bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The adaptive impedance control with desired force fuzzy adjustment for underwater manipulator-compliant operation
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Han Pengyang , Liu Qunpo , Yang Jinxian , Li Shasha
Published: April 2024

To achieve versatile target grasping, ensure successful holding, and minimize potential damage to the target, we propose an adaptive impedance control method for underwater manipulators. This method entails establishing a force-tracking control system based on the position impedance model and identifying target impedance parameters using the recursive least squares method. By adjusting the grasping force’s desired value according to impedance parameters and manipulator characteristics, adaptive proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control is realized for the desired position. This adjustment process considers the error between the desired force and the environmental force, allowing the system to track different desired force signals while ensuring accurate position tracking. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conducted simulation with the MATLAB platform and experiment verification. The results demonstrate the adaptive impedance control method’s excellent position-tracking performance in both free and constrained spaces. The real-time adjustments of the desired force effectively accommodate various grasping targets, while the adaptive adjustment of the desired position enables precise tracking of the desired force value, eliminating static errors. Overall, the entire control system exhibits flexibility and robustness.
Finite-time resilient sliding mode control of UMV systems with stochastic actuator failures and DoS attacks
Authors: Huang Jiacheng , Ye Zehua , Ni Hongjie , Zhang Dan , Abdulaal Mohammed
Published: April 2024

This paper is concerned with resilient sliding mode control (SMC) of an unmanned marine vehicle (UMV) system in a finite-time stability (FTS) framework, where the networks designed for communication between an UMV and a land-based control station are subject to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and the actuators are affected by stochastic failures. First, a Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy approach is proposed to model a nonlinear UMV, and the stochastic actuator failure phenomenon is modeled as a continuous Markov process. Then, a new resilient SMC method is proposed to ensure the FTS of the UMV system subject to DoS attacks of different intensities. In addition, a partitioning strategy is introduced to ensure that the reaching motion and sliding mode motion satisfy the conditions of FTS. Theoretical analysis shows that the obtained closed-loop system can achieve FTS performance. Finally, the devised control strategy is confirmed by a simulated UMV system.
Regression of Endolymphatic Hydrops in Patient With Meniere’s Disease Treated With Vestibular Neurectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Jasińska-Nowacka Agnieszka , Wojciechowski Tomasz , Wnuk Emilia , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: April 2024

Vestibular neurectomy is an effective method eliminating vertigo attacks in patients suffering from disabling Meniere’s disease with no clinical improvement despite conservative and intratympanic therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging allows in vivo evaluation of changes manifesting in the inner ear after treatment; however, downgrading of the endolymphatic hydrops after vestibular neurectomy had not been previously described in the literature. In the present article, a case of a patient with unilateral severe Meniere’s disease treated with selective vestibular nerve section from middle fossa approach was described. Clinical symptoms and audiovestibular tests were evaluated before and 13 months after the surgery. Complete resolution of vertigo episodes and hearing preservation was achieved. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after the surgery using a 3 Tesla scanner with dedicated protocol after intravenous administration of gadolinium contrast agent. In the follow-up examination, regression of the cochlear and vestibular endolymphatic hydrops was visualized, which may suggest processes occurring in the labyrinth as a result of the vestibular efferent fibers section.
Unusual Case of Esophageal Foreign Body: A Whole Mantis Shrimp
Authors: Tai Junhu , Gao Kai , Huang Zhiwei , Zhan Bin
Published: April 2024

Esophageal foreign bodies (FBs) are one of the common emergencies in otolaryngology, usually involving objects accidentally swallowed, and generally do not result in severe respiratory distress. This article presents an extremely rare case of an esophageal FB, where a 44-year-old man accidentally ingested an entire mantis shrimp while sucking its flavored tail, and was sent to the emergency department for severe throat pain and difficulty breathing. We immediately performed a laryngoscopy that revealed the FB that obstructs the entrance of the esophagus, obstructing the glottis due to the long shape of the shrimp. The mantis shrimp had barbs on its shell and trying to remove it intact would cause significant damage to the pharyngeal mucosa. Therefore, we extracted the mantis shrimp in segments under general anesthesia and applied electrocoagulation to stop bleeding from the damaged and bleeding posterior pharyngeal mucosa. As an esophagography was performed the following day, there were no signs of esophageal perforation. Through the detailed description and analysis of this case, our aim is to raise clinical awareness among physicians of such rare occurrences. Most important, appropriate examination and procedures of FBs should be performed based on the type, shape, and location of the FB.
Chinese media production and fandom between queerbaiting and “survival instincts”
Authors: Zheng Xiqing
Published: April 2024

