bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis tingkat produktivitas industri manufaktur di Indonesia periode 1990-1998
Authors: Gaspersz Vincent
Published: April 2022

This research used a data collection through a document study which is relevant with the research problem. The data about manufacture industry that becomes the research object were got from BPS. Based on the empirical analysis, the researcher found (1) the total productivity of employees on manufacture industry faces a negative growth, on average of 0.23 percent per year during 1990-1998.
Analisis makro ekonomi Indonesia pendekatan IS-LM
Authors: Yuliadi Imamuddin
Published: April 2022

A research of Indonesia's economy by IS-LM analysis to determine general equilibrium both in money market and goods market based on thought to know now for the capability of national economy in raising economic mobility that is showed by some macro economic indicators.
Pendayagunaan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam rangka strategi pembangunan jangka panjang
Authors: Baswedan Rasyid
Published: April 2022

Sumber daya manusia merupakan kekuatan utama sebuah bangsa di masa depan. Melalui kualitas sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki maka kemajuan dan kesejahteraan bangsa ditentukan. Indonesia yang memiliki kuantitas sumber daya manusia yang luar biasa besarnya memerlukan strategi pendayagunaan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang tepat.
Bursa efek Jakarta dalam perspektif makro
Authors: Sagir H Soeharsono
Published: April 2022

Dilihat dari sudut makro ekonomi (agregate demand) atau expenditure approach, dua pelaku ekonomi utama: konsumen dan bisnis (pemerintah dan luar negeri dianggap tidak berperan) merupakan faktor yang menentukan besaran GNP/GDP. Sebagai maco economics "spending unit" sebab "investment"  (I) pada dasarnya merupakan "replaces the saving leakege of the household sector" (Samuel-son); sebaliknya dunia bisnis (FIRMS) merupakan "deficit spending unit" (capital shortage unit) yang memerlukan dana (modal) untuk investasi.
Mendeteksi peluang pasar di Propinsi DIY lewat perubahan demografi
Authors: Feriyanto Nur
Published: April 2022

Konsumen adalah individu yang mengonsumsi barang-jasa untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Perubahan komposisi dan jumlah penduduk akan dapat mempengaruhi kebutuhan barang-jasa di pasar barang.
Rhizosphere-Associated Microbiome Profile of Agriculture Reclaimed Lands in Egypt
Authors: Korkar Mohamed Hassan , Magdy Mahmoud , Rizk Samah Mohamed , Fiteha Yosur Gamal , Atta Aiman Hanafy , Rashed Mohamed Abdel-Salam
Published: April 2022

Plants especially in their natural habitat are considered part of a rich ecosystem that includes many various microorganisms in the soil. The current study aimed to identify the bacterial profile of agriculture-related soil samples using the metabarcoding technique to compare and explore relevant rhizosphere bacteria associated with plant cultivations in newly reclaimed land and habitual cultivated ones. Total environmental DNA was extracted from rhizosphere and non-cultivated samples derived from three land types in Egypt. The bacterial 16S rDNA was amplified and sequenced by NGS technology to profile each sample. The microbial profile was characterized by statistical and literature-based methods. Among all samples, the most identified phyla were Actinobacteriota (28%), followed by Proteobacteriota (26%), Firmicutes (14%), Ac-idobacteriota and Chloroflexi (7%), Gemmatimonadota (5%), Bacteriodota and Crenarchaeota (3%), and Myxococcota (2%), in addition to 37 other phyla with <1% counts. A total of 74 OTU was unique to the plant rhizosphere area and classified as Bacteriodota (5.1%:0.3%), Firmicutes (2.4%:0.1%), and Proteobacteria (3.5%:2%) phyla in agriculture and reclaimed lands, respectively. Moreover, the rhizosphere profile included a large portion of uncultured and unidentified bac-terial species, which opened a window to further analysis. Our analysis provides a key Knowledge about the rhizosphere microbiome and highlights its possible use to create microbial-based bi-ofertilizers targeting plant performance in contrast to traditional fertilizers and their side effect on the agriculture sector.
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant of Concern and its Rapid Spread throughout the Western Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Sgorlon-Oliveira Gabriella , Queiroz Jackson Alves da Silva , Gasparelo Nadson Willian Felipe , Roca Tárcio Peixoto , Passos-Silva Ana Maisa , Teixeira Karolaine Santos , Oliveira Adrhyan Araújo da Silva , Souza Paulo Ricardo Freitas de , Silva Elizama de Souza , Silva Ciciléia Correia da , Maia Adriana Cristina Salvador , Azzi Camila Flávia Gomes , Batista Flávia Serrano , Souza Valquiria Reis de , Oliveira Franciane Mendes , Salcedo Juan Miguel Villalobos , Pereira Soraya dos Santos , Naveca Felipe Gomes , Rampazzo Rita de Cássia Pontello , Morello Luis Gustavo , Marchini Fabricio Klerynton , Vieira Deusilene
Published: April 2022

