bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN INSTRUKSIONAL GURU DAN FASILITAS KELAS TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI MOTIVASI BELAJAR
Authors: Utari Revindi Aryandwita , Widodo Joko
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepemimpinan instruksional guru dan fasilitas kelas terhadap prestasi belajar melalui motivasi belajar. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X IPS SMA Muahmmadiyah 1 Pati yang berjumlah 48 orang. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampel jenuh. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi dan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa motivasi belajar dan kepemimpinan instruksional guru berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar. Fasilitas kelas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar. Kepemimpinan instruksional guru dan fasilitas kelas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar. Kepemimpinan instruksional guru dan fasilitas kelas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar melalui motivasi belajar. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah guru harus memiliki kepemimpinan instruksional dalam mengelola pembelajaran di kelas dengan cara meningkatkan keterampilan mengajar. Didukung dengan fasilitas kelas yang ada seperti memanfaatkan media pengajaran sehingga pembelajaran lebih menarik. Motivasi siswa dalam belajar juga akan meningkat dan prestasi belajar yang optimal diharapkan dapat tercapai.

 

This study aims to analyze the effect of teacher instructional leadershipand class facilities on learning achievement through learning motivation. The population of this study was students of class X IPS SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pati as many as 48 students. The sampling methodused saturated sampling. Data collection techniques  in this study usedquestionnairesand documentation. Data analysis method used descriptive analysis and path analysis. The study results show that learning motivation and teacher instructional leadership have a positive and significant effect to learning achievement. Class facilities don’t have a significant effect to learning achievement. Teacher instructional leadership and class facilities have a positive and significant effect to learning motivation. Teacher instructional leadership and class facilities have a positive and significant effect to learning achievement through learning motivation. The suggestions of this study are the teachers should have instructional leadership in managing of classroom and improving teaching skills. They also should by support class facilities such as teaching media so that teaching and learning will be more interesting. Then, the students’ motivation will increase. Finally, the optimal learning achievement can be achieved.
KRITINIAI PAMĄSTYMAI APIE LIETUVOS UŽSIENIO POLITIKĄ
Authors: Nekrašas Evaldas
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the fundamentals of Lithuanian foreign policy. It is an attempt to evaluate its understructure, principles, advantages and shortcomings. Author’s point of departure is a non-official paper “Lithuania’s Foreign Policy Concept” prepared by the Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1994. Strategic goals of the Lithuanian foreign policy laid down in that document were the basis of the Lithuanian foreign policy making until the country joined the EU and NATO in 2004. Having supposedly attained those goals Lithuania adopted and proceeded to implement hastily the so-cal­led “new Lithuanian foreign policy”. Yet the author has serious doubts that the strate­gic goals of the Lithuanian foreign policy as defined in 1994 were fully achieved in 2004. The goals were three: (1) EU, (2) NATO, (3) good relations with neighbors. Yet Lithuania still is not a full-fledged member of either the EU or NATO. It is a mere new­comer. And its relations with Russia got even worse than they were in the late nineties. The article proceeds to exploring a rather strenuous question: are the tensions between the two countries caused solely by the Russian misbehavior as Lithuanian politicians mostly claim or is the Lithuanian foreign policy also to blame. The relati­ons with Russia are examined in the context of Lithuania’s relations with the US and the EU. The crucial idea of the “new Lithuanian foreign policy”, that of the center or leader of an unnamed and undefined region, presumably of the Eastern Europe or at least a part of it, is put under scrutiny. The author claims that (1) for a small country such a role is utterly unrealistic, (2) attempts to play that role have nothing to do with national interests the foreign policy has serve, (3) playing the chosen role complica­tes relations both with other EU countries and with Russia. The article ends with the conclusion that the foundation of the Lithuanian foreign policy must be its Western, not Eastern policy.
KAD DEMOKRATIJA VEIKTŲ ŽINIŲ VISUOMENĖJE
Authors: Jankauskas Algimantas
Published: January 2019

...
EUROPOS PARLAMENTO NARIŲ BALSAVIMAS: KODĖL JIE YRA LOJALŪS NACIONALINĖMS VALSTYBĖMS?
Authors: Skusevičienė Dorota
Published: January 2019