Using the term “queerbaiting,” I describe a set of media industry tactics that suggest queer relationships between fictional characters (or real-life celebrities) by intentional hints and jokes to attract audiences. Such tactics are used to encourage online participation by fans of female danmei (literary writings describing homoerotic relationships among male characters, generally written by female authors for a female-dominated audience) in China. By analyzing this strategy, I examine the intersection between three different cultural forces in the Chinese mediascape: the censorship of queer themes, the media industry’s attempts to profit from popular danmei stories, and fans who participate in online data labor. The heteronormative cultural environment in China turned so-called “queerbaiting” practices into a socially accepted and commercially profitable mental game denied of a physical outlet. The de-homoeroticized danmei media adaptations and the fandoms surrounding them show how the media industry and fans interact, negotiate and cooperate for their own interests.
Music-making facilitates acculturation and reduces acculturative stress: Evidence from a survey of migrants living in Germany
Authors: Chantah Jasmin , Frankenberg Emily , Kasanda Zora , Bongard Stephan
Published: April 2024

Beneficial effects of music on wellbeing and group cohesion are well established. Furthermore, participation in music groups has been shown to be associated with increased orientation to the host culture, while orientation to culture of origin appears to remain unaffected. In order to gain insight into the effects of music activities on acculturative stress in adult migrants, a group of musically active migrants to Germany ( n = 80) was compared with migrants who had never played a musical instrument ( n = 86). We saw that music group members ( n = 42) reported lower levels of acculturative stress and a stronger orientation to mainstream culture compared to participants who are not actively making music. The association between music group membership and acculturative stress was mediated by orientation to host culture. Solo-musicians ( n = 38) did not differ from group-musicians and musically non-active subjects. We found no differences in orientation to the culture of origin between the study groups. The findings suggest that (group) music making can support acculturation processes in migrants.
A comparative study on prophylactic efficacy of cinnarizine and amitriptyline in childhood migraine: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Olfat Mehrnaz , Hosseinpour Sareh , Masoumi Safdar , Gogia Rastogi Reena , Vance Hastriter Eric , Lewis Kara Stuart , Little Robert , T Karnik Kavitha , Hickman Carolyn , Heidari Morteza , Shervin Badv Reza , Mohammadi Mahmoud , Zamani Gholam Reza , Mohammadpour Masoud , Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza , Tavasoli Ali Reza
Published: April 2024

Background

Pediatric migraine prophylaxis is indicated when headaches are frequent and/or disabling. We aimed to conduct a study to compare the efficacy of cinnarizine and amitriptyline in pediatric migraine prophylaxis.

Methods

In a randomized, double-blind trial, patients aged 4–17 years with migraine who were eligible for prophylaxis enrolled. The primary outcome was a reduction response rate of ≥50% with p < 0.005 with respect to headache characteristics. The secondary outcome was migraine disability assessment. We evaluated patients every four weeks for three months: T1: week 4, T2: week 8 and T3: week 12. The safety profile was also assessed.

Results

Thirty patients were randomly assigned to each group. However, 43 patients completed the trial. Headache frequency decreased in amitriptyline group more effectively in T1 ( p = 0.004). Amitriptyline was more successful in reducing the headache duration in all three periods ( p < 0.005). There was no significant difference in severity improvement and reducing disability score between the two groups ( p > 0.005). No serious adverse events were observed.

Conclusions

Both medications are effective in ameliorating migraine headaches and related disabilities. However, amitriptyline appears be a preferable option over cinnarizine, given its faster onset of action, efficacy in reducing headache duration and longer-lasting effects. Trial Registration: The study was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) under the code IRCT-20191112045413N1.
Optimizing the Carbon Footprint of Performance-Engineered Concrete Mixtures
Authors: Bharadwaj Keshav , Isgor O. Burkan , Weiss W. Jason
Published: April 2024

This paper describes a process to optimize concrete mixture proportions to meet specific performance criteria through the minimization of a user-defined objective function that considers material cost and CO2 cost. The performance criteria impose constraints in the form of required mechanical properties (e.g., compressive strength), microstructural parameters (e.g., porosity or calcium hydroxide content), transport properties (i.e., the formation factor), and durability predictions (e.g., time to corrosion initiation or time to critical saturation). A thermodynamics-based model is used to predict reaction products and these results are used to predict performance. A feasible region of mixture proportions satisfying these constraints is identified after varying the water-to-binder ratios, cement replacement levels using limestone or supplementary cementitious materials, and air contents. The objective function is minimized to identify the optimal mixture proportions that meet all constraints while minimizing the material cost and CO2 footprint.
Field Aging and Binder Fatigue Performance of Intermediate Asphalt Concrete Layers Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Rahman Mohammad A. , Harvey John T. , Jiao Liya , Shrestha Raghubar , Jones David J.
Published: April 2024

