history of aura. Changes in monthly migraine days over Weeks 1–12 were –4.0 (100 mg) and –4.2 (300 mg) with eptinezumab versus –3.1 with placebo in patients with episodic migraine with aura, and were –7.1 (100 mg) and –7.6 (300 mg) with eptinezumab versus –6.0 with placebo in patients with chronic migraine with aura. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported by 56.0% (100 mg), 57.4% (300 mg), and 55.4% (placebo) of patients.

Conclusions

The preventive migraine efficacy of eptinezumab in patients in the PROMISE studies who self-reported aura was comparable to the overall study populations, demonstrating a similarly favorable safety and tolerability profile. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02559895 and NCT02974153
Unilateral increased visual sensitivity in cluster headache: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Brandt Roemer B , Cnossen Victor M , Doesborg Patty GG , Coo Ilse Frederieke de , Perenboom Matthijs J L. , Carpay Johannes A , Meilof Roy , Terwindt Gisela Marie , Ferrari Michel D , Fronczek Rolf
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives

Increased sensitivity to light and patterns is typically associated with migraine, but has also been anecdotally reported in cluster headache, leading to diagnostic confusion. We wanted to assess whether visual sensitivity is increased ictally and interictally in cluster headache.

Methods

We used the validated Leiden Visual Sensitivity Scale (L-VISS) questionnaire (range 0-36 points) to measure visual sensitivity in people with episodic or chronic cluster headache: (i) during attacks; (ii) in-between attacks; and in episodic cluster headache (iii) in-between bouts. The L-VISS scores were compared with the L-VISS scores obtained in a previous study in healthy controls and participants with migraine.

Results

Mean L-VISS scores were higher for: (i) ictal vs interictal cluster headache (episodic cluster headache: 11.9 ± 8.0 vs. 5.2 ± 5.5, chronic cluster headache: 13.7 ± 8.4 vs 5.6 ± 4.8; p < 0.001); (ii) interictal cluster headache vs controls (5.3 ± 5.2 vs 3.6 ± 2.8, p < 0.001); (iii) interictal chronic cluster headache vs interictal ECH in bout (5.9 ± 0.5 vs 3.8 ± 0.5, p = 0.009), and (iv) interictal episodic cluster headache in bout vs episodic cluster headache out-of-bout (5.2 ± 5.5 vs. 3.7 ± 4.3, p < 0.001). Subjective visual hypersensitivity was reported by 110/121 (91%; 9 missing) participants with cluster headache and was mostly unilateral in 70/110 (64%) and ipsilateral to the ictal pain in 69/70 (99%) participants.

Conclusion

Cluster headache is associated with increased ictal and interictal visual sensitivity. In contrast to migraine, this is mostly unilateral and ipsilateral on the side of the ictal pain.
Head/neck pain characteristics after spontaneous cervical artery dissection in the acute phase and on a long-run
Authors: Mayer-Suess Lukas , Frank Florian , Töll Thomas , Boehme Christian , Gizewski Elke R , Ratzinger Gudrun , Broessner Gregor , Kiechl Stefan , Knoflach Michael
Published: March 2022

Objective

Head/neck pain is one of the primary symptoms associated with spontaneous cervical artery dissection. Still, data on pain quality, intensity, and long-term dynamics are scarce.

Methods

Spontaneous cervical artery dissection subjects were included if mural hematoma was visualised through T1 fat-saturated MRI at baseline. All available medical records were evaluated and patients were invited to standardised clinical follow-up visits at least 1 year after the index event.

Results

In total, 279 subjects were included in the ReSect-study with head/neck pain being the most frequent symptom of spontaneous cervical artery dissection (220 of 273, 80.6%). Pain was of pulling nature in 107 of 218 (49.1%), and extended to the neck area in 145 of 218 (66.5%). In those with prior headache history, pain was novel in quality in 75.4% (42 of 55). Median patient-reported pain intensity was 5 out of 10 with thunderclap-type headache being uncommon (12 of 218, 5.5%). Prior to hospital admission, head/neck pain rarely responded to self-medication (32 of 218, 14.7%). Characteristics did not differ between subjects with and without cerebral ischemia. Pain resolved completely in all subjects within a median of 13.5 days (IQR 12). Upon follow-up in 42 of 164 (25.6%) novel recurring headache occurred, heterogeneous in quality, localisation and intensity.

