bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balloon-in-Stent Technique for the Constructive Endovascular Treatment of “Ultra-Wide Necked” Circumferential Aneurysms
Authors: Fiorella David , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Masaryk Thomas J. , Rasmussen Peter A. , McDougall Cameron G.
Published: December 2005

INTRODUCTION:

Circumferential aneurysms, which incorporate >180 degrees of the circumference of the parent vessel, present a unique therapeutic challenge, particularly in circumstances in which a deconstructive treatment strategy is not feasible. We detail a novel technique for endovascular parent vessel reconstruction with aneurysm embolization.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective review of the prospectively maintained databases of our two institutions to identify cases in which a balloon-in-stent technique had been used to treat circumferential aneurysms. During the first stage of this technique, a stent (Neuroform [Boston Scientific, Natick, MA], Multilink Vision [Guidant, Indianapolis, IN], or Bx Velocity [Cordis, New Brunswick, NJ]) is placed across the neck of the aneurysm to achieve parent vessel reconstruction. During the second stage, aneurysm coil embolization is performed with a compliant temporary occlusion balloon (Sentry [Boston Scientific, Natick, MA] or Hyperglide [Microtherapeutics, Irvine, CA]) placed within the stent to unambiguously demarcate and protect the parent vessel. In some cases, during the course of the embolization, coils project over and obscure the parent vessel in both working views. Before each coil detachment, the protection balloon is deflated under blank fluoroscopic roadmap visualization. The absence of shifting of any portion of the coil mass during balloon deflation indicates that the introduced coil is external to the stent-reconstructed parent vessel (i.e., within the aneurysm) and can be detached. This process is repeated until satisfactory aneurysm embolization is achieved. After embolization, the balloon catheter may be exchanged for a stent delivery system to facilitate the placement of a second stent.

RESULTS:

Seven patients underwent balloon-in-stent-assisted embolization over a 15-month period. Three were performed for internal carotid aneurysms, three for basilar trunk or basilar apex aneurysms, and one for a dissecting/fusiform V4 segment vertebral artery aneurysm. In three cases, the presence of the inflated balloon facilitated the manipulation of the image intensifier into a position which produced a “down-the-barrel” view of the parent vessel. In the four additional cases, for anatomic reasons, this view could not be achieved and coil mass projected over the reconstructed parent vessel in both views. Partial aneurysm occlusion (75–90%), was achieved in five cases, and near complete (>95%) occlusion was achieved in two cases. Complications included two significant retroperitoneal hematomas and two brainstem infarcts, both of which resulted in hemisensory symptoms.

CONCLUSION:

The balloon-in-stent technique provides a practical and safe treatment strategy for the management of circumferential aneurysms that are not amenable to deconstructive embolization.
The Management of Patients with Intradural Post-Traumatic Mass Lesions: A Multicenter Survey of Current Approaches to Surgical Management in 729 Patients Coordinated by the European Brain Injury Consortium
Authors: Compagnone Christian , Murray Gordon D. , Teasdale Graham M. , Maas Andrew I.R. , Esposito Domenico , Princi Pietro , D'Avella Domenico , Servadei Franco
Published: December 2005

OBJECTIVE:

Controversy exists about the indications and timing for surgery in head injured patients with an intradural mass lesion. The aim of this study was to survey contemporary approaches to the treatment of head injured patients with an intradural lesion, placing a particular focus on the utilization of decompressive craniectomy.

METHODS:

A prospective international survey was conducted over a 3-month period in 67 centers from 24 countries on the neurosurgical management of head injured patients with an intradural mass lesion and/or radiological signs of raised intracranial pressure. Information was obtained about demographic, clinical, and radiological features; surgical management, and mortality at discharge.

RESULTS:

Over the period of the study, data were collected about 729 patients consecutively admitted to one of the participating centers. The survey included 397 patients with a severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] 3–8), 155 with a moderate head injury (GCS 9–12) and 143 patients with a mild head injury (GCS 13–15). An operation was performed on 502 patients (69%). Emergency surgery (<24 h) was most frequently performed for patients with an extracerebral mass lesions (subdural hematomas) whereas delayed surgery was most frequently performed for an intracerebral hematoma or contusion. Decompressive craniectomy was performed in a substantial number of patients, either during an emergency procedure (n = 134, 33%) or a delayed procedure (n = 47, 31%). The decompressive procedure was nearly always combined with evacuation of a mass lesion. The size of the decompression was however considered too small in 25% of cases.

CONCLUSION:

The results provide a contemporary picture of neurosurgical surgical approaches to the management of head injured patients with an intradural mass lesion and/or signs of raised intracranial pressure in some Neurosurgical Units across the world. The relative benefits of early versus delayed surgery in patients with intraparenchymal lesions and on the indications, technique and benefits of decompressive craniectomy could be topics for future head injury research.
Isolated Abducent Nerve Palsy after Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia: Case Report
Authors: Choudhari Kishor A.
Published: December 2005

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:

Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a safe and effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. Isolated postoperative ipsilateral abducent nerve palsy is an extremely rare complication of this procedure and has not been reported before. The author wishes to report this rare complication, discuss its aetio-pathogenesis and the natural course.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

A 57-year-old man underwent MVD for right sided medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia based on the MRI finding of ectatic basilar artery compression at its root entry zone. The procedure was uneventful with complete relief of pain. However, he developed isolated ipsilateral sixth nerve palsy following surgery that lasted for six weeks.

