bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF STRUCTURE FORMATION AND CHANGES IN THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CAST Al-Mg-Si-Mn ALLOY WITH THE ADDITION OF (Ti+Zr)
Authors: Trudonoshyn Oleksandr , Puchnin Maxim , Mykhalenkov Kostiantyn
Published: September 2015

The as-cast and heat-treated structure of permanent mould castings of AlMg5Si2Mn alloys with different contents of Ti has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, hardness and microhardness measurements, tensile tests and fractography analyses, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. We have established that α-Al dendrites can be nucleated on an Al-Ti substrate, and also that primary Mg2Si crystals can be nucleated on oxides, including oxides of Al and Ti compounds. The dependence of the change in mechanical properties on ageing time, and on the amount of Ti in the alloys, is shown.
Migrantisches Unternehmertum in Deutschland
Authors: Schmitt Caroline
Published: September 2015

Wie ist migrantisches Unternehmertum in gesellschaftliche Strukturen in Deutschland eingebunden? Caroline Schmitt verdeutlicht anhand von Afro Hair Salons die Position der Unternehmer_innen zwischen sozialer Ausgrenzung und gesellschaftlicher Inkorporation: Die Salonbetreibenden entwickeln innovative Geschäftsideen und streben nach Wertschätzung ihrer Unternehmen, erleben sich aber als marginalisiert und exotisiert. Die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Analysen münden in eine Typologie zum Umgang mit sozialer Ausgrenzung und liefern Ansatzpunkte für Interkulturelle Öffnung und Diversity-Ansätze im Feld migrantischen Unternehmertums.
Other-initiated repair in Russian
Authors: Baranova Julija
Published: September 2015

This article describes the interactional patterns and linguistic structures associated with otherinitiated
repair, as observed in a corpus of video-recorded conversations in Russian. In the discussion of
various repair cases special attention is given to the modifications that the trouble source turn undergoes
in response to an open versus a restricted repair initiation. Speakers often modify their problematic turn in
multiple ways at ones when responding to an open repair initiation. They can alter the word order of the
problematic turn, change prosodic contour of the utterance, omit redundant elements and add more specific
ones. By contrast, restricted repair initiations usually receive specific repair solutions that target only one
problem at a time.
Development of ruthenium-based complexes as anticancer agents: toward a rational design of alternative receptor targets
Authors: Adeniyi Adebayo A. , Ajibade Peter A.
Published: September 2015

In the search for novel anticancer agents, the development of metal-based complexes that could serve as alternatives to cisplatin and its derivatives has received considerable attention in recent years. This becomes necessary because, at present, cisplatin and its derivatives are the only coordination complexes being used as anticancer agents in spite of inherent serious side effects and their limitation against metastasized platinum-resistant cancer cells. Although many metal ions have been considered as possible alternatives to cisplatin, the most promising are ruthenium (Ru) complexes and two Ru compounds, KP1019 and NAMI-A, which are currently in phase II clinical trials. The major obstacle against the rational design of these compounds is the fact that their mode of action in relation to their therapeutic activities and selectivity is not fully understood. There is an urgent need to develop novel metal-based anticancer agents, especially Ru-based compounds, with known mechanism of actions, probable targets, and pharmacodynamic activity. In this paper, we review the current efforts in developing metal-based anticancer agents based on promising Ru complexes and the development of compounds targeting receptors and then examine the future prospects.
Role of iso-receptors in receptor-receptor interactions with a focus on dopamine iso-receptor complexes
Authors: Agnati Luigi F. , Guidolin Diego , Cervetto Chiara , Borroto-Escuela Dasiel O. , Fuxe Kjell
Published: September 2015

Intercellular and intracellular communication processes consist of signals and recognition/decoding apparatuses of these signals. In humans, the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family represents the largest family of cell surface receptors. More than 30 years ago, it has been proposed that GPCR could form dimers or higher-order oligomers (receptor mosaics [RMs] at the plasma membrane level and receptor-receptor interactions [RRIs] have been proposed as a new integrative mechanism for chemical signals impinging on cell plasma membranes). The basic phenomena involved in RRIs are allostery and cooperativity of membrane receptors, and the present paper provides basic information concerning their relevance for the integrative functions of RMs. In this context, the possible role of iso-receptor RM is discussed (with a special focus on dopamine receptor subtypes and on some of the RMs they form with other dopamine iso-receptors), and it is proposed that two types of cooperativity, namely, homotropic and heterotropic cooperativity, could allow distinguishing two types of functionally different RMs. From a general point of view, the presence of iso-receptors and their topological organization within RMs allow the use of a reduced number of signals for the intercellular communication processes, since the target cells can recognize and decode the same signal in different ways. This theoretical aspect is further analyzed here by means of an analogy with artificial information systems. Thus, it is suggested that the ‘multiplexer’ and ‘demultiplexer’ concepts could, at least in part, model the role of RMs formed by iso-receptors in the information handling by the cell.
Refining stratified reference
Authors: Champollion Lucas
Published: September 2015