The article discusses factors, determining loyalty of the European Parliament mem­bers, which is marginalized in most of researches on the European Parliament. The initial assumption holds that as given the rates of loyalty to the national states are high it is groundless to assess it as a neutral variable. Loyalty of the European Parliament members to national states can significantly contribute to the studies of European Parliament’s internal relations and power contribution.The first section of this article presents and analyses main insights of the influ­ence of national parties and political groups on the voting behavior of the European Parliament members, justifying objective reasons which caused marginalization of importance of the European Parliament members’ loyalty to national states. It should be noted that the European Parliament members, like most of other politicians, have fixed set of objectives forming their choices. Goals of re-election, positions and policy (leading to power gains/losses) are leading. In the hands of national parties and political groups these goals become instruments of pressure and enforcement, determining behavior of the European Parliament members. National parties control­ling the access of candidates to the electoral lists and defining their position on those lists gain extreme importance in the competition for loyalty. Since political groups of the European Parliament have dominant political force for the second objective of the parliament members each of them have an interest in maintaining balance between loyalty to the national party and particular political group. Loyalty to national states loses its importance as it has minimal influence on the success of achieving objectives of the parliament members.The second section is devoted to the research of links between voting of Euro­pean Parliament members and their national states, more specifically – to the analysis of European Parliament members’ loyalty to their national states. Lithuania is chosen as a case study. The fact that loyalty to the national states during 2004–2009 and 2009–2014 terms of the European Parliament is over 85 % indicates that this vari­able should not be seen as accidental or insignificant. It is argued that loyalty to the national state mainly reflects voting unity of national delegation. The rest of this sec­tion analyzes factors which can explain why, despite the fact that national delegation is very diverse in the context of left-right ideological divide, rates of loyalty to the national states, demonstrated by the national delegations, remain very high.The article concludes stating that loyalty of European Parliament members to their national states is a valuable source of data for the analysis of the party behavior in the European Parliament as well as outside it and should not be overlooked.
POSTKOMUNIZMAS KAIP IDEOLOGINĖ KONSTRUKCIJA
Authors: VALANTIEJUS VAIDOTAS
Published: January 2019

The main task of this article is the conceptualization of post-communism. The article seeks to challenge the persistence tendency to describe post-communism only as a political and geographical phenomenon. Post-communism is shown to be a complex process that fits uneasily into pre-given categories. Ideology as a complex of theories, convictions, beliefs, argumentative procedures is one of the most important dimen­sions of post-communism. This article insists on the importance of ideology without falling into the traps of either determinism or historicism.The article challenges the dominant universal discourse of political liberalism, which sees post-communist change as a one-way process of transition to liberal de­mocracy and free market. This universal politics of post-communism produces new hierarchies and forms of exclusion between ‘postmodern’ West and ‘post-communist’ East. Thus we need to employ the tools of post-colonialism and postmodernism to explore and deconstruct the operation of the concept of post-communism through language, culture and institutions.The article argues that so called neutral ‘post-ideological consensus’ is actually ideological and contradictory. Post-communism is not the objective ‘transitional’ re­ality, rather it is the subjective (mis)perception of ideological representations. The ar­ticle also challenges the myths of ‘the end of ideology’, ‘the end of communism’ and ‘the end of modernity’. Post-communism is not the transitional condition from ideo­logy of communism to ‘post-ideological’ liberal democracy, but rather the complex, ambivalent and long historical norm, or, in other words, specific type of modernity.
DISERTACIJA APIE POLITINIO STABILUMO CENTRINĖS AZIJOS VALSTYBĖSE PROBLEMĄ
Authors: INFORMACIJA REDAKCIJOS
Published: January 2019

Chronicle
VALSTYBĖS VALDOMŲ ĮMONIŲ VALDYMO KONTROLĖS IR AUTONOMIJOS POVEIKIS VEIKLOS EFEKTYVUMUI
Authors: JURKONIS LIUDAS
Published: January 2019

Based on the international review of SOE’s management practice and appropriate academical literature review, the paper seeks to explain and summarise main deter­minants of SOE performance efficiency. Specific case of Lithuania and / or other post-soviet countries have not be analysed in depth. Therefore, elements of SOE per­formance management are being analysed in this paper to understand the relations between SOE and its shareholder (state / government), SOE profitability and its con­tribution to the budget, quality of SOE services and production, the level of public and state interest to be included into the performance indicators of the specific SOE (e.g., in cases of natural monopolies and / or strategic interests of the state). Accordingly, as per main paradigms of public administration (including the analysis of traditional bureaucratic system, new public management (NPM) and post-NPM) SOE performance efficiency is being analysed via control or management au­tonomy concepts.Based on the analysis of best practices, summarised SOE management experi­ences of OECD countries, it is seen that the control of the state is being influenced via regulative and / or strategic resource management decisions. On the other hand, the autonomy of SOE is mainly related to the economical results (e.g., strong economi­cal performance will increase the autonomy of SOE), market environment SOE is working in (e.g., high level of competition will require bigger autonomy of SOE), other factors (e.g., reputation of the executive managers of the SOE). Thus, analytical model (set of determining factors) which could be applied for the analysis of Lithua­nian SOE management reform and its impact is being presented below:(i) External environment (political, social, competitive environment);(ii) Level of managerial autonomy (in the areas of strategic, market, financial, operational management); (iii) Public visibility via the number of customers, nature of services / goods provided by the company; (iv) Performance and economical efficiency (size of the company, revenue gen­erated).The biggest challenge of the presented model is that factors identified above are interdependently related. However, despite this challenge, in further researches this model will be tested on the base of Lithuanian SOE’s seeking (1) to understand the actual level of influence of the above mentioned factors to the management efficiency of Lithuanian SOEs, (2) adapt and improve the model based on the empirical evi­dence of the research.
BALTARUSIJOS VALSTYBĖS ISTORIJA KAIP BŪDAS PAAIŠKINTI REŽIMĄ
Authors: PRANEVIČIŪTĖ-NELIUPŠIENĖ JOVITA
Published: January 2019

