bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El aprendizaje por descubrimiento: su impacto en el desarrollo de habilidades metacognoscitivas en niños de 4 a 5 años
Authors: Muñoz Velez Gisella Amanda , Ramos López Yordenis , Patiño Campoverde Mirian Mercedes
Published: January 2024

La presente investigación destaca la construcción activa del conocimiento por parte del estudiante, acentuando la importancia de permitir a las niñas y niños explorar, debatir y manifestar conceptos, conocimientos y habilidades del pensamiento complejo, es así que el aprendizaje por descubrimiento está centrado en los niños para fomentar la curiosidad, la exploración y la resolución de problemas de manera independiente. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en analizar el impacto del aprendizaje por descubrimiento en el desarrollo de habilidades metacognitivas en niños de 4 a 5 años de la Unidad Educativa Hualcopo Duchicela. La metodología empleada fue un estudio de campo a nivel descriptivo, con enfoque mixto, permitiendo obtener información relevante a través de los métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos aplicados. Como principales resultados se obtuvo que el aprendizaje por descubrimiento influye en las habilidades metacognitivas de las niñas y niños, no solo contribuye al campo de la educación, sino que también ofrece valiosas perspectivas para mejorar las prácticas pedagógicas y promover un desarrollo integral desde los primeros años de vida, ante lo cual se concluye que el uso adecuado de las estrategias lúdicas adaptadas a la metodología de aprendizaje por descubrimiento tienen el potencial de transformar la experiencia educativa de los niños, haciendo que el aprendizaje sea no solo educativo, sino también memorable y placentero.
PARTISIPASI SOSIAL DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DESA: MENILIK PELIBATAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI DESA NANGA RIYOI
Authors: Markus Markus
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan partisipasi sosial masyarakatdalam perencanaan pembangunan infrastruktur di Desa Nanga Riyoi Kecamatan Serawai KabupatenSintang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakanwawancara mendalam semi terstruktur. Subjek penelitian berjumlah empat orang, terdiri dari KepalaDesa, Ketua BPD dan dua orang Kepala Dusun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa bentukpartisipasi sosial masyarakat dalam perencanaan pembangunan infrastruktur di Desa Nanga Riyoi lebihkepada mobilisasi melalui pendekatan formal yaitu forum Musrenbang Desa yang didahului oleh pramusrenbangdi tingkat dusun melalui kegiatan sosialisasi ke dusun-dusun guna menjaring aspirasi.Penelitian ini juga mengungkapkan adanya faktor yang krusial bagi partisipasi masyarakat, khususnyayang bersifat internal dari masyarakat itu sendiri yaitu bahwa wawasan mengenai pembangunan eratkaitannya dengan tingkat pendidikan warga. Selain itu, faktor komunikasi dari aparatur desa dankesadaran masyarakat untuk ikut memikirkan pembangunan di desanya adalah faktor yang juga turutmempengaruhi partisipasi sosial.
PERANAN PEMERINTAH DESA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Oktavianus Oktavianus , Kaja KAJA
Published: January 2024

Pelaksanaan aktivitas menjadi landasan dalam pencapaian tujuan yang telah ditetapkan, untuk mencapai tujuan itu semua komponen harus memiliki fungsi dengan baiksehingga diperlukan pembagian tugas yang jelas dan memudahkan pelaksanaan tugas sesuaifungsi masing-masing yang tergambar dalam struktur organisasi. Struktur organisasimencerminkan adanya pemberdayaan yang dilakukan berkaitan dengan pendampingan daridinas koperasi usaha kecil dan menengah, tujuannya meningkatkan keterampilan danperekonomian masyarakat, sehingga diperlukan pembinaan melalui musyawarah menyampaikaninformasi dan hasil-hasil yang dapat diterapkan sehingga menjadi efektif dan efisien sesuaidengan harapan masyarakat dapat meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat maupun daya belimasyarakat terutama pada masa pandemi covid-19 seperti sekarang ini. Perencanaan melibatkanperwakilan masyarakat serta tokoh-tokoh masyarakat dalam merumuskan perencanaan untukdi usulkan dalam musrenbangdes (Musyawarah Pembangunan desa) dengan demikianperencanaan dimulai dari bawah sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat artinya bukan hanyasekedar perencanaan tetapi mengutamakan tindakan nyata berdasarkan pembagian tugas yangjelas dan dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik sehingga dapat berjalan sesuai yang telahdirencanakan. Dalam usaha meningkatkan pembangunan yang berkesinambungan, menyeluruh,terpadu dan terarah maka penyelenggaraan pembangunan tersebut haruslah dapatmengakomodir kebutuhan pembangunan, baik di tingkat pusat maupun daerah sampai padatingkat wilayah administratif pemerintahan Kecamatan. Salah satu fungsi pemerintah yangutama adalah menyelenggarakan pelayanan umum sebagai wujud dari tugas umumpemerintahan untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Birokrasi merupakan instrumenpemerintah untuk mewujudkan pelayanan publik yang efisien, efektif, berkeadilan, transparandan akuntabel.
IMPLEMENTASI PROSES PENYALURAN BANTUAN LANGSUNG TUNAI DANA DESA DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Syamsudin Martinus
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan jawaban, untuk dapat mengetahui, mendeskripsikandan menganalisis Implementasi Proses Penyaluran Bantuan Langsung Tunai Dana Desa Dampak PandemiCovid-19. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan pengaolahan data analisiskualitatif, yakni penelitian yang dimaksudkan untuk membuat gambaran atau mengambarkan keadaanataupun kejadian. Subjek Penelitian ini adalah Kepala Desa, Kepala Urusan, Ketua BPD, MasyarakatPenerima Manfaat BLT-Dana Desa. Hasil Penelitian Proses Penyaluran BLT Dana Desa melaluipendataan masyarakat kurang mampu dan masyarakat yang belum menerima bantuan sosial lainnyadari pemerintah dan di klarifikasikan data dengan masyarakat penerima BLTDD melalui Musyawaratdesa secara khusus.
ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM OF 2,4 DICHLOROPHENOL FROM WASTE WATERS ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors:   Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Romania, email: mpetre@upg-ploiesti.ro, Neagu Mihaela
Published: January 2024