This is a reply to the comments by Corver, Doetjes, Link, Piñón, Schwarzschild, and Syrett on the target article in this volume, Stratified reference: The common core of distributivity, aspect, and measurement. Stratified reference is designed to capture semantic oppositions involving atelicity, plurality and mass reference, extensive measure functions, distributivity, and collectivity. Following suggestions by some of the commentators, stratified reference is refined here in two ways: it is restricted to the parts of the event or individual in question, and its granularity parameter is instantiated with a predicate built around mereological proper parthood and degree ordering.
Activation of Spinal Stabilizers and Shoulder Complex Muscles During an Inverted Row Using a Portable Pull-up Device and Body Weight Resistance
Authors: Youdas James W. , Keith Julianne M. , Nonn Danielle E. , Squires Adam C. , Hollman John H.
Published: September 2015

Youdas, JW, Keith, JM, Nonn, DE, Squires, AC, and Hollman, JH. Activation of spinal stabilizers and shoulder complex muscles during an inverted row using a portable pull-up device and body weight resistance. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1933–1941, 2016—We recorded muscle activation normalized to a maximum voluntary isometric contraction (% MVIC) during an inverted body weight row using a commercially available portable pull-up device. Surface electromyographic (EMG) analysis was conducted on 13 male and 13 female subjects performing 4 inverted row exercises: (a) pronated grip both feet weight-bearing (WB); (b) supinated grip both feet WB; (c) pronated grip one leg WB; and (d) supinated grip single-leg WB. Nine muscles were analyzed: (a) posterior deltoid (PD), (b) latissimus dorsi (LD), (c) biceps brachii (BB), (d) lower trapezius (LT), (e) upper trapezius (UT), (f) lumbar multifidus (LM), (g) middle trapezius (MT), (h) lumbar thoracis (LTh), and (i) rectus abdominis (RA). Normalized peak EMG activity was examined separately for each muscle with 9 repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) at α = 0.05. Post hoc comparisons of EMG activation across exercises for statistically significant ANOVAs were conducted with Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons. We observed statistically significant differences in EMG activation of the LD between supinated and pronated double-leg WB (p = 0.001) condition. Additionally, we found statistical significance in the UT between pronated and supinated single-leg WB (p = 0.007). No statistically significant differences in muscle activation existed between single- and double-leg WB in any muscles. Four muscles (BB, LD, LT, and PD) demonstrated very high (>61% MVIC) EMG activation during all 4 exercise conditions. Three muscles (UT, MT, and LM) demonstrated high (41–60% MVIC) activation, whereas 2 muscles (LTh and RA) demonstrated moderate (21–40% MVIC) activation. Four inverted row exercises activated the LD, UT, MT, LT, and BB at levels conducive to strengthening.
The Good and Bad Differentially Encoded within the Subthalamic Nucleus in Rats
Authors: Breysse Emmanuel , Pelloux Yann , Baunez Christelle
Published: September 2015

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) has only recently been added into the reward circuit. It has been shown to encode information regarding rewards (4% sucrose, 32% cocaine). To investigate the encoding of negative value, STN neurons were recorded in rats performing a task using discriminative stimuli predicting various rewards and especially during the replacement of a positive reinforcer (4% sucrose) by an aversive reinforcer (quinine). The results show that STN neurons encode information relative to both positive and aversive reinforcers via specialized subpopulations. The specialization is reset when the context is modified (change from a favorable context (4% vs 32% sucrose) to an unfavorable context (quinine vs 32% sucrose). An excitatory response to the cue light predicting the reward seems to be associated with the preferred situation, suggesting that STN plays a role in encoding the relative value of rewards. STN also seems to play a critical role in the encoding of execution error. Indeed, various subpopulations of neurons responding exclusively at early (i.e., “oops neurons”) or at correct lever release were identified. The oops neurons respond mostly when the preferred reward (32% sucrose) is missed. Furthermore, STN neurons respond to reward omission, suggesting a role in reward prediction error. These properties of STN neurons strengthen its position in the reward circuit as a key cerebral structure through which reward-related processes are mediated. It is particularly important given the fact that STN is the target of surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease and obsessive compulsive disorders, and has been suggested for the treatment of addiction as well.
Single-Trial Event-Related Potential Correlates of Belief Updating
Authors: Bennett Daniel , Murawski Carsten , Bode Stefan
Published: September 2015

Belief updating—the process by which an agent alters an internal model of its environment—is a core function of the CNS. Recent theory has proposed broad principles by which belief updating might operate, but more precise details of its implementation in the human brain remain unclear. In order to address this question, we studied how two components of the human event-related potential encoded different aspects of belief updating. Participants completed a novel perceptual learning task while electroencephalography was recorded. Participants learned the mapping between the contrast of a dynamic visual stimulus and a monetary reward and updated their beliefs about a target contrast on each trial. A Bayesian computational model was formulated to estimate belief states at each trial and was used to quantify the following two variables: belief update size and belief uncertainty. Robust single-trial regression was used to assess how these model-derived variables were related to the amplitudes of the P3 and the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN), respectively. Results showed a positive relationship between belief update size and P3 amplitude at one fronto-central electrode, and a negative relationship between SPN amplitude and belief uncertainty at a left central and a right parietal electrode. These results provide evidence that belief update size and belief uncertainty have distinct neural signatures that can be tracked in single trials in specific ERP components. This, in turn, provides evidence that the cognitive mechanisms underlying belief updating in humans can be described well within a Bayesian framework.
Serum thyroglobulin before and after iodization of salt: an 11-year DanThyr follow-up study
Authors: Krejbjerg Anne , Bjergved Lena , Pedersen Inge Bülow , Carlé Allan , Knudsen Nils , Perrild Hans , Ovesen Lars , Rasmussen Lone Banke , Laurberg Peter
Published: September 2015

Objective

Our objective was to investigate individual serum thyroglobulin (Tg) changes in relation to iodine fortification (IF) and to clarify possible predictors of these changes.