Genomic surveillance represents an important strategy for understanding evolutionary mechanisms, transmission profile, and infectivity of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. We assessed the epidemiological profile of 366 individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from 29 municipalities in Rondônia between December 2021 to March 2022. Samples were collected, RNA was ex-tracted and screened using RT-qPCR for Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron VOCs and viral quantification was performed. Sequences were analyzed for phylogeny, mutations and lineages. Of the samples analyzed, 93.71% were positive for the Omicron variant and 6.28% were positive for the Delta variant. The symptoms observed were cough, sore throat, and fever, with a mean duration of 5 days; no hospitalizations or deaths were reported. We noted that among the positive individuals, 51% had been immunized with two doses, 22% received three doses, 13% received one dose, and 13% were not immunized. Just 242 samples were amenable to analysis for alignment and phylogenetic characterization; corresponding to variants BA.1 and BA.1.1; a total of 120 mutations were identified, 36% of which were found in the S gene. In conclusion, there was a high frequency of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, but no record of clinical severity, demonstrating the positive effect of vaccination.
Don’t Bury Functional Electrical Stimulation Too Fast! An Introspection Based on Gait Improvement after an Ecological 6-Month Training Program at Home for a Stroke Survivor
Authors: David Romain , Billot Maxime , Ojardias Etienne , Parratte Bernard , Roulaud Manuel , Ounajim Amine , Louis Frédéric , Meklat Hachemi , Foucault Philippe , Lombard Christophe , Jossart Anne , Mainini Laura , Lavalliere Martin , Goudman Lisa , Moens Maarten , Laroche Davy , Salga Marjorie , Genet François , Daviet Jean Christophe , Perrochon Anaick , Compagnat Maxence , Rigoard Philippe
Published: April 2022

Foot drop is a common disability in post-stroke patients and represents a challenge for the clinician. To date, Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) combined with conventional rehabilitation is the gold standard of rehabilitation management. AFO has a palliative mechanical action without actively restoring the associated neural function. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), consisting in stimulation of the peroneal nerve pathway, represents an alternative approach. By providing a FES device (Bioness L-300, BIONESS, USA) for 6 months to a post-stroke 22-year-old woman with a foot drop, our goal was to quantify its potential benefit on walking capacity. Gait parameters and the temporal evolution of the speed were collected with a specific connected sole device (Feet Me®) during the 10-meter walking, the Time Up and Go, and the 6-minute walking tests with AFO, FES or without any device (NO). As a result, the walking speed changes on 10-meters were clinically significant with an increase from baseline to 6 months in AFO and FES conditions (+0.14m-1 and +0.36m-1), without any changes in NO condition. In addition, speed decreased at about 4-minutes of the 6-minute walking test in NO and AFO conditions, while speed increased in FES conditions at baseline and after 1, 3 and 6 months. Monitoring gait speed in an endurance test after an ecological rehabilitation training program helps to examine walking performance in post-stroke patients and to propose a specific rehabilitation program depending on a fatigue threshold.
The Effect of Addition of Powder Areca Nut Midrib on Polyester Matrix to the Tensile and Bending Strength
Authors: Fahmi Hendriwan , Pratiwi Putri , Maryanto Tri
Published: April 2022

In this life, humans certainly need a variety of equipment called material. In its development the material continues to experience progress as in early life, humans only use equipment made from simple materials such as wood, stone and others. Then move to the metal and the last to use a lot of mixture in the refinement of these materials, one form of mixed material created by humans is composite. Betel nut has a lot of powder, how to take it without damaging the areca nut plant. After the extraction of powder is applied to the areca nut, the fiber will be mixed with polyester resin as its matrix. Polyester resin is a matrix of composites. This resin is also included in thermoset resin. In the thermoset polyester the liquid resin is converted into hard and brittle solids formed by chemical cross-bonds that form very strong polymer chains. The mixture will produce composite materials which have different mechanical properties and characteristics from the forming material. Composite materials have the properties of conventional materials from the manufacturing process through inhomogeneous mixing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding areca nut powder to the polyester matrix on tensile and bending strength. Research and testing are carried out in several stages, including the manufacture of specimens. Both materials are stirred manually until both materials are fused evenly, then tensile and bending tests are carried out, data analysis and conclusions. The results of this research got the best tensile test values on composite polyester resin specimens and areca nut powder with a composition of 90%: 10% with a value of 5.09 MPa. And the results of bending which got the best bending test values are polyester resin composites and nutmeg powder with a composition of 90%: 10% with bending test values of 3.77MPa.
Android-Based Control System of Lawn Mower Using Bluetooth Connection
Authors: Yanto Asmara , Anrinal  , Subekti Prasetyo
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to build and test the android-based control system of lawn mower using bluetooth connection. The lawn mower has 4 DC motor actuators, where a DC motor for moving the rear wheels that serves to move the lawn mower back and forth, a DC motor to drive the front wheels that serves to turn the lawn mower, a DC motor to adjust the cutting blade elevation and a DC motor for turning the cutter blade. The four DC motors are controlled by Arduino. The command or input to control the motion of the mower is sent via android with bluetooth connection to arduino. The lawn mower control system testing is carried out to cut the grass. From the tests was conducted, it can be concluded that the lawn mower control system works well.
The Effect of Rambutan’s Leaf Extract Inhibitor on Corrosion Rate on Cast Iron Block Car Sedan Nissan in HCl Solution 1%
Authors: Eka Putra Ismet , Tanjung Pren
Published: April 2022