Review
KELIOS MINTYS APIE NAUJĄ TIRONIJĄ
Authors: KRUŽIKAS JONAS
Published: January 2019

Review
PRANCŪZIŠKOJO KOLONIALIZMO ĮTAKA POKOLONIJINIO DRAMBLIO KAULO KRANTO VALDANČIOJO ELITO TRANSFORMACIJAI
Authors: MAZGELYTĖ RŪTA
Published: January 2019

The article adapts insights from the classical approach to power balance and from a critical approach to structural mechanisms in the construction of power (hegemony) to investigate the case of Ivory Coast. The main problem in the case of Ivory Coast is that the state of its habitants was politically re-engineered through the concept of Ivoirite. Such a state widens the gap between citizens and “non-citizens anymore” or “citizens under question” and consolidates dominance relations. The object of this article is the transformation of the ruling elite in Ivory Coast. The author aims to analyze the influence of the French colonialism on the transformation of the ruling elite’s dominance in Ivory Coast. The main objectives are to analyze how the French colonialism forms its dominance and to analyze the dominance dynamics of the postcolonial ruling elite in Ivory Coast. Taking into consideration the specifics of the topic, the author substantially relies on secondary information sources and analyses them employing comparative and interpretative research methods. The first part highlights how the French colonialism was maintaining relations of dominance not only between the colonists and the colonized, but also among local colonial habitants through the education and administration systems’ organization. The focus of the second part is on the transformation of the Ivory Coast ruling elite in the single-party and multi-party regimes. This research has revealed that the French colonialism maintained the exclusivity of local elites at the expense of other colonial habitants through a dualistic approach towards locals by organizing education and administrative activities. One-sided economic and regional priorities created conditions for the local economic elite growth on the ethnic base. The postcolonial ruling elite of Ivory Coast has split on the ethnic basis. Parties as channels to the ruling elite became ethnically clustered. The prolonged dominance of the Baoule ethnic group in the ruling elite and the recent emergence of a reshaped ruling elite reflect the regional and economic distinction rooted in colonial times.
Appraisal in history
Authors: Myskow Gordon
Published: January 2019

This article explores issues in applying Martin and White’s (2005) Appraisal framework to historical discourse. It outlines several modifications to the existing set of Appraisal tools to account for the following key evaluative aspects of history texts: (1) significance (2) fortune and (3) status. Resources for construing Significance (Salience, Depth (of Impact), Quantity and Distribution) are located in the Appreciation region of the Attitude network. A high/low parameter is proposed to account for how significance is scaled in terms of degree. Resources for construing Fortune and Status are located in the Judgment framework as subcategories of ‘Normality’. A ‘cline of contentiousness’ through the subcategories of Judgment is proposed to account for the gradation of contentiousness from the comparatively low-stakes evaluations of Fortune and Status to the highest-stakes judgments of Veracity and Propriety. Proposed revisions to the Appraisal framework are discussed in connection with key concepts in the literature of historiography.
‘Beyond the Brain: An Agentive Activity Perspective on Mind, Development, and Learning’ by I. M. Arievitch
Authors: McCafferty Steven
Published: January 2019

Beyond the Brain: An Agentive Activity Perspective on Mind, Development, and Learning by I. M. Arievitch
EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS CXCR3 AND CCR6, AND THEIR LIGANDS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C DURING ANTIVIRAL THERAPY USING PEGYLATED INTERFERONS
Authors: Basina V. V. , Arsentieva N. A. , Batsunov O. K. , Lyubimova N. E. , Semenov A. V. , Esaulenko E. V. , Totolian Areg A.
Published: January 2019