The batch adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution onto mesoporous activated carbon was investigated for a range of initial concentrations of 50 to 1000 mg/ L, at constant temperature of 293 K. The experimental adsorption isotherms were analyzed with two and three parameters models (i.e., Freundlich, Langmuir, Langmuir-Freundlich, and Brouers-Sotolongo models). The non-linear fitting method was employed for estimating the isotherm parameters. The standard statistical tools were used to check the accuracy of the fit measure, namely: the coefficient of determination R2, the adjusted coefficient of determination Adj- R2, the residual sum of squares RSS (or chi-square function χ2), and reduced chi-square Red- χ2. The analysis of all the isotherms found that the Brouers-Sotolongo model shows higher correlation coefficients of R2 and Adj-R2 values and lower values of RSS and Red-χ2. Also, the Brouers-Sotolongo model shows a maximum adsorption capacity qm of 50.46 mg/g, which is very close to the experimental data (48.123 mg/g) value. The adsorption process was mainly physical adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. The heterogeneous surface of activated carbon was confirmed by FT-IR analysis, the Boehm method, and pHPZC, as presented in our previous studies. The interactions between 2,4 DCP and GAC are mostly a type of dispersion effect between the π electrons in the aromatic ring of the phenolic compound and the π electrons in the structure of the GAC adsorbent. Also, electrostatic attractions may occur between the π electrons in the aromatic rings of 2,4 DCP and the positive surface of the GAC.
КОРРЕКЦИОННАЯ СУЩНОСТЬ ОКАЗАНИЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ДЕТЯМ С ЗАИКАНИЕМ
Authors: Оспанова А.С.
Published: January 2024

Ғылыми мақалада тұтықпа балаларға педагогикалық және психологиялық көмек көрсетудің шарттары, логопедиялық, психологиялық түзету жұмыстарының мәселелері қамтылған. Тұтықпа балалардың сөйлеу тіл ерекшеліктерін ескере отырып, мамандардың жан-жақты қолдауы ғылыми тұрғыда негізделген. Психологиялық көмек көрсетудің коррекциялық мәні жан-жақты талқыланып, шетелдік және ресейлік психологтардың тұтықпа балалардың сөйлеу тіл ерекшеліктерінің тұлғалық дамуына тікелей әсері мысал ретінде берілген. Тұтықпаны кешенді түзетудің бағыттарын талдай келе, сөйлеу тіл бұзылысын жоюда қолданылатын заманауи кешенді әдістердің толық нәтижеге қол жеткізу жағдайлары теориялық және практикалық тұрғыдан талданды. Түйін сөздер: тұтықпа, психологиялық көмек, кешенді әдістер, патологиялық бұзылыс, логопедиялық ықпал ету, тахилалия

В научной статье раскрыть условия оказания педагогической и психологической помощи заикающимся детям, вопросы логопедической, психологической коррекционной работы. Научно обоснована всесторонняя поддержка специалистов с учетом речевых особенностей заикающихся детей. Подробно обсуждается коррекционная сущность оказания психологической помощи и дается пример прямого влияния зарубежных и российских психологов на личностное развитие речевых особенностей заикающихся детей. Анализируя направления комплексной коррекции заикания, были проанализированы с теоретической и практической точек зрения случаи достижения полного результата современными комплексными методами, применяемыми при устранении речевого расстройства. Ключевые слова: заикание, психологическая помощь, комплексные методы, патологическое расстройство, логопедическое воздействие, тахилалия.

The scientific article reveals the conditions for providing pedagogical and psychological assistance to stuttering children, issues of speech therapy, psychological correctional work. Comprehensive support of specialists is scientifically justified, taking into account the speech characteristics of stuttering children. The correctional essence of psychological assistance is discussed in detail and an example of the direct influence of foreign and Russian psychologists on the personal development of speech characteristics of stuttering children is given. Analyzing the directions of complex correction of stuttering, cases of achieving a complete result by modern complex methods used in the elimination of speech disorder were analyzed from a theoretical and practical point of view. Keywords: stuttering, psychological help, complex methods, pathological disorder, speech therapy, tachylalia.
NEURODIDACTICS AS A TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL ACTIVITY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: ZH Z.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the development of the mental activity of primary school students through the development of neurodidactic content in the primary education system. Based on the study of scientific literature, an analysis of the current state of neuro pedagogy, and neurodidactics was made, and the experience of using neurodidactic content in the world and domestic educational programs and educational process was considered. Using neuro didactic content such as neuro-exercises, and neuro-tasks in the educational process of the primary school, the relevance of the problem of developing the mental activity of primary school students was determined. The results of the survey conducted with primary school teachers working in different regions of the republic showed that teachers’ attitudes and attitudes towards neurodidactics are positive. According to them, neurodidactic content and brain-based teaching strategies and methods create an opportunity to increase the development and activity of students’ mental activity. Keywords: neuro pedagogy, neuro didactics, primary school teacher, primary school student, mental activity.
INNOVATIVE TRAINING OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: ANALYSIS OF TRAINING LEVEL AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors: BAIMUKHAMBETOVA K.M.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to an innovative approach to the organization of high-quality education in the training of future primary school teachers from the point of view of modern education and methodology. As an urgent research problem of the modern education system in the formation and development of innovative opportunities for future teachers in their professional activities, their own judgments and conclusions are presented. The article conducts research and presents the results related to determining the meaningful level of preparation of future primary school teachers for innovative professional activities. The authors analyzed the works of foreign and domestic scientists, guided by regulatory documents. As a result of the analysis, the directions of training future specialists were discussed, which will serve as an impetus for the trajectory of professional development based on the innovative activities of students. The authors of the article also developed an author’s survey “What do you know about innovative professional activity” in order to determine the meaningful level of research work. The survey was organized on the basis of empirical methods. 123 students of the educational program 6B130100 - “pedagogy and methods of primary education” took part in the author’s survey, an analysis of the results of the content level and ideas about the need for innovation in future professions was carried out. Analyzing the results of the author’s survey, it was found that students have difficulty understanding the meaning of the concepts of “professional activity”, “innovative activity”, have a desire to use innovative technologies in the educational process, but have low knowledge of new technologies, as well as conclusions that innovative activity is necessary and should be developed for the professional growth of a teacher.. During the analysis of the research results, innovative training of future primary school teachers is being formed. Keywords: future teacher of primary school; innovative activity; professional specialty; experiment; author questionnaire.
DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIA COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL EDUCATION
Authors: UAIDULLAKYZY E.
Published: January 2024

