bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Tourism Supply Chain and ICT Role in Sustainable Consumption
and Production Hospitality
Authors: Viswanathan Pallikkara
Published: March 2021

In the supply chain, the importance of having tourism is that all the components are resolved to generate revenue, cash, facts, and reliability among the consumer’s customers in the supply chain. The supply chain comprises suppliers of goods, and services that go into the delivery of tourism providing the consumers, and this also includes the tour operators, the agents, the various supporters, suppliers, ground handlers, accommodation providers in the tourism industry connected with the supply chain. Tourism supply chain has many components, (as they are called components in manufacturing) which include accommodation, transport, excursion, restaurants, handicrafts, food preparers, waste disposal, and the infrastructure that support tourism, to destinations where they are required. Tourism like all supply chains operates through business to business, and is applied to deliver sustainable performance improvement, in which management plays an important role, with good financial performance in the supply chain. In supply chain the much use of consumable goods have bought in reduction, reuse, re-cycle, approach, with good services, green disposal in the destination required, improve waste management, tourism development facilities, as they have been compelled to have adequate treatment facilities, with the concept for disposal solid, wet waste, re-cycle, water facilities for washable purposes, to give full prevention, protection in tourism supply chain. In supply chain the objective of the study is to analyze the association between supply chain management of tourism industry, from the context of various other industries, consider the strategic importance in supply chain, sharing with the partnership for information, with the sharing of the quality of information, which coincide with some of the unique key factors in tourism industry. A tourism supply chain can be identified upon analyzing the contribution of participants in the value chain, while supply chain in tourism which can be defined as complete evaluation for several reasons of performances, for considering the importance in tourism chain, as unit of performance, tourism can be characterized based on the potential of the tourism organization, the attraction within the location, as tourism chain is unique, in parlance to beauty, considering interaction between different industries. To maintain and manage such uniqueness, and prepare characteristics, each tourism supply chain may need different approval, and analysis in the tourism supply chain.
OS DIREITOS AUTORAIS DOS PROFESSORES NA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NO ENSINO A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Baltazar da Silva Berinaldo , Ramalho Lefone Fatima , Almeida dos Santos Ivanilton
Published: March 2021

O estudo dos Direitos Autorais e os Direitos Conexos é uma busca fascinante, tanto pela sua complexidade, e ao mesmo tempo, a importância da difusão desse ramo da ciência jurídica, embora a sua existência ultrapasse um século, pouco são os estudiosos que dedicam e debruçam sobre o tema. O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro regulamentou com precisão a proteção aos direitos autorais e ao direito moral dos autores na década de setenta, sendo certo que, com o advento tecnológico foi necessário à revisão da norma em 1998 e posteriormente em 2013. Com a criação e aprovação por parte do Ministério da Educação dos cursos na modalidade EAD faz-se
necessário trazer a luz o respeito aos direitos patrimoniais e morais dos docentes, os conteúdos acadêmicos produzidos pelos docentes são obras científicas, e tão logo as mesmas são bens tutelados pelo direito brasileiro, direitos estes assegurados na Constituição Federal e na Lei de Direitos Autorais – LDA, a sua violação é tipificada no artigo 184 do Código Penal, passivo de punição aos infratores. Na qualidade de pesquisadores não podemos nos esquivar na busca pela proteção dos Direitos Autorais e Direitos Morais da produção científica. Além das leis, existem os tratados internacionais em que o Brasil é signatário.
Sensitivity of modeled Indian monsoon to Chinese and Indian aerosol emissions
Authors: Sherman Peter , Gao Meng , Song Shaojie , Archibald Alex T. , Abraham Nathan Luke , Lamarque Jean-François , Shindell Drew , Faluvegi Gregory , McElroy Michael B.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The South Asian summer monsoon supplies over 80 % of India's
precipitation. Industrialization over the past few decades has resulted in
severe aerosol pollution in India. Understanding monsoonal sensitivity to
aerosol emissions in general circulation models (GCMs) could improve
predictability of observed future precipitation changes. The aims here are
(1) to assess the role of aerosols in India's monsoon precipitation and (2)
to determine the roles of local and regional emissions. For (1), we study
the Precipitation Driver Response Model Intercomparison Project experiments.
We find that the precipitation response to changes in black carbon is highly
uncertain with a large intermodel spread due in part to model differences in
simulating changes in cloud vertical profiles. Effects from sulfate are
clearer; increased sulfate reduces Indian precipitation, a consistency
through all of the models studied here. For (2), we study bespoke
simulations, with reduced Chinese and/or Indian emissions in three GCMs. A
significant increase in precipitation (up to ∼20 %) is
found only when both countries' sulfur emissions are regulated, which has
been driven in large part by dynamic shifts in the location of convective
regions in India. These changes have the potential to restore a portion of
the precipitation losses induced by sulfate forcing over the last few
decades.
Radionuclide contamination in flood sediment deposits in the coastal
rivers draining the main radioactive pollution plume of Fukushima
Prefecture, Japan (2011–2020)
Authors: Evrard Olivier , Chartin Caroline , Laceby J. Patrick , Onda Yuichi , Wakiyama Yoshifumi , Nakao Atsushi , Cerdan Olivier , Lepage Hugo , Jaegler Hugo , Vandromme Rosalie , Lefèvre Irène , Bonté Philippe
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Artificial radionuclides including radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) and radiosilver (110mAg) were released into the environment following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. These particle-bound substances deposited on soils of Northeastern Japan located predominantly within a ~3000 km2 radioactive fallout plume and drained by several coastal rivers to the Pacific Ocean. The current dataset that can be accessed at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.928594 compiles gamma-emitting artificial radionuclide activities measured in 782 sediment samples collected from 27 to 71 locations during 16 fieldwork campaigns conducted in Japan between November 2011 and November 2020 in river catchments draining the main radioactive plume. This database may be useful to evaluate and anticipate the post-accidental redistribution of radionuclides in the environment and for the spatial validation of models simulating the transfer of radiocesium across continental landscapes.
Evaluation of regional climate models ALARO-0 and REMO2015 at 0.22° resolution over the CORDEX Central Asia domain
Authors: Top Sara , Kotova Lola , De Cruz Lesley , Aniskevich Svetlana , Bobylev Leonid , De Troch Rozemien , Gnatiuk Natalia , Gobin Anne , Hamdi Rafiq , Kriegsmann Arne , Remedio Armelle Reca , Sakalli Abdulla , Van De Vyver Hans , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , Zandersons Viesturs , De Maeyer Philippe , Termonia Piet , Caluwaerts Steven
Published: March 2021