Corrosion in cast iron can be overcome by rambutan counter measures (Nepheliumlappaceum.L). The object of the study which is placed in 1% HCl solution each of 3 specimens in 1 vessel. 12 specimens in 4 vessels. In this study, soaking iron cast iron car block Sedan Nissan without inhibitor and the variation of inhibitor 5%, 10%, and 15% with immersion time 5, 10, and 15 days. The solution is coincides with 0.095 m3/hr of passage in a vessel with a volume of 1% 900 ml of HCl. The highest corrosion rate in cast iron soaked in 1% HCl without using rambutan leaf extract and immersion time of 15 days is 0,075054 mpy. The lowest corrosion rate in cast iron soaked in 1% HCl solution using 15% rambutan leaf extract and a 15 day immersion time of 0,025863 mpy.
The Influence of the Initial Angle of the Cut and the Depth of Cut on the Shaping Process to Edge Wear of HSS Chisel
Authors: Anrinal  , Yanto Asmara , Fahmi Hendriwan , Darman Yanto
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the effect of the initial angle of cut and depth of cut on the edge wear of the HSS chisel in the wear resistant steel cutting process using a scrap machine. This research was conducted using the KLOPP brand scrap machine, Type 550, Machine Code SC 01, Cutting speed (V) 15 m / min, Feeding motion (f) 0.4 mm / step, cutting time 5 minutes, using HSS Bohler scrap chisel Rapid Extra 1200 (3/8 "X 4") with variations in the initial angle of cutting (λ) 50 , 150, 250 and variations in the depth of cut (a) 0.4 mm, 0.8 mm and 1.2 mm. The results showed that an increase in the initial angle of cut and depth of cut tended to result in an increase in the edge wear of the HSS chisel.
Torque and Power Testing of the Pelton Turbine
Authors: Wardianto Dedi , Anwar Irwan , Afdal
Published: April 2022

Energy sources that can be renewed in Indonesia according to Asean energy sources, one of which is microhydro that uses water as a source of energy from a turbine. The potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy in the nozzles. The water coming out of the nozzle that has a high speed hits the turbine blade. After hitting the blade direction the flow velocity changes so that the momentum changes (impulses) so that the turbine wheel will rotate. Pelton Turbines are impulse turbines which consist of a set of road blades that are rotated by a jet of water sprayed from one or more devices called nozzles. Pelton Turbine is one of the most efficient and suitable types of water turbines used for high head and small flow discharge. Pelton turbines have several advantages including turbine efficiency which is relatively stable at various changes in flow discharge. The purpose of this writing is to find out and provide insight into the torque and power of the Pelton turbine and the effect on the valve openings that are varied.
The Effect of Circulation of 0.5% HCL Solution On the Corrosion Rate of Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Eka Putra Ismet , Ramdani Hasbi
Published: April 2022

Corrosion is usually called rusting. Corrosion in low carbon steel is carried out by the circulation method and without circulation. The specimens were placed in 0.5% HCl solution of 3 specimens in 1 vessel. The test specimens totaled 27 specimens in 3 vessels. In this study, low carbon steel immersion was carried out with circulation of 1200 L / H and 800 L / H and also without circulation with immersion times of 5, 10 and 15 days. The highest corrosion rate was obtained in low carbon steel soaked in 0.5% HCl for 15 days with a circulation of 1200 L / H which is 0.07357 mpy. The lowest corrosion rate was obtained in low carbon steel soaked in 0.5% HCl for 5 days without circulation, which is 0.02681 mpy.
Product Design Evaluation of Scooter 2 Pedal with Quality Function Development Method
Authors: Saferi Rozi , Yanto Asmara , Ilhamdi Muhammad
Published: April 2022

A scooter is defined as a two-wheeled vehicle with a step-through chassis and footrest platform. There are several factors that must be considered in planning and designing this scooter including an attractive design, selection of the right material, analysis of material strength, ergonomics factors and others. The purpose of this research is to design a 2 pedal scooter and evaluate the design results using the quality function development (QFD) method. The results of the evaluation of the 2-pedal scooter product design with the quality function development method show that the highest stress occurs at a load of 90 kg with a displacement of 6.11 mm and is still safe to use. Furthermore, the design of the 2-pedal Scooter is better than otoped in terms of the transmission system and ergonomics and is better than commercial scooters in terms of weight.
The impact of a Fuel mixture On Matic Motorbike Performance
Authors: Marfizal  , Nur Permadi Fadli
Published: April 2022

The research conducted in this paper is related to testing the performance of a 4-stroke engine using Pertamax, Pertalite and Pertalite 50% Pertamax 50% fuel. The test was carried out by varying the power from 5000 to 8000 rpm. The performance that will be compared from the three types of fuel is acceleration, speed, power and torque. Tests were carried out using Super Dyno 50L. The results of this test are used to compare the performance of the three types of fuel. In this study, it was found that the use of Pertamax on the Pertamax 4 stroke engine had performance in Pertalite and a mixture of Pertamax usage 50% Pertalite 50%. Judging from its performance for Pertamax, the acceleration value is 0.26% to 0.01%, the speed ranges from 0.54% to 45%, the higher power is 1.82% to 24.04 %, greater torque 6.65% to 25.67%. In general, it can be concluded that Pertamax has a better performance then followed by a mixture of Pertalite 50% Pertamax 50%.
Development of the Dynamic Signal Analyzer Based on Labview+Arduino to Identify Structure Dynamic Characteristics
Authors: Yanto Asmara , Adriyan  , Anrinal  , Saferi Rozi
Published: April 2022