INTERVENTION:

Anterior displacement of tortuous and dilated basilar artery to create space between the artery and the nerve during MVD operation probably resulted in inadvertent neuropraxia to the abducent nerve that was located immediately anterior to the artery but was not in the surgical field. Immediate sixth nerve palsy resulted post-operatively. A conservative route was adopted with spontaneous improvement of the extraocular eye movements after six weeks.

CONCLUSION:

Isolated abducent nerve damage is a rare complication of the MVD procedure. Surgical manipulation of the dilated and tortuous vessels located anterior to the trigeminal nerve may cause indirect stretching of the delicate abducent nerve with resultant neuropraxia. This complication is difficult to recognize and prevent intra-operatively as the nerve lies on the far side of the artery. Fortunately, spontaneous recovery of the neural function seems to be the most likely outcome.
Fracture of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Hardware as a Result of Compulsive Manipulation: Case Report
Authors: Machado Andre G. , Hiremath Girish K. , Salazar Fortino , Rezai Ali R.
Published: December 2005

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:

Trichotillomania (TTM) is an impulse control disorder characterized by the recurrent pulling of one's hair resulting in noticeable hair loss. There has been no definite association drawn between Parkinson's disease (PD) and TTM, although there is a suggestion that obsessive-compulsive symptomatology may be more prevalent in left-side predominant PD. We believe that it is important to be aware of psychiatric comorbidities in the surgical treatment of PD, as they may significantly impact the postoperative course.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

We describe the case of a 58-year-old woman with an eleven-year history of left-side predominant PD who also suffered from TTM. She underwent subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) and subsequently developed significant wound complications of her left-sided deep brain stimulation leads. It was noted during the postoperative period that the patient was picking her left-sided, but not right-sided, incision—a behavior that was felt to be a part of this patient's impulse control disorder.

INTERVENTION:

Multiple wound revisions and eventual replacement of her left-sided deep brain stimulation lead was performed as a result of hardware malfunction secondary to wound manipulation by the patient.

CONCLUSION:

Before surgery, this patient's TTM was right-sided, but after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation, her wound picking was only left-sided. This case suggests that subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation may have a role in unleashing the symptomatology of TTM through an as yet poorly understood mechanism. Furthermore, there is also an implication that the pathophysiology of PD and TTM may be intertwined.
Syringobulbia in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Greenlee Jeremy D.W. , Menezes Arnold H. , Bertoglio Bryan A. , Donovan Kathleen A.
Published: December 2005

OBJECTIVE:

To better understand the presentation, management, and outcome of syringobulbia in the pediatric age group.

METHODS:

The University of Iowa pediatric neurosurgery database was searched for patients under the age of 18 with a diagnosis of syringobulbia. The patients' records were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data, chief complaint and presenting symptoms, neurological and radiographic findings, treatment, outcome, and complications. Children with open neural tube defects and Chiari II malformations were excluded.

RESULTS:

Six pediatric patients were identified as meeting inclusion criteria. The average age at time of surgery was 14.8 years. The chief complaints were vision impairment in three children and numbness, gait instability, and headache worsened with Valsalva in one patient each. Other prominent symptoms included sleep apnea and weakness. All patients showed at least one cranial nerve dysfunction. Radiographs revealed hindbrain herniation and associated syringomyelia in all cases. Two patients had scoliosis. Treatment was posterior fossa decompression with cerebellar tonsillar shrinkage, opening of foramen of Magendie, and duraplasty. Two patients also required concomitant ventral decompression. The cavity of syringobulbia communicated with syringomyelia and the fourth ventricle in most children but was distinct from the fourth ventricle. Two patients received fourth ventricle to subarachnoid shunts. Follow-up averaged 3.2 years, and all patients clinically improved after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging documented resolution of syringobulbia in all cases, with syringomyelia improving in all cases. There was no permanent morbidity or mortality in the series.

CONCLUSION:

Syringobulbia is strongly associated with Chiari malformation and syringomyelia, and patients often present because of cranial nerve palsies. Posterior fossa decompression is a safe and effective treatment.
Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Polythiophene with Polystyrene Branches Using ATRP
Authors: Shen Jie , Ogino Kenji
Published: December 2005

The graft copolymer containing a polythiophene (PT) backbone and polystyrene branches with superior solubility and processability was obtained by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene from the initiating sites on the PT backbone. The grafted PS branches could separate the PT chains and form a PS matrix for effectively trapping the PT in a solution conformation, which was advantageous to the improvement of fluorescent efficiency in the solid state.
Remote Photocatalytic Oxidation Mediated by Active Oxygen Species Penetrating and Diffusing through Polymer Membrane over Surface Fluorinated TiO2
Authors: Park Jong Sung , Choi Wonyong
Published: December 2005

Active oxygen species desorbed from the illuminated TiO2 surface can penetrate through organic polymer membrane with degrading dye substrates loaded within the pores, and their permeating action into the membrane was dramatically enhanced with surface fluorinated TiO2.
Novel Observation of Nucleation and Growth of Insulin Crystals via Liquid Droplets Generated by Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation
Authors: Waizumi Kenji , Eguchi Tatsuo
Published: December 2005