Abstract. To allow for climate impact studies on human and natural systems,
high-resolution climate information is needed. Over some parts of the world
plenty of regional climate simulations have been carried out, while in other
regions hardly any high-resolution climate information is available. The CORDEX
Central Asia domain is one of these regions, and this article describes the
evaluation for two regional climate models (RCMs), REMO and ALARO-0, that
were run for the first time at a horizontal resolution of 0.22∘
(25 km) over this region. The output of the ERA-Interim-driven RCMs is
compared with different observational datasets over the 1980–2017 period.
REMO scores better for temperature, whereas the ALARO-0 model
prevails for precipitation. Studying specific subregions provides deeper
insight into the strengths and weaknesses of both RCMs over the CAS-CORDEX
domain. For example, ALARO-0 has difficulties in simulating the temperature
over the northern part of the domain, particularly when snow cover is
present, while REMO poorly simulates the annual cycle of precipitation over
the Tibetan Plateau. The evaluation of minimum and maximum temperature
demonstrates that both models underestimate the daily temperature range.
This study aims to evaluate whether REMO and ALARO-0 provide reliable
climate information over the CAS-CORDEX domain for impact modeling and
environmental assessment applications. Depending on the evaluated season and variable, it is demonstrated that the produced climate data can be used in several subregions, e.g., temperature and precipitation over western Central Asia in autumn. At the same time, a bias adjustment is required for regions
where significant biases have been identified.
A versatile method for computing optimized snow albedo from
spectrally fixed radiative variables: VALHALLA v1.0
Authors: Veillon Florent , Dumont Marie , Amory Charles , Fructus Mathieu
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In climate models, the snow albedo scheme generally calculates only a narrowband or broadband albedo, which leads to significant uncertainties. Here, we present the Versatile ALbedo calculation metHod based on spectrALLy fixed radiative vAriables (VALHALLA, version 1.0), to optimize spectral snow albedo calculation. For this optimization, the energy absorbed by the snowpack is calculated by the spectral albedo model Two-streAm Radiative TransfEr in Snow (TARTES) and the spectral irradiance model Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART). This calculation takes into account the spectral characteristics of the incident radiation and the optical properties of the snow, based on an analytical approximation of the radiative transfer of snow. For this method, 30 wavelengths, called tie points (tps), and 16 reference irradiance profiles are calculated to incorporate the absorbed energy and the reference irradiance. The absorbed energy is then interpolated for each wavelength between two tps with adequate kernel functions derived from radiative transfer theory for snow and the atmosphere. We show that the accuracy of the absorbed energy calculation primarily depends on the adaptation of the irradiance of the reference profile to that of the simulation (absolute difference
Rainbow colors distort and mislead research in hydrology –
guidance for better visualizations and science communication
Authors: Stoelzle Michael , Stein Lina
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Nowadays color in scientific visualizations is standard and extensively used to group, highlight or delineate different parts of data in visualizations. The rainbow color map (also known as jet color map) is famous for its appealing use of the full visual spectrum with impressive changes in chroma and luminance. Beside attracting attention, science has for decades criticized the rainbow color map for its non-linear and erratic change of hue and luminance along the data variation. The missed uniformity causes a misrepresentation of data values and flaws in science communication. The rainbow color map is scientifically incorrect and hardly decodable for a considerable number of people due to color-vision deficiency (CVD) or other vision impairments. Here we aim to raise awareness how widely used the rainbow color maps still is in hydrology. To this end we perform a paper survey scanning for color issues in around 1000 scientific publications in three different journals including papers published between 2005 and 2020. In this survey, depending on the journal, 16–24 % of the publications have a rainbow color map and around the same ratio of papers (18–29 %) use red-green elements often in a way that color is the only possibility to decode the visualized groups of data. Given these shares, there is a 99.6 % chance to pick at least one visual problematic publication in 10 randomly chosen papers from our survey. To overcome the use of the rainbow color maps in science, we propose some tools and techniques focusing on improvement of typical visualization types in hydrological science. Consequently, color should be used with more care to highlight most important aspects of a visualization and the identification of correct data types such as categorical or sequential data is essential to pick appropriate color maps. We give guidance how to avoid, improve and trust and color in a proper and scientific way. Finally, we sketch a way to improve the communication of rainbow flaws between different status groups in science, publishers, and the media.
Sinking microplastics in the water column: simulations in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: de la Fuente Rebeca , Drótos Gábor , Hernández-García Emilio , López Cristóbal , van Sebille Erik
Published: March 2021