In this work, the dynamic signal analyzer (DSA) based on Labview+Arduino has been developed. The DSA is validated to acquire and analyze vibration of two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) structure as the test rig. Vibration signal generated by bump test method to the test rig. Vibrations of the test rig are measured by using micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS)-based accelerometers. The measured vibrations are acquired and analyzed by using the DSA. In the DSA is used fast Fourier transform (FFT) method to obtain natural frequencies of the structure and half power point (HPP) method to estimate damping ratio of structure. From the testing was conducted can be concluded that the DSA capable to determine natural frequency and damping ratio of the 2-DOF structure. If the obtained results are compared to theoretically results, there are different results about less than 10%.
Application of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) for Designing a Lab-scale Flexible Conveyor
Authors: Chaniago Basirun , Sufiyanto Sufiyanto , Trisyathia Quentara Lilia
Published: April 2022

The limited area of laboratory space (3000 x 3000 mm) triggered the importance of designing a flexible conveyor to support practicum activities. The process design of flexible conveyor consist of 1) Planning and preparation of product specifications; collection of product ideas based on needs and material selection. 2) Designing concepts; product dimensions with anthropometric data approach eg. elbow height, forward knee height and hand grip distance. 3) Product design; schemes or sketches that are developed into products or technical objects. 4) Pictures and specifications of product manufacture; complete review of all product elements with geometry, dimensions and material. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method is used to analyze product function by investigating disorders of the upper limbs consisting of group A; upper arm, forearm, wrist, and wrist rotation, then group B; neck, torso, and feet, which are measured by the degree of injury risk. From the anthropometry approach a flexible conveyor specification was obtained with a length of 2000 mm, a width of 610 mm, a minimum height of 544 mm, and a maximum height of 957 mm. The results of the final score assessment of the standing posture and sitting position that the RULA action category is 4, with a small level of risk and for action to take some time to come.
Design and Manufacturing Motorized Trike Drift Using 110 cc Suzuki Jet Cooled Gasoline Engine
Authors: Romiyadi  , Febrianton Adi , Irwan Purnama
Published: April 2022

Motorized trike drift is a unique means of transportation that is adapted from a bicycle with 3 wheels, 2 wheels at the rear and 1 wheel at the front for steering control. The purpose of the study was to design and manufacture of motorized trike drift  using gasoline engine Suzuki Jet Cooled 110 cc as a power source. From the process of designing and manufacturing, has produced a motorized trike drift using  gasoline engine Suzuki Jet Cooled 110 cc as a power source. The transmission system used is a chain and sprocket. From the test results, the speed of motorized trike drift can reach 40 km /hour, but for convenience, the speed limit is 20-25 km / hour. For fuel use, 1 litre of fuel can be used within 30 minutes or within a distance of 15-20 km.
Vibration Analysis to Detect Failure Bearing of Centrifugal Pump “Black Liquor Pump” in PT. Riau Andalas Pulp & Paper (RAPP)
Authors: Anwar Irwan , Afdal
Published: April 2022

Bearing is one of machine element specialized to hold the load both radial and thrust load, also in supporting the shaft while operating. Because of a factor such as friction that occurred between bearing and shaft It would be influencing to machine’s performance is totally dependent to the currently used bearing and inefficiently operation. This research’s aim was to be analyzed what kind of failure and detected the cause of it failures that appear influencing to the bearing life time. The method used to research of that failures using relevant update issue such as literature study, surveying, collecting data.  The result of this researching showed the cause of that bearing failure was happened at the cage of bearing and broken of bearing ring. Furthermore, supervising by control of a good maintenance schedule, making influence to the effect of load on reliability. So the remaining life of bearing had been investigated, showing that a potential decrease in remaining life significantly.
Effect of Wind Turbine Blade Material Type on Generated Electric Power
Authors: Sulaeman  , Munandar Mitra , Suchy
Published: April 2022

Electric power as an energy system has a very important role in the economic development of a country. Therefore, now many researches are conducting developments in energy generation research and one of them is the development of wind power plants or wind turbines. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the type of blade material used in wind turbines on the varying electrical power produced. The blade material used in this material is pine wood, fiberglass/epoxy composite and fiberglass/coconut fiber/epoxy. The tests carried out in this study were to measure the rotation of the rotor, measure the current, voltage and power for variations in wind speed. The wind speed used is 3 m/s 4 m/s 5 m/s 6 m/s. blade with fiberglass/epoxy/coconut fiber composite material gets high rotational results compared to other materials, at a wind speed of 6 m/s it can produce a rotation of 1241,156 rpm and the electrical power generated is 3,545 W.
Performance Comparison of Wet Cell HHO Generator with Galvanized Steel and Stainless Steel Electrodes
Authors: Pratiwi Putri , Perdana Mastariyanto , Fachrurrozi Ahmad
Published: April 2022