Formation behavior of liquid droplets in aqueous solutions of insulin was studied by varying pH values and Zn2+ concentrations of the mother solutions. The nucleation and growth of insulin crystals that preferentially occurred on the droplet surface were first observed.
Dehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene with Carbon Dioxide as Oxidant over Mg-modified Alumina-supported V–Sb Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Hong Do-Young , Chang Jong-San , Vislovskiy Vladislav P , Park Sang-Eon , Park Yeung-Ho , Yoo Jin S
Published: December 2005

Modification of alumina support with an appropriate amount of magnesia (Mg/Al = 0.1) leads to the stable activity of the supported vanadium–antimony oxide catalyst for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene into styrene in the presence of carbon dioxide as oxidant. Correlation between catalytic performance and surface acidity has been found.
Formation of One-dimensional Crooked Gold Nanocrystals by Electrochemical Technique with Surfactant Solution
Authors: Huang Chien-Jung , Wang Yeong-Her , Chiu Pin-Hsiang , Lin Jing-Jenn
Published: December 2005

This study demonstrates the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) crooked gold (Au) nanocrystals by an electrochemical method with surfactant. For example, the primary surfactant may be cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and the auxiliary surfactant may be tetradodecylammonium bromide (TTAB) with isopropanol (IPA) solvent. The formation of crooked Au nanocrystals was induced by aggregation of many small Au nuclei between the several large Au nanoparticles during growth, causing the small Au nuclei to link to the large Au nanoparticles forming crooked Au nanocrystals.
Hydrogen Adsortion in Periodic Mesoporous Organic– and Inorganic–Silica Materials at Room Temperature
Authors: Jung Jong Hwa , Han Won Seok , Rim Jeong Ah , Lee Soo Jin , Cho Sung June , Kim Se Yun , Kang Jeung Ku , Shinkai Seiji
Published: December 2005

The capacities of hydrogen storage at room temperature under moderate presure amounted to 0.9 and 0.4 wt %, for periodic mesoporous organic– and inorganic–silica materials, respectively.
New Class of Catalysts for the Ammoxidation of Propane to Acrylonitrile over Nickel–Molybdenum Mixed Nitrides
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Zhao Zhen , Xu Chunming , Duan Aijun
Published: December 2005

Nickel–molybdenum mixed nitride catalysts were first reported for the ammoxidation of propane to acrylonitrile. It was found that the mixed nitrides exhibited high activity and selectivity to acrylonitrile. The mixed nitride catalyst with 1.0 of Ni/Mo atomic ratios showed the best catalytic properties for propane ammoxidation. The highest yield of acrylonitrile was 28.5% at the propane conversion of 68.4% at 773 K.
Photoisomerization-induced Change in the Size of Ferrocenylazobenzene-attached Dendrimers
Authors: Daniel Marie-Christine , Sakamoto Aiko , Ruiz Jaime , Astruc Didier , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: December 2005

A family of 3-ferrocenylazobenzene-attached dendrimers, 9mer, 27mer, and 81mer, which is the first series of redox-active photochromic dendrimers exhibit photochromism responding to three different light sources, i.e., 365, 436, and 546 nm lights. Decreases in the size of the dendrimers induced by trans-to-cis photoisomerization appeared and became more significant with increases in the size of the dendrimers up to 81mer. Electrochemical treatment of the 81mer provided a photo-sensitive and redox-active dendrimer film-coated electrode.
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic Acid Deposited from Solution onto Native Oxide Surfaces of Al Films Characterized by Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Higo Morihide , Miake Takeshi , Mitsushio Masaru , Yoshidome Toshifumi , Ozono Yoshihisa
Published: December 2005

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (AQ-2-COOH) deposited from acetone solutions onto native oxide surfaces of Al films was characterized by inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These surface analyses show that AQ-2-COOH is adsorbed on the oxide as both a uniform film of anions on a nanometer scale and micron-sized particles of neutral molecules.
Synthesis of Ni–Cu Particles by Hydrogen Reduction in Hot-compressed Water
Authors: Sue Kiwamu , Tanaka Satoshi , Hiaki Toshihiko
Published: December 2005

Synthesis of Cu and Ni–Cu particles from their aqueous formate solution by hydrogen reduction in hot-compressed water was carried out at 673 K with a titanium alloy autoclave. Hydrogen was produced by thermal decomposition of the formates. Metal particles having an average size of around 500 nm were produced without any additives. Ni–Cu metal alloy particles having different compositions were obtained by changing Cu/Ni molar ratio in starting solutions.
Photoinduced Orientation in Photo-cross-linkable Liquid Crystalline Polymer Film Containing Tolane Moiety
Authors: Kawatsuki Nobuhiro , Fujii Yasuhito , Kitamura Chitoshi , Yoneda Akio
Published: December 2005

Photoinduced orientation of a new photo-cross-linkable liquid crystalline polymer film comprising a 4-methoxycinnamoyloxy group connected with a tolane moiety (PMCT6M) is presented. High molecular reorientation order with a birefringence value of 0.27 is achieved by exposing the film to linearly polarized ultraviolet light and subsequent annealing. The required degree of the photoreaction for the effective reorientation is 2–5 mol %. Small amount of photo-cross-linked mesogenic groups controls the thermal enhancement of the molecular reorientation.
Synthesis and Inclusion Properties of 6,6′-Bi(benzo[b]fluoren-5-ol) Derivative by Cycloaromatization
Authors: Kawano Tomikazu , Suehiro Masako , Ueda Ikuo
Published: December 2005