Abstract. We study the vertical dispersion and distribution of negatively
buoyant rigid microplastics within a realistic circulation
model of the Mediterranean sea. We first propose an equation
describing their idealized dynamics. In that framework, we
evaluate the importance of some relevant physical effects (inertia, Coriolis force, small-scale turbulence and
variable seawater density), and we bound the relative error of
simplifying the dynamics to a constant sinking velocity added
to a large-scale velocity field. We then calculate the amount
and vertical distribution of microplastic particles on the
water column of the open ocean if their release from the sea
surface is continuous at rates compatible with observations in
the Mediterranean. The vertical distribution is found to be
almost uniform with depth for the majority of our
parameter range. Transient distributions from flash releases
reveal a non-Gaussian character of the dispersion and various
diffusion laws, both normal and anomalous. The origin of these
behaviors is explored in terms of horizontal and vertical flow
organization.
Sistem Informasi Penjadwalan Petugas Ibadah Dan Kehadiran Jemaat Sektor 3 di Gereja Hebron Protestan Samarinda
Authors: Saputra Veronaldo Yoga , Yulianto  , Hertianti Erina
Published: March 2021

Pembuatan aplikasi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh belum maksimalnya penjadwalan ibadah, khususnya dalam penjadwalan ibadah saat ini yang masih manual dengan buku yang bernama warta jemaat yang di dapatkan usai melakukan ibadah minggu, dari jemaat yang kurang mendapatkan informasi tersebut, aplikasi ini bisa memudahkan jemaat untuk mengetahui jadwal ibadah dengan sangat mudah. Tujuan dalam skripsi ini adalah merancang dan membuat aplikasi    sistem yang dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan jemaat melihat jadwal ibadah sektor 3 dan merancang suatu sistem berbasis web yang dapat dimengerti dengan mudah oleh jemaat. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah memudahkan jemaat sektor 3 untuk melihat jadwal ibadah secara online.
Sistem Informasi Geografis Pemetaan Tempat Kos Di Samarinda Berbasis Web
Authors: Kambuno Natalia Bunga , Sari Wahyuni Eka , Arifin Dawamul
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketersediaan  informasi  yang  sangat  terbatas  mengenai  lokasi  tempat  kos yang menyebabkan mahasiswa baru  cenderung  tidak  memiliki  informasi  yang  akurat  dan  relevan  sehingga  tidak mengetahui  lokasi mana  yang memiliki tempat  kos dengan  biaya terjangkau,  dekat  tempat kuliah, tempat kerja, atau lembaga pendidikan. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membangun sebuah aplikasi sistem informasi geografis pemetaan tempat kos berbasis web yang informatif dan menarik sehingga dapat memudahkan para pengguna khususnya mahasiswa baru yang ingin melakukan pencarian kos disekitar area Perguruan Tinggi seperti Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda (POLITANI), Politeknik Negeri Samarinda (POLNES), dan Universitas Mulawarman 1 (UNMUL) di Jl. Kuaro, Gn. Kelua, Kec. Samarinda Ulu, Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur. Hasil penelitian Sistem Informasi Geografis Pemetaan Tempat Kos berbasis Web ini dapat memberikan informasi untuk mempermudah pengguna menemukan lokasi kos dan informasi lainnya seperti fasilitas, harga, nomor HP, alamat, dan ukuran kamar kos.
"Your hair looks great": Variación cultural, social y situational en el uso del halago
Authors: Fernández García Francisco
Published: March 2021