The excessive use of fossil fuels has many negative impacts on the environment and health. Many studies have been conducted to find solutions to this problem, such as the use of oxy-hydrogen gas (HHO) as an alternative to reduce the use of fossil fuels as a source of energy in vehicles and other applications. The objective of this research is to compare the performance of a wet type HHO generator using two types of electrodes, stainless steel plate and galvanized steel plate. Both generators use nine electrodes with dimensions of 130 mm x 60 mm consisting of two plates at the positive pole (anode), one plate at the negative pole (cathode), and six neutral plates. Calculation of the power consumed by the HHO generators, the flow rate of the gas produced, and the efficiency of these generators are carried out to compare the performance of both HHO generators. The results showed that the performance of the HHO generator using stainless steel plate as an electrode was better than galvanized steel which was indicated by a higher efficiency value.
Preparation and Mechanism of Stability for High-Temperature and High-Salinity Gels
Authors: Guo Hongbin , Ge Jijiang , Xu Ya , Lv Qi , Li Ziwei , Zhou Daiyu , Tao Zhengwu
Published: April 2022

By using an acrylamide (AM)-acrylamide propyl sulfonate (AMPS) copolymer crosslinked with hydroquinone (HQ) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), a stable gel was prepared at 150℃ in simulated brine with a salinity of 25×104 mg/L. The gelation time, strength, and thermal stability of gel were investigated, and the results indicated that the dosage of the crosslinker was the key factor controlling the stability and gelation time of gel. When the polymer concentration was more than 0.7 wt% and the concentrations of HQ and HMTA were more than 0.2 wt%, respectively, a gel aged under high temperature and high salinity for 180 days could be obtained, but its gelation time was short and could be extended by adding lauramidopropyl hydroxy sulfobetaine (LHSB). When the crosslinker concentration was low, the gel would exhibit syneresis problems after aging at 150℃. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses showed that the presence of AMPS in the crosslinked polymer controlled the gel resistance to high temperature and high salinity. Using AM-AMPS copolymer with high AMPS content and regulating the crosslinker concentration can effectively inhibit the intramolecular catalytic hydrolysis of AMPS and enhance the stability of gel. The research results could guide the design and development of gels for conformance control in high-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs.
Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Translaminar Keyhole Approach to Treat High-grade Up-migrated Lumbar Disc Herniation: Technical Note
Authors: Moon Kang Suk , Jeong MinSeung , Lee Sang-Ho , Seo Hyun-Nam , Baek Oon-Ki
Published: April 2022

The incidence of lumbar disc fragment migration is approximately 35%–72% of which 34% are high-grade up-migrated discs. Translaminar keyhole approach is a minimally invasive and true tissue sparing technique which has been applied to approach migrated disc herniation. The unilateral biportal endoscopic approach is an emerging technique among endoscopic spine surgery that combines the advantages of microscopic surgery with endoscopic surgery. In this technical report we demonstrate the surgical technique of performing the translaminar keyhole approach with unilateral biportal endoscopic spine surgery to treat high-grade up-migrated discs. As far as we know, this is the first technical report of unilateral biportal endoscopy with translaminar keyhole approach to treat high-grade up migrated lumbar disc herniation.
Bacterial and archaeal communities within the alkaline Na2CO3-type Langaco Lake in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Mingxiang , Zhang Xin , Shu Zhiwan , Wang Zhibo , Tao Yujie , Lv Chuan bo , Zhu Derui , Shen Guoping
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Langaco Lake (LGL) is a strong Na2CO3-type lake that sits at an altitude of 4,548 m in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. LGL exhibits unique hydrochemical characteristics among Na2CO3-type lakes, but little is known about the microbial diversity of LGL and their interactions with environmental factors.Methods: The water samples were filtered by chemical-grade cellulose acetate membrane (pore size 0.45 μm), and analyzed the Hydrochemical characteristics. Community DNA was extracted then high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes were used to evaluate the microbial community composition.Results: Here, high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that LGL bacterial diversity comprised 327 genera in 24 phyla (4,871 operational taxonomic units [OTUs]; Shannon index values of 5.20–6.07) that represented significantly higher diversity than that of Archaea (eight phyla and 29 genera comprising 1,008 OTUs; Shannon index values of 2.98–3.30). The bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria (42.79–53.70% relative abundances), followed by Bacteroidetes (11.13–15.18%), Planctomycetes (4.20–12.82%), Acidobacteria (5.91–9.50%), Actinobacteria (2.60–5.80%), and Verrucomicrobia (2.11–4.08%). Further, archaeal communities were dominated by Crenarchaeota (35.97–58.29%), Euryarchaeota (33.02–39.89%), and Woesearchaeota (6.50–21.57%). The dominant bacterial genus was Thiobacillus (8.92–16.78%), whose abundances were most correlated with total phosphorus (TP), pH, CO32− concentrations, and temperature. The most abundant archaeal genus was Methanoregula (21.40–28.29%), whose abundances were most highly correlated with TOC and TS in addition to the concentrations of K+, and Na+.Conclusions: Taken together, these results provide valuable insights towards a more comprehensive understanding of microbial diversity in these unique carbonate alkaline environments, in addition to a better understanding of microbial resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Whole genome sequence analysis of equid herpesvirus type 2 field isolates reveals high levels of genomic diversity and recombination.
Authors: Onasanya Adepeju E. , Diaz-Méndez Andrés , El-Hage Charles , Vaz Paola K. , Legione Alistair R. , Browning Glenn F. , Devlin Joanne M. , Hartley Carol A.
Published: April 2022