Conclusion

We present an in-depth analysis of spontaneous cervical artery dissection-related head/neck pain characteristics and its long-term dynamics.
Are Electric Vehicle Targets Enough? The Decarbonization Benefits of Managed Charging and Second-Life Battery Uses
Authors: Dean Matthew D. , Kockelman Kara M.
Published: March 2022

Vehicle electrification delivers fast decarbonization benefits by significantly improving vehicle efficiency and relying on less carbon-intense feedstocks. As power grids transition away from carbon-intensive generation and battery energy density improves, the transportation sector’s greenhouse gas savings may deliver upwards of a 75% reduction in current carbon footprint for many nations. Actual savings depend on many variables, like power grid feedstocks, charging rates and schedules, driver behavior, and weather. A special synergy between power and transportation sectors comes via managed charging and second-life battery uses for energy storage systems. This paper reviews the added carbon and energy savings that can come from these two strategies. If charging stations are widely available at one’s destination, utility-controlled managed charging could reduce emissions from electric vehicle charging by one-third. Downcycling electric vehicle batteries for energy storage can also lower peaker power plant use, avoid curtailment of renewable feedstocks, and lessen households’ power-based carbon footprints by half—or contribute up to 5% of grid power capacity.
Unpacking the Influence of Islamic Religious Culture and Individual Religious Affiliation on Testing HIV-positive
Authors: Hayes Brittany E. , Adamczyk Amy
Published: March 2022

The distribution of HIV cases varies cross-nationally. We separate the influences of Islam at the macro- and micro-levels to understand the role of religion in shaping the spread of HIV. Drawing on biomarker data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, we construct a multilevel database (Individual N = 568,476; Country N = 30). We examine a series of national- and individual-level predictors that may mediate the relationship between Islam and testing HIV-positive. Individual religious affiliation and proportion Muslim retained their risk-reducing effects even when accounting for a range of mediators and suppressors. Islam has a sui generis effect on testing HIV-positive.
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate: Many similarities and few differences
Authors: Schupp Thomas , Plehiers Patrick M
Published: March 2022

Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) are high production volume chemicals used for the manufacture of polyurethanes. For both substances, the most relevant adverse health effects after overexposure in the workplace are isocyanate-induced asthma, lung function decrement and, to a much lesser extent, skin effects. Over the last two decades many articles have addressed the reactivity of MDI and TDI in biological media and the associated biochemistry, which increased the understanding of their biochemical and physiological behavior. In this review, these new insights with respect to similarities and differences concerning the adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of these two diisocyanates and the implications on their toxicities are summarized. Both TDI and MDI show very similar behavior in reactivity to biological macromolecules, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Evidence suggests that the isocyanate (NCO) group is scavenged at the portal-of-entry and is not systemically available in unbound reactive form. This explains the lack of other than portal-of-entry toxicity observed in repeated-dose inhalation tests.
Experience with Pediatric Neurology e-Consults from a Specialist Perspective at an Academic Center
Authors: Abu Libdeh Amal , Flanigan Joseph , Heinan Kristen
Published: March 2022

Introduction

E-consults improve access to specialty expertise and increase satisfaction for patients and Primary Care Providers (PCPs). Pediatric neurology may be perceived as less amenable to e-consults compared to other specialties.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of e-consults performed by pediatric neurologists at the University of Virginia. We reviewed the electronic medical records and analyzed the content of e-consults, recommendations from specialists, and subsequent actions by PCPs.

Results

Between April 2019 and April 2021, 58 e-consults were performed by pediatric neurologists. Most common indications included spells, headache, and tremor. In 56.9% of cases, the answer was provided without recommending a face-to-face (FTF) visit. For patients seen in clinic, e-consults reduced wait time and facilitated the clinic visit.

Discussion

E-consults are a suitable option for pediatric neurology, and they help with the workflow. Further education is needed to improve utility of e-consults in pediatric neurology.
The Use of Simulation Based Learning: With Bachelor of Science Pharmaceutical Science and PharmD Students
Authors: Gold Justin L. , Chichester Amanda M. , Chichester Clinton O.
Published: March 2022

Background and purpose

Interprofessional education between bachelor of science pharmaceutical science (BSPS) students and Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students is rare. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, more than 80% of medical schools incorporate simulation based teaching within all four years of the curriculum. Educational activity and setting: The University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy healthcare simulation lab has developed integrated educational opportunities for both groups of students by offering independent study opportunities that allow BSPS students to collaborate with PharmD students. A recent example of this model includes BSPS student development of patient cases which are integrated into high-fidelity human patient simulators with faculty assistance. A senior BSPS student researched and designed four clinical patient cases which were presented to P3 pharmacy students. Findings: In all four cases, there was an increase in knowledge and attitudes following the simulation. Qualitative comments from students noted the importance of patient education and an enhanced ability to manage disease and side effects. Summary: The nature of the simulation lab at the University of Rhode Island is a platform that can be modeled by other institutions with both PharmD and BSPS programs.
Regulatory mechanisms of Beta-carotene and BCMO1 in adipose tissues: A gene enrichment-based bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wang Yutao , Wang Jinshen , Zhao Yuhua , Liu Pingxiang , Cai Da , Zhang Xiao , Gao Lei
Published: March 2022