En el marco de un proyecto investigador de mayor envergadura dedicado al análisis de la variación cultural, social y situacional de la (des)cortesía en hablantes españoles e ingleses, el presente trabajo analiza la existencia de posibles patrones de variación en el uso del halago, así como el modo en que dichos factores de variación se cruzan y modulan recíprocamente, o la posible existencia de tendencias transculturales. Los resultados vienen a desmentir la extendida opinión acerca del peso abiertamente superior del halago en la cultura española frente a la inglesa, si bien desvelan patrones de uso culturalmente diferenciados; en el plano de la variación social, por su parte, se confirma el perfil principalmente femenino de este acto de habla; y, en el plano de la variación situacional, por último, se comprueba su menor aparición a mayor formalidad del contexto, si bien con importantes matices diferenciadores en función de la cultura y el sexo del hablante.
Universality and cultural variation in the conceptualisation of love via metaphors, metonymies and cultural scripts: The case of Montenegrin
Authors: Perović Slavica , Vuković-Stamatović Milica
Published: March 2021

This paper studies the conceptualisation of love by the Montenegrin student population, via conceptual metaphors, metonymies and related concepts, as well as through the lenses of cultural scripts. The corpus with the conceptual instantiations was collected using a sentence-completion elicitation questionnaire, which was administered to Montenegrin university students. The aim was to identify the cognitive model of love of the targeted population, and to determine the level of universality and cultural variation of the conceptualisations identified. The results suggest that the level of universality and culture-specificity depends on how generally we define the conceptualisation – the superordinate-level, i.e. more general and abstract metaphors displayed more universality, whereas more cultural specificity was likely to be found in the basic-level metaphors, i.e. narrower metaphors.
La sensibilidad a las claves lingüísticas y el uso del género gramatical en español: un estudio con niños diagnosticados con Trastorno Evolutivo del Lenguaje
Authors: Ogneva Anastasiia
Published: March 2021

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio experimental sobre la adquisición del género gramatical en español por parte de niños diagnosticados con Trastorno Evolutivo del Lenguaje (TEL). En una tarea de elicitación, 60 niños hispanohablantes (12 con TEL y 48 con desarrollo típico (DT) del lenguaje) tenían que asignar el género gramatical a los sustantivos inventados que presentaban diferentes combinaciones de claves lingüísticas. Los hallazgos reflejan diferencias tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas en el uso del género gramatical entre los grupos de participantes, indicando que los niños se encuentran en diferentes etapas del desarrollo. Además, los resultados demuestran que los niños con TEL son sensibles a algunas claves masculinas, dado que utilizan este género con mayor precisión cuando disponen de más claves. En cuanto al femenino, a pesar de que los niños con TEL no lo utilizan significativamente mejor cuando disponen de dos claves en concordancia, se observan más respuestas correctas en este caso.
Alternancia de adjetivos, adverbios y grupos preposicionales en la expresión de la circunstancia de manera
Authors: Prendes Alvargonzález Lucía
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo estudia el uso del sustantivo con preposición, el adjetivo y el adverbio en relación con la sustancia significativa de manera. Para ello se ha tenido en cuenta, principalmente, el tipo de verbo con el que se combinan, tanto desde el punto de vista de su transitividad o intransitividad, como desde la perspectiva semántica de la clasificación de los eventos. Por un lado, hemos cuantificado su frecuencia de uso dependiendo de la incidencia: hacia el sujeto, el objeto o la acción; por otro, con la intención de estudiar hasta qué punto existe equivalencia significativa entre adjetivos (Entró cauteloso), adverbios (Entró cautelosamente) y sustantivos con preposición (Entró con cautela), hemos aplicado a unidades de las tres categorías las pruebas de los complementos de manera y de los predicativos descriptivos.
La expresión del ofrecimiento y la petición en aprendices de español de L1 portugués
Authors: Sampedro Mella María
Published: March 2021

En esta investigación se analiza la adquisición de la competencia pragmática en el español L2 en una muestra de aprendices de L1 portugués, a través de dos actos de habla recíprocos: el ofrecimiento y la petición. Tras examinar la expresión de estos actos en dos muestras independientes de hablantes nativos de español castellano y de portugués europeo, se ha procedido al estudio contrastivo de la interlengua de 70 estudiantes portugueses de español como lengua extranjera (ELE) de niveles A2 y B2. Los datos obtenidos nos han permitido identificar las variaciones entre los dos niveles en el desarrollo comunicativo de los aprendices de ELE, comprobar las diferencias que existen entre el español L1 y L2, revisar las estrategias lingüísticas y pragmáticas que transfieren de la lengua nativa a la lengua meta y analizar los recursos que utilizan en el español L2 para la expresión de estos dos actos de habla.
Simple vs. complex transitive constructions in the acquisition of English structures
Authors: Sánchez Calderón Silvia
Published: March 2021