BackgroundEquid gammaherpesvirus 2 (EHV2) is a gammaherpesvirus with a widespread distribution in horse populations globally. Although its pathogenic significance can be unclear in most cases of infection, EHV2 infection can cause upper respiratory tract disease in foals. Co-infection of different strains of EHV2 in an individual horse is common. Small regions of the EHV2 genome have shown considerable genetic heterogeneity. This could suggest genomic recombination between different strains of EHV2, similar to the extensive recombination networks that have been demonstrated for some alphaherpesviruses. This study examined natural recombination and genome diversity of EHV2 field isolates. ResultsWhole genome sequencing analysis of 18 EHV2 isolates, along with analysis of two publicly available EHV2 genomes, revealed variation in genomes sizes (from 173.7 to 184.8 kbp), guanine plus cytosine content (from 56.7 to 57.8 %) and the size of the terminal repeat regions (from 17,196 to 17,551 bp). The nucleotide sequence identity between the genomes ranged from 86.2 to 99.7%. The estimated average inter-strain nucleotide diversity between the 20 EHV2 genomes was 2.9%. Individual gene sequences showed varying levels of nucleotide diversity and ranged between 0 and 3.8%. The ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions, Ka, to synonymous substitutions, Ks, (Ka/Ks) suggests that over 50% of EHV2 genes are undergoing diversifying selection. Recombination analyses of the 20 EHV2 genome sequences using the recombination detection program (RDP4) and SplitsTree revealed evidence of viral recombination. ConclusionsAnalysis of the 18 new EHV2 genomes alongside the 2 previously sequenced genomes revealed a high degree of genetic diversity and extensive recombination networks. Herpesvirus genome diversification and virus evolution can be driven by recombination, and our findings are consistent with recombination being a key mechanism by which EHV2 genomes may vary and evolve.
Development of Self-Active Aging Index (S-AAI) Among Rural Elderly in Lower Northern Thailand Classified by Age and Gender
Authors: Keeratisiroj Orawan , Kitreerawutiwong Nithra , Mekrungrongwong Sunsanee
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to develop a Self-Active Aging Index (S-AAI) for the rural community of Thailand using the World Health Organization (WHO) framework, and score it according to age and gender. Overall, 1,098 elderly people were randomly selected. The self-reported questionnaires were categorized into three segments: health, participation, and security. An exploratory factor analysis was used to determine appropriate components. The S-AAI comprised 28 indicators and 9 factors: 1) mental/subjective health; 2) physical health; 3) health behavior and chronic disease; 4) vision and hearing; 5) oral health; 6) social participation; 7) stability in life; 8) financial stability; and 9) secure living. The overall S-AAI was 0.65, with the index inversely proportional to age, but with no gender differences. The S-AAI is potentially Thailand's first multi-dimensional interactive aging assessment tool with a unique cultural context for rural areas. Although this tool is valid, it requires reliability testing.
The development and implementation of a bespoke teaching curriculum for final year University of Bristol medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Brown Niall , Hurst William
Published: April 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the cancellation of final year medical student experiences, such as finals examinations, face-to-face teaching, and structured assistantship programmes. This heightened an already established feeling of unpreparedness for their transition from academic studies to becoming acute caregivers. To address this, we developed a fully virtual teaching course. The primary aims were to improve student confidence, decrease anxiety and develop the student’s knowledge of what is expected of their FY1 role.
Method:
A teaching curriculum was developed using the Foundation Programme syllabus, junior doctor experience and medical student questionnaires. The course was open to all final year medical students at the University of Bristol. The creators attended accredited teaching courses and content was reviewed with a Teaching Fellow. Feedback was collected to analyse individual sessions and the entire course.
Results:
Six one-hour online teaching sessions were delivered over 12 weeks via Zoom. Cumulative attendance was sixty-three. Mean rating for knowledge of the FY1 job role and confidence in starting FY1 increased by 24% and 46%, respectively. Prior to the course, 70% agreed and a further 26% strongly agreed with ‘I feel anxious about starting FY1’. After the course, 64% of participants agreed and 21% strongly agreed that the course made them feel less anxious about starting FY1. 100% of participants would recommend this teaching course to a peer. Qualitative feedback included comments such as, “The salient points relevant to practicalities of FY1 were highlighted- cannot find anywhere else online which would equip me so well”. The two creators undertook a dedicated session of collective reflection using the Gibb’s cycle once the course had been completed.
Conclusion:
Virtual teaching will continue to be crucial to ensure students are not disadvantaged during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main project limitation was that of modest participant numbers. This project has improved student confidence, knowledge and reduced anxiety; by improving preparedness for FY1, we hope to uphold excellent patient care as a result. A further iteration is planned, and future tutors recruited to ensure project sustainability.
Performance Enhancement of Solar Cooker Integrated with Photovoltaic Module and Evacuated Tubes Using ZnO/Acalypha Indica Leaf Extract: Response Surface Study Analysis
Authors: Prabu Arulraj Simon , Chithambaram Venkatesan , Shanmugan Sengottaiyan , Cavaliere Pasquale , Gorjian Shiva , Aissa Abderrahmane , Mourad Abed , Pardhasaradhi Pokkunuri , Muthucumaraswamy Rajamanickam , Essa Fadl Abdelmonem Elsayed , Elsheikh Ammar Hamed
Published: April 2022