In this research, field slab samples were taken from an asphalt pavement in a hot climate with a design life of 40 years at 2, 4, and 7 years of pavement age to determine aging behavior with time at different depths. The asphalt binders were extracted and recovered to evaluate the aging and fatigue performance of the intermediate layer of the asphalt pavement. The chemical and rheological aging properties of the binders were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a dynamic shear rheometer, respectively. The pavement included 25 mm (1 in.) open-graded and 75 mm (2 in.) polymer-modified layers over three intermediate layer lifts. The intermediate layer aging is mostly governed by the connecting air voids and binder content of the asphalt mixes. The variation in aging deeper than 100 mm (4 in.) below the pavement surface was minor because of the absence of heat and access to air, with similar aging parameter values observed for different years of field sampling indicating little to no aging after construction. A good correlation ( R2 values of 0.79–0.92) was observed between the chemical property (carbonyl index) and rheological properties of the extracted binder for the dense-graded asphalt concrete layers between 25 and 100 mm depths. The fatigue performance of these extracted binders was evaluated by performing linear amplitude sweep tests. The results indicate that binder fatigue performance initially improved with moderate levels of aging but started to decline under extreme aging conditions.
Analyzing the Mechanical Response of a Calibrated Finite Element Model for Flexible Pavement with Embedded Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Technology
Authors: Cruz Hector , Moncada Oscar Andrés , Jahangiri Behnam , Tirado Cesar , Nazarian Soheil , Haddock John E.
Published: April 2024

Despite the increasing interest in embedding inductive wireless power transfer technology into pavements to power electric vehicles, limited research has been conducted on the mechanical behavior of such pavements under operating conditions. To address this knowledge gap, a numerical analysis tool for effectively evaluating pavements integrated with charging technology is needed. However, a comprehensive study is first necessary to assess the accuracy of numerical tools when simulating these pavement structures. This study evaluates the structural response of a numerical model of a three-layered flexible pavement with an embedded dynamic wireless power transfer system, adopting a linear elastic approach using a finite element analysis program. To calibrate the numerical model, a full-scale test section was instrumented with embedded strain gauges at critical positions relative to the charging unit (CU). The paper focuses on comparing the pavement response when subjected to falling weight deflectometer loading at those critical locations. The research entails formulating adjustment factors for numerical responses and examining key factors (e.g., materials’ interfacial bonding conditions and loading positions) that may significantly influence the pavement’s response. The estimated and experimental pavement responses showed an acceptable agreement when the load was applied on the full-depth hot-mix asphalt (HMA), but discrepancies occurred when the load position was directly above the CU–HMA interface. To adjust the estimated pavement responses, different CU–HMA interfacial bonding conditions were considered. The results demonstrate the importance of considering realistic bonding conditions in numerical simulations to improve accuracy in estimating pavement responses.
Foam dressing and micropower vacuum dressing promote diabetic foot ulcer wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in rats
Authors: Chen Cunren , Ou Qianying , Chen Kaining , Liang Changli , Zeng Xiaocui , Lin Danhong , Lin Lu
Published: April 2024

Foam dressing (FD) and micropower vacuum dressing (MVD) have been applied in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). However, research about the mode of action on the efficacy of the two dressings is extremely rare. This study proposed to explore the mechanism involved in diabetic wound healing under FD or MVD treatment. Macroscopical study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of FD and MVD on wound healing in a rat model of DFU. Morphological analysis in the wound skin tissue was conducted by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Meanwhile, inflammatory cytokines in serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The protein expression of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, protein kinase B and mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and their phosphorylation levels were determined by western blotting. We found that wound healing in rats with DFU was enhanced with the application of FD and MVD. The therapeutic efficacy of FD was superior to MVD. Compared with diabetic foot group, the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, were significantly down-regulated. Besides, the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR were up-regulated under FD or MVD treatment. We demonstrated that the treatment of FD and MVD effectively promoted the wound skin healing through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Our research may provide a new idea for exploring the mode of action of dressing application in healing of DFU.
The Organization of Ignorance: The Australian ‘Robodebt’ Affair, Bureaucracy, Law and Politics
Authors: van Krieken Robert
Published: April 2024

The ‘Robodebt’ scheme was an initiative pursued by the Australian Department of Human Services between 2016 and 2019 to increase the amount of money recovered from supposed ‘overpayments’ to recipients of welfare benefits. Drawing on the rich body of empirical material generated by the Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme as well as journalists and academic observers, this paper develops an understanding of the affair from the perspective of the sociology of organizations. Particular use is made of a growing body of research in the organizational sociology of ignorance. Following an outline of the main features of Robodebt, the paper explains the significance of the conception of ignorance as more complex than the mere absence of knowledge in organizational life. It then examines the specifics of the way in which Robodebt casts light on the role played by systemic, wilful ignorance in the relationship between law, bureaucracy and politics. The paper concludes with some reflections on the senses in which Robodebt was a manifestation not only of a crisis, fiasco or scandal, but also of the normal operation of the ‘will to ignorance’ (Nietzsche) in organizational life.
Coupling optimization design of configuration and swept-bowed effects in highly loaded subsonic compressor tandem cascades with tip clearance
Authors: Mao Xiaochen , Jiao Yingchen , Cheng Hao , Zhang Botao , Liu Bo
Published: April 2024