In the context of digital education, the article analyzes how future teachers are developing their media competence. The ability to examine the stages of prospective teachers’ media competence development and analyze that development in relation to digital education constitutes the analysis’s key components. According to the goal of this study, an analysis of the psychological and pedagogical literature on the topic under study was carried out, as well as an analysis of the motivational component, which includes the motives for contact with media texts, the contact component as the frequency of communication with the media, informational, creative, perceptual, evaluative and practical components. When conducting an empirical study, modified blocks of questions of the A.V. Fedorov methodology were used to identify the development of future teachers’ media competence. The topic’s relevance under study is also described. The definition of «media competence” is given and the analysis of foreign literature in this area is carried out. The developmental stages of perceptual, interpretive, and creative indicators were identified. It was noted how perceptual and interpretative indicators related to one another as a result of the mutual examination and evaluation of media resources. Future educators gain crucial abilities for future professionals in the development of media competency, including new media competence, virtual collaboration, transdisciplinarity, and design thinking. Keywords: media competence, media resources, intellectual technologies, future teachers, network educational module, university.
SISTEM DAN PROSEDUR PELAYANAN IZIN USAHA INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN DI KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA
Authors: Setiadi Nico , Amarini Indriati
Published: January 2024

The Banjarnegara Regency One Stop Integrated Licensing and Investment Service (DPMPPTSP) is one of the units in the region that organizes Online Single Submission. However, the implementation has not been maximized, so I want to know what obstacles occur in the industrial business permit process in Banjarnegara district. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the efforts of the One-Stop Integrated Investment and Licensing Service in implementing the granting of electrical industrial business permits. And knowing the obstacles that occur in the process of implementing industrial business permits in Banjarnegara Regency. The method in this research is using the normative juridical method. The data in this study were obtained through library research, namely a series of reading, recording, and citing books as well as using secondary data or information and explanations through data requests from relevant agencies based on the objectives. study. The results of this study indicate that the livestock industry business licensing process online through the Online Single Submission there are obstacles faced by the Office of Investment and One Stop Integrated Services such as incomplete data provided by the applicant in the industrial business permit process, besides that there are also obstacles to the community such as the type of business fields in the Online Single Submission that are not yet complete.

Keywords: Licensing, Business, Industry.

Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Satu Pintu (DPMPPTSP) Kabupaten Banjarnegara termasuk salah satu dari unit di daerah yang menyelenggarakan Online Single Submission. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya belum maksimal, sehingga penulis ingin mengetahui kendala apa saja yang terjadi dalam proses izin usaha industri di kabupaten Banjarnegara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa upaya Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Satu Pintu dalam melaksanakan pemberian izin usaha industri secara elektrik. Dan mengetahui hambatan yang terjadi dalam proses pelaksanaan izin usaha industri di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui Penelitian Kepustakaan yaitu serangkaian kegiatan membaca, mencatat, dan mengutip buku-buku serta menggunakan data sekunder atau informasi dan keterangan-keterangan melalui permintaan data pada instansi terkait yang berlandaskan pada tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses perizinan usaha industri peternakan secara online melalui Online Single Submission terdapat hambatan yang dihadapi Dinas Penanaman Modal Dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu seperti kurang lengkapnya data yang diberikan pemohon dalam proses izin usaha industri, selain itu terdapat juga hambatan pada masyarakat seperti jenis bidang usaha didalam Online Single Submission yang belum lengkap.

Kata Kunci : Perizinan, Usaha, Industri.
TINJAUAN VIKTIMOLOGI TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PENIPUAN ARISAN ONLINE
Authors: Lestari Siti Duwi , Saefudin Yusuf
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Online arisan is a group collection of money using a lottery system that is conducted online or without face-to-face contact. This is effective for people who want to join online arisan because it is easy to interact with online arisan and arouse people's interest in joining online arisan. However, this convenience can also have a negative impact, especially regarding the possibility of online arisan. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to find out how crimes related to victims of online arisan fraud and their legal protection efforts in Indonesia. The research method used in this research is Normative Juridical research. Normative Juridical Research: Normative juridical research uses a statutory approach or secondary material. Article 378 of the Criminal Code regulates this. Although the criminal provisions regarding fraud are not specifically explained, people who commit online fraud must be held accountable for their actions by imposing sanctions on the perpetrators.