This study examines the acquisition of English simple monotransitive and complex dative alternation (DA) structures (double object constructions (DOC) and to/for-datives) in the longitudinal spontaneous production of monolingual children. In order to address these issues, we analyzed data from twelve English monolingual children and from adults’ child-directed speech, as available in CHILDES (MacWhinney, 2000). The findings revealed that simple monotransitive constructions started being produced earlier and showed a higher incidence when compared to complex DA constructions, which suggests that the degree of syntactic complexity has had an effect on the acquisition of transitives. However, the two complex DA constructions emerged at an approximately similar age, which could be explained by the Case assigning related properties. Furthermore, the chronological progression and the difference regarding the incidence of the three constructions (monotransitives > DOCs > to/for-datives) could be attributed to the amount of exposure to these structures in the adult input.
Análisis multimodal de los principales géneros académicos en la formación del profesional y técnico en Enfermería
Authors: Velásquez Lilian , Burdiles Gina
Published: March 2021

Este estudio examina el componente multimodal de los principales géneros académicos presentes en la formación de Técnico en Enfermería y Enfermería. Se busca: a) identificar los principales géneros discursivos utilizados en la formación de ambas carreras; b) distinguir los principales artefactos multisemióticos presentes en dichos géneros; c) analizar las relaciones de coherencia entre los modos verbal y gráfico que caracterizan a estos géneros, usando la RST. Se recolectó y construyó un corpus de textos académicos usados en el proceso de formación. Los resultados indican preeminencia de los géneros presentación de clase, guía didáctica y artículo de investigación, además de los artefactos “ilustración” y “tabla”, así como también la relación de “elaboración”. Estos datos permiten sostener que los artefactos multisemióticos son altamente dependientes del género discursivo en que aparecen contribuyendo coherentemente a la construcción del texto, mientras que las relaciones de coherencia están reguladas por patrones sistemáticos que cada disciplina determina.
Performance and Obstacles of SMEs: An Empirical Evidence from BRICS Countries
Authors: Noshad Madiha , Amjad Mariam , Shafiq Muhammad Nouman , Gillani Seemab
Published: March 2021

This study empirically examines the performance and obstacles of SMEs in BRICS economies. For empirical evaluation, Ordinary Least Square technique has applied by taking the time period between “2000-2017”. Performance has taken as dependent variable and obstacles; firm characteristics and global factor have taken as explanatory variables. Estimated results show that ownership and size have a positive impact on SMEs growth and performance. Age has a negative and significant impact on the performance and growth of SMEs. Technology has a positive and significant impact on the performance of SMEs. Obstacles i.e. courts, crime, access to finance, practices of competitors and electricity has a negative and significant impact on the performance of SMEs. Access to land, infrastructure and workforce has a positive and significant impact on SMEs performance.  It becomes very important for the policymakers or investigators to pay attention towards making SMEs more competent, capable and productive in order to attain the goal of sustainable development and progress.
The Impact of Personal Traits of the Consumers on their Impulsive Buying Behavior of Pakistan
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Hashmi Dr. Arshia , Ahmad Dr. Azeem
Published: March 2021

Impulsive buying is considered most idiosyncratic and persistence phenomena of consumer lifestyle and also get the intentions of the consumers nowadays. Thus, the aim of the current study is to examine the role of personal traits of the consumer such as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism on their impulsive buying behavior. The purpose also include the investigation of mediating role of positive mood of the consumers among the nexus of personal traits of the consumer and their impulsive buying behavior. The data has been gathered by using questionnaires while SPSS and smart-PLS have been employed for analysis. The results exposed that openness, extraversion, and agreeableness have positive association with consumer impulsive buying behavior. The findings also exposed that positive mood of the consumers positively mediates among the nexus of consumer traits such as openness, and extraversion and impulsive buying behavior. These findings also suitable for the regulators that they should improve their focus on consumer personal traits that should improve the impulsive buying behavior and also enhance the firm performance.
The Effect of Health Infrastructure, Adult Literacy, and Household Characteristics on Antenatal Care (ANC) Coverage in Punjab (Pakistan)
Authors: Ahmad Tusawar Iftikhar , Shafiq Saima , Kiran Kokab , Alamgir Amna
Published: March 2021

Objective: The present study is a cross district analysis of the effect of health infrastructure, adult literacy, and household characteristics on antenatal care (ANC) use in Punjab (Pakistan).

Data and Methodology: The unit of analysis is a district. By covering a panel of 35 districts of Punjab, the study has collected the yearly data for the time period 2010 to 2016. The percentage of pregnant women of reproductive age received ANC services in each district is taken as dependent variable. Health physical infrastructure, adult literacy rate, and the percentage of households: having own house, using improved sanitation facilities, and receiving remittances from abroad are taken as explanatory variables. The study used panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to estimate the effects of the explanatory variables on antenatal care.  

Results: Ranking of the districts on the basis of ANC coverage shows that amongst the 34 districts of Punjab province, Bahawalnagar, Rajan pur, Pakpattan, Kasur, Bahawalpur, and Rahim Yar Khan districts are at the bottom with the lowest use of ANC services by the pregnant mothers. The GMM estimates show that health physical infrastructure, adult literacy rate, and the percentage of households having their own house are positively and significantly affecting the ANC use in Punjab-Pakistan. Hence confirming the healthcare services utilization framework of Andesen and Newman (2005) which explains that formal healthcare system (health physical infrastructure), predisposing factors (adult literacy rate), and enabling factors (households having their own houses) significantly matter in fostering better use of healthcare services.