Aromatic non-conjugated tetraynes underwent step-by-step cycloaromatization to yield 6,6′-bi(benzo[b]fluoren-5-ol) derivative 1 via benzo[b]fluoren-5-ol derivatives. Treatment of compound 1 with a kind of organic guest compounds afforded crystalline inclusion compounds (clathrates).
Evaluation of Low Levels of Salinity on Hematological Parameters and Health Status of Channel Catfish Reared in Multiple-Crop Ponds
Authors: O'Neal Clifford C. , Hawke John P. , Weirich Charles R.
Published: December 2005

A 1-year study was conducted from February 1999 to January 2000 to determine the effects of low levels of salinity on selected hematological parameters (total protein, hematocrit, leukocrit, and osmolality) and the health of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus reared in ponds managed under the multiple cropping production strategy. We stocked 2,000 catfish into 15 ponds (0.08 ha each) that we subdivided into five replicate ponds per each of three NaCl (salinity) treatments: freshwater conditions (nominal salinity = 0 g/L of water) or adjusted salinities of 1.5 or 3 g/L. Total protein, hematocrit, and plasma osmolality for fish reared at the NaCl-induced salinities were significantly higher than those for fish cultured in freshwater. Although the leukocrit of fish reared at a salinity of 3 g/L was significantly higher than that of fish reared in freshwater or at 1.5 g/L, all were within the normal ranges reported for channel catfish. Although two bacterial diseases known to routinely affect channel catfish (enteric septicemia of catfish and motile aeromonad septicemia) were observed at all salinity levels tested, columnaris disease was not observed during the study. Parasitic infections during certain months were less severe for fish reared in saline ponds than in freshwater. The results indicate that the hematological variables measured in this study were higher at increased salinities but within the ranges reported as normal for channel catfish.
Victimization of the Elderly Homeless
Authors: Dietz Tracy , Wright James D.
Published: December 2005

Using data from the National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients (NSHAPC), this article examines the applicability of Felson’s Routine Activities Theory to a national probability sample of older homeless individuals. Results indicate that the relative protection that women often have from most crimes is not transferred to the older homeless woman who is more likely than her male counterparts to be the victim of sexual assault but equally as likely to be the victim of theft and physical assault. Likewise, the protection often noted afforded by age against victimization is also not seen among the homeless. The research demonstrates that being male and having mental and physical health problems as well as substance abuse problems increases the likelihood of victimizations among the homeless population, in general. When predictors of victimization were considered for the 50 and older sample, these predictors remained the same except that the gender remained significant only for sexual assault. These findings are consistent with and supportive of utilizing Felson’s Routine Activities Theory to understand and explain victimization among the older homeless population.
More Care at Home: The Challenge of Creating Viable Community Alternatives to Nursing Home Care
Authors: Hokenstad Alene
Published: December 2005

Creating a national long-term care (LTC) delivery “infrastructure”—one that would make home-based care more accessible to people with extensive needs—will be a major undertaking. It will require new service organizations that have the authority to provide and coordinate an appropriate array of services. Medicaid Managed Long-Term Care (MLTC) and the Programs of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) offer two promising examples of what the service organizations of the future might look like. The history of how these plans developed illuminates challenges that others will encounter. Further expansion of these types of organizations requires resolution of resource, staffing, and operational issues.
In My Veins
Authors: Moody William
Published: February 2024

In this narrative medicine essay, an oncology lecture conjures a medical student's lived experience of diagnosis and treatment, which separates him from his classmates whose understanding of the disease remains abstract.
AIFARMS: Artificial intelligence for future agricultural resilience, management, and sustainability
Authors: Adve Vikram S. , Wedow Jessica M. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. , Chowdhary Girish , Green‐Miller Angela , Tucker Christina
Published: February 2024

The AIFARMS Artificial Intelligence for Future Agricultural Resilience, Management, and Sustainability national AI institute brings together over 40 world‐class AI and agriculture researchers, with the common mission to develop foundational advances in AI and use them to ensure that future agriculture is environmentally friendly, sustainable, affordable, and accessible to diverse farming communities. Since its establishment in 2020, AIFARMS has advanced the state of the art in autonomous farming, cover crop planting, machine learning for improved outcomes from remote sensing, dynamic estimation of yield loss from weeds, and livestock management. The institute has prioritized the creation and utilization of high‐quality, openly available data sets for advancing foundational AI and tackling agricultural challenges. AIFARMS leverages a close partnership between UIUC and Tuskegee University to build programming for a skilled and diverse next‐generation workforce in digital agriculture. We are expanding the reach of AIFARMS outside of the current partners to collaborate with national AI institutions and international partners.
AI‐CARING: National AI Institute for Collaborative Assistance and Responsive Interaction for Networked Groups
Authors: Chernova Sonia , Mynatt Elizabeth , Rozga Agata , Simmons Reid , Yanco Holly
Published: February 2024

Over 13 million Americans aged 65 and older are currently living with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a common precursor to dementia. These individuals largely rely on a network of informal caregivers—family, friends, and community members—who work together with professional healthcare and social service providers to provide care and support in home settings. The AI‐CARING Institute contributes foundational AI research focused on developing personalized collaborative AI systems that improve the quality of life and independence of aging adults living at home.
The AIFS Institute: Building a better food system through AI
Authors: Tagkopoulos Ilias , Earles Mason J. , Lemay Danielle G. , Liu Xin , Nitin Nitin , Smith Aaron D. , Zohdi Tarek I. , Brown Stephen F.
Published: February 2024