Design

We performed a longitudinal population-based study (DanThyr) in two regions with different iodine intake at baseline: Aalborg (moderate iodine deficiency (ID)) and Copenhagen (mild ID). Participants were examined at baseline (1997) before the mandatory IF of salt (2000) and again at follow-up (2008) after IF.

Methods

We examined 2465 adults and a total of 1417 participants with no previous thyroid disease and without Tg-autoantibodies were included in the analyses. Serum Tg was measured by immunoradiometric method. We registered participants with a daily intake of iodine from supplements in addition to IF.

Results

Overall, the follow-up period saw no change in median Tg in Copenhagen (9.1/9.1 μg/l,P=0.67) while Tg decreased significantly in Aalborg (11.4/9.0 μg/l,P<0.001). Regional differences were evident before IF (Copenhagen/Aalborg, 9.1/11.4 μg/l,P<0.001), whereas no differences existed after IF (9.1/9.0 μg/l,P=1.00). Living in Aalborg (P<0.001) and not using iodine supplements at baseline (P=0.001) predicted a decrease in Tg whereas baseline thyroid enlargement (P=0.02) and multinodularity (P=0.01) were associated with an individual increase in Tg during follow-up.

Conclusions

After IF we observed a decrease in median Tg in Aalborg and the previously observed regional differences between Aalborg and Copenhagen had levelled out. Likewise, living in Aalborg was a strong predictor of an individual decrease in serum Tg. Thus, even small differences in iodine intake at baseline were very important for the individual response to IF.
Proteomic changes of the porcine small intestine in response to chronic heat stress
Authors: Cui Yanjun , Gu Xianhong
Published: September 2015

Acute heat stress (HS) negatively affects intestinal integrity and barrier function. In contrast, chronic mild HS poses a distinct challenge to animals. Therefore, this study integrates biochemical, histological and proteomic approaches to investigate the effects of chronic HS on the intestine in finishing pigs. Castrated male crossbreeds (79.00±1.50 kg BW) were subjected to either thermal neutral (TN, 21 °C; 55%±5% humidity; n=8) or HS conditions (30 °C; 55%±5% humidity; n=8) for 3 weeks. The pigs were sacrificed after 3 weeks of high environmental exposure and the plasma hormones, the intestinal morphology, integrity, and protein profiles of the jejunum mucosa were determined. Chronic HS reduced the free triiodothyronine (FT3) and GH levels. HS damaged intestinal morphology, increased plasma d-lactate concentrations and decreased alkaline phosphatase activity of intestinal mucosa. Proteome analysis of the jejunum mucosa was conducted by 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Fifty-three intestinal proteins were found to be differentially abundant, 18 of which were related to cell structure and motility, and their changes in abundance could comprise intestinal integrity and function. The down-regulation of proteins involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), electron transport chain (ETC), and oxidative phosphorylation suggested that chronic HS impaired energy metabolism and thus induced oxidative stress. Moreover, the changes of ten proteins in abundance related to stress response and defense indicated pigs mediated long-term heat exposure and counteracted its negative effects of heat exposure. These findings have important implications for understanding the effect of chronic HS on intestines.
Recent advances in central congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Schoenmakers Nadia , Alatzoglou Kyriaki S , Chatterjee V Krishna , Dattani Mehul T
Published: September 2015

Central congenital hypothyroidism (CCH) may occur in isolation, or more frequently in combination with additional pituitary hormone deficits with or without associated extrapituitary abnormalities. Although uncommon, it may be more prevalent than previously thought, affecting up to 1:16 000 neonates in the Netherlands. Since TSH is not elevated, CCH will evade diagnosis in primary, TSH-based, CH screening programs and delayed detection may result in neurodevelopmental delay due to untreated neonatal hypothyroidism. Alternatively, coexisting growth hormones or ACTH deficiency may pose additional risks, such as life threatening hypoglycaemia. Genetic ascertainment is possible in a minority of cases and reveals mutations in genes controlling the TSH biosynthetic pathway (TSHB, TRHR,IGSF1) in isolated TSH deficiency, or early (HESX1, LHX3, LHX4, SOX3, OTX2) or late (PROP1, POU1F1) pituitary transcription factors in combined hormone deficits. Since TSH cannot be used as an indicator of euthyroidism, adequacy of treatment can be difficult to monitor due to a paucity of alternative biomarkers. This review will summarize the normal physiology of pituitary development and the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis, then describe known genetic causes of isolated central hypothyroidism and combined pituitary hormone deficits associated with TSH deficiency. Difficulties in diagnosis and management of these conditions will then be discussed.
Morphological and molecular effects of cortisol and ACTH on zebrafish stage I and II follicles
Authors: Sousa Maria Lígia , Figueiredo Francisco , Pinheiro Catarina , Silva Ana , Malhão Fernanda , Rocha Maria João , Rocha Eduardo , Urbatzka Ralph
Published: September 2015