The coupling optimization design for swept-bowed effects and configuration of tandem cascade is conducted in a highly loaded subsonic compressor tandem cascade, in which the novelty lies in considering the spanwise distribution of configuration parameters and exploring the coupling relationship between them and swept-bowed design. Research results show that, compared with the original one, the loss coefficient of the optimal tandem cascade is decreased by 38.7% at the 4° incidence angle and the range of available incidence angle expands by 25%. For the distribution of the configuration parameters, parameters at the hub are significantly different from those near the tip, which confirms the tandem blade design in compressors is complex and needs to consider 3D flow effect. Forward swept and positive bowed design are beneficial for reducing loss at tip and alleviating the blockage, which cannot be achieved by the optimization only for configuration parameters. In terms of the weak coupling relationship between configuration parameters distribution and swept-bowed effects, the former should be considered first in practical engineering.
Availability monitoring and improvement method for in-service nuclear power plants based on high-precision prediction of availability
Authors: Shi Jinyuan
Published: April 2024

A high-precision availability prediction, availability monitoring, and availability improvement method for in-service nuclear power plants has been proposed. The calculation formula for availability characteristic quantities and categories of planned maintenance for nuclear power plants are introduced. For nuclear power plants that have been in operation for less than 5 years, an availability prediction method based on statistical data is adopted to predict the equivalent availability factor of nuclear power plants. For nuclear power plants with operation years greater than or equal to 5 years, an availability prediction method based on power function and polynomial is adopted to predict the equivalent availability factor of nuclear power plants, and an accuracy verification method of availability prediction for nuclear power plants is provided. Based on availability prediction values and qualification criteria for availability monitoring, the availability monitoring of nuclear power plants is carried out. The optimization for numbers of planned maintenance days and newly added unplanned maintenance days based on different planned maintenance years promote the availability improvement of nuclear power plants. The relative error of availability prediction for an 1000 MW nuclear power plant and application example of optimized maintenance measures for different planned maintenance years are provided. The results show that the availability prediction method based on power function has high prediction accuracy and conforms to the availability trend of nuclear power plants. Based on the high-precision prediction results of availability, optimizing the number of planned maintenance days for different planned maintenance years can promote the availability improvement of in-service nuclear power plants.
Force coefficient characterization in machining of UD-CFRP using numerical-analytical approach
Authors: Xiao Jianzhang , Gao Ning , Wang Guifeng , Huang Pengcheng , He Jiabo
Published: April 2024

A numerical-analytical approach was utilized to construct a predictive model of cutting force for machining unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (UD-CFRP) laminates. The force coefficients in the model, which include friction angle, shear plane angle, shear strength, and rebound height, can be characterized by the fiber orientations ranging from 0° to 180°. The accuracy of the model was confirmed through experimental verification. The results indicate good agreement between the predicted and experimental values, with relative errors below 14.8%, except for the thrust force at 90°. Additionally, the study examined the influence of rake angle and flank angle on the cutting force, revealing two critical points in the predicted cutting force curve throughout the fiber orientation. These turning points shifted with changes in the rake angle. For instance, the value of the first critical point changes from 60° to 45° when the rake angle range shifts from [0°, 5°] to [10°, 15°]. This indicates that a larger rake angle facilitated an earlier transformation of chip formation mode, leading to a decrease in cutting force. Furthermore, the cutting force decreased as the rake angle increased between the two turning points. The impact of the flank angle on the cutting force was determined to be minimal, and the turning points’ positions remained consistent as the flank angle increased.
Intrahepatic mucinous cholangiocarcinoma with recurrent colic in a horse case report and literature review of cholangiocarcinoma in horses
Authors: Barrantes Murillo Daniel Felipe , Cattley Russell C. , Cullen John M. , Withers Cornelius , Towns Jordan , Pfeifle Rachel , Wooldridge Anne , Neto Rachel L. A. L. T.
Published: April 2024

A 17-y-old Arabian mare was presented to the Auburn Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a long-term history of intermittent mild recurrent colic that responded to medical treatment. CBC revealed mild lymphopenia; serum biochemistry findings were of increased gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatine kinase activities, hyperferremia, hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia. Abdominocentesis was compatible with low-protein transudate. Due to the progression and duration of clinical signs, the owner elected euthanasia. Postmortem examination and histopathology confirmed a cholangiocarcinoma. The neoplastic cells were arranged in large cysts containing lakes of mucin that comprised 90% of the tumor volume; thus, a mucinous variant was determined. The neoplastic cells had strong cytoplasmic immunolabeling for cytokeratin 19 and lacked immunolabeling for hepatocyte paraffin 1, supporting bile duct origin. Cholangiocarcinomas are infrequent tumors in horses with nonspecific and slow progressive clinical signs, including recurrent colic. Mucinous cholangiocarcinomas are seldom reported in veterinary medicine and, to our knowledge, have not been reported previously in horses.
Dynamic Cognitive Load Assessment in Virtual Reality
Authors: Elkin Rachel L. , Beaubien Jeff M. , Damaghi Nathaniel , Chang Todd P. , Kessler David O.
Published: April 2024

Background

Recent advances in non-invasive physiologic monitoring leverage machine learning to provide unobtrusive, real-time assessments of a learner’s cognitive load (CL) as they engage in specific tasks. However, the performance characteristics of these novel composite physiologic CL measures are incompletely understood.