Our food system is complex, multifaceted, and in need of an upgrade. Population growth, climate change, and socioeconomic disparities are some of the challenges that create a systemic threat to its sustainability and capacity to address the needs of an evolving planet. The mission of the AI Institute of Next Generation Food Systems (AIFS) is to leverage the latest advances in AI to help create a more sustainable, efficient, nutritious, safe, and resilient food system. Instead of using AI in isolation, AIFS views it as the connective tissue that can bring together interconnected solutions from farm to fork. From guiding molecular breeding and building autonomous robots for precision agriculture, to predicting pathogen outbreaks and recommending personalized diets, AIFS projects aspire to pave the way for infrastructure and systems that empower practitioners to build the food system of the next generation. Workforce education, outreach, and ethical considerations related to the emergence of AI solutions in this sector are an integral part of AIFS with several collaborative activities aiming to foster an open dialogue and bringing closer students, trainees, teachers, producers, farmers, workers, policy makers, and other professionals.
Research: ADHD stimulants safe during pregnancy
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2024

A recent study has found that mothers who used stimulant medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during pregnancy did not increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in their children. The cohort study included health care utilization data from publicly insured and commercially insured pregnant individuals aged 12 to 55 years in the United States with enrollment from three months prior to pregnancy through one month after delivery, linked to children. Children were monitored from birth until outcome diagnosis, disenrollment, death or the end of the study.
A Design Strategy for Removing the Debinding and Sintering Gas in Additive Manufactured Samples of a Bronze/Polylactic Acid Filament
Authors: Cucinotta Filippo , Di Bella Guido , Raffaele Marcello , Salmeri Fabio
Published: February 2024

To lower the cost of additive manufacturing of metallic components, the goal of this work is to investigate and optimize a multi‐step process by material extrusion (MEX) of a polylactide filament loaded with bronze to remove the gas produced during the debinding and sintering steps. First, by adjusting the infill (10%, 50%, and 100%), and then by designing and constructing internal passages to aid in the expulsion of gases that occur during the debinding, a calibration cube is created. Additionally, the impact of the cooling period during the debinding is examined. To assess how the technique changes shape, sizes, and internal structure, all the samples are ultimately weighed, scanned, and cut. In order to reduce deformation occurred during the debinding and sintering gases, a new design method has been developed. The method consists of the generation of internal channels which connect the voids of the infill and allow gases to flow out through a central channel. As seen, samples with ejection channels and an intermediate infill (i.e., 50%) both exhibit better attributes.
Ion and Water Transport in 2D Nanofluidic Channels
Authors: Yu Xin , Ren Wencai
Published: February 2024

Two‐dimensional (2D) lamellar membranes, featuring organized nanochannels, tunable interlayer spacing, and modifiable chemical properties, are emerging as promising candidates for both theoretical research and practical applications. Rational design and regulation of the physical/chemical properties of the nanofluidic channels as well as manipulation of external factors are crucial to achieve desirable performance for the applications related to mass transport. Focusing on the recent advances in ion and water transport within 2D nanofluidic channels, this work gives a brief overview of the fabrication of 2D lamellar membranes based on the strategy of exfoliation and reconstruction. Then the transport phenomena within 2D nanofluidic channels along with the mechanisms and influential factors are highlighted. The representative applications of 2D lamellar membranes are also covered, especially in the areas of osmotic energy conversion, water purification and desalination, as well as single‐ion separation and extraction. It is concluded with a discussion of the current challenges and future perspectives in this potential field.
Multimodal 5‐DOF Stretchable Electromagnetic Actuators toward Haptic Information Delivery
Authors: Chen Si , Yu Li , Shen Weijun , Fong Brian , Li Yizong , Dong Penghao , Qin Hantang , Yao Shanshan
Published: February 2024

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, particularly in the domains of robotics, prosthetics, and virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR), have driven an escalating demand for intuitive and effective human–machine interactions. Consequently, haptic devices, being electronic displays for the sense of touch, have drawn increasing attention. More efforts are in demand to develop stretchable and lightweight haptic devices that can trigger multiple mechanical cutaneous receptors using a single device. This work presents a new 3‐modal 5‐DOF stretchable haptic interface that is enabled by electromagnetic actuators and high‐fidelity multi‐layer metal printing. The haptic device renders rich haptic sensations (i.e., normal force, vibration, angular force, skin dragging) in one device, allowing for the comprehensive delivery of tactile information through the excitation of multiple cutaneous receptors. Additionally, haptic devices are designed to be compact, lightweight, and skin‐compatible. The skin‐like softness and stretchability enable intimate skin contact, which is crucial for efficient haptic information delivery. This feature prevents the impediment to natural movements of the skin and ensures the functional integrity of the device during daily deformations of the skin. Finally, three proof‐of‐concept demonstrations illustrate the potential of the reported multimodal haptic devices for advanced haptic interactions across various domains.
Microstructuring of Thermoresponsive Biofunctional Hydrogels by Multiphoton Photocrosslinking
Authors: Morozov Yevhenii M. , Wiesner (née Diehl) Fiona , Grün Jonas J. , Pertiller Matthias , Fossati Stefan , Schmidt Katharina , Quilis Nestor Gisbert , Gusenbauer Claudia , Zbiral Barbara , Toca‐Herrera Jose Luis , Klees Sven , Thiagarajan Clinton Richard Victor , Jonas Ulrich , Dostalek Jakub
Published: February 2024