Beta-carotene (β-carotene, BC) is one of the carotenoids most commonly consumed by humans. BCMO1 is expressed in various human tissues and is considered to be a key enzyme that converts BC into vitamin A. Studies indicated that BC-derived carotenoid signaling molecules affected the physiological functions of fat cells. In order to investigate the role and possible molecular mechanism of BC in mouse adipocytes, we conducted 4-group and 2-group difference analysis based on the data of GSE27271 chip in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Genes differentially expressed in the inguinal white adipose tissue of mice were screened out and combined with the STRING database to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Among them, Alb (albumin), Mug1 (murinoglobulin-1) and Uox (urate oxidase) genes were at relatively key positions and may affect the action of BC. Besides, Ppara (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha), Acly (ATP-citrate lyase) and Fabp5 (fatty acid-binding protein 5) genes constituted functional partners with many genes in the PPI network, and these genes may be Bcmo1 targeting molecules. Gene Ontology (GO) function and signaling pathways enrichment analysis were performed on the genes with protein interaction relationship in the PPI network. Fatty acid binding, cholesterol metabolic process, and regulation of fatty acid metabolic process were significantly enriched, and PPAR signaling pathway showed the most significant, indicating that BC and Bcmo1 might synergistically affect body metabolic functions such as fat metabolism. In general, BC and Bcmo1 may play a role in fat metabolism in mice, thereby affecting other functions or diseases.
Setting out the boundaries of jobseekers’ residence status and beyond: Case C-710/19 G.M.A. v État belge
Authors: Babayev Rufat
Published: March 2022

This contribution examines the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union delivered in Case C-710/19 G.M.A. v État belge. It is argued that this ruling brings some degree of certainty and transparency to the nature and extent of residence rights guaranteed to jobseekers, considering the fragmented and dispersed outline of their status within the framework of Directive 2004/38. G.M.A. v État belge can also be viewed as a possible catalyst for recasting Directive 2004/38 to provide a clear and systematic layout of jobseekers’ residence status in host Member States. However, it is questionable whether this would, in fact, provide an enhanced protection of jobseekers, since this ruling to suggests that the Court's methodology to ascertain the residence rights of Union citizens varies based on the explicit wording of Union secondary law.
Clinical Application Value of Multimedia Education and Nursing Intervention in a Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Huang Hongfang , Liang Junli , Chen Xiuzhen , Shi Lili , Zeng Guanzhen , Wu Yaomin , Yang Chunhong
Published: March 2022

To explore the application value of multimedia education and nursing intervention in a coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). A total of 120 patients who underwent a 256-slice spiral CCTA examination in our hospital from April 2019 to April 2020 were selected. Patients were divided into two groups of 60 patients each, that is, the control group and the observation group, using a random number table method. The control group received traditional education before an examination, and patients were given routine breathing training. The observation group was given multimedia education and nursing intervention. The heart rate (HR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and respiratory rate in the two groups were observed. The psychological status, imaging quality, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. The HR, DBP, SBP, and respiratory rate of the observation group were all lower compared to those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Following multimedia education and nursing intervention, the anxiety and depression scores of patients in the observation group were considerably lower compared with those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Observation group image quality I level higher than the control group, and the proportion of patients with the difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.05). The proportion of grade II to IV patients was lower in the observation group than in the control group; however, the difference was not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (χ2, p = .031). For patients undergoing a CCTA examination, multimedia education and nursing intervention can effectively improve their immediate psychological state, control their heart rate, and blood pressure before the examination, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and improve imaging quality, thereby improving the overall reliability of a clinical diagnosis.
Prevalence of Frailty and Associated Factors Among Hospitalized Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lan Xiuyan , Yi Bilan , Chen Xiaohuan , Jin Shuang , Chen Qiuhua , Wang Zijuan
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of frailty and associated factors among hospitalized older adults. It consisted of 184 hospitalized older adults recruited between October 2019 to January 2020. We used the FRAIL scale, Geriatric Depression Scale–15, and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index to collect data. Descriptive statistics, independent group t-test, Chi-square (χ2) tests, and logistic regression were applied to statistical analysis. It found that the prevalence of frailty among hospitalized older adults was 39.7%. Depression (Mild: OR = 5.312, 95% CI [2.384–11.833]; Moderate: OR = 6.630, 95% CI [2.077–21.160]) and low activities of daily living (ADL) (Slight dependence: OR = 5.667, 95% CI [1.308–24.557]; Moderate dependence: OR = 15.188, 95% CI [3.342–69.016]; Severe dependence: OR = 5.872, 95% CI [2.645–13.038]) were independent predictors of frailty. Future studies on the interventions to reduce depression, improve ADL and delay the progression of frailty are encouraged. We should focus more on ADL, emotional and psychological state of hospitalized older adults to prevent frailty.
Preservice Music Teacher Education: The View From 20 Years Later
Authors: Conway Colleen
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this inquiry was to describe the preservice music teacher education perceptions of 10 experienced music teachers who had participated in studies of teacher education 10 and 20 years ago. Data included written responses and two individual interviews. The first four themes show participants’ reactions to the past and suggestions for the future in the areas of musicianship, fieldwork, student teaching, and detracking of curricula. Changing expectations of themselves in their teaching over the years included a focus on process, relationships, and well-being. The final theme, thoughts on change in music teacher education, provides combined general perceptions from participants about preservice music teacher education over the past 20 years. A discussion with connection to current preservice music teacher education literature is included after each theme.