Objectives

We aimed to 1) explore the feasibility of measuring CL in real time using physiologically-derived inputs; 2) evaluate the performance characteristics of a novel composite CL measure during simulated virtual reality resuscitations; and 3) understand how this measure compares to traditional, self-reported measures of CL.

Methods

Novice (PGY1-2 pediatric residents) and expert (pediatric emergency medicine fellows and attendings) participants completed four virtual reality simulations as team leader. The scenario content (status epilepticus versus anaphylaxis) and level of distraction (high versus low) were manipulated. Cognitive load was measured in all participants using electroencephalography and electrocardiography data (“real-time CL”) as well as through self-report (NASA-TLX). Scenario performance also was measured.

Results

Complete data were available for 6 experts and 6 novices. Experts generally had lower CL than novices on both measures. Both measures localized the most significant differences between groups to the anaphylaxis scenarios (real-time CL [low-distraction] Cohen’s d -1.33 [95% CI -.2.56, -0.03] and self-reported CL [high-distraction] Cohen’s d -1.41 [95% CI -2.67, -0.10]). No consistent differences were seen with respect to level of distraction. Performance was similar between the two groups, though both exhibited fewer errors over time (F(3,48) = 5.75, p = .002).

Conclusion

It is feasible to unobtrusively measure cognitive load in real time during virtual reality simulations. There was convergence between the two CL measures: in both, experts had lower CL than novices, with the most significant effect size differences in the more challenging anaphylaxis scenarios.
Defect effect on high strain rate compressive behaviors of 3D braided composites
Authors: Guo Jinhui , Xue Yousong , Gu Bohong , Sun Baozhong
Published: April 2024

Defect effects of carbon fiber composites under dynamic impact conditions are important to mechanical behavior design in the aerospace field. Here we report the defect effect on the impact compressive behavior of 3D braided composites at high strain rates from 550/s to 1240/s. The defect effect on damage behavior was observed by high-speed photography and digital image correlation (DIC) technology. A finite element analysis (FEA) model was developed to show the defect effect on stress distribution and thermo-mechanical behavior. The defect structure reduces the compressive strength of the composite and causes more brittle and catastrophic failure compared with the perfect composite. The defect effect on the compressive behaviors is more significant at higher strain rates. FEA results show that the defect structure causes local stress concentration, high adiabatic temperature rise, and high stress in the X-shaped shear band region, thereby accelerating composite failure.
Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Sexual and Gender Minority Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale Among Sexual Minority Men and Women
Authors: Solberg Marvin A. , Kurzer Julie A. M. J.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known determinants of negative health outcomes. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals have higher ACE scores than non-SGM individuals. The SGM-ACE scale was developed to better assess this population but is not yet validated in SGM subgroups.

AIMS:

This study aims to validate the sexual and gender minority adverse childhood experiences (SGM-ACE) scale among sexual minority men (SMM) and sexual minority women (SMW), while testing measurement invariance across both groups.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional survey included 530 sexual minority adults (265 men, 265 women) in the United States. Cronbach’s alpha established internal consistency reliability. Validity was assessed via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the SGM-ACE’s theoretical structure and Pearson’s correlations for concurrent validity with substance use outcomes (alcohol, cannabis, and drugs). Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) determined measurement invariance between SMM and SMW.

RESULTS:

The CFA of the original model exhibited good fit. Fit was improved after removing the institutionalization item, chi-square ( χ2) = 14.26, degrees of freedom ( df) = 9, p = 0.113, minimum discrepancy (CMIN/ df) = 1.59, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.03, 90% confidence interval (CI): (0.00–0.06), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.02. Internal consistency reliability was established (α = 0.78). SGM-ACE exhibited weak, yet significant relationships with each substance use outcome. Multigroup SEM indicated measurement invariance between SMM and SMW.