A pioneering method is reported for creating thermoresponsive biofunctional hydrogel microstructures using maskless multiphoton lithography. Departing from conventional multiphoton‐triggered polymerization‐based techniques, this approach relies on simultaneous photocrosslinking and attachment of already pre‐synthesized polymer chains onto solid substrates. The method allows improving control over polymer network characteristics and enables facile integration of additional functionalities through postmodification with biomolecules at specific sites. Exploring two distinct benzophenone‐ and anthraquinone‐based photocrosslinkers incorporated into specially designed poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide)‐based co‐ and terpolymers, the photocrosslinking efficacy is scrutinized with the use of a custom femtosecond near‐infrared laser lithographer. Comprehensive characterization via surface plasmon resonance imaging, atomic force microscopy, and optical fluorescence microscopy reveals swelling behavior and demonstrates postmodification feasibility. Notably, within a specific range of multiphoton photocrosslinking parameters, the surface‐attached microstructures exhibit a quasiperiodic topography akin to wrinkle‐pattern formation. Leveraging the capabilities of established multiphoton lithographer systems that offer fast pattern writing with high resolution, this approach holds great promise for the versatile fabrication of multifunctional 3D micro‐ and nanostructures. Such tailored responsive biofunctional materials with spatial control over composition, swelling behavior, and postmodification are particularly attractive in the areas of bioanalytical and biomedical technologies.
Customized Intranasal Hydrogel Delivering Methylene Blue Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction against Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Liu Yujing , Tan Yun , Cheng Guopan , Ni Yaqiong , Xie Aihua , Zhu Xiaozhen , Yin Chao , Zhang Yi , Chen Tongkai
Published: February 2024

The accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates is a key pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and induces mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species overproduction. However, the treatment of AD remains challenging owning to the hindrance caused by the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the complex pathology of AD. Nasal delivery represents an effective means of circumventing the BBB and delivering drugs to the brain. In this study, black phosphorus (BP) is used as a drug carrier, as well as an antioxidant, and loaded with a tau aggregation inhibitor, methylene blue (MB), to obtain BP‐MB. For intranasal (IN) delivery, a thermosensitive hydrogel is fabricated by cross‐linking carboxymethyl chitosan and aldehyde Pluronic F127 (F127‐CHO) micelles. The BP‐MB nanocomposite is incorporated into the hydrogel to obtain BP‐MB@Gel. BP‐MB@Gel could be injected intranasally, providing high nasal mucosal retention and controlled drug release. After IN administration, BP‐MB is continuously released and delivered to the brain, exerting synergistic therapeutic effects by suppressing tau neuropathology, restoring mitochondrial function, and alleviating neuroinflammation, thus inducing cognitive improvements in mouse models of AD. These findings highlight a potential strategy for brain‐targeted drug delivery in the management of the complex pathologies of AD.
Improving Process Compatibility of Multilayer Organic Fiber Photodetectors by Combining Coaxial Thermal Evaporation with Dip‐Coating
Authors: Wu Jiaao , Li Yi , Wu Xueyuan , Zhang Xiaoran , Liu Qingxia , Qu Shuai , Yuan Liu , Wang Yang
Published: February 2024

Fiber photodetectors (FPDs) are promising candidates for wearable applications due to their flexibility, knittability, and full‐angle detection. The current state‐of‐the‐art FPDs based on inorganic photosensitive materials show drawbacks in mechanical flexibility. The organic FPDs (OFPDs) are superior, while the fabrication is limited by multi‐layer process compatibility issues. Herein, a diode‐type five‐layer OFPD with Zn/ZnO/PBDB‐T:ITIC‐Th/MoO3/PEDOT:PSS structure is prepared by combining thermal evaporation with a successive dip‐coating method. It is worth mentioning that the uniform coaxial MoO3 interfacial layer is processed by the proposed fiber‐compatible thermal evaporation technique, while the other functional layers are enabled by the solution‐based dip‐coating method. At the bias of −0.5 V, the optimized OFPD exhibits a dark current density of 8.46 × 10−8 A cm−2, a responsivity of 86.4 mA W−1 (@ 760 nm), and a specific detectivity of over 1011 Jones in the visible range of 400–760 nm. Besides, the device displays a fast response speed of 0.44 and 0.14 ms for rise and fall time, showing the capability of full‐angle detection. The device is demonstrated in photoplethysmography for real‐time heart‐rate monitoring, suggesting its potential for practical application in wearable electronics.
Recent Progress on Barium Titanate‐Based Ferroelectrics for Sensor Applications
Authors: Deng Caozhuang , Zhang Yi , Yang Dan , Zhang Haizhong , Zhu Minmin
Published: February 2024