The work presents data on forty-one patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV, genotype 1), at different liver fibrosis stages. The studies were performed in the course of interferon-containing treatment regimens, i.e., pegylated interferon combined with ribavirin and pegylated interferon; ribavirin together with NS3/4A inhibitor of HCV serine protease. Concentrations of cytokines/chemokines (TNFα, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL20/MIP-3α, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL11/ITAC) were measured in blood plasma samples, using xMAP multiplex analysis. Flow cytometry studies were also performed in order to reveal cells with CCR6 and CXCR3 receptors in lymphocyte populations. The obtained results were analyzed using a statistical program package R. Results: 36 out of 41 patients achieved virological response, while 5 patients did not respond to the therapy. The responders were split into two groups, as follows: (1) liver fibrosis-free; (2) patients with fibrosis stages 1, 2 and 3. In the group of fibrosis-free patients, the decrease of CXCL11/ITAC concentration and the increase of TNFαwere observed, as well as increase of CTL CXCR3+content by the 12th week of therapy and an increase of NK CXCR3+by the end of treatment. In addition, this group exhibited a decrease in the CXCR3+B lymphocyte contents at this timepoint. Concentrations of CCL2/MCP-1 during treatment were increased in the patients with different stages of liver fibrosis, as compared to baseline. By the end of therapy, an increase in the relative content of NK CXCR3+and TNK CCR6+was also detected. The study confirmed a potential role of cytokines/chemokines TNFα, CCL2/MCP-1 and CXCL11/ITAC in activation of the cell-mediated immunity and elimination of the hepatitis C virus from the body. The results indicate that activation of T cellmediated immunity in both groups of the patients and reduction of B cells with CXCR3 receptor in the patients of first group is a positive prognostic factor showing efficiency of interferon therapy. Two of studied cytokines/ chemokines (TNFαand CCL20/MIP3α) differed in the groups of responders and non-responders at the start of therapy. Statistical evaluation of pre-treatment results has shown a tendency for differing concentration of TNFα, and CCL20/MIP3αamounts were significantly different for the patients of these groups. The plasma concentrations of CCL20/MIP3αin non-responders were > 4-fold higher than in responders to the therapy. Hence, the present study allowed us to propose the chemokine CCL20/MIP3α as a potential predictor of treatment outcomes in HCV infection.
INFLAMMATION AND IMMUNITY: A ROLE OF PATHOGENESIS OF OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: Shirinsky V. S. , Kazygasheva E. V. , Shirinsky I. V.
Published: January 2019

In this review we analyze literature data concerning participation of synovial inflammation, subchondral bone, humoral and cellular immune responses towards various cartilage autoantigens in the initiation and progression of primary osteoarthritis (OA). The vast majority of studies showed that the synovial inaflammation in OA is less pronounced than in RA but is more pronounced than in healthy people. In OA synovial tissue, macrophages and T-cells predominate in the inflammatory infiltrate. Some authors detected mast cells in the OA synovium in quantities higher than in healthy control and significantly higher than in RA patients. Most of researchers found many cytokines related to innate and adaptive immune cells in the OA synovial tissue, while in some studies the cells producing those cytokines were not identified. Among the cytokines there were both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory ones: IL-1b, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18. In addition, some authors detected IL-5, IL-13, IL-19, IL-21, IL-26, IL-32, and TGFb. A role of adaptive immune response in OA is supported by the presence of autoantibodies against antigen determinants of collagens type II, IX, XI, aggrecan, fibronectin fragments, in the synovial tissue, synovium fluid, and peripheral blood serum. The research data clearly support a role of chronic inflammation and changes in innate and adaptive immune response in the pathogenesis of OA thus justifying the change of the disease name from “osteoarthrosis” to “osteoarthritis”. This novel understanding of OA pathogenesis is paramount as it provides a rationale for modern anti-inflammatory treatments and discovery of new therapeutic targets. We discuss the results of studies evaluating efficacy and safety of some types of anti-inflammatory treatment of OA. Until now, treatment of OA directed on inflammation control was not successful. Thus, clinical trials of anti-TNFα anti-IL-1b strategies for the treatment of OA did not show clinically significant improvement in spite of multiple studies demonstrating elevated concentrations of TNFα and IL-1bin synovial fluid and subchondral bone in OA thus suggesting the role of these cytokines in the OA pathogenesis. On the other side, treatment with IL-1 inhibitor diacerein was found to be effective which can be explained by pleiotropic effects of this drug. It should be stressed out that in order to increase the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments of OA they should be initiated at early disease stages, thus necessitating the use of new informative biormarkers of early OA.
INFLUENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST CTLA-4 AND PD-1 UPON QUANTITIES OF THEIR TARGET RECEPTORS
Authors: Chikileva I. O. , Shubina I. Zh. , Samoylenko I. V. , Karaulov A. V. , Kiselevsky M. V.
Published: January 2019