CONCLUSION:

This study provides psychometric validation of the SGM-ACE, establishing measurement invariance between SMM and SMW. Future research should explore its utility in diverse SGM minority subgroups.
Relationship between gut microbiome and bone deficits in primary hyperparathyroidism: A proof-of-concept pilot study
Authors: Coskun Meric , Babayeva Afruz , Barlas Tugba , Muhittin Yalcin Mehmet , Akturk Mujde , Balos Toruner Fusun , Ayhan Karakoc Mehmet , Karakan Tarkan , Cindoruk Mehmet , Yetkin Ilhan , Eroglu Altinova Alev
Published: April 2024

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) interacts with components of the gut microbiota to exert its bone-regulating effects. This study aimed to investigate the gut microbial composition in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Nine patients with PHPT and nine age–sex and body mass index-matched healthy controls were included. Gut microbial composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in both groups at baseline and 1 month after parathyroidectomy in the PHPT group. Data were imported into QIIME-2 and both QIIME-2 and R packages were used for microbiome analysis. Alpha and beta diversities were similar between the groups and remained unchanged after parathyroidectomy. The relative abundance of S ubdoligranulum was significantly higher, whereas Ruminococcus, Alloprevotella, Phascolarctobacterium, and Clostridium sensu stricto_1 were significantly lower in PHPT than in controls (p < 0.001). After parathyroidectomy, the relative abundance of Subdoligranulum decreased, and Ruminococcus and Alloprevotella increased (p < 0.001). The PHPT group had lower total femoral and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) than the controls (p < 0.05). At baseline, Alloprevotella abundance was positively correlated with serum phosphorus and Subdoligranulum was positively correlated with total lumbar BMD. Clostridium sensu stricto_1 was negatively correlated with serum calcium and positively correlated with femoral neck BMD. Postoperatively, Alloprevotella was positively correlated with baseline serum phosphorus and Phascolarctobacterium was positively correlated with distal radius BMD. This study demonstrated that the diversity of the gut microbiome was altered, possibly in response to electrolyte changes in PHPT, both before and after parathyroidectomy.
Pro-inflammatory cytokine alterations in recent onset anorexia nervosa adolescent female patients before and after 6 months of integrated therapy: A case–control study
Authors: Di Paolo Alice , Membrino Valentina , Alia Sonila , Nanetti Laura , Svarca Lucia Emanuela , Perrone Massimo Leone , Aquilanti Luca , Mazzanti Laura , Vignini Arianna , Salvolini Eleonora , Severini Michele
Published: April 2024

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex disorder affecting mainly, but not only, teenagers. Researchers agree that AN is deeply associated with a pro-inflammatory state following an impaired immune system, resulting from altered levels of cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α, also impacted by the frequent depressive states. Thus, this case–control study aimed to evaluate the relationship between patients suffering from AN undergoing specialized eating disorder treatment for AN and pro-inflammatory cytokines. To reach our purpose, we assessed eating-related psychopathology and depressive symptoms and measured serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α before and after 6 months of integrated therapy (which included psychopharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and nutritional treatment), to define whether selected pro-inflammatory cytokines could be considered a pathophysiological marker of the disorder. A sample of 16 young female patients with early diagnosis of AN, and without any previous treatment, and 22 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and socioeconomic status were enrolled. After 6 months of integrated therapy, a significant decrease of all selected pro-inflammatory cytokines was detected. In addition, an improvement in the anxiety-depressant aspects was also noted. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines are indeed related to the pathophysiology of AN. However, further investigations, involving larger samples of patients with distinct subtypes of AN, are essential to confirm the current findings.
The SIECC protocol: A novel insertion bundle to minimize the complications related to epicutaneo-cava catheters in neonates
Authors: D’Andrea Vito , Pittiruti Mauro , Prontera Giorgia , Vento Gianni , Barone Giovanni
Published: April 2024

Epicutaneo-cava catheters are the most widely used central venous catheters in the neonate, but their insertion and management are potentially associated with several complications, both during placement (failure to proceed with the catheter, primary malposition, etc.) and during maintenance (infection, venous thrombosis, catheter dislocation, secondary malposition, etc.). Recent studies have identified methods and techniques that may be effective in minimizing the risk of most of these complications. This paper proposes a structured, sequential insertion bundle—nicknamed “the SIECC protocol” (SIECC = Safe Insertion of Epicutaneo-Cava Catheters)—which includes seven evidence-based strategies which have been proven to increase the safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of the procedure.
Efficacy of drug-coated balloon catheters for patients with short-term recurrent dysfunction of arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Shintaku Sadanori , Kawanishi Hideki , Banshodani Masataka , Moriishi Misaki , Takahashi Naoko , Tsuchiya Shinichiro
Published: April 2024

Background:

In this study, we aimed at clarifying the usefulness of drug-coated balloon catheters (DCBs) for arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) that repeatedly undergo restenosis over a short period and to examine the factors that influence the patency period after DCB use.

Methods:

This retrospective observational study was conducted using IN.PACT AV in 29 cases of AVFs with repeated restenosis within approximately 3 months, and temporary patency before and after DCB use in the same patients was compared. For target participants, the flow volume, resistive index (RI), and vascular diameter of the brachial artery were measured using an ultrasound diagnostic device. Stenosis diameter, reference vessel diameter, and stenosis length of the lesion were measured before and after DCB dilatation using digital subtraction angiography.