In this study, the effect of employing ZnO/Acalypha Indica leaf extract (ZAE) on the energy absorption of a coated portable solar cooker have been examined using an experimental setup. A prototypical model has been developed to corroborate in associating an investigative outcome per constituents of the experiments. The studied heat transfer process in ZAE is stable for harsh conditions. The design analysis and an estimation of the system performance were done given various parameters including the pressure of the vacuum envelope, bar plate coating digestion, emissivity, and solar rays. The fabricated solar was tested with and without ZAE to investigate the impact of this coating material on the solar cooker's thermal performance. To observe the performance of the new design, two figures of merit (F1 and F2) have been introduced. The factual food cooking assessments were for a family of four people, which operated in ZAE coating (0.8, 1.0, 1.2 \({\mu }\text{m}\)) of the solar cooker. The values of F1 and F2 for the proposed cooker were obtained as 0.1520 and 0.4235, respectively, which is intact with the BIS values. The results revealed that employing ZAE instead of a thermal NHC - PV solar cooker reduced the time required to boil 2 L of water for about 2,820 seconds. The overall thermal energy productivity of the solar cooker with electrical backup was obtained as 42.65%, indicating that the ZAE coating can improve the thermal efficiency by 10.35%.
Experimental study on the simulated defects detection in submerged transmission pipeline
Authors: Chang Ho , Durai Mathivanan , Huang Chun-Wei , Peng Chi-Chuan , Lan Chou-Wei
Published: April 2022

Long-distance pipelines are commonly used to transport oil, natural gas, water, etc. However, long-term uses without maintenance cause the residue of deposits in the pipeline to gradually adhere to the inside of the pipeline by physical or chemical action, it causing the pipeline to become clogged. And it makes overpressure and leaks in the pipeline, which further impacts the safety of industry and people`s lives. The purpose of this study is to establish a non-destructive inspection to measure the defects in a pipe by ultrasonic technique. The material of the simulated pipe is SCH80 carbon steel pipe with a thickness of about 11mm as standard, and defects were designed such as holes and grooves inside and outside the pipe. The carrier mechanism design is printed by a 3D printer. A submerged ultrasonic transducer is used to evaluate the simulated pipeline and establish that data in an imaging system through LabVIEW and Origin software. Thereby, thickness and defect locations are clearly evaluated. In addition, ultrasonic detection error was calculated within 6.5%. It helps to apply this technique and equipment for underground pipeline inspections to prevent pollution.
Modelling the impact of climate variability and land-use changes in the Upper Crocodile River Basin, South Africa
Authors: Fynn Byron Melvin , Abiye Tamiru A.
Published: April 2022

Improved understanding of the impacts of climatic variability and land-use changes on water resources in the semi-arid part of South Africa is necessary to ensure sustainability in water resources supply. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model was applied in the highly urbanized Upper Crocodile River Basin (UCRB) to evaluate the individual and combined effects of climate and land-use changes on streamflow. The SWAT model was calibrated against four discharge stations from 1998 to 2010 and validated from 2010 to 2016. Successful results regarding the coefficient of determination (R2), percentage bias (PBIAS), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency equation (NSE) objective functions proved that streamflow predictions were reliable for analysis under climate and land-use changes. The climate change scenarios, reflecting a 1.5°C temperature increase, and a 20% precipitation decrease, were shown to reduce the antecedent moisture condition of the UCRB. The 5% urban expansion land-use scenario revealed that increasing urbanization enhanced the imperviousness of the basin. Moreover, in the worst-case scenario, incorporating the climate and land-use changes resulted in a 14% average streamflow decrease in the UCRB. Consequently, the UCRB's predicted climate and human activity changes suggest water availability and quality decreases. The deterioration of the surface water quality will be aggravated as there is less natural water for the dilution of effluent loadings, and groundwater quality may be exacerbated by its connection with surface water in the basin. Therefore, improved integrated water management strategies, above those currently considered, is required to ensure the efficient use and sustainability of the UCRB's water resources.
Self-reported Difficulty in Walking 400 Meters: the “red Flag” for Probable Sarcopenia
Authors: SALINI Sara , RUSSO Andrea , CALVANI Riccardo , COVINO Marcello , MARTONE Anna Maria , TOSATO Matteo , DAMIANO Francesco Paolo , PICCA Anna , MARZETTI Emanuele , LANDI Francesco
Published: April 2022