Oogenesis in zebrafish (Danio rerio)is controlled by the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal axis and reproductive hormones. In addition, an interference of stress hormones is known with reproductive biology. In the presented work, we aimed to explore the hypothesis that cortisol (Cort) and ACTH may affect early oogenesis in zebrafish, given the presence of the specific receptors for glucocorticoids and ACTH in the zebrafish ovary. Follicles at stages I and II were exposedin vitroto 1 μM Cort and ACTH for 48 h, then ultrastructural and molecular effects were analyzed. The comet assay demonstrated increased tail moments for Cort and ACTH treatment indicative of DNA damage. The mRNA expression of apoptotic genes (bax,bcl-2) was not altered by both treatments, but Cort increased significantly the expression of the ACTH receptor (mc2r). Cort stimulated the presence of the endoplasmic reticulum, predominantly at stage II, while ACTH induced a strong vacuolization. Viability of oocytes was not affected by both treatments and fluorescent staining (monodansylcadaverine/acridine orange) indicated a reduced quantity of autophagosomes for ACTH, and lower presence of nucleic acids in ooplasm for Cort and ACTH. Concluding, different responses were observed for stress hormones on early stages of zebrafish oocytes, which suggest a role for both hormones in the stress-mediated adverse effects on female gametogenesis.
MicroRNAs and Their Targets Are Differentially Regulated in Adult and Neonatal Mouse CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Wissink Erin M , Smith Norah L , Spektor Roman , Rudd Brian D , Grimson Andrew
Published: September 2015

Immunological memory, which protects organisms from re-infection, is a hallmark of the mammalian adaptive immune system and the underlying principle of vaccination. In early life, however, mice and other mammals are deficient at generating memory CD8+ T cells, which protect organisms from intracellular pathogens. The molecular basis that differentiates adult and neonatal CD8+ T cells is unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are both developmentally regulated and required for normal adult CD8+ T cell functions. We used next-generation sequencing to identify mouse miRNAs that are differentially regulated in adult and neonatal CD8+ T cells, which may contribute to the impaired development of neonatal memory cells. The miRNA profiles of adult and neonatal cells were surprisingly similar during infection; however, we observed large differences prior to infection. In particular, miR-29 and miR-130 have significant differential expression between adult and neonatal cells before infection. Importantly, using RNA-Seq, we detected reciprocal changes in expression of messenger RNA targets for both miR-29 and miR-130. Moreover, targets that we validated include Eomes and Tbx21, key genes that regulate the formation of memory CD8+ T cells. Notably, age-dependent changes in miR-29 and miR-130 are conserved in human CD8+ T cells, further suggesting that these developmental differences are biologically relevant. Together, these results demonstrate that miR-29 and miR-130 are likely important regulators of memory CD8+ T cell formation and suggest that neonatal cells are committed to a short-lived effector cell fate prior to infection.
Maternal Versus Infant Vitamin D Supplementation During Lactation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hollis Bruce W. , Wagner Carol L. , Howard Cynthia R. , Ebeling Myla , Shary Judy R. , Smith Pamela G. , Taylor Sarah N. , Morella Kristen , Lawrence Ruth A. , Hulsey Thomas C.
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVE:

Compare effectiveness of maternal vitamin D3 supplementation with 6400 IU per day alone to maternal and infant supplementation with 400 IU per day.

METHODS:

Exclusively lactating women living in Charleston, SC, or Rochester, NY, at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum were randomized to either 400, 2400, or 6400 IU vitamin D3/day for 6 months. Breastfeeding infants in 400 IU group received oral 400 IU vitamin D3/day; infants in 2400 and 6400 IU groups received 0 IU/day (placebo). Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) <50 nmol/L. 2400 IU group ended in 2009 as greater infant deficiency occurred. Maternal serum vitamin D, 25(OH)D, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations and urinary calcium/creatinine ratios were measured at baseline then monthly, and infant blood parameters were measured at baseline and months 4 and 7.

RESULTS:

Of the 334 mother-infant pairs in 400 IU and 6400 IU groups at enrollment, 216 (64.7%) were still breastfeeding at visit 1; 148 (44.3%) continued full breastfeeding to 4 months and 95 (28.4%) to 7 months. Vitamin D deficiency in breastfeeding infants was greatly affected by race. Compared with 400 IU vitamin D3 per day, 6400 IU/day safely and significantly increased maternal vitamin D and 25(OH)D from baseline (P < .0001). Compared with breastfeeding infant 25(OH)D in the 400 IU group receiving supplement, infants in the 6400 IU group whose mothers only received supplement did not differ.