Inhibitory receptors CTLA-4 and PD-1 (immune checkpoints) play a key role in regulation of immune reactions. They suppress excessive immune response against pathogenic microbes and prevent autoimmune reactions. The immune checkpoints are targets of the modern effective therapy based on human and humanized monoclonal antibodies (ipilimumab and nivolumab, tremelimumab, pembrolizumab, etc). However, despite its high efficiency compared to standard chemotherapy, the therapy based on blocking immune check points is facing several problems, i.e., high therapy cost and severe negative autoimmune-related side effects. Unfortunately, this therapy helps to minority of the patients. Hence, further studies are required to improve its efficiency and safety, as well as to search for selection criteria of the patients who would benefit from the therapy. An appealing approach to reduce negative side effects from immune checkpoint inhibition is application of the blocking antibodies, aiming for ex vivo generation of patients’ activated immune cells for cancer therapy, thus avoiding systemic drug administration. Our aim was to elucidate influence of immune checkpoint blocking antibodies on the expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in such anin vitromodel. First of all, we have determined quantities of lymphocyte receptors in peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, or cancer patients with disseminated melanoma. Moreover, we defined effect from the addition of antibodies against immune checkpoints on proportions of cells expressing CTLA-4 and PD-1 in the population of phytohemagglutininactivated lymphocytes. Our study demonstrated that, in presence of antibodies to either of the two checkpoints duringin vitrocell activation, the blockade of specific target receptor is accompanied by reduced number of cells positive for another checkpoint. Hence, the antibodies directed against PD-1 or CTLA-4 seem to suppress both negative signal cascades at once, if tested under such experimental conditions. Noteworthy, the response to blocking antibodies for different immune checkpoints varied for different donors. Our data may be used for development of effective combinations of lymphocyte activators and immune check-point inhibitors, forin vitrogeneration of activated lymphocytes applied for adoptive cancer therapy, as well as for prediction of possible responses to antibodies against CTLA-4 or PD-1, aiming to select the best personalized cancer immunotherapy.
Century-long expansion of hydrating cement counteracting concrete shrinkage due to humidity drop from selfdesiccation or external drying
Authors: Rahimi-Aghdam Saeed , Masoero Enrico , Rasoolinejad Mohammad , Bažant Zdeněk P.
Published: January 2019

A physically based model for auotgenous shrinkage and swelling of portland cement paste is necessary for computation of long-time hydgrothermal effects in concrete structures. The goal is to propose such a model. As known since 1887, the volume of cement hydration products is slightly smaller than the original volume of cement and water (chemical shrinkage). Nevertheless, this does not imply that the hydration reaction results in contraction of the concrete and cement paste. According to the authors’ recently proposed paradigm, the opposite is true for the entire lifetime of porous cement paste as a whole. The hydration process causespermanent volume expansionof the porous cement paste as a whole, due to the growth of C–S–H shells around anhydrous cement grains which pushes the neighbors apart, while the volume reduction of hydration products contributes to porosity. Additional expansion can happen due to the growth of ettringite and portlandite crystals. On the material scale, the expansion always dominates over the contraction, i.e., the hydration per se is, in the bulk, always and permanentlyexpansive, while the source of all of the observed shrinkage, both autogenous and drying, is the compressive elastic or viscoelastic strain in the solid skeleton caused by a decrease of chemical potential of pore water, along with the associated decrease in pore relative humidity. As a result, the selfdesiccation, shrinkage and swelling can all be predicted from one and the same unified model, in which, furthermore, the low-density and high-density C–S–H are distinguished. A new thermodynamic formulation of unsaturated poromechanics with capillarity and adsorption is presented. The recently formulated local continuum model for calculating the evolution of hydration degree and a new formulation of nonlinear desorption isotherm are important for realistic and efficient finite element analysis of shrinkage and swelling. Comparisons with the existing relevant experimental evidence validate the proposed model.
Remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated sediments in USA using ultrasound and ozone nanobubbles
Authors: Batagoda Janitha Hewa , Hewage Shaini Dilsha Aluthgun , Meegoda Jay N
Published: January 2019

The lower 12·875 km of the Passaic River (NJ, USA) is heavily contaminated due to industrial activities – specifically heavy metal extraction from chromium (Cr)-ore-processing plants and production of pesticides and herbicides. Conventional methods for remediating contaminated sediments have limited application due to the tidal action and urban development of the contaminated section of the Passaic River. Hence, this study proposes an in situ technology using ultrasound and ozone (O3) nanobubbles to remediate the sediments. Ultrasound is capable of desorbing heavy metals from soil, and ozone can oxidise the released heavy metals to a form that is mobile for ease of extraction. Nanobubbles are used as an effective ozone delivery method for the oxidation of heavy metals. Bench-scale tests were performed to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed technology. Ozone nanobubbles increased the solubility of ozone in water and reduced wastage. Also, due to the high ozone concentrations in water, chromium oxidation increased. A synthetic soil with a grain size distribution similar to that of actual river sediments was artificially contaminated with chromium and used in this research. Test results showed a 97·54% chromium removal efficiency, suggesting the feasibility of the proposed technology for pilot-scale studies.
Exploring the visual correlation of choropleth maps using an evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Xiao Ningchuan , Armstrong Marc P
Published: January 2019

Multivariate choropleth maps are often used to compare patterns of different spatial variables. This approach can be implemented by simultaneously drawing a series of choropleth maps, with each representing a particular variable. In this paper, we develop an evolutionary algorithm that can be used to generate a set of classifications that allow a user to explore the spatial patterns of multiple choropleth maps in terms of their visual correlation. Synthetic and census data are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. We also discuss the role of our approach in an interactive mapping environment and its implication for spatial data mining.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL VIEWS AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES OF OLEXANDER CHERNIAKHIVSKYI
Authors: Mohylnyi L.
Published: January 2019