Results:

Before DCB angioplasty, the postintervention primary patency at 3 months was 66%, and the average interval was 92 ± 21 days (mean ± standard deviation). After DCB angioplasty, the postintervention primary patency rates at 3 and 6 months were 92% and 36%, respectively. The postintervention primary patency was significantly higher after than before DCB angioplasty ( p < 0.0001). A sub-analysis was performed on 25 patients who were followed up for 4 months or more after DCB. The RI values before and after dilatation with DCB significantly differed between the patency group 4 or more months after DCB and the patency group less than 4 months after DCB.

Conclusion:

For AVFs that require frequent PTA over a short period of time, DCB improved the patency rate 3 months after PTA, but the improvement effect at 6 months was limited. The effect of DCB on prolonging the patency rate of AVFs that require frequent PTA over a short period of time may be correlated with the RI value before and after PTA.
Navigating Taxpayers Attitude: Exploring Support for Urban Sanitation Surcharge in Kumasi
Authors: Appiah-Effah Eugene , Duku Godwin Armstrong , Boakye Kingsley , Oduro Charles , Nyarko Kwabena Biritwum
Published: April 2024

Background:

Urban sanitation challenges persist in Ghana, prompting Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs) to explore innovative funding mechanisms such as surcharges to fund sanitation services. This study assesses property owners’ attitudes toward the imposition of sanitation surcharge for pro-poor sanitation improvement in the Kumasi Metropolis.

Method:

An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 property owners in the Kumasi metropolis. Structured questionnaires were utilized to solicit information from respondents using multi-stage sampling techniques.

Results:

Findings indicated that 36.1% of respondents were willing to pay the sanitation surcharge, while 63.9% opposed its implementation in the Metropolis. Property ownership and support for a sanitation surcharge were associated with higher odds of willingness to pay. Participants paying property rates had decreased odds of supporting the sanitation surcharge. Factors associated with pro-poor spending support included age (61-80 years) [AOR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.60-3.82] and willingness to pay sanitation surcharge [AOR = 11.07, 95%CI = 6.63-18.49]. Protective factors against supporting pro-poor spending included residing in medium-class communities [AOR = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.08-0.81], perceiving improvement in sanitation status [AOR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.21-0.81) and having a home toilet facility (OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.36-0.95).

Conclusion:

The study revealed a nuanced landscape where concerns about fund utilization, perceived tax burdens, and trust in local institutions significantly shape public sentiment. To enhance public acceptance and participation, policymakers should prioritize transparent communication to build trust and convey the effective utilization of funds from the sanitation surcharge.
A scoping review of occupational health education programs for music students and teachers
Authors: Evans Alison , Rennie-Salonen Bridget , Wijsman Suzanne , Ackermann Bronwen
Published: April 2024

Embedding musicians’ occupational health training in music education curricula is widely recommended due to the well-documented high prevalence of performance-related health problems (PRHPs) among musicians across their lifespan. A scoping review was conducted to examine the range of evidence from implementations of musicians’ health education programs, regarding the maintenance of hearing, musculoskeletal, psychological, and vocal health, as well as injury prevention strategies to minimize the risk of PRHP. Eligible sources of evidence included published and unpublished studies reporting occupational health education programs (which may have incorporated information on physical or psychological health, exercise, or somatic movement training) implemented with pre-tertiary and tertiary music students and teachers. Studies reporting stand-alone psychological health education were excluded. Key characteristics from included studies were extracted and charted. Data charts outline commonalities across the reported results, including physical, psychological, educational, and behavioral change outcome measures. Out of 46 records included for data extraction, 35 reported programs with tertiary-aged music students, seven reported programs with pre-tertiary-aged music students, two reported programs with music teachers, and two reported systematic reviews. Reported benefits from this research with both pre-tertiary and tertiary music students suggest that musicians’ health education and injury prevention strategies reduce self-reported playing-related pain and music performance anxiety. However, future implementation studies need to address identified challenges such as effective behavior change and the enablers and barriers to the long-term adoption of strategies for optimal music performance and health outcomes. This review highlights the need for further research into designing and embedding musicians’ health education into all music training settings, including more implementations with pre-tertiary music students, as well as training to support the professional development needs of instrumental and vocal teachers.
Developing and testing the efficacy of a novel forecasting methodology: Theory and evidence from China
Authors: Yang Yuhong , Dogru Tarik , Liang Chao , Wang Jianqiong , Xu Pengfei
Published: April 2024