CONCLUSIONS:

Maternal vitamin D supplementation with 6400 IU/day safely supplies breast milk with adequate vitamin D to satisfy her nursing infant’s requirement and offers an alternate strategy to direct infant supplementation.
Doctor, What Would You Do? An ANSWER for Patients Requesting Advice About Value-Laden Decisions
Authors: Edmonds Brownsyne Tucker , Torke Alexia M. , Helft Paul , Wocial Lucia D.
Published: September 2015

This article presents a previously published framework, summarized in the mnemonic ANSWER (A, Active listening; N, Needs assessment; S, Self-awareness/reflection; W, Whose perspective?; E, Elicit values; R, Respond) for how to respond to the question, “Doctor, what would you do?” when considering medical decisions that are preference-sensitive, meaning there is limited or debatable evidence to guide clinical recommendations, or are value-laden, such that the “right” decision may differ based on the context or values of a given individual. Using the mnemonic and practical examples, we attempt to make the framework for an ethically appropriate approach to these conversations more accessible for clinicians. Rather than a decision rule, this mnemonic represents a set of points to consider when physicians are considering an ethically acceptable response that fosters trust and rapport. We apply this approach to a case of periviable counseling, among the more emotionally challenging and value-laden antenatal decisions faced by providers and patients.
Intraurethral Lidocaine for Urethral Catheterization in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Poonai Naveen , Li Jennifer , Langford Cindy , Lepore Natasha , Taddio Anna , Gerges Sandra , Stitt Larry , Teefy John , Manji Karim , Castelo Matt , Rieder Michael , Qui Tingting , Matsui Doreen , Ali Samina
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVES:

To determine whether lidocaine is superior to nonanesthetic lubricant (NAL) for relieving pain in children undergoing urethral catheterization (UC).

METHODS:

Children 0 to 24 months requiring UC were randomized to NAL or topical and intraurethral 2% lidocaine gel. Primary outcome was facial grimacing in the pre to during drug administration and catheterization phases. Secondary outcome was caregiver satisfaction by using a Visual Analog Scale.

RESULTS:

There were 133 participants (n = 68 lidocaine, n = 65 NAL). There were no significant differences in mean (SD) scores during UC between lidocaine and NAL (86.4% [121.5%] vs 85.2% [126.6%]), respectively (Δ [confidence interval (CI)] = −1.2 [−21.0 to 49.0], P = .4). There was a significantly greater difference in mean (SD) scores during instillation of lidocaine versus NAL (61.8% [105.6%] vs 3.2% [84.9%]), respectively (Δ [CI] –58.6 [–95.0 to –32.0], P < .001). There were no significant differences in mean (SD) parental satisfaction scores between lidocaine and NAL (4.8 [3.2] vs 5.9 [2.9]), respectively (CI–0.1 to 2.2; P = .06). In the subgroup analysis, age, gender, and positive urine culture did not significantly influence between-group differences in facial grimacing.

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with NAL, topical and intraurethral lidocaine is not associated with significant pain reduction during UC, but significantly greater pain during instillation. Therefore, clinicians may consider using noninvasive pain-reducing strategies for young children who require UC.
Diagnosis and Management of Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Darrow David H. , Greene Arin K. , Mancini Anthony J. , Nopper Amy J. ,   the SECTION ON DERMATOLOGY, SECTION ON OTOLARYNGOLOGY–HEAD AND NECK SURGERY, and SECTION ON PLASTIC SURGERY, Antaya Richard J. , Cohen Bernard , Drolet Beth A. , Fay Aaron , Fishman Steven J. , Friedlander Sheila F. , Ghali Fred E. , Horii Kimberly A. , Patel Manish N. , Metry Denise W. , North Paula E. , O Teresa M. , Perkins Jonathan A. , Smith Michael L. , Treadwell Patricia A. , Waner Milton , Yan Albert C. , Bruckner Anna L. , Horii Kim , Silverberg Nanette B. , Wright Teresa S. , Bower Charles , Baldassari Christina , Digoy German Paul , Hotaling Andrew , Ishman Stacey , McClay John , Preciado Diego , Rosbe Kristina , Schoem Scott , Simons Jeffrey , Sobol Steven , Walner David , Taub Peter J. , Baker Stephen B. , Greene Arin K. , King Timothy W. , Mackay Donald R. , Mount Delora L. , Steinberg Jordon Philip , Urata Mark M.
Published: September 2015

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common tumors of childhood. Unlike other tumors, they have the unique ability to involute after proliferation, often leading primary care providers to assume they will resolve without intervention or consequence. Unfortunately, a subset of IHs rapidly develop complications, resulting in pain, functional impairment, or permanent disfigurement. As a result, the primary clinician has the task of determining which lesions require early consultation with a specialist. Although several recent reviews have been published, this clinical report is the first based on input from individuals representing the many specialties involved in the treatment of IH. Its purpose is to update the pediatric community regarding recent discoveries in IH pathogenesis, treatment, and clinical associations and to provide a basis for clinical decision-making in the management of IH.
Vertical transmission of Mycoplasma wenyonii in cattle, supported by analysis of the ribonuclease P RNA gene — Short communication
Authors: Sasaoka Fumina , Suzuki Jin , Hirata Toh-Ichi , Ichijo Toshihiro , Furuhama Kazuhisa , Harasawa Ryô , Satoh Hiroshi
Published: September 2015