In the article, the formation of national beliefs of the well-known Ukrainian public and political figure Oleksandr Cherniakhivsky at the end of the XIX-th century has been analyzed. The significance and influence of the Ukrainian Hromada and its most famous representatives, V. Antonovych, O. Konyskyi, on the development of young O. Cherniakhivsky’s outlook and the formation of his attitude towards the ways of solving the Ukrainian issue in the Russian Empire have been considered. Also, the article analyzes the participation of O. Cherniakhivsky in various cultural, educational and scientific projects in which the scientist had an opportunity to realize that the destructive national policy of the Russian Empire hindered the development of the Ukrainian nation as well as other peoples of the state. On the basis of archival materials and unpublished sources it has been revealed that O. Cherniakhivsky perceived his membership in the "Brotherhood of Tarasivtsy", the participation in the Kyiv Old Hromada, and the organizational work at the Ukrainian Scientific Society in Kyiv as a personal contribution to the development of domestic science and, generally, as an opportunity for the Ukrainian people to prove their right to exist as a whole nation in spite of resistance from the Russian power.
Furthemore, the social and political convictions of O. Cherniakhivsky and their continuous evolution during the revolutionary period of 1917-1918 and the struggle for independence in 1918-1921 have been investigated.
It has been revealed that at that time he gave up the method of revolutionary struggle. Instead, he chose the evolutionary preparation of compatriots to the formation of their own statehood through the establishment of major public institutions such as the Ukrainian People's University, the Medical Faculty, and the Association of Ukrainian Doctors, etc. Moreover, O. Cherniakhivsky considered an established system of scientific knowledge and terminology to be a necessary ingredient of the development of the Ukrainian nation. Therefore, throughout all his life he was engaged in the improvement of scientific dictionaries, terminology and popularization of the Ukrainian scientific language.
Features of learning in toads Bufo viridis during behavior that requires taking into account the limits of their own bodies
Authors: Khvatov I.A. , Zhelankin R.V.
Published: January 2019

The goal of this work was to study the ability of the green toad Bufo viridis to form skills based on tactile sensations arising in the process of interaction between animal’s body and external objects. During the experiment we varied the proportions of the holes in the experimental setup, through which the animal penetrated, and the limits of the animal bodies by attaching blankets to their body with an extraneous object. It was found that toads can to take into account the natural limits of their own body when interacting with external objects, and also transfer this experience in a situation where the proportions of the holes in the experiment setup was varied. When the limits of the toad body were urgently changed so that these changes prevent the animals from penetration into certain types of holes, these animals did not learn to take into account the fact that the holes previously permeable to the natural limits of their bodies became impenetrable after increasing these limits. We state that these data indicate that the toads even before the experiment began had experience of taking into account the natural boundaries of their bodies. But toads are not able to modify their body schema, when the limits of their bodies are urgently increased.
«Script» of acoustic events that cause relatively stable emotions in a person
Authors: Vyskochil N.A. , Kirpalova O.A.
Published: January 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the emotional attitude of a person to the events of the surrounding acoustic reality. The study involved 250 people. According to the results of the study, «script» of emotionally colored acoustic events were constructed based on the survey results, and methodological problems of constructing acoustic events with a given emotional impact were considered.
Isostatic oculomotor patterns in trust perception by facial expressions
Authors: Basul I.A. , Demidov A.A. , Diveev D.A.
Published: January 2019

The article presents the results of analysis of the study in perceptual confidence in Russian and Tuvinian ethnic groups. The objective of the analysis were, the “isostatic” fixation patterns that characterize the perception of representatives of different ethnic and racial groups causing and not causing confidence. It is shown that the isostatic patterns of analytical type are significantly more frequent in the observers when, regardless of ethnic or racial type of the sitters, faces that do not inspire confidence are perceived.
Quasi-experimental study of decision-making under conditions of equal choice
Authors: Lebedev A.N.
Published: January 2019

The problem of decision-making in the situation of choice among equivalent alternatives is considered in the article. This problem is relevant for behavioral and cognitive Sciences, as well as for practice. At present, it does not have an unambiguous solution. For the first time the problem has been formulated in philosophy and described by the famous parable of Buridan’s donkey. In experimental psychology, the complexity of the problem was shown in the experiment of Nisbett R.T. and Wilson T.D., who offered the subjects to choice one from four identical goods in the supermarket. It has been shown that this choice is not accidental. Most buyers prefer a product that lies fourth on the storefront but do not realize it. The researchers concluded that in a situation of equal choice, the factor of place of goods on display is significant. The proposed article refers to a pilot study of the impact of different ways of presenting subjects with equivalent alternatives to choose from. Three groups of subjects were asked to make a choice in three different situations: to randomly select and cross out one cell in the rows of the figure in the form of a ladder and a pyramid (from 2 to 20). The third group was offered a situation of “distribution of 11 financial funds between 12 unfamiliar managers” sitting at a round table. The study showed that in the first two cases there is a tendency to choose alternatives that are at the center of the proposed figures. In the third case, there is a tendency to “allocate funds in the form of a clock face”. However, many subjects seem to apply some of their strategies of choice and are not aware of them. In practice, such choice is going to be irrational and often unpredictable.
Intercultural differences in the description and identification of persons of their own and someone else’s ethnicity on the example of portrait images
Authors: Lupenko E.A.
Published: January 2019