Keywords : Crime of fraud, Victimology, Online Arisan

Abstrak

Arisan online adalah pengumpulan uang secara berkelompok dengan menggunakan sistem undian yang dilakukan secara online atau tanpa kontak tatap muka. Hal ini efektif bagi masyarakat yang ingin mengikuti arisan online karena mudahnya berinteraksi dengan arisan online dan menggugah minat masyarakat untuk mengikuti arisan online. Namun, kemudahan ini juga dapat berdampak buruk, terutama mengenai kemungkinan arisan online. Maka tujuan penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kejahatan yang berhubungan dengan korban tindak pidana penipuan arisan online serta upya perlindungan hukumnya di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian Yuridis Normatif. Penelitian Yuridis Normatif: Penelitian yuridis normatif menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan atau bahan sekunder. Pasal 378 KUHP mengatur hal ini. Meskipun ketentuan pidana mengenai penipuan tidak dijelaskan secara spesifik, orang yang melakukan penipuan online harus mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya dengan memberikan sanksi kepada pelakunya.

Kata Kunci : Tindak Pidana Penipuan, Viktimologi, Arisan Online
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE HEART IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH VENTRICULAR PACING IN THE LONG-TERM POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
Authors:   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatric Surgery, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, A. Harypau , I. Patsiayuk ,   Institute of Advanced Training and Retraining of Healthcare Personnel of Educational Institution “Belarusian State Medical University”, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Published: January 2024

Aim. To study the structural and functional state of the heart in young patients with ventricular pacing in the long-term postoperative period. Materials and methods. The study included 60 people aged 18 to 35 years (35 men and 25 women) with AV blocks that required the implantation of a permanent pacemaker (PM). The first group consisted of 30 people with permanent PMs implanted after surgical correction of CHD due to postoperative AV blockage. The second group consisted of 30 people with non-surgical AV block. All patients underwent a general clinical examination, echocardiography, and medical documentation was retrospectively studied. The duration of pacing in group 1 was 15.6 (13.1; 18.0) years, in group 2 - 15.7 (13.9; 18.5) years. All patients of both groups at the time of the study were implanted with two-chamber PMs. The median percentage of ventricular stimulation in both groups was 100%.Results. In the study groups, significant differences were revealed in the anteroposterior size of the left atrium (LA): 36.5 (33.5; 39.5) mm and 33.5 (31.0; 36.0) mm (U = 281.0, p = 0.030), suggesting initial changes in LA geometry in patients of group 1. Signs of LV remodeling (concentric and eccentric hypertrophy and concentric remodeling) were detected in 40% (12 people out of 30) of patients in group 1 and in 10% (3 people out of 30) in group 2 (χ2 = 7.20, p = 0.007). In group 1, LV ejection fraction (EF) in B mode was significantly lower than in group 2 and made up 59.0 (52.0; 63.0) % and 61.5 (56.0; 66.0)% (U = 307.5, p = 0.034), respectively. 40% of patients in group 1 and 17% in group 2 had LVEF < 55% (χ2 = 4.02, p = 0.045). LV diastolic dysfunction was detected in 26% of people in group 1; in group 2, no patients with diastolic dysfunction were identified (F = 0.154, p = 0.005).Conclusion. In patients with long-term ventricular stimulation after surgical correction of congenital heart disease, significant structural and functional changes in the heart were revealed (signs of remodeling of the left heart, systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle), which appear to be significant predictors of cardiovascular events, including heart failure and mortality. In patients with non-surgical AV block and long-term ventricular pacing no significant impairment of cardiac function was detected.
TELLURIUM-BASED CHITOSAN HYDROGEL AS AN EFFICIENT NIR-INDUCED ANTIBACTERIAL PLATFORM
Authors:   Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P. R. China, Li Leijiao , L. Shestakova ,   Belarusian State Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus, J. Ding ,   Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China, T. Sun ,   Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China, W. Li ,   Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P. R. China,   Zhongshan Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, P. R. China, Yu. Ostrovsky ,   Belarusian State Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus
Published: January 2024

A kind of butterfly-shaped tellurium nanoparticles (Te NPs) is prepared in this paper, which have good biocompatibility, their uniform size is about 200 nm, and their photothermal conversion efficiency (η) is as high as 52.9%. Subsequently, a bidirectional freezing method was used to prepare a chitosan hydrogel (CS) with a sponge-like structure, which has excellent porosity and solubility. Its porosity exceeds 75% and can maintain a moisturizing effect for about 16 hours. Then, the prepared Te NPs were introduced into CS to construct a CS/Te antibacterial platform, which was effective against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). These results suggested that CS/Te antibacterial platform could be a promising NIR light-activated antibacterial candidate material for biomedical applications.
The Southern Ocean marine ice record of the early historical, circum-Antarctic voyages of Cook and Bellingshausen
Authors: Bigg Grant Robert
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The circum-navigations of Cook’s Second Voyage (1772–1775) and Bellingshausen (1819–1821) were attempts to find any great southern land mass poleward of ~50° S and consequently involved sailing for three or two summers respectively in polar latitudes around Antarctica. Extensive sea ice eventually blocked each voyages’ southern probes, although Bellingshausen, unknowingly at the time, saw the Antarctic continent. However, these attempts meant sea-ice and iceberg records from the early historical period were collected near simultaneously from around much of Antarctica. Here, these records are extracted from journals, analysed, and compared to each other and the modern satellite record of both forms of marine ice. They generally show an early historical period with a more northerly record of both forms of marine ice than normal for today, but to a geographically varying degree. However, the early historical period in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean saw marine ice generally within the range of modern observations for the same time of year, but the Weddell Sea and Indian Ocean marine ice, particularly on Cook’s voyage, then extended several degrees further north than in today’s extreme ice years.
Moving beyond post-hoc XAI: Lessons learned from dynamical climate modeling
Authors: O'Loughlin Ryan , Li Dan , O'Brien Travis
Published: January 2024