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes in older people. Several tools are recommended to assess muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, but are not always available in daily practice.Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate if there is a correlation between the personal perception of physical performance (assessed through a question on personal functional status) and the effective presence of sarcopenia (according to the EWGSOP2 definition) using data from the Longevity Check-up 7+ project.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: The Longevity Check-up 7+ project is an ongoing study started in June 2015 and conducted in unconventional settings (i.e., exhibitions, malls, and health promotion campaigns). Subjects: Candidate participants are eligible for enrollment if they are at least 18 years of age and provide written informed consent. For the present study subjects 65 years age old and older have been considered (n=2901).Methods: According to the most recent EWGSOP2 consensus definition, subjects were defined to be affected by probable sarcopenia when handgrip strength was less than 27kg in male and less than 16kg in female, respectively. Furthermore, a single question assessed the perceived health status regarding own physical performance: “Do you have any difficulty in walking 400 meters?”.Results: Using the EWGSOP2 algorithm, 529 (18,9%) participants were identified as affected by probable sarcopenia with a significant higher prevalence among subjects with self-reported difficulty in walking 400 meters compared to participant without any difficulty (33.6% versus 13.1%, respectively; p<0.001). Relative to participants without self-reported difficulty, those subjects with self-reported difficulty in walking 400 meters showed a significantly higher risk of sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR]: 3.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.75-4.07)Conclusions: A single “Red Flag” question such as “Do you have any difficulty in walking 400 meters?” should be considered as a recommended method for screening probable sarcopenia risk.
A study on changed lifestyle of the elderly living in old age homes of pune city
Authors: Janbandhu Priyanka , Phad Santosh , Bansod Dhananjay
Published: April 2022

Increase in old age homes and its residents mandates attention to the living condition of elderly at such institutions. The study is based on information collected from 500 residents of 23 old age homes of Pune city. A multistage random sampling was adopted for the sample selection. A semi-structured interview schedule, which was approved by the research ethical board of the institute, was used to gather the information from the respondents. The study also has gathered qualitative insights using case studies and key informant interviews. About half of the respondents were having issues while adjusting to the old age home environment and similar percent has reported that their life has considerably changed after joining the old age home. Three-fifths of these have experienced negative impact, such as homesickness, feeling of staying at a hostel, elderly have to adjust in their daily life, follow certain schedule, and so on. Yet, surprisingly, almost all respondents reported that the care and services available at old age home are good and they are satisfied with it. Due to family attachment, many respondents feel lonely. For instance, 56 percent of the respondents perceive that they are being left out by their family members. Hence, they would like to go back to their families. Despite the fact that more than two-fifths (44%) of the respondents know that they will have their last breath at the old age home. Whereas, half of the respondents said they are not certain about their future stay and 3 percent believe that very soon they will return to their homes. Almost all respondents are satisfied with the available facilities at the old age homes. Yet, the issues of uncomfortable living, loneliness, or similar unpleasant feeling is present among some of the respondents. These experiences are mostly due to the absence of family members in surrounding.
Development of a core outcome set for the evaluation of interventions to prevent COVID-19 in care homes (COS-COVID-PCARE Study)
Authors: Shepherd Victoria , Islam Ishrat , Wood Fiona , Williamson Paula R , Goodman Claire , Bath Philip M , Thompson Carl , Knapp Martin , Gordon Adam L , Hood Kerenza
Published: April 2022

Background
People living in care homes have experienced devastating impact from COVID-19. As interventions to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 are developed and evaluated, there is an urgent need for researchers to agree on the outcomes used when evaluating their effectiveness. Having an agreed set of outcomes that are used in all relevant trials can ensure that study results can be compared.
Objective
The aim of the study was to develop a core outcome set (COS) for trials assessing the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for preventing COVID-19 infection and transmission in care homes.
Methods
The study used established COS methodology. A list of candidate outcomes was identified by reviewing registered trials to evaluate interventions to prevent COVID-19 in care homes. Seventy key stakeholders participated in a Delphi survey, rating the candidate outcomes on a nine-point scale over two rounds, with the opportunity to propose additional outcomes. Stakeholders included care home representatives (n = 19), healthcare professionals (n = 20), people with personal experience of care homes (n = 7), researchers (n = 15) and others (n = 9). Outcomes were eligible for inclusion if they met an a priori threshold. A consensus meeting with stakeholders resulted in agreement of the final outcome set.
Results
Following the Delphi and consensus meeting, twenty-four outcomes were recommended for inclusion. These are grouped across four domains of infection, severity of illness, mortality, and those specific to interventions. Due to the considerable heterogeneity between care homes, residents, and interventions, the relevance and importance of outcomes may differ between trial contexts. Intervention specific outcomes would be included only where relevant to a given trial, thus reducing the measurement burden.
Conclusion
Using a rapid response approach, a COS for COVID-19 prevention interventions in care homes has been developed. Future work should focus on identifying instruments for measuring these outcomes, and the interpretation and application of the COS across different trial contexts. Beyond COVID-19, the outcomes identified in this COS may have relevance to other infectious diseases in care homes, and the rapid response approach may be useful as preparation for future pandemics.