Sensors, functioning as primary conveyors of perceptual data, stand ready to illuminate the landscape of the intelligent era. Barium titanate, an exceedingly pivotal class of ferroelectric materials for sensor applications, has attracted considerable attention from both commercial and industrial sectors in recent years. Against this backdrop, this paper embarks on a comprehensive examination of sensors founded upon barium titanate across a spectrum of applications. Our investigation commences with a historical analysis of ferroelectric materials, with a specific emphasis on the developmental trajectory of barium titanate. Subsequently, an in‐depth exposition elucidates the attributes and manufacturing processes linked to barium titanate materials, providing readers with insight into the structural and manufacturing aspects of these materials. Ultimately, we introduce a diverse array of sensors tailored to distinct functions within a myriad of domains.
Multi‐Channel Wireless Communication Based on Amplitude‐Phase Reconfigurable Space‐Coding Beamforming Metasurface
Authors: Xiong Qi , Zhang Zuojun , Ma Xiaoliang , Huang Cheng , Pu Mingbo , Luo Jun , Guo Yinghui , Wang Yanxun , Bai WenLin , Ye Jia , Yan Lianshan , Luo Xiangang
Published: February 2024

Reconfigurable metasurfaces have exhibited significant potential in wireless communication owing to their capacity to transmit information without relying on traditional complex radio frequency (RF) chain transmitters. Nonetheless, the majority of metasurface‐based wireless communication systems modulate signals only in the time domain. Here, an amplitude‐phase reconfigurable metasurface is proposed to establish a wireless communication system that can simultaneously transmit different messages to users by encoding digital signals within the spatial domain. By changing the bias voltages of varactors integrated in the meta‐atom, the reconfigurable metasurface can achieve independent 3‐bit phase and 1‐bit amplitude coding. Through a beamforming methodology, the proposed metasurface generates diverse scattering beams with suppressed sidelobe levels, which not only enables multiple channels through space coding but also reduces signal leakage in undesired directions. Numerical simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the beamforming scheme, and a dual‐channel wireless communication system is established. The results show that two distinct images can be simultaneously retrieved by two separate users, which demonstrates the dual‐channel transmission capability of the wireless communication system. The proposed strategy opens up an avenue for implementing multi‐channel wireless communication systems, which indicates its great potential in multiple‐user collaborative wireless communication and radar systems.
Phase‐Transfer Catalysis for Electrochemical Chlorination and Nitration of Arenes
Authors: Duan Yingdong , Luo Sanzhong
Published: February 2024

A biphasic anodic oxidation method for aromatic halogenation process was developed, where aqueous metal salts were directly used as halogen source. Ammonium salts serve as both electrolytes and phase transfer catalysis to facilitate anion transport and oxidative transformation. This design allows for chlorination or nitration of multiple types of arenes using NaCl or KNO2.
Directing the Encapsulation of Single Cells with DNA Framework Nucleator‐Based Hydrogel Growth
Authors: Wei Yuhan , Feng Yueyue , Wang Kaizhe , Wei Yuhui , Li Qian , Zuo Xiaolei , Li Bin , Li Jiang , Wang Lihua , Fan Chunhai , Zhu Ying
Published: February 2024

Encapsulating individual mammalian cells with biomimetic materials holds potential in ex vivo cell culture and engineering. However, current methodologies often present tradeoffs between homogeneity, stability, and cell compatibility. Here, inspired by bacteria that use proteins stably anchored on their outer membranes to nucleate biofilm growth, we develop a single‐cell encapsulation strategy by using a DNA framework structure as a nucleator (DFN) to initiate the growth of DNA hydrogels under cell‐friendly conditions. We find that among the tested structures, the tetrahedral DFN can evenly and stably reside on cell membranes, effectively initiating hybridization chain reactions which generate homogeneously dense yet flexible single‐cell encapsulation for diverse cell lines. The encapsulation persists for up to 72 hours in a serum‐containing cell culture environment, representing a ~70‐fold improvement compared to encapsulations mediated by single‐stranded DNA nucleators. The metabolism and proliferation of the encapsulated cells are suppressed, but can be restored to the original efficiencies upon release, suggesting the superior cell compatibility of the encapsulation. We also find that compared to naked cells, the encapsulated cells exhibit a lower autophagy level after undergoing mechanical stress, suggesting the protective effect of the DNA encapsulation. This method may provide a new tool for ex vivo cell engineering.
Boosting Cathode Activity and Anode Stability of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with Vigorous Iodic Species Triggered by Nitrate
Authors: Jia Pengfei , Wang Jin , Zheng Tianle , Tao Chengzhou , Yila Guma , Wang Lina , Wang Yonggang , Liu Tianxi
Published: February 2024

Lithium–sulfur (Li−S) battery with a sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathode is a promising alternative to Li‐ion systems. However, the sluggish charge transfer of cathode and accumulation of inactive Li on anode remain persistent challenges. An advanced electrolyte additive with function towards both cathode and anode holds great promise to address these issues. Herein, we present a new strategy to boost sulfur activity and rejuvenate dead Li simultaneously. In the polar electrolyte containing I2−LiNO3 additives, I3−/IO3− are triggered significantly by the reaction between NO3− and I− ions. The I3−/IO3− are reactive to insulated Li2S product of cathode and inactive Li on anode, thus accelerating the conversion reaction of sulfur and recovering Li sources back to battery cycling. The in situ/ex situ spectroscopic and morphologic monitoring reveal the crucial role of iodine in promoting Li2S dissociation and inhibiting dendritic Li growth. With the modified electrolyte, the symmetric Li||Li cells deliver a lifespan of 4000 h with an overpotential less than 12 mV at 0.5 mA cm−2. For Li−S cells, 100 % capacity retention up to thousands of cycles and enhanced rate capability are available. This work demonstrates a feasible strategy on electrolyte engineering for practical applications of Li−S batteries.
Unique Double and Triple Decker Arrangements of Rare‐Earth 9,10‐Diborataanthracene Complexes Featuring Single‐Molecule Magnet Characteristics
Authors: Uhlmann Cedric , Münzfeld Luca , Hauser Adrian , Ruan Ting‐Ting , Kumar Kuppusamy Senthil , Jin Chengyu , Ruben Mario , Fink Karin , Moreno‐Pineda Eufemio , Roesky Peter W.
Published: February 2024