Abstract. AI models are criticized as being black boxes, potentially subjecting climate science to greater uncertainty. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has been proposed to probe AI models and increase trust. In this Perspective, we suggest that, in addition to using XAI methods, AI researchers in climate science can learn from past successes in the development of physics-based dynamical climate models. Dynamical models are complex but have gained trust because their successes and failures can be attributed to specific components or sub-models, such as when model bias is explained by pointing to a particular parameterization. We propose three types of understanding as a basis to evaluate trust in dynamical and AI models alike: (1) instrumental understanding, which is obtained when a model has passed a functional test; (2) statistical understanding, which is obtained when researchers can make sense of the modelling results using statistical techniques to identify input-output relationships; and (3) Component-level understanding, which refers to modelers’ ability to point to specific model components or parts in the model architecture as the culprit for erratic model behaviors or as the crucial reason why the model functions well. We demonstrate how component-level understanding has been sought and achieved via climate model intercomparison projects over the past several decades. Such component-level of understanding routinely leads to model improvements and may also serve as a template for thinking about AI-driven climate science. Currently, XAI methods can help explain the behaviors of AI models by focusing on the mapping between input and output, thereby increasing the statistical understanding of AI models. Yet, to further increase our understanding of AI models, we will have to build AI models that have interpretable components amenable to component-level understanding. We give recent examples from the AI climate science literature to highlight some recent, albeit limited, successes in achieving component-level understanding and thereby explaining model behaviour. The merit of such interpretable AI models is that they serve as a stronger basis for trust in climate modeling and, by extension, downstream uses of climate model data.
Identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by Sitka spruce and determination of their emission pathways and fluxes
Authors: Furnell Hayley , Wenger John , Wingler Astrid , Kilcawley Kieran N. , Mannion David T. , Skibinska Iwona , Kammer Julien
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) trees, housed in a plant growth chamber, were characterised by a combination of on-line (time-of-flight chemical ionisation mass spectrometry) and off-line (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) techniques. In total, 74 BVOCs were identified in the Sitka spruce emissions, 52 of which were oxygenated compounds, with piperitone (C10H16O), an oxygenated monoterpene, being the dominant emission. Other prevalent emissions included isoprene and five monoterpenes (myrcene, β-phellandrene, δ-limonene, α-pinene, and camphene). Temperature, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and stress were all found to alter the emission profiles, with different BVOCs exhibiting different responses. Three different plant growth cycles were used to identify the emission pathways (pooled or biosynthetic) for each BVOC, through determination of the relationships of the emission flux with temperature and with PPFD. The majority of the BVOCs emitted by Sitka spruce were found to originate from biosynthetic and pooled pathways simultaneously, with those from a stressed tree having a much lower contribution from the biosynthetic pathway than a healthy tree. Standardised emission fluxes (temperature 30 °C and PPFD 1000 µmol m-2 s-1) were calculated for all BVOCs using the appropriate standardisation model (pooled, biosynthetic or combined). Annual emission fluxes for all Stika spruce plantations in Ireland were determined for piperitone (8,200 tonne year-1), isoprene (13,000 tonne year-1) and monoterpenes (1,600 tonne year-1). At the current conditions of the Irish climate the annual BVOC flux for isoprene was found to exceed that for piperitone, although this is expected to change in a warming climate.
Internal tides vertical structure and steric sea surface height signature south of New Caledonia revealed by glider observations
Authors: Bendinger Arne , Cravatte Sophie , Gourdeau Lionel , Rainville Luc , Vic Clément , Sérazin Guillaume , Durand Fabien , Marin Frédéric , Fuda Jean-Luc
Published: January 2024

Abstract. In this study, we exploit autonomous underwater glider data to infer internal tide dynamics south of New Caledonia, an internal-tide generation hot spot in the southwestern tropical Pacific. By fitting a sinusoidal function to vertical displacements at each depth using a least-squares method, we simultaneously estimate diurnal and semidiurnal tides. Our analysis reveals regions of enhanced tidal activity, strongly dominated by the semidiurnal tide. To validate our findings, we compare the glider observations to a regional numerical simulation that includes tidal forcing. This comparison assesses the simulation’s realism in representing tidal dynamics and evaluates the glider’s ability to infer internal tide signals and their signature in sea surface height (SSH). The glider observations and a pseudo glider, simulated using hourly numerical model output with identical sampling, exhibit similar amplitude and phase characteristics along the glider track. Existing discrepancies are primarily explained by tidal incoherence induced by eddy-internal tide interactions. We infer the semidiurnal internal tide signature in steric SSH by the integration of vertical displacements. Within the upper 1000 m, the pseudo glider captures roughly 78 % of the steric SSH total variance explained by the full water column signal. This value increases to over 90 % when projecting the pseudo glider’s vertical displacements onto climatological baroclinic modes and extrapolating to full depth. Notably, the steric SSH from glider observations aligns closely with empirical estimates derived from satellite altimetry, highlighting the glider observations’ predominating coherent nature.
An 800 kyr planktonic δ18O stack for the Western Pacific Warm Pool
Authors: Bowman Christen L. , Rand Devin S. , Lisiecki Lorraine E. , Bova Samantha C.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) exhibits different glacial–interglacial climate variability compared to high latitudes, and its sea surface temperatures are thought to respond primarily to changes in greenhouse forcing. To better characterize the orbital-scale climate response covering the WPWP, we constructed a planktonic δ18O stack (average) of 10 previously published WPWP records of the last 800 kyr, available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10211900 (Bowman et al., 2023), using the new Bayesian alignment and stacking software BIGMACS (Lee et al., 2023b). Similarities in stack uncertainty between the WPWP planktonic δ18O stack and benthic δ18O stacks, also constructed using BIGMACS, demonstrate that the software performs similarly well when aligning regional planktonic or benthic δ18O data. A total of 65 radiocarbon dates from the upper portion of five of the WPWP cores suggest that WPWP planktonic δ18O change is nearly synchronous with global benthic δ18O during the last glacial termination. However, the WPWP planktonic δ18O stack exhibits a smaller glacial–interglacial amplitude and less spectral power at all orbital frequencies than benthic δ18O. We assert that the WPWP planktonic δ18O stack provides a useful representation of orbital-scale regional climate response and a valuable regional alignment target, particularly over the 0 to 450 ka portion of the stack.
MinVoellmy v1: a lightweight model for simulating rapid mass movements based on a modified Voellmy rheology
Authors: Hergarten Stefan
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The Voellmy rheology has been widely used for simulating snow avalanches and also for rock avalanches. Recently, a modified version of this rheology was proposed. While the conventional version of Voellmy's rheology uses the sum of Coulomb friction and a velocity-dependent friction term, the modified version assigns the two terms to different regimes of velocity. The software MinVoellmy presented here provides the first numerical implementation of the modified rheology in a two-dimensional, depth-averaged model. It consists of MATLAB and Python classes, where simplicity and parsimony were the design goals. In contrast to the majority of the models in this field, MinVoellmy uses a Cartesian coordinate system with the thickness of the fluid measured vertically and the velocity averaged vertically instead of perpendicularly to the bed. Furthermore, MinVoellmy implements a simple upstream scheme, which turns out to be sufficient for rheologies of the Voellmy type. Numerical tests reveal that the modified Voellmy rheology reproduces the empirical relation between runout length, height drop, and volume of large rock avalanches fairly well. Furthermore, there seems to be a large potential for further research on hummocky deposit morphologies and longitudinal striations.
Using integrated hydrological–hydraulic modelling and global data sources to analyse the February 2023 floods in the Umbeluzi Catchment (Mozambique)
Authors: Cea Luis , Álvarez Manuel , Puertas Jerónimo
Published: January 2024

Abstract. On 9–13 February 2023 an intense flood event took place in the province of Maputo (Mozambique), resulting in severe damage to agricultural lands and transport infrastructure and with serious consequences for the population. In the district of Boane, located a few kilometres downstream of the Pequenos Libombos dam, the flood destroyed many food crops as well as two bridges linking the district to Maputo, thus affecting the food security of the population. These events are quite frequent in this region, making the delineation of improved flood hazard maps and the development of new flood risk management plans necessary. We reproduce this flood event with a high-resolution integrated hydrologic–hydraulic model fed with freely available global data sources, using a methodology that can be easily reproduced in other data-scarce regions. The model results are validated with observed estimations of the inflow to the Pequenos Libombos reservoir, with water marks left by the flood in the district of Boane, and with a Sentinel-1 image taken during the recession of the flood. We analyse the effect of the Pequenos Libombos reservoir on the flood hazard, which was subject to debate among the affected population and in the media. The results obtained show that integrated hydrologic–hydraulic models based on two-dimensional shallow-water equations, combined with global databases, are currently able to reasonably reproduce the extent and peak discharge of extreme flood events in data-scarce basins and are therefore very useful tools for the development of flood management plans in these regions.
Load case selection for finite element simulations of wind turbine pitch bearings and hubs
Authors: Stammler Matthias , Schleich Florian
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Finite element simulations of large rolling bearings and structural parts are an indispensable tool in the design of wind turbines. Unlike simpler structures or smaller bearings in rigid environments where analytical formulas suffice, wind turbine components require a more comprehensive approach. This is because analytical formulas often fall short in predicting load distributions and stresses, leading to inadequate designs. However, due to the size of the finite element models and operational loads involved, it’s necessary to strike a balance between achieving realistic results and keeping computational times manageable. This study focuses on the selection of load cases for simulations of pitch bearings and hubs of wind turbines. The models for these contain the hub, the pitch bearings, the inner parts of three blades, and any necessary interfaces parts. The simulation results allow the calculation of static and fatigue strength. Given the complexity of the problem, with each rotor blade having six degrees of freedom, five types of loads, and the pitch angle, the potential combinations of loads would result in an unmanageably high number of required simulations. The present work exploits relationships between load components and the rotor position to reduce the number of load cases needed for fatigue calculations. The IWT 7.5-164 reference turbine and three commercial turbines serve as the basis for case studies which include bin counts and exemplary finite element simulations. The blade’s azimuth angle and bending moments of one blade allow determining the loads at all three blade roots with a reasonable degree of confidence.
من المكان ينبثق الوعي
Authors: ضو محمد عبد السلام
Published: January 2024

موضوع هذا البحث المختار هو النظرة في مسألة الهوية في أعمال لو كليزيو. في البداية، كنت أرغب في دراسة الرمزية في الصحراء لدى إبراهيم الكوني، ولكن اكتشفت أن هذا الموضوع قد تم التطرق إليه بشكل كبير بالفعل في أعمال لو كليزيو. لذا قمت بتوجيه انتباهي نحو المكان بشكل عام، والمسائل المتعلقة بالهوية التي لم يتم دراستها بشكل منهجي في أعمال الكاتب. انطلقت من فكرة أن وصف المكان يكشف دائمًا رؤية العالم، وسعيت لفهم المعنى الذي يخصصه لو كليزيو للأماكن في رواياته. لاحظت وجود تناقض بين المدينة كمكان للتبعية والقلق، والمساحة الطبيعية. وغالبًا ما تستوحى الأماكن الموصوفة من الأحداث العنيفة في العالم الحديث، وتكون كتابة لو كليزيو متجذرة في واقع مخيب للآمال. أبرز أيضًا وجود الهوامش في رواياته، التي تحمل علامات العالم المتحضر وتحتضن الفقراء والمجهولين والمستبعدين. وأخيرًا، تبرز مسألة الهوية في أعمال لو كليزيو استخدام الميتافورات والرموز والمواضيع المتشابهة من رواية إلى أخرى. يمنح وصف المكان مساحة كبيرة للخيال، مما يؤدي إلى تثالب الطبيعة وتقديمها كمساحة سعادة وحرية وانفتاح على التراث الثقافي الآخر. وبذلك يذكر لو كليزيو أن الإنسان جزء لا يتجزأ من الطبيعة ويسعى لإيجاد سعادة حقيقية تم فقدها إلى الأبد في العالم الحديث.
النخيل وتمورها في متصرفية فزان بين الضرائب العثمانية والاقتصاد الحرفي والمأثور الاجتماعي من خلال عينة وثائقية جديدة (1842-1875م)
Authors: هدى عبدالرحمن العلام
Published: January 2024

يركز هذه البحث على تحليل نقطتين أساسيتين : أولهما الضرائب العثمانية المالية والعشرية المفروضة على أشجار النخيل وتمورها في أقضية متصرفية فزان خلال العهد العثماني الثاني، وتحديداً بين عامي 1842 و1875م. وثانيهما يختص بأهمية هذه الشجرة المباركة وإنتاجها في الاقتصاد الحرفي لأهالي متصرفية فزان ودخولها في مأثورهم الاجتماعي . وذلك حسبما تحصلنا عليه من وثائق أرشيفية  تخص السلطة العثمانية في متصرفية فزان عامة، وبعض أقضيتها خاصة. فضلاً عن وثائق أخرى محلية خاصة ببعض رجالات فزان الميسورين مالياً ممن كانوا يشترون تمور أقضية متصرفية فزان من السلطة العثمانية فيها. فمجمل تلك العينة الوثائقية غير المنشورة تُسَلِّطُ الضوء على هذه الضرائب في مجمل أقضية متصرفية فزان بما احتوته من معلومات قيِّمة تقتضي إماطة اللثام عنها ومناقشتها وتحليلها ومقارنتها ، والاستفادة مما ورد فيها قدر الإمكان. ومحاولة مقاربتها مع مدونات الرحالة الأجانب إبان الفترة قيد البحث بما احتوته من معلومات مصدرية هامةً للِتْعَرُّفِ على وصفهم لنخيل أقضية فزان وأنواع تمورها وجودتها والضرائب المفروضة عليه ، ووقعها على الأهالي ، وعلاقات الأخيرين مع السلطة العثمانية ومأموريها بخصوص ضرائبها عليه ؛ لأجل اكتمال الرؤية التحليلية حول هذا الموضوع قدر المستطاع ؛ نظراً لعدم وجود دراسات سابقة متخصصة في الموضوع إلا من بعض الإشارات المرجعية المقتضبة. فلعل الكشف عن مضمون تلك المادة المصدرية الجديدة ودراستها طبقاً للمنهج التاريخي التحليلي قد تحمل الجديد والأصالة المنشودة في قسمي هذا البحث وما يمكن التوصل إليه من نتائج  أصيلة في خاتمته .
الأدوية النباتية والحيوانية في مخطوط الفتح في التداوي المنسوخ في بنغازي عام 1252هــ/1836م."دراسة تحليلية بإشكالياتها"
Authors: العلام هدى
Published: January 2024

تختصُ هذه الورقة البحثية بدراسة الأدوية الطبية النباتية والحيوانية المفصلة في مخطوط الفتح بالتداوي وتحليلها؛ انطلاقا من الأهمية المصدرية النفيسة للمخطوطات التاريخية فيما حوته عن علم الصيدلة.  فقد اختص مخطوطنا الجديد بذكر مئات الأدوية الطبية النباتية والحيوانية وتفصيل وصفاتها المُعَالجة لكثير من الأمراض في بلادنا، وتوضيح آثارها وبدائلها وما ارتبط بها  وتتمحور مشكلة البحث في أن الأدوية الطبية النباتية والحيوانية الواردة في مخطوط الفتح بالتداوي كانت متنوعةً في أسمائها، غنيةً في محتواها، متوفرةً في بيئتها المحلية، ومكافحةً للأمراض المصاحبة لها.  وعليه ارتبطت بهذه الإشكالية عدة تساؤلات منها: ماهي الأدوية الطبية النباتية والحيوانية الواردة في مخطوط الفتح بالتداوي؟ وهل انتهت قيمتها بانتهاء تاريخها؟ أم أنها صالحة إلى يومنا هذا وبدون آثار جانبية؟ وهل أتارت فاعلية هذه الأدوية اهتمام السلطة العثمانية في بلادنا وكيف تصرفت حيالها؟  وتكمن أهمية الموضوع في توضيح العلاقة بين علمي التاريخ والصيدلة ومن ورائهما تاريخ علم الطب في بلادنا. كما يهدف الموضوع إلى كشف مكنوز  إحدى المخطوطات التاريخية الحديثة النسخ فيما احتوته من معلومات مصدرية تاريخية صيدلانية  كانت جزءاً لا يتجزأ من البيئة المحلية لإيالة (ولاية) طرابلس الغرب، فضلاً  عن إحياء العودة إلى الأدوية النباتية والحيوانية المعالجة للأمراض المصاحبة للبيئة المحلية باعتبارها جزءًا من شريعتنا الإسلامية في القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية وما توافق معهما من المورث الاجتماعي لأهالي بلادنا بالتزامن مع ضعف القانون وانتشار الأدوية المنتهية الصلاحية أو ذات الأضرار الجانبية مع التأكيد على أهمية ما وصلت إليه التكنولوجيا الطبية والصيدلانية من تطور.  وعلى ذلك سيتم التركيز في هذا البحث على تحليل الأسماء العربية والعلمية للأدوية النباتية والحيوانية ومعرفة وصفاتها العلاجية   للأمراض المتعددة وآثارها وإشكالياتها المصاحبة لها. ثم نختم البحث بخاتمة نتائجه مرفقة بتوصياتها وقائمة مصادره ومراجعه.
دور الوظيفة الاتصالية في تعليم وتعلم اللغة العربية
Authors: أبوبكر محمد سويسي
Published: January 2024

يأتي هذا البحث في سياق الاستفادة من النظريات اللسانية بمرجعياتها العلمية وأبعادها المنهجية في مجال تعليم اللغة وتعلمها، ومعالجة اكتساب اللغة وتعليمها عن طريق المهارات والكفايات الألسنية، في الإطار الوظيفي للغة، وبالأخص في المستوى الاتصالي، اعتمادا على الارتباط الوثيق بين اكتساب اللغة وتحصيل حال الاتصال بين طرفي عملتي التعلم والتعليم، فإدراك جملة المعايير الاتصالية هو رهن لإنجاز عملية تعليم اللغة العربية، وقد بلغ من حتمية هذا الحضور في الطرح التعليمي للغة أن غياب عنصر الاتصال بأبعاده المنهجية في تعليم اللغة وتعلمها يفضي لانتفاء واستحالة حال التعلم والتعليم أصلا، فجاءت الورقة في مبحثين، الأول: في علاقة اللغة المجردة بنظرية الاتصال والتأثير، والثاني: في عرض الإجراءات الفنية للتنظير المعرفي في المدارس التعليمية.
دور نشاط فهم المنطوق في تنمية الملكات اللغوية للناشئة: تلميذ السنة الأولى من التعليم الابتدائي الجزائري ـــ عينة ــ
Authors: بوقرة مريم
Published: January 2024

تحتل اللغة العربية مكانة هامة في المناهج التربوية الجزائرية، وتشمل في مناهج الجيل الثاني من التعليم الابتدائي أربعة ميادين تتمثل في: ميدان فهم المنطوق ويتعلق بالاستماع والفهم، وميدان التعبير الشفوي ويتعلق بالمشاهدة والتعبير مشافهة، وميدان فهم المكتوب ويتعلق بالقراءة والكتابة، وميدان التعبير الكتابي ويتعلق بالإنتاج.

سنركز في هذا البحث على الميدان الأول؛ ميدان فهم المنطوق، في محاولة للوقوف على دوره في فهم الميادين الأخرى عن طريق إثراء الرصيد اللغوي للتلميذ، ومساعدته في بناء تعلّماته واكتساب الموارد المستهدفة في كل محور تعليمي، وللوقوف على أهمية الاستماع في عملية التعلّم.
المعاجم الإلكترونية -معجم اللغة العربية الحديثة لأحمد مختار عمر نموذجا
Authors: ليندة زواوي
Published: January 2024

شهد العالم مؤخرا هيمنة الجانب التقني وسباقا نحو الرقمنة، وأمام هذا التطور لحقت اللغة العربية بالركب مما نتج عنه دراسات علمية متعددة في مجال حوسبة اللغة بغية عصرنتها، ويعد إنجاز معاجم إلكترونيّة ضرورةً ملحّةً فرض التطور العلمي جانبا منها، وقد بدأ هذا العمل مقتصرا على الجانب النظري الذي يعتبر مرحلة تمهيدية لكيفية إعداد معاجم حاسوبية؛ توج بإنجاز حقيقي تجسد على أرض الواقع شهد أنواعا مختلفة، ثم تلتها مرحلة تقييم تلك الجهود الغرض منه إيصالها للمستوى المنشود.
الدرس النحويّ التعليمّي في ضوء العلاقة بين اللغة والعقل والعالم
Authors: صالح عبدالسلام البغدادي  , نوارة محمد عقيلة محمد  , عادل محمد يوسف الناجم
Published: January 2024

يُعدّ الدرس النحويّ التعليمي من أهم شواغل المهتمين باللغة أفرادا ومؤسسات؛ وذلك لما أصاب اللسان العربي من لحن واعوجاج. فلم يعد النشء قادرين على امتلاك اللغة في المستوى المطلوب ولا في أدنى مستوياتها. وصار طرح سؤال كيف بالإمكان تجديد الدرس النحويّ سؤالا متجددا باستمرار. لذا يهدف هذا البحث إلى عرض تصور لمشروع إعادة قراءة النحو العربي التعليمي في ضوء العلاقة بين العالم والعقل واللغة. وبما أنَّ فكرة البحث كانت قد انطلقت من واقع متعلمي اللغة العربيّة فقد كان العنصر الأوّل في هذا البحث متعلقًا برصد أهمِّ الأسباب التي أدت إلى ضعف تحصيل اللغة العربيّة عند متعلميها. وجاء العنصر الثاني متمثلا في بيان أهم التجارب السابقة التي أعادت قراءة النحو العربي في ضوء التراث والنظريات اللسانية الحديثة. واختص العنصر الثالث بجوهر هذا البحث وهو تقديم فكرة مشروع إعادة قراءة النحو العربي دون القطيعة من التراث أو من منجزات التجارب السابقة. والفكرة التي ينطلق منها البحث هي: أنَّ العقل يدرك العالم ثم تأتي هذه اللغة لتصف التصوّر الناتج من هذا الإدراك، إذن كيف تتشكّل اللغة لتكافئ صورة العالم المتمثّلة في العقل؟