The article presents the results of a study of differences in the perception, description and identification of persons of their own and someone else’s ethnicity, represented in portrait images. The subjects were Russian and Tuvinian students. It is shown that the ethnicity of observers influences the choice of one or another way of describing the depicted characters, but does not depend on the ethnicity of the characters. Differences in the number of characteristics used in the description of the Russian and Tuvinian sample of subjects were obtained. The success of the identification of the descriptions received is generally higher in the Russian sample. The joint solution of the problem of identification (pair experiment) does not lead to an improvement in its results.
Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: actual problem review and treatment prospects
Authors: Sinitsyn E. A. , Zykov K. A.
Published: January 2019

This review introduces some actual data related to the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, presents the nowaday tendencies of treatment methods development.
Vocal cord dysfunction and bronchial asthma
Authors: Osipova G. L. , Osipova V. V. , Rvacheva A. V. , Terekhov D. V. , Sinitsyn E. A.
Published: January 2019

The syndromology of dysfunction of the vocal cords varies widely from the absence of symptoms to mild shortness of breath to acute respiratory disfunction, which can mimic an asthma attack. The treatment of vocal dysfunction and bronchial asthma is different. An early fold diagnosis of vocal dysfunction can prevent improper treatment and, therefore, minimize the rising costs of health care.
The “Authentic Indian”: Sarah Winnemucca's Resistance to Colonial Constructions of Indianness
Authors: Humud Sarah Bonnie
Published: January 2019

Sarah Winnemucca, a Northern Paiute author, lecturer, interpreter, and army scout, exploited the biopolitical fiction of ‘Indian authenticity’ to claim a political, activist space for herself and her agenda. Winnemucca's work has generated a great deal of controversy over the last century. The ‘authentic Indian’ stereotypes Winnemucca engages are so intrinsic to settler colonial biopower that dealing with either her lecture series or her autobiography within the traditional binary of assimilation/tradition has been counterproductive. I argue that her work constitutes a challenge to Indigenous authenticity as a strategy of settler biopolitics.
Comparative study of effectiveness and safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients of knee joint osteoarthritis of knee, tertiary care hospital, Bidar, India
Authors: . Vivekanand , Kulkarni G. P.
Published: January 2019

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint failure and OA is the most frequent chronic joint disease causing pain and disability. Where all the structures of joints have undergone pathological changes and they are hyaline articular cartilage loss which may be focal or non-uniform, initially it will be focal then spread all over non-uniformly. Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) are the mainstay of medical management of OA. Increased in reports suggests that GIT adverse effect with old NSAID’s and cardiovascular effects with selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitors had precipitated to chase for better NSAID’s with minimal adverse effects. The current study compares the clinical effectiveness and safety of newer NSAID’s, etoricoxib, lornoxicam, to diclofenac which has been standard therapy in patients of OA of the knee joint.Methods: The current study is randomized, prospective, open-label, parallel group study conducted in 120 patients with OA of the knee joint diagnosed using American College of Rheumatology criteria. After getting the informed consent, they were randomized in three groups of 40 patients each who received tablet etoricoxib 120mg BID, tablet Lornoxicam 16mg BID, tablet diclofenac 50mg TID respectively. The duration of the study is 12 weeks. Data are calculated, tabulated and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and level of significance was determined by its P value.Results: After 12weeks of treatment, the severity of pain and functional indices using visual analog scale and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis score were significantly better (P <0.05) in etoricoxib group as compared to lornoxicam or diclofenac group along with a lesser rate of adverse effects.Conclusions: It is concluded that etoricoxib is more effective and tolerated NSAID than lornoxicam and diclofenac in the treatment of knee joint OA.
Medication use pattern and quality assessment of psychiatry outpatient department prescriptions of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pati Ayan K. , Ghosh Siddhartha
Published: January 2019