The vertical transmission of Mycoplasma (M.) wenyonii was investigated in beef cattle raised on a farm in Japan by analysing the ribonuclease P RNA (rnpB) gene sequence using PCR. Peripheral blood samples from 17 dams infected with M. wenyonii and from their neonatal calves were collected and colostrum samples were taken from cows immediately after parturition, and subsequently the blood samples of calves were monitored continuously for three months. At birth on day 0, although no rnpB gene was detected in the colostrum of any of the dams, four (23.5%) of the 17 calves born were positive. At three months after delivery, the number of positive calves decreased to three. Although horizontal transmission by blood-feeding arthropod vectors has been basically accepted as the most common route of haemoplasma infection, these findings suggest that vertical transmission is, at least in part, another most likely route of M. wenyonii infection in cattle.
Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular functions in nondiabetic normotensive hemodialysis patients
Authors: Karavelioğlu Yusuf , Özkurt Sultan , Kalçik Macit , Karapinar Hekim , Arisoy Arif
Published: September 2015

Purpose

Heart is affected structurally and functionally in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the data available about adverse effects of ESRD on right ventricle (RV) is scarce. We aimed to evaluate echocardiographic parameters of RV in nondiabetic, normotensive patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis (HD).

Methods

A total of 45 (24 women; mean age 52.4 ± 12.4 years) consecutive nondiabetic, normotensive patients with ESRD undergoing HD and 39 healthy age and sex-matched control subjects (22 women; mean age 50.3 ± 6.6 years) were enrolled in the study. M-mode and two dimensional images, color, pulsed and continuous wave Doppler, and tissue Doppler measurements were acquired from all subjects. Echocardiographic evaluation was performed in the days between HD dates of the patients.

Results

RV fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tricuspid E velocity, E/A ratio, tricuspid annular E′ velocity, and E′/A′ ratio were lower in patients than controls (p > 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.007, p = 0.005, p > 0.001, and p = 0.034, respectively). However, RV diastolic area, RV myocardial performance index, E/E′ ratio, and mean and systolic pulmonary artery pressure were higher in patients than controls (p > 0.001, p = 0.007, p = 0.005, p > 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively).

Conclusions

RV systolic and diastolic functions of nondiabetic, normotensive HD patients are deteriorated as compared to healthy controls.
Predictors of in-hospital mortality following redo cardiac surgery: Single center experience
Authors: Colkesen Yucel , Coskun Isa , Cayli Murat , Gulcan Oner
Published: September 2015

Purpose

Redo cardiac operations represent one of the main challenges in heart surgery. The purpose of the study was to analyze the predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing reoperative cardiac surgery by a single surgical team.

Methods

A total of 1367 patients underwent cardiac surgical procedures and prospectively entered into a computerized database. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the reoperative cardiac surgery (n = 109) and control group (n = 1258). Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the possible predictors of hospital mortality.

Results

Mean age was 56 ± 13, and 46% were female in redo group. In-hospital mortality was 4.6 vs. 2.2%, p = 0.11. EuroSCORE (6 vs. 3; p > 0.01), cardiopulmonary bypass time (90 vs. 71 min; p > 0.01), postoperative bleeding (450 vs. 350 ml; p > 0.01), postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) (29 vs. 16%; p > 0.01), and inotropic support (58 vs. 31%; p = 0.001) were significantly different. These variables were entered into uni- and multivariate regression analysis. Postoperative AF (OR 1.76, p = 0.007) and EuroSCORE (OR 1.42, p > 0.01) were significant risk factors predicting hospital mortality.

Conclusions

Reoperative cardiac surgery can be performed under similar risks as primary operations. Postoperative AF and EuroSCORE are predictors of in-hospital mortality for redo cases.
Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research
Authors: Kardefelt-Winther Daniel
Published: September 2015

Background and Aims

This commentary is written in response to a paper by Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage and Hereen (2015) published in the Journal of Behavioral Addictions.

Methods

It supports and extends the arguments by Billieux, Schimmenti et al. (2015): that the study of behavioral addictions too often rests on atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches. This tends to lead to theories that lack specificity and a neglect of the underlying processes that might explain why repetitive problem behaviors occur.

Results

In this commentary I extend the arguments by Billieux, Schimmenti et al. (2015) and argue that such research approaches might take us further away from conceptualizing psychiatric diagnoses that can be properly validated, which is already a problem in the field. Furthermore, I discuss whether the empirical support for conceptualizing repetitive problem behaviors as addictions might rest on research practices that have been methodologically biased to produce a result congruent with the proposal that substance addictions and behavioral addictions share similar traits.

Conclusions

I conclude by presenting a number of ways of going forward, chief of which is the proposal that we might wish to go beyond a priori assumptions of addiction in favor of identifying the essential problem manifestations for each new potential behavioral addiction.
The influence of exercise identity and social physique anxiety on exercise dependence
Authors: Cook Brian , Karr Trisha M. , Zunker Christie , Mitchell James E. , Thompson Ron , Sherman Roberta , Erickson Ann , Cao Li , Crosby Ross D.
Published: September 2015

Background

Previous research has identified exercise identity and social physique anxiety as two independent factors that are associated with exercise dependence.

Aims

The purpose of our study was to investigate the unique and interactive effect of these two known correlates of exercise dependence in a sample of 1,766 female runners.

Methods

Regression analyses tested the main effects of exercise identity and social physique anxiety on exercise dependence. An interaction term was calculated to examine the potential moderating effect of social physique anxiety on the exercise identity and exercise dependence relationship.