Numerous methodologies have been offered to forecast tourism demand; however, accurate forecasting has been a major challenge for policymakers despite its critical importance for tourism planning. Therefore, we propose and test a novel forecasting methodology that combines principal component analysis (PCA) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network, along with the Baidu index, to forecast daily tourist arrivals for a popular tourist attraction in China. Word2Vec, a software tool launched by Google, is used to improve the coverage and accuracy of search keywords in the construction of the Baidu indexes. Before training the LSTM network, PCA is used to reduce noise and optimize the data. Considering the study’s timeframe, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic has also been assessed. The efficacy of the proposed forecasting methodology is verified, and the results show that the PCA-LSTM model outperforms other models in terms of prediction accuracy and stability. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
‘I wasn’t on the front line per se, but I was part of health care’: Contributions and experiences of ancillary staff in care homes in England during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Luijnenburg Olivia , Samsi Kritika , Kessler Ian , Norrie Caroline , Martineau Stephen , Manthorpe Jill
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Ancillary staff – cleaning, catering, housekeeping and laundry workers – play a crucial role in care homes, by promoting infection control, food preparation and hygiene, and contributing to the care home environment. This study sought to understand the experiences of ancillary staff working in English care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results will inform policy makers, employers, care home managers and others, both in England and overseas, as how to best support the ancillary workforce.

Methods

Between March and August 2021, video and telephone interviews were conducted with those working or living in care homes in England. Participants comprised ancillary staff ( n = 38), care home managers ( n = 8), care home residents’ family members and friends ( n = 7), human resource managers ( n = 5) and care home residents ( n = 5).

Results

Ancillary staff often had increased responsibilities and contributed to pandemic efforts by changing working practices, routines and job roles with the aim of supporting residents and other staff. Teamwork, underpinned by strong leadership, helped ancillary staff feel supported.

Conclusions

Ancillary staff should be better recognised as being central to care home care. They are essential workers helping to keep residents safe and well.
Opioid Risk Tool, in-hospital opioid exposure, and opioid demand predict pain outcomes following traumatic injury
Authors: Kessler Danielle A , Webber Heather E , de Dios Constanza , Yoon Jin H , Schmitz Joy M , Lane Scott D , Harvin John A , Heads Angela M , Green Charles E , Kapoor Shweta , Stotts Angela L , Motley Kandice L , Suchting Robert
Published: April 2024

Prescribed opioids are a mainstay pain treatment after traumatic injury, but a subgroup of patients may be at risk for continued opioid use. We evaluated the predictive utility of a traditional screening tool, the Opioid Risk Tool (ORT), and two other measures: average in-hospital milligram morphine equivalents (MME) per day and an assessment of opioid demand in predicting pain outcomes. Assessments of pain-related outcomes (pain intensity, interference, injury-related stress, and need for additional pain treatment) were administered at 2 weeks and 12 months post-discharge in a sample of 34 patients hospitalized for traumatic injury. Bayesian linear models were used to evaluate changes in responses over time as a function of predictors. High-risk ORT, higher MME per day, and greater opioid demand predicted less change in outcomes over time. This report provides first evidence that malleable factors of opioid and opioid demand have utility in predicting pain outcomes following traumatic injury.
The structure and correlates of vegan stereotypes
Authors: Aloni Maya , Hopwood Christopher J. , Lenhausen Madeline R. , Rosenfeld Daniel L. , Mohan Keira O.
Published: April 2024

Previous research suggests that people hold both positive and negative stereotypes of vegans, but little is known about the specific content of those stereotypes. In two studies (total N = 2,027), we identified the structure of meat-eaters’ stereotypes of vegans and developed a scale to measure them. Stereotypes of vegans assorted into three positive (compassionate, healthy, and self-disciplined) and three negative (unconventional, condescending, and unhealthy) dimensions. Meat-eaters perceived vegans more positively when they understood their motivations for their diet, were familiar with vegans, and shared their concerns for the environment. In contrast, meat-eaters who perceived vegans more negatively were more conservative, had a strong meat-eating identity, and were highly motivated to eat meat. Whereas most attitudes predicted overall positive and negative evaluations of vegans, some predicted specific stereotypes of vegans. This model and scale provide a foundation for vegan stereotype research and for improving intergroup relations between meat-eaters and vegans.
Wave-induced vibration control of Floating production storage and offloading systems by tuned mass damper inerter
Authors: Sarkar Nilarghya , Chakraborty Sanjukta , Ghosh Aparna (Dey)
Published: April 2024

Floating production storage and offloading systems (FPSOs) are gaining prominence in the offshore industry. FPSOs are generally designed to weathervane, necessitating surge vibration control for station keeping. Since the natural period of surge vibration is far higher than the dominant period of the input wave load, instead of supplemental damping, a high inertial device, such as the tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI), would be effective. This concept has hitherto not been investigated for the FPSO. A frequency domain formulation of the FPSO-TMDI system under wave force, considering interaction of the liquid cargo is presented. Utilizing Froude-Krylov theory, suitably modified to account for diffraction effects, wave force on the FPSO is obtained using field data from North Sea. TMDI parameters are optimized using Genetic Algorithm under different tank-fill conditions. The results demonstrate that the TMDI holds potential in providing an effective and robust performance in controlling the surge motion of FPSOs.