Background: Psychiatric illness is a major but often underreported health burden. The field of psychopharmacotherapy is continuously evolving therefore needs monitoring to prevent irrationality. In this setting, authors analyzed the prescribing pattern of psychotropic drugs while simultaneously monitoring prescription quality in a tertiary care teaching private hospital.Methods: A 6 month-prospective observational study was conducted in psychiatry out-patient department. Prescription pattern was analyzed using World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. The quality of the prescriptions was assessed as per prescription writing guidelines issued by The Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal.Results: Of the 745 prescriptions analyzed, depression and psychosis constituted the bulk of diagnosed cases irrespective of any gender predominance. The average number of psychotropic drugs per prescription was 2.85±1.48. Antidepressants, sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytics are most commonly prescribed drugs. 37.58% of psychotropic drugs were given as fixed dose combination, most common being risperidone with trihexyphenidyl. Only 2.91% of the drugs were prescribed in generic name whereas 53.99% were enlisted in national essential medicine list 2015. Polypharmacy and therapeutic duplication were noted in 41% and 26.84 % of prescriptions and dose, duration and frequency were not mentioned in 2.68%, 53.02% and 19.00% of the prescription respectively.Conclusions: Use of psychotropic drugs follows closely with different treatment guideline, though routine uses of central anticholinergics with atypical antipsychotics are not recommended. Despite high utilization of NLEM, more generic prescribing, correct prescription dosing schedule, avoidance of polypharmacy and non-Judicious use of multivitamin FDCs may significantly improve treatment outcome.
Evaluation of antidepressant effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves on Wistar albino rats
Authors: S. R. Chaitra , Nayak Roopa P. , Krishna Uttara
Published: January 2019

Background: Depression is one of the common mental disorder prevalent worldwide. Use of herbal medicines in the treatment of depression is becoming popular because of adverse effects of existing non herbal drugs. In this study Psidium guajava leaf aqueous extract is screened for antidepressant activity in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Wistar albino rats of both sex were used. After performing acute toxicity study, dose of test drug was fixed to 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg. Test and standard drugs were administered for 10 days orally. Standard drug used was Imipramine. Antidepressant activity was assessed using forced swim test and tail suspension test.Results: Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey Kramer. Aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves showed significant antidepressant activity. Both Psidium guajava aqueous extract (PGAE)-100mg/kg and 200mg/kg showed antidepressant effect but compared to 100mg/kg dose of PGAE, 200mg/kg showed significant antidepressant activity.Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves has antidepressant activity.
Study of effect of Nigella sativa on prevention of nephrotoxicity induced by colistin in experimental animals
Authors: Rana M. Azmat , Arshad M. Nadeem , Siddiqui Salman Shafi , Nasiruddin M.
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBackground: Nigella sativa, a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world belongs to family ranunculaceae. Its Seeds and oil have a long history of folklore usage in various traditional systems of medicines and food. This study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on kidney when simultaneously given with colistin sulfate (CS) which induces tubular damage in rats.Methods: Animals were treated for 7 days: Group I (n=6) with normal saline and CMC, Group II, III and IV with 300.000IU/kg/day of CS (n=6). Group III and Group IV with NSO at the dose of 1 and 2ml/kg per orum prior to CS administration. All the animals were sacrificed on 8th day. Afterwards, the plasma creatinine (pCr), blood urea, renal tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and renal histology were performed.Results: Colistin sulfate induced tubular damage, increased the plasma creatinine (pCr), blood urea and MDA levels and decreased the reduced glutathione (GSH). However, simultaneous treatment with Nigella sativa oil at the dose of 1ml/kg and 2ml/kg for one week produced dose dependant improvement in tubular damage and reduced the biochemical alteration.Conclusions: It could be concluded that, Colistin sulfate induced nephrotoxicity is ameliorated by NS oil especially in higher dose of (2ml/kg). This nephroprotective effect is ascribed to free radical scavenging and potent antioxidant activity in Nigella sativa.
Prescription pattern of antibiotics in neonatal intensive care unit of tertiary care hospital
Authors: Baig Shiraz Mirza , Naikwadi Imran B. , Deshmukh L. S.
Published: January 2019

Background: Recurrent and prolonged courses of antibiotics exposure have resulted in an increase in the prevalence of hospital acquired infections and antibiotic resistant profile. The objective of this study was to quantify the use of antibiotics in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, a tertiary health care centre.Methods: A total of 260 neonates admitted in NICU from August 2017 to February 2018 were enrolled in the study and fulfilling inclusion criteria of the study. Demographic details, data on antibiotic prescriptions (name, dose, frequency, route of administration) was recorded on pre-tested structured Performa.Results: A total of 248 neonates received the antibiotics. EOS pneumonia was most common i.e. 29.8% followed by LOS pneumonia (20.6%). Sepsis, pneumonia Meningitis, NEC, were common indications for admission in NICU. Among the antibiotic combinations amoxicillin + clavulanate (38.99%), was most commonly prescribed followed by gentamicin (37.89%) and piperacillin (11.01%) respectively. Other antibiotics like, linezolide (0.94%), fluconazole (5.97%), meropenem (4.42%), vancomycine (0.77%) were also used less commonly in NICU. About fifty of the medicine prescribed were in compliance with the national list of essential medicines 2011.Conclusions: In tertiary care setup of NICU amoxicillin + clavulanate and gentamicin are most commonly used antibiotics in NICU. The study concludes that the antibiotic prescription pattern at NICU of our tertiary care hospital was found rational.