Conclusion: The study advocates the need for investment in health physical infrastructure as well as in overall literacy. At the same time, it suggests that for the better coverage of ANC the geographical targeting can result into better outcomes.
Using of Smart Contracts in Logistic Information Systems Services and the Ways to Review it
Authors: Besoul Khaldoun , Halaybeh Ayman Nayef Al , Salaimeh Safwan al
Published: March 2021

There are many changes related to the development of the Internet and e-business, which significantly impact the logistics sector's service sectors. Electronic logistics is not a new segment or a new standard in the classification process for logistics companies. It leads to the development and improvement of a wide range of logistics services. Blockchain technologies can be used to improve and develop services, which are an integral part of this evolution. This research sheds light on the mechanism and application of these technologies in logistics services and the extent of their impact on logistical activities where some technical aspects of Blockchain are studied in detail, including smart contracts that use the Ethereum platform as an example.
Impact Of Psychological Empowerment On Employee’s Performance
Authors: Hameed Abdul , Waheed Abdul
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of psychological empowerment on employee’s performance. A questionnaire used in order to collect data on the factors, which affect employee’s performance from employees of banks and university teachers of Bahawalnagar and Bahawalpur of Punjab Pakistan. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, consisting of 20 items, divided into four parts designed. Different cities of district Bahawalnagar in Pakistan selected on random sampling basis. A total 200 questionnaires circulated, and we receive 200 and the response rate was 100 %. The data collected and analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression, ANOVA independent sample T test the study covered 200 participants of different cities of Bahawalnagar. We can say that that all the variables have moderate positive correlation according to correlation results. The descriptive statistics result shows that respondents are agree to our questions. And regression analysis which tells us how intensely an independent variable impact on depended variable shows that empowerment factors like meaningfulness, authority and self effectiveness has impact on employee’s performance. The major limitation of this study is that it covers employees of banks of few cities only. Another limitation of this study is that other variables of psychological empowerment have also impact on employee’s performance not included due to shortage of time.
Response of Livestock Farmers to Institutional Credit Use in Pakistan: A Case Study of Bahawalnagar District
Authors: Ahmad Tusawar Iftikhar , Raza Kashif , Saif Asad
Published: March 2021

Substantial dependence on agricultural production is amongst the common characteristics of developing economies. In such an economic milieu, properutilization of institutional credit—provided to livestock farmers—could reap multiple benefits for the farming communities. The present study aimed toanswer that how come social, economic, and geographical context of a livestock farmer might or might not cause to happen the proper utilization of agriculturalcredit gained. For empirical analysis, primary information was collected from a sample of 143 farmers residing in the selected district (Bahawalnagar) ofsouthern Punjab. In determining a farmer’s response toward credit use, descriptive statistics exhibited a clear role of the gender and geographical areaof the farmer; whereas the findings estimated through logistic regression signified the livestock income, off-farm income, and the herd size as the keycredit-use-determinants. The study suggests that for a loaning institute, prior information about a farmer’s income diversification may serve as a proxy topredict his/her credit-use response. In order to improve credit use efficiency, the study also favors the adoption of gender-specific and area-specific approachesfor agricultural credit disbursement.
FORMULASI DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS SEDIAAN MOUTHWASH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Zulham Zulham
Published: March 2021

Daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) telah banyak digunakan masyarakat sebagai tanaman obat. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya daun kersen mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Plak gigi merupakan lapisan bening dan lengket yang terjadi akibat bergabungnya bakteri yang merugikan terutama bakteri Streptococcus mutans, sisa-sisa makanan dan saliva hingga terjadi pengerasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan daun kersen dalam bentuk sediaan mouthwash serta menguji stabilitas fisiknya dan untuk mengetahui efektivitas sediaan mouthwash ekstrak etanol daun kersen terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans penyebab plak. Pengujian efektivitas menggunakan metode difusi menggunakan pencadang. Ekstrak yang diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan cairan penyari etanol 96%. Formula dibuat dalam tiga variasi konsentrasi daun kersen yaitu 1%, 3%, dan 5% sebagai zat aktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ekstrak etanol daun kersen dapat dibuat dalam bentuk sedian mouthwash  yang stabil secara fisik yaitu pada formula I konsentrasi ekstrak 1% diuji efektivitas sebagai sediaan mouthwash terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans dengan hasil diameter zona hambat sebesar 8,9 mm.
SENSITIVITAS BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS PADA UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK KULIT DAUN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe barbadensis Miller)
Authors: Hepiyansori Hepiyansori
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini untuk menguji daya hambat dari ekstrak kulit daun lidah buaya (Aloe barbadensis Miller) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphlococcus aureus. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kulit daun lidah buaya sebanyak 400 gram yang diambil secara puposive sampling. Dengan metode penelitian deskriptif observasional, dengan konsentrasi ekstrak kulit daun lidah buaya 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100%. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kulit daun lidah buaya dengan konsentrasi 20% menghasilkan 10.1 mm, 40% menghasilkan 11 mm, 60% menghasilkan 12 mm, 80% menghasilkan 13 mm dan 100% menghasilkan 14 mm, kontrol positif (+) Chloramphenicol menghasilkan 65 mm, sedangkan kontrol negatif (-) tidak menghasilkan zona hambat. Disimpulkan dari hasil pengujian menunjukan adanya senyawa aktif yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
GAMBARAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERLIPIDEMIA PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI RSHD KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Fauziah Dewi Winni
Published: March 2021