Results

Results indicate a main effect for exercise identity and social physique anxiety on exercise dependence; and the interaction of these factors explained exercise dependence scores beyond the independent effects. Thus, social physique anxiety acted as a moderator in the exercise identity and exercise dependence relationship.

Discussion

Our results indicate that individuals who strongly identify themselves as an exerciser and also endorse a high degree of social physique anxiety may be at risk for developing exercise dependence.

Conclusions

Our study supports previous research which has examined factors that may contribute to the development of exercise dependence and also suggests a previously unknown moderating relationship for social physique anxiety on exercise dependence.
Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research
Authors: Potenza Marc N.
Published: September 2015

Multiple controversies exist currently in the field of behavioral addictions. The opinion article by Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage and Heeren (2015) proposes an approach to considering which behaviors might be considered as foci for addictions. The article raises multiple important points that foster further dialog and highlight the need for additional research. Given that how specific behaviors are considered from diagnostic and classification perspectives holds significant public health implications, targeting and eliminating current knowledge gaps relating to behavioral addictions is an important undertaking.
Fishes from Lake Yaxhá, Mayan Biosphere Reserve, Petén, Guatemala
Authors: Barrientos Christian , Elías Diego , Quintana Yasmín
Published: September 2015

The Mayan Biosphere Reserve is the largest protected area in Guatemala. Lake Yaxhá is located inside the core zone. Using electrofishing, seines and gillnets we assessed the fish richness and community in 2011. We collected 18 species distributed in seven families, with Cichlidae (seven species) and Poecilidae (five species) the most specious. We evaluated the effectiveness of electrofishing to sample the most important fish in the artisanal fishery in Petén, Petenia splendida, with September being the month with the highest capture per unit of effort. Lake Yaxhá assemblage was similar to the Usumacinta through a hierarchical cluster analysis, despite being located in the Mopan-Hondo basin. Lake Yaxhá is the only system in the area that does not have non-native fish species, emphasizing the importance of conservation of this lentic system in the Mayan Biosphere Reserve.
New and recent records of moth and butterfly species (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Praslin and Mahé Islands, Seychelles
Authors: Bolotov Ivan , Spitsyn Vitaly , Kolosova Yulia , Vlasova Alisa
Published: September 2015

We report recent records of 17 Lepidoptera species from 15 genera and 11 families, which were collected on the Inner Seychelles in January 2013. From Praslin Island, 11 species, including two Seychelles endemics, were recorded for the first time. These records have significantly expanded the list of the lepidopteran fauna of Praslin to 54 species. Four species were newly collected after a long-term (ca. 50 years) absence of their specimens in samples from the Seychelles archipelago. In addition, seven species were rediscovered from separate islands. Our findings highlight that there is some evidence of faunal exchange between the two largest islands of the granitic Seychelles and that the lepidopteran fauna of Praslin has been largely underestimated.
Custo direto da condução e documentação do processo de enfermagem
Authors: Lima Antônio Fernandes Costa , Ortiz Dóris Ribeiro
Published: September 2015

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o custo direto médio (CDM) das atividades realizadas por profissionais de enfermagem visando à condução e documentação do Processo de Enfermagem na Unidade de Clínica Médica de um hospital universitário. Método: foram observadas 1040 atividades e calculado o CDM multiplicando-se o tempo despendido pelos profissionais pelo custo unitário da mão de obra direta. Resultados: o CDM da admissão do paciente correspondeu a R$ 55,57 (DP ±19,44); dentre as atividades de seguimento dos pacientes a documentação do Histórico de Enfermagem representou o CDM mais impactante (R$ 17,70, DP=14,60); o CDM das anotações descritivas correspondeu a R$ 1,21 (DP=1,21) e o CDM da equipe de enfermagem para passagem de plantão foi de R$ 54,23 (DP=28,95). Conclusão: o estudo contribui para conferir visibilidade à atuação dos profissionais de enfermagem na condução do Processo de Enfermagem fornecendo elementos financeiros para argumentação consistente quanto aos recursos adequados à sua exequibilidade.
Avaliação do efeito antibacteriano de extratos de folhas de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas L. frente a bactérias de interesse em alimentos e correlação com os compostos fenólicos
Authors: José António Elísio , Carvalho Heloisa Helena Chaves , Wiest José Maria
Published: September 2015