Herein, we present the first report on the synthesis of rare‐earth complexes featuring a 9,10‐diborataanthracene ligand. This 14‐π‐electron ligand is highly reductive and was previously used in small‐molecule activation. Salt elimination reactions between dipotassium 9,10‐diethyl‐9,10‐diborataanthracene [K2(DEDBA)] and [LnIII(η8‐CotTIPS)(BH4)(thf)x] (CotTIPS=1,4‐(iPr3Si)2C8H6) in a 1 : 1 ratio yielded heteroleptic sandwich complexes [K(η8‐CotTIPS)LnIII(η6‐DEDBA)] (Ln=Y, Dy, Er). These compounds form Lewis‐base‐free one‐dimensional coordination polymers when crystallised from toluene. In contrast, reaction of [K2(DEDBA)] and [LnIII(η8‐CotTIPS)(BH4)(thf)x] in a 1 : 2 ratio led to the formation of heteroleptic triple‐decker complexes [(η8‐CotTIPS)LnIII(μ‐η6:η6‐DEDBA)LnIII(η8‐CotTIPS)] (Ln=Y, Dy, Er). Notably, these are not only the first lanthanide triple‐decker compounds featuring a six‐membered ring as a deck but also the first trivalent lanthanide triple‐decker featuring a heterocycle in the coordination sphere. Magnetic investigations reveal that [K(η8‐CotTIPS)LnIII(η6‐DEDBA)] (Ln=Dy, Er) and [(η8‐CotTIPS)ErIII(μ‐η6:η6‐DEDBA)ErIII(η8‐CotTIPS)] exhibit Single‐Molecule Magnet (SMM) behaviour. In the case of [(η8‐CotTIPS)LnIII(μ‐η6:η6‐DEDBA)LnIII(η8‐CotTIPS)] (Ln=Dy, Er), the introduction of a second near lanthanide ion results in strong antiferromagnetic interactions, allowing the enhancement of the magnetic characteristic of the system, compared to the quasi isolated counterpart. This research renews the overlooked coordination chemistry of the DBA ligand and expands it to encompass rare‐earth elements.
Alkaline pretreatment and steam explosion process on coffee silverskin and incorporation of cellulose fibers in poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)
Authors: Gondim Fernanda Fabbri , Rodrigues João Gabriel Passos , Tienne Lucas Galhardo Pimenta , de Oliveira Aguiar Vinicius , de Fátima Vieira Marques Maria
Published: February 2024

In this work, coffee silverskin (CSS) fibers were subjected to alkali pretreatment (ALK‐CSS) and alkali pretreatment, followed by a 4‐bar steam explosion process (SEW4). Both treated fibers presented a higher degree of crystallinity, enhanced thermal resistance and also cleaner, rough, and defibrillated surface due to the removal of noncellulosic components, as was shown in scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared spectra, and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) results. The SEW4 fibers were incorporated into the poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) matrix in contents up to 5% wt. through melt processing. PBAT/SEW4 composites were evaluated by their microstructure, thermal properties, degree of crystallinity, and hydrophilic behavior. XRD results showed PBAT/SEW4 composites with higher degrees of crystallinity and contact angle tests revealed increased composite hydrophobicity with the increase of SEW4 content in the PBAT matrix. This work describes the importance of recovering coffee lignocellulosic waste and producing value‐added by‐products, especially in packaging manufacturing.
Carbon nanotube composites fabricated through filament winding process for battery preheating application
Authors: Ma Huan , Zheng Liangang , Wei Xiaoxiao , Xu Fujun
Published: February 2024

Carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composites have broad application prospects in thermal management as electrothermal heaters. Nevertheless, challenge remains in achieving high electrical conductivity for the composites due to the contradiction between CNTs and insulated polymers. To address this issue, herein, innovative use of interface strategy approach by constructing synergistic nanomaterial networks on carboxyl CNTs yarn winding composites for improving the interfacial adhesion and electrical performance. In the work, carboxyl CNTs yarn/CNTs‐graphene oxide (GO) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites (C‐CY‐HP‐C) were proposed and manufactured via filament winding process. The as‐constructed C‐CY‐HP‐C demonstrated a remarkable interfacial shear strength of 2057.16 N mm−1, which was 53.59% higher than that of control CNTs yarn/PVA winding composites. In addition, the C‐CY‐HP‐C achieved an attractive electrical conductivity of 346.39 S cm−1 owing to the electronic transmission channels were formed. Notably, the superior electrical conductivity facilitated a rapid‐response of electrothermal performance for the C‐CY‐HP‐C. It reached a steady‐state temperature of 229.9°C within 10 s when the voltage was 1.2 V. Concurrently, it exhibited an impressive heating rate of 10.8°C min−1 at an ambient temperature of −20°C as the battery surface heater. These findings shed light on the development of technique for battery preheating system based on CNTs yarn/polymer composites.