Hiperlipidemia merupakan suatu  keadaan terjadinya peningkatan kolesterol dan trigliserida diatas batas normal. Prevalensi penyakit hiperlipidemia meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Angka kejadian penyakit Hiperlipidemia masih cukup tinggi dan bahkan cenderung meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  gambaran penggunaan obat antihiperlipidemia pada pasien rawat jalan di RSHD Kota Bengkulu.       Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan merupakan data sekunder berupa rekam medis dan resep pada periode Januari sampai Juni 2020, kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara deskritif.        Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa obat yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu obat tunggal golongan Statin (Simvastatin) sebanyak 74 pasien (57,81%). Pasien hiperlipidemia lebih banyak ditemukan pada pasien dengan jenis kelamin perempuan yakni 74 pasien (57,81%), dengan rentang usia tertinggi yaitu 57-72 tahun sebanyak 67 pasien (52,34%), latar belakang  pekerjaan tertinggi sebagai  pensiunan sebanyak 48 pasien (35,94%) dan  sebagian besar  pasien  memiliki  latar  belakang  pendidikan terakhir  perguruan  tinggi sebanyak 46 pasien (35,94%).Kata kunci       : Hiperlipidemia, Antihiperlipidemia, Statin, Fibrat, Kolestrol
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TWO STAY TWO STRAY (TS-TS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 9 BULUKUMBA
Authors: Nurlaelah Nurlaelah
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui penerapan pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TS-TS) dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris Siswa Kelas SMA Negeri 9 Bulukumba dan untuk mengetahui Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 9 Bulukumba Mattoanging Kabupaten Sinjai dapat meningkat melalui penerapan pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TS-TS). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) ini dilalksanakan di SMA Negeri 9 Bulukumba. Adapun subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 9 Bulukumba yang berjumlah sebanyak 35 siswa yang terdiri dari 14 siswa laki-laki dan 21 siswa perempuan. Dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrument: 1) Wawancara; 2) Obeservasi/ pengamatan; 3) Dokumentasi; 4) Tes. Jenis analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data kualitatif dan analisis data kuantitatif. Indikator keberhasilan dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini terdiri dari indicator keberhasilan proses dan indikator keberhasilan hasil. Indikator proses adalah penelitian ini dikatakan berhasil jika 70 persen atau lebih, dari jumlah siswa yang mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan kategori baik (B). Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan penelitian dalam penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa melalui penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TS-TS) yang dilaksanakan dua siklus, maka peneliti memperoleh kesimpulan, bahwa dengan menerapkan pembelajaran koperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TS-TS) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa di kelas X SMA Negeri 9 Bulukumba.
Implementation of a drive-through testing clinic in Qatar for residents having recently returned from a country with a COVID-19 travel warning
Authors: Alinier Guillaume , Morris Brendon , Abu Junaid , Al Shaikh Loua , Owen Rob
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused chaos around the world. At the onset of the virus’ detection in the State of Qatar, a free-testing system was rapidly established to invite individuals who had recently returned from countries with a COVID-19 disease travel warning to avoid putting other people at risk. The testing site needed to be accessible to individuals without requiring them to enter the hospital and congregate in a waiting area. The aim of this article is to share our experience with the early implementation of a drive-through testing clinic using the invited person's vehicle as an isolation compartment during screening to minimize person-to-person contamination.

Methods: A Hamad Medical Corporation site was selected to stage a drive-through testing facility to avoid congestion and offer space to facilitate the process. A process was rapidly agreed upon, and staff received the required training regarding infection control measures and documentation. At the testing site, individuals were subjected to the following steps: registration and history taking, temperature measurement, swabbing, and receipt of a sick leave certificate and a flyer about self-quarantine.

Results: Over the first six days of implementation, the relevant authorities determined that 687 individuals had to be contacted, 103 attended their testing appointment in that period, and an additional 327 people (close relations of the individuals contacted or individuals contacted but without a health card) also subjected themselves to the testing process, which took a median time of 11 minutes 39 seconds. No individual exhibited symptoms that warranted immediate isolation while they were at the drive-through testing clinic. However, four individuals were diagnosed with COVID-19 following laboratory analysis of the swab taken and followed up. The median time between swab collection and laboratory testing was 13 hours 41 minutes 59 seconds.

Conclusions: Collaboration among various key health, governmental, and travel industry partners was essential to the successful and rapid implementation of a COVID-19 drive-through testing clinic in the early days of the pandemic in Qatar. The general public reacted well to this process. Communication, coordination, and planning were identified as critical factors at every step of the process. It started from the initial call to the travelers who had recently returned from a country with a newly instituted travel warning and concluded by them leaving with their sick leave certificate and an information flyer with reminders about preventative infection control measures and encouraging them to self-quarantine after having been swabbed.
Metabolic syndrome among adults in Qatar: A review of the literature across medical specialties
Authors: Omar Nadia , Dimassi Darine El , Chandra Prem , Hammoudeh Samer
Published: March 2021

This study aims to collate all metabolic syndrome-related studies among adults in Qatar, shedding light on gaps in knowledge related to this topic to be addressed in future research studies. PubMed was used in searching for metabolic syndrome-related articles in Qatar, which was executed using relevant terms and was conducted with no restrictions. A second search was executed at a later stage to include any recent publications. A total of 20 articles were found to be relevant and related to the topic in hand. Three definitions of metabolic syndrome were used across the reviewed studies, which were classified based on medical specialties. The main findings and key components of each study were summarized. Studies were unevenly distributed across various medical specialties. This article serves to direct future research activities by identifying what aspects of the disease have been covered under current or past research projects and what more needs to be addressed comprehensively in view of clinical and public health significance.
Correlation of Dietary Intake and Helicobacter pylori Infection with Multiple Sclerosis, a Case-Control Study in Rafsanjan, Iran, 2017–18
Authors: Kiani Sara , Vakilian Alireza , Kamiab Zahra , Shamsizadeh Ali
Published: March 2021

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. Some environmental factors, such as Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI), are likely to be considered a protective factor in MS. Dietary intake may provide exposure to or have protective effects for MS. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between serum anti-H. pylori IgG antibody (HPIA) level and dietary intake in patients with MS referred to the MS Clinic in Rafsanjan city, Iran.

Methods: The present case-control study was conducted on 97 patients with MS and 95 controls. The two groups had no significant difference in age and gender (p > 0.05). HPIA was checked, and the food frequency questionnaire was completed in both groups to measure nutritional intake. All data were analyzed by the SPSS 20 software using independent t-test, Chi-Square, Mann–Whitney U test, and correlation.

Results: The median serum HPIA level was significantly lower in MS cases than in controls. Furthermore, the median consumption of glutamic acid, arginine, serine, aspartic acid, alanine, proline, and caffeine was significantly lower in MS cases than in controls. A significant positive correlation was found between the levels of linoleic acid, lactose, Ca, molybdenum, galactose, leucine, and valine, and the level of HPIA in controls.

Conclusion: Our study results demonstrated that some dietary nutrients had correlations with MS and HPI. Therefore, professionals from multiple disciplines must find which foods contain these dietary nutrients in future studies.
Water consumption and preliminary crop coefficients of two Populus ×canadensis clones (‘I-214’ and ‘I-488’) grown at low planting density
Authors: Cañete-Salinas Paulo , Zamudio Francisco , Yañez Marco , Valdés-Gómez Héctor , Espinosa Cristian , Venegas Jaime , Retamal Luis , Gyenge Javier , Acevedo-Opazo César
Published: March 2021

Aim of study: The productivity of poplar plantations in Mediterranean climates might be reduced due to lower precipitations in a climate change scenario. Therefore, understanding the water consumption in these plantations is essential for their management. The objective of this study was to estimate water consumption and preliminary crop coefficients (kc) of two universally used poplar clones (Populus x Canadensis ‘I-214’ and ‘I-488’).Area of study: Central Chile (36º 05 'LS; 72º 47' LW; 470 m.a.s.l.).Materials and methods: Commercial stands of poplar clones established in 2009 and 2010 at low density (6×6 m) were used to experiment during the 2016-2017 growing season. In each of them, water balance was measuring, by determining evaporation using micro lysimeters and transpiration using the sap flow. Additionally, the water status and the leaf area index (LAI) were measured to understand the behaviour of both clones.Main results: Although the water supplied to both clones was the same, the transpiration (T) was higher for ‘I-488’ than ‘I-214’, at those moments in which the evapotranspiration (ETr) and the vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was higher. On the other hand, differences were observed in plant water status, ‘I-488’ had more negative xilematic water potential (Ψx) compared to ‘I-214’. In turn, I-214 proved to have a higher Leaf Area Index (LAI) than I-488 and grew more during the season, refuting its greater efficiency.Research highlights: These results allow characterizing the water behaviour of both clones in Mediterranean climate condition, but it is necessary to extend the study to more seasons and different age ranges.Keywords: Crop coefficient; water consumption; water balance; poplar.
Modernising the Constitution - A Courts Act
Authors: McBain Graham
Published: March 2021

Modernising the Constitution - A Courts Act.