RESUMOA batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas L.) é um vegetal muito cultivado nos países tropicais, usado na alimentação humana e na animal, sendo uma boa fonte de energia, sais minerais e vitaminas. Constitui, ainda, fonte de polifenóis antioxidativos, entre eles, antocianinas e ácidos fenólicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de diferentes extratos de folhas frescas de batata-doce, frente a bactérias de interesse alimentar, e correlacioná-la com os teores de polifenóis totais e de antocianinas. Foram avaliados teores de polifenóis totais e de antocianinas, bem como a atividade antibacteriana de extratos alcoólicos, de infusão e de decocção de folhas de dois acessos de batata-doce, em Porto Alegre, RS, frente a três agentes de interesse em alimentos e alimentação, quais sejam, inóculos padronizados de SalmonellaEnteritidis (ATCC 11076), Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923) e Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229). A avaliação da atividade antibacteriana, expressa em intensidade de atividade de inibição bacteriana (IINIB) e em intensidade de atividade de inativação bacteriana (IINAB), foi baseada em testes de diluição em sistema de tubos múltiplos; as antocianinas foram determinadas por meio de pH diferencial e os polifenóis pelo método de Folin & Ciocalteu. Os extratos alcoólicos inibiram e, ou, inativaram todos os inóculos testados, não obstante o Staphylococcus aureus ter sido significativamente mais resistente. Os extratos obtidos por decocção e infusão, além de apresentarem concentrações muito baixas de antocianinas e menores teores de polifenóis do que os seus correspondentes alcoólicos, não apresentaram atividade antibacteriana. A atividade antibacteriana dos extratos testados foi positivamente correlacionada com os compostos fenólicos e, ou, antocianinas.
Agronomic performance of common bean in straw mulch systems and topdressing nitrogen rates in no-tillage
Authors: Cunha Tatiana Pagan Loeiro da , Mingotte Fábio Luiz Checchio , Carmeis Filho Antonio Carlos de Almeida Carmeis , Chiamolera Fernando Marcelo , Lemos Leandro Borges , Fornasieri Filho Domingos
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn no-tillage systems, straw coverage on soil surface is the key to success, and the choice of crops for rotation is crucial to achieve the sustainability and quality that conservation agriculture requires. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of the common bean cultivar IAC Formoso sown in succession to three straw mulch systems (corn alone, corn/Urochloa ruziziensisintercrop and U. ruziziensisalone) and topdress nitrogen rates (0; 40; 80; 120 and 160 kg ha-1N), at the four-leaf stage, three years after the implementation of no-tillage. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block split plot design, with three replications. Common bean highest yields were achieved in succession to U. ruziziensisalone and intercropped with corn. The corn/U. ruziziensisintercrop provided both straw and seed production, allowing for quality no-tillage. Topdressed nitrogen influenced the common bean yield when in succession to corn alone, U. ruziziensisalone and corn/U. ruziziensisintercrop in no-tillage.
ALTERAÇÕES FÍSICAS DE UM CAMBISSOLO CULTIVADO COM BANANEIRA IRRIGADA NA CHAPADA DO APODI, CEARÁ
Authors: Mota Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato , Alencar Thiago Leite de , Assis Júnior Raimundo Nonato de
Published: September 2015

Os atributos do solo tornam-se indicadores de qualidade na medida em que passam a ser utilizados para monitorar mudanças do solo no decorrer do tempo. Considerando a hipótese de que os solos da Chapada do Apodi sofreram alterações em sua qualidade física pelo uso, e que os sistemas de manejo conduzem a um novo estado de equilíbrio de seus atributos, esta pesquisa objetivou aferir o grau dessas alterações para certificar se o uso está levando ou não o solo a um processo de degradação física. Um Cambissolo sob cultivo com bananeira e sob mata nativa secundária foi avaliado desde a superfície até 0,3 m de profundidade, em três camadas de 0,1 m, quanto aos seguintes aspectos: granulometria, argila dispersa em água, grau de floculação, matéria orgânica, densidade das partículas, densidade do solo, estabilidade de agregados e resistência à penetração. Concluiu-se que os índices utilizados para a avaliação evidenciam que a qualidade dos atributos do solo sob cultivo está mantida em comparação à situação de mata nativa secundária. Embora não tenha sido observada diferença significativa entre os atributos avaliados pela estatística univariada nas situações de uso e manejo do solo, a análise de agrupamento foi eficiente para a distinção das situações de solo em três grupos a partir das variáveis analisadas.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS E QUÍMICOS DOS SOLOS E A PRODUTIVIDADE DE CAPIM DOURADO NA REGIÃO DO JALAPÃO, TO
Authors: Santana Helena Maria de Paula , Sano Edson Eyji , Oliveira Júnior Manuel Pereira de , Lacerda Marilusa Pinto Coelho , Malaquias Juaci Vitoria
Published: September 2015

Na região do Jalapão, no Estado do Tocantins, existem grandes áreas contínuas de Neossolos Quartzarênicos, com desenvolvimento do capim dourado (Syngonanthus nitens),espécie nativa utilizada na confecção de artesanatos nessa região, possuindo destacada importância na economia local. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre os atributos físicos e químicos dos solos e a produtividade de capim dourado nos Campos Limpos Úmidos associados às Veredas no Parque Estadual do Jalapão. Foram coletadas amostras de solo e escapos de capim dourado e realizadas medições de declividade do terreno ao longo de caminhamento ou transeções perpendiculares às linhas de drenagem das Veredas selecionadas para o estudo. Foram identificados três tipos principais de solos ao longo das transeções: Neossolo Quartzarênico órtico típico, Neossolo Quartzarênico hidromórfico típico e Organossolo Háplico fíbrico típico. A produtividade de capim dourado foi analisada por meio de modelos de regressão múltipla, envolvendo 26 variáveis dos solos. Em razão da significância, o modelo final ficou constituído por seis dessas variáveis: pH, Mg2+, Ca2+, areia fina, argila e umidade do solo. O modelo de regressão quadrática múltipla envolvendo essas seis variáveis contemplou R2 de 0,85 e R2 ajustado de 0,81 da relação avaliada, onde a umidade dos solos foi a